bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2D Metal Oxyhalide‐Derived Catalysts for Efficient CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: García de Arquer F. Pelayo , Bushuyev Oleksandr S. , De Luna Phil , Dinh Cao‐Thang , Seifitokaldani Ali , Saidaminov Makhsud I. , Tan Chih‐Shan , Quan Li Na , Proppe Andrew , Kibria Md. Golam , Kelley Shana O. , Sinton David , Sargent Edward H. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractElectrochemical reduction of CO2 is a compelling route to store renewable electricity in the form of carbon‐based fuels. Efficient electrochemical reduction of CO2 requires catalysts that combine high activity, high selectivity, and low overpotential. Extensive surface reconstruction of metal catalysts under high productivity operating conditions (high current densities, reducing potentials, and variable pH) renders the realization of tailored catalysts that maximize the exposure of the most favorable facets, the number of active sites, and the oxidation state all the more challenging. Earth‐abundant transition metals such as tin, bismuth, and lead have been proven stable and product‐specific, but exhibit limited partial current densities. Here, a strategy that employs bismuth oxyhalides as a template from which 2D bismuth‐based catalysts are derived is reported. The BiOBr‐templated catalyst exhibits a preferential exposure of highly active Bi () facets. Thereby, the CO2 reduction reaction selectivity is increased to over 90% Faradaic efficiency and simultaneously stable current densities of up to 200 mA cm−2 are achieved—more than a twofold increase in the production of the energy‐storage liquid formic acid compared to previous best Bi catalysts.
High Modulation Speed, Depth, and Coloration Efficiency of Carbon Nanotube Thin Film Electrochromic Device Achieved by Counter Electrode Impedance Matching
Authors: Stekovic Dejan , Arkook Bassim , Li Guanghui , Li Wangxiang , Bekyarova Elena , Itkis Mikhail E. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractImproving the modulation depth and switching speed of electrochromic devices is important for expanding the field of electrochromic functional materials applications. The previous study demonstrates that semiconducting (SC‐) single‐wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) thin film based electrochromic cells with ionic liquid as the electrolyte and metallic (MT‐) SWNT counter electrode can operate with fast switching times in the millisecond range. However, achieving a high modulation depth requires an increasing thickness of the electrochromically active SC‐SWNT layer resulting in a slowdown of the switching time by more than order of magnitude. Here it is reported that milliseconds range switching time can be restored by increasing the thickness of MT‐SWNT thin film counter electrode thus matching the electrochemical capacitances of the two sides of the electrochromic cell while reaching a high modulation depth of 20 dB and high coloration efficiency exceeding 1800 cm2 C−1 at an infrared wavelength of 1770 nm. The results are interpreted in terms of considering the SWNT cell as a supercapacitor with two connected in series electric double layer 3D capacitors associated with two opposing SWNT electrodes.
Laser‐Induced Forward Transfer: Fundamentals and Applications
Authors: Serra Pere , Piqué Alberto 
Published: August 2018

AbstractLaser‐induced forward transfer (LIFT) is a digital printing technique that uses a pulsed laser beam as the driving force to project material from a donor thin film toward the receiving substrate whereon that material will be finally deposited as a voxel. This working principle allows LIFT to operate with both solid and liquid donor films, which provides the technique with an unprecedented broad spectrum of printable materials, and thus makes it very competitive over other digital technologies, like inkjet printing. It is not only that LIFT can access a much wider range of ink viscosities and loading particle sizes; the possibility of printing from solid films allows the single‐step printing of multilayers and entire devices, and even makes possible 3D printing. This versatility translates, in turn, into a broad field of applications, from graphics production to printed electronics, from the fabrication of chemical sensors to tissue engineering. This monograph provides an extensive review of the LIFT technique, from its origins to the most recent achievements, focusing on the fundamental aspects of both its working principle and transfer dynamics, as well as on its broad range of applications.
Arbitrary and Independent Polarization Control In Situ via a Single Metasurface
Authors: Yan Libin , Zhu Weiming , Karim Muhammad Faeyz , Cai Hong , Gu Alex Yuandong , Shen Zhongxiang , Chong Peter Han Joo , Tsai Din Ping , Kwong Dim‐Lee , Qiu Cheng‐Wei , Liu Ai Qun 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA single metasurface is demonstrated with powerful manipulating capability to arbitrarily and independently tune the phase profiles of orthogonal polarization states using subwavelength tunable cross‐shaped element (TCE) arrays. Here, the arbitrary control of the phase profiles must be distinguished from the semiarbitrary phase control using multiple predesigned metasurfaces with one‐to‐one functionality. The decoupled tuning of phase profiles for orthogonal polarization states bestows the metasurface with additional degree of freedom to manipulate the electromagnetic wave for multifunctionality. As a proof of concept, a tunable polarization beam splitter, a dynamic beam steering component, and a quarter waveplate are demonstrated using one single metasurface. This metasurface has promising applications on versatile and function‐switchable photonic components, such as polarization optical devices, compact functional devices, communication systems, and wave controlling devices, to name just a few.
Sandwich‐Like Reduced Graphene Oxide/Carbon Black/Amorphous Cobalt Borate Nanocomposites as Bifunctional Cathode Electrocatalyst in Rechargeable Zinc‐Air Batteries
Authors: Sun Jiqing , Yang Dongjiang , Lowe Sean , Zhang Lijuan , Wang Yazhou , Zhao Shenlong , Liu Porun , Wang Yun , Tang Zhiyong , Zhao Huijun , Yao Xiangdong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe inhibitively high cost of the noble‐metal‐containing materials has become a major obstacle for the large‐scale application of rechargeable zinc‐air batteries (ZABs). To solve this problem in a practical way, a green and scalable method to prepare sandwich‐like reduced graphene oxide /carbon black/amorphous cobalt borate nanocomposites (rGO/CB/Co‐Bi) is reported. These composites are shown to be a highly efficient and robust bifunctional electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this system, the spontaneous assembly of the GO sheet and CB nanoparticles is demonstrated by noncovalent interactions to build the sandwich‐like structure with hierarchical pore distribution. The impressive ORR and OER activities of the obtained nanocomposite are attributed to the high conductivity, large surface area, and the hierarchically porous channels. With room‐temperature synthesis and significant activities shown in the demonstrative battery test, the prepared nanocomposite can potentially serve as an alternative for noble‐metal‐based rechargeable ZAB cathode materials.
Trapping and Redistribution of Hydrophobic Sulfur Sols in Graphene–Polyethyleneimine Networks for Stable Li–S Cathodes
Authors: Ghosh Debasis , Gad Mariam , Lau Irene , Pope Michael A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe lithium–sulfur battery is a promising next‐generation rechargeable battery system which promises to be less expensive and potentially fivefold more energy dense than current Li‐ion technologies. This can only be achieved by improving the sulfur utilization in thick, high areal loading cathodes while minimizing capacity fading to realize high practical energy densities and long cycle‐life. This study reports a simple method to fabricate a high capacity, high loading cathode with one of the highest cycle‐stabilities reported. It is demonstrated that sulfur sols formed by crashing dissolved elemental sulfur into water are trapped between graphene oxide sheets when flocculated with polyethyleneimine. Low temperature, hydrothermal treatment produces a conductive, partially covalent composite exhibiting outstanding cycle‐stability. Using this method, sulfur can be uniformly distributed at fractions as high as 75.7 wt%. Electrodes with high areal sulfur loadings (up to ≈5.4 mg cm−2), prepared using these composites, lead to projected high cell level practical energy densities of 400 Wh kg−1. The electrodes demonstrate negligible capacity loss over 250 cycles at 0.15 C and only 0.028% capacity loss per cycle over 810 cycles at 0.75 C. Eventual capacity fading is found to be linked to degradation of lithium‐metal anode suggesting that the cathode material remains stable over even more extended cycling.
Assessing the evolutionary history of the fern family Dipteridaceae (Gleicheniales) by incorporating both extant and extinct members in a combined phylogenetic study
Authors: Choo Thereis Y. S. , Escapa Ignacio H. 
Published: August 2018

Premise of the StudyDipteridaceae is a lineage of ferns that has existed from the early Mesozoic and is known for its extensive fossil record. By integrating information from all described extant and extinct genera into a single phylogenetic study, this paper aims to examine the taxonomy of the group on a whole and explore character evolution within the lineage across time.MethodsA morphological matrix of 51 characters was developed for 72 species (43 extinct and 29 extant) based on published information. Morphological characters were combined with nucleotide sequences for four chloroplast genes (rbcL, atpA, atpB, and rps4) for extant taxa, and combined parsimony analyses were conducted to infer evolutionary trends in the group.Key ResultsDipteridaceae was found to be monophyletic and characterized by highly anastomosing minor veins forming a meshwork of areoles with free‐included veinlets. Based on our analyses, we recognize six previously described genera (i.e., Goeppertella, Thaumatopteris, Clathropteris, Digitopteris, Dipteris, and Cheiropleuria) and one new genus (i.e., Sewardalea). Fossils currently described as Dictyophyllum, Kenderlykia, Hausmannia, and Protorhipis are ambiguously placed on the tree and are recognized as possibly unnatural morphogenera.ConclusionsOverall, the evolutionary trend in Dipteridaceae has been toward increasing complexity in the venation pattern and laminal fusion. Only the Hausmannia‐type frond with dichotomizing primary veins and relatively fused lamina persisted in the later part of the Mesozoic to the present. Within the crown group, we see evidence of re‐radiation of frond forms in Dipteris and Cheiropleuria.
Shedding new light on the origin and spread of the brinjal eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and its wild relatives
Authors: Aubriot Xavier , Knapp Sandra , Syfert Mindy M. , Poczai Péter , Buerki Sven 
Published: August 2018

Premise of the StudyWhile brinjal eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is the second most important solanaceous fruit crop, we lack firm knowledge of its evolutionary relationships. This in turn limits efficient use of crop wild relatives in eggplant improvement. Here, we examine the hypothesis of linear step‐wise expansion of the eggplant group from Africa to Asia.MethodsWe use museum collections to generate nuclear and full‐plastome data for all species of the Eggplant clade. We combine a phylogenomic approach with distribution data to infer a biogeographic scenario for the clade.Key ResultsThe Eggplant clade has Pleistocene origins in northern Africa. Dispersals to tropical Asia gave rise to Solanum insanum, the wild progenitor of the eggplant, and to African distinct lineages of widespread and southern African species. Results suggest that spread of the species to southern Africa has been recent and likely facilitated by large mammalian herbivores, such as the African elephant and impala feeding on Solanum fruit.ConclusionsRather than a linear ‘Out Of Africa’ sequence, our results are more consistent with an initial dispersal event into Asia, and subsequent wide dispersal and differentiation across Africa driven by large mammalian herbivores. Our evolutionary results will affect future work on eggplant domestication and affect the use of wild relatives in breeding of this increasingly important solanaceous crop.
Novel composite sorbents based on carbon fibers decorated with ferric hydroxides—Arsenic removal
Authors: Bilgin Simsek Esra , Novak Ivan , Berek Dusan , Beker Ulker 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCarbon fibers (CF) were prepared by carbonization of cellulose and further deposited with ferric hydroxide (CF–Fe). The synthesized CF and CF–Fe composites were employed to remove arsenate from aqueous solution. CF–Fe samples with different amount of Fe (3, 7, 11, and 20 wt.%) were characterized using SEM‐EDX, XPS, FTIR, BET, pH titration, and zeta potential measurements. Batch isotherm studies were performed to determine the As (V) adsorption performance of both raw CF and CF–Fe. CF–Fe composites exhibited significantly higher As (V) adsorption capacity compared with raw CF, namely, 167.95 versus 412.8 μg/g and for raw CF and CF–Fe (3%), respectively. The presence of Cl− and SO42− only slightly affected the As (V) adsorption, whereas competitive adsorption displayed the highest influence of PO43−, followed by F− and CO32−. The results revealed that both coulombic interactions and surface complexation reactions play important role in the As (V) adsorption process.
Distribution and habitat preferences of Hippocampus species along the Apulian coast
Authors: Lazic Tamara , Pierri Cataldo , Gristina Michele , Carlucci Roberto , Cardone Frine , Colangelo Paolo , Desiderato Andrea , Mercurio Maria , Bertrandino Marta Simona , Longo Caterina , Carbonara Pierluigi , Corriero Giuseppe 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

The aim of this study was to provide further knowledge of the ecological, spatial, and temporal distribution and life‐cycle traits of the sympatric seahorse species Hippocampus hippocampus and Hippocampus guttulatus.
From 2011 to 2014, data were collected from 20 sites along the Apulian coast (Southern Italy) in order to cover a wide range of coastal marine, open water, and lagoon sites, from the surface to a depth of 48 metres.
Seahorses were found at seven of the 20 sites investigated. Both species displayed temporal persistence, patchy distribution, and a high spatial demographic heterogeneity.
This study revealed a smaller maximum size and size at maturity of H. guttulatus than has been reported elsewhere. Although it is possible that environmental factors are influencing the size of these animals, there may be genetic explanations, especially for lagoon populations.
Despite the fragmented distribution and often low abundance found along the Apulian coast, some seahorse populations appear to be locally persistent and stable over time, suggesting that there is a need for appropriate location‐specific conservation strategies.
Not just maintaining but increasing the area of artificial substrates, which enhance habitat complexity and provide holdfasts, could represent a possible approach to help conserve marine littoral biodiversity and to protect endangered species in lagoons.
Third molar in the orbital floor: A precarious presentation of odontogenic keratocyst—A case report and review of literature
Authors: Shetty Premalatha , Shetty Sameep , Agarwal Nancy , Srivastava Pritika 
Published: August 2018

Key Clinical MessageThe case illuminates the likelihood of a dental pathology presenting with discrete signs and symptoms and the importance of the differential diagnosis of some incongruent clinical entities. The purpose of this article was to present a case report of odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) arising in the orbital floor, finding the common thread in rare pathology, and highlighting the aberration in our treatment plan by collating all the wealth of information published in the literature.
De Novo Designed α‐Helical Coiled‐Coil Peptides as Scaffolds for Chemical Reactions
Authors: Rink W. Mathis , Thomas Franziska 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCoiled coils (CCs) are well‐understood protein‐folding motifs. They appear in a variety of oligomer states and as homo‐ and heteromeric assemblies. This versatility and the general accessibility by de novo design makes them ideal building blocks for synthetic biology. This Minireview highlights the efforts being made in designing small peptide catalysts or reaction templates based on the CC scaffold. The first reports described autocatalysis or mediation of peptide ligation based on CC recognition. Over the years, the designs became more advanced, catalyzing ester hydrolysis, acyl transfer and redox reactions with partial enzyme‐like reactivity. Due to the ability to control CC assembly, and, in heterodimeric systems, the association and dissociation, the CC motif has become a common peptide tag in chemical biology.
Synthesis of Surface‐Modification‐Oriented Nanosized Molybdenum Disulfide with High Peroxidase‐Like Catalytic Activity for H2O2 and Cholesterol Detection
Authors: Ma Dongqing , Yu Jie , Yin Wenyan , Zhang Xiao , Mei Linqiang , Zu Yan , An Lijuan , Gu Zhanjun 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAbnormal H2O2 and cholesterol levels are closely related to many diseases. This work reports a facile process for the synthesis of oxidized glutathione (GSSG)‐modified MoS2 nanosheets (MoS2‐GSSG NSs). The biocompatible MoS2‐GSSG NSs have good dispersibility and high affinity to the substrate 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), which is beneficial for improving peroxidase‐like catalytic activity of MoS2. The high peroxidase‐like activity of MoS2‐GSSG NSs was applied as a robust nanoplatform for low‐cost, rapid, and highly effective colorimetric detection of H2O2 and total/free cholesterol. Moreover, the peroxidase‐like catalytic mechanism was studied by the steady‐state kinetics method. The catalytic activity was remarkably high at a wide range of pH (2.4–7.0) and temperature values (25–70 °C). The cholesterol was catalyzed by cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) in the presence of O2 to generate H2O2, which oxidized TMB to generate a blue‐colored product (oxTMB) under the catalysis of MoS2‐GSSG NSs. The detection limit (DL) of total cholesterol and H2O2 was as low as 5.36 and 0.51 μm, respectively. The linear ranges for detecting cholesterol and H2O2 were from 5.36 to 800 μm and from 0.51 to 50 μm, respectively. This method was also successfully applied to the detection of cholesterol in serum. The detection concentration of total cholesterol was consistent with that of the value detected by the blood biochemical method used in the clinic.
Query grouping–based multi‐query optimization framework for interactive SQL query engines on Hadoop
Authors: Chen Ling , Lin Yan , Wang Jingchang , Huang Heqing , Chen Donghui , Wu Yong 
Published: August 2018

SummaryIn the past few years, executing high‐concurrency queries with interactive SQL query engines on Hadoop has become an important activity for many organizations. However, these systems do not adopt Multi‐Query Optimization (MQO) to accelerate the process. There are two major concerns. Firstly, traditional MQO researches assume that multiple queries have high similarity. However, these systems usually serve a variety of applications. Although queries from the same application have high similarity, queries from different applications may have low similarity, so using traditional MQO will be inefficient and time consuming. Secondly, integrating MQO may lead to lots of system modifications. To integrate MQO into interactive SQL query engines on Hadoop efficiently, a query grouping–based MQO framework is proposed. A lightweight mechanism is used to represent SQL queries, on which a grouping method is exploited to speed up the optimization process. A cost model is integrated to estimate the execution cost of interactive SQL query engines on Hadoop. By using the proposed framework, we modify Impala system to support MQO, and the experimental results on TPC‐DS show significant performance improvements.
Ferrihydrite‐Modified Ti–Fe2O3 as an Effective Photoanode: The Role of Interface Interactions in Enhancing the Photocatalytic Activity of Water Oxidation
Authors: Bu Qijing , Li Shuo , Wu Qiannan , Bi Lingling , Lin Yanhong , Wang Dejun , Zou Xiaoxin , Xie Tengfeng 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSemiconductor electrodes integrated with cocatalysts are key components of photoelectrochemistry (PEC)‐based solar‐energy conversion. However, efforts to optimize the PEC device have been limited by an inadequate understanding of the interface interactions between the semiconductor–cocatalyst (sem|cat) and cocatalyst–electrolyte (cat|ele) interface. In our work, we used ferrihydrite (Fh)‐modified Ti–Fe2O3 as a model to explore the transfer process of photogenerated charge carriers between the Ti–Fe2O3–Fh (Ti–Fe2O3|Fh) interface and Fh‐electrolyte (Fh|ele) interface. The results demonstrate that the biphasic structure (Fh/Ti–Fe2O3) possesses the advantage that the minority hole transfer from Ti–Fe2O3 to Fh is driven by the interfacial electric field at the Ti–Fe2O3|Fh interface; meanwhile, the holes reached at the surface of Fh can rapidly inject into the electrolyte across the Fh|ele interface. As a benefit from the improved charge transfer at the Ti–Fe2O3|Fh and Fh|ele interface, the photocurrent density obtained by Fh/Ti–Fe2O3 can reach 2.32 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V versus RHE, which is three times higher than that of Ti–Fe2O3.
Energy‐Efficient Nitrogen Reduction to Ammonia at Low Overpotential in Aqueous Electrolyte under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Wang Dabin , Azofra Luis Miguel , Harb Moussab , Cavallo Luigi , Zhang Xinyi , Suryanto Bryan H. R. , MacFarlane Douglas R. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) under ambient conditions is a promising alternative to the traditional energy‐intensive Haber–Bosch process to produce NH3. The challenge is to achieve a sufficient energy efficiency, yield rate, and selectivity to make the process practical. Here, we demonstrate that Ru nanoparticles (NPs) enable NRR in 0.01 m HCl aqueous solution at very high energy efficiency, that is, very low overpotentials. Remarkably, the NRR occurs at a potential close to or even above the H+/H2 reversible potential, significantly enhancing the NRR selectivity versus the production of H2. NH3 yield rates as high as ≈5.5 mg h−1 m−2 at 20 °C and 21.4 mg h−1 m−2 at 60 °C were achieved at a redox potential (E) of −100 mV versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), whereas a highest Faradaic efficiency (FE) of ≈5.4 % is achievable at E=+10 mV vs. RHE. This work demonstrates the potential use of Ru NPs as an efficient catalyst for NRR at ambient conditions. This ability to catalyze NRR at potentials near or above RHE is imperative in improving the NRR selectivity towards a practical process as well as rendering the H2 viable as byproduct. Density functional theory calculations of the mechanism suggest that the efficient NRR process occurring on these predominantly Ru (0 0 1) surfaces is catalyzed by a dissociative mechanism.