bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of prophylaxis with BAY 81‐8973 in Chinese patients with severe haemophilia A enrolled in the LEOPOLD II trial
Authors: Yang Renchi , Sun Jing , Zhao Yongqiang , Wang Xuefeng , Wu Depei , Tseneklidou‐Stoeter Despina , Wu Junde , Church Nikki 
Published: April 2019

IntroductionBAY 81‐8973 (Kovaltry®) is a full‐length, unmodified recombinant human factor VIII approved in China for prophylaxis and on‐demand treatment in patients with haemophilia A. Limited access to FVIII prophylaxis in China has historically led to this population being undertreated. This subanalysis of LEOPOLD II investigated whether the efficacy and safety of BAY 81‐8973 varied between Chinese and non‐Chinese patients.AimTo evaluate BAY 81‐8973 efficacy and safety in Chinese patients.MethodsLEOPOLD II enrolled males aged 12‒65 years with severe haemophilia A who were receiving on‐demand treatment. Patients were randomly assigned to receive BAY 81‐8973 as low‐dose prophylaxis (20‒30 IU/kg twice‐weekly), high‐dose prophylaxis (30‒40 IU/kg 3 times weekly) or on‐demand for 1 year.ResultsData were available from 23 Chinese and 57 non‐Chinese patients; Chinese patients had a higher prestudy bleeding rate and were more likely to have target joints than non‐Chinese patients. 74% of patients were assigned to prophylaxis. Annualized bleeding rates (ABRs) in Chinese and non‐Chinese patients receiving prophylaxis were significantly lower compared to patients treated on‐demand. Median ABRs for all bleeds in the last 6 months of the study were 2.0 and 1.0 for Chinese and non‐Chinese patients, respectively, in the combined prophylaxis groups, and 61.3 and 58.5 in the on‐demand group. A treatment‐related adverse event occurred in 1 Chinese patient; no patients developed FVIII inhibitors.ConclusionBAY 81‐8973 prophylaxis was efficacious and well tolerated in Chinese patients with severe haemophilia A, with ABRs comparable to those in non‐Chinese patients receiving prophylaxis.
Finding home: Black queer historical scholarship in the United States Part II
Authors: Jones Jennifer Dominique 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis essay surveys the extant historical and historically minded scholarship about the political, social, and cultural life of African American/black LGBT/queer. Characterizing this area of inquiry as “black queer historical studies,” this essay addresses scholars' diverse approaches to the challenge of archival research, current scholarship about the intersecting histories of blackness and queerness in the United States, and four key topical concerns: black “lesbian” histories, gender transgression, class, and community formation/politics.
Effects of breastfeeding and heel warming on pain levels during heel stick in neonates
Authors: Aydin Diler , İnal Sevil 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimTo determine the effects of two different methods, breastfeeding and heel warming, during heel stick procedures on pain levels in healthy term neonates.MethodsThis study was a prospective, randomized controlled trial. The sample of the study consisted of 150 healthy newborns who matched the case selection criteria and were brought to the nursery for the heel stick procedure. Fifty neonates were randomly assigned to each group: breastfeeding (n = 50), heel warming (n = 50), and control (n = 50), using computer‐based randomization. The study data were obtained using an Information Form and the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS).ResultsThe pre‐procedural pain scores of the breastfeeding group (mean 4.44 SD 1.21 seconds) were lower than in the heel warming (mean 6.10 SD 1.07 seconds) and the control group (mean 6.42 SD 0.91 seconds) (P < 0.01). Both the total crying time and the first calming time of the breastfeeding group were shorter than the heel warming and control group. The first calming time of the heel warming group was shorter than in the control group.ConclusionsBoth breastfeeding and heel warming are effective in reducing the calming time during heel stick procedures. However, breastfeeding is more effective than heel warming in reducing pain during heel stick and should be preferred as the first choice.
Foreign trade barriers and jobs in global supply chains
Authors: KÜHN Stefan , VIEGELAHN Christian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis article uses ILO global supply chain job estimates to study the impact on domestic jobs of foreign barriers to trade in goods and services. Empirical analysis largely confirms predictions derived from a theoretical model calibrated to WIOD data for 2000 and 2011. Barriers to trade in manufacturing and services are both found to have a cross‐border impact on jobs in their own sector and spill‐over effects in other sectors, the latter becoming stronger over time. This article shows the labour market consequences of the increased interconnectedness of countries and sectors through global supply chains, which suggests that trade policy can have significant external effects on foreign labour markets.
Volatilité des revenus salariaux et volatilité de l'emploi chez les jeunes en Europe
Authors: AYLLÓN Sara , RAMOS Xavier 
Published: April 2019

RésuméLes auteurs fournissent de nouveaux éléments d'appréciation sur la volatilité des revenus salariaux et de l'emploi chez les jeunes Européens après la crise de 2008. L'analyse, qui repose sur des données de la base EU‐SILC (2004–2013), révèle des différences de niveaux et de tendances importantes entre les pays. Sans surprise, l'instabilité augmente après la crise, mettant fin au recul enregistré précédemment. Une analyse de variance montre que les jeunes des pays d'Europe méridionale sont particulièrement exposés à la volatilité de l'emploi. Une régression à effets fixes permet d'associer certaines institutions (prestations de chômage et législation protectrice de l'emploi) à une baisse de l'instabilité.
Libéralisation du commerce et emploi dans les services
Authors: SHINGAL Anirudh , SAUVÉ Pierre 
Published: April 2019

RésuméDans cette analyse novatrice consacrée à l'effet de la libéralisation du commerce et des investissements relatifs aux services sur la répartition des gains, les auteurs mettent l'accent sur le rôle de caractéristiques comme le mode de fourniture et la nature de la branche d'activité. Ils complètent les statistiques descriptives par une analyse économétrique effectuée à partir des données de l'OCDE sur les restrictions aux échanges de services pour 2014–2016. Les résultats ne font apparaître aucune association entre la libéralisation unilatérale des services et une éventuelle perte d'emplois nette. Cependant, des études empiriques reposant sur des données plus exhaustives seraient nécessaires pour en savoir plus.
Trabajo decente para los trabajadores domésticos en Côte d'Ivoire. Inspección y actuaciones judiciales innovadoras en el marco del código general del trabajo
Authors: BLACKETT Adelle , KONÉ‐SILUÉ Assata 
Published: April 2019

ResumenSe presenta un análisis contextualizado de las resoluciones judiciales dictadas en Côte d'Ivoire entre 1971 y 2013 en el marco del código general del trabajo. La jurisprudencia y las entrevistas cualitativas con actores institucionales muestran que las prácticas innovadoras derivan de la aplicación del código por inspectores y jueces que equiparan el trabajo doméstico a cualquier otro, lo que impide abordar su especificidad. Tras reafirmar que la regulación del trabajo doméstico debe englobar su dualidad (trabajo como otro cualquiera, pero diferente de todos los demás), se aboga por la creación de una comunidad internacional de aprendizaje sobre trabajo decente para los trabajadores domésticos.
Comercio y empleo en Europa. El papel de las exportaciones de servicios en modo 5
Authors: RUEDA‐CANTUCHE José M. , CERNAT Lucian , SOUSA Nuno 
Published: April 2019

ResumenEn las dos últimas décadas, el empleo sostenido por las exportaciones extracomunitarias de bienes y servicios ha crecido considerablemente en la UE, con un giro hacia el empleo sostenido por los servicios exportados como parte de productos manufacturados. Para estudiar este fenómeno, los autores descomponen totalmente los flujos comerciales de 40 países y 35 sectores durante el periodo 1995–2011 utilizando un modelo input‐output multirregional y la base de datos mundial input‐output (WIOD). Los resultados indican que los cuatro modos de suministro de servicios tradicionales del Acuerdo General sobre el Comercio de Servicios deberían revisarse para adecuarlos a la nueva realidad del comercio mundial.
Una teoría económica favorable al derecho al trabajo
Authors: BRANCO Manuel C. 
Published: April 2019

ResumenSe argumenta que la corriente económica dominante constituye uno de los principales factores por los que el derecho humano al trabajo, reconocido en 1966 por la comunidad internacional, parece no haberse tomado en serio. En el discurso dominante el trabajo es un costo; el empleo, un objetivo de segunda categoría; las personas, recursos con especificaciones productivas, y los derechos, rigideces. Una economía política basada en los derechos humanos que pretenda asegurar el derecho al trabajo debe interpretarlo más allá de la mera lucha contra el desempleo, entender el pleno empleo como un fin en sí mismo y situar al individuo en el centro de su razón de ser.
Toward precision public health
Authors: Meyer Sarah L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe information in this article is based on a presentation given at the American Institute of Dental Public Health's 2018 Colloquium on Precision Public Health (PPH). A brief introduction to precision medicine provides context for PPH. Precision medicine tailors treatment and prevention strategies for individual patients based on variability of genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. An overview of PPH with examples of pilot studies with different research approaches bridges a discussion on an initiative undertaken by the University of Florida to build infrastructure and expertise for PPH research.MethodsPPH use better and more precise data to target disease prevention and control in the right population at the right time. To facilitate the identification of relevant open access data sources for PPH research a “one‐stop” shop was created and tested. Case studies were conducted to validate the data portal's usefulness in identifying at‐risk populations.ResultsDetails of portal data types, research challenges, and university‐wide integrated programs are included. Case studies indicated that providing a “one‐stop shop” of relevant data sources is an effective tool to aid researchers in identifying at‐risk populations.ConclusionsResearch studies undertaken by University of Florida graduate students illustrate how PPH aligns with essential public health services including community engagement to reduce disparities in health care. Assurance of a competent workforce in PPH research approaches may be improved by training new researchers graduating from health science programs with knowledge of data and tools. The move toward PPH is in early stages and much work lies ahead.
Public involvement in designing a study on patient‐witnessed cardiopulmonary resuscitation in hospital
Authors: Fiori Martina , Endacott Ruth , Latour Jos M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to report the findings of the consultation rounds with former patients and health care professionals to inform the design of a qualitative study. We aimed to understand stakeholders' views regarding the relevance of a proposed study looking at the impact of patients witnessing cardiopulmonary resuscitation on other patients in hospital, the appropriateness of the proposed methodology and ethical aspects. We conducted an online survey (n = 22) and telephone interviews (n = 4) with former patients linked to the British Heart Foundation charity and a focus group (n = 15) with hospital health care professionals involved in cardiopulmonary resuscitation activities. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. The consultation rounds provided valuable advice on three major themes: conceptual aspects, methodological aspects and practical suggestions. The conceptual aspects were related to the relevance of the proposed study, the emotional impact for participating patients and how the social interaction among patients could influence the witnessing experience. Methodological advice included recruitment strategies and data collection methods such as the use of individual and focus group interviews, the timeframe of interviews with patients and the topics of the interview guides. In the third theme, practical suggestions were provided, such as strategies to advertise the study, improving the public's and participants' engagement throughout the study process and disseminating the findings. Overall, the study proposed in this consultation was considered relevant and worthy by patients and health care professionals to raise awareness and generate new evidence on an unconsidered aspect of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and of patients' hospital experience. These stakeholders' consultation rounds constituted a valuable exercise to design high‐quality research based on a shared vision among researchers, service users and clinicians. They also provided pragmatic advice to inform critical care practice to support patients witnessing cardiopulmonary resuscitation in hospital.
Chronic daily opioid exposure is associated with dysphagia, esophageal outflow obstruction, and disordered peristalsis
Authors: Babaei Arash , Szabo Aniko , Shad Sadaf , Massey Benson T. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundOpioid receptors are present in the esophagus, and chronic opioid therapy may be associated with esophageal dysfunction. Given the current opioid epidemic in the United States, the potential contribution of opioids to esophageal dysmotility is important from both public health and patient care perspectives. Therefore our aim is to investigate the potential contribution of opioids to dysphagia and the prevalence of major motor disorders in patients undergoing manometric evaluation.MethodsThe anonymized electronic medical records of patients linked to their de‐identified high‐resolution manometry (HRM) studies were reviewed. The patients were grouped based on their opioid exposure history at the time of HRM: opioid‐naïve and chronic daily users. The oral morphine milligram equivalent daily dose (MMED) of opioids was computed.Key Results10% of patients referred for esophageal HRM were taking opioid analgesics on a chronic daily basis, and they had a significantly higher prevalence of dysphagia than their opioid‐naïve counterparts. The chronic daily opioid users displayed a significantly higher prevalence of achalasia type 3 (ACH3) and esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (EGJOO) motility phenotypes. The MMED of opioids was a significant predictor of esophageal pressure metrics and motility diagnoses (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsChronic daily opioid intake is associated with impaired deglutitive LES relaxation and disorganized peristaltic sequence. While a minority of patients on chronic daily opioid therapy present with major esophageal motor disorders, they comprise nearly half of ACH3 and a third of EGJOO motility phenotypes.
Intercellular delivery of small RNAs in plant gametes
Authors: Wu Wenye , Zheng Binglian 
Published: April 2019

SummarySmall RNAs are 20–24 nucleotides in length. In plants, small RNAs are classified into microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), based on their biogenesis and molecular features. In contrast to the extensive knowledge of the roles of small RNAs in sporophytic tissues, the distribution and function of small RNAs in gametophytic cells have been less well studied. However, with the improvement of single‐cell sorting and RNA sequencing technologies, the distribution of small RNAs, especially siRNAs, between sperm cells and the vegetative cell, as well as the function of sperm‐delivered small RNAs during early seed development have been elucidated. This review summarizes work from the past 5 years regarding small RNAs in male gametes, emphasizing the intercellular communication and biological significance of small RNAs in Arabidopsis.
RNA stabilization in hyperthermophilic archaea
Authors: Gomes‐Filho José Vicente , Randau Lennart 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAnalyses of the RNA metabolism of hyperthermophilic archaea highlight the efficiency of regulatory RNAs and RNA‐guided processes at extreme temperatures. These organisms must overcome the intrinsic thermolability of RNAs. Elevated levels of RNA modifications and structured GC‐rich regions are observed for many universal noncoding RNA families. Guide RNAs are often protected from degradation by their presence within ribonucleoprotein complexes. Modification and ligation of RNA termini can be employed to impair exonucleolytic degradation. Finally, antisense strand transcription promotes the formation of RNA duplexes and can be used to stabilize RNA regions. In our review, we provide examples of these RNA stabilization mechanisms that have been observed in hyperthermophilic archaeal model organisms.
Maternal hemoglobin concentrations across pregnancy and maternal and child health: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Young Melissa F. , Oaks Brietta M. , Tandon Sonia , Martorell Reynaldo , Dewey Kathryn G. , Wendt Amanda S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMaternal anemia is a well‐recognized global health problem; however, there remain questions on specific hemoglobin (Hb) thresholds that predict health risk or protection for mother and child. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to examine the associations of maternal Hb concentrations with a range of maternal and infant health outcomes, accounting for the timing of measurement (preconception, and first, second, and third trimesters), etiology of anemia, and cutoff category. The systematic review included 272 studies and the meta‐analysis included 95 studies. Low maternal Hb (<110 g/L) was associated with poor birth outcomes (low birth weight, preterm birth, small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA), stillbirth, and perinatal and neonatal mortality) and adverse maternal outcomes (postpartum hemorrhage, preeclampsia, and blood transfusion). High maternal Hb (>130 g/L) was associated with increased odds of SGA, stillbirth, preeclampsia, and gestational diabetes. Relationships varied by the timing of measurement and cutoff category (stronger associations with lower cutoffs); limited data were available on anemia etiology. There were insufficient data for other maternal outcomes and long‐term child health outcomes. Current data are insufficient for determining if revisions to current Hb cutoffs are required. Pooled high‐quality individual‐level data analyses, as well as prospective cohort studies, would be valuable to inform the reevaluation of Hb cutoffs.
Psychological disorders and quality of life in oral lichen planus patients and a control group
Authors: Vilar‐Villanueva Marta , Gándara‐Vila Pilar , Blanco-Aguilera Elena , Otero-Rey Eva María , Rodríguez-Lado Luis , García‐García Abel , Blanco-Carrión Andrés 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectivesOral lichen planus (OLP) is a common disease whose aetiopathogenesis is linked to psychological disorders. This study aims to determine the influence of anxiety and depression in OLP patients, define the perception of quality of life in these patients and check for potential differences between atrophic/ ulcerative and reticular lesions.Materials and MethodsA group of 48 OLP patients and a control group of 40 patients were selected. In order to assess anxiety, depression and quality of life, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Oral Health Impact Profile 14 (OHIP‐14) tests were completed.ResultsOLP patients showed higher scores on HADS (anxiety p < 0.01, depression p < 0.05) and OHIP‐14 (physical pain p < 0.05, psychological discomfort p = 0.001). Patients with reticular lesions obtained higher scores in HADS (anxiety p = 0.001, depression p < 0.001), whereas patients with atrophic/ ulcerative lesions obtained higher scores in OHIP‐14 (p = 0.02).ConclusionsPsychological disorders play an important role as a trigger for OLP and are responsible for many relapses. Psychological support would be advisable in order to improve their mental health, as this would have a positive impact on their quality of life and would lead to a better progression of the disease.
Validity of the +1.50 plus lens screening test as a predictor of uncorrected moderate hyperopia
Authors: Hopkins Shelley , Black Alex A , White Sonia L , Wood Joanne M 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPurposeScreening for uncorrected hyperopia in school children is important given its association with poorer visual function and academic performance. However, standard distance visual acuity screening may not detect low to moderate hyperopia. The plus lens test is used to screen for hyperopia in many school screening protocols, but has not been well validated. The current study investigated the effectiveness of the plus lens test to identify hyperopia in school children.MethodsParticipants included Grade 2 school children. Monocular distance visual acuity (logMAR letter chart) was measured unaided, and then through a +1.50D lens, known as the plus lens test. Cycloplegic refraction was undertaken to classify moderate hyperopia (≥+2.00D). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) were calculated for commonly used cut‐offs for the plus lens test: 6/6, 6/9 and less than two lines difference between unaided acuity and acuity through the plus lens test.ResultsThe sample included 59 children (mean age 7.2 ± 0.4 years). Fourteen (24%) children were classified as having uncorrected hyperopia. The sensitivity and specificity of the +1.50 plus lens test for identifying hyperopia were 0% and 98% respectively for a 6/6 cut‐off, 29% and 91% for 6/9 cut‐off, and 50% and 76% for a <2 line reduction between unaided acuity and acuity through the plus lens test. Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) analysis revealed area under curves of 0.69 based on acuity through the plus lens test, and 0.65 for a reduction in acuity through the plus lens test.ConclusionsThe plus lens test has low sensitivity for detecting uncorrected hyperopia using traditional cut‐offs of 6/9 or better. This raises questions about the role of the plus lens test in school screening batteries.
Afro‐Catholicism in Latin America
Authors: Selka Stephen 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis article provides a historical and ethnographic overview of Afro‐Catholicism in Latin America. For the purposes of this article, ”Afro‐Catholicism” encompasses the wide variety of ways that people of African descent have practiced or engaged with Catholicism. Much of the article focuses on Brazil, but it also draws on the literature on Afro‐Catholicism in Haiti and Cuba both to highlight similarities and differences throughout Latin America and to foreground the necessarily transnational scope of this topic.
Human capital and the re‐employment of retrenchment labor in urban China
Authors: Liang Yunling , Yu Li 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe inefficiency of state‐owned enterprises, followed by the economic reform in urban China, resulted in large‐scale retrenchment during the late1990s. The laid‐off workers were middle‐aged, not well educated and had accumulated a lot of firm‐specific human capital that was unlikely to be of value in the product market. In this study, we investigate how differently human capital affects laid‐off workers’ occupation choices: self‐employment, re‐employment and remaining unemployed. Using 2002 Chinese Household Income Project and 2009 Urban Household Survey datasets, we find that although general human capital measured by education is positively related to the probability of finding a job, it is negatively associated with the probability of self‐employment. Displaced workers with more sector‐specific work experience are more likely to be self‐employed than to be employed by others. Government‐sponsored training significantly increases the likelihood of finding a job. Health is positively associated with re‐employment.