bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myopic memory: Capitalism's new continuity in the age of AI
Authors: Pilkington Danny 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article is a commentary on the relationship between artificial intelligence (AI), capitalism, and memory. The political policies of neoliberalism have reduced the capacity of individuals and groups to reflect on and change the social world, meanwhile applications of AI and algorithmic technologies, rooted in the profit-seeking objectives of global capitalism, deepen this deficit. In these conditions, memory in individuals and across society is at risk of becoming myopic. In this article, I develop the concept of myopic memory with two core claims. Firstly, I argue that AI is a technological development that cannot be divorced from the capitalist conditions from which it comes from and is implemented in service of. To this end, I reveal capitalism and colonialism's historical and contemporary use of surveillance as a way to control the populations it oppresses, imagining their pasts to determine their futures, disempowering them in the process. My second core claim emphasises that this process of disempowerment is undergoing an acute realisation four decades into the period of neoliberalism. Neoliberal policies have restructured society on the basis of being an individual consumer, leaving little time, space, and institutional capacity for citizens to reflect on their impact or challenge their dominance. As a result, with the growing role of AI and algorithmic technologies in shaping our engagement with society along similar lines of individualism, it is my conclusion that the scope of memory is being reduced and constrained within the prism of capitalism, reducing its potential, and rendering it myopic.
Women candidates and mayors in Italy (1993–2021)
Authors: Freschi Anna Carola , Mete Vittorio 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article uses an original dataset to sketch a portrait of women mayoral candidates and women elected as mayors in Italy in the period 1993–2021. The analysis highlights several significant findings. Women must compensate for their political marginality by deploying other resources, such as higher levels of education. Nevertheless, women are penalised not only by the reluctance of parties to put them forward as candidates, but also by the elections themselves. More specifically, the electoral presence and strength of women decreases when the population size of the municipality grows, except for municipalities with more than 100,000 inhabitants. Moreover, women candidates are most disadvantaged in geographical areas where the socioeconomic condition of women is more marginal. However, women mayors running for a second mandate have the same chance of winning as men. Finally, it is the protest parties, rather than the left-wing parties, that are revealed as doing the most to promote women.
Agroclimatic and spectral regionalization for soybean in different agricultural settings in the state of Paraná, Brazil
Authors: Gasparin P. P. , da Silva E. M. , Becker W. R. , Paludo A. , Guedes L. P. C. , Johann J. A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Information related to the climate, sowing time, harvest, and crop development is essential for defining appropriate strategies for agricultural activities, which helps both producers and responsible bodies. Paraná, the second largest soybean producer in Brazil, has high climatic variability, which greatly influences planting, harvesting, and crop productivity periods. Therefore, the objective of this study was to regionalize the state of Paraná, considering decennial metrics associated with climate variables and the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) during the soybean cycle. Individual and global analyses of these metrics were conducted performed using multivariate techniques. These analyses were carried out in agricultural scenarios with low, medium, and high precipitation, corresponding to harvest years 2011/2012, 2013/2014, and 2015/2016, respectively. The results obtained from the scores of the retained factors and the cluster analysis were the profile of the groups, with Group 1 presenting more favourable climatic and agronomic conditions for the development of soybean crops for the three harvest years. The opposite occurred for Groups 2 (2011/2012 and 2013/2014) and Group 3 (2015/2016). During the soybean reproductive phases (R2 – R5), precipitation values were inadequate, especially for Group 2 (2011/2012 and 2013/2014) with high water deficit, resulting in a drop in soybean productivity. The climatic and agronomic regionalization of Paraná made it possible to identify the regions most suitable for growing soybeans, the effect of climatic conditions on phenological stages, and the variability of soybean productivity in the three harvest years.
“Three New Paradigms of Indigenous American (Re-)Discovery”
Authors: Marini Kyle 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Caroline Dodds Pennock, Ned Blackhawk, and Esteban Mira Caballos published three paradigm-shifting works in 2023 that flip deeply ingrained narratives of Indigenous Americans’ presence at home in the hemispheric Americas and abroad in Europe. Pennock's book introduces scholarly shifts towards a global Indigenous presence and reframes Europe On Savage Shores where Indigenous travellers arrived on their own accord in largely forgotten encounters; Blackhawk reimagines official United States history which often omits Indigenous peoples by making them its moving force in The Rediscovery of America; and Mira Caballos conversely breaks down stereotypical attitudes toward Indigenous travellers in Spain by evincing their transatlantic journeys to Iberia in El Descubrimiento de Europa (The Discovery of Europe). All three works are mutually reinforcing in their mission to dismantle popular beliefs rooted in imaginative, racist, and antiquated narratives rather than historically verified reality. They are critical for both the academic and public transformation of the history of Indigenous peoples in Northern Europe, Iberia, and the United States. They propose a necessary and well-founded revision of their respective historiographic traditions, all originating from models predicated upon the paradigm of European discovery which these authors successfully turn on its head.
Anti-ageing natural supplements: the main players in promoting healthy lifespan
Authors: Izadi Mehran , Sadri Nariman , Abdi Amirhossein , Zadeh Mohammad Mahdi Raeis , Jalaei Dorsa , Ghazimoradi Mohammad Mahdi , Shouri Sara , Tahmasebi Safa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Ageing is an inevitable biological process accompanied by various physiological changes, and researchers have long sought interventions to promote healthy ageing. This article explores the effects of four natural compounds – omega-3 fatty acids, coenzyme Q10, gingerol and curcumin – on the ageing process. We delve into the scientific literature to examine the potential benefits and mechanisms behind these substances in mitigating age-related conditions. Omega-3’s anti-inflammatory properties, coenzyme Q10’s cellular energy support, gingerol’s antioxidant effects and curcumin’s anti-ageing properties are discussed. By shedding light on the impact of these compounds, this review aims to contribute to a better understanding of how natural substances may play a role in promoting longevity and enhancing the quality of life during the ageing journey.
On the smallest gap in a sequence with Poisson pair correlations
Authors: Altman Daniel , Chase Zachary 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe prove that any increasing sequence of real numbers with average gap
$1$
and Poisson pair correlations has some gap that is at least
$3/2+10^{-9}$
. This improves upon a result of Aistleitner, Blomer, and Radziwiłł.
ActuaryGPT: applications of large language models to insurance and actuarial work
Authors: Balona Caesar 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Recent advances in large language models (LLMs), such as GPT-4, have spurred interest in their potential applications across various fields, including actuarial work. This paper introduces the use of LLMs in actuarial and insurance-related tasks, both as direct contributors to actuarial modelling and as workflow assistants. It provides an overview of LLM concepts and their potential applications in actuarial science and insurance, examining specific areas where LLMs can be beneficial, including a detailed assessment of the claims process. Additionally, a decision framework for determining the suitability of LLMs for specific tasks is presented. Case studies with accompanying code showcase the potential of LLMs to enhance actuarial work. Overall, the results suggest that LLMs can be valuable tools for actuarial tasks involving natural language processing or structuring unstructured data and as workflow and coding assistants. However, their use in actuarial work also presents challenges, particularly regarding professionalism and ethics, for which high-level guidance is provided.
Term limits in parliament and electoral disconnection: the case of the Five Star Movement
Authors: Bromo Francesco , Gambacciani Paolo , Improta Marco 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article examines the relationship between term limits in parliament and “electoral disconnection,” the notion that legislators constrained in their ability to run for office face diminished incentives to perform strategic activities to boost their chances of securing candidacy and re-election. We leverage the case of the Italian Five Star Movement’s party-imposed limit of two terms for affiliates seeking to gain or retain a parliamentary seat. We exploit an original dataset of parliamentary activities covering both chambers of the Italian Parliament between 2013 and 2022. We estimate a series of mixed-effect regression models to assess the performance of MPs who were elected in 2013 and re-elected in 2018. In line with our expectations, the evidence suggests that term-limited representatives serving their second mandate tend to become less productive when it comes to “electorally lucrative” activities and more prone to rebelling than their non-term-limited colleagues. These findings contribute to our understanding of the incentives that drive parliamentary behavior.
Empirical Models for Postfire Debris‐Flow Volume in the Southwest United States
Authors: Gorr Alexander , McGuire Luke , Youberg Ann 
Published: November 2024

AbstractImproving our ability to relate postfire debris‐flow volume to rainfall characteristics, terrain attributes, and fire severity is critical for quantifying postfire sediment yields from steep landscapes and predicting changes in debris‐flow hazards following fire. This is especially true in the Southwest United States (US) (Arizona and New Mexico), where fire activity has increased in recent decades. In this study, we present a database of 54 postfire debris‐flow volumes that we collected across the Southwest between 2010 and 2021. We use these data to develop a multiple linear regression model for postfire debris‐flow volume based on peak 30‐min rainfall intensity, watershed area greater than 23°, and a soil burn severity variable. We further propose a model that utilizes only rainfall and terrain variables, as well as a model that requires only terrain attribute and fire‐severity variables. These models are beneficial in scenarios where there are data limitations. We compare these new models with others developed in the western US to explore differences in the factors that control debris‐flow volume across geographic regions. We find that the models introduced here more accurately predict postfire debris‐flow volume in the Southwest relative to existing models. We also find that models that include sub‐hourly rainfall intensity perform better than those that do not, revealing the benefits of high‐resolution rainfall data for constraining postfire debris‐flow volume. Results improve our ability to forecast postfire debris‐flow volume in the Southwest and provide insights into relationships between rainfall intensity, terrain attributes, fire severity, and debris‐flow volume.
Huntingtin CAG repeat size variations below the Huntington’s disease threshold: associations with depression, anxiety and basal ganglia structure
Authors: Vater Magdalena , Rost Nicolas , Eckstein Gertrud , Sauer Susann , Tontsch Alina , Erhardt Angelika , Lucae Susanne , Brückl Tanja , Klopstock Thomas , Sämann Philipp G. , Binder Elisabeth B. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHuntington’s disease (HD) is strongly associated with psychiatric symptoms, yet, associations between huntingtin gene (HTT) CAG repeat size variations and psychiatric phenotypes outside the HD complex are still under-investigated. In this genetic case-control study we compared the distribution of HTT CAG repeat sizes in predefined ranges between patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) (n = 2136) and anxiety disorders (ANX) (n = 493), and healthy controls (CON) (n = 1566). We used regression models to study interactions between the alleles and associations with fine-granular clinical phenotypes and basal ganglia structure. HD mutations in the range of incomplete penetrance (36–39 repeats) were not overrepresented in patients. In participants older than 48 years, 13–20 repeats on both HTT alleles were associated with a reduced ANX risk whereas a 13–20 | 21–26 combination was associated with an increased ANX risk. Post-hoc analyses confirmed a turning point around 21 repeats and trends in the same direction were detected for MDD. The joint patient | CON analysis of the full spectrum of allele combinations confirmed interaction effects and age-dependent allele | risk profiles. A short-by-long interaction effect and an age-dependent negative correlation of the short allele on the nucleus accumbens volume was detected, independently of the diagnostic group. In conclusion, we revealed that HTT CAG repeat sizes of both alleles in the non-HD range are associated with a risk modulation for common psychiatric disorders as well as basal ganglia structure differences in an age-dependent way, possibly implying that normal variation of the functionally diverse wildtype huntingtin protein may impact brain function.
Genome-wide association study reveals mechanisms underlying dilated cardiomyopathy and myocardial resilience
Authors: Jurgens Sean J. , Rämö Joel T. , Kramarenko Daria R. , Wijdeveld Leonoor F. J. M. , Haas Jan , Chaffin Mark D. , Garnier Sophie , Gaziano Liam , Weng Lu-Chen , Lipov Alex , Zheng Sean L. , Henry Albert , Huffman Jennifer E. , Challa Saketh , Rühle Frank , Verdugo Carmen Diaz , Krijger Juárez Christian , Kany Shinwan , van Orsouw Constance A. , Biddinger Kiran , Poel Edwin , Elliott Amanda L. , Wang Xin , Francis Catherine , Ruan Richard , Koyama Satoshi , Beekman Leander , Zimmerman Dominic S. , Deleuze Jean-François , Villard Eric , Trégouët David-Alexandre , Isnard Richard ,   FinnGen,   VA Million Veteran Program,   HERMES Consortium, Boomsma Dorret I. , de Geus Eco J. C. , Tadros Rafik , Pinto Yigal M. , Wilde Arthur A. M. , Hottenga Jouke-Jan , Sinisalo Juha , Niiranen Teemu , Walsh Roddy , Schmidt Amand F. , Choi Seung Hoan , Chang Kyong-Mi , Tsao Philip S. , Matthews Paul M. , Ware James S. , Lumbers R. Thomas , van der Crabben Saskia , Laukkanen Jari , Palotie Aarno , Amin Ahmad S. , Charron Philippe , Meder Benjamin , Ellinor Patrick T. , Daly Mark , Aragam Krishna G. , Bezzina Connie R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a heart muscle disease that represents an important cause of morbidity and mortality, yet causal mechanisms remain largely elusive. Here, we perform a large-scale genome-wide association study and multitrait analysis for DCM using 9,365 cases and 946,368 controls. We identify 70 genome-wide significant loci, which show broad replication in independent samples and map to 63 prioritized genes. Tissue, cell type and pathway enrichment analyses highlight the central role of the cardiomyocyte and contractile apparatus in DCM pathogenesis. Polygenic risk scores constructed from our genome-wide association study predict DCM across different ancestry groups, show differing contributions to DCM depending on rare pathogenic variant status and associate with systolic heart failure across various clinical settings. Mendelian randomization analyses reveal actionable potential causes of DCM, including higher bodyweight and higher systolic blood pressure. Our findings provide insights into the genetic architecture and mechanisms underlying DCM and myocardial function more broadly.
Physiological and biochemical response of strawberry cv. diamond to nano zeolite soil application and cinnamic acid foliar application
Authors: Zeinalipour Najmeh , Saadati Safoora 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe increasing global population and climate change are pressing challenges that necessitate innovative agricultural solutions to ensure food security. One promising approach is the use of nano fertilizers and foliar spraying techniques, which enhance nutrient delivery to plants. The purpose of this research was to examine how three different concentrations of nano zeolite (0, 30, and 60 mg L− 1) applied to the soil through irrigation and three different concentrations of cinnamic acid (0, 100, and 200 µM) applied topically affected the physiological and biochemical characteristics of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cv. diamond, as well as the crop’s yield and quality of its fruits. A factorial system with three replications was used in the experiment, which was designed in a completely randomized design. According to the data, all features except stomatal conductivity were considerably impacted by soil application of nano zeolite and foliar spraying of cinnamic acid. Moreover, cinnamic acid (200 µM) spray combined with soil application nano zeolite (60 mg L− 1) decreased electrolyte leakage, transpiration rate, and malondialdehyde, while enhanced chlorophyll content, net photosynthesis rate, leaf dry matter, relative water content, fruit length and diameter, yield, and fruit quality parameters.
Modality-specific and modality-general representations of subjective value in frontal cortex
Authors: Dang Shilpa , Antono Jessica Emily , Kagan Igor , Pooresmaeili Arezoo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNeuroeconomics theories propose that the value associated with diverse rewards or reward-predicting stimuli is encoded along a common reference scale, irrespective of their sensory properties. However, in a dynamic environment with changing stimulus-reward pairings, the brain must also represent the sensory features of rewarding stimuli. The mechanism by which the brain balances these needs—deriving a common reference scale for valuation while maintaining sensitivity to sensory contexts—remains unclear. To investigate this, we conducted an fMRI study with human participants engaged in a dynamic foraging task, which required integrating the reward history of auditory or visual choice options and updating the subjective value for each sensory modality. Univariate fMRI analysis revealed modality-specific value representations in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and modality-general value representations in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), confirmed by an exploratory multivariate pattern classification approach. Crucially, modality-specific value representations were absent when the task involved instruction-based rather than value-based choices. Effective connectivity analysis showed that modality-specific value representations emerged from selective bidirectional interactions across the auditory and visual sensory cortices, the corresponding OFC clusters, and the vmPFC. These results illustrate how the brain enables a valuation process that is sensitive to the sensory context of rewarding stimuli.
YeeE-like bacterial SoxT proteins mediate sulfur import for oxidation and signal transduction
Authors: Li Jingjing , Göbel Fabienne , Hsu Hsun Yun , Koch Julian Nikolaus , Hager Natalie , Flegler Wanda Antonia , Tanabe Tomohisa Sebastian , Dahl Christiane 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMany sulfur-oxidizing prokaryotes oxidize sulfur compounds through a combination of initial extracytoplasmic and downstream cytoplasmic reactions. Facultative sulfur oxidizers adjust transcription to sulfur availability. While sulfur-oxidizing enzymes and transcriptional repressors have been extensively studied, sulfur import into the cytoplasm and how regulators sense external sulfur are poorly understood. Addressing this gap, we show that SoxT1A and SoxT1B, which resemble YeeE/YedE-family thiosulfate transporters and are encoded alongside sulfur oxidation and transcriptional regulation genes, fulfill these roles in the Alphaproteobacterium Hyphomicrobium denitrificans. SoxT1A mutants are sulfur oxidation-negative despite high transcription levels of sulfur oxidation genes, showing that SoxT1A delivers sulfur to the cytoplasm for its further oxidation. SoxT1B serves as a signal transduction unit for the transcriptional repressor SoxR, as SoxT1B mutants are sulfur oxidation-negative due to low transcription unless SoxR is also absent. Thus, SoxT1A and SoxT1B play essential but distinct roles in oxidative sulfur metabolism and its regulation.
Preferential graphitic-nitrogen formation in pyridine-extended graphene nanoribbons
Authors: Bassi Nicolò , Xu Xiushang , Xiang Feifei , Krane Nils , Pignedoli Carlo A. , Narita Akimitsu , Fasel Roman , Ruffieux Pascal 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGraphene nanoribbons (GNRs), nanometer-wide strips of graphene, have garnered significant attention due to their tunable electronic and magnetic properties arising from quantum confinement. A promising approach to manipulate their electronic characteristics involves substituting carbon with heteroatoms, such as nitrogen, with different effects predicted depending on their position. In this study, we present the extension of the edges of 7-atom-wide armchair graphene nanoribbons (7-AGNRs) with pyridine rings, achieved on a Au(111) surface via on-surface synthesis. High-resolution structural characterization confirms the targeted structure, showcasing the predominant formation of carbon-nitrogen (C-N) bonds (over 90% of the units) during growth. This favored bond formation pathway is elucidated and confirmed through density functional theory (DFT) simulations. Furthermore, an analysis of the electronic properties reveals metallic behavior due to charge transfer to the Au(111) substrate accompanied by the presence of nitrogen-localized states. Our results underscore the successful formation of C-N bonds on the metal surface, providing insights for designing new GNRs that incorporate substitutional nitrogen atoms to precisely control their electronic properties.
Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation slowdown modulates wind-driven circulations in a warmer climate
Authors: Mimi Mohima Sultana , Liu Wei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWind-driven and thermohaline circulations, two major components of global large-scale ocean circulations, are intrinsically related. As part of the thermohaline circulation, the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation has been observed and is expected to decline over the twenty-first century, potentially modulating global wind-driven circulation. Here we perform coupled climate model experiments with either a slow or steady Atlantic overturning under anthropogenic warming to segregate its effect on wind-driven circulation. We find that the weakened Atlantic overturning generates anticyclonic surface wind anomalies over the subpolar North Atlantic to decelerate the gyre circulation there. Fingerprints of overturning slowdown are evident on Atlantic western boundary currents, encompassing a weaker northward Gulf Stream and Guiana Current and a stronger southward Brazil Current. Beyond the Atlantic, the weakened Atlantic overturning causes a poleward displacement of Southern Hemisphere surface westerly winds by changing meridional gradients of atmospheric temperature, leading to poleward shifts of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and Southern Ocean meridional overturning circulations.