bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of life histories in an age of apology: A presence of the past?
Authors: De Wilde Lieselot , Vanobbergen Bruno , Roets Griet 
Published: September 2018

Based on an oral history study that retrospectively explores the life histories of former orphans in the city of Ghent (Belgium) after the Second World War, we analyse and critique the role of historical research in the current apology trend. Due to the crucial role of (oral) history in these out-of-home care inquiries, these official public apologies, offered by the state as an attempt to come to terms with the past, deserve some specific academic attention in social work research. By inquiring into historical abuse in child welfare and educational institutions, governments of the Western world attempt to close a rather dark chapter in their national histories. Relying on research insights emerging from our research project with formerly orphaned children, we argue that it is impossible to puzzle together one common historical narrative. Moreover, we discovered that the history of the Ghent orphanages is still very much debated and alive more than 35 years after their doors were closed. In this article, we tease out how life histories can play a role in Western welfare states today. We therefore explore the relevance of the notion of ‘presence’ in order to rethink the relationship between the past and the present.
Predictive models for identifying risk of readmission after index hospitalization for heart failure: A systematic review
Authors: Mahajan Satish M , Heidenreich Paul , Abbott Bruce , Newton Ana , Ward Deborah 
Published: September 2018

Aims: Readmission rates for patients with heart failure have consistently remained high over the past two decades. As more electronic data, computing power, and newer statistical techniques become available, data-driven care could be achieved by creating predictive models for adverse outcomes such as readmissions. We therefore aimed to review models for predicting risk of readmission for patients admitted for heart failure. We also aimed to analyze and possibly group the predictors used across the models. Methods: Major electronic databases were searched to identify studies that examined correlation between readmission for heart failure and risk factors using multivariate models. We rigorously followed the review process using PRISMA methodology and other established criteria for quality assessment of the studies. Results: We did a detailed review of 334 papers and found 25 multivariate predictive models built using data from either health system or trials. A majority of models was built using multiple logistic regression followed by Cox proportional hazards regression. Some newer studies ventured into non-parametric and machine learning methods. Overall predictive accuracy with C-statistics ranged from 0.59 to 0.84. We examined significant predictors across the studies using clinical, administrative, and psychosocial groups. Conclusions: Complex disease management and correspondingly increasing costs for heart failure are driving innovations in building risk prediction models for readmission. Large volumes of diverse electronic data and new statistical methods have improved the predictive power of the models over the past two decades. More work is needed for calibration, external validation, and deployment of such models for clinical use.
Ecological Assessment of Natural Fibre Reinforced Components and Thermoplastics for Automotive Parts
Authors: Flake Michael , Fleissner Thomas , Hansen Anja 
Published: September 2018

Renewable raw materials are generally considered as environmentally friendly. According to the Life Cycle Assessment method, this paper presents an investigation of different automotive parts based on natural fibres and plastics. During their whole life cycle, from the provision of raw materials up to their recycling, expenditures of matter, energy and emissions are compared in order to identify the ecological effects of production and the usefulness of the parts investigated. It is shown that with respect to the demand for matter and energy and to environmentally relevant emissions, a side panel consisting of natural fibres is more advantageous than the reference part consisting of ABS injection moulding. Ecological optimisation is related to a substitution of the epoxy resin hardener system. Cultivation and processing of fibre plants are ecologically harmless in comparison to the other life cycle stages. Weighing less, further ecological advantages of natural fibre parts result from energy savings during the utilisation of a car. So far, material recycling is difficult for the natural fibre composite, therefore, incineration (or deposition) is the best disposal option. Ecological effects of the boot panels are determined by construction and by materials employed. Depending on the design, also plastics can result in lighter components.
Dynamometric Analysis of the Tear Resistance Performance of Polyolefin Based Materials
Authors: Suman Michele 
Published: September 2018

The use of plastic packaging materials characterised by tear resistance properties is always more critical in manifold commercial sectors, where a consumer might re-use a package many times. Here a method is proposed for determining the energy necessary to propagate a tear in a test film sample, to simulate the opening operation of a package. This method has been adopted for comparing the properties of different materials based on Cast Polypropylene (CPP), Biaxially-Oriented Polypropylene (BOPP) and High Density Polyethylene (HDPE). Respect to the lowest tear resistance showed by BOPP and, in part, by films combined with it, there are higher performances expressed by CPP and HDPE materials. The break point energy registered is a useful parameter to use for comparing the three materials.
Hydrocarbon Mixtures from Waste Polymer Degradation
Authors: Miskolczi Norbert , Bartha László , Deák Gyula , Jóvér Béla , Kalló Dénes 
Published: September 2018

The degradation of waste polymers is one of the possible routes of utilization. Various cracking processes are suggested for different waste polymers, when long alkyl chains are degraded and transformed into lighter hydrocarbons. Yields of the liquid and gas reaction products can be increased and composition thereof can be modified by catalysts. Catalytic cracking of polyolefin waste polymers was studied in a batch reactor without and with Y, FAU (FCC), H-ZSM5 and natural clinoptilolite zeolite catalysts. The additives of the feed polymers did not significantly affect the yields and properties of the products but the type of the catalysts did. Both the gas and liquid yields increased with the catalyst concentration. The activity of the catalysts influenced the yields and the molecular weight of the volatile compounds. In the presence of catalysts both double bond and carbon chain isomerization were observed, but the latter was less significant than the former. The minimum temperature of cracking is lower with catalyst than without catalyst. The grain size of catalyst affects the yields, but less significantly the composition of products.
Use of Marble Waste in the Rubber Industry: Part II (SBR Compounds)
Authors: Agrawal S. , Mandot S. , Bandyopadhyay S. , Mukhopadhyay R. , Dasgupta M. , De P.P. , Deuri A.S. 
Published: September 2018

An attempt has been made to utilise marble powder as a filler for rubber. The marble was derived from the slurry produced by a Gangsaw machine while cutting the big marble blocks in north-western India. The marble powder has been used in styrene butadiene rubber (SBR): (1) as a cheapening filler, (2) as a semi-reinforcing filler; this involved chemical treatment of the slurry; and (3) as a partial replacement for carbon black filler, to reduce the cost of the compounds. One other motivation was the need to find a way of disposing of the powder, which is creating a serious threat to the local environment. The methodology consisted of: (i) collection of the marble powder (ii) its characterisation (iii) its evaluation in rubber compounds (iv) treatment of the marble powder to enhance its reinforcing characteristics both by chemicals and by electron beam (EB) radiation and (v) evaluation of the filled material in end-products. It was found that the marble powder could be used as a cheapening filler in styrene butadiene rubber, in place of other commercial fillers like whiting. However, no significant improvement was obtained by chemical treatment or by electron beam (EB) radiation of the marble powder. It could be used as a partial replacement for carbon black (up to 10 phr) in various rubber products, which are used under static conditions (not under dynamic situations). These findings were consistent with those previously observed for natural rubber compounds.
Utilization of Waste Paper in the Manufacture of Natural Rubber Composite for Radiation Shielding
Authors: Madani M. , Basta Altaf H. , Abdo A. El-Sayed , El-Saied Houssni 
Published: September 2018

Investigations have continued for economic utilization of lignocellulosic waste, which represents one of the environmental problems facing third world countries. In this work, we intended to use old newsprint paper (ONP) as a filler in radiation shielding rubber composite. In this respect, the treatment of ONP with magnetite was carried out. The effect of incorporating untreated and treated newsprint in the rubber matrix on the swelling, electrical and mechanical properties, as well as gamma and neutron-shielding power has been studied. The changes in physico-mechanical properties of such composites by γ-irradiation were also investigated. This study led to conclusion that composite samples containing 6% wax and 54% newspaper or 18% wax and 42% modified ONP has the higher behavior to γ-irradiation dose. The incorporation of modified waste paper into the rubber matrix increases the conductivity and enhances the mechanical properties of produced composites. At higher non modified and modified newspaper loadings a serious loss of rubber elasticity were noticed. Composite with good attenuation properties for both gamma rays and thermal neutrons was produced from incorporation of 54% modified newsprint with 6% paraffin wax.
Recyclable PP/Polyamide Composite
Authors: Abraham Thomas N , George K.E. , Peijs Ton. 
Published: September 2018

A commercial grade of polypropylene matrix reinforced with waste polyamide (nylon 6) fibres of two diameters at levels up to 40wt% (100 polypropylene + 40 polyamide) was studied. Smaller diameter fibres showed better mechanical properties than larger diameter ones. Attempts were made to improve the interfacial adhesion between the fibres and the matrix by grafting with maleic anhydride and with also styrene maleic anhydride. The mechanical properties showed significant improvements as a result of these modifications. Thermal stability was also marginally improved. These composites could be easily recycled by processing them above the melting point of the reinforcing fibres.
Analysis of Back Injecting Real Wood Veneers using Engineering Polymers in an Injection Moulding Process
Authors: Makenji K. , Goodship V. , Fanning R. , Buckley S. 
Published: September 2018

The current veneering process for interior trim components in the premium car segment involves the use of aluminium or polymeric substrates with thin wood veneers hot embossed to the surface using thermoset adhesives. The alternative process of back injecting real wood veneers with engineering polymer materials is considered here. The main aim of this work was to trial a number of engineering polymeric materials in a simple geometry component. In addition the basic adhesion and dimensional performance was also assessed. Five engineering polymers were selected and trialled for this process. A cross-section of the parts made were tested to an adhesion delamination test (DIN 53255), all of which passed the test successfully. Dimensional analysis of the mouldings show there is a distinct relationship between component distortion and the shrinkage value for that material, at both post injection moulding and post cooling. A relationship between the veneer and low polymer shrinkage was shown. The blend polymer, PA + ABS with 15% glass filler performed ideally with dimensional data. This material had the lowest measured shrinkage value of 0.15% and produced the flattest test samples. The worst dimensionally performing material with veneer was PA 66; which produced dimensional readings approximately three times worse than the PA + ABS 15% GF. This correlated with the polymer shrinkage values for this polymer being the highest recorded from this series of experiments.
Injection Moulding and Metal Forming in One Process Step
Authors: Michaeli Walter , Maesing Roland 
Published: September 2018

For high-class applications (e.g. automotive interior) metal decorated plastic parts impress the customers with a metallic look and cool-touch haptics. Producing these parts has been a highly complex process. The in-mould lamination process of metal sheets allows a shortened process chain. In the process the injected melt adheres to a primer system on the metal surface. Furthermore the pressurized melt causes a forming of the metal sheet. This new technology enables a one-step production of metal decorated plastic parts. This paper describes design principles for metal (stainless steel and aluminum) decorated parts first. Then the effects of the injection molding process parameters on the forming quality are shown. An approach to simulate the forming process is presented and evaluated by test results.
Spine Fractures in Ankylosing Diseases: Recommendations of the Spine Section of the German Society for Orthopaedics and Trauma (DGOU)
Authors: Reinhold Maximilian , Knop Christian , Kneitz Christian , Disch Alexander 
Published: September 2018

Study Design: Review of literature and case series. Objectives: Update and review of current treatment concepts for spine fractures in patients with ankylosing spinal disorders. Methods: Case presentation and description of a diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm for unstable spinal injuries with an underlying ankylosing spinal disorder (ASD) of the cervical and thoracolumbar spine. Results: Nondisplaced fractures can be missed easily using conventional X-rays. Thus, computed tomography (CT) scans are recommended for all trauma patients with ASD. In doubt or presence of any neurologic involvement additional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans should be obtained. Spine precautions should be maintained all times and until definitive treatment (<24 h). Nonoperative fracture treatment is not recommended given the mechanical instability of the most commonly seen fracture patterns (AOSpine B- and C-type, M2) in patients with ASD and inherent high risk of secondary neurologic deterioration. For patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) or diffuse idiopathic hyperostosis (DISH) sustaining cervical spine fractures, a combined anterior-posterior instrumentation for fracture fixation is recommended. Closed reduction and patient positioning can be challenging in presence of preexisting kyphotic deformities. In the thoracolumbar (TL) spine, a posterior instrumentation extending 2 to 3 levels above and below the fracture level is recommended to maintain adequate reduction and stability until fracture healing. Minimally invasive percutaneous pedicle screws and cement augmentation can help to minimize the surgical trauma and strengthen the construct stability in patients with diminished minor bone quality (osteopenia, osteoporosis). Conclusions: Current concepts, treatment options, and recommendations of the German Orthopedic Trauma Society–Spine Section for spinal fractures in the ankylosed spine have been outlined.
Nonsurgical and Surgical Management of Osteoporotic Vertebral Body Fractures: Recommendations of the Spine Section of the German Society for Orthopaedics and Trauma (DGOU)
Authors: Blattert Thomas R. , Schnake Klaus J. , Gonschorek Oliver , Gercek Erol , Hartmann Frank , Katscher Sebastian , Mörk Sven , Morrison Robert , Müller Michael , Partenheimer Axel , Piltz Stefan , Scherer Michael A. , Ullrich Bernhard W. , Verheyden Akhil , Zimmermann Volker ,   the Spine Section of the German Society for Orthopaedics and Trauma
Published: September 2018

Study Design: Prospective clinical cohort study (data collection); expert opinion (recommendation development). Objectives: Treatment options for nonsurgical and surgical management of osteoporotic vertebral body fractures are widely differing. Based on current literature, the knowledge of the experts, and their classification for osteoporotic fractures (OF classification) the Spine Section of the German Society for Orthopaedics and Trauma has now introduced general treatment recommendations. Methods: a total of 707 clinical cases from 16 hospitals were evaluated. An OF classification–based score was developed to guide in the option of nonsurgical versus surgical management. For every classification type, differentiated treatment recommendations were deduced. Diagnostic prerequisites for reproducible treatment recommendations were defined: conventional X-rays with consecutive follow-up images (standing position whenever possible), magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography scan. OF classification allows for upgrading of fracture severity during the course of radiographic follow-up. The actual classification type is decisive for the score. Results: A score of less than 6 points advocates nonsurgical management; more than 6 points recommend surgical management. The primary goal of treatment is fast and painless mobilization. Because of expected comorbidities in this age group, minimally invasive procedures are being preferred. As a general rule, stability is more important than motion preservation. It is mandatory to restore the physiological loading capacity of the spine. If the patient was in a compensated unbalanced state at the time of fracture, reconstruction of the individual prefracture sagittal profile is sufficient. Instrumentation technique has to account for compromised bone quality. We recommend the use of cement augmentation or high purchase screws. The particular situations of injuries with neurological impairment; necessity to fuse; multiple level fractures; consecutive and adjacent fractures; fractures in ankylosing spondylitis are being addressed separately. Conclusions: The therapeutic recommendations presented here provide a reliable and reproducible basis to decide for treatment choices available. However, intermediate clinical situations remain with a score of 6 points allowing for both nonsurgical and surgical options. As a result, individualized treatment decisions may still be necessary. In the next step, the recommendations presented will be further evaluated in a multicenter controlled clinical trial.
Treatment of Fractures of the Thoracolumbar Spine: Recommendations of the Spine Section of the German Society for Orthopaedics and Trauma (DGOU)
Authors: Verheyden Akhil P. , Spiegl Ulrich J. , Ekkerlein Helmut , Gercek Erol , Hauck Stefan , Josten Christoph , Kandziora Frank , Katscher Sebastian , Kobbe Philipp , Knop Christian , Lehmann Wolfgang , Meffert Rainer H. , Müller Christian W. , Partenheimer Axel , Schinkel Christian , Schleicher Philipp , Scholz Matti , Ulrich Christoph , Hoelzl Alexander 
Published: September 2018

Study Design: Abstract consensus paper with systematic literature review. Objective: The aim of this study was to establish recommendations for treatment of thoracolumbar spine fractures based on systematic review of current literature and consensus of several spine surgery experts. Methods: The project was initiated in September 2008 and published in Germany in 2011. It was redone in 2017 based on systematic literature review, including new AOSpine classification. Members of the expert group were recruited from all over Germany working in hospitals of all levels of care. In total, the consensus process included 9 meetings and 20 hours of video conferences. Results: As regards existing studies with highest level of evidence, a clear recommendation regarding treatment (operative vs conservative) or regarding type of surgery (posterior vs anterior vs combined anterior-posterior) cannot be given. Treatment has to be indicated individually based on clinical presentation, general condition of the patient, and radiological parameters. The following specific parameters have to be regarded and are proposed as morphological modifiers in addition to AOSpine classification: sagittal and coronal alignment of spine, degree of vertebral body destruction, stenosis of spinal canal, and intervertebral disc lesion. Meanwhile, the recommendations are used as standard algorithm in many German spine clinics and trauma centers. Conclusion: Clinical presentation and general condition of the patient are basic requirements for decision making. Additionally, treatment recommendations offer the physician a standardized, reproducible, and in Germany commonly accepted algorithm based on AOSpine classification and 4 morphological modifiers.
The incidence and distribution of primary fibula tumors and tumor-like lesions: A 35-year experience
Authors: Arikan Yavuz , Misir Abdulhamit , Ozer Devrim , Kizkapan Turan Bilge , Yildiz Kadir Ilker , Saygili Mehmet Selcuk , Incesoy Mustafa Alper , Dincel Yasar Mahsut , Gursu Sukru Sarper , Sahin Vedat 
Published: September 2018

Purpose: Primary bone tumors of the fibula are rare. There are only a few studies reporting the incidence, histologic, and anatomic distribution of primary fibula tumors. This study aimed to comprehensively report the incidence, presenting symptoms, and histologic tumor types with the anatomic and histologic distribution of primary bone tumors of the fibula. Methods: Between January 1983 and December 2017, 6457 primary bone tumors and tumor-like lesions were diagnosed and treated in our musculoskeletal oncology surgery clinic. Of these, 264 (4.08%) were primary bone tumors and tumor-like lesions of the fibula. We retrospectively reviewed patients’ records, histopathology records, and radiologic images regarding age, gender, anatomic localization, histopathologic diagnosis, and treatment methods. Results: There were 209 (79.2%) benign and 55 (20.8%) malignant lesions. The most common benign and malignant tumors were osteochondroma (51 of 209; 24.4%) and chondrosarcoma (16 of 55; 29.1%). The proximal fibula was the most common location for both benign and malignant tumors (141 of 209; 67.5% and 45 of 55; 81.8%, respectively), followed by the distal fibula (52 of 209; 24.9% and 8 of 55; 14.5%, respectively) and the diaphysis (17 of 209; 8.14% and 2 of 55; 3.64%, respectively). Conclusion: The incidence of primary bone tumors is higher than that reported in previous studies. Benign lesions constitute the majority of cases. One-fifth of all cases are malignant. The most common anatomic site involving the primary fibula tumors is the proximal fibula. Level of evidence: III.
Tax Evasion and Provision of Public Goods: Implications for Wage and Employment
Authors: Kar Saibal , Banerjee Srijan 
Published: September 2018

This exploratory paper analyses, theoretically with some numerical examples, the relationship between tax evasion and provision of public goods. In this model, we incorporate tax evasion leading to a fall in the supply of public goods. We investigate the relation between provision of public goods and wages of workers engaged in the production of public goods and an intermediate private goods. We show that under plausible conditions, and parameter values, fall in the number of taxpayers leads not only to fall in the provision of public goods, but also lowers wages. We find a threshold level of marginal cost associated with supply of public goods, above which the rise in the number of taxpayers may still lower provision of public goods and worker’s wages. JEL Classifications: H26, H41, E24