bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A field experiment of walkaway distributed acoustic sensing vertical seismic profile in a deep and deviated onshore well in Japan using a fibre optic cable deployed inside coiled tubing
Authors: Kobayashi Yuki , Uematsu Yuto , Mochiji Shimpei , Xue Ziqiu 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTA two‐dimensional walkaway vertical seismic profiling survey using distributed acoustic sensing was conducted at an onshore site in Japan. The maximum depth and the deviation of the observation well were more than 4,000 m and 81 degrees, respectively. Among the several methods for installing fibre optic cables, we adopted the inside coiled tubing method, in which coiled tubing containing a fibre optic cable is deployed. The signal‐to‐noise ratio of the raw shot gather was low, possibly due to poor coupling between the fibre optic cable and the subsurface formation resulting from the fibre optic cable deployment method and the existence of considerable tubewave noise. Nevertheless, direct P‐wave arrivals, P–P reflections and P–S converted waves exhibited acceptable signal‐to‐noise ratios after careful optimization of gauge length for distributed acoustic sensing optical processing and the application of carefully parameterized tubewave noise suppression. One of the challenges in current distributed acoustic sensing vertical seismic profile data processing is the separation of P‐ and S‐waves using only one‐component measurements. Hence, we applied moveout correction using two‐dimensional ray tracing. This process effectively highlights only reflected P‐waves, which are used in subsequent subsurface imaging. Comparison with synthetic well seismograms and two‐dimensional surface seismic data confirms that the final imaging result has a sufficiently high quality for subsurface monitoring. We acquired distributed acoustic sensing vertical seismic profile data under both flowing conditions and closed conditions, in which the well was shut off and no fluid flow was allowed. The two imaging results are comparable and suggest the possibility of subsurface imaging and time‐lapse monitoring using data acquired under flowing conditions. The results of this study suggest that, by adopting the inside coiled tubing method without drilling a new observation well, more affordable distributed acoustic sensing vertical seismic profile monitoring can be achieved in fields such as CO2 capture and storage and unconventional shale projects, where monitoring costs have to be minimized.
Antioxidative Activity of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and Oregano (Origanum vulgare) Essential Oils and Their Effect on Oxidative Stability of Minced Pork Packaged Under Vacuum and Modified Atmosphere
Authors: Boskovic Marija , Glisic Milica , Djordjevic Jasna , Starcevic Marija , Glamoclija Natasa , Djordjevic Vesna , Baltic Milan Z. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe antioxidant stability of minced pork treated with thyme and oregano essential oils (EOs) was determined. Minced pork containing different concentrations (0%, 0.3%, 0.6%, or 0.9%) of thyme (TEO) or oregano essential oil (OEO) and packaged under vacuum or modified atmosphere (MAP) (30%O2/50%CO2/20%N2) was evaluated within 15 days of refrigeration (3 ± 1 °C) storage. EOs were examined for scavenging capacity toward 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl, nitric oxide radicals, and hydroxyl, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (butylated hydroxytoluene was used as positive controls). The order of antioxidative effectiveness was as follows: butylated hydroxytoluene > OEO > TEO, with significant differences between agents (P < 0.05). Lipid oxidation in meat was determined by monitoring malondialdehyde (MDA) formation and lipolysis was assessed by measuring the acidity index immediately and after 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days of storage. EOs significantly (P < 0.05) increased the stability of minced pork with respect to lipid oxidation compared with the control, and the antioxidative effect was dose‐dependent. Moreover, vacuum packaging resulted in mince with significantly lower oxidation and lipolysis levels than modified atmosphere packaged mince (P < 0.05). The results demonstrate that both EOs examined effectively reduced lipid oxidation in raw pork mince after 2 weeks’ storage.Practical ApplicationThe natural food preservatives market is growing rapidly, as is high demand for organic foods. These results are likely to be of interest to the scientists, researchers, and persons who work in the meat industry. Results and discussion can contribute to a better understanding of antioxidative properties of essential oils in food model. Furthermore, no study has reported the effect of these MAP on pork oxidative stability.
Sequence capture phylogenomics of historical ethanol‐preserved museum specimens: Unlocking the rest of the vault
Authors: Derkarabetian Shahan , Benavides Ligia R. , Giribet Gonzalo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNatural history collections play a crucial role in biodiversity research, and museum specimens are increasingly being incorporated into modern genetics‐based studies. Sequence capture methods have proven incredibly useful for phylogenomics, providing the additional ability to sequence historical museum specimens with highly degraded DNA, which until recently have been deemed less valuable for genetic work. The successful sequencing of ultraconserved elements (UCEs) from historical museum specimens has been demonstrated on multiple tissue types including dried bird skins, formalin‐fixed squamates and pinned insects. However, no study has thoroughly demonstrated this approach for historical ethanol‐preserved museum specimens. Alongside sequencing of “fresh” specimens preserved in >95% ethanol and stored at −80°C, we used extraction techniques specifically designed for degraded DNA coupled with sequence capture protocols to sequence UCEs from historical museum specimens preserved in 70%–80% ethanol and stored at room temperature, the standard for such ethanol‐preserved museum collections. Across 35 fresh and 15 historical museum samples of the arachnid order Opiliones, an average of 345 UCE loci were included in phylogenomic matrices, with museum samples ranging from six to 495 loci. We successfully demonstrate the inclusion of historical ethanol‐preserved museum specimens in modern sequence capture phylogenomic studies, show a high frequency of variant bases at the species and population levels, and from off‐target reads successfully recover multiple loci traditionally sequenced in multilocus studies including mitochondrial loci and nuclear rRNA loci. The methods detailed in this study will allow researchers to potentially acquire genetic data from millions of ethanol‐preserved museum specimens held in collections worldwide.
Comparison of forces acting on maxillary incisors during tracheal intubation with different laryngoscopy techniques: a blinded manikin study
Authors: Schieren M. , Kleinschmidt J. , Schmutz A. , Loop T. , Staat M. , Gatzweiler K.‐H. , Wappler F. , Defosse J. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryDental trauma is a common complication of tracheal intubation. As existing evidence is insufficient to validly assess the impact of different laryngoscopy techniques on the incidence of dental trauma, the force exerted onto dental structures during tracheal intubation was investigated. An intubation manikin was equipped with hidden force sensors in all maxillary incisors. Dental force was measured while 104 anaesthetists performed a series of tracheal intubations using direct laryngoscopy with a Macintosh blade, and videolaryngoscopy with a C‐MAC®, or the hyperangulated GlideScope® or KingVision® laryngoscopes in both normal and difficult airway conditions. A total of 624 tracheal intubations were analysed. The median (IQR [range]) peak force of direct laryngoscopy in normal airways was 21.1 (14.0–32.8 [2.3–127.6]) N and 29.3 (17.7–44.8 [3.3–97.2]) N in difficult airways. In normal airways, these were lower with the GlideScope and KingVision hyperangulated laryngoscopes, with a reduction of 4.6 N (p = 0.006) and 10.9 N (p < 0.001) compared with direct laryngoscopy, respectively. In difficult airways, these were lower with the GlideScope and KingVision hyperangulated laryngoscopes, with a reduction of 9.8 N (p < 0.001) and 17.6 N (p < 0.001) compared with direct laryngoscopy, respectively. The use of the C‐MAC did not have an impact on the median peak force. Although sex of anaesthetists did not affect peak force, more experienced anaesthetists generated a higher peak force than less experienced providers. We conclude that hyperangulated videolaryngoscopy was associated with a significantly decreased force exerted on maxillary incisors and might reduce the risk for dental injury in clinical settings.
Delayed diagnosis of anorectal malformations in neonates
Authors: Kruger Paul , Teague Warwick J. , Khanal Rija , Hutson John M. , King Sebastian K. 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundAnorectal malformations (ARM) are common congenital abnormalities of the terminal hindgut. Ideally, ARM should be diagnosed at, or shortly following, birth by careful physical examination of the perineum. Delayed diagnosis has been implicated as a risk factor for complications, including intestinal perforation. This study aimed to determine the rate of delayed diagnosis and associated intestinal perforation in ARM.MethodsA retrospective review was performed for all ARM patients managed at The Royal Children's Hospital over a 16‐year period (2000–2015). Data collected included ARM type, timing of diagnosis and complications. Delayed diagnosis was defined as being at more than 24 h of age.ResultsA total of 243 ARM patients (male 146/243, 60%) were included. The most frequent ARM types were perineal fistula (83/243, 34%) and rectovestibular fistula (40/243, 16%). Diagnosis was delayed beyond 24 h of age in 92 of 243 (38%) patients. The ARM type most commonly delayed in diagnosis was perineal fistula (37/83, 45%). Two patients in whom diagnosis was delayed suffered an intestinal perforation.ConclusionDelayed diagnosis in ARM patients remains a common, and potentially fatal, occurrence. Improved assessment of newborns is required to ensure timely diagnosis of ARM, and avoidance of complications associated with delayed diagnosis.
Declining incidence of pyloric stenosis in New Zealand
Authors: Yau Annie , Cha Ryan , Jayaratnam Sridharan , Wilson Toni , Kukkady Askar , Evans Stephen M. , Wells Jonathan M. 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundPyloric stenosis is a relatively common paediatric surgical condition, but a worldwide decline in its incidence has been observed in recent decades. The objective of this study was to identify if the incidence of pyloric stenosis in New Zealand has been declining.MethodsA retrospective review of the four New Zealand paediatric surgical centres’ theatre databases from 2007 to 2017. Demographic data were recorded for all infants who had a pyloromyotomy and annual incidences of pyloric stenosis calculated.ResultsA total of 393 infants underwent a pyloromyotomy for pyloric stenosis during the study period. Most infants (81%) were of European ethnicity. There was a significant decline (P = 0.0001) in the national incidence of pyloric stenosis from 0.73/1000 live births (LB) in 2007 to 0.39/1000 LB in 2017. From 2007 to 2017, the incidence of male infants with pyloric stenosis declined from 1.27/1000 LB to 0.62/1000 LB. The current annual incidence of pyloric stenosis in New Zealand is 0.39/1000 LB.ConclusionsThe incidence of pyloric stenosis in New Zealand has significantly declined in the last decade and is currently the lowest reported incidence in the world involving a predominantly European cohort. A decline in male infants developing pyloric stenosis was also observed. Further study is required to investigate causes for this low incidence and declining trend.
Suction stability management in small incision lenticule extraction: incidence and outcomes of suction loss in 4000 consecutive procedures
Authors: Reinstein Dan Z. , Archer Timothy J. , Vida Ryan S. , Carp Glenn I. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPurposeTo report the incidence and outcomes of suction loss during small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE).MethodsThe incidence of suction loss was measured over 4000 consecutive SMILE procedures and categorized by cause, the interface in which suction was lost and management (restart/continue SMILE, re‐SMILE thinner cap, convert to laser in‐situ keratomileusis [LASIK]). One‐year outcomes were compared to the fellow eye where no suction loss occurred.ResultsThere were 20 cases of suction loss (0.50%): during the lenticule interface in seven eyes, lenticule side cut in one eye, cap interface in nine eyes and small incision for three eyes. Small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) was continued in seven eyes, thinner cap SMILE in four eyes, LASIK in eight eyes, and the small incision was manually completed in one eye. Suction loss was caused by a Bell's reflex in 10 eyes, fixation light tracking in six eyes, patient anxiety in two eyes, a nociceptive reflex in one eye and false suction in one eye. There was no difference in results for suction loss and fellow eyes, respectively: uncorrected distance visual acuity was 20/20 or better in 100% in both groups, spherical equivalent was within ±0.50 D in 85% and 79%, one line loss of corrected distance visual acuity in 5% and 0%, and no eyes lost two lines.ConclusionSuction loss can be managed depending on the interface during which suction is lost. Treatment was completed on the same day in all instances. Visual and refractive outcomes were unaffected compared to the fellow eye in this series.
Use of proton pump inhibitors and the risk of cholangitis: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Min Yang Won , Kang Danbee , Shin Ju‐Young , Kang Minwoong , Park Joo Kyung , Lee Kwang Hyuck , Lee Jong Kyun , Lee Kyu Taek , Rhee Poong‐Lyul , Kim Jae J. , Guallar Eliseo , Cho Juhee , Lee Hyuk 
Published: August 2019

SummaryBackgroundProton pump inhibitor (PPI) use may alter the gut microbiome and increase the risk of cholangitis. However, the association of PPI use with the risk of incident cholangitis has not been evaluated.AimTo evaluate whether PPI use was associated with a higher risk of cholangitis.MethodsThis cohort study included a nationwide representative sample of the Korean general population followed up for 10 years (1 January 2003 to 31 December 2013). PPI use was identified from treatment claims and considered as a time‐varying variable. Incident cholangitis was identified from hospitalisation and out‐patient visit claims.ResultsDuring 4 212 003 person‐years of follow‐up, 58,863 participants had at least one PPI prescription and 1 834 participants developed cholangitis. The age‐, sex‐, residential area‐ and income‐adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for incident cholangitis comparing PPI use with non‐use was 6.06 (95% CI, 4.64‐7.91). The association was essentially unchanged in fully adjusted models (HR 5.75; 95% CI, 4.39‐7.54). The risk was highest during PPI treatment and decreased gradually after PPI discontinuation (Ptrend <.001).ConclusionsIn this large cohort, PPI use was associated with an increased risk of cholangitis. Physicians prescribing PPIs should consider cholangitis as a potential complication of PPI use.
Agranulocytosis attributed to metamizole: An analysis of spontaneous reports in EudraVigilance 1985‐2017
Authors: Hoffmann Falk , Bantel Carsten , Jobski Kathrin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDespite ongoing debates about its safety, the use of metamizole (dipyrone) is still increasing in many countries. In this study, we analysed spontaneous reports of suspected metamizole‐associated agranulocytosis recorded in EudraVigilance database from 1985 to 2017 with regard to patient and treatment characteristics as well as fatal vs non‐fatal outcomes and compared these findings among countries. A total of 1448 reports from 31 different countries were included (Germany 42.0%; Spain 29.6%; Switzerland 13.1%; other countries 15.3%). Mean age of patients was 53.6 years (63.4% females). Differences among countries were observed, for example with respect to patient age, route of administration and daily doses. Overall, median time between starting metamizole and developing an agranulocytosis was 13 days with 34.7% of cases occurring up to 7 days. This time was much shorter in patients who had already received metamizole before (median: 6 vs 15 days). About 16% of cases ended fatally. Patients with fatal outcomes were older and more often had also received methotrexate compared to those with non‐fatal outcomes. When adjusting for age and sex in a multivariable logistic regression, methotrexate was associated with an increased risk of fatal outcomes (odds ratio: 5.18; 95% confidence interval: 3.06‐8.78). In conclusion, metamizole‐associated agranulocytosis is still a life‐threatening condition, especially in the elderly and those also receiving methotrexate. As agranulocytosis can develop weeks after last administration and independently of dose and duration of treatment, prescribers and patients should be aware of its signs and symptoms.
Exploring the clinical utility of two staging models for bipolar disorder
Authors: van der Markt Afra , Klumpers Ursula M. H. , Dols Annemiek , Draisma Stasja , Boks Marco P. , van Bergen Annet , Ophoff Roel A. , Beekman Aartjan T. F. , Kupka Ralph W. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the clinical utility of two staging models for bipolar disorder by examining distribution, correlation, and the relationship to external criteria. These are primarily defined by the recurrence of mood episodes (model A), or by intra‐episodic functioning (model B).MethodsIn the Dutch Bipolar Cohort, stages according to models A and B were assigned to all patients with bipolar‐I‐disorder (BD‐I; N = 1396). The dispersion of subjects over the stages was assessed and the association between the two models calculated. For both models, change in several clinical markers were concordant with the stage was investigated.ResultsStaging was possible in 87% of subjects for model A and 75% for model B. For model A, 1079 participants (93%) were assigned to stage 3c (recurrent episodes). Subdividing stage 3c with cut‐offs at 5 and 10 episodes resulted in subgroups containing 242, 510, and 327 subjects. For model B, most participants were assigned to stage II (intra‐episodic symptoms, N = 431 (41%)) or stage III (inability to work, N = 451 (43%)). A low association between models was found. For both models, the clinical markers “age at onset,” “treatment resistance,” and “episode acceleration” changed concordant with the stages.ConclusionThe majority of patients with BD‐I clustered in recurrent stage 3 of Model A. Model B showed a larger dispersion. The stepwise change in several clinical markers supports the construct validity of both models. Combining the two staging models and sub‐differentiating the recurrent stage into categories with cut‐offs at 5 and 10 lifetime episodes improves the clinical utility of staging for individual patients.
Ecosystem services provided by armadillos
Authors: Rodrigues Thiago F. , Mantellatto Aline M. B. , Superina Mariella , Chiarello Adriano G. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTAwareness of the natural ecological processes provided by organisms that benefit human well‐being has significantly progressed towards the goal of making conservation a mainstream value. Identifying different services and the species that provide them is a vital first step for the management and maintenance of these so‐called ecosystem services. Herein, we specifically address the armadillos, which play key functional roles in terrestrial ecosystems, including as ecosystem engineers, predators, and vectors of invertebrates and nutrients, although these roles have often been overlooked. Armadillos can control pests, disperse seeds, and be effective sentinels of potential disease outbreaks or bioindicators of environmental contaminants. They also supply important material (meat, medicines) and non‐material (learning, inspiration) contributions all over the Americas. We identify key gaps in the understanding of ecosystem services provided by armadillos and areas for future research required to clarify their functional role in terrestrial ecosystems and the services they supply. Such information will produce powerful arguments for armadillo conservation.
Creating business out of bright light: Scientists and the commercialization of synchrotron‐enabled research
Authors: Holroyd Carin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGovernments have attached a high priority to the commercialization of science and technology as a foundation for participation in the “new economy.” Scientists typically view their work in less commercial terms and focus on making contributions to knowledge. When governments invest in large‐scale scientific infrastructure, like synchrotrons, they are increasingly concerned about the business and employment outcomes. This study examines the attitudes of synchrotron scientists at the Canadian Light Source (CLS) at the University of Saskatchewan toward government expectations and programs supporting commercialization. The scientists are, as a group, ambivalent toward strong commercialization efforts and feel that the expectations of government are unrealistic. Many, however, appreciate the financial and political requirements to focus on commercial activities, and a significant number see both research and societal benefits in engaging actively with private sector partners.