bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of the pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose of trazodone and its effect on the activity level of domestic pigeons (Columba livia)
Authors: Desmarchelier Marion R. , Beaudry Francis , Ferrell Shannon T. , Frank Diane 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine the pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose of trazodone and its effect on the activity of domestic pigeons (Columba livia).
ANIMALS: 6 healthy adult male domestic pigeons.
PROCEDURES: During the first of 3 experiments, birds received orally administered trazodone at doses ranging from 3 to 30 mg/kg to determine the dose for subsequent experiments. During the second experiment, each bird received 1 dose of trazodone (30 mg/kg, PO). Blood was collected for determination of plasma trazodone concentration before and at predetermined times for 24 hours after drug administration. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by noncompartmental analysis. During experiment 3, birds were instrumented with ultralightweight accelerometers and received orally administered trazodone (30 mg/kg) or an equal volume of water twice at a 48-hour interval. Activity of birds was monitored for 24 hours after administration of each treatment.
RESULTS: No adverse effects were observed. Mean ± SD terminal half-life of trazodone was 5.65 ± 1.75 hours. Plasma trazodone concentrations remained > 0.130 μg/mL for approximately 20 hours. Trazodone did not affect the activity of birds during the first 2 and 15 hours after administration.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that oral administration of 1 dose (30 mg/kg) of trazodone to healthy pigeons was safe and resulted in plasma drug concentrations that were similar to those considered therapeutic in humans and dogs for up to 20 hours. Further research is necessary to characterize the pharmacokinetics for repeated doses as well as the clinical effects of trazodone in birds with behavior problems.
Use of a modified passive leg-raising maneuver to predict fluid responsiveness during experimental induction and correction of hypovolemia in healthy isoflurane-anesthetized pigs
Authors: Paranjape Vaidehi V. , Shih Andre C. , Garcia-Pereira Fernando L. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the use of a modified passive leg-raising maneuver (PLRM) to predict fluid responsiveness during experimental induction and correction of hypovolemia in isoflurane-anesthetized pigs.
ANIMALS 6 healthy male Landrace pigs.
PROCEDURES Pigs were anesthetized with isoflurane, positioned in dorsal recumbency, and instrumented. Following induction of a neuromuscular blockade, pigs were mechanically ventilated throughout 5 sequential experimental stages during which the blood volume was manipulated so that subjects transitioned from normovolemia (baseline) to hypovolemia (blood volume depletion, 20% and 40%), back to normovolemia, and then to hypervolemia. During each stage, hemodynamic variables were measured before and 3 minutes after a PLRM and 1 minute after the pelvic limbs were returned to their original position. The PLRM consisted of raising the pelvic limbs and caudal portion of the abdomen to a 15° angle relative to the horizontal plane.
RESULTS Hemodynamic variables did not vary in response to the PLRM when pigs were normovolemic or hypervolemic. When pigs were hypovolemic, the PLRM resulted in a significant increase in cardiac output and decrease in plethysomographic variability index and pulse pressure variation. When the pelvic limbs were returned to their original position, cardiac output and pulse pressure variation rapidly returned to their pre-PLRM values, but the plethysomographic variability index did not.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested a modified PLRM might be useful for identification of hemodynamically unstable animals that are likely to respond to fluid therapy. Further research is necessary to validate the described PLRM for prediction of fluid responsiveness in clinically ill animals.
In vitro effect of 20% N-acetylcysteine on the viscosity of normal canine bile
Authors: Boullhesen-Williams Tomas , Townsend Katy L. , Milovancev Milan , White Nicole C. , Harris Conor G. , Adiga Prajwal 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the in vitro effect of 20% N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the viscosity of normal canine bile.
ANIMALS Bile samples obtained from 10 adult dogs euthanized for reasons unrelated to biliary disease.
PROCEDURES Each sample was centrifuged to remove particulates, then divided into 3 aliquots. One aliquot remained untreated (control). Each of the other aliquots was diluted 1:4 with 20% NAC or sterile water. The viscosity of all samples was measured with a rotational viscometer at 25°C. Viscosity of control samples was measured immediately after centrifugation and at 1 and 24 hours after treatment application to the diluted samples. Viscosity of diluted samples was measured at 1 and 24 hours after treatment application.
RESULTS Mean viscosity differed significantly among the 3 groups at both 1 and 24 hours after treatment application. Relative to control samples, the addition of NAC and sterile water decreased the viscosity by approximately 3.35 mPa·s (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.58 to 5.12 mPa·s) and 2.74 mPa·s (95% CI, 1.33 to 4.14 mPa·s), respectively. Mean viscosity of the NAC-treated samples was approximately 0.61 mPa·s (95% CI, 0.21 to 1.01 mPa·s) less than that for the sterile water–treated samples.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that in vitro dilution of canine bile 1:4 with 20% NAC significantly decreased the viscosity of the resulting mixture. Further research is necessary to determine whether NAC is a safe and effective noninvasive treatment for dogs with persistent biliary sludge or gallbladder mucoceles.
Changes in pupil size and intraocular pressure after topical application of 0.5% tropicamide to the eyes of dogs sedated with butorphanol
Authors: Jugant Sophie , Grillot Aure-Eline , Lyarzhri Faouzi , Régnier Alain , Douet Jean-Yves 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To assess changes in pupil size and intraocular pressure (IOP) following topical application of a 0.5% tropicamide solution in the eyes of healthy butorphanol-sedated dogs.
ANIMALS: 12 healthy adult Beagles.
PROCEDURES: In a randomized crossover study consisting of 2 treatment periods with a 1-week washout between periods, dogs received an IM injection of butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg) or an equal volume of sterile saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. For each dog, 1 drop of 0.5% tropicamide ophthalmic solution was topically instilled in one eye and 1 drop of artificial tear solution was topically instilled in the other eye 10 minutes after the IM injection and again 5 minutes later. Extent of sedation, pupil size, and IOP were evaluated from 20 minutes before to 80 minutes after the IM injection and compared among treatment combinations.
RESULTS: Butorphanol induced mild (n = 9) or moderate (3) sedation in all dogs and slightly delayed the onset of, but did not prevent, tropicamide-induced mydriasis. Butorphanol caused a significant increase in IOP, which was not exacerbated by tropicamide-induced mydriasis; however, that increase was generally not sufficient to exceed the upper limit of the IOP reference range.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results indicated that butorphanol did not prevent tropicamide-induced mydriasis but did increase the IOP in ophthalmologically normal Beagles. Although the butorphanol-induced increase in IOP did not appear clinically relevant for the dogs of this study, that may not be true for dogs with glaucoma, and care should be taken when butorphanol is administered to such dogs.
Substitution of mitoxantrone for doxorubicin in a multidrug chemotherapeutic protocol for first-line treatment of dogs with multicentric intermediate- to large-cell lymphoma
Authors: Marquardt Taya M. , Lindley Stephanie E. S. , Smith Annette N. , Cannon Claire M. , Rodriguez Carlos O. , Thamm Douglas H. , Childress Michael O. , Northrup Nicole C. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate effects of substituting mitoxantrone for doxorubicin in a cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) chemotherapeutic protocol for first-line treatment of dogs with multicentric intermediate- to large-cell lymphoma.
DESIGN Retrospective cohort study.
ANIMALS 44 dogs treated with cyclophosphamide, mitoxantrone, vincristine, and prednisone (CMOP) and 51 dogs treated with CHOP at 12 referral institutions.
PROCEDURES Medical records were reviewed to determine response to treatment, progression-free survival time, and overall survival time. For dogs treated with CMOP, adverse events were also recorded.
RESULTS All 44 (100%) dogs treated with CMOP and 37 of 38 (97.4%) dogs treated with CHOP had a complete or partial response. Median progression-free survival time for dogs treated with CMOP was 165 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 143 to 187 days), and median overall survival time was 234 days (95% CI, 165 to 303 days). For dogs treated with CHOP, median progression-free survival time was 208 days (95% CI, 122 to 294 days), and median overall survival time was 348 days (95% CI, 287 to 409 days). Progression-free and overall survival times were not significantly different between groups. Overall, 9 of the 44 (20%) dogs treated with CMOP had adverse events likely or probably related to mitoxantrone, but all of these adverse events were mild.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that mitoxantrone may be a reasonable substitution in a CHOP protocol for treatment of dogs with multicentric intermediate- to large-cell lymphoma when doxorubicin is contraindicated.
An approach to compare the environmental conditions of Acer in the Miocene and in the modern flora of Turkey, based on wood anatomy
Authors: Akkemik Ünal , Bayam Nevriye Neslihan Acarca , Akarsu Ferdi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this study, xeromorphy ratios were calculated for Acer L. (maple) fossil woods in order to infer the precipitation conditions in the Miocene at the sites of the fossils, based on a comparison with the xeromorphy ratios of selected extant Acer species. The four studied petrified wood samples came from three localities of the Galatean Volcanic Province in Turkey: Kozyaka village (Bolu Province, Seben District), İnözü Valley (Ankara Province, Beypazarı District), and Kıraluç precinct between Nuhhoca and Dağşeyhler villages (Ankara Province, Beypazarı District). The calculated xeromorphy ratios ranged from 3 to 18 for the present-day wood and from 13 to 19 for the early Miocene wood. Values over 10 (11–18) represent xeric conditions; the lower values (3–7) indicate mesic conditions in modern Acer woods. The xeromorphy ratios of the Miocene wood indicate xeric conditions; we conclude that the sites of the fossil Acer woods were xeric, very similar to the modern Acer woodlands of central and southern Anatolia.
Early eudicot reproductive structure: Fruit and flower morphology of Ranunculaecarpus Samyl. from the Early Cretaceous of eastern Siberia
Authors: Manchester Steven R. , Golovneva Lina B. , Sokoloff Dmitry D. , Friis Else Marie 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFloral and fruit morphology of the early eudicot Ranunculaecarpus quinquecarpellatus Samyl. is described based on details from sectioning and microscopy of the permineralized type material from the Albian Buor-Kemyus Formation of the Zyryanka coal basin. Serial sections confirmed most of the originally described characters but revealed additional information, including hypogynous perianth and several stamens with in situ pollen. Each fruit consists of five free follicles inserted on a short receptacle. Follicles are elongate, with a dorsal keel, ventral suture and an attenuate apex, and are thin-walled, with two rows of small seeds in marginal placentation. The seeds are anatropous, ovoid, 1.3–1.7 in length, with an exotesta of cells that are rounded-hexagonal in surface view. The hypogynous perianth is composed of several free tepals. The stamens are short, with tetrasporangiate, dithecal anthers dehiscing by longitudinal slits. Pollen in situ is 18–20 mm long, 13–15 mm in equatorial diameter, with uncertain aperture configuration and a loose reticulum supported by narrow, widely spaced columellae. The combination of macromorphological characters support possible affinity to extant Ranunculaceae. However, Ranunculaecarpus is distinguished from modern members of the family by the persistence of the perianth in fruit, a smaller number of stamens (ca 10) than is typical, and pollen that is unlike that of any extant genera. Given that there are also similarities with Saxifragales, the systematic affinities of Ranunculaecarpus remain uncertain.
Determination of Melting Unit Productivity in Synthetic Fibrous Materials Production by Vertical Blowing Method
Authors: Sviatskii Vladislav , Božek Pavol , Sokolov Mikhail 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This paper presents the technology of production of synthetic fibrous materials from PET-raw by vertical blowing method. Fibre production by vertical blowing method is accompanied by complex and specific phenomena; therefore, development of new progressive technologies, high-performance machines and units for producing such materials is impossible without process modelling, which can significantly reduce the number of natural tests, cost and designing time and select optimal operating modes. Molten material motion in the melting unit of the hydrostatic type is determined by means of Poiseuille formula. Furthermore, the paper has proven that the melting unit has the greatest impact on process productivity by means of outlet radius and the pressure change of compressed air acting on the molten material surface. Increase in the height of the molten material column in the main cylindrical chamber of melting unit also leads to an increase in process productivity.
Influence of Rheological Properties of a Soil Layer Adjacent to the Working Body Cutting Element on the Mechanism of Soil Cultivation
Authors: Aulin Victor , Lyashuk Oleg , Tykhyi Andrii , Karpushyn Sergiy , Denysiuk Nadia 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
On the basis of rheological characteristics, stress fields and deformations, new methods of improving the mechanism of soil cultivation are substantiated in this article. The mechanism of soil destruction is observed. Paper investigates the process of changing the stressed-deformed state of the soil under the influence of the working body. To study the viscoelastic properties of black earth soil, the method of amplitude sweeping with a measuring system of parallel high planes was applied using a modular rheometer MCR-302 (Anton Paar, Austria). Range of linear viscoelasticity of virgin soil was found to reach 0.1% deformation; range of linear viscoelasticity of cultivated field area is smaller by an order of magnitude – to 0.02% deformation. Structure destruction (the point of equality of modules) of virgin soil occurs at 20% deformation; structure of long steam soil destructs at 8% deformation. Technique of measuring the isobar zones distribution in horizontal and vertical planes by means of special strain gauges of the LPX 5000 model was developed. To reproduce the force pattern of the working bodies’ effect on soil environment, the measuring complex MIC 400D is used; stress-strain state of the soil is defined.
Assessment of Human Capability, An Effective Tool to Obtain Confidence in the Visual Inspection Process
Authors: Simion Carmen 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
To consistently produce high quality products, a quality management system must be practically implemented in every organization. One of its core instrument is to ensure the capability of the measurement systems, which are the basis for decisions regarding the behavior of the product critical quality characteristics. Base on requirements of the quality management system, a Measurement System Analysis should be conducted for all measurement system which are mentioned in the organization quality plan. Most problematic measurement system issues come from measuring discrete data, which are usually the result of human judgment (subjective decision) when categorizing products such as good/bad (visual inspection). It was the aim of this paper to address such an issue presenting a case study made in a local company from the Sibiu region, in order to evaluate how capable are the appraisers to visually inspect steel chains. The results were analyzed using MINITAB statistical software with its module called Attribute Agreement Analysis. The conclusion was that the inspection process must be improved by operator training, developing visual aids/boundary samples, establishing standards and set-up procedures.
Crimping Profile Optimization on the Air Spring Using Finite Element Method
Authors: Rusu Gabriela-Petruta , Popp Mihai-Octavian , Bârsan Alexandru , Oleksik Mihaela 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Due to the fact that the requirements of the industry aim to improve the dynamics, the safety and the comfort during the use of the vehicles, it is recommended to use the finite element method for component quality optimization. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the current state of analysis through the finite element method of the crimping process used to assemble air springs produced in the automotive industry. Starting from the prototype of an air spring, the researches are focused on the study of the assembly of the piston with the bellow and the crimping ring through the crimping process. After analysis with the finite element method and static tests, improvements were made to the piston, the results of the tests revealing an improvement as opposed the original variant of the piston.
Numerical Methods for BVP’s Appearing in Nondestructive Ultrasonic Testing
Authors: Pop N. Daniel , Crăciunaş Gabriela 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In this article we studies BVP’s that can not be solved as P.V.I or BVP with Matlab solvers ODExx or BVPxx since the solutions do not have limit in 0. We propose a numerical algorithm based on Cubic-spline written in Maple 16 [4].
Methods and procedures for the processing of feather from poultry slaughterhouses and the application of feather meal as antioxidant
Authors: Csapó J. , Albert Cs. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The research subject is the elaboration of a method and procedure for processing feather from poultry slaughterhouses and using it as antioxidant as well as for satisfying the sulphurous amino acid needs of ruminants. We investigated the level of digestion of the meal feather obtained with our technology, its antioxidant effect and role in the rumen fermentation of the ruminants. Making use of the digested feather meal’s antioxidant effect and amino acid composition, we make a suggestion for the preparation to be used as antioxidant and for the satisfaction of the sulphurous amino acid needs of ruminants. By adopting this procedure, the valueless feather can be transformed into a useful feed supplement (natural antioxidant, sulphur source) that can bring about significant economic growth. Pre-trials have been performed successfully, and in what follows we’ll need to prove through field trials and pilot-scale experiments that feather meal can be produced and utilized economically as antioxidant in monogastric animals and as a sulphur source in the studying of ruminants.
Production of protected amino acids using the reaction between hydroxycarboxylic acids and amino acids as well as binding on the bentonite
Authors: Csapó J. , Albert Cs. , Kiss D. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We have developed methods for the production of protected methionine and protected lysine, making use of the reaction between citric acid and malic acid as well as methionine and lysine, on the one hand, and of the interaction between swollen bentonite and the two amino acids, on the other hand. Our in vivo and in vitro experiments have demonstrated that one part of the amino acids transformed during the reaction, while another part bound on the bentonite’s surface to a significant degree. Assisted by the reaction between hydroxycarboxylic acids and amino acids, we achieved a protection of about 75% for methionine and 60% for lysine, that is, 25% of the methionine and 40% of the lysine appeared in the free amino acid fraction. The swollen bentonite bound 75% of the added methionine and 60% of the added lysine. Our chemical analyses have demonstrated that through the time–temperature combinations applied by us the methionine and lysine do not undergo significant degradation and can be fully released from the protected form. Further, our in vitro experiments using rumen fluid from fistulated cattle showed that during the average retention time of the fodder in the rumen the protected amino acids will resist microbial enzymes and maintain their protected status during their presence in the rumen.
The role of selenium in nutrition – A review
Authors: Tóth R. Juhászné , Csapó J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe role of selenium has been changed over the last decade. The element that was previously considered to be toxic turned out to be present in the human body in amounts of 10–15 mg, and almost every cell of our body contains it. Selenium contributes to growth, supports healthy muscle activity, reproductive organs, reduces the toxicity of certain elements such as mercury, supports the immune system, and even delays the spread of certain viruses (influenza, Ebola, HIV). Selenium-deficient areas of Europe could be a risk for their populations. The recommended daily intake (RDA) of selenium is 55 µg/day, while WHO and FAO have set up the daily tolerable dose at 400 µg/day. We must count with the harmful effects of selenium overdose, but it is almost impossible to introduce this amount into our body solely with food. Our selenium sources can be refilled with food supplements or selenium-enriched functional foods. In the review article, we report about the role of selenium in the environment, selenium-enriched plants, selenium-enriched yeast, the role of selenium in animal feed and in the human body, the opportunities of selenium restoration, selenium-enriched animal products, and the selenium content of milk.
An Inference System of an Extension of Floyd-Hoare Logic for Partial Predicates
Authors: Ivanov Ievgen , Korniłowicz Artur , Nikitchenko Mykola 
Published: January 2019

Summary
In the paper we give a formalization in the Mizar system [2, 1] of the rules of an inference system for an extended Floyd-Hoare logic with partial pre- and post-conditions which was proposed in [7, 9]. The rules are formalized on the semantic level. The details of the approach used to implement this formalization are described in [5].
We formalize the notion of a semantic Floyd-Hoare triple (for an extended Floyd-Hoare logic with partial pre- and post-conditions) [5] which is a triple of a pre-condition represented by a partial predicate, a program, represented by a partial function which maps data to data, and a post-condition, represented by a partial predicate, which informally means that if the pre-condition on a program’s input data is defined and true, and the program’s output after a run on this data is defined (a program terminates successfully), and the post-condition is defined on the program’s output, then the post-condition is true.
We formalize and prove the soundness of the rules of the inference system [9, 7] for such semantic Floyd-Hoare triples. For reasoning about sequential composition of programs and while loops we use the rules proposed in [3].
The formalized rules can be used for reasoning about sequential programs, and in particular, for sequential programs on nominative data [4]. Application of these rules often requires reasoning about partial predicates representing preand post-conditions which can be done using the formalized results on the Kleene algebra of partial predicates given in [8].