bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Freezing delay of water droplets in a vacuum caused by polyol addition
Authors: Yoshioka Takuya , Kusumoto Tamon , Handa Takefumi , Arakawa Masashi , Terasaki Akira 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Droplets of pure water and polyol aqueous solutions with a diameter of several tens of micrometers were introduced into a vacuum to observe their freezing processes. The freezing time, i.e. the time elapsed from droplet generation to freezing, was found to become delayed as the polyol concentration increases. It was also found that the freezing time does not show significant dependence on the type of polyol at the same concentration. The observed delay caused by the addition of polyols is explainable by a plausible decrease in the homogeneous-ice nucleation temperature rather than by a drop in the vapor pressure.
Uncharged Lewis superacidic silicon complexes—perfluoropinacolato-stabilized systems for homogenous catalysis
Authors: Hanusch Franziska , Franz Daniel , Inoue Shigeyoshi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Lewis superacids are defined as species that exceed the Lewis acidity of SbF5, which was known as the strongest Lewis acid until the isolation of C6H5FAl(OC(CF3)3)3 in 2008. While strong Lewis acids and their prospects in synthesis and catalysis have been recognized for a long time, uncharged and four-coordinated silanes have been overlooked until recent years. In this contribution, we want to highlight the special features of highly Lewis acidic and Lewis superacidic tetranes. Specifically, we put emphasis on the synthesis, characterization, and catalytic application of silanes and germanes, stabilized by the perfluoropinacolato ligand. Our findings are put into context with previously prepared Lewis superacidic silanes [e.g. bis(catecholato)tetranes and Si(OTf)4 (OTf = trifluoromethanesulfonate)].
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections Following Respiratory Syncytial Virus Monoclonal Antibody Nirsevimab Immunization Versus Placebo: Analysis From a Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial (MELODY)
Authors: Arbetter Doug , Gopalakrishnan Vancheswaran , Aksyuk Anastasia A , Ahani Bahar , Chang Yue , Dagan Ron , Esser Mark T , Hammitt Laura L , Mankad Vaishali S , Saez-Llorens Xavier , Shen David , Leach Amanda , Kelly Elizabeth J , Villafana Tonya , Wilkins Deidre 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Nirsevimab is an extended half-life, highly potent, anti-respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion protein neutralizing monoclonal antibody with efficacy against RSV-associated medically attended (MA) lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in infants and medically vulnerable children (aged ≤24 months). This post hoc exploratory analysis examined the incidence of LRTI from RSV and other respiratory pathogens during MELODY: a 2:1 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study of nirsevimab in healthy term and late preterm (ie, gestational age ≥35 weeks) infants entering their first RSV season.

Methods
A total of 3012 participants were randomized to nirsevimab (n = 2009) or placebo (n = 1003). Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from infants who presented with an LRTI and tested for 22 different respiratory pathogens using the BioFire® Respiratory 2.1 Panel. Incidence of RSV and non-RSV MA-LRTIs through day 511 and LRTI severity were assessed.

Results
A total of 852 nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 561 participants through day 511: 519 swabs from 337 nirsevimab participants and 333 swabs from 224 placebo participants. RSV and non-RSV infections were detected in 193 of 852 (22.7%) and 55 of 852 (64.7%) swabs, respectively. RSV infection rates were lower with nirsevimab compared with placebo, including RSV–rhinovirus/enterovirus coinfections. Rates of other viral infections were similar between study arms. Approximately 70% of single RSV infections and RSV coinfections were adjudicated as mild, and 26.2% of single RSV infections and 24.5% of RSV coinfections required hospitalization.

Conclusions
Nirsevimab protected against RSV single and coinfections, with no evidence of replacement of RSV with other respiratory viruses.
Clinical Trials Registration. NCT03979313.
Gastric conduit in patients with previous endoscopic resection of the stomach for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kwon Yelee , Yun Jae Kwang , Lee Geun Dong , Choi Se Hoon , Kim Yong-Hee , Kim Hyeong Ryul 
Published: December 2024

Summary
This study investigated the clinical outcomes of gastric conduits for esophageal reconstruction in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients who had previously undergone endoscopic resection of the stomach. From January 2006 to April 2023, a total of 1964 patients underwent surgery for esophageal cancer at our institution. After initially excluding 125 of these cases due to a histology other than ESCC, we identified 147 patients in the remaining population who had previously undergone a gastric endoscopic resection, among which 56 patients (67.0 ± 6.5 years) were included in the present study cohort. A gastric conduit event was defined as any new lesions at the gastric conduit. The diagnoses of a previous gastric lesion included early gastric cancer (EGC) in 32 patients (57.1%), adenoma in 23 patients (41.1%), and dysplasia in 1 (1.8%) patient. The endoscopic procedures involved an endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in 36 patients (64.3%) and an endoscopic mucosal resection in 20 patients (35.7%). The 10-year event-free survival rate for the gastric conduit was 43.7%. Five patients were diagnosed with metachronous gastric neoplasm (EGC in two and adenoma in three patients). Endoscopic procedures were available for all five cases, but one patient with a metachronous EGC required a colon interposition with a total gastrectomy. In ESCC patients who have undergone an endoscopic resection of their gastric lesions, subsequent esophageal reconstruction with a gastric conduit could be a viable option if followed by regular endoscopic surveillance for the early detection and endoscopic curability of any lesions.
Effect of low-dose administration of carperitide for acute heart failure: the LASCAR-AHF trial
Authors: Honda Satoshi , Nagai Toshiyuki , Honda Yasuyuki , Nakano Hiroki , Kawabata Takanori , Maeda Hirotada , Asakura Koko , Iwakami Naotsugu , Takenaka Sakae , Kato Yoshiya , Tokuda Yusuke , Yamane Takafumi , Furukawa Yutaka , Kitai Takeshi , Asaumi Yasuhide , Nishihara Shuzo , Mizuno Atsushi , Yamaguchi Tetsuo , Noguchi Teruo , Yasuda Satoshi , Anzai Toshihisa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Aims
The effects of low-dose carperitide on long-term clinical outcomes of patients with acute heart failure (AHF) have not yet been fully elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of low-dose intravenous carperitide on the long-term clinical outcomes of patients with AHF.

Methods and results
In this multicentre, open-label, randomized controlled trial, 247 patients with AHF received low-dose carperitide intravenously with standard treatment or matching standard treatment for 72 h from November 2014 to March 2021 across nine sites in Japan. The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause death and heart failure hospitalization within 2 years. The primary endpoint was observed in 36 of 122 patients (29.5%) and 35 of 125 patients (28.0%) in the carperitide group and standard treatment groups, respectively [hazard ratio 1.26; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.78–2.06, P = 0.827]. No significant differences were observed in the secondary endpoints, including cumulative urine volume at 72 h; change in the degree of dyspnoea over 72 h; and changes in brain natriuretic peptide, cystatin C, renin, aldosterone, and catecholamine levels at 72 h post-randomization between the groups. A greater decrease in the estimated glomerular filtration rate was observed in the carperitide group compared with the standard treatment group (inter-group difference −3.9 mL/min/1.73 m2; 95% CI −7.0 to −0.8).

Conclusion
In patients with AHF, low-dose carperitide did not reduce long-term mortality or hospitalization events when combined with standard treatment. Because patient enrolment was terminated prematurely, the study was underpowered and inconclusive.
End-stage heart failure and heart transplant in cardiac sarcoidosis: a case series
Authors: Scuppa Maria Francesca , Accietto Antonella , Corsini Anna , Graziosi Maddalena , Biagini Elena , Baldovini Chiara , Sabatino Mario , Potena Luciano 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Diagnosing cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is challenging. Immunosuppressive therapies are less effective in end-stage disease, and often heart transplant (HT) is the only available option. We present a series of advanced CS cases, requiring HT, along with a review of the literature evidence in this field.

Case summary
Case 1: a 49-year-old man initially suspected of having arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) presented with heart failure (HF) and recurrent ventricular arrhythmias. The rapid clinical deterioration raised suspicion of an inflammatory aetiology, which was confirmed through endomyocardial biopsy, diagnosing CS. Despite immunosuppressive therapy, HT was required. Case 2: a 36-year-old woman presented with high-grade atrioventricular block and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), initially diagnosed as idiopathic. Due to worsening HF, she required HT. The pathological examination of the explanted heart revealed CS. Chronic subclinical antibody-mediated rejection was observed after HT. Case 3: a 44-year-old man presented with syncope and imaging suggesting ACM. He was referred for HT due to high ventricular arrhythmic burden. Cardiac sarcoidosis diagnosis was suspected due to pulmonary involvement and then confirmed on post-explant pathological exam. Post-HT pulmonary and cutaneous sarcoidosis reactivation were observed. Case 4: a 43-year-old man was diagnosed with pulmonary sarcoidosis after lung biopsy. Progression towards DCM was observed despite immunosuppressive therapy. Post-HT was characterized by multiple episodes of graft rejection.

Discussion
This case series provides insights into mid- and long-term outcomes after HT for CS, highlighting the need for careful management of immunosuppression in these patients, balancing the adverse effects of chronic immunosuppression with the prevention of rejection and sarcoidosis recurrence.
Balloon-assisted bioprosthetic or native aortic scallop intentional laceration to prevent iatrogenic coronary artery obstruction with en face view for patients exhibiting severe calcified leaflet: a case report
Authors: Kobayashi Yuta , Enta Yusuke , Nakashima Masaki , Tada Norio 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Balloon-assisted bioprosthetic or native aortic scallop intentional laceration to prevent iatrogenic coronary artery obstruction (BA-BASILICA) enables valve-in-valve transcatheter aortic valve implantation (ViV-TAVI) in patients at risk of coronary artery obstruction. However, its efficacy in patients with severely calcified leaflets remains unclear.

Case summary
We report a 78-year-old woman with a deteriorated 21 mm Carpentier-Edwards PERIMOUNT Magna valve. Computed tomography showed severe calcification in the left coronary leaflet, extending above the left coronary artery (LCA) ostium, with a virtual transcatheter heart valve to coronary ostium distance of 3.7 mm, indicating a high risk of coronary obstruction after ViV-TAVI. We performed ViV-TAVI using the BA-BASILICA because of the patient’s high surgical risks. Traversal of the calcified leaflet was successfully achieved using both en face and side views to visualize the traversal system’s position in an area without calcification and in front of the LCA. After traversal, the leaflet was dilated with a balloon and accidentally split into two. A 20 mm SAPIEN 3 Ultra RESILIA valve was deployed. Despite initial procedural success, severe LCA stenosis developed due to leaflet compression. This was resolved by orthotopic stenting using an en face view to identify cells not covered by the bioprosthetic leaflet generated by BA-BASILICA.

Discussion
To our knowledge, this is the first report of ViV-TAVI using the BA-BASILICA with an en face view of severely calcified leaflets. This case suggests that BA-BASILICA with an en face view could be effective for patients at high risk of coronary obstruction with severely calcified leaflets.
Is Secessionism Mostly About Income or Identity? A Global Analysis of 3,153 Subnational Regions
Authors: Desmet Klaus , Ortín Ignacio Ortuño , Özak Ömer 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper analyses whether the propensity to secede by subnational regions responds mostly to differences in income per capita or to distinct ethnolinguistic identities. We explore this question in a quantitative political economy model where people’s willingness to finance a public good depends on their income and identity. Using high-resolution economic and linguistic data for the entire globe, we predict the propensity to secede of 3,153 subnational regions in 177 countries. We validate the model-based predictions with data on secessionist movements, state fragility, regional autonomy, and conflict, as well as with an application to the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Counterfactual analysis shows that removing ethnolinguistic identity differences reduces the average support for secession from 10.1% to 0.2% of the population, while removing income differences has no major quantitative impact. Although both forces affect secessionism, identity trumps income in determining a region’s propensity to secede.
Transport and urban growth in the First Industrial Revolution
Authors: Alvarez-Palau Eduard J , Bogart Dan , Satchell Max , Shaw-Taylor Leigh 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Industrial Revolution led to dramatic economic changes which persist to the present. This paper focuses on urban areas in England and Wales, the birthplace of the First Industrial Revolution, and the role of early transport improvements, like improving rivers and roads, building canals, and reducing sailing costs. We estimate how much inter-urban freight transport costs declined from all such innovations between 1680 and 1830 using a new multi-modal transport model. We find that relative to producer prices, transport costs declined by nearly 75%. We then estimate how lower trade costs led to significantly higher urban population through increased market access. Our empirical strategy addresses confounding factors and potential endogeneity. A counterfactual suggests that without any change in the ratio of transport costs to producer prices between 1680 and 1830, the population in 1841 would have been more coastal and inland towns would have been 20 to 25% smaller. In extensions, we show that levels of market access in 1830 had persistent, positive effects on urban population up to 1911. It also led to significantly higher property income, more migration, and fewer unskilled occupations by the mid-nineteenth century. Broadly, early transport improvements significantly shaped the spatial structure of urban economies during the First Industrial Revolution and beyond.
Effects of postoperative glucocorticoids on mitigation of organ dysfunction in patients with type A aortic dissection: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Luo Ming-Hao , Luo Jing-Chao , Xu Xin , He Zhen-Hua , Huang Yin-Rui , Chen Chen , Su Ying , Hou Jun-Yi , Wang Chun-Sheng , Lai Hao , Tu Guo-Wei , Luo Zhe 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This study aims to evaluate the organ-protective efficacy of postoperative glucocorticoid in patients with type A aortic dissection.

METHODS
Postoperative type A aortic dissection patients were randomly allocated to receive either postoperative glucocorticoid or standard-of-care treatment. Intravenous methylprednisolone was administered for 3 days. The primary outcome was the reduction of Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score on postoperative day 4 compared to baseline (on postoperative day 1 before methylprednisolone administration).

RESULTS
Two hundred twelve patients were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. The primary outcome was significantly different between groups: 3.16 ± 2.52 in the control group versus 4.36 ± 2.82 in the glucocorticoid group (absolute difference 1.20 [95% CI 0.52–1.93], P = 0.001). The glucocorticoid group showed markedly lower median high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels compared to the control group (91.0 mg/l vs 182.0 mg/l; absolute difference: –91 (95% CI –122 to –57), P = 0.009) on postoperative day 4. Fewer patients in the glucocorticoid group required continuous renal replacement therapy (8.5% vs 19.8% in the control group; absolute difference: –10.4 [95% CI –19.1 to –1.3], P = 0.03).

CONCLUSIONS
This trial demonstrates that postoperative glucocorticoid in patients with type A aortic dissection significantly reduces postoperative inflammation and improves recovery of early organ dysfunction. These findings advocate for the implementation of glucocorticoid in the early phase after surgery for enhanced organ protection.
Integration of genetic testing into diagnostic pathways for cardiomyopathies: a clinical consensus statement by the ESC Council on Cardiovascular Genomics
Authors: Elliott Perry , Schunkert Heribert , Bondue Antoine , Behr Elijah , Carrier Lucie , Van Duijn Cornelia , García-Pavía Pablo , van der Harst Pim , Kavousi Maryam , Loeys Bart , Rocha Lopes Luis , Pinto Yigal , Di Toro Alessandro , Thum Thomas , Kääb Stefan , Urtis Mario , Arbustini Eloisa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In the modern era, cardiologists managing patients and families with cardiomyopathies need to be familiar with every stage of the diagnostic pathway from clinical phenotyping to the prescription and interpretation of genetic tests. This clinical consensus statement from the ESC Council for Cardiovascular Genomics aims to promote the integration of genetic testing into routine cardiac care of patients with cardiomyopathies, as recommended in the 2023 ESC guidelines for cardiomyopathies. The document describes the types of genetic tests currently available and provides advice on their prescription and for counselling after the return of genetic findings, including the approach in patients and families with variants of unknown significance.
Associations of step accelerations and cardiometabolic risk markers in early adulthood
Authors: Stenbäck Ville , Lehtonen Inka , Leppäluoto Juhani , Gagnon Dominique , Järvelin Marjo-Riitta , Tulppo Mikko , Herzig Karl-Heinz 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Physical activity (PA) has a positive effect on risk factors related to cardiometabolic health yet amount of PA and time of onset is unclear. Therefore, we investigated the relationship of PA estimates and cardiometabolic risk factors in a large healthy population of an understudied age group of young adults using a standard gravity-based method on body adiposity and risk markers. In 856 (532 women, 324 men, 32–35 years) subjects we evaluated the association of PA and cardiometabolic risk factors in early adulthood. PA was measured using accelerometers for a period of two weeks. Step counts were divided into light (LPA), moderate (MPA), and vigorous (VPA) intensity classes. Income of the household was 63 446 ± 46 899€ and 57.5% had higher education. Total daily step numbers were 11962.5 ± 5163.2, LPA 5459.6 ± 2986.6, MPA 5932 ± 3404.6, and VPA 572.3 ± 668. Higher total PA volume was associated with lower weight, BMI, % body fat, smaller visceral fat area (VFA) and waist circumference, lower total cholesterol, LDL, and reflection coefficient of the pulse wave. LPA correlated with weight, BMI, waist circumference, total cholesterol, LDL, and central pulse pressure (cPP). Percent body fat (%BF), VFA, total cholesterol, LDL, reflection coefficient, heart minute index, and heart minute volume were significantly associated with MPA and VPA intensity PA volume. Lower PA in early adulthood correlates with increased cardiometabolic risk markers which should be translated into specific recommendations to thrive for a healthier lifestyle to delay and decrease their onset.
Measuring individual colony MICs is a more sensitive method to detect the effect of antimicrobials on antimicrobial susceptibility than the proportion of colonies resistant
Authors: Ledesma Vergel , Vanbaelen Thibaut , Gestels Zina , Panis Nele , Abdellati Said , de Block Tessa , De Baetselier Irith , Van den Bossche Dorien , Manoharan-Basil Sheeba Santhini , Kenyon Chris 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The ResistAZM randomized controlled trial found that the receipt of ceftriaxone/azithromycin, compared to ceftriaxone was not associated with an increase in the proportion of oral commensal Neisseria spp. and streptococci with azithromycin resistance 14 days after treatment. We repeated the analyses by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of azithromycin and ceftriaxone for individual colonies of commensal Neisseria spp. and streptococci at day 0 and day 14 in both arms. The receipt of ceftriaxone/azithromycin but not ceftriaxone was associated with an increase in azithromycin MIC for both Neisseria spp. (P &lt; 0.0001) and streptococci (P = 0.0076). Likewise, ceftriaxone/azithromycin but not ceftriaxone monotherapy was associated with an increase in ceftriaxone MICs in Neisseria spp. (P = 0.0035). Whereas the proportion method failed to detect an association between the receipt of azithromycin and increased macrolide resistance, the MIC distribution method detected this effect. The MIC distribution method is thus a more sensitive method to assess the effect of antimicrobials on antimicrobial susceptibility. Background: The ResistAZM randomized controlled trial found that the receipt of ceftriaxone/azithromycin, compared to ceftriaxone was not associated with an increase in the proportion of oral commensal Neisseria spp. and streptococci with azithromycin resistance 14 days after treatment. Methods: We repeated the analyses by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of azithromycin and ceftriaxone for individual colonies of commensal Neisseria spp. and streptococci at day 0 and day 14 in both arms. Results: The receipt of ceftriaxone/azithromycin but not ceftriaxone was associated with an increase in azithromycin MIC for both Neisseria spp. (P &lt; 0.0001) and streptococci (P = 0.0076). Likewise, ceftriaxone/azithromycin but not ceftriaxone monotherapy was associated with an increase in ceftriaxone MICs in Neisseria spp. (P = 0.0035). Conclusions: Whereas the proportion method failed to detect an association between the receipt of azithromycin and increased macrolide resistance, the MIC distribution method detected this effect. The MIC distribution method is thus a more sensitive method to assess the effect of antimicrobials on antimicrobial susceptibility.