bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of predation, body condition and temperature on incubation rhythms of white‐tailed ptarmigan Lagopus leucurus
Authors: Wiebe Karen L. , Martin Kathy 
Published: May 2018

The effects of predation risk, body condition of females, and microclimate at the nest site on timing and length of incubation recesses at 30 nests of white‐tailed ptarmigan Lagopus leucurus were examined. Incubation patterns in 1994 (an early year) were also compared to those of 1995, an unusually late spring with low temperatures. Data on incubation schedules were obtained by placing programable temperature data‐loggers in nests and by direct observation of incubating females. Some egg depredation was associated with movements of hens to and from nests, but there were no apparent differences in risk between crepuscular recesses and daytime recesses. Ptarmigan showed high nest attentiveness (>90%) in both years of the study but took significantly more recesses of longer duration in 1995 than in 1994. This suggests that the amount of recess time was affected by body condition of the female which was lower during incubation in 1995. The overall number of recesses per day did not vary according to cover at the nest site; however, females with nests that had no overhead cover did not leave during the warmest part of the day. It is suggested that timing of recesses in this population of ptarmigan is related to microclimate and body condition, rather than being a strategy to avoid predation.
Effect of Αlfa-Tocopherol on Pain and Inflammation of Rats
Authors: Juaira Tasneema , Begum Noorzahan , Yusuf Md Abdullah , Patwary Mohammad Asaduzzaman 
Published: May 2018

Background: Alfa-tocopherol (αT) is a naturally occurring lipid soluble anti-oxidant that protects our body from oxidative process.Objective: The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of α-tocopherol on pain and inflammation in rats.Methodology: This prospective experimental study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbag, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2013 to December 2013. Ten (10) male Long Evans rats, weighing 180 to 250 grams, were collected from Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation for Diabetic Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM), Shahbag, Dhaka for this purpose. On the basis of vitamin, all the rats were divided into two (02) groups (5 rats in each group). Group A received normal saline and group B received α-tocopherol. All the groups received single dose and equal volume through intraperitoneal route. Just one hour after administrations, 5 rats of each group were subjected to formalin test followed by formalin induced paw edema test.Results: In early, inter and late phases, the frequencies of jerking was significantly lower in group B than that of group A. In the early and late phases of formalin test duration of flexing and licking was significantly (p<0.05) lower in group B than that of group. In this study, mean±SE of paw edema volume in group A (0.28 ± 0.02 ml) was higher than that of group B (0.20 ± 0.03) but the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.070). Supplementation with single loading dose of α-tocopherol significantly (p<0.05) lowered the variables for nociceptive pain, central analgesic activity and inflammatory pain in comparison to normal saline treated group (control). Inflammations were also non-significantly reduced than those of control rats. Conclusion: From this study it may be concluded that, single loading dose of α-tocopherol have analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect.Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research 2018;5(1):15-18
Rapid and Quantitative Determination of Soil Water-Soluble Nitrogen Based on Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Analysis
Authors: Dong Tao , Xiao Shupei , He Yong , Tang Yu , Nie Pengcheng , Lin Lei , Qu Fangfang , Luo Shaoming 
Published: May 2018

An accurate and rapid determination of soil water-soluble nitrogen is conducive to scientific fertilization in precision agriculture. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a highly sensitive fingerprint with the advantages of simple operation and high detection efficiency. In this paper, partial least squares (PLS), principal components analysis (PCA), and least squares supports vector machine (LS-SVM) were applied to analyze the relationship between soil water-soluble nitrogen concentration and SERS. The results showed that the SERS-enhancing effect based on Opto Trace Raman 202 (OTR 202) was better than that of silver nanosubstrate and gold nanosubstrate. In addition, the prediction accuracy of soil water-soluble nitrogen in PLS was the highest ( R p 2 = 0.91 , RMSE p = 8.76 mg / L , R P D = 3.00 ) when the original spectra were preprocessed with first-derivative. Moreover, 1028, 1370, 1436, and 1636 cm−1 could be determined as characteristic peaks of soil water-soluble nitrogen, the association between soil water-soluble nitrogen concentration and a SERS intensity of 1370 cm−1 was the highest ( R p 2 = 0.94 ) , and the regression equation was y = 93.491x + 1771.5. Beyond that, the prediction accuracy of distinguishing between a low soil water-soluble nitrogen concentration (22.7–63.7 mg/L) and a high soil water-soluble nitrogen concentration (70.5–118.3 mg/L) based on PCA and LS-LVM was 86.67%. In conclusion, soil water-soluble nitrogen could be detected rapidly and quantitatively using SERS, which was beneficial to provide a rapid, accurate, and reliable scheme for scientific and precise fertilization.
La prise en compte des émotions : une solution pour les logiciels éducatifs pour enfants déficients intellectuels
Authors: Michel Gabriel , Jobert Magali 
Published: May 2018

Les enfants déficients cognitifs sont oubliés par les technologies
éducatives. Nous montrons d’abord qu’il existe peu de logiciels qui leur sont adaptés. Notre travail avec ces enfants, les éducateurs et les parents a abouti à la conception d’un didacticiel spécifique plus compatible que les logiciels actuels et a permis de construire un certain nombre de recommandations ergonomiques. Mais pour aller plus loin, nous avons fait le pari de l’introduction des émotions dans nos interfaces. Nous avons reconstruit un univers virtuel qu’on ne trouve pas dans les didacticiels actuels, souvent neutres et lisses : il s’agit d’un univers de contes qui relate des histoires crues qui semblent réelles et qui sont souvent plus proches de la réalité de ces enfants. Les premières évaluations de ce didacticiel sont prometteuses.
Étude des déterminants psychologiques de la persistance dans l’usage d’un jeu sérieux : évaluation de l'environnement optimal d'apprentissage avec Mecagenius®
Authors: Heutte Jean , Galaup Michel , Lelardeux Catherine , Lagarrigue Pierre , Fenouillet Fabien 
Published: May 2018

L''objectif de cet article est de mettre en évidence que des concepts clés de la motivation sont pertinents pour évaluer l’usage d’un
serious game. Les résultats de l’étude exploratoire menée auprès d’étudiants (N= 115) impliqués dans l’expérimentation in situ, in vivo de Mecagenius ® (jeu dédié aux formations en génie mécanique) permettent aussi confirmer la pertinence de l’usage de l’échelle de mesure du flow en éducation (EduFlow) pour l’évaluation de l’expérience optimale d’apprentissage avec un serious game. Il apparaît par ailleurs qu’EduFlow est bien en relation avec des mesures spécifiques au contexte scolaire comme l’autoefficacité, l’intérêt, et le climat motivationnel.
Disparités régionales de l'évolution de la population urbaine en R.D.A.
Authors: Sevrin Robert 
Published: May 2018

The G.D.R. (German Democratic Republic) is an extensively urbanised country. During the last two decades the urban population tends to grow slowly, while the total national population continues to decrease.
Also, because of the youth of the population in the new cities, many of the urban districts have a birth rate higher than the national mean.
Two big kinds of structure differentiate the urban habitat of G.D.R. : the slightly industrialised regions of the north as opposed to the big connurbations of the south.
Marxisme et géographie urbaine
Authors: Boyer Jean-Claude , Burgel Guy , Deneux Jean-François 
Published: May 2018

Pourquoi le marxisme exerce-t-il une si faible influence en géographie urbaine ? Cela ne tient pas tant à l'objet de l'étude (la sociologie urbaine le prouve a contrario) qu'à l'orientation de la géographie dans son ensemble : discipline descriptive, visant à l'appréhension du «réel» et répugnant à la conceptualisation. En outre, le marxisme a souvent présenté un visage rébarbatif (schématisme, sectarisme), et son assimilation (abusive) au communisme a accentué les blocages.
Les auteurs de cette introduction cherchent à comprendre les raisons d'une non-rencontre et ouvrent un débat qui se poursuit tout au long du volume.
Périphérie urbaine et intervention étatique à Mexico
Authors: Núñez González Óscar 
Published: May 2018

PERIPHERAL URBAN AREAS AND STATE INTERVENTION IN MEXICO CITY
This study is based on surveys carried out in eighteen working-class suburbs on the outskirts of Mexico City. Two main topics were covered : firstly, the strategies of agents who intervened in the processes of land acquisition and allocation, and property régularisation, and secondly, the forms of organisation of social groups and their relationship with the state. Two types of agent can be identified, according to the type of land ownership and their role is a determining one. The first group are developers who are building on state and private land, and the second are the ejido commissioners who intervene in ejido and communal land. Although relations between occupants and developers vary according to cases, explicit intervention (regularization) and implicit intervention (tolerance) by the authorities is relevant in both cases.
An analysis of the nature, role and logics of state intervention provides an understanding of the issues at stake in the question of urban land and its function as a means of regulating social relation. The state's apparent laissez-faire policy masks indirect intervention with which it is aiming to establish organisational formations based on community relationships or managed by state-appointed organizations, and thus avoid an independent mobilisation of the working-classes. It would seem that relations between the state and the masses constitute the main decisive, variable factor in the study of social formations in all the surburbs on the outskirts of Mexico City.
An Improved Transit Measurement for a 2.4 R⊕ Planet Orbiting A Bright Mid-M Dwarf K2–28
Authors: Chen Ge , Knutson Heather A. , Dressing Courtney D. , Morley Caroline V. , Werner Michael , Gorjian Varoujan , Beichman Charles , Benneke Björn , Christiansen Jessie L. , Ciardi David , Crossfield Ian , Howell Steve B. , Krick Jessica E. , Livingston John , Morales Farisa Y. , Schlieder Joshua E. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We present a new Spitzer transit observation of K2–28b, a sub-Neptune (R
p = 2.45 ± 0.28 R
⊕) orbiting a relatively bright (V
mag = 16.06, K
mag = 10.75) metal-rich M4 dwarf (EPIC 206318379). This star is one of only seven with masses less than 0.2

known to host transiting planets, and the planet appears to be a slightly smaller analogue of GJ 1214b (

). Our new Spitzer observations were taken two years after the original K2 discovery data and have a significantly higher cadence, allowing us to derive improved estimates for this planet’s radius, semimajor axis, and orbital period, which greatly reduce the uncertainty in the prediction of near future transit times for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) observations. We also evaluate the system’s suitability for atmospheric characterization with JWST and find that it is currently the only small (

) and cool (<600 K) planet aside from GJ 1214b with a potentially detectable secondary eclipse. We also note that this system is a favorable target for near-infrared radial velocity instruments on larger telescopes (e.g., the Habitable Planet Finder on the Hobby–Eberly Telescope), making it one of only a handful of small, cool planets accessible with this technique. Finally, we compare our results with the simulated catalog of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and find K2–28b to be representative of the kind of mid-M systems that should be detectable in the TESS sample.
A Mini-BAL Outflow at 900 pc from the Central Source: VLT/X-shooter Observations
Authors: Xu Xinfeng , Arav Nahum , Miller Timothy , Benn Chris 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We determine the physical conditions and location of the outflow material seen in the mini-BAL quasar SDSS J1111+1437 (z = 2.138). These results are based on the analysis of a high S/N, medium-resolution VLT/X-shooter spectrum. The main outflow component spans the velocity range −1500 to −3000 km s−1 and has detected absorption troughs from both high-ionization species: C iv, N v, O vi, Si iv, P v, and S iv; and low-ionization species: H i, C ii, Mg ii, Al ii, Al iii, Si ii, and Si iii. Measurements of these troughs allow us to derive an accurate photoionization solution for this absorption component: a hydrogen column density,

cm−2 and ionization parameter,

. Troughs produced from the ground and excited states of S iv combined with the derived

value allow us to determine an electron number density of

cm−3 and to obtain the distance of the ionized gas from the central source:

pc.
Star-forming Galaxies as AGN Imposters? A Theoretical Investigation of the Mid-infrared Colors of AGNs and Extreme Starbursts
Authors: Satyapal Shobita , Abel Nicholas P. , Secrest Nathan J. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We conduct for the first time a theoretical investigation of the mid-infrared spectral energy distribution (SED) produced by dust heated by an active galactic nucleus (AGN) and an extreme starburst. These models employ an integrated modeling approach using photoionization and stellar population synthesis models in which both the line and emergent continuum is predicted from gas exposed to the ionizing radiation from a young starburst and an AGN. In this work, we focus on the infrared colors from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, predicting the dependence of the colors on the input radiation field, the interstellar medium conditions, the obscuring column, and the metallicity. We find that an extreme starburst can mimic an AGN in two band mid-infrared color cuts employed in the literature. However, the three-band color cuts employed in the literature require starbursts with extremely high ionization parameters or gas densities. We show that the extreme mid-infrared colors seen in some blue compact dwarf galaxies are not due to metallicity but rather a combination of high ionization parameters and high column densities. Based on our theoretical calculations, we present a theoretical mid-infrared color cut that will exclude even the most extreme starburst that we have modeled in this work. The theoretical AGN demarcation region presented here can be used to identify elusive AGN candidates for future follow-up studies with the James Webb Space Telescope. The full suite of simulated SEDs are available online.
Stellar Population Properties of Ultracompact Dwarfs in M87: A Mass–Metallicity Correlation Connecting Low-metallicity Globular Clusters and Compact Ellipticals
Authors: Zhang Hong-Xin , Puzia Thomas H. , Peng Eric W. , Liu Chengze , Côté Patrick , Ferrarese Laura , Duc Pierre-Alain , Eigenthaler Paul , Lim Sungsoon , Lançon Ariane , Muñoz Roberto P. , Roediger Joel , Sánchez-Janssen Ruben , Taylor Matthew A. , Yu Jincheng 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We derive stellar population parameters for a representative sample of ultracompact dwarfs (UCDs) and a large sample of massive globular clusters (GCs) with stellar masses ≳ 106
M
⊙ in the central galaxy M87 of the Virgo galaxy cluster, based on model fitting to the Lick-index measurements from both the literature and new observations. After necessary spectral stacking of the relatively faint objects in our initial sample of 40 UCDs and 118 GCs, we obtain 30 sets of Lick-index measurements for UCDs and 80 for GCs. The M87 UCDs have ages ≳ 8 Gyr and [α/Fe] ≃ 0.4 dex, in agreement with previous studies based on smaller samples. The literature UCDs, located in lower-density environments than M87, extend to younger ages and smaller [α/Fe] (at given metallicities) than M87 UCDs, resembling the environmental dependence of the stellar nuclei of dwarf elliptical galaxies (dEs) in the Virgo cluster. The UCDs exhibit a positive mass–metallicity relation (MZR), which flattens and connects compact ellipticals at stellar masses ≳ 108
M
⊙. The Virgo dE nuclei largely follow the average MZR of UCDs, whereas most of the M87 GCs are offset toward higher metallicities for given stellar masses. The difference between the mass–metallicity distributions of UCDs and GCs may be qualitatively understood as a result of their different physical sizes at birth in a self-enrichment scenario or of galactic nuclear cluster star formation efficiency being relatively low in a tidal stripping scenario for UCD formation. The existing observations provide the necessary but not sufficient evidence for tidally stripped dE nuclei being the dominant contributors to the M87 UCDs.
Central-engine-powered Bright X-Ray Flares in Short Gamma-Ray Bursts: A Hint of a Black Hole–Neutron Star Merger?
Authors: Mu Hui-Jun , Gu Wei-Min , Mao Jirong , Hou Shu-Jin , Lin Da-Bin , Liu Tong 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Short gamma-ray bursts may originate from the merger of a double neutron star (NS) or the merger of a black hole (BH) and an NS. We propose that the bright X-ray flare related to the central engine reactivity may indicate a BH–NS merger, since such a merger can provide more fallback materials and therefore a more massive accretion disk than the NS–NS merger. Based on the 49 observed short bursts with the Swift/X-ray Telescope follow-up observations, we find that three bursts have bright X-ray flares, among which three flares from two bursts are probably related to the central engine reactivity. We argue that these two bursts may originate from the BH–NS merger rather than the NS–NS merger. Our suggested link between the central-engine-powered bright X-ray flare and the BH–NS merger event can be checked by future gravitational wave detections from advanced LIGO and Virgo.
A Chandra Survey of Milky Way Globular Clusters. I. Emissivity and Abundance of Weak X-Ray Sources
Authors: Cheng Zhongqun , Li Zhiyuan , Xu Xiaojie , Li Xiangdong 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Based on archival Chandra data, we have carried out an X-ray survey of 69, or nearly half the known population of, Milky Way globular clusters (GCs), focusing on weak X-ray sources, mainly cataclysmic variables (CVs) and coronally active binaries (ABs). Using the cumulative X-ray luminosity per unit stellar mass (i.e., X-ray emissivity) as a proxy of the source abundance, we demonstrate a paucity (lower by 41% ± 27% on average) of weak X-ray sources in most GCs relative to the field, which is represented by the Solar Neighborhood and Local Group dwarf elliptical galaxies. We also revisit the mutual correlations among the cumulative X-ray luminosity (L
X), cluster mass (M), and stellar encounter rate (Γ), finding

,

and

. The three quantities can further be expressed as

, which indicates that the dynamical formation of CVs and ABs through stellar encounters in GCs is less dominant than previously suggested, and that the primordial formation channel has a substantial contribution. Taking these aspects together, we suggest that a large fraction of primordial, soft binaries have been disrupted in binary–single or binary–binary stellar interactions before they could otherwise evolve into X-ray-emitting close binaries, whereas the same interactions also have led to the formation of new close binaries. No significant correlations between

and cluster properties, including dynamical age, metallicity, and structural parameters, are found.
Revisiting the Cooling Flow Problem in Galaxies, Groups, and Clusters of Galaxies
Authors: McDonald M. , Gaspari M. , McNamara B. R. , Tremblay G. R. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We present a study of 107 galaxies, groups, and clusters spanning ∼3 orders of magnitude in mass, ∼5 orders of magnitude in central galaxy star formation rate (SFR), ∼4 orders of magnitude in the classical cooling rate (

) of the intracluster medium (ICM), and ∼5 orders of magnitude in the central black hole accretion rate. For each system in this sample, we measure the ICM cooling rate,

, using archival Chandra X-ray data and acquire the SFR and systematic uncertainty in the SFR by combining over 330 estimates from dozens of literature sources. With these data, we estimate the efficiency with which the ICM cools and forms stars, finding

% for systems with

M
⊙ yr−1. For these systems, we measure a slope in the SFR–

relation greater than unity, suggesting that the systems with the strongest cool cores are also cooling more efficiently. We propose that this may be related to, on average, higher black hole accretion rates in the strongest cool cores, which could influence the total amount (saturating near the Eddington rate) and dominant mode (mechanical versus radiative) of feedback. For systems with

M
⊙ yr−1, we find that the SFR and

are uncorrelated and show that this is consistent with star formation being fueled at a low (but dominant) level by recycled ISM gas in these systems. We find an intrinsic log-normal scatter in SFR at a fixed

of 0.52 ± 0.06 dex (1σ rms), suggesting that cooling is tightly self-regulated over very long timescales but can vary dramatically on short timescales. There is weak evidence that this scatter may be related to the feedback mechanism, with the scatter being minimized (∼0.4 dex) for systems for which the mechanical feedback power is within a factor of two of the cooling luminosity.
Chandra and XMM-Newton Observations of the Abell 3395/Abell 3391 Intercluster Filament
Authors: Alvarez Gabriella E. , Randall Scott W. , Bourdin Hervé , Jones Christine , Holley-Bockelmann Kelly 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We present Chandra and XMM-Newton X-ray observations of the Abell 3391/Abell 3395 intercluster filament. It has been suggested that the galaxy clusters Abell 3395, Abell 3391, and the galaxy group ESO-161 -IG 006 located between the two clusters, are in alignment along a large-scale intercluster filament. We find that the filament is aligned close to the plane of the sky, in contrast to previous results. We find a global projected filament temperature kT =

keV, electron density

cm−3, and

M
⊙. The thermodynamic properties of the filament are consistent with that of the intracluster medium (ICM) of Abell 3395 and Abell 3391, suggesting that the filament emission is dominated by ICM gas that has been tidally disrupted during an early stage merger between these two clusters. We present temperature, density, entropy, and abundance profiles across the filament. We find that the galaxy group ESO-161 may be undergoing ram-pressure-stripping in the low-density environment at or near the virial radius of both clusters, due to its rapid motion through the filament.