bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Prospective Observational Study on the Appraisal of Common Cause and Efficacy of Continuous Phototherapy in Patients with Neonatal Jaundice
Authors: Premsai V. , Ramya G. , Chowdary Y. Kavya , Hussaini Syeda Zaineb Humaira , Aparna C. 
Published: August 2019

Background: Neonatal jaundice is generally harmless, but high concentrations of unconjugated bilirubin may rarely cause kernicterus. Hyperbilirubinemia is the most common cause of neonatal readmission to the hospital, in the majority of cases.
Aims: The study aims to determine incidence rate of neonatal jaundice as well as evaluate the commonest cause and determine the efficacy of continuous phototherapy.
Study Design: A Prospective observational study.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Avis Ankura hospital for women and children. It is a well-recognized, authorized hospital where obstetrics and neonatal care is provided. The study was conducted between October 2018 to March 2019.
Methodology: The study was conducted in Avis Ankura hospital for women and children. It is a well-recognized, authorized hospital where obstetrics and neonatal care is provided. A total of 162 neonates were considered. Informed consent was obtained from all the subject’s care takers. Subjects enrolled in the study were admitted in NICUs’. This study appraises the conventional cause of NNJ, evaluates the efficacy of continuous phototherapy and detects the phototherapy induced adverse reactions by using Naranjo’s causality assessment scale.
Results: Among 162 patients, 94 patients (58%) were found to be males and 68 patients (42%) were found to be females. Low birth weight neonates (43.20%) were found to be more prone to neonatal jaundices. In this study, it was found that duration of phototherapy was longer in extremely low birth weight neonates (34 hours) in relation to birth weight and average duration of phototherapy. Based on the conventional cause, physiological cause (56.79%) was observed to be highest among other causes of neonatal jaundice. The short term adverse reactions due to phototherapy were identified using Naranjo’s Causality Assessment Scale. The TSB levels were increased before phototherapy (pre- treatment) and decreased after phototherapies (post-treatment) which were assessed by using American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines.
Conclusion: From this study, it was concluded that males were more prone to develop neonatal jaundice when compared with females. Physiological jaundice contributes majority of cases among the total cases. The use of phototherapy was inversely related to gestational age and birth weight.
The Effect of Solid (Granular) and Liquid (Foliar) Fertilizers Application on the Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L) in Soils of Obubra, Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Akpa E. A. , Agah L. J. 
Published: August 2019

The research was carried out in the month of April, 2018 to determine the effect of solid (granular) and liquid (foliar) fertilizers application on the growth and yield of maize in soils of Obubra. Five (5) composite soil samples were collected at the depth of 0-20 cm for the analysis of physical and chemical properties before application of the fertilizers. The experimental layout was randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three treatments and five replications in a plot area of 25 m x 20 m (500 m2) which corresponds to 0.05 ha-1. The plot was designed and blocked into subplots, each measuring 6 m x 4 m (24 m2). Each block was separated from the other with a distance of one meter (1 m) apart and between subplots 0.5 m apart. Three treatments made up of treatment one (T1) zero application at 0 kg ha-1, treatment two (T2) liquid (foliar) N.P.K 20:20:20 at the rate of 100 mil of N, 50 mil of P2O5, 33.3 mil of Mp ha-1 and treatment three (T3) solid (granular) N.P.K 20:20:20 at the rate of 44.4 kg of N, 40 kg of P2O5 and 33.3 kg of Mp ha-1 were replicated five times making a total of fifteen (15) subplots. Parameters of plant heights and number of leaves were observed at 6 and 8 weeks after planting. Plant heights, number of leaves, number of cobs, weight of 1000 seeds in each subplot and weight of grain after shelling were analyzed respectively. Results on soil analyses showed that the soil texture was sandy loam with deficiencies in primary nutrients and other nutrients. On the plant heights, the result was significant (P≤0.05) and on the number of leaves, the result for 6 weeks was not significant (P≥0.05) while that of 8 weeks was significant (P≤0.05). On the number of cobs, 1000 seeds and weight of grain after shelling were also significant (P≤0.05). The solid (granular) fertilizer showed to be more effective than liquid (foliar) fertilizer and should therefore be recommended for the growth and yield of maize in the area.
Participatory Varieties Selection and Evaluation of Improved Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) On-Farm at Different Agro-ecologies in Wolaita Zones Southern, Ethiopia
Authors: Kiffo Birhanu Lencha 
Published: August 2019

Aim: Ethiopia is considered to be one of the major producers of sweet potato and involves major lands for this purpose. Whereas, varieties of sweet potato that yields maximum are not yet known. So this particular study is aimed to identify the variety for high yield, quality sweet potato, as well as its quantitative evaluation to be done.
Materials and Methods: Area situated at Wolaita zone of SNNP regional state is considered as study venue; whereas the performance of fields is evaluated and specified the number of crop yield of that particular area.
Results and Discussion: Eleven sweet potato varieties and four local varieties were prepared for the preliminary evaluation. Observations came up with the following varieties namely OFSP1, Kulfo, Koka 6 and Hawassa 83 which were mostly preferred by farmers. Both sweet potatoes had high acceptability; with an average score of 10,11,12,16, (A) and 17, 18 19, (B) out of a maximum of 20, without any significant differences in preference. The varieties were divided into four sets, with each set having two test varieties and the check variety. This is to ensure that farmers will not have difficulty in evaluating and comparing too many varieties.
Conclusion: Variety of the potatoes that are preferred by the farmers is different from each other, which are come up with Participatory varietal selection (PVS) technique. So as differences in ranking are also preferred by them, which later ensure the genetically diverse factors and differentials in growing yield of the crops.
Epidemiological Studies of Waterborne Diseases in Relation to Bacteriological Quality of Water
Authors: Abdulkadir Nafi’u , O. Afolabi Rebecca , M. Usman Hizbullahi , Mustapha Gani , A. Abubakar Umar 
Published: August 2019

Aim of the Study: Waterborne diseases are global burden with the increase in a number of cases more especially in rural areas of developing countries. We investigated the epidemiological distribution of waterborne diseases and bacteriological quality of water in Bodinga Sokoto Nigeria.
Research Design: The study used a retrospective design and determined the prevalence of some selected waterborne diseases and sanitary inspection. An experimental design was used for the determination of bacterial pollution in some water sources.
Place and Duration: The study was conducted at the General Hospital Bodinga and Department of Microbiology Sokoto State University within the period of one year.
Methods: A retrospective data of health records were collected from an out-patient register in Bodinga General Hospital, covered a period of three years from January to December (2015 -2017). A number of samples of water were collected from different sources in Bodinga, Danchadi, and Takatuku and were analyzed using the standard method.
Results: We found the most common waterborne diseases in the area are dysentery, 517(40.7%) typhoid 375(29.5%), gastroenteritis 202(15.9%) and diarrhoea 105(8.3%), while skin infection and cholera account for 36(2.8%) each. We observed that the diseases are widely distributed in the rainy season with high occurrence of 732(57.59%) cases than a dry season having 539(42.41%) cases. Male are more prone to diseases with 706 cases than female having 565 cases and 25-above years, as well as Children below the age of 5, are more vulnerable to diseases with the occurrence of 481 and 331 respectively.
Conclusion: This study suggests a possible strong relationship between waterborne diseases and poor water quality which contributed to the spread of diseases in the study area.
Population Health and Trauma‐Informed Practice: Implications for Programs, Systems, and Policies
Authors: Tebes Jacob Kraemer , Champine Robey B. , Matlin Samantha L. , Strambler Michael J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPopulation studies indicate that trauma exposure is ubiquitous and has a significant impact on health. Trauma‐informed practice seeks to address the health consequences of trauma through integrative responses that incorporate an understanding of the effects of trauma, the multiple pathways to recovery, and the potential for re‐traumatization. Current trauma‐informed practice considers trauma exposure an individual clinical problem rather than a societal problem with population health consequences. Population health refers to the aggregated health status of individuals who share some characteristic, such as trauma exposure, and includes the study of determinants that shape the distribution of health outcomes in specific populations. In this paper, we describe a population health perspective for trauma‐informed practice that complements the current clinical perspective, and then discuss implications of that perspective for programs, systems, and policies. We summarize essential concepts about trauma over the life course and describe principles of population health science relevant to trauma‐informed practice. We then discuss implications of these principles by identifying four priorities for trauma‐informed practice from a population health perspective: (a) adopting trauma‐informed policies to prevent trauma exposure and to foster resilience in the aftermath of trauma; (b) infusing trauma‐informed practice into everyday activities so it is a routine part of interpersonal transactions; (c) incorporating trauma‐informed practices into existing service systems; and (d) adapting existing treatments to incorporate trauma‐informed principles for population health impact.
Exploring Community Mobilization in Northern Quebec: Motivators, Challenges, and Resilience in Action
Authors: Fraser Sarah Louise , Hordyk Shawn‐Renee , Etok Nancy , Weetaltuk Caroline 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNunavimmiut (people of the land) are the Indigenous peoples of the northern peninsula of the province of Quebec. Communities of Nunavik and its regional organizations have been making concerted efforts in implementing community‐based strategies to support family wellbeing. These community strategies are grounded in many of the values underpinning community psychology: favoring empowerment‐oriented approaches, fostering community capacity, and transforming organizational cultures to allow for new modes of interaction, as well as new policies and practices that are grounded in community and culture. Despite the growing support and expectation for community mobilization, there is still very little research on the processes and challenges to such mobilization. In this study, we explored the unique challenges and facilitators to community endeavors in northern Quebec in order to better understand the complex dynamics and the strengths that Inuit build upon. We first used a focused ethnographic approach in the context of a 5‐year community mobilization project in Nunavik. We then conducted 12 individual interviews and two small group interviews with Inuit working on community‐based wellbeing‐oriented mobilization projects in four additional communities. Results expose how sociogeographical realities and colonialism influence the process of community mobilization. They also highlight the values and motivational factors that lead community members to move beyond these influences.
Organocatalytic Enantioselective Conia‐Ene‐Type Carbocyclization of Ynamide Cyclohexanones: Regiodivergent Synthesis of Morphans and Normorphans
Authors: Xu Yin , Sun Qing , Tan Tong‐De , Yang Ming‐Yang , Yuan Peng , Wu Shao‐Qi , Lu Xin , Hong Xin , Ye Long‐Wu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDescribed herein is an organocatalytic enantioselective desymmetrizing cycloisomerization of arylsulfonyl‐protected ynamide cyclohexanones, representing the first metal‐free asymmetric Conia‐ene‐type carbocyclization. This method allows the highly efficient and atom‐economical construction of a range of valuable morphans with wide substrate scope and excellent enantioselectivity (up to 97 % ee). In addition, such a cycloisomerization of alkylsulfonyl‐protected ynamide cyclohexanones can lead to the divergent synthesis of normorphans as the main products with high enantioselectivity (up to 90 % ee). Moreover, theoretical calculations are employed to elucidate the origins of regioselectivity and enantioselectivity.
A comprehensive practical laboratory course on protein engineering: Evolution of a glycine oxidase variant active on the herbicide glyphosate
Authors: Rosini Elena , Pollegioni Loredano 
Published: August 2019

AbstractProtein engineering represents a modern approach to generate novel proteins for the different fields of biotechnology. Here, we report about an 8‐day laboratory activity in which students generate enzyme variants to degrade the herbicide glyphosate. The students conduct a true research experiment in an important field (bioremediation by novel, engineered enzymes) and are introduced to widely used techniques in molecular biology and protein biochemistry laboratories. Based on a docking analysis of glycine (the original substrate) and of glyphosate into the active site of glycine oxidase, residues putatively involved in substrate selectivity are identified that will become the target of site‐saturation mutagenesis. Each group of students focuses on the library generated at one position and selects the most active variant based on colorimetric screening. Following protein overexpression in Escherichia coli, the selected glycine oxidase variants are purified and their kinetic properties on glycine and glyphosate assessed. The best variant identified by the whole class is then used for detecting the herbicide in water. With the help of the professor, students can improve technical skills, ability to evaluate results, team work activity, and critical thinking. © 2019 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 47(6):689–699, 2019.
Development of Co Supported on Co−Al Spinel Catalysts from Exsolution of Amorphous Co−Al Oxides for Carbon Dioxide Reforming of Methane
Authors: Wong Yee Jie , Koh Mei Kee , Khairudin Nor Fazila , Ichikawa Satoshi , Morikawa Yoshitada , Mohamed Abdul Rahman 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this study, redox exsolution method was used to synthesize Co/Co−Al spinel for dry reforming. The aim is to improve metal‐support interaction, which enhances the catalyst's stability and minimizes carbon deposition. The synthesized catalysts were observed as Co embedded on Co deficient CoAl2O4‐like spinel (denoted as Co−Al spinel). The reduction temperature was optimized at 750 °C. Investigations on the effect of Co loading revealed that optimum Co loading is needed to control the Co particle size, providing balance between limiting carbon deposition rate and preventing dissolution of Co into the support. The best performing catalyst, Co‐15, in which the molar ratio of Co and Al is 15 : 85 produced a stable 81.5 % and 87.4 % conversions for CH4 and CO2 continuously over 24 h of reaction time with 13.51 wt% of carbon deposition. The strong metal‐support interaction of Co and Co−Al spinel in Co‐15 stabilizes and prevents the sintering of Co particles, enhancing the efficiency for dry reforming reaction.
In Silico Design of MDM2‐Targeting Peptides from a Naturally Occurring Constrained Peptide
Authors: Ma He , Qiu Peiju , Harvey Peta J. , Li Xiao , Zhang Zheyu , Xu Qingliang , Liang Jiazhen , Kaas Quentin , Craik David J. , Yang Jinbo , Jiang Tao , Bi Xiaolin , Yu Rilei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNaturally occurring constrained peptides are frequently used as scaffolds for bioactive peptide grating due to their high stability. Here, we used in silico methods to design several constrained peptides comprising a scorpion toxin scaffold, a MDM2 binding epitope, and a cluster of positively charged residues. The designed peptides displayed varied binding affinity to MDM2 despite differing by only one or two residues. One of the peptides, SC426, had nanomolar binding affinity (KD=6.6±2.6 nm) to MDM2, and exhibited stronger inhibitory activity on the proliferation of HCT116 cells (p53‐wild type) and SW480 cells (p53‐mutant) than that of nutlin‐3a. Binding mode analysis of the designed peptide at MDM2 suggests that the conserved “FWL” epitope was buried in the hydrophobic binding pocket, and the residues located at the periphery of the binding site contributed to the high binding affinity of SC426. Overall, in silico design of miniproteins with therapeutic potential through epitope grafting to the naturally occurring constrained peptide is an effective strategy.
Local and global energies for shape analysis in medical imaging
Authors: Varano Valerio , Piras Paolo , Gabriele Stefano , Teresi Luciano , Nardinocchi Paola , Dryden Ian L. , Torromeo Concetta , Schiariti Michele , Puddu Paolo E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn a previous contribution, a new Riemannian shape space, named TPS space, was introduced to perform statistics on shape data. This space was endowed with a Riemannian metric and a flat connection, with torsion, compatible with the given metric. This connection allows the definition of a Parallel Transport of the deformation compatible with the three‐fold decomposition in spherical, deviatoric, and non‐affine components. Such a parallel transport also conserves the Γ‐energy, strictly related to the total elastic strain energy stored by the body in the original deformation. A new approach is here presented in order to calculate the bending energy on the body alone (body bending energy) and to restrict it exclusively within physical boundaries of objects involved in the deformation analysis. The novelty of this new procedure resides in the fact that we propose a new metric to be preserved during the TPS direct transport. This allows transporting the shape change more coherently with the mechanical meaning of the deformation. The geometry of the TPS space is then further discussed in order to better represent the relationship between the Γ‐energy, the strain energy, and the so‐called bending energy densities.
Tmem2 restricts atrioventricular canal differentiation by regulating degradation of hyaluronic acid
Authors: Hernandez Lydia , Ryckebüsch Lucile , Wang Carole , Ling Rachel , Yelon Deborah 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundAtrioventricular valve development relies upon the precisely defined dimensions of the atrioventricular canal (AVC). Current models suggest that Wnt signaling plays an important role atop a pathway that promotes AVC development. The factors that confine AVC differentiation to the appropriate location, however, are less well understood.ResultsTransmembrane protein 2 (Tmem2) is a key player in restricting AVC differentiation: in zebrafish, tmem2 mutants display an expansion of AVC characteristics, but the molecular mechanism of Tmem2 function in this context remains unclear. Through structure‐function analysis, we demonstrate that the extracellular portion of Tmem2 is crucial for its role in restricting AVC boundaries. Importantly, the Tmem2 ectodomain contains regions implicated in the depolymerization of hyaluronic acid (HA). We find that tmem2 mutant hearts exhibit excess HA deposition alongside broadened distribution of Wnt signaling. Moreover, addition of ectopic hyaluronidase can restore the restriction of AVC differentiation in tmem2 mutants. Finally, we show that alteration of a residue important for HA depolymerization impairs the efficacy of Tmem2 function during AVC development.ConclusionsTaken together, our data support a model in which HA degradation, regulated by Tmem2, limits the distribution of Wnt signaling and thereby confines the differentiation of the AVC.
Long‐term outcomes in treated males with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa—A prospective, gender‐matched study
Authors: Strobel Christine , Quadflieg Norbert , Naab Silke , Voderholzer Ulrich , Fichter Manfred M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveWe report on the long‐term outcome of males compared to females treated for anorexia nervosa (AN) or bulimia nervosa (BN).MethodsA total of 119 males with AN and 60 males with BN were reassessed 5.8 ± 4.6 and 7.5 ± 5.9 years (respectively) after treatment and compared to matched female patients.ResultsAt follow‐up, males with AN had a higher body weight than females. For AN, remission rates (40% males vs. 41% females) did not differ at follow‐up. And at follow‐up, more males (34%) than females (19%) had an eating disorder not otherwise specified (ED‐NOS; p < .01). At follow‐up of AN, there was no binge‐eating disorder (BED) and obesity was rare. For BN, remission rates (44% males vs. 50% females) and frequency of AN, BN, BED and ED‐NOS did not differ at follow‐up. Males with AN scored lower than females at follow‐up on most subscales of the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) and on somatization, obsessive–compulsive symptoms, and depression (Brief Symptom Inventory). Males with BN scored lower than females with BN on perfectionism and higher on interpersonal distrust (EDI) at follow‐up.DiscussionResults from the scarce literature on males with ED are inconclusive regarding longer term outcome. In the present study, males with AN showed a slightly better outcome than females. In BN, outcome was about the same in males and females. According to our study, existing treatment is equally effective in both males and females. Additional research on the need of gender‐specific diagnosis and therapy is required.
Myelin status and oligodendrocyte lineage cells over time after spinal cord injury: What do we know and what still needs to be unwrapped?
Authors: Pukos Nicole , Goodus Matthew T. , Sahinkaya Fatma R. , McTigue Dana M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) affects over 17,000 individuals in the United States per year, resulting in sudden motor, sensory and autonomic impairments below the level of injury. These deficits may be due at least in part to the loss of oligodendrocytes and demyelination of spared axons as it leads to slowed or blocked conduction through the lesion site. It has long been accepted that progenitor cells form new oligodendrocytes after SCI, resulting in the acute formation of new myelin on demyelinated axons. However, the chronicity of demyelination and the functional significance of remyelination remain contentious. Here we review work examining demyelination and remyelination after SCI as well as the current understanding of oligodendrocyte lineage cell responses to spinal trauma, including the surprisingly long‐lasting response of NG2+ oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) to proliferate and differentiate into new myelinating oligodendrocytes for months after SCI. OPCs are highly sensitive to microenvironmental changes, and therefore respond to the ever‐changing post‐SCI milieu, including influx of blood, monocytes and neutrophils; activation of microglia and macrophages; changes in cytokines, chemokines and growth factors such as ciliary neurotrophic factor and fibroblast growth factor‐2; glutamate excitotoxicity; and axon degeneration and sprouting. We discuss how these changes relate to spontaneous oligodendrogenesis and remyelination, the evidence for and against demyelination being an important clinical problem and if remyelination contributes to motor recovery.