bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soft core–hard shell latex particles for mechanically strong VOC‐free polymer films
Authors: Limousin Elodie , Ballard Nicholas , Asua José M. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTPolymer films cast from aqueous polymer dispersions typically suffer from an inherent lack of mechanical strength when compared to their solvent‐borne counterparts. This drawback can be overcome by the use nanostructured hybrid particles that contain both a hard and soft phase. In this work, we demonstrate the use latex particles consisting of a soft core with a multilobed hard shell synthesized by seeded semicontinuous emulsion polymerization with the aim of maximizing the interconnectivity of the hard phase in the resulting polymer film, thus generating films with improved mechanical properties. Films with a minimum film formation temperature (MFFT) close to that of the soft phase are formed while obtaining a Young's modulus up to 4.5 times higher that of a standard homogeneous latex particle. The effect of annealing temperature on film morphology is also investigated, clearly demonstrating that a marked difference in mechanical properties is observed when a percolating network of the hard phase within the film is obtained. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47608.
Preparation of silicone containing 2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐4‐piperidinol‐basedN‐chloramine for antibacterial polyethylene via interpenetration in supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors: Chen Yong , Wang Yuyu , Zhang Qiang , Yang Cuiying , Han Qiuxia 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTFunctionalization of polyethylene (PE) with powerful biocides through a friendly and efficient procedure is necessary to obtain extended applications. A novel CO2‐philic 2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐4‐piperidinol (TMP)‐basedN‐chloramine silicone was synthesized via Pt‐catalyzed silane alcoholysis between the SiH of poly(methylhydrosiloxane) and OH of TMP and followed by chlorination of amine NH originating from TMP to NCl. The TMP‐basedN‐chloramine silicone was interpenetrated into PE using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) as working solvent. It was shown that the thickness of the TMP‐basedN‐chloramine silicone layer on PE can be easily controlled by the interpenetration pressure, reaching a maximum value of 70 nm at 28 mp. The synthetic procedures and the interpenetration results were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In contrast with pristine PE that did not show biocidal ability, the TMP‐basedN‐chloramine silicone modified PE imparted powerful antibacterial abilities, exerting total kills of bothStaphylococcus aureusandEscherichia coliof ~107 cfu mL−1in 30 min. The biocidal functionality was durable toward washings, storage, and ultraviolet exposure and the recoverability of lost chlorines was good. The interpenetration in scCO2tactic provides an environmentally friendly and universal approach to functionalize inert substrates due to no needs of harmful solvent and chemical linkages with biocides. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47614.
Not all has been said about glucose oxidase/peroxidase: New pedagogical uses for a classical and robust undergraduate laboratory experiment
Authors: García‐Ponce Ángel Luis , Martínez‐Poveda Beatriz , Blanco‐López Ángel , Medina Miguel Ángel , Quesada Ana R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe enzymatic determination of glucose in soft drinks, based on the glucose concentration measurement by means of the coupled reactions of glucose oxidase and peroxidase, has been implemented at the University of Malaga and optimized according to the Biochemistry and Chemistry undergraduate students' results and feedback throughout the last few years. This traditional and robust laboratory practical has been reformed, in the light of inquiry‐based and interdisciplinary learning approaches, in order to optimize the students' formative achievements that now are not restricted to the learning of enzymology, but also integrates cross‐curricular knowledge from chemistry and mathematics. In this experiment, inexpensive and feasible to be carried out in a single laboratory session, students have to make the decision of what method is the most suitable for a given analytical problem, anticipating situations that they will probably face throughout their professional careers. It not only illustrates basic issues related to the use of enzymes as reagents for enzymatic analyses and its application to food chemistry, but it is also used to put into practice some principles of statistical analysis and analytical methods evaluation. This can be achieved because students get results from two different enzymatic analysis protocols (kinetic and end‐point methods) using a single reaction mixture. The measurement of glucose concentration in four carbonated soft‐drinks, regular or sugar‐free colas and tonic waters makes students deal with the presence of color interferences that should be either avoided or eliminated. Undergraduate students, having performed this experiment, have found it formative, interesting, and challenging. © 2019 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 47(3):341–347, 2019.
Simulink‐based teaching design for multipath‐effect elimination utilizing convolution analysis and pade approximation
Authors: Yang Zong‐chang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRadio signals which reach the receiving antenna by two or more paths will result in a propagation phenomenon called multipath. It is one common propagation phenomenon in wireless telecommunications. Concept of the multipath is also one of teaching contents in electronic and electrical engineering studies. Along with the rapid development of digital computational technology, CAI (“computer aided instruction”) has become one powerful tool widely applied in teaching and study. Based on convolution analysis from time‐domain analysis and Pade approximation from the S‐transform domain, Simulink‐based teaching design upon elimination of the multipath‐effect is presented in this study. Designs of inverse systems for eliminating the multipath‐effect are implemented in two approaches. One is the Pade approximation‐based approach, which is implemented by rational continuous‐time LTI (“linear Time Invariant”) models from the perspective of S‐transform‐domain analysis. Another is the convolution analysis‐based approach called deconvolution, which is implemented in one amendment approach to gradually eliminate the multipath‐effect from the perspective of time‐domain analysis. The teaching design has been integrated into a basic course of “signals and systems” for undergraduate students at Hunan University of Science and Technology, China in recent years. Simulations and feedback results in teaching practice indicate workability of the presented method. Compared to its physical implement, the Simulink‐based method provides one graphical virtual approach in a convenient and vivid way. The proposed teaching design may benefit electronic and electrical engineering studies.
Claiming best or better? The effect of target brand's and competitor's puffery on holistic and analytic thinkers
Authors: Yang Defeng , Xie Ninghui , Su Sarena J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPrevious empirical studies have yielded contradictory results about how consumers react to puffed claims in advertisements. This study addresses this issue by considering how consumers' thinking style and competitors' puffery interact to influence consumers' brand attitude in terms of product puffery. Drawing upon experiments using fictitious and real brand names, three studies provide converging evidence that holistic thinkers will form a more positive brand attitude when exposed to the target brand's low‐puffery (vs. no puffery or high puffery) claims. In contrast, analytic thinkers are less sensitive to puffery, and their brand attitude will not change. Further, holistic thinkers are more sensitive to the presence of competitor's puffery. Holistic thinkers exposed to competitor's high‐puffery (vs. low) claims form a more positive brand attitude toward the target brand. For analytic thinkers, competitor's puffery level will not significantly affect their attitude toward the target brand. Our findings shed fresh light on the inconclusive results of prior studies and offer practical implications for marketing puffery.
Usefulness of ectopic implantation in multiple finger amputation injury
Authors: Yoshida Shuhei , Koshima Isao , Narushima Mitsunaga , Nagamatsu Shogo , Yokota Kazunori , Yamashita Shuji , Harima Mitsunobu 
Published: February 2019

Key Clinical MessageReplantation combined with simultaneous ectopic implantation can be considered in patients with multiple finger amputation injury. This technique has the advantages of reducing the operating time and optimizing hemodynamic stability. However, it is only possible when multiple hand and microsurgery team can be organized at short notice.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology in head and neck diagnosis
Authors: Tempesta Angela , Limongelli Luisa , Capodiferro Saverio , Maiorano Eugenio , Favia Gianfranco 
Published: February 2019

Key Clinical MessageThe proper performing of the fine‐needle aspiration cytology of head and neck neoplasms leads to an accurate preoperative diagnosis by an inexpensive and relatively simple technique.
A case of severe metabolic acidosis during pregnancy
Authors: Alkhasoneh Mo'tasem , Jacobs Jennifer , Kaur Gurwant 
Published: February 2019

Key Clinical MessageRenal tubular acidosis (RTA) is a disorder that impairs renal acid‐base regulation leading to normal anion gap metabolic acidosis. It is rare to encounter this entity during pregnancy. Pregnancy can worsen renal tubular acidosis (RTA) due to the physiological changes that happen during pregnancy. Teamwork including nephrologist and obstetrician is very important to identify and properly manage pregnant women with RTA to ensure smooth pregnancy and prevent complications.
A Solution Theory for Quasilinear Singular SPDEs
Authors: Gerencsér Máté , Hairer Martin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe give a construction allowing us to build local renormalized solutions to general quasilinear stochastic PDEs within the theory of regularity structures, thus greatly generalizing the recent results of [1, 5, 11]. Loosely speaking, our construction covers quasilinear variants of all classes of equations for which the general construction of [3, 4, 7] applies, including in particular one‐dimensional systems with KPZ‐type nonlinearities driven by space‐time white noise. In a less singular and more specific case, we furthermore show that the counterterms introduced by the renormalization procedure are given by local functionals of the solution. The main feature of our construction is that it allows exploitation of a number of existing results developed for the semilinear case, so that the number of additional arguments it requires is relatively small. © 2018 the Authors. Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics is published by the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Selective Laser Sintering of Metal‐Organic Frameworks: Production of Highly Porous Filters by 3D Printing onto a Polymeric Matrix
Authors: Lahtinen Elmeri , Precker Rafaella L. M. , Lahtinen Manu , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie , Haukka Matti 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have raised a lot of interest, especially as adsorbing materials, because of their unique and well‐defined pore structures. One of the main challenges in the utilization of MOFs is their crystalline and powdery nature, which makes their use inconvenient in practice. Three‐dimensional printing has been suggested as a potential solution to overcome this problem. We used selective laser sintering (SLS) to print highly porous flow‐through filters containing the MOF copper(II) benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxylate (HKUST‐1). These filters were printed simply by mixing HKUST‐1 with an easily printable nylon‐12 polymer matrix. By using the SLS, powdery particles were fused together in such a way that the structure of the printed solid material resembles the structure of a powder bed. The MOF additive is firmly attached only on the surface of partially fused polymer particles and therefore remains accessible to fluids passing through the filter. Powder X‐ray analysis of the printed object confirmed that printing did not have any negative impact on the structure of the MOF. CO2‐adsorption studies also showed that the activity of the MOF was not affected by the printing process. SLS offers a straightforward and easy way to fabricate tailor‐made MOF‐containing filters for practical applications.
A Cell Culture Platform for the Cultivation of Cryptosporidium parvum
Authors: Jossé Lyne , Bones Alexander J. , Purton Tracey , Michaelis Martin , Tsaousis Anastasios D. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCryptosporidium is a genus of ubiquitous unicellular parasites belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa. Cryptosporidium species are the second largest cause of childhood diarrhea and are associated with increased morbidity. Accompanying this is the low availability of treatment and lack of vaccines. The major barrier to developing effective treatment is the lack of reliable in vitro culture methods. Recently, our lab has successfully cultivated C. parvum in the esophageal cancer–derived cell line COLO‐680N, and has been able to maintain infection for several weeks. The success of this cell line was assessed with a combination of various techniques including fluorescent microscopy and qPCR. In addition, to tackle the issue of long‐term oocyst production in vitro, a simple, low‐cost bioreactor system using the COLO‐680N cell line was established, which produced infectious oocysts for 4 months. This chapter provides details on the methodologies used to culture, maintain, and assess Cryptosporidium infection and propagation in COLO‐680N. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Bestimmung eines Modellteilsicherheitsbeiwertes für unbewehrte Mauerwerkswände unter Knickbeanspruchung
Authors: Bakeer Tammam , Salehi Hamidreza 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe design/verification method in the Eurocodes is based on the partial safety concept. Eurocode 6 suggests a constant partial safety factor for the material γM for all design/verification problems, without consideration of model uncertainty in the design/verification formula. In the following, a model partial safety factor is determined for the problem of unreinforced masonry walls mainly subjected to vertical loading. For that purpose, the newly proposed formula for EC 6, annex G will be considered [1–3]. In order to cover all aspects in tests and to use the results for design purposes, several methods have been included in EN 1990 Annex D for design based on test data. In this study, the recommended methods in Annex D of EN 1990 for resistance of the material are used to extract the partial safety factors. A database including more than 119 experimental tests on unreinforced masonry shear walls is used to compare the model prediction and the test results and to determine the model partial safety factor.
Innovative Bindemitteltechnik für den Mauerwerksbau
Authors: Kanig Martin , Glock Günter 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe construction variant ”cavity wall“ is a considerable trend in new building projects and has shown growth rates of more than 8 % in newbuild projects in the last two years. Energy‐saving building in combination with a great variety of design possibilities through various formats and colours in the selection of the facing bricks make this construction extremely popular, not only with architects, but also with building owners. Another important argument is based on the sustainability of this construction method and the materials used. This article is concerned with an innovation for the joint mortar in facing brick facades. The quick‐mix S‐FM mortar with its innovative and patented SECON binder technology combines both: ecology and a high degree of safety against leaching and efflorescence.
Mauerwerkskunst – Kunst des Mauerns
Authors: Jaeger Falk 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBrick masonry is not only a question of building physics, building construction and durability, i.e. sustainability, but has much to do with aesthetics and making sense, which may have been forgotten in modern architecture with its absolute lack of décor. Masonry as an art form has been scarce since the era of brick expressionism. Recently, there have been some exceptions – and thoroughly welcome. The ”Fjordenhus“ in Vejle, Denmark, is an astonishing example.
Acoustic emission monitoring technology for coal and gas outburst
Authors: Li Jiangong , Hu Qianting , Yu Minggao , Li Xuelong , Hu Jie , Yang Huiming 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn recent years, with the increase in mining depth and strength, coal‐rock gas dynamic disasters, such as coal and gas outburst, have shown an increasing trend. Acoustic emission (AE) technology has been viewed as a promising method that can effectively forecast coal and gas dynamic disasters. This paper first tests the AE characteristics of coal and rock samples during loading. Then, self‐developed AE continuous monitoring and early warning equipment is used to monitor and predict the coal and gas outburst dynamic disasters on the working face. And it is found that the coal samples primarily show ductile failure, and the AE exhibits the evolutionary characteristics of “rise‐peak‐fall”. The rock samples primarily exhibit brittle failure, and the AE evolution mode is almost no falling stage. Coal and gas outbursts occur after the stress peak. Before coal and gas outbursts occur, there is a clear increasing trend in the AE ahead of the gas concentration variation. When the gas‐bearing coal is damaged by the load, the coal body first breaks due to the stress, and the AE value increases. Then, due to the fracture of the coal body, the crack penetrates, gas rushes out, and the gas concentration increases. The research results can provide an advanced technical method for the monitoring and early warning of coal–rock gas dynamic disasters, and improve the prediction accuracy for dynamic disasters.
A longitudinal assessment of aluminum contents in foodstuffs and aluminum intake of residents in Tianjin metropolis
Authors: Ma Jie , Jiang Guohong , Zheng Wenlong , Zhang Mingyue 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimIn this report, we retrieved and analyzed the data of aluminum contents in foodstuffs over a 6‐year span between 2010 and 2015 and assessed the risk of dietary aluminum exposure in residents of Tianjin metropolis.MethodsA multistage random clustering method was used to survey Tianjin residents between 2010 and 2015. Samples were mainly purchased from breakfast vendors, farmers’ markets, and supermarkets in Tianjin between 2009 and 2015. A total of 1,814 persons aged at least 2 years from 1,262 households from randomly chosen communities were asked to complete the questionnaire on food consumption. Aluminum contents in the food samples were determined.ResultsTotally 21.14% of food samples exceeded the recommended aluminum residue limit over the study period. The mean aluminum levels in the food samples over the 6‐year span were 111.9 7 ± 265.26 mg/kg, and the mean P95 was 597.00 mg/kg. Totally 21.14% of the food samples exceeded the recommended aluminum residue limit (100 mg/kg). The lowest mean aluminum levels in food were detected in 2010, and the highest levels were found in 2015. The highest mean aluminum levels were found in jellyfish. The highest total mean aluminum intake in food was 83.61 mg/day in those aged at least 50 years and younger than 66 years. Meanwhile, children aged at least 2 years and less than 8 years had the highest mean weekly aluminum intake (18.19 mg/kg body weight/week); they also had the highest MOS (18.19).ConclusionThe findings indicate that despite the implementation since 2014 of the new policy on the use of aluminum food additives in China, residents in Tianjin still face high levels of aluminum exposure in foodstuffs with young children particularly vulnerable. Public awareness of the new policy should be enhanced, and more vigorous supervision of the use of aluminum food additives should be undertaken.
Transcending time in the brain: How event memories are constructed from experience
Authors: Clewett David , DuBrow Sarah , Davachi Lila 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOur daily lives unfold continuously, yet when we reflect on the past, we remember those experiences as distinct and cohesive events. To understand this phenomenon, early investigations focused on how and when individuals perceive natural breakpoints, or boundaries, in ongoing experience. More recent research has examined how these boundaries modulate brain mechanisms that support long‐term episodic memory. This work has revealed that a complex interplay between hippocampus and prefrontal cortex promotes the integration and separation of sequential information to help organize our experiences into mnemonic events. Here, we discuss how both temporal stability and change in one's thoughts, goals, and surroundings may provide scaffolding for these neural processes to link and separate memories across time. When learning novel or familiar sequences of information, dynamic hippocampal processes may work both independently from and in concert with other brain regions to bind sequential representations together in memory. The formation and storage of discrete episodic memories may occur both proactively as an experience unfolds. They may also occur retroactively, either during a context shift or when reactivation mechanisms bring the past into the present to allow integration. We also describe conditions and factors that shape the construction and integration of event memories across different timescales. Together these findings shed new light on how the brain transcends time to transform everyday experiences into meaningful memory representations.
Social adaptation and adaptation pressure among the “drifting elderly” in China: A qualitative study in Shanghai
Authors: Ruan Yuhui , Zhu Demi , Lu Jun 
Published: February 2019

SummaryObjectiveIn China, a population of “drifting elderly” that is mainly composed of older parents who migrate for nonemployment reasons has emerged and developed rapidly. The need to understand their social adaptation after migration is well recognized but neglected, so we explored this in the current study.MethodsA qualitative study using a grounded theory approach was undertaken involving 53 elderly interprovincial migrants in five districts of Shanghai from July 2016 to May 2018. This involved in‐depth interviews with participants. Adaptation of the drifting elderly and their motivations for migrating were studied, and differences in daily life when compared with before migrating, difficulties encountered after migrating, and social‐adaptation pressure were analyzed.ResultsThe drifting elderly had poor adaptation regarding self‐identity, daily activities, and social context. The adaptation process regarding daily life, social relationships, and obtaining social support was difficult. They experienced both proximate adaptation pressure (induced by providing and/or obtaining social support) and evolutionary adaptation pressure (induced by mismatch and/or constraints).ConclusionThe social adaptation of the drifting elderly was affected by differences in daily life when compared with before migrating, and adaptation pressure was caused by both proximate and evolutionary factors. The decision to migrate was the result of a rational principle of maintaining the intergenerational support structure, and it was influenced by the evolutionary advantage related to maintaining this structure. Strengthening social support for the drifting elderly is necessary to promote their adaptation.