bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Paddy and Rice Quality of Three Varieties of Indonesian Local Aromatic Paddy
Authors: Purwaningsih  , Indrasari S D 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this research was to study the physical, milling, nutrition quality and physichochemical characteristic of three Indonesian local aromatic paddy namely Kewal Balik Semah, Cere Mas, and Segara Anak. The research materials were obtained from local farmers in Lebak, Banten Province, and Sukamandi, West Java Province. The analysis was conducted at the Rice Quality Laboratory at Indonesian Center for Rice Research (ICRR), Sukamandi. The data were analysed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) if differences were found. The results indicated that paddy rice moisture content varied 11.5-13.4%, empty grain 2.0-9.4%, paddy density varied 339-568 g/l, 1000 grain weight range from 20.5-29.4 g, chalky + immature grain 0.2-0.7%, and yellow + damaged grain 0.7-5.3%, paddy length 5.2-6.04 mm (short to medium) and paddy L/B ratio ranged 2.04-2.41 (medium). Milling percentage ranged 62.5-71.5%, head rice percentage varied 56.7-85.4%, broken rice percentage ranged 14.5-41.0% and brewer 0.1-2.4%. Chalky grain <1% and damaged grain varied 0.07-0.4%. Milled rice whiteness ranged from 43.6-55.8%, and translucensy 0.5-2.8%. The amylose content of three varieties are categorised as medium amylose. Gel consistency characters is soft texture and gel temperature are high to high intermediate (1-3). Among of the cultivars the protein content ranged 7.4-8.2%.
Identification of Superior Cellulose Microbes Producer for Bioethanol Production
Authors: Hayuningtyas M , Juniawati  , Arif A B , Richana N 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe limited supply of fossil fuels in the world and increased in CO2emission problem causing the government has urged improving the supply of a source of energy, through the use of a new source of energy and renewable. Lignocellulose is one of the organic component in many was available an agricultural waste as a source of microbes to produce welfare fuel. In process of renewable energy, hydrolysis on source lignocellulose using a lignocellulose enzyme will be imported. Bioethanol produce there are have some problems, among other lack of strains superior enzyme lignocellulose microbes producer. Lignocellulose that degrades an enzyme is cellulose much used in various industries. An enzyme can be produced of a group of bacteria, like mold and yeasts. This article is determine to identify superior lignocellulose microbes producing an enzyme. Sample of the study obtained from the specimen land, litter, decayed wood, sand, water crater in various districts in Indonesia. Produce an enzyme lignocellulose identification microbes to bioetanol begins with exploration, isolation and selection, further testing and selection. From 15 bacteria producing cellulose isolates, and selection isolate superior obtained was that B93 with the activity of enzyme reached 25,3 U/ml. Identification of superior cellulose microbes producer isEnterobacteriaSp. Based on this outcome was expected that B93 is a potential source of an cellulose enzyme producer. That can be used to producing welfare fuel (bioethanol). The next research can get reducing part cost of bioethanol production from lignocellulose is cost of cellulose and xillanase (commercial enzim), so it is very impact alternative to solve the global warming problem and ensure sustainable development of the economy leaf litter biomass from tree plantation sites can be collected and used as a promising feedstock for biofuel production to mitigate energy crisis.
Effect of Control Atmosphere Storage Model on the Quality of Chili
Authors: Setyabudi D A , Ratnaningsih  , Broto W , Jamal I B 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Chili (Capsicum annum L.) is perishable horticultural commodity with short shelf life. Environmental factors such as: temperature, diseases, and humidity, influence the quality of chili, hence the shelf life becomes shorter. One of the long life-saving technologies for chili freshness is by using a controlled atmosphere storage (CAS) technique. This study aimed to prolong the shelf life of chili up to two weeks by CAS method. CAS is a method of storing agricultural products where the concentrations of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and temperature, and the humidity of the storage space are carefully arranged. Storage typically uses low temperatures, and high RH. Storage with this controlled atmosphere has been applied to fresh fruits, vegetables, and dried commodities. For chilies with CAS, a showcase refrigerator was flowed with nitrogen gas (N2) to suppress oxygen gas concentration (O2) in storage space to close to 7%. Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas was added to a concentration of 2.5%. The conditions of oxygen and carbon dioxide gas in the showcase were maintained by continuously flowing N2 gas at a rate of 1 ml / min. The temperature and humidity of storage chambers was maintained at a temperature of 10 - 14 0C and RH in the range 90 - 95%. Observation parameters include, freshness (moisture content, texture, and color), and weight loss. CAS technology was able to maintained freshness of chili for up to 5 weeks with water content characteristics of 82 - 84%, ash content of 0.80 to 0.95%, vitamin C 237.4 - 267.16 mg / 100 g, with the texture easily broken and orange color yellowish, and weight loss reached 12.8%.
Food Processing Technology: Case Study on The Development of Rice Bioindustry
Authors: Widowati S , Luna P 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Currently, sustainable food production is the biggest challenge in the world. The rapid growth of population, agricultural land conversion and climate change are the key challenges in the agricultural sector. Therefore, natural resources need to be utilised optimally to increase value-added and product competitiveness. This paper reviews the development of rice bioindustry in Indonesia with regards to food processing technology and challenges. Regarding the development of rice bio-industry, farmers and rice milling entrepreneurs are not only directed to focus on milled rice but also directed to valorise the by-products from rice milling manufacture namely rice bran, broken rice, brewers’ rice and husks into high value- added products. To improve the economic value of premium quality rice, functional rice (parboiled, low glycaemic index rice), fortified rice, instant rice, and crystal rice should be produced. Husk can be processed into non- food products, such as biosilica. Additionally, straw can be used as raw material for paper, furfural, sugar and bioethanol, as well as biodegradable packaging and nanofiber. The development of the rice bio industry by utilising all parts of the plant supports the zero waste concept that can increase the income of rice farmers and entrepreneurs, will also improving the environment.
Functional Testing of Sorghum Grading Machine
Authors: Nurhasanah A , AlamSyah A N , Sulaeman A A , Hari I 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Sorghum seeds form some varieties are range from 2 to 4 mm in size and containing the outer skin/husk about 30 percent. Parallel with tampering of cortex/husk sorghum seeds, also needs exfoliation process. In order of husk exfoliation process can be done equally, it’s required grading/sorting of sorghum seeds and tampering process be spread evenly. Tampering purposes to remove sorghum’s pericarp and tesla coating that contains tannin on endosperm section. This section able to reduce protein digestibility inside the human body and causes constipation. Center for Agricultural Engineering Research and Development (BBP Mektan) developed Sorghum grading machine with pneumatic type with work capacity 400 kg/hour. The aims of this study were : (i) to sorting sorghum seeds evenly (ii) to produce clean sorghum seeds. The testing of grading machine performance, includes: preparation, fabrication and modification, functional and performance test, and reporting. Sorting/grading machine use diesel motor driving force 6.5 HP and the dimension of the machine are 1610 x 1280 x 1820 mm. The capacity of sorting/grading machine able to achieve 400 kg/hour with the efficiency of sorghum’s seed uniformity around 86.25%.
Effect of Carrier Oil and Co-Solvent on The Formation of Clove Oil Nanoemulsion by Phase Inversion Technique
Authors: Yuliani S , Noveriza R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Development of nanoemulsion is gaining considerable attention for use in delivering hydrophobic constituents such as clove oil in foods and agriculture system. The small size of the oil droplets in the nanoemulsion system offers many advantages such as high stability, optical clarity, and improved water solubility and bioactivity. This research was aimed at investigating the effect of incorporation of carrier oil and co-solvent on the formation of clove nanoemulsion. Clove oil-loaded nanoemulsions were prepared by a low energy – phase inversion technique involving a carrier oil (medium chain triglyceride/MCT), at different ratios to the clove oil (1:2, 1:1, 2:1), a co-solvent (glycerol) at ratios of 0 and 1:1 to the mixture of clove oil and MCT and a non-ionic surfactant (Tween 80)at a ratio of 1:1, with two concentration levels of mixture of clove oil and MCT (5% and 10%). The formation and characteristics of nanoemulsion were evaluated including particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and freeze-thaw stability, as well as their possible mechanisms of destabilization. Particle sizes ranged from 45.98 to 220 nm with narrow ranges of polydispersity index (0.072 – 0.286) and zeta potentials (-12.8 and - 22.6 mV). Incorporation of carrier oil at low proportions gave smaller size of oil droplets, and the presence co-solvent enhanced nanoemulsion stabilization. Creaming accompanied by oiling- off was found upon destabilization of nanoemulsion with different rate and appearance as influenced by nanoemulsion composition. This study provides important information about stabilization of nanoemulsion by incorporating carrier oil and co-solvent suitable for foods and agrochemical formulation.
Stability Analysis of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Emulsion Affected by Iota Carrageenan
Authors: Al-Baarri A N , Legowo A M , Pramono Y B , Rizqiati H , Pratama Y , Masykuri  , Abduh S B M , Nurwantoro  , Septyaningrum A , Saraswati R O , Puspitoasih A D , Lestari F P , Widayat  
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Ginger is commonly used by Indonesian community as a main ingredient for making traditional beverages. Separation of solutions in the production process of traditional beverage based on ginger emulsions is often found and may reduce consumer interest. Addition of iota carrageenan is expected to increase emulsion stability that could be detected by the amount of sedimentation. This study was aimed to determine the emulsion stability of ginger emulsion with the addition of iota carrageenan. Ginger emulsion formulation contained iota carrageenan was prepared from 1–3% b/v of iota carrageenan added to 10–30% v/v ginger emulsion. The heat was applied to emulsion at 70°C. Emulsion stability was analysed by spectral analysis using UV- Vis spectrophotometer and calculating the amount of separated sediment for 10 minutes. The percentage analysis was applied to measure the emulsion stability. The results showed that iota carrageenan was suitable to maintain the emulsion stability up to the 10 minutes with while no iota addition was less maintain the stability. It showed that iota carrageenan could enhance the ginger emulsion.
Influence of Peanut Flour Addition on Rasi Process Production
Authors: Herawati H , Kamsiati E , Abubakar  
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Rasi is a cassava flour made from grains resembling rice granules. In general, rasi is processed by using cassava flour took tapioca and manual granulation after that dried. One of the disadvantages of rasi traditional process production is the form of granules that are not uniform and easily destroyed also has low protein and fat levels. Increasing the levels of fat and protein of rasi should be done the addition peanut flour. This study aimed to characterize the effect of adding peanut flour and improvement of granular formation method by using extrusion technology to physic chemical properties of the rasi product. There were three treatments of peanut flour addition, i.e 5, 10 and 15% that compared with control. The study was designed using a complete randomized design and the data obtained was analyzed using SPSS 2.1 software. Based on the result of the research, there was an increase of fat and protein content of rasi sample which added peanut flour. Peanut flour added constants have higher lightness and WI (Whiteness Index) values than controls. The amorphous phase of the constituents added with peanut flour was higher than the control, while the crystalline phase shows the opposite value. This was evident from the microstructural profile, where the constituents of peanut flour have starch granules that have started to break apart from the controls.
The Formulation of Low Methoxyl Pectin-Based Polyelectrolyte Complexes for Colonic Coating of Probiotic Cells
Authors: Usmiati S , Mangunwidjaja D , Noor E , Richana N , Prangdimurti E 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Polyelectrolyte Complex (PEC) was formed by a cross-linking process of different charges of two or more polymers with cation. The structure of a three-dimensional network of PEC facilitated encapsulation of probiotic cells. Some natural poly-ions belonging to polysaccharides and proteins were used for the PEC formation extensively. This study was aimed to obtain a positively charged polyelectrolyte complex as a colonic coating for probiotic cells using Layer-by-Layer (LbL) technique. This research was undertaken in completely randomized design with three replicates. Treatments comprised formulas containing the composition of Low Methoxyl Pectin (LMP), lysine and diethylamine at different levels of chitosan concentration (T1: chitosan of 0.050%, T2: chitosan of 0.075%; T3: chitosan of 0.100%) compared with control (T0: chitosan of 0%). Results showed that the treatments contributed to viscosity and nitrogen content of PEC. This research gained the best result on T3, where the use of chitosan of 0.100% in the formula made up of LMP, chitosan, lysine and diethylamine characterized by stable positive charges, nitrogen content of 0.00688% and viscosity of 18.53 cP. The application of LMP polyelectrolite (LMPpe) complex of the T3 for probiotic cells coating resulted in good viability until it reached colon with population of 7.67 log cfu/mL (4.67x107 cfu/mL).
Effect of Emulsifier Variation on The Stability of Carotene Nanoemulsion
Authors: Dewandari K T , Sofwan G , Tjahyono H 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Red palm oil has a high content of carotenoids. β-carotene as the highest content of red palm oil acts as antioxidant but with low stability. Nanoemulsion is a system with oil in water emulsion (o / w) with nano size particle scale to increase the solubility and stability of bioactive components contained in red palm oil with 10-1000 nm scale . The purpose of this study was to determine the physical stability and total carotenoids content in nanoemulsion of red palm oil concentrate. The process of making nanoemulsion carotene concentrate was using High Pressure Homogenizer with variation of emulsifier. The emulsifier used was tween 20 and span 80 with ratio as follows 3:7 (F1), 7:3 (F2), 5:5 (F3) and 10:0 (F4). Parameters observed were pH, color, particle size and polydispersity index and stability of nanoemulsion. The results showed that formula F1 had the best physical stability compared to other formulas with particle size of 160.9 nm and total carotene of 1,710 ppm.
Potency of Protein Cocoa Beans as Food Bioactive Precursor to Prevent Hypertension
Authors: Haliza W , Purwani E Y , Fardiaz D , Thenawidjaja M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Cocoa beans are superior plantation commodity in Indonesia. The fermentation practice on cocoa beans process has a very important role not only to produce quality seeds but also bioactive peptides. Proteolysis that occurs during cocoa fermentation can produce peptide fragments that have health benefits, such as antihypertension. Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and has an important impact on public health. Scientific research gathered strong evidence about the role of cocoa beans peptide involved in biochemical pathways in the control of blood pressure that is endothelin converting enzyme systems. This paper describes the current literature that explain potency of protein cocoa beans in action on angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition, that might antihypertensive effects of biologically active peptides from cocoa beans.
Kinetics of shallot powder (Allium ascalonicum) quality change during storage and its shelf life
Authors: Sukasih E , Permata A C , Bintang M , Setyadjit  
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Shallot powder is one type of processed products that have a potential to be developed for the time being. The purpose of this research was to study the kinetics of shallot powder quality change during storage and its shelf life. Shallot powder were packed with three packings such as aluminium foil only, aluminium foil covered with PP plastic film, aluminium foil covered with PP plastic film and vacuum condition. Next, samples were stored in three temperatures i.e 20°C, 30°C, and 40°C for 32 days and then observed at four days interval. Parameters observed in this study were color, moisture content, total phenol content, and antioxidant activity. The increase and decrease of each parameter is shown based on the slope value. The results showed that during storage there was increased color, and moisture content at all storage temperatures, while for ash content, total phenol, and antioxidant activity decreased. Shallot powder packed with aluminium foil covered with PP plastic film and vacuum condition has the longest shelf life prediction at all the temperature storages. The shallot powder has 447.37 days at 20°C, for 328.24 days at 30°C, and for 245.64 days at 40°C for predicted of shelf life.
The Usage of Dried Starter for Re-Fermentation of Unfermented Cocoa Beans
Authors: Hernani  , Hidayat T , Mulyawanti I 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In order to improve the quality of cocoa beans, it has been made by re-fermentation of unfermented beans using dried starter. The methodology used in the fermentation process using a dry starter with the concentration of 1, 2 and 3% towards the quality of cocoa beans produced. The design of experiments was used completely randomized design (RAL) with two replications. Observations during the fermentation of cocoa beans were temperature, pH, alcohol and acid contents, whereas for the quality of dry beans were determined moisture content, ash, protein, fat, free fatty acid (FFA), fermentation index (IF). The flavor was also detected by GCMS. The results showed that during fermentation, the temperature was increased on the first day, then decreasing until day 6. Afterward, the pH tended to increase until day 7. Furthermore, alcohol and acid content (acetic and lactic acids) tends to decrease. The quality of dry beans gave moisture content, ash, protein, fat and FFA ranges from 8.12 to 9.21; 4.07 to 4.16; 21.28 to 22.06; 31.52 to 34.90 and 0.44 to 0.51, respectively. Index fermentation of 2% starter concentration gave the best value. Flavor compounds were detected on the re-fermented cocoa beans, namely the group of compounds pyrazines, ketones, aldehyde, alcohol, acid and pyron groups.
Rapid Testing of Aflatoxin by Using Image Processing and Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Soemantri A S , Miskiyah  , Juniawati  , Diyono W 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Aflatoxin can be recognized clearly by using UV-light. This information is very important to develop the device for detecting the aflatoxin inside the corn by using image processing. Current research related to identification of aflatoxin has been conducted manually by the experts. This method have some weakness including subjectivity factors, inconsistent result, and time required used. Based on the problems above, it needed to create the rapid testing device for identification of aflatoxin with consistence result, accurate and easy tooperate. The research aimed to develop the device for rapid testing of aflatoxin. The method used image processing and artificial neural network. The raw material used was the corn. The image of aflatoxin taken by using digital camera (Gopro 4) and processed by image processing program. ANN model was developed with 10 input parameters, 20 hidden layers and 4 targets. The fourth of targets above were the size of aflatoxin such as 1 - 2 ppb, 2 – 3 ppb, 3 – 4 ppb dan 4 - 5 ppb. The result showed that the characteristics of image were very specific among the input parameters and the most influential to recognize the object was the longest diameter of aflatoxin. The result of training showed that the size of aflatoxin can be recognized by the system was 100%, while the validation by using the different sample was 99%. Based on this research can be conclude that image processing can be used as the rapid testing of aflatoxin.
Analytical tools beyond Gini index to study inequality: a case of City of Blitar, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Irawan A , Santoso E B 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper demonstrates the use of some analytical tools beyond usual Gini index to study inequality in the City of Blitar (henceforth, Blitar), East Java, Indonesia. The Blitar’s mid-term development plan has set social and macroeconomics indicators as basis to evaluate how local development is carried out by the city government. Of the government’s primary concerns is how the city’s economic pie is distributed between its citizens. As in many other places or context, Gini index has long been a to-go indicator to gauge inequality at first glance. Gini is in fact a never obsolete since it has many desirable properties to be a good indicator for inequality. However, it is necessary to go deeper so the policy makers would better understand the inequality decomposition and dynamics. Attempts to understand inequality should also include an assessment whether the observed growth is pro-poor. Better equality and pro-poor growth make quality growth, which is a primary dimension of sustainable development goals. This paper offers rather comprehensive yet practical guidance for policy analysts or planning practitioners to study inequality in a more meaningful way.
The study of potential area for urban farming at Surabaya City
Authors: Umilia E , Saptarini D 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Surabaya City is one of the big cities at East Java with rapid area development. This rapid area development, as usual, is followed by the rising of its citizen’s growth, which creates a challenge in fulfilling the food necessity. This problem causes the food prices to escalate because of its limited amount, but on the other hand, the requests are kept on increasing. Now on, food security is an important issue for Surabaya City. Thus, efforts of increasing the food security level must be done, one of these efforts is urban farming. This study aims to locate the suitable areas for urban farming activities at Surabaya City. To gain that aim, an analysis method of Wight Overlay is used. From This Weight Overlay Analysis, the result retrieved is in the form of chosen areas’ map which can be used as the urban farming activities locations. The chosen areas are distributed over to some locations at four districts of Benowo, Lakarsantri, Pakal, and Sambikerep.