bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal variations in soil CO2 efflux in an alpine meadow site on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wu Jianguo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTemporal variations in soil CO2 efflux and its direct links to soil microbial biomass and environmental factors in high‐elevation regions are poorly understood. In this study, I investigated the variations in soil CO2 efflux over time and their relationships to soil organic matter, soil microbial biomass and environmental factors in an alpine meadow site on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. The results showed notable monthly to seasonal changes in soil CO2 efflux in alpine meadows. The soil CO2 efflux was lower overall from January to May and from October to December than from June to September (p < 0.05); on a seasonal basis, the soil CO2 efflux was lower during the spring, autumn and winter than during the summer (p < 0.05). In addition, linear regression analysis showed that the temporal variations in soil CO2 efflux over the whole year decreased with soil microbial biomass carbon content (p < 0.05). Soil CO2 efflux was also positively related to air temperature and snow cover depth (p < 0.05). Multiregression and principal component regression analyses indicated that temporal variations in soil CO2 efflux were mainly caused by monthly and seasonal changes in air temperature and soil microbial biomass.
Towards the creative university: Five forms of creativity and beyond
Authors: Barnett Ronald 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Creative University is susceptible to multiple interpretations which are moving in a fluid conceptual space. This conceptual openness can be adequately understood only as a set of discursive formations that reflect underlying societal changes. It is becoming a commonplace to suggest that creativity should no longer be seen as a matter of heroic individuals at work, for creativity is always a networked matter, but that reflection has to be widened to encompass a sense of underlying shifting societal forces, with the economy central stage and hence the emergence of the hybrid idea of the creative economy. Qua institution, the creative university sits uneasily between discourses of economicism and societal flourishing. The creative university, accordingly, has to be seen in this milieu, which is steering the university but which also is affording it new possibilities for creativity. Five levels of creativity are identified that serve as domains in which these forces and affordances coexist. One such level, university reflexive creativity, is singled out as the most significant of the five. The creative university, it follows, unfolds as sets of interactions between individuals, institutional structures and corporate agency. Even as the constraints multiply, so too ever‐wider possibilities for the creative university may be opening.
Pasture restoration improvement methods for temperate degraded pastures and consequences of the climatic seasonality on soil–pasture complex
Authors: Descalzi Constanza A. , López Ignacio F. , Kemp Peter D. , Dörner José , Ordóñez Iván 
Published: October 2019

AbstractShort persistence of renovated pastures is a major problem for pastoral production systems. Pasture species establishment, species performance and persistency and their relationships with soil–water attributes following pasture improvement methods were evaluated over two years. Fertilised naturalised pasture (FNP), non‐fertilised naturalised pasture (NFNP),Lolium perenne–Trifolium repenscultivated pasture (CP),L. perenne–T. repensdirect‐drilled pasture (DP), andBromus valdivianus,Holcus lanatus,Dactylis glomerata,L. perenneandT. repensdirect‐drilled pasture (DDP) were established as a randomised complete block design. Pastures were limed, fertilised and sheep‐grazed. Plant growth compensatory mechanisms, by decreasing tiller number and increasing tiller size, equalised pasture yield during the establishment. In both years, the improved pastures yield was greater than that of NFNP. In the second year, DDP and FNP reached the higher pasture growth rate, with a seasonality diminishment. During the second summer, soil matrix potential at 0–20 cm soil profile exceeded the permanent wilting point, resulting in the pasture growth rate of NFNP and the sown pastures ranging from 0.0 to 3.6 kg DM/ha per day, while for FNP, it was 17.8 kg DM/ha per day. Sown species, fast‐growing species spontaneous colonisation and growth were all stimulated in the improved pastures over species that tolerate stress, improving agronomical and ecological pasture features.
Degradation of a SiC‐SiC composite in water vapor environments
Authors: Zok Frank W. , Maxwell Peter T. , Kawanishi Ken , Callaway Evan Benjamin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe article examines degradation of a SiC‐based fiber composite containing Tyranno ZMI fibers in water vapor at elevated temperatures (800°C and 1100°C). Degradation is characterized through mechanical tests under cyclic and quasi‐static tensile loading in the near‐threshold regime, at stresses at or slightly above the matrix cracking limit. These tests are augmented by examinations of fracture surfaces and polished cross‐sections, measurements of fracture mirror radii, and measurements of interfacial debond toughness and sliding resistance. Degradation involves highly localized consumption of fibers through reactions of water vapor with the fibers and the BN coatings in regions adjacent to the few matrix cracks present at low stresses; the global hysteresis response and the average interfacial properties are minimally affected. Boria formed by oxidation of BN appears to play a fluxing role; it combines with silica on the fibers to form a non‐protective molten glass. Inhomogeneous fiber consumption leads to stress concentrations in the fibers and hence reduced fiber strength. Spatial variations in the degradation process occur at two length scales: at the macroscopic scale, because of cracking of the external CVI SiC overcoat and subsequent water ingress through the cracks, and at the tow‐scale, because of cracking of the CVI SiC around the tows. Parsing the kinetic processes over the two length scales remains a significant challenge.
Corrosion modeling of magnesia aggregates in contact with CaO–MgO–SiO2 slags
Authors: Zhang Wenxuan , Huang Ao , Zou Yongshun , Gu Huazhi , Fu Lvping , Li Guangqiang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLadle refining is an efficient process for improvement of quality of steel on secondary metallurgy under harsh conditions. Magnesia refractories with high purity are important raw materials for ladle lining in high‐quality steel production. However, the penetration by CaO–MgO–SiO2 slags damages magnesia refractories, which considerably limits their service life. Abundant grain boundaries in magnesia create channels for slag penetration and lead to the destruction of the structure. The effect of the microstructure on the slag corrosion behavior of magnesia aggregates requires further systematic investigation. In this study, a corrosion model was established to describe the slag penetration process of magnesia aggregates. The effects of the grain‐boundary size and slag CaO/SiO2 mass ratio (C/S ratio) on slag penetration were investigated, and the possibility of the microstructure optimization of magnesia aggregates was discussed. The results indicated that magnesia aggregates exhibited excellent slag resistance for slag with a C/S ratio above 1.5 or even 2.0. When the slag C/S ratio was lower than 1.5, the dissolution rate of magnesia decreased more rapidly with the increase in the slag C/S ratio. In addition, the much smaller grain‐boundary size increased the slag penetration resistance by promoting the formation of a dense isolation layer and inhibiting further penetration processes. The calculation results agreed well with the experimental results, suggesting that the corrosion model is promising for predicting slag corrosion.
Connecting patients, practitioners, and regulators in supporting positive experiences and processes of shared decision making: A progress report
Authors: Browne Fiona , Bettles Steven , Clift Stacey , Walker Tim 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper describes a novel approach to explore how regulators, working with patients and practitioners, may contribute to supporting person‐centred care and processes of shared decision making in implementing professional standards and reducing harms. Osteopathic patients report high levels of patient care. However, areas of consultations less likely to be rated as high included “fully understanding your concerns,” “helping you to take control,” and “making a plan of action with you,” suggestive of a paternalistic approach to care and a barrier to the effective implementation of standards. This programme explored how to support patients and practitioners to make more explicit what is important to support consultations with better communication in accordance with standards. A series of workshops took place involving approximately 80 participants, which explored and identified practitioner and patient values; these were themed to develop a common framework and tested using case studies. Aspects of what enables or presents a barrier to a positive consultation were further explored with real patient narratives, and a range of resources were subsequently developed, which may support patients and practitioners to make explicit what is important to them in a consultation. A series of approaches and tools were then developed for piloting including patient curriculum vitae; patient goal planner; patient animation to support preparation for an appointment; infographic: a patient poster or leaflet; practitioner reflective tool; and an audio recording to increase awareness and understanding of values‐based practice. In conclusion, a range of approaches may help to support patients and practitioners to make explicit what is important to them in a consultation. The next phase of our programme will use a range of methods including cluster sampling, pre‐testing and post‐testing with the Consultation and Relational Empathy (CARE) measure tool, and interviews and focus groups with users and practitioners to demonstrate impact.
MLR and experimental testing for characterization and classification of damage resistance of maize hybrids based on mechanical properties
Authors: Su Yuan , Cui Tao , Zhang Dongxing , Xia Guoyi , Gao Xiaojun , He Xiaowei , Xu Yang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe mechanical properties of kernels and ears are important factors affecting the resistance of maize hybrids of mechanical impact. The mechanical properties of kernels and ears and broken rate (BR) of 28 hybrids were determined by uniaxial compression, shear, and hardness tests under standard operating conditions. A strong correlation was found between the BR and the mechanical properties of all maize hybrids, including the compression stress of the kernels in the X‐axis and Z‐axis, the shear force in the X‐axis, the rupture force of the ears, and the hardness of the endosperm. Three‐element BR model was developed to determine the relationship between the mechanical properties (compressive stress in the X‐axis and Z‐axis, hardness of horny endosperm) and the BR to characterize the resistance of maize hybrids to mechanical damage (Rs2 = 0.583). And all hybrids were classified into four groups based on those extracted characteristic mechanics, and the BR of each group has significant difference (p < .01). Research on the damage resistance and mechanical properties of various maize hybrids provides a theoretical basis for varietal food processing methods.Practical ApplicationsThe rapidly increase in maize hybrids and planting area places higher requirements on maize kernel processing. The broken rate of kernels determines the damage resistance processing performance of maize hybrids. The identification of the best maize hybrids for the mechanical process requires a limited number of simple, practical, and reliable tests that are able to predict the potential broken rate. This study evaluated the damage resistance and mechanical properties of commonly used commercial maize hybrids and provides reference data to develop suitable conditions for harvesting, storing, and handling of maize.
Polyunsaturated linolenoyl‐CoA modulates ERF‐VII‐mediated hypoxia signaling in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhou Ying , Tan Wei‐Juan , Xie Li‐Juan , Qi Hua , Yang Yi‐Cong , Huang Li‐Ping , Lai Yong‐Xia , Tan Yi‐Fang , Zhou De‐Mian , Yu Lu‐Jun , Chen Qin‐Fang , Chye Mee‐Len , Xiao Shi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn plants, submergence from flooding causes hypoxia, which impairs energy production and affects plant growth, productivity, and survival. In Arabidopsis, hypoxia induces nuclear localization of the group VII ethylene‐responsive transcription factor RELATED TO AP2.12 (RAP2.12), following its dissociation from the plasma membrane‐anchored ACYL‐COA BINDING PROTEIN1 (ACBP1) and ACBP2. Here, we show that polyunsaturated linolenoyl‐CoA (18:3‐CoA) regulates RAP2.12 release from the plasma membrane. Submergence caused a significant increase in 18:3‐CoA, but a significant decrease in 18:0‐, 18:1‐, and 18:2‐CoA. Application of 18:3‐CoA promoted nuclear accumulation of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusions RAP2.12‐GFP, HYPOXIA‐RESPONSIVE ERF1‐GFP, and RAP2.3‐GFP, and enhanced transcript levels of hypoxia‐responsive genes. Plants with decreased ACBP1 and ACBP2 (acbp1 ACBP2‐RNAi, produced by ACBP2 RNA interference in the acbp1 mutant) had reduced tolerance to hypoxia and impaired 18:3‐CoA‐induced expression of hypoxia‐related genes. In knockout mutants and overexpression lines of LONG‐CHAIN ACYL‐COA SYNTHASE2 (LACS2) and FATTY ACID DESATURASE 3 (FAD3), the acyl‐CoA pool size and 18:3‐CoA levels were closely related to ERF‐VII‐mediated signaling and hypoxia tolerance. These findings demonstrate that polyunsaturation of long‐chain acyl‐CoAs functions as important mechanism in the regulation of plant hypoxia signaling, by modulating ACBP–ERF‐VII dynamics.
Leishmaniasis in non‐human primates: Clinical and pathological manifestations and potential as reservoirs
Authors: Santos Renato Lima , de Oliveira Ayisa Rodrigues 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAlthough the domestic dog is the most important reservoir of visceral leishmaniasis in urban areas, there have been an increasing number of reports of naturally occurring leishmaniasis in non‐human primates. Reported cases affecting neotropical and Old World non‐human primates as well as their potential role as reservoirs were reviewed.
Hereditary sensory autonomic neuropathy type II: Report of two novel mutations in the FAM134B gene
Authors: Falcão de Campos Catarina , Vidailhet Marie , Toutain Annick , de Becdelièvre Alix , Funalot Benoît , Bonello‐Palot Nathalie , Stojkovic Tanya 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHereditary sensory autonomic neuropathy (HSAN) type II is a rare, autosomal recessive, and early onset sensory neuropathy, characterized by severe and progressive sensation impairment, leading to ulcero‐mutilating complications. FAM134B gene, also known as RETREG1 gene, mutations have been reported to be associated to HSAN‐IIB. We report four patients from two unrelated families who developed during childhood a sensory axonal neuropathy with variable severity and pronounced nociception impairment. Complications such as recurrent ulcerations, osteomyelitis, and osteonecrosis leading to distal amputation were noticed. Dysautonomia was mild or even absent in our group of patients. Additionally, either clinical or neurophysiological motor impairment was not uncommon. Presence of upper motor neuron signs was also a distinctive feature in two related patients. After extensive workup, two novel homozygous mutations in the FAM134B gene were identified. This report expands the clinical and genetic spectrum of HSAN type II and emphasizes the phenotype variability even within the same family.
Does Borrowing from Banks Cost More than Borrowing from the Market?
Authors: SCHWERT MICHAEL 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the pricing of bank loans relative to capital market debt. The analysis uses a novel sample of loans matched with bond spreads from the same firm on the same date. After accounting for seniority, lenders earn a large premium relative to the bond‐implied credit spread. In a sample of secured term loans to noninvestment‐grade firms, the average premium is 140 to 170 bps or about half of the all‐in‐drawn spread. This is the first direct evidence of firms' willingness to pay for bank credit and raises questions about the nature of competition in the loan market.
Annual report of the Women's Health Care Committee, Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2019
Authors: Kitawaki Jo , Kato Kiyoko 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSince 2010, the Women's Health Care Committee has continuously addressed issues closely linked to women's quality of life. The five agendas this committee has engaged for this academic year are as follows: (i) clinical study of urinary complications in perinatal and post‐partum women's health care; (ii) enlightenment of infectious diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology in Japan; (iii) educational activities regarding management guidelines for health care in female athletes; (iv) training program for women's health‐care advisers; and (v) pregnancy‐ and lactation‐associated osteoporosis (PLOP). The detailed activities of the five subcommittees are described herein. This report is based on the Japanese version of our annual report (Acta Obst Gynaec Jpn 2019;71(6): 889–898), which publicizes the activities of our committee.
Maintenance of Complex Life Cycles Via Cryptic Differences In The Ecophysiology Of Haploid And Diploid Spores Of An Isomorphic Red Alga1
Authors: Bellgrove Alecia , Nakaya Fumio , Serisawa Yukihiko , Matsuyama‐Serisawa Kazuyo , Kagami Yayoi , Jones Paul M. , Suzuki Heikichi , Kawano Shigeyuki , Aoki Masakazu N. 
Published: October 2019

Recognition of the wide diversity of organisms that maintain complex haploid–diploid life cycles has generated interest in understanding the evolution and persistence of such life cycles. We empirically tested the model where complex haploid–diploid life cycles may be maintained by subtle/cryptic differences in the vital rates of isomorphic haploid–diploids, by examining the ecophysiology of haploid tetraspores and diploid carpospores of the isomorphic red alga Chondrus verrucosus. While tetraspores and carpospores of this species did not differ in size or autofluorescence, concentrations of phycobiliproteins of carpospores were greater than that of tetraspores. However, tetraspores were more photosynthetically competent than carpospores over a broader range of photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFDs) and at PPFDs found at both the depth that C. verrucosus is found at high tide and in surface waters in which planktonic propagules might disperse. These results suggest potential differences in dispersal potential and reproductive success of haploid and diploid spores. Moreover, these cryptic differences in ecological niche partitioning of haploid and diploid spores contribute to our understanding of some of the differences between these ploidy stages that may ultimately lead to the maintenance of the complex haploid–diploid life cycle in this isomorphic red alga.
Changing Event Categorization in Second Language Users Through Perceptual Learning
Authors: Vanek Norbert 
Published: October 2019

This study examined the impact of a second language (L2) on how event phases are categorized. The aim was to test how strong a boost the L2 system provides when learners are trained to classify events in a new way. The targeted linguistic contrast was the grammatical expression of change‐of‐state events in progress, available in English but far less so in Chinese. Advanced Chinese learners of English received categorization training in four conditions: action‐biased, completion‐biased, verbally‐distracted, and with overt L2 encoding. Experiment 1 tested the extent to which learners’ first language facilitates event categorization. Experiment 2 compared learning success in L2‐based categorization with and without verbal interference. Experiment 3 measured the benefits of explicit L2 verbalization for L2‐based category learning. The results showed that L2 grammar has a graded impact on learning, categorization with overt verbalization having the highest, followed by categorization in silence, and categorization with verbal interference the lowest, although not significantly reduced.Open PracticesThis article has been awarded Open Data, Open Materials, and Preregistered Research Design badges. All data and materials, along with preregistration for research design and analyses, are publicly accessible through the Open Science Framework at https://osf.io/rxe6u/. The study materials are also publicly available via the IRIS database at https://www.iris-database.org. Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science: https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki.
Zinc deficiency associated with anaemia among young children in rural Guatemala
Authors: Palacios Ana M. , Hurley Kristen M. , De‐Ponce Silvia , Alfonso Víctor , Tilton Nicholas , Lambden Kaley B. , Reinhart Gregory A. , Freeland‐Graves Jeanne H. , Villanueva Lisa M. , Black Maureen M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOne in four children younger than age five in Guatemala experiences anaemia (haemoglobin <11.0 g/dl). This study characterized the factors and micronutrient deficiencies associated with anaemia in a baseline cross‐sectional sample of 182 Guatemalan infants/toddlers and 207 preschoolers, using generalized linear mixed models. Associations between anaemia and maternal, child and household variables, and biomarkers (soluble transferrin receptor, ferritin, zinc, folate, vitamin B12, C‐reactive protein, and α1‐acid glycoprotein) were explored. Rates of anaemia were 56% among infants/toddlers and 12.1% among preschoolers. In children with anaemia, rates of iron deficiency (low ferritin based on inflammation status, and/or high soluble transferrin receptor, ≥1.97 mg/L) and zinc deficiency (serum zinc <65 μg/dl) were 81.1% and 53.7%, respectively. Folate deficiency (either plasma folate <3 ng/ml or erythrocyte folate <100 ng/ml) was 3.3%. Vitamin B12 deficiency (plasma vitamin B12 <148 pmol/L) was 7.5%. For infants and toddlers (<24 months), the odds ratio of anaemia was lower when higher number of adults lived in the household (OR = 0.69; 95% CI [0.53, 0.90]), and higher when children were zinc deficient (OR = 3.40; 95% CI [1.54, 7.47]). For preschoolers (36–60 months), the odds ratio of anaemia was lower for every additional month of age (OR = 0.90; 95% CI [0.81, 1.00]). Findings suggest that micronutrient deficiencies coexist in Guatemalan rural children, and zinc deficiency is associated with anaemia in children <24 months, highlighting the need of continued multidisciplinary interventions with multiple micronutrients. Further research examining how household composition, feeding practices, and accessibility to micronutrient supplements and to animal source foods is needed to incorporate strategies to improve the nutritional status of Guatemalan children.