bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orthopedic Injuries Associated with Hoverboard Use in Children: A Multi-center Analysis
Authors: Goldhaber Nicole H. , Goldin Amanda N. , Pennock Andrew T. , Livingston Kristin , Bae Donald S. , Yen Yi Meng , Shore Benjamin J. , Kramer Dennis E. , Jagodzinski Jason E. , Heyworth Benton E. 
Published: May 2019

Background Since its release in 2015, the hoverboard has been associated with injuries in children and adolescents. However, its public health implications have yet to be explored in the orthopedic literature across multiple centers. Purpose/Questions We sought to assess the nature of orthopedic injuries and the use of clinical resources related to the hoverboard at four high-volume, regional pediatric hospitals. Methods Departmental databases of emergency department (ED) consultations and urgent orthopedic clinic (UC) visits were queried for hoverboard injuries. A retrospective medical record review was performed for patients presenting over a 3-month period at four institutions. Data on demographics, injuries, clinical course, and resource use were analyzed. The frequency of hoverboard-related consultations was compared to those for monkey bar–related injuries at the primary study institution. Results Eighty-nine patients with orthopedic hoverboard injuries presented to the ED and/or UC in the study period. Hoverboard injuries represented 2.2% of orthopedic ED consultations at the primary institution, compared to 1.5% for monkey bar injuries. Sixty-nine out of 89 (77.5%) total injuries involved the upper extremity, including 47 (52.8%) distal radius fractures, the most common hoverboard–related diagnosis. All but one injury (97.8%) underwent radiography, and eight (9%) required surgery. No patients reported wearing protective gear at the time of their injury. Conclusions Hoverboards were associated with a variety of pediatric orthopedic injuries and required the use of significant resources in the ED, UC, and operating room. These data may represent a starting point for further prospective multi-center studies and public health efforts toward prevention of hoverboard injuries.
Development of an efficient bioreactor system for delivering foreign proteins secreted from liver into eggs with a vitellogenin signal in medaka Oryzias latipes
Authors: Murakami Yu , Horibe Tomohisa , Kinoshita Masato 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this study, we developed a novel bioreactor system to deliver and accumulate foreign proteins in eggs using medaka fish Oryzias latipes with the aid of a partial sequence of vitellogenin (Vtg). In teleost fish, Vtg, the hepatically generated precursor of egg yolk proteins, is secreted into the bloodstream and then taken up into eggs. We predicted in silico a probable region (Vtg signal) of Vtg that mediates transportation of proteins from the liver into eggs. Then, we established two transgenic lines expressing the fused proteins including the Vtg signal and each reporter gene, enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) or firefly luciferase (LUC)-fused EGFP, in the liver driven by a liver-specific choriogeninH (chgH) promoter. Each reporter signal was detected from the fertilized eggs spawned by the transgenic females, showing successful transportation of the proteins into the eggs with the Vtg signal. This is the first report demonstrating that the Vtg signal has capability to deliver exogenous proteins into eggs. Because Vtg is a highly conserved protein among most of oviparous organisms, our findings hold promise for establishing bioreactor systems viable in a wide range of organisms.
Building Scholars and Communities of Practice in Digital Heritage and Archaeology
Authors: Watrall Ethan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAs the role of digital methods in heritage and archaeology has increased in prominence, so has the question of capacity and community building. Who should receive training in digital methods? How should training take place? What concepts, platforms, technologies should be taught? These are relevant questions requiring careful planning and thoughtful implementation; yet beyond these questions, there is an issue of even greater importance: the planned development of communities of practice. The teaching of digital methods has a greater chance of success if it takes place in an ecosystem of scholars who are connected to one another through shared perspectives on those methods. This article presents and discusses the details of a model developed at Michigan State University that speaks to teaching digital archaeology and heritage methods, and to the development of communities of practice in which those methods are shared and relevant. The model is driven and informed by the activities of three projects: the National Endowment for the Humanities-funded Institute on Digital Archaeology Method & Practice, the Cultural Heritage Informatics Graduate Fellowship Program, and the Department of Anthropology Digital Cultural Heritage Fieldschool.
Combining Geographic Information Systems and Agent-Based Models in Archaeology: Part 2 of 3
Authors: Davies Benjamin , Romanowska Iza , Harris Kathryn , Crabtree Stefani A. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTArchaeologists are using spatial data in increasingly sophisticated analyses and invoking more explicit considerations of space in their interpretations. Geographic information systems (GIS) have become standard technology for professional archaeologists in the collection and management of spatial data. Many calls have been made to develop and adapt digital geospatial technologies for interpretation and understanding past social dynamics, but this has been limited to some extent by the static nature of map-oriented GIS approaches. Here, we illustrate how coupling GIS with agent-based modeling (ABM) can assist with more dynamic explorations of past uses of space and geospatial phenomena.
Use of Antiepileptic Drugs in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Dmytriw Adam A. , Maragkos Georgios A. , Zuccato Jeffrey , Singh Jeffrey M. , Wilcox M. Elizabeth , Schweikert Sacha 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT:Introduction:Controversy exists in antiepileptic drug (AED) prophylaxis prescribing in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We undertook the Use of Antiepileptic Drugs in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (ALIBI) study to identify factors associated with prescribing practices.Methods:A retrospective chart review of all consecutive patients requiring Level 1 care with aneurysmal SAH admitted between 2012 and 2014 to the intensive care unit at Toronto Western Hospital, Ontario, Canada, was conducted. Data were collected on clinical and imaging characteristics. Primary and secondary outcomes were AED prophylaxis and clinical seizure activity during hospitalization. Data were compared using chi-square or Mann–Whitney U-tests. Those variables found to be significant, or trending toward significance, on univariate analysis were fitted to multivariate regression.Results:Sixty-eight patients were included. Mean age was 62 ± 12.2, and 42.6% of patients were male. Of these, 21 patients (30.9%) received AED prophylactically, while 18 (26.5%) had reported seizures at some point during hospitalization. Female gender and presence of midline shift (MLS) were significantly associated or approached significance with AED prophylaxis in univariate analysis (p = 0.036 and p = 0.062, respectively). In multivariate analysis, only MLS was an independent predictor (odds ratio 5.09, p = 0.04).Conclusion:The presence of MLS was an independent predictor of seizure activity in patients with aneurysmal SAH. AED prophylaxis prescribing patterns seemed arbitrary and was not informed by identifiable clinical factors or true risk factors for seizure. A current lack of evidence guiding AED prescribing practice highlights the need for larger studies in this patient population.
Sprays from droplets impacting a mesh
Authors: Kooij S. A. , Moqaddam A. M. , de Goede T. C. , Derome D. , Carmeliet J. , Shahidzadeh N. , Bonn D. 
Published: May 2019

In liquid spray applications, the sprays are often created by the formation and destabilization of a liquid sheet or jet. The disadvantage of such atomization processes is that the breakup is often highly irregular, causing a broad distribution of droplet sizes. As these sizes are controlled by the ligament corrugation and size, a monodisperse spray should consist of ligaments that are both smooth and of equal size. A straightforward way of creating smooth and equally sized ligaments is by droplet impact on a mesh. In this work we show that this approach does however not produce monodisperse droplets, but instead the droplet size distribution is very broad, with a large number of small satellite drops. We demonstrate that the fragmentation is controlled by a jet instability, where initial perturbations caused by the injection process result in long-wavelength disturbances that determine the final ligament breakup. During destabilization the crests of these disturbances are connected by thin ligaments which are the leading cause of the large number of small droplets. A secondary coalescence process, due to small relative velocities between droplets, partly masks this effect by reducing the amount of small droplets. Of the many parameters in this system, we describe the effect of varying the mesh size, mesh rigidity, impact velocity and wetting properties, keeping the liquid properties the same by focusing on water droplets only. We further perform lattice Boltzmann modelling of the impact process that reproduces key features seen in the experimental data.
Coopetition and Firm Survival in a Cluster: Insights from the Population Ecology on the Yacht Industry in an Emerging Economy, 1957–2010
Authors: Chung Hsi-Mei , Cheng Li-Hsuan 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTFirms that are located in a cluster may confront cooperation and competition at the same time. The advantage of cooperation and the disadvantage of competition on a firm may need to examine the firm survival in a cluster as the cluster evolves. Employing the population ecology viewpoint, this study tries to address coopetition issues in a cluster to examine the impact of coopetition on firm survival rate. Analyzing yacht industry data in Taiwan from 1957–2010, this study indicates that the founding rate of yacht firms will be positively related with the cluster size. Additionally, during the competition period, those firms located inside the cluster may have a higher dissolution rate than those firms outside the cluster, indicating the disadvantage of competition on the firm. Finally, this study finds that those firms located inside the cluster will be more likely to become larger and have capabilities to survive. The results in this study provide insights on addressing coopetition issues in a cluster.
From Financial Misdemeanants to Recidivists: The Perspective of Social Networks
Authors: Bao Fenghua , Zhao Yapu , Tian Longwei , Li Yuan 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTActs of financial misconduct in business affect firms in many negative ways. Therefore, why do certain misdemeanants repeatedly commit these acts? We suggest that financial misdemeanants with different social networks will perceive the costs and benefits of committing financial frauds differently, thereby affecting the likelihood of committing financial frauds in the future. To be specific, we suggest that politically connected misdemeanants are less likely to recommit financial frauds, while misdemeanants at interlock network center are more likely to recommit financial frauds. In addition, we propose that misdemeanants are less likely to recommit financial frauds when their partners in the interlock network community are punished for financial frauds. To test our theory, we collected panel data from Chinese listed firms from 2005 to 2014 and employed event history analysis (EHA).
Equity in International Law
Authors: Lapidoth Ruth 
Published: May 2019

In its judgment concerning the frontier dispute between Burkina Faso and the Republic of Mali (1986), the Chamber ot the International Court of Justice (I.C.J.) summarized its opinion on the applicability of equity as follows:It is clear that the Chamber cannot decideex aequo et bonoin this case. Since the Parties have not entrusted it with the task of carrying out an adjustment of their respective interests, it must also dismiss any possibility of resorting to equitycontra legem. Nor will the Chamber apply equitypraeter legem. On the other hand, it will have regard to equityinfra legem, that is, that form of equity which constitutes a method of interpretation of the law in force, and is one of its attributes. As the Court has observed: “It is not a matter of finding simply an equitable solution but an equitable solution derived from the applicable law”.
The Changing Role of the International Court
Authors: Rosenne Shabtai 
Published: May 2019

En s'efforçant, au lendemain de la guerre [1914 – 1918], de poser les bases d'une société de peuples régie par le droit, les fondateurs de cette communauté internationale nouvelle se rendaient pleinement compte qu'il ne saurait y avoir une société organisée sans un pouvoir judiciaire chargé de veiller, en dehors de toute préoccupation de politique et de force, à la stricte observation du droit. C'est dans cette conviction qu'ils ont prévu, dès l'origine, la création de la Cour permanente de Justice internationale.Feinberg in 1931Reviewing the history of the Permanent Court of International Justice and of the International Court of Justice from 1922—the World Court, a convenient but possibly misleading expression which embraces both the Permanent Court from 1922 to 1945 and the present International Court of Justice established as an integral part of the United Nations since—four clearly separated periods can be discerned. They run from 1922 to 1931, 1932 to 1940, 1946 to 1966, and from 1967 onwards.The establishment of the League of Nations and the Permanent Court after a cataclysmic war in Europe and the awe-inspiring Russian Revolution released a wave of euphoria upon the exhausted and war-weary peoples of what is now known as Western Europe, and they placed great hopes in the new League and Court.
Late Campanian–Maastrichtian Ammonite Fauna from Seymour Island (Antarctic Peninsula)
Authors: Macellari Carlos E. 
Published: May 2019

One of the richest and best preserved late Campanian-Maastrichtian ammonite faunas of the world occurs within the Lopez de Bertodano Formation on Seymour Island. The excellent exposure of this sequence has offered an opportunity for detailed stratigraphic study of the fauna, providing a stratigraphic control unavailable for most other Southern Hemisphere strata of similar age.Ammonites are restricted to the Cretaceous portion of the Lopez de Bertodano Formation, becoming more abundant and increasing in diversity within a 600-m interval below the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary. The ammonite-rich levels are divided into three zones (from oldest to youngest:Pachydiscus ootacodensis, P. riccardiandP. ultimuszones), extending from the late Campanian-Maastrichtian to the latest Maastrichtian.The taxonomic study of this fauna shows a predominance of endemic taxa of the family Kossmaticeratidae, including the speciesMaorites tuberculatusHowarth,M. seymourianus(Kilian and Reboul),M. densicostatus(Kilian and Reboul),M. weddelliensisn. sp.,Grossouvrites gemmatus(Huppe) andGunnarites bhavaniformis(Kilian and Reboul). These taxa, together with the members of the family DesmoceratidaeKitchinites(Kitchinites)darwini(Steinmann) andK.(K.)lauraen. sp., are mostly restricted to the margins of the Late Cretaceous Weddellian Province that extended from southern South America to Australia.Cosmopolitan genera described in this work become more abundant up section and include the speciesAnagaudryceras seymouriensen. sp.,Zelandites varuna(Forbes),Pseudophyllites loryi(Kilian and Reboul),Diplomoceras lambiSpath,Pachydiscus(Pachydiscus)ootacodensis(Stoliczka),P.(P.)riccardin. sp. andP.(P.)ultimusn. sp.
White matter endophenotype candidates for ADHD: a diffusion imaging tractography study with sibling design
Authors: Chiang Huey-Ling , Hsu Yung-Chin , Shang Chi-Yuan , Tseng Wen-Yih Isaac , Gau Susan Shur-Fen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundBrain structural alterations are frequently observed in probands with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Here we examined the microstructural integrity of 76 white matter tracts among unaffected siblings of patients with ADHD to evaluate the potential familial risk and its association with clinical and neuropsychological manifestations.MethodsThe comparison groups included medication-naïve ADHD probands (n = 50), their unaffected siblings (n = 50) and typically developing controls (n = 50, age-and-sex matched with ADHD probands). Whole brain tractography was reconstructed automatically by tract-based analysis of diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI). Microstructural properties of white matter tracts were represented by the values of generalized fractional anisotropy (GFA), fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD) and axial diffusivity (AD).ResultsCompared to the control group, ADHD probands showed higher AD values in the perpendicular fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus I, corticospinal tract, and corpus callosum. The AD values of unaffected siblings were in the intermediate position between those of the ADHD and control groups. These AD values were significantly associated with ADHD symptoms, sustained attention and working memory, for all white matter tracks evaluated except for the perpendicular fasciculus. Higher FA and lower RD values in the right frontostriatal tract connecting ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (FS-VLPFC) were associated with better performance in spatial span only in the unaffected sibling group.ConclusionsAbnormal AD values of specific white matter tracts among unaffected siblings of ADHD probands suggest the presence of familial risk in this population. The right FS-VLPFC may have a role in preventing the expression of the ADHD-related behavioral phenotype.ClinicalTrials.gov numberNCT01682915
DIFFERENZE TERRITORIALI E TIPI DI VOTO. LE CONSULTAZIONI DEL MAGGIO-GIUGNO 1985
Authors: Cartocci Roberto 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneIl referendum sulla scala mobile del 9–10 giugno 1985 è probabilmente destinato ad essere presto rimosso dalla memoria non solo della classe politica, ma anche dei singoli cittadini. Contingenze temporali e politiche hanno congiurato per smussarne rapidamente il rilievo. Il suo esito è stato interpretato unanimemente come una mera conferma delle elezioni del mese precedente, che peraltro hanno avuto ben maggiori riflessi sui rapporti tra i partiti. Sul piano del merito, la concomitante disdetta dell'accordo con i sindacati da parte della Confindustria ha ridefinito radicalmente i termini stessi delle questioni su cui il referendum era stato indetto.
OPZIONI POLITICHE E VINCOLI MILITARI. IL “ DILEMMA DELLA SICUREZZA ” DEL 1914
Authors: Rusconi Gian Enrico 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneUn governo decide di sviluppare il proprio armamento e di migliorare le proprie strategie militari, senza alcuna intenzione aggressiva, ma per garantirsi maggiore sicurezza. Di riflesso i governi degli altri Stati adottano misure analoghe. Il risultato è l'aumento di insicurezza per tutti — maggiore di quanto non fosse all'inizio dell'operazione. In circostanze di acuta tensione internazionale e in presenza di tecnologie e dispositivi strategici instabili, l'esito finale è un'altissima probabilità di guerra.
LA VOLATILITÀ ELETTORALE
Authors: Bartolini Stefano 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneNelle scienze sociali sono utilizzati di frequente concetti importanti e ricchi di significato teorico che, però, non si prestano facilmente ad essere operazionalizzati e misurati nemmeno in modo indiretto. Il concetto di volatilità elettorale non appartiene a questo gruppo; anzi, rappresenta un esempio, tipico quanto raro, della situazione inversa. Sin dall'inizio della sua relativamente recente intrusione nel gergo degli studi elettorali, la volatilità elettorale ha trovato facile e non controversa misurazione sia al livello dei singoli partiti che del sistema partitico. Si è in generale etichettata questa misura come « mutamento elettorale netto » o « aggregato » tra una elezione e la successiva.
POLARIZZAZIONE PARTITICA E NON-PROPORZIONALITÀ ELETTORALE IN GRECIA
Authors: Seferiades Seraphim 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneQuesto saggio si propone di esaminare l'evoluzione del sistema partitico greco nel dopoguerra. Anche se rappresentano solo un subsistema del sistema politico, i partiti assolvono indubbiamente una cruciale funzione di intermediazione fra società e governo e sono, dunque, estremamente importanti per comprendere il rendimento del sistema nel suo complesso. Cionondimeno, fino ad epoca molto recente essi sono stati quasi del tutto trascurati dalla moderna storiografia greca; e non si rischia di esagerare affermando che a tutt'oggi non esiste alcuna ricerca sul sistema partitico in quanto tale, cioè visto come un insieme integrato di attori le cui interazioni concrete e tipizzate sono in grado di influire su altri ambiti, o altri subsistemi, della polity. Se non proprio ignorati del tutto, i partiti sono stati abitualmente confinati in un ruolo reattivo e in nessun caso considerati capaci di strutturare le tensioni sociali. Da questo punto di vista, la Grecia si può considerare un esempio per antonomasia di ciò che Sartori ha chiamato « riduzionismo sociologico », ed è appunto contro questa tendenza che si rivolge il presente lavoro. D'altro canto, con ciò non intendo naturalmente sostenere che i partiti abbiano il potere di creare dal nulla e introdurre nella società civile conflitti non preesistenti nel suo seno. Ma, certo, la natura della competizione interpartitica come tale è un fattore che influisce sull'andamento di questi conflitti e può contribuire ad acuirli o a smorzarli.
Shell fragments as indicators of bed sediment transport in the Tay Estuary
Authors: Al-Dabbas M. A. M. , McManus J. 
Published: May 2019

SynopsisThe sediments of the floor of the Tay Estuary are dominated by assemblages of quartzo-feldspathic sands, although pebbles and silts are locally important. The sands are principally of inorganic materials, but they include shell fragments which account for up to 25% of the material, depending upon locality.Detailed analyses of the shell components of the 0.3–1.2 mm size fraction (400 particles from each site) in the area between Balmerino and Monifieth Bay reveal the presence of much molluscan debris (identified as mature and immature bivalves and gastropods), with significant proportions of bryozoan, barnacle or echinoderm skeletal fragments according to locality. Ostracoda and foraminifera are less common. The shelly material occurs mostly within zones inhabited by the same living organisms.The characteristic blue-colouredMytilus edulisshell fragments are also recognised up to 6 km landwards of the westernmost known colonies, along the railway bridge.Shell matter is dissimilar in shape and surface texture to the clastic grains and large shell fragments are frequently associated with sand sized inorganic sediments, which have been shown in flume experiments to respond in a similar manner to hydraulic controls.TheMytilusis therefore suitable for use as a natural tracer. It indicates up-estuary net residual motion of sediments in the middle and upper reaches. This pattern confirms evidence from heavy mineral assemblages that North Sea derived sands enter the estuary and migrate westwards to accumulate on the upper estuarine tidal flats.