bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feature Generation for Adaptive Gradient‐Domain Path Tracing
Authors: Back Jonghee , Yoon Sung‐Eui , Moon Bochang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a new technique to incorporate recent adaptive rendering approaches built upon local regression theory into a gradient‐domain path tracing framework, in order to achieve high‐quality rendering results. Our method aims to reduce random artifacts introduced by random sampling on image colors and gradients. Our high‐level approach is to identify a feature image from noisy gradients, and pass the image to an existing local regression based adaptive method so that adaptive sampling and reconstruction using our feature can boost the performance of gradient‐domain rendering. To fulfill our idea, we derive an ideal feature in the form of image gradients and propose an estimation process for the ideal feature in the presence of noise in image gradients. We demonstrate that our integrated adaptive solution leads to performance improvement for a gradient‐domain path tracer, by seamlessly incorporating recent adaptive sampling and reconstruction strategies through our estimated feature.
Mumford‐Shah Mesh Processing using the Ambrosio‐Tortorelli Functional
Authors: Bonneel Nicolas , Coeurjolly David , Gueth Pierre , Lachaud Jacques‐Olivier 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe Mumford‐Shah functional approximates a function by a piecewise smooth function. Its versatility makes it ideal for tasks such as image segmentation or restoration, and it is now a widespread tool of image processing. Recent work has started to investigate its use for mesh segmentation and feature lines detection, but we take the stance that the power of this functional could reach far beyond these tasks and integrate the everyday mesh processing toolbox. In this paper, we discretize an Ambrosio‐Tortorelli approximation via a Discrete Exterior Calculus formulation. We show that, combined with a new shape optimization routine, several mesh processing problems can be readily tackled within the same framework. In particular, we illustrate applications in mesh denoising, normal map embossing, mesh inpainting and mesh segmentation.
Learning Scene Illumination by Pairwise Photos from Rear and Front Mobile Cameras
Authors: Cheng Dachuan , Shi Jian , Chen Yanyun , Deng Xiaoming , Zhang Xiaopeng. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIllumination estimation is an essential problem in computer vision, graphics and augmented reality. In this paper, we propose a learning based method to recover low‐frequency scene illumination represented as spherical harmonic (SH) functions by pairwise photos from rear and front cameras on mobile devices. An end‐to‐end deep convolutional neural network (CNN) structure is designed to process images on symmetric views and predict SH coefficients. We introduce a novel Render Loss to improve the rendering quality of the predicted illumination. A high quality high dynamic range (HDR) panoramic image dataset was developed for training and evaluation. Experiments show that our model produces visually and quantitatively superior results compared to the state‐of‐the‐arts. Moreover, our method is practical for mobile‐based applications.
Automatic Mechanism Modeling from a Single Image with CNNs
Authors: Lin Minmin , Shao Tianjia , Zheng Youyi , Ren Zhong , Weng Yanlin , Yang Yin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper presents a novel system that enables a fully automatic modeling of both 3D geometry and functionality of a mechanism assembly from a single RGB image. The resulting 3D mechanism model highly resembles the one in the input image with the geometry, mechanical attributes, connectivity, and functionality of all the mechanical parts prescribed in a physically valid way. This challenging task is realized by combining various deep convolutional neural networks to provide high‐quality and automatic part detection, segmentation, camera pose estimation and mechanical attributes retrieval for each individual part component. On the top of this, we use a local/global optimization algorithm to establish geometric interdependencies among all the parts while retaining their desired spatial arrangement. We use an interaction graph to abstract the inter‐part connection in the resulting mechanism system. If an isolated component is identified in the graph, our system enumerates all the possible solutions to restore the graph connectivity, and outputs the one with the smallest residual error. We have extensively tested our system with a wide range of classic mechanism photos, and experimental results show that the proposed system is able to build high‐quality 3D mechanism models without user guidance.
Shape and Pose Estimation for Closely Interacting Persons Using Multi‐view Images
Authors: Li Kun , Jiao Nianhong , Liu Yebin , Wang Yangang , Yang Jingyu 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMulti‐person pose and shape estimation is very challenging, especially when the persons have close interactions. Existing methods only work well when people are well spaced out in the captured images. However, close interaction among people is very common in real life, which is more challenge due to complex articulation, frequent occlusion and inherent ambiguities. We present a fully‐automatic markerless motion capture method to simultaneously estimate 3D poses and shapes of closely interacting people from multi‐view sequences. We first predict the 2D joints for each person in an image, and then design a spatio‐temporal tracker for multi‐person pose tracking based on multi‐view videos. Finally, we estimate 3D poses and shapes of all the persons with multi‐view constraints using a skinned multi‐person linear model (SMPL). Experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves fast but accurate pose and shape estimation results for multi‐person close interaction cases. Compared with existing methods, our method does not need pre‐segmentation for each person and manual intervention, which greatly reduces the complexity of the system including time complexity and system processing complexity.
Decomposing Images into Layers with Advanced Color Blending
Authors: Koyama Yuki , Goto Masataka 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDigital paintings are often created by compositing semi‐transparent layers using various advanced color‐blend modes, such as “color‐burn,” “multiply,” and “screen,” which can produce interesting non‐linear color effects. We propose a method of decomposing an input image into layers with such advanced color blending. Unlike previous layer‐decomposition methods, which typically support only linear color‐blend modes, ours can handle any user‐specified color‐blend modes. To enable this, we generalize a previous color‐unblending formulation, in which only a specific layering model was considered. We also introduce several techniques for adapting our generalized formulation to practical use, such as the post‐processing for refining smoothness. Our method lets users explore possible decompositions to find the one that matches for their purposes by manipulating the target color‐blend mode and desired color distribution for each layer, as well as the number of layers. Thus, the output of our method is a layered, easily editable image composition organized in a way that digital artists are familiar with. Our method is useful for remixing existing illustrations, flexibly editing single‐layer paintings, and bringing physically painted media (e.g., oil paintings) into a digital workflow.
GPU‐based Polynomial Finite Element Matrix Assembly for Simplex Meshes
Authors: Mueller‐Roemer J. S. , Stork A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we present a matrix assembly technique for arbitrary polynomial order finite element simulations on simplex meshes for graphics processing units (GPU). Compared to the current state of the art in GPU‐based matrix assembly, we avoid the need for an intermediate sparse matrix and perform assembly directly into the final, GPU‐optimized data structure. Thereby, we avoid the resulting 180% to 600% memory overhead, depending on polynomial order, and associated allocation time, while simplifying the assembly code and using a more compact mesh representation. We compare our method with existing algorithms and demonstrate significant speedups.
An overview of the Italian market for 2015: cooking quality and nutritional value of gluten‐free pasta
Authors: Morreale Federico , Boukid Fatma , Carini Eleonora , Federici Enrico , Vittadini Elena , Pellegrini Nicoletta 
Published: October 2018

SummaryA roundup of gluten‐free (GF) pasta sold in the Italian market in 2015 was characterised throughout cooking behaviour, texture, colour and nutritional value. A preliminary evaluation of cooking quality of the thirty‐three available products underlined an extremely heterogeneous technological quality. Eleven categories were, therefore, discriminated based on the main ingredients declared on the labels. Interestingly, the most numerous category (rice and corn) was pulverised on the factorial space indicating highly heterogeneous properties. This result was confirmed throughout multivariate statistics and can be likely due to diversity in ingredients proportions or/and processing. Nutritional evaluation of GF pasta pointed out a good nutritional quality. Therefore, the combination of technological and nutritional analyses demonstrated a huge difference among the analysed pasta samples, which can increase the difficulty of consumers to make their choice, and leaves room for further improvement of GF pasta formulation and productive processing.
Effects of different souring methods on the protein quality and iron and zinc bioaccessibilities of non‐alcoholic beverages from sorghum and amaranth
Authors: Adeyanju Adeyemi A. , Kruger Johanita , Taylor John R. N. , Duodu Kwaku G. 
Published: October 2018

SummarySouring by lactic acid fermentation and lactic acid acidification as well as inclusion of amaranth were explored as ways of improving the protein quality and iron and zinc bioaccessibilities of non‐alcoholic sorghum‐based beverages. The bioaccessible iron and zinc increased by 128–372%, 24–194%, respectively, in the fermented and chemically acidified beverages compared to the beverages without fermentation or acidification. The protein digestibility, reactive lysine, and bioaccessible iron in sorghum‐amaranth beverages increased by 14–58%, 24–52% and 34–64%, respectively, compared with the 100% sorghum beverages. Both fermentation and acidification with lactic acid have the potentials for improving the nutritional quality of cereal‐based foods as a means of combating protein malnutrition and iron and zinc deficiencies.
Phase transition and piezoelectricity of BaZrO3‐modified (K,Na)NbO3 lead‐free piezoelectric thin films
Authors: Luo Jin , Zhang Suwei , Zhou Zhen , Zhang Yichi , Lee Hyun‐Young , Yue Zhenxing , Li Jing‐Feng 
Published: October 2018

Abstract(K,Na)NbO3 (KNN) is a promising lead‐free ferroelectric/piezoelectric system, to which incorporating BaZrO3 can greatly enhance its piezoelectricity, but the mechanism is not clear. This work was conducted to investigate the phase transition in the BaZrO3‐modifed KNN system and its contribution to piezoelectricity enhancement, using thin films with a fixed orientation and high compositional homogeneity fabricated by a sol‐gel method. Two ferroelectric‐to‐ferroelectric phase transitions are revealed, which correspond to monoclinic MC‐ MA phase transition at higher temperature and rhombohedral‐monoclinic MC phase transition at lower temperature. It is difficult to distinguish these phases in KNN‐based bulk materials, but their differences are clear when conducting high‐resolution X‐ray reciprocal space mapping (RSM) on the present thin films. Piezoresponse force microscopy experiments also revealed an interesting finding that local piezoelectricity of monoclinic phases was higher than that of rhombohedral ones in KNN‐based thin films. This work could shed insights on the fundamental understandings for the effect of the chemical doping, and offer guidance for property optimization in the KNN‐based lead‐free piezoelectrics.
Serum 3‐carboxy‐4‐methyl‐5‐propyl‐2‐furanpropanoic acid is associated with lipid profiles and might protect against non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in Chinese individuals
Authors: Dai Jiarong , Yi Jufen , Zhang Shan , Chen Peihong , Jin Hua , Yu Xuemei , Zhang Xueli 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAims/IntroductionHigh plasma 3‐carboxy‐4‐methyl‐5‐propyl‐2‐furanpropanoic acid (CMPF) levels are significantly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, which is usually accompanied by metabolic syndrome and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with increased triglyceride levels. Thus, we hypothesized that elevated CMPF levels might be related to lipid metabolism and NAFLD risk.Materials and MethodsSerum CMPF levels were determined using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in a total of 466 individuals, including 116 controls with no NAFLD or type 2 diabetes mellitus, 53 individuals with NAFLD but no type 2 diabetes mellitus, 151 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus but no NAFLD, and 146 individuals with both NAFLD and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The associations with age, blood pressure, lipid profiles, body mass index and liver injury marker levels were examined, and a meta‐analysis of non‐diabetic and diabetic groups was carried out to detect the combined effects.ResultsThe CMPF concentration in NAFLD patients was significantly lower than individuals without NAFLD in both the non‐diabetic group (P < 0.05) and diabetic group (P < 0.01), and correlated negatively with several parameters of liver function and the adiposity index. Meta‐analysis showed that serum CMPF levels was associated with decreased risk of NAFLD after combining the results (odds ratio 0.677, 95% confidence interval 0.552–0.831, P < 0.001). Additionally, the CMPF concentration was independently negatively associated with triglycerides and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol in the meta‐analysis. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that body mass index, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride level, age, sex and fasting plasma glucose were independently associated with CMPF (all P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe results suggest that serum CMPF levels are negatively related to lipid metabolism and could be used to predict NAFLD development.
Benefits, challenges, and opportunities using home hemodialysis with a focus on Mississippi, a rural southern state
Authors: Salim Sohail Abdul , Zsom Lajos , Cheungpasitporn Wisit , Fülöp Tibor 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe prevalence of end‐stage renal disease continues to increase in the United States with commensurate need for renal replacement therapies. Hemodialysis continues to be the predominant modality, though less than 2% of these patients will receive hemodialysis in their own home. While home modalities utilizing peritoneal dialysis have been growing, home hemodialysis (HHD) remains underutilized despite studies showing regression in left ventricular mass, improved quality of life, reduced depressive symptoms, and decreased postdialysis recovery time. To increase penetration of HHD will require a proactive approach from both physicians and dialysis networks to address barriers both in the system and on the level of the patients and families. We are reviewing these issues with a focus on the state of Mississippi.
Generalized and Contingent Trust of Others Among Sexual Minority Individuals
Authors: Platt Lisa F. , Scheitle Christopher P. 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveThis study examines how perceptions of the trustworthiness of others are influenced by an individual's sexual orientation. We hypothesize that gay, lesbian, and bisexual individuals will be more likely than heterosexual individuals to express generalized distrust and what we conceptualize as contingent trust. The latter is represented by responses of “it depends.”MethodsUsing data from the 2008–2016 General Social Surveys, we conduct multinomial logistic regression analyses to examine patterns of trust in others, with a particular focus on differences across sexual orientation groups.ResultsWe find that gay or lesbian individuals are significantly more likely than heterosexual individuals to say that their trust of others “depends.” Bisexual individuals, however, do not significantly differ from heterosexual individuals.ConclusionThis study contributes to the trust literature by considering the influence of sexual orientation as well as expanding upon the idea of contingent trust. Future research could build upon this by also considering the “depends” response as a conceptually unique attitude toward trust of others.
Is chronic low back pain a risk factor for diabetes? The Nord-Trøndelag Health Study
Authors: Heuch Ingrid , Heuch Ivar , Hagen Knut , Sørgjerd Elin Pettersen , Åsvold Bjørn Olav , Zwart John-Anker 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine the risk of diabetes associated with the presence or absence of chronic low back pain, considering both cross-sectional and cohort data.Research design and methodsAnalyses were based on the Norwegian HUNT2 and HUNT3 surveys of Nord-Trøndelag County. The prevalence of diabetes was compared in groups with and without chronic low back pain among 45 157 participants aged 30–69 years. Associations between low back pain at baseline and risk of diabetes were examined in an 11-year follow-up of 30 380 individuals with no baseline diagnosis of diabetes. The comorbidity between diabetes and low back pain was assessed at the end of follow-up. All analyses were carried out considering generalized linear models incorporating adjustment for other relevant risk factors.ResultsCross-sectional analyses did not reveal any association between low back pain and diabetes. With adjustment for age, body mass index, physical activity and smoking, the cohort study of women showed a significant association between low back pain at baseline and risk of diabetes (RR 1.30; 95%  CI 1.09 to 1.54, p=0.003). The association differed between age groups (p=0.015), with a stronger association in relatively young women. In men, no association was found in the whole age range (RR 1.02; 95%  CI 0.86 to 1.21, p=0.82). No association was observed between diabetes and chronic low back pain at the end of follow-up.ConclusionAmong younger women, those with chronic low back pain may have an increased risk of diabetes.
Factors that determine aneurysm occlusion after embolization with the Woven EndoBridge (WEB)
Authors: Kabbasch Christoph , Goertz Lukas , Siebert Eberhard , Herzberg Moriz , Borggrefe Jan , Dorn Franziska , Liebig Thomas 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundThe Woven EndoBridge (WEB) device is a novel endovascular tool for the treatment of wide-necked intracranial aneurysms.ObjectiveTo evaluate factors influencing aneurysm occlusion and aneurysm recurrence after WEB embolization.MethodsA total of 113 patients (mean age 58.9±11.9 years) with 114 aneurysms (mean size 8.6±4.6 mm) were successfully treated with the WEB device at three German tertiary care centers between May 2011 and February 2018. Aneurysm occlusion was evaluated using the Raymond-Roy occlusion classification. We retrospectively collected patient characteristics, anatomical details, and procedural aspects and evaluated their impact on aneurysm occlusion and recurrence.ResultsOf 98 patients available for a 6-month angiographic follow-up, complete occlusion was achieved in 62.2%, neck remnants in 21.4%, and aneurysm remnants in 16.3%. Aneurysm recurrence occurred in 15.3%. Initial partial aneurysm thrombosis, recurrent aneurysms, aneurysm size, and simultaneous treatment by WEB and coil were associated with aneurysm remnants (p<0.05). Initial partial aneurysm thrombosis, increasing aneurysm size, and treatment by WEB and coil also predicted aneurysm recurrence (p<0.05).In the subgroup analysis of 71 aneurysms treated with WEB only, initial incomplete occlusion and male sex were associated with aneurysm remnants (p<0.05), while aneurysm height correlated with aneurysm recurrence (p=0.008).ConclusionsThe WEB provides a high rate of adequate occlusion even in a subset of complex wide-necked intracranial aneurysms. Anatomic results tend to be less favourable in large and partially thrombosed aneurysms and after treatment with WEB and coil.
Adiabatic currents for interacting fermions on a lattice
Authors: Monaco Domenico , Teufel Stefan 
Published: October 2018

We prove an adiabatic theorem for general densities of observables that are sums of local terms in finite systems of interacting fermions, without periodicity assumptions on the Hamiltonian and with error estimates that are uniform in the size of the system. Our result provides an adiabatic expansion to all orders, in particular, also for the initial data that lie in eigenspaces of degenerate eigenvalues. Our proof is based on ideas from [ 10 ], where Bachmann et al. proved an adiabatic theorem for interacting spin systems. As one important application of this adiabatic theorem, we provide the first rigorous derivation of the adiabatic response formula for the current density induced by an adiabatic change of the Hamiltonian of a system of interacting fermions in a ground state, with error estimates uniform in the system size. We also discuss the application to quantum Hall systems.
AN ECO-SYSTEMS APPROACH TO CONSTRUCTING ECONOMIC COMPLEXITY MEASURES: ENDOGENIZATION OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL DIMENSION USING LOTKA–VOLTERRA EQUATIONS
Authors: IVANOVA INGA , STRAND ØIVIND , LEYDESDORFF LOET 
Published: October 2018

Economic complexity measures have been constructed on the basis of bipartite country-product network data, but without paying attention to the technological dimension or manufacturing capabilities. In this study, we submit a Ternary Complexity Index (TCI), which explicitly incorporates technological knowledge as a third dimension, measured in terms of patents. Different from a complexity indicator based on the Triple Helix model (THCI) or a measure based on patents and countries (PatCI), TCI — products, countries, and patents — can be modeled in terms of Lotka–Volterra equations and thus the further evolution of an innovation eco-system can be specified. We test the model using empirical data. The results of a regression analysis show that TCI improves on Hidalgo and Hausmann’s [The building blocks of economic complexity, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 106 (26) (2009) 10570–10575] and Tacchella et al.’s [A new metrics for countries fitness and products complexity, Sci. Rep. 2 (2012)] complexity measures with respect to both the ranking of countries in terms of their complexity and in terms of the correlation with GDP per capita.
Format abstraction for sparse tensor algebra compilers
Authors: Chou Stephen , Kjolstad Fredrik , Amarasinghe Saman 
Published: October 2018

This paper shows how to build a sparse tensor algebra compiler that is agnostic to tensor formats (data layouts). We develop an interface that describes formats in terms of their capabilities and properties, and show how to build a modular code generator where new formats can be added as plugins. We then describe six implementations of the interface that compose to form the dense, CSR/CSF, COO, DIA, ELL, and HASH tensor formats and countless variants thereof. With these implementations at hand, our code generator can generate code to compute any tensor algebra expression on any combination of the aforementioned formats.To demonstrate our technique, we have implemented it in the taco tensor algebra compiler. Our modular code generator design makes it simple to add support for new tensor formats, and the performance of the generated code is competitive with hand-optimized implementations. Furthermore, by extending taco to support a wider range of formats specialized for different application and data characteristics, we can improve end-user application performance. For example, if input data is provided in the COO format, our technique allows computing a single matrix-vector multiplication directly with the data in COO, which is up to 3.6× faster than by first converting the data to CSR.