bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metformin Decreases the Incidence of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Promoted by Diet-induced Obesity in the Conditional KrasG12D Mouse Model
Authors: Chang Hui-Hua , Moro Aune , Chou Caroline Ei Ne , Dawson David W. , French Samuel , Schmidt Andrea I. , Sinnett-Smith James , Hao Fang , Hines O. Joe , Eibl Guido , Rozengurt Enrique 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a particularly deadly disease. Chronic conditions, including obesity and type-2 diabetes are risk factors, thus making PDAC amenable to preventive strategies. We aimed to characterize the chemo-preventive effects of metformin, a widely used anti-diabetic drug, on PDAC development using the KrasG12D mouse model subjected to a diet high in fats and calories (HFCD). LSL-KrasG12D/+;p48-Cre (KC) mice were given control diet (CD), HFCD, or HFCD with 5 mg/ml metformin in drinking water for 3 or 9 months. After 3 months, metformin prevented HFCD-induced weight gain, hepatic steatosis, depletion of intact acini, formation of advanced PanIN lesions, and stimulation of ERK and mTORC1 in pancreas. In addition to reversing hepatic and pancreatic histopathology, metformin normalized HFCD-induced hyperinsulinemia and hyperleptinemia among the 9-month cohort. Importantly, the HFCD-increased PDAC incidence was completely abrogated by metformin (p < 0.01). The obesogenic diet also induced a marked increase in the expression of TAZ in pancreas, an effect abrogated by metformin. In conclusion, administration of metformin improved the metabolic profile and eliminated the promoting effects of diet-induced obesity on PDAC formation in KC mice. Given the established safety profile of metformin, our findings have a strong translational potential for novel chemo-preventive strategies for PDAC.
Evaluating English Morpheme Accuracy, Diversity, and Productivity Measures in Language Samples of Developing Bilinguals
Authors: Potapova Irina , Kelly Sophia , Combiths Philip N. , Pruitt-Lord Sonja L. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
This work explores the clinical relevance of three measures of morpheme use for preschool-age Spanish–English bilingual children with varying language skills. The 3 measures reflect accuracy, diversity (the tense marker total), and productivity (the tense and agreement productivity score [TAP score]) of the English tense and agreement system.

Method
Measures were generated from language samples collected at the beginning and end of the participants' preschool year. Participants included 74 typically developing Spanish–English bilinguals and 19 peers with low language skills. The morpheme measures were evaluated with regard to their relationships with other language sample measures, their ability to reflect group differences, and their potential for capturing morphological development at group and individual levels.

Results
Across both groups, the tense marker total and TAP scores were associated with other language measures and demonstrated both group differences and growth over time. The accuracy measure met few of these benchmarks.

Conclusion
The tense marker total and TAP score, which were designed to capture emerging morphological abilities, contribute valuable information to a comprehensive language assessment of young bilinguals developing English. Case examples are provided to illustrate the clinical significance of including these measures in assessment.
Understanding Disorder Within Variation: Production of English Grammatical Forms by English Language Learners
Authors: Bedore Lisa M. , Peña Elizabeth D. , Anaya Jissel B. , Nieto Ricardo , Lugo-Neris Mirza J. , Baron Alisa 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
This study examines English performance on a set of 11 grammatical forms in Spanish–English bilingual, school-age children in order to understand how item difficulty of grammatical constructions helps correctly classify language impairment (LI) from expected variability in second language acquisition when taking into account linguistic experience and exposure.

Method
Three hundred seventy-eight children's scores on the Bilingual English–Spanish Assessment–Middle Extension (Peña, Bedore, Gutiérrez-Clellen, Iglesias, & Goldstein, 2008) morphosyntax cloze task were analyzed by bilingual experience groups (high Spanish experience, balanced English–Spanish experience, high English experience, ability (typically developing [TD] vs. LI), and grammatical form. Classification accuracy was calculated for the forms that best differentiated TD and LI groups.

Results
Children with LI scored lower than TD children across all bilingual experience groups. There were differences by grammatical form across bilingual experience and ability groups. Children from high English experience and balanced English–Spanish experience groups could be accurately classified on the basis of all the English grammatical forms tested except for prepositions. For bilinguals with high Spanish experience, it was possible to rule out LI on the basis of grammatical production but not rule in LI.

Conclusions
It is possible to accurately identify LI in English language learners once they use English 40% of the time or more. However, for children with high Spanish experience, more information about development and patterns of impairment is needed to positively identify LI.
Curriculum-Based Language Interventions: What, Who, Why, Where, and How?
Authors: Meaux Ashley Bourque , Norris Janet A. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
School-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs) have been asked to be contributors to the educational curriculum (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2010). The aim of this tutorial is to provide elementary school-based SLPs with a guide to explore curriculum-based language interventions (CBLIs) in their practices.

Method
In this tutorial, the authors (a) describe CBLI, (b) review the existing literature available to guide this type of practice in elementary school, (c) provide examples of how we have explored CBLIs, and (d) discuss the existing barriers for implementing CBLIs in schools.

Conclusion
SLPs have language and literacy expertise qualifying us to be well-suited for playing an important role in supporting CBLI. The information presented in this article provides school-based SLPs with support to implement CBLIs in early elementary school and illustrates the need for additional evidence to support CBLIs.
Unique Contributors to the Curriculum: From Research to Practice for Speech-Language Pathologists in Schools
Authors: Powell Rachel K. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
This lead article of the Clinical Forum focuses on the research that supports why speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are an integral part of the overarching curriculum for all students in schools.

Method
Focus on education has shifted to student performance in our global world, specifically in college and career readiness standards. This article reviews recommendations on best practice from the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association on SLPs' roles in schools, as well as data on school-based services. Implementation of these practices as it is applicable to school initiatives will be explored. Methods of interventions available in schools, from general education to special education, will be discussed based on national guidelines for a Response to Intervention and Multi-Tiered System of Support. Research regarding teacher knowledge of the linguistic principles of reading instruction will be explored, as well as correlation between teacher knowledge and student performance.

Results
The implications for how SLPs as the linguistic experts offer unique roles in curriculum and the evidence available to support this role will be explored. Implications for future research needs will be discussed.

Conclusion
The demands of a highly rigorous curriculum allow SLPs a unique opportunity to apply their knowledge in linguistic principles to increase student performance and achievement. With the increased focus on student achievement, growth outcome measures, and value-added incentives, it is critical that SLPs become contributors to the curriculum for all students and that data to support this role are gathered through focused research initiatives.
Introduction to the Clinical Forum: Exploring Curriculum-Based Language Assessment and Interventions
Authors: Meaux Ashley Bourque 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this article is to introduce the Clinical Forum: Exploring Curriculum-Based Language Assessment and Interventions, which investigates the current evidence supporting curriculum-based language intervention and assessment.

Method
This introduction highlights the need for speech-language pathologists to approach intervention with knowledge of the best evidence available and highlights the 6 articles presented in this clinical forum.

Conclusion
The articles in this clinical forum shed light on the current state of the evidence for curriculum-based language intervention and assessment across the educational continuum. Authors provide readers with access to techniques available to all school-based speech-language pathologists to advocate for, assess, and implement interventions within the classroom curriculum. This forum also establishes the need for more data to support current school-based models of assessment and intervention.
Consonant and Vowel Identification in Cochlear Implant Users Measured by Nonsense Words: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Rødvik Arne Kirkhorn , von Koss Torkildsen Janne , Wie Ona Bø , Storaker Marit Aarvaag , Silvola Juha Tapio 
Published: April 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to establish a baseline of the vowel and consonant identification scores in prelingually and postlingually deaf users of multichannel cochlear implants (CIs) tested with consonant–vowel–consonant and vowel–consonant–vowel nonsense syllables.MethodSix electronic databases were searched for peer-reviewed articles reporting consonant and vowel identification scores in CI users measured by nonsense words. Relevant studies were independently assessed and screened by 2 reviewers. Consonant and vowel identification scores were presented in forest plots and compared between studies in a meta-analysis.ResultsForty-seven articles with 50 studies, including 647 participants, thereof 581 postlingually deaf and 66 prelingually deaf, met the inclusion criteria of this study. The mean performance on vowel identification tasks for the postlingually deaf CI users was 76.8% (N= 5), which was higher than the mean performance for the prelingually deaf CI users (67.7%;N= 1). The mean performance on consonant identification tasks for the postlingually deaf CI users was higher (58.4%;N= 44) than for the prelingually deaf CI users (46.7%;N= 6). The most common consonant confusions were found between those with same manner of articulation (/k/ as /t/, /m/ as /n/, and /p/ as /t/).ConclusionsThe mean performance on consonant identification tasks for the prelingually and postlingually deaf CI users was found. There were no statistically significant differences between the scores for prelingually and postlingually deaf CI users. The consonants that were incorrectly identified were typically confused with other consonants with the same acoustic properties, namely, voicing, duration, nasality, and silent gaps. A univariate metaregression model, although not statistically significant, indicated that duration of implant use in postlingually deaf adults predict a substantial portion of their consonant identification ability.As there is no ceiling effect, a nonsense syllable identification test may be a useful addition to the standard test battery in audiology clinics when assessing the speech perception of CI users.
Prologue: Toward Accurate Identification of Developmental Language Disorder Within Linguistically Diverse Schools
Authors: Oetting Janna B. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
Although the 5 studies presented within this clinical forum include children who differ widely in locality, language learning profile, and age, all were motivated by a desire to improve the accuracy at which developmental language disorder is identified within linguistically diverse schools. The purpose of this prologue is to introduce the readers to a conceptual framework that unites the studies while also highlighting the approaches and methods each research team is pursuing to improve assessment outcomes within their respective linguistically diverse community.

Method

A
disorder within diversity
framework is presented to replace previous
difference vs. disorder
approaches. Then, the 5 studies within the forum are reviewed by clinical question, type of tool(s), and analytical approach.

Conclusion
Across studies of different linguistically diverse groups, research teams are seeking answers to similar questions about child language screening and diagnostic practices, using similar analytical approaches to answer their questions, and finding promising results with tools focused on morphosyntax. More studies that are modeled after or designed to extend those in this forum are needed to improve the accuracy at which developmental language disorder is identified.
Asynchronous sampling terahertz time‐domain spectroscopy using semiconductor lasers
Authors: Döpke B. , Surkamp N. , Hu Y. , Brenner C. , Klehr A. , Knigge A. , Tränkle G. , Hofmann M.R. 
Published: April 2018

Asynchronous optical sampling terahertz time‐domain spectroscopy using semiconductor laser‐based ultra‐short pulse sources is demonstrated. A pair of hybridly mode‐locked edge‐emitting external cavity lasers operating at a wavelength of 830 nm is used. Terahertz traces with spectral components over a range of 250 GHz are achieved.
Modified parameter tuning method for LCL/P compensation topology featured with load‐independent and LCT‐unconstrained output current
Authors: Yao Yousu , Liu Xiaosheng , Wang Yijie , Xu Dianguo 
Published: April 2018

Inductive power transfer (IPT) has attracted a lot of attention in recent 30 years due to its advantages of convenience, safety, reliability and weather proof. This study proposes a modified parameter tuning method for primary inductor‐capacitor‐inductor, secondary parallel (LCL/P) compensation topology, which provides the characteristic of excellent constant current output (CCO). This characteristic is analysed on the basis of inductor‐capacitor(LC) and capacitor‐inductor (CL) resonant tanks. To lower the voltage stresses over capacitors and current stresses through inductors, the stress‐based optimisation is conducted. The sensitivity of CCO characteristic with respect to the normalised deviation of compensation parameters is analysed; therefore, the performance of LCL/P compensated IPT system in practical scenarios can be fully understood. The loosely coupled transformer (LCT) is specially designed since it has a significant impact on system efficiency, component stress, power density etc. An exhaustive search algorithm is employed to find the optimal dimensions of the LCT. A 100 W LCL/P compensated IPT prototype is fabricated. The measured end‐to‐end efficiency, from DC input to DC output, is as high as 92.8%. The output current only increases by 2.02% when the load decreases by half. All experiment results agree well with the theoretical analysis.
Efficacy of transoral incisionless fundoplication for refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: McCarty Thomas , Itidiare Michael , Njei Basile , Rustagi Tarun 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background Given poor symptomatic response rates and rising awareness of the adverse events associated with the long-term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), endoscopic modalities for treatment of refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) have become more prominent. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate feasibility, efficacy, and tolerability of transoral incisionless fundoplication (TIF) for the treatment of refractory GERD.
Methods Searches of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were performed to March 2017. Measured outcomes included immediate technical success rate and serious adverse events. Symptomatic improvement was measured using GERD Health-related Quality of Life (HRQL), Gastroesophageal Reflux Symptom Score (GERSS), and Reflux Symptom Index (RSI). Objective success was determined by hiatal hernia reduction and pH monitoring.
Results 32 studies (1475 patients; 48.2 % male) met inclusion criteria. TIF success rate was 99 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 97 to 100; P < 0.001), with an adverse event rate of 2 % (95 %CI 1 to 3; P < 0.001). GERD HRQL, GERSS, and RSI improved significantly post-TIF (mean difference 17.72, 95 %CI 17.31 to 18.14; mean difference 23.78, 95 %CI 22.96 to 24.60; mean difference 14.28, 95 %CI 13.56 to 15.01; all P < 0.001, respectively). Hernia reduction occurred in 91 % of patients (95 %CI 83 to 98; P < 0.001). DeMeester scores improved significantly (mean difference 10.22, 95 %CI 8.38 to 12.12; P < 0.001). PPI therapy was discontinued post-procedure in 89 % of patients (95 %CI 82 to 95; P < 0.001).
Conclusions TIF appears to be a safe and effective endoscopic procedure for patients with refractory GERD. Future controlled trials are needed to directly compare efficacy, long-term durability, and safety between TIF and Nissen fundoplication.
Sternal Reconstruction with the Omental Flap—Acute and Late Complications, Predictors of Mortality, and Quality of Life
Authors: Hörner C. , Sogorski A. , Goertz O. , Ring A. , Harati K. , Lehnhardt M. , Daigeler A. , Kolbenschlag J. 
Published: April 2018

Background The omental flap is a reliable flap for the coverage of sternal defects. However, little is known about the predictors of mortality and the long-term outcome in such patients.
Methods We, therefore, performed a retrospective study from 2002 to 2013, including all patients who underwent sternal reconstruction with the omental flap.
Results A total of 50 patients were identified and mean follow-up was 3.8 years. Patient data was collected from the charts and 14 patients were available for telephone interviews. The majority of patients suffered from deep sternal wound infections. There was no complete flap loss and an overall success rate was 96%. In-hospital mortality was 14% and overall survival over follow-up was 50%. Significant predictors of mortality were age > 65, American Society of Anesthesiologists' status, defect size, prolonged ventilation, and the need for tracheotomy. Postoperative quality of life was reduced compared with other cohorts, especially with regard to bodily function. Pain was also a major problem for most patients along with herniation.
Conclusion The omental flap is a safe option even in patients with severe comorbidities. However, based on the data in this study, we would recommend the omental flap as a reserve option rather than first-line treatment for sternal defects.
Long-Term Results of Endovascular Femoropopliteal Interventions
Authors: Marone Luke , Hacker Robert 
Published: April 2018

Background and Objective Short-term results of endovascular intervention for femoropopliteal lesions have been extensively reported; however, there exists a paucity of long-term objective data related to outcomes of these interventions. We sought to characterize these long-term results including patency, limb salvage, and mortality.
Methods From May 2003 to July 2009, all patients who underwent technically successful endovascular balloon angioplasty and/or stenting for Trans-Atlantic Inter-Societal Consensus (TASC) II B, C, and D lesions were identified in a retrospective fashion. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, arterial noninvasive data, and angiographic anatomic data were evaluated.
Results A total of 236 limbs in 186 patients (mean age 74, range 37–94) were treated. Lesion distributions by TASC II classification B, C, and D were 121 (51.3%), 37 (15.7%), and 78 (33%), respectively. Critical limb ischemia (CLI) was the indication for intervention in 42.4% of patients. Five-year primary and primary-assisted patency rates stratified by TASC II classification were B: 55.1%, 91.9%; C: 37.4%, 74.6%; D: 35.5%, 67%, respectively (p = 0.23). Secondary patency based on TASC II classification was B: 92.9%, C: 83%, and D: 75.9%, respectively. Univariate analysis identified age > 75, CLI, and cerebrovascular disease as predictors for loss of patency. Reinterventions to maintain patency were required in 26.5% of TASC II B, 43.2% of TASC II C, and 25.6% of TASCII D lesions (p = NS) and mean time to reintervention ranged from 22 to 29 months with no significant difference related to TASC II classification. A total of eight limbs (3.38%) were converted to open revascularization with two (0.85%) having a change in their initial preoperatively identified bypass target site. Three limbs (1.27%) required a major amputation during follow-up. Survival at 5 years was 44.3%; CLI and smoking were identified as risk factors for death (hazard ratio [HR] 2.6, 1.75–3.84, p < 0.001, HR 3.33, 1.70–6.52, p < 0.001), respectively.
Conclusion Long-term patency of endovascular interventions for complicated femoropopliteal lesions is acceptable across TASC II classification and is associated with excellent limb salvage. Mortality in this patient cohort is significant with CLI and smoking being identified as predictors of death.
A Contemporary Meta-Analysis of Antegrade versus Retrograde Cerebral Perfusion for Thoracic Aortic Surgery
Authors: Takagi Hisato , Mitta Shohei , Ando Tomo 
Published: April 2018

Objective To determine which of antegrade and retrograde cerebral perfusion (ACP and RCP) surpasses for a reduction in postoperative incidence of neurological dysfunction and all-cause death in thoracic aortic surgery, we performed a meta-analysis of contemporary comparative studies.
Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from January 2010 to June 2017. For each study, data regarding the endpoints in both the ACP and RCP groups were used to generate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Study-specific estimates were combined using inverse variance-weighted averages of logarithmic ORs in the fixed-effect model.
Results We identified and included 19 eligible studies with a total of 15,365 patients undergoing thoracic aortic surgery by means of ACP (a total of 7,675 patients) or RCP (a total of 7,690 patients). Pooled analysis demonstrated no statistically significant differences in postoperative incidence of stoke (17 studies enrolling a total of 9,421 patients; OR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.79–1.08; p = 0.32) and mortality (16 studies including a total of 14,452 patients; OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.90–1.26; p = 0.46) between ACP and RCP, whereas a trend toward a significant reduction in incidence of temporary neurological dysfunction (TND) for ACP (12 studies enrolling a total of 7922 patients; OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.69–1.04; p = 0.12) was found.
Conclusion In thoracic aortic surgery, postoperative incidence of stroke and mortality was similar between ACP and RCP, whereas a trend toward a reduction of TND incidence existed in ACP.