bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiting Orthopaedic Surgery Residents’ Views of the CDC and AAOS Precautionary Guidelines for HIV
Authors: Schwarzman Garrett , Rybalko Dan , Danilkowicz Richard , Hutchinson Mark 
Published: October 2018

Background:
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate how orthopaedic residents’ views and behaviors toward the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have changed over the past 25 years.

Methods:
Between May 2017 and June 2017, an electronic survey was distributed to residents who were enrolled orthopaedic residency programs in the United States. The survey included questions based on the revised 2012 American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines for HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission prevention. Every program in the United States was contacted to avoid selection bias. Categorical data were analyzed with use of the chi-square goodness-of-fit test for the comparison of current and historical results. The null hypothesis of no change between survey results in 1992 and 2016 was set at p > 0.05. Numerical data were analyzed with use of the chi-square goodness-of-fit test with subsequent p value calculations to determine deviation from expected values between the 2 study years.

Results:
The present study demonstrated that there have been compelling changes in residents’ attitudes and behaviors with respect to HIV. Current residents are more aware of and compliant with their institutional safety protocols. They are also more accepting of treating HIV-positive patients. However, current residents underestimate the risk of HIV transmission from needle-stick injury and are less aware of proper timing for post-exposure prophylactic medication administration.

Conclusions:
The present study indicates that there has been a compelling positive change in perception and prevention of HIV transmission by orthopaedic residents in the past 25 years but that there is still room for improvement.
Safety and efficacy of Curcumin versus Diclofenac in Knee Osteoarthritis: a randomized open label parallel arm study
Authors: Shep Dhaneshwar , Khanwelkar Chitra , Gade Prakashchandra , Karad Satyanand 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Background

To compare the efficacy and safety of curcumin with diclofenac in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods

In this randomized, open label, parallel, active controlled clinical study, 139 patients of OA knee were randomized to receive either Curcumin 500 mg (Curcugreen®) capsule thrice daily or diclofenac 50 mg tablet twice daily for 28 days. Patients underwent assessment at baseline, day 7 day 14 and day 28. Primary efficacy measures were severity of pain (Visual Analogue Scale) and the Knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS) subscale at day 14 and day 28. Anti-flatulent effect (at day 7), anti-ulcer effect, weight lowering effect, patient and physician’s global assessment of therapy at day 28 were included as secondary endpoints. Safety after treatment was evaluated by recording adverse events and laboratory investigation.

Results

Both treatment groups showed similar improvement in primary endpoints at each evaluation visit. Patients receiving curcumin showed similar improvement in severity of pain and KOOS scale when compared to diclofenac, and the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The patients treated with curcumin experienced significantly greater reduction in number of episodes of flatulence compared with diclofenac (p<0.0001). Similar trend was observed for weight lowering effect of curcumin (p<0.0001) and anti-ulcer effect. None of the patients required H2 Blockers in Curcumin group and 19 patients required H2 blockers in Diclofenac group (0% Vs 28%, respectively; p <0.00001). Adverse effects were significantly less in curcumin group (13% vs. 38% in diclofenac group; p=0.0015). Patient’s and physician’s global assessment of therapy was similar towards both the treatment.

Conclusion

Curcumin has similar efficacy, but better tolerated than diclofenac among patients with OA of knee. Curcumin can be an alternative treatment option in the patients of OA of knee who are intolerant to the side effects of NSAIDS.

Trial Registration

ISRCTN, ISRCTN10074826, Registered 21 November 2017 - Retrospectively registered, http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN10074826
Soil Health and Yields on Non‐Sodic Soils Amended with Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsum
Authors: Presley D. , He Y. , Tomlinson P. 
Published: October 2018

Core Ideas
Flue gas desulfurization gypsum did not affect crop yield or grain.
Flue gas desulfurization gypsum did not improve soil physical properties.
Soil sulfate levels increased at both sites, electrical conductivity increased at one site.
There were no effects on soil microbial community size or structure.
Flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGDG) is approved for use in Kansas as a fertilizer and as a soil amendment. Gypsum is an effective product used in remediation of sodic soils. Marketing has promoted the general use of FGDG as a means of improving soil health, and this has prompted extension questions regarding whether or not FGDG would be beneficial for soil health when applied to non‐sodic soils. Two 3‐year studies were conducted in Kansas from 2013 to 2015 on long‐term no‐tilled fields; one was done with small research plots, and the other site was an on‐farm collaboration with a producer and an agricultural retailer. No crop yield effects were observed for any of the site years. Soil SO4–S consistently increased with increasing FGDG at both sites. Electrical conductivity (EC) and Mehlich‐3 P values were affected by the treatments on the small‐plot study location, but not at the larger field study. The small‐plot study location received less‐than‐average precipitation every year of the project, while the larger on‐farm study location received above‐average precipitation two out of 3 years, likely explaining the differences in EC at the two sites. There were no treatment differences at either site for the selected soil physical and biological indicators of soil health. Based on the results of this project, FGDG did not improve the health of two no‐tilled, non‐irrigated, non‐sodic soils during a 3‐year period, other than to supply SO4–S.
Scheduling of Furrow Irrigation Initiation on Soybean Yield and Net Returns
Authors: Francis P.B. , Stark C.R. , Henry C.G. , Espinoza L. , Ismanov M. , Hayes S. , Earnest L. 
Published: October 2018

Core Ideas
Irrigation delays reduced yield and profit for indeterminate soybean on loamy soils.
Irrigation delays did not affect a determinate cultivar on a loamy soil.
A 2‐week irrigation initiation delay can reduce yield on a cracking clay soil.
Delays in irrigation initiation will reduce plant heights and canopy cover.
The majority of soybeans (Glycine max L. Merr.) grown in alluvial soils of the Mid‐South USA are irrigated. The impact of delayed irrigation initiation of 0, 5, 10, and 15 days on soybean growth, yield, and economic returns was investigated for three seasons on two contrasting soils located 1,000‐ft distance apart: silt loam and silty clay. Scheduling was determined using the Arkansas Scheduler, a deficit‐driven program. On the silt loam soil, cultivars representing maturity groups (MG) 3, 4, and 5 were planted in 2007, 2009, and 2010. In 2007, delays of 15 days were omitted on the silt loam soil due to rain. On the silty clay, MG 4 was planted in 2008 and MG 5 in 2009 and 2010. Delays of 15 days reduced seed yields and net returns in 2 of 3 years on the silt loam for MG 3 and 4 cultivars but not for MG 5. On the silty clay, a 15‐day delay reduced yields in all three seasons but had no effect on net returns. Irrigation initiation delays reduced plant heights and canopy cover at both sites and all seasons, especially for 15‐day delays. Delays in irrigation initiation of 15 days increased risk for early maturing indeterminate cultivars more than later‐maturing determinate cultivars in the silt loam soil and for all cultivars in the silty clay. However, delaying irrigation initiation by as much as 10 days for determinate cultivars can potentially reduce irrigation costs without sacrificing yield and net returns.
Performance of Postemergence Broadleaf Herbicides Applied with Novel Lawn Care Application Equipment
Authors: Patton Aaron J. , Weisenberger Daniel V. , Schortgen Geoff P. , Fausey Jason C. , Breuninger James M. 
Published: October 2018

Core Ideas
Dandelion and white clover are equally controlled by postemergence herbicides using a range of commercially available turf application equipment.
Low carrier volume equipment with coarse droplet sizes provided acceptable postemergence broadleaf weed control in this study.
Turf herbicide labels need to be updated to indicate when low‐volume application equipment is effective.
The lawn care industry has recently shifted to using ride‐on sprayer/spreaders to make fertilizer and pesticide applications to lawn and athletic turf. This equipment has provided many benefits, but the small spray tanks necessitate a low application volume of 10 to 20 gal/acre, which is less than the recommended carrier volume on many turf herbicide labels. As such, our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of postemergence broadleaf herbicides using new ride‐on sprayers at low‐spray carrier volumes compared with traditional lawn application technology and spray carrier volumes of 43 to 87 gal/acre. Herbicides were applied with four different types of application equipment: PermaGreen Triumph Spreader/Sprayer at 10.9 gal/acre, Z‐Spray Junior calibrated to deliver either 10 or 20 gal/acre, Lesco ChemLawn Spray Gun at 87 gal/acre, and a hand‐held boom sprayer at 87 gal/acre. An analysis of variance revealed no differences in dandelion (P = 0.57) or white clover control (P = 0.61) with various postemergence herbicides as influenced by application equipment. Despite a low carrier volume and coarse droplet size, weeds were equally controlled by herbicides with low‐volume equipment. The similar performance of the application equipment across a range of spray carrier volumes allows for greater flexibility for applicators to use multiple pieces of equipment in their fleet depending on the individual site needs.
Follow-up and prognosis of HCM
Authors: Dominguez Fernando , Sanz-Sánchez Jorge , García-Pavía Pablo , Zorio Esther 
Published: October 2018

[first paragraph of article]The frequency of follow-up visits in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients is mainly determined by their symptoms, age and severity of disease. Clinical visits should focus on sudden cardiac death (SCD) and embolic risk-assessment, changes in symptoms, cardiac rhythm, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) and left ventricular (LV) systolic function.
Predicting Inhibitors for Multidrug Resistance Associated Protein-2 Transporter by Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Kharangarh Sahil , Sandhu Hardeep , Tangadpalliwar Sujit , Garg Prabha 
Published: October 2018

Background:
The efflux transporter multidrug resistance associated protein-2 belongs to
ATP-binding cassette superfamily which plays an important role in multidrug resistance and drugdrug
interactions. Efflux transporters are considered to be important targets for increasing the
efficacy of drugs and importance of computational study of efflux transporters for predicting
substrates, non-substrates, inhibitors and non-inhibitors is well documented. Previous work on
predictive models for inhibitors of multidrug resistance associated Protein-2 efflux transporter
showed that machine learning methods produced good results.

Objective:
The aim of the present work was to develop a machine learning predictive model to
classify inhibitors and non-inhibitors of multidrug resistance associated protein-2 transporter using a
well refined dataset.

Method:
In this study, the various algorithms of machine learning were used to develop the
predictive models i.e. support vector machine, random forest and k-nearest neighbor. The methods
like variance threshold, SelectKBest, random forest, and recursive feature elimination were used to
select the features generated by PyDPI. A total of 239 molecules consisting of 124 inhibitors and 115
non-inhibitors were used for model development.

Results:
The best multidrug resistance associated protein-2 inhibitor model showed prediction
accuracies of 0.76, 0.72 and 0.79 for training, 5-fold cross-validation and external sets, respectively.

Conclusion:
It was observed that support vector machine model built on features selected using
recursive feature elimination method shows the best performance. The developed model can be used
in the early stages of drug discovery for identifying the inhibitors of multidrug resistance associated
protein-2 efflux transporter.
Gemcitabine-loaded Folic Acid Tagged Liposomes: Improved Pharmacokinetic and Biodistribution Profile
Authors: Unnam Sambamoorthy , Panduragaiah Venkataraju Makam , Sidramappa Manjappa Arehalli , Muddana Eswara Bhanoji Rao 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Gemcitabine (GEM) is found effective in the treatment of many solid tumors.
However, its use is restricted due to its small circulation half-life, fast metabolism and low capacity for
selective tumor uptake. Folate receptors (FRs) have been recognized as cellular surface markers, which
can be used for cancer targeting. PEGylated liposomes decorated with folic acid have been investigated
for several anticancer agents not only to extend plasma half-life but also for tumor targeting via folic
acid receptors which overexpressed on tumor cell surface.

Objective:
Therefore, the objective of the present study was to prepare GEM-loaded folic acid tagged
liposomes to improve the pharmacokinetics and tumor distribution of GEM.

Methods:

The blank folate-targeted liposomes composed of HSPC/DSPE-mPEG2000/DSPE-mPEG-Folic
acid were prepared first by thin film hydration technique. GEM was then loaded into liposomes by remote
loading technique. The optimized liposomal formulations were evaluated in vitro for GEM release
using dialysis technique, HeLa cell uptake using FACS technique, and cytotoxicity using MTT dye
reduction assay. The comparative in vivo pharmacokinetic and biodistribution characteristics of radiolabeled
(99mTc-labeled) plain GEM solution, and all liposomal formulations (conventional:CLs; stealth:
SLs; folate targeted: FTLs) were evaluated in mice model.

Results:
GEM-loaded FTLs showed sustained release profile, efficient uptake by HeLa cells and greater
cytotoxicity. Further, FTLs displayed significantly improved pharmacokinetics, and biodistribution
profile of loaded GEM.

In conclusion, the developed GEM-loaded folic acid receptor-targeted liposomal formulation
could be a promising and potential alternative formulation for further development.
Permeation Efficacy of a Transdermal Vehicle with Steroidal Hormones and Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Agents as Model Drugs
Authors: Junqueira Laura A. , Polonini Hudson , Loures Sharlene , Raposo Nádia R.B. , Ferreira Anderson O. , Brandão Marcos Antônio F. 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Transdermal delivery is an alternative route for the administration of drugs.
However, it requires the development of vehicles that allow the drugs to cross the layers of the skin and
reach the systemic circulation.

Objective:
In this study, a new transdermal vehicle was evaluated using progesterone, estradiol, estradiol
+ estriol (Biest) and ketoprofen administered as model drugs.
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Methods: To evaluate the ex vivo permeation of the drugs, the Franz vertical diffusion cell with human
skin was used.

Results:
After 24 h, the vehicle was able to deliver 18.32 &#181;g/cm2 of progesterone and 92.07 &#181;g/cm2 of
ketoprofen through the skin to the receptor medium. The permeation percentages were 91%, 78.8%,
48.5%, 73.2%, and 63.6%, respectively, for estradiol, estradiol (Biest), estriol (Biest), progesterone and
ketoprofen. For all drugs, sufficient amounts were delivered to achieve a systemic effect, and it was
also possible to decrease the amount of emulsion applied.

Thus, the vehicle demonstrated a high performance and the possibility of it being used for
drugs that present difficulties in regards to administration by the transdermal route.
Current Updates on Bone Grafting Biomaterials and Recombinant Human Growth Factors Implanted Biotherapy for Spinal Fusion: A Review of Human Clinical Studies
Authors: Li Guanbao , Li Pinquan , Chen Qiuan , Thu Hnin Ei , Hussain Zahid 
Published: October 2018

Background:Owing to their great promise in the spinal surgeries, bone graft substitutes have been widely investigated for their safety and clinical potential. By the current advances in the spinal surgery, an understanding of the precise biological mechanism of each bone graft substitute is mandatory for upholding the induction of solid spinal fusion.Objective:The aim of the present review is to critically discuss various surgical implications and level of evidence of most commonly employed bone graft substitutes for spinal fusion.Method:Data was collected via electronic search using “PubMed”, “SciFinder”, “ScienceDirect”, “Google Scholar”, “Web of Science” and a library search for articles published in peer-reviewed journals, conferences, and e-books.Results:Despite having exceptional inherent osteogenic, osteoinductive, and osteoconductive features, clinical acceptability of autografts (patient’s own bone) is limited due to several perioperative and postoperative complications i.e., donor-site morbidities and limited graft supply. Alternatively, allografts (bone harvested from cadaver) have shown great promise in achieving acceptable bone fusion rate while alleviating the donor-site morbidities associated with implantation of autografts. As an adjuvant to allograft, demineralized bone matrix (DBM) has shown remarkable efficacy of bone fusion, when employed as graft extender or graft enhancer. Recent advances in recombinant technologies have made it possible to implant growth and differentiation factors (bone morphogenetic proteins) for spinal fusion.Selection of a particular bone grafting biotherapy can be rationalized based on the level of spine fusion, clinical experience and preference of orthopaedic surgeon, and prevalence of donor-site morbidities.
Diabetes and Mortality in Acute Coronary Syndrome: Findings from the Gulf COAST Registry
Authors: Shehab Abdulla , Bhagavathula Akshaya Srikanth , Al-Rasadi Khalid , Alshamsi Fayez , Al Kaab Juma , Thani Khalid Bin , Mustafa Ridha 
Published: October 2018

Background:
The prevalence of traditional risk factors such as diabetes mellitus (DM) and
obesity are increasing in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Furthermore, outcomes after
ACS are worse in patients with DM. The high prevalence of DM and an early age at onset of ACS have
been described in prior publications from the Gulf Coast Database.

Aim:
We aimed to define the effect of DM on total mortality following ACS presentation at 30-days
and 1 year based on the Gulf COAST registry database.

Methods:
The Gulf COAST registry is a prospective, multinational, longitudinal, observational cohort
study conducted among Gulf citizens admitted with a diagnosis of ACS. The outcomes among patients
with DM following ACS were stratified into 2 groups based on their DM status. Cumulative survival
stratified by groups and subgroup categories was assessed by the Kaplan-Meier method.

Results:
Of 3,576 ACS patients, 2,730 (76.3%) presented with non ST-segment elevation myocardial
infarction (NSTEMI) and 846 (23.6%) with STEMI. Overall, 1906 patients (53.3%) had DM. A significantly
higher in-hospital (4.8%), 30-day (6.7%) and 1-year (13.7%) mortality were observed in patients
with DM compared with those without DM. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed significant differences
in survival of ACS patients with or without DM, with a short period of time-to-event for DM
patients with STEMI (30-days) and the longest (1-year) for NSTEMI patients without DM.

Conclusion:
DM patients presenting with ACS-STEMI have poor short-term outcomes while DMNSTEMI
patients have poor long-term outcomes. This highlights the need for strategies to evaluate DM
control and integration of care to control vascular risk among this high-risk population.
Immunisation Status of Children with Cerebral Palsy in Rural Bangladesh: Results from the Bangladesh Cerebral Palsy Register (BCPR)
Authors: May P. , Smithers-Sheedy H. , Muhit M. , Cumming R. , Jones C. , Booy R. , Badawi N. , Khandaker G. 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common cause of physical disability in
childhood, with an estimated 17 million cases worldwide. There is limited data concerning the
general health of this population and the immunisation status of children with CP is largely unknown.

Objective:
We aimed to assess the immunisation status of children with CP in rural Bangladesh
and determine the predictors of non-immunisation.

Methods:
This study is part of the Bangladesh CP Register (BCPR) study; a population based CP
register commenced in January 2015 in the Shahjadpur sub-district of Bangladesh. As part of
BCPR registration, all children with CP in the catchment area were assessed by a paediatrician
and their clinical and immunisation history were collected.

Results:
Between January and December 2015, 615 children with CP were registered on the
BCPR. The median age of the children was 7.5 years, and 38.5% were female. 91.7% of those
children had a BCG vaccine scar (as an objective marker for immunisation at birth). However,
only 43.2% reported to have received the rubella vaccine during the 2014 national rubella immunisation
campaign. Timing of CP diagnosis was found to be an independent predictor for immunisation
uptake; those diagnosed before the age of 3 were more likely to have received the rubella
vaccine (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6 - 4.3, odds ratio [OR] 2.6, p <0.0001).

Conclusion:
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper to use a formal CP register to
examine the relationship between CP and immunisation status in a low or middle income country
like Bangladesh. Our data suggest that more than half of children with CP in rural Bangladesh did
not receive immunisation during a recent national campaign.
Probiotics for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases: An Updated Review of the Published Literature
Authors: Dailey Francis E. , Turse Erica P. , Rossow Brett , Kuwajima Vanessa K. , Tahan Veysel 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Probiotics can be viewed as biological agents that modify the intestinal microbiota
and certain cytokine profiles, which can lead to an improvement in certain gastrointestinal
diseases, including diarrhea, inflammatory bowel disease, and liver disease.

Discussion:
Consumption of probiotics in their various forms, including yogurt, functional foods, and
dietary supplements, is frequently encountered worldwide. Often, however, the correct prescription of
these agents is dampened due to a lack of knowledge of the scientific evidence and the different presentations
and microbial compositions of the currently available probiotic options. Here, we provide an
up-to-date review of the evidence of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of various gastrointestinal
diseases.

Objective:
Consumption of probiotics in their various forms, including yogurt, functional foods, and
dietary supplements, is frequently encountered worldwide. Often, however, the correct prescription of
these agents is dampened due to a lack of knowledge of the scientific evidence and the different presentations
and microbial compositions of the currently available probiotic options.

Methods/Results:
Here, we provide an up-to-date review of the evidence of probiotics in the prevention
and treatment of various gastrointestinal diseases.

Conclusion:
While not efficacious in every disease process studied, probiotics have demonstrated
some benefit in several specific gastrointestinal and liver diseases.