bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploiting a low tax system: non-tax-induced cigarette price increases in Taiwan 2011–2016
Authors: Gao Wayne , Sanna Mattia , Branston J Robert , Chiou Hung-Yi , Chen Yi-Hua , Wu Allison , Wen Chi Pang 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionThis study aims to analyse the non-tax-induced price increasing strategies adopted by tobacco industry in Taiwan, a high-income country with comprehensive tobacco control policies but low tobacco taxes and a declining cigarette market.MethodsUsing governmental tax, price and inflation data, we analysed cigarette sales volume, affordability, affordability elasticity of demand, market share, pricing and net revenue of the top five tobacco companies in Taiwan from 2011 to 2016 when no tax increases occurred.ResultsTotal revenue after tax grew significantly for all the major transnational tobacco companies between 2011 and 2016 at the expense of the state-owned Taiwan Tobacco and Liquor Corporation. In terms of market share, Japan Tobacco (JT) was the leading company, despite experiencing a small decline, while British American Tobacco and Imperial Brands remained stable, and Philip Morris International increased from 4.7% to 7.0%. JT adopted the most effective pricing strategy by increasing the real price of its two most popular brands (Mevius and Mi-Ne) and, at the same time, doubling the sales of its cheaper and less popular brand Winston by leaving its nominal retail price unaltered.ConclusionsLow and unchanged tobacco taxes enable tobacco companies to use aggressive pricing and segmentation strategies to increase the real price of cigarettes without making them less affordable while simultaneously maintaining customers’ loyalty. It is crucial to continue monitoring the industry’s pricing strategies and to regularly increase taxes to promote public health and to prevent tobacco industry from profiting at the expense of government revenues.
Heated tobacco product use among Korean adolescents
Authors: Kang Heewon , Cho Sung-il 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundHeated tobacco products (HTPs) may compromise decades-long efforts to marginalise the tobacco industry. Their appeal to adolescents imposes a risk of a new tobacco epidemic. Empirical evidence on the behavioural patterns of HTP use among adolescents is required. We investigated the prevalence of HTP use and the association between use of HTPs and e-cigarettes and attempts to quit smoking cigarettes.MethodsNationally representative cross-sectional survey data of South Korean adolescents aged 12–18 years (mean age: 15 years) were used. The survey was conducted 1 year after the introduction of HTPs in Korea. A total of 59 532 adolescents were identified. Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression results are presented.ResultsIn all, 2.8% of South Korean adolescents were ever HTP users. Among these, 75.5% were current cigarette users, 45.6% were current e-cigarette users and 40.3% were concurrent users of cigarettes and e-cigarettes. Unlike ever use of e-cigarettes, which was associated with a higher likelihood of cigarette quit attempts (adjusted OR (aOR)=1.35, 95% CI: 1.16 to 1.58), no difference in cigarette quit attempts was found for ever use of HTPs (aOR=1.07, 95% CI: 0.91 to 1.26).ConclusionConsidering the recent introduction of HTPs to the Korean market and less than 1% prevalence of e-cigarette when first introduced, the prevalence of ever HTP use among Korean adolescents is an important concern. The results showing high polytobacco use and the lack of an association between HTP use and cigarette quit attempts call for a ban on HTP advertisements with modified harm claims.
How to evaluate diagnosis and management of biliary atresia in the era of liver Transplantation in China
Authors: Zhan Jianghua , Chen Yajun , Wong Kenneth K Y 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundBiliary atresia (BA) is one of the most challenging hepatobiliary diseases in children. Notwithstanding the reasonable outcome of liver transplantation (LT), portoenteral anastomosis (Kasai operation) is still the first choice of treatment for patients with BA. How to improve the survival rate of the patients with BA in the era of LT is a new challenge.Data sourcesBased on recent original publications and the experience with the BA in China, we review many factors that influence BA survival situation, including early diagnosis and screen plan, defects of early treatment, Kasai operation, and LT and indicate present questions about BA diagnosis and treatment in China.ResultsBA diagnosis may also be delayed due to insufficient understanding of BA and lack of jaundice monitoring methods at different levels of the hospitals in China. Further education of the physicians at smaller city hospitals about BA, neonatal jaundice and cholestasis would be helpful in improving early diagnosis of BA. Early surgical intervention is still the only guarantee to improve the survival rate of BA with native liver.ConclusionsIn the era of LT, especially in China, Kasai operation can provide waiting time for living donor LT and improve the success rate of LT and minimize the rapid deterioration of liver function of the children with BA and decrease the mortality in patients with BA.
Bishop Koop conversion of temporary stoma can be an option to establish gut continuity early when primary anastomosis is not safe
Authors: Hasan Md Samiul , Rahman Ashrarur , Huq Umama , Ferdous Kazi Nur Ul , Ali Md Ayub 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundIntestinal perforation and sometimes obstruction in neonates demand diverting stomas which are associated with fluid, electrolytes and nutrient loss. Early establishment of gut continuity is the key to the best outcome, though primary anastomosis is not always safe. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Bishop Koop stoma in establishing early continuity of gut and confirming the function of distal gut.MethodsData of patients who underwent Bishop Koop conversion of diverting stoma from July 2016 to June 2018 were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic and outcome data were recorded and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) V.22 software. Ethical permission was taken from hospital ethical committee.Results29 patients were included (16 male and 13 female). Mean age of conversion was 5.8±2.5 months and mean weight was 4.9±1.6. Normal bowel movement was established in 26 patients. One patient died of sepsis on sixth postoperative day and one had anastomotic leakage. There was no significant difference with respect to outcome between perforation and obstruction group. Bishop Koop stomas were closed after 6 weeks of formation.ConclusionsBishop Koop conversion of temporary stoma was turned out as a good choice for these patients.
Effect of inguinal hernia on the thickness and blood flow of spermatic cord in boys
Authors: Huang Shoujiang , Li Canping , Yang Xiuzhen , Liang Jianfeng , Wang Dongpi 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of inguinal hernia (IH) on the spermatic cord using spermatic cord ultrasonography (SCU).MethodsFrom January 2016 to January 2017, boys with IH who received SCU at the start of open herniorrhaphy (OH) were enrolled in this study. The age and weight at SCU, width of the spermatic cord (SC-W), peak systolic velocity (PSV) in the spermatic artery (SA-PSV) and velocity in the pampiniform plexus (PP-V), and the interval between the initial and the second OH in boys with metachronous inguinal hernia (MIH) were recorded, and the relationship among them was studied. Boys with unilateral IH comprised the IH group, and boys with MIH comprised the MIH group. Boys with polydactylism served as the control. One-way analysis of variance tested the differences among groups. Spearman’s r tested the relationship between SC-W in the MIH group and the interval.ResultsA total of 80 boys were enrolled in this study (IH group 29, MIH group 26, and control group 25). SA-PSV and PP-V in the hernia side were faster and slower than the control, respectively. There was no significant difference in PP-V and SA-PSV of the treated side in the MIH group and in the control group. After herniorrhaphy, SC-W was tapered down to normal size. SC-W, SA-PSV, and PP-V in the treated side were all highly correlated to the interval in a curvilinear manner.ConclusionPSV was positively correlated with SC-W in boys with IH, and PP-V was negatively correlated; herniorrhaphy could reverse the impairment.
Preoperative portal vein embolization followed by right hepatectomy to treat a complex common bile duct injury in a 5-year-old child
Authors: Glinka Juan , Bruballa Rocio , de Santibañes Martin , Sanchez Clariá Rodrigo , Ardiles Victoria , Mazza Oscar María , Pekolj Juan , de Santibañes Eduardo 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundCommon bile duct injuries (CBDIs) remains a rare but serious complication in children undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), with an incidence of 0.44%. In severe lesions, a major liver resection may be necessary as a definitive treatment. The current principles for safe hepatectomy are mainly focused on the liver parenchyma that remains after resection. Therefore, one of the main factors related to posthepatectomy hepatic insufficiency is the quantity and quality of the future liver remnant (FLR). To achieve an optimal FLR, techniques such as portal vein embolization (PVE) are available.Case presentationWe present the case of a 5-year-old child with a severe CBDI after LC, treated with preoperative PVE followed by a right hepatectomy as definitive treatment. No reports of liver resections and PVE are described in the literature concerning the pediatric population.
Understanding Factors Associated with Uptake of<b><i> BRCA1/2</i></b> Genetic Testing<b><i></i></b> among Orthodox Jewish Women in the USA Using a Mixed-Methods Approach
Authors: Trivedi Meghna S. , Colbeth Hilary , Yi Haeseung , Vanegas Alejandro , Starck Rebecca , Chung Wendy K. , Appelbaum Paul S. , Kukafka Rita , Schechter Isaac , Crew Katherine D. 
Published: June 2019

<b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> Ashkenazi Jews have a 1:40 prevalence of <i>BRCA1/2</i> mutations. Orthodox Jews are an understudied population with unique cultural and religious factors that may influence <i>BRCA1/2</i> genetic testing uptake. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Using a mixed-methods approach, we conducted a cross-sectional survey and focus groups among Orthodox Jewish women in New York/New Jersey to explore factors affecting decision-making about<i> BRCA1/2</i> genetic testing. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Among 321 evaluable survey participants, the median age was 47 years (range, 25–82); 56% were Modern Orthodox and 44% Yeshivish/Chassidish/other; 84% were married; 7% had a personal history of breast or ovarian cancer. Nearly 20% of the women had undergone <i>BRCA1/2</i>genetic testing. Predictors of genetic testing uptake included being Modern Orthodox (odds ratio [OR] = 2.31), married (OR = 3.49), and having a personal or family history of breast or ovarian cancer (OR = 9.74). Focus group participants (<i>n</i> = 31) confirmed the importance of rabbinic consultation in medical decision-making and revealed that stigma was a prominent factor in decisions about <i>BRCA1/2</i> testing due to its potential impact on marriageability. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> In order to increase the uptake of <i>BRCA1/2</i> genetic testing among the Orthodox Jewish population, it is crucial to understand religious and cultural factors, such as stigma and effect on marriageability, and engage religious leaders in raising awareness within the community.
Alexandre d’Aphrodise et les Présocratiques
Authors: Bonelli Maddalena 
Published: June 2019

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:
"Alexandre d’Aphrodise fut un célèbre philosophe et commentateur aristotélicien qui a eu son floruit au commencement du IIIe siècle après J.-C., et qui a enseigné la philosophie aristotélicienne à Athènes. L’importance de la considération d’Alexandre pour les présocratiques réside dans le fait qu’il a été un point de repère insigne pour tous les commentateurs d’Aristote successifs, et notamment pour Simplicius (VIe après J.-C.) qui, lui, est l’une des sources les plus importantes pour la reconstruction des doctrines présocratiques. L’on retrouve des références aux présocratiques dans plusieurs textes d’Alexandre (notamment dans les commentaires des textes d’Aristote, par exemple dans les commentaires des livres Alpha et Gamma de la Métaphysique, du De sensu, des Meteorologica et des Topiques), mais pour une raison que j’expliquerai, je me contenterai de son commentaire du livre Alpha de la Métaphysique."
Les Fantômes du Parlement
Authors: Niango Matthieu 
Published: June 2019

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:
"La marche de l’Histoire s’expliquerait donc en partie par la succession et l’affrontement des définitions de l'homme. Peut-on en percevoir le bruissement dans les pas que l’humanité accomplit chaque jour ? Les quatre « figures » de l’homme que Francis Wolff met au jour dans Notre humanité – l’animal rationnel d’Aristote, l’union de l’âme et du corps de Descartes, le « sujet assujetti » ou Homme structural, conceptualisé par les sciences humaines au XXe siècle, enfin, l’Homme naturalisé ou Homme neuronal, qui sous-tend les développements scientifiques contemporains – jouent-elles un rôle dans la vie politique actuelle ?"
Genèse des Mélanges
Authors: Giovacchini Julie , Lemaire Juliette 
Published: June 2019

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:
"L’idée de ces Mélanges me fut venue lorsque j’appris avec beaucoup de tristesse le départ en retraite de Francis Wolff, à la fin de l’année 2014.Mon maître devenu ami quittait l’Ens, ses élèves, ses collègues et ses murs, lui qui m’avait tant appris, lui sans lequel je ne serais pas celle que je suis.Succédant à la tristesse me vint l’idée des Mélanges donc : offrir un livre à Francis pour le remercier, et lui dire ma reconnaissance et mon amitié. J’en parlai à mon amie Julie, et l’aventure commença."
Un Quatuor
Authors: Babin Jean-Pierre , Carvallo Sarah , Faye Barthélémy , Menasseyre Anne-Sophie 
Published: June 2019

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:
"Ouverture
Wolff, disait le programme d’agrégation.Un professeur entra.C’était un homme de la quarantaine, de taille moyenne mais bien prise, l’œil vif etspirituel, les cheveux fous, comme il arrive toujours lorsqu’on a trouvé la vie trop bonne ou trop mauvaise, et surtout quand on est fort brun.Wolff fit quatre pas dans la salle de cours qu’il reconnaissait pour y être venu vingt ans auparavant.C’est vous qui êtes Wolff ?Par la fenêtre, un élève chantait :Un vent de fronde s’est levé ce matin. Je crois qu’il gronde. Soyons libres, Philosophons."
De l’Attachement du Philosophe à son Ecole
Authors: Rashed Marwan 
Published: June 2019

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:
"Francis Wolff a consacré une partie de ses recherches en philosophie ancienne à la question du disciple. On peut même dire qu’il a fait de cette question, purement historique jusqu’à lui, une question philosophique. Éclairant sa position par contraste avec celle du disciple socratique et celle du disciple épicurien, Francis Wolff a défini l’entreprise du disciple aristotélicien par trois traits principaux : systématisation, retour à lettre, commentarisme indéfini. Il n’est en effet, pour reprendre les termes de Francis Wolff, « ni le disciple créateur de doctrines comme le socratique, ni le disciple répétiteur de celle du maître comme l’épicurien, mais le disciple interprète ». Ce serait pour cette raison qu’« à l’exception de Théophraste, son successeur et son seul vrai disciple, le Lycée ne donnera plus naissance à aucun philosophe marquant ». Avec ce constat abrupt et la notion de disciple qui s’en dégage et où il s’intègre, il me semble pourtant que nous nous trouvons au milieu du gué."
A review on crocodilian nesting habitats and their characterisation via remote sensing
Authors: Banon Gabriela , Arraut Eduardo , Villamarín Francisco , Marioni Boris , Moulatlet Gabriel , Rennó Camilo , Banon Gerald , Novo Evlyn 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Crocodilians usually remain inside or near their nests during most vulnerable life stages (as eggs, neonates and reproductive females). Thus, protection of nesting sites is one of the most appropriate conservation actions for these species. Nesting sites are often found across areas with difficult access, making remote sensing a valuable tool used to derive environmental variables for characterisation of nesting habitats. In this study, we (i) review crocodilian nesting habitats worldwide to identify key variables for nesting site distribution: proximity to open-water, open-water stability, vegetation, light, precipitation, salinity, soil properties, temperature, topography, and flooding status, (ii) present a summary of the relative importance of these variables for each crocodilian species, (iii) identify knowledge gaps in the use of remote sensing methods currently used to map potential crocodilian nesting sites, and (iv) provide insight into how these remotely sensed variables can be derived to promote research on crocodilian ecology and conservation. We show that few studies have used remote sensing and that the range of images and methods used comprises a tiny fraction of what is available at little to no cost. Finally, we discuss how the combined use of remote sensing methods – optical, radar, and laser – may help overcome difficulties routinely faced in nest mapping (e.g., cloud cover, flooding beneath the forest canopy, or complicated relief) in a relevant way to crocodilians and to other semiaquatic vertebrates in different environments.
CONTEXTS, CONCEPTS AND CONTENTIONS: GENDER LEGISLATION AS POLITICS IN THE MIDDLE EAST
Authors: Charrad Mounira 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDebates over gender relevant legislation such as family law have led to serious conflict in many periods of Middle Eastern history, especially in recent times. One way to understand the intensity of the current debates is to recognize that gender issues raise fundamental questions about the relationship between individual and society and the role of states. In this article I argue that, in considering gender relevant legislation in the Middle East, we need to develop a framework that is different from the paradigms anchored in the politics of western liberal democracies in the U.S. and Western Europe. The frame of reference I propose is built upon the following propositions. (1) We should treat gender legislation in the Middle East as an inherently political matter that goes to the heart of the organization of power. Such a perspective opens up the possibility of considering the role of multiple and complex political processes including pressures from below by social movements and top down reforms. (2) We need to reformulate the concepts of tradition and modernity that have pervaded the study of gender in the Islamic world. Tradition and modernity as two distinct, well-defined cultural forms should be dropped altogether. Instead, the discourses of tradition and modernity should be taken as political constructs and the following question should be asked: who benefits from each discourse in given political contexts? (3) The role of kin-based solidarities should be considered in the nexus of conflicts and alliances that shape the process of state formation. The individualistic model of politics in western liberal democracies has limited value for the understanding of political processes in the historical development of the Middle East. The focus should be instead on the role of identities based in communities that define themselves in collective and ascriptive terms of common kinship.
THE ADMISSIBILITY OF REPUDIATION: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN DUTCH, FRENCH AND BELGIAN PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW
Authors: Foblets Marie-Claire 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article reports on the most recent developments in Dutch, French and Belgian private international law concerning the problem of the recognition of repudiation. The comparison among the three systems—Dutch, French and Belgian—points to a noticeable disparity: France and Belgium have recently opted to strengthen their treatment of foreign repudiation. In 2005 the Netherlands decided to take a less strict approach. We review here in turn the French, Belgian, and Dutch positions.
Sexual Harassment in Egypt
Authors: El-Ashmawy Nadeen 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Although sexual harassment is a worldwide phenomenon, the contemporary case of sexual harassment in Egypt is noteworthy, as the nation only recently occupied a top position on the map of sexual harassment on a world scale. In November 2013, Egypt was declared by the Thomson Reuters Foundation as the worst country for women to live in within the Arab World when compared to twenty-two other Arab countries, largely as a result of its female sexual harassment rates.1 Similarly, and on a more international scale, the United Nations Population Fund declared Egypt as ranking “second in the world after Afghanistan in terms of this issue.”2 In the years following the 2011 revolution, the nature of sexual harassment in Egyptian society greatly evolved, as it transformed from a hidden phenomenon to an overtly prevalent social epidemic. This study presents the “weaponization” of sexual harassment as a common ground where class struggles, state policies, and women’s empowerment intertwine in post-revolutionary Egyptian society. It argues that the phenomenon was partially produced by an ongoing class struggle, manipulatively reproduced by the state, and strategically resisted by women for different yet interrelated reasons.
Social Capital as a Lubricant for Exercising Rights
Authors: Zal W.A. Amir 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This article explores how social capital acts as a lubricant to create good interactions and relationships to help Muslim communities exercise their rights, buttressed by support systems. An exploratory case study involving 24 participants is conducted in North East England. Findings reveal that good social capital assists participants in communicating beyond their communities, and creates mutual understanding and acceptance within Muslim communities and with other locals. Muslim community organisations and support systems help them exercise their rights and practise religious obligations. Thus, social capital is a lubricant that helps the Muslim community exercise their rights and be accepted as locals.
‘Musics’, Bellermann’s Anonymi, and the Art of the Aulos
Authors: Hagel Stefan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Apart from the better studied musical ‘handbooks’ of the Roman period, mostly focused on matters of harmonics and sometimes rhythmics, there was a type of text known as ‘Musics’. The article discusses their characteristics, their function in ancient schooling and their relation to extant texts and excerpts, most notably the collection known as Bellermann’s Anonymi. The ‘instrumental exercises’ found at the end of these are evaluated as instrumental pieces posing various challenges to beginners on the aulos; a new rhythmical reconstruction is proposed for one of them.