bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystal structure of bis(1-((2-ethyl-4-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)-1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole-κ2N:N′)tetraiodidodicadmium(II), [Cd2(C13H15N5)2I4]
Authors: Xian-Ju Shi , Shao-Ling Wang , Meng-Hui Liu , Fu-Lin Xu 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
[Cd2(C13H15N5)2I4], triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 8.1348(16) Å, b = 10.1716(17) Å, c = 11.645(3) Å, α = 76.485(18)°, β = 77.750(19)°, γ = 74.030(16)°, V = 889.4(3) Å3, Z = 1, R
gt(F) = 0.0597, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1251, T = 293(2) K.
The Banality of the Commons: Efficiency Arguments Against Common Ownership Before Hardin
Authors: Banner Stuart 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The Tragedy of the Commons tends to be remembered today as the canonical statement of the idea that commonly-owned resources will be overused. But this idea was well known for centuries before Hardin wrote. Hardin acknowledged that he got the example of cattle in a common field from the early nineteenth century economist William Forster Lloyd, and by Lloyd’s time the idea was already familiar and was already being applied to the analysis of overpopulation, Hardin’s primary concern. This paper will trace the history of the idea that common ownership is inefficient, and will suggest why The Tragedy of the Commons nevertheless quickly attained its canonical status.
Problems of the state program implementation of the Khanty-Mansiisk autonomous district – Yugra «Development of culture and tourism in the Khanty-Mansiisk autonomous district – Yugra for 2014–2020»
Authors: Kasparova Karine Arsenovna , Zelentsova Svetlana Iurevna , Kodintsev Aleksandr Iakovlevich 
Published: August 2018

A comprehensive assessment of the results of the state program implementation of the Khanty-Mansiisk autonomous district – Yugra of the culture development in the conditions of the economic crisis was carried out. It is shown that, under the condition of planned state municipal management and regulation it is possible to implement the programs of the cultural sphere development. Despite the socio-economic crisis and the presence of unsolved problems, all-Russian and international events are being held on a high-level on the district area, it means the effectiveness of public policy in the vector of culture and development.
Preoperative nutrition and postoperative liver function: a correlation study of pediatric living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Lu Ye-Feng , Wang Yan , Huang Ming-Zhu , Ren Xue-Fei , Gao Lei-Qing , Li Dan , Li Yan-Fen , Yang Yan 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Objective
There is little information focusing on the nutritional issue of pediatric recipients before they receive living donor liver transplantation. This study illustrates the relationship between nutritional status and graft liver function and provides a reference regarding nutritional interventions in future studies.

Methods
We prospectively collected data from 30 pediatric living donor liver transplant recipients from January 1, 2016, to June 30, 2016. The information included demographic data, preoperative nutritional assessment, and postoperative laboratory examinations. The nutritional assessment included the serum concentration of vitamin D, bone density, trace element, and weight Z value. The laboratory examinations included white blood cell count, neutrophil percentage, hemoglobin, blood platelet, total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, creatinine, bile acid, blood glucose (Glu), prothrombin time, international normalized ratio, tacrolimus concentration, and graft-to-recipient weight ratio (GRWR). The data were collected on Days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 14, 30, and 60 after liver transplantation.

Results
The recipients consisted of 15 (50%) males and 15 (50%) females. The median age was 7 months (4–48 months). The mean height and weight were 69.07±9.98 cm and 8.09±2.63 kg, respectively. According to the univariate analysis, the gender, diagnosis, blood type, and GRWR did not significantly impact the liver function after the operation. The posttransplantation AST levels and Glu showed significant differences in terms of the nutritional status, with P<0.05. The multivariate correlation analysis showed that the serum concentrations of vitamin D and AST were midrange positively correlated, with P<0.05.

Conclusions
The nutritional status of patients with biliary atresia is relatively poor. There is a definite midrange positive correlation between nutrition and graft liver function that might play a relatively important role in the recovery of the graft.
Lithological maps visualizing the achievements of geological sciences in the first half of the 19th century
Authors: Szaniawska Lucyna 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The paper discusses selected maps of rock strata which exemplify the evolution stages of presentation methods of cartographic data concerning the geological structure of selected countries (France, Great Britain and Germany) which in the first half of the nineteenth century constituted the leaders of the field. The results of geologists’ work are used to present the content of maps, provide explanations and showcase the methods and techniques chosen by the maps’ creators. The analysed maps are accompanied by geological writings which contain descriptions of the chronological order within rock formations and strata defined on the basis of fossils, methods of recreating the geological history of individual regions, and attempts of compiling the acquired knowledge and using it to describe larger areas. The author discusses also two maps of Europe published in the mid-nineteenth century, which are the result of cooperation and research achievements of geologists from different countries.
Forgive our presumption: a difficult reading of Matthew 23:1-3
Authors: Stuckert Jonathan D. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In Matthew 23:1-3, Jesus commands His disciples and the crowd to listen to the scribes and Pharisees even while not imitating their actions. Many modern interpreters have lessened the force of Matthew 23:1-3 by an assumption of irony on the part of Jesus. We presume that God could never ordain this for His people. However, this easier reading may not be the best reading. A more straightforward interpretation, but one that is difficult to hear, suggests that at times we may need to sit under bad leadership as means of receiving God’s Word. Pre-critical and modern interpreters provide an understanding of the words of Jesus that is consistent with a theology of God’s providence in times of transition and bad leadership. In addition, there are instances of His direction in both the Old and New Testaments that reinforce this challenging path. It is through this more faithful stance that we grow and flourish in difficult times.
Leaders on ladders: the power of story in John’s Gospel
Authors: Crider Amy L. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In his Gospel, John reveals this key leadership principle: effective leaders harness the power of narrative to illuminate the metanarrative and connect people to it. John uses narrative techniques to make invisible spiritual realities visible and thus succeeds in connecting people to the metanarrative. John forges a link between people and the metanarrative by showing individuals how their own stories fit into the biblical metanarrative, fulfilling his purpose: ‘These are written that you may believe…’ (20:31). The church is transmitted through the ages by leaders who write. Because the metanarrative is a story and story is accessible to all audiences, the biblical metanarrative is not dependent on culture, time, or context; it transcends the ages, enabling John to lead and write from the present as well as for the future. Thus, John illuminates the metanarrative not only for the infant church but for all Christians to come. Christian leaders today also need to communicate so their people can see their place in the metanarrative of Scripture.
Concepts and action: where does the embodiment debate leave us?
Authors: Shipp Nicholas J. , Vallée-Tourangeau Frédéric , Anthony Susan H. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The behavioural evidence of sensorimotor activity during conceptual processing, along with that from neurological research, ignited the debate around the extent to which concept representations are embodied or amodal. Such evidence continues to fuel the debate but it is open to interpretation as being consistent with a variety of the theoretical positions and so it is possible that further, similar evidence may not lead to its resolution. In this paper we propose that independent value accrues from following this line of research through the enhanced understanding of the factors that influence agents’ conceptual processing of action and how this interacts with the agent’s goals in real environments. This approach is in line with broad principles of embodied cognition and is worthy of pursuit regardless of what the results may (or may not) tell us about conceptual representation.
A Constructivist Approach to the Teaching of Mathematics to Boost Competences Needed for Sustainable Development
Authors: Vintere Anna 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The constructivist approach is based on the idea that knowledge can never be passed from one person to another. The only way to acquire knowledge is to create or construct them. The constructivist approach changes also the role of the teacher in the educational process, the task of them is to organize the environment so that the student himself can construct the cognitive forms that teacher wants to give him. In the paper, the nature of the constructivist approach is identified, different aspects regarding mathematics education are analysed as well as the potential impact on the development of mathematical competences in the context of sustainable development is discussed. The study process and learning methods appropriate to constructivist approach also were studied. In order to illustrate the need for a constructivist approach in mathematics education, the survey of students from Latvia University of Life Science and Technologies (LLU) and Riga Technical University (RTU) were carried out, the results of which proved that mathematics learning at universities has to be changed. The current study proved that the constructivist approach radically changes the process of teaching and learning mathematics, connecting it with daily life, rather than teaching only abstract formulas and using a creative approach to mathematical tasks solving. This study shows that using constructivist approach to the teaching of mathematics, the competences needed for sustainable development are boosted.
Shared Rule vs Self-Rule? Bicameralism, Power-Sharing and the ‘Joint Decision Trap’
Authors: Benz Arthur 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In federal and regionalised states, bicameralism constitutes shared rule between levels of governments. At the same time, second chambers serve as a safeguard protecting selfrule of decentralised governments against the encroachments of central legislation into their areas of responsibility. Both functions seem to be best fulfilled in legislative systems requiring joint decisions of legislative chambers. Depending on particular conditions, joint decision-making involves the risk that legislation ends with ineffective compromises or even fails. Under favourable conditions, it provides a productive structure to apply shared rule and protect self-rule. Comparative studies can identify these conditions, and appropriate ways to adjust institutional designs of bicameralism accordingly, bearing in mind that significant institutional reforms of bicameral systems are difficult to achieve.
Beyond Second Chambers: Alternative Representation of Territorial Interests and Their Reasons
Authors: Palermo Francesco 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The paper contends that bicameral systems, irrespective of their differences in composition and powers, are unfit to represent territorial interests in the national decisionmaking process, except in some residual cases. What subnational entities seek is participation rather than representation. This is why alternative, executive-based institutions in which also the national government is present are mushrooming and second chambers are ineffective as territorial bodies. Furthermore, there is a clear trend to move from bicameralism to bilateralism, meaning that instead of taking advantage of ineffective multilateral institutions, strong subnational units try to channel their claims through bilateral instruments. Overall, the unresolved dilemma of subnational representation has little to do with the architecture of second chambers and rather lays in the tension between individual and collective representation.
History of a (Limited) Success: Five Points on the Representativeness of the Committee of the Regions
Authors: Martinico Giuseppe 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This article briefly explores the reasons why the Committee of the Regions (CoR) has only partially accomplished its representative function. It is divided into three parts. In the first part I argue that the ambiguous nature of the CoR is the consequence of the polysemous notion of ‘region’ in EU law (Palermo, 2005) and of the very heterogeneous approach to the ‘federal issue’ in Europe. In the second part of the article I look at the recent developments that have given the CoR new powers, for instance in light of Art. 263 TFEU in order to defend its own prerogatives and Art. 8 of Protocol No 2 on the application of the principles of subsidiarity and proportionality. This will be done by looking at a recent resolution of the CoR on a proposal made by the EU Commission to amend Regulation (EU) No 1303/2013. Finally, I deal with some proposals that have been advanced to strengthen the role of the CoR, and their feasibility.
Extra-legislative Functions of Second Chambers in Federal Systems
Authors: Happacher Esther 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Discussions regarding the functional design of second chambers in federal or quasifederal systems seem to focus mainly on legislative functions. Thus, extra- or nonlegislative functions related to the executive branch or the judiciary have been rather neglected in the literature. This paper will examine the extra-legislative functions of second chambers which include Austria, Belgium, Germany, Italy, Spain, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. By grouping the functions into different categories (relations with the Government, appointment functions and functions in the field of international affairs, powers in relation to the European Union and functions granted to maintain the legitimate constitutional order), their effectiveness in serving the purposes of bicameralism, and of regional representation, will be explored.
Four Year Results of Conservative Treatment of Benign Strictures of the Esophagus with Savary Gilliard Technique of Bougienage: Cross-Sectional Study Representing First Experiences in Republic of Macedonia
Authors: Andreevski Vladimir , Deriban Gorgi , Isahi Urim , Mishevski Jane , Dimitrova Magdalena , Caloska Viktorija , Joksimovic Nenad , Popova Rozalinda , Serafimovski Vladimir 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background: Benign esophageal strictures are complications resulting from various causes. They can be structurally categorized in two groups: simple and complex. Treatment is similar in most cases that require dilatation and means use of three general types of dilators that are currently in use. However, despite the last guidelines on esophageal dilatation, the therapeutic response, optimal timing of treatment and interval between sessions may vary and there is no strong consensus in the literature regarding this fact.

Aims: To analyzethe first 4 year experience of Digestive Endoscopy Unit at the University Clinic of Gastroenterohepatology of the Medical Faculty, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia in treating benign esophageal strictures, since the Savary-Gilliard technique of “bougienage” was introduced for the first time in Republic of Macedonia, at our Institution, in December 2013, by assessing etiology, length of stricture, number of dilations required to achieve satisfactory therapeutic response, as well as the relationship between the type, extent of stenosis and therapeutic response.

Methods: One hundred and forty five dilations, during a period from 20th December 2013, until March 2017, have been analyzed in 31 patients

Results: The caustic strictures were the most prevalent, occurring in 15 (48%) of patients, followed by peptic stenosis presenting 26% of patients. The long and corrosive strictures needed more sessions to the absence of dysphagia. Peptic and short stenoses best respondedon treatment and needed fewer dilatation sessions per patient.

Conclusion: Caustic stricture is the most common type of benign esophageal stenosis and the most refractory to treatment, especially the long one. Peptic stenosis is the second cause of benign esophageal strictures and responded well to endoscopic therapy. The higher the extent of stenosis, the greater the number of sessions required. Short strictures have good prognoses in most cases. The number of dilations depended directly on the cause and extent of stenosis. Bouginage using Savary-Gilliard or American type of technique, irrespective of the type and the extent of esophageal stenosis, is safe and purposeful procedure.
Analysis of Bone Metabolism in Children with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Jakovska Tatjana 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
One of the most important CF-related conditions is the bone disease, which is nowadays acknowledged as a significant clinical complication of CF. Imbalance between bone formation and degradation in cystic fibrosis (CF) has become an important issue for developing osteopenia. The aim of the study was to assess bone formation and resorption process with bone markers in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). Materials and methods: The study included 35 clinically stable children with CF who regularly attended the Cystic fibrosis center at the University Pediatric Clinic in Skopje, R. Macedonia. The control group was presented with 21 healthy children at the same age. Serum osteocalcin (OC), β cross laps, 25OHD and PTH were determined by ELISA assays in the CF group (mean age 8.25±SD1.9 y.) and in age-match controls (7.5±1.9 y.). Results: Vitamin D in the CF group was (23.83±10.9 ng/ml versus 25.6±11.53 in the control group, p=0.57), OC (70.88±34.24 ng/ml v.100.02±47.98, p=0.01) βcrosslaps (1.35±0.72 ng/ml v.1.54±0.73, p=0.37) and PTH (37.39±25.5 pg/ml v. 36.76±25.73, p=0.92). In the study, we did not find a significant difference for 25OHD between CF and healthy controls. OC in children with CF correlates significantly with the control and indicates a decreased formation rate whereas resorption rate is normal. Conclusion: Our results suggest that bone turnover in CF is impaired in childhood. Serum markers for bone formation can be used for predicting osteopenia in children with CF.
Avaliação da política nacional dos resíduos sólidos em Jaú-SP: sob o enfoque das relações sociais
Authors: Palacio dos Santos Larissa Maria , De Lorenzo Helena Carvalho 
Published: August 2018

A Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, Lei 12.305/2010, surgiu no intuito de solucionar os impasses relacionados aos resíduos sólidos. Aos municípios implicou na incumbência de formular e implementar um Plano de Gerenciamento de Resíduos Sólidos (PMGRS), e eliminar os lixões à céu aberto, exigências que não têm sido devidamente cumpridas. O presente artigo têm por objetivo mostrar quais são as origens das dificuldades municipais, e ressaltar a importância das relações entre os atores sociais para os resultados da implementação desta política pública, diferenciando-se assim dos demais estudos sobre o tema. Foram pesquisados dados secundários obtidos de fontes oficiais sobre a evolução do gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos no município de Jaú, SP, em jornais, revistas e documentos oficiais, assim como forma consultados artigos, teses, dissertações sobre o tema em questão. Os dados primários foram obtidos por entrevistas semiestruturadas com os principais agentes da implementação da política. Observou-se que embora o município tenha se adequado formalmente às propostas legais, a gestão municipal de resíduos teve avanços mínimos, e poucas ações foram concluídas. Atribuem-se os resultados pouco satisfatórios da política, à formulação precária, às mudanças de gestão e de equipes nas fases de formulação e implementação da política, que implicaram em redes de atores difusas, e a outras questões já ressaltadas como hipóteses pela revisão bibliográfica do tema.
Formulación de una propuesta de líneas de investigación para el programa de Ingeniería Industrial
Authors: Rojas Rincón Arturo 
Published: August 2018

Los procesos académicos se encuentran en permanente desarrollo. El programa de Ingeniería Industrial de la Universidad Autónoma de Colombia, ha venido, dentro de un programa de mejoramiento continuo, validando las líneas de investigación propias del programa. En este artículo se presentan los resultados de la ultima actualización que se dio en el mes de Junio del año 2007.
ANALISIS FAKTOR – FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI MINAT LULUSAN TEKNISI AKUNTANSI UNTUK BEKERJA DI BIDANG PERPAJAKAN
Authors: Noermansyah Asrofi Langgeng , Mahmudah Nurul 
Published: August 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor – faktor yang mempengaruhi minat lulusan teknisi akuntansi untuk bekerja dibidang perpajakan. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer yang diperoleh dari penyebaran kuesioner. Sampel yang digunakan adalah lulusan teknisi akuntansi pada Prodi D-III Akuntansi Politeknik Harapan Bersama Tegal tahun 2017. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 205 orang lulusan teknisi akuntansi. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah random sampling. Teknik analisa data yang digunakan adalah uji regresi linier berganda dengan menggunakan program SPSS versi 22. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel pengetahuan tentang brevet pajak, sikap terhadap profesi perpajakan, norma subjektif terhadap profesi perpajakan dan kontrol perilaku terhadap profesi perpajakan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap minat lulusan teknisi akuntansi untuk bekerja dibidang perpajakan. Sedangkan variabel pengetahuan tentang pajak tidak berpengaruh terhadap minat lulusan teknisi akuntansi untuk bekerja dibidang perpajakan. Kata Kunci : pengetahuan pajak, sikap terhadap profesi perpajakan, norma subjektif terhadap profesi perpajakan, kontrol perilaku terhadap profesi perpajakan