bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Witnessing Tether-cutting Reconnection at the Onset of a Partial Eruption
Authors: Chen 陈 Hechao 何超 , Duan Yadan , Yang Jiayan , Yang Bo , Dai Jun 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In this paper, we study the onset process of a solar eruption on 2015 February 21, focusing on its unambiguous precursor phase. With multiwavelength imaging observations from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA), definitive tether-cutting (TC) reconnection signatures, i.e., flux convergence and cancellation, bidirectional jets, and topology change of hot loops, were clearly observed below the pre-eruption filament. As TC reconnection progressed between the sheared arcades that enveloped the filament, a channel-like magnetic flux rope (MFR) arose in multiwavelength AIA passbands wrapping around the main axis of the filament. With the subsequent ascent of the newborn MFR, the filament surprisingly split into three branches. After a 7 hr slow-rise phase, the high-lying branch containing the MFR abruptly accelerated causing a two-ribbon flare; while the two low-lying branches remained stable forming a partial eruption. Complemented by kinematic analysis and decay index calculation, we conclude that TC reconnection played a key role in building up the eruptive MFR and triggering its slow rise. The onset of the torus instability may have led the high-lying branch into the standard eruption scenario in the fashion of a catastrophe.
No Evidence for Enhanced [O iii] 88 μm Emission in a z ∼ 6 Quasar Compared to Its Companion Starbursting Galaxy
Authors: Walter Fabian , Riechers Dominik , Novak Mladen , Decarli Roberto , Ferkinhoff Carl , Venemans Bram , Bañados Eduardo , Bertoldi Frank , Carilli Chris , Fan Xiaohui , Farina Emanuele , Mazzucchelli Chiara , Neeleman Marcel , Rix Hans-Walter , Strauss Michael A. , Uzgil Bade , Wang Ran 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array band 8 observations of the [O iii] 88 μm line and the underlying thermal infrared continuum emission in the z = 6.08 quasar CFHQS J2100–1715 and its dust-obscured starburst companion galaxy (projected distance: ∼60 kpc). Each galaxy hosts dust-obscured star formation at rates >100 M
⊙ yr−1, but only the quasar shows evidence for an accreting 109
M
⊙ black hole. Therefore we can compare the properties of the interstellar medium in distinct galactic environments in two physically associated objects, ∼1 Gyr after the big bang. Bright [O iii] 88 μm emission from ionized gas is detected in both systems; the positions and linewidths are consistent with earlier [C ii] measurements, indicating that both lines trace the same gravitational potential on galactic scales. The [O iii] 88 μm/far-infrared (FIR) luminosity ratios in both sources fall in the upper range observed in local luminous infrared galaxies of similar dust temperature, although the ratio of the quasar is smaller than in the companion. This suggests that gas ionization by the quasar (expected to lead to strong optical [O iii] 5008 Å emission) does not dominantly determine the quasar’s FIR [O iii] 88 μm luminosity. Both the inferred number of photons needed for the creation of O++ and the typical line ratios can be accounted for without invoking extreme (top-heavy) stellar initial mass functions in the starbursts of both sources.
Detection of Gopher Tortoise Burrows Before and After a Prescribed Fire: Implications for Surveys
Authors: Howze Jennifer M. , Smith Lora L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractGopher tortoise Gopherus polyphemus populations have declined by as much as 80% over the past century, primarily as a result of habitat loss. In 2006, the eastern population of the gopher tortoise was petitioned for federal listing as threatened. In response, a Candidate Conservation Agreement was developed for the gopher tortoise. A Candidate Conservation Agreement is a voluntary agreement between the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and other interested parties to address the conservation needs of a species before it becomes federally listed and to enact measures to preclude the need to list the species. The gopher tortoise Candidate Conservation Agreement identified an assessment of the status of populations on protected lands as a priority and line transect distance sampling (LTDS) was adopted as the standardized survey methodology. Surveys with LTDS rely on detection of gopher tortoise burrows because tortoises are fossorial. However, gopher tortoise burrows vary greatly in size and small burrows of juveniles are rarely detected. Although LTDS is statistically robust and allows for imperfect detection, few studies have examined how detection varies with tortoise burrow size and whether habitat structure may influence detection of gopher tortoise burrows. Both factors could affect the accuracy of population estimates using LTDS and interpretation of demographic parameters needed for the Candidate Conservation Agreement. Therefore, we conducted surveys for burrows using LTDS before (28 March–13 April 2016) and after (9–18 May 2016) a prescribed burn, which reduced vegetation cover. We detected significantly more burrows (P &lt; 0.001, n = 651) of all sizes after the burn, and the burrow abundance estimate was 64% higher postburn. Our study showed that conducting gopher tortoise surveys after a prescribed burn increased detections and provided a more accurate population estimate. We therefore recommend conducting surveys immediately after a burn. However, varying burn cycles on large sites may make it difficult to survey following a prescribed burn and because the effects of a burn on habitat structure may vary within a site, methods to account for variation in detection due to habitat structure are needed. Population estimates for gopher tortoises using LTDS that do not account for variation in detection due to habitat structure likely underestimate population size.
Nutrient Profiles of Wild and Captive Attwater's and Greater Prairie-Chicken Eggs
Authors: Morrow Michael E. , Koutsos Elizabeth A. , Toepfer John E. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
We determined reference levels of minerals, fatty acids, and fat-soluble micronutrients in eggs from wild Attwater's Tympanuchus cupido attwateri and two (Minnesota, Nebraska) greater prairie-chicken T. c. pinnatus populations for comparison with eggs produced by captive Attwater's prairie-chickens to help guide formulation and evaluation of captive diets. Levels of all minerals found in wild Attwater's prairie-chicken eggs were similar to those in at least one of the two greater prairie-chicken populations, but these levels frequently differed between the two greater prairie-chicken populations. Ratios for n-6:n-3 fatty acids were &gt;3 times higher for Minnesota greater prairie-chickens, which had more access to waste grain than Attwater's or Nebraska greater prairie-chickens. Captive eggs had n-6:n-3 ratios 6.7 times the pooled wild samples, while wild eggs had higher levels of anhydrolutein, zeaxanthin, β-carotene, and total carotenoids. More magnesium, zinc, and manganese were observed in wild eggs compared with those produced in captivity. Flaxseed was added to the captive breeder diet in an attempt to lower egg n-6:n-3 ratios, along with additional carotenoids found in marigold extract. These dietary modifications successfully lowered the n-6:n-3 ratio by 46%, but this ratio was still 3.6 times higher in captive eggs, consistent with the grain-based formulation of the breeder diet. Carotenoid additions successfully raised total carotenoids, but increases were primarily for lutein and not zeaxanthin or β-carotene as intended. Variability in egg nutrient composition among the three wild populations suggests that some tolerance exists in maternal diets, but impacts to offspring fitness are unknown. Given the purported importance of maternal nutrition to fitness of embryos and neonate chicks, we suggest additional research is needed to quantify the influence of key nutrient levels on offspring fitness for both captive and wild populations.
Using Problem-Based Learning (PBL) to Teach Geographic Information Science
Authors: Peacock Heather 
Published: December 2018

Geographic Information Science (GIScience) is a field of study that investigates the development and use of theories, methods, technology, and data for understanding geographic processes, relationships, and patterns (Mark, 2003). Students in the discipline learn the conceptual and technical implementation of Geographic Information Systems (GIS; the analysis, storage, visualization, and management of geographic data). However, GIScience undergraduates often struggle to relate GIS theory to technical practice. In particular, students have difficulty mastering GIS tools and software and they are not well-equipped to determine the series of processes/tools required to complete geoprocessing tasks without prompts. GIScience courses commonly provide students with detailed step-by-step instructions on how to execute various GIS tools in order to solve example problems but students are eventually expected to perform the same or similar problem-solving tasks without detailed instructions.
This workshop focuses on how to teach the technical and problem-solving skills required in GIScience courses effectively by employing a problem-based learning (PBL) model. PBL is an active learning method that increases understanding and competency. The approach focuses on problem solving, self-directed learning, team participation and cooperation (Pawson et al., 2006). PBL encourages students to use critical thinking, engages their curiosity to solve real-world problems, and promotes inquiry and interest in the subject matter (Pawson et al., 2006). A PBL approach encourages students to collaboratively solve problems in GIScience by first identifying the general steps to solve the problem and then solve those problems by determining the tools needed to process the data to come to a solution (Melero, 2010). Incorporating PBL into GIScience courses enables students to solve a larger variety of problems, promotes stronger retention of skills and theory, and better prepares them for future professional opportunities and/or academic research.
INFLUENCE OF END-FUNCTIONALIZED SOLUTION STYRENE–BUTADIENE RUBBER ON SILICA-FILLED VULCANIZATES WITH VARIOUS SILICA–SILANE SYSTEMS
Authors: Ahn Byungkyu , Park Nam , Kim Donghyuk , Kim Wonho 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
We investigated how end-functionalized solution styrene–butadiene rubber (SSBR) affects the vulcanizate structures and the physical properties of silica-filled vulcanizates using non-functionalized and end-functionalized SSBRs with aminopropylalkoxysilane. Two silane agents were used. Triethoxy(octyl)silane was used as a covering agent, and bis-[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]disulfide was applied as a coupling agent. The effects of three different silica–silane systems with a covering agent (CV), a coupling agent (CP), or with no silane (NS) were analyzed. In the CV and NS systems, the cross-link densities induced by the polymer and curing system were similar with respect to the end-functionalization. Further, the cross-link densities induced by the silica–silane system were similar, regardless of the end-functionalization. However, the CP system exhibited similar cross-link densities, irrespective of functionalization. Both the coupling agent and end-functional group chemically bonded with the silanol groups of silica, thus competing with each other and affecting the vulcanizate structure. However, increasing the silica content decreased the effect of end-functionalization because the content of the coupling agent increased, and the end-functional group was less mobile than the coupling agent's alkoxy group.
Attitudes des intervenants en santé mentale envers l’euthanasie et le suicide assisté : une synthèse des connaissances scientifiques
Authors: Kaur12 Jaskiran , Marcoux Isabelle 
Published: December 2018

L’objectif de cette synthèse des connaissances est de donner un aperçu des études scientifiques publiées sur les attitudes des intervenants en santé mentale envers l’euthanasie et le suicide assisté. Une recherche a été menée dans les bases de données Medline, PsycInfo et Embase ; onze articles répondant aux critères d’inclusion ont été sélectionnés. Les résultats montrent que les intervenants en santé mentale ont généralement des attitudes positives envers l’euthanasie et le suicide assisté, avec des attitudes un peu plus favorables envers ce dernier que pour l’euthanasie. Plusieurs études ont montré une corrélation négative entre l’importance de la religion et leurs attitudes ainsi qu’avec l’expérience professionnelle. Le lien entre les attitudes et d’autres caractéristiques personnelles (par ex. : le genre, l’âge, le niveau d’éducation) n’est toutefois pas constant d’une étude à l’autre. Des enjeux particuliers sur le plan de la méthodologie doivent être considérés dans l’interprétation des résultats, dont des différences dans les définitions et la terminologie utilisée, ainsi que dans la formulation des questions. Le lien entre les expériences personnelles et les attitudes envers l’euthanasie ou le suicide assisté devrait faire l’objet de recherches futures.
Vulnérabilité suicidaire des contrevenants en centre de réadaptation : présentation d’un modèle explicatif
Authors: St-Pierre1 Laurie , Laurier Catherine 
Published: December 2018

Les jeunes contrevenants sont une population particulièrement à risque d’idéations suicidaires, de tentatives de suicide et de suicides complétés. Le modèleCry of Paina été conçu par Williams (2001) pour expliquer la trajectoire suicidaire auprès de la population générale. Le modèle interpersonnel du suicide de Joiner (2005) a, pour sa part, été conçu pour prédire les suicides complétés. Le premier propose que les idées et comportements suicidaires résultent d’un processus qui comprend trois composantes : un sentiment de défaite, la perception d’être pris au piège et le désespoir. Le second avance plutôt que le suicide résulte de l’addition de trois facteurs : un faible sentiment d’appartenance, un sentiment de lourdeur relationnelle et une aptitude au suicide. Une recension des écrits récents a été menée, puis les facteurs de risque personnels et institutionnels soulevés ont été utilisés pour vérifier lequel des deux modèles s’applique le mieux à la population d’intérêt. Il est proposé que la situation de mise sous garde en centre de réadaptation aurait le potentiel d’enclencher la trajectoire du modèleCry of Painchez le jeune contrevenant. Les implications pour l’intervention et la recherche sont discutées.
Analytical Solution of Safety Stock Determination in Case of Uncertain Unimodal Lead-Time Demand
Authors: Janssens Gerrit Karel , Verdonck Lotte , Ramaekers Katrien 
Published: December 2018

As companies state that a delivery service is important to their customers, an out-of-stock is considered harmful and therefore they keep safety stock in case of uncertain demand. For decision making on the level of safety stock a complete formulation of the distributional form of the demand during lead time is required. In practice, this information may not be available. In such a case, only partial information on the distribution might be available, such as the range, the mode, the mean or the variance. Given a value for a service performance measure, the decision maker, in this case, is not confronted with a single value for the safety stock but rather with an interval. The present research shows how upper and lower bounds of the safety stock are obtained in an analytical way, given a pre-specified service level using a service performance measure, called ‘expected number of units short’. The technique is also illustrated and compared within the framework of the research.
Becoming Fluent
Authors: Roberts Richard , Kreuz Roger 
Published: December 2018

How adult learners can draw upon skills and knowledge honed over a lifetime to master a foreign language.
Adults who want to learn a foreign language are often discouraged because they believe they cannot acquire a language as easily as children. Once they begin to learn a language, adults may be further discouraged when they find the methods used to teach children don't seem to work for them. What is an adult language learner to do? In this book, Richard Roberts and Roger Kreuz draw on insights from psychology and cognitive science to show that adults can master a foreign language if they bring to bear the skills and knowledge they have honed over a lifetime. Adults shouldn't try to learn as children do; they should learn like adults.
Roberts and Kreuz report evidence that adults can learn new languages even more easily than children. Children appear to have only two advantages over adults in learning a language: they acquire a native accent more easily, and they do not suffer from self-defeating anxiety about learning a language. Adults, on the other hand, have the greater advantages—gained from experience—of an understanding of their own mental processes and knowing how to use language to do things. Adults have an especially advantageous grasp of pragmatics, the social use of language, and Roberts and Kreuz show how to leverage this metalinguistic ability in learning a new language.
Learning a language takes effort. But if adult learners apply the tools acquired over a lifetime, it can be enjoyable and rewarding.
Machineries of Oil
Authors: Shafiee Katayoun 
Published: December 2018

The emergence of the international oil corporation as a political actor in the twentieth century, seen in BP's infrastructure and information arrangements in Iran.
In the early twentieth century, international oil corporations emerged as a new kind of political actor. The development of the world oil industry, argues Katayoun Shafiee, was one of the era's largest political projects of techno-economic development. In this book, Shafiee maps the machinery of oil operations in the Anglo-Iranian oil industry between 1901 and 1954, tracking the organizational work involved in moving oil through a variety of technical, legal, scientific, and administrative networks. She shows that, in a series of disagreements, the British-controlled Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC, which later became BP) relied on various forms of information management to transform political disputes into techno-economic calculation, guaranteeing the company complete control over profits, labor, and production regimes. She argues that the building of alliances and connections that constituted Anglo-Iranian oil's infrastructure reconfigured local politics of oil regions and examines how these arrangements in turn shaped the emergence of both nation-state and transnational oil corporation.
Drawing on her extensive archival and field research in Iran, Shafiee investigates the surprising ways in which nature, technology, and politics came together in battles over mineral rights; standardizing petroleum expertise; formulas for calculating profits, production rates, and labor; the “Persianization” of employees; nationalism and oil nationalization; and the long-distance machinery of an international corporation. Her account shows that the politics of oil cannot be understood in isolation from its technical dimensions.
The open access edition of this book was made possible by generous funding from Knowledge Unlatched.
Managing Uncertainty in Work Organizations
Authors: Grote Gudela 
Published: December 2018

AbstractManaging uncertainty is a crucial task for organizations. This essay argues that uncertainty management should not only be understood in terms of reducing externally generated uncertainty, as previous research has predominantly done, but should also consider internal uncertainty creation. Evidence from extant research illustrates how this expanded perspective is better able to capture the paradoxical tensions inherent in uncertainty management. A multilevel approach is proposed as processes of reducing and creating uncertainty simultaneously happen and create complementarities across levels of analysis. Major theoretical frameworks, such as self‐regulation, decision‐making under uncertainty, contingency theory, and organizational control, will benefit from adopting such an expanded perspective because their explanatory power is currently limited due to the one‐sided view of uncertainty as an external threat to individual, team, and organizational goal‐striving.
The Process of Racial Resegregation in Housing and Schools: The Sociology of Reputation
Authors: Wells Amy Stuart 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe United States has a long history of racial and ethnic segregation in housing patterns and public school enrollment as well as efforts to dismantle this segregation. This essay discusses what we have learned in the United States about how difficult it is to halt the patterns of housing and school segregation even as our nation becomes more diverse, racial attitudes are reportedly improving, and the twentieth century urban‐suburban racial distinctions disappear. To explain the process of resegregation that occurs repeatedly, the author developed a new interdisciplinary framework to foster a deeper understanding of how racialized perceptions of places or neighborhoods and the schools embedded within them perpetuates segregation despite changing demographics, attitudes and metro migrations across urban‐suburban lines. The sociology of reputation, the bias of crowds, and the choices of home buyers with the most capital amid the existing separate and unequal structures are the bodies of research the author draws upon to help us see familiar segregation patterns anew.
Polyoxometalate‐Derived Hexagonal Molybdenum Nitrides (MXenes) Supported by Boron, Nitrogen Codoped Carbon Nanotubes for Efficient Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution from Seawater
Authors: Miao Jun , Lang Zhongling , Zhang Xinyu , Kong Weiguang , Peng Ouwen , Yang Ye , Wang Shuangpeng , Cheng Jiaji , He Tingchao , Amini Abbas , Wu Qingyin , Zheng Zhiping , Tang Zikang , Cheng Chun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMXenes and doped carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have entered into research arenas for high‐rate energy storage and conversion. Herein, a method of postsynthesis of MXenes in boron, nitrogen codoped CNTs (BNCNTs) is reported with their electrocatalytical hydrogen evolution performance. The encapsulation of hexagonal molybdenum nitrate nanoparticles (h‐MoN NPs) into BNCNTs protects h‐MoN NPs from agglomeration and poisoning in the complex environment. In principle, the synergism of B and N dopants on the doped CNTs and confined h‐MoN NPs produces extremely active sites for electrochemical hydrogen evolution. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the active sites for hydrogen evolution originate from the synergistic effect of h‐MoN(001)/CN (graphitic N doping) and h‐MoN(001)/BNC. The h‐MoN@BNCNT electrocatalyst exhibits a small overpotential of 78 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and Tafel slope of 46 mV per decade, which are dramatically improved over all reported MoN‐based materials and doped CNTs. Additionally, it also exhibits outstanding electrochemical stability in environments with various pH values and seawater media from South China Sea.