bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of total column CO2 and CH4 measurements in Berlin with WRF-GHG
Authors: Zhao Xinxu , Marshall Julia , Hachinger Stephan , Gerbig Christoph , Frey Matthias , Hase Frank , Chen Jia 
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Though they cover less than 3 % of the global land area, urban areas are responsible for over 70 % of the global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and contain 55 % of the global population. A quantitative tracking of GHG emissions in urban areas is therefore of great importance, with the aim of accurately assessing the amount of emissions and identifying the emission sources. The Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) coupled with GHG modules (WRF-GHG) developed for mesoscale atmospheric GHG transport can predict column-averaged abundances of CO2 and CH4 (XCO2 and XCH4). In this study, we use WRF-GHG to model
the Berlin area at a high spatial resolution of 1 km. The simulated wind and concentration fields were compared with the measurements from a campaign performed around Berlin in 2014 (Hase et al., 2015). The measured and simulated wind fields mostly demonstrate good agreement. The simulated XCO2 shows quite similar trends with the measurement but with approximately 1 ppm bias, while a bias in the simulated XCH4 of around 2.7 % is found. The bias could potentially be the result of relatively high background concentrations, the errors at the tropopause height, etc. We find that an analysis using differential column methodology (DCM) works well for the XCH4 comparison, as corresponding background biases are then canceled out. From the tracer analysis, we find that the enhancement of XCH4 is highly dependent on human activities. The XCO2 enhancement in the vicinity of Berlin is dominated by anthropogenic behavior rather than biogenic activities. We conclude that DCM is an effective method for comparing models to observations independently of biases caused, e.g., by initial conditions. It allows us to use our high-resolution WRF-GHG model to detect and understand major sources of GHG emissions in urban areas.
Evaluation of WRF-DART (ARW v3.9.1.1 and DART Manhattan release) multiphase cloud water path assimilation for short-term solar irradiance forecasting in a tropical environment
Authors: Kurzrock Frederik , Nguyen Hannah , Sauer Jerome , Chane Ming Fabrice , Cros Sylvain , Smith Jr. William L. , Minnis Patrick , Palikonda Rabindra , Jones Thomas A. , Lallemand Caroline , Linguet Laurent , Lajoie Gilles 
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Numerical weather prediction models tend to underestimate cloud presence and therefore often overestimate global horizontal irradiance (GHI). The assimilation of cloud water path (CWP) retrievals from geostationary satellites using an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) led to improved short-term GHI forecasts of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in midlatitudes in case studies. An evaluation of the method under tropical conditions and a quantification of this improvement for study periods of more than a few days are still missing. This paper focuses on the assimilation of CWP retrievals in three phases (ice, supercooled, and liquid) in a 6-hourly cycling procedure and on the impact of this method on short-term forecasts of GHI for Réunion Island, a tropical island in the southwest Indian Ocean. The multilayer gridded cloud properties of NASA Langley's Satellite ClOud and Radiation Property retrieval System (SatCORPS) are assimilated using the EnKF of the Data Assimilation Research Testbed (DART) Manhattan release (revision 12002) and the advanced research WRF (ARW) v3.9.1.1. The ability of the method to improve cloud analyses and GHI forecasts is demonstrated, and a comparison using independent radiosoundings shows a reduction of specific humidity bias in the WRF analyses, especially in the low and middle troposphere. Ground-based GHI observations at 12 sites on Réunion Island are used to quantify the impact of CWP DA. Over a total of 44 d during austral summertime, when averaged over all sites, CWP data assimilation has a positive impact on GHI forecasts for all lead times between 5 and 14 h. Root mean square error and mean absolute error are reduced by 4 % and 3 %, respectively.
Brief communication: A submarine wall protecting the Amundsen Sea intensifies melting of neighboring ice shelves
Authors: Gürses Özgür , Kolatschek Vanessa , Wang Qiang , Rodehacke Christian Bernd 
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Disintegration of ice shelves in the Amundsen Sea, in front of the West
Antarctic Ice Sheet, has the potential to cause sea level rise by inducing
an acceleration of ice discharge from upstream grounded ice. Moore et al. (2018) proposed that using a submarine wall to block the penetration of warm
water into the subsurface cavities of these ice shelves could reduce this
risk. We use a global sea ice–ocean model to show that a wall shielding the
Amundsen Sea below 350 m depth successfully suppresses the inflow of warm
water and reduces ice shelf melting. However, these warm water masses get
redirected towards neighboring ice shelves, which reduces the net
effectiveness of the wall. The ice loss is reduced by 10 %, integrated over
the entire Antarctic continent.
GERENCIAMENTO DA ÁGUA E O IMPACTO NA SAÚDE DA POPULAÇÃO DO BAIRRO SANTA MARGARIDA, DO MUNICÍPIO DE SALGUEIRO, PERNAMBUCO
Authors: Gonçalves e Sá Ádilla Katarinne , De Oliveira Eduardo José Alécio , Da Silva Ronaldo Faustino , Rodrigues Sofia Suely Ferreira Brandão 
Published: September 2019

O presente artigo busca compreender as doenças de veiculação hídrica, no Bairro Santa Margarida, localizado no município de Salgueiro – PE, identificando o tipo de acesso, o armazenamento e a qualidade da água potável. Para isto, foram solicitados da vigilância epidemiológica do município, dados referentes ao quantitativo de casos confirmados das principais doenças, no período de 2015 a 2017 e aplicado um questionário semiestruturado em 66 residências. Os resultados revelaram que a maioria da população possui água encanada nas residências, porém com uma duração média de 3 dias por semana, o que os obriga a armazenar água, muitas vezes em recipientes não adequados e nem sempre tampados e limpos com frequência, contribuindo para a proliferação de doenças. Por considerarem a água que chega às torneiras de boa qualidade, muitos acabam consumindo ou higienizando os alimentos da forma como a mesma lhe é fornecida, colocando em risco a saúde pública local. Dentre as doenças mais comuns, estão diarreia e dengue o que torna necessária a efetivação das campanhas educativas e de políticas públicas que possam garantir à população o direito de acesso total ao saneamento básico adequado.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Saúde pública, armazenamento de água, doenças de veiculação hídrica.
BONE AND ARTICULAR IMPAIRMENT IN TUBERCULOSIS. AN IMPORTANT EXTRAPULMONARY INVOLVEMENT: A REVIEW
Authors: Vieira Teles Filho Ricardo , De Matos Abe Guilherme , Henrique Souza de Azevêdo Lucas , Carrijo Melo Nilo , Fouad Rabahi Marcelo , Tavares Daher Murilo 
Published: September 2019

This is a literature review on the pathogenesis and epidemiology of bone tuberculosis (BTB).Full-text papers from 2001 to 2017 were included. After inclusion criteria were met, 23 papers were selected for analysis. Results show that in most cases of BTB, the spine is the main site involved, regardless of the geographical regions analyzed; hip and knee involvement are also frequent. These three sites are the most prevalent, totaling approximately 70 - 80% of infections. The major forms of involvement are tuberculous spondylitis, tuberculous osteomyelitis, primarily in areas of long-bone growth, as well as cases of chronic disease leading to tuberculous arthritis, mainly in endemic areas. The results also indicated that boneinvolvement is still prevalent, being the fifth cause of extrapulmonary disease involvement in Brazil. This review highlights the role of tuberculosis in public health, especially in economically active groups where BTB is most prevalent.
NASAL COLONIZATION BY GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA IN DENTAL SURGEONS: INTERFACES BETWEEN PREVENTION AND CONTROL MEASURES
Authors: Batista Késia Cristina De Oliveira , Alvarenga Camila Fonseca , Leão-Vasconcelos Lara Stefânia Netto de Oliveira , Ribeiro Evandro Leão , De Paiva Enilza Maria Mendonça , Uchoa-Junior Francisco Antonio , Tipple Anaclara Ferreira Veiga 
Published: September 2019

The work conditions of dental surgeons (DS), associated with low compliance to precautionary standards, often lead to the colonization and dissemination of infectious agents. To assess the epidemiological and microbiological aspects of nasal colonization by Gram-negative bacteria in DS while teaching (dentistry teachers). The data were collected by application of a questionnaire and a nasal swab. The biochemical identification, the susceptibility profile and the detection of β-lactamases were carried out in Vitek 2 compact®. 41 (77.3%) DS participated in the study, nine of them (22.0%) presented nasal colonization by Enterobacteriaceae, the participants were predominantly men (27/65.9%), over 50 years of age (24/58.5%). All ofthem confirmed using procedure gloves and a surgical mask while attending patients, with frequent (95.5%) hand washing although a statistical difference was found regarding personal habits (p=0.03). Enterobacter aerogenes (60.0%) was the most prevalent species, followed by Citrobacter koseri (20.0%). The intrinsic production of AmpC β-lactamase by E. aerogenes species, which is multiresistant to antimicrobials, was present in the nasal cavity of 14.6% of the DS. There were high levels of nasal colonization by Enterobacteriaceae in teaching DS (22.0%), 14.6% had been colonized by multiresistant microorganisms and the results wereassociated with inadequate personal habits.
TONGUE FUNCTION, SALIVARY FLOW RATE AND IgA, IgM AND IgG TOTAL SALIVARY LEVELS IN CHRONIC CHAGASIC PATIENTS
Authors: Cristina Martins Gabrielle , Beghini Marcela , Barbosa Ana Rita Campos , Nogueira Ruchele Dias , Rodrigues Bárbara Rocha , Pereira Thiago Lima , De Faria Juliana Barbosa , Rodrigues Denise Bertulucci Rocha , De Lima Pereira Sanivia Aparecida 
Published: September 2019

Although microscopic alterations have been detected in tongues and salivary glands of chagasic patients and the identification of biomarkers in saliva has proved advantageous, there are no studies evaluating tongue function and total salivary IgA, IgG and IgM levels in chronic chagasic patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate tongue function, salivary flow rate, and total salivary IgA, IgG and IgM levels comparing chronic and non-chronic chagasic individuals. 37 patients were selected: chronic cardiac chagasic patients (n=6), chronic chagasic patients with the associated form of the disease (cardiopathy and megaesophagus) (n=11), and nonchagasic individuals (n=20). The tongue function underwent a phonoaudiological evaluation.The salivary f low rate was measured by sialometry. The total salivary IgA, IgG and IgM levels were evaluated by sandwich ELISA assay. Chagasic patients with the associated form of the disease presented higher salivary flow rate and lower salivary protein levels. No significant differences were noted in the lingual function or in the total salivary immunoglobulin levels among the groups. Although patients with chagasic megaesophagus presented higher levels of salivary flow and lower salivary protein, the fact that there were no significant differencesin lingual function and total salivary immunoglobulin levels among the groups led to the conclusion that chronic chagas disease does not modify the lingual function or the total IgA, IgG and IgM salivary levels. The present study was the first to evaluate the function of the tongue and salivary total immunoglobulin levels in Chagas disease.
An Argument for the Third Voice: Reimagining Eugene O'Neill's Hughie
Authors: Hayes Eric Fraisher 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Productions of Hughie have traditionally regarded O'Neill's late one-act as an actor's play, carried by dialogue and requiring minimal directorial intervention. But the dialogue tells only part of the story; my year working on Hughie at the Eugene O'Neill National Historic Site and at the Eugene O'Neill International Festival of Theatre in New Ross, Ireland, persuaded me that incorporating the stage directions into the play illuminated Hughie's rich inner life. The key choice in bringing this interpretation to life was the construction of a third character out of the stage directions. This character—Hughie's ghost—unlocks dramatic possibilities that justify and give voice to much of the play's richest text and facilitates fresh insights into the two named characters. With the inclusion of previously unspoken text, the play becomes about the struggles of two men and their relationship in a moment of existential crisis.
Justicia social, democracia y educación: la vigencia de viejos legados y desafíos presentes.
Authors: Geneyro Juan Carlos 
Published: September 2019

El texto recupera planteos políticos y pedagógicos de principales autores de la modernidad respecto de las relaciones entre justicia social, democracia y educación, destacando la vigencia que mantienen en nuestra actualidad. Además de considerar a Comenio como un antecedente importante para una educación básica común e igualitaria, en esa perspectiva analiza principios pedagógicos de éste autor para luego abordar legados de Rousseau y Condorcet en dichas interrelaciones; así como el de Comte en cuanto al desarrollo de una religiosidad cívica y luego también algunos aportes de Durkheim en tales interrelaciones. A partir de reconocer la vigencia de estos legados, se plantean algunos nuevos desafíos que afronta la educación en nuestro tiempo respecto de la justicia social, la democracia y la educación.
Caracterización epidemiológica de la infección por Leptospira spp. en caballos de trabajo y en personas ocupacionalmente expuestas en seis unidades de la Policía Nacional de Colombia
Authors: Calderón Juan Camilo , Astudillo Miryam , Romero Marlyn H. 
Published: September 2019

Introducción. Los caballos de trabajo de la Policía Nacional tienen un estrecho contacto con sus manejadores y la población en general durante las actividades recreativas y de patrullaje, lo cual puede favorecer la transmisión de la leptospirosis en los caballos y el personal ocupacionalmente expuesto.Objetivo. Caracterizar epidemiológicamente la leptospirosis mediante pruebas de serología, urocultivo y reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (Polymerase Chain Reaction, PCR) en caballos de trabajo y personal con riesgo ocupacional pertenecientes a seis unidades de la Policía Nacional de Colombia.Materiales y métodos. Se evaluaron 153 caballos machos castrados y 123 personas en las seis unidades en los municipios de Manizales, Pereira, Armenia, Ibagué, Tuluá y Cali. Se utilizaron tres formatos estructurados para recabar información y se obtuvieron muestras sanguíneas de las personas y de los caballos, las cuales se procesaron con la prueba de aglutinación microscópica (Macroscopic Agglutination Test, MAT) para 24 serogrupos. Se practicó el examen clínico de los caballos y se obtuvieron muestras de orina para el urocultivo y la PCR convencional.Resultados. La seroprevalencia de Leptospira spp. fue de 3,25 % (n=4) en las personas y de 85 % (n=130) en los caballos. Entre los caballos, los serogrupos Djasiman y Shermani fueron los más prevalentes. El urocultivo fue positivo en el 64,7 % (99/153) de las muestras, en tanto que los análisis de PCR fueron negativos. Se encontró una asociación estadísticamente significativa de la frecuencia de salida de las instalaciones (p=0,009) y la presencia de fauna silvestre (p=0,051) con la infección por el serogrupo Shermani. Conclusión. Las características epidemiológicas de la leptospirosis en los caballos sugieren una presentación endémica de la infección y su papel como reservorios de la bacteria; sin embargo, debe dilucidarse la patogenia de la enfermedad con estudios complementarios.
Crucial lncRNAs associated with adipocyte differentiation from human adipose-derived stem cells based on co-expression and ceRNA network analyses
Authors: Chen Kana , Xie Shujie , Jin Wujun 
Published: September 2019

Background
Injection of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) is a promising treatment for facial contour deformities. However, its treatment mechanisms remain largely unknown. The study aimed to explain the molecular mechanisms of adipogenic differentiation from ASCs based on the roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs).

Methods
Datasets of mRNA–lncRNA (GSE113253) and miRNA (GSE72429) expression profiling were collected from Gene Expression Omnibus database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs), lncRNAs (DELs) and miRNAs (DEMs) between undifferentiated and adipocyte differentiated human ASCs were identified using the Linear Models for Microarray Data method. DELs related co-expression and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks were constructed. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis was performed to screen crucial target genes.

Results
A total of 748 DEGs, 17 DELs and 51 DEMs were identified. A total of 13 DELs and 279 DEGs with Pearson correlation coefficients > 0.9 and p-value < 0.01 were selected to construct the co-expression network. A total of 151 interaction pairs among 112 nodes (10 DEMs; eight DELs; 94 DEGs) were obtained to construct the ceRNA network. By comparing the lncRNAs and mRNAs in two networks, five lncRNAs (SNHG9, LINC02202, UBAC2-AS1, PTCSC3 and myocardial infarction associated transcript (MIAT)) and 32 genes (i.e., such as phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 (PIK3R1), protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type B (PTPRB)) were found to be shared. PPI analysis demonstrated PIK3R1 , forkhead box O1 (FOXO1; a transcription factor) and estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) were hub genes, which could be regulated by the miRNAs that interacted with the above five lncRNAs, such as LINC02202-miR-136-5p-PIK3R1, LINC02202-miR-381-3p-FOXO1 and MIAT-miR-18a-5p-ESR1. LINC02202 also could directly co-express with PIK3R1. Furthermore, PTPRB was predicted to be modulated by co-expression with LINC01119.

Conclusion
MIAT, LINC02202 and LINC01119 may be potentially important, new lncRNAs associated with adipogenic differentiation of ASCs. They may be involved in adipogenesis by acting as a ceRNA or co-expressing with their targets.
Dendrobium alkaloids decrease Aβ by regulating α- and β-secretases in hippocampal neurons of SD rats
Authors: Huang Juan , Huang Nanqu , Zhang Minghui , Nie Jing , Xu Yunyan , Wu Qin , Shi Jingshan 
Published: September 2019

Background
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the primary cause of dementia in the elderly. The imbalance between production and clearance of amyloid β (Aβ) is a very early, often initiating factor in AD. Dendrobium nobile Lindl. alkaloids (DNLA) extracted from a Chinese medicinal herb, which have been shown to have anti-aging effects, protected against neuronal impairment in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, we confirmed that DNLA can improve learning and memory function in elderly normal mice, indicating that DNLA has potential health benefits. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Therefore, we further explored the effect of DNLA on neurons, which is closely related to learning and memory, based on Aβ.

Methods
We exposed cultured hippocampal neurons to DNLA to investigate the effect of DNLA on Aβ in vitro. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assays. Proteins were analyzed by Western blot analysis.

Results
The cell viability of hippocampal neurons was not changed significantly after treatment with DNLA. But DNLA reduced the protein expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP), disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10), β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and Aβ1–42 of hippocampal neurons in rats and increased the protein expression of ADAM17.

Conclusions
DNLA decreases Aβ by regulating α- and β-secretase in hippocampal neurons of SD rats.
Evaluating Electrical Activity of Tibialis Anterior Muscle and Balance in Hemiparetic Patients Following Central and Peripheral Electrical Stimulation - Protocol for a Randomized, Double-blinded, Clinical Trial
Authors: Fruhauf Aline Marina Alves , Politti Fabiano , Silva Camila Cardoso da , Alves David Correa , Corrêa João Carlos Ferrari , Corrêa Fernanda Ishida 
Published: September 2019

Concomitant transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is suggested to enhance the functional effects of other physical rehabilitation methods in individuals with motor impairment stemming from a chronic cerebrovascular disease. Thus, the primary aim of the proposed study is to analyze the electrical activity of the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle of the paretic limb in stroke survivors following an intervention involving the combination of tDCS over the motor cortex and peripheral electrical stimulation (PES) administered over the paretic TA. The secondary objective is to analyze the effect on dynamic balance.
Methods: Thirty-six adult stroke survivors will be randomized into three groups: 1) Active tDCS + active PES; 2) Sham tDCS + active PES and 3) Active tDCS + sham PES. TDCS active will be positioned bilateral over the primary motor cortex of the damaged hemisphere (C1 or C2) and the cathode will be positioned over the primary motor cortex of the undamaged hemisphere (C1 or C2) with a current of 2 mA for 20 minutes. For sham tDCS, will follow the same standarts, however, the equipment will be switched on for only 20 seconds. PES will be administered to the paretic TA at 50 Hz for 30 minutes. Evaluations: the median frequency and root mean square (RMS) of the paretic TA will be analyzed using electromyography (EMG) and dynamic balance will be evaluated using the Mini-Balance Evaluation System (Mini-BESTest) at baseline (pre-intervention), after 10 treatment sessions at a frequency of five times a week for two weeks (post-intervention) and 30 days after the end of the interventions (follow up).
Discussion: PES has proven to facilitate the conduction of sensory-motor afferences to the cerebral cortex in stroke survivors. Combining PES with tDCS, which has a direct effect on increasing cortical excitability, could favor motor acquisition and neuronal plasticity in this population.
Optional Proposals for Testing New Subcategories of
TNM
Authors: Wittekind Christian , Brierley James D. , Lee Anne , van Eycken Elisabeth 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Proposal to create subdivisions of the existing T, N, and M categories is introduced. Corresponding justifications are elaborated for each, citing clinical relevance and need for further examination to better prognosis. Previous editions and other sources have been used for comparison and basis.
High‐Efficiency Red Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with External Quantum Efficiency Close to 30% Based on a Novel Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitter
Authors: Zhang Yuan‐Lan , Ran Quan , Wang Qiang , Liu Yuan , Hänisch Christian , Reineke Sebastian , Fan Jian , Liao Liang‐Sheng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractResearchers have spared no effort to design new thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters for high‐efficiency organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, efficient long‐wavelength TADF emitters are rarely reported. Herein, a red TADF emitter, TPA–PZCN, is reported, which possesses a high photoluminescence quantum yield (ΦPL) of 97% and a small singlet–triplet splitting (ΔEST) of 0.13 eV. Based on the superior properties of TPA–PZCN, red, deep‐red, and near‐infrared (NIR) OLEDs are fabricated by utilizing different device structure strategies. The red devices obtain a remarkable maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 27.4% and an electroluminescence (EL) peak at 628 nm with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.65, 0.35), which represents the best result with a peak wavelength longer than 600 nm among those of the reported red TADF devices. Furthermore, an exciplex‐forming cohost strategy is adopted. The devices achieve a record EQE of 28.1% and a deep‐red EL peak at 648 nm with the CIE coordinates of (0.66, 0.34). Last, nondoped devices exhibit 5.3% EQE and an NIR EL peak at 680 nm with the CIE coordinates of (0.69, 0.30).