bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Net Community Production in a Productive Coastal Ocean From an Autonomous Buoyancy‐Driven Glider
Authors: Haskell W. Z. , Hammond D. E. , Prokopenko M. G. , Teel E. N. , Seegers B. N. , Ragan M. A. , Rollins N. , Jones B. H. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNet community production (NCP), an analog of carbon export out of the surface ocean, is often estimated using budgets of dissolved oxygen. Accurate estimates of oxygen‐based NCP, especially in dynamic coastal regions, require constraints on vertical transport of water with O2 out of equilibrium with the atmosphere, nonsteady state change in the oxygen inventory, heating/cooling‐driven O2 disequilibrium, and the rate of bubble injection from wave activity. The latter two are typically evaluated by using discrete measurements of the O2/Ar ratio in lieu of O2 only. Because sophisticated sampling and measurement techniques are required to make these measurements, they are often limited in spatiotemporal resolution. However, high‐resolution estimates of NCP may be useful in determining small‐scale patchiness in export. In this study, we calculated high‐resolution NCP in coastal Southern California using dissolved oxygen measurements made by an autonomous buoyancy‐driven Slocum glider and an empirical relationship derived using discrete measurements of O2/Ar in the surface mixed layer to remove the influence of bubble injection, which accounted for approximately one fourth of the O2 supersaturation observed. Using estimates of vertical transport from wind speed‐based parameterizations, previously validated using a 7Be budget, we were able to correct for the physical biases to the signal, which are known to significantly influence dissolved oxygen budgets in this region. Our results agree well with previously published NCP estimates for the study area but also reveal higher‐frequency variability that discrete sampling was unable to resolve, suggesting that this approach may be useful in other regions with well‐constrained vertical transport rates.
Observation and Attribution of Temperature Trends Near the Stratopause From HALOE
Authors: Remsberg Ellis 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study considers time series of temperature versus pressure, T(p), from the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) across the stratopause region, where the effects of radiative forcings from the greenhouse gases (CO2 and H2O) and from ozone are most pronounced. Trend analyses of HALOE T(p) values for 1993–2005 are for six levels from 2.0 to 0.3 hPa with a vertical resolution of about 4 km and for eight latitude zones from 65°S to 65°N. The analyses account for the forcing effects from the 11‐yr solar cycle. HALOE trends at 2.0 hPa are of the order of −1.0 K/decade across the tropics and subtropics but then become smaller (−0.5 K/decade) at the middle latitudes. Near‐global T(p) trends are of order −0.5 K/decade but have a minimum of −0.2 K/decade at 1.0 hPa; they are clearly negative in the southern but slightly positive in the northern hemisphere. The combined radiative forcings from CO2, H2O, and ozone vary between −0.4 and −0.7 K/decade for 1993–2005 and are hemispherically symmetric. The HALOE temperature trend and total radiative cooling profiles differ from those reported from observations and calculations for 1980–2000, mainly because the ozone trends changed from clearly negative in the 1980s through mid‐1990s to slightly positive during the time of HALOE. Trends at low latitudes for the tracer, methane (CH4), increase from 2% to 4%/decade from 50 to 10 hPa and then to ~6%/decade by 5 hPa. Analyses of time series of CH4 across the stratopause reveal subseasonal scale variability within the northern hemisphere that reduces the significance of the T(p) trends.
Cul4a promotes zebrafish primitive erythropoiesis via upregulating scl and gata1 expression
Authors: Yang Fan , Hu Huili , Liu Yuanyuan , Shao Ming , Shao Changshun , Gong Yaoqin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCUL4A and CUL4B are closely related members in Cullin family and can each assemble a Cullin-RING E3 ligase complex (Cullin-RING Ligase 4A or 4B, CRL4A, or CRL4B) and participate in a variety of biological processes. Previously we showed that zebrafish cul4a, but not cul4b, is essential for cardiac and pectoral fin development. Here, we have identified cul4a as a crucial regulator of primitive erythropoiesis in zebrafish embryonic development. Depletion of cul4a resulted in a striking reduction of erythroid cells due to the inhibition of erythroid differentiation. Transcript levels for early hematopoietic regulatory genes including scl, lmo2, and gata1 are significantly reduced in cul4a-deficient embryos. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that scl and gata1, the central regulators of primitive hematopoiesis for erythroid determination, are transcriptionally upregulated by cul4a. These findings demonstrate an important role for cul4a in primitive erythropoiesis and may bear implications in regeneration medicine of anemia and related diseases.
Experimental demonstration of quantum walks with initial superposition states
Authors: Su Qi-Ping , Zhang Yu , Yu Li , Zhou Jia-Qi , Jin Jin-Shuang , Xu Xiao-Qiang , Xiong Shao-Jie , Xu QingJun , Sun Zhe , Chen Kefei , Nori Franco , Yang Chui-Ping 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe preparation of initial superposition states of discrete-time quantum walks (DTQWs) is necessary for the study and applications of DTQWs. Based on an encoding method, here, we propose a DTQW protocol in linear optics, which enables the preparation of arbitrary initial superposition states of the walker and the coin and enables to obtain the states of the DTQW in addition to the probability distribution of the walker. With this protocol, we experimentally demonstrate the DTQW in the polarization space with both the walker and the coin initially in superposition states, by using only passive linear-optical elements. The effects of the walker’s different initial superposition states on the spread speed of the DTQW and on the entanglement between the coin and the walker are also experimentally investigated, which have not been reported before. When the walker starts with superposition states, we show that the properties of DTQWs are very different from those of DTQWs starting with a single position. Our findings reveal different properties of DTQWs and pave an avenue to study DTQWs with arbitrary initial states. Moreover, this encoding method enables one to encode an arbitrary high-dimensional quantum state, using a single physical qubit, and may be adopted to implement other quantum information tasks.
Detecting dynamic spatial correlation patterns with generalized wavelet coherence and non-stationary surrogate data
Authors: Chavez Mario , Cazelles Bernard 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTime series measured from real-world systems are generally noisy, complex and display statistical properties that evolve continuously over time. Here, we present a method that combines wavelet analysis and non-stationary surrogates to detect short-lived spatial coherent patterns from multivariate time-series. In contrast with standard methods, the surrogate data proposed here are realisations of a non-stationary stochastic process, preserving both the amplitude and time-frequency distributions of original data. We evaluate this framework on synthetic and real-world time series, and we show that it can provide useful insights into the time-resolved structure of spatially extended systems.
Simple Surface Modification of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) via Surface Segregating Smart Polymers for Biomicrofluidics
Authors: Gökaltun Aslıhan , Kang Young Bok , Yarmush Martin L. , Usta O. Berk , Asatekin Ayse 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPoly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) is likely the most popular material for microfluidic devices in lab-on-a-chip and other biomedical applications. However, the hydrophobicity of PDMS leads to non-specific adsorption of proteins and other molecules such as therapeutic drugs, limiting its broader use. Here, we introduce a simple method for preparing PDMS materials to improve hydrophilicity and decrease non-specific protein adsorption while retaining cellular biocompatibility, transparency, and good mechanical properties without the need for any post-cure surface treatment. This approach utilizes smart copolymers comprised of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and PDMS segments (PDMS-PEG) that, when blended with PDMS during device manufacture, spontaneously segregate to surfaces in contact with aqueous solutions and reduce the hydrophobicity without any added manufacturing steps. PDMS-PEG-modified PDMS samples showed contact angles as low as 23.6° ± 1° and retained this hydrophilicity for at least twenty months. Their improved wettability was confirmed using capillary flow experiments. Modified devices exhibited considerably reduced non-specific adsorption of albumin, lysozyme, and immunoglobulin G. The modified PDMS was biocompatible, displaying no adverse effects when used in a simple liver-on-a-chip model using primary rat hepatocytes. This PDMS modification method can be further applied in analytical separations, biosensing, cell studies, and drug-related studies.
COPII proteins exhibit distinct subdomains within each ER exit site for executing their functions
Authors: Maeda Miharu , Kurokawa Kazuo , Katada Toshiaki , Nakano Akihiko , Saito Kota 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSecretory proteins are exported from special domains of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) termed ER exit sites, via COPII-coated carriers. We recently showed that TANGO1 and Sec16 cooperatively organize mammalian ER exit sites for efficient secretion. However, the detailed spatial organization of mammalian ER exit sites is yet to be revealed. Here, we used super-resolution confocal live imaging microscopy (SCLIM) to investigate the localization of endogenous proteins, and we identified domains abundant in transmembrane complexes (TANGO1/cTAGE5/Sec12) juxtaposed to Sec16. Interestingly, this domain can be distinguished from the inner and the outer coats of COPII proteins within each mammalian ER exit site. Cargoes are partially concentrated in the domain for secretion. Our results suggest that mammalian ER exit sites compartmentalize proteins according to their function in COPII vesicle formation.
Improving performance of 3D speckle tracking in arterial hypertension and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation by using novel strain parameters
Authors: Esposito G. , Piras P. , Evangelista A. , Nuzzi V. , Nardinocchi P. , Pannarale G. , Torromeo C. , Puddu P. E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe function of left atrium (LA) is closely related to LA remodeling and one of the most important mechanisms is an increased deposition of fibrous tissue that often is the basis for LA electro-mechanical changes before the onset of atrial fibrillation (AF). This study evaluated LA shape and function, by investigating standard and novel strain parameters calculated by a new approach based on homologous times derived from 3D speckle tracking echocardiography (3DSTE) in hypertensive (HT) and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) patients with or without left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), compared to control (C) subjects. LA function was assessed using homologous times to compare strain variables among different individuals, acquired at different physiological time periods. Standard global longitudinal (GLS) and circumferential (GCS) strains were measured at peak of atrial diastole, while longitudinal and circumferential strains (GLSh, GCSh), strain rate (GLSr, GCSr), volume (Vh) and volume rate (Vr) were measured during the atrial telediastolic phase (fifth homologous time) and atrial pre-active phase (tenth homologous time). Using ANOVA, we found an impaired LA deformation detected by standard, interpolated strains and strain rates in both HT and PAF groups compared to C. We also performed ROC analysis to identify different performances of each parameter to discriminate groups (GLSr10 + GCSr10: C vs PAF 0.935; C vs PAF_LVH 0.924; C vs HT_LVH 0.844; C vs HT 0.756). Our study showed anatomical and functional LA remodeling in patients with PAF and HT. 3D strains and strain rates derived from the homologous times approach provide more functional information with improved performance to identify among the explored groups, in particular PAF patients.
Decomposition and oligomerization of 2,3-naphthyridine under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions
Authors: Shinozaki Ayako , Mimura Koichi , Nishida Tamihito 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe chemical reaction of 2,3-naphthyridine, a nitrogen-containing aromatic compound, was investigated at pressures ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 GPa and temperatures from 473 to 573 K. A distinct decrease in the amount of residual 2,3-naphthyridine was observed in the samples recovered after reaction at ˃523 K at 0.5 and 1.0 GPa, and ˃548 K at 1.5 GPa. The formation of o-xylene and o-tolunitrile accompanied a decreasing N/C ratio of the reaction products, indicating decomposition of the aromatic ring and release of nitrogen. Precise analysis of the reaction products indicated the oligomerization of decomposed products with the residual 2,3-naphthyridine to form larger molecules up to 7mers. Nitrogen in the aromatic ring accelerated reactions to decompose the molecule and to oligomerize at lower temperatures than those typically reported for aromatic hydrocarbon oligomerization. The major reaction mechanism was similar between 0.5 and 1.5 GPa, although larger products preferentially formed in the samples at higher pressure.
Mortality rate-dependent variations in the survival without major morbidities rate of extremely preterm infants
Authors: Kim Jin Kyu , Chang Yun Sil , Sung Sein , Park Won Soon 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe effects of improved survival of EPT infants on morbidity among survivors remain largely controversial. This retrospective cohort study of the Korean Neonatal Network data investigated whether the mortality rate of 23–24 weeks’ gestation was associated with survival without major morbidities in periviable 25–26 weeks’ gestation infants. The 2,083 eligible infants with 23–26 weeks’ gestation were grouped based on institutional mortality rate (group 1 and 2 ≤50% and >50% mortality rate, respectively, for 23–24 weeks’ gestation) and were further divided into 23–24 and 25–26 weeks’ gestation subgroups. The mortality rate of 23–24 weeks’ gestation infants was significantly lower in group 1 (32.7%) than in group 2 (69.9%). The survival without major morbidities rate for 25–26 weeks’ gestation infants was significantly higher in group 1 (31.2%) than in group 2 (18.5%). Antenatal steroid use and Apgar score at 5 min in group 1 were associated with decreased mortality and survival without major morbidities in 23–24 and 25–26 weeks’ gestation infants, respectively. In the multivariate analyses, decreased mortality rates in 23–24 weeks’ gestation infants were associated with higher survival without major morbidities rates in 25–26 weeks’ gestation infants due to decreased bronchopulmonary dysplasia, periventricular leukomalacia, and late-onset sepsis. Evidence-based perinatal and neonatal practices, including antenatal steroid use and better delivery room care contributing to decreased mortality in periviable 23–24 weeks’ gestation infants, were associated with lower morbidity and higher survival without major morbidities in more mature 25–26 weeks’ gestation infants.
Effects of exogenous sulfur on alleviating cadmium stress in tartary buckwheat
Authors: Lu Yang , Wang Qi-fu , Li Jun , Xiong Jiang , Zhou Luo-na , He Sheng-ling , Zhang Jie-qiong , Chen Zhong-ai , He Song-gang , Liu Hui 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSupplying exogenous sulfur-rich compounds increases the content of glutathione(GSH) and phytochelatins(PCs) in plant tissues, enabling plants to enhance their cellular defense capacity and/or compartmentalize Cadmium(Cd) into vacuoles. However, the mechanism by which surplus S modulates tolerance to Cd stress in different tissues need further investigation. In the present study, we found that supplementing the tartary buckwheat(Fagopyrum tararicum) exposed to Cd with surplus S reversed Cd induced adverse effects, and increased Cd concentrations in roots, but decreased in leaves. Further analysis revealed that exogenous S significantly mitigated Cd-induced oxidative stress with the aids of antioxidant enzymes and agents both in leaves and roots, including peroxidase(POD), ascorbate peroxidase(APX), glutathione peroxidase(GPX), glutathione S-transferase(GST), ascorbic acid(AsA), and GSH, but not superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT). The increased Cd uptake in root vacuoles and decreased translocation in leaves of exogenous S treated plants could be ascribed to the increasing Cd binding on cell walls, chelation and vacuolar sequestration with helps of non-protein thiols(NPT), PCs and heavy metal ATPase 3(FtHMA3) in roots, and inhibiting expression of FtHMA2, a transporter that helps Cd translocation from roots to shoots. Results provide the fundamental information for the application of exogenous S in reversal of heavy metal stress.
The Preparation and Properties of Porous Sepiolite Ceramics
Authors: Tian Li , Wang Lijuan , Wang Kailei , Zhang Yuedan , Liang Jinsheng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this paper, a new type of porous ceramics was prepared using the raw sepiolite mineral. The porous ceramics was shaped by the dry pressing method and sintered in the range of 700 ~ 1200 °C. The temperature-microstructure evolution and the properties of porous sepiolite ceramics were investigated by thermo gravimetric and differential thermal analyses (TG-DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), bending strength, compressive strength, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mercury intrusion porosimeter (MIP). The sintering kinetics of the porous ceramics from sepiolite was investigated by means of stepwise isothermal dilatometry (SID). The mechanical properties improved with the increasing sintering temperature, and the bending strength and compression strength reached a maximum of 52 MPa and 32 MPa respectively at 1200 °C. The porosity increased with the sintering temperature until 1100 °C attaining the value of 55.40% and then decreased to a value of 46.48% at 1200 °C. The main crystal phases of the porous ceramics were akermanite and diopside. At 1200 °C, the pores inside the ceramics basically follows a unimodal distribution, which was mainly located near 553 nm. The sintering activation energy of porous sepiolite ceramics was measured by step isothermal thermal expansion with a value of 791.42 kJ/mol in the range of 1000 °C to 1200 °C.
A novel approach to determine generalist nematophagous microbes reveals Mortierella globalpina as a new biocontrol agent against Meloidogyne spp. nematodes
Authors: DiLegge Michael J. , Manter Daniel K. , Vivanco Jorge M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRoot-knot nematodes (RKN) such as Meloidogyne spp. are among the most detrimental pests in agriculture affecting several crops. New methodologies to manage RKN are needed such as efficient discovery of nematophagous microbes. In this study, we developed an in vitro high-throughput method relying on the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and the infection of those nematodes with a soil slurry containing a microbiome likely to house nematophagous microbes. Nematodes were monitored for presence of infection and sub-cultured repeatedly for the purpose of isolating pure cultures of the microbe responsible for conferring the nematicidal activity. Once soil microbes were confirmed to be antagonistic to C. elegans, they were tested for pathogenicity against Meloidogyne chitwoodi. Using this methodology, the fungal isolate Mortierella globalpina was confirmed to be pathogenic in vitro against M. chitwoodi by nematode trapping via hyphal adhesion to the cuticle layer, penetration of the cuticle layer, and subsequently digestion of its cellular contents. M. globalpina was also observed to reduce disease symptomology of RKNs in vivo via significant reduction of root-galls on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. Rutgers).
diffcyt: Differential discovery in high-dimensional cytometry via high-resolution clustering
Authors: Weber Lukas M. , Nowicka Malgorzata , Soneson Charlotte , Robinson Mark D. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHigh-dimensional flow and mass cytometry allow cell types and states to be characterized in great detail by measuring expression levels of more than 40 targeted protein markers per cell at the single-cell level. However, data analysis can be difficult, due to the large size and dimensionality of datasets as well as limitations of existing computational methods. Here, we present diffcyt, a new computational framework for differential discovery analyses in high-dimensional cytometry data, based on a combination of high-resolution clustering and empirical Bayes moderated tests adapted from transcriptomics. Our approach provides improved statistical performance, including for rare cell populations, along with flexible experimental designs and fast runtimes in an open-source framework.
Three‐level GaN inverter with SiC diodes for a possible three‐phase high power solution
Authors: Aguilar Vega F. , Mukherjee N. , Carter R. , Fuerst J. , Diepold F. 
Published: May 2019

GaN device is a potential alternative to SiC as a wide band gap device. At present, there are almost no high‐voltage GaN devices above 650 V, which makes an inverter design difficult for three‐phase input using the standard two‐level (2L) inverters. Therefore, at present, a three‐level (3L) inverter is an obvious choice for the GaN inverter for three‐phase 400/480 V input applications. Moreover, a 2L inverter suffers from drawbacks like increased filtering efforts, high dv /dt and limited switching frequency due to the effect of power loss on semiconductors. Therefore, at the medium‐to‐high‐power level, a hard switched GaN inverter with a 2L structure is still questionable. To address some of the challenges, this study brings in a 700 V dc‐link‐based three‐phase, 3L inverter with GaN and SiC diodes. This study discusses multiple aspects of the design such as (a) advantages over the 2L design at a higher power, (b) filters designs, (c) power losses in the devices and (d) design challenges of the inverter through comprehensive simulation models and experimental investigations. The study claims that the GaN inverter for the medium‐to‐high‐power level makes more sense with a 3L design.