bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life histories of an invasive and native ladybird under field experimental conditions in a temperate climate
Authors: Raak‐van den Berg C. Lidwien , de Jong Peter W. , Gort Gerrit , Manly Bryan F.J. , van Lenteren Joop C. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAmong characteristics that are thought to determine the success of invasive species, life‐history traits feature prominently. However, in most cases, these have been determined under laboratory conditions. Here, we use a field set‐up to determine immature development time and survival of invasive Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) and native Adalia bipunctata L. (both Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). On caged Tilia × europaea L. cv. Pallida trees (Malvaceae) with ample amounts of aphid food, we introduced freshly hatched larvae of a single or of both ladybird species and followed their development until emergence of adults. Under the condition of ample prey availability, both ladybird species apparently hardly interacted and intraguild predation did not cause significant mortality. Development time of both species is in line with data from laboratory tests under controlled conditions. Immature survival can reach high levels, but is considerably higher for H. axyridis (44–100%) than for A. bipunctata (11–77%), resulting in faster increase of H. axyridis populations, which is one of the factors that may explain its invasion success.
Current use of antihypertensive drugs in Japanese patients with hypertension: Analysis by age group
Authors: Ishida Takayuki , Oh Akinori , Hiroi Shinzo , Shimasaki Yukio , Tsuchihashi Takuya 
Published: March 2018

AimTo analyze the current use of antihypertensive drug classes in Japanese hypertensive patients stratified by age, highlighting differences between older and younger patients.MethodsA nationwide medical database was used to evaluate antihypertensive use in patients (aged ≥20 years) who had received a prescription for one or more antihypertensive drug as an outpatient from April 2014 to March 2015. Patients (n = 59 867) were age‐stratified into three groups: <65 years (28.7%), 65–74 years (33.1%) and ≥75 years (38.2%).ResultsThe mean number of antihypertensive drugs prescribed for patients in the overall population was 1.9 ± 1.0, with no appreciable differences between age groups. The most commonly prescribed drug classes for all ages were calcium channel blockers (CCB) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB). CCB were prescribed more often than ARB in the 65–74 years (66.9% vs 60.5%) and ≥75 years (70.4% vs 56.8%) years age groups, and ARB were prescribed more often than CCB in patients aged <65 years (63.1% vs 61.9%). There were minimal differences by age in prescription rates for β‐blockers, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and thiazide diuretics. ARB prescription rates were lower in patients aged ≥75 years with diabetes mellitus or renal disease than in younger age groups. Prescription rates for loop diuretics were higher in patients aged ≥75 years than in younger age groups, especially among those with renal disease.ConclusionsAntihypertensive drugs selected for patients aged ≥75 years differed from those selected for younger patients, in particular CCB and loop diuretics (prescribed more often), and ARB (prescribed less often). Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 899–906.
On Using Lumped Parameter Models and Temperature Cycles in Heterogeneous Aquifers
Authors: Farlin Julien , Małoszewski Piotr 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe use of the annual cycles of stable isotopes to estimate the parameters of transit time distribution (TTD) functions has been recently criticized by Kirchner who showed that if the catchment is heterogeneous the mean residence time calculated from the damping of the amplitude of the input signal is often underestimated by large factors. We modify Kirchner's initial analysis and show that the estimation bias is a function of the degree of heterogeneity. In low heterogeneity cases corresponding to permeable aquifers, the TTD of a simple exponential model developed assuming a homogeneous medium deviates only slightly from the true TTD, and thus estimated and true mean transit times are close. We also develop and test for a sandstone aquifer a model predicting the temperature amplitude of water at the outlet of a groundwater system from the annual air temperature cycle, and show that even though temperature is not a conservative tracer, it can be used to calibrate a lumped parameter model describing the TTD of the aquifer.
Electron microscopy examination of platelet whole mount preparations to quantitate platelet dense granule numbers: Implications for diagnosing suspected platelet function disorders due to dense granule deficiency
Authors: Brunet J. G. , Iyer J. K. , Badin M. S. , Graf L. , Moffat K. A. , Timleck M. , Spitzer E. , Hayward C. P. M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIntroductionDense granule (DG) deficiency (DGD) is a feature of some platelet function disorders (PFD) with a prevalence similar to von Willebrand disease. Most laboratories assess for DGD using whole mount platelet preparations and electron microscopy (EM). We evaluated our experiences with this test and associations between DGD and bleeding.MethodsDense granule EM records for 2006‐2017 were examined for patients and simultaneously tested controls, and for an overlapping PFD study cohort to evaluate findings and their relationship to bleeding.ResultsMore patient than control samples had reduced DG counts (6.5% vs 0.3%, P < .01). DG counts showed no relationship to age or mean platelet volume and had acceptable within‐subject variability that was higher for DGD than control participants (28% vs 12%). Repeat tests confirmed DGD in all persons with initial DG counts <4.0/platelet, but not in those with less severe reductions (4.0‐4.8 DG/platelet) or normal DG counts (≥4.9 DG/platelet). Aggregometry and adenosine triphosphate release tests, respectively, had only ~52% and 70% sensitivity for DGD. Confirmed DGD by EM was associated with higher bleeding scores and a bleeding disorder.ConclusionWhole mount EM is useful for the evaluation of suspected PFD due to DGD and detects abnormalities associated with bleeding.
Bacillus Calmette–Guérin strain differences as the basis for immunotherapies against bladder cancer
Authors: Miyazaki Jun , Onozawa Mizuki , Takaoka Eiichiro , Yano Ikuya 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn the past 40 years, intravesical immunotherapy with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette–Guérin has been carried out as the most effective treatment for preventing local recurrences and tumor progression of non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer. Bacillus Calmette–Guérin is a family of vaccines derived in 1921 by the in vitro attenuation of Mycobacterium bovis. Subsequently, bacillus Calmette–Guérin seed lots were spread around the world, and both phenotypic and genotypic differences among the strains have been compiled. In recent genomic comparisons, the evolution of the different bacillus Calmette–Guérin substrains has begun to emerge. However, some of these genetic alterations in bacillus Calmette–Guérin strains have yet to be shown to affect the therapeutic effects and/or adverse effects. There are thus ongoing research efforts to assess the effects of these genetic alterations on the properties of bacillus Calmette–Guérin strains, with the ultimate goal of identifying an ideal bacillus Calmette–Guérin strain for treatment of non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer and providing clues for the improvement of bacillus Calmette–Guérin strains. The present review provides a history of bacillus Calmette–Guérin immunotherapy, and discusses the genetic differences among bacillus Calmette–Guérin strains, the different clinical outcomes afforded by bacillus Calmette–Guérin strains and possible future developments.
Les modes d'organisation de la protection sociale et du marché du travail peuvent‐ils expliquer les particularités du chômage des jeunes d'un pays à l'autre?
Authors: TAMESBERGER Dennis 
Published: March 2018

RésuméLe chômage des jeunes ne se présente pas partout sous le même jour et dépend de différents facteurs agissant en synergie. Après une synthèse documentaire sur la question, l'auteur procède à une analyse en classification hiérarchique pour repérer les modes d'organisation de la protection sociale et du marché du travail pouvant influer en la matière dans l'UE27. Sur les cinq modèles mis en évidence, celui qui a l'effet le plus favorable sur le ratio de chômage des jeunes et le chômage de long terme dans la tranche d'âge associe prépondérance de l'apprentissage, politique sociale et familiale généreuse et politiques actives du marché du travail.
Medication recommendation by physiotherapists: A survey of Québec physiotherapists' opinions regarding a new interprofessional model of care with pharmacists
Authors: Matifat E. , Perreault K. , Gagné M. , Léveillé M. , Desmeules F. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundTo improve the efficiency of the health care system, new interprofessional models of care are emerging. In 2015, two provincial professional colleges, regulating the practice of physiotherapists and that of pharmacists in the province of Québec, Canada, developed a new interprofessional model of care. This model is designed to guide non‐prescription medication recommendations by physiotherapists treating patients in primary care with neuromusculoskeletal disorders (NMSKD) with the collaboration of pharmacists.PurposeTo assess Québec physiotherapists' interests to use this model and explore their opinions concerning their ability to recommend non‐prescription medications to patients in primary care with NMSKD.MethodsAn email invitation to complete an electronic survey was sent in February 2016 to all the Ordre professionnel de la physiothérapie du Québec's registered physiotherapists. The survey included a questionnaire with 31 questions divided into 5 sections. Descriptive analyses and Chi‐square tests (χ2) were performed to compare proportions (%) across demographic and clinical characteristics.ResultsTwo hundred twenty‐five physiotherapists completed the full survey. Of these, 70% of respondents knew of the model of care, but only 15% had previously used it. Perceived workload increase was one major reason reported for this lack of use (51%). Most of the respondents had a positive perception of this model and interactions with pharmacists and were confident regarding their ability to safely recommend medication (63%). However, 63% believed that further training was necessary to enable physiotherapists to provide efficient and safe non‐prescription medication recommendations to patients with NMSKD.ConclusionsOverall, physiotherapists have a positive perception of this model, but there remain opportunities for increased integration into practice. Most respondents believe that additional training is required regarding non‐prescription medication recommendations.
Impact of educational outreach intervention on enhancing health care providers' knowledge about statin therapy prescribing in Malaysian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Elnaem Mohamed Hassan , Nik Mohamed Mohamad Haniki , Zaman Huri Hasniza , Azarisman Shah M 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRationalePrevious research reported underutilization of statin therapy among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Improving health care providers' awareness and understanding of the benefits and risks of statin treatment could be of assistance in optimizing the statin prescribing process.Aims and ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess health care providers' knowledge related to statin therapy and the impact of educational outreach intervention based on the perceived knowledge.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study based on educational outreach intervention targeting physicians and pharmacists in 1 major tertiary hospital in the state of Pahang, Malaysia. Participants responded to a 12‐item, validated questionnaire both prior to and after the outreach educational program. Two sessions were conducted separately for 2 cohorts of pharmacists and physicians. The knowledge scores prior to and after the educational intervention were calculated and compared using a paired‐samples t‐test.ResultsThe response rate to both pre‐and post‐educational outreach questionnaires was 91% (40/44). Prior to the intervention, around 84% (n37) of the participants decided to initiate statin therapy for both pre‐assessment clinical case scenarios; however, only 27% (n12) could state the clinical benefits of statin therapy. Forty‐five percent (n20) could state the drug to drug interactions, and 52.3% (n23) could identify the statin therapy that can be given at any time day/evening. The educational outreach program increased participants' knowledge scores of 1.450 (95% CI, 0.918 to 1.982) point, P < .0005, which is statistically significant. Forty respondents (91%) were of the opinion that statin side effects are the most common cause of treatment discontinuation.ConclusionThis work demonstrated the impact of an educational outreach intervention on improving health care providers' knowledge and beliefs about statin therapy. This type of intervention is considered effective for short‐term knowledge enhancement. Further research is needed to test the long‐term efficacy of such intervention.
Cardiovascular self‐management support program for preventing cardiovascular complication behaviors and clinical outcomes in the elderly with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus in Indonesia: A pilot study
Authors: Hisni Dayan , Rukmaini Rukmaini , Saryono Saryono , Chinnawong Tippamas , Thaniwattananon Ploenpit 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to determine the feasibility, and to evaluate the effect of, a cardiovascular self‐management support program by applying the 5A's self‐management support program on preventing cardiovascular complication behaviors and to assess the clinical outcomes in the elderly with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).MethodsThis pilot study used a quasi‐experimental study design. Twelve elderly persons with poorly controlled type 2 DM were assigned into either a control or experimental group, with six participants in each group. The Preventing Cardiovascular Complication Behaviors (PCCB) was measured by the Preventing Cardiovascular Complication Behaviors Questionnaire, while the clinical outcomes were measured by clinical devices that were provided. These measurements were conducted and compared at baseline and 6 weeks after the completion of the program. The self‐management support program was a 6 week program with several implementation methods, based on the 5A's self‐management support program.ResultsThe participants who received the cardiovascular self‐management support program reported a significant improvement in their PCCB and clinical outcomes, compared to those receiving the usual care.ConclusionThis study revealed that a cardiovascular self‐management support program that applies the 5A's self‐management support program is feasible for implementation.
Three‐Dimensional Digital Evaluation of the Fit of Endocrowns Fabricated from Different CAD/CAM Materials
Authors: Zimmermann Moritz , Valcanaia Andre , Neiva Gisele , Mehl Albert , Fasbinder Dennis 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPurposeA wide variety of CAD/CAM materials are available for single‐tooth restorations. CAD/CAM material characteristics are different and may influence CAM fabrication accuracy. There is no study investigating the influence of different CAD/CAM materials on the final fit of the restoration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fit of endocrowns fabricated from different CAD/CAM materials using a new 3D evaluation method with an intraoral scanning system. The null hypothesis was that there are no significant differences for the fitting accuracy of different CAD/CAM materials.Materials and MethodsPreparation for an endocrown was performed on a maxillary right first molar on a typodont, and restorations were fabricated with a chairside CAD/CAM system (CEREC Omnicam, MCXL). Three groups using three different CAD/CAM materials were established (each n = 10): zirconia‐reinforced lithium silicate ceramic (Celtra Duo; CD), leucite‐reinforced silicate ceramic (Empress CAD; EM), resin nanoceramic (Lava Ultimate; LU). A 3D digital measurement technique (OraCheck, Cyfex AG) using an intraoral scanner (CEREC Omnicam) was used to measure the difference in fit between the three materials for a master endocrown preparation. The preparation scan and the endocrown fit scan were matched with special difference analysis software OraCheck. Three areas were selected for fitting accuracy measurements: margin (MA), axial (AX), occlusal (OC). Statistical analysis was performed using 80% percentile, one‐way ANOVA, and post‐hoc Scheffé test. Significance level was set to p = 0.05.ResultsResults varied from best 88.9 ± 7.7 μm for marginal fit of resin nanoceramic restorations (LU_MA) to worst 182.3 ± 24.0 μm for occlusal fit of zirconia‐reinforced lithium silicate restorations (CD_OC). Statistically significant differences were found both within and among the test groups. Group CD performed statistically significantly different from group LU for marginal fit (MA) and axial fit (AX) (p < 0.05). For occlusal fit (OC), no statistically significant differences were found within all three test groups (p > 0.05). Deviation pattern for differences was visually analyzed with a color‐coded scheme for each restoration.ConclusionsStatistically significant differences were found for different CAD/CAM materials if the CAM procedure was identical. Within the limitations of this study, the choice of CAD/CAM material may influence the fitting accuracy of CAD/CAM‐fabricated restorations.
Risk of Dental Implant Failure Associated With Medication Use
Authors: Carr Alan B. , Revuru Venkata S. , Lohse Christine M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPurposeThe probability of achieving important clinical outcomes is an increasingly important factor for patients considering various treatment options for tooth loss. For oral reconstruction involving dental implants, the patient‐specific risks of implant failure may be influenced by the patient's medication profile. The purpose of this study was to identify associations between dental implant failure and medication use in a consecutive series of patients seen from October 1983 through December 2014 at the Department of Dental Specialties, Mayo Clinic (Rochester, Minnesota).Materials and MethodsIn this patient‐level analysis, demographic, implant‐specific, and medical profile data were abstracted from a prospective clinical database and individual medical records and used to determine the time to first implant failure. Implant failure‐free survival at the patient level was estimated using the Kaplan‐Meier method. Associations of demographic characteristics and medication use with implant failure were evaluated by using Cox proportional hazards regression models and summarized with hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals.ResultsIn the 31‐year study period, 6358 patients received their first dental implant (median age, 53 years). The median follow‐up duration of the 5645 patients whose implants did not fail was 5.8 years, and 713 patients had implant failure (median, 0.6 years). All associations were adjusted for age, sex, and era of implantation because these features strongly influence medication use and implant failure. After adjustment, no medication increased the risk of implant failure in the cohort; specifically, medication use at the time of implant placement or starting a medication after implant placement did not increase the risk of implant failure. Among the medications used at the time of implant placement, corticosteroids were associated with a reduced risk of implant failure (hazard ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.67‐0.99; p = 0.04). This association was not seen when corticosteroids were started after implant placement.ConclusionIn the population studied, medication use was not associated with an increased risk of dental implant failure.
In Vitro Fracture Resistance of Adhesively Restored Molar Teeth with Different MOD Cavity Dimensions
Authors: Forster András , Braunitzer Gábor , Tóth Máté , Szabó Balázs P. , Fráter Márk 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPurposeMolar MOD (mesial‐occlusal‐distal) cavity preparation weakens relative cuspal stiffness by up to 63%, often resulting in cuspal fracture. This investigation inspects fracture resistance of MOD cavities restored using direct composite restoration.Materials and Methods120 extracted, intact mandibular molars were selected. MOD cavities with different depth/wall thickness were prepared in 9 groups (n = 12): A: 3 mm/3.5 mm, B: 3 mm/2.5 mm, C: 3 mm/1.5 mm, D: 5 mm/3.5 mm, E: 5 mm/2.5 mm, F: 5 mm/1.5 mm, G: 7 mm/3.5 mm, H: 7 mm/2.5 mm, I: 7 mm/1.5 mm. Specimens with 7 mm deep cavities received root canal treatment. The teeth were restored with dental composite. Maximal fracture strength test was conducted. Intact natural teeth were used as control. For statistical analysis Kruskal‐Wallis ANOVA with post‐hoc pairwise comparisons was used (α = 0.05).ResultsSignificant difference was indicated between the control and groups D, E, F, G, H, and I. No significant differences were found between the A, B, C groups and the control. Comparing the 5 and 7 mm cavity depth groups, there was no statistical difference between any of them.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this investigation, the following conclusions can be drawn regarding molar teeth with a MOD cavity: 3 mm or shallower cavities can be restored to the physiological fracture strength with direct composite restorations; 5 mm or deeper cavities cannot be restored to the physiological fracture strength with direct composite restorations. Cusp thickness does not significantly influence fracture strength in molar MOD cavities with a direct composite restoration.
Associations between quantitative sleep EEG and subsequent cognitive decline in older women
Authors: Djonlagic Ina , Aeschbach Daniel , Harrison Stephanie Litwack , Dean Dennis , Yaffe Kristine , Ancoli‐Israel Sonia , Stone Katie , Redline Susan 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe pathophysiological processes of Alzheimer's dementia predate its clinical manifestation. Sleep disturbances can accelerate the aging process and are common features of dementia. This study examined whether quantitative sleep electroencephalogram changes predate the clinical development of mild cognitive impairment and/or incident dementia. We collected data from a nested case‐control sample of women (mean age 83 years) from the Sleep and Cognition Study, an ancillary study to the longitudinal Study of Osteoporotic Fractures, who were characterized as cognitively normal at the time of a baseline polysomnography study (Study of Osteoporotic Fractures visit 8) based on a Mini‐Mental Status Exam (MMSE) score >24. Cases (n = 85) were women who developed new mild cognitive impairment or dementia by objective cognitive testing 5 years after polysomnography. Controls were women with no mild cognitive impairment/dementia (n = 85) at baseline or at follow‐up. Differences in electroencephalogram absolute and relative power density were observed between the two groups. Specifically, higher electroencephalogram power values were found in the dementia/mild cognitive impairment group, for the alpha (p = .01) and theta bands (p = .04) in non‐rapid eye movement sleep, as well as alpha (p = .04) and sigma (p = .04) bands in rapid eye movement sleep. In contrast, there were no group differences in traditional polysomnography measures of sleep architecture and sleep stage distribution, as well as sleep apnea and periodic limb movement indices. Our results provide evidence for quantitative electroencephalogram changes, which precede the clinical onset of cognitive decline and the diagnosis of dementia in elderly women, and support the application of quantitative sleep electroencephalogram analysis as a promising biomarker for imminent cognitive decline.