bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ibm Bagi Petani Benih Udang Windu Skala Rumah Tangga (Backyard) Di Desa Kalitengah Kecamatan Tanggulangin Sidoarjo Yang Mengalami Gagal Panen Berkepanjangan Karena Serangan Penyakit <Br><I>[Ibm For Seed Shrimp Farmers Family Scale (Backyard) In Kalitengah Village, Tanggulangin District, Sidoarjo Region, That Harvesting Lossed To Long Times That Caused By The Diseases]<I>
Authors: Mahasri Gunanti , Sudarno Sudarno , Masithah Endang Dewi 
Published: February 2019

Abstract Demand of seed shrimp, as specially tiger shrimps is still not enough until now, it is only 5060%, more than for 5-10 years end showed decreased point. One of factors that influenced the successfully seeds shrimp hatchery is water quality that as a life media of shrimps. A bisnis about shrimp hatchery is still have a good market, because there are a lot of tiger shrimp pond operational, more than some time demand of the shrimp increase fluctuative on seasonal. The aims of this this societies service activities is applicated a new shrimp hatcher technology by using immunostimulant at Putri Mandiri Group company, it aplicated in family hatcher in Kalitengah village, Tanggulangin District, Region of Sidoarjo. The immunostimulant use to increase the body deffence of the shrimp larve in hatchery to the disease attacked dan invirontment during culture periode, it will be increase the harvesting. The method using in the activity were socialitation/counseling, dempond and guiding to application of the method of shrimp hatcher by using immunostimulant in one periode. Monitoring and evaluation about this result were done in one month after the activity ending. This result showed that aplicated immunostimulant in shrimp family hatcher Backyard) can increased the shrimp seed harvesting of Putri Mandiri Company owner, from 900.000 to 1.600.000 shrimp seeds, it is same as that the profit increased from 8.622.000,- until 15.822.000,- Rupiahs for one periode panen for one container 10 tonage capacity.
Consumo de alcohol, tabaco y conciencia sobre el cáncer colorrectal en personas con riesgo familiar
Authors: Pacheco-Pérez Luis Arturo , Ruiz Gonzalez Karla Judith , Guevara Valtier Milton Carlos , Navarro Oliva Edna Idalia Paulina , Rodriguez Puente Linda Azucena 
Published: February 2019

Introducción. El consumo de alcohol y tabaco se asocian con el desarrollo de enfermedades como el cáncer, incluyendo el colorrectal. Objetivo. Determinar la asociación entre consumo de alcohol, tabaco y la conciencia sobre el cáncer colorrectal en personas con riesgo familiar. Metodología. Estudio transversal y correlacional en dos hospitales públicos de México; se utilizaron los cuestionarios AUDIT, test de Fagerström y CAM; se realizó un análisis de Coeficientes de Correlación de Spearman. Resultados. 146 participantes de 18 a 50 años (X =36.92) sexo femenino un 58.2%. El 52.9% de las mujeres dentro de consumo de riesgo de alcohol y 77% de los hombres dentro de consumo perjudicial de alcohol. 100% de las mujeres refirió no fumar y 22.9% de los hombres con dependencia al tabaco. El sangrado en heces es el signo más conocido para cáncer colorrectal (62.3%); 28.7% de los participantes reconoce el consumo de alcohol como factor de riesgo y el 15.1% manifestó sentir confianza en conocer signos y síntomas del cáncer colorrectal; no se encontró una asociación significativa entre las variables. Conclusión. La mayoría de las personas consume cantidades elevadas de alcohol; poco se conoce sobre los factores de riesgo, signos, síntomas y detección oportuna del mismo.
CHESTNUT PRODUCTION IN CHINA: A MODEL FOR DEVELOPMENT OF A CHESTNUT INDUSTRY IN THE SOUTHEASTERN U. S.
Authors: Norton J. D. 
Published: February 2019

The Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) has been cultivated in China for more than 1000 years. During this period, indigenous cultivars and traditional cultivation practices have been used. China is the leading producer of Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) with 37% of the world' s production. In the last 4 years, improved cultivars and improved cultural practices have resulted in marked increases in production.
The leading provinces in Chestnut production are Hopei, Hubei, and Shandong. Severe injury, crop losses and tree mortality have resulted from the chestnut gall wasp in China Yields have increased greatly in Hubei province through cooperative breeding and developmental research between the Department of Horticulture Auburn University and the Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Two resistant seedlings from Auburn University are being utilized to save the chestnut industry in China and possibly worldwide.
BREEDING MELONS FOR DISEASE IN CHINA
Authors: Norton J. D. 
Published: February 2019

The watermelon has been cultivated in China for more than 1000 years. During most of this period, indigenous cultivars and traditional cultivation practices were used. In the last decade, many improved cultivars have been developed and the use of plastic mulch and other improved cultural practices have been utilized. China has become the largest producer of watermelons with the production area increasing to 1 million hectares and 15 million tons in 1988.
Watermelons are grown in almost all production areas of China. The production areas are: the Northwest inland dry region, the North China plain region, and the Changjiang (Yantzi river) valley rainy region. Severe injury and crop losses occur from Fusarium wilt, (Fusarium oxysporium v. niveum) anthracnose (Colletotrichum laginarium), and gummy stem blight (Didymella bryonaea). Cooperative breeding and developmental work was initiated between the Dept. of Horticulture, Auburn University and the Hubei Academy of Aggricultural Science and the Hubei Agricultural College, Jing Zhou to evaluate cultivar and germplasm and to develop multiple disease resistant melons that produce high yields of excellent quality fruit.
CHARACTERIZATION OF SOMACLONAL VARIATION IN TISSUE CULTURE-DERIVED TANGERINE-VIRESCENT LINES OF TOMATO
Authors: Oh Dae-Geun , Tigchelaar Edward C. 
Published: February 2019

The tangerine-virescent (tv) mutation was reported as a single gene somaclonal variant from tissue culture (Evans and Sharp 1963). A replicated field trial was conducted to characterize variation and stability in the phenotype of this tv somaclone and to compare it with the inbred parent from which it was reportedly derived.Heritability and stability of the tv somaclonal variant was measured by comparing R3 end R4 lines of sexual progenies of the original tv variant and with its sexually derived inbred parent UC82B. Several additional variants were observed in these tv lines, including fruit shape, days to first flower, fruit weight, yield, plant type, and fertility. Eight sterile or semi-sterile plants were discovered in 6 of 39 R4 lines. Our results suggest that multiple genetic changes have occurred in the tv somaclonal variant and while the original tv mutant is stably inherited, additional genetic abnormalities occur following sexual reproduction.
GROWTH CONTROL OF BOUGAINVILLEA SPECTABILIS `SCARLETT O`HARA'
Authors: Norcini J. G. , Yadav U. K. , McDowell J. M. 
Published: February 2019

Bougainvillea spectabilis `Scarlett O`Hara' is an extremely fast-growing plant that can require frequent pruning during production. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of uniconazole and daminozide in controlling growth.Plants growing in 3.8-liter containers were pruned 3 days before uniconazole (SUMAGIC .05%L) or daminozide (B-NINE SP) was applied. The treatments were 1) uniconazole folier spray at 0, 50, 100, 150, or 200 ppm, 2) uniconazole drench at 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, or 5.0 mg ai/plant, and 3) daminozide foliar spray at 0, 2500, 5000, 7500, or 10,000 ppm. Uniconazole and daminozide primarily inhibited increase in the width of bougainvillea; height was only repressed at the high rates of uniconazole or daminozide (only 10,000 ppm). The 200 ppm uniconazole spray and the low drench rates reduced the growth rate for 3 to 5 weeks. Drenches of 2.5 or 5.0 mg ai/plant resulted in excessive growth reduction.
SMALL-SCALE, LOW-COST FILTERS FOR DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
Authors: Roberts B. W. , O'Hern C. W. 
Published: February 2019

Drip irrigation systems are used extensively by commercial vegetable producers. Such systems permit precise water placement and efficient water utilization. Emitters in drip irrigation lines can easily become clogged if water supplies contain solid particles. Most farm water is not suitable for drip irrigation unless filters are used to remove solid particles from the water. Small scale or part time vegetable producers often find the cost of conventional filter systems to be a substantial financial investment.A filter which is small, lightweight, and portable was designed, built, and tested. The system is constructed from standard hardware and plumbing materials that can be purchased for less than $50. Construction time is four hours or less. The filter system works well for small scale operations that require low flow rates of water.Specifications for construction, including a materials parts list and construction details will be presented.
SEEDLESS WATERMELON CONSUMER PREFERENCE SURVEY
Authors: Gast Karen L.B. , Marr Charles W. 
Published: February 2019

Several new seedlees watermelon cultivars have recently been released or tested by seed companies. Their greatest asset is their seed-lessness. Melon quality, as determined by consumer acceptance may be a greater challenge.A consumer preference survey was conducted to determine the acceptability of ten seedless cultivars and breeding lines. All cultivars were rated as acceptable and significant differences were found among the cultivars. Comments expressed by consumers indicated that the seedless melons were not as flavorful as seeded cultivars. No correlations were found between soluble solids and preference nor firmness and preference. Further investigation will be made as to whether the convenience and flavor are worth the greater cost of the seedless watermelon.
EFFICACY OF SOLID WASTE COMPOST AS A PROPAGATION MEDIUM
Authors: Verkade S. D. , Fitzpatrick G. E. 
Published: February 2019

The availability of organic components of potting media is limited due to supply and shipping costs. Disposal of solid waste has also become a serious problem for many municipalities. The utilization of solid waste compost in agricultural production promises to be a solution for both concerns. The objective of this experiment was to determine the efficacy of sol id waste compost from Miami, Dade County, Florida as a propagation medium for vegetative reproduction of ornamental and landscape plants.Cuttings of Podocarpus macrophylla, Chrysobalanus icaro, and Impatiens spp. 1-13 cm long, treated with .2% NAA ppm IBA were rooted in media composed of sphagnum peatmoss: perlite (1:1) or Agrisoil (TM) solid waste compost: perlite (1:). Cutting rooted well in both media. Data included number of roots and root weight.
CONSUMER NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT CALENDAR
Authors: Relf P. Diane , McKissack David 
Published: February 2019

The Virginia Gardener Nutrient Management Education Program addressed non-point, urban-runoff pollution of Virginia's streams, estuaries, and groundwater, and included a calendar aimed at alerting the garden consumer to the connection between overfertilization and water pollution. Over 15,000 calendars were requested.A survey of calendar recipients was conducted. 1500 persons were chosen at random, a subsequent address check confirmed adequate distribution among the regions of the state. The response rate was 28%. Responses indicated that 91.3% of those surveyed had changed their garden practices in some way because of the calendar. 90% of the respondents indicated that the calendar had shown them a connection between proper gardening techniques and water quality, with 82.2% indicating the calendar had been moderately to greatly successful in showing them this connection.The 1989 Virginia Gardener Calendar was an effective method of educating garden consumers about the connection between water quality and nutrient runoff, and cultural practices which lessen the need for fertilizer in the home garden.
CHARACTERISTICS OF OLIVE FLOWER AND FRUIT ABSCISSION: SOURCES OF VARIATION IN A NATURAL POPULATION.
Authors: Martin George C. , Nishijima Chic , Early Jack D. 
Published: February 2019

Olive fruit persistence is a crucial component of yield and an important factor in estimating alternate bearing potential.Unfortunately, measurement of fruit persistence exhibit considerable variation, with coefficients of variation greater than 100. Such a high degree of variation makes field studies on questions regarding flowering and fruiting unmanageable due to the large number of experimental units necessary. To determine the source of this variation and how it might be reduced, comparisons of flower and fruit number per node were made within branches and trees over the course of two seasons. Results show that while the largest population of flowers are most distal on the branch, the central portion of the branch contains the majority of the final fruit population and has the lowest coefficient of variation. Furthermore, variation in the number of flowers and fruits is greater between branches than between nodes or trees. The implications of these data on experimental design are discussed and a design is proposed for reducing variation and labor needs.
DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SIMULATION MODELS
Authors: Kobayashi Kent D. 
Published: February 2019

A simulation model consists of equations that represent the important relationships between components in a system, e.g., a plant or plant part. One of the purposes of simulation models is to simulate plant growth or plant growth processes to help further our understanding of plant growth and development. Simulation models are mechanistic or process based models that account for the physiological processes occurring in the system.Model development involves several steps. We define the problem and defuse the system, its entities, their attributes, and important relationships. A conceptual model is often expressed visually in a relational diagram showing the components and their relationships. This diagram is formally expressed as a simulation model through the use of equations repenting the relationships in the system. We often make assumptions regarding the components and their relationships to simply the model or because of a lack of knowledge. Simulation models are generally written using a simulation language such as CSMP or STELLA® or with a programming language such as FORTRAN or BASIC. The model is verified through checking the appropriateness of the relationships and the integrity of the computer program. The model is then validated through seeing bow well it simulates the behavior of the system. Simulation models provide additional insights by enabling us to ask “What if” questions by changing of the conditions of the model and seeing the resulting changes in plant growth.
LILACS AND OTHER WOODY ORNAMENTAL FOR ALL SEASONS
Authors: Rogers Owen M. 
Published: February 2019

Current lilac breeding programs at the University of New Hampshire focus on the later (June) blooming species of Syringa with goals of extending the season of bloom selecting slower growing forms and developing lines with double flowers. Progress toward these goals and others, e.g., true dwarfs, will be discussed and illustrated.Every university in the northeast includes woody ornamentals in its program to some degree. The University of New Hampshire is an official test site for ornamental from NE-9 and NC-7 germplasm programs and the National Arboretum's new introduction program. The value of these programs and their future direction will be discussed.
SELECTION OF MAYHAW, CRATAEGUS OPACA L., FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL ECOSYSTEMS.
Authors: Baker Marvin L. 
Published: February 2019

In North America, cultivation of Mayhaws (Crataegus opaca L.) is rare; most commercial harvest is taken from the wild. Crataegus opaca is distributed in northeast Texas, east Texas and southeast Texas along the flood plains of the Angelina and Neuches rivers and their watersheds. Mayhaws are difficult to define due to unusual factors relating to reproduction, including apomixis, or the development of an embryo from cells other than sex cells. Mayhaws are valued for economic use as food, medicine and ornamentals. Since the hawthorn has shown extremely low toxicity in every animal tested, the discovery of isolated constituents thru research has caused pharmacological interest. A small orchard plot of selections with ripened fruit measuring larger than 2.5 cm up to 3.1 cm with bright red or pink color is being established for selecting possible cultivars for medicinal or food uses.
Five Crataegus opaca selections were collected due to showing spurtype, large fruits and thornlessness. Yearly production of fruit was noted for five years (even after late freezes) while selections grew in Taggert's Flat, Neuches river bottom, Angelina County. Seedlings are being grafted for further evaluations and uses in sustainable agricultural ecosystems.
OPTIMIZING CALLUS INITIATION USING STOLON NODAL SEGMENTS OF BUFFALOGRASS NE84-609 AND A RESPONSE SURFACE DESIGN
Authors: Moore Ronald W. , Eskridge K.M. , Read P.E. , Riordan T.P. 
Published: February 2019

The concept that greater callus mass will induce competence was investigated. The second most immature nodal segments were removed from heavily fertigatcd greenhouse grown plants. Shoots initiated from those nodes were only cut back to one-third their total length. They were subjected to the following treatments: (1) dicamba from 1μM to 5μM in increments of 1.0; (2) B5 medium salt concentrations from 1/3x to 5/3x in increments of 1/3; (3) sucrose levels from 2% to 10% in increments of 2; (4) casein hydrolysate from 0 to 200mg/l in increments of 50. The experiment consisted of twenty-five different treatment combinations in a central composite rotatable second order design. Explants were placed in continuous cool white fluorescent light at 26°C. Dicamba, B5 salts, and sucrose had significant effects on callus mass (p<.12), while casein hydrolysate had no notable effects on callus mass (p ≥ .57). It was determined that optimum response occurred at 5/3x concentration of B5 salts, 10% sucrose, and 5.0μM dicamba. White, compact calli were observed in treatment combinations that yielded callus fresh weights of two-hundred milligrams or higher.
VOLATILES PRODUCED BY CARNATION FLOWERS TREATED WITH 2,4-D
Authors: Sacalis John N. 
Published: February 2019

It has previously been demonstrated that exceedingly high concentrations of 2,4-D, when taken up by cut carnations, inhibit petal senescence, while application of low concentrations of this synthetic auxin promote petal senescence. The mode of action of such high concentrations of 2,4-D has not been elucidated. In previous work, it was observed that significant amounts of volatiles always emanated from those flowers treated with high 2,4-D, and which displayed inhibition of ethylene synthesis as well as petal senescence. In the present work, the headspace of treated flowers was therefore tested by gas chromatography after enclosure for a short period of time. Two of the major constituents of the volatiles produced by the treated flowers were found to be ethanol and acetaldehyde. Since ethanol has formerly been shown to delay senescence in carnation flowers, and since 2,4-D has been shown to induce alcohol dehydrogenase, it is suggested that the mode of action of 2,4-D in this case is by means of the ethanol produced as a result of the 2,4-D treatment.
EFFECTS OF DORMEX ON REPLACING LACK OF WINTER CHILLING IN PEACHES ALONG THE GULF COAST
Authors: Powell Arlie A. , Goodrick Scott , Witt James , Dozier William , Murphy Richard 
Published: February 2019

Lack of winter chilling can be a serious problem for commercial peach producers in the Southeast. Studies were conducted over 3 years (1989-91) to evaluate the effects of hydrogen cyanamide (Dormex-SKW) on replacing lack of winter chilling on 7 varieties of peaches. This study specifically reports on the effects of hydrogen cyanamide on 'Ruston Red' peach, a 850-hour variety.
Results from 1990 studies using whole tree sprays to the point of runoff indicated a problem with the efficacy and phytotoxicity. In 1991, a combination of hydrogen cyanamide (49%) rates (0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4% V/V) and timings (0, 25, 50 and 75% of chilling level) were evaluated using 7-year-old 'Ruston Red' peach trees. Only 590 hours of chilling at 7.3°C and lower were accumulated at this site. Rates of 0.5 75% (actually only 70%) chilling level induced full cropping while control trees produced practically no crop.
EVAPORATIVE COOLING AND CYANAMIDE ON BUDBREAK AND MATURATION OF GRAPEVINE, CV. PERLETTE.
Authors: Osorio Guadalupe , Díaz Daniel H. 
Published: February 2019

Chilling accumulation infuence dormancy of grapevines and determines budbreak. Under desert conditions, hydrogen cyanamide (H2CN2) improve bud opening. To increase even further the quantity and uniformity of bud break, the effect of fall evap rative cooling (EC) alone or in combination with H2CN2(2.5%v/v was evaluated. Microsplinklers operated for 40 seconds at 10 min intervals from 10:00 h to 17:00 h, from 20 oct to 18 dec 1990. H2CN2 was applied on 21 dec, one day after pruning.
Cyanamide treated plants or with the chemical + EC, had 19% and 32% budbreak, respectively, by jan 15. Control or EC vines opened until feb 20, and reached 40% and 57% final values by mar 25. Therefore, cyanamide and EC acted sinergisti cally to open buds earlier and uniformily, although not on final budbreak.
Harvest started may 8 with cyanamide + EC, five days earlier than cyanamide alone; by may 13, accumulated harvest was 39% and 13% respectively, and of 92% and 77% by may 28. Control vines with or without EC, were harvested early may to mid june.
FLOWERING AND GROWTH REGULATOR RESPONSE IN `FREEDOM' COMPARED TO OTHER POINSETTIA CULTIVARS
Authors: Barrett James E. , Nell Terril A. 
Published: February 2019

Euphorbia pulcherrima cvs. Freedom, SUPJIBI, and Celebrate 2 were sprayed with paclobutrazol or a tank mix of daminozide and chlormequat at week 40, 41, 42, 43, or 44. Application time had little effect on plant size. The tank mix had greater efficacy on `Freedom' but not on the other cultivars. Interactions for bract size indicated: 1) time of application had less effect on `Freedom', 2) there was little difference between the chemicals on `SUPJIBI', but the tank mix had greater efficacy on the other cultivars, and 3) the tank mix had greater efficacy than paclobutrazol during weeks 41, 42, and 43.
`Freedom', `Celebrate 2', `SUPJIBI', and `V-14 Glory' were planted on 8 or 15 Aug. and placed under short days on 12, 19, or 26 Sept. `Freedom' reached anthesis between 30 Oct. and 6 Nov., about 5 days before `SUPJIBI' and `Celebrate 2' and 7-10 days ahead of `V-14 Glory'. `Freedom' planted in Aug. and given short days 14 days apart flowered only 7 days apart (40 to 47 days from start of short days), but when planted in Sept. flowering was in 54 days and each long day resulted in 1 day delay in flowering.
PHENOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF PLANTS TO THERMAL GRADIENTS
Authors: McWilliams Edward L. 
Published: February 2019

Controversy over regional climatic change (RCC) and the direction of RCC continues. Models that predict how local plants would respond to defined regional climatic warming (RCW) would be useful.
The urban heat island intensity (UHII) has been documented in a number of cities including Houston, Texas, Phoenix, Arizona, St. Louis, Missouri, and Gainesville, Florida. We studies the phenological response of selected horticultural plants growing along urban/rural thermal gradients in several cities where the UHII had previously been defined. Deciduous plants flowered earlier in the spring and retained their leaves longer in the fall in warmer urban areas than they did in adjacent rural areas.
The phenological response of local plants to known thermal gradients appears to be a useful model of the phenological effects of potential RCW.