bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro characterization of Lactobacillus crispatus IP174178 and its live biotherapeutic product for prevention of vaginal infections
Authors: Dausset Caroline , Daniel Christelle , Brami Gilles , Nivoliez Adrien 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background : Probiotics enhance human well-being. They can be used either as a preventive approach to maintain the microbiota or as an add-on treatment for some diseases. The lactobacilli constitute the predominant vaginal microorganism and have been associated with a beneficial effect in vaginal health by protecting and controlling the vaginal microbiota against bacterial vaginosis, vaginal candidiasis, and urinary tract infection. Results: We investigated the probiotic properties of the new vaginal Lactobacillus crispatus IP174178 strain isolated from healthy women. Lactobacillus crispatus IP174178 strain was identified by 16S rRNA sequencing and by biochemical characterization. L. crispatus IP174178 is Gram positive, Catalase negative, ADH negative, and an H 2 0 2 (5 mM) and lactic acid (D-lactate 6 g/l, L-lactate 3 g/l) producer, with a strong adherence capacity. Its sensitivity to antibiotics was evaluated. Conclusions: The native strain L. crispatus IP174178 showed natural antagonistic properties against vaginal pathogens ( Gardenerella vaginalis , Candida spp.) which is potentiated in its commercial live biotherapeutic product Physioflor ® . The L. crispatus IP174178 strain and its live biotherapeutic product Physioflor ® can thus be considered a good probiotic candidate for the prevention of vaginal infections.
Ringworm in calves: Risk factors, improved molecular diagnosis, and efficacy of Aloe vera gel extract for treatment
Authors: Tartor Yasmine Hasanine , El-Neshwy Wafaa M. I. , Merwad Abdallah M. A. , El-Maati Mohamed F. Abo , Mohamed Rehab E. , Dahshan Hesham M. , Mahmoud Hala I. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Calves dermatophytosis is a major public and veterinary health problem worldwide due to its zoonotic potential and economic losses in cattle farms. However, it has lacked adequate attention; thereby for effective control measures it is worth determining ringworm prevalence, risk factors and direct sample nested-PCR diagnostic indices as compared to conventional methods for dermatophytes identification. Moreover, Aloe vera gel extract (AGE) phenolic composition and its in-vitro and in-vivo anti-dermatophytic activity in comparison to antifungal drugs were evaluated. Results: Of 760 examined calves, 55.79 % showed ringworm lesions. 84.91% were positive for fungal elements in direct microscopy, and 79.72% were culture positive. Trichophyton verrucosum was the most frequently identified dermatophytes (90.24%). Risk of dermatophytosis is high in 4-6 month than 1-month aged calves (60% versus 41%), in summer and winter compared to spring and autumn seasons (66% and 54% versus 48%). Poor hygienic conditions, intensive breeding system, animals raised for meat production, parasitic infestation, crossbreed, and newly purchased animals were statistically significant risk factors correlated with dermatophytosis. One-step PCR targeting conserved regions in the 18S and 28S genes achieved unequivocal identification of T. verrucosum and T. mentagrophytes in hair samples. Nested-PCR achieved an excellent performance in all tested diagnostic indices and increased the species-specific detection of dermatophytes by 20 % as compared to culture. Terbinafine and miconazole were the most active antifungal agents for dermatophytes. Gallic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, cinnamic acid, aloe-Emodin, quercetin, and rutin are the major phenolic compounds of AGE identified by High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). These compounds increased and synergized the anti-dermatophytic activity of AGE. The treated groups showed significantly lower clinical scores than the control group ( P < 0.05). The calves were successfully treated with topical AGE (500 ppm) resulting in clinical and mycological cure within 14-28 day of the experiment. Conclusions: Implementation of nested-PCR assay providing a rapid diagnostic tool for dermatophytosis augments and complement the conventional methods for initiating targeted treatments of calves ringworm. The recognized anti-dermatophytic potential of AGE is advantageous countenance to commercial drugs to go used in therapeutics.
Urban and Rural Disparities in Healthcare Utilization and Expenditures Among Rural Hukou Beneficiaries of New Cooperative Medical Scheme in China
Authors: Luo Dian , Ma Yingjie , Deng Jing 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background The New Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS) is a social health insurance available to rural Chinese residents. Over time, several concerns to this system have been raised, including disparities among healthcare utilization and expenditures. Most studies only discuss disparities in general in NCMS, with few studies concentrating on comparing disparities between urban and rural regions. Moreover, this issue has an increasing importance due to the rapid population growth of rural migrants. Therefore, we conducted our study to explore urban and rural disparities among NCMS beneficiaries.Methods Our study is based on Chinese Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) for 2015. Our targeted sample is individuals with rural hukou and only covered by NCMS. We define and use influential factors in our logistic regressions and descriptive tables to compare urban and rural disparities among these NCMS beneficiaries. Results In terms of inpatient care, urban beneficiaries have a lower probability (OR=1.013, P=0.892) and frequency (1.39 vs. 1.47, P=0.131) of having an inpatient visit than rural beneficiaries. However, urban beneficiaries have higher out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures among inpatient visit (￥6788.98 vs. ￥6163.92, P=0.470) and medicine (￥3907.30 vs. ￥2649.67, P<0.01). In addition, urban beneficiaries were found to have higher reimbursement of inpatient visit (￥4457.66 vs. ￥4127.83, P<0.001) and medicine (￥2466.93 vs. ￥1774.55, P<0.05). In terms of outpatient care, urban beneficiaries have less possibility (OR=1.074, P=0.384) and frequency (2.15 vs. 2.26, P=0.225) of an outpatient visit than rural beneficiaries. Moreover, compared to rural beneficiaries, urban beneficiaries have less out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures of outpatient visit (￥709.80 vs. ￥ 710.98, P=0.608) and drugs (￥448.68 vs. ￥ 522.95, P=0.645), and less reimbursement of outpatient visit (￥296.03 vs. ￥ 344.51, P=0.808) and drugs (￥99.25 vs. ￥ 114.60, P<0.05).Conclusion In terms of healthcare utilization, rural beneficiaries have both higher probability and frequency of inpatient and outpatient visits. In terms of healthcare expenditures, urban beneficiaries get more inpatient reimbursement with higher inpatient expenditures, while rural beneficiaries get more outpatient reimbursement with higher outpatient expenditures. Both situations have not solid answer yet, and therefore require further research.
Endosomal trafficking of the EGFR mutant, EGFRvIII, results in exosomal secretion that triggers astrocyte reactivity
Authors: Memarzadeh Kimiya , Patrizz Anthony N , Koellhoffer Edward C. , Gireud-Goss Monica , Bean Andrew 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) variant three (EGFRvIII) mutation is linked with approximately one third of Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) tumors and is associated with poor patient prognosis. Persistent signaling due to a lack of the EGFR ectodomain and inefficient degradation have been suggested to underlie the tumorgenic properties of EGFRvIII. Methods: Cell viability and trans-well migration assays were used to determine the effects that expression of the oncoprotein, EGFRvIII, had on glioma cells. A cell-free reconstitution assay developed by our laboratory was utilized to determine trafficking of EGFR and EGFRvIII at the late endosome and determine molecular requirements for inward budding of proteins into the MVB. Western Blot Analysis and Nanosight Tracking Analysis were used to characterize exosomes by protein marker presence and vesicle size, respectively. Immunohistochemistry and Western Blot analysis were used to determine astrocyte reactivity marked by GFAP expression. Results: Like the parental EGFR, we observed that EGFRvIII is internalized into the intraluminal vesicles of late endosomes / multivesicular bodies (MVBs) but does not follow the canonical pathway by which wild-type EGFR is degraded following MVB fusion with lysosomes. These studies suggested that EGFRvIII is secreted on exosomes, the intraluminal vesicles that are secreted upon MVB fusion with the plasma membrane, suggested that EGFRvIII is localized in a subset of MVBs that preferentially fuse with the plasma membrane rather than with lysosomes which may account for its decreased degradation. Astrocytes are a component of the GBM tumor microenvironment with which tumor cells interact in a paracrine manner. EGFRvIII-containing exosomes derived from GBM cells induce changes in astrocytes that mimic reactive astrogliosis including an increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Conclusions: These studies reveal novel aspects of the endocytic trafficking of EGFRvIII that underlie its reduced degradation and the mechanism by which it is packaged into exosomes for secretion. Moreover, EGFRvIII secretion on exosomes can facilitate changes in the tumor microenvironment to enable tumor growth.
Reinvestigation of the origins of pineal meningiomas based on its related veins and arachnoid membranes
Authors: Yu Lei , Orazmyradov Berdimyrat , Qi Songtao , Song Ye , Fang Luxiong 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: A series of patients harboring pineal region meningiomas were respectively analyzed to explore the origin of these tumors and the true meaning of the term "velum interpositum (VI) meningiomas".Methods: 21 patients with pineal meningiomas underwent operation in Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University from January 2005 to December 2016 were retrospectively included to analyze the clinical features, imaging findings and surgical video data of these patients. According to the method of literature, the data of this group were also divided into falcotentorial (FT) meningiomas and VI meningiomas, and the differences between the two types of tumors were compared.Results: Among the 21 cases of tumor, there were 12 cases of FT meningiomas, including 4 cases originating from cerebral falx, 4 cases from tentorium of cerebellum and 4 cases from straight sinus; there were 9 cases of VI meningiomas, 7 of which originated from the arachnoid sleeve of the Galen vein, 1 from the posterior part of the internal cerebral vein and 1 from the posterior surface of the pineal gland. Postoperative pathological examination showed meningiomas in all the 21 patients, including 16 cases of total resection and 5 cases of subtotal resection. Postoperatively limitation of binocular vertical motion was found in 3 cases, homotropic hemianopia in 7 cases, hemiplegia in 1 case and death in 1 case.Conclusions: This study suggests that pineal meningiomas are more suitable to be described by FT meningioma and primary pineal meningiomas by analyzing the origin of tumors. The term "VI meningiomas" can not accurately reflect the origin of pineal meningiomas. Before the removal of pineal meningiomas, more attention should be paid to the effects of the two types of tumors on the Galen vein and the straight sinus, and the establishment of venous collateral circulation.
Comparative genomic analysis of 142 bacteriophages infecting Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica
Authors: Gao Ruimin , Naushad Sohail , Moineau Sylvain , Goodridge Lawrence , Ogunremi Dele 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Bacteriophages are bacterial parasites and are considered the most abundant and diverse biological entities on the planet. Previously we identified 154 prophages from 151 serovars of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica . A detailed analysis of Salmonella prophage genomics is required given the influence of phages on their bacterial hosts and should provide a broader understanding of Salmonella biology and virulence and contribute to the practical applications of phages as vectors and antibacterial agents. Results: Comparative analysis of the full genome sequences of 142 prophages of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica retrieved from public databases revealed an extensive variation in genome sizes (6.4- 358.7 kb) and guanine plus cytosine (GC) content (35.5-65.4%) and a linear correlation between the genome size and the number of open reading frames (ORFs). We used three approaches to compare the phage genomes. The NUCmer/MUMmer genome alignment tool was used to evaluate linkages and correlations based on nucleotide identity between genomes. Multiple sequence alignment was performed to calculate genome average nucleotide identity using the Kalgin program. Finally, genome synteny was explored using dot plot analysis. We found that 90 phage genome sequences grouped into 17 distinct clusters while the remaining 52 genomes showed no close relationships with the other phage genomes and are identified as singletons. We generated genome maps using nucleotide and amino acid sequences which allowed protein-coding genes to be sorted into phamilies (phams) using the Phamerator software. Out of 5796 total assigned phamilies, one phamily was observed to be dominant and was found in 49 prophages, or 34.5% of the 142 phages in our collection. A majority of the phamilies, 4330 out of 5796 (74.7%), occurred in just one prophage underscoring the high degree of diversity among Salmonella bacteriophages. Conclusions: Based on nucleotide and amino acid sequences, a high diversity was found among Salmonella bacteriophages which validate the use of prophage sequence analysis as a highly discriminatory subtyping tool for Salmonella. Thorough understanding of the conservation and variation of prophage genomic characteristics will facilitate their rational design and use as tools for bacterial strain construction, vector development and as anti-bacterial agents.
Whole genome resequencing of the Iranian native dogs and wolves to unravel variome during dog domestication
Authors: Ghanatsaman Zeinab Amiri , Wang Guo-Dong , Fozi Masood Asadi , Peng Min-Sheng , Esmailizadeh Ali , Zhang Ya-Ping 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background

Advances in genome technology have simplified a new comprehension of the genetic and historical processes crucial to rapid phenotypic evolution under domestication. To get new insight into the genetic basis of the dog domestication process, we conducted whole-genome sequence analysis of three wolves and three dogs from Iran which covers the eastern part of the Fertile Crescent located in Southwest Asia where the independent domestication of most of the plants and animals has been documented and also high haplotype sharing between wolves and dog breeds has been reported.

Results

Higher diversity was found within the wolf genome compared with the dog genome. A total of 10.45, 7.82, 3.11 and 2.24 million SNPs and small Indels were identified within wolf and dog genomes, respectively. A total of 10,571 copy number variation regions (CNVRs) were detected across the 6 individual genomes, covering 154.65 Mb, or 6.41%, of the reference genome. The genes related to olfactory and immune systems were enriched in the set of structural variants (SVs) identified in this work. Annotation of genomic variations showed that in general the proportion of genomic variations in the intron and intergenic regions in wolf genome is higher than that in dog genome while their proportion in the coding sequences and 3'-UTR in dog genome is higher than that in wolf genome. Generally, genes engaged in digestion and metabolism and neurological process had an important role in the process of dog domestication.

Conclusions

By providing the first Iranian dog and wolf variome map, our findings contribute to understanding the genetic architecture of the dog domestication.
Integrating brief alcohol interventions with tobacco addictions treatment in primary care: qualitative study of health care practitioner perceptions
Authors: Minian Nadia , Noormohamed Aliya , Lingam Mathangee , Zawertailo Laurie , Foll Bernard Le , Rehm Jürgen , Giesbrecht Norman , Samokhvalov Andriy V. , Baliunas Dolly , Selby Peter 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background
Randomized trials of complex interventions are increasingly including qualitative components to further understand factors that contribute to the success of complex interventions. In this paper, we explore the experiences of health care professionals who participated in the COMBAT trial; a web-based intervention implemented in the Ontario-wide Smoking Treatment for Ontario Patients (STOP) Program to prompt primary care practitioner delivery of a brief alcohol intervention as part of a smoking cessation program. This study conducted qualitative interviews with primary care practitioners to understand the factors influencing implementation and acceptability of the intervention.
Methods
Twenty three primary care practitioners were selected for a qualitative interview using intensity sampling, ensuring representation across study arms, organization types, and rates of intervention delivery. Interviews were 45 to 90 minutes in length and conducted by phone using an interview guide that was informed the National Implementation Research Network’s Hexagon tool. Interview recordings were transcribed and coded iteratively between three researchers to achieve consensus on emerging themes.
Results
Most interviewed practitioners recognized the need to simultaneously address risky alcohol use and tobacco use, and shared that this type of work fits within the priorities of their respective clinics. Although most practitioners were knowledgeable about the evidence of health risks associated with dual alcohol and tobacco use, most still felt they could have benefited from additional training – beyond the two webinars delivered by the STOP program – prior to the launch of the COMBAT initiative. Practitioners acknowledged the value of adding a validated screening tool to the STOP program’s baseline questionnaire; however, following through with a brief intervention and referral to treatment proved challenging due to limited time.
Conclusions
While practitioners recognized the value of the COMBAT initiative, insufficient training and time were frequently reported as barriers to adoption and delivery. The results of the study also show that practitioners’ beliefs were reflective of the current social norms around alcohol use and this influenced their decision to offer a brief alcohol intervention to patients. Future designs of primary care-based interventions need emphasize organizational and sociocultural factors as part of the design.
Women's Experiences of Rectovaginal Fistula: An Ethno- Religious Experience
Authors: Nezhad Fatemeh Touhidi , Jalali Rostam , Karimi Fozieh 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Obstetric fistulas are one of the most tragic injuries that occur after difficult, prolonged childbirth without timely intervention. These fistulas cause discomfort to patients and result in emotional, social, and even physical suffering. The aim of the present study was to explore the experiences of women with rectovaginal fistula in Kamyaran city, in Kurdestan province, west of Iran.
Methods: In a phenomenological study, 16 patients, healthcare personnel and patients' families were investigated. Purposive sampling was performed and Study participants were interviewed in-depth semi-structured interviews. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim (word by word) and analyzed by Colaizzi's method. In order to determine the validity of the study, Lincoln and Guba’s criteria, which include credibility, dependability, transferability, and confirmability, were considered.
Results: Five general themes and ten sub-themes emerged after investigating interviews. Themes include religious harassment the sub-theme of being defiled), fail (subthemes of loss and negative attitudes, disrupted sex (the subtheme of sexual dissatisfaction), consequence (three subthemes of sleep disturbance, mental crisis, and isolation), and ultimately panic (three subthemes of humiliation, secrecy, and fear).
Conclusion: The rectovaginal fistula is a complex and multifaceted problem with social, individual, familial, religious, and ethnic-environmental dimensions, so there is no simple solution to interact with this problem and there is a need to find a solution, considering the dimensions of the problem and plan for help these patients cope with their disease, and take steps to fully treat it.
Ultrasound measurement of laryngeal structures in the parasagittal plane for the prediction of difficult laryngoscopies in Chinese adults
Authors: Ni Hongwei , Guan Chunming , He Guangbao , Bao Yang , Shi Dongping , Zhu Yijun 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Abstract
Background: Abnormal laryngeal structures are likely to be associated with a difficult laryngoscopy procedure. Currently, laryngeal structures can be measured by ultrasonography, however, little research has been performed on the potential role of ultrasound on the evaluation of a difficult laryngoscopy. The present study investigated the value of laryngeal structure measurements for predicting a difficult laryngoscopy.
Objective: The main objective of this study was to explore the value of laryngeal structure measurements for predicting a difficult laryngoscopy.
Methods: Two hundred and eleven adult patients (over 18 years old) were recruited to undergo elective surgery under general anesthesia via endotracheal intubation. Ultrasound was utilized to measure the distance between the skin and thyroid cartilage (DST), the distance between the thyroid cartilage and epiglottis (DTE), and the distance between the skin and epiglottis (DSE) in the parasagittal plane. These metrics were then investigated as predictors for classifying a laryngoscopy as difficult vs easy, as defined by the Cormack and Lehane grading scale.
Results: Multivariate logistic regression showed that the DSE, but not DST or DTE, was significantly related to difficult laryngoscopies. Specifically, a DSE ≥ 2.36 cm predicted difficult laryngoscopies with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.818 (95% CI: 0.766-0.870) and 0.856 (95% CI: 0.809-0.904). Furthermore, when combining the best model constructed of other indicators (i.e. sex, body mass index, modified Mallampati test) to predict the difficult laryngoscopy, the AUC reached 93.28%.
Conclusion: DSE is an independent predictor of a difficult laryngoscopy; a DSE cutoff value of 2.36 cm is a better predictor of a difficult laryngoscope than other ultrasound or physiological measurements for predicting a difficult laryngoscope. Nevertheless, it's more valuable to apply the best model of this study, composed of various physiological measurements, for this prediction purpose.
Key words: difficult airway ;endotracheal intubation ; ultrasound