bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutrient uptake in a simplified stream channel: Experimental manipulation of hydraulic residence time and transient storage
Authors: Cunha Davi Gasparini Fernandes , Finkler Nícolas Reinaldo , Calijuri Maria do Carmo , Covino Timothy P. , Tromboni Flavia , Dodds Walter K. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractStream restoration efforts have aimed at increasing hydraulic residence time (HRT) and transient storage (TS) to enhance nutrient uptake, but there have been few controlled studies quantifying HRT and TS influences on nutrient uptake dynamics. We assessed the effects of HRT and TS on ammonium (NH4+) and phosphate (PO43−) uptake through controlled experiments in an artificial channel draining a pristine tropical stream. We experimentally dammed the channel with artificial weirs, to progressively increase HRT, and performed NH4+ and PO43− additions to estimate uptake each time a weir was added. We also ran consecutive additions of NH4+ and PO43− with no weirs, to evaluate short‐term changes in uptake metrics. Also, NH4+ was injected alone to assess potential nitrification. We observed that NH4+ and PO43− uptake rates were much greater in the very first addition, probably due to luxury uptake. The weirs increased mean HRT (from 8.5 to 12 min) and depth (from 6.5 to 8.9 cm) and decreased mean water velocity (0.40–0.28 m s−1). Surprisingly, damming decreased the relative size of transient storage zone (storage zone area/channel area, As/A from 0.72 to 0.55), indicating that greater depth increased A, but not As. Greater HRT increased uptake rates and velocities of both nutrients (p < 0.05). The NH4+ conversion to NO3− was estimated at 18% of NH4+ consumption, indicating that joint additions to measure NH4+ and NO3− uptake would not be feasible in this system. Our results suggest that increases in HRT can lead to a greater short‐term retention of nutrients, with implications for stream management and restoration initiatives.
Paediatric Anti‐Müllerian Hormone measurement: Male and female reference intervals established using the automated Beckman Coulter Access AMH assay
Authors: Jopling Helen , Yates Allen , Burgoyne Nicholas , Hayden Katharine , Chaloner Christopher , Tetlow Lesley 
Published: July 2018

SummaryObjectiveAnti‐Müllerian Hormone (AMH) concentration is high at birth in males, demonstrating the presence of functional testicular tissue in the prepubertal period, and acting as a useful marker in the investigation of paediatric reproductive disorders. AMH also provides a tool in the investigation of female virilization, premature ovarian failure and polycystic ovarian syndrome in childhood. Robust, assay‐specific paediatric AMH reference intervals are therefore required for clinical interpretation of results. The aim of this study was to derive age‐specific AMH reference intervals for males and females aged 0‐18 years.Design and PatientsPlasma samples were obtained from patients at Royal Manchester Children's Hospital and analysed for AMH using the automated Beckman Coulter Access AMH Assay. Patients under investigation for paediatric reproductive or endocrine disorders were excluded from the study.MeasurementsSeven hundred and 2 patient plasma samples (465 male, 237 female) were subject to AMH measurement, and results were analysed in order to derive continuous and discrete reference intervals for the paediatric age range.ResultsClear discrimination between male and female AMH results was evident in the prepubertal age range, with some overlap between the genders following pubertal onset.ConclusionsWe have derived age‐related reference intervals for plasma AMH in the paediatric age range (0‐18 years) using the automated Beckman Coulter Access AMH assay which will aid in the investigation of paediatric endocrine disorders such as disorders of sexual development.
Spectrum matching in licensed spectrum sharing
Authors: Butt M. Majid , Macaluso Irene , Jorswieck Eduard A. , Bradford Julie , Marchetti Nicola , Doyle Linda 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSpectrum sharing is one of the promising solutions to meet the spectrum demand in fifth‐generation networks that results from the emerging services like machine‐to‐machine and vehicle‐to‐infrastructure communication. The idea is to allow a set of entities to access the spectrum whenever and wherever it is unused by the licensed users. In the proposed framework, different spectrum provider (SP) networks with surplus spectrum available may rank the operators requiring the spectrum, called spectrum users (SUs) hereafter, differently in terms of their preference to lease spectrum, based, for example, on target business market considerations of the SUs. Similarly, SUs rank SPs depending on a number of criteria, for example, based on coverage and availability in a service area. Ideally, both SPs and SUs prefer to provide/get spectrum to/from the operator of their first choice, but this is not necessarily always possible due to conflicting preferences. We apply matching theory algorithms with the aim to resolve the conflicting preferences of the SPs and SUs and quantify the effect of the proposed matching theory approach on establishing preferred (spectrum) provider‐user network pairs. We discuss both one‐to‐one and many‐to‐one spectrum sharing scenarios and evaluate the performance using Monte Carlo simulations. The results show that comprehensive gains in terms of preferred matching of the provider‐user network pairs can be achieved by applying matching theory for spectrum sharing as compared with uncoordinated spectrum allocation of the available spectrum to the SUs.
On the origin of lognormal network synchrony in CA1
Authors: Weissenberger Felix , Einarsson Hafsteinn , Matheus Gauy Marcelo , Meier Florian , Mujika Asier , Lengler Johannes , Steger Angelika 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe sharp wave ripple complex in rodent hippocampus is associated with a network burst in CA3 (NB) that triggers a synchronous event in the CA1 population (SE). The number of CA1 pyramidal cells participating in a SE has been observed to follow a lognormal distribution. However, the origin of this skewed and heavy‐tailed distribution of population synchrony in CA1 remains unknown. Because the size of SEs is likely to originate from the size of the NBs and the underlying neural circuitry, we model the CA3‐CA1 circuit to study the underlying mechanisms and their functional implications. We show analytically that if the size of a NB in CA3 is distributed according to a normal distribution, then the size of the resulting SE in CA1 follows a lognormal distribution. Our model predicts the distribution of the NB size in CA3, which remains to be tested experimentally. Moreover, we show that a putative lognormal NB size distribution leads to an extremely heavy‐tailed SE size distribution in CA1, contradicting experimental evidence. In conclusion, our model provides general insight on the origin of lognormally distributed network synchrony as a consequence of synchronous synaptic transmission of normally distributed input events.
Fecal calprotectin correlates with active colonic inflammatory bowel disease but not with small intestinal Crohn's disease activity
Authors: Zittan Eran , Kelly Orlaith B , Gralnek Ian M , Silverberg Mark S , Hillary Steinhart A 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundThe utility of fecal calprotectin (FC) in small intestinal Crohn's disease (CD) is unclear. We examined how reliably FC reflects clinical and mucosal disease activity in small intestinal CD, colonic CD, and ulcerative colitis (UC).MethodsA total of 72 Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) patients (23 colonic CD, 14 isolated small intestinal CD, and 35 UC) were included. Clinical activity was assessed using the Harvey–Bradshaw Index (HBI) (CD) and Mayo score (UC). Inflammatory activity was assessed through ileocolonoscopy, cross‐sectional imaging, C‐reactive protein (CRP), and FC. Clinical activity was defined as HBI > 4 or Mayo clinical score ≥ 3. Endoscopy activity was defined as Mayo endoscopic subscore ≥ 1, SES‐CD score ≥ 3, and Rutgeerts > i1.ResultsIn UC, FC was correlated with the Mayo clinical score (P < 0.0001) and was highly correlated with the total Mayo score (P < 0.0001). A cut‐off value of FC 100 μg/g provided sensitivity of 88% and specificity 100% for endoscopic activity. FC was lower for patients with endoscopic and clinical remission compared to active endoscopic disease (median 100 vs 1180 μg/g, P < 0.0001). In colonic CD, there was a significant correlation between FC and endoscopic activity (P < 0.001). For an FC cut‐off value of 100 μg/g, sensitivity was 100%, and specificity was 67%. In contrast, for isolated small intestinal CD, there was no significant correlation between FC and objective disease activity measured by either endoscopy or imaging (AUC 0.52, P = 0.58).ConclusionFC is reliable for the detection of colonic mucosal inflammation in both UC and CD but is less sensitive and reliable in the detection of small intestinal CD.
Spinning plates: livelihood mobility, household responsibility and anti‐retroviral treatment in an urban Zambian community during the HPTN 071 (PopART) study
Authors: Bond Virginia , Ngwenya Fredrick , Thomas Angelique , Simuyaba Melvin , Hoddinott Graeme , Fidler Sarah , Hayes Richard , Ayles Helen , Seeley Janet ,   the HPTN 071 (PopART) study team
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionQualitative data are lacking on the impact of mobility among people living with HIV (PLHIV) and their decision‐making around anti‐retroviral treatment (ART). We describe challenges of juggling household responsibility, livelihood mobility and HIV management for six PLHIV in urban Zambia.MethodsSix PLHIV (three men and three women, aged 21 to 44) were recruited from different geographic zones in one urban community drawn from a qualitative cohort in a social science component of a cluster‐randomized trial (HPTN071 PopART). Participants were on ART (n = 2), not on ART (n = 2) and had started and stopped ART (n = 2). At least two in‐depth interviews and participant observations, and three drop‐in household visits with each were carried out between February and August 2017. Themed and comparative analysis was conducted.ResultsThe six participants relied on the informal economy to meet basic household needs. Routine livelihood mobility, either within the community and to a nearby town centre, or further afield for longer periods of time, was essential to get by. Although aware of ART benefits, only one of the six participants managed to successfully access and sustain treatment. The other five struggled to find time to access ART alongside other priorities, routine mobility and when daily routines were more chaotic. Difficulty in accessing ART was exacerbated by local health facility factors (congestion, a culture of reprimanding PLHIV who miss appointments, sporadic rationed drug supply), stigma and more limited social capital.ConclusionsUsing a time‐space framework illustrated how household responsibility, livelihood mobility and HIV management every day were like spinning plates, each liable to topple and demanding constant attention. If universal lifelong ART is to be delivered, the current service model needs to adjust the limited time that some PLHIV have to access ART because of household responsibilities and the need to earn a living moving around, often away from home. Practical strategies that could facilitate ART access in the context of livelihood mobility include challenging the practice of reprimand, improving drug supply, having ART services more widely distributed, mapped and available at night and weekends, and an effective centralized client health information system.
Sensing of invading pathogens by GBPs: At the crossroads between cell-autonomous and innate immunity
Authors: Santos José Carlos , Broz Petr 
Published: July 2018

AbstractGuanylate-binding proteins (GBPs) are conserved family of IFN-inducible GTPases that play an important role in the host immunity against bacterial, viral, and protozoan pathogens. GBPs protect the host by associating with intracellular microbes, their vacuolar niche or, in the case of viruses, with their replication complex. This association results in a restriction of the respective pathogen, yet the exact molecular mechanisms of the antimicrobial functions of GBPs are still unclear. Recent work has linked the GBPs with the activation of inflammasomes, multi-protein complexes that assemble upon recognition of pathogen- or host-derived signals and that drive the release of cytokines and host cell death. Here, we will focus on the most recent findings that have started to unravel the manifold restriction mechanism controlled by GBPs in mouse and human cells, and that shed light on the molecular cues that control GBP recruitment to bacterial membranes.Review on the recruitment and effector mechanism of Guanylate-binding proteins in human and mouse cells.
Fisher predation on Canada lynx in the Northeastern United States
Authors: McLellan Scott R. , Vashon Jennifer H. , Johnson Erica L. , Crowley Shannon M. , Vashon Adam D. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTThe geographic range of Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) extends south from Canada into the United States where they are federally protected as a threatened species. Although inadequate protection of habitat on federal lands was the primary reason for listing, the status of lynx in the lower 48 states is not well understood. Thus, we initiated a telemetry study to assess the status of a lynx population in northern Maine, USA. In this manuscript, we present findings on a source of mortality not previously documented. Between 1999 and 2011, we captured 187 lynx, equipped 85 with radio‐collars, and investigated mortalities when they occurred. Predation was the leading source of mortality and accounted for ≥18 of 65 mortalities, 14 of which were attributed to fishers (Martes pennanti). Although fisher predation did not appear to restrict population growth during this study, we recommend that lynx and fishers be monitored where the species coexist to better inform management decisions. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Beneficial effect of laughter therapy on physiological and psychological function in elders
Authors: Yoshikawa Yuki , Ohmaki Etsuko , Kawahata Hirohisa , Maekawa Yoshihiro , Ogihara Toshio , Morishita Ryuichi , Aoki Motokuni 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimIn the present study we investigated the effect of laughter therapy on physiological and psychological function in older people.DesignAn open‐label trial.MethodsSeventeen older people who regularly attended an elderly day care centre were recruited. Stand‐up comedy as laughter therapy was performed once a week for 4 weeks. Parameters of physiological and psychological function were evaluated before and after laughter therapy.ResultsLaughter therapy intervention resulted in a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure and heart rate, accompanied by a significant increase in plasma concentration of serotonin and a significant decrease in salivary concentration of chromogranin A. Questionnaire surveys of SF‐8, GDS‐15, and Vitality Index demonstrated alleviation of depression and improvement of sociability and activity in older people. Laughter therapy could be expected to become a practical treatment to improve quality of life of older people in an elderly day care centre.
Human telomerase protein: Understanding how the catalytic activity is suppressed under single substitutions of some conserved residues. A computational study
Authors: Herrera Fernando E. , Sferco Silvano J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe reverse transcriptase domain in telomerase proteins contains the essential conserved residues to catalyze the addition of a single nucleotide to the ends of DNA strands of most eukaryotic cells. In human telomerase protein, mutations in the conserved residues K902, R631, K626, D712, D868, and D869 are known to suppress catalytic activity. To understand these results, a computational model was constructed to simulate a ternary complex consisting of a model of the protein reverse transcriptase domain, a DNA/RNA double helix, an incoming dNTP, and two Mg2+ ions. Three independent Molecular Dynamics Simulations were performed for the wild type and the mutated K902N, R631Q, D712A, D868A, and D869A complexes. Binding Free Energies and alanine‐scanning studies were also performed. Using the two‐metal‐ion mechanism for the nucleotide addition, deviations from the wild type which stop the activity of the human protein, were identified in each mutated complex. The K902N and R631Q mutations might stop the catalytic activity preventing the exit of the pyrophosphate from the catalytic pocket. Additionally, evidence that the same mechanism probably applies to the K626A, R631A, and K902A mutations is presented. For D712A mutation, the pentavalent intermediate state might not form; therefore, the catalytic reaction might not even begin. For the D868A mutation, the O3′‐hydroxyl might lose coordination with the Mg ion and the reaction might not either start. Finally, from the limited sampling carried out in this work, we did not obtain any evidence to identify the mechanism by which the D869A mutation cancels the activity of telomerase.
Synthesis of Novel Pyrido[2′, 3′:3,4]Pyrazolo[1, 5‐a]Quinazoline Derivatives, Their Biological Evaluation and Molecular Modelling Studies
Authors: Kumar Nagiri Ravi , Swaroop Desireddy Krishna , Punna Nagender , Sirisha Kanugala , Ganapathi Thipparapu , Kumar Chityal Ganesh , Narsaiah Banda 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA series of novel ethyl 9‐(trifluoromethyl) pyrido [2′, 3′:3,4]pyrazolo[1, 5‐a]quinazoline‐8‐carboxylate 4, 9‐(trifluoromethyl)pyrido[2′, 3′:3,4]pyrazolo[1, 5‐a]quinazoline‐8‐carboxylic acid 5, aryl amide functionalized pyrido[2′, 3′:3,4]pyrazolo [1, 5‐a] quinazoline derivatives 6 a‐f, secondary amide functionalized pyrido[2′, 3′:3,4] pyrazolo[1, 5‐a]quinazoline derivatives 7 a‐d and primary amide functionalized pyrido[2′, 3′:3,4]pyrazolo[1, 5‐a] quinazoline derivatives 8 a‐h were prepared starting from 2(1H)pyridone 1. All the compounds were evaluated for antibacterial activity against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacterial strains and the compounds 5, 6 a, 6 c, 6 f, 7 a, 8 c, 8 f and 8 h exhibited promising antibacterial activity against various bacterial strains. Compound 5 showed high antibacterial (MIC value of 3.9 μg/mL) and broad‐spectrum anti bio‐film activity. Compound 5 and 8 b also showed good antifungal activity against the tested panel of various Candida strains. Molecular docking studies revealed that, the compound 5 and 8 b showed good binding interactions and corroborates with the antifungal results. All the compounds also screened for cytotoxicity and the compounds 7 d, 8 a, 8 b and 8 d exhibited above 90% inhibition against MCF7 (breast) cancer cell line and the compounds 6 d, 7 a, 8 a, 8 b, 8 f and 8 g exhibited above 90% inhibition against SKOV3 (ovarian) cell line, with reference to Doxorubicin (Control) drug in terms of inhibition.
Synthesis and Structure of Novel Tin Complexes Containing Aminoalkoxide Ligands
Authors: Han Seong Ho , Jung Eun Ae , Lee Ji Hun , Kim Da Hye , Lee Ga Yeon , Park Bo Keun , Kim Chang Gyoun , Son Seung Uk , Chung Taek‐Mo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this work, novel aminoalkoxide tin(II) compounds, [3‐(dimethylamino)propoxy]tin [Sn(dmap)2] (1), [4‐(dimethylamino)‐2‐methylbutoxy]tin [Sn(damb)2] (2), [4‐(dimethylamino)‐2‐methylpentoxy]tin [Sn(damp)2] (3), and [4‐(dimethylamino)‐2, 3‐dimethylbutoxy]tin [Sn(dadb)2] (4), were prepared by reacting Sn[N(SiMe3)2]2 with two molar equivalents of the respective aminoalcohols. The newly synthesized complexes were fully characterized by spectroscopic methods (IR, MS) and elemental analysis. The molecular structures of compounds 1 and 3 were further examined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The X‐ray structures of 1 and 3 revealed that the former complex was triclinic with tin as the central metal ion in trigonal bipyramidal geometry with uncoordinated nitrogen atoms while the latter complex was monomeric with the tin center in trigonal bipyramidal geometry. Thermal properties of the precursors were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis.
A Molecular Hybridization Approach for Simple and Expeditious Synthesis of Novel Spiro[oxindoline‐3, 4′‐isoxazolo[5, 4‐b]pyrazolo[4, 3‐e]pyridines] in Water
Authors: Kalita Subarna Jyoti , Deka Dibakar Chandra 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA simple, general and straightforward synthesis of novel spiro[oxindoline‐3, 4′‐isoxazolo[5, 4‐b]pyrazolo[4, 3‐e]pyridines] by one‐pot three‐component reaction of isatins, 5‐aminopyrazoles and 5‐aminoisoxazoles in water using p‐toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (p‐TSA.H2O) as the catalyst is described. The notable advantages of the protocol are good to excellent yields, short reaction time, simple purification process involving no chromatographic technique, use of water as the solvent system, application of p‐TSA.H2O as cost‐effective catalyst, mild reaction conditions and operational simplicity that make the protocol highly attractive.
Syntheses, Structures and Magnetic Properties of Rare Earth Metal‐Organic Frameworks (REMOFs) Templated by Silicotungstic Heteropolyanion
Authors: Qin Tianzhu , Cao Feng , Zhu Wenhua , Dai Yong , Zhang Meng , Zhang Yu , Zhang Chi , Wang Juan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTwo new rare earth metal‐organic frameworks (REMOFs) [Ln(pydc)(H2O)4]4SiW12O40⋅xH2O (Ln= Pr (1), Nd (2) ; pydc=2,6‐pyridine dicarboxylic acid; x= 4.51, 4.64) have been hydrothermally synthesized. The compounds are isostructural, and each possesses a 3D zeolite‐like cationic framework with the GIS topology. The typical Keggin‐anions [SiW12O40]4− are located in the nano‐sized cages through electrostatic interaction and strong hydrogen bonding interaction. Our results indicate that Keggin‐type silicotungstic heteropolyanion is an efficient template for the construction and stabilization of 3D REMOFs. Magnetic measurements of compound 2 reveal the presence of a small anisotropy of the NdIII ions. The thermal and solid‐state fluorluminescent properties of both compounds have been investigated as well.
Significant and Synergistic Intensification of Aerobic Oxidation of Activated Alcohols in Water at Ambient Condition by Adding Perfluoro‐Surfactant
Authors: Shen Xianbo , Zhang Qi , Zhang Guoqi , Wang Jianli 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA general strategy for significantly intensifying aerobic oxidation of activated alcohols at “green” surrounding is reported (water as dispersion phase, molecular oxygen as oxidant, under room temperature and one standard atmosphere pressure). The reaction system consists of CuCl/DMAP/TEMPO as catalyst, and critically a certain amount of per‐fluorine surfactant as co‐catalyst. The selective transformation of activated alcohol has been significantly accelerated, with more than 200 times increase of the value of the observed first order rate constant (kobs). A synergistic reaction mechanism was proposed by comparing the types and the loading amount of surfactant. Notably, it was found that the charge of the surfactant determined the location of the active species, which almost dominated the conversion of substrate. This strategy was applicable to a variety of aromatic alcohols and heteroaromatic alcohols. Our work represents an innovative approach in multiphase reaction intensification and will provide some new insights on performing green reactions.
ON PROVIDING EVIDENCE
Authors: Anderson Charity 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTObligations to provide evidence to others arise in many contexts. This paper develops a framework within which to understand what it is to provide evidence to someone. I argue that an initially plausible connection between evidence-providing and evidence-possession fails: it is not the case that in order to count as providing evidence to someone, the intended recipient must have the evidence. I further argue that the following is possible: evidence is provided to an agent, the agent does not have the evidence, but it is not the case that the agent is culpably ignorant of the evidence.