bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilizing kitchen steamers to inactivate Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica on whole cantaloupe melons
Authors: Kim Chyer , Pao Steven 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCantaloupes contaminated with Listeria and Salmonella have caused large scale of foodborne illness outbreaks in recent years. Prior research has shown that heat treatment can be used to reduce microbial contaminates on fruit surfaces. However, no study has evaluated the use of kitchen steamers for inactivating foodborne pathogens on cantaloupes. The purpose of this study was to test the sanitization efficacy of three models of electrical kitchen steamers (steamer‐A, ‐B, and ‐C) for eliminating foodborne pathogens on cantaloupe surfaces. Fresh cantaloupes were spot‐inoculated with Listeria monocytogens or Salmonella enterica and kept at 4 or 22 °C for a day before steam treatment for ≤100 s. Test results show that the surface of nonrefrigerated cantaloupes can be decontaminated (with ≥5.0 log reduction) within 60 s using any of the tested steamers. For refrigerated fruits (4 °C), however, only two steamers (steamer‐B and ‐C) decontaminated the cantaloupes within 60 s and they were unable to render the pathogens undetected in enriched samples. Salmonella was more susceptible than Listeria to steam treatment. In conclusion, electrical kitchen steamers can be utilized by consumers to sanitize whole cantaloupes prior to consumption. However, fruit temperature and steamer selection can influence the heating time required for surface sanitization.Practical applicationsMelons with netted rind surfaces, such as cantaloupes, likely have caused more outbreaks because their surface shelters pathogens from being eliminated by conventional washing and sanitization. As whole melons marketed at retail stores typically are not treated due to shelf‐life considerations, the safety of untreated melons can be of concern to consumers, especially among at‐risk populations. This study focused on the evaluation of the use of commercially available kitchen steamers in eliminating foodborne pathogens on cantaloupe surfaces. This study showed that kitchen steamers can be utilized to sanitize whole cantaloupes and also at household level, be a highly beneficial for the average concerned consumer to reduce the risk of pathogens on produce before consumption.
Visualisation of the vomerovaginal canal during endonasal transpterygoid approaches and CT imaging diagnosis
Authors: Meng Qing‐Guo , Lu Yong‐Tian , Wang Chun‐Xia , Tan Sui‐Ping , Wei Ming‐Hui 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe vomerovaginal canal (VVC) and palatovaginal canal (PVC) are two canals that open forward to the posterior wall of the pterygopalatine fossa (PPF). Although the anatomy and computed tomography (CT) appearances of the PVC have been well studied, the VVC has been rarely reported, especially in endoscopic examinations. Some studies have even failed to distinguish the PVC from the VVC on CT images. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the anatomy of the VVC on endoscopy and reveal its differences from the PVC, and to analyse the relative positions of the VVC, PVC, and pterygoid canal on CT images. Ten dry skull bases were studied to observe the structures involved in the formation of the VVC. Dissection of four cadaveric heads was performed to demonstrate the anatomy of the VVC on endoscopy. Coronal CT image analysis in 70 patients was conducted to evaluate the distances and relative positions between the VVC, PVC, and pterygoid canal. The PVC and VVC were also compared on axial CT images. The osteological study showed the top wall of the VVC was the antero‐inferior wall of the sphenoid sinus. The VVC may be a helpful landmark in endoscopic endonasal transpterygoid approaches. Steps and discrimination in the dissections of the VVC and PVC were described. The interval between the PVC and VVC could be observed on both coronal and axial CT images. The coronal CT images of patients showed differences in the positions and distances among the three canals at both the anterior and posterior apertures of the PVC. The VVC can be easily mistaken for the PVC if its existence is not suspected. The anatomical morphologies and trajectories of the VVC and PVC differed on both nasal endoscopy and CT. The existence of the VVC should be considered during surgery and CT diagnosis within this area.
Treatment of skin soft tissue embolism after hyaluronic acid injection for injection rhinoplasty in Asian patients
Authors: Ouyang Hua‐Wei , Li Gao‐Feng , Zhu Yi , Lei Ying , Gold Michael H. , Tan Jun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe purpose of this manuscript is to investigate the treatment of skin soft tissue embolization or vascular occlusion after the injection of hyaluronic acid (HA) for Injection Rhinoplasty (IR) in Asians with a special interest in the time occurrence of the occlusion.MethodsA total of 35 cases were evaluated after receiving HA injections for IR who presented with a vascular occlusive event. They were divided into three stages based on the time to embolization. Immediate, ≤5 hours; early, ≤3 days; and late, >3 days. There were two cases of immediate, 28 deemed early, and five late. Methods to prevent tissue necrosis are reviewed in the manuscript based on these stages.ResultsSkin color gradually recovered to normal after 11 treatments in 11 patients with mild embolization. No ischemic aggravation or skin necrosis was observed in 19 patients with moderate embolization; red scarring was seen in two and hypertrophic scar with uneven skin color in one patient. The five patients in the severe category had longer healing, more red scars, and more hypertrophic scarring.ConclusionThe treatment of skin soft tissue embolization or vascular occlusion after HA IR in Asians can be effected by identifying the stage and degree of embolization and treating appropriately with the outlines presented in this manuscript.
Persistent gamma delta T‐cell dysfunction in chronic HCV infection despite direct‐acting antiviral therapy induced cure
Authors: Ghosh Alip , Mondal Rajiv K. , Romani Sara , Bagchi Shashwatee , Cairo Cristiana , Pauza Charles David , Kottilil Shyamasundaran , Poonia Bhawna 
Published: May 2019

AbstractImmune dysfunction is a hallmark of chronic HCV infection and viral clearance with direct antivirals recover some of these immune defects. TCRVγ9Vδ2 T‐cell dysfunction in treated HCV patients however is not well studied and was the subject of this investigation. Peripheral blood cells from patients who had achieved sustained virologic response (SVR) or those who had relapsed after interferon‐free therapy were phenotyped using flow cytometry. Functional potential of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells was tested by measuring proliferation in response to aminobisphosphonate zoledronic acid, and cytotoxicity against HepG2 hepatoma cell line. TCR sequencing was performed to analyse impact of HCV infection on Vδ2 T‐cell repertoire. Vγ9Vδ2 cells from patients were activated and therapy resulted in reduction of CD38 expression on these cells in SVR group. Relapsed patients had Vδ2 cells with persistently activated and terminally differentiated cytotoxic phenotype (CD38+CD45RA+CD27−CD107a+). Irrespective of outcome with therapy, majority of patients had persistently poor Vδ2 T‐cell proliferative response to zoledronate along with lower expression of CD56, which identifies anti‐tumour cytotoxic subset, relative to healthy controls. There was no association between the number of antigen reactive Vγ2‐Jγ1.2 TCR rearrangements at baseline and levels of proliferation indicating nonresponse to zoledronate is not due to depletion of phosphoantigen responding chains. Thus, HCV infection results in circulating Vγ9Vδ2 T cells with a phenotype equipped for immediate effector function but poor cytokine response and expansion in response to antigen, a functional defect that may have implications for susceptibility for carcinogenesis despite HCV cure.
The role of metaphor in communication and thought
Authors: Thibodeau Paul H. , Matlock Teenie , Flusberg Stephen J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMetaphor is pervasive in everyday communication. It is known to help people understand complex topics, communicate efficiently, and influence others. In this paper, we provide a review of the literature on the utility of metaphor, describing key findings and controversies while underscoring recent experimental and theoretical advances. We begin with a brief introduction to metaphor and offer a critical assessment of the claim that conventional metaphors in language reflect underlying conceptual representations and processing, a view associated with Lakoff and Johnson's groundbreaking conceptual metaphor theory (CMT). We then discuss recent research that examines whether and how metaphor shapes attitudes and reasoning, outlining some of the cognitive, affective, and social forces that moderate the efficacy of metaphors on decision making. Throughout the paper, we highlight theoretical implications of the research and identify challenges that warrant further investigation in the study of metaphor. In the end, this work paints a complex and dynamic view of metaphor in communication and cognition.
Comparison of the renal cortex and the medulla for antibody mediated rejection
Authors: Unlu Mehtat , Yildiz Serkan , Ellidokuz Hulya , Sarioglu Sulen 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe presence of the peritubular capillaritis and its extent are important for diagnosis of the antibody‐mediated rejection in kidneys. However, it is recommended that peritubular capillaritis should only be scored in the cortex. This study aims to focus on peritubular capillaritis scoring both in the cortex and the medulla to understand the value of the medulla in the diagnosis of antibody‐mediated rejection.MethodsFifty‐one allograft renal biopsy were re‐evaluated for peritubular capillaritis, C4d and acute tubular injury, separately for the cortex and the medulla according to the Banff.ResultsSeventeen cases (33.3%) had peritubular capillaritis both in the cortex and the medulla and three (5.9%) cases had peritubular capillaritis only in the cortex while five (9.8%) cases had only in the medulla. Eighteen (35%) of the cases had C4d staining both in the cortex and the medulla and 14 (27.5%) cases had C4d positivity only in the cortex and 18 (35.3%) cases only in the medulla. Twenty‐three (45%) cases had acute tubular injury both in the cortex and the medulla and 31 (60.7%) cases had acute tubular injury only in the cortex and 23 (45.1%) cases had only in the medulla. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of medullar peritubular capillaritis predicting cortical peritubular capillaritis were 85.7%, 86.7%, 81.8% and 89.7%, respectively.ConclusionIn case of absence of the cortical tissue, medulla can be used as a reference for antibody‐mediated rejection considering the morphological features, results of donor‐specific antibody and renal function tests.
Varieties of Cognitive Integration
Authors: Carter J. Adam , Kallestrup Jesper 
Published: May 2019

AbstractExtended cognition theorists argue that cognitive processes constitutively depend on resources that are neither organically composed, nor located inside the bodily boundaries of the agent, provided certain conditions on the integration of those processes into the agent's cognitive architecture are met. Epistemologists, however, worry that in so far as such cognitively integrated processes are epistemically relevant, agents could thus come to enjoy an untoward explosion of knowledge. This paper develops and defends an approach to cognitive integration—cluster‐model functionalism—which finds application in both domains of inquiry, and which meets the challenge posed by putative cases of cognitive or epistemic bloat.
Examination of rare genetic variants in dental enamel genes: The potential role of next‐generation sequencing in primary dental care
Authors: Farrow Emily , Rengasamy Venugopalan Shankar , Thiffault Isabelle , Saunders Carol 
Published: May 2019

Structured AbstractObjectivesTo examine the potential role of next‐generation sequencing (NGS) and genetic testing to guide preventive care in dental enamel disorders using publicly available databases to access the frequency of deleterious alleles in AMTN, AMLEX and ENAM, associated with amelogenesis imperfecta (AI).Setting and Sample PopulationPublic resources, including gnomAD (The Broad Institute) and the Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine's warehouse, which together contain variants from nearly 145 000 exomes and genomes.Material & MethodsPublic resources, including sequencing data from ~145 000 exomes and genomes were queried for predicted loss of function variants with a minor allele frequency <1% in AMTN, AMLEX and ENAM.ResultsA total of 95 variants were identified in the combined dataset. If confirmed, this could be diagnostic for autosomal dominant AI.ConclusionsThe rapid integration of NGS into clinical care allows for the expansion of genetic testing for disorders that are not currently tested routinely, including non‐syndromic dental enamel disorders. A genotypic‐driven diagnosis of a disorder of enamel development could impact dental care, especially in young children, including early and more frequent monitoring to prevent complications. As new gene‐disease associations continue to emerge, including those for common and non‐syndromic craniofacial disorders, the possibility of genomic‐guided precision medicine and dentistry and the development of targeted, individualized therapeutics into standard clinical care will increase substantially.
Night‐time autonomic nervous system ultradian cycling and masticatory muscle activity
Authors: Iwasaki Laura R. , Gallo Luigi M. , Markova Michala , Erni Stefan , Liu Hongzeng , Nickel Jeff C. 
Published: May 2019

Structured AbstractObjectivesTo test if there was a correlation between night‐time masticatory muscle activity, as measured by duty factors, and ultradian cycling of autonomic nervous system (ANS) spectral powers in subjects without temporomandibular disorder (TMD)‐related pain.Setting and Sample PopulationThe University of Missouri‐Kansas City School of Dentistry. Three women and four men of average ages 38 ±8 and 56 ± 17 years, respectively, gave informed consent to participate.Material and MethodsInvestigators taught subjects to record heart (electrocardiography, ECG) and masticatory muscle activities (electromyography, EMG). ECG recordings were analysed for ANS ultradian cycling by a polynomial fit to the ratio of sympathetic and parasympathetic spectral powers (ms2). Masseter and temporalis EMG recordings were analysed over 20‐minute epochs around peaks and valleys in the ANS ultradian cycles. Duty factors (% time of masticatory muscle activity/20‐minute epoch) were determined relative to average threshold EMG (TEMG) required to produce a given bite force (N). Regression analyses quantified relationships between normalized muscle duty factors and ANS spectral powers.ResultsSubjects made a total of 27 sets of night‐time ECG and EMG recordings that averaged 6.6 ± 1.1 hours per recording. Highest average duty factors were associated with TEMG of 1‐2 N and showed cumulative masseter and temporalis activities of 9.2 and 8.8 seconds/20‐minute epoch, respectively. Normalized masticatory muscle duty factors showed non‐linear relationships with normalized sympathetic (R2 = +0.82), parasympathetic (R2 = −0.70) and sympathetic/parasympathetic spectral powers (R2 = +0.75).ConclusionsNight‐time ANS spectral powers showed ultradian cycling and were correlated with masseter and temporalis muscle activities in adult subjects without TMD.
Associations of pretreatment parameters with changes during orthodontic treatment
Authors: Kortam Sahira , Deguchi Toru , Geuy Paul , Johnston William M. , Fields Henry W. , Palomo Juan M. , Kim Do‐Gyoon 
Published: May 2019

Structured AbstractObjectivesTo examine whether pretreatment conditions of a patient can determine alveolar bone changes after orthodontic treatment.Setting and Sample PopulationCone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were obtained from 44 patients (17 male and 27 female, 14.02 ± 1.29 years).Material and MethodsBuccal bone height (BBH), buccal bone thickness (BBT), and molar angulation (MA) of right and left maxillary molars and intermolar distance (ID) were measured using the CBCT images obtained before and after orthodontic treatment using conventional brackets and self‐ligating conventional brackets.ResultsThere was a significant change only in BBH after treatment. All posttreatment parameters had significant positive correlations with the corresponding pretreatment parameters (r2 = 0.376‐0.719, P < 0.001). Most of the changes had significant negative correlations with the corresponding pretreatment parameter (r2 = 0.054‐0.249, P < 0.03). The results were not significantly influenced by the different bracket types.ConclusionThe current findings suggest that the CBCT‐based morphological information about dentition and oral bone conditions of patients can provide a better pretreatment plan to estimate the results of orthodontic treatment.
Remineralization of demineralized dentin using a dual analog system
Authors: Saxena Neha , Habelitz Stefan , Marshall Grayson W. , Gower Laurie B. 
Published: May 2019

Structured AbstractObjectiveImproved methods are needed to remineralize dentin caries in order to promote conservation of dentin tissue and minimize the surgical interventions that are currently required for clinical treatment. Here, we test the hypothesis that bulk substrates can be effectively mineralized via a dual analog system proposed by others, using a tripolyphosphate (TPP) “templating analog” and a poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) or poly(aspartic acid) (pAsp) “sequestration analog,” the latter of which generates the polymer‐induced liquid‐precursor (PILP) mineralization process studied in our laboratory.Material & MethodsDemineralized human dentin slices were remineralized with and without pre‐treatment with TPP, using either PAA or pAsp as the PILP process‐directing agent. A control experiment with no polymer present was used for comparison.ResultsNo mineralization was observed in any of the PAA groups. In both the pAsp and no polymer groups, TPP inhibited mineralization on the surfaces of the specimens but promoted mineralization within the interiors. Pre‐treatment with TPP enhanced overall mineralization of the pAsp group. However, when analysed via TEM, regions with little mineral were still present.ConclusionPoly(acrylic acid) was unable to remineralize demineralized dentin slices under the conditions employed, even when pre‐treated with TPP. However, pre‐treatment with TPP enhanced overall mineralization of specimens that were PILP‐remineralized using pAsp.
Analysis of facial skeletal asymmetry during foetal development using μCT imaging
Authors: Katsube Motoki , Rolfe Sara M. , Bortolussi Stephanie R. , Yamaguchi Yutaka , Richman Joy M. , Yamada Shigehito , Vora Siddharth R. 
Published: May 2019

Structured AbstractObjectivesAsymmetry has been noted in the human craniofacial region in several pathological conditional and growth abnormalities, often with a directional predilection. Physiological asymmetry has also been reported in normal adults and adolescents, with certain regions of the cranioskeleton, such as the mandible, displaying prevalent asymmetry. However, the timing at which such asymmetries arise has not been evaluated. The objectives of this study were to assess the degree of asymmetry in facial bones during the foetal stages of human development.Material and MethodsTwenty‐one preserved conceptuses from the Congenital Anomaly Research Center at Kyoto University, between ages 15 and 20 weeks of gestation, were studied using high‐resolution μCT imaging. Asymmetry analysis was performed on digitally segmented facial bone pairs, using geometric morphometric (GM) approaches as well as adapted deformation‐based asymmetry (DBA) methods.ResultsGM analysis revealed that the developing facial bones display statistically significant fluctuating and directional asymmetry. DBA methods suggest that the magnitude of asymmetry in facial bones is low and does not appear to be correlated to the estimate of overall size of conceptus. Additionally, the patterns of asymmetry are highly variable between individual specimens.ConclusionsThe developing foetal facial skeleton displays variable patterns of low magnitude asymmetry. GM and DBA methods offer unique advantages to assess facial asymmetry quantitatively and qualitatively.
The Rural Problem: Justice in the Countryside
Authors: Carolan Michael 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis paper makes the case that justice scholarship cannot adequately account for the rural grievances that helped launch Trump to the presidency. This relative blind spot in the literature offers an opportunity for rural sociologists and rural studies scholars more generally to elevate their relevance in the academy and beyond. From late‐2012 to late‐2017, I traversed the state of Colorado interviewing and participating alongside non metro residents from its 24 “rural” and 23 “frontier” counties—the latter designation refers to those counties with a population density of six or fewer persons per square mile (the state has 64 counties in total). The argument is informed by 129 face‐to‐face interviews with residents from across these 47 counties. An additional 144 participant observation‐related conversations help further inform the argument. After explaining why rural grievances driving much of today's populism remains a problem for justice scholarship, I document injustices experienced among those interviewed, categorizing them along the three axes of distribution, recognition, and representation. I then offer tentative suggestions for building recognition and empathy between metro and non metro Coloradans. The paper concludes discussing its limitations and the next steps for future scholarship.
A novel human anti‐AXL monoclonal antibody attenuates tumour cell migration
Authors: Duan Yanting , Luo Longlong , Qiao Chunxia , Li Xinying , Wang Jing , Liu Hao , Zhou Tingting , Shen Beifen , Lv Ming , Feng Jiannan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTAM family members (TYRO3, AXL and MERTK) play essential roles in the resolution of inflammation and in infectious diseases and cancer. AXL, a tyrosine kinase receptor, is commonly overexpressed in several solid tumours and numerous hematopoietic malignancies including acute myeloid leukaemia, acute lymphocytic leukaemia, chronic myeloid leukaemia, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and multiple myeloma. AXL significantly promotes tumour cell migration, invasion and metastasis, as well as angiogenesis. AXL also plays an important role in inflammation and macrophage ontogeny. Recent studies have revealed that AXL contributes to leukaemic phenotypes through activation of oncogenic signalling pathways that lead to increased cell migration and proliferation. To evaluate the mechanisms underlying the role of AXL signalling in tumour metastasis, we screened a phage display library to generate a novel human monoclonal antibody, named DAXL‐88, that recognizes both human and murine AXL. The concentrations of DAXL‐88 required for 50% maximal binding to human and murine AXL were 0.118 and 0.164 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, DAXL‐88 bound to human AXL with high affinity (KD ~ 370 pM). DAXL‐88 blocked the interaction between AXL and its ligand, growth arrest‐specific gene 6 (GAS6), with a half maximal inhibitory concentration of 2.16 μg/mL. Moreover, DAXL‐88 inhibited AXL/GAS6‐dependent cell signalling, which is implicated in cell migration and invasion. In conclusion, the novel anti‐AXL DAXL‐88 high‐affinity antibody blocks the interaction between AXL and GAS6 and inhibits tumour cell migration and invasion induced by GAS6. Thus, DAXL‐88 offers promise for the development of targeted therapeutic strategies in solid tumours, leukaemias and other lymphoid neoplasms.