bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Tradition, and Community Predict Success for BLM Wild Horse Adoptions in Colorado and Texas
Authors: Koncel Mary A. , Rutberg Allen T. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
With almost 50,000 wild horses in holding facilities and declining adoption rates, the U.S. Bureau of Land Management’s wild horse adoption program is in crisis. To improve our understanding of Bureau of Land Management wild horse adopters, we conducted three in-depth interviews with 52 adopters in Colorado and Texas, spaced over their first year of adoption. Questions sought information on the adopters, their adopted horses, and their adoption experiences. The participants who completed all three interviews were uniformly satisfied with their adoptions. We argue that three factors inherent to wild horse culture in these states supported adopter satisfaction: adopters’ previous knowledge about horses, a western North American tradition that values wild horses, and participation in wild horse organizations. A lack of this culture in other regions may explain why they are less welcoming to wild horses and have lower rates of adoptions.
Conjunctures of the “New” World Literature and Migration Studies
Authors: Friedman Susan Stanford 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The essay explores the overlapping discourses in the fields of the “new” world literature and the “new” migration studies, with a focus on their related discourses of circulation and cosmopolitanism. It examines the transnational circulation of writers in addition to texts in twenty-first century world literature with specific discussions of the cosmopolitan treatment of religion in the work of selected diasporic Muslim women writers, featuring Elif Shafak’s The Bastard of Istanbul and Mohja Kahf’s E-Mails from Scheherazad and The Girl in the Tangerine Scarf. The essay considers the importance for diasporic Muslim women writers of Scheherazade as a learned woman and clever storyteller who saves the realm through words, not violence. Confronting Islamophobia and Orientalist fantasies of Muslim women, these authors locate traditions of cosmopolitanism and religious tolerance within their own heritage, not as an exclusive property of the West.
Island Politics
Authors: Ungureanu Delia 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In 1929, the father of surrealism André Breton and his friends published a “world map in the time of the surrealists,” which placed the Pacific in the center with a disappearing Europe and a nonexistent USA, and showing oversized islands from New Guinea to Ireland. During the 1930s, surrealist ideas and practices were creatively transformed beyond recognition by marginal writers who had emigrated to and/or excommunicated surrealists living in Paris. Looking beyond Casanova’s and Moretti’s centers and (semi)peripheries that organize the world system, I argue that by thinking instead of cultural centers like Paris as inhabited simultaneously both by central but also by (semi)peripheral writers we may get new and more nuanced insights into the circulation and transformation of ideas beyond the traditional story of surrealism told by literary histories. Using the example of the French translation of Joyce’s “Anna Livia Plurabelle,” I uncover the hidden story of the transformation of Joyce’s text into a surrealist cognate from the peripheries of surrealism itself.
Multilingual Code-Stitching in Ultraminor World Literatures
Authors: Mani B. Venkat 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This essay explores strategies of world literary comparison when ultraminor literatures are juxtaposed with dominant literary traditions such as the global Anglophone. By bringing an English and a Hindi novel in conversation, the essay underlines their “multilingual” composition, whereby one language becomes a vehicle for several other languages, dialects, sociolects, regional linguistic variations and creole, thus calling for a new critical framework of evaluation within the national and the world-literary sphere. The essay engages with a new theoretical term in world literary studies, “ultraminor literature” in order to re-evaluate two other terms: the “great unread,” and the “untranslatable.” The essay argues that the idea of “untranslatability” denies any room for multi-locational and multilingual histories of linguistic traditions. Furthermore, untranslatability creates hierarchies of readerships and access, which can be confronted by engaging with linguistic code-stitching and the multilingual composition of ultraminor literatures.
National Populism and the European Union
Authors: Martinelli Alberto 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The diffusion of both nationalism and populism is the symptom of a crisis in European democracies. The convergence of nationalist ideology and populist rhetoric is the major challenge that the European Union faces today and can be effectively countered by developing the political project of a truly democratic and supranational union. In this article, I will first outline the distinctive features of nationalism and populism. I will then analyse the major factors fostering the rise of national populism in the European Union countries, and I will conclude by discussing its more effective alternative.
Resolving Surface Rain from GMI High-Frequency Channels: Limits Imposed by the Three-Dimensional Structure of Precipitation
Authors: Guilloteau Clément , Foufoula-Georgiou Efi , Kummerow Christian D. , Petković Veljko 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe scattering of microwaves at frequencies between 50 and 200 GHz by ice particles in the atmosphere is an essential element in the retrieval of instantaneous surface precipitation from spaceborne passive radiometers. This paper explores how the variable distribution of solid and liquid hydrometeors in the atmospheric column over land surfaces affects the brightness temperature (TB) measured by GMI at 89 GHz through the analysis of Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) reflectivity profiles along the 89-GHz beam. The objective is to refine the statistical relations between observed TBs and surface precipitation over land and to define their limits. As GMI is scanning with a 53° Earth incident angle, the observed atmospheric volume is actually not a vertical column, which may lead to very heterogeneous and seemingly inconsistent distributions of the hydrometeors inside the beam. It is found that the 89-GHz TB is mostly sensitive to the presence of ice hydrometeors several kilometers above the 0°C isotherm, up to 10 km above the 0°C isotherm for the deepest convective systems, but is a modest predictor of the surface precipitation rate. To perform a precise mapping of atmospheric ice, the altitude of the individual ice clusters must be known. Indeed, if variations in the altitude of ice are not accounted for, then the high incident angle of GMI causes a horizontal shift (parallax shift) between the estimated position of the ice clusters and their actual position. We show here that the altitude of ice clusters can be derived from the 89-GHz TB itself, allowing for correction of the parallax shift.
Topographic Effects on Radiation in the WRF Model with the Immersed Boundary Method: Implementation, Validation, and Application to Complex Terrain
Authors: Arthur Robert S. , Lundquist Katherine A. , Mirocha Jeffrey D. , Chow Fotini K. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Topographic effects on radiation, including both topographic shading and slope effects, are included in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model, and here they are made compatible with the immersed boundary method (IBM). IBM is an alternative method for representing complex terrain that reduces numerical errors over sloped terrain, thus extending the range of slopes that can be represented in WRF simulations. The implementation of topographic effects on radiation is validated by comparing land surface fluxes, as well as temperature and velocity fields, between idealized WRF simulations both with and without IBM. Following validation, the topographic shading implementation is tested in a semirealistic simulation of flow over Granite Mountain, Utah, where topographic shading is known to affect downslope flow development in the evening. The horizontal grid spacing is 50 m and the vertical grid spacing is approximately 8–27 m near the surface. Such a case would fail to run in WRF with its native terrain-following coordinates because of large local slope values reaching up to 55°. Good agreement is found between modeled surface energy budget components and observations from the Mountain Terrain Atmospheric Modeling and Observations (MATERHORN) program at a location on the east slope of Granite Mountain. In addition, the model captures large spatiotemporal inhomogeneities in the surface sensible heat flux that are important for the development of thermally driven flows over complex terrain.
Palliative care for older people: the psychiatrist's role
Authors: Aziz Victor M. , Saeed Rugiyya 
Published: August 2018

SUMMARYIn this overview we discuss the palliative psychiatric care of older people towards the end of life. We briefly consider ethics, dementia care, delirium, depression, anxiety, grief and physician-assisted suicide. We also discuss hope, dignity, spirituality and existentialism. We hope that this article will encourage clinicians to reflect on the effects of terminal illnesses on the mental health of dying people and the current provision of palliative psychiatric care.LEARNING OBJECTIVES•Appreciate that patient-centred care builds on providing individualised care for the dying person to meet their needs and wishes•Understand the collaborative role of psychiatry in assessing the aetiology and appropriate response to patients presenting with problems of loss, grief, anxiety, depression, hopelessness, suicidal ideation, personality change and confusion•Recognise that maintaining hope and living with hope is a way for terminally ill patients to endure and cope with their sufferingDECLARATION OF INTERESTNone.
Avoidable Mortality: The Core of the Global Cancer Divide
Authors: Knaul Felicia Marie , Arreola-Ornelas Hector , Rodriguez Natalia M. , Méndez-Carniado Oscar , Kwete Xiaoxiao Jiang , Puentes-Rosas Esteban , Bhadelia Afsan 
Published: August 2018

Purpose The incidence of infection-associated cancers and lethality of cancers amenable to treatment are closely correlated with the income of countries. We analyzed a core part of this global cancer divide—the distribution of premature mortality across country income groups and cancers—applying novel approaches to measure avoidable mortality and identify priorities for public policy. Methods We analyzed avoidable cancer mortality using set lower- and upper-bound age limits of 65 and 75 years (empirical approach), applying cancer-specific and country income group–specific ages of death (feasibility approach), and applying cancer-specific ages of death of high-income countries to all low- and middle-income countries (LMICs; social justice approach). We applied these methods to 2015 mortality data on 16 cancers for which prevention is possible and/or treatment is likely to result in cure or significant increase in life expectancy. Results At least 30% and as much as 50% of cancer deaths are premature, corresponding to between 2.6 and 4.3 million deaths each year, and 70% to 80% are concentrated in LMICs. Using the feasibility approach, 36% of cancer deaths are avoidable; with the social justice approach, 45% of cancer deaths are avoidable. Five cancer types—breast, colorectal, lung, liver, and stomach—account for almost 75% of avoidable cancer deaths in LMICs and worldwide. Conclusion Each year, millions of premature cancer deaths could be avoided with interventions focused on four priority areas: infection-associated cancers, lifestyle and risk factors, women’s cancers, and children’s cancers. Our analysis of the global burden and the specific cancer types associated with avoidable cancer mortality suggests significant opportunities for health systems to redress the inequity of the global cancer divide.
Comparison of a Novel Cadaver Model (Fix for Life) With the Formalin-Fixed Cadaver and Manikin Model for Suitability and Realism in Airway Management Training
Authors: van Emden Michael W. , Geurts Jeroen J. , Schober Patrick , Schwarte Lothar A. 
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND:
Manikins are widely used in airway management training; however, simulation of realism and interpatient variability remains a challenge. We investigated whether cadavers embalmed with the novel Fix for Life (F4L) embalmment method are a suitable and realistic model for teaching 3 basic airway skills: facemask ventilation, tracheal intubation, and laryngeal mask insertion compared to a manikin (SimMan 3G) and formalin-fixed cadavers.

METHODS:
Thirty anesthesiologists and experienced residents (“operators”) were instructed to perform the 3 airway techniques in 10 F4L, 10 formalin-fixed cadavers, and 1 manikin. The order of the model type was randomized per operator. Primary outcomes were the operators’ ranking of each model type as a teaching model (total rank), ranking of the model types per technique, and an operator’s average verbal rating score for suitability and realism of learning the technique on the model. Secondary outcomes were the percentages of successfully performed procedures per technique and per model (success rates in completing the respective airway maneuvers). For each of the airway techniques, the Friedman analysis of variance was used to compare the 3 models on mean operator ranking and mean verbal rating scores.

RESULTS:
Twenty-seven of 30 operators (90%) performed all airway techniques on all of the available models, whereas 3 operators performed the majority but not all of the airway maneuvers on all models for logistical reasons. The total number of attempts for each technique was 30 on the manikin, 292 in the F4L, and 282 on the formalin-fixed cadavers. The operators’ median total ranking of each model type as a teaching model was 1 for F4L, 2 for the manikin and, 3 for the formalin-fixed cadavers (P < .001). F4L was considered the best model for mask ventilation (P = .029) and had a higher mean verbal rating score for realism in laryngeal mask airway insertion (P = .043). The F4L and manikin did not differ significantly in other scores for suitability and realism. The formalin-fixed cadaver was ranked last and received lowest scores in all procedures (all P < .001). Success rates of the procedures were highest in the manikin.

CONCLUSIONS:
F4L cadavers were ranked highest for mask ventilation and were considered the most realistic model for training laryngeal mask insertion. Formalin-fixed cadavers are inappropriate for airway management training.
Thermal Behavior Differs between Males and Females during Exercise and Recovery
Authors: VARGAS NICOLE T. , CHAPMAN CHRISTOPHER L. , SACKETT JAMES R. , JOHNSON BLAIR D. , GATHERCOLE ROB , SCHLADER ZACHARY J. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT

Introduction
This study tested the hypothesis that females rely on thermal behavior to a greater extent during and after exercise, relative to males.

Methods
In a 24°C ± 1°C; (45% ± 10% RH) environment, 10 males (M) and 10 females (F) (22 ± 2 yr) cycled for 60 min (metabolic heat production: M, 117 ± 18 W·m−2; F, 129 ± 21 W·m−2), followed by 60-min recovery. Mean skin and core temperatures, skin blood flow and local sweat rates were measured continually. Subjects controlled the temperature of their dorsal neck to perceived thermal comfort using a custom-made device. Neck device temperature provided an index of thermal behavior and mean body temperature provided an index of the stimulus for thermal behavior. Data were analyzed for total area under the curve for exercise and recovery time points. To further isolate the effect of exercise on thermal behavior during recovery, data were also analyzed the minute mean body temperature returned to preexercise levels within a subject.

Results
There were no sex differences in metabolic heat production (P = 0.71) or body temperatures (P ≥ 0.10) during exercise. Area under the curve for neck device temperature during exercise was greater for F (−98.4°C·min−1 ± 33.6°C·min−1 vs −64.5°C·min−1 ± 47.8°C·min−1, P = 0.04), but did not differ during recovery (F, 86.8°C·min−1 ± 37.8°C·min−1; M, 65.6°C·min−1 ± 35.9°C·min−1; P = 0.11). In M, mean skin (P = 0.90), core (P = 0.70) and neck device (P = 0.99) temperatures had recovered by the time that mean body temperature had returned to preexercise levels. However, in F, neck device temperature (P = 0.04) was reduced while core temperature remained elevated (P < 0.01).

Conclusions
Females use thermal behavior during exercise to a greater extent than M. During recovery, thermal behavior may compensate for elevated core temperatures in F despite mean body temperatures returning to preexercise levels.
How Sickle Cell Disease Impairs Skeletal Muscle Function: Implications in Daily Life
Authors: MERLET ANGÈLE N. , CHATEL BENJAMIN , HOURDÉ CHRISTOPHE , RAVELOJAONA MARION , BENDAHAN DAVID , FÉASSON LÉONARD , MESSONNIER LAURENT A. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most frequent life-threatening genetic hemoglobinopathy in the world and occurs due to the synthesis of abnormal hemoglobin S (HbS). hemoglobin S-containing red blood cells (RBC) are fragile, leading to hemolysis and anemia, and adhere to the endothelium, leading to hemorheological and hemodynamical disturbances. In its deoxygenated form, HbS may polymerize, leading to sickling of red blood cells and potentially to vasoocclusive crises. Recent findings observed that SCD patients demonstrate significant skeletal muscle remodeling and display reduced muscle functional capacities, contributing to exercise intolerance and poor quality of life. Although acute high-intensity exercise is not recommended for SCD patients because it may increase the risk of sickling, regular moderate-intensity physical activity could have beneficial effects on skeletal muscle and more generally on the well-being of SCD patients. This article reviews the literature regarding the impact of the disease on muscular tissue characteristics and function, as well as the corresponding implications for SCD patients’ quality of life.
Motivation and experiences of role transition in spousal caregivers of people with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Killner Lauren , Soundy Andrew 
Published: August 2018

Background: Review-based research is required to understand the spousal experiences and role transitions needed when care-giving for patients with multiple sclerosis. The aim of this study was to meet this need by undertaking a synthesis of qualitative research from the experiences of spouses of people with multiple sclerosis. Methods: A qualitative thematic synthesis was undertaken in three stages: a systematic search of the literature; critical appraisal of included studies; and synthesis of data using an a priori framework. Findings: A total of 10 studies with 120 spousal caregivers were included. Three major themes were identified: motivation for care, role transition and relationship changes. Conclusions: The findings present a variety of motivations among spousal caregivers, and report both positive and negative experiences of transition and relationship change. These findings have important implications for healthcare professionals who work closely with caregivers in practice.
Experimental and Atomic Modeling of the Adsorption of Acid Azo Dye 57 to Sepiolite
Authors: Karataş Deniz , Senol-Arslan Dilek , Ozdemir Orhan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSepiolite is a hydrated magnesium silicate with a microporous and mesoporous structure. The fibrous morphology and the alternating blocks and tunnels along the fiber direction of sepiolite make it an ideal material to sequester a variety of organic and inorganic contaminants. The adsorption of various surfactants by organo sepiolites have been experimentally investigated. How this hydrophobic material adsorbs dye molecules at the atomic level, however, is a great mystery. For this reason, the present study focused on the adsorption of acid azo 57 dye molecules to modified sepiolite. For this purpose, the amenability of sepiolite to remove the anionic textile dye (acid azo red dye 57) was first studied in detail. Additionally, a typical cationic surfactant, hexadecyltrimethylammonium Br (HTAB), was used to modify sepiolite to increase the adsorption capacity. Zeta potential measurements on the sepiolite and the HTAB modified sepiolite were also carried out. Moreover, Density Functional Theory (DFT) studies were performed to understand the mechanism of the adsorption of dye molecules to natural and modified sepiolite surfaces. On the basis of the experimental studies, three general systems were theoretically examined: (i) HTAB molecules on sepiolite basal surfaces to represent four Si tetrahedra, (ii) neutral or charged acid azo red dye 57 molecules on sepiolite basal surfaces to represent four Si tetrahedra, and (iii) HTAB on the surface of neutral or charged acid azo red dye 57 molecules as a substrate. The results clearly indicated good agreement between the experimental studies and the theoretical computational DFT studies. For example, the double layer structure found in experimental studies was also demonstrated in DFT studies and confirmed increased adsorption in the presence of acid azo dye 57.
Desire for Sterilization Reversal Among U.S. Females: Increasing Inequalities by Educational Level
Authors: Eeckhaut Mieke C.W. , Sweeney Megan M. , Feng Lei 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCONTEXTFor decades, high reliance on female sterilization in the United States has been accompanied by a high level of desire for sterilization reversal, and less‐educated women have been more likely than better educated women to use the method and desire a reversal. Little is known about how levels of and educational differentials in such desire have changed in recent decades.METHODSData from 4,147 women who reported being sterile from a tubal sterilization in the 1995, 2002 and 2006–2010 waves of the National Survey of Family Growth were analyzed using chi‐square and Wald tests and binary logistic regression analyses. Predicted probabilities were calculated to determine the likelihood of desire for procedure reversal by wave and educational level.RESULTSThe prevalence of desire for sterilization reversal rose by 41%, from 18% in 1995 to 23% in 2002 and 25% in 2006–2010. Overall, women with a bachelor's degree were less likely than those who had not finished high school to desire a reversal (odds ratio, 0.2), and this educational differential was larger in 2006–2010 than in earlier waves. Predicted probabilities indicate that 9% of sterilized women with less than a high school education and 8% of those with a bachelor's degree expressed a desire for procedure reversal in 1995, as did 15% and 3%, respectively, in 2006–2010.CONCLUSIONFuture research should consider how insurance coverage of all methods under the Affordable Care Act may affect use of sterilization and desire for reversal.