bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enantioselective radical conjugate additions driven by a photoactive intramolecular iminium-ion-based EDA complex
Authors: Cao Zhong-Yan , Ghosh Tamal , Melchiorre Paolo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe photochemical activity of electron donor–acceptor (EDA) complexes provides a way to generate radicals under mild conditions. This strategy has found application in chemical synthesis and recently in enantioselective catalysis. Reported methods classically relied on the formation of intermolecular EDA complexes, generated upon aggregation of two suitable reagents. Herein, we further expand the synthetic utility of this strategy demonstrating that an intramolecular EDA complex can trigger a photochemical catalytic enantioselective radical process. This approach enables radical conjugate additions to β-substituted cyclic enones to form quaternary carbon stereocenters with high stereocontrol using visible light irradiation. Crucial for success is the use of an amine catalyst, adorned with a carbazole moiety, which generates, upon condensation with enones, chiral iminium ions that show a broad absorption band in the visible region. This optical property originates from an intramolecular charge transfer π–π interaction between the electron-rich carbazole nucleus and the electron-deficient iminium double bond.
Mechanical glass transition revealed by the fracture toughness of metallic glasses
Authors: Ketkaew Jittisa , Chen Wen , Wang Hui , Datye Amit , Fan Meng , Pereira Gabriela , Schwarz Udo D. , Liu Ze , Yamada Rui , Dmowski Wojciech , Shattuck Mark D. , O’Hern Corey S. , Egami Takeshi , Bouchbinder Eran , Schroers Jan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe fracture toughness of glassy materials remains poorly understood. In large part, this is due to the disordered, intrinsically non-equilibrium nature of the glass structure, which challenges its theoretical description and experimental determination. We show that the notch fracture toughness of metallic glasses exhibits an abrupt toughening transition as a function of a well-controlled fictive temperature (Tf), which characterizes the average glass structure. The ordinary temperature, which has been previously associated with a ductile-to-brittle transition, is shown to play a secondary role. The observed transition is interpreted to result from a competition between the Tf-dependent plastic relaxation rate and an applied strain rate. Consequently, a similar toughening transition as a function of strain rate is predicted and demonstrated experimentally. The observed mechanical toughening transition bears strong similarities to the ordinary glass transition and explains the previously reported large scatter in fracture toughness data and ductile-to-brittle transitions.
Large anomalous Hall effect in the chiral-lattice antiferromagnet CoNb3S6
Authors: Ghimire Nirmal J. , Botana A. S. , Jiang J. S. , Zhang Junjie , Chen Y.-S. , Mitchell J. F. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAn ordinary Hall effect in a conductor arises due to the Lorentz force acting on the charge carriers. In ferromagnets, an additional contribution to the Hall effect, the anomalous Hall effect (AHE), appears proportional to the magnetization. While the AHE is not seen in a collinear antiferromagnet, with zero net magnetization, recently it has been shown that an intrinsic AHE can be non-zero in non-collinear antiferromagnets as well as in topological materials hosting Weyl nodes near the Fermi energy. Here we report a large anomalous Hall effect with Hall conductivity of 27 Ω−1 cm−1 in a chiral-lattice antiferromagnet, CoNb3S6 consisting of a small intrinsic ferromagnetic component (≈0.0013 μB per Co) along c-axis. This small moment alone cannot explain the observed size of the AHE. We attribute the AHE to either formation of a complex magnetic texture or the combined effect of the small intrinsic moment on the electronic band structure.
Single-particle mass spectrometry with arrays of frequency-addressed nanomechanical resonators
Authors: Sage Eric , Sansa Marc , Fostner Shawn , Defoort Martial , Gély Marc , Naik Akshay K. , Morel Robert , Duraffourg Laurent , Roukes Michael L. , Alava Thomas , Jourdan Guillaume , Colinet Eric , Masselon Christophe , Brenac Ariel , Hentz Sébastien 
Published: August 2018

AbstractOne of the main challenges to overcome to perform nanomechanical mass spectrometry analysis in a practical time frame stems from the size mismatch between the analyte beam and the small nanomechanical detector area. We report here the demonstration of mass spectrometry with arrays of 20 multiplexed nanomechanical resonators; each resonator is designed with a distinct resonance frequency which becomes its individual address. Mass spectra of metallic aggregates in the MDa range are acquired with more than one order of magnitude improvement in analysis time compared to individual resonators. A 20 NEMS array is probed in 150 ms with the same mass limit of detection as a single resonator. Spectra acquired with a conventional time-of-flight mass spectrometer in the same system show excellent agreement. We also demonstrate how mass spectrometry imaging at the single-particle level becomes possible by mapping a 4-cm-particle beam in the MDa range and above.
Probing warm dense matter using femtosecond X-ray absorption spectroscopy with a laser-produced betatron source
Authors: Mahieu B. , Jourdain N. , Ta Phuoc K. , Dorchies F. , Goddet J.-P. , Lifschitz A. , Renaudin P. , Lecherbourg L. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractExploring and understanding ultrafast processes at the atomic level is a scientific challenge. Femtosecond X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) arises as an essential experimental probing method, as it can simultaneously reveal both electronic and atomic structures, and thus potentially unravel their nonequilibrium dynamic interplay which is at the origin of most of the ultrafast mechanisms. However, despite considerable efforts, there is still no femtosecond X-ray source suitable for routine experiments. Here we show that betatron radiation from relativistic laser−plasma interaction combines ideal features for femtosecond XAS. It has been used to investigate the nonequilibrium dynamics of a copper sample brought at extreme conditions of temperature and pressure by a femtosecond laser pulse. We measured a rise-time of the electron temperature below 100 fs. This experiment demonstrates the great potential of the table-top betatron source which makes possible the investigation of unexplored ultrafast processes in manifold fields of research.
Interplay between epidermal stem cell dynamics and dermal deformation
Authors: Kobayashi Yasuaki , Yasugahira Yusuke , Kitahata Hiroyuki , Watanabe Mika , Natsuga Ken , Nagayama Masaharu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTissue growth is a driving force of morphological changes in living systems. Whereas the buckling instability is known to play a crutial role for initiating spatial pattern formations in such growing systems, little is known about the rationale for succeeding morphological changes beyond this instability. In mammalian skin, the dermis has many protrusions toward the epidermis, and the epidermal stem cells are typically found on the tips of these protrusions. Although the initial instability may well be explained by the buckling involving the dermis and the basal layer, which contains proliferative cells, it does not dictate the direction of these protrusions, nor the spatial patterning of epidermal stem cells. Here we introduce a particle-based model of self-replicating cells on a deformable substrate composed of the dermis and the basement membrane, and investigate the relationship between dermal deformation and epidermal stem cell pattering on it. We show that our model reproduces the formation of dermal protrusions directing from the dermis to the epidermis, and preferential epidermal stem cell distributions on the tips of the dermal protrusions, which the basic buckling mechanism fails to explain. We argue that cell-type-dependent adhesion strengths of the cells to the basement membrane are crucial factors influencing these patterns.
Dynamics of antimicrobial resistance in intestinal Escherichia coli from children in community settings in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Ingle Danielle J. , Levine Myron M. , Kotloff Karen L. , Holt Kathryn E. , Robins-Browne Roy M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe dynamics of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in developing countries are poorly understood, especially in community settings, due to a sparsity of data on AMR prevalence and genetics. We used a combination of phenotyping, genomics and antimicrobial usage data to investigate patterns of AMR amongst atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (aEPEC) strains isolated from children younger than five years old in seven developing countries (four in sub-Saharan Africa and three in South Asia) over a three-year period. We detected high rates of AMR, with 65% of isolates displaying resistance to three or more drug classes. Whole-genome sequencing revealed a diversity of known genetic mechanisms for AMR that accounted for >95% of phenotypic resistance, with comparable rates amongst aEPEC strains associated with diarrhoea or asymptomatic carriage. Genetic determinants of AMR were associated with the geographic location of isolates, not E. coli lineage, and AMR genes were frequently co-located, potentially enabling the acquisition of multi-drug resistance in a single step. Comparison of AMR with antimicrobial usage data showed that the prevalence of resistance to fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins was correlated with usage, which was higher in South Asia than in Africa. This study provides much-needed insights into the frequency and mechanisms of AMR in intestinal E. coli in children living in community settings in developing countries.
Loss of function of miR-342-3p results in MCT1 over-expression and contributes to oncogenic metabolic reprogramming in triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Romero-Cordoba Sandra L. , Rodriguez-Cuevas Sergio , Bautista-Pina Veronica , Maffuz-Aziz Antonio , D’Ippolito Elvira , Cosentino Giulia , Baroni Sara , Iorio Marilena V. , Hidalgo-Miranda Alfredo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous and aggressive neoplasia lacking the expression of hormonal receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2. Accumulating evidence has highlighted the importance of miRNAs dysregulation in the establishment of cancer programs, but the functional role of many miRNAs remains unclear. The description of miRNAs roles might provide novel strategies for treatment. In the present work, an integrated analysis of miRNA transcriptional landscape was performed (N = 132), identifying the significant down-modulation of miR-342-3p in TNBC, probably because of the aberrant activity of estrogen receptor, which serves as a transcription factor of the miRNA, as demonstrated by a siRNA-knockdown approach. The enhanced expression of miR-342-3p significantly decreased cell proliferation, viability and migration rates of diverse TN cells in vitro. Bioinformatic and functional analyses revealed that miR-342-3p directly targets the monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1), which promotes lactate and glucose fluxes alteration, thus disrupting the metabolic homeostasis of tumor cells. Optical metabolic imaging assay defined a higher optical redox ratio in glycolytic cells overexpressing miR-342-3p. Furthermore, we found that hypoxic conditions and glucose starvation attenuate miR-342-3p expression, suggesting a crosstalk program between these metabolic factors. Consistently, miR-342-3p down-modulation is associated with an increased MCT1 expression level and glycolytic score in human triple negative tumors. Overall, we described for the first time the regulatory activity of miR-342-3p on relevant metabolic carcinogenic pathways in TN breast cancers.
Damage and Failure of Axonal Microtubule under Extreme High Strain Rate: An In-Silico Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Wu Yuan-Ting , Adnan Ashfaq 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAs a major cytoskeleton element of the axon, the breaking of microtubules (MTs) has been considered as a major cause of the axon degeneration. High strain rate loading is considered as one of the key factors in microtubule breaking. Due to the small size of microtubule, the real-time behavior of microtubule breaking is hard to capture. This study employs fully-atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to determine the failure modes of microtubule under different loadings conditions such as, unidirectional stretching, bending and hydrostatic expansion. For each loading conditions, MT is subjected to extreme high strain rate (108–109 s−1) loading. We argue that such level of high strain rate may be realized during cavitation bubble implosion. For each loading type, we have determined the critical energy for MT rupture. The associated rupture mechanisms are also discussed. We observed that the stretching has the lowest energy barrier to break the MT at the nanosecond time scale. Moreover, the breakage between the dimers starts at ~16% of total strain when stretched, which is much smaller compared to the reported strain-at-failure (50%) for lower strain rate loading. It suggests that MT fails at a significantly smaller strain states when loaded at higher strain rates.
Metabolic syndrome status over 2 years predicts incident chronic kidney disease in mid-life adults: a 10-year prospective cohort study
Authors: Lee So Jin , Lee Hun Ju , Oh Hyun jeong , Go Taehwa , Kang Dae Ryong , Kim Jang Young , Huh Ji Hye 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe investigated whether changes in MetS status over two years modify the 10-year risk of CKD and proteinuria. A prospective cohort study was conducted in 7,251 subjects without CKD at baseline. We categorized subjects according to MetS status over two years: non-MetS (no MetS at either visit), intermittent MetS (positive for MetS at one assessment), and persistent MetS (positive for MetS at two assessments). The hazard ratio (HR) of new-onset CKD over 10-year was calculated using Cox models. During the 10-year follow-up period, 923 (12.7%) developed CKD. Compared to the non-MetS group, the fully adjusted HR for new-onset CKD was the highest in the persistent MetS group (HR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.23–1.90), followed by the intermittent MetS group (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.04–1.59) (P for trend <0.001). The HR for developing proteinuria was 1.79 (95% CI, 1.15–2.79) in the persistent MetS group and 0.70 (95% CI, 0.42–1.19) in the intermittent MetS group when the non-MetS group was considered as the reference group. Temporal changes in MetS status over two years influenced the 10-year risk of incident CKD and proteinuria. Our findings suggest that monitoring and strictly controlling MetS are important in preventing renal function decline.
Exploring multiple effects of Zn0.15Mg0.85O nanoparticles on Bacillus subtilis and macrophages
Authors: Auger Sandrine , Henry Céline , Péchoux Christine , Suman Sneha , Lejal Nathalie , Bertho Nicolas , Larcher Thibaut , Stankic Slavica , Vidic Jasmina 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe increasing number of multidrug resistant bacteria raises a serious public-health concern, which is exacerbated by the lack of new antibiotics. Metal oxide nanoparticles are already applied as an antibacterial additive in various products used in everyday life but their modes of action have remained unclear. Moreover, their potential negative effects to human health are still under evaluation. We explored effects of mixed metal oxide Zn0.15Mg0.85O on Bacillus subtilis, as a model bacterial organism, and on murine macrophages. Zn0.15Mg0.85O killed planktonic bacterial cells and prevented biofilm formation by causing membrane damages, oxidative stress and metal ions release. When exposed to a sub-inhibitory amount of Zn0.15Mg0.85O, B. subtilis up-regulates proteins involved in metal ions export, oxidative stress response and maintain of redox homeostasis. Moreover, expression profiles of proteins associated with information processing, metabolism, cell envelope and cell division were prominently changed. Multimode of action of Zn0.15Mg0.85O suggests that no single strategy may provide bacterial resistance. Macrophages tolerated Zn0.15Mg0.85O to some extend by both the primary phagocytosis of nanoparticles and the secondary phagocytosis of damaged cells. Bacterial co-treatment with ciprofloxacin and non-toxic amount of Zn0.15Mg0.85O increased antibiotic activity towards B. subtilis and E. coli.
Evaluation of platelet lysate as a substitute for FBS in explant and enzymatic isolation methods of human umbilical cord MSCs
Authors: Kandoi Sangeetha , L Praveen kumar , Patra Bamadeb , Vidyasekar Prasanna , Sivanesan Divya , S. Vijayalakshmi , K. Rajagopal , Verma Rama Shanker 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have immense potential for cell-based therapy of acute and chronic pathological conditions. MSC transplantation for cell-based therapy requires a substantial number of cells in the range of 0.5–2.5 × 106 cells/kg body weight of an individual. A prolific source of MSCs followed by in vitro propagation is therefore an absolute prerequisite for clinical applications. Umbilical cord tissue (UCT) is an abundantly available prolific source of MSC that are fetal in nature and have higher potential for ex-vivo expansion. However, the ex-vivo expansion of MSCs using a xenogeneic supplement such as fetal bovine serum (FBS) carries the risk of transmission of zoonotic infections and immunological reactions. We used platelet lysate (PL) as a xeno-free, allogeneic replacement for FBS and compared the biological and functional characteristics of MSC processed and expanded with PL and FBS by explant and enzymatic method. UCT-MSCs expanded using PL displayed typical immunophenotype, plasticity, immunomodulatory property and chromosomal stability. PL supplementation also showed 2-fold increase in MSC yield from explant culture with improved immunomodulatory activity as compared to enzymatically dissociated cultures. In conclusion, PL from expired platelets is a viable alternative to FBS for generating clinically relevant numbers of MSC from explant cultures over enzymatic method.
Ribcage measurements indicate greater lung capacity in Neanderthals and Lower Pleistocene hominins compared to modern humans
Authors: García-Martínez Daniel , Torres-Tamayo Nicole , Torres-Sánchez Isabel , García-Río Francisco , Rosas Antonio , Bastir Markus 
Published: August 2018

AbstractOur most recent fossil relatives, the Neanderthals, had a large brain and a very heavy body compared to modern humans. This type of body requires high levels of energetic intake. While food (meat and fat consumption) is a source of energy, oxygen via respiration is also necessary for metabolism. We would therefore expect Neanderthals to have large respiratory capacities. Here we estimate the pulmonary capacities of Neanderthals, based on costal measurements and physiological data from a modern human comparative sample. The Kebara 2 male had a lung volume of about 9.04 l; Tabun C1, a female individual, a lung volume of 5.85 l; and a Neanderthal from the El Sidrón site, a lung volume of 9.03 l. These volumes are approximately 20% greater than the corresponding volumes of modern humans of the same body size and sex. These results show that the Neanderthal body was highly sensitive to energy supply.
The REMBRANDT study, a large collection of genomic data from brain cancer patients
Authors: Gusev Yuriy , Bhuvaneshwar Krithika , Song Lei , Zenklusen Jean-Claude , Fine Howard , Madhavan Subha 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe Rembrandt brain cancer dataset includes 671 patients collected from 14 contributing institutions from 2004–2006. It is accessible for conducting clinical translational research using the open access Georgetown Database of Cancer (G-DOC) platform. In addition, the raw and processed genomics and transcriptomics data have also been made available via the public NCBI GEO repository as a super series GSE108476. Such combined datasets would provide researchers with a unique opportunity to conduct integrative analysis of gene expression and copy number changes in patients alongside clinical outcomes (overall survival) using this large brain cancer study.
Using machine learning algorithms to measure stellar magnetic fields
Authors: Ramírez Vélez J. C. , Yáñez Márquez C. , Córdova Barbosa J. P. 
Published: August 2018

Context.Regression methods based on machine learning algorithms (MLA) have become an important tool for data analysis in many different disciplines.Aims.In this work, we use MLA in an astrophysical context; our goal is to measure the mean longitudinal magnetic field in stars (Heff) from polarized spectra of high resolution, through the inversion of the so-called multi-line profiles.Methods.Using synthetic data, we tested the performance of our technique considering different noise levels: In an ideal scenario of noise-free multi-line profiles, the inversion results are excellent; however, the accuracy of the inversions diminish considerably when noise is taken into account. We therefore propose a data pre-process in order to reduce the noise impact, which consists of a denoising profile process combined with an iterative inversion methodology.Results.Applying this data pre-process, we find a considerable improvement of the inversions results, allowing to estimate the errors associated to the measurements of stellar magnetic fields at different noise levels.Conclusions.We have successfully applied our data analysis technique to two different stars, attaining for the first time the measurement ofHefffrom multi-line profiles beyond the condition of line autosimilarity assumed by other techniques.
Strukturen der Palliativversorgung im Krankenhaus
Authors: Gerhard Christoph 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungNeuerungen des Hospiz- und Palliativgesetzes (HPG) ergeben Chancen für eine bessere Hospiz- und Palliativversorgung im Krankenhaus. Es wurde infolge des HPG eine
eigene Komplexpauschale für multiprofessionelle Palliativdienste im Krankenhaus (OPS 8–98h) gebildet. Außerdem können Palliativstationen jetzt wieder tageweise
statt mittels Fallpauschalen abrechnen, falls das Krankenhaus dies wünscht. Diese Neuerungen aufgrund der vom Gesetzgeber erlassenen Regelungen sind für eine
gelingende Versorgung fortgeschritten Erkrankter und sterbender Menschen im Krankenhaus besonders förderlich. Während Palliativdienste überall im Krankenhaus
multiprofessionell mitbehandeln, sind Palliativstationen besondere Orte für besonders schwer betroffene Menschen.