bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Industrial Water Desalination by Vacuum Multi‐Effect Membrane Distillation
Authors: Braun Gerhard , Kleffner Christine 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWater shortage and a rising water demand are prevalent issues on the political agenda worldwide. Available water resources must not only be provided to ensure a domestic and drinking water supply for a steadily increasing population but also for the growing industrial and agricultural sectors. This work outlines how the use of the innovative vacuum multi‐effect membrane distillation contributes to improve the water management efficiency in the following key industry sectors: desalination, drinking water and beverage industry, pharmaceutical, agro and chemical as well as oil and gas industry.
Lignin for polymer and nanoparticle production: Current status and challenges
Authors: Gao Weijue , Fatehi Pedram 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn pulp production processes, lignin is generated in large quantities as a by‐product. It is often burned to generate heat and electricity. Despite the large‐scale production of lignin, its utilization in high‐value applications has remained a challenge. Recently, the production of lignin nanoparticles (LNP) and lignin polymers has gathered attention. The potential to use LNPs as reinforcement filler, UV absorbent, antioxidant, and drug carrier has been reported, while lignin polymers might be suitable for the production of composites, hydrogels, flocculants, and coagulants. This review paper provides insights into the production and application of LNP and lignin polymers. In addition, the challenges associated with the characterization and use of these products are comprehensively reviewed.
Bis‐Thioether‐Containing Lipid Chains in Cationic Amphiphiles: Physicochemical Properties and Applications in Gene Delivery
Authors: Bouraoui Amal , Ghanem Rosy , Berchel Mathieu , Vié Véronique , Le Guen Yann , Paboeuf Gilles , Deschamps Laure , Le Gall Tony , Montier Tristan , Jaffrès Paul‐Alain 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCationic amphiphiles featuring two thioether functions in each lipid chain of bicatenar cationic amphiphiles are reported here for the first time. The physicochemical properties and transfection abilities of these new amphiphiles were compared with those of already reported analogues featuring either (i) saturated, (ii) unsaturated or (iii) mono‐thioether containing lipid chains. The homogeneity of the series of new compounds allowed to clearly underscore the effect of bis‐thioether containing lipid chains. This study shows that besides previous strategies based on unsaturation or ramification, the incorporation of two thioether functions per lipid chain constitutes an original complementary alternative to tune the supramolecular properties of amphiphilic compounds. The potential of this strategy was evaluated in the context of gene delivery and report that two cationic amphiphiles (i. e. 4 a and 4 b) can be proposed as new efficient transfection reagents.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Tris(pentafluoroethyl)gallium Compounds
Authors: Niemann Mark , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Hoge Berthold 
Published: August 2019

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Berthold Hoge from Universität Bielefeld, Germany. The cover image shows a Gallic village besieged by Roman legions, which is protected by the weakly coordinating anion [Ga(C2F5)4]– obtained from a magic potion.
Understanding the impact of the Hajj: Explaining experiences of self‐change at a religious mass gathering
Authors: Alnabulsi Hani , Drury John , Vignoles Vivian L. , Oogink Sander 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPrevious research has shown that participation in the Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca can lead to both more positive outgroup attitudes and increased commitment to Muslim identity. We describe a survey of pilgrims (N = 1,176) carried out at Mecca, during the Hajj, which tested explanations for these experiences of self‐change at the time of their occurrence. In line with contact theory, perceived cooperation among pilgrims indirectly predicted more positive outgroup attitudes (as well as enhanced Muslim identification), via identification with the crowd. In line with social identity and identity congruence explanations, positive emotional experience and the perception that the crowd embodied the Muslim value of unity predicted self‐change variables through identification with the crowd. The finding that participation in an all‐Muslim gathering increases positive views of other groups (including non‐Muslims) through identification with the crowd offers an alternative perspective to suggestions that such gatherings might encourage intolerance.
The impact of inter‐flood duration on non‐cohesive sediment bed stability
Authors: Ockelford Annie , Woodcock Stephen , Haynes Heather 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLimited field and flume data suggests that both uniform and graded beds appear to progressively stabilize when subjected to inter‐flood flows as characterized by the absence of active bedload transport. Previous work has shown that the degree of bed stabilization scales with duration of inter‐flood flow, however, the sensitivity of this response to bed surface grain size distribution has not been explored. This article presents the first detailed comparison of the dependence of graded bed stability on inter‐flood flow duration. Sixty discrete experiments, including repetitions, were undertaken using three grain size distributions of identical D50 (4.8 mm); near‐uniform (σg = 1.13), unimodal (σg = 1.63) and bimodal (σg = 2.08). Each bed was conditioned for between 0 (benchmark) and 960 minutes by an antecedent shear stress below the entrainment threshold of the bed (τ*c50). The degree of bed stabilization was determined by measuring changes to critical entrainment thresholds and bedload flux characteristics.Results show that (i) increasing inter‐flood duration from 0 to 960 minutes increases the average threshold shear stress of the D50 by up to 18%; (ii) bedload transport rates were reduced by up to 90% as inter‐flood duration increased from 0 to 960 minutes; (iii) the rate of response to changes in inter‐flood duration in both critical shear stress and bedload transport rate is non‐linear and is inversely proportional to antecedent duration; (iv) there is a grade dependent response to changes in critical shear stress where the magnitude of response in uniform beds is up to twice that of the graded beds; and (v) there is a grade dependent response to changes in bedload transport rate where the bimodal bed is most responsive in terms of the magnitude of change. These advances underpin the development of more accurate predictions of both entrainment thresholds and bedload flux timing and magnitude, as well as having implications for the management of environmental flow design. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Powerful statistical method to detect disease‐associated genes using publicly available genome‐wide association studies summary data
Authors: Zhang Jianjun , Zhao Zihan , Guo Xuan , Guo Bin , Wu Baolin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGenome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have thus far achieved substantial success. In the last decade, a large number of common variants underlying complex diseases have been identified through GWAS. In most existing GWAS, the identified common variants are obtained by single marker‐based tests, that is, testing one single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at a time. Generally, the basic functional unit of inheritance is a gene, rather than a SNP. Thus, results from gene‐level association test can be more readily integrated with downstream functional and pathogenic investigation. In this paper, we propose a general gene‐based p‐value adaptive combination approach (GPA) which can integrate association evidence of multiple genetic variants using only GWAS summary statistics (either p‐value or other test statistics). The proposed method could be used to test genetic association for both continuous and binary traits through not only one study but also multiple studies, which would be helpful to overcome the limitation of existing methods that can only be applied to a specific type of data. We conducted thorough simulation studies to verify that the proposed method controls type I errors well, and performs favorably compared to single‐marker analysis and other existing methods. We demonstrated the utility of our proposed method through analysis of GWAS meta‐analysis results for fasting glucose and lipids from the international MAGIC consortium and Global Lipids Consortium, respectively. The proposed method identified some novel trait associated genes which can improve our understanding of the mechanisms involved in ‐cell function, glucose homeostasis, and lipids traits.
Encouraging use of prenatal care through conditional cash transfers: Evidence from JUNTOS in Peru
Authors: Díaz Juan‐José , Saldarriaga Victor 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe use a difference‐in‐differences strategy to estimate the effects of JUNTOS, a conditional cash transfer program targeted to poor rural households in Peru, on use of prenatal care. Using data from the Peruvian Demographic and Health Surveys over the period 2000–2011, we find that JUNTOS increased prenatal care utilization among program‐eligible women. Even more, we find positive effects of JUNTOS on the probability of receiving prenatal care delivered by a skilled professional, including specific medical checkups during the prenatal visits, and a negative effect on the probability of experiencing obstetric emergencies during labor and childbirth.
Current trends in constructal law and evolutionary design
Authors: Lorente Sylvie , Bejan Adrian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe constructal law was postulated in 1996 as the law of physics that accounts for the phenomenon of time evolution of configuration in all flow systems that have the freedom to morph: animate and inanimate, human made and not human made, social and individual. The constructal‐law field has grown rapidly during the past two decades, particularly with applications to evolutionary design in technology, and with predictions of evolutionary design in biology, geophysics, and social organization. In this review, we highlight some of the current research trends in this field. The topics chosen are from the past 5 years from the activity in our own group, for example, energy storage, heat exchangers, porous media, and technology evolution. The review ends with future directions for research in this very active field.
Simple model for hydrolytic degradation of poly(lactic acid)/poly(ethylene oxide)/carbon nanotubes nanobiosensor in neutral phosphate‐buffered saline solution
Authors: Zare Yasser , Rhee Kyong Y. , Park Soo‐Jin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this study, the hydrolytic degradation of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) blend and PLA/PEO/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) nanobiosensors in neutral phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) solution was investigated by experimental and theoretical approaches. A simple model was developed to estimate the degradation fraction by applying the average degradation rate (K) and time exponent. The predictions of the developed model were compared to the experimental results. Moreover, CNT concentration, CNT size, sample thickness, diffusion coefficient, and concentration of the PEO phase influenced the K value. The impacts of the parameters on the degradation rate were studied to confirm the developed equation. All samples were rapidly degraded during the first week, while the degradation slowly progressed in the following weeks. The experimental and theoretical results demonstrate that CNTs quicken the degradation of samples. The degradation fraction of a nanobiosensor depends directly on the values of K and the time exponent. Furthermore, a high concentration of PEO, small thickness of the sample, high concentration of thin CNTs, and high diffusion coefficient desirably improve the degradation rate.
Microwave‐assisted synthesis of water‐soluble styrylpyridine dye‐capped zinc oxide nanoparticles for antibacterial applications
Authors: Giridhar Manjunath , Naik Halehatty S. Bhojya , Sudhamani Chatnalli N. , Prabakara Mustur C. , Kenchappa Rajappa , Venugopal Nagaraju , Patil Sameer 
Published: August 2019

AbstractZnO nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using a microwave method, whose surface was modified with {4‐[(E)‐2‐(furan‐2‐yl)ethenyl]pyridin‐1‐ium‐1‐yl}acetate as a capping agent (1 and 3%). Their structural properties were investigated using FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDS, and UV–visible spectroscopy. XRD confirmed the Wurtzite structure for all compounds, a size of 30.6 nm for uncapped and 22.9 nm for 3% dye‐capped nanoparticles were calculated from Scherer's equation. Hexagonal wurtzite shape of nanoparticles can be clearly seen in the SEM images. The DFT calculations were carried out using quantum espresso. These dye‐capped ZnO nanoparticles were proved to be potential antibacterial agents, the minimum concentrations of dye‐capped ZnO nanoparticles that inhibit the growth of bacteria are 1.5 mg/mL for Escherichia coli and 0.78 mg/mL for Bacillus subtilis, which are much lower than those of uncapped ZnO. The bioactivity data suggest these organic–inorganic hybrid nanoparticles emerged as a new class of antibacterial agents.
Ruminative responses to interpersonal precipitants mediate borderline personality disorder features’ effects on distress reactivity and recovery in daily life
Authors: Yaroslavsky Ilya , Napolitano Skye C. , France Christopher M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveWe tested whether negative interpersonal events (NIEs) precipitate rumination at times of distress in the daily lives of those with borderline personality disorder (BPD) features and whether such responses mediate associations between BPD and the reactivity and recovery components of emotion dysregulation.Materials and MethodOne hundred twenty‐one women completed clinical interviews, survey measures, and a 7‐day ecological momentary assessment.ResultsElevated BPD features predicted ruminative response deployment only in the context of NIEs. Though elevated BPD features and NIEs predicted heightened distress reactivity, the indirect effect of BPD on distress reactivity via ruminative responses was conditional on NIE occurrence. Ruminative responses also mediated the conditional effects of BPD features on prolonged recovery from distress; trait rumination served as a second indirect pathway between BPD features and distress recovery.ConclusionResults suggest that though contextual, rumination is a common pathway for emotional hyperarousal and slow recovery from distress for those with elevated BPD features.
Incidental finding of an asymptomatic pulmonary valve papillary fibroelastoma: A case report
Authors: Guo Di‐chen , Yang Yuan‐hua , Liu Yan , Sun Lan‐lan , Zhu Wei‐wei , Lu Xiu‐zhang , Li Yi‐dan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPrimary cardiac tumors are rare, but papillary fibroelastoma (PFE) is reportedly the most common form, which usually occurs on the left‐side valves of the heart. However, PFE involving the tricuspid and pulmonary valves has also been documented. Although PFE is benign and seldom associated with valvular dysfunction, the associated embolic complications may lead to serious consequences. Most patients with PFE lack specific clinical symptoms and the diagnosis is incidental. Surgical resection is the mainstay treatment for PFE in order to prevent the occurrence of embolic complications. In this report, we present a case of a rare asymptomatic PFE of the pulmonary valve, which was incidentally noted during a routine examination with transthoracic echocardiography (TEE). There was neither valvular dysfunction nor hemodynamic change. The PFE was surgically removed, and the diagnosis was further confirmed with histopathology.
Interdecadal variation of Changma (Korean summer monsoon rainy season) retreat date in Korea
Authors: Choi Jae‐Won , Kim Hae‐Dong , Wang Bin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study applied statistical change‐point analysis to the time series of the Changma retreat date (CRD) on the Korean Peninsula over a recent 30‐year period (1985–2014) and detected that the CRD has been delayed by about 10 days since 2000. The average CRD is July 14 for 1985–1999 and July 24 for 2000–2014. Corresponding to the CRD delay, the July rainfall is concentrated in the northern South Korea during 2000–2014, whereas tends to be intense along the southern coast during 1985–1999. The delayed CRD is associated with, in the lower and mid‐troposphere, a strengthened cyclonic circulation around Lake Baikal–eastern Sea of Japan and an enhanced anticyclonic circulation in East China Sea. Thus, northerlies from strengthened cyclones and anomalous southerlies from the enhanced anticyclones converge at the northern‐central Korean Peninsula. The anomalous anticyclone is associated with the strengthening of the western North Pacific subtropical high that has strengthened in meridional direction in the later epoch, supplying warm and moist air to Korean Peninsula. The result is verified by the enhanced warm and moist anomalous upward flows in the latitude where Korean Peninsula is placed. The delayed CRD in the latter epoch is related to the decreased spring snowfall over East Asia except for the vicinity of the Lake Baikal, which results in severely hot weather in the East Asia continent from spring to July. The continent heating from spring to July weakened (increases), the thermal gradient between continent and ocean, thereby forming a low‐pressure system on East Asia and a high‐pressure system in western North Pacific, resulting in the strengthening of Changma rain belt in July and delayed the Changma withdrawal.
Binding characteristics of polyphenols as milk plasmin inhibitors
Authors: Yildirim‐Elikoglu Seda , Vural Halil 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe potential use of polyphenols to improve the functional characteristics of dairy products has gained much attention. However, the effects of the polyphenols on naturally occurring enzymes in milk have not been studied extensively. Excess plasmin activity in dairy products might result in several quality defects. The objective of this study was to assess the ability of polyphenols to inhibit plasmin in milk using a molecular and kinetic approach.RESULTSEpicatechin gallate (ECG), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), quercetin (QUER), and myricetin (MYR) caused a significant decrease in plasmin activity by 60, 86, 65, and 90%, respectively. The inhibition rates were alleviated in the presence of milk proteins. EGCG, QUER, and MYR, exhibited noncompetitive inhibition against plasmin, whereas ECG caused a mixed‐type inhibition. A decrease in the random structure of plasmin upon the complex formation with ECG, EGCG, QUER, and MYR was found. The other phenolics that were evaluated did not cause any significant changes in plasmin conformation. The observed inhibitory phenolic‐plasmin interactions were dominated by H‐bonds and electrostatic attractions. Green tea extract (GTE) rich in catechins also inhibited plasmin activity in the milk.CONCLUSIONSignificant changes in the secondary structure of plasmin upon binding of ECG, EGCG, QUER, and MYR led to diminished plasmin activity both in the absence and presence of milk proteins. These flavonoids with promising plasmin inhibitory potential could be used in new dairy formulations leading to controlled undesired consequences of plasmin activity. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Melodamide A from Melodorum fruticosum — Quantification using HPLC and one‐step‐isolation by centrifugal partition chromatography
Authors: Engels Nora S. , Waltenberger Birgit , Schwaiger Stefan , Huynh Loi , Tran Hung , Stuppner Hermann 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMelodamide A, a phenolic amide from the leaves of Melodorum fruticosum Lour., has previously shown pronounced anti‐inflammatory activity. In order to rapidly isolate larger quantities for biological testing, a fast, one‐step isolation method by centrifugal partition chromatography was developed within this study. Fractionation of the dichloromethane extract was performed with a two‐phase solvent system consisting of n‐hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water (3:7:5:5, v/v), leading to the isolation of melodamide A with a purity of >90% and a yield of 6.7 w% within 32 min. The developed method can also be used in dual mode for the enrichment of further constituents like flavonoids or chalcones. In order to support the centrifugal partition chromatography method development, additionally, a high‐performance liquid chromatography method was established and validated to determine quantities of melodamide A in plant material and crude extracts. Analysis of M. fruticosum leaves and a dichloromethane extract obtained from this plant material showed a total melodamide A content of 0.19 ± 0.008 and 8.9 ± 0.249 w%, respectively.
Continuous grass coverage as a management practice in humid environment vineyards increases compaction and CO2 emissions but does not modify must quality
Authors: Bogunovic Igor , Andabaka Zeljko , Stupic Domagoj , Pereira Paulo , Galic Marija , Novak Kristina , Telak Leon Josip 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFew works have been carried out on the coupled impacts of different management practices and tractor traffic on soil properties and degradation in vineyards, grape productivity and must quality. The influence of different tillage practices (conventional tillage—CT; grass coverage in a given year—INV‐GC; tillage in a given year—INV‐T) and continuous grass coverage (CGC) on bulk density (BD), soil water content (SWC), CO2 emissions, grape yield and must quality have been investigated in a vineyard in Zagreb, Croatia. During 2017, soil properties were analysed in the 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm layers after 3, 6 and 11 tractor traffic passes. The results showed that tractor traffic increased the BD in the CGC, INV‐GC and INV‐T treatments. The BD at the 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm depths was significantly higher in CGC than in CT. During the wet year of 2017, CT and INV‐T had significantly higher SWCs than did CGC and INV‐GC. The CO2 emissions under different management practices were INV‐T (120.3 CO2 ha−1 yr−1) > CGC (111.4 CO2 ha−1 yr−1) > INV‐GC (71.7 CO2 ha−1 yr−1) > CT (51.5 kg CO2 ha−1 yr−1). The effects of soil management on must quality and grape composition measurements were also detected. Grape yield was as follows: CT (5.37 kg vine−1) > INV‐GC (4.43 kg vine−1) > CGC (4.06 kg vine−1) > INV‐T (3.87 kg vine−1). Treatments had a significant impact only on pruning weight, pH value and free amino nitrogen (FAN), whereas no significant differences were found in the cluster number per vine, mean cluster weight, sugar content and titratable acids.