bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical characterization of buckwheat noodles mixed with seaweed (fu-nori)
Authors: Asami Yuya , Ooto Sena , Kitamura Masanori , Sakanashi Kenta , Tamai Tesshu , Furumoto Tsuyoshi , Ikeda Sayoko , Ikeda Kiyokazu 
Published: September 2019

The present study was conducted to clarify the effect of incorporation of seaweed, i.e.funori (Gloiopeltis tenax(Turner)J. Agardh) into buckwheat noodles on their mechanical characteristics. Mechanical analysis of buckwheat noodles withfunori showed that incorporation of funori into buckwheat noodles enhanced breaking stress and energy. On the otherhand, incorporation of funori into buckwheat noodles enhanced decreased solubility of the albumin plus globulin frac­tion. The present study findings suggest that the endogenous protein may be an important factor responsible for themechanical characteristics of buckwheat noodles with seaweed.Received: December 5, 2018; accepted: January 30, 2019Keywords: common buckwheat, mechanical characteristics, noodles, seaweed
Evaluation of lymphangiogenesis in acellular dermal matrix
Authors: Cherubino Mario , Pellegatta Igor , Tamborini Federico , Cerati Michele , Sessa Fausto , Valdatta Luigi 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Much attention has been directed towards understanding the phenomena of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in wound healing. Thanks to the manifold dermal substitute available nowadays, wound treatment has improved greatly. Many studies have been published about angiogenesis and cell invasion in INTEGRA®. On the other hand, the development of the lymphatic network in acellular dermal matrix (ADM) is a more obscure matter. In this article, we aim to characterize the different phases of host cell invasion in ADM. Special attention was given to lymphangiogenic aspects. Materials and Methods: Among 57 rats selected to analyse the role of ADM in lymphangiogenesis, we created four groups. We performed an excision procedure on both thighs of these rats: On the left one we did not perform any action except repairing the borders of the wound; while on the right one we used INTEGRA® implant. The excision biopsy was performed at four different times: First group after 7 days, second after 14 days, third after 21 days and fourth after 28 days. For our microscopic evaluation, we used the classical staining technique of haematoxylin and eosin and a semi-quantitative method in order to evaluate cellularity counts. To assess angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis development we employed PROX-1 Ab and CD31/PECAM for immunohistochemical analysis. Results: We found remarkable wound contraction in defects that healed by secondary intention while minor wound contraction was observed in defects treated with ADM. At day 7, optical microscopy revealed a more plentiful cellularity in the granulation tissue compared with the dermal regeneration matrix. The immunohistochemical process highlighted vascular and lymphatic cells in both groups. After 14 days a high grade of fibrosis was noticeable in the non-treated group. At day 21, both lymphatic and vascular endothelial cells were better developed in the group with a dermal matrix application. At day 28, lymphatic endothelial cells had organized themselves, engineering the pseudocylindrical structure better disposed in the ADM group than in the control group, and the lymphatic cells were detectable inside the vessels’ lumen in this group. Conclusion: This study has made it possible to demonstrate the absolute importance of an ADM in proper wound healing and has shown better definition of both the qualitative and quantitative aspects of lymphangiogenesis compared to the second intention healing. A major grade of organization of the extracellular matrix and a minor grade of fibrosclerosis in ADM allowed a well-structured morphologic and functional development of the endothelial and lymphatic vascular structures. This study hopes to represent a clinical basis for a wider use of ADM in lesions where lymphatic complications are common.
Options for the nasal repair of non-syndromic unilateral Tessier no. 2 and 3 facial clefts
Authors: Reddy Srinivas Gosla , Reddy Rajgopal R. , Obwegeser Joachim , Mommaerts Maurice Y. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Background: Non-syndromic Tessier no. 2 and 3 facial clefts primarily affect the nasal complex. The anatomy of such clefts is such that the ala of the nose has a cleft. Repairing the ala presents some challenges to the surgeon, especially to correct the shape and missing tissue. Various techniques have been considered to repair these cleft defects. Aim: We present two surgical options to repair such facial clefts. Materials and Methods: A nasal dorsum rotational flap was used to treat patients with Tessier no. 2 clefts. This is a local flap that uses tissue from the dorsal surface of the nose. The advantage of this flap design is that it helps move the displaced ala of a Tessier no. 2 cleft into its normal position. A forehead-eyelid-nasal transposition flap design was used to treat patients with Tessier no. 3 clefts. This flap design includes three prongs that are rotated downward. A forehead flap is rotated into the area above the eyelid, the flap from above the eyelid is rotated to infra-orbital area and the flap from the infraorbital area that includes the free nasal ala of the cleft is rotated into place. Results and Conclusions: These two flap designs show good results and can be used to augment the treatment options for repairing Tessier no. 2 and 3 facial clefts.
Post-burn axillary contracture: A therapeutic challenge!
Authors: Karki Durga , Mehta Nikhil , Narayan Ravi Prakash 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Background: Axillary post-burn scar contracture is a challenging problem to the reconstructive surgeon owing to the wide range of abduction that should be achieved. The aim of this paper was to highlight the various options used in managing axillary contractures in our hospital. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective hospital-based study of axillary contractures managed at Safdarjung Hospital (a tertiary care hospital) from 2009 to 2013.The study consisted of 44 patients from all age group and both sex included in it. Patients with a bilateral axillary contracture were excluded. Axillary contracture was released and resurfaced using split skin graft and/or with different types of flaps including the propeller flap, parascapular flap. All the reconstructed cases were followed-up for a period of 12 months. Assessment was done on the basis of functional and aesthetic outcome. Results: Forty-four patients consisting of 25 males and 19 females presented with axillary contractures that involved 44 axillae. The mean age of the study group was 17.1 years. Injuries involved the anterior axillary fold in 8 (18.18%), posterior fold in ten (22.72%), both folds and axillary fossa in 14 (31.81%) and both folds plus part of the chest wall and arm (sparing the axillary fossa) in 12 (27.27%) axillae. Surgical treatment included split-thickness skin graft in 15 (34.1%), local skin flaps in 4 (9.1%), Z-plasties in 4 (9.1%), parascapular flaps in 3 (6.82%), while propeller flaps in 12 (27.27%) and square flap were used in 6 (13.64%) patients. The percentage of improvement in abduction had a mean of 156°. The functional and aesthetic results were satisfactory. Conclusion: The choice of surgical procedure for reconstruction of post-burn axillary contractures can be made according to the pattern of scar contracture and the state of the surrounding skin. The choice of a flap should have priority over the skin graft because of the superior functional and aesthetic results of flaps.
Fibrous dysplasia and cherubism
Authors: Bhattacharya Surajit , Mishra R K 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTFibrous dysplasia (FD) is a non-malignant fibro-osseous bony lesion in which the involved bone/bones gradually get converted into expanding cystic and fibrous tissue. The underlying defect in FD is post-natal mutation of GNAS1 gene, which leads to the proliferation and activation of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells arresting the bone development in woven phase and ultimately converting them into fibro-osseous cystic tissue. Cherubism is a hereditary form of fibrous dysplasia in which the causative factor is transmission of autosomal dominant SH3BP2 gene mutation. The disease may present in two distinct forms, a less severe and limited monostotic form, and a more aggressive and more widespread polyostotic form. Polyostotic form may be associated with various endocrine abnormalities, which require active management apart from the management of FD. Management of FD is not free from controversies. While total surgical excision of the involved area and reconstruction using newer micro-vascular technique is the only definitive treatment available from the curative point of view, but this can be only offered to monostotic and very few polyostotic lesions. In polyostotic varieties on many occasions these radical surgeries are very deforming in these slow growing lesions and so their indication is highly debated. The treatment of cranio-facial fibrous dysplasia should be highly individualized, depending on the fact that the clinical behavior of lesion is variable at various ages and in individual patients. A more conservative approach in the form of aesthetic recontouring of deformed bone, orthodontic occlusal correction, and watchful expectancy may be the more accepted form of treatment in young patients. Newer generation real-time imaging guidance during recontouring surgery adds to accuracy and safety of these procedures. Regular clinical and radiological follow up is required to watch for quiescence, regression or reactivation of the disease process. Patients must be warned and watched for any sign of nerve compression, especially visual impairment due to optic nerve compression. Rather than going for prophylactic optic canal decompression (which does more harm than good), optic nerve decompression should be done in symptomatic patients only, and preferably be done via minimal invasive endoscopic neuro-surgical approach than the conventional more morbid open craniotomy approach. There is growing research and possibilities that newer generation bisphosphonate medication may change the management scenario, as these medications show encouraging response in not only reducing the osteoclastic activity, but simultaneously also stimulating the osteoblastic and osteocytic activities. The explosion of genetic research and stem cell therapy may lead to better understanding and subsequently better treatment of FD in future.
A novel 3D template for mandible and maxilla reconstruction: Rapid prototyping using stereolithography
Authors: Kumta Samir , Kumta Monica , Jain Leena , Purohit Shrirang , Ummul Rani 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Replication of the exact three-dimensional (3D) structure of the maxilla and mandible is now a priority whilst attempting reconstruction of these bones to attain a complete functional and aesthetic rehabilitation. We hereby present the process of rapid prototyping using stereolithography to produce templates for modelling bone grafts and implants for maxilla/mandible reconstructions, its applications in tumour/trauma, and outcomes for primary and secondary reconstruction. Materials and Methods: Stereolithographic template-assisted reconstruction was used on 11 patients for the reconstruction of the mandible/maxilla primarily following tumour excision and secondarily for the realignment of post-traumatic malunited fractures or deformity corrections. Data obtained from the computed tomography (CT) scans with 1-mm resolution were converted into a computer-aided design (CAD) using the CT Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) data. Once a CAD model was constructed, it was converted into a stereolithographic format and then processed by the rapid prototyping technology to produce the physical anatomical model using a resin. This resin model replicates the native mandible, which can be thus used off table as a guide for modelling the bone grafts. Discussion: This conversion of two-dimensional (2D) data from CT scan into 3D models is a very precise guide to shaping the bone grafts. Further, this CAD can reconstruct the defective half of the mandible using the mirror image principle, and the normal anatomical model can be created to aid secondary reconstructions. Conclusion: This novel approach allows a precise translation of the treatment plan directly to the surgical field. It is also an important teaching tool for implant moulding and fixation, and helps in patient counselling.
Methodology for high-quality mobile measurement with focus on black carbon and particle mass concentrations
Authors: Alas Honey Dawn C. , Weinhold Kay , Costabile Francesca , Di Ianni Antonio , Müller Thomas , Pfeifer Sascha , Di Liberto Luca , Turner Jay R. , Wiedensohler Alfred 
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Measurements of air pollutants such as black carbon (BC)
and particle mass concentration in general, using mobile platforms equipped
with high-time-resolution instruments, have gained popularity over the last
decade due to their wide range of applicability. Assuring the quality of
mobile measurement, data have become more essential, particularly when the
personal exposure to pollutants is related to their spatial distribution. In the following, we suggest a methodology to achieve data from mobile
measurements of equivalent black carbon (eBC) and PM2.5 mass
concentrations with high data quality. Besides frequent routine quality
assurance measures of the instruments, the methodology includes the
following steps: (a) measures to ensure the quality of mobile instruments
through repeated collocated measurements using identical instrumentation, (b) inclusion of a fixed station along the route containing quality-assured
reference instruments, and (c) sufficiently long and frequent intercomparisons
between the mobile and reference instruments to correct the particle number
and mass size distributions obtained from mobile measurements. The
application of the methodology can provide the following results. First,
collocated mobile measurements with sets of identical instruments allow
identification of undetected malfunctions of the instruments. Second,
frequent intercomparisons against the reference instruments will ensure the
quality of the mobile measurement data of the eBC mass concentration. Third,
the intercomparison data between the mobile optical particle size
spectrometer (OPSS) and a reference mobility particle size spectrometer
(MPSS) allow for the adjustment of the OPSS particle number size
distribution using physically meaningful corrections. Matching the OPSS and
MPSS volume particle size distributions is crucial for the determination of
PM2.5 mass concentration. Using size-resolved complex refractive
indices and time-resolved fine-mode volume correction factors of the fine-particle range, the calculated PM2.5 from the OPSS was within 5 % of
the reference instruments (MPSS+APSS). However, due to the nonsphericity
and an unknown imaginary part of the complex refractive index of
supermicrometer particles, a conversion to a volume equivalent diameter
yields high uncertainties of the particle mass concentration greater than
PM2.5. The proposed methodology addresses issues regarding the quality
of mobile measurements, especially for health impact studies, validation of
modeled spatial distribution, and development of air pollution mitigation
strategies.
Paleo calendar-effect adjustments in time-slice and transient climate-model simulations (PaleoCalAdjust v1.0): impact and strategies for data analysis
Authors: Bartlein Patrick J. , Shafer Sarah L. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The “paleo calendar effect” is a common expression for
the impact that changes in the length of months or seasons over time,
related to changes in the eccentricity of Earth's orbit and precession, have
on the analysis or summarization of climate-model output. This effect can
have significant implications for paleoclimate analyses. In particular,
using a “fixed-length” definition of months (i.e., defined by a fixed
number of days), as opposed to a “fixed-angular” definition (i.e., defined
by a fixed number of degrees of the Earth's orbit), leads to comparisons of
data from different positions along the Earth's orbit when comparing paleo
with modern simulations. This effect can impart characteristic spatial
patterns or signals in comparisons of time-slice simulations that otherwise
might be interpreted in terms of specific paleoclimatic mechanisms, and we
provide examples for 6, 97, 116, and 127 ka. The calendar effect is
exacerbated in transient climate simulations in which, in addition to spatial
or map-pattern effects, it can influence the apparent timing of extrema in
individual time series and the characterization of phase relationships among
series. We outline an approach for adjusting paleo simulations that have
been summarized using a modern fixed-length definition of months and that
can also be used for summarizing and comparing data archived as daily data.
We describe the implementation of this approach in a set of Fortran 90
programs and modules (PaleoCalAdjust v1.0).
Predicting Music Achievement From the Sources of Self-Efficacy: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Zelenak Michael S. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between the 4 sources of self-efficacy and achievement in music performance. I used a correlational design to examine (a) the extent to which each source of self-efficacy predicted achievement; (b) differences in the relationship between self-efficacy and achievement by instrument type, age, and sex; and (c) the relationship between self-efficacy and years of ensemble enrollment. Participants (N = 73) were secondary school band and string orchestra students auditioning for elite ensembles. Responses from the Music Performance Self-Efficacy Scale reflected self-efficacy and audition scores represented achievement. Consistent with other studies, enactive mastery experience exhibited the strongest relationship with the composite construct of self-efficacy. I found verbal/social persuasion, however, to be the strongest predictor of achievement in music performance. This finding highlights the influence of verbal and social messages on achievement prior to critical performances. No differences were found when comparing the relationship between self-efficacy and achievement among groups differentiated by instrument, age, and sex. In addition, no correlation was found between self-efficacy and years of ensemble enrollment. Recommendations include extending existing psychological models to incorporate the sources of self-efficacy and using experimental designs to examine the influence of self-efficacy building activities on musicians.
Are Zoos and Aquariums Justifiable? A Utilitarian Evaluation of Two Prominent Arguments
Authors: Bennett Stephen 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Keeping animals captive in zoos and aquariums is commonly justified by claiming that doing so produces worthwhile consequences in terms of public education and animal conservation. I take a utilitarian approach to the issue, and, after establishing a view on the moral status of animals, assert that these arguments in favor of zoos and aquariums fail. Furthermore, if, as I suspect they are, these two justifications turn out to form the foundation of the argument justifying these institutions, then we ought to seriously reconsider the continued existence of zoos and aquariums altogether.
A Critique of the Cultural Defense of Animal Cruelty
Authors: Galgut Elisa 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
I argue that cultural practices that harm animals are not morally defensible: Tradition cannot justify cruelty. My conclusion applies to all such practices, including ones that are long-standing, firmly entrenched, or held sacred by their practitioners. Following Mary Midgley, I argue that cultural practices are open to moral scrutiny, even from outsiders. Because animals have moral status, they may not be harmed without good reason. I argue that the importance of religious or cultural rituals to adherents does not count as a sufficiently good reason to harm or kill animals, since rituals are inherently symbolic, and cultures are able to adapt and change, making adherence to cruel traditions unnecessary.
#87: Reconciliation, Sport History, and Indigenous Peoples in Canada
Authors: Paraschak Victoria 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
A strengths-and-hope perspective was used to explicate the process underpinning, as well as the benefits and challenges arising from the intertwining of sport history and public history in a Canadian sesquicentennial public history project. The project goal was to contribute toward the Truth and Reconciliation Final Report Call to Action #87 by ensuring that public education, in the form of Wikipedia entries on elite Indigenous athletes in Canada, would be available in an easily accessed manner and that there would be 150+ entries by the end of 2017. The pathway taken to meet that goal included a combination of personal efforts and class assignments to edit and/or create entries, along with the hosting of an editathon on elite Indigenous athletes, resulting in the 176 entries that currently exist as part of three categories: First Nations sportspeople (142 entries), Mètis sportspeople (thirty-one entries), and Canadian Inuit sportspeople (three entries).
A Walk in the Dark: Society, Technology, and Culture in Wartime Warsaw, 1914-1918
Authors: Blobaum Robert 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This article links metropolitan cultural life in Warsaw to the everyday economic and social realities of the First World War and to policy decisions of Russian imperial, German occupation, and municipal authorities. To do so, it examines different modes and sites of cultural consumption and expression, which were in turn challenged, reshaped, or created by various disruptions to prewar routines. Since the war affected practically everything, including and especially food supply but also transportation, street illumination, the consumption of alcohol, the availability of clothing and footwear, not to mention the city’s demography, Warsaw’s street life was essentially reconfigured by a seeming return to an earlier period, less mechanized and illuminated on the one hand, and by the formation of a modern urban entertainment industry and new forms of nightlife on the other. With the emergence of a thriving counterculture of cheap and popular entertainments in opposition to an elite emphasis on austerity, sobriety and propriety, anxious debates over cultural practices and behaviors appropriate to wartime reverberated in public discourse. Indeed, cultural conflict of all sorts exploded during the war years, between the occupier and the occupied, between men and women, but most ominously between Poles and Jews, with publicly-financed education, theaters, and parks as their main arenas.