bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facile synthesis of sesame‐husk‐like porous SnO2 nanocylinders as anodes for high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Dai Peng , Hu Haibo , Jiang Tongtong , Yu Xinxin , Bai Zhiman , Wu Mingzai 
Published: October 2018

Sesame‐husk‐like porous SnO2 nanocylinders were synthesised by a refluxed technique followed calcination in air. Served as anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries, porous SnO2 nanocylinders showed a higher initial discharge capacity of 2411.3 mAh/g at 100 mA/g compared with non‐porous SnO2 nanocylinders (2043.6 mAh/g). Moreover, porous SnO2 nanocylinders demonstrated better cyclability and rate capability in comparison with non‐porous SnO2 nanocylinders. For porous SnO2 nanocylinders, a higher discharge capacity of 414.5 mAh/g after 50 cycles at a current density of 100 mA/g can be successfully delivered, and a higher reversible capacity of 248.3 mAh/g at 1000 mA/g current density after 100 cycles could be retained. The improved electrochemical performance is mainly ascribed to the unique porous nanostructures.
Forward modelling of brightness variations in Sun-like stars
Authors: Işık E. , Solanki S. K. , Krivova N. A. , Shapiro A. I. 
Published: October 2018

Context. The latitudinal distribution of starspots deviates from the solar pattern with increasing rotation rate. Numerical simulations of magnetic flux emergence and transport can help model the observed stellar activity patterns and the associated brightness variations.
Aims. We set up a composite model for the processes of flux emergence and transport on Sun-like stars to simulate stellar brightness variations for various levels of magnetic activity and rotation rates.
Methods. Assuming that the distribution of magnetic flux at the base of the convection zone follows solar scaling relations, we calculate the emergence latitudes and tilt angles of bipolar regions at the surface for various rotation rates, using thin-flux-tube simulations. Taking these two quantities as input to a surface flux transport (SFT) model, we simulate the diffusive-advective evolution of the radial field at the stellar surface, including effects of active region nesting.
Results. As the rotation rate increases, (1) magnetic flux emerges at higher latitudes and an inactive gap opens around the equator, reaching a half-width of 20° for 8 Ω⊙; and (2) the tilt angles of freshly emerged bipolar regions show stronger variations with latitude. Polar spots can form at 8 Ω⊙ by accumulation of follower-polarity flux from decaying bipolar regions. From 4 Ω⊙ to 8 Ω⊙, the maximum spot coverage changes from 3 to 20%, respectively, compared to 0.4% in the solar model. Nesting of activity can lead to strongly non-axisymmetric spot distributions.
Conclusions. On Sun-like stars rotating at 8 Ω⊙ (Prot ≃ 3 days), polar spots can form, owing to higher levels of flux emergence rate and tilt angles. Defining spots by a threshold field strength yields global spot coverages that are roughly consistent with stellar observations.
Mapping EK Draconis with PEPSI
Authors: Järvinen S. P. , Strassmeier K. G. , Carroll T. A. , Ilyin I. , Weber M. 
Published: October 2018

Aims. We present the first temperature surface map of EK Dra from very-high-resolution spectra obtained with the Potsdam Echelle Polarimetric and Spectroscopic Instrument (PEPSI) at the Large Binocular Telescope.
Methods. Changes in spectral line profiles are inverted to a stellar surface temperature map using our iMap code. The long-term photometric record is employed to compare our map with previously published maps.
Results. Four cool spots were reconstructed, but no polar spot was seen. The temperature difference to the photosphere of the spots is between 990 and 280 K. Two spots are reconstructed with a typical solar morphology with an umbra and a penumbra. For the one isolated and relatively round spot (spot A), we determine an umbral temperature of 990 K and a penumbral temperature of 180 K below photospheric temperature. The umbra to photosphere intensity ratio of EK Dra is approximately only half of that of a comparison sunspot. A test inversion from degraded line profiles showed that the higher spectral resolution of PEPSI reconstructs the surface with a temperature difference that is on average 10% higher than before and with smaller surface areas by ~10–20%. PEPSI is therefore better suited to detecting and characterising temperature inhomogeneities. With ten more years of photometry, we also refine the spot cycle period of EK Dra to 8.9 ± 0.2 yr with a continuing long-term fading trend.
Conclusions. The temperature morphology of spot A so far appears to show the best evidence for the existence of a solar-like penumbra for a starspot. We emphasise that it is more the non-capture of the true umbral contrast rather than the detection of the weak penumbra that is the limiting factor. The relatively small line broadening of EK Dra, together with the only moderately high spectral resolutions previously available, appear to be the main contributors to the lower-than-expected spot contrasts when comparing to the Sun.
Calibrating the relation of low-frequency radio continuum to star formation rate at 1 kpc scale with LOFAR
Authors: Heesen V. , Buie II E. , Huff C. J. , Perez L. A. , Woolsey J. G. , Rafferty D. A. , Basu A. , Beck R. , Brinks E. , Horellou C. , Scannapieco E. , Brüggen M. , Dettmar R.-J. , Sendlinger K. , Nikiel-Wroczyński B. , Chyży K. T. , Best P. N. , Heald G. H. , Paladino R. 
Published: October 2018

Context. Radio continuum (RC) emission in galaxies allows us to measure star formation rates (SFRs) unaffected by extinction due to dust, of which the low-frequency part is uncontaminated from thermal (free–free) emission.
Aims. We calibrate the conversion from the spatially resolved 140 MHz RC emission to the SFR surface density (ΣSFR) at 1 kpc scale. Radio spectral indices give us, by means of spectral ageing, a handle on the transport of cosmic rays using the electrons as a proxy for GeV nuclei.
Methods. We used recent observations of three galaxies (NGC 3184, 4736, and 5055) from the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS), and archival LOw-Frequency ARray (LOFAR) data of NGC 5194. Maps were created with the facet calibration technique and converted to radio ΣSFR maps using the Condon relation. We compared these maps with hybrid ΣSFR maps from a combination of GALEX far-ultraviolet and Spitzer 24 μm data using plots tracing the relation at the highest angular resolution allowed by our data at 1.2 × 1.2 kpc2 resolution.
Results. The RC emission is smoothed with respect to the hybrid ΣSFR owing to the transport of cosmic-ray electrons (CREs) away from star formation sites. This results in a sublinear relation (ΣSFR)RC ∝ [(ΣSFR)hyb]a, where a = 0.59 ± 0.13 (140 MHz) and a = 0.75 ± 0.10 (1365 MHz). Both relations have a scatter of σ = 0.3 dex. If we restrict ourselves to areas of young CREs (α >  −0.65; Iν ∝ να), the relation becomes almost linear at both frequencies with a ≈ 0.9 and a reduced scatter of σ = 0.2 dex. We then simulate the effect of CRE transport by convolving the hybrid ΣSFR maps with a Gaussian kernel until the RC–SFR relation is linearised; CRE transport lengths are l = 1–5 kpc. Solving the CRE diffusion equation, assuming dominance of the synchrotron and inverse-Compton losses, we find diffusion coefficients of D = (0.13–1.5)  × 1028 cm2 s−1 at 1 GeV.
Conclusions. A RC–SFR relation at 1.4 GHz can be exploited to measure SFRs at redshift z ≈ 10 using 140 MHz observations.
HSCO+ and DSCO+: a multi-technique approach in the laboratory for the spectroscopy of interstellar ions
Authors: Lattanzi Valerio , Spezzano Silvia , Laas Jacob C. , Chantzos Johanna , Bizzocchi Luca , Lee Kin Long Kelvin , McCarthy Michael C. , Caselli Paola 
Published: October 2018

Context. Protonated molecular species have been proven to be abundant in the interstellar gas. This class of molecules is also pivotal for the determination of important physical parameters for the evolution of the interstellar medium (e.g. gas ionisation fraction) or as tracers of non-polar species which are not directly observable. The identification of these molecular species through radioastronomical observations is directly linked to precise laboratory spectral characterisation.
Aims. The goal of the present work is to extend the laboratory measurements of the pure rotational spectrum of the ground electronic state of protonated carbonyl sulfide (HSCO+) and its deuterium substituted isotopomer (DSCO+). At the same time, we show how implementing different laboratory techniques allows for the determination of different spectroscopical properties of asymmetric-top protonated species.
Methods. Three different high-resolution experiments were used in conjunction to detect for the first time the b-type rotational spectrum of HSCO+, and to extend, well into the sub-millimetre region, the a-type spectrum of the same molecular species and DSCO+. The electronic ground-state of both ions was investigated in the 273–405 GHz frequency range, allowing for the detection of 60 and 50 new rotational transitions for HSCO+ and DSCO+, respectively.
Results. The combination of our new measurements with the three rotational transitions previously observed in the microwave region permits the rest frequencies of the most astronomically relevant transitions to be predicted to better than 100 kHz for both HSCO+ and DSCO+ up to 500 GHz, equivalent to better than 60 m s−1 in terms of equivalent radial velocity.
Conclusions. The present work illustrates the importance of using different laboratory techniques to spectroscopically characterise a protonated species at high frequency. Each instrument addressed a complementary part of the same spectroscopic challenge, demonstrating the potential of such an approach for future studies of similar reactive species.
Microsurgery training with smartphone
Authors: Capkin Sercan , Cavit Ali , Kaleli Tufan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMicrosurgery is widely used in experimental research models and clinical surgery. However, microsurgical applications require precise technical skills and
continuous training. Here, we proposed a low cost, practical microsurgery model, which can be easily applied using smartphones at home or at office. Test
platform was created using latex gloves, and a phone holder was then positioned at one side of a table. A smartphone with 10x magnification was secured on the
phone holder. Microsurgical device habit, stitching and knotting exercises by making cuts at different angles on the glove model were performed, which was
recorded live under the 10x magnification of the phone camera.We believe that the practical microsurgery model presented in this study can form an important part of basic microsurgery education and also act as an
alternative training model owing to its ease of application, easy accessibility and low cost.
Mikrochirurgische Weichteilrekonstruktion bei Osteitis der unteren Extremität
Authors: Rein Susanne , Hörnig Juliane , Houschyar Khosrow Siamak , Langwald Steffen , Hofmann Gunther , Siemers Frank 
Published: October 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, Einflussfaktoren für den Verlust von Lappen nach plastischer Rekonstruktion von septischen
Hautweichteildefekten bei Osteitis der unteren Extremität mit freiem mikrovaskulären anterolateralen Oberschenkellappen (ALT) oder Latissimus dorsi (LD)-Lappen
zu identifizieren.
Material und Methoden: Zwischen 2004 und 2013 wurden aufgrund von septischen Hautweichteildefekten bei Osteitis der unteren Extremität 27 Patienten mit
LD-Lappen und 45 Patienten mit ALT-Lappen rekonstruiert und deren anthropometrische, prä- und intraoperative Parameter retrospektiv statistisch ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse: Die Lappen-Überlebensrate betrug für den LD 81,5 % und für den ALT 82,2 %. Major-Komplikationen resultierten sowohl bei LD-Lappen (p = 0,01)
als auch bei ALT-Lappen (p < 0,0001) signifikant häufiger im Untergang des Lappens. Weiterhin fand sich ein signifikant erhöhter Lappenverlust bei
vorbestehendem Diabetes mellitus in der LD-Gruppe (p = 0,001) und bei akuter Osteomyelitis als Ursache für den Hautweichteildefekt in der ALT-Gruppe
(p = 0,034). Unabhängig vom postoperativen Erfolg der Lappenplastik wurden LD-Lappen für signifikant größer zu rekonstruierende Hautweichteildefekte genutzt
(p = 0,001), deren Operationsdauer (p < 0,0001) und kalte Ischämiezeit (p = 0,001) signifikant länger war.
Schlussfolgerung: Das Gelingen der Lappenplastik bei Osteitis der unteren Extremität wurde trotz geringer Patientenzahl mit vorbestehenden Diabetes
mellitus, mit einer ursächlichen akuten Osteomyelitis und Major-Komplikationen beeinflusst, so dass die optimale Behandlung beider Parameter und eine präzise
mikrochirurgische Anastomosentechnik Grundvoraussetzungen für die erfolgreiche plastische Hautweichteilrekonstruktion sind.
Sonographic Evaluation of Nodules Newly Detected in the Neck After Thyroidectomy: Suture Granuloma Versus Recurrent Carcinoma
Authors: Aga Hitomi , Hirokawa Mitsuyoshi , Suzuki Ayana , Ota Hisashi , Oshita Maki , Kudo Takumi , Fukushima Mitsuhiro , Kobayashi Kaoru , Miyauchi Akira 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to clarify the sonographic features of suture granuloma and recurrent carcinoma newly detected after thyroidectomy.We retrospectively analyzed ultrasound reports with images of 25 cases of suture granuloma and 18 cases of recurrent carcinoma that newly appeared in the resected area after thyroidectomy in our institution. Both suture granulomas and recurrent carcinomas more frequently exhibited multiple lesions rather than solitary lesions. Suture granulomas tended to appear in the more superficial areas than the carotid artery, while recurrent carcinomas were more common between the trachea and carotid artery. A total of 10 of the 11 suture granulomas that we followed up decreased in size. Recurrent carcinomas showed irregular shape (55.6%), taller-than-wide shape (38.9%), low internal echogenicity (83.3%), and no punctate microcalcifications. By contrast, suture granulomas were fusiform in shape (56.0%) and showed linear internal echo parallel to the tissue plane on the longitudinal scan (64.0%). The vascular flow sign was mild to none in the majority of both lesions.Fusiform shape and linear internal echoes indicate suture granuloma, while irregular shape, taller-than-wide shape, and low echogenicity indicate recurrent carcinoma. Given that the clinical management of suture granuloma differs from that of recurrent carcinoma, it is important to distinguish between these two lesions.
Aerobe Belastung bei Mundatmung verändert die Wahrnehmungsschwelle für H2S nicht
Authors: Gudziol Hilmar , Biemann Tina , Guntinas-Lichius Orlando , Seeber Hermann , Lehnich Holger , Bitter Thomas 
Published: October 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Während aerober körperlicher Belastung verschlechterte sich in einer früheren Studie bei Nasenatmung die Wahrnehmungsschwelle für H2S. Die
Ursache blieb offen. Es soll in dieser Studie geprüft werden, wie sich die Wahrnehmungsschwelle bei alleiniger Mundatmung verändert.
Material und Methoden Während einer Ruhephase einer aeroben Belastung und nachfolgender Erholungsphase wurden unterschiedliche H2S-Konzentrationen mittels
eines Fluss-Olfaktometers im staircase Verfahren inspirationssynchron intranasal appliziert. Die fehlende Nasenatmung wurde online und offline objektiviert. Es
wurden die Reaktionszeiten bestimmt. Parallel sind verschiedene Vitalparameter gemessen worden.
Ergebnisse Die passiven Wahrnehmungsschwellen zwischen den Belastungs- und der Erholungsphasen differierten nicht. In der Ruhephase war die H2S Schwelle
am höchsten. Die Reaktionszeiten waren in den drei Versuchsphasen nicht different.
Schlussfolgerung Eine etwa halbstündige aerobe Belastung veränderte die passive Riechschwelle für H2S bei Mundatmung im Vergleich zur nachfolgenden
Erholungsphase nicht. Die hohe Riechschwelle in der Ruhephase wird mit anfänglichen Anpassungsschwierigkeiten an die Versuchsbedingungen erklärt.
Elements of success in multi-stakeholder deliberation platforms
Authors: Garard Jennifer , Koch Larissa , Kowarsch Martin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDeliberation platforms are an important component of the multi-actor science-policy interface within the realm of environmental governance, increasingly characterized by the engagement of a diversity of actors. Deliberation platforms provide a mechanism through which stakeholders with diverse perspectives can both discuss problems and explore potential solutions related to environmental governance, integrating scientific and other knowledge. This study employs a Qualitative Content Analysis of 16 semi-structured interviews to investigate which elements of deliberation platforms are most central to their success and how these elements interact with one another from the perspective of public engagers. This fills a gap in the literature on the qualification of knowledge and experience of public engagers regarding the organization of multi-stakeholder deliberation platforms. Elements to consider in the organization of deliberation platforms were ranked, and five central elements were identified: (1) the selection of participants relevant to the topic and conducive to positive interactions, (2) openness as an attitude in both organizers and participants, (3) facilitation of interactions and the role of the facilitator, (4) communication and transparency between organizers and participants, and (5) fostering dialog between participants through various means. Different manifestations of these five central elements which can fit best within different particular contexts and suit various objectives are also investigated based on the interview material. The discussion summarizes the lessons learned with regards to organizing deliberation platforms from the perspective of public engagers, and explores the potential for trade-offs and co-benefits between central elements as a means to improve the efficiency and efficacy of organizing such platforms. Furthermore, the links between the central elements and social learning, as a particular, overarching objective of deliberation platforms, are discussed. This study is an important step towards further analysis of deliberation platforms, necessary in order to avoid the risks of convening actors with diverse perspectives to discuss politically-relevant topics. It provides insights relevant to public engagers and to future studies analyzing these increasingly important venues for engagement in environmental governance.
Noggin rescues age-related stem cell loss in the brain of senescent mice with neurodegenerative pathology
Authors: Díaz-Moreno María , Armenteros Tomás , Gradari Simona , Hortigüela Rafael , García-Corzo Laura , Fontán-Lozano Ángela , Trejo José Luis , Mira Helena 
Published: October 2018

Significance
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of age-related neurodegeneration. Damage initially occurs in the hippocampus, a neurogenic brain region essential in forming memories. Since there is no cure for AD, therapeutic strategies that may aid to slow hippocampal dysfunction are necessary. We describe the precocious hippocampal stem cell loss of a mouse model that mimics the onset of pathological AD-like neurodegeneration. The loss is due to an increase in BMP6 that limits neurogenesis. We demonstrate that blocking BMP signaling by means of Noggin administration is beneficial to the hippocampal microenvironment, restoring stem cell numbers, neurogenesis, and behavior. Our findings support further development of BMP antagonists into translatable molecules for the rescue of stem cells and neurogenesis in neurodegeneration/aging.
Ta2+-mediated ammonia synthesis from N2and H2at ambient temperature
Authors: Geng Caiyun , Li Jilai , Weiske Thomas , Schwarz Helmut 
Published: October 2018

SignificanceA combined experimental/computational approach provides deep mechanistic insight into an unprecedented cluster-mediated N−H coupling mimicking the industrially extremely important ammonia synthesis from N2and H2(the “Haber–Bosch” process) at room temperature. Crucial steps were identified for both the forward reactions (i.e., the activation of N2) and the backward process (i.e., the Ta2+-mediated decomposition of NH3). The central intermediate for either path corresponds to Ta2N2+, a four-membered ring with alternating Ta and N atoms. The root cause of tantalum’s ability to bring about nitrogen fixation and its coupling with H2under mild conditions has been identified by state-of-the-art quantum chemical calculations.
Weaving oneself into others
Authors: Dale Rick , Spivey Michael J. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

We review a range of findings that show how eye movements (and other body movements) exhibit correlated behavior across two or more people during natural interactions. We then synthesize these different results into a more general account of how people’s cognitive, sensory and motor systems become coordinated with one another during natural dialogue. We argue that treating conversants as parts of one integrated system is a useful explanatory strategy for understanding interaction. We end by describing explicit quantitative conditions for seeking “systemhood” in human interaction. These conditions motivate future research questions on social eye movements and other behaviors.
Automatic analysis of in-the-wild mobile eye-tracking experiments using object, face and person detection
Authors: De Beugher Stijn , Brône Geert , Goedemé Toon 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

In this chapter, we discuss a novel method for the analysis of mobile eye-tracking data in natural environments. Mobile eye-tracking systems generate large amounts of continuous data, making manual analysis extremely time-consuming. Available solutions provided by commercially available eye-tracking systems, such as marker-based analysis, minimize the manual labor but require experimental control, making real-life experiments practically unfeasible, and generally only apply to the analysis of objects. Here, we discuss a novel method for the processing of mobile eye-tracking data, based on the integration of computer vision techniques. Using such an approach allows us to automatically detect specific objects, faces and human bodies/body parts in images captured by a mobile eye-tracker. By mapping the gaze data on top of these detections, we gain insights into the visual behavior of recorded participants. As an important step in the integration of this method in the analysis of multimodal interaction, we developed an output format that is compatible with annotation tools such as ELAN, making our software integratable with existing annotations. In this chapter we give an overview of relevant image processing techniques and their application in interaction studies. We also present a thorough comparison between manual analysis and our automatic analysis in both speed and accuracy on challenging, real-life experiments.
Gaze, addressee selection and turn-taking in three-party interaction
Authors: Auer Peter 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

In this paper, I argue that gaze behavior in multiparty interaction is essential for addressee selection and for next-speaker selection by current speaker. The two conversational tasks are related, but – at least in longer turns – not identical and should be distinguished analytically. In multiparty interaction, addressee selection by gaze is a non-trivial issue, as most bodily arrangements make it hard or impossible for the current speaker to look at all (intended) addressees at the same time. As a solution to this problem, current speakers alternatingly look at the co-participants they want to address. For the selection of a next speaker, only the current speaker's gaze during the last phase of the turn is relevant.