bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are Flowable Resin-Based Composites a Reliable Material for Metal Orthodontic Bracket Bonding?
Authors: Rosa Vinicius , Pick Bárbara , Azeredo Tatiana Rocha , Filho Eduardo Augusto Mascarenhas Cruz , Júnior Walter Gomes Miranda 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimTo compare the tensile bond strength (TBS) and adhesive remnant index (ARI) of three flowable resin-based composites and three orthodontic adhesive systems for metal bracket bonding.Methods and MaterialsSixty bovine incisors were randomly divided into six groups. Enamel surfaces were etched with 37 percent phosphoric acid for 30 seconds and stainless steel orthodontic brackets were bonded using either flowable resinbased composites (3M Flow, FL; Tetric Flow, TF; and Wave, WA) or orthodontic bonding systems (Transbond XT, TX; Concise Orthodontic, CO; Fill Magic Ortodôntico, FM). All specimens were thermal cycled and stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours, after which they were subsequently tested for TBS using a universal testing machine. ARI scores were determined after the failure of brackets. TBS and ARI data were submitted to ANOVA, Tukey, and Kruskal-Wallis tests (p=0.05), respectively.ResultsRankings of the resin-based composites based on TBS means (MPa) were TX (6.4±2.1), followed by CO (4.5±2.7), FM (3.7±1.2), FL (3.6±1.2), TF (3.3±1.2), and WA (2.4±0.6). CO exhibited the lowest ARI mean score (0.9±1.2) which was significantly different from the other five materials: TX (2.8±0.42), FM (2.8±0.42), FL (2.9±0.32), TF (2.9±0.32), and WA (3.0±0.01). However, there were no statistically significant differences among the other groups with mean scores of 2.8–3.0. A score of 3.0 indicated that all the resin remained bonded to the tooth surface.ConclusionsThe flowable resin-based composites tested (Fl, TF, and WA) used to bond metal orthodontic brackets to bovine enamel had low mean TBS values but acceptable ARI mean scores.Clinical SignificanceFlowable composites may not be appropriate for bracket bonding, unless the teeth to be bonded are not subjected to higher orthodontic stresses, such as those without an antagonist.CitationPick B, Rosa V, Azeredo TR, Filho EAMC, Miranda Júnior WG. Are Flowable Resin-Based Composites a Reliable Material for Metal Orthodontic Bracket Bonding? J Contemp Dent Pract [Internet]. 2010 July; 11(4):017-024. Available from: http://www.thejcdp.com/journal/ view/volume11-issue4-pick
Oral Hygiene Status among Orthodontic Patients
Authors: Awartani Fatin , Atassi Farhad 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the oral hygiene status of patients with fixed orthodontic appliances.Methods and MaterialsThe following indices were used to evaluate the oral hygiene status of patients in orthodontic treatment: gingival bleeding index (GBI), plaque index (PI), and ortho-plaque index (OPI). A self-administrated questionnaire was prepared covering oral hygiene practice, oral hygiene cleaning aids, and number of visits to a dental hygienist.ResultsFifty patients (15–30 years old) were selected for the study from among the orthodontic patients treated at the King Saud University College of Dentistry, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Results showed that the PI and OPI were high with mean scores of 65.24 (SD 16.43) and 53.56 (SD 8.74) respectively, while the average GBI was a much lower value at 19.14 (SD 7.95). No significant difference was observed between male and female patients for the PI (p=0.925) and for the OPI (p=0.072), but a significant difference was observed for the GBI at the 5 percent significance level (p=0.033). The result of OPI showed that 20 (40 percent) of the patients had fair oral hygiene, whereas 30 (60 percent) had poor oral hygiene. Only 16 (32 percent) of the participants reported visiting the dental hygienist during their orthodontic treatment, while the remaining 34 (68 percent) did not.ConclusionThe oral home care of the orthodontic patients surveyed was not at an optimal level, which indicated the need to establish an oral hygiene maintenance program.Clinical SignificanceInadequate oral home care among orthodontic patients may make them more prone to develop gingivitis during orthodontic treatment. It is, therefore, essential that oral hygiene instructions and a hygiene maintenance program not be overlooked during orthodontic treatment.CitationAtassi F, Awartani F. Oral Hygiene Status among Orthodontic Patients. J Contemp Dent Pract [Internet]. 2010 July; 11(4):025-032. Available from: http://www.thejcdp.com/journal/ view/volume11-issue4-atassi
Management of Crowded Class 1 Malocclusion with Serial Extractions: Report of a Case
Authors: Hashim Hayder A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimThe purpose of this article is to show the value of serial extractions in a young patient with severe crowding.BackgroundSerial extraction is a technique advocated for use by Kjellgren1 in 1948 due to a shortage of orthodontists at the time. This form of treatment was intended to facilitate the treatment of orthodontic cases by general dentists to minimize the demand upon the orthodontist.Case DescriptionAn eight-year-old Sudanese female did not like the appearance of her anterior teeth. Clinical examination revealed a Class I molar relationship, severe crowding of the maxillary and mandibular arches, minimum overjet, and minimum overbite.ResultsThe patient's treatment included serial extractions. The treatment resulted in improved esthetics, good arch alignment, and occlusion while maintaining her Class I molar relationship, overjet, and overbite.SummaryThis case demonstrated that despite the criticism some may direct toward this interceptive technique, good clinical results can be achieved in carefully selected cases.Clinical SignificanceThere are certain clinical situations when treatment planning the use of serial extractions can prove beneficial to young patients.CitationHashim HA. Management of Crowded Class 1 Malocclusion with Serial Extractions: Report of a Case. J Contemp Dent Pract [Internet]. 2010 July; 11(4):041-048. Available from: http://www.thejcdp.com/journal/view/ volume11-issue4-hashim
Continued Root-End Growth and Apexification Using a Calcium Hydroxide and Iodoform Paste (Metapex®): Three Case Reports
Authors: Tandon Shobha , Sridhar N. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimThe aim of these case reports is to present a treatment to promote root-end growth and apexification in nonvital immature permanent teeth in children.Methods and MaterialsThree cases were presented where the calcium hydroxide and iodoform paste Metapex® was placed in the root canals of immature permanent teeth using disposable plastic tips. The teeth involved were evaluated radiographically at regular intervals for the first 12 months after placement of the paste. At the end of 12 months all the cases showed continued root growth and apical closure (apexification) with no evidence of periapical pathology. Conventional endodontic treatment was then performed.ResultsIn all three of the clinical cases presented, a combination of calcium hydroxide and iodoform paste (Metapex®) was used and showed promising results in inducing root-end growth and closure after 12 months.ConclusionIn these three clinical cases, the calcium hydroxide and iodoform paste Metapex® (Meta Biomed Co. Ltd., South Korea) was found to induce apical closure when assessed radiographically. Over a period of 12 months all the cases showed continued root growth.Clinical SignificanceThe calcium hydroxide and iodoform paste Metapex® promoted continued root-end growth with apexification in the nonvital immature permanent teeth treated.CitationSridhar N, Tandon S. Continued Root-Growth and Apexification Using a Calcium Hydroxide and Iodoform Paste (Metapex®): Three Case Reports. J Contemp Dent Pract [Internet]. 2010 October; 11(5):063-070. Available from: http://www.thejcdp.com/journal/view/volume11- issue5-sridhar
Surgical Reconstruction of Interdental Papilla Using Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft (SCTG) with a Coronally Advanced Flap: A Clinical Evaluation of Five Cases
Authors: Bhongade Manohar , Jaiswal Priyanka , Tiwari Ishan , Chavan Ramesh , Banode Pankaj 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimThe aim of these case reports was to evaluate the effectiveness of a subepithelial connective tissue graft with a coronally advanced flap to reconstruct an interdental papilla.BackgroundIn the last decade, esthetics has become a major concern in periodontal therapy. One of the most difficult and elusive goals for the periodontist in the esthetic aspect of periodontal therapy is the reconstruction of the interdental papilla. Consequently, the absence or loss of the interdental papilla for a variety of reasons may create significant esthetic, functional, and phonetic challenges for the patient.Case DescriptionFive systemically healthy patients between the ages of 23 and 52 years with absence of the periodontal pocket were selected. Loss of interdental papillary height was classified using the Nordland and Tarnow classification system as class 1 to 4. All five patients received a subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) with a coronally advanced flap (CAF). Four parameters were measured at baseline and at six months post-surgery: (1) vertical distance from contact point to gingival margin, (2) soft tissue (papilla) height in the interdental area, (3) horizontal distance at the gingival margin, and (4) width of keratinized gingiva. The changes noted at six months post-surgery were (1) the vertical distance decreased from 3.2±0.44 mm to 0.4±0.54 mm, (2) the mean gain in soft tissue (papilla) height increased from 3.2±0.44 mm to 5.8±0.44 mm, (3) the horizontal distance at the gingival margin was reduced from 2.6±0.54 mm to 0.4±0.54 mm and the width of the keratinized gingiva increased 1.4±0.89 mm.ConclusionThe periodontal surgical technique used for the five reported cases successfully reconstructed the interdental papilla in just one type of papilla loss, the class I situation. Therefore, it should not be concluded that the technique shown would be equally as successful for every type of papilla loss. Furthermore, the postoperative time interval was short, at only six months.Clinical SignificanceA subepithelial connective tissue graft supported by a coronally advanced flap should be considered to surgically correct the loss of an interdental papilla in class I cases.CitationJaiswal P, Bhongade M, Tiwari I, Chavan R, Banode P. Surgical Reconstruction of Interdental Papilla Using Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft (SCTG) with a Coronally Advanced Flap: A Clinical Evaluation of Five Cases. J Contemp Dent Pract [Internet]. 2010 December; 11(6):049-057. Available from: http://www.thejcdp. com/journal/view/volume11-issue6-jaiswal
Clinical Dentin Hypersensitivity: Understanding the Causes and Prescribing a Treatment
Authors: Jacobsen Peter L. , Bruce Gretchen 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Dentin hypersensitivity is a common condition of transient tooth pain associated with a variety of exogenous stimuli. There is substantial variation in the response to such stimuli from one person to another. Except for sensitivity associated with tooth bleaching or other tooth pathology, the clinical cause of dentin hypersensitivity is exposed dentinal tubules as a result of gingival recession and subsequent loss of cementum on root surfaces. The most widely accepted theory of how the pain occurs is Brännström's hydrodynamic theory of dentin hypersensitivity. Dentinal hypersensitivity must be differentiated from other conditions that may cause sensitive teeth prior to treatment. Three principal treatment strategies are used. Dentinal tubules can be covered by gingival grafts or dental restorations. The tubules can be plugged using compounds that can precipitate together into a large enough mass to occlude the tubules. The third strategy is to desensitize the nerve tissue within the tubules using potassium nitrate. Several over-the-counter products are available to patients to treat this condition.
Herbal Nutriceuticals: A Primer for Dentists and Dental Hygenists
Authors: Meredith Michael J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHerbs have been in use for centuries to prevent and control disease. In recent history demand by the public for herbal supplements has created a multimillion-dollar industry. Herbal extracts are effective because they interact with specific chemical receptors within the body and are in a pharmacodynamic sense, drugs themselves.A matter for public concern is that herbal supplements are currently independent of regulation by the Federal Drug Administration (FDA). The FDA considers herbal products to be dietary supplements, not drugs. The National Toxicology Program has recently started to examine the composition and standardization of commercial preparations to identify potential health hazards from contaminants or product over use. Many herbal preparations have significant pharmacological effects. The problem that arises for the dental professional is the effect these products have in concert with prescription medications as well as effects on the patient's general response to medication and dental treatment. Drug interactions with the large number of commercially available herbal products can be grouped by the mechanism of most common interactions. These major types of reactions are: (1) alteration of drug metabolizing enzyme activity, (2) interactions with the blood clotting process, and (3) alteration of the inflammatory and immune response.The widespread use of herbal supplements makes it essential that healthcare providers become informed about this aspect of a patient's personal health practices.
Vital Bleaching with Whitening Strips: Summary of Clinical Research on Effectiveness and Tolerability
Authors: Gerlach Robert W. , Zhou Xiaojie 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Rapid innovation in vital bleaching has increased the popularity of tooth whitening among dental professionals and patients. A broad range of peroxide-based treatments are currently available including those that are professionally-administered (in-office), professionally-dispensed (custom-tray-based systems), and self-directed (over-the-counter). Recently, a novel, flexible polyethylene bleaching strip was introduced that delivers a hydrogen peroxide bleaching gel to the anterior dentition. This “trayless” system, available in professional-strength and over-the-counter versions, reportedly offers advantages with respect to overall peroxide dose, contact time, and ease-of-use compared to other delivery systems. This paper reviews the relevant published clinical research on whitening strips tested among a broad range of patients commonly encountered in contemporary dental practices.

Citation
Gerlach RW, Zhou X. Vital Bleaching with Whitening Strips: Summary of Clinical Research on Effectiveness and Tolerability. J Contemp Dent Pract 2001;(2)3: 001-016.
Digital Radiography: An Overview
Authors: Parks Edwin T. , Williamson Gail F. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Since the discovery of X-rays in 1895, film has been the primary medium for capturing, displaying, and storing radiographic images. It is a technology that dental practitioners are the most familiar and comfortable with in terms of technique and interpretation. Digital radiography is the latest advancement in dental imaging and is slowly being adopted by the dental profession. Digital imaging incorporates computer technology in the capture, display, enhancement, and storage of direct radiographic images. Digital imaging offers some distinct advantages over film, but like any emerging technology, it presents new and different challenges for the practitioner to overcome.
This article presents an overview of digital imaging including basic terminology and comparisons with film-based imaging. The principles of direct and indirect digital imaging modalities, intraoral and extraoral applications, image processing, and diagnostic efficacy will be discussed. In addition, the article will provide a list of questions dentists should consider prior to purchasing digital imaging systems for their practice.

Citation
Parks ET, Williamson GF. Digital Radiography: An Overview. J Contemp Dent Pract 2002 November;(3)4:023-039.
A Review of Drug-Induced Oral Reactions
Authors: Abdollahi Mohammad , Radfar Mania 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEvery drug can produce untoward consequences, even when used according to standard or recommended methods of administration. Adverse drug reactions can involve every organ and system of the body and are frequently mistaken for signs of underlying disease. Similarly, the mouth and associated structures can be affected by many drugs or chemicals. Good oral health, including salivary function, is very important in maintaining whole body health. Regarding different parts of the oral system, these reactions can be categorized to oral mucosa and tongue, periodontal tissues, dental structures, salivary glands, cleft lip and palate, muscular and neurological disorders, taste disturbances, drug-induced oral infection, and facial edema. In this article, the drugs that may cause adverse effects in the mouth and related structures are reviewed.The knowledge about drug-induced oral adverse effects helps health professionals to better diagnose oral disease, administer drugs, improve patient compliance during drug therapy, and may influence a more rational use of drugs.CitationAbdollahi M, Radfar M. A Review of Drug-Induced Oral Reactions. J Contemp Dent Pract 2003 February;(4)1:010-031.
The Application of Periodontal Screening and Recording™ (PSR) on a Military Population
Authors: Breault Lawrence G. , Covington Lemuel L. , Hokett Steven D. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Periodontal Screening and Recording™ (PSR) is a diagnostic screening tool for the early detection of periodontal disease. The purposes of this study are to utilize PSR to estimate the periodontal health status of a representative military population and to compare the results with other studies of varying populations. When used to evaluate the periodontal health of a randomly-selected military population, PSR demonstrated the following: (1) males and females had a similiar prevalence of being designated PSR+ (having PSR Code 3 score in two or more sextants or a PSR Code 4 score in at least one sextant), (2) Blacks and Hispanics had a similiar prevalence of PSR+, and (3) both groups were twice as likely to be PSR+ as were Caucasians. Although income did not appear to be a significant predictor of PSR+, PSR+ did appear to be inversely proportional to education levels. When comparing PSR scores by sextant, the following was noted: (1) the maxillary central sextant was the most disease-free, (2) the mandibular central sextant most often presented with calculus, (3) mucogingival defects were observed more frequently in maxillary posterior sextants, and (4) the maxillary right sextant demonstrated the most destruction from periodontal disease.

Citation
Covington L, Breault L, Hokett S. The Application of Periodontal Screening and Recording™ (PSR) in a Military Population. J Contemp Dent Pract 2003 August;(4)3: 024-039.
The Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act and the Practice of Dentistry in the United States: Electronic Transactions
Authors: Chasteen Joseph E. , Murphy Gretchen , Forrey Arden , Heid David 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This article reviews the kinds of electronic transactions required under the Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act (HIPAA) and relates them to relevant data contained in an electronic oral health record (EOHR). It also outlines the structure of HIPAA transactions using the claim transaction as an example. The relationship of the HIPAA resource management function to those of patient care are discussed. The discussion points out potential future uses of other existing resource management transactions to realize the maximum potential of linking the primary patient care functions to those functions related to managing resources in support of that care. This is needed in all aspects of oral health using the informatics standards activities in which the American Dental Association (ADA) actively participates. The article concludes by providing the dentist a perspective on how to relate these capabilities to his/her individual practice setting.

Citation
Chasteen JE, Murphy G, Forrey A, et. al. The Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act and the Practice of Dentistry in the United States: Electronic Transactions. J Contemp Dent Pract 2003 November;(4)4: 108-120.
Supernumerary Fourth and Fifth Molars: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Kokten Gulseren , Balcioglu Huseyin , Buyukertan Mete 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Panoramic radiographs of two female patients ages 22 and 21 revealed the presence of two impacted bilateral upper fourth molars and unilateral (right) upper fourth and fifth molars. All of the teeth were distomolars. The supernumerary teeth had normal tooth morphology with regard to their crowns and roots but were slightly smaller than the existing third molars. Their crowns were either two or three tuberculated and they all had single roots.

Citation
Kokten G, Balcioglu H, Buyukertan M. Supernumerary Fourth and Fifth Molars: A Report of Two Cases. J Contemp Dent Pract 2003 November;(4)4:067-076.
The Immediate Antimicrobial Effect of a Toothbrush and Miswak on Cariogenic Bacteria: A Clinical Study
Authors: Almas Khalid , Al-Zeid Zuhair 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the antimicrobial activity of the miswak chewing stick (Salvadora persica) in vivo, especially on streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli. The study was conducted clinically using patients’ saliva and measuring the effect of miswak (chewing stick), miswak extract, toothbrush, and normal saline on mutans and lactobacilli. Forty male subjects aged 20-45 years were included in the study; there were four groups of ten subjects each. For the study, 50% of miswak extract (solution) was used. The levels of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli were measured using commercially available Vivacare line CRT (Caries Risk Test) bacteria 2 in 1 kit.
The results showed there was a marked reduction of streptococcus mutans among all groups. When the groups were compared, the reduction of streptococcus mutans was significantly greater using miswak in comparison to toothbrushing (p = 0.013), and there was no significant difference for lactobacilli reduction (p = 0.147). It may be concluded miswak has an immediate antimicrobial effect. Streptococcus mutans were more susceptible to miswak antimicrobial activity than lactobacilli.
Dietary intake of sugar and oral health status may be considered for controlled clinical trials with special emphasis on the antibacterial activity of miswak on cariogenic bacteria for a longer period of time. A toothbrush with and without toothpaste should be compared with miswak alone. Further research is needed with a larger sample size.

Citation
Almas K, Al-Zeid Z. The Immediate Antimicrobial Effect of a Toothbrush and Miswak on Cariogenic Bacteria: A Clinical Study J Contemp Dent Pract 2004 February;(5)1:105-114.
Applying the Social Learning Theory to Children with Dental Anxiety
Authors: Do Catherine 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Through a review of the literature dental anxiety has been found to be prevalent and problematic within the child population. Dentists are forced to treat the dentally anxious child in such ways that do little to reduce the anxiety of the child and in some cases cause dental anxiety to increase. This article seeks to apply Albert Bandura's social learning theory to reduce dental anxiety in children, in a preventative nature. A description of the social learning theory is offered as well as evidence indicating the effectiveness of applying the social learning theory to dental anxiety in children. Finally, suggestions for applications within the dental office are discussed.

Citation
Do C. Applying the Social Learning Theory to Children with Dental Anxiety. J Contemp Dent Pract 2004 February;(5)1:126-135.