bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response of Onion (Allium cepa L.) to nitrogen fertilizer rates and spacing under rain fed condition at Tahtay Koraro, Ethiopia
Authors: Gebretsadik Kiros , Dechassa Nigussie 
Published: June 2018

AbstractOnion is important in the daily Ethiopian diet though the average yield obtained by farmers is very low. This is attributed to a number of constraints among which are poor agronomic practices. Therefore, field experiment was conducted at Tahtay Koraro district to study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer and intra-row spacing on growth and yield of onion. The treatments consisted of a factorial combination of four rates of nitrogen (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg N ha−1) and four intra- row spacings (4, 6, 8, and 10 cm). Bombay Red was the variety of onion used in the experiment. The experiment was laid out as RCBD with three replications. The analysis of variance revealed that N and intra-row spacing were significant. Both N and intra-row spacing significantly affected percentage of Bolting plants, leaf length, bulb diameter, and marketable yield. 100 kg N ha−1 and a population of 833,300 plants ha−1 was found to be the optimum rate to obtain higher marketable bulb yield of 26.72 t ha−1 and economically attractive benefits. Therefore, Bombay red variety could be planted at an optimum spacing of 6 cm × 20 cm or 833,300 plant population density ha−1 in Tahtay koraro district of northern Ethiopia.
Pretreatment prediction of pathologic complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer: Perfusion metrics of dynamic contrast enhanced MRI
Authors: Lee Jeongmin , Kim Sung Hun , Kang Bong Joo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate imaging parameters predicting pathologic complete response (pCR) in pretreatment dynamic contrast enhanced-magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) in breast cancer patients who were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). A total of 74 patients who received NAC followed by surgery were retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent breast MRI before NAC. Perfusion parameters including Ktrans, Kep and Ve of tumor were measured three-dimensionally. These perfusion parameters of background parenchyma of contralateral breasts were analyzed two-dimensionally. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and multivariable logistic regression analysis were performed to compare the ability of perfusion parameters to predict pCR. Of 74 patients, 13 achieved pCR in final pathology. The fiftieth percentile and skewness of each perfusion parameter – Ktrans, Kep, and Ve of tumor were associated with pCR. Perfusion parameters of contralateral breast parenchyma in 2D analysis also showed predictive ability for pCR. The model combining perfusion parameters of contralateral breast background parenchyma and those of the tumor had higher predictive value than each single parameter. Thus, perfusion parameters of tumor, background parenchyma of contralateral breast and their combinations in pretreatment breast MRI allow early prediction for pCR of breast cancer.
Picosecond supercontinuum generation in large mode area photonic crystal fibers for coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microspectroscopy
Authors: Shen Yujie , Voronin Alexander A. , Zheltikov Aleksei M. , O’Connor Sean P. , Yakovlev Vladislav V. , Sokolov Alexei V. , Scully Marlan O. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe perform a detailed theoretical and experimental investigation of supercontinuum generation in large-mode-area photonic crystal fibers pumped by a high-energy, high-repetition rate picosecond Nd:YVO4 laser, with the goal of using it as the Stokes beam in coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering setup. We analyze the influence of fiber structure and length on the supercontinuum power, spectral shape, and group delay dispersion. We identify the experimental conditions for stable supercontinuum generation, with microjoule-level pulse energy and the spectrum extending beyond 1600 nm, which allows excitation of Raman frequencies up to 3000 cm−1 and beyond. We demonstrate reliable and efficient operation of a coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy and microscopy setup using this supercontinuum source.
Karenia brevis allelopathy compromises the lipidome, membrane integrity, and photosynthesis of competitors
Authors: Poulin Remington X. , Hogan Scott , Poulson-Ellestad Kelsey L. , Brown Emily , Fernández Facundo M. , Kubanek Julia 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe formation, propagation, and maintenance of harmful algal blooms are of interest due to their negative effects on marine life and human health. Some bloom-forming algae utilize allelopathy, the release of compounds that inhibit competitors, to exclude other species dependent on a common pool of limiting resources. Allelopathy is hypothesized to affect bloom dynamics and is well established in the red tide dinoflagellate Karenia brevis. K. brevis typically suppresses competitor growth rather than being acutely toxic to other algae. When we investigated the effects of allelopathy on two competitors, Asterionellopsis glacialis and Thalassiosira pseudonana, using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomics, we found that the lipidomes of both species were significantly altered. However, A. glacialis maintained a more robust metabolism in response to K. brevis allelopathy whereas T. pseudonana exhibited significant alterations in lipid synthesis, cell membrane integrity, and photosynthesis. Membrane-associated lipids were significantly suppressed for T. pseudonana exposed to allelopathy such that membranes of living cells became permeable. K. brevis allelopathy appears to target lipid biosynthesis affecting multiple physiological pathways suggesting that exuded compounds have the ability to significantly alter competitor physiology, giving K. brevis an edge over sensitive species.
Strategies for screening young stock for antibodies – optimising numbers to test, cut-points, & predictive values for bovine viral diarrhoea virus
Authors: Humphry R. W. , Reeves A. , Gunn G. J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe antibody seroprevalence of young stock can be a useful indicator of recent or current infection in a herd. We examine the factors that contribute to the assessment of herd exposure to disease, via spot testing for antibody, using bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDv) as an example. A statistical distribution of seroprevalences for BVDv in beef herds identified three groups of herds: low, intermediate and high within-herd BVDv antibody seroprevalence. We tested two assumptions –the intermediate seroprevalence group of herds is assumed to be negative for BVDv at the herd level and alternatively if this group is assumed to be positive. We found that: The herd-level sensitivity and specificity are sensitive to the assumption regarding the herds with intermediate seroprevalence. If an appropriate cut-point is chosen, reducing the sample size from ten to five does not produce a large drop in herd-level test performance. Increasing the cut-point may be valuable at the outset of an eradication programme. Increasing the sample size and decreasing the cut-point is advantageous towards the end of an eradication programme, to minimise the risk of positive herds being misclassified. The framework presented here illustrates how seroprevalence screening may be understood and assessed.
Thermal inactivation kinetics and effects of drying methods on the phenolic profile and antioxidant activities of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) leaves
Authors: Li Ran , Shang Hongmei , Wu Hongxin , Wang Menghan , Duan Mengying , Yang Junyan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe thermal inactivation kinetics of enzymes, including polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD), in chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) leaves were evaluated. In addition, the influences of different drying techniques (shade drying, hot air drying and freeze drying) on the phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities of chicory leaves were determined. The antioxidant activities of chicory leaves were evaluated on the basis of their 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity. The results showed that the activation energy for PPO and POD inactivation were 123.00 kJ/mol and 78.99 kJ/mol, respectively. Preliminary treatment with hot water for 3 min at 90 °C was beneficial for preserving the phenolics present in fresh leaves. Hot air drying was better for the phenolics preservation. The hot air-dried and freeze-dried leaves possessed good antioxidant activities. The leaves with higher phenolics contents had better antioxidant activities, which indicated that the preservation of the phenolics was important for maintaining the antioxidant activity of chicory leaves.
Twist of Tubular Mechanical Metamaterials Based on Waterbomb Origami
Authors: Feng Huijuan , Ma Jiayao , Chen Yan , You Zhong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractOrigami-inspired mechanical metamaterials have recently drawn increasing attention since their flexible mechanical performance has been greatly enhanced by introducing origami patterns to the thin-shell structures. As a typical origami pattern, the waterbomb tube could be adopted to the design of mechanical metamaterials. However, existing designs predominantly make use of the radial expansion/contraction motion of the structure, thereby limiting its full potential to be explored. Here we report a twist motion of tubular mechanical metamaterials based on waterbomb origami that is previously undiscovered. We demonstrate through a detailed kinematic analysis that the initial twist is a rigid-origami motion if the corresponding row of the tube under twist is fully squeezed with both line and plane symmetry, whereas all the subsequent twist motion requires material deformation. The twist angle per axial strain and its relationship with the geometrical parameters of the tube are revealed. Experimental results show the enhancement in stiffness of the tube with the occurrence of the continuous twist motion. We envisage that this finding could greatly expand the application of the waterbomb tube in the design of origami metamaterials with programmable and tuneable mechanical properties.
A key process of the nonstationary relationship between ENSO and the Western Pacific teleconnection pattern
Authors: Park Young-Hyang , Kim Baek-Min , Pak Gyundo , Yamamoto Masaru , Vivier Frédéric , Durand Isabelle 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRecent studies have discovered an intriguing nonstationary relationship between El Ninõ–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Western Pacific (WP) teleconnection pattern, one of the most prominent winter atmospheric circulation patterns in the North Pacific, with a regime-dependent interdecadal modulation of significant and insignificant correlations. However, the physical process underlying the observed nonstationary ENSO-WP relationship is a puzzle and remains to be elucidated, which is also essential for clarifying the still-debated nontrivial issue on whether the WP is directly forced by ENSO or by midlatitude storm tracks-driven intrinsic processes. Based on empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of the upper-tropospheric teleconnection patterns and associated Rossby wave sources (RWS), we show that the nonstationarity in question is due to the regime-dependent constructive or destructive interference in meridional overturning circulation between the two leading EOFs of RWS best correlated with ENSO and WP, respectively. The observed insignificant correlation between ENSO and the WP after the 1988 regime shift can be explained by interrupted teleconnection between the tropics and high latitudes due to the collapse of the subtropical bridge pillar in the jet entrance region, consequence of the destructive interference. This suggested interference mechanism related to the regime-dependent upper-level RWS fields has significant implications for resolving the puzzle that hinders better understanding of decadal regime behaviors of the climate system in the North Pacific.
HIF stabilization inhibits renal epithelial cell migration and is associated with cytoskeletal alterations
Authors: Müller Simon , Djudjaj Sonja , Lange Janina , Iacovescu Mihail , Goppelt-Struebe Margarete , Boor Peter 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and potentially lethal complication in the hospitalized patients, with hypoxic injury being as a major cause. The loss of renal tubular epithelial cells (TEC), one of the AKI hallmarks, is potentially followed by tubular regeneration process orchestrated by the remaining uninjured TECs that undergo proliferation and migration. In this study, we used human primary TEC to investigate the initiation of tubular cell migration and associated cytoskeletal alterations in response to pharmacological HIF stabilization which resembles the pathophysiology of hypoxia. Tubular cells have been shown to migrate as cohorts in a wound healing assay. Importantly, cells of distal tubular origin moved faster than those of proximal origin. HIF stabilization impaired TEC migration, which was confirmed by live single cell tracking. HIF stabilization significantly reduced tubular cell migration velocity and promoted cell spreading. In contrast to the control conditions, HIF stabilization induced actin filaments rearrangement and cell adhesion molecules including paxillin and focal adhesion kinase. Condensed bundling of keratin fibers was also observed, while the expression of different types of keratins, phosphorylation of keratin 18, and the microtubule structure were not altered. In summary, HIF stabilization reduced the ability of renal tubular cells to migrate and led to cytoskeleton reorganization. Our data suggested an important involvement of HIF stabilization during the epithelial migration underlying the mechanism of renal regeneration in response to AKI.
Linear Cyclodextrin Polymer Prodrugs as Novel Therapeutics for Niemann-Pick Type C1 Disorder
Authors: Kulkarni Aditya , Caporali Paola , Dolas Atul , Johny Soniya , Goyal Sandeep , Dragotto Jessica , Macone Alberto , Jayaraman Ramesh , Fiorenza Maria Teresa 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNiemann-Pick Type C1 disorder (NPC) is a rare lysosomal storage disease characterized by the accumulation of cholesterol in lysosomes. NPC has no FDA approved treatments yet, however 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) has shown efficacy for treating the disease in both mouse and feline NPC models and is currently being investigated in late stage clinical trials. Despite promising results, therapeutic use of HPβCD is limited by the need for high doses, ototoxicity and intrathecal administration. These limitations can be attributed to its poor pharmacokinetic profile. In the attempt to overcome these limitations, we have designed a β-cyclodextrin (βCD) based polymer prodrugs (ORX-301) for an enhanced pharmacokinetic and biodistribution profile, which in turn can potentially provide an improved efficacy at lower doses. We demonstrated that subcutaneously injected ORX-301 extended the mean lifespan of NPC mice at a dosage 5-fold lower (800 mg/kg, body weight) the HPβCD dose proven efficacious (4000 mg/kg). We also show that ORX-301 penetrates the blood brain barrier and counteracts neurological impairment. These properties represent a substantial improvement and appear to overcome major limitations of presently available βCD-based therapy, demonstrating that this novel prodrug is a valuable alternative/complement for existing therapies.
Synthetic Strategies for the Regioselective Functionalization of Tribenzotriquinacenes
Authors: Beuerle Florian , Dhara Ayan 
Published: June 2018

The rigid molecular scaffold of the tribenzotriquinacenes (TBTQs) has emerged as a versatile structural platform that possesses unique geometrical features and allows for an orthogonal arrangement of organic functional substituents or convex-concave interactions. In this review, we summarize and discuss important synthetic strategies for a regioselective functionalization at the four distinct positions of the TBTQ basic framework, namely, apical, bridgehead, ortho, and outer rim.1	Introduction2	Structure and Synthesis of TBTQs3	Bridgehead Functionalization4	Outer Rim Functionalization5	ortho-Functionalization6	Apical Functionalization7	Conclusion and Outlook
SOP beim akuten Koronarsyndrom – Update 2018
Authors: Möckel Martin 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungIn den Leitlinien zum akuten Koronarsyndrom (ACS) sind die Behandlungsoptionen, aber auch die Notwendigkeit der Netzwerkbildung zwischen den Bereichen der Versorgung festgeschrieben. Wir beschäftigen uns in diesem Beitrag mit der Umsetzung der Leitlinien in krankenhausbezogene SOP am Beispiel des ST-Hebungsinfarkts (STEMI).
Early loss of mitochondrial complex I and rewiring of glutathione metabolism in renal oncocytoma
Authors: Gopal Raj K. , Calvo Sarah E. , Shih Angela R. , Chaves Frances L. , McGuone Declan , Mick Eran , Pierce Kerry A. , Li Yang , Garofalo Andrea , Van Allen Eliezer M. , Clish Clary B. , Oliva Esther , Mootha Vamsi K. 
Published: June 2018

Significance
Renal oncocytomas are benign kidney tumors with numerous mitochondria. Here, we analyze the mitochondrial (mtDNA) and nuclear genomes of these tumors. Our analysis finds mtDNA mutations in complex I (the first step in mitochondrial respiration) to be early genetic events that likely contribute to tumor formation. Since mtDNA mutations can lead to severe degenerative disorders, the cellular responses allowing renal oncocytoma cells to grow are important to consider. To properly understand authentic gene expression changes in tumors, we found it important to consider the gene expression pattern of the tumor’s cell of origin, the distal nephron. By doing so, we uncover alterations in glutathione synthesis and turnover that likely represent an adaptive metabolic response in renal oncocytoma.
Lack of group-to-individual generalizability is a threat to human subjects research
Authors: Fisher Aaron J. , Medaglia John D. , Jeronimus Bertus F. 
Published: June 2018

SignificanceThe current study quantified the degree to which group data are able to describe individual participants. We utilized intensive repeated-measures data—data that have been collected many times, across many individuals—to compare the distributions of bivariate correlations calculated within subjects vs. those calculated between subjects. Because the vast majority of social and medical science research aggregates across subjects, we aimed to assess how closely such aggregations reflect their constituent individuals. We provide evidence that conclusions drawn from aggregated data may be worryingly imprecise. Specifically, the variance in individuals is up to four times larger than in groups. These data call for a focus on idiography and open science that may substantially alter best-practice guidelines in the medical and behavioral sciences.
Quasicrystalline 30° twisted bilayer graphene as an incommensurate superlattice with strong interlayer coupling
Authors: Yao Wei , Wang Eryin , Bao Changhua , Zhang Yiou , Zhang Kenan , Bao Kejie , Chan Chun Kai , Chen Chaoyu , Avila Jose , Asensio Maria C. , Zhu Junyi , Zhou Shuyun 
Published: June 2018

Significance
Interlayer interaction in van der Waals heterostructures could induce many exotic phenomena. Unlike commensurate heterostructures, incommensurate ones have often been neglected, due to the rarity in nature and the assumption of suppressed coherent interlayer movement of electrons. How the interlayer interaction affects the electronic structure of such a nonperiodic heterostructure is a fundamental question. In this work, by successfully growing 30°-twisted bilayer graphene (tBLG) as an example for incommensurate “heterostructure” with quasicrystalline order, we report the emergence of mirrored Dirac cones. We identify that these mirrored Dirac cones are a consequence of the interlayer interaction, showing its importance in the incommensurate structure, which has been overlooked before. These results broaden the application range of van der Waals heterostructure for future electronic devices.
Global hidden harvest of freshwater fish revealed by household surveys
Authors: Fluet-Chouinard Etienne , Funge-Smith Simon , McIntyre Peter B. 
Published: June 2018

Significance
Experts have long believed that fish catches from rivers and lakes are underreported, which leads to lack of appreciation for their contribution to global food security. Rather than focusing on landing data, we backcalculated harvests using surveys of household consumption of freshwater fish. Data from 548,000 households across 42 countries reveal that freshwater catches are likely to be ∼65% higher than officially reported. These hidden harvests are concentrated in low-income countries where they represent the equivalent of the total annual animal protein consumption of 36.9 million people. Long-term underreporting of inland fisheries masks their critical role in feeding the world’s poor and complicates using catch statistics to evaluate the impact of overharvest and ecosystem degradation.
Declining mental health among disadvantaged Americans
Authors: Goldman Noreen , Glei Dana A. , Weinstein Maxine 
Published: June 2018

Significance
In the past few years, references to the opioid epidemic, drug poisonings, and associated feelings of despair among Americans, primarily working-class whites, have flooded the media, and related patterns of mortality have been of increasing interest to social scientists. Yet, despite recurring references to distress or despair in journalistic accounts and academic studies, there has been little analysis of whether psychological health among American adults has worsened over the past two decades. Here, we use data from national samples of adults in the mid-1990s and early 2010s to demonstrate increasing distress and declining well-being that was concentrated among low-socioeconomic-status individuals but spanned the age range from young to older adults.
RalA controls glucose homeostasis by regulating glucose uptake in brown fat
Authors: Skorobogatko Yuliya , Dragan Morgan , Cordon Claudia , Reilly Shannon M. , Hung Chao-Wei , Xia Wenmin , Zhao Peng , Wallace Martina , Lackey Denise E. , Chen Xiao-Wei , Osborn Olivia , Bogner-Strauss Juliane G. , Theodorescu Dan , Metallo Christian M. , Olefsky Jerrold M. , Saltiel Alan R. 
Published: June 2018

Significance
The primary event in diabetes pathogenesis is the development of insulin resistance. Insulin is elevated during feeding and maintains blood glucose levels within a physiological range, largely by increasing glucose uptake in muscle and fat. Our laboratory has identified two components of insulin signaling, the protein RalA and its GAP complex RalGAP, which regulate glucose uptake by fat cells. Using genetic approaches and pharmacological inhibitors, we describe how these proteins influence glucose metabolism in mice. We discovered that RalA is essential for efficient insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in fat, while RalA activation via deletion of RalGAP dramatically increases glucose uptake into brown fat and improves glucose handling in mice (hence, protecting them from developing diabetes).
Separating the effects of nucleotide and EB binding on microtubule structure
Authors: Zhang Rui , LaFrance Benjamin , Nogales Eva 
Published: June 2018

Significance
We report three high-resolution structures of microtubules in different nucleotide states—GMPCPP, GDP, and GTPγS—in the absence of any binding proteins, allowing us to separate the effects of nucleotide- and microtubule (MT)-associated protein (MAPs) binding on MT structure. End-binding (EB) proteins can bind and induce partial lattice compaction of a preformed GMPCPP-bound MT, a lattice type that is far from EBs’ ideal binding platform. We propose a model in which the MT lattice serves as a platform that integrates internal tubulin signals, such as nucleotide state, with outside signals, such as binding of MAPs. These global lattice rearrangements in turn affect the affinity of other MT partners and result in the exquisite regulation of the MT dynamics.