bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A REVIEW ON SUB-COOLING IN VAPOR COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION CYCLE FOR ENERGY SAVING
Authors: Sumeru Kasni , Sukri Mohamad Firdaus , Falahuddin Muhamad Anda , Setyawan Andriyanto 
Published: August 2019

Vapor compression refrigeration cycle (VCRC) is widely used in refrigeration and air conditioning (R&A) systems. Sub-cooling is used to improve the coefficient of performance (COP) of the R&A system by enhancing the cooling capacity. This paper presents various sub-cooling methods, which have been established and applied to enhance the performance of the VCRC. In a simple cycle of VCRC, the exit of the condenser is at saturated liquid line. Further cooling of the exit condenser to the sub-cooled region can result in an increase in the cooling capacity due to low vapor quality refrigerant entering the evaporator. As a result, the refrigerant absorbs more heat in the evaporator. The lower the quality of the refrigerant entering the evaporator, the higher the cooling capacity that is produced by the evaporator. This cooling capacity improvement results in an increase in the COP. In the present study, four sub-cooling methods are reviewed, which are liquid-suction heat exchanger, dedicated mechanical sub-cooling, integrated mechanical sub-cooling and condensate assisted sub-cooling. The advantages and drawbacks of each method, as well as future research direction in this research domain were discussed in detail.
Towards an explicit local Jacquet–Langlands correspondence beyond the cuspidal case
Authors: Sécherre Vincent , Stevens Shaun 
Published: August 2019

We show how the modular representation theory of inner forms of general linear groups over a non-Archimedean local field can be brought to bear on the complex theory in a remarkable way. Let$\text{F}$be a non-Archimedean locally compact field of residue characteristic$p$, and let$\text{G}$be an inner form of the general linear group$\text{GL}_{n}(\text{F})$for$n\geqslant 1$. We consider the problem of describing explicitly the local Jacquet–Langlands correspondence$\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}\mapsto _{\text{JL}}\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}$between the complex discrete series representations of$\text{G}$and$\text{GL}_{n}(\text{F})$, in terms of type theory. We show that the congruence properties of the local Jacquet–Langlands correspondence exhibited by A. Mínguez and the first author give information about the explicit description of this correspondence. We prove that the problem of the invariance of the endo-class by the Jacquet–Langlands correspondence can be reduced to the case where the representations$\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}$and$_{\text{JL}}\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}$are both cuspidal with torsion number$1$. We also give an explicit description of the Jacquet–Langlands correspondence for all essentially tame discrete series representations of$\text{G}$, up to an unramified twist, in terms of admissible pairs, generalizing previous results by Bushnell and Henniart. In positive depth, our results are the first beyond the case where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}$and$_{\text{JL}}\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}$are both cuspidal.
Distinct Methods for Assessing Compliance With a Physical Activity Guideline for Children in Preschools
Authors: Tompkins Connie L. , Shoulberg Erin K. , Meyer Lori E. , Martin Caroline P. , Dennis Marissa , Krasner Allison , Hoza Betsy 
Published: August 2019

Background: According to the US Institute of Medicine guideline, preschool-aged children should participate in ≥15 minutes of physical activity (PA) per hour or 3 hours per day over 12 hours. Examinations of PA guideline compliance to date averaged time spent in PA over several days; however, children could exceed the guideline on some days and not on others. Therefore, this cross-sectional study examined PA guideline compliance in preschool children based on number of minutes per hour (average method) and percentage of days the guideline was met (everyday method). Methods: PA was measured by accelerometry during the preschool day for up to 10 days in 177 children (59.3% males, Mage = 4.23). Minutes per hour and percentage of time in light, moderate to vigorous, and total PAs were calculated. Percentage of days in compliance was determined by number of days in compliance (defined as the child active on average ≥15 min/h) divided by total accelerometer days. Results: Children engaged in PA, on average, 17.01 minutes per hour, suggesting that on average, children are meeting the guideline. However, children were only in compliance with the PA guideline 62.41% of assessment days. Conclusions: Findings demonstrate the importance of examining compliance with both the average and everyday methods to more accurately portray level of Institute of Medicine PA guideline compliance.
Antiretroviral treatment can reduce the risk of HIV transmission between male partners to ‘zero’
Authors: Cook Rob , Davidson Peter ,   clinical adviser,2, Martin Rosie 
Published: August 2019

The studyA Rodger, V Cambiano, T Bruun, et al. Risk of HIV transmission through condomless sex in serodifferent gay couples with the HIV-positive partner taking suppressive antiretroviral therapy (PARTNER): final results of a multicentre, prospective, observational study. Lancet 2019;393:2428-38.This project was funded by the NIHR Research for Patient Benefit Programme (project number PB-PG-1013-32069).To read the full NIHR Signal, go to https://discover.dc.nihr.ac.uk/content/signal-000785/antiretroviral-treatment-can-reduce-the-risk-of-hiv-transmission-between-male-partners-to-zero
Mapping the evidence about what works to safely reduce the entry of children and young people into statutory care: a systematic scoping review protocol
Authors: Brand Sarah L , Morgan Fiona , Stabler Lorna , Weightman Alison Lesley , Willis Simone , Searchfield Lydia , Nurmatov Ulugbek , Kemp Alison Mary , Turley Ruth , Scourfield Jonathan , Forrester Donald , Evans Rhiannon E 
Published: August 2019

IntroductionThe increasing number of children and young people entering statutory care in the UK is a significant social, health and educational priority. Development of effective approaches to safely reduce this number remains a complex but critical issue. Despite a proliferation in interventions, evidence summaries are limited. The present protocol outlines a scoping review of research evidence to identify what works in safely reducing the number of children and young people (aged ≤18 years) entering statutory social care. The mapping of evidence gaps, clusters and uncertainties will inform the research programme of the newly funded Department for Education’s What Works Centre for Children’s Social Care.Methods and analysisThe review uses Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review methodology. Electronic database and website searches will identify studies targeting reduction of care entry, reduction of care re-entry and increase in post-care reunification. Supplementary searching techniques will include international expert consultation. Abstracts and full-text studies will be independently screened by two reviewers. Ten per cent of data abstraction will be independently conducted by two reviewers, with the remainder being extracted and then verified by a second reviewer. Descriptive numerical summaries and a thematic qualitative synthesis will be generated. Evidence will be synthesised according to primary outcome, intervention point (mapped across socioecological domains) and the realist EMMIE categorisation of evidence type (Effectiveness; Mechanisms of change; Moderators; Implementation; Economic evaluation).Ethics and disseminationOutputs will be a conceptual evidence map, a descriptive table quantitatively summarising evidence and a qualitative narrative summary. Results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication, conference presentations, the What Works Centre website, and knowledge translation events with policy-makers and practitioners. Findings will inform the primary research programme of the What Works Centre for Children’s Social Care and the subsequent suite of systematic reviews to be conducted by the Centre in this substantive area.
Multifaceted self-management interventions for older women with urinary incontinence: a systematic review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Fu Yu , Nelson E Andrea , McGowan Linda 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo synthesise the evidence for the multifaceted self-management interventions for older women with urinary incontinence (UI) and to understand the outcomes associated with these interventions.DesignA systematic review and narrative synthesis to identify randomised controlled trials that investigated the effect of multifaceted self-management interventions for older women with UI.MethodsMEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, CINAHL and Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts databases were searched (January 1990 to May 2019) using a systematic search strategy, complemented by manually screening the reference lists and citation indexes. Study selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment were undertaken independently. A narrative synthesis was undertaken in which studies, interventions and outcomes were examined based on the intervention components. The effect size and 95% CI were estimated from each study.ResultsA total of 13 147 citations were identified and 16 studies were included. There was no study rated as of high quality. Three types of multifaceted interventions were found: those that had an element of pelvic floor muscle exercises (PFME), those with bladder retraining and some with combination behavioural interventions. Outcome measures varied across studies. A statistically significant improvement in incontinence symptoms was reported in the intervention group compared with the control in 15 studies.ConclusionMultifaceted interventions that included PFME, bladder retraining or combination behavioural techniques appear to be useful in some settings for UI management in older women, but the quality of the evidence was poor and unclear. There was insufficient evidence to determine whether any of the combination of components is superior to others in improving UI symptoms. There is a need for high-quality studies to confirm the effectiveness of these interventions and to identify comparative effectiveness.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018104010.
Understanding patient profiles and characteristics of current chiropractic practice: a cross-sectional Ontario Chiropractic Observation and Analysis STudy (O-COAST)
Authors: Mior Silvano , Wong Jessica , Sutton Deborah , Beliveau Peter J H , Bussières André , Hogg-Johnson Sheilah , French Simon 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesThere is no current detailed profile of people seeking chiropractic care in Canada. We describe the profiles of chiropractors’ practice and the reasons, nature of the care provided to their patients and extent of interprofessional collaborations in Ontario, Canada.DesignCross-sectional observational study.SettingPrimary care setting in Ontario, Canada.ParticipantsWe randomly recruited chiropractors from a list of registered chiropractors (n=3978) in active practice in 2015. Of the 135 randomly selected chiropractors, 120 were eligible, 43 participated and 42 completed the study.Outcome measuresEach chiropractor recorded information for up to 100 consecutive patient encounters, documenting patient health profiles, reasons for encounter, diagnoses and care provided. Descriptive statistics summarised chiropractor, patient and encounter characteristics, with analyses accounting for clustering and design effects.ResultsChiropractors provided data on 3523 chiropractor-patient encounters. More than 65% of participating chiropractors were male, mean age 44 years and had practised on average 15 years. The typical patient was female (59% of encounters), between 45 and 64 years (43%) and retired (21%) or employed in business and administration (13%). Most (39.4%) referrals were from other patients, with 6.8% from physicians. Approximately 68% of patients paid out of pocket or claimed extended health insurance for care. Most common diagnoses were back (49%, 95% CI 44 to 56) and neck (15%, 95% CI 13 to 18) problems, with few encounters related to maintenance/preventive care (0.86%, 95% CI 0.2 to 3.9) and non-musculoskeletal problems (1.3%, 95% CI 0.7 to 2.3). The most common treatments included spinal manipulation (72%), soft tissue therapy (70%) and mobilisation (35%).ConclusionsThis is the most comprehensive profile to date of chiropractic practice in Canada. People who present to Ontario chiropractors are mostly adults with a musculoskeletal condition. Our results can be used by stakeholders to make informed decisions about workforce development, education and healthcare policy related to chiropractic care.
Acupuncture for refractory gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Li Dacheng , Zhu Li , Liu Daming 
Published: August 2019

IntroductionRefractory gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (rGORD) is a common disease, affecting patients’ quality of life. Since conventional medicines have limitations, like low effective rates and adverse events, acupuncture may be a promising therapy for rGORD. While no related systematic review has been published, the present study is designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for rGORD.Methods and analysisPubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Chinese electronic databases, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan Fang database, VIP, SinoMed and the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, will be searched from establishment of the database to 31 August 2019. There will be no limitations on language, and all articles will be screened and collected by two reviewers independently. RevMan V.5.3.5 software will be used for meta-analysis, and the conduction of study will refer to the Cochrane Handbook for Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocol guidelines. The efficacy and safety of acupuncture for rGORD will be evaluated based on outcomes, including global symptom improvement, oesophageal sphincter function test measured by high-resolution manometry, quality of life, recurrence rate and adverse events.Ethics and disseminationThere is no necessity for this study to acquire an ethical approval, and this review will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal or conference presentation.Trial registration numberCRD42018111912.
Emotional disclosure as a therapeutic intervention in palliative care: a scoping review protocol
Authors: McInnerney Daisy , Kupeli Nuriye , Stone Patrick , Anantapong Kanthee , Chan Justin , Candy Bridget 
Published: August 2019

IntroductionEmotional disclosure (ED) is a term used to describe the therapeutic expression of emotion. ED underlies a variety of therapies aimed at improving well-being for various populations, including people with palliative-stage disease and their family carers. Systematic reviews of ED-based psychotherapy have largely focused on expressive writing as a way of generating ED. However, heterogeneity in intervention format and outcome measures has made it difficult to analyse efficacy. There is also debate about the mechanisms proposed to explain the potential effects of ED.We present a scoping review protocol to develop a taxonomy of ED-based interventions to identify and categorise the spectrum of interventions that could be classified under the umbrella term of ‘emotional disclosure’ in the palliative care setting. By mapping these to associated treatment objectives, outcome measures and explanatory frameworks, the review will inform future efforts to design and evaluate ED-based therapies in this population.Methods and analysisThe review will be guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s five-stage scoping review framework and Levac’s extension. The following electronic databases will be searched from database inception: CENTRAL, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science and MEDLINE. We will include peer-reviewed studies and reviews. We will also check grey literature, including clinical trial registers, conference proceedings and reference lists, as well as contacting researchers. Articles will be screened by at least two independent reviewers and data charted using an extraction form developed for this review. Results will be analysed thematically to create a taxonomy of interventions, outcome measures and theoretical frameworks.Ethics and disseminationThis review does not require ethical approval as it is a secondary analysis of pre-existing, published data. The results will inform future research in the development of ED-based interventions and evaluation of their efficacy in the palliative care setting. We will disseminate findings through peer-reviewed journals.
Adolescents’ experiences of being diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a phenomenological study conducted in Sweden
Authors: Andersson Frondelius Iwona , Ranjbar Vania , Danielsson Louise 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesTo explore adolescents’ experiences of being diagnosed with Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).DesignQualitative interview study, using a phenomenological framework and analysis.SettingThe children’s clinic of a specialised out-care hospital located in a multicultural area of a Swedish city.Participants13 adolescents, 7 boys and 6 girls between 14 and 19 years old, who had been diagnosed with ADHD.ResultsThe participants’ experience of being diagnosed with ADHD was interpreted as a process of understanding oneself asbeing different, for better or worse, like many others. The participants sought acceptance and a sense of normality, while developing an understanding of both the positive and the negative sides of their ADHD traits. These two sides of a coin were inter-related parts of themselves and were shared by many others, which increased their acceptance. Three themes described phases of the process:struggling with vulnerability,responding to a labelandmanoeuvring social life.ConclusionThe results add to previous research, illuminating that the adolescents tried to make sense of both the uniqueness and the vulnerability of the ADHD diagnosis. The findings can be useful for healthcare professionals, in reflecting on the complexity of ADHD and on the adolescents’ expectations.
Individualised targets for insulin initiation in type 2 diabetes mellitus—the influence of physician and practice: a cross-sectional study in eight European countries
Authors: Boels Anne Meike , Koning Elwin , Vos Rimke C , Khunti Kamlesh , Rutten Guy EHM 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesTo determine at what glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level physicians from eight European countries would initiate insulin in type 2 diabetes, which physician or practice related factors influenced this level and whether physicians would differentiate between a younger uncomplicated patient and an older patient with comorbidities.DesignCross-sectional study with data from the Guideline Adherence to Enhance Care study.Setting and participants410 physicians from both primary and secondary care from Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Ireland, Sweden, the Netherlands and the UK.Outcome measuresPhysicians were asked at which HbA1c level they would initiate insulin for a young, uncomplicated patient (vignette 1) and for an older, complicated patient (vignette 2). We evaluated differences in HbA1c levels between physicians from different countries using analysis of variance. To identify physician and practice related factors associated with HbA1c level at initiation of insulin, we performed multivariable linear regression. Multiple imputation was used to deal with missing data.ResultsIn Germany, Ireland, Sweden, the Netherlands and the UK, the HbA1c levels for initiating insulin in vignette 2 (range: 60.0 to 66.0 mmol/mol; 7.6% to 8.2%) were higher than for vignette 1 (range: 57.2 to 64.2 mmol/mol; 7.4% to 8.0%). In multivariable analysis, the HbA1c level at which insulin was initiated only differed between countries (vignette 1): Dutch physicians initiated insulin at a lower HbA1c level compared with Belgium, France and the UK. No physician or practice factors were independently associated with HbA1c level at insulin initiation.ConclusionsWhen deciding on individualised HbA1c targets for insulin initiation, physicians from five countries took patient’s age and comorbidity into account. The HbA1c level at which physicians would initiate insulin therapy differed between countries.
On a generalization of weak flatness
Authors: Golchin Akbar , Abbasi Mahdiyeh , Saany Hossein Mohammadzadeh 
Published: August 2019

Laan in Pullbacks and flatness properties of acts I, [Commun. Algebra 29(2) (2001) 829–850] introduced Condition [Formula: see text], a generalization of Condition [Formula: see text]. Golchin and Mohammadzadeh in [On Condition ([Formula: see text]), Semigroup Forum 86(2) (2012) 413–430] introduced Condition [Formula: see text], a generalization of Condition [Formula: see text]. In this paper similarly, we introduce a generalization of weak flatness property, called [Formula: see text], and will classify monoids by this property of their acts. We also characterize [Formula: see text] coherent monoids in general and monoids coming from some special classes.
Long-Term Incidence and Growth of Chorioretinal Atrophy in Patients with Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy
Authors: Choi Eun Young , Park Sung Eun , Lee Sung Chul , Koh Hyoung Jun , Kim Sung Soo , Byeon Suk Ho , Kim Min , Lee Christopher Seungkyu 
Published: August 2019

<b><i>Purpose:</i></b> To investigate the long-term incidence and growth rate of chorioretinal atrophy (CRA) in patients with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) and determine the associated risk factors. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The medical records of 88 patients with unilateral symptomatic PCV who received anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections with or without photodynamic therapy (PDT) were analyzed retrospectively. Near-infrared fundus imaging and spectral domain optical coherence tomography were used to measure the CRA area and growth rate. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to estimate the CRA incidence. Logistic and linear regression analyses were used to investigate risk factors (e.g., age, frequency of abnormal OCT findings, PDT history, total injection number, and choroidal thickness) associated with the CRA incidence and growth rate, respectively. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The overall CRA incidence was 40.8% at 5 years. The absence of subretinal fluid, the presence of intraretinal fluid, and a thin choroid were significant risk factors for CRA occurrence with a history of PDT. Overall 5-year CRA growth rate was 0.69 mm<sup>2</sup>/year. Faster CRA growth was significantly related to the presence of subretinal hyperreflective material and thin choroid. PDT history was not significantly related to CRA growth. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Thin choroid may be a significant risk factor for long-term development and growth of CRA in eyes with PCV. Intraretinal fluid seems to promote the development of CRA, while subretinal fluid seems to be associated with CRA prevention. The history of PDT was significantly related to the occurrence of CRA, but not to the growth rate of CRA.