bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BREAST+: An augmented reality interface that speeds up perforator marking for DIEAP flap reconstruction surgery
Authors: Timóteo Rafaela , Pinto David , Matono Pedro , Mavioso Carlos , Cardoso Maria‐João , Gouveia Pedro , Marques Tiago , Simões Lopes Daniel 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDeep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap reconstruction is a common technique for breast reconstruction surgery in cancer patients. Preoperative planning typically depends on radiological reports and 2D images to help surgeons locate abdominal perforator vessels before surgery. Here, BREAST+, an augmented reality interface for the HoloLens 2, designed to facilitate accurate marking of perforator locations on the patients' skin and to seamlessly access relevant clinical data in the operating room is proposed. The system is evaluated in a controlled setting by conducting a user study with 27 medical students and 2 breast surgeons. Quantitative (marking error, task completion time, and number of task repetitions) and qualitative (perceived usability, perceived workload, user preference and user satisfaction) data are collected to assess BREAST+ performance during perforator marking. The average time taken to mark each perforator is 7.7 ± 6.5 s, with an average absolute error of 6.8 ± 2.6 mm and an estimated average deviation of 3.6 ± 1.4 mm. The results revealed non‐negligeable biases in user estimates likely attributed to depth perception inaccuracies. Still, the study concluded that BREAST+ is both accurate and considerably more efficient (∼6 times faster) when compared to the conventional perforator marking approach.
Two-epoch spectral imagery of the outflow system PV Cep
Authors: Movsessian T. A. , Magakian T. Yu. , Moiseev A. V. 
Published: December 2024

Context. We continue to study the structure and kinematics of Herbig-Haro (HH) flows. HH flows exhibit a large variety of morphological and kinematical structures. Proper motion (PM) and radial velocity investigations are essential for understanding the physical nature of these structures.
Aims. We investigated the kinematics and PM of spectrally separated structures in the PV Cep HH flow HH 215.
Methods. We present observational results we obtained with a 6 m telescope (in Russia) using the SCORPIO multi-mode focal reducer with a scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer. Two epochs of the observations of the PV Cep region in Hα and [SII] emission (2003 and 2020–2021) allowed us to study the morphology of the HH 215 jet in detail and to measure the PM and radial velocities for its inner structures.
Results. We studied previously known emission knots in the HH 215 flow and new features. Moreover, a newly formed HH knot was revealed. It presumably formed during the large maximum of PV Cep in 1976–1977. We found the high-velocity inner channel in the HH 215 ionized outflow, oriented in the mean direction of the whole HH outflow, and the symmetry axis of the reflection nebula. The position angle of the HH knots located along the axis of the high-velocity channel coincide with its axis (about 325°), but others have a completely different value (about 25°). This supports the idea that these knots were formed by oblique shocks. We derived a value of i ≈ 30° ± 5° for the inclination angle between the flow axis and the line of sight. The total length of the HH 215 outflow probably is about 0.2 pc, and the full length of the bipolar outflow from PV Cep (HH 315 + HH 215) can be estimated as 3.6 pc, assuming that the inclination angle is approximately stable.
Cocoon shock, X-ray cavities, and extended inverse Compton emission in Hercules A: Clues from Chandra observations
Authors: Ubertosi F. , Gong Y. , Nulsen P. , Leahy J. P. , Gitti M. , McNamara B. R. , Gaspari M. , Singha M. , O’Dea C. , Baum S. 
Published: December 2024

Aims. We present a detailed analysis of jet activity in the radio galaxy 3C 348 at the center of the galaxy cluster Hercules A. We aim to investigate the jet-driven shock fronts, the radio-faint X-ray cavities, the eastern jet, and the presence of extended inverse Compton (IC) X-ray emission from the radio lobes.
Methods. We used archival Chandra observations to investigate surface brightness profiles extracted in several directions and to measure the spectral properties of the hot gas and of the nonthermal emission from the radio jet and lobes.
Results. We detect two pairs of shock fronts: one in the north-south direction at 150 kpc from the center, and another in the east-west direction at 280 kpc. These shocks have Mach numbers of ℳ = 1.65 ± 0.05 and ℳ = 1.9 ± 0.3, respectively. Together, they form a complete cocoon surrounding the large radio lobes. Based on the distance of the shocks from the center, we estimate that the corresponding jet outburst is 90–150 Myr old. We confirm the presence of two radio-faint cavities within the cocoon, which are misaligned from the main lobes and each approximately 100 kpc wide and 40–60 Myr old. A backflow from the radio lobes might explain why the cavities appear to be dynamically younger than the surrounding cocoon shock front. We also detect nonthermal X-ray emission from the eastern jet and from the large radio lobes. The X-ray emission from the jet is visible at 80 kpc from the active galactic nucleus and can be accounted for by an IC model with mild Doppler boosting (δ ∼ 2.7). A synchrotron model could explain the observed radio-to-X-ray spectrum only for very high Lorentz factors γ ≥ 108 of the electrons in the jet. For the large radio lobes, we argue that the X-ray emission has an IC origin, with a 1 keV flux density of 21.7 ± 1.4 (statistical) ± 1.3 (systematic) nJy. A thermal model is unlikely, as it would require an unrealistically high temperature, density, and pressure for the gas in the lobes, along with strong depolarization of the radio lobes, which are instead highly polarized. The IC detection, combined with the synchrotron flux density, suggests a magnetic field of 12 ± 3 μG in the lobes.
Norway spruce forest management in the Czech Republic is linked to the solar cycle under conditions of climate change – from tree rings to salvage harvesting
Authors: Šimůnek Václav , Vacek Zdeněk , Vacek Stanislav , Švanda Michal , Hájek Vojtěch , D’Andrea Giuseppe 
Published: December 2024

Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) is the most important economic tree species in Central Europe. It has been affected by extensive windstorms and bark beetle disturbances, which have intensified in recent years. Spruce stands are subject to regular reoccurring disturbances with different intensities. This study examines timber harvests in the Czech Republic and the tree-ring series of Norway spruce from six permanent research plots across the country. The timber harvest shows a cyclical connection with the sunspot number, and of these, the percentage of spruce logging shows a substantial link with the sunspot number while the percentage of salvage logging indicates a relation with Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) and seasonal temperature. The seasonal North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) indicated a link with logging types as well. However, the connection between TSI and SunSpot Number (SSN) with logging types was statistically significant, while the tree rings were more related to seasonal NAO than timber harvests. The tree Ring Width Index (RWI) series shows reduced growth, which precedes the peak in the timber harvests by 1 year. Timber harvests peak one year after minimum RWI, and they coincide with solar minimum years. In summary, average tree ring series reach predominantly their lowest values one year before the solar minimum, coinciding with increased spruce and salvage logging. Conversely, during the solar maximum, harvests are lower, and tree ring series remain relatively stable. In the spectral analysis, tree-ring series and all types of timber harvests show a quasi-11-year cycle. Spruce trees indicate higher tree-ring growth and lower timber harvests during solar maximum compared to solar minimum and this may be associated with specific meteorological conditions that may be affected by solar variability. European forestry is unfamiliar with the effects of the solar cycle; nevertheless, this phenomenon is present in both spruce tree rings and the aggregate of timber harvests. Further research on this issue will be necessary, but it is already apparent that regularly recurring calamities in spruce stands are likely to be reflected in all of Central Europe.
Comparison of Diagnostic Performances of ATA Guidelines, ACR-TIRADS,
and EU-TIRADS and Modified K-TIRADS: A Single Center Study of 4238 Thyroid
Nodules
Authors: Özdemir Mustafa , Türk Gamze , Bilgili Mustafa , Akay Ebru , Koç Ali 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSeveral ultrasound-based risk stratification systems (RSSs) have been
developed and introduced into clinical practice for managing thyroid
nodules. However, there are essential differences among these systems. This
study aimed to determine and compare the category-based diagnostic
performance of four ultrasound-based risk stratification systems in the
detection of thyroid cancer: ACR-TIRADS, ATA, K-TIRADS, and EU-TIRADS.This study included 4238 nodules sampled by fine-needle aspiration biopsy
between January 2018 and December 2021. Nodules were classified according to
ultrasound imaging features and correlated with biopsy results. The
diagnostic success of the risk stratification systems was evaluated and
compared.Of the 4238 nodules, 3861 (91.1%) were benign and 376 (8.9%) were malignant.
Malignancy was significantly higher in hypoechoic and marked hypoechoic
nodules (p=0.001), and solid nodules (p=0.002). For detection of malignancy,
areas under the receiving operator characteristics curves were 0.862, 0.850,
0.842, and 0.835 for 2017 ACR-TIRADS, EU-TIRADS, for K-TIRADS, and 2015
American Thyroid Association guidelines, respectively. EU-TIRADS showed the
highest sensitivity (91%), whereas ACR-TIRADS had the highest specificity
(87%). Compared to other risk stratification systems, ACR-TIRADS resulted in
significantly fewer unnecessary biopsies (p=0.009). All RSSs show high diagnostic accuracy and have their own advantages and
disadvantages. When selecting an appropriate RSS, the population, the
prevalence of the disease, and gender distribution should be considered.
Diagnostic Performance of Integrated 18F FDG PETMR in the Diagnosis of Recurrent Foot Infection—Comparison with 18F FDG PETCT and Conventional 99mTc MDP Bone Scan
Authors: Subramanyam Padma , Palaniswamy Shanmuga Sundaram 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Introduction Ulcerated foot is a forerunner for amputations among diabetics. Early detection of foot complications is imperative for guiding management; more so in recurrent foot infections.
Purpose The objective of this study was first, to determine the diagnostic performance of integrated Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) Positron emission tomography (PET) magnetic resonance (MR) in suspected soft tissue infections (STIs)/osteomyelitis (OM) in patients presenting with recurrent foot infections. Second, to compare regional [18F] fluoro-2-deoxy-2-d-glucose (18F FDG) PET Computed tomography (CT) and conventional three-phase 99mTc methylene diphosphonate (MDP) bone scan (BS) in this group of patients along with integrated PETMR.
Materials and Methods A total of 21 adult patients with suspected recurrent foot infections were prospectively enrolled from March 2020 until September 2023 in our tertiary care center. All patients were primarily referred for a regional PETMR (foot) study. We instituted a protocol to combine three-phase 99mTc MDP BS followed by PET imaging the next day (PETMR followed by PETCT). Images were correlated with patients' foot symptoms and clinical examination.
Results Diagnostic performance of 18F FDG PETMR was superior compared with other two imaging modalities for STIs and OM. Using 18F FDG PETCT, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for diagnosing soft tissue (ST) foot infections was 91, 71, and 79%, respectively, while for PET MR, it was 99.4, 100, and 98.6% versus 74.4, 31.2, and 62% for BS.
Conclusion Our study recommends the use of integrated 18F FDG PETMR for podiatry-related problems, as it provides excellent ST demarcation and information on associated bone involvement, if any. It helps in accurately differentiating OM versus Charcot's foot; more so in surgically intervened or previously debrided foot when compared with the other two modalities. 18F FDG PETMR clearly demarcates the depth and extent of surgery one must perform to get a reprieve from occult pockets of infection so as to attain a disease-free status. Given the paucity of evidence for integrated PETMR usage in foot-related indications, our small sample study highlights its superiority for clearly delineating and diagnosing various foot pathologies, infections, especially in the clinical setting of postsurgery/debrided foot.
Far-right movement-party activism as strategy: Germany’s ‘peace movement’ during Russia’s war against Ukraine
Authors: Weisskircher Manès 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article studies the strategic considerations behind far-right movement-partyism in the context of ‘new’ issues such as Russia’s war against Ukraine. The question of military support to Ukraine, high energy prices, and the reception of war refugees soon became salient issues in many European states. In Germany, the government, dominated by the centre-left, moved towards greater military support. The loudest opponents of arms supply and sanctions were found within the far-right party Alternative für Deutschland (Alternative for Germany, AfD). Perhaps paradoxically, many AfD politicians, together with a variety of far-right social movement groups and prominent activists, even went to the streets, portraying themselves as new ‘peace movement’. The article asks: What are the far rights’ motives behind going to the streets? What should these efforts organizationally achieve? And what does street mobilization in the context of war teach us about the state of far-right movement-partyism more generally? The article highlights the following strategic motives of the far right: (1) the long-term aim of strengthening of organizational structures beyond the electoral arena and (2) the attraction of (former) left-wingers through ‘Querfront’ (‘cross-front’) strategies. The article also studies (3) far-right activists’ ambivalent self-assessments of their success. Further analysing these strategic considerations, the article provides important contributions to debates on the far right's mainstreaming and normalization efforts, their own intellectual reflection of strategy, and the impact of their efforts.
Development of new gas analytical technique for infrared spectroscopy combined with differential pressure measurements
Authors: Che Dock-Chil , Muramatsu Satoru , Azuma Shuntaro , Inokuchi Yoshiya 
Published: December 2024

A new gas analytical technique for infrared laser spectroscopy combined with differential pressure measurement (IR-DP) is developed. The basic idea of this technique is that the absorption process of molecules by laser irradiation is monitored as the pressure enhancement in a gas cell by use of a differential pressure gauge. The system is composed of a tunable IR laser system, sample cell, differential pressure gauge, and data accumulation system. Using this system, the measurements of the IR absorption spectra for cyclohexane (50 ppm) and ammonia (100 ppm) are demonstrated. By comparison of the current IR-DP spectra with conventional Fourier-transform infrared spectra, the spectral resolution is found to be about 3 cm−1, reflecting the laser resolution. Furthermore, the estimated pressure enhancement based on a simple model is consistent with the experimental results. These results suggest that the newly developed IR-DP technique is one of a powerful tool for trace gas detection.
Sensitivity functions of space-borne gravitational wave detectors under the metric gravity theory
Authors: Zhou Jing , Wang Pan-Pan , Shao Cheng-Gang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Gravitational waves (GWs) have six possible polarization modes, and whose successful detection can effectively test the gravitational properties under the strong field theory and help distinguish between different theories of gravity. Space-based GW detectors can respond differently to different polarization modes and can be used to measure the polarization states of GWs. However, during the detection process, multiple noises can swamp the faint GW signals, thus, it is essential to develop highly sophisticated experimental techniques and data processing methods to suppress the noises. For the most dominant laser frequency noise, time-delay interferometry technique is employed to construct a virtual equal-arm interferometer by performing appropriate time-delay and linear combination of data streams. This ensures the laser frequency noise is suppressed below the noise floor composed of test-mass noise and shot noise. To present the responsiveness of the detector to the polarization modes of GW signals and to clarify the corresponding characteristic regularities. In this paper, we calculate and analyze the sensitivity functions of 45 core geometric time-delay interferometry technique (TDI) combinations under the six polarization modes allowed by the metric gravity theory. The analysis is based on arbitrary second-generation TDI that can be independently linearly expanded by first-generation generators. It turns out that the sensitivity functions of 45 TDI combinations in different polarization modes are classified into exactly the same 11 categories, and there are obvious characteristic patterns in the asymptotic behavior of these sensitivity functions. These results can help to measure the GW polarization states, understand the nature of fields beyond the gravitational field, and provide some support for distinguishing gravitational theories. In addition, the sensitivity functions of multi-type TDI combinations can be applied to the parameter estimation to improve the localization accuracy of all-sky GW sources.
Critical comparison of interfacial boundary conditions in modelling plasma–liquid interaction
Authors: Heirman Pepijn , Bogaerts Annemie 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Several computational models have been developed over the past decade with the goal to investigate the various processes that occur during plasma–liquid interaction. However, many different boundary conditions to describe transfer of chemical species over the gas–liquid interface have been reported in these investigations. In this work, we employ a computational model to test these various boundary conditions, and compare the results to experimental data for H2O2, O3, ·NO and HNO2, in order to assess how well these boundary conditions can describe the dissolution of different species. We show that the validity of the different formulas depends on the solubility of the investigated chemical species; they appear valid for species with high solubility (H2O2), but not for species with low (O3 and ·NO) or intermediate (HNO2) solubility. Finally, we propose an approach to reach better agreement, based on film theory in combination with the mass accommodation coefficient.
Fault detection for industrial processes based on time-serial maximal deviation analysis
Authors: Xu Jing , Tong Chudong , Hu Guowei , Luo Lijia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The application of feature extraction algorithms in data-driven fault detection has been widely investigated for industrial processes, with a wide range of multivariate analytical methods available in the literature for this purpose. However, mainstream methods all focus on exploiting the systematic variation in historical normal samples and a fault is usually isolated as a deviation from the characterized normal signatures. For the sole purpose of fault detection in dynamic processes, it may be more effective to timely and adaptively uncover deviations inherent in time-serial variations for online sequential samples of interest, rather than focusing solely on extracting latent representations from normal samples. Therefore, a novel feature extraction algorithm called time-serial maximal deviation analysis (TSMDA) is proposed. TSMDA is designed to derive a projecting scheme with dynamically determined projecting vectors in a timely manner, so that possible time-serial deviations in newly measured sequential samples can be adaptively uncovered to the greatest extent possible. Most importantly, TSMDA cannot be executed without the involvement of online monitored samples and it is expected to guarantee consistently enhanced fault detectability. The effectiveness of the proposed fault detection method is validated through practical experiments on two industrial processes and the influence of key model parameters on fault detectability is also evaluated.
Ultra-wideband terahertz metamaterial absorber with polarization insensitivity and broad incidence angle absorption
Authors: Zhang Yanpeng , Sun Xuehong , Li Zhanxiong , Liu Liping , Qin Guoche 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Terahertz metamaterials absorbing materials (TMAs) are a subject of interest due to their capacity to absorb specific electromagnetic waves. This study proposes an ultra-wideband perfectly absorbing metamaterial absorber (MMA) with polarisation insensitivity and wide incident absorption angle for the terahertz (THz) band. The TMA employs vanadium dioxide(VO2) as the resonant layer, obstructing electromagnetic waves from traversing the metamaterial via a gold substrate to create a straightforward Fabry–Perot asymmetric resonant cavity and broadening the bandwidth through the incorporation of a square frequency selective surface (S-FSS) array. The experimental simulations demonstrate that the TMA exhibits an ultra-wide absorption bandwidth of 9.54 THz, with up to 90% absorption within the 2.9–12.44 THz range. Furthermore, the tunability of VO2 conductivity has been leveraged to achieve a controllable absorption range of 5%–99%. The incident angle sensitivity of TMA to TE and TM polarisation was subjected to further investigation. It was observed that the TMA can sustain a relative bandwidth exceeding 66% and an absorption rate surpassing 90% in the 60° region. Additionally, it can achieve a relative bandwidth of up to 129.4% at an incidence angle of 40°. It can therefore be concluded that the perfect absorber with ultra-wide absorption bandwidth, as designed in this study, has potential applications in optical tunable absorber devices and other fields.
A computational exploration of structural, electronic, and optical properties of Hf- substituted CaZr1-x HfxS3 (x = 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75) for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Kassa Mulugetta D , Woldemariam Menberu M , Debelo Nebiyou G , Gebremeskel Desalegn K , Habura Kunsa H 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the structural, electronic, and optical properties of Hf-substituted (

C
a
Z

r

1
−
x

H

f

x

S

3

, where

x
=
0.25
,
0.50

, and

0.75

) for photovoltaic applications. Using first-principles calculations within the Quantum Espresso framework, we explore the effects of Hf incorporation on the orthorhombic crystal structure (Pnma space group). The study reveals that Hf substitution significantly influences the material’s properties, including lattice parameters, band gap, and optical absorption. The calculated band gaps for Hf-substituted are smaller than the experimental value for unsubstituted , indicating enhanced suitability for photovoltaic applications. Moreover, Hf substitution improves the thermal, mechanical, and chemical stability of the material. The results suggest that Hf-substituted is a promising candidate for high-efficiency, stable, and environmentally friendly photovoltaic devices.