bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low testosterone levels are predictive for incident atrial fibrillation and ischaemic stroke in men, but protective in women – results from the FINRISK study
Authors: Zeller Tanja , Schnabel Renate B , Appelbaum Sebastian , Ojeda Francisco , Berisha Filip , Schulte-Steinberg Benedict , Brueckmann Burkhard-Ekkehart , Kuulasmaa Kari , Jousilahti Pekka , Blankenberg Stefan , Palosaari Tarja , Salomaa Veikko , Karakas Mahir 
Published: May 2018

Background Atrial fibrillation is the most common serious abnormal heart rhythm, and a frequent cause of ischaemic stroke. Recent experimental studies, mainly in orchiectomised rats, report a relationship between sex hormones and atrial electrophysiology and electroanatomy. We aimed to evaluate whether low testosterone levels are predictive for atrial fibrillation and/or ischaemic stroke in men and women. Design and methods The serum total testosterone levels were measured at baseline in a population cohort of 7892 subjects (3876 male, 4016 female), aged 25–74 years, using a commercially available immunoassay. The main outcome measure was atrial fibrillation or ischaemic stroke, whichever came first. Results During a median follow-up of 13.8 years, a total of 629 subjects (8.0%) suffered from incident atrial fibrillation ( n = 426) and/or ischemic stroke ( n = 276). Cox regression analyses, adjusted for age (used as time-scale), geographical region, total cholesterol (log), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (log), hypertension medication, known diabetes, smoking status, waist-hip-ratio, and time of blood drawn, documented differential predictive value of low sex-specific testosterone levels for atrial fibrillation and/or ischaemic stroke, in men and in women: Increasing levels were associated with lower risk in men (hazard ratio per one nmol/l increase 0.98 (95% confidence interval 0.93–1.00); p = 0.049). On the other hand, increasing testosterone levels were associated with higher risk in women (hazard ratio per one nmol/l increase 1.17 (95% confidence interval 1.02–1.36); p = 0.031). Conclusion Our study indicates that low testosterone levels are associated with increased risk of future atrial fibrillation and/or ischaemic stroke in men, while they are protective in women.
Trends in incident acute myocardial infarction in Norway: An updated analysis to 2014 using national data from the CVDNOR project
Authors: Sulo Gerhard , Igland Jannicke , Vollset Stein Emil , Ebbing Marta , Egeland Grace M , Ariansen Inger , Tell Grethe S 
Published: May 2018

Background We updated the information on trends of incident acute myocardial infarction in Norway, focusing on whether the observed trends during 2001–2009 continued throughout 2014. Methods All incident (first) acute myocardial infarctions in Norwegian residents age 25 years and older were identified in the Cardiovascular Disease in Norway 1994–2014 project. We analysed overall and age group-specific (25–64 years, 65–84 years and 85 + years) trends by gender using Poisson regression analyses and report the average annual changes in rates with their 95% confidence intervals. Results During 2001–2014, 221,684 incident acute myocardial infarctions (59.4% men) were identified. Hospitalised cases accounted for 79.9% of all incident acute myocardial infarctions. Overall, incident acute myocardial infarction rates declined on average 2.6% per year (incidence rate ratio 0.974, 95% confidence interval 0.972–0.977) in men and 2.8% per year (incidence rate ratio 0.972, 95% confidence interval 0.971–0.974) in women, contributed by declining rates of hospitalisations (1.8% and 1.9% per year in men and women, respectively) and deaths (6.0% and 5.8% per year in men and women, respectively). Declining rates were observed in all three age groups. The overall acute myocardial infarction incidence rates continued to decline from 2009 onwards, with a steeper decline compared to 2001–2009. During 2009–2014, gender-adjusted acute myocardial infarction incidence among adults age 25–44 years declined 5.3% per year, contributed mostly by declines in hospitalisation rates (5.1% per year). Conclusion Acute myocardial infarction incidence rates continued to decline after 2009 in Norway in both men and women. The decline started to involve individuals aged 25–44 years, marking a turning point in the previously reported stagnation of rates during 2001–2009.
Os Acromiale in Professional Tennis Players
Authors: Nourissat Geoffroy , Calò Michel , Montalvan Bernard , Parier Jacques 
Published: May 2018

Background: Os acromiale is a rare condition mostly reported in the literature through case reports, imaging studies, or reports of surgical treatment. This condition is the result of nonunion of growth plates of the acromion during the natural developmental process that occurs between 15 and 25 years of age. Its incidence is low, and few studies are available in the literature on athletes with high functional demands, and particularly on athletes within a specific sport. Purpose: To collect epidemiological data and to report the amount of time out of play as well as the type of treatment and its efficiency in professional tennis players. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: We performed a retrospective study using the medical data of athletes within our national tennis league who complained about their shoulder between 2011 and 2016. Nine professional tennis players (mean age, 20 years) with painful shoulders were diagnosed with os acromiale; 3 of them played at an international level, with the other 6 playing at a national level. The diagnosis was confirmed using radiography, including the axillary view, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). One female player had associated subacromial bursitis. Results: All cases of os acromiale were classified as involving the mesoacromion, following the Lieberson classification. No patient underwent surgery, and no patient was treated with local or subacromial infiltration. Patients stopped competition and training throughout the rehabilitation period. All patients received medical treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), ice, and physical therapy with a specific rehabilitation program. All athletes returned to their former level of play after a mean of 37 days. No patient suffered from recurrent pain. One patient underwent MRI after 2 years, showing a normal bone signal and complete healing of the acromion. Conclusion: Conservative treatment including NSAIDs, rest, ice, and physical therapy allowed for good recovery and return to the former level of play. Surgical treatment is usually not indicated for os acromiale in the professional tennis player.
Effects of anterior cingulate cortex lesions on a continuous performance task for mice
Authors: Hvoslef-Eide Martha , Nilsson Simon R. O. , Hailwood Jonathan M. , Robbins Trevor W. , Saksida Lisa M. , Mar Adam C. , Bussey Timothy J. 
Published: May 2018

Background: Important tools in the study of prefrontal cortical -dependent executive functions are cross-species behavioural tasks with translational validity. A widely used test of executive function and attention in humans is the continuous performance task. Optimal performance in variations of this task is associated with activity along the medial wall of the prefrontal cortex, including the anterior cingulate cortex, for its essential components such as response control, target detection and processing of false alarm errors. Methods: We assess the validity of a recently developed rodent touchscreen continuous performance task that is analogous to typical human continuous performance task procedures. Here, we evaluate the performance of mice with quinolinic acid -induced lesions centred on the anterior cingulate cortex in the rodent touchscreen continuous performance task following a range of task parameter manipulations designed to challenge attention and impulse control. Results: Lesioned mice showed a disinhibited response profile expressed as a decreased response criterion and increased false alarm rates. Anterior cingulate cortex lesions also resulted in a milder increase in inter-trial interval responses and hit rate. Lesions did not affect discriminative sensitivity d′. The disinhibited behaviour of anterior cingulate cortex -lesioned animals was stable and not affected by the manipulation of variable task parameter manipulations designed to increase task difficulty. The results are in general agreement with human studies implicating the anterior cingulate cortex in the processing of inappropriate responses. Conclusion: We conclude that the rodent touchscreen continuous performance task may be useful for studying prefrontal cortex function in mice and has the capability of providing meaningful links between animal and human cognitive tasks.
卜辞 “允” 字用法补说
Authors: 吴盛亚  
Published: May 2018

摘要 本文围绕卜辞中 “允” 的用法, 讨论了以下三方面的内容: 一、考察 “允其+动词” 在卜辞中的位置, 结合 “其” 本身所含不确定的情态意义, 认为 “允其+动词” 只可能属于命辞而非验辞。二、尽管在大多数能够判断占卜者态度的正反对贞卜辞中, “允” 后记录的内容往往与占卜者所希望的一致, 但仅靠 “允” 无法窥测占卜者的态度。三、指出之所以会出现 “允甲雨” 这种较罕见的语序, 是受到了同时期卜辞中 “允夕雨” 等类化的影响。
Ammoniomathesiusite, a new uranyl sulfate–vanadate mineral from the Burro mine, San Miguel County, Colorado, USA
Authors: Kampf Anthony R. , Plášil Jakub , Nash Barbara P. , Marty Joe 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe new mineral ammoniomathesiusite (NH4)5(UO2)4(SO4)4(VO5)·4H2O, was found in the Burro mine, San Miguel County, Utah, USA, where it occurs as a secondary phase on asphaltum/quartz matrix in association with ammoniozippeite, gypsum, jarosite and natrozippeite. The mineral forms pale yellow to greenish-yellow prisms, up to ~0.3 mm long, with pale-yellow streak and bright yellow–green fluorescence. Crystals are transparent and have vitreous lustre. The mineral is brittle, with Mohs hardness of 2½, stepped fracture and two cleavages: excellent on {110} and good on {001}. The calculated density is 3.672 g/cm3. Ammoniomathesiusite is optically uniaxial (–) with ω = 1.653(2) and ε = 1.609(2) (white light). Pleochroism is: O = green-yellow, E = colourless; O > E. Electron microprobe analyses yielded the empirical formula [(NH4)4.75(UO2)4(SO4)4(VO5)·4(H2.07O). The five strongest powder X-ray diffraction lines are [dobs Å(I)(hkl)]: 10.57(46)(110), 7.10(62)(001), 6.41(100)(101), 3.340(35)(240) and 3.226(44)(141). Ammoniomathesiusite is tetragonal, P4/n with a = 14.9405(9), c = 7.1020(5) Å, V = 1585.3(2) Å3 and Z = 2. The structure of ammoniomathesiusite (R1 = 0.0218 for 3427 I > 2σI) contains heteropolyhedral sheets based on [(UO2)4(SO4)4(VO5)]5– clusters. The structure is identical to that of mathesiusite, with ${\rm NH}_{\rm 4}^{\rm +} $ in place of K+.
When symptoms don't fit: A case series of conversion disorder in the pediatric otolaryngology practice
Authors: Caulley Lisa , Kohlert Scott , Gandy Hazen , Olds Janet , Bromwich Matthew 
Published: May 2018

Background Conversion disorder refers to functional bodily impairments that can be precipitated by high stress situations including trauma and surgery. Symptoms of conversion disorder may mimic or complicate otolaryngology diseases in the pediatric population. Case presentation In this report, the authors describe 3 cases of conversion disorder that presented to a pediatric otolaryngology-head and neck surgery practice. This report highlights a unique population of patients who have not previously been investigated. The clinical presentation and management of these cases are discussed in detail. Non-organic otolaryngology symptoms of conversion disorder in the pediatric population are reviewed. In addition, we discuss the challenges faced by clinicians in appropriately identifying and treating these patients and present an approach to management of their care. Conclusion In this report, the authors highlight the importance of considering psychogenic illnesses in patients with atypical clinical presentations of otolaryngology disorders.
Cancer survivorship and diet: Is there a consensus? A narrative review.
Authors: Murthy Kalyani , Kamenetsky Dana , Gunturu Krishna Soujanya 
Published: May 2018

100 Background: Diet and nutrition play a key role in the maintenance of health-related quality of life. Studies indicate cancer survivors evince a great interest in learning about nutrition and are willing to initiate life-style changes at the time of diagnosis. However recent survivor data indicates a lack of professional advice on nutrition. Given current guidelines by the American Cancer Society on increasing healthy eating awareness, we present a narrative review of published literature and discuss options for information dissemination. Methods: PubMed search from 2012-2017 was conducted. Studies on outcomes related to diet and nutrition in cancer survivors were included. We excluded general reviews, case reports, pediatric and complementary medicine abstracts. Results: Our initial search yielded 355 abstracts. We focused our review on 33 studies in breast, prostate and colo-rectal cancer care. Diet rich in saturated and trans-fats was detrimental in survivors (≈24%). Low-fat diet improved recurrence rates and overall mortality in 18% studies. Despite this high fat and dairy rich diet were noted in ≈18% studies. Data from studies (18%) incorporating fruits and vegetables indicated improvement in cognitive scores, post-cancer related fatigue and survival benefit. Adherence rates based on healthy-eating-index scores were low in survivors in a recent national survey. Vitamin D repletion is an area of debate. Studies have shown improvement in survival and mortality rates in breast and prostate cancer survivors. Conclusions: Data on survivor dietary preferences, changes and subsequent results are heterogeneous. Evidence suggests improvement in diet quality is positively associated with cancer and unrelated mortality. It is crucial to enforce the importance of healthy dietary changes to cancer survivors. Enabling access to key nutritional information to providers caring for survivors forms a major crux in this endeavor to empower survivors towards better health. Tools such as e-learning could be harnessed for this purpose. Ultimately recognition of optimal strategies and guidelines to assist, educate and motivate survivor adherence to such changes long-term needs further evaluation.
Effect and moderators of exercise on fatigue in patients with cancer: Meta-analysis of individual patient data.
Authors: van Vulpen Jonna , Sweegers Maike , Peeters Petra H.M. , Newton Robert Usher , Aaronson Neil K , Courneya Kerry S. , Jacobsen Paul , Verdonck-De Leeuw Irma , Brug Johannes , Buffart Laurien , May Anne Maria ,   POLARIS Study Group
Published: May 2018

104 Background: Fatigue is a common and disabling complaint in patients with cancer and can be reduced by exercise. To further personalize exercise prescriptions, moderators of exercise effects on fatigue should be investigated. However, most randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are not adequately powered to identify heterogeneity in responses to exercise. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis using individual patient data (IPD) of exercise RCTs to investigate the effect and moderators of exercise on cancer-related fatigue. Methods: Within the Predicting OptimaL cAncer RehabIlitation and Supportive care (POLARIS) consortium, principal investigators of 34 exercise RCTs worldwide have shared their IPD, including in total 4366 cancer patients. A 1-step IPD meta-analysis, using a linear mixed-effect model with a random intercept on study was undertaken to investigate effect on fatigue. The result, a between-group difference in standardized z-scores, corresponds to a Cohen’s d effect size. An interaction term was included in the model to assess potential moderators including demographic (sex, age, marital status, education), clinical (body mass index, distant metastasis), intervention-related (timing, delivery mode, duration) and exercise-related (type, frequency, intensity, duration) characteristics. Results: Exercise significantly reduced fatigue (β = -0.17, 95% CI -0.22;-0.12). The effect was not moderated by demographic, clinical or exercise-related characteristics. Supervised exercise had significantly larger effects on fatigue than unsupervised exercise (βdifference= -0.18, 95%CI -0.28;-0.08). Compared to the control group, supervised exercise significantly improved fatigue (β = -0.23, 95%CI = -0.29;-0.17), while unsupervised exercise did not (β = -0.04, 95%CI = -0.13;0.04). Conclusions: Exercise significantly reduces cancer-related fatigue across subgroups formed on the basis of demographic and clinical characteristics. The effect of exercise is significantly larger when performed under supervision. Hence, exercise, and preferably supervised exercise, represents a viable intervention for the prevention and treatment of fatigue among patients with cancer.
Fertility and cancer: Understanding the barriers to accessing information and resources.
Authors: Narayan Aditi , Bann Carla , Treiman Katherine , Soloe Cindy 
Published: May 2018

116 Background: Some cancer treatments may lead to infertility in individuals diagnosed during their reproductive years. Infertility can affect a cancer survivor’s long-term quality of life by causing depression as well as reduced life satisfaction and increased anxiety. Addressing fertility concerns is a major component of survivorship care. Methods: In 2017 LIVESTRONG launched a national survey to assess whether patients are being informed about potential fertility risks due to a cancer diagnosis and/or related treatments; whether they are receiving necessary education and access to resources to make informed decisions about fertility preservation; and the financial burden of fertility preservation. A total of 1,064 people diagnosed with cancer between ages of 15-39 during 2006 to 2017 responded to the survey. Results: Seventy-nine percent of respondents said a health professional had discussed fertility issues with them, but only 51% were referred to a fertility specialist. Respondents diagnosed between 2011 and 2017 were more likely to report fertility discussions compared to those diagnosed between 2006 and 2010 (84% vs. 69%; p<.001), and to be referred to a fertility specialist (58% vs. 33%, p <.0001). More educated respondents and those with health insurance at time of diagnosis were more likely to report fertility discussions than those who did not (96% vs. 85%; p=.04). The most frequently discussed topics were possible risks to fertility (89%), methods of fertility preservation (70%), whether the respondent wanted any/or more children (64%), and timing for fertility preservation (50%). Insurance and financial issues were less frequently discussed: costs of fertility preservation (37%), insurance coverage (26%), and financial assistance (30%). Forty-four percent did not take steps to preserve their fertility. Conclusions: Many respondents reported not preserving fertility before treatment because they were not referred to a fertility specialist (30%) or insurance did not cover the costs (20%). All patients diagnosed in their reproductive years should be informed of infertility risks and receive information/resources on preservation options, regardless of education, income level, and insurance status.
Long-term consequences of exenterative surgery for people with pelvic cancer.
Authors: Young Jane , Solomon Michael , Steffens Daniel , Koh Cherry 
Published: May 2018

118 Background: For people with recurrent or locally advanced pelvic cancer with no evidence of metastatic spread, pelvic exenteration (PE) surgery that achieves clear (R0) resection margins is the only potentially curative treatment option. This extensive, radical surgery can involve removal of the pelvic organs, muscles, nerves and bone, resulting in significant impairment for patients. The aim of this study is to describe the long-term quality of life outcomes for this procedure, specifically to investigate levels of pain, vitality, depression and ability to achieve personal goals among survivors three or more years after surgery. Methods: The Royal Prince Alfred Hospital in Sydney is a national referral center for PE in Australia. Patient-reported outcome measures, including generic (SF36) and colorectal cancer-specific (FACT-C) measures of quality of life (QoL), pain, vitality, depression and self-reported ability to achieve personal goals are assessed pre-surgery, every six months to three years and then annually. Consecutive patients who were three or more years after PE comprised the sample for this study. Trajectories for patient reported outcomes were plotted and the proportion of survivors who experienced ongoing pain, vitality and depression at each time point were calculated. Results: Among 241 patients who were 3 years post-PE, 63 (26%, 95% CI: 21-32%) had died and 3-year QoL assessments were completed by 65 (51%) of survivors. Three years after surgery, mean QoL scores were similar to baseline and remained fairly stable among survivors to 5 years. There was a small decrease over time in the proportion of survivors reporting ongoing pain. From 3 years onwards, approximately 70% (95% CI: 58-79%) of survivors reported ongoing pain and 44% (95% CI: 34-57%) reported some level of depression. However, SF-36 vitality scores increased slightly from a mean of 46.2 pre-PE to 54.0 at 3 years. Conclusions: Despite the extensive nature of PE surgery, the majority of survivors achieved reasonable long-term quality of life. However, high levels of chronic pain and depression indicate ongoing needs for supportive care in this patient group.
Identifying specific risk factors for the development of atrial fibrillation on ibrutinib.
Authors: Lentz Robert , Akhter Nausheen 
Published: May 2018

128 Background: Ibrutinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has proven benefit in B-cell malignancies. Previous studies have shown that the overall incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) while on ibrutinib is 6-16%. We investigated specific risk factors for the development of AF while on ibrutinib in an open-label single center study. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of patients treated with ibrutinib between July 2012 and August 2017. ECGs were manually reviewed to document AF. Patients with existing AF or valvular heart disease were excluded. Patients were followed for incident AF until the end of the medical record, death, or August 2017. The presence or absence of AF risk factors and duration of ibrutinib treatment were documented. Statistical analysis used chi-square tests for categorical variables and t-tests for continuous variables. Results: 161 patients were included in the analysis. Mean age was 65.5 years, 70.8% were men, and 60.9% had CLL (13.0% Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, 10.6% mantle cell lymphoma, and 15.5% other). After a mean follow up of 686 days, the incidence of AF was 9.9%. Combined systolic or diastolic heart failure (HF) was statistically associated with incident AF (p = 0.00454). Ibrutinib treatment length (p =0.09698), age (p = 0.08181), obesity, (p = 0.30800), coronary artery disease (CAD, p = 0.16422), hypertension (HTN, p = 0.65447), diabetes mellitus (DM, p = 0.58836), and male sex (p = 0.30800) were not associated with incident AF (Table 1). Of those with heart failure, 29.4% developed incident AF. Conclusions: In this large retrospective open-label cohort study, the incidence of AF on ibrutinib was higher in patients with heart failure. Duration of ibrutinib treatment was not associated with incident AF. Ibrutinib should be used with caution in patients with heart failure and these patients should be closely monitored for incident AF. [Table: see text]