bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparing 21st Century Teachers: Implementation of 4C Character’s Pre-Service Teacher through Teaching Practice
Authors: Astuti Andari Puji , Aziz Abdul , Sumarti Sri Susilogati , Bharati Dwi Anggani Linggar 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe implementation of education in the 21st century has a different direction compared to the previous century. Education in the 21st century is expected to produce outcomes for students who are ready to enter the post-industrial era (industrial revolution 4.0). The direction of education in the 21st century is no longer holding education aimed at preparing people in a simple, static / linear, and predictable world. The characteristics and demands of the 21st century above produce four learning characters of 21st century, namely: (1). Critical Thinking and Problem Solving; (2) Creativity and Innovation; (3) Communication; (4) Collaboration. For this reason, pre-service and in-service teachers are expected to be able to create learning with HOTS (High Order Thinking Skills) outputs. the topic of this research is how to prepare 21st century teachers in terms of the 4C characters, especially for pre-service teachers.
Design of an extrusion machine for the manufacture of plastic tubes
Authors: García-León R A , Bohorquez-Niño A , Barbosa-Paredes J F 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Currently in Colombia in the northern region of Santander, exist a large number of farmers who grow different agricultural products and require more appropriate irrigation systems hoses, but due to the high demand, local manufacturers do not meet the requirements and in many cases the hoses are brought from other parts of the country bringing higher costs. In the present work, the design of a prototype plastic extrusion machine for hose producers in the province of Ocaña was carried out. The development of the research was carried out through the execution of mathematical calculations with the support of specialized bibliographic material and a Finite Element Analysis with help of SolidWorks Simulation Software, where the geometric model of the machine in order to identify the elements subjected to maximum of efforts. The results obtained show that the prototype will be in charge of producing 1/2, 3/4 and 1 inch. In conclusion the prototype works in adequate conditions always ensuring high levels of safety and operation; Moreover, the machine will be low cost to promote growth and competitive capacity of hose producers, as a solution to the problems based on competitiveness, working conditions and resources economic.
Digital album with augmented reality: Francisco de Paula Santander Ocaña University botanic garden “Jorge Enrique Quintero Arenas”
Authors: Rico-Bautista D W , Barrientos-Avendaño E , Cuesta-Quintero F R , Areniz-Arevalo Y , Coronel-Rojas L A , Londoño-Torrado D A , Amaya-Amaya E 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Francisco de Paula Santander Ocaña University has a botanic garden. The University Botanic Garden Jorge Enrique Quintero Arenas was created with the mission of preserving the dry forest ecosystem and the types of vegetation and flora present in the northeast of Colombia, providing adequate spaces for research and environmental education. From new technologies that can be integrated without affecting the environment and generate various changes in the way of learning, solutions are proposed for continuous improvement, which in the end is done in favor of sustainability, quality of life and a smart botanic garden. This paper presents the results of the software prototype, whose purpose is to make known all the biodiversity that is available. It was done through a digital album applying augmented reality, where those interested will find the different species with their relevant information.
Effect of turbulence model on flameless combustion simulation of a regenerative furnace
Authors: Yepes H A , Amell A A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The high energy consumes have generated the need of developing higher efficiency devices, in this sense flameless combustion is a great alternative. The design of flameless combustion systems by means of Computational Flow Dynamics simulation is an alternative value to reduce costs, however it required an adequate model selection. In the present study a capability evaluation of standard and realizable versions of k-e turbulence model was carried out. Experimental measurements of temperature and chemical species were performed in combustion chamber of a regenerative furnace in order to compare this with numerical data and in this way determinate the performance and the incidence of the selected models. The realizable version shows better results regarding at changes of flow direction and recirculation patterns inside the furnace.
Comparative study of costs for reinforced concrete portico buildings designed with different degrees of seismic performance
Authors: Cáceres J R , Márquez J F , Rojas J P 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The Colombian regulation of earthquake resistant construction NSR-10 establishes that the seismic-resistant capacity of a building must be classified according to three degrees of energy dissipation: Special energy dissipation, moderate energy dissipation and minimum energy dissipation. The dimensioning and detailing requirements for structural elements that are demanded according to each grade depend on the need to withstand earthquakes in the inelastic range according to the seismic hazard zone in which the structure is located. This work presents an analysis of the incidence of the requirements of each degree of energy dissipation on the costs of multi-storey building structures. For this, the structural analysis and design of four building configurations (2, 3, 4 and 5 floors) for each minimum energy dissipation, moderate energy dissipation, and special energy dissipation grade has been carried out and the quantities of work with their respective total cost have been determined. As a general conclusion, it can be stated that the cost of building a structure that has special energy dissipation capacity for a given building can be twice that of a structure that has minimum energy dissipation capacity for the same building. On the other hand, it was observed that in order to guarantee a rigidity comparable to that of the other models analyzed, the system of reinforced concrete portal resistant to moments for DES level requires large column dimensions in the case of buildings of four or more floors, which suggests that other types of more efficient elements should be used in the vertical seismic resistance system.
Investigation of hydrodynamic features in two-stage steam-air-blown entrained-flow gasifier
Authors: Abaimov N A , Butakov E B , Burdukov A P , Ryzhkov A F 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The goal of the work is to study the hydrodynamics features of media movement in IT SB RAS two-stage steam-air-blown entrained-flow gasifier. Analysis of the data obtained using the verified CFD model based on the results of the experiments showed that the conversion process in the mode proceeds in three phases, the localization of which depends on the input mode and design parameters. According to the results of CFD modeling, the injection of relatively cold, weakly superheated steam axial jet into second phases creates hydrodynamic, structural and temperature heterogeneity, which decreases markedly in the third phases. The supplied steam at the second phase performs mainly the functions of a cooler, causing a decrease in the temperature of the reaction mixture and a decrease in the rate of gasification reactions.
Experimental studies of ignition of a 5 MW semi-industrial installation in Ekibastuz coal using electrochemical activation technology
Authors: Burdukov A P , Butakov E B , Chernova G V 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This work uses a high-frequency electrochemical ignition device that generates high-frequency cold plasma arcs that ionize the oxidizer, which contributes to the multiple acceleration of thermochemical transformations of carbon-containing solid fuels and wastes, and, consequently, to a more complete rapid burning out of the torch. Coal fuel research was carried out at the CDPP-2 station in the city of Ekibastuz, and experiments were conducted on the ignition and combustion of coal fuels using a high-frequency electrochemical ignition device. After the coal fuel was supplied to the street swirler, the combustion chamber was heated for 4 minutes, after reaching 500 ° C, the coal burned in the autothermal regime. These results will be used to design a pilot burner at the station in Ekibastuz, Kazakhstan.
A Study of Superlean Combustion Modes in a Reverse Flow Combustion Chamber Burning Multicomponent Fuel
Authors: Guryanov A I , Evdokimov O A , Guryanova M M , Piralishvili Sh A , Kononova V V , Veretennikov S V 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Feasibility of using oxidant vortex reverse flow in designing jet burners for prospective combustion chambers fueled with synthesis gas. A complex of experimental studies of the reverse flow burner module fueled with methane with addition of synthesis gas is carried out; steady combustion concentration range is defined.
The composition determination of combustion products of modified ethanol
Authors: Henarava T M , Hrusheuski U U , Krivosheyev P N , Leschevich V V , Penyazkov O G , Yu Shimchenko S , Shushkov S V 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The content of pyrolysis products during combustion of modified ethanol in the Rapid Compression Machine (RCM) was studied. It was found that significant reduction in the ignition delay time for lean reactive mixture (φ = 0.6) with a decrease in maximum pressure and unchanged mean rate of pressure. It indicates an increase in the burning rate of the mixture. It has been observed that the modification of ethanol with carbon nanoparticles leads to decrease in the content of methane and hydrogen in combustion products, but ignition delay time does not change (A1) or reduce by 35% (A2) at φ = 1.
Reduced model of chemical kinetic and two-dimensional structure of detonation wave in rich mixtures of methane with oxidizer
Authors: Trotsyuk A.V. , Fomin P.A. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Two-step reduced model of chemical kinetics of detonation combustion of methane mixtures is presented. The possibility of condensed carbon (soot) microparticles formation in reaction products is taken into account for the first time. The model is simple (only one ordinary differential equation in a main heat release zone) and physically grounded. It is in consistent with the second law of thermodynamics and Le Chatelier’s principle. The model verification has been performed via numerical calculations of parameters and two-dimensional structure of detonation wave in the fuel-rich methane-oxidizer mixture. The irregular cellular structure of the wave with all its main features, observed in the experiments, was reproduced in the calculations. The dominant size of the detonation cell is in good agreement with experimental data and corresponding estimations in the frames of generally accepted Vasil’ev-Nikolaev model of detonation cell.
Old females rarely mate with old males in roe deer, Capreolus capreolus
Authors: Vanpé Cécile , Gaillard Jean-Michel , Hewison A J Mark , Quemere Erwan , Kjellander Petter , Pellerin Maryline , Lemaître Jean-François 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLittle is known about whether female mating tactics vary with age based on their preference for mates. To fill this knowledge gap, we examined how maternal age is related to the age of their mates using detailed individual long-term monitoring of a genotyped and pedigreed European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus Linnaeus, 1758) population. We found that mating between old females and prime-aged males was more frequent than mating between prime-aged females and prime-aged males. This suggests that old females avoid old mates. Old females might be more selective in their mate choice than prime-aged females owing to increased mate-sampling effort. Our finding is in line with the terminal investment/allocation hypothesis. The study of age-related variation in female mating behaviour is particularly important because this behaviour can inﬂuence the intensity and direction of sexual selection and the maintenance of variation in male sexually selected traits. Further studies are needed to quantify the exact fitness benefits of age-specific mating tactics in females.
Skeletal and dental effects of surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Bortolotti Francesco , Solidoro Livia , Bartolucci Maria Lavinia , Incerti Parenti Serena , Paganelli Corrado , Alessandri-Bonetti Giulio 
Published: June 2019

Summary

Background
Surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME) is a surgical technique developed to correct transverse discrepancies in skeletally mature patients. However, there is limited evidence concerning the immediate skeletal and dental changes obtained only due to SARME.

Objective
The aim of the present systematic review is to investigate the immediate skeletal and dental effects of SARME in adult patients with transverse maxillary hypoplasia.

Search Methods
An electronic search of the literature in MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library, Lilacs and Scopus databases was performed.

Selection Criteria
Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) studies investigating the skeletal and dental effects of SARME procedures in adult patients were included.

Data Collection and Analysis
The included studies received a methodological quality scoring according to the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials. The quality of evidence was assessed by means of the Grading Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. For each included study and for each analysed parameter, the difference in means and 95 per cent confidence interval was calculated between baseline and immediate post-expansion. A meta-analysis of original outcome data, if possible, was conducted.

Results
Nine articles were selected. The methodological quality ratings indicated that one study was at low risk of bias, seven presented some concerns and only one was at high risk of bias. In all the included studies, the SARME procedure resulted in a significant expansion of the maxillary transverse dimension. The meta-analysis compared skeletal and dental inter-molar width before and after treatment: the mean difference was of 3.3 mm (2.8–3.9) and 7.0 mm (6.1–7.8), respectively (P-value less than 0.001). The quality of evidence was low-moderate.

Conclusions
SARME is effective in obtaining a significant expansion of the maxillary transverse dimension. However, the immediate SARME effect is mainly a molar expansion rather than a pure bone transverse widening of the maxilla.

Registration
The review protocol was registered at PROSPERO database with the registration number CRD42018117967.
Bi-Level Participatory Forest Management Planning Supported by Pareto Frontier Visualization
Authors: Marques S , Bushenkov V A , Lotov A V , Marto M , Borges J G 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis research addresses the problem of forested landscape management planning in contexts characterized by multiple ecosystem services and multiple stakeholders. A new methodology for participatory landscape-level forest management is proposed. Specifically, a bilevel representation is used, whereas models of subsystems are used for constructing an integrated model of the master problem. Participatory workshops and interactive visualization of the Pareto frontier are used to support the solution of the multi-objective optimization upper- and lower-level problems. The visualization is implemented by a technique—Interactive Decision Maps—that displays interactively the Pareto frontier in the form of decision maps, that is, collections of the objectives’ tradeoff curves. Since the upper-level problem may be characterized by a large number of decision variables, we compare the Pareto frontier generated by the Interactive Decision Maps technique with the Pareto frontier generated by a decomposition approach that builds from the Pareto frontiers of the lower-level subproblems. The approach supports further the negotiation between upper- and lower-level goals. Results are discussed for a large-scale application in a forested landscape in northwest Portugal.
pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 Gene Deletions That Affect Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Plasmodium falciparum: Analysis of Archived Blood Samples From 3 African Countries
Authors: Thomson Rebecca , Beshir Khalid B , Cunningham Jane , Baiden Frank , Bharmal Jameel , Bruxvoort Katia J , Maiteki-Sebuguzi Catherine , Owusu-Agyei Seth , Staedke Sarah G , Hopkins Heidi 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (mRDTs) that target histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2) are important tools for Plasmodium falciparum diagnosis. Parasites with pfhrp2/3 gene deletions threaten the use of these mRDTs and have been reported in Africa, Asia, and South America. We studied blood samples from 3 African countries to determine if these gene deletions were present.

Methods
We analyzed 911 dried blood spots from Ghana (n = 165), Tanzania (n = 176), and Uganda (n = 570). Plasmodium falciparum infection was confirmed by 18S rDNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and pfhrp2/3 genes were genotyped. True pfhrp2/3 gene deletions were confirmed if samples were (1) microscopy positive; (2) 18S rDNA PCR positive; (3) positive for merozoite surface protein genes by PCR or positive by loop-mediated isothermal amplification; or (4) quantitative PCR positive with &gt;5 parasites/µL.

Results
No pfhrp2/3 deletions were detected in samples from Ghana, but deletions were identified in Tanzania (3 pfhrp2; 2 pfhrp3) and Uganda (7 pfhrp2; 2 pfhrp3). Of the 10 samples with pfhrp2 deletions, 9 tested negative by HRP2-based mRDT.

Conclusions
The presence of pfhrp2/3 deletions in Tanzania and Uganda, along with reports of pfhrp2/3-deleted parasites in neighboring countries, reinforces the need for systematic surveillance to monitor the reliability of mRDTs in malaria-endemic countries.
PPR-SMR1 is required for the splicing of multiple mitochondrial introns, interacts with Zm-mCSF1, and is essential for seed development in maize
Authors: Chen Zongliang , Wang Hong-Chun , Shen Jiayu , Sun Feng , Wang Miaodi , Xu Chunhui , Tan Bao-Cai 
Published: June 2019

Two maize nucleus-encoded splicing factors, PPR-SMR1 and Zm-mCSF1, are required for the splicing of most mitochondrial group II introns and subsequent complex I biogenesis, and therefore play important roles in seed development.
The Risk of Pregnancy Related Hypertension Disorder Associated with Sickle Cell Trait in U.S. Service Women
Authors: O’Hara Christina , Singer Darrell E , Niebuhr David W 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Introduction
The health impact of the heterozygous (Hb Ss) Sickle Cell Trait (SCT) among the estimated one million females of reproductive age in the United States on pregnancy related hypertensive disorders (PRHD) including preeclampsia is not as well understood or researched as Sickle Cell Disease (SCD).

Materials and Methods
This retrospective cohort study included 25,020 U.S. enlisted, active duty service women during 1992 to 2013. Race within the sample is primarily black (84%) given that blacks have the highest prevalence of SCT. All 5,004 SCT positive individuals and a matched sample of 20,016 from those considered SCT negative were followed while on active duty for PRHD outcomes including gestational hypertension (GHTN), preeclampsia and eclampsia.

Results
The adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) for any PRHD in SCT positive compared to negative individuals was 1.46 (95% CI 1.32 – 1.62). SCT positive versus negative subjects had higher health care utilization rates and utilization rate ratios (URR) for all PRHD diagnoses combined 2.03 (95%CI: 1.97 – 2.10) and for each specific PHRD diagnosis. The prevalence of preeclampsia or eclampsia did not vary by SCT status. The overall PRHD attributable risk due to SCT was 30.4% (95% CI 23.1–37.1%) and the overall number needed to screen to detect a case of PRHD was 156 (95% CI 117–220).

Conclusions
The results of this study indicate that being SCT positive is a risk factor for PRHD and provides evidence that SCT status may have an adverse effect on reproductive health. Future research needs to include other known risk factors for PRHD to include gravity and parity history, BMI, past history of PRHD prior to enlistment as well as to examine the association with maternal/child pregnancy outcomes.
The assembly of the Virgo cluster, traced by its galaxy haloes
Authors: Taylor James E , Shin Jihye , Ouellette Nathalie N-Q , Courteau Stéphane 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Kinematic studies have produced accurate measurements of the total dark matter mass and mean dark matter density within the optical extent of galaxies for large samples of objects. Here we consider theoretical predictions for the latter quantity, $\bar{\rho }_{\rm dm}$, measured within the isophotal radius R23.5, for isolated haloes with universal density profiles. Through a combination of empirical scaling relations, we show that $\bar{\rho }_{\rm dm}$ is expected to depend weakly on halo mass and strongly on redshift. When galaxy haloes fall into larger groups or clusters, they become tidally stripped, reducing their total dark matter mass, but this process is expected to preserve central density until an object is close to disruption. We confirm this with collisonless simulations of cluster formation, finding that subhaloes have values of $\bar{\rho }_{\rm dm}$ close to the analytic predictions. This suggests that $\bar{\rho }_{\rm dm}$ may be a useful indicator of infall redshift on to the cluster. We test this hypothesis with data from the SHIVir survey, which covers a reasonable fraction of the Virgo cluster. We find that galaxies with high $\bar{\rho }_{\rm dm}$ do indeed trace the densest regions of the cluster, with a few notable exceptions. Samples selected by environment have higher densities at a significance of 3.5–4σ, while samples selected by density are more clustered at 3–3.5σ significance. We conclude that halo density can be a powerful tracer of the assembly history of clusters and their member galaxies.
Vortex instabilities triggered by low-mass planets in pebble-rich, inviscid protoplanetary discs
Authors: Pierens A , Lin M-K , Raymond S N 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In the innermost regions of protoplanerary discs, the solid-to-gas ratio can be increased considerably by a number of processes, including photoevaporative and particle drift. Magnetohydrodynamic disc models also suggest the existence of a dead zone at R ≲ 10 au, where the regions close to the mid-plane remain laminar. In this context, we use two-fluid hydrodynamical simulations to study the interaction between a low-mass planet (∼1.7 M⊕) on a fixed orbit and an inviscid pebble-rich disc with solid-to-gas ratio ϵ ≥ 0.5. For pebbles with Stokes numbers St = 0.1, 0.5, multiple dusty vortices are formed through the Rossby wave instability at the planet separatrix. Effects due to gas drag then lead to a strong enhancement in the solid-to-gas ratio, which can increase by a factor of ∼103 for marginally coupled particles with St = 0.5. As in streaming instabilities, pebble clumps reorganize into filaments that may plausibly collapse to form planetesimals. When the planet is allowed to migrate in an Minimum Mass Solar Nebula (MMSN) disc, the vortex instability is delayed due to migration but sets in once inward migration stops due a strong positive pebble torque. Again, particle filaments evolving in a gap are formed in the disc while the planet undergoes an episode of outward migration. Our results suggest that vortex instabilities triggered by low-mass planets could play an important role in forming planetesimals in pebble-rich, inviscid discs, and may significantly modify the migration of low-mass planets. They also imply that planetary dust gaps may not necessarily contain planets if these migrated away.