bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology and genotypic characterisation of dissemination patterns of uropathogenicEscherichia coliin a community
Authors: Matsukawa M. , Igarashi M. , Watanabe H. , Qin L. , Ohnishi M. , Terajima J. , Iyoda S. , Morita-Ishihara T. , Tateda K. , Ishii Y. , Saga T. , Aoki K. , Bonomo R. A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTo characterise the dissemination patterns of uropathogenicEscherichia coli(UPEC) in a community, we conducted a study utilising molecular and fundamental descriptive epidemiology. The subjects, consisted of women having community-acquired acute urinary tract infection (UTI), were enrolled in the study from 2011 to 2012. UPEC isolates were subjected to antibacterial-susceptibility testing, O serogrouping, phylotyping, multilocus-sequence typing with phylogenetic-tree analysis and pulsed-field-gel electrophoresis (PFGE). From the 209 unique positive urinary samples 166 UPEC were isolated, of which 129 were fully susceptible to the tested antibiotics. Of the 53 sequence types (STs), the four most prevalent STs (ST95, ST131, ST73 and ST357) accounted for 60% of all UPEC strains. Antimicrobial resistance was less frequently observed for ST95 and ST73 than for the others. A majority of rare STs and a few common STs constituted the diversity pattern within the population structure, which was composed of the two phylogenetically distinct clades. Eleven genetically closely related groups were determined by PFGE, which accounted for 42 of the 166 UPEC isolates, without overt geo-temporal clustering. Our results indicate that a few major lineages of UPEC, selected by unidentified factors, are disseminated in this community and contribute to a large fraction of acute UTIs.
A One Health investigation of Salmonella enterica serovar Wangata in north-eastern New South Wales, Australia, 2016–2017
Authors: Collins J. , Simpson K. M. J. , Bell G. , Durrheim D. N. , Hill-Cawthorne G. A. , Hope K. , Howard P. , Kohlenberg T. , Lawrence K. , Lilly K. , Porigneaux P. , Sintchenko V. , Wang Q. , Ward M. P. , Wiethoelter A. , Mor S. M. , Flint J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSalmonella enterica serovar Wangata (S. Wangata) is an important cause of endemic salmonellosis in Australia, with human infections occurring from undefined sources. This investigation sought to examine possible environmental and zoonotic sources for human infections with S. Wangata in north-eastern New South Wales (NSW), Australia. The investigation adopted a One Health approach and was comprised of three complimentary components: a case–control study examining human risk factors; environmental and animal sampling; and genomic analysis of human, animal and environmental isolates. Forty-eight human S. Wangata cases were interviewed during a 6-month period from November 2016 to April 2017, together with 55 Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) controls and 130 neighbourhood controls. Indirect contact with bats/flying foxes (S. Typhimurium controls (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06–6.48)) (neighbourhood controls (aOR 8.33, 95% CI 2.58–26.83)), wild frogs (aOR 3.65, 95% CI 1.32–10.07) and wild birds (aOR 6.93, 95% CI 2.29–21.00) were statistically associated with illness in multivariable analyses. S. Wangata was detected in dog faeces, wildlife scats and a compost specimen collected from the outdoor environments of cases’ residences. In addition, S. Wangata was detected in the faeces of wild birds and sea turtles in the investigation area. Genomic analysis revealed that S. Wangata isolates were relatively clonal. Our findings suggest that S. Wangata is present in the environment and may have a reservoir in wildlife populations in north-eastern NSW. Further investigation is required to better understand the occurrence of Salmonella in wildlife groups and to identify possible transmission pathways for human infections.
Screening and measurement of cognitive impairment in psychiatry
Authors: Harrison John E. 
Published: March 2019

A key message from the review of cognitive dysfunction in psychiatry published by Millanet al(2012) was not just that cognitive skills are often compromised in patients with psychiatric disorders, but that deficits in specific domains are common to a number of conditions. The review also highlighted that the magnitude of the observed deficits varied across disorders. A helpful element of the Millanet alstudy was the inclusion of a table in which the authors sought to convey the domains of cognition and a categorization of the magnitude of the observed deficits.In previous articles, we have considered best practice for the assessment of cognition. In these contributions, we have argued not for the use of specific tests, but instead for measures that meet acceptable standards of reliability, validity, and sensitivity. In the course of our discussions, we have included reference to test validity in the context of considering whether selected measures index appropriate domains of cognition. In this article, we begin with a brief discussion of the requirements for good test selection, especially with respect to issues of sensitivity, reliability, and validity. Thereafter the focus of this article is on the issue of domain validity. We will critically review the specification of the cognitive domains proposed by Millanet al, as well as those selected by authors of meta-analyses characterizing cognitive deficits in major depressive disorders. This focus is solely to make the discussion tractable, though we propose that the issues raised will be applicable across all psychiatric and neurological disorders.
6 Presence and Impact of Possible Tardive Dyskinesia in Patients Prescribed Antipsychotics: Results from the RE-KINECT Study
Authors: Cutler Andrew J. , Caroff Stanley N. , Tanner Caroline M. , Shalhoub Huda , Lenderking William R. , Chen Jun , Yeomans Karen , Anthony Ericha , Yonan Chuck 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveTardive dyskinesia (TD) is a hyperkinetic movement disorder associated with antipsychotic treatment. RE KINECT (NCT03062033), a real-world study of outpatients prescribed antipsychotics, was designed to identify the presence of possible TD and characterize the impact of involuntary movements on functioning and quality of life. Data from RE-KINECT were used to compare the impact of possible TD in patients with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder [SZD] versus mood/other psychiatric disorders [Mood].MethodsAdults with ≥3months of lifetime exposure to antipsychotics and ≥1 psychiatric disorder were recruited. The presence of possible TD was based on clinicians’ observation of involuntary movements in 4 body regions (head, trunk, upper extremities, and lower extremities). Baseline outcomes included demographics, medication history, location/severity of abnormal movements, impact of abnormal movements on daily activities, the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS), and the EuroQoL 5-Dimensional questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L).ResultsOf 204 patients with clinician-confirmed possible TD, 111 (54.4%) had a SZD diagnosis and 93 (45.6%) had a mood/other psychiatric diagnosis. Significant differences found between groups (Mood vs SZD) included: mean age (56.9 vs 52.7 years; P=0.0263); male sex (33.3% vs 62.2%; P<0.0001); African-American race (7.5% vs 26.1%; P=0.0005); mean lifetime exposure to antipsychotics (9.5 vs 19.5 years; P<0.0001); and percentage of patients currently taking ≥2 psychiatric medications (93.5% vs 79.3%; P=0.0093). Based on clinician observation, there were no significant differences between diagnosis groups in the number of body regions impacted by abnormal movements, maximum severity score across all 4 regions, or patient awareness of possible TD. Over 30% of patients in both groups reported that involuntary movements had “some” or “a lot” of impact on their ability to continue usual activities, be productive, and socialize. No significant differences between the diagnosis groups (Mood vs SZD) were found for mean SDS total score (12.8 vs 10.8), SDS domain scores (work/school [4.1 vs 4.2], social life [4.3 vs 3.7], family life [4.1 vs 3.5]), EQ-5D-5L utility score (0.68 vs 0.74), or EQ-5D-5L health state VAS (64.8 vs 68.5).ConclusionsIn this cohort of outpatients with possible TD, those with Mood disorders were more likely to be older, female, and white than patients with SZD. The ability to function and quality of life were equally impaired in both groups. Further studies on the impact of TD are needed.Funding Acknowledgements: Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc.
32 Early-Onset Efficacy and Safety Pilot Study of Amphetamine Extended-Release Oral Suspension (AMPH EROS) in the Treatment of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Childress Ann C. , Pardo Antonio , King Thomas R. , Kando Judith C. , Herman Barry K. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveTo determine whether amphetamine extended-release oralsuspension (AMPH EROS) has an onset of effect at 30minutes postdose inchildren with ADHD.MethodsThis randomized, double-blind, 2-treatment, 2-sequence, placebo-controlled crossover pilot study enrolled subjects aged 6 to 12 years withattention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and ADHD-Rating Scale-5 scores of ≥90th percentile for sex and age. A dose of 5 to 20mg/day of AMPH EROS was determined during a 1-week open-label phase based on medication history, symptom control, and tolerability. Subjects completed a practice laboratory classroom then received one day of double-blind active drug or placebo each in random sequence during 2 double-blind laboratory classroom days. Subjects completed the first double-blind laboratory classroom session, returned to open label drug for 5days then crossed over on day 6 during a second double-blind laboratory classroom session. DB dose was fixed at AMPH EROS 15, 17.5, or 20mg . The primary endpoint was change from predose in the Swanson, Kotkin, Agler, M-Flynn, Pelham rating scale-combined score (SKAMP-C) at 30minutes postdose on two DB days. The key secondary endpoint was change from predose in the SKAMP-C score at 3hours postdose for AMPH EROS compared with placebo. Safety assessments included vital signs and adverse events.ResultsEighteen subjects were enrolled in the study (14 males and 4 females) with a mean age of 9 years. At both 30minutes and 3hours postdose, changes from baseline in SKAMP-C for AMPH EROS vs. placebo were statistically significant (p<0.01 and p=0.0002, respectively) with corresponding effect sizes of 0.96 and 1.57. Adverse events (>10%) during the open-label phase included upper respiratory tract infection, fatigue, upper abdominal pain, headache, decreased appetite, and affect lability.ConclusionsAMPH EROS was effective in reducing ADHD symptoms at 30minutes postdose. AEs were mild or moderate and consistent with those of other extended-release amphetamines.Funding Acknowledgements: Support was provided by Tris Pharma, Inc.
46 Confirmed Safety of Deutetrabenazine for Tardive Dyskinesia in a 2-Year Open-label Extension Study
Authors: Fernandez Hubert H. , Stamler David , Davis Mat D. , Factor Stewart A. , Hauser Robert A. , Jimenez-Shahed Joohi , Ondo William G. , Jarskog L. Fredrik , Woods Scott W. , LeDoux Mark S. , Shprecher David R. , Anderson Karen E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractStudy ObjectiveTo evaluate the long-term safety and tolerability of deutetrabenazine in patients with tardive dyskinesia (TD) at 2years.BackgroundIn the 12-week ARM-TD and AIM-TD studies, deutetrabenazine showed clinically significant improvements in Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale scores compared with placebo, and there were low rates of overall adverse events (AEs) and discontinuations associated with deutetrabenazine.MethodPatients who completed ARM-TD or AIM-TD were included in this open-label, single-arm extension study, in which all patients restarted/started deutetrabenazine 12mg/day, titrating up to a maximum total daily dose of 48mg/day based on dyskinesia control and tolerability. The study comprised a 6-week titration period and a long-term maintenance phase. Safety measures included incidence of AEs, serious AEs (SAEs), and AEs leading to withdrawal, dose reduction, or dose suspension. Exposure-adjusted incidence rates (EAIRs; incidence/patient-years) were used to compare AE frequencies for long-term treatment with those for short-term treatment (ARM-TD and AIM-TD). This analysis reports results up to 2 years (Week106).Results343 patients were enrolled (111 patients received placebo in the parent study and 232 received deutetrabenazine). There were 331.4 patient-years of exposure in this analysis. Through Week 106, EAIRs of AEs were comparable to or lower than those observed with short-term deutetrabenazine and placebo, including AEs of interest (akathisia/restlessness [long-term EAIR: 0.02; short-term EAIR range: 0–0.25], anxiety [0.09; 0.13–0.21], depression [0.09; 0.04–0.13], diarrhea [0.06; 0.06–0.34], parkinsonism [0.01; 0–0.08], somnolence/sedation [0.09; 0.06–0.81], and suicidality [0.02; 0–0.13]). The frequency of SAEs (EAIR 0.15) was similar to those observed with short-term placebo (0.33) and deutetrabenazine (range 0.06–0.33) treatment. AEs leading to withdrawal (0.08), dose reduction (0.17), and dose suspension (0.06) were uncommon.ConclusionsThese results confirm the safety outcomes seen in the ARM-TD and AIM-TD parent studies, demonstrating that deutetrabenazine is well tolerated for long-term use in TD patients.Presented at: American Academy of Neurology Annual Meeting; April 21–27, 2018, Los Angeles, California,USAFunding Acknowledgements: Funding: This study was supported by Teva Pharmaceuticals, Petach Tikva, Israel
79 Failure to Do Maintenance Therapy After Completion of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Treatment Is a Cause of Relapse of Depression in MDD Patient
Authors: Malik Sitwat , Malik Azfar , Mercille Kimberly 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this case report is to provide information regarding the importance and effectiveness of monthly maintenance therapy (if required) after completing full course of 36 TMS (Transcranial magnetic stimulation) sessions. (Most patients do not require the maintenance after full course of treatment.)This is the first study to evaluate the cause of relapse of depression after TMS treatment can be due to failure to do maintenance therapy, no related studies are found in the literature.MethodThe participant is a 57-year-old female with chronic history of treatment resistant MDD since her teenage years. She has been treated 3 times with full course of TMS treatment in 2 years with excellent results, and she went in remission from depression after every treatment. However, due to lack of her attendance for maintenance therapy, despite suggestions by the psychiatrist, her depression relapsed each time within 2–3 months. She was unable to follow-up with maintenance therapy due to her financial situation and lack of coverage of maintenance therapy cost through insurance.ResultPatient was monitored from initiation of therapy each day until end with clinical rating scale PHQ9& GAD7 for depression & anxiety (in all 3 therapies in 2 years). Marked improvement was observed in her symptoms as shown with range during 3 therapies in the chart below. During each therapy, her remission started anytime from10th-14th treatment and after completion of treatment, she was in remission, fully functional & back to normal life.Clinical rating Baseline score in 3 Outcome score in therapies (Before 3 therapies (End TMS treatment of 36 TMS)PHQ-9 Range: 18-26 Range: 5-9GAD-7 Range: 14-21 Range: 6-7ConclusionRegardless of the limitations of the study (such as case study on one patient), our findings highly suggest that lack of maintenance therapy when needed after completing TMS treatment with full remission may be a cause of relapse of depression in MDD patients. Following through with proper maintenance therapy will prevent relapse of MDD and may have lead to more successful outcomes in subsequent patients. Randomized clinical trial is warranted on large patient population for further evaluation.
84 Assessment of Current Clinical Practices in Recognizing and Treating Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Correll Christoph U. , Chatterjee Piyali , Gitzinger Susan H. , Lubarda Jovana , Morgan Marcello 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundAmong adults in the US, bipolar disorder affects 2.6% or 5.7 million individuals; 83% of cases are considered to be severe. Even when an accurate diagnosis of bipolar disorder is established, its treatment remains suboptimal, and those with the disorder often fail to receive any care or evidence‐based care.IntroductionA continuing medical education (CME)-certified 25-item, multiple choice clinical practice assessment survey was developed to assess recognition and treatment of bipolar disorder, specifically, the use of LAIs in these patients.MethodsThe survey included knowledge- and case-based multiple-choice questions completed confidentially online. The survey was launched on December 20, 2017 and hosted on the Medscape Education website. Participant responses were collected through January 31, 2018. Confidentiality was maintained, and responses were de-identified and aggregated before analyses.Results(n=1123 psychiatrists; 305 primary care physicians [PCPs]):- When asked about assessment tools in bipolar disorder, only 43% of psychiatrists and 36% of PCPs could identify the correct use of the MDQ screening instrument, while only 64% of psychiatrists and 51% of PCPs knew that the use of the MDQ can improve recognition of bipolar disorder in patients with depression;- Psychiatrists were more likely to correctly identify the symptoms that most strongly support a diagnosis of bipolar disorder compared to PCPs (76% vs 43%, respectively);- When asked about laboratory testing in mood disorders, 52% of psychiatrists and 46% of PCPs knew that laboratory testing can help exclude alternative causes for mood symptoms;- The majority of both healthcare professionals (73%–75%) did not know that diagnosis of bipolar I disorder relies heavily on changes in activity, energy, and mood;- 87% of psychiatrists and 76% of PCPs did not identify oral aripiprazole as the only SGA not approved by the FDA for the maintenance treatment of bipolar I disorder;- 49% of PCPs did not recognize lithium as the first choice for maintenance monotherapy for bipolar I disorder according to the guidelines;- Only 19% of psychiatrists and 20% of PCPs correctly chose aripiprazole monohydrate and risperidone microspheres as the LAI SGAs indicated for use as monotherapy for patients with bipolar I disorder;- When asked what is the most common barrier to prescribing LAI antipsychotics in patients with bipolar disorder, 34% of psychiatrists selected “Patients fear of injectables”ConclusionsThis educational research identified psychiatrists and PCPs’ current real-world clinical practices and gaps in the knowledge and competence in the diagnosis and assessment of bipolar disorder, and the treatment options for this condition. Further educational efforts tailored to address identified gaps for each audience are warranted.Funding Acknowledgements:Otsuka
Do Europeans consider sustainability when making food choices? A survey of Polish city-dwellers
Authors: Rejman Krystyna , Kaczorowska Joanna , Halicka Ewa , Laskowski Wacław 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo obtain a better insight into the conceptualization of sustainable consumption among consumers with special focus on food choice determinants. Previous studies show that people present positive attitude towards sustainable diet while their everyday food choices do not follow sustainable diet rules.DesignA structured questionnaire was designed and data were collected via computer-assisted telephone interview among a random group (n600) of city-dwellers. Quota sampling was used in proportion to the city population. Cluster analysis (k-means method) was applied to identify consumer segments according to the determinants of food choices. Consumer segments were identified using one-way ANOVA withpost hocDuncan comparison of mean scores and cross-tabulation withχ2. The Friedman test was applied to identify enablers and barriers of sustainable food choices.SettingCities in Mazovia, the best developed, central region of Poland.ParticipantsAdults (21–70 years old).ResultsConsumers are not familiar with the concept of sustainability and are not able to define it adequately. Only 6 % of the studied population indicated that sustainable consumption is connected with nutrition which has possibly less impact on the environment. Three segments of consumers were distinguished regarding their attitude to food choice determinants adequate to sustainable diet: Non-Adopters (17 %), Emergents (32 %), Adopters (51 %). Desire to improve health by decreasing body weight was the main driver for sustainable food choices, while prices were the main limitation.ConclusionsKnowledge dissemination on sustainability issues is needed to empower consumers to make more sustainable food choices and to make public health and food policy measures more effective.
Socio-economic and demographic characteristics associated with risk behaviour patterns for chronic non-communicable diseases in Brazil: data from the National Health Survey, 2013
Authors: Duarte Ana Paula P , Rodrigues Paulo Rogério Melo , Ferreira Márcia Gonçalves , Cunha Diana Barbosa , Moreira Naiara Ferraz , Sichieri Rosely , Muraro Ana Paula 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo identify risk behaviour patterns for chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD) in the Brazilian population and to investigate associated socio-economic and demographic factors.DesignFactor analysis was used to identify patterns considering the following risk behaviours: consumption of soft drinks/artificial juice, sweet foods, red meat with apparent fat, chicken skin; inadequate consumption of fruits and vegetables; alcohol abuse; smoking; absence of physical activity during leisure time; and time spent watching television. The χ2 test was used to compare ratios. All analyses accounted for weighting factors and the study’s complex sampling design effect. The socio-economic and demographic variables evaluated were gender, age, schooling level and macro region of residence.SettingNational Health Survey, a household survey with national representation, conducted in 2013 in Brazil.ParticipantsIndividuals (n 60202) aged 18 years or over.ResultsFour risk behaviour patterns were identified: ‘Physical inactivity in leisure time and Inadequate consumption of fruits and vegetables’, ‘Saturated fat’, ‘Alcohol and Smoking’ and ‘Sedentary behaviour and Sugar’, explaining 52·01 % of the total variance. Overall, greater adherence to ‘Saturated fat’ and ‘Alcohol and Smoking’ patterns was observed among men and those with lower education level. The ‘Sedentary behaviour and Sugar’ and ‘Physical inactivity in leisure time and Inadequate consumption of fruits and vegetables’ patterns had greater adherence among younger individuals, and the first was associated with higher education whereas the second with less education among individuals residing in the North and Northeast regions.ConclusionsRisk behaviour patterns for NCD were heterogeneous, reflecting the socio-economic and demographic differences in Brazil.
VARIATIONS OF BPS STRUCTURE AND A LARGE RANK LIMIT
Authors: Scalise Jacopo , Stoppa Jacopo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe study a class of flat bundles, of finite rank $N$, which arise naturally from the Donaldson–Thomas theory of a Calabi–Yau threefold $X$ via the notion of a variation of BPS structure. We prove that in a large $N$ limit their flat sections converge to the solutions to certain infinite-dimensional Riemann–Hilbert problems recently found by Bridgeland. In particular this implies an expression for the positive degree, genus 0 Gopakumar–Vafa contribution to the Gromov–Witten partition function of $X$ in terms of solutions to confluent hypergeometric differential equations.