bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A QR code based tracing method for fresh pork quality in cold chain
Authors: Peng Yaoqi , Zhang Lingxian , Song Zhixing , Yan Jin , Li Xinxing , Li Zhenbo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractFresh pork is a meat that many people choose to eat in daily lives, and it is becoming more important to devise a method for ensuring the quality and safety of fresh pork. Combined with the meat quality of the cold chain and the environmental information collection program, this study presents a QR code based tracing method for a quality tracing system. This method includes a correction recognition test for the final design of the QR code. The results show that QR code can store large amounts of traceability information, with strong error correction capability, and can provide a great advantage in scanning recognition. In the process of consumption, consumers can easily obtain fresh pork quality information by scanning the QR code with a mobile phone, rather than having to choose a piece of meat to purchase based only on a visual observation of the meat.Practical applicationsIn this study, the design of the temperature acquisition scheme was verified in SMEs (small and medium enterprises), the results show that the data transmission is stable. The generated QR codes were tested in some supermarkets, have strong error correction capability, and can meet the retroactive requirements. According to this research, when the damage to the traceability barcode is beyond the range of 30% before the barcode enters circulation, the barcode needs to be reprinted.
Effect of Gum Arabic‐polyvinyl alcohol films containing seed cover extract of Zanthoxylum rhetsa on shelf life of refrigerated ground chicken meat
Authors: Muppalla Shobita R. , Chawla S. P. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to improve shelf life of ground chicken meat in chilled storage by employing active packaging incorporating seed cover extract (SCE) of Zanthoxylum rhetsa. The total phenolic and flavonoid content in SCE was estimated to be 194 and 44.5 mg/g, respectively, in terms of catechin equivalents. SCE scavenged free radicals, exhibited good reducing power, and high antioxidant activity coefficient. SCE was effective against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas fluorescens. The major phenolics compounds identified in SCE were catechin, vanillin, gallic acid, and ferulic acid. SCE was incorporated to get active films of Gum Arabic, polyvinyl alcohol, and sorbitol. Films had good mechanical and barrier properties. Ground chicken meat packed in normal films spoiled in less than 6 days whereas active packaging led to reduction in lipid peroxidation and improvement in shelf life up to 12 days at chilled condition.Practical applicationsGlobally, tonnes of food get wasted annually at retail and consumer level due to lack of proper packaging and storage facilities. Meat is a highly perishable commodity and various strategies are used to preserve it for long time. Packaging and freezing are two important techniques used for this purpose. Freezing is energy intensive and conventional packaging using petroleum‐based polymers leads to burden on environment. Active packaging with the use of biodegradable polymers and natural preservatives is an emerging area of research in food industry. Zanthoxylum rhetsa is low cost spice and is rich in bioactive compounds. This can be used as the active component in biodegradable films that can extend the shelf life of the meat packed in it at chilled temperatures. Thus the burden on energy as well as petroleum resources can be minimized.
Empirical treatment of outpatients with gastroesophageal reflux disease with proton pump inhibitors: A survey of Chinese patients (the ENLIGHT Study)
Authors: Lu Bin , Zhang Ling , Wang Jiangbin , Wang Bangmao , Zou Xiaoping , Fei Guijun , Chen Dongfeng , Wang Xuehong , Wu Bin , Zou Duowu 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackground and AimEmpirical proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment is recommended as a diagnostic indicator for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and as a therapy for symptomatic control, with responses generally seen within 4 weeks. However, there are no real‐world data assessing the effectiveness of short‐term empirical treatment with PPIs in patients with GERD in China.MethodsThe ENLIGHT study was a multicenter, prospective, observational study conducted in China. The primary outcome was the overall response rate after 4 weeks' empirical treatment with PPIs. Adult patients aged between 18 and 65 years of age, with a gastroesophageal reflux disease questionnaire score of ≥ 8, prescribed empirical PPI treatment by their physicians and with no planned endoscopy were eligible to participate. Statistical analyses were primarily descriptive.ResultsOverall, 987 patients were eligible to participate and were included in the full analysis set (FAS); 707 patients were included in the per protocol set. In the FAS, esomeprazole was received by 57.1% of patients and was the most commonly used PPI. After 4‐week treatment, 71.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 67.9% to 74.2%) of patients were considered responders to PPI. The response rate at the end of 2‐week PPI treatment reached 57.0% (95% CI, 52.5% to 61.7%). The median time to response was 13 days (95% CI, 12 to 15). Response rates at 2 and 4 weeks of the per protocol set were similar to those of the FAS.ConclusionsShort‐term empirical PPI treatment can provide an effective relief of GERD symptoms in most Chinese patients in real‐world practice.
Associations Between Polypharmacy and Cognitive and Physical Capability: A British Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Rawle Mark James , Cooper Rachel , Kuh Diana , Richards Marcus 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesTo investigate longitudinal associations between polypharmacy and cognitive and physical capability and to determine whether these associations differ with cumulative exposure to polypharmacy.DesignProspective birth cohort study.SettingEngland, Scotland, and Wales.ParticipantsAn eligible sample of men and women from the Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development with medication data at age 69 (N=2,122, 79%).MeasurementsCognitive capability was assessed using a word learning test, visual search speed task, and the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination, Third Edition (ACE‐III). Physical capability was measured using chair rise speed, standing balance time, walking speed, and grip strength.ResultsPolypharmacy (5–8 prescribed medications) was present in 18.2% of participants at age 69 and excessive polypharmacy (≥9 prescribed medications) in 4.7%. Both were associated with poorer cognitive and physical capability in models adjusted for sex, education, and disease burden. Stronger associations were found for excessive polypharmacy (e.g., difference in mean ACE‐III scores comparing polypharmacy=−2.0, 95% CI=−2.8 to −1.1 and excessive polypharmacy=−2.9, 95% CI=−4.4 to −1.4 with no polypharmacy). Participants with polypharmacy at age 60 to 64 and at age 69 showed stronger Negative associations with cognitive and physical capability were stronger still in participants with polypharmacy at both age 60 to 64 and at age 69 (e.g. difference in mean chair rise speed, comparing polypharmacy with no polypharmacy at both ages=−3.9, 95% CI=−5.2 to −2.6 and at age 60–64 only=−2.5, 95% CI=−4.1 to −0.9).ConclusionPolypharmacy at age 60 to 64 and age 69 was associated with poorer physical and cognitive capability, even after adjusting for disease burden. Stronger negative associations were seen in participants with longstanding polypharmacy, suggesting a cumulative, dose‐dependent relationship (where dose is the number of prescribed medications). Future research aiming to improve cognitive and physical capability should consider interventions to reduce the duration and level of polypharmacy at younger ages, in addition to optimizing disease control with appropriate medications.
Influence of beverages and surface roughness on the color change of resin composites
Authors: Tavangar Maryam , Bagheri Rafat , Kwon Tae‐Yub , Mese Ayse , Manton David J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to determine the degree of surface staining and roughness of resin composites (RC) after finishing and polishing with different methods and immersion in three soft drinks.MethodsA microhybrid, a nanohybrid, and a hybrid composite were selected. The specimens were prepared and divided into three groups of 36 after 24 hours, and designated as either unpolished or polished using Sof‐Lex discs or Enhance point. Each group was further divided into three subgroups, immersed in distilled water, coffee, or cola for 1 week (N = 12). Color change (∆E) was measured by a spectrophotometer after each treatment. The ∆E was calculated using the following formula: ∆E = ([∆L]2+[∆a]2+[∆b]2)1/2. Surface roughness (Ra) was measured after 24 hours and 1 week. To observe the Ra, a scanning electron microscope was used.ResultsA moderate correlation between Ra and ∆E was determined. Only coffee caused perceptible ∆E. The effect of Ra on staining was statistically significant (P < .05), but immersion in solutions for 7 days did not increase the Ra of RC.ConclusionsThe highest Ra values were obtained from hybrid RC. The Enhance point created the greatest roughness. Coffee was associated with the greatest ∆E for all materials and polishing methods.
Ecosystem Services in Life Cycle Assessment while Encouraging Techno‐Ecological Synergies
Authors: Liu Xinyu , Bakshi Bhavik R. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryLife cycle assessment (LCA) has enabled consideration of environmental impacts beyond the narrow boundary of traditional engineering methods. This reduces the chance of shifting impacts outside the system boundary. However, sustainability also requires that supporting ecosystems are not adversely affected and remain capable of providing goods and services for supporting human activities. Conventional LCA does not account for this role of nature, and its metrics are best for comparing alternatives. These relative metrics do not provide information about absolute environmental sustainability, which requires comparison between the demand and supply of ecosystem services (ES). Techno‐ecological synergy (TES) is a framework to account for ES, and has been demonstrated by application to systems such as buildings and manufacturing activities that have narrow system boundaries.This article develops an approach for techno‐ecological synergy in life cycle assessment (TES‐LCA) by expanding the steps in conventional LCA to incorporate the demand and supply of ecosystem goods and services at multiple spatial scales. This enables calculation of absolute environmental sustainability metrics, and helps identify opportunities for improving a life cycle not just by reducing impacts, but also by restoring and protecting ecosystems. TES‐LCA of a biofuel life cycle demonstrates this approach by considering the ES of carbon sequestration, air quality regulation, and water provisioning. Results show that for the carbon sequestration ecosystem service, farming can be locally sustainable but unsustainable at the global or serviceshed scale. Air quality regulation is unsustainable at all scales, while water provisioning is sustainable at all scales for this study in the eastern part of the United States.
The Arabidopsis catalase triple mutant reveals important roles of catalases and peroxisome‐derived signaling in plant development
Authors: Su Tong , Wang Pingping , Li Huijuan , Zhao Yiwu , Lu Yao , Dai Peng , Ren Tianqi , Wang Xiaofeng , Li Xuezhi , Shao Qun , Zhao Dazhong , Zhao Yanxiu , Ma Changle 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is generated in many metabolic processes. As a signaling molecule, H2O2 plays important roles in plant growth and development, as well as environmental stress response. In Arabidopsis, there are three catalase genes, CAT1, CAT2, and CAT3. The encoded catalases are predominately peroxisomal proteins and are critical for scavenging H2O2. Since CAT1 and CAT3 are linked on chromosome 1, it has been almost impossible to generate cat1/3 and cat1/2/3 mutants by traditional genetic tools. In this study, we constructed cat1/3 double mutants and cat1/2/3 triple mutants by CRISPR/Cas9 to investigate the role of catalases. The cat1/2/3 triple mutants displayed severe redox disturbance and growth defects under physiological conditions compared with wild‐type and the cat2/3 double mutants. Transcriptome analysis showed a more profound transcriptional response in the cat1/2/3 triple mutants compared to the cat2/3 mutants. These differentially expressed genes are involved in plant growth regulation as well as abiotic and biotic stress responses. In addition, expression of OXI1 (OXIDATIVE SIGNAL INDUCIBLE 1) and several MAPK cascade genes were changed dramatically in the catalase triple mutant, suggesting that H2O2 produced in peroxisomes could serve as a peroxisomal retrograde signal.
Efficient allelic replacement in rice by gene editing: A case study of the NRT1.1B gene
Authors: Li Jingying , Zhang Xin , Sun Yongwei , Zhang Jiahui , Du Wenming , Guo Xiuping , Li Shaoya , Zhao Yunde , Xia Lanqin 
Published: March 2018

SummaryPrecise replacement of an existing allele in commercial cultivars with an elite allele is a major goal in crop breeding. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the NRT1.1B gene between japonica and indica rice is responsible for the improved nitrogen use efficiency in indica rice. Herein, we precisely replaced the japonica NRT1.1B allele with the indica allele, in just one generation, using CRISPR/Cas9 gene‐editing technology. No additional selective pressure was needed to enrich the precise replacement events. This work demonstrates the feasibility of replacing any genes with elite alleles within one generation, greatly expanding our ability to improve agriculturally important traits.
Two soybean bHLH factors regulate response to iron deficiency
Authors: Li Lin , Gao Wenwen , Peng Qi , Zhou Bin , Kong Qihui , Ying Yinghui , Shou Huixia 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIron is an indispensable micronutrient for plant growth and development. Limited bioavailability of Fe in the soil leads to iron deficiency chlorosis in plants and yield loss. In this study, two soybean basic helix‐loop‐helix transcription factors, GmbHLH57 and GmbHLH300, were identified in response to Fe‐deficiency. Both transcription factors are expressed in roots and nodules, and are induced by Fe deficiency; these patterns were confirmed in transgenic hairy roots expressing constructs of the endogenous promoters fused to a GUS reporter gene. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation, yeast two‐hybrid and coimmunoprecipitation (co‐IP) assays indicated a physical interaction between GmbHLH57 and GmbHLH300. Studies on transgenic soybeans overexpressing GmbHLH57 and GmbHLH300 revealed that overexpression of each transcription factor, alone, results in no change of the responses to Fe deficiency, whereas overexpression of both transcription factors upregulated the downstream Fe uptake genes and increased the Fe content in these transgenic plants. Compared to wild type, these double overexpression transgenic plants were more tolerant to Fe deficiency. Taken together, our findings establish that GmbHLH57 and GmbHLH300 are important transcription factors involved in Fe homeostasis in soybean.
Multicentric cutaneous keratoacanthomas in a free‐living marmoset (Callithrix sp.)
Authors: Díaz‐Delgado J. , Sanches T.C. , Cirqueira C.S. , Coimbra A.A.C. , Guerra J.M. , Olivares V. , Di Loretto C. , Ressio R.A. , Iglezias S. , Fernandes N.C.C.A. , Kanamura C. , Groch K.R. , Catão‐Dias J.L. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCutaneous neoplasia is common in non‐human primates. We describe the gross and microscopic features of multicentric cutaneous keratoacanthomas in a free‐living marmoset (Callithrix sp.). Immunohistochemistry for human papillomavirus and herpes simplex virus type I and simplex virus type II was negative. Keratoacanthomas should be included in the differential diagnosis for cutaneous masses in non‐human primates.
Phosphatidylcholine 36:1 concentration decreases along with demyelination in the cuprizone animal model and in post‐mortem multiple sclerosis brain tissue
Authors: Trépanier Marc‐Olivier , Hildebrand Kayla D. , Nyamoya Stella D. , Amor Sandra , Bazinet Richard P. , Kipp Markus 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMultiple sclerosis is a demyelinating and inflammatory disease. Myelin is enriched in lipids, and more specifically, oleic acid. The goal of this study was to evaluate the concentration of oleic acid following demyelination and remyelination in the cuprizone model, test if these changes occurred in specific lipid species, and whether differences in the cuprizone model correlate with changes observed in post‐mortem human brains. Eight‐week‐old C57Bl/6 mice were fed a 0.2% cuprizone diet for 5 weeks and some animals allowed to recover for 11 days. Demyelination, inflammation, and lipid concentrations were measured in the corpus callosum. Standard fatty acid techniques and liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry were performed to measure concentrations of fatty acids in total brain lipids and a panel of lipid species within the phosphatidylcholine (PC). Similar measurements were conducted in post‐mortem brain tissues of multiple sclerosis patients and were compared to healthy controls. Five weeks of cuprizone administration resulted in demyelination followed by significant remyelination after 11 days of recovery. Compared to control, oleic acid was decreased after 5 weeks of cuprizone treatment and increased during the recovery phase. This decrease in oleic acid was associated with a specific decrease in the PC 36:1 pool. Similar results were observed in human post‐mortem brains. Decreases in myelin content in the cuprizone model were accompanied by decreases in oleic acid concentration and is associated with PC 36:1 suggesting that specific lipids could be a potential biomarker for myelin degeneration. The biological relevance of oleic acid for disease progression remains to be verified.image
Mechanisms underlying lesion development and lesion distribution in CNS autoimmunity
Authors: Lindner Maren , Klotz Luisa , Wiendl Heinz 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIt is widely accepted that development of autoimmunity in the central nervous system (CNS) is triggered by autoreactive T cells, that are activated in the periphery and gain the capacity to migrate through endothelial cells at the blood–brain barrier (BBB) into the CNS. Upon local reactivation, an inflammatory cascade is initiated, that subsequently leads to a recruitment of additional immune cells ultimately causing demyelination and axonal damage. Even though the interaction of immune cells with the BBB has been in the focus of research for many years, the exact mechanisms of how immune cells enter and exit the CNS remains poorly understood. In this line, the factors deciding immune cell entry routes, lesion formation, cellular composition as well as distribution within the CNS have also not been elucidated. The following factors have been proposed to represent key determinants for lesion evaluation and distribution: (i) presence and density of (auto) antigens in the CNS, (ii) local immune milieu at sites of lesion development and resolution, (iii) trafficking routes and specific trafficking requirements, especially at the BBB and (iv) characteristics and phenotypes of CNS infiltrating cells and cell subsets (e.g. features of T helper subtypes or CD8 cells). The heterogeneity of lesion development within inflammatory demyelinating diseases remains poorly understood until today, but here especially orphan inflammatory CNS disorders such as neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), Rasmussen encephalitis or SUSAC syndrome might give important insights in critical determinants of lesion topography. Finally, investigating the interaction of T cells with the BBB using in vitro approaches or tracking of T cells in vivo in animals or even human patients, as well as the discovery of lymphatic vasculature in the CNS are teaching us new aspects during the development of CNS autoimmunity. In this review, we discuss recent findings which help to unravel mechanisms underlying lesion topography and might lead to new diagnostic or therapeutic approaches in neuroinflammatory disorders including multiple sclerosis (MS).
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Dynamic SAP102 expression in the hippocampal subregions of rats and APP/PS1 mice of various ages
Authors: Su Dongning , Liu Hui , Liu Tianrong , Zhang Xin , Yang Wei , Song Yizhi , Liu Jinping , Wu Yan , Chang Lirong 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe hippocampus is a structurally and functionally complex brain area that plays important and diverse roles in higher brain functions, such as learning and memory, and mounting evidence indicates that different hippocampal subregions play distinctive roles. The hippocampus is also one of the first regions in the brain to suffer damage in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Synaptic dysfunction in the hippocampus, rather than neuronal loss per se, is paralleled by behavioural and functional deficits in AD. The membrane‐associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) family of proteins, including SAP102, PSD‐95, PSD‐93 and SAP97, have long been recognized as essential components of the postsynaptic density (PSD) at excitatory synapses. Hippocampal spines are the predominant synaptic transmission sites of excitatory glutamatergic synapses. During postnatal brain development, individual MAGUK members show distinct expression patterns. Although SAP102 has been confirmed as the dominant scaffold protein in neonatal synapses, its expression profiles in adult and ageing rodent hippocampi are discrepant. Furthermore, in AD brains, significantly reduced SAP102 protein levels have been found, suggesting that SAP102 may be related to AD progression; however, the precise mechanism underlying this result remains unclear. Herein, we observed distinct SAP102 expression profiles in the hippocampal CA1, CA3 and DG subregions of rats and APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice at various ages using immunofluorescence. In Wistar rats, SAP102 was not only highly expressed in the hippocampal subregions of neonatal rats but also maintained relatively high expression levels in adult hippocampi and displayed no obvious decreases in the CA1 and DG subregions of aged rats. Surprisingly, we observed abnormally high SAP102 expression levels in the CA1 stratum moleculare and CA3 stratum polymorphum subregions of 2‐month‐old APP/PS1 mice, but low SAP102 levels in the DG and CA3 subregions of 7‐month‐old APP/PS1 mice, reflecting the subregion‐specific reactivity and vulnerability of AD mouse models in different disease stages. Our findings provide fundamental data to support the functional differences of SAP102 in different hippocampal subregions during postnatal periods and may serve as the basis for additional functional studies on SAP102 in normal physiological conditions and different stages of AD.