bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of inhaled nitric oxide therapy in patients with cardiogenic shock treated with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation combined with Impella: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yamada Nobuhiro , Ueno Masafumi , Onishi Kyohei , Sugimoto Keishiro , Kakehi Kazuyoshi , Fujita Kosuke , Matsumura Koichiro , Nakazawa Gaku 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
The mortality rate of patients with cardiogenic shock (CS) requiring veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) combined with Impella (ECPELLA) support remains high. Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) improves right ventricular (RV) function, resulting in increased Impella flow, which may facilitate early withdrawal of VA-ECMO and improve survival. This study investigated the prognostic impact of iNO therapy in ECPELLA patients.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the data of consecutive patients with CS supported by ECPELLA from September 2019 to March 2024 at our hospital. Changes in pulmonary artery pulsatility index (PAPi) and Impella flow over time were evaluated, and VA-ECMO withdrawal rate, time to withdrawal, and 30-day survival were compared between ECPELLA patients with and without iNO therapy.

Results
Of the 48 ECPELLA patients, 25 were treated with iNO. There were no significant differences between the groups in baseline characteristics or lactate levels at mechanical circulatory support induction. Patients with iNO therapy demonstrated significant improvements in the PAPi over time and a trend toward increased Impella flow, as well as a significantly higher VA-ECMO withdrawal rate (88% vs. 48%, P = 0.002) and a shorter time to VA-ECMO withdrawal (5 [3–6] days vs. 7 [6–13] days, P = 0.0008) than those without iNO therapy. Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated that the 30-day survival rate was significantly higher in patients with iNO than in those without (76% vs. 26%, P = 0.0002).

Conclusions
iNO therapy in patients with CS requiring ECPELLA was associated with short-term prognosis by improving RV function and facilitating weaning from VA-ECMO.
Trial registration Retrospectively registered in UMIN-CTR (Reference No. R00006352).
Why explainable AI may not be enough: predictions and mispredictions in decision making in education
Authors: Saqr Mohammed , López-Pernas Sonsoles 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn learning analytics and in education at large, AI explanations are always computed from aggregate data of all the students to offer the “average” picture. Whereas the average may work for most students, it does not reflect or capture the individual differences or the variability among students. Therefore, instance-level predictions—where explanations for each particular student are presented according to their own data—may help understand how and why predictions were estimated and how a student or teacher may act or make decisions. This study aims to examine the utility of individualized instance-level AI, its value in informing decision-making, and—more importantly—how they can be used to offer personalized feedback. Furthermore, the study examines mispredictions, their explanations and how they offer explanations or affect decision making. Using data from a full course with 126 students, five ML algorithms were implemented with explanatory mechanisms, compared and the best performing algorithm (Random Forest) was therefore selected. The results show that AI explanations, while useful, cannot achieve their full potential without a nuanced human involvement (i.e., hybrid human AI collaboration). Instance-level explainability may allow us to understand individual algorithmic decisions but may not very helpful for personalization or individualized support. In case of mispredictions, the explanations show that algorithms decide based on the “wrong predictors” which underscores the fact that a full data-driven approach cannot be fully trusted with generating plausible recommendations completely on its own and may require human assistance.
Objective classification for solid hydrometeor particles using deep learning
Authors: Yoshimura Asuka , Tsuboki Kazuhisa , Shinoda Taro , Ohigashi Tadayasu , Shimizu Kensaku 
Published: November 2024

AbstractVarious small particles are present in the clouds. Hydrometeor videosonde (HYVIS) is an in situ instrument to observe such particles. The movies were used to capture hydrometeors with approximately 110,000 frames per sounding. When the particles in such movies were manually classified and measured sizes of particles for every several frames, it took an unrealistically long time to perform statistical analysis because of the large number of observed frames. Particle classification is subjective for the observers. This study developed a technique to classify cloud particles objectively using deep learning to overcome these problems and investigated the statistical microphysical characteristics of clouds. This study used the deep learning method You Only Looking Once for detection and classification. The training data were obtained using HYVIS in the Republic of Palau in 2013. The results trained using only HYVIS images showed low validity because some types of particles in the training data were insufficient. The data for typical particle shapes were augmented to improve the classification. Thus, the validity of classification using augmented data was improved. We used the Yonaguni Island HYVIS observation results from manual and artificial intelligence (AI) classification. The AI tended to classify the less irregular type than the manual, but no other significant differences were found. We believe this AI classification system will be for cloud microphysical studies on solid-phase particles.
In-vivo evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the 80% methanol extract of Acacia seyal stem bark in rodent models
Authors: Kedir Gena , Ayele Akeberegn Gorems , Shibeshi Workineh 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Pain and inflammation are the major medical condition commonly addressed with traditional remedies. Acacia seyal is a traditional herb widely used in Ethiopian folk medicine for pain management. However, its effectiveness has yet to be validated through scientific or experimental research. Therefore, the current study aims at evaluating the in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of 80% methanolic stem bark extract of Acacia seyal in rodent models.

Methods
After successful extractions of the stem barks of Acacia seyal with 80% methanol, the pain relieving effects of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg extract were evaluated using acetic acid-induced writhing test and hot plate method whereas the anti-inflammatory profile was determined by carrageenan induced paw-edema model and cotton pellet induced granuloma technique.

Results
The 80% methanol Acacia seyal stem bark extract exhibited substantial (p < 0.001) analgesic effect in acetic acid induced writing test (p < 0.001). The plant extract also witnessed significant central analgesic effect in hot plate method beginning at 30 min with maximum % elongation time occurred at 120 min. Furthermore, the acacia stem bark extract produced anti-inflammatory effect against carrageenan induced paw-edema model. In cotton pellet induced granuloma model, the 200 and 400 mg/kg doses of the current plant material appeared to inhibit granuloma mass formation and exudate reduction significantly (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
The collective findings of the current study revealed that 80% methanol extracts of Acacia seyal exhibited considerable analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities, supporting the plant’s traditional use for management of pain and inflammatory disorders.
Study on the chemical stability of β-lactam antibiotics in concomitant simple suspensions with magnesium oxide
Authors: Kato Ginjiro , Mitome Hidemichi , Takeda Syu , Hidaka Noriaki , Tanaka Mamoru , Akira Kazuki 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
A simple suspension method, where solid formulations are disintegrated and suspended by being soaked in warm water followed by tube administration, is widely used, especially for elderly patients with dysphagia in Japanese clinical settings. However, there is insufficient information on drug stability in the simple co-suspension of multiple formulations especially including acidic or alkaline ones. The influence of occasional prolonged soakage on drug stability is also of concern. In this study, the chemical stability of typical β-lactam antibiotics, amoxicillin, and cefcapene pivoxil hydrochloride, was investigated in simple co-suspensions with magnesium oxide (MgO), which is frequently used as an alkaline laxative for the elderly.

Methods
Amoxicillin (capsule) or cefcapene pivoxil hydrochloride (tablet) was placed with or without MgO (tablet) in a centrifuge tube containing warm water (55 °C). The tube was allowed to stand for 10 min or 5 h at room temperature and simple suspensions were prepared. The suspensions were then treated with large amounts of solvents and neutralized using a weakly acidic cation exchange resin. The resulting solutions were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The degradation products were identified by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Results
Amoxicillin was found to be partially degraded to amoxicilloic acid and amoxicillin diketopiperazine by the co-suspension with MgO. The degree of degradation increased with the prolonged soaking. The recovery rates of cefcapene pivoxil decreased due to the poor solubility in the co-suspensions with MgO and no degradation product of the drug was observed.

Conclusions
Amoxicillin and MgO should be independently suspended because of the chemical instability of amoxicillin. This study has also indicated there is a degradation risk after prolonged soaking. It should be noted that the poor water solubility of cefcapene pivoxil under alkaline conditions may affect the absorption process as well as tube passability.
Efficacy of a melatonin receptor agonist and orexin receptor antagonists in preventing delirium symptoms in the olderly patients with stroke: a retrospective study
Authors: Miyoshi Yukiko , Shigetsura Yuki , Hira Daiki , Maki Takakuni , Kawashima Hirotsugu , Sugita Naoko , Sugawara Noriko , Kitada Noriaki , Hirai Machiko , Kawata Masayoshi , Endo Hiroki , Kojima Yusuke , Ikuta Keiko , Katsube Yurie , Imayoshi Natsuki , Nakagawa Shunsaku , Tsuda Masahiro , Terada Tomohiro 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Post-stroke delirium affects between 24% and 43% of patients, and negatively impacts patient outcomes. Recently, research attention has been on preventive interventions for delirium, with melatonin receptor agonists and orexin receptor antagonists reported to be effective in preventing delirium in intensive care unit patients. However, the efficacy of these agents in preventing post-stroke delirium remain unclear. This study examined the efficacy of ramelteon, suvorexant, and lemborexant in preventing post-stroke delirium symptoms in patients with stroke.

Methods
A retrospective survey of medical records was conducted for patients with stroke aged > 75 years at Kyoto University Hospital from October 2021 to March 2023. Patients who received ramelteon, suvorexant, or lemborexant on admission and the following day were classified into the consecutive administration group, whereas those who did not were classified into the non-consecutive administration group. The primary outcome was an increase in the number of positive items in the delirium screening tool over 7 days.

Results
Of the 104 patients, 33 and 71 were in the consecutive and non-consecutive administration groups, respectively. Fewer patients in the consecutive administration group had an increase in the number of positive items than in the other group (6% vs. 21%). Patients in the consecutive administration group significantly less often had an increase in the number of positive items in the delirium screening tool (P = 0.05; hazard ratio, 0.27; 95% confidence interval, 0.10–0.75).

Conclusions
This study revealed that early administration of a melatonin receptor agonist or orexin receptor antagonists may effectively prevent post-stroke delirium in older patients.
Solitary fibrous tumor of the gallbladder: a case report
Authors: Sekine Kiwako , Nakaseko Yuichi , Nakashima Keigo , Kamada Teppei , Takahashi Junji , Koja Manabu , Fukushima Naoko , Iwase Ryota , Usuba Teruyuki , Ogawa Masaichi , Suzuki Yutaka 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Primary solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) of the gallbladder are rare. Here, we report the case of a patient who underwent surgical treatment for a primary SFT originating in the gallbladder.

Case presentation
A 48-mm gallbladder tumor was detected in a 70-year-old man using abdominal ultrasonography at a primary hospital, and he was subsequently referred to our department. A 50-mm enhanced tumor in the gallbladder was identified using computed tomography. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a smooth-marginated tumor with hyperintensity on T2-weighted imaging. 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography confirmed high-level fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the gallbladder tumor in the early phase without increasing uptake in the later phase. Surgical resection was planned to evaluate the tumor diagnosis. Initially, we performed open cholecystectomy with wedge resection of the gallbladder bed. Intraoperative pathological examination suggested gallbladder cancer; therefore, we performed radical surgery, including resection of the common bile duct, extended radical lymphadenectomy, and choledochojejunostomy. Ultimately, the final pathological examination revealed an SFT originating from the gallbladder with a negative surgical margin. Postoperatively, the patient developed bile leakage that was treated with tube drainage. The patient recovered satisfactorily and was discharged on postoperative day 20. At 24 months postoperatively, the patient was in good general condition without recurrence.

Conclusions
We report a rare case of a primary SFT originating in the gallbladder. Clinicians should be aware that SFT can be found in the gallbladder, and when it is difficult to make a preoperative diagnosis, surgical treatment should be considered.
Functional diversity of the above-ground fungal community under long-term integrated, organic and biodynamic Vineyard Management
Authors: Steng Katharina , Roy Friederike , Kellner Harald , Moll Julia , Tittmann Susanne , Frotscher Johanna , Döring Johanna 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Sustainable agriculture increasingly emphasizes the importance of microbial communities in influencing plant health and productivity. In viticulture, understanding the impact of management practices on fungal communities is critical, given their role in disease dynamics, grape and wine quality. This study investigates the effects of integrated, organic, and biodynamic management practices on the diversity and function of fungal communities in a vineyard located in Geisenheim, Germany, focusing on above-ground parts such as bark, leaves, and grapes.

Results
Our findings indicate that while overall fungal species richness did not significantly differ among management systems across various compartments, the composition of these communities was distinctly influenced by the type of management system. In particular, leaf and grape compartments showed notable variations in fungal community structure between integrated and organic/biodynamic management. No differences were observed between organic and biodynamic management. Integrated management demonstrated a significantly higher abundance of mycoparasites in comparison to organic and biodynamic management, primarily attributed to the increased presence of Sporobolomyces roseus, Sporobolomyces ellipsoideus and Rhodotorula glutinis.

Conclusions
The findings highlight the importance of management practices in shaping fungal community composition and function in vineyards. Although overall species richness remained unaffected, community composition and functional diversity varied, highlighting the potential for strategic microbiome management to enhance vineyard sustainability and plant health.
Information disclosure and funding success of green crowdfunding campaigns: a study on GoFundMe
Authors: Yin Ziyi , Huang Guowei , Zhao Rui , Wang Sen , Shang Wen-Long , Han Chunjia , Yang Mu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCrowdfunding has become important in increasing financial support for the development of green technologies. Self-disclosed information significantly affects supporters’ decisions and is important for the success of green project funding. However, current studies still lack investigations into the impact of information disclosure on green crowdfunding performance. This research aims to fill this knowledge gap by exploring eight information disclosure-relevant factors in green crowdfunding performance. Applying machine learning techniques (e.g., Natural Language Processing and Computer Vision) and logistic regression, this study investigates 720 green crowdfunding campaigns on GoFundMe and empirically finds that the duration, length of campaign introductions, and length of the title influence fundraising outcomes. However, no evidence supports the impact of goal size, emotion of campaign introduction, or image content on funding success. This study clarifies the information disclosure-related data that green crowdfunding campaigns should consider and provides founders with a constructive guide to smoothly raise money for a green crowdfunding campaign. This study also contributes to data processing methods by providing future studies with an approach for transferring unstructured data to structured data.
Parent autonomy support and undergraduates’ academic engagement in online learning: the mediate role of self-regulation
Authors: Song Lili , Zhan Qiqi , Cao LuSheng , Luo Runfeng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
The role of parent support for adolescents has been validated in online learning. However, less attention has been paid to undergraduates.

Main body
The research used self-reported questionnaires to investigate the mediating effects of self-regulation in parent autonomy support and academic engagement (cognitive, behavioral, and emotional dimensions) within the online environment in the context of Chinese culture.

Objective
The present study recruited 1908 undergraduates in China.

Methods
The students completed measures of parent autonomy support, self-regulation and three sub-dimensions of academic engagement.

Results
The results indicated that parent autonomy support exerted a direct and significant effect on the three sub-dimensions of academic engagement in online learning. Self-regulation partially mediated the relations between parent autonomy support and three sub-dimensions of academic engagement.

Conclusion
These findings showed parents should autonomously support students to promote their cognitive, behavioral, and emotional engagement. Moreover, the partial mediation explained how parent autonomy support affected three sub-dimensions of academic engagement. Limitations and educational implications were also discussed.
Comparative analysis of AI-based search algorithms in solving 8 puzzle problems
Authors: Balogun Ghaniyyat Bolanle , Ibisagba Daniel , Bajeh Amos , Debo Taofik Olawale , Muyideen Abdulraheem , Peter Olumuyiwa James 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
The 8-puzzle problem is a well-known combinatorial search problem, often used to test the effectiveness of various artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms. This study aims to evaluate the performance of three AI-based search algorithms—Breadth-First Search (BFS), Depth-First Search (DFS), and A* Search—in solving the 8-puzzle problem. The algorithms were implemented in Java, and their performance was measured in terms of solution length, the number of expanded nodes, and execution time.

Results
Experiments were conducted on eight randomly generated instances of the 8-puzzle problem. The findings reveal that both BFS and A* Search consistently identify optimal solutions in all cases. However, BFS was found to use more memory and operate slower than A* Search. Conversely, DFS demonstrated faster execution times and lower memory usage compared to BFS but was less reliable in finding optimal or feasible solutions. The study also explored the impact of different heuristic functions on the performance of A* Search. Among the heuristics tested, the Manhattan distance heuristic was determined to be the most effective, offering the best balance between accuracy and efficiency.

Conclusions
In conclusion, both BFS and A* Search are effective in finding optimal solutions, with A* Search being more efficient in terms of speed and memory usage. DFS, while faster and more memory-efficient, is less consistent in producing optimal solutions. The Manhattan distance heuristic significantly enhances the performance of A* Search, making it the preferred heuristic for the 8-puzzle problem. These results suggest that A* Search, particularly with the Manhattan distance heuristic, is a highly efficient choice for solving the 8-puzzle problem, especially in contexts where computational resources are limited.
Myocardial deformation in children post cardiac surgery, a cross-sectional prospective study
Authors: Hassan Mohammad Ahmad , Al-Akhfash Ali , Bhat Yasser , Alqwaiee Abdullah , Abdulrashed Mohammed , Almarshud Saad Saleh , Almesned Abdulrahman 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Myocardial deformation by speckle tracking echocardiography provides valuable information on the left ventricular function. The study aims to assess myocardial deformation in terms of left ventricular strain as an indicator of myocardial function in children after cardiac surgery at outpatient follow-up visits.

Methods
The study design was a prospective observational cross-sectional study that included pediatric patients after biventricular cardiac surgery during the postoperative follow-up visits in the outpatient department. In addition to conventional echocardiographic examination, two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography was done to evaluate myocardial deformation in terms of left ventricular strain. Echocardiographic measurements were done offline and were compared to published reference normal values for age. Study subjects were divided according to age at follow-up into four groups (1 month–1 year, 1–2 years, 2–5 years, and 5–11 years).

Results
Over ten months, 100 patients (64 males and 36 females) were included in the study. The median age was 30.8 months (IQR 12.8–65.3 months), the median weight was 11.7 kg (IQR 8–17 kg) and the median duration after surgery was 7.3 months (IQR 3.2–30.8 months). Longitudinal strain values were significantly (p < 0.001) lower than reference values for different age groups. Global circumferential strain showed no significant difference from the reference values. The duration after surgery had a statistically significant effect on longitudinal strain values, with improvement of the strain values with increasing intervals after surgery.

Conclusion
Using myocardial deformation method to evaluate cardiac function may detect underlying cardiac function abnormalities even with normal traditional functional parameters, which could have implications for patient management and follow-up.