bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate Apartheid: The Forgetting of Race in the Anthropocene
Authors: Tuana Nancy 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDespite recognition of the gender dimensions of climate change, there is little attention to racism in climate justice perspectives. In response, this article advocates developing an ecologically informed intersectional approach designed to disclose the ways racism contributes to the construction of illegible lives in the domain of climate policies and practices. Differential impacts of climate change, while an important dimension, is ultimately inadequate to understanding and responding to both climate justice and environmental racism. What is required is a rich understanding of the histories and lineages of the deep incorporation of racism and environmental exploitation. To catalyze such an approach to climate justice, this article develops an analysis of three instances of the intermingling of racism and environmental exploitation: climate adaptation practices in Lagos, Nigeria; the enmeshment of race and coal mining in the post–Civil War United States; and the infusing of precarity and rainforest destruction in Brazil.
Criminalization and Undocumented Migrante Laborer Identities in the Zone of Nonbeing
Authors: Velasquez Ernesto Rosen 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Joseph Carens in his 2013 book Ethics of Immigration argues we should not criminalize undocumented migrants. Instead, we should view them as irregular immigrants who are entitled to some general human rights. This article focuses on Caren's discussion of criminalization in light of recent scholarship by John Marquez and Natalie Cisneros pertaining to the Latina/o border death toll, generalized violence, and discourses on undocumented pregnant migrante females as multiplying rats and anchor babies. This article argues that simply relying on a democratic state model to understand the realities of border militarization is not sufficient because it does not perform some of the explanatory functions performed by other non-ideal theories. By synthesizing the views of Cisneros and Marquez, this article distinguishs thick and thin senses of excessive border enforcement and outlines a notion of the racial/sexual state of expendability as a way of making better sense of these violent realities.
Touch Mechanisms in Early Self Exploration
Authors: Hemami Hooshang 
Published: January 2019

Touch is the earliest sensory modality the infant relies on, and is crucial for the first months of life and for survival.
The other sensory modalities (taste, smell, vision, and hearing) become active later. Smell and taste are also critical in&nbsp;helping the infant identify the mother and, later, other caregivers and helpers. The study and analysis of the infant&rsquo;s central&nbsp;nervous system (CNS) is simpler and is easier to model and explore.
One of the primary functions of the newly born seems to be the exploration of self, mother, and (gradually) other objects&nbsp;in the environment. This paper deals with the slow process of exploration, identification and the development of self and&nbsp;object in the CNS. Although crude, the model allows a description and understanding of the processes of early merging,&nbsp;splitting, and denial of attributes of the self and object as psychological attributes.&nbsp;
The paper should motivate development of theoretical, computational and experimental models for the study of natural neural systems in the process of growth, maturity, and functional versatility. It should lead to formulations of redundant systems, growth of physical size, and functional properties of the CNS.
No experiments were conducted to validate the model. Physiological, neural and experimental efforts are needed that&nbsp;would confirm, improve, refute, or complement the model.
Enabling Technologies for Petaflops Computing
Authors: Sterling Thomas , Messina Paul , Smith Paul H. 
Published: January 2019

Chapters focus on four interrelated areas: applications and algorithms, device technology, architecture and systems, and software technology.
Building a computer ten times more powerful than all the networked computing capability in the United States is the subject of this book by leading figures in the high performance computing community. It summarizes the near-term initiatives, including the technical and policy agendas for what could be a twenty-year effort to build a petaFLOP scale computer. (A FLOP—Floating Point OPeration—is a standard measure of computer performance and a PetaFLOP computer would perform a million billion of these operations per second.) Chapters focus on four interrelated areas: applications and algorithms, device technology, architecture and systems, and software technology. While a petaFLOPS machine is beyond anything within contemporary experience, early research into petaFLOPS system design and methodologies is essential to U.S. leadership in all facets of computing into the next century. The findings reported here explore new and fertile ground. Among them: construction of an effective petaFLOPS computing system will be feasible in two decades, although effectiveness and applicability will depend on dramatic cost reductions as well as innovative approaches to system software and programming methodologies; a mix of technologies such as semiconductors, optics, and possibly cryogenics will be required; and while no fundamental paradigm shift in system architecture is expected, active latency management will be essential, requiring a high degree of fine-grain parallelism and the mechanisms to exploit it. Scientific and Engineering Computation series.
Georeferencing
Authors: Hill Linda L. 
Published: January 2019

An introduction to the principles of unified georeferencing, which uses placename and geospatial referencing interchangeably across all types of information storage and retrieval systems.
Georeferencing—relating information to geographic location—has been incorporated into today's information systems in various ways. We use online services to map our route from one place to another; science, business, and government increasingly use geographic information systems (GIS) to hold and analyze data. Most georeferenced information searches using today's information systems are done by text query. But text searches for placenames fall short—when, for example, a place is known by several names (or by none). In addition, text searches don't cover all sources of geographic data; maps are traditionally accessed only through special indexes, filing systems, and agency contacts; data from remote sensing images or aerial photography is indexed by geospatial location (mathematical coordinates such as longitude and latitude). In this book, Linda Hill describes the advantages of integrating placename-based and geospatial referencing, introducing an approach to "unified georeferencing" that uses placename and geospatial referencing interchangeably across all types of information storage and retrieval systems.
After a brief overview of relevant material from cognitive psychology on how humans perceive and respond to geographic space, Hill introduces the reader to basic information about geospatial information objects, concepts of geospatial referencing, the role of gazetteer data, the ways in which geospatial referencing has been included in metadata structures, and methods for the implementation of geographic information retrieval (GIR). Georeferencing will be a valuable reference for librarians, archivists, scientific data managers, information managers, designers of online services, and any information professional who deals with place-based information.
Nonpharmacologic Management of Symptoms in Females With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Narrative Review
Authors: Speelman Diana L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome is the most common hormone disorder in females of reproductive age, affecting reproductive, metabolic, and cardiovascular health. With an unknown cause and a spectrum of common signs and symptoms, diagnosis is based on consensus criteria, and treatment options often target individual symptoms, with variable effectiveness. Safe, effective complementary and alternative therapies can be used to manage symptoms. The first-line intervention is lifestyle modification, including weight loss when appropriate, with caloric restriction and exercise to maintain a healthy weight. Low-carbohydrate and/or low-glycemic index diets can provide additional benefits, and nutritional supplements may be useful adjuncts. The recommended physical activity regimen should include both aerobic and resistance exercise.
Dry Needling–Induced Pneumothorax
Authors: Patel Niyati , Patel Manali , Poustinchian Brian 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Dry needling is a widely used alternative therapy for musculoskeletal disorders, such as myofascial pain. The procedure involves placing a solid monofilament needle into myofascial trigger points or connective tissue to relieve pain. Some of the complications secondary to this procedure include cardiac tamponade, hematoma, infection, nerve injury, and pneumothorax. Although the incidence is low, the complications can be potentially life threatening. We present the case of a 44-year-old man who had dry needling of the infraspinatus, supraspinatus, rhomboid, and paraspinal muscles with subsequent development of a left apical pneumothorax. Given that the pneumothorax was small, the patient had good recovery with supplemental oxygen. Although the incidence of pneumothorax is very low, it is an important diagnosis to consider for a patient presenting with dry cough, malaise, chest pain, or shortness of breath after a dry needling procedure. Patients should be made aware of these potential complications as part of an informed consent.
INGLÊS COMO LÍNGUA FRANCA E A ESQUIZOFRENIA DO PROFESSOR (ENGLISH AS A LINGUA FRANCA AND TEACHER SCHIZOPHRENY)
Authors: Siqueira Sávio , Souza Juliana Da Silva 
Published: January 2019

<p>À medida que a conscientização sobre o status do inglês como língua global se consolida entre professores e aprendizes, novos desafios começam a surgir na área de Ensino de Língua Inglesa (ELI). As variedades do chamado inglês padrão começam a ter sua supremacia questionada, e uma real aceitação do Inglês como Língua Franca (ILF) deve requerer uma enorme mudança psicológica (JENKINS, 2007), provocando uma possível dissolução do estado de esquizofrenia do professor em relação a que inglês seria o mais legítimo para se ensinar. Uma vez que a pesquisa sobre ILF progride de forma sólida, demonstrando que as implicações pedagógicas de seus achados precisam ser melhor exploradas, até mesmo aqueles professores sensíveis ao ILF se veem divididos entre as reais necessidades de comunicação de seus alunos e o atrelamento ao modelo do Inglês como Língua Nativa (ILN) como exemplo de um inglês ‘melhor’ (SEIDLHOFER, 2011). É nesse cenário que um breve estudo foi conduzido com professores em pré-serviço, no nível universitário, em Salvador, Bahia. O objetivo da investigação foi saber de que forma o conhecimento sobre o paradigma do ILF afeta a visão dos professores no tocante à própria língua e também suas práticas de sala de aula. Os <em>insights</em> fornecidos pelos respondentes revelaram o grande potencial que o ILF apresenta para redimensionar crenças e atitudes no tocante ao Ensino de Língua Inglesa (ELI) em tal contexto, e o quão seguros esses professores em formação se sentem em termos de compreensão do fato de que, uma vez que seu estudantes são estimulados a se tornarem verdadeiros falantes “linguajeiros” (<em>languagers</em>) no uso do ILF, eles (os professores) serão capazes de minimizar ou até eliminar os efeitos do dilema que tem alcançado o nível de uma quase esquizofrenia. </p>
ITAMAR ASSUMPÇÃO: UM CANCIONISTA MINORITÁRIO ENTRE O VISÍVEL E O OBSCURO
Authors: Almeida Juliano Nogueira 
Published: January 2019

<p>O artigo tem como interesse propor uma leitura sobre a produção artística do cancionista Itamar Assumpção. Para tanto, serão consideradas canções que versam sobre o fenomeno da invisibilidade e da produção de uma arte minoritária. O repertório selecionado permite a discussão sobre o duplo movimento de aproximação e de distanciamento do artista em relação à “Indústria Cultural”. Ademais, ao longo do trabalho serão investigadas canções que tratam dos mecanismos de controle que acometem o homem comum.</p>
Retrieval practice can improve classroom review despite low practice test performance
Authors: Leggett Jack M. I. , Burt Jennifer S. , Carroll Annemaree 
Published: January 2019

SummaryReview is often more effective when it involves deliberate memory retrieval. However, this advantage may depend on a high rate of retrieval success; students who are less capable with the material may be better served by another activity. In our study, year 9 geography students listened to factual information, then reviewed some of it with a retrieval practice and feedback activity, some with a reading activity and left some unreviewed. We also manipulated the presence of hints during review—hints can affect the rate of retrieval success during practice and are relatively easy for teachers to provide. When tested 1 week later, most students showed a benefit of retrieval practice, even those who had performed poorly during review. There was also some evidence that hints improved learning when they made retrieval practice easier. Our findings suggest that retrieval practice, properly implemented, is advantageous for students of all ability levels.
Fast‐Response, Stiffness‐Tunable Soft Actuator by Hybrid Multimaterial 3D Printing
Authors: Zhang Yuan‐Fang , Zhang Ningbin , Hingorani Hardik , Ding Ningyuan , Wang Dong , Yuan Chao , Zhang Biao , Gu Guoying , Ge Qi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSoft robots have the appealing advantages of being highly flexible and adaptive to complex environments. However, the low‐stiffness nature of the constituent materials makes soft robotic systems incompetent in tasks requiring relatively high load capacity. Despite recent attempts to develop stiffness‐tunable soft actuators by employing variable stiffness materials and structures, the reported stiffness‐tunable actuators generally suffer from limitations including slow responses, small deformations, and difficulties in fabrication with microfeatures. This work presents a paradigm to design and manufacture fast‐response, stiffness‐tunable (FRST) soft actuators via hybrid multimaterial 3D printing. The integration of a shape memory polymer layer into the fully printed actuator body enhances its stiffness by up to 120 times without sacrificing flexibility and adaptivity. The printed Joule‐heating circuit and fluidic cooling microchannel enable fast heating and cooling rates and allow the FRST actuator to complete a softening–stiffening cycle within 32 s. Numerical simulations are used to optimize the load capacity and thermal rates. The high load capacity and shape adaptivity of the FRST actuator are finally demonstrated by a robotic gripper with three FRST actuators that can grasp and lift objects with arbitrary shapes and various weights spanning from less than 10 g to up to 1.5 kg.
Bienenstock, Cooper, and Munro Learning Rules Realized in Second‐Order Memristors with Tunable Forgetting Rate
Authors: Xiong Jue , Yang Rui , Shaibo Jamal , Huang He‐Ming , He Hui‐Kai , Zhou Wen , Guo Xin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMemristors with synaptic functions are very promising for developing artificial neural networks. Compared with the extensively reported spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity (STDP), Bienenstock, Cooper, and Munro (BCM) learning rules, the most accurate model of the synaptic plasticity to date, are more compatible with the neural computing system; however, the progress in the realization of the BCM rules has been quite limited. The realized BCM rules so far mostly performs just the spike‐rate‐dependent plasticity (SRDP), however, without a tunable sliding frequency threshold, because the memristors used to realize the BCM rules do not have tunable forgetting rates. In this work, the BCM rules with a tunable sliding frequency threshold are biorealistically implemented in SrTiO3‐based second‐order memristors; the forgetting rate of the memristors is tuned by engineering the electrode/oxide interface through controlling the electrode composition. The approach of this work is precise and efficient, and the biorealistic implementation of the BCM rules in memristors improves the efficiency of the neural network for the artificial intelligent system.
All‐in‐One Iontronic Sensing Paper
Authors: Li Sen , Pan Ning , Zhu Zijie , Li Ruya , Li Baoqing , Chu Jiaru , Li Guanglin , Chang Yu , Pan Tingrui 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPaper has been utilized as an ideal platform for chemical, biological, and mechanical sensing for its fibrous structures and properties in addition to its low cost. However, current studies on pressure‐sensitive papers have not fully utilized the unique advantages of papers, such as printability, cuttability, and foldability. Moreover, the existing resistive, capacitive, and triboelectric sensing modalities have long‐standing challenges in sensitivity, noise‐proofing, response time, linearity, etc. Here, a novel flexible iontronic sensing mechanism, referred to as iontronic sensing paper (ISP), is introduced to the classic paper substrates by incorporating both ionic and conductive patterns into an all‐in‐one flexible sensing platform. The ISP can then be structured into 2D or 3D tactile‐sensitive origamis only by the paper‐specific manipulations of printing, cutting, folding, and gluing. Notably, the ISP device possesses a device sensitivity of 10 nF kPa−1 cm−2, which is thousands of times higher than that of the commercial counterpart, a resolution of 6.25 Pa, a single‐millisecond response time, and a high linearity (R
2 > 0.996). Benefiting from the unique properties of the fibrous paper structures and its remarkable performances, the ISP devices hold enormous potential for the emerging human–machine interfaces, including smart packaging, health wearables, and pressure‐sensitive paper matrix.
Single‐Crystal ZnO/AlN Core/Shell Nanowires for Ultraviolet Emission and Dual‐Color Ultraviolet Photodetection
Authors: You Daotong , Xu Chunxiang , Zhao Jie , Qin Feifei , Zhang Wei , Wang Ru , Shi Zengliang , Cui Qiannan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCore–shell nanostructures can combine the advantages of different functional materials to realize property tunability and enhance optical and optoelectrical performance. Here, vertically aligned ZnO/AlN core/shell nanowires have been facilely fabricated by sputtering AlN layer onto the ZnO nanowires grown by vapor phase transport. The morphological and structural characterization reveals that single‐crystal AlN shell layer with thickness of ≈15 nm is coated uniformly on the single‐crystal ZnO nanowire with diameters of ≈330 nm. The core/shell nanowire exhibits 24 times enhancement of ultraviolet emission and quenching of the deep level emission from ZnO. Moreover, under ultraviolet irradiation (325 nm), the photodetector based on the core/shell nanowire displays higher photoresponsivity (from 3.8 × 103 to 2.05 × 104 A W−1), faster response speed (from 397 to 28 ms), and higher I325nm/Idark ratio (from 453 to 1.1 × 104) than that bare ZnO nanowire device. Under the vacuum ultraviolet (193 nm) illumination, the I193nm/Idark ratio and photoresponsivity are 300 and 381 A W−1, respectively. In one word, this paper employs a facile and general technique to solve a challenging fabrication issue, and obtains perfect crystal core/shell structure with high performance for ultraviolet emission and detection.
Gold‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 2,5‐Disubstituted Oxazoles from Carboxamides and Propynals
Authors: Xu Yun , Wang Qian , Wu Yufeng , Zeng Zhongyi , Rudolph Matthias , Hashmi A. Stephen K. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract2,5‐Disubstituted oxazoles are synthesized by oxidative gold catalysis. In contrast to a reported procedure that delivers 2,4‐disubstituted oxazoles starting from terminal alkynes, a switch in selectivity towards a 2,5‐disubstitution is achieved by the use of propynals as starting materials. In the new reaction, the key intermediate is formed by the nucleophilic attack of the carboxamide onto a gold carbenoid, and then condensates with the more electrophilic aldehyde moiety already present in the substrate and not with the ketone that is derived from the oxygen donor. This new cyclization mode introduces a new carbonyl moiety as substituent at the 2,5‐disubstituted oxazole, an attractive motive that can be found in bioactive compounds or be used for further derivatizations.magnified image
Efficient Removal of Cr(VI) from Aqueous Solutions by a Dual‐Pore Covalent Organic Framework
Authors: Cui Fu‐Zhi , Liang Rong‐Ran , Qi Qiao‐Yan , Jiang Guo‐Fang , Zhao Xin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRemoval of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from water is of great importance because of its enormous threat to water ecological environment and human health. Adsorption of Cr(VI) by porous materials is a promising technique to address this issue. However, to develop adsorbents with rapid uptake and high capacity remains a challenge. Herein, the great potential of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is demonstrated for the adsorption of Cr(VI) in aqueous solutions. A novel dual‐pore COF bearing hydroxyl groups is synthesized and exploited to remove chromate from aqueous solutions. It exhibits a fast removing process (272 Cr mg g−1 within 10 min), with a maximum adsorption capacity up to 384 Cr mg g−1, which is among the highest ones reported for porous materials so far. A mechanistic study reveals that the hydroxyl groups on the backbone of the COF play a critical role for the capture of Cr (VI).
Shape‐Controlled CO2 Electrochemical Reduction on Nanosized Pd Hydride Cubes and Octahedra
Authors: Zhu Wenlei , Kattel Shyam , Jiao Feng , Chen Jingguang G. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractElectrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) provides a potential pathway to mitigate challenges related to CO2 emissions. Pd nanoparticles have shown interesting properties as CO2RR electrocatalysts, while how different facets of Pd affect its performance in CO2 reduction to synthesis gas with controlled H2 to CO ratios has not been understood. Herein, nanosized Pd cubes and octahedra particles dominated by Pd(100) and Pd(111) facets are, respectively, synthesized. The Pd octahedra particles show higher CO selectivity (up to 95%) and better activity than Pd cubes and commercial particles. For both Pd octahedra and cubes, the ratio of H2/CO products is tunable between 1 and 2, a desirable ratio for methanol synthesis and the Fischer–Tropsch processes. Further studies of Pd octahedra in a 25 cm2 flow cell show that a total CO current of 5.47 A is achieved at a potential of 3.4 V, corresponding to a CO partial current density of 220 mA cm−2. In situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy studies show that regardless of facet Pd is transformed into Pd hydride (PdH) under reaction conditions. Density functional theory calculations show that the reduced binding energies of CO and HOCO intermediates on PdH(111) are key parameters to the high current density and Faradaic efficiency in CO2 to CO conversion.