bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a Videoconference-Adapted Version of the Community Diabetes Prevention Program, and Comparison of Weight Loss With In-Person Program Delivery
Authors: Taetzsch Amy , Gilhooly Cheryl H , Bukhari Asma , Das Sai Krupa , Martin Edward , Hatch Adrienne M , Silver Rachel E , Montain Scott J , Roberts Susan B 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Effective, standardized, and easily accessible weight management programs are urgently needed for military beneficiaries. Videoconference interventions have the potential for widespread scaling, and can provide both real time interaction and flexibility in delivery times regardless of location, but there is little information on their effectiveness and acceptability.

Materials and Methods
This study as part of a larger weight loss trial describes the videoconference adaption of Group Lifestyle Balance (GLB) program, a community group-based Diabetes Prevention Program intervention, and provides a comparison of weight loss and meeting attendance between in-person and videoconference delivery modes over 12 weeks in adult family members of military service members. Forty-three participants were enrolled from two military installations and received either the videoconference-adapted or an in-person GLB program in a non-randomized trial design. Differences in program attendance and percent weight lost at 12 weeks were compared by independent samples t-tests and nonparametric methods. Group differences in the percentage of weight lost over the 12-week period were analyzed using a linear mixed model.

Results
All GLB intervention components were successfully delivered by videoconference with minor adaptations for the different delivery mechanism. Participant retention was 70% and 96% in the in-person and videoconference groups, respectively (p = 0.04). Completing participants in both groups lost a significant percent body weight over the 12 week intervention (p &lt; 0.001) and there was no difference in percent body weight after 12 weeks of intervention (6.2 ± 3.2% and 5.3 ± 3.4% for in-person and videoconference at 12 weeks, respectively; p = 0.60).

Conclusion
This study describes the first videoconference adaption of the GLB program for use in military families. Attrition was lower in the videoconference group, and there were a similar levels of weight loss in both groups regardless of delivery modality. Videoconference weight loss interventions are effective and feasible for scaling to support healthy weight management in military as well as civilian populations.
More of me! Less of me!: Reflexive Imperativism about Affective Phenomenal Character
Authors: Barlassina Luca , Hayward Max Khan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractExperiences like pains, pleasures, and emotions have affective phenomenal character: they feel pleasant or unpleasant. Imperativism proposes to explain affective phenomenal character by appeal to imperative content, a kind of intentional content that directs rather than describes. We argue that imperativism is on the right track, but has been developed in the wrong way. There are two varieties of imperativism on the market: first-order and higher-order. We show that neither is successful, and offer in their place a new theory: reflexive imperativism. Our proposal is that an experience P feels pleasant in virtue of being (at least partly) constituted by a Command with reflexive imperative content (1), while an experience U feels unpleasant in virtue of being (at least partly) constituted by a Command with reflexive imperative content (2): More of P!Less of U!If you need a slogan: experiences have affective phenomenal character in virtue of commanding us Get more of me! Get less of me!
Non-pharmacological Considerations in Human Research of Nicotine and Tobacco Effects: A Review
Authors: Schlagintweit Hera E , Perry Robin N , Darredeau Christine , Barrett Sean P 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Human research of nicotine and tobacco effects demonstrates that non-pharmacological factors may systematically affect responses to administered substances and inert placebos. Failure to measure or manipulate these factors may compromise study reliability and validity. This is especially relevant for double-blind placebo-controlled research of nicotine, tobacco, and related substances. In this article, we review laboratory-based human research of the impact of non-pharmacological factors on responses to tobacco and nicotine administration. Results suggest that varying beliefs about drug content and effects, perceptions about drug use opportunities, and intentions to cease drug use systematically alter subjective, behavioral, and physiological responses to nicotine, tobacco, and placebo administration. These non-pharmacological factors should be considered when designing and interpreting the findings of human research of nicotine and tobacco effects, particularly when a double-blind placebo-controlled design is used. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed, and we propose methodological strategies to enhance the reliability and validity of future research.

Implications
Growing research demonstrates that non-pharmacological factors systematically alter responses to acute nicotine, tobacco, and placebo administration. Indeed, varying beliefs about nicotine and/or tobacco administration and effects, differing perceptions about nicotine and/or tobacco use opportunities, and inconsistent motivation to quit smoking have been found to exert important influences on subjective, physiological, and behavioral responses. These variables are infrequently measured or manipulated in nicotine and tobacco research, which compromises the validity of study findings. Incorporating methodological strategies to better account for these non-pharmacological factors has the potential to improve the quality of addiction research and treatment.
Magnetic field structure in Serpens South
Authors: Kusune Takayoshi , Nakamura Fumitaka , Sugitani Koji , Sato Shuji , Tamura Motohide , Kwon Jungmi , Dobashi Kazuhito , Shimoikura Tomomi , Wu Benjamin 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We made near-infrared polarimetric observations toward Serpens South. This region contains three dense filaments that are roughly parallel to one another. Using the histogram of relative orientations, the three filaments are found to be roughly perpendicular to the global magnetic field. The morphology of the plane-of-sky (POS) magnetic field and molecular gas suggests that the magnetic field plays an important role in the filament formation and evolution. Applying the Davis–Chandrasekhar–Fermi method, the POS magnetic field strengths are estimated to be 10–80$\, \mu$G. The evaluated mass-to-flux ratios indicate that the center filament is magnetically supercritical, while the others are approximately magnetically critical. We speculate that the filaments are formed by fragmentation of a sheet-like cloud that was created through the gravitational contraction of a magnetized, turbulent cloud.
Small Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus
Authors: Jeene Paul M. , Geijsen Elisabeth D. , Muijs Christina T. , Rozema Tom , Aleman Berthe M.P. , Muller Karin , Baas Jara M. , Nuyttens Joost J. , Wouterse Sanne , Braam Pètra M. , Oppedijk Vera , Ceha Heleen M. , Cnossen Jeltsje , Spruit Patty , Bongers Eva M. , Berbée Maaike , Mook Stella , Hulshof Maarten C.C.M. 
Published: April 2019

Background and Purpose:
Small cell carcinoma of the esophagus (SCEC) is a rare subtype of esophageal cancer for which optimal treatment is unknown. We analyzed the impact of treatment factors on outcome in patients with nonmetastasized SCEC.

Methods:
Patients with a histologically confirmed SCEC without distant metastases were analyzed in a nationwide multicenter retrospective cohort. All patients received radiotherapy as part of curative treatment between January 2000 and December 2014. Details on treatment and outcome were retrieved from individual charts. Cox regression analysis was used to determine prognostic factors for survival.

Results:
Fifty-eight patients were analyzed. Median survival was 16 months (95% confidence interval, 11-21 mo). Infield recurrences occurred in 25%, distant metastases in 45%, and brain metastases in 12%. In total, 63% of patients developed a recurrence. Most recurrences (67%) occurred within 1 year. In univariable analyses an increased number of chemotherapy cycles (>3) and lower radiotherapy doses (<45 Gy) were associated with improved survival. T-stage, N-stage, treatment period, type of chemotherapy, prophylactic cranial irradiation, and age were not associated with survival. In multivariable analyses, only the number of chemotherapy cycles was associated with better survival (hazard ratio, 0.78; P=0.006).

Conclusions:
SCEC recurs frequently at distant sites after definitive chemoradiotherapy and usually within 1 year after curative treatment. With a dose of 45 to 50 Gy, infield recurrence rate was low. We found a relationship between number of received chemotherapy cycles and survival with best results obtained after at least 4 cycles of chemotherapy.
Impact of obesity on male and female reproductive outcomes
Authors: Glenn Tanya , Harris Amy L. , Lindheim Steven R. 
Published: April 2019

Purpose of review
The association between obesity and infertility has gained increasing provider and public awareness. The purpose of this review is to outline the recent research into the pathophysiology regarding obesity and its impact of reproductive function in both women and men.

Recent findings
A BMI more than 25 has a detrimental impact on the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis in both men and women, leading to alterations of HPG hormones, gametogenesis, as well as an increase in inflammation and lipotoxicity from excessive adipose tissue. Additionally, BMI likely impacts assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes, with a greater influence on women than men. Studies regarding weight loss interventions are heterogenous in methods and outcomes, and it is difficult to extrapolate from current data if weight loss truly leads to improved outcomes.

Summary
Elevated BMI induces changes in the HPG axis, hormone levels, gametogenesis, and adverse ART outcomes. Inconsistencies regarding weight loss interventions make it difficult to assess the impact on outcomes after weight loss interventions.
Sexual frequency and pain in a randomized clinical trial of vaginal estradiol tablets, moisturizer, and placebo in postmenopausal women
Authors: Mitchell Caroline M. , Guthrie Katherine A. , Larson Joseph , Diem Susan , LaCroix Andrea Z. , Caan Bette , Shifren Jan L. , Woods Nancy F. , Heiman Julia R. , Lindau Stacy T. , Reed Susan D. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Objective:
To evaluate the efficacy of two common interventions for bothersome postmenopausal vaginal symptoms on improving sexual frequency and pain.

Methods:
This is a post-hoc analysis of data from a 12-week double-blind placebo-controlled trial that randomized postmenopausal women (ages 45-70 years) with moderate-severe genitourinary discomfort to vaginal 10 μg estradiol tablet plus placebo gel (n = 102), placebo tablet plus vaginal moisturizer (n = 100), or dual placebo (n = 100). Outcomes were proportion of sexually active women at 12 weeks, frequency of sexual activity, and pain severity with sexual activity (0-3 scale). Consistent with the original study design, comparisons were made between each active arm and the dual placebo arm.

Results:
Most women enrolled in the trial, 294/302 (97%), had sufficient data to be included in this analysis. Mean age of participants was 61 years, most were white (88%), college educated (66%), and most reported sexual activity in the month before enrollment (81%). After 12 weeks of treatment, a similar proportion of women in the vaginal estrogen and dual placebo groups reported sexual activity in the past week (50% and 40%; P = 0.10) and the past month (78% and 84%, P = 0.52). Mean (standard deviation) pain with sexual activity scores at 12 weeks were similar between vaginal estrogen (1.0 [1.0]) and placebo (0.9 [0.9], P = 0.52] groups. The proportion sexually active at 12 weeks (35%) and mean (standard deviation) pain severity in the vaginal moisturizer group (1.1 [0.9]) did not differ from placebo (P = 0.36).

Conclusions:
Compared to placebo, neither low-dose vaginal estradiol nor vaginal moisturizer treatment over 12 weeks resulted in significantly greater increases in the proportions of women reporting sexual activity or improvement in pain scores with sexual activity.

Trial registration:
Clinical trials.gov: NCT02516202.
Oral Miltefosine as Adjunctive Treatment for Recalcitrant Acanthamoeba Keratitis
Authors: Dewan Nikhil , Ming Wendy , Holland Simon P. , Yeung Sonia N. , Iovieno Alfonso 
Published: April 2019

Purpose:

Acanthamoeba keratitis is a rare, vision-threatening disease. Commercially available antiamoebics are poorly cysticidal and highly toxic, and therapeutic keratoplasties can be complicated by recurrence or graft failure. We aimed to discuss the use of oral miltefosine for treatment of recalcitrant Acanthamoeba keratitis.

Methods:
A 44-year-old contact lens wearer presented with a 2-week history of red painful eye and decreasing vision. After poorly responding to topical corticosteroid on the presumptive diagnosis of anterior uveitis, she developed radial keratoneuritis. Corneal scraping was positive for Acanthamoeba. No clinical response to treatment was observed with topical chlorhexidine 0.02%, polyhexamethylene biguanide 0.02%, and oral voriconazole. She then underwent 2 therapeutic keratoplasties with prompt recurrence of the disease in the keratoplasty graft.

Results:
Oral miltefosine was added to the treatment. She underwent a third penetrating keratoplasty 8 months later. The excised button was negative for amoeba. She continued miltefosine for 3 more months. No recurrence was observed after 30 months.

Conclusions:
This case shows resolution of recalcitrant Acanthamoeba keratitis with oral miltefosine in an immunocompetent patient. Further clinical evidence would be needed to possibly incorporate this medication in the antiamoebic armamentarium.
Arteriovenous malformations respond poorly to argon plasma coagulation in patients with continuous flow left ventricular assist devices
Authors: Zikos Thomas A. , Namdaran Parhum , Banerjee Dipanjan , Friedland Shai , Pan Jennifer Y. 
Published: April 2019

Background
Gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with continuous flow left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) causes significant morbidity. Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) cause 30–60% of bleeds, yet the efficacy of endoscopic interventions and risk factors for rebleeding have not been studied.

Patients and methods
The charts of all LVAD patients undergoing endoscopy for gastrointestinal bleeding at Stanford between January 2010 and December 2017 were reviewed. Cox proportional hazard modeling was used to evaluate risk factors for rebleeding, including the type of endoscopic treatment, patient characteristics, and endoscopic findings.

Results
Of 54 total LVAD patients presenting with gastrointestinal bleeding, 23 (42.6%) had AVMs documented on endoscopy. Treatment with argon plasma coagulation (APC) alone was associated with a higher risk of rebleeding compared to no treatment [hazard ratio (HR)=4.77, P=0.012], and compared with clip±APC (HR=7.47, P=0.012). The 90-day bleed-free rate was 10.9% with APC, 100% with clipping±APC, and 83.3% with no endoscopic treatment. Additional risk factors for rebleeding included the presence of gastric AVMs (HR=3.64, P=0.024), and presence of hematochezia (HR=5.15, P=0.05). In a multiple Cox regression model, only the presence of gastric AVMs (HR=5.50, P=0.029) and APC use (HR=14.3, P=0.008) remained significant predictors of rebleeding.

Conclusion
The use of APC alone for the treatment of AVMs in LVAD patients had a high failure rate. The presence of gastric AVMs was a significant risk factor for rebleeding in LVAD patients. Management decisions should take these factors into account.
Telehealth Etiquette Training
Authors: Gustin Tina Sweeney , Kott Karen , Rutledge Carolyn 
Published: April 2019

Background
Telehealth technologies have increased in many health care settings. However, much of the training that occurs regarding telehealth is vendor driven. Training that is typically offered focuses on technical aspects of using telehealth equipment, legal issues, and reimbursement. Rarely does industry training involve soft skills or “screen side etiquette” unique to telehealth encounters.

Purpose
The purpose of this article is to present a training program that prepares students with the unique skill set necessary to conduct telehealth visits.

Methods
A training program was developed to teach health care students (n = 103) proper telehealth etiquette. Preprogram and postprogram data were collected on students' understanding of telehealth etiquette.

Results
Results demonstrate significant improvement in knowledge in all areas of telehealth etiquette following the program.

Conclusion
Students recognized some improper telehealth etiquette prior to the program but improved significantly following the program.
Head Motion Predicts Transient Loss of Consciousness in Human Head Trauma
Authors: Fogarty Alexandra E. , Guay Christian S. , Simoneau Gabrielle , Colorado Berdale S. , Segal G. Ross , Werner J. Kent , Ellenbogen Jeffrey M. 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveConcussion with transient loss of consciousness is a commonly observed but poorly understood phenomenon with mounting clinical significance. This study aimed to examine the relationship between head motion in varying planes and transient loss of consciousness in athletes with brain injuries.Study DesignA case-control design was used. The Ultimate Fighting Championship database was screened for events ending with knockouts from 2013 to 2016. Time of strike, striking implement, strike location, and head motion were recorded for all knockout strikes (cases) and for a subset of nonknockout strikes (controls). Characteristics of winners and losers were compared using two-tailedttests. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine odds ratios for strike characteristics associated with transient loss of consciousness. The Kaplan-Meier estimate was used to describe the temporal distribution of knockouts.ResultsOne hundred thirty-six fights were identified and 110 videos were included. Head motion in the axial plane was strongly associated with transient loss of consciousness (odds ratio, 45.3; 95% confidence interval, 20.8–98.6). Other predictors of transient loss of consciousness were head motion in sagittal and coronal planes, nonfist striking implements, and strikes to the mandible or maxilla. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve demonstrated a decreasing rate of knockouts through time.ConclusionsRotational head acceleration, particularly in the axial plane, is strongly associated with transient loss of consciousness.
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Uptake of Intrathyroid Metastasis of Midgut Neuroendocrine Tumor on 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT and 177Lu-DOTATATE Imaging
Authors: Vija Racaru Lavinia , Sinigaglia Mathieu , Fontaine Sebastien , D'Aure Dominique , Courbon Frederic , Dierickx Lawrence 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
A 58-year-old woman with 5-year history of grade 1 progressive metastatic intestinal neuroendocrine tumor with metachronous liver metastases initially treated by surgery and liver embolization underwent 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT before 177Lu-DOTATATE therapy. 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT revealed increased uptake in several liver metastases and right iliac lymph nodes, consistent with radiopeptide therapy, including a hypodense isthmic thyroid nodule. Fine needle ultrasound-guided biopsy of the thyroid nodule was realized. Immunohistochemistry was positive for CD56, chromogranin, and synaptophysin and negative for calcitonin, confirming neuroendocrine tumor intrathyroid metastasis. 177Lu-DOTATATE SPECT/CT showed therapeutic uptake on the thyroid metastasis.
Concurrent Metastatic Pheochromocytomas and Lung Adenocarcinoma on 18F-FDG and 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT Images
Authors: Cheng Zhaoting , Zou Sijuan , Song Shuang , Zhu Xiaohua 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Both 18F-FDG and 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT are used in the evaluation of pheochromocytomas. We reported 18F-FDG and 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT findings in a 60-year-old man who had recurrent metastatic pheochromocytoma coexisting with lung adenocarcinoma. The metastatic pheochromocytoma showed increased activity on both 18F-FDG and 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT, whereas the lung adenocarcinoma lesion showed no obvious DOTATATE activity.
Tracheal Lymphoepithelioma-Like Carcinoma on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Shao Dan , Ding Wenshuang , Wang Siyun , Liang Jiawei , Wang Shuxia 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) in the trachea is an extremely rare disease. We present a case of a 64-year-old man with FDG-avid tracheal LELC on 18F-FDG PET/CT. Despite its rarity, LELC in the trachea should be considered as one of the possibilities in patients with a hypermetabolic mass in the trachea. If LELC in the trachea is suspected, 18F-FDG PET/CT is a useful tool for initial staging.
Comparison of RECIST, iRECIST, and PERCIST for the Evaluation of Response to PD-1/PD-L1 Blockade Therapy in Patients With Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Beer Lucian , Hochmair Maximilian , Haug Alexander R. , Schwabel Bernhard , Kifjak Daria , Wadsak Wolfgang , Fuereder Thorsten , Fabikan Hannah , Fazekas Andreas , Schwab Sophia , Mayerhoefer Marius E. , Herold Christian , Prosch Helmut 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
The aim of this study was to compare the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1, the immune RECIST (iRECIST) criteria, and the Positron Emission Tomography Response Criteria in Solid Tumors (PERCIST) 1.0 in patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer treated with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death protein 1 ligand (PD-L1) inhibitors.

Methods
This prospective study of 42 patients treated with a PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor was approved by our institutional review board, and all patients gave written, informed consent. Tumor burden dynamics were assessed on 18F-FDG PET/CT before and after treatment initiation. Immunotherapeutic responses were evaluated according to RECIST 1.1, iRECIST, and PERCIST 1.0 for the dichotomous groups, responders versus nonresponders. Cohen κ and Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used to evaluate concordance among these criteria. We assessed progression-free survival and overall survival using the Kaplan-Meier estimator.

Results
The RECIST 1.1 and PERCIST 1.0 response classifications were discordant in 6 patients (14.2%; κ = 0.581). RECIST 1.1 and iRECIST were discordant in 2 patients, who evidenced pseudoprogression after treatment initiation. Median progression-free survival, as well as overall survival, was significantly longer for responders compared with nonresponders for all criteria (P < 0.001), with no significant difference between the 3 criteria (P > 0.05).

Conclusions
RECIST 1.1 and PERCIST 1.0 show only moderate agreement, but both can predict treatment response to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy. In case of pseudoprogression, metabolic tumor activity may help to correctly classify treatment response.