bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of fitness distributions in the presence of a phenotypic optimum: an integro-differential approach
Authors: Gil M.-E. , Hamel F. , Martin G. , Roques L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe propose an integro-differential description of the dynamics of the fitness distribution in an asexual population under mutation and selection, in the presence of a phenotype optimum. Due to the presence of this optimum, the distribution of mutation effects on fitness depends on the parent’s fitness, leading to a non-standard equation with “context-dependent" mutation kernels.Under general assumptions on the mutation kernels, which encompass the standardndimensional Gaussian Fisher’s geometrical model (FGM), we prove that the equation admits a unique time-global solution. Furthermore, we derive a nonlocal nonlinear transport equation satisfied by the cumulant generating function of the fitness distribution. As this equation is the same as the equation derived by Martin and Roques (2016) while studying stochastic Wright-Fisher-type models, this shows that the solution of the main integro-differential equation can be interpreted as the expected distribution of fitness corresponding to this type of microscopic models, in a deterministic limit. Additionally, we give simple sufficient conditions for the existence/non-existence of a concentration phenomenon at the optimal fitness value, i.e, of a Dirac mass at the optimum in the stationary fitness distribution. We show how it determines a phase transition, as mutation rates increase, in the value of the equilibrium mean fitness at mutation-selection balance. In the particular case of the FGM, consistently with previous studies based on other formalisms (Waxman and Peck, 1998, 2006), the condition for the existence of the concentration phenomenon simply requires that the dimensionnof the phenotype space be larger than or equal to 3 and the mutation rateUbe smaller than some explicit threshold.The accuracy of these deterministic approximations are further checked by stochastic individual-based simulations.
The Microbial Metabolite 4-Cresol Improves Glucose Homeostasis and Enhances β-Cell Function
Authors: Brial Francois , Alzaid Fawaz , Sonomura Kazuhiro , Meneyrol Kelly , Le Lay Aurélie , Péan Noémie , Neves Ana , Chilloux Julien , Hedjazi Lyamine , Sato Taka-Aki , Martinez Andrea Rodriguez , Venteclef Nicolas , Nicholson Jeremy K , Magnan Christophe , Lathrop Mark , Dumas Marc-Emmanuel , Matsuda Fumihiko , Zalloua Pierre , Gauguier Dominique 
Published: October 2018

SUMMARYGut microbiota changes are associated with increased risk of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. Through serum metabolome profiling in patients with cardiometabolic disease (CMD) we identified significant inverse correlation between the microbial metabolite 4-cresol and T2D. Chronic administration of non toxic dose of 4-cresol in two complementary preclinical models of CMD reduced adiposity, glucose intolerance and liver triglycerides, and enhanced insulin secretion in vivo, which may be explained by markedly increased pancreas weight, augmented islet density and size, and enhanced vascularisation suggesting activated islet neogenesis. Incubation of isolated islets with 4-cresol enhanced insulin secretion, insulin content and cell proliferation. In both CMD models 4-cresol treatment in vivo was associated with altered expression of SIRT1 and the kinase DYRK1A, which may contribute to mediate its biological effects. Our findings identify 4-cresol as an effective regulator of β-cell function and T2D endophenotypes, which opens therapeutic perspectives in syndromes of insulin deficiency.
Human IFNε: Spaciotemporal expression, hormone regulation and innate immunity in the female reproductive tract
Authors: Bourke Nollaig M. , Achilles Sharon L. , Huang Stephanie U. , Cumming Helen E. , Papageorgio Irene , Gearing Linden J. , Thakore Suruchi , Mangan Niamh E. , Mesiano Sam , Hertzog Paul J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractInterferon epsilon (IFNε) plays an important role in regulating protective immunity in the female reproductive tract in mouse models; but the expression and regulation of this IFNε in the human FRT had not yet been characterised. Here we show that IFNε is selectively and highly expressed in the human FRT, a unique characteristic among the many types of IFN. IFNε has distinct expression patterns in upper compared with lower FRT where it is predominantly expressed in the basal layers of the stratified squamous epithelia. We demonstrate direct regulation of IFNε expression is suppressed by progesterone consistent with its inverse correlation with progesterone receptor expression, but only in the endometrium where its expression therefore fluctuates throughout the menstrual cycle. We show that IFNε regulates immunoregulatory IFN regulated genes (IRGs) in FRT epithelial cells. The characterisation of huIFNε expression in both the upper and the lower FRT epithelia and its protective properties make this IFN well placed to be an important player in mediating hormonal control of FRT immune response and susceptibility to FRT infection.SummaryBourke et al. characterise the novel type I interferon epsilon (IFNε), as the only IFN constitutively expressed throughout the human female reproductive tract (FRT), where it is hormonally regulated and modules IFN dependent FRT immunity.
ahr2, but notahr1aorahr1b, is required for craniofacial and fin development and TCDD-dependent cardiotoxicity in zebrafish
Authors: Souder Jaclyn P , Gorelick Daniel A 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThe aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that binds environmental toxins and regulates gene expression. AHR also regulates developmental processes, like craniofacial development and hematopoiesis, in the absence of environmental exposures. Zebrafish have three paralogues of AHR:ahr1a,ahr1bandahr2. Adult zebrafish with mutations inahr2exhibited craniofacial and fin defects. However, the degree to whichahr1aandahr1binfluenceahr2signaling and contribute to fin and craniofacial development are not known. We compared morphology of adultahr2mutants andahr1a/ahr1bsingle and double mutant zebrafish. We found thatahr1a/ahr1bsingle and double mutants were morphologically normal whileahr2mutant zebrafish demonstrated fin and craniofacial malformations. At 5 days post fertilization, bothahr1a/ahr1bandahr2mutant larvae were normal, suggesting that adult phenotypes are due to defects in maturation or maintenance. AHR was shown to interact with estrogen receptor alpha, yet it is not known whether these interactions are constitutive or dependent onahr1genes. To determine whether estrogen receptors are constitutive cofactors for AHR signaling, we used genetic and pharmacologic techniques to analyze TCDD-dependent toxicity in estrogen receptor andahrmutant embryos. We found that embryos with mutations inahr1a/ahr1bor estrogen receptor genes are susceptible to TCDD toxicity whileahr2mutant embryos are TCDD-resistant. Moreover, pharmacologic blockade of nuclear estrogen receptors failed to prevent TCDD toxicity. These findings suggest thatahr1genes do not have overlapping functions withahr2in fin and craniofacial development or TCDD-dependent toxicity, and that estrogen receptors are not constitutive partners ofahr2.
Cellular labeling of endogenous virus replication (CLEVR) reveals de novo insertions of the gypsy endogenous retrovirus in cell culture and in both neurons and glial cells of aging fruit flies
Authors: Chang Yung-Heng , Keegan Richard M. , Prazak Lisa , Dubnau Josh 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEvidence is rapidly mounting that transposable element expression and replication may impact biology more widely than previously thought. This includes potential effects on normal physiology of somatic tissues and dysfunctional impacts in diseases associated with aging such as cancer and neurodegeneration. Investigation of the biological impact of mobile elements in somatic cells will be greatly facilitated by use of donor elements that are engineered to report de novo events in vivo. In multicellular organisms, successful reporters of LINE element mobilization have been in use for some time, but similar strategies have not been developed to report Long Terminal Repeat (LTR) retrotransposons and endogenous retroviruses. We describe Cellular Labeling of Endogenous Virus Replication (CLEVR), which reports replication of the gypsy element in Drosophila. The gypsy-CLEVR reporter reveals gypsy replication both in cell culture and in individual neurons and glial cells of the aging adult fly. We also demonstrate that the gypsy-CLEVR replication rate is increased when the short interfering RNA silencing system is genetically disrupted. This CLEVR strategy makes use of universally conserved features of retroviruses and should be widely applicable to other LTR-retrotransposons, endogenous retroviruses and exogenous retroviruses.
An organoleptic survey of meads made with lactic acid-producing yeasts
Authors: Peepall Carolyn , Nickens David G. , Vinciguerra Joseph , Bochman Matthew L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe previously reported the isolation a suite of wild lactic acid-producing yeasts (LAYs) that enable “primary souring” during beer fermentation without the use of lactic acid bacteria. With sour meads gaining popularity in modern mead making, we were interested in exploring the same primary souring approach to traditional semi-sweet meads. In this study, we utilized 13 LAY strains to produce semi-sweet meads using a standardized batch of honey must to ensure consistent starting conditions. Thirteen 11-L batches of mead were prepared, and each was inoculated with one of the LAY strains, along with two control batches inoculated with champagne yeast. The initial pH and specific gravity were measured for each batch before inoculation. Traditional organic staggered nutrient addition was utilized for the first 72 h of fermentation with specific gravities being taken throughout the mead making process. Meads were racked, tasted, stabilized, cold crashed, bottled, and transported to the American Mead Maker’s Association 2018 Conference in Broomfield, Colorado. There, organoleptic surveys were conducted on these meads utilizing an array of tasters with varying levels of mead sensory analysis experience. The results of the sensory analysis, focusing on aroma and flavor, are discussed.
Mobile robot motion control and autonomous navigation in GPS-denied outdoor environments using 3D laser scanning
Authors: Yang Qifeng , Qu Daokui , Xu Fang , Zou Fengshan , He Guojian , Sun Mingze 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to propose a series of approaches to solve the problem of the mobile robot motion control and autonomous navigation in large-scale outdoor GPS-denied environments.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on the model of mobile robot with two driving wheels, a controller is designed and tested in obstacle-cluttered scenes in this paper. By using the priori “topology-geometry” map constructed based on the odometer data and the online matching algorithm of 3D-laser scanning points, a novel approach of outdoor localization with 3D-laser scanner is proposed to solve the problem of poor localization accuracy in GPS-denied environments. A path planning strategy based on geometric feature analysis and priority evaluation algorithm is also adopted to ensure the safety and reliability of mobile robot’s autonomous navigation and control.

Findings
A series of experiments are conducted with a self-designed mobile robot platform in large-scale outdoor environments, and the experimental results show the validity and effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Originality/value
The problem of motion control for a differential drive mobile robot is investigated in this paper first. At the same time, a novel approach of outdoor localization with 3D-laser scanner is proposed to solve the problem of poor localization accuracy in GPS-denied environments. A path planning strategy based on geometric feature analysis and priority evaluation algorithm is also adopted to ensure the safety and reliability of mobile robot’s autonomous navigation and control.
Synchronous AR assembly assistance and monitoring system based on ego-centric vision
Authors: Yin Xuyue , Fan Xiumin , Zhu Wenmin , Liu Rui 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
Aiming at presenting an interaction-free assembly assistance tool, the purpose of this paper is to propose a synchronous augmented reality (AR) assembly assistance and monitoring system. The system monitors operator’s hands activity and process completeness to recognize the assembly state, then display the AR contents contextually.

Design/methodology/approach
An assembly behavior recognition method is proposed based on gesture recognition. An assembly completeness inspection method is proposed based on SURF feature matching. Assembly state and AR display state are solved by a novel sequential hybrid AR display control strategy. A synchronous multi-channel AR view output strategy is proposed based on QR matrix decomposition.

Findings
A prototype system has been developed, and case study is performed on an industrial product. Experiments are performed to verify the feasibility, efficiency and recognition accuracy of the proposed methods.

Research limitations/implications
The proposed system assists users to perform assembly tasks with automatic visual guidance and vision monitoring, avoiding distractions caused by redundant human–computer interactions.

Practical implications
All methods are integrated to work on only one head-worn device, making the proposed system portable and cheaper. The vision processing pipelines and the view output channels are reconfigurable for customization.

Originality/value
This paper proposes an interaction-free AR assembly assistance and monitoring system. Assembly behavior recognition and assembly completeness inspection methods are integrated to monitor the assembly state. A sequential hybrid AR display control strategy is proposed to contextually update the AR contents. A synchronous multi-channel AR view output strategy is proposed to fulfill different visualization needs.
Flexible co-manipulation and transportation with mobile multi-robot system
Authors: Hichri Bassem , Adouane Lounis , Fauroux Jean-Christophe , Mezouar Youcef , Doroftei Ioan 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to address optimal positioning of a group of mobile robots for a successful manipulation and transportation of payloads of any shape.

Design/methodology/approach
The chosen methodology to achieve optimal positioning of the robots around the payload to lift it and to transport it while maintaining a geometric multi-robot formation is presented. This appropriate configuration of the set of robots is obtained by combining constraints ensuring stable and safe lifting and transport of the payload. A suitable control law is then used to track a virtual structure in which each elementary robot has to keep its desired position with respect to the payload.

Findings
An optimal positioning of mobile robots around a payload to ensure stable co-manipulation and transportation task according to stability multi-criteria constraints. Simulation and experimental results validate the proposed control architecture and strategy for a successful transportation task based on virtual structure navigation approach.

Originality/value
This paper presents a new strategy for co-manipulation and co-transportation task based on a virtual structure navigation approach. An algorithm for optimal positioning of mobile robots around a payload of any mass and shape is proposed while ensuring stability during the whole process by respecting multi-criteria task stability constraints.
Modelling the adoption of sustainable procurement in construction organisations
Authors: Agbesi Kwaku , Fugar Frank D. , Adjei-Kumi Theophilus 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The adoption of sustainable procurement in construction clients’ organisation remains a difficult concept. Current research of sustainable procurement adoption studies fails to focus on a multi-stage adoption process. The purpose of this paper is to develop an organisational adoption model in a multi-stage process for the adoption of sustainable procurement in construction.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper developed an organisational adoption model. The model was tested against data obtained from survey administered to 193 respondents of central and local government institutions with a response rate of 63.7 per cent. Structural equation modelling using the partial least squares was employed to determine and confirm the factor structure of the model, and to measure the relationships between the model constructs.

Findings
An organisational adoption model is developed, tested and is robust to aid the adoption decision process of sustainable procurement within construction organisations.

Research limitations/implications
The study is limited in scope affecting generalisation of the results. Future study should expand the scope to include consultants, contractors and suppliers.

Practical implications
The adoption model will assist policy makers and top managers to understand the adoption decision process and prioritise on the technological, organisational and environmental factors that significantly affect sustainable adoption decision process within construction organisations.

Originality/value
This study appears to be among the first to empirically develop an organisational adoption model to aid the adoption of sustainable procurement in construction.
Discovering high-level BPMN process models from event data
Authors: Kalenkova Anna , Burattin Andrea , de Leoni Massimiliano , van der Aalst Wil , Sperduti Alessandro 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that process mining techniques can help to discover process models from event logs, using conventional high-level process modeling languages, such as Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN), leveraging their representational bias.

Design/methodology/approach
The integrated discovery approach presented in this work is aimed to mine: control, data and resource perspectives within one process diagram, and, if possible, construct a hierarchy of subprocesses improving the model readability. The proposed approach is defined as a sequence of steps, performed to discover a model, containing various perspectives and presenting a holistic view of a process. This approach was implemented within an open-source process mining framework called ProM and proved its applicability for the analysis of real-life event logs.

Findings
This paper shows that the proposed integrated approach can be applied to real-life event logs of information systems from different domains. The multi-perspective process diagrams obtained within the approach are of good quality and better than models discovered using a technique that does not consider hierarchy. Moreover, due to the decomposition methods applied, the proposed approach can deal with large event logs, which cannot be handled by methods that do not use decomposition.

Originality/value
The paper consolidates various process mining techniques, which were never integrated before and presents a novel approach for the discovery of multi-perspective hierarchical BPMN models. This approach bridges the gap between well-known process mining techniques and a wide range of BPMN-complaint tools.
Forty years of rural reform in China: retrospect and future prospects
Authors: Chen Xiwen 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
Bottlenecked by rural underdevelopment, China’s overall development is bound to be inadequate and unbalanced. Through a brief retrospect of the reform directed against the “equalitarianism (egalitarianism)” in China’s rural areas, as well as the Chinese Government’s conceptual transformation and systemic construction and improvement thereof, the purpose of this paper is to clarify the panoramic significance of rural reform; the necessity, priority, and long-term nature of the current rural development; and the important role of public policy in doing so. It also looks ahead to consider the prospects for future rural reform.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper first reviews the rural reforms that were carried out in 1978. Second, it introduces the government’s conceptual change regarding rural reform and the establishment and improvement of the system that underlies it. Finally, the future of rural reform is envisaged.

Findings
The initial rural reforms brought extensive and profound changes to China’s rural areas. The experience of rural reform has been referred to and escalated by other fields of study. Hence, rural reforms have become something of global significance. Moreover, since the government can undertake reforms well beyond the reach of farmers, its views must be modified in a timely manner, and only then may it reasonably construct and improve the system pertaining to the “three rural issues (agriculture, rural areas, and farmers).”

Originality/value
This paper reviews the rural reforms carried out in 1978. It introduces the government’s change of concept with respect to rural reforms and the establishment and improvement of the system based on the “three rural issues,” thus looking forward to the future of rural reforms. The findings of this paper are of significance to the formulation of future agricultural policies.