bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A variable course of Cushing’s disease in a 7 year old: diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Kochar Inderpal Singh , Ramachandran Smita , Sethi Aashish 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Cushing’s syndrome (CS) or hypercortisolism results from disruption of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis with the resultant increase in the circulating serum and urinary cortisol levels and lack of cortisol circadian rhythm. The resultant effects cause the physical manifestation of hypercortisolism. The appearance of Cushing’s disease in children is insidious, the most common features being growth failure, obesity, early puberty and facial appearance. We report a case of a 7-year-old male with a very unusual course of the disease, which could have led to diagnostic delays.
Cultural mediation in New Zealand postcolonial translation
Authors: Wohlfart Irmengard 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This paper examines cultural mediation in three different cases of postcolonial translation: 1) the translation of the Treaty of Waitangi from English into Māori; 2) Patricia Grace’s English-Māori writing ‘Potiki’, which issues challenges to postcolonial and neocolonial practices and philosophies; and 3) the German translation of ‘Potiki’. The specific purpose of the translations was political or commercial and these purposes were achieved. Yet, cultural mediation to successfully bridge the respective cultural interstices was not desired in the translations of the former texts and not completely accomplished in the German text.
An Empirical Study on Vocabulary Learning Strategies by Jordanian FFL University Students
Authors: Rabadi Reem Ibrahim , Al-Muhaissen Batoul 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study explores the use of Vocabulary Learning Strategies (VLSs) by Jordanian undergraduate students majoring French as a Foreign Language (FFL) at Jordanian universities. The vocabulary learning strategies (Memory, Determination, Social, Cognitive, and Metacognitive) were used in this study following Schmitt’s taxonomy. A five-point Likert-scale questionnaire containing 37 items adapted from Schmitt’s (1997) Vocabulary Learning Strategies Questionnaire (VLSQ) administered to 840 FFL undergraduates randomly selected from seven Jordanian universities. The descriptive analysis showed that the participants of the study regardless of their year of study were medium strategy users overall. The results revealed that Memory strategies were the most frequently employed strategies, whereas the Social strategies were the least frequently used ones. Although the participants were medium strategy users, the results of the VLSQ disclosed that some individual strategies were employed at a high level. Accordingly, detecting these strategies will be beneficial to language instructors to improve effective vocabulary teaching techniques and to motivate language learners to use them more frequently.
Aspectos ortográficos del anglicismo
Authors: Rodríguez González Félix 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The article examines the variations found in the spelling of anglicisms, which are especially frequent with terms containing sounds or letters alien to the phonological o graphemic system of Spanish. Although in general the variability observed is in close relation with the degree of linguistic integration, the study is focused on the sociolinguistic, stylistic and semantic factors as well as the phonological and morphological conditions which account for the choice of a particular variant. The basis of comparison include pure or direct anglicisms (flash, flas) and the adaptations undergone when they are subject to derivational processes, mainly nominal (flasazo, flashazo) and verbal (flasear, flashear, flaxear). It also brings to attention the varying lexicographic treatment followed in dictionaries when approaching the adaptation of anglicisms.
Hydrogenation of nitriles and imines for hydrogen storage
Authors: Feller Moran 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This review focuses on the selective catalytic hydrogenation of nitriles to primary amines both homogeneously and heterogeneously with transition metal-based catalysts in the view of nitriles as hydrogen carriers. Nitriles can be reduced with two equivalents of H2 to primary amines, thus having a great potential to serve as liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) for hydrogen storage. Imines are intermediates in the hydrogenation of nitriles to amines, thus they can also serve as potential LOHCs, however with a lower hydrogen storage capacity (HSC).
Oxydative stress markers and cytokine levels in rosuvastatin-medicated hypercholesterolemia patients
Authors: Çetin Aysun , Çetin İhsan , Yılmaz Semih , Şen Ahmet , Savaş Göktuğ , Çimen Behzat , Öztürk Ahmet 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Limited research is available concerning the relationship between oxidative stress and inflammation parameters, and simultaneously the effects of rosuvastatin on these markers in patients with hypercholesterolemia. We aimed to investigate the connection between cytokines and oxidative stress markers in patients with hypercholesterolemia before and after rosuvastatin treatment.

Methods
The study consisted of 30 hypercholesterolemic patients diagnosed with routine laboratory tests and 30 healthy participants. The lipid parameters, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), paraoxonase-1 (PON1) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in controls and patients with hypercholesterolemia before and after 12-week treatment with rosuvastatin (10 mg/kg/day), were analyzed by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results
It was found that a 12-week cure with rosuvastatin resulted in substantial reductions in IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α and MDA levels as in rising activities of PON1 in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Before treatment, the PON1 levels were significantly negatively correlated with TNF-α and IL-6 in control group, while it was positively correlated with TNF-α in patients.

Conclusion
Our outcomes provide evidence of protected effect of rosuvastatin for inflammation and oxidative damage. It will be of great interest to determine whether the correlation between PON1 and cytokines has any phenotypic effect on PON1.
Microwave Technology for In Situ Determination of Void Ratio and Compactness in Saturated Soils
Authors: Katterbach Maren , Poretti Samuel 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Void ratio and compactness are two of the principal parameters used for the geotechnical characterization of soils. Among others, these factors determine the soil expected quality and performance as a foundation. Direct measurement of the natural void ratio is particularly challenging, since it requires undisturbed specimens. Because of it, commonly used indirect methods, such as the standard penetration test or cone penetration test, have been developed and are widely practiced during the initial site investigation phase. However, such indirect methods have their limitations and often fail, especially with heterogeneous soils. Results are interpreted by indirect correlations, which are often affected by uncertainty. Extraction of undisturbed specimens or the use of geophysical methods are typically not considered in the first place due to overall project schedule and costs. Similar measurement principle systems such as crosshole georadar produce 2-D/3-D images by means of image reconstruction algorithms. The proposed system produces a 1-D value, which is the mean dielectric constant between two antennas. The application need a quick, simple to use, and more reliable and flexible approach that allows a direct quantitative measurements. This new approach uses microwave technology. With a crosshole measurement arrangement, it is comparable to various other georadar setups. The main difference from the already existing geophysical approaches is the output in terms of an average value of the dielectric constant at a certain depth at greater measurement distances. The developed technique provides instantly the direct determination of a soil-water percentage in saturated soils. The testing procedure it is simple and time effectiveness, allowing measurement with reduced effort and cost. The device functionality and robustness has been proven by means of laboratory and fileld tests. The developed SCT device already exists in a beta version and is being applied to projects on an international level.
Integrity Testing of Three Model Piles with a Pile Cap
Authors: Lai Jiunnren , Yang Pei-Cheng , Yang Bo-Huan 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Nondestructive pile integrity testing (PIT) methods based on the propagation of sonic/ultrasonic waves have been widely used for the quality assurance of newly constructed drilled shafts. However, application of these techniques for forensic investigations of existing piles may encounter difficulties that are due to the existence of a pile cap. In this article, the boundary effects of pile caps on the signal of PIT methods were studied by numerical simulation and tests on three model piles. The feasibility of assessing the integrity of a capped pile by embedded accelerometers was also investigated. Results of this study indicate that it is too difficult to assess the integrity of a capped pile with the conversional Sonic Echo PIT method. On the other hand, it is possible to detect the defect or pile toe with embedded accelerometers, especially when multiple receivers are used with the Ultra Seismic techniques.
Large-Scale and Bench-Scale Test Systems for Assessing Impact of Geogrids on Pavements Founded on Problematic Soils
Authors: Williams Steven , Wright Jason , Hanumasagar Sangy S. , Kim S. Sonny , Frost J. David 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Geogrid reinforcement is an economically viable alternative to achieve improved performance in highway pavement construction in regions with soft problematic subgrade soils. To examine the potential benefits of using geogrids in pavement foundations, measurement of permanent deformation using laboratory triaxial tests is typical practice. However, since the performance improvement of pavement foundation systems is achieved by distribution of vertical stresses at the reinforcing layer through the tensile properties of the geogrid material, it is desirable to conduct large-scale testing to more accurately monitor the behavior of the geogrid-reinforced aggregate and soil system. This article describes the development of laboratory large-scale and bench-scale pavement testing systems to evaluate the behavior of geogrid-reinforced pavement systems through wheel tests performed with problematic subgrade soils found in North Georgia. The large-scale test specimens are prepared in a 1.8 (6 ft) by 1.8 (6 ft) by 0.6 m (2 ft) metal box and consist of 305 mm (12 in.) of unbound aggregate base (UAB) overlying 305 mm (12 in.) of subgrade soil. Geogrid is placed at the interface between the subgrade soil and UAB layer. Pressure sensors are installed near the bottom of the UAB layer and near the top and bottom of the subgrade layer to monitor stress distributions within the pavement foundation system. The bench-scale system, which measures 914 (36 in.) by 203 (8 in.) by 152 mm (6 in.) is also described. This system is advantageous because not only does it expedite rapid testing but also allows for relative micro- and macroscale comparisons of aggregate-geogrid behavior. This article presents test results showing vertical stress variations obtained experimentally in the UAB and subgrade soils under simulated traffic tire loading. The two systems are shown to be effective in establishing the influence of geogrid reinforcement in pavement systems.
An Experimental Study on Triaxial Compression Tests and Cone Penetration Tests in Planetary Regolith Simulant under Low Gravity Fields
Authors: Mo Pin-Qiang , Gao Feng , Zhou Guoqing , Li Ruilin , Yan Kang , Chen Jun 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Lunar exploration projects aiming to develop space exploration of mineral resources outside of Earth have been relaunched recently by many countries together with commercial partnerships. The fundamental understanding of the mechanisms related to the low gravity fields and specific planetary regolith is therefore the key to further plans for site investigation, resource utilization, and outpost construction. The triaxial compression test is a conventional method for measurements of mechanical properties of various granular materials, whereas the cone penetration test (CPT) could serve as an effective in situ tool for site investigation in deep space exploration. In this article, the geotechnical magneto-gravity model testing method is adopted to conduct triaxial tests and CPTs in a type of magnetic regolith simulant, under various low gravity fields. Triaxial testing data indicate the influence of g-level on both stress–strain curves and shear strength characteristics, as well as the independence of critical-state indexes at failure. The interpretation of CPT data under low gravity fields is then investigated, showing that the correlations between soil properties and CPT measurements require modifications for the application of in situ tests in the near-earth space exploration. The findings of this study provide some insights into the mechanics under various gravity-induced stress gradients and potentially contribute to further developments on surface excavation, base construction, and resource exploitation.
Detection and Classification of Hard and Soft Sweeps from Unphased Genotypes by Multilocus Genotype Identity
Authors: Harris Alexandre M , Garud Nandita R , DeGiorgio Michael 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPositive natural selection can lead to a decrease in genomic diversity at the selected site and at linked sites, producing a characteristic signature of elevated expected haplotype homozygosity. These selective sweeps can be hard or soft. In the case of a hard selective sweep, a single adaptive haplotype rises to high population frequency, whereas multiple adaptive haplotypes sweep through the population simultaneously in a soft sweep, producing distinct patterns of genetic variation in the vicinity of the selected site. Measures of expected haplotype homozygosity have previously been used to detect sweeps in multiple study systems. However, these methods are formulated for phased haplotype data, typically unavailable for nonmodel organisms, and some may have reduced power to detect soft sweeps due to their increased genetic diversity relative to hard sweeps. To address these limitations, we applied the H12 and H2/H1 statistics proposed in 2015 by Garud et al., which have power to detect both hard and soft sweeps, to unphased multilocus genotypes, denoting them as G12 and G2/G1. G12 (and the more direct expected homozygosity analog to H12, denoted G123) has comparable power to H12 for detecting both hard and soft sweeps. G2/G1 can be used to classify hard and soft sweeps analogously to H2/H1, conditional on a genomic region having high G12 or G123 values. The reason for this power is that, under random mating, the most frequent haplotypes will yield the most frequent multilocus genotypes. Simulations based on parameters compatible with our recent understanding of human demographic history suggest that expected homozygosity methods are best suited for detecting recent sweeps, and increase in power under recent population expansions. Finally, we find candidates for selective sweeps within the 1000 Genomes CEU, YRI, GIH, and CHB populations, which corroborate and complement existing studies.
Negativzinsen im Einlagengeschäft
Authors: Freitag Robert 
Published: October 2018

Zusammenfassung
Veranlasst durch die Geldpolitik der Europäischen Zentralbank gehen Geschäftsbanken im Eurogebiet zunehmend dazu über, Unternehmen und Verbrauchern Zahlungspflichten für die Entgegennahme von Anlagegeldern in Rechnung zu stellen. Das LG Tübingen hatte im Jahr 2018 als erstes deutsches Gericht gleich in drei unterschiedlichen Verfahren über die zivilrechtliche Zulässigkeit der Einführung von Negativzinsen im Einlagengeschäft mit Verbrauchern nach deutschem Recht zu urteilen. Diese ersten Judikate zu der Thematik sind Anlass, grundlegende Aspekte der Thematik noch einmal vertieft zu beleuchten.
Bericht aus Brüssel: Inhalt und Verfahrensstand anhängiger Gesetzgebungsvorhaben im Bankrecht/Kapitalmarktrecht auf EU-Ebene, Teil 2
Authors: Wojcik Karl-Philipp 
Published: October 2018

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag setzt den im vorangegangenen Heft (ZBB 2018, 250) erschienenen Überblick über Inhalt und Verfahrensstand derzeit anhängiger EU-Gesetzgebungsverfahren fort. Er konzentriert sich in erster Linie auf die noch nicht besprochenen kapitalmarktrechtlichen EU-Gesetzgebungsverfahren und berücksichtigt weitergehende Entwicklungen und neue Gesetzgebungsvorschläge, die seit dem Erscheinen des Überblicks im vorangegangenen Heft der ZBB erfolgt sind.
Fabrication of Bi2MoO6/BiOI heterojunction photocatalysts for enhanced photodegradation of RhB
Authors: Wang Jie , Ren LiZhen , Zhang DongEn , Hao XiaoYun , Gong JunYan , Xiao Xin , Jiang YouXiang , Tong ZhiWei 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
¿México debe mirar a América Latina? Las posibilidades de la política exterior de México en la Comunidad de Estados Latinoamericanos y Caribeños
Authors: Hernández Ozuna Paola Anahí , Morales Fajardo María Esther 
Published: October 2018

Este documento identifica si existen posibilidades de la política exterior mexicana dentro de la Comunidad de Estados Latinoamericanos y Caribeños (Celac) para alcanzar una mayor proyección en la región. La política exterior se analiza desde una perspectiva procesal y se resaltan la contingencia histórica y las estructuras normativas e ideacionales de la Celac, como mecanismo de diálogo político al más alto nivel en la región. Se concluye que no existe una estrategia concreta por parte de la política exterior mexicana dentro de la Celac porque este espacio regional no ha representado una prioridad tangible y a corto plazo para el gobierno actual, pese a que México fue uno de los impulsores de su creación.
Características de los componentes del síndrome metabólico en pacientes con glucosa normal y disglicemia en ayunas
Authors: Gross Melo Fernando de Jesús , Huamán Saavedra Juan Jorge , Álvarez Vargas Mayita , Gonzáles Saldaña Jaime , Gutiérrez Arana Jessica , Osada Liy Jorge Enrique 
Published: October 2018

Objetivos: Investigar las características de los componentes del Síndrome Metabólico (SM) entre pacientes con glucosa normal y disglicemia en ayunas en la población adulta de Trujillo. Material y métodos: Estudio de análisis secundario tipo descriptivo, comparativo, relacional. Se analizó base de datos, de un estudio previo sobre SM en adultos de 20-79 años en Trujillo entre los años 2010 al 2014, desarrollado a través de campañas médicas de despistaje de factores de riesgo cardiovascular. El grupo 1: incluyó 127 adultos con SM y glucosa normal en ayunas (NG). El grupo 2: incluyó 110 adultos con SM y disglicemia en ayunas (DG). Se usó la prueba t de Student para comparación de medias y la prueba Z para comparación de proporciones, con un nivel de significancia de 0,05 e intervalos de confianza del 95%. Resultados: Los niveles séricos de triglicéridos en ayunas (TG) fueron 219,09 ± 101,83 mg/dl en NG y 192,3 ± 103,17 mg/dl en DG (p= 0,004) y la frecuencia de hipertrigliceridemia fue 85,04% en NG y 63,64% en DG (p=0,000) y de HDL colesterol bajo 71,65% en NG y 51,81% en DG (p=0,002). Conclusiones: Existe mayor nivel sérico de TG y mayor frecuencia de hipertrigliceridemia y HDL colesterol bajo en el grupo NG.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Quantum Learning Terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Siswa Kelas VIII SMP PGRI 02 Ngajum
Authors: Riati Titik , Farida Nur 
Published: October 2018

Tujuan utama dari pengajaran matematika adalah untuk membekali siswa dengan kemampuan berfikir kritis, logis, sistematis dan memiliki sikap objektif serta disiplin dalam memecahkan suatu permasalahan matematika. Pemecahan masalah merupakan kompetensi strategi yang ditunjukkan siswa dalam memahami, pendekatan dan strategi pemecahan masalah, serta penyelesaian model untuk menyelesaikan masalah. Model pembelajaran quantum learning merupakan salah satu model pembelajaran yang dapat meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika, yang mengedepankan unsur-unsur kebebasan, santai, menyenangkan, dan menggairahkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran quantum learning terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa SMP PGRI 02 Ngajum.
Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian eksperimen. Penelitian ini dilakukan SMP PGRI 02 Ngajum. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII dan sampel penelitian ini yaitu kelas VIII A sebagai kelompok eksperimen dan kelas VIII B sebagai kelompok kontrol yang masing-masing berjumlah 19 siswa. Kelompok eksperimen diberi perlakuan dengan menggunakan model quantum learning sedangkan kelompok kontrol menggunakan pendekatan konvensional. Pengukuran kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika dilakukan dengan menggunakan tes kemampuan pemecahan masalah berbentuk uraian yang harus diselesaikan dengan langkah-langkah pemecahan masalah menurut Polya.
Berdasarkan pengolahan data dan analisis data dengan menggunakan uji hipotesis diperoleh thitung = 3,446 > ttabel = 2,028, maka H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh model pembelajaran quantum learning terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa SMP PGRI 02 Ngajum pada pokok bahasan SPLDV.
The role of suppressor of cytokine signaling SOCS7 in the regulation of the phosphorylation of inhibitor of nuclear transcription factor NF-KB in mononuclear leukocytes and production of cytokines in community-acquired bacterial pneumonia
Authors: Bondar S. S. , Terekhov I. V. , Nikiforov V. S. , Parfenyuk V. K. , Bondar N. V. 
Published: October 2018

The study discusses the relationship between the content of NF-KB and cytokine signaling suppressor 7 (SOCS7) in mononuclear peripheral blood cells (MNC) phosphorylated form of nuclear transcription factor inhibitor (NF-KB) and the production of MNC cytokines (TNF, IFN, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12) determining the state of congenital and adaptive immune response.The content and level of phosphorylation of the nuclear transcription factor NF-KB (Ikba) inhibitor and the SOCS7 protein concentration were determined by enzyme immunoassay in MNC. In addition, the concentration of TNF, IFN, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12 was determined in cellular supernatants. The interrelations between the studied factors were evaluated by the method of linear regression analysis.The results of the study indicate that the stage of recovery of community-acquired pneumonia is accompanied by a decrease in the level of IL-1, TNF and IL-4 and an increase in the production of Information. Also in the stage of convalescence there is a decrease in phosphorylation of Ikba and an increase in the concentration of SOCS7 in the OLS. The analysis revealed a significant effect on the level of phosphorylation of Ikba content in the cell SOCS7. Thus, a strong negative relationship between SOCS7 and phosphorylation of Ikba can be mediated by inhibition under its influence of STAT3/5 and MARK / SAPK-dependent cytokine production mechanisms, which allows to consider this factor as a therapeutic target for limiting excessive immunosuppression in pneumonia.