bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Air‐Sea Turbulent Fluxes From a Wave‐Following Platform During Six Experiments at Sea
Authors: Bourras Denis , Cambra Rémi , Marié Louis , Bouin Marie‐Noëlle , Baggio Lucio , Branger Hubert , Beghoura Houda , Reverdin Gilles , Dewitte Boris , Paulmier Aurélien , Maes Christophe , Ardhuin Fabrice , Pairaud Ivane , Fraunié Philippe , Luneau Christopher , Hauser Danièle 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTurbulent fluxes at the air‐sea interface are estimated with data collected in 2011 to 2017 with a low‐profile platform during six experiments in four regions. The observations were carried out with moderate winds (2–10 m/s) and averaged wave heights of 1.5 m. Most of the time, there was a swell, with an averaged wave age (the ratio between wave phase speed and wind speed) being equal to 2.8 ± 1.6. Three flux calculation methods are used, namely, the eddy covariance (EC), the inertial dissipation (ID), and the bulk methods. For the EC method, a spectral technique is proposed to correct wind data from platform motion. A mean bias affecting the friction velocity (u*) is then evaluated. The comparison between EC u* and ID u* estimates suggests that a constant imbalance term (ϕimb) equal to 0.4 is required in the ID method, possibly due to wave influence on our data. Overall, the confidence in the calculated u* estimates is found to be on the order of 10%. The values of the drag coefficient (CD) are in good agreement with the parameterizations of Smith (1988, https://doi.org/10.1029/JC093iC12p15467) in medium‐range winds and of Edson et al. (2013, https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO‐D‐12‐0173.1) in light winds. According to our data, the inverse wave age varies linearly with wind speed, as in Edson et al. (2013, https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO‐D‐12‐0173.1), but our estimates of the Charnock coefficient do not increase with wind speed, which is possibly related to sampling swell‐dominated seas. We find that the Stanton number is independent from wind speed.
Impact of Near‐Inertial Waves on Vertical Mixing and Air‐Sea CO2 Fluxes in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Song Hajoon , Marshall John , Campin Jean‐Michel , McGillicuddy Dennis J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe report the significant impact of near‐inertial waves (NIWs) on vertical mixing and air‐sea carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes in the Southern Ocean using a biogeochemical model coupled to an eddy‐rich ocean circulation model. The effects of high‐frequency processes are quantified by comparing the fully coupled solution (ONLINE) to two offline simulations based on 5‐day‐averaged output of the ONLINE simulation: one that uses vertical mixing archived from the ONLINE model (CTRL) and another in which vertical mixing is recomputed from the 5‐day average hydrodynamic fields (5dAVG). In this latter simulation, processes with temporal variabilities of a few days including NIWs are excluded in the biogeochemical simulation. Suppression of these processes reduces vertical shear and vertical mixing in the upper ocean, leading to decreased supply of carbon‐rich water from below, less CO2 outgassing in austral winter, and more uptake in summer. The net change amounts up to one third of the seasonal variability in Southern Ocean CO2 flux. Our results clearly demonstrate the importance of resolving high‐frequency processes such as NIWs to better estimate the carbon cycle in numerical model simulations.
Rupture Energetics in Crustal Rock From Laboratory‐Scale Seismic Tomography
Authors: Aben Franciscus M. , Brantut Nicolas , Mitchell Thomas M. , David Emmanuel C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe energy released during earthquake rupture is partly radiated as seismic waves and mostly dissipated by frictional heating on the fault interface and by off‐fault fracturing of surrounding host rock. Quantification of these individual components is crucial to understand the physics of rupture. We use a quasi‐static rock fracture experiment combined with a novel seismic tomography method to quantify the contribution of off‐fault fracturing to the energy budget of a rupture and find that this contribution is around 3% of the total energy budget and 10% of the fracture energy Gc. The off‐fault dissipated energy changes the physical properties of the rock at the early stages of rupture, illustrated by the 50% drop in elastic moduli of the rock near the fault, and thus is expected to greatly influence later stages of rupture and slip. These constraints are a unique benchmark for calibration of dynamic rupture models.
Snowpack Contributions and Temperature Characterization of Landfalling Atmospheric Rivers in the Western Cordillera of the United States
Authors: Hu J. Michelle , Nolin Anne W. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAtmospheric rivers (ARs) are regions of high water vapor transport in the lower atmosphere. When these air masses encounter mountain ranges, they can produce significantly enhanced orographic precipitation. AR events may substantially influence seasonal mountain snow, an important ecologic and economic resource for Washington, Oregon, and California. To better understand how ARs affect the montane snowpack of these U.S. West Coast states, we used 33 years of Snow Telemetry and Topography Weather data to examine AR and non‐AR storm day temperatures and impacts on snow water equivalent (SWE). We found mean daily minimum temperatures of AR storm days to be 1 to 4 °C warmer and mean daily increases in SWE to be 23% to 57% higher than non‐AR storm days. AR storm days have contributed an average of 23% of effective snowfall to seasonal SWE in the California Sierra Nevada and 34% of effective snowfall to seasonal SWE in the Washington and Oregon Cascades.
Regional Distribution of Mesospheric Small‐Scale Gravity Waves During DEEPWAVE
Authors: Pautet P.‐D. , Taylor M. J. , Eckermann S. D. , Criddle N. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe Deep Propagating Gravity Wave Experiment project took place in June and July 2014 in New Zealand. Its overarching goal was to study gravity waves (GWs) as they propagate from the ground up to ~100 km, with a large number of ground‐based, airborne, and satellite instruments, combined with numerical forecast models. A suite of three mesospheric airglow imagers operated onboard the NSF Gulfstream V (GV) aircraft during 25 nighttime flights, recording the GW activity at OH altitude over a large region (>7,000,000 km2). Analysis of this data set reveals the distribution of the small‐scale GW mean power and direction of propagation. GW activity occurred everywhere and during every flight, even over open oceans with no neighboring tropospheric sources. Over the mountainous regions (New Zealand, Tasmania, isolated islands), mean power reached high values (more than 100 times larger than over the waters), but with a considerable variability. This variability existed from day to day over the same region, but even during the same flight, depending on forcing strength and on the middle atmosphere conditions. Results reveal a strong correlation between tropospheric sources, satellite stratospheric measurements, and mesosphere lower thermosphere airglow observations. The large‐amplitude GWs only account for a small amount of the total (~6%), even though they carry the most momentum and energy. The weaker wave activity measured over the oceans might originate from distance sources (polar vortex, weather fronts), implying that a ducted mechanism helped for their long range propagation.
A Simple Method to Design Irrigation Rate and Duration and Improve Water Use Efficiency
Authors: Assouline Shmuel 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIrrigated agriculture will have to increase production to meet the demand for food of the population of the world. A simple physically based method is presented that allows to determine appropriate irrigation rate and duration to avoid runoff, thus contributing to the design of efficient irrigation. The method relies on the infiltration capacity curve of the soil under interest. This curve allows determination of two important relationships: (a) maximal irrigation rate vs. irrigation dose and (b) irrigation duration versus rate. Two case studies illustrate the application of the method to adapt irrigation to the reduction of soil infiltration capacity resulting from the quality of the irrigation water (treated wastewater) or soil surface sealing. The range of irrigation rates for which duration can be estimated as the ratio between the required dose and the application rate is defined.
Effects of insulin and pathway inhibitors on the PI3K-Akt-mTOR phosphorylation profile in acute myeloid leukemia cells
Authors: Nepstad Ina , Hatfield Kimberley Joanne , Grønningsæter Ida Sofie , Aasebø Elise , Hernandez-Valladares Maria , Hagen Karen Marie , Rye Kristin Paulsen , Berven Frode S. , Selheim Frode , Reikvam Håkon , Bruserud Øystein 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt-mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is constitutively activated in human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells and is regarded as a possible therapeutic target. Insulin is an agonist of this pathway and a growth factor for AML cells. We characterized the effect of insulin on the phosphorylation of 10 mediators in the main track of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway in AML cells from 76 consecutive patients. The overall results showed that insulin significantly increased the phosphorylation of all investigated mediators. However, insulin effects on the pathway activation profile varied among patients, and increased phosphorylation in all mediators was observed only in a minority of patients; in other patients, insulin had divergent effects. Global gene expression profiling and proteomic/phosphoproteomic comparisons suggested that AML cells from these two patient subsets differed with regard to AML cell differentiation, transcriptional regulation, RNA metabolism, and cellular metabolism. Strong insulin-induced phosphorylation was associated with weakened antiproliferative effects of metabolic inhibitors. PI3K, Akt, and mTOR inhibitors also caused divergent effects on the overall pathway phosphorylation profile in the presence of insulin, although PI3K and Akt inhibition caused a general reduction in Akt pT308 and 4EBP1 pT36/pT45 phosphorylation. For Akt inhibition, the phosphorylation of upstream mediators was generally increased or unaltered. In contrast, mTOR inhibition reduced mTOR pS2448 and S6 pS244 phosphorylation but increased Akt pT308 phosphorylation. In conclusion, the effects of both insulin and PI3K-Akt-mTOR inhibitors differ between AML patient subsets, and differences in insulin responsiveness are associated with differential susceptibility to metabolic targeting.
Selection of suitable candidate genes for miRNA expression normalization in Yellow River Carp (Cyprinus carpio. var)
Authors: Wang Fang , Yang Qian-wen , Zhao Wen-Jie , Du Qi-Yan , Chang Zhong-Jie 
Published: June 2019

AbstractYellow River carp is widely cultivated in the world due to its economic value in aquaculture, and the faster growth of females compared to males. It is believed that microRNAs (miRNA) are involved in gonadal differentiation and development. qPCR is the most preferred method for miRNA functional analysis. Reliable reference genes for normalization in qRT-PCR are the key to ensuring the accuracy of this method. The aim of present research was to evaluate as well as identify the efficacy of reference genes for miRNA expression using qRT-PCR in Yellow River carp. Nine ncRNAs (miR-101,miR-23a,let7a,miR-26a,miR-146a,miR-451,U6,5S, and 18S) were chosen and tested in four sample sets: (1) different tissues in adult carp, (2) different tissues in juvenile carp, (3) different early developmental stages of carp, and (4) different developmental stages of carp gonads. The stability and suitability values were calculated using NormFinder, geNorm, and BestKeeper software. The results showed that5Swas a suitable reference gene in different tissues of adult and juvenile carp. The genes5S, 18S, andU6were the most stable reference genes in the early developmental stages of carp.Let-7aandmiR-23awere considered as the suitable reference genes in the development of gonads. All these reference genes were subsequently validated usingmiR-430. The results showed that genes5Sand 18Swere the most suitable reference genes to normalize miRNA expression under normal growth conditions in early different developmental stages. The genesLet-7a, andmiR-23awere the most suitable in different developmental stages. The present study is the first comprehensive study of the stability of miRNA reference genes in Yellow River carp, providing valuable as well as basic data for investigating more accurate miRNA expression during gonadal differentiation and development of carp.
Drivers of diet selection of critically endangered Western Derby eland during the food shortage period within conservation breeding in Senegal
Authors: Hejcmanová Pavla , Miřejovská Magdalena , Homolka Petr , Hejcman Michal 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBrowsers represent a challenge for breeding facilities because of their sensitivity to nutritional management. Western Derby eland (Tautrotragus derbianus derbianus, WDE) is a large browsing antelope with a very diverse diet. Because of its critically endangered status, a small WDE population is kept for conservation purposes in the fenced Fathala reserve (Senegal) and during the critical, hot dry season, the animals are offered supplementary Acacia albida pods. We aimed to identify which woody plant species were preferentially selected/avoided by WDE during the period of food shortage, which plant nutritional properties were drivers of animals’ diet selection, and how this selectivity was affected by supplemental feed. The animals were selective for certain plant species, most for Piliostigma thonningi pods. Preferences decreased with a feed supplement, while avoidances remained intact. Diet selection was connected with chemical traits, mostly by negative correlations to N, Mg, Ca and hemicellulose, which disappeared or were weaker when supplemental feed was offered. Our findings indicate that large browsers during periods of food shortage must cope with inappropriate chemical composition in regard to nutrition and seek to alleviate them not only by diversification of plant species in the diet, but also by adjusting chemical diet quality as a whole.
Another Temporal Processing Deficit in Individuals With Developmental Dyslexia: The Case of Normalization for Speaking Rate
Authors: Gabay Yafit , Najjar Inaas-Jana , Reinisch Eva 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
Developmental dyslexia (DD) has mostly been attributed to arise from phonological impairments; however, several theories indicate a temporal processing deficit as the underlying cause of DD. So far, research examined the influence of temporal cues on concurrent speech sound categorization in DD, but effects of temporal information from a context (e.g., speaking rate) on the perception of subsequent sounds (i.e., “rate normalization”) have not been considered. This study examined whether individuals with DD are capable of implicitly extracting temporal information embedded in context and use it for phoneme categorization to the same extent as healthy readers.

Method

Fifteen individuals diagnosed with DD and 16 healthy readers, all native speakers of Hebrew, listened to context sentences followed by target words. They had to indicate whether the target word sounded more like
taam
(“taste”; a long-vowel response) or
tam
(“naïve”; a short-vowel response). Temporal information of the context was manipulated (slow vs. fast speaking rate sentences) as well as the vowel duration of the target in a 5-step continuum.

Results
Listeners with DD did use the rate context to inform their decisions but to a significantly lesser extent than healthy listeners. In addition, their categorization of the vowel duration continuum was somewhat less distinct than that of the control group.

Conclusions
Individuals with DD are impaired not only in tasks involving direct temporal processing, as shown in previous studies but also in the use of temporal information of a context that impacts the perception of subsequent target words. This inability to fully utilize rate normalization processes may influence the formation of abstract phonological representations in individuals with DD.
Stellenwert des Procalcitonins als Sepsismarker
Authors: Kleinbrahm Kathrin , Wappler Frank , Sakka Samir G. 
Published: June 2019

ZusammenfassungBei einer Sepsis sind eine adäquate Diagnostik und Therapie von wesentlicher prognostischer Bedeutung. Neben der Blutkulturanalyse werden u. a. Biomarker wie das Procalcitonin (PCT) in der Diagnostik und zur Steuerung der antibiotischen Therapie eingesetzt. Aktuelle Daten legen nahe, dass eine PCT-gesteuerte Therapie auch das Outcome verbessern kann. Das PCT als diagnostisches Instrument ist jedoch mit einigen Einschränkungen verbunden.
Synkope, epileptischer oder psychogener Anfall? Der Weg zur richtigen Diagnose
Authors: Baumgartner Tobias , Surges Rainer 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTransient loss of consciousness (TLOC) is a frequent cause of referral to an emergency room. In view of the impact on treatment and the patients’ daily life activities (e. g. profession, driving license), an accurate and timely diagnosis is of uttermost importance. This article provides key features and suggests a practical step-by-step approach of how to differentiate syncope, epileptic and psychogenic non-epileptic seizures as the commonest causes of nontraumatic TLOC.
Blutgerinnungsstörungen unter ECMO- und LVAD-Therapie
Authors: Straub Andreas 
Published: June 2019

ZusammenfassungBei Patienten mit schwerem respiratorischem und kardialem Versagen eignen sich die extrakorporale Membranoxygenierung (ECMO) und linksventrikuläre Herzunterstützungssysteme (LVAD) zur Stabilisierung der Vitalparameter. Deshalb sind ECMO- und LVAD-Systeme zu wichtigen Werkzeugen der modernen Medizin geworden. Sie können jedoch eine Koagulopathie induzieren, die durch hämorrhagische und thromboembolische Komplikationen geprägt ist.
Traumaassoziierte Koagulopathie: Pathophysiologie und Therapie
Authors: Schlömmer Christine , Meier Jens 
Published: June 2019

ZusammenfassungDie anhaltende unkontrollierte Blutung ist eine der führenden Todesursachen bei polytraumatisierten Patienten 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Hypoperfusion durch große Blutverluste führt zu Gewebeschäden, generalisierter Immunantwort sowie Aktivierung des Gerinnungssystems und damit zu einer traumaassoziierten Koagulopathie (TAK) 4, 5. Durch eine adäquate, frühzeitige Behandlung der TAK können Morbidität und Mortalität signifikant reduziert werden.
Diagnose und Differenzialdiagnose von peripheren und zentralen Schwindelsyndromen
Authors: Strupp Michael , Feil Katharina , Zwergal Andreas 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe diagnosis of the various peripheral and central vestibular disorders is mainly based on the patient history (time course, type of symptoms, modulating factors, and accompanying symptoms) and a systematic clinical examination of the vestibular, ocular motor, and cerebellar systems (examination for nystagmus, head impulse test, positional maneuvers, Romberg test and examination for central ocular motor signs). The two most important laboratory tests are the “video-head impulse test” and caloric irrigation. Fortunately, the diagnosis of vestibular disorders has become easier and more precise as a result of the very clinically oriented diagnostic criteria of the Bárány Society (www.jvr-web.org/ICVD.html).
Perioperative Gerinnungsstörungen: Diagnostik und Therapie
Authors: Keller Marius , Magunia Harry 
Published: June 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Behandlung von Blutungen im Rahmen einer Operation ist eine der Kernaufgaben des Anästhesisten. Neben der ständigen Kommunikation mit dem Operateur ist hierfür ein fundiertes Verständnis der vielfältigen Ursachen essenziell, um einen schnellstmöglichen Behandlungserfolg zu erzielen. Der Beitrag stellt die wichtigsten Zusammenhänge zur Diagnostik und Therapie perioperativer Blutungen dar.
Schwindel bei kardiologischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Jilek Clemens , Lewalter Thorsten 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDizziness is a symptom that may be of cardiac origin. Diagnosis and treatment of cardiac diseases is of important prognostic impact. Dizziness may be caused due to two different cardiac disorders: (1) as symptom of a cardioembolic event or (2) as a symptom of a low cardiac output leading to an intermittent global cerebral hypoperfusion. This review article presents diagnostic as well as therapeutic pathways in a comprehensive tabular overview.
Die Bedeutung der Arbeit
Authors: Meyer Thorsten 
Published: June 2019

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,einen essentiellen Aspekt der Teilhabe am gesellschaftlichen Leben als Ziel von Rehabilitation stellt das Erwerbsleben dar. Die Erwerbsarbeit nimmt „…eine zentrale Stellung im Leben eines Menschen ein. Sie dient der materiellen Existenzsicherung, kann sinn- und identitätsstiftend sein, bestimmt zu einem entscheidenden Anteil die ‚soziale Platzierung‘ […] einer Person in der Gesellschaft und stellt aus sozialpolitischer Sicht ein Medium sozialer Integration dar“. – so formuliert es einleitend Susanne Bartel in ihrem Beitrag. Zu dieser Platzierung gehört auch die Strukturierung des Lebenslaufs der meisten erwachsenen Menschen durch die Arbeit. Sie stellt einen fundamentalen gesellschaftlichen Orientierungsrahmen dar. So gibt es eine Zeit, in der von uns erwartet wird, zu arbeiten, und eine Zeit, in der das nicht (mehr) erwartet wird. Diese Grenze verändert sich gerade – vgl. die aktuelle Erhöhung des Renteneintrittsalters auf 67 Jahre – und sie wird unschärfer – vgl. Flexi-Rentengesetz. In der Logik der Leistungsgesellschaft hat die Rehabilitation von Menschen im erwerbsfähigen Alter die Aufgabe, die Erwerbsfähigkeit der Menschen zu erhalten bzw. wiederherzustellen, um sie – nicht zuletzt zur Stabilisierung unserer Sozialversicherungssysteme – möglichst lange im Erwerbsleben zu halten. Rehabilitation setzt dabei auf individueller Ebene an, wohlwissend, dass viele Gründe für eine Gefährdung der Erwerbstätigkeit auf struktureller, gesellschaftlicher Ebene zu finden sind. Der zunehmende Druck auf unsere Sozialversicherungssysteme findet also in dem Druck auf Erwerbstätige, länger im Arbeitsleben zu verbleiben, ihren Aus-druck – und damit auch in den gesellschaftlichen Ansprüchen an die Rehabilitation.
Trockene AMD – zelluläre und gentherapeutische Behandlungsansätze
Authors: Johnen Sandra , Koutsonas Antonis 
Published: June 2019

ZusammenfassungDie zunehmende Anzahl degenerativer Erkrankungen ist zurückzuführen auf unsere immer älter werdende Gesellschaft sowie die diffizile Etablierung definierter Therapiekonzepte. Im Fall der trockenen altersbedingten Makuladegeneration (AMD) und dem späten Stadium der geografischen Atrophie (GA) existieren bislang lediglich verschiedene Behandlungsformen, die eine verzögerte Progression des Krankheitsverlaufs bewirken, jedoch keine Therapie, die in der Lage ist, die geschädigten retinalen Pigmentepithel (RPE) und/oder Photorezeptorzellen wiederherzustellen. Demgegenüber verfolgen zell- und/oder genbasierte Behandlungsansätze das Ziel der Regeneration des geschädigten Gewebes und/oder der kontinuierlichen Sezernierung zellschützender Agenzien. Der Artikel beschreibt die aktuell in der klinischen Austestung befindlichen Ansätze, die auf der Verwendung von zellbasierten Drug-Delivery-Systemen, Stammzellen unterschiedlichen Ursprungs und virusbasierten Gentherapieverfahren beruhen. Abschließend wird ein Ausblick auf verschiedene Therapieweiterentwicklungen gegeben und es werden eigene Forschungsarbeiten vorgestellt, die auf einer Kombination aus Pigmentepithelzelltransplantation und additiver nicht viraler Gentherapie zur Behandlung degenerativer Netzhauterkrankungen basieren.