bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tibial Baseplate Microstructure Governs High Cycle Fatigue Fracture In Vivo
Authors: Kurtz Michael A. , Gilbert Jeremy L. , Spece Hannah , Klein Gregg R. , Cates Harold E. , Kurtz Steven M. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPrevious studies report rare occurrences of tibial baseplate fractures following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, at a microstructural scale, it remains unclear how fatigue models developed in vitro apply to fractures in vivo. In this study, we asked: (1) do any clinical factors differentiate fracture patients from a broader revision sample; and (2) in vivo, how does microstructure influence fatigue crack propagation? We identified three fractured tibial baseplates from an institutional review board exempt implant retrieval program. Then, for comparison, we collated clinical data from the same database for n = 2120 revision TKA patients with tibial trays. To identify mechanisms, we characterized fracture features using scanning electron and digital optical microscopy. Additionally, we performed cross sectional analysis using focused ion beam milling. The fracture cohort consisted of moderately to very active patients with increased implantation time (15.6 years) compared to the larger revision patient sample (5.1 years, p = 0.009). We did not find a significant difference in patient weight between the two groups (p = 0.98). Macroscopic fracture features aligned well with both previous retrieval analysis and in vitro baseplate fatigue tests. On a micron scale, we identified striations on each baseplate, demonstrating fatigue as the fracture mechanism. In vivo fatigue fracture processes depended on both the alloy (Ti‐6Al‐4V vs. CoCrMo) and the microstructure of the alloy formed during manufacturing. For Ti‐6Al‐4V, the presence of equiaxed or acicular microstructure influenced the fatigue crack propagation, the latter arising from large prior β grains and a Widmanstatten microstructure, degrading fatigue strength. CoCrMo alloy fatigue cracks propagated linearly, crystallographically influenced by planar slip. However, we did not document any features of overload or fast fracture, suggesting a high cycle, low stress fatigue regime. Ultimately, the crack profiles we present here may provide insight into fatigue fractures of modern tibial baseplates.
Results of the ACTION‐Galactosemia Kids Study to Evaluate the Effects of Govorestat in Pediatric Patients with Classic Galactosemia
Authors: Bailey Evan , Phan Han , Ahmad Ayesha , Thomas Janet , Ames Elizabeth G. , Pritchard Amanda B. , Quinonez Shane C. , Wang Stella , Dayley Caleb , Salt Andrew , Pick Christina , Durrant Abe , Johnson Samuel , Nicodemus‐Johnson Jessie , Dickson Samuel P. , Perfetti Riccardo , Hendrix Suzanne B. , Shendelman Shoshana 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTo evaluate the pharmacodynamic effects and clinical outcomes of orally administered once‐daily govorestat (AT‐007), a central nervous system penetrant aldose reductase inhibitor, the double‐blind placebo‐controlled ACTION‐Galactosemia Kids study (NCT04902781) randomly assigned 47 participants (2–17 years old) with Classic Galactosemia to 18 months of govorestat or placebo (2:1) treatment. Mean change in galactitol was compared between the treatment groups at each post‐baseline timepoint using a t‐test, with a mixed model for repeated measures (MMRM) analysis as a sensitivity analysis. Changes from baseline in clinical outcomes were compared between treatment groups also using a t‐test with two different MMRM models as sensitivity models, one including baseline clinical outcome score. The pharmacodynamic effect of govorestat was assessed by correlating galactitol level at 3 months with change from baseline in clinical measures at 18 months using a Pearson correlation. Govorestat treatment resulted in a rapid and sustained reduction in plasma galactitol. Govorestat treatment stabilized or improved clinical measures of behavior, daily living skills, adaptive skills, cognition, tremor, and fine motor skills, which declined over time in the placebo group. Govorestat treatment did not demonstrate a benefit compared with placebo on speech outcomes or gross motor skills, which improved in both treatment groups over 18 months. Govorestat was safe and well tolerated, with adverse events well balanced between the active and placebo groups. Aldose reductase inhibition with govorestat represents a potential opportunity to lower galactitol and improve clinical outcomes in children with Classic Galactosemia.
Impact of resistance training and chicken intake on vascular and muscle health in elderly women
Authors: Fujie Shumpei , Horii Naoki , Kajimoto Hiroki , Yamazaki Henry , Inoue Kenichiro , Iemitsu Keiko , Uchida Masataka , Arimitsu Takuma , Shinohara Yasushi , Sanada Kiyoshi , Miyachi Motohiko , Iemitsu Motoyuki 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundResistance training is a well‐known exercise therapy for preventing and improving lacks of muscle mass, strength, and quality with advances in age; however, its effects on arterial stiffness are not beneficial. Additionally, a higher intake of protein, which is an effective nutrient for muscle health, results in lower arterial stiffness. Whether the combination of moderate to high‐intensity resistance training and high‐protein intake would improve muscle mass, strength, and quality and cancel the resistance training‐induced increase in arterial stiffness in elderly women remains unclear.MethodsNinety‐three elderly women (67.2 ± 5.3 years) were randomly divided into four groups; sedentary control (CON), higher dietary animal protein intake (HP), resistance training (RT), and combination of RT and HP (RT + HP) groups. Participants in the RT and RT + HP groups completed 12 weeks of resistance training (exercise intensity at 70% of one‐repetition maximum (1‐RM), three sets with 10 repetitions of leg extension and curls, 3 days/week). In addition to the daily diet, the HP and RT + HP groups consumed steamed chicken breast as a high‐protein diet.ResultsPercent changes in thickness (indices of muscle mass) and echo intensity (index of muscle quality) in the quadriceps muscle, 1‐RM of leg extension and curls (index of muscle strength), and circulating C1q levels (a potential biomarker of muscle fibrosis) in the RT and RT + HP groups significantly improved after both RT and RT + HP interventions (P < 0.05). Percent changes in carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and carotid β‐stiffness (indices of arterial stiffness), and circulating angiotensin II (a vasoconstrictor peptide hormone) levels via each intervention were significantly higher in the RT group (4.9 ± 12.7%, 13.8 ± 13.5%, 94.9 ± 132.7%, respectively), as compared with the CON group (−2.5 ± 5.9%, 0.2 ± 8.1%, 21.2 ± 79.3%, respectively) (P < 0.05). Of note, no significant differences in the cfPWV, carotid β‐stiffness, and circulating angiotensin II levels between the RT + HP (−2.4 ± 9.3%, 2.4 ± 10.3%, −5.7 ± 29.6%, respectively) and CON groups were observed. Furthermore, significant positive relationships between the percent changes in circulating angiotensin II levels, and cfPWV (r = 0.438, P < 0.01) and carotid β‐stiffness (r = 0.328, P < 0.01) were observed.ConclusionsThe combination of moderate to high‐intensity resistance training and regular intake of steamed chicken breast as a high‐protein food could increase muscle mass, strength, and quality and could cancel resistance training‐induced increases in arterial stiffness in elderly women.
High retention among key populations initiated on HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis in Kigali City, Rwanda
Authors: Munyaneza Athanase , Bhutada Kiran , Shi Qiuhu , Zotova Natalia , Nsereko Etienne , Muhoza Benjamin , Kubwimana Gallican , Murenzi Gad , Nyirazinyoye Laetitia , Anastos Kathryn , Patel Viraj V. , Ross Jonathan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionKey populations (KPs) including female sex workers (FSWs) and men who have sex with men (MSM) in sub‐Saharan Africa are disproportionately impacted by HIV. Despite the increasing availability of pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), data on retention remain limited. This study assessed PrEP retention at 1 and 12 months among Rwandan FSWs and MSM.MethodsWe analysed routine clinical data on adult FSWs and MSM receiving PrEP care from 11 health facilities in Kigali, Rwanda between 2019 and 2022. Retention was defined as attendance at regularly scheduled appointments for a PrEP refill. We used logistic regression to assess associations between demographic and clinical characteristics and retention at 1 and 12 months.ResultsAmong 2043 PrEP initiators, 1343 (66%) were FSWs and 700 (34%) were MSM. FSWs reported a median number of eight sexual partners in the prior 7 days, 70% reported condomless sex and 94% considered themselves at high HIV risk. About 1239 (92%) and 1032 (77%) were retained at 1 and 12 months, respectively. One‐month retention was lower among FSWs living with others (OR 0.59, 95% CI: 0.35−0.99; ref: living alone) or with low HIV risk perception (OR 0.12, 95% CI: 0.04−0.29). At 12 months, low HIV risk perception remained statistically significant (aOR 0.20, 95% CI: 0.12−0.32). At PrEP initiation, MSM reported a median of four sexual partners in the prior 12 months, 88% reported condomless sex and 72% considered themselves at high HIV risk. Retention rates were 96% at 1 month and 82% at 12 months. At 1 month, retention was higher among MSM with some education (OR 12.74, 95% CI: 2.74−70.93; ref: no education). At 12 months, retention was lower among MSM with part‐time employment (aOR 0.29, 95% CI: 0.11, 0.76), students (aOR 0.12, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.37) and unemployed (aOR 0.12, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.28); ref: full‐employed) and those unaware of PrEP at baseline (aOR 0.15, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.23).ConclusionsWe observed very high rates of PrEP retention among Rwandan FSWs and MSM. Predictors of retention included living situation, employment status, HIV risk perception and low PrEP awareness, but differed between FSWs and MSM. These findings suggest that targeted awareness campaigns tailored to different KPs could improve PrEP retention in care.
Enhanced Performance of Dual Material Double Gate Negative Capacitance Tunnel Field Effect Transistor (DMDG‐NC‐TFET) via HZO Ferroelectric Integration for Improved Drain Current and Subthreshold Swing
Authors: Blessy P. Hannah , Shenbagavalli A. , Arun Samuel T. S. , Pravin J. Charles 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper developed the novel structure of a dual material double gate negative capacitance tunnel field effect transistor (DMDG‐NC‐TFET) using HZO ferroelectric material. This study systematically improved the drain current and subthreshold swing (SS) by inducing a negative capacitance effect in a gate stack. The proposed gate oxide structure is a stack configuration of ferroelectric material, and high‐k dielectric to improve gate control. The Landau–Khalatnikov (LK) equation is used to solve the Poisson equation and get an accurate estimate of the channel potential. Kane's model is used for band‐to‐band generation rate calculation. For modelling the drain current, the band‐to‐band tunnelling (Gbtbt) generation rate is integrated using the entire device volume. The impact of varying ferroelectric thickness in the proposed structure has been investigated with the simulated results. The outcomes demonstrate that the device can obtain better improvements in ON current and SS, compared to conventional DMDG‐TFET. By contrasting the analytical results with the outcomes of the TCAD simulation, the effectiveness of the proposed methodology has been demonstrated.
Natural Products Produced by the Species of Bacillus cereus Group: Recent Updates
Authors: Azizoglu Ugur , Argentel‐Martínez Leandris , Peñuelas‐Rubio Ofelda , Herrera‐Sepúlveda Angélica , Ibal Jerald Conrad , Sharafi Reza , Salehi Jouzani Gholamreza , Ortiz Aurelio , Vaca Jessica , Sansinenea Estibaliz 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBacillus cereus group produces diverse antimicrobial compounds through different metabolic pathways, including amino acid‐based compounds, sugar derivatives, volatile and miscellaneous compounds. These antimicrobial compounds exhibit antibacterial and antifungal activities against various plant pathogens, promoting plant growth and enhancing tolerance to abiotic stresses. They also exhibit nematicidal activities against plant nematodes and antagonistic effects against pathogens in aquatic animals, promoting growth and inducing immune responses. Moreover, B. cereus group bacteria play a significant role in bioremediation by breaking down or neutralizing environmental pollutants, such as plastics, petroleum products, heavy metals, and insecticides. They produce enzymes like laccases, lipases, proteases, and various oxidases, contributing to the degradation of these pollutants. In the food industry, they can cause food poisoning due to their production of enterotoxins. However, they are also utilized in various industrial applications, such as producing environmentally friendly bio‐based materials, biofertilizers, and nanoparticles. Notably, B. cereus transforms selenite into selenium nanoparticles, which have health benefits, including cancer prevention. In summary, B. cereus group bacteria have diverse applications in agriculture, bioremediation, industry, and medicine, contributing to sustainable and eco‐friendly solutions across multiple fields. In this review, we have revised B. cereus group and the characteristics of every species; we have also highlighted the more important compounds secreted by the species of B. cereus group and the applications of these compounds. The aim is to explain the available secondary metabolites to classify the species from this group, increasing the knowledge about taxonomy of this group.
Interference fit of cementless tibial implants and the initial mechanical environment: A micro‐CT and DVC study
Authors: Wearne Lauren S. , Rapagna Sophie , Keene Greg , Taylor Mark , Perilli Egon 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDuring cementless total knee arthroplasty (TKA), an overlap between the resected tibia and the implant's geometry, termed interference fit, is introduced to facilitate primary stability and direct bone‐implant contact. However, little is known about the actual interference achieved and the resulting mechanical response in the surrounding cancellous bone. The aim of this study was (1) to experimentally quantify the actual interference achieved for a commercially available cementless tibial implant and (2) to assess its effect on the post‐impaction cancellous bone strain. Seven human cadaveric tibiae were micro‐CT scanned intact (23 µm/pixel), once prepared for TKA (46 µm/pixel) and following implantation (46 µm/pixel). The actual interference across the entire bone‐implant interface was quantified and, via digital volume correlation, the compressive strains of bone in contact with the implant and at increasing distance, were extracted. An inhomogeneous actual interference was found across the implant pegs and keel (median ± std dev: 0.70 ± 0.27 mm), which was lower than the intended. Limited interference (0.02 ± 0.12 mm) was found directly under the baseplate, with immediate bone‐baseplate contact of 54%. The induced compressive strains were related to the actual interference within 3.14 mm from the bone‐implant interface (R2 = 0.269–0.450, p < 0.001), with higher compressive strains corresponding to higher interference, but not being related to the bone volume fraction. Clinical Significance: Insight is provided into the interaction between the variability of the resection and the resulting mechanical environment. A complex relationship is apparent, whereby the actual interference accounted for up to 45% of the variation in induced compressive strain magnitude.
Whitepaper Quality and ICO Success: The Role of Textual and Visual Characteristics
Authors: Bussoli Candida , Fattobene Lucrezia , L'Abate Vitiana , Raimo Nicola , Vitolla Filippo 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn recent years, Initial Coin Offering (ICO), a novel fundraising method, has gained popularity for financing innovative entrepreneurial projects. This alternative approach has piqued the interest of both practitioners and academics alike. However, studies conducted in this research area are limited. In particular, the role of disclosure quality and the characteristics of the whitepaper in ICO success is still little explored. This study aims to fill this gap by examining the effect of two components of the whitepaper: textual disclosure and visual disclosure. To this end, a logistic regression model was performed on a sample of 320 ICO projects. Empirical results demonstrate that the readability, positive sentiment, and number of pictures in the whitepaper have a positive influence on ICO success. Furthermore, they demonstrate that the length of the whitepaper and the presence of charts within this document have a negative effect. This study significantly enriches the literature on ICO success and offers important practical implications for ventures, individuals, and regulators aiming to launch or oversee ICO projects.
Hypoalbuminemia and Nutritional Status in Children With Cancer
Authors: McLean Thomas W. , Shah Natasha S. , Barr Ronald D. , Tooze Janet A. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn children with cancer, poor nutritional status adversely affects outcomes. Hypoalbuminemia is common in pediatric oncology patients, and in some groups is associated with inferior survival rates. We sought to determine if serum albumin associates with body mass index (BMI) percentile and if combining serum albumin and BMI is associated with survival.MethodsWe performed a single institution, retrospective review of pediatric oncology patients and collected data regarding baseline BMI, serum albumin, and survival outcome. Combining baseline BMI and serum albumin, we classified patients’ nutritional status as adequately nourished, mildly/moderately depleted, and severely depleted.ResultsIn a cohort of 490 pediatric oncology patients, hypoalbuminemia prevalence was 49%. Serum albumin did not associate with BMI percentile for age. Overall, those defined as severely depleted had an increased risk of relapse or death at 3 and 6 months from chemotherapy initiation compared with those defined as adequately nourished (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.37, 95% CI 1.29–4.37 at 3 months, p = 0.006; HR = 1.77, CI 1.11–2.82 at 6 months, p = 0.017). Statistical analyses suggest the inferior survival in those deemed severely depleted was primarily driven by hypoalbuminemia rather than BMI.ConclusionsIn this cohort of pediatric oncology patients, serum albumin did not correlate with BMI. Severe hypoalbuminemia is an adverse prognostic factor. Baseline BMI had a minimal impact on relapse‐free survival and overall survival, independently or in combination with hypoalbuminemia.
Molecular mechanisms of hepatic lipid metabolism disorders: Focus on mitochondrial quality control
Authors: Yu Jiachi , Huang Jia , Xia Tian , Li Mianyang , Li Ruibing 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAlcohol‐associated liver disease (ALD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are the two predominant forms of chronic liver disease worldwide. Regardless of alcohol consumption, patients with NAFLD and ALD exhibit disturbances in lipid metabolism, progressing from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and ultimately cirrhosis. The precise mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of NAFLD and ALD remain unclear. However, numerous studies have highlighted mitochondrial dysfunction as a hallmark of both diseases. Beyond their canonical metabolic function, mitochondria could influence hepatocytes through oxidative stress, intracellular signaling transduction, inflammation, and cell death, all of which are regulated by the mitochondrial quality control (MQC) system. Abnormalities in MQC, including defective mitophagy, erroneous mitochondrial dynamics, and delayed biogenesis, comprise mitochondrial morphological structure, function, and lifespan, resulting in hepatocyte damage. This review explores the involvement of MQC in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and ALD and identifies promising therapeutic targets aimed at enhancing MQC, potentially alleviating metabolic liver disease.
Skewness‐Corrected Confidence Intervals for Predictive Values in Enrichment Studies
Authors: Zhang Dadong , Wang Jingye , Cai Suqin , Surtihadi Johan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) can be expressed as functions of disease prevalence () and the ratios of two binomial proportions (), where and . In prospective studies, where the proportion of subjects with the disease in the study cohort is an unbiased estimate of the disease prevalence, the confidence intervals (CIs) of PPV and NPV can be estimated using established methods for single proportion. However, in enrichment studies, such as case–control studies, where the proportion of diseased subjects significantly differs from disease prevalence, estimating CIs for PPV and NPV remains a challenge in terms of skewness and overall coverage, especially under extreme conditions (e.g., ). In this article, we extend the method adopted by Li, where CIs for PPV and NPV were derived from those of . We explored additional CI methods for , including those by Gart & Nam (GN), MoverJ, and Walter and convert their corresponding CIs for PPV and NPV. Through simulations, we compared these methods with established CI methods, Fieller, Pepe, and Delta in terms of skewness and overall coverage. While no method proves universally optimal, GN and MoverJ methods generally emerge as recommended choices.
C4H7+ System on Zeolite Y: The Relative Stability Among Ionic Carbocations and Covalent Alkoxides
Authors: Rosenbach Nilton , Chagas Henrique C. , Mota Claudio J. A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe hybrid ONIOM(PBE1PBE/6‐31(d,p):MNDO) method of calculation was used to study the C4H7+ system on zeolite Y. The calculations involved the ionic bicyclobutonium and cyclopropylcarbinyl cations and the alkoxides (allylcarbinyl, cyclobutyl, and cyclopropylcarbinyl), which are covalently bonded to the zeolite framework. The structures of the carbocations are similar to the computed structures in the gas phase; the main differences in geometry are associated with the interaction of the cations with the zeolite framework. The results indicated that the bicyclobutonium cation is more stable than the cyclopropylcarbinyl cation due to stronger hydrogen bond interactions with the oxygen atoms of the zeolite structure. On the other hand, the alkoxides are lower in energy than the ionic carbocation, but the energy gap significantly decreases upon treating the system at ONIOM(MP2(FULL)/6‐31(d,p):PBE1PBE/6‐31(d,p)) level, indicating that long‐range effects are important in the stabilization of ionic species within the zeolite cage.