bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epilepsy in systemic lupus erythematosus: prevalence and risk factors
Authors: Hopia L. , Andersson M. , Svenungsson E. , Khademi M. , Piehl F. , Tomson T. 
Published: August 2019

Background and purposeThe aim was to study the prevalence of epilepsy in a hospital‐based systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) cohort and to investigate the relationship between epilepsy and other manifestations of neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE).MethodsThe study population consisted of 440 SLE patients recruited from 1998 to 2012. An epilepsy‐screening questionnaire was sent to all patients, where those screening positive were invited to a neurological examination with documentation of NPSLE symptoms according to the American College of Rheumatology nomenclature. Occurrences of autoantibodies (double stranded DNAantibody, antinuclear antibody, lupus anticoagulant, Sjögren's syndrome A, Sjögren's syndrome B) and the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) were tabulated.ResultsOut of 440 patients, 14% were dead and 2.7% were lost to follow‐up. The questionnaire was sent to 368 patients; 312 (85%) responded. Of these, 131 (42%) screened positive. Epilepsy was confirmed in 36 (11.5%), of whom 30 (83%) had focal onset. Ten (3.2%) patients had isolated or provoked seizures. Manifestations of NPSLE occurred in 50%. The rates of cerebrovascular disease and psychosis were elevated two‐ and three‐fold in NPSLE patients with epilepsy versus NPSLE patients without epilepsy, respectively (P = 0.001 and P = 0.0006). APS was more common in patients with epilepsy compared to epilepsy‐free SLE patients with or without NPSLE (P = 0.02). In 50% of patients with epilepsy, no other etiology than SLE was detected.ConclusionsA high prevalence of epilepsy in SLE patients is reported, with association to concurrent cerebrovascular disease, APS and psychosis. Our findings support the notion of a multifactorial background for epilepsy in SLE including both vascular disease and features consistent with autoimmunity.
A multimodal conversational coach for active ageing based on sentient computing and m‐health
Authors: Griol David , Molina José Manuel , Sanchis Araceli 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAs life expectancy increases, it has become more necessary to find ways to support healthy ageing. A number of active ageing initiatives are being developed nowadays to foster healthy habits in the population. This paper presents our contribution to these initiatives in the form of a multimodal conversational coach that acts as a coach for physical activities. The agent can be developed as an Android app running on smartphones and coupled with cheap widely available sport sensors in order to provide meaningful coaching. It can be employed to prepare exercise sessions, provide feedback during the sessions, and discuss the results after the exercise. It incorporates an affective component that informs dynamic user models to produce adaptive interaction strategies.
Toc‐Tum mini‐games: An educational game accessible for deaf culture based on virtual reality
Authors: Chaves Edilson M. , Braga Paulo Bruno de A. , Montenegro Yuri Fontenelle L. , Rodrigues Vitória B. , Munguba Marilene C. , de Albuquerque Victor Hugo C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHuman hearing is an important sense, which complements the other senses, and is essential for children to begin to acquire basic concepts of the world; however, in severe cases of disability, children become marginalized from these benefits. An example of this is with music, a deaf individual is to be able to perceive it. With this in mind, we developed a novel medical expert system based on virtual reality, called Toc‐Tum mini‐games, applying basic concepts of music in an accessible way to the deaf culture. The intelligent proposed system is validated in two different tests: (a) with the target audience to evaluate the interest in the game and (b) with professionals knowledgeable in the field of music or who have had contact with the deaf, evaluate the impact of the game teaching music to the deaf. The tests with the target audience showed that the methods of interaction allowed the children to understand most of the stages and that they were animated during the test days. Regarding the professionals, they were interested in the possibility of using the proposed system in question, even if some modifications in the design had to be made. The results showed that the Toc‐Tum mini‐games is an intelligent tool capable of introducing music in a playful and manageable way using a virtual environment.
Shifting perceptions of rapid temperature changes’ effects on marine fisheries, 1945–2017
Authors: McClenachan Loren , Grabowski Jonathan H. , Marra Madison , McKeon C. Seabird , Neal Benjamin P. , Record Nicholas R. , Scyphers Steven B. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractClimate‐driven warming has both social and ecological effects on marine fisheries. While recent changes due to anthropogenic global warming have been documented, similar basin‐wide changes have occurred in the past due to natural temperature fluctuations. Here, we document the effects of rapidly changing water temperatures along the United States’ east coast using observations from fisheries newspapers during a warming phase (1945–1951) and subsequent cooling phase (1952–1960) of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, which we compared to similar recent observations of warming waters (1998–2017). Historical warming and cooling events affected the abundance of species targeted by fishing, the prevalence of novel and invasive species, and physical access to targeted species. Fishing communities viewed historical cooling waters twice as negatively as they did warming waters (72% vs. 35% of observations). Colder waters were associated with a decrease in fishing opportunity due to storminess, while warming waters were associated with the potential for new fisheries. In contrast, recent warming waters were viewed as strongly negative by fishing communities (72% of observations), associated with disease, reductions in abundances of target species, and shifts in distributions across jurisdictional lines. This increasing perception that warming negatively affects local fisheries may be due to an overall reduction of opportunity in fisheries over the past half century, an awareness of the relative severity of warming today, larger changes in American culture, or a combination of these factors. Negative perceptions of recent warming waters’ effects on fisheries suggest that fishing communities are currently finding the prospect of climate adaptation difficult.
Fish assemblage composition within the floodplain habitat mosaic of a tropical lake (Tonle Sap, Cambodia)
Authors: Pool Thomas , Elliott Vittoria , Holtgrieve Gordon , Arias Mauricio , Altman Irit , Kaufman Leslie , McCann Kevin , Fraser Evan D. G. , Tudesque Loïc , Chevalier Mathieu , Grenouillet Gael , Chea Ratha , Lek Sovan , McMeans Bailey , Cooperman Michael , Phen Chheng , Hannah Lee , Miller Ben , Guo Chuanbo , Nam So 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Understanding how habitat heterogeneity is linked to biodiversity patterns within flood–pulse catchments is needed for their effective conservation. To study those communities, researchers have begun to explore how local environmental factors influence species composition patterns at relatively fine scales within complex habitat mosaics. However, a robust description of the link between communities’ composition and their floodplain habitat characteristics remains poorly articulated.

In the Tonle Sap Lake (TSL) of Cambodia, we evaluated whether mesohabitat‐scale (1–5 km) factors throughout the floodplain structured the fish assemblage temporally and spatially. First, we determined whether TSL fish assemblage changed seasonally and, if so, what assemblage components were driving that change. Second, we determined whether environmental factors structured fish composition across floodplain mesohabitat patches during the wet season. Third, we evaluated whether dominant species displayed affinities for specific areas within the floodplain during the wet season, potentially identifying critical mesohabitat patches for the fish assemblage.

Fish were collected from nine sites along an elevational gradient traversing the floodplain every 3 months from March 2014 through January 2015. Correspondence analysis and analysis of variance were used to assess seasonal variation in the species composition. Canonical correspondence analysis and a mantel test were then used to identify the significance of environmental factors structuring the fish assemblage.

Fish assemblages changed across seasons; in particular, migratory species occurrence decreased during the dry season. During the wet season, the fish assemblage was structured spatially by mesohabitat‐scale factors such as vegetation and water quality. Furthermore, the flooded forest mesohabitat directly adjacent to the permanent lake displayed particularly high species richness and abundance. However, a majority of TSL species appeared to be highly mobile, occurring across multiple floodplain mesohabitats.

We concluded that fish assemblage structure and floodplain mesohabitat use within TSL may depend strongly upon the maintenance of the natural flow regime. Since the flow regime will probably be modified by upstream dam development, trade‐offs will emerge between the cycle of fishing on which local residents depend, and the hydropower and agricultural benefits of damming the Mekong River system.
Passive acoustic monitoring shows no effect of anthropogenic noise on acoustic communication in the invasive round goby (Neogobius melanostomus)
Authors: Higgs Dennis M. , Humphrey Sarah R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPassive acoustic monitoring (PAM) can be a powerful tool to survey populations of soniferous species in natural settings. Using PAM allows monitoring of behaviour and activity unobtrusively to get a more accurate assessment of behavioural responses than traditional techniques. The use of PAM can also be beneficial for behaviourally cryptic species or other taxa that might be missed by more traditional sampling methods.To quantify seasonality of reproduction in an aquatic invasive species and to assess possible interactions between both abiotic and biotic noise and acoustic ecology, we deployed multiple hydrophones to fully characterise the acoustic behaviour of round goby (Neogobius melanostomus), a highly invasive species. We also aimed to quantify levels of anthropogenic noise around the goby communities. We tested correlations of round goby calling rates with overall noise levels and the presence of boat traffic as direct tests of the hypothesised role of noise on natural acoustic behaviour of fish.Round goby showed a clear diel patterning of calling behaviour, with the highest activity during the night and ceasing at midday; supporting the importance of acoustic—as opposed to visual—signalling for mate attraction. Calls also allowed us to pinpoint spawning areas for possible remediation. We saw no correlation between measures of background noise and calling behaviour or presence of boats and calling, suggesting that increased levels of noise have no effect on the natural calling behaviour of this species.Passive acoustic monitoring of round goby calling behaviour is a promising technique for those interested in remediation of this highly invasive species, as it can be difficult to quantify population levels by more conventional means. The lack of noise effects we see suggests that noise from recreational boats does not disrupt signalling in this species with limited hearing range, although more investigation is needed to ascertain whether noise could be a stressor in other contexts.
Intratumoral heterogeneity in programmed death‐ligand 1 immunoreactivity is associated with variation in non‐small cell lung carcinoma histotype
Authors: Naso Julia R , Wang Gang , Pender Alexandra , Wong Selina K , Zhu Jingyao , Ho Cheryl , Ionescu Diana N , Zhou Chen 
Published: August 2019

AimsAccurate assessment of programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) levels in non‐small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) samples is complicated by intratumoral heterogeneity. We aimed to: (i) establish whether intratumoral PD‐L1 variation is associated with differences in local histotype; (ii) identify histotypes associated with a tendency for there to be higher or lower PD‐L1 scores; and (iii) estimate the frequency of clinically significant discordance in PD‐L1 levels between intratumoral histotype areas.Methods and resultsWe reviewed 166 NSCLC resection specimens clinically tested for PD‐L1 with the 22C3 pharmDx assay. Multiple histotypes were present in 55% (68/123) of non‐mucinous adenocarcinoma samples. Solid histotypes had significantly higher PD‐L1 levels than other histotypes, both when samples were grouped by predominant histotype, and when histotype areas within a tumour were compared (P < 0.02). Lepidic areas had significantly lower PD‐L1 levels than other histotype areas within the same tumour (P < 0.02). Discordance between intratumoral histotype areas at a clinically relevant threshold (PD‐L1 tumour proportion score of 1% or 50%) was present in 32% (22/68) of non‐mucinous adenocarcinoma specimens with multiple histotype areas. The lepidic histotype was most frequently involved in discordance.ConclusionsIntratumoral heterogeneity in PD‐L1 is associated with variation in histotype. Over‐representation of solid areas may increase the PD‐L1 score assigned to a tumour, whereas over‐representation of lepidic areas may decrease the PD‐L1 score. Evaluation of how histotype representation impacts on the predictive value of PD‐L1 testing is warranted.
Why does impression management positively influence interview ratings? The mediating role of competence and warmth
Authors: Amaral Amanda A. , Powell Deborah M. , Ho Jordan L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThough interviews assess job applicants' skills and abilities, they can be influenced by extraneous factors, including impression management (IM) tactics. Interviewees’ self‐promotion and ingratiation IM tactics predict higher interview ratings; however, researchers have yet to determine why these tactics work. We assessed whether two fundamental dimensions of social perception, competence and warmth, mediate the relationship between IM tactics and interview ratings. We hypothesized that interviewee competence mediates the relationship between self‐promotion and interview ratings, and interviewee warmth mediates the relationship between ingratiation and interview ratings. Using real employment interviews, we found that competence mediates the relationship between self‐promotion and interview ratings, but warmth did not mediate the relationship between ingratiation and interview ratings in the way we expected.
Variants of consumption‐wealth ratios and predictability of U.S. government bond risk premia
Authors: Çepni Oğuzhan , Gupta Rangan , Wohar Mark E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper compares the ability of alternative consumption‐wealth ratios, based on constant parameter (cay), Markov‐switching (cay
MS), and time‐varying parameter (cay
TVP) cointegration estimation of the consumption function, for predicting in‐ and out‐of‐sample movements of quarterly excess returns of U.S. government bonds over 1953:Q2 to 2015:Q3. Our findings show that after controlling for standard financial and macroeconomic factors, cay outperforms the cay
MS and cay
TVP in predicting the path of excess returns on bonds.
DYRK1A inhibition suppresses STAT3/EGFR/Met signalling and sensitizes EGFR wild‐type NSCLC cells to AZD9291
Authors: Li Yang‐ling , Ding Ke , Hu Xiu , Wu Lin‐wen , Zhou Dong‐mei , Rao Ming‐jun , Lin Neng‐ming , Zhang Chong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDYRK1A is considered a potential cancer therapeutic target, but the role of DYRK1A in NSCLC oncogenesis and treatment requires further investigation. In our study, high DYRK1A expression was observed in tumour samples from patients with lung cancer compared with normal lung tissues, and the high levels of DYRK1A were related to a reduced survival time in patients with lung cancer. Meanwhile, the DYRK1A inhibitor harmine could suppress the proliferation of NSCLC cells compared to that of the control. As DYRK1A suppression might be effective in treating NSCLC, we next explored the possible specific molecular mechanisms that were involved. We showed that DYRK1A suppression by siRNA could suppress the levels of EGFR and Met in NSCLC cells. Furthermore, DYRK1A siRNA could inhibit the expression and nuclear translocation of STAT3. Meanwhile, harmine could also regulate the STAT3/EGFR/Met signalling pathway in human NSCLC cells. AZD9291 is effective to treat NSCLC patients with EGFR‐sensitivity mutation and T790 M resistance mutation, but the clinical efficacy in patients with wild‐type EGFR remains modest. We showed that DYRK1A repression could enhance the anti‐cancer effect of AZD9291 by inducing apoptosis and suppressing cell proliferation in EGFR wild‐type NSCLC cells. In addition, harmine could enhance the anti‐NSCLC activity of AZD9291 by modulating STAT3 pathway. Finally, harmine could enhance the anti‐cancer activity of AZD9291 in primary NSCLC cells. Collectively, targeting DYRK1A might be an attractive target for AZD9291 sensitization in EGFR wild‐type NSCLC patients.
Kin recognition and co‐operative foraging inDrosophila melanogasterlarvae
Authors: Khodaei Lucas , Long Tristan A. F. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA long‐standing goal for biologists and social scientists is to understand the factors that lead to the evolution and maintenance of co‐operative behaviour between conspecifics. To that end, the fruit fly,Drosophila melanogaster, is becoming an increasingly popular model species to study sociality; however, most of the research to date has focused on adult behaviours. In this study, we set out to examine group‐feeding behaviour by larvae and to determine whether the degree of relatedness between individuals mediates the expression co‐operation. In a series of assays, we manipulated the average degree of relatedness in groups of third‐instar larvae that were faced with resource scarcity, and measured the size, frequency and composition of feeding clusters, as well as the fitness benefits associated with co‐operation. Our results suggest that larvalD. melanogasterare capable of kin recognition (something that has not been previously described in this species), as clusters were more numerous, larger and involved more larvae, when more closely related kin were present in the social environment. These findings are discussed in the context of the correlated fitness‐associated benefits of co‐operation, the potential mechanisms by which individuals may recognize kin, and how that kinship may play an important role in facilitating the manifestation of this co‐operative behaviour.
The effects of (E)‐2‐hexenal on morphological, physiological, and biochemical indices of postharvest disease Penicillium cyclopium spores
Authors: Ma Shuang , Zhang Jihong , Chen Shaoyang , Zeng Li 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe study investigated the effects of (E)‐2‐hexenal on morphology and function of Penicillium cyclopium spores, and these conidia were treated with (E)‐2‐hexenal at various concentrations. (E)‐2‐hexenal at 8× minimum fungicidal concentration (8× MFC, 2560 μl/L) severely damaged conidia membranes through scanning electron microscopy, which resulted in the changes in membrane permeability parameters including the release of intracellular adenosine triphosphate content, loss of 260 nm‐absorbing materials, and the decrease of extracellular pH, the increase in extracellular conductivity, and membrane leakage as determined by propidium iodide staining. (E)‐2‐hexenal (≤2 × MFC, 640 μl/L) always induced superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme activities in P. cyclopium conidia. These results suggest that (E)‐2‐hexenal damages fungal spore membranes, and inhibit spore germination in a dose‐dependent manner, causing a series of changes in membrane permeability parameters, which serves as the inhibitory mechanism of (E)‐2‐hexenal against P. cyclopium.Practical applications(E)‐2‐hexenal treatment significantly resulted in serious detrimental damages in the morphology and function in P. cyclopium spores. The work presented (E)‐2‐hexenal could control fungal pathogens through disruption of cell membrane integrity and membrane permeability. The results revealed that (E)‐2‐hexenal can be used as a new anti‐fungal agent against P. cyclopium.
Patient‐reported effect in patients receiving implant or tooth‐supported fixed prosthesis
Authors: Øzhayat Esben B. , Gotfredsen Klaus 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the patient‐reported effect of treatment with implant‐supported fixed prosthesis (ISFP) and fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) in patients with a small number of tooth losses to replace.MethodsFrom a population of 155 patients receiving either ISFP or FDP, 68 patients were matched in pairs based on gender, number of teeth replaced, zone of replacement, age and number of remaining teeth. The patient‐reported effect was prospectively obtained by measuring change in the short‐form oral health impact (OHIP‐14) from before to one month after treatment. Effect size (ES), standardised response mean (SRM) and a minimal important difference of two units were applied to estimate the magnitude of the change.ResultsBoth the ISFP and FDP groups decreased significantly in OHIP‐14 after treatment (P < .01). The change was not significantly different between the ISFP and FDP groups. The magnitude of the change was for both treatments moderate and slightly higher in the ISFP group (ES = 0.52 and SRM = 0.58) than in the FDP group (ES = 0.48 and SRM = 0.47). Applying the minimal important difference showed that 23 participants in the ISFP group and 21 in the FDP group had good effect.ConclusionsThe patient‐reported effect of treatment with ISFP or FDP was similar, clinically meaningful and of moderate magnitude in patients with a small number tooth losses to replace.