bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Living with breathlessness: a systematic literature review and qualitative synthesis
Authors: Hutchinson Ann , Barclay-Klingle Natalie , Galvin Kathleen , Johnson Miriam J. 
Published: February 2018

What is the experience of people living with breathlessness due to medical conditions, those caring for them and those treating them, with regard to quality of life and the nature of clinical interactions?Electronic databases (Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL Plus and PsycINFO) were searched (January 1987 to October 2017; English language), for qualitative studies exploring the experience of chronic breathlessness (patients, carers and clinicians). Two independent reviewers screened titles, abstracts and papers retrieved against inclusion criteria. Disagreements were resolved with a third reviewer. Primary qualitative data were extracted and synthesised using thematic synthesis.Inclusion and synthesis of 101 out of 2303 international papers produced four descriptive themes: 1) widespread effects of breathlessness; 2) coping; 3) help-seeking behaviour; and 4) clinicians’ responsiveness to the symptom of breathlessness. The themes were combined to form the concept of “breathing space”, to show how engaged coping and appropriate help-seeking (patient) and attention to symptom (clinician) helps maximise the patient's quality of living with breathlessness.Breathlessness has widespread impact on both patient and carer and affects breathing space. The degree of breathing space is influenced by interaction between the patient's coping style, their help-seeking behaviour and their clinician's responsiveness to breathlessness itself, in addition to managing the underlying disease.
Effectiveness versus efficacy trials in COPD: how study design influences outcomes and applicability
Authors: Woodcock Ashley , Boucot Isabelle , Leather David A. , Crawford Jodie , Collier Susan , Bakerly Nawar Diar , Hilton Emma , Vestbo Jørgen 
Published: February 2018

Guidelines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) management are based largely on results from double-blind randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of efficacy. These trials have high internal validity and test whether a drug is efficacious, but they are conducted in highly selected populations that may differ significantly from patients with COPD seen in routine practice.We compared the baseline characteristics, healthcare use and outcomes between the Salford Lung Study (SLS), an open-label effectiveness RCT, with six recent large-scale efficacy RCTs. We also calculated the proportion of SLS patients who would have been eligible for inclusion in an efficacy RCT by applying the inclusion criteria used in efficacy trials of combination treatments.SLS patients were older, included more females and more current smokers, had more comorbidities (including asthma), and had more often experienced exacerbations prior to inclusion. In the SLS, rates of moderate or severe exacerbations, incidence of overall serious adverse events (SAEs), and SAEs of pneumonia were more frequent. A maximum of 30% of patients enrolled in the SLS would have been eligible for a phase IIIa regulatory exacerbation study.Patients in large COPD efficacy RCTs have limited representativeness compared with an effectiveness trial. This should be considered when interpreting efficacy RCT outcomes and their inclusion into guidelines.
Primary ciliary dyskinesia with normal ultrastructure: three-dimensional tomography detects absence of DNAH11
Authors: Shoemark Amelia , Burgoyne Thomas , Kwan Robert , Dixon Mellisa , Patel Mitali P. , Rogers Andrew V. , Onoufriadis Alexandros , Scully Juliet , Daudvohra Farheen , Cullup Thomas , Loebinger Michael R. , Wilson Robert , Chung Eddie M.K. , Bush Andrew , Mitchison Hannah M. , Hogg Claire 
Published: February 2018

In primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), motile ciliary dysfunction arises from ciliary defects usually confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In 30% of patients, such as those withDNAH11mutations, apparently normal ultrastructure makes diagnosis difficult. Genetic analysis supports diagnosis, but may not identify definitive causal variants. Electron tomography, an extension of TEM, produces three-dimensional ultrastructural ciliary models with superior resolution to TEM. Our hypothesis is that tomography using existing patient samples will enable visualisation ofDNAH11-associated ultrastructural defects. Dual axis tomograms from araldite-embedded nasal cilia were collected in 13 PCD patients with normal ultrastructure (DNAH11n=7,HYDINn=2,CCDC65n=3 andDRC1n=1) and six healthy controls, then analysed using IMOD and Chimera software.DNAH11 protein is localised to the proximal ciliary region. Within this region, electron tomography indicated a deficiency of >25% of proximal outer dynein arm volume in all patients withDNAH11mutations (n=7) compared to other patients with PCD and normal ultrastructure (n=6) and healthy controls (n=6).DNAH11mutations cause a shared abnormality in ciliary ultrastructure previously undetectable by TEM. Advantageously, electron tomography can be used on existing diagnostic samples and establishes a structural abnormality where ultrastructural studies were previously normal.
The incidence of tuberculosis among adolescents and young adults: a global estimate
Authors: Snow Kathryn J. , Sismanidis Charalambos , Denholm Justin , Sawyer Susan M. , Graham Stephen M. 
Published: February 2018

Historical data show that the risk of tuberculosis increases dramatically during adolescence, and young people face unique challenges in terms of case detection and effective treatment. However, little is known about the burden of tuberculosis among young people in the modern era. This study aimed to provide the first estimates of the global and regional incidence of tuberculosis among young people aged 10–24 years.Using the World Health Organization (WHO) database of tuberculosis notifications for 2012, we estimated the burden of tuberculosis among young people by WHO region. Adjustments were made for incomplete age disaggregation and underreporting, using supplementary data from several countries representing diverse tuberculosis epidemics.We estimate that 1.78 million (uncertainty interval (UI) 1.23–3.00 million) young people developed tuberculosis in 2012, accounting for 17% of all new tuberculosis cases globally. Young people in the WHO South East Asian Region (721 000, UI 473 000–1.35 million) and the WHO African Region (534 000, UI 359 000–912 000) experienced the greatest number of tuberculosis episodes.Young people suffer a considerable burden of tuberculosis. Age-specific burden of disease estimation for this age group is complicated by incomplete age disaggregation of tuberculosis data, highlighting the importance of continued surveillance system strengthening.
Pedagogic register analysis: mapping choices in teaching and learning
Authors: Rose David 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis paper offers a method for analysing pedagogic practice of all kinds that is detailed, exhaustive and appliable to designing effective teaching practice. The analysis builds on research into the structuring of pedagogic discourse by applying systemic functional (SF) research methods to the contextual stratum of register. Each meaningful element of pedagogic practice is presented as an option in systems that are selected by teachers and learners as lessons unfold. These are semiotic systems at the level of register, including options for pedagogic activities, negotiated in pedagogic relations between teachers and learners, and presented through pedagogic modalities of speaking, writing, viewing and gesture.
Acute Serum Cartilage Biomarker Response after Walking and Drop Landing
Authors: HARKEY MATTHEW S. , BLACKBURN J. TROY , HACKNEY ANTHONY C. , LEWEK MICHAEL D. , SCHMITZ RANDY J. , PIETROSIMONE BRIAN 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Introduction
An in-depth understanding of the healthy cartilage response to activities of daily living is needed to better understand the complex relationship between cartilage health and loading. The purpose was to assess the role of loading on the acute serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) response in recreationally active individuals.

Methods
Forty individuals without previous lower extremity injury participated in this repeated-measures study in which each participant completed all conditions during independent data collection sessions separated by at least 1 wk. An antecubital blood draw was performed before and after walking, drop-landing, and control (i.e., sitting) conditions. Commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays measured COMP concentration. The acute COMP response was quantified as the percent change of COMP concentration from before to after each condition. A one-way, repeated-measures ANOVA compared the acute COMP response between conditions. Post hoc Pearson product–moment correlation and chi-square analysis determined the relationship between the walking and drop-landing acute COMP response within individuals.

Results
Acute COMP response was greater after walking (+4.2, P = 0.008) and drop landing (+4.6%, P = 0.002) compared with control (−2.3%), but did not differ between the walking and drop-landing conditions (P = 0.596). The magnitudes of the acute COMP response during walking and drop landing were correlated (r = 0.56, P < 0.001). However, the direction (i.e., either increase or decrease) of COMP was not the same after the walking and drop-landing conditions (χ1 = 0.870, P = 0.351).

Conclusions
Walking and drop landing produced a greater acute COMP response when compared with a control condition in healthy individuals, but the acute COMP response was similar between the two physical activity conditions, although the conditions differed in magnitude and frequency of loading.
Κοινωνική επιχειρηματικότητα και σωφρονιστική. Προτεινόμενο μοντέλο εργασιακής επανένταξης έγκλειστων και αποφυλακισμένων στην Ελλάδα
Authors: Τσιλίκης Χρήστος , Γάκου Ελένη Μαρία 
Published: February 2018

Το παρόν άρθρο αφορά στη διερεύνηση των δυνατοτήτων ανάπτυξης Κοινωνικών Επιχειρήσεων εντός και εκτός σωφρονιστικών καταστημάτων στην Ελλάδα από έγκλειστους και πρώην έγκλειστους αντίστοιχα. Αρχικά γίνεται μια ιστορική αναδρομή στο δικαίωμα για εργασία για τα άτομα που διαβιούν σε καταστήματα κράτησης ενώ ακολουθεί κριτική αποτίμηση του ισχύοντος θεσμικού πλαισίου στη χώρα σε σχέση με τις ευκαιρίες απασχόλησης που αυτό προσφέρει. Αποτιμώνται οι προοπτικές ανάπτυξης Κοινωνικών Επιχειρήσεων τόσο εντός όσο και εκτός των καταστημάτων κράτησης ενώ προτείνεται ένα μοντέλο συνεργασίας ανάμεσα σε φορείς του Τρίτου, Ιδιωτικού και Δημόσιου Τομέα. Αναπτύσσονται οι λόγοι για τους οποίους οι Κοινωνικές Επιχειρήσεις και γενικότερα οι φορείς του Τρίτου Τομέα δύνανται να δραστηριοποιηθούν επιτυχώς στο πεδίο της κοινωνικής και εργασιακής ένταξης ή επανένταξης έγκλειστων ή αποφυλακισμένων ενώ παρατίθενται παραδείγματα συμπράξεων από το εξωτερικό. Θεμελιώνεται η επιχειρηματολογία υπέρ της αναγκαιότητας των συμπράξεων τόσο σε όρους οικονομίας όσο και απόδοσης καθώς επίσης υπογραμμίζεται η ανάγκη για ανάπτυξη προγραμμάτων των οποίων η αποτελεσματικότητα θα αποτιμάται βάσει ανάπτυξης δεικτών. Με γνώμονα τα παραπάνω καλά παραδείγματα αναπτύσσεται ένα πρότυπο μοντέλο σύμπραξης μεταξύ Τρίτου, Ιδιωτικού και Δημοσίου Τομέα το οποίο δομείται και αναλύεται στα επιμέρους χαρακτηριστικά του στην πρόταση μας και αφορά την εφαρμογή πιλοτικού προγράμματος στις αγροτικές φυλακές της χώρας.
The Liverpool Care Pathway for the Dying Patient: a critical analysis of its rise, demise and legacy in England
Authors: Seymour Jane , Clark David 
Published: February 2018

Background: The Liverpool Care Pathway for the Dying Patient (‘the LCP’) was an integrated care pathway (ICP) recommended by successive governments in England and Wales to improve end-of-life care, using insights from hospice and palliative care. It was discontinued in 2014 following mounting criticism and a national review. The ensuing debate among clinicians polarised between ‘blaming’ of the LCP and regret at its removal. Employing the concept of ‘boundary objects’, we aimed to address three questions: 1) why and how did the LCP come to prominence as a vehicle of policy and practice 2) what factors contributed to its demise? 3) what immediate implications and lessons resulted from its withdrawal? Methods: We use primary and secondary sources in the public domain to assemble a critical and historical review. Results: The rapidity of transfer and translation of the LCP reflected uncritical enthusiasm for ICPs in the early 2000s. The subsequent LCP ‘scandal’ demonstrated the power of social media in creating knowledge, as well as conflicting perceptions about end-of-life interventions. While the LCP had some weaknesses in its formulation and implementation, it became the bearer of responsibility for all aspects of NHS end-of-life care. This was beyond its original remit. It exposed fault lines in the NHS, provided a platform for debates about the ‘evidence’ required to underpin innovations in palliative care and became a conduit of discord about ‘good’ or ‘bad’ practice in care of the dying. It also fostered a previously unseen critique of assumptions within palliative care. Conclusions: In contrast to most observers of the LCP story who refer to the dangers of scaling up clinical interventions without an evidence base, we call for greater assessment of the wider risks and more careful consideration of the unintended consequences that might result from the roll out of new end-of-life interventions.
ТРАДИЦИОНАЛИЗМ И ФУНДАМЕНТАЛИЗМ В РЕЛИГИИ
Authors: Simonov Igor Valentinovich 
Published: February 2018

Цель. Статья посвящена сравнению традиционалистского и фундаменталистского течения в современных религиях. Актуальность исследования обусловлена общепризнанной социальной угрозой религиозного фундаментализма в современном мире.
Методология проведения работы. Основу исследования образуют феноменологический и компаративистский методы.
Результаты. В статье проанализированы отличия религиозного фундаментализма от религиозного традиционализма в связи со смешением и некорректным употреблением данных терминов как в науке, так и в публицистике. Ключевое отличие между традиционализмом и фундаментализмом состоит в различном отношении к собственному социально-богословскому наследию. Существуют религиозные направления, в которых фундаментализм как таковой невозможен вследствие их доктринальных особенностей.
Community music on campus: Collaborative research, activist methods and critical pedagogy in a fandango-based participatory music programme
Authors: Daria James 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The relationship between community music and higher education is both potentially problematic and productive. This article relates the history of a unique community music programme on a university campus based in the Mexican traditional folk music of son jarocho and its participatory performance of fandango. In this project, collaborative research, activist methodologies and critical pedagogy were employed to link under-represented students, community members and exponents of traditional music in a transnational and reciprocal framework. Through an analysis of the challenges community music programmes on campus present to academic music schools and the strengths and weaknesses of the fandango-based programme, this article argues for the productive power of such relationships if their inherent inequalities can be overcome.
Constructing the fannish place: Ritual and sacred space in a Sherlock fan pilgrimage
Authors: Toy J. Caroline 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The majority of studies of pilgrimage focus on sites and journeys marked as religious or spiritual by their histories or so designated by their participants, with only a small proportion of the literature addressing pilgrimage and the so-called secular. Yet in the case of fan pilgrimage – travels by fans to places associated with a text, celebrity or creative production – arguably the opposite problem occurs. Considerations of fan pilgrimage often ignore the religious connotations of the term in favour of a stricter separation between spiritual and secular. Understandings of fan pilgrimage places as mere points of convergence between fiction and reality or opportunities for fans to negotiate that separation miss the depth of the fan pilgrim’s experience of and creative contributions to fannish spaces. This article corrects that imbalance by approaching fan pilgrimage places as sacred spaces, constructed, ritualized and experienced in much the same way traditionally religious spaces are. The author argues that fan pilgrimage sites concentrate and bring into focus the multiple geographies of fans’ relationships to texts and celebrate – even sanctify – their entanglement. Like some shrines, they are materializations of interpretive paradigms. This article uses the case of the Sherlock pilgrimage place at St Bartholomew’s Hospital in London to demonstrate the complexity of the sacred landscape at a fan pilgrimage site and the agency of fans in constructing it.
From <mrsniall-horan-until-the-end> to <keepingupwith1d>: Online usernames and identity in the One Direction fandom
Authors: Donlan Lisa 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This article categorizes 500 usernames employed by members of the One Direction fandom on microblogging platform Tumblr in order to better understand the self-naming strategies used by fandom members to construct their online identities. The five categories of usernames identified include monikers referring to a particular member of the band, names related to ‘shipping’ (imagined romantic relationships between band members) and names related to the labour undertaken by fans on behalf of the fandom. The findings indicate that, in contrast to the popular conception of fandoms as homogeneous groups, fans are in fact employing their usernames in order to (1) emphasize their individuality within the online community; (2) highlight how their engagement with the band differs from that of their fellow fandom members; and (3) promote the labour that they undertake on behalf of the fandom.
An Evaluation of Supramaximally Loaded Eccentric Leg Press Exercise
Authors: Harden Mellissa , Wolf Alex , Russell Mark , Hicks Kirsty M. , French Duncan , Howatson Glyn 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Harden, M, Wolf, A, Russell, M, Hicks, KM, French, D, and Howatson, G. An evaluation of supramaximally loaded eccentric leg press exercise. J Strength Cond Res 32(10): 2708–2714, 2018—High-intensity eccentric exercise is a potent stimulus for neuromuscular adaptation. A greater understanding of the mechanical stimuli afforded by this exercise will aid the prescription of future eccentric training regimens. This study sought to investigate the mechanical characteristics of supramaximally loaded eccentric exercise when using a custom-built leg press machine. Using a within-subject, repeated-measures design, 15 strength trained subjects (age, 31 ± 7 years; height, 180.0 ± 6.8 cm; body mass, 81.5 ± 13.9 kg) were assessed under 3 different conditions: low (LO), moderate (MOD), and high (HI) intensity, which were equivalent in intensity to 110, 130, and 150%, respectively, of peak force during an isometric maximal voluntary contraction (IMVC) performed on leg press at 90° knee flexion. All loading conditions demonstrated a similar pattern of mechanical profile; however, the variables underpinning each profile showed significant (p < 0.01) load-dependent response (LO vs. MOD, MOD vs. HI, LO vs. HI) for all variables, except for average acceleration. Average force associated with each loading conditions exceeded IMVC but equated to a lower intensity than what was prescribed. Repetitions under higher relative load intensity stimulated greater average force output, faster descent velocity, greater magnitude of acceleration, shorter time under tension, and a decline in force output at the end range of motion. This research provides new data regarding the fundamental mechanical characteristics underpinning supramaximally loaded eccentric leg press exercise. The information gathered in the study provides a foundation for practitioners to consider when devising loading strategies and implementing or evaluating supramaximally loaded eccentric exercise when using a similar exercise and device.
Resistance Training Is Associated With Higher Bone Mineral Density Among Young Adult Male Distance Runners Independent of Physiological Factors
Authors: Duplanty Anthony A. , Levitt Danielle E. , Hill David W. , McFarlin Brian K. , DiMarco Nancy M. , Vingren Jakob L. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDuplanty, AA, Levitt, DE, Hill, DW, McFarlin, BK, DiMarco, NM, and Vingren, JL. Resistance training is associated with higher bone mineral density among young adult male distance runners independent of physiological factors.J Strength Cond Res32(6): 1594–1600, 2018—Low bone mineral density (BMD) in male distance runners is common and could be modulated by a host of biomarkers involved in the dynamic balance of bone tissue. In contrast, resistance training can increase BMD; however, the efficacy of resistance training in protecting BMD in distance runners has not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between resistance training, testosterone and bone metabolism biomarker concentrations, and BMD in young adult male distance runners. Twenty-five apparently healthy men (23–32 years; mean ±SD: 25.9 ± 2.9 years; 1.77 ± 0.04 m; 75.4 ± 8.5 kg) were categorized into 1 of 3 groups: untrained control participants (CON;n= 8); nonresistance-trained runners (NRT;n= 8); or resistance-trained runners (RT;n= 9). Blood was collected and analyzed for concentrations of free and total testosterone and 14 bone metabolism biomarkers. Bone mineral density was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. At all measured sites, BMD was greater (p≤ 0.05) for RT compared with NRT and CON. Vitamin D concentration was greater (p≤ 0.05) in RT and NRT compared with CON. Concentrations of testosterone and remaining bone biomarkers did not differ between groups (p> 0.05). Resistance-trained runners had greater BMD than nonresistance-trained runners and untrained peers. This difference did not seem to be modulated by biomarkers that contribute to bone formation or resorption, indicating that differences in BMD are associated with habitual load-bearing exercise using external resistance. Runners should perform resistance exercise at least once per week because this is associated with greater BMD.
An Experimental Study of the Performance of Two-Component Backfilling Grout Used behind the Segmental Lining of a Tunnel-Boring Machine
Authors: Sharghi Mohammad , Chakeri Hamid , Afshin Hassan , Ozcelik Yilmaz 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
How to fill the empty annular space behind the segmental lining of tunnels is considered one of the most important questions in mechanized excavation, of which the main aim is to minimize settlement on the earth surface. In addition, the grout is the agent that creates a suitable bed for the segment lining of the tunnel and helps with its tightening. There are different methods of filling the empty space. One of them, using excavation by Earth Pressure Balance-Tunnel Boring Machine (EPB-TBM), is the injection of two-component grout at suitable pressure to the back of the segment as the shield of the excavator moves ahead. The grout utilized has suitable mechanical characteristics and efficiency. The main properties of grout refer to bleeding, fluidity and the results of the Marsh funnel test (ability to pump grout), setting time, gelling time (to avoid grout washing out) and compressive strength of grout (to minimize settlement on the earth level). The present study attempts to review the effect of any constituent materials of two-component grout on the parameters. Consequently, different tests with various constituent materials on the properties of grout were conducted.