bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is sport an untapped resource for recovery from first episode psychosis? A narrative review and call to action
Authors: Brooke Lauren E. , Lin Ashleigh , Ntoumanis Nikos , Gucciardi Daniel F. 
Published: July 2018

AimThe objective of this narrative review is to address the question: Should sport‐based life skills interventions be developed for young people recovering from first episode psychosis?MethodsA prose was developed through a broad, critical narrative review of literatures on (1) first episode psychosis recovery (FEP); and (2) life skills and sport, highlighting the conceptual (and limited empirical) links between the two. This style of review allowed for a critical examination of evidence from seemingly distinct literatures to address a question yet to be explored empirically.ResultsThe review process highlighted important overlaps between psychosis recovery and sport. A review of the FEP recovery literature reveals that important components of an individual's recovery following a psychotic episode are: (1) physical activity, (2) opportunities to build life skills, and (3) social connectivity. A review of the sport and life skills literature suggests that sport can be a powerful platform from which to: (1) promote physical activity, (2) teach life skills, and (3) foster social connectivity within vulnerable populations. Despite the clear links between the two fields, mental health interventions that combine both life skills training components and physical activity in a context that promotes social connectivity are scarce to none.ConclusionsWe suggest that sport‐based interventions could be an opportunity to provide life skills training, social connectivity and physical activity opportunities in one intervention to individuals recovering from their first psychotic episode. We call for their development, and provide empirically‐based recommendations for intervention design.
Seeking salt: herbivorous prairie insects can be co‐limited by macronutrients and sodium
Authors: Prather Chelse M. , Laws Angela N. , Cuellar Juan F. , Reihart Ryan W. , Gawkins Kaitlin M. , Pennings Steven C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe canonical factors typically thought to determine herbivore community structure often explain only a small fraction of the variation in herbivore abundance and diversity. We tested how macronutrients and relatively understudied micronutrients interacted to influence the structure of insect herbivore (orthopteran) communities. We conducted a factorial fertilisation experiment manipulating macronutrients (N and P, added together) and micronutrients (Ca, Na and K) in large plots (30 × 30 m2) in a Texas coastal prairie. Although no single or combination of micronutrients affected herbivore communities in the absence of additional macronutrients, macronutrients and sodium added together increased herbivore abundance by 60%, richness by 15% and diversity by 20%. These results represent the first large‐scale manipulation of single micronutrients and macronutrients in concert, and revealed an herbivore community co‐limited by macronutrients and Na. Our work supports an emerging paradigm that Na may be important in limiting herbivore communities.
A learning automata‐based clustering algorithm using ant swarm intelligence
Authors: Anari Babak , Akbari Torkestani Javad , Rahmani Amir Masoud 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAnt‐based clustering algorithms are inspired by the behaviour of real ants. In most ant‐based clustering algorithms, each ant lacks global visibility and only uses local search to find the best place on a grid to drop its data item. This paper presents a new clustering method called learning automata‐based clustering algorithm using learning automata (LA) and ant swarm intelligence. In this paper, the problem of finding the best location of grid for dropping a data item is solved using LA. We introduced a new drop operation using the global search capability of LA that can increase the quality of clustering. In the proposed method, each ant is equipped with an LA and a two‐dimensional grid is partitioned into a number of clusters. To drop a data item, the LA of each ant will be responsible for finding one of the best clusters on a grid unlike other methods that use the random search of a grid. To evaluate the results, some clustering evaluation criteria, such as the number of obtained clusters, f‐measure, Rand index, intracluster variance, Dunn index, error rate, and time cost were employed. Additionally, the proposed algorithms were compared with k‐means, Lumer and Faieta, ant clustering algorithm, modified version of the ant‐clustering algorithm, Chaotic Ant clustering (CAC), chaotic ant clustering algorithm, adaptive ant‐based clustering algorithm, adaptive artificial ant clustering algorithm, and ant clustering algorithm with information theoretic learning algorithms on both real and synthetic datasets. Experimental results show that the proposed method can increase the efficiency of the real dataset by 11.13% and that of the synthetic dataset by 16.11%. It also reduces the number of neighbouring function calls by 16% for the real dataset and by 28% for the synthetic dataset.
Morphological characteristics of a dimorphic pair of Albaillella sinuata Ishiga and Watase: Dimorphism in the lineage of the Permian Albaillellaria (Radiolaria)
Authors: Ito Tsuyoshi , Matsuoka Atsushi , Feng Qinglai 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSome taxa of the order Albaillellaria (radiolaria) are dimorphic with normal and swollen types. This study observed and biometrically analyzed the normal and swollen types of Albaillella sinuata Ishiga and Watase from a red chert bed of the Waji section of Ie Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. The distribution of the slimness of the shell body of A. sinuata is bimodal, indicating that the normal and swollen types are clearly dividable. The observational and biometric results indicate that the swollen‐type A. sinuata is characterized by a swollen apical portion and a shorter overall height compared to the normal‐type A. sinuata. Meanwhile, there is no clear difference in the width of the basal part of the shell between the normal and swollen types. Dimorphism composed of the normal and swollen types is recognized within several lineages of the Albaillellaria by a compilation of previous reports of the swollen‐type occurrences in the Permian. Therefore, the dimorphism is a common phenomenon that extends beyond the families within the Permian Albaillellaria.
Characteristics and management of Asian skin
Authors: Chan I. Lym , Cohen Simão , da Cunha Marisa G. , Maluf Luciana C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractColor differences in skin are due to the amount and distribution of epidermal melanin. The number of melanocytes is almost the same in all skin types, but higher phototypes exhibit more melanocytes, which produce more melanin and melanosomes that are individually distributed throughout the keratinocyte layers. This characteristic ensures a natural, significant photoprotection in darker skins. Asians are a population with various skin phototypes, ranging from type III to IV Fitzpatrick′s classification in Chinese and Japanese to type IV and V in Indian and Pakistani people. Asian skin tends to present postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, melasma, lentigines and freckles, nevus of Ota, and Hori nevus. The main skin diseases reported in Asians are acne, atopic dermatitis, and viral infections. Wrinkles and skin thickness, early signs of aging in Caucasians, are less evident in Asian skin. However, pigmentary changes occur earlier. Additionally, this ethnic population is increasing worldwide. The aim of this study is to show the importance of studying the characteristics of Asian skin for the better management of skin diseases in this population, which are being increasingly observed in doctor's offices. Based on a broad review of the medical literature, we report the characteristics of Asian skin, as well as some dyschromias and common skin disorders in this ethnic group. The objective of the article is to study the characteristics of Asian skin and differences in relation to other ethnic groups to achieve improved clinical and cosmetic management of diseases and other skin disorders. This article will discuss the concept of beauty in different ethnic groups, treatments with lasers and other light sources, and cosmiatric treatments in Asian skin. An extensive review of the literature was performed using the databases Scielo and Bireme, from Medline and Lilacs sources, over the last 50 years. The keywords used were as follows: Asian skin, ethnic skin, melanin. Due to the peculiarities of each ethnic group, this article demonstrates the importance of studying the characteristics of Asian skin to elucidate improved cosmiatric approaches for these patients.
Evidence for involvement of atransformerparalogue in sex determination of the waspLeptopilina clavipes
Authors: Geuverink E. , Kraaijeveld K. , van Leussen M. , Chen F. , Pijpe J. , Linskens M. H. K. , Beukeboom L. W. , van de Zande L. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTransformer(tra) is the central gear in many insect sex determination pathways and transduces a wide range of primary signals. Mediated bytransformer‐2(tra2) it directs sexual development into the female or male mode. Duplications oftrahave been detected in numerous Hymenoptera, but a function in sex determination has been confirmed only inApis mellifera. We identified atra2orthologue (Lc‐tra2), atraorthologue (Lc‐tra) and atraparalogue (Lc‐traB) in the genome ofLeptopilina clavipes(Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). We compared the sequence and structural conservation of these genes between sexual (arrhenotokous) and asexual all‐female producing (thelytokous) individuals.Lc‐trais sex‐specifically spliced in adults consistent with its orthologous function. The male‐specific regions ofLc‐traare conserved in both reproductive modes. The paralogueLc‐traBlacks the genomic region coding for male‐specific exons and can only be translated into a full‐length TRA‐like peptide sequence. Furthermore, unlike LC‐TRA, the LC‐TRAB interstrain sequence variation is not differentiated into a sexual and an asexual haplotype. The LC‐TRAB protein interacts with LC‐TRA as well as LC‐TRA2. This suggests thatLc‐traBfunctions as a conserved element in sex determination of sexual and asexual individuals.
Nurses' knowledge, attitudes and practices related to physical restraint: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Wang L. , Zhu X.‐P. , Zeng X.‐T. , Xiong P. 
Published: July 2018

AimTo investigate nurses' knowledge, attitudes and practices related to physical restraint in tertiary hospitals and identify the factors that influence physical restraint use.BackgroundPhysical restraint is used to maintain patient safety. Nurses play an important role in the restraint process. It is important to identify their understanding, feelings and approach regarding the use of physical restraint.IntroductionPhysical restraint is widely practiced in hospitals in China. However, it results in a range of serious negative consequences. This article provides a clear description of nurses' knowledge, attitudes and practices related to physical restraint.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted. The participants were asked to complete a questionnaire examining their knowledge, attitudes and practices related to physical restraint use. A total of 200 questionnaires were distributed in four tertiary hospitals in Hubei Province, China between August and October 2014.ResultsThe nurses' responses indicated a good level of knowledge regarding physical restraint use. However, they held some misconceptions. The nurses' attitudes towards physical restraint tended to be neutral. The nurses were well experienced in the use of physical restraint. Nurses who had received on‐the‐job training performed better than those who had received no training related to knowledge and practices regarding physical restraint use.Conclusions and implication for nursing/health policyIn‐service training is highly recommended for nursing managers to improve nurses' physical restraint related knowledge and practices. Regulations regarding the use of restraints should be established as soon as possible by healthcare administration system.Implications for nursingNurses should be open to evaluate and improve their views and attitudes regarding effective physical restraint use via multidimensional interventions.
Too much of a good thing: Overtreatment in epilepsy
Authors: de Souza S. M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDisagreements between clinicians and patients when considering treatment often arise because patient and practitioner differ as to what they believe constitutes overtreatment. In this paper, I focus on tensions that can arise between practitioner and patients with a particular illness: temporal lobe epilepsy. I argue that some ill patients with temporal lobe epilepsy may believe that maintaining their current condition is preferable to suppressing it. Consequently, they view what practitioners tend to see as the right amount of treatment (that which eliminates seizures) as excessive. I argue that in some cases, these patients' beliefs are justified, but that failure to acknowledge this on the part of practitioners may lead to overtreatment in a number of ways.
Efficient iron plaque formation on tea (Camellia sinensis) roots contributes to acidic stress tolerance
Authors: Zhang Xianchen , Wu Honghong , Chen Lingmu , Li Yeyun , Wan Xiaochun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTea plants grow in acidic soil, but to date, their intrinsic mechanisms of acidic stress tolerance have not been elucidated. Here, we assessed the tea plant response to growth on NH4+ nutrient media having different pH and iron levels. When grown in standard NH4+ nutrient solution (iron insufficient, 0.35 mg L−1 Fe2+), tea roots exhibited significantly lower nitrogen accumulation, plasma membrane H+‐ATPase activity, and protein levels; net H+ efflux was lower at pH 4.0 and 5.0 than at pH 6.0. Addition of 30 mg L−1 Fe2+ (iron sufficient, mimicking normal soil Fe2+ concentrations) to the NH4+ nutrient solution led to more efficient iron plaque formation on roots and increased root plasma membrane H+‐ATPase levels and activities at pH 4.0 and 5.0, compared to the pH 6.0 condition. Furthermore, plants grown at pH 4.0 and 5.0, with sufficient iron, exhibited significantly higher nitrogen accumulation than those grown at pH 6.0. Together, these results support the hypothesis that efficient iron plaque formation, on tea roots, is important for acidic stress tolerance. Furthermore, our findings establish that efficient iron plaque formation is linked to increased levels and activities of the tea root plasma membrane H+‐ATPase, under low pH conditions.
Big Banks and Macroeconomic Outcomes: Theory and Cross‐Country Evidence of Granularity
Authors: BREMUS FRANZISKA , BUCH CLAUDIA M. , RUSS KATHERYN N. , SCHNITZER MONIKA 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDoes the mere presence of big banks affect macroeconomic outcomes? We develop a theory of granularity for the banking sector by modeling heterogeneous banks charging variable markups. Using data for a large set of countries, we show that the banking sector is indeed “granular,” as the right tail of the bank size distribution follows a power law. We demonstrate empirically that the presence of big banks, measured by a high degree of market concentration, is associated with a positive and significant relationship between bank‐level credit growth and aggregate growth of credit or GDP.
Evaluation of lacrimal production, osmolarity, crystallization, proteomic profile, and biochemistry of capuchin monkeys’ tear film
Authors: Raposo Ana Cláudia , Portela Ricardo Dias , Masmali Ali , Cardoso‐Brito Vinicius , Bernardo Marcos , Oliveira Dayse Cury , Oriá Arianne Pontes 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the composition and characteristics of capuchin monkey (CM) tear film.MethodsEleven CM (Sapajus sp.) was evaluated. Strip meniscometry test (SMT), osmolarity, and tear ferning test (TFT) (by Rolando and Masmali scales) were assessed. Tear protein profile (SDS‐PAGE), and total protein, albumin, urea, glucose, and cholesterol levels in tear film and blood serum were screened.ResultsMedian ± semi‐interquatil range for SMT and osmolarity values were 8.0 ± 1.625 and 303.0 ± 9.875, respectively. TFT for Rolando was 2.0 ± 0.5, and Masmali was 2.0 ± 0.0. Monkeys's tear obtained type II and III for Rolando, and 1 and 2 for Masmali. Tear components showed protein bands among 23‐217 kDa, and presence of albumin, urea, glucose, and cholesterol.ConclusionsThe results of SMT, osmolarity, TFT, SDS‐PAGE, and tear biochemistry may serve as a reference baseline for CM, and the data may serve as a basis for future experimental model evaluations.
Assessing the impact of a partnership‐based work/study nursing upgrade programme in a low‐ and middle‐income setting
Authors: Brownie Sharon , Gatimu Samwel Maina , Wahedna Abdul Haq , Kambo Isabel , Ndirangu Eunice Wambui 
Published: July 2018

Aims and objectivesTo evaluate the 15‐year impact of the work/study nursing upgrading programme in East Africa.BackgroundWorking nurses in Africa are often primary family income earners, with limited ability to leave jobs and upgrade qualifications. In 2001, the university established a work/study upgrade programme for enrolled‐ and diploma‐level nurses, allowing them to upgrade their qualifications while continuing to work and support families. Donor partnerships provided scholarships to further increase programme access.DesignA mixed‐method design was used involving an online alumni survey and 24 interviews and 23 focus groups with 172 purposively selected representatives of nursing graduates, employers, regulatory bodies, professional associations and senior nursing officials.MethodQuantitative data were analysed using frequencies and percentages. Inductive thematic analysis was used for qualitative data. Equator guidelines informed reporting of both qualitative and quantitative results.ResultsOf the 549 graduates who completed the survey, 81.2% (n = 446) were female, 93.1% were currently employed and 98% worked within East Africa. They reported improved professional competence (69.4%), nursing practice (25.9%) and patient outcomes (4.6%) on graduation. Extracted themes included the following: flexible/accessible programme; friendly learning environment; effective teaching and learning strategies; acquisition of nursing knowledge, skills and competencies; stakeholders’ role in the programme; career/professional advancement; and strengthened health systems.ConclusionThe work/study programme was an effective nursing workforce capacity development strategy. Programme access was strengthened via the supporting donor partnership. Positive outcomes were achieved with respect to the university's values of quality, access, relevance and impact.Relevance to clinical practiceLong‐term sustainable development of nurses and midwives is fundamental to achieving sustainable development goals. Work/study programmes and private–public partnerships are effective mechanisms to strengthen the development of nursing and the overall healthcare workforce in low‐resource settings.
The educational needs of nursing staff when working with hospitalised older people
Authors: Dahlke Sherry , Hunter Kathleen F. , Negrin Kelly , Reshef Kalogirou Maya , Fox Mary , Wagg Adrian 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo examine nursing staffs' geriatric knowledge, perceptions about interprofessional collaboration and patient‐centred care, and perceived learning needs related to working with hospitalised older people.MethodA triangulation mixed methods design was used. A survey was administered to nursing staff that contained the Knowledge About Older Patients Quiz, the patient‐centered Care measure and the Modified Index of Interdisciplinary Collaboration measure. Interviews were conducted to understand nursing staffs' learning needs. Survey data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Interview data were analysed using content analysis. Survey and interview data were then compared and contrasted.ResultsTwenty‐two nursing staff (response rate 26%) completed surveys and 14 participated in interviews. The mean knowledge about older patients score was 22.95, indicating moderately high gerontological knowledge. The mean scores on the patient‐centered Care measure and Modified Index of Interdisciplinary Collaboration were moderately high at 3.75 and 3.86, respectively. Themes developed from analysis of the interview data were as follows: complex vulnerable population, clinical care concerns and working as a team. In spite of scores on knowledge surveys, nursing staff identified learning needs related to managing the responsive behaviours of older patients with cognitive impairment, chemical and physical restraints, mobility and continence.ConclusionsThere was an incongruence between survey and interview data as nursing staff reported gaps in their knowledge despite moderately high scores on the Knowledge about Older People Quiz. Further research is needed to understand additional factors that influence nurses' educational needs.
Attention‐seeking actions by patients on mechanical ventilation in intensive care units: A phenomenological‐hermeneutical study
Authors: Wallander Karlsen Marte‐Marie , Heggdal Kristin , Finset Arnstein , Heyn Lena Güntenberg 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesThe aim of this study was to explore the interaction between mechanically ventilated patients and healthcare personnel in intensive care units (ICUs), with a special emphasis on patients’ initiative to communicate.BackgroundPatients on mechanical ventilation in ICUs tend to be less sedated today compared to standard care in the past. Their experiences of being voiceless may cause emotional distress, and for many patients, communication is difficult. Healthcare personnel are reported to be the main initiators of the communication exchanges that occur.DesignAn observational study with a phenomenological–hermeneutical approach.MethodsVideo recording was used to collect data on the naturally occurring communication and interaction. Ten conscious and alert patients from two Norwegian ICUs were recruited. Two relatives and a total of sixty healthcare personnel participated. Content analysis was conducted, with focus on both the manifest and latent content meaning.ResultsWe found a total of 66 situations in which patients attempted to attract the attention of others on their own initiative in order to express themselves. Attention‐seeking actions, defined as the act of seeking attention and understanding without a voice, became an essential theme. Four patterns of interaction were identified: immediately responded to, delayed response or understanding, intensified attempts or giving up. Patients had a variety of reasons for seeking attention, which were classified into four domains: psychological expressions, physical expressions, social expressions and medical treatment.ConclusionsPatients’ attention‐seeking actions varied in content, form and the types of responses they elicited. The patients had to fight to first gain joint attention and then joint understanding. This was both energy‐draining and time‐consuming.Relevance to clinical practiceHealthcare personnel need to spend more time for communication purposes, giving attention and being more alert to bodily or symbolic gestures to understand the patient's needs.