bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classification of facial peri‐implant soft tissue dehiscence/deficiencies at single implant sites in the esthetic zone
Authors: Zucchelli Giovanni , Tavelli Lorenzo , Stefanini Martina , Barootchi Shayan , Mazzotti Claudio , Gori Guido , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of a peri‐implant soft tissue dehiscence/deficiency (PSTD) is not a rare finding. Despite multiple previous attempts aimed at correcting the PSTDs, a classification of these conditions has not yet been proposed. This lack in the literature may also lead to discrepancies in the reported treatment outcomes and thus misinform the clinician or the readers. The aim of the present article was therefore to present a classification of peri‐implant PSTD at a single implant site.MethodsFour classes of PSTDs were discussed based on the position of the gingival margin of the implant‐supported crown in relation to the homologous natural tooth. In addition, the bucco‐lingual position of the implant head was also taken into consideration. Each class was further subdivided based on the height of the anatomical papillae.ResultsSubsequently, for each respective category a surgical approach (including bilaminar techniques, the combined prosthetic‐surgical approach or soft tissue augmentation with a submerged healing) was also suggested.ConclusionThis paper provides a new classification system for describing PSTDs at single implant sites, with the appropriate recommended treatment protocol.
Oxidation delay of sunflower oil under frying by moringa oil addition: more than just a blend
Authors: Boukandoul Silia , Santos Carla SP , Casal Susana , Zaidi Farid 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundBlending Moringa oleifera oil (MOO) with other oils of recognized lower stability under prolonged frying results in oxidation delay. The present study aimed to detail the probable molecular interactions supporting these observations, using a small amount of MOO (20%) and sunflower oil (SFO; 80%) under domestic deep‐frying conditions (intermittent frying of fresh potatoes, 180 °C, 2 × 90 min day−1, 5 days).ResultsBlending 20% MOO with SFO resulted in a significantly lower formation of polymers (<43 to 85%) and oxidized triglycerides (<20 to 60%), a 25–60% reduction in p‐anisidine value and total volatile aldehydes, particularly alkadienals, and a better performance than the one predicted from the oils' mass ratio. Blending was particularly effective in vitamin E and antioxidant activity preservation, probably from interaction with some MOO components such as sterols and vitamin E, while carotenoids and phenolics do not seem to be implicated.ConclusionsThese results provide an interesting use for MOO, improving the thermo‐oxidative performance of SFO while providing nutritional benefits and lowering the formation of toxic compounds during prolonged deep‐frying. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Continuous separation of maslinic and oleanolic acids from olive pulp by high‐speed countercurrent chromatography with elution‐extrusion mode
Authors: Huang Xin‐Yi , Zhang Xia , Pei Dong , Liu Jian‐Fei , Gong Yuan , Aisa Haji Akber , Di Duo‐Long 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this work, a continuous high‐speed countercurrent chromatography method has been developed on the basis of elution‐extrusion mode and this method was successfully applied to the separation of maslinic and oleanolic acid from the extract of olive pulp. In the process of ‘elution’, the sample solution was continuously loaded into the column and the maslinic acid was steadily eluted out in this step while highly retained oleanlic acid always stayed in the column. In the process of ‘extrusion’, the oleanlic acid was pushed out of the column with the stationary phase. In this way, we achieved a large sample loading. A total of 120 mL sample solution (about 89.55% of the column volume) which contains 600 mg olive pulp extract was pumped in the apparatus by a constant‐flow pump and the maslinic and oleanolic acids were largely separated within 120 min. Both of these two compounds presented high yields and high purities (271.6 mg for maslinic acid with 86.7% and 83.9 mg oleanolic acids with 83.4%).
Functional outcomes of the modified submandibular gland transfer procedure
Authors: Murray Scott , Chung Jeffson , Zhang Han , Baker Sarah , Jha Naresh , Scrimger Rufus , Debenham Brock , Biron Vincent , Harris Jeffery , O'Connell Daniel , Seikaly Hadi 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesTreatment for advanced head and neck cancers typically includes surgery followed by radiation therapy (RT). Radiation‐induced xerostomia is a common sequela of these treatments. The modified submandibular gland transfer (M‐SGT) procedure was developed to decrease xerostomia in the treatment of oral cavity cancer by sparing one submandibular gland (SMG) from radiation. This study's objectives were to: 1) elucidate the radiation‐sparing capacity of the M‐SGT, and 2) study the xerostomia‐reducing potential of the M‐SGT based on the University of Washington Quality‐of‐Life Questionnaire (UW‐QOL).MethodsRadiation therapy treatment plans were reviewed for all patients treated with surgery and RT who had a M‐SGT at the University of Alberta Hospital during the study period. Outcomes included: 1) radiation dose received by the transferred SMG within the periparotid area compared to the submandibular triangle (ST), and 2) patient‐reported saliva scores on the UW‐QOL compared to historical controls without a gland transfer.ResultsTwenty‐two patients were included. The mean radiation dose received by the transferred SMG was 29.00 grays (Gy) (standard deviation 14.59 Gy), thus reducing the mean radiation dose to the SMG by a statistically significant 18.34 Gy (confidence interval 95% (13.37, 23.32), P < 0.01) compared to the ST and below the D50 of the SMG (34 Gy). Sixty‐five percent of patients rated their saliva as normal or mildly reduced on the UW‐QOL as compared to 16% of controls (P = 0.01).ConclusionThe M‐SGT technique is successful at reducing the radiation dose sustained by the SMG during adjuvant treatment and provides a significant improvement in xerostomia‐related functional outcomes as compared to historical controls not receiving a gland transfer.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:925–929, 2020
The Intention‐to‐Treat Effect of Bridging Treatments in the Setting of Milan Criteria–In Patients Waiting for Liver Transplantation
Authors: Lai Quirino , Vitale Alessandro , Iesari Samuele , Finkenstedt Armin , Mennini Gianluca , Onali Simona , Hoppe‐Lotichius Maria , Manzia Tommaso M. , Nicolini Daniele , Avolio Alfonso W. , Mrzljak Anna , Kocman Branislav , Agnes Salvatore , Vivarelli Marco , Tisone Giuseppe , Otto Gerd , Tsochatzis Emmanuel , Rossi Massimo , Viveiros Andre , Ciccarelli Olga , Cillo Umberto , Lerut Jan ,   for the European Hepatocellular Cancer Liver Transplant Study Group
Published: May 2019

In patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) meeting the Milan criteria (MC), the benefit of locoregional therapies (LRTs) in the context of liver transplantation (LT) is still debated. Initial biases in the selection between treated and untreated patients have yielded conflicting reported results. The study aimed to identify, using a competing risk analysis, risk factors for HCC‐dependent LT failure, defined as pretransplant tumor‐related delisting or posttransplant recurrence. The study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (identification number NCT03723304). In order to offset the initial limitations of the investigated population, an inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) analysis was used: 1083 MC‐in patients (no LRT = 182; LRT = 901) were balanced using 8 variables: age, sex, Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) value, hepatitis C virus status, hepatitis B virus status, largest lesion diameter, number of nodules, and alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP). All the covariates were available at the first referral. After the IPTW, a pseudo‐population of 2019 patients listed for LT was analyzed, comparing 2 homogeneous groups of untreated (n = 1077) and LRT‐treated (n = 942) patients. Tumor progression after LRT was the most important independent risk factor for HCC‐dependent failure (subhazard ratio [SHR], 5.62; P < 0.001). Other independent risk factors were major tumor diameter, AFP, MELD, patient age, male sex, and period of wait‐list registration. One single LRT was protective compared with no treatment (SHR, 0.51; P < 0.001). The positive effect was still observed when 2‐3 treatments were performed (SHR, 0.66; P = 0.02), but it was lost in the case of ≥4 LRTs (SHR, 0.80; P = 0.27). In conclusion, for MC‐in patients, up to 3 LRTs are beneficial for success in intention‐to‐treat LT patients, with a 49% to 34% reduction in failure risk compared with untreated patients. This benefit is lost if more LRTs are required. A poor response to LRT is associated with a higher risk for HCC‐dependent transplant failure.
Mimicking the Ice Recrystallization Activity of Biological Antifreezes. When is a New Polymer “Active”?
Authors: Biggs Caroline I. , Stubbs Christopher , Graham Ben , Fayter Alice E. R. , Hasan Muhammad , Gibson Matthew I. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAntifreeze proteins and ice‐binding proteins have been discovered in a diverse range of extremophiles and have the ability to modulate the growth and formation of ice crystals. Considering the importance of cryoscience across transport, biomedicine, and climate science, there is significant interest in developing synthetic macromolecular mimics of antifreeze proteins, in particular to reproduce their property of ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI). This activity is a continuum rather than an “on/off” property and there may be multiple molecular mechanisms which give rise to differences in this observable property; the limiting concentrations for ice growth vary by more than a thousand between an antifreeze glycoprotein and poly(vinyl alcohol), for example. The aim of this article is to provide a concise comparison of a range of natural and synthetic materials that are known to have IRI, thus providing a guide to see if a new synthetic mimic is active or not, including emerging materials which are comparatively weak compared to antifreeze proteins, but may have technological importance. The link between activity and the mechanisms involving either ice binding or amphiphilicity is discussed and known materials assigned into classes based on this.
CNBP controls tumor cell biology by regulating tumor‐promoting gene expression
Authors: Lee Eunhye , Lee Taeyun A. , Yoo Hye Jin , Lee Sungwook , Park Boyoun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCellular nucleic acid‐binding protein (CNBP) is associated with cell proliferation, and its expression is elevated in human tumors, but the molecular mechanisms of CNBP in tumor cell biology have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we report that CNBP is a transcription factor essential for regulating matrix metalloproteinases mmp‐2, mmp‐14, and transcription factor e2f2 gene expression by binding to their promoter regions via a sequence‐specific manner. Importantly, epidermal growth factor stimulation is required to induce CNBP phosphorylation and nuclear transport, thereby promoting the expression of mmp‐2, mmp‐14, and e2f2 genes. As a consequence, loss of cnbp attenuates the ability of tumor cell growth, invasion, and migration. Conversely, overexpression of cnbp is associated with tumor cell biology. Collectively, our findings reveal CNBP as a key transcriptional regulator of tumor‐promoting target genes to control tumor cell biology.
Social enterprises and the performance measurement challenge: Could the data envelopment analysis be the solution?
Authors: Dia Mohamed , Bozec Richard 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to show how data envelopment analysis (DEA) could be used to assess the performance of social enterprises (SEs). This paper is based on a general review of the literature dealing with both the DEA and SEs. Despite its popularity, the DEA has rarely been employed to analyse the efficiency of SEs. This is quite surprising considering the analytical strength of the DEA and its adaptability to different organizational forms and contexts. This paper highlights the advantages of the DEA for dual‐function organizations such as SEs and proposes DEA formulation guidelines tailored for these organizations.
Identification of novel biomarkers and small molecule drugs in human colorectal cancer by microarray and bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Chen Juan , Wang Ziheng , Shen Xianjuan , Cui Xiaopeng , Guo Yuehua 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors. In the present study, the expression profile of human multistage colorectal mucosa tissues, including healthy, adenoma, and adenocarcinoma samples was downloaded to identify critical genes and potential drugs in CRC.MethodsExpression profiles, GSE33113 and GSE44076, were integrated using bioinformatics methods. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed by R language. Functional enrichment analyses of the DEGs were performed using the Database for Annotation, visualization, and integrated discovery (DAVID) database. Then, the search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes (STRING) database and Cytoscape were used to construct a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network and identify hub genes. Subsequently, survival analysis was performed among the key genes using Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). Connectivity Map (CMap) was used to query potential drugs for CRC.ResultsA total of 428 upregulated genes and 751 downregulated genes in CRC were identified. The functional changes of these DEGs were mainly associated with cell cycle, oocyte meiosis, DNA replication, p53 signaling pathway, and progesterone‐mediated oocyte maturation. A PPI network was identified by STRING with 482 nodes and 2,368 edges. Survival analysis revealed that high mRNA expression of AURKA, CCNB1, CCNF, and EXO1 was significantly associated with longer overall survival. Moreover, CMap predicted a panel of small molecules as possible adjuvant drugs to treat CRC.ConclusionOur study found key dysregulated genes involved in CRC and potential drugs to combat it, which may provide novel insights and potential biomarkers for prognosis, as well as providing new CRC treatments.
Impact of magnetic fields on dose measurement with small ion chambers illustrated in high‐resolution response maps
Authors: Lehmann Joerg , Beveridge Toby , Oliver Chris , Bailey Tracy E. , Lye Jessica E. , Livingstone Jayde , Stevenson Andrew W. , Butler Duncan J. 
Published: May 2019

PurposeDosimetry of ionizing radiation in the presence of strong magnetic fields is gaining increased relevance in light of advances for MRI‐guided radiation therapy. While the impact of strong magnetic fields on the overall response of ionization chambers has been simulated and measured before, this work investigates the local impact of the magnetic field on dose response in an ion chamber. High‐resolution 1D and 2D response maps have been created for two small clinical thimble ionization chambers, the PinPoint chambers 31006 and 31014 (Physikalisch Technische Werkstaetten Freiburg, Germany).MethodsWorking on the Imaging and Medical Beam Line of the Australian Synchrotron an intense kilovoltage radiation beam with very low divergence, collimated to 0.1 mm was used to scan the chambers by moving them on a 2D motion platform. Measured current and beam position were correlated to create the response maps. Small neodymium magnets were used to create a field of about 0.25 T. Chamber axis, magnetic field, and beam direction were perpendicular to each other. Measurements were performed with both orientations of the magnetic field as well as without it. Chamber biases of 5 and 250 V in both polarities were used.ResultsThe local distribution of the response of small thimble‐type ionization chambers was found to be impacted by a magnetic field. Depending on the orientation of the magnetic field, the chamber response near the stem was either enhanced or reduced with the response near the tip behaving the opposite way. Local changes were in the order of up to 40% compared to measurements without the magnetic field present. Bending of the central electrode was observed for the chamber with the steel electrode. The size of the volume of reduced collection near the guard electrode was impacted by the magnetic field.As the here investigated beam and field parameters differ from those of clinical systems, quantitatively different results would be expected for the latter. However, the gyroradii encountered here were similar to those of a 6–7 MV MRI linac with a 1.5 T magnet.ConclusionsMagnetic fields impact the performance of ionization chambers also on a local level. For practical measurements this might mean a change in the effective point of measurement, in addition to any global corrections. Further knowledge about the local response will help in selecting or constructing optimized chambers for use in magnetic fields.
Reconstruction of a high‐quality volumetric image and a respiratory motion model from patient CBCT projections
Authors: Guo Minghao , Chee Geraldine , O’Connell Dylan , Dhou Salam , Fu Jie , Singhrao Kamal , Ionascu Dan , Ruan Dan , Lee Percy , Low Daniel A. , Zhao Jun , Lewis John H. 
Published: May 2019

PurposeTo develop and evaluate a method of reconstructing a patient‐ and treatment day‐ specific volumetric image and motion model from free‐breathing cone‐beam projections and respiratory surrogate measurements. This Motion‐Compensated Simultaneous Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (MC‐SART) generates and uses a motion model derived directly from the cone‐beam projections, without requiring prior motion measurements from 4DCT, and can compensate for both inter‐ and intrabin deformations. The motion model can be used to generate images at arbitrary breathing points, which can be used for estimating volumetric images during treatment delivery.MethodsThe MC‐SART was formulated using simultaneous image reconstruction and motion model estimation. For image reconstruction, projections were first binned according to external surrogate measurements. Projections in each bin were used to reconstruct a set of volumetric images using MC‐SART. The motion model was estimated based on deformable image registration between the reconstructed bins, and least squares fitting to model parameters. The model was used to compensate for motion in both projection and backprojection operations in the subsequent image reconstruction iterations. These updated images were then used to update the motion model, and the two steps were alternated between. The final output is a volumetric reference image and a motion model that can be used to generate images at any other time point from surrogate measurements.ResultsA retrospective patient dataset consisting of eight lung cancer patients was used to evaluate the method. The absolute intensity differences in the lung regions compared to ground truth were 50.8 ± 43.9 HU in peak exhale phases (reference) and 80.8 ± 74.0 in peak inhale phases (generated). The 50th percentile of voxel registration error of all voxels in the lung regions with >5 mm amplitude was 1.3 mm. The MC‐SART was also applied to measured patient cone‐beam projections acquired with a linac‐mounted CBCT system. Results from this patient data demonstrate the feasibility of MC‐SART and showed qualitative image quality improvements compared to other state‐of‐the‐art algorithms.ConclusionWe have developed a simultaneous image reconstruction and motion model estimation method that uses Cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) projections and respiratory surrogate measurements to reconstruct a high‐quality reference image and motion model of a patient in treatment position. The method provided superior performance in both HU accuracy and positional accuracy compared to other existing methods. The resultant reference image and motion model can be combined with respiratory surrogate measurements to generate volumetric images representing patient anatomy at arbitrary time points.
Detecting anomalies in diaphragm walls with electrical resistance measurements
Authors: Spruit Rodriaan , Van Tol Frits , Broere Wout , Slob Evert 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTQuality control of diaphragm walls prior to excavation is often difficult. One technique that can be used to detect anomalies in diaphragm walls involves electrical resistance. Electrical resistance measurements across a diaphragm wall can (within a strict framework) be used to verify the presence of leaks in diaphragm walls as a supplement to crosshole sonic logging. From measurements around a test wall conducted in this study, it is concluded that the detectability of anomalies with electrical resistance decreases exponentially with the increasing distance between the measurement electrodes and the wall. Electrical resistance setups with two and four electrodes have been compared. For usable results, a four‐electrode setup must be used in which the potential electrodes need to be placed very close to the wall (less than 0.2 m away). Based upon the test experience, a field setup for verification of a building pit consisting of diaphragm walls is suggested, as well as a setup for determining the quality of the concrete covering the rebar in quay walls constructed with diaphragm walls.
gem‐Diethyl Pyrroline Nitroxide Spin Labels: Synthesis, EPR Characterization, Rotamer Libraries and Biocompatibility
Authors: Bleicken Stephanie , Assafa Tufa E. , Zhang Hui , Elsner Christina , Ritsch Irina , Pink Maren , Rajca Suchada , Jeschke Gunnar , Rajca Andrzej , Bordignon Enrica 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe availability of bioresistant spin labels is crucial for the optimization of site‐directed spin labeling protocols for EPR structural studies of biomolecules in a cellular context. As labeling can affect proteins’ fold and/or function, having the possibility to choose between different spin labels will increase the probability to produce spin‐labeled functional proteins. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of iodoacetamide‐ and maleimide‐functionalized spin labels based on the gem‐diethyl pyrroline structure. The two nitroxide labels are compared to conventional gem‐dimethyl analogs by site‐directed spin labeling (SDSL) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, using two water soluble proteins: T4 lysozyme and Bid. To foster their use for structural studies, we also present rotamer libraries for these labels, compatible with the MMM software. Finally, we investigate the “true” biocompatibility of the gem‐diethyl probes comparing the resistance towards chemical reduction of the NO group in ascorbate solutions and E. coli cytosol at different spin concentrations.
Electrochemical Synthesis of Fluorinated Orthoesters from 1,3‐Benzodioxoles
Authors: Röckl Johannes L. , Hauck Adrian V. , Schollmeyer Dieter , Waldvogel Siegfried R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA scalable, dehydrogenative, and electrochemical synthesis of novel highly fluorinated orthoesters is reported. This protocol provides easy and direct access to a wide variety of derivatives, using a very simple electrolysis setup. These compounds are surprisingly robust towards base and acid with an unusual high lipophilicity, making them interesting motifs for potentially active compounds in medicinal chemistry or agro applications. The use of electricity enables a safe and environmentally benign chemical transformation as only electrons serve as oxidants.