bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The service sector: migration, technology and productivity
Authors: Jha Sunanda , Bag Dinabandhu 
Published: September 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the characteristics of the workers in the informal economy and explore the reasons for workers migrating from rural to urban area. The authors also explore and enumerate various reasons why the migrants choose to work informally and study whether internal migrants treat this sector as temporary or transitory before moving to the formal sector. The authors reconnoitre the issues in coverage of factors in unregistered service, this research is carried out at a smaller scale of operations of the service enterprises having a minimum of three (or more) employees, which poses significant issues in the enumeration. This work further emphasises on the reasons why people migrate and choose the informal sector (IS) and to estimate the contribution of technology towards productivity of this sector.Design/methodology/approachBuilding on empirical data collected through interviews with the migrants, who are now part of the informal service enterprises of Delhi and peripheral areas, this paper presents the results of a survey conducted in 2017. This research is based on appropriate scale driven by the instrument of choice by the sampling of units. Data were collected by conducting field survey using structured questionnaire. By performing the estimation at the unit rather than the industry level, the authors reduce difficulties of mis-measured output and inputs, thus, potentially obtaining a more accurate estimate of technologies contributions towards the firm productivity.FindingsThe small service enterprises are making poorer value addition towards measured productivity due to the factors such as lack of equipment or technical know-how. The authors find that marginalisation thesis holds true only partially and the rest are in this sector by choice, considering it as an opportunity. Maximum number of entrants had been attracted by opportunities in this sector itself; actual and potential mobility from the informality towards formalisation is quite low; education is one of the important determinants for entrepreneurs shifting from informality towards formalisation.Research limitations/implicationsThe research is limited only to informal service enterprises located in Delhi, the national capital of India and the peripheral areas.Practical implicationsBy identifying the factors, proper policy measures can be designed which will be in a focused direction to reduce the size of the IS and to improve the working condition of the migrants who are part of this sector. The estimation is at the unit level using primary data.Originality/valueThe estimation is at the unit level using primary data, the research contributes to the literature on informal service sector, and this sector needs more intensive large-scale studies in order to design policies which can result in betterment of the society as a whole, benefiting the segment that needs immediate attention from government and society as well.
Mediating role of government initiatives and media influence between perceived risks and destination image: a study of conflict zone
Authors: Parrey Shakir Hussain , Hakim Iqbal Ahmad , Rather Raouf Ahmad 
Published: September 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to enlarge the current understanding of destination image in view of identified sources of risk and to investigate the mediating role of government initiatives and media influence for sustainable and secure tourism in a conflict zone. Therefore, this study develops and empirically tests an integrative model of destination image that reflects a comprehensive view of the relationships among these variables.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses data collected through a self-administered survey of respondents selected through probability area sampling from the targeted sample of domestic tourists in hospitality contexts (four- and five-star hotels). The data were analysed using structural equation modelling. The scale was developed and purified through factor analysis (confirmatory factor analysis).FindingsThe results provide evidence that psychological risk and socio-cultural risk emerged as the major sources of risk followed by unrest (terrorist) and political risk which is against the predetermined notion that unrest (terrorist) risk is the major source of risk perceived by domestic tourists visiting a conflict zone. Further, the study identified that media is having comparatively higher role in influencing the perception about the sources of risk than the government initiatives in decreasing the sources of risk towards destination image and its competitiveness. Thus, the study supports the fact that for the destination image in conflict zone, performing best in the domain of control (government initiatives) yields very weak performance in the domain of concern (media).Originality/valueThis research contributes theoretically and empirically to the discussions on the components of the destination image in the conflict zone. Further, the study is inert in evaluating mediational role of media influence and government initiatives in the relationship between perceived risks and destination image.
Sustainability analysis of the management of Lake Baru in Buluh Cina Village, Indonesia
Authors: Manda Putra Ridwan , Muhammad Tang Usman , Ikhwan Siregar Yusni , Thamrin Thamrin 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper on the level of sustainability of the oxbow lake is to determine the sustainability status, leverage of attributes and driving factors in the management of the oxbow lake in Buluh Cina Village in Kampar, Riau, Indonesia.

Design/methodology/approach
The types of data collected include primary data and secondary data. The data were collected using the methods of surveys, library research, laboratory analysis and interviews. The analysis methods employed in this research were the multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis and the prospect analysis. The sustainability analysis was undertaken using the approach of the MDS analysis with the assistance of software RapOxbow.

Findings
The current sustainability status of the management of Lake Baru ecosystems according to a number of dimensions is regarded as sustainable with a sustainability index value by 50.95. Meanwhile, analysis results of each dimension show that the sustainability index for the ecological dimension is 42.56 and the sustainability index for the economic dimension is 47.44, which means that they are less sustainable. While the sustainability index for the socio-cultural dimension is 54.81, the sustainability index for the technological dimension is 53.12 and the sustainability index for the legal-institutional dimension is 56.83, meaning that they are fairly sustainable.

Originality/value
The originality of this paper lies at the approaches of this research which are MDS analysis and a prospect analysis, and the research location in Buluh Cina Village in Kampar, Indonesia, that has not been researched before. This is one of few studies which investigate comprehensively the sustainability analysis of management, especially in ecological, economic and socio-cultural dimensions in Indonesia.
Assessment of Coagulase‐Negative Staphylococci and Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Portuguese Dry Fermented Sausages as Potential Starters Based on Their Biogenic Amine Profile
Authors: Alfaia Cristina M. , Gouveia Irani M. , Fernandes Maria H. , Fernandes Maria J. , Semedo‐Lemsaddek Teresa , Barreto António S. , Fraqueza Maria J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the decarboxylase activity of coagulase‐negative staphylococci (CNS) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) involved in meat products fermentation, in order to characterize and select the strains most suitable to be used as safe starter cultures. Isolates were obtained from traditional Portuguese dry fermented meat sausages, identified by PCR and characterized according to their technological properties. Lactobacilli and enterococci were assessed for their bacteriocinogenic potential. Biogenic amines (BA) were screened by culture method and analyzed by RP‐HPLC/UV. The screening method, compared with chromatographic analysis, was not reliable for CNS and LAB strains selection. Tyramine decarboxylase activity was present in CNS strains, with a slight production of amines. No other hazardous BA were produced. Among lactobacilli, moderate production of tyramine was related only to Lactobacillus curvatus, with some strains producing putrescine or 2‐phenylethylamine. Enterococci were high and moderate producers of tyramine and 2‐phenylethylamine, respectively. Staphylococcus xylosus, Staphylococcus equorum, and Staphylococcus carnosus, independent of their genetic and technological profiles and BA production, were adequate for use in meat products, according to the data. Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus sakei strains could also be selected for starters.Practical ApplicationThe selection of coagulase‐negative staphylococci and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolates were based on their production of biogenic amines in order to avoid this potential hazard production in meat products. The most suitable isolates could be used as safe starter cultures in meat products industry. The staphylococci and LAB selected will achieve particular organoleptic characteristics in meat products and bioprotection from pathogens.
The Changhsingian Foraminiferal Fauna of the Meishan D Section, Zhejiang, China, and their Ecostratigraphic Implications
Authors: KE Xue , LUO Liang , WEI Yi , KOU Xiaohu , ZHANG Zongyan , HE Weihong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSamples were collected continuously and systematically from Beds 2 to 30 of the Meishan D section, and nearly 4,000 foraminiferal specimens were recognized. In total, 72 species (partially including undetermined species and conformis species) in 34 genera of foraminifers were identified. Twelve foraminiferal community zones were established from Beds 2 to 27 based on the abundance, dominance, diversity, and equitability of the foraminiferal fauna and a functional morphological analysis of the dominant and characteristic species. The habitat type indicated by each community zone and the sedimentary features were used to determine the paleo‐water depths and the relative changes in sea level. We generated curves of both the habitat type and the hydrodynamic conditions, which together indicate the relative changes in the paleo‐water depth and the substrate features in the studied area during the Changhsingian. This study discusses the possible relationship between the foraminiferal community zones and the sea‐level changes based on a statistical analysis of the foraminiferal community zones.
Geology and Geochemistry of the Shizitou Molybdenum Deposit, Jiangxi Province: Implications for Geodynamic Setting and Metallogenesis
Authors: WANG Cheng , SHAO Yongjun , LIU Zhongfa , LIU Qingquan , ZHANG Yu 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe Shizitou molybdenum (Mo) deposit in Yongping, Jiangxi, is an important, recently discovered deposit in the eastern section of the Qin–Hang metallogenic belt. The Mo deposit is located in the outer contact zone between the porphyritic biotite granite and the Neoproterozoic migmatite, and present in the deep central part of the intrusion. Re–Os dating and S and Pb isotopic analysis have been conducted to assess the metallogenesis of the Shizitou Mo deposit. S, Pb and Re isotopes show that the ore–forming materials were derived from the porphyritic biotite granitic magma, which originated from the mixing of mantle and crust. Re–Os dating of molybdenite from the ores gives a model age from 156.9±2.2 to 158.5±2.4 Ma, with a weighted mean age of 158±1 Ma and an isochron age of 158.0±2.5 Ma. Geological and geochemical characteristics of the ore deposit and the related granitoids indicate that the Shizitou deposit is a Climax–type Mo deposit. Based on previous studies of the Qin–Hang metallogenic belt, two metallogenic events are believed to have occurred during 172–145 Ma and 137–132 Ma. These two metallogenic periods are consistent with the timing of two metallogenic peaks during the middle to late Jurassic and the Cretaceous in South China. These events represent responses to the partial back–arc extension associated with the subduction of the Izanagi plate beneath the Eurasian continent and the rapid northeastward movement of the subducting Izanagi plate.
Is Ziarat a Potential Site for Conventional or Unconventional Energy Resources?
Authors: KHAN Sarfraz , NISAR Umair Bin , AHMED Khawar A. , WASEEM Muhammad , AHMED Waqas 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA structural interpretation of the Ziarat block in the Balochistan region (a part of the Suleiman Fold and Thrust Belt) has been carried out using seismic and seismological data. Seismic data consists of nine 2.5D pre‐stack migrated seismic lines, whereas the seismological data covers the Fault Plane Solution and source parameters. Structural interpretation describes two broad fault sets of fore and back thrusts in the study area that have resulted in the development of pop‐up structures, accountable for the structural traps and seismicity pattern in terms of seismic hazard. Seismic interpretation includes time and depth contour maps of the Dungan Formation and Ranikot group, while seismological interpretation includes Fault Plane Solution, that is correlated with a geological and structural map of the area for the interpretation of the nature of the subsurface faults. Principal stresses are also estimated for the Ranikot group and Dungan Formation. In order to calculate anisotropic elastic properties, the parameters of the rock strength of the formations are first determined from seismic data, along with the dominant stresses (vertical, minimum horizontal, and maximum horizontal). The differential ratio of the maximum and minimum horizontal stresses is obtained to indicate optimal zones for hydraulic fracturing, and to assess the potential for geothermal energy reservoir prospect generation. The stress maps indicate high values towards the deeper part of the horizon, and low towards the shallower part, attributed to the lithological and structural variation in the area. Outcomes of structural interpretation indicate a good correlation of structure and tectonics from both seismological and seismic methods.
Quick Evaluation of Present‐Day Low‐Total Organic Carbon Carbonate Source Rocks from Rock‐Eval Data: Middle–Upper Ordovician in the Tabei Uplift, Tarim Basin
Authors: CHEN Junqing , PANG Xiongqi , YANG Haijun , PANG Hong , PANG Bo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPrevious studies have postulated the contribution of present‐day low‐total organic carbon (TOC) marine carbonate source rocks to oil accumulations in the Tabei Uplift, Tarim Basin, China. However, not all present‐day low‐TOC carbonates have generated and expelled hydrocarbons; therefore, to distinguish the source rocks that have already expelled sufficient hydrocarbons from those not expelled hydrocarbons, is crucial in source rock evaluation and resource assessment in the Tabei Uplift. Mass balance can be used to identify modern low‐TOC carbonates resulting from hydrocarbon expulsion. However, the process is quite complicated, requiring many parameters and coefficients and thus also a massive data source. In this paper, we provide a quick and cost effective method for identifying carbonate source rock with present‐day low TOC, using widely available Rock‐Eval data. First, we identify present‐day low‐TOC carbonate source rocks in typical wells according to the mass balance approach. Second, we build an optimal model to evaluate source rocks from the analysis of the rocks' characteristics and their influencing factors, reported as positive or negative values of a dimensionless index of Rock‐Eval data (IR). Positive IR corresponds to those samples which have expelled hydrocarbons. The optimal model optimizes complicated calculations and simulation processes; thus it could be widely applicable and competitive in the evaluation of present‐day low TOC carbonates. By applying the model to the Rock‐Eval dataset of the Tabei Uplift, we identify present‐day low‐TOC carbonate source rocks and primarily evaluate the contribution equivalent of 11.87×109 t oil.
Characteristics of children aged 2–17 years undergoing anaesthesia in Danish hospitals 2005–2015: a national observational study
Authors: Strøm C. , Lundstrøm L. H. , Afshari A. , Lohse N. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryProvision of paediatric anaesthesia requires careful consideration of the child's cognitive state, unique body composition and physiology. In an observational cohort study, we describe the population characteristics and conduct of anaesthesia in children aged 2–17 years from 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2015. Children were identified from the Danish Anaesthesia Database. We recorded the following variables: age; sex; comorbidities; indications for anaesthesia; practice of anaesthesia; and complications. Results are presented for two age groups: 2–5 and 6–17 years. In total, 32,840 (61% male) children aged 2–5 years received 50,484 anaesthesia episodes and 91,418 (54% male) children aged 6–17 years received 141,082 anaesthesia episodes. The younger children, compared with the older children, were more frequently anaesthetised at a university hospital (50% vs. 36%) and for non‐surgical procedures (24% vs. 8%). For both age groups, general anaesthesia was the primary choice of anaesthesia regardless of the reason for anaesthesia. For surgery, general anaesthesia using inhalational agents in addition to intravenous agents or alone was more frequently used in younger children (49% vs. 15%), whereas older children commonly received total intravenous anaesthesia (50% vs. 83%). Regional anaesthesia was infrequently utilised. Complications occurred in 3.3% of anaesthesia episodes among 2–5 year olds compared with 3.7% of anaesthesia episodes among children aged 6–17 years. In conclusion, we found younger children (aged 2–5), compared with older children (aged 6–17) were more frequently anaesthetised for non‐surgical reasons, at a university hospital and using inhalational agents. Complications were rare.
Latitudinal variation in the phenological responses of eastern tent caterpillars and their egg parasitoids
Authors: Abarca Mariana , Lill John T. 
Published: September 2018

1. Eastern tent caterpillars (Malacosoma americanum) are broadly distributed within North America, with populations spanning a wide range of environmental conditions. Their egg masses are consistently attacked by a variety of wasps in the superfamily Chalcidoidea. We performed a reciprocal transplant‐type experiment to assess the performance of three populations spanning 15° of latitude when subjected to temperature regimes resembling southern or northern conditions.2. Exposure to warm temperatures and short overwintering periods (southern conditions) resulted in the increased survival of both caterpillars and parasitoids from all populations. By contrast, the ability of caterpillars to withstand starvation was maximised when exposed to conditions similar to their native region.3. Caterpillar and wasp phenology differed among populations even when exposed to the same temperature regime. Individuals exposed to novel conditions hatched 2–6 weeks later than those experiencing native conditions. Under typical conditions, the relative phenology of wasps and their hosts exhibited a latitudinal gradient consistent with growing season length, with southern, central, and northern wasps, emerging 50, 45, and 36 days, respectively, after their hosts.3. We identified four genera of primary parasitoids, which emerged within a narrow 2‐week span, and one hyperparasitoid, which emerged in distinct pulses over an approximately 5‐week span, possibly indicating the presence of a second generation.4. Caterpillars and wasps exhibited distinct phenological responses according to population of origin, indicating that not only pre‐hatching winter and spring conditions, but also historical factors, which may include local adaptation, maternal effects, and oviposition time, influence their phenological responses.
Simulation Assessment of Direct Push Injection Logging for High‐Resolution Aquifer Characterization
Authors: Liu Gaisheng , Borden Robert C. , Butler James J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDirect push injection logging (DPIL) has become one of the most widely used approaches for obtaining vertical profiles of hydraulic conductivity (K) in environmental site investigations. Despite its widespread use, however, there has been no rigorous analysis of the underlying physical processes that take place during DPIL or how the approach would perform under different hydrogeological and operating conditions. We address these issues through a series of numerical simulations. Results show that the ratio of DPIL injection rate over pressure can be used for direct determination of K when K is >10−6 m/s. When K is <10−6 m/s and specific storage (Ss) is >10−3/m, the ratio becomes increasingly sensitive to Ss; in that case, additional information on Ss is needed for reliable K estimation. For unconsolidated formations of moderate K or higher, the ratio of injection rate over pressure should provide a reasonable K estimate when Ss is <10−3/m. Although water injection at previous depths during continuous DPIL has only a small impact on the pressure response measured at the current injection depth, probe advancement can have a significant impact when K and Ss are small. Consequently, in fine‐grained materials, the advancement‐generated pore water pressure increase can comprise a large portion of the measured pressure response. To diminish the impact of probe advancement in such materials, advancement speed should be kept as low as possible (e.g., 0.5 cm/s).
Sarcoidosis of the fallopian tube: A rare case study with confirmed Propionibacterium acnes infection
Authors: Kuno Takashi , Tachibana Masahito , Muramatsu Soshi , Eishi Yoshinobu , Fujimine Ayako , Tokunaga Hideki , Yaegashi Nobuo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease that is most commonly manifested in the pulmonary system. Though the entire etiology of sarcoidosis remains unknown, it has been reported that Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) has been isolated from sarcoid lesions. Herein, we report a case of salpingitis arising from sarcoidosis. A female patient aged 37 years, gravida 2 para 0, who had been diagnosed with sarcoidosis at the age of 36 years, underwent laparoscopic right salpingectomy due to obvious right hydrosalpinx with recurrent refractory right lower abdominal pain. The pathological diagnosis was granulomatous salpingitis of the right fallopian tube suspecting sarcoidosis. Immunocytochemistry using a specific monoclonal antibody against P. acnes lipoteichoic acid (PAB antibody) revealed PAB‐positive reaction in sarcoid granuloma. This is the first case of sarcoidosis that the presence of P. acnes was shown in sarcoid lesions in the fallopian tube.