bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract PL04-01: The epidemiology of sitting time and cancer
Authors: Patel Alpa V. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
With technological advancements, the amount of time individuals spend sitting has increased significantly over the past few decades. Emerging evidence supports that sitting time is distinctly different from physical inactivity and may have independent deleterious health effects. Sitting time, independent of physical activity, has been associated with total mortality, cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes, and obesity. It has also been associated with intermediate markers of disease risk such as abdominal weight gain, high cholesterol, insulin levels, high blood pressure, and other biomarkers in healthy adults. A recent report concluded that the average life expectancy in the USA would be increased by 2.00 years if sitting time were reduced to &lt;3 hours per day.
More than 60 years of research supports the role of physical activity in prevention of various cancers including colorectal, postmenopausal breast, and endometrial cancers. More recently, many epidemiologic studies have examined the role of sitting time in relation to cancer risk, independent of or in combination with physical activity. This presentation will review the epidemiologic literature on the role of sitting time in relation to cancer risk.
Citation Format: Alpa V. Patel. The epidemiology of sitting time and cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr PL04-01.
Abstract PL05-03: Progress towards routine use of aspirin by people at increased risk of cancer
Authors: Burn John 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A consistent result of cohort, case control, post-trial follow up and randomized controlled trials into the antineoplastic effects of aspirin is that this agent has a major protective effect. It is ubiquitous and cheap and has the longest safety record of any drug in widespread use. Despite this, proposals for widespread use meet resistance which could be seen as disproportionate. Historic over use leading to a global awareness of adverse events, academic clinical biases, commercial competition and a contempt for the familiar may all be invoked; “I went to see a specialist and all he said was take an aspirin!”
The lesson from the anti-smoking lobby is to just keep pressing. Our CAPP2 study revealed an impressive effect of aspirin even in hereditary cancer (Burn et al 2011) and subsequent data reinforce this. The 600mg dose used was in the sub-analgesic range and there were minimal adverse events but the perception of “great risk” justifies CaPP3 which will be a 7 year long dose non-inferiority study comparing 600mg, 300mg or 100mg doses daily as a blinded intervention in at least 3000 proven carriers of a mismatch repair gene defect. Public and professional education should continue in parallel to emphasize the benefits of H pylori eradication, acid suppressants and anti-hypertensives in minimizing adverse events which may, even without such measures, be considered tolerable in the context, at least, of those at increased statistical risk due to a positive family history of solid tumors.
Citation Format: John Burn. Progress towards routine use of aspirin by people at increased risk of cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr PL05-03.
Abstract PR01: HPV genotype distribution and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in African American and white women living in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Vidal Adriana C , Smith Jennifer S , Iversen Edwin , Valea Fidel , Bentley Rex , Gradison Margaret , Yarnall Kimberly , Ford Anne , Overcash Francine , Grant Katherine , Murphy Susan , Hoyo Cathrine 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background: Differential distributions of oncogenic HPV genotypes among racial/ethnic groups may explain observed disparities in ICC incidence and mortality rates. We describe HPV genotypes associated with CIN1-3 in a multiethnic cohort of women visiting colposcopy clinic following a cervical abnormality.
Methods: We enrolled 516 women attending colposcopic evaluation following an abnormal liquid-based cytology screen. HPV infection was measured using HPV linear array that measures 37 HPV types, and chi-squared tests were used to compare HPV genotypes in African American and Whites overall, and by CIN stage.
Results: Of 516 participants, 373 (72%) were HPV-positive; 137 (37%) had no CIN lesion, 174 (47%) had CIN1, 38 (10%) had CIN2, and 24 (6%) had CIN-3. Twenty-seven percent of women were infected with one HPV genotype, and 73% were infected with multiple HPV genotypes. In women with CIN1, 75% of HPV single infections were of high risk (HR) genotypes, and 70% of women had multiple HR-HPV genotype infections. The most frequent HR-HPV genotypes detected among CIN1 cases were 16, 18, 31, 45, 52, 56, 59 and 66 in White women, while HPV subtypes 33, 35, 58 and 68 were the most common in African American women. Restricting analyses to women with CIN2-3 revealed a change in HR-HPV genotype distribution; HR-HPV 16, 18, 33, 35, 39, and 59 were most common in White women with CIN2-3, whereas HR-HPV 31, 45, 51 and 66 were the most prevalent in African American women.
Conclusion: Our data suggest that while HPV 16 and 18 are the most common genotypes among women with CIN in Whites; African Americans may harbor different genotypes. The preponderance of non-16/18 HR-HPV genotypes in African Americans with increasing CIN grade has implications for both reflex testing following cytological abnormalities and vaccine development.
This abstract is also presented as Poster B11.
Citation Format: Adriana C Vidal, Jennifer S Smith, Edwin Iversen, Fidel Valea, Rex Bentley, Margaret Gradison, Kimberly Yarnall, Anne Ford, Francine Overcash, Katherine Grant, Susan Murphy, Cathrine Hoyo. HPV genotype distribution and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in African American and white women living in the Southeastern United States. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr PR01.
Abstract SS03-01: Cut melanoma deaths in half with screening? Current status
Authors: Weinstock Martin A. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Melanoma kills almost 10,000 Americans each year, and early detection has the potential to cut that number in half within a decade. However, our ability to do so will depend on the evidence that screening for melanoma saves lives and that the benefits outweigh the harms. The past 5 years have seen a profound change in the published findings on this issue. Both short, free, online videos regarding skin self-examination http://www.cancer.org/Healthy/ToolsandCalculators/Videos/keep-my-skin-healthy-video and the INFORMED program for clinician skin examination http://www.skinsight.com/info/for_professionals/skin-cancer-detection-informed/skin-cancer-education , have been used to produce key evidence that will help us move forward to substantially reduce the burden of this disease.
Citation Format: Martin A. Weinstock. Cut melanoma deaths in half with screening? Current status. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr SS03-01.
Examining Relationships between Multiple Self-Reported Sleep Measures and Gait Domains in Cognitively Healthy Older Adults
Authors: Bernstein John P.K. , De Vito Alyssa , Weitzner Daniel S. , MacAulay Rebecca , Calamia Matthew , Brouillette Robert , Foil Heather , Carmichael Owen T. , Keller Jeffrey N. 
Published: May 2019

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Gait-related changes in older adulthood may be related to changes in cognition (e.g., executive functioning), and recent work suggests that different self-reported measures of sleep may be tied to contrasting aspects of executive functioning. However, the relationship between these self-reported sleep measures and gait domains has not been explored. Such an investigation would be useful in helping to determine which older adults might exhibit changes in gait as well as experience other gait-associated changes (e.g., increased fall risk). <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To examine associations between different aspects of self-reported sleep and gait domains in a sample of cognitively healthy older adults. <b><i>Method:</i></b> A total of 423 older adults (mean age 69.9 years, range 50–92) completed self-report measures of sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and sleep-related distress. The participants also completed an objective, electronic measure of both single-task and dual-task gait (i.e., GAITRite). Principal component analyses were used to elucidate the solution for each gait condition, and multiple linear regression was used to examine the contributions of sleep measures to variability in gait performance. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A 5-component solution of the single-task condition and a 4-component solution of the dual-task condition were identified. Multiple linear regressions revealed that a poorer sleep quality was associated with greater single-task and dual-task asymmetry. Greater daytime sleepiness was associated with increased dual-task gait variability and postural control. After controlling for the effects of other facets of sleep, sleep-related distress was not associated with any gait domain. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Among cognitively healthy older adults,<b><i></i></b>sleep quality and daytime sleepiness, but not sleep-related distress, are associated with aspects of gait. Patients who report these symptoms should be assessed and monitored for possible changes in gait.
Myocardial Involvement in Patients With Histologically Diagnosed Cardiac Sarcoidosis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Gross Pathological Images From Autopsy or Cardiac Transplantation Cases
Authors: Okasha Osama , Kazmirczak Felipe , Chen Ko‐Hsuan Amy , Farzaneh‐Far Afshin , Shenoy Chetan 
Published: May 2019

Background

In patients with suspected cardiac sarcoidosis, late gadolinium enhancement on cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging and/or
18
F‐fluorodeoxyglucose uptake on positron emission tomography are often used to reach a clinical diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis. On the basis of data from the imaging literature of clinical cardiac sarcoidosis, no specific features of myocardial involvement are regarded as pathognomonic for cardiac sarcoidosis. Thus, a diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis is challenging to make. There has been no systematic analysis of histologically diagnosed cardiac sarcoidosis for patterns of myocardial involvement. We hypothesized that certain patterns of myocardial involvement are more frequent in histologically diagnosed cardiac sarcoidosis.

Methods and Results
We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of gross pathological images from the published literature of patients with histologically diagnosed cardiac sarcoidosis who underwent autopsy or cardiac transplantation. Thirty‐three eligible articles provided images of 49 unique hearts. Analysis of these hearts revealed certain features of myocardial involvement in >90% of cases: left ventricular (LV) subepicardial, LV multifocal, septal, and right ventricular free wall involvement. In contrast, other patterns were seen in 0% to 6% of cases: absence of gross LV myocardial involvement, isolated LV midmyocardial involvement, isolated LV subendocardial involvement, isolated LV transmural involvement, absence of septal involvement, or isolated involvement of only one LV level.

Conclusions
In this systematic review and meta‐analysis of histologically diagnosed cardiac sarcoidosis, we identified certain features of myocardial involvement that occurred frequently and others that occurred rarely or never. These patterns could aid the interpretation of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography imaging and improve the diagnosis and the prognostication of patients with suspected cardiac sarcoidosis.
Effect of Lidocaine Injection of Ganglionated Plexi in a Canine Model and Patients With Persistent and Long‐Standing Persistent Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Lee Seungyup , Khrestian Alexander , Waldo Albert L. , Khrestian Celeen M. , Markowitz Alan , Sahadevan Jayakumar 
Published: May 2019

Background

This study assessed the effect of blockading neural transmission in the ganglionated plexi by injecting lidocaine into fat pads in the vagal nerve stimulation canine model and patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (
AF
).

Methods and Results

An efficacy test of lidocaine injection was performed in 7 canines. During vagal nerve stimulation,
AF
was sustained for >5 minutes. The lidocaine was injected into ganglionated plexi during sinus rhythm and reinduction of
AF
was attempted. Six patients with persistent
AF
were studied at open heart surgery. Lidocaine was injected into ganglionated plexi. Atrial electrograms were recorded from 96 epicardial electrodes covering Bachmann's bundle and atrial appendages. In the canine vagal nerve stimulation
AF
model,
AF
was not inducible in 4 of 7 after lidocaine injection. In patients with persistent
AF
, during baseline
AF
, there was a left atrium (
LA
)‐to‐right atrium (
RA
) frequency gradient (
LA
, mean cycle length [
CL
] 175±17 ms;
RA
, mean
CL
192±17 ms;
P
<0.01). After lidocaine injection,
AF
persisted in all patients, and the
LA
‐to‐
RA
frequency gradient disappeared (
LA
, mean
CL
186±13 ms;
RA
, mean
CL
199±23 ms;
P
=0.08). Comparison of mean
CL
s before and after lidocaine demonstrated prolongation of
LA CL
s (
P
<0.05) with no effect on
RA CL
s.

Conclusions

In the canine vagal nerve stimulation
AF
model, lidocaine injection decreased inducibility of
AF
. In patients with persistent
AF
, atrial electrograms from the
LA
had shorter
CL
s than
RA
, indicating an
LA
‐to‐
RA
frequency gradient. Lidocaine injection significantly prolonged only
LA CL
s, explaining disappearance of the
LA
‐to‐
RA
frequency gradient. The mechanism of localized atrial electrogram
CL
prolongation in patients with persistent
AF
is uncertain.
Early Clinical Outcomes of Surgical Myocardial Revascularization for Acute Coronary Syndromes Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock: A Report From the North‐Rhine‐Westphalia Surgical Myocardial Infarction Registry
Authors: Liakopoulos Oliver J. , Schlachtenberger G. , Wendt Daniel , Choi Yeong‐Hoon , Slottosch Ingo , Welp Henryk , Schiller Wolfgang , Martens Sven , Welz Armin , Neuhäuser Markus , Jakob Heinz , Wahlers Thorsten , Thielmann Matthias 
Published: May 2019

Background

Coronary artery bypass grafting for acute coronary syndrome complicated by cardiogenic shock (
CS
) is associated with a high mortality. This registry study aimed to distinguish between early surgical outcomes of
CS
patients with non–
ST
‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction (
NSTEMI
) and
ST
‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction (
STEMI
).

Methods and Results

Patients with
NSTEMI
(n=1218) or
STEMI
(n=618) referred for coronary artery bypass grafting were enrolled in a prospective multicenter registry between 2010 and 2017. CS was present in 227
NSTEMI
(18.6%) and 243
STEMI
patients (39.3%). Key clinical end points were in‐hospital mortality (
IHM
) and major adverse cardiocerebral events (
MACCEs
). Predictors for
IHM
and
MACCEs
were identified using multivariable logistic regression analysis.
STEMI
patients with
CS
were younger, had a lower prevalence of diabetes mellitus and multivessel disease, and exhibited higher myocardial injury (troponin 9±17 versus 3±6 ng/mL) before surgery compared with patients with
NSTEMI
(
P
<0.05). Emergency coronary artery bypass grafting was performed more often in
STEMI
(58%) versus NSTEMI (40%;
P
=0.002). On‐pump surgery with cardioplegia was the preferred surgical technique in
CS
. IHM and
MACCE
rates were 24% and 49% in
STEMI
patients with
CS
and were higher compared with
NSTEMI
(
IHM
15% versus
MACCE
34%;
P
<0.001). Predictors for
IHM
and
MACCE
in
CS
were a reduced ejection fraction and a higher European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation score.

Conclusions

Surgical revascularization in
NSTEMI
and
STEMI
patients with
CS
is associated with a substantial but not prohibitive
IHM
and
MACCE
rate. Worse early outcomes were found for patients with
STEMI
complicated by
CS
compared with
NSTEMI
patients.
Evaluation of Six Atmospheric Reanalyses over Arctic Sea Ice from Winter to Early Summer
Authors: Graham Robert M. , Cohen Lana , Ritzhaupt Nicole , Segger Benjamin , Graversen Rune G. , Rinke Annette , Walden Von P. , Granskog Mats A. , Hudson Stephen R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study evaluates the performance of six atmospheric reanalyses (ERA-Interim, ERA5, JRA-55, CFSv2, MERRA-2, and ASRv2) over Arctic sea ice from winter to early summer. The reanalyses are evaluated using observations from the Norwegian Young Sea Ice campaign (N-ICE2015), a 5-month ice drift in pack ice north of Svalbard. N-ICE2015 observations include surface meteorology, vertical profiles from radiosondes, as well as radiative and turbulent heat fluxes. The reanalyses simulate surface analysis variables well throughout the campaign, but have difficulties with most forecast variables. Wintertime (January–March) correlation coefficients between the reanalyses and observations are above 0.90 for the surface pressure, 2-m temperature, total column water vapor, and downward longwave flux. However, all reanalyses have a positive wintertime 2-m temperature bias, ranging from 1° to 4°C, and negative (i.e., upward) net longwave bias of 3–19 W m−2. These biases are associated with poorly represented surface inversions and are largest during cold-stable periods. Notably, the recent ERA5 and ASRv2 datasets have some of the largest temperature and net longwave biases, respectively. During spring (April–May), reanalyses fail to simulate observed persistent cloud layers. Therefore they overestimate the net shortwave flux (5–79 W m−2) and underestimate the net longwave flux (8–38 W m−2). Promisingly, ERA5 provides the best estimates of downward radiative fluxes in spring and summer, suggesting improved forecasting of Arctic cloud cover. All reanalyses exhibit large negative (upward) residual heat flux biases during winter, and positive (downward) biases during summer. Turbulent heat fluxes over sea ice are simulated poorly in all seasons.
Comparing Adaptive Prior and Posterior Inflation for Ensemble Filters Using an Atmospheric General Circulation Model
Authors: El Gharamti Mohamad , Raeder Kevin , Anderson Jeffrey , Wang Xuguang 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Sampling errors and model errors are major drawbacks from which ensemble Kalman filters suffer. Sampling errors arise because of the use of a limited ensemble size, while model errors are deficiencies in the dynamics and underlying parameterizations that may yield biases in the model’s prediction. In this study, we propose a new time-adaptive posterior inflation algorithm in which the analyzed ensemble anomalies are locally inflated. The proposed inflation strategy is computationally efficient and is aimed at restoring enough spread in the analysis ensemble after assimilating the observations. The performance of this scheme is tested against the relaxation to prior spread (RTPS) and adaptive prior inflation. For this purpose, two model are used: the three-variable Lorenz 63 system and the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM). In CAM, global refractivity, temperature, and wind observations from several sources are incorporated to perform a set of assimilation experiments using the Data Assimilation Research Testbed (DART). The proposed scheme is shown to yield better quality forecasts than the RTPS. Assimilation results further suggest that when model errors are small, both prior and posterior inflation are able to mitigate sampling errors with a slight advantage to posterior inflation. When large model errors, such as wind and temperature biases, are present, prior inflation is shown to be more accurate than posterior inflation. Densely observed regions as in the Northern Hemisphere present numerous challenges to the posterior inflation algorithm. A compelling enhancement to the performance of the filter is achieved by combining both adaptive inflation schemes.
Barriers and Opportunities for Improved Exclusive Breast-Feeding Practices in Tanzania: Household Trials With Mothers and Fathers
Authors: Matare Cynthia R. , Craig Hope C. , Martin Stephanie L. , Kayanda Rosemary A. , Chapleau Gina M. , Kerr Rachel Bezner , Dearden Kirk A. , Nnally Luitfrid P. , Dickin Katherine L. 
Published: May 2019

Background: Effective promotion of exclusive breast-feeding (EBF) is needed to improve child nutrition and survival. Objective: We explored barriers and facilitators to EBF in rural Tanzania and assessed parents’ willingness and ability to try specific recommended EBF practices plus strategies for men to support breast-feeding. Methods: We conducted Trials of Improved Practices in 36 households with infants <6 months. Fathers participated in focus group discussions on ways to support breast-feeding. Fathers and mothers were individually interviewed 2 and 3 times, respectively, about their willingness to try and experience with selected new practices. We analyzed data thematically. Results: Common barriers to EBF were (1) use of gripe water and traditional medicines for perceived symptoms of infantile distress; (2) mothers’ workloads and time away from infants, limiting availability for EBF; and (3) water given for perceived thirst. Although several mothers expressed concerns about breast-milk insufficiency, few were giving other foods. After counseling, most mothers reported breast-feeding more optimally. Some reported improved breast-milk supply. Fathers saw their roles as providing food to mothers to ensure sufficient breast-milk and encouraging new practices. Dominant gender roles and work away from home were barriers even if fathers were willing to help with household chores. Fathers mostly provided emotional support or encouraged others to help with chores. Conclusion: Exclusive breast-feeding promotion needs to address concerns about infantile distress and help parents develop effective soothing techniques while avoiding nonprescribed medicines. Engaging men in EBF interventions could help change social norms and facilitate men’s involvement in improving breast-feeding practices.