bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associated Risk Factors and Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in a Rural Setting of Cameroon (Penka-Michel)
Authors: Mabeku Laure Brigitte Kouitcheu , Tchakounte Constantin , Flaurant Tchouangueu Thibau , Etoa Francois-Xavier 
Published: March 2019

Background: Vertical transmission is an important route of transmission for hepatitis B virus infection. Despite the introduction of HBV vaccine in the extended immunization program in 2005, Cameroon has remained a hyper-endemic area. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis B Virus among antenatal clinic attenders in Penka-Michel-Cameroon, and to identify potential risk factors associated with the infection for a better prevention of the disease.
Study Design: The study was a case control study conducted in four reference hospitals in Penka-Michel, a rural area in west region of Cameroon during April to July 2014.
Methodology: Six hundred and forty three (643) pregnant women were recruited. The DiaSpot HBsAg in vitro diagnostic test strips were first used. Positive samples were further confirmed for HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBe and anti-HBc using an immunoassay kit. Liver enzymes (ALT, AST and ALP) were also evaluated for HBsAg positive samples using TECO DIAGNOSTICS kit. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on sociodemographic parameters and predisposing risk factors of hepatitis B from each patient. Data collected was analyzed using Graph Pad prism version 5.03.
Results: The prevalence of hepatitis B infection (HBsAg) in our setting was 4.7%. Fifty percent of HBsAg positive women were also HBeAg positive and 46.7% of them lack antibodies against hepatitis B e antigen. All the HBsAg positive women had previous contact with HBV and just 3.3% of them were immunized against HBV. Women in the age groups 31–35 years were significantly more affected (X2 16.95, P = .0045). Only a history of a contact with hepatitis B infection was significantly associated with HBsAg and HBeAg positivity (X2 27.45, P = .0001; X2 25.31, P = .0003).
Conclusion: Administration of HBIG in combination with hepatitis B vaccine as post-exposure prophylaxis for infants born to HBV infected mothers is of paramount importance. In addition, universal HBsAg screening of all pregnant women will greatly assist in reducing the maternal transmission of HBV in Cameroon.
Persistence of Tofacitinib in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Open‐Label, Long‐Term Extension Studies up to 9.5 Years
Authors: Pope Janet E. , Keystone Edward , Jamal Shahin , Wang Lisy , Fallon Lara , Woolcott John , Lazariciu Irina , Chapman Douglass , Haraoui Boulos 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveTofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This post hoc analysis evaluated tofacitinib persistence in patients with RA in long‐term extension (LTE) studies up to 9.5 years.MethodsData were pooled from two LTE studies: ORAL Sequel (NCT00413699) and Study A3921041 (NCT00661661). Patients received tofacitinib 5 or 10 mg twice daily (BID), as monotherapy or with background conventional synthetic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs. Kaplan‐Meier estimates for tofacitinib drug survival and reasons for discontinuation were evaluated. Baseline factors were analyzed as predictors of persistence.ResultsIn 4967 tofacitinib‐treated patients entering LTE studies, mean (maximum) treatment duration was 3.5 (9.4) years. Median drug survival (95% confidence interval) was 4.9 (4.7, 5.1) years. Estimated 2‐ and 5‐year drug survival rates were 75.5% and 49.4%, respectively. Median drug survival was similar between the tofacitinib 5 and 10 mg BID groups, and slightly higher for patients receiving tofacitinib monotherapy versus combination therapy. Overall, 50.7% of patients discontinued tofacitinib; of these, 47.2% were due to adverse events and 7.1% for lack/loss of efficacy. An increased risk of discontinuation was associated with baseline diabetes, hypertension, negative anticyclic citrullinated peptide (anti‐CCP), negative rheumatoid factor (RF), and inadequate response to tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi‐IR).ConclusionMedian drug survival of tofacitinib‐treated patients participating in LTE studies was approximately 5 years and was similar for tofacitinib dosed at 5 and 10 mg BID. Reduced drug survival was associated with negative anti‐CCP/RF status, TNFi‐IR, and certain comorbidities. These data support tofacitinib use for long‐term management of RA.
Injectable Self‐Healing Antibacterial Bioactive Polypeptide‐Based Hybrid Nanosystems for Efficiently Treating Multidrug Resistant Infection, Skin‐Tumor Therapy, and Enhancing Wound Healing
Authors: Zhou Li , Xi Yuewei , Xue Yumeng , Wang Min , Liu Yanle , Guo Yi , Lei Bo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe surgical procedure in skin‐tumor therapy usually results in cutaneous defects, and multidrug‐resistant bacterial infection could cause chronic wounds. Here, for the first time, an injectable self‐healing antibacterial bioactive polypeptide‐based hybrid nanosystem is developed for treating multidrug resistant infection, skin‐tumor therapy, and wound healing. The multifunctional hydrogel is successfully prepared through incorporating monodispersed polydopamine functionalized bioactive glass nanoparticles (BGN@PDA) into an antibacterial F127‐ε‐Poly‐L‐lysine hydrogel. The nanocomposites hydrogel displays excellent self‐healing and injectable ability, as well as robust antibacterial activity, especially against multidrug‐resistant bacteria in vitro and in vivo. The nanocomposites hydrogel also demonstrates outstanding photothermal performance with (near‐infrared laser irradiation) NIR irradiation, which could effectively kill the tumor cell (>90%) and inhibit tumor growth (inhibition rate up to 94%) in a subcutaneous skin‐tumor model. In addition, the nanocomposites hydrogel effectively accelerates wound healing in vivo. These results suggest that the BGN‐based nanocomposite hydrogel is a promising candidate for skin‐tumor therapy, wound healing, and anti‐infection. This work may offer a facile strategy to prepare multifunctional bioactive hydrogels for simultaneous tumor therapy, tissue regeneration, and anti‐infection.
Multipurpose Intraperitoneal Adhesive Patches
Authors: Ryu Ji Hyun , Kim Hye Jin , Kim Kyuri , Yoon GhilSuk , Wang Younseon , Choi Gyu‐Seog , Lee Haeshin , Park Jun Seok 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe intraperitoneal (IP) cavity is the largest fluid‐filled space in the body and contains important organs. Although peritoneal fluid from the abdominal cavity lubricates and allows organ motion, this fluid also effectively prevents polymeric material implantation. Anastomotic leakage after surgery has been reported but few sealing methods have been developed. Herein, a fluid‐resistant adhesive called IP patch is reported that seals intestinal neo‐anastomosis sites, preventing anastomotic leakage after colorectal surgery. The bursting pressure, which is the most important index of the degree of healing after colorectal anastomosis surgery, is measured from an IP patch applied to rats (188.3 ± 14.5 mmHg) and is highly similar to the pressure observed from normal tissue (210.2 ± 22.9 mmHg). Additionally, IP patches can act as unprecedented local drug reservoirs due to the aforementioned tissue adhesive property. Drug‐loaded IP patches successfully treated multiple‐site occurrence of small peritoneal cancerous colonies. The anticancer drug‐loaded IP patches are applied to potential risk regions for recurrent and metastasized cancer in the IP cavity after the resection of peritoneal solid tumors. Thus, the multifunctionality of IP patches can be usefully exploited as an adhesive biomaterial that works effectively in difficult‐to‐treat diseases observed in IP environments.
Piezotronic Graphene Artificial Sensory Synapse
Authors: Chen Youhui , Gao Guoyun , Zhao Jing , Zhang Huai , Yu Jinran , Yang Xixi , Zhang Qian , Zhang Wenliang , Xu Shuya , Sun Jia , Meng Yanfang , Sun Qijun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe human somatosensory system, consisting of receptors, transmitters, and synapses, functions as the medium for external mechanical stimuli perception and sensing signal delivery/processing. Developing sophisticated artificial sensory synapses with a high performance, uncomplicated fabrication process, and low power consumption is still a great challenge. Here, a piezotronic graphene artificial sensory synapse developed by integrating piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) with an ion gel–gated transistor is demonstrated. The piezopotential originating from PENG can efficiently power the synaptic device due to the formation of electrical double layers at the interface of the ion gel/electrode and ion gel/graphene. Meanwhile, the piezopotential coupling is capable of linking the spatiotemporal strain information (strain amplitude and duration) with the postsynaptic current. The synaptic weights can be readily modulated by the strain pulses. Typical properties of a synapse including excitation/inhibition, synaptic plasticity, and paired pulse facilitation are successfully demonstrated. The dynamic modulation of a sensory synapse is also achieved based on dual perceptual presynaptic PENGs coupling to a single postsynaptic transistor. This work provides a new insight into developing piezotronic synaptic devices in neuromorphic computing, which is of great significance in future self‐powered electronic skin with artificial intelligence, a neuromorphic interface for neurorobotics, human–robot interaction, an intelligent piezotronic transistor, etc.
Recent Progress in Power Generation from Water/Liquid Droplet Interaction with Solid Surfaces
Authors: Tang Wei , Chen Bao Dong , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWater covers ≈70% of the Earth's surface and it contains a tremendous amount of energy that remains unexploited. With the advance of nanotechnology, new strategies toward harnessing water energy based on new mechanisms are proposed. Here, the interaction mechanisms between a water droplet and a solid surface for harvesting energy, including water–solid contact electrification in the four basic working modes of a triboelectric nanogenerator and streaming current, are reviewed. Among them, nanogenerators based on the contact electrification show the highest output. Practical applications are also presented, such as sensing application, wearable power generation, all‐weather power generation, and blue energy solutions. At last, perspectives and opportunities for using water/liquid‐based energy are discussed.
Universal Imaging of Full Strain Tensor in 2D Crystals with Third‐Harmonic Generation
Authors: Liang Jing , Wang Jinhuan , Zhang Zhihong , Su Yingze , Guo Yi , Qiao Ruixi , Song Peizhao , Gao Peng , Zhao Yun , Jiao Qingze , Wu Shiwei , Sun Zhipei , Yu Dapeng , Liu Kaihui 
Published: March 2019

AbstractQuantitatively mapping and monitoring the strain distribution in 2D materials is essential for their physical understanding and function engineering. Optical characterization methods are always appealing due to unique noninvasion and high‐throughput advantages. However, all currently available optical spectroscopic techniques have application limitation, e.g., photoluminescence spectroscopy is for direct‐bandgap semiconducting materials, Raman spectroscopy is for ones with Raman‐active and strain‐sensitive phonon modes, and second‐harmonic generation spectroscopy is only for noncentrosymmetric ones. Here, a universal methodology to measure the full strain tensor in any 2D crystalline material by polarization‐dependent third‐harmonic generation is reported. This technique utilizes the third‐order nonlinear optical response being a universal property in 2D crystals and the nonlinear susceptibility has a one‐to‐one correspondence to strain tensor via a photoelastic tensor. The photoelastic tensor of both a noncentrosymmetric D3h WS2 monolayer and a centrosymmetric D3d WS2 bilayer is successfully determined, and the strain tensor distribution in homogenously strained and randomly strained monolayer WS2 is further mapped. In addition, an atlas of photoelastic tensors to monitor the strain distribution in 2D materials belonging to all 32 crystallographic point groups is provided. This universal characterization on strain tensor should facilitate new functionality designs and accelerate device applications in 2D‐materials‐based electronic, optoelectronic, and photovoltaic devices.
Ultrathin Magnetic 2D Single‐Crystal CrSe
Authors: Zhang Yu , Chu Junwei , Yin Lei , Shifa Tofik Ahmed , Cheng Zhongzhou , Cheng Ruiqing , Wang Feng , Wen Yao , Zhan Xueying , Wang Zhenxing , He Jun 
Published: March 2019

Abstract2D magnetic materials have generated an enormous amount of attention due to their unique 2D‐limited magnetism and their potential applications in spintronic devices. Recently, most of this research has focused on 2D van der Waals layered magnetic materials exfoliated from the bulk with random size and thicknesses. Controllable growth of these materials is still a great challenge. In contrast, 2D nonlayered magnetic materials have rarely been investigated, not especially regarding their preparation. CrnX (X = S, Se and Te; 0 < n < 1), a class of nonlayered transition metal dichalcogenides, has rapidly attracted extensive attention due to its abundance of structural compounds and unique magnetic properties. Herein, the controlled synthesis of ultrathin CrSe crystals, with grain size reaching the sub‐millimeter scale, on mica substrates via an ambient pressure chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method is demonstrated. A continuous CrSe film can also be achieved via precise control of the key growth parameters. Importantly, the CVD‐grown 2D CrSe crystals possess obvious ferromagnetic properties at temperatures below 280 K, which has not been observed experimentally before. This work broadens the scope of the CVD growth of 2D magnetic materials and highlights their significant application possibilities in spintronics.
Metal and Nonmetal Codoped 3D Nanoporous Graphene for Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalysis and Rechargeable Zn–Air Batteries
Authors: Qiu Hua‐Jun , Du Peng , Hu Kailong , Gao Jiaojiao , Li Huanglong , Liu Pan , Ina Toshiaki , Ohara Koji , Ito Yoshikazu , Chen Mingwei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDeveloping bifunctional electrocatalysts with high activities and long durability for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is crucial toward the practical implementation of rechargeable metal–air batteries. Here, a 3D nanoporous graphene (np‐graphene) doped with both N and Ni single atoms/clusters is reported. The predoping of N by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) dramatically increases the Ni doping amount and stability. The resulting N and Ni codoped np‐graphene has excellent electrocatalytic activities for both the ORR and the OER in alkaline aqueous solutions. The synergetic effects of N and Ni dopants are revealed by density functional theory calculations. The free‐standing Ni,N codoped 3D np‐graphene shows great potential as an economical catalyst/electrode for metal–air batteries.
Vertical Organic Thin‐Film Transistors with an Anodized Permeable Base for Very Low Leakage Current
Authors: Dollinger Felix , Lim Kyung‐Geun , Li Yang , Guo Erjuan , Formánek Peter , Hübner René , Fischer Axel , Kleemann Hans , Leo Karl 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe organic permeable base transistor (OPBT) is currently the fastest organic transistor with a transition frequency of 40 MHz. It relies on a thin aluminum base electrode to control the transistor current. This electrode is surrounded by a native oxide layer for passivation, currently created by oxidation in air. However, this process is not reliable and leads to large performance variations between samples, slow production, and relatively high leakage currents. Here, for the first time it is demonstrated that electrochemical anodization can be conveniently employed for the fabrication of high‐performance OPBTs with vastly reduced leakage currents and more controlled process parameters. Very large transmission factors of 99.9996% are achieved, while excellent on/off ratios of 5 × 105 and high on‐currents greater than 300 mA cm−2 show that the C60 semiconductor layer can withstand the electrochemical anodization. These results make anodization an intriguing option for innovative organic transistor design.
A Potential Amphiprotic Sponge with a Controlled Release Characteristic of Protons on Demand for Oil/Water Separation and Acid/Base Neutralization
Authors: Kaang Byung Kwon , Lee Yo Seph , Han Nara , Choi Won San 
Published: March 2019

AbstractUltralight sponges with the ability to release protons on demand, namely, superhydrophobic melamine formaldehyde sponges (SHpho‐MFSs), which are characterized as being safe‐to‐handle, convenient‐to‐use, easy‐to‐store, easy‐to‐carry, and easy‐to‐collect, are switched from superhydrophilic MFSs (SHphi‐MFSs) by a one‐step ultrasound treatment at a low pH. The wettability of the SHphi‐MFS is completely switched from the outside to the inside of the MFS. After wettability switching is achieved, the SHpho‐MFS that is prewetted with water and oil is able to selectively separate both water and oil, respectively. A compressed SHpho‐MFS also exhibits excellent separation performance of a water‐in‐oil emulsion. Furthermore, since the SHpho‐MFS can linearly release protons in an aqueous solution, during the oil/water separation (water‐removing), an aqueous solution of a strong base is neutralized or changed into a certain solution with a tailored pH by a simple filtration step using an appropriately sized SHpho‐MFS. The SHpho‐MFS can maintain a slow reaction rate and reduce the sudden release of heat during neutralization. Controlled release of the SHpho‐MFS capable of the ordered production of protons on demand is also achieved because the release “on and off” behavior of protons is repeatedly observed for every cycle.
Synthesis of Polycyclic Quinolines by Means of Brønsted Acid Mediated Reaction of β‐(2‐Aminophenyl)‐α,β‐Ynones with Ketones
Authors: Marsicano Vincenzo , Chiarini Marco , Marinelli Fabio , Arcadi Antonio 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSequential Brønsted acid promoted amination/annulation/aromatization of β‐(2‐aminophenyl)‐α,β‐ynones with cyclic α‐methylene carbonyl compounds has been developed for the synthesis of polycyclic quinolines in good to high yields in ethanol. The protocol achieves the selective formation of the target quinolines and is expected to find practical applications due to its operational simplicity.magnified image
Reactive Oxygen Species‐Responsive Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Rajkovic Olivera , Gourmel Charlotte , d'Arcy Richard , Wong Raymond , Rajkovic Ivana , Tirelli Nicola , Pinteaux Emmanuel 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIschemic stroke is a leading cause of death and long‐term disability worldwide, yet availability of current treatments is limited. The downstream events resulting from cerebral ischemia lead to an imbalance in the production of harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) over endogenous antioxidant mechanisms. Thus, treatments that can reduce this imbalance can limit the extent of injury resulting from ischemic stroke. In this work, the potential of novel ROS‐scavenging PEGylated polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) composed of poly(propylene sulfide) (PPS) (PPS‐NPs) for ischemic stroke therapy is evaluated in vitro and in a mouse model of stroke. In vitro results show that PPS‐NPs display remarkable anti‐oxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties, whilst exhibiting negligible cytotoxicity. NPs administered intravenously rapidly accumulate in ischemic brain regions as visualized through fluorescence imaging, reduced infarct volume, blood‐brain barrier damage, neuronal loss, and neuroinflammation as determined by immunohistochemistry, and improved recovery of neurological function as determined through behavioral analyses. Crucially, the data show that the therapeutic time window for administration of PPS‐NPs extends up to 3 h, a clinically relevant time window for stroke. The findings provide new strong evidence that these NPs may be an effective antioxidant therapy for ischemic stroke.
A Stable Layered Oxide Cathode Material for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Xiao Yao , Zhu Yan‐Fang , Yao Hu‐Rong , Wang Peng‐Fei , Zhang Xu‐Dong , Li Hongliang , Yang Xinan , Gu Lin , Li Yong‐Chun , Wang Tao , Yin Ya‐Xia , Guo Xiao‐Dong , Zhong Ben‐He , Guo Yu‐Guo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAs one of the most promising cathode candidates for room‐temperature sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), P2‐type layered oxides face the challenge of simultaneously realizing high‐rate performance while achieving long cycle life. Here, a stable Na2/3Ni1/6Mn2/3Cu1/9Mg1/18O2 cathode material is proposed that consists of multiple‐layer oriented stacking nanoflakes, in which the nickel sites are partially substituted by copper and magnesium, a characteristic of the material that is confirmed by multiscale scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy techniques. Owing to the optimal morphology structure modulation and chemical element substitution strategy, the electrode displays remarkable rate performance (73% capacity retention at 30C compared to 0.5C) and outstanding cycling stability in Na half‐cell system couple with unprecedented full battery performance. The underlying thermal stability, phase stability, and Na+ storage mechanisms are clearly elucidated through the systematical characterizations of electrochemical behaviors, in situ X‐ray diffraction at different temperatures, and operando X‐ray diffraction upon Na+ deintercalation/intercalation. Surprisingly, a quasi‐solid‐solution reaction is switched to an absolute solid‐solution reaction and a capacitive Na+ storage mechanism is demonstrated via quantitative electrochemical kinetics calculation during charge/discharge process. Such a simple and effective strategy might reveal a new avenue into the rational design of excellent rate capability and long cycle stability cathode materials for practical SIBs.
Curvature dependence of Henry's law constant and nonideality of gas equilibrium for curved vapor–liquid interfaces
Authors: Wang Xian , Guo Zhenjiang , Liu Zhiping , Zhang Xianren 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCurved interfaces between coexisting vapor and liquid phases are ubiquitous in nature, and the question of whether the Henry's law is applicable for highly curved vapor/liquid interfaces remains unsolved. Using stable surface nanobubbles that have highly curved interfaces as examples, we investigate the viability of Henry's law with molecular simulations and thermodynamic analysis. We show that the prediction of Henry's law displays an increasingly deviation from the simulation results as nanobubble curvature increases. Such a curvature dependence of Henry's law constant is ascribed to the nonideality of gas in liquid phase because of the required gas supersaturation for stabilizing nanobubbles. Based on the effect, we develop a relationship for determining Henry's law constant from the level of gas supersaturation, as well as a robust relationship between gas supersaturation and nanobubble radius.