bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphorus Heterocycles and Their Biological Applications
Authors: Kumar Asim , Mukhopadhyay Joy , Bhagat Srikant 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLife of the living organism is based on phosphorous, and it is involved in almost all important biological and biochemical processes such as energy transfer, bone development and storing genetic information. Many of the therapeutic agents having C─P bond, isolated naturally as well and widely used in daily clinical practices are phosphorus‐containing drugs (e.g: phosphotriesters, phosphonates, phosphinates, phosphine oxides, phosphoric amides, bisphosphonates, phosphoric anhydrides, etc.) and growing further. The phosphorus heterocycles (PHs) integrate the merits of both phosphorus atom and heterocyclic scaffolds representing an important class of organophosphorus compounds, which are constantly drawing the attention among both industrial and scientific society as these compounds have shown varieties of related applications. Owing to its seminal biological importance PHs have inspired a whole generation of medicinal chemists to come up with novel scaffolds containing phosphorous atom. This review is focused mainly on the compilation of different classes of bioactive phosphorus containing heterocyclic skeletons (which includes phosphorus atom within the heterocyclic ring system or as substituted phosphorus atom attached with another heterocyclic ring system) having both therapeutic and other material chemistry applications since the year 2000 onwards barring their synthetic routes.
Templated Synthesis of Hollow RuO2 Nanospheres for Alleviating Metal Wear Particle‐Induced Osteoclast Activation and Bone Loss
Authors: Sun Ziying , Muhammad Faheem , Qiao Chenfeng , Gong Wenli , Wang Zheng , Liu Yuan , Yu Xin , Dong Jian , Lv Jie , Cheng Xi , Lu Zhihao , Lin Chenguang , Lv Zhongyang , Sun Wenshuang , Yuan Tao , Meng Jia , Wu Rui , Shi Dongquan , Wei Hui , Bao Nirong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWear particulate debris‐induced osteoclast over‐activation is a major causative factor in periprosthetic osteolysis and aseptic loosening, resulting in the non‐infectious failure of total joint arthroplasty. To mitigate such pathological bone loss, various therapeutic targets have been identified. Oxidative stress is one of the main contributing factors in the promotion of osteoclastogenesis. Herein, using a template‐assisted approach, hollow ruthenium oxide (RuO2) nanospheres are synthesized as an effective antioxidant for the treatment of CoCrMo alloy particles‐induced osteolysis. Hollow RuO2 significantly suppressed receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐B ligand (RANKL)‐induced osteoclastogenesis, bone resorption, and the expression of specific markers (including NFATc1, c‐Fos, MMP9, CTSK, and DC‐STAMP) of bone marrow‐derived macrophages via inhibition of the nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α pathways. In mouse calvaria, hollow RuO2 nanozymes demonstrate an appreciable attenuation in osteoclast differentiation, bone loss, and soft tissue malformations induced by CoCrMo alloy particles. This study envisions that the antioxidant nanozymes may be further applied as a therapeutic entity in the prevention and treatment of other inflammatory and oxidative stress‐related ailments.
A Universal Strategy for Synthesis of Large‐Area and Ultrathin Metal Oxide/rGO Film Towards Scalable Fabrication of High‐Performance Wearable Microsupercapacitors
Authors: Pan Houqing , Xu Qirui , Fan Yingchun , Mao Chun , Qi Gaocan , Ma Yongchang , Zhang Chenguang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHigh‐performance wearable microsupercapacitor (MSC) as energy storage components is highly desirable for developing self‐powering wearable electronics. However, synthesis of MSC electrode film concurrently possessing large area, ultrathin thickness, and high areal energy storage capability is still challenging. Herein, a universal strategy is reported to synthesize large‐area and ultrathin metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) hybrid‐structured films by attaching self‐assembled film of a wide range of MONPs onto self‐assembled rGO film and subsequent carbonization. Combining a template‐assisted patterning strategy and a floating film salvaging process, flexible symmetric and asymmetric MSCs based on MONPs@C/rGO films can be easily prepared in large areas. MONP agglomeration is avoided and its pseudocapacitive behavior is well utilized, thereby realizing a high areal specific capacitance of 9.32 mF cm−2 in Fe3O4@C/rGO‐based symmetric MSC at a film thickness of only 275 nm, corresponding to a high volumetric specific capacitance of 338.9 F cm−3. Moreover, the MnO@C/rGO‖Fe3O4@C/rGO‐based asymmetric MSC delivers a high volumetric energy density of 69.8 mWh cm−3. The MSCs also demonstrate their efficient power supply in wearable self‐powering systems. This work provides a new route for scalable preparation of high‐performance wearable MSCs, and also enables customizable fabrication and performance tuning of MSCs.
Payload Provision to the ESA Science Programme
Authors: Zarnecki John , Parmar Arvind 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe have collected data pertaining to the Principal Investigators (PIs), and co-PIs (where appropriate) for all ESA-led Science Directorate missions since the first such launch, namely of COS-B in 1975. For a total of 28 missions (including 4 in preparation awaiting launch), 437 individuals have been recorded along with their institution, location, “academic age” and gender. We have correlated the number of PIs by country with the financial contribution of those countries to the ESA Science programme. We have also investigated issues associated with age and gender of the PIs. As a result of these analyses, we make suggestions for actions which ESA and its Member States may wish to consider with the aim of encouraging equity and diversity while still placing scientific excellence as the overarching goal.
Conclusions
Authors: Parmar Arvind , Bonnet Roger-Maurice , De Marchi Guido , Kuulkers Erik , Pilbratt Göran , Schartel Norbert , Zarnecki John 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis chapter summarises and draws together the results of the previous chapters of this work. Using the assumption that the exploitation and contributions to the Science Programme should scale with a Member State’s financial contribution to the programme, the “exploitation” (number of publications) is contrasted with the “contributions” (number of payload elements provided) to the ESA Science Programme. Some of the ESA Member States who excel in these areas are highlighted. The acceptance rates of proposals submitted requesting observing time on ESA’s observatories (XMM-Newton, INTEGRAL and Herschel) are used to investigate success rate dependence on academic age, gender and institute country.
Research and Development of an AI Music Therapist – Toward Digital Therapeutics of Music Therapy
Authors: Kosugi Naoko , Ishii Kentaro , Kodama Naoki 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper describes research into the development of an artificial intelligence (AI) based music therapist (AI music therapist) for elderly people with dementia. Music therapy is expected to be effective for the ‘behavioural and psychological symptoms’ of dementia and thus contribute to reducing the burden of caregiving. However, the number of music therapists in Japan is very small compared to the number of elderly people with dementia, and not all elderly people with dementia in Japan have easy access to music therapy. Therefore, in order to enable elderly people with dementia to receive music therapy anytime, anywhere and as many times as possible, we are developing a virtual music therapist (AI music therapist) called ‘Satsuki-san’, who appears on a computer screen. In this paper, we report on the latest version of ‘Satsuki-san’ and collect opinions from caregivers actually engaged in the care of elderly people with dementia and music therapists with extensive clinical practice experience with elderly people with dementia. The opinions of the caregivers and music therapists showed a high level of expectation for the AI music therapist, but they also pointed out a number of problems, for example about Satsuki’s speech, such as the need for more intonation. The music therapists also pointed out a number of areas for improvement with regard to singing accompaniment. In the future, we would like to collect a variety of data from the subjects of music therapy through the use of the AI music therapists and establish a music digital therapeutics that can objectively evaluate the subjects’ condition and predict the progression of dementia.
Islands far outside the horizon
Authors: Bousso Raphael , Penington Geoff 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Information located in an entanglement island in semiclassical gravity can be nonperturbatively reconstructed from distant radiation, implying a radical breakdown of effective field theory. We show that this occurs well outside of the black hole stretched horizon. We compute the island associated to large-angular momentum Hawking modes of a four-dimensional Schwarzschild black hole. These modes typically fall back into the black hole but can be extracted to infinity by relativistic strings or, more abstractly, by asymptotic boundary operators constructed using the timelike tube theorem. Remarkably, we find that their island can protrude a distance of order $$ \sqrt{\ell_p{r}_{\textrm{hor}}} $$

ℓ
p

r
hor

outside the horizon. This is parametrically larger than the Planck scale ℓp and is comparable to the Bohr radius for supermassive black holes. Therefore, in principle, a distant observer can determine experimentally whether the black hole information paradox is resolved by complementarity, or by a firewall.
Altered ACE2 and interferon landscape in the COVID-19 microenvironment correlate with the anti-PD-1 response in solid tumors
Authors: Subbarayan Karthikeyan , Al-Samadi Ahmed , Schäfer Helene , Massa Chiara , Salo Tuula , Biehl Katharina , Vaxevanis Christoforos K. , Ulagappan Kamatchi , Wahbi Wafa , Reimers Matthias , Drexler Felix , Moreira-Soto Andres , Bachmann Michael , Seliger Barbara 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAngiotensensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) is a receptor for SARS-CoV-2, allowing the virus to enter cells. Although tumor patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 often have a worse outcome, the expression, function and clinical relevance of ACE2 in tumors has not yet been thoroughly analyzed. In this study, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data from tumors, adjacent tissues and whole blood samples of COVID-19 patients from genome databases and from tumor cell lines and endothelial cells infected with different SARS-CoV-2 variants or transfected with an ACE2 expression vector (ACE2high) or mock (ACE2low) were analyzed for the expression of ACE2 and immune response relevant molecules in silico or by qPCR, flow cytometry, Western blot and/or RNA-seq. The differential expression profiles in ACE2high vs. ACE2low cells correlated with available SARS-CoV-2 RNA-seq datasets. ACE2high cells demonstrated upregulated mRNA and/or protein levels of HLA class I, programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), components of the antigen processing machinery (APM) and the interferon (IFN) signaling pathway compared to ACE2low cells. Co-cultures of ACE2high cells with peripheral blood mononuclear cells increased immune cell migration and infiltration towards ACE2high cells, apoptosis of ACE2high cells, release of innate immunity-related cytokines and altered NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Thus, ACE2 expression was associated in different model systems and upon SARS-CoV-2 infection with an altered host immunogenicity, which might influence the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. These results provide novel insights into the (patho)physiological role of ACE2 on immune response-relevant mechanisms and suggest an alternative strategy to reduce COVID-19 severity in infected tumor patients targeting the ACE2-induced IFN-PD-L1 axis.
Copies of $$l^{\infty }$$ in Quasi-normed Calderón–Lozanovskiĭ Spaces
Authors: Foralewski Paweł , Hudzik Henryk , Kolwicz Paweł 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We consider order isomorphic and order linearly isometric copies of

$$l^{\infty }$$

l
∞

in the quasi-normed Calderón–Lozanovskiĭ spaces

$$E_{\varphi }$$

E
φ

. We present a number of theorems describing these copies in the natural language of suitable properties of the quasi-normed ideal space E and the non-decreasing Orlicz function

$$\varphi $$

φ

. In particular, we will characterize quasi-normed Orlicz–Lorentz spaces having order isomorphic and order linearly isometric copies of

$$l^{\infty }$$

l
∞

. Our studies are conducted in a full possible generality due to the measure space and the Orlicz function.
Impfverhalten von Klinikpersonal verstehen – Ergebnisse der OKaPII-Studie 2023
Authors: Wulkotte Elisa , Schmid-Küpke Nora Katharina 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund
Das Potenzial der Influenza-Impfung zur Verhinderung der Erkrankung und Weiterverbreitung des Virus wird im klinischen Setting nicht ausgeschöpft. Ein Verständnis von Impfverhalten ist notwendig, um wirksame Maßnahmen zur Steigerung der Impfquote ergreifen zu können.

Methodik
OKaPII ist eine jährliche, deutschlandweite Onlinebefragung von Klinikpersonal zur Influenza-Impfung. Es wurden Unterschiede im Impfverhalten nach Alter, Geschlecht und Beruf sowie im Wissen zwischen Ärzteschaft und Pflege getestet. Zusammenhänge zwischen psychologischen Determinanten und Impfverhalten wurden bei Ärzteschaft und Pflege mittels Regressionsanalysen identifiziert.

Ergebnisse
An der Befragung (17.04.–15.05.2023) nahmen 15.312 Mitarbeitende aus 115 Kliniken teil. In der Saison 2022/2023 waren 58,7 % des befragten Klinikpersonals gegen Influenza geimpft (Pflege: 51,1 %; Ärzteschaft: 80,7 %). Die Impfentscheidung von Ärzteschaft und Pflegepersonal hing u. a. signifikant mit der Wahrnehmung der Impfung als gemeinschaftliche Maßnahme (Pflege: OR = 1,94; Ärzteschaft: OR = 1,89) sowie dem Vertrauen in die Sicherheit der Impfung (Pflege: OR = 1,90; Ärzteschaft: OR = 1,78) zusammen. Von den Wissensitems wurden 87,2 % von der Ärzteschaft und 62 % von der Pflege richtig beantwortet.

Diskussion
Es bestehen deutliche Unterschiede in den Impfquoten zwischen Berufsgruppen in deutschen Kliniken. Impflücken bestehen seit Jahren, insb. bei Pflegekräften. Zielgruppengerechte Interventionen sollten den Schutzgedanken vulnerabler Personen und das Vertrauen in die Sicherheit der Impfung fördern. Verstärkte Aufklärung, v. a. zu Sicherheitsfragen der Impfung, kann die Impfentscheidung positiv beeinflussen. Es sollten Möglichkeiten geschaffen werden, die Impfung trotz Zeitnot am Arbeitsplatz wahrzunehmen.
Unraveling the genetic basis of Rhizobium rhizogenes-mediated transformation and hairy root formation in rose using a genome-wide association study
Authors: Rüter Philipp , Debener Thomas , Winkelmann Traud 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Key Message
Multiple QTLs reveal the polygenic nature of R. rhizogenes-mediated transformation and hairy root formation in roses, with five key regions explaining 12.0–26.9% of trait variability and transformation-related candidate genes identified.

Abstract
Understanding genetic mechanisms of plant transformation remains crucial for biotechnology. This is particularly relevant for roses and other woody ornamentals that exhibit recalcitrant behavior in transformation procedures. Rhizobium rhizogenes-mediated transformation leading to hairy root (HR) formation provides an excellent model system to study transformation processes and host–pathogen interactions. Therefore, this study aimed to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with HR formation and explore their relationship with adventitious root (AR) formation in rose as a model for woody ornamentals. A diversity panel of 104 in vitro grown rose genotypes was transformed with R. rhizogenes strain ATCC 15834 carrying a green fluorescent protein reporter gene. Phenotypic data on callus and root formation were collected for laminae and petioles. A genome-wide association study using 23,419 single-nucleotide polymorphism markers revealed significant QTLs on chromosomes one and two for root formation traits. Five key genomic regions explained 12.0–26.9% of trait variability, with some peaks overlapping previously reported QTLs for AR formation. This genetic overlap was supported by weak to moderate correlations between HR and AR formation traits, particularly in petioles. Candidate gene identification through literature review and transcriptomic data analysis revealed ten candidate genes involved in bacterial response, hormone signaling, and stress responses. Our findings provide new insights into the genetic control of HR formation in roses and highlight potential targets for improving transformation efficiency in ornamental crops, thereby facilitating future research and breeding applications.
Multimodal market information fusion for stock price trend prediction in the pharmaceutical sector
Authors: Wang Hongren , Xie Zerong , Chiu Dickson K. W. , Ho Kevin K. W. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWith the evolution of China's market economy, the securities market is increasingly anchoring a pivotal role in the nation's economic landscape. Consequently, stock trend forecasting has garnered heightened attention among scholars and practitioners. This research pioneers the use of multimodal information to predict stock market fluctuations. Based on our experimental results, LSTM + Transformer performs better in handling multimodal data for stock movement prediction tasks regarding accuracy, F1-score, precision, and recall. Additionally, we employed the Granger causality test and Impulse response test to investigate the causal relationships between sentiment and stock trends, as well as the interplay between COVID-related indicators and stock trajectories. We identified discernible causal links between sentiments, COVID indicators, and stock trends for select pharmaceutical stocks. Our findings can provide valuable guidance for investors and market regulators, especially within the pharmaceutical industry. Understanding investor sentiment and the impact of the pandemic on severity can assist in effective stock commentary management and improve investment strategies.
Formative Evaluation of Post-Opera Live Discussion of the Center Cannot Hold Part 2 and Resilience Workshop
Authors: Wells Kenneth , Booker-Vaughns Juanita , Dzou Tiffany , Saks Elyn R. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThere are few studies of impacts of arts on recovery in schizophrenia, on audience and cast responses. We developed a formative qualitative evaluation of audience and cast discussions after viewing live performances in a university setting of an opera based on Elyn Saks’ journey from psychosis, teaching law and falling in love, coupled with pre-opera workshop on community approaches to resilience. Live discussions were conducted with audience, cast members, and workshop presenters after performance of the opera, with recording and transcription, and reflexive thematic qualitative analysis sequentially conducted by 3 investigators/2 event leaders). Across 3 events, there were 81 comments (65’10” total time) from facilitator, audience members, cast and creators. Key themes across participant groups were: (1) Connecting with the story; (2) Identifying “normal” lifestyles with mental illness; (3) Refocusing goals of care for providers; (4) Increasing awareness around mental health; with an overarching theme the value of art on mental health to highlight awareness of these issues. Live art events (opera with pre-workshop) on mental health with author with lived experience present, were noted by audience and cast as enhancing connection, enhancing understanding of mental illness and clarifying goals for care, through the shared experience of art. This may inform future research and art events on mental health.
Chatbots and academic writing for doctoral students
Authors: Krumsvik Rune Johan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis exploratory case study examines how AI technologies, specifically a GPT-4-based synopsis chatbot, can serve as a sparring partner for doctoral students in Norway. Despite favourable conditions, only two-thirds of Norwegian PhD candidates complete their doctorates, partly due to challenges with article-based dissertations that require a comprehensive synopsis (60–90 pages). Ambiguities and unintended double standards exist across disciplines regarding this format, despite national guidelines. To address this, we developed a synopsis chatbot by training GPT-4 on Norwegian doctoral rubrics and literature about article-based dissertations, making it more domain-specific, context-specific, and multilingual. The goal was to determine if and how the chatbot could support PhD candidates in writing their synopses. Preliminary results indicate varying levels of AI acceptance among PhD supervisors, with 60% expressing scepticism about using AI for academic writing. However, the chatbot performed well in providing formative assessment and handling multimodal illustrations, proving to be a valuable sparring partner for doctoral students. This suggests the need to update conventional theories of formative assessment to include AI and chatbots as complementary "digital supervisors" in doctoral education. While the chatbot shows promise in mitigating issues related to unwritten rules and vague genre requirements, this early-phase exploratory study acknowledges several limitations and emphasizes the need to address ethical considerations regarding AI in academia.
Mobile learning in the classroom – Should students bring mobile devices for learning, or should these be provided by schools?
Authors: Laumann Daniel , Krause Maurice , Kremer Fabienne E. , Leibrock Barbara , Ubben Malte S. , Forthmann Boris , Janzik Robin , Masemann Dörthe , Reer Felix , Denz Cornelia , Greefrath Gilbert , Heinicke Susanne , Marohn Annette , Quandt Thorsten , Souvignier Elmar , Heusler Stefan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn recent years, the importance of mobile devices has increased for education in general and more specifically for science and mathematics education. In the classroom, approaches for teaching with mobile devices include using student-owned devices (“bring your own device”; BYOD approach) or using school-owned devices from central pools (POOL approach). While many studies point out features of mobile learning and BYOD that are conducive to learning, a research gap can be identified in the analysis of effects of mobile device access concepts on teaching–learning processes. Thus, this study aimed to empirically compare BYOD and POOL approaches in terms of learning performance and cognitive performance (subject knowledge development, cognitive load, concentration performance). Furthermore, the analyses included specific characteristics and preconditions (gender, socioeconomic status, fear of missing out, problematic smartphone use). A quasi-experimental study (two groups) was conducted in year 8 and 9 physics classes (N = 339 students) in which smartphones are used for different purposes. The present data show no group differences between the BYOD and the POOL approach in the group of learners with respect to subject knowledge development, cognitive load, and concentration performance. However, individual findings in subsamples indicate that the POOL approach may be beneficial for certain learners (e.g., learners with low fear of missing out or learners tending toward problematic smartphone use). For school practice, these results indicate that organizational, economic, and ecological aspects appear to be the main factors in deciding about the mobile device access concept.