bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacies as potential providers of harm reduction services: A preliminary online survey
Authors: James Edward , Robertshaw Thomas L , Westwell Andrew D , Smith Andrew P 
Published: April 2018

Background Recreational drug use is a major cause of disease, injury, physical and mental impairment and death in developed countries such as the United Kingdom and the United States. Alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and psilocybe mushrooms are recreational drugs with capacity to cause harm. Cannabis, MDMA and psilocybin have reported therapeutic applications. Objectives The primary purpose of this study was to determine which of the three types of vendor (pharmacy, shop and the black market) are perceived to be the most suitable for selling the substances discussed according to a general population sample. Methods A sample of 105 UK nationals was selected for the survey. Participants were presented information regarding reported relative dangers of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, MDMA and psilocybin and potential therapeutic applications. Participants were then asked to review harm reduction strategies. Results It was found that participants concluded that pharmacists with available NHS support from GPs and mental health workers are the most suitable vendors of cannabis, MDMA and psilocybin as opposed to regulated shops or the black market (p < 0.001). There was a high level of support for selling cannabis in pharmacies both for therapeutic use and for harm reduction purposes with a mean score of 7.0 out of 10. Participants (60) with a university education were found to be more in favour of the substances being sold primarily in pharmacies (alcohol 5.6, tobacco 6.7, cannabis 7.6, MDMA 6.5 and psilocybin 6.5) than participants (45) with no university qualification (alcohol 5.0, tobacco 4.8, cannabis 6.3, MDMA 5.0 and psilocybin 5.1). Conclusions The data suggest that the university-educated participants are supportive of treating recreational drug use as a health issue with GPs, mental health workers and pharmacists taking on roles.
Conditions of formation of Au–Se–Te mineralization in the Gaching ore occurrence (Maletoyvayam ore field), Kamchatka, Russia
Authors: Tolstykh Nadezhda , Vymazalová Anna , Tuhý Marek , Shapovalova Mariya 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTThe Gaching high-sulfidation epithermal deposit in the Maletoyvayam ore field features a wide range of Se-containing minerals and selenides, as well as complex gold oxides, Au tellurides (calaverite, krennerite) and native gold typical for epithermal deposits. Pyrite included in quartzites and quartz-alunite rocks was probably formed during an early stage of the ore-forming process. During the following Au-rich stage, the$f_{{\rm S}{\rm e}_{\rm 2}}$/$f_{{\rm S}_{\rm 2}}$increased with$f_{{\rm O}_{\rm 2}}$being relatively high, resulting in the formation of very rare compounds that have not been previously described in nature. These include Au2Te4(Se,S)3, Se3Te2, AuSe and Au(Te,Se,S) phases. The Au2Te4(Se,S)3compounds have some variations in composition: the complete isomorphic series between Au2Te4Se3and Au2Te4S3was observed. The gold and Au-minerals at the main ore stage can be stable within a range of log$f_{{\rm O}_{\rm 2}}$of −27.3 and atmospheric oxygen (?); log$f_{{\rm S}{\rm e}_{\rm 2}}$between −12.4 and −5.7; log$f_{{\rm T}{\rm e}_{\rm 2}}$between −10.5 and −7.8; and log$f_{{\rm S}_{\rm 2}}$between −12.8 and −6.8 (at 250°C). The increasing oxygen fugacity during the final stage of mineralization resulted in the formation of complex Sb,As,Te,S-bearing Au oxides. Gold-oxide formation occurs due to oxidation of Au-tellurides. The final products of this process are newly-formed secondary mustard gold and Te–Se solid solutions.
Low-dose computed tomography for the diagnosis of pneumonia in elderly patients: a prospective, interventional cohort study
Authors: Prendki Virginie , Scheffler Max , Huttner Benedikt , Garin Nicolas , Herrmann François , Janssens Jean-Paul , Marti Christophe , Carballo Sebastian , Roux Xavier , Serratrice Christine , Serratrice Jacques , Agoritsas Thomas , Becker Christoph D. , Kaiser Laurent , Rosset-Zufferey Sarah , Soulier Valérie , Perrier Arnaud , Reny Jean-Luc , Montet Xavier , Stirnemann Jérôme 
Published: April 2018

The diagnosis of pneumonia is challenging. Our objective was to assess whether low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) modified the probability of diagnosing pneumonia in elderly patients.We prospectively included patients aged over 65 years with a suspicion of pneumonia treated with antimicrobial therapy (AT). All patients had a chest radiograph and LDCT within 72 h of inclusion. The treating clinician assessed the probability of pneumonia before and after the LDCT scan using a Likert scale. An adjudication committee retrospectively rated the probability of pneumonia and was considered as the reference for diagnosis. The main outcome was the difference in the clinician's pneumonia probability estimates before and after LDCT and the proportion of modified diagnoses which matched the reference diagnosis (the net reclassification improvement (NRI)).A total of 200 patients with a median age of 84 years were included. After LDCT, the estimated probability of pneumonia changed in 90 patients (45%), of which 60 (30%) were downgraded and 30 (15%) were upgraded. The NRI was 8% (NRI event (−6%) + NRI non-event (14%)).LDCT modified the estimated probability of pneumonia in a substantial proportion of patients. It mostly helped to exclude a diagnosis of pneumonia and hence to reduce unnecessary AT.
Transgenic Mice Overexpressing SREBP-1a in Male ob/ob Mice Exhibit Lipodystrophy and Exacerbate Insulin Resistance
Authors: Ohno Hiroshi , Matsuzaka Takashi , Tang Nie , Sharma Rahul , Motomura Kaori , Shimura Takuya , Satoh Aoi , Han Song-iee , Takeuchi Yoshinori , Aita Yuichi , Iwasaki Hitoshi , Yatoh Shigeru , Suzuki Hiroaki , Sekiya Motohiro , Nakagawa Yoshimi , Sone Hirohito , Yahagi Naoya , Yamada Nobuhiro , Higami Yoshikazu , Shimano Hitoshi 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Sterol regulatory element–binding protein (SREBP)-1a is a key transcription factor that activates the expression of genes involved in the synthesis of fatty acids, triglycerides (TGs), and cholesterol. Transgenic mice that overexpress the nuclear form of SREBP-1a under the control of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase promoter (Tg-1a) were previously shown to display a lipodystrophic phenotype characterized by enlarged and fatty livers, diminished peripheral white adipose tissue (WAT), and insulin resistance. In the current study, we crossed these Tg-1a mice with genetically obese (ob/ob) mice (Tg-1a;ob/ob) and examined change in fat distribution between liver and adipose tissues in severe obesity and mechanism underlying the lipodystrophic phenotype in mice with Tg-1a. Tg-1a;ob/ob mice developed more severe steatohepatitis but had reduced WAT mass and body weight compared with ob/ob mice. The reduction of WAT mass in Tg-1a and Tg-1a;ob/ob mice was accompanied by enhanced lipogenesis and lipid uptake in the liver, reduced plasma lipid levels, impaired adipocyte differentiation, reduced food intake, enhanced energy expenditure, and extended macrophage infiltration and fibrosis in WAT. Despite the improved glucose tolerance, Tg-1a;ob/ob mice showed severe peripheral insulin resistance. Adenoviral hepatic expression of SREBP-1a mimicked these phenotypes. The “fat steal”-like lipodystrophy phenotype of the Tg-1a;ob/ob model demonstrates that hepatic SREBP-1a activation has a strong impact on the partition of TG accumulation, resulting in adipose-tissue remodeling by inflammation and fibrosis and insulin resistance.
Dexmedetomidine Sedation for Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia Ablation Is Not Associated With Alteration of Arrhythmia Inducibility
Authors: Slupe Andrew M. , Minnier Jessica , Raitt Merritt H. , Zarraga Ignatius Gerardo E. , MacMurdy Karen S. , Jessel Peter M. 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND:
Dexmedetomidine (Dex) is an attractive agent for procedural sedation due to its unique pharmacodynamic profile, specifically affording predictable sedation without concurrent respiratory depression. However, Dex has previously been reported to prevent or terminate arrhythmias. The purpose of this study was to investigate paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) inducibility and homeostatic stability during electrophysiology studies (EPSs) and ablation when a standardized Dex protocol was used as the primary sedation agent.

METHODS:
We performed a retrospective review of 163 consecutive procedures for PSVT ablation that received Dex as the primary sedative with adjunct fentanyl and midazolam boluses (DEX-FENT-MIDAZ). This cohort was compared to 163 consecutive control procedures wherein strictly fentanyl and midazolam were used for sedation. The primary outcome reviewed was PSVT inducibility assessed before ablation. Reviewed secondary outcomes included level of sedation and intraprocedure hemodynamics and oxygenation.

RESULTS:
The arrhythmia profiles of the DEX-FENT-MIDAZ and control cohorts were very similar. The overall incidence of a “negative” EPSs in which arrhythmia was not induced was 24% in the DEX-FENT-MIDAZ group and 26% in the control group (P = .7). Unintended deep sedation was significantly less with DEX-FENT-MIDAZ (4.3% vs 27%; P ≤ .0001). However, DEX-FENT-MIDAZ use was associated with a higher incidence of intraprocedure hypotension.

CONCLUSIONS:
Dex sedation during EPSs is not associated with a reduction in PSVT inducibility. The therapeutic utility of Dex during EPS arises from the predictable sedation Dex affords but is associated with an increased incidence of intraprocedure hypotension.
Resistin Is a Novel Marker for Postoperative Pain Intensity
Authors: Hozumi Jun , Sumitani Masahiko , Nishizawa Daisuke , Nagashima Makoto , Ikeda Kazutaka , Abe Hiroaki , Kato Ryoji , Kusakabe Yoshiomi , Yamada Yoshitsugu 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND:
Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (adipokines) associated with adipose tissue can modulate inflammatory processes and lead to systemic inflammatory conditions such as metabolic syndrome. In the present pilot study, we investigated 3 major adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, and resistin) and 2 nonspecific proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-6) with regard to their association with postoperative pain intensity.

METHODS:
We analyzed a total of 45 single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the adipokines in 57 patients with postlaparotomy pain. We adjusted for multiple testing to reduce the chance of false-positive results by controlling the false discovery rate. Serum levels of the adipokines and proinflammatory cytokines were measured in another 36 patients undergoing laparotomy. A stepwise multiple linear regression analysis using these measurements and opioid dosages as independent variables was performed to explore the factors associated with postoperative pain.

RESULTS:
Only 1 variant of the resistin gene (rs3745367) demonstrated a significant association with postoperative pain (P < .002). Patients exhibiting homozygosity for the minor alleles (n = 7; numerical rating scale [NRS], 2.3 ± 1.3) demonstrated lower pain intensity compared with those exhibiting homozygosity for the major alleles (n = 29; NRS, 3.8 ± 1.0; P = .004) and heterozygosity for the minor alleles (n = 21; NRS, 4.2 ± 0.8; P < .001). Only serum resistin levels showed a positive association with postoperative pain.

CONCLUSIONS:
A genetic variant of resistin and serum resistin levels were associated with postoperative pain intensity, while other adipokines and cytokines exhibit no such association. Resistin can alter the inflammatory responses in postoperative wounds, although it could be a determinant factor that is independent of inflammatory processes. Resistin may be a novel marker for postoperative pain intensity.
Low Level of Vegetative State After Traumatic Brain Injury in a Swiss Academic Hospital
Authors: Stretti Federica , Klinzing Stephanie , Ehlers Ulrike , Steiger Peter , Schuepbach Reto , Krones Tanja , Brandi Giovanna 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND:
No standards exist regarding decision making for comatose patients, especially concerning life-saving treatments. The aim of this retrospective, single-center study was to analyze outcomes and the decision-making process at the end of life (EOL) in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) in a Swiss academic tertiary care hospital.

METHODS:
Consecutive admissions to the surgical intensive care unit (ICU) with stays of at least 48 hours between January 1, 2012 and June 30, 2015 in patients with moderate to severe TBI and with fatality within 6 months after trauma were included. Descriptive statistics were used.

RESULTS:
Of 994 ICU admissions with TBI in the study period, 182 had an initial Glasgow Coma Scale <13 and a length of stay in the ICU >48 hours. For 174 of them, a 6-month outcome assessment based on the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) was available: 43.1% (36.0%–50.5%) had favorable outcomes (GOS 4 or 5), 28.7% (22.5%–35.9%) a severe disability (GOS 3), 0.6% (0%–3.2%) a vegetative state (GOS 2), and 27.6% (21.5%–34.7%) died (GOS 1). Among the GOS 1 individuals, 45 patients had a complete dataset (73% men; median age, 67 years; interquartile range, 43–79 years). Life-prolonging therapies were limited in 95.6% (85.2%–99.2%) of the cases after interdisciplinary prognostication and involvement of the surrogate decision maker (SDM) to respect the patient’s documented or presumed will. In 97.7% (87.9%–99.9%) of the cases, a next of kin was the SDM and was involved in the EOL decision and process in 100% (96.3%–100.0%) of the cases. Written advance directives (ADs) were available for 14.0% (6.6%–27.3%) of the patients, and 34.9% (22.4%–49.8%) of the patients had shared their EOL will with relatives before trauma. In the other cases, each patient’s presumed will was acknowledged after a meeting with the SDM and was binding for the EOL decision.

CONCLUSIONS:
At our institution, the majority of deaths after TBI follow a decision to limit life-prolonging therapies. The frequency of patients in vegetative state 6 months after TBI is lower than expected; this could be due to the high prevalence of limitation of life-prolonging therapies. EOL decision making follows a standardized process, based on patients’ will documented in the ADs or on preferences assumed by the SDM. The prevalence of ADs was low and should be encouraged.
Anatomy and physiology, 10. The respiratory system
Authors: Peate Ian 
Published: April 2018

This article discusses the role and function of the respiratory system. The key function of the respiratory system is to ensure that the body takes in enough oxygen from the atmosphere for it to perform its functions—every cell in the body needs oxygen—while at the same time disposing of excess carbon dioxide. The combined process of intake of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide is called respiration. The role of the upper and lower respiratory tracts is discussed. Understanding the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system and how this system functions can help the healthcare assistant and assistant practitioner (HCA and AP) provide care that is safe and effective. A glossary of terms and a short quiz are included at the end of the article.
Regepe Integra a Altmetrics: Mais um Avanço
Authors: Nassif Vânia Maria Jorge 
Published: April 2018

A cada edição, a REGEPE consolida-se como um importante meio de divulgação e discussão de trabalhos científicos, visando o avanço de pesquisas na área do Empreendedorismo e Gestão de Pequenas Empresas. É com grande alegria que iniciamos o ano de 2018 com algumas novidades. O v.7, n.1 de 2018 estreia as publicações no sistema ahead of print. Este procedimento consiste em publicar artigos indicados pelos revisores e aprovados pelo Corpo Editorial da REGEPE, antes mesmo da composição final do número. Esta prática editorial propicia a rápida divulgação dos artigos, disponibilizando-os aos leitores na sua forma definitiva, além de dar visibilidade das produções dos autores. Tão logo completa-se o número de artigos, a edição é encerrada e o número subsequente é iniciado. O artigo publicado ahead of print amplia a divulgação da REGEPE e alcança novos usuários, satisfazendo as necessidades da comunicação cientifica atual.Além disso, recebe um DOI (Digital Object Identifier), código único permanente, que pode ser adicionado a documentos eletrônicos para sua rastreabilidade rápida e sem ambiguidades.No que se refere ao sistema editorial da REGEPE, o site informa as métricas alternativas: presença em redes sociais dos artigos, número de downloads e estatísticas das edições e por países (ver Barros, 2015). Essa métrica alternativa de impacto (Altmetrics), vem sendo adotada por bases de dados bibliométricas nacionais e internacionais (Scielo, Ebsco e Scopus). Na imagem abaixo, é possível observar a “altmetria” dos artigos publicados e as respectivas edições anteriores.
Comentarios de libros: Comentario a Vanina Ferreccio: La Larga sombra de la prisión. Una etnografía de los efectos extendidos del encarcelamiento
Authors: Mancini Inés 
Published: April 2018

Comentario a Vanina Ferreccio: La Larga sombra de la prisión. Una etnografía de los efectos extendidos del encarcelamientoPrometeo, Buenos Aires, 2017
A class of new exact solutions of the system of PDE for the plane motion of viscous incompressible fluids in the presence of body force
Authors: Ahmed Mushtaq , Khan Waseem Ahmed 
Published: April 2018

The purpose of this paper is to indicate a class of exact solutions of the system of partial differential equations governing the steady, plane motion of incompressible fluid of variable viscosity with body force term to the right-hand side of Navier-Stokes equations. The class consists of the stream function characterized by the equation Â in polar coordinates Â and Â where Â and Â are continuously differentiable functions and the function Â is such that Â where a non-zero constant is Â and overhead prime represents derivative with respect to . When Â or Â we show exact solutions for given one component of the body force for both the cases when the function Â is arbitrary and when it is not. For the arbitrary function case, Â appears in the coefficient of a linear second order ordinary differential equation showing a large numbers of solutions of this equation. This in turn establishes an infinite set of exact solutions to the problem concerned however; we show three examples of such exact solutions. The alternate case fixes Â and provides viscosity as derivative of temperature function for Â and . Anyhow, we find an infinite set of streamlines, the velocity components, viscosity function, generalized energy function and temperature distribution.
Notes toward The Philosophy of Theatre
Authors: Cull Ó Maoilearca Laura 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article draws from the contemporary French thinker François Laruelle to perform a ‘non-philosophical’ analysis of recent literature from the analytic or Anglo-American philosophy of theatre. Much of this literature, I argue, suffers from the problem of application, namely: non- or extra-theatrical assumptions are both brought to bear upon and remain unchallenged by the philosopher’s encounter with theatre – particularly in the form of assumptions as to the nature of philosophy or the role or position of philosophy with respect to other forms of thought, such as theatre and performance. Having sought to articulate some of the problems arising from the conception of the philosophy of theatre as a definitional project, the article then considers – via Laruelle – what kind of ‘stance’ a philosophy of theatre might need to occupy in order not to impose its thought on theatre but to be open to theatre’s thoughts.
Residual heat generated during laser processing of CFRP with picosecond laser pulses
Authors: Freitag Christian , Pauly Leon , Förster Daniel J. , Wiedenmann Margit , Weber Rudolf , Kononenko Taras V. , Konov Vitaly I. , Graf Thomas 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
One of the major reasons for the formation of a heat-affected zone during laser processing of carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRP) with repetitive picosecond (ps) laser pulses is heat accumulation. A fraction of every laser pulse is left as what we termed residual heat in the material also after the completed ablation process and leads to a gradual temperature increase in the processed workpiece. If the time between two consecutive pulses is too short to allow for a sufficient cooling of the material in the interaction zone, the resulting temperature can finally exceed a critical temperature and lead to the formation of a heat-affected zone. This accumulation effect depends on the amount of energy per laser pulse that is left in the material as residual heat. Which fraction of the incident pulse energy is left as residual heat in the workpiece depends on the laser and process parameters, the material properties, and the geometry of the interaction zone, but the influence of the individual quantities at the present state of knowledge is not known precisely due to the lack of comprehensive theoretical models. With the present study, we, therefore, experimentally determined the amount of residual heat by means of calorimetry. We investigated the dependence of the residual heat on the fluence, the pulse overlap, and the depth of laser-generated grooves in CRFP. As expected, the residual heat was found to increase with increasing groove depth. This increase occurs due to an indirect heating of the kerf walls by the ablation plasma and the change in the absorbed laser fluence caused by the altered geometry of the generated structures.
Existence of positive solutions for nonlocal p ⁢ ( x ) p(x) -Kirchhoff elliptic systems
Authors: Boulaaras Salah , Guefaifia Rafik , Zennir Khaled 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
In this article, we discuss the existence of positive solutions by using sub-super solutions concepts of the following

{p(x)}

-Kirchhoff system:

\left\{\begin{aligned} &\displaystyle{-}M(I_{0}(u))\triangle_{p(x)}u=\lambda^{%
p(x)}[\lambda_{1}f(v)+\mu_{1}h(u)]&&\displaystyle\text{in }\Omega,\\
&\displaystyle{-}M(I_{0}(v))\triangle_{p(x)}v=\lambda^{p(x)}[\lambda_{2}g(u)+%
\mu_{2}\tau(v)]&&\displaystyle\text{in }\Omega,\\
&\displaystyle u=v=0&&\displaystyle\text{on }\partial\Omega,\end{aligned}\right.

where

{\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^{N}}

is a bounded smooth domain with

{C^{2}}

boundary

{\partial\Omega}

,

{\triangle_{p(x)}u=\operatorname{div}(|\nabla u|^{p(x)-2}\nabla u)}

,

{p(x)\in C^{1}(\overline{\Omega})}

, with

{1<p(x)}

, is a function satisfying

{1<p^{-}=\inf_{\Omega}p(x)\leq p^{+}=\sup_{\Omega}p(x)<\infty}

, λ,

{\lambda_{1}}

,

{\lambda_{2}}

,

{\mu_{1}}

and

{\mu_{2}}

are positive parameters,

{I_{0}(u)=\int_{\Omega}\frac{1}{p(x)}|\nabla u|^{p(x)}\,dx}

, and

{M(t)}

is a continuous function.
On generalized quasi-Einstein manifolds
Authors: Ahmad Mirshafeazadeh Mir , Bidabad Behroz 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
We study generalized quasi-Einstein manifolds, or briefly, GQE manifolds. Here, we present relations between the Bach, Cotton and D tensors on GQE manifolds. Next, a 3-tensor E which measures the deviation of m-quasi-Einstein manifolds from GQE manifolds is introduced. Among others in dimension 3, it is shown that Bach-flatness implies locally conformally flatness. Furthermore, it is proved that, around a regular point of the fourth-order divergence free Weyl tensor, a GQE manifold is a locally warped product manifold with

{(n-1)}

-dimensional Einstein fibers in suitable cases.