bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yield of peritoneal cytology in staging patients with gastric and gastroesophageal cancer
Authors: Allen Casey J. , Newhook Timothy E. , Vreeland Timothy J. , Das Prajnan , Minsky Bruce D. , Blum Mariela , Song Shumei , Ajani Jaffer , Ikoma Naruhiko , Mansfield Paul F. , Roy‐Chowdhuri Sinchita , Badgwell Brian D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundGuidelines for gastric and gastroesophageal (GE) cancer recommend staging laparoscopy (SL) with peritoneal cytology (PC). However, the reliability of PC is unknown. The primary purpose of this study was to determine the sensitivity of PC.MethodsWe analyzed a prospectively maintained database of patients who underwent SL and PC for gastric and GE cancer. Test sensitivity of PC for detecting peritoneal disease was assessed. Survival analyses were used to examine the implication of PC.ResultsThere were 1186 patients that underwent SL and PC; 282 (24%) were found with carcinomatosis. PC was analyzed in 214 (76%) of these patients and 77 (36%) were found to have no malignant cells. In this setting, PC had a sensitivity of 64% for confirming peritoneal disease. Those with peritoneal disease had a poorer 5‐year overall survival (5.8% vs 37.7%; P < .001). Those with positive PC without carcinomatosis had a similar survival to those with gross disease with and without cytological confirmation (both P > .05).ConclusionsPC has limited sensitivity for detecting peritoneal disease. Positive PC alone carries a similar poor survival as in patients with gross carcinomatosis. Improvements in the identification of microscopic disease in peritoneal washings are needed.
Increases in aridity lead to drastic shifts in the assembly of dryland complex microbial networks
Authors: Delgado‐Baquerizo Manuel , Doulcier Guilhem , Eldridge David J. , Stouffer Daniel B. , Maestre Fernando T. , Wang Juntao , Powell Jeff R. , Jeffries Thomas C. , Singh Brajesh K. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe have little information on how and why soil microbial community assembly will respond to predicted increases in aridity by the end of this century. Here, we used correlation networks and structural equation modeling to assess the changes in the abundance of the ecological clusters including potential winner and loser microbial taxa associated with predicted increases in aridity. To do this, we conducted a field survey in an environmental gradient from eastern Australia and obtained information on bacterial and fungal community composition for 120 soil samples and multiple abiotic and biotic factors. Overall, our structural equation model explained 83% of the variance in the two mesic modules. Increases in aridity led to marked shifts in the abundance of the two major microbial modules found in our network, which accounted for >99% of all phylotypes. In particular, the relative abundance of one of these modules, the Mesic Module #1, which was positively related to multiple soil properties and plant productivity, declined strongly with aridity. Conversely, the relative abundance of a second dominant module (Xeric Module #2) was positively correlated with increases in aridity. Our study provides evidence that network analysis is a useful tool to identify microbial taxa that are either winners or losers under increasing aridity and therefore potentially under changing climates. Our work further suggests that climate change, and associated land degradation, could potentially lead to extensive microbial phylotypes exchange and local extinctions, as demonstrated by the reductions of up to 97% in the relative abundance of microbial taxa within Mesic Module #1.
Afforestation and agroforestry enhance soil nutrient status and carbon sequestration capacity in eastern China
Authors: Guo Jing , Wang Bo , Wang Guibin , Wu Yaqiong , Cao Fuliang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAfforestation and agroforestry both sequester atmospheric carbon (C) and store C in the soil. However, the response of soil nutrients and soil organic carbon (SOC) to these practices has not been fully examined, especially in deep soil layers. We therefore investigated the effects of afforestation and agroforestry on the nutrient contents and organic carbon (OC) stocks within a 100‐cm depth in eastern China. The soil nutrient contents and stoichiometry as well as the SOC contents and stocks exhibited different vertical patterns and varied among the five planting systems. The total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and SOC contents decreased dramatically at a 20‐cm depth, and the total potassium (TK) content exhibited a different pattern. Compared with adjacent croplands and nurseries, the forest plantation and agroforestry systems had higher SOC stocks, ranging from 42.9 to 111.6 t·hm−2 in the whole soil profile. The SOC distribution among the depth gradient varied among planting systems, and the topsoil SOC stocks played crucial roles in total SOC storage within a depth of 100 cm in the cropland and nursery systems. The soil pH and bulk density (BD) were negatively correlated with the SOC content, and a significant positive linear relationship occurred between the TN and SOC contents and between the TP and SOC contents. We recommend that combinations of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers would benefit SOC storage and improve stabilization in agroforestry and plantation systems.
Identification of histone acetylation markers in human fetal brains and increased H4K5ac expression in neural tube defects
Authors: Li Dan , Wan Chunlei , Bai Baoling , Cao Haiyan , Liu Changyun , Zhang Qin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundNeural tube defects (NTDs) are severe common birth defects that result from a failure in neural tube closure (NTC). Our previous study has shown that decreased histone methylation altered the regulation of genes linked to NTC. However, the effect of alterations in histone acetylation in human fetuses with NTDs, which are another functional posttranslation modification, remains elusive. Thus, we aimed to identify acetylation sites and changes in histone in patients with NTDs.MethodsFirst, we identified histone acetylation sites between control human embryonic brain tissue and NTDs using Nano‐HPLC‐MS/MS. Next, we evaluated the level of histone acetylation both groups via western blotting (WB). Finally, we used LC‐ESI‐MS and WB to compare whether histone H4 acetylation was different in NTDs.ResultsA total of 43 histone acetylation sites were identified in human embryonic brain tissue, which included 16 novel sites. Furthermore, we found an increased histone acetylation and H4K5ac in tissue with NTDs.ConclusionOur result present a comprehensive map of histone H4 modifications in the human fetal brain. Furthermore, we provide experimental evidence supporting a relationship between histone H4K5ac and NTDs. This offers a new insight into the pathological role of histone modifications in human NTDs.
Computational modeling of hydrogel cross‐linking based on reaction‐diffusion theory
Authors: Hajikhani Aidin , Marino Michele , Wriggers Peter 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAlginate‐based hydrogel is widely used as bio‐ink in 3D bioprinting. For producing the bio‐ink and stabilizing the polymer network, the hydrogel shall undergo a gelation process which can be obtained by adding an ionic cross‐linker agent, such as Calcium ions for alginate. The diffusion of the crosslinker in the alginate stabilizes the polymeric network thanks to the reaction of Calcium ions with alginate monomers. This work presents a reaction‐diffusion computational model of the gelation mechanism in alginate hydrogels. The coupled chemical system is solved using finite element discretizations considering the inhomogeneous evolution of the gelation process in time and space.
Method of operating a GIS‐based autopilot drone to inspect ultrahigh voltage power lines and its field tests
Authors: Park Joon‐Young , Kim Seok‐Tae , Lee Jae‐Kyung , Ham Ji‐Wan , Oh Ki‐Yong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe drone‐based inspection process on power transmission lines needs to be automated due to the large scale of power facilities and the limited line of sight available to drone pilots. Through the task environment analysis, however, it was found that the steel tower structure and energized AC power conductors may cause GPS signal distortion and magnetic interference with a drone's geomagnetic sensor, respectively. These factors could seriously affect the drone's autopilot flight, at worst leading to a crash. To enable drone inspections to be performed in a safe and efficient manner, this paper presents the entire process of operating an autopilot inspection drone on the basis of GPS and GIS information in a hazardous ultrahigh voltage environment, and its application results in the field. This process includes how to measure GPS co‐ordinates of steel towers and how to generate an autopilot flight path. More specifically, the paper examines the potential problems that may occur when drones are applied to areas located in mountains and rivers where humans cannot inspect power lines due to a lack of accessibility, and proposes effective solutions to these practical issues.
Photoactivated Trifunctional Platinum Nanobiotics for Precise Synergism of Multiple Antibacterial Modes
Authors: Deng Tian , Zhao Hao , Shi Miusi , Qiu Yun , Jiang Shuting , Yang Xiangliang , Zhao Yanbing , Zhang Yufeng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntegrating multiple strategies of antibacterial mechanisms into one has been proven to have tremendous promise for improving antimicrobial efficiency. Hence, dual‐valent platinum nanoparticles (dvPtNPs) with a zero‐valent platinum core (Pt0) and bi‐valent platinum shell (Pt2+ ions), combining photothermal and photodynamic therapy, together with “chemotherapy,” emerge as spatiotemporally light‐activatable platinum nano‐antibiotics. Under near‐infrared (NIR) exposure, the multiple antibacterial modes of dvPtNPs are triggered. The Pt0 core reveals significant hyperthermia via effective photothermal conversion while an immediate release of chemotherapeutic Pt2+ ions occurs through hyperthermia‐initiated destabilization of metallic interactions, together with reactive oxygen species (ROS) level increase, thereby resulting in synergistic antibacterial effects. The precise cooperative effects between photothermal, photodynamic, and Pt2+ antibacterial effects are achieved on both Gram‐negative Escherichia coli and Gram‐positive methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus, where bacterial viability and colony‐forming units are significantly reduced. Moreover, similar results are observed in mice subcutaneous abscess models. Significantly, after NIR treatment, dvPtNP exhibits a more robust bacteria‐killing efficiency than other PtNP groups, owing to its integration of dramatic damage to the bacterial membrane and DNA, and alteration to ATP and ROS metabolism. This study broadens the avenues for designing and synthesizing antibacterial materials with higher efficiency.
Glossary of Sources
Authors: Bischoff Max-Quentin , Bruch Julia , Ewert Ulf Christian , Huang Angela , Köhler Stephan , Kypta Ulla , Müller Ulrich , Petersen Niels , Scholl Christian , Skambraks Tanja , Steinbach Sebastian , Hitz Benjamin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis glossary provides a concise overview of all the sources used in the reviewed sample studies (see Chaps. 6, 7 and 8). The variety of sources analysed in studies on premodern economy is large: historiographical texts, artefacts, archaeological sources, legal sources, administrative and business documents as well as letters, theological texts and databases are among them, showing how close the economy is interconnected with all parts of society. Eight main categories structure the different entries. Each entry provides a concise definition of one type of source, as well as some generalised information on its form, structure and content. Each entry also summarises the sources’ usefulness and value for research. In many cases, we also name edited examples in order to help our readers to look for specific and informative source material if interested in certain types of sources.
Algorithmic construction of SYM multiparticle superfields in the BCJ gauge
Authors: Bridges Elliot , Mafra Carlos R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe write down closed formulas for all necessary steps to obtain multiparticle super Yang-Mills superfields in the so-called BCJ gauge. The superfields in this gauge have obvious applications in the quest for finding BCJ-satisfying representations of amplitudes. As a benefit of having these closed formulas, we identify the explicit finite gauge transformation responsible for attaining the BCJ gauge. To do this, several combinatorial maps on words are introduced and associated identities rigorously proven.
Organ dose and total effective dose of whole-body CT in multiple myeloma patients
Authors: Hemke Robert , Yang Kai , Husseini Jad , Bredella Miriam A. , Simeone F. Joseph 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate organ dose and total effective dose of whole-body low-dose CT (WBLDCT) performed on different CT-scanner models in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and to compare it to the effective dose of radiographic skeletal survey and representative diagnostic CTs.

Material and methods
We retrospectively analyzed data from 228 patients (47.4% females, mean age 67.9 ± 10.4 years, mean weight 81.8 ± 22.4 kg) who underwent WBLDCT for the work-up or surveillance of MM. Patients were scanned using one of six multi-detector CT-scanners. Organ doses and total effective doses per scan were calculated using a commercially available dose-management platform (Radimetrics, Bayer Healthcare, Leverkusen, Germany). The median effective dose was compared to radiographic skeletal survey and representative diagnostic CTs.

Results
The mean effective dose of our WBLDCT-protocol was 4.82 mSv. A significantly higher effective dose was observed in females compared to males (4.95 vs. 4.70 mSv, P = 0.002). Mean organ dose ranged from 3.72 mSv (esophagus) to 13.09 mSv (skeleton). Mean effective dose varied amongst different CT-scanners (range 4.34–8.37 mSv). The median effective dose of WBLDCT was more than twice the dose of a skeletal survey (4.82 vs. 2.04 mSv), 23% higher than a diagnostic contrast-enhanced chest CT (3.9 mSv), 46% lower than a diagnostic contrast-enhanced abdomen/pelvis CT (9.0 mSv), and 45% lower than a lumbar spine CT (8.7 mSv).

Conclusions
WBLDCT in MM has a higher effective dose than a radiographic skeletal survey, but a lower effective dose than diagnostic CTs of lumbar spine, abdomen and pelvis. This underlines the broad applicability of WBLDCT in the management of MM patients.
Differentiated thyroid cancer patients potentially benefitting from postoperative I-131 therapy: a review of the literature of the past decade
Authors: Verburg Frederik A. , Flux Glenn , Giovanella Luca , van Nostrand Douglas , Muylle Kristoff , Luster Markus 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Since the last major review of literature on the benefit of I-131 therapy, the continued debate on postoperative radioiodine treatment (RIT) in differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) has led to a number of further studies being published on this topic.

Aim
The aim of the present paper is to report the results of an updated structured review of the literature pertaining to the prognostic benefits of postoperative RIT in DTC in terms of recurrence-free and disease-specific survival.

Methods
A systematic search of the literature was performed using the Medline and Cochrane Library database. The search period started in August 2007 and ended on December 6, 2017. Search terms used included “differentiated thyroid cancer” and “radioiodine therapy” amended by specific terms for recurrence/disease-free survival or overall and/or cancer-specific survival. Included in the search were systematic reviews, randomized clinical trials, or cohort studies consisting of both patients who underwent postoperative RIT and patients treated by surgery alone.

Results
Eleven retrospective cohort studies met the defined inclusion criteria and were included in the present review. Results of the studies were mixed, with some showing a benefit of RIT even in microcarcinoma whereas others showed no benefit at all.

Conclusion
Literature published in the last decade offers data that support adjuvant postoperative RIT in DTC patients with a tumor diameter exceeding 1 cm. Therefore, at least until randomized prospective studies prove otherwise, the prescription of adjuvant I-131 treatment to all DTC patients with a primary tumor diameter exceeding 1 cm remains a reasonable option.
Expectations of nursing personnel and physicians on dementia training
Authors: Schneider Julia , Gkioka Mara , Papagiannopoulos Sotirios , Moraitou Despina , Metz Brigitte , Tsolaki Magdalini , Kruse Andreas , Teichmann Birgit 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background
The number of dementia training programs in hospital settings is steadily increasing. The way training sessions are designed influences the way the learning content is implemented in practice. To develop a successful training it is important to meet the needs of the target group; however, not much is known about staff preferences and expectations relevant to future dementia training programs in hospitals in Germany and Greece.

Objective
The aim of this survey was to explore staff training needs relevant to the topic of dementia, in general hospitals in Germany and Greece. This study analyzed the interests of staff members, preferences and expectations with respect to dementia training.

Material and methods
This was a descriptive survey based on a 54-item questionnaire conducted with 61 nursing staff, head nurses and physicians (Germany: n = 25, Greece: n = 36) recruited from 5 hospitals (Germany: n = 3, Greece: n = 2). Parts of the questionnaire explored participants’ previous education regarding dementia and their expectations towards future dementia programs.

Results
Although staff attendance in educative programs was high in the last 5 years for both countries, participation in dementia training programs was low (Germany 24%, Greece 5.5%). Additionally, the great majority of participants were willing to be trained in future dementia training programs (Germany 96%, Greece 100%). Employees from both countries expect increased clinical skills as a result of participation in such training programs. In Greece, staff members hope for better handling of people with dementia, while in Germany, concrete practical advice is preferred.

Conclusion
There seems to be a strong willingness to participate in further dementia training programs where not only theoretical knowledge is provided but also practical advice.
The protective effect of hydroxyethyl starch solution on the glycocalyx layer in an acute hemorrhage mouse model
Authors: Uzawa Kohji , Ushiyama Akira , Mitsuda Shingo , Ando Tadao , Sawa Marie , Miyao Hideki , Yorozu Tomoko 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Purpose
Fluid therapy focused on glycocalyx (GCX) protection in hemorrhagic shock is a current focus of research. Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solution is commonly used for fluid resuscitation; however, its effects on the GCX remain unclear. The primary aim of this study was to explore the protective effect of HES130 in maintaining GCX thickness and reducing plasma syndecan-1 expression.

Methods
An acute hemorrhage murine model with the dorsal skin chambers was used to measure GCX thickness and to evaluate vascular permeability. Groups of mice were treated with normal saline (NS), albumin (NS-A), HES130 (NS-V), or no exsanguination or infusion (C). We measured syndecan-1 plasma concentrations, performed blood gas analysis, and analyzed the 7-day cumulative mortality.

Results
GCX thickness in NS mice was significantly reduced compared to that in group C, but no other groups showed a difference compared to group C. The plasma concentration of syndecan-1 was significantly higher in NS mice than in group C. There were no significant differences in the fluorescence intensity of dextran in the interstitial space. HES70 leakage was suppressed in NS-V mice compared to those in other groups. HES70 was localized to the inner vessel wall in C, NS, and NS-A mice, but not in group NS-V. Blood gas analysis indicated that pH and lactate showed the greatest improvements in NS-V mice. The 7-day cumulative mortality rate was the highest in group NS.

Conclusion
Resuscitation with HES130 protected the GCX and suppressed vascular permeability of HES70 during early stages of acute massive hemorrhage.
Delivery Strategies for Skin: Comparison of Nanoliter Jets, Needles and Topical Solutions
Authors: Cu Katharina , Bansal Ruchi , Mitragotri Samir , Fernandez Rivas David 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDrug diffusion within the skin with a needle-free micro-jet injection (NFI) device was compared with two well-established delivery methods: topical application and solid needle injection. A permanent make-up (PMU) machine, normally used for dermal pigmentation, was utilized as a solid needle injection method. For NFIs a continuous wave (CW) laser diode was used to create a bubble inside a microfluidic device containing a light absorbing solution. Each method delivered two different solutions into ex vivo porcine skin. The first solution consisted of a red dye (direct red 81) and rhodamine B in water. The second solution was direct red 81 and rhodamine B in water and glycerol. We measured the diffusion depth, width and surface area of the solutions in all the injected skin samples. The NFI has a higher vertical dispersion velocity of 3 × 105μm/s compared to topical (0.1 μm/s) and needle injection (53 μm/s). The limitations and advantages of each method are discussed, and we conclude that the micro-jet injector represents a fast and minimally invasive injection method, while the solid needle injector causes notable tissue damage. In contrast, the topical method had the slowest diffusion rate but causes no visible damage to the skin.
Are You on My Wavelength? Interpersonal Coordination in Dyadic Conversations
Authors: Hale Joanna , Ward Jamie A. , Buccheri Francesco , Oliver Dominic , Hamilton Antonia F. de C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Conversation between two people involves subtle nonverbal coordination in addition to speech. However, the precise parameters and timing of this coordination remain unclear, which limits our ability to theorize about the neural and cognitive mechanisms of social coordination. In particular, it is unclear if conversation is dominated by synchronization (with no time lag), rapid and reactive mimicry (with lags under 1 s) or traditionally observed mimicry (with several seconds lag), each of which demands a different neural mechanism. Here we describe data from high-resolution motion capture of the head movements of pairs of participants (n = 31 dyads) engaged in structured conversations. In a pre-registered analysis pathway, we calculated the wavelet coherence of head motion within dyads as a measure of their nonverbal coordination and report two novel results. First, low-frequency coherence (0.2–1.1 Hz) is consistent with traditional observations of mimicry, and modeling shows this behavior is generated by a mechanism with a constant 600 ms lag between leader and follower. This is in line with rapid reactive (rather than predictive or memory-driven) models of mimicry behavior, and could be implemented in mirror neuron systems. Second, we find an unexpected pattern of lower-than-chance coherence between participants, or hypo-coherence, at high frequencies (2.6–6.5 Hz). Exploratory analyses show that this systematic decoupling is driven by fast nodding from the listening member of the dyad, and may be a newly identified social signal. These results provide a step towards the quantification of real-world human behavior in high resolution and provide new insights into the mechanisms of social coordination.