bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stimulation-induced increases in cerebral blood flow and local capillary vasoconstriction depend on conducted vascular responses
Authors: Cai Changsi , Fordsmann Jonas C. , Jensen Sofie H. , Gesslein Bodil , Lønstrup Micael , Hald Bjørn O. , Zambach Stefan A. , Brodin Birger , Lauritzen Martin J. 
Published: June 2018

Significance
Pericytes are located at the outside wall of capillaries. However, whether and how pericytes are involved in the regulation of blood flow in brain capillaries is still debated. We report that capillary vascular responses are mostly initiated and peak at near-arteriole capillaries. These vascular responses are conducted along capillaries at a speed of 5–20 µm/s. Conducted vascular responses in brain capillaries appear to involve pericytes, the mural cells of microvessels, and may be a novel modulator of vascular function in the brain.
Minimizing ATP depletion by oxygen scavengers for single-molecule fluorescence imaging in live cells
Authors: Jung Seung-Ryoung , Deng Yi , Kushmerick Christopher , Asbury Charles L. , Hille Bertil , Koh Duk-Su 
Published: June 2018

SignificanceSingle-molecule live-cell imaging can answer many biological questions, but a significant obstacle is photobleaching of the dye molecules by dissolved oxygen. An excellent way to improve photostability is to reduce the oxygen content of the solutions using glucose oxidase, an oxygen scavenger. However, for live-cell experiments a critical downside of the scavengers is that ATP levels fall as mitochondria become oxygen-deprived. We show that certain metabolic supplements significantly slow the depletion of ATP by oxygen scavengers and substantially restore ATP-dependent functions like lipid synthesis and receptor endocytosis. This method could be valuable for scientific studies that need to control oxygen tension and intracellular ATP levels in live cells.
Simultaneous cancer and tumor microenvironment subtyping using confocal infrared microscopy for all-digital molecular histopathology
Authors: Mittal Shachi , Yeh Kevin , Leslie L. Suzanne , Kenkel Seth , Kajdacsy-Balla Andre , Bhargava Rohit 
Published: June 2018

Significance
Cancer alters both the morphological and the biochemical properties of multiple cell types in a tissue. Generally, the morphology of epithelial cells is practical for routine disease diagnoses. Here, infrared spectroscopic imaging biochemically characterizes breast cancer, both epithelial cells and the tumor-associated microenvironment. Unfortunately, conventional spectral analyses are slow. Hence, we designed and built a laser confocal microscope that demonstrates a high signal-to-noise ratio for confident diagnoses. The instrument cuts down imaging time from days to minutes, making the technology feasible for research and clinical translation. Finally, automated human breast cancer biopsy imaging is reported in ∼1 hour, paving the way for routine research into the total tumor (epithelial plus microenvironment) properties and rapid, label-free diagnoses.
Translation studies, audiovisual translation and reception
Authors: Gambier Yves 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Reception of translated texts has thus far received relatively scant, uneven attention in Translation Studies (TS), even though reception studies theories have been applied in the last decades, first to literary translation and then touching upon other areas and text types. This chapter reports on the development of reception studies within TS, focusing on some of the most significant theoretical frameworks and methodologies proposed. It then moves on to audiovisual translation (AVT) in particular, exploring the very concepts of audience and reception. Adjacent concepts are also discussed, all having a bearing on the approach and the methodology, and all chosen for the investigation of reception. Last but not least, the chapter discusses the opportunities and challenges of interdisciplinarity which has brought, is bringing, and may continue to bring advances to the study of the reception of AV texts in translation.
Discourse analysis, pragmatics, multimodal analysis
Authors: Valdeón Roberto A. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This chapter explores three approaches to AVT rooted in the linguistic tradition, but which can prove valuable in the study of the texts and of their reception, namely pragmatic, discourse and multimodal approaches. The first section discusses discourse analysis, and more specifically features of informal dialogue and their translation into other languages, as well as the use of corpus-based methodologies. The second section presents AVT research based on Grice, Searle, and Sperber and Wilson, with particular reference to the creation of humour. Finally, the section devoted to multimodality considers the various layers that contribute to defining the audiovisual text as multimodal, and how these can affect the audience. It posits that reception research will need to draw on the work of communication scholars such as Kress and van Leeuwen. The concluding section summarizes some of the methodological approaches that have been used in AVT, and also suggests that, apart from television and films, reception studies should also consider other genres, such as opera performances, tourist leaflets and news texts.
Media interpreting
Authors: Pöchhacker Franz 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This chapter offers a thorough conceptual analysis of media interpreting as a form of audiovisual translation, with special reference to interpreting performed for broadcast mass media programs, especially on television. Based on criteria such as interpreting modes, language modality and communicative scenarios, a fourfold (proto)typology of media interpreting is proposed as a framework for the presentation of reception-oriented studies. Following a review of the evolution of reception-oriented research on media interpreting, with special attention to methodological approaches, two main lines of work are identified: research on media users’ expectations and assessment of interpreted audiovisual content, and studies on media accessibility for deaf viewers through signed language interpreting. Relevant research designs are exemplified in an effort to highlight promising avenues for future studies.
New audiences, international distribution, and translation
Authors: Orrego-Carmona David 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The interconnectivity made possible by the technological advancements of the past three decades has changed the way how audiences engage with audiovisual content around the world. On the one hand, viewers have become empowered consumers who are also engaged in the distribution of content; on the other, companies serving global audiences have emerged as key players in the audiovisual market. With more access to content, through piracy or official channels, new consumption habits, such as binge watching, have become common among viewers. Non-professional subtitling has played a key role in the expansion of the audiovisual market, the configuration of international audiences and the development of new viewing traditions. By looking at non-professional subtitling as a constituent of the international media flows, this chapter proposes Translation Studies should look at the reception of non-professional subtitles at a global scale to understand the interplay between non-professional subtitling, its producers/users and the audiovisual market, as well as the societal impact of the phenomenon.
從幾種語法現象透視晉語對元白話的繼承和發展 (Research into the inheritance and development of Jin dialects on vernacular in Yuan Dynasty from several grammatical phenomena)
Authors: Xing Xiangdong 
Published: June 2018

抽象
本文通過三種語法現象來觀察晉語對元白話語法的繼承和發展。1.「來」表商請語氣：古代漢語、近代漢語中「來」表商請語氣的主要句式為「VP+去+來」，部分晉語繼承了元白話的用法，並發展了「咱每+VP+來」格式。2.「V/A+得來+補語」結構與提頓詞「來」：元白話用「V/A+得來+補語」結構表達動作的結果和性狀達到極高的程度，晉語不僅保留了這種格式，還同吳語一樣發展出了「V/A+得來」的隱含式。晉語之所以能夠發展出「V/A+得來+補語」結構，其更大的背景是「來」大量充當提頓詞的用法。3.「V將來/去」結構：晉語的特點是趨向動詞只有「來、去」，甚或只有「來」，沒有「V+將+複合趨向補語」，保留了元代乃至五代時期的特點。4. 其他語法特點：用表格形式臚列了 9 條晉語與元白話可能存在繼承關係的語法現象，同 《原本老乞大》 進行簡單對比。
The tolerance improvement of local soybean in waterlogging condition through the combination of irradiation and in vivo selection
Authors: Saputro T B , Purwani K T , Fatimah V S , Stevia E M , Jadid N 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max L.) is wellknown as a plant that posses an extra nutrition and many proteins and has a major role in improving people’s nutrition status. The environmental factors are the main obstacle in soybean production. High rainfall frequency can lead the waterlogging phenomenon which potentially decrease the production rate of soybean. Crop improvement are the best solution to solve the problems. The purpose of this research was to determine the tolerance level and physiological response of irradiated soybean, Grobogan and Anjasmoro varieties in waterlogging condition. 60CGamma were used to irradiate the seeds with 25Gy, 50Gy, and 100Gy dosages. This research were conducted in vegetative stadia with 100%, 150%, 200% concentration of water that dispersed into medium and control as comparison. Based on the data, the irradiation has a complex responses in plant morphology. The irradiated plant height was not significantly different among all treatments. While the leaf’s wide, root length, nitrogen in leaf, root nodules, chlorophyll content, fresh weight and dry weight are decline as the waterlogging concentration increased.
Effect of Aspect Ratio and Symmetrical Distribution on Urban Design in Baghdad City, and the Impact of Greenery Strategies on improving Outdoor Thermal Comfort
Authors: Ridha S J 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The concept of thermal comfort relies on the knowledge and content of the pedestrians, particularly in an arid climate. This work concentrates on the possible methods to improve the pedestrian thermal comfort. There are inadequate investigations researches carried out on the outdoor thermal comfort in a desert climate. The researches on enhancing outdoor thermal comfort are nearly nonexistent in cities like Baghdad. Baghdad has a sophisticated urban fabric with contemporary buildings, traditional houses. This work aims at investigating possible strategies to verify how pedestrian comfort is influenced by the constructions design choices, and how vegetation contributes to enhancing the outdoor thermal comfort. The evaluation was performed by using ENVI-met on the hottest day in summer. ENVI-met represents buildings design and calculates the impact on the vegetation on outdoor thermal comfort. We adopted PMV indices to evaluate the outdoor thermal comfort. This work aims to design cities in an arid climate and to maintain a convenient level of thermal comfort. Also, how to perform a proper climate of pedestrians during the daytime beneath the burning sun, particularly in cities with an extreme rise in summer temperatures and for numerous months, as in Baghdad. The research exhibits a proposal area design in an arid climate based on the architectural and implementation standards to increase the pedestrians thermal comfort requirements and how the urban factors such as the aspect ratio, symmetrical distribution, and the green strategies are essential factors that urban designer may be taken into account, mostly for design new urban area in an arid climate.
Unified error analysis for nonconforming space discretizations of wave-type equations
Authors: Hipp David , Hochbruck Marlis , Stohrer Christian 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis paper provides a unified error analysis for nonconforming space discretizations of linear wave equations in the time domain. We propose a framework that studies wave equations as first-order evolution equations in Hilbert spaces and their space discretizations as differential equations in finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces. A lift operator maps the semidiscrete solution from the approximation space to the continuous space. Our main results are a priori error bounds in terms of interpolation, data and conformity errors of the method. Such error bounds are the key to the systematic derivation of convergence rates for a large class of problems. To show that this approach significantly eases the proof of new convergence rates, we apply it to an isoparametric finite element discretization of the wave equation with acoustic boundary conditions in a smooth domain. Moreover, our results reproduce known convergence rates for already investigated conforming and nonconforming space discretizations in a concise and unified way. The examples discussed in this paper comprise discontinuous Galerkin discretizations of Maxwell’s equations and finite elements with mass lumping for the acoustic wave equation.
Peritumoral Edema/Tumor Volume Ratio: A Strong Survival Predictor for Posterior Fossa Metastases
Authors: Calluaud Gauthier , Terrier Louis-Marie , Mathon Bertrand , Destrieux Christophe , Velut Stéphane , François Patrick , Zemmoura Ilyess , Amelot Aymeric 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Twenty percent of all brain metastases (BM) occur in the posterior fossa (PF). Radiotherapy sometimes associated with surgical resection remains the therapeutic option, while Karnovsky performance status and graded prognostic assessment (GPA) are the best preoperative survival prognostic factors.

OBJECTIVE
To explore the prognostic role of peritumoral brain edema in the PF, which has never been explored though its role in supratentorial BM has been debated.

METHODS
A total of 120 patients diagnosed with PF metastasis who underwent surgical resection were included retrospectively in this analysis. Clinical data were retrieved from electronic patient medical files. The tumor volumes and their associated edema were calculated via manual delineation; subsequently the edema/tumor volume ratio was determined.

RESULTS
In multivariate analysis with Cox multivariate proportional hazard model, the edema to tumor volumes ratio (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.727, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.427-2.083; P < .0001) was identified as a new strong independent prognosis factor on overall survival (OS) whereas edema volume alone was not (P = .469). Moreover, BM complete resection (HR: 0.447, 95% CI 0.277-0.719; P < .001), low (0-1) World Health Organization status at diagnosis (HR: 2.109, 95% CI 1.481-3.015; P < .0001), high GPA class at diagnosis (HR: 1.77, 95% CI 0.9-2.9; P < .04), and postoperative brain irradiation (HR: 2.019, 95% CI 1.213-3.361; P < .007] were all confirmed as independent predictive factors for survival.

CONCLUSION
The edema/tumor ratio appears to greatly influence OS in patients suffering from PF metastases unlike the extent of edema alone. This easily determined as well as strong prognostic factor could be used as an interesting tool in clinical practice to help the management of these patients.
Intratumoral Rathke's Cleft Cyst Remnants Within Craniopharyngioma, Pituitary Adenoma, Suprasellar Dermoid, and Epidermoid Cysts: A Ubiquitous Signature of Ectodermal Lineage or a Transitional Entity?
Authors: Manjila Sunil , Asmar Nadine El , Vidalis Benjamin M , Alonso Fernando , Singh Gagandeep , Vadamalai Karthik , Cohen Mark L , Bambakidis Nicholas C , Arafah Baha M , Selman Warren R 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The authors present cystic epithelial masses in the suprasellar region which on histopathology revealed 4 mixed tumors having simple cuboidal epithelium of Rathke's Cleft Cyst (RCC) elements trapped within pituitary adenoma, epidermoid cyst, dermoid cyst, and papillary craniopharyngioma respectively.

OBJECTIVE
To highlight the developmental theory of ectodermal continuum in the realm of suprasellar epithelial cystic lesions and examines the cardinal aspects that distinguish RCC from its confounder, ciliary craniopharyngioma.

METHODS
The authors performed a medical chart review on 4 patients who had coexisting RCC with craniopharyngioma, pituitary adenoma, suprasellar dermoid, and epidermoid cysts.

RESULTS
This series of unique suprasellar lesions elucidate the spectrum of cases from Rathke's cyst to other suprasellar epithelial cysts including a recently identified clinical entity called ciliary craniopharyngioma, which authors feel is a misnomer. The authors also report the first case of ruptured dermoid cyst admixed with elements of Rathke's cyst elements and xanthogranuloma in neurosurgical literature.

CONCLUSION
We propose that the new entity of ciliary craniopharyngioma could be just another variant of RCC elements nested within a typical papillary or adamantinomatous lesion. Further study is warranted to understand the implications of natural history with tumors containing RCC elements.
Cerebral Abscess by Fonsecaea monophora—The First Case Reported in Germany
Authors: Helbig Sina , Thuermer Alexander , Dengl Markus , Krukowski Pawel , de With Katja 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We report the first case of cerebral Fonsecaea monophora infection in a German woman without immunodeficiency or travel history. F. monophora infection is a rare differential diagnosis of cerebral tumors; it was previously considered a tropical fungus. This case adds to the scarce reports in nontropical regions.
Physical Therapist, Physical Therapist Assistant, and Student Response to Inappropriate Patient Sexual Behavior: Results of a National Survey
Authors: Cambier Ziádee , Boissonnault Jill S , Hetzel Scott J , Plack Margaret M 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Background
A recent survey found that 84% of physical therapist, physical therapist assistant, and student respondents experienced inappropriate patient sexual behavior (IPSB) over their careers and 47% over the prior 12 months. Prevalence data justify consideration of how to address IPSB.

Objective
The objective was to determine how physical therapist clinicians (used here to mean physical therapists, physical therapist assistants, and students) address IPSB and examine strategy impact.

Design
The design was observational and cross-sectional.

Methods
Several sections of the American Physical Therapy Association and selected education programs fielded the electronic survey. Respondents reported on the frequency and effect of IPSB response strategy. Response-strategy impact was tested for statistical significance. Open-ended comments were analyzed using qualitative methods.

Results
Of 1027 respondents, 396 had experienced IPSB over the prior 12 months; 391 provided data on the frequency and effect of response strategies used. Common informal responses included distraction, ignoring IPSB, and altering treatment to avoid physical contact or being alone. Common formal responses included reporting the behavior within the facility and documenting the behavior. Successful strategies included distraction, avoidance, direct confrontation, behavioral contracts, transfer of care, and chaperone use. Experienced clinicians were more likely to be direct, whereas novice clinicians were more likely to engage in unsuccessful actions of ignoring and joking.

Limitations
Limitations included self-report, clinician memory, and convenience sampling.

Conclusions
The first findings in 20 years on physical therapist, physical therapist assistant, and student response to IPSB provide direction for the profession. Results indicate a need for clear workplace policies coupled with training for managers and supervisors to support clinicians in resolving IPSB. Policies on using behavioral contracts, chaperones, and transfer of care could empower staff to consider these successful options. Professional education and training for all physical therapy professionals on assertive communication and redirection strategies with IPSB appears warranted.
Utilizing an Evidence-Based Alcohol Screening Tool for Identification of Alcohol Misuse
Authors: Miller Laura B. , Brennan-Cook Jill , Turner Barbara , Husband-Ardoin Madeline , Hayes Chris S. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Background:
Alcohol misuse is prevalent among college students and negatively affects their health, relationships, and academics. Alcohol misuse screening for this age group is advised but often overlooked.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to implement an evidence-based alcohol screening tool, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption, at a southern university health clinic.

Methods:
This quality improvement project used a preintervention/postintervention, mixed-methods design. A survey containing the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption screening tool is used to identify students with alcohol misuse who are then offered education and follow-up. Students who were found to misuse alcohol were retested 1 month later. Qualitative comments were also gathered about the success of the project.

Results:
Alcohol misuse at this location is high and usually missed during the student health encounter. Screening and identification of alcohol misuse were increased. The follow-up survey showed a reduced number of students misusing alcohol.

Conclusion:
Alcohol screening and treatment in a university health setting may result in decreased alcohol-related problems. The potential to improve student outcomes at other colleges and universities should be considered.
Stimulant Use Among Undergraduate Nursing Students
Authors: Kirkpatrick Zachary A. , Boyd Carol J. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Research reveals a decade-long increase in prescription drug misuse (PDM) of stimulant medication used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and college students in particular are at the highest risk for these behaviors. However, PDM has not been specifically studied in undergraduate nursing students, and thus, this study fills a gap in our knowledge of PDM of stimulants. This descriptive study used a cross-sectional, convenience sample of undergraduate nursing students (N = 249) attending a large midwestern university. The purpose of this study was to examine the medical use, medical misuse, nonmedical use, and diversion of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder stimulant medications as well as to compare CRAFFT scores among these four groups of stimulant users. A 28-item, Web-based survey was sent via email to all registered undergraduate nursing students during the winter semester of 2017. Results showed that 10.4% of respondents used prescription stimulants nonmedically in the past 12 months, and over half (51.5%) of respondents screened positive on the CRAFFT, an indication of possible alcohol and drug misuse behaviors. In addition, there was a strong association between medical misuse and nonmedical use and positive CRAFFT scores. The high percentage of positive CRAFFT scores is a concern and indicates a pressing need for nursing faculty to evaluate and address substance use by nursing students.