bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exhaled breath condensate nitrite in premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Yen E. , Weinberger B.I. , Laumbach R.J. , Ohman-Strickland P.A. , Vetrano A.M. , Gow A.M. , Ramagopal M. 
Published: July 2018

BACKGROUND: Tracheal aspirate is the conventional method to measure biomarkers of inflammation and oxidation from premature infants on mechanical ventilation at risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), but this method is invasive. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a novel, non-invasive method that has been used in older populations. Nitrite, a stable metabolite of nitric oxide (NO), is elevated in inflammatory conditions. We aim to investigate the feasibility of EBC nitrite collection from ventilated premature infants and to quantify EBC nitrite in infants with and without BPD. We hypothesize that EBC nitrite correlates with TA nitrite, and that EBC nitrite in the first week of life is higher in infants who will develop BPD than those without BPD. METHODS: In a pilot prospective cohort study, TA and EBC were collected in the first week of life from mechanically ventilated premature infants. Nitrite levels were measured using chemiluminescence. RESULTS: EBC nitrite significantly correlated with TA nitrite ( r = 0.45, p = 0.025). Of 40 infants, 33 (82.5%) developed BPD. EBC and TA nitrite levels collected in the first week of life had a higher trend in infants with BPD than those without BPD ( p = 0.23 and 0.38 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Higher trend of EBC nitrite in the first week of life was associated with the development of BPD. Correlation of nitrite level in EBC with that in TA (conventional method) highlights the utility of EBC as an alternative, non-invasive method to measure inflammation. Further refinement of conditions and timing may optimize the predictive value of EBC nitrite.
In-situ Star Formation in the Outskirts of the Large Magellanic Cloud: Gaia DR2 Confirmation
Authors: Casetti-Dinescu Dana I. , Girard Terrence M. , Bidin Christian Moni , Zhang Lan , Mendez Rene A. , Vieira Katherine , Korchagin Vladimir I. , van Altena William F. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We explore the Gaia data release 2 (DR2) proper motions of six young, main-sequence stars, members of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) reported by Moni Bidin et al. These stars are located in the outskirts of the disk, between 7° and 13° from the LMC’s center where there is very low H i content. Gaia DR2 proper motions confirm that four stars formed locally, in situ, while two are consistent with being expelled via dynamical interactions from inner, more gas-rich regions of the LMC. This finding establishes that recent star formation occurred in the periphery of the LMC, where thus far only old populations were known.
The Imprint of Cosmic Ray Driven Outflows on Lyman-α Spectra
Authors: Gronke Max , Girichidis Philipp , Naab Thorsten , Walch Stefanie 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Recent magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the star-forming interstellar medium (ISM) with parsec-scale resolution indicate that relativistic cosmic rays (CRs) support the launching of galactic outflows on scales of a few kpc. If these fundamental constituents of the ISM are injected at the sites of supernova (SN) explosions, the outflows are smoother, colder, and denser than the highly structured, hot-phase driven outflows forming, e.g., by thermal SN energy injection alone. In this Letter we present computations of resonant Lyman-α(Lyα) radiation transfer through snapshots of a suite of stratified disk simulations from the SILCC project. For a range of thermal, radiative, and kinetic feedback models only simulations including non-thermal CRs produce Lyα spectra with enhanced red peaks and strong absorption at line center—similar to observed systems. The absence of CR feedback leads to spectra incompatible with observations. We attribute this to the smoother neutral gas distribution of CR supported outflows within a few kpc from the disk midplane.
Additional new combinations in Sesamum L. (Pedaliaceae: Sesameae)
Authors: Manning John C. , Magee Anthony R. 
Published: July 2018

Background: Ongoing systematic studies in the African flora necessitate periodic nomenclatural adjustments and corrections.Objectives: To effect requisite nomenclatural changes.Method: Relevant literature was surveyed and requisite nomenclatural transfers provided.Results: The new combination Sesamum byngianum Christenh. proposed for Josephinia africana Vatke is superfluous as an available synonym exists.Conclusions: The new combination Sesamum rosaceum (Engl.) J.C. Manning Magee is also provided for Josephinia africana Vatke. Three new sectional combinations are provided to accommodate the species previously placed in Ceratotheca Endl., Josephinia Vent. and Dicerocaryum Bojer in the current infrageneric classification of Sesamum.
Vanishing theorems for mixed Hodge modules and applications
Authors: Suh Junecue 
Published: July 2018

We prove two Kawamata–Viehweg type vanishing theorems with coefficients, one for polarisable variations of Hodge structures (PVHSs) and the other for general mixed Hodge modules. They generalise previous vanishing theorems of Kawamata, Viehweg, Esnault and Viehweg, Illusie, Saito, and Popa.
The two theorems are complementary. One applies to all mixed Hodge modules, but only covers (of necessity) the lowest Hodge graded piece. The other applies only to Deligne’s canonical extension of PVHSs across simple normal crossings divisors, but covers all the Hodge graded pieces.
As application, we obtain new results on the cohomology of Shimura varieties and an alternative proof of a known result in birational geometry: (i) Using the one for PVHSs, we obtain new vanishing theorems for the cohomology of arbitrary Shimura varieties (including the ones attached to exceptional groups) with automorphic coefficients, extending works of Faltings, Li and Schwermer, and our own with Lan. (ii) The vanishing theorem for mixed Hodge modules contains, as a special case, Kollár’s vanishing theorem for the higher direct images of dualising sheaves and big and nef line bundles.
Non-metric digital reconstruction of Roman mosaics excavated in the city of Ravenna (Italy)
Authors: Monti Mariapaola , Maino Giuseppe 
Published: July 2018

<p>During the excavations carried out in summer 2011 in Piazza Anita Garibaldi in Ravenna, during construction of the new underground waste containers, five rooms decorated with mosaic floors were found, probably dating back to the early Roman Empire (1<sup>st</sup>-2<sup>nd</sup>century AD). The mosaics were removed for restoration and musealisation, however –given the size of the large lacunae-it would not be possible to reintegrate them in a traditional restoration without creating arbitrary reconstructions. Therefore, we opted for a digital reconstruction of the lacunae, attempting virtual restoration hypotheses for the recovered mosaics. Subsequently, it was possible to grasp the trend of the figuration and how it could have appeared in the past. The characteristics of many mosaics, such as the symmetry and the repetition of geometric patterns, make them suitable for both a simulated integration and are construction by the analogies of the pattern. As a matter of fact, we used simple and easily accessible software to perform this work. The purpose of this digital workflow was to give an example of virtual processing useful for conservators and restorers, as well as for scholars (archaeologists, art historians, etc.) that can be carried out without specific information technology expertise and computer skills. After the images were acquired digitally, we were able to proceed with the reconstruction of the floor, by taking into account the geometric motifs that make up the mosaic assembly and that made the recomposition the most reliable. The virtual restoration also provides the opportunity of simulating the type of integration and the colour so that scholars, restorers and conservators may evaluate the final appearance of the work and the different aesthetic choices. The virtual restoration is finally considered an essential tool for the enhancement of cultural heritage.</p><p><strong>Highlights:</strong></p><ul><li><p>An example of virtual restoration is presented relevant to Roman mosaics recently found in Ravenna (Italy).</p></li><li><p>A simulated integration by the analogies of the geometric patterns present in the mosaics allows a reliable reconstruction.</p></li><li><p>Virtual restoration results in a useful tool for enhancement, knowledge and improvement of understanding of mosaics by the general public.</p></li></ul>
Proportionality: Lessons from the Somme
Authors: Biggar Nigel 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In “just war” thinking, proportionality is a criterion both of going to war and of fighting in it. This article uses the Battle of the Somme—a byword for immorally profligate warfare—to consider how proportionality should be understood. It reaches six conclusions: (1) a very large number of casualties is not in itself disproportionate; (2) the proportionality of a particular military operation depends on the moral standing of the larger belligerency to which it belongs; (3) aptness in the sense of being a fit response to injustice requires an account of what kinds of injustice warrant the costs of war; (4) strategy or tactics that are inefficient in the spending of lives are disproportionate; (5) if a strategist or tactician could have known that his plans were inefficient, and if we judge that he should have known, then the disproportion is culpable; nevertheless, (6) attrition can be the most efficient way of fighting.
The Effects of Activities and Approachments Intended Performance Improvement on the Students’ Performances in Mathematics
Authors: Kilic Seval , Alkan Huseyin 
Published: July 2018

The study presented aims at searching the relation between the learning environment and students’ performances in Mathematics. Data of the 27 week-long research were compiled from 9th grade students at an Anatolian High School. Semi-experimental research modelled pre-test post-test control grouped experimental model was used in the study. Before the application, students’ gaps regarding the subjects were found out and students were supported by it and their initial performances were evaluated by using the developed non-routine problem. During the application, the learning process continued taking the performance variables into consideration in the experiment group whereas the constructivist learning approach was used in the control group in accordance with the mathematics program. Data gained from students’ performance evaluations at the beginning and end of the term, were analysed in order to find out the similarities and differences between the two groups. The findings reveal that there is no meaningful difference in the performance grades of students at the beginning of the term. On the other hand, the average performance grades of the students after the application process show a statistically meaningful difference in favour of the experiment group. Comparisons were made in the experiment group before and after the application.
Little White Lies
Authors: Wertz S. K. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: July 2018

Samuel Johnson has an interesting comment on consequences and the telling of “white lies.” For example “Sick People and Children are often to be deceived for their Good.” David Hume apparently endorses this concept in one of his letters. Both Johnson and Rousseau anticipate Kant’s argument about consequences in that one is to tell the truth under all circumstances. Hume, I argue, would take issue with this claim in that there are cases (like the two above) that warrant telling white lies. Elsewhere (second Enquiry) he speaks about “harmless liars” who indulge in “lying or fiction . . . in humorous stories.” And he says “Noble pride and spirit may openly display itself when one lies under calamity [defamation or slander] or opposition of any kind,” especially if the opposition puts one’s life in grave danger, so one’s self-preservation is threatened. Under situations like these, lying is justified. In regard to fiction, if lying is for the purpose of entertainment and where “truth is not of any importance,” it is permissible. These cases are discussed in some detail, and they offer, along with their analysis, a pragmatic defense of Hume’s position.
Rhabdias bufonis(Rhabdiasidae) from the lung of the African common toad,Amietophrynus regularis(Bufonidae) in Egypt: new data on the basis of light and scanning electron microscopic study
Authors: Morsy Kareem , Mohamed Sara Ali , Abdel-Ghaffar Fathy , El-Fayoumi Hoda , Abdel-Haleem Heba 
Published: July 2018

Background and AimsRhabdiassp. (Rhabdiasidae) is a nematode parasite of family Rhabdiasidae infecting the lung of amphibians. The present study provides new morphological details forRhabdias bufonisisolated from the lungs of the African common toad,Amietophrynus regularisbased on observations of light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).MethodsForty specimens were collected from its natural habitat: the damp, moist fields and gardens at Giza governorate, Egypt. Worms were isolated from the lungs, fixed and then preserved. They were examined using light and SEM with further line drawings.ResultsFourteen specimens (35%) were found to harborRhabdiaswith an intensity of three to five worms per host. Bodies of the gravid females were elongated, slender, measured 3.22–9.86 (5.64 ± 0.03) long and 0.09–0.48 (0.23 ± 0.02) wide at mid-length. Buccal capsule was with cylindrical lumen and sclerotized walls. Ovaries were almost straight. The uteri were located anterior and posterior to the vulva. Uterus were filled with a large number of eggs (17–42). Eggs were oval in shape and some of them were with fully developed larvae inside. The tail was comparatively short, gradually tapered. SEM showed that worms possessed an oval anterior end with a simple, slit like oral opening. The lipless edges of the mouth opening were bordered with tiny cuticular elevations, radiated outwards. Two pairs of submedian cephalic papillae were observed around the oral opening as well as two amphids.ConclusionThe current study presents new morphological details forR. bufonisisolated from the African common toad. Also, the morphology of the slit-like mouth opening, the two pairs of cephalic papillae, two amphids and the three pairs of cuticular elevations supporting the area around mouth opening were investigated.
Impedance‐Matching Wavefront‐Transformation Lens Based on Acoustic Metamaterials
Authors: Bai Lin , Dong Hui Yuan , Song Gang Yong , Cheng Qiang , Huang Bei , Jiang Wei Xiang , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA broadband, low‐loss, and impedance‐matching wavefront‐transformation lens in acoustics is proposed. Different from the previous planar gradient‐index lens in which the refraction index changes in one direction, the refraction index in the proposed lens changes along two directions. Thus, with one more design freedom, the lens can be designed with additional conditions. For example, based on such an idea, some functional lenses with impedance matching to surrounding material can be designed. To realize the presented lens in acoustics, sub‐wavelength artificial structures, termed as acoustic metamaterials, are used. The elastic modulus and effective density are extracted from the unit cells. A broadband and low‐loss acoustic focusing lens with impedance matching to free space is designed, fabricated, and measured. The lens is fabricated via 3D printing technology with photosensitive resin. The measured result is in good agreement with the simulation. Such an impedance‐matching lens is expected to be used in high‐efficiency acoustic imaging.
Ultrastable Fluorescent Polymer Dots for Stimulated Emission Depletion Bioimaging
Authors: Wu Yayun , Ruan Hefei , Zhao Rong , Dong Zaizai , Li Wenhui , Tang Xiaojun , Yuan Jinghe , Fang Xiaohong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractStimulated emission depletion (STED) nanoscopy is an emerging super‐resolution imaging technique, which enables high spatiotemporal characterization of cellular structures and dynamics. However, its current application is limited by the lack of photostable fluorophores, which can endure strong STED illumination. Herein, a type of photobleaching‐resistant semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) for STED imaging is reported. The Pdots are synthesized by nanoprecipitation of the mixture of hydrophobic fluorescent polymer poly[{9,9‐dihexyl‐2,7‐bis(1‐cyanovinylene)fluorene}‐alt‐co‐{2,5‐bis(N,N′‐diphenylamino)‐1,4‐phenylene}] (PDFDP) and amphiphilic polymer poly(styrene‐co‐maleic anhydride) (PSMA) to form monodispersed nanoparticles. The Pdots show remarkable properties, including superior photostability, bright fluorescence, large Stokes shift, and easy surface functionalization. Imaging of individual Pdots is realized with a super‐resolution of 71 nm. Long‐term (2 h) continuous STED imaging of cellular Pdots and live‐cell STED imaging for dynamic tracking are achieved. These results demonstrate the promising potential of using Pdots as a new class of fluorescent probe for STED nanoscopy.
Physical Metallurgy Inspired Nano‐Features for Enhancement of Thermoelectric Conversion Efficiency
Authors: Amouyal Yaron , Gelbstein Yaniv , Fuks David 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThermoelectric (TE) materials are useful for the conversion of heat flux into electrical power and for heat removal and are, therefore, technologically important. Development of TE materials involves controlling their thermal and electrical transport, and both are sensitive to the finest features of the material microstructure. Major turning points recorded in TE material research are enabled due to adopting concepts from physical metallurgy. These classical approaches, originally developed to explain plastic deformation mechanisms in metallic systems, are now being employed to elucidate thermal and electrical transport in highly efficient TE materials, and serve as tools to manipulate their transport properties. The present Progress Report reviews recent studies combining experimental and computational approaches aiming to elucidate the role of 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D lattice defects, and to harness them to enhance TE performance.
Effect of Crystal Orientation and Conduction Band Grading of Absorber on Efficiency of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells Grown on Flexible Polyimide Foil at Low Temperature
Authors: Kim SeongYeon , Yoo Hyesun , Rana Tanka Raj , Enkhbat Temujin , Han Gyuho , Kim JunHo , Song Soomin , Kim Kihwan , Gwak Jihye , Eo Young‐Ju , Yun Jae Ho 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFlexible Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells are developed on polyimide (PI) foil by using a three‐stage co‐evaporation method. To deposit CIGS on a PI substrate, low temperature deposition process (below 440 °C) is investigated. By optimizing the three‐stage process, power conversion efficiency (PCE) values of 12.1% and 13.6% are obtained at maximum process temperatures of 400 °C and 440 °C, respectively (without anti‐reflection coating). The CIGS absorber deposited at 400 °C is grown with (220)/(204) rather than (112) as its dominant growth orientation, accompanied by highly homogeneous crystal structure and phases. Admittance spectroscopy reveals that the defect levels were lower in the CIGS absorber with (220)/(204) dominant growth orientation, which could have contributed to the PCE of 12.1%. The CIGS solar cell deposited at a temperature of 440 °C exhibits worse defect characteristics compared to that fabricated at 400 °C. However, the CIGS solar cell fabricated below 440 °C exhibited marginal double‐grading of Ga/(Ga + In) in the absorber layer, which resulted in an improved PCE of 13.6%. This result implies that at a temperature below 440 °C, the double‐grading of Ga/(Ga + In) is the more dominant factor causing the PCE improvement above 13%.
Prolonged severe hemorrhagic shock at a mean arterial pressure of 40 mmHg does not lead to brain damage in rats
Authors: Mihara Ryosuke , Takasu Akira , Maemura Kentaro , Minami Toshiaki 
Published: July 2018

AimTo examine whether prolonged hemorrhagic shock (HS) at a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 40 mmHg leads to brain damage.MethodsRats were anesthetized with sevoflurane. The HS model consisted of the following phases: I, pressure‐controlled HS at a MAP of 40 mmHg; II, fluid resuscitation to normalize blood pressure; III, observations with outcome evaluations in terms of survival, overall performance categories, and neurological deficit scores, as well as evaluation of apoptosis in the hippocampus at 96 h. Each group of six rats was randomized into 60 min (group 1) or 75 min (group 2) each of phases I and II. Three sham rats were anesthetized for 150 min, and then awakened during phase III.ResultsThe three sham rats as well as five and two of the six rats in groups 1 and 2 (P < 0.05), respectively, survived for up to 96 h. All survivors were functionally normal with overall performance category = 1 and neurological deficit score = 0 at 96 h. Apoptotic neurons were not found in the hippocampus.ConclusionsThe higher mortality in group 2 suggested a more profound effect of HS compared with group 1. However, prolonged HS for 60 or 75 min did not cause functional damage or apoptosis in the hippocampus. These findings suggest that prolonged HS at a MAP of 40 mmHg, as a level at which cerebral blood flow seems preserved by autoregulatory mechanisms, does not lead to brain damage.
Evidence of cardiac electrical remodeling in patients with Huntington disease
Authors: Cankar Ksenija , Melik Ziva , Kobal Jan , Starc Vito 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveAlthough Huntington's disease (HD) is a disease of the central nervous system, HD mortality surveys indicate heart disease as a major cause of death. Cardiac dysfunction in HD might be a primary consequence of peripherally expressed mutant huntingtin or secondary to either a general decline in health or the onset of neurological dysfunction. The aim of the study was to clarify the heart muscle involvement.Materials and MethodsWe measured conventional and advanced resting ECG indices. Thirty‐one subjects with a confirmed huntingtin gene mutation and 31 age‐ and gender‐matched controls were included. The HD subjects were divided into four groups based on their Unified Huntington Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) motor score.ResultsWe detected changes in advanced ECG variables connected with electrical ventricular remodeling (t test, p < 0.01). The increase in the unexplained part of both QT variability and the standard deviation of normal‐to‐normal QT intervals, presumably reflecting beat‐to‐beat changes in repolarization, was most pronounced. Further, both variables correlated with the product of the cytosine–adenine–guanine (CAG) triplets’ repeat length and the subjects’ age (CAP), the former R = 0.423 (p = 0.018) and the latter R = 0.499 (p = 0.004). There was no correlation between the CAP score and any of variables representing autonomic nervous system activity.ConclusionsBoth autonomic nervous system dysfunction and cardiac electrical remodeling are present in patients with HD. The changes in advanced ECG variables observed in the study evolve with HD progression. The increased values of QT unexplained variability may be a marker of temporal inhomogeneity in ventricular repolarization associated with malignant ventricular arrhythmias.