bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dose‐dependent impact of proton pump inhibitors on the clinical course of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
Authors: Tergast Tammo L. , Wranke Anika , Laser Hans , Gerbel Svetlana , Manns Michael. P. , Cornberg Markus , Maasoumy Benjamin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackground & AimsSpontaneous bacterial peritonitis is a severe complication in patients with cirrhosis leading to acute kidney injury, hepatic encephalopathy and a high mortality. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of proton pump inhibitors and the potential relevance of the taken dosage on the incidence and clinical course of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.MethodsOverall, 613 consecutive patients with decompensated cirrhosis were included. All patients were carefully evaluated for proton pump inhibitors intake including the applied dosage and were further followed up for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis development as well as for the incidence of clinical complications like hepatic encephalopathy, acute kidney injury and mortality.ResultsCumulative spontaneous bacterial peritonitis incidence did neither differ between the proton pump inhibitors and the no‐proton pump inhibitors group nor between those taking the high (>40 mg/d) and the low (10‐40 mg/d) proton pump inhibitors’ dose. However, proton pump inhibitors’ intake was associated with an impaired clinical course of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis reflected by a higher likelihood for acute kidney injury (71% vs 43%; P = .002), severe hepatic encephalopathy (15% vs 0%; P = .04) and an increased mortality (24% vs 0%; P = .008) within 28 days after spontaneous bacterial peritonitis diagnosis. In particular, patients with proton pump inhibitors dosages >40 mg/d had an increased short‐term risk for acute kidney injury (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.86; P = .009) and mortality (adjusted hazard ratio: 2.05; P = .02). In contrast, there was no effect of proton pump inhibitors on acute kidney injury, hepatic encephalopathy and mortality in patients without spontaneous bacterial peritonitis irrespective of the applied proton pump inhibitors dosage.ConclusionsHigh dosages of proton pump inhibitors are associated with an adverse outcome in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Thus, indication for high‐dosage proton pump inhibitors therapy should be evaluated carefully in these patients.
Stable baselines of temporal turnover underlie high beta diversity in tropical arthropod communities
Authors: D'Souza Michelle L. , Hebert Paul D. N. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWhile the high species diversity of tropical arthropod communities has often been linked to marked spatial heterogeneity, their temporal dynamics have received little attention. This study addresses this gap by examining spatio‐temporal variation in the arthropod communities of a tropical montane forest in Honduras. By employing DNA barcode analysis and Malaise trap sampling across 4 years and five sites, 51,596 specimens were assigned to 8,193 presumptive species. High beta diversity was linked more strongly to elevation than geographic distance, decreasing by 12% when only the dominant species were considered. When sampling effort was increased by deploying more traps at a site, beta diversity only decreased by 2%, but extending sampling across years decreased beta diversity by 27%. Species inconsistently detected among years, likely transients from other settings, drove the low similarity in species composition among traps only a few metres apart. The dominant, temporally persistent species substantially influenced the cyclic pattern of change in community composition among years. This pattern likely results from divergence–convergence dynamics, suggesting a stable baseline of temporal turnover in each community. The overall results establish that large sample sizes are necessary to reveal species richness, but are not essential for quantifying beta diversity. This study further highlights the need for standardized methods of sampling and species identification to generate the comparative data required to evaluate biodiversity change in space and time.
The Divine Wisdom and the Divine Economy
Authors: Nimmo Paul T. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article offers an initial exposition of the divine perfection of wisdom, and proceeds by way of attention to and development of the apostolic witness to Jesus Christ found in Scripture. The first section offers a concise reflection on method, and outlines a path of inquiry that affords primary attention to the apostolic proclamation of Jesus Christ. The second section outlines the contours of an account of the divine wisdom derived in this way. From this perspective, light is shed on the relationship between the divine wisdom and the divine acts of creation and providence. The final section briefly considers the implications of pursuing this trajectory into theology proper, that is, its possible implications for the doctrine of God.
Rhizosphere pseudomonads as probiotics improving plant health
Authors: Kim Young Cheol , Anderson Anne J. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryMany root‐colonizing microbes are multifaceted in traits that improve plant health. Although isolates designated as biological control agents directly reduce pathogen growth, many exert additional beneficial features that parallel changes induced in animal and other hosts by health‐promoting microbes termed probiotics. Both animal and plant probiotics cause direct antagonism of pathogens and induce systemic immunity in the host to pathogens and other stresses. They also alter host development and improve host nutrition. The probiotic root‐colonizing pseudomonads are generalists in terms of plant hosts, soil habitats and the array of stress responses that are ameliorated in the plant. This article illustrates how the probiotic pseudomonads, nurtured by the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) sources released by the plant in root exudates, form protective biofilms on the root surface and produce the metabolites or enzymes to boost plant health. The findings reveal the multifunctional nature of many of the microbial metabolites in the plant–probiotic interplay. The beneficial effects of probiotics on plant function can contribute to sustainable yield and quality in agricultural production.
Cell wall properties in Oryza sativa influence mesophyll CO2 conductance
Authors: Ellsworth Patrícia V. , Ellsworth Patrick Z. , Koteyeva Nuria K. , Cousins Asaph B. 
Published: April 2018

Summary

Diffusion of CO2 from the leaf intercellular air space to the site of carboxylation (gm) is a potential trait for increasing net rates of CO2 assimilation (Anet), photosynthetic efficiency, and crop productivity. Leaf anatomy plays a key role in this process; however, there are few investigations into how cell wall properties impact gm and Anet.

Online carbon isotope discrimination was used to determine gm and Anet in Oryza sativa wild‐type (WT) plants and mutants with disruptions in cell wall mixed‐linkage glucan (MLG) production (CslF6 knockouts) under high‐ and low‐light growth conditions. Cell wall thickness (Tcw), surface area of chloroplast exposed to intercellular air spaces (Sc), leaf dry mass per area (LMA), effective porosity, and other leaf anatomical traits were also analyzed.

The gm of CslF6 mutants decreased by 83% relative to the WT, with c. 28% of the reduction in gm explained by Sc. Although Anet/LMA and Anet/Chl partially explained differences in Anet between genotypes, the change in cell wall properties influenced the diffusivity and availability of CO2.

The data presented here indicate that the loss of MLG in CslF6 plants had an impact on gm and demonstrate the importance of cell wall effective porosity and liquid path length on gm.
A novel splicing mutation of ectodysplasin A gene responsible for hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia
Authors: Liu G , Wang X , Qin M , Sun L , Zhu J 
Published: April 2018

Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is characterized by hypohidrosis, hypodontia, sparse hair, and characteristic facial features. This condition is caused by an ectodysplasin A (EDA) gene mutation. In this study, we examined two HED pedigrees and investigated the molecular genetics of the defect. Direct sequencing analysis revealed a previously unidentified mutation in the EDA splice donor site (c.526 + 1G>A). The function of the mutant EDA gene was predicted through online investigations and subsequently confirmed by splicing analysis in vitro. The mutation resulted in the production of a truncated EDA‐A1 protein caused by complete omission of exon 3. This novel functional skipping–splicing EDA mutation was considered to be the cause of HED in the two pedigrees reported here. Our findings, combined with those reported elsewhere, provide an improved understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of HED as well as important information for a genetic diagnosis.
Transpiration directly regulates the emissions of water‐soluble short‐chained OVOCs
Authors: Rissanen K. , Hölttä T. , Bäck J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMost plant‐based emissions of volatile organic compounds are considered mainly temperature dependent. However, certain oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) have high water solubility; thus, also stomatal conductance could regulate their emissions from shoots. Due to their water solubility and sources in stem and roots, it has also been suggested that their emissions could be affected by transport in the xylem sap. Yet further understanding on the role of transport has been lacking until present. We used shoot‐scale long‐term dynamic flux data from Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris) to analyse the effects of transpiration and transport in xylem sap flow on emissions of 3 water‐soluble OVOCs: methanol, acetone, and acetaldehyde. We found a direct effect of transpiration on the shoot emissions of the 3 OVOCs. The emissions were best explained by a regression model that combined linear transpiration and exponential temperature effects. In addition, a structural equation model indicated that stomatal conductance affects emissions mainly indirectly, by regulating transpiration. A part of the temperature's effect is also indirect. The tight coupling of shoot emissions to transpiration clearly evidences that these OVOCs are transported in the xylem sap from their sources in roots and stem to leaves and to ambient air.
Genetic dissection of photosynthetic efficiency traits for enhancing seed yield in chickpea
Authors: Basu Udita , Bajaj Deepak , Sharma Akash , Malik Naveen , Daware Anurag , Narnoliya Laxmi , Thakro Virevol , Upadhyaya Hari D. , Kumar Rajendra , Tripathi Shailesh , Bharadwaj Chellapilla , Tyagi Akhilesh K. , Parida Swarup K. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the genetic basis of photosynthetic efficiency (PE) contributing to enhanced seed yield per plant (SYP) is vital for genomics‐assisted crop improvement of chickpea. The current study employed an integrated genomic strategy involving photosynthesis pathway gene‐based association mapping, genome‐wide association study, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, and expression profiling. This identified 16 potential single nucleotide polymorphism loci linked to major QTLs underlying 16 candidate genes significantly associated with PE and SYP traits in chickpea. The allelic variants were tightly linked to positively interacting QTLs regulating both enhanced PE and SYP traits as exemplified by a chlorophyll A‐B binding protein‐coding gene. The leaf tissue‐specific pronounced up‐regulated expression of 16 associated genes in germplasm accessions and homozygous individuals of mapping population was evident. Such combinatorial genomic strategy coupled with gene haplotype‐specific association and in silico protein–protein interaction study delineated natural alleles and superior haplotypes from a chlorophyll A‐B binding (CAB) protein‐coding gene and its interacting gene, Timing of CAB Expression 1 (TOC1), which appear to be most promising candidates in modulating chickpea PE and SYP traits. These functionally pertinent molecular signatures identified have efficacy to drive marker‐assisted selection for developing PE‐enriched cultivars with high seed yield in chickpea.
Hospital‐based care utilization of children with medical complexity in Japan
Authors: Yamaoka Yui , Tamiya Nanako , Watanabe Akimitsu , Miyazono Yayoi , Tanaka Ryuta , Matsuzawa Akemi , Sumazaki Ryo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have investigated the hospital‐based care utilization of children with medical complexity (CMC) in Japan. This study examined the frequency and differences in hospital‐based care utilization for CMC according to the level of medical complexity (moderate and severe).MethodsMedical records of three pediatric tertiary hospitals in one prefecture were examined in 2014. We examined the number of outpatient visits and of admissions to the hospital for CMC in the 5 years after the introduction of home medical care.ResultsOf 92 CMC, 55 had medical complexity that was moderate (CMC‐moderate) and 37 had medical complexity that was severe (CMC‐severe). The number of CMC who had medical care introduced at home had increased year by year, especially that of CMC <2 years old; the number of older CMC (i.e. 7–17 years old) had also increased in 2010–2014. The median total outpatient visits was 20 (IQR, 13–29 visits) for CMC‐moderate and 20 (IQR, 17–26 visits) for CMC‐severe in the first year. CMC‐severe had significantly longer length of admissions in the 5 years than CMC‐moderate. The number of total visits and admissions during the subsequent 4 years (from the second to the fifth year) was slightly decreased compared with the first year, but this was not significantly different.ConclusionsCMC had high utilization of hospital‐based care, and consistently utilized hospital‐based care in the 5 years after the introduction of home medical care. Further study is needed to examine both hospital‐based and home/community‐based services use.
Chronic neutrophilic leukemia, an extremely rare cause of neutrophilia in childhood: Cure with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Uygun Vedat , Daloğlu Hayriye , Öztürkmen Seda , Karasu Gülsün , Avcı Zekai , Yeşilipek Akif 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCNL is a rare myeloproliferative disorder frequently seen in older adults. A significant proportion of patients show progression to AML. Here, we report the case of a patient with FA who was monitored for leukopenia but who developed leukocytosis during the follow‐up and was diagnosed with CNL probably after an acquired CSF3R mutation. Because the patient had FA, which could accelerate the progression to AML, an HSCT was performed, which resulted in cure. This patient (aged 12 years) is one of the youngest patients reported to develop CNL as well as the first FA patient with a diagnosis of CNL.
Verbal working memory‐related neural network communication in schizophrenia
Authors: Kustermann Thomas , Popov Tzvetan , Miller Gregory A. , Rockstroh Brigitte 
Published: April 2018

AbstractImpaired working memory (WM) in schizophrenia is associated with reduced hemodynamic and electromagnetic activity and altered network connectivity within and between memory‐associated neural networks. The present study sought to determine whether schizophrenia involves disruption of a frontal‐parietal network normally supporting WM and/or involvement of another brain network. Nineteen schizophrenia patients (SZ) and 19 healthy comparison subjects (HC) participated in a cued visual‐verbal Sternberg task while dense‐array EEG was recorded. A pair of item arrays each consisting of 2–4 consonants was presented bilaterally for 200 ms with a prior cue signaling the hemifield of the task‐relevant WM set. A central probe letter 2,000 ms later prompted a choice reaction time decision about match/mismatch with the target WM set. Group and WM load effects on time domain and time‐frequency domain 11–15 Hz alpha power were assessed for the cue‐to‐probe time window, and posterior 11–15 Hz alpha power and frontal 4–8 Hz theta power were assessed during the retention period. Directional connectivity was estimated via Granger causality, evaluating group differences in communication. SZ showed slower responding, lower accuracy, smaller overall time‐domain alpha power increase, and less load‐dependent alpha power increase. Midline frontal theta power increases did not vary by group or load. Network communication in SZ was characterized by temporal‐to‐posterior information flow, in contrast to bidirectional temporal‐posterior communication in HC. Results indicate aberrant WM network activity supporting WM in SZ that might facilitate normal load‐dependent and only marginally less accurate task performance, despite generally slower responding.
Does peritoneal dialysis have a role in urgent‐start end‐stage kidney disease?
Authors: McQuillan Rory F. , Lok Charmaine E. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDespite its many positive attributes, peritoneal dialysis remains underutilized, particularly in the United States. Urgent‐start peritoneal dialysis (PD) has been proposed as a method of increasing PD prevalence. Urgent‐start PD has been shown to be safe, feasible, and effective. However, urgent‐start PD is also accompanied by several multidimensional challenges. This article is intended to equip the reader with a practical sense of whether an urgent‐start PD program would be appropriate in his or her own clinical context and if appropriate, what factors would be necessary for such a program to flourish. As such, we summarize latent factors, which are necessary to consider before instituting an urgent‐start PD. Then, using a series of clinical vignettes, highlight the component parts of a successful urgent‐start PD program and the patient population who stand to benefit most from this strategy. The discussion is then balanced by presenting limitations to consider in the urgent‐start PD approach.
Suicide Ideation in Female Survivors of Military Sexual Trauma: The Trauma Source Matters
Authors: Blais Rebecca K. , Monteith Lindsey L. 
Published: April 2018

Female veterans who have experienced military sexual trauma (MST) are at elevated suicide risk, yet knowledge is limited regarding correlates of suicide ideation (SI) in this population. MST is associated with a higher risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) relative to other trauma types; however, no studies have examined whether experiencing SI differs based on the source of PTSD symptoms (MST‐related, non–MST‐related). Female service members/veterans (SM/Vs; n = 311) who screened positive for MST and reported exposure to a Criterion A event completed an online survey assessing self‐reported demographics, PTSD, depression, the source of their PTSD symptoms, and SI. Ninety‐one (29.3%) reported experiencing current SI, and 223 (71.7%) identified MST as the source of their current PTSD symptoms. Participants who identified MST as the source of their PTSD symptoms were over two times more likely to report SI, compared to those who described non–MST‐related events as the source of their PTSD symptoms. Compared to those who reported the source of their PTSD symptoms as combat‐/deployment‐related, those who identified MST as the source were at least three times as likely to report current SI. Results underscore the importance of efforts to address MST‐related PTSD symptoms when working with female SM/Vs.
Risks of restrictive red blood cell transfusion strategies in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD): a meta‐analysis
Authors: Cortés‐Puch I. , Wiley B. M. , Sun J. , Klein H. G. , Welsh J. , Danner R. L. , Eichacker P. Q. , Natanson C. 
Published: April 2018

SUMMARYAimTo evaluate the risks of restrictive red blood cell transfusion strategies (haemoglobin 7–8 g dL−1) in patients with and without known cardiovascular disease (CVD).BackgroundRecent guidelines recommend restrictive strategies for CVD patients hospitalised for non‐CVD indications, patients without known CVD and patients hospitalised for CVD corrective procedures.Methods/MaterialsDatabase searches were conducted through December 2017 for randomised clinical trials that enrolled patients with and without known CVD, hospitalised either for CVD‐corrective procedures or non‐cardiac indications, comparing effects of liberal with restrictive strategies on major adverse coronary events (MACE) and death.ResultsIn CVD patients not undergoing cardiac interventions, a liberal strategy decreased (P = 0·01) the relative risk (95% CI) (RR) of MACE [0·50 (0·29–0·86)] (I2 = 0%). Among patients without known CVD, the incidence of MACE was lower (1·7 vs 3·9%), and the effect of a liberal strategy on MACE [0·79, (0·39–1·58)] was smaller and non‐significant but not different from CVD patients (P = 0·30). Combining all CVD and non‐CVD patients, a liberal strategy decreased MACE [0·59, (0·39–0·91); P = 0·02]. Conversely, among studies reporting mortality, a liberal strategy decreased mortality in CVD patients (11·7% vs·13·3%) but increased mortality (19·2% vs 18·0%) in patients without known CVD [interaction P = 0·05; ratio of RR 0·73, (0·53–1·00)]. A liberal strategy also did not benefit patients undergoing cardiac surgery; data were insufficient for percutaneous cardiac procedures.ConclusionsIn patients hospitalised for non‐cardiac indications, liberal transfusion strategies are associated with a decreased risk of MACE in both those with and without known CVD. However, this only provides a survival benefit to CVD patients not admitted for CVD‐corrective procedures.
Extreme prematurity and perinatal management
Authors: David Anna L , Soe Aung 
Published: April 2018

Key content

Perinatal management of pregnant women delivering at the threshold of viability has medical and ethical considerations. It should be preceded by the best advice from a multidisciplinary neonatal and obstetric team to fully inform parents and achieve a consensus on the optimal care for the mother and neonate.

Obstetric interventions can affect maternal and neonatal outcomes after birth at the threshold of viability. These include administration of steroids, magnesium sulphate and tocolysis, fetal monitoring in labour and mode of delivery.

Obstetric complications such as malpresentation are common and can affect delivery choices at extreme preterm gestational ages. This requires obstetricians to plan carefully with parents before labour starts.

Learning objectives

To understand how obstetric decisions and interventions can affect maternal and neonatal outcomes when women are at risk of delivery at extreme premature gestational ages.

To enable trainee obstetricians to better counsel women and their partners about possible complications before and during labour at extreme preterm gestations.

Ethical issues

Should we monitor the fetal heart during labour, deliver by caesarean section and resuscitate a baby born at extreme prematurity when short‐term and long‐term neonatal outcomes are likely to be poor?