bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Farmer’s Motivation in Aren Sugar Processing Business
Authors: Abdullah W G , Rianse U , Muhidin  , Widayati W , Mihrad E S , Taridala S A A , Rianse I S , Baka W K 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The objectives of the research were to analyze socio-economic characteristics and motivation of farmers in aren sugar processing business in Kolaka District, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. The analysis used in this research was quantitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that average state of socio-economic characteristics of aren sugar farmer that were in the category of productive age, which was 46.12 years old, has fulfil basic education category (9 years education), low category of dependents as many as three people, the Average experience of aren sugar processing business during 18 years, and the average aren trees were tapped as much as seven trees, every day, (b) farmer’s motivation in aren sugar processing business in low category, with the indicator is the motive of imitation, economic, security, affiliations, awards, and self-actualization.
Flower morphology diversity of asam gelugur (Garcinia atroviridis griff, ex t. anders) accessions in several districts of North Sumatera, Indonesian
Authors: Bayu E S , Febrianti W , Damanik R I M 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The research aims to study of flower morphology of G. atroviridis plants in several Districts of North Sumatera. This study was conducted in Asahan, Batubara and Serdang Berdagai districts in February to April 2017, exploration using survey method with IPGRI descriptors guide, and accidental sampling. The research results showed that in three Districts of Sumatera Utara, there are 26 accessions of Asam Gelugur characterized based on morphology of flowers. Based on clustering analysis using the NTSYS-pc Program, all flower morphology data resulted in dendogram with similar coeffisien range from 0.34 to 0.75 into four groups. The first group (I) consists of 16 accessions i.e Asahan, Batubara and Serdang Bedagai districts. The second group (II) in Asahan, Batubara and Serdang Bedagai districts there are 7 accessions The third group (III) consists of two accessions, i.e. Asahan and Batubara Districts. The fourth group (IV) consists of one accession in Serdang Bedagai District is the only outgroup access.
Evapotranspiration and crop coefficient of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) on the main nursery in a greenhouse
Authors: Sigalingging R , Sumono  , Rahmansyah N 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The estimation of crop water requirement is an important part of oil palm plantation because fruit yield of oil palm can be affected by water stress. Evapotranspiration and crop coefficient of oil palm using Tenera variety at 7-12 months old was determined. Soil texture was sandy loam with 73.8 % sand, 10.8 % silt, 15.77 % clay and 1.41 % organic matter. The results showed that the oil palm getting older decreased significantly in bulk density, particle density and porosity of soil caused the root of oil palm enlarged (19.42 g to 53.37 g). This was indicated by increased the dry root weight. On the other hand, the value of evapotranspiration and crop coefficient increased significantly, that was 1.85 to 2.00 mm/day and 0.8 to 0.87 respectively.
Environmental performance, profitability, asset utilization, debt monitoring and firm value
Authors: Bukit R Br , Haryanto B , Ginting P 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The growing issue on firm value shows that firm value is not only determined by the firm ability to increase financial profit, but also by the company's concern in maintaining the environmental condition. The industrial development produces waste that pollutes the environment that has potential to serious impact on the next life. In addition to provide financial benefits, companies are increasingly facing pressure to be socially responsible for the survival of the company. However, past findings demonstrate that the effect of environmental performance, profitability, and asset utilization to the firm’s value are still unclear. This study aims to test whether environmental performance, firm profitability and asset utilization can effectively enhance firm value in two different conditions: intensive debt monitoring and less intensive debt monitoring. Sample of companies is taken from the list of Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period of 2013 to 2015. Using multiple regression analysis, discloses that: in intensive monitoring, managers tend to have high firm value when company has high environmental performance and or high profitability and high asset utilization. Monitoring system needs to be intensified especially for companies with the above characteristics.
AltHapAlignR: improved accuracy of RNA-seq analyses through the use of alternative haplotypes
Authors: Lee Wanseon , Plant Katharine , Humburg Peter , Knight Julian C 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Reliance on mapping to a single reference haplotype currently limits accurate estimation of allele or haplotype-specific expression using RNA-sequencing, notably in highly polymorphic regions such as the major histocompatibility complex.

Results
We present AltHapAlignR, a method incorporating alternate reference haplotypes to generate gene- and haplotype-level estimates of transcript abundance for any genomic region where such information is available. We validate using simulated and experimental data to quantify input allelic ratios for major histocompatibility complex haplotypes, demonstrating significantly improved correlation with ground truth estimates of gene counts compared to standard single reference mapping. We apply AltHapAlignR to RNA-seq data from 462 individuals, showing how significant underestimation of expression of the majority of classical human leukocyte antigen genes using conventional mapping can be corrected using AltHapAlignR to allow more accurate quantification of gene expression for individual alleles and haplotypes.

Availability and implementation
Source code freely available at https://github.com/jknightlab/AltHapAlignR.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The Burden and Benefits of Caregiving: A Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Pristavec Teja 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Informal caregiving to older adults is a key part of the U.S. long-term care system. Caregivers’ experiences consist of burden and benefits, but traditional analytic approaches typically consider dimensions independently, or cannot account for burden and benefit levels and combinations that co-occur. This study explores how benefits and burden simultaneously shape experiences of caregiving to older adults, and factors associated with experience types.

Research Design and Methods
2015 National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) and National Study of Caregiving (NSOC) data were linked to obtain reports from caregivers and recipients. Latent class and regression analysis were conducted on a nationally representative sample of U.S. informal caregivers to older persons.

Results
Five distinguishable caregiving experiences types and their population prevalence were identified. Subjective burden and benefits level and combination uniquely characterize each group. Primary stressors (recipient depression, medical diagnoses), primary appraisal (activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, medical task assistance, hours caregiving), and background/contextual factors (caregiver age, race, relationship to recipient, mental health, coresidence, long-term caregiving) are associated with experience types.

Discussion and Implications
Findings highlight caregivers’ experience multiplicity and ambivalence, and identify groups that may benefit most from support services. In cases where it is not possible to reduce burden, assistance programs may focus on increasing the benefits perceptions.
Activity Patterns and Health Outcomes in Later Life: The Role of Nature of Engagement
Authors: Chen Yu-Chih , Putnam Michelle , Lee Yung Soo , Morrow-Howell Nancy 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe health benefit of activity participation at older ages is documented in the current literature. Many studies, however, only explored the health benefits of engaging in a few activities and did not examine mechanisms connecting activity participation to health. We investigated the pathway between activity and health by testing the mediation role of the nature of engagement (physical, cognitive, and social) on physical, mental, and cognitive health of older adults.Research Design and MethodsWe analyzed data of 6,044 older adults from the 2010 and 2012 Health and Retirement Study linked with 2011 Consumption and Activity Mail Survey. We used latent class analysis to identify the patterns of participating in 33 activities as well as patterns of nature of engagement, and examined how these patterns were associated with cognition, depressive symptoms, and self-rated health in later life.ResultsMeaningful patterns of activity (high, medium, low, passive leisure, and working) and the nature of activity engagement (full, partial, and minimal) were identified. High and working groups, compared to the passive leisure group, showed better health and cognition outcomes. The nature of engagement mediated the relationship between activity patterns and health, especially for older adults who were either full or partially engaged.Discussion and ImplicationsThe nature of engagement may play a more important role than the activity itself in relation to health. Identifying the heterogeneity in activity engagement in later life is critical for tailoring interventions and designing programs that can improve the health of older adults.
BCG Vaccination at Birth and Rate of Hospitalization for Infection Until 15 Months of Age in Danish Children: A Randomized Clinical Multicenter Trial
Authors: Stensballe Lone Graff , Ravn Henrik , Birk Nina Marie , Kjærgaard Jesper , Nissen Thomas Nørrelykke , Pihl Gitte Thybo , Thøstesen Lisbeth Marianne , Greisen Gorm , Jeppesen Dorthe Lisbeth , Kofoed Poul-Erik , Pryds Ole , Sørup Signe , Aaby Peter , Benn Christine Stabell 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Background
The bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine against tuberculosis might reduce the non–tuberculosis-related child mortality rate in low-income settings. We tested the hypothesis that BCG vaccination at birth would reduce early childhood hospitalization for infection in Denmark, a high-income setting. Hospitalization for infection was a secondary outcome in a randomized trial with the primary aim to estimate the potential non-specific effects of BCG vaccination at birth on all-cause hospitalization.

Methods
A total of 4262 children included in the Danish Calmette Study were assigned randomly to either receive the BCG vaccine or not and were followed through the Danish National Patient Register. The outcome was number of hospitalizations for infection until the age of 15 months. Data were analyzed by Cox regression in intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analyses.

Results
In the ITT analysis, we observed 588 hospitalizations for infection (mean, 0.28 hospitalization per child) among the 2129 children allocated to receive the BCG vaccine and 595 hospitalizations for infection (mean, 0.28 hospitalization per child) among the 2133 children allocated to the control group (hazard ratio [HR], 0.99 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.85–1.15]). The PP analysis yielded an HR of 1.00 (95% CI, 0.86–1.16).
Predefined interaction ITT analyses showed that among 740 children with a BCG-vaccinated mother, the HR for BCG-vaccinated children was 0.65 (95% CI, 0.45–0.94); the HR for children who had a non–BCG-vaccinated mother was 1.10 (95% CI, 0.93–1.29) (P = .01, test of no interaction). Cesarean delivery modified the effect of BCG vaccination (HRs, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.54–0.99] in children born by cesarean section vs 1.10 [95% CI, 0.92–1.30] in other children; P = .02). When the outcome was defined as time to first hospitalization, the HR for premature children after BCG vaccination was 1.81 (95% CI, 0.95–3.43), whereas the HR was 0.94 (95% CI, 0.82–1.08) for children born at term (P = .05).

Conclusion
BCG vaccination did not affect the rate of hospitalization for infection up to the age of 15 months in Danish children. In future studies, the role of maternal BCG-vaccination, premature birth, and cesarean delivery needs further exploration.
The Neurologic Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (NANO) Scale as an Assessment Tool for Survival in Patients With Primary Glioblastoma
Authors: Ung Timothy H , Ney Douglas E , Damek Denise , Rusthoven Chad G , Youssef A Samy , Lillehei Kevin O , Ormond D Ryan 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The Neurologic Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (NANO) scale is a standardized objective metric designed to measure neurological function in neuro-oncology. Current neuroradiological evaluation guidelines fail to use specific clinical criteria for progression.

OBJECTIVE
To determine if the NANO scale was a reliable assessment tool in glioblastoma (GBM) patients and whether it correlated to survival.

METHODS
Our group performed a retrospective review of all patients with newly diagnosed GBM from January 1, 2010, through December 31, 2012, at our institution. We applied the NANO scale, Karnofsky performance score (KPS), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scale, Macdonald criteria, and the Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) criteria to patients at the time of diagnosis as well as at 3, 6, and 12 mo.

RESULTS
Initial NANO score was correlated with overall survival at time of presentation. NANO progression was correlated with decreased survival in patients at 6 and 12 mo. A decrease in KPS was associated with survival at 3 and 6 mo, an increase in ECOG score was associated only at 3 mo, and radiological evaluation (RANO and Macdonald) was correlated at 3 and 6 mo. Only the NANO scale was associated with patient survival at 1 yr. NANO progression was the only metric that was linked to decreased overall survival when compared to RANO and Macdonald at 6 and 12 mo.

CONCLUSION
The NANO scale is specific to neuro-oncology and can be used to assess patients with glioma. This retrospective analysis demonstrates the usefulness of the NANO scale in glioblastoma.
Depression Effects on Long-term Prescription Opioid Use, Abuse, and Addiction
Authors: Sullivan Mark D. 
Published: March 2018

Objectives:
Treatment guidelines discourage long-term opioid treatment for patients with chronic pain and major depression, but this treatment occurs commonly, producing higher daily doses, longer duration, and more adverse events.

Materials and Methods:
Review of prospective cohort, retrospective cohort, and other observational studies of the relation between depression and opioid use, abuse, and addiction.

Results:
Depressed patients initiate opioid therapy slightly more often than nondepressed patients, but are twice as likely to transition to long-term use. This adverse selection of high-risk patients with depression into long-term high-dose opioid therapy seems to be a process of self-selection. Opioids may be used by patients with chronic pain and depression to compensate for a reduced endogenous opioid response to stressors. Depressed patients seem to continue opioid use at lower pain intensity levels and higher levels of physical function than do nondepressed patients. In studies that carefully control for confounding by indication, it has been shown that long-term opioid therapy increases the risk of incident, recurrent, and treatment-resistant depression. Depressed patients may tend to overuse opioids because they use them to treat insomnia and stress. Depression also seems to increase the risk of abuse or nonmedical use of prescription opioids among adults and adolescents. This increased rate of nonmedical opioid use may be the path through which depression increases the risk of opioid use disorder among patients with chronic pain.

Discussion:
It is not possible to understand long-term opioid therapy for chronic pain without understanding the close and multifaceted relationship of this therapy with depression.
A Retrospective Estimate of Ear Disease Detection Using the “Red Flags” in a Clinical Sample
Authors: Klyn Niall A. M. , Kleindienst Robler Samantha , Alfakir Razan , Nielsen Donald W. , Griffith James W. , Carlson Deborah L. , Lundy Larry , Dhar Sumitrajit , Zapala David A. 
Published: March 2018

Objectives:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of two red flag protocols in detecting ear diseases associated with changes in hearing.

Design:
The presence of red-flag symptoms was determined in a chart review of 307 adult patients from the Mayo Clinic Florida Departments of Otorhinolaryngology and Audiology. Participants formed a convenience sample recruited for a separate study. Neurotologist diagnosis was the criterion for comparisons.

Results:
Of the 251 patient files retained for analysis, 191 had one or more targeted diseases and 60 had age- or noise-related hearing loss. Food and Drug Administration red flags sensitivity was 91% (confidence interval [CI], 86 to 95%) and specificity was 72% (CI, 59 to 83%). American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery red flags sensitivity was 98% (CI, 95 to 99%) and specificity was 20% (CI, 11 to 32%).

Conclusions:
Stakeholders must determine which diseases are meaningful contraindications for hearing aid use and whether these red-flag protocols have acceptable levels of sensitivity and specificity. As direct-to-consumer models of hearing devices increase, a disease detection method that does not require provider intercession would be useful.
Sedation Intensity in the First 48 Hours of Mechanical Ventilation and 180-Day Mortality: A Multinational Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study*
Authors: Shehabi Yahya , Bellomo Rinaldo , Kadiman Suhaini , Ti Lian Kah , Howe Belinda , Reade Michael C. , Khoo Tien Meng , Alias Anita , Wong Yu-Lin , Mukhopadhyay Amartya , McArthur Colin , Seppelt Ian , Webb Steven A. , Green Maja , Bailey Michael J. 
Published: March 2018

Objectives:
In the absence of a universal definition of light or deep sedation, the level of sedation that conveys favorable outcomes is unknown. We quantified the relationship between escalating intensity of sedation in the first 48 hours of mechanical ventilation and 180-day survival, time to extubation, and delirium.

Design:
Harmonized data from prospective multicenter international longitudinal cohort studies

Setting:
Diverse mix of ICUs.

Patients:
Critically ill patients expected to be ventilated for longer than 24 hours.

Interventions:
Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale and pain were assessed every 4 hours. Delirium and mobilization were assessed daily using the Confusion Assessment Method of ICU and a standardized mobility assessment, respectively.

Measurements and Main Results:
Sedation intensity was assessed using a Sedation Index, calculated as the sum of negative Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale measurements divided by the total number of assessments. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazard models to adjust for relevant covariates. We performed subgroup and sensitivity analysis accounting for immortal time bias using the same variables within 120 and 168 hours. The main outcome was 180-day survival. We assessed 703 patients in 42 ICUs with a mean (sd) Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score of 22.2 (8.5) with 180-day mortality of 32.3% (227). The median (interquartile range) ventilation time was 4.54 days (2.47–8.43 d). Delirium occurred in 273 (38.8%) of patients. Sedation intensity, in an escalating dose-dependent relationship, independently predicted increased risk of death (hazard ratio [95% CI], 1.29 [1.15–1.46]; p < 0.001, delirium hazard ratio [95% CI], 1.25 [1.10–1.43]), p value equals to 0.001 and reduced chance of early extubation hazard ratio (95% CI) 0.80 (0.73–0.87), p value of less than 0.001. Agitation level independently predicted subsequent delirium hazard ratio [95% CI], of 1.25 (1.04–1.49), p value equals to 0.02. Delirium or mobilization episodes within 168 hours, adjusted for sedation intensity, were not associated with survival.

Conclusions:
Sedation intensity independently, in an ascending relationship, predicted increased risk of death, delirium, and delayed time to extubation. These observations suggest that keeping sedation level equivalent to a Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale 0 is a clinically desirable goal.
The Future of Psychotherapy in Turkey
Authors: Yorulmaz Orçun , Sapmaz-Yurtsever Seda , Gökdağ Ceren , Kaçar-Başaran Servet , Göcek-Yorulmaz Ezgi , Yalçin Melikenaz , Tokgünaydin-Aritürk Seda , Erdoğan-Yildirim Zeynep , Olgun-Kaval Nesibe , Görgü-Akçay Nimet Serap 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Making realistic predictions about the future is important in clinical psychology as in many other disciplines. This opinion survey aimed to examine clinical psychologists' predictions for the next 10 years regarding the status of psychotherapy in Turkey in two stages, with 107 participants in one and 69 in the other. The results revealed that the techniques predicted to increase the most in the next decade were the use of eclectic therapy, mindfulness therapy, solution-focused therapy, system/family approaches, and cognitive-behavioral therapy. Among the therapeutic interventions expected to increase in popularity were Internet-based programs, smartphone applications, and problem solving. In terms of type of psychotherapists, family counselors with certificate/graduate degrees and Internet-based treatment programs were expected to become more common, whereas it was considered that shorter treatment formats and crisis intervention approaches would be preferred. In sum, the present findings provide a current overview for Turkey and a comparison with other literature findings.
Improved Health-Related Quality of Life in Older Kidney Recipients 1 Year After Transplantation
Authors: Lønning Kjersti , Heldal Kristian , Bernklev Tomm , Brunborg Cathrine , Andersen Marit Helen , Lippe Nanna von der , Reisæter Anna Varberg , Line Pål-Dag , Hartmann Anders , Midtvedt Karsten 
Published: March 2018

Background
We aimed to evaluate changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients 65 years or older from time of kidney transplantation (KTx) until 1 year postengraftment.

Methods
A single-center prospective study was conducted. HRQoL was measured pre-KTx and at 2, 6, and 12 months postengraftment using self-reported Kidney Disease and Quality of Life short-form version 1.3. Intraindividual scores before and after KTx were evaluated. Liu Comorbidity Index was registered at enlisting. short-form-36 scores were additionally compared with scores from an age-matched population.

Results
From January 1, 2013, until November 30, 2016, a total of 289 waitlisted patients were included. By September 1, 2017, 134 had reached 1 year postengraftment, and valid questionnaires were available in 120 (90%) patients. Mean age at KTx was 71.6 years (±4.3 years), 71% were male. Living donor was used in 21%, and preemptive KTx was performed in 30% of the recipients. Median waiting time for KTx from deceased donor was 16 months (range, 0.6-50.5 months). A total of 79 (66%) recipients had a Liu Comorbidity Index score of 3 or less.
All HRQoL scores except the domain social function improved at 2 months postengraftment and remained stable or continued to improve at 1 year.
HRQoL scores 12 months postengraftment were similar to those described in an age-matched general population except for the domain social function which remained at a significantly lower level. Time in dialysis was the most important variable associated with impaired HRQoL postengraftment.

Conclusions
HRQoL scores showed clinically significant improvement in older KTx recipients 1 year posttransplant.