bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiologic effects of delayed sternal closure following stage 1 palliation
Authors: Mills Kimberly I. , van den Bosch Sarah J. , Gauvreau Kimberlee , Allan Catherine K. , Thiagarajan Ravi R. , Hoganson David M. , Baird Christopher W. , Nathan Meena , DiNardo James A. , Kheir John N. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundFollowing stage 1 palliation, delayed sternal closure may be used as a technique to enhance thoracic compliance but may also prolong the length of stay and increase the risk of infection.MethodsWe reviewed all neonates undergoing stage 1 palliation at our institution between 2010 and 2017 to describe the effects of delayed sternal closure.ResultsDuring the study period, 193 patients underwent stage 1 palliation, of whom 12 died before an attempt at sternal closure. Among the 25 patients who underwent primary sternal closure, 4 (16%) had sternal reopening within 24 hours. Among the 156 infants who underwent delayed sternal closure at 4 [3,6] days post-operatively, 11 (7.1%) had one or more failed attempts at sternal closure. Patients undergoing primary sternal closure had a shorter duration of mechanical ventilation and intensive care unit length of stay. Patients who failed delayed sternal closure had a longer aortic cross-clamp time (123±42 versus 99±35 minutes, p=0.029) and circulatory arrest time (39±28 versus 19±17 minutes, p=0.0009) than those who did not fail. Failure of delayed sternal closure was also closely associated with Technical Performance Score: 1.3% of patients with a score of 1 failed sternal closure compared with 18.9% of patients with a score of 3 (p=0.0028). Among the haemodynamic and ventilatory parameters studied, only superior caval vein saturation following sternal closure was different between patients who did and did not fail sternal closure (30±7 versus 42±10%, p=0.002). All patients who failed sternal closure did so within 24 hours owing to hypoxaemia, hypercarbia, or haemodynamic impairment.ConclusionWhen performed according to our current clinical practice, sternal closure causes transient and mild changes in haemodynamic and ventilatory parameters. Monitoring of SvO2following sternal closure may permit early identification of patients at risk for failure.
Development of a training programme for primary care mental health staff to support management of depression and anxiety in long-term conditions
Authors: Hamilton-Westa Kate , Batesb Amanda , Hothamc Sarah , Wilsond Patricia 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimWe aimed to develop, deliver and evaluate a brief training programme for primary care mental health staff in NW London focussing on long-term physical health conditions (LTCs). The objective was to improve participants’ knowledge, understanding and confidence (self-efficacy) in providing effective support to people with LTCs. The second objective was to develop an online version to be made available more widely.BackgroundThe project was commissioned by NW London Collaboration of Clinical Commissioning Groups as part of a strategy to develop more joined up care and support for people with mental health needs. Training was developed by a team of experts, with input from commissioners, service users, clinicians and service managers.MethodsTraining was delivered via two-day interactive workshops providing: (i) key facts (informed by a review of published research and publically available health information); (ii) opportunity to engage with the ‘lived experience’ of people with LTCs (via videos, role plays, case studies and group discussion); (iii) skills-based training (in specific assessment and intervention methods). Knowledge, understanding and confidence (with respect to supporting people with LTCs) were assessed at the start and end of the training. An online training programme (with embedded evaluation questionnaire) was also developed, covering the same themes as the workshop.FindingsMental health staff (n=60) reported limited knowledge, understanding and confidence before the workshop, underlining the need for training. Knowledge of LTCs improved significantly following training (P<0.0001), along with awareness of the impact of poor psychological wellbeing on physical health (P<0.05) and the role of psychological therapies in supporting people with LTCs (P<0.0001). Self-efficacy also improved (P<0.001). Online training was accessed by 894 participants in the first six months and 187 provided feedback via the evaluation questionnaire. Responses indicated that participants found the training useful (88%), interesting (91%) and easy to understand (97%).
Modeling Sediment Yield in Land Surface and Earth System Models: Model Comparison, Development, and Evaluation
Authors: Tan Zeli , Leung L. Ruby , Li Hong‐Yi , Tesfa Teklu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSediment yield (SY) plays an important role in the global carbon cycle for carrying particulate carbon into rivers and oceans, but it is rarely represented in Earth system models (ESMs). Existing SY models have mostly been tested over a few small catchments in specific regions or in large river basins globally. By comparing the performance of eight well‐known SY models in 454 small catchments with various land covers and uses across the United States, Canada, Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, and Guam, we identified the simple Morgan model for its better performance in representing the spatial variability of continental scale SY at spatial scales relevant to ESMs (several to hundreds of square kilometers) than other models because of a more realistic representation of runoff‐driven erosion and sediment transport capacity in the context of current data availability. The results also indicated that runoff‐driven erosion should be formulated using a power function of runoff, shear stress, or stream power to better represent the total effect of concentrated flow if gully erosion and channel erosion are not explicitly modeled. We also demonstrated that the Morgan model can be further improved by removing snowmelt‐driven runoff in modeling runoff‐driven erosion and to a minor degree by integrating a landslide model. The improved Morgan model explains 57% of the spatial variability of the measured SY. The new model also demonstrated the capability to simulate SY in cross‐validation catchments at fine temporal scales, which is important for coupling SY with other biogeochemistry processes in ESMs.
Development and Application of the Heat Pulse Method for Soil Physical Measurements
Authors: He Hailong , Dyck Miles F. , Horton Robert , Ren Tusheng , Bristow Keith L. , Lv Jialong , Si Bingcheng 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAccurate and continuous measurements of soil thermal and hydraulic properties are required for environmental, Earth and planetary science, and engineering applications, but they are not practically obtained by steady‐state methods. The heat pulse (HP) method is a transient method for determination of soil thermal properties and a wide range of other physical properties in laboratory and field conditions. The HP method is based on the line‐heat source solution of the radial heat flow equation. This literature review begins with a discussion of the evolution of the HP method and related applications, followed by the principal theories, data interpretation methods, and their differences. Important factors for HP probe construction are presented. The properties determined in unfrozen and frozen soils are discussed, followed by a discussion of limitations and perspectives for the application of this method. The paper closes with a brief overview of future needs and opportunities for further development and application of the HP method.
Very high-protein and low-carbohydrate enteral nutrition formula and plasma glucose control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized crossover trial
Authors: Huhmann Maureen B. , Yamamoto Shinobu , Neutel Joel M. , Cohen Sarah S. , Ochoa Gautier Juan B. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Background and objectives
Standard enteral nutrition (EN) formulas can worsen hyperglycemia in diabetic patients. We hypothesized that altering the proportion of macronutrients in a formula; increasing protein while decreasing carbohydrate concentrations would improve glycemic response. The objective of this study was to demonstrate that an EN formula containing a very high concentration of protein (in the form of whey peptides) and low concentration of carbohydrate provide better control of postprandial blood glucose relative to a very high-protein/higher-carbohydrate formula.

Subjects and methods
This was a randomized crossover clinical trial of 12 ambulatory adult subjects with type 2 diabetes. The primary outcome was glycemic response following a bolus of isocaloric amounts of two EN formulas; the secondary outcome was insulin response. Subjects were randomized to the experimental or the control formula, on two separate days, 5–7 days apart.

Results
Mean blood glucose concentrations at 10–180 min post-infusion and mean area under the curve for glucose over 240 min post-infusion were significantly lower with the experimental formula than with the control formula (71.99 ± 595.18 and 452.62 ± 351.38, respectively; p = 0.025). There were no significant differences in the mean insulin concentrations over time, insulinogenic indices, and first-phase insulin measurements.

Conclusions
An EN formula containing high-protein and low-carbohydrate loads can significantly improve glucose control in subjects with type 2 diabetes in ambulatory settings as evidenced by observed improved glucose control without significant difference in insulin response.
Essential role of Ahnak in adipocyte differentiation leading to the transcriptional regulation of Bmpr1α expression
Authors: Woo Jong Kyu , Shin Jae Hoon , Lee Seo Hyun , Park Hun-Min , Cho Soo Young , Sung You Me , Kim Il Yong , Seong Je Kyung 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe role of Ahnak in obesity has been reported previously. Loss of Ahnak leads to decreased Bmp4/Smad1 signaling, resulting in the downregulation of adipocyte differentiation. However, the biological significance of Ahnak remains largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that Ahnak-mediated impaired adipogenesis results in decreased Bmpr1α transcriptional expression. To confirm this, Ahnak siRNA was used to knock-down Ahnak in C3H10T1/2 and primary stromal vascular fraction cells. Ahnak siRNA transfected cells showed suppression of Bmpr1α expression and decreased BMP4/ Bmpr1α signaling. The differential adipogenesis was further confirmed by knock-down of Bmpr1α in C3H10T1/2 cells, which resulted in reduced adipogenesis. Moreover, stable Ahnak knock-out C3H10T1/2 cells stably transfected with Ahnak CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid suppressed expression of Bmpr1α and prevented differentiation into adipocytes. Furthermore, we developed immortalized pre-adipocytes from wild-type or Ahnak Knock-out mice’s stromal vascular fraction (SVF) to confirm the function of Ahnak in pre-adipocyte transition. Immortalized Ahnak knock-out SVF cells showed lower level of Bmpr1α expression, evidence by their impaired BMP4/Bmpr1α signaling. Upon adipogenic induction, immortalized Ahnak knock-out SVF cells exhibited a marked decrease in adipocyte differentiation compared with immortalized wild-type pre-adipocytes. Furthermore, over-expression of Bmpr1α restored the adipogenic activity of Ahnak knock-out C3H10T1/2 cells and immortalized Ahnak knock-out SVF cells. Our data reveal the missing link in Ahnak-mediated adipose tissue remodeling and suggest that precise regulation of Ahnak in adipose tissue might have a therapeutic advantage for metabolic disease treatment.
TGF-β1-SOX9 axis-inducible COL10A1 promotes invasion and metastasis in gastric cancer via epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
Authors: Li Tingting , Huang Haipeng , Shi Guangyao , Zhao Liying , Li Tuanjie , Zhang Ze , Liu Ruoyan , Hu Yanfeng , Liu Hao , Yu Jiang , Li Guoxin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMolecular biomarkers that predict disease progression might promote drug development and therapeutic strategies in aggressive cancers, such as gastric cancer (GC). High-throughput mRNA sequencing (RNA-seq) revealed that collagen type X alpha 1 (COL10A1) is a disease progression-associated gene. Analysis of 103 GC patients showed that high COL10A1 mRNA expression was associated with GC metastasis and reduced survival. We analyzed the COL10A1 promoter using the UCSC genome website and JASPAR database, and we found potential SOX9 binding site. Here, we demonstrated that SOX9 and COL10A1 were both up-regulated in GC. We observed a positive correlation between the expression patterns of SOX9 and COL10A1 in GC cells and tissues. The results of electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay and promoter reporter indicated that SOX9 could directly bind to the COL10A1 gene promoter and activate its transcription. Biological function experiments showed that COL10A1 regulated the migration and invasion of GC cells. Knockdown COL10A1 inhibited lung and abdominal cavity metastasis in a nude mouse model. Moreover, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) treatment up-regulated the phosphorylation of Smad2 and increased SOX9 and COL10A1 expression. COL10A1 was confirmed to be a potential inducer of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). SOX9 was essential for COL10A1-mediated EMT, and cell migration, invasion and metastasis. Co-expression of SOX9 and COL10A1 was associated with tumor progression and was strongly predictive of overall survival in GC patients. In summary, this study elucidated the mechanistic link between COL10A1 and the TGF-β1-SOX9 axis. These findings indicated that COL10A1 might play a crucial role in GC progression and serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in GC patients.
Specific inhibition of ADAM17/TACE promotes neurogenesis in the injured motor cortex
Authors: Geribaldi-Doldán Noelia , Carrasco Manuel , Murillo-Carretero Maribel , Domínguez-García Samuel , García-Cózar Francisco J. , Muñoz-Miranda Juan Pedro , del Río-García Valme , Verástegui Cristina , Castro Carmen 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBrain injuries in the adult mammalian brain are accompanied by a fast neurogenic response inside neurogenic niches. However, this response does not contribute to the generation of new neurons within damaged tissues like the cerebral cortex, which are essentially non-neurogenic. This occurs because injuries create a hostile environment that favors gliogenesis. Overexpression and sequential activation of the ADAM17/TGFα/EGFR signaling cascade are crucial for the generation of this gliogenic/non-neurogenic environment. Here, we demonstrate that chronic local infusion of a general metalloprotease inhibitor in areas of traumatic cortical injury in adult mice moderately increased the number of neuroblasts around the lesion, by facilitating the survival of neuroblasts and undifferentiated progenitors, which had migrated to the perilesional area from the subventricular zone. Next, we generated a dominant-negative version of ADAM17 metalloprotease, consisting of a truncated protein containing only the pro-domain (ADAM17-Pro). Specific inhibition of ADAM17 activity by ADAM17-Pro overexpression increased the generation of new neurons in vitro. Local overexpression of ADAM17-Pro in injured cortex in vivo, mediated by lentiviral vectors, dramatically increased the number of neuroblasts observed at the lesion 14 days after injury. Those neuroblasts were able to differentiate into cholinergic and GABAergic neurons 28 days after injury. We conclude that ADAM17 is a putative target to develop new therapeutic tools for the treatment of traumatic brain injury.
Intriguing role of water in protein-ligand binding studied by neutron crystallography on trypsin complexes
Authors: Schiebel Johannes , Gaspari Roberto , Wulsdorf Tobias , Ngo Khang , Sohn Christian , Schrader Tobias E. , Cavalli Andrea , Ostermann Andreas , Heine Andreas , Klebe Gerhard 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHydrogen bonds are key interactions determining protein-ligand binding affinity and therefore fundamental to any biological process. Unfortunately, explicit structural information about hydrogen positions and thus H-bonds in protein-ligand complexes is extremely rare and similarly the important role of water during binding remains poorly understood. Here, we report on neutron structures of trypsin determined at very high resolutions ≤1.5 Å in uncomplexed and inhibited state complemented by X-ray and thermodynamic data and computer simulations. Our structures show the precise geometry of H-bonds between protein and the inhibitors N-amidinopiperidine and benzamidine along with the dynamics of the residual solvation pattern. Prior to binding, the ligand-free binding pocket is occupied by water molecules characterized by a paucity of H-bonds and high mobility resulting in an imperfect hydration of the critical residue Asp189. This phenomenon likely constitutes a key factor fueling ligand binding via water displacement and helps improving our current view on water influencing protein–ligand recognition.
Microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids promote Th1 cell IL-10 production to maintain intestinal homeostasis
Authors: Sun Mingming , Wu Wei , Chen Liang , Yang Wenjing , Huang Xiangsheng , Ma Caiyun , Chen Feidi , Xiao Yi , Zhao Ye , Ma Chunyan , Yao Suxia , Carpio Victor H. , Dann Sara M. , Zhao Qihong , Liu Zhanju , Cong Yingzi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractT-cells are crucial in maintanence of intestinal homeostasis, however, it is still unclear how microbiota metabolites regulate T-effector cells. Here we show gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) promote microbiota antigen-specific Th1 cell IL-10 production, mediated by G-protein coupled receptors 43 (GPR43). Microbiota antigen-specific Gpr43−/− CBir1 transgenic (Tg) Th1 cells, specific for microbiota antigen CBir1 flagellin, induce more severe colitis compared with wide type (WT) CBir1 Tg Th1 cells in Rag−/− recipient mice. Treatment with SCFAs limits colitis induction by promoting IL-10 production, and administration of anti-IL-10R antibody promotes colitis development. Mechanistically, SCFAs activate Th1 cell STAT3 and mTOR, and consequently upregulate transcription factor B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (Blimp-1), which mediates SCFA-induction of IL-10. SCFA-treated Blimp1−/− Th1 cells produce less IL-10 and induce more severe colitis compared to SCFA-treated WT Th1 cells. Our studies, thus, provide insight into how microbiota metabolites regulate Th1 cell functions to maintain intestinal homeostasis.
Biased sequential sampling underlies the effects of time pressure and delay in social decision making
Authors: Chen Fadong , Krajbich Ian 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSocial decision making involves balancing conflicts between selfishness and pro-sociality. The cognitive processes underlying such decisions are not well understood, with some arguing for a single comparison process, while others argue for dual processes (one intuitive and one deliberative). Here, we propose a way to reconcile these two opposing frameworks. We argue that behavior attributed to intuition can instead be seen as a starting point bias of a sequential sampling model (SSM) process, analogous to a prior in a Bayesian framework. Using mini-dictator games in which subjects make binary decisions about how to allocate money between themselves and another participant, we find that pro-social subjects become more pro-social under time pressure and less pro-social under time delay, while selfish subjects do the opposite. Our findings help reconcile the conflicting results concerning the cognitive processes of social decision making and highlight the importance of modeling the dynamics of the choice process.
Super-wide-field two-photon imaging with a micro-optical device moving in post-objective space
Authors: Terada Shin-Ichiro , Kobayashi Kenta , Ohkura Masamichi , Nakai Junichi , Matsuzaki Masanori 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWide-field imaging of neural activity at a cellular resolution is a current challenge in neuroscience. To address this issue, wide-field two-photon microscopy has been developed; however, the field size is limited by the objective size. Here, we develop a micro-opto-mechanical device that rotates within the post-objective space between the objective and brain tissue. Two-photon microscopy with this device enables sub-second sequential calcium imaging of left and right mouse sensory forelimb areas 6 mm apart. When imaging the rostral and caudal motor forelimb areas (RFA and CFA) 2 mm apart, we found high pairwise correlations in spontaneous activity between RFA and CFA neurons and between an RFA neuron and its putative axons in CFA. While mice performed a sound-triggered forelimb-movement task, the population activity between RFA and CFA covaried across trials, although the field-averaged activity was similar across trials. The micro-opto-mechanical device in the post-objective space provides a novel and flexible design to clarify the correlation structure between distant brain areas at subcellular and population levels.
3D bacterial cellulose biofilms formed by foam templating
Authors: Rühs Patrick A. , Storz Flavian , López Gómez Yuly A. , Haug Matthias , Fischer Peter 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBacterial cellulose is a remarkable fibrous structural component of biofilms, as it forms a mechanically strong hydrogel with high water adsorption capabilities. Additionally, bacterial cellulose is biocompatible and therefore of potential interest for skin regeneration and wound healing applications. However, bacterial cellulose produced through conventional production processes at water–air interfaces lack macroporosity control, which is crucial for regenerative tissue applications. Here we demonstrate a straightforward and efficient approach to form a macroporous bacterial cellulose foam by foaming a mannitol-based media with a bacterial suspension ofGluconoacetobacter xylinus. The bacterial suspension foam is stabilized with Cremodan as a surfactant and viscosified with Xanthan preventing water drainage. Further foam stabilization occurs through cellulose formation across the foam network. As bacterial cellulose formation is influenced by the viscosity of the growth media, we fine-tuned the concentration of Xanthan to allow for bacterial cellulose formation while avoiding water drainage caused by gravity. With this simple approach, we were able to design 3D bacterial cellulose foams without any additional processing steps. We argue that this templating approach can further be used to design foamy biofilms for biotechnological approaches, increasing the surface area and therefore the yield by improving the exchange of nutrients and metabolic products.