bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus cross‐neutralizes dengue viruses
Authors: Zainal Nurhafiza , Tan Kim‐Kee , Johari Jefree , Hussein Heselynn , Wan Musa Wan Rosmaiza , Hassan Jamiyah , Lin Yee‐Shin , AbuBakar Sazaly 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTDengue is the most prevalent mosquito‐borne disease in Southeast Asia, where the incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is approximately 30 to 53 per 100,000. Severe dengue, however, is rarely reported among individuals with SLE. Here, whether sera of patients with SLE cross‐neutralize dengue virus (DENV) was investigated. Serum samples were obtained from individuals with SLE who were dengue IgG and IgM serology negative. Neutralization assays were performed against the three major DENV serotypes. Of the dengue serology negative sera of individuals with SLE, 60%, 61% and 52% of the sera at 1/320 dilution showed more than 50% inhibition against dengue type‐1 virus (DENV‐1), DENV‐2 and DENV‐3, respectively. The neutralizing capacity of the sera was significantly greater against DENV‐1 (P < 0.001) and DENV‐3 (P < 0.01) than against DENV‐2 (P < 0.05). Neutralization against the DENV correlated with dengue‐specific IgG serum titers below the cut‐off point for dengue positivity. Depletion of total IgG from the sera of patients with SLE resulted in significant decreases of up to 80% in DENV inhibition, suggesting that IgG plays an important role. However, some of the SLE sera was still able to neutralize DENV, even with IgG titers <0.1 OD absorbance. Our findings suggest that sera of patients with SLE contain IgG, and possibly other type of antibodies, that can cross‐neutralize DENV, which may explain the rarity of severe dengue in individuals with SLE. Further studies, are needed to further substantiate this finding and to elucidate the specific neutralizing epitopes recognized by the sera of individuals with SLE.
What is the impact of dementia on occupational competence, occupational participation and occupational identity for people who experience onset of symptoms while in paid employment? A scoping review
Authors: Andrew Catherine , Phillipson Lyn , Sheridan Lynnaire 
Published: September 2018

Background/aimEngagement in meaningful occupation, including paid work is considered an important determinant of health, impacted by injury or illness. Dementia is one neurodegenerative syndrome with potential to compromise capacity for remaining engaged in paid employment. In response to ‘ageing’ populations globally, policy shifts within developed economies are increasing workforce participation for those over 45 years and eligibility ages for retirement pensions. Dementia onset is not limited to ‘older age’, consequently an increased impact of dementia is likely for both older workers and those experiencing younger onset dementia. Therefore, identifying and addressing workforce participation issues confronting people with dementia is becoming increasingly important for occupational therapy practice.MethodThis scoping review draws on peer reviewed literature to explore the impact of dementia on workers across the three domains of occupational engagement: occupational competence; occupational participation; and occupational identity using the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO). International studies published in English including full‐text translations between 2000 and 2017 were identified from an incremental search of electronic databases (Web of Science; Scopus; Proquest; MEDLINE; CINAHL; and Health Business Elite) and hand searched reference lists.ResultsSix relevant papers were identified and retained for analysis, all reporting qualitative studies. Data were collated under the three domains of occupational engagement and further organised into emergent subcategories. While evidence was limited, person‐centred approaches addressing dementia‐related changes in occupational competence; workforce participation choices; and redefinition of occupational identity may mitigate negative experiences associated with transitioning from paid worker roles.ConclusionThere is a significant need for further research exploring the impact of dementia on engagement in paid work. Occupational therapists have an important part to play in enabling access to person‐centred interventions that promote continued engagement in meaningful occupational roles, including opportunities to extend workforce participation and engage in supported transitions to retirement.
Peer Assisted Study Sessions (PASS) preparing occupational therapy undergraduates for practice education: A novel application of a proven educational intervention
Authors: Larkin Helen , Hitch Danielle 
Published: September 2018

Background/aimWith rapid growth in occupational therapy education programmes across Australia and a corresponding increase in demand for placements, there is a need to ensure that students are well prepared for practice education. An occupational therapy education programme at a Victorian university introduced a specific Peer Assisted Study Sessions (PASS) programme to develop students’ preparedness for practice education, supplementing core and existing teaching activities. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of occupational therapy students, including their perception of its impact on learning and preparation for practice education.MethodsUsing a phenomenological approach, semi‐structured interviews were undertaken with 15 students who participated in PASS for Placement, 2 of whom were the student leaders. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed.ResultsSeven themes emerged from the data: a safe environment; skill development; one of us; feeling connected; student‐centred and student‐led; different motivations; and learning through leading. Students were positive about the impact of the programme on their confidence and readiness for practice education. Student leaders also reported that it contributed to the development of leadership skills and overall levels of confidence regarding practice education.ConclusionsThis study supports the use of PASS to promote practice education preparedness, as there were positive outcomes for both students and student leaders. However, it indicates that participation in such programmes should be voluntary rather than mandatory. This study addresses a clear gap both in current practice and research, describing the application of a proven educational intervention in a new and innovative way. It is the first reporting of the use of PASS to support the preparation of students for practice education in any health discipline and subject to feasibility studies, could be adopted more broadly by disciplines beyond health, where work integrated learning is a mandatory element of the education programme.
Comparison of floral traits and pollinator assemblages of insular and mainland varieties of Lilium auratum
Authors: Nakajima Rena , Okamiya Hisanori , Shimokawa Satoshi , Yamamoto Kaoru , Kato Hidetoshi , Murakami Noriaki 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Lilium auratum var. platyphyllum, which is endemic to the Izu Islands, has white petals and emits a strong floral scent, typical of moth‐pollinated plants. Moths might be important pollinators within the Izu Islands because swallowtail butterflies are absent or rare there. Therefore, we investigated insular var. platyphyllum and widespread L. auratum var. auratum on the mainland of Japan to clarify the relationship between floral characteristics and pollinators. Measurement of floral scent intensity using an odor sensor indicated that the intensity increased in the evening and at night in var. platyphyllum, whereas intensity increased at night in var. auratum. Total sugar weight in nectar, which was calculated by nectar volume and sugar concentration, showed that the flowers of var. platyphyllum secreted nectar abundantly both in the evening and at night, whereas those of var. auratum secreted an almost constant amount of nectar throughout the day. Flower visitor assemblages and their frequencies studied using digital cameras suggested that crepuscular and nocturnal hawkmoths are important pollinators for var. platyphyllum. In contrast, both diurnal swallowtail butterflies and nocturnal large hawkmoths are important and effective pollinators for var. auratum. These conclusions were also supported by the exclusion experiments of either diurnal or nocturnal flower visitors using mesh bags. The rates of seed sets of var. platyphyllum were significantly higher from nocturnal pollination than from diurnal pollination. Thus, this study revealed that floral traits of var. platyphyllum show more adaptation for crepuscular and nocturnal hawkmoths, which are relatively abundant in the Izu Islands, than those of var. auratum.
Preserving employee capabilities in economic turbulence
Authors: Maley Jane F. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis paper examines how, in times of austerity, employee capabilities can assist firms in augmenting their human capital and at the same time meeting their financial obligations. Real option theory, a concept borrowed from economics, is used to provide a theoretical framework to demonstrate that management has choices when making decisions in times of austerity. The framework provides a means of understanding how decisions can be made to both maintain employee capabilities and at the same time focus on company profit maximisation, typically demanded by shareholders in times of austerity. The study establishes the benefits of a continuous approach to capability development in an environment of economic turbulence. Most importantly, it paves the way for future research in this increasingly critical area.
Experimental evidence of the quantitative relationship between the prokaryote ingestion rate and the food vacuole content in mixotrophic phytoflagellates
Authors: Ballen‐Segura Miguel , Catalan Jordi , Felip Marisol 
Published: September 2018

SummaryThe verification that many phytoflagellates ingest prokaryotes has changed the view of the microbial loop in aquatic ecosystems. Still, progress is limited because the phagotrophic activity is difficult to quantify in natural assemblages. Linking the food vacuole content in protist with the ingestion rate of prokaryotes would provide a crucial step forward. In this study, using the catalysed reporter deposition – fluorescence in situ hybridization protocol (CARD‐FISH), which allows the visualization of labelled prokaryotes inside protists without relying on incubation procedures, we experimentally relate the food vacuole content of prokaryotes (Vc) to the population‐averaged ingestion rates (Ir) estimated using bacteria‐size fluorescent microspheres. The two variables relate according to the equation Ir = 7.52 Vc0.9, which indicates a prokaryote half‐life of about 6 min in the protist vacuole. Five mixotrophic flagellate species from natural and culture populations were evaluated seven times during 24 h; they provided a broad range of average vacuole content (0.01 to 2.02 prokaryote protist−1) and ingestion rates (0.18 to 23 prokaryote protist−1 h−1). Consequently, the relationship found can be applied to quantify the mixotrophy activity in a large variety of field and experimental studies.
Single‐institution study of correlations between skeletal muscle mass, its density, and clinical outcomes in non‐small cell lung cancer patients treated with first‐line chemotherapy
Authors: Cortellini Alessio , Palumbo Pierpaolo , Porzio Giampiero , Verna Lucilla , Giordano Aldo V. , Masciocchi Carlo , Parisi Alessandro , Cannita Katia , Ficorella Corrado , Bozzetti Federico 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundSarcopenia and muscle tissue degradation are hallmarks of the majority of chronic diseases, including non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A computed tomography scan could be an easy modality to estimate the skeletal muscle mass through cross‐sectional image analysis at the level of the third lumbar vertebra.MethodsBaseline skeletal muscle mass (SMM) was evaluated through the skeletal muscle index (SMI), together with skeletal muscle radiodensity (SMD), in NSCLC patients undergoing first‐line chemotherapy to evaluate correlations with safety and clinical outcomes. When SMIs at different time points were available, further comparison was made between patients with worse and improved SMIs.ResultsAmong 81 stage IV NSCLC patients, 28 had low SMM and 23 had low SMD. There were no significant differences in univariate analysis of progression‐free survival (PFS) between patients with baseline low and non‐low SMM (P = 0.06388) or between patients with low and non‐low SMD (P = 0.9126). Baseline low SMM, however, proved a significant predictor of shorter PFS in multivariate analysis (hazard ratio 0.54, 95% confidence interval 0.31–0.93; P = 0.0278), but not low SMD. There were no differences in overall survival (OS) between patients with baseline low and non‐low SMM or low and non‐low SMD. No differences in PFS and OS between evaluable patients with worse or improved SMI were found. A significant difference in hematological toxicities between patients with baseline low and non‐low SMM (P = 0.0358) was observed.ConclusionsLow SMM is predictive of shorter PFS, while consecutive changes in muscular mass do not seem to be a predictor of PFS or OS. The role of muscle radiodensity remains a matter of debate.
Trends in DMT and other tryptamine use among young adults in the United States
Authors: Palamar Joseph J. , Le Austin 
Published: September 2018

Background and ObjectivesThe popularity of tryptamines such as N,N‐dimethyltryptamine (DMT) appears to be increasing in the United States (US), but epidemiologic literature on prevalence of use is scant. This paper aims to determine trends in prevalence and correlates of past‐year tryptamine use among a nationally representative sample of young adults in the US.MethodsParticipants in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health survey were queried about past‐year use of tryptamines—specifically DMT, α‐methyltryptamine (AMT), and 5‐MeO‐DIPT (“Foxy”). Data were examined from young adults (ages 18–25), years 2007–2014 (N = 144,787). Linear trends in prevalence of past‐year tryptamine use were examined in the full sample and stratified by specific demographic and drug use characteristics.ResultsTryptamine use is rare, but increased from .2% in 2007/08 to .7% in 2013/14, a 273% relative increase (p < .001). While prevalence increased among all demographic groups, prevalence was substantially higher among individuals who use other drugs. In particular, between 2007/08 and 2013/14, prevalence of tryptamine use increased among past‐year ecstasy users (from 2.1% to 10.0%) and LSD users (from 7.0% to 15.5%) (ps < .01). Prevalence of tryptamine use tended to be higher among lifetime and past‐year users of psychedelic drugs compared to users of non‐psychedelic drugs.ConclusionWhile tryptamine use is not prevalent in the general young adult population, prevalence is increasing. Users of various other drugs—particularly drugs with psychedelic effects—report higher prevalence of tryptamine use.Scientific SignificanceUsers of other drugs can be targeted when disseminating information about tryptamines to ensure user safety. (Am J Addict 2018;27:578–585)
Impulsivity and decision making in older and younger cocaine‐dependent participants: A preliminary study
Authors: Johns Sade E. , Wang Qin , Straub Lisa K. , Moeller F.Gerard 
Published: September 2018

Background and ObjectivesSubstance misuse is increasing in the older population, which may have differing effects on behavior compared to younger substance participants. Differences in trait and state impulsivity were assessed in younger and older cocaine‐dependent participants.MethodsThirty‐one younger cocaine‐dependent participants (n = 31) and 21 older cocaine‐dependent participants (n = 21) were assessed using the Barrett Impulsiveness Scale‐11 and the Immediate Memory Task.ResultsYounger participants showed higher trait impulsivity than older participants (p =.027). However, older participants demonstrated higher state impulsivity than younger participants (p =.018).ConclusionHigher state impulsivity in older cocaine participants suggests that cocaine use may have accelerating effects on the aging brain.Scientific SignificanceThis preliminary study adds the limited research on how cocaine use affects normal aging. Current treatments are based on younger adults, therefore the needs of older adults should be taken into consideration and studied more. (Am J Addict 2018;27:557–559)
Recent developments and highlights in rhinitis and allergen immunotherapy
Authors: Reitsma Sietze , Subramaniam Soma , Fokkens Wytske W. J. , Wang De Yun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis review paper aims to provide an overview of recent developments in the field of allergic and non‐allergic rhinitis, as well as allergen immunotherapy. Recent advances in phenotyping and endotyping various forms of rhinitis have brought us one step closer towards tailoring treatment more appropriately for a given patient. Updates on local allergic rhinitis are also covered. Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is an area of significant interest, with multiple original papers and recent position papers and guidelines published. Evidence related to the application of AIT in seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis (AR), local allergic rhinitis and novel and expanded applications is discussed in the publication.
High sperm DNA fragmentation delays human embryo kinetics when oocytes from young and healthy donors are microinjected
Authors: Esbert M. , Pacheco A. , Soares S. R. , Amorós D. , Florensa M. , Ballesteros A. , Meseguer M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundTime‐lapse monitoring (TLM) technology has been implemented in the clinical setting for the culture and selection of human embryos. Many studies have assessed the association between sperm DNA fragmentation (sDNAf) and clinical outcomes after ART, but little is known about the influence of sDNA on embryo morphokinetics.ObjectivesThe objective of this retrospective study, which includes 971 embryos from 135 consecutive ICSI cycles (56 cases with own oocytes, 79 with oocytes from young and healthy donors), was to assess if sDNAf has an impact on embryo morphokinetics.Materials and methodsSamples used to perform ICSI were analyzed by the flow cytometry TUNEL assay, and embryo development was assessed through an EmbyoScope® system. The association between sDNAf and the timings of cell cleavage was analyzed by categorizing the first variable into quartiles: ≤6.50%; 6.51–10.70%; 10.71–20.15%; >20.15%.ResultsIn cases where sDNAf was above 20.15% (the upper quartile), embryos derived from donated oocytes (n = 644) showed significantly slower divisions. Such association was not observed in embryos obtained from the patients’ own oocytes (n = 327). The embryo cleavage pattern (either normal, direct from 1 to 3 blastomeres, direct from 1 to 4 blastomeres, incomplete, reversed or asynchronous) was independent of the sDNAf level. Blastocyst arrival rate was 63.0% and the rate of good quality embryos (transferred and frozen embryos divided by the number of zygotes) was 45.49%. Neither parameter was related to the levels of sDNAf.DiscussionAccording to our results, the association between high sDNAf and donated oocytes led to delayed cell division. To our knowledge, this is the first study suggesting that sDNAf can delay human embryo cleavage timings when oocytes from donors are inseminated.ConclusionsThis finding may indicate that, in the presence of increased DNA damage, time is needed before the first embryonic cell division for the activation of the optimal DNA repairing machinery in higher quality oocytes.
Peripapillary microcirculation in Leber hereditary optic neuropathy
Authors: Kousal Bohdan , Kolarova Hana , Meliska Martin , Bydzovsky Jan , Diblik Pavel , Kulhanek Jan , Votruba Marcela , Honzik Tomas , Liskova Petra 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPurposeIn this prospective observational comparative case series, we aimed to study the peripapillary capillary network with spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT‐A) in Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON).MethodsTwelve eyes of six individuals, of these three males (five eyes) after clinical onset of visual impairment were imaged by OCT‐A with scans centred on optic discs. Control group consisted of 6 eyes with no visual impairment.ResultsThe three affected individuals lost vision 6 years (at age 22 years), 2 years and 3 months (at age 26 years) and 1 year and 2 months (at age 30 years) prior to OCT‐A examination. All five affected eyes had alterations in density of the radial peripapillary microvascular network at the level of retinal nerve fibre layer, including an eye of a patient treated with idebenone that underwent almost full recovery (best corrected visual acuity 0.87). Interestingly, the other eye showed normal ocular findings 14 months after onset. Results of OCT‐A examination in this eye were unfortunately inconclusive due to a delineation error. At the level of the ganglion cell layer differences could be also noted, but only in two severely affected individuals. There were no differences between unaffected mutation carriers and control eyes.ConclusionOptical coherence tomography angiography scans confirmed that the peripapillary microvascular network is highly abnormal in eyes manifesting visual impairment due to LHON. These findings support the hypothesis that microangiopathy contributes to the development of vision loss in this mitochondrial disorder.
Artificial chamber and 3D printed iris: a new wet lab model for teaching Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty
Authors: Famery Nicolas , Abdelmassih Youssef , El‐Khoury Sylvain , Guindolet Damien , Cochereau Isabelle , Gabison Eric E. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPurposeTo describe a new wet lab model of Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) using human corneas mounted on an artificial anterior chamber with an artificial iris and to compare the performance time and scores between beginners and experienced anterior segment surgeons.MethodsCorneas were mounted on an artificial chamber. To simulate an anterior chamber and to avoid loosing the graft into the tubing, a 3D printed iris was added. Each DMEK procedure required only one cornea for graft preparation, insertion, orientation, unfolding and centration. Ten human research corneas were used for training purposes. Intraoperative OCT was only used to validate the different steps of the procedure. Operators were divided into two groups, two beginners and three experienced DMEK surgeons.ResultsAll DMEK procedures were successfully performed. Descemet's tears were frequent but harvesting was successful in all procedures. All combinations of graft unfolding techniques were possible. Experienced surgeons performed statistically better then beginners with faster harvesting (12.8 versus 28.2 min; p = 0.02) and insertion (13.5 versus 20.8 min; p = 0.05) times and better performance score (94 versus 52; p = 0.03).ConclusionThis DMEK wet lab model offers a close to reality, feasible, resource‐sparing and valid teaching technique that permits to perform all DMEK surgical steps. It also offers the possibility of varying the surgical difficulty by changing the anterior chamber depth.