bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Room Temperature Ionic Liquids for Electroless Nickel Plating on Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Plastic
Authors: URAZ Canan 
Published: June 2019

In this study, electroless nickel (EN) plating on acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) engineering plastic using room temperature ionic liquids (RTIL) was studied. Electroless plating is a fundamental step in metal plating on plastic. This step makes the plastic conductive and makes it possible to a homogeneous and hard plating without using any hazardous and unfriendly chemical such as palladium, tin, etc. In the industry there are many distinct chemical materials both catalysts and activation solutions for the electroless bath which is one of the most important parts of the process. In this study the effects of the ionic liquid, plating time, and sand paper size were investigated on electroless nickel plating. The etching and the plating processes were performed with environmentally friendly chemicals instead of the chromic and sulphuric acids used in the traditional processes. Experiments were carried out with and without ionic liquid, EMIC, 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride (C6H11N2Cl), and with 400, 500 and 800 grit sandpaper with the application of the sand attrition process and 70, 80, and 90 °C bath temperatures with 30, 60, and 90 minutes of deposition time. The surface morphology and the thickness of deposit analysis were performed using the Fischer scope X-Ray XDL-B System, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Due to the results of the experiments and analysis, the electroless nickel plating on ABS plastic was a success. The best plating was obtained at 5.010 μm as the maximum plating thickness, at 90 min of plating time and 80 °C as the plating bath temperature for electroless nickel plating on ABS plastic whit the surface activated with 800 grit sandpaper using EMIC ionic liquid. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.25.3.20116
Effect of Solution Heat Treatment and Artificial Aging on Compression Behaviour of A356 Alloy
Authors: MANICKAM Dhanashekar , VELUKKUDI SANTHANAM Senthil Kumar 
Published: June 2019

Aluminium alloys are subjected to heat treatment to increase the strength and corrosion properties. This paper aims to study the effect of heat treatment on the compression behaviour of A356 alloy under quasi static condition and barreling effect. The various heat treatments are: (i) solution heat treatment of 1 h at 540 °C + natural aging 0 h + artificial aging at 180 °C up to 5.5 h, (ii) solution heat treatment of 3 h at 540 °C + natural aging for 20 h + artificial aging at 180 °C up to 5.5 h, and (iii) solution heat treatment of 6 h at 540 °C + natural aging for 20 h + artificial aging at 180 °C up to 5.5 h. Specially to understand the influence of artificial aging at every 0.5 h up to 5.5 h, the specimens were heat treated. From the results, solutionizing for 1 hr have a better compression strength irrespective of the artificial aging. Natural aging had decreased the ductility but increased the strength property. Artificial aging had a significant effect on the compressive strength and peak strength were obtained at 4 h irrespective of solutionizing heat treatment. Compressive strength increased by 33 % for 1 h of solutionizing and 4 h of artificial aged specimen when compared to non-heat treated alloy. Two mathematical relations discussed in literature were used for calculating the radius of the barreled surface followed by validation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.25.3.20442
Milling Processes and Hydrogen Storage Properties of Mg-Graphene Composites
Authors: KWAK Young Jun , CHOI Eunho , SONG Myoung Youp 
Published: June 2019

Graphene was chosen as an additive to improve the hydrogen uptake and release properties of magnesium (Mg). Five weight percent of graphene was added to Mg or pre-milled Mg by milling in hydrogen (reactive milling). The milling processes and hydrogen uptake and release properties of the graphene-added Mg were investigated. Adding graphene to Mg and then milling the mixture of Mg and graphene in hydrogen for 6 h [named M5G (6 h)] had little effects on the improvement of hydrogen uptake and release properties of Mg. Pre-milling of Mg (for 24 h) and then adding 5 wt.% of graphene by milling in hydrogen (for 30 min) (named M5G) significantly increased the hydrogen uptake and release rates and the quantities of hydrogen absorbed and released for 60 min of Mg. The activation of M5G was completed after cycle number, CN, of two (CN = 2). M5G had a high effective hydrogen-storage capacity of 6.21 wt.% at 623 K in 12 bar H2 at CN = 3. M5G released 0.25 wt.% hydrogen for 2.5 min and 5.28 wt.% hydrogen for 60 min H2 in 1.0 bar H2 at 623 K at CN = 3. Pre-milling of Mg and then adding graphene by milling in hydrogen and hydrogen uptake-release cycling are believed to create defects, produce cracks and clean surfaces, and decrease particle sizes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.25.3.20567
Characterization, Production and Microwave Absorbing Properties of Polyaniline-NiFe2O4: Tb Composites
Authors: ŞAHIN Ethem İlhan , PAKER Selcuk , KARTAL Mesut 
Published: June 2019

In this study, terbium-doped NiFe2O4 was produced by using mixed oxide technique. The Ni1-xTbxFe2O4 composition was synthesized and x was selected as 0.025, 0.050 and 0.070, respectively. The single phase Ni ferrite was produced after sintering at 1250 °C for 4 h. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were performed for the structural analysis. The results of the structural analysis indicated that second phase did not form in Ni1-xTbxFe2O4. Additionally, the polyaniline-terbium doped NiFe2O4 composites were produced by hot pressing using the compositions of Ni0.975Tb0.025Fe2O4.018, Ni0.950Tb0.050Fe2O4.037, Ni0.93Tb0.070Fe2O4.0525 and aniline. The weight ratios of terbium-doped nickel ferrite and aniline were 1:1 and 1:3 respectively and epoxy resin was used to produce microwave absorbing composites. The magnetic properties of fabricated composites were investigated using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The microwave absorbing performances of Polyaniline-NiFe2O4: Terbium composites were investigated by reflectivity in 0 – 8 GHz using two–port vector network analyzer. A minimum of – 39.41 dB reflection performance was obtained in 7.9 GHz at the thickness of 2.0 mm. This reflection performance can be modulated simply by controlling the content of polyaniline in the samples for the required frequency bands. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.25.3.20810
Research on Tensile Behaviour of New Structural Material MoNiCa
Authors: BAHDANOVICH Aliaksandr , BENDIKIENE Regita , CESNAVICIUS Ramunas , CIUPLYS Antanas , GRIGAS Vytautas , JUTAS Audrius , MARMYSH Dzianis , MAZALEUSKI Aleh , NASAN Aleh , SHEMET Liudmila , SHERBAKOV Sergei , SPAKAUSKAS Kestutis , SOSNOVSKIY Leonid 
Published: June 2019

This article presents the results of a set of innovative research to analyse a new structural material – steel like austempered ductile cast iron with mechanical properties similar to heat-treated steel, and with technological and exploitation characteristic close to high-strength cast iron with nodular graphite. Specific examples of its high efficiency for the manufacture of critical, mass and heavy-loaded components of modern machinery and equipment are presented. New structural material MoNiCa was tested on tension and was compared to commercial grades of austempered ductile cast irons and heat treated steels. Unconventional behaviour of examined material was observed: with tensile strength increase to almost 1600 MPa the metal became less brittle. Hardness test revealed another distinctive feature of new material that there is no linear relation between strength and hardness increase, different hardness values ~ 40 HRC or ~ 55 HRC can be achieved with the same tensile strength 1000 – 1200 MPa. Microscopic analysis demonstrated of sophisticated structure formed owing to different regimes of austempering treatment. Specific properties emerged from successful ratio of three elements Mo, Ni, and Cu (carbon equivalent), and properly chosen heat treatment modes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.25.3.23079
Gewaltherrschaft in Argentinien: Eine beispielhafte Analyse der Darstellung von Gewalt in Garaje Olimpo
Authors: Bischoff Friederike 
Published: June 2019

Im Zuge erinnerungspolitischer Bestrebungen thematisiert Marco Bechis in seinem Film Garaje Olimpo Folter und Verschleppung während der argentinischen Militärdiktatur. Garaje Olimpo handelt von María Fabiani, einer jungen Frau, die mit ihrer Mutter in einem Haus in Buenos Aires lebt. Sie wird von ihrem Mitbewohner, einem Militärpolizisten, in das Geheimgefängnis Garaje Olimpo verschleppt, dort gefoltert und anschließend umgebracht. Die Analyse beruht auf einem breiten Gewaltbegriff, der unter anderem Unterdrückung umfasst und Zerstörung als Ziel hat. Sie zeigt auf narrativer, gestalterischer und musikalischer Ebene die differenzierten Darstellungen physischer und psychischer bzw. indirekter Gewalt. Auf narrativer Ebene arbeitet Bechis mit Elementen der Vorhersehung, mit Gegensätzen von Licht und Dunkelheit und mit Distanz und Nähe in Szenen physischer Gewalt. Das daraus resultierende Nicht-zeigen der Gewalt, macht Garaje Olimpo zu einem Film des Unbehagens.
Évaluation authentique en intervention précoce et importance de la complémentarité entre l’évaluation fonctionnelle et normative en psychoéducation
Authors: Lemire Colombe , Poitras Maxime , Dionne Carmen 
Published: June 2019

L’intervention précoce est un ensemble de services (évaluation, adaptation/réadaptation) dispensés par une équipe de professionnels visant l’amélioration du développement des jeunes enfants (0 à 5 ans). En intervention précoce, les psychoéducateurs sont reconnus pour leur capacité à dresser un portrait de l’adaptation de l’enfant dans son quotidien. Les informations requises à cette fin sont parfois difficilement accessibles par entrevue ou par le recours à des évaluations standardisées traditionnelles. Ce portrait de l’enfant (forces et besoins) est utile pour planifier, réaliser l’intervention. Actuellement, des questions sont soulevées en psychoéducation sur l’utilisation accrue des évaluations normatives visant à cerner un problème sans que l’objectif soit de soutenir l’intervention. Or, depuis plusieurs années, en intervention précoce, les écrits scientifiques soulignent un manque de liens entre l’évaluation normative réalisée avec des tests standardisés du développement et l’intervention. En effet, les items de ces tests sont parfois des micro-habiletés peu utiles dans le quotidien de l’enfant. L’évaluation « authentique » a été développée pour répondre à cette lacune. Elle se caractérise par l’observation des habiletés nécessaires à l’autonomie de l’enfant dans son milieu de vie. Cet article est une réflexion sur la pertinence de l’évaluation authentique dans un contexte d’évaluation psychoéducative. D’abord, nous aborderons les exigences et caractéristiques de l’évaluation psychoéducative. Nous définirons l’évaluation authentique en prenant appui sur une recension des écrits. Finalement, nous discuterons de la pertinence de l’évaluation authentique en psychoéducation, notamment car elle se base sur le vécu partagé et répond aux normes des meilleures pratiques en évaluation des jeunes enfants.
La communication et les relations interpersonnelles des adultes présentant un trouble du spectre de l’autisme : une revue systématique des programmes d’intervention
Authors: Michallet Bernard , Taylor Jennifer , Dumont Claire , McIntyre Julie , Couture Mélanie 
Published: June 2019

Ces dernières années, de nombreux chercheurs se sont intéressés aux meilleures pratiques d’intervention pour améliorer la participation sociale des enfants autistes. Les interventions auprès des adultes présentant un trouble du spectre de l’autisme (TSA) visant l’amélioration des relations interpersonnelles et de la communication restent toutefois peu documentées. Cette recherche a pour objectif : 1) d’identifier les interventions visant à améliorer la communication et les relations interpersonnelles des personnes de 16 à 40 ans présentant un TSA; 2) de documenter les caractéristiques et l’efficacité de ces interventions. Une recension systématique des écrits a été réalisée. Les interventions proposées dans les écrits recensés se divisent en trois catégories : les interventions de groupe, les interventions informatisées et les interventions selon une approche écosystémique. La majorité des programmes vise l’intégration sociale par diverses stratégies telles que l’amélioration des capacités de résolution de problèmes, la reconnaissance des émotions, la compréhension d’inférences, etc. Quoique prometteurs, ces programmes rencontrent des problèmes de transfert, de maintien et de généralisation des apprentissages. De plus, on ne peut conclure, avec un niveau de preuve suffisant, quant à l’efficacité des interventions recensées. La discussion porte sur l’applicabilité et l’efficacité des programmes, ainsi que sur le rôle des intervenants auprès des adultes présentant un TSA. Des recherches futures devront porter sur la conception, la mise en oeuvre et l’évaluation de tels programmes.
La recherche en enseignement de la traduction au Canada : survol historique et enjeux actuels
Authors: Echeverri Álvaro 
Published: June 2019

Les projets éducatifs répondent aux besoins d’un groupe social en particulier. Au Canada, la formation des traducteurs a été conçue dans le but, entre autres, de contribuer aux efforts d’amélioration de la qualité de la langue française (Juhel, 1982; Horguelin, 1984). Les stratégies didactiques utilisées par les premiers formateurs ont ainsi favorisé l’instauration d’une tradition d’enseignement à visée corrective qui résiste à l’épreuve du temps et qui a essaimé au-delà des frontières canadiennes. Des universitaires canadiens sont en effet à l’origine de deux des principales approches d’enseignement de la traduction, toutes traditions confondues : l’approche comparative (Vinay et Darbelnet, 1958) et l’approche par objectifs d’apprentissage (Delisle, 1980). Après avoir retracé l’émergence de ces approches et décrit ce qui a contribué à leur succès, je m’interrogerai sur les enjeux actuels relatifs à la recherche sur l’enseignement de la traduction.
Nonequilibrium skyrmion accumulation induced by direct current in Ir/Co/Pt heterostructure
Authors: Sugimoto Satoshi , Kasai Shinya , Anokhin Evgeny , Takahashi Yukiko , Tokura Yoshinori 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We investigated the current-induced dynamics of magnetic skyrmions in Pt/Co/Ir trilayers thin films. Skyrmions segregate in the transverse direction to the current flow via the skyrmion Hall effect, which shows scalability for current density and wire width. We also found the non-local accumulation of nonequilibrium skyrmions under charge current, which has an analogy with the spin accumulation in the nonlocal configuration.
Investigation of the protein profile of silkworm (Bombyx mori) pupae reared on a well-calibrated artificial diet compared to mulberry leaf diet
Authors: Lamberti Cristina , Gai Francesco , Cirrincione Simona , Giribaldi Marzia , Purrotti Micol , Manfredi Marcello , Marengo Emilio , Sicuro Benedetto , Saviane Alessio , Cappellozza Silvia , Giuffrida Maria Gabriella , Cavallarin Laura 
Published: June 2019

Background
Silkworm pupae is the main by-product of the sericulture industry with an interesting nutritional profile, especially in terms of proteins. In consideration of its possible use as a food or food ingredient in Western countries, a comparative proteomic experiment has been performed to investigate the differences of the protein profile of male and female silkworm pupae reared on mulberry leaves or on an artificial diet.

Methods
The nutritional profile of lyophilized silkworm pupae in terms of dry matter and ash was evaluated according to the AOAC procedures, the total nitrogen content was determined by a nitrogen analyzer and the silkworm pupae gross energy value was measured using an adiabatic calorimetric bomb. The comparative proteomic analysis was performed on male and female silkworm pupae reared on mulberry leaves or on the artificial diet. Proteins were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis and, after a multivariate statistical analysis, the differentially expressed proteins were identified by LC-MS/MS.

Results
The comparative proteomic approach highlighted 47 silkworm pupae proteins differentially expressed comparing diet and gender. PCA analysis showed that seven proteins were more effective in discriminating the sex and five were more effective in discriminating the diet type. In spite of the above-mentioned differences in the silkworm pupae protein profile, no strong alteration of the pupa physiological traits have been demonstrated, suggesting a general silkworm pupae flexibility to adapt to a well-balanced artificial diet. Differences in lipid transport and metabolism were found among the experimental groups, that might have a relevant effect on the timing and on hormone secretion. This aspect may also affect silk production, as univoltine strains are the most productive. The proteomic data provided in this work, may offer a contribution in understanding also the influence of gender and farming strategy on the allergen profile of Bombyx mori, when used as food or as a food ingredient. Female silkworm pupae reared on mulberry leaves seemed to contain lower levels of known allergens than those reared in the other experimental conditions; these findings will have to be taken into account when farming B. mori for food production purposes. However, our results need to be supported by further characterization of the allergenic potential of B. mori.
Influence of Elemental Sulphur, Oxalic Acid, and Phosphoric Acid as Acidulating Agents on Phosphorous Dissolution from Rock Phosphate
Authors: Githua Fidelis W. , Ntinyari Winnie , Korir Nicholas K. , Gweyi-Onyango Joseph P. 
Published: June 2019

Phosphorous is a limiting mineral element in crop productivity due to its less availability and fixed form in the soil. Due to its agricultural benefit, most farmers seek for alternative method to supply phosphorous in sufficient amount in the farming systems. Although the soluble P is relatively expensive for the peasant farmers, rock phosphate has proved to be quite efficient due to availability among the small scale holders. However, rock phosphate is faced with insolubility challenges hence is not readily available in the soils to promote crop growth. Therefore, this study sought to establish the influence of various acidulating agents in dissolution of phosphorus in to rock phosphate. The study was carried out in a laboratory environment in Completely Randomized Design consisting of the following treatment: control (bare soil); Mijingu Rock Phosphte (MRP) and soil; MRP, soil and oxalic acid; MRP, soil and phosphoric acid; phosphoric acid and soil; MRP, soil and elemental sulphur and replicated three times. The incubation period was 90 days and the phosphorous dissolution rate was measured at interval of 30 days. The result revealed that the treatments had significant (P≤0.05) influence on the dissolution of the phosphorus from both rock phosphate and soil. Elemental sulphur was superior in increasing the rate of phosphorus dissolution form rock phosphate. At 30 days, elemental sulphur had elicited release of a total of 37.5 ppm phosphorus while the control had the least, recording 5.37 ppm. A similar trend was observed in both 60 and 90 days. Regression analysis also exhibited positive relationship between the acidulating agents and the phosphorous dissolution rate from the rock phosphate. Therefore, elemental sulphur can be recommended to be used by in agricultural fields to enhanced solubilisation of rock phosphate and enhance supply of phosphorous.
Placental Immune Defences – Protection against Rejection and Infection
Authors: Thornton Catherine A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

The placenta is well recognised for its role as the gateway for provision of nutrients to and removal of waste products from the foetus. The placenta also needs to protect the foetus from maternal immunological attack and provide it with rudimentary immune defence mechanisms through the passage of maternally derived immunoglobulin G in particular. There are multiple cellular and soluble mechanisms that have evolved to prevent rejection of the foetal semi‐allograft by the mother's immune system. These mechanisms also contribute to key physiological processes within the placenta, mother and foetus to ensure pregnancy success. Poor development of the placenta is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as miscarriage and preeclampsia. The placenta is also recognised increasingly for its role in determining longer‐term health of the offspring.

Key Concepts

Placental development is tightly regulated and leads to a highly structured organ that supports the growth and development of the foetus.

Numerous cellular and soluble mechanisms control the maternal immune response to the foetal semi‐allograft.

The placenta enables immune defence of the immunologically immature foetus that persists for some months after the baby is born.

Perturbations of placental development are associated with early pregnancy loss or later adverse pregnancy outcomes.

The placenta is central to the developmental origins of health and disease that determine lifelong health of the offspring.
E
uryarchaeota
Authors: Oren Aharon 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

The Euryarchaeota, one of the phyla of the archaeal domain, consists of a physiologically and morphologically heterogeneous group of prokaryotes. As of July 2018, the Euryarchaeota consisted of 7 classes, 13 orders, 27 families, 107 genera and 522 species with validly published names (including synonyms). The methanogenic Archaea (4 classes) are obligate anaerobes that produce methane by reduction of carbon dioxide with hydrogen as the electron donor or from formate, acetate, methanol and methylated amines. The extremely halophilic class Halobacteria mainly consists of aerobic red‐pigmented chemoheterotrophs. The Thermococci, Archaeoglobi and Thermoplasmata contain many thermophiles and hyperthermophiles with chemoautotrophic or heterotrophic metabolism. Some are extremely acidophilic or thermoacidophilic. Some Euryarchaeota have a pseudomurein cell wall, others are surrounded by a protein S‐layer, while still others lack a cell wall. Cultivation‐independent studies have demonstrated the existence of additional groups of Euryarchaeota that are not yet represented by cultivated organisms.

Key Concepts

The Euryarchaeota phylum is one of the two major groups of Archaea with cultivated representatives.

The Euryarchaeota form a physiologically heterogeneous group and includes aerobes as well as anaerobes, chemoautotrophs as well as heterotrophs.

All known methanogenic and all extremely halophilic Archaea known belong to the Euryarchaeota phylum.

Many Euryarchaeota are extreme thermophiles.

Some Euryarchaeota are acidophilic or thermoacidophilic.

Recent discoveries show that the group of extremely halophilic Euryarchaeota is metabolically more diverse than what was earlier assumed.

Different types of cell walls have been identified in the Euryarchaeota, and some members lack a cell wall.

Cultivation‐independent approaches have shown that many types of yet‐uncultivated types of Euryarchaeota are found in marine and terrestrial ecosystems.