bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Change in Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Associated With Magnitude of Weight Regain 3 Years After a 1‐Year Intensive Lifestyle Intervention in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Look AHEAD Trial
Authors: Berger Samantha E. , Huggins Gordon S. , McCaffery Jeanne M. , Jacques Paul F. , Lichtenstein Alice H. 
Published: October 2019

Background
Weight regain after weight loss is common. The impact on cardiometabolic risk factors is not well established.

Methods and Results
Publicly available data were analyzed from participants of the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) trial with ≥3% initial weight loss (n=1561) during a 1‐year intensive lifestyle intervention and with year 4 follow‐up data. Participants who regained (regainers) or maintained (maintainers) weight loss were defined with 5 dichotomized cut points (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) of percentage weight loss regained (weight change from years 1–4 as percentage of first year weight loss). Change in cardiometabolic risk factors after initial weight loss was compared in maintainers and regainers, after controlling for demographics, medications, and baseline and year 1 change in body mass index. The effect was assessed separately in participants with <10% and ≥10% initial weight loss, and women and men. Maintainers exhibited significant improvements to the cardiometabolic risk factors assessed compared with regainers. No weight regain cut point maximized risk difference between maintainers and regainers across risk factors or sex/initial weight loss subgroups. For many risk factors, allowing more regain as part of maintenance (increasing cut point) diminished the cardiometabolic benefit among maintainers.

Conclusions
Maintaining weight loss was better than regain for all risk factors. No single cut point maximized the risk difference between maintainers and regainers. Maintainers who kept off ≥75% of weight lost had the greatest benefit. These findings emphasize the importance of intervention programs focusing not only on weight loss but weight loss maintenance, given the adverse consequences of the latter.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00017953.
Stimulation of Collateral Vessel Growth by Inhibition of Galectin 2 in Mice Using a Single‐Domain Llama‐Derived Antibody
Authors: Hollander Maurits R. , Jansen Matthijs F. , Hopman Luuk H. G. A. , Dolk Edward , van de Ven Peter M. , Knaapen Paul , Horrevoets Anton J. , Lutgens Esther , van Royen Niels 
Published: October 2019

Background
In the presence of arterial stenosis, collateral artery growth (arteriogenesis) can alleviate ischemia and preserve tissue function. In patients with poorly developed collateral arteries, Gal‐2 (galectin 2) expression is increased. In vivo administration of Gal‐2 inhibits arteriogenesis. Blocking of Gal‐2 potentially stimulates arteriogenesis. This study aims to investigate the effect of Gal‐2 inhibition on arteriogenesis and macrophage polarization using specific single‐domain antibodies.

Methods and Results

Llamas were immunized with Gal‐2 to develop anti–Gal‐2 antibodies. Binding of Gal‐2 to monocytes and binding inhibition of antibodies were quantified. To test arteriogenesis in vivo, Western diet‐fed
LDLR
.(low‐density lipoprotein receptor)–null Leiden mice underwent femoral artery ligation and received treatment with llama antibodies 2H8 or 2C10 or with vehicle. Perfusion restoration was measured with laser Doppler imaging. In the hind limb, arterioles and macrophage subtypes were characterized by histology, together with aortic atherosclerosis. Llama‐derived antibodies 2H8 and 2C10 strongly inhibited the binding of Gal‐2 to monocytes (93% and 99%, respectively). Treatment with these antibodies significantly increased perfusion restoration at 14 days (relative to sham, vehicle: 41.3±2.7%; 2H8: 53.1±3.4%,
P
=0.016; 2C10: 52.0±3.8%,
P
=0.049). In mice treated with 2H8 or 2C10, the mean arteriolar diameter was larger compared with control (vehicle: 17.25±4.97 μm; 2H8: 17.71±5.01 μm; 2C10: 17.84±4.98 μm;
P
<0.001). Perivascular macrophages showed a higher fraction of the M2 phenotype in both antibody‐treated animals (vehicle: 0.49±0.24; 2H8: 0.73±0.15,
P
=0.007; 2C10: 0.75±0.18,
P
=0.006). In vitro antibody treatment decreased the expression of M1‐associated cytokines compared with control (
P
<0.05 for each). Atherosclerotic lesion size was comparable between groups (overall
P
=0.59).

Conclusions
Inhibition of Gal‐2 induces a proarteriogenic M2 phenotype in macrophages, improves collateral artery growth, and increases perfusion restoration in a murine hind limb model.
A New Take on Asceticism: Asceticism as Training and Secession Suspended between Individuality and Collectivity
Authors: Petersen Anders Klostergaard 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInspired by Peter Sloterdijk’s Du mußt dein Leben ändern. Über Anthropotechnik (2009), I present a novel take on asceticism as deliberate training. Understanding humans as training animals, I discuss how, with the emergence of kosmos or Axial Age religions, humans came to acknowledge this element and made it a pivotal part of their lives. After presenting three important complements to Sloterdijk’s argument, I present a new take on asceticism by relating it to the two main currents in classical scholarship, those of Durkheim and of Weber. Underlying the two perspectives is the transition in asceticism, highlighted by Sloterdijk in his understanding of the phenomenon as basically constituting training programs, from a ritually determined to an ideologically defined form encompassing one’s entire life. Finally, I argue with Durkheim and Sloterdijk that asceticism should not be reduced to a religious phenomenon only, nor to one exclusively characteristic of religions. It is a basic feature of human life enacted on a continuum suspended between the two poles of individuality and collectivity.
Age-related changes and vocal convergence in titi monkey duet pulses
Authors: Clink Dena J. , Lau Allison R. , Bales Karen L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Duets in pair-bonding primates serve as a primary mode of communication between pairs, and duets may provide cues to conspecifics regarding the calling individual or pair. Here, we test the hypothesis that pulse elements in coppery titi monkey duets vary with condition and identity of the caller. We predicted that pulse elements would vary with age, sex, or pair-bond length. We estimated pulse rate and duration for 378 pulse elements from the duets of 74 captive titi monkeys (Plecturocebus cupreus). We found inter-individual variation in both features, and evidence for vocal convergence among pair mates in pulse rate. Age was the best predictor of pulse rate, and pulse rate decreased with age. Age and pair-bond length reliably predicted pulse duration. Our results suggest that variation in titi monkey duets reflects differences in caller condition and pair identity, and contribute to growing evidence for vocal plasticity in nonhuman primates.
Morphological notes on Pinnaxodes gigas Green, 1992 (Brachyura, Pinnotheridae) emphasizing on length-weight relationship under multi-model approach
Authors: Aragón-Noriega E. Alberto , Alcántara-Razo Edgar , Padilla-Serrato Jesús G. , Rodríguez-Domínguez Guillermo , Castillo-Vargasmachuca Sergio G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study describes biometric characteristics of the pea crab Pinnaxodes gigas, a symbiont of the geoduck clam Panopea globosa in the eastern-central Gulf of California. Differences were observed in the coefficient of allometry when length-weight relationships (LWR) were analysed under a multi-model approach. The winner model for LWR in females was that exhibiting two phases (”two-segments” and “broken-stick”), while in males the models cubic and quadratic, presenting a continuous change in coefficient of allometry along all sizes, were chosen as the best. The relationships of carapace width, length and height were also tested for females with the two-segment model and the breakpoint was found at 20 mm carapace width for these three relationships. It is concluded that the breakpoint must be related to the size-at-maturity reached by females, and that these changes in dimensions correspond to an adaptation in the female’s shape for carrying the egg clutch.
Dutch-Portuguese Diplomatic Encounters, 1640-1703: Exchanges, Sovereignty and “World Peace”
Authors: Antunes Cátia 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This article traces the multiplex relationships established between Portuguese ambassadors, consuls and extraordinary envoys in the Dutch Republic between 1640 and 1703 with the Portuguese kingdom, the king, the Portuguese “Nation” in Amsterdam and the Dutch States General. In negotiating multiple contracts and treaties regarding “world peace,” these men determined the course of history not so much because they were bound by the service of a state or a king but rather because they served a multiplicity of interests that often damaged national interest in favor of specific interest groups. The article focuses particularly on the Dutch-Portuguese clashes in Western Africa and Brazil and how their settlements impacted the Dutch-Portuguese power sharing in Asia, ultimately challenging premises of sovereignty at a global scale.
Making the History of Computing. The History of Computing in the History of Technology and the History of Mathematics
Authors: De Mol Liesbeth , Bullynck Maarten 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A history of writing the history of computing is presented in its relationship to the history of mathematics. As with many historiographies, the initial history of computing was very much an internalistic history. In the late 1970s, the field became more serious and started looking at the histories of mathematics and technology for (methodological) inspiration. Whereas the history of mathematics was initially quite influential, it is the history of technology (in its U.S. form) that has become the dominant framework for doing history of computing since the 1990s.
Violence and the Unconditional
Authors: Caputo John D. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
I distinguish between the deep culture and the manifest culture, the relationship between the two constituting a circle, which constitutes the circulation of a radical theology of culture. The deep culture surfaces in the manifest, and the manifest draws upon the depths; neither one without the other. My hypothesis is that religion is an expression of the deep culture and for that reason, religion is not accidentally violent; religion is violent in virtue of something essential to religion. Religion is playing with the fire of the concealed depths, of the unconditional, of the impossible, of the undeconstructible. Religion is the best way to save the world, but it also the best way to burn it down. It is both of these things and in virtue of the same property. This is not to say that religion is structurally violent, always and necessarily violent. It is structurally ambiguous, dangerous, on the verge of violence, whipsawing between radical violence and radical non-violence, between martyrdom and murder. Religious beliefs are not the cause of the violence but often a façade for deeper, visceral nationalism or ethnic hatred, The reaction of Christian right to the contemporary world is naive and simplistic but not superficial; it reflects a visceral fear of the postmodern world. Religion is a matter of being claimed by something unconditional, which means it should have the good sense not to lay claim to it. We should never trust anything that has not passes through that apophasis. Before any claims we make, we are laid claim to in advance by the unconditional, the undeconstructible, which Schelling calls the prius, the “un-pre-thinkable” (das Unvordenkliche). The unconditional in the optimal sense is love, which is an expenditure made without the expectation of a return, like loving one’s enemies, which is impossible, the impossible. But love does not get a pass. What would we not do for love? In that question is concentrated all the ambiguity of love, all the courage of the martyr, but no less the violence of the suicide bomber.
The “Light of Light Beyond Light”
Authors: Raschke Carl 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Despite Jürgen Habermas’ famous suggestion that the violence of history might be mitigated by “the liquidation of unconditional claims,” the issue of whether monotheistic religions and the metaphysical rationality they engender are indeed the hidden source of such violence remains an open one. This essay explores how Derrida with his project “deconstruction” sought to deal in a manner unique to philosophy with the question of the relationship between violence, the unconditional, and the ontological. It proposes that Derrida’s “Jew-Greek” dilemma, which encapsulates the problem of the “violence” of metaphysics, is resolved through Levinas’ project of disrupting Husserlian phenomenology with an alterity that is not simply a heteron that disintermediates the logic of predication, but one that challenges what is normally meant by philosophy itself.
Effects of Moisture in a Two-Layer Model of the Midlatitude Jet Stream
Authors: Bembenek Eric , Straub David N. , Merlis Timothy M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe effects of moisture on the energetics of a statistically stationary, baroclinically unstable jet representing the midlatitude atmosphere are examined using a two-layer, β-plane shallow-water model. Flow is driven by a relaxation of the interface between the two layers to a baroclinically unstable profile. Moisture is input to the lower layer by evaporation. When supersaturation occurs, precipitation is triggered and the related latent heat release drives a mass transfer between the two layers. A comparison between dry and moist reference atmospheres shows that precipitation reduces eddy kinetic energy. This is related to the meridional distribution of precipitation, which occurs on the poleward side of the jet (where the interface field is raised). This latitudinal structure of precipitation is related to a correlation between poleward flow and ascent, which is analyzed using a shallow-water analog to the ω equation. The precipitation effect on the energy budget is predominately due to zonal- and time-averaged terms. Because of this, dry simulations in which the thermal forcing is modified to mimic the effect of zonally averaged precipitation are carried out and compared with their precipitating counterparts. These simulations show a similar reduction of baroclinic eddy kinetic energy; however, the barotropic eddy kinetic energy response shows a larger difference.
Responses of the Hadley Circulation to Regional Sea Surface Temperature Changes
Authors: Zhou Chen , Lu Jian , Hu Yongyun , Zelinka Mark D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIdealized experiments performed with the Community Atmospheric Model 5.3 indicate that the width and strength of the Hadley circulation (HC) are sensitive to the location of sea surface temperature (SST) increases. The HC edge shifts poleward in response to SST increases over the subtropical regions near and on the equatorward flank of the HC edge, and shifts equatorward in response to warming over the tropical area except for the western Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean. The HC is strengthened in response to SST increases over the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) and is weakened in response to SST increases over the subsidence branch of the HC in the subtropics. Tropical SST increases off the ITCZ tend to weaken the HC in the corresponding hemisphere and strengthen the HC in the opposite hemisphere. These results could be used to explain the simulated HC changes induced by recent SST variations, and it is estimated that more than half of the SST-induced HC widening in 1980–2014 is caused by changes in the spatial pattern of SST.
ACC Subduction by Mesoscales
Authors: Canuto V. M. , Cheng Y. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe mesoscale contribution to subduction in the Southern Ocean was studied by Sallée and Rintoul in 2011 (SR11) using the following mesoscale model. The adiabatic (A) regime was modeled with the Gent–McWilliams streamfunction, the diabatic (D) regime was modeled with tapering functions, the D–A interface was taken to be at the mixed layer depth, and the mesoscale diffusivity either was a constant or was given by a 2D model. Since the resulting subductions were an order of magnitude smaller than the data of ±200 m yr−1 as reported by Mazloff et al. in 2010, SR11 showed that if, instead of the above model-dependent mesoscale diffusivities, they employed the ones reported in 2008 by Sallée et al. from surface drifter observations, the subductions compared significantly better to the data. On those grounds, SR11 suggested a 10-fold increase of the diffusivity. In this work, we suggest that, since the mesoscale diffusivity is but one component of a much large mesoscale parameterization, one should first assess the latter’s overall performance followed by an assessment of the predicted Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) subduction. We employ the mesoscale model formulated by Canuto et al. in 2018 and 2019 that includes recent theoretical and observational advances and that was assessed against a variety of data, including the output of 17 other OGCMs. The ACC diffusivities compare well to drifter data from Sallée et al., and the ACC subduction rates are in agreement with the data.
Assessing Drivers’ Trust of Automated Vehicle Driving Styles With a Two-Part Mixed Model of Intervention Tendency and Magnitude
Authors: Lee John D. , Liu Shu-Yuan , Domeyer Joshua , DinparastDjadid Azadeh 
Published: October 2019

Objective This study examines how driving styles of fully automated vehicles affect drivers’ trust using a statistical technique—the two-part mixed model—that considers the frequency and magnitude of drivers’ interventions. Background Adoption of fully automated vehicles depends on how people accept and trust them, and the vehicle’s driving style might have an important influence. Method A driving simulator experiment exposed participants to a fully automated vehicle with three driving styles (aggressive, moderate, and conservative) across four intersection types (with and without a stop sign and with and without crossing path traffic). Drivers indicated their dissatisfaction with the automation by depressing the brake or accelerator pedals. A two-part mixed model examined how automation style, intersection type, and the distance between the automation’s driving style and the person’s driving style affected the frequency and magnitude of their pedal depression. Results The conservative automated driving style increased the frequency and magnitude of accelerator pedal inputs; conversely, the aggressive style increased the frequency and magnitude of brake pedal inputs. The two-part mixed model showed a similar pattern for the factors influencing driver response, but the distance between driving styles affected how often the brake pedal was pressed, but it had little effect on how much it was pressed. Conclusion Eliciting brake and accelerator pedal responses provides a temporally precise indicator of drivers’ trust of automated driving styles, and the two-part model considers both the discrete and continuous characteristics of this indicator. Application We offer a measure and method for assessing driving styles.
Insights Into Veterans’ Perspectives on a Peer Support Program for Glycemic Management
Authors: Lott Briana D. , Dicks Tanisha N. , Keddem Shimrit , Ganetsky Valerie S. , Shea Judy A. , Long Judith A. 
Published: October 2019

Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the mentor-mentee relationship in veterans with type 2 diabetes and gain insight into successful pairings. Methods Qualitative semistructured interviews were conducted as part of a peer mentoring randomized controlled trial to understand participants’ experiences, their relationship with their partner, and how the intervention affected self-care behaviors. Purposive sampling was done to ensure adequate representation of mentees who made large strides in reaching their glycemic targets, those who made marginal improvements toward their glycemic goals, and those who got worse. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed for salient themes. Results The intervention was well received, with most participants describing it as valuable. Participants perceived the intervention to have a number of benefits, including accessible support, enhanced self-confidence, increased accountability, better self-efficacy, improved glycemic management, and a fulfilled sense of altruism. Participants did encounter barriers, including logistical, interpersonal, and individual obstacles. The more successful mentees tended to be more effusive in their description of their mentors, endorsed a stronger sense of connection to their mentor, described a more structured interaction with their mentor, and tended to be more complimentary of the intervention. Conclusions Large peer support programs are appealing and well received. These programs can be optimized by selecting naturally inclined mentors, providing additional training to introduce more structure into mentorship interactions, and targeting mentees who are not struggling with overwhelming comorbidities.
Screening for obstructive sleep apnoea in an early psychosis cohort: a pilot study
Authors: Lane Abigail R , Myles Hannah , Foley Sharon , Siskind Dan 
Published: October 2019

Objective: Rates of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) appear to be lower in the youth population (< 4%) compared to the general population (6%–17%); rates in people with psychotic illness are estimated at 13.5%–57.1%. We hypothesised that this comorbidity extends to early psychosis (EP) populations, and used previously validated OSA questionnaires to screen for OSA in an EP cohort. Method: Fifty-three patients were screened using the OSA50 and STOP-Bang questionnaires with collection of anthropometric measures. Patients who screened positively were referred for polysomnography. Results: Fifteen per cent (8/53) screened positively; most frequently endorsed measures included BMI > 25, snoring, hypertension, neck circumference (> 40 cm) and male gender. Only 2/8 patients accepted polysomnography. Conclusions: Screening indicates OSA may be more prevalent in EP populations than age-equivalent cohorts, but ongoing research is required.