bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sonocrystallization of Interesterified Soybean Oil With and Without Agitation
Authors: Kadamne Jeta V. , Martini Silvana 
Published: June 2018

AbstractInteresterified soybean oil was crystallized at 29, 34, and 35 °C with and without the use of high‐intensity ultrasound. Samples were crystallized using either (1) continued agitation for the entire crystallization process (CA) or (2) agitation for 10 min (A10) followed by static crystallization. Sonication and agitation decreased the induction period of nucleation at higher temperatures and changed the crystal morphology, crystallization kinetics, and viscoelasticity of the sample. Sonication reduced the crystal sizes and significantly (P <0.05) increased the viscosity (5.2 ± 1.2 to 2369.6 ± 712.1 Pa s) and elastic modulus (83.2 ± 4.1 to 69,236.7 ± 26,765 Pa) of the crystalline networks obtained at 29 °C under A10 condition. An increase in viscosity and elasticity was also observed for sonicated samples crystallized at 34 and 35 °C under A10 and all CA conditions but these differences were not statistically significant (P >0.05). Sonication increased crystallization rates for all conditions tested. Kinetic constants obtained from an Avrami fit increased from1.3 × 10−5 to 6.8 × 10−5 min−n for samples crystallized at 29 °C A10 without and with sonication, respectively, and from 2.6 × 10−9 to 2.4 × 10−7 min−n for samples crystallized at 34 °C A10 without and with sonication, respectively. This increase in the crystallization rate was also observed for samples crystallized under the CA condition at 29 °C.
Life‐cycle analysis of integrated biorefineries with co‐production of biofuels and bio‐based chemicals: co‐product handling methods and implications
Authors: Cai Hao , Han Jeongwoo , Wang Michael , Davis Ryan , Biddy Mary , Tan Eric 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNew integrated biorefinery (IBR) concepts are being investigated to co‐produce hydrocarbon fuels and high‐value bio‐based chemicals to improve the economic viability of IBRs, to enhance biomass resource utilization efficiencies, and to maximize potential greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions. Unlike fuel‐only biorefineries, IBRs may co‐produce a significant amount of bio‐based chemicals, whose emission implications for specific biorefinery products and the biorefinery as a whole need to be evaluated. We discuss this in principle and apply three sets of co‐product handling methods to conduct life‐cycle analysis (LCA) of modeled IBRs with co‐production of two bioproduct examples – succinic acid and adipic acid – alongside a renewable diesel blendstock fuel product. The LCA results for the specific co‐product handling methods that were examined shed light on potential artifacts of product‐specific LCA with selected co‐product methods. We discuss the advantages and limitations of each method and conclude that (i) a system‐level or ‘black‐box’ LCA allocation method is too simplistic to reflect appropriately the GHG burdens of distinctly different processing trains for fuels and chemicals in the IBR context, and (ii) the displacement method is the only co‐product handling method that accounts fully for the emission effects of both the fuel product and the non‐fuel bio‐based co‐products in the IBRs within the context of the existing fuel‐focused GHG regulatory framework. Alternatively, biorefinery system‐level LCA combines benefits of individual products to offer a complete picture. This system‐level LCA approach offers a holistic LCA without somewhat arbitrary decisions either on an allocation basis or by the selection of an evaluation metric based on specific products. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adsorption of Pharmaceutical Pollutants from Water Using Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Mellah Abdelkarim , Fernandes Soraia P. S. , Rodríguez Ramón , Otero José , Paz Jairo , Cruces Jacobo , Medina Dana D. , Djamila Harik , Espiña Begoña , Salonen Laura M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCapture of pharmaceutical pollutants from water was studied using a novel fluorine‐bearing covalent organic framework TpBD‐(CF3)2, which showed ibuprofen adsorption capacity of 119 mg g−1 at neutral pH. This value is further enhanced at pH 2, highlighting the potential of this class of materials to serve as adsorbents even under harsh conditions. The adsorbed pharmaceutical can be recovered from TpBD‐(CF3)2 in high yield, offering the option of recycling both the adsorbent and the pharmaceutical. The high efficiency of ibuprofen capture as compared to other less lipophilic pharmaceuticals suggests that COFs can be pre‐designed for selective capture of contaminants.
Characterization of McDonald's intermediate part of the Central nucleus of the amygdala in the rat
Authors: Barbier Marie , Fellmann Dominique , Risold Pierre‐Yves 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe actual organization of the central nucleus of the amygdala (CEA) in the rat is mostly based on cytoarchitecture and the distribution of several cell types, as described by McDonald in 1982. Four divisions were identified by this author. However, since this original work, one of these divisions, the intermediate part, has not been consistently recognized based on Nissl‐stained material. In the present study, we observed that a compact condensation of retrogradely labeled cells is found in the CEA after fluorogold injection in the anterior region of the tuberal lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) in the rat. We then searched for neurochemical markers of this cell condensation and found that it is quite specifically labeled for calbindin (Cb), but also contains calretinin (Cr), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and methionine‐enkephalin (Met‐Enk) immunohistochemical signals. These neurochemical features are specific to this cell group which, therefore, is distinct from the other parts of the CEA. We then performed cholera toxin injections in the mouse LHA to identify this cell group in this species. We found that neurons exist in the medial and rostral CEAl that project into the LHA but they have a less tight organization than in the rat.
Evaluating the roles of detailed endocardial structures on right ventricular haemodynamics by means of CFD simulations
Authors: Sacco Federica , Paun Bruno , Lehmkuhl Oriol , Iles Tinen L. , Iaizzo Paul A. , Houzeaux Guillaume , Vázquez Mariano , Butakoff Constantine , Aguado‐Sierra Jazmin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractComputational modelling plays an important role in right ventricular (RV) haemodynamic analysis. However, current approaches use smoothed ventricular anatomies. The aim of this study is to characterise RV haemodynamics including detailed endocardial structures like trabeculae, moderator band, and papillary muscles. Four paired detailed and smoothed RV endocardium models (2 male and 2 female) were reconstructed from ex vivo human hearts high‐resolution magnetic resonance images. Detailed models include structures with ≥1 mm2 cross‐sectional area. Haemodynamic characterisation was done by computational fluid dynamics simulations with steady and transient inflows, using high‐performance computing. The differences between the flows in smoothed and detailed models were assessed using Q‐criterion for vorticity quantification, the pressure drop between inlet and outlet, and the wall shear stress. Results demonstrated that detailed endocardial structures increase the degree of intra‐ventricular pressure drop, decrease the wall shear stress, and disrupt the dominant vortex creating secondary small vortices. Increasingly turbulent blood flow was observed in the detailed RVs. Female RVs were less trabeculated and presented lower pressure drops than the males. In conclusion, neglecting endocardial structures in RV haemodynamic models may lead to inaccurate conclusions about the pressures, stresses, and blood flow behaviour in the cavity.
Exploring MXenes as Cathodes for Non‐Aqueous Lithium–Oxygen Batteries: Design Rules for Selectively Nucleating Li2O2
Authors: Lee Andrew , Krishnamurthy Dilip , Viswanathan Venkatasubramanian 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe potential of MXenes, an emerging class of layered materials, is investigated as cathode materials for rechargeable Li–O2 battery chemistry, exploring MXenes from the primary standpoint of the key challenge of rechargeability, which translates to selectivity towards lithium peroxide, the primary discharge product. This study captures the effects of three primary electronic‐structure‐tuning variables: The termination group and its coverage of the surface as well as the transition metal. The trends are rationalized with regard to the thermodynamic nucleation overpotential, determined through the computed free energy of the adsorbed intermediate
. Design rules for identifying MXene cathode materials are developed based on discharge product selectivity and stability against potential decomposition products. Of all investigated MXenes, analysis suggests that Ni4N3(OH)2 exhibits the lowest nucleation overpotential and identifies mixed‐transition‐metal MXenes as a promising exploration direction.
A judgment and decision‐making model for plant behavior
Authors: Karban Richard , Orrock John L. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRecently plant biologists have documented that plants, like animals, engage in many activities that can be considered as behaviors, although plant biologists currently lack a conceptual framework to understand these processes. Borrowing the well‐established framework developed by psychologists, we propose that plant behaviors can be constructively modeled by identifying four distinct components: (1) a cue or stimulus that provides information, (2) a judgment whereby the plant perceives and processes this informative cue, (3) a decision whereby the plant chooses among several options based on their relative costs and benefits, and (4) action. Judgment for plants can be determined empirically by monitoring signaling associated with electrical, calcium, or hormonal fluxes. Decision‐making can be evaluated empirically by monitoring gene expression or differential allocation of resources. We provide examples of the utility of this judgment and decision‐making framework by considering cases in which plants either successfully or unsuccessfully induced resistance against attacking herbivores. Separating judgment from decision‐making suggests new analytical paradigms (i.e., Bayesian methods for judgment and economic utility models for decision‐making). Following this framework, we propose an experimental approach to plant behavior that explicitly manipulates the stimuli provided to plants, uses plants that vary in sensory abilities, and examines how environmental context affects plant responses. The concepts and approaches that follow from the judgment and decision‐making framework can shape how we study and understand plant‐herbivore interactions, biological invasions, plant responses to climate change, and the susceptibility of plants to evolutionary traps.
The lived experience of rescuing people who have driven into floodwater: Understanding challenges and identifying areas for providing support
Authors: Keech Jacob J. , Smith Stephanie R. , Peden Amy E. , Hagger Martin S. , Hamilton Kyra 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundDrowning is a major public health issue, with risk increasing during times of flood. Driving into floodwater is a major risk factor for flood‐related drowning and injury, and despite widespread public health campaigns, many people continue to undertake this risky behaviour and require rescue.PurposeWe aimed to identify key challenges faced by emergency services personnel when rescuing those who have driven into floodwater, and to identify strategies for supporting rescuers in this important role.MethodsAustralian flood rescue operators (N = 8) who had previously rescued a driver who had driven into floodwater participated in semi‐structured interviews. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsFour challenges emerged from their experiences: involvement of untrained personnel; varying information provided by emergency telephone operators; behaviour of drivers complicating the rescue; people sightseeing floods or flood rescues or ignoring closed roads providing rescuers with sources of distraction and frustration.ConclusionsWe propose five strategies for translating these results into practice, including: training and protocol development for (i) emergency personnel and (ii) telephone operators; (iii) training for rescuers regarding non‐compliant rescuees; (iv) educating the public and (v) increasing compliance with closed roads. Current findings provide valuable insights into how rescuers can be supported in performing their roles, and implementation of these strategies has the potential to reduce fatalities occurring due to attempting to drive through floodwater.So what?The strategies presented have the potential to reduce the frequency and improve the outcomes of floodwater rescues, aiding in the prevention of injury and death.
Evaluation of the utility of peripheral blood vs bone marrow in karyotype and fluorescence in situ hybridization for myelodysplastic syndrome diagnosis
Authors: Asadi Fakhr Zhaleh , Mehrzad Valiollah , Izaditabar Amin , Salehi Mansoor 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveTo clear the role of peripheral blood as a substitution for bone marrow in myelodysplastic syndrome and to evaluate the concordance between peripheral blood and bone marrow using karyotype and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) methods.MethodsWe examined 35 bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) samples from myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patient using karyotype and FISH. Karyotype method for BM and PB samples performed using the standard protocol with an exception for peripheral blood in which growth factor for cultivation was not used. FISH testing was performed using a panel of MDS‐associated probes to detect 20q12, 20qter, 5q31, 5q33, 5p15 and chromosome 7 and 8 centromeres.ResultsOur results showed karyotypes of BM and PB are concordant in 74% of cases, while about 53% of these concordances were achieved from cases with normal karyotypes. However, the results of BM FISH were completely concordant with PB FISH.ConclusionAlthough peripheral blood karyotype is not trustworthy for MDS diagnosis, examining peripheral blood, using the FISH method, could be useful for clinical monitoring.
What is bred in the bone: Ecomorphological associations of pelvic girdle form in greater Antillean Anolis lizards
Authors: Tinius Alexander , Russell Anthony P. , Jamniczky Heather A. , Anderson Jason S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEcological niche partitioning of Anolis lizards of the Greater Antillean islands has been the focus of many comparative studies, and much is known about external morphological convergence that characterizes anole ecomorphs. Their internal anatomy, however, has rarely been explored in an ecomorphological context, and it remains unknown to what degree skeletal morphology tracks the diversity and ecological adaptation of these lizards. Herein, we employ CT scanning techniques to visualise the skeleton of the pelvic girdle in situ, and 3D geometric morphometrics to compare the form of the ilium, ischium, and pubis within and between ecomorphs. We examine 26 species of anoles representing four ecomorphs (trunk‐ground, trunk‐crown, crown‐giant, twig) from three islands (Jamaica, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico). The subtle variations in pelvic girdle morphology discovered are directly associable with all three parameters that we set out to focus on: phylogenetic relationship, specimen size, and assigned ecomorph category. Morphometric variation that correlates with size and/or phylogenetic signal varies between species and cannot be eliminated from the data set without markedly reducing its overall variability. The discovered patterns of skeletal variation are consistent with the demands of locomotor mechanics pertinent to the structural configuration of the microhabitat of three of the four ecomorphs, with the fourth having no discernible distinctive features. This manifests itself chiefly in the relative anteroposterior extent and anteroventral inclination of the ilium and pubis, which differ between ecomorphs and are postulated to reflect optimization of the direction of muscle vectors of the femoral protractors and retractors. Our investigation of the form of the pelvic girdle of anoles allows us to generalize our findings to entire ecomorph categories within a broad phylogenetic and biogeographic context. Differences in the form and configuration of the postcranial skeleton are directly related to ecological patterns.
Histological studies on the development of porcine tonsils after birth
Authors: Yang Yunhan , Jing Yuchao , Wang Jialu , Yang Qian 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTonsils form the topographically first immune barrier of an organism against the invasion of pathogens. We used histology to study the development of tonsils of pigs after birth. At birth, the tonsils consist of diffuse lymphoid tissue without any lymphoid follicle aggregations. At the age of 7 days, lymphoid follicles appeared in the soft palate tonsil. The lymphoid layer of the nasopharyngeal tonsil, soft palate tonsil, and lingual tonsil became thicker, and lymphoid follicles in the lamina propria were clearly visible at the age of 21 days. Secondary lymphoid follicles were present in the nasopharyngeal tonsil at the age of 50 days, and in the soft palate tonsil at the age of 120 days. Dendritic cells (DCs), CD3+ T cells and IgA+ B cells in the soft palate tonsil, nasopharyngeal tonsil and lingual tonsil increased continuously, especially during the first 21 days. The results suggested that tonsils have an important role in local immune defense against invading antigens after birth and will be beneficial for understanding the mechanisms of immunity in these animals after nasal and oral vaccination.
Cardiac arrest after ibogaine intoxication
Authors: Steinberg Christian , Deyell Marc W. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIbogaine is a psychoactive herbal medication with alleged antiaddiction properties. We report a case of ibogaine intoxication mimicking Long‐QT syndrome resulting in ventricular flutter and nearby cardiac arrest. A 61‐year‐old man experienced massive QT prolongation and ventricular flutter at a rate of 270 beats per minute requiring defibrillation after ingestion of a large dose of Ibogaine. The ingested dose of 65‐70 mg/kg represents the highest survived ibogaine dose reported to date. As a result of the long plasma half‐life of ibogaine, it took 7 days for the patient's QT interval to normalize.
Drastic Change in Orientation of Cylindrical Microdomains Upon Thermal Annealing in Thin Film of Block Copolymer Having Liquid Crystalline Moiety
Authors: Suita Shigeo , Maruyama Norihiko , Asaoka Sadayuki , Sasaki Sono , Sakurai Shinichi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe found a drastic change in orientation of cylindrical microdomains from perpendicular to parallel with respect to the film surface by thermal annealing for a liquid crystalline diblock copolymer, PEO122‐PMA(Az)50, consisting of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(methacrylate) with the side chain of a liquid crystalline azobenzene moiety. Non‐contact mode AFM (atomic force microscopy) is used to observe the orientation of cylinders on the surface of the film specimen. Perpendicular orientation of the PEO cylinders for the as‐spin‐coat specimen is found to change drastically to the parallel orientation as a function of the thermal annealing time at 140 °C. It is interesting to find inclined cylinders in the course of the transition. Grazing‐incidence small‐angle X‐ray scattering is also conducted to analyze the cylinder orientation in the interior of the specimen. As a result, the parallel orientation of the PEO cylinders is found even for the case when the inclined cylinders are detected by AFM on the surface of the film specimen.
Neurovascular stent artifacts in 3D‐TOF and 3D‐PCMRI: Influence of stent design on flow measurement
Authors: Bouillot Pierre , Brina Olivier , Delattre Bénédicte M. A. , Ouared Rafik , Pellaton Alain , Yilmaz Hasan , Machi Paolo , Lovblad Karl‐Olof , Farhat Mohamed , Pereira Vitor Mendes , Vargas Maria Isabel 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThe morphological and hemodynamic evaluations of neurovascular diseases treated with stents would benefit from noninvasive imaging techniques such as 3D time‐of‐flight MRI (3D‐TOF) and 3D phase contrast MRI (3D‐PCMRI). For this purpose, a comprehensive evaluation of the stent artifacts and their impact on the flow measurement is critical.MethodsThe artifacts of a representative sample of neurovascular stents were evaluated in vitro with 3D‐TOF and 3D‐PCMRI sequences. The dependency of the artifacts with respect to the orientation was analyzed for each stent design as well as the impact on the flow measurement accuracy. Furthermore, the 3D‐PCMRI data of four patients carrying intracranial aneurysms treated with flow diverter stents were analyzed as illustrative examples.ResultsThe stent artifacts were mainly confined to the stent lumen therefore indicating the leading role of shielding effect. The influence of the stent design and its orientation with respect to the transmitting MR coils were highlighted. The artifacts impacted the 3D‐PCMRI velocities mainly in the low magnitude domains, which were discarded from the analysis ensuring reliable near‐stent velocities. The feasibility of in‐stent flow measurements was confirmed in vivo on two patients who showed strong correlation between flow and geometric features. In two other patients, the consistency of out‐of‐stent velocities was verified qualitatively through intra‐aneurysmal streamlines except when susceptibility artifacts occurred.ConclusionThe present results motivate the conception of low inductance or nonconductive stent design. Furthermore, the feasibility of near‐stent 3D‐PCMRI measurements opens the door to clinical applications like the post‐treatment follow‐up of stenoses or intracranial aneurysms.
Low‐dose azacitidine maintenance therapy after allogeneic stem cell transplantation for high‐risk pediatric acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Tamura Akihiro , Ishida Toshiaki , Saito Atsuro , Yamamoto Nobuyuki , Yokoi Takehito , Uemura Suguru , Nino Nanako , Fujiwara Takahiro , Tahara Teppei , Nakamura Sayaka , Kozaki Aiko , Kishimoto Kenji , Hasegawa Daiichiro , Kosaka Yoshiyuki 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe dismal prognosis of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) relapsing after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) requires exploration of novel strategies to prevent relapse. Azacitidine (AZA) maintenance therapy could potentially reduce the recurrence rate post HSCT. Here, we presents the cases of three children with high‐risk AML post HSCT who were treated with low‐dose AZA maintenance therapy, demonstrating the feasibility of this therapy. Currently, all three are in complete remission for 13–41 months despite their high‐risk characteristics. Our encouraging data warrant larger prospective studies to assess the efficacy and safety of low‐dose AZA maintenance therapy post HSCT for pediatric patients with high‐risk AML.
Perspective: green polyurethane synthesis for coating applications
Authors: Llevot Audrey , Meier Michael 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTPolyurethanes exhibit excellent coating properties for many applications. Facing the continuous growth of the polyurethane coating market, in the last few years many scientists have addressed the safety and sustainability of their production. This paper highlights the efforts that have been pursued in this direction from both the academic and industrial perspectives and covers aspects ranging from the substitution of petroleum‐based monomers by biobased equivalents to the development of novel synthetic pathways for the production of polyhydroxyurethanes. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry