bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ciberataques en América Latina: desafíos de la era digital
Authors: Zambrano Rendón Aura Dolores , Meza Talledo Yohana Katherine , Villavicencio Mendoza Cindy María , Rodríguez Zambrano Alex Rodolfo 
Published: November 2024

En los últimos años, América Latina ha experimentado un aumento significativo en la frecuencia y sofisticación de los ciberataques, afectando a diversos sectores como los gubernamentales, financieros, energéticos y de infraestructura crítica, así como a individuos y empresas. La región muestra vulnerabilidades debido a la falta de medidas de seguridad efectivas, escasa conciencia sobre ciberseguridad y adopción de tecnologías sin la debida protección. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar los principales aspectos de los ciberataques en América Latina. La metodología se basó en una revisión sistemática de fuentes bibliográficas. Los resultados revelan que el ransomware, phishing, DDOS, inyección de SQL, malware e ingeniería social son los ciberataques más frecuentes, con el ransomware representando el 50% de los ataques en el sector logístico. Aunque gobiernos y organizaciones implementan medidas de seguridad, persiste una falta de preparación adecuada, amenazando la seguridad nacional y economía de los países latinoamericanos. Como conclusión, se requiere una acción conjunta y sostenida que incluya el fortalecimiento de las medidas de seguridad cibernética, la mejora de la educación y concientización, y el fomento de la colaboración regional para enfrentar esta amenaza en constante evolución, protegiendo eficazmente los activos digitales y la infraestructura crítica de la región.
The Logic of the Chinese Communist Youth League Always Following the Party is Inevitable
Authors: Shi Yanni 
Published: November 2024

The history of struggle and development over the past hundred years profoundly shows that the reason why the Chinese Communist Youth League can lead Chinese youth to make important contributions to the construction of a strong country and national rejuvenation and create brilliant achievements, in the final analysis, is to firmly support the leadership of the CPC and take the socialist road with Chinese characteristics. The Communist Youth League of China always follows the Party, which contains profound historical, emotional, value, and logical inevitability of the times. It is the cultural background for the Communist Youth League of China to maintain its original intention, the spiritual coordinates for forging ahead, and the organizational driving force for making achievements. It provides theoretical guidance, strength guarantee, and value guidance for the Communist Youth League of China to unite and lead young people to sustainable development.
Machine Learning Algorithms Exceed Comorbidity Indices in Prediction of Short-Term Complications After Hip Fracture Surgery
Authors: Gowd Anirudh K. , Beck Edward C. , Agarwalla Avinesh , Patel Dev M. , Godwin Ryan C. , Waterman Brian R. , Little Milton T. , Liu Joseph N. 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Hip fractures are among the most morbid acute orthopaedic injuries often due to accompanying patient frailty. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of assessing surgical risk after hip fracture through machine learning (ML) algorithms.

Methods:
The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program was queried from 2011 to 2018 and the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program hip fracture–targeted data set was queried from 2016 to 2018 for all patients undergoing surgical fixation for a diagnosis of an acute primary hip fracture. The data set was randomly split into training (80%) and testing (20%) sets. 3 ML algorithms were used to train models in the prediction of extended hospital length of stay (LOS) >13 days, death, readmissions, home discharge, transfusion, and any medical complication. Testing sets were assessed by receiver operating characteristic, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) and were compared with models constructed from legacy comorbidity indices such as American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, modified Charlson Comorbidity Index, frailty index, and Nottingham Hip Fracture Score.

Results:
Following inclusion/exclusion criteria, 95,745 cases were available in the overall data set and 22,344 in the targeted data set. ML models outperformed comorbidity indices for each complication by area under the curve (AUC) analysis (P < 0.01 for each): medical complications (AUC = 0.65, PPV = 67.5, NPV = 71.7), death (AUC = 0.80, PPV = 46.7, NPV = 94.9), extended LOS (AUC = 0.69, PPV = 71.4, NPV = 94.1), transfusion (AUC = 0.79, PPV = 64.2, NPV = 77.4), readmissions (AUC = 0.63, PPV = 0, NPV = 96.8), and home discharge (AUC = 0.74, PPV = 65.9, NPV = 76.7). In comparison, the best performing legacy index for each complication was medical complication (ASA: AUC = 0.60), death (NHFS: AUC = 0.70), extended LOS (ASA: AUC = 0.62), transfusion (ASA: AUC = 0.57), readmissions (CCI: AUC = 0.58), and home discharge (ASA: AUC = 0.61).

Conclusions:
ML algorithms offer an improved method to holistically calculate preoperative risk of patient morbidity, mortality, and discharge destination. Through continued validation, risk calculators using these algorithms may inform medical decision making to providers and payers.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemia on the basic tuberculosis epidemiological indicators in Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Authors: Kravchenko A. F. , Gotovtzeva A. I. 
Published: November 2024

The aim of the study. To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the main epidemiological indicators of tuberculosis in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).Materials and methods. For a comparative assessment of morbidity and mortality from tuberculosis and similar indicators in the combined pathology of tuberculosis and COVID-19, statistical data of the organizational and analytical department of the State Budgetary Institution of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) »Scientific and Practical Center »Phthisiology« named after E.N. Andreev« used. The observation period covers the first half of 2018-2021. For the correct calculation of epidemiological indicators of semi-annual intervals, the method of the coefficient of the annual expression of the population (λ) used.Results. Polynomial trend lines in absolute values have a steady decline in the incidence of tuberculosis (R2 = 0.8516; p < 0.01), mortality from tuberculosis (R2 = 0.9947; p < 0.05), with an insignificant decrease in the level of coverage of the population with preventive medical examinations (R2 = 0.293; p > 0.05). The decrease in the rate of tuberculosis incidence in various administrative-territorial zones was in the Arctic zone – by 6.8%, in the East Yakut region - by 58.2%, in the West Yakut region – by 39.9%, in the Central Yakut region – by 40.9% and in the South Yakut region – by 2.4%. The highest proportion of the tuberculosis incidence rate (per 100 thousand population) among territorial-administrative zones observed in the Arctic (24.3%) and East Yakut (26.4%) territories. In the West Yakut, Central Yakut and South Yakut zones, the spread of tuberculosis incidence was equivalent. The growth rates of the combined incidence of new coronavirus infection in tuberculosis patients were insignificant (p > 0.05): in 2020 – 22 cases (4.6 per 100 thousand population) and in 2021 – 26 cases (5.3 per 100 thousand population), which amounted to 12.7% and 17.7% of the number of newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients over the same period. Of the patients with tuberculosis with the combined pathology of COVID-19, a complication in the form of viral pneumonitis noted in 31.9% of cases, and of their number, according to the degree of CT 1, in 93.3% of cases.Conclusion. Anti-epidemic measures to prevent the spread of a new coronavirus infection among the population of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) are identical in effectiveness to those in tuberculosis. Various rates of decline of the main epidemiological indicators in the territorialadministrative zones of the republic characterize the effectiveness of both anti-epidemic and anti-tuberculosis measures among the population in the subordinate administrative territories. Limiting the spread of COVID-19 combined pathology among tuberculosis patients and good treatment outcomes indicates the readiness of the tuberculosis service of the republic and phthisiologists to work in new anti-epidemic conditions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Epidemiological monitoring of patients with coronavirus infection based on modern molecular biological research methods in 2021-2022 in the metropolis
Authors: Komarov A. G. , Tarnovetskiy I. Y. , Speshilov G. I. , Shtinova I. A. , Shpakova O. G. , Slutskiy E. A. , Simonova V. S. , Kasholkina E. A. , Godkov M. A. , Puzanov V. A. 
Published: November 2024

The characteristics of the COVID-19 epidemic process were studied according to the results of a PCR study by RT-PCR and full-genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 in Moscow during the year of observation from 30.07.2021 to 01.08.2022, the total volume of studies was 2 951 398. 19 091 samples were selected for subsequent study by full-genome sequencing. The evolutionary dynamics of genetic lines is noted. In the period from 07.2021 to the middle of 01.2022, the delta strain (AY.122) prevailed in Moscow, but from 12.13.2021 the first samples with the omicron strain (BA.1, BA.1.17.2) were found. In a little more than a month, these strains almost completely replaced the strains of the genetic lines (GL) «Delta«. «New» strains consistently replaced the earlier ones: from 13.12.2021 to 10.01.2022, 19 GL strains of omicron BA.1.x were identified. From 10.01.2022, a «Danish» variety of BA appeared in Moscow.2 (»Stealth Omicron«), which began to quickly displace the rest of the chapters. According to the DCLI, the sixth (since the summer of 2022) wave of infection spread is mainly determined by the «South African» strains of SARS-CoV-2 – variants of VA.4 and VA.5, which were first identified starting from 19.06.2022. The analysis of the prevalence and population composition of 1793 samples with SARS-CoV-2 for the period from 19.06. to 21.07.2022, GL BA.4.x, BA.5.x, VE.x, FF.x infected 1481 patients (82.6%). The pool of infected patients formed by the «early» generations totaled 312 patients.During the year of observation, 13 cases of re–infection were established: 9 of them were infected with delta strains at the first disease and omicron strains at the second. Infection of two patients was also confirmed, in which in both cases COVID-19 disease was caused by «new» omicron strains.
Wuling capsule combined with sertraline in the therapy of anxiety and depression with insomnia in adolescents
Authors: Duo Li-Li , Rao Gao-Feng 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND
The treatment of adolescent patients with anxiety, depression and insomnia is challenging, and there is no ideal treatment method.
AIM
To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Wuling capsule combined with sertraline in the treatment of adolescent anxiety, depression and insomnia.
METHODS
Eighty adolescent patients with anxiety, depression with insomnia who were admitted to our hospital from April 1, 2022 to March 30, 2024. And the subjects were randomly classified into the control group (n = 40) and the observational group (n = 40). The control group was treated with a combination of sertraline and placebo. The observation group was treated with Wuling capsule in addition to sertraline. The two groups were cured continuously for 8 weeks. Insomnia severity index (ISI), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) were used to evaluate the clinical symptoms before treatment and at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after treatment. The Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (TESS) was used to evaluate adverse reactions during treatment.
RESULTS
There was no obvious difference in HAMD, HAMA and ISI scores between the two groups before treatment (P > 0.05). After treatment, the HAMD, HAMA and ISI scores of patients in both groups decreased compared with before treatment, and HAMD, HAMA and ISI scores of patients in the observation group were remarkedly lower than those in the control group at each time point after treatment (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the TESS score of the study group were sharply lower (t = 18.239, P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
Wuling capsule can further alleviate the insomnia symptoms of adolescents with anxiety and depression, and the efficacy and safety are high. It is recommended to promote the application.
APPLICATION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN ENHANCING FACULTY RESEARCH PRODUCTION TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS: AN EVIDENCE FROM A PUBLIC UNIVERSITY OF SAUDI ARABIA
Authors: Gangwani Sanjeevni , Aleesa Abeer 
Published: November 2024

Objectives: The purpose of present study was to identify the role of ICT to achieve sustainable development goals of university by enhancing faculty research production at PNU.

Theoretical Framework: Information Communication Technology (ICT) has impacted faculty research productivity in higher education. Any university's Sustainability and ranking depend on the caliber of its research output and the quality of the instruction they provide. High-quality research output raises a university's stature and reputation nationally and internationally. Hence faculty research productivity of any university helps to achieve the sustainable development goals of any educational institute.

Methods: Both primary and Secondary data were used for the study. Secondary data included the examination of databases of Scopus and Web of science to examine the Published research. Primary data included a survey in the form of interviews. Interviews were conducted among faculty members selected randomly from 2500 faculty members teaching different college courses. Interviews were conducted in the various departments of Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University with a minimum of two faculty from each college.

Results and Discussions: It was found that although there is a significant association between the ICT integration by faculty in research activities and their research productivity, researcher characteristics and institutional support also played a significant role in enhancing faculty research productivity at PNU. The results indicated that the integration of ICT had a positive and significant impact on faculty Research Productivity. However, institutional support such as Funding, Research Environment, Rewards and Promotion, and teaching load had the highest impact on Research Productivity.

Research Implications: The findings of the study are useful for educational institutes and university to frame their research policies to encourage faculty research.Implementing proper research Funding policies is essential to encourage research productivity in the university, The findings suggest that although teachers are ICT skilled, the institute must provide adequate research training workshops to create awareness about various ICT tools and software for research analysis.

Originality/Value: Universities are taking numerous steps worldwide to encourage the research culture among their academic personnel. The present research is providing measures for improving ICT utilization among the academic staff in higher education in Saudi Arabia.
Solid Solution Thermochemistry: Understanding Metal Zoning in Polymetallic Hydrothermal Sulfide Ore Deposits
Authors: Sack Richard 
Published: November 2024

This chapter is a tutorial illustrating the methods used to create thermochemical models for sulfide solid solutions focusing on the sulfosalt fahlore ≈ (Cu,Ag)10(Fe,Zn)2(Sb,As)4S(13 − x) with S vacancies 0 ≤ x < 3 and the common sulfide sphalerite (Zn,Fe)S. The formulation and calibration of the thermochemical model for sulfur vacancy-free fahlores are outlined and preliminary estimates for the Gibbs energies of formation of As-endmembers are presented. For sphalerites it summarizes the development of a cluster variation method (CVM) model based on 13 and 6 metal atom cubeocahedral and octahedral basis clusters which accounts for experimental constraints on sphalerite compositions in pyrrhotite + pyrite and pyrrhotite + iron metal assemblages, calorimetric and 850°C activity-composition constraints, and ab-initio quantum mechanical calculations. The analysis outlines the need for additional theoretical, experimental and petrological studies to complete the model for fahlores with S vacancies, discusses why there is an intrinsic limit of 3 sulfur vacancies in fahlores, and reviews how the large Gibbs energies of the reciprocal reactions governing the incompatibilities between Zn and As, Zn and Ag, and As and Ag are the keys to understanding the origin of metal zoning of fahlores in fissure-vein, polymetallic sulfide ore deposits.
Adult Homo naledi hand skeleton points to life before birth
Authors: COFRAN Zachary , KIVELL Tracy L. 
Published: November 2024

Morphology evolves through modifications to growth and development, yet inferences about ontogeny of extinct organisms are often limited by small and fragmentary fossil samples. The remarkable circumstances and preservation of Homo naledi Berger et al., 2015 material from Rising Star Cave, South Africa allow unique insights into the prenatal period of growth and development. We focus here on what a nearly complete adult H. naledi hand skeleton can tell us about embryonic pattern formation. On the one hand, it has been proposed that the proportional lengths of phalanges within a digit are established by a reaction-diffusion mechanism that can be described mathematically by the “inhibitory cascade” model. On the other hand, the proportional lengths of the second and fourth digits are mediated by prenatal exposure to sex hormones, and may serve as a biomarker for social behavior. Viewed through the lens of development, the H. naledi hand suggests that a simple developmental shift could have facilitated the evolution of manual dexterity in early hominins. In addition, H. naledi presents the highest ratio of second to fourth digit of all known fossil hominins, which may reflect reduced aggression compared to other fossil Homo Linnaeus, 1758. The remarkable preservation of the H. naledi hand skeleton provides a unique view of life before birth.
A incompatibilidade Rh na primeira gestação – um relato de caso.
Authors: Preschlak Izabela , Berton Bruno , Savi Guisso Filipe , Signorati Adrieli 
Published: November 2024

Objetivo: A pesquisa foi de caráter descritivo e qualitativo, na qual se teve como objetivo relatar as possíveis causas e complicações da incompatibilidade Rh durante a primeira gestação de uma paciente e enunciar as medidas adotadas. A incompatibilidade do fator RH é detectada nas gestantes primigestas. Assim, de modo geral, a sensibilização só irá ocasionar complicações nas futuras gestações. Em casos raros, pode ocorrer a sensibilização do fator Rh e complicações ainda durante a primeira gestação, após o contato sanguíneo materno-fetal. Modificações genéticas maternas ainda não estabelecidas, podem desencadear essa sensibilidade materno-fetal durante a primeira gestação, ocasionando complicações, como o aborto. O acompanhamento adequado com o médico obstetra, além de monitoramento do feto é indispensável para o andamento da gestação. Descrição do caso: mulher, jovem, primigesta, apresentou quadro de sensibilização do fator Rh na 27ª semana de gestação. A qual não apresentou sintomas e alterações em exames iniciais. Após descoberta da sensibilização, foram realizadas medidas para monitoramento do feto e acompanhamento da gestante. Devido a essas complicações, a criança nasceu com idade gestacional inferior à recomendada, considerando-a prematura. Após o nascimento da criança, foram realizadas medidas para prevenção da sensibilização em uma nova gestação
Correlation Between Strength and Durability of Sandstones from the Dumri Formation, Tinau Khola Area, West-Central Nepal
Authors: Tamrakar Naresh Kazi , Dhungana Vishwas , Dhamala Binod , Poudel Saurav 
Published: November 2024

Strength and Durability indices are two significant geotechnical criteria that can describe rock fragments' strength and weathering resistance. The Dumri Formation is the youngest and thickest of the Tansen Group, Lesser Himalaya. A thick succession of medium-grained, bluish-grey quartzose sandstone and red-purple shale represents it. To assess the quality of the sandstones, different laboratory tests and analyses were made to characterize the physical and mechanical properties of the sandstones. Physical properties were greatly influenced by composition and texture. The intact rock strength was figured out by the point load strength index (PLSI) and Aggregate impact value (AIV). Rock durability against slaking was determined using the slake durability index (SDI) test. The strength and durability indices were correlated through regression analysis. Sandstones assessed were classified as lithic and feldspathic wacke. Sandstones exhibited high resistance to slaking and are extremely durable (SDI = 99.53-99.86%) under a two-cycle test. Sandstones are strong to very strong (PLSI = 5.28-8.92 MPa) and possess high impact resistance (AIV = 6-9%). The correlation between PLSI and SDI was found to be high (r=0.86). Similarly, a correlation between AIV and SDI was (r=0.98), and between AIV and PLSI was (r=0.86).
“Que vayan a laburar”. Análisis de la cobertura de los medios sobre los paros generales del 24 de enero y 9 de mayo de 2024, en el marco del gobierno de Javier Milei
Authors: Dodaro Christian Adrián , Saieva Marina Flavia , Gutiérrez Andrea , Hernández Pablo 
Published: November 2024

En este trabajo se analiza la cobertura mediática de los paros generales del 24 enero y 9 mayo de 2024, convocados por la CGT, tal como se desplegó en diversos portales digitales de noticias de cobertura nacional durante las semanas de realización de los mismos. El análisis se centra en la representación que los medios construyeron en torno a ambas convocatorias, en un contexto caracterizado por el incremento de discursos discriminatorios e incluso violentos, promovidos por funcionarios y agencias de gobierno. Mediante el relevamiento de aspectos tales como el encuadre, las voces incluídas, la mención a terceros afectados y la atribución de responsabilidades, se logra distinguir estrategias editoriales estigmatizantes tanto sobre el mundo sindical como sobre el conjunto de las personas trabajadoras que estuvieron involucradas en las medidas de fuerza. Los resultados muestran, además, la necesidad de generar un proceso de regulación y desconcentración de los medios en pos de mayor pluralismo y abordajes respetuosos de los derechos.