bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Family: cornerstone for young people to be victims of violence in the university stage
Authors: Villegas-Dominguez J , Estrada Cancino A , Hernandez Hernandez R A , Caldare Ojeda A E , Viñaz Dozal J C , Ruiz Garcia F , Sosa Gonzalez Y R 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Violence is a pervasive issue that wreaks havoc within communities, with the family serving as a cornerstone for the development of individuals, thereby influencing their behavior within society.

Objectives
To determine the association between a history of family violence and being a victim of violence among university students.

Methodology
This is a cross-sectional, prospective study that included university students of both sexes. Family function was measured using the Family APGAR test, while the dependent variable was experiencing any type of violence during the university stage.

Results
A total of 1148 participants were included, with an average age of 20.47 (±3.3) years, 63.9% were women, 94.9% were cisgender, and 77.3% were heterosexual; 45.3% of participants identified with family dysfunction, 45.3% had witnessed a violent act in their family, and 46% of participants experienced violence at university. When evaluating factors associated with experiencing violence, a positive association (OR/CI95%) was identified for attending a private school (1.4/1.1-1.9), alcohol consumption (2.4/1.7-3.5), having family disfunction (1.5/1.2-1.9) living in a family with violence (2.3/1.8-2.9), knowing friends who experienced partner violence (2.1/1.6-2.7) or family violence (1.9/1.4-2.5). Conversely, a negative association was found for being heterosexual (0.6/0.4-0.8), never witnessing sexual (0.3-0.2-2.5), physical (0.5/0.4-0.65), or psychological (0.3/0.2-0.4) violence in the family, nor experiencing violence during childhood (0.4/0.3-0.5), middle school (0.4/0.3-0.5), or high school (0.4/0.3-0.5) (p &lt; 0.001), likewise, not exercising physical, psychological, sexual, digital or other types of violence during college presents OR = 0 (p &lt; 0.001) in each of these items.

Conclusions
The social environment, alcohol consumption, a history of witnessing violence in family and friends, as well as the perpetration of violence are associated with receiving violence.

Key messages
• Evidence indicates the importance of the family for the development of its members, since, just by witnessing behaviors, they favor the development of social roles.
• The first contact physician must return to his essence, focusing on the care of the patient in a comprehensive manner, including the environment in which he develops.
Towards more effective health monitoring: a comparison of different data sources
Authors: Huhtala-Hedman L , Palosaari T , Reinikainen J , Lundqvist A , Jääskeläinen T 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Monitoring the prevalences of chronic diseases and their risk factors at the population level is important to support effective prevention measures, health service planning and health policy-making. The utilization of register information is cost-effective in population health monitoring, but the validity of information is important to assess. The aim of this study was to compare the information on most common chronic diseases and risk factors collected from a population-based Healthy Finland survey and national health registers.

Methods
The study population comprised of 4785 individuals aged 20 years or over from the nationally representative Healthy Finland Health Examination Survey conducted in 2023. Information on the most common chronic diseases were derived from both survey data (including measured and self-reported data) and the national registers. The prevalence in survey data were compared with prevalence in register data for those individuals who participated in the survey. Register data was examined for the previous five years and was obtained from the Care Register for Health Care and medical registers, depending on availability of data. Weighted prevalences were calculated taking into account the sampling design and non-response.

Results
For all examined risk factors and diseases, the prevalence was higher in survey data than in register data. The difference was the greatest for elevated blood pressure: the prevalence in survey data was 48.6% (95% CI 46.5, 50.7) versus 17.3% (15.6, 19.0) in register data. The prevalence of diabetes was 11.5% (10.4, 12.5) in survey and 6.9% (5.9, 7.9) in register data. For sleep apnea, the prevalence in survey data was 8.4% (7.4, 9.3) and 4.4% (3.7, 5.1) in register data.

Conclusions
Register-based information provides more reliable prevalences on diseases needing urgent treatment. Survey data brings out also previously unidentified diseases cases that do not show in registers.

Key messages
• Register data is cost-effective in health monitoring, but surveys are needed for monitoring risk factors.
• Utilizing diverse data sources enhances getting reliable information to support decision-making.
Medicare transitional care management services’ association with readmissions and mortality
Authors: Reid Rachel O , Sood Neeraj , Lu Ruolin , Damberg Cheryl L 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In 2013, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) introduced codes to reimburse outpatient providers for post-discharge transitional care management (TCM). Understanding the implications of TCM reimbursement on outcomes is crucial for evaluating CMS's investment and guiding future policy. We analyzed the association between physician organization (PO) TCM code use and post-discharge readmissions and mortality using 100% fee-for-service Medicare claims. Using a difference-in-differences approach we compared 1131 “high-TCM” POs (top quartile of TCM code use from 2015–2017) to 1133 “low-TCM” POs (bottom quartile) from before (2012) and after (2015–2017) TCM code implementation, controlling for PO and beneficiary attributes and readmission risk. TCM code use was associated with decreased 30- and 90-day readmissions (−0.31 [95%CI: −0.52, −0.09] and −0.42 [95% CI: −0.71, −0.14] percentage points, respectively), but no significant difference in mortality. Year-by-year, 2017 saw greatest readmission reduction, with a slight mortality reduction in that year only. Readmission reductions were greatest in POs not affiliated with health systems, Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs), or academic medical centers, and least in those with fewer primary care physicians. Narrow, indirect interventions like fee-for-service TCM billing code reimbursement may have limited potential to improve post-discharge outcomes overall. However, small independent practices may derive somewhat greater benefit from this support for post-discharge care.
Impact of Dolutegravir Plus Lamivudine as First-line Antiretroviral Treatment on the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reservoir and Inflammatory Markers in Peripheral Blood
Authors: Bailón Lucía , Puertas Maria C , García-Guerrero Maria C , Moraes-Cardoso Igor , Aparicio Ester , Alarcón-Soto Yovaninna , Rivero Angel , Rosen Elias P , Estes Jacob D , Blanco Julià , Olvera Alex , Mothe Beatriz , Martinez-Picado Javier , Moltó José ,   for the DUALITY Study Group, Blai Lidia , Caballero Albert , Julian Joan Francesc , Alarcón-Soto Yovaninna , Bailón Lucía , Benet Susana , Coll Pep , Moltó José , Mothe Beatriz , Miranda Cristina , Nieto Aroa , Paredes Roger , Rivero Angel , Sabato Sofia , Aparicio Ester , Blanco Julià , Brander Christian , García-Guerrero Maria C , Marfil Silvia , Martinez-Picado Javier , Moraes-Cardoso Igor , Olvera Alex , Pradenas Edwards , Puertas Maria C , Urrea Victor , Desyaterik Yury , Rosen Elias P , White Nicole , Bondoc Stephen , Busman-Sahay Kathleen , Estes Jacob D 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
To compare the effects of first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) with dolutegravir plus lamivudine (DTG + 3TC) versus dolutegravir plus emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (DTG + FTC/TAF) on the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reservoir and immune activation biomarkers in people with HIV (PWH).

Methods
DUALITY was a 48-week, single-center, randomized, open-label clinical trial in ART-naive PWH, randomized (1:1) to receive ART with DTG + 3TC (2DR group) or DTG + FTC/TAF (3DR group). We measured total and intact proviral HIV-1 DNA, cell-associated RNA in CD4+ T cells, frequency of HIV-infected CD4+ T cells able to produce p24, plasma soluble inflammatory markers, and activation and exhaustion markers in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.

Results
Forty-four participants (22 per study arm) were enrolled, with baseline mean (standard deviation) log10 plasma viral load (pVL) 4.4 (0.7) copies/mL and CD4+ T-cell counts of 493 (221) cells/μL. At week 48, all participants had pVL &lt;50 copies/mL at week 48, except for 1 participant in the 2DR group who was resuppressed after treating syphilis. Changes from baseline in reservoir parameters and immune biomarkers were comparable between groups.

Conclusions
First-line ART with DTG + 3TC showed similar reductions of HIV-1 persistence parameters and immune markers as DTG + FTC/TAF, supporting DTG/3TC among preferred first-line ART options for PWH.
MMV 1804559 is a potential antistaphylococcal and antibiofilm agent targeting the clfA gene of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Brahma Umarani , Singothu Siva , Suresh Akash , Vemula Divya , Munagalasetty Sharon , Sharma Paresh , Bhandari Vasundhra 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aims
Staphylococcus aureus, a high-priority pathogen proclaimed to cause infections ranging from mild to life-threatening, presents significant challenges in treatment. New therapies can be developed quicker using open drug discovery platforms offering a distinct approach to expedite the development of innovative antibacterial and anti-biofilm therapeutics. This study set out to address these issues by finding new uses for current medications to find compounds that are effective against S. aureus.

Methods and results
In this study, we screened the global priority health box, launched by Medicines for Malaria Ventures containing 240 compounds, for their effectiveness against S. aureus. MMV1795508, MMV1542799, MMV027331, MMV1593278, and MMV1804559 showed potential antibacterial activity at 10 µM concentration. These compounds underwent further evaluation for their ability to clear intracellular bacteria, disrupt biofilm formation, and eradicate existing biofilms. MMV1804559 demonstrated strong efficacy across all tested parameters, achieving 94% inhibition of intracellular bacteria, 79.19% disruption of biofilm cells, and 66.18% inhibition of biofilm formation. Scanning electron microscopy revealed notable membrane perforations and blebbing in MMV1804559-treated cells, indicating its impact on bacterial membranes. Gene expression analysis of cells treated with MMV1804559 showed downregulation of clfA and clfB genes, critical for biofilm formation. Additionally, docking studies confirmed the binding affinity of MMV1804559 with clfA, supported by favorable docking scores, MM/GBSA binding energy, and increased hydrogen bond interactions in the binding pocket, suggesting clfA as a target for MMV1804559.

Conclusions
MMV1804559 could serve as a potential therapy for S. aureus by targeting biofilm development and cell adhesion processes.
Down-regulation of the rice HRS1 HOMOLOG3 transcriptional repressor gene due to N deficiency directly co-activates ammonium and phosphate transporter genes
Authors: Yang Mailun , Sakuraba Yasuhito , Yanagisawa Shuichi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Rice HRS1 HOMOLOG3 (OsHHO3) acts as a transcriptional repressor of AMMONIUM TRANSPORTER1 (OsAMT1) genes in rice; thus, reduced OsHHO3 expression in nitrogen (N)-deficient environments promotes ammonium uptake. In this study, we show that OsHHO3 also functions as a repressor of a specific subset of phosphate (Pi) transporter (PT) genes involved in the uptake and root-to-shoot translocation of Pi, including OsPT2, OsPT4, and OsPHO1;1. Disruption of OsHHO3 increased Pi uptake and Pi contents in shoots and roots, while overexpression of OsHHO3 caused the opposite effects. Furthermore, phosphorus (P) deficiency slightly decreased OsHHO3 expression, up-regulating a specific subset of PT genes. However, N deficiency was more effective than P deficiency in suppressing OsHHO3 expression in roots, and unlike N deficiency-dependent activation of PT genes under the control of OsHHO3, the P deficiency-dependent activation of OsAMT1 genes was minimal. Interestingly, the simultaneous deficiency of both N and P promoted the OsHHO3-regulated expression of PT genes more significantly than the deficiency of either N or P, but diminished the expression of genes regulated by OsPHR2, a master regulator of Pi starvation-responsive transcriptional activation. Phenotypic analysis revealed that the inactivation and overexpression of OsHHO3 improved and reduced plant growth, respectively, under N-deficient and P-deficient conditions. These results indicate that OsHHO3 regulates a specific subset of PT genes independently of OsPHR2-mediated regulation and plays a critical role in the adaptation to diverse N and P environments.
The mass profiles of dwarf galaxies from Dark Energy Survey lensing
Authors: Thornton Joseph , Amon Alexandra , Wechsler Risa H , Adhikari Susmita , Mao Yao-Yuan , Myles Justin , Geha Marla , Kallivayalil Nitya , Tollerud Erik , Weiner Benjamin 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
We present a novel approach to extracting dwarf galaxies from photometric data to measure their average halo mass profile with weak lensing. We characterize their stellar mass and redshift distributions with a spectroscopic calibration sample. By combining the ${\sim} 5000\,\mathrm{deg}^2$ multiband photometry from the Dark Energy Survey and redshifts from the Satellites Around Galactic Analogs Survey with an unsupervised machine learning method, we select a low-mass galaxy sample spanning redshifts $z\lt 0.3$ and divide it into three mass bins. From low to high median mass, the bins contain [146 420, 330 146, 275 028] galaxies and have median stellar masses of $\log _{10}(M_*/\text{M}_\odot)=\left[8.52\substack{+0.57 -0.76},\, 9.02\substack{+0.50 -0.64},\, 9.49\substack{+0.50 -0.58}\right]$ . We measure the stacked excess surface mass density profiles, $\Delta \Sigma (R)$, of these galaxies using galaxy–galaxy lensing with a signal-to-noise ratio of [14, 23, 28]. Through a simulation-based forward-modelling approach, we fit the measurements to constrain the stellar-to-halo mass relation and find the median halo mass of these samples to be $\log _{10}(M_{\rm halo}/\text{M}_\odot)$ = [$10.67\substack{+0.2 -0.4}$, $11.01\substack{+0.14 -0.27}$, $11.40\substack{+0.08 -0.15}$]. The cold dark matter profiles are consistent with NFW (Navarro, Frenk, and White) profiles over scales ${\lesssim} 0.15 \, {h}^{-1}$ Mpc. We find that ${\sim} 20$ per cent of the dwarf galaxy sample are satellites. This is the first measurement of the halo profiles and masses of such a comprehensive, low-mass galaxy sample. The techniques presented here pave the way for extracting and analysing even lower mass dwarf galaxies and for more finely splitting galaxies by their properties with future photometric and spectroscopic survey data.
Maroon Rice Genomic Diversity Reflects 350 Years of Colonial History
Authors: van de Loosdrecht Marieke S , Pinas Nicholaas M , Dongstra Evanne , Tjoe Awie Jerry R , Becker Frank F M , Maat Harro , van Velzen Robin , van Andel Tinde , Schranz Michael Eric 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Maroons in Suriname and French Guiana descend from enslaved Africans who escaped the plantations during colonial times. Maroon farmers still cultivate a large diversity of rice, their oldest staple crop. The oral history and written records of Maroons by colonial authorities provide contrasting perspectives on the origins of Maroon rice. Here, we analyzed the genomic ancestry of 136 newly sequenced Maroon rice varieties and found seven genomic groups that differ in their geographical associations. We interpreted these findings in light of ethnobotanical and archival investigations to reconstruct the historical contexts associated with the introduction of rice varieties to the Guianas. We found that two rice groups trace to West Africa, which we propose are linked to the transatlantic slave trade (c. 1526 to 1825). We posit that the Maroon rice stock additionally contains varieties that derive from rice introduced by indentured laborers from Java (1890 onwards), USA rice breeders (1932 onwards), and Hmong refugees who fled the Vietnam War (1991). Furthermore, on the Maroon fields, we found rice types never documented before that were derived from crosses. Overall, our results demonstrate that the Maroon farmers prioritize maintenance of a high stock diversity, which we posit reflects the expertise they inherited from their (African) ancestors. Ignored by agricultural modernization initiatives, Maroon farmers today are custodians of a unique cultural heritage. Notably, the genomic findings underline many Maroon stories about their past. We anticipate that a similar study approach can be applied to other heirloom crops of (Indigenous) communities that may have preserved their history on their farms to reconstruct, acknowledge, and honor the past.
Employment and mental health for adults on probation, 2002–2021
Authors: Morrison Maria , Hai Audrey Hang , Bandaru Yohita Shraddha , Salas-Wright Christopher P , Vaughn Michael G 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
The 21st century has seen a decline in employment rates in the US at the same time that it has experienced a historically unprecedented rise in the numbers of adults under criminal justice system control. Both low employment and high incarceration have posed serious challenges for public health.

Methods
Using data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health from 2002–2021, we estimated employment rates by community supervision status. Variations by sociodemographic subgroups were explored as well as correlations between employment and a range of mental and behavioural health variables.

Results
Those on probation were twice as likely as those not to live in poverty. They experienced higher rates of poor mental and behavioural health, including three times the rate of substance use. Employment rates varied little by community supervision status. Health risk factors were associated with more risk and protective factors did less to mitigate risk for those under community supervision.

Conclusions
Despite the range of adversities faced by individuals under criminal justice system control, their employment rates are remarkably close to those not. Despite near equivalent involvement in the labour force, this population has substantially poorer health and substantially reduced likelihood of escaping poverty.
Watering the Seeds of the Rural Economy: Evidence from Groundwater Irrigation in India
Authors: Boudot-Reddy Camille , Butler André 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
This study explores the impact of private investment in groundwater extraction for irrigation on the spatial and sectoral distribution of rural economic activity in India. Exploiting a kink in access to groundwater, generated from an absolute technological constraint on the operational capacity of irrigation pumps with depth of the water table, there is evidence of a significant improvement in agricultural production accompanied with modest consumption gains. Groundwater extraction causes a substantial increase in population density, but has no effect on the employment rate or labor reallocation between sectors of the economy. Furthermore, irrigated agriculture appears to provide additional employment opportunities for waged labor from surrounding non-irrigated villages.
Retinal G‐protein‐coupled receptor deletion exacerbates AMD‐like changes via the PINK1–parkin pathway under oxidative stress
Authors: Guo Yue , Chen Sitong , Guan Wenxue , Xu Ningda , Zhu Li , Du Wei , Liu Zhiming , Fong Henry K. W. , Huang Lvzhen , Zhao Mingwei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe intake of high dietary fat has been correlated with the progression of age‐related macular degeneration (AMD), affecting the function of the retinal pigment epithelium through oxidative stress. A high‐fat diet (HFD) can lead to lipid metabolism disorders, excessive production of circulating free fatty acids, and systemic inflammation by aggravating the degree of oxidative stress. Deletion of the retinal G‐protein‐coupled receptor (RGR‐d) has been identified in drusen. In this study, we investigated how the RGR‐d exacerbates AMD‐like changes under oxidative stress, both in vivo and in vitro. Fundus atrophy became evident, at 12 months old, particularly in the RGR‐d + HFD group, and fluorescence angiography revealed narrower retinal vessels and a reduced perfusion area in the peripheral retina. Although rod electroretinography revealed decreasing trends in the a‐ and b‐wave amplitudes in the RGR‐d + HFD group at 12 months, the changes were not statistically significant. Mice in the RGR‐d + HFD group showed a significantly thinner and more fragile retinal morphology than those in the WT + HFD group, with disordered and discontinuous pigment distribution in the RGR‐d + HFD mice. Transmission electron microscopy revealed a thickened Bruch's membrane along the choriocapillaris endothelial cell wall in the RGR‐d + HFD mice, and the outer nuclear layer structure appeared disorganized, with reduced nuclear density. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis indicated significantly lower levels of 25(OH)‐vitamin D3 metabolites in the RGR‐d + HFD group. Under oxidative stress, RGR‐d localized to the mitochondria and reduced the levels of the PINK1–parkin pathway. RGR‐d mice fed an HFD were used as a new animal model of dry AMD. Under high‐fat‐induced oxidative stress, RGR‐d accumulated in the mitochondria, disrupting normal mitophagy and causing cellular damage, thus exacerbating AMD‐like changes both in vivo and in vitro.
Cryo‐EM reveals transition states of the Acinetobacter baumanniiF1‐ATPase rotary subunits γ and ε, unveiling novel compound targets
Authors: Le Khoa Cong Minh , Wong Chui Fann , Müller Volker , Grüber Gerhard 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPriority 1: critical WHO pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii depends on ATP synthesis and ATP:ADP homeostasis and its bifunctional F1FO‐ATP synthase. While synthesizing ATP, it regulates ATP cleavage by its inhibitory ε subunit to prevent wasteful ATP consumption. We determined cryo‐electron microscopy structures of the ATPase active A. baumannii F1‐αßγεΔ134–139 mutant in four distinct conformational states, revealing four transition states and structural transformation of the ε's C‐terminal domain, forming the switch of an ATP hydrolysis off‐ and an ATP synthesis on‐state based. These alterations go in concert with altered motions and interactions in the catalytic‐ and rotary subunits of this engine. These A. baumannii interacting sites provide novel pathogen‐specific targets for inhibitors, with the aim of ATP depletion and/or ATP synthesis and growth inhibition. Furthermore, the presented diversity to other bacterial F‐ATP synthases extends the view of structural elements regulating such a catalyst.