bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term prognostic value of the FibroTest in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, compared to chronic hepatitis C, B, and alcoholic liver disease
Authors: Munteanu Mona , Pais Raluca , Peta Valentina , Deckmyn Olivier , Moussalli Joseph , Ngo Yen , Rudler Marika , Lebray Pascal , Charlotte Frederic , Thibault Vincent , Lucidarme Olivier , Ngo An , Imbert‐Bismut Françoise , Housset Chantal , Thabut Dominique , Ratziu Vlad , Poynard Thierry ,   the FibroFrance Group
Published: October 2018

SummaryBackgroundAlthough the FibroTest has been validated as a biomarker to determine the stage of fibrosis in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with results similar to those in chronic hepatitis C (CHC), B (CHB), and alcoholic liver disease (ALD), it has not yet been confirmed for the prediction of liver‐related death.AimTo validate the 10‐year prognostic value of FibroTest in NAFLD for the prediction of liver‐related death.MethodPatients in the prospective FibroFrance cohort who underwent a FibroTest between 1997 and 2012 were pre‐included. Mortality status was obtained from physicians, hospitals or the national register. Survival analyses were based on univariate (Kaplan‐Meier, log rank, AUROC) and multivariate Cox risk ratio taking into account age, sex and response to anti‐viral treatment as covariates. The comparator was the performance of the FibroTest in CHC, the most validated population.Results7082 patients were included; 1079, 3449, 2051, and 503 with NAFLD, CHC, CHB, and ALD, respectively. Median (range) follow‐up was 6.0 years (0.1‐19.3). Ten year survival (95% CI) without liver‐related death in patients with NAFLD was 0.956 (0.940‐0.971; 38 events) and 0.832 (0.818‐0.847; 226 events; P = 0.004) in CHC. The prognostic value (AUROC / Cox risk ratio) of FibroTest in patients with NAFLD was 0.941 (0.905‐0.978)/1638 (342‐7839) and even higher than in patients with CHC 0.875 (0.849‐0.901; P = 0.01)/2657 (993‐6586).ConclusionsThe FibroTest has a high prognostic value in NAFLD for the prediction of liver‐related death. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01927133).
MRI multicentre prospective survey in thalassaemia major patients treated with deferasirox versus deferiprone and desferrioxamine
Authors: Pepe Alessia , Meloni Antonella , Pistoia Laura , Cuccia Liana , Gamberini Maria R. , Lisi Roberto , D'Ascola Domenico G. , Rosso Rosamaria , Allò Massimo , Spasiano Anna , Restaino Gennaro , Righi Riccardo , Mangione Maurizio , Positano Vincenzo , Ricchi Paolo 
Published: October 2018

SummaryWe prospectively assessed the efficacy of deferasirox versus deferiprone or desferrioxamine as monotherapy in thalassaemia major (TM) patients by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We selected the patients enrolled in the Myocardial Iron Overload in Thalassaemia network who received only one chelator between two MRIs (deferasirox = 235, deferiprone = 142, desferrioxamine = 162). Iron overload was measured by T2* technique and biventricular function by cine images. Among the patients with baseline myocardial iron, in all three groups there was a significant improvement in global heart T2* values. The deferiprone and desferrioxamine groups showed a significant improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Only the deferiprone group showed a significant improvement in right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF). The improvement in global heart T2* was significantly lower in the deferasirox versus the deferiprone group. The improvement in the LVEF was significantly higher in the deferiprone and desferrioxamine groups than in the deferasirox group and the improvement in the RVEF was significantly higher in the deferiprone than in deferasirox group. Among the patients with baseline hepatic iron, the changes in hepatic iron were comparable in deferasirox versus the other groups. Deferasirox monotherapy was less effective than deferiprone in improving myocardial siderosis and biventricular function and less effective than desferrioxamine in improving the LVEF.
Palestinian children's narratives about living with spina bifida: Stigma, vulnerability, and social exclusion
Authors: Nahal Maha Sudki , Axelsson Åsa B. , Imam Asma , Wigert Helena 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundLiving with spina bifida in Palestine is a critical issue that might influence various aspects of the individual's life. It is a challenge for children, their families, and health care providers because it requires lifelong treatment and follow‐up of care provision. However, little focus has been placed on these children's perceptions about their daily life experiences with spina bifida.PurposeTo illuminate the lived experience of children with spina bifida in the West Bank, Palestine.MethodsA qualitative study was conducted using the phenomenological hermeneutical method to interpret the meaning of being a child with spina bifida in Palestine. Ten children with spina bifida, aged 7–18 years, were interviewed. The two local authors independently analyzed the Arabic transcriptions, whereas the two Swedish authors analyzed the transcriptions after translation to English. Finally, the four authors discussed their analysis and reached agreement about the themes.ResultsStudying the children's experience with spina bifida helped us highlight their feelings, needs, and challenges. The findings were formulated into one main theme, Vulnerability and suffering due to social exclusion and stigma, which was grounded in three themes: Experiencing negative self‐concept, Experiencing vulnerability, and Obtaining a sense of security. These three themes were in turn derived from subthemes.ConclusionThe Palestinian children in this study faced physical, emotional, and psychosocial challenges, which negatively influenced their health and development. They were vulnerable and stigmatized, and they lived with a negative self‐concept. The findings could help health professionals, families, and caregivers to achieve a deeper understanding of what being a child with disabilities entails, and the findings may also serve as a platform for interventions that seek to promote these children's development and to enable them to experience childhood as a meaningful and positive process.
Young carers in Sweden—A pilot study of care activities, view of caring, and psychological well‐being
Authors: Järkestig‐Berggren Ulrika , Bergman Ann‐Sofie , Eriksson Maria , Priebe Gisela 
Published: October 2018

AbstractChildren who have parents with any kind of illness may become young carers who take a responsibility not expected of children for household tasks, or personal or emotional care for parents and siblings. So far, little is known about children in Sweden who are at risk of becoming young carers. The aim of this article is therefore to explore the extent and impact of children's caring activities as reported in a pilot study by a sample of children in Sweden. A number of international questionnaires measuring the amount of caring activities, impact of caring, quality of life, and psychological well‐being were translated and combined into a survey. The pilot survey was completed by 30 children 10–18 years of age. Also, when completing the survey, the children were interviewed concerning their experiences of caregiving. The participants report on a group level emotional symptoms such as fear and nervousness above the clinical cut‐off value. They also rate a lower level of caring compared with findings from the United Kingdom, but they report a higher degree of negative impact of caring than young carers in the United Kingdom.
“We are not weak, we just experience domestic violence”—Immigrant women's experiences of encounters with service providers as a result of domestic violence
Authors: Kiamanesh Parvin , Hauge Mona‐Iren 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDomestic violence continues to be a serious social problem and represents a challenge for those who are exposed to it and those in public services. In Norway, a variety of services are provided to help victims of domestic violence and improve knowledge among professionals who meet with adults and children exposed to domestic violence. Studies in Norway show that families with immigrant backgrounds are overrepresented among social service users as a result of domestic violence. However, contextualized knowledge to provide background information about this overrepresentation is limited. This paper explores women's need for support and their experience with service providers when faced with difficult and unpredictable situations, namely, escaping from violence and leaving home with no financial resources or limited supportive network and turning to service providers for support. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 18 women who were staying in or were in touch with shelters with their children or alone. Five central themes emerged in the analysis of these interviews: (a) help becoming a burden; (b) timely economic measures; (c) economic support and domestic violence; (d) displaced focus; and (e) flexibility and the victim's background.
Practicing Urban Transformation: Places of Solidarity and Creative Traditionalism in Transatlantic Comparison
Authors: Ufer Ulrich 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this paper, I make use of the comparative method to discuss two social movements for urban grassroots transformation, Collectif 7‐à‐Nous in Montréal, Canada, and Project Gängeviertel in Hamburg, Germany. For my analysis, I develop and apply two concepts – terrain solidaire and creative traditionalism – to discuss the differences and similarities in how both social movements have been justifying their claims to urban property with reference to and in dialogue with local culture, local space, and local temporalities in order to withstand adverse dynamics of entrepreneurial urbanism. How have activists constructed urban imaginaries that tie the historically grounded identity of place to current practices of solidarity amongst local dwellers? Moreover, how have creative practices of rediscovering and rewriting local history and memory in activists’ narratives of belonging contributed to rooting their claims in local contexts and against the currents of presentist temporalities? Finally, I discuss the difficulty of activist projects and narratives in escaping the increasing tendencies of commodifying urban culture. [Urban Social Movements; Urban Transformation; Solidarity; Narrative; Presentism; Urban Imaginary]
MiR‐34b/c‐5p and the neurokinin‐1 receptor regulate breast cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis
Authors: Zhang Lufang , Wang Lushan , Dong Dong , Wang Zhiyong , Ji Wei , Yu Man , Zhang Fei , Niu Ruifang , Zhou Yunli 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesMiR‐34 is a tumour suppressor in breast cancer. Neurokinin‐1 receptor (NK1R), which is the predicted target of the miR‐34 family, is overexpressed in many cancers. This study investigated the correlation and clinical significance of miR‐34 and NK1R in breast cancer.Materials and MethodsWestern blotting, quantitative reverse transcription‐PCR (qRT‐PCR) and luciferase assays were conducted to analyse the regulation of NK1R by miR‐34 in MDA‐MB‐231, MCF‐7, T47D, SK‐BR‐3 and HEK‐293 T cells. MiR‐34b/c‐5p, full‐length NK1R (NK1R‐FL) and truncated NK1R (NK1R‐Tr) expression in fifty patients were quantified by qRT‐PCR and correlated with their clinicopathological parameters. CCK‐8 assays, colony formation assays and flow cytometry were used to measure cell proliferation and apoptosis in MDA‐MB‐231 and MCF‐7 cells transfected with miR‐34b/c‐5p or NK1R‐siRNA and before treatment with or without Substance P (SP), an endogenous peptide agonists of NK1R. The effect of NK1R antagonist aprepitant was also investigated. In vivo xenograft models were used to further verify the regulation of NK1R by miR‐34b/c‐5p.ResultsExpression levels of miR‐34b/c‐5p and NK1R‐Tr, but not NK1R‐FL, were associated with enhanced malignant potential, such as tumour stage and Ki67 expression. The overexpression of miR‐34b/c‐5p or NK1R silencing potently suppressed cell proliferation and induced G2/M phase arrest and the apoptosis of MDA‐MB‐231 and MCF‐7 cells. The NK1R antagonist aprepitant had similar effects. In vivo studies confirmed that miR‐34b/c‐5p overexpression or NK1R silencing reduced the tumorigenicity of breast cancer. In addition, SP rescued the effects of miR‐34b/c‐5p overexpression or NK1R silencing on cell proliferation and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo assays.ConclusionsMiR‐34b/c‐5p and NK1R contribute to breast cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis and are potential targets for breast cancer therapeutics.
Therapeutic management of vitiligo
Authors: Bleuel Rachela , Eberlein Bernadette 
Published: October 2018

SummaryAffecting 0.5 % of the world's population, vitiligo is an acquired skin disorder that poses major challenges in terms of dermatological care. Characterized by patchy depigmentation, the disease is frequently associated with cosmetic disfigurement and considerable psychological distress. The primary pathophysiological causes for the loss of functional melanocytes are thought to include genetic predisposition, autoimmune mechanisms, and oxidative stress. The present article highlights treatment recommendations contained in the European guidelines as well as those provided by recent reviews on vitiligo. Current therapeutic options are based on three approaches: (1) Regulation of the autoimmune response using topical and systemic immunomodulatory agents (corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors); (2) decrease in oxidative stress in melanocytes by means of topical and systemic antioxidants; and (3) activation of melanocyte regeneration using phototherapy (UVB in particular) and transplantation of pigment cells. In addition, patients should be educated in techniques for cosmetic camouflage. Following successful repigmentation, application of calcineurin inhibitors is recommended to prevent recurrences. Combination therapies of the aforementioned approaches are generally considered to be more successful than monotherapies. Early initiation of treatment is associated with a more favorable prognosis. Using the above treatment options, it may be possible to halt disease progression, stabilize depigmented lesions, and achieve repigmentation. Only in exceptional cases should permanent depigmentation be considered as a possible option. New insights into the pathogenesis of vitiligo will likely give rise to novel therapeutic approaches.
The Bank of England Over 325 Years
Authors: Capie Forrest 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe Bank of England's emergence as a central bank was the end of a long process that began soon after its founding in the late seventeenth century and continued until the third quarter of the nineteenth century. Its current two core principles emerged at different times. Monetary stability came first, a consequence of its responsibility for the gold standard. Financial stability followed in the course of the nineteenth century as the Bank slowly acquired the role of lender of last resort. Its mandate was a consequence of the two‐way relationship with government and some external forces.
Chinese Manufacturing in the Shadow of the China–US Trade War
Authors: Liu Kerry 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA trade war between China and the US has been looming since March 2018, and effectively started on 6 July. A key to this dispute is the ‘Made in China 2025' plan, which aims to greatly improve the competitiveness of Chinese manufacturing industry and enable China to become the world's manufacturing powerhouse. This study examines the present state of Chinese manufacturing, including its size, structure and problems. It explains Made in China 2025, its background, and the chances of its success. It concludes that the importance of Made in China 2025 for the future of the Chinese economy means it will be very difficult for China to make substantial concessions during a trade war.
Nationwide Shift From Percutaneous Rhizotomy to Microvascular Decompression for Treatment of Trigeminal and Other Cranial Nerve Neuralgias
Authors: Kundu Bornali , Rolston John D. 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to report the trends in the use of common surgical interventions over the past decade to treat cranial nerve neuralgias.MethodsThe Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Part B National Summary Data File from 2000 to 2016 were studied.ResultsA total of 57.1 million persons were enrolled in 2016, up from 39.6 million persons in 2000. Suboccipital craniectomy done for cranial nerve decompressions (including cranial nerves V, VII, and IX) increased by 33.9 cases per year so that in 2016 the number of cases was 167% of what it was 17 years earlier (ie, from 655 cases in 2000 to 1096 cases in 2016). The less commonly used subtemporal approach craniectomy to treat trigeminal neuralgia (TN) increased by 1.13 cases per year (ie, from 25 cases in 2000 to 46 cases in 2016). The less invasive percutaneous rhizotomy procedures, including glycerol and radiofrequency ablation, for treatment of TN decreased by 42.9 cases per year (64%; ie, from 2578 cases in 2000 to 1206 cases in 2016).ConclusionsOverall trends show increased use of open surgery and decreased use of percutaneous rhizotomy, including destruction of the trigeminal nerve using balloon compression, glycerol injection, or thermal injury. These trends may be related to differences in outcomes between treatment modalities.
ANZ‐Pacific Migration Governance System
Authors: Chand Satish , Markowski Stefan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractInternational migration governance can be represented as a system set up to manage cross‐border mobility of people in the interest of participating states; mostly by means of bilateral agreements between countries and top‐down, UN‐mediated multilateral and EU‐directed plurilateral arrangements. The latter have often failed to work effectively, so we ask if there is another way. We argue that Australia and New Zealand, together with several Pacific nations, form the ANZ Pacific Migration Governance System (ANZPAC), which provides an alternative way of regional migration governance. We call it an idiorhythmic system of governance: a bottom‐up arrangement between states using devolved and/or self‐regulating coordinating mechanisms to allow participating states sufficient freedom to pursue their own agendas at a pace determined mostly uni‐nationally. ANZPAC facilitates enhanced mobility of migrants to and within the region while also helping to reticulate inflows of unauthorized immigrants. It offers interesting, albeit at times controversial, lessons for other countries.Polish Research Foundation NCNOPUS 10 research support scheme (research project 2015/19/B/HS4/00364 ‘The impact of wealth formation by economic migrants on their mobility and integration: Polish migrants in countries of the European Community and Australia’).
Living with uncertain work
Authors: Heyes Jason , Moore Sian , Newsome Kirsty , Tomlinson Mark 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis article examines the different forms of uncertainty that workers in precarious jobs experience on a day‐to‐day basis. The article highlights the various ways in which uncertainty at work spills over into workers' lives away from the workplace and provides a representative and up‐to‐date comparison of the experiences of workers in permanent, fixed‐term and casual forms of employment. The article achieves its objectives through a mixed‐methods research design comprising an analysis of data from the Understanding Society survey and interviews with workers in the retail, higher education, logistics and social care sectors.
Interruptions during intravenous medication administration: A multicentre observational study
Authors: Schutijser Bernadette C. F. M. , Klopotowska Joanna E. , Jongerden Irene P. , Spreeuwenberg Peter M. M. , De Bruijne Martine C. , Wagner Cordula 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to determine the frequency and cause of interruptions during intravenous medication administration, which factors are associated with interruptions and to what extent interruptions influence protocol compliance.BackgroundHospital nurses are frequently interrupted during medication administration, which contributes to the occurrence of administration errors. Errors with intravenous medication are especially worrisome, given their immediate therapeutic effects. However, knowledge about the extent and type of interruptions during intravenous medication administration is limited.DesignMulticentre observational study.MethodsData were collected during two national evaluation studies (2011 ‐ 2012 & 2015 ‐ 2016). Nurses were directly observed during intravenous medication administration. An interruption was defined as a situation where a break during the administration was needed or where a nurse was distracted but could process without a break. Interruptions were categorized according to source and cause. Multilevel logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the associations between explanatory variables and interruptions or complete protocol compliance.ResultsIn total, 2,526 intravenous medication administration processes were observed. During 291 (12%) observations, nurses were interrupted 321 times. Most interruptions were externally initiated by other nurses (19%) or patients (19%). Less interruptions occurred during the evening (odds ratio: 0.23 [95% confidence interval: 0.08–0.62]). Do‐not‐disturb vests were worn by 61 (2%) nurses. No significant association was found between being interrupted and complete protocol compliance.ConclusionAn interruption occurred in every eight observed intravenous medication administration, mainly caused by other nurses or patients. One needs to consider critically which strategies effectively improve safety during the high‐risk nursing‐task of intravenous medication administration.
A predictive model for fall risk in hospitalized adults: A case–control study
Authors: Severo Isis M. , Kuchenbecker Ricardo , Vieira Débora F. V. B. , Pinto Luciana R. C. , Hervé Michele E. W. , Lucena Amália F. , Almeida Miriam A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimTo develop and validate a predictive model for falls in hospitalized adult clinical and surgical patients, assessing intrinsic (i.e. patient‐related) and extrinsic factors (i.e. care process‐related).BackgroundTo identify factors predictive of falls and enable appropriate management of fall risk it is necessary to understand patient and environmental factors, along with care delivery processes.DesignA matched case–control study.MethodsThis study was conducted in the medical and surgical wards of a Brazilian teaching hospital. The sample included 536 patients, with data collected in 2013–2014. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and conditional logistic regression. Cases of patients aged 18 years or older who fell while hospitalized were included. One patient who did not fall during hospitalization, matched by sex, ward and admission date, was selected as a control for each included case.ResultsThe SAK Fall Scale (Severo‐Almeida‐Kuchenbecker) was developed and validated. The scale includes seven variables: disorientation/confusion, frequent urination, walking limitations, lack of caregiver, postoperative status, previous falls and number of medications administered within 72 hr prior to the fall. This scale showed acceptable predictive accuracy.ConclusionsThe newly developed SAK Fall Scale includes five intrinsic and two extrinsic variables and differs from other predictive scales for falls. The findings of this study are broad and the scale, which is easy to apply, can be used worldwide by nurses in health services. In advanced practice, the testing of a new model for fall risk contributes to preventive interventions and thus has an impact on patient safety.