bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Composition of carbohydrate, protein and lipid derived from microalgae using thermally pretreated solid waste
Authors: Rawindran Hemamalini , Khoo Kuan Shiong , Satpati Gour Gopal , Maity Sudatta , Chandran Krittika , Lim Jun Wei , Tong Woei‐Yenn , Setiabudi Herma Dina , Yunus Normawati M 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMicroalgae are widely recognized for their capacity to generate value‐added products in a variety of sectors, including the pharmaceutical and food industries, bioenergy industries and wastewater industries. The quality of a microalga is significantly influenced by its proliferation. Along with growth, the biochemical profile may also vary based on the nutrient that is supplemented. The majority of the supplemented nutrients utilized are not in a functional state, as they are typically extracted in liquid form or pretreated prior to use. Parallel to numerous commonly applied pretreatment processes, including chemical, mechanical and biological, thermal pretreatment appears to receive less attention. Hence it is crucial to comprehend the potential for thermal pretreatment as well as its mechanism in militating the solid waste to release additional nutrients in order to enhance the biochemical profile of microalgae. The current review takes a closer look at the impact of various thermal pretreatments on solid waste on influencing microalgal performance in terms of their overall biochemical profiles such as carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. This approach is likely to enhance the circular economy by utilizing waste products and effectively closing the loop on waste. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Gastric Cancer at a Nigerian Tertiary Referral Center: Experiences With Establishing an Institutional Cancer Registry
Authors: Yibrehu Betel , Mohammed Tajudeen Olakunle , Murthy Shilpa , Aderibigbe Adeniyi Sheriff , Daramola Oluwafemi Bamidele , Arije Olujide , Owoade Isreal , Wuraola Funmilola Olanike , Olasehinde Olalekan , Betiku Omolade , Folorunso Sharif Adeniyi , Omoyiola Oludolapo , Aderounmu Adewale , Adisa Adewale Oluseye , Kingham Peter Thomas , Alatise Olusegun Isaac 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn Nigeria, gastric cancer is the 10th most common and 9th most deadly malignancy. The limited availability of robust data makes further characterizing it challenging. The objective of this study was to assess the presentation, and management of gastric cancer in Nigeria using an institutional cancer registry.MethodsWe reviewed a prospective database of patients diagnosed with any gastric cancer at a single tertiary referral center over 15 years (2007–2022). Patients with suspected gastric cancer were surveyed for sociodemographics and then added to the institutional gastric cancer registry. Thereafter, periodic chart review and phone call was used to obtain investigation results, and survival data, respectively. Only patients with complete histopathology were included in analysis.Results138 patients met inclusion criteria (mean age 55.3 years, 68.8% male). Patients typically presented with weight loss (119, 86.2%) and anorexia (92, 66.7%). Blood work (132, 95.7%) and ultrasound (80, 57.9%) were the most common investigations. Most fully staged patients presented with metastatic disease (39, 90.2%). Patients underwent at least one treatment modality (109, 79.0%), and most 54 (49.5%) underwent both chemotherapy and surgery. Patients undergoing surgery usually had resection of their tumor (58, 67.4%). The median time of follow‐up was 45.6 months, and 51.4% (71) of patients were dead at that time point.ConclusionOur gastric cancer database identified that most patients present with advanced disease and are undergoing at least one treatment modality. The next steps include initiatives to strengthen the quality of registry data, identify high‐risk patients, and provide timely treatment.
Prevalence of Molecular Diagnoses for Usher Syndrome and the Need for Coordinated Care
Authors: Colbert Brett M. , Smeal Molly , Cromar Zachary J. , Rosa Potyra , Blanton Susan H. , Lam Byron L. , Liu Xue Z. 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionUsher syndrome (USH) is a rare, autosomal‐recessive genetic disorder and a leading cause of early onset deaf‐blindness. A clinical diagnosis is made by the presence of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Subtype (USH1, USH2, USH3) is determined by severity and age of onset. Molecular testing is able to further distinguish USH subtypes by causative gene. As gene therapy strategies continue to be explored for USH, it is important to know the underlying genetic cause and to coordinate care among an interdisciplinary team.MethodsWe reviewed charts of 198 individuals presenting to the RP clinic at Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (BPEI) for suspected USH. Demographic information, USH clinical diagnosis, molecular testing, molecular diagnosis, and audiological data were collected.ResultsOf the 198 patients reviewed, 190 (96%) met clinical criteria for USH and received a clinical diagnosis. There were 67 (35%) that had a genetic test with a pathogenic molecular diagnosis. The average ages at molecular diagnosis were USH1B, 20 years old; USH2A, 37 years old; USH2C, 50 years old. Of the 67 with a molecular diagnosis, 23 (34%) established ophthalmic care and 8 of these (11%) established audiological care.Discussion/ConclusionMolecular testing and diagnosis should be part of the routine care of USH individuals to facilitate earlier interventions and coordinated care between ophthalmology and audiology.Level of evidence4 Laryngoscope, 2024
Effects of enrichment of live prey with soy lecithin on growth, stress resistance, digestive enzymes activity, and antioxidant capacity in yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) larvae
Authors: Morshedi Vahid , Torfi Mozanzadeh Mansour , Noori Farzaneh , Agh Naser , Jafari Fatemeh , Hamedi Shirin , Azodi Maryam , Afshar Moghadam Reza , Eryalçın Kamil Mert 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPhospholipid (PL) is an essential nutrient that has vital effects on growth, stress resistance, and early development in marine fish larvae. In this regard, a 30‐day feeding experiment was conducted in order to examine the effects of live prey enrichment with graded levels of soy lecithin (SL) on some physiological responses of Acanthopagrus latus larvae. Four experimental emulsion levels of SL were used to enrich rotifer and Artemia including very low (2%, N‐Nil), low (4%, L), medium (8%, M), and high (12%, H). Newly hatched larvae were distributed into 12,250‐L cylindrical tanks with an initial density of 15,000 larvae in each tank that was supplied with natural seawater (23 ± 1°C; 40.0 ± 1.0 g L−1). Larvae fed live prey enriched with 4% SL significantly had higher wet weight gain than other treatments. Air exposure and osmotic activity tests were also performed to detect larval resistance to stress. Larvae fed live prey enriched with 8% and 12% SL had higher survival compared to the other two groups. The accumulation of arachidonic (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was increased in the whole body of larvae fed high SL‐supplemented live prey. Alkaline phosphatase and aminopeptidase N activities in the guts brush border membrane of larvae in M and H groups were higher than other treatments. The trypsin and chymotrypsin activities in the N group were lower than in other groups. The highest and lowest amylase activities were in the H and N groups, respectively. The activity of catalase in the whole body of the M group was higher than the N group and the glutathione reductase activity was significantly increased in the M and L groups compared to the N and H groups. Total antioxidant capacity in the whole body of larvae in the N group was lower than in the other treatments. In summary, moderate levels of SL (4%–8%) are suggested for the enrichment of live prey in A. latus.
Preferences regarding Disclosure of Risk for Parkinson's Disease in a Population‐based Study
Authors: Mahlknecht Philipp , Leiter Simon , Horlings Corinne , Schwarzová Katarína , Egner Iris , Stockner Heike , Marini Kathrin , Theyer Christoph , Zamarian Laura , Djamshidian Atbin , Seppi Klaus , Farfan Fernanda , Garrido Alicia , Ghosh Soumyabrata , Krüger Rejko , McIntyre Deborah , Mollenhauer Brit , Noyce Alastair , Pauly Claire , Pilco‐Janeta Daniel F. , Rege Kavita , Satagopam Venkata P. , Schade Sebastian , Simonet Cristina , Trenkwalder Claudia , Poewe Werner ,   the HeBA Consortium
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundPreferences for risk disclosure in population‐based studies assessing Parkinson's disease (PD) risk have not been assessed so far.ObjectivesTo examine preferences for risk disclosure in a subset of the European Healthy Brain Aging (HeBA) multicenter study.MethodsAfter a remote PD risk assessment, a structured pilot‐questionnaire on risk disclosure was first presented to participants (≥50 years, without neurodegenerative diseases) during in‐person visits at the Innsbruck study site.ResultsFrom the included 81 participants (63% females, median age 65 years), 79% expressed an unconditional desire to be informed about their PD risk. Confronted with a hypothetical scenario of a positive, specific PD test, most would try to live a healthier lifestyle. Regarding future placebo‐controlled disease‐modification trials, 66% stated they would probably or definitely participate.ConclusionsThis pilot‐study shows an open‐minded view of participants towards disclosure of risk for future PD and a proactive attitude regarding dealing with one's risk.
Magnetic properties and I‐V characteristics of DC magnetron sputtered [Co (0.2 nm)/Ni (0.4 nm)]10 thin films
Authors: Sarkar Subrata , Hussain Rafikul , Rajbanshi Dhananjoy , Srivastava Sandeep Kumar 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA set of [Co(0.2 nm)/Ni(0.4 nm)]10 multilayers (MLs) thin films were fabricated on silicon and glass substrate under various distinct conditions (i) as‐prepared films without an under‐layer, (ii) films with a copper [Cu(2 nm)] underlayer (UL), (iii) films with an in situ annealed Ta/Cu UL during sputtering, and (iv) films with post‐annealing treatment, by using a DC magnetron sputtering machine. The [Co/Ni] MLs thin films prepared under various conditions exhibit in‐plane magnetic anisotropic behavior except as‐prepared films which show isotropic behavior. The maximum saturation magnetization was observed in the as‐prepared films prepared on both silicon and glass substrate. The Ta/Cu UL in situ annealing followed by post‐annealing films exhibit highest coercivity, moderate saturation magnetization but lowest squareness in contrast to the films deposited under other conditions. The I‐V curves of the films show diode like behavior with breakdown voltage of 42, 58, 14, and 21 V for [Co/Ni] MLs under four different conditions.
Sex differences in ectopic lipid deposits and cardiac function across a wide range of glycemic control: a secondary analysis
Authors: Harreiter Jürgen , Just Ivica , Weber Michael , Klepochová Radka , Bastian Magdalena , Winhofer Yvonne , Wolf Peter , Scherer Thomas , Leutner Michael , Kosi‐Trebotic Lana , Deischinger Carola , Chmelík Marek , Krebs Michael R. , Trattnig Siegfried , Krššák Martin , Kautzky‐Willer Alexandra 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to identify sex differences in ntrahepatocellular (HCL) and intramyocardial lipids (MYCL) and cardiac function in participants with different grades of glucometabolic impairment and different BMI strata.MethodsData from 503 individuals from 17 clinical experimental studies were analyzed. HCL and MYCL were assessed with 3T and 7T scanners by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Cardiac function was measured with a 3T scanner using electrocardiogram‐gated TrueFISP sequences. Participants were classified as having normoglycemia, prediabetes, or type 2 diabetes. Three‐way ANCOVA with post hoc simple effects analyses was used for statistical assessment.ResultsConsistent increases of HCL with BMI and deterioration of glucose metabolism, especially in female individuals, were detected. MYCL increased with BMI and glucose impairment in female individuals, but not in male individuals. Sex differences were found in cardiac function loss, with significant effects found among male individuals with worsening glucose metabolism. Myocardial mass and volume of the ventricle were higher in male individuals in all groups. This sex difference narrowed with increasing BMI and with progressing dysglycemia.ConclusionsSex differences in HCL and MYCL may be associated with a higher cardiovascular disease risk observed in female individuals progressing to diabetes. Further studies are needed to elucidate possible sex differences with advancing glucometabolic impairment and obesity and their potential impact on cardiovascular outcomes.image
Critique, Vision and Cosmology: Millenarian Ideas in Melanesia
Authors: Hirsch Eric 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAn essential connection between critique and the millenarian has been proposed with particular reference to the study of Melanesian cargo cults. It is argued here that all critique is not necessarily millenarian. Rather, what is crucial for critique to have a millenarian form is for local cosmological ideas and practices to become transformed into the source of a new kind of future; a future that appears delimited by outside power relations (colonial, mission, capitalist) that now define what is possible. Often this involves altering local cosmological ideas of the outside (e.g. the dead) as the new source of future fecundity. The article considers two cases, among Fuyuge and Manus Islands peoples, where forms of critique and the millenarian have radically different outcomes.
Effect of polyacrylic acid‐polypropylene‐polyacrylic acid triblock copolymers with different acid content on mechanical properties of carbon fiber/polypropylene composites
Authors: Yokoi Daichi , Sasaki Daisuke , Takahashi Tatsuhiro 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe use of polyacrylic acid‐polypropylene‐polyacrylic acid triblock copolymers (PAA‐iPP‐PAA, abbreviated as iPP‐PAA) with different acrylic acid contents (9, 19.5, 29 wt%) as compatibilizers for carbon fiber (CF)/polypropylene (PP) composites and their effect on the tensile properties of the composites were investigated. The addition of iPP‐PAA improved the tensile properties of the CF/PP composites. This enhancement in mechanical properties was considered to be due to the hydrogen bonding network between iPP‐PAAs, which improved the mechanical properties of the matrix resin itself, and to hydrogen bonding between carbon fiber surface and iPP‐PAAs, which improved the interfacial adhesion. A higher acrylic acid content of iPP‐PAA resulted in better interfacial properties; however, excessive acrylic acid content adversely affected the crystallinity and tensile properties of the composite, which suggests that there is an optimum acrylic acid content for the iPP‐PAA. The results indicated that iPP‐PAA is an effective compatibilizer in CF/PP composites, and the iPP‐PAA with the best performance had an acrylic acid content of 19.5%.Highlights
PAA‐PP‐PAA copolymers used as compatibilizers for CF/PP composites.
Acrylic acid content of PAA‐PP‐PAA varied as 9%, 19.5%, and 29%.
Tensile properties of CF/PP composites enhanced by iPP‐PAA addition.
Hydrogen bonding improved mechanical properties of matrix resin and CF‐resin adhesion.
Optimum acrylic acid content for CF/PP composite was 19.5%.
Second Opinion Seeking in Paediatric Oncology: Motivations and Predictors
Authors: Kerras Stephen , Hetherington Kate , Toofanian Sara , Manoharan Neevika , Ziegler David S. , Mateos Marion K. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionThis study investigated the prevalence, methods and factors leading carers of childhood cancer patients to seek second opinions.MethodsA prospective, questionnaire‐based study was conducted among families attending oncology clinics at Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick. Participants were asked whether they had sought a second opinion for their child and if so, their motivations. Factors including cancer diagnosis, carer demographics and online health seeking behaviours were evaluated in association with second opinions. A separate online questionnaire invited paediatric oncologists worldwide to indicate the frequency of, and their approach to, second opinion requests via email.ResultsFourteen out of 126 carers (11.1%) sought a second opinion from another oncologist to confirm diagnoses (64.3%), explore treatment options (64.3%) or receive additional information (57.1%). A brain cancer diagnosis was the most significant predictor for second opinion seeking in univariate (p = 0.009) and multivariate analyses (p = 0.015). Among carers who reported using the internet for health information seeking (n = 98), second opinions were independently associated with social media use (p = 0.014) and frequent health‐related searches (p = 0.027). Most paediatric oncologists (71/89, 79.8%) had received second opinion requests via email, with 21.3% (19/89) reporting that these occur at least weekly. Surveyed oncologists provided a second opinion for some (59.2%) or all (33.8%) requests they received, with 68.5% supporting guideline development for second opinions in paediatric oncology.ConclusionsSecond opinions are regularly sought by carers of childhood cancer patients, with many paediatric oncologists approached over email. International guidelines may be warranted to assist paediatric oncologists and families in navigating these requests.
Perceived Control as a Potential Protective Factor for Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors in Cancer Patients and Survivors: A Systematic Review With Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Hirschmiller Judith , Schmeckenbecher Jim , Schwinn Tamara , Wiltink Jörg , Brähler Elmar , Kapusta Nestor , Zwerenz Rüdiger , Beutel Manfred E. , Ernst Mareike 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveIndividuals affected by cancer have an elevated risk of experiencing suicidal crises. Aligning established suicide theories with social‐cognitive theories, perceived control and related constructs emerge as potential protective factors for suicidal thoughts and behaviors in cancer patients. As perceived control is potentially modifiable, it holds great potential for prevention and intervention efforts. We aimed to comprehensively synthesize the evidence on perceived control and its link with suicidal thoughts and behaviors in cancer patients.MethodsThe search term and procedures were registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023391048). We systematically searched the databases PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Web‐of‐Science Core Collection, Cochrane Library, adding a grey literature search. In addition to the narrative review, pooled effect sizes, moderation and subgroup analysis were calculated.ResultsThe systematic search yielded 1986 original reports of which 36 were included in the systematic review and 25 in the meta‐analysis. Demoralization, help‐/hopelessness, and self‐efficacy were the most commonly studied facets of control, showing a relatively large, pooled correlation with suicidal ideation overall (r = 0.45, [95% CI = 0.38–0.52], Q = 346.15, p < 0.01, I2 = 91.2%) and across operationalisations (demoralisation: r = 52; hopelessness: r = 45; self‐efficacy: r = 0.40). Moderation analyses revealed no effect of cancer stages; but more directly cancer‐associated variables (demoralisation, hopelessness) were more closely related to suicidal ideation (QM = 5.40, p = 0.02) than general self‐efficacy.ConclusionThe findings underscore the pivotal role of perceived control in shaping severe distress in cancer patients. More studies are needed examining perceived control in a narrower sense.
Modeling the future carbon sink: Land‐use and climate change may offset CO2 fertilization in the United States
Authors: Felzer Benjamin S. 
Published: November 2024

Societal Impact StatementThe terrestrial carbon sink currently consumes about a third of the CO2 released to the atmosphere by fossil fuel emissions and land‐use change. In light of future carbon emissions, it is important to understand how that carbon sink will change in order to better determine how much CO2 remains in the atmosphere. This study uses a modeling approach to compare a middle‐of‐the‐road (SSP245) versus rocky road (SSP370) scenario for the conterminous United States. While both scenarios result in a carbon sink by the end of the century, it is larger in SSP245, due to less deforestation and more moderate climate.Summary

This modeling study explores how elevated atmosphere CO2, climate warming, and land use and land cover change (LULCC) will affect the direction and magnitude of the terrestrial carbon sink during the 21st century for the conterminous United States.
Initial conditions are averaged and condensed for each plant functional type (PFT) from a historical run from 1750 to 2014 with the Terrestrial Ecosystems Model (TEM). Future experiments consider the effect of climate change, LULCC, and the CO2 fertilization effect (CFE) from 2015 to 2099 using the SSP245 and SSP370 scenarios from the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Earth System Model (NCAR CESM2) model.
The resultant effect on accumulated net carbon exchange (NCE) is 12.2 PgC for SSP245 versus 2.4 PgC for SSP370. Separating out the effects of climate, LULCC, and CFE results in a negative effect from both climate (−1.6 vs. −14.6 PgC) and LULCC (−5.6 vs. −15.4 PgC) and a positive effect from CFE (8 vs. 17.1 PgC) for SSP245 versus SSP370. The effect on water dynamics is that the SSP370 climate results in more evapotranspiration (ET) with less soil moisture and runoff, while the LULCC effect of SSP370 results in lower ET with more soil moisture and runoff. Both scenarios produce lower ET with elevated CO2, and more soil moisture and runoff.
The SSP245 scenario has more afforestation and less deforestation than the SSP370 scenario, providing more potential carbon offsets for the voluntary carbon market. This study highlights the carbon and water benefits of a more sustainable LULCC scenario.
Investigation of a fully mechanistic physiologically based pharmacokinetics model of absorption to support predictions of milk concentrations in breastfeeding women and the exposure of infants: A case study for albendazole
Authors: Cole Susan , Malamatari Maria , Butler Andrew , Arshad Mahnoor , Kerwash Essam 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDue to limited non‐clinical and clinical data, European guidance recommends to discontinue breastfeeding when taking albendazole. The aim of this study was to consider the use of PBPK modeling to support the expected exposure in breastfed infants. A fully mechanistic PBPK approach was used to provide quantitative predictions of albendazole and its main active metabolite, albendazole sulfoxide, concentrations in plasma and breast milk of lactating women. The model predicted the exposure in adults and the large food effect, however, it does not predict all the clinical data for the exposure in children. Milk/plasma ratio predictions were also largely over‐predicted for this lipophilic compound, but not for the less lipophilic metabolite. Predictions using the observed ratio and a worse‐case exposure based on Cmax predictions, suggest doses to children through milk will be low. However, more clinical data are required before full exposure predictions can be made to breastfed infants.
Plastic bronchitis in an adult
Authors: Bandara Harshana , Davis Michael D. , Fowler Stephen J. 
Published: November 2024

Key messagePlastic bronchitis is rare in adult pulmonology and has a wide range of aetiology. Cast analysis is key in narrowing down the differential diagnosis of plastic bronchitis. If suspected of having lymphocytic PB, complete imaging to evaluate thoracic lymphatics is important to find out the potential causes for PB.