bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacological potentials of betalains
Authors: Kaur Ginpreet , Thawkar Baban , Dubey Shivangi , Jadhav Priyanka 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Betalains are water soluble plant pigments in plants of the order Caryophyllales, which are widely used as colorants. Several preclinical studies reported that betanin reveals antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anticancer, anti-diabetes, anti-lipid emic, antimicrobial activity, radio protective and anti-proliferative activity. They are isolated from sources such as red beetroot, amaranth, prickly pear, red pitahaya, etc. Betalains are divided into two groups based on the colour and confer either the betacyanins (purple reddish) or betaxanthins (yellowish orange). Betalain is one of the promising nutraceuticals which can provide beneficial effects for prevention and cure of various diseases. The purpose of this review is to focus on nutraceutical facts of betalains by focusing on the ongoing treatment using betalains and to address its future nutraceuticals implications.
Nonparametric estimation of natural direct and indirect effects based on inverse probability weighting
Authors: Hsu Yu-Chin , Huber Martin , Lai Tsung-Chih 
Published: June 2018

AbstractUsing a sequential conditional independence assumption, this paper discusses fully nonparametric estimation of natural direct and indirect causal effects in causal mediation analysis based on inverse probability weighting. We propose estimators of the average indirect effect of a binary treatment, which operates through intermediate variables (or mediators) on the causal path between the treatment and the outcome, as well as the unmediated direct effect. In a first step, treatment propensity scores given the mediator and observed covariates or given covariates alone are estimated by nonparametric series logit estimation. In a second step, they are used to reweigh observations in order to estimate the effects of interest. We establish root-n consistency and asymptotic normality of this approach as well as a weighted version thereof. The latter allows evaluating effects on specific subgroups like the treated, for which we derive the asymptotic properties under estimated propensity scores. We also provide a simulation study and an application to an information intervention about male circumcisions.
The Impact of a Strong Commitment on Disaster Resilience: A Longitudinal Study of the 2012 Korean Typhoons
Authors: Jung Kyujin , Song Minsun 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Natural and technical disasters are abrupt and have a huge impact on relatively broad regions, yet little research has examined how local organizations overcome institutional collective action dilemmas in collaborative emergency management. Since simply participating in collective agreements and adopting coordination plans are inadequate for achieving effective collaboration in emergency situations, this research aims to test whether organizations’ decisions to engage in joint emergency programs are sufficient for building resilient emergency response networks. We systemically design a Heckman selection model with two stages by utilizing data derived from the 2012 and 2013 emergency management surveys conducted before and after the 2012 Korean typhoons. The results demonstrate how a strong commitment though participation in joint exercises significantly influences disaster than formal planning and network affiliations. The findings imply that network interactions forged by such full-scale exercises reduce transaction costs of collaboration and improve community resilience.
BioSankey: Visualization of Microbial Communities Over Time
Authors: Platzer Alexander , Polzin Julia , Rembart Klaus , Han Ping Penny , Rauer Denise , Nussbaumer Thomas 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMetagenomics provides quantitative measurements for microbial species over time. To obtain a global overview of an experiment and to explore the full potential of a given dataset, intuitive and interactive visualization tools are needed. Therefore, we establishedBioSankeyto visualize microbial species in microbiome studies over time as a Sankey diagram. These diagrams are embedded into a project-specific webpage which depends only on JavaScript and Google API to allow searches of interesting species without requiring a web server or connection to a database.BioSankeyis a valuable tool to visualize different data elements from single or dual RNA-seq datasets and additionally enables a straightforward exchange of results among collaboration partners.
NiTi shape memory alloy: physical and tribological characterization
Authors: Sharma Pardeep 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe current research work focuses on the mechanical and tribological behavior of an NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) processed with the help of powder metallurgy. SMAs have found applications in the medical, space and aerospace industries with usage in the manufacturing of microelectromechanicals (MEMS) and as actuators in the electronic industry. The wear behavior of a material greatly affects its performance. The wear behavior of an SMA can be determined with the help of the dry abrasion test. The increase in binder content and rotational speed at a constant load increases the wear rate of SMA alloys. The coefficient of friction decreases with the usage of alloys. A decrease in density has been found, as well as porosity, with the increasing content of binder in the alloy. Density decreases from 6.7 to 5.1 g/cm3 while porosity decreases from 57 to 23% with increased binder content. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction has been used for the investigation of surface morphology and phases present in the alloy.
Design and Construction of Novel Instrumentation for Low-Field MR Tomography
Authors: Gogola Daniel , Szomolanyi Pavol , Škrátek Martin , Frollo Ivan 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a very popular tool for diagnostic applications and research studies. Low-field MR scanners, usually with an open design, are suitable for claustrophobic and obese patients, as well as for children, who may be fearful in closed MR scanners. However, these types of scanners provide lower spatial resolution and a lower signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) if compared with the same examination performed at the same time at high field scanners. It is dominantly caused by the low field strength and other factors, such as radiofrequency noise. Therefore, a long measurement time is usually necessary. This research paper is focused on the development of novel probes and preamplifiers for low-field MR scanners to improve SNR, and thus, shorten the measurement time. In this study, we describe the design of a high impedance preamplifier and a high temperature superconductor (HTS) coil. This novel instrumentation was compared with uncooled and cooled copper coils. Improvement in SNR in the case of an HTS coil is reported.
Crystal structure of 1-{4-[(2-hydroxy-5-methyl benzylidene)amino]phenyl}ethanone O-ethyl-oxime, C18H20N2O2
Authors: Li Peng-Peng , Ma Jin-Xia , Li Qing-Lin , Zhao Ji-Xing , Zhao Li 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
C18H20N2O2, monoclinic, Pc (no. 7), a = 17.8843(15) Å, b = 7.1821(6) Å, c = 6.3086(6) Å, β = 98.487(3)°, Z = 2, V = 801.45(12) Å3, R
gt(F) = 0.0533, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1411, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of bis{4-methyl-2-((E)-((4-((E)-1-(ethoxyimino)ethyl)phenyl)imino)methyl)phenolato-κ2
N,O)}copper(II), C36H38CuN4O4
Authors: Li Peng-Peng , Li Qing-Lin , Ma Jin-Xia , Zhao Ji-Xing , Zhao Li 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
C36H38CuN4O4, triclinic, P1̄, a = 8.492(2) Å, b = 9.574(2) Å, c = 10.512(2) Å, α = 100.170(7)°, β = 103.421(7)°, γ = 95.055(8)°, Z = 1, V = 810.8(3) Å3, R
gt(F) = 0.0418, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1193, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of 5,5′-((3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylene)bis(1,3-diethyl-6-hydroxy-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydropyrimidin-4(1H)-one), C24H30N4O6S2
Authors: Altowyan Mezna saleh , Ali M. , AlRuqi Obaid S. , Al-Majid Abdullah Mohammed , Barakat Assem 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
C24H30N4O6S2, triclinic, P1̄ with a = 9.2557(4) Å, b = 10.2606(5) Å, c = 14.0972(7) Å, α = 71.949(2)°, β = 89.305(2)°, γ = 86.061(2)° V = 1269.84(10) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.058, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.142, T = 293(2) K.
A review of the analytical methodology to determine Radium-226 and Radium-228 in drinking waters
Authors: Abbasi Akbar 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Radium-228 (228Ra) and Radium-226 (226Ra) isotopes in drinking water are significant from the aspect of radiation protection and human health. In this paper, the three most common preconcentration methods, i.e.coprecipitation, absorption and evaporation, were reviewed with emphasis on routinely measurement techniques. The reviewed measurement techniques include low background γ-spectrometry, α-spectrometry and liquid scintillation counting. The γ-spectrometry technique is the good selection, when the maximum sensitivity is considered. The Environmental Protection Agency guideline has provided the maximum concentration level 0.74 Bq/L for 226Ra and 228Ra. Also, the World Health Organization guideline limit is 1 Bq/L and 0.1 Bq/L for 226Ra and 228Ra, respectively.
Progress on the amendment in biochars and its effects on the soil-plant-micro-organism-biochar system
Authors: Kalakodio Loissi , Bakayoko Moussa , Kalagodio Adiara , Abo Bodjui Olivier , Muhoza Jean Pierre , Ismaila El Moctar 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Biochar, coal produced by pyrolysis and used as an amendment, has several advantages and has proven to be a promising avenue for sustainable agriculture. However, the current manufacturing methods, the conditions of pyrolysis and the biomasses used produce biochars of very variable qualities which can differently affect the productivity of the ground and the outputs of plants. Currently, no study makes it possible to elucidate the influence of the physicochemical properties of the biochars on the structure and the microbial diversity of the soil. The aim of this review was to understand how the physicochemical properties of a biochar affect its capacity: to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases; to improve the growth of hothouse plants; to improve the effectiveness of the use of manures and water; and to modify the structure and the diversity of the bacterial communities in a horticultural substrate and a mineral soil. These biochars were produced under various conditions. The analyses show that the addition of biochar can stimulate certain groups of bacteria involved in carbon and nitrogen cycles and possibly those involved in the development of plants. This review identifies the important physicochemical properties of the biochars, which will be able to better guide agricultural producers and industries manufacturing substrates containing peat, in the choice of a biochar favorable to the growth of plants and a more durable agriculture.
Computational exploration of antiviral activity of phytochemicals against NS2B/NS3 proteases from dengue virus
Authors: Rasool Nouman , Ashraf Aisha , Waseem Muneeba , Hussain Waqar , Mahmood Sajid 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundDengue fever has emerged as a serious threat in Pakistan in the last few years with high morbidity rates and substantial mortality. In the present study, NS2B/NS3 protease from four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes have been targeted using 2350 phytochemicals from various medicinal plants.Material and methodsThe phytochemicals were subjected to docking against NS2B/NS3 proteases using AutoDock Vina focusing the binding site, and the binding energies were determined to screen the effectively docked phytochemicals. Pharmacological properties were also analyzed for all the phytochemicals using PreADMET web server.ResultsBinding affinities ranged from −4.0 to –9.8 kcal/mol and a threshold of −9.0 kcal/mol was applied for screening compounds. A total of 18 phytochemicals are screened for passing all evaluation criteria of a drug in which three were for DENV1-NS2B/NS3, five for DENV2-NS2B/NS3, six for DENV3-NS2B/NS3 and four for DENV4-NS2B/NS3. Erycristagallin and Osajin fromErythrina variegate, PapraineA fromFumaria indicaand Aloe-Emodin fromAloe veraare the most potent inhibitors of NS2B/NS3 protease from DENV1, DENV2, DENV3 and DENV4, having binding affinities of −9.6 kcal/mol, −9.6 kcal/mol, −9.6 kcal/mol and −9.2 kcal/mol, respectively.ConclusionThe effective drug-like properties of all 18 phytochemicals demonstrate the inhibition potential against dengue virus replication in human beings.
Pressure and Strain Effects on the Structural, Electronic, and Optical Properties of K4 Phosphorus
Authors: Zhao Chenyang , Wei Qun , Zhang Meiguang , Yan Haiyan , Yang Xinchao , Zhou Yingjiao , Wei Bing , Ma Jianli 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
An investigation of the mechanical, electronic, and optical properties of the recently reported material K4 phosphorus was made in this work. K4 phosphorus has been proved to be mechanically and dynamically stable up to 7 GPa under hydrostatic pressure. We compared the elastic anisotropy, average acoustic velocity, and Debye temperature of K4 phosphorus at 0 and 7 GPa. The ideal tensile properties at large strains of K4 phosphorus were also examined, with the results showing that it would cleave under the tensile strength of 8.5 GPa with the strain of 0.3. In addition, the effect of tensile strain and pressure on optical properties and band gap were studied.
Human Motor Thalamus Reconstructed in 3D from Continuous Sagittal Sections with Identified Subcortical Afferent Territories
Authors: Ilinsky Igor , Horn Andreas , Paul-Gilloteaux Perrine , Gressens Pierre , Verney Catherine , Kultas-Ilinsky Kristy 
Published: June 2018

AbstractClassification and delineation of the motor-related nuclei in the human thalamus have been the focus of numerous discussions for a long time. Difficulties in finding consensus have for the most part been caused by paucity of direct experimental data on connections of individual nuclear entities. Kultas-Ilinsky et al. (2011) showed that distribution of glutamic acid decarboxylase isoform 65 (GAD65), the enzyme that synthesizes inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid, is a reliable marker that allows to delineate connectionally distinct nuclei in the human motor thalamus, namely the territories innervated by nigral, pallidal, and cerebellar afferents. We compared those immunocytochemical staining patterns with underlying cytoarchitecture and used the latter to outline the three afferent territories in a continuous series of sagittal Nissl-stained sections of the human thalamus. The 3D volume reconstructed from the outlines was placed in the Talairach stereotactic coordinate system relative to the intercommissural line and sectioned in three stereotactic planes to produce color-coded nuclear maps. This 3D coordinate-based atlas was coregistered to the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI-152) space. The current report proposes a simplified nomenclature of the motor-related thalamic nuclei, presents images of selected histological sections and stereotactic maps illustrating topographic relationships of these nuclei as well as their relationship with adjacent somatosensory afferent region. The data are useful in different applications such as functional MRI and diffusion tractography. The 3D dataset is publicly available under an open license and can also be applicable in clinical interventions in the thalamus.
Possible delayed diagnosis and treatment of metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer by adopting the 2015 ATA guidelines
Authors: Albano Domenico , Bertagna Francesco , Bonacina Mattia , Durmo Rexhep , Cerudelli Elisabetta , Gazzilli Maria , Panarotto Maria Beatrice , Formenti Anna Maria , Mazziotti Gherardo , Giustina Andrea , Giubbini Raffaele 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveAccording to the 2015 American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines, thyroid ablation by iodine-131 (I-131) therapy is absolutely recommended only in patients with high-risk differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Often distant metastases are not recognized early and they can stay silent for long time. The aim of our study was to retrospectively analyze the prevalence of metastatic disease before and after I-131 and to evaluate the influence of the new ATA guidelines in the management of DTC.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 140 patients showing distant metastases. All metastases were detected by whole-body scan after I-131 and confirmed by histology and/or other imaging modalities.ResultsIn 26/140 patients metastases were detected before I-131, while in 114/140 were discovered after I-131. Comparing patients with metastases detected before and after I-131, no differences were demonstrated considering age, sex, histotype, tumor size, multifocality of cancer and metastatic localization. Metastatic DTC discovered before radioiodine had higher thyroglobulin and received a higher radioiodine total activity and number of treatments. Considering patients with distant metastases, according to the 2015 ATA guidelines, 38 patients would have been categorized as high risk, 22 as low risk and 80 as intermediate risk. Among intermediate-risk patients, only in 25 cases (31%) I-131 treatment would have been appropriate according to 2015 ATA recommendations; in the remaining 56 cases (69%), I-131 would not have been recommended.ConclusionsAccording to the 2015 ATA guidelines, most of metastatic patients would not have been treated after surgery, with the risk of late diagnosis and delayed treatment.
Carpal tunnel syndrome after an electrical injury: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Wong Yi-Sin , Ong Cheung-Ter , Hsieh Yi-Ying , Hung Tuey-Wen , Guo How-Ran 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is prevalent in workers who utilize hand-held vibration tools, engage in tasks involving repetitive wrist movements, and suffer from wrist overuse. Although electrical injuries involving the median nerve are a relatively rare but plausible cause of CTS, the related literature is limited. Here, we report a case of CTS in which the symptoms developed after an electrical injury, and review the related literature.

Case summary
The patient was a right-handed male electrician who often used hand tools but had no symptoms of CTS before the injury, with the left hand as the point of entry. Typical symptoms of CTS manifested after the electrical injury, and a nerve conduction velocity test confirmed the presence of severe CTS in the left hand. Therefore, we believe that the symptoms can be largely attributed to the electrical injury.

Conclusions
The available literature supports the occurrence of delayed compressive neuropathy caused by scarring from substantial cutaneous burns in patients with electrical injuries. This case shows that electrical injuries may cause CTS in the absence of severe scarring through other mechanisms such as direct injuries to the nerve. Therefore, patients with electrical burns should be routinely examined for peripheral nerve compression symptoms in follow-ups, even when there are minimal cutaneous burns.
PM10 emission from crop production and agricultural soils
Authors: Péterfalvi Nóra , Keller Boglárka , Magyar Marianna 
Published: June 2018

The emission of particulate matter from agricultural sources is a worldwide environmental issue due to health concerns.
The main factors influencing PM10 emission from crop production are the origin of particles, the physical and chemical properties of soils, meteorological conditions, and the mechanical impacts of farm operations. Several studies have been made to determine PM10 emission factors for tillage operations, but these emission factors varied depending on soil properties, especially soil texture and water content, and environmental conditions (e.g. relative humidity, and variability in wind speed and direction). This is why the use of a single emission factor for a given tillage operation is inadequate.
To estimate the yearly amount of PM10 emitted from agricultural soils and crop production, emissions originating from different sources at different temporal division must be summarized. Because 56 % of the total territory of Hungary is cropland, relatively high PM10 emission occurs from crop production and agricultural soils. If this is to be reduced, research should focus on the identification of soil and environmental properties related to PM10 emission on characteristic Hungarian soils.
Relationship between the 0.01 M CaCl2- and AL-soluble soil phosphorus contents
Authors: Szabó Emese , Huzsvai László , Kremper Rita , Loch Jakab 
Published: June 2018

The traditional Hungarian method for determining soil phosphorus (P) status is ammonium-lactate acetic acid (AL) extraction. AL is an acidic solution (buffered at pH 3.75), which is also able to dissolve P reserves, so there is a need for extraction methods that also characterize the mobile P pool.
0.01 M CaCl2-P is considered to directly describe available P forms, because the dilute salt solution has more or less the same ionic strength as the average salt concentration in many soil solutions.
The amount of AL-P may be two orders of magnitude greater than that of CaCl2-P. Previous studies suggested that the relationship between AL-P and CaCl2-P was influenced by soil parameters. Regression analysis between AL-P and CaCl2-P showed medium or strong correlations when using soils with homogeneous soil properties, while there was a weak correlation between them for soils with heterogeneous properties.
The objective of this study was to increase the accuracy of the conversion between AL-P and CaCl2-P, by constructing universal equations that also take soil properties into consideration.
The AL-P and CaCl2-P contents were measured in arable soils (n=622) originating from the Hungarian Soil Information and Monitoring System (SIMS). These soils covered a wide range of soil properties.
A weak correlation was found between AL-P and CaCl2-P in SIMS soils. The amounts and ratio of AL-P and CaCl2-P depended on soil properties such as CaCO3 content and texture. The ratio of AL-P to CaCl2-P changed from 37 in noncalcareous soils to 141 on highly calcareous soils. CaCl2-P decreased as a function of KA (plasticity index according to Arany), which is related to the clay content, while the highest AL-P content was found on loam soils, probably due to the fact that a high proportion of them were calcareous.
The relationships between AL-P, CaCl2-P and soil properties in the SIMS dataset were evaluated using multiple linear regression analysis. In order to select the best model the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) was used to compare different models. The soil factors included in the models were pHKCl, humus and CaCO3 content to describe AL-P, and KA, CaCO3 content and pHKCl to describe CaCl2-P. AL-P was directly proportional to pHKCl, humus and CaCO3 content, while CaCl2-P was inversely proportional to KA, CaCO3 content and pHKCl. The explanatory power of the models increased when soil properties were included. The percentage of the explained variance in the AL-P and CaCl2-P regression models was 56 and 51%, so the accuracy of the conversion between the two extraction methods was still not satisfactory and it does not seem to be possible to prepare a universally applicable equation. Further research is needed to obtain different regression equations for soils with different soil properties, and CaCl2-P should also be calibrated in long-term P fertilization trials.