bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the complexities of mild stroke: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of the mild stroke experience
Authors: Hodson Tenelle , Gustafsson Louise , Cornwell Petrea 
Published: October 2019

IntroductionLimited research has been conducted from a longitudinal and qualitative perspective on the experience of life after mild stroke. This restricts the knowledge held in this area. This study aimed to answer the question: How do people with mild stroke understand their experiences in the first 6 months after hospital discharge?MethodsInterpretative Phenomenological Analysis, involving five Australians with mild stroke, interviewed at 1‐, 3‐ and 6 months post‐hospital discharge.ResultsTwo themes emerged about the transitional journeys post‐mild stroke: (i) Understanding and representation of stroke and (ii) Underlying relationship dynamics revealed. The first theme had two subthemes: (i) Society defines the stroke experience, and (ii) The past determines the present. The first of these reflected the impact that societal perceptions of ‘stroke’ had on participants’ views of their mild stroke, including feelings of being ‘lucky’ even when experiencing hidden difficulties that were viewed as liveable repercussions. The second explores how previous health conditions acted as a mediator for participants’ experiences of the mild stroke and how personal attributes assisted adaption to post‐mild stroke changes. The final theme highlights how participants’ relationships were either strengthened or weakened after the mild stroke, dependent on previous relationship dynamics.ConclusionCurrent societal perceptions of stroke are centred on ‘observable’ symptoms; however, more subtle symptoms common in the mild stroke population remain widely unknown by the general public impacting post‐mild stroke experiences. Previous health conditions and personal attributes have an impact on how people react to their mild stroke and help to explain the individualist nature of mild stroke outcomes. Relationship dynamics prior to mild stroke can impact on post‐mild stroke family functioning, and should be screened for, and supported by health professionals. All of these factors emphasise the need for a patient‐centred and multidisciplinary approach when determining interventions.
Testing the habitat suitability index for great crested newt in Central Poland
Authors: Bełcik Michał , Klimaszewski Krzysztof , Pełnia‐Iwanicka Ewa , Zajchowska Justyna 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAs amphibians decline at alarming rates worldwide, there is a growing need for developing and perfecting tools for predicting species occurrence, abundance and demography. One of those tools are Habitat Suitability Indices (HSI) that are widely used in conservation for habitat evaluation. We have used HSI developed for great crested newt Triturus cristatus to assess its predictive capability, and to determine which of the indices that make the final HSI are the most important factors in shaping this species presence in waterbodies in forest landscape of Central Poland. Our focus was at the local scale variables. We found that the occurrence of T. cristatus could be predicted by the HSI, and the three most important factors in shaping that prediction were the pond area as well as the presence and abundance of invertebrates or predatory fish. We argue that biotic factors could have, along landscape features, significant influence on habitat suitability of this species.
Bacillus licheniformis escapes from Myxococcus xanthus predation by deactivating myxovirescin A through enzymatic glucosylation
Authors: Wang Chuandong , Liu Xinlin , Zhang Peng , Wang Yan , Li Zhifeng , Li Xun , Wang Renqing , Shang Zhaohui , Yan Jingen , He Haifeng , Wang Jing , Hu Wei , Li Yuezhong 
Published: October 2019

SummaryMyxococcus xanthus kills susceptible bacteria using myxovirescin A (TA) during predation. However, whether prey cells in nature can escape M. xanthus by developing resistance to TA is unknown. We observed that many field‐isolated Bacillus licheniformis strains could survive encounters with M. xanthus, which was correlated to their TA resistance. A TA glycoside was identified in the broth of predation‐resistant B. licheniformis J32 co‐cultured with M. xanthus, and a glycosyltransferase gene (yjiC) was up‐regulated in J32 after the addition of TA. Hetero‐expressed YjiC‐modified TA to a TA glucoside (TA‐Gluc) by conjugating a glucose moiety to the C‐21 hydroxyl group, and the resulting compound was identical to the TA glycoside present in the co‐culture broth. TA‐Gluc exhibited diminished bactericidal activity due to its weaker binding with LspA, as suggested by in silico docking data. Heterologous expression of the yjiC gene conferred both TA and M. xanthus‐predation resistance to the host Escherichia coli cells. Furthermore, under predatory pressure, B. licheniformis Y071 rapidly developed predation resistance by acquiring TA resistance through the overexpression of yjiC and lspA genes. These results suggest that M. xanthus predation resistance in B. licheniformis is due to the TA deactivation by glucosylation, which is induced in a predator‐mediated manner.
Adult size and timing of reproduction in five species ofAsobaraparasitoid wasps
Authors: Askari Seyahooei Majeed , Kraaijeveld Ken , Bagheri Abdoolnabi , van Alphen Jacques J. M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe majority of adult parasitoid wasps are unable to synthesize lipids and therefore face a trade‐off between the investment of lipids in eggs or in the maintenance of soma. It has been shown that resource allocation should depend on body size in parasitoids. Given that smaller females have shorter expected life times, they should concentrate their reproductive effort into early life. To test this prediction, we investigated the relationship between body size and the timing of egg production in parasitoids. We measured body size, lipid reserves, and reproductive investment (number of eggs, ovigeny index equivalent [OIE] and egg size) at eclosion in five species ofAsobara(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) originating from different geographic and climatic environments. Our results show significant interspecific variation in all these traits. A diagnostic test for phylogenetic independence revealed that closely related species did not resemble each other more closely than expected by chance for all traits measured. Lipid reserves scaled positively with body size both between and within species. In agreement with theory, OI correlated negatively with body size both between and within species. Total egg area at eclosion correlated negatively with lipid reserves both between and within species. This indicates the existence of a trade‐off between allocation of lipids to current reproduction and survival/future reproduction. With the exception of the most extreme pro‐ovigenic species,A. persimilis, we found that pro‐ovigeny was compensated for by small egg size. Our results indicate the role of habitats in shaping interspecific variation in resource allocation strategies.
Effect of the Incorporation of Amaranth (Amaranthus Mantegazzianus) into Fat‐ and Cholesterol‐Rich Diets for Wistar Rats
Authors: Sisti Martín S. , Scilingo Adriana , Añón María Cristina 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe hypocholesterolemic effect of amaranth was studied in male Wistar rats fed a high‐fat diet that was supplemented with amaranth flour, AF, or isolated protein, AI. Likewise, an in vitro test was carried out, in which the capacity of the AI, AF, the digested isolate, DAI, and the digested amaranth flour, DAF, to displace the cholesterol of the model micelles was evaluated. The in vivo results showed an increase in the excretion of cholesterol through feces (77% for AF7; 23% and 108% for AI30 and AF30, respect control) and a decrease in the content of hepatic cholesterol (98% for AF7; 96% and 53% for AI30 and AF30 respect control); whereas in vitro it was shown that both AF and DAF have greater power to displace cholesterol than the AI and DAI (IC50 0.1, 0.71, 0.2, and 2.1 for AF, DAF, AI, and DAI, respectively). These evidences show that the proteins and fibers of amaranth have an effect on cholesterol metabolism.Practical ApplicationNowadays, consumers give great importance to the effect that food has on health. The results shown in this work evidence the potential hypocholesterolemic activity presented by amaranth, this is of great importance due to the increase in the incidence of dyslipidemia in the world population and the importance of amaranth as a nonextensive crop of excellent agronomic, nutritional, and bioactive properties suitable for preparation of functional foods.
Alpha‐Casein and Beta‐Lactoglobulin from Cow Milk Exhibit Antioxidant Activity: A Plausible Link to Antiaging Effects
Authors: Kim Yong‐Eun , Kim Jae Whan , Cheon Seonghye , Nam Myoung Soo , Kim Kee K. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractStudies on the discovery and function of antioxidants are consistently being performed because oxidative stress can cause various diseases. Many compounds and natural products have antioxidant activity in vitro; however, it is often difficult to reproduce their effects in vivo. Additionally, methods to measure antioxidant activities in cells are also scarce. Here, we investigated the antioxidant activity of milk proteins by observing the formation of arsenite‐induced stress granules as a tool to evaluate antioxidant activity in cells. Milk proteins not only decreased the formation of stress granules in several cell types but also scavenged 2,2'‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical cations in vitro. In addition, milk proteins inhibited cellular senescence based on an SA‐β‐galactosidase assay, and increased differentiation to myotubes from myoblasts isolated from the skeletal muscles of mouse pups. Taken together, our results demonstrate that milk proteins have an antiaging effect, especially prevention of skeletal muscle loss, through their antioxidant activities.Practical ApplicationOur results provide that antioxidant effects of milk proteins containing α‐caseins, β‐caseins, and β‐lactoglobulin can mitigate aging‐related damage induced by oxidative stress through showing inhibition of cellular senescence and increase of differentiation and maturation of myoblast. Therefore, we suggest that milk proteins could be potent health supplements to prevent aging‐associated diseases, especially sarcopenia.
Chromosome‐level genome assembly of the predator Propylea japonica to understand its tolerance to insecticides and high temperatures
Authors: Zhang Lijuan , Li Song , Luo Junyu , Du Pei , Wu Linke , Li Yarong , Zhu Xiangzhen , Wang Li , Zhang Shuai , Cui Jinjie 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe ladybird beetle Propylea japonica is an important natural enemy in agro‐ecological systems. Studies on the strong tolerance of P. japonica to high temperatures and insecticides, and its population and phenotype diversity have recently increased. However, abundant genome resources for obtaining insights into stress‐resistance mechanisms and genetic intra‐species diversity for P. japonica are lacking. Here, we constructed the P. japonica genome maps using Pacific Bioscience (PacBio) and Illumina sequencing technologies. The genome size was 850.90 Mb with a contig N50 of 813.13 kb. The Hi‐C sequence data were used to upgrade draft genome assemblies; 4,777 contigs were assembled to 10 chromosomes; and the final draft genome assembly was 803.93 Mb with a contig N50 of 813.98 kb and a scaffold N50 of 100.34 Mb. Approximately 495.38 Mb of repeated sequences was annotated. The 18,018 protein‐coding genes were predicted, of which 95.78% were functionally annotated, and 1,407 genes were species‐specific. The phylogenetic analysis showed that P. japonica diverged from the ancestor of Anoplophora glabripennis and Tribolium castaneum ~ 236.21 million years ago. We detected that some important gene families involved in detoxification of pesticides and tolerance to heat stress were expanded in P. japonica, especially cytochrome P450 and Hsp70 genes. Overall, the high‐quality draft genome sequence of P. japonica will provide invaluable resource for understanding the molecular mechanisms of stress resistance and will facilitate the research on population genetics, evolution and phylogeny of Coccinellidae. This genome will also provide new avenues for conserving the diversity of predator insects.
Impact of the introduction and withdrawal of financial incentives on the delivery of alcohol screening and brief advice in English primary health care: an interrupted time–series analysis
Authors: O'Donnell Amy , Angus Colin , Hanratty Barbara , Hamilton Fiona L. , Petersen Irene , Kaner Eileen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate the impact of the introduction and withdrawal of financial incentives on alcohol screening and brief advice delivery in English primary care.DesignInterrupted time–series using data from The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database. Data were split into three periods: (1) before the introduction of financial incentives (1 January 2006–31 March 2008); (2) during the implementation of financial incentives (1 April 2008–31 March 2015); and (3) after the withdrawal of financial incentives (1 April 2015–31 December 2016). Segmented regression models were fitted, with slope and step change coefficients at both intervention points.SettingEngland.ParticipantsNewly registered patients (16+) in 500 primary care practices for 2006–16 (n = 4 278 723).MeasurementsThe outcome measures were percentage of patients each month who: (1) were screened for alcohol use; (2) screened positive for higher‐risk drinking; and (3) were reported as having received brief advice on alcohol consumption.FindingsThere was no significant change in the percentage of newly registered patients who were screened for alcohol use when financial incentives were introduced. However, the percentage fell (P < 0.001) immediately when incentives were withdrawn, and fell by a further 2.96 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.21–3.70] patients per 1000 each month thereafter. After the introduction of incentives, there was an immediate increase of 9.05 (95% CI = 3.87–14.23) per 1000 patients screening positive for higher‐risk drinking, but no significant further change over time. Withdrawal of financial incentives was associated with an immediate fall in screen‐positive rates of 29.96 (95% CI = 19.56–40.35) per 1000 patients, followed by a rise each month thereafter of 2.14 (95% CI = 1.51–2.77) per 1000. Screen‐positive patients recorded as receiving alcohol brief advice increased by 20.15 (95% CI = 12.30–28.00) per 1000 following the introduction of financial incentives, and continued to increase by 0.39 (95% CI = 0.26–0.53) per 1000 monthly until withdrawal. At this point, delivery of brief advice fell by 18.33 (95% CI = 11.97–24.69) per 1000 patients and continued to fall by a further 0.70 (95% CI = 0.28–1.12) per 1000 per month.ConclusionsRemoving a financial incentive for alcohol prevention in English primary care was associated with an immediate and sustained reduction in the rate of screening for alcohol use and brief advice provision. This contrasts with no, or limited, increase in screening and brief advice delivery rates following the introduction of the scheme.
Money and Blood: Remittances as a Substance of Relatedness in Transnational Families in Nepal
Authors: Zharkevich Ina 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTDrawing on research with transnational families in Nepal, this article explores how kinship is reconstituted through transnational mobility and what role material flows play in sustaining and disrupting kinship ties, rethinking remittances as a substance of relatedness. In a situation of unprecedented international mobility in Nepal, money has become a substance through which kinship is produced across time and space, resulting in a profound reconfiguration of the institution of the family, with long‐distance marriages and nuclear families increasingly becoming the norm. Transnational families in Nepal maintain cohesiveness on condition that there is a flow of remittances, pointing toward the role of money in constituting affective relations, delineating the boundaries of transnational families, and reproducing kinship ties across borders. Rather than arguing that money is “thicker than blood,” the article shows that the flow of money illuminates how thick “blood” is: the extent to which affective kinship ties map onto formal kinship structures in the world of today. [transnational families, substance of relatedness, remittances, money, Nepal]
The burden of and factors associated with misclassification of intrapartum stillbirth: Evidence from a large scale multicentric observational study
Authors: KC Ashish , Berkelhamer Sara , Gurung Rejina , Hong Zhou , Wang Haijun , Sunny Avinash K. , Bhattarai Pratiksha , Poudel Pragya G. , Litorp Helena 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionGlobal estimates suggest 2.6 million stillbirths and 2.5 million neonatal deaths occur annually worldwide. The majority of these deaths occur in low resource settings where analysis of health metrics and outcomes measurements may be challenging. We examined the misclassification of documented intrapartum stillbirth and factors associated with misclassification.Material and methodsA prospective observational study was performed in 12 public hospitals in Nepal. Data were extracted from the medical records of all births that occurred during the 6‐month period of the study. For the study purpose, we classified birth outcome based on the presence of fetal heart sound (FHS) at admission and use of neonatal resuscitation. The health worker‐documented intrapartum stillbirths were considered potentially misclassified when there were FHS present at admission and no resuscitation initiated after birth. The association between potentially misclassified intrapartum stillbirth and complications during labor, birthweight and gestational age was assessed using Pearson’s chi‐square test, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression.ResultsA total of 39 562 mother‐infant dyads were enrolled in the study, all of whom had FHS at admission. Among the 391 intrapartum stillbirths recorded during the study, 180 (46.0%) of them had FHS at admission with no resuscitation initiated after birth and were considered potentially misclassified intrapartum stillbirths. Among these potentially misclassified intrapartum stillbirths, 170 (43.5%) had FHS present 15 minutes before birth and 10 had no FHS 15 minutes before birth Among the potentially misclassified intrapartum stillbirths, 23.3% had complications during labor, 93.3% had birthweight less than 2500 g and 90.0% were born preterm. The risk of intrapartum misclassification was nearly four times higher among low birthweight babies (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.8 to 7.0, P < 0.001) and five times higher among preterm babies (aOR 5.3, 95% CI 3.0 to 9.3, P < 0.001).ConclusionsWe estimate that 46% of intrapartum stillbirths were potentially misclassified intrapartum stillbirths. Improving quality of both FHS monitoring and neonatal resuscitation as well as measurement of the care will reduce the risk of potentially misclassified intrapartum stillbirth and consequently intrapartum stillbirth.
Mechanisms of Panax ginseng action as an antidepressant
Authors: Jin Yang , Cui Ranji , Zhao Lihong , Fan Jie , Li Bingjin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesPanax ginseng, a well‐known traditional Chinese medicine with multiple pharmacological activities, plays a crucial role in modulating mood disorders. Several recent studies have identified an underlying role of Panax ginseng in the prevention and treatment of depression. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms remain unclear.Materials and MethodsIn this review, we summarized the recent progress of antidepressant effects and underlying mechanisms of Panax ginseng and its representative herbal formulae.ResultsThe molecular and cellular mechanisms of Panax ginseng and its herbal formulae include modulating monoamine neurotransmitter system, upregulating the expression of neurotrophic factors, regulating the function of HPA axis, and anti‐inflammatory action.ConclusionsTherefore, this review may provide theoretical bases and clinical applications for the treatment of depression by Panax ginseng and its representative herbal formulae.
Studying the Relationships Between the Number of APs, AP Performance, and College Outcomes
Authors: Beard Jonathan J. , Hsu Julian , Ewing Maureen , Godfrey Kelly E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHigh school students enroll in Advanced Placement (AP) courses and take AP exams for a variety of reasons. However, a lack of information about the extent to which there are incremental benefits associated with taking multiple AP exams has fostered a perception that students must take many APs to be prepared for college. Conversely, many American students graduate from high school without even one AP, raising questions about whether such experiences should have been more strongly encouraged. Our article investigates the incremental gains in college student outcomes that are associated with taking and performing well on numerous AP exams. Using postsecondary transcript records, we examine the relationships between college outcomes (first‐year grades and bachelor's degree attainment) and AP (number of AP exams taken and number of AP exams with passing scores of 3 or higher). After controlling for achievement, demographic characteristics, and other factors, we find that the biggest predicted boost in first‐year grades and on‐time bachelor's degree attainment are associated with AP participation changing from zero to one AP exam and from one to two AP exams. Taking and performing well on more than four to six AP exams does not markedly alter predicted first‐year college grades and on‐time bachelor's degree attainment rates.
Accounting facilitating sociopolitical aims: The case of Maryland hospitals
Authors: Malmmose Margit , Fouladi Negin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn 2014, the State of Maryland in the United States implemented a substantial change to their hospital payment approach in the form of “Global Budgets”. This strategy for financing garnered significant attention because acute care hospitals in the state transitioned from a fee‐for‐service hospital payment system to a prospective frame‐based budget. Applying the conceptual framework of Miller and Power [Academy of Management Annals, 7(1), 557–605], we emphasise how calculative practices actively influence organisational structure decision‐making. The study investigates the reciprocal role of accounting practices in the facilitation of hospital policies. Findings demonstrate that accounting practices recursively constitute and reshape the organisation of hospitals. The policy change to Global Budgets has influenced accounting practices, which likewise have promoted large organisational changes that increase engagement with external stakeholders. The consequences of the Global Budget policy have been significant, leading to highly complex administrative practices while also necessitating a cost shifting in order to subsidise physician costs, due to the separation of hospitals and physician organisations. However, we also witness how Global Budgets and the combination of centralised monitoring with decentralised managerial freedom substantiate remarkable holistic quality initiatives.