bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outward direct investment as a shelter from external trade policy shocks: Firm‐level investigation of the US–China trade war
Authors: Ding Haoyuan , Fan Haichao , Guo Guangyuan , Liang Guoyong , Qi Tong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study examines the effects of external trade policy shock from the US–China trade war on firm value. Using a merged data set of Chinese‐listed companies, our empirical results reveal that Chinese firms conducting outward direct investment in the US have significantly higher stock returns around the date of the outbreak of the trade war as compared with the lower returns of exporting firms. This indicates a sheltering effect of pre‐existing outward direct investment activities. Moreover, we find that the sheltering effect is more pronounced for production‐oriented projects, high tech industries and tariff‐targeted sectors, while it is weaker for state‐owned companies.
The Role of Nationality in Childhood Caries in Qatar
Authors: Spencer Andrew John , AlKhtib Asmaa Othman , Al Darwish Mohamed Sultan , Mohame Hasaan Gassim Saad , Mathew Tintu , Al Mannai Ghanim Ali , Al Thani Mohammed , Abdulmalik Mariam , de Vries Johann , Do Loc Giang , Chrisopoulos Sergio 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTChildhood primary dentition caries prevalence and experience is higher among Qatari than non‐Qatari nationality children in Qatar but only this bivariate association has been described.ObjectivesThere were two objectives. First, to understand the variation of primary dentition caries among 4‐ to 8‐year‐old children in Qatar across nationality classified into four groups, and second, to explore whether the association persisted in the presence of socio‐demographic and behavioural indicators.MethodsThe study used data from the Qatar Child Oral Health Survey 2017 (QCOHS 2017). Detailed information was collected through a parental dual‐language questionnaire and an oral epidemiological examination conducted by calibrated dentist examiners. Children in 20 kindergartens and 40 schools across Qatar were recruited. Data were weighted to represent the Qatar child population.ResultsOverall, 1154 children aged 4–8 years old (48.9% female, 51.1% male) participated. Qatari children made up 26.3%, Non‐Qatari (N‐Q) Arabic children 44.2% N‐Q Indian sub‐continent 16.4% and N‐Q Other 13.1%. There were no significant differences by nationality for age or sex, but differences existed for kindergarten/school type and parents' highest level of education. Among behavioural indicators, Qatari and N‐Q Arabic children began toothbrushing later, and more N‐Q Other children brushed 2+ times a day and had made a check‐up visit in the last 12 months. More Qatari children were in the highest tertial for sugar intake and drank bottled water with no fluoride. All N‐Q children had a significantly lower prevalence and experience of caries. The means ratio (95% CI) for N‐Q Arabic (0.78; 0.65–0.94), Indian (0.58; 0.46–0.72) and other children (0.61; 0.42–0.88) were all significant against Qatari nationality children. Multivariable models showed an attenuation of the association with caries with the means ratio for N‐Q Arabic (0.92; 0.73–1.16), Indian (0.79; 0.57–1.11) and other children (0.94; 0.61–1.44) being non‐significant compared to Qatari nationality children. The variables which were significantly associated with caries were parental education, toothbrushing frequency, sugar intake and check‐up visiting in the last 12 months in the multivariable models.ConclusionsPrimary dentition caries in children resident in Qatar differed by nationality. The association of primary dentition caries with nationality was markedly attenuated and non‐significant in the presence of socio‐demographic and behavioural variables, pointing towards the importance of these variables as the pathways to improving primary dentition caries prevalence and experience of children in Qatar.
Navigating Disparities in Dental Health—A Transit‐Based Investigation of Access to Dental Care in Virginia
Authors: Kim Junghwan , Karki Shashank , Brickhouse Tegwyn , Vujicic Marko , Nasseh Kamyar , Wang Changzhen , Zhang Mengxi 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo identify vulnerable areas and populations with limited access to dental care in Virginia, the study aimed (1) to calculate travel time and accessibility scores to dental care in Virginia using a transit‐based accessibility model for all dental clinics and dental clinics participating in the Medicaid dental program and (2) to estimate factors associated with accessibility to dental clinics participating in the Medicaid dental program in Virginia.MethodsThe study used building footprints as origins of transit trips to dental care services (or destinations). The study then computed transit‐based origin–destination travel time matrices based on the detailed trip information, including in‐vehicle and out‐of‐vehicle travel time. Accessibility scores were calculated by counting the number of dental clinics that can be reached within 60 min. Regression analysis was used to measure factors associated with accessibility scores to dental clinics participating in Medicaid.ResultsResidents in smaller regions spent longer travel time to dental clinics by public transit compared with those who resided in larger regions. Medicaid participants also faced longer travel time compared with the general population. Residents spent more than three‐fourths of the time waiting for public transit and walking to clinics regardless of where they live and what type of insurance they have. Associations between sociodemographic factors and accessibility scores to dental clinics participating in the Medicaid dental program varied across regions.ConclusionsDisparities in dental care accessibility exist depending on the size of regions and Medicaid participation in Virginia. The disparities in transit‐based access to dental clinics and a disproportionate amount of time spent waiting for public transit and walking to dental clinics could be improved through tailored interventions taking into account the sociodemographic and geographic characteristics of each region.
Exploring Belief Systems in Kinship Fostering Practice in Igbo Indigenous Communities of Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Nnama‐Okechukwu Chinwe U. , Okoye Uzoma O. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTKinship fostering in Igbo indigenous communities is an enduring alternative child care practice that promotes collective responsibility for child care in a family environment. The practice is believed to be fundamental for family and community continuity. Weakening extended family ties and a lack of social work support services in this care arrangement have cast doubt on the continual viability of this alternative child care practice This is an exploratory study using grounded theory. In‐depth interviews with six community leaders and six senior public social welfare officers provided insight on belief systems promoting kinship fostering in Igbo indigenous communities. Findings were thematically analysed to show continuity of lineage, preservation of family name and challenges associated with kinship fostering. Belief systems on kinship fostering provides insights on how children are viewed in Igbo culture, which can help policymakers design intervention programme that are culturally relevant in child‐care formation in Nigeria given challenges in kinship fostering. The study promotes indigenous knowledge that is vital for social work education and practice in Nigeria. Further study suggests exploring the belief of foster children and their experiences in kinship fostering.
Clinical Benefits of new Systemic Therapy for Small‐Cell Lung Cancer Over Two Decades: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Chen Yuejing , Liu Honghong , Bai Shaohua , Han Xuejiao , Jin Fei , Cui Bo 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionSmall cell lung cancer (SCLC) is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide. This study aimed to examine the clinical benefits of new systemic therapies derived from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from 2002 to 2023 based on the magnitude of clinical benefit scale developed by the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO‐MCBS).MethodsWe searched PubMed for Phase 3 RCTs on systemic therapy for SCLC published between January 2002 and December 2023. Therapeutic benefit was graded from 5 to 1 according to the ESMO‐MCBS framework, with a score of 4 or 5 representing a meaningful clinical benefit. The statistical power of the trial design was also assessed using ESMO‐MCBS.ResultsSixty‐four RCTs with 23 683 participants were eligible for inclusion. The number of RCTs related to molecular targeted therapy or immunotherapy has increased over the years. Among the 62 RCTs for which statistical power could be evaluated, 38 (61.3%) were designed to identify an effect size that would meet the ESMO‐MCBS benefit threshold and were less likely to investigate second‐ or subsequent‐line treatment (15.8% vs. 50.0%, p = 0.004), have noninferiority design (0% vs. 25.0%, p = 0.002) and set PFS (0% vs. 16.7%) or response rate (0% vs. 16.7%) as the only primary endpoint (p = 0.002). The ESMO‐MCBS framework was applied in 29 RCTs reporting positive results, and only 8 (27.6%) met the threshold for a clinical benefit. The RCTs designed to detect differences that would meet the thresholds were more likely to demonstrate meaningful clinical benefit (87.5% vs. 50.0%, p = 0.099).ConclusionMost positive SCLC‐RCTs did not meet the ESMO‐MCBS threshold for meaningful clinical benefits. Strict power calculations should be adopted in the design of future RCTs.
Survey of Post‐Prophylaxis Delayed‐Onset Cytomegalovirus Management Strategies Among Transplant Providers
Authors: Non Lemuel R. , Tan Chen Sabrina , Ince Dilek , Razonable Raymund R. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPreventive strategies for cytomegalovirus (CMV) in the posttransplant period have changed the pattern of CMV infections, now more commonly manifesting as late‐onset occurrences known as post‐prophylaxis delayed‐onset CMV disease (PPDOC). We conducted a survey to investigate provider practices in managing PPDOC.MethodsA web‐based provider survey on the management of PPDOC was developed using Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap). It was distributed to the online forums of the American Society of Transplantation communities of practice (COP) for Infectious Diseases (IDCOP), Kidney and Pancreas (KPCOP), Liver and Intestinal (LICOP), and Thoracic and Critical Care (TCCOP). The survey was posted twice within a span of a month.ResultsFifty‐six respondents, comprising 50 (89%) transplant physicians and 6 (11%) transplant pharmacists, from 46 distinct transplant centers, completed the survey. Universal antiviral prophylaxis (UAP) was the predominant preventive approach for both high‐risk (85%) and moderate‐risk (85%) transplant recipients. Out of 56, 51 respondents completed the questions regarding management of PPDOC. Regular surveillance with nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) (88%) was the most commonly used approach in high‐risk recipients, while symptom monitoring (73%) was the most common strategy in moderate‐risk recipients. Immunologic monitoring was used only by a few respondents who found it moderately useful in high‐risk recipients.ConclusionManagement of PPDOC was highly variable among providers and strategies differed based on patient risk profile. These findings could help shape future studies and guidelines to harmonize CMV management.
Serum creatine kinase elevation following tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment in cancer patients: Symptoms, mechanism, and clinical management
Authors: Zhang Hang , To Kenneth K. W. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMolecular targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have produced unprecedented treatment response in cancer therapy for patients harboring specific oncogenic mutations. While the TKIs are mostly well tolerated, they were reported to increase serum levels of creatine kinase (CK) and cause muscle metabolism‐related toxicity. CK is an essential enzyme involved in cellular energy metabolism and muscle function. Elevated serum CK levels can arise from both physiological and pathological factors, as well as triggered by specific drug classes. The incidence of serum CK elevation induced by a few approved TKIs (brigatinib, binimetinib, cobimetinib‐vemurafenib combination [Food and Drug Administration, United States]; aumolertinib, and sunvozertinib [only approved by National Medical Products Administration, China]) were over 35%. CK elevation‐related symptoms include myopathy, myositis, inclusion body myositis (IBM), cardiotoxicity, rhabdomyolysis, rash, and acneiform dermatitis. High‐level or severe symptomatic CK elevation may necessitate dose reduction and indirectly dampen TKI efficacy. This review presents an updated summary about the prevalence rate and recent research about mechanisms leading to TKI‐induced serum CK elevation in cancer patients. The utility of monitoring serum CK levels for predicting TKI‐induced adverse effects and their management will also be discussed.
Sudan's catastrophe: the role of changing dynamics of food and power in the Gezira agricultural scheme
Authors: Elkreem Tamer Abd , Jaspars Susanne 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article explores the role of historical, political, and economic processes in understanding war and famine in Sudan after 2023. The focus is on Al‐Gezira, the site of Sudan's largest agricultural scheme. Using ethnography, interviews, and document reviews, the study analyses the Gezira irrigation project in three phases. First, the 1980s and 1990s, when patronage politics dominated its management. Second, the neoliberal strategies of the Gezira Scheme Act of 2005, which enabled Islamist profiteering while increasing vulnerability among farmers and labourers and tensions between them. Third, post 2018, when political movements used evidence of the scheme's deterioration to call for revolution, but once achieved, previous tensions grew and have been manipulated during the war. Sudan provides an example of how decades of war and neoliberal economic strategies have led to a deeply‐rooted, violent, and extractive political economy. This has been to the benefit of business and elites, leaving many to a life of precarity, exploitation, and hunger.
Acceptability and psychometric properties of four scales assessing the impact of Type 2 diabetes on quality of life—Results of ‘YourSAY: Quality of Life’
Authors: Holmes‐Truscott Elizabeth , Broadley Melanie M. , Søholm Uffe , Cooke Debbie D. , Hendrieckx Christel , Coates Elizabeth J. , Heller Simon R. , Speight Jane 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimsTo assess and compare the psychometric properties and acceptability of four diabetes‐specific quality of life (QoL) scales among adults with Type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodsAdults (≥18 years) with T2D living in the United Kingdom (n = 1465) or Australia (n = 248) completed a cross‐sectional, online survey including the following: ADDQoL, DCP, DIDP and Diabetes QoL‐Q (presented in randomised order), followed by rating scales to assess clarity, relevance, ease of completion, length and comprehensiveness of each scale. Demographic, clinical and psychosocial characteristics were collected. Acceptability (scale completeness and user ratings), response patterns, structure (exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses) and validity (convergent, confirmatory, divergent and known‐groups) were examined. Data were analysed by country to assess cross‐country reproducibility.ResultsHigh completion rates (≥89%) and positive user ratings were observed across scales indicating broad acceptability. The DIDP was the strongest performing scale: highest completion rate (97%), user ratings (≥84% positive) and most satisfactory psychometric properties (highest variance explained, consistent factor loadings >0.5 on all items and most permissible model fit parameters). Scale‐level floor effects may suggest domain omissions for the brief DIDP.ConclusionsThe current study provides novel insights into the acceptability, validity and reliability of diabetes‐specific QoL measures for adults with T2D. Consistent with the published Type 1 diabetes cohort findings, the DIDP is recommended as a brief, acceptable and psychometrically sound measure. However, selection needs to be considered in the context of the specific research or clinical aims and further evidence (e.g. responsiveness) may be required before it can be recommended for use in trials or prospective studies.
Leveraging Dissent: A Policy Narrative's Power to Sow Distrust
Authors: Lo Jane C. , moore candace 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe rise of political polarization and disagreement within the United States and other democracies indicates an erosion of the social contract, a deterioration exacerbated by the balkanization of social media, that can negatively impact our social relationships. Recent anti–Critical Race Theory (CRT) narratives in education provide insights into how policy narratives can be used to sow distrust in an educational context. In this paper Jane Lo and candace moore argue for the ways policy narratives can sow distrust as opposed to mistrust. Mistrust points to an ongoing process of determining trustworthiness, while distrust connotes a more decisive and deliberate lack of trust in a person or institution. Lo and moore argue that educational research should pay more attention to the building of trust or mistrust in schools in the current context, where the anti‐CRT policy narrative, through amplifying and manipulating existing anxieties and fears in order to motivate political action, capitalizes on and seeks to reinforce the natural mistrust of schooling.
Nutrition Education and Practice in University Dental and Oral Health Programmes and Curricula: A Scoping Review
Authors: Kataoka Minako , Adam Lee Ann , Ball Lauren Elizabeth , Crowley Jennifer , McLean Rachael Mira 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionDentists and oral health practitioners have a potential role in supporting the prevention and management of noncommunicable diseases. However, the extent to which university education prepares practitioners to provide nutrition care is unclear. This scoping review identifies and synthesises the evidence related to university‐level nutrition education provided to dental and oral health students globally.MethodsA scoping review identified relevant literature through search terms “dentistry,” “oral health,” or “oral hygiene”; “dental students” or “dental education”; “nutrition education” or “nutrition science.” Articles were included that examined nutrition education in undergraduate oral health training; or nutrition knowledge, attitudes, confidence, or skills or dietary habits; experts' opinion papers; and position statements. No limitations on the publication years or languages of the articles were applied.ResultsA total of 136 articles were included. Half were surveys of students (n = 49) or academic staff (n = 21). The remainder comprised reports of curriculum initiatives (n = 26), opinion papers or narrative reviews (n = 24), position statements (n = 6), curriculum development (n = 6) and curriculum guidelines (n = 9). While dental and oral health students and curriculum experts overwhelmingly recognised the importance of nutrition, most studies that assessed nutrition knowledge of students revealed limited knowledge. Students were not confident in their skills to provide nutrition care. Lack of nutrition experts on teaching teams and unclear expectations about developing nutrition competencies were identified as barriers to greater nutrition education.ConclusionNutrition education in university dental and oral health degrees is highly variable. The potential for oral health professionals of the future to promote oral health through nutrition is unrealised.
Defining Climate Finance Justice: Critical Geographies of Justice Amid Financialized Climate Action
Authors: Gifford Lauren , Sauls Laura Aileen 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTGiven the exponential growth in financial investments to support climate change mitigation and adaptation, particularly shaped as capital flows from the Global North to the Global South, an incredible amount of research has come out in recent years interrogating various modes of climate finance. This article provides an overview of “climate finance justice,” an emerging subfield of scholarship that asks “What kinds of justice and injustice do we see in climate finance? How does climate justice influence flows and constructions of capital? And how can finance be more just?” As climate finance is often framed as a response to calls for climate justice, climate finance justice offers a space in which to rigorously and comprehensively analyze the outcomes of these flows of capital, finance and power. Yet the field is still new, and would benefit from further inclusion of a broader array of fields and influences, including postcolonial, poststructural, feminist, indigenous, urban, post‐political and other critical perspectives to inform scholarship, and challenge dominant conceptualizations of justice and equity. This article highlights the field of climate finance justice and explores the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and voluntary carbon markets (VCMs) as a means of understanding its applied implications. It situates the evolution of the subfield within the broader literature on neoliberal natures, political ecology, and the critical geographies of the carbon economy.
The Masculine Figure of a University Rector in the Narratives of Polish Female Academic Leaders
Authors: Antonowicz Dominik , Pokorska Anna 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThere is a growing interest in the underlying mechanisms affecting female leaders in higher education. And this paper examines the problem by focusing specifically on Polish public universities which historically stands out by particularly low number of female university rectors. The core of the study is based on 15 in‐depth expert interviews with female university rectors and vice‐rectors. The paper argues that the large deficit of female rectors has been influenced by the traditional masculine figure of a university rector deeply embedded in the Polish academic culture. We demonstrate evidence that the masculine figure of a rector still strongly affects the perception of who is destined to perform the role.