bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dairy farming in the era of artificial intelligence: trend or a real game changer?
Authors: Espinoza-Sandoval Oscar R. , Angeles-Hernandez Juan Carlos , Gonzalez-Ronquillo Manuel , Ghavipanje Navid , Zhang Naifeng , Bayat A. R. , Hervás Gonzalo , Kholif Ahmed E. , Mele Marcello , Loor Juan J. , Stergiadis Sokratis , Vargas-Bello-Pérez Einar 
Published: December 2024

AbstractArtificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping the world as we know it, impacting all aspects of modern society, basically due to the advances in computer power, data availability and AI algorithms. The dairy sector is also on the move, from the exponential growth in AI research, to ready to use AI-based products, this new evolution to Dairy 4.0 represents a potential ‘game-changer’ for the dairy sector, to confront challenges regarding sustainability, welfare, and profitability. This research reflection explores the possible impact of AI, discusses the main drivers in the field and describes its origins, challenges, and opportunities. Further, we present a multidimensional vision considering factors that are not commonly considered in dairy research, such as geopolitical aspects and legal regulations that can have an impact on the application of AI in the dairy sector. This is just the beginning of the third tide of AI, and a future is still ahead. For now, the current advances in AI at on-farm level seem limited and based on the revised data, we believe that AI can be a ‘game-changer’ only if it is integrated with other components of Dairy 4.0 (such as robotics) and is fully adopted by dairy farmers.
A nationwide cohort study on pneumonia infections among agriculture and healthcare workers in Taiwan
Authors: de Jong Erik Pieter , Chen Chi-Hsin Sally , Lin Wei-Chi , Chang Chia-Yu , Chan Chang-Chuan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Bacterial infection risk in work environments has been extensively reported for healthcare workers, while this risk is rarely researched in other occupations. This study aimed to identify occupational environments in Taiwan’s agricultural and healthcare industries with elevated bacterial infection risks by comparing risks for general bacterial infections and pneumonia. Using labour and health insurance claim data from 3.3 million workers (January 2004–December 2020), a retrospective cohort was constructed to estimate occupational infection risks with Cox regression and the Anderson-Gill extension. Significantly elevated hazard ratios were found for workers in vegetable growing, crop cultivation service, mushroom growing, flower growing, and fruit growing, ranging from 1.13 to 1.39 for general bacterial infections and 1.68 to 3.06 for pneumonia infections. In afforestation and the inland fishing industry, pneumonia risk was significantly elevated with, respectively, 1.87 and 1.21. In the healthcare section, especially workers in residential care services and residential care services for elderly stand out regarding their pneumonia risk, with significant hazard ratios of 3.49 and 1.75. The methods used in this study were proven to be effective in identification of occupation environments at risk and can be used in other settings. These findings call for prioritization of bacterial infection prevention by occupation.
Acute malnutrition associated with mid-upper arm circumference among under-five children in tribal areas, India: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Patra Shraboni , Sambharkar Shashikant , Harode Sheetal , Barde Kalpana , Pillewan Amita 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective:
For the past three decades, India has implemented several nutrition programmes to address malnutrition in the under-fives. To understand the programme’s impact, this study assesses the prevalence of acute malnutrition, moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) and severe acute malnutrition (SAM), using mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) among tribal children.

Design:
The survey was conducted in two tribal blocks (Desaiganj and Bhamragad) of the Gadchiroli district in Maharashtra to identify children registered in the ‘Anganwadi’ program.

Setting:
A community-based cross-sectional survey was carried out.

Participants:
The total sample size was 1055 children (aged 0–59 months).

Results:
The overall prevalence of SAM and MAM was 1·4 % (n 15) and 9·8 % (n 103). A higher prevalence of MAM was found in males (38·5 %, n 40) and females (27·1 %, n 28) in below 6 months. Additionally, a higher prevalence of MAM was observed in females (10·7 %, n 113) compared with males (9·0 %, n 95). The prevalence of SAM was significantly (P < 0·001) higher in females (1·7 %, n 18) than in males (1·0 %, n 11). Children aged between 12 and 17 months were sixteen times more likely (OR = 16·9, P < 0·001, CI = 4·8, 59·6) to have MAM (MUAC < 12·5 cm) than children aged between 6 and 11 months. Children from the Desaiganj block were significantly less likely (OR = 0·4, P < 0·001, CI = 0·2, 0·7) to have MAM compared with children from Bhamragad. Approximately 4 % (n 42) of children were classified as critically malnourished.

Conclusion:
There is an urgent need for block-level monitoring of MAM and SAM, as well as evaluation of existing nutrition programmes, to address the disparity in the sex-specific prevalence of MAM and SAM in tribal areas.
‘Apatiye’ a new cultivar of pistachio with a special growth habit (first report)
Authors: Karimi Hamid Reza 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTree architecture is an important factor in increasing performance and better garden management of pistachios. In a pistachio breeding programme, the genotypes obtained from five open pollinated populations were evaluated in terms of growth characteristics. Among the evaluated genotypes, ‘Apatiye’ was identified. This genotype has shoots with crouch angle more than 90° and a height of 110 cm. In previous year's shoots, the terminal buds abort and fall in early spring, stimulating more lateral buds to grow (6–7) than other genotypes (3–4). The growth characteristics of ‘Apatiye’ create a valuable potential resource for breeding pistachio cultivars with low alternate bearing, suitable for manual harvesting and pruning management. In addition, ‘Apatiye’ can be used as a suitable genetic marker in the study of heritability of growth habit in pistachio trees for future studies.
Nightside Neutral Density Disturbances Collocated With Equatorial Plasma Irregularities Above 450 km: GRACE and GRACE‐FO Observations in 2002–2022
Authors: Song Hosub , Park Jaeheung , Xiong Chao , IJssel Jose van den , Lee Daehee , Lee Jaejin , Yi Yu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe investigate the climatology of Neutral Density Disturbances (NDDs) collocated with Equatorial Plasma Irregularities (EPIs) at altitudes above 450 km by using 20 years of data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE‐FO satellites. Electron density data are used to detect EPIs, and thermospheric neutral density measured onboard the same spacecraft serves to identify EPI‐related NDDs. A detailed analysis focused on the morphological similarity between electron and neutral densities. To examine the relationship between EPI and NDD, statistical dependences of EPIs and NDDs on season/longitude (S/L), Magnetic Latitude (MLAT), Magnetic Local Time (MLT), and solar activity have been checked. As a first step, we confirmed that the EPI climatology in GRACE satellite data is consistent with previous reports. Then, it is found that the lower the neutral density in the background upper thermosphere, the higher the probability that EPI can accompany NDDs. We suggest that the vertical plasma advection surrounding EPI can result in neutral density disturbance, of which the efficiency depends on the background neutral scale height or temperature. The colder the thermosphere, the shorter its vertical scale height (or the lower the background neutral density), which can make the plasma advection leave measurable imprints on the neutral density.
Spatiotemporal Clustering of Large Earthquakes Along the Central‐Eastern Sections of the Altyn Tagh Fault, China
Authors: Pinzon Nicolás , Klinger Yann , Xu Xiwei , Tapponnier Paul , Liu‐Zeng Jing , Van Der Woerd Jerome , Li Kang , Gao Mingxing 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe understanding of the spatial‐temporal distribution of past earthquakes is essential to assess the event recurrence behavior and to estimate the size of potential earthquakes along active strike‐slip fault systems. However, the scarcity of paleoseismic data remains a major hurdle in this endeavor. This is the case of the longest strike‐slip fault in Asia, the Altyn Tagh Fault (ATF). We documented six very likely large earthquakes that potentially ruptured the Aksay section of the ATF. Employing a Bayesian approach, we present modeled date ranges of 6339–5220 BC, 5296–4563 BC, 3026–2677 BC, 1324–808 BC, 314–632 AD, and 915–1300 AD. The mean recurrence time is 1,329 ± 588 years with a coefficient of variation (COV) of ∼0.44. In the same fault section, 90 horizontal offsets record an average coseismic slip of 5.1 ± 1.4 m for the last event and suggest four older earthquakes plausibly with a similar slip distribution. Although at the local‐scale the COV indicates quasi‐periodic rupture behavior, the individual interevent times exhibit significant irregularity, a pattern also observed in adjacent fault sections (Xorxoli, Annanba and Tashi sections). We found that such irregularities are a natural consequence of long‐term fault interactions, which allow for synchronized ruptures along the northern and southern strands of the central‐eastern ATF. Our rupture model highlights bursty periods of seismic activity with mean interevent times of 475 ± 108 years separated by long‐lull periods of 1.1–1.6 kyr. Based on this temporal organization and considering the 401‐year elapsed time since the most recent event on the Xorxoli section, there exists a possibility of a forthcoming large earthquake occurring within the next century.
A Stability Analysis of Neural Networks and Its Application to Tsunami Early Warning
Authors: Rim Donsub , Suri Sanah , Hong Sanghyun , Lee Kookjin , LeVeque Randall J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNeural networks (NNs) enable precise modeling of complicated geophysical phenomena but can be sensitive to small input changes. In this work, we present a new method for analyzing this instability in NNs. We focus our analysis on adversarial examples, test‐time inputs with carefully crafted human‐imperceptible perturbations that expose the worst‐case instability in a model's predictions. Our stability analysis is based on a low‐rank expansion of NNs on a fixed input, and we apply our analysis to a NN model for tsunami early warning which takes geodetic measurements as the input and forecasts tsunami waveforms. The result is an improved description of local stability that explains adversarial examples generated by a standard gradient‐based algorithm, and allows the generation of other comparable examples. Our analysis can predict whether noise in the geodetic input will produce an unstable output, and identifies a potential approach to filtering the input that enable more robust forecasting.
Efficient Storage of Embedded Element Patterns for Low Frequency Radio Telescopes
Authors: Davidson David B. , Sutinjo Adrian T. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe use of spherical modes offers an efficient solution for storing embedded element patterns with significant angular structure for large scale arrays, such as the Square Kilometer Array (SKA)‐Low radio telescope. These patterns are required for calibration of the numerous stations comprising the telescope, each containing several hundred elements, and operating over a 7:1 bandwidth. However, implementation is significantly complicated by the many differences in the notation used in the literature for the Legendre special functions. The differing phasor conventions used in electrical engineering and physics further complicate this. This paper synthesizes much of the existing literature on this topic, paying special attention to these issues. Mathematical implementation issues are also addressed. A number of suitable tests using canonical dipole radiators to verify correct implementation are outlined. The paper concludes with tests on an individual SKALA4 antenna and a full‐scale SKA‐Low prototype station comprising 256 of these antennas. The storage saving afforded is some three orders of magnitude; this is very significant for a full SKA‐Low station. Supporting material summarizes differing formulations and conventions encountered in the literature.
From placenta to the foetus: a systematic review of in vitro models of stress- and inflammation-induced depression in pregnancy
Authors: Kirkpatrick Madeline , Mandal Gargi , Elhadidy Ismail , Mariani Nicole , Priestley Kristi , Pariante Carmine M. , Borsini Alessandra 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Depression in pregnancy can increase vulnerability for psychiatric disorders in the offspring, likely via the transfer of heightened maternal cortisol and cytokines to the in-utero environment. However, the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms, are largely unclear. Animal studies can represent this complex pathophysiology at a systemic level but are expensive and ethically challenging. While simpler, in vitro models offer high-throughput opportunities. Therefore, this systematic review integrates findings of in vitro models relevant to depression in pregnancy, to generate novel hypotheses and targets for intervention.

Methods
The systematic analysis covered studies investigating glucocorticoid or cytokine challenges on placental or foetal neural progenitor cells (NPCs), with or without co-treatment with sex hormones.

Results
Of the 50 included studies, 11 used placental cells and 39 NPCs; surprisingly, only one used a combination of oestrogen and cortisol, and no study combined placental cells and NPCs. In placental cells, cortisol or cytokines decreased nutrient transporter expression and steroidogenic enzyme activity, and increased cytokine production. NPCs exhibited decreases in proliferation and differentiation, via specific molecular pathways, namely, inhibition of hedgehog signalling and activation of kynurenine pathway. In these cells, studies also highlighted epigenetic priming of stress and inflammatory pathways.

Conclusions
Overall, results suggest that stress and inflammation not only detrimentally impact placental regulation of nutrients and hormones to the foetus, but also activate downstream pathways through increased inflammation in the placenta, ultimately eliciting adverse effects on foetal neurogenesis. Future research should investigate how sex hormones regulate these mechanisms, with the aim of developing targeted therapeutic approaches for depression in pregnancy.
The activation of the piriform cortex to lateral septum pathway during chronic social defeat stress is crucial for the induction of behavioral disturbance in mice
Authors: Okuda Yuki , Li Dongrui , Maruyama Yuzuki , Sonobe Hirokazu , Mano Tomoyuki , Tainaka Kazuki , Shinohara Ryota , Furuyashiki Tomoyuki 
Published: December 2024

AbstractChronic stress induces neural dysfunctions and risks mental illnesses. Clinical and preclinical studies have established the roles of brain regions underlying emotional and cognitive functions in stress and depression. However, neural pathways to perceive sensory stimuli as stress to cause behavioral disturbance remain unknown. Using whole-brain imaging of Arc-dVenus neuronal response reporter mice and machine learning analysis, here we unbiasedly demonstrated different patterns of contribution of widely distributed brain regions to neural responses to acute and chronic social defeat stress (SDS). Among these brain regions, multiple sensory cortices, especially the piriform (olfactory) cortex, primarily contributed to classifying neural responses to chronic SDS. Indeed, SDS-induced activation of the piriform cortex was augmented with repetition of SDS, accompanied by impaired odor discrimination. Axonal tracing and chemogenetic manipulation showed that excitatory neurons in the piriform cortex directly project to the lateral septum and activate it in response to chronic SDS, thereby inducing behavioral disturbance. These results pave the way for identifying a spatially defined sequence of neural consequences of stress and the roles of sensory pathways in perceiving chronic stress in mental illness pathology.
Single versus tandem autologous stem cell transplantation in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma
Authors: Grieb Nora , Oeser Alexander , Ferle Maximilian , Hanke Franziska , Flossdorf Sarah , Sauer Sandra , Goldschmidt Hartmut , Müller-Tidow Carsten , Salwender Hans-Jürgen , Fenk Roland , Engelhardt Monika , Zeiser Robert , Vucinic Vladan , Franke Georg-Nikolaus , Blau Igor Wolfgang , Teschner Daniel , Einsele Hermann , Kimmich Christoph , Kull Miriam , Besemer Britta , Gagelmann Nico , Kröger Nicolaus , Neumuth Thomas , Platzbecker Uwe , Merz Maximilian ,   on behalf of the German Registry for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Cell Therapy (DRST)
Published: December 2024

AbstractIdentifying patients who may benefit from autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma is crucial, especially in the era of effective induction and consolidation strategies. We analyzed data from 12763 patients enrolled in the German Registry for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Cell Therapy (DRST), distinguishing those who underwent single (n = 8736) or tandem ASCT (n = 4027) from 1998 to 2021. Our findings show that the median age at first ASCT increased over time, while the use of tandem ASCT declined. The shift in treatment practices coincided with higher rates of complete response (CR) post-induction therapy. Significantly improved overall survival and event-free survival over time were observed across all age groups, especially in older patients, but not in patients under 40. Tandem ASCT showed benefits for patients who did not achieve CR after initial ASCT. However, patients with ISS III and renal impairment had poorer outcomes with tandem ASCT. In conclusion, while ASCT remains an important anti-myeloma tool, careful patient selection for tandem ASCT is essential, particularly avoiding its use in patients with ISS III and renal impairment, older age, and those already achieving CR after initial ASCT.
Synthesis and two-dimensional ordering of asymmetrically polymer–brush–decorated cellulose nanocrystals
Authors: Kinose Yuji , Fujimoto Seitaro , Sakakibara Keita , Tsujii Yoshinobu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRod-shaped cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are typically obtained by hydrolyzing cellulose nanofibers bearing an formyl group at their reducing end. In this study, we prepare CNCs bearing densely grafted polymer brushes of different molecular weights (asymmetrically polymer-brush–decorated CNCs; aPB-CNCs). aPB-CNCs exhibit good dispersion in organic solvents and form a monolayer at the air/water interface. The compression of this monolayer induces a phase transition of a long polymer brush at the reducing end and a change in the orientation of the CNC core due to repulsive interactions. A CNC is identified as a key intermediate, possessing dormant moieties for reversible addition–fragmentation polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization at the reducing end and other surfaces, respectively (bifunctional dormant CNC). This functional CNC facilitates the polymerization of a wide range of monomers and enables the synthesis of aPB-CNCs with diverse chemical properties. The developed synthetic route not only provides a basis for exploring the ordered structure of nanoparticles but is also useful for modifying the reducing ends of CNCs.
Nystagmus in infancy: causes, characteristics and main tools for diagnosis
Authors: Goldman Emanuel , Hendler Karen , Yahalom Claudia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Nystagmus in infancy may occur as part of an ocular condition, a neurological disorder or be idiopathic. The objective of our study was to evaluate the main causes for nystagmus in infants aged 0–1 year, the accompanying clinical characteristics and the effectiveness of different diagnostic tests used for reaching definite diagnosis.

Methods
A retrospective study was conducted on medical records of infants who were seen at a tertiary hospital between 2016 and 2021. Clinical data were obtained including age at presentation, presence of strabismus, refractive errors, auxiliary tests performed to reach diagnosis, and initial versus final diagnosis.

Results
This study included 147 infants. The most common ocular pathology causing nystagmus was albinism followed by inherited retinal diseases (IRDs). Main tests that helped reach diagnosis included clinical examination, genetic testing and electroretinogram (ERG). Vertical nystagmus was seen in 8/147 infants; among them 4 had an IRD as a final diagnosis. The most common associated clinical characteristics were high hypermetropia and strabismus.

Conclusions
The most common causes for nystagmus during the first year of age were albinism and IRDs. The most useful diagnostic tests to reach diagnosis were ERG together with genetic testing for IRDs and clinical ophthalmologic examination for albinism. IRDs play an important role as the cause for nystagmus in infants; this diagnosis can be often missed during the first months of life and a vertical nystagmus wave is commonly observed in this group. Nystagmus secondary to a neurologic condition is rare in this age group.
RNA language models predict mutations that improve RNA function
Authors: Shulgina Yekaterina , Trinidad Marena I. , Langeberg Conner J. , Nisonoff Hunter , Chithrananda Seyone , Skopintsev Petr , Nissley Amos J. , Patel Jaymin , Boger Ron S. , Shi Honglue , Yoon Peter H. , Doherty Erin E. , Pande Tara , Iyer Aditya M. , Doudna Jennifer A. , Cate Jamie H. D. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractStructured RNA lies at the heart of many central biological processes, from gene expression to catalysis. RNA structure prediction is not yet possible due to a lack of high-quality reference data associated with organismal phenotypes that could inform RNA function. We present GARNET (Gtdb Acquired RNa with Environmental Temperatures), a new database for RNA structural and functional analysis anchored to the Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB). GARNET links RNA sequences to experimental and predicted optimal growth temperatures of GTDB reference organisms. Using GARNET, we develop sequence- and structure-aware RNA generative models, with overlapping triplet tokenization providing optimal encoding for a GPT-like model. Leveraging hyperthermophilic RNAs in GARNET and these RNA generative models, we identify mutations in ribosomal RNA that confer increased thermostability to the Escherichia coli ribosome. The GTDB-derived data and deep learning models presented here provide a foundation for understanding the connections between RNA sequence, structure, and function.