bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opioid‐related overdose deaths by industry and occupation—Massachusetts, 2011‐2015
Authors: Hawkins Devan , Roelofs Cora , Laing James , Davis Letitia 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThousands of people in the United States continue to die from opioid overdoses every year. Work‐related injuries and other factors associated with work may increase exposure to opioids and, subsequently, opioid‐related overdose deaths (OROD). This study sought to determine whether OROD rates differed by industry and occupation and explored work‐related factors that might contribute to these differences.MethodsWe coded industry and occupation information on death certificates for all OROD among Massachusetts residents from 2011 to 2015. We estimated rates of OROD by industry and occupation using Massachusetts employment data. National survey data were used to explore whether work‐related factors known to vary by occupation (occupational injury and illness, job insecurity, and paid sick leave) correlate to observed differences in OROD.ResultsSeveral industries and occupation groups had rates of OROD that were significantly higher than the rates for other workers. Construction workers and fishing workers stood out for having OROD rates many times higher than the average for all workers. Occupation groups with high rates of occupational injuries and illnesses, high job insecurity, and low availability of paid sick leave had higher rates of OROD.ConclusionsThese findings underscore the need for policy and educational interventions to reduce OROD tailored to the needs of high rate worker populations. Interventions should address workplace hazards that cause injuries for which opioids are prescribed, as well as best practices in medical management and return to work following injury, safer prescribing, enhanced access to treatment for opioid use disorders, and overdose prevention education.
Granulomatous lung disease in two workers making light bulbs
Authors: Ronsmans Steven , Verbeken Eric K , Adams Els , Keirsbilck Stephan , Yserbyt Jonas , Wuyts Wim A , Swennen Rudy , Hoet Peter HM , Nemery Benoit 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundAssociations between sarcoidosis or sarcoid‐like granulomatous lung disease and exposure to silica and other inorganic agents have been suggested in several studies.CasesWe describe granulomatous lung disease in two workers of a small production unit making metal‐halide lamps. Initially, both were diagnosed with sarcoidosis. However, in both men, birefringent particles were observed in the lung or mediastinal lymph node biopsies. Clipping of glass tubes led to moderate exposure to dust, consisting mainly of amorphous fused silica, with some cristobalite. After removal from exposure, both subjects improved clinically, radiologically, and functionally.ConclusionThe present cases support the hypothesis that silica might be a trigger for sarcoid‐like granulomatous lung disease. Sarcoidosis should be considered a diagnosis of exclusion and clinicians should carefully collect occupational and environmental exposure histories to identify workplace triggers.
Prevalence of hearing loss among noise‐exposed workers within the Mining and Oil and Gas Extraction sectors, 2006‐2015
Authors: Lawson Sean M. , Masterson Elizabeth A. , Azman Amanda S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of hearing loss (HL) among noise‐exposed US workers within the Mining, and Oil and Gas Extraction (OGE) sectors.MethodsAudiograms of 1.9 million workers across all industries (including 9389 in Mining and 1076 in OGE) from 2006 to 2015 were examined. Prevalence and adjusted risk as compared to a reference industry (Couriers and Messengers) were estimated for all industries combined and the Mining and OGE sectors and subsectors.ResultsThe prevalences of HL in Mining and OGE were 24% and 14%, respectively, compared with 16% for all industries combined. Many Mining and one OGE subsector exceeded these prevalences and most had an adjusted risk (prevalence ratio) significantly greater than the reference industry. Some subsectors, particularly in OGE, could not be examined due to low sample size. The prevalences in Construction Sand and Gravel Mining and Natural Gas Liquid Extraction were 36% and 28%, respectively. Workers within Support Activities for Coal Mining had double the risk of HL than workers in the reference industry.ConclusionsThe many subsectors identified with high prevalences and/or worker risks for HL well above risks in the reference industry need critical attention to conserve worker hearing and maintain worker quality of life. Administrative and engineering controls can reduce worker hazardous noise exposures. Noise and ototoxic chemical exposure information is needed for many subsectors, as is audiometric testing results for OGE workers. Additional research is also needed to further characterize exposures and improve hearing conservation measures.
Structural and Computational Analysis of 2‐Halogeno‐Glycosyl Cations in the Presence of a Superacid: An Expansive Platform
Authors: Lebedel Ludivine , Ardá Ana , Martin Amélie , Désiré Jérôme , Mingot Agnès , Aufiero Marialuisa , Aiguabella Font Nuria , Gilmour Ryan , Jiménez‐Barbero Jesus , Blériot Yves , Thibaudeau Sébastien 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAn expansive NMR‐based structural analysis of elusive glycosyl cations derived from natural and non‐natural monosaccharides in superacids is disclosed. For the first time, it has been possible to explore the consequence of deoxygenation and halogen substitution at the C2 position in a series of 2‐halogenoglucosyl, galactosyl, and mannosyl donors in the condensed phase. These cationic intermediates were characterized using low‐temperature in situ NMR experiments supported by DFT calculations. The 2‐bromo derivatives display intramolecular stabilization of the glycosyl cations. Introducing a strongly electron‐withdrawing fluorine atom at C2 exerts considerable influence on the oxocarbenium ion reactivity. In a superacid, these oxocarbenium ions are quenched by weakly coordinating SbF6− anions, thereby demonstrating their highly electrophilic character and their propensity to interact with poor nucleophiles.
Unraveling the Light‐Activated Reaction Mechanism in a Catalytically Competent Key Intermediate of a Multifunctional Molecular Catalyst for Artificial Photosynthesis
Authors: Zedler Linda , Mengele Alexander Klaus , Ziems Karl Michael , Zhang Ying , Wächtler Maria , Gräfe Stefanie , Pascher Torbjörn , Rau Sven , Kupfer Stephan , Dietzek Benjamin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUnderstanding photodriven multielectron reaction pathways requires the identification and spectroscopic characterization of intermediates and their excited‐state dynamics, which is very challenging due to their short lifetimes. To the best of our knowledge, this manuscript reports for the first time on in situ spectroelectrochemistry as an alternative approach to study the excited‐state properties of reactive intermediates of photocatalytic cycles. UV/Vis, resonance‐Raman, and transient‐absorption spectroscopy have been employed to characterize the catalytically competent intermediate [(tbbpy)2RuII(tpphz)RhICp*] of [(tbbpy)2Ru(tpphz)Rh(Cp*)Cl]Cl(PF6)2 (Ru(tpphz)RhCp*), a photocatalyst for the hydrogenation of nicotinamide (NAD‐analogue) and proton reduction, generated by electrochemical and chemical reduction. Electronic transitions shifting electron density from the activated catalytic center to the bridging tpphz ligand significantly reduce the catalytic activity upon visible‐light irradiation.
Bi2O3 Nanosheets Grown on Multi‐Channel Carbon Matrix to Catalyze Efficient CO2 Electroreduction to HCOOH
Authors: Liu Subiao , Lu Xue Feng , Xiao Jing , Wang Xin , Lou Xiong Wen (David) 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBi2O3 nanosheets were grown on a conductive multiple channel carbon matrix (MCCM) for CO2RR. The obtained electrocatalyst shows a desirable partial current density of ca. 17.7 mA cm−2 at a moderate overpotential, and it is highly selective towards HCOOH formation with Faradaic efficiency approaching 90 % in a wide potential window and its maximum value of 93.8 % at −1.256 V. It also exhibits a maximum energy efficiency of 55.3 % at an overpotential of 0.846 V and long‐term stability of 12 h with negligible degradation. The superior performance is attributed to the synergistic contribution of the interwoven MCCM and the hierarchical Bi2O3 nanosheets, where the MCCM provides an accelerated electron transfer, increased CO2 adsorption, and a high ratio of pyrrolic‐N and pyridinic‐N, while ultrathin Bi2O3 nanosheets offer abundant active sites, lowered contact resistance and work function as well as a shortened diffusion pathway for electrolyte.
Elektrochemische Rasterzellmikroskopie einzelner ZIF‐basierter Nanokompositpartikel als Elektrokatalysatoren für die Sauerstoffentwicklung in alkalischen Medien
Authors: Tarnev Tsvetan , Aiyappa Harshitha Barike , Botz Alexander , Erichsen Thomas , Ernst Andrzej , Andronescu Corina , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEinzelpartikel‐Messungen (“single entity”) sind essentiell für das Verständnis von Nanopartikel‐Elektrokatalysatoren, ohne Limitierung durch Stofftransport und lokale Änderungen der Eduktkonzentration oder des pH‐Wertes. Wir berichten über die elektrochemische Rasterzellmikroskopie (SECCM) an Kompositpartikeln aus Co/N‐dotiertem Kohlenstoff, abgeleitet aus ZIF‐67, hinsichtlich der Sauerstoffentwicklungsreaktion (OER). Um die inhärenten SECCM Schwierigkeiten der Oberflächenbenetzung in alkalischer Lösung sowie des Potentialdrifts zu überwinden, wurde ein nicht störender Os‐Komplex als frei diffundierender interner Potentialstandard verwendet. Die ermittelte Turnover‐Frequenz (TOF) beträgt 0,25 bis 1,5 s−1 bei Potentialen zwischen 1,7 und 1,8 V vs. RHE und korreliert mit der Anzahl der Co‐Atome in jedem Partikel. Konstante Werte an Orten mit unterschiedlicher Partikelanzahl belegen die OER‐Aktivität ohne den Einfluss makroskopischer Filmeffekte.
Role of rheology on the formation of Nanofibers from pectin and polyethylene oxide blends
Authors: Akinalan Balik Busra , Argin Sanem 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTCharacterizing the parameters critical to the prediction of a successful electrospinning process from solution properties is essential, yet, not easy in the case of biopolymers. In this study, we attempted to present a broad perspective by simultaneously evaluating the effect of eight different parameters, namely zero shear viscosity, tip viscosity, elastic modulus, phase angle, cohesive energy, pH, conductivity, and surface tension, on the formation of smooth pectin nanofibers. Our results showed that (1) the viscosity of the solution is not an indication of jet formation, but once the jet is formed, high zero shear viscosity and high tip viscosity are required to maintain a dominant whipping instability for smooth nanofiber formation and (2) while evaluating the elasticity of the spinning solutions, comparing only the elastic modulus values would be misleading, since low phase angle values are also necessary for pectin solutions to be electrospun into nonbeaded fibers. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48294.
Using low‐cost drones to monitor heterogeneous submerged seaweed habitats: A case study in the Azores
Authors: Kellaris Alexandros , Gil Artur , Faria João , Amaral Ruben , Moreu‐Badia Ignacio , Neto Ana , Yesson Chris 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Remote sensing is a powerful monitoring tool for seaweeds, providing large‐scale insights into their ecosystem benefits and invasive impacts. Satellites and manned aircraft have been widely used for this purpose, but their spatial resolution is generally insufficient to map heterogeneous seaweed habitats.
In this study, the potential of low‐cost and high‐resolution drone imagery to map heterogeneous seaweed habitats was assessed on Azorean coasts, where an invasive and commercial species, Asparagopsis armata, is present. A Phantom Pro 3 drone equipped with a visible‐light sensor was used to create photomosaics in three sites on São Miguel island, and ground‐truth data for various seaweed groups were collected with exploratory kayak sampling. Support‐vector machine, random forest, and artificial neural network algorithms were used to construct predictive models of seaweed coverage.
Wind, clouds, and sun glint were the most significant factors affecting drone surveys and images. Exploratory sampling helped locate relatively homogeneous seaweed patches; however, the data were limited and spatially autocorrelated, contributing to overoptimistic model evaluation metrics. Moreover, the models struggled to distinguish seaweeds deeper than 3–4 m.
In conclusion, using drones to monitor heterogeneous seaweed habitats is challenging, especially in oceanic islands where waters are deep and weather is unpredictable. However, this study highlights the potential use of photo‐interpretation to collect modelling data from drone imagery, instead of time‐consuming exploratory ground‐truth sampling. Future studies could assess drones to map seaweeds in less challenging conditions and use photo‐interpretation to improve collection of modelling data.
Output‐feedback‐based sliding mode control for networked control systems subject to packet loss and quantization
Authors: Li Jiarui , Niu Yugang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this paper, observer‐based sliding mode control is considered for networked control systems subject to quantization, in which packet dropout may happen when the measurement output is transmitted from the sensor to the controller. Firstly, a compensating scheme is proposed to deal with the effect of packet loss modelled as a Bernoulli process. Then, by means of available output information and state observer, the desirable sliding mode controller is designed. Furthermore, both the reachability and the stochastic stability of sliding mode dynamics can be attained and the corresponding sufficient conditions are derived. Finally, numerical simulation results are provided to illustrate the proposed control law.
Optical fog‐assisted smart learning framework to enhance students’ employability in engineering education
Authors: Sood Sandeep K. , Singh Kiran Deep 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn the present scenario, the state of engineering education worldwide is facing a big challenge of the employability of graduates. Cloud computing technology has changed the educational landscape by allowing educators and administrators to shift to the cloud for making actionable decisions. In this paper, a smart learning framework is proposed where universities/colleges can advocate the management of employability enhancement and start skill‐set enhancement courses through e‐learning. This proposed framework monitors the academic/skill data of students to classify their employability at the early stage of graduation. In addition, an algorithm is proposed for skill‐set assessment to find various clusters of students who lack in required skill‐set. The predicted clusters of students can be offered opportunities to improve their required skill‐set through e‐learning. Further, we used the design science research methodology for conducting online courses. Moreover, the prediction of resource usage of the proposed e‐learning framework is calculated to improve its effectiveness. In our experiment, results show that our proposed hybrid classier achieves 96.45% accuracy of classification. The prediction of resource usage offers better opportunities for adaptive resource elasticity. The results depict that by introducing the proposed framework in engineering education; more effective decisions can be made to improve the employability and overall growth of students.
Learning methodology based on weld virtual models in the mechanical engineering classroom
Authors: Rodríguez‐Martín Manuel , Rodríguez‐Gonzálvez Pablo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWelding inspection activities within engineering degree programs are usable in practice. The competences acquired through these are usually contextualized in laboratory environments, using for its physical samples of welds, which used to be are scarce and expensive. In this study, a new methodology based on three‐dimensional macro‐photogrammetric models of welds is designed and actively implemented in the classroom, with students of mechanical engineering to evaluate different aspects about the suitability and learning performance of this novel methodology. To obtain the research conclusions, the activities have been chosen to evaluate four important aspects of it: usability, learning, motivation, and scalability. Results demonstrate that the adequate acceptation of the novel methodology studied, making possible new approaches for the acquisition of the competences related the welding inspection in the engineering education context.
A learning analytics tool for the support of the flipped classroom
Authors: Rubio‐Fernández Aarón , Muñoz‐Merino Pedro J. , Delgado Kloos Carlos 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNowadays, there are quite a few experiences of the use of the flipped classroom (FC) in engineering education due to their advantages in comparison with the traditional methodology. The possibility of promoting students’ active learning under the FC can lead to improvements in the learning outcomes. Nonetheless, there are several issues that arise when using the FC (such as the students’ need of preparing the face‐to‐face lesson) that must be addressed. To take advantage of the whole potential of the FC, we propose the application of learning analytics (LA) to improve the FC. In particular, we define a methodology that proposes a set of recommended actions to be done to enhance a specific type of flipped classroom through LA. Moreover, we present a LA tool designed and implemented specifically for this methodology. This tool allows teachers to obtain relevant information needed to improve their FC experiences. The information is provided using several visualizations that are analyzed and explained in detail. We illustrate the use of the tool with students from engineering courses.
A randomized phase II trial of nab‐paclitaxel and gemcitabine with tarextumab or placebo in patients with untreated metastatic pancreatic cancer
Authors: Hu Zishuo Ian , Bendell Johanna C. , Bullock Andrea , LoConte Noelle K. , Hatoum Hassan , Ritch Paul , Hool Hugo , Leach Joseph W. , Sanchez James , Sohal Davendra P. S. , Strickler John , Patel Ravindranath , Wang‐Gillam Andrea , Firdaus Irfan , Yu Kenneth H. , Kapoun Ann M. , Holmgren Eric , Zhou Lei , Dupont Jakob , Picozzi Vincent , Sahai Vaibhav , O'Reilly Eileen M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPurposeNotch signaling dysregulation is implicated in the development of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Tarextumab is a fully human IgG2 antibody that inhibits Notch2/3 receptors.Patients and MethodsAphase 2, randomized, placebo‐controlled, multicenter trial evaluated the activity of tarextumab in combination with nab‐paclitaxel and gemcitabine in patients with metastatic PDAC. Patients were stratified based on ECOG performance score and Ca 19‐9 level and randomized 1:1 to nab‐paclitaxel, gemcitabine with either tarextumab or placebo. Based on preclinical and phase Ib results suggesting a positive correlation between Notch3 gene expression and tarextumab anti‐tumor activity, patients were also divided into subgroups of low, intermediate, and high Notch3 gene expression. Primary endpoint was overall survival (OS) in all and in patients with the three Notch3 gene expression subgroups (≥25th, ≥50% and ≥75% percentiles); secondary end points included progression‐free survival (PFS), 12‐month OS, overall response rate (ORR), and safety and biomarker investigation.ResultsMedian OS was 6.4 months in the tarextumab group vs 7.9 months in the placebo group (HR = 1.34 [95% CI = 0.95, 1.89], P = .0985). No difference observed in OS in the Notch3 gene expression subgroups. PFS in the tarextumab‐treated group (3.7 months) was significantly shorter compared with the placebo group (5.5 months) (hazard ratio was 1.43 [95% CI = 1.01, 2.01]; P = .04). Grade 3 diarrhea and thrombocytopenia were more common in the tarextumab group.ConclusionsThe addition of tarextumab to nab‐paclitaxel and gemcitabine did not improve OS, PFS, or ORR in first‐line metastatic PDAC, and PFS was specifically statistically worse in the tarextumab‐treated patients.Clinical trial registry noNCT01647828.
A linear lesion in a child with atopic dermatitis: Not a coincidence
Authors: Van Gysel Julie , Grimalt Ramon 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA blaschkolinear lesion in a patient with atopic dermatitis can be a superimposed segmental manifestation of this polygenic disorder. Knowledge of this phenomenon, presence of less severe, disseminated, symmetrically distributed lesions of the same disorder and, if necessary, histology are helpful in the differential diagnosis from other linear inflammatory diseases.
Porous Si@SiOx@N‐Rich Carbon Nanofibers as Anode in Lithium‐Ion Batteries under High Temperature
Authors: Xia Qi , Xu Anding , Huang Chuyun , Yan Yurong , Wu Songping 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA facile electrospinning technique followed by pre‐oxidation and carbonization treatment is adopted to synthesize silicon anode cladded with SiOx layer and N‐rich carbon nanofibers (Si@SiOx@NCNFs), in which post‐used polyacrylonitrile (PAN) yarn is chosen as single carbon source. As anode in Li‐ion batteries, elaborately designed Si@SiOx@NCNFs renders remarkable reversible capacities of 1045 mA h g−1 at the 500th cycle under a current density of 8 A g−1 at 80°C, and 828 mA h g−1 after subsequent 500 cycles at 15 A g−1, mainly ascribed to the distinct hierarchical structure, N‐rich nature and enhanced pesudocapacitive behavior. When Si@SiOx@NCNFs is matched with commercial cathode LiFePO4, full cell delivers a stable capacity of 140 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1, accompanying with an energy density of 455 Wh kg−1 at 50 °C. These conspicuous features undoubtedly enable Si@SiOx@NCNFs to be promising anode materials for high‐power lithium‐ion battery used in harsh conditions.
Negishi's Reagent Versus Rosenthal's Reagent in the Formation of Zirconacyclopentadienes
Authors: Urrego‐Riveros Sara , Ramirez y Medina Isabel‐Maria , Duvinage Daniel , Lork Enno , Sönnichsen Frank D. , Staubitz Anne 
Published: July 2019

AbstractZirconacyclopentadienes are versatile precursors for a large number of heteroles, which are accessible by Zr‐element exchange reactions. The vast majority of reports describe their preparation by the use of Negishi′s reagent, which is a species that is formed in situ. The zirconacyclopentadiene is then formed by the addition of one equivalent of a diyne or two equivalents of a monoyne moiety to this Negishi species. Another route involves Rosenthal′s reagent (Cp2Zr(py)Me3SiC≡CSiMe3), which then reacts with a diyne or monoyne moiety. In this work, the efficiency of both routes was compared in terms of reaction time, stability of the product in the reaction mixture, and yield. The synthetic implications of using both routes are evaluated. Novel zirconacyclopentadienes were synthesized, characterized directly from the reaction mixture, and crystal structures could be obtained in most cases.