bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Center for Health Outcomes in Medicine Scholarship and Service (HOMES): Fostering and Supporting Physician-Initiated Research
Authors: Bose-Brill Seuli , Riley Sean R. , Fried Martin , Childerhose Janet E. , Hanks Christopher , Moss Karen O. , Miles Laura , Xu Wendy , Schnell Patrick M. , Hyer J. Madison , Fernandez Soledad , Retchin Sheldon , Jonas Daniel E. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Problem

The U.S. physician scholar workforce, currently comprising less than 1.5% of U.S. physicians, continues to decrease, threatening national status as a global biomedical research leader. Academic medical center (AMC) trends away from tenure-track physician faculty appointments toward clinical faculty appointments have contributed to this decrease, but AMCs have limited strategies to equip clinical faculty to conduct research. Infrastructure fostering clinical faculty research may establish new mechanisms for expanding physician scholar workforce and supporting academic goals of clinical faculty. This article presents one such model, the Center for Health Outcomes in Medicine Scholarship and Service (HOMES), from the Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine.

Approach

Established in 2019, HOMES provides research infrastructure, support, and mentorship tailored to clinical faculty needs. Multidisciplinary core faculty support research across 5 cores: clinical networks, biostatistics and secondary data, qualitative methods, mixed methods, and research ethics. HOMES services include research consultation, mentorship, microgrants, a training toolkit, and symposia.

Outcomes

In 4 years, HOMES supported 50 faculty on 99 projects. Forty-five (90%) of these faculty have reported scholarly output, including 127 national presentations, authorship on 41 peer-reviewed articles, and 53 grant submissions. Forty HOMES-supported grant submissions have received funding, and 4 HOMES-supported physicians in training have pursued or plan to pursue AMC research careers.

Next Steps

HOMES has fostered scholarly productivity among AMC physicians, competitive grant applications, and research focus among physicians in training. As demand for HOMES services increases, HOMES will prioritize projects based on their innovation and research skill development potential. Academic medical centers can apply HOMES lessons through fostering clinical faculty collaboration with multidisciplinary research teams and increasing research training opportunities for residents and fellows. National expansion of funding opportunities dedicated to building biomedical research capacity and expertise among clinical faculty can facilitate sustainable scaling of HOMES-like models.
Effect of smoking on meibomian gland among Nepalese population
Authors: Koirala Bipin , Chandan Aayush , Mahat Manoj , Mishra Sanjeeb , Bhattarai Sanjeev , Gyawali Parash , Sitaula Sanjeeta 
Published: November 2024

Purpose of study:
To investigate the effects of cigarette smoking on meibomian gland and tear function test.

Methods:
It was a hospital-based cross-sectional study, which enrolled examined 30 subjects with a smoking history of at least 1 year (study group) alongside 25 healthy non-smokers (control group). Each participant’s symptoms were assessed using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire. A comprehensive ophthalmological evaluation followed, which included the non-invasive tear breakup time (NITBUT) and Schirmer test (with anesthesia). Additionally, we conducted a detailed analysis of the meibomian glands in both the upper and lower eyelids using meibography, employing the advanced Sirius anterior segment analysis system.

Results:
Participants in the study group averaged a smoking history of 6.94 ± 6.73 pack years. The mean OSDI score was 36.45 ± 10.60 in the study group, compared to 31.41 ± 8.12 in the control group (P = 0.05). For the NITBUT and Schirmer test, the study group recorded values of 9.54 ± 5.89 seconds and 14.77 ± 9.39 mm, respectively, while the control group showed 9.95 ± 6.15 seconds and 19.08 ± 7.08 mm (P = 0.85 and P = 0.03, respectively). Upper lid meibography revealed a 55.40 ± 10.10% gland loss in the study group, significantly higher than the 46.33 ± 14.70% observed in the control group (P = 0.01). However, no statistically significant difference was found in lower lid meibomian gland loss between the groups, with the study group at 54.08 ± 9.71% and the control group at 51.41 ± 17.24% (P = 0.49).

Conclusion:
Smoking results in meibomian gland damage which may be a risk factor for dry eye. In cases of ocular surface disorders related to chronic smoking, meibomian gland damage should be taken into consideration.
Sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2) depletion alters redox metabolism and enhances inflammation in a diet-induced MASH mouse model
Authors: Jackson Kaitlyn G. , Zhao Derrick , Su Lianyong , Lipp Marissa K. , Toler Cameron , Idowu Michael , Yan Qianhua , Wang Xuan , Gurley Emily , Wu Nan , Puri Puneet , Chen Qun , Lesnefsky Edward J. , Dupree Jeffrey L. , Hylemon Phillip B. , Zhou Huiping 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid molecule that modulates inflammation and hepatic lipid metabolism in MASLD, which affects 1 in 3 people and increases the risk of liver fibrosis and hepatic cancer. S1P can be generated by 2 isoforms of sphingosine kinase (SphK). SphK1 is well-studied in metabolic diseases. In contrast, SphK2 function is not well characterized. Both sphingolipid and redox metabolism dysregulation contribute to MASLD pathologic progression. While SphK2 localizes to both the nucleus and mitochondria, its specific role in early MASH is not well defined.

Methods:
This study examined SphK2 depletion effects on hepatic redox metabolism, mitochondrial function, and inflammation in a 16-week western diet plus sugar water (WDSW)-induced mouse model of early MASH.

Results:
WDSW-SphK2

−/−
mice exhibit increased hepatic lipid accumulation and hepatic redox dysregulation. In addition, mitochondria-localized cholesterol and S1P precursors were increased. We traced SphK2

−/−
-mediated mitochondrial electron transport chain impairment to respiratory complex-IV and found that decreased mitochondrial redox metabolism coincided with increased oxidase gene expression and oxylipin production. Consistent with this relationship, we observed pronounced increases in hepatic inflammatory gene expression, prostaglandin accumulation, and innate immune homing in WDSW-SphK2

−/−
mice compared to WDSW-wild-type mice.

Conclusions:
These studies suggest SphK2-derived S1P maintains hepatic redox metabolism and describe the potential consequences of SphK2 depletion on proinflammatory gene expression, lipid mediator production, and immune infiltration in MASH progression.
The Impact of Leadership Training on Burnout and Fulfillment Among Direct Reports
Authors: Briggs Selena E. , Heman-Ackah Sabrina M. , Hamilton Felicia 
Published: November 2024

SUMMARY

Goal
Burnout, decreased professional fulfillment, and resultant attrition across the medical professions are increasingly recognized as threats to sustainable and cost-effective healthcare delivery. While the skill level of leaders as perceived by their direct reports has been correlated with rates of burnout and fulfillment, no studies, to our knowledge, have directly evaluated whether intervention via leadership training impacts burnout and fulfillment among direct reports. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a leadership training intervention on direct reports’ perceptions of the leadership skills of supervising residents and subsequently on the well-being of the direct reports.

Methods
We implemented a leadership training program with supervising (i.e., chief) resident volunteers in two surgical residency programs. The leadership training included two sessions of approximately 2 hours each that consisted of interactive didactic and small group activities. The training focused on the following themes: defining leadership (i.e.,characteristics and behaviors), team building, fostering trust, managing conflict, navigating difficult conversations, and feedback. We administered pretraining and posttraining surveys to the direct reports (i.e., junior residents) to assess the perceived leadership skills of supervising residents, as well as burnout and professional fulfillment.

Principal Findings
Leadership scores significantly improved following the leadership training intervention. Additionally, improvement in leadership scores following training was positively correlated with professional fulfillment among the junior residents (direct reports).

Practical Applications
The results of this study suggest that incorporating leadership training into residency programs may serve as an appropriate initial intervention to improve the leadership skills of supervising residents, and in turn, improve professional fulfillment and retention among medical professionals. This intervention involved minimal cost and time investment, with potentially significant returns in combating the well-being and attrition crisis. These findings may be applicable across the healthcare field to tackle the impending healthcare worker crisis.
Returning to work after childbirth and women’s mental health: the place of work-family conflict and of social supports in a population of working mothers in Paris area
Authors: Radauceanu Anca , Grzebyk Michel , Demange Valérie , Dziurla Mathieu , Lafon Dominique , Goujon Emmanuelle , Ralison Fara , Gros Anne-Christine , Huygue Laurence , Pradeau Peggy , Breton Christine , Boini Stéphanie 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective
Analyzing in a cross-sectional study the factors associated with mental health in 1511 recently delivered women returning to work, the mediating role of work-family interface and the moderating role of social supports.

Methods
Data were collected at 3 months after returning to work to assess work characteristics (COPSOQ), work-family conflict (SWING), anxiodepressive symptoms (HADS), commuting, childcare, household demands, social supports.

Results
Anxiety and to lesser extent depressive symptoms were associated with work factors, the opposite for the non work demands. The mediation by work-family conflict and the moderation of social supports were present especially for anxiety symptoms. Taking into account the parental constraints by the hierarchy, family/friends support and paid personnel reduced anxiodepressive symptoms.

Conclusions
Promoting mental health at returning to work of new mothers needs the assessment of total workload and resources.
Clinical and demographic characteristics of frontal fibrosing alopecia in a dermatology referral center in Bogota, Colombia: a descriptive cross-sectional study
Authors: Gallego-Vidales Leydi Y. , Palacios-Ariza María A. , Macías-Arias Paola A. , Morales-Cardona Camilo A. 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is a type of scarring alopecia that is characterized by a symmetrical recession of the frontal/temporal hairline. Despite growing interest in this pathology, there is scarce data on its epidemiology in Latin American countries such as Colombia.

Objective:
To estimate the frequency and describe the clinical manifestations and factors associated with FFA.

Methods:
This descriptive cross-sectional study reviewed the electronic health records of adult patients diagnosed with FFA at a referral center in the city of Bogota, Colombia, between 2018 and 2021.

Results:
Of the 1506 patients diagnosed with scarring alopecia, 213 fully met the selection criteria (14.14%). Patients had a median age at diagnosis of 60 years (Q1–Q3: 49–67 years) and were more frequently female (95.31%). Concurrent eyebrow alopecia was the most frequent clinical presentation (56.34%). Perifollicular desquamation was present in 114 patients (53.52%), perifollicular erythema in 56 (26.29%), and both features simultaneously in 35 (16.43%). Sunscreen use was reported by 116 (54.46%) and facial moisturizers by 38 (17.84%), both of which have been reported as risk factors.

Limitations:
The small sample size and the lack of racial and geographical diversity in the subjects.

Conclusion:
This study provides baseline epidemiological data in a Colombian sample. Sex, location of alopecia, and symptoms were consistent with those reported in the literature, but age at presentation, tobacco use, use of wigs, and dyes differed from those reported in other countries.
Initiation of home noninvasive ventilation in hypercapnic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: when, where, and how?
Authors: Fortis Spyridon , Sarmiento Kathleen F. 
Published: November 2024

Purpose of review
This review aims to highlight the importance of timely initiation of home noninvasive ventilation (homeNIV) for patients with chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure (CHRF) due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). As emerging evidence continues to show substantial benefits in reducing mortality and hospitalizations, it's crucial to identify which patients will benefit most and to provide clear guidance on implementing homeNIV effectively.

Recent findings
Recent research supports the use of high intensity homeNIV for CHRF secondary to COPD, showing marked reductions in hospitalizations and mortality. However, despite its proven benefits, homeNIV is underutilized, often due to significant barriers related to payor policies and gaps in knowledge by those most likely to be evaluating and managing patients with advanced COPD. The literature also reveals ongoing debate about the optimal timing and setting for starting homeNIV, whether in outpatient clinics or directly after hospital discharge.

Summary
The evidence suggests that homeNIV should be more widely used, with a focus on early initiation and careful titration to normalize PaCO2 over time. By addressing the barriers to its broader use, we can improve outcomes for patients with CHRF due to COPD.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and Legionella co-infection in a child with sleep disorder: a case report
Authors: Dashtbin Shirin , Jalalifar Saba , Bayazian Gholamreza , Irajian Gholamreza , Nateghian Alireza 
Published: November 2024

Background:
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has plagued worldwide. Although it is known that in some cases, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a high mortality rate, but the simultaneous bacterial infection can increase the severity of the disease and the risk of death, and on the other hand, it is difficult to diagnose bacterial co-infections with COVID-19.

Case presentation:
We report a case of COVID-19 with Legionella co-infection manifesting with pneumonia and sleep disorder for the first time. The case highlights the importance of differential diagnosis during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusion:
Due to the abundant presence of opportunistic bacteria, the source of simultaneous Legionella infection cannot be identified, therefore, more prevention and control should be considered.
Molecular detection of blaTEM, blaCTX-M and blaSHV genes in ESβL harboring uropthogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) isolated from UTIs in Baghdad, Iraq
Authors: Hussein Nadheema Hammood 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Recently, extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESβL) genes including blaTEM, blaCTX-M and blaSHV genes have shown rapid spread among Enterobacteriaceae and they become the most prevalent genes in many parts of the world.

Methods:
This study is aimed to detect ESβL producers among Escherichia coli isolates from urine specimens. Sixty-six uopathogenic E. coli (UPEC) strains were isolated at the National Center for Teaching Laboratories of Medical City in Baghdad. The phenotypic detection of ESβL was achieved by Vitek-2 system with AST-N204 card and the results revealed that among the 66 uropathogenic E. coli strains, 48 (72.7%) were ESβL producing and 18 (27.3%) were ESβL non-producing (significant difference at P < 0.05).

Results:
The presence of genes encoding TEM, CTX-M and SHV was tested by all ESβL producing uropathogenic E. coli phenotypically by conventional PCR. The result showed that blaTEM, blaCTX-M and blaSHV genes were 46 (95.83%), 42 (87.5%) and 39 (81.25%), respectively. In addition, the data showed the coexistence of blaTEM, blaCTX-M and blaSHV genes in 44 out of 48 strains (91.67%) while only 4 (8.33%) of UPEC strains harbored a single ESβL gene (significant difference at P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
This study showed that blaTEM was the widespread gene in ESβLs-producing uropathogenic E. coli strains in Baghdad/Iraq and there was a high percentage of blaTEM, blaCTX-M and blaSHV genes distribution among local strains under study and this may attribute to the indiscriminate use of antibiotics. Phylogenetic analyses based on the sequences of blaTEM, blaCTX-M and blaSHV genes were done with closely related blaTEM, blaCTX-M and blaSHV genes in the GenBank by using MEGA6 software.
Identification of norA, qacAB and smr genes and determination of antibiotic and biocide resistance patterns in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Isfahan-Iran
Authors: Jafari Kondori Nafise , Mansury Davood 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major cause of nosocomial infections, which have become a serious problem due to antibiotic resistance. In addition to antibiotic resistance, biocide resistance is also increasing due to the high use of these substances. The aim of this study was to investigate the pattern of antibiotic resistance and the prevalence of biocide resistance genes norA, qacA/B and smr, and to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of chlorhexidine digluconate (CHG) and benzalkonium chloride (BKC) in MRSA isolates taken from teaching hospitals in Isfahan city, Iran.

Materials and Methods:
This study was conducted on 63 MRSA isolates collected from teaching hospitals in Isfahan city, Iran. MRSA isolates were identified by performing phenotypic testing and then confirmed by using PCR. The resistance pattern was determined by using disc diffusion method. Broth microdilution method was performed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CHG and BKC according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The presence of biocide resistance genes was determined by using PCR and the Time kill assay was performed to investigate the lethality of biocides.

Results:
MRSA isolates had MIC values of 0.5–4 μg/ml for BKC and 0.125–4 μg/ml for CHG. norA was the most common biocide resistance gene among 63 isolates (88.9%), followed by qacAB and smr with 28.6% and 22.2%, respectively. Among the isolates, the highest percentage of resistance belonged to penicillin, erythromycin and doxycycline, respectively.

Conclusion:
Due to the high prevalence of MRSA isolates in hospitals and the role of this pathogen in nosocomial infections, continuous monitoring of antimicrobial resistance for appropriate antibiotic administration and continuous evaluation of biocide resistance due to the high prevalence of resistance genes and appropriate use of biocides for disinfection, allows us to minimize further prevalence of resistant strains in hospital environments.
Molecular identification of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus from un-stimulated saliva and their association with dental caries and orthodontic appliances
Authors: Mohammed Rabab S. , Dhahi Maysaa A. , Khelkal Intesar N. 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Oral streptococci, particularly Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), have been associated with several diseases affecting multiple anatomical sites. Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus (S. sobrinus), which belong to the Mutans streptococci group, are examples of Gram-positive bacteria that demonstrate facultative anaerobic growth characteristics. These bacteria are frequently seen as members of the native oral microbiota and are largely recognized as the primary causative agents of dental caries.

Objective:
To molecularly identify S. mutans and S. sobrinus using PCR and investigate their relationship with the caries status and orthodontia appliances.

Method:
The cross-sectional study, which was conducted in Baghdad from February 2021 to November 2022, involved 359 un-stimulated saliva samples from 340 participants were collected and processed immediately by culturing anaerobically (37°C/72 h) on Mitis Salivarius Bacitracin Agar (MSB-Agar). Morphological characteristics of the colonies, Gram stain were achieved for the bacterial growth. DNA extracted from cultured bacteria. S. mutans and S. sobrinus were identified molecularly by amplifying gtfB and gtfI, respectively, from DNA samples using conventional PCR.

Results:
From 279/ 336 (83.04%) bacterial DNA samples, 118/279 (42.29%) were positive for S. mutans gtfB and/or S. sobrinus gtfI; S. mutans 84/118 (71.2%), S. sobrinus 6/118 (5.1%) and mixed S. mutans/S. sobrinus 28/118 (23.7%). The results of association between molecular identification of S. mutans with dental caries and missing teeth features of individuals were statically not significant (0.068 and 0.323 > 0.05, respectively), while was significant with filling teeth and orthodontic appliance (0.020, 0.027 < 0.05, respectively). The relationship between molecular identification of S. sobrinus and dental caries, missing, filling teeth and orthodontic were statistically not significant (0.069, 0.975, 0.845 and 0.458 > 0.05), respectively. The relationship between molecular identification of mixed S. mutans/S. sobrinus with dental caries was statically significant (0.042 < 0.05).

Conclusion:

S. mutans was more prevalence; identification and discrimination for S. mutans/S. sobrinus (depending on gtfB and gtfI) by PCR was more efficacy. Mixed S. mutans/S. sobrinus in a reasonable percentage were related with the hard dental caries status. Identification by colony morphology alone was not achievable in this study. Mitis Salivarius agar with Bacitracin (MSB) is extremely selective for S. mutans and S. sobrinus but cannot distinguish them morphologically.