bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Acrylic‐Rubber‐Based Latex Binder to High‐Voltage Spinel Electrodes of Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Hitomi Shoichi , Kubota Kei , Horiba Tatsuo , Hida Kazuo , Matsuyama Takashi , Oji Hiroshi , Yasuno Satoshi , Komaba Shinichi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAcrylic rubber (AR) is studied as a new aqueous latex binder for a high‐voltage positive electrode material, spinel‐type LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4, for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). The electrode with AR and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a composite binder delivers a reversible capacity of 138 mAh g−1 at the first cycle and 128 mAh g−1 at 50th cycle in non‐aqueous Li cells within a voltage range of 3.0 to 5.0 V. As well as capacities higher than 120 mAh g−1, in the case of conventional poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF) binder, the AR/CMC electrode exhibits better cycle stability than that with PVdF. An initial coulombic efficiency of the AR/CMC electrode of 91 % is higher than 78 % for the styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR)/CMC electrode, because irreversible anodic oxidation of a C=C bond in the SBR molecule is avoided in the AR molecular structure. In addition, comprehensive analyses with AC impedance spectroscopy, cross‐sectional scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, time‐of‐flight secondary‐ion mass spectrometry, as well as hard and soft X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveal uniform dispersion of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 particles and acetylene black in the AR/CMC electrode and sufficient coverage of AR/CMC on LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 particles due to good affinity of aqueous binder to them.
Transcriptome profiling of maternal stress‐induced wing dimorphism in pea aphids
Authors: Hu Lin , Gui Wanying , Chen Bing , Chen Li 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWing dimorphism, that is, wingless and winged forms, can be induced by maternal stress signals and is an adaptive response of aphids to environmental changes. Here, we investigated the ecological and molecular effects of three kinds of stress, namely crowding, predation, and aphid alarm pheromone, on wing dimorphism. These three stressors induced high proportion of up to 60% of winged morphs in offspring. Transcriptome analysis of stress‐treated female aphids revealed different changes in maternal gene expression induced by the three stressors. Crowding elicited widespread changes in the expression of genes involved in nutrient accumulation and energy mobilization. Distinct from crowding, predation caused dramatic expression changes in cuticle protein (CP) genes. Twenty‐three CP genes that belong to CP RR2 subfamily and are highly expressed in legs and embryos were greatly repressed by the presence of ladybird. By contrast, application of alarm pheromone, E‐β‐farnesene, caused slight changes in gene expression. The three factors shared a responsive gene, cuticle protein 43. This study reveals the adaptive response of aphids to environmental stresses and provides a rich resource on genome‐wide expression genes for exploring molecular mechanisms of ecological adaptation in aphids.OPEN RESEARCH BADGES

This article has earned an Open Data Badge for making publicly available the digitally‐shareable data necessary to reproduce the reported results. The data is available at https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.55b2b15.
Understanding reproductive allometry in turtles: A slippery “slope”
Authors: Iverson John B. , Lindeman Peter V. , Lovich Jeffrey E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMeasures of reproductive output in turtles are generally positively correlated with female body size. However, a full understanding of reproductive allometry in turtles requires logarithmic transformation of reproductive and body size variables prior to regression analyses. This allows for slope comparisons with expected linear or cubic relationships for linear to linear and linear to volumetric variables, respectively. We compiled scaling data using this approach from published and unpublished turtle studies (46 populations of 25 species from eight families) to quantify patterns among taxa. Our results suggest that for log–log comparisons of clutch size, egg width, egg mass, clutch mass, and pelvic aperture width to shell length, all scale hypoallometrically despite theoretical predictions of isometry. Clutch size generally scaled at ~1.7 to 2.0 (compared to an isometric expectation of 3.0), egg width at ~0.5 (compared to an expectation of 1.0), egg mass at ~1.1 to 1.3 (3.0), clutch mass at ~2.5 to 2.8 (3.0), and pelvic aperture width at 0.8–0.9 (1.0). We also found preliminary evidence that scaling may differ across years and clutches even in the same population, as well as across populations of the same species. Future investigators should aspire to collect data on all these reproductive parameters and to report log–log allometric analyses to test our preliminary conclusions regarding reproductive allometry in turtles.
3D aluminum/silver hierarchical nanostructure with large areas of dense hot spots for surface‐enhanced raman scattering
Authors: Zhao Nan , Li Hefu , Xie Yanru , Feng Zhenbao , Wang Zongliang , Yang Zhenshan , Yan Xunling , Wang Wenjun , Tian Cunwei , Yu Huishan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPlasmonic nanomaterials possessing large‐volume, high‐density hot spots with high field enhancement are highly desirable for ultrasensitive surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensing. However, many as‐prepared plasmonic nanomaterials are limited in available dense hot spots and in sample size, which greatly hinder their wide applications in SERS devices. Here, we develop a two‐step physical deposition protocol and successfully fabricate 3D hierarchical nanostructures with highly dense hot spots across a large scale (6 × 6 cm2). The nanopatterned aluminum film was first prepared by thermal evaporation process, which can provide 3D quasi‐periodic cloud‐like nanostructure arrays suitable for noble metal deposition; then a large number of silver nanoparticles with controllable shape and size were decorated onto the alumina layer surfaces by laser molecular beam epitaxy, which can realize large‐area accessible dense hot spots. The optimized 3D‐structured SERS substrate exhibits high‐quality detection performance with excellent reproducibility (13.1 and 17.1%), whose LOD of rhodamine 6G molecules was 10−9 M. Furthermore, the as‐prepared 3D aluminum/silver SERS substrate was applied in detection of melamine with the concentration down to 10−7 M and direct detection of melamine in infant formula solution with the concentration as low 10 mg/L. Such method to realize large‐area hierarchical nanostructures can greatly simplify the fabrication procedure for 3D SERS platforms, and should be of technological significance in mass production of SERS‐based sensors.
Adoption of AFS Standard Methods: The South Dakota Experience
Authors: Smith Bradley J , Blackwell Brian G 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Standardization is a critical component of scientific inquiry, but has been difficult to implement for inland fisheries sampling in North America. In 2009, the American Fisheries Society (AFS) published Standard Methods for Sampling North American Freshwater Fishes. Since publication, numerous management agencies have adopted AFS standard methods. However, few agencies have reported on the utility of AFS standard methods. Here we discuss the process of adopting AFS passive standard methods for sampling lakes and reservoirs in South Dakota during 2012–2017 by the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish, and Parks. Adoption of AFS methods took 5 years and was pursued as a defensible way to standardize passive gears used to survey most game fish across management regions. Many of the advantages, and potential challenges were realized while adopting AFS gears and methods, which will be relevant to other resource management agencies and researchers.
Anchored retaining walls from the early 1980s in the Salzburg area
Authors: Sönser Sabrina , Treichl Hanspeter , Leitner Andreas 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAll retaining walls along highways have to be controlled and checked regularly. In the course of these checks, defects and a wide variety of failure mechanisms to anchors have been found throughout Austria over the past ten years. The following article discusses retaining walls with anchors of the type Permaflex in the area around Salzburg. Due to their construction, these have an increased susceptibility to corrosion. The two examples, a retaining wall at Egger and slope stabilisation of the Donnergraben bridge are in each case anchored, coupled plate elements made of reinforced concrete. In particular, the importance of both the installation of permanent monitoring as well as the availability of inventory documents in remediation planning is emphasized.
Brenner Base Tunnel exploratory tunnel Ahrental‐Pfons – interaction between tunnel boring machine and rock mass as well as measures to manage fault zones
Authors: Flora Matthias , Grüllich Sebastian , Töchterle Andreas , Schierl Heimo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractApprox. 42 km of tunnel were excavated on the contract Tulfes‐Pfons H33, including a 15 km long section of the exploratory tunnel, which has been excavated since October 2015 with a gripper TBM from the Ahrental access tunnel southward into the district of Steinach. The interaction of the tunnel boring machine with the rock mass is discussed here as a back analysis of the mechanized tunnelling drive. This article does compare the forecast with the actual geological/geotechnical conditions, but only considers the conditions actually encountered. The back analysis takes place analogously to the principle of geotechnical planning according to the ÖGG (Austrian Society of Geomechanics) guideline, in which, starting from the rock mass structure and the rock mass types, the encountered tunnel face and intrados behaviour are observed and an estimation of the system behaviour is carried out. A description of the tunnelling technology concept completes this paper together with two case studies and the lessons learned.
Process expectations: Differences between therapists, patients, and lay individuals in their views of what works in psychotherapy
Authors: Tzur Bitan Dana , Abayed Shiran 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn this study, we aimed to assess the degree to which individuals with varying levels of psychotherapeutic experience have predisposed ideas regarding what works in psychotherapy.MethodTherapists (n = 107), patients (n = 97), and lay individuals with no prior experience in psychotherapy (n = 160) reported their process expectations and ranked seven mechanisms of change in the order of their perceived importance.ResultsTherapists rated emotional processing and patient–therapist relations as higher in importance than did patients and lay individuals, but patients and lay individuals rated cognitive and emotional reconstruction higher than did therapists. Furthermore, therapists ranked the exploration of unconscious contents as most important, while patients and lay individuals ranked cognitive control to be the most important mechanism of change.ConclusionsTherapists, patients, and lay individuals expect different mechanisms of change to take place in psychotherapy. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed.
Exploiting silver trifluoromethanesulfonate as efficient and reusable catalyst for the synthesis of dihydropyrimidine derivatives under different reaction environments
Authors: Roy Dipak Kumar , Tamuli Kashyap Jyoti , Bordoloi Manobjyoti 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDifferent results were generated under different reaction conditions for the multicomponent reactions. Herein, an efficiently improved and mild protocol for the synthesis of dihydropyrimidine derivatives using cheap silver trifluoromethanesulfonate (CF3SO3Ag) as reusable catalyst is explained. With conventional heating and microwave irradiation method, the synthesis of substituted 3,4‐dihydropyrimidine‐2(1H)‐one and 3,4‐dihydropyrimidine‐2(1H)‐thione was achieved in different solvent environments like acetonitrile, water, and under solvent free neat condition. Moreover, the solvents (CH3CN and H2O) containing the CF3SO3Ag were reused for several times without loss of much catalytic activity after separation from the desired products. Thus, the method provides much improved and efficient alternative pathway to the original Biginelli reaction.
The LysR‐type transcriptional regulator STM0030 contributes to Salmonella Typhimurium growth in macrophages and virulence in mice
Authors: Zhang Huan , Song Xiaorui , Lv Runxia , Liu Xiaoqian , Wang Peisheng , Jiang Lingyan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSalmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Tm) is a major intracellular pathogen that infects humans and animals, and its survival and growth in macrophages is essential for its pathogenicity. More than 50 putative regulatory proteins are encoded by the S. Tm genome, but the functions of these regulatory proteins in mediating S. Tm pathogenicity are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the biological function of the STM0030 gene, which encodes a putative LysR‐type transcriptional regulator. We found that STM0030 is upregulated 2.8–5.7‐fold during S. Tm growth in macrophages. Further, mutating this gene decreased bacterial growth in macrophages and attenuated virulence in mice. RNA‐sequencing to investigate the regulatory function of STM0030 in S. Tm revealed that 447 genes were differentially expressed between the mutant and the wild‐type strains; 429 of these genes were downregulated, suggesting that STM0030 mainly acts as a transcriptional activator. Moreover, the expression of gluconate, maltose, and hexose‐p transport genes, as well as allantoin utilization genes were downregulated in the STM0030 mutant; this might be associated with the observed decrease in intracellular replication and pathogenicity of the mutant. Our findings suggest that STM0030 is a new pathogenicity‐associated regulatory protein that broadens our understanding of the virulence regulatory network of S. Tm.
Flood hazard risk forecasting index (FHRFI) for urban areas: The Hurricane Harvey case study
Authors: Jurlina Toni , Baugh Calum , Pappenberger Florian , Prudhomme Christel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHurricane Harvey caused at least 70 confirmed deaths, with estimated losses in the Houston urban area of Texas reaching above US$150 billion, making it one of the costliest natural disasters ever in the United States. The study tests two types of forecast index to provide surface flooding (inundation) warning over the Houston area: a meteorological index based on a global numerical weather prediction (NWP) system, and a new combined meteorological and land surface index, the flood hazard risk forecasting index (FHRFI), where land surface is used to condition the meteorological forecast. Both indices use the total precipitation extreme forecast index (EFI) and shift of tails (SoT) products from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) medium‐range ensemble forecasting system (ENS). Forecasts at the medium range (3–14 days ahead) were assessed against 153 observed National Weather Service (NWS) urban flood reports over the Houston urban area between August 26 and 29, 2017. It is shown that the method provides skilful forecasts up to four days ahead using both approaches. Moreover, the FHRFI combined index has a hit ratio of up to 74% at 72 hr lead time, with a false‐alarm ratio of only 45%. This amounts to a statistically significant 20% increase in performance compared with the meteorological indices. This first study demonstrates the importance of including land‐surface information to improve the quality of the flood forecasts over meteorological indices only, and that skilful flood warning in urban areas can be obtained from the NWP using the FHRFI.
Oncogenic BRAF and KRAS mutations in endosalpingiosis
Authors: Chui Michael Herman , Shih Ie‐Ming 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEndosalpingiosis, a microscopic lesion composed of ectopic Fallopian tube epithelium, frequently involves the peritoneum and lymph nodes in patients with ovarian serous borderline tumour or low‐grade serous carcinoma, but its pathogenic significance remains unclear. Using laser‐capture microdissection and droplet digital PCR, we investigated whether endosalpingiosis harbours the driver mutations in BRAF and KRAS that characterise ovarian low‐grade serous neoplasms. Somatic mutations were detected in 14 (33%) of 43 endosalpingiotic lesions analysed. Of 21 women with endosalpingiosis associated with a synchronous or metachronous ovarian low‐grade serous tumour, mutations were identified in endosalpingiotic lesions from 11 (52%) women, with most cases (10/11, 91%) demonstrating identical mutations in both tumour and endosalpingiosis. In contrast, of 13 cases of endosalpingiosis not associated with an ovarian tumour, only one harboured a KRAS mutation. The proliferative activity as assessed by Ki‐67 immunohistochemistry was lower in endosalpingiosis than in low‐grade serous tumours, and endosalpingiosis with either a BRAF or KRAS mutation had a significantly lower Ki‐67 index than those without. Ectopic expression of KRASG12V in Fallopian tube epithelial cells led to ERK phosphorylation, p21 induction, growth arrest and cellular senescence. In conclusion, we demonstrate that endosalpingiosis represents an interesting example of cancer driver mutations in deceptively normal‐appearing cells, which may be prone to neoplastic transformation upon bypass of endogenous oncosuppressive mechanisms. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On Efficient Synthesis, X‐Ray Analysis and DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity of Pyrazolone‐Based trans‐Chalcones
Authors: Chaudhry Faryal , Asif Nadia , Naureen Sadia , Munawar Munawar Ali , Khan Misbahul Ain 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe present work highlights the facile and substantially streamlined microwave assisted synthesis of chalcones 3(a–m) from acetylpyrazolone 1 a and aldehyde 2(a–m) in piperidine‐ethanolic medium. The organocatalytic action of piperidine has been proposed in a mechanism. Different physical and analytical methods have been used to characterize the synthesized chalcones. Single Crystal XRD analyses of compounds 3 e and 3 f also supported proposed interpretation of the structural arrangements of these molecules. Further the synthesized compounds were evaluated for DPPH activity and results were compared with standard quercetin. Following compounds; 3 h, 3 i, 3 j and 3 d articulated excellent antioxidant activity.
Computational Study on the Mechanisms and Pathways of the Atmospheric NH2 + BrO Reaction
Authors: Zhang Yunju , He Bing , Sun Yuxi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe NH2 radical reaction with BrO was characterized by combining the second‐order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) with a 6–311++G(d,p) basis set, followed by kinetic analyses using the Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus (RRKM) theory and transition‐state (TST) theory to forecast the product distribution and thermal rate coefficients. Addition/elimination and H‐abstraction mechanisms are observed, and three products are identified: P1 (HBr + HNO), P2 (NBr + H2O) and P3 (3NH + HOBr). At atmospheric pressure, P1 (HBr + HNO), generated by the association/elimination channel, represents the primary products between 200–500 K; the direct H‐abstraction leading to P3 (3NH + HOBr) plays a significant role above 500 K. However, at the high‐pressure limit, IM1 [BrONH2] generated by collisional stabilization is dominant between 200–500 K; the direct H‐abstraction leading to P3 (3NH + HOBr) was the major channel at high‐temperature. Moreover, the total rate constants are pressure independent; however the individual rate constants are sensitive to pressure.
Mono‐ and Bimetallic Au(Core)‐Ag(Shell) Nanoparticles Mediated by Ulva reticulata Extracts
Authors: Ashokkumar Thirunavukkarasu , Vijayaraghavan Kuppusamy 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis research reports the fabrication of silver, gold and gold‐silver bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) using aqueous extracts of green marine alga Ulva reticulata. Analysis by UV‐Vis spectrometry, X‐ray diffraction, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the biosynthesis of NPs by the seaweed extract. Surface plasmon resonances (SPR) were recorded at 439, 539 and 528 nm for silver (AgNPs), gold (AuNPs) and bimetal (Au core‐Ag shell) NPs, respectively. AgNPs and AuNPs were mostly spherical in shape with size range of 7 to 36 and 19 to 32 nm, respectively, whereas Au−Ag NPs showed core‐shell formation with star like structure shaped nanoparticles with size range of 57 to 230 nm. The results confirmed that Au ions reduced faster than Ag and the resultant bimetallic nanoparticles arrangement were found to be Au core and Ag shell. Chemical constituents such as ulvan and other polysaccharides of the green seaweed extract were identified as reducing and stabilizing agents for nanoparticles formation.
Dual‐Additive Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition for the Growth of Mn‐Doped 2D MoS2 with Tunable Electronic Properties
Authors: Cai Zhengyang , Shen Tianze , Zhu Qi , Feng Simin , Yu Qiangmin , Liu Jiaman , Tang Lei , Zhao Yue , Wang Jiangwei , Liu Bilu , Cheng Hui‐Ming 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDoping of bulk silicon and III–V materials has paved the foundation of the current semiconductor industry. Controlled doping of 2D semiconductors, which can also be used to tune their bandgap and type of carrier thus changing their electronic, optical, and catalytic properties, remains challenging. Here the substitutional doping of nonlike element dopant (Mn) at the Mo sites of 2D MoS2 is reported to tune its electronic and catalytic properties. The key for the successful incorporation of Mn into the MoS2 lattice stems from the development of a new growth technology called dual‐additive chemical vapor deposition. First, the addition of a MnO2 additive to the MoS2 growth process reshapes the morphology and increases lateral size of Mn‐doped MoS2. Second, a NaCl additive helps in promoting the substitutional doping and increases the concentration of Mn dopant to 1.7 at%. Because Mn has more valance electrons than Mo, its doping into MoS2 shifts the Fermi level toward the conduction band, resulting in improved electrical contact in field effect transistors. Mn doping also increases the hydrogen evolution activity of MoS2 electrocatalysts. This work provides a growth method for doping nonlike elements into 2D MoS2 and potentially many other 2D materials to modify their properties.
Non-standard neutrino interactions and low energy experiments
Authors: Altmannshofer Wolfgang , Tammaro Michele , Zupan Jure 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe formulate an Effective Field Theory (EFT) for Non Standard neutrino Interactions (NSI) in elastic scattering with light quarks, leptons, gluons and photons, including all possible operators of dimension 5, 6 and 7. We provide the expressions for the cross sections in coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering and in deep inelastic scattering. Assuming single operator dominance we constrain the respective Wilson coefficient using the measurements by the COHERENT and CHARM collaborations. We also point out the constraining power of future elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering experiments. Finally, we explore the implications of the bounds for SMEFT operators above the electroweak breaking scale.