bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The nation‐family: Intimate encounters and genealogical perversion in Armenia
Authors: SHIRINIAN TAMAR 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTAnthropological theorists have often dismissed the notion of nation‐as‐family as an abstraction or as evidence of nationalist sentiment. But in postsocialist Armenia, nation is practiced as family. Everyday intimate encounters in public carry narratives of genealogical belonging and expectations based on forms of kin relation. This is particularly notable in the experiences of queer subjects—those who fail to meet the demands and expectations to belong to the nation‐family and who thus disrupt national sensibilities of propriety and genealogical continuity. Those who are genealogically perverse experience the nation‐family as unbearably intimate. This intimacy, however, makes possible acts that introduce queer difference into what national propriety means. [queer, intimacy, nation, kinship, perversion, postsocialism, Armenia]
In search of dignified work: Gender and the work ethic in the crucible of fair trade production
Authors: FISHER JOSH 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTAfter building the first worker‐owned free trade zone in the world, the women of the Fair Trade Zone in Ciudad Sandino, Nicaragua, rejected fair trade and elected to go their own way. The small cooperative's decision, as well as their claim to be seeking “dignified work” (trabajo digno), does not express the existing norms and conventions of a local moral economy. Rather, it stems from an alternative work ethic that was formed through their particular experiences of fair trade production—one that rejected the logic of reproducing capital at the expense of social life and sought to preserve their workplace as a forum for dignity. Here, alternative work ethics unleash the inventive play of ethical labor and give rise to unruly subjects. [gender, labor, the work ethic, cooperatives, development, fair trade, Nicaragua]
The front line of free speech: Beyond parrhêsia in Finland's migrant debate
Authors: ENGLUND HARRI 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTAmong Finland's public‐service broadcasters, there is a contrast between professional ethics and the “fearless speech” of parrhêsia. This contrast reveals some of the diverse forms in which free speech is pursued in contemporary liberal polities. In 2015, Kansanradio (The people's radio), a popular Finnish radio show, became a site for fresh controversies over free speech when the so‐called migrant crisis dominated its discussions. Caught between the parrhêsia of public intellectuals and bigoted listeners, Kansanradio’s hosts pursued a dialogical approach to truth telling. Whereas parrhêsia risks the relationship between interlocutors, this dialogical modality rests on a carefully cultivated multivocality of viewpoints. It challenges the assumption—common to both the scholarship on parrhêsia and some (but not all) liberal orientations—that voice is a person's private property. [free speech, parrhêsia, truth telling, migrant crisis, radio, voice, Finland]
Alcohol binge drinking in early pregnancy and the effect on fetal growth: a cohort study
Authors: Slavensky Julie A. , Kesmodel Ulrik S. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIntroductionAlcohol binge drinking is common in early pregnancy and is a well‐established risk factor for subsequent child health. Yet, very few studies have investigated the effect on fetal growth. Furthermore, it has been speculated that the timing of binge drinking may be a determining factor for neonatal growth. The objective of this study was to assess the potential effect of binge drinking and different drinking patterns (timing and number of binge drinking episodes) in early pregnancy on fetal growth estimated by birthweight and birth length.Material and methodsFrom 1 March to 31 August 2000, 1836 pregnant Danish women from Aarhus University Hospital and Fredericia Hospital were included in the study and interviewed around the early second trimester about their drinking habits during their pregnancy. Information on anthropometric measures at birth was obtained from the Danish Medical Birth Registry. The potential effect of binge drinking and different drinking patterns was estimated using a multivariate general linear regression model adjusted for potential confounders that were selected a priori based on the currently available scientific literature.ResultsThe women who reported any binge drinking gave birth to children with a reduction in birth length of −0.02 cm (95% CI −0.23 to 0.18) and an increase in birthweight of 0.2 g (95% CI −42.8 to 43.2). The number of binge episodes and the timing of these episodes were also not associated with fetal growth.ConclusionsThe study suggests that binge drinking and different drinking patterns in early pregnancy do not affect fetal growth.
Recent gestational diabetes was associated with mothers stopping predominant breastfeeding earlier in a multi‐ethnic population
Authors: Bærug Anne , Sletner Line , Laake Petter , Fretheim Atle , Løland Beate Fossum , Waage Christin W. , Birkeland Kåre I. , Jenum Anne Karen 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimIt has previously been shown that breastfeeding may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes in mothers with recent gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This study compared the cessation of predominant breastfeeding in mothers with and without recent GDM in a multi‐ethnic population.MethodsFrom May 2008 to May 2010, healthy pregnant women attending antenatal care provided by community health services in Eastern Oslo, Norway were recruited. We included 616 women–58% non‐Western–and interviewed and examined them at a mean of 15 and 28 weeks of gestation and 14 weeks’ postpartum. Cox regression models examined the association between GDM, as assessed by the 2013 World Health Organization criteria, and breastfeeding cessation.ResultsOverall, 190 of the 616 (31%) mothers had GDM and they ended predominant breastfeeding earlier than mothers without GDM, with an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 1.33 and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of 1.01–1.77. Mothers of South Asian origin ended predominant breastfeeding earlier than Western European mothers in the adjusted analysis (aHR 1.53, 95% CI: 1.04–2.25), but Middle Eastern mothers did not.ConclusionRecent gestational diabetes was associated with earlier cessation of predominant breastfeeding in Western European and non‐Western women.
Iron in Food and Its Availability
Authors: FAIRWEATHER-TAIT SUSAN J. 
Published: February 2018

Fairweather‐Tait, S. J. (AFRC Institute of Food Research, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UA, Norfolk, UK) Iron and its availability.The iron stores of full‐term, breast‐fed infants become depleted by the age of 6 months, but this may occur earlier when they are fed formula that is not fortified with iron. There is a high requirement for iron, and therefore the selection of appropriate weaning foods is critical at this time. Continued consumption of breast milk or iron‐fortified formulas until the age of one year will help maintain an adequate iron status, particularly in infants given diets of low iron availability. Many dietary constituents affect the availability of inorganic iron from foods, the most important ones in the case of the infant are ascorbic acid and haem iron, both of which enhance the absorption of inorganic iron. The majority of commercially‐prepared infant foods contain added iron and ascorbic acid, thereby providing sufficent absorbable iron for the growing infant. On the other hand, the results of the few studies that have been carried out on infants suggest that many unfortified vegetable and cereal meals contain iron of low availability. This can, however, be increased by the simultaneous intake of fruit juices high in ascorbic acid. The recent advances made in stable isotope methodology should facilitate studies on iron absorption in infants, thereby leading to a better understanding of iron availability from foods.
Iron Deficiency and the Brain
Authors: PARKS Y. A. , WHARTON B. A. 
Published: February 2018

Parks, Y. A. and Wharton, B. A. (Community Health and Mental Handicap Services, Canterbury; University of Glasgow, Department of Human Nutrition, Glasgow, UK). Iron deficiency and the brain.There is increasing evidence both from ‘association’ and ‘intervention’ studies that iron deficiency has an adverse effect on brain function In animals and children. The severity and duration of iron deficiency are important in determining the effect on development. Iron replacement therapy has immediate (within 14 days) and long‐term (over 3 months) beneficial effects on behaviour and psychomotor development. The mechanisms for this probably involve a number of biochemical pathways in which iron is essential. These include mitochondrial enzymes and various neurotransmitters. Cytochrome C is reduced by iron deficiency but brain tissue is relatively spared until the deficiency is severe. Levels of neurotransmitters such as noradrenaline, serotonin and dopamine are all altered during iron deficiency and this may explain some of the behavioural and developmental changes that occur.
Altered frontal‐amygdala effective connectivity during effortful emotion regulation in bipolar disorder
Authors: Zhang Liwen , Opmeer Esther M , van der Meer Lisette , Aleman André , Ćurčić‐Blake Branislava , Ruhé Henricus G 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivesSufficient prefrontal top‐down control of limbic affective areas, especially the amygdala, is essential for successful effortful emotion regulation (ER). Difficulties in effortful ER have been seen in patients with bipolar disorder (BD), which could be suggestive of a disturbed prefrontal‐amygdala regulation circuit. The aim of this study was to investigate whether BD patients show abnormal effective connectivity from the prefrontal areas to the amygdala during effortful ER (reappraisal).MethodsForty participants (23 BD patients and 17 healthy controls [HC]) performed an ER task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Using dynamic causal modeling, we investigated effective connectivity from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) to the amygdala, as well as connectivity between the DLPFC and VLPFC during reappraisal.ResultsBoth BD patients and HC showed decreased negative affect ratings following reappraisal compared to attending negative pictures (P < .001). There were no group differences (P = .10). There was a differential modulatory effect of reappraisal on the connectivity from the DLPFC to amygdala between BD patients and HC (P = .04), with BD patients showing a weaker modulatory effect on this connectivity compared to HC. There were no other group differences.ConclusionThe disturbance in BD patients in effective connectivity from the DLPFC to the amygdala while reappraising is indicative of insufficient prefrontal control. This impairment should be studied further in relation to cycling frequency and polarity of switches in BD patients.
Trogocytosis of ligand–receptor complex and its intracellular transport in CD30 signalling
Authors: Nakashima Makoto , Watanabe Mariko , Uchimaru Kaoru , Horie Ryouichi 
Published: February 2018

Background InformationCD30, which is characteristically expressed in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), is thought to transduce signals by ligation of trimerised CD30 ligand (CD30L) on the surface of surrounding cells and recruitment of downstream molecules. In this report, we propose a new mechanism for CD30 signalling by its ligand. We prepared two stable transformants, CHO cells expressing CD30L fused to mCherry and HeLa cells expressing CD30 fused to GFP.ResultsCo‐culture of these cells triggered clustering of CD30 and CD30L at the cellular interface, formation of multiple CD30L–CD30 complexes, internalisation of these complexes with a portion of the plasma membrane into the HeLa cells, and intracellular transport to the lysosomal compartment. The internalisation process was significantly inhibited by actin polymerisation inhibitors. The CD30L–CD30 interaction was found to trigger active signalling processes, as measured by Ca2+ influx, and similar mechanisms were observed using cHL cell lines.ConclusionsThese results suggest that CD30 extracts CD30L from CD30L‐expressing cells by actin‐mediated trogocytosis, resulting in the generation of signalosomes, intracellular signalling, lysosomal degradation and a subsequent refractory phase. We postulate that similar processes may operate in tumours endogenously expressing CD30. These observations thus provide new insights into our understanding of the biological roles of CD30 in normal and malignant cells and, in particular, in cHL.SignificanceThis study suggests a novel model of CD30 signalling that provides new insights into the biological roles of CD30 and other members of this family in normal and malignant cells.
The Hilina Pali palaeomagnetic excursion and possible self‐reversal in the loess from western Ukraine
Authors: Nawrocki Jerzy , Bogucki Andriy , Łanczont Maria , Werner Tomasz , Standzikowski Karol , Pańczyk Magdalena 
Published: February 2018

A loess‐palaeosol succession from the last glacial cycle was palaeomagnetically studied in the Rivne abandoned brickyard (western Ukraine). Two samples of undisturbed loess from the same depth of parallel sections display steep negative inclinations. These reversed directions in the loess dated at c. 18 ka may possibly be correlated with the Hilina Pali palaeomagnetic excursion. This is the first occurrence of the Hilina Pali in a loess sediment. Unfortunately, the loess with negative inclination does not form any continuous layer that could be suitable for studies of detailed features of geomagnetic field inversion. Another six samples from an illuvial horizon of the Holocene soil also showed negative inclinations and strongly deviated declinations. This part of the section does not represent, however, any palaeomagnetic excursion. The anomalous magnetization in maghemite‐ and titanomagnetite‐rich sediment results most probably from self‐reversal remagnetization. A new insight into palaeomagnetic excursions noted in loess, especially in its parts affected by pedogenic processes, is recommended.
A quarter of patients with type 1 diabetes have co-existing non-islet autoimmunity: the findings of a UK population-based family study
Authors: Kozhakhmetova A , Wyatt R C , Caygill C , Williams C , Long A E , Chandler K , Aitken R J , Wenzlau J M , Davidson H W , Gillespie K M , Williams A J K 
Published: February 2018

Summary
Individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are at increased risk of coeliac disease (CD), autoimmune thyroiditis and autoimmune gastritis, but the absolute risks are unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of autoantibodies to tissue transglutaminase (TGA), thyroid peroxidase (TPOA) and gastric H+/K+-ATPase (ATPA) and their genetic associations in a well-characterized population-based cohort of individuals with T1D from the Bart's–Oxford family study for whom islet autoantibody prevalence data were already available. Autoantibodies in sera from 1072 patients (males/females 604/468; median age 11·8 years, median T1D duration 2·7 months) were measured by radioimmunoassays; HLA class II risk genotype was analysed in 973 (91%) using polymerase chain reaction with sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP). The prevalence of TGA (and/or history of CD), TPOA and ATPA in patients was 9·0, 9·6 and 8·2%, respectively; 3·1% had two or more autoantibodies. Females were at higher risk of multiple autoimmunity; TGA/CD were associated with younger age and TPOA with older age. ATPA were uncommon in patients under 5 years, and more common in older patients. Anti-glutamate decarboxylase autoantibodies were predictive of co-existing TPOA/ATPA. TGA/CD were associated with human leucocyte antigen (HLA) DR3-DQ2, with the DR3-DQ2/DR3-DQ2 genotype conferring the highest risk, followed by DR4-DQ8/DR4-DQ8. ATPA were associated with DR3-DQ2, DRB1*0404 (in males) and the DR3-DQ2/DR4-DQ8 genotype. TPOA were associated with the DR3-DQ2/DR3-DQ2 genotype. Almost one-quarter of patients diagnosed with T1D aged under 21 years have at least one other organ-specific autoantibody. HLA class II genetic profiling may be useful in identifying those at risk of multiple autoimmunity.
Racial disparities in kidney transplant waitlist appearance in Chicago: Is it race or place?
Authors: Peng Robert B. , Lee Haena , Ke Zheng T. , Saunders Milda R. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundPrior work has demonstrated how neighborhood poverty and racial composition impact racial disparities in access to the deceased donor kidney transplant waitlist, both nationally and regionally. We examined the association between neighborhood characteristics and racial disparities in time to transplant waitlist in Chicago, a diverse city with continued neighborhood segregation.MethodsUsing data from the United States Renal Data System (USRDS) and the US Census, we investigated time from dialysis initiation to kidney transplant waitlisting for African American and white patients in Chicago using cause‐specific proportional hazards analyses, adjusting for individual sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, as well as neighborhood poverty and racial composition.ResultsIn Chicago, African Americans are significantly less likely than whites to appear on the renal transplant waitlist (HR 0.73, P < .05). Compared to whites in nonpoor neighborhoods, African Americans in poor neighborhoods are significantly less likely to appear on the transplant waitlist (HR 0.61, P < .05). Over 69% of African Americans with ESRD live in these neighborhoods.ConclusionsConsistent with national data, African Americans in Chicago have a lower likelihood of waitlisting than whites. This disparity is explained in part by neighborhood poverty, which impacts the majority of African American ESRD patients in Chicago.
Researching the decline in adolescent drinking: The need for a global and generational approach
Authors: Pennay Amy , Holmes John , Törrönen Jukka , Livingston Michael , Kraus Ludwig , Room Robin 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAdolescent alcohol consumption has been in decline across many high‐income countries since the early to mid‐2000s. This is a significant public health trend, with few documented examples from history where such a global downward shift in alcohol consumption has occurred primarily among the adolescent segment of the population. In this commentary we describe the nature and breadth of the trend; reflect on the environmental, social and policy factors that have been proffered; and argue that to adequately understand and support the maintenance of these trends, three important methodological considerations are needed for future research. Firstly, longitudinal panel and qualitative studies are needed to complement and inform continuing cross‐sectional research. Secondly, a collaborative cross‐cultural approach is needed to contextualise the international scale of the trend and thirdly, future research must be situated within a historical and generational perspective to understand declines in adolescent drinking in the context of a broader shift in adolescent behaviours.
The effect on emergency department visits of raised alcohol minimum prices in Saskatchewan, Canada
Authors: Sherk Adam , Stockwell Tim , Callaghan Russell C. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIntroduction and AimsThe province of Saskatchewan, Canada introduced minimum prices graded by alcohol strength in April 2010. As previous research found this intervention significantly decreased alcohol consumption and alcohol‐attributable morbidity, we aim to test the association between the intervention and the rate of emergency department (ED) visits in four alcohol‐related injury categories [motor vehicle collisions (MVC), assaults, falls and total alcohol‐related injuries].Design and MethodsData on ED visits in the city of Regina were obtained from the Saskatchewan Ministry of Health. Auto‐regressive integrated moving average time series models were used to test the immediate and lagged effects of the pricing intervention on rates of alcohol‐related nighttime. ED visits and controlled for daytime rates of ED visits, economic variables, linear and seasonal trends, and auto‐regressive and moving average effects.ResultsThe implementation of an alcohol minimum pricing strategy in Saskatchewan was associated with decreased MVC‐related ED visits for women aged 26 and over after a 6 month lag period (−39.4%, P < 0.001). There was no significant abrupt effect of this intervention on ED visits of four injury types in any of four gender‐age categories; however, rates of ED visits among young males for MVCs and assaults decreased substantially during this study.Discussion and ConclusionsThe minimum pricing policy change led to a lagged decrease in motor vehicle‐collision‐related ED visits for women older than 25. Of note, there did not appear to be an instantaneous effect on the rate of alcohol‐related injury ED visits immediately after the policy implementation nor lagged effects for other gender‐age groups.
Public Authority and Conservation in Areas of Armed Conflict: Virunga National Park as a ‘State within a State’ in Eastern Congo
Authors: Marijnen Esther 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTMuch research on nature conservation in war‐torn regions focuses on the destructive impact of violent conflict on protected areas, and argues that transnational actors should step up their support for those areas to mitigate the risks that conflict poses to conservation efforts there. Overlooked are the effects transnational efforts have on wider conflict dynamics and structures of public authority in these regions. This article describes how transnational actors increasingly gained influence over the management of Virunga National Park in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and how these actors contributed to the militarization of conservation in Virunga. Most scholarly literature suggests that ‘green militarization’ contributes to the extension of state authority over territory and population, yet this is not the case in Virunga. Instead, the militarization of Virunga translates into practices of extra‐state territorialization, with the result that many in the local population perceive the park's management as a project of personalized governance and/or a ‘state within a state’. This article thus argues that it is important to depart from an a priori notion of the ‘state’ when considering the nexus of conservation practices and territorialization, and to analyse this intersection through the lens of public authority instead.