bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Schrödinger’s Robot: Privacy in Uncertain States
Authors: Kerr Ian 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Can robots or AIs operating independently of human intervention or oversight diminish our privacy? There are two equal and opposite reactions to this issue. On the robot side, machines are starting to outperform human experts in an increasing array of narrow tasks, including driving, surgery, and medical diagnostics. This is fueling a growing optimism that robots and AIs will exceed humans more generally and spectacularly; some think, to the point where we will have to consider their moral and legal status. On the privacy side, one sees the very opposite: robots and AIs are, in a legal sense, nothing.
The received view is that since robots and AIs are neither sentient nor capable of human-level cognition, they are of no consequence to privacy law. This article argues that robots and AIs operating independently of human intervention can and, in some cases, already do diminish our privacy. Epistemic privacy offers a useful analytic framework for understanding the kind of cognizance that gives rise to diminished privacy. Because machines can actuate on the basis of the beliefs they form in ways that affect people’s life chances and opportunities, I argue that they demonstrate the kind of cognizance that definitively implicates privacy. Consequently, I conclude that legal theory and doctrine will have to expand their understanding of privacy relationships to include robots and AIs that meet these epistemic conditions. An increasing number of machines possess epistemic qualities that force us to rethink our understanding of privacy relationships with robots and AIs.
Theorizing Privacy in a Liberal Democracy: Canadian Jurisprudence, Anti-Terrorism, and Social Memory After 9/11
Authors: Steeves Valerie 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The creation of new search powers in the Canadian Anti-Terrorism Act post-9/11 to make citizens more transparent to state surveillance was less a new phenomenon than an extension of preexisting tendencies to make citizens transparent to the state, so the risks they pose can be efficiently managed. However, 9/11 brought about a shift in the ways in which the Supreme Court of Canada talked about terrorism; terrorism was no longer placed on a continuum of criminal activity but was elevated to a threat to Canadian values as a whole. I argue that, paradoxically, this shift reconnected the Court to earlier discourses about privacy as an essential element of democratic governance and reinvigorated narratives around the importance of the public-private boundary to democratic relationships by situating privacy within narratives informed by social memory. From this perspective, privacy can be conceptualized as a status claim: as citizens, we are entitled to privacy because privacy is the boundary that creates right relationships between citizens and between citizens and the state. This avoids pitting privacy as an individual right against societal interests in transparency because it more fully actualizes Priscilla Regan’s call to theorize the value of privacy as a public good central to liberal democratic governance. This conception also reconnects Alan Westin’s original understanding of privacy as an element of liberal democracy to the sociological research he drew on, enriching the liberal conception of privacy by locating it in the intersubjective communication of cultural actors living in community.
Synthesis and Satisfaction: How Philosophy Scholarship Matters
Authors: Allen Anita L. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Privacy and technology clash in the courts. I elaborate the example of Puttaswamy v Union of India (2017), an example from the High Court of India, whose sweeping and inclusive jurisprudential style raises starkly the question of the influence that academic philosophers and other scholars have over how legitimate societal interests in exploiting information technology and protecting personal privacy are “balanced” by the courts. Philosophers will be satisfied to see that their theories are acknowledged in a landmark national decision finding that India’s 1.3 billion people have a constitutional, fundamental right to privacy that constrains a challenged government biometric identification system. Some scholars will appreciate the inclusive definition of privacy, which included decisional privacy, combined with the treatment of privacy as a paramount human good meriting the protection of fundamental rights. But some academic philosophers are potentially disappointed that the Court synthesizes rather than differentiates among their competing theories, concepts, and definitions, and, in the end, relies upon liberal Enlightenment ideals that some scholars have argued are singularly ill-suited for the twenty-first century.
Técnicas de titulación ácido-base: consideraciones metrológicas
Authors: Ahumada Forigua Diego Alejandro , Morales Erazo Laura Vanessa , Abella Gamba Johanna Paola , Gonzalez Cardenas Ivonne Alejandra 
Published: March 2019

Las titulaciones ácido base son un grupo de técnicas de enorme empleo en diferentes sectores de la industría y la academia. En este sentido, se caracterizaron diferentes sistemas de medición para titulaciones ácido-base, con el propósito de determinar cuál presenta mejores características metrológicas. Estos sistemas incluyen volumetrías, gravimetrías y tres diferentes modos de detección del punto final. Como parte de este proceso, se propone una nueva aproximación para la estimación de la incertidumbre de medición asociada a la detección del punto final de la titulación. Los resultados indicaron que las incertidumbres más bajas se obtienen mediante el método potenciométrico, sin embargo se encontró que este es fuertemente dependiente de la resolución del instrumento y/o la cantidad de agente titulante que se adiciona en la cercanía al punto de equivalencia. Posteriormente, se compararon los sistemas de titulación gravimétricos y volumétricos, y se encontró que la incertidumbre disminuye cerca del 40% empleando métodos gravimétricos. Finalmente se realizó la evaluación del sesgo de los sistemas de medición acorde con la guía ISO 33:2015. Los resultados mostraron que para ninguno de los casos el sesgo es significativo, sin embargo el sesgo del método conductimétrico es hasta 78 veces mayor que el obtenido mediante potenciometría.
Inferential based statistical indicators for the assessment of solar resource data
Authors: Clohessy Chantelle May , Sharp Gary , Hugo Johan , Van Dyk E. 
Published: March 2019

The drive to reduce fossil fuel dependency led to a surge in interest in renewable energy as a replacement fuel source, which provided research opportunities for vastly different domains. Statistical modelling was used extensively to assist in research. This study applied two statistical techniques that can be used in conjunction or independently to existing methods to validate solar resource data simulated from models. The case study, using a database from a Southern African Universities Radiometric Network, provided illustrative benefits to the methods proposed, while comparing them with some of the validation methods currently used. It was demonstrated that profile analysis plots are easy to interpret, as deviations between modelled and measured data over time are clearly observed, while traditional validation scatter plots are unable to distinguish these deviations.
The Main Scenarios for the Formation of Territorial Autonomies in the Modern World (Constitutional and Legal Aspect)
Authors: Irkhin I. V. 
Published: March 2019

As part of the analysis of the practices of institutionalization of constitutional and legal status of territorial autonomies of Bolivia, Great Britain, Denmark, India, Indonesia, Canada, China, Moldova, Uzbekistan, Finland on the basis of the criteria and methods of their formation, it is indicated that there are two main scenarios. According to the first one, territorial autonomies are formed on the basis of international and national legal acts. The second scenario assumes the formation of autonomies based on national legal acts only.In the structure of the first scenario, territorial autonomies formed as a result of negotiations between the parties to the conflict (confrontation model) and in the Directive order (Directive model) are separated. In the structure of the second scenario, territorial autonomies established following the negotiations on the basis a peaceful compromise or as a result of confrontation (consensus and confrontation models), as well as autonomies formed unilaterally (policy model) are highlighted.The conceptual requirements for the successful institutionalization of territorial autonomy are as follows: the presence of rooted in society and the state traditions of democracy and the rule of law; the establishment of a real regime of internal self-government; limited material and financial resources and the resulting dependence on the state; the absence of disputes about sovereignty; clarity of the formal legal structure of the constitutional legal status; small population and the territory of autonomy. In this case, the structure and content of these requirements are very mobile, and therefore can be combined in different proportions with different specific gravity.Typical examples of the most stable territorial autonomies (in terms of territorial integrity and unity of the state), in which these conditions are present in different volumes, are the autonomies of Bolivia, the Aland Islands, the Faroe Islands, Hong Kong and Macao. This category can also include Karakalpakstan and Nunavut because of their total dependence on the support of national governments.In turn, the potential for the development of separatist tendencies remains in the UK (Scotland, Northern Ireland), India, Indonesia, China (Tibet), Moldova, and the Philippines.
Epidemiological characterization of dermatophytes at a tertiary care hospital in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Kumar Ankur , Upadhyay Vandana , Singh Amresh K. , Pandey Jayesh 
Published: March 2019

Background and Purpose: Superficial mycosis is more prevalent in tropical and subtropical countries, such as India. Regarding this, the present study was conducted to determine the epidemiology of superficial mycosis and identify the most common dermatophytic species in this region.
Materials and Methods: For the purpose of the study, a total of 220 skin scraping, nail, and hair root specimens were collected. Direct microscopic examination was performed using potassium hydroxide mount. Additionally, the samples were inoculated onto Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) and dermatophyte test medium (DTM). The fungal colony of each isolates was stained with lactophenol cotton blue mount, and observed under microscope for species identification.
Results: Out of 220 isolates, 172 samples, obtained from 108 males 64 females, were positive for skin fungal infections by either KOH mount or culture. Furthermore, 113 isolates were identified as dermatophytes, while 59 samples were found to be non-dermatophytes. Among the dermatophytes isolated from different clinical samples, Trichophyton verrucosum (42/113, 38%) was the most common species, and Tinea corporis was the most common infection (36.2%).
Conclusion: As the findings indicated, dermatophytes had an isolation rate of 78%, which is higher than normal. This can be due to the fact that the majority of the patients were from a rural background (71.7%) with a low socioeconomic status and poor personal hygiene who were exposed to climatic changes.
Avaliação e categorização de equívocos em códigos produzidos no ensino introdutório de computação
Authors: Aparecida Tales Lelo da , Azevedo Rodolfo Jardim de , Caceffo Ricardo Edgard 
Published: March 2019

Buscar métodos de reconhecer antecipadamente alunos equivocados e auxiliar no direcionamento é essencial. Este projeto, associado à pesquisa do Dr. Ricardo Caceffo, ambas supervisionadas pelo Dr. Rodolfo Azevedo, visa criar uma ferramenta de diagnóstico de problemas de compreensão dos alunos para disciplinas introdutórias de computação. Foram estudadas algumas alternativas de assistência à alunos e educadores, onde analisou-se o sistema de submissão e testes automáticos de programas de alunos das disciplinas do Instituto de Computação da Unicamp, inicialmente com intuito de reunir erros recorrentes nos códigos submetidos e depois com intenção de sumarizar dados em gráficos e tabelas que fossem facilmente interpretadas por docentes para acompanhamento dos alunos cursando a disciplina. Isto foi implementado como uma extensão da própria ferramenta de submissão, de modo que permitisse fácil incrementação, possivelmente por parte dos próprios professores.
Water-Based Drill-In Fluid Optimization Using Polyelectrolyte Complex Nanoparticles as a Fluid Loss Additive
Authors: Whatley Lucas , Barati Reza , Kessler Zach , Tsau Jyun-Syung 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
It is well known within the industry that conventional drilling fluids can damage the well's producing zone. Damage mechanisms occur due to leakage of drilling fluid into the formation even after the formation of a filter cake. This filtrate contains entrained particulates that can enter the pore spaces of the rock and restrict flow through the pore throats resulting in reduced permeability during production. Cleaner drill-in fluids with low solids content have been developed for use when drilling through a producing zone in an attempt to mitigate the extent of damage caused by leak-off. These fluids should not only provide excellent fluid loss prevention, but also exhibit the rheological characteristics needed to perform the traditional functions of conventional fluids. Even though these fluids reduce the amount of particulates entering the formation by containing less solids, the filtrate that is still able to flow through the filter cake can be equally as damaging. Reduction of filtrate volumes can be further achieved by introducing nanoparticles to bridge across the nano-sized gaps within the filter cake. This research focuses on the application of polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles (PECNP) as a fluid loss additive to further enhance the filter cake filtration properties of a general drill-in fluid. A baseline fluid is formulated consisting of a sodium chloride brine, biopolymers for rheology and fluid loss purposes, and calcium carbonate as a density and bridging agent. The ratio and pH of polyelectrolytes were optimized in order to create stable PECNPs for this system. Different dilutions of PECNPs were added and tested in a static fluid loss setup, where filtrate volumes were compared to determine the best system of 1/8th diluted nanoparticles. The chosen system was then taken to be tested in the dynamic fluid loss setup "Quasimodo" where fluid loss volumes were successfully reduced and wall building coefficients lowered. Analysis of cleanup curves after testing revealed that the PECNP drill-in fluid was less damaging to the core permeability than when the baseline fluid was used.
Evaluation of Silica Matrix Ion Effects on Barite Scale Inhibitors
Authors: Zhao Yue , M. Sriyarathne H. Dushanee , Harouaka Khadouja , Paudyal Samridhdi , Ko Saebom , Dai Chong , Lu Alex Yi-Tsung , Deng Guannan , Wang Xin , Kan Amy T , Tomson Mason 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Silica is ubiquitous in oil and gas production water because of quartz and clay dissolution from rock formations. Furthermore, the produced water from unconventional production often contains high Ca2+, Mg2+ and Fe2+ concentrations. These common cations, especially iron, can form aqueous or surface complexes with silica and affect the nucleation inhibition of other scales such as barite. Thus, it is important to investigate the silica matrix ion effects on barite scale inhibitors efficiency to evaluate inhibitor compatibility with silica and common cations in produced waters.
In this study, experimental conditions were varied from 50 mg/L to 160 mg/L SiO2 in the presence of Ca2+ (1,000 and 16,000 mg/L), Mg2+ (2,000 mg/L) and Fe2+ (10 mg/L) at 70°C and neutral pH conditions, all with a background of 1 M NaCl. Our laser scattering apparatus was used to study the effect of silica matrix ions on barite nucleation inhibition [Yan et al., 2015]. For the experiments with redox-sensitive cations (such as Fe2+), a novel anoxic apparatus along with laser scattering apparatus was used. Phosphonate, carboxylate and sulfonate inhibitors were tested. All inhibitors tolerated the experimental conditions with silica. The inhibition efficiency of phosphonate inhibitor DTPMP was impaired by high Ca2+ and Mg2+, and the addition of silica would not affect this result. The polycarboxylic acid inhibitor PPCA tolerated high Ca2+ and Mg2+ conditions, and adding silica did not have influence on this behavior. The polymeric inhibitors, such as PVS and PPCA, also tolerated the experimental conditions with Fe2+ and Fe-silica. Fe2+ significantly impaired the inhibition performance of DTPMP. This may be due to the formation of an Fe(II)-DTPMP precipitate. The detrimental effect of Fe2+ on DTPMP could be reduced, to some extent, by adding silica, which might be due to the formation of Fe-silica complex and the reduction of Fe2+ impact on phosphonate.
A High Temperature and Salt Resistance Supramolecular Thickening System
Authors: Ma Yingxian , Ma Leyao , Guo Jianchun , Lai Jie , Zhou Han , Li Jia 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We prepared physically linked allyl alcohol polymer/polyacrylamide double network hydrogels via one-pot strategy. These double network supermolecular fracturing fluids were found to have a better viscosity at high temperature compared to the conventional polyacrylamide systems. After testing with a rheometer, the fluid viscosity could stay 320 mPa s at 150 °C under 170/s shear rate. With NMR and FT-IR results' help, we determined that abundant polar groups of chains were still free, which could complex ions to keep, even enhance the chain stability. Thus, these double network systems showed excellent salt resistance with the non-covalent interactions and physical entanglements, and the viscosity of the allyl alcohol polymer/polyacrylamide system did not drop but increase. The viscosity in high salinity could increase nearly 40 % compared with the initial situation. Overall, the novel fracturing fluid system could maintain a high viscosity and better rheological properties under high salinity and showed excellent high-temperature stability, to make up the lack of fracturing fluid at this stage. It is expected to potential fluid issues caused by low water quality and harsh downhole temperatures were resolved or mitigated.
Out with the Old: Developing a New Test Methodology for Paraffin Wax Dispersion and Inhibition Testing
Authors: Miller Amanda , Smith Rashod , Dufresne Brad , Mahmoudkhani Amir 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Traditional test methods to evaluate dispersion and inhibition of paraffin wax, which are mainly based on wax gelation and deposition, often fail to distinguish and differentiate between classes of chemistries at a reasonable resolution. Recommended products based on such lab screenings sometimes have a difficult time proving success in the field. The rush for oil production from unconventional shale plays in North America create a need for quick and elaborate testing to effectively evaluate new products for prevention and remediation of known paraffin wax issues. This paper will present a progress made in this area.
For our studies a model oil system was used, which consists of field wax deposit dissolved in kerosene. Testing with a model oil allowed us to focus on the chemistries that are effective against paraffin chains known to cause issues. Several different testing conditions were used to push the ability of the chemistries to function. Light scattering was used to monitor transition from turbidity to sedimentation of paraffin wax from bulk solution under static or dynamic conditions. A total of twelve compounds from three classes of polymers and three classes of surfactants were used in treatment of these oil systems.
With this new lab testing methodology, we have been able to discover new insights on the chemistries used for paraffin wax dispersion and inhibition. In contrast to methods which only measure the end point, light scattering and transmission methodology provides system details at time intervals of 30 sec or higher. The method also allowed us to differentiate chemistries based on their impact on the separation index and sedimentation rate of targeted paraffin chains under stressed conditions by forced precipitation. It was found that certain classes of chemistries are more suited for dispersion and inhibition of waxy condensates once system passed the critical point, while others fail over time. This new approach is fast and versatile and must be used as part of a suite of lab and field screenings for product development and recommendation.
New methodology based on light scattering and transmission of oil systems can provide details not seen before on colloidal stability or instability of waxy crudes under stressed conditions. The method gives an even greater insight to how different chemistries function to mitigate known paraffin issues. Quantitative and reproducible data are obtained allowing faster screening of various chemistries and enhancing product development for new and aging fields.
Internal Viscoelastic Surfactant Breakers from In-Situ Oligomerization
Authors: Daeffler Christopher , Perroni Dominic , Makarychev-Mikhailov Sergey , Mirakyan Andrey 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Viscoelastic surfactants (VES) are important gelling agents in well stimulation treatments. Proper job design requires that the additives create the desired viscosity for effective proppant or gravel pack sand transport. Post-stimulation production enhancement partially relies on the thoroughness of gelling agent destruction or removal, known as "breaking" the gel. VES gels are non-damaging and do not create a filter cake, and thus are prone to high leak-off. The leak-off fluid potentially has a high zero-shear viscosity and can be challenging to remove from the formation. We propose a breaker system that comprises a monomer and radical initiator that will travel into to the formation with the VES gel. The resulting polymer will disrupt the worm-like micelles of the VES, creating spherical micelles and reducing the viscosity of the fluid. The breaker system presented here is operable at 200 °F. Rheology measurements show that the VES fluid with monomer and initiator has reduced viscosity and becomes less shear-thinning. Optical transmission and backscattering measurements show that the presence of breaker does not greatly accelerate proppant settling. The reduced viscosity would not adversely affect proppant transport. Core flow experiments compared retained permeability of cores treated with VES and VES with reacted monomer and initiator. The core flushed with broken fluid possessed a retained permeability of 79%, while the unmodified VES left only 44% retained permeability.