bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laser‐Structured Graphite Paper Hybrid Anode with Selective Lithiophilic Grooves for Controlled Lithium Metal Deposition
Authors: Wang Gang , Mu Yongbiao , Gu Huicun , Li Hui , Ren Haixiang , Zeng Lin , Xu Shaolin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLithium (Li) metal anodes offer significantly higher theoretical capacity than graphite anodes but face challenges in terms of stability and safety due to dendrite growth and solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) instability. To address these issues, a hybrid Li‐ion/metal anode is proposed to enhance cycling stability by selectively forming lithiated graphite, thereby promoting uniform Li deposition. By laser‐processing commercial graphite paper (GP), a laser‐ablated graphite paper (LGP) anode featuring grooved structures enriched with oxygen‐containing functional groups is fabricated. These structures expose electrochemically active edge planes that facilitate Li‐ion adsorption and intercalation in graphite flakes. The lithophilic functional groups and lithiated graphite (LiC6) inside grooves promote selective Li metal deposition, inhibit dendrite growth, and enhance energy density. The Li||LGP half‐cell operated stably over 300 cycles at 1 mA cm−2 with a Coulombic efficiency over 99%. LGP||LiFePO4 full‐cell maintained a capacity of 157 mAh g−1 after 150 cycles at 0.5 C, compared to 137.5 mAh g−1 for GP||LiFePO4 cells. The LGP full‐cell also shows a capacity of 104 mAh g−1 with 91% capacity retention after 500 cycles at 5 C, whereas the GP full‐cell declined rapidly. These results highlight the potential of the approach for improving the cycling stability and performance of Li metal batteries.
High‐Mobility Emissive n‐Type Polymer Semiconductors: Strong Synergy of Efficient Carrier‐Transporting Diketopyrrolopyrrole and Intense Light‐Emitting Phenylene‐Vinylene
Authors: Chen Jinyang , Wang Sichun , Ren Shiwei , Meng Ruifang , Shi Wenkang , Zhu Mingliang , Zeng Minfeng , Zhao Yan , Guo Yunlong , Liu Yunqi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHigh‐mobility emissive n‐type polymer semiconductors (HMEN‐CPs) are essential for organic optoelectronic devices. However, due to the lack of highly electron‐deficient building blocks with excellent physicochemical properties and the molecular design trade‐offs, the development of HMEN‐CPs has significantly lagged behind that of p‐type counterparts. Here, a new electron‐deficient acceptor, TFBVDPP is developed, by integrating the efficient carrier‐transporting diketopyrrolopyrrole and intense light‐emitting phenylene‐vinylene into a single molecule system. A series of all‐acceptor‐type polymers are synthesized by Pd‐catalyzed Suzuki polycondensation. The introduction of a vinyl bridge induces intra‐/intermolecular non‐covalent interactions, significantly narrowing the optical bandgap while enhancing coplanarity and crystallinity of the conjugated backbone, thus one of the polymers P1 exhibits ideal ambipolar transports with hole and electron mobilities reaching 4.6 and 3.7 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. Additionally, by directly homopolymerizing TFBVDPP, the non‐radiative transition is effectively suppressed, maintaining high electron transport while enhancing emission. This system shows excellent unipolar electron mobility (µe) and high quantum yield (Φ), achieving a record Φ · µe value exceeding 10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1, which is at least three orders of magnitude higher than the reported values. This study provides a new approach for developing HMEN‐CPs, and demonstrates their great potential in advancing organic optoelectronic technologies.
Host–Guest Adduct as a Stimuli‐Responsive Prodrug: Enzyme‐Triggered Self‐Assembly Process of a Short Peptide Within Mitochondria to Induce Cell Apoptosis
Authors: Sarkar Sandip , Chatterjee Atin , Kim Dohyun , Saritha Cevella , Barman Surajit , Jana Batakrishna , Ryu Ja‐Hyoung , Das Amitava 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTo address the issue of nonspecific biodistribution of a chemotherapeutic drug, stable [2]pseudorotaxane complexes (PK@CAOPP and PR@CAOPP) are used to demonstrate a proof of concept. Cationic ‐PPh3+ moiety in CAOPP allows specific localization of the PK@CAOPP/ PR@CAOPP in the mitochondrial membrane (MM). Electrostatic interaction between the cationic LysinePK or ArgininePR moiety and the negatively charged phosphoesterCAOPP functionality in CAOPP favours strong adduct formation. The ALP‐induced hydrolytic cleavage of the phosphoester moiety in cancer cells triggers dephosphorylation and releases PK/ PR moiety from PK@CAOPP/PR@CAOPP. PK or PR, derived from the Phe‐Phe dipeptide, formed fibril‐like molecular aggregates in the MM to induce dysfunction, depolarization, ROS generation and apoptotic MCF7 cell death. Such phenomena were not observed in ALP‐negative HEK293 normal cells. These propositions were confirmed through control studies using NBDK and PE, other guest molecules. Smaller size and inclusion of the short peptides (PK or PR) within the hydrophobic interior of CAOPP, were attributed to their stability in blood serum. Thus, we have demonstrated the use of supramolecular adducts as a potential therapeutic option for treating cancer cells without affecting healthy cells. The efficacy was also established with an in‐vivo MCF7 tumour xenograft model using Balb/c nude mice.
Managing Edge States in Reduced‐Dimensional Perovskites for Highly Efficient Deep‐Blue LEDs
Authors: Wei Keyu , Cui Minghuan , Hu Cejun , Wei Shuo , Zhang Zheng , Zhou Tong , Zhang Jia , Yue Xinxin , Yin Kailin , Sun Changjiu , Li Saisai , Feng Yanxing , Qaid Saif M. H. , Zhao Dongbing , Fu Xuewen , Zhang Wei , Qin Chaochao , Liu Yufang , Jiang Yuanzhi , Yuan Mingjian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPure‐halide reduced‐dimensional perovskites, featuring large exciton binding energy and tunable bandgap, show great potential for high‐efficiency deep‐blue perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs). However, their efficiency, particularly in the low n‐value phase domain (“n” represents the number of octahedral sheets), lags behind analogous perovskite emitters. Herein, it is demonstrated that the vibration of edge‐dangling octahedra in the low n‐value phase activates notorious exciton‐phonon (EP) coupling, thereby deteriorating efficiency. To address this issue, an approach is reported to manage edge‐state lattices by introducing tris(4‐fluorophenyl) phosphine (TFP) ligands. Attributed to the large steric hindrance of TFP ligands and their strong binding affinity for edge‐dangling octahedra, the edged‐octahedral tilting reconstruction can effectively suppress lattice vibration and inhibit EP coupling. This strategy yields deep‐blue emitting film with a spectral linewidth of 21 nm and a photoluminescence quantum yield of 85% at low excitation densities. The resulting PeLEDs achieve deep‐blue emission at 469 nm, with a maximum luminance of 2,428 cd m−2 and a maximum external quantum efficiency of 10.4%, marking them among the most efficient deep‐blue PeLEDs reported. The strategy also showcases universality for higher n‐value reduced‐dimensional perovskites. It is believed that the observation, along with the edge‐state management strategy, lays the groundwork for further advancements in reduced‐dimensional perovskite optoelectronic devices.
Optimized Low‐Loss Ge2Sb2Te5 Superlattice: Design, Fabrication and Application
Authors: Dong Yida , Wu Ziqi , Zhong Wentao , Zhu Zhuoxuan , Liang Jinxuan , Li Yida , Xiang X.‐D. , Lei Lei , Shen Mei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOptical phase change materials (OPCMs) hold significant promise in photonic integrated circuits (PICs) due to their non‐volatile modulation capabilities through phase transition. Recently, integrating OPCMs with silicon devices has been leveraged to achieve multi‐level modulation in neural network computing. However, the conventional OPCM Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST), faces challenges in large‐scale PICs due to its large absorption. In this work, an optimized low‐loss GST superlattice is demonstrated, which significantly lowers crystalline attenuation coefficients from 2.69 to 0.539 dB µm−1, with negligible loss in amorphous state, while retaining excellent phase modulation capability. Additionally, 15 distinguishable extinction ratio states are achieved by manipulating irradiation energy for a hybrid Si microring resonator (MRR) embedded with GST superlattice. To further explore the potential application of GST superlattice in optical computing, an all‐optical tunable temporal differentiator is empirically demonstrated with a single hybrid MRR, achieving a broad dynamic differentiation order ranging from 0.7 to 1.3. The non‐volatile nature of OPCM facilitates low energy consumption and effectively optimizes chip density. The proposed structural design strategy to reduce the absorption loss is universal for any promising OPCMs feasible for large‐scale artificial intelligence‐driven PICs, including optical analog computing, optical switching and optical neural networks.
Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Photosensitive Field‐Effect Transistor Enabled by Poly(3‐Hexylthiophene‐2,5‐Diyl) Channel Layer
Authors: Huang Fobao , Yang Qingyuan , Ding Yiluo , Liu Chunxiao , Chao Yong , Hu Gongwei , Huang Wei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPhotosensitive field‐effect transistors (PhFETs) are three‐terminal photodetectors that enable photocurrent modulation and amplification through gate‐voltage control. Organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskites are known for their high photoelectric conversion efficiency, but ion migration in these materials causes gate‐field shielding, posing challenges for constructing PhFETs using only 3D perovskites. To address this issue, a heterojunction strategy is proposed using the stable and process‐compatible organic semiconductor poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) (P3HT) as the channel layer and the organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskite cesium‐doped formamidinium lead trihalide (FA0.9Cs0.1PbI3) as the light absorption layer. The bottom‐gate top‐contact PhFETs are fabricated using all‐solution processes. By comparing PhFET performance across three active‐layer structures (perovskite, P3HT, perovskite/P3HT) under dark and illuminated conditions, it is found that perovskite devices basically do not exhibit field‐effect but have the highest light‐to‐dark current ratio; P3HT devices exhibit field‐effect but weak photoresponse at 532 nm; in contrast, P3HT/perovskite heterojunction devices not only achieve field‐effect but also exhibit substantial photoresponse. The P3HT channel effectively modulates or amplifies the photocurrent and dark current of the heterojunction device, yielding nearly ten‐fold enhancements in responsivity and external quantum efficiency compared to perovskite devices, along with significantly improved response speed. This study advances the development of 3D organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskite PhFETs.
Sulfur (VI) Fluoride Exchange (SuFEx) via Glass–Assisted Organocatalysis
Authors: Nawaz Ismat , Nawaz Maryam , Shah Zaib Saleem Rahman , Abbas Chotana Ghayoor 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAn environmentally benign route for the synthesis of sulfonamides via Sulfur (VI) Fluoride Exchange (SuFEx) chemistry utilizing N‐methylimidazole, that simultaneously act as a base, precatalyst, HF by‐product scavenger, as well as solvent, is described. This one‐step sulfonamide synthesis exhibits excellent reactivity toward highly electron‐deficient and less nucleophilic anilines as well as aminopyridines while tolerating a wide range of functional groups. In addition to the desired sulfonamide target, we also isolated an ionic salt as the sole side product from the reaction mixture that has been identified as bis[1‐methyl‐1H‐imidazole‐3‐ium] hexafluorosilicate (IV). The glass surface of reaction vessel is acting as the source of silicon present in the isolated side product. Formation of hexafluorosilicate salt is also facilitating the consumption of sulfonyl fluoride for sulfonamide synthesis. Optimization of the reaction under various conditions, as well as the isolation of the bis[1‐methyl‐1H‐imidazole‐3‐ium] hexafluorosilicate (IV) salt, highlight the crucial role of N‐methylimidazole and support the glass‐assisted approach. Besides the first example of glass–assisted SuFEx catalyzed by benign organic bases, this reaction also offers an alternative route for accessing protic hexafluorosilicate‐based molten salts without employing external HF. The synthetic utility of this SuFEx route for late‐stage functionalization is also demonstrated.
Patterns and heterogeneity in credit repayment performance: Evidence from Malian farmers
Authors: Ölkers Tim , Liu Shuang , Mußhoff Oliver , Yu Xiaohua 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFormal credit can enhance farmers' purchasing power, increase productivity, and enforce resilience throughout the agricultural sector. Therefore, analyzing bank clients and credit data in the agricultural sector is of interest. This study aims to (1) investigate distinct cluster patterns among the bank's farmer clients in Mali utilizing clustering techniques on 3335 farmer clients with 9469 credit records data collected between January 2010 and April 2022, and (2) reveal whether these clusters exhibit heterogeneity regarding credit repayment performance. Our results indicate the presence of three distinct clusters differing by personal and credit characteristics: frequent low‐volume farmers (FLVF), moderate‐volume high‐interest farmers (MVHIF), and high‐volume long‐term farmers (HVLTF). Each identified and distinct cluster demonstrates a dissimilar on time, late, or defaulted repayment performance. The associations between credit volume, credit duration, interest rate, repayment periodicity, and various delayed repayments differ across clusters, indicating heterogeneity. Hence, tailored financial products to different farmer clusters are needed to enhance the repayment performance of farmers in Mali.
Structurally Asymmetric Ni−O−Mn Node in Metal–Organic Layers on Carbon Nitride Support for CO2 Photoreduction
Authors: Guan Chen , Yue Xiaoyang , Liao Yulong , Xiang Quanjun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe Jahn–Teller (J–T) effect‐induced lattice distortion presents an advantageous approach to tailor the electronic structure and CO2 adsorption properties of catalytic centers, consequently conferring desirable photocatalytic CO2 reduction activity and selectivity. Nevertheless, achieving precise J–T distortion control over catalytic sites to enhance CO2 adsorption/activation and target‐product desorption remains a formidable challenge. In this work, we successfully induced J–T lattice distortion in neighboring Ni sites by exchanging high‐spin Mn2+ into Ni−O−Ni nodes. EXAFS results and DFT simulations revealed that the highly asymmetric Ni−O−Mn nodes induced structural contraction (shortened Ni−O bonds) in the adjacent Ni−O lattice. The magnetic hysteresis loop (M−H) confirmed that the introduction of Mn2+ increased the number of spin electrons, thereby increasing the magnetization intensity. The spin mismatch between photogenerated electrons and holes suppressed charge recombination. Significantly, the d orbitals of the Ni sites in the Ni−O−Mn nodes exhibited strong orbital hybridization with the p orbitals of CO2, as evidenced by the enhanced d‐p orbital overlap, facilitating rapid CO2 adsorption and activation. Consequently, the sample featuring lattice‐mismatched Ni−O−Mn nodes exhibited an 8.79‐fold enhancement in CO production rate compared to the Ni−O−Ni nodes, in the absence of cocatalysts and sacrificial reagents.
PVDF/PVB composite polymer electrolyte membranes with high conductivity and excellent cycling performance for lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Ren Yijin , Yang Yaojun , Zhang Jun , Ma Yanbin , Chen Congbo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPolymer electrolytes, which eliminate the hazards of using liquid electrolytes, including electrolyte leakage, thereby showing high safety and stability, exhibit high potential for application in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, for applicability in high‐performance LIBs, improving the ionic conductivity of polymer electrolytes is vital. This study proposes a new scheme for fabricating polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/polyvinyl butyral (PVB) composite polymer electrolyte membranes with high conductivity. As expected, the PVDF/PVB composite membranes synthesized in this study show a high porosity (48.8%) and liquid electrolyte uptake (110%) owing to low crystallinity; PVDF/PVB (9:1) gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) exhibit an excellent ionic conductivity of 3.90 × 10−3 S/cm at 20 °C and a good Li+ transference number (0.62). Consequently, Li||LiFePO4 cells with PVDF/PVB (9:1) GPEs show excellent cycling performance, a high discharge capacity, which changes only slightly from 153.98 to 132.09 mAh/g over 100 cycles at 0.2 °C, thereby showing a capacity retention of 93.5%, and a high coulombic efficiency of 98.35%. Finally, a mechanism for Li‐ion transport in PVDF/PVB GPEs is proposed. Strong non‐bonded interactions between the anhydride polar groups in PVB and Li+ could facilitate Li+ migration via cationic Li+ conduction by fixing anions (PF6−), thereby improving the electrochemical performance of the system. Thus, this study confirms that PVDF/PVB GPEs, with excellent ionic conductivity and cycling performance, exhibit promising application prospects in the field of LIBs. Therefore, the results of this study could open new frontiers in the fabrication of high‐performance and stable LIBs.
The effectiveness of immersive virtual reality applications (human anatomy) on self‐directed learning competencies among undergraduate nursing students: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Jallad Samar Thabet 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTechnological developments have significantly impacted various aspects of life, most notably healthcare and education. A nursing education shift was required to prepare digital generation. Consequently, nurse educators must adopt innovative approaches to teaching and learning, like incorporating immersive virtual reality (VR) into human anatomy courses to improve students' learning. To examine the influence of immersive VR applications (human anatomy) on self‐directed learning (SDL) competencies among undergraduate nursing students. A cross‐sectional design was conducted in the health profession's faculty at Al‐Quds University among the first year of the nursing program, who were enrolled in an anatomy course (N = 137). The Self‐Directed Learning Instrument was used, and independent sample t‐tests were conducted to compare the level of SDL among students who utilized the VR application (Human Anatomy VR). The results showed that 93.9% of the total were approximately 20 years old, and 85.4% were females. 90.5% of participants expressed satisfaction with using the VR application and that it would be beneficial in nursing courses. The average score of SDL for the whole group was 72.03 ± 13.07, and there is a positive significant relationship between SDL and students utilizing VR (p < 0.001), between SDL competencies and technological skills (p = 0.009), and type of digital tools (p = 0.049). The highest coefficient of correlation was related to planning and self‐monitoring (r = 0.918), and the lowest was related to interpersonal communications (r = 0.865). VR is an additional tool for enhancing learning, and nursing students perceive immersive VR technologies positively and prefer using three‐dimensional images in their anatomy courses. SDL assists students in identifying learning objectives, barriers, and outcomes through using VR technologies as teaching strategies.
Revisiting the Intrabinary Shock Model for Millisecond Pulsar Binaries: Radiative Losses and Long‐Term Variability
Authors: Park Jaegeun , Kim Chanho , An Hongjun , Wadiasingh Zorawar 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTSpectrally hard x‐ray emission with double‐peak light curves (LCs) and orbitally modulated gamma rays have been observed in some millisecond pulsar binaries, phenomena attributed to intrabinary shocks (IBSs). While the existing IBS model by Sim et al. (2024; Astrophysical Journal 964(2):109) successfully explains these high‐energy features observed in three pulsar binaries, it neglects particle energy loss within the shock region. We refine this IBS model to incorporate radiative losses of x‐ray emitting electrons and positrons and verify that the losses have insignificant impact on the observed LCs and spectra of the three binaries. Applying our refined IBS model to the x‐ray bright pulsar binary PSR J1723‐2837, we predict that it can be detected by the Cherenkov Telescope Array. Additionally, we propose that the long‐term x‐ray variability observed in XSS J12270‐4859 and PSR J1723‐2837 is due to changes in the shape of their IBSs. Our modeling of the x‐ray variability suggests that these IBS shape changes may alter the extinction of the companion's optical emission, potentially explaining the simultaneous optical and x‐ray variability observed in XSS J12270‐4859. We present the model results and discuss their implications.
Oxide Solid Electrolytes in Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Umair Muhammad , Zhou Shiqiang , Li Wenzheng , Rana Hafiz Talha Hasnain , Yang Jingyi , Cheng Lukuan , Li Mengrui , Yu Suzhu , Wei Jun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSolid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) have re‐emerged as high‐priority materials for enhancing the safety and power density of electrochemical energy storage devices. However, several challenges, including low ionic conductivity, narrow redox windows, and interface issues, hinder the practical deployment of solid‐state batteries (SSBs). In this review, we evaluate recent advances in the design, synthesis, and analysis of oxide SSEs and identify relevant structural and stability factors, as well as dimensional design concepts, for creating oxide SSEs to meet practical application requirements. We provide an overview of the development and characteristics of oxide SSEs, then analyze bulk and ion transport based on different structures. We summarize the progress made in various synthetic approaches to oxide SSEs and discuss issues related to their stability and factors influencing ionic conductivity. Furthermore, we present the main challenges and future development directions of oxide SSBs to pave the way for the practical applications of oxide SSEs.
A Sensitive and Quick Fluorescent Sensor for the “Turn‐On” Detection and Imaging of Glutathione Based on Sulfur Quantum Dots and MnO2 Nanosheets
Authors: Hu Zhenlin , Cheng Min , Zhang Yuanyan , Zhang Leyao , Xu Huifeng , Zhu Xi 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTGlutathione (GSH) is one of the most abundant bioethanol antioxidants in living cells. Here, a fluorescent probe based on MnO2 nanosheets and sulfur quantum dots (SQDs) was fabricated. Because of the synergistic effect of IFE and FRET, the fluorescence from SQDs was quenched by MnO2 nanosheets. In the presence of GSH, the fluorescence of SQDs could be recovered because of the reduction of MnO2 nanosheets by GSH. The method can detect GSH in the concentration range of 5 ~ 1000 μM with the detection limit as low as 1.26 μM. This quick, easy, and cost‐effective sensor could be used for the quantification of GSH in serum samples and the imaging of GSH in Escherichia coli O157:H7.