bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term effect of NUDT15 R139C on hematologic indices in inflammatory bowel disease patients treated with thiopurine
Authors: Akiyama Shintaro , Matsuoka Katsuyoshi , Fukuda Kyoko , Hamada Shunsuke , Shimizu Mikiko , Nanki Kosaku , Mizuno Shinta , Kiyohara Hiroki , Arai Mari , Sugimoto Shinya , Iwao Yasushi , Ogata Haruhiko , Hisamatsu Tadakazu , Naganuma Makoto , Motobayashi Maiko , Suzuki Kohei , Takenaka Kento , Fujii Toshimitsu , Saito Eiko , Nagahori Masakazu , Ohtsuka Kazuo , Mochizuki Mayumi , Watanabe Mamoru , Hashiguchi Masayuki , Kanai Takanori 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackground and AimA missense variant of the nucleoside diphosphate‐linked moiety X‐type motif 15 (NUDT15) gene (R139C) predisposes Asian patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to thiopurine‐induced leukopenia. This study evaluates the long‐term effect of NUDT15 R139C heterozygosity on hematological parameters during thiopurine administration.MethodsWe enrolled 83 Japanese IBD patients who were on anti‐tumor necrosis factor‐α agents and had used thiopurine. NUDT15 R139C was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction. We retrospectively reviewed patient clinical charts to collect data on white blood cell (WBC) count, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), hemoglobin, and platelet count during the 24 months following thiopurine initiation.ResultsThe included patients had either Crohn's disease (54; 65.1%) or ulcerative colitis (29; 34.9%). Genotyping of NUDT15 R139C identified 62 patients (74.7%) of genotype C/C and 21 (25.3%) of genotype C/T. The median dose of thiopurine was lower in the C/T group than in the C/C group after starting thiopurine. At 6 months, the mean WBC count of the C/T group became significantly lower than that of the C/C group (P = 0.008) and remained lower through the 24 months. The C/T group developed grade 2–4 leukopenia by 6 months, which persisted through 12–24 months. The mean MCV in the C/T group became higher than that of the C/C group after 3 months.ConclusionsNUDT15 R139C heterozygosity affected the WBC count and MCV for 24 months after thiopurine administration. Our results indicate that careful monitoring of leukopenia and dose adjustment are necessary throughout treatment in IBD patients heterozygous for the NUDT15 R139C.
Obstetrical prognosis of patients who underwent vaginal radical trachelectomy during pregnancy
Authors: Umemoto Mina , Ishioka Shinichi , Mizugaki Yuko , Fujibe Yuya , Mariya Tasuku , Kawamata Akari , Mizuuchi Masahito , Morishita Miyuki , Baba Tsuyoshi , Saito Tsuyoshi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimRadical trachelectomy (RT) with pelvic lymphadenectomy has become an option for young patients with early invasive uterine cervical cancer who decide to maintain their fertility. However, this operative method entails a high risk for the following pregnancy due to its radicality. Therefore, RT for pregnant patients can be a challenge both for gynecologic oncologists and obstetricians.MethodsWe have performed vaginal RT for five pregnant patients with uterine cervical cancer stage 1B1 according to the method of Dargent et al. The operations were performed between 16 and 26 weeks of pregnancy, and the patients were followed up carefully according to the follow‐up methods we reported previously.ResultsVaginal RT was performed for five patients without any troubles. Four of the patients continued their pregnancies until almost 34 weeks or longer under our previously published follow‐up schedule. The pregnancy of one patient was terminated at 26 weeks due to recurrence of the cancer.ConclusionExpansion of vaginal RT for pregnant patients with uterine cervical cancer could be a practical option for pregnant patients with early invasive uterine cervical cancer.
Mechanical fatigue behaviour of different lengths screw‐retained restorations connected to two designs prosthetic connection level
Authors: Pérez León Patricia , Bartolomé José F. , Lombardía Carlos , Pradíes Guillermo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe aim of this work is to compare the mechanical fatigue behaviour of different crown heights of single crown implant restorations made over two different internal hexagonal titanium dental implant connection levels. Two different groups of internal hexagonal connection were studied: (a) TL group (N = 26) included implants with a transmucosal connection (12.2 mm height and 4.8 mm width) and (b) BL group (N = 26) composed by implants at a bone level connection (10 mm height and 3.8 mm width). Two subgroups (N = 13) were established for each connection level according to crown heights (TL10 = 10 mm, TL15 = 15 mm, BL12 = 12 mm, BL17 = 17 mm). Dynamic load tests were carried out according to ISO Norm 14801. Failed samples and fracture surfaces were analysed with an optical and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The fatigue limit and the fatigue strength degradation (fatigue strength exponent) decreases with increasing crown height (5 mm) in both groups of internal hexagonal titanium dental implant connection levels. Consequently, the mechanical integrity of internal hexagonal dental implants varies with the height of the crown. An increase of 5 millimetres in the crown height appears to significantly decrease the fatigue life of both types of dental implants.
Geophysical characterization of the Daskop granophyre dyke and surrounding host rocks, Vredefort impact structure, South Africa
Authors: Fourie F. D. , Huber M. S. , Kovaleva E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGranophyre dykes in the central part of the Vredefort impact structure are believed to be the remnants of the impact melt sheet, which intruded downwards along the fractures in the crater floor. Little is known about their original penetration depth, dip, structural relationships with the host rocks, and their general geophysical characteristics. This information is critical to understand the emplacement history of the granophyre dykes, as it relates to the formation and modification of large impact structures. We conducted magnetic and resistivity surveys across the Daskop granophyre dyke (DGD), one of the impact melt dykes in the structure's core. The magnetic survey revealed that the DGD gives a strong magnetic response at positions where the dyke outcrop exceeds the surface topography, but a very weak response where the outcrop is nearly at the same elevation as the surrounding topography. The magnetic anomaly is thus predominantly due to the outcrop protruding above ground level, suggesting a limited volume of dyke material in the subsurface and a small penetration depth. The resistivity survey performed on two profiles, set perpendicularly across the DGD, indicated a shallow penetration depth (<3 m), consistent with the magnetic interpretation. Thus, our geophysical study demonstrates that the DGD is currently at the very bottom of its original emplacement. This may either be an erosional coincidence, or it may be controlled by a fundamental process of impact cratering. Further studies are warranted to determine if other granophyre dykes at Vredefort are similarly at their lowermost terminations.
Psychometric properties of End‐of‐Life Caregiving Experience Appraisal Scale: Iranian critical care nurses
Authors: Nia Hamid S. , Goudarzian Amir H. , Shahrokhi Akram , Boyle Christopher , Wilson Michael S. J. , Hosseinigolafshani Seyedeh Z. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundHealth care providers should be able to provide good quality end‐of‐life care. A tool to evaluate the positive and negative consequences of caring for dying patients is warranted.AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the End‐of‐Life Caregiving Experience Appraisal Scale (EOLCAS).MethodsThis research was conducted in two phases. Phase I: The World Health Organization Protocol of forward‐backward translation and an expert panel in order to determine face and content validity. Phase II: Survey development with 310 nurses who worked in critical care units, construct validity (construct, convergent and divergent validity), internal consistency (average inter‐item correlation, Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega) and construct reliability were evaluated.ResultsThe exploratory factor analysis showed that the present scale (Persian version) has four factors: Negative physical‐emotional and social consequences, transcendental communication, information deficits and future rumination, which explained 83.92% of the overall extracted variance. Convergent and divergent validity were confirmed for all factors. The internal consistency and construct reliability were acceptable.ConclusionThe scale has a multidimensional concept that is sufficiently reliable and the use of the scale would be helpful in measuring consequences of caring for dying patients.Relevance to clinical practiceThis scale makes a significant contribution in that it helps in the recognition of positive and negative consequences of critical care nurses' caring for dying patients.
Stratifying risk of recurrence of atrial fibrillation following balloon cryoablation using the CAAP‐AF risk scoring system
Authors: Hamilton Russell D. , Cooper Barry , Meyers Jason D. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if the CAAP‐AF tool could be applied to a cohort of patients in the United States undergoing cryoablation or AF utilizing second‐generation cryoballoons.BackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) is a major source of morbidity and expense, with over 33 million individuals affected worldwide and over 450 000 hospitalizations annually in the United States. Catheter ablation for AF is a class I indication for patients with symptomatic AF. The ability to predict postablation recurrence would have an enormous impact on both patient outcomes and cost to the health care system.MethodsOur study was an observational, single‐center retrospective study to evaluate the utility of the CAAP‐AF risk scoring system in predicting recurrence of AF following second‐generation balloon cryoablation for AF.ResultsThere were a total of 235 patients. From the initial cohort, 30.2% (71) had a recurrence of AF within 1 year of the cryoablation procedure. There was a statistically significant increase in mean age, left atrial diameter, left atrial volume index, CHADS2, CHADS2‐VASc, and number of antiarrhythmics failed in the group that had recurrence of AF. There was also a statistically significant increase in the CAAP‐AF score in patients who had recurrence of AF.ConclusionsThe CAAP‐AF score predicted the freedom from AF 1 year following cryoablation for AF. The CAAP‐AF score can aid in selecting patients most likely to benefit from cryoablation, which includes patients with a low CAAP‐AF score, as they are most likely to remain AF free at 1 year.
Host suitability of Solanum torvum cultivars to Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica and population dynamics
Authors: García‐Mendívil H. A. , Escudero N. , Sorribas F. J. 
Published: May 2019

Several experiments were carried out to assess the performance of commercial Solanum torvum cultivars against the root knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica in Spain. The response of S. torvum rootstock cultivars Brutus, Espina, Salutamu and Torpedo against M. incognita and Mi‐1.2 (a)virulent M. javanica isolates was determined in pot experiments, and of ‘Brutus’ to an N‐virulent isolate of M. incognita, compared with that of the eggplant S. melongena ‘Cristal’. The relationship between the initial and final population densities of M. javanica on ungrafted and grafted ‘Cristal’ onto the S. torvum ‘Brutus’ was assessed, together with the effect on dry shoot biomass. Finally, the population growth rate and the resistance level of the four S. torvum cultivars against M. incognita was assessed under plastic greenhouse conditions in two cropping seasons. All S. torvum rootstocks responded as resistant to the M. incognita isolates and from highly resistant to susceptible against M. javanica isolates. The maximum multiplication rates of M. javanica on the ungrafted or grafted eggplant were 270 and 49, respectively, and the equilibrium densities were 1318 and 2056 eggs and J2 per 100 cm3 soil, respectively. The tolerance of the ungrafted eggplant was 10.9 J2 per 100 cm3 soil, and the minimum relative dry shoot biomass was 0.76. The population growth rate of M. incognita on eggplant cv. Cristal differed from that of the S. torvum cultivars in both cropping seasons. These results suggest that S. torvum is a valuable rootstock for managing the two Meloidogyne species irrespective of the (a)virulence status.
A Review of Recent Advances in Benchmark Dose Methodology
Authors: Jensen Signe M. , Kluxen Felix M. , Ritz Christian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this review, recent methodological developments for the benchmark dose (BMD) methodology are summarized. Specifically, we introduce the advances for the main steps in BMD derivation: selecting the procedure for defining a BMD from a predefined benchmark response (BMR), setting a BMR, selecting a dose–response model, and estimating the corresponding BMD lower limit (BMDL). Although the last decade has shown major progress in the development of BMD methodology, there is still room for improvement. Remaining challenges are the implementation of new statistical methods in user‐friendly software and the lack of consensus about how to derive the BMDL.
High volume injection with and without corticosteroid in chronic midportion achilles tendinopathy
Authors: Boesen Anders P. , Langberg Henning , Hansen Rudi , Malliaras Peter , Boesen Morten I. 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundHigh volume injection (HVI) shows promising results in the treatment of chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy (AT). HVI consists of a large volume of saline with a small amount of corticosteroid and local anesthetic.ObjectiveTo determine the effect of corticosteroid in HVI in AT.MethodsA total of 28 men (18‐59 years) with chronic (>3 months) AT were included in a double‐blinded RCT and followed for 24 weeks. All performed eccentric training and randomized to either (a) HVI injection with corticosteroid or (b) HVI injection without corticosteroid. Outcomes included self‐reported function (VISA‐A score) and pain (VAS score) and ultrasound imaging (tendon thickness, Doppler flow).ResultsVISA‐A and VAS score improved in both groups at all time‐points (P < 0.05). VISA‐A improvement was significantly greater in HVI with corticosteroid (mean ± SEM; 6‐weeks = 31 ± 3 points; 12‐weeks = 32 ± 5 points) vs HVI without corticosteroid (6 weeks = 14 ± 3; 12‐weeks = 17 ± 3) at 6 and 12 weeks (P < 0.05), but not at 24 weeks. Decrease in VAS scores was significantly greater in HVI with corticosteroid (6 weeks = 55 ± 3 mm; 12 weeks = 53 ± 5 mm) vs HVI without corticosteroid (6 weeks = 16 ± 3 mm; 12 weeks = 25 ± 5 mm) at 6 and 12 weeks (P < 0.05) but not at 24 weeks. Tendon thickness decreased significantly in both groups at all time‐points (P < 0.05), but more in the HVI with corticosteroid vs HVI without corticosteroid at 6 and 12 weeks (P < 0.05) but not at 24 weeks.ConclusionHigh volume injection with or without corticosteroid in combination with eccentric training seems effective in AT. HVI with corticosteroid showed a better short‐term improvement than HVI without corticosteroid indicating a short‐term effect of corticosteroid in HVI treatment of AT.
Day clinic vs. hospital care of pneumonia and severe malnutrition in children under five: a randomised trial
Authors: Ashraf Hasan , Alam Nur H. , Sultana Marufa , Jahan Selina A. , Begum Nurshad , Farzana Sharmin , Chisti Mohammod J. , Kamal Mohiuddin , Shamsuzzaman Abu , Ahmed Tahmeed , Khan Jahangir A. M. , Fuchs George J. , Duke Trevor , Gyr Niklaus 
Published: May 2019

SummaryObjectivesTo evaluate the clinical outcomes and costs of managing pneumonia and severe malnutrition in a day clinic (DC) management model (outpatient) vs. hospital care (inpatient).MethodsRandomised clinical trial where children aged 2 months to 5 years with pneumonia and severe malnutrition were randomly allocated to DC or inpatient hospital care. We used block randomisation of variable length from 8 to 20 and produced computer‐generated random numbers that were assigned to one of the two interventions. Successful management was defined as resolution of clinical signs of pneumonia and being discharged from the model of care (DC or hospital) without need for referral to a hospital (DC), or referral to another hospital. All the children in both DC and hospital received intramuscular ceftriaxone, daily nutrition support and micronutrients.ResultsFour hundred and seventy children were randomly assigned to either DC or hospital care. Successful management was achieved for 184 of 235 (78.3%) by DC alone, vs. 201 of 235 (85.5%) by hospital inpatient care [RR (95% CI) = 0.79 (0.65–0.97), P = 0.02]. During 6 months of follow‐up, 30/235 (12.8%) in the DC group and 36/235 (15.3%) required readmission to hospital in the hospital care group [RR (95% CI) = 0.89 (0.67–1.18), P = 0.21]. The average overall healthcare and societal cost was 34% lower in DC (US$ 188 ± 11.7) than in hospital (US$ 285 ± 13.6) (P < 0.001), and costs for households were 33% lower.ConclusionsThere was a 7% greater probability of successful management of pneumonia and severe malnutrition when inpatient hospital care rather than the outpatient day clinic care was the initial method of care. However, where timely referral mechanisms were in place, 94% of children with pneumonia and severe malnutrition were successfully managed initially in a day clinic, and costs were substantially lower than with hospital admission.
Successful management of persistent tachycardia using esmolol in 2 dogs with septic shock
Authors: Beer Kari Santoro , Balakrishnan Anusha , Hart Samantha K. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the successful management of 2 dogs with septic shock and persistent tachycardia using norepinephrine and esmolol, a short‐acting beta receptor antagonist.Series SummaryTwo cases are reviewed. In the first case, septic shock with ventricular tachycardia was diagnosed in a 4‐year‐old neutered female Great Dane that underwent jejunoileal resection and anastomosis for a partial mesenteric torsion. The patient's tachyarrhythmias failed to respond to lidocaine, and an esmolol infusion was used for heart rate control. The condition of the dog improved and she was discharged after 4 days of hospitalization. The second case was a 7‐year‐old neutered female Cavalier King Charles Spaniel with septic peritonitis. Following surgery for intestinal resection and anastomosis, supraventricular tachycardia developed that was not responsive to volume resuscitation and was treated with an esmolol infusion. The condition of the dog improved and she was discharged after 6 days of hospitalization. Both patients were doing well at the time of long‐term follow‐up.New or Unique Information ProvidedThis case series highlights a novel method of managing dogs in septic shock with persistent tachycardia based on recently published data in the human literature. The use of esmolol may be considered in certain veterinary patients with septic shock to improve persistent tachycardia not related to hypovolemia.
Potentiating α2 subunit containing perisomatic GABAA receptors protects against seizures in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome
Authors: Nomura Toshihiro , Hawkins Nicole A. , Kearney Jennifer A. , George Alfred L. , Contractor Anis 
Published: May 2019

Key points
Dravet syndrome mice (Scn1a+/−) demonstrate a marked strain dependence for the severity of seizures which is correlated with GABAA receptor α2 subunit expression.
The α2/α3 subunit selective positive allosteric modulator (PAM) AZD7325 potentiates inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) specifically in perisomatic synapses.
AZD7325 demonstrates stronger effects on IPSCs in the seizure resistant mouse strain, consistent with higher α2 subunit expression.
AZD7325 demonstrates seizure protective effects in Scn1a+/− mice without apparent sedative effects in vivo.
AbstractGABAA receptor potentiators are commonly used for the treatment of epilepsy, but it is not clear whether targeting distinct GABAA receptor subtypes will have disproportionate benefits over adverse effects. Here we demonstrate that the α2/α3 selective positive allosteric modulator (PAM) AZD7325 preferentially potentiates hippocampal inhibitory responses at synapses proximal to the soma of CA1 neurons. The effect of AZD7325 on synaptic responses was more prominent in mice on the 129S6/SvEvTac background strain, which have been demonstrated to be seizure resistant in the model of Dravet syndrome (Scn1a+/−), and in which the α2 GABAA receptor subunits are expressed at higher levels relative to in the seizure prone C57BL/6J background strain. Consistent with this, treatment of Scn1a+/− mice with AZD7325 elevated the temperature threshold for hyperthermia‐induced seizures without apparent sedative effects. Our results in a model system indicate that selectively targeting α2 is a potential therapeutic option for Dravet syndrome.
Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Simulation of Oil-Jet Gear Interaction1
Authors: Keller Marc C. , Braun Samuel , Wieth Lars , Chaussonnet Geoffroy , Dauch Thilo F. , Koch Rainer , Schwitzke Corina , Bauer Hans-Jörg 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In this paper, the complex two-phase flow during oil-jet impingement on a rotating spur gear is investigated using the meshless smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method. On the basis of a two-dimensional setup, a comparison of single-phase SPH to multiphase SPH simulations and the application of the volume of fluid method is drawn. The results of the different approaches are compared regarding the predicted flow phenomenology and computational effort. It is shown that the application of single-phase SPH is justified and that this approach is superior in computational time, enabling faster simulations. In the next step, a three-dimensional single-phase SPH setup is exploited to predict the flow phenomena during the impingement of an oil-jet on a spur gear for three different jet inclination angles. The oil’s flow phenomenology is described and the obtained resistance torque is presented. Thereby, a significant effect of the inclination angle on the oil spreading and splashing process as well as the resistance torque is identified.
Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Modeling by a Cosserat Continuum Theory for Small Polymer Journal Bearings
Authors: Zhu B. , Cai Y. J. , Li Y. P. , Lei M. K. , Guo D. M. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Recent experiments have shown that the elastic deformation behaviors of a polymeric material are consistent with the Cosserat elasticity under nonuniform deformation at a millimeter scale. Thus, an elastohydrodynamic lubrication model in the framework of the Cosserat continuum theory is proposed to explore the lubrication performance that deviates from the classical elastohydrodynamic lubrication theory for the small polymer journal bearings with millimeter size. The elastic deformation of the bearing sleeve made of polymeric material and the pressure distribution in a lubricating film are obtained through an iterative solution of the equation of the Cosserat elasticity and the modified Reynolds’ equations with considering the boundary slippage. The effect of bearing size and Cosserat characteristic lengths for torsion and bending on the lubrication performance of the small polymer journal bearings is studied using the proposed Cosserat elastohydrodynamic lubrication model. It was found that the small changes in film thickness due to the Cosserat effect can result in large changes in film pressure. The Cosserat characteristic length of bending possesses a significant effect on the lubrication behaviors of the journal bearings, because the size effect is mainly caused by the increased apparent modulus due to the bending elastic deformation of the bearing sleeve. The boundary slip behaviors dependent on the Cosserat characteristic length are also studied using the Cosserat elastohydrodynamic model, and the numerical results show that the Cosserat characteristic length changes the optimal geometric parameters of the slip zone in terms of load carrying capacity for the small polymer journal bearings.