bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of unusually located hydatid cysts isolated from humans in north-east Iran
Authors: Shafiei R. , Ghatee M.A. , Jafarzadeh F. , Javanshir Z. , Karamian M. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Despite several studies conducted to determine the genotypes of cystic echinococcosis (CE) agents in humans and other intermediate hosts, the relationship between parasite genotype and clinical presentation of hydatidosis is yet to be well defined. The aim of this study was to compare the genotypes/haplotypes of CE agents of human extra-hepatopulmonary hydatid cysts and common hydatid cysts of the liver. A comparative analysis was carried out between partial cox1 sequences of ten extra-hepatopulmonary hydatid cysts, two liver cysts and reliable sequences from the GenBank database. All the studied hydatid cysts had the Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (G1-G2-G3) genotypes. The liver CE cysts were caused by common G1 genotype, while six of the extra-hepatopulmonary cysts had genotypes different from common G1 cysts. The sequences of these six isolates were identical to the G2 and G3 genotypes of E. granulosus sensu stricto; the kidney and peritoneum cysts and most of the brain cysts were identified as G2 genotype, while G3 genotype was only reported in a cyst belonging to the pelvic region. Given the observed differences between the sequences of hydatid cysts, it seems that the replacement of hydatid cysts in organs other than the liver and lungs can be related to their genotypes and probably intra-genotypic characteristics. It was hypothesized that in each geographic area, less frequent genotypes were likely to be more consistent with placement in the host's unusual organs.
Helminth fauna in a semi-arid host species – scaled quail (Callipepla squamata)
Authors: Fedynich A.M. , Bedford K. , Rollins D. , Wester D.B. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Helminths were examined from 145 scaled quail (Callipepla squamata) collected during the 2012–2013, 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 hunting seasons from a semi-arid region of Texas that spans four ecoregions. Helminth infracommunities were species poor, averaging 1.7 (range 1–4) species. Six species occurred within the component community of which one (Oxyspirura petrowi) is known to be pathogenic to quail. Aulonocephalus pennula was most abundant (9991 individuals, 95% of total) followed by O. petrowi (391 individuals, 4%). Each of the remaining four species was rare (≤21% prevalence) and contributed few individuals (<1%). In the High Plains ecoregion, prevalence of O. petrowi was higher in host collections made during the 2013–2014 hunting season than either hunting seasons 2012–2013 or 2014–2015 and was higher in the High Plains ecoregion than the Edwards Plateau ecoregion during the 2013–2014 hunting season. Mean abundance of A. pennula and O. petrowi was higher in scaled quail from the High Plains ecoregion than the Edwards Plateau ecoregion. Our results provide new information about helminth fauna in scaled quail, persistence of indirect lifecycle helminth species within a semi-arid region, and the occurrence of pathogenic helminth species within this host species.
Metacercariae ofHeterodiplostomum lanceolatum(Trematoda: Proterodiplostomidae) found inLeptodactylus podicipinus(Anura: Leptodactylidae) from Brazil: a morphological, molecular and ecological study
Authors: Queiroz M.S. , López-Hernández D. , Locke S.A. , Pinto H.A. , Anjos L.A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe trematodes from South American reptiles are poorly known, with only one life cycle completely characterized. We used molecular and morphological methods to characterize diplostomoid metacercariae found in 29 of 86 pointedbelly frogs,Leptodactylus podicipinus(Cope, 1862) collected in a marsh pond in Selvíria, in the central-west region of Brazil. The metacercariae were identified asHeterodiplostomum lanceolatumDubois, 1936 (Proterodiplostomidae), a rarely reported species that matures in snakes. In phylogenetic analysis of partial sequences from 28S rDNA,H. lanceolatumfell within a polytomy with the proterodiplostomidCrocodilicola pseudostoma(molecular divergence of 4.1%) and other members of the superfamily Diplostomoidea. Our collections provide insights into the ecology of this parasite, in that infected frogs were smaller than uninfected frogs, and metacercariae were more numerous in the abdominal cavity and hindlimb muscles than in abdominal muscles, which suggests directions for future research on the transmission and pathology of this proterodiplostomid.
Pragmatics and social motivation in autism
Authors: Kissine Mikhail 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Pragmatic deficits constitute a central feature of autism, which is highly relevant to Jaswal & Akhtar's criticisms of the social motivation theory of autism. Recent research reveals that while certain context-based interpretations are accessible, more complex pragmatic phenomena remain challenging for people on the spectrum. Such a selective pragmatic impairment is difficult to account for in motivational terms.
The value of giving autistic testimony a substantial role in the science of autism
Authors: Dinishak Janette 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Jaswal & Akhtar argue that taking seriously autistic testimony will help make the science of autism more humane, accurate, and useful. In this commentary, I pose two questions about autistic testimony's role(s) in a better science of autism and extract a general lesson about the value of autistic testimony from the authors’ arguments.
Compensation in autism is not consistent with social motivation theory
Authors: Livingston Lucy Anne , Shah Punit , Happé Francesca 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Growing evidence, as presented by Jaswal & Akhtar, indicates that social motivation is not universally reduced in autism. Here, we evaluate and extend this argument in light of recent evidence of “compensation” in autism. We thereby argue that autistic “compensators” – exhibiting neurotypical behaviour despite persistent difficulties in social cognition – indicate intact or potentially heightened social motivation in autism.
A call for revamping socio-emotional ability research in autism
Authors: Olderbak Sally , Geiger Mattis , Wilhelm Oliver 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In light of Jaswal & Akhtar's compelling argument, we argue there should instead be more focus on deficits in socio-emotional abilities. However, current research is limited by the psychometric problems with most measures. We discuss specific problems, outlining examples for theory of mind. We conclude with recommendations for new lines of research derived from findings in the individual differences literature.
Being misunderstood in autism: The role of motor disruption in expressive communication, implications for satisfying social relations
Authors: Delafield-Butt Jonathan , Trevarthen Colwyn , Rowe Philip , Gillberg Christopher 
Published: July 2019

AbstractJaswal & Akhtar's outstanding target article identifies the necessary social nature of the human mind, even in autism. We agree with the authors and present significant contributory origins of this autistic isolation in disruption of purposeful movement made social from infancy. Timing differences in expression can be misunderstood in embodied engagement, and social intention misread. Sensitive relations can repair this.
Reconciling autistic individuals’ self-reported social motivation with diminished social reward responsiveness in neuroimaging
Authors: Yankowitz Lisa D. , Clements Caitlin C. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The self-report of some autistic individuals that they experience social motivation should not be interpreted as a refutation of neuroimaging evidence supporting the social motivation hypothesis of autism. Neuroimaging evidence supports subtle differences in unconscious reward processing, which emerge at the group level and which may not be perceptible to individuals, but which may nonetheless impact an individual's behavior.
Classical social reward signatures in infants with later ASD
Authors: Gliga Teodora , Elsabbagh Mayada 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAutistic individuals can be socially motivated. We disagree with the idea that self-report is sufficient to understand their social drive. Instead, we underscore evidence for typical non-verbal signatures of social reward during the early development of autistic individuals. Instead of focusing on whether or not social motivation is typical, research should investigate the factors that modulate social drives.
Individual differences, social attention, and the history of the social motivation hypotheses of autism
Authors: Mundy Peter C. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The stereotype of people with autism as unresponsive or uninterested in other people was prominent in the 1980s. However, this view of autism has steadily given way to recognition of important individual differences in the social-emotional development of affected people and a more precise understanding of the possible role social motivation has in their early development.
Tri-Criteria Optimization Motion Planning at Acceleration-Level of Dual Redundant Manipulators
Authors: Jia Zhaoli , Chen Siyuan , Zhang Zhijun , Zhong Nan , Zhang Pengchao , Qu Xilong , Xie Jinhua , Ouyang Fan 
Published: July 2019

SUMMARYIn order to solve joint-angle drift problem of dual redundant manipulators at acceleration-level, an acceleration-level tri-criteria optimization motion planning (ALTC-OMP) scheme is proposed, which combines the minimum acceleration norm, repetitive motion planning, and infinity-norm acceleration minimization solutions via weighting factor. This scheme can resolve the joint-angle drift problem of dual redundant manipulators which will arise in single criteria or bi-criteria scheme. In addition, the proposed scheme considers joint-velocity joint-acceleration physical limits. The proposed scheme can not only guarantee joint-velocity and joint-acceleration within their physical limits, but also ensure that final joint-velocity and joint-acceleration are near to zero. This scheme is realized by dual redundant manipulators which consist of left and right manipulators. In order to ensure the coordinated operation of manipulators, two motion planning problems are reformulated as two general quadratic program (QP) problems and further unified into one standard QP problem, which is solved by a simplified linear-variational-inequalities-based primal-dual neural network at the acceleration-level. Computer-simulation results based on dual PUMA560 redundant manipulators further demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed ALTC-OMP scheme to resolve joint-angle drift problem arising in the dual redundant manipulators.
Recent Contributions of Data Mining to Language Learning Research
Authors: Warschauer Mark , Yim Soobin , Lee Hansol , Zheng Binbin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper will review the role of data mining in research on second language learning. Following a general introduction to the topic, three areas of data mining research will be summarized—clustering techniques, text-mining, and social network analysis—with examples from both the broader field and studies conducted by the authors. The application of data mining in second language learning research is relatively new, and more theoretical and empirical support is needed in the appropriate collection, use, and interpretation of data for specific research and pedagogical objectives. The three examples that we introduce illustrate how new data sources accessible in online environments can be analyzed to better understand the optimal instructional context for corpus-based vocabulary learning (clustering technique), characteristics and patterns of collaborative written interaction using Google Docs (text mining and visualizations), and issues of access and community in computer-mediated discussion (social network analysis). Implications of these new techniques for L2 research will be discussed.
Technology and L2 Pragmatics Learning
Authors: González-Lloret Marta 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe field of technology and language learning, also known as CALL (computer-assisted language learning), is now a robust area of study informed by research and practice in the fields of language education, computer science, psychology, sociology, cognitive science, cultural studies, and, most of all, applied linguistics and second language acquisition (SLA). As with any other large field of study, some subareas have become the focus of study, often influenced by advances and research in applied linguistics, while others remain to be explored further; among these is the area of technology-mediated second/foreign language (L2) pragmatics, also known as interlanguage pragmatics. The lack of research in this area is puzzling if one considers that pragmatic competence is one of the essential components of communicative competence and that most of the technologies today exist in the service of communication. This article reviews the efforts so far to explore the connections between interlanguage pragmatics and a variety of technologies and innovations, as well as existing resources to bring L2 pragmatic teaching into the language classroom. It then suggests unexplored areas where technology could be used to aid the development of pragmatic competence and where pragmatic theory can inform SLA research.
World CALL: Are We Connected?
Authors: Levy Mike 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn the last 20 years we have moved from a somewhat idealistic vision of the internet to one that is far more nuanced and complex. Disruption and change now surround us in a more uncertain and unpredictable world (Foer, 2017; Greenfield, 2017; Lanier, 2018; O'Neil, 2016). This article examines some of the key changes in the wider world and how they may relate to the use of new technologies in second language learning. This topic is approached from three perspectives that have thus far been relatively unexplored. First, the article looks at digital literacy, a cognate field that has long been motivated by issues and concerns relating to educational technology and the classroom–world connection. Second, it considers the role and use of authentic materials and texts. Third, it contrasts notions of input and output as these terms apply to humans and machines, and as they are used in research on second language learning.The goal throughout is to highlight the benefits of increased connectivity between the wider world and the world of the language classroom. Through increased awareness and informed debate, it is hoped this will place us in a stronger position to understand and plan for the changes ahead.
Technology, Motivation and Autonomy, and Teacher Psychology in Language Learning: Exploring the Myths and Possibilities
Authors: Stockwell Glenn , Reinders Hayo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe expectations of the impact of technology for language teaching and learning have often exceeded the actual results themselves, where emerging technologies are often believed to be more effective than existing ones simply because they are newer, with little consideration of the differences in associated pedagogies (see Bax, 2003; Levy & Stockwell, 2006). Technology is often believed to be inherently motivating for students and linked to the development of autonomy. The realities of technology and its influence on motivation are proving to be somewhat more complex than perceived for both language teachers and learners (Stockwell, 2013). Technology can provide opportunities for motivated learners but is unlikely to lead to motivation or autonomous behavior in many learners unless appropriate pedagogies are applied that capitalize on the affordances of the technologies and include sufficient training in how to use the technologies for language learning purposes (see Reinders, 2018a). At the same time, the role of teachers in the classroom and their attitudes toward their environment and the pressures that they face (Mercer & Kostoulas, 2018) can also impact technology implementation. This article brings together these three interrelated areas and explores how they link to technology: learner motivation and autonomy, teacher psychology, and pedagogical considerations.
Past the Anthropocentric: Sociocognitive Perspectives for Tech-Mediated Language Learning
Authors: Ocando Finol Maria 
Published: July 2019

AbstractResearchers in second language acquisition (SLA) have long debated the nature of human cognition and how it affects second language learning (L2L). On the one hand, and largely dominating the field of SLA, is the cognitive approach, which focuses on the brain as the unit for cognitive analysis. On the other hand, sociocultural theory holds that human cognition is mediated by cultural artifacts. These perspectives present significantly different views on interaction, understanding it as either auxiliary or instrumental in the learning process, or “fundamentally constitutive” of learning (Mondada & Pekarek Doehler, 2004, p. 502). Increasingly concerned with the role of technology in language learning, current computer-assisted language learning (CALL) research demands theoretical frameworks that account for the ecological relationship between learners, the tools they use, and the environments they inhabit. This article raises the issue of how anthropocentric perspectives on technology have permeated the field of CALL until now, inhibiting its development. I suggest the need for CALL to adopt a less instrumental, more determinist (Carr, 2010) view of the role that technology plays in language learning, by engaging in sociocognitive research (Atkinson, 2010) that embraces the transformative power that technology has over cognition.
Emergent Digital Discourses: What Can We Learn From Hashtags and Digital Games to Expand Learners’ Second Language Repertoire?
Authors: Sykes Julie M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn recent years, digital technologies have expanded the possibilities for human interactions in ways that were never before imagined, further complicating the teaching and learning of languages (Taguchi & Sykes, 2013; Thorne, Sauro, & Smith, 2015). Despite this complexity, when approached as meaningful, high-stakes practices, discourses in digital contexts can be highly useful for language learning and teaching. This article synthesizes work related to two digital discourse contexts, specifically hashtags and digital games. Moving away from technology as the vehicle to deliver “important content,” the analysis to follow examines digital discourses as both the content and context to be examined as part of learners’ multilingual experiences. The article begins by situating the discussion focused on digital discourses, reviewing relevant work addressing interactional patterns in each context, and then applying findings to second language teaching and learning. Drawing on empirical work, the article then describes a framework with specific examples for learner exploration of digital discourses as part of their language learning experience. The article concludes with implications for future research and teaching.
Predicting the pressure of the total cavopulmonary connection: clinical testing of a mathematical equation
Authors: Di Molfetta Arianna , Iacobelli Roberta , Rotella Silvia , Gagliardi Maria G. , Amodeo Antonio , Formigari Roberto , Pasquini Luciano , Iorio Salvatore F. , Guccione Paolo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroduction:Some authors advocate the use of a dedicated formula to predict the Fontan pressure starting from pre-Fontan catheterisation data. This paper aims at testing the predictive value of the mentioned formula through a retrospective clinical study.Methods and Results:Pre-Fontan catheterisation data and Fontan pressure measured at the completion were retrospectively collected. Pre-Fontan data were used to calculate the predicted pressure in the Fontan system. The predicted values were compared to the Fontan pressure measured at the Fontan completion and with the needs for fenestration. One hundred twenty-four Fontan patients were retrospectively enrolled (At Fontan: median age 30.73 [24.70–37.20] months, median weight 12.00 [10.98–14.15] kg). Fontan conduit was fenestrated in 78 patients. A poor correlation (r2= 0.05128) between the measured and predicted data for non-fenestrated patients was observed. In the case of Fontan-predicted pressure <17.59 mmHg, the formula identified a good short-term clinical outcome with a sensitivity of 92%.Conclusion:The proposed formula showed a poor capability in estimating the actual pressure into the Fontan system and in identifying patients needing fenestration. As the pressure into the Fontan system is determined by multiple factors, the tested formula could be an additional data in a multi-parametric approach.
Assessing the Ability of Structure From Motion to Map High‐Resolution Snow Surface Elevations in Complex Terrain: A Case Study From Senator Beck Basin, CO
Authors: Meyer Joachim , Skiles S. McKenzie 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe utility of differentially mapping snow depth to assess snow water resources at the watershed scale has been demonstrated using snow‐free and snow‐on lidar surface elevations. On more limited spatial and temporal scales, the same principle has been successfully applied with the relatively new photogrammetric technique Structure from Motion (SfM). Given the low cost of cameras relative to lidar technology, early studies are promising, yet it is well known that reconstructing elevations over bright snow surfaces in complex terrain has been a limitation for traditional photogrammetric methods. Therefore, before progressing to snow depth, it is worthwhile to constrain how well snow surface elevations are mapped with SfM. The lidar‐based Airborne Snow Observatory, which also has an RGB camera, provides a unique opportunity to assess SfM against coincidentally collected lidar. Here we present a lidar‐SfM snow surface elevation comparison from the 21 February 2017 flight, which took place in Senator Beck Basin, San Juan Mountains, CO, during the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) SnowEx campaign (Year 1). After coregistration of the two surface models, the normalized median absolute deviation was 0.17 m with a mean relative elevation difference of 0.014 m at identical spatial resolution of 1 m. The digital surface model was created without the use of ground control points, shows a promising potential to apply SfM for watershed‐scale surface elevation and snow depth mapping, and warrants further investigation of SfM as a supplement or alternative to lidar.