bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The irregular breathing effect on target volume and coverage for lung stereotactic body radiotherapy
Authors: Pan Chia‐Hsin , Shiau An‐Cheng , Li Kai‐Chiun , Hsu Shu‐Hui , Liang Ji‐An 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe major challenge in treating a mobile target is obtaining the temporal and spatial information imaging and treatment details. This phantom study quantitatively evaluates the geometric and dosimetric effects of various treatment techniques under different respiratory patterns. The regular motion model was a sinusoidal waveform with a longitudinal range of ±1.5 cm and a period of 4 sec, while irregular motion models were generated by extracting signals from clinical cases. Helical CT for a static target and 4D CT with retrospective sorting were acquired. Phase bin, maximum, and average intensity projection (MIP and AIP) CT datasets were reconstructed. RapidArc and IMRT plans were generated on static and moving target CT datasets with different motion patterns using the phase‐based gating and nongating treatment. Dose measurements were performed using EBT3 films. Dose profile and gamma analysis (±3%/1 mm criteria) were used for dose comparisons. For the irregular motions, internal target volume variations between AIP and MIP datasets (AIP/MIP) had slight differences (−6.2% to −7.7%) for gated plans, and larger differences (−12.3% to −15.2%) for nongated plans. Dosimetric measurements showed a high gamma passing rate (>98.5%) for the static plan in the target region, while the AIP and MIP gated plans had average passing rates of 92.2% ± 5.7% and 85.8% ± 9.5%, respectively. Nongated plans had significantly lower and deviated passing rates, while the AIP and MIP plans had passing rates of 43.6% ± 22.2% and 66.7% ± 28.2%, respectively (p < 0.05). Lung stereotactic body radiotherapy treatment delivered with the gated technique did not compromise the gross tumor volumes coverage, and was insensitive to the breathing irregularities and plan techniques. Adequate margins should be accounted to cover the mis‐gating effect when using the phase‐based gating under irregular motion.
Bacterium‐Mimicking Vector with Enhanced Adjuvanticity for Cancer Immunotherapy and Minimized Toxicity
Authors: Zheng Binbin , Xu Jiaojiao , Chen Gaoxian , Zhang Sihang , Xiao Zeyu , Lu Wei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBacteria are utilized as adjuvants for anticancer immunotherapy. However, immunotherapy with bacteria or their extracts is limited due to their toxicity. On the basis of the innate molecular interactions of foreign molecules from the bacterial components with the host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), a synthetic adjuvant vector morphologically mimicking the bacterium is engineered, which comprises an optimal combination of components derived from bacterial cell wall, flagellum, and nucleoid. The bacterium‐mimicking vectors (BMVs) cooperatively trigger multiple signaling pathways of PRRs and display superior antitumor therapeutic and prophylactic effects to either that of the reported synthetic or bacterium‐derived adjuvant. Significantly, BMVs improve the efficacy of photothermal ablation therapy to eradicate 50% of large established tumor in mice that completely reject tumor rechallenge. The synthetic BMVs with the detoxified and controllable composition exhibit minimized toxicity. Such a bacterium‐mimicking engineering strategy provides a rational approach to select pathogen‐associated molecular patterns, which drives the desired antitumor immune response. The engineered BMVs offer a promising alternative to the bacterial adjuvant for cancer immunotherapy.
Responsive Smart Windows from Nanoparticle–Polymer Composites
Authors: Kim Hye‐Na , Yang Shu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWindows play significant roles in commercial and residential buildings and automobiles, which direct and control light illumination, thermal insulation, natural ventilation, and aesthetics. Various approaches are attempted to make windows “smart” by tailoring their transparency and thermal insulation in response to environmental changes. Hence, there has been much effort to develop smart windows that can dynamically modulate the transmission and reflectance of the visible light and solar radiance into buildings according to weather conditions or personal preferences. Development of smart window materials is also beneficial to applications including wearable sensors, energy harvesting and storage, and medical devices. By carefully matching the refractive indices of nanoparticle (NPs) and polymer matrix, surface chemistry, and their mechanical properties, particle‐embedded polymer composites can exhibit synergistic effects with improved chemical and mechanical stability, enhanced dispersion of NPs, and optimized and stimuli‐responsive optical properties. Here, an overview of recent progresses in the development of smart windows based on electro‐, thermo‐, and mechanoactuations is provided. Additional functionalities, e.g., flexibility, stretchability, and mechanical/chemical stability, can also be achieved by careful choices of NPs and polymers.
Ionic Glass–Gated 2D Material–Based Phototransistor: MoSe2 over LaF3 as Case Study
Authors: Noumbé Ulrich Nguétchuissi , Gréboval Charlie , Livache Clément , Brule Thibault , Doudin Bernard , Ouerghi Abdelkarim , Lhuillier Emmanuel , Dayen Jean‐Francois 
Published: June 2019

AbstractModulating the carrier density of 2D materials is pivotal to tailor their electrical properties, with novel physical phenomena expected to occur at a higher doping level. Here, the use of ionic glass as a high capacitance gate is explored to develop a 2D material–based phototransistor operated with a higher carrier concentration up to 5 × 1013 cm−2, using MoSe2 over LaF3 as an archetypal system. Ion glass gating reveals to be a powerful technique combining the high carrier density of electrolyte gating methods while enabling direct optical addressability impeded with usual electrolyte technology. The phototransistor demonstrates ION/IOFF ratio exceeding five decades and photoresponse times down to 200 µs, up to two decades faster than MoSe2 phototransistors reported so far. Careful phototransport analysis reveals that ionic glass gating of 2D materials allows tuning the nature of the carrier recombination processes, while annihilating the traps' contribution in the electron injection regime. This remarkable property results in a photoresponse that can be modulated electrostatically by more than two orders of magnitude, while at the same time increasing the gain bandwidth product. This study demonstrates the potential of ionic glass gating to explore novel photoconduction processes and alternative architectures of devices.
Brønsted Acid‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Ring‐Closing Alkylation of Inert N‐substituted Pyrroles with α, β‐Unsaturated Ketones
Authors: Wei Zhao , Zhang Jinlong , Yang Huameng , Jiang Gaoxi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA Chiral Brønsted acid catalyzed asymmetric intramolecular ring‐closing alkylation of inert pyrroles with α, β‐unsaturated ketones has been developed. This approach gave a wide range of 4‐phenyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐6H‐benzo[f]pyrrolo[1,2‐a]azepin‐6‐ones in high yields with good enantioselectivities under mild reaction conditions.magnified image
Multifunctional Nanoregulator Reshapes Immune Microenvironment and Enhances Immune Memory for Tumor Immunotherapy
Authors: Yu Meng , Duan Xiaohui , Cai Yujun , Zhang Fang , Jiang Shuqi , Han Shisong , Shen Jun , Shuai Xintao 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHypoxia leads to up‐regulation of PD‐L1 and decreases T lymphocyte infiltration, thus boosting immunotherapeutic resistance of tumors. Moreover, tumor‐infiltrating myeloid cells such as myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) correlate with potent immune suppressive activity and resistance to the immune checkpoint blocking (ICB) in tumor sites. Here, a multifunctional nanoregulator incorporating MnO2 particles and small molecular IPI549 is developed, which can reshape the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) to unleash the immune system. The intravenously administered nanoregulator effectively accumulates in tumor sites to alleviate hypoxia via oxygen‐generating reduction of MnO2 and to inhibit PI3Kγ on MDSCs via IPI549 release in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which results in concurrent downregulation of PD‐L1 expression, polarization of tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) toward pro‐inflammatory M1‐like phenotype (tumor‐suppressive), enhanced infiltration of CD4+ helper T lymphocytes (Th cells), and cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes (Tc cells), and suppressed infiltration of regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg cells) for effective tumor immunotherapy. Furthermore, the local generation of Mn2+ in TME allows tumor‐specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). More excitingly, the nanoregulator‐reshaped TIME is effectively reserved due to the synergistic effect of hypoxia alleviation and MDSC PI3Kγ inhibition, leading to remarkable post‐medication inhibition of tumor re‐growth and metastasis in an animal study.
Climbing the ladder of decline: Income and acculturation associated with chronic inflammation among Mexican immigrants
Authors: Ablow Measelle Eli , McClure Heather H. , Snodgrass J. Josh , Martinez Charles R. , Jiménez Roberto , Isiordia Laura 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesFinancial hardship and immigrant status are often associated with poorer health as immigrant groups acculturate to life in the US. Known as the Latino health paradox, studies have shown that Latino/a immigrants in particular often experience declines in health the more they embrace ways of life considered “dominant” by US society. At present, critical biological pathways linking socioeconomic and acculturative processes remain to be better explained. The present study investigates associations among financial strain, acculturation, and chronic inflammation.MethodsIn our study of 129 Mexican‐born immigrants living in the US, we used Pearson's correlations and multiple regression analyses to investigate links among income‐to‐poverty ratio (an indicator of financial strain), English language engagement (acculturation), and C‐reactive protein (CRP), a measure of systemic inflammation.ResultsResults showed that for men, but not women, acculturation as defined by English language engagement moderated the association between an income‐to‐poverty ratio and CRP levels.ConclusionsConsistent with the Latino health paradox, more acculturated men with relatively higher income levels (compared with the study sample) had significantly higher levels of CRP.
Cytogenetic profile of patients with clinical spectrum of ambiguous genitalia, amenorrhea, and Turner phenotype: A 21‐year single‐center experience
Authors: Elkarhat Zouhair , Belkady Boutaina , Charoute Hicham , Zarouf Latifa , Razoki Lunda , Aboulfaraj Jamila , Nassereddine Sanaa , Elbakay Chadli , Nasser Boubker , Barakat Abdelhamid , Rouba Hassan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to determine the frequency and nature of chromosomal abnormalities involved in patients with the clinical spectrum of ambiguous genitalia (AG), amenorrhea, and Turner phenotype, in order to compare them with those reported elsewhere. The study was conducted in the Cytogenetic Department of Pasteur Institute of Morocco, and it reports on the patients who were recruited between 1996 and 2016. Cytogenetic analysis was performed according to the standard method. Among 1,415 patients, chromosomal abnormalities were identified in 7.13% (48/673) of patients with AG, 17.39% (28/161) of patients with primary amenorrhea (PA), 4% (1/25) of patients with secondary amenorrhea, and 23.20% (129/556) of patients with Turner phenotype. However, Turner syndrome was diagnosed in 0.89% (6/673) of patients with AG, 10.56% (17/161) of patients with PA, and 19.78% (110/556) of patients with Turner phenotype. In addition, Klinefelter syndrome and mixed gonadal dysgenesis were confirmed in 2.97% and 1.93% of patients, respectively, with AG, while, chimerism, trisomy 8, and trisomy 13 were confirmed only in 0.15% each. Trisomy 21 was confirmed in patients with AG and Turner phenotype (0.15% and 0.36%, respectively). Moreover, 5.60% (9/161) of patients with PA have been diagnosed as having sex reversal. Thus, the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities observed in Moroccan patients with PA is comparable to that reported in Tunisia, Turkey, Iran, and Hong Kong. However, the frequency is significantly less than that identified in India, Malaysia, Italy, and Romania.
Expanding the phenotypic spectrum associated with DPF2: A new case report
Authors: Knapp Karen M , Poke Gemma , Jenkins Danielle , Truter Werner , Bicknell Louise S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCoffin–Siris syndrome (CSS) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous developmental disorder, linked to disruption of the BAF chromatin‐remodeling complex. Recently, de novo missense and truncating variants have been reported in DPF2 in patients sharing some of the common features of CSS. Here we report a further individual harboring a novel de novo missense DPF2 variant, c.1066T>G, p.Cys356Gly. Structural modeling indicated that the predicted amino acid substitution affects a core residue required for zinc ion coordination and would likely alter the PHD2 domain structure of DPF2. The clinical presentation of Pierre Robin sequence and diaphragmatic hernia did not immediately suggest CSS, with the more common CSS features of hypoplastic toenails and characteristic facial features very subtle. This individual further broadens the phenotypic features of DPF2‐related CSS, as well as CSS more generally.
Expanding the phenotype of intellectual disability caused by HIVEP2 variants
Authors: Goldsmith Heidi , Wells Anna , Sá Maria J. N. , Williams Mark , Heussler Helen , Buckman Melissa , Pfundt Rolph , de Vries Bert B. A. , Goel Himanshu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDe novo pathogenic variants in the human immunodeficiency virus enhancer type I binding protein 2 (HIVEP2) gene, a large transcription factor predominantly expressed in the brain have previously been associated with intellectual disability (ID) and dysmorphic features in nine patients. We describe the phenotype and genotype of two additional patients with novel de novo pathogenic HIVEP2 variants, who have previously unreported features, including hyperphagia and Angelman‐like features. Exome sequencing was utilized in the investigation of the patients who had previously incurred a rigorous genetic workup for their neurodevelopmental delay, and in whom no genetic cause had been detected. Information pertaining to phenotype and genotype for new patients was collated along with data from previous reports, showing that the phenotypic spectrum of patients with HIVEP2 variants is broader than first noted. Additional characteristics are: an increased body mass index; and features of Angelman‐like syndromes including: ID, limited speech, post‐natal microcephaly, and hypotonia. Dysmorphic features vary between patients. As yet, no clear association between the type of gene aberration and phenotype can be concluded. HIVEP2‐related ID needs to be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with Angelman‐like phenotypes and hyperphagia, and whole‐exome sequencing should be considered in the genetic diagnostic armamentarium for patients with ID of inconclusive etiology.
The Role of Oil Phase in the Stability and Physicochemical Properties of Oil‐in‐Water Emulsions in the Presence of Gum Tragacanth
Authors: Abdolmaleki Khadije , Mohammadifar Mohammad Amin , Sheikhi Zhian , Matinfar Golshan , Nayebzadeh Kooshan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDifferent emulsions based on six types of vegetable oils (sunflower, canola, sesame, olive, coconut, and palm olein) were studied to investigate the role of the oil phase in the stability and physicochemical characteristics of oil‐in‐water emulsions prepared with gum tragacanth. The results indicated that the stability, rheological parameters, and size distribution of emulsions were dependent on the oil type. Based on the interfacial tension value, the type of oil did not have a significant effect on the gum tragacanth‐emulsifying properties. The formulation based on sunflower and coconut oil led to producing more stable emulsion and a sample containing palm olein resulted in an unstable emulsion. Rheological analysis revealed that the sample based on palm olein showed the lowest consistency coefficient (2.10 ± 0.05 Pas
n), elastic modulus (3.90 ± 0.21 Pa), and energy of cohesion (80.87 ± 1.1 J m−3). This study revealed that using oils with lower viscosity and higher density led to the higher stability of the emulsion samples.
Synthesis of homo/3‐ and 4‐armed hydrophilic glycopolymers: To promote aniline to polyaniline‐glycopolymers for fluorescence, electro active material, and electrostatic discharge applications
Authors: Karri Sangam Naidu , Rao Nakka Naga Malleswara , Sesha Sainath Annadanam V. , Palaniappan Srinivasan 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTPreparation of electrically conducting polymer film with homogeneity is very important work for electrical and electronic applications. In order to make homogenous conductive polyaniline film, we selected water soluble glycopolymer (GP), as dopant for polyaniline. Pendant carbohydrates water soluble glycopolymer architectures, such as, homo, 3 and 4 multi‐armed polymers were prepared from methacryl‐2,3,4,6‐tetra‐O‐acetyl‐D‐glucopyranoside (MTAGP) monomer and EBrIB and 3‐ and 4‐aremed initiators via ATRP polymerization followed by deacetylation process. This water soluble glycopolymer was used as dopant for polyaniline salt via the chemical oxidative emulsion polymerization of aniline using glycopolymer and surfactant by ammonium persulfate oxidant. Sulfate and dodecylhydrogen sulfate (DHS) groups are doped on polyaniline system via protonating H+, whereas, glycopolymer involves on polyaniline through hydrogen bonding (PANI‐DHS‐SA‐GP). Coated film of PANI‐DHS‐SA‐GP salt showed resistance in ESD range. PANI‐DHS‐SA‐GP showed fluorescence and Hydrophilicity. Electrochemical performance of PANI‐DHS‐SA‐GP as electrode material in supercapacitor cell was found from charge–discharge measurement. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48043.
The Efficacy, Tolerability, and Joint Safety of Fasinumab in Osteoarthritis Pain: A Phase IIb/III Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Dakin Paula , DiMartino Stephen J. , Gao Haitao , Maloney Jennifer , Kivitz Alan J. , Schnitzer Thomas J. , Stahl Neil , Yancopoulos George D. , Geba Gregory P. 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveTo prospectively assess the efficacy, general safety, and joint safety of fasinumab, an anti–nerve growth factor monoclonal antibody, in osteoarthritis (OA) hip and/or knee pain.MethodsPatients with moderate‐to‐severe OA pain (knee or hip) and history of inadequate response or intolerance to analgesics were randomized to receive fasinumab (at 1 mg, 3 mg, 6 mg, or 9 mg) or placebo every 4 weeks over 16 weeks and were followed up to week 36. Efficacy end points were the change from baseline to week 16 in the pain and physical function subscale scores of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities OA Index (WOMAC), and patient global assessment (PGA) of OA. Joints were monitored at scheduled assessments (by plain film radiography and magnetic resonance imaging) during treatment and follow‐up, and if prompted, at the time of active joint symptoms.ResultsOf the 421 patients randomized, 342 completed the 36‐week study. All doses of fasinumab yielded statistically significant and clinically important reductions in pain compared to placebo (least squares mean difference in WOMAC pain subscale scores at week 16 ranging −0.78 to −1.40), without any clear dose dependence. Physical function and PGA scores improved in parallel. Treatment‐emergent adverse event rates were 17% with fasinumab and 10% with placebo, and 4% and 1% of patients, respectively, discontinued treatment. Arthropathies (25 in total, 7% of fasinumab‐treated patients and 1% of placebo‐treated patients) occurred in a dose‐dependent manner, with 2 occurring in patients receiving the lowest dose of fasinumab and 10 in patients receiving the highest dose. Most of the arthropathies (16 of 25) were discovered with scheduled radiographs and not based on symptoms. Destructive arthropathy (in 1 of 337 treated patients) occurred in 1 patient who was receiving 6 mg fasimumab.ConclusionFasinumab provided improvements in OA pain and function, even in those benefitting little from previous analgesics. The observed benefit‐to‐risk relationship favors further clinical development to explore the lowest doses of fasinumab in patients with knee or hip OA.
Control‐oriented modeling and robust nonlinear triple‐step controller design for an air‐feed system for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
Authors: Hu Yunfeng , Chen Huan , Gong Xun , Yu Shuyou , Gao Jinwu , Chen Hong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe efficient operation of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) significantly relies on the reliable control of air‐feed system. The core control objective in air‐feed system is to track a pre‐defined reference of the oxygen excess ratio to avoid oxygen starvation and stack damage. In this paper, we focus on the modeling of the air‐feed system in a PEMFC and the robust nonlinear controller design for the oxygen excess ratio tracking control. To facilitate the subsequent nonlinear controller design, a specific affine‐like, second‐order, control‐oriented model of oxygen excess ratio dynamic behavior is developed, and the modeling uncertainty is estimated and compensated by using an extended state observer (ESO). The control‐oriented model is verified via a high‐fidelity plant model. A nonlinear controller for oxygen excess ratio tracking control is proposed based on the triple‐step technique which is robust against the system disturbances. The tuning rule of the controller parameters is discussed in the scheme of the linear system. Finally, simulations are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed controller under variant operating conditions compared with baseline controllers.