bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Omission of lymph node dissection along the recurrent laryngeal nerve for lower thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with short esophageal invasion
Authors: Koterazawa Yasufumi , Goto Hironobu , Saiga Hiroshi , Azumi Yuki , Sawada Ryuichiro , Harada Hitoshi , Urakawa Naoki , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Kanaji Shingo , Yamashita Kimihiro , Matsuda Takeru , Oshikiri Taro , Kakeji Yoshihiro 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundEsophagectomy with lymphadenectomy is the primary treatment for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, intensive dissection of lymph nodes (LNs) along the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is associated with RLN palsy and pulmonary complications leading to poor survival. Therefore, this study aimed identify the risk factors for LNs metastasis along the RLN in patients with ESCC.MethodsThe present study included 168 patients with lower thoracic esophageal and esophagogastric junction (EGJ) squamous cell carcinoma who underwent esophagectomy with total mediastinal lymphadenectomy at Kobe University Hospital. Left/Right cervical paraesophageal (101 L/R), left/right recurrent nerve (106 recL/R), and left tracheobronchial LNs (106 tbL) were defined as LNs along the RLN. We evaluated the pathological distance between the proximal tumor boundary and the EGJ using images of the fixed specimen (PB‐EGJ length).ResultsLN metastasis along the RLN was observed in 19 (11%) patients. The percentage of patients with a longer PB‐EGJ length and cLNs metastasis was higher in the LNs metastasis along the RLN positive‐group than in the RLN‐negative group (p = 0.0075 and p = 0.013, respectively). The incidence of LNs metastasis along the RLN was 0% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0–7.7%) when the PB‐EGJ length was <4 cm. Univariate analysis showed that patients with cLNs metastasis negative had a low risk for LNs metastasis along the RLN (odds ratio = 0.26 and 95% CI = 0.083–0.82).ConclusionsPatients with a PB‐EGJ length <4 cm and negative for cLNs metastasis may be candidates for the omission of lymphadenectomy along the RLN.
Transient gravity‐driven flow of a third‐grade fluid (TGF) on an inclined plane with non‐isothermal effects, exothermic reactions, and porous medium influence
Authors: Khan Idrees , Zulkifli Rozli , Chinyoka T. , Ling Zhi , Ahmad Zubair 
Published: November 2024

AbstractComprehending the dynamics of reactive viscoelastic third‐grade fluids (VTGF) in gravity‐driven flows along inclined planes is crucial for numerous engineering and industrial applications. This research focuses to explore the transient behavior of such a fluid under non‐isothermal conditions, with an emphasis on the impact of exothermic reactions. The inclined plane region, filled with a porous material of constant permeability, is modeled using a modified version of Darcy's law to account for resistance to flow. The viscosity‐temperature dependence follows the Nahme‐type principle, while convective cooling at the free surface is simulated using Newton's cooling law. The exothermic chemical reaction of the material is described using Arrhenius kinetics. The resulting mathematical model for energy balanced and momentum comprises a set of non‐homogeneous and nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs), which are transformed into dimensionless form and solved using semi‐implicit numerical techniques based on finite difference methods (FDM) implemented in Matlab. The study visually examines thermo‐dynamical phenomena such as thermal runaway due to the exothermic reaction and investigates how velocity and temperature respond to variations in system parameters. The numerical findings indicate that the interplay between porous medium, viscosity variation, and thermal effects significantly influences the flow and thermal behavior, providing valuable insights for optimizing and controlling such fluid systems in practical applications.
Computation of stretching disks fluid flow of hybrid nanofluid under the effect of variable magnetic field
Authors: Zada Jan , Khan Aamir , Farooq Muhammad , Alsubaie Abdullah Saad , Rezapour Shahram , Inc Mustafa 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOur investigation revolves around probing into the entropy generation and heat transfer phenomena within the context of an unsteady flow of variable magnetic hybrid nanofluid confined between parallel disks. This incorporation of carbon nanotubes (both single‐walled and multi‐walled) as nano‐particles dispersed within a blend of water and ethylene glycol (50%W + 50% EG). To gain a comprehensive understanding of the physical behavior exhibited by hybrid nanofluids, we have introduced innovative models tailored explicitly for this fluid classification. This research also investigates a swirling flow generated by the rotational movement of circular disks along the z‐direction. Employing the Buongiorno model, specifically a two‐phase nanofluid model, allows for a detailed examination of the thermal behavior of nanoparticles. This analysis highlights the impact of Brownian diffusion and thermophoresis on temperature and concentration distributions within the system. The numerical outcomes and results derived from this analysis have been computed through the HAM and for accuracy is compared with bvp4c program, providing valuable insights into the thermal behavior and distinctive characteristics of these hybrid nanofluids. The novelty of this work has never been shared or compared with any other method. Hybrid nanofluid as Ethylene Glycol cum water transferring heat and mass in SWCNT and MWCNT respectively observed.
Water Reuse in the European Union: Risk Management Approach According to the Regulation (EU) 2020/741
Authors: Maffettone Roberta , Manoli Kyriakos , Drei Pietro , Cacciatori Caterina , Bellini Roberta , Gawlik Bernd Manfred 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn 2020, the Regulation (EU) 2020/741 on minimum requirements for water reuse in agricultural irrigation was approved with the aim to promote water reuse in the European Union. This regulation outlines minimum water quality and monitoring requirements, permitting and transparency provisions related to water reuse, as well as risk management requirements regarding the safe reuse of treated urban wastewater. The Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission developed technical guidelines based on established global approaches and European legal frameworks to assess and manage health and environmental risks associated with water reuse. These guidelines were developed with inputs from experts, EU Member State representatives, and stakeholders, and were informed by workshops, consultations, and case studies from various European Member States. This chapter presents the proposed methodology for the preparation of the risk management plan of a water reuse system where reclaimed water is used for agricultural irrigation, according to the elements listed in Annex 2 of the aforementioned regulation on water reuse.
Challenges to Navigation Rights and High Seas Freedoms in the Indo-Pacific
Authors: Beckman Robert 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper analyses the current challenges to navigation rights and high seas freedoms in the Indo-Pacific, with a particular focus on the South China Sea. First, it sets out the possible actions the Indo-Pacific States could take to challenge what they believe are China’s excessive maritime claims that pose a threat to the rules-based legal order set out in the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (“UNCLOS”).
Legal Stability and Change in the Context of the South China Sea Dispute
Authors: Nishimoto Kentaro 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis chapter considers the People’s Republic of China’s (PRC) arguments in a note verbale dated September 18, 2020, where the PRC referred to the necessity of “developing and improving UNCLOS” in response to international criticism regarding its claims in the South China Sea. How the PRC’s narratives on the incompleteness of the UNCLOS regime and the need for development and improvement are relevant to the South China Sea dispute is discussed, against the backdrop of different mechanisms through which UNCLOS has been able to respond to changing circumstances.
State Jurisdiction Over Submarine Pipelines: Southeast Asian Practice from the Relevant Provisions of National Laws
Authors: Vu Hai Dang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis Chapter evaluates the practice of Southeast Asia in adopting domestic regulations relating to coastal State’s jurisdiction over submarine pipelines. It does so by reviewing relevant provisions in legislations adopted by nine coastal ASEAN Member States and how they apply to submarine pipelines. The States reviewed are Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. It then provides an overall evaluation of the regional practice to see how the jurisdiction over submarine pipelines in the region is regulated in national laws.
Marine Scientific Research in the Protection of the Marine Environment Under the International Legal Framework: A Sustainable Development Goals Perspective
Authors: Batool Minerva , Chang Yen-Chiang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMarine Scientific Research (MSR) under Sustainable Development Goal—14 (SDG 14) has envisioned a new dimension of cooperation for marine environmental protection. This chapter has taken the approach of MSR as provided in SDG 14 to provide a cooperative approach for MSR to protect the marine environment. This chapter analyzes the international law provisions dealing with MSR envisioning cooperation for the protection of the marine environment. The chapter has taken three perspectives of the marine environment: (i) climate change, (ii) fisheries preservation, and (iii) marine protected areas, along with scientific approaches required for marine pollution prevention. The conclusion of this chapter follows the challenges and opportunities for MSR cooperation, which could be a future course of research on the subject matter.
Gravitational Bremsstrahlung in black-hole scattering at $$ \mathcal{O}\left({G}^3\right) $$: linear-in-spin effects
Authors: Bohnenblust Lara , Ita Harald , Kraus Manfred , Schlenk Johannes 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We compute the far-field time-domain waveform of the gravitational waves produced in the scattering of two spinning massive objects. The results include linear-in-spin (S) couplings and first-order gravitational corrections (G3), and are valid for encounters in the weak-field regime. Employing a field-theory framework based on the scattering of massive scalar and vector particles coupled to Einstein-Hilbert gravity, we derive results for leading and the next-to-leading spectral waveforms. We provide analytic expressions for the required scattering data, which include trees, one-loop amplitudes and their cuts. The expressions are extracted from numerical amplitude evaluations with the Caravel program, using analytic reconstruction techniques applied in the classical limit. We confirm a recent prediction for infrared physics of the classical observable, and observe the surprising appearance of a ultraviolet singularity, which drops out in the far-field waveform.
NLO EW and QCD corrections to polarised same-sign WW scattering at the LHC
Authors: Denner Ansgar , Haitz Christoph , Pelliccioli Giovanni 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We present the first calculation of same-sign WW scattering at the LHC in the fully leptonic decay channel including the modelling of polarisation for intermediate electroweak bosons and radiative corrections up to NLO EW+QCD accuracy. The predictions rely on a pole expansion and on the split of polarisation states at matrix-element level. Doubly-polarised and unpolarised signals are investigated together with full off-shell results. A detailed phenomenlogical analysis is carried out focusing on differential observables that discriminate between polarisation states, paving the way for refined polarisation-oriented analyses of vector-boson scattering with Run-3 LHC data.
A multiverse model in T2 dS wedge holography
Authors: Aguilar-Gutierrez Sergio E. , Landgren Filip 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We construct a multiverse model where empty AdSd+1 space is cut off by a pair of accelerated dSd space universes, at a finite AdS boundary cutoff which we treat as a T2 deformation in the holographic dual, and one in the AdS interior, the IR brane; and denote the construction as T2 dS wedge holography. We glue together several copies of this configuration along the UV cutoff and the IR branes in a periodic matter. To provide the model with dynamics similar to those of near Nariai black holes used in other multiverse toy models, we specialize to d = 2 and add dS JT gravity as an intrinsic gravity theory on the IR branes. We then study the entanglement entropy with respect to a finite cutoff observer, who finds a Page curve transition due to an entanglement island connecting the UV cutoff and IR brane. This process involves the coarse-graining of information outside the causally accessible region to the observer. Our model provides an explicit realization of entanglement between IR and UV degrees of freedom encoded in the multiverse.
Logarithmic soft theorems and soft spectra
Authors: Alessio Francesco , Di Vecchia Paolo , Heissenberg Carlo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Using universal predictions provided by classical soft theorems, we revisit the energy emission spectrum for gravitational scatterings of compact objects in the low-frequency expansion. We calculate this observable beyond the zero-frequency limit, retaining an exact dependence on the kinematics of the massive objects. This allows us to study independently the ultrarelativistic or massless limit, where we find agreement with the literature, and the small-deflection or post-Minkowskian (PM) limit, where we provide explicit results up to $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(G5). These confirm that the high-velocity limit of a given PM order is smoothly connected to the corresponding massless result whenever the latter is analytic in the Newton constant G. We also provide explicit expressions for the waveforms to order ω−1, log ω, ω(log ω)2 in the soft limit, ω → 0, expanded up to sub-subleading PM order, as well as a conjecture for the logarithmic soft terms of the type ωn−1(log ω)n with n ≥ 3.
Topological solitons stabilized by a background gauge field and soliton-anti-soliton asymmetry
Authors: Amari Yuki , Eto Minoru , Nitta Muneto 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We study topological lumps supported by the second homotopy group π2(S2) ⋍ ℤ in a gauged O(3) model without any potential term coupled with a (non)dynamical U(1) gauge field. It is known that gauged-lumps are stable with an easy-plane potential term but are unstable to expand if the model has no potential term. In this paper, we find that these gauged lumps without a potential term can be made stable by putting them in a uniform magnetic field, irrespective of whether the gauge field is dynamical or not. In the case of the non-dynamical gauge field, only either of lumps or anti-lumps stably exists depending on the sign of the background magnetic field, and the other is unstable to shrink to be singular. We also construct coaxial multiple lumps whose size and mass exhibit a behaviour of droplets. In the case of the dynamical gauge field, both the lumps and anti-lumps stably exist with different masses; the lighter (heavier) one corresponds to the (un)stable one in the case of the nondynamical gauge field. We find that a lump behaves as a superconducting ring and traps magnetic field in its inside, with the total magnetic field reduced from the background magnetic field.
Upper Bound for the Grand Canonical Free Energy of the Bose Gas in the Gross–Pitaevskii Limit for General Interaction Potentials
Authors: Caporaletti Marco , Deuchert Andreas 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe consider a homogeneous Bose gas in the Gross–Pitaevskii limit at temperatures that are comparable to the critical temperature for Bose–Einstein condensation. Recently, an upper bound for the grand canonical free energy was proved in Boccato et al. (SIAM J Math Anal 56(2):2611–2660, 2024) capturing two novel contributions. First, the free energy of the interacting condensate is given in terms of an effective theory describing the probability distribution of the number of condensed particles. Second, the free energy of the thermally excited particles equals that of a temperature-dependent Bogoliubov Hamiltonian. We extend this result to a more general class of interaction potentials, including interactions with a hard core. Our proof follows a different approach than the one in Boccato et al. (SIAM J Math Anal 56(2):2611–2660, 2024): We model microscopic correlations between the particles by a Jastrow factor and exploit a cancellation in the computation of the energy that emerges due to the different length scales in the system.
Study of two-dimensional nonlinear coupled time-space fractional order reaction advection diffusion equations using shifted Legendre-Gauss-Lobatto collocation method
Authors: Anjuman  , Chopra Manish , Das Subir , Altenbach Holm 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this article, the nonlinear coupled two-dimensional space-time fractional order reaction-advection–diffusion equations (2D-STFRADEs) with initial and boundary conditions is solved by using Shifted Legendre-Gauss-Lobatto Collocation method (SLGLCM) with fractional derivative defined in Caputo sense. The SLGLC scheme is used to discretize the coupled nonlinear 2D-STFRADEs into the shifted Legendre polynomial roots to convert it to a system of algebraic equations. The efficiency and efficacy of the scheme are confirmed through error analysis while applying the scheme on two existing problems having exact solutions. The impact of advection and reaction terms on the solution profiles for various space and time fractional order derivatives are shown graphically for different particular cases. A drive has been made to study the convergence of the proposed scheme, which has been applied on the proposed mathematical model.
Gap filling between GRACE and GRACE-FO missions: assessment of interpolation techniques
Authors: Lecomte Hugo , Rosat Severine , Mandea Mioara 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe propose a benchmark for comparing gap-filling techniques used on global time-variable gravity field time-series. The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and the GRACE Follow-On missions provide products to study the Earth’s time-variable gravity field. However, the presence of missing months in the measurements poses challenges for understanding specific Earth processes through the gravity field. We reproduce, adapt, and compare satellite-monitoring and interpolation techniques for filling these missing months in GRACE and GRACE Follow-On products on a global scale. Satellite-monitoring techniques utilize solutions from Swarm and satellite laser ranging, while interpolation techniques rely on GRACE and/or Swarm solutions. We assess a wide range of interpolation techniques, including least-squares fitting, principal component analysis, singular spectrum analysis, multichannel singular spectrum analysis, auto-regressive models, and the incorporation of prior data in these techniques. To inter-compare these techniques, we employ a remove-and-restore approach, removing existing GRACE products and predicting missing months using interpolation techniques. We provide detailed comparisons of the techniques and discuss their strengths and limitations. The auto-regressive interpolation technique delivers the best score according to our evaluation metric. The interpolation based on a least-squares fitting of constant, trend, annual, and semi-annual cycles offers a simple and effective prediction with a good score. Through this assessment, we establish a starting benchmark for gap-filling techniques in Earth’s time-variable gravity field analysis.
SU(2)-Equivariant Quantum Channels: Semiclassical Analysis
Authors: Aschieri Tommaso , Ruba Błażej , Solovej Jan Philip 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe study completely positive and trace-preserving equivariant maps between operators on irreducible representations of $${{\,\textrm{SU}\,}}(2)$$

SU

(
2
)

. We find asymptotic approximations of channels in the limit of large output representation and we compute traces of functions of channel outputs. Our main tool is quantization using coherent states. We provide quantitative error bounds for various semiclassical formulas satisfied by quantizations of functions on the sphere.
Identifying Major Factors for Success and Failure of Conservation Programs in Europe
Authors: Farwig Nina , Sprenger Philipp P. , Baur Bruno , Böhning-Gaese Katrin , Brandt Angelika , Eisenhauer Nico , Ellwanger Götz , Hochkirch Axel , Karamanlidis Alexandros A. , Mehring Marion , Pusch Martin , Rehling Finn , Sommerwerk Nike , Spatz Theresa , Svenning Jens-Christian , Tischew Sabine , Tockner Klement , Tscharntke Teja , Vadrot Alice B. M. , Taffner Julian , Fürst Christine , Jähnig Sonja C. , Mosbrugger Volker 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In Europe, various conservation programs adopted to maintain or restore biodiversity have experienced differing levels of success. However, a synthesis about major factors for success of biodiversity-related conservation programs across ecosystems and national boundaries, such as incentives, subsidies, enforcement, participation, or spatial context, is missing. Using a balanced scorecard survey among experts, we analyzed and compared factors contributing to success or failure of three different conservation programs: two government programs (Natura 2000 and the ecological measures of the Water Framework Directive) and one conservation program of a non-governmental organization (NGO; Rewilding Europe), all focusing on habitat and species conservation. The experts perceived the NGO program as more successful in achieving biodiversity-related aims than governmental conservation legislation. Among the factors perceived to influence the success of biodiversity conservation, several stood out: Biodiversity-damaging subsidies, external economic interests competing with conservation goals or policies conflicting with biodiversity conservation were recognized as major factors for the lack of conservation success. Outreach to raise societal interest and awareness as well as stakeholder involvement were perceived as closely related to the success of programs. Our expert survey demonstrated that external factors from economy and policy often hinder success of conservation programs, while societal and environmental factors rather contribute to it. This study implies that conservation programs should be designed to be as inclusive as possible and provides a basis for developing a standardized methodology that explicitly considers indirect drivers from areas such as economy, policy and society.