bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Premature ventricular contraction diurnal profiles predict distinct clinical characteristics and beta‐blocker responses
Authors: Hamon David , Swid Mohammed Amer , Rajendran Pradeep S. , Liu Albert , Boyle Noel G. , Shivkumar Kalyanam , Bradfield Jason S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionFrequent premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) can lead to symptoms, such as cardiomyopathy and increased mortality. Beta‐blockers are recommended as first‐line therapy to reduce PVC burden; however, the response is unpredictable. The objective of this study is to determine whether PVC diurnal‐variability patterns are associated with different clinical profiles and predict drug response.MethodsConsecutive patients with frequent PVCs (burden ≥ 1%), referred for Holter monitoring between 2014 and 2016, were included. Follow‐up Holters, when available, were assessed after beta‐blocker initiation to assess response (≥50% reduction). Patients were divided into three groups on the basis of relationship between hourly PVC count and mean HR during each of the 24 Holter hours: (1) fast‐HR‐dependent‐PVC (F‐HR‐PVC) for positive correlation (Pearson, P < 0.05), (2) slow‐HR‐dependent‐PVC (S‐HR‐PVC) for a negative, and (3) independent‐HR‐PVC (I‐HR‐PVC) when no correlation was found.ResultsOf the 416 patients included, 50.2% had F‐HR‐PVC, 35.6% I‐HR‐PVC, and 14.2% S‐HR‐PVC with distinct clinical profiles. Beta‐blocker therapy was successful in 34.0% patients overall: patients with F‐HR‐PVC had a decrease in PVC burden (18.8 ± 10.4% to 9.3 ± 6.6%, P < 0.0001; 62% success), I‐HR‐PVC had no change (18.4 ± 17.9% to 20.6 ± 17.9%, P = 0.175; 0% success), whereas S‐HR‐PVC had an increase in burden (14.6 ± 15.3% to 20.8 ± 13.8%, P = 0.016; 0% success). The correlation coefficient was the only predictor of beta‐blocker success (AUC = 0.84, sensitivity = 100%, specificity = 67.7%; r ≥ 0.4).ConclusionsA simple analysis of Holter PVC diurnal variability may provide incremental value to guide clinical PVC management. Only patients displaying a F‐HR‐PVC profile benefited from beta‐blockers. An alternative strategy should be considered for others, as beta‐blockers may have no effect or can even be harmful.
Genetics and telemetry indicate unexpected movements among structured populations for Brachyplatystoma platynemum in the Amazon
Authors: Hahn Lisiane , Silva Priscilla C. , Malabarba Maria C. , Malabarba Luiz R. , Câmara Luís F. Da , Nunes Leonardo D. , Machado Leonardo S. , Martins Eduardo G. , Barthem Ronaldo B. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe genetic analysis of Brachyplatystoma platynemum individuals sampled from the lower Madeira River reinforces the existence of two structured populations in the Amazon Basin (Madeira and Amazon populations). However, the recapture of an individual from the Amazon population in the Solimões River, which was telemetry‐tagged in the Madeira River after the damming, indicates that fish from the Amazon population move between the two river systems. This has not yet been observed, however, in the Madeira River population, which is currently divided and isolated in the lower and upper Madeira River by the construction of two dams.
Exploring sample cross‐contamination in fish epidermal mucus
Authors: Kroska Anita C. , Wolf Nathan , Dial Roman , Harris Bradley P. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCross‐contamination of epidermal mucus was assessed at three sampling locations on the bodies of Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis by inducing contact between fish coated with labelled synthetic mucus and non‐treated fish. Results indicate a positive relationship between sampling site exposure and sample contamination and that mucous sample cross‐contamination can be mitigated by sampling in a location protected from external contact.
Life cycle assessment to quantify the impact of technology improvements in bike‐sharing systems
Authors: Bonilla‐Alicea Ricardo Javier , Watson Bryan C. , Shen Ziheng , Tamayo Laura , Telenko Cassandra 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe reduced environmental footprint of bicycle sharing systems (BSS) is one of the reasons for their rapid growth in popularity. BSS have evolved technologically, transitioning from smart dock systems to smart bicycle systems, and it is not clear if the increased use of electronics in BSS results in a net environmental benefit. This article provides an evaluation of the impact of incorporating additional technology into BSS and uses that analysis as guidance for future BSS development. By comparing the impacts of a private bicycle, a smart dock BSS, and smart bike BSS using a life cycle assessment (LCA), this work reveals breakeven points and tradeoffs between the technologies. This study is also the first published empirical LCA of a smart bike known to the authors. In the production phase, smart bikes generate approximately three times the amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions compared to the smart dock bikes per kilometer ridden over the lifetime, and when considering the endpoint categories of human health, ecosystem, and resources, smart bikes have approximately 2.7 times the environmental impact. The results suggest that shifting from smart dock to smart bike requires an increase in ridership by a factor of 1.8 to overcome the increased environmental impact based on the GHG emissions. We find that smart docks become preferable at a population density between 1,030 residents/km2 (in a bike friendly city) and 3,100 residents/km2 (in a city that is less likely to bike).
Extracellular and intracellular sphingosine‐1‐phosphate distinctly regulates exocytosis in chromaffin cells
Authors: Jiang Zhong‐Jiao , Delaney Taylor L. , Zanin Mark P. , Haberberger Rainer V. , Pitson Stuart M. , Huang Jian , Alford Simon , Cologna Stephanie M. , Keating Damien J. , Gong Liang‐Wei 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) is an essential bioactive sphingosine lipid involved in many neurological disorders. Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1), a key enzyme for S1P production, is concentrated in presynaptic terminals. However, the role of S1P/SphK1 signaling in exocytosis remains elusive. By detecting catecholamine release from single vesicles in chromaffin cells, we show that a dominant negative SphK1 (SphK1DN) reduces the number of amperometric spikes and increases the duration of foot, which reflects release through a fusion pore, implying critical roles for S1P in regulating the rate of exocytosis and fusion pore expansion. Similar phenotypes were observed in chromaffin cells obtained from SphK1 knockout mice compared to those from wild‐type mice. In addition, extracellular S1P treatment increased the number of amperometric spikes, and this increase, in turn, was inhibited by a selective S1P3 receptor blocker, suggesting extracellular S1P may regulate the rate of exocytosis via activation of S1P3. Furthermore, intracellular S1P application induced a decrease in foot duration of amperometric spikes in control cells, indicating intracellular S1P may regulate fusion pore expansion during exocytosis. Taken together, our study represents the first demonstration that S1P regulates exocytosis through distinct mechanisms: extracellular S1P may modulate the rate of exocytosis via activation of S1P receptors while intracellular S1P may directly control fusion pore expansion during exocytosis.Open science badgesThis article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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Serum interleukin‐17 as a novel biomarker in patients with acne vulgaris
Authors: Ebrahim Adel A. , Mustafa Amany Ibrahim , El‐Abd Awad Mohamed 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundAcne vulgaris is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease involving pilosebaceous units. Both innate and adaptive immunity, especially the T helper 17 pathway, may contribute to the inflammatory response in acne.ObjectivesWe aimed at evaluation of serum interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) level in patients with acne vulgaris in order to assess its role in disease pathogenesis and its clinical significance.MethodsSerum IL‐17 level was measured by an ELISA technique in 80 acne vulgaris patients and 80 apparently healthy controls.ResultsSerum IL‐17 level was significantly higher in acne vulgaris patients than control group (P < 0.001). Moreover, it was increasing significantly with the increase in disease severity and in patients with scarring lesions (P < 0.001 each).ConclusionsSerum IL‐17 is not only a biomarker of disease pathogenesis but also it could be a potential prognostic predictor for severity and scarring in acne vulgaris.
Polygynous Unions and Intimate Partner Violence in Nigeria: An Examination of the Role of Selection
Authors: Behrman Julia A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjective: This article explores the association between polygyny and intimate partner violence (IPV) in Nigeria, with attention to selection into polygyny.Background: Although IPV occurs within the social context of a family, the linkages between polygyny and IPV are rarely interrogated, and there is little attempt to differentiate between “polygyny effects” and “selection effects.”Method: This article uses a sample of 19,189 couples from the 2013 Nigeria Demographic Health Survey to conduct (a) a multivariate analysis of the characteristics that predict selection into polygyny, (b) a propensity score matching analysis of the association between polygyny and IPV, and (c) a Rosenbaum bounds analysis to assess hidden bias that might affect both selection into polygyny and IPV.Results: People who entered polygynous unions were different on observed characteristics—including relative status of husbands and wives coming into the union, education, religion, and ethnicity—than those who entered monogamous unions. Polygyny was associated with higher probabilities of women's reports of recent physical and emotional IPV, net of observed differences; however, a Rosenbaum bounds analysis indicated that it was highly plausible unobserved selectivity into polygyny helped account for these associations.Conclusion: It is important to move beyond viewing polygyny as a “risk factor” for IPV and toward understanding how selection into marriage is an important social process with implications for IPV, health, and well‐being.
Mass effects explain sapling community assembly in Araucaria mixed forest metacommunities
Authors: Rech Morgana , Carlucci Marcos B. , Bergamin Rodrigo S. , Seger Guilherme D. S. , Müller Sandra C. , Duarte Leandro , Hartz Sandra M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractQuestionsWhat is the relative influence of: (a) traits related to dispersal (seed size) and growth (specific leaf area [SLA]), and; (b) regional species abundances, on the structure of local sapling communities? Which metacommunity models best explain the process of forest nucleation in grasslands?LocationWoody vegetation patches originating from nucleation and the continuous forest that neighbors native grasslands, in the southern Brazilian plateau (29°28′58.00″ S, 50°12′26.00″ W).MethodsWe calculated community‐weighted trait means (CWM) and functional diversity for woody saplings, considering species occurrences (FD) and abundances (FDis) separately for both seed size and SLA, in woody vegetation patches of different sizes and in the continuous forest. We tested whether mean SLA and mean seed size differed between habitat types, and whether values of FD and FDis were lower than expected by chance. We also evaluated whether the relative abundances of species in woody vegetation patches were determined by their abundances in the continuous forest, using CATS models (Community Assembly by Trait Selection). The results were then compared to the expectations from each metacommunity model.ResultsFunctional diversity of SLA and seed size did not differ from what was expected by chance in most sites. Species in communities of different habitat types did not differ in their mean SLA values, but we observed differences in mean seed size, with large‐seeded species being typical of areas with more shade. Species abundances in the regional species pool were more important factors than species traits for determining species abundances in the local communities.ConclusionsThe analytical framework employed in this study enables a straightforward test of different metacommunity structuring models. Mass effects were the metacommunity model that best explained the process of forest nucleation in the southern Brazilian plateau, which highlights the importance of dispersal for the structure of local communities.
Morphological divergence and reduced ectoparasite prevalence in an introduced population of a Caribbean anole
Authors: Bodden V. , Puschendorf R. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAs biological invasions become increasingly common understanding what factors drive a species’ ability to rapidly colonize new habitats will be important for future conservation management. Theoretical models predict that spatial sorting of an invasive population will select for enhanced dispersal‐related traits and lower prevalence of parasitic infections. Supporting these, there is a growing body of evidence that demonstrates both features are common in invasive populations, although, these observations stem from mainland systems, over larger spatial scales. Here, we investigated the morphology and ectoparasite prevalence of Maynard's anole (Anolis maynardi) in its native range Little Cayman, and across its introduced range Cayman Brac where it invaded 31 years ago. We tested for morphological divergence, ectoparasite prevalence between the native population and the core, intermediate and range edge populations within the introduced range. In addition, we compared the overall body condition of lizards from each sex between islands using the scaled‐mass index. Our results suggest that spatial sorting could have selected for less parasitized individuals on the range edge of the introduced population, across an area of just 39 km2. However, there was no difference in hind‐limb length, the character that is expected to enhance dispersal ability, across the range of the introduced population. Instead, the greatest variation in morphology across the introduced range was found in fore‐limb length. Finally, both males and females from the introduced population were of significantly higher body condition than the native population, yet ectoparasite intensity had no effect on the body condition of infested hosts. These results highlight the rapid change in forelimb length and overall morphology has occurred rapidly since the species’ first introduction and a clear reduction in parasite prevalence on the range edge of the introduced population. Together these attributes have likely contributed to the successful colonization of Cayman Brac by A. maynardi.
Perceptual Pluralism
Authors: Quilty‐Dunn Jake 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPerceptual systems respond to proximal stimuli by forming mental representations of distal stimuli. A central goal for the philosophy of perception is to characterize the representations delivered by perceptual systems. It may be that all perceptual representations are in some way proprietarily perceptual and differ from the representational format of thought (Dretske 1981; Carey 2009; Burge 2010; Block ms.). Or it may instead be that perception and cognition always trade in the same code (Prinz 2002; Pylyshyn 2003). This paper rejects both approaches in favor ofperceptual pluralism, the thesis that perception delivers a multiplicity of representational formats, some proprietary and some shared with cognition. The argument for perceptual pluralism marshals a wide array of empirical evidence in favor of iconic (i.e., image‐like, analog) representations in perception as well as discursive (i.e., language‐like, digital) perceptual object representations.
The WY domain in the Phytophthora effector PSR1 is required for infection and RNA silencing suppression activity
Authors: Zhang Peng , Jia Yijuan , Shi Jinxia , Chen Chen , Ye Wenwu , Wang Yuanchao , Ma Wenbo , Qiao Yongli 
Published: April 2019

Summary

Phytophthora pathogens manipulate host innate immunity by secreting numerous RxLR effectors, thereby facilitating pathogen colonization. Predicted single and tandem repeats of WY domains are the most prominent C‐terminal motifs conserved across the Phytophthora RxLR superfamily. However, the functions of individual WY domains in effectors remain poorly understood.

The Phytophthora sojae effector PSR1 promotes infection by suppressing small RNA biogenesis in plant hosts. We identified one single WY domain following the RxLR motif in PSR1. This domain was required for RNA silencing suppression activity and infection in Nicotiana benthamiana, Arabidopsis and soybean.

Mutations of the conserved residues in the WY domain did not affect the subcellular localization of PSR1 but abolished its effect on plant development and resistance to viral and Phytophthora pathogens. This is at least in part due to decreased protein stability of the PSR1 mutants in planta.

The identification of the WY domain in PSR1 allows predicts that a family of PSR1‐like effectors also possess RNA silencing suppression activity. Mutation of the conserved residues in two members of this family, PpPSR1L from P. parasitica and PcPSR1L from P. capsici, perturbed their biological functions, indicating that the WY domain is critical in Phytophthora PSR1 and PSR1‐like effectors.
Durability of cryoballoon left atrial appendage isolation: Acute and invasive remapping electrophysiological findings
Authors: Bordignon Stefano , Chen Shaojie , Perrotta Laura , Bologna Fabrizio , Nagase Takahiko , Konstantinou Athanasios , Weise Felix , Fuernkranz Alexander , Schmidt Boris , Chun Julian K. R. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe left atrial appendage (LAA) has been identified as a potential source of atrial fibrillation (AF) and has been described as the “fifth” pulmonary vein (PV). We report our initial experience in LAA isolation (LAAI) using the cryoballoon (CB) and data on durability of CB‐LAAI.MethodsPatients treated with a CB‐LAAI were retrospectively identified. Six weeks after electrical LAAI, patients were scheduled for staged percutaneous LAA closure. During the second procedure, a subset of patients underwent invasive remapping of the LAA.ResultsA total of 32 patients (21 males, 68 ± 10 years old) were treated with CB‐LAAI. Acute LAAI was achieved in 29 of 32 (91%) patients: single‐shot LAAI was observed in 18 of 32 (56%) patients. Acute procedural sustained LAAI was related with a significantly shorter time to LAAI (sustained LAAI: 84 ± 50 s vs nonsustained LAAI: 166 ± 76 s, P = 0.004). Mean procedure and fluoroscopy time were 61 ± 29 and 8 ± 6 min, respectively. One left‐sided phrenic nerve palsy occurred. In 25 of 32 (78%) patients, a second procedure for percutaneous LAA closure device implantation was performed. In 22 patients, persistency of LAAI was tested: durable LAAI was documented in 16/22 patients (73%).ConclusionIn the present report, CB LAA isolation followed by staged LAA closure appeared to be safe and feasible but more data are required. Time to LAAI played a role in predicting acute sustained LAAI rate. CB LAA ablation leads to 73% of durable LAA isolation.
Genome‐wide association study of six quality traits reveals the association of the TaRPP13L1 gene with flour colour in Chinese bread wheat
Authors: Chen Jianhui , Zhang Fuyan , Zhao Chunjiang , Lv Guoguo , Sun Congwei , Pan Yubo , Guo Xinyu , Chen Feng 
Published: April 2019

SummaryFlour colour, kernel hardness, grain protein content and wet gluten content are important quality properties that determine end use in bread wheat. Here, a wheat 90K genotyping assay was used for a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) of the six quality‐related traits in Chinese wheat cultivars in eight environments over four years. A total of 846 significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified, explaining approximately 30% of the phenotypic variation on average, and 103 multienvironment‐significant SNPs were detected in more than four environments. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping in the biparent population confirmed some important SNP loci. Moreover, it was determined that some important genes were associated with the six quality traits, including some known functional genes and annotated unknown functional genes. Of the annotated unknown functional genes, it was verified that TaRPP13L1 was associated with flour colour. Wheat cultivars or lines with TaRPP13L1‐B1a showed extremely significantly higher flour redness and lower yellowness than those with TaRPP13L1‐B1b in the Chinese wheat natural population and the doubled haploid (DH) population. Two tetraploid wheat lines with premature stop codons of the TaRPP13L1 gene mutagenized by ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) showed extremely significantly higher flour redness and lower yellowness than wild type. Our data suggest that the TaRPP13L1 gene plays an important role in modulating wheat flour colour. This study provides useful information for further dissection of the genetic basis of flour colour and also provides valuable genes or genetic loci for marker‐assisted selection to improve the process of breeding quality wheat in China.
Effectiveness of dental health education on oral hygiene among hearing impaired adolescents in India: A randomized control trial
Authors: Hashmi Sumbul , Mohanty Vikrant R , Balappanavar Aswini Y , Yadav Vipul , Kapoor Shivam , Rijhwani Kavita 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimTo assess the effectiveness of two different methods of dental health education (DHE) for improving oral hygiene among hearing impaired adolescents in school aged 11‐20 years.Methodology and ResultsA randomized double blind controlled parallel time series trial was done among 178 hearing impaired adolescents. Considering existing literature, the required sample size was found to be 82 per group, at 95% confidence interval, design effect = 1, type I error = 5%, power of study = 80%, and 20% attrition rate. Two out of five schools were randomly selected. Different methods of DHE were used, schools were coded as School A (DHE using sign language by the investigator) and School B (DHE by conventional visual method, using only posters).The mean reduction in Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI‐S), Plaque Index (PI), and Gingival Index (GI) scores was 1.13 ± 0.81, 0.66 ± 0.31, and 0.58 ± 0.32, respectively, in school A. The mean reductions seen in school B was 0.52 ± 0.89 in OHI‐S, 0.44 ± 0.44 in PI, and 0.34 ± 0.32 in GI index (P‐value < 0.05).ConclusionBasic training of dental professionals in sign language is both effective and feasible, and brings about greater improvement in oral hygiene status and gingival health as compared to the conventional methods of health education