bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of gut microbiota in hormone‐sensitive and castration‐resistant prostate cancer in Japanese men
Authors: Fujimoto Saizo , Hatano Koji , Banno Eri , Motooka Daisuke , De Velasco Marco Antonio , Kura Yurie , Toyoda Shingo , Hashimoto Mamoru , Adomi Shogo , Minami Takafumi , Yoshimura Kazuhiro , Oka Toshiki , Hata Junya , Matsushita Makoto , Takao Tetsuya , Takada Shingo , Tsujimura Akira , Kojima Yasuyuki , Obara Wataru , Nakamura Shota , Uemura Hirotsugu , Nonomura Norio , Fujita Kazutoshi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGut microbiota plays a crucial role in the development and progression of prostate cancer, with previous studies indicating that certain bacterial taxa are more abundant in castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) compared to hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC). Notably, the composition of gut microbiota can vary significantly by geographic region, and Japanese individuals have a distinct microbial profile. However, research exploring these differences within Japanese populations remains limited. This study investigated the gut microbiota differences between Japanese men with HSPC and CRPC and further validated these findings using a transgenic mouse model. Rectal swab samples were collected from 140 Japanese men diagnosed with HSPC (n = 84) or CRPC (n = 56) between September 2020 and July 2022. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Additionally, Pten‐KO mice, which model the progression from HSPC to CRPC, underwent similar microbiota analysis. Results revealed significant differences in gut microbiota composition between HSPC and CRPC patients. Specifically, the CRPC group showed a higher abundance of Firmicutes, including Gemella and Lactobacillus, compared to the HSPC group. These differences were mirrored in the mouse model, where CRPC mice also showed an increase in these bacteria. This study identifies distinct microbial differences between HSPC and CRPC in Japanese men, suggesting that Gemella and Lactobacillus may be associated with the progression to castration resistance in prostate cancer. These findings suggest that gut microbiota differences may be associated with prostate cancer progression. Further research is needed to explore the potential of targeting the microbiota as a therapeutic strategy.
Nonpharmacological Interventions Aimed at Promoting the Mental Health of Children and Adolescents During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review
Authors: Quiroga Carolina Villanova , Caobelli Anna Clara Sarmento Leite , Rodrigues Gabriela Veiga Alano , Viola Thiago Wendt 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundInterventions to promote mental health in paediatrics need to be effective, especially in crisis contexts. This systematic review proposes to compile and analyse the findings of nonpharmacological interventions conducted in samples of children and adolescents during the COVID‐19 pandemic, focusing on mental health.MethodsThe research was carried out in PsycINFO, PubMed and Web of Science databases for empirical studies, including interventions in which measures of outcome variables were collected at least twice (pre and post). The studies' samples were children and adolescents up to 19 years old, and interventions were developed throughout the COVID‐19 pandemic. After eligibility analyses, 16 studies were included in this review.ResultsStudies used different theoretical approaches, focusing on the promotion, prevention and treatment of mental health in specific contexts. Some were delivered online, in‐person or in hybrid formats. Particularly, depression, the most frequently assessed outcome, demonstrated more favourable results within the interventions than other evaluated outcomes. However, due to the considerable risk of bias, the qualitative analysis of the results of many included studies should be performed with caution.ConclusionsMost of the interventions necessitate further validation, highlighting the ongoing need for research in this area. However, the emergence of interventions during crises, such as the COVID‐19 pandemic, provides an opportunity to expand evidence‐based mental health practices, paving the way for their application in other crisis situations. Given that mental health prevention and promotion practices can be integrated into the roles of all healthcare providers, possessing insight into the most suitable evidence‐based interventions can elevate the quality of care delivered.
Services Addressing Mental Health Needs of Youth in Physical Rehabilitation: Perspectives of Clinicians, Youth and Family Members
Authors: Tremblay Stephanie M. , Lal Shalini , Ferro Mark A. , Anaby Dana 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundKnowledge about services addressing mental health provided in a rehabilitation setting to youth with physical disabilities is limited. This study aimed to better understand the needs, supports, challenges and potential solutions to optimize rehabilitation services for co‐occurring physical and mental health needs, from the perspectives of youth, family members and clinicians.MethodsA qualitative descriptive approach using 22 individual interviews with youth, parents and clinicians from five rehabilitation centres in a large Canadian city was employed. Inductive thematic analysis was conducted.ResultsThree themes were identified across the three stakeholder groups: (1) available clinical resources for mental health (access to mental health professionals, impact of organizational structures and mandates and continuity of services during transition to adult care); (2) clinician workforce capacity (mental health knowledge, skills and professional development, and therapeutic rapport between clinician and youth); and (3) links and partnerships with key players (improved pathways to access mental health services across programmes and organizations, and family involvement and advocacy).ConclusionThis study provides insights to barriers for mental health care (such as limited mental health knowledge, tools and professional development and access to specialists within the team, restrictive organizational mandates and disruption of services during the transition to adult care), illustrating important aspects to address. Clinicians can be better equipped to address mental health in rehabilitation settings via training opportunities and peer and organizational support in addition to establishing links with external partners. Organizations can also ensure adequate staffing and create pathways within and beyond their institutions to deliver well‐coordinated mental health services in a more accessible way.
Diet Quality Scores and Central Precocious Puberty Risk in Chinese Girls: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Qin Yujie , Deng Hongyang , Lu Mengnan , Liu Lujie , Li Meng , Zhou Jing , Xiao Yanfeng 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveDiet is an important factor influencing central precocious puberty (CPP). This study aimed to investigate the relationship among diet quality, pro‐inflammatory diets, and CPP in Chinese girls.Design, Patients and MeasurementsThis case–control study enroled 112 Chinese girls with CPP and 131 healthy controls. Children's dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire, anthropometric and sociodemographic data were collected and serum interleukin‐6 levels were measured. We calculated the Children's Dietary Inflammatory Index (C‐DII), Chinese Children's Dietary Index (CCDI), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score, and the adjusted Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (aDASH) score. The association between diet and the risk of CPP was analysed using logistic regression models.ResultsAfter adjustment, higher C‐DII scores were associated with an increased risk of CPP (P for trend = 0.034), and aDASH scores were significantly negatively associated with the risk of CPP (P for trend = 0.048). Serum IL‐6 levels were significantly higher in the case group than in the control group and were positively correlated with the risk of CPP (P for trend = 0.006).ConclusionsHigh‐quality dietary patterns and an anti‐inflammatory diet may contribute to the prevention of CPP in Chinese girls.
The State of the Art in User‐Adaptive Visualizations
Authors: Yanez Fernando , Conati Cristina , Ottley Alvitta , Nobre Carolina 
Published: December 2024

AbstractResearch shows that user traits can modulate the use of visualization systems and have a measurable influence on users' accuracy, speed, and attention when performing visual analysis. This highlights the importance of user‐adaptive visualization that can modify themselves to the characteristics and preferences of the user. However, there are very few such visualization systems, as creating them requires broad knowledge from various sub‐domains of the visualization community. A user‐adaptive system must consider which user traits they adapt to, their adaptation logic and the types of interventions they support. In this STAR, we survey a broad space of existing literature and consolidate them to structure the process of creating user‐adaptive visualizations into five components: Capture Ⓐ Input from the user and any relevant peripheral information. Perform computational Ⓑ User Modelling with this input to construct a Ⓒ User Representation. Employ Ⓓ Adaptation Assignment logic to identify when and how to introduce Ⓔ Interventions. Our novel taxonomy provides a road map for work in this area, describing the rich space of current approaches and highlighting open areas for future work.
The Distribution and Therapeutic Effectiveness of Clinical Unilateral Ménière's Disease Phenotypes
Authors: Chen Yongjia , Cai Xinzhang , Zhang Yulu , He Chufeng , Wu Xuewen , Jiang Lu , Chen Hongsheng , Liu Jing , Pang Bo , Zhang Shuai , Chen Anhai , Jiang Mengzhu , Huang Huping , Bai Yijiang , Nie Zequn , Mei Lingyun 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe first purpose of this study was to ascertain the distribution of unilateral Ménière's disease (MD) clinical subgroups in China and compare with the population reported in Europe and the United States. The second purpose was to investigate the effectiveness in different clinical phenotypes.MethodsParticipants were categorised into one of five subtypes using a previously reported classification scheme based on cluster analysis. The distribution and clinical characteristics were analysed and compared with the two cohorts reported in Europe and the United States. Participants were followed up to observe the therapeutic effectiveness over a 2‐year period.ResultsA total of 245 patients diagnosed with UMD were enrolled in the study, with 84 of these participants providing complete and detailed follow‐up data. All of the unilateral MD patients were accurately classified: 58.0% were classic MD, 25.7% were delayed MD, 1.2% was familial MD, 12.7% were sporadic MD with migraine and 2.4% were autoimmune MD. Our findings revealed a significant difference in the distribution between this cohort and the European cohort. Follow‐up assessments revealed worse vertigo control rate in the patients with migraine compared to the classical MD (50.0% vs. 82.6%, p = 0.034).ConclusionThe distribution of unilateral MD subtypes in this Chinese population differs from that in the European population, and the therapeutic effectiveness varies across subtypes in this cohort. Our study highlights the importance of the clinical heterogeneity in unilateral MD, and further studies are needed to identify the optimal interventions for specific subgroups.
Population pharmacokinetic analysis identifies an absorption process model for mycophenolic acid in patients with renal transplant
Authors: Suzuki Yuki , Matsunaga Noriko , Aoyama Takahiko , Ogami Chika , Hasegawa Chihiro , Iida Satofumi , To Hideto , Kitahara Takashi , Tsuji Yasuhiro 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe pharmacokinetics (PKs) of mycophenolic acid (MPA) exhibit considerable complexity and large variability. We developed a population pharmacokinetic (popPK) model to predict the complex PK of MPA by examining an absorption model. Forty‐two patients who had undergone renal transplantation were included in this study. popPK analysis, incorporating several absorption models, was performed using the nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling program NONMEM. The MPA area under the concentration‐time curve at 0–12 h (AUC0–12) was simulated using the final model to calculate the recommended dose. The PK of MPA was adequately described using a two‐compartment model incorporating sequential zero‐ and first‐order absorption with lag time. Total body weight, renal function (RF), and posttransplantation day (PTD) were included as covariates affecting MPA PK. The final model estimates were 7.56, 11.6 L/h, 104.0 L, 17.3 L/h, 169.0 L, 0.0453, 0.283, and 1.95 h for apparent nonrenal clearance, apparent renal clearance, apparent central volume of distribution, apparent intercompartmental clearance, apparent peripheral volume of distribution, absorption half‐life, lag time, and duration of zero‐order absorption, respectively. Simulation results showed that a dose regimen of 500–1000 mg twice daily is recommended during the early posttransplantation period. However, dose reduction could be required with increased PTD and decreased RF. The complex PK of MPA was explained using an absorption model. The developed popPK model can provide useful information regarding individual dosing regimens based on PTD and RF.
Caring for the environment: Plastic waste management and environmental concerns in Colombian coffee‐growing communities
Authors: Arboleda Muñoz Germán Antonio , Palacios Lily Marcela , Portela Guarín Hugo , Villada Castillo Héctor Samuel 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA study was conducted with coffee growers from the municipalities of Caldono (Cauca) and Pitalito (Huila) in Colombia. Workshops, participant observation and farm visits were used to identify elements to understand (a) practices to the care of the environment, (b) the perception of the use of plastic materials, and (c) perspective toward biodegradable packages in their practices. Among the main results are an awareness for the care of the water resource and the care of the trees as its main contributions to the protection of its environment. In both communities, the problem is perceived due to the management of plastic waste and its influence on environmental deterioration due to poor management. They also recognize that the development of biodegradable bags can contribute to caring for their environment and make their economic activity more sustainable.
Education‐based differences in alcohol health literacy in Germany
Authors: Kilian Carolin , Liebig Moritz , Manthey Jakob 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntroductionAlcohol health literacy is critical for informed consumer decision making but has yet received limited attention in public health research. We therefore seek to measure alcohol health literacy and its educational distribution in Germany.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, we developed and applied a brief nine‐item questionnaire on alcohol health literacy in an adult convenience sample (n = 391; February to April 2023). The association of educational attainment with ‘insufficient’ alcohol health literacy was tested in adjusted logistic regression models.ResultsInsufficient alcohol health literacy was recorded in 47.8% of men and 41.1% of women in our sample. While most respondents correctly identified common misconceptions and wrong beliefs about alcohol and were able to specify low‐risk drinking limits for women and women during pregnancy, only few correctly identified all alcohol‐related health conditions, especially respiratory and infectious diseases. Respondents with low education were 1.35 (risk ratio [RR], 95% confidence interval 1.09–1.50, p = 0.014) times more likely to have been classified as having insufficient alcohol health literacy than high‐educated respondents. There was no statistically significant difference between respondents with medium versus high education (RR = 1.22, 95% confidence interval 0.99–1.43, p = 0.060).Discussion and ConclusionsEducational gaps in alcohol health literacy question a policy rationale that is fundamentally based on the premise of informed consumer choice. Strategies to raise alcohol health literacy must ensure that they reach all population groups, for instance, by providing health warning labels on alcohol containers.
The effect of HbA1c variability on the efficacy of intensive blood pressure control in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Wang Xiaopu , Pei Junyu , Zheng Keyang , Liu Maojun , Hu Xinqun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimsThe efficacy of intensive blood pressure (BP) control remains controversial, and the variability of HbA1c was a risk factor for macrovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes. We investigated whether the HbA1c variability modifies the efficacy of intensive BP control.MethodsData from the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Blood Pressure (ACCORD‐BP) trial was utilized. K‐means clustering was used to cluster patients into three groups based on the HbA1c variability score and baseline HbA1c values. Cox proportional hazard models and generalized linear models were used to measure the subgroup differences in intensive BP control treatment effects. The primary outcome was a composite of nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, or death from cardiovascular causes.ResultsIn patients with low HbA1c variability rather than medium or high HbA1c variability, intensive BP control reduced the risk of the primary outcome on a relative scale (HR 0.60, 95%CI 0.40–0.90, p interaction was 0.03), non‐fatal MI (HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.37–1.00, p interaction was 0.04) and stroke (HR 0.19, 95%CI 0.05–0.64, p interaction was 0.02) or absolute scale. Regardless of the variability group, intensive BP control did not reduce the risk of cardiovascular or all‐cause mortality (p interaction >0.05) both on relative and absolute risk scales.ConclusionHbA1c variability had effect on the efficacy of intensive BP control and intensive BP control brought a significant macrovascular benefit in patients with type 2 diabetes and low HbA1c variability.
Bacterial Diseases: An Emerging Threat for Central European Forest and Urban Trees?
Authors: Dennert Francesca , Augustinus Benno A. , Ruffner Beat , Queloz Valentin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBacterial tree diseases have been mainly studied in agriculture and horticulture. For forest trees, damage due to bacterial diseases is understudied. Moreover, bacterial tree diseases often appear in the context of so‐called complex diseases, which are dependent on other factors, such as multiple microorganisms, insects or abiotic factors which weaken the host. In recent years, outbreaks of bacterial tree diseases, such as Xylella fastidiosa in the Mediterranean region or acute oak decline (AOD) in the United Kingdom, raised the awareness of bacterial diseases on forest trees. In this review, we aim to summarise the current issues and available knowledge about bacterial diseases of forest trees in Central Europe. Furthermore, we identify potential bacterial pathogens that could gain importance in the future for central European forests. The methods used were a systematic literature search and the analysis of the data collected over the last 10 years on bacterial diseases by the Swiss forest protection service. We conclude that, on one side, complex bacterial diseases could increase in importance, especially considering ongoing climate change. Therefore, the bacterial community of diseased trees (the pathobiome) needs to be studied more in depth to understand the emergence of complex bacterial diseases. On the other side, host ranges of highly pathogenic invasive genera and species, such as Xylella, need to be investigated experimentally for common central European tree species and varieties, to implement proactive risk management strategies against bacterial diseases in forest trees. Finally, urban trees and green spaces should be monitored more closely, as they could serve as starting points for bacterial disease outbreaks in forests, similarly to other emerging diseases and pathogens.
Effect of autophagy blockage on trigeminal neuropathic pain in rats: Role of microglia
Authors: Yuan Xuechun , Lu Yanzhu , Zhang Xiaoqi , Tang Yufei , Wen Shangyou , Lai Wenli , Long Hu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMicroglia activation and autophagy changes are associated with the regulation of pain, but no study to date has been designed to address whether these features apply to trigeminal neuropathic pain. This study aimed to investigate how alterations in autophagy affect nociceptive behaviors may be associated with microglia activation in the caudal part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus (SpVC) in a rat model of trigeminal neuropathic pain. This model was established by chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve. Autophagy inhibitors and agonists were injected into the lateral ventricle to regulate autophagy. The autophagy markers microtubule‐associated protein light chain 3 I (LC3‐I), LC3‐II, sequestosome1 (p62), and LC‐3 were examined by western blotting and/or immunofluorescence. The microglia marker ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba‐1) was examined by immunohistochemistry. Nociceptive behavior changes were detected by measuring the mechanical thresholds and face‐grooming duration. The results showed that microglia in SpVC were activated, and autophagy flux was blocked in the trigeminal neuropathic pain model. Autophagy agonists inhibited microglia activation and alleviated nociceptive behaviors. In contrast, autophagy inhibitors further activated microglia and exacerbated nociceptive behaviors. In a rat model of trigeminal neuropathic pain, autophagy blockage leads to microglia activation, which significantly influences nociceptive processes.
Exposure and Sensitivity of Terrestrial Vertebrates to Biological Invasions Worldwide
Authors: Marino Clara , Leroy Boris , Latombe Guillaume , Bellard Céline 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWhile biological invasions continue to threaten biodiversity, most of current assessments focus on the sole exposure to invasive alien species (IAS), without considering native species' response to the threat. Here, we address this gap by assessing vertebrates' vulnerability to biological invasions, combining measures of both (i) exposure to 304 identified IAS and (ii) realized sensitivity of 1600 native vertebrates to this threat. We used the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species to identify species threatened by IAS, their distribution, and the species' range characteristics of their associated IAS. We found that 38% of worldwide terrestrial lands are exposed to biological invasions, but exposure alone was insufficient to assess vulnerability since we further found that most of the world hosted native species sensitive to biological invasions. We delineated areas highly vulnerable to biological invasions, that is, combining areas of high exposure and high sensitivity to IAS, located in Australia and coastal states of North America with a high confidence level, but also—depending on the group—in Pacific islands, Southern America, Western Europe, Southern Africa, Eastern Asia, and New‐Zealand with a medium confidence level. Assessing the completeness in exposure data, we revealed strong biases in the global description of the well‐known invasion hotspots, with limited areas being assessed with a medium to high confidence level. The completeness of sensitivity was overall very high, for the three studied taxonomic groups. We also demonstrated that coldspots of vulnerability to biological invasions were areas of low confidence in terms of data completeness, which coincided with biodiversity hotspots. There is thus a critical need to address these knowledge shortfalls which jeopardize efficient conservation initiatives, regarding the threats to well‐known vertebrate taxa.