bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of sustainable human resource practices in influencing employee behavior for corporate sustainability
Authors: Pellegrini Chiara , Rizzi Francesco , Frey Marco 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article theorizes and empirically tests the relationship between employee perceptions of human resource practices and their propensity to adopt sustainable behavior (SB) to support organizational change for sustainability. Informed by the literature on corporate greening and organizational behaviour, we developed a structural equation model that links frontline employee perceptions of internal sustainability orientation, supervisory support, training and reward systems to their propensity to adopt in‐role and extra‐role SB. Furthermore, we investigated the mediating role of “affective commitment to change” with regard to the relationships between human resource practices and SB. Our results show that when sustainability is valued and promoted by the organization and line managers, employees are more likely to internalize and make sense of sustainability, which is subsequently reflected in a higher commitment to adopt SB. Although we also expected that training and rewards would strengthen commitment and willingness to adopt in‐role and extra‐role SB, rewards appeared to have no effect, and training affected willingness to adopt in‐role sustainable behaviour only when mediated by affective commitment. These results provide scholars of corporate sustainability and managers with evidence‐based insights on how to design HR practices and strategies to enhance employees' commitment and behaviour supporting organizational change for sustainability.
The role of institutional pressures in the introduction of energy‐efficiency innovations
Authors: Garrone Paola , Grilli Luca , Mrkajic Boris 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRelying on the institutional and innovation theories, we argue that the institutional features of countries are significantly influencing energy‐efficiency innovation (EEI), a relevant and particular type of environmental innovation activities. Analysis of a cross‐sectional sample of 22,936 firms from nine European countries, drawn from the 2006–8 Community Innovation Survey, confirms the hypothesis that formal and informal institutions influence the propensity of firms to introduce EEIs in general. Furthermore, formal institutions that generate regulatory pressures are found to spur both product and process EEI activities, while informal institutions exerting social pressures are able to significantly drive only product EEI activities. Large firms appear to be relatively more reactive to high regulatory pressures. We draw implications for policy‐makers and managers based on the findings.
A Reversible Redox Reaction in a Keggin Polyoxometalate Crystal Driven by Visible Light: A Programmable Solid‐State Photochromic Switch
Authors: Tandekar Kesar , Garai Somenath , Supriya Sabbani 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe colourless crystals of (PPh4)3[PW12O40]⋅3 C3H7NO (1) are converted to the dark blue crystals of {(PPh4)3[PW12O40]⋅3C3H7NO}0.85{(PPh4)3 (C3H7NO)+.[PWVWVI11O40]−⋅2C3H7NO)}0.15 (2) upon irradiation with visible light in an interesting single crystal to single crystal transformation. This photochromic conversion is accompanied by the reduction of concerned Keggin anion from {PWVI12} to {PWVWVI11}. This redox conversion is characterized by various spectroscopic techniques including single crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. The photochromic properties of compound 1 can be controlled reversibly through the dimethylformamide (DMF) molecule as a function of temperature and proton exposure in a gas‐solid reaction. The present work can be described as a new concept of programmable photochromism with the formation of photochromic pockets in crystalline 1 host (solid state), wherein a solvent can be plugged at a time to show light induced coloration.
Influence of Physicochemical Properties of Lipopeptide Adjuvants on the Immune Response: A Rationale for Engineering a Potent Vaccine
Authors: Eskandari Sharareh , Pattinson David J. , Stephenson Rachel J. , Groves Penny L. , Apte Simon H. , Sedaghat Bita , Chandurudu Saranya , Doolan Denise L. , Toth Istvan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAdjuvant development and understanding the physicochemical properties of particles and interpreting the subsequent immunological responses is a challenge faced by many researchers in the vaccine field. We synthesized and investigated the physicochemical properties and immunogenicity of a library of multiple epitope self‐adjuvant lipopeptides in a novel asymmetric arrangement. Vaccine candidates were synthesized using a combination of solid‐phase peptide synthesis and copper‐mediated click chemistry. In vivo studies showed that vaccine constructs containing a single OVA CD8+ T‐cell epitope and two N‐terminally located C16 lipid moieties were more effective at generating robust cellular immune responses compared to the same molecule containing multiple copies of the OVA CD8+ T‐cell epitope with or without the C16 moieties. Furthermore, attachment of the two C16 lipids to the N‐terminus provoked formation of long β‐sheet fibrils and was shown to induce a higher CD8+ donor T‐cell frequency and IFN‐γ secretion, compared to vaccine constructs with an internal lipid placement. A regression analysis indicated that particle secondary structure had a significant impact on CD8+ donor T‐cell frequency and cytolytic activity. In addition, IFN‐γ production was influenced significantly by particle shape. The findings of this research will impact the future design of a vaccine intended to elicit cellular immune responses.
Tetraacylstannanes as Long‐Wavelength Visible‐Light Photoinitiators with Intriguing Low Toxicity
Authors: Radebner Judith , Eibel Anna , Leypold Mario , Jungwirth Nina , Pickl Thomas , Torvisco Ana , Fischer Roland , Fischer Urs Karl , Moszner Norbert , Gescheidt Georg , Stueger Harald , Haas Michael 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe first tetraacylstannanes Sn[(CO)R]4 (R=2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl (1 a) and 2,6‐dimethylphenyl (1 b)), a class of highly efficient Sn‐based photoinitiators, were synthesized. The formation of these derivatives was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and X‐ray crystallography. The UV/Vis absorption spectra of 1 a, b reveal a significant redshift of the longest wavelength absorption compared to the corresponding germanium compounds. In contrast to the known toxicity of organotin derivatives, the AMES test and cytotoxicity studies reveal intriguing low toxicity. The excellent performance of 1 as photoinitiators is demonstrated by photobleaching (UV/Vis) and NMR/CIDNP investigations, as well as photo‐DSC studies.
Increasing prevalence of human papillomavirus–positive oropharyngeal cancers among older adults
Authors: Windon Melina J. , D'Souza Gypsyamber , Rettig Eleni M. , Westra William H. , van Zante Annemieke , Wang Steven J. , Ryan William R. , Mydlarz Wojciech K. , Ha Patrick K. , Miles Brett A. , Koch Wayne , Gourin Christine , Eisele David W. , Fakhry Carole 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUNDThe incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is increasing among older adults. It is unknown whether these trends can be explained by human papillomavirus (HPV) and whether HPV‐related tumors remain associated with an improved prognosis among older patients.METHODSIn a retrospective study of OPSCCs diagnosed from 1995 to 2013 at 2 National Comprehensive Cancer Network–designated cancer centers, p16 immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization (ISH) for HPV‐16, high‐risk DNA, and/or E6/E7 RNA were performed. The median age at diagnosis was compared by p16 and ISH tumor status. Trends in age were analyzed with nonparametric trends. Survival was analyzed with the Kaplan‐Meier method and Cox proportional hazards models.RESULTSAmong 239 patients, 144 (60%) were p16‐positive. During 1998‐2013, the median age increased among p16‐positive patients (Ptrend = .01) but not among p16‐negative patients (Ptrend = .71). The median age of p16‐positive patients increased from 53 years (interquartile range [IQR] in 1995‐2000, 45‐65 years) to 58 years (IQR for 2001‐2013, 53‐64 years). Among patients ≥ 65 years old, the proportion of OPSCCs that were p16‐positive increased from 41% during 1995‐2000 to 75% during 2007‐2013 (Ptrend = .04). Among all age groups, including older patients, a p16‐positive tumor status conferred improved overall survival in comparison with a p16‐negative status.CONCLUSIONSThe median age at diagnosis for HPV‐related OPSCC is increasing as the proportion of OPSCCs caused by HPV rises among older adults. The favorable survival conferred by an HPV‐positive tumor status persists in older adults. Cancer 2018;124:2993‐9. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Accidental and Programmed Cell Death in Investigative and Toxicologic Pathology
Authors: Radi Zaher A. , Stewart Zachary S. , O'Neil Shawn P. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCellular development and homeostasis are regulated via programmed cell death (PCD; apoptosis), which is a genetically regulated cellular process. Accidental cell death (ACD; necrosis) can be triggered by chemical, physical, or mechanical stress. Necrosis is the presence of dead tissues or cells in a living organism regardless of the initiating process and can be observed in infectious and non‐infectious diseases and toxicities. This article describes tissue‐based immunohistotechnical protocols used for assessing PCD and necrosis in formalin‐fixed tissues obtained from preclinical species used in investigative and toxicologic pathology. Two commonly employed protocols for the identification of PCD and necrosis are described in this article: immunohistochemistry (IHC) for cleaved caspase 3, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labeling (TUNEL). TUNEL has been used to detect DNA fragmentation by labeling the terminal ends of nucleic acids in necrotic and apoptotic cells. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Semantic segmentation of mFISH images using convolutional networks
Authors: Pardo Esteban , Morgado José Mário T. , Malpica Norberto 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMulticolor in situ hybridization (mFISH) is a karyotyping technique used to detect major chromosomal alterations using fluorescent probes and imaging techniques. Manual interpretation of mFISH images is a time consuming step that can be automated using machine learning; in previous works, pixel or patch wise classification was employed, overlooking spatial information which can help identify chromosomes. In this work, we propose a fully convolutional semantic segmentation network for the interpretation of mFISH images, which uses both spatial and spectral information to classify each pixel in an end‐to‐end fashion. The semantic segmentation network developed was tested on samples extracted from a public dataset using cross validation. Despite having no labeling information of the image it was tested on, our algorithm yielded an average correct classification ratio (CCR) of 87.41%. Previously, this level of accuracy was only achieved with state of the art algorithms when classifying pixels from the same image in which the classifier has been trained. These results provide evidence that fully convolutional semantic segmentation networks may be employed in the computer aided diagnosis of genetic diseases with improved performance over the current image analysis methods. © 2018 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Inhibitors of elastase stimulate murine B lymphocyte differentiation into IgG‐ and IgA‐producing cells
Authors: Attia Zayed , Rowe John C. , Kim Eunsoo , Varikuti Sanjay , Steiner Haley E. , Zaghawa Ahmad , Hassan Hany , Cormet‐Boyaka Estelle , Satoskar Abhay R. , Boyaka Prosper N. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIt is well established that dendritic cells and macrophages play a role in antigen presentation to B and T cells and in shaping B and T cell responses via cytokines they produce. We have previously reported that depletion of neutrophils improves the production of mucosal IgA after sublingual immunization with Bacillus anthracis edema toxin as adjuvant. These past studies also demonstrated that an inverse correlation exists between the number of neutrophils and production of IgA by B cells. Using specific inhibitors of elastase, we addressed whether the elastase activity of neutrophil could be the factor that interferes with production of IgA and possibly other immunoglobulin isotypes. We found that murine splenocytes and mesenteric lymph node cells cultured for 5 days in the presence of neutrophil elastase inhibitors secreted higher levels of IgG and IgA than cells cultured in the absence of inhibitors. The effect of the inhibitors was dose‐dependent and was consistent with increased frequency of CD138+ cells expressing IgG or IgA. Finally, neutrophil elastase inhibitors increased transcription of mRNA for AID, IL‐10, BAFF and APRIL, factors involved in B cell differentiation. These findings identify inhibitors of elastase as potential adjuvants for increasing production of antibodies.
Perineural invasion: Independent prognostic factor in oral cancer that warrants adjuvant treatment
Authors: Nair Deepa , Mair Manish , Singhvi Hitesh , Mishra Aseem , Nair Sudhir , Agrawal Jaiprakash , Chaturvedi Pankaj 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundControversy exists regarding the administration of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) when perineural invasion (PNI) is the only adverse histological feature. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of PNI on the survival of patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).MethodsA retrospective study of 1524 treatment naive patients with oral cavity SCC who underwent surgery from January 2012 to March 2015 was conducted. Survival analysis was performed using Cox regression model.ResultsThe incidence of PNI was 20.3% and higher in tongue cancers (odds ratio 2.43). The PNI significantly affected both disease‐free survival (DFS; hazard ratio [HR] 1.84) as well as overall survival (OS; HR 1.7). Patients with early node‐negative oral cavity SCC with PNI are more likely to develop recurrences and have mortality (HR 2.79 for DFS; HR 2.54 for OS). However, the addition of adjuvant radiation in these patients showed improvement in survival (p = .022). Forest plot analysis showed a trend toward poor survival across all subgroups in patients with PNI.ConclusionAggressive treatment of the primary cancer with the coincident management of the neck is important in the presence of PNI. The PNI worsens survival and warrants intensification of adjuvant treatment.
Three‐dimensional porous poly(propylene fumarate)‐co‐poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) scaffolds for tissue engineering
Authors: Wu Wei , Liu Xifeng , Zhou Zifei , Miller A. Lee , Lu Lichun 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThree‐dimensional structural scaffolds have played an important role in tissue engineering, especially broad applications in areas such as regenerative medicine. We have developed novel biodegradable porous poly(propylene fumarate)‐co‐poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PPF‐co‐PLGA) scaffolds using thermally induced phase separation, and determined the effects of critical parameters such as copolymer concentration (6, 8, and 10 wt %) and the binary solvent ratio of dioxane:water (78/22, 80/20, 82/18 wt/wt %) on the fabrication process. The cloud‐point temperatures of PPF‐co‐PLGA changed in parallel with increasing copolymer concentration, but inversely with increasing dioxane content. The compressive moduli of the scaffolds increased with greater weight composition and dioxane:water ratio. Scaffolds formed using high copolymer concentrations and solvent ratios exhibited preferable biomineralization. All samples showed biodegradation capability in both accelerated solution and phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS). Cell toxicity testing indicated that the scaffolds had good biocompatibility with bone and nerve cells, which adhered well to the scaffolds. Variations in the copolymer concentration and solvent ratio exercised a remarkable influence on morphology, mechanical properties, biomineralization, and biodegradation, but not on the cell viability and adhesion of the cross‐linked scaffolds. An 8 to 10 wt % solute concentration and 80/20 to 82/18 wt/wt dioxane:water ratio were the optimum parameters for scaffold fabrication. PPF‐co‐PLGA scaffolds thus possess several promising prospects for tissue engineering applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A:2507–2517, 2018.
Nanofibers as novel platform for high‐functional ion exchangers
Authors: Zhang Shaoling , Tanioka Akihiko , Matsumoto Hidetoshi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNanofibers have unique functionalities based on their nanoscaled cross‐section, high specific surface area, and high molecular orientation inside the fibers. These functionalities can be improved by controlling their diameter, surface and internal structures. The introduction of ion‐exchange sites on the surface and/or inside the nanofibers provides novel high‐functional ion‐exchangers with high surface areas, high ion‐exchange and adsorption capacities, and high ionic conductivities. The present review highlights the fundamental aspects of ion‐exchange nanofibers (i.e. their size‐dependent unique properties and production methods) and their recent advances in the environment and energy applications (i.e. separation/purification processes and fuel cells). © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Subdivisions of oriented cycles in digraphs with large chromatic number
Authors: Cohen Nathann , Havet Frédéric , Lochet William , Nisse Nicolas 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAn oriented cycle is an orientation of a undirected cycle. We first show that for any oriented cycle C, there are digraphs containing no subdivision of C (as a subdigraph) and arbitrarily large chromatic number. In contrast, we show that for any C a cycle with two blocks, every strongly connected digraph with sufficiently large chromatic number contains a subdivision of C. We prove a similar result for the antidirected cycle on four vertices (in which two vertices have out‐degree 2 and two vertices have in‐degree 2).
Size of the largest induced forest in subcubic graphs of girth at least four and five
Authors: Kelly Tom , Liu Chun‐Hung 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this article, we address the maximum number of vertices of induced forests in subcubic graphs with girth at least four or five. We provide a unified approach to prove that every 2‐connected subcubic graph on n vertices and m edges with girth at least four or five, respectively, has an induced forest on at least or vertices, respectively, except for finitely many exceptional graphs. Our results improve a result of Liu and Zhao and are tight in the sense that the bounds are attained by infinitely many 2‐connected graphs. Equivalently, we prove that such graphs admit feedback vertex sets with size at most or , respectively. Those exceptional graphs will be explicitly constructed, and our result can be easily modified to drop the 2‐connectivity requirement.
Radiosynthesis of microtubule‐targeted theranostic methyl N‐[5‐(3’‐radiohalobenzoyl)‐1H‐benzimidazol‐2‐yl]carbamates
Authors: Kortylewicz Zbigniew P. , Baranowska‐Kortylewicz Janina 
Published: April 2018

Microtubules are a target for a broad spectrum of drugs used as chemotherapeutics to treat hematological malignancies and solid tumors. Most of these drugs have significant dose‐limiting toxicities including peripheral neuropathies that can be debilitating and permanent. In an ongoing effort to develop safer and more effective drugs, benzimidazole‐based compounds are being developed as replacement for vincristine and similar agents. In this report, we describe radiosyntheses of novel microtubule‐targeting methyl N‐[5‐(3’‐radiohalobenzoyl)‐1H‐benzimidazol‐2‐yl]carbamates 4 that are intended as potential imaging agents and molecular radiotherapeutics. 125I‐ and 131I‐radiolabeled derivatives were prepared either by direct radioiodination of methyl N‐(6‐benzoyl‐1H‐benzimidazol‐2‐yl)carbamate 1 or radioiododestannylation of the corresponding stannane precursor 3. The direct radioiodination was conducted in a solution of 1 in triflic acid and produced after ~1 hour at elevated temperatures and HPLC purification on average 62% of the no‐carrier added products 125I‐4 and 131I‐4. Radioiododestannylation of 3’‐trimethylstannane 3 proceeded with ease at room temperature in the presence of H2O2 as the oxidant and produced no‐carrier‐added 125I‐4 and 131I‐4 in high isolated yields, on average 85%. The radiohalodestannylation protocol is universal and can be applied to other radiohalides including 124I to produce 124I‐4, a positron emission tomography agent, and 211At to produce 211At‐4, an α‐particle emitting radiotherapeutic.
Analysis of diffusion tensor measurements of the human cervical spinal cord based on semiautomatic segmentation of the white and gray matter
Authors: Dostál Marek , Keřkovský Miloš , Korit′áková Eva , Němcová Eva , Stulík Jakub , Staňková Monika , Bernard Vladan 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundSegmentation of the gray and white matter (GM, WM) of the human spinal cord in MRI images as well as the analysis of spinal cord diffusivity are challenging. When appropriately segmented, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the spinal cord might be beneficial in the diagnosis and prognosis of several diseases.PurposeTo evaluate the applicability of a semiautomatic algorithm provided by ITK‐SNAP in classification mode (CLASS) for segmenting cervical spinal cord GM, WM in MRI images and analyzing DTI parameters.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsTwenty healthy volunteers.Sequences1.5T, turbo spin echo, fast field echo, single‐shot echo planar imaging.AssessmentThree raters segmented the tissues by manual, CLASS, and atlas‐based methods (Spinal Cord Toolbox, SCT) on T2‐weighted and DTI images. Masks were quantified by similarity and distance metrics, then analyzed for repeatability and mutual comparability. Masks created over T2 images were registered into diffusion space and fractional anisotropy (FA) values were statistically evaluated for dependency on method, rater, or tissue.Statistical Testst‐test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), coefficient of variation, Dice coefficient, Hausdorff distance.ResultsCLASS segmentation reached better agreement with manual segmentation than did SCT (P < 0.001). Intra‐ and interobserver repeatability of SCT was better for GM and WM (both P < 0.001) but comparable with CLASS in entire spinal cord segmentation (P = 0.17 and P = 0.07, respectively). While FA values of whole spinal cord were not influenced by choice of segmentation method, both semiautomatic methods yielded lower FA values (P < 0.005) for GM than did the manual technique (mean differences 0.02 and 0.04 for SCT and CLASS, respectively). Repeatability of FA values for all methods was sufficient, with mostly less than 2% variance.Data ConclusionThe presented semiautomatic method in combination with the proposed approach to data registration and analyses of spinal cord diffusivity can potentially be used as an alternative to atlas‐based segmentation.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1217–1227.