bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High frequency and severity of pleural changes in former workers exposed to anthophyllite associated with other contaminating amphibole asbestos in Brazil
Authors: Macedo Ronaldo Ferreira , Cerqueira Elza Maria Figueiras Pedreira , Algranti Eduardo , Silva Dailto , De Capitani Eduardo Mello 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the frequency and severity of pleuropulmonary alterations in anthophyllite‐exposed former workers in Itapira, São Paulo, Brazil. The amphibole anthophyllite, a magnesium‐iron silicate, had its mining, marketing, and use forbidden in Brazil in 1995.MethodsFormer workers were followed from 1999 to 2011. All completed chest X‐ray interpreted using the International Labour Office (ILO) classification. High‐resolution computed tomography was used at the final evaluation. Spirometry assessed forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), and FEV1/FVC throughout the follow‐up period. Samples from the mined ore were analyzed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy coupled to energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS).ResultsXRD and SEM‐EDS confirmed the presence in ore of anthophyllite at a concentration of 75%, in addition to tremolite and other amphiboles in lower concentrations. Twenty‐eight subjects were evaluated. Median time of exposure was 3 years (minimum = 1; maximum  = 18; interquartile interval = 1‐4). Twenty cases of pleural abnormalities were diagnosed in 26 evaluated (77%). The average latency time was 25.6 ± 7.4 years. Two individuals (7.7%) showed progressive worsening of diffuse pleural thickening (DPT) and exhibited an annual FVC decrease of 85 mL and 150 mL, respectively.ConclusionThis small sample showed a very high index of nonmalignant pleural abnormalities in anthophyllite‐exposed workers compared with workers exposed to other kinds of fibers. Rapidly progressive DPT, defined by the severity of pleural compromise, was possibly secondary to the presence of other amphibole types in the inhaled dust. No significant loss of FVC was found in the studied group as a whole. No cases of asbestosis, lung carcinoma, and mesothelioma were diagnosed in this cohort.
Transfer of the health care burden of occupational injuries and diseases from labor insurance to national health insurance in Taiwan
Authors: Cheng Wan‐Ju , Chung Pei‐Hua , Cheng Yawen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundOccupational injury and diseases result in substantial national health care burden. However, medical costs are often transferred to injured workers or the health insurance system. This study aims to examine the health care service utilization patterns of injured workers under the National Health Insurance (NHI) program in Taiwan and the barriers to medical benefit claims from labor insurance workers’ compensation.MethodsThe total amount spent on medical benefits and national health expenditure from 1980 to 2014 was obtained. Workers who have experienced occupational injuries or diseases were identified in four waves of national surveys, and the types of medical care use were compared. In‐depth interviews were conducted with 52 workers who had experienced occupational injuries and diseases.ResultsSince the implementation of the NHI program in 1995, medical benefits from workers’ compensation have dropped substantially. In total, 75% of the workers who experienced occupational injuries or diseases had their medical costs covered through NHI. The time and effort costs caused by barriers against claiming medical benefits from workers’ compensation decreased the incentive for workers from certain socioeconomic groups to make workers’ compensation claims.ConclusionMedical costs attributable to occupational injuries or diseases were mainly paid through NHI instead of through labor insurance. The economic burden was partially shifted from employers to workers, taxpayers, and the government.
Effort‐reward imbalance and ambulatory blood pressure among female Las Vegas hotel room cleaners
Authors: Feaster Matthew , Arah Onyebuchi A. , Krause Niklas 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundEffort‐reward imbalance (ERI) was hypothesized to be associated with ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) and pulse pressure (PP) among female hotel room cleaners.MethodsERI, ABP, and PP were assessed among 419 cleaners from five hotels during 18 waking hours. Adjusted linear regression models were used to assess associations of ERI with ABP and PP during 18‐hours, work hours, and after work hours.ResultsThere was a pattern of higher ERI being associated with higher 18‐hour systolic ABP and 18‐hour PP although the results were imprecise. An increase of ERI by half its range was associated with a 1.6 mmHg (95% CI, −1.6‐4.7) increase in 18‐hour systolic blood pressure (SBP) and a 0.7 mmHg (95% CI, −1.1‐2.5) increase in 18‐hour PP. An increase in rewards by half its range was associated with a 2 mmHg decrease in after‐hours SBP (−2.2, 95% CI, −5.4‐1.0) and after‐hours PP (−1.9, 95% CI, −3.8‐0.0). Among females 45 years or older, ERI was associated with 2.1 and 2.2 mmHg increase in 18‐hour and work hours diastolic ABP, respectively, compared to a 0 mmHg change in 18‐hour and work hours diastolic ABP in younger women. The number of dependents at home attenuated the association.ConclusionsERI was positively associated with ABP, particularly SBP, and the association was modified by age and the number dependents at home, although the estimates were imprecise. Workplace interventions that integrate stress management and active ABP surveillance appear warranted. However, larger studies with Latina women need to confirm our results.
Identification of gene ontology and pathways implicated in suicide behavior: Systematic review and enrichment analysis of GWAS studies
Authors: González‐Castro Thelma B. , Tovilla‐Zárate Carlos A. , Genis‐Mendoza Alma D. , Juárez‐Rojop Isela E. , Nicolini Humberto , López‐Narváez María L. , Martínez‐Magaña José J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMultiple large‐scale studies such as genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have been performed to identify genetic contributors to suicidal behaviors (SB). We aimed to summarize and analyze the information obtained in SB GWAS, to explore the biological process gene ontology (GO) of genes associated with SB from GWAS, and to determine the possible implications of the genes associated with SB in Kyoto encyclopedias of genes and genomes (KEGG) biological pathways. The articles included in the analysis were obtained from PubMed and Scopus databases. Enrichment analyses were performed in Enrichr to evaluate the KEGG pathways and GO of the genes associated with SB of GWAS. The findings of biological process GO analysis showed 924 GO involved in genes related with SB; of those, the regulation of glucose import in response to insulin stimulus, regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane, positive regulation of endopeptidase activity, heterotypic cell–cell adhesion, regulation of cardiac muscle cell contraction, positive regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane, and positive regulation of protein localization to cell periphery biological process GO showed significant statistical association. Furthermore, we obtained 130 KEGG pathways involved in genes related with SB, which Aldosterone synthesis and secretion, Rap1 signaling pathway and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy pathways showed a significant statistical association. These findings give a better perspective of the biological participation of genes associated with SB, which will be important to perform adequate strategies to prevent and treat SB.
Recent Developments in Stereoselective Chemical Glycosylation
Authors: Ling Jesse , Bennett Clay S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBecause of their pivotal biological functions, attention to sugars and glycobiology has grown rapidly in recent decades, leading to increased demand for homogeneous oligosaccharides. The stereoselective preparation of oligosaccharides by chemical means remains challenging and continues to be a vivid research area for organic chemists. In the past decade, new approaches and reinvestigated traditional methods have transformed the field. These developments include novel catalyses, various types of glycosylation modulators and the use of photochemical energy to facilitate glycosylation. This Minireview presents a brief overview of the latest trends in chemical glycosylation, with emphasis on the stereoselective synthetic protocols developed in the past decade.
Diversity‐Oriented Desulfonylative Functionalization of Alkyl Allyl Sulfones
Authors: Xia Yong , Studer Armido 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe diversity‐oriented desulfonylative functionalization of alkyl allyl sulfones with various sulfone‐type reagents by radical chemistry has been developed. The readily installed allylsulfonyl moiety acts as a C‐radical precursor, which is substituted by various functionalities using sulfur‐based radical trapping reagents. The generality of this approach is documented by the successful desulfonylative alkynylation, azidation, trifluoromethylthiolation, sulfenylation, trifluoromethylselenylation, halogenation, and deuteration. The method is compatible with a wide range of functional groups. Considering the deuteration, products are obtained in good yields with a high level of deuterium incorporation.
Efficient Kinetic Resolution of Sulfur‐Stereogenic Sulfoximines by Exploiting CpXRhIII‐Catalyzed C−H Functionalization
Authors: Brauns Marcus , Cramer Nicolai 
Published: May 2019

AbstractChiral sulfoximines with stereogenic sulfur atoms are promising motifs in drug discovery. We report an efficient method to access chiral sulfoximines through a C−H functionalization based kinetic resolution. A rhodium(III) complex equipped with a chiral Cpx ligand selectively participates in conjunction with phthaloyl phenylalanine in the C−H activation of just one of the two sulfoximine enantiomers. The intermediate reacts with various diazo compounds, providing access to chiral 1,2‐benzothiazines with synthetically valuable substitution patterns. Both sulfoximines and 1,2‐benzothiazines were obtained in high yields and excellent enantioselectivity, with s‐values of up to 200. The utility of the method is illustrated by the synthesis of the key intermediates of two pharmacologically relevant kinase inhibitors.
Induction of a Four‐Way Junction Structure in the DNA Palindromic Hexanucleotide 5′‐d(CGTACG)‐3′ by a Mononuclear Platinum Complex
Authors: van Rixel Vincent H. S. , Busemann Anja , Wissingh Mathijs F. , Hopkins Samantha L. , Siewert Bianka , van de Griend Corjan , Siegler Maxime A. , Marzo Tiziano , Papi Francesco , Ferraroni Marta , Gratteri Paola , Bazzicalupi Carla , Messori Luigi , Bonnet Sylvestre 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFour‐way junctions (4WJs) are supramolecular DNA assemblies comprising four interacting DNA strands that in biology are involved in DNA‐damage repair. In this study, a new mononuclear platinum(II) complex 1 was prepared that is capable of driving the crystallization of the DNA oligomer 5′‐d(CGTACG)‐3′ specifically into a 4WJ‐like motif. In the crystal structure of the 1–CGTACG adduct, the distorted‐square‐planar platinum complex binds to the core of the 4WJ‐like motif through π–π stacking and hydrogen bonding, without forming any platinum–nitrogen coordination bonds. Our observations suggest that the specific molecular properties of the metal complex are crucially responsible for triggering the selective assembly of this peculiar DNA superstructure.
Atom‐by‐Atom Resolution of Structure–Function Relations over Low‐Nuclearity Metal Catalysts
Authors: Vorobyeva Evgeniya , Fako Edvin , Chen Zupeng , Collins Sean M. , Johnstone Duncan , Midgley Paul A. , Hauert Roland , Safonova Olga V. , Vilé Gianvito , López Núria , Mitchell Sharon , Pérez‐Ramírez Javier 
Published: May 2019

AbstractControlling the structure sensitivity of catalyzed reactions over metals is central to developing atom‐efficient chemical processes. Approaching the minimum ensemble size, the properties enter a non‐scalable regime in which each atom counts. Almost all trends in this ultra‐small frontier derive from surface science approaches using model systems, because of both synthetic and analytical challenges. Exploiting the unique coordination chemistry of carbon nitride, we discriminate through experiments and simulations the interplay between the geometry, electronic structure, and reactivity of palladium atoms, dimers, and trimers. Catalytic tests evidence application‐dependent requirements of the active ensemble. In the semi‐hydrogenation of alkynes, the nuclearity primarily impacts activity, whereas the selectivity and stability are affected in Suzuki coupling. This powerful approach will provide practical insights into the design of heterogeneous catalysts comprising well‐defined numbers of atoms.
A Catalase‐Like Metal‐Organic Framework Nanohybrid for O2‐Evolving Synergistic Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: He Zhimei , Huang Xiaolin , Wang Chen , Li Xiangli , Liu Yijing , Zhou Zijian , Wang Sheng , Zhang Fuwu , Wang Zhantong , Jacobson Orit , Zhu Jun‐Jie , Yu Guocan , Dai Yunlu , Chen Xiaoyuan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTumor hypoxia, the “Achilles’ heel” of current cancer therapies, is indispensable to drug resistance and poor therapeutic outcomes especially for radiotherapy. Here we propose an in situ catalytic oxygenation strategy in tumor using porphyrinic metal‐organic framework (MOF)‐gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) nanohybrid as a therapeutic platform to achieve O2‐evolving chemoradiotherapy. The AuNPs decorated on the surface of MOF effectively stabilize the nanocomposite and serve as radiosensitizers, whereas the MOF scaffold acts as a container to encapsulate chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin. In vitro and in vivo studies verify that the catalase‐like nanohybrid significantly enhances the radiotherapy effect, alleviating tumor hypoxia and achieving synergistic anticancer efficacy. This hybrid nanomaterial remarkably suppresses the tumor growth with minimized systemic toxicity, opening new horizons for the next generation of theranostic nanomedicines.
Subspace controllability of Boolean networks
Authors: Ji Zhengping 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMany Boolean control networks contain independent uncontrollable subnetworks, which may affect other nodes; and the rest of the system is called subspace of sub‐controllable states. This paper investigates the problem of subspace controllability under free input sequences, while the presumption that the initial states of those independent subnetworks are designable is canceled. An algorithm based on the common asymptotic periodic properties of the states is developed to find the reachable sets. Accordingly, the existing controllability criteria for subspaces when initial states of subnetworks are designable is improved, and a necessary and sufficient condition of subspace controllability via subnetworks and free inputs is derived. A design technique involving a kind of newly defined addition is presented to construct desired controls.
Manipulability analysis of a snake robot without lateral constraint for head position control
Authors: Ariizumi Ryo , Tanaka Motoyasu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTwo dynamic manipulability criteria of a snake robot with sideways slipping are proposed with the application to head trajectory tracking control in mind. The singular posture, which is crucial in head tracking control, is characterized by the manipulability and examined for families of typical robot shapes. Differences in the singular postures from those of the robot with lateral constraints, which have not been clear in previous studies, are clarified in the analysis. In addition to the examination of local properties using the concept of manipulability, we discuss the effect of isotropic friction as a global property. It is well known that, at least empirically, a snake robot needs anisotropy in friction to move by serpentine locomotion if there are no objects for it to push around. From the point of view of integrability, we show one of the necessary conditions for uncontrollability is satisfied if the friction is isotropic.
The motivations of psychotherapists: An in‐depth survey
Authors: McBeath Alistair 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundExamining the motivations of psychotherapists has not been a popular topic of systematic research. Knowing why people want to become therapists is clearly important because this factor will inevitably impact on therapeutic outcomes. The absence of research‐led knowledge on therapists′ motivations allows this key issue to remain a relatively unattended focus within reflective practice and personal development.AimTo collect data about therapists′ motivations from a large number of practitioners so that core findings could be generalised to the wider profession.MethodA total of 540 psychotherapists completed an online survey with significant numbers offering supporting qualitative data. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Qualitative data were subject to thematic and textual analysis.ResultsA large majority of therapists believe that their career choice was influenced by unconscious motivations, that their motivations are likely to change over time and that their own psychic wounds can contribute to effective therapy.ConclusionPsychotherapists are clearly prepared to reflect, in depth, on why they have been drawn to the profession. The fact that an awareness of therapists′ motivations may be variable that they may change over time and can be linked to personal vulnerability suggests that the topic should be an integral part of practitioners′ ongoing personal development and a discrete focus in formal training programmes.
Efficient Site‐Specific Antibody–Drug Conjugation by Engineering a Nature‐Derived Recognition Tag for Microbial Transglutaminase
Authors: Ebenig Aileen , Juettner Norbert Egon , Deweid Lukas , Avrutina Olga , Fuchsbauer Hans‐Lothar , Kolmar Harald 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMicrobial transglutaminase (mTG) has recently emerged as a powerful tool for antibody engineering. In nature, it catalyzes the formation of amide bonds between glutamine side chains and primary amines. Being applied to numerous research fields from material sciences to medicine, mTG enables efficient site‐specific conjugation of molecular architectures that possess suitable recognition motifs. In monoclonal antibodies, the lack of native transamidation sites is bypassed by incorporating specific peptide recognition sequences. Herein, we report a rapid and efficient mTG‐catalyzed bioconjugation that relies on a novel recognition motif derived from its native substrate Streptomyces papain inhibitor (SPIP). Improved reaction kinetics compared to commonly applied sequences were demonstrated for model peptides and for biotinylation of Her2‐targeting antibody trastuzumab variants. Moreover, an antibody–drug conjugate assembled from trastuzumab that was C‐terminally tagged with the novel recognition sequence revealed a higher payload‐antibody ratio than the reference antibody.
Life‐threatening peripartum cardiomyopathy—Not expected when expecting
Authors: Magnusson Peter , Kihlström Gabriella , Wallhagen Marita , Rambaree Komalsingh 
Published: May 2019

Key Clinical MessagePeripartum cardiomyopathy is challenging to diagnose as it mimics symptoms present in normal pregnancy. The clinical course and prognosis are various. In selected cases, a cardioverter implantable defibrillator with/without cardiac resynchronization therapy, mechanical ventricular assist device treatment, and transplantation is indicated.
Reversible Structural Transformations of Metal–Organic Frameworks as Artificial Switchable Catalysts for Dynamic Control of Selectively Cyanation Reaction
Authors: Huang Chao , Li Gaoxiang , Zhang Lin , Zhang Yingying , Mi Liwei , Hou Hongwei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe synthesis of molecular‐level artificial switchable catalysts, of which activity in different chemical processes can be switched by controlling different stimuli, has provided a new paradigm to perform mechanical tasks and measurable work. In this work, to obtain highly effective and regioselective artificial switchable catalysts, a hierarchical anion‐pillared framework {(H3O)[Cu(CPCDC)(4,4′‐bpy)]}n (1; H3CPCDC=9‐(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐9H‐carbazole‐3,6‐dicarboxylic acid, 4,4′‐bpy=4,4′‐bipyridine), including free [H3O]+ ions as guest molecules, was constructed. Upon dissolve–exchange–crystallization behavior, fascinating reversible structural transformations proceeded between anion framework 1 and neutral 2D stair‐stepping framework {[Cu(CPCDC)(4,4′‐bpe)]}n (2; 4,4′‐bpe=4,4′‐vinylenedipyridine). Moreover, frameworks 1 and 2 can act as heterogeneous artificial switchable catalysts to selectively promote the direct cyanation reaction of terminal alkynes and azobisisobutyronitrile. The results indicated that 1 and 2 exhibited excellent selectivity to generate vinyl isobutyronitrile skeletons or propiolonitrile frameworks, respectively, as unique products. Furthermore, indicating paper, GC‐MS, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis demonstrated that the reversible structural transformations endowed 1 and 2 with well‐defined platforms to stabilize the isobutyronitrile and CN sources through the different catalytic pathways.
Convergent neuronal projections from paraventricular nucleus, parabrachial nucleus, and brainstem onto gastrocnemius muscle, white and brown adipose tissue in male rats
Authors: Doslikova Barbora , Tchir Devan , McKinty Amanda , Zhu Xinxia , Marks Daniel L. , Baracos Vickie E. , Colmers William F. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWhen energy balance is altered by aerobic exercise, starvation, and cold exposure, for example, there appears to be coordination of the responses of skeletal muscle, white adipose (WAT), and brown adipose (BAT) tissues. We hypothesized that WAT, BAT, and skeletal muscle may share an integrated regulation by the central nervous system (CNS); specifically, that neurons in brain regions associated with energy balance would possess neuroanatomical connections to permit coordination of multiple, complementary responses in these downstream tissues. To study this, we used trans‐neuronal viral retrograde tract tracing, using isogenic strains of pseudorabies virus (PRV) with distinct fluorescent reporters (either eGFP or mRFP), injected pairwise into male rat gastrocnemius, subcutaneous WAT and interscapular BAT, coupled with neurochemical characterization of specific cell populations for cocaine‐ and amphetamine‐related transcript (CART), oxytocin (OX), corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) and calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP). Cells in the paraventricular (PVN) and parabrachial (PBN) nuclei and brainstem showed dual projections to muscle + WAT, muscle + BAT, and WAT + BAT. Dual PRV‐labeled cells were found in parvocellular, magnocellular and descending/pre‐autonomic regions of the PVN, and multiple structural divisions of the PBN and brainstem. In most PBN subdivisions, more than 50% of CGRP cells dually projected to muscle + WAT and muscle + BAT. Similarly, 31–68% of CGRP cells projected both to WAT + BAT. However, dual PRV‐labeled cells in PVN only occasionally expressed OX or CRH but not CART. These studies reveal for the first time both separate and shared outflow circuitries among skeletal muscle and subcutaneous WAT and BAT.