bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbonate Dissolution Enhanced by Ocean Stagnation and Respiration at the Onset of the Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum
Authors: Ilyina Tatiana , Heinze Mathias 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum was a transient, carbon‐induced global warming event, considered the closest analog to ongoing climate change. Impacts of a decrease in deepwater formation during the onset of the Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum suggested by proxy data on the carbon cycle are not yet fully understood. Using an Earth System Model, we find that changes in overturning circulation are key to reproduce the deoxygenation and carbonate dissolution record. Weakening of the Southern Ocean deepwater formation and enhancement of ocean stratification driven by warming cause an asymmetry in carbonate dissolution between the Atlantic and Pacific basins suggested by proxy data. Reduced ventilation results in accumulation of remineralization products (CO2 and nutrients) in intermediate waters, thereby lowering O2 and increasing CO2. As a result, carbonate dissolution is triggered throughout the water column, while the ocean surface remains supersaturated. Our findings contribute to understanding of the long‐term response of the carbon cycle to climate change.
Black Carbon Amplifies Haze Over the North China Plain by Weakening the East Asian Winter Monsoon
Authors: Lou Sijia , Yang Yang , Wang Hailong , Smith Steven J. , Qian Yun , Rasch Philip J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBlack carbon (BC) has previously been found to intensify haze in China by stabilizing the planetary boundary layer. With ocean, sea ice, and cloud feedbacks included in a global aerosol‐climate model, we show that BC emitted from the North China Plain can be transported to the oceans, which in turn changes cloud structure and land‐sea thermal contrast. As a result, East Asian winter monsoon wind speeds decrease over the North China Plain. This decrease causes air stagnation that can further intensify haze. Our results suggest that in addition to the local BC‐induced interactions between aerosol and the planetary boundary layer, BC can also amplify haze in the North China Plain by weakening East Asian winter monsoon through ocean, sea ice, and cloud feedbacks. It implies that reducing BC emissions could have significant indirect benefits for air quality in the North China Plain.
Natural Variability Has Slowed the Decline in Western U.S. Snowpack Since the 1980s
Authors: Siler Nicholas , Proistosescu Cristian , Po‐Chedley Stephen 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSpring snowpack in the mountains of the western United States has not declined substantially since the 1980s, despite significant global and regional warming. Here we show that this apparent insensitivity of snowpack to warming is a result of changes in the atmospheric circulation over the western United States, which have reduced snowpack losses due to warming. Climate model simulations indicate that the observed circulation changes have been driven in part by a shift in Pacific sea surface temperatures that is attributable to natural variability, and not part of the simulated response to anthropogenic forcing. Removing the influence of natural variability reveals a robust anthropogenic decline in western U.S. snowpack since the 1980s, particularly during the early months of the accumulation season (October–November). These results suggest that the recent stability of western U.S. snowpack will be followed by a period of accelerated decline once the current mode of natural variability subsides.
Modeling the Global Sowing and Harvesting Windows of Major Crops Around the Year 2000
Authors: Iizumi Toshichika , Kim Wonsik , Nishimori Motoki 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe lack of spatially detailed crop calendars is a significant source of uncertainty in modeling, monitoring, and forecasting crop production. In this paper, we present a rule‐based model to estimate the sowing and harvesting windows of major crops over the global land area. The model considers field workability due to snow cover and heavy rainfall in addition to crop biological requirements for heat, chilling, and moisture. Using daily weather data for the period 1996–2005 as model input, we derive calendars for maize, rice, winter and spring wheat, and soybeans around the year 2000 with a spatial resolution of 0.5° in latitude and longitude. Separate calendars for rainfed and irrigated conditions and three representative varieties (short‐, medium‐ and long‐season varieties) are estimated. The daily probabilities of sowing and harvesting derived using the model well capture the major characteristics of reported calendars. Our modeling reveals that field workability is an important determinant of sowing and harvesting dates and that multicropping patterns influence the calendars of individual crops. The case studies show that the model is capable of capturing multicropping patterns such as triple rice cropping in Bangladesh, double rice cropping in the Philippines, winter wheat‐maize rotations in France, and maize‐winter wheat‐soybean rotations in Brazil. The model outputs are particularly valuable for agricultural and hydrological applications in regions where existing crop calendars are sparse or unreliable.
Sex difference in association of symptoms and white matter deficits in first-episode and drug-naive schizophrenia
Authors: Lang Xiao-E , Zhu Daomin , Zhang Guangya , Du Xiangdong , Jia Qiufang , Yin Guangzhong , Chen Dachun , Xiu Meihong , Cao Bo , Wang Li , Li Xiaosi , Soares Jair C. , Zhang Xiang Yang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAccumulating evidence shows that disruption of white matter (WM) may be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, even at the onset of psychosis. However, very few studies have explored sex difference in its association with psychopathology in schizophrenia. This study aims to compare sex differences in clinical features and WM abnormalities in first-episode and drug-naive (FEDN) schizophrenia among Han Chinese inpatients. The WM fractional anisotropy (FA) values of the whole-brain were determined using voxel-based diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in 39 (16 males and 23 females) FEDN patients with schizophrenia and 30 healthy controls (13 males and 17 females) matched for gender, age, and education. Patient psychopathology was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS).Our results showed that compared with the controls, the patients showed widespread areas of lower FA, including corpus callosum, brainstem, internal capsule, cingulate, and cerebellum (all adjustedp < 0.01). Further, male patients showed lower FA values in left cingulate (F = 4.92,p = 0.033), but higher scores on the PANSS total, positive, and general psychopathology subscale scores (allp < 0.01) than female patients. Multivariate regression analysis showed that for male patients, FA values in right corpus callosum were positively associated with the PANSS total (beta = 0.785,t = 3.76,p = 0.002) and the negative symptom scores (beta = 0.494,t = 2.20,p = 0.044), while for female patients, FA values in left cingulate were negatively associated with the PANSS positive symptom score (beta = −0.717,t = −2.25,p = 0.041). Our findings indicate sex difference in white matter disconnectivity and its association with psychopathological symptoms in an early course of schizophrenia onset.
Lack of the brain-specific isoform of apoptosis-inducing factor aggravates cerebral damage in a model of neonatal hypoxia–ischemia
Authors: Rodriguez Juan , Zhang Yaodong , Li Tao , Xie Cuicui , Sun Yanyan , Xu Yiran , Zhou Kai , Huo Kaiming , Wang Yafeng , Wang Xiaoyang , Andersson Daniel , Ståhlberg Anders , Xing Qinghe , Mallard Carina , Hagberg Henrik , Modjtahedi Nazanine , Kroemer Guido , Blomgren Klas , Zhu Changlian 
Published: December 2018

AbstractApoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) may contribute to neuronal cell death, and its influence is particularly prominent in the immature brain after hypoxia–ischemia (HI). A brain-specific AIF splice-isoform (AIF2) has recently been discovered, but has not yet been characterized at the genetic level. The aim of this study was to determine the functional and regulatory profile of AIF2 under physiological conditions and after HI in mice. We generated AIF2 knockout (KO) mice by removing the AIF2-specific exon and found that the relative expression of Aif1 mRNA increased in Aif2 KO mice and that this increase became even more pronounced as Aif2 KO mice aged compared to their wild-type (WT) littermates. Mitochondrial morphology and function, reproductive function, and behavior showed no differences between WT and Aif2 KO mice. However, lack of AIF2 enhanced brain injury in neonatal mice after HI compared to WT controls, and this effect was linked to increased oxidative stress but not to caspase-dependent or -independent apoptosis pathways. These results indicate that AIF2 deficiency exacerbates free radical production and HI-induced neonatal brain injury.
Pharmacological stimulation of NQO1 decreases NADPH levels and ameliorates acute pancreatitis in mice
Authors: Shen AiHua , Kim Hyung-Jin , Oh Gi-Su , Lee Su-Bin , Lee SeungHoon , Pandit Arpana , Khadka Dipendra , Sharma Subham , Kim Seon Young , Choe Seong-Kyu , Yang Sei-Hoon , Cho Eun-Young , Shim Hyuk , Park Raekil , Kwak Tae Hwan , So Hong-Seob 
Published: December 2018

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) regulates the activation of inflammatory cascades and tissue damage in acute pancreatitis. NADPH oxidase (NOX) is upregulated in pancreatitis and is one of the major enzymes involved in ROS production using NADPH as a general rate-limiting substrate. Dunnione, a well-known substrate of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), reduces the ratio of cellular NADPH/NADP+ through the enzymatic action of NQO1. This study assessed whether a reduction in cellular NADPH/NADP+ ratio can be used to regulate caerulein-induced pancreatic damage associated with NOX-induced ROS production in animal models. Dunnione treatment significantly reduced the cellular NADPH/NADP+ ratio and NOX activity through the enzymatic action of NQO1 in the pancreas of the caerulein-injection group. Similar to these results, total ROS production and expressions of mRNA and protein for NOX subunits Nox1, p27phox, p47phox, and p67phox also decreased in the dunnione-treated group. In addition, caerulein-induced pancreatic inflammation and acinar cell injury were significantly reduced by dunnione treatment. This study is the first to demonstrate that modulation of the cellular NADPH:NADP+ ratio by enzymatic action of NQO1 protects acute pancreatitis through the regulation of NOX activity. Furthermore, these results suggest that modulation of the NADPH:NADP+ ratio in cells by NQO1 may be a novel therapeutic strategy for acute pancreatitis.
Midostaurin potentiates rituximab antitumor activity in Burkitt’s lymphoma by inducing apoptosis
Authors: Ge Xiaowen , Chen Jianfeng , Li Ling , Ding Peipei , Wang Qi , Zhang Wei , Li Luying , Lv Xinyue , Zhou Danlei , Jiang Zhengzeng , Zeng Haiying , Xu Yifan , Hou Yingyong , Hu Weiguo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAn intensive short-term chemotherapy regimen has substantially prolonged the overall survival of Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL) patients, which has been further improved by addition of rituximab. However, the inevitable development of resistance to rituximab and the toxicity of chemotherapy remain obstacles. We first prepared two BL cell lines resistant to rituximab-mediated CDC. Using a phosphorylation antibody microarray, we revealed that PI3K/AKT pathway contained the most phosphorylated proteins/hits, while apoptosis pathway that may be regulated by PKC displayed the greatest fold enrichment in the resistant cells. The PI3K/AKT inhibitor IPI-145 failed to reverse the resistance. In contrast, the pan-PKC inhibitor midostaurin exhibited potent antitumor activity in both original and resistant cells, alone or in combination with rituximab. Notably, midostaurin promoted apoptosis by reducing the phosphorylation of PKC and consequently of downstream Bad, Bcl-2 and NF-κB. Therefore, midostaurin improved rituximab activity by supplementing pro-apoptotic effects. In vivo, midostaurin alone powerfully prolonged the survival of mice bearing the resistant BL cells compared to rituximab alone treatments. Addition of midostaurin to rituximab led to dramatically improved survival compared to rituximab but not midostaurin monotherapy. Our findings call for further evaluation of midostaurin alone or in combination with rituximab in treating resistant BL in particular.
Inhibition of SIRT2 limits tumour angiogenesis via inactivation of the STAT3/VEGFA signalling pathway
Authors: Hu Fuqing , Sun Xuling , Li Geng , Wu Qi , Chen Yaqi , Yang Xi , Luo Xuelai , Hu Junbo , Wang Guihua 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMounting evidence has demonstrated that angiogenesis plays an important role in tumour progression. However, the key regulators in tumour angiogenesis remain unclear. Recently, emerging reports have indicated that SIRT2 plays critical roles in proliferation, metastasis and tumourigenesis in diverse tumours. However, the function of SIRT2 in tumour angiogenesis and the mechanism underlying the regulation of angiogenesis by SIRT2 are still unknown. Here, we found that SIRT2 was upregulated in colorectal cancer tissues compared to that in normal samples and that the elevated SIRT2 was associated with poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer. In addition, a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to demonstrate the role of SIRT2 in tumour angiogenesis. We showed that silencing SIRT2 significantly suppressed tumour angiogenesis. Mechanistically, the knockdown of SIRT2 inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation, causing decreased secretion of VEGFA. Notably, we found that SIRT2 directly interacted with STAT3 and affected the phosphorylation of STAT3 and the translocation of phosphorylated STAT3 to the nucleus. Importantly, a series of rescue experiments suggested that the function of SIRT2 in tumour angiogenesis depends on the STAT3/VEGFA signalling pathway. Our findings provide insight into the important role of SIRT2 in colon tumour angiogenesis and suggest that SIRT2/STAT3/VEGFA might be a novel prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for patients with colorectal cancer.
SEC24A identified as an essential mediator of thapsigargin-induced cell death in a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen
Authors: Chidawanyika Tamutenda , Sergison Elizabeth , Cole Michael , Mark Kenneth , Supattapone Surachai 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEndoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress from accumulated misfolded proteins in the ER can activate the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR acts either to restore proteostasis or to activate cell death pathways if the stress cannot be resolved. The key downstream effectors in these pathways have been studied extensively. However, in comparison, stressor-specific key mediators are not as well characterized. In this study, we sought to identify and compare the genes that are necessary for cell death induced by three classic pharmacological ER stressors with different mechanisms of action: thapsigargin, tunicamycin, and brefeldin A. We conducted genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9-based loss-of-function screens against these agents in HAP1 cells, which are a near-haploid cell line. Our screens confirmed that MFSD2A and ARF4, which were identified in previous screens, are necessary for tunicamycin- and brefeldin A-induced cytotoxicity, respectively. We identified a novel gene, SEC24A, as an essential gene for thapsigargin-induced cytotoxicity in HAP1 cells. Further experiments showed that the ability of SEC24A to facilitate ER stress-induced cell death is specific to thapsigargin and that SEC24A acts upstream of the UPR. These findings show that the genes required for ER stress-induced cell death are specific to the agent used to induce ER stress and that the resident ER cargo receptor protein SEC24A is an essential mediator of thapsigargin-induced UPR and cell death.
Evaluation of inert gas rebreathing for determination of cardiac output: influence of age, gender and body size
Authors:   On behalf of the ACCT Study Investigators, Middlemiss Jessica E. , Cocks Alex , Paapstel Kaido , Maki-Petaja Kaisa M. , Sunita  , Wilkinson Ian B. , McEniery Carmel M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate an inert gas rebreathing method (Innocor) for measurement of cardiac output and related haemodynamic variables and to provide robust normative data describing the influence of age, gender and body size on these variables. Four separate studies were conducted: measurement repeatability (study 1, n = 45); postural change (study 2, n = 40); response to submaximal cycling exercise (study 3, n = 20); and the influence of age, gender and body size (study 4, n = 1400). Repeated measurements of cardiac output, stroke volume and heart rate were similar, with low mean (±SD) differences (0.26 ± 0.53 L/min, 0 ± 11 mL and 2 ± 6beats/min, respectively). In addition, cardiac output and stroke volume both declined progressively from supine to seated and standing positions (P < 0.001 for both) and there was a stepwise increase in both parameters moving from rest to submaximal exercise (P < 0.001 for both). In study 4, there was a significant age-related decline in cardiac output and stroke volume in males and females, which remained significant after adjusting for body surface area (BSA, P < 0.001 for all comparisons). Both parameters were also significantly higher in those with high body mass index (BMI; P < 0.01 versus those with normal BMI for all comparisons), although indexing cardiac output and stroke volume to BSA reversed these trends. Inert gas rebreathing using the Innocor device provides repeatable measurements of cardiac output and related indices, which are sensitive to the effects of acute physiological manoeuvres. Moreover, inert gas rebreathing is a suitable technique for examining chronic influences such as age, gender and body size on key haemodynamic components of the arterial blood pressure.
Construction of the REACHES climate database based on historical documents of China
Authors: Wang Pao K , Lin Kuan-Hui Elaine , Liao Yi-Chun , Liao Hsiung-Ming , Lin Yu-Shiuan , Hsu Ching-Tzu , Hsu Shih-Ming , Wan Chih-Wei , Lee Shih-Yu , Fan I-Chun , Tan Pei-Hua , Ting Te-Tien 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis paper describes the methodology of an ongoing project of constructing an East Asian climate database REACHES based on Chinese historical documents. The record source is Compendium of Meteorological Records of China in the Last 3000 Years which collects meteorology and climate related records from mainly official and local chronicles along with a small number of other documents. We report the digitization of the records covering the period 1644–1795. An example of the original records is translated to illustrate the typical contents which contain time, location and type of events. Chinese historical times and location names are converted into Gregorian calendar and latitudes and longitudes. A hierarchical database system is developed that consists of the hierarchies of domains, main categories, subcategories, and further details. Historical events are then digitized and categorized into such a system. Code systems are developed at all levels such that the original descriptive entries are converted into digitized records suitable for treatment by computers. Statistics and characteristics of the digitized records in the database are described.
MicroRNA-625 inhibits cell invasion and epithelial–mesenchymal transition by targeting SOX4 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Li Yuan , Tao Chenjuan , Dai Lili , Cui Caixia , Chen Chaohui , Wu Honglin , Wei Qingyu , Zhou Xuehua 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Introduction: Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is a highly aggressive malignant cancer, but the molecular mechanisms underlying its development and progression remain largely elusive. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the expression profile and functional role of microRNA-625 (miR-625) in LSCC.
Materials and methods: LSCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues were collected from 86 LSCC patients. The expression levels of miR-625 and SOX4 mRNA in tissues and cells were detected by RT-qPCR analysis. The expression levels of SOX4 and EMT-related proteins were detected by western blot analysis. In vitro cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were detected by MTT assay, colony formation assay, wound healing assay, and transwell invasion assay, respectively. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to verify the binding relationship between miR-625 and the 3′-UTR of SOX4.
Results: The results demonstrated that miR-625 is significantly down-regulated in clinical LSCC tissues, and its low expression may be closely associated with unfavorable clinicopathological characteristics of LSCC patients. Overexpression of miR-625 significantly suppressed the proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT of LSCC cells. Furthermore, SOX4 was validated as a direct target of miR-625 in LSCC cells, and rescue experiments suggested that restoration of SOX4 blocked the tumor suppressive role of miR-625 in LSCC cells.
Conclusions: Taken together, these findings highlighted a critical role of miR-625 in the pathogenesis of LSCC, and restoration of miR-625 could be considered as a potential therapeutic strategy against this fatal disease.
Online maximum torque per power losses strategy for indirect rotor flux‐oriented control‐based induction motor drives
Authors: Abootorabi Zarchi Hossein , Mosaddegh Hesar Hamidreza , Ayaz Khoshhava Mojtaba 
Published: December 2018

Among the conventional loss minimisation algorithms (LMAs), the model‐based approaches have the advantages of fast response and high accuracy. Here, a novel online model‐based power losses minimisation approach is presented for indirect field‐oriented control (IFOC) of induction motor (IM) drives. The proposed method is introduced as maximum torque per power losses (MTPPL) in which the power losses for a given torque are minimised. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach preserves the LMA merits, while the criterion for the MTPPL scheme is achieved. The mentioned criterion is investigated by a gradient approach so that while the gradient vectors of the torque and power losses are parallel, the MTPPL strategy is realised. The closed‐loop IFOC of the MTPPL approach is implemented in real time for a laboratory 2.2 kW three‐phase IM drive. The experimental results show the capability and validity of the proposed control scheme.
The electromagnetic effect study of GIS enclosure under high‐frequency electromagnetic pulse
Authors: Chen Shu , Guo Jie , Hu Chengbo , Tao Fengbo , Xie Tianxi , Xu Yang , Jia Jun 
Published: December 2018

In gas insulated switchgear (GIS) substation, due to the operation of disconnect switch and circuit breaker, as well as short‐circuit fault, SF6 will break down very rapidly. The superposition of refraction and reflection of high‐frequency travelling waves will cause the very fast transient electromagnetic pulse (EMP). High‐frequency EMP propagating along GIS core wire will couple to GIS enclosure which forms transient enclosure voltage (TEV). Through the study of new GIS enclosure coupling model which can be verified by site test and frequency effect on the enclosure coupling under high‐frequency EMP, results indicate the generation of TEV is closely related to GIS structures and the electromagnetic wave propagation characteristics on its core wire and enclosure. Electromagnetic coupling model must consider the entire propagating and coupling process of EMP in GIS. Paper also shows that TEV is mainly formed by high frequency >0.1 MHz EMP coupling and the difference on coupling extent when frequency is >1 MHz is small.