bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
North Atlantic Upper‐Ocean Hydrography During the Mid‐Pleistocene Transition Evidenced by Globorotalia truncatulinoides Coiling Ratios
Authors: Kaiser E. A. , Caldwell A. , Billups K. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe use the coiling direction of planktic foraminifer Globorotalia truncatulinoides from four sites in the North Atlantic Ocean to assess spatial changes in upper‐ocean hydrography during the mid‐Pleistocene climate transition. Core top sediments indicate that the left‐coiling (sinistral) variety dominates regions characterized by a deep permanent thermocline as is characteristic of the subtropical gyre (Ocean Drilling Program Sites 1058 and Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 607) while right‐coiling (dextral) tests dominate the tropical (Ocean Drilling Program Site 925) and subpolar site (Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 552). We observe pronounced changes in the dominant coiling direction at the three subtropical to subpolar sites during the first of the more extreme glacial to interglacial transitions of the mid‐Pleistocene climate transition, Marine Isotope Stages (MISs) 22 to 21. We interpret these observations to reflect an increase in poleward warm water advection. The time interval between MIS 21 and MIS 15 is marked by a pronounced absence of sinistral tests. Because G. truncatulinoides (sinistral) is a deep dwelling species, their absence may be related to a decrease in dissolved oxygen during warm interglacial intervals. At the tropical site, precessional‐scale variations dominate changes in the coiling direction until midpoint interglacial MIS 23. Occurrences in the sinistral variety at this locale must be linked to cross‐equatorial water transport in the North Brazil Current, and precessional‐scale variations provide evidence for the sensitivity of the tropical regions to precessional forcing, at least until MIS 23 when this morphotype disappears in agreement with observation at other sites in the Atlantic Ocean.
Future of Planetary Atmospheric, Surface, and Interior Science Using Radio and Laser Links
Authors: Asmar Sami. W. , Lazio Joseph , Atkinson David H. , Bell David J. , Border James S. , Grudinin Ivan S. , Mannucci Anthony J. , Paik Meegyeong , Preston Robert A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractScientific studies using spacecraft radio links, which are shared with communications and navigation functions, have been carried out on almost every solar system exploration mission in the past five decades. They have led to numerous scientific discoveries as well as technological advances. These radio science experiments have investigated the interior structure of every planet in the solar system and several of their satellites, the Moon, and several comets and asteroids and sounded the atmospheres of every planet in the solar system except Mercury, and the atmospheres of Pluto and several large satellites, the Io Plasma Torus, Saturn's and Uranus' rings, and the solar corona. Future experiments at Mercury, the Jovian system, asteroid Psyche, and other targets are currently in various planning and development phases. Over the next 30 years, significant advances in radio and laser link science technologies, including one order of magnitude improvement achievable in range rate and range accuracy and advanced calibration techniques, could enable many additional scientific breakthroughs. Future exploration concepts focus on applications of small spacecraft and entry probes and can include constellations for studies of atmospheric dynamics, interior structures, and surface properties. Selected science‐enabling technologies specific to small spacecraft instrumentation on future missions are under study. Examples include field tests of radio scattering to determine surface properties, constellations for high‐resolution spatial and temporal atmospheric sounding, small science‐quality software‐defined transponders, miniature ultrastable oscillators, and advanced radio‐metric calibrations at the Deep Space Network.
Characterizing the Fluxes and Age Distribution of Soil Water, Plant Water, and Deep Percolation in a Model Tropical Ecosystem
Authors: Evaristo Jaivime , Kim Minseok , van Haren Joost , Pangle Luke A. , Harman Ciaran J. , Troch Peter A. , McDonnell Jeffrey J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRecent field observations indicate that in many forest ecosystems, plants use water that may be isotopically distinct from soil water that ultimately contributes to streamflow. Such an assertion has been met with varied reactions. Of the outstanding questions, we examine whether ecohydrological separation of water between trees and streams results from a separation in time, or in space. Here we present results from a 9‐month drought and rewetting experiment at the 26,700‐m3mesocosm, Biosphere 2‐Tropical Rainforest biome. We test the null hypothesis that transpiration and groundwater recharge water are sampled from the same soil volume without preference for old nor young water. After a 10‐week drought, we added 66 mm of labeled rainfall with 152‰ δ2H distributed over four events, followed by background rainfall (−60‰ δ2H) distributed over 13 events. Our results show that mean transit times through groundwater recharge and plant transpiration were markedly different: groundwater recharge was 2–7 times faster (~9 days) than transpired water (range 17–62 days). The “age” of transpired water showed strong dependence on species and was linked to the difference between midday leaf water potential and soil matric potential. Moreover, our results show that trees used soil water (89% ±6) and not the “more mobile” (represented by “zero tension” seepage) water (11% ±6). The finding, which rejects our null hypothesis, is novel in that this partitioning is established based on soil water residence times. Our study quantifies mean transit times for transpiration and seepage flows under dynamic conditions.
Evaluating Image Tracking Approaches for Surface Velocimetry With Thermal Tracers
Authors: Lin D. , Grundmann J. , Eltner A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this paper an automatic approach is proposed to measure flow velocity with an uncooled thermal camera. Hot water is used as thermal tracer. The introduced tracking algorithm utilizes the pyramidal Lucas‐Kanade method and is especially suitable for thermal image data. The performance of the new tool is compared to traditional image‐based tracking tools, that is, PIVlab and PTVlab. Experiments are performed in the laboratory for three different flow velocities and tests are conducted in a small stream to illustrate the suitability of the tool for field measurements. Results of the laboratory experiments as well as of the field experiments show that our tracking algorithm, applied to imagery from a thermal camera, outperforms commonly used tracking methods. Our tool provides velocity fields with very high resolution and is in close agreement with reference measurements, whereas PTVlab and PIVlab tend to overestimate and underestimate flow velocities, respectively.
2,500 Years of Hydroclimate Variability in New Mexico, USA
Authors: Oliver Joshua S. , Harley Grant L. , Maxwell Justin T. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe provide a 2,508‐year reconstruction (492 BCE–2015 CE) of hydroclimate variability for west‐central New Mexico using the long‐lived conifer Rocky Mountain juniper (Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.). The reconstruction model explains 53% of the instrumental soil moisture variance and all validation statistics indicate a skillful record. More hydroclimate flips (extreme wet‐dry, vice versa) occur during the 20th–21st century than any other century in the past 2,500 years. Yet, drought and pluvial events captured during the instrumental period (since ca. 1900) do not represent the full range and variability of historical conditions. Since ca. 500 BCE, over 50 drought events have surpassed the severity of recent 21st century conditions, including the first documentation of a prolonged and severe drought during the second to third century BCE (Pre‐Ancestral Puebloan). Continued extreme hydroclimate variability (e.g., flips) in the 21st century could create infrastructure challenges for regional water planning authorities in this arid region.
Opposite Effects of Climate and Land Use Changes on the Annual Water Balance in the Amazon Arc of Deforestation
Authors: Cavalcante R. B. L. , Pontes P. R. M. , Souza‐Filho P. W. M. , de Souza E. B. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe hydrological effects of forest cover loss are difficult to discern in the case of large‐scale basins with gradual changes and difficult to isolate when climate variability is also present. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of climate variability and human activity on the annual streamflow in a basin in the Amazon arc of deforestation. We statistically analyzed the components of the annual water balance and monthly streamflow and used the currently used Tomer‐Schilling, elasticity, and decomposition of Budyko‐type curve methods to separate climate‐induced changes and anthropogenic effects. Annual series of the monthly maximum and minimum streamflow, total streamflow, and total reference evapotranspiration presented statistically significant increasing trends. No significant trend was observed for precipitation. The greatest change in the average annual runoff coefficient was observed between the first (1973–1984) and second (1985–1994) analyzed periods. Even with the continuous reduction in the forested area, the third (1994–2004) and fourth analyzed periods (2003–2016) showed only relatively small changes, most likely due to the intensity of slash‐and‐burn activities and vegetation regrowth. The methods showed that deforestation was the primary cause of the streamflow changes, but with different intensities, and a small recuperation was observed in the last analyzed period. On average, the annual water yield would increase between 26% and 58% after the first time interval without the opposite effect of climate variability, which must be considered in basin management. Future research should focus on analyzing the water storage and the dependence of the precipitation‐runoff relationship from the climate.
Fasting differentially alters the hypothalamic proteome of chickens from lines with the propensity to be anorexic or obese
Authors: Liu Lingbin , Yi Jiaqing , Ray W. Keith , Vu Lucas T. , Helm Richard F. , Siegel Paul B. , Cline Mark A. , Gilbert Elizabeth R. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background
The hypothalamus is the ultimate modulator of appetite and energy balance and therefore sensitive to changes in nutritional state. Chicks from lines selected for low (LWS) and high (HWS) body weight are hypophagic and compulsive eaters, respectively, and differ in their propensity to become obese and in their hypothalamic mRNA response to fasting.

Methods
As fasting-induced changes in hypothalamic proteins are unknown, we investigated the hypothalamic proteomes of 5-day old LWS and HWS chicks in the fed and fasted states using a label-free liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) approach.

Results
A total of 744 proteins were identified in the chicken hypothalamus, and 268 differentially abundant proteins were identified among four pairwise comparisons. Ninety-five proteins were associated with the response to fasting in HWS chicks, and 23 proteins were associated with the response to fasting in LWS chicks. Fasting-responsive proteins in HWS chicks were significantly enriched in ATP metabolic processes, glyoxylate/dicarboxylate metabolism, and ribosome function. There was no enrichment for any pathways in LWS chicks in response to fasting. In the fasted and fed states, 159 and 119 proteins differed between HWS and LWS, respectively. Oxidative phosphorylation, citric acid cycle, and carbon metabolism were the main pathways associated with differences between the two lines of chicks. Enzymes associated with metabolic pathways differed between HWS and LWS in both nutritional states, including fumarase, aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial GOT2, 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase, chondrogenesis associated lipocalin, sialic acid synthase, arylamine N-acetyltransferase, pineal gland isozyme NAT-3, and succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial.

Conclusions
These results provide insights into the hypothalamic metabolic pathways that are affected by nutritional status and the regulation of appetite and eating behavior.
CTBP1 depletion on prostate tumors deregulates miRNA/mRNA expression and impairs cancer progression in metabolic syndrome mice
Authors: Dalton Guillermo Nicolás , Massillo Cintia , Scalise Georgina Daniela , Duca Rocío , Porretti Juliana , Farré Paula Lucia , Gardner Kevin , Paez Alejandra , Gueron Geraldine , De Luca Paola , De Siervi Adriana 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAbout 20% of prostate cancer (PCa) patients progress to metastatic disease. Metabolic syndrome (MeS) is a pathophysiological disorder that increases PCa risk and aggressiveness. C-terminal binding protein (CTBP1) is a transcriptional corepressor that is activated by high-fat diet (HFD). Previously, our group established a MeS/PCa mice model that identified CTBP1 as a novel link associating both diseases. Here, we integrated in vitro (prostate tumor cell lines) and in vivo (MeS/PCa NSG mice) models with molecular and cell biology techniques to investigate MeS/CTBP1 impact over PCa progression, particularly over cell adhesion, mRNA/miRNA expression and PCa spontaneous metastasis development. We found that CTBP1/MeS regulated expression of genes relevant to cell adhesion and PCa progression, such as cadherins, integrins, connexins, and miRNAs in PC3 xenografts. CTBP1 diminished PCa cell adhesion, membrane attachment to substrate and increased filopodia number by modulating gene expression to favor a mesenchymal phenotype. NSG mice fed with HFD and inoculated with CTBP1-depleted PC3 cells, showed a decreased number and size of lung metastases compared to control. Finally, CTBP1 and HFD reduce hsa-mir-30b-5p plasma levels in mice. This study uncovers for the first time the role of CTBP1/MeS in PCa progression and its molecular targets.
Identification of serum metabolites associating with chronic kidney disease progression and anti-fibrotic effect of 5-methoxytryptophan
Authors: Chen Dan-Qian , Cao Gang , Chen Hua , Argyopoulos Christos P. , Yu Hui , Su Wei , Chen Lin , Samuels David C. , Zhuang Shougang , Bayliss George P. , Zhao Shilin , Yu Xiao-Yong , Vaziri Nosratola D. , Wang Ming , Liu Dan , Mao Jia-Rong , Ma Shi-Xing , Zhao Jin , Zhang Yuan , Shang You-Quan , Kang Huining , Ye Fei , Cheng Xiao-Hong , Li Xiang-Ri , Zhang Li , Meng Mei-Xia , Guo Yan , Zhao Ying-Yong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEarly detection and accurate monitoring of chronic kidney disease (CKD) could improve care and retard progression to end-stage renal disease. Here, using untargeted metabolomics in 2155 participants including patients with stage 1–5 CKD and healthy controls, we identify five metabolites, including 5-methoxytryptophan (5-MTP), whose levels strongly correlate with clinical markers of kidney disease. 5-MTP levels decrease with progression of CKD, and in mouse kidneys after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Treatment with 5-MTP ameliorates renal interstitial fibrosis, inhibits IκB/NF-κB signaling, and enhances Keap1/Nrf2 signaling in mice with UUO or ischemia/reperfusion injury, as well as in cultured human kidney cells. Overexpression of tryptophan hydroxylase-1 (TPH-1), an enzyme involved in 5-MTP synthesis, reduces renal injury by attenuating renal inflammation and fibrosis, whereas TPH-1 deficiency exacerbates renal injury and fibrosis by activating NF-κB and inhibiting Nrf2 pathways. Together, our results suggest that TPH-1 may serve as a target in the treatment of CKD.
Quantum speedup in the identification of cause–effect relations
Authors: Chiribella Giulio , Ebler Daniel 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe ability to identify cause–effect relations is an essential component of the scientific method. The identification of causal relations is generally accomplished through statistical trials where alternative hypotheses are tested against each other. Traditionally, such trials have been based on classical statistics. However, classical statistics becomes inadequate at the quantum scale, where a richer spectrum of causal relations is accessible. Here we show that quantum strategies can greatly speed up the identification of causal relations. We analyse the task of identifying the effect of a given variable, and we show that the optimal quantum strategy beats all classical strategies by running multiple equivalent tests in a quantum superposition. The same working principle leads to advantages in the detection of a causal link between two variables, and in the identification of the cause of a given variable.
Meta-analysis reveals that pollinator functional diversity and abundance enhance crop pollination and yield
Authors: Woodcock B. A. , Garratt M. P. D. , Powney G. D. , Shaw R. F. , Osborne J. L. , Soroka J. , Lindström S. A. M. , Stanley D. , Ouvrard P. , Edwards M. E. , Jauker F. , McCracken M. E. , Zou Y. , Potts S. G. , Rundlöf M. , Noriega J. A. , Greenop A. , Smith H. G. , Bommarco R. , van der Werf W. , Stout J. C. , Steffan-Dewenter I. , Morandin L. , Bullock J. M. , Pywell R. F. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHow insects promote crop pollination remains poorly understood in terms of the contribution of functional trait differences between species. We used meta-analyses to test for correlations between community abundance, species richness and functional trait metrics with oilseed rape yield, a globally important crop. While overall abundance is consistently important in predicting yield, functional divergence between species traits also showed a positive correlation. This result supports the complementarity hypothesis that pollination function is maintained by non-overlapping trait distributions. In artificially constructed communities (mesocosms), species richness is positively correlated with yield, although this effect is not seen under field conditions. As traits of the dominant species do not predict yield above that attributed to the effect of abundance alone, we find no evidence in support of the mass ratio hypothesis. Management practices increasing not just pollinator abundance, but also functional divergence, could benefit oilseed rape agriculture.
A temporary indwelling intravascular aphaeretic system for in vivo enrichment of circulating tumor cells
Authors: Kim Tae Hyun , Wang Yang , Oliver C. Ryan , Thamm Douglas H. , Cooling Laura , Paoletti Costanza , Smith Kaylee J. , Nagrath Sunitha , Hayes Daniel F. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCirculating tumor cells (CTCs) have become an established biomarker for prognosis in patients with various carcinomas. However, current ex vivo CTC isolation technologies rely on small blood volumes from a single venipuncture limiting the number of captured CTCs. This produces statistical variability and inaccurate reflection of tumor cell heterogeneity. Here, we describe an in vivo indwelling intravascular aphaeretic CTC isolation system to continuously collect CTCs directly from a peripheral vein. The system returns the remaining blood products after CTC enrichment, permitting interrogation of larger blood volumes than classic phlebotomy specimens over a prolonged period of time. The system is validated in canine models showing capability to screen 1–2% of the entire blood over 2 h. Our result shows substantial increase in CTC capture, compared with serial blood draws. This technology could potentially be used to analyze large number of CTCs to facilitate translation of analytical information into future clinical decisions.
Homogeneous InGaSb crystal grown under microgravity using Chinese recovery satellite SJ-10
Authors: Yu Jianding , Inatomi Yuko , Nirmal Kumar Velu , Hayakawa Yasuhiro , Okano Yasunori , Arivanandhan Mukannan , Momose Yoshimi , Pan Xiuhong , Liu Yan , Zhang Xingwang , Luo Xinghong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMicrogravity crystal growth experiment for the growth of In0.11Ga0.89Sb was performed at the Chinese recoverable satellite through the space program SJ-10. This experiment is aimed to understand the melt formation and growth kinetics of InxGa1−xSb solid solution with higher indium composition, because their segregation coefficient was higher than the crystals with lower indium compositions. The target composition and uniformity were achieved with higher growth rate under microgravity, whereas the uniformity in composition was not achieved under normal gravity. The growth and dissolution were affected mainly by the steady state equilibrium in the melt composition because of the convection under normal gravity. The non-steady state equilibrium in the melt composition under microgravity helped to achieve a higher growth rate and compositional homogeneity at higher indium composition of InxGa1−xSb solid solution.
Targeted enrichment by solution-based hybrid capture to identify genetic sequence variants in barley
Authors: Hill Camilla Beate , Wong Debbie , Tibbits Josquin , Forrest Kerrie , Hayden Matthew , Zhang Xiao-Qi , Westcott Sharon , Angessa Tefera Tolera , Li Chengdao 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn barley and other cereal crops, phenological diversity drives adaptation to different cultivation areas. Improvement of barley yield and quality traits requires adaptation to specific production areas with introgression of favorable alleles dependent upon precise identification of the underlying genes. Combining targeted sequence capture systems with next-generation sequencing provides an efficient approach to explore target genetic regions at high resolution, and allows rapid discovery of thousands of genetic polymorphisms. Here, we apply a versatile target-capture method to detect genome-wide polymorphisms in 174 flowering time-related genes, chosen based on prior knowledge from barley, rice, and Arabidopsis thaliana. Sequences were generated across a phenologically diverse panel of 895 barley varieties, resulting a high mean depth coverage of ~25x allowing reliable discovery and calling of insertion-deletion (InDel) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Sequences of InDel and SNPs from the targeted enrichment were utilized to develop 67 Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) markers for validation. This work provides researchers and breeders a comprehensive molecular toolkit for the selection of phenology-related traits in barley.
Pressure-induced spin transition and site-selective metallization in CoCl2
Authors: Barreda-Argüeso Jose A. , Nataf Lucie , Aguado Fernando , Hernández Ignacio , González Jesús , Otero-de-la-Roza Alberto , Luaña Víctor , Jia Yating , Jin Changqing , Kim Bongjae , Kim Kyoo , Min Byung I. , Heribert Wilhem , Jephcoat Andrew P. , Rodríguez Fernando 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe interplay between spin states and metallization in compressed CoCl2 is investigated by combining diffraction, resistivity and spectroscopy techniques under high-pressure conditions and ab-initio calculations. A pressure-induced metallization along with a Co2+ high-spin (S = 3/2) to low-spin (S = 1/2) crossover transition is observed at high pressure near 70 GPa. This metallization process, which is associated with the p-d charge-transfer band gap closure, maintains the localization of 3d electrons around Co2+, demonstrating that metallization and localized Co2+ -3d low-spin magnetism can coexist prior to the full 3d-electron delocalization (Mott-Hubbard d-d breakdown) at pressures greater than 180 GPa.