bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Respect and its associated factors as perceived by older patients
Authors: Koskenniemi Jaana , Leino‐Kilpi Helena , Puukka Pauli , Suhonen Riitta 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo investigate older hospital patients' perceptions of respect in a patient–nurse relationship and its associated factors.BackgroundTo be cared for with respect is fundamental to ethical nursing care. However, respect has seldom been a main topic of nursing research, and few of these studies have assessed older patients' perceptions of being respected by nurses alongside associated factors.DesignA cross‐sectional, descriptive and correlational survey design.MethodsHospitalised older patients (n = 200) were interviewed using the ReSpect Scale, measuring respect within the nurse–patient relationship, the EuroQol 5D‐5L, measuring perceived health status, and the Patient Satisfaction Scale, measuring satisfaction with nursing care. Sociodemographic characteristics were also collected. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient, the t test and analysis of variance. The STROBE Statement was used for reporting this research.ResultsOlder patients reported moderate levels of perceived respect in their patient–nurse relationships. A statistically significant, strong positive correlation between patient satisfaction and their perceptions of respect was found. Poor perceived health status was also statistically significantly associated with older patients' perceptions of respect. No statistically significant associations between patients' other sociodemographic characteristics and their perceptions of respect were found.ConclusionsThe identification of factors and their associations with respect is a basic step towards theory generation. Further empirical research is needed to test the preliminary associations found in this study to further develop the current understanding of respect and its associated factors.Relevance to clinical practiceThe older patients' perceptions of respect highlighted in this study show the need for the further consideration, reflection and development of this important aspect of the relationship between patients and nurses. The identification and measurement of respect and its associated factors may help to improve respect in nursing care making it more visible in the care of older people.
Decision‐making around resuscitation of extremely preterm infants in the Philippines: A consensus guideline
Authors: Wilkinson Dominic JC , Villanueva‐Uy Maria Esterlita , Hayden Dean , McTavish James ,   PSNbM Consensus Working Group
Published: July 2019

AbstractWhile the vast majority of preterm births globally occur in low‐ and middle‐income countries, existing published guidelines relating to the decision‐making and resuscitation of extremely preterm infants (EPIs) largely focus on high‐income countries. In 2018–2019, a working group of the Philippine Society of Newborn Medicine aimed to develop the first national guideline relating to the care of EPIs. The working group reviewed data on the outcomes of EPIs in the Philippines, surveyed paediatricians and neonatologists in the Philippines about current practice and held a consensus workshop. This paper describes the guideline development process and presents a summary of the guidelines. The national guidelines endorse consistency in decision‐making. Health professionals should take into consideration the views and wishes of the infant's parents and the availability of resources to treat the newborn infant. Active management would be appropriate to provide for potentially viable preterm infants at moderate to high risk of poor outcomes, where parents have expressed their wish for this management (and where there are resources available to provide this treatment). For such infants, where parents have expressed their wish to withhold active management, palliative management would also be appropriate to provide. The guideline endorses a grey zone for neonatal resuscitation from approximately 24 to 28 weeks’ gestation in the Philippines, reflecting the context for resuscitation in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Disparities in resource availability are themselves an ethical concern for neonatologists and should be a stimulus for advocacy and improvements in health‐care delivery.
Probing the Internal Validity of the LLAMA Language Aptitude Tests
Authors: Bokander Lars , Bylund Emanuel 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOver the past decade, the LLAMA language aptitude test battery has come to play an increasingly important role as an instrument in research on individual differences in language development. However, a potentially serious problem that has been pointed out by several scholars is that the LLAMA has not yet been carefully validated. We addressed this issue by examining the internal validity of this test battery. We collected LLAMA data from 350 participants and assessed these data using classical item analysis, Rasch analysis, and principal component analysis within a framework of best practices in educational and psychological test validation. The results show that only one out of the four subtests (LLAMA B) produced scores that fit a latent trait model with sufficient accuracy. This suggests that researchers using the LLAMA battery must treat their results with appropriate carefulness and also that there is potential for refining the LLAMA further.
Rurality and Income Inequality in the United States, 1975–2015
Authors: Hertz Thomas , Silva Andrew 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRecent events have focused attention on the perceived widening of the economic divide between urban and rural areas, and on the continued rise of national income inequality. We demonstrate that, in fact, the average income gap between urban (metropolitan) and rural (nonmetropolitan) households has not risen over the past 40 years, and makes virtually no contribution to national income inequality. Rising national inequality is driven by rising inequality within both urban and rural America, not by an urban/rural divergence. As is well known, the growing dispersion of household money income is partly driven by rising wage inequality, particularly in urban areas. Less well recognized is the role played by other income sources. We show that a decline in the progressivity of the distribution of social security payments and cash transfers, and an increase in the regressivity of the distribution of retirement incomes, have jointly made a comparably large contribution to rising income inequality. At the same time, the share of income from self‐employment has declined, particularly in rural America, and because self‐employment income is very unequally distributed, its diminution has retarded the growth of rural inequality. In 2014–15, however, rural inequality increased, cutting the urban/rural inequality gap in half.
Use of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for definitive diagnosis of synthetic cannabinoid toxicity in a dog
Authors: Kelmer Efrat , Shimshoni Jakob A. , Merbl Yael , Kolski Ofer , Klainbart Sigal 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo report the use of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry to confirm a diagnosis of synthetic cannabis toxicosis in a dog and to describe the clinical course of the intoxication.Case SummaryAn 11‐year‐old neutered female Boxer dog was referred due to acute onset of vomiting, ataxia, dull mentation, and delirium that progressed to generalized seizures, unresponsive to diazepam. Prior to presentation, the dog was found lying down, minimally responsive with vomitus around it. A chewed bag containing dried plant material was found next to the dog. The dog was anesthetized and ventilated with positive pressure for 16 hours, and eventually made a full recovery. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of the plant material and a plasma sample from the dog revealed presence of the synthetic cannabinoid N‐[(1S)‐1‐(aminocarbonyl)‐2‐methylpropyl]‐1‐(cyclohexylmethyl)‐1H‐indazole‐3‐carboxamide, also known as AB‐CHMINACA, a relatively new illegal synthetic cannabinoid, known by the local forensic police department as a drug of recreational abuse.New or Unique Information ProvidedReports of synthetic cannabinoid toxicosis in dogs are scarce and are based on urine test kits for tetrahydrocannabinol that have not been validated in the veterinary literature. This is the first report to describe utilization of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry on canine plasma to reach a definitive diagnosis.
Isolating the independent effects of hypoxia and hyperventilation‐induced hypocapnia on cerebral haemodynamics and cognitive function
Authors: Friend Alexander T. , Balanos George M. , Lucas Samuel J.E. 
Published: July 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
What are the independent effects of hypoxia and hypocapnia on cerebral haemodynamics and cognitive function?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Exposure to hyperventilation‐induced hypocapnia causes cognitive impairment in both normoxia and hypoxia. In addition, supplementation of carbon dioxide during hypoxia alleviates the cognitive impairment and reverses hypocapnia‐induced vasoconstriction of the cerebrovasculature. These data provide new evidence for the independent effect of hypocapnia on the cognitive impairment associated with hypoxia.

AbstractHypoxia, which is accompanied by hypocapnia at altitude, is associated with cognitive impairment. This study examined the independent effects of hypoxia and hypocapnia on cognitive function and assessed how changes in cerebral haemodynamics may underpin cognitive performance outcomes. Single reaction time (SRT), five‐choice reaction time (CRT) and spatial working memory (SWM) tasks were completed in 20 participants at rest and after 1 h of isocapnic hypoxia (IH, end‐tidal oxygen partial pressure () = 45 mmHg, end‐tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure () clamped at normal) and poikilocapnic hypoxia (PH, = 45 mmHg, not clamped). A subgroup of 10 participants were also exposed to euoxic hypocapnia (EH, = 100 mmHg, clamped 8 mmHg below normal). Middle cerebral artery velocity (MCAv) and prefrontal cerebral haemodynamics were measured with transcranial Doppler and near infrared spectroscopy, respectively. IH did not affect SRT and CRT performance from rest (566 ± 50 and 594 ± 70 ms), whereas PH (721 ± 51 and 765 ± 48 ms) and EH (718 ± 55 and 755 ± 34 ms) slowed response times (P < 0.001 vs. IH). Performance on the SWM task was not altered by condition. MCAv increased during IH compared to PH (P < 0.05), which was unchanged from rest. EH caused a significant fall in MCAv and prefrontal cerebral oxygenation (P < 0.05 vs. baseline). MCAv was moderately correlated to cognitive performance (R2 = 0.266–0.289), whereas prefrontal cerebral tissue perfusion and saturation were not (P > 0.05). These findings reveal a role of hyperventilation‐induced hypocapnia per se on the development of cognitive impairment during normoxic and hypoxic exposures.
Impact of Neurapheresis System on Intrathecal Cerebrospinal Fluid Dynamics: A Computational Fluid Dynamics Study
Authors: Khani Mohammadreza , Sass Lucas R. , McCabe Aaron R. , Zitella Verbick Laura M. , Lad Shivanand P. , Sharp M. Keith , Martin Bryn A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
It has been hypothesized that early and rapid filtration of blood from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in postsubarachnoid hemorrhage patients may reduce hospital stay and related adverse events. In this study, we formulated a subject-specific computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to parametrically investigate the impact of a novel dual-lumen catheter-based CSF filtration system, the Neurapheresis™ system (Minnetronix Neuro, Inc., St. Paul, MN), on intrathecal CSF dynamics. The operating principle of this system is to remove CSF from one location along the spine (aspiration port), externally filter the CSF routing the retentate to a waste bag, and return permeate (uncontaminated CSF) to another location along the spine (return port). The CFD model allowed parametric simulation of how the Neurapheresis system impacts intrathecal CSF velocities and steady–steady streaming under various Neurapheresis flow settings ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 ml/min and with a constant retentate removal rate of 0.2 ml/min simulation of the Neurapheresis system were compared to a lumbar drain simulation with a typical CSF removal rate setting of 0.2 ml/min. Results showed that the Neurapheresis system at a maximum flow of 2.0 ml/min increased average steady streaming CSF velocity 2× in comparison to lumbar drain (0.190 ± 0.133 versus 0.093 ± 0.107 mm/s, respectively). This affect was localized to the region within the Neurapheresis flow loop. The mean velocities introduced by the flow loop were relatively small in comparison to normal cardiac-induced CSF velocities.
Low- and High-Temperature Primary Resonance in Shape Memory Oscillator Observed by Multiple Time Scales and Harmonic Balance Method
Authors: Weremczuk Andrzej , Rekas Joanna , Rusinek Rafal 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This paper focuses on the primary resonance of a one degree-of-freedom (1DOF) oscillator with a spring made of shape memory alloy (SMA). The primary resonance is analyzed using the multiple time scales method (MTSM) and the harmonic balance method (HBM). The shape memory spring is described by a fifth-order polynomial function. The solutions are analyzed along with the results reported by another authors, and compared with numerical simulations. Three ranges of temperature are analyzed. Finally, the practical implementation aspect of the harmonic balance and MTSMs are discussed.
User-Oriented Augmented Reality Content Delivery and Management for Ubiquitous Manufacturing
Authors: Li W. K. , Ong S. K. , Nee A. Y. C. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Ubiquitous manufacturing provides users with advanced control over the physical manufacturing environment. Ubiquitous augmented reality (UAR) interface enables direct manipulation in an environment containing smart objects. This paper describes a framework for implementing augmented reality (AR) in a ubiquitous manufacturing environment. The proposed system makes use of real-time data captured from client machines to update and manage AR contents. Ubiquitous augmented reality is utilized as a user interface for the client users to receive instructions and guidance from the system and to update the system on task parameters. A review of related work, and the framework, methodology, and implementation of the proposed system, and a case study are presented in this paper to demonstrate the UAR content delivery and update.
Comparative Study of Creep Behavior in 9Cr-1Mo Steel With Different Prediction Methods
Authors: Zhu Lin , Liu Xinbao , Fan Ping , Liu Jianqiu , Pan Chengfei 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Over the range of variables (temperature and stress) normally encountered in service applications, creep behaviors of 9Cr-1Mo steel were investigated with various models, such as Wilshire model, combination of exponential form and omega (CEO) model, and continuum damage mechanics (CDM) model. First, a series of short-term creep data was prepared to evaluate the material parameters occurring in these models. Then, creep curve, minimum creep rate, and long-term creep life of present 9Cr-1Mo steel were extrapolated with these estimated models. Based on the analysis of obtained results in detail, it suggested that both CDM model and CEO model can give reliable minimum creep rate predictions. However, the most reliable values of long-term creep life are obtained by the CDM model, followed by the Wilshire model and then the CEO model. In particular, the physically based CDM model can provide useful insights into the underlying creep mechanisms. Therefore, the CDM model has promising potential to study the long-term creep behaviors of 9Cr-1Mo steels.
Experimental Study on Non-Pulverized Wood Biomass Combustion With a New Three-Way Swirling Combustion Cyclone Combustor
Authors: Choe Kangil , Lee Yangho , Lee Soongul , Weedon Michael 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
An experimental study presents a new innovative cyclone combustor, known as the three-way swirling combustion (TSC), utilizing non-pulverized wood biomass. The study shows that the combustor reached near-complete combustion, as evident in the measurements of CO and NOx emissions, and the excess air ratio. It also demonstrates the unique features of the TSC combustor, which includes an air curtain insulation effect with a high ash removal rate that reduces clinker and slag formation, alongside a chamber that does not need a refractory brick. It compares against conventional combustion technology, such as the stoker and the fluidized bed in terms of the amount of emission gases, maximum temperature, and excessive air ratio. Six geometrical and operational design criteria of the TSC for wood biomass combustion are identified for future work of design optimization. Ultimately, the implementation of the TSC for non-pulverized wood biomass and possibly for other biomass holds great potential for economically and technically beneficial incineration and power generation.
Using Complementary Techniques of ICDA and ILI for Assessing the Integrity of an Offshore/Onshore SPM Crude Pipeline
Authors: Baniah Bidyut B. , Khera Ashish 
Published: July 2019

When a single source based crude oil feeder ‘difficult-to-pig’ pipeline runs through a highly sensitive marine national park, the Operator is challenged with the dilemma of how to assure the integrity of the pipeline with the limited options that are available.
After ten (10) years of service, in 2015, an Indian Operator chose to assess the time dependent threat of internal corrosion on their difficult-to-pig offshore (SPM) to onshore (Tank Farm) crude oil pipeline by utilizing the NACE SP0208-2008 Standard for Liquid-Petroleum Internal Corrosion Direct Assessment (ICDA). This methodology was already recommended by ASME B31.8S as one (1) of the three (3) options for assessing integrity of a pipeline. Only a year earlier, in 2014 – the Indian regulators, Oil Industry Safety Directorate (OISD) had also brought the technique of ICDA within its regulatory framework for Operators as a credible option to assess integrity of pipelines that are difficult to pig and/or un-piggable.
This paper discusses on the findings of the ICDA program that forced the Operator to accelerate their integrity program for the subject pipeline and perform specialised In-line Inspection (ILI) in 2018. The paper also compares the results obtained from the non-intrusive predictive based ICDA program Vs. the ILI measured data.
This paper will be useful for Operators to understand the complementary nature of ICDA with ILI and provide guidance on how combination of these two (2) pipeline integrity tools not only identify the locations at which internal corrosion activity has already occurred but also answers the questions on why it occurred and how would it be mitigated?
The Operator managed to assure the integrity of their “difficult-to-pig” pipeline by timely utilisation of the integrity validation tools of ICDA and ILI. By doing this they were able to prevent the occurrence of any catastrophe that may result in an environmental, and subsequently an economic disaster.
Channel profiles through the active thrust front of the southern Barbados prism
Authors: Huyghe Pascale , Foata Michel , Deville Eric , Mascle Georges , Group Caramba Working 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSubmarine channels of the Orinoco River were analyzed using high-quality, dense- coverage bathymetric and seismic data provided by a recent marine survey on the southern Barbados prism. Analysis of the syntectonic sediments on seismic profiles shows that the four to five frontmost structures show evidence of recent tectonic movement. Slope analysis of the major channels was performed. From their headwaters to domains of little or no active tectonics, the channels display <0.2% slope and form levees. Slope and incision increase gradually in domains of moderate tectonics, but deep canyons with ∼2% mean slope form where the channels cross the active frontal folds of the prism. Detailed correlation between the active structures, their geometry, and canyon slope suggest that systematic variations in channel gradient highlight variations in substrate uplift rate. Steep slopes induced by uplift accelerate sediment flow and enhance incision. Nonetheless, such slope analysis is subject to complications introduced by variations in sediment flux and transient erosional conditions.
Deformed streams reveal growth and linkage of a normal fault array in the Canyonlands graben, Utah
Authors: Commins Deirdre , Gupta Sanjeev , Cartwright Joseph 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We use the deformation of streams by the growth of active normal faults within the Canyonlands graben of southeastern Utah to constrain the displacement evolution of a fault array during segment interaction and linkage. Coupling fault displacement data with geomorphic analysis of present-day streams and paleostreams permits sequential reconstruction of a three-segment fault array from initial component segments to its final displacement geometry. Our results show that although segment interaction causes enhanced displacement addition at overlap zones, postlinkage displacement accumulation is significant and permits array equilibration to a displacement-length ratio characteristic of a single fault. Evidence of stream disequilibrium indicates that this postlinkage displacement addition was rapid compared to that during the fault interaction phase.
Terrestrial-marine carbon cycle coupling in ∼500-m.y.-old phosphatic brachiopods
Authors: Cowan Clinton A. , Fox David L. , Runkel Anthony C. , Saltzman Matthew R. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Carbon isotope compositions (δ13C) of inarticulate brachiopod shells from Upper Cambrian sandstone in the cratonic interior of Laurentia record a 5‰ positive excursion that correlates biostratigraphically with the global Steptoean positive isotopic carbon excursion. A consistent 6‰ negative displacement in brachiopod δ13C relative to carbonate values is interpreted to represent an onshore-offshore gradient in the isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon in Cambrian seawater. Thus, these ∼500-m.y.-old chitinophosphatic brachiopod shells preserve evidence for carbon cycle coupling between the ancient atmospheric, oceanic, and terrestrial reservoirs in the time before embryophytic land plants.
Scoria cone construction mechanisms, Lathrop Wells volcano, southern Nevada, USA
Authors: Valentine Greg A. , Krier Don , Perry Frank V. , Heiken Grant 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Scoria cones are commonly assumed to have been constructed by the accumulation of ballistically ejected clasts from discrete, relatively coarse-grained Strombolian bursts and subsequent avalanching such that the cone slopes are at or near the angle of repose for loose scoria. The cone at the hawaiitic Lathrop Wells volcano, southern Nevada, contains deposits that are consistent with these processes during early cone-building phases; these early deposits are composed mainly of coarse lapilli and fluidal bombs and are partially welded, indicating relatively little cooling during flight. However, the bulk of the cone is composed of relatively fine-grained (ash and lapilli) planar beds with no welding, even within a few tens of meters of the vent. This facies is consistent with deposition by direct fallout from sustained eruption columns of relatively well-fragmented material, primarily mantling cone slopes and with a lesser degree of avalanching than is commonly assumed. A laterally extensive fallout deposit (as much as 20 km from the vent) is inferred to have formed contemporaneously with these later cone deposits. This additional mechanism for construction of scoria cones may also be important at other locations, particularly where the magmas are relatively high in volatile content and where conditions promote the formation of abundant microlites in the rising mafic magma.