bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanoplastic removal function and the mechanical nature of colloidal silica slurry polishing
Authors: Shen Nan , Feigenbaum Eyal , Suratwala Tayyab , Steele William , Wong Lana , Feit Michael D. , Miller Phil E. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe nanomechanical deformations on a broad range of optical material surfaces (single crystals of Al2O3 [sapphire], SiC, Y3Al5O12 [YAG], CaF2, and LiB3O5 [LBO]; a SiO2–Al2O3–P2O5–Li2O glass‐ceramics [Zerodur]; and glasses of SiO2:TiO2 [ULE], SiO2 [fused silica], and P2O5–Al2O3–K2O–BaO [Phosphate]) near the elastic‐plastic load boundary have been measured by nanoindentation and nanoscratching to mimic the nanoplastic removal caused by a single slurry particle during polishing. Nanoindenation in air was performed to determine the workpiece hardness at various loads using a commercial nanoindenter with a Berkovich tip. Similarly, an atomic force microscope (AFM) with a stiff diamond coated tip (150 nm radius) was used to produce nanoplastic scratches in air and aqueous environments over a range of applied loads (~20‐170 μN). The resulting nanoplastic deformation of the nanoscratches were used to calculate the removal function (i.e., depth per pass) which ranged from 0.18 to 3.6 nm per pass for these materials. A linear correlation between the nanoplastic removal function and the polishing rate (using a fixed polishing process with colloidal silica slurry on a polyurethane pad) of these materials was observed implying that: (a) the polishing mechanism using colloidal silica slurry can be dominated by mechanical rather than chemical interactions; and (b) the nanoplastic removal function, as opposed to interface particle interactions, is the controlling factor for the polishing material removal rate. Furthermore, this correlation is consistent with the Ensemble Hertzian Multi‐Gap (EHMG) microscopic material removal rate model described previously. The nanoplastic removal depth was also found to correlate to the measured nanoindentation hardness (H1) of the optical material, scaling as H1−3.5. Two‐dimensional (2D) finite element analysis simulations of nanoindentation showed a similar nonlinear dependence of plastic deformation with the workpiece material hardness. The findings of this study are used to determine an effective Preston coefficient for the material removal rate expression and enhance the predictive nature of the nanoplastic polishing rate for various materials utilizing their material properties.
Niche differentiation among clones in asexual grass thrips
Authors: van der Kooi Casper J. , Ghali Karim , Amptmeijer David , Schwander Tanja 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMany asexual animal populations comprise a mixture of genetically different lineages, but to what degree this genetic diversity leads to ecological differences remains often unknown. Here, we test whether genetically different clonal lineages of Aptinothrips grass thrips differ in performance on a range of plants used as hosts in natural populations. We find a clear clone‐by‐plant species interactive effect on reproductive output, meaning that clonal lineages perform differently on different plant species and thus are characterized by disparate ecological niches. This implies that local clonal diversities can be driven and maintained by frequency‐dependent selection and that resource heterogeneity can generate diverse clone assemblies.
Polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor gene (FOKI,CDX2, and GATA) and susceptibility to chronic periodontitis in diabetic and non‐diabetic individuals: A case‐control study
Authors: Pinho Roberto C. M. , Dias Rayanne S. A. de M. , Bandeira Francisco , Farias Rodrigues Jessyca K. , da Silva Ronaldo C. , Crovella Sergio , dos Santos Erinaldo U. D. , Cimões Renata 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the distribution of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) (variants FOKI [rs2228570], CDX2 [rs47908762], and GATA [rs4516035]) in the vitamin D receptor in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic periodontitis (DM2 + CP), CP alone, and healthy individuals, and to investigate the relationship with susceptibility to CP.MethodsIn total, 280 individuals (116 with DM2 + CP, 95 with CP alone, and 69 healthy individuals) were genotyped using real‐time polymerase chain reaction with allele‐specific probes. Significant differences (P < .05) were found among the groups with regard to socio‐epidemiological variables (sex, marital status, income, smoking habit, and schooling) and clinical‐epidemiological variables (age, number of teeth, probing depth, clinical attachment loss, gingival bleeding index, and visible plaque index).ResultsThe C allele was significantly more frequent among the healthy individuals (34.8%) than those with DM2 + CP (23.5%) (odds ratio [OR] = .58, 95% confidence interval [CI]: . 35‐.94, P = .022). Likewise, the CC allele was significantly more frequent among healthy individuals (11.6%) than those with DM2 + CP (2.6%) (OR = .17, 95% CI: .03‐.79, P = .015).ConclusionThe results suggest that the presence of these variants could lead to a lower susceptibility to DM2 and CP. No other significant differences among groups were found for the other SNP investigated.
The Sociomaterial Negotiation of Social Entrepreneurs’ Meaningful Work
Authors: Symon Gillian , Whiting Rebecca 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis research examines the role of digital technology in the constitution of meaningful work. Adopting a sociomaterial perspective, we argue that meaningful work emerges as an outcome of a complex negotiation between individuals and their digital devices. This process was explored through video diaries and interviews with social entrepreneurs, capturing moments of their everyday meaning‐making and encouraging reflexivity. Accounting for their sociomaterial practice led participants to reaffirm their work as uniquely meaningful, produce more nuanced accounts of meaningfulness and/or make pragmatic adjustments to their meaning making. Whilst authenticity was a key meta‐narrative in these accounts, it also produced tensional knots which, in their unravelling, required the adoption of more practicable meanings of work. The paper concludes by urging scholars to de‐centre the human from their analysis to provide a more complete account of meaningful work.
The Five Paradoxes of Meaningful Work: Introduction to the special Issue ‘Meaningful Work: Prospects for the 21st Century’
Authors: Bailey Catherine , Lips‐Wiersma Marjolein , Madden Adrian , Yeoman Ruth , Thompson Marc , Chalofsky Neal 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this introduction to the Journal of Management Studies Special Issue on Meaningful Work, we explain the imperative for a deeper understanding of meaningfulness within the context of the current sociopolitical environment, coupled with the growing use of organizational strategies aimed at ‘managing the soul’. Meaningful work remains a contested topic that has been the subject of attention in a wide range of disciplines. The focus of this Special Issue is the advancement of theory and evidence about the nature, causes, consequences, and processes of meaningful work. We summarize the contributions of each of the seven articles that comprise the Special Issue and, in particular, note their methodological and theoretical plurality. In conclusion, we set forth a future research agenda based on five fundamental paradoxes of meaningful work.
Adolescent Profiles of Marginalization and Connection at School: Relations With Academics and Mental Health
Authors: Polk Whitney , Hill Nancy E. , Price Maggi , Liang Belle , Perella John , Savitz‐Romer Mandy 
Published: October 2018

School context serves as a testing ground for exploring social relationships and satisfying needs for connection and affirmation, but often includes feelings of rejection. With a diverse high school sample (n = 645; 55% female; 61% White, 18% African American, 10% Latino, 10% Asian American, 1% Multiracial), patterns of experiences with marginalization and connection were identified and their associations with achievement and mental health examined. Using two‐step cluster analysis, three clusters were identified:above the fray,exposed and protected, andtargeted and unsupported. Ethnic/racial background was not related to cluster membership. Except for gender and well‐being, associations between cluster membership and outcomes were similar across demographic background. The above the fray and the exposed and protected clusters were associated with better outcomes.
Orexin receptor antagonists for the treatment of insomnia and potential treatment of other neuropsychiatric indications
Authors: Herring W. Joseph , Roth Thomas , Krystal Andrew D. , Michelson David 
Published: October 2018

SummaryIn this review, we outline the role of orexin receptor antagonists in disorders of sleep/wake and other potential neuropsychiatric conditions, with a focus on suvorexant, which is currently the only approved agent in this class. The efficacy of suvorexant was established in Phase 2–3 trials with treatment durations ranging from 1 to 12 months in patients with insomnia. Suvorexant is effective at improving sleep assessed by patient self‐report and by polysomnography, with generally little effect on underlying sleep architecture. The main side‐effect is next day somnolence. With the growing realization of the important connections between sleep and other disorders, studies are ongoing to explore this novel mechanism in other disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and depression.
Molecular determinants of microvascular dysfunction in hypertensive pregnancy and preeclampsia
Authors: Yu Wentao , Gao Wei , Rong Dan , Wu Zhixian , Khalil Raouf A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPreeclampsia is a pregnancy‐related disorder characterized by hypertension and often fetal intrauterine growth restriction, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Defective placentation and apoptosis of invasive cytotrophoblasts cause inadequate remodeling of spiral arteries, placental ischemia, and reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP).RUPPcauses imbalance between the anti‐angiogenic factors soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 and soluble endoglin and the pro‐angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor and placental growth factor, and stimulates the release of proinflammatory cytokines, hypoxia‐inducible factor, reactive oxygen species, and angiotensinAT1receptor agonistic autoantibodies. These circulating factors target the vascular endothelium, smooth muscle and various components of the extracellular matrix. Generalized endotheliosis in systemic, renal, cerebral, and hepatic vessels causes decreases in endothelium‐derived vasodilators such as nitric oxide, prostacyclin and hyperpolarization factor, and increases in vasoconstrictors such as endothelin‐1 and thromboxane A2. Enhanced mechanisms of vascular smooth muscle contraction, such as intracellular Ca2+, protein kinase C, and Rho‐kinase cause further increases in vasoconstriction. Changes in matrix metalloproteinases and extracellular matrix cause inadequate vascular remodeling and increased arterial stiffening, leading to further increases in vascular resistance and hypertension. Therapeutic options are currently limited, but understanding the molecular determinants of microvascular dysfunction could help in the design of new approaches for the prediction and management of preeclampsia.
Heteroresistance to the model antimicrobial peptide polymyxin B in the emerging Neisseria meningitidis lineage 11.2 urethritis clade: mutations in the pilMNOPQ operon
Authors: Tzeng Yih‐Ling , Berman Zachary , Toh Evelyn , Bazan Jose A. , Turner Abigail Norris , Retchless Adam C. , Wang Xin , Nelson David E. , Stephens David S. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryClusters of Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) urethritis among primarily heterosexual males in multiple US cities have been attributed to a unique non‐encapsulated meningococcal clade (the US Nm urethritis clade, US_NmUC) within the hypervirulent clonal complex 11. Resistance to antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is a key feature of urogenital pathogenesis of the closely related species, Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The US_NmUC isolates were found to be highly resistant to the model AMP, polymyxin B (PmB, MICs 64–256 µg ml–1). The isolates also demonstrated stable subpopulations of heteroresistant colonies that showed near total resistant to PmB (MICs 384–1024 µg ml–1) and colistin (MIC 256 µg ml–1) as well as enhanced LL‐37 resistance. This is the first observation of heteroresistance in N. meningitidis. Consistent with previous findings, overall PmB resistance in US_NmUC isolates was due to active Mtr efflux and LptA‐mediated lipid A modification. However, whole genome sequencing, variant analyses and directed mutagenesis revealed that the heteroresistance phenotypes and very high‐level AMP resistance were the result of point mutations and IS1655 element movement in the pilMNOPQ operon, encoding the type IV pilin biogenesis apparatus. Cross‐resistance to other classes of antibiotics was also observed in the heteroresistant colonies. High‐level resistance to AMPs may contribute to the pathogenesis of US_NmUC.
Invasive mucormycosis in children with cancer: A retrospective study from the Infection Working Group of Italian Pediatric Hematology Oncology Association
Authors: Muggeo Paola , Calore Elisabetta , Decembrino Nunzia , Frenos Stefano , De Leonardis Francesco , Colombini Antonella , Petruzziello Fara , Perruccio Katia , Berger Massimo , Burnelli Roberta , Zanazzo Giulio A. , Santoro Nicola , Cesaro Simone 
Published: October 2018

SummaryBackgroundInvasive mucormycosis is a rare but frequently fatal fungal disease. The acute and rapidly progressive evolution causes unfavourable outcome in 22%‐59% of patients and its treatment represents a clinical challenge, especially in immunocompromised patients. Current data in paediatric oncological patients are limited.ObjectivesThe infection Working Group of the Italian Association of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology (AIEOP) analysed the episodes of invasive mucormycosis occurred between 2009 and 2016.PatientsFifteen cases of proven mucormycosis (male/female 8/7; median age 14.1 years, range 7.7‐18.6) were reported after chemotherapy for acute leukaemia and lymphoma (12) and allogeneic stem cell transplantation (3). The aetiology was Rhizopus oryzae 4, Lichtheimia corymbifera 3 and Mucor spp. 8.ResultsParanasal sinus was the primary site of infection in 14/15 patients combined with orbital involvement (9), central nervous system (8), lung (4), thyroid gland and kidney (1). All patients received liposomal Amphotericin B (L‐AmB) (3‐10 mg/kg), with surgical debridement in 14/15 cases. Eleven patients received maintenance treatment with posaconazole (9) or isavuconazole (2). Eight out of fifteen patients (53.3%) died, after 3‐6 months.ConclusionsMucormycosis involved mainly the sinu‐orbital site and affected children >10 years. Despite aggressive treatment with high‐dose L‐AmB and timely surgical debridement, the mortality rate remains still high.
Natural variation in a molybdate transporter controls grain molybdenum concentration in rice
Authors: Huang Xin‐Yuan , Liu Huan , Zhu Yu‐Fei , Pinson Shannon R. M. , Lin Hong‐Xuan , Guerinot Mary Lou , Zhao Fang‐Jie , Salt David E. 
Published: October 2018

Summary

Molybdenum (Mo) is an essential micronutrient for most living organisms, including humans. Cereals such as rice (Oryza sativa) are the major dietary source of Mo. However, little is known about the genetic basis of the variation in Mo content in rice grain.

We mapped a quantitative trait locus (QTL) qGMo8 that controls Mo accumulation in rice grain by using a recombinant inbred line population and a backcross introgression line population.

We identified a molybdate transporter, OsMOT1;1, as the causal gene for this QTL. OsMOT1;1 exhibits transport activity for molybdate, but not sulfate, when heterogeneously expressed in yeast cells. OsMOT1;1 is mainly expressed in roots and is involved in the uptake and translocation of molybdate under molybdate‐limited condition. Knockdown of OsMOT1;1 results in less Mo being translocated to shoots, lower Mo concentration in grains and higher sensitivity to Mo deficiency. We reveal that the natural variation of Mo concentration in rice grains is attributed to the variable expression of OsMOT1;1 due to sequence variation in its promoter.

Identification of natural allelic variation in OsMOT1;1 may facilitate the development of rice varieties with Mo‐enriched grain for dietary needs and improve Mo nutrition of rice on Mo‐deficient soils.
Prenatal high molecular weight phthalates and bisphenol A, and childhood respiratory and allergic outcomes
Authors: Berger Kimberly , Eskenazi Brenda , Balmes John , Kogut Katie , Holland Nina , Calafat Antonia M. , Harley Kim G. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of asthma and allergy is increasing in US children. In utero exposure to chemicals used in personal care products and plastics may contribute to increase in these diseases.MethodsWe quantified urinary concentrations of eight phthalate metabolites and bisphenol A in mothers twice during pregnancy in 1999‐2000 in Salinas, California. We assessed probable asthma, aeroallergies, eczema, and spirometry in their children at age 7, and measured T helper 1 and T helper 2 cells in blood at ages 2, 5, and 7 (N = 392). We employed Bayesian model averaging to select confounders from additional biomarkers measured in this population and controlled for them in logistic and linear regressions.ResultsMonocarboxyisooctyl phthalate was associated with increased odds for probable asthma (odds ratio: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.12, 2.12), and with lower forced expiratory volume in one second (β: −0.09 L, 95% CI: −0.15, −0.03) and forced expiratory flow from 25% to 75% of forced vital capacity (β: −7.06 L/s, 95% CI: −11.04, −2.90). Several other associations were attenuated in final models that controlled for additional biomarkers.ConclusionMonocarboxyisooctyl phthalate was associated with lower respiratory health after controlling for related chemical exposure, which suggests that confounding by multiple chemical exposures should be considered in future research.
Outcome of children with rhinovirus detection prior to allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant
Authors: Mowrer Clayton , Lee Brian R. , Goyal Rakesh , Selvarangan Rangaraj , Schuster Jennifer E. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRhinoviruses are commonly detected in symptomatic and asymptomatic children prior to HCT. Unlike pre‐HCT detection of other respiratory viruses, it is not known whether RV detection, with or without clinical symptoms, is associated with worse outcomes in children post‐HCT. In a retrospective study of children undergoing allogeneic HCT from January 2009 to February 2015, 91 children underwent allogeneic HCT, and 62 children had RPP testing within 30 days pre‐HCT. Fifty‐six (90%) children had either no pathogen (n = 34, 55%) or single RV detection (n = 22, 35%), which was the most common pathogen identified. Compared with virus negative children, children with pre‐HCT RV detection were not more likely to require ventilated support and did not have longer length of stay, higher mortality, or less days alive and out of the hospital within the first 100 days post‐HCT. In a secondary analysis of all 56 patients with RPP testing and no pathogen or RV alone detected, the seven children with LRTI had less days alive and out of the hospital within the first 100 days post‐HCT compared with the 49 children who were either asymptomatic or had URTI (10 vs 60 days, P = 0.002). In a bootstrapped regression model, presence of LRTI, not RV detection, was significantly associated with decreased days alive and out of the hospital within the first 100 days post‐HCT. Thus, pre‐HCT detection of RV, without associated LRTI, does not always warrant HCT delay.
Emerging arboviruses and implications for pediatric transplantation: A review
Authors: Freeman Megan Culler , Coyne Carolyn B. , Green Michael , Williams John V. , Silva Laurie A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRecent years have brought a rise in newly emergent viral infections, primarily in the form of previously known arthropod‐transmitted viruses that have increased significantly in both incidence and geographical range. Of particular note are DENV, CHIKV, and ZIKV, which are transmitted mostly by Aedes species of mosquitoes that exhibit a wide and increasing global distribution. Being important pathogens for the general population, these viruses have the potential to be devastating in the international transplant community, with graft rejection and death as possible outcomes of infection. In this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge for these viruses as well as repercussions of infection in the solid organ and HSCT population, with a focus, when possible, on pediatric patients.
Diagnosis of plant diseases using the Nanopore sequencing platform
Authors: Chalupowicz L. , Dombrovsky A. , Gaba V. , Luria N. , Reuven M. , Beerman A. , Lachman O. , Dror O. , Nissan G. , Manulis‐Sasson S. 
Published: October 2018

Reliable detection and identification of plant pathogens are essential for disease control strategies. Diagnostic methods commonly used to detect plant pathogens have limitations such as requirement of prior knowledge of the genome sequence, low sensitivity and a restricted ability to detect several pathogens simultaneously. The development of advanced DNA sequencing technologies has enabled determination of total nucleic acid content in biological samples. The possibility of using the single‐molecule sequencing platform of Oxford Nanopore as a general method for diagnosis of plant diseases was examined. It was tested by sequencing DNA or RNA isolated from tissues with symptoms from plants of several families inoculated with known pathogens (e.g. bacteria, viruses, fungi, phytoplasma). Additionally, samples of groups of 200 seeds containing one infected seed of each of two or three pathogens, as well as samples with symptoms but unidentified pathogens were tested. Sequencing results were analysed with Nanopore data analysis tools. In all the inoculated plants, pathogens were identified in real time within 1–2 h of running the Nanopore sequencer and were classified to the species or genus level. DNA sequencing or direct RNA sequencing of samples with unidentified disease agents were validated by conventional diagnostic procedures (e.g. PCR, ELISA, Koch test), which supported the results obtained by Nanopore sequencing. The advantages of this technology include: long read lengths, fast run times, portability, low cost and the possibility of use in every laboratory. This study indicates that adoption of the Nanopore platform will be greatly advantageous for routine laboratory diagnosis.