bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tuberculosis and malaria walk side by side in the Brazilian Amazon: an ecological approach
Authors: Teixeira Rahyja , Rodrigues Maria Gabriela Almeida , Ferreira Marcia Danielle , Borges Maria Cecília , Safe Izabella , Melo Gisely Cardoso , Spener Renata , Garrido Marlucia Silva , Monteiro Wuelton Marcelo , Siqueira André Machado , Lacerda Marcus Vinícius Guimarães , Cordeiro‐Santos Marcelo , de Souza Sampaio Vanderson 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the spatial distribution of TB and malaria incidence, as well as their spatial association with each other, regardless of environmental and socio‐economic factors commonly reported as determinants of both disease rates among the municipalities of Amazonas State, Brazil between 2012 and 2015.MethodsThrough an ecological approach considering municipalities of Amazonas, Brazil, as unit of analysis, a negative binomial regression model was used to assess association between malaria and TB rates, in which the dependent variable was the average municipal tuberculosis incidence rate.ResultsPositive associations of overall malaria (β = 0.100 [CI = 0.032, 0.168], P = 0.004), P. vivax malaria (β = 0.115 [CI = 0.036, 0.195], P = 0.005), and P. falciparum malaria (β = 0.389 [CI = −0.0124, 0.791], P = 0.057) with TB rates were found, regardless of the sociodemographic factors included in the study.ConclusionIn the Brazilian Amazon, TB and malaria are spatially associated. Therefore, it is very likely that co‐infections also occur in this region, regardless of the HIV status.
Minimally invasive microsurgical decompression of an intervertebral disc protrusion in a dog
Authors: Guevar Julien , Olby Natasha 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo report the successful treatment of intervertebral disc protrusion with minimally invasive microsurgery in a large breed dog.Study designRetrospective case report.AnimalA 4‐year‐old, neutered male, German shepherd dog presented with chronic progressive ambulatory paraparesis and thoracolumbar pain; lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion and severe spinal cord compression at L2‐L3 were diagnosed.MethodsA minimally invasive approach was used to access the target surgical area by using a muscle splitting technique and retractors. Intraoperative fluoroscopy confirmed correct placement. Magnification and illumination through a surgical microscope were used (microsurgery) to perform the spinal cord decompression by means of a foraminotomy and lateral corpectomy.ResultsTechnically, the combination of fluoroscopy and muscle splitting approach offered adequate minimally invasive access. Microsurgery allowed for precise and efficient spinal cord decompression. Clinically, no immediate postoperative neurological deterioration was observed. Opioid usage was limited to 24 hours postoperatively. Focal muscle swelling was observed postoperatively for 2 days, and hospital stay was 3 days. At 7 weeks postoperatively, neurological examination results were normal, and postoperative MRI confirmed spinal cord decompression. No complications were reported.ConclusionThe procedure was associated with a small incision, limited muscle trauma, early improvement of the neurological status, a short hospital stay, and limited postoperative pain.Clinical significanceThis case provides evidence that minimally invasive microsurgery is an effective treatment for intervertebral disc protrusion in large breed dogs and may offer benefits regarding postoperative pain and functional recovery.
Dynamic
Interactions Between the Rolling Element and the Cage in Rolling Bearing Under Rotational Speed
Fluctuation Conditions
Authors: Tu Wenbing , Luo Ya , Yu Wennian 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
A nonlinear dynamic model is proposed to investigate the dynamic interactions between the rolling element and cage under rotational speed fluctuation conditions. Discontinuous Hertz contact between the rolling element and the cage and lubrication and interactions between rolling elements and raceways are considered. The dynamic model is verified by comparing simulation result with the published experimental data. Based on this model, the interaction forces and the contact positions between the rolling element and the cage with and without the rotational speed fluctuation are analyzed. The effects of fluctuation amplitude, fluctuation frequency, and cage pocket clearance on the interaction forces between the rolling element and the cage are also investigated. The results show that the fluctuation of the rotational speed and the cage pocket clearance significantly affects the interaction forces between the rolling element and the cage.
Design of a Prototype for the In Situ Forming of a Liquid-Infused Preform Process
Authors: Juan Jaime , Núria Salán M. , Silva Arlindo , Tornero José A. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The world is changing and demanding stronger, lighter, and more versatile materials. Taking advantage of the full potential of these materials also requires versatile manufacturing processes. The in situ forming of a liquid-infused preform (ISFLIP) is a new manufacturing process for fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) parts with shell shapes. ISFLIP is a hybrid process between vacuum infusion (VI) and diaphragm forming. This paper focuses on the mechanical design and experimental validation of a functional prototype of ISFLIP. The novelty of the design lies especially in a double-diaphragm system that is fundamental to carrying out the forming just after the infusion stage. The double-diaphragm system and other two major subsystems, a vacuum table and an infrared heating grid, were devised to benefit from the operational advantages of ISFLIP. The whole prototype, once constructed, was tested by forming some demonstration components. The result of one of these components, a “C” cross-section FRP profile with two sharp joggles, is finally obtained, proving the feasibility of the prototype.
Ultrasound Imaging of the Paraspinal Muscles for Interscapular Pain After Back Massage
Authors: Ricci Vincenzo , Özçakar Levent 
Published: June 2019

Muscle injuries are very common in sports medicine, but involvement of the paraspinal muscles is relatively rare. The diagnosis is usually clinical, but diagnostic imaging modalities (ie, ultrasound and magnetic resonance) identify, in detail, the anatomical site and extension of the lesion helping the physician plan a specific rehabilitation program. Likewise, the authors present an unusual case of a amateur volleyball player who suffered injury of the paraspinal muscles after a session of manual therapy with deep massage. The authors also highlight the potential role of ultrasound imaging in detecting muscle injuries not only in the limbs but also at the level of paraspinal region for prompt management and return to play.
Can nudge-interventions address health service overuse and underuse? Protocol for a systematic review
Authors: O’Keeffe Mary , Traeger Adrian C , Hoffmann Tammy , Ferreira Giovanni Esteves , Soon Jason , Maher Christopher 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionNudge-interventions aimed at health professionals are proposed to reduce the overuse and underuse of health services. However, little is known about their effectiveness at changing health professionals’ behaviours in relation to overuse or underuse of tests or treatments.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to systematically identify and synthesise the studies that have assessed the effect of nudge-interventions aimed at health professionals on the overuse or underuse of health services.Methods and analysisWe will perform a systematic review. All study designs that include a control comparison will be included. Any qualified health professional, across any specialty or setting, will be included. Only nudge-interventions aimed at altering the behaviour of health professionals will be included. We will examine the effect of choice architecture nudges (default options, active choice, framing effects, order effects) and social nudges (accountable justification and pre-commitment or publicly declared pledge/contract). Studies with outcomes relevant to overuse or underuse of health services will be included. Relevant studies will be identified by a computer-aided search of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library), MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase and PsycINFO databases. Two independent reviewers will screen studies for eligibility, extract data and perform the risk of bias assessment using the criteria recommended by the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care (EPOC) group. We will report our results in a structured synthesis format, as recommended by the Cochrane EPOC group.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical approval is required for this study. Results will be presented at relevant scientific conferences and in peer-reviewed literature.
Impact of emergency physician experience on decision-making in patients with suspected community-acquired pneumonia and undergoing systematic thoracic CT scan
Authors: Le Bel Josselin , Pelaccia Thierry , Ray Patrick , Mayaud Charles , Brun Anne-Laure , Hausfater Pierre , Casalino Enrique , Benjoar Mikhael , Claessens Yann-Erick , Duval Xavier 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesTo determine whether the impact of a thoracic CT scan on community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) diagnosis and patient management varies according to emergency physician’s experience (≤10 vs >10 years).MethodsEarly thoracic CT Scan for Community-Acquired Pneumonia at the Emergency Department is an interventional study conducted from November 2011 to January 2013 in four French emergency departments, and included suspected patients with CAP. We analysed changes in emergency physician CAP diagnosis classification levels before and after CT scan; and their agreement with an adjudication committee. We performed univariate analysis to determine the factors associated with modifying the diagnosis classification level to be consistent with the radiologist’s CT scan interpretation.Results319 suspected patients with CAP and 136 emergency physicians (75% less experienced with ≤10 years, 25% with >10 years of experience) were included. The percentage of patients whose classification was modified to become consistent with CT scan radiologist’s interpretation was higher among less-experienced than experienced emergency physicians (54.2% vs 40.2%; p=0.02). In univariate analysis, less emergency physician experience was the only factor associated with changing a classification to be consistent with the CT scan radiologist’s interpretation (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.01 to 3.10, p=0.04). After CT scan, the agreement between emergency physicians and adjudication committee was moderate for less-experienced emergency physicians and slight for experienced emergency physicians (k=0.457 and k=0.196, respectively). After CT scan, less-experienced emergency physicians modified patient management significantly more than experienced emergency physicians (36.1% vs 21.7%, p=0.01).ConclusionsIn clinical practice, less-experienced emergency physicians were more likely to accurately modify their CAP diagnosis and patient management based on thoracic CT scan than more experienced emergency physicians.Trial registration numberNCT01574066
Dexrazoxane preferentially mitigates doxorubicin cardiotoxicity in female children with sarcoma
Authors: Narayan Hari K , Putt Mary E , Kosaraju Nikitha , Paz Alejandro , Bhatt Shivani , Plappert Theodore , Mercer-Rosa Laura , Armenian Saro H , Desai Ami V , Womer Richard B , Ky Bonnie 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveWe sought to determine how sex and dexrazoxane therapy influence cardiac remodelling in children with sarcoma receiving high-dose doxorubicin.MethodsIn a retrospective cohort of 85 children with sarcoma receiving high-dose doxorubicin, echocardiography measures prior to, early after (within 6 months of doxorubicin completion) and 1 – 2 years after doxorubicin completion were quantified. At each follow-up visit, multivariable, propensity-adjusted linear regression models evaluated dexrazoxane’s effects on changes in left ventricular (LV) shortening fraction (SF), structure, strain and wall stress for subgroups divided by sex. Likelihood ratio tests assessed the interaction between sex and dexrazoxane in determining these changes.ResultsEarly after doxorubicin completion, males not treated with dexrazoxane (n = 15) developed increased cavity size and diminished circumferential strain; females (n = 8) developed diminished SF and strain indices, and increased cavity size and wall stress. With dexrazoxane, males (n = 33) demonstrated less deterioration in circumferential strain by 3.4% (95% CI 0.01 to 6.8), and females (n = 29) demonstrated less reduction in SF by 5.7% (95% CI 2.1 to 9.3), and had mitigation of increases in cavity size and wall stress. In interaction analyses, females had greater protection with dexrazoxane with regard to SF (p = 0.019) and cavity size in diastole (p = 0.002) and systole (p ≤ 0.001). These findings largely persisted 1 – 2 years after doxorubicin therapy.ConclusionsEarly, sustained alterations in LV structure and function occur in children with sarcoma after high-dose doxorubicin, with adverse changes and protective effects of dexrazoxane more pronounced in females as compared with males. Dexrazoxane may have sex-specific cardioprotective effects.
Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, antioxidant enzyme activity, and fecal microbial flora in growing pigs fed diets containing Spirulina
Authors: Liu X. , Han Y.S. , Kim I.H. 
Published: June 2019

The present experiment was to evaluate the effects of dietary Spirulina (SP) supplementation in growing pigs. A total of 140 pigs [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc, 25.32 ± 1.36 kg] were randomly distributed to one of four treatments: control, basal diet; treatment 1, basal diet + 0.025% SP; treatment 2, basal diet + 0.050% SP; and treatment 3, basal diet + 0.100% SP. Growing pigs fed 0.050% SP diet had greater (P < 0.05) body weight and fecal Lactobacillus counts compared with pigs fed basal diet. Average daily gain and gain to feed ratio were greater (P < 0.05) in pigs fed 0.050% and 0.100% SP diets as compared with pigs fed basal diet. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity for pigs fed 0.050% SP diet tended to increase compared with pigs fed basal diet (P < 0.10). Pigs fed 0.025%, 0.050%, and 0.100% SP had a higher (P < 0.05) glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity than pigs fed basal diet. In conclusion, SP supplementation improved growth performance and ATTD of DM, increased the SOD and GPx activity, and enhanced the fecal Lactobacillus counts in growing pigs.
Discovery and Validation of a Serologic Autoantibody Panel for Early Diagnosis of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Pan Jianbo , Zheng Qing-Zhu , Li Yadong , Yu Li-Li , Wu Qing-Wei , Zheng Jia-Ying , Pan Xiao-Jie , Xie Bao-Song , Wu Yan-An , Qian Jiang , Zhu Heng , Huang Yi 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background:
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) accounts for the highest incidence rate worldwide and is responsible for the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death. Currently, serologic biomarkers for early ESCC diagnosis are needed for timely treatment.

Methods:
The performance of a four-autoantibody panel (i.e., anti-TP53, HRAS, CTAG1A, and NSG1) was evaluated by ELISA for the early diagnosis of ESCC with 569 retrospective serum samples. A training set comprising 129 patients with early-stage ESCC, 130 patients with esophageal benign lesion (EBL), and 150 healthy controls (HC) was used to develop an early ESCC predictive model. Data obtained from an independent validation set were used to evaluate and validate the predictive model to distinguish the early ESCC from the controls (EBL+HC). Finally, a multiplexed assay based on the Luminex xMAP technology platform was developed to enable simultaneous detection of the four-autoantibody panel using the validation set.

Results:
The four-autoantibody panel significantly discriminated early ESCC cases from the controls with 62.8% sensitivity at 88.9% specificity in the training set and with 58.0% sensitivity at 90.0% specificity in the independent validation set. The results of the multiplexed assay using xMAP technology for early ESCC showed a significant correlation with that of the ELISA assays with 66.0% sensitivity at 90.9% specificity.

Conclusions:
A four-autoantibody panel showed good performance for early ESCC diagnosis with ELISA and could be further developed into a multiplex assay using the Luminex xMAP technology.

Impact:
The four-autoantibody panel could be used for serologic screening for early ESCC.
Nivolumab in Patients with Recurrent or Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: Efficacy and Safety in CheckMate 141 by Prior Cetuximab Use
Authors: Ferris Robert L. , Licitra Lisa , Fayette Jerome , Even Caroline , Blumenschein George , Harrington Kevin J. , Guigay Joel , Vokes Everett E. , Saba Nabil F. , Haddad Robert , Ramkumar Shanmugasundaram , Russell Jeffery , Brossart Peter , Tahara Makoto , Colevas A. Dimitrios , Concha-Benavente Fernando , Lynch Mark , Li Li , Gillison Maura L. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
Cetuximab, which modulates immune responses, may affect the efficacy of subsequent immunotherapy. Here, we assessed outcomes with nivolumab, by prior cetuximab exposure, in patients with recurrent or metastatic (R/M) squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) who had experienced progression within 6 months of platinum-containing chemotherapy.

Patients and Methods:
In the randomized, open-label, phase III CheckMate 141 trial, patients were randomized 2:1 to nivolumab 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks or investigator's choice (IC) of single-agent chemotherapy, with stratification by prior cetuximab exposure. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS); additional endpoints were progression-free survival, objective response rate, and safety.

Results:
In patients with prior cetuximab exposure, the median OS was 7.1 months with nivolumab versus 5.1 months with IC (HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.62–1.15); OS benefit with nivolumab was maintained across most demographic subgroups. In patients without prior cetuximab exposure, the median OS was 8.2 months with nivolumab versus 4.9 months with IC (HR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.35–0.77); OS benefit with nivolumab was maintained across patient baseline subgroups including tumor programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression (&lt;1% or ≥1%). Grade 3–4 treatment-related adverse event rates favored nivolumab versus IC in both subgroups.

Conclusions:
Nivolumab appeared to improve efficacy versus IC regardless of prior cetuximab use, supporting its use in patients with R/M SCCHN with or without prior cetuximab exposure. The reduction in risk of death with nivolumab compared with IC was greater in patients without prior cetuximab exposure versus with prior cetuximab exposure.
A Positive Iris Feedback: Insights from Climate Simulations with Temperature-Sensitive Cloud–Rain Conversion
Authors: Li R. L. , Storelvmo T. , Fedorov A. V. , Choi Y.-S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEstimates for equilibrium climate sensitivity from current climate models continue to exhibit a large spread, from 2.1 to 4.7 K per carbon dioxide doubling. Recent studies have found that the treatment of precipitation efficiency in deep convective clouds—specifically the conversion rate from cloud condensate to rain Cp—may contribute to the large intermodel spread. It is common for convective parameterization in climate models to carry a constant Cp, although its values are model and resolution dependent. In this study, we investigate how introducing a potential iris feedback, the cloud–climate feedback introduced by parameterizing Cp to increase with surface temperature, affects future climate simulations within a slab ocean configuration of the Community Earth System Model. Progressively stronger dependencies of Cp on temperature unexpectedly increase the equilibrium climate sensitivity monotonically from 3.8 to up to 4.6 K. This positive iris feedback puzzle, in which a reduction in cirrus clouds increases surface temperature, is attributed to changes in the opacity of convectively detrained cirrus. Cirrus clouds reduced largely in ice content and marginally in horizontal coverage, and thus the positive shortwave cloud radiative feedback dominates. The sign of the iris feedback is robust across different cloud macrophysics schemes, which control horizontal cloud cover associated with detrained ice. These results suggest a potentially strong but highly uncertain connection among convective precipitation, detrained anvil cirrus, and the high cloud feedback in a climate forced by increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations.
Comparison between a novel tap water wound irrigation device with sterile saline device in an open traumatic wound animal model
Authors: Sloan Brian K , Mohammad Haroon , Abutaleb Nader S , Seleem Mohamed N 
Published: June 2019

Study objective Open traumatic wounds present to US emergency departments at a rate of approximately 12 million per year. Tap water wound irrigation usage has not been adopted by providers thus negating a potential cost saving of approximately US$65,600,000 per year when compared to saline irrigation. A novel tap water wound irrigation device can reduce bacterial counts in rats inoculated with MRSA as effectively as a commonly used sterile saline wound irrigation system. Methods Two groups of six Sprague–Dawley rats were used for this study. Two 3 cm incisions were made into the dorsum of each Sprague–Dawley rat and each incision was inoculated with 100 µl of MRSA. One wound served as the control, the other wound was either irrigated with the sterile saline wound irrigation system or a novel tap water wound irrigation device. The wounds were homogenized, plated, and bacterial colonies were enumerated to determine the final concentration of bacteria in each wound. Results There was no significant statistical difference in the reduction of MRSA in wounds treated with the sterile saline system relative to wounds treated with tap water (one-way ANOVA with post hoc Dunnet's test). Conclusion The novel tap water wound irrigation device is as effective as the sterile saline wound irrigation device at reducing bacterial counts in a rat laceration model when compared to non-irrigated controls. Adopting the use of a convenient, effective, and inexpensive wound irrigation system using tap water could help save the health care system millions of dollars in direct costs, shipping cost, and would not be affected by saline shortages.
Ophthalmic Artery Occlusion From Injection of Heroin Into the Forehead
Authors: Ploysangam Pimpiroon , Koreishi Faruk , Lema Gareth M.C. 
Published: June 2019

Purpose: To report a case of ophthalmic artery occlusion after injection of heroin into the forehead. Methods: Retrospective case report. Results: A 27-year-old patient with a history of intravenous heroin abuse presented with a left ophthalmic artery occlusion after attempting to inject heroin into a vein in her forehead. Exam was significant for diffuse retinal edema, disc edema, disc hemorrhage, and diffuse retinal hemorrhages. Findings were also noted in the widefield image, optical coherence tomography, and optical coherence tomography angiography of the retina. Conclusions: This patient suffered from a severe form of talc retinopathy resulting in an ophthalmic artery occlusion after injecting heroin into her forehead. To our knowledge, this is the first instance of combined ophthalmic artery occlusion and talc retinopathy resulting from intentional injection into a superficial facial vein.