bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Politique climatique : où en sommes-nous ?
Authors: van Steenberghe Vincent 
Published: July 2019

Les émissions mondiales de gaz à effet de serre peinent à décroître et notre capacité à limiter à maximum 1,5 à 2 ˚C la hausse mondiale des températures s’érode. Néanmoins, les cadres à long terme de la gouvernance climatique sont maintenant en place aux niveaux international et européen. Le défi consiste à concevoir et mettre en œuvre à temps les mesures concrètes permettant, dans ces cadres, la réduction drastique des émissions vers une contribution neutre de celles-ci au réchauffement. Car les mesures planifiées jusqu’ici manquent encore largement d’ambition au regard des objectifs de long terme. C’est le cas en Belgique où les mesures prévues pour les dix prochaines années sont telles que les efforts de réduction à réaliser après 2030 devront être nettement plus importants que ceux prévus d’ici là. Or les réductions doivent s’opérer via des changements portant sur une série d’infrastructures dont la durée de vie est longue, en particulier dans les bâtiments et les transports, ce qui nécessite un effort régulier. Dans cette perspective, nous plaidons pour la mise en œuvre immédiate en Belgique d’une trajectoire de tarification du carbone pour les secteurs qui n’y sont pas encore soumis et développons une proposition concrète en la matière. Codes JEL : Q54, Q48, H23
Certificats verts ou prime de rachat ? Évolution du marché des certificats verts en Wallonie
Authors: Boccard Nicolas , Gautier Axel 
Published: July 2019

La Wallonie a mis en place en 2003 un mécanisme de certificats verts échangeables pour promouvoir le développement des énergies issues de sources renouvelables. Le marché des CV s’est trouvé dès 2007 en déséquilibre avec une offre excédentaire de certificats du fait notamment du soutien différencié et généreux à la filière solaire photovoltaïque. Ce déséquilibre persistant a fait chuter le prix des CV à un prix proche du prix de rachat garanti de 65 €. Dans les faits, le mécanisme des certificats verts s’est transformé en une prime de rachat garantie qu’il est aujourd’hui nécessaire de modifier.
Imposition du travail, du capital et de la consommation : l’apport de taux implicites à l’analyse des évolutions de politique fiscale
Authors: Valenduc Christian 
Published: July 2019

Cet article met à jour des publications antérieures sur l’imposition du travail, du capital et de la consommation. Les indicateurs utilisés sont des taux d’imposition implicites. Ils sont calculés au niveau macroéconomique et sont donc ex post, à l’inverse des indicateurs microéconomiques d’imposition effective qui sont ex ante. Ils mesurent donc davantage l’effet des politiques qui ont été menées. Ces taux d’imposition implicites sont utilisés par la Commission européenne, selon une méthodologie qui lui est propre. Notre méthodologie diffère sur trois points : l’interprétation de l’imposition du travail par rapport à une évolution à politique inchangée, la prise en compte des subventions salariales et une analyse plus désagrégée de l’imposition du capital. L’impact du tax shift décidé par le gouvernement en 2014 est bien visible sur les années 2015-2016. Il se traduit dans une baisse du taux d’imposition implicite du travail de 1,6 point par rapport à une évolution à politique inchangée. On note aussi une hausse du taux d’imposition implicite de la consommation. Ces changements rompent une période de relative stabilité.
Le rire comme clef de compréhension des relations sociales
Authors: Marchand Véronique 
Published: July 2019

L’enquête ethnographique menée dans les marchés de Roubaix, en tant qu’espaces urbains multidimensionnels, professionnels et politiques, met en évidence l’emploi d’un registre de communication privilégié chez les commerçants, en majorité des hommes, d’origine nord-africaine : le rire. Tout d’abord, les plaisanteries adressées au client constituent un savoir-faire professionnel. Puis, les discours sur leur propre parcours sont teintés d’autodérision. Enfin, les moqueries vis-à-vis des placiers permettent de délégitimer leur autorité. Le rire représente une clef de compréhension des relations professionnelles mais aussi des rapports sociaux, et notamment de pouvoir.
Early T Cell Differentiation with Well-Maintained Function across the Adult Life Course in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Miles David J. C. , Shumba Florence , Pachnio Annette , Begum Jusnara , Corbett Elizabeth L. , Heyderman Robert S. , Moss Paul 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Immune senescence is a significant contributor to health problems in the developed world and may be accelerated by chronic viral infections. To date, there have been few studies of immune function in healthy older people in sub-Saharan Africa. We assessed T cell and B cell phenotypes and immune responses to CMV, EBV, and influenza virus in Malawians aged 20–69 y. Notably, the proportion of naive (CCR7+CD45RA+) CD4 and CD8 T cells was only 14% of the lymphoid repertoire even in donors aged under 30 y but did not decrease further with age. A small increase in the late differentiated (CD27−CD28−) CD8 T cell subpopulation was observed in older donors but the CD4/CD8 T cell ratio remained stable in all age groups. Interestingly, the regulatory (CD25hiFOXP3hi) T cell subpopulation was small in all age groups, and we observed no age-associated accumulation of cells expressing the senescence- and exhaustion-associated markers CD57 and PD-1. We assessed functional T cell responses to mitogenic and viral antigenic stimulation by the expression of CD154, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, and IL-17 and proliferation. All responses were robust across the life course, although we observed an age-associated shift from IFN-γ to TNF-α in the response to EBV. In summary, we found the naive T cell subpopulation of young adult Malawians was smaller than in their contemporaries in high-income settings but remains stable thereafter and that lymphocyte function is retained across the life course. These observations indicate that studies of the genetic and environmental factors influencing immune function in different environments may provide insights into minimizing immune ageing.
Cutting Edge: Targeting Thrombocytes to Rewire Anticancer Immunity in the Tumor Microenvironment and Potentiate Efficacy of PD-1 Blockade
Authors: Riesenberg Brian P. , Ansa-Addo Ephraim A. , Gutierrez Jennifer , Timmers Cynthia D. , Liu Bei , Li Zihai 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Aside from their roles in hemostasis and thrombosis, thrombocytes or platelets also promote tumor growth via immune suppression. However, the extent to which platelet activation shapes the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and whether platelet inhibition can be leveraged to improve checkpoint blockade are unknown. We show in this study that platelet function in mice mediates suppression of CD8+ T cell function within the TME but not in the draining lymph nodes. Tempering platelet activation genetically reduced TGF-β signaling in both immune and nonimmune cells in the TME, enhanced T cell frequency and function, and decreased CD11b+ myeloid cell infiltration in the tumor. Targeting platelet function pharmacologically in tumor-bearing mice with aspirin and clopidogrel in combination with PD-1 blockade improved tumor control. These results suggest that platelet function represents a continuous, supplemental mechanism of immune evasion co-opted by tumors to evade antitumor immunity and offers an attractive target for combination with immunotherapy.
Social network addiction and advertising on social networks: A case study of rural students in South Africa
Authors: Van Rhyne Zhikona , Chinyamurindi Willie , Cilliers Liezel 
Published: July 2019

Background: There is growing evidence that social media addiction is an enduring problem among students. This information can be used by marketers to create specific advertisement campaigns for students to promote organisational branding.Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of psychological dependence between social networking sites (SNSs) addiction and attitude towards social networking advertising among a sample of rural students in South Africa.Method: This research adopted a positivist paradigm with a quantitative approach and a descriptive research design. Data were collected using questionnaires, which were distributed to 289 respondents residing within a rural community in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa.Results: This study found a relationship between: (1) perceived ease of use and habit, (2) perceived ease of use and psychological dependence, and (3) psychological dependence and attitude towards SNSs advertisement.Conclusion: Social media advertising should offer precise location-based targeting and data-driven users’ profiling, segmenting the target market according to preferences, likes and hobbies, through data mining and analytical interpretation of results as these are attributes that are not offered by traditional media.
High Heel
Authors: Brennan Summer 
Published: July 2019

Best Fifteen Books of March 2019, Refinery29
Best Nonfiction Books of 2019, Paste Magazine
Object Lessons is a series of short, beautifully designed books about the hidden lives of ordinary things.
Fetishized, demonized, celebrated, and outlawed, the high heel is central to the iconography of modern womanhood. But are high heels good? Are they feminist? What does it mean for a woman (or, for that matter, a man) to choose to wear them?
Meditating on the labyrinthine nature of sexual identity and the performance of gender, High Heel moves from film to fairytale, from foot binding to feminism, and from the golden ratio to glam rock. Summer Brennan considers this most provocative of fashion accessories as a nexus of desire and struggle, sex and society, violence and self expression, setting out to understand what it means to be a woman by walking a few hundred years in her shoes.
Object Lessons is published in partnership with an essay series in The Atlantic
Sound Art Revisited
Authors: Licht Alan 
Published: July 2019

The first edition of Sound Art Revisited (published as Sound Art: Beyond Music, Between Categories) served as a groundbreaking work toward defining this emerging field, and this fully updated volume significantly expands the story to include current research since the book’s initial release. Viewed through a lens of music and art histories rather than philosophical theory, it covers dozens of artists and works not found in any other book on the subject.
Locating sound art's roots across the centuries from spatialized church music to the technological developments of radio, sound recording, and the telephone, the book traces the evolution of sound installations and sound sculpture, the rise of sound art exhibitions and galleries, and finally looks at the critical cross-pollination that marks some of the most important and challenging art with and about sound being produced today.
Nocturnal boundary layer turbulence regimes analysis during the BLLAST campaign
Authors: Yus-Díez Jesús , Udina Mireia , Soler Maria Rosa , Lothon Marie , Nilsson Erik , Bech Joan , Sun Jielun 
Published: July 2019

Abstract. A night-time turbulence regime classification, the so-called “HOckey-Stick Transition ” (HOST) theory, proposed by Sun et al. (2012) from the Cooperative Atmosphere–Surface Exchange Study-1999 (CASES-99) is explored using data from the Boundary-Layer Late Afternoon and Sunset Turbulence (BLLAST) field campaign which took place during summer 2011 in the central French Pyrenean foothills. Results show that the HOST turbulence relationships for the BLLAST field campaign data are strongly dependent on both the meteorological and orographic features. The HOST pattern only appears for nights when a stably stratified boundary layer can be developed, corresponding to fair-weather and clear-sky nights, when the flow is generated by the nearby orography, from the south and the south-east. Those flows strongly influenced by the orography may generate intermittent or enhanced turbulence. When considering the whole nocturnal dataset for these flow directions, several enhanced turbulence points are found to be associated with sudden wind speed and directional shear transitions. In contrast, flows from other directions do not reproduce the HOST relationships and the turbulence relationship is almost linear, independent of vertical temperature gradients, corresponding to flows driven by synoptic scales. In addition we identify examples of gravity waves and top-down turbulent events that lead to transitions between the turbulence regimes.
The FireWork v2.0 air quality forecast system with biomass burning emissions from the Canadian Forest Fire Emissions Prediction System v2.03
Authors: Chen Jack , Anderson Kerry , Pavlovic Radenko , Moran Michael D. , Englefield Peter , Thompson Dan K. , Munoz-Alpizar Rodrigo , Landry Hugo 
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Biomass burning activities can produce large quantities
of smoke and result in adverse air quality conditions in regional
environments. In Canada, the Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC)
operational FireWork (v1.0) air quality forecast system incorporates
near-real-time biomass burning emissions to forecast smoke plumes from fire
events. The system is based on the ECCC operational Regional Air Quality
Deterministic Prediction System (RAQDPS) augmented with near-real-time
wildfire emissions using inputs from the Canadian Forest Service (CFS)
Canadian Wildland Fire Information System (CWFIS). Recent improvements to
the representation of fire behaviour and fire emissions have been
incorporated into the CFS Canadian Forest Fire Emissions Prediction System
(CFFEPS) v2.03. This is a bottom-up system linked to CWFIS in which hourly
changes in biomass fuel consumption are parameterized with hourly forecasted
meteorology at fire locations. CFFEPS has now also been connected to
FireWork. In addition, a plume-rise parameterization based on fire-energy
thermodynamics is used to define the smoke injection height and the
distribution of emissions within a model vertical column. The new system,
FireWork v2.0 (FireWork–CFFEPS), has been evaluated over North America for
July–September 2017 and June–August 2018, which are both periods when western Canada
experienced historical levels of fire activity with poor air quality
conditions in several cities as well as other fires affecting northern
Canada and Ontario. Forecast results were evaluated against hourly surface
measurements for the three pollutant species used to calculate the Canadian
Air Quality Health Index (AQHI), namely PM2.5, O3, and NO2,
and benchmarked against the operational FireWork v1.0 system (FireWork-Ops).
This comparison shows improved forecast performance and predictive skills
for the FireWork–CFFEPS system. Modelled fire-plume injection heights from
CFFEPS based on fire-energy thermodynamics show higher plume injection
heights and larger variability. The changes in predicted fire emissions and
injection height reduced the consistent over-predictions of PM2.5 and
O3 seen in FireWork-Ops. On the other hand, there were minimal fire
emission contributions to surface NO2, and results from FireWork–CFFEPS
do not degrade NO2 forecast skill compared to the RAQDPS. Model
performance statistics are slightly better for Canada than for the US,
with lower errors and biases. The new system is still unable to capture the
hourly variability of the observed values for PM2.5, but it captured
the observed hourly variability for O3 concentration adequately.
FireWork–CFFEPS also improves upon FireWork-Ops categorical scores for
forecasting the occurrence of elevated air pollutant concentrations in terms
of false alarm ratio (FAR) and critical success index (CSI).
Márgenes insurrectos
Authors: Capote Cruz Zaida 
Published: July 2019

Entrañable de algún oscuro modo, el proyecto literario de Diamela Eltit pasa, desde sus primeras señales, por cierta cercanía al cuerpo, sus humores, su sangre. El cuerpo, protagonista privilegiado, aparece siempre en la escritura como recorte, siempre fragmentario; cuerpo sufriente que sin embargo se desborda, se acomoda, se exalta y consigue hacerse de un espacio. Uno casi siempre marginal, sustituto, algún paisaje recién adquirido tras la expulsión; por eso los suyos suelen ser sujetos en tránsito, expropiados de su espacio original y hasta de sus nombres o su identidad. Este artículo analizará estos cuerpos marginales en su reccorido narrativo.
Negociação de assuntos interculturais em espaços telecolaborativos
Authors: Schaefer Rodrigo , Luna José Marcelo Freitas de 
Published: July 2019

O uso da Internet na área do ensino e aprendizagem de línguas destaca-se como objeto de estudos. No entanto, não há revisão de trabalhos sobre a negociação de significados em contextos telecolaborativos, possibilitados pelo uso da Internet. Essa constatação, assim como a relevância de revisões de literatura, nos ajudou a delinear o objetivo desse estudo, qual seja, compreender a relação entre o uso da telecolaboração e a negociação de assuntos interculturais por quatro trabalhos: Understanding the ‘Other Side’: Intercultural Learning in a Spanish-English E-mail Exchange (O’DOWD, 2003); The use of vídeo conferencing and e-mail as mediators of intercultural student ethnography (O’DOWD, 2006); Using e-learning to develop intercultural awareness in ELT: a critical evaluation in a Thai higher education setting (BAKER, 2012a); e Exploring ‘new’ interculturality online (DERVIN, 2014). A análise apontou que o contato entre culturas diferentes não garante o entendimento intercultural e que o conceito de cultura permanece associado com uma concepção essencialmente nacional.
Stretch Receptor and Somatic Dysfunction: A Narrative Review
Authors: Andrews Mark A.W. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
From its founding by Andrew Taylor Still, MD, DO, through the work of many contributors, one of the cornerstones of osteopathic medicine has been its ability to aid health by promoting neuromuscular homeostasis. As part of the understanding of osteopathic medicine since the time of Still, the proper functioning of stretch receptor organs (SROs) of skeletal muscle have been recognized as having a central role in this homeostasis. In doing so, the complexities of these numerous and vital sensors are described, including recent findings regarding their structure, function, and the nature of their neural connections. In their homeostatic role, SROs conduct information centrally for integration in proprioceptive and autonomic reflexes. By virtue of their integral role in muscle reflexes, they are putatively involved in somatic dysfunction and segmental facilitation. In reviewing some well-established knowledge regarding the SRO and introducing more recent scientific findings, an attempt is made to offer insights on how this knowledge may be applied to better understand somatic dysfunction.
Effects of K4CuNb8O23 and GeO2 addition on microstructure and piezoelectric properties in KNbO3 ceramics
Authors: Kato Hiroki , Ishida Mirai , Akiyama Yumi 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A combined additives study of lead-free KNbO3 (KN) ceramics in the solid-state reaction was performed to improve the mechanical quality factor (Q
m) for high power piezoelectric applications. Improved Q
m values of 1137 and 1241 were confirmed in KN specimens with addition of 1.0 mol% K4CuNb8O23 (KCN) and 1.0 mol% KCN + 0.5 wt% GeO2, respectively. It is important for achievement of the higher Q
m in KN systems to control the composition of the Cu segregated phase. In this study, the Cu segregated phase which was necessary to improve the Q
m resulted from decomposition of the KCN compound during the sintering. Co-doping of KCN and GeO2 to KN specimens has a remarkable effect in suppressing the deliquescence accompanying KCN addition and improvement of the Q
m without significant deterioration of the electromechanical coupling factor k
31.
Asexual reproduction of a few genotypes favored the invasion of the cereal aphidRhopalosiphum padiin Chile
Authors: Rubio-Meléndez María E. , Barrios-SanMartin Joceline , Pina-Castro Felipe E. , Figueroa Christian C. , Ramirez Claudio C. 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundAphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are insects with one of the highest potentials for invasion. Several aphid species are present globally due to introduction events; they represent important pests of agroecosystems. The bird cherry-oat aphidRhopalosiphum padi(Linnaeus) is a major pest of cereals and pasture grasses worldwide. Here, we report the genetic features of populations ofR. padithat colonize different cereal crops in central Chile.MethodsRhopalosiphum padiindividuals were collected in central Chile and genotyped at six microsatellite loci. The most frequent multilocus genotype (MLG) was then studied further to assess its reproductive performance across cereal hosts under laboratory conditions.ResultsPopulations ofR. padiin Chile are characterized by a low clonal diversity (G/N= 62/377 = 0.16) and the overrepresentation of a few widely distributed MLGs. One of the MLGs constituted roughly half of the sample and was observed in all sampled populations at high frequencies. Furthermore, this putative aphid “superclone” exhibited variations in its reproductive performance on cereals most commonly cultivated in Chile. The sampled populations also exhibited weak signs of genetic differentiation among hosts and localities. Our findings suggest that (1) obligate parthenogenesis is the primary reproductive mode ofR. padiin Chile in the sampled range and (2) its introduction involved the arrival of a few genotypes that multiplied asexually.
Preservation of Strawberries Using Guava Leaves Extract
Authors: Gituma G. K. , Njue L. G. 
Published: July 2019

Background: A lot of health hazards have been associated with artificial preservatives including: hyperactivity in children, breathing problems such as asthma and bronchitis, weakening of heart tissues, obesity since some contain fatty acids especially in processed foods and gastrointestinal disorders. Sulfite is a common preservative in fruits and was found to have the following side effects: headaches, allergies, palpitations and cancer. Another down side of artificial preservative is that a lot of time is used in developing and acquiring it thus making it expensive. There is therefore need for a natural preservative.
Objectives: This study was conducted to develop a natural preservative from guava leaves extract that would help increase the shelf-life of strawberries.
Methods: The study was conducted in the food microbiology laboratory, Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Technology, University of Nairobi, Kenya.
Crude extract was obtained by crushing dry guava leaves into 100 g powder and adding 600 ml of boiled water. The mixture was allowed to stand for 1 hr to allow extraction. The extract was then filtered and used to determine its inhibition against fungi. The extract was also serially diluted to obtain 5 different concentrations which were used to determine their effectiveness in increasing the shelf life of the strawberries. The results were recorded and discussed.
Results: The plates with the highest concentration of guava leaves extract had the lowest number of microbial colonies while the one with the lowest concentration on had the highest number of microbial colonies. The control samples had by far a higher number of microbial colonies than all the different concentrations of the extract.
Conclusion: The crude extracts of guava leaves showed inhibition against fungi and increased the shelf life of strawberries. Further studies need to be conducted in order to obtain a purified preservative from the extract.