bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MYB rearrangement and immunohistochemical expression in adenomyoepithelioma of the breast: a comparison with adenoid cystic carcinoma
Authors: Baraban Ezra , Zhang Paul J , Jaffer Shabnam , Lubin Daniel , Feldman Michael , Bleiweiss Ira J , Nayak Anupma 
Published: July 2018

AimsAdenomyoepithelioma (AME) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the breast have been noted to occur simultaneously, raising the possibility that AME may represent a related or precursor lesion to ACC. ACC frequently harbours genetic rearrangement of the MYB gene. We sought to clarify the relationship between AME and ACC by comparing their rates of MYB expression by IHC and MYB rearrangement by FISH.Methods and resultsIHC and FISH for MYB rearrangement were performed on paraffin‐embedded sections of 11 breast ACCs, 11 non‐breast ACCs and 11 breast‐AMEs. Using FISH, five of eight (63%) interpretable breast ACCs demonstrated MYB gene rearrangement. Nine of 11 (81%) breast ACCs demonstrated MYB expression (range = 20–95%). Of the three FISH‐negative breast ACCs, two were solid variant and demonstrated strong MYB expression by IHC. Of the 10 interpretable non‐breast ACCs, six showed MYB rearrangement, all of which were conventional type. Nine of these 11 (81%) cases showed MYB immunoexpression (range = 10–90%), including three solid‐variant cases which were negative by FISH. No MYB rearrangements were detected by FISH in 10 interpretable AMEs. However, three of 11 cases (27%) showed weak to moderate MYB expression by IHC (range = 10–40%).ConclusionsOur results indicate that AMEs do not harbour MYB gene rearrangement. IHC for MYB may be helpful in diagnosing FISH‐negative cases of ACC, particularly the diagnostically more difficult solid variants. However, weak to moderate MYB expression in a subset of AMEs highlights not only a potential diagnostic pitfall, but also shared pathophysiology with ACC worth investigating further at the genomic level.
Concordance of PD‐L1 expression in matched urothelial bladder cancer specimens
Authors: de Jong Joep J , Stoop Hans , Nieboer Daan , Boormans Joost L , van Leenders Geert J L H 
Published: July 2018

AimsProgrammed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression has predictive value for response to immune‐checkpoint inhibitor treatment in urothelial cancer patients. The consistency of PD‐L1 expression among different specimen types, however, is unknown. The aim of this study is to compare PD‐L1 expression in matched transurethral resections of the bladder (TURB), cystectomy specimens and lymph node metastases of urothelial cancer patients.Methods and resultsWe performed PD‐L1 (SP142) immunohistochemistry on whole tissue slides of 115 urothelial carcinoma patients who had undergone TURB, followed by radical cystectomy and/or pelvic lymph node dissection. The PD‐L1 assay was positive if PD‐L1 expression in immune cells occupied ≥5% of the tumour area. PD‐L1 was positive in 15 of 97 (15.5%) TURB, 17 of 98 (17.3%) cystectomies and nine of 49 (18.4%) lymph node metastases. Agreement of PD‐L1 assay outcome between cystectomy and TURB (kappa = 0.34; P = 0.002) and cystectomy and lymph node metastasis (kappa = 0.35; P = 0.034) was fair; there was no agreement between TURB and lymph node metastasis (kappa = 0.045; P = 0.82). Discordance of PD‐L1 outcome in matched TURB and cystectomy specimens occurred more frequently after neoadjuvant therapy (53.3% versus 25.4%; P = 0.03), and was not associated with other clinicopathological parameters.ConclusionsUrothelial bladder cancer patients showed fair agreement of PD‐L1 assay outcome in cystectomies and matched TURB or lymph node specimens. PD‐L1 expression was discordant more often after neoadjuvant therapy. Therefore, immune‐checkpoint inhibitor studies should take into account specimen type and neoadjuvant therapy in assessing the predictive value of PD‐L1 expression.
Comparison of 48‐week efficacies of elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide and nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor‐sparing regimens: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Gallien S , Massetti M , Flandre P , Leleu H , Descamps D , Lazaro E 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesTo compare nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)‐sparing regimens with tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)‐based combinations in HIV‐1‐infected adults, we performed a network meta‐analysis (NMA) to provide estimates of relative efficacy for these two regimens.MethodsA systematic literature review (SLR) was performed to identify phase 3/4 randomized controlled clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of commonly used combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) including an NRTI backbone or that of commonly used NRTI‐sparing regimens. A Bayesian random‐effect model was used to compare virological suppression rates at 48 weeks for NRTI‐sparing regimens and elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/TAF (E/C/F/TAF).ResultsTwenty‐three studies in treatment‐naïve patients identified by the SLR were included in the NMA, including four studies assessing NRTI‐sparing regimens. In treatment‐naïve patients, the probability of achieving virological suppression at 48 weeks was between 40% and 60% higher with E/C/F/TAF than with NRTI‐sparing strategies. The credible interval vs. darunavir/ritonavir (DVR/r) + raltegravir (RAL) and LPV/r monotherapy did not include 1. In the subgroup of naïve patients with viral load < 100 000 HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL, a credible difference was found between NRTI‐sparing treatments and E/C/F/TAF. Studies in treatment‐experienced patients were too heterogeneous to allow for an NMA.ConclusionsThe NMA results suggest that E/C/F/TAF represents a more effective option than NRTI‐sparing regimens in terms of 48‐week efficacy in treatment‐naïve patients. Furthermore, TAF pharmacological properties, as well as tolerability results in clinical studies, suggest a safety profile similar to that of NRTI‐sparing regimens. Thus, the E/C/F/TAF combination might represent a more appropriate option than NRTI‐sparing regimens for initiation of antiretroviral therapy in treatment‐naïve HIV‐infected patients.
Innovation in ceramic foam filters manufacturing process
Authors: Salvini Vânia R. , Luchini Bruno , Aneziris Christos G. , Pandolfelli Victor C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCeramic filters have singular properties such as high permeability and specific surface area associated to low density. Some examples of their use can be found in liquid metal deep filtration, water treatment, air purification, and others. These particular properties are dependent on the filters' manufacturing process. One of the most used techniques to produce filters is the replication method, which provides a tridimensional network of struts and interconnected pores. However, a common issue of all ceramic filters produced by this technique is their low mechanical strength due to the hollow struts and microcracking generated during the thermal decomposition of the sponge. Intending to address this limitation and produce filters with higher mechanical strength, this paper analyzed a modified process route for manufacturing filters. Samples of preheated Al2O3 filters were vacuum infiltrated with ceramic suspensions (Al2O3 and SiO2) of different solids concentrations (15‐40 wt%), particle size distribution (nano to micrometric size) at distinct processing times (1‐5 minutes). The data analysis indicated that the best balance among mechanical strength, mass, and strut thickness was achieved by infiltration with SiO2 colloidal suspension (40 wt%) per 1 minute. SEM analysis confirmed that the struts were filled and microcracks were sealed with colloidal particles.
Electrodiffusion of alkali ions in alkali niobophosphate glasses and glass‐forming melts
Authors: Markov Viktor A. , Sokolov Ivan A. , Kurushkin Mikhail V. , Povolotskiy Alexey V. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractElectrical conductivity of Li(Na,K)2O‐Nb2O5‐P2O5 glasses and glass‐forming melts has been measured in a wide temperature range (298‐1173 K). Logarithm of the preexponential factor and activation energy of migration have been determined. Mixed alkali effect has been observed in niobophosphate glass‐forming melts. Diffusion coefficients for Li+, Na+, and K+ ions have been calculated. The influence of the type of alkali ion and Nb2O5 content on the diffusion coefficients has been determined.
Wealth Effects of Seasoned Equity Offerings: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Veld Chris , Verwijmeren Patrick , Zabolotnyuk Yuriy 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe use meta‐analysis to review studies on announcement effects associated with seasoned equity offerings. Our sample includes 199 studies from 38 leading finance journals and Social Sciences Research Network working papers. The studies cover different countries, but the US is particularly well‐represented with 131 studies. We find a statistically significant mean cumulative abnormal return of −0.98%. Abnormal returns are more negative for equity issues by US companies and for non‐US rights issues and are less negative for private placements. In addition, wealth effects are more negative when the proceeds are used for debt reduction, when the SEO is issued shortly after IPO, and for issues by nondividend‐paying companies and industrial companies. We identify important avenues for future research.
Crystallization behavior of iron‐ and boron‐containing nepheline (Na2O·Al2O3·2SiO2) based model high‐level nuclear waste glasses
Authors: Deshkar Ambar , Ahmadzadeh Mostafa , Scrimshire Alex , Han Edmund , Bingham Paul A. , Guillen Donna , McCloy John , Goel Ashutosh 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis study focuses on understanding the relationship between iron redox, composition, and heat‐treatment atmosphere in nepheline‐based model high‐level nuclear waste glasses. Glasses in the Na2O–Al2O3–B2O3–Fe2O3–SiO2 system with varying Al2O3/Fe2O3 and Na2O/Fe2O3 ratios have been synthesized by melt‐quench technique and studied for their crystallization behavior in different heating atmospheres—air, inert (N2), and reducing (96%N2–4%H2). The compositional dependence of iron redox chemistry in glasses and the impact of heating environment and crystallization on iron coordination in glass‐ceramics have been investigated by Mössbauer spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry. While iron coordination in glasses and glass‐ceramics changed as a function of glass chemistry, the heating atmosphere during crystallization exhibited minimal effect on iron redox. The change in heating atmosphere did not affect the phase assemblage but did affect the microstructural evolution. While glass‐ceramics produced as a result of heat treatment in air and N2 atmospheres developed a golden/brown colored iron‐rich layer on their surface, those produced in a reducing atmosphere did not exhibit any such phenomenon. Furthermore, while this iron‐rich layer was observed in glass‐ceramics with varying Al2O3/Fe2O3 ratio, it was absent from glass‐ceramics with varying Na2O/Fe2O3 ratio. An explanation of these results has been provided on the basis of kinetics of diffusion of oxygen and network modifiers in the glasses under different thermodynamic conditions. The plausible implications of the formation of iron‐rich layer on the surface of glass‐ceramics on the chemical durability of high‐level nuclear waste glasses have been discussed.
Dense freeze‐cast Li7La3Zr2O12 solid electrolytes with oriented open porosity and contiguous ceramic scaffold
Authors: Buannic Lucienne , Naviroj Maninpat , Miller Sarah M. , Zagorski Jakub , Faber Katherine T. , Llordés Anna 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFreeze casting is used for the first time to prepare solid electrolyte scaffolds with oriented porosity and dense ceramic walls made of Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO), one of the most promising candidates for solid‐state battery electrolytes. Processing parameters—such as solvent solidification rate, solvent type, and ceramic particle size—are investigated, focusing on their influence on porosity and ceramic wall density. Dendrite‐like porosity is obtained when using cyclohexane and dioxane as solvents. Lamellar porosity is observed in aqueous slurries resulting in a structure with the highest apparent porosity and densest ceramic scaffold but weakest mechanical properties due to the lack of interlamellar support. The use of smaller LLZO particle size in the slurries resulted in lower porosity and denser ceramic walls. The intrinsic ionic conductivity of the oriented LLZ ceramic scaffold is unaffected by the freeze casting technique, providing a promising ceramic scaffold for polymer infill in view of designing new types of ceramic‐polymer composites.
Hydration mechanisms of hybrid cements as a function of the way of addition of chemicals
Authors: Fernández‐Jiménez Ana , Garcia‐Lodeiro Inés , Maltseva Olga , Palomo Angel 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this study fly ash contents of up to 50% were used to produce binders with mechanical strength greater than or equal to type CEM I 42.5R cement (reference). The specific aim pursued in this research was to determine whether the procedure used to add the chemical activator (in solid or liquid form) can affect strength development in the cement or the nature of the reaction products formed. Two experimental procedures were deployed: (a) the chemical activator was dissolved in the mixing water; (b) the chemical activator was ground, as a solid, into the fly ash. The solid‐state method induced slightly higher mechanical strength than when the activator was dissolved in hydration water. The way the chemical activator was added affected not only early age reaction kinetics, but also the nature and composition of the reaction products, the liquid state favoring the formation of phases AFt and AFm.
Improvement of reliability and dielectric breakdown strength of Nb‐doped lead zirconate titanate films via microstructure control of seed
Authors: Ko Song Won , Zhu Wanlin , Fragkiadakis Charalampos , Borman Trent , Wang Ke , Mardilovich Peter , Trolier‐McKinstry Susan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) seed layer without Pb‐deficient defective areas was developed to improve the dielectric breakdown strength and lifetime of thin film piezoelectric actuators. The proportion of defective area in the seed layers was reduced by adjusting the amount of Pb excess in the solution, combined with implementation of a dense, large‐grained (>200 nm) Pt bottom electrode. The optimal Pb excess amount in the solution was about 20 at%; seeding was improved when a slightly Ti‐rich composition (relative to the morphotropic phase boundary) was utilized. It was found that the dielectric breakdown strength and lifetime of PZT films improved as the proportion of visible defective area on the PZT seed layer decreased. Dielectric breakdown strength increased from approximately 300 kV/cm to about 1 MV/cm. The lifetime, characterized by highly accelerated lifetime testing, was increased 60 times by reducing the fraction of defective area. The activation energy (Ea) and voltage acceleration factor (N) for failure of devices (eg, patterned PZT films) were 1.12 ± 0.03 eV and 4.24 ± 0.07 respectively.
Home blood pressure monitoring in the 21st century
Authors: Stergiou George S. , Kario Kazuomi , Kollias Anastasios , McManus Richard J. , Ohkubo Takayoshi , Parati Gianfranco , Imai Yutaka 
Published: July 2018

Home blood pressure monitoring provides multiple measurements in the usual environment of each individual, allows the detection of intermediate hypertension phenotypes (white‐coat and masked hypertension), and appears to have superior prognostic value compared to the conventional office blood pressure measurements. Accumulating evidence suggests that home blood pressure monitoring improves long‐term hypertension control rates. Moreover, it is widely available, relatively inexpensive, and well accepted by patients. Thus, current guidelines recommend home blood pressure monitoring as an essential method for the evaluation of almost all untreated and treated patients with suspected or treated hypertension. Validated automated upper‐arm cuff devices with automated storage and averaging of readings should be used. The home blood pressure monitoring schedule for 4 to 7 days with exclusion of the first day (12–24 readings) should be averaged to provide values for decision making.
Blood pressure measurement in special populations and circumstances
Authors: Stergiou George S. , Dolan Eamon , Kollias Anastasios , Poulter Neil R. , Shennan Andrew , Staessen Jan A. , Zhang Zhen‐Yu , Weber Michael A. 
Published: July 2018

According to the established validation protocols, a typical validation study of a blood pressure (BP) monitor includes general population adults with normal or elevated BP. It is recognized, however, that the automated (oscillometric) BP monitors may have different accuracy or uses in some special populations compared with adults in the general population. Thus, an automated BP monitor with proven accuracy in a general population of adults may not be accurate in a special population, and therefore separate validation is needed. Recognized special populations deserving separate validation are those for which there is theoretical, and also clinical evidence, that the accuracy of BP monitors in these groups differs from that in the general population. Young children, pregnant women (including those with preeclampsia), individuals with arm circumference >42 cm, and patients with atrial fibrillation are regarded as special populations. Adolescents, individuals older than 80 years, and patients with end‐stage renal disease or diabetes mellitus have also been considered as possible special groups, but there is still inadequate evidence of altered accuracy of BP monitors in these subjects. Validation studies should be performed in special populations and evaluated separately after the BP‐measuring device has successfully undergone a validation study in a general population (unless the test device is intended only for a special population). This article discusses issues relating to the measurement of BP and the diagnosis of hypertension in selected special populations, as well as in low‐resource settings, where a simplified yet efficient evaluation strategy is necessary.
Home blood pressure telemonitoring in the 21st century
Authors: Parati Gianfranco , Dolan Eamon , McManus Richard J. , Omboni Stefano 
Published: July 2018

Blood pressure telemonitoring (BPT) is a telehealth strategy that allows remote data transmission of blood pressure and additional information on patients’ health status from their dwellings or from a community setting to the doctor's office or the hospital. There is sufficiently strong evidence from several randomized controlled trials that the regular and prolonged use of BPT combined with telecounseling and case management under the supervision of a team of healthcare professionals is associated with a significant blood pressure reduction compared with usual care, particularly in cases of patients at high risk. However, most current evidence is based on studies of relatively short duration (<12 months), and in the few studies that have investigated longer‐term outcomes, no evidence of better or sustained effect could be provided. In addition, no definition of the optimal BPT‐based healthcare delivery model could be derived from the studies performed so far, because of the heterogeneity of interventions, technologies, and study designs. BPT can also be provided in the context of “mobile health” (m‐health) wireless solutions, together with educational support, medication reminders, and teleconsultation. When BPT is integrated in an m‐health solution, it has the potential to promote patient's self‐management, as a complement to the doctor's intervention, and encourage greater participation in medical decision‐making. In conclusion, BPT has a potential key role in the management of patients with hypertension, since it seems to improve the quality of delivered care and allow for more effective prevention of the cardiovascular consequences of hypertension.
The clinical effects of l_arginine and asymmetric dimethylarginine: implications for treatment in secondary Raynaud's phenomenon
Authors: Curtiss P. , Schwager Z. , Lo Sicco K. , Franks A.G. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSecondary Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) is often the sentinel clinical finding in systemic sclerosis and may precede systemic disease by several years. Altered nitric oxide metabolism plays a critical role in both fibrosis and severe secondary RP phenotypes in these patients. Increased flux through inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) drives cutaneous fibrosis. Failure of flux through endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) contributes to increased vasoconstriction and decreased vasorelaxation. The underproduction of nitric oxide by eNOS is in part due to increased levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. The inhibitory effects of increased ADMA levels may be counteracted increasing serum l_arginine, which is often an effective treatment strategy in these patients. As such, l_arginine_based therapies should be considered in managing secondary RP, particularly given their favourable safety and tolerability profile. While there is no established dosing regimen, studies of oral l_arginine in secondary RP suggest that divided dosing may begin at 1_2 g/day and may be titrated up to 10 g/day. Conversely, primary RP is not associated with increased ADMA production which likely accounts for the failure of l_arginine trials to show benefit in primary RP.
Suffering without a medical diagnosis. A critical view on the biomedical attitudes towards persons suffering from burnout and the implications for medical care
Authors: Engebretsen Karin Mohn 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe search for causal explanations in medically unexplained syndromes such as burnout has not been resolved by evidence‐based medicine. A biomedical model encourages a reductionist diagnostic practice and a dualist split between physical and psychological symptoms. Therefore, diagnosing and treating these syndromes remains a challenge. Depression is a common aspect in burnout and, as a result, clinicians often diagnose burnout patients as depressed. The Norwegian government expects medical efficiency to reduce sick leaves. Medically treating depression has a documented effect. This practice may pose threats to the increasing number of individuals experiencing burnout. The clinical guidelines in evidence‐based medicine mirror what counts as knowledge in medical inquiry, which in turn shapes attitudes towards individual patients. The aim of this article is 2‐fold: firstly, to assess how the values that accompany the biomedical paradigm affect clinical care, and secondly, to replace the biomedical model with a genuine person‐centred approach.In the study described, an existential phenomenological method was applied. Eight individuals, who experienced burnout, were included. They had been on long‐term sick leave (>1 year) due to symptoms of fatigue and pain and fulfilled the criteria for Exhaustion Disorder (ICD‐10, F43.8A). Their symptoms were not medically explained, and almost all the participants were labelled as depressed. Four themes emerged that described how they experienced living with burnout: “unhomelike being in the world,” “the limit of diagnosis,” “naked in the eyes of the public,” and “a path to hopelessness.”I identify 2 main problems; firstly, the mismatch between the patient's experience of his or her illness and the doctor's interpretation of the condition can lead to ineffective treatment. Secondly, the interviewees struggled to be recognized as ill. Thus, the inherent values in the biomedical paradigm might have serious implications for the medical care of patients with burnout.