bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurobiologische Modelle bei somatoformen Beschwerden
Authors: Gündel H. , Noll-Hussong M. 
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung: Somatoforme Störungen sind eine in sich heterogene Gruppe. Schmerzen stellen dabei eine sehr häufige Symptomatik dar. Das Wissen über neurobiologische Korrelate somatoformer Schmerzen ist enorm gewachsen. Methodik: Mittels einer selektiven Literaturanalyse werden aktuelle Erkenntnisse zum Zusammenhang von somatoformen Schmerzen und zwischenmenschlichen Beziehungsstörungen dargestellt. Ergebnisse: Sowohl (frühkindliche) Beziehungstraumata als auch biografisch spätere und aktuelle Störungen der zwischenmenschlichen Beziehungen können sich in Form von chronischen Schmerzen äußern. Schmerz kann in einer Untergruppe von Betroffenen den Charakter eines Gefühls wie Wut, Angst oder Traurigkeit annehmen. Die diesbezüglichen neurobiologischen Grundlagen sind hochkomplex und betreffen u.a. sowohl genetische, molekulare und neurale Mechanismen. Schlussfolgerung: Die Ätiologie von somatoformen Störungen ist multifaktoriell, die Grenzen zwischen einer mehr primär psychoreaktiven bzw. psychosozialen und einer mehr primär biologischen Genese fließend. Psychosoziale Einflüsse spielen gerade in Anbetracht der modernen neurobiologischen Erkenntnisse bei vielen chronischen Schmerzpatienten eine wichtige Rolle. Primär seelischer Schmerz kann sich primär somatisch ausdrücken, aber auch in anderer Richtung gibt es eine entsprechende Beeinflussbarkeit. Daher sollte die Möglichkeit psychotherapeutischer (Mit-)Behandlung bei vorliegender chronischer Schmerzstörung immer sorgfältig geprüft werden. Hierbei müssen zusätzlich kulturelle wie historische Einflüsse berücksichtigt werden.
Komplexe affektive Erkrankungen – eine klinische Herausforderung
Authors: Jobst A. , Sabaß L. , Falkai P. , Padberg F. 
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung: Patienten mit komplexer, anhaltender affektiver Symptomatik einschließlich verschiedener Verlaufsformen chronischer Depressionen sind schwer zu behandeln und stellen eine besondere Herausforderung dar. Auch die Diagnosefindung ist aufgrund von Komorbiditäten und fehlender spezifischer Diagnosekriterien oft erschwert. Die vorliegende Fallvignette zeigt Herangehensweisen in der Behandlung dieser komplexen Störungsbilder auf. Methode: Eine 33-jährige Patientin wurde mit einem depressiv-suizidalen Syndrom vor dem Hintergrund traumatischer Kindheitserfahrungen auf die psychiatrische Akutstation aufgenommen. Nach prolongierter Behandlung und Diagnosefindung wurde die Patientin mit der Arbeitsdiagnose einer „chronischen Depression“ zur stationären Psychotherapie auf die Spezialstation für komplexe affektive Erkrankungen verlegt. Dort lag der Schwerpunkt auf der psychotherapeutischen Behandlung nach dem Konzept des Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP). Zusammenfassung: Mit diesem Fall beschreiben wir eine wirksame Therapiemethode für Patienten mit komplexen affektiven Erkrankungen. Auch für Patienten mit Komorbiditäten könnte das CBASP eine vielversprechende Behandlungsmethode sein.
Prävention – Herausforderungen an eine Entwicklungspsychiatrie
Authors: Schury K. , Fegert J. M. 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungBeeinträchtigte individuelle Lebensqualität und die zunehmende ökonomische Bedeutung psychischer Erkrankungen machen eine genuin entwicklungspsychiatrische Diskussion über Prävention und Frühintervention bei psychischen Erkrankungen unabdingbar. Allerdings scheint sich die medizinisch psychiatrische Kompetenz hierbei primär auf die kurative Seite zu beschränken oder beschränken zu lassen. In Europa existieren zahlreiche Präventionsprogramme. Die einzelnen Akteure sind jedoch oft unkoordiniert, Maßnahmen nicht abgestimmt und häufig nicht empirisch evaluiert. Wachsende Erkenntnisse über molekulare Entstehungsprozesse psychischer Erkrankungen lassen Therapieoptionen, die bereits in der Krankheitsentstehung ansetzen, zukünftig möglich erscheinen. Die Rolle von Surrogat-Markern und die Rahmenbedingungen für die Erforschung indizierter Präventions- und Frühinterventionsansätze müssen jedoch definiert werden. Die psychiatrischen Fächer könnten mit ihrer Expertise in der Evaluation von Interventionen und ihrem Wissen um protektive Faktoren und Entwicklungsverläufe wichtige Beiträge für eine empirischfundierte wirksame Prävention psychischer Störungen in der Lebensspanne leisten.
Experimentelle Behandlungsverfahren bei Angsterkrankungen - Einblick in die Therapieforschung
Authors: Vennewald N. , Diemer J. , Fallgatter A. , Mühlberger A. , Ströhle A. , Zwanzger P. 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungAngsterkrankungen gehören zu den häufigsten psychischen Störungen und stellen wegen ihrer erheblichen Tendenz zur Chronifizierung auch in sozioökonomischer Hinsicht eine Belastung dar. Therapeutisch zählen sowohl die Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie (KVT) als auch die Pharmakotherapie zu den Verfahren der ersten Wahl. Allerdings spricht ein Teil der Patienten nicht oder nur unzureichend auf die Behandlung an. Die Verbesserung bestehender sowie die Entwicklung neuer Therapieverfahren sind daher weiterhin zentrales Forschungsziel. Ein Forschungsansatz beschäftigt sich mit experimentellen Behandlungsverfahren, darunter die repetitive Transkranielle Magnetstimulation (rTMS), die Expositionstherapie in Virtueller Realität (VR) sowie die Augmentation einer Expositionstherapie mit D-Cycloserin (DCS).
Inhalatives Loxapin – Neue Option in der Therapie akuter Agitation bei Patienten mit Schizophrenie oder bipolaren
Störungen
Authors: Juckel G. 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungInhalatives Loxapin ist eine neue nicht-invasive Therapieoption zur Behandlung akuter Agitation bei Patienten mit Schizophrenie oder bipolaren Störungen. Zu dem Wirkstoff selbst liegen umfangreiche Wirksamkeits- und Verträglichkeitsdaten vor, da er international bereits seit vielen Jahren in der Behandlung psychotischer Störungen eingesetzt wird. Klinische Studiendaten zu der neuen inhalativen Darreichungsform von Loxapin zeigen in der Behandlung leichter bis mittelschwerer Agitation eine rasche Wirkung auf die akute Symptomatik. Der in klinischen Studien dokumentierte Wirkeintritt ist mit zehn Minuten sehr schnell. Das nachfolgende Review fasst die pharmakologischen und klinischen Studiendaten zu inhalativem Loxapin zusammen.
Correction: Knowledge management for policy impact: the case of the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre
Authors: Topp Lene , Mair David , Smillie Laura , Cairney Paul 
Published: September 2018

The affiliation for authors Lene Topp, David Mair and Laura Smillie was incorrectly stated as “Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Retieseweg 111, 2440, Geel, Belgium”. This has been corrected to “Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Brussels, Belgium”.In Table 2, the row labeled “Advising policymakers”, in the column labeled “The cautionary tale” the cell reads “Researchers become marginalised and rarely trusted in day to day politics. Policymakers receive evidence but remain sure about its relevance and risk of inaction”. This has been corrected to “The cautionary tale” the cell reads “Researchers become marginalised and rarely trusted in day to day politics. Policymakers receive evidence but remain unsure about its relevance and risk of inaction”.This has been corrected in both the HTML and PDF versions of this paper.
Cortical circuit activity underlying sleep slow oscillations and spindles
Authors: Niethard Niels , Ngo Hong-Viet V. , Ehrlich Ingrid , Born Jan 
Published: September 2018

SignificanceSlow oscillations and spindles are hallmarks of the EEG during slow-wave sleep. They are thought to support memory consolidation, particularly in instances where the faster spindle nests into the “upstate” of a slow oscillation. Using two-photon and wide-field imaging, we recorded calcium transients from distinct populations of cortical excitatory and inhibitory neurons during sleep in mice. Compared with spindles or slow oscillations occurring in isolation, events where spindles nested in a slow oscillation upstate were indeed accompanied by a unique pattern of calcium activity where high pyramidal cell activity appears to concur with high perisomatic inhibition through parvalbumin-positive interneurons and with low dendritic inhibition through somatostatin-positive interneurons. These conditions might foster dendritic plasticity.
LRRK2 and its substrate Rab GTPases are sequentially targeted onto stressed lysosomes and maintain their homeostasis
Authors: Eguchi Tomoya , Kuwahara Tomoki , Sakurai Maria , Komori Tadayuki , Fujimoto Tetta , Ito Genta , Yoshimura Shin-ichiro , Harada Akihiro , Fukuda Mitsunori , Koike Masato , Iwatsubo Takeshi 
Published: September 2018

Significance
LRRK2, a protein kinase related to Parkinson’s disease, is implicated in the maintenance of lysosomes, and a subset of Rab GTPases has been identified as bona fide substrates of LRRK2. Here, we reveal a key stress-responsive pathway composed of Rab7L1, LRRK2, and phosphorylated Rab8/10 involved in lysosomal homeostasis. Lysosomal overload stress induces translocation of Rab7L1 and LRRK2 to lysosomes, where LRRK2 is activated, and stabilizes Rab8 and Rab10 through phosphorylation. The activation of this machinery protects against lysosomal enlargement and upregulates lysosomal secretion through Rab effectors, EHBP1 and EHBP1L1. These findings elucidate a novel regulatory mechanism of Rab GTPases by phosphorylation by LRRK2 in stressed lysosomes, which may also be involved in the pathomechanism of LRRK2-related disorders.
Hierarchical Brain Network for Face and Voice Integration of Emotion Expression
Authors: Davies-Thompson Jodie , Elli Giulia V , Rezk Mohamed , Benetti Stefania , van Ackeren Markus , Collignon Olivier 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The brain has separate specialized computational units to process faces and voices located in occipital and temporal cortices. However, humans seamlessly integrate signals from the faces and voices of others for optimal social interaction. How are emotional expressions, when delivered by different sensory modalities (faces and voices), integrated in the brain? In this study, we characterized the brains’ response to faces, voices, and combined face–voice information (congruent, incongruent), which varied in expression (neutral, fearful). Using a whole-brain approach, we found that only the right posterior superior temporal sulcus (rpSTS) responded more to bimodal stimuli than to face or voice alone but only when the stimuli contained emotional expression. Face- and voice-selective regions of interest, extracted from independent functional localizers, similarly revealed multisensory integration in the face-selective rpSTS only; further, this was the only face-selective region that also responded significantly to voices. Dynamic causal modeling revealed that the rpSTS receives unidirectional information from the face-selective fusiform face area, and voice-selective temporal voice area, with emotional expression affecting the connection strength. Our study promotes a hierarchical model of face and voice integration, with convergence in the rpSTS, and that such integration depends on the (emotional) salience of the stimuli.
Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies
for body fat distribution in 694 649 individuals of European ancestry
Authors: Pulit Sara L , Stoneman Charli , Morris Andrew P , Wood Andrew R , Glastonbury Craig A , Tyrrell Jessica , Yengo Loïc , Ferreira Teresa , Marouli Eirini , Ji Yingjie , Yang Jian , Jones Samuel , Beaumont Robin , Croteau-Chonka Damien C , Winkler Thomas W ,   GIANT Consortium, Hattersley Andrew T , Loos Ruth J F , Hirschhorn Joel N , Visscher Peter M , Frayling Timothy M , Yaghootkar Hanieh , Lindgren Cecilia M 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
More than one in three adults worldwide is either overweight or obese. Epidemiological studies indicate that the location and distribution of excess fat, rather than general adiposity, are more informative for predicting risk of obesity sequelae, including cardiometabolic disease and cancer. We performed a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of body fat distribution, measured by waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) adjusted for body mass index (WHRadjBMI), and identified 463 signals in 346 loci. Heritability and variant effects were generally stronger in women than men, and we found approximately one-third of all signals to be sexually dimorphic. The 5% of individuals carrying the most WHRadjBMI-increasing alleles were 1.62 times more likely than the bottom 5% to have a WHR above the thresholds used for metabolic syndrome. These data, made publicly available, will inform the biology of body fat distribution and its relationship with disease.
Tobacco Use Classification by Inexpensive Urinary Cotinine Immunoassay Test Strips
Authors: Achilihu Honest , Feng June , Wang Lanqing , Bernert John T 
Published: September 2018

AbstractUrinary cotinine is one of the most commonly measured biomarkers reflecting recent exposure to nicotine. In some cases a simple qualitative dichotomization of smokers and non-smokers is all that is required. NicAlert® test strips have been evaluated for this purpose, but other recently introduced, inexpensive single-line test strips have not. In this study we evaluated two such strips with nominal cutoffs of 200 and 10 ng/mL. A total of 800 urine samples with known cotinine concentrations determined by an LC–MS-MS method were examined, including 400 urine samples ranging from 0.23 to more than 24,000 ng/mL by the 200 ng/mL strip, and 400 samples with concentrations &lt;200 ng/mL by the 10 ng/mL cutoff strip. Both test strips performed well in these evaluations. Classification relative to LC–MS-MS by the 200 ng/mL strips had a sensitivity of 99.5% and specificity of 92%, with 95.8% accuracy. The 10 ng/mL strips had a sensitivity of 98.7% and specificity of 90.1%, with 93.3% accuracy. The positive predictive value for the 200 ng/mL strips was 92.6% and the negative predictive value was 99.5%. For the 10 ng/mL strips, the corresponding values were 85.4 and 99.2%, respectively. The prevalence of positive samples was 50% in the 200 ng/mL group, and 37% in the 10 ng/mL set. Each strip was read by two readers with an overall agreement of &gt;98%. Our results suggest that these simple and inexpensive lateral flow immunoassay test strips can provide useful qualitative estimates of nicotine exposures for appropriate applications within the inherent limitations of sensitivity and precision of the immunoassay test strip format.
Final Analysis of the Prevention of Early Menopause Study (POEMS)/SWOG Intergroup S0230
Authors: Moore Halle C F , Unger Joseph M , Phillips Kelly-Anne , Boyle Frances , Hitre Erika , Moseley Anna , Porter David J , Francis Prudence A , Goldstein Lori J , Gomez Henry L , Vallejos Carlos S , Partridge Ann H , Dakhil Shaker R , Garcia Agustin A , Gralow Julie R , Lombard Janine M , Forbes John F , Martino Silvana , Barlow William E , Fabian Carol J , Minasian Lori M , Meyskens Frank L , Gelber Richard D , Hortobagyi Gabriel N , Albain Kathy S 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPremature menopause is a serious long-term side effect of chemotherapy. We evaluated long-term pregnancy and disease-related outcomes for patients in S0230/POEMS, a study in premenopausal women with stage I–IIIA estrogen receptor–negative, progesterone receptor–negative breast cancer to be treated with cyclophosphamide-containing chemotherapy. Women were randomly assigned to standard chemotherapy with or without goserelin, a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist, and were stratified by age and chemotherapy regimen. All statistical tests were two-sided. Of 257 patients, 218 were eligible and evaluable (105 in the chemotherapy + goserelin arm and 113 in the chemotherapy arm). More patients in the chemotherapy + goserelin arm reported at least one pregnancy vs the chemotherapy arm (5-year cumulative incidence = 23.1%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 15.3% to 31.9%; and 12.2%, 95% CI = 6.8% to 19.2%, respectively; odds ratio = 2.34; 95% CI = 1.07 to 5.11; P = .03). Randomization to goserelin + chemotherapy was associated with a nonstatistically significant improvement in disease-free survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.55; 95% CI = 0.27 to 1.10; P = .09) and overall survival (HR = 0.45; 95% CI = 0.19 to 1.04; P = .06). In this long-term analysis of POEMS/S0230, we found continued evidence that patients randomly assigned to receive goserelin + chemotherapy were not only more likely to avoid premature menopause, but were also more likely to become pregnant without adverse effect on disease-related outcomes.
Twenty-Five Years of Intracranial Pressure Monitoring After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Retrospective, Single-Center Analysis
Authors: Donnelly Joseph , Czosnyka Marek , Adams Hadie , Cardim Danilo , Kolias Angelos G , Zeiler Frederick A , Lavinio Andrea , Aries Marcel , Robba Chiara , Smielewski Peter , Hutchinson Peter J A , Menon David K , Pickard John D , Budohoski Karol P 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Intracranial pressure (ICP) is a clinically important variable after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and has been monitored, along with clinical outcome, for over 25 yr in Addenbrooke's hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom. This time period has also seen changes in management strategies with the implementation of protocolled specialist neurocritical care, expansion of neuromonitoring techniques, and adjustments of clinical treatment targets.

OBJECTIVE
To describe the changes in intracranial monitoring variables over the past 25 yr.

METHODS
Data from 1146 TBI patients requiring ICP monitoring were analyzed. Monitored variables included ICP, cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), and the cerebral pressure reactivity index (PRx). Data were stratified into 5-yr epochs spanning the 25 yr from 1992 to 2017.

RESULTS
CPP increased sharply with specialist neurocritical care management (P < 0.0001) (introduction of a specific TBI management algorithm) before stabilizing from 2000 onwards. ICP decreased significantly over the 25 yr of monitoring from an average of 19 to 12 mmHg (P < 0.0001) but PRx remained unchanged. The mean number of ICP plateau waves and the number of patients developing refractory intracranial hypertension both decreased significantly. Mortality did not significantly change in the cohort (22%).

CONCLUSION
We demonstrate the evolving trends in neurophysiological monitoring over the past 25 yr from a single, academic neurocritical care unit. ICP and CPP were responsive to the introduction of an ICP/CPP protocol while PRx has remained unchanged.
Is Preoperative Duration of Symptoms a Significant Predictor of Functional Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Surgery for the Treatment of Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy?
Authors: Tetreault Lindsay , Wilson Jefferson R , Kotter Mark R N , Côté Pierre , Nouri Aria , Kopjar Branko , Arnold Paul M , Fehlings Michael G 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Preoperative duration of symptoms may significantly impact outcomes in patients treated surgically for degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM).

OBJECTIVE
To (i) analyze whether duration of symptoms is associated with preoperative functional impairment, disability, and quality of life and (ii) determine the optimal timing for decompressive surgery.

METHODS
Patients with DCM were prospectively enrolled in either the AOSpine North American or International study at 26 global sites (n = 757). Postoperative functional impairment was evaluated at 1-yr using the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) score. Change scores between baseline and 1-yr were computed for the mJOA. Duration of symptoms was dichotomized into a “short” and “long” group at several cut-offs. Analysis of covariance was used to evaluate differences in change scores on the mJOA between duration of symptoms groups in 4-mo increments.

RESULTS
Our cohort consisted of 424 men and 255 women, with a mean duration of symptoms of 26.1 ± 36.4 mo (0.25-252 mo). Duration of symptoms was not correlated with preoperative mJOA, Nurick, Neck Disability Index, or Short-Form (SF)-36 Physical and Mental Component Scores. Patients with a duration of symptoms shorter than 4 mo had significantly better functional outcomes on the mJOA than patients with a longer duration of symptoms (>4 mo). Thirty-two months was also a significant cut-off.

CONCLUSION
Patients who are operated on within 4 mo of symptom presentation have better mJOA outcomes than those treated after 4 mo. It is recommended that patients with DCM are diagnosed in a timely fashion and managed appropriately.
RADON IN GROUNDWATER OF MAGADI TALUK, RAMANAGARA DISTRICT IN KARNATAKA
Authors: Vipin Kumar P , Gudennavar S B , Chandrashekara M S , Bubbly S G , Hamsa K S 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
Radon is a water-soluble radioactive noble gas produced from the alpha decay of 226Ra in uranium series. Its presence in drinking water and open air increases the risk of lung and intestinal cancers in human beings. In view of this, radon concentration in groundwater and its dose due to inhalation and ingestion to the population of Magadi taluk of Ramanagara district in Karnataka state, India was studied. The groundwater samples were analyzed for radon concentration using emanometry technique. The study showed that the radon concentration in this area varied from 27.4 ± 1.0 to 167.5 ± 3.9 Bq/L and the effective dose ranged from 104.2 ± 2.7 to 636.2 ± 11.0 μSv/a. The study also revealed that 95% of the 37 samples studied showed higher radon concentration compared to the UNSCEAR recommendation (40 Bq/L) and all the samples showed higher than the USEPA recommendation (11.1 Bq/L). Ten samples have concentration above the maximum permissible level prescribed by WHO (100 Bq/L). The groundwater samples are found to be slightly alkaline within the permissible limit of Indian Standards.
EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT OF PORTABLE WIRELESS DEVICES ABOVE 6 GHz
Authors: Carrasco Eduardo , Colombi Davide , Foster Kenneth R , Ziskin Marvin , Balzano Quirino 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The emerging 5 G wireless devices working at frequencies above 6 GHz are expected to have antenna arrays formed by dipoles, slots, patches or their combination. At lower frequencies, the accepted criteria for exposure compliance is stated in terms of specific absorption rate. IEEE and ICNIRP are adopting epithelial or transmitted power density (PD through body surface) as the dosimetric reference for frequencies above 6 GHz, which entails the measurement of free space PD. Theoretical and numerical results presented in this article show that it is possible to perform meaningful free space PD assessments at half wave (λ/2) distance from arrays and, with the proper instrumentation, as close as λ/(2π). However, if a dissipative body is placed very close (<λ/2π) to the arrays, its reflection and absorption of RF energy can change the electric currents and charges over the antenna. The relevance of such an effect should be further investigated, for instance by means of experimental analysis including measurements of tissue heating when in the presence of a strong reactive near field.