bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of quantitative trait loci underlying soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) seed weight including main, epistatic and QTL × environment effects in different regions of Northeast China
Authors: Wu Depeng , Zhan Yuhang , Sun Qiuxia , Xu Lingxiu , Lian Ming , Zhao Xue , Han Yingpeng , Li Wenbin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSeed weight (SW) is the important soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.), yield component and also affected the quality of soybean‐derived foods. The aim of this study was to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying SW through 112 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross between “Zhongdou27” (G. max, designated by its bigger seed size, 21.9 g/100 seeds) and “Jiunong 20” (G. max, smaller seed size, 17.5 g/100 seeds). Phenotypic data were collected from this RIL population after it was grown in the sixteen tested environments. A total of eight QTL (QSW1‐1, QSW2‐1, QSW2‐2, QSW5‐1, QSW15‐1, QSW17‐1, QSW19‐1 and QSW20‐1) were identified, and they could explain 4.23%–14.65% of the phenotypic variation. Among these eight QTL, three QTL (QSW1‐1 located on the interval of Sat_159‐Satt603 of chromosome (Chr) 1 (LGD1a), QSW19‐1 located on the interval of Sat_340‐Satt523 of Chr 19 (LGL) and QSW20‐1 located on Sat_418‐Sat_105 of Chr 20 (LGI)) were newly identified and could explain 4.235%–10.08%, 8.45%–13.49% and 8.08%–10.18% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. Six of the eight identified QTL including QSW2‐2, QSW5‐1, QSW15‐1, QSW17‐1, QSW19‐1 and QSW20‐1 exhibited a significant additive (a) effect, while two QTL (QSW2‐1 and QSW19‐1) only displayed significant additive‐by‐environment (ae) effects. A total of four epistatic pairwise QTL for SW were identified in the different environments. These eight QTL and their genetic information obtained here were valuable for molecular marker‐assisted selection and the realization of a reasonable SW breeding programme in soybean.
UPLC‐HRMS‐based untargeted metabolic profiling reveals changes in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) metabolome following long‐term drought stress
Authors: Khan Naeem , Bano Asghari , Rahman Mohammad Atikur , Rathinasabapathi Bala , Babar Md Ali 
Published: March 2018

AbstractGenetic improvement for drought tolerance in chickpea requires a solid understanding of biochemical processes involved with different physiological mechanisms. The objective of this study is to demonstrate genetic variations in altered metabolic levels in chickpea varieties (tolerant and sensitive) grown under contrasting water regimes through ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography/high‐resolution mass spectrometry‐based untargeted metabolomic profiling. Chickpea plants were exposed to drought stress at the 3‐leaf stage for 25 days, and the leaves were harvested at 14 and 25 days after the imposition of drought stress. Stress produced significant reduction in chlorophyll content, Fv/Fm, relative water content, and shoot and root dry weight. Twenty known metabolites were identified as most important by 2 different methods including significant analysis of metabolites and partial least squares discriminant analysis. The most pronounced increase in accumulation due to drought stress was demonstrated for allantoin, l‐proline, l‐arginine, l‐histidine, l‐isoleucine, and tryptophan. Metabolites that showed a decreased level of accumulation under drought conditions were choline, phenylalanine, gamma‐aminobutyric acid, alanine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, glucosamine, guanine, and aspartic acid. Aminoacyl‐tRNA and plant secondary metabolite biosynthesis and amino acid metabolism or synthesis pathways were involved in producing genetic variation under drought conditions. Metabolic changes in light of drought conditions highlighted pools of metabolites that affect the metabolic and physiological adjustment in chickpea that reduced drought impacts.
Early diagnosis of Lewy body disease in patients with late‐onset psychiatric disorders using clinical history of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and [123I]‐metaiodobenzylguanidine cardiac scintigraphy
Authors: Fujishiro Hiroshige , Okuda Masato , Iwamoto Kunihiro , Miyata Seiko , Torii Youta , Iritani Shuji , Ozaki Norio 
Published: March 2018

AimRapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and psychiatric symptoms often antedate the clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease or dementia with Lewy bodies. The purpose of this study was to investigate RBD and its relevance to Lewy body disease (LBD) in patients with late‐onset psychiatric disorders.MethodsStudy subjects included 19 patients with late‐onset psychiatric disorders who exhibited REM sleep without atonia (RWA), which is a hallmark of RBD on polysomnography, at our psychiatric ward. Clinical profiles and radiological findings by cardiac [123I]‐metaiodobenzylguanidine ([123I]‐MIBG) scintigraphy and imaging for the dopamine transporter (DAT) were compared between patients with and without RBD symptoms. The correlations between the percentage of RWA in the total rapid eye movement sleep (%RWA) and radiological findings were also investigated.ResultsNine patients reported RBD symptoms only on specific questioning, but clinical profiles, including the prevalence of antipsychotropic usage, did not differ when compared to the remaining 10 patients without RBD (incidental RWA group). The median %RWA was significantly higher in the definite RBD group than in the incidental RWA group. Although the cardiac [123I]‐MIBG uptake was significantly lower in the definite RBD group than in the incidental RWA group, there was overlap in the specific binding ratio on DAT scan.ConclusionThe severity of %RWA was highly correlated with the value of cardiac [123I]‐MIBG uptake, but not with specific binding ratio on DAT scan. Clinical history of RBD and cardiac [123I]‐MIBG scintigraphy are helpful for an early differential diagnosis of LBD from late‐onset psychiatric disorders, even before parkinsonism or dementia appears.
Gender and leadership emergence: A meta‐analysis and explanatory model
Authors: Badura Katie L. , Grijalva Emily , Newman Daniel A. , Yan Thomas Taiyi , Jeon Gahyun 
Published: March 2018

AbstractResearch has shown that men tend to emerge as leaders more frequently than women. However, societal role expectations for both women and leaders have changed in the decades since the last empirical review of the gender gap in leader emergence (Eagly & Karau, 1991). We leverage meta‐analytic evidence to demonstrate that the gender gap has decreased over time, but a contemporary gap remains. To understand why this gap in leader emergence occurs, we draw on social role theory to develop a Gender‐Agency/Communion‐Participation (GAP) Model—an integrative theoretical model that includes both trait and behavioral mechanisms. Specifically, we examine a sequence of effects: from gender to agentic and communal personality traits, from these traits to behavioral participation in group activities, and ultimately from participation to leader emergence. The model is tested using original meta‐analyses of the personality and behavioral mechanisms (coding 1,632 effect sizes total). Gender differences in leadership emergence are predominately explained by agentic traits (positive) and communal traits (negative), both directly and through the mechanism of participation in group discussions. In addition, several paths in the theoretical model are moderated by situational contingencies. Our study enhances knowledge of the mechanisms and boundary conditions underlying the gender gap in leader emergence.
Natural killer cell activity irreversibly decreases after Cryptosporidium gastroenteritis in neonatal mice
Authors: Filatova N. A. , Knyazev N. A. , Skarlato S. O. , Anatskaya O. V. , Vinogradov A. E. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryCryptosporidiosis causes persistent diarrhoea in infants, immunocompromised patients and elderly persons. Long‐term consequences of the disease include increased risk of malignancy, cardiomyopathy and gastrointestinal inflammation. This study aimed to investigate prolonged effects of cryptosporidiosis on innate immunity and growth in neonatal C3HA mice. The disease was challenged by Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst inoculation into 7‐day‐old animals. The mice whose intestine smears contained 3‐5 or 6 and more oocysts per microscopic field at the day 5 after infection were considered as mildly or severely infected, correspondingly. To determine natural killer cell (NK) activity, we applied 3H‐uridine cytotoxic assay to the animals at 5‐68 days after infection using K562 cells as targets. At severe infection, there was a statistically significant 1.5‐2.0 fold decline of body mass, spleen mass and spleen cellularity that persisted in animals of all ages. Accordingly, NK cytotoxicity showed even more drastic drop reaching 2.7‐3.0 folds that was statistically significant in all animals. At mild infection, the discovered effects were less pronounced and reached significance only in some age groups. Thus, our study provides evidence that NK cells show long‐term cytotoxic activity decrease following Cryptosporidium infection in neonatal mice, particularly in severe disease.
Blood calcium, glucose and haematology profiles of parturient bitches diagnosed with uterine inertia or obstructive dystocia
Authors: Frehner BL , Reichler IM , Keller S , Goericke‐Pesch S , Balogh O 
Published: March 2018

ContentsBitches with dystocia most often present with clinical signs of uterine inertia (UI). The aetiology of myometrial dysfunction in most of these cases is still not elucidated. We compared blood ionized calcium (iCa) and glucose concentrations in bitches diagnosed with primary UI (PUI, n = 14), secondary UI (SUI, n = 6) or obstructive dystocia (OD, n = 6), and we described their haematology profiles. Bitches diagnosed with UI had a patent birth canal and delivered no puppies yet (PUI) or only part of the whole litter (SUI). The OD group had no UI and showed strong abdominal contractions. Blood iCa did not differ between the PUI, SUI and OD groups and was not influenced by litter size. There was a significant positive relationship (R2 = .241, p = .013) between iCa concentrations and the dam's body weight. Glucose concentrations were also not significantly different between dystocia groups or influenced by body weight and litter size. Hypocalcaemia was detected in 11 bitches, and hypoglycaemia in two bitches. Pregnancy‐associated anaemia was seen in about one‐third of the bitches. Eight of 12 dogs had increased platelet counts, and ten had leukocytosis with mature neutrophilia.Although iCa did not differ between dystocia groups, low concentrations may have contributed to the development of UI in some of the small size bitches. Hypoglycaemia was uncommon, and therefore, we consider low glucose concentrations not to have played an important role in the pathogenesis of UI in our study population. Pregnancy‐associated anaemia, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis and mature neutrophilia were common findings in otherwise healthy bitches diagnosed with different forms of dystocia.
Spatially Varying Auto-Regressive Models for Prediction of New Human Immunodeficiency Virus Diagnoses
Authors: Shand Lyndsay , Li Bo , Park Trevor , Albarracín Dolores 
Published: March 2018

SummaryIn demand of predicting new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnosis rates based on publicly available HIV data that are abundant in space but have few points in time, we propose a class of spatially varying auto-regressive models compounded with conditional auto-regressive spatial correlation structures. We then propose to use the copula approach and a flexible conditional auto-regressive formulation to model the dependence between adjacent counties. These models allow for spatial and temporal correlation as well as space–time interactions and are naturally suitable for predicting HIV cases and other spatiotemporal disease data that feature a similar data structure. We apply the proposed models to HIV data over Florida, California and New England states and compare them with a range of linear mixed models that have been recently popular for modelling spatiotemporal disease data. The results show that for such data our proposed models outperform the others in terms of prediction.
Radiologic Image-Based Statistical Shape Analysis of Brain Tumours
Authors: Bharath Karthik , Kurtek Sebastian , Rao Arvind , Baladandayuthapani Veerabhadran 
Published: March 2018

SummaryWe propose a curve-based Riemannian geometric approach for general shape-based statistical analyses of tumours obtained from radiologic images. A key component of the framework is a suitable metric that enables comparisons of tumour shapes, provides tools for computing descriptive statistics and implementing principal component analysis on the space of tumour shapes and allows for a rich class of continuous deformations of a tumour shape. The utility of the framework is illustrated through specific statistical tasks on a data set of radiologic images of patients diagnosed with glioblastoma multiforme, a malignant brain tumour with poor prognosis. In particular, our analysis discovers two patient clusters with very different survival, subtype and genomic characteristics. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that adding tumour shape information to survival models containing clinical and genomic variables results in a significant increase in predictive power.
Pulpotomy management using laser diode in pediatric patient with severe hemophilia A under general anesthesia—A case report
Authors: Ngoc Vo Truong Nhu , Van Nga Trinh Do , Chu Dinh‐Toi , Anh Le Quynh 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTHemophilia—a bleeding disorder due to the lack of clotting factors—is mostly induced by genetic factors. Its most common type is hemophilia A. Hemorrhage in hemophilia A may occur in several different sites of the body, including those inside the oral cavity, such as mucous membrane and gum. However, only a few studies and case reports on dental issues of hemophilia A patients have been conducted. In clinical dentistry, treatment procedures are invasive, possibly leading to more severe bleeding, especially in hemophilia A cases. This paper presents the case of a 4‐year‐old boy diagnosed with severe hemophilia A, who also had several dental problems that needed endodontic treatment. We used laser diode to manage pulpotomy under general anesthesia to treat his dental diseases. His treatment procedure was performed by a dental surgeon, a hematologist, and an anesthesiologist.
Are Larger Merger Synergies Bad News for Consumers? Endogenous Post‐Merger Internal Organization
Authors: Brito Duarte , Catalão‐Lopes Margarida 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we endogenize the post‐merger internal organization of firms, considering two alternative structures: multidivisional, in which separate divisions are kept, and traditional, with cost synergies. We analyze when each structure occurs in equilibrium and how it affects welfare. We show that higher synergies do not necessarily lead to higher consumer surplus: firms can opt for a merger type that does not increase consumer surplus as much as the one that would occur with lower synergies. This highlights the importance of antitrust authorities basing their decisions not just on the magnitude of eventual synergies but also on the post‐merger organizational form.
Product Differentiation, Competitive Toughness, and Intertemporal Substitution
Authors: Ivanova Vera , Ushchev Philip 
Published: March 2018

AbstractStandard measures of competitive toughness fail to capture the fact that, as consumers optimize intertemporally, firms operating today compete with (as yet non‐existent) businesses, which will be started tomorrow. We develop a two‐tier constant elasticity of substitution (CES) model of dynamic monopolistic competition in which the impact of product differentiation on the market outcome depends crucially on the elasticity of intertemporal substitution (EIS). The degree of product differentiation per se fails to serve as a meaningful indicator of competitive toughness: what matters is its cross‐effect with EIS. We also extend the model to the case of non‐CES preferences in order to capture variable mark‐ups.
The Allocation of Scientific Talent*
Authors: Canidio Andrea 
Published: March 2018

AbstractI consider a model in which firms produce new knowledge by building laboratories and hiring researchers in a competitive market. I show that, for a given distribution of laboratories, the allocation of researchers to firms can be efficient or inefficient, depending on how fast the firms’ marginal return on the knowledge produced decreases with the amount of knowledge produced. I then argue that the allocation of researchers to laboratories is likely to be inefficient if firms invest in research and development primarily to increase their absorptive capacity (i.e., their ability to use the stock of publicly available knowledge). When the distribution of laboratories is endogenous, a second source of inefficiency arises: firms’ underinvestment in laboratories. Policies subsidizing investment in laboratories are ineffective at restoring the first best, unless policies aimed at reallocating researchers to firms are also put in place.
Correlates of accelerometer‐assessed physical activity in pregnancy—The 2015 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort Study
Authors: da Silva S. G. , Evenson K. R. , da Silva I. C. M. , Mendes M. A. , Domingues M. R. , da Silveira M. F. , Wehrmeister F. C. , Ekelund U. , Hallal P. C. 
Published: March 2018

Objective methods to measure physical activity (PA) have become available and widely used given the high degree of precision to evaluate PA. However, few studies have used accelerometers to measure PA during pregnancy, especially in low‐ and middle‐income countries. We assessed overall PA, moderate, vigorous, and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) objectively measured among pregnant women and their correlates in a population‐based study. PA was assessed for seven consecutive days using a raw triaxial wrist‐worn accelerometer in women interviewed around 16 and 24 weeks of gestation in the 2015 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort Study. The average acceleration, which expresses overall PA, was presented in milli‐g (1 mg = 0.001 g), and average time (min/day) spent in MVPA (>100 mg) was also analyzed in 5‐ and 10‐min bouts. Analyses were performed using linear regression. In total, 2317 women were included in the analyses. Overall PA was 27.6 mg. Pregnant women spent on average 14 min/day in MVPA and 0.4 min in vigorous PA. Time spent in MVPA and total PA were inversely associated with years in school and income, and were lower among women receiving advice to not exercise. MVPA was also inversely associated with age, lower among women living with a partner, and higher among non‐white women. The study indicated low levels of PA among pregnant women. The identified correlates may provide a framework to better understand factors influencing PA during pregnancy and thus inform future interventions.
Family meta‐emotion and the onset of major depressive disorder in adolescence: A prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Schwartz Orli S. , Rowell Vanessa J. , Whittle Sarah , Byrne Michelle L. , Simmons Julian G. , Sheeber Lisa , McKenzie Vicki , Allen Nicholas B. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMeta‐emotion philosophy refers to an organized set of thoughts, reactions, and feelings about one's emotions and the emotions of others (Gottman, Katz, & Hooven, 1997). This study investigated the prospective relationship between family meta‐emotion processes and adolescent‐onset major depressive disorder (MDD). Adolescents (N = 198, mean age 12.5 years) and one of their parents each completed the Meta‐Emotion Interview (Katz & Gottman, 1986), and adolescents were followed‐up at ages 15, 16.5, and 19 years to assess for MDD onset. In the Meta‐Emotion Interviews, parents and adolescents were asked about both their own, and the others', anger and sadness. Results showed that parent‐report of their own meta‐emotion philosophy of sadness prospectively predicted MDD onset in adolescence, as did adolescent‐report of low parental emotion coaching in relation to sadness, and adolescent self‐perceived emotional competence in relation to sadness. Adolescents' perceptions of family emotional environments characterized by high levels of parental anger expression and family conflict also prospectively predicted MDD onset. These findings highlight the continued importance of family emotional processes in adolescence, and provide insight into how parents' and adolescents' perceptions of emotional processes within the family, particularly in relation to sadness, may be prospectively associated with risk for adolescent onset MDD.
The BDNF gene val66met polymorphism and behavioral inhibition in early childhood
Authors: Vandermeer Matthew R. J. , Sheikh Haroon I. , Singh Shiva S. , Klein Daniel N. , Olino Thomas M. , Dyson Margaret W. , Bufferd Sara J. , Hayden Elizabeth P. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractStably elevated behavioral inhibition (BI) is an established risk factor for internalizing disorders. This stability may be related to genetic factors, including a valine‐to‐methionine substitution on codon 66 (val66met) of the brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene. Past work on the BDNF met variant has inconsistently linked it to vulnerability to internalizing problems; some of this inconsistency may stem from the failure to consider gene‐trait interactions in shaping the course of early BI. Toward elucidating early pathways to anxiety vulnerability, we examined gene‐by‐trait interactions in predicting the course of BI over time in 476 children, assessed for BI using standardized laboratory methods. We found that children with the met allele showed lower stability of BI between ages 3 and 6 than those without this allele. While the mechanisms that underlie this effect are unclear, our findings are consistent with the notion that the met variant, in the context of early BI, influences the stability of this trait in early development.
Emotional competencies relate to co‐rumination: Implications for emotion socialization within adolescent friendships
Authors: Borowski Sarah K. , Zeman Janice 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDespite the acknowledged importance of friendships in emotional development during adolescence, little research has empirically examined emotion socialization processes within friendships. Co‐rumination is one such process that may involve many emotion‐related skills due to its negative emotional focus and links to emotional distress. The current study examines whether adolescent friends’ emotional competencies (i.e., emotional awareness, emotion regulation) relate to co‐rumination. Adolescents (N = 192; 53% girls; Mage = 12.67; 76% European American, 17.7% African American) participated with a reciprocated same‐sex best friend. Adolescents reported on their own and their friends’ emotional competencies and participated in observed video‐taped problem discussion task that was coded for co‐rumination. Results indicated that indices of poor emotional competence related to greater co‐rumination for girls. For boys, stronger emotional competence related to greater co‐rumination. There were more significant links to co‐rumination from adolescents’ perceptions of their friends’ emotion regulation than self‐reports of their own emotion regulation. Results are discussed with a focus on implications for emotion socialization within the best friend context during early adolescence.