bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of adding the community reinforcement approach to motivational enhancement therapy for adults aged 60 years and older with DSM‐5 alcohol use disorder: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Andersen Kjeld , Behrendt Silke , Bilberg Randi , Bogenschutz Michael P. , Braun Barbara , Buehringer Gerhard , Ekstrøm Claus Thorn , Mejldal Anna , Petersen Anne Helby , Nielsen Anette Søgaard 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimTo examine whether adding the Community Reinforcement Approach for Seniors (CRA‐S) to Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET) increases the probability of treatment success in people aged ≥ 60 years with alcohol use disorder (AUD).DesignA single blind multi‐centre multi‐national randomized (1 : 1) controlled trial.SettingOut‐patient settings (municipal alcohol treatment clinics in Denmark, specialized addiction care facilities in Germany and a primary care clinic in the United States).ParticipantsBetween January 2014 and May 2016, 693 patients aged 60+ years and fulfilling DSM‐5 criteria for AUD participated in comparing MET (n = 351) and MET + CRA‐S (n = 342).Intervention and comparatorMET (comparator) included four manualized sessions aimed at increasing motivation to change and establishing a change plan. CRA‐S (intervention) consisted of up to eight further optional, manualized sessions aimed at helping patients to implement their change plan. CRA‐S included a specially designed module on coping with age and age‐related problems.MeasurementsThe primary outcome was either total alcohol abstinence or an expected blood alcohol concentration of ≤ 0.05% during the 30 days preceding the 26 weeks follow‐up (defined as success) or blood alcohol concentration of > 0.05% during the follow‐up period (defined as failure). This was assessed by self‐report using the Form 90 instrument. The main analysis involved complete cases.FindingsThe follow‐up rate at 26 weeks was 76.2% (76.9% in the MET group and 76.0% in the MET + CRA‐S group). The success rate in the MET group was 48.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 42.9–54.9%] versus 52.3% (95% CI = 46.2–58.3%) in the MET + CRA‐S group. The odds of success in the two conditions did not differ (odds ratio = 1.22. 95% CI = 0.86–1.75, P = 0.26, Bayes factor = 0.10). Sensitivity analyses involving alternative approaches to missing values did not change the results.ConclusionsIn older adults with an alcohol use disorder diagnosis, adding the ‘community reinforcement approach for seniors’ intervention to brief out‐patient motivational enhancement therapy treatment did not improve drinking outcome.
Laparoscopic totally extra‐peritoneal groin hernia repair with self‐gripping polyester mesh: a series of 780 repairs
Authors: Stavert Bethany , Chan Daniel L. , Ozmen John , Loi Ken 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundLaparoscopic groin hernia repair is an increasingly common procedure with benefits of reduced post‐operative pain and infection. Post‐operative chronic pain remains an ongoing concern in about 10% of patients. Parietex ProGrip™, a polyester self‐gripping mesh, has a theoretical benefit of avoiding tacks for mesh‐fixation. This case series reflects our long‐term experience of this technique.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective case series from November 2011 to December 2017. Patients were identified through an operative Medicare Benefits Schedule item number search. Clinical documentation was reviewed with length of stay, mesh infection, chronic pain, recurrence and re‐operation as primary data points.ResultsA total of 514 patients underwent 780 laparoscopic inguinal hernia repairs with self‐gripping polyester mesh during this period. There were 53 female (10.3%) and 461 male patients (89.7%). Unilateral hernia repair was performed in 248 patients (48.2%) and bilateral repair in 266 patients (51.8%). Almost all repairs (779, 99.8%) were primary hernias. There were no mesh infections. Four recurrences were noted (0.51%) and three of these subsequently underwent open redo‐hernia repairs (0.38%). Post‐operative follow‐up was up to 4.4 years.ConclusionsOur series of laparoscopic groin hernia repair with self‐gripping mesh demonstrate this is a safe and reliable mesh and effective technique with low recurrence rates.
Sarcopenia is an independent predictor of delayed gastric emptying following pancreaticoduodenectomy: a retrospective study
Authors: Shintakuya Ryuta , Sasaki Masaru , Nakamitsu Atsushi , Kohyama Mohei , Tazaki Tatsuya , Sugiyama Yoichi , Hirano Toshinori , Kaiki Yuki 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundThe pathogenesis of delayed gastric emptying (DGE), a common complication of pancreaticoduodenectomy, is unclear. Loss of skeletal muscle mass (sarcopenia) is associated with post‐pancreaticoduodenectomy complications; however, few studies have investigated the relationship between sarcopenia and DGE. The aim of this study was to investigate whether post‐pancreaticoduodenectomy DGE is affected by pre‐operative skeletal muscle mass.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed the data of 112 consecutive patients who had undergone pancreaticoduodenectomy and divided them into the following two groups: no DGE (n = 100) and with DGE (n = 12). Patients were stratified by quartiles according to each element of body composition. The lowest quartile for skeletal muscle mass was defined as having sarcopenia.ResultsTen and two patients had grades B and C DGE, respectively. According to univariate analysis, body mass index (P = 0.031), clinically relevant post‐operative pancreatic fistula (P < 0.001) and skeletal muscle mass (P = 0.002) were significantly associated with DGE. According to multivariate analysis, high body mass index (≥25 kg/cm2) (P = 0.005), post‐operative pancreatic fistula (P = 0.027) and low skeletal muscle mass (P = 0.004) were independently associated with DGE.ConclusionSarcopenia is an independent predictor of DGE after pancreaticoduodenectomy.
Primary immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemia: a retrospective long‐term study in 61 dogs
Authors: Weingart C , Thielemann D , Kohn B 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to describe the course of disease of dogs with primary immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemia (pIMHA) with an observation period longer than 90 days in regard to clinical signs, laboratory results and treatment response.Material and methodsClinical records between January 2003 and December 2011 were reviewed. Diagnosis of pIMHA was based on the presence of haemolytic anaemia with a packed cell volume of <0.35 L/L, a positive Coombs' test and/or erythrocyte agglutination, spherocytosis and exclusion of an underlying disease. Included were dogs which could be monitored for more than 90 days after initial presentation.ResultsSixty‐one dogs with pIMHA were included. The initial packed cell volume ranged from 0.08 to 0.30 L/L (median 0.16). Immunosuppressive treatment included prednisolone in all the cases; 32 dogs successively received cyclosporine (28), cyclophosphamide (5), leflunomide (2) or human intravenous immunoglobulins (2) in addition. In 33/61 dogs, the drugs were discontinued 67–3372 days (median 334) after beginning of therapy; in 28 dogs, the drug dosage was reduced, but not discontinued until the end of the study. Three dogs developed immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia (days 132, 156 and 680). The observation period ranged from 96 to 4147 days (median 628). A total of 22.9% (14/61) of the dogs developed a relapse after 94–3972 days (median 517). Five dogs were euthanased due to a relapse after 96–1188 days (median 628).Clinical significanceLong‐term prognosis in dogs with pIMHA is favourable. However, a relapse can occur after many years. Relapse was the most common cause of death in dogs with pIMHA that survive more than 90 days.
Combinatorial ixazomib and belinostat therapy induces NFE2L2‐dependent apoptosis in Hodgkin and T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Passero Frank C. , Ravi Dashnamoorthy , McDonald J. Tyson , Beheshti Afshin , David Kevin A. , Evens Andrew M. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryIxazomib activity and transcriptomic analyses previously established in T cell (TCL) and Hodgkin (HL) lymphoma models predicted synergistic activity for histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory combination. In this present study, we determined the mechanistic basis for ixazomib combination with the HDAC inhibitor, belinostat, in HL and TCL cells lines (ixazomib‐sensitive/resistant clones) and primary tumour cells. In ixazomib‐treated TCL and HL cells, transient inhibition followed by full recovery of proteasomal activity observed was accompanied by induction of proteasomal gene expression with NFE2L2 (also termed NRF2) as a prominent upstream regulator. Downregulation of both NFE2L2 and proteasomal gene expression (validated by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction) occurred with belinostat treatment in Jurkat and L428 cells. In addition, CRISPR/Cas9 mediated knockdown of NFE2L2 in Jurkat cells resulted in a significant decrease in cell viability with ixazomib compared with untreated control cells. Using transcriptomic and proteasomal activity evaluation of ixazomib, belinostat, or ixazomib + belinostat treated cells, we observed that NFE2L2, proteasome gene expression and functional recovery were abrogated by ixazomib + belinostat combination, resulting in synergistic drug activity in ixazomib‐sensitive and ‐resistant cell lines and primary cells. Altogether, these results suggest that the synergistic activity of ixazomib + belinostat is mediated via inhibition NFE2L2‐dependent proteasomal recovery and extended proteasomal inhibition culminating in increased cell death.
CR4056, a powerful analgesic imidazoline‐2 receptor ligand, inhibits the inflammation‐induced PKCε phosphorylation and membrane translocation in sensory neurons
Authors: Vellani Vittorio , Sabatini Chiara , Milia Chiara , Caselli Gianfranco , Lanza Marco , Letari Ornella , Rovati Lucio Claudio , Giacomoni Chiara 
Published: August 2019

Background and PurposeCR4056 is a first‐in‐class imidazoline‐2 (I2) receptor ligand characterized by potent analgesic activity in different experimental animal models of pain. In a recent phase II clinical trial, CR4056 effectively reduced pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis. In the present study, we investigated the effects of CR4056 on PKCε translocation in vitro and on PKCε activation in vivo in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons.Experimental ApproachEffects of CR4056 on bradykinin‐induced PKCε translocation were studied in rat sensory neurons by immunocytochemistry. PKCε activation was investigated by immunohistochemistry analysis of DRG from complete Freund's adjuvant‐treated animals developing local hyperalgesia. The analgesic activity of CR4056 was tested on the same animals.Key ResultsCR4056 inhibited PKCε translocation with very rapid and long‐lasting activity. CR4056 decreased hyperalgesia and phospho‐PKCε immunoreactivity in the DRG neurons innervating the inflamed paw. The effect of CR4056 on PKCε translocation was blocked by pertussis toxin, implying that the intracellular pathways involved Gi proteins. The inhibition of PKCε translocation by CR4056 was independent of the α2‐adrenoeceptor and, surprisingly, was also independent of idazoxan‐sensitive I2 binding sites. The I2 agonist 2BFI had no effect alone but potentiated the activity of low concentrations of CR4056.Conclusions and ImplicationsOur results demonstrate that CR4056 shares the ability to inhibit PKCε translocation with other analgesics. Whether the inhibition of PKCε involves binding to specific subtype(s) of I2 receptors should be further investigated. If so, this would be a new mode of action of a highly specific I2 receptor ligand.
Targeting valosin‐containing protein enhances the efficacy of radiation therapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Luo Hui , Song Hengli , Mao Ronghu , Gao Qiang , Feng Zhuo , Wang Nan , Song Shuai , Jiao Ruidi , Ni Peizan , Ge Hong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOvercoming resistance to radiation is a great challenge in cancer therapy. Here, we highlight that targeting valosin‐containing protein (VCP) improves radiation sensitivity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell lines and show the potential of using VCP as a prognosis marker in locally advanced ESCC treated with radiation therapy. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell lines with high VCP expression were treated with VCP inhibitor combined with radiotherapy. Cell proliferation, colony formation, cell death, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling were evaluated. Moreover, patients with newly diagnosed locally advanced ESCC who were treated with radiotherapy were analyzed. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of VCP. The correlation between overall survival and VCP was investigated. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells treated with VCP inhibitor and radiotherapy showed attenuated cell proliferation and colony formation and enhanced apoptosis. Further investigation showed this combined strategy activated the ER stress signaling involved in unfolded protein response, and inhibited the ER‐associated degradation (ERAD) pathway. Clinical analysis revealed a significant survival benefit in the low VCP expression group. Targeting VCP resulted in antitumor activity and enhanced the efficacy of radiation therapy in ESCC cells in vitro. Valosin‐containing protein is a promising and novel target. In patients with locally advanced ESCC who received radiotherapy, VCP can be considered as a useful prognostic indicator of overall survival. Valosin‐containing protein inhibitors could be developed for use as effective cancer therapies, in combination with radiation therapy.
Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy
Authors: Kimura Akio , Takekoshi Akira , Yoshikura Nobuaki , Nakanishi Etsuro , Shimohata Takayoshi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAutoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) astrocytopathy (GFAP‐A) was recently reported as a spectrum of autoimmune inflammatory central nervous system disorders characterized by the detection of immunoglobulin G (IgG) against GFAP in cerebrospinal fluid using tissue‐ and cell‐based testing. The most common phenotypes of GFAP‐A are meningoencephalitis with or without myelitis. Patients present with headache and fever followed by consciousness disturbance and meningeal signs. Movement disorders, ataxia, hyperreflexia and blurred vision related to optic disc edema are sometimes observed. Some patients with GFAP‐A have a neoplasm. The most commonly detected neoplasm is ovarian teratoma. Coexisting neural antibodies are also sometimes detected. N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDA‐R)‐IgG is the most common coexisting antibody, and patients with coexisting N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor‐IgG have a clinical course resembling N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor encephalitis. Lymphocytic pleocytosis lasts for several months and brain linear perivascular radial gadolinium‐enhancement patterns, an imaging hallmark of GFAP‐A, are sometimes observed. A previous neuropathological study reported inflammatory infiltrates including T‐, B‐ and plasma cells surrounding blood vessels. Although the pathophysiological mechanisms of GFAP‐A remain to be elucidated, GFAP‐specific CD8+ T cells are likely effectors of this disorder. GFAP‐A is usually corticosteroid responsive in the acute stage. However, some patients are prone to relapse or even die. In relapsed or refractory patients, the administration of oral prednisolone or a steroid‐sparing agent might be necessary. Because the timing of corticosteroid therapy might affect patient prognosis, cerebrospinal fluid GFAP‐IgG should be examined in patients with meningoencephalitis with or without myelitis who present with characteristic clinical features.
Transanal repair of rectocele: prospective assessment of functional outcome and quality of life
Authors: Tsunoda A. , Takahashi T. , Kusanagi H. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimThis study aimed to assess the functional outcome of transanal repair of rectocele using patient symptom scores and quality of life (QOL) instruments.MethodPatients who underwent transanal repair for symptomatic rectocele between February 2012 and August 2017 were included. This study was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. A standard questionnaire including the Constipation Scoring System (CSS), the Fecal Incontinence Severity Index (FISI) and QOL instruments [Patient Assessment of Constipation (PAC)‐QOL, Fecal Incontinence QOL Scale, Short‐Form 36 Health Survey (SF‐36)] was administered before and after the operation. Physiological assessment and proctography were performed before and after the operation.ResultsThirty patients were included. The median follow‐up was 36 (6–72) months. Postoperative proctography showed a reduction in rectocele size [34 mm (14–52 mm) vs 10 mm (0–28 mm), P < 0.0001]. Physiological assessment showed no significant postoperative changes. Constipation was improved in 15/21 patients (71%) at 1 year and 14/20 patients (70%) at the mid‐term follow‐up. The CSS score reduced at 3 months [12 (8–12) vs 6 (1–12), P < 0.0001] and remained significantly reduced over time until the mid‐term follow‐up. Faecal incontinence was improved in two‐thirds patients at 1 year. Four patients developed new‐onset faecal incontinence. All the PAC‐QOL scale scores significantly improved over time until 1 year, while two of the eight SF‐36 scale scores showed significant postoperative improvement.ConclusionTransanal repair for rectocele improves constipation and constipation‐specific QOL.
Soy expansion in Brazil's Cerrado
Authors: Rausch Lisa L. , Gibbs Holly K. , Schelly Ian , Brandão Amintas , Morton Douglas C. , Filho Arnaldo Carneiro , Strassburg Bernardo , Walker Nathalie , Noojipady Praveen , Barreto Paulo , Meyer Daniel 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Cerrado biome is Brazil's breadbasket and a major provider of ecosystem services, though these dual roles are increasingly at odds, in part because there are few mechanisms to protect remaining vegetation from large‐scale agricultural expansion. We assessed Cerrado conversion to soy using over 580,000 property boundaries, covering 77% of the biome that is eligible for commercial land use, and using microwatersheds, to cover 100% of eligible areas. Soy expansion accounted for 22% of conversion during 2003–14. Only 15% of clearing exceeded restrictions on private properties under the Forest Code (FC). However, 51% of soy farms have violated the FC, five times the rate of other farms. As a leading cause of both Cerrado conversion and FC violations, the soy sector has environmental and economic incentives to shift production to already cleared land. We used suitability maps to identify potential pathways for soy expansion across both old and new cropland frontiers.
Knowledge, attitudes and behaviours on tobacco, alcohol and other drugs among Nigerian secondary school students: Differences by geopolitical zones
Authors: Vigna‐Taglianti Federica , Alesina Marta , Damjanović Ljiljana , Mehanović Emina , Akanidomo Ibanga , Pwajok Juliet , Prichard Glen , van der Kreeft Peer , Virk Harsheth K. ,   the Unplugged Nigeria Coordination Group
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroduction and AimsNigeria is composed of six geopolitical zones plus one Federal Capital Territory. Differences between zones can differentially influence the adoption of risk behaviours by adolescents. This paper aims to describe the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, risk perception, skills and substance use among Nigerian secondary school students highlighting the differences by geopolitical zone.Design and MethodsThe population size of each zone was taken into account in extracting the 32 schools for the survey. The characteristics of the social environment, tobacco, alcohol and substance use, knowledge, beliefs, risk perception, attitudes, personal skills and school climate were investigated through an anonymous questionnaire.ResultsA total of 4078 adolescents participated in the survey: 5.1% reported they had smoked cigarettes at least once in their life, 33.6% drank alcohol, 13.1% experienced drunkenness, 7.5% used cannabis and 11.6% other drugs. The highest rates of alcohol use were observed in the South, whilst the use of tobacco, cannabis and other drugs was higher in the North. Knowledge about tobacco, alcohol and marijuana was quite low across all zones. Scores for self‐esteem, decision‐making and refusal skills, risk perception and beliefs were lower in the North.Discussion and ConclusionsThis study shows a high prevalence of adolescent alcohol and substance use in Nigeria. There is a need for planning and implementing evidence‐based drug education and prevention programs across the country. Prevention activities targeting adolescents could help to reduce the later life burden of disease related to use of tobacco, alcohol and other drugs.
The assessment of treatment outcomes in patients with acute viral myocarditis by speckle tracking and tissue Doppler methods
Authors: Gursu Hazım Alper , Cetin Ibrahim Ilker , Azak Emine , Kibar Ayse Esin , Surucu Murat , Orgun Ali , Pamuk Utku 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe aim was to evaluate the role of tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and speckle tracking echocardiography (STE), to identify myocardial dysfunction, and to evaluate myocardial segmental deformation in acute viral myocarditis.MethodsTwenty‐one patients and twelve healthy children were studied prospectively. The TDI and STE were performed before and after treatment. The myocardial velocities (Sm, Em, and Am) and time intervals (isovolumic contraction, isovolumic relaxation, and ejection times [ET]) at interventricular septum (IVS), left, and right ventricular basal segments were examined by TDI. The left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LVGLS) and strain rate (LVGLSR), left ventricular global circumferential strain (LVGCS) and strain rate (LVGCSR), and right ventricular global longitudinal strain (RVGLS) and strain rate (RVGLSR) were examined by STE.ResultsSm and Em at IVS and at LV, ET at IVS, ET at RV, ET at LV were significantly lower in patients before treatment than controls. LVGLS, LVGLSR, LVGCS, LVGCSR, RVGLS, RVGLSR were significantly decreased in patients before treatment than controls. There was significant improvement for LVGLS, LVGLSR, LVGCS, LVGCSR, and RVGLS in patients after treatment. Sm, Em, and Am at LV were significantly lower in patients before treatment than in patients after treatment. In spite of improvements, Sm, Em, and ET at IVS, LVGLS, LVGLSR, LVGCS, LVGCSR were significantly lower in patients after treatment than controls.ConclusionsThe TDI and STE were useful methods for detection of early myocardial dysfunction and evaluation of treatment outcomes in acute viral myocarditis.