bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infant Care Self-Efficacy
Authors: Froman Robin D. , Owen Steven V. 
Published: November 2024

As attention in health care turns to prevention and health promotion, identification of populations at risk for avoiding care becomes increasingly important. The Infant Care Survey (ICS) is a scale to assess self-efficacy expectations for infant care tasks.Reliability and validity estimates for the ICS are supportive. Descriptions of content, factorial, and construct validation are given. Finally, ongoing research is described, and suggestions for use of the ICS are offered.
The Relationship of Attitude, Subjective Norm, and Behavioral Intent to the Documentation Behavior of Nurses
Authors: Renfroe Darlene H. , O’Sullivan Patricia S. , McGee Gail W. 
Published: November 2024

Ajzen and Fishbein’s theory of reasoned action was used to assess the relationship of nurses’ attitude, subjective norm, and behavioral intention to their documentation behavior. Attitudes, subjective norms, and behavioral intentions toward documentation were elicited from 108 staff nurses. Documentation behavior was based on what should be documented inartyhospitalized patient’s chart during a shift.This exploratory model was analyzed with LISREL VI. The overall fit of the final model to the data was good, as judged by a chi-square (df= 7,p= .845). The total coefficient of determination for the structural equation was .461.Attitude toward documentation did not relate significantly to intention to document optimally. Subjective norm did have a significant effect on behavioral intent. Attitude and subjective norm accounted for 46.1% of the variance in behavioral intent. Behavioral intent had a significant effect on documentation behavior, accounting for 15.2% of the variance.It appears that subjective norm, which is the influence of others, is what directs the intention to document and thus relates to subsequent documentation. Recommendations for practice include the communication of high ideals and expectations of important others to the staff nurse in order to improve the quality of documentation.
Violent Psychiatric Inpatients in a Public Hospital
Authors: Morrison Eileen F. 
Published: November 2024

Violence in inpatient psychiatric settings is a clinically significant and relevant problem requiring attention by the psychiatric community. Despite the prevalence of research on violent behavior, few nursing studies have been conducted that explore the components of nursing care that may influence the amount of violence occurring in inpatient psychiatric settings. The purpose of the study was to identify the characteristics of violent patients and the components of nursing care that are related to violent patient behavior.A qualitative study was conducted using participant observation and grounded theory methodology. Data were collected in a metropolitan public hospital over a 9-month period. Six categories of violent patients were identified during data analysis: (1) the user, (b) the outlaw, (c) the rebel without a cause, (d) the little big man, (e) the child, and (6) the vamp. Implications of the study for clinicians working in inpatient psychiatric settings are discussed.
The Effects of Waterbeds on Heart Rate in Preterm Infants
Authors: Deiriggi Pamela S. , Miles Karen E. 
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of waterbeds on heart rate (HR) in preterm infants. Subjects were 22 medically stable preterm infants. Across a 10-day study, HR was determined for a 1-hour period on each day. Baseline HRs with infants on the standard incubator mattress were obtained on the first 2 days of the study. They were then placed on the waterbed for 4 days. They were then returned to the incubator mattress and studied for 4 more days. Infants served as their own controls among baseline, on-waterbed (On-WB) and off-waterbed (Off-WB) periods. HR was determined by using a heart beat counting feature of the neonatal cardio-respiratory monitors.Analysis of variance revealed significant HR variability among subjects. There was no difference between baseline HR and on-waterbed HR. The HR increased when infants were transferred back to the standard mattress. The possibility that theophylline acted as a confound existed because doses were changed and levels varied for some subjects within the study period. Eight infants responded to the waterbed with lower HR during the On-WB period compared to the baseline (mean reduction = 5.7 bpm).The findings that HRs rose when the infants were returned to the incubator mattress are similar to those of a previous study. The subjects’ reactivity to changes in treatment condition continues to confound the question as to whether waterbed therapy effects a reduction in HR. Since waterbeds have consistently resulted in soothing effects such as improved sleep and lowered activity, failure to produce a concomitant reduction in HR warrants attention toward other factors that may be determinants of heart rate. The high variability within and among subjects raises questions as to the usefulness of the HR variable for determining energy costs.
Cellular and molecular microbial diversity of the Mediterranean sponge Agelas oroides (Demospongiae, Agelasida).
Authors: Ruiz César , Vacelet Jean , Corallo Flore , Simmler Charlotte , Ereskovsky Alexander 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Agelas oroides (Schmidt 1864) is a widely distributed Mediterranean sponge inhabiting shallow coralligenous formations as well as mesophotic depths. Although this species has been extensively studied for its specialized metabolites (e.g. bromo-pyrrole alkaloids), little is known about its internal organization, cellular components and associated prokaryotes. This study aims at describing the histology and cytology of Agelas oroides, while providing in depth (DNA metabarcoding) analysis of the high abundant microbial community associated with this species. Macroscopically differentiable sponge body parts (orange external and off-white internal) were analyzed separately. Additionally, sponge eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells were organized in two enriched fractions following a separation by centrifugation. Electron microscopy observations revealed low quantities of sponge cells in the ectosome compared to the choanosome. A. oroides has low sponge cell diversity and these cells are loosely distributed in the mesohyl. Two types of amoeboid cells harbor big vacuoles and specific spherical inclusions. The prokaryotic community is primarily composed of bacteria (35 phyla) with Pseudomonadota, Acidiobacteria, and Candidatus Poribacteriota being the most abundant. These community exhibits a homogeneous composition across the different body parts. The archaea community is represented by 8 Amplicon Sequence Variant (ASV), all of them assigned to the Nitrosopumilus genus (Thermoproteota phylum). Statistical differences in microbial composition and abundance were noted between the enriched eukaryotic and prokaryotic fractions. Each fraction was characterized by specific core communities suggesting differential functionalities of the assigned ASV. This work sets the basis for future analyses aiming at correlating both sponge eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic diversities with the chemical composition of this sponge species.
Prevalence of pulmonary hypertension and associated factors among rheumatic heart disease patients in Ethiopia.
Authors: Gedefaw Asmamaw , Ayele Yihealem , Tefera Abiyot , Wudie Gebeyaw , Yirdaw Agerye , Demilew Tadele 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
In developing countries evidences regarding pulmonary hypertension (PH) in rheumatic heart disease (RHD) patients are lacking, despite being responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. As a result, identifying the factors that influence PH is crucial to improve the quality of care.
Objective
To determine prevalence of pulmonary hypertension and its associated factors among rheumatic heart disease patients at the public hospitals of Bahir Dar city, Ethiopia, 2023.
Methods
An institution based prospective cross-sectional study was conducted among RHD patients who had follow up at the two public hospitals of Bahir Dar city from January 2022 to December 2023. It involved 310 patients selected by systematic random sampling technique. Pretested, structured, and interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to collect sociodemographic and diseases related parameters. Transthoracic echocardiography by cardiologist was used to assess PH. Data were entered using Epidata Manager version 4.6 and analyzed using SPSS version 27. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify determinants of PH, considering with a p-value of < 0.05 as statically significant, with a 95% confidence interval.
Results
The meansystolic pulmonary arterial pressure (sPAP) of the participants was 50.2 mmHg [SD ± 25.0mmHg]. The prevalence of PH among RHD patients was 56.5% (95% CI 50.9–61.9) from which 51.4% had severe PH. Severe mitral valve stenosis (AOR 7.8, 95% CI 2.4–25.7), duration of illness ≥ 3 years (AOR 7.7, 95% CI 2.1–28.5), and diuretics use (AOR 5.6, 95% CI 2.2–14.3) were factors associated with PH. In contrast, valvular intervention (AOR 0.06, 95% CI 0.01–0.29) and LVEF ≥ 50% (AOR 0.14, 95% CI 0.02–0.81) were found to be protective factors.
Conclusions
The prevalence of PHamong RHD patients in Ethiopia is high and associates with having sever mitral valve stenosis, long duration of illness, and diuretics use. Having valvular intervention and LVEF of ≥ 50% were found to be protective factors. As a result, these factors need to be addressed to improve PH related morbidity & mortality in RHD patients.
Evolution, composition, and chemical processes of submicron aerosols from Indian megacity: Factor analysis from Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM)
Authors: Panda Upasana , Dey Supriya , Sharma Amit , Singh Aishwarya , Reyes-Villegas Ernesto , Darbyshire Eoghan , Carbone Samara , Das Trupti , Allan James , McFiggans Gordon , Ravikrishna R. , Coe Hugh , Liu Pengfei , Gunthe Sachin S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Wintertime non-refractory submicron particulate matter (NR-PM1) species were measured in Delhi with an Aerodyne Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM) during February–March 2018. The average NR-PM1 mass concentration throughout the study was 58.0 ± 42.6 µg m− 3, where the contribution of organic aerosol (OA) was 69% of the total NR-PM1. In Delhi, chloride (10%) was the main inorganic contributor, followed by ammonium (8%), sulfate (7%), and nitrate (6%), contrasting with the prevalence of sulfate in most urban environments. Source apportionment analysis of the OA identified five major factors, including three primary contributors: hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA), biomass burning OA (BBOA), cooking-related OA (COA) and two secondary contributors: oxygenated primary OA (OPOA), and more-oxidized oxygenated OA (MO-OOA). A 19% rise in OPOA concentration was observed during high chloride episodes, suggesting the potential role of chloride in the atmospheric chemical transformation of OA. Traffic emissions significantly contribute to ambient OA, accounting for at least 41% of the total OA mass. Furthermore, the OA exhibited low oxidation levels regardless of its source. The f44:f43 analysis revealed slower atmospheric oxidization of OA compared to other urban locations worldwide. Further investigations, including chamber experiments tailored to the Delhi atmosphere, are necessary to elucidate the atmospheric oxidants and the genesis of secondary OA alongside primary emissions.
Expression in Immune Cells of New Conceptus Signaling Markers Optimizes Prediction of Pregnancy in Beef Cattle
Authors: Feltrin Isabella Rio , Melo Gabriela Dalmaso , Freitas Pedro Pisani , Morelli Karine Galhego , Binelli Mario , Membrive Claudia Maria Bertan , Pugliesi Guilherme 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

In beef cattle, estrous synchronization aiming a second artificial insemination (AI) requires a reliable estimation of the pregnancy status 20 days (D20) after the first AI. The hypothesis is that the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs; ISG15, OAS1, RSAD2, and IFI44) and cytokines (IL1β and IL10) in mononuclear (PBMC) and polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells is regulated by interferon-τ (IFN-τ) and predicts the pregnancy status. PBMC and PMN were isolated from non-pregnant beef cows (N=9), 10-12 days post-ovulation (D0), and stimulated with 100 ng/mL recombinant ovine (ro) IFN-τ or with pooled uterine flush (UF) from D18 pregnant cows. Both roIFNT and UF stimulated the expression of ISG15, RSAD2, and IFI44 in PBMC and PMN. Expression of IL1β was reduced by UF in both PBMC and PMN. On another experiment, PMN were isolated, and luteal blood perfusion was measured on D20 post-timed-AI in beef females. The accuracy of ISG expression and luteal blood perfusion to predict the pregnancy outcome was determined by ROC curve analysis. All gene combinations were tested, and the best association for increased accuracy (92.7%) and reduction of false-negative results (0.9%, 2/233) was obtained through the combination of the four ISGs (ISG15, OAS1, RSAD2, and IFI44). The criterion was that if the expression levels of at least one of the four genes were greater than the predefined cutoffs, the animal would be considered pregnant. In conclusion, the expression of ISGs and IL1β was upregulated by roIFNT and UF from pregnancy cows. The combined expression of classical (ISG15 and OAS1) and non-classical (RSAD2and IFI44) ISGs provided the greatest predictive accuracy of the pregnancy status on D20 in females with active CL by Doppler and is a potential tool to be used in reproductive programs for beef cattle.
Adapting agriculture to climate change via productivity and inputs channels: A decomposition analysis
Authors: Xiang Tao , Malik Tariq , Li Fan , Cao Hui , Du Yuneng , Li Sihan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Early empirical research on the impact of climate change lacks consistency due to variations in dependent variables chosen. Using a dataset of 140 countries from 1961 to 2013, this study explore adaptations through the total factor productivity (TFP) channel and the input factor channel by focusing on agricultural output as the dependent variable. Findings indicate that one standard deviation downward of precipitation leads to a 2.3% reduction in agricultural output, with 60% attributed to TFP decrease. Conversely, one standard deviation upward of temperature increases output by 1.2%, driven by a positive input effect surpassing TFP losses. Agricultural inputs' responses vary across countries, with developing countries experiencing declines in response to precipitation shifts. Developed countries demonstrate higher adaptive capacity, emphasizing the need for targeted improvements in input markets, especially in developing countries, to enhance resilience against climate change threats.
A Comparative Study of Rigid Three-Dimensional Image Registration Methods for Powder Bed Fusion with Laser Beam of Metals Using a Gold Standard Approach
Authors: Chand Keerthana , Fritsch Tobias , Oster Simon , Ulbricht Alexander , Poka Konstantin , Bruno Giovanni 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

In Additive Manufacturing (AM), precise rigid three-dimensional (3D) image registration between X-ray Computed Tomography (XCT) scans and Computer-Aided Design (CAD) models is an important step for the quantification of distortions in produced parts. Given the absence of standardized benchmarks for image registration in AM, we introduce a gold standard for 3D image registration, using a reference base plate beneath the build structure. This gold standard is used to quantify the accuracy of rigid registration, with a proof of concept demonstrated in PBF-LB/M. In this study, we conduct a comparative analysis of various rigid 3D registration methods useful for quality assurance of PBF-LB/M parts including feature-based, intensity-based, and point cloud-based approaches. The performance of each registration method is evaluated using measures of alignment accuracy based on the gold standard and computational efficiency. Our results indicate significant differences in the efficacy of these methods, with point cloud based Coherent Point Drift (CPD) showing superior performance in both alignment and computational efficiency. The rigidly registered 3D volumes are used to estimate the deformation field of the printed parts relative to the nominal CAD design using Digital Volume Correlation (DVC). The quality of the estimated deformation field is assessed using the Dice score metric. This study provides insights into methods for enhancing the precision and reliability of AM process.
Identification of Use Cases, Target Groups, and Motivations Around Adopting Smart Speakers for Health Care and Social Care Settings: Scoping Review
Authors: Merkel Sebastian , Schorr Sabrina 
Published: November 2024

Background
Conversational agents (CAs) are finding increasing application in health and social care, not least due to their growing use in the home. Recent developments in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and natural language processing have enabled a variety of new uses for CAs. One type of CA that has received increasing attention recently is smart speakers.

Objective
The aim of our study was to identify the use cases, user groups, and settings of smart speakers in health and social care. We also wanted to identify the key motivations for developers and designers to use this particular type of technology.

Methods
We conducted a scoping review to provide an overview of the literature on smart speakers in health and social care. The literature search was conducted between February 2023 and March 2023 and included 3 databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Sociological Abstracts), supplemented by Google Scholar. Several keywords were used, including technology (eg, voice assistant), product name (eg, Amazon Alexa), and setting (health care or social care). Publications were included if they met the predefined inclusion criteria: (1) published after 2015 and (2) used a smart speaker in a health care or social care setting. Publications were excluded if they met one of the following criteria: (1) did not report on the specific devices used, (2) did not focus specifically on smart speakers, (3) were systematic reviews and other forms of literature-based publications, and (4) were not published in English. Two reviewers collected, reviewed, abstracted, and analyzed the data using qualitative content analysis.

Results
A total of 27 articles were included in the final review. These articles covered a wide range of use cases in different settings, such as private homes, hospitals, long-term care facilities, and outpatient services. The main target group was patients, especially older users, followed by doctors and other medical staff members.

Conclusions
The results show that smart speakers have diverse applications in health and social care, addressing different contexts and audiences. Their affordability and easy-to-use interfaces make them attractive to various stakeholders. It seems likely that, due to technical advances in artificial intelligence and the market power of the companies behind the devices, there will be more use cases for smart speakers in the near future.
Developing an ICD-10 Coding Assistant: Pilot Study Using RoBERTa and GPT-4 for Term Extraction and Description-Based Code Selection
Authors: Puts Sander , Zegers Catharina M L , Dekker Andre , Bermejo Iñigo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
The International Classification of Diseases (ICD), developed by the World Health Organization, standardizes health condition coding to support health care policy, research, and billing, but artificial intelligence automation, while promising, still underperforms compared with human accuracy and lacks the explainability needed for adoption in medical settings.

Objective
The potential of large language models for assisting medical coders in the ICD-10 coding was explored through the development of a computer-assisted coding system. This study aimed to augment human coding by initially identifying lead terms and using retrieval-augmented generation (RAG)–based methods for computer-assisted coding enhancement.

Methods
The explainability dataset from the CodiEsp challenge (CodiEsp-X) was used, featuring 1000 Spanish clinical cases annotated with ICD-10 codes. A new dataset, CodiEsp-X-lead, was generated using GPT-4 to replace full-textual evidence annotations with lead term annotations. A Robustly Optimized BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) Pretraining Approach transformer model was fine-tuned for named entity recognition to extract lead terms. GPT-4 was subsequently employed to generate code descriptions from the extracted textual evidence. Using a RAG approach, ICD codes were assigned to the lead terms by querying a vector database of ICD code descriptions with OpenAI’s text-embedding-ada-002 model.

Results
The fine-tuned Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach achieved an overall F1-score of 0.80 for ICD lead term extraction on the new CodiEsp-X-lead dataset. GPT-4-generated code descriptions reduced retrieval failures in the RAG approach by approximately 5% for both diagnoses and procedures. However, the overall explainability F1-score for the CodiEsp-X task was limited to 0.305, significantly lower than the state-of-the-art F1-score of 0.633. The diminished performance was partly due to the reliance on code descriptions, as some ICD codes lacked descriptions, and the approach did not fully align with the medical coder’s workflow.

Conclusions
While lead term extraction showed promising results, the subsequent RAG-based code assignment using GPT-4 and code descriptions was less effective. Future research should focus on refining the approach to more closely mimic the medical coder’s workflow, potentially integrating the alphabetic index and official coding guidelines, rather than relying solely on code descriptions. This alignment may enhance system accuracy and better support medical coders in practice.