bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vocalization in caterpillars: a novel sound-producing mechanism for insects
Authors: Rosi-Denadai Conrado A. , Scallion Melanie L. , Merrett Craig G. , Yack Jayne E. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTInsects have evolved a great diversity of sound-producing mechanisms largely attributable to their hardened exoskeleton, which can be rubbed, vibrated or tapped against different substrates to produce acoustic signals. However, sound production by forced air, while common in vertebrates, is poorly understood in insects. We report on a caterpillar that ‘vocalizes’ by forcing air into and out of its gut. When disturbed, larvae of the Nessus sphinx hawkmoth (Sphingidae: Amphion floridensis) produce sound trains comprising a stereotyped pattern of long (370 ms) followed by multiple short-duration (23 ms) units. Sounds are emitted from the oral cavity, as confirmed by close-up videos and comparing sound amplitudes at different body regions. Numerical models using measurements of the caterpillar foregut were constructed to test hypotheses explaining sound production. We propose that sound is generated by ring vortices created as air flows through the orifice between two foregut chambers (crop and oesophagus), a mechanism analogous to a whistling kettle. As air flows past the orifice, certain sound frequencies are amplified by a Helmholtz resonator effect of the oesophagus chamber. Long sound units occur during inflation, while short sound units occur during deflation. Several other insects have been reported to produce sounds by forced air, but the aeroacoustic mechanisms of such sounds remain elusive. Our results provide evidence for this mechanism by showing that caterpillars employ mechanisms similar to rocket engines to produce sounds.
Memórias e resistências de assistentes sociais contra a ditadura
Authors: Neves Daniela , Diniz Tânia Maria Ramos de Godoi , Werkema Rafael 
Published: February 2018

O Serviço Social na história da ditadura civil militar. Este é o tema desta mostra fotográfica, apresentada por meio do Projeto Serviço Social, Memórias e Resistências contra a Ditadura, neste espaço de “diálogo em imagens”. O projeto foi idealizado e realizado a muitas mãos pelo Conselho Federal de Serviço Social (CFESS). Seus primeiros esboços foram discutidos na gestão “Tempo de Luta e Resistência” (2011-2014) e finalizados na gestão “Tecendo na luta a manhã desejada” (2014-2017).
“Desalambrando” histórias: o Serviço Social e as lutas sociais no Chile (1970-1973)
Authors: Pinto Alexander Panez , Marro Kátia , Duriguetto Maria Lúcia , Molina Paula Vidal , Neves Victor , Bravo Víctor Orellana 
Published: February 2018

Resumo – No Chile, o Serviço Social, no período da Reconceituação, apresentou fortes mudanças nos seus fundamentos teórico-metodológicos e ético-políticos, mudanças que estavam sintonizadas com o cenário político de alta efervescência da luta de classes. Na virada da década de 1960 à década de 1970, as forças organizativas da classe trabalhadora – partidos e movimentos sociais de esquerda – levaram o Chile a ser o primeiro país no mundo em que uma coalizão com um programa de construção do socialismo conquistou o governo pela via eleitoral. Neste cenário, o Serviço Social chileno estabeleceu relações e posicionamentos, produzindo uma rica reflexão de docentes, discentes e profissionais em relação à formação profissional e às ações interventivas. Neste artigo, explicitaremos reflexões iniciais da conjuntura chilena do governo da Unidade Popular (UP) e as relações do Serviço Social com as organizações e movimentos sociais, as quais serão evidenciadas pela análise dos Trabalhos de Conclusão de Curso (TCCs)[1] e dos artigos da Revista de Trabajo Social da PUC. Palavras-Chave: Unidade Popular; Serviço Social; Reconceituação; lutas sociais; Chile. Abstract–Social work in Chile during the Reconceptualization period presented deep changes, in a context of high social effervescence. At the turn of the 1960s to the 1970s, the consolidation of the working class and left-wing parties led Chile to become the first country in the world to conquerthe government by electoral means, with a program building towards socialism. In a context of intensification of social struggles, Chilean social work established relationships and stances, producing a rich reflection of teachers, students, and professionals in relation to professional training and intervention. This article is the first delivery of results of an ongoing research that reviews the relationship of Social Service with social movements and struggles based on the analysis of final papers for graduation and articles fromRevista de Trabajo Social, from Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Keywords: popular unity; Social Service;reconceptualization;social struggles; Chile. [1]A pesquisa nos TCCs da Universidad de Chile teve a colaboração dos discentes de Trabajo Social: Ismael Quinteros, Denisse Carvajal, Ankari Canales e Javiera Ramírez.
Acute myeloid leukaemia: A guide for practice nurses
Authors: Perry Margaret Ann 
Published: February 2018

Acute myeloid leukaemia is a rare cancer of the white blood cells. Margaret Ann Perry provides an overview of the signs, symptoms and treatment for practice nurses This article is part two of a series on types of leukaemia and focuses on acute myeloid leukaemia. Acute myeloid leukaemia is the most common leukaemia in adults, and although it can occur at any age, it is more commonly seen in older adults. Approximately 3000 new cases are diagnosed each year in the UK. Acute myeloid leukaemia develops rapidly, unlike other types of leukaemia. Practice nurses who run minor illness clinics may see patients who present complaining of fever, fatigue, weight loss, excessive bruising and nose bleeds, and anaemia-related symptoms, such as shortness of breath or chest pain.
A comparison of operative and margin outcomes from surgeon learning curves in robot assisted radical prostatectomy in a changing referral practice
Authors: Jaulim A , Srinivasan A , Hori S , Kumar N , Warren AY , Shah NC , Gnanapragasam VJ 
Published: February 2018

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to explore the impact of increasing proportions of high risk referrals on surgical margin outcomes of a surgeon’s learning curve in robotic prostatectomy.MethodsAll patients in this study underwent robot assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) performed by three different consultant urological surgeons. Data collected included preoperative clinical stage, Gleason score and prostate specific antigen levels, which were used to risk stratify patients according to National Institute for Health and Care Excellence criteria. Oncological clearance was assessed by overall and stage specific positive margin status. Comparisons were made between each surgeon for the first and second 50 consecutive cases.ResultsFor the three surgeons, there was a progressive increase in the proportion of high risk cases referred accompanied by a corresponding decline in low risk disease (p<0.001). Postoperative pathology also showed an upward trend in pT3 cases across the three eras. There was no statistical difference in overall positive margin rates between the surgeons. The overall rates were 12%, 20% and 23% for the first 50 cases, and 32%, 36% and 21% for the second 50 cases for the three surgeons respectively.ConclusionsOur series demonstrates an upward trend in the risk profile of men referred for robotic prostatectomy over a nine-year period. Despite this, there was minimal impact on pathological and surgical outcomes among our surgeons, who were at the initial stages of their RARP learning curve. Our results suggest that there is no requirement for an active case selection bias against patients with high risk disease for surgeons newly embarking on their RARP learning experience.
Risk stratification of 282 differentiated thyroid cancers found incidentally in 1369 total thyroidectomies according to the 2015 ATA guidelines; implications for management and treatment
Authors: Christakis I , Dimas S , Kafetzis ID , Roukounakis N 
Published: February 2018

Introduction The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of incidental differentiated thyroid carcinoma in thyroid operations for a benign preoperative diagnosis, to identify the risk factors involved and to risk stratify the cancer patients according to the 2015 American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines. Materials and methods The study was a retrospective review of all thyroidectomy operations performed in a single institution (January 2004 to January 2009). We excluded patients with a preoperative diagnosis of thyroid malignancy. Results Incidental differentiated thyroid carcinoma was diagnosed in 282/1369 patients (21%). The incidental group had a significantly higher number of males (19% vs 14%, P = 0.033) and a higher number of patients with histopathological evidence of thyroiditis (35% vs 25%, P = 0.004). There was a higher number of lymph nodes present in the incidental group but numbers did not reach statistical significance (17% vs 13%, P = 0.079). There were 270 cases in the ATA low-risk group (96%) and 12 cases in the ATA intermediate-risk group (4%). Patients with an ATA intermediate risk had a statistically higher number of capsule invasion, extrathyroidal extension and angioinvasion (P < 0.001, P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Overall, 22% of patients with an incidental differentiated thyroid carcinoma should be considered for radioactive iodine 131I treatment. 29 of the 191 patients in American Joint Committee on Cancer stage I should be considered for radioactive iodine treatment (15%). Conclusions Males and patients with thyroiditis are at a higher risk for an incidental differentiated thyroid carcinoma. One of every five of patients diagnosed with cancer will need radioactive iodine treatment, even some patients with stage I disease.
The surgical arrest of post-tonsillectomy haemorrhage: Hospital Episode Statistics 12 years on
Authors: Osborne MS , Clark MPA 
Published: February 2018

Introduction The risk of returning to theatre for arrest of haemorrhage following tonsillectomy can be determined from analysis of the Hospital Episode Statistics data provided by the Department of Health website. This method was employed previously for data between 1998–2002 and was repeated in this study to observe any changes over this time period. Materials and methods Hospital Episode Statistics data for England from 2010–2016 were used. The number of tonsillectomies and surgical arrest of post-tonsillectomy haemorrhage were considered for children and adults. Results Of 267,159 tonsillectomies performed over the six-year period, 5027 (1.88%) returned to theatre for control of bleeding. This was 3.5 times more likely in adults than children (P < 0.0001). Comparison with the previous study showed an increase in return to theatre rates following tonsillectomy of 1.06%, from 0.82% to 1.88%. Conclusion Adults are more likely than children to require and arrest of haemorrhage post-tonsillectomy. Return to theatre rates have increased since 2004 at an estimated additional cost to NHS England of £1,415,056 per annum. The causes of this observed increase have yet to be determined.
Experimental Behaviour of Steel Tubular Columns for Varying in Filled Concrete
Authors: Sangeetha P. , Senthil R. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis paper investigates the behaviour of axially-loaded tubular columns filled with M20 grade concrete and partially replaced concrete. The parameters varying in the study are slenderness ratio (13.27, 16.58 & 19.9), and normal M20 grade concrete, partially replaced quarry dust and concrete debris. The effects of the various concrete mixes and composite action between the steel tube and the concrete core are studied and a graph visualizing the differences between the load carrying capacity and the axial deflection is plotted. Some of the performance indices like the Ductility Index (DI), Concrete Contribution Ratio (CCR), Confinement Index (θ) and Strength Index (SI) are also evaluated and compared amongst the CFST columns. From the results it has been noted that an increase in the L/D ratio decrease the behaviour of the composite columns irrespective of the in filled materials. The composite action was achieved in the CFST columns filled with partially replaced quarry dust and concrete debris when compared with hollow steel columns. The load carrying capacity of the CFST column increases by 32 % compared with the hollow tubular columns.
Biosimilar medicines and patient registries – expectations, limitations, and opportunities
Authors: Sutka R , Pec J , Pecova T 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Introduction: Biology therapies in a various medical specializations and for a broad spectrum of indications were launched during last two decades. As a new in class the therapies were obliged to provide additional data re gar ding efficacy and safety after their real medical practice integration. Patient registries, databases collecting various patient data, were introduced to grant data on the treatment effectiveness, safety, and long-term on treatment survival. Satisfactory treatment effect and acceptable safety profile were confirmed after couple of years of careful observation. However, the benefits were usually offered at much higher treatment costs compared to the standard therapies. Biologically similar drugs, so-called biosimilars (B.S), are being launched after original molecule patent protection expiry during recent years. They were expected as an ideal solution to avoid distinct impact on the medical budget: comparable effect for less money. The unsubstantiated doubts about biosimilar efficacy and safety were the reason of the late launch in many markets. Since biosimilars are considered as new therapy entities, the cautiousness to certain extent should be required. Information gained from post-marketing observations and patient registries over several years, confirmed the biosimilar product comparable quality. Healthcare budget savings could secure easier therapy access for more new patients.
On Interruptions in Doctor–Patient Interactions: Who Is the Stranger Here?
Authors: Cusen Gabriela 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Even though interruptions in various areas of spoken interaction have been the focus of research which deals with such issues as power and dominance, more recently, this focus seems to have been on the many functions they can hold. One research area in which interruptions may be given less attention is that of doctor-patient interactions (see, for example, Menz & Al-Roubaie 2008). This paper investigates the issue of interruptions in medical interviews. From a corpus of 26 medical interviews, one was selected for a pilot qualitative context-bound analysis meant to inform the following analysis of the whole corpus at later stages of the study. The findings of the analysis demonstrate that it seems possible to use the existing analytical framework for the identification of types of interruptions characteristic of medical interviews in the Romanian context.
The Harvard Law Review and the Iroquois Influence Thesis
Authors: Jensen Erik M. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
In a recent Developments in the Law chapter on the Indian Civil Rights Act, authors and editors at the Harvard Law Review seemed to take seriously the so-called “Iroquois influence thesis,” the idea that basic principles of the American government were derived from American Indian nations, in particular the Iroquois Confederacy. Although the influence thesis has acquired a life of its own, being taught in some of America’s elementary and secondary schools, it is nonsense. (One of the sources cited in support of this made-up history is a congressional resolution, as if Congress has some special, historical expertise.) Nothing in American Indian law and policy should depend on the influence thesis, and it is unfortunate that a prominent law review has given it credence. This article explains how the Harvard folks were misguided and why the influence thesis should be interred.
Harmonization of PCR-based detection of intestinal pathogens: experiences from the Dutch external quality assessment scheme on molecular diagnosis of protozoa in stool samples
Authors: Schuurs Theo A. , Koelewijn Rob , Brienen Eric A.T. , Kortbeek Titia , Mank Theo G. , Mulder Bert , Stelma Foekje F. , van Lieshout Lisette , van Hellemond Jaap J. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Background:
Real-time PCR methods are increasingly used in routine patient care settings not only to determine the presence or absence of pathogens in patient materials, but also to obtain semiquantitative results to estimate the pathogen load. However, it is so far unknown how well these methods are harmonized among different laboratories.

Methods:
Sets of stool samples were distributed three to four times per year to ca. 25–40 participating laboratories within the European Union as part of an external quality assessment scheme (EQAS) for the detection of gastrointestinal protozoa. This paper presents the results obtained over a 3-year period for Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar, Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium species and Dientamoeba fragilis.

Results:
Although both false-positive and false-negative results were reported, the overall sensitivity and specificity were high. The substantial differences in the quantitative output of the real-time PCR assays could be traced back to differences in DNA isolation procedures between different laboratories.

Conclusions:
Participation in an EQAS proved to be important as it provides information on how the real-time PCR methods used by the participant compares to the generally reported results and indicates how procedures could be improved. Semiquantitative results of real-time PCR methods are not exchangeable between laboratories as long as the diagnostic procedures are not harmonized. Intralaboratory comparison of semiquantitative real-time PCR results seems only possible by the use of calibration curves derived from well-validated standards in clinical material and not by spiking solutions with purified DNA.
Effect of soft cations on carbon steel corrosion in chloride media
Authors: Das Sudip , Baranwal Prince Kumar , Rajaraman Prasanna Venkatesh 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The effect of soft cations (Na+, K+, NH4
+) on the corrosion behavior of carbon steel in chloride (Cl−) media was investigated using various electrochemical and nonelectrochemical techniques. Data revealed that the corrosion rate is higher in the case of ammonium chloride solution following the order NH4
+>K+>Na+. The polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements indicated a significant influence of cations on both the corrosion rate and the mechanistic reaction pathway of carbon steel dissolution in Cl− media. The EIS measurement showed two time constants in all the cases. Electrical equivalent circuit was employed to model the EIS data. The surface morphology and the corrosion products were also analyzed. It was found that the hydration energy of cations and the initial pH of the solution play a critical role in describing the effect of cations present in Cl− media on carbon steel corrosion.
Sign Markup Language in a Multimodal Context
Authors: Chen Linda Jianlin , Huang Jianbin 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The process of “telling through words” and “understanding by insight” of a language are closely related to high-context and low-context cultures. Various concepts and knowledge systems constitute a hierarchy of cognitive domain networks. Bilingual and multilingual sign markup language can be seen everywhere in a multicultural setting, which is full of cognition, construal, and variation in the process of cross-cultural communication under the multilingual context. Sign markup language is presented in a multimodal discourse form, such as business language, advertising language, commercial logos, slogans, or propagation language. It contains known and unknown information and foreground and background cultures, changing with technological knowledge and history development. The cross-cultural cognitive research of sign markup language in a multimodal context is increasingly important, especially in today’s society undergoing the development of economic globalization, high-speed information, urban internationalization, and data digitization. Based on instances of sign markup language, the present paper will apply the theory of memes in sign markup language to analyze and put forward the cognitive mechanism used in multimodal contexts.
Social Innovations for the Disadvantaged Rural Regions: Hungarian Experiences of the New Type Social Cooperatives
Authors: Róbert Tésits , Levente Alpek 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The study explores the spatial specificities of the new type of social cooperatives, with an emphasis on assessing the dichotomy appearing in relation to advanced and disadvantaged areas. It also looks at the features of operation, employment role and long-term sustainability, proposing support and further development opportunities. The key goals initially set of the cooperatives have not yet been implemented uniformly. They could not have met the requirements of significant development in local economy, enhancement of self-sufficiency and the transit role entailing labour market reintegration. However, they have already fulfilled the social objectives; namely, long-term local employment almost completely. The problems are mainly caused by lack of capital resulting from the lack of creditworthiness and the difficulty of further expansion of market opportunities. For further development, new, preferably county or national level markets should thus be targeted. Hence, to achieve favourable changes, the development of well-founded marketing strategies will be necessary.
Oxygen-plasma treatment-induced surface engineering of biomimetic polyurethane nanofibrous scaffolds for gelatin-heparin immobilization
Authors: Ghorbani Farnaz , Zamanian Ali 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPolyurethane (PU) has been extensively used in vascular tissue engineering due to its outstanding mechanical performance and blood compatibility behavior. Here, biomimetic PU-based scaffolds were prepared using an electrospinning technique and gelatin-heparin was introduced as a surface modifier after oxygen plasma treatment to improve cell attachment and release an anticoagulation agent. Morphology, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, compression strength, swelling and biodegradation ratio, drug release level and cellular interactions were evaluated. According to the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs, gelatin-heparin immobilized PU nanofibers exhibited a smooth surface and a bead free structure that nanofibers distributed in the range of 300–1000 nm. The mechanical strength of constructs, swelling and biodegradation ratio, and drug release level illustrated higher values for oxygen plasma-treated samples compared with bilayered scaffolds. Cellular adhesion and biocompatibility ameliorated after plasma treatment. All the mentioned findings indicated the initial physicomechanical and biological potential of biomimetic PU-based fibers in the improvements of vascular scaffolds.