bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Archaeorhynchuspreserving significant soft tissue including probable fossilized lungs
Authors: Wang Xiaoli , O’Connor Jingmai K. , Maina John N. , Pan Yanhong , Wang Min , Wang Yan , Zheng Xiaoting , Zhou Zhonghe 
Published: October 2018

SignificanceArchaeorhynchus spathulais a basal member of the Ornithuromorpha, the lineage that includes neornithines. Although this is the fifth reported specimen, unlike the others it preserves significant soft tissue, revealing a tail morphology previously unknown in Mesozoic birds and an exceptional occurrence of fossilized lung tissue. This identification is based on topographical location and anatomical features revealed mainly by scanning electron microscopy. A structure similar to that in neornithines indicates that the 120-Ma-oldArchaeorhynchusmay have been capable of acquiring the large quantities of oxygen needed to support powered flight. Skeletal features related to respiration remain primitive, supporting inferences that many physiological adaptations preceded skeletal changes during the evolution of the anatomically modern bird.
Establishing Evidence-Based Statistical Quality Control Practices
Authors: Westgard James O , Westgard Sten A 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo establish an objective, scientific, evidence-based process for planning statistical quality control (SQC) procedures based on quality required for a test, precision and bias observed for a measurement procedure, probabilities of error detection and false rejection for different control rules and numbers of control measurements, and frequency of QC events (or run size) to minimize patient risk.MethodsA Sigma-Metric Run Size Nomogram and Power Function Graphs have been used to guide the selection of control rules, numbers of control measurements, and frequency of QC events (or patient run size).ResultsA tabular summary is provided by a Sigma-Metric Run Size Matrix, with a graphical summary of Westgard Sigma Rules with Run Sizes.ConclusionMedical laboratories can plan evidence-based SQC practices using simple tools that relate the Sigma-Metric of a testing process to the control rules, number of control measurements, and run size (or frequency of QC events).
Google Ranking of Plastic Surgeons Values Social Media Presence Over Academic Pedigree and Experience
Authors: Dorfman Robert G , Mahmood Eitezaz , Ren Albert , Turin Sergey Y , Vaca Elbert E , Fine Neil A , Schierle Clark F 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Patients increasingly rely on online resources to make healthcare decisions. Google dominates the search engine market; first-page results receive most of the web traffic and therefore serve as an important indicator of consumer reach.

Objectives
Our objective was to analyze the respective importance of physician academic pedigree, experience, and social media presence on plastic surgeon Google first-page search result placement.

Methods
A Google.com search was conducted in the top 25 United States metropolitan areas to identify the top 20 websites of board-certified plastic surgeons. Social media presence was quantified by tracking the number of followers on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram for every surgeon as well as medical school and year of graduation. The primary outcome was website ranking in the first page of Google search results. To identify the independent predictors of presence on the front page, we performed a multivariate logistic regression.

Results
Total number of social medial followers was associated with Google front-page placement (P &lt; 0.001), whereas medical school ranking and years in practice were not (P = 0.17 and 0.39, respectively). A total 19.6% of plastic surgeon practices in our study cohort still had no social media accounts whatsoever.

Conclusions
For the past few decades, plastic surgery practices relied on referrals, word of mouth, and the surgeon’s reputation and academic pedigree to attract new patients. It is now clear that this practice-building model is being rapidly supplanted by a new paradigm based on social media presence to reach potential patients.
Simple tricks of convolutional neural network architectures improve DNA–protein binding prediction
Authors: Cao Zhen , Zhang Shihua 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Motivation
With the accumulation of DNA sequencing data, convolution neural network (CNN) based methods such as DeepBind and DeepSEA have achieved great success for predicting the function of primary DNA sequences. Previous studies confirm the importance of utilizing the reverse complement and flanking DNA sequences, which has a natural connection with data augmentation. However, it is not fully understood how these DNA sequences work during model training and testing.

Results
In this study, we proposed several CNN tricks to improve the DNA sequence related prediction tasks and took the DNA–protein binding prediction as an illustrative task for demonstration. Different from the DeepBind, we treated the reverse complement DNA sequence as another sample, which enables the CNN model to automatically learn the complex relationships between the double strand DNA sequences. This trick promotes the using of deeper CNN models, improving the prediction performance. Next, we augmented the training sets by extending the DNA sequences and cropping each one to three shorter sequences. This approach greatly improves the prediction due to more environmental information from extending step and strong regularization effect of the cropping step. Moreover, this practice fits well with wider CNN models, which also increases the prediction accuracy. On the basis of DNA sequence augmentation, we integrated the results of different effective CNN models to mine the prediction potential of primary DNA sequences. On 156 datasets of predicting DNA–protein binding, our final prediction significantly outperformed the state-of-the-art results with an average AUC increase of 0.057 (P-value = 6 × 10−62).

Availability and implementation
Source codes are available at https://github.com/zhanglabtools/DNADataAugmentation.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Danish ‘add-in’ school-based health promotion: integrating health in curriculum time
Authors: Bentsen Peter , Bonde Ane H , Schneller Mikkel B , Danielsen Dina , Bruselius-Jensen Maria , Aagaard-Hansen Jens 
Published: October 2018

Summary
Schools provide an important setting for health promotion and health education. In countries where health education is not a specific subject, it is typically undertaken by teachers in health-integrating subjects such as biology, home economics or physical education. More ambitious and holistic frameworks and whole school approaches such as health promoting schools have been considered best practice for the past three decades. Recently, more attention has been given to policy initiatives integrating health activities into school curriculum time. This paper discusses potentials and challenges of school-based health promotion applying an ‘add-in’ approach, that integrates health activities into teachers’ curricular obligations without taking time away from them, based on a presentation of three Danish cases. This may serve as a supplement to health promotion activities that have been initiated over and above the day-to-day teaching (add-on). We contend that an ‘add-in’ approach to school health promotion provides a potential win–win situation where both health and core education stand to gain; makes it possible to reach a wider range of schools; mobilizes additional resources for health promotion; and leads to more sustainable activities. However, potential limitations including not addressing structural aspects of health promotion and reliance on a relatively limited evidence base should also be considered.
Introduction
Authors: Stone Adrienne , Saunders Cheryl 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This introductory chapter places the Australian Constitution in a comparative perspective. It does so both to throw light on Australian constitutional law and practice and to identify ways in which Australian constitutionalism contributes to the present store of global constitutional experience. The chapter then contrasts features of the Australian constitutional system that are broadly familiar in constitutional democracies elsewhere which exhibit characteristics of Australian constitutional law that are more distinctive. A reflection on the ways in which the Australian constitutional system currently is grappling with change or might need to do so in the foreseeable future is also provided. In addition, this chapter explains the seven broad concepts around which the chapters in this volume have been organized. Finally, the chapter briefly touches on aspects of the methodology by which this volume was brought together and expresses thanks to the people who have contributed to its publication.
Settlement
Authors: Waugh John 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This chapter explores the law of Australian colonization and its relationship with the laws of Australia's Indigenous peoples. A line of legal continuity links the Australian Constitution to the imposition of British law made during the colonization of Australia and to the decisions of colonial courts that treated the Australian colonies as colonies of settlement. Those decisions, after some initial doubts, displaced the diverse and intricate laws of Australia’s Indigenous peoples, who have occupied the continent for tens of thousands of years. Only in relation to native title to land have later courts made a major reassessment of the status of Indigenous laws. There, the High Court has challenged the factual assumptions of earlier decisions and found accommodation for Indigenous land ownership within the common law, but left the legal framework of colonization otherwise intact.
Ideas
Authors: Emerton Patrick 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This chapter sets out some key political ideas that underpin the Australian Constitution. Australia has a somewhat distinctive constitutional culture. It has a rigid, written Constitution of long standing and that is frequently litigated. As a result, there is a flourishing constitutional jurisprudence. However, with a handful of exceptions, the Constitution, and ideas around constitutional values or ideals, play relatively little role in Australian public and political debate. This has generated a sense of the Constitution itself as a prosaic, even arid, legal text. This chapter presents a counterpoint to such perceptions. It also shows how a technical document that has operated within, and to some extent strengthened, a legalistic constitutional jurisprudence, can be understood to be a source of affirmative constitutional value to which that jurisprudence gives genuine expression.
State Constitutions
Authors: Carney Gerard 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This chapter explores the peculiar role and status of the State Constitutions in Australia: how they provide for the constitutional system of each State, the extent to which they operate as superior law, and the relationship they have with the Commonwealth Constitution. The Constitutions of the six Australian States are less well known than the Australian Constitution, although their history is longer and their existence is fundamental to the Australian constitutional order. Their most significant feature is that they exist as legal instruments separate from the Australian Constitution. Pre-existing the Australian Constitution as the Constitutions of the colonial forebears of the States, they were retained ‘as is’ upon federation, except in so far as they were qualified by the Australian Constitution in order to create the federal system. No change was imposed, however, on the substance or structure of the new State Constitutions.
The Passage Towards Economic Union in Australia’s Federation
Authors: Gleeson Justin 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This chapter explores the progress over the last 116 years in the adoption of the Australian Constitution towards the (unfinished) goal of achieving the fullest possible economic union. It first outlines theoretical concepts that underlie ‘economic union’ within a federation and describes the rather limited form of a negative economic union reflected in the express terms of the new Constitution. The key moves to strengthen Australia's negative economic union over the last 116 years are then considered. The chapter next extends this exercise to the development of a functioning (but still incomplete) positive economic union. Lastly, this chapter concludes with a discussion of the increasing enmeshment of Australia's national economy with global markets, polities, and institutions.
Expression
Authors: Stone Adrienne 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This chapter traces the way in which freedom of expression is recognized in Australian constitutional law. The absence of a provision protecting freedom of expression is just one aspect of a widely noted feature in the Australian Constitution, yet the full picture is considerably more complicated. Freedom of expression has long had a foothold in Australian constitutional law. In 1992, the High Court of Australia developed a doctrine known as ‘the freedom of political communication’ which, to some extent, operates like a guarantee or right of freedom of expression. The chapter considers the extent to which the freedom of political communication resembles an explicit and generally expressed right of freedom.
A possible way to reconcile long-period precession with vortex pinning in neutron stars
Authors: Goglichidze O A , Barsukov D P 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
We propose a possible way to solve the problem of inconsistency between the neutron star long-period precession and superfluid vortex pinning, which is the basis of the most successful theories of pulsar glitches. We assume that the pinning takes place in the region of the neutron star core, which, being magnetically decoupled, can rotate relative to the crust. In the framework of a simple three-component model we show that these two phenomena can coexist in the same pulsar. Some constraints on the formally introduced interaction coefficients following from observation data are formulated.
Jumper's Knee: A Prospective Evaluation of Risk Factors in Volleyball Players Using a Novel Measure of Injury
Authors: MacDonald Kerry , Palacios-Derflingher Luz , Kenny Sarah , Emery Carolyn , Meeuwisse Willem H. 
Published: October 2018

Objectives:
To examine potential intrinsic risk factors that may contribute to the onset of jumper's knee in elite level–male volleyball players.

Design:
Prospective Cohort Study.

Setting:
Varsity and National team volleyball gymnasiums.

Participants:
Sixty elite adult male volleyball players from Canada.

Assessment of Risk Factors:
Players completed a series of risk factor assessments at the commencement of their seasons, including vertical jump (cm), ankle dorsiflexion range (degrees), dynamic balance (normalized distance reached; cm), dynamic knee alignment (degrees), and landing mechanics (degrees).

Main Outcome Measure:
Self-reported knee problems, captured via short message service.

Results:
Knee problem prevalence was 75% [95% confidence intervals (CIs): 62.2-84.6] and the incidence rate for substantial injuries over the study period was 30 injuries/100 players/season (95% CI: 19.5-43.1). No risk factor was found to significantly predict the future occurrence of developing jumper's knee. The odds ratios were close to unity (range: 0.94–1.07) with narrow confidence intervals and P > 0.05.

Conclusions:
A more sensitive capture of overuse knee problems did not result in the identification of distinct risk factors for the development of jumper's knee. These findings highlight a lack of available methodology to accurately assess risk factors for overuse injuries.
Like Prisoners in a War Camp
Authors: Phillips Celeste R. , Haase Joan E. 
Published: October 2018

Background
Adolescent/young adult (AYA) cancer survivors experience greater psychosocial distress than younger or older adults. To address their psychosocial distress, it is important that healthcare providers (HCPs) foster connectedness with AYAs; however, some HCPs' words and behaviors may actually create a sense of disconnectedness with AYAs.

Objective
The aim of this study was to describe AYA cancer survivors' experiences of disconnectedness from HCPs during cancer treatment.

Methods
This empirical phenomenological study sample included 9 AYA cancer survivors (aged 20–23 years) diagnosed during adolescence. In-person interviews were conducted using a broad data-generating question and analyzed using an adapted Colaizzi's method.

Results
Healthcare providers' behaviors that create disconnectedness include (1) exhibiting a lack of appreciation for AYAs' personhood, (2) inflicting unnecessary harm or discomfort, (3) being apathetic of needs and preferences, (4) treating AYAs like they have minimal rights, (5) speaking in a patronizing manner, (6) ignoring their requests, and (7) failing to be vigilant for basic needs. When AYAs experience disconnectedness, they feel dehumanized, powerless, and a lack of self-determination.

Conclusion
Findings highlight disturbing HCP behaviors that create AYA disconnectedness. Despite generally feeling connected to HCPs, AYA cancer survivors' experiences of disconnectedness leave lingering feelings of anger and resentment, even after treatment ends. Preventing disconnectedness behaviors must be a priority.

Implications for Practice
AYA cancer survivors’ can benefit from having the opportunity to share their experiences of disconnectedness and having the chance to be autonomous in their care. Bringing awareness to HCPs about what behaviors cause disconnectedness is essential in preventing the behaviors.
Lethal Renal Venous Thrombosis Complicating Dehydration in Infancy
Authors: Byard Roger W. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
A 3-month-old boy presented to hospital in cardiac arrest, dehydrated, with a blood sodium of 158.4 mmol/L. He had been febrile, not feeding normally and refusing fluids. Despite attempts at resuscitation with rehydration, he was declared dead. At autopsy, the kidneys were uniformly enlarged with thrombi within intraparenchymal tributaries of the renal veins bilaterally. Death was due to bilateral renal venous system thrombosis with hypernatremic dehydration. It is likely that the dehydration resulted both from increased requirements for fluid due to fever and from inadequate oral intake. Lethal renal venous thrombosis is a rare multifactorial condition that should be suspected in all infants with histories of hypernatremic dehydration with hypotension. Although there may be no obvious renal vein thrombosis at the time of dissection, microscopy may reveal intraparenchymal venous thromboses. As inherited prothrombotic states are associated with renal venous thrombosis, hematologic evaluation of immediate family members would be in order.
Measuring rewilding progress
Authors: Torres Aurora , Fernández Néstor , zu Ermgassen Sophus , Helmer Wouter , Revilla Eloy , Saavedra Deli , Perino Andrea , Mimet Anne , Rey-Benayas José M. , Selva Nuria , Schepers Frans , Svenning Jens-Christian , Pereira Henrique M. 
Published: October 2018

Rewilding is emerging as a promising restoration strategy to enhance the conservation status of biodiversity and promote self-regulating ecosystems while re-engaging people with nature. Overcoming the challenges in monitoring and reporting rewilding projects would improve its practical implementation and maximize its conservation and restoration outcomes. Here, we present a novel approach for measuring and monitoring progress in rewilding that focuses on the ecological attributes of rewilding. We devised a bi-dimensional framework for assessing the recovery of processes and their natural dynamics through (i) decreasing human forcing on ecological processes and (ii) increasing ecological integrity of ecosystems. The rewilding assessment framework incorporates the reduction of material inputs and outputs associated with human management, as well as the restoration of natural stochasticity and disturbance regimes, landscape connectivity and trophic complexity. Furthermore, we provide a list of potential activities for increasing the ecological integrity after reviewing the evidence for the effectiveness of common restoration actions. For illustration purposes, we apply the framework to three flagship restoration projects in the Netherlands, Switzerland and Argentina. This approach has the potential to broaden the scope of rewilding projects, facilitate sound decision-making and connect the science and practice of rewilding.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Trophic rewilding: consequences for ecosystems under global change’.
Island rewilding with giant tortoises in an era of climate change
Authors: Falcón Wilfredo , Hansen Dennis M. 
Published: October 2018

Replacing recently extinct endemic giant tortoises with extant, functional analogues provide the perhaps best examples of island rewilding to date. Yet, an efficient future application of this conservation action is challenging in an era of climate change. We here present and discuss a conceptual framework that can serve as a roadmap for the study and application of tortoise rewilding in an uncertain future. We focus on three main ecological functions mediated by giant tortoises, namely herbivory, seed dispersal and nutrient cycling, and discuss how climate change is likely to impact these. We then propose and discuss mitigation strategies such as artificial constructed shade sites and water holes that can help drive and maintain the ecosystem functions provided by the tortoises on a landscape scale. The application of the framework and the mitigation strategies are illustrated with examples from both wild and rewilded populations of the Aldabra giant tortoise,Aldabrachelys gigantea, in the Western Indian Ocean.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Trophic rewilding: consequences for ecosystems under global change’.
Soil biological responses to, and feedbacks on, trophic rewilding
Authors: Andriuzzi W. S. , Wall D. H. 
Published: October 2018

Trophic rewilding—the (re)introduction of missing large herbivores and/or their predators—is increasingly proposed to restore biodiversity and biotic interactions, but its effects on soils have been largely neglected. The high diversity of soil organisms and the ecological functions they perform mean that the full impact of rewilding on ecosystems cannot be assessed considering only above-ground food webs. Here we outline current understanding on how animal species of rewilding interest affect soil structure, processes and communities, and how in turn soil biota may affect species above ground. We highlight considerable uncertainty in soil responses to and feedbacks on above-ground consumers, with potentially large implications for rewilding interactions with global change. For example, the impact of large herbivores on soil decomposers and plant–soil interactions could lead to reduced carbon sequestration, whereas herbivore interactions with keystone biota such as mycorrhizal fungi, dung beetles and bioturbators could promote native plants and ecosystem heterogeneity. Moreover, (re)inoculation of keystone soil biota could be considered as a strategy to meet some of the objectives of trophic rewilding. Overall, we call for the rewilding research community to engage more with soil ecology experts and consider above-ground–below-ground linkages as integral to assess potential benefits as well as pitfalls.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Trophic rewilding: consequences for ecosystems under global change'.