bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alternative Magnesium Sulfate Dosing Regimens for Women With Preeclampsia: A Population Pharmacokinetic Exposure‐Response Modeling and Simulation Study
Authors: Du Lihong , Wenning Larissa A. , Carvalho Brendan , Duley Lelia , Brookfield Kathleen F. , Witjes Han , de Greef Rik , Lumbiganon Pisake , Titapant Vitaya , Kongwattanakul Kiattisak , Long Qian , Sangkomkamhang Ussanee S. , Gülmezoglu Ahmet M. , Oladapo Olufemi T. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMagnesium sulfate is the anticonvulsant of choice for eclampsia prophylaxis and treatment; however, the recommended dosing regimens are costly and cumbersome and can be administered only by skilled health professionals. The objectives of this study were to develop a robust exposure‐response model for the relationship between serum magnesium exposure and eclampsia using data from large studies of women with preeclampsia who received magnesium sulfate, and to predict eclampsia probabilities for standard and alternative (shorter treatment duration and/or fewer intramuscular injections) regimens. Exposure‐response modeling and simulation were applied to existing data. A total of 10 280 women with preeclampsia who received magnesium sulfate or placebo were evaluated. An existing population pharmacokinetic model was used to estimate individual serum magnesium exposure. Logistic regression was applied to quantify the serum magnesium area under the curve‐eclampsia rate relationship. Our exposure‐response model‐estimated eclampsia rates were comparable to observed rates. Several alternative regimens predicted magnesium peak concentration < 3.5 mmol/L (empiric safety threshold) and eclampsia rate ≤ 0.7% (observed response threshold), including 4 g intravenously plus 10 g intramuscularly followed by either 8 g intramuscularly every 6 hours × 3 doses or 10 g intramuscularly every 8 hours × 2 doses and 10 g intramuscularly every 8 hours × 3 doses. Several alternative magnesium sulfate regimens with comparable model‐predicted efficacy and safety were identified that merit evaluation in confirmatory clinical trials.
Heterostructured Ag/g‐C3N4/TiO2 with enhanced visible light photocatalytic performances
Authors: Zhou Bo , Hong Haitao , Zhang Haifeng , Yu Shansheng , Tian Hongwei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDTitanium dioxide (TiO2) is considered as one of the most potential photocatalysts among various oxide semiconductor photocatalysts. In order to improve the photocatalytic performance of TiO2‐based photocatalysts, it is pivotal to explore an efficient method to promote the separation of photoexcited charges, accelerate the carrier transmission efficiency and enhance visible‐light absorption.RESULTSIn this study, heterostructured Ag/g‐C3N4/TiO2 ternary photocatalysts were successfully constructed using a facile accessible route. The structures, morphologies, chemical compositions and optical properties of the obtained composites were characterized by various analytical methods. The performance of the ternary photocatalysts was then tested for degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation. The specimen prepared by loading 2% silver (Ag) nanoparticles onto the composites showed the best photocatalytic activity towards RhB degradation (99.7%) with satisfactory stability. The degradation rate using ternary photocatalyst reached 0.0179 min−1, almost 20‐ and 2.3‐folds higher than those of pure TiO2 and binary sample. To gain better insights, a possible photocatalytic enhancement mechanism was also proposed.CONCLUSIONThe improved photocatalytic properties were attributed to the heterostructure between TiO2 and graphite carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) as well as the loading Ag nanoparticles. The formation of the heterostructure between TiO2 and g‐C3N4, combined with the load of Ag nanoparticles created a synergistic effect, leading to the enhanced photocatalytic performance. Overall, these findings look promising for future photodegradation of organic pollutants. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Association between K469E polymorphism of ICAM‐1 gene and susceptibility of ischemic stroke: An updated meta‐analysis
Authors: Nepal Gaurav , Yadav Jayant Kumar , Kong YuHui 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1)/leukocyte function associated antigen‐1 (LFA‐1) adhesion system regulates leukocyte interactions, migration, and adhesion, and appears to play an important role in atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Therefore, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the ICAM‐1 gene may strongly influence the expression and biological activity of ICAM‐1 and play a potentially important role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. In the current meta‐analysis, we investigated the relationship between the ICAM‐1 gene K469E SNP and the risk of ischemic stroke.MethodsTwo investigators independently searched PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, WANFANG, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and J‐STAGE for studies published from January 2000 to February 2019 without language restriction. The association of K469E polymorphism and ischemic stroke in three genetic models (allelic, recessive, and dominant) were evaluated using Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsOur study included 20 studies from four continents and four different countries, including 3,137 cases and 15,382 controls. Meta‐analysis results did not show a significant association between K469E polymorphism of ICAM‐1 gene and ischemic stroke when assuming allelic model (OR: 1.12; 95% CI: 0.8 to 1.55;p = 0.51;I2 = 93%) or recessive model (OR: 1.28; 95% CI: 0.89 to 1.84;p = 0.18;I2 = 82%) or dominant model (OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 0.92 to 1.56;p = 0.17;I2 = 85%). However, in all three genetic models, subgroup analysis revealed that the K469E polymorphism of the ICAM‐1 gene is associated with ischemic stroke in the Caucasian population.ConclusionK469E polymorphism of ICAM‐1 gene might be a risk factor for ischemic stroke in Caucasians, which suggested that K469E polymorphism might help in early identification of those at risk and help in primary prevention of ischemic stroke.
Copper Sulfide Nanodisks and Nanoprisms for Photoacoustic Ovarian Tumor Imaging
Authors: Wang Junxin , Hsu Su‐wen , Gonzalez‐Pech Natalia , Jhunjhunwala Anamik , Chen Fang , Hariri Ali , Grassian Vicki , Tao Andrea , Jokerst Jesse V. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTransvaginal ultrasound is widely used for ovarian cancer screening but has a high false‐positive rate. Photoacoustic imaging provides additional optical contrast to supplement ultrasound and might be able to improve the accuracy of screening. Two copper sulfide (CuS) nanoparticle types (nanodisks and triangular nanoprisms) are reported as photoacoustic contrast agents for imaging ovarian cancer. Both CuS nanoprisms and nanodisks are ≈6 nm thick and ≈26 nm wide and are coated with poly(ethylene glycol) to make them colloidally stable in phosphate‐buffered saline for at least two weeks. The CuS nanodisks and nanoprisms reveal strong localized surface plasmon resonances with peak maxima at 1145 and 1098 nm, respectively. Both nanoparticle types have strong and stable photoacoustic intensity with detection limits below 120 pm. The circular CuS nanodisk remains in the circulation of nude mice (n = 4) and xenograft 2008 ovarian tumors (n = 4) 17.9‐fold and 1.8‐fold more than the triangular nanoprisms, respectively. Finally, the photoacoustic intensity of the tumors from the mice (n = 3) treated with CuS nanodisks is threefold higher than the baseline. The tumors treated with nanodisks have a characteristic peak at 920 nm in their spectrum to potentially differentiate the tumor from adjacent tissues.
Characterization and Catalytic Properties of Ni‐Fe Spinel Catalysts for Total Oxidation of Ethanol
Authors: Benrabaa Rafik , Benadda Amel , Hammiche‐Bellal Yasmina , Boukhlouf Hamza , Trentesaux Martine , Rubbens Annick , Vannier Rose‐Noëlle , Löfberg Axel 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper deals with the study of the reducibility of Ni−Fe spinel oxides prepared by co‐precipitation and hydrothermal methods with NaOH or ammonia and their behavior in ethanol combustion. The reducibility was investigated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) after pretreatment under H2 at 400 °C. Depending on the synthesis method, structural properties (X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Raman analysis), the surface area (BET), particle size (Rietveld refinement), as well as the surface Ni/Fe atomic ratio (XPS) and the behavior upon reduction varied. The best performances were obtained for hydrothermal conditions with a total conversion achieved at ∼ 300 °C. Ni2+ species seem to play a significant role in complete oxidation of ethanol; they were identified as the active species. A good correlation between structural, textural, reducibility and catalytic activity was established.
Trace evidence? The term trace from adjective to noun
Authors: Buzzini Patrick , Kammrath Brooke W. , De Forest Peter 
Published: June 2019

AbstractUnfortunate inconsistency and confusion exists with respect to the term trace evidence. With the term trace evidence, “trace” is commonly used as an adjective to connote the small size of materials (often microscopic) that can be used to aid in an investigation by providing linkages, or associations, between potential suspects, victims, and scenes. This article proposes a resolution of the conflicting definitions of trace evidence. Rather than the widely held view of trace evidence having only associative value, we advocate for the historic and broader conceptualization of the physical traces produced during an event. In this concept, the term trace is a noun. Such traces address interrogatives to develop an understanding of the physical record and a reconstruction of the activities taking place during events under investigation. Additionally, it must be recognized that adherence to the scientific method during an investigation is imperative for the understanding of traces, and, at a minimum, input by educated and experienced scientists is required to maximize the value that traces contribute to investigations.This article is categorized under:
Forensic Science in Action/Crime Scene Investigation > Epistemology and Method
Forensic Science in Action/Crime Scene Investigation > Crime Scene Reconstruction
Forensic Chemistry and Trace Evidence > Trace Evidence
A Model of Chronic Disease Management: Israeli Physicians' Approach to Cardiovascular Risk Factor Management
Authors: Bord Shiran , Zelber‐Sagi Shira , O'Brien Cherry Colleen , Yeshua Hanny , Matalon Andre , Schuster Richard J. 
Published: June 2019

The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) death in Israel, a high‐income country that provides universal healthcare, is ~25 percent lower than in the United States. Is better disease management a factor? Primary care physicians answered a web‐based survey asking how they manage patients with CVD risk factors and about the health‐care system at the macro level. Most physicians (53.6 percent) spent 5–10  minutes managing CVD risks; 39.3 percent spent 10–20  minutes. Over 40 percent of physicians scheduled return visits in  less than  3 months. Their emphasis was on either balanced lifestyle and medication management or lifestyle (91 percent), while only 9 percent emphasized medication management. They believe that universal coverage and the motivation of both the doctor and patient are key in the successful outcomes. Israeli physicians provide resource‐intensive disease management, committing time, providing frequently repeated visits, and focusing on a balance of lifestyle and medication management. These practices may provide good chronic disease management and could contribute to reduced cardiovascular death.
Measurement and Conceptualization of Gaming Disorder According to the World Health Organization Framework: the Development of the Gaming Disorder Test
Authors: Pontes Halley M. , Schivinski Bruno , Sindermann Cornelia , Li Mei , Becker Benjamin , Zhou Min , Montag Christian 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPrevious research on gaming disorder (GD) has highlighted key methodological and conceptual hindrances stemming from the heterogeneity of nomenclature and the use of non-standardized psychometric tools to assess this phenomenon. The recent recognition of GD as an official mental health disorder and behavioral addiction by the World Health Organization (WHO) in the 11th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) opens up new possibilities to investigate further the psychosocial and mental health implications due to excessive and disordered gaming. However, before further research on GD can be conducted in a reliable way and within a robust cross-cultural context, a valid and reliable standardized psychometric tool to assess the construct as defined by the WHO should be developed. The aim of this study was to develop The Gaming Disorder Test (GDT), a brief four-item measure to assess GD and to further explore its psychometric properties. A sample of 236 Chinese (47% male, mean age 19.22 years, SD = 1.57) and 324 British (49.4% male, mean age 26.74 years, SD = 7.88) gamers was recruited online. Construct validity of the GDT was examined via factorial validity, nomological validity, alongside convergent and discriminant validity. Concurrent validity was also examined using the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale—Short-Form (IGDS9-SF). Finally, reliability indicators involving the Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability coefficients were estimated. Overall, the results indicated that GDT is best conceptualized within a single-factor structure. Additionally, the four items of the GDT are valid, reliable, and proved to be highly suitable for measuring GD within a cross-cultural context.
Modeling pilot mental workload using information theory
Authors: Zhang X. , Qu X. , Xue H. , Zhao H. , Li T. , Tao D. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPredicting mental workload of pilots can provide cockpit designers with useful information to reduce the possibility of pilot error and cost of training, improve the safety and performance of systems, and increase operator satisfaction. We present a theoretical model of mental workload, using information theory, based on review investigations of how effectively task complexity, visual performance, and pilot experience predict mental workload. The validity of the model was confirmed based on data collected from pilot taxiing experiments. Experiments were performed on taxiing tasks in four different scenarios. Results showed that predicted values from the proposed mental workload model were highly correlated to actual mental workload ratings from the experiments. The findings indicate that the proposed mental workload model appears to be effective in the prediction of pilots’ mental workload over time.
Lowering the bucks for the bang: viewing pharmaceutical price negotiations through a behavioural lens
Authors: OLIVER ADAM 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article is a speculative perspective on the behavioural factors that may influence price negotiations between pharmaceutical ‘buyers’ and ‘sellers’. It is contended that several behavioural economic-related phenomena may affect price negotiations, including anchoring, loss aversion, a tendency (or otherwise) to reciprocate and a concern for one's reputation. The most important influence, however, is likely to be anchoring, which will particularly benefit the seller of a product if they are allowed to set the initial anchor in a price negotiation. Consequently, it is argued that the most effective way in which to counter the seller's anchor is likely to be to regulate so that the buyer makes the first offer.
Fiscal rules and electoral turnout
Authors: Aaskoven Lasse 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA growing literature has argued that electoral turnout decreases the more government policy constrained by economic and institutional factors. This paper investigates whether a certain type of policy constraint, fiscal rules, lowers turnout. Since fiscal rules set limits for government fiscal policy, they should lower the incentive for citizens to participate electorally. However, using parliamentary turnout data in a large panel of democratic countries, little robust evidence is found in favor of fiscal rules having a depressing effect on electoral turnout. Analysis of European individual-level data also suggests that national fiscal rules do not affect inequality in electoral turnout between income groups either. Difference-in-discontinuity evidence from Italian municipalities further suggests that the results are causally identified.
ESTIMATES OF THE SECOND DERIVATIVE OF BOUNDED ANALYTIC FUNCTIONS
Authors: CHEN GANGQIANG 
Published: June 2019

Assume a point $z$ lies in the open unit disk $\mathbb{D}$ of the complex plane $\mathbb{C}$ and $f$ is an analytic self-map of $\mathbb{D}$ fixing 0. Then Schwarz’s lemma gives $|f(z)|\leq |z|$, and Dieudonné’s lemma asserts that $|f^{\prime }(z)|\leq \min \{1,(1+|z|^{2})/(4|z|(1-|z|^{2}))\}$. We prove a sharp upper bound for $|f^{\prime \prime }(z)|$ depending only on $|z|$.
Control of Crinkle-leaf of Coffee in Kenya
Authors: Wormer T. M. , Firman I. D. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryCrinkle-leaf is an abnormal condition of the leaf of coffee in Kenya, the cause of which is unknown. Preliminary observations showed that its symptoms are suppressed by spraying with captan and experiments were carried out to investigate whether this material would provide an economic coivtrol. Spraying at the rate of 4 lb per acre, when symptoms of the condition first appeared, gave good control but lower quantities were less effective. Means of predicting the severity of the condition have not yet been evolved and the spray programme must therefore be adjusted each season to meet the local conditions. The spraying of nurseries and young suckers is recommended as soon as early symptoms are noted, since the cost is low, whereas the spraying of large areas of mature coffee requires a careful assessment of the possible economic advantages. Susceptibility to crinkle-leaf was found to differ between cultivars.
Evaporation from Lucerne Under Advective Conditions in the Sudan I. Factors Affecting Water Losses and Their Measurement
Authors: Hudson J. P. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryIt is suggested that irrigation should ideally be based on two sets of measurements, i.e. of conditions in the leaf and of cumulative evaporation rates respectively, on the assumption that the question 'When to irrigate ? ’ can best be answered from a knowledge of leaf water potential and the daytime behaviour of stomata, and the question ‘How much water to apply?’ from a knowledge of the current soil water deficit. It is emphasized that there is no unique or fixed relation between leaf water potential and soil water deficit, and since neither can be deduced from the other it is advisable to measure both in critical experimental work on irrigation. Various methods of measuring leaf water potential and evaporation rates are discussed, and their value in experimental work assessed.
Effects of Organic Mulch on Fertility of a Latosolic Coffee Soil in Kenya
Authors: Robinson J. B. D. , Hosegood P. H. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryMeasurements are reported on the influence of mulch on the chemical and physical characteristics of the soil and the chemical composition of the crop, together with growth measurements on an indicator crop in the greenhouse and on mature coffee in the field. Mulch reduced soil acidity; increased organic carbon, Kjeldahl nitrogen, exchangeable potassium and available phosphorus; and decreased exchangeable calcium and manganese. It increased total pore space, free-draining pore space and rate of rainfall acceptance in the top soil. Effects on the coffee were to increase phosphorus, potassium and in some cases nitrogen in the leaf, but reduce magnesium and calcium levels. Potassium and calcium levels were increased in feeder roots, whereas in the ripe cherry the phosphorus level was increased but nitrogen, calcium and magnesium levels were reduced. The soil effects were reflected in increased growth of the indicator crop and mulch improved the growth of the coffee tree in a year of seasonal drought.
The functional morphology of the scolex and the genitalia of Acanthobothrium coronatum (Rud.) (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea)
Authors: Rees Gwendolen , Williams H. Harford 
Published: June 2019

The genus Acanthobothrium van Beneden, 1850, seems to be in a state of slight confusion due, possibly, to some inadequate descriptions which have led to subsequent misidentifications of some of the species. The type species A. coronatum was first recorded and very briefly described by Rudolphi (1819) as Bothriocephalus coronatus from ‘Squali stellaris, Squali squatinus and Torpedinis marmoratae“. Since then specimens have been assigned to this species which probably belong elsewhere; the list of synonyms and the host records are extensive. Baer (1948) divided the species of the genus into two groups, namely, those parasitic in sharks and those in rays. This seems to be a reasonable distinction as specificity is very marked in cestodes and especially in those of elasmobranchs. It was thought that a detailed study of the type species, presented here, would be a useful preliminary to a consideration of the genus as a whole.Specimens of A. coronatum were obtained from the spiral valve of Scyliorhinus stellaris (L.) caught in Cardigan Bay in July 1956 and at Plymouth in August 1958 and August and September 1959. The number of worms, complete with scoleces varied from 6 to 10 per fish and in one instance 14. Many fragments of two to three proglottids and many individual proglottids were also present. The scoleces were attached in the first turn of the spiral valve and the strobila adhered feebly along the whole length, sometimes as far back as the rectal gland, leaving on removal a distinct groove in the mucosa.
The pin-worm parasites (Nematoda: Oxyuridae) of the Hapalidae (Mammalia: Primates)
Authors: Inglis William G. , Cosgrove G. E. 
Published: June 2019

The Oxyuridae parasitic in Primates have a restricted host range with, in the wild, one species of parasite characteristic of one genus of host (Inglis, 1961). Under such conditions one would expect the hosts and their parasites to show parallel evolutionary trends. While this is not established in detail there is a broad correlation between the trends that can be established in the morphology of the parasites and the phylogenies of the hosts (Inglis, 1965).Recently some parasites were reported which suggested that the Hapalidae could be considered primitive monkeys of the superfamily Ceboidea rather than specialized (Inglis & Dunn, 1964), but it was then stressed that, because few parasite records were available, the suggestion must be tentative. However, two further samples of pin-worms from Hapalidae have now become available which also support this suggestion. One sample is from Oedipomidas oedipus (reported by Menschel & Stroh (1963) as Enterobius minutus) and the other is from Callimico goeldii. Both samples represent new species which are described below.The specimens from C. goeldii are particularly interesting because they represent a species which is clearly con-generic with those from the Hapalidae that have been studied. This suggests that Callimico should be referred to the family Hapalidae rather than to the family Cebidae or even, as is suggested by some authors, to a distinct family Callimiconidae.Both the new species are referable to the genus Trypanoxyuris and the opportunity is taken to publish an illustration of the lateral view of the male tail of Trypanoxyuris callithricis (Fig. 1).