bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial Light‐Harvesting Systems with a Three‐Step Sequential Energy Transfer Mechanism for Efficient Photocatalytic Minisci‐Type Late‐Stage Functionalization
Authors: Zhang Rong‐Zhen , Niu Kai‐Kai , Bi Yu‐Song , Liu Hui , Han Ning , Xing Ling‐Bao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe natural process of photosynthesis involves a series of consecutive energy transfers, but achieving more steps of efficient energy transfer and photocatalytic organic conversion in artificial light‐harvesting systems (ALHSs) continues to pose a significant challenge. In the present investigation, a range of ALHSs showcasing a sophisticated three‐step energy transfer mechanism is designed, which are meticulously crafted using pillar[5]arene (WP[5]) and p‐phenylenevinylene derivative (PPTPy), utilizing host‐guest interactions as energy donors. Three distinct types of fluorescent dyes, namely Rhodamine B (RhB), Sulforhodamine 101 (SR101), and Cyanine 5 (Cy5), are employed as acceptors of energy. Starting from PPTPy‐2WP[5], energy is sequentially transferred to RhB, SR101, and Cy5, successfully constructing a multi‐step continuous energy transfer system with high energy transfer efficiency. More interestingly, as energy is progressively transferred, the efficiency of superoxide anion radical (O2•−) generation gradually increased, while the efficiency of singlet oxygen (1O2) generation decreased, achieving the transformation from type II photosensitizer to type I photosensitizer. Furthermore, in order to fully utilize the energy harvested and reactive oxygen species (ROS) obtained, the ALHSs employ a multi‐step sequential energy transfer process to enhance Minisci‐type alkylation reactions with aldehydes through photocatalysis for late‐stage functionalization in an aqueous environment, achieving a 91% yield.
Designing and Controlling Transient Supramolecular Gels
Authors: Bowley Emma L. , Bianco Simona , Stewart Fin Hallam , Wallace Chloe M. , Ginesi Rebecca E. , Loch Alex S. , Rosenthal Martin , Smith Andrew J. , Adams Dave J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSupramolecular systems are often designed such that a steady state exists. However, the ability to design systems with pre‐determined changes in state can lead to highly dynamic materials, with evolving supramolecular structures and adaptable material properties. This approach is of great interest from the perspective of designing adaptive systems as well as from a broader systems chemistry perspective. Here, we report how a transient system can be altered to access different mechanical properties and transitions by varying the trigger and temperature. The aging of these systems is also explored, as the networks continually evolve long past the common cut‐off point of analysis of one day. We therefore provide new insights into the control of transient gels, as well as an understanding as to the underpinning supramolecular structures and how they evolve with time.
The effect of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells against high fructose diet induced liver dysfunction and dysbiosis
Authors: Mohammed Marwa Abdeltawab , Hay Nesma Hussein Abel , Mohammed Maha Tarek , Mahmoud Hoda Sayed , Ahmed Manar Yehia , Abdelmenem Ahmed , Abdelrahim Dina Sayed 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHigh fructose diet (HFrD) has been approved to be involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Mesenchymal stem cells have a vital role in the treatment of various diseases including metabolic disturbances. We investigated the effect of Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) against HFrD-induced metabolic disorders and the molecular mechanisms for this effect. Rats were divided into 3 groups; control, HFrD, and combined HFrD with ADMSCs. We assessed liver functions, gut microbiota activity, oxidative stress, adiponectin, and IL10 levels. Also, we measured SREBP-1, IRS-1 expression using Western blot, and Malat1 expression using rt-PCR. ADMSCs antagonized metabolic abnormalities induced by HFrD in the form of improvement of liver functions and alleviation of oxidative stress. In addition, ADMSCs ameliorated gut microbiota activity besides the elevation of adiponectin and IL10 levels. ADMSCs attenuated insulin resistance through upregulation of IRS1 and downregulation of SREBP-1 and Malat1. ADMSCs can protect against HFrD-induced metabolic hazards.
Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage in patients with cholestasis following liver transplantation
Authors: Pape Thorben , von Garrel Tabea , Hunkemöller Anna M. , Nalbant Bahar , Vondran Florian W. R. , Richter Nicolas , Heidrich Benjamin , Schneider Andrea , Taubert Richard , von Hahn Thomas , Wedemeyer Heiner , Seeliger Benjamin , Lenzen Henrike , Stahl Klaus 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Biliary strictures are among the most common complications following liver transplantation (LT). If endoscopic retrograde cholangiography fails, percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) may serve as an alternative approach. Description of clinical important short- and long-term outcomes as well as outcome prediction following PTBD after LT are scarce.

Methods
We analyzed outcomes of 56 liver-transplanted adults with biliary complications receiving a PTBD. We described the safety and longitudinal laboratory changes. We analyzed as endpoints, incidence of biliary complications, need for surgical biliary revision/re-LT and overall-survival at 12- and 60-months. We used simple comparison tests accordingly and performed competing risk analysis and multivariate competing risk regression as well as log-rank test and cox proportional hazard regression for further analysis.

Results
PTBD procedures had a high technical success rate (98%) and tolerable safety profile. Multiple laboratory indicators improved during follow-up (37 patients with complete biochemical follow-up). Incidence of subsequent biliary complications was highly dependent on the nature of present biliary strictures (Anastomotic stricture (AS): adjusted SHR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.09–0.78, p = 0.016). Need for surgical biliary revision/re-LT remained below 15%. 12-month survival was significantly better, if drainage into the small intestine was achieved at first attempt compared to completely external drainage (internal: 92.9 vs. external: 67.9%, p = 0.018). Patients with AS had a numerically higher long-term-survival and higher C-reactive-protein (CRP) and lower body-mass-index (BMI) at baseline were significantly associated with inferior short- and long-term-survival.

Conclusion
PTBD for biliary complications following LT had a high technical success and a tolerable safety profile. Incidence of subsequent biliary complications was highly dependent on the nature of biliary strictures and increased mortality was found in patients with higher CRP, lower BMI and failure of initial PTBD internalization.

Graphical abstract
Influence of the preparation design on the retentive strength of resin-bonded attachments
Authors: Wasmund Jorge , Wille Sebastian , Kern Matthias 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Objectives
The study investigated the influence of retention grooves and material thickness of the retainer wing on the retentive strength of resin-bonded attachments (RBAs).

Materials and methods
Sixty-four extracted human molars were used. Each tooth received a preparation limited to the enamel for the retainer wings of the RBAs. The specimens were divided into eight groups, each containing eight specimens. The groups varied based on the number of conical retention grooves (0, 1, 2, or 4) and the thickness of the CoCr retainer wings (0.4 mm and 0.8 mm). Before testing the retentive strength of the RBAs, the specimens underwent 37,500 thermal cycles followed by dynamic loading of 1,200,000 cycles on the RBAs’ patrices using a chewing simulator. The debonding test was conducted using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 2 mm/min.

Results
The mean retentive strength ranged from 326 ± 96 N to 440 ± 77 N. Only a small portion of specimens (10.9%) exhibited adhesive failure, while the remainder demonstrated cohesive failure within the tooth structure. Neither the number of retention grooves, the thickness of the retainer wings, nor the size of the bonding surface significantly affected retentive strength.

Conclusions
The findings suggest that reducing the number of retention grooves and the material thickness does not influence the retentive strength of RBAs.

Clinical relevance
The retention of RBAs appears promising, supporting the clinical application of this treatment modality.
Inductive Subgraph Embedding for Link Prediction
Authors: Si Jin , Xie Chenxuan , Zhou Jiajun , Yu Shanqing , Chen Lina , Xuan Qi , Miao Chunyu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLink prediction, which aims to infer missing edges or predict future edges based on currently observed graph connections, has emerged as a powerful technique for diverse applications such as recommendation, relation completion, etc. While there is rich literature on link prediction based on node representation learning, direct link embedding is relatively less studied and less understood. One common practice in previous work characterizes a link by manipulate the embeddings of its incident node pairs, which is not capable of capturing effective link features. Moreover, common link prediction methods such as random walks and graph auto-encoder usually rely on full-graph training, suffering from poor scalability and high resource consumption on large-scale graphs. In this paper, we propose Inductive Subgraph Embedding for Link Prediciton (SE4LP) — an end-to-end scalable representation learning framework for link prediction, which utilizes the strong correlation between central links and their neighborhood subgraphs to characterize links. We sample the “link-centric induced subgraphs” as input, with a subgraph-level contrastive discrimination as pretext task, to learn the intrinsic and structural link features via subgraph classification. Extensive experiments on five datasets demonstrate that SE4LP has significant superiority in link prediction in terms of performance and scalability, when compared with state-of-the-art methods. Moreover, further analysis demonstrate that introducing self-supervision in link prediction can significantly reduce the dependence on training data and improve the generalization and scalability of model.
Voiding Dysfunction in Transgender Patients: What We Know and What We Do Not Know
Authors: Gonzalez Gabriela , Anger Jennifer T. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Transgender and non-binary patients (TGNB) undergoing gender affirming genital surgery may experience perioperative voiding dysfunction. This review aims to outline and analyze literature about gender affirming pelvic surgery urinary complications, evaluation, and treatment.

Recent Findings
If a patient is seeking bottom surgery, then urinary goals and pre-operative symptoms should be discussed with respect to variable post-operative outcomes. Urologists should also be aware of the effect that gender affirming hormone therapy has on urinary symptoms. Urethral strictures and urethrocutaneous fistulae occur after feminizing and masculinizing procedures and may manifest as LUTS. Although there is no standardized approach for managing post-operative voiding issues, we present available options.

Summary
The evaluation of TGNB patients is ideally affirming and tailored to the patient. Long-term urinary and voiding outcomes measurements after vaginoplasty and phalloplasty are also needed, as current validated questionnaires do not capture these symptoms well in TGNB patients.
Dynamic Synthetic Controls: Accounting for Varying Speeds in Comparative Case Studies
Authors: Cao Jian , Chadefaux Thomas 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSynthetic controls (SCs) are widely used to estimate the causal effect of a treatment. However, they do not account for the different speeds at which units respond to changes. Reactions may be inelastic or “sticky” and thus slower due to varying regulatory, institutional, or political environments. We show that these different reaction speeds can lead to biased estimates of causal effects. We therefore introduce a dynamic SC approach that accommodates varying speeds in time series, resulting in improved SC estimates. We apply our method to re-estimate the effects of terrorism on income (Abadie and Gardeazabal [2003, American Economic Review 93, 113–132]), tobacco laws on consumption (Abadie, Diamond, and Hainmueller [2010, Journal of the American Statistical Association 105, 493–505]), and German reunification on GDP (Abadie, Diamond, and Hainmueller [2015, American Journal of Political Science 59, 495–510]). We also assess the method’s performance using Monte Carlo simulations. We find that it reduces errors in the estimates of true treatment effects by up to 70% compared to traditional SCs, improving our ability to make robust inferences. An open-source R package, dsc, is made available for easy implementation.
Effectiveness and tolerance of enteral nutrition in critically ill patients with COVID-19
Authors: Pérez-Cruz Elizabeth , Ortiz-Gutiérrez Salvador , Castañón-González Jorge Alberto , Luna-Camacho Yuritzy , Garduño-López Jessica 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study compared the efficacy and tolerability of three enteral formulas in critically ill patients with COVID-19 who were ventilated and in the prone position: (a) immunomodulatory (IMM), (b) ω3 and (c) maltodextrins (MD). Primary outcome was the percentage of patients who received both 80 % of their protein and calorie targets at 3 d after enrolment. Secondary, mechanical ventilation-free time, ICU mortality and markers of nutritional status. Tolerance of enteral nutrition was evaluated by diarrhoea and gastroparesis rate. A total of 231 patients were included, primary outcome achieved was in ω3 group (76·5 % v. 59·7 and 35·2 %, P < 0·001) v. IMM and MD groups. Mechanical ventilation-free time was longer in ω3 and MD groups: 23·11 (sd 34·2) h and 22·59 (sd 42·2) h v. 7·9 (sd 22·6) h (P < 0·01) in IMM group. Prealbumin final was 0·203 ± 0·108 g/L and 0·203 ± 0·095 g/L in IMM and ω3 groups v 0·164 ± 0·070 g/L (p < 0·01) MD group. Transferrin were 1·515 ± 0·536 g/L and 1·521 ± 0·500 g/L in IMM and ω3 groups v 1·337 ± 0·483 g/L (p < 0·05) MD group. Increase of lymphocytes was greater in ω3 group: 1056·7 (sd 660·8) cells/mm3v. 853·3 (sd 435·9) cells/mm3 and 942·7 (sd 675·4) cells/mm3 (P < 0·001) in IMM and MD groups. Diarrhoea and gastroparesis occurred in 5·1 and 3·4 %, respectively. The findings of this study indicate that enteral nutrition is a safe and well-tolerated intervention. The ω3 formula compared with IMM and MD did improve protein and calorie targets.
Efficacy of dairy protein and essential nutrient density in formulated food products for treating severe and moderate acute malnutrition at the community level: a narrative review
Authors: Abraham Marian , Roy Choudhury Dripta , Agnihotri Satish B. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Community-based management of acute malnutrition (CMAM) relies on a food-based approach. However, a comprehensive assessment of their nutrient composition and its impact on treatment outcomes is currently lacking in the extant literature. This narrative review summarises recent evidence on the efficacy of formulations that contain dairy protein and maintain the density of essential nutrients (type I and type II) in managing uncomplicated acute malnutrition at the community level. The literature used for the evidence synthesis was identified using a two-stage screening process. An electronic search was run on PubMed and Cochrane Library, followed by a backward snowball search to identify efficacy studies. A total of twenty-six efficacy studies involving food formulations used to treat uncomplicated severe and moderate acute malnutrition were identified. The review found that, while more evidence favours the inclusion of dairy in formulations as efficacious in supporting recovery from malnutrition, ambiguity in the conclusive findings between dairy and non-dairy formulations remains due to the varied percentages of dairy protein in different formulations. The type of protein source used in a formulation matters, but other approaches, including fortification, can aid in maintaining the nutrient density of formulations, thereby improving the chances of recovery. However, the inclusion of high amounts of added sugar in therapeutic formulations exceeding the World Health Organization norms is a concern that warrants more attention. Future clinical research should assess outcomes such as lean or fat mass changes to confirm the benefits of using dairy or non-dairy formulations to treat moderate and severe acute malnutrition.
Two‐Way Option Contracts That Facilitate Adaptive Water Reallocation in the Western United States
Authors: Hirsch Zachary M. , Zeff Harrison B. , Gupta Rohini S. , Vernon Chris R. , Reed Patrick M. , Characklis Gregory W. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMany water markets in the western United States (U.S.) have the ability to reallocate water temporarily during drought, often as short‐term water rights leases from lower value irrigated activities to higher value urban uses. Regulatory approval of water transfers, however, typically takes time and involves high transaction costs that arise from technical and legal analyses, discouraging short‐term leasing. This leads municipalities to protect against drought‐related shortfalls by purchasing large volumes of infrequently used permanent water rights. High transaction costs also result in municipal water rights rarely being leased back to irrigators in wet or normal years, reducing agricultural productivity. This research explores the development of a multi‐year two‐way option (TWO) contract that facilitates leasing from agricultural‐to‐urban users during drought and leasing from urban‐to agricultural users during wet periods. The modeling framework developed to assess performance of the TWO contracts includes consideration of the hydrologic, engineered, and institutional systems governing the South Platte River Basin in Colorado where there is growing competition for water between municipalities (e.g., the city of Boulder) and irrigators. The modeling framework is built around StateMod, a network‐based water allocation model used by state regulators to evaluate water rights allocations and potential rights transfers. Results suggest that the TWO contracts could allow municipalities to maintain supply reliability with significantly reduced rights holdings at lower cost, while increasing agricultural productivity in wet and normal years. Additionally, the TWO contracts provide irrigators with additional revenues via net payments of option fees from municipalities.
Coiling eines Aneurysma spurium nach distaler Verriegelung eines proximalen Femurnagels
Authors: Rahimov Elvin , Viera Julio , Vieth Volker , Müller Marcus Christian 
Published: November 2024

ZusammenfassungDie pertrochantäre Femurfraktur ist eine der häufigsten Verletzungen des geriatrischen Patienten. Goldstandard ist die operative Therapie mittels sofort vollbelastungsstabiler Osteosynthese bspw. durch intramedulläre Implantate. In dieser Kasuistik wird die Ausbildung eines Aneurysma spurium der A. profunda femoris als Komplikation der distalen Verriegelung eines proximalen Femurnagels und die interventionell-radiologische Therapie mittels Coil-Embolisation beschrieben.
Management of Adult Patients with Newly Diagnosed or Relapsed Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia in Eastern Austria
Authors: Rast Jasmin , Schramm Theresa , Mehic Dino , Fillitz Michael , Drexel Tanja , Neusiedler-Nicolas Veronika , Ay Cihan , Pabinger Ingrid , Gebhart Johanna 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background Treatment sequence in primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is based on national and international recommendations, treatment availability, and physician expertise.
Aim This article aimed to provide real-world data on treatment sequence and responses to first- and second-line treatments in newly diagnosed and relapsed adult ITP patients.
Methods We analyzed a cohort of 46 adult ITP patients from the Vienna ITP Biobank, who started first-line therapy within 1 week before their first study visit between February 2016 and March 2023. We investigated clinical patient characteristics and patient management in our specialized center and examined the impact of the international ASH guidelines on ITP treatment.
Results Forty-six primary ITP patients, 27 (58.7%) with newly diagnosed ITP and 19 (41.3%) with relapsed ITP, were investigated. Most patients were female (65.2%) with a median platelet count of 9 × 109/L, and 31 patients (67.4%) had bleeding symptoms. All patients received first-line treatment with oral prednisolone; 15 patients received oral prednisolone combined with intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIGs), which were more commonly administered in newly diagnosed than in relapsed ITP patients. First-line therapy resulted an overall response in 82.6% of patients after a median (interquartile range [IQR]) time of 10 (5–25) days. There was no difference in treatment responses between newly diagnosed and relapsed ITP patients, but newly diagnosed patients had a shorter time to response (median [IQR]: 8 [5–14] and 14 [8–27], p = 0.02). Twenty-three (50%) of the patients (11/27 newly diagnosed [40.7%], 12/19 relapsed [63.2%]) required second-line ITP therapy. Thrombopoietin-receptor agonists (TPO-RAs) were the most commonly used second-line therapy with a response rate of 73.7%, and a median (IQR) time to treatment response of 15 (12–20) days. Overall response rates to TPO-RA treatment did not differ between newly diagnosed and relapsed ITP. Following the publication of novel guidelines in 2019, the median (IQR) duration of corticosteroid treatment shortened (100–52 days, p = 0.01), as did the time to second-line treatment (160–47 days, p = 0.01), and the median number of first-line therapies decreased from 2 (1–3) to 1 (1–2).
Conclusion Initial treatment with corticosteroids was effective in the majority of newly diagnosed and relapsed ITP. Response rates to initial corticosteroid treatment in ITP patients are consistent with previous data, but only 50% achieve sustained remission. TPO-RAs, which are well tolerated and effective, are the most commonly used second-line therapy in our study population. International guidelines have led to faster treatment transitions and reduced splenectomy rates. Integration of real-life experience, expert consensus, and guidelines optimizes ITP patient management.