bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coverage versus generosity: Comparing eligibility and need assessment in six cash‐for‐care programmes
Authors: Ranci Costanzo , Österle August , Arlotti Marco , Parma Andrea 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates the potential trade‐offs between extension of coverage and adequate generosity in cash‐for‐care (CfC) programmes in six European countries (Austria, Germany, France, Great Britain, Italy, and Spain), which are characterised by different configurations of CfC programmes. Building on an empirical analysis of the eligibility rules, of the regulation applied to classify beneficiaries according to their level of dependency, and the ways CfC benefits are distributed among them, it becomes clear that these programmes differ substantially in terms of coverage and generosity. Such differences reflect the variety of ways by which universalism, selectivity, and adequacy are built up together throughout Europe.
A dynamic analysis of the impacts of export taxes: The case of Argentinean soy and beef markets
Authors: Devadoss Stephen , Luckstead Jeff , Ridley William 
Published: April 2019

AbstractArgentina plays an important role in the global soy market as one of the world's leading exporters of soy products. In an effort to shift its agricultural sector's focus to value‐added exports and to raise revenue, Argentina's government has maintained a regime of differential export taxes on soy products. In addition to soy products, Argentina is a major producer, consumer and exporter of beef. However, over the last decade it has relinquished much of its world market share as its beef exports have fallen because the government has periodically imposed a ban on exports of beef along with maintaining an export tax. As the soy and livestock sectors are inextricably linked, owing to both industries’ intensive land use and the utilisation of soymeal as a feed supplement for cattle, trade policies in one sector have pronounced cross‐sectoral impacts. This study develops a theoretical model of these different sectors and trade policies, incorporating the dynamic decisions of cattle stock management. The model is calibrated to real‐world data on the Argentinean economy, and the impacts of trade liberalisation are quantified. Key results show modelling the various intersectoral linkages and the dynamic implications of cattle stock is essential for obtaining accurate estimates.
Optimization of alum recovery from water treatment sludge‐case study: Samannoud water treatment plant, Egypt
Authors: Ramadan Hassan , El Sayed Abd El Aziz 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAlum recovery from water treatment sludge is a promising technique applied for reducing the virgin coagulant demand and the sludge volume and safe disposal of the sludge. The aim of the current study is to optimize alum recovery process from alum sludge in Samannoud water treatment plant, Egypt by acidification technique using sulphuric acid and evaluate the effect of total solids (TS) content in the sludge on alum recovery process. Results showed that the optimal mixing time for alum recovery was 60 min for clariflocculator sludge, whereas 15 min for thickener sludge. Optimum pH value was 1.50 for alum recovery from different sludge types. At optimum conditions, acidification experiments showed that alum recovery percent and sludge volume reduction for clariflocculator sludge were 83 and 91.2%, respectively, versus 35.9 and 45%, respectively, for thickener sludge. Besides, alum recovery and sludge reduction decreased with the increase in TS content in the sludge.
Investigating the Effects of Cyclic Thermo-Mechanical Loading on Cyclic Plastic Behavior of a Ninety-Degree Back-to-Back Pipe Bend System
Authors: Cho Nak-Kyun , Chen Haofeng , Mackenzie Donald , Giugliano Dario 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Pipe bends are generally employed for routing piping systems by connecting to straight pipes but back-to-back pipe bends are often necessary for confined space applications. In order to achieve safe operation under complex loading, it requires a thorough pipeline integrity assessment to be commenced. This paper investigates the effects of cyclic thermo-mechanical loading on cyclic plastic behavior of a 90-deg back-to-back pipe bend system, including temperature-dependent yield stress effects. Structural response interaction boundaries are determined for various different combinations of cyclic and steady loading. Constructed structural responses are verified by full cyclic incremental, step-by-step, finite element analysis. The numerical studies provide a comprehensive description of the cyclic plastic behavior of the pipe bends, and semi-empirical equations for predicting the elastic shakedown limit boundary are developed to aid pipeline designers in the effective assessment of the integrity of the pipe bends without a requirement for complex finite element analysis.
Impacts of the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) on infant mortality: a quasi-experimental study in the USA, 2003–2014
Authors: Lee Jaeseok , Park Taehwan 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesThe Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) is the first mandatory market-based regulatory programme to limit regional carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the USA. Empirical evidence has shown that high concentrations of ambient air pollutants such as CO2have been positively associated with an increased risk of morbidity (eg, respiratory conditions including asthma and lung cancer) and premature mortality. The purpose of this study was to examine the impacts of RGGI on death rates in infancy.DesignA quasi-experimental difference-in-differences design.Setting and participantsWe estimated the impacts of RGGI on infant mortality from 2003 through 2014 in the USA (6 years before and after RGGI implementation). Our analytic models included state- and year-fixed effects in addition to a number of covariates.Outcome measuresDeath rates in infancy: neonatal mortality rates (NMRs), deaths under 28 days as well as infant mortality rates (IMRs), deaths under 1 year.ResultsImplementation of RGGI was associated with significant decreases in overall NMRs (a reduction of 0.41/1000 live births) and male NMRs (a reduction of 0.43/1000 live births). However, RGGI did not have a significant effect on female NMRs. Similarly, overall IMRs and male IMRs decreased significantly by 0.37/1000 live births and 0.61/1000 live births, respectively, after implementation of RGGI while female IMRs were not significantly affected by RGGI.ConclusionsRGGI was associated with decreases in overall infant mortality and boy mortality through reducing air pollutant concentrations. Of note, the impact of this environmental policy on infant girls was much smaller.
Implementation of patient-centred care: which organisational determinants matter from decision maker’s perspective? Results from a qualitative interview study across various health and social care organisations
Authors: Hower Kira Isabel , Vennedey Vera , Hillen Hendrik Ansgar , Kuntz Ludwig , Stock Stephanie , Pfaff Holger , Ansmann Lena 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesHealth and social care systems, organisations and providers are under pressure to organise care around patients’ needs with constrained resources. To implement patient-centred care (PCC) successfully, barriers must be addressed. Up to now, there has been a lack of comprehensive investigations on possible determinants of PCC across various health and social care organisations (HSCOs). Our qualitative study examines determinants of PCC implementation from decision makers’ perspectives across diverse HSCOs.DesignQualitative study of n=24 participants in n=20 semistructured face-to-face interviews conducted from August 2017 to May 2018.Setting and participantsDecision makers were recruited from multiple HSCOs in the region of the city of Cologne, Germany, based on a maximum variation sampling strategy varying by HSCOs types.OutcomesThe qualitative interviews were analysed using an inductive and deductive approach according to qualitative content analysis. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research was used to conceptualise determinants of PCC.ResultsDecision makers identified similar determinants facilitating or obstructing the implementation of PCC in their organisational contexts. Several determinants at the HSCO’s inner setting and the individual level (eg, communication among staff and well-being of employees) were identified as crucial to overcome constrained financial, human and material resources in order to deliver PCC.ConclusionsThe results can help to foster the implementation of PCC in various HSCOs contexts. We identified possible starting points for initiating the tailoring of interventions and implementation strategies and the redesign of HSCOs towards more patient-centredness.Trial registration numberDRKS00011925.
Disagreements in risk of bias assessment for randomised controlled trials included in more than one Cochrane systematic reviews: a research on research study using cross-sectional design
Authors: Bertizzolo Lorenzo , Bossuyt Patrick , Atal Ignacio , Ravaud Philippe , Dechartres Agnes 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesAssess the frequency and reasons for disagreements in risk of bias assessments for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) included in more than one Cochrane review.DesignResearch on research study, using cross-sectional design.Data sources2796 Cochrane reviews published between March 2011 and September 2014.Data selectionRCTs included in more than one review.Data extractionRisk of bias assessment and support for judgement for five key risk of bias items.Data synthesisFor each item, we compared risk of bias assessment made in each review and calculated proportion of agreement. Two reviewers independently analysed 50% of all disagreements by comparing support for each judgement with information from study report to evaluate whether disagreements were related to a difference in information (eg, contact the study author) or a difference in interpretation (same support for judgement but different interpretation). They also identified main reasons for different interpretation.Results1604 RCTs were included in more than one review. Proportion of agreement ranged from 57% (770/1348 trials) for incomplete outcome data to 81% for random sequence generation (1193/1466). Most common source of disagreement was difference in interpretation of the same information, ranging from 65% (88/136) for random sequence generation to 90% (56/62) for blinding of participants and personnel. Access to different information explained 32/136 (24%) disagreements for random sequence generation and 38/205 (19%) for allocation concealment. Disagreements related to difference in interpretation were frequently related to incomplete or unclear reporting in the study report (83% of disagreements related to different interpretation for random sequence generation).ConclusionsRisk of bias judgements of RCTs included in more than one Cochrane review differed substantially. Most disagreements were related to a difference in interpretation of an incomplete or unclear description in the study report. A clearer guidance on common causes of incomplete information may improve agreement.
Effects of intraocular lens glistenings on visual function: a prospective study and presentation of a new glistenings grading methodology
Authors: Stanojcic Nick , O’Brart David P S , Maycock Nick , Hull Chistopher C 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of intraocular lens (IOL) glistenings on visual performance and evaluate a new glistenings grading methodology.Methods and AnalysisThirty-four patients (34 eyes) were recruited. Corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), mesopic gap acuity (MGA), functional contrast sensitivity (FCS) and forward light scatter were measured (Advanced Vision and Optometric Tests, City Occupational, London, UK). The IOL centre was imaged and glistenings density graded by three observers using the Miyata scale and a new system. Inter-rater reliability, association between the two grading scales, and correlations between glistenings grades and visual performance parameters were evaluated.ResultsThe intraclass correlation coefficient between graders for the new grading system was 0.769 (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.636 to 0.868). There was a significant association between the Miyata scale and the new grading system for all graders (rs=0.533–0.895, p≤0.001). There was no association between CDVA or MGA and glistenings grade (rs=− 0.098, p=0.583 and rs=0.171, p=0.359, respectively). There was no association between FCS at mesopic light levels and glistenings grade (rs=−0.032, p=0.864), or the straylight parameter and glistenings grade (rs=0.021, p=0.916). No association was found between the integrated straylight parameter and glistenings grade (rs=0.078, p=0.701).ConclusionThe new glistenings grading scale was highly reproducible. In this cohort, glistenings in the same hydrophobic acrylic IOL after cataract surgery were not associated with changes in visual function, as assessed by a series of tests not previously used in glistenings research.
Intravitreal methotrexate for the treatment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy
Authors: Benner Jeffrey David , Dao David , Butler John W , Hamill Kelli I 
Published: April 2019

Background/aimsPreventing and treating proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) remain a serious challenge for vitreoretinal surgeons. PVR is a devastating complication of retinal detachment that results in recurrent detachment and limits visual recovery. At present, there is no effective treatment for PVR.Materials and methodsA retrospective review was performed on a cohort of five consecutive eyes with severe PVR and recurrent retinal detachment that were treated with relaxing retinectomy, extended perfluorocarbon liquid tamponade (4–5 weeks) and a series of intravitreal methotrexate (MTX) injections (100–200 µg/0.05 mL for 10 weeks).ResultsAll five patients remained reattached (100%) with 11–27 months of follow-up (mean = 17.4). 4 eyes recovered ambulatory vision (>20/200) with normal intraocular pressure and non-fibrotic laser scars along with the relaxing retinectomy. The initial patient remained reattached, but only had hand motions vision. The only adverse effect noted was mild superficial punctate keratopathy in one patient.ConclusionThis small, retrospective study suggests that a series of MTX injections may be beneficial for treating complex retinal detachment caused by PVR. Further study is indicated.
Assessing the quality of health care in the management of bronchiolitis in Australian children: a population-based sample survey
Authors: Homaira Nusrat , Wiles Louise K , Gardner Claire , Molloy Charlotte J , Arnolda Gaston , Ting Hsuen P , Hibbert Peter Damian , Braithwaite Jeffrey , Jaffe Adam 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundBronchiolitis is the most common cause of respiratory hospitalisation in children aged <2 years. Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) suggest only supportive management of bronchiolitis. However, the availability of CPGs do not guarantee that they are used appropriately and marked variation in the clinical management exists. We conducted an assessment of guideline adherence in the management of bronchiolitis in children at a subnationally representative level including inpatient and ambulatory services in Australia.MethodsWe searched for national and international CPGs relating to management of bronchiolitis in children and identified 16 recommendations which were formatted into 40 medical record audit indicator questions. A retrospective medical record review assessing compliance with the CPGs was conducted across three types of healthcare setting: hospital inpatient admissions, emergency department (ED) presentations and general practice (GP) consultations in three Australian states for children aged <2 years receiving care in 2012 and 2013.ResultsPurpose-trained surveyors conducted 13 979 eligible indicator assessments across 796 visits for bronchiolitis at 119 sites. Guideline adherence for management of bronchiolitis was 77.3% (95% CI 72.6 to 81.5) for children attending EDs, 81.6% (95% CI 78.0 to 84.9) for inpatients and 52.3% (95% CI 44.8 to 59.7) for children attending GP consultations. While adherence to some individual indicators was high, overall adherence to documentation of 10 indicators relating to history taking and examination was poorest and estimated at 2.7% (95% CI 1.5 to 4.4).ConclusionsThe study is the first to assess guideline-adherence in both hospital (ED and inpatient) and GP settings. Our study demonstrated that while the quality of care for bronchiolitis was generally adherent to CPG indicators, specific aspects of management were deficient, especially documentation of history taking.
Impact of Emergency Medicine Consultants and Clinical Advisors on a NHS 111 Clinical Assessment Service
Authors: Sen Basav , Clay Henry , Wright John , Findlay Stewart , Cratchley Andrew 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveTo compare outcome of clinical advice given by emergency physicians (EPs) versus non-physician clinical advisors (NPCAs) on a UK National Health Service 111 centre.MethodThis was a prospective study conducted between July 2016 and February 2017. We targeted calls in which call handlers using standard NHS 111 clinical decision support software would have advised the caller to attend a hospital ED. These calls were passed to a clinical assessment service (CAS) and reviewed by either an EP (July to November 2016) or an NPCA (December 2016 to February 2017).ResultsDuring the preintervention year, 80.2% of callers were advised to attend the ED within 1 or 4 hours, 1.2% were referred to out of hours (OOH) primary care and 0.3% to self-care. During the study, call handlers designated 2606 calls as needing to attend the ED in 1 or 4 hours and passed these on to the clinical advisors. There was a reduction of 75%–81% in cases advised to attend the ED in both intervention groups; EPs advised 396 of 1558 callers (25.4%) to attend ED; NPCAs advised 194 of 1048 callers (18.5%) to attend ED. For calls not requiring the ED, EPs recommended self/home care management in 38.1% of these calls, NPCAs recommended self-care for 15.7% (difference=22.4%; 95% CI 19.0% to 25.7%). EPs recommended 4.5% to attend OOH primary care, while NPCAs recommended OOH primary care for 42.1% (difference=37.6%, 95% CI 34.3% to 40.8%).ConclusionsA CAS within NHS 111 using clinicians decreases referrals to the ED. EPs use fewer services and resources. Further work needs to be undertaken to determine the workforce skill mix for an NHS 111 CAS.
Treatment of complex airway stenoses using patient-specific 3D-engineered stents: a proof-of-concept study
Authors: Guibert Nicolas , Didier Alain , Moreno Benjamin , Lepage Benoit , Leyx Pierre , Plat Gavin , Mhanna Laurent , Murris Marlene , Mazières Julien , Hermant Christophe 
Published: April 2019

Anatomically complex airway stenosis (ACAS) represents a challenging situation in which commercially available stents often result in migration or granulation tissue reaction due to poor congruence. This proof-of-concept clinical trial investigated the feasibility and safety of computer-assisted designed (CAD) and manufactured personalised three-dimensional (3D) stents in patients with ACAS from various origins. After CAD of a virtual stent from a CT scan, a mould is manufactured using a 3D computer numerical control machine, from which a medical-grade silicone stent is made. Complication rate, dyspnoea, quality of life and respiratory function were followed after implantation. The congruence of the stent was assessed peroperatively and at 1 week postimplantation (CT scan). The stent could be implanted in all 10 patients. The 3-month complication rate was 40%, including one benign mucus plugging, one stent removal due to intense cough and two stent migrations. 9 of 10 stents showed great congruence within the airways, and 8 of 10 induced significant improvement in dyspnoea, quality of life and respiratory function. These promising outcomes in highly complex situations support further investigation on the subject, including technological improvements.​Trial registration numberNCT02889029.
Privacy-preserving Cross-domain Location Recommendation
Authors: Gao Chen , Huang Chao , Yu Yue , Wang Huandong , Li Yong , Jin Depeng 
Published: April 2019

Cross-domain recommendation is a typical solution for data sparsity and cold start issue in the field of location recommendation. Specifically, data of an auxiliary domain is leveraged to improve the recommendation of the target domain. There is a typical scenario that two interaction domains (location based check-in service, for example) combine data to perform the cross-domain location recommendation task. Existing approaches are based on the assumption that the interaction data from the auxiliary domain can be directly shared across domains. However, such an assumption is not reasonable, since in the real world those domains may be operated by different companies. Therefore, directly sharing raw data may violate business privacy policy and increase the risk of privacy leakage since the user-location interaction records are very sensitive.
In this paper, we propose a framework named privacy-preserving cross-domain location recommendation which works in two stages. First, for the interaction data from the auxiliary domain, we adopt a differential privacy based protection mechanism to hide the real locations of each user to meet the criterion of differential privacy. Then we share the protected user-location interaction to the target domain. Second, we develop a new method of Confidence-aware Collective Matrix Factorization (CCMF) to effectively exploit the transferred interaction data. To verify its efficacy, we collect two real-world datasets suitable for the task. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our proposed framework achieves the best performance compared with the state-of-the-art baseline methods. We further demonstrate that our method can alleviate the data sparsity issue significantly while protecting users' location privacy.
Effect of Evening Bromazepam Administration on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate in Mild Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Costa Alfredo , Bosone Daniele , Cotta Ramusino Matteo , Perini Giulia , Ghiotto Natascia , Zoppi Annalisa , D&apos;Angelo Angela , Fogari Roberto 
Published: April 2019

<b><i>Aim:</i></b> To assess the effects of chronic evening oral administration of bromazepam alone or in combination with propranolol on ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) in mild hypertensive subjects. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Thirty-seven mild hypertensive patients after a 2-week placebo period were randomized to bromazepam 3 mg, propranolol 40 mg, bromazepam 3 mg plus propranolol 40 mg or placebo for 2 weeks according to a double-blind, double dummy, cross-over design. After each treatment period, 24-h BP and HR ambulatory monitoring was performed by using a non-invasive device. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Ambulatory monitoring showed that during night-time SBP and DBP values were unaffected by bromazepam as compared to placebo, whereas SBP was significantly reduced by propranolol both when taken alone and in combination with bromazepam. HR nocturnal values were significantly reduced by propranolol, whereas they were significantly increased by bromazepan both when taken alone (+11.5%, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05 vs. placebo) and in combination with propranolol (+12.8%, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05 vs. propranolol). No significant difference in day-time values of SBP, DBP and HR was observed among the 4 treatment groups. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> In mild hypertensive patients, evening consumption of bromazepam for a 2-week period did not affect BP, while it increased nocturnal HR. Such an increase was observed both when bromazepam was taken alone and in combination with propranolol, which suggests that it depends on a bromazepam mediated decrease in vagal tone. Whatever the mechanism, the HR nocturnal increase might be of clinical relevance, due to the role of high HR as cardiovascular risk factor, particularly in already at risk hypertensive subjects.