bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revision of the world species of the genus Fusicornia Risbec (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae, Scelioninae)
Authors: CHARUWAT TAEKUL , NORMAN JOHNSON F. , LUBOMÍR MASNER , RAJMOHANA K. , CHEN SHU-PEI 
Published: June 2019

The genus Fusicornia Risbec (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae, Scelioninae) is a widespread group in the tropics of the Eastern Hemisphere, distributed from West Africa to Vanuatu. All scelionines are egg parasitoids of arthropods, but the host of Fusicornia is not yet known. The species concepts are revised and a key to world species is presented. The genus is comprised of 19 species, including five known species which are redescribed: F. bambeyi Risbec (sub-Saharan Africa, Madagascar, Yemen); F. indica Mani & Sharma (Australia, India, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand); F. koreica Choi & Kozlov (China, Japan, Korea, Philippines); F. spinosa (Risbec) (sub-Saharan Africa, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen); and F. tehrii Mukerjee (Brunei, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand). Fusicornia noonae Buhl is considered to be a junior synonym of F. tehrii Mukerjee, n. syn., and F. bambeyi var. inermis Risbec is considered to be a junior synonym of F. spinosa (Risbec), n. syn. The following species are hypothesized and described as new taxa: F. ardis Taekul & Johnson, n. sp. (West Africa, Kenya, Tanzania); F. aulacis Taekul & Johnson, n. sp. (Madagascar); F. collaris Taekul & Johnson, n. sp. (New Guinea); F. crista Taekul & Johnson, n. sp. (Somalia, Tanzania); F. dissita Taekul & Johnson, n. sp. (Vanuatu); F. eos Taekul & Johnson, n. sp. (West Africa, Tanzania, Yemen); F. episcopus Taekul & Johnson, n. sp. (Thailand); F. fax Taekul & Johnson, n. sp. (Papua New Guinea); F. fortuna Taekul & Johnson, n. sp. (Madagascar, Yemen); F. paradisa Taekul & Johnson, n. sp. (sub-Saharan Africa, Madagascar); F. plicata Taekul & Johnson, n. sp. (Sri Lanka); F. skopelos Taekul & Johnson, n. sp. (Madagascar); F. sabrina Taekul & Johnson, n. sp. (Somalia) and F. speculum Taekul & Johnson, n. sp. (Central African Republic, Madagascar, Nigeria, Uganda).
Three new species of the Harnischia complex from the Sino-Indian Region,with a review of Demicryptochironomus Lenz (Diptera: Chironomidae)
Authors: YAN CHUNCAI , SÆTHER OLE A. , JIN ZHAOHUI , WANG XINHUA 
Published: June 2019

Three new species, Demicryptochironomus (Irmakia) retusus, Microchironomus brochus, and Parachironomus lobus are described and figured as males. Demicryptochironomus (Demicryptochironomus) asamaprimus Sasa et Hirabayashi, D. (D.) chuzequartus Sasa, D. (D.) ginzancedeus Sasa et Suzuki, D. (D.) uresicarinus Sasa, and Demicryptochironomus clarilatus (Guha et Chaudhuri) are re-examined based on type material. Cryptotendipes inawabeceus Sasa, Kitami et Suzuki, C. tamacutus Sasa and Parachironomus harunasecundus Sasa are transferred to Demicryptochironomus as new combinations. Parachironomus inageheus Sasa, Kitami et Suzuki is placed as a junior synonym of Demicryptochironomus ginzancedeus Sasa et Suzuki. The relationships of some genera within the Harnischia complex are discussed. A key to the males of Demicryptochironomus is presented.
Arrowcryptus, a new genus of Xenoscelinae of Erotylidae from Africa
Authors: LESCHEN RICHARD A. B. , WEGRZYNOWICZ PIOTR 
Published: June 2019

Arrowcryptus n. gen. is described for Thallis jucunda Arrow, 1936 and Arrowcryptus skelleyi, n. sp. The genus is unique among erotylids by having a dilated ovipositor with a sclerotised, hook-like gonostyle with basal setae. Arrowcryptus is placed in the subfamily Xenoscelinae based on the dicondylic meso-metaventral articulation, basal pronotal pits absent, partial externally-closed procoxal cavities, tarsomeres not strongly lobed below, and submesocoxal lines absent. Absence of stridulatory files, presence of prosternal, mesoventral, and abdominal glandular ducts, presence of submetacoxal lines, will distinguish Arrowcryptus from all members of Xenoscelinae.
Oriented Ice Crystals: A Single-Scattering Property Database for Applications to Lidar and Optical Phenomenon Simulations
Authors: Saito Masanori , Yang Ping 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
A database (TAMUoic2019) of the scattering, absorption, and polarization properties of horizontally oriented hexagonal plates (HOPs) and horizontally oriented hexagonal columns (HOCs) at three wavelengths (355, 532, and 1064 nm) is developed for applications to radiative transfer simulations and remote sensing implementations involving oriented ice crystals. The maximum dimension of oriented ice crystals ranges from 50 to 10 000 μm in 165 discrete size bins. The database accounts for 94 incident directions. The single-scattering properties of oriented ice crystals are computed with the physical-geometric optics method (PGOM), which is consistent with the invariant-imbedding T-matrix method for particles with size parameters larger than approximately 100–150. Note that the accuracy of PGOM increases as the size parameter increases. PGOM computes the two-dimensional phase matrix as a function of scattering polar and azimuth angles, and the phase matrix significantly varies with the incident direction. To derive the bulk optical properties of ice clouds for practical radiative transfer applications, the optical properties of individual HOPs and HOCs are averaged over the probability distribution of the tilting angle of oriented ice crystals based on the use of the TAMUoic2019 database. Simulations of lidar signals associated with ice clouds based on the bulk optical properties indicate the importance of the fraction of oriented ice crystals and the probability distribution of the tilting angle. Simulations of optical phenomena caused by oriented ice crystals demonstrate that the computed single-scattering properties of oriented ice crystals are physically rational.
On the Sensitivity of Convectively Coupled Equatorial Waves to the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation
Authors: Abhik S. , Hendon Harry H. , Wheeler Matthew C. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The seasonal-mean variance of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) in austral summer has recently been shown to be significantly (p &lt; 5%) enhanced during easterly phases of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO). The impact is large, with the mean MJO variance increasing by ~50% compared to the QBO westerly phase. In contrast, we show using observed outgoing longwave radiation that seasonal variations for convectively coupled equatorial Kelvin, Rossby, and mixed Rossby–gravity waves are insensitive to the QBO. This insensitivity extends to all high-frequency (2–30-day period) and the non-MJO component of the intraseasonal (30–120-day period) convective variance. However, convectively coupled Kelvin wave variability shows a modest increase (~13%) that is marginally significant (p = 10%) during easterly phases of the QBO in austral autumn, when Kelvin wave activity is seasonally strongest along the equator. The mechanism of impact on the Kelvin wave appears to be similar to what has previously been argued for the MJO during austral summer. However, the more tilted and shallower vertical structure of the Kelvin waves suggests that they cannot tap into the extra destabilization at the tropopause provided by the easterly phase of the QBO as effectively as the MJO. Lack of impact on the convectively coupled Rossby and mixed Rossby–gravity waves is argued to stem from their horizontal structure that results in weaker divergent anomalies along the equator, where the QBO impact is greatest. Our results further emphasize that the MJO in austral summer is uniquely affected by the QBO.
Using Sounder Data to Improve Cirrus Cloud Height Estimation from Satellite Imagers
Authors: Heidinger Andrew K. , Bearson Nicholas , Foster Michael J. , Li Yue , Wanzong Steve , Ackerman Steven , Holz Robert E. , Platnick Steven , Meyer Kerry 
Published: June 2019

AbstractModern polar-orbiting meteorological satellites provide both imaging and sounding observations simultaneously. Most imagers, however, do not have H2O and CO2 absorption bands and therefore struggle to accurately estimate the height of optically thin cirrus clouds. Sounders provide these needed observations, but at a spatial resolution that is too coarse to resolve many important cloud structures. This paper presents a technique to merge sounder and imager observations with the goal of maintaining the details offered by the imager’s high spatial resolution and the accuracy offered by the sounder’s spectral information. The technique involves deriving cloud temperatures from the sounder observations, interpolating the sounder temperatures to the imager pixels, and using the sounder temperatures as an additional constraint in the imager cloud height optimal estimation approach. This technique is demonstrated using collocated VIIRS and Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) observations with the impact of the sounder observations validated using coincident CALIPSO/CALIOP cloud heights These comparisons show significant improvement in the cloud heights for optically thin cirrus. The technique should be generally applicable to other imager/sounder pairs.
A Novel Framework for Evaluating and Improving Parameterized Subtropical Marine Boundary Layer Cloudiness
Authors: Smalley Mark , Sušelj Kay , Lebsock Matthew , Teixeira Joao 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA single-column model (SCM) is used to simulate a variety of environmental conditions between Los Angeles, California, and Hawaii in order to identify physical elements of parameterizations that are required to reproduce the observed behavior of marine boundary layer (MBL) cloudiness. The SCM is composed of the JPL eddy-diffusivity/mass-flux (EDMF) mixing formulation and the RRTMG radiation model. Model forcings are provided by the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA2). Simulated low cloud cover (LCC), rain rate, albedo, and liquid water path are compared to collocated pixel-level observations from A-Train satellites. This framework ensures that the JPL EDMF is able to simulate a continuum of real-world conditions. First, the JPL EDMF is shown to reproduce the observed mean LCC as a function of lower-tropospheric stability. Joint probability distributions of lower-tropospheric cloud fraction, height, and lower-tropospheric stability (LTS) show that the JPL EDMF improves upon its MERRA2 input but struggles to match the frequency of observed intermediate-range LCC. We then illustrate the physical roles of plume lateral entrainment and eddy-diffusivity mixing length in producing a realistic behavior of LCC as a function of LTS. In low-LTS conditions, LCC is mostly sensitive to the ability of convection to mix moist air out of the MBL. In high-LTS conditions, LCC is also sensitive to the turbulent mixing of free-tropospheric air into the MBL. In the intermediate LTS regime typical of stratocumulus–cumulus transition there is proportional sensitivity to both mixing mechanisms, emphasizing the utility of a combined eddy-diffusivity/mass-flux approach for representing mixing processes.
Patient Outreaches for Clinical Pharmacy Services: A Population Health Management Program Assessment
Authors: Bhat Shubha , Kroehl Miranda , Maniga Brian , Navarro Alina , Thompson Angela M. , Lam H. Mindy , Trinkley Katy E. 
Published: June 2019

Background: Pharmacists in ambulatory care can utilize population health approaches to identify patients needing disease management and improve outcomes. However, population health is only effective when identified patients are successfully outreached and show to appointments. Objective: Describe a population health approach utilized by pharmacists in primary care, report outcomes of outreach attempts and scheduled appointments, and determine whether patient and referral characteristics predict no-show appointments. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of patients referred for pharmacist management of hypertension or chronic pain through population health between 2013-2016. Outreach attempt and appointments outcomes were collected. Patient and referral characteristics were analyzed to determine whether predictive of no-show appointments using logistic regression. Results: Of 450 outreach attempts, 250 (56%) patients were not reached, 164 (36%) scheduled appointments, and 36 (8%) were reached but declined an appointment. Of 164 patients with appointments, 71 (43%) no-showed. Patients with higher systolic blood pressure were more likely to no-show (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00-1.04). Other characteristics were not predictive of no-show appointments. Conclusion: Successful outreach and showed appointments are essential components of successful population health programs. Using multiple outreach modalities and further identifying factors predictive of no-show appointments to refine the current approach may lead to increased efficiency.
Salmonella and Shigella Among Asymptomatic Street Food Vendors in the Dire Dawa city, Eastern Ethiopia: Prevalence, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern, and Associated Factors
Authors: Tadesse Gizaw , Mitiku Habtamu , Teklemariam Zelalem , Marami Dadi 
Published: June 2019

Background: Salmonella and Shigella infections are a common public health problem throughout the world. The risk of getting infections is high, where asymptomatic street food vendors are preparing foods and vending. Current knowledge of antimicrobial susceptibility pattern is essential for appropriate treatment and management of these infections. Objective: This study was aimed to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, and associated factors of Salmonella and Shigella among asymptomatic street food vendors in the Dire Dawa city, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 218 randomly selected asymptomatic street food vendors in the Dire Dawa city, Eastern Ethiopia from May to July 2017. Data on the sociodemographic and associated factors were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire. The stool specimens collected were examined for Salmonella and Shigella using recommended culture methods. The antimicrobial susceptibility test was done using the disk diffusion technique. Data were described using descriptive statistical tools. Logistic regression models were used to identify the factors associated with Salmonella and Shigella infections. A P-value ⩽ .05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The overall prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella was 8.7% (95% confidence interval: 5.6, 10.3). The most common isolates were Salmonella (6%). Most of the isolates were resistant to amoxicillin (97.7%), ampicillin (89.5%), and tetracycline (68.4%). Almost half (47.4%) of Salmonella isolates were multidrug resistant. Food vendors who did not wash hands with soap after the use of the toilet (adjusted odds ratio: 3.3, 95% confidence interval: 1.2, 7.9), and who had untrimmed fingernails (adjusted odds ratio: 4.4, 95% confidence interval: 1.5, 9.3) had higher odds of Salmonella and Shigella compared with their counterparts. Conclusions: The carrier rate of Salmonella and Shigella was relatively low. Most isolates have developed resistance to amoxicillin, ampicillin, and tetracycline. The odds of Salmonella and Shigella was high among those who lack a habit of hand washing with soap after the use of the toilet and with untrimmed fingernails. Regular screening and appropriate hygienic control measures are needed in place to reduce the risk of infections.
Suture-bridge technique for tibial avulsion fractures of the posterior cruciate ligament - a biomechanical comparison
Authors: Willinger Lukas , Lacheta Lucca , von Deimmling Constantin , Lang Jan , Imhoff Andreas , Forkel Philipp 
Published: June 2019

Aims and Objectives: Tibial posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fractures require surgical fixation in order to provide primary stability and adequate bone healing. Small fragments are common and comprise the risk to fracturing during screw fixation. Therefore, a suture-bridge configuration was developed to fixate small and multifragment fractures without the need of fragment drilling. The purpose of this study was to analyze the biomechanical properties of the suture-bridge technique compared to a well-established transtibial cortical suspension technique concerning cyclic elongation, stiffness and ultimate failure load. It was hypothesized that the suture bridge technique shows lower cyclic elongation and higher load to failure force compared to a cortical suspension button fixation. Materials and Methods: Nine fresh-frozen human cadaveric knees were biomechanically tested using an industrial testing machine (Zwick/Roell Amsler HC 10, Ulm). A standardized bony avulsion fracture (15 x 10 x 4 mm) of the tibial PCL insertion was generated. Two different techniques were used for fixation: A) 4x suture-bridge configuration (3 SwiveLock anchors, FiberTape, Arthrex Inc.) and B) 5x transtibial cortical suspension button fixation (FiberTape, Arthrex Inc). Cyclic loading was applied in 90° of flexion 500 times (10 to 100 N) to determine elongation, initial stiffness and load to failure. Students t-test for unpaired samples were used to calculate the difference of means (SPSS statistics software version 21). Statistical significance was set at a p value of < 0.05. Results: Suture-bridge technique resulted in a significant lower elongation (4.5 ± 2.9 mm) than transtibial cortical suspension button technique (11.9 ± 3.1 mm, p<0.01). Load of failure testing exhibited 319.8 ± 79.7 N in Group A and 232.6 ± 108.2 N in Group B (p=0.21). The initial stiffness at the beginning of cyclic loading was 45.0 ± 7.7 N/mm in Group A und 40.9 ± 10.0 N/mm in Group B (p=0.52). Conclusion: The novel PCL suture-bridge technique provides a significant lower construct elongation during cyclic loading and a trend towards higher load to failure in comparison to cortical suspension button fixation. As a clinical consequence, suture-bridge technique should be considered to fix small PCL avulsion fractures at the tibial insertion site.
Prospective validation of an indication algorithm for UKA
Authors: Savov Peter , Richter Timna , Calliess Tilman , Windhagen Henning , Karkosch Roman , Ettinger Max 
Published: June 2019

Aims and Objectives: Patients with isolated medial gonarthrosis benefit from a treatment with a unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) compared to a total knee arthroplasty (TKA). They have a shorter rehabilitation time, better function, lower morbidity and a higher satisfaction rate. However, the revision rate is higher than in patients with TKA. Patient selection and the resulting incorrect indication may be one reason. Hamilton et al.’s research group prepared a radiological “decision aid” for the indication of a UKA. The aim of this study was to validate this uncomplicated diagnostic procedure based on intraoperative findings. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, 85 patients received routinely conventional x-rays. Strictly lateral and anterior-posterior view as well as varus/valgus stress x-rays were taken. Using Hamilton et al.’s “desiscion aid”, the x-ray images were preoperatively evaluated with regard to medial and lateral cartilage damage and the function of the anterior cruciate ligament. The cartilage damage of the individual tibial and femoral compartments was also scaled and documented intraoperatively. The results of the decision aid were validated with regard to the intraoperative findings. Indication-justifying cartilage damage was defined as focal complete cartilage loss. The sensitivity (SEN) and specificity (SPE) of decision aid with regard to cartilage damage in the medial and lateral compartments and the functionality of the anterior cruciate ligament were determined. Results: In the area of the medial compartment, decision aid has a SEN and PES of 79.4% and 82.4% respectively. The SEN and SPE for lateral compartments are 98.5% and 55.0%, respectively. Intact ACLs are correctly diagnosed at 94.7%. Insufficient ACLs at 33.3%. Conclusion: These data suggest that according to our findings, only about 2 out of 10 patients are not reliably diagnosed with medial gonarthrosis. However, about 2 out of 10 patients are diagnosed with medial gonarthrosis, which does not yet have to be treated with UKA. Furthermore, it could be shown that almost all patients with a completely laterally preserved cartilage are also recognized as such. However, every second patient with relevant cartilage damage is not radiologically identified. These data refer only to the radiological findings. Coupled with the patient’s medical history and clinic, the “Desicion Aid” is a very good aid for the correct indication for a UKA.
The Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Islet Function, Insulin Secretion, and Glucose Control
Authors: Douros Jonathan D , Tong Jenny , D’Alessio David A 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAlthough bariatric surgery was developed primarily to treat morbid obesity, evidence from the earliest clinical observations to the most recent clinical trials consistently demonstrates that these procedures have substantial effects on glucose metabolism. A large base of research indicates that bariatric surgeries such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG), and biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) improve diabetes in most patients, with effects frequently evident prior to substantial weight reduction. There is now unequivocal evidence from randomized controlled trials that the efficacy of surgery is superior to intensive life-style/medical management. Despite advances in the clinical understanding and application of bariatric surgery, there remains only limited knowledge of the mechanisms by which these procedures confer such large changes to metabolic physiology. The improvement of insulin sensitivity that occurs with weight loss (e.g., the result of diet, illness, physical training) also accompanies bariatric surgery. However, there is evidence to support specific effects of surgery on insulin clearance, hepatic glucose production, and islet function. Understanding the mechanisms by which surgery affects these parameters of glucose regulation has the potential to identify new targets for therapeutic discovery. Studies to distinguish among bariatric surgeries on key parameters of glucose metabolism are limited but would be of considerable value to assist clinicians in selecting specific procedures and investigators in delineating the resulting physiology. This review is based on literature related to factors governing glucose metabolism and insulin secretion after the commonly used RYGB and VSG, and the less frequently used BPD and adjustable gastric banding.
A cascade of care for people with epilepsy: learning from “HIV/AIDS 90-90-90”
Authors: Mateen Farrah 
Published: June 2019

Epilepsy is now more prevalent in many countries than HIV/AIDS. Building upon the successes of global policymaking for HIV/AIDS and creating a framework for countries and organizations to monitor progress in epilepsy care will help direct and justify much-needed novel programming. Given the clarity of the HIV/AIDS care continuum model and the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets, I propose this same approach to the cascade of care could be used as a viable framework for people with epilepsy. In this model, the targets of success include (1) ensuring 90% of all people with epilepsy are aware of their diagnosis as a brain disorder, (2) starting 90% of people with epilepsy on quality controlled, appropriately chosen and well stocked antiepileptic drugs, and (3) achieving seizure freedom in 70% of those treated. At least 90% of all people with epilepsy must also be linked to and retained in appropriate care. Although the precise numbers may be debated, this cascade of care approach will assist in deconstructing the barriers to epilepsy care in populations better than the more familiar concept of the epilepsy treatment gap. These reflect concrete goals for health systems of epilepsy care that, if achieved, could lead to seizure freedom for the many people in lower income countries living with poorly controlled epilepsy.