bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐strain yeast fraction product supplementation can alleviate weaning stress and improve performance and health of piglets raised under low sanitary conditions
Authors: Upadhaya Santi D , Bravo de Laguna Fernando , Bertaud Bruno , Kim In‐Ho 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study was conducted to evaluate the health benefits to weaning pigs, raised under low sanitary conditions, of dietary supplementation with a multi‐strain yeast fraction product (Cyberlindnera jadinii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae). In total, 160 weaning pigs (7.21 ± 1.05 kg) were randomly allotted to two dietary treatments in a 6‐week feeding trial. The dietary treatments included a corn‐soybean meal‐based basal diet (CON) and CON + 2 g kg−1 multi‐strain yeast fraction product (MsYF) during weeks 1–2 and 0.4 g kg−1 MsYF during weeks 3–6.RESULTSThe MsYF supplementation increased (P < 0.05) body weight (BW) at day 42 and average daily gain (ADG) during days 1–14 and days 1–42 (P < 0.05) compared to CON. The total tract digestibility of dry matter (DM), fecal Lactobacillus counts, and serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration at day 42 were higher (P < 0.05) in pigs fed a MsYF supplemented diet. The concentration of serum haptoglobin in pigs receiving a MsYF‐supplemented diet was higher (P < 0.05) at days 7, 14, and 42 than those receiving CON. The mRNA expression for INF‐γ and TNF‐α genes were lower (P < 0.05) at days 14 and 7 respectively and the expression of IL‐6 and TLR‐2 genes was lower (P < 0.01) at days 7 and 14 in pigs fed an MsFY supplemented diet than those fed CON.CONCLUSIONSupplementation with a multi‐strain yeast fraction product had a positive effect on ADG during the early post‐weaning period and led to better health in weaning pigs. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Abnormal involuntary movement scale in tardive dyskinesia: Minimal clinically important difference
Authors: Stacy Mark , Sajatovic Martha , Kane John M. , Cutler Andrew J. , Liang Grace S. , O'Brien Christopher F. , Correll Christoph U. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundA minimal clinically important difference has not been established for the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale in patients with tardive dyskinesia. Valbenazine is a vesicular monoamine transporter 2 inhibitor approved for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia in adults. Efficacy in randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trials was defined as the change from baseline in Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale total score (sum of items 1‐7).ObjectivesTo estimate an minimal clinically important difference for the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale using valbenazine trial data and an anchor‐based method.MethodsData were pooled from three 6‐week double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trials: KINECT (NCT01688037), KINECT 2 (NCT01733121), and KINECT 3 (NCT02274558). Valbenazine doses were pooled for analyses as follows: “low dose,” which includes 40 or 50 mg/day; and “high dose,” which includes 75 or 80 mg/day. Mean changes from baseline in Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale total score were analyzed in all participants (valbenazine‐ and placebo‐treated) with a Clinical Global Impression of Change‐Tardive Dyskinesia or Patient Global Impression of Change score of 1 (very much improved) to 3 (minimally improved).ResultsThe least squares mean improvement from baseline to week 6 in Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale total score was significantly greater with valbenazine (low dose: –2.4; high dose: –3.2; both, P < 0.001) versus placebo (–0.7). An minimal clinically important difference of 2 points was estimated based on least squares mean changes in Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale total score in participants with a Clinical Global Impression of Change‐Tardive Dyskinesia score ≤3 at week 6 (mean change: –2.2; median change: –2) or Patient Global Impression of Change score ≤3 at week 6 (mean change: –2.0; median change: –2).ConclusionsResults from an anchor‐based method indicate that a 2‐point decrease in Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale total score may be considered clinically important. © 2019 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Frameworks for quality improvement in pediatric intensive care: A concise review
Authors: Kourtis Susan A. , Burns Jeffrey P. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractQuality improvement programs focused on improving care in intensive care units have become standard at pediatric hospitals around the world over the past several decades. However, the methodology or framework by which these programs assess quality is not standard. This review describes the varying quality improvement frameworks that have been promoted by prominent pediatric and critical care societies and the strengths and limitations of these frameworks, as well as several notable international collaboratives in this domain.
Controllable synthesis of monodisperse nonspherical colloidal particles with cavity structures
Authors: Sun Yangyi , Zhang Hua , Han Weichang , Huang Huajun , Qi Dongming 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThis article reports a facile controllable approach to prepare monodisperse nonspherical colloidal particles with cavity structures by one‐pot soap‐free emulsion polymerization of styrene (St), 3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (MPS), and acrylic acid (AA). In our strategy, only by varying the feeding time of AA to the as‐polymerized St and MPS, the nonspherical latex particles with single cavity of different surface roughness and multicavity structures could be successfully synthesized. The depth and width of the cavity can be also easily controlled by adjusting the amount of MPS and AA. A possible formation mechanism is proposed on the basis of experimental results. These nonspherical colloidal particles, which have controllable cavity structures, are good building blocks or templates for the construction of functional coating and complex colloidal architectures. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1645–1652
Quantification of electron correlation effects: Quantum Information Theory vs Method of Increments
Authors: Stemmle Christian , Paulus Beate 
Published: June 2019

AbstractUnderstanding electron correlation is crucial for developing new concepts in electronic structure theory, especially for strongly correlated electrons. We compare and apply two different approaches to quantify correlation contributions of orbitals: Quantum Information Theory (QIT) based on a Density Matrix Renormalization Group (DMRG) calculation and the Method of Increments (MoI). Although both approaches define very different correlation measures, we show that they exhibit very similar patterns when being applied to a polyacetelene model system. These results suggest one may deduce from one to the other, allowing the MoI to leverage from QIT results by screening correlation contributions with a cheap (“sloppy”) DMRG with a reduced number of block states. Or the other way around, one may select the active space in DMRG from cheap one‐body MoI calculations.
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
Authors: Garg Ravindra Kumar , Mahadevan Anita , Malhotra Hardeep Singh , Rizvi Imran , Kumar Neeraj , Uniyal Ravi 
Published: June 2019

SummarySubacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a slowly progressive brain disorder caused by mutant measles virus. SSPE affects younger age groups. SSPE incidence is proportional to that of measles. High‐income countries have seen substantial decline in SSPE incidence following universal vaccination against measles. SSPE virus differs from wild measles virus. Measles virus genome recovered from the autopsied brain tissues demonstrates clustered mutations in virus genome particularly in the M gene. These mutations destroy the structure and functioning of the encoded proteins. Complete infectious virus particle has rarely been recovered from the brain. Human neurons lack required receptor for entry of measles virus inside the neurons. Recent in vitro studies suggest that mutations in F protein confer hyperfusogenic properties to measles virus facilitating transneuronal viral spread. The inflammatory response in the brain leads to extensive tissue damage. Clinically, SSPE is characterized by florid panencephalitis. Clinically, SSPE is characterized by cognitive decline, periodic myoclonus, gait abnormalities, vision loss, and ultimately to a vegetative state. Chorioretinitis is a common ocular abnormality. Electroencephalography (EEG) shows characteristic periodic discharges. Neuroimaging demonstrates periventricular white matter signal abnormalities. In advanced stages, there is marked cerebral atrophy. Definitive diagnosis requires demonstration of elevated measles antibody titers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Many drugs have been used to stabilize the course of the disease but without evidence from randomized clinical trials. Six percent of patients may experience prolonged spontaneous remission. Fusion inhibitor peptide may, in the future, be exploited to treat SSPE. A universal vaccination against measles is the only proven way to tackle this menace currently.
Inhibition of Phosphoinositide-3-Kinase Signaling Promotes the Stem Cell State of Trophoblast
Authors: Lee Cheryl Q.E. , Bailey Alexander , Lopez-Tello Jorge , Sferruzzi-Perri Amanda N. , Okkenhaug Klaus , Moffett Ashley , Rossant Janet , Hemberger Myriam 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) are a heterogeneous cell population despite the presence of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and transforming growth factor β (TGFB) as key growth factors in standard culture conditions. To understand what other signaling cascades control the stem cell state of mouse TSCs, we performed a kinase inhibitor screen and identified several novel pathways that cause TSC differentiation. Surprisingly, inhibition of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) signaling increased the mRNA and protein expression of stem cell markers instead, and resulted in a tighter epithelial colony morphology and fewer differentiated cells. PI3K inhibition could not substitute for FGF or TGFB and did not affect phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and thus acts independently of these pathways. Upon removal of PI3K inhibition, TSC transcription factor levels reverted to normal TSC levels, indicating that murine TSCs can reversibly switch between these two states. In summary, PI3K inhibition reduces the heterogeneity and seemingly heightens the stem cell state of TSCs as indicated by the simultaneous upregulation of multiple key marker genes and cell morphology. Stem Cells 2019;37:1307–1318
Becoming an urban science teacher: How beginning teachers negotiate contradictory school contexts
Authors: Marco‐Bujosa Lisa M. , McNeill Katherine L. , Friedman Audrey A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTeacher attrition rates are high in urban schools, particularly for new science teachers. Little research has addressed how science teachers can be prepared to effectively bridge the divide between preparation and urban teaching. We utilized the theoretical frameworks of social justice, identity, and structure‐agency to investigate this transition. Specifically, we examined the Urban Science Teacher Preparation (USTP) program as a critical case of “well‐prepared” urban science teachers. Study participants included one cohort of four teachers. Data, primarily from individual interviews, a focus group, and written reflections, were collected from participants during pre‐service preparation and their first year of teaching. The USTP program nurtured the development of a professional identity aligned with teaching science for social justice, with a unique emphasis on identifying structural injustices in schools. Findings indicate all four teachers used their identities to negotiate school policies and procedures that restricted student opportunities to learn science through three processes: deconstructing the context, positioning themselves within and against the context, and enacting their identities. These findings suggest the importance of USTP programs to provide teacher candidates with political clarity for teaching for social justice and sustained induction support to resist school socialization pressures.
Digital Transformation in Health Care: Augmented Reality for Hands-Free Service Innovation
Authors: Klinker Kai , Wiesche Manuel , Krcmar Helmut 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHealth care professionals regularly require access to information systems throughout their daily work. However, existing smart devices like smartphones and tablets are difficult to use at the point of care, because health care professionals require both hands during their work. Following a design science research approach including ethnographic fieldwork and prototype tests with focus groups, we find that Augmented Reality smart glass applications offer potential for service innovation in the health care sector. Our smart glass prototype supports health care professionals during wound treatment by allowing them to document procedures hands-free while they perform them. Furthermore, we investigate the use of audio based and physical interaction with the smart glasses in a within-subjects design experiment.
Education Indicators for Internal Medicine Point-of-Care Ultrasound: a Consensus Report from the Canadian Internal Medicine Ultrasound (CIMUS) Group
Authors:   On behalf of the Canadian Internal Medicine Ultrasound (CIMUS) Group, Ambasta Anshula , Balan Marko , Mayette Michael , Goffi Alberto , Mulvagh Sharon , Buchanan Brian , Montague Steven , Ruzycki Shannon , Ma Irene W. Y. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
Curriculum development and implementation for internal medicine point-of-care ultrasound (IM POCUS) continues to be a challenge for many residency training programs. Education indicators may provide a useful framework to support curriculum development and implementation efforts across programs in order to achieve a consistent high-quality educational experience.

Objective
This study seeks to establish consensus-based recommendations for education indicators for IM POCUS training programs in Canada.

Design
This consensus study uses a modified nominal group technique for voting in the initial round, followed by two additional rounds of online voting, with consensus defined as agreement by at least 80% of the participants.

Participants
Participants were 22 leaders with POCUS and/or education expertise from 13 Canadian internal medicine residency programs across 7 provinces.

Main Measures
Education indicators considered were those that related to aspects of the POCUS educational system, could be presented by a single statistical measure, were readily understood, could be reliably measured to provide a benchmark for measuring change, and represented a policy issue. We excluded a priori indicators with low feasibility, are impractical, or assess learner reactions. Candidate indicators were drafted by two academic internists with post-graduate training in POCUS and medical education. These indicators were reviewed by two internists with training in quality improvement prior to presentation to the expert participants.

Key Results
Of the 52 candidate education indicators considered, 6 reached consensus in the first round, 12 in the second, and 4 in the third round. Only 5 indicators reached consensus to be excluded; the remaining indicators did not reach consensus.

Conclusions
The Canadian Internal Medicine Ultrasound (CIMUS) group recommends 22 education indicators be used to guide and monitor internal medicine POCUS curriculum development efforts in Canada.
Open Science and the Science-Society Relationship
Authors: Lakomý Martin , Hlavová Renata , Machackova Hana 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Nowadays, the prevailing trend in the science-society relationship is to engage with the broader public, which is beneficial for the public, scientific institutes, scientific findings, and the legitimacy of science as a whole. This article provides a broad review of the rapidly growing research on Open Science and identifies the gaps in the current knowledge for future research. The review focuses on the science-society relationship, such that knowledge from this field is summarised and systematised. Insight into the most salient topics, including science communication, public engagement with science, public cognition of science, and challenges and potential unintended consequences connected to interactions with the public are examined. The first section of the paper focuses on science communication which involves efforts and approaches to inform the public about science by the most effective means. The section on public engagement reviews how scientists and scientific institutions are increasingly involved in direct interactions with the public and different groups of stakeholders to make science more open. The section focusing on public cognition of science provides information about public knowledge, perception, and trust regarding science, which both determines and is formed by public engagement. Last, risks, ethical issues, and data issues connected to the implementation of Open Science principles are reviewed, as there are many unintended consequences of Open Science which are examined by this current research. In conclusion, research covering the science-society relationship is rapidly growing. However, it brings multiple challenges as well as opportunities which are captured and discussed in a variety of existing studies. This article provides a coherent overview of this field in order to bring more comprehensible knowledge to scientists, scientific institutions, and outreach professionals.
Cryoconite on a glacier on the north-eastern Tibetan plateau: light-absorbing impurities, albedo and enhanced melting
Authors: LI YANG , KANG SHICHANG , YAN FANGPING , CHEN JIZU , WANG KUN , PAUDYAL RUKUMESH , LIU JINGSHI , QIN XIANG , SILLANPÄÄ MIKA 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTCryoconite is a dark-coloured granular sediment that contains biological and mineralogical components, and it plays a pivotal role in geochemistry, carbon cycling and glacier mass balance. In this work, we collected cryoconite samples from Laohugou Glacier No. 12 (LHG) on the north-eastern Tibetan Plateau during the summer of 2015 and measured the spectral albedo. To explore the impacts of this sediment on surface ablation, the ice melting differences between the cryoconite-free (removed) ice and the intact layers were compared. The results showed that the mean concentrations of black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC) and total iron (Fe) in the LHG cryoconite were 1.28, 11.18 and 39.94 mg g−1, respectively. BC was found to play a stronger role in solar light adsorption than OC and free Fe. In addition, ice covered by cryoconite exhibited the lowest mean reflectance (i.e., <0.1). Compared with the cryoconite-free ice surface, cryoconite effectively absorbed solar energy and enhanced glacial melting at a rate of 2.27–3.28 cm d−1, and free Fe, BC and OC were estimated to contribute 1.01, 0.99 and 0.76 cm d−1, respectively. This study provides important insights for understanding the role of cryoconite in the glacier mass balance of the northern Tibetan Plateau.
The potential to strengthen temperature reconstructions in ecoregions with limited tree line using a multispecies approach
Authors: Alexander M. Ross , Pearl Jessie K. , Bishop Daniel A. , Cook Edward R. , Anchukaitis Kevin J. , Pederson Neil 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTree-ring reconstructions of temperature often target trees at altitudinal or latitudinal tree line where annual growth is broadly expected to be limited by and respond to temperature variability. Based on this principal, regions with sparse tree line would seem to be restricted in their potential to reconstruct past temperatures. In the northeastern United States, there are only two published temperature reconstructions. Previous work in the region reconstructing moisture availability, however, has shown that using a greater diversity of species can improve reconstruction model skill. Here, we use a network of 228 tree-ring records composed of 29 species to test the hypothesis that an increase in species diversity among the pool of predictors improves reconstructions of past temperatures. Chamaecyparis thyoides alone explained 31% of the variability in observed cool-season minimum temperatures, but a multispecies model increased the explained variance to 44%. Liriodendron tulipifera, a species not previously used for temperature reconstructions, explained a similar amount of variance as Chamaecyparis thyoides (12.9% and 20.8%, respectively). Increasing the species diversity of tree proxies has the potential for improving reconstruction of paleotemperatures in regions lacking latitudinal or elevational tree lines provided that long-lived hardwood records can be located.
Norms, institutions and freedom of speech in the US, the UK and Australia
Authors: Gelber Katharine 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWhile it has become accepted that norms can act in institution-like ways, a highly valued norm that has not been examined is free speech. Can free speech be conceptualised as acting in institution-like ways? If it can, what does this illuminate about processes of policy change? I analyse policy change between 2001 and 2011 in the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia, a period during which significant new limits were introduced on free speech in relation to national security. In addition to showing how free speech acted in institution-like ways, the analysis suggests three implications: norms can both act in institution-like ways and be subject to change in interaction with other institutions; a broad, cultural level institution can mask policy change at the narrow, rule-based level even where the latter contradicts the former; and complexity and variation in speech regulation can be understood as consequences of the to-be-expected variability in the institutionalisation of a norm.
Kinematic Design Optimization of an Eight Degree-of-Freedom Upper-Limb Exoskeleton
Authors: Zeiaee Amin , Soltani-Zarrin Rana , Langari Reza , Tafreshi Reza 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThis paper studies the problem of optimizing the kinematic structure of an eight degree-of-freedom upper-limb rehabilitation exoskeleton. The objective of optimization is achieving minimum volume and maximum dexterity in the workspace of daily activities specified by a set of upper-arm configurations. To formulate the problem, a new index is proposed for effective characterization of kinematic dexterity for wearable robots. Additionally, a set of constraints are defined to ensure that the optimal design can cover the desired workspace of the exoskeleton, while singular configurations and physical interferences are avoided. The formulated multi-objective optimization problem is solved using an evolutionary algorithm (Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II) and the weighted sum approach. Among the resulted optimal points, the point with least sensitivity with respect to the variations of design variables is chosen as the final design.