bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bilateral nerve conduction studies in the evaluation of distal symmetric polyneuropathy
Authors: Dupuis Janae E. , Li Jay , Callaghan Brian C. , Reynolds Evan L. , London Zachary N. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionNerve conduction studies are used to aid in the diagnosis of distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSP). It is unclear whether bilateral lower extremity nerve conduction studies (NCS) are needed when evaluating for suspected DSP.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed NCS from patients who presented to the University of Michigan electromyography laboratory between July 1, 2016 and December 31, 2017 with symptoms of DSP to assess agreement and correlation between left and right lower extremity NCS parameters.ResultsWe found significant agreement between abnormalities in individual nerve parameters of the left and right lower extremities of 105 patients, most notably in the sural nerve. In the 53 patients with bilateral sural, peroneal, and tibial studies, there was also significant agreement between whether the left and right met electrodiagnostic criteria for DSP (κ = 0.77).DiscussionBilateral lower extremity NCS may have limited utility in the evaluation of suspected DSP. Muscle Nerve, 2019
Stokes equations under nonlinear slip boundary conditions coupled with the heat equation: A priori error analysis
Authors: Djoko Jules K. , Konlack Virginie S. , Mbehou Mohamed 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this work, we consider the heat equation coupled with Stokes equations under threshold type boundary condition. The conditions for existence and uniqueness of the weak solution are made clear. Next we formulate the finite element problem, recall the conditions of its solvability, and study its convergence by making use of Babuska–Brezzi's conditions for mixed problems. Third we formulate an Uzawa's type iterative algorithm that separates the fluid from heat conduction, study its feasibility, and convergence. Finally the theoretical findings are validated by numerical simulations.
The effects of somatic mutations on EGFR interaction with anti‐EGFR monoclonal antibodies: Implication for acquired resistance
Authors: Tabasinezhad Maryam , Omidinia Eskanadr , Talebkhan Yeganeh , Omrani Mir Davood , Mahboudi Fereidoun , Ghaedi Hamid , Wenzel Wolfgang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA number of mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have been identified that imparts resistance to anti‐EGFR monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in clinical and preclinical samples. Primary or acquired resistance to targeted therapy will eventually limit the clinical benefit of anticancer mAbs. The aim of the current study was to perform computational analysis to investigate the structural implications of the EGFR somatic mutations on its complexes with the four anti‐EGFR mAbs (Cetuximab, Panitumumab, Necitumumab, and Matuzumab). Docking analysis and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to understand the plausible structural and dynamical implications caused by somatic mutations available in the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer database on the EGFR and anti‐EGFR mAbs. We found that EGFRS492R and EGFRV441I in complex with Cetuximab, EGFRR377S and EGFRS447Y in complex with Panitumumab, and EGFRV441I in complex with Necitumumab have a weakest binding affinity in comparison to EGFRWT in complex with the relevant mAb. Taken together with the results obtained from docking analysis and MD simulations, the present findings may suggest that, the S492R and V441I mutations confer resistance to Cetuximab, R377S and S447Y mutations mediate resistance to Panitumumab and finally, V441I mutation also confers resistance to Necitumumab.
Successful Penile Replantation and the Role of Postreplantation Sildenafil Therapy: Report of 2 Cases and Literature Review
Authors: Fu Shibo , Zheng Dachao , Xie Minkai , Yao Haijun , Wang Zhong 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Penile amputation is a rare clinical emergency necessitating urgent urologic and microsurgical intervention. Microvascular replantation has become a conventional form of management, associated with significantly increased viability of the implanted tissue and a lower rate of complications. However, postreplantation treatment intended to promote early recovery of sexual function has been reported only seldomly. Here we report 2 cases of successful penile replantation with postreplantation daily sildenafil therapy. The patients were followed for 24 months and 8 months, respectively, from the date of repair. First intercourse was achieved at 92 days and 105 days, respectively. This is the first report of the use of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors in postoperative care of penile replantation.
Modeling Photoprotection at Global Scale: The Relative Role of Nonphotosynthetic Pigments, Physiological State, and Species Composition
Authors: Álvarez E. , Thoms S. , Bracher A. , Liu Y. , Völker C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMicroalgae are capable of acclimating to dynamic light environments, as they have developed mechanisms to optimize light harvesting and photosynthetic electron transport. When absorption of light exceeds photosynthetic capacity, various physiological protective mechanisms prevent damage of the photosynthetic apparatus. Xanthophyll pigments provide one of the most important photoprotective mechanisms to dissipate the excess light energy and prevent photoinhibition. In this study, we coupled a mechanistic model for phytoplankton photoinhibition with the global biogeochemical model Regulated Ecosystem Model version 2. The assumption that photoinhibition is small in phytoplankton communities acclimated to ambient light allowed us to predict the photoprotective needs of phytoplankton. When comparing the predicted photoprotective needs to observations of pigment content determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography, our results showed that photoprotective response seems to be mediated in most parts of the ocean by a variable ratio of xanthophyll pigments to chlorophyll. The variability in the ratio appeared to be mainly driven by changes in phytoplankton community composition. Exceptions appeared at high latitudes where other energy dissipating mechanisms seem to play a role in photoprotection and both taxonomic changes and physiological acclimation determine community pigment signature. Understanding the variability of community pigment signature is crucial for modeling the coupling of light absorption to carbon fixation in the ocean. Insights about how much of this variability is attributable to changes in community composition may allow us to improve the match between remotely sensed optical data and the underlying phytoplankton community.
Hybrid Simulations of Magnetodisc Transport Driven by the Rayleigh‐Taylor Instability
Authors: Stauffer B. H. , Delamere P. A. , Ma X. , Neupane B. R. , Burkholder B. L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPlasma transport in the rapidly rotating giant magnetospheres is thought to involve a centrifugally driven flux tube interchange instability, similar to the Rayleigh‐Taylor (RT) instability. In three dimensions, the convective flow patterns associated with the RT instability can produce strong guide field reconnection, allowing plasma mass to move radially outward while conserving magnetic flux (Ma et al., 2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JA022122). We present a set of hybrid (kinetic ion/fluid electron) plasma simulations of the RT instability using high plasma beta conditions appropriate for the inner and middle magnetosphere at Jupiter and Saturn. A density gradient, combined with a centrifugal force, provide appropriate RT onset conditions. Pressure balance requires only a temperature gradient as the magnetic pressure is constant. Pressure balance is achieved with a temperature gradient in a fixed magnetic field. The three‐dimensional simulation domain represents a local volume of the magnetodisc resonant cavity. Simulated RT growth rates compare favorably with linear theory, where the fundamental mode of the resonant cavity determines the largest (stabilizing) parallel wavelength. We suggest that the perpendicular scale of RT structures is determined by the fundamental mode, which limits growth due to magnetic tension. Finally, we investigated strong guide field magnetic reconnection and diffusive processes as plausible mechanisms to facilitate kinetic‐scale radial transport.
Representing Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Carbon Interactions in the E3SM Land Model: Development and Global Benchmarking
Authors: Zhu Qing , Riley William J. , Tang Jinyun , Collier Nathan , Hoffman Forrest M. , Yang Xiaojuan , Bisht Gautam 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOver the past several decades, the land modeling community has recognized the importance of nutrient regulation on the global terrestrial carbon cycle. Implementations of nutrient limitation in land models are diverse, varying from applying simple empirical down‐regulation of potential gross primary productivity under nutrient deficit conditions to more mechanistic treatments. In this study, we introduce a new approach to model multinutrient (nitrogen [N] and phosphorus [P]) limitations in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) Land Model version 1 (ELMv1‐ECA). The development is grounded on (1) advances in representing multiple‐consumer, multiple‐nutrient competition; (2) a generic dynamic allocation scheme based on water, N, P, and light availability; (3) flexible plant CNP stoichiometry; (4) prognostic treatment of N and P constraints on several carbon cycle processes; and (5) global data sets of plant physiological traits. Through benchmarking the model against best knowledge of global plant and soil carbon pools and fluxes, we show that our implementation of nutrient constraints on the present‐day carbon cycle is robust at the global scale. Compared with predecessor versions, ELMv1‐ECA better predicts global‐scale gross primary productivity, ecosystem respiration, leaf area index, vegetation biomass, soil carbon stocks, evapotranspiration, N2O emissions, and NO3‐ leaching. Factorial experiments indicate that representing the phosphorus cycle improves modeled carbon fluxes, while considering dynamic allocation improves modeled carbon stock density. We also highlight the value of using the International Land Model Benchmarking (ILAMB) package to evaluate and document performance during model development.
Effects of VLF Transmitter Waves on the Inner Belt and Slot Region
Authors: Ross J. P. J. , Meredith N. P. , Glauert S. A. , Horne R. B. , Clilverd M. A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSignals from very low frequency (VLF) transmitters can leak from the Earth‐ionosphere wave guide into the inner magnetosphere, where they propagate in the whistler mode and contribute to electron dynamics in the inner radiation belt and slot region. Observations show that the waves from each VLF transmitter are highly localized, peaking on the nightside in the vicinity of the transmitter. In this study we use ∼5 years of Van Allen Probes observations to construct global statistical models of the bounce‐averaged pitch angle diffusion coefficients for each individual VLF transmitter, as a function of L*, magnetic local time (MLT), and geographic longitude. We construct a 1‐D pitch angle diffusion model with implicit longitude and MLT dependence to show that VLF transmitter waves weakly scatter electrons into the drift loss cone. We find that global averages of the wave power, determined by averaging the wave power over MLT and longitude, capture the long‐term dynamics of the loss process, despite the highly localized nature of the waves in space. We use our new model to assess the role of VLF transmitter waves, hiss waves, and Coulomb collisions on electron loss in the inner radiation belt and slot region. At moderate relativistic energies, E∼500 keV, waves from VLF transmitters reduce electron lifetimes by an order of magnitude or more, down to the order of 200 days near the outer edge of the inner radiation belt. However, VLF transmitter waves are ineffective at removing multi–megaelectron volt electrons from either the inner radiation belt or slot region.
Deepening of the Winter Mixed Layer in the Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean Over 2006–2017
Authors: Cole Sylvia T. , Stadler James 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe Arctic Ocean mixed layer interacts with the ice cover above and warmer, nutrient‐rich waters below. Ice‐Tethered Profiler observations in the Canada Basin of the Arctic Ocean over 2006–2017 are used to investigate changes in mixed layer properties. In contrast to decades of shoaling since at least the 1980s, the mixed layer deepened by 9 m from 2006–2012 to 2013–2017. Deepening resulted from an increase in mixed layer salinity that also weakened stratification at the base of the mixed layer. Vertical mixing alone can explain less than half of the observed change in mixed layer salinity, and so the observed increase in salinity is inferred to result from changes in freshwater accumulation via changes to ice‐ocean circulation or ice melt/growth and river runoff. Even though salinity increased, the shallowest density surfaces deepened by 5 m on average suggesting that Ekman pumping over this time period remained downward. A deeper mixed layer with weaker stratification has implications for the accessibility of heat and nutrients stored in the upper halocline. The extent to which the mixed layer will continue to deepen appears to depend primarily on the complex set of processes influencing freshwater accumulation.
Negative capacitance δ ‐bulk planar junctionless transistor for low power applications
Authors: Bhagat Khemnand B. , Patil Ganesh C. 
Published: June 2019

The impact of substrate doping on the short‐channel effects (SCEs) of bulk‐planar junctionless transistor (BPJLT) has been studied. It has been found that increasing substrate doping in bulk region reduces off‐state leakage current (IOFF) and the sub‐threshold slope (SS) of the device. To further reduce the SCEs of BPJLT heavily doped δ ‐layer of thickness 10 nm has been added below the channel. Despite the presence of δ ‐layer in BPJLT reduces SCEs, the SCE, mainly SS, is still limited by the fundamental limit of 60 mV/decade. Therefore, to reduce SS below 60 mV/decade, negative capacitance (NC) δ ‐BPJLT has been proposed by adding the layer of ferroelectric material at gate stack. It has been found that in comparison with conventional BPJLT and δ ‐BPJLT, the insertion of ferroelectric layer in NC‐δ ‐BPJLT not only reduces the IOFF and the SS but also improves ION/IOFF ratio of the device. Thus, embedding heavily doped δ ‐layer in the bulk region and the ferroelectric layer at the gate stack of BPJLT makes it a promising device for low‐power applications.
Glucocorticoid receptor modulators CpdX and CpdX-D3 exhibit the same in vivo antiinflammatory activities as synthetic glucocorticoids
Authors: Hua Guoqiang , Zein Naimah , Daubeuf François , Chambon Pierre 
Published: June 2019

Significance
For 70 y, glucocorticoids (GCs) have been used to combat inflammatory and allergic disorders. Unfortunately, multiple undesirable side effects are associated with long-term GC treatments, thereby limiting their therapeutic usefulness. We reported that a nonsteroidal compound, CpdX, selectively activates the tethered transrepression function of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which contributes to the glucocorticoid beneficial antiinflammatory properties, while not inducing the GR-mediated direct transactivation nor the direct transrepression to which GC undesirable side effects are attributed. We now demonstrate that both CpdX and its deuterated form CpdX-D3 selectively trigger GR-mediated tethered transrepression, and are as efficient as the synthetic glucocorticoid Dexamethasone at curing several major inflammatory diseases in the mouse, indicating that they could be of great interest as antiinflammatory drugs.
Aided cortical auditory evoked measures with cochlear implantees
Authors: Choi Sandy M. S. , Wong Eddie C. M. , McPherson Bradley 
Published: June 2019

Purpose:
Cortical auditory evoked potential (CAEP) procedures are a useful way of estimating behavioural thresholds without active participant cooperation. They are becoming more common in hearing aid fitting, especially for those who cannot give reliable responses during evaluation. Speech stimuli are used in CAEP assessment to better understand listener performance when listening to speech. A commercial system, HEARLab (Frye Electronics, Tigard OR), detects and automatically analyses aided CAEPs elicited by speech stimuli. Aided CAEPs are also helpful in cochlear implant evaluation. However, there are few studies in this area, primarily due to electrical artefacts elicited by such devices. This study determined average CAEP waveform latency for CI users, and compared aided HEARLab cortical assessment (ACA) outcomes with behavioural speech detection results, using modified recording electrodes designed to reduce artefacts.

Method:
Custom CAEP electrodes were used to reduce recording artefacts, and test outcomes compared with those obtained with standard electrodes. Recordings from participants using two types of cochlear implant device (Cochlear and Advanced Bionics) were also compared. Twenty adult cochlear implantees were assessed using ACA with both types of electrodes, and behavioural free field speech detection was also conducted.

Results:
Average P1 latencies for the cochlear implant users were within the normative range of the general, non-implant population. The percentage of matches for positive results between ACA and behavioural speech detection test results was low, and the number of CAEPs recorded without artefacts was also low for both types of electrodes. More CAEPs could be recorded without artefacts with Cochlear devices regardless of the type of electrodes used. However, the artefact amplitudes recorded with Cochlear devices were greater than those produced by Advanced Bionics devices.

Conclusion:
Custom electrodes were not effective in reducing the prevalence of CI-related artefacts, and the artefact amplitude recorded was slightly greater than for the original electrodes. Alternative methods should be trialled to reduce the effects of electrical artefacts on CAEP recordings with cochlear implant users.
Rising to the Challenge: Re-Embracing the Wald Model of Nursing
Authors: Pittman Patricia 
Published: June 2019

By the 1920s, Lillian Wald's model of care, with nurses working side by side with social workers at the intersection of medicine and society, had become an important component of the U.S. health care system. Over subsequent decades, however, a confluence of historic forces resulted in its marginalization. Today, people are recognizing that medical cures alone, although important, will not reduce the epidemic of diseases of despair or the growing challenges involved in achieving health equity. Wald's approach, extended to a broader range of settings in which nurses work today, could be the missing ingredient.
To provide background for the National Academy of Medicine Committee on the Future of Nursing 2020-2030, as it develops its follow-up to the Institute of Medicine's 2010 Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation commissioned a report on nursing's historic role in advancing health. This article summarizes that report, which can be found in its entirety at www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/reports/2019/rwjf452706.
Graduate Nursing Telehealth Education: Assessment of a One-Day Immersion Approach
Authors: Chike-Harris Katherine E. , Harmon Elizabeth , van Ravenstein Kathryn 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The ability to effectively understand and utilize telehealth technologies is an important skill for health care providers. Currently there is limited literature on integrating telehealth education into health care curricula. This article describes a one-day telehealth immersion event for graduate nursing students that combined lectures with hands-on training. Feedback from students was positive, and all participants expressed a need for telehealth education before graduating with an advanced practice nursing degree.
Simulation Strategies Used in the Transition From Expert Clinician to Novice Educator
Authors: Dunker Kimberly Silver , Duprey Melissa D. , Ross Jennifer Gunberg 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
As the demand for nurses increases across the United States, nursing programs are challenged to increase enrollment. Thus, expert clinicians without teaching experience are often hired as clinical faculty. Using simulation to train novice clinical faculty is one method to bolster the clinical faculty workforce. For this project, six Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN)-focused simulation-based learning experiences (SBLEs) were developed to train novice clinical faculty. Master’s-level nurse educator students participated in the SBLEs. The SBLEs were found to be valuable for learning the clinical faculty role and debriefing increased understanding of the QSEN competencies.
Discovering a New Purpose: Veterans’ Transition to Nursing Education
Authors: Patterson Barbara J. , Elliott Brenda , Chargualaf Katie A. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
With the downsizing of military forces and the support of GI Bill benefits, a growing number of veterans are returning to college. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the researchers sought to understand the transition experiences of 11 veterans enrolled in baccalaureate nursing programs. Data suggest the transition process is challenging, marked by significant change in structure and culture from one context to the next. Veterans return to school to learn and seek meaning and purpose in the pursuit of a nursing degree. Faculty understanding of military culture is a first step in guiding the student veteran to success in nursing education.
Challenges encountered using Fassier-Duval rods in osteogenesis imperfect
Authors: Landrum Matthew , Birch Craig , Richards Benjamin Stephens 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Intramedullary fixation remains a mainstay in the management of deformity and fracture in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). Fassier-Duval telescoping intramedullary rods were introduced in 2003 and have substantially replaced the use of Bailey-Dubow rods in the treatment of OI patients. The purpose of this study was to identify limitations, if any, of the Fassier-Duval rod in this condition.

Methods:
A retrospective chart and radiograph review was performed of all OI patients treated with Fassier-Duval telescoping rods between the years 2005 and 2017 at a single institution. The clinical records and radiographic studies were reviewed to identify technical challenges intraoperatively and postoperative problems.

Results:
Twenty procedures were identified in which Fassier-Duval rods were placed in nine patients. Intraoperative technical challenges occurred in six (distal migration of epiphyseal fixation, rod prominence in the knee, distal guidewire protrusion, and fracture). Postoperatively, nine of the 20 Fassier-Duval rods (45%) had failure of epiphyseal fixation and lost their telescoping feature. Three (15%) long bones fractured with the device in place with the rods bending and subsequently requiring revision. One (5%) long bone fractured distal to the rod after loss of epiphyseal fixation. There were no infections.

Conclusions:
In OI long bone deformities, the goal of the Fassier-Duval rod is to provide realignment with intramedullary stabilization, reduce the number of fractures, and limit reoperations due to the expansion of the telescoping devices. Although the FD rod has the potential to accomplish these goals, challenges remain in this condition.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic level IV.