bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of latitudinally displaced gravity wave forcing in the lower stratosphere on the polar vortex stability
Authors: Samtleben Nadja , Jacobi Christoph , Pišoft Petr , Šácha Petr , Kuchař Aleš 
Published: July 2019

Abstract. In order to investigate the impact of a locally confined gravity wave (GW) hotspot, a sensitivity study based on simulations of the middle atmosphere circulation during northern winter was performed with a nonlinear, mechanistic, general circulation model.
To this end, we selected a fixed longitude range in the East Asian region (120–170∘ E) and a latitude range from 22.5 to 52.5∘ N between 18 and 30 km for the hotspot region, which was then shifted northward in steps of 5∘.
For the southernmost hotspots, we observe a decreased stationary planetary wave (SPW) with wave number 1 (SPW 1) activity in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere, i.e., fewer SPWs 1 are propagating upwards.
These GW hotspots lead to a negative refractive index, inhibiting SPW propagation at midlatitudes.
The decreased SPW 1 activity is connected to an increased zonal mean zonal wind at lower latitudes.
This, in turn, decreases the meridional potential vorticity gradient (qy) from midlatitudes towards the polar region.
A reversed qy indicates local baroclinic instability, which generates SPWs with wave number 1 in the polar region, where we observe a strong positive Eliassen–Palm (EP) divergence.
As a result, the EP flux increases towards the polar stratosphere (corresponding to enhanced SPW 1 amplitudes), where the SPWs with wave number 1 break, and the zonal mean zonal wind decreases.
Thus, the local GW forcing leads to a displacement of the polar vortex towards lower latitudes.
The effect of the local baroclinic instability indicated by the reversed qy also produces SPWs with wave number 1 in the lower mesosphere.
The effect on the dynamics in the middle atmosphere due to GW hotspots that are located northward of 50∘ N is negligible, as the refractive index of the atmosphere is strongly negative in the polar region.
Thus, any changes in the SPW activity due to the local GW forcing are quite ineffective.
IDENTIFICAÇÃO DAS ZONAS DE RECARGA E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DOS SISTEMAS FREÁTICOS DE IPORÁ - GO.
Authors: De Sousa Flavio Alves 
Published: July 2019

– Neste trabalho foram mapeadas as áreas de recarga do lençol freático no município de Iporá, bem como as características como litologia, tipo de solos e ocupação das terras. Foi desenvolvido através de diversas frentes, como: mapeamento e identificação das áreas de recarga através de imagem de satélite e uso de software de geoprocessamento; caracterização dos tipos de solos relacionados às zonas de recarga; medição da condutividade hidráulica dos solos nas zonas de recarga; caracterização do sistema freático e utilização de cálculos para estimativa de recarga, reserva permanente e reserva explotável. Foram identificados dois sistemas freáticos: aquífero fraturado e de dupla porosidade, sendo o de dupla porosidade desenvolvido em formações sedimentares como Furnas, Ponta Grossa e Aquidauana e o fraturado sobre rochas cristalinas como granitos e gnaisses, além de rochas alcalinas como gabros e piroxenitos. Os aquíferos apresentam reservas estimadas baixas devido ao tipo de estrutura geológica predominante no município se constituída por rochas fraturadas. Palavras-chave: Freático; explotação; recarga.
How Not to Analyze Israel: On the Limits of Moral Judgment
Authors: Gur Haviv Rettig 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Two authors have produced two very different books about Israel, one a warning about its growing illiberalism and the other an argument that increasing pressure on Israel, including through violence, was the only historically successful way for outside powers to bring the Jewish state to compromise on the Palestinian issue. Together, the two books form a coherent whole, a narrative of an Israel that has grown comfortable with occupation even as its domestic fractures tear away at its democratic foundations. But these arguments are more anxiety than fact, condensing complex historical developments into the confines of narrow moral judgments. Israel is demonstrably more democratic and unified today than it was in the past—no high praise for Israel of yesteryear but undermining the argument about its alleged decline. And while it is certainly the case that Israel has often responded to war and terrorism with offers of ceasefire and even peace, it was the explosions of violence in the Second Intifada and Second Lebanon War that drove most Israelis to distrust peacemaking efforts for a generation. These complexities and more are missing from these books, and so render them less an examination of the real Israel and more an unintended exposition about the moral anxieties of Western observers of Israel.
Traveling Elsewheres: Afropolitanism, Americanah, and the Illocution of Travel
Authors: Òké Rónke 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This article follows a perplexing juncture in Chimamaanda Ngozi Adichie's 2013 novel Americanah: Ifemelu's choice to return back to Nigeria. Following the themes of “home,” “travel,” and “Africanness,” this article explores the link between the migration away from and to Africa and the apparent racelessness Ifemelu experiences as she crosses the fragmented racial zones between Nigeria and America. It challenges the claim that returning to Africa is counterintuitive and only a departure from the Continent is desirable, thus, analyzing the logic of travel concomitant with contemporary phenomenologies of Africanness (Afropolitanism). This analysis seeks to distinguish Afropolitanism from “Americanah” and to offer Americanah's emphasis on reverse migration as a counterweight to Afropolitanism's emphasis on extra-continental travel. Ifemelu's return opens up two questions in the context of this analysis: (1) What does the logic of travel offer to Ifemelu's racial identity as she comes to understand herself in two geospatial temporalities? and (2) What does the language of “home” as contrasted to the discomfort of travel, contributes to her ontological understandings of herself as African?
Is It Still Nationalism? A Critique of Ronald Sundstrom's “Sheltering Xenophobia”
Authors: Restrepo Daniel Alejandro 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
According to Ronald Sundstrom, nationalism shelters xenophobia by creating obstacles that prevent immigrants and refugees from attaining a sense of civic belonging. He uses the metaphor of sheltering to suggest that xenophobia becomes a by-product of nationalism in the right conditions. This is a misunderstanding of the relationship between nationalism and xenophobia. This article argues that nationalism is inseparable from xenophobia because certain core beliefs already presuppose some form of civic ostracism. These core beliefs are sovereignty and partiality. Despite the various noble causes behind nationalism—cultural preservation, survival, and liberation—its roots are grounded in the expulsion of foreign Others and preference for fellow nationals. Any attempts to reform nationalism must reckon with these two core beliefs. An ideology that abandons those beliefs would no longer be nationalism. In other words, there is no nationalism without xenophobia.
Music Teachers’ Psychological Needs and Work Engagement as Predictors of Their Well-Being
Authors: Kang Sangmi , Yoo Hyesoo 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether music teachers’ psychological needs and work engagement predicted their well-being. The term “well-being,” referring to human optimal condition, was adopted from self-determination theory (Ryan & Deci, 2001). Participants (n = 218) completed a survey that consisted of the Music Teacher Engagement Scale, the Music Teachers’ Psychological Need Measure (comprised of autonomy, competence, and relatedness), and the Subjective Well-Being Inventory (Sell & Nagpal, 1992). We conducted a stepwise multiple regression analysis using work engagement, autonomy, competence, and relatedness as the predictor variables and a composite well-being rating scale score as the criterion variable. For music teachers with 0 to 9 years and 30-plus years of experience, relatedness was the stronger predictor of well-being. However, among teachers who had 10 to 19 and 20 to 29 years of experience, competence was determined as a strong predictor.
Early Postoperative Radiographs Have No Effect on Orthopaedic Trauma Patient's Satisfaction With Their Clinic Visit
Authors: Schultz Blake J. , Bishop Julius A. , Hall Kimberley , Finlay Andrea , Gardner Michael J. 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Patient satisfaction plays a prominent role in modern orthopaedic care, reimbursement, and quality assessment, even if it runs contrary to the “standard of care.” The literature shows that routine early radiographs after acute fracture care have no impact on clinical decision-making or patient outcomes, but little is known about their effect on patient satisfaction and understanding of their injuries. We hypothesized that eliminating these radiographs would negatively influence patient satisfaction scores with their clinic visit.

Methods:
One hundred patients were prospectively enrolled after acute fracture fixation. Half the patients obtained radiographs at the 2-week follow-up visit, whereas the other half did not. All patients completed a satisfaction survey about their clinic visit.

Results:
No difference was observed between the groups in overall satisfaction with the clinic visit (P = 0.62) or complications. However, patients with radiographs were more satisfied with the surgeon's explanations of their injury and progression (P = 0.03).

Conclusion:
Eliminating routine early postoperative radiographs had no effect on overall patient satisfaction with the clinic visit, but it did affect satisfaction with the surgeon's explanation of their injury. This could save time, money, and radiation exposure without adversely affecting patient outcome or satisfaction, but an equivalent educational tool should be identified for clinic visits.
A oralidade incorporada à narrativa contemporânea de Moçambique
Authors: De Brito Daniela 
Published: July 2019

Atentando para o entrelaçamento de procedimentos orais e escritos, este artigo tem por objetivo percorrer duas manifestações ficcionais da literatura moçambicana contemporânea, os romances O sétimo juramento (2000), de Paulina Chiziane, e Neighbours (2004), de Lília Momplé, privilegiando a análise do modo como a performance dos contadores de história é encenada e qual a funcionalidade dessa representação, seja estabelecendo uma comparação entre elas, seja em uma perspectiva individualizada. Lembrando que o corpus escolhido, embora apresente muitas semelhanças, uma vez que todo trabalho que visa aproximar romances de autores diferentes tende a partir de um ponto comum, contém especificidades que serão levadas em consideração.
Conn’s Syndrome Akibat Adenoma Adrenal
Authors: Rasyid Haerani , Bakri Syakib , Kasim Hasyim , Hidayat Andi Rahmat , Syarif Syarif , Azis Abd 
Published: July 2019

Conn’s syndrome merupakan sindrom yang ditandai dengan peningkatan kadar aldosteron yang menyebabkan retensi natrium dan peningkatan ekskresi kalium melalui urin. Sindrom ini ditandai dengan trias hipokalemia, hipertensi, dan alkalosis metabolik. Artikel ini membahas mengenai laporan kasus pasien hipertensi tidak terkontrol dengan gejala neuromuskular yang diakibatkan oleh hipokalemia berulang. Setelah dilakukan evaluasi tes pencitraan, ditemukan gambaran tumor adrenal kiri dan kemudian dilakukan tindakan adrenalektomi unilateral. Hasil pemeriksaan histopatologi tumor didapatkan gambaran yang sesuai dengan adenoma adrenal. Setelah tindakan adrenalektomi unilateral, pasien menunjukkan perbaikan klinis dan laboratorium. Kata kunci : Conn’s syndrome, Hipertensi, HipokalemiaConn’s Syndrome Due to Adrenal AdenomaConn's syndrome is characterized by an increase in aldosterone level causes sodium retention and an increase in urine excretion of potassium. This syndrome is characterized by trias hypokalemia, hypertension, and metabolic alkalosis. This article discussed a case report of a patient with uncontrolled hypertension with neuromuscular symptoms caused by recurrent hypokalemia. After an evaluation of the imaging test, we found a left adrenal tumor then we performed unilateral adrenalectomy surgery. Histopathology examination from the excised tumor revealed the adrenal adenoma. After unilateral adrenalectomy, the patient showed clinical and laboratory improvement.
The Effects of Peer Tutoring on Seventh-grade Students’ Learning in Science
Authors: Ghalley Lekh Raj , Tobgay Sonam , Rai Budhi Man , Penjor Dorji , Oli Govinda , Tenlo Sonam 
Published: July 2019

Peer tutoring is a common instructional strategy used in classrooms. This study focused on the effects that peer tutoring has on students of the novice group. The effect of peer tutoring was compared based on the score of pretest and posttest to those of the control group. At the end of the tutoring session, the satisfaction of the students was accessed by administering questionnaires. Hence, this is a mix-mode research where survey questionnaire and class tests score has been used. The questionnaires consist of two parts. Part one consisted of nine closed questions using a Likert scale and in addition to the opportunity to provide free text comments and part two consists of five close ended questions using a Likert scale to assess the usefulness of the tutoring session. The posttest result showed that 7 out of 8 participants made significant progress after intervention. The student’s perceptions on the action-tutoring strategy were all positive that students were satisfied with tutoring timing, session and had found useful to be recommended with other friends. Hence, it has positive effect in learning science at class seven
Physico-chemical Characterization of Blends Based on Milk and Catole Coconut Pulp
Authors: Matos Joana D’arc P. , Figueirêdo Rossana Maria F. , Silva Luis Paulo F. R. , Moraes Maria Suiane de , Silva Semirames do N. , Costa Zanelli Russeley T. da , Queiroz José Alexandre de M. , Rodrigues Larissa Monique de S. , Vieira Agdylannah F. 
Published: July 2019

Aims: Coconut catole is the fruit of the Syagrus cearenses palm tree, whose pulp is usually eaten in its natural form. The formulation of blends is intended to improve the acceptance of fruit with potential to be exploited. The objective of this work was to evaluate the physico-chemical characteristics of the whole coconut pulp and the blends formulated with the pulp and milk.
Place and Duration of Study: The coconut catole (Syagrus cearensis) were collected in the surroundings of location 551'30 "S, 35º21'13 "O, in Rio Grande do Norte. The work was carried out from January to February 2019.
Methodology: The formulations were elaborated by mixing the proportions of 30 and 50% of standardized commercial milk with the whole catole coconut pulp. The products were submitted to the analysis of moisture, water activity (aw), titratable total acidity (TTA), total soluble solids (TSS), TSS/TTA ratio, pH, ascorbic acid, ash, lipids, proteins, color (L*, a*, b*), total sugars, reducers and non-reducers.
Results: From the results, it was observed that the addition of milk to the pulp resulted in clear samples and that a higher proportion of the milk statistically influenced the results.
Conclusion: The mixture of couscous coconut pulp and milk gave the product better nutritional characteristics, especially protein content and lipid reduction. The addition of the milk to the cocoa pulp influenced the results statistically, showing that the addition of the milk contributed to enhance the pulp.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Selected Health Facilities in Southwest Region of Cameroon
Authors: Chanyi Livinus , Nkenyi Rene , Esum Mathias 
Published: July 2019

Background: Gonorrhoea and Syphilis are common STIs, particularly among the reproductive age group in most developing countries. Their control is important considering the high incidence of acute infections, complications and their socioeconomic impact and a means of effecting control measures against Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Knowledge of the prevalence and risk factors of these infections in a student residential area will enable development of better strategies for STI control.
Methods: A health facility based historical study design was conducted where laboratory records of patients screened for Syphilis and/or Gonorrhea and HIV in selected Primary Health Care (PHC) facilities in Buea Health District (BHD) between 2010 and 2015 were reviewed. Data analysis was done using EPI Info version 3.5.4. with a level of error set at 5%.
Results: A total of 1106 records were reviewed. Majority 472(42.7%) were between 21-30 years old, while 923(83.4%) were females. A significant proportion 78 (8.1%) were HIV positive. The prevalence of the both STIs was highest in 2015. The prevalence of gonorrhoea was 12.9% and that of syphilis was 16.9%. The odds of testing positive for syphilis for female compared to males was 0.33 (95% CI: 0.18-0.62); p-value of 0.001, while that for gonorrhoea was 0.22 (95%CI: 0.11, 0.44); p-value of 0.0001. Patients between 21 and 30 years were 2.46 times as likely to be syphilis positive compared to those below 21. Compared to those tested positive, patients who were negative for were 3.33 (95%CI 1.66-6.69) times as likely to test negative for HIV (p value of 0.001).
Conclusion: The study revealed a high prevalence of gonorrhoea and syphilis. Although these infections have similar risk factors, there are distributed differently in the sexually active student residential area. This thus calls for the implementation of targeted screening and to revise control measures for STIs in the population.
Health Risk Analysis of Heavy Metals (Cr, Fe, Hg & Ni) in Edible Vegetables in Yala Urban Area of Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Akomaye Akpe, Michael , Beteluwhobel Ashishie, Providence , Patrick Inezi, Faith 
Published: July 2019

Aim: The aim of the study was to determine concentration of heavy metals in the soil and edible vegetables planted consumed Yala Urban Area of Cross River State, Nigeria, ascertained the level of metals contamination and the possible health risk or implication.
Sampling: Forty eight (48) soil and edible vegetable samples (6 of each kind of the 8 vegetables) were collected randomly from Yala Urban Area of Cross River State. The eight vegetables considered for the study were Amaranthus spp., Corchorus olitorius, Murraya koenigii, Ocimum grattissimum, Solanum melongena, Talinum triangulare, Telferia occidentalis and Vernonia amygdalina. They were collected between January and March for dry season, and July and September for rainy season of the year.
Methodology: The samples were digested and analyzed for the Cr, Fe, Hg and Ni (heavy metals) concentration using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) in the Chemistry Laboratory, University of Calabar.
Results: The results showed that the mean concentration of the metals in the soil in mgkg-1 ranged from (0.063 - 0.108) and (0.049 - 0.104) in rainy and dry seasons respectively for Cr, and (0.026 - 0.124) and (0.013 - 0.119) in rainy and dry season respectively for Fe. The mean concentration accumulated by the vegetables ranged from (0.037- 0.063) and (0.029 - 0.066) in rainy and dry season respectively for Cr and (0.012- 0.071) and (0.008- 0.086) in rainy and dry season respectively. Hg and Ni were neither detected in the soil nor in the vegetables. The trend of the metals in both the soil and vegetable was in the order: Cr > Fe> Hg> Ni. The Target Hazard Quotients were all less than 1, indicating no health risk.
Conclusion: These results suggest that there is no significant difference between the amount of metals in the soil or that accumulated by the vegetables in rainy and dry seasons of the year. Also the amount of metals accumulated by most of the vegetables was directly proportional to the amount present in the soil where they are planted. These results indicate that the concentration of Cr, Fe, Hg and Ni in the soil and vegetables were still low and within the permissible limits of WHO/FAO. Thus, the consumption of the vegetables in the area may not pose any risk at the moment.
Small-scale Farming, Agricultural Productivity and Poverty Reduction in Nigeria: The Enabling Role of Agricultural Technology Adoption
Authors: Olusayo Ojo , Adebayo Ogunniyi , Kayode Salman K. , Olagunju Kehinde , Ayodeji Iwinlade , Ogundipe Adeyemi A. 
Published: July 2019

Existing literature affirms the importance of agricultural technology adoption on productivity, income and livelihood outcomes. Evidences subsist on the adoption of improved cassava varieties (ICVs) in Nigeria but little is known about its impact among the farmers. We used data from a survey conducted by International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) to explore this research gap. Propensity Score Matching and Heckman’s two-stage model were the analytical tools. Given an estimated poverty line of (₦21717.53); 52.0% of the farmers were poor. We found that 75.6% of the respondents are adopters of ICVs. Primary occupation of household head and total non-production asset of farmers were key determinants for adoption. Adoption of improved cassava variety has positive effect on farmers’ productivity and poverty reduction. The Average Treatment Effect on the Treated (ATT) for productivity increased by 70 percent among ICVs farmers. Income was also higher among the adopters than the non- adopters by ₦43463.77. In the same vein, the income of the adopters increased by 17%. Furthermore, adopters of ICVs have the probability of reducing poverty headcount by 20%. The empirical results suggest that improved agricultural innovation adoption can play a key role in strengthening and impacting agricultural productivity of smallholder farmers for increased income generation and food security.
Immunoinformatics Approach Identified Two Highly Conserved B and T Cell Epitopes, LEASKRWAF and DSPLEASKRWAFRTG, for Effective Vaccine Design against Ebola and Marburg Viruses
Authors: Hossain Md. Shahadat , Reza Hasan Al. , Hossain Mohammad Shahnoor 
Published: July 2019

Aims: Ebola and Marburg viruses cause fatal hemorrhagic fever in both human and non-human primates. Absence of any licensed vaccine has further deteriorated the problem. In the present study, we aimed to design potential epitope based vaccines against these viruses using computational approaches.
Methodology: By using various bioinformatics tools and databases, we analyzed the conserved glycoprotein sequences of Ebola and Marburg viruses and predicted two potential epitopes which may be used as peptide vaccines.
Results: Using various B-cell and T-cell epitope prediction servers, four highly conserved epitopes were identified. Epitope conservancy analysis showed that “LEASKRWAF” and “DSPLEASKRWAFRTG” epitopes were 100% and 93.62% conserved and the worldwide population coverage of “LEASKRWAF” interacting with MHC class I molecules and “DSPLEASKRWAFRTG” interacting with MHC class II molecules were 78.74% and 75.75% respectively. Immunoinformatics analysis showed that they are highly immunogenic, flexible and accessible to antibody. Molecular docking simulation analysis demonstrated a very significant interaction between epitopes and MHC molecules with lower binding energy. Cytotoxic analysis and ADMET test also supported their potential as vaccine candidates.
Conclusion: In sum, our in silico approach demonstrated that both “LEASKRWAF” and “DSPLEASKRWAFRTG” hold the promise for the development of common vaccine against Ebola and Marburg viruses.