bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observation of the First Spin Crossover in an Iron(II) Complex with an S6 Coordination Environment: Tris[bis(N,N‐diethylamino)carbeniumdithiocarboxylato]iron(II) Hexafluorophosphate
Authors: Sugaya Tomoaki , Fujihara Takashi , Naka Takashi , Furubayashi Takao , Matsushita Akiyuki , Isago Hiroaki , Nagasawa Akira 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFor the first time, the spin‐crossover (SCO) phenomenon has been observed in an FeII–S6 system in a tris(chelate)‐type iron(II) complex with a zwitterionic sulfur donor bidentate, bis(N,N‐diethylamino)carbeniumdithiocarboxylate (EtL), [FeII(EtL)3](PF6)2 (1), as synthesized by the reaction of a precursor complex [FeII(CH3CN)6](PF6)2 with EtL. In the solid state, the high‐spin (HS) d6 state at ambient temperature and the low‐spin (LS) d6 state at temperatures lower than approximately 240 K were evidenced by magnetic measurements with SQUID and Mössbauer spectra in the temperature range 4–290 K. X‐ray analyses of the crystals at various temperatures disclosed that the distorted trigonal prismatic coordination environments essentially do not change; however, contraction of Fe−S distances by approximately 10 % (0.22 Å), ordering of alkyl groups in EtL and PF6− counteranions, and formation of significant intermolecular S⋅⋅⋅S interactions between adjacent molecules (average distances of 3.59 Å) take place during the transition from the HS to the LS state. A large decrease in the volume of the formula unit (78.1 Å3) might be responsible for the large activation barrier, thereby resulting in a slow phase transition upon cooling.
Differences in molecular features of triple‐negative breast cancers based on the age at diagnosis
Authors: Gulbahce H. Evin , Bernard Philip S. , Weltzien Erin K. , Factor Rachel E. , Kushi Lawrence H. , Caan Bette J. , Sweeney Carol 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundAlthough the proportion of triple‐negative breast cancers (TNBCs) diagnosed among older women is low, the number of TNBC cases is substantial because of the high incidence of breast cancer after the age of 65 years. The molecular features of TNBC in this age group have not been well described.MethodsThis study examined a population‐based cohort of women with stage I to III TNBC diagnosed between the ages of 25 and 91 years with the PAM50 gene expression subtyping assay. The concordance between the TNBC classification by immunohistochemistry and the gene expression classification by PAM50, the expression of individual genes, and 5‐year recurrence and breast cancer mortality in older women (≥65 years old) and younger women (<50 years old) was assessed.ResultsThe molecular subtype distribution in TNBC was significantly different according to the age at diagnosis. TNBC was more likely to be classified as basal‐like in women younger than 50 years (sensitivity, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.77‐0.97) than women 65 years old or older (sensitivity, 0.72; 95% confidence interval, 0.48‐0.87); 35% of clinical TNBC cases in the latter group were the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–enriched subtype by molecular classification. Older women with TNBC also had significantly higher expression of ERBB2 and lower expression of all 10 proliferation‐associated genes tested (P < .01). The risk of breast cancer death within 5 years was significantly higher in women with TNBC in comparison with women with hormone receptor–positive cancers in all age groups.ConclusionsThis study revealed differences in molecular subtypes among clinical TNBC cases based on patient age. A potentially targetable HER2‐enriched group raises the possible need for intrinsic subtyping in older women with TNBC.
Organotypic Brain Slice Cultures
Authors: Humpel Christian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEx vivo cell culture models are of particular interest for neurobiologists, as these allow the study of brain cells in an isolated environment. Organotypic brain slice cultures allow growth of three‐dimensional brain tissue that conserves the cellular architecture. This unit describes the preparation and culturing of organotypic brain slices from mice. In three basic protocols, the general procedure, the specific preparation of chopper slices, and slicing of whole‐brain vibratome sections are described. Support protocols explain the use of postnatal or adult mice, the preparation of coronal or sagittal slices, the preparation of co‐cultures, post‐processing of slices, the use of extra filter membranes, and the re‐use of membrane inserts. This unit provides an easy‐to‐understand methodological introduction to brain slice cultures. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Liquid–Liquid Slug‐Flow‐Accelerated [2+2] Photocycloaddition of Cinnamates
Authors: Telmesani Reem , White Jada A. H. , Beeler Aaron B. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the Beeler Research Group in the Department of Chemistry at Boston University. The image depicts a metal halide lamp surrounded by a length of tubing. Inside the tubing is a rendition of a biphasic flow and a simplified depiction of simulated circulation patterns within the slugs. At the top right is a DFT‐optimized model of delta truxinate, highlighting the beauty of the molecules that this flow system can be used to synthesize. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/cptc.201800081.
Reaching toward underexplored targets in antibacterial drug design
Authors: Jukič Marko , Gobec Stanislav , Sova Matej 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe increase of antimicrobial resistance necessitates the renewal and strong research involvement in antibacterial drug design. In the following work, we comment on the key approaches used in development of new antibacterials, focusing on intracellular therapeutic targets that have been so far mostly underexplored: the enzymes of the Mur pathway MurA to MurF. We identify common obstacles observed during research on MurA, MurB, and Mur ligases inhibitors and their development into potential antibacterial compounds, and discern several approaches and solutions to tackle the whole‐cell activity of designed compounds. Furthermore, we consolidate recent literature reports and encourage the further research on Mur enzymes.
Adolescent morphine exposure increases nociceptive behaviors in rat model of formalin test
Authors: Ghasemi Elmira , Pachenari Narges , Semnanian Saeed , Azizi Hossein 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe number of adolescents who use illicit drugs has increased dramatically. Adolescence is a critical period for brain development and maturation. The importance of the study of pain perception and the possible mechanisms involved is crystal clear. Up until now, there has been no evidence regarding the long‐term effect of adolescence morphine administration on pain perception. The objective of the present study was to investigate long‐lasting effect of adolescent morphine exposure on pain perception as well as analgesic response to a single dose of morphine injection. Adolescent and adult rats received morphine or saline, and then after 30 days of washout period, formalin test was performed. To evaluate morphine analgesia, in a separate group of animals, formalin test was performed after injection of a single dose of morphine during adulthood. The results demonstrated that the adolescent rats treated by morphine exhibited higher pain‐related behaviors compared to the control group, while the same results were not observed in adult rats that had been treated by morphine. Moreover, there was no significant difference in analgesic response to a single dose of morphine between two experimental groups. This study demonstrates enduring effect of morphine exposure during adolescence on pain perception.
A novel approach to assessing the ecosystem‐wide impacts of reintroductions
Authors: Baker Christopher M. , Bode Michael , Dexter Nick , Lindenmayer David B. , Foster Claire , MacGregor Christopher , Plein Michaela , McDonald‐Madden Eve 
Published: October 2018

AbstractReintroducing a species to an ecosystem can have significant impacts on the recipient ecological community. Although reintroductions can have striking and positive outcomes, they also carry risks; many well‐intentioned conservation actions have had surprising and unsatisfactory outcomes. A range of network‐based mathematical methods has been developed to make quantitative predictions of how communities will respond to management interventions. These methods are based on the limited knowledge of which species interact with each other and in what way. However, expert knowledge isn't perfect and can only take models so far. Fortunately, other types of data, such as abundance time series, is often available, but, to date, no quantitative method exists to integrate these various data types into these models, allowing more precise ecosystem‐wide predictions. In this paper, we develop mathematical methods that combine time‐series data of multiple species with knowledge of species interactions and we apply it to proposed reintroductions at Booderee National Park in Australia. There have been large fluctuations in species abundances at Booderee National Park in recent history, following intense feral fox (Vulpes vulpes) control, including the local extinction of the greater glider (Petauroides volans). These fluctuations can provide information about the system isn't readily obtained from a stable system, and we use them to inform models that we then use to predict potential outcomes of eastern quoll (Dasyurus viverrinus) and long‐nosed potoroo (Potorous tridactylus) reintroductions. One of the key species of conservation concern in the park is the Eastern Bristlebird (Dasyornis brachypterus), and we find that long‐nosed potoroo introduction would have very little impact on the Eastern Bristlebird population, while the eastern quoll introduction increased the likelihood of Eastern Bristlebird decline, although that depends on the strength and form of any possible interaction.
Modeling habituation of introduced predators to unrewarding bird odors for conservation of ground‐nesting shorebirds
Authors: Latham M. Cecilia , Anderson Dean P. , Norbury Grant , Price Catherine J. , Banks Peter B. , Latham A. David M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractForaging mammalian predators face a myriad of odors from potential prey. To be efficient, they must focus on rewarding odors while ignoring consistently unrewarding ones. This may be exploited as a nonlethal conservation tool if predators can be deceived into ignoring odors of vulnerable secondary prey. To explore critical design components and assess the potential gains to prey survival of this technique, we created an individual‐based model that simulated the hunting behavior of three introduced mammalian predators on one of their secondary prey (a migratory shorebird) in the South Island of New Zealand. Within this model, we heuristically assessed the outcome of habituating the predators to human‐deployed unrewarding bird odors before the bird's arrival at their breeding grounds, i.e., the predators were “primed.” Using known home range sizes and probabilities of predators interacting with food lures, our model suggests that wide‐ranging predators should encounter a relatively large number of odor points (between 10 and 115) during 27 d of priming when odor is deployed within high‐resolution grids (100–150 m). Using this information, we then modeled the effect of different habituation curves (exponential and sigmoidal) on the probability of predators depredating shorebird nests. Our results show that important gains in nest survival can be achieved regardless of the shape of the habituation curve, but particularly if predators are fast olfactory learners (exponential curve), and even if some level of dishabituation occurs after prey become available. Predictions from our model can inform the amount and pattern in which olfactory stimuli need to be deployed in the field to optimize encounters by predators, and the relative gains that can be expected from reduced predation pressure on secondary prey under different scenarios of predator learning. Habituating predators to odors of threatened secondary prey may have particular efficacy as a conservation tool in areas where lethal predator control is not possible or ethical, or where even low predator densities can be detrimental to prey survival. Our approach is also relevant for determining interaction probabilities for devices other than odor points, such as bait stations and camera traps.
Development of the Pica, ARFID, and Rumination Disorder Interview, a multi‐informant, semi‐structured interview of feeding disorders across the lifespan: A pilot study for ages 10–22
Authors: Bryant‐Waugh Rachel , Micali Nadia , Cooke Lucy , Lawson Elizabeth A. , Eddy Kamryn T. , Thomas Jennifer J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveAvoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), pica, and rumination disorder (RD) were added to the revisedDSM‐5Feeding and Eating Disorders chapter in 2013. We developed a structured interview—the Pica, ARFID, and Rumination Disorder Interview (PARDI)—to assess the presence and severity of these diagnoses for evaluation and treatment planning in clinical and research settings. Here, we describe the development of the PARDI and provide a preliminary report on feasibility, acceptability, reliability, and validity in relation to ARFID.MethodWe created an initial item pool from existing measures of similar constructs and clinical experience. The PARDI includes items assessing the level of endorsement and overall severity of common ARFID features organized into profiles (i.e., sensory sensitivity, lack of interest in eating, and fear of aversive consequences) and algorithms for diagnosing ARFID, pica, and RD. We collected initial psychometric data from participants (10–22 years) with ARFID (n = 39), clinically significant avoidant/restrictive eating (n = 8), and healthy controls (n = 10).ResultsOn average, the PARDI took 39 min to complete and was acceptable to participants. All subscales achieved internal consistency greater ≥0.77, and inter‐rater reliability for the ARFID diagnosis was moderate (κ = 0.75). Individuals with ARFID scored significantly higher than healthy controls on ARFID severity and ARFID profiles.DiscussionThe PARDI appears acceptable to respondents and preliminary evidence of reliability and validity has been demonstrated in an initial sample. Larger‐scale validation studies are currently underway. The PARDI is freely available to clinicians and researchers.
Functional Redundancy in bird community decreases with riparian forest width reduction
Authors: Maure Lucas A. , Rodrigues Rodolpho C. , Alcântara Ângelo V. , Adorno Bruno F. C. B. , Santos Douglas L. , Abreu Eduardo L. , Tanaka Rafael M. , Gonçalves Rute M. , Hasui Erica 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRiparian ecosystems are suffering anthropogenic threats that reduce biodiversity and undermine ecosystem services. However, there is a great deal of uncertainty about the way species composition of assemblages is related to ecosystem function, especially in a landscape fragmentation context.Here, we assess the impact of habitat loss and disturbance on Functional Diversity (FD) components Functional Redundancy (FRed), Functional Evenness (FEve), and Functional Richness (FRic) of riparian forest bird assemblages to evaluate (a) howFDcomponents respond to riparian forest width reduction and vegetation disturbance; (b) the existence of thresholds within these relationships; (c) which of the main birds diet guild (frugivores, insectivores, and omnivores) respond to such thresholds. We predict thatFDcomponents will be affected negatively and nonlinearly by riparian changes. However, guilds could have different responses due to differences of species sensitivity to fragmentation and disturbance. We expect to find thresholds inFDresponses, because fragmentation and disturbance drive loss of specificFDcomponents.Our results show thatFRed andFEve were linearly affected by width and disturbance of riparian habitats, respectively.FRed was significantly lower in riparian forests assemblages below 400 m wide, andFEve was significantly higher above 60% disturbance. These responses ofFDwere also followed to the decline in insectivores and frugivores richness in riparian forests most affected by these changes.Consequently, our study suggests communities do not tolerate reduction in riparian forest width or disturbance intensification without negative impact onFD, and this becomes more critical for riparian area <400‐m wide or with more than 60% disturbance. This minimum riparian width required to maintainFRed is greater than the minimum width required for riparian forests by Brazilian law. Thus, it is important to consider mechanisms to expand riparian habitats and reduce the disturbance intensity in riparian forests so that riparian bird communityFDmay be effectively conserved.
Table for five, please: Dietary partitioning in boreal bats
Authors: Vesterinen Eero J. , Puisto Anna I. E. , Blomberg Anna S. , Lilley Thomas M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDifferences in diet can explain resource partitioning in apparently similar, sympatric species. Here, we analyzed 1,252 fecal droppings from five species (Eptesicus nilssonii, Myotis brandtii, M. daubentonii, M. mystacinus, and Plecotus auritus) to reveal their dietary niches using fecal DNA metabarcoding. We identified nearly 550 prey species in 13 arthropod orders. Two main orders (Diptera and Lepidoptera) formed the majority of the diet for all species, constituting roughly 80%–90% of the diet. All five species had different dietary assemblages. We also found significant differences in the size of prey species between the bat species. Our results on diet composition remain mostly unchanged when using either read counts as a proxy for quantitative diet or presence–absence data, indicating a strong biological pattern. We conclude that although bats share major components in their ecology (nocturnal life style, insectivory, and echolocation), species differ in feeding behavior, suggesting bats may have distinctive evolutionary strategies. Diet analysis helps illuminate life history traits of various species, adding to sparse ecological knowledge, which can be utilized in conservation planning.
Pronounced genetic differentiation in Fokienia hodginsii revealed by simple sequence repeat markers
Authors: Yin Qianyi , Chen Sufang , Guo Wei , Huang Yanshuang , Huang Yelin , Zhou Renchao , Fan Qiang , Liao Wenbo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFokienia hodginsii is a Tertiary relict conifer of the monotypic genus Fokienia (Cupressaceae s.l.). Currently, the species is distributed in southern China, northern Vietnam, and northern Laos and listed as a “near threatened” species by the IUCN. In this study, a total of 427 individuals of F. hodginsii were sampled from China and Vietnam to characterize its genetic diversity and population differentiation. Based on the profiles of 12 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, we observed a high level of genetic diversity in F. hodginsii at the species level (He =0.635), albeit slightly lower than that of its sister species Chamaecyparis obtusa. Signals of bottleneck events were detected in the populations GXDMS, GXHJ, V‐PXB, and V‐HB, probably due to Pleistocene glaciations or overexploitation in recent years. Pronounced genetic differentiation (Fst = 0.157) was found in this species. The inbreeding index (Fis = 0.176 ± 0.024) indicated that F. hodginsii has a mixed mating system. Significant correlation was found between the pairwise genetic differentiation and geographic distance (r = 0.882, p = 0.01), suggesting that genetic differentiation among the populations follows the model of isolation by distance (IBD). STRUCTURE analysis and principal coordinate analysis revealed that these populations were divided into four groups: the western China group located mainly in the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau, the central China group located mostly in the Luoxiao Mountains and Nanling Mountains, the eastern China group located in the Wuyi Mountains and the Vietnam group containing two populations in Vietnam. The different terrains and elevations of populations may be the most likely factors leading to the differentiation between the western China group and the central China group, while the geographic isolation caused by the lack of appropriate habitats may greatly contribute to the differentiation between the central China group and the eastern China group. Based on the results, some conservation suggestions for this species are provided, such as establishing seed orchards and multiple nature reserves.
Spatial distribution of life‐history traits and their response to environmental gradients across multiple marine taxa
Authors: Pecuchet Laurene , Reygondeau Gabriel , Cheung William W. L. , Licandro Priscilla , van Denderen P. Daniel , Payne Mark R. , Lindegren Martin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTrait‐based approaches enable comparison of community composition across multiple organism groups. Yet, little is known about the degree to which empirical trait responses found for one taxonomic group can be generalized across organisms. In this study, we investigated the spatial variability of marine community‐weighted mean traits and compared their environmental responses across multiple taxa and habitats, including pelagic zooplankton (copepods), demersal fish, and benthic infaunal invertebrates. We used extensive, spatially explicit datasets collected from scientific surveys in the North Sea and examined community composition of these groups using a trait‐based approach. In order to cover the key biological characteristics of an organism, we considered three life‐history traits (adult size, offspring size, and fecundity) and taxon‐specific feeding traits. While many of the traits co‐varied in space and notably demonstrated a south–north gradient, none of the traits showed a consistent spatial distribution across all groups. However, traits are often correlated as a result of trade‐offs. When studying spatial patterns of multiple traits variability in fish and copepods, we showed a high spatial correlation. This also applied to a lesser extent to fish and benthic infauna, whereas no correlation was found between benthic infauna and copepods. The result suggested a decoupling in the community traits between strictly benthic and strictly pelagic species. The strongest drivers of spatial variability for many community traits are the gradients in temperature seasonality, primary productivity, fishing effort, and depth. Spatial variability in benthic traits also co‐varied with descriptors of the seabed habitat. Overall, results showed that trait responses to environmental gradients cannot be generalized across organism groups, pointing toward potential complex responses of multi‐taxa communities to environmental changes and highlighting the need for cross‐habitat multi‐trait analyses to foresee how environmental change will affect community structure and biodiversity at large.