bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to biofilm growth is genetically linked to drug tolerance
Authors: Richards Jacob P. , Cai Wenlong , Zill Nicholas A. , Zhang Wenjun , Ojha Anil K. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTMycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) spontaneously grows at the air-medium interface forming pellicle biofilms, which harbor more drug tolerant persisters than planktonic cultures. The underlying basis for increased persisters in Mtb biofilms is unknown. Using a Tn-seq approach, we show here that multiple genes that are necessary for fitness of Mtb cells within biofilms, but not in planktonic cultures, are also important for their tolerance to a diverse set of stressors and antibiotics. Thus, development of Mtb biofilms appears to be associated with population enrichment, in which endogenous stresses presumably generated by challenging growth conditions within biofilm architecture select for cells that maintain tolerance to exogenous stresses including antibiotic exposure. We further observed that the intrinsic drug tolerance of constituent cells of biofilms determines the frequency of persisters: morphologically indistinguishable monoculture biofilms of a ΔpstC2A1 mutant hypersensitive to rifampicin harbor ∼20-fold fewer persisters than wild-type. These findings together allow us to propose that the selection of elite cells during biofilm development significantly contributes to the persister frequency. Furthermore, probing the possibility that the population enrichment is an outcome of unique environment within biofilms, we demonstrate biofilm-specific induction in the synthesis of isonitrile lipopeptides (INLP). Mutation analysis indicates that INLP is necessary for the architecture development of Mtb biofilms. In summary, the study offers an insight into persistence of Mtb biofilms under antibiotic exposure, while identifying INLP as a biomarker for further investigation of this phenomenon.SIGNIFICANCEThe tuberculosis (TB) pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is one of the deadliest bacterial pathogens known to mankind, and TB treatment is inefficient. A lengthy chemotherapy for TB is attributed to a small subpopulation of Mtb bacilli exhibiting phenotypic tolerance to antibiotics. Drugs targeting these persisters are expected to shorten TB chemotherapy, but their development is dependent on in vitro growth models that reproducibly generate high frequency of persisters. Biofilms of Mtb are a suitable model for understanding the origin of persisters. Here, we provide an explanation for the elevated persister frequency in Mtb biofilms. We also identify isonitrile lipopetides as a biomarker of Mtb biofilms. These findings will facilitate further advancements of our efforts to identify and target Mtb persisters.
Paired-end Mappability of Transposable Elements in the Human Genome
Authors: Sexton Corinne E , Han Mira V 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThough transposable elements make up around half of the human genome, the repetitive nature of their sequences makes it difficult to accurately align conventional sequencing reads. However, in light of new advances in sequencing technology, such as increased read length and paired-end libraries, these repetitive regions are now becoming easier to align to. This study investigates the mappability of transposable elements with 50bp, 76bp and 100bp paired-end read libraries. With respect to those read lengths and allowing for 3 mismatches during alignment, over 68%, 85%, and 88% of all transposable elements in the RepeatMasker database are uniquely mappable, suggesting that accurate locus-specific mapping of older transposable elements is well within reach.
Practical and safe method of cryopreservation for clinical application of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells without a programmable freezer or serum
Authors: Gao Siqiang , Takami Akiyoshi , Takeshita Kyosuke , Niwa Reiko , Kato Hidefumi , Nakayama Takayuki 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundAdipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic modality for cellular therapy because of their rapid proliferation and potent cellular activity compared to conventional bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Cosmetic lipoaspirates provide an easily obtainable source of ADSCs. Cryopreservation facilitates their clinical application due to increased transportability and pooling of sufficient numbers of cells. However, proper cryopreservation techniques have not been established yet.MethodsWe evaluated the post-thaw viability and ADSC functions after cryopreservation with three cryoprotectants (serum containing 10% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), serum-free: CP-1TM, DMSO-free: SCB-DFTM) at two temperature (−80°C, −150°C) and two cell densities: (1 × 106, 7 × 106cells/mL) for up to 18 months using cryovials. After determining optimal conditions, we also tested if large quantities of ADSCs remained viable after 18 months of cryopreservation in a 100-mL cryobag. Rate-controlled freezing methods or liquid nitrogen storage were not exploited.ResultsADSCs cryopreserved in serum containing 10% DMSO or CP-1TMat −150°C and 7 × 106cells/mL were most viable (>85%) after 18 months without perturbation of MSC functions. Even suboptimal conditions (−80°C, 1 × 106cells/mL, no DMSO) assured >80% viability when stored for up to 9 months. Large quantities of ADSCs in a cryobag were properly cryopreserved.ConclusionsA programmable freezer or liquid nitrogen storage is not necessary. CP-1TMis preferable in terms of side effects. Simplified cryopreservation methods (−80°C and no DMSO) can be used for up to 9 months, resulting in reduced infusion toxicities and lower costs.
Mindfulness for teachers: notes toward a discursive cartography
Authors: Low Remy 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
For the interested teacher, teacher educator and educational researcher seeking an entry point into how mindfulness relates to teachers’ work, the burgeoning and divergent appeals for the relevance of mindfulness to teachers can be bewildering. The purpose of this paper is to offer teachers, teacher educators and educational researchers a conceptual framework for understanding the different orientations and sources of mindfulness as it has been recommended to teachers.

Design/methodology/approach
Using Foucault’s (1972) concept of “discursive formations” as a heuristic device, this paper argues that mindfulness as pitched to teachers can be helpfully understood as arising from three distinct orientations.

Findings
Statements about mindfulness and its relevance to teachers emerge from three distinct discursive formations – traditional, psychological and engaged – that each constitute the “problem” faced by teachers respectively as suffering, stress or alienation. Specific conceptions of mindfulness are then advanced as a solution to these problems by certain authoritative subjects and institutions in ways that are taken as legitimate within each discursive formation.

Originality/value
Apart from offering a historical and discursive mapping of the different discursive formations from which mindfulness is pitched to teachers, this paper also highlights how each of these orientations impies a normative view of what a teacher should be. Suggestions for further historical research are also offered along the lines of genealogy, epistemology and ontology.
Thermohydraulics of the liquid films in rotating heat pipes
Authors: Hooman Kamel , Safaei Mohammad Reza , Togun Hussein , Dahari Mahidzal 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
In this study, closed-form solutions are presented to investigate thermohydraulics of liquid films in a rotating heat pipe. The film thickness is expressed as a function of flow rate.

Design/methodology/approach
Further, sensitivity of both film thickness and flow rate to the length of the rotating heat pipe can now be investigated using the explicit expressions presented here.

Findings
To make it easier for practical application, an approximate solution is presented on top of the exact solution.

Originality/value
Both approximate and exact solutions are then applied to note that results are in good agreement when compared to those available in the literature.
Experimental and numerical analysis of heat transfer in the helically coiled heat exchanger
Authors: Sobota Tomasz 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The knowledge of the heat transfer coefficient is important for the proper design of heat exchangers as well as for the determination of the working medium outlet temperatures. This paper aims to present a method of simultaneous determination of coefficients in correlation formulas for the Nusselt number on both sides of the heat transfer surface.

Design/methodology/approach
The idea of the developed method is based on determining such a values of the coefficients in Nusselt number correlations that fulfill the condition of equality between the measured and calculated temperature at the outlet of heat exchanger in terms of least squares method. To test the proposed method, a special experimental installation was built. The heat transfer in helically coiled tube-in-tube heat exchanger was examined for the wide range of temperature changes and volumetric flow rates of working fluid.

Findings
The simulation results were validated with an experimental data. The results show that the heat transfer coefficient of the counter-current is higher than the co-current flow in helically coiled heat exchanger. This phenomenon can be beneficial particularly in the laminar flow regime.

Research limitations/implications
The correlation for the Nusselt number as a function of the Reynolds and Prandtl numbers for hot and cold liquid was obtained with the least squares method for the experimental data.

Practical implications
The presented method allows for the simultaneous determination of heat transfer coefficient on both sides of the wall without the necessity of indirect calculation of the overall heat transfer coefficient. The presented method can be used in the thermal design of various type heat exchangers.

Originality/value
This work presents the new methodology of determination correlations for the helically coiled tube-in-tube heat exchanger for co-current and counter-current arrangement, which can be used in thermal design.
A novel heat sink design for simultaneous heat transfer enhancement and pressure drop reduction utilizing porous fins and magnetite ferrofluid
Authors: Bezaatpour Mojtaba , Goharkhah Mohammad 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
With development of the modern electronic and mechanical devices, cooling requirement has become a serious challenge. Innovative heat transfer enhancement methods are generally accompanied by undesirable increase of pressure drop and consequently a pumping power penalty. The current study aims to present a novel and easy method to manufacture a mini heat sink using porous fins and magnetite nanofluid (Fe3O4/water) as the coolant for simultaneous heat transfer enhancement and pressure drop reduction.

Design/methodology/approach
A three-dimensional numerical study is carried out to evaluate the thermal and hydrodynamic performance of the mini heat sink at different volume fractions, porosities and Reynolds numbers, using finite volume method. The solver specifications for discretization of the domain involve the SIMPLE, second-order upwind and second order for pressure, momentum and energy, respectively.

Findings
Results show that porous fins have a favorable effect on both heat transfer and pressure drop compared to solid fins. Creation of a virtual velocity slip on the channel-fin interfaces similar to the micro scale conditions and the flow permeation into the porous fins are the main mechanisms of pressure drop reduction. On the other hand, the heat transfer enhancement is attributed to the increase of the solid-fluid contact area and the improvement of the flow mixing because of the flow permeation into the porous fins. An optimal porosity for maximum convective heat transfer enhancement is obtained as a function of Reynolds number. However, taking both pressure drop and heat transfer effects into account, the overall heat sink performance is shown to be improved at high of Reynolds numbers, volume fractions and fin porosities.

Research limitations/implications
Thermal radiation and gravity effects are ignored, and thermal equilibrium is assumed between solid and fluid phases.

Originality/value
A maximum of 32 per cent increase of convective heat transfer is achieved along with a maximum of 33 per cent reduction in the pressure drop using porous fins and ferrofluid in heat sink.
Tourism and involvement of inhabitants in Paris
Authors: Loisy Marine 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the adaptation strategies of inhabitants and the forms of participation they adopt in tourism activities in Paris. As public policies have recently recognized the importance of taking into account inhabitants in the tourism development strategy in Paris and its suburbs, this paper proposes an analysis of the different forms of this participation and its stakes for the territories.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper gathers the first results of a thesis work in anthropology that is based on an ethnographic method combining participant observation, semi-directive interviews and bibliographic work. Observations took place in Paris and in several cities of the Grand Paris with inhabitants involved in tourism activities, or who are experiencing a difficult cohabitation with tourists in their neighborhoods. Thus, some 40 semi-directive interviews were conducted with inhabitants, members of associations and entrepreneurs. There were also participatory observation works within public institutions, mainly at the Paris City Hall, as well as interviews with dozens of tourism professionals from the private, public and associative sectors.

Findings
Not all residents have the same commitment to tourism and they do not all want to meet visitors. The relationship of inhabitants to tourism is complex and heterogenous. Nevertheless, this research shows that the roles played by inhabitants are multiple: producers of tourist services, ambassadors for their city or neighborhood, the permanent resident can also be seen as a product that attracts visitors, and as a tourist himself. The permanent resident offers the possibility of going off the beaten track, and promotes the revalorization of the identity of a territory and its inhabitants.

Originality/value
The originality of this research lies in the choice to focus primarily on the point of view of the visited population in a European capital. Ethnographic work allows for the observation and analysis of practices, in order to understand the stakes of visitor/visitor cohabitation and to anticipate possible movements of anti-tourist rejections.
Barriers of embedding big data solutions in smart factories: insights from SAP consultants
Authors: Li Shuyang , Peng Guo Chao , Xing Fei 
Published: June 2019

PurposeBig data is a key component to realise the vision of smart factories, but the implementation and usage of big data analytical tools in the smart factory context can be fraught with challenges and difficulties. The purpose of this paper is to identify potential barriers that hinder organisations from applying big data solutions in their smart factory initiatives, as well as to explore causal relationships between these barriers.Design/methodology/approachThe study followed an inductive and exploratory nature. Ten in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with a group of highly experienced SAP consultants and project managers. The qualitative data collected were then systematically analysed by using a thematic analysis approach.FindingsA comprehensive set of barriers affecting the implementation of big data solutions in smart factories had been identified and divided into individual, organisational and technological categories. An empirical framework was also developed to highlight the emerged inter-relationships between these barriers.Originality/valueThis study built on and extended existing knowledge and theories on smart factory, big data and information systems research. Its findings can also raise awareness of business managers regarding the complexity and difficulties for embedding big data tools in smart factories, and so assist them in strategic planning and decision making.
Examining social capital and participation in networking sites
Authors: Varshney Tanya , Rajwanshi Rohit 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to understand the internet user behavior, in an online environment, varying due to benefits and risks of social networking sites (SNS). This study focuses on the influence of benefits and risks of SNS on an internet user’s participation and tests the developed research framework.

Design/methodology/approach
A conceptual framework has been developed after reviewing relevant literature followed by hypothesis framing. The framework considers two benefits of using SNS, i.e., utilitarian and hedonic benefits, and two risks online, i.e., word-of-mouth skepticism and online privacy concerns, determining the effect of these four variables on online participation and its effect on online social capital. An advanced PLS-SEM has been used to test the research hypothesis and to test framework. This study is based on a descriptive survey and the data have been collected using online questionnaires. The users of SNS have been targeted as respondents using purposive sampling method.

Findings
This study proposed a positive relationship of utilitarian benefits with online participation while negative relationship of word-of-mouth (WOM) skepticism, and it affirms that online participation is linked significantly in a positive manner with online social capital.

Practical implications
The study is limited to some specific aspects of SNS, and other dimensions may provide newer scope for this research. The research provides a managerial implication, depicting that inculcation of benefit factors and reduction in the risk factors into the SNS or company websites would lead to an increased participation of users.

Originality/value
This research signifies the potential for further research and recommends the tactics for companies to use SNS by identifying benefit factors that encourage participation and it also recommends to proactively take steps to minimize effects of potential risks and challenges in an online environment.
Market-based pricing in B2B service industries
Authors: Indounas Kostis 
Published: June 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the pricing objectives that business-to-business (B2B) service companies pursue to set their prices and to examine the impact of market structure on these objectives.Design/methodology/approachTo achieve the research objectives, data were collected from 193 companies operating in four different B2B service industries.FindingsThe findings of the study indicate that, in the current study, the companies investigated seem to follow various pricing objectives with a particular emphasis being placed on customer-related ones. The study also reveals that the market structure does have an impact on the pricing objectives pursued because different market conditions are found to lead to different pricing objectives.Practical implicationsThe above findings indicate that the managers responsible for setting prices within their firms should follow a “situation-specific approach” and be guided by the unique characteristics of their markets.Originality/valueGiven the lack of similar studies in the existing B2B services literature, the value of the paper is that it represents one of the first attempts to empirically examine this issue.
Organizing supplier interfaces in technological development
Authors: Lind Frida , Melander Lisa 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate supplier interfaces in technological development.

Design/methodology/approach
The theoretical framework is based on the industrial network approach and, in particular, the concept of supplier interfaces (standardized, specified, translational and interactive). The empirical study consists of a case study of a supplier relationship between an established truck manufacturer and one of its partners in technological development. This supplier relationship has its base in joint projects on developments in automation.

Findings
The empirical study provides evidence of three types of interfaces that are characteristic of technological development and discusses their development and how they are used in combination. The three types are follows: specified, translational and interactive. The conclusions show that developing an interface from specified to translational or interactive is challenging and technological development characterized by uncertainty may call for certain interfaces that are not of value in other settings, such as industrial production.

Originality/value
By applying the interface concepts to technological development in collaboration with suppliers and related identifying characteristic interfaces, this paper aims to extend the literature on how suppliers can be engaged in uncertain endeavours such as development projects.
The impact of software company size and culture on commercial real estate location and design
Authors: Starr Christopher W. , Starr Eliza Ruth , Worzala Elaine 
Published: June 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the relationship of software company culture and core values and project management methodologies on the demand for corporate real estate (CRE), impacting decisions regarding location, square footage, office design and amenities.Design/methodology/approachA researcher-administered survey was designed with the assistance of a purposive sample of brokers, architects and interior designers to elicit responses from the CRE officers in software companies at four stages of growth, from small, entrepreneurial startups to large, publicly traded software companies, located in the same metropolitan area of the USA. Quantitative responses are summarized with traditional statistics and data visualizations. Linguistic analysis, including sentiment analysis and keyword relevance, was performed on the unstructured, English text responses.FindingsDifferences exist in the office layouts, amenities and locations across the four software company size categories studied. Linguistic analysis of company descriptions of office design, culture and core values, and the relationship between the two, provide another way for brokers, investors and other stakeholders to understand company perspectives and communication idioms related to CRE needs. The research was unable to show any differences in any dependent variable based on software project management methodologies due to sampling limitations.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is limited by the sample size of the participating software companies based on access to company leadership. Results are not generalizable.Practical implicationsArchitects, investors, brokers and lenders may find value in using this study’s approach to better understand the needs of software technology clients. Specifically, stakeholders may find value in examining the linkage from software company size, culture and core values to CRE office layout, amenities and location.Originality/valueThe qualitative findings suggest that software company culture and core values and company size influence the design of the CRE demanded by software companies. Multivariate data visualization was designed to communicate longitudinal CRE data. Linguistic analysis was used to extract the emotional content and relevance scores from company descriptions of office design, company culture and core values and the reported effect of culture and core values on office design. Findings may be beneficial for stakeholders involved in the design, location and future CRE investments, and they suggest the need for future research on a larger sample.