bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allogeneic Marrow Engraftment Following Whole Body Irradiation in a Patient with Leukemia
Authors: BUCKNER C. DEAN , EPSTEIN ROBERT B. , RUDOLPH ROBERT H. , CLIFT REGINALD A. , STORB RAINER , THOMAS E. DONNALL 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A 46-year-old man with blastic crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia was given 950 rads whole-body irradiation followed immediately by 17.6 x 109 marrow cells. The marrow donor was the patient's sister who matched the patient in 11 of 12 HL-A groups and whose leukocytes reacted to the patient's leukemic cells in mixed leukocyte culture. The patient's white blood cell count began to go up on the 13th day and marrow engraftment was confirmed by repeated cytogenetic analyses. Secondary disease with skin rash and diarrhea was evident by the end of the second week but appeared to be controlled by methotrexate. The patient then developed fever, recurrent diarrhea and pneumonitis and died 56 days after irradiation. Autopsy showed inclusion bodies typical of cytomegalovirus. There was no histological evidence of acute secondary disease nor of leukemia.
Megakaryocytopoiesis in Rats With Special Reference to Polyploidy
Authors: ODELL T. T. , JACKSON C. W. , FRIDAY T. J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The morphologic stage of maturation, ploidy level, and cell size of individual megakaryocytes from the marrow of normal rats were determined; the initial labeling index of this population of megakaryocytes 30 minutes after injection of 3HTdr was also determined. The results suggested some inferences about the flow of cells through the various ploidy and differentiation compartments during the maturation of megakaryocytes. Most 8N Type-I megakaryocytes endoreduplicate and become 16N Type-I cells, while a few mature to 8N Type-II megakaryocytes. Most 16N I cells mature to 16N II although a few endoreduplicate to become 32N I cells; the 32N I cells mature only to 32N II. The Type-I morphologic stage contains two subcompartments that we have not distinguished morphologically, an endoreduplicating subcompartment and a post-DNA-synthesis subcompartment. The time parameter of the latter ranges from about nine to 19 hours. The time parameter of the former depends on the number of endoreduplications undergone by an individual megakaryocyte. The size of megakaryocytes increases both with increases in ploidy level and with cell differentiation.
Complexing of Transcobalamin 2 and Apparent Combination With Heparin
Authors: COOPER BERNARD A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
57Co cyanocobalamin mixed with serum filters through sephadex G-150 in two fractions, corresponding to apparent molecular weights of about 120,000 and 36,000, respectively. Much of the native B12 also filters in these fractions, but some is excluded from the gel, and a large fraction filters in the position of free B12. When heparin is mixed with serum or plasma, most of the B12 filters with the 120,000 fraction. When EDTA is mixed with serum or plasma not containing heparin, less 57CoB12 filters in the 120,000 fraction, and more filters in the 36,000 fraction. The 120,000 and 36,000 fractions cannot therefore be assumed to correspond precisely with transcobalamin 1 and 2, respectively.
It is suggested that heparin binds transcobalamin 2 and that EDTA dissociates either TC2 complexes or some of the TC1.
G-6-PD Tripler: A Unique Variant Associated with Chronic Hemolytic Disease
Authors: ENGSTROM PAUL F. , BEUTLER ERNEST 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A 52-year-old Caucasian was hospitalized for recurring jaundice. Laboratory tests established a compensated hemolytic anemia due to partial erythrocyte G-6-PD deficiency. Biochemical characterization of the affected enzyme uncovered a unique variant: G-6-PD Tripler. Its significant properties include marked thermal instability, an electrophoretic mobility slower than the normal B variant in all systems studied, and slightly increased affinity for the substrate G-6-P.
Acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis Studies of Human Erythrocyte Membrane
Authors: LIMBER GERALD K. , DAVIS ROY F. , BAKERMAN SEYMOUR 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A sensitive system has been presented for the isolation of erythrocyte membrane and the separation of its solubilized components by acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Comparisons were made between the membrane from both normal patients and patients with hereditary spherocytosis. While variation in a specific band on electrophoresis could be correlated with the disease state, no such variation existed among the normal membrane samples. The possible reasons for these observations are discussed.
Brief Report: Aspirin Ingestion Compared with Bleeding Disorders—Search for a Useful Platelet Antiaggregant
Authors: WEISS HARVEY J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In Aspirin Ingestion Compared with Bleeding Disorders—Search for a Useful Platelet Antiaggregant, by Harvey J. Weiss (Blood 35: No. 3, March, 333-340, 1970), Table 1, third column, fifth line, + + + 0 should read 0.
Cold-reacting Antibodies: Differences in the Reaction of Anti-I Antibodies with Adult and Cord Red Blood Cells
Authors: ROSSE WENDELL F. , SHERWOOD JUDITH BRIMBERG 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The reactions of anti-I cold-agglutinin antibodies with the red cells from normal adults (adult-I) and adult-i donors and from newborn infants have been investigated by the use of the C'1a Fixation and Transfer Test of Borsos and Rapp. Agglutination and high concentration of serum reduce the amounts of the C'1a fixation by these antibodies. Inhibition by serum is due to an inhibitor of C'1a. A single molecule of antibody is required for the fixation of one molecule of C'1a to either adult or cord cells. There was great variability in the amount of anti-I antibody and C'1a fixed by different adult cells and by different cord cells. Although the two ranges overlapped considerably, the amount of antibody fixed by cord cells was somewhat less than that fixed by adult cells. The difference between cord cells or "low-reactivity" adult-I cells and "high-reactivity" adult-I cells is not due to the presence of different or extra antigens on the latter since cord and "low-reactivity" adult I cells are able to absorb all antibody from the antiserum which reacts with "high-reactivity" adult-I cells. The difference between adult-I and cord cells (or adult-i cells) was reduced by pretreatment of the cells with papain and was increased by increasing the temperature at which the reactions were performed. These studies suggest that the difference between adult red cells and cord (or adult i) red cells with regard to the fixation of cold agglutinin antibody is due in large part to a difference in the "affinity" of the antibody and the antigen on the cell surface rather than to a major difference in the number of antigen sites.
A Study on Time- and Radiation-dependent Changes in the Frequency of Lymphocytes with Chromosome Aberrations in the Circulation, Following Multiple Exposures of the Pelvis to γ-Irradiation
Authors: TAMURA HIROAKI , SAKURAI MASAHARU , SUGAHARA TSUTOMU 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Unstable chromosome aberrations of peripheral lymphocytes were observed during the course of radiotherapy in patients with cervical cancer. They did not increase monotonously with repeated exposures, but a plateau was observed around the second week of treatment. Similar tendencies were observed in both 72-hour and 50-hour culture experiments, although the number of abberrations was lower in the former. The distribution of numbers of dicentrics per cell fitted well the Poisson pattern throughout the period of observation. Peripheral lymphocyte counts reached a low plateau before the fifth exposure, and dropped again in the third week. It was speculated that the "member exchange" and/or mobilization of lymphocytes caused the nonlinear increase in chromosome aberrations.
Studies on the Use of "Prophylactic" Intrathecal Amethopterin in Childhood Leukemia
Authors: MELHORN DAVID K. , GROSS SAMUEL , FISHER BARRY J. , NEWMAN ARTHUR J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Central nervous system infiltration was studied in a group of 47 children with acute leukemia. CNS involvement was found to occur more frequently and appear more rapidly in patients who presented with elevated peripheral WBC counts. CNS infiltration not suspected clinically was identified by spinal fluid examination in a significant minority of children at the time of the initial diagnosis of leukemia, indicating that lumbar puncture should be a routine part of the initial evaluation of patients with acute leukemia. Intrathecal amethopterin administered "prophylactically" at the time of initial diagnosis of leukemia did not prevent or decrease the frequency of occurrence of CNS infiltration. However, it did delay the onset of CNS involvement in patients with elevated WBC counts. Intrathecal amethopterin administered before the onset of CNS infiltration appears to be useful in delaying morbidity resulting from CNS involvement in children who present with elevated peripheral WBC counts.
Energy Metabolism in Human Platelets:Interrelationship Between Glycolysis and Oxidative Metabolism
Authors: DOERY J. C.G. , HIRSH J. , COOPER I. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Glycolysis and oxidative metabolism were assessed in washed human platelets incubated in a Ca++ and Mg++ free Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer, pH 7.4 at 37° C for 1 hour. Glycolytic rate was 45-65 per cent lower under aerobic than anaerobic conditions. Glycolysis was decreased further when albumin was present in the incubation medium and under these conditions glucose uptake, glycogen utilization and lactate production were 21.4, 15.8 and 78 µmoles/hr. per 1011 platelets, respectively. The oxidation of 6-14C glucose was 0.39 µmoles/hr. per 1011 platelets and of U-14C palmitate 0.19 µmoles/hr. per 1011 platelets, and the rate of oxidation of either substrate was increased in the absence of the other. The uncoupling agent, dinitrophenol, stimulated oxidation of glucose to a much larger extent than fatty acid. It is concluded that both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation are important to platelet energy metabolism, that either pathway may compensate for decreased activity of the other and that, under conditions of metabolic stress, glucose is preferred to fatty acids as a substrate for oxidative metabolism.
Variant of Factor IX Deficiency in Female with 45, X Turner’s Syndrome
Authors: BITHELL THOMAS C. , PIZARRO ALEJANDRO , MACDIARMID WILLIAM D. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The case of an 11-year-old girl with a severe bleeding diathesis, a factor IX level of 4 per cent, and 45, X Turner’s syndrome is described. Family studies revealed severe factor IX deficiency in 4 male relatives and mild deficiencies in 4 heterozygous female carriers. The Bm or B+ variant of this disorder was demonstrated in all affected members of the kindred.
The Effect of Transferrin-free Serum on the Utilization of Iron by Rabbit Reticulocytes
Authors: ELDOR A. , MANNY N. , IZAK G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A transferrin-free serum, produced by removing the siderophilin with a specific antitransferrin antibody, was incapable of stimulating the entry of iron into reticulocytes, unless it was reconstituted with pure transferrin-iron complex. These observations militate against the existence of serum factor(s), other than transferrin, capable of stimulating the incorporation of iron into reticulocytes. Comparing the effects of whole serum, pure transferrin, transferrin-free serum, and the latter reconstituted with pure transferrin, it was found that normal, pooled human serum augmented the utilization of intracellular iron for heme production, which transferrin alone did not achieve.
Relative Labeling of Leukocytes, Erythrocytes and Platelets in Human Blood by 51Chromium
Authors: EYRE HARMON J. , ROSEN PETER J. , PERRY SEYMOUR 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Relative labeling of peripheral blood cells by 51-chromium was determined by means of a sucrose gradient density separation technic and confirmed by radioautography. Large lymphocytes and monocytes were found to be more heavily labeled than small lymphocytes and granulocytes. Erythrocytes and platelets were relatively lightly labeled. These differences in labeling are important in evaluating data obtained when 51-chromium is utilized as a cell label for the study of leukocyte kinetics.
Hematological Observations on the Anemia Associated with Blood Type Rhnull
Authors: STURGEON PHILLIP 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this report is to direct attention of hematologists to a mild chronic hemolytic anemia, of unexplained etiology, characterized by the remarkable absence of all Rh-Hr factors. There are also defects in the Ss, U blood group determinants. The anemia has most of the routine hematological characteristics of mild stomatocytosis and/or hereditary spherocytosis. Like hereditary spherocytosis, it shows no abnormalities of intraerythrocytic enzymes nor of membrane lipids. Unlike hereditary spherocytosis, however, its inheritance is recessive. The proposed basis for this hemolytic anemia is homozygosity for a gene whose normal allele produces components of the erythrocyte membrane which function in the maintenance of intracellular osmotic equilibrium and which serves as substrate for the action of both the products of the Rh-Hr genes and of the genes of the MNSs, U and, possibly, of the Fy systems.
Autoradiography of Diffusible Compounds in Human Nonnucleated Erythrocytes: Studies with Tritiated Glucose and Adenine
Authors: GREENWALT TIBOR J. , PAIGE JOSEPH C. , ETOH NOBUKOH , STEANE EDWIN A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In Autoradiography of Diffusible Compounds in Human Nonnucleated Erythrocytes: Studies with Tritiated Glucose and Adenine by Greenwalt et al. (Blood 35: No. 5, May, 624-636), Table 1, last line, P < 0.1 should read P > 0.1; page 631, second paragraph, seventh line, 98, 20 and 11 per cent should read 88, 23 and 11 per cent.
Leukocyte Transfusions: Function of Transfused Granulocytes from Donors with Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia
Authors: EYRE HARMON J. , GOLDSTEIN IRA M. , PERRY SEYMOUR , GRAW ROBERT G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The in vivo function of chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) leukocytes transfused into infected patients with severe neutropenia was evaluated and the results in four representative patients are reported. The intravascular survival, extravascular migration, and phagocytic capacity of these cells appeared normal in two patients without preformed leukoagglutinins. In two other patients who had only small transient increments in circulating granulocytes and severe transfusion reactions, preformed leukoagglutinins were found. The poor granulocyte recoveries in these patients with antibody could probably be explained by splenic sequestration of the transfused cells. These studies provide evidence supporting the use of CML leukocyte transfusions in patients without preformed leukocyte antibodies.
The Morphological Identity of Maternal Cells in Newborn Mice
Authors: BARNES RONALD D. , HOLLIDAY JEAN 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The placenta has been considered an anatomical barrier which prevents maternal rejection of the fetal allograft. This view is no longer tenable since, in one particular inbred strain of mouse, maternal blood cells have been identified by means of radioisotope labels in newborn mice. Both maternal red cells and lymphocytes labeled, respectively, with radiochromium and tritiated thymidine have been detected in newborn mice. This phenomenon appears independent of the trauma of normal delivery and, what is more, occurs before term.
Erythropoietin and the Regulation of Erythropoiesis in DiGuglielmo’s Syndrome
Authors: ADAMSON J. W. , FINCH C. A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Observations relating to the regulation of red cell production in four patients with DiGuglielmo’s syndrome and one with malignant lymphoma are presented. Erythropoiesis in these patients was characterized by bizarre forms, marked erythroid hyperplasia and ineffective erythropoiesis. Erythropoietin excretion was elevated, in keeping with the degree of anemia. Hypertransfusion of these patients resulted in a marked decrease in erythropoietin excretion and a reduction in marrow erythroid hyperplasia although morphologic abnormalities of the individual cells in both granulocytic and erythroid cell lines remained. The alteration in marrow function in response to transfusions was reflected by the E:G ratio and in iron kinetic and reticulocyte measurements which demonstrated a decline in both total and effective erythropoiesis. It is concluded that proliferation of the erythroid marrow in these patients is under physiologic regulation and that the defects observed are expressed during cell maturation.
Long-term Effects of Local Irradiation of the Marrow on Erythron and Red Cell Function
Authors: NELP WIL B. , GOHIL MAHENDRA N. , LARSON STEVEN M. , BOWER RAE ELLEN 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Changes in erythron and RE cell function were examined in the marrow of the rabbit after 250-5000 R of localized irradiation by comparing the amount of 59Fe and 99mTc sulfur colloid concentrated in the irradiated tibiofibula to that in the unirradiated control. At all levels of irradiation, there was immediate and severe loss of erythron function while RE cell activity remained nearly intact. Erythron function showed prompt partial recovery to a maximum level at approximately 8 days but with doses greater than 1000 R there was a secondary decline to 20 per cent of normal during the next 8 weeks. After 15 days, RE cell function had decreased to the same level as the erythron and subsequently fell in parallel with it. After 15 months, the marrow showed a secondary recovery of both RE cell and erythron function to 50 and 66 per cent of normal. The results of these experiments suggest that radiocolloid photoscans of the marrow showing decreased or absent RE cell activity will reflect a similar degree of erythropoietic damage if the studies are obtained weeks or months following radiation therapy.
Perturbation of Generation Cycle of Human Leukemic Blast Cells by Cytostatic Therapy In Vivo: Effect of Corticosteroids
Authors: ERNST PETER , KILLMANN SVEN-AAGE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The in vivo cell cycle effects of intensive short-term corticosteroid treatment on bone marrow lymphoblasts have been studied in five patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In repeated bone marrow samples, the following parameters were determined: mitotic index, stathmokinetic index after vincristine, 3H-thymidine labeling index and single cell DNA content. It is concluded that prednisone has a general destructive effect both on actively proliferating and on quiescent leukemic lymphoblasts. Besides, prednisone has an additional effect on proliferating lymphoblasts which manifests itself by a decreased influx from G1 phase into DNA synthesis phase. From the present data it cannot be decided whether this is due to a depopulation of the G1 pool or results from an arrest of cells in G1. No evidence has been found for selective cell death during DNA synthesis. Some implications of this cytokinetic perturbation for therapeutic combination of corticosteroids with methotrexate and vincristine are discussed.
Variation in Survival Among Patients With Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: ZIPPIN C. , CUTLER S. J. , REEVES W. J. , LUM D. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Survival of 873 acute lymphocytic leukemia patients has been reviewed in relation to a number of patient and disease characteristics at first hospital admission. Study of survival by individual years of age at diagnosis led to the selection of five age intervals: 1-3, 4-10, 11-19, 20-49, and 50 years and over. For each sex the survival after age 10 was considerably poorer than for the younger ages. The best survival for any age-sex group was that for girls 4-10, who had a median survival time of 14.0 months compared with an overall median survival time of 7.8 months for patients of both sexes over 1 year of age. We attempted to determine whether a favorable distribution of other factors related to survival might work to the advantage of girls in the 4-10 year age group. However, in studying factors such as symptoms and hematological characteristics it was the pattern, rather than the exception, to find within most levels of a characteristic under study, that girls 4-10 had the best survival. It would be interesting and potentially valuable to see whether the findings in this study are confirmed in other series. If a specific age-sex group tends to maintain a superior survival pattern, additional exploration of prognostic factors may uncover important leads concerning the biology of the disease.
The In Vitro Colony-forming Cell and the Response to Neutropenia
Authors: RICKARD KEVIN A. , MORLEY ALEC , HOWARD DONALD , STOHLMAN FREDERICK 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The in vitro colony-forming cell has been studied in murine bone marrow during a phase of enhanced granulopoiesis secondary to irradiation-induced neutropenia. It is suggested that the in vitro colony-forming cell derives from a primitive proliferating granulocytic precursor cell. The primary bone marrow response to neutropenia appears to occur in this committed myeloid stem cell compartment, the size of which appears inversely related to the blood neutrophil level. Because of these findings, a humoral regulator of granulopoiesis with a primary site of action at the committed myeloid stem cell level has been postulated.
Identity and Proliferation of Small Lymphocyte Precursors in Cultures of Lymphocyte-rich Fractions of Guinea Pig Bone Marrow
Authors: YOSHIDA Y. , OSMOND D. G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Radioautography with 3H-thymidine was used to examine the proliferative activity of bone marrow lymphoid cells and to identify the precursor cells of small lymphocytes in short-term cultures of lymphocyte-rich marrow fractions. High concentrations of small lymphocytes (nuclear diameters less than 8.0 µ in smears) together with large lymphoid ("transitional") cells (nuclear diameters greater than 8.0 µ) were separated from suspensions of guinea pig bone marrow by centrifugation in linear sucrose-serum density gradients. When such lymphocyte-rich marrow fractions were cultured in vitro the labeling and mitotic indices following either continuous or terminal exposure to 3H-thymidine indicated that the large lymphoid cells were confined mainly to the pre-DNA-synthetic (G1) and early DNA-synthetic (S) phases at first, but proceeded subsequently through S phase and mitosis. From these data tentative values were derived for the in vitro duration of G1 (12 hours) and S (13.7 hours). Further cultures were followed radioautographically after a 1-hour pulse of 3H-thymidine at 6-7 hours of culture. The absolute numbers of labeled large lymphoid cells declined during the subsequent 21 hours but, simultaneously, labeled small lymphocytes appeared and increased progressively in absolute numbers to 44.4 ± 8.1 per cent of the initial numbers of labeled large lymphoid cells. The mean grain count of labeled small lymphocytes was half that of the initially labeled large lymphoid cells. Very few labeled undifferentiated cells other than large lymphoid cells were observed. The results demonstrate that lymphocyte-rich marrow fractions are capable of sustaining the production of small lymphocytes in short-term cultures and that the immediate precursors of marrow small lymphocytes are contained within a population of large lymphoid cells.