bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder involving the Larynx
Authors: Kohli Nikita , Wasserman Jared M 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Aim:
Our goal is to present an unusual case of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) involving the larynx. We aim to expand the literature regarding head and neck manifestations involving PTLD and for otolaryngologists to include PTLD in their differential diagnosis of laryngeal lesions in patients who have a history of solid organ transplantation.

Background
Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder occurs in immunocompromised patients following solid organ transplantation. Head and neck manifestations most commonly involve Waldeyer's ring with the larynx and trachea being relatively uncommon sites of disease. However, lesions of the larynx can cause acute airway obstruction and rare fatalities have been reported in the literature.

Case report
We present the case of a 51-year-old female with a history of renal transplantation, who presented to the office after an incidental supraglottic lesion was discovered during intubation for cochlear implant placement. A mucosalized lesion arising from the right aryepiglottic fold with dynamic obstruction of the airway was noted on office endoscopic examination. Imaging revealed extension of the mass into the right posterolateral hypopharynx. The patient was taken to the operating room for microdirect laryngoscopy and CO2 laser excision of the mass. The lesion was excised with negative gross margins. Final pathology revealed plasmacytoma-like PTLD and the patient was referred back to her transplant team for modulation of her immunosuppressive therapy.

Conclusion
We present the case of an incidental supraglottic lesion in a posttransplant patient. Special emphasis should be given to the tissues of Waldeyer's ring and larynx.

Clinical significance
Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder, while rare, should be kept in the differential diagnosis of pharyngeal and airway lesions in patients with a history of solid organ transplantation. Expansile lesions can cause acute airway obstruction. Urgent evaluation and treatment of theses lesions is necessary in these circumstances.

How to cite this article
Kohli N, Wasserman JM. Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder involving the Larynx. Int J Head Neck Surg 2016;7(1):53-56.
Hoarseness in Children
Authors: Worthen Mary , Chandran Swapna 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Background
The prevalence of pediatric dysphonia ranges from 6-23%. Chronic dysphonia can negatively affect the lives of children physically, socially, and emotionally. The body of literature continues to grow regarding the pathophysiology and management of dysphonic children.

Methods
This article presents a relevant literature review of vocal fold pathology leading to hoarseness and recent advances in diagnosis and management. Articles were retrieved using a selective search in PubMed employing the terms such as “hoarseness in children,” “pediatric dysphonia.”

Results
42 articles from the past decade were reviewed that include information regarding the etiology, assessment, and treatment of children with dysphonia.

Conclusion
The care of a child with a voice disorder can be complex and requires a multi-disciplinary approach. Current technological, pharmaceutical, and therapeutic advances have improved the treatment of children with dysphonia.

How to cite this article
Worthen M, Chandran S. Hoarseness in Children. Int J Head Neck Surg 2016;7(2):130-135.
Computed Tomography Evaluation of Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancers
Authors: Varma Ravi , Tibrewala Sunita , Roplekar Sudeep 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTCross-sectional imaging plays a vital role in the diagnostic evaluation of oral and oropharyngeal cancers. This article discusses important technical issues related to CT scan examination, cross-sectional anatomy, patterns of tumor spread and role of imaging in pretreatment staging and post-treatment surveillance.How to cite this articleTibrewala S, Roplekar S, Varma R. Computed Tomography Evaluation of Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancers. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2013; 5(2):51-62.
Macroglossia Secondary to Primary Amyloidosis of the Tongue
Authors: Nair Arun B , Nayar Ravi C 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionAmyloidosis is a disease entity characterized by the presence of proteinaceous material deposited extracellularly at various locations in the body and in the head and neck region.Materials and methodsWe present a case of macroglossia secondary to amyloidosis of the tongue in a 65-year-old male. He presented with gradually progressive diffuse enlargement of the tongue, difficulty in speech and progressive difficulty in breathing while sleeping. Patient was managed conservatively with steroids and alkylating agents.DiscussionThe most common sites of involvement in systemic amyloidosis are the tongue (63%) and the larynx (19%). Although lingual involvement is common, macroglossia as a presenting symptom, though pathognomonic is rare (5%). Amyloidosis of the tongue typically results in macroglossia, manifested by increased tongue volume, tongue protrusion beyond the alveolar ridge, speech impairment, drooling and dysphagia.ConclusionAmyloidosis of the tongue is almost always secondary to systemic disease. An extensive workup is required to differentiate between systemic and localized amyloidosis. The effect of treatment is difficult to estimate, and further research needs to be focused on this aspect. These obstacles can make the diagnosis and management of these lesions particularly challenging.How to cite this articleVamanshankar H, Nair AB, Correa M, Nayar RC. Macroglossia Secondary to Primary Amyloidosis of the Tongue. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2013;5(2):94-97.
Schwannoma of Tonsillolingual Sulcus: First Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Verma Hitesh , Punia RPS 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTSchwannoma is a benign, encapsulated tumor that is derived from schwann's cells. The most common site is parapharyngeal space of the neck; oropharyngeal occurrence is extremely rare. Fourteen year male boy presented with a history of difficulty in swallowing, more for solids for the last 8 months. The patient also had a change of voice for the last 5 months and was muffled in character. Examination showed single lobulated mass having smooth surface, of the size of approximately 5 × 4 cm and was arising from the tonsillolingual sulcus. The fine needle aspiration cytology from the lesion, reported to be schwannoma. The mass was excised completely under general anesthesia with the help of bipolar cautery. We report first case of schwannoma of tonsillolingual sulcus and also review the literature of the rare entity.How to cite this articleVerma H, Dass A, Punia RPS. Schwannoma of Tonsillolingual Sulcus: First Case Report and Review of Literature. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2013;5(2): 98-99.
Congenital Heminasal Hypoplasia with an Intranasal Cyst and Its Management by Subnasal Rotation Flap
Authors: Devasamudra Chidananda Ramappa , Sagar Niveditha J , Jayaraju Rijo M 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTVarious congenital nasal deformities can occur because of the complexities of the developmental process. These conditions range from partial deformities of the nose (such as isolated absence of the nasal bones, absence of columella, absence of the septal cartilage, and absence of vomeral bone) to complete absence of the nose. Congenital heminasal hypoplasia is an extremely rare defect of embryogenesis. We present a case of 25-year-old lady with congenital heminasal hypoplasia associated with intranasal cyst. Computed tomography (CT) scan revealed gross septal deviation to left, rudiment left lateral wall of the nose, rudiment left external nasal framework, and intranasal cyst. Functional septorhinoplasty was done with subnasal rotation flap technique to gain airway on both sides of the nose.How to cite this articleDevasamudra CR, Sagar NJ, Jayaraju RM. Congenital Heminasal Hypoplasia with an Intranasal Cyst and Its Management by Subnasal Rotation Flap. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(2):56-59.
Lethal Midline Granuloma: A Diagnostc Dilemma
Authors: Singh Ishwar , Mittal Pankhuri 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTLethal midline granuloma (Stewart's syndrome, midline reticulosis) earlier was a name given to all progressive destructive lesions involving the nose, paranasal sinuses, hard palate, face, orbit, and upper airway. With the advent of immunohistochemistry, it is evident that it comprises a heterogenous group of disorders including non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Wegener's granulomatosis, and various granulomatous conditions which can often be encountered with dilemma of diagnosis.How to cite this articleMittal P, Singh I, Gupta D. Lethal Midline Granuloma: A Diagnostc Dilemma. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(2):60-61.
Disseminated Cutaneous Rhinosporidiosis: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Joshi Ankita , Ray Chinmaya S , Khatua Rabindra K 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTRhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous disorder caused byRhinosporidium seeberi. It usually presents as a soft polypoidal pedunculated or sessile mass. Nose and nasopharynx are the commonly affected sites, but other sites, such as conjunctiva, the lips, palate, uvula, maxillary antrum, epiglottis, larynx, trachea, bronchus, ear, scalp, vulva, vagina, penis, and rectum, have been reported. However, cutaneous manifestation is rare. We report such a case of a 50-year-old male patient from rural south Odisha presenting to the ENT Department of SCB Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack, with multiple granulomatous growths of different sizes all over the body, along with a nasal mass, of 2½-year duration. He also gives history of a surgery on his nose 3 year back. Histopathology of the excised cutaneous and nasal lesions confirmed our diagnosis as rhinosporidiosis. On the basis of these clinical and histopathological findings, a diagnosis of nasal rhinosporidiosis with disseminated cutaneous spread was made.How to cite this articleRay CS, Joshi A, Khatua RK. Disseminated Cutaneous Rhinosporidiosis: A Rare Case Report. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(2):72-74.
Ethmoidal Mucocele: Simple Modern Management of Ophthalmic Manifestation
Authors: Minhas Ravindra 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTA mucocele of paranasal sinus is an accumulation of mucoid secretion and desquamated epithelium within the sinus with distention of its walls. It is considered as a cyst-like expansile and destructive lesion. If the cyst invades the adjacent orbit and continues to expand within the orbital cavity, the mass may present the behavior of many benign growths primarily in the orbit.Frontoethmoidal area is more susceptible to mucocele formation due to complexity of its drainage as compared to other sinuses. Frontoethmoidal mucocele usually presents with outward and downward displacement of orbital globe and is associated with palpable mass in the superionasal and medial canthal region.In this case report, a 55-year-old woman presented with complaint of painless swelling, protrusion, and deviation of the right eye since 1 year. High resolution computed tomogram (HRCT) showed a well-defined lesion in the anterior ethmoidal region with marked thinning of lamina papyracea. Endoscopic marsupialization with frontoethmoidectomy was performed.How to cite this articleGupta R, Minhas R. Ethmoidal Mucocele: Simple Modern Management of Ophthalmic Manifestation. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(2):75-77.
Giant Frontal Sinus Osteoma with Orbital Extension: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Singh Hitendra Prakash , Agarwal Satya P , Usmani Shahab A 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTAimThe authors hereby present a case of giant frontal osteoma, i.e., not so rare but in the present case, the size and orbital involvement of this tumor make it a unique case.IntroductionParanasal sinus osteoma most commonly presents in frontal sinuses. Their growth is slow, and patients usually seek physician's advice only for cosmetic reasons.Case descriptionA 20-year-old male presented to us with the complaint of swelling over forehead and medial side of left eye for last 1 year. After investigations, he was diagnosed with frontal osteoma, which was excised en bloc using bicoronal approach. There was a dural tear and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak intraoperatively, which was managed using pericranial flap. He remained free of disease in 2 years of follow-up.ConclusionFrontal sinus osteomas are slow-growing bony tumors, which are amenable to complete cure provided adequate preoperative planning and meticulous surgical technique are used.Clinical significanceThis case highlights the need for outreach of tertiary care to remote areas where medical facilities are scarce. Patients usually visit the apex hospitals only when the disease has grown significantly. The authors also would like to reiterate that computed tomography (CT) scan is the best modality for the diagnosis of paranasal osteoma. Small dural tears, if encountered during removal of large osteomas, can be repaired using pericranial flap.How to cite this articleSingh HP, Kumar S, Usmani SA, Agarwal SP. Giant Frontal Sinus Osteoma with Orbital Extension: Case Report and Review of Literature. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(2):78-81.
Vagal Nerve Schwannoma: Presentation of Two Case Reports
Authors: Gujrathi Atishkumar B , Ambulgekar Vijayalaxmi , Chavan Shrinivas 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTVagal nerve schwannomas are rare neural sheath tumors. Although schwannomas are generally benign lesions, they are known to enlarge at a rate of 2.5 to 3 mm per year according to published reports. Vagal nerve schwannoma usually occurs between the 3rd and 5th decades of life, it does not show sex predilection, with both sexes being equally affected, and it most often presents as a painless, slow-growing, lateral neck mass. The treatment of choice is complete surgical excision with preservation of the neural pathway, when it is possible. These tumors, in fact, are almost always benign, and a conservative surgical approach is emphasized by most of the authors. Here, we are presenting two cases of cervical vagal schwannoma, both were middle aged females and presenting in the ear, nose, and throat (ENT) department as a painless lateral neck swelling and were operated by horizontal skin crease incision. Of the two cases, we succeeded to secure nerve functions in one case. The clinical features, diagnosis, management, and pathological findings of cervical vagal schwannoma are discussed.How to cite this articleGujrathi AB, Ambulgekar V, Chavan S. Vagal Nerve Schwannoma: Presentation of Two Case Reports. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(3):116-118.
Anesthesia for Laser Surgery of the Airway
Authors: Hemantkumar Indrani 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTAnesthesia for laser surgery carries a number of particular challenges and pitfalls. The airway is not only shared with the surgeon but also being operated upon. Personnel working inside the operating room must also be very aware of the benefits and dangers of medical lasers, and safety precautions must be taken to ensure their proper use. The anesthetist must have the knowledge and expertise to anesthetize a patient with a potentially compromised airway. This article deals with the anesthetic management of a patient presenting for laser surgery of the airway.How to cite this articleHemantkumar I. Anesthesia for Laser Surgery of the Airway. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2017;9(1):1-5.
Study of Evaluation of Causes of Male Infertility at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Umashankar KM , Cristy Ramya , Mukherjee Joyeeta , Banerjee SN , Seal BN , Drakshyani CL 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionWorldwide 580 million males experience infertility at some point of time in their life; of these, 372 million reside in low- and middle-income countries. Male subfertility is one of the most rapidly growing fields in medicine, with dramatic advances and treatment. If a male infertility factor is present, it is almost always defined by the finding of an abnormal semen analysis, although other male factors may play a role even when the semen analysis is normal.AimsTo classify the causes of male infertility at pre-testicular, testicular, and post-testicular levels.Materials and methodsThis study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in collaboration with the Department of Radio Diagnosis, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata.ResultsPre-testicular cause was seen in 7% of patients. Erectile dysfunction is the commonest. In testicular causes, varicocele is the most common (29.6%), followed by idiopathic (25.9%) and trauma in 14.8%, and other causes, such as torsion, infective orchitis, and cryptorchism show a common incidence of 7.4%. In post-testicular, varity in 51.8% is due to ejaculatory duct obstruction and accessory gland dysfunction, and acquired hernia surgeries have a common incidence of 14.81%. The least common cause is epididymal asthenozoospermia.ConclusionIn male infertility evaluation history and clinical examination, semen analysis is the common tool for all groups of patients. Pre-testicular male infertile is mainly due to consequences of primary or secondary dysfunction of endocrine or exocrine glands influencing the male reproductive axis. Testicular group of male infertility are due to varity of genetic, congenital, and acquired insults to the proper testicular function; post-testicular cause of infertility is due to pathology in the pathway of sperm passage; this is influenced by congenital and acquired defects and diseases respectively. The idiopathic group of patients needs further evaluation by use of advanced seminal tests like immunological tests, semen culture, special staining of the spermatozoa, sperm DNA integrity tests, appropriate genetic evaluation and. Evaluation of ultrastructural abnormalities of spermatozoa, for detection of defects in outer dense fibers, microtubules, mitochondria, connecting piece, and acrosome.How to cite this articleUmashankar KM, Mukherjee J, Banerjee SN, Cristy R, Seal BN, Drakshyani CL. Study of Evaluation of Causes of Male Infertility at a Tertiary Care Hospital. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(2):113-122.
Modified Two-corner Raz Suspension Procedure for Cystocele Repair: A Novel Technique
Authors: Sharma Urmila , Agarwal Ritu , Goraniya Nilesh L , Choudhary Sumesh D , Bandwal Pradeep J , Tanvir Tanvir 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Prolapse of anterior vaginal wall is a common problem in both perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. In past 200 years, surgical management of cystocele has undergone many changes from Kelly's plication to mesh reinforcement but none of these procedures proved to be 100% effective. Modified two-corner Raz suspension procedure (MTCRSP) can be used for the treatment of POP-Q (pelvic organ prolapse quantification) stage II to IV anterior vaginal wall prolapse (AVP).

Objectives
To assess the effectiveness of modified two-corner Raz suspension procedure (MTCRSP) in long-term success for cystocele repair and its effect on quality of life.

Study design
A hospital-based prospective study.

Materials and methods
Twelve patients underwent modified two-corner Raz procedure and were followed postoperatively for a period of 1 year at regular intervals. During follow-up, we assessed the degree of prolapse by POP-Q, quality of life, and sexual dysfunction.

Results
Preoperatively, 3 out of 12 (25%) patients had stage II, five had (41.66%) stage III, and four (33.33%) had stage IV prolapse. Postoperatively, at 1 month follow-up, one (8.33%) patient developed stage II anterior wall prolapse, which progressed to stage IV prolapse at 3 months. Two more patients developed stage II prolapse at 3-month follow-up. Failure rate at the end of 1 year was 25% (3/12). Prolapse quality of life (PQOL) improved in 10 out of 12 (83.33%) patients. While PGII (patient global impression of improvement) score improved in 11 out of 12 (91.66%) women.

Conclusion
Modified two-corner Raz suspension procedure is an effective technique with long-term success in stage II and III prolapse but a limited success in stage IV AVP.

How to cite this article
Mishra VV, Goraniya NL, Choudhary SD, Sharma U, Bandwal PJ, Tanvir T, Agarwal R. Modified Two-corner Raz Suspension Procedure for Cystocele Repair: A Novel Technique. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(2):130-135.
Evaluation of Safety in Cesarean Myomectomy
Authors: Nambiar Sabnam S , Ajith S , Prabhu Vidya , George Beena 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Objectives
Cesarean myomectomy (removal of fibroids during cesarean section) prevents an additional surgery, the cost, associated complications, and the physical and psychological trauma. However, there is risk of increased bleeding. Nevertheless, many centers practice it taking optimum precautions. The aim of our study was to compare cesarean myomectomy patients in those women who underwent cesarean section without fibroid removal for (a) blood loss, fall in hemoglobin, blood transfusion requirement; (b) intraoperative and postoperative complications; and (c) duration of hospitalization.

Materials and methods
We retrospectively studied medical records of cesarean sections done in our institution for women within the past 5 years. A total of 76 patients had documented fibroids, of whom 37 underwent concurrent myomectomy and 39 did not. Data were analyzed using Pearson's Chi-square test for categorical variables and student t test for continuous variables with threshold of significance p < 0.05.

Results
No significant difference was found in blood loss and intraoperative complications. A small increase was seen in febrile morbidity in myomectomy group, however, with no resultant increase in hospitalization.

Conclusion
Cesarean myomectomy does not cause increased morbidity. Moreover, it saves the mother an additional surgery of interval myomectomy provided proper selection of cases, adequate preoperative and intraoperative preparedness, and caution are taken into consideration.

How to cite this article
Nambiar SS, Ajith S, Prabhu V, George B. Evaluation of Safety in Cesarean Myomectomy. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(2):136-139.