bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
РОЛЬ ОКСИДАТИВНОГО СТРЕСУ В РОЗВИТКУ ХРОНІЧНОГО ОБСТРУКТИВНОГО ЗАХВОРЮВАННЯ ЛЕГЕНЬ
Authors: Maksiv C. Ya. , Marushchak M. I. 
Published: May 2019

Вступ. Поширеність хронічного обструктивного захворювання легень (ХОЗЛ) продовжує неухильно зростати. На думку дослідників, до 2030 р. воно стане третьою за значимістю причиною смертності. Патофізіологія ХОЗЛ складна і на даний час не до кінця вивчена. Більшість дослідників у хворих на ХОЗЛ визначає локальні та системні зміни, що включають оксидативний стрес, зміну рівнів гострофазових протеїнів і запальних медіаторів, хоча й немає єдиної точки зору щодо їх ролі при цьому захворюванні.
У роботі використано загальнонаукові методи дослідження, що включають експертно-аналітичний огляд наукових джерел, аналіз і синтез літературних даних.
Дослідники зазначають, що пероксидне окиснення протеїнів є не тільки пусковим механізмом патологічних процесів при стресі, але й одним з найбільш ранніх маркерів оксидативного стрессу, а також відображенням ступеня окиснювального ураження клітин та резервно-адаптаційних можливостей організму при ХОЗЛ. Оксидативний стрес призводить до окиснення арахідонової кислоти і формування нової генерації простаноїдних медіаторів, так званих ізопростанів, які можуть проявляти виражені функціональні ефекти, включаючи бронхоконстрикцію та ексудацію плазми. Негативним ефектам оксидативного стресу в організмі протидіють ензимна і неензимна ланки системи антиоксидантного захисту. Високу антиоксидантну ефективність проявляють мідь-цинковмісна супероксиддисмутаза, гемовмісна каталаза, селеновмісна глутатіонпероксидаза. За результатами аналізу літературних джерел, внутрішньоклітинний антиоксидант глутатіон є головною захисною системою в епітелії легень. Захисні ефекти спорідненої антиоксидантної системи, розташованої в епітелії, імовірно, регулюють гени. Це може бути однією з причин, чому лише в 10 % осіб, які курять, розвивається ХОЗЛ.
Мета дослідження – проаналізувати сучасні літературні джерела про роль вільнорадикальних процесів у механізмах розвитку хронічного обструктивного захворювання легень.
Висновок. Проведений аналіз літературних даних показав, що оксидативний стрес відіграє вагому роль у патогенезі хронічного обструктивного захворювання легень, проте механізми його впливу потребують детальнішого і глибшого дослідження.
РОЛЬ ПРОЦЕСІВ ПЕРОКСИДНОГО ОКИСНЕННЯ ЛІПІДІВ І АНТИОКСИДАНТНОЇ СИСТЕМИ В МІОКАРДІ В ПАТОГЕНЕЗІ ФОРМУВАННЯ АДРЕНАЛІНОВОГО УШКОДЖЕННЯ МІОКАРДА
Authors: Regeda M. S. , Horodetskyy O. T. 
Published: May 2019

Вступ. Серцево-судинна патологія залишається актуальною проблемою сьогодення як одна з основних причин смертності та інвалідності людей працездатного віку. Зокрема, в останні десятиліття особливу увагу приділяють одному з важливих молекулярних механізмів ушкодження клітин, що охоплює процеси пероксидного окиснення ліпідів і антиоксидантну систему при адреналіновому ушкодженні міокарда (АУМ).
Мета дослідження – з’ясувати особливості зміни маркерів пероксидного окиснення ліпідів і антиоксидантної системи в міокарді в динаміці розвитку адреналінового ушкодження міокарда.
Методи дослідження. Досліди проведено на 45 білих щурах-самцях, яких поділили на 5 груп (по 9 тварин у кожній): 1-ша – контрольна; 2-га; 3-тя, 4-та, 5-та – тварини з АУМ, відповідно, на 1-шу, 7-му, 10-ту і 17-ту доби експерименту. Визначали вміст дієнових кон’югатів, малонового діальдегіду, церулоплазміну та активність супероксиддисмутази, каталази.
Результати й обговорення. За результатами біохімічних досліджень, на 1-шу, 7-му, 10-ту і 17-ту доби формування АУМ спостерігали зростання вмісту в міокарді дієнових кон’югатів. Визначення в міокарді іншого показника пер оксидного окиснення ліпідів – малонового діальдегіду показало аналогічний напрямок порушень. Встановлено, що на 1-шу добу активність супероксиддисмутази зростала, на 7-му – не зазнавала змін, на 10-ту і 17-ту – знижувалась. Аналогічно змінювалась активність каталази і церулоплазміну ЦП. Отже, при дослідженні показників прооксидантно-антиоксидантної системи в міокарді спостерігали постійне нагромадження продуктів ліпопероксидації на тлі виснаження як ензимних, так і неензимних ланок антиоксидантної системи в міокарді, що свідчило про порушення рівноваги між пероксидним окисненням ліпідів і антиоксидантною системою.
Висновок. Визначення маркерів вільнорадикального окиснення (дієнових кон’югатів, малонового діальдегіду) та антиоксидантної системи (супероксиддисмутази, каталази, церулоплазміну) в міокарді показало поступову стимуляцію процесів пер оксидного окиснення ліпідів і компенсаторне підвищення активності досліджуваних ензимів із наступною депресією антиоксидантного захисту, особливо на 10-ту і 17-ту доби формування адреналінового ушкодження міокарда.
Efficacy and Limitations of Quinidine in Patients With Brugada Syndrome
Authors: Mazzanti Andrea , Tenuta Elisavietta , Marino Maira , Pagan Eleonora , Morini Massimo , Memmi Mirella , Colombi Barbara , Tibollo Valentina , Frassoni Samuele , Curcio Antonio , Raimondo Cristina , Maltret Alice , Monteforte Nicola , Bloise Raffaella , Napolitano Carlo , Bellazzi Riccardo , Bagnardi Vincenzo , Priori Silvia G. 
Published: May 2019

Background:
Quinidine at high dose is suggested as antiarrhythmic treatment in patients with Brugada Syndrome (BrS), but its efficacy to prevent life-threatening arrhythmic events (LAE) in this population is unproven and its use limited by frequent side effects. We assessed whether low-dose quinidine in patients with BrS reduces the following: (1) the occurrence of LAEs at follow-up, as compared to no therapy, in a population of both high-risk survivors of LAE and lower risk patients asymptomatic for LAEs and (2) the arrhythmic burden in the high-risk group of cardiac arrest survivors.

Methods:
We compared the clinical course of 53 patients with BrS treated with quinidine to that of 441 untreated controls, matched by sex, age, symptoms, and the duration of observation. Furthermore, we calculated the annual incidence of LAE off-quinidine and on-quinidine in 123 patients with BrS who were cardiac arrest survivors.

Results:

Fifty-three patients with BrS (89% males, median age 39.8 years) received quinidine (439±115 mg/d) for 5.0±3.7 years. Therapy was stopped in 3 cases (6%) for side effects. Quinidine reduced by 26% the risk of experiencing an LAE in cases versus controls (hazard ratio, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.22–2.48;
P
=0.62). Furthermore, in 27 of 123 patients with BrS symptomatic for LAEs who were treated for 7.0±3.5 years, the annual rate of LAEs decreased from 14.7% while off-quinidine to 3.9% while on-quinidine (
P
=0.03). Of note, recurrent LAEs were recorded in 4 (15%) cardiac arrest survivors while on-quinidine.

Conclusions:
We demonstrated for the first time in the long-term that low-dose quinidine reduces recurrent LAEs in patients with BrS who had already survived an LAE, with few side effects. Remarkably, 15% of patients symptomatic for LAEs experience recurrent life-threatening arrhythmias while on-treatment, suggesting that quinidine cannot replace implantable defibrillators in high-risk subjects.
To make a meadow it takes a clover and a bee: the entomophilous flora of N.W. Europe and its insects
Authors: Ellis Willem N. , Ellis-Adam Albertine C. 
Published: May 2019

An analysis of the anthophilous fauna of N.W. Europe is presented, stressing the role plants play for insects. The study is based on some 29,000 relations between about 2,600 insect species and 1,300 plant species (569 genera). The data are derived from our database (“CrypTra”) of biotic relations between Cryptobiota and Tracheophyta, that is based on published sources.
It is suggested that a ratio of 2 to 5 anthophilous insect species per entomophilous plant species is the rule in N.W. Europe, where other types of zoophily are virtually absent.
A small minority of the plant species/generaplay a disproportionally important role as hosts to flower visitors; many of these so-called cornucopian taxa belong to the commonest entomophilous plants in the region, and occur also in moderately disturbed habitats.
There is a significant positive correlation between the commonness of a plant species and the fraction this plant represents of the trophic resources exploited by an insect species. There is, on the other hand, a significant negative correlation between the number of insect species visiting a given plant species, and the number of plant species visited by a given insect species. These two elements together demonstrate that the anthophilous fauna and the entomophilous flora of N.W. Europe as a whole form a loose system, not predominantly characterised by specialisation. In accordance with this, factor analysis suggests that there is no ground to recognise more than three visitor types, viz., the allotropous, hemitropous, and eutropous visitors as defined by Loew. A minorityof the plant taxa - essentially the cornucopian ones - can with some difficulty be associated with these three types of visitors, and a very few narrowly specialised plant taxa can be associated with more specific visitor groups. However, the large majority of plants cannot be fitted in any typology.
These results have practical implications for the nature management of the anthophilous fauna, in that the important role of the cornucopian floral element is underlined. The fact that the majority of the cornucopian species are perennial, or evenwoody, places constraints to agricultural practices intended to foster beneficial anthophilous insects.
Fishes of La Venta River in Chiapas, Mexico
Authors: GONZÁLEZ-DÍAZ ALFONSO ÁNGEL , QUIÑONES REBECCA MARÍA , VELÁZQUEZ-MARTÍNEZ JOSÉ 
Published: May 2019

Although Chiapas is recognized as home to some of the most interesting fishes in Mexico, there are still regions of the state that are poorly surveyed. Our objective was to document the fish species in La Venta River, as well as that of some of its largest tributaries and Netzahualc\yotl Reservoir. To this aim, field collections were made during three consecutive years and preserved specimens from the ichthyological collection at El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, San Crist\bal, Chiapas were reviewed. We identified 42 species including new records for the state of Chiapas (3 species), the Grijalva River watershed (3 species), and Netzahualc\yotl Reservoir (2 species). Species composition differed between the upper and lower portions of La Venta River, most likely due to historical factors, and the physical and chemical differences between the two areas. The species composition of the upper parts of La Venta River was distinctive within the watershed but similar to neighboring hydrologic systems, suggesting that this area was recently connected to other rivers. Our results revealed that the Grijalva River-Tuxtla GutiJrrez watershed is species rich and may be important for describing the distribution patterns of several groups of fishes in Mexico
Multiple stakeholder views of pre-school child weight management practices: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Bradbury Daisy , Porcellato Lorna , Timpson Hannah , Turner Gillian , Goodhew Shirley , Young Ruth , Isaac Nabil , Watson Paula M 
Published: May 2019

Objective: With the increasing prevalence of unhealthy weight status in pre-school children, this study sought to understand pre-school child weight management practices in Blackburn with Darwen, UK, with a view to informing appropriate intervention strategies. Design: Mixed-methods study (semi-structured interviews, quantitative survey). Setting: Urban–rural borough with high ethnic diversity in the North West of England. Methods: Phase 1 involved 15 semi-structured interviews with public health/service managers, health professionals and children’s centre staff to explore current pre-school weight management practices, challenges and perceived training needs. Phase 2 involved a quantitative survey of multi-disciplinary health professionals ( n = 30) who work with pre-school children. Data were analysed thematically and perceived challenges organised into individual, interpersonal and organisational levels of the socio-ecological model. Results: Current pre-school child weight management practices appeared to be inconsistent, and staff were unable to locate clear protocols or referral pathways. Challenges most commonly related to individual family factors (e.g. families not perceiving child’s weight status to be a problem) and organisational factors (e.g. lack of time). Perceived training needs differed between professions and included body mass index calculation and interpretation, weight-related communication and pre-school nutrition/physical activity guidelines. Conclusion: Inconsistencies in practice and a lack of clear pathways limited pre-school child weight management practices in Blackburn with Darwen. Although many challenges were attributed as external to the individual, potential steps to help practitioners cope with these demands are outlined.
Skin autofluorescence as a measure of advanced glycation end product levels is associated with carotid atherosclerotic plaque burden in an elderly population
Authors: Jujić Amra , Östling Gerd , Persson Margaretha , Engström Gunnar , Nilsson Peter M , Melander Olle , Magnusson Martin 
Published: May 2019

Background: Advanced glycation end product is an established risk marker in diabetic vascular disease, but its possible associations with atherosclerosis in a general population are yet to be investigated. We studied the degree of carotid atherosclerosis and its association with skin autofluorescence in an elderly population. Methods: Carotid ultrasound and skin autofluorescence measurements were performed in a subpopulation within the ‘Malmö Diet and Cancer Cardiovascular Cohort’ re-examination study ( n = 523). Total plaque area including all prevalent plaques in the right carotid artery was calculated. Complete data on all variables were available for 496 subjects (mean age 72 years). Results: Each 1 standard deviation increment of skin autofluorescence was associated with increased risk of prevalent large plaques (odds ratio, 1.32; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–1.66; p = 0.018) independently of diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors. The top versus bottom tertile of the skin autofluorescence was associated with an approximately twofold risk of being in the population with the highest plaque burden [top quartile with total plaque area ⩾ 35 mm2 (odds ratio, 1.88; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–3.39; p for trend = 0.027)] in fully adjusted analysis. Conclusion: In an elderly population, skin autofluorescence was associated with increasing degree of carotid atherosclerosis measured as total plaque area, independently of diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors.
Probing membrane protein properties using droplet interface bilayers
Authors: Allen-Benton Maxwell , Findlay Heather E , Booth Paula J 
Published: May 2019

Integral membrane proteins comprise a large proportion of drug targets, yet are challenging to study in vitro due to their amphiphilic nature. Conducting useful functional in vitro studies requires an artificial membrane that can mimic the lipid environment of the biogenic membrane. Droplet interface bilayer technology provides a method to form artificial bilayers with a robustness and physicochemical complexity that has not previously been possible, facilitating more sophisticated in vitro studies of membrane proteins. This mini-review examines functional studies of membrane proteins that utilize droplet interface bilayers to date and comments on possible directions of future research. Observations from our own laboratory regarding the study of a flippase protein in droplet interface bilayers are also presented. Impact statement The paper presents a comprehensive review of integral membrane protein studies utilizing droplet interface bilayers. Droplet interface bilayers are a novel method of constructing artificial lipid bilayers with enhanced stability and physicochemical complexity compared to existing methods. Their unique morphology also suggests applications in the construction of synthetic biological systems and protocells. As well as serving as a guide to in vitro membrane protein functional studies using droplet interface bilayers in the literature to date, a novel in vitro study of a flippase protein in a droplet interface bilayer is presented.
Safety Trial of Low-Intensity Monitoring After Thrombolysis: Optimal Post Tpa-Iv Monitoring in Ischemic STroke (OPTIMIST)
Authors: Faigle Roland , Butler Jaime , Carhuapoma Juan R. , Johnson Brenda , Zink Elizabeth K. , Shakes Tenise , Rosenblum Melissa , Saheed Mustapha , Urrutia Victor C. 
Published: May 2019

Background and Purpose: At present, stroke patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) undergo monitoring of their neurological status and vital signs every 15 minutes for the first 2 hours, every 30 minutes for the next 6 hours, and every hour thereafter up to 24 hours post-IVT. The present study sought to prospectively evaluate whether post-IVT stroke patients with low risk for complications may safely be cared for utilizing a novel low-intensity monitoring protocol. Methods: In this pragmatic, prospective, single-center, open-label, single-arm safety study, we enrolled 35 post-IVT stroke patients. Adult patients were eligible if their NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was less than 10 at the time of presentation, and if they had no critical care needs by the end of the IVT infusion. Patients underwent a low-intensity monitoring protocol during the first 24 hours after IVT. The primary outcome was need for a critical care intervention in the first 24 hours after IVT. Results: The median age was 54 years (range: 32-79), and the median pre-IVT NIHSS was 3 (interquartile range [IQR]: 1-6). None of the 35 patients required transfer to the intensive care unit or a critical care intervention in the first 24 hours after IVT. The median NIHSS at 24 hours after IVT was 1 (IQR: 0-3). Four (11.4%) patients were stroke mimics, and the vast majority was discharged to home (82.9%). At 90 days, the median NIHSS was 0 (IQR: 0-1), and the median modified Rankin Scale was 0 (range: 0-6). Conclusion: Post-IVT stroke patients may be safely monitored in the setting of a low-intensity protocol.
Evaluation of aortic 18F-NaF tracer uptake using PET/CT as a predictor of aortic calcification in postmenopausal women: A longitudinal study
Authors: Cecelja Marina , Moore Amelia , Fogelman Ignac , Frost Michelle L , Blake Glen M , Chowienczyk Phil 
Published: May 2019

Introduction Aortic calcification as detected by computed tomography is associated with arterial stiffening and is an important predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Uptake of 18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) in the aortic wall reflects metabolically active areas of calcification. The aim of this study was to determine if 18F-NaF uptake in the aorta is associated with calcification and progression of calcification as detected by computed tomography. Methods Twenty-one postmenopausal women (mean age 62 ± 6 years) underwent assessment of aortic 18F-NaF uptake using positron emission tomography/computer tomography at baseline and a repeat computed tomography scan after a mean follow-up of 3.8 ± 1.3 years. Tracer uptake was quantified by calculating the target-to-background (TBR) ratios at baseline and follow-up. Calcification was assessed at baseline and follow-up using computed tomography. Results Over the follow-up period, aortic calcium volume increased from 0.46 ± 0.62 to 0.71 ± 0.93 cm3 ( P < 0.05). However, the change in calcium volume did not correlate with baseline TBR either unadjusted ( r = 0.00, P = 1.00) or adjusted for age and baseline calcium volume (beta coefficient = −0.18, P = 0.42). TBR at baseline did not differ between participants with ( n = 16) compared to those without ( n = 5) progression in calcium volume (2.43 ± 0.46 vs. 2.31 ± 0.38, P = 0.58). In aortic segments identified to have the highest tracer uptake at baseline, calcium volume did not significantly change over the follow-up period ( P = 0.41). Conclusion In a cohort of postmenopausal women, 18F-NaF uptake as measured by TBR in the lumbar aorta did not predict progression of aortic calcification as detected by computed tomography over a four-year follow-up.
Primary Bone Tumor of the Spine—An Evolving Field: What a General Spine Surgeon Should Know
Authors: Charest-Morin Raphaële , Fisher Charles G. , Sahgal Arjun , Boriani Stefano , Gokaslan Ziya L. , Lazary Aron , Reynolds Jeremy , Bettegowda Chetan , Rhines Laurence D. , Dea Nicolas 
Published: May 2019

Study Design: A narrative review of the literature. Objective: This article reviews the general principles of treatment and investigation for primary bone tumors of the spine. Furthermore, it explores the emerging alternatives. Methods: A review was performed using Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases. Results: Primary bone tumors of the spine are rare entities that general spine surgeons may encounter only a few times in their career. The treatment algorithm of these complex tumors is filled with nuances and is evolving constantly. For these reasons, patients should be referred to experienced tertiary or quaternary centers who can offer a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach. For most malignant spinal bone tumors, surgery remains the cornerstone of treatment. Respecting oncologic principles has been associated with improved survival and decreased local recurrence in multiple settings. However, even in experienced centers, these surgeries carry a significant risk of adverse events and possible long-term neurologic impairment. The associated morbidity of these procedures and the challenges of local recurrence have encouraged professionals caring for these patients to explore alternatives or adjuncts to surgical treatment. Conclusions: Over the past few years, several advances have occurred in medical oncology, radiation oncology and interventional radiology, changing the treatment paradigm for some tumors. Other advances still need to be refined before being applied in a clinical setting.
Allogenic Stem Cells in Spinal Fusion: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hsieh Patrick C. , Buser Zorica , Skelly Andrea C. , Brodt Erika D. , Brodke Darrel , Meisel Hans-Joerg , Park Jong-Beom , Yoon S. Tim , Wang Jeffrey C. 
Published: May 2019

Study Design: Systematic review. Objectives: To review, critically appraise, and synthesize evidence on the use of allogenic stem cell products for spine fusion compared with other bone graft materials. Methods: Systematic searches of PubMed/MEDLINE, through October 31, 2018 and of EMBASE and ClinicalTrials.gov through April 13, 2018 were conducted for literature comparing allogenic stem cell sources for fusion in the lumbar or cervical spine with other fusion methods. In the absence of comparative studies, case series of ≥10 patients were considered. Results: From 382 potentially relevant citations identified, 6 publications on lumbar fusion and 5 on cervical fusion met the inclusion criteria. For lumbar arthrodesis, mean Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score, and fusion rates were similar for anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) using allogenic multipotent adult progenitor cells (Map3) versus recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein–2 (rhBMP-2) in the one comparative lumbar study (90% vs 92%). Across case series of allogenic stem cell products, function and pain were improved relative to baseline and fusion occurred in ≥90% of patients at ≥12 months. For cervical arthrodesis across case series, stem cell products improved function and pain compared with baseline at various time frames. In a retrospective cohort study fusion rates were not statistically different for Osteocel compared with Vertigraft allograft (88% vs 95%). Fusion rates varied across time frames and intervention products in case series. Conclusions: The overall quality (strength) of evidence of effectiveness and safety of allogenic stem cells products for lumbar and cervical arthrodesis was very low, meaning that we have very little confidence that the effects seen are reflective of the true effects.