bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Twenty‐two years’ experience registering trials in a low‐middle income country: The Peruvian Clinical Trial Registry
Authors: Alarcon‐Ruiz Christoper A. , Roque‐Roque Joel Sack , Heredia Paula , Gómez‐Briceño Angie Roxana , Quispe Antonio M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimThis study analyzes the quantitative and qualitative evolution of the Peruvian Clinical Trial Registry during the last 22 years.MethodsFollowing a cross‐sectional design, we reviewed all clinical trials registered at the Peruvian Clinical Trial Registry during 1995‐2017. We downloaded and extracted all registries on 31 March 2018. We summarized qualitative variables and quantitative variables. Also, we performed trends analysis of the records by year, clinical phase, institutional review board, and children's participation.ResultsThe Peruvian Clinical Trial Registry recorded 1748 clinical trials during 1995‐2017. Considering World Health Organization 20‐standard descriptors as the standard, the registry suitably recorded four of them in 1995 and 19 since 2013. There was a meaningful change in the trend of the registries, showing a significant upward registry trend until 2008 and a significant downward registry trend since then. This trend could be influenced by new regulation in clinical trials registry. Several trials had incomplete entries for different studied variables. Most of the clinical trials (82%) included male and female participants, and only 14% included children. Oncological disorders were the diseases most frequently investigated (20%). Most of clinical trials were registered by pharmaceutical companies. A few institutional review boards evaluated most of the clinical trials.ConclusionThe registration of clinical trials in Peru has improved quantitatively and qualitatively since it started, but its quantitative grow stopped in 2008. Since then, the number of registries has declined steadily. There is an influence of pharmaceutical companies in clinical trial registration.
Comparison between microwave‐cooking and steam‐cooking on starch properties and in vitro starch digestibility of cooked pigmented rice
Authors: Thuengtung Sukanya , Matsushita Yoshitaka , Ogawa Yukiharu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe influence of two types of cooking method, that is, steam‐cooking and microwave‐cooking, on the morphological structure, starch fractions, and starch digestibility of cooked Thai pigmented rice (three cultivars) was examined. The relationship between starch hydrolysis and change in X‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, including the change of crystallinity degree during in vitro digestion, was also investigated. The results indicated that the cooked rice morphological structure and starch hydrolysis rate during in vitro digestion was varied by the cooking method. All non‐waxy rice cultivars exhibited Vh‐type crystallinity, whereas, no crystalline peak was detected in the waxy rice cultivar. However, the XRD pattern and crystallinity degree of steam‐cooked rice were dramatically changed after simulated small intestinal digestion for 360 and 480 min when compared with microwave‐cooked rice. Moreover, steam‐cooked rice showed a significantly lower percentage of equilibrium starch hydrolysis than that of the microwave‐cooked rice.Practical applicationsRice attributes and change of crystallinity in XRD pattern during in vitro digestion have found to correlate with rice starch digestibility, which varied depending on rice cooking methods. Steam‐cooking could enhance the degree of crystallinity during in vitro digestion, which would affect to retard rice starch digestion. This finding is interesting for the consumer on the selection of the optimized cooking process that promotes a healthier effect.
Novel packaging systems in grape storage—A review
Authors: Cui Haiying , Abdel‐Samie Mohamed Abdel‐Shafi , Lin Lin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGrape (Vitis vinefera L.) is a fruit popularly consumed around the world, known for its bioavailability and anticancer properties during its phenolic antioxidants. During storage period, respiration and transpiration does not stop, which result in the loss of water and solutes from the stored grapes. In addition to the microbial contamination including fungus growth and production of ochratoxin A (OTA) on grapes berries' surfaces, which is considered as the main quality deterioration factors for grapes and for human health. Being susceptibility for quality deterioration and spoilage factors made grapes a short shelf life berries. SO2 classically was used to preserve table grapes but having a metal corrosive effects, berry injury causing, browning of the berries, and the formation of off‐flavors and acute toxicity created the need for safer and environment friendly novel packaging systems for preserving grapes. Irradiation, modified atmosphere, spraying, immersing and dipping, and coating of grapes were reported in this review.Practical applicationGrape postharvest treatments and different procedures in which grape should be handled starting from the grape vine and up to the consumer's hands were the aim of our review. Comparison between classical methods and modern ones in purpose of showing pros and cons was discussed to call for the modern postharvest treatments and its application to preserve grapes for its benefits was the findings of our study.
Fracture resistance, gap and void formation in root‐filled mandibular molars restored with bulk‐fill resin composites and glass‐ionomer cement base
Authors: Thongbai‐on Nathamon , Chotvorrarak Kanet , Banomyong Danuchit , Burrow Michael F. , Osiri Sittichoke , Pattaravisitsate Nattha 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate fracture resistance and gap/void presence of root‐filled mandibular molars restored with 2 bulk‐fill and 1 conventional resin composites, with or without a glass‐ionomer cement (GIC) base.MethodsCoronal access and mesio‐occlusal (MO) cavities were prepared, then root canal treatment was performed on 30 mol/L. The teeth were randomly divided, according to the cavity volume, into 6 experimental groups (N = 5) and restored with conventional/light‐cured (Ceram‐X), bulk‐fill/light‐cured (SureFil SDR) or bulk‐fill/dual‐cured (Core‐X Flow) with/without a 2‐mm thick GIC base. Gaps and voids (%) were determined using microcomputed tomography. Intact teeth and unrestored teeth were used as negative and positive controls. Fracture load (N) was determined using a universal testing machine.ResultsNo significant difference in fracture resistance or gap/void formation was found among the 3 resin composites. GIC‐base groups revealed significantly lower fracture strength than intact teeth, while fracture strengths of no GIC‐base groups were not significantly different from intact teeth. GIC‐base groups revealed significantly more gaps and voids in the area of the GIC than the resin composite.ConclusionConventional and bulk‐fill resin composites provided similar fracture resistance and gaps/voids in root‐filled molars with MO cavities. Placing a GIC base decreased fracture resistance and increased gap/void formation.
Synaptophysin sustains presynaptic performance by preserving vesicular synaptobrevin‐II levels
Authors: Kokotos Alexandros C. , Harper Callista B. , Marland Jamie R.K. , Smillie Karen J. , Cousin Michael A. , Gordon Sarah L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe two most abundant molecules on synaptic vesicles (SVs) are synaptophysin and synaptobrevin‐II (sybII). SybII is essential for SV fusion, whereas synaptophysin is proposed to control the trafficking of sybII after SV fusion and its retrieval during endocytosis. Despite controlling key aspects of sybII packaging into SVs, the absence of synaptophysin results in negligible effects on neurotransmission. We hypothesised that this apparent absence of effect may be because of the abundance of sybII on SVs, with the impact of inefficient sybII retrieval only revealed during periods of repeated SV turnover. To test this hypothesis, we subjected primary cultures of synaptophysin knockout neurons to repeated trains of neuronal activity, while monitoring SV fusion events and levels of vesicular sybII. We identified a significant decrease in both the number of SV fusion events (monitored using the genetically encoded reporter vesicular glutamate transporter‐pHluorin) and vesicular sybII levels (via both immunofluorescence and Western blotting) using this protocol. This revealed that synaptophysin is essential to sustain both parameters during periods of repetitive SV turnover. This was confirmed by the rescue of presynaptic performance by the expression of exogenous synaptophysin. Importantly, the expression of exogenous sybII also fully restored SV fusion events in synaptophysin knockout neurons. The ability of additional copies of sybII to fully rescue presynaptic performance in these knockout neurons suggests that the principal role of synaptophysin is to mediate the efficient retrieval of sybII to sustain neurotransmitter release.
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Prenatal developmental sequence of the skull of minke whales and its implications for the evolution of mysticetes and the teeth‐to‐baleen transition
Authors: Lanzetti Agnese 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBaleen whales (Mysticeti) have an extraordinary fossil record documenting the transition from toothed raptorial taxa to modern species that bear baleen plates, keratinous bristles employed in filter‐feeding. Remnants of their toothed ancestry can be found in their ontogeny, as they still develop tooth germs in utero. Understanding the developmental transition from teeth to baleen and the associated skull modifications in prenatal specimens of extant species can enhance our understanding of the evolutionary history of this lineage by using ontogeny as a relative proxy of the evolutionary changes observed in the fossil record. Although at present very little information is available on prenatal development of baleen whales, especially regarding tooth resorption and baleen formation, due to a lack of specimens. Here I present the first detailed description of prenatal specimens of minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata and Balaenoptera bonaerensis), focusing on the skull anatomy and tooth germ development, resorption, and baleen growth. The ontogenetic sequence described consists of 10 specimens of both minke whale species, from the earliest fetal stages to full term. The internal skull anatomy of the specimens was visualized using traditional and iodine‐enhanced computed tomography scanning. These high‐quality data allow detailed description of skull development both qualitatively and quantitatively using three‐dimensional landmark analysis. I report distinctive external anatomical changes and the presence of a denser tissue medial to the tooth germs in specimens from the final portion of gestation, which can be interpreted as the first signs of baleen formation (baleen rudiments). Tooth germs are only completely resorbed just before the eruption of the baleen from the gums, and they are still present for a brief period with baleen rudiments. Skull shape development is characterized by progressive elongation of the rostrum relative to the braincase and by the relative anterior movement of the supraoccipital shield, contributing to a defining feature of cetaceans, telescoping. These data aid the interpretation of fossil morphologies, especially of those extinct taxa where there is no direct evidence of presence of baleen, even if caution is needed when comparing prenatal extant specimens with adult fossils. The ontogeny of other mysticete species needs to be analyzed before drawing definitive conclusions about the influence of development on the evolution of this group. Nonetheless, this work is the first step towards a deeper understanding of the most distinctive patterns in prenatal skull development of baleen whales, and of the anatomical changes that accompany the transition from tooth germs to baleen. It also presents comprehensive hypotheses to explain the influence of developmental processes on the evolution of skull morphology and feeding adaptations of mysticetes.
Territorial dynamics and social differentiation among peasants in the northern highlands of Ecuador
Authors: Martínez Valle Luciano , Martínez Godoy Diego 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article addresses the process of social differentiation among peasants who were beneficiaries of the 1960s agrarian reform in the northern highlands of Ecuador. Although peasants obtained access to land that was previously in the hands of the haciendas, the incipient process of social differentiation that arose at that time was not halted. Today, peasants are incorporated into a commercial dynamic through milk production for agribusiness that has deepened the process of social differentiation between communities and within them. The supremacy of economic capital in the social field leads to a crisis in the traditional practices of reciprocity and to the incorporation of productive strategies and new “habitus” of consumption that have generated profound transformations in the territory.
Clinically significant maternal X chromosomal copy number variation detected by noninvasive prenatal test
Authors: Kim Seung‐Chul , Cha Dong‐Hyun , Jeong Hae‐Ryun , Lee Junnam , Jang Ja‐Hyun , Cho Eun‐Hae 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMaternal copy number variation (CNV), especially at the X chromosome is an important cause of false positive noninvasive prenatal test (NIPT) results for sex chromosomal aneuploidy. In addition, some maternal CNV can cause significant anomalies if the male fetus was inherited the X chromosome with CNV. During 1000 high risk Korean NIPT, we incidentally detected two cases of maternal X chromosomal CNV which can cause abnormal phenotype in a male fetus. The first false‐positive NIPT case (47, XXY) was due to a maternal 0.5 Mb duplication at Xq28, including the MECP2 gene. The second is a case of an 8‐Mb deletion on maternal Xq24q25, including GRIA3 and XIAP genes.
Effect of vitamin D supplementation on total and free 25 hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone. An analysis of two randomized controlled trials
Authors: Smith L. M. , Gallagher J. C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundIt is questionable as to whether total serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (T25D) levels are lower in African Americans. We measured serum T25D, free 25hydroxyvitamin D (F25D) and serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) in African American and Caucasian women and studied the effect of vitamin D dosing to determine if differences by race or age occur.MethodsHealthy young and older Caucasian and African American women who were vitamin D insufficient were randomized in two clinical trials to escalating daily doses of vitamin D from 400 to 4800 IU and placebo for 12 months.ResultsBaseline F25D and T25D were significantly lower in young but not older African American compared to Caucasian women. At baseline, the rate of change, or slope, in F25D with T25D was significantly greater in younger women than in older women, but difference in the rate of change in F25D with T25D is similar in African American and Caucasian women. After vitamin D supplementation, there was an increase in F25D, and the dose response was not significantly different by age or race. The ratio of F25D/T25D decreased in all groups once T25D exceeded ~60 nmol L−1. There was a progressive decrease in serum PTH with increasing vitamin D doses and the per cent change was similar for F25D and T25D.ConclusionSerum F25D and T25D are lower in younger African American women, and since dietary vitamin D is similar in the groups, it is likely that the cause of low serum 25OHD in African American women is due to reduced UV exposure and reduced skin production of vitamin D.
Configurations of Autonomy and Relatedness in a Multiethnic U.S. Sample of Parent–Adolescent Dyads
Authors: Tran Steve P. , Raffaelli Marcela 
Published: June 2019

Configurations of autonomy and relatedness were explored in 232 adolescent–parent dyads. Youth (58% female) were 13–18 years old and ethnically diverse (38% Latino American, 32% European American, 30% African American). Cluster analysis was used to identify three distinct groups based on youth and parent reports of parental autonomy support and family relatedness. The three clusters differed on key demographics (e.g., parent education and income, immigrant background, ethnicity) and theoretically relevant indicators of family and individual functioning (e.g., parent and youth reports of decision making and family obligations; youth‐reported attachment and minor delinquency). Findings provide empirical support for theoretical models of autonomy–relatedness (e.g.,Journal of Cross‐Cultural Psychology, 36, 2005, 403) and contribute to understanding of how autonomy and relatedness intersect to influence adolescent and family adaptation.
Career‐Related Parental Processes and Career Adaptability and Ambivalence Among Chinese Adolescents: A Person‐Centered Approach
Authors: Zhou Nan , Cao Hongjian , Nie Yangang , Li Xiaomin , Yu Shulin , Liang Yue , Deng Linyuan , Buehler Cheryl , Zang Ning , Sun Ruixi , Fang Xiaoyi 
Published: June 2019

Using latent profile analyses and based on two‐wave data from 5,388 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 15.79, SD = 0.66; 51.99% females), this study examined the variety of ways in which adolescents’ perceived career‐related parental processes (i.e., parental expectations, support, interference, barriers to engagement, and parent–child congruence) may be configured within families and how such configurations may be associated with adolescents’ career adaptability and ambivalence one year later. Three meaningful profiles were identified: the “Supportive but not Intrusive” (SNI) profile, the “Unsupportive but not Permissive” (UNP) profile, and the “Ambivalent and Controlling” (AC) profile. Adolescents in the UNP profile reported higher levels of career ambivalence and lower levels of career adaptability than did those in either the SNI or the AC profiles. Implications for career development among Chinese adolescents were discussed.
The association between baby care books that promote strict care routines and infant feeding, night‐time care, and maternal–infant interactions
Authors: Harries Victoria , Brown Amy 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBaby care books that promote strict infant care routines are popular, but little research has considered their impact upon maternal infant care behaviours. We explored whether mothers who have read these books guide their infant care behaviours based on their concepts and how this is associated with infant feeding, night‐time care, and response to infant's needs. Three hundred and fifty‐four U.K. mothers with a baby aged 0–12 months completed an online questionnaire exploring use of baby care books, motivations for use, whether guidance was followed, and infant care behaviours. Mothers who read the books were drawn to them for information about how to settle their infant, infant sleep, and infant feeding behaviour. Those who read the books were less likely to breastfeed, feed responsively, have their infant sleep in the same room, cuddle their infant to sleep, or respond promptly to infant cries. Although the causality between reading these books and care cannot be determined through this study design, and is likely bidirectional with some reading the books to confirm existing preferences, around 25–40% of mothers noted the information determined their care decisions. Regardless of specific causal pathways, there is an association between these books and behaviours that go against infant feeding and responsive care recommendations. Understanding what drives mothers to follow these books and increasing support for new mothers in these areas is important. The findings will be important for those supporting mothers in the perinatal period in starting conversations around responsive infant care.
Body pedagogics: embodied learning for the health professions
Authors: Kelly Martina , Ellaway Rachel , Scherpbier Albert , King Nigel , Dornan Tim 
Published: June 2019

Medicine as Embodied PracticeBodily dysfunctions bring patients to their doctors and even diseases of the mind can originate in patients’ bodies. Doctors respond by using their own bodies – hands, eyes, ears and sometimes noses – to make diagnoses and treat diseases. Yet, despite the embodied nature of practice, medicine typically treats the body as an object, paying scant attention to the subjective embodied experiences of patients and doctors. Much health professions education (HPE) reflects this, prioritising cognition over learners’ sense of embodiment. Hence there is a gap between the embodied realities of practice and the disembodied nature of medical education. This article introduces readers to ‘body pedagogics’ as a framework that can help to re‐establish embodiment as a central principle of HPE.Body PedagogicsThis embodiment theory, drawn from sociology, anthropology and phenomenology, has informed such disparate fields as glassblowing education and military training. Body pedagogics emphasises learning as a physically embodied process. It illustrates how multisensory experience causes embodied changes that become an automatic part of physician expertise. We introduce core body pedagogic concepts using physical examination as an example, examining the bodily means of HPE, students’ bodily experiences and the resulting bodily changes.ImplicationsBody pedagogics can help us to focus attention on embodiment as a central principle of HPE that transcends the discipline‐specific teaching of clinical skills. Moreover, it provides a set of conceptual foundations for an interdisciplinary practice within HPE with implications for instructional design. Body pedagogics can also help us to make strange the habits and disregarded aspects of embodied learning and in so doing help us to consider embodiment more critically and directly in practice and education, and in the ways we research them.
Evolutionary associations between polyploidy, clonal reproduction, and perenniality in the angiosperms
Authors: Van Drunen Wendy E. , Husband Brian C. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryClonal reproduction is thought to facilitate polyploid establishment in the angiosperms, but the evolutionary relationship between polyploidy and clonality has not been thoroughly tested. A perennial life history may confer many of the same advantages, and the relative importance of clonality versus perenniality is unknown.We used phylogenetic comparative analyses of 1751 species to examine associations between polyploidy, clonality, and life history. We test hypotheses of co‐evolution by determining the sequence of trait development.Polyploidy is associated with both clonality and perenniality across species, and analyses show that clonality can be an important predictor of polyploidy beyond perenniality. Tests of directionality on our full dataset suggest that polyploidy is more likely to promote clonality or perenniality than vice versa, although there are significant differences in patterns of co‐evolution among major angiosperm groups.Our results suggest that polyploidy and clonal reproduction are evolutionarily associated across the angiosperms, even when perenniality is considered, but we find little evidence at the whole‐angiosperm level for the hypothesis that clonality promotes polyploidy. However, variation among different clades indicates that polyploidy and clonality are interacting in diverse ways, likely to be due to the variable roles of clonality in their evolutionary histories.