bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of the Far-infrared [O iii] and Dust Emission in a Galaxy at Redshift 8.312: Early Metal Enrichment in the Heart of the Reionization Era
Authors: Tamura Yoichi , Mawatari Ken , Hashimoto Takuya , Inoue Akio K. , Zackrisson Erik , Christensen Lise , Binggeli Christian , Matsuda Yuichi , Matsuo Hiroshi , Takeuchi Tsutomu T. , Asano Ryosuke S. , Sunaga Kaho , Shimizu Ikkoh , Okamoto Takashi , Yoshida Naoki , Lee Minju M. , Shibuya Takatoshi , Taniguchi Yoshiaki , Umehata Hideki , Hatsukade Bunyo , Kohno Kotaro , Ota Kazuaki 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We present the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array detection of the [O iii] 88 μm line and rest-frame 90 μm dust continuum emission in a Y-dropout Lyman break galaxy (LBG), MACS0416_Y1 lying behind the Frontier Field cluster MACS J0416.1−2403. This [O iii] detection confirms the LBG with a spectroscopic redshift of z = 8.3118 ± 0.0003, making this object one of the farthest galaxies ever identified spectroscopically. The observed 850 μm flux density of 137 ± 26 μJy corresponds to a de-lensed total infrared (IR) luminosity of

if assuming a dust temperature of T
dust = 50 K and an emissivity index of β = 1.5, yielding a large dust mass of

. The ultraviolet-to-far-IR spectral energy distribution modeling where the [O iii] emissivity model is incorporated suggests the presence of a young (τ
age ≈ 4 Myr), star-forming (

yr−1), moderately metal-polluted (Z ≈ 0.2Z
⊙) stellar component with a mass of M
star = 3 × 108
M
⊙. An analytic dust mass evolution model with a single episode of star formation does not reproduce the metallicity and dust mass in τ
age ≈ 4 Myr, suggesting a pre-existing evolved stellar component with M
star ∼ 3 × 109 M
☉ and τ
age ∼ 0.3 Gyr as the origin of the dust mass.
The Motion of a Losing Mass Plasmon
Authors: Rivera-Ortiz P. R. , Rodríguez-González A. , Hernández-Martínez L. , Cantó J. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The interaction of a high velocity clump of gas has been described by the plasmon model, which considers balance between ram pressure and the internal stratified structure of the decelerated clump. In this paper we propose an analytical model to describe the mass loss of such a clump due the interaction with the environment, describing its influence on the plasmon dynamics. We carry out comparisons between an analytic model and axisymmetric gas dynamic simulations of plasmon evolution. From our simulations we were able to find the values of the friction constants α and λ. Comparing with the complete analytic model from which we can infer the position and the mass loss of the clump as a function of the clump’s density and the environment ratio.
A New HLLD Riemann Solver with Boris Correction for Reducing Alfvén Speed
Authors: Matsumoto Tomoaki , Miyoshi Takahiro , Takasao Shinsuke 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
A new Riemann solver is presented for the ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equations with the so-called Boris correction. The Boris correction is applied to reduce wave speeds, avoiding an extremely small timestep in MHD simulations. The proposed Riemann solver, Boris-HLLD, is based on the HLLD solver. As done by the original HLLD solver, (1) the Boris-HLLD solver has four intermediate states in the Riemann fan when left and right states are given, (2) it resolves the contact discontinuity, Alfvén waves, and fast waves, and (3) it satisfies all the jump conditions across shock waves and discontinuities except for slow shock waves. The results of a shock tube problem indicate that the scheme with the Boris-HLLD solver captures contact discontinuities sharply, and it exhibits shock waves without any overshoot when using the minmod limiter. The stability tests show that the scheme is stable when

for a low Alfvén speed (

), where u, c, and V

A
denote the gas velocity, speed of light, and Alfvén speed, respectively. For a high Alfvén speed (

), where the plasma beta is relatively low in many cases, the stable region is large,

. We discuss the effect of the Boris correction on physical quantities using several test problems. The Boris-HLLD scheme can be useful for problems with supersonic flows in which regions with a very low plasma beta appear in the computational domain.
Dark Matter: An Efficient Catalyst for Intermediate-mass-ratio-inspiral Events
Authors: Yue Xiao-Jun , Han Wen-Biao , Chen Xian 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Gravitational waves (GWs) can be produced if a stellar compact object, such as a black hole (BH) or neutron star, inspirals into an intermediate-massive black hole of

. Such a system may be produced in the center of a globular cluster or a nuclear star cluster and is known as an intermediate- or extreme-mass-ratio inspiral (IMRI or EMRI). Motivated by the recent suggestions that dark matter minispikes could form around IMBHs, we study the effect of dynamical friction against DM on the merger rate of IMRIs/EMRIs. We find that the merger timescale of IMBHs with BHs and NSs would be shortened by two to three orders of magnitude. As a result, the event rate of IMRIs/EMRIs are enhanced by orders of magnitude relative to that in the case of no DM minispikes. In the most extreme case where IMBHs are small and the DM minispikes have a steep density profile, all the BH in GCs and NSCs might be exhausted so that the mergers with NSs would dominate the current IMRIs/EMRIs. Our results suggest that the mass function of the IMBHs below 104
M
⊙ would bear imprints of the distribution of DM minispikes because these low-mass IMBHs can grow efficiently in the presence of DM minispikes by merging with BHs and NSs. Future space-based GW detectors, like LISA, Taiji, and Tianqin, can measure the IMRI/EMRI rate and hence constrain the distribution of DM around IMBHs.
Mapping the Interstellar Reddening and Extinction toward Baade’s Window Using Minimum Light Colors of ab-type RR Lyrae Stars: Revelations from the De-reddened Color–Magnitude Diagrams
Authors: Saha Abhijit , Vivas A. Katherina , Olszewski Edward W. , Smith Verne , Olsen Knut , Blum Robert , Valdes Francisco , Claver Jenna , Calamida Annalisa , Walker Alistair R. , Matheson Thomas , Narayan Gautham , Soraisam Monika , Cunha Katia , Axelrod T. , Bloom Joshua S. , Cenko S. Bradley , Frye Brenda , Juric Mario , Kaleida Catherine , Kunder Andrea , Miller Adam , Nidever David , Ridgway Stephen 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We have obtained repeated images of six fields toward the Galactic bulge in five passbands (u, g, r, i, z) with the DECam imager on the Blanco 4 m telescope at CTIO. From more than 1.6 billion individual photometric measurements in the field centered on Baade’s window, we have detected 4877 putative variable stars. A total of 474 of these have been confirmed as fundamental mode RR Lyrae stars, whose colors at minimum light yield line-of-sight reddening determinations, as well as a reddenning law toward the Galactic Bulge, which differs significantly from the standard R

V
= 3.1 formulation. Assuming that the stellar mix is invariant over the 3 square-degree field, we are able to derive a line-of-sight reddening map with sub-arcminute resolution, enabling us to obtain de-reddened and extinction corrected color–magnitude diagrams (CMDs) of this bulge field using up to 2.5 million well-measured stars. The corrected CMDs show unprecedented detail and expose sparsely populated sequences: for example, delineation of the very wide red giant branch, structure within the red giant clump, the full extent of the horizontal branch, and a surprising bright feature that is likely due to stars with ages younger than 1 Gyr. We use the RR Lyrae stars to trace the spatial structure of the ancient stars and find an exponential decline in density with Galactocentric distance. We discuss ways in which our data products can be used to explore the age and metallicity properties of the bulge, and how our larger list of all variables is useful for learning to interpret future LSST alerts.
Unilateral Refractive Surgery and Myopia Progression
Authors: Sella Sara , Duvdevan-Strier Nizan , Kaiserman Igor 
Published: March 2019

Purpose:To compare the progression of myopia in eyes that underwent unilateral refractive surgery with non-operated eyes.Methods:Three patients who underwent refractive myopic correction in one eye are described. The collected preoperative and postoperative data included age, gender, subjective refraction, best corrected visual acuity, and uncorrected visual acuity.Results:The first patient (19-year-old woman) had photorefractive keratectomy in her left eye and the myopic progression was 1.20 diopters (D) (3 years postoperatively) compared to −2.50 D in her non-operated eye. The second patient (30-year-old man) had laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis in his left eye with a myopic progression of 0.25 D compared to 0.75 D in his non-operated eye (10 years postoperatively). The third patient (22-year-old man) underwent photorefractive keratectomy in his right eye with no myopic progression compared to −1.50 D in his non-operated eye (3 years postoperatively).Conclusions:These three cases suggest that refractive surgery for myopia correction may be associated with a slower progression of myopia postoperatively.[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2019;56(2):78–82.]
Retinoblastoma Incidence Trends in Canada: A National Comprehensive Population-Based Study
Authors: Darwich Rami , Ghazawi Feras M. , Rahme Elham , Alghazawi Nebras , Burnier Julia Valdemarin , Sasseville Denis , Burnier Miguel N. , Litvinov Ivan V. 
Published: March 2019

Purpose:
To determine the incidence rates and geographic distribution of retinoblastoma in Canada to aid cancer control programs.

Methods:
Patients with retinoblastoma whose data were available from the Canadian Cancer Registry (CCR) and Le Registre Québécois du Cancer (LRQC) were studied. Using third edition International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O) codes, the authors examined the incidence rates and geographic distribution of patients with retinoblastoma between 1992 and 2010. Patient data including sex, age, and laterality of the retinoblastoma were analyzed.

Results:
Between 1992 and 2010 in Canada, the average annual incidence rate of retinoblastoma was 11.58 cases per 1 million children younger than 5 years (95% CI [confidence interval]: 10.48 to 12.76). The incidence rate was stable over time, with an average age at diagnosis of 2.30 ± 6.85 years and no gender predilection. The laterality of the reported cases was 81.48% for uni-lateral cases and 18.52% for bilateral cases. Provincially, Nova Scotia had twice the national average and the highest incidence rates of retinoblastoma across the Canadian provinces.

Conclusions:
This is the first study to define the disease burden of retinoblastoma and to highlight important longitudinal, geographic, and spatial differences in the distribution of retinoblastoma in Canada between 1992 and 2010. The results of this study indicate continuity of clinical trends between Canada, the United States, and other developed countries.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2019;56(2):124–130.]
Torsional Changes After Vertical Transposition of Horizontal Recti in V-pattern Exotropia Without Oblique Dysfunction
Authors: Maher Sara , El-Fayoumi Dina , Awadein Ahmed , Khazbak Lobna 
Published: March 2019

Purpose:
To evaluate pattern collapse and torsional changes following vertical transposition of horizontal recti in patients with V-pattern exotropia and no oblique dysfunction.

Methods:
A prospective study was performed on patients who had V-pattern exotropia and no oblique dysfunction. Lateral recti were transposed upward half-tendon width in V-pattern of 25 prism diopters (PD) or less (n = 14) and full-tendon width in V-pattern of greater than 25 PD (n = 10). Amblyopic patients had unilateral lateral rectus recession with upward transposition and medial rectus resection with downward transposition (n = 8). Ductions, versions, pattern strabismus, disc foveal angle, and astigmatic axis were analyzed before and 6 months after surgery.

Results:

In the 32 patients (21 females), the mean age was 8.25 ± 1.23 years. Only amblyopic patients showed preoperative fundus extorsion (mean disc foveal angle = 16.9°,
P
< .01). Mean pattern collapse was 13.1 ± 3.8 PD with half-tendon transposition, 35.6 ± 13.7 PD with full-tendon transposition, and 13.8 ± 7.9 PD in the unilateral group. Pattern collapse increased gradually so that pattern normalization occurred after 6 months in most patients. There was a statistically significant correlation between the preoperative V-pattern and the magnitude of pattern collapse after surgery (
r
= 0.80,
P
< .01). There were no significant changes in the mean disc foveal angle (< 0.5°) or axis of astigmatism (< 0.5°) in all three groups.

Conclusions:
Vertical transposition of horizontal muscles can correct V-pattern exotropia, although the effect might not be immediate. Torsional changes are minimal. Amblyopic patients with V-pattern exotropia showed a preoperative extorsion that did not change after surgery.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2019;56(2):107–115.]
Outcomes of Medial Rectus Recession With Adjustable Suture in Acute Concomitant Esotropia of Adulthood
Authors: García-Basterra Ignacio , Rodríguez Del Valle José Maria , García-Ben Antonio , Rodríguez Sánchez José María , García-Campos José Manuel 
Published: March 2019

Purpose:
To review and analyze the surgical outcomes of bilateral medial rectus recession with adjustable suture in acute concomitant esotropia of adulthood (ACEA).

Methods:
The charts of all adults diagnosed as having ACEA between 2004 and 2017 were reviewed. Best corrected visual acuity, refractive error, ocular alignment measured in prism diopters (PD), and stereopsis were examined at presentation, 1 day postoperatively, and final follow-up visit (median: 10 months; range: 4 to 144 months). All patients underwent bilateral medial rectus recession using adjustable suture surgery and topical anesthesia. Statistical analysis was used to calculate surgical dose-responses and to study possible correlations with clinical parameters.

Results:

Fifteen patients diagnosed as having ACEA were included. The mean age was 39.2 ± 10.7 years, and the mean refractive errors in the right and left eyes were −3.97 ± 2.87 and −3.60 ± 2.74 diopters (D), respectively. Average esotropia deviations at near and distance were 22.7 ± 7.2 and 23.0 ± 7.5 PD. All patients improved with medial rectus recession (mean: 12.0 ± 2.2 mm) with a final mean deviation of 0.7 ± 1.8 PD. The mean dose-responses at 1 day postoperatively and final visit were 1.86 ± 0.58 and 1.83 ± 0.43 PD/mm, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between surgical dose-responses at 1 day postoperatively and final visit and preoperative deviation (
R
2
= 0.55;
P
< .001;
R
2
= 0.66;
P
< .001), whereas there were no significant correlations with age, sex, refractive error, BCVA, or stereopsis (all
P
> .05).

Conclusions:
Good postoperative and final outcomes are achieved with large medial rectus recessions in ACEA. A larger dose-response can be expected in large preoperative deviations, independent of other clinical and ocular parameters.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2019;56(2):101–106.]
Loss to Follow-Up in Patients With Retinal Vein Occlusion Undergoing Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Injections
Authors: Gao Xinxiao , Obeid Anthony , Adam Murtaza K. , Hyman Leslie , Ho Allen C. , Hsu Jason 
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To identify the proportion of patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO) with loss to follow-up (LTFU) along with potential risk factors after receiving an intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injection.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
A retrospective review based on billing codes was performed from January 1, 2012, to January 1, 2017. LTFU was defined as no office visit within 12 months following an intravitreal injection. Potential risk factors for LTFU were screened using univariate analysis for inclusion in a final multivariate logistic regression model.

RESULTS:
A total of 3,400 unique patients with RVO with macular edema met the study inclusion criteria. Of these, 863 patients (25.4%) were LTFU. Rates of LTFU varied based on race / ethnicity, age, RVO type, distance from clinic, insurance status, and regional average adjusted gross income. In the multivariate analysis, patients with LTFU were more likely to be black (odds ratio [OR] = 1.37), Hispanic (OR = 2.37), and living more than 20 miles away from clinic (OR = 1.47). Patients who were 65 to 80 years old (OR = 0.71) and those with branch retinal vein occlusion (OR = 0.70) were less likely to be LTFU. Subgroup analysis showed that patients with baseline visual acuity better than 20/50 were also less likely to be LTFU.

CONCLUSIONS:
Approximately one in four patients did not return for a year or more after receiving an intravitreal injection for RVO. Given the importance of ongoing therapy to prevent vision loss, these “real-world” findings are of significant concern.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2019;50:159–166.]
A Novel Surgical Method to Treat Chronic Ocular Hypotony
Authors: Gürelik Gökhan , Korkmaz Safak , Disli Gaye , Sül Sabahattin 
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
To assess the effect of a novel surgical method for the treatment of chronic ocular hypotony (COH). The surgical method involves partially blocking the iridocorneal angle and decreasing aqueous humor outflow. A capsular tension ring (CTR) is placed in the iridocorneal angle.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Thirteen eyes of 13 patients were included in this retrospective, interventional case series. All of the eyes had severe ocular hypotony with a diagnosis of hypotony after vitreoretinal surgery or glaucoma filtration surgery. A CTR was placed in the iridocorneal angle via a corneal incision. The follow-up period was at least 1 year. Main outcome measurement was intraocular pressure (IOP).

RESULTS:
IOP increased in all of the eyes. The increase in IOP persisted during the follow-up period. Visual acuity increased or stabilized in all of the eyes. No ocular complications were noted due to the procedure.

CONCLUSIONS:
The authors have described a novel and simple technique for the setting of IOP in COH. Mechanical obstruction of aqueous humor outflow with a CTR can increase IOP and stabilize or improve vision in eyes with COH for a follow-up time longer than 12 months.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2019;50:e56–e60.]
Contrasting Winter Moose Nutritional Carrying Capacity Models on a Dynamic Landscape
Authors: Smythe Sharon E. , Sanchez Dana M. , Epps Clinton W. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMany models used to estimate nutritional carrying capacity (NCC) for ungulates differ structurally, but the implications of those differences are frequently unclear. We present a comparative analysis of NCC estimates for a large herbivore in a dynamic landscape, using models that differ in structure and scope. We compared three model structures across three estimates of winter ranges under three winter-severity scenarios for an isolated, introduced moose Alces alces population on the Copper River Delta of south-central Alaska. Model estimates of NCC ranged from 205 to 4,592 moose, demonstrating the critical influences of model structure and assumptions when applying NCC. Furthermore, population estimates during recent severe winters suggest that past models underestimated NCC on the Copper River Delta. We conducted a sensitivity analysis of a preferred model and determined that model components with the highest and lowest sensitivity were snow depth and lignin- and tannin-caused reductions in forage nutritional quality, respectively. Our low sensitivity values for lignin and tannin influences on NCC contrast with results in other NCC estimates. Overall, our results reinforce the need for, and will hopefully assist, adaptive management in response to landscape, population, behavioral, and climatic changes on the Copper River Delta, and demonstrate the importance of understanding model assumptions and structure in application of NCC estimates in the management of large herbivores in variable ecosystems.
Strengths use, deficit correction, thriving and performance of academics at universities of technology
Authors: Mahomed Fathima E. , Rothmann Sebastiaan 
Published: March 2019

Orientation: Research regarding strengths use, deficit correction and thriving of academics in higher education institutions is necessary, given the possible effects thereof on their task and contextual performance.Research purpose: This study aimed to investigate the relationships among strengths use and deficit correction, thriving at work and performance of academics. Furthermore, it sought to investigate whether performance-related pay moderates the effects of thriving on performance.Motivation for the study: No studies were found regarding the relationships among a balanced strengths- and deficit-based approach, thriving at work, and performance in the context of South African higher education.Research approach/design and method: A cross-sectional survey design was used, with a convenience sample of 276 academic employees from three universities of technology in South Africa. The participants completed the Strengths Use and Deficit Correction Scale, the Thriving at Work Scale, a scale that measured perceptions of performance-related pay and measures of task and contextual performance.Main findings: The results showed that perceived organisational support for strengths use, as well as individual strengths use and deficit correction, predicted thriving at work. Thriving predicted task and contextual performance. A significant interaction was found between thriving and perceptions of performance-related pay. The most robust relation between thriving and performance existed when performance-related pay was perceived to be good.Practical/managerial implications: Higher education institutions must invest resources to enable academics to thrive at work via the balanced strength- and deficit-based approach. This approach should be seen as a core development tool for academics to increase employees’ thriving at work.Contribution/value-add: This study contributes to scientific knowledge regarding strengths use and deficit correction, thriving and performance of academics in higher education institutions. It also resulted in new knowledge regarding the interaction effects of performance-related pay and thriving on task performance of academics.