bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observer Based Fuel Delivery Control for PEM Fuel Cells with a Segmented Anode Model
Authors: Chen Jian , Wu Zhongle , Wu Chengshuai , Yan Chizhou 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn the anode of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells, the measurable outlet pressure is usually different with the actually utilized stack pressure. In this paper, the anode of PEM fuel cells is divided into three segments to reduce the modeling error between these two pressures and the impact of the spatial distribution of pressure, electrochemical reaction, and gas permeation. Specifically, we first model the fuel delivery system with anode recirculation and bleeding in a MIMO nonlinear compact form based on the segmented anode model. Then, a Lyapunov‐based full state feedback controller is proposed based on the developed model to guarantee adequate hydrogen supply and maintain the anode hydrogen at a suitable concentration level. Moreover, a high order sliding mode observer is proposed to estimate the unmeasurable pressure and the partial pressure in the fuel delivery system with known disturbance. Furthermore, an output feedback controller based on the proposed observer is developed with guaranteed stability. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control and the estimation approaches.
Final outcomes and disease insurance for a controlled epidemic model
Authors: Lefèvre Claude , Picard Philippe 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis paper considers a general epidemic model that the spread of which is partially controlled by a health organization. Our primary goal is to show that standard life insurance principles can be applied to guarantee the insurance coverage of such an epidemic. This leads us to determine the expected value of the final population state and of a total path integral for the process. A more general transform of the epidemic outcomes is then obtained using a special family of bivariate pseudopolynomials.
Test of a new mobile machine for comminuting and cleaning rootstock waste
Authors: Spinelli Raffaele , Aminti Giovanni , De Francesco Fabio , Magagnotti Natascia , Pari Luigi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA new shredder was designed for comminuting small‐size rootstocks from the termination of orchards and short‐rotation plantations. The new shredder is lighter than any similar models available on the market and is fitted with an integral star screen: these innovative characteristics allow the machine to work in‐field, leaving dirt on site and packing denser loads. The preliminary test conducted in this study lasted 13.2 h and produced 15 full containers, or 123 t of fresh chunks. Researchers measured the time required to fill each container, and associated it with its net weight. Samples were collected from each load in order to determine product moisture and dirt content. Productivity ranged most commonly between 8 and 10 t of fresh chunks (or 38 and 50 m3 of loose chunks) per scheduled hour, inclusive of all delays. Net shredding productivity was much higher and peaked at 17 t of fresh chunks or 80 m3 of loose chunks per hour, excluding delays. The shredding cost varied between 24 and 30 € t−1 of fresh chunks, including transportation to the plant yard. Prolonged storage at the field edge and effective screening resulted in a dramatic reduction of water and soil content, which were measured at 23% and 1% respectively. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Promoting towel reuse behaviour in guests: A water conservation management and environmental policy in the hotel industry
Authors: Han Heesup , Lee Myong Jae , Kim Wansoo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis research was designed to identify and uncover the role of critical factors that elicit towel reuse behaviour in hotel guests. An empirical approach with a survey methodology was employed. The findings suggest that practising towel reuse activities depends on an internally derived sense of obligation to take eco‐friendly action, attitude, overall image, and environmental awareness. The salient role of moral obligation in building the towel reuse intention was also uncovered. Moreover, towel reuse behaviour in everyday life had a significant moderating role in the proposed theoretical framework. Overall, towel reuse intentions in guests were sufficiently accounted for by research variables. This study adds to the extant literature in hospitality and environmental behaviour by offering meaningful insights into how normative, volitional, habitual, and cognitive processes relate to eco‐friendly decisions while guests are staying at a hotel.
The heterogeneous relationship between board social ties and corporate environmental responsibility in an emerging economy
Authors: Zou Hailiang , Xie Xuemei , Qi Guoyou , Yang Mengyu 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFirms in emerging economies are faced with multiple, incompatible institutional forces in their environmental activities. Which of these forces will be dominant and instantiated within an organization is partly determined by the social relationships that a firm maintains with external actors. This paper investigates the relationship between board social ties and the level of environmental responsibility undertaken by firms in China, an emerging economy, by categorizing board social ties into three types in terms of the three isomorphic forces in the institutional field (coercive, normative and mimetic). Drawing on institutional and agency theories, using a sample of listed firms in environmentally sensitive industries, and a generalized least squares regression method, the results provide empirical evidence that ties that are linked to coercive and normative forces (i.e., political organizations and universities) are related to a higher level of environmental responsibility; however, those that are linked to mimetic forces (i.e., industrial peers) have a negative association with environmental responsibility, which is mitigated by CEO power. These findings suggest that the heterogeneous effects of board social ties on environmental responsibilities experienced by firms in a context of environmentalism are at an early stage.
Incidence trend and conditional survival estimates of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: A large population‐based study
Authors: Zhong Qing , Chen Qi‐Yue , Xie Jian‐Wei , Wang Jia‐Bin , Lin Jian‐Xian , Lu Jun , Cao Long‐Long , Lin Mi , Tu Ru‐Hong , Huang Ze‐Ning , Lin Ju‐Li , Li Ping , Zheng Chao‐Hui , Huang Chang‐Ming 
Published: June 2018

AbstractGiven the rarity and indolent clinical course of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP‐NETs), conditional survival might be the most suitable parameter for cancer survivors who wish to receive accurate prognostic information during follow‐up. We have explored the updated incidence trend and the conditional survival of patients with GEP‐NETs. Incidence trends from 2000 to 2014 were determined through an assessment of patients in the SEER cancer registry. Patients diagnosed between 1988 and 2011 were included in the conditional survival analysis, and the 3‐year conditional cancer‐specific survival (CCS3) was computed. The incidence of GEP‐NETs, which is far higher than the incidence of many malignant tumors, is still increasing steadily (annual percentage change = 4.4). The risk of death from NETs is dynamic over time, and most deaths occur in the first 3 years after diagnosis. Patients with gastric, rectal, or appendiceal NETs hardly exhibit any excess mortality (CCS3 > 95%) given that they have already survived until a defined time‐point within 10 years. The initial difference between each age group basically disappeared with an extension of the survival time since the initial diagnosis of gastric, appendiceal, or rectal NETs, but the difference persisted for tumors at other sites. Although patients with advanced‐stage or higher‐grade tumors have a worse survival at diagnosis than patients with early‐stage or lower‐grade tumors, the difference diminishes and might even disappear over time. For GEP‐NETs that are rare but exhibit slow growth, clinically relevant variations in conditional survival were observed based on the time since diagnosis. Therefore, conditional survival can serve as a guideline that can be used by cancer survivors to plan their future and doctors to plan surveillance schedules.
Extensive or partial first rib resection for thoracic outlet syndrome? The contribution of three‐dimensional imaging to the preoperative planning and the postoperative evaluation
Authors: Spartalis Eleftherios , Spartalis Michael , Tsilimigras Diamantis I. , Moris Demetrios , Garmpis Nikolaos , Damaskos Christos , Dimitroulis Dimitrios , Troupis Theodore , Tomos Periklis 
Published: June 2018

Key Clinical MessageTransaxillary partial excision of the first rib is associated with minimal morbidity and excellent relief of symptoms of thoracic outlet syndrome due to instant and permanent obviation of the external arterial compression. Three‐dimensional imaging offers incremental value of the surgical outcome, highlighting the role of minimally invasive partial resection.
Conceptual Design of a Once‐Through Gas‐to‐Liquid Process Combined with Ammonia Synthesis
Authors: Ostadi Mohammad , Hillestad Magne 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRecently, a new process has been proposed for a once‐through gas‐to‐liquid (GTL) plant suitable for offshore applications. Here, cogeneration of ammonia is suggested. This is firstly because the main ingredients for ammonia production, i.e., nitrogen and hydrogen, are available in the proposed GTL process. Secondly, cogeneration of ammonia increases the commercial attractiveness of the GTL process. The proposed ammonia process is simple as it does not require separate water‐gas‐shift reactors and a CO2 capture unit, which are typically necessary in an ammonia process. The combined GTL‐ammonia process is autonomous in the sense that it is self‐sufficient with power and water and, therefore, well‐suited for production in remote locations such as a floating production unit. The extra ammonia production will increase significantly the total revenues, which makes the combined process commercially attractive.
Sustainable Conversion of Glycerol into Value‐Added Chemicals by Selective Electro‐Oxidation on Pt‐Based Catalysts
Authors: Zhou Yongfang , Shen Yi , Piao Jinhua 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by Shen's group from the South China University of Technology (China). The image shows glycerol electro‐oxidation over a series of Pt‐based catalysts in alkaline solutions. The activity and product distribution of glycerol oxidation could be optimized by tuning the catalyst composition and the applied potentials. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/celc.201800309.
Hydraulic failure by underseepage of dykes and levees
Authors: BRANDL Heinz , SZABO Marek 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe increase in frequency, magnitude and duration of floods during the past decades has become an outstanding challenge to geotechnical engineering. When dykes or levees do not have a cut‐off wall fully penetrating the aquifer, underseepage may occur during high river levels. In such cases, appropriate measures against hydraulic fracture require comprehensive knowledge of failure modes of dams, dykes and levees. The installation of water pressure relief elements at the landside toe zone of dykes and dams has proven successful. The paper focuses on different relief systems based on mathematical approaches, laboratory and field tests, and on site observations. Finally, the hydraulic behaviour of relief drainage columns based on numerous experimental tests and numerical parametric studies is described.
Green and sustainable remediation of polluted sites: new concept, assessment tools, and challenges
Authors: REDDY Krishna , KUMAR Girish 
Published: June 2018

AbstractContaminated sites are one of the major environmental problems faced by many countries across the globe. In the United States alone, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has identified several tens of thousands of contaminated sites that need remediation, many of which are on the national priority list requiring urgent remedial action. The conventional approach to contaminated site remediation involves identifying the contaminants of concern and their site‐specific risk‐based allowable concentrations to which the contaminant concentrations at the site must be reduced by employing certain suitable remediation technologies. However, the choice of remedial technology for the contaminated site remediation is largely driven by the potential of the technology to reduce the contaminant concentrations to the target risk‐based levels, cost, time and ease of implementation of the remediation technology at the site. This approach does not address the potential negative environmental impacts from the enormous use of energy and resources by the remediation activities. Consequently, the broader environmental impacts such as the toxic air emissions, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and other environmental waste streams that result from their use are unaccounted. Hence, the net environmental benefit from the site remediation always remains questionable. In recent years, a more holistic approach of green and sustainable remediation, involving the quantification of net environmental, economic, and social impacts/benefits from site remediation activities is given great importance to achieve sustainable development. This study presents a brief overview on the concept of green and sustainable remediation along with triple bottom line sustainability assessment of the potential remedial alternatives in contaminated site remediation. A list of existing tools for sustainable remediation is identified and their relative effectiveness in sustainability assessment of remediation technologies is discussed. Finally, some of the major challenges and opportunities associated with implementation of sustainable remediation are highlighted.
Some methodological aspects of vulnerability and threat evaluation with natural geological processes in Svaneti (Georgia)
Authors: EGIAZAROVA Diana , ROGAVA David 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFor most countries, protecting the population from geological disaster, maintaining ecosystems and safe functioning of engineering‐economic objects became the most important social‐economic, demographic and ecological problem. This problem is present in Georgia, where the mountainous relief is 70 %. Among them the main place takes Zemo Svaneti region, located on the south slope of the Central Caucasus and which 66 % is located above 2000 m asl. This region is particularly vulnerable to natural geological processes, as mudslides, snow‐glacial avalanches and landslides, which have serious effect on the human's life, infrastructure, ecology etc. Large activation of geological disaster is due to climate change, human's high pressure on geological environment and often earthquakes. To identify the hazards and risks of geological disaster, it is necessary to rate the situation, to identify the processes with considering baseline substrates and external promoting factors, also to region processes according to individual hazards with management and engineering events.
Untersuchung und Sanierung von Rutschungen in heterogen geschichtetem Baugrund
Authors: JUNG Stefan 
Published: June 2018

KurzfassungZur erdstatischen Berechnung von Rutschungen sind diskrete Schichtfolgen bei heterogen geschichtetem Baugrund mit engräumig wechselnden Böden mittels analytischer und numerischer Methoden meist nicht zutreffend modellierbar. Zudem sind häufig auch unstetige Sickerwasserführungen und Stauwasser‐bildungen verantwortlich für lokal reduzierte Scherfestigkeiten und eintretende Verformungen. Eine geeignete Vorgehensweise zur Untersuchung und Sanierung derart unstetiger Baugrundverhältnisse wird am Beispiel einer Rutschung einer ehemaligen, 40 m tiefen Kiesgrube mit 500 m langen Böschungen in der bayerischen Süßwassermolasse aufgezeigt. Anhand von erdstatischen Parameterstudien wurden Einflussfaktoren untersucht und in Berechnungsmodellen zusammengefasst, die durch Rückrechnung eingetretener Rutschungen kalibriert und verifiziert wurden. Im Zuge des Risikomanagements wurden Gefährdungspotentiale beurteilt und auf Grundlage der Berechnungsergebnisse zielgerichtete Sanierungsvarianten erarbeitet.
Levees categorization in Zagreb area
Authors: RAVNJAK Katarina , GRGET Goran , MATEŠIĆ Leo , DAŠIĆ Goran 
Published: June 2018

AbstractOn the Sava River in Zagreb area, levees were built for flood protection. In September 2010 there was levee breach on the right river bank and wide populated area was flooded. In many other locations on the levees there have been intensified seepage detected. In order to explore the problems more thoroughly and take measures that would mitigate the risk from flooding, an analysis of the existing state of these levees with their categorization was made. Within it, a detailed visual inspection was carried out with the annotations and photo documentation. In the next step followed the geotechnical investigation works and numerical analysis. The final categorization and assessment was made based on these results. This categorization provided exact locations where specific actions need to be taken: wide range of actions from the visual inspection of regular river watch to the installation of monitoring equipment and monitoring itself. The aim of this article is to present the results of detailed categorization on newly discovered critical sections and on those that were already known as critical.
Predicting the impact of underground constructions on adjacent structures as an element of investment risk assessment
Authors: BOGUSZ Witold , GODLEWSKI Tomasz 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAs highly urbanized areas are becoming more populated, the need for further investments increases. Due to high land prices in the cities’ centres, investors often tend to make the most of available space above ground. At the same time, every year, the underground space is being developed to a larger extent. An underground part of a structure can often stretch across the entire available land, while an excavation is protected by retaining walls constructed directly next to existing buildings and infrastructures. One of the main challenges associated with underground structures, including tunnels, metro lines, and any kind of deep excavation, is the impact of the new investment on existing structures adjacent to the developed site. As these structures are often highly susceptible to excavation‐induced ground movements, their behaviour should be considered as one of the geotechnical‐related limit states. The paper discusses the impact of new investments on existing structures as a way of assessing and managing geotechnical risk inherent in the use of underground space.
Risk mitigation measures against falling rock at Jelicni vrh
Authors: JOVIČIĆ Vojkan , GALUF Saša , MUHIĆ Elvir 
Published: June 2018

AbstractJelični Vrh is a steep cliff located above the main road Ljubljana –Idrija on the important connection between the Slovenian Central and Primorska regions. The falling rock is constantly endangering the traffic on the road. Additionally, there is an overhang block of rock at the top of the cliff that distinguishes this location in terms of high geotechnical hazard. The risk assessment for the management of the geotechnical hazard assessed two scenarios, one for constantly falling rock and the second for the major rock fall event, which can be caused by the fall of the overhang blocks. The block of the overhang rock was assessed for the stability conditions and for the wider consequences of the passible fall. Several different solutions for the management of the geotechnical hazard, which were proposed, are described in the paper. The combination of the energy absorbing nets and the 105 m long reinforced concrete gallery were accepted as an optimum solution.
Gallery as rockfall protection measures on roads
Authors: KALKOVALIEVA TODOROSKA Sofija , STOILOVSKI Borche , JAKIMOVSKI Stole , SOTIROSKI Ljupco 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe risk represents probability for activation of certain geological processes, i.e. processes in geological area provoked from technical activity, including material damages and human victims. The hazard represents probability for activation of certain geological or process in geological area provoked from technical activity, including its intensity and scope. During risk assessment should take into consideration the fact that it is necessary to analyze the potential risks in future. The proper approach for risk management is reducing the risk level, if it's economically and commercial practicable. This paper includes risks assessment and the protection measures on the express road direction A3, section Ohrid – Peshtani and all necessary investigation works performed in order to obtain geotechnical features of the present soil materials and rock formations, essential for the presented analysis.
Construction management in zones with landslide risk
Authors: LUNGU Irina , COPILAU Jenel , STANCIU Anghel , BEJAN Florin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe general programmes for risk management related to landslide are focused on developing societies able to manage this phenomenon, in order to reduce post‐event losses and initiate an economical and social recovery cycle as short as possible. These programmes are continuously upgraded and developed mainly on the basis of geo‐engineering research. Research outputs are useful in improving legal documents in order to promote the land use by acknowledging its value as economic development resource that should be responsibly used. The regional vulnerability to landslides in Romania is marked as high, especially in projects with a high rate of implementation during the last decade. The paper presents proposals of some structured approaches in construction management related to landslide prone zones, for infrastructure projects in the metropolitan areas of cities; the proposals are accompanied by the analysis of the current applied geotechnical engineering methodology in order to reduce the landslide risk related to Slatina town in Romania.
Transforming tomorrow with innovative steel solutions for flood protection
Authors: MACIJAUSKAS Darius , HECHLER Oliver , GREGOR Oliver 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis article describes innovative steel sheet pile solutions to protect urban areas from floodings. Recent examples, like the successful protection of the Weser Stadium in Bremen against storm surge Axel in 2017, demonstrate that steel sheet pile walls are fast to implement and fit for purpose during a hazardous event. In addition, steel sheet piles, as construction product, are a major actor in the circular economy. It's because they can be re‐used up to 10 times, and later recycled into new steel products. Finally, a method to evaluate water discharge through steel sheet pile walls is presented and reworked with examples for practical application.