bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency domain analysis method of nonstationary random vibration based on evolutionary spectral representation
Authors: Zhao Yan , Si L.T. , Ouyang H. 
Published: March 2018

PurposeA novel frequency domain approach, which combines the pseudo excitation method modified by the authors and multi-domain Fourier transform (PEM-FT), is proposed for analyzing nonstationary random vibration in this paper.Design/methodology/approachFor a structure subjected to a nonstationary random excitation, the closed-form solution of evolutionary power spectral density of the response is derived in frequency domain.FindingsThe deterministic process and random process in an evolutionary spectrum are separated effectively using this method during the analysis of nonstationary random vibration of a linear damped system, only modulation function of the system needs to be estimated, which brings about a large saving in computational time.Originality/valueThe method is general and highly flexible as it can deal with various damping types and nonstationary random excitations with different modulation functions.
A novel hybrid meshless method for seepage flows in non-homogeneous and anisotropic soils
Authors: Hajiazizi Mohammad , Graili Adel 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to extend the scaled boundary radial point interpolation method (SBRPIM), as a novel semi-analytical scheme, to the analysis of the steady state confined seepage flows.

Design/methodology/approach
This method combines the advantages of the scaled boundary finite element method and the BRPIM. In this method, only boundary nodes are used, no fundamental solution of the problem is required, and as the shape functions constructed based on the RPIM satisfy the Kronecker delta function property, the boundary conditions of problems can be imposed accurately and easily.

Findings
Three numerical examples, including seepage flow through homogeneous and non-homogeneous soils, are analyzed in this paper. Comparing the flow net obtained by SBRPIM and other numerical methods confirms the ability of the proposed method in analyzing seepage flows. In addition, in these examples, the accuracy of the SBRPIM in modeling the velocity singularity at a sharp corner is illustrated. SBRPIM accurately models the singularity point in non-homogeneous and anisotropic soil.

Originality/value
SBRPIM method is a simple effective tool for analyzing various kinds of engineering problems. It is easy to implement for modeling the velocity singularity at a sharp corner. The proposed method accurately models the singularity point in non-homogeneous and anisotropic soil.
Investigating the effects of operators on warranty cost under sales delay conditions
Authors: Dorabati Sepideh Eskandari , Hamadani Ali Zeinal , Fazlollahtabar Hamed 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
Due to the fact that the non-standard products, being used by customers, may cause failures in products with sales delays, which naturally affect the warranty policy. Thus, it seems to be necessary to study these two concepts simultaneously. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, a model is developed for estimating the expected warranty costs under sales delay conditions when two operator costs (failing but not reported and non-failing but reported) are included.

Findings
The proposed model is validated using a numerical example for a two types of intermittent and fatal failures occur under a non-renewing warranty policy.

Originality/value
Sales delay is the time interval between the date of production and the date of sale. Most reported literature on warranty claims data analysis related to sales delay have mainly focussed on estimating the probability distribution of the sales delay.
Maintenance and setup planning in manufacturing systems under uncertainties
Authors: Kibouka Guy Richard , Nganga-Kouya Donatien , Kenné Jean-Pierre , Polotski Vladimir , Songmene Victor 
Published: March 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to find the optimal production and setup policies for a manufacturing system that produces two different types of parts. The manufacturing system consists of one machine subject to random failures and repairs. Reconfiguring the machine to switch production from one type of product to another generates a non-production time and a significant cost.Design/methodology/approachThis paper proposes an approach based on the development of optimal production and setup policies, taking into account the possibilities of undertaking the setup for all modes of the machine, and covering them at the end of setup. New optimality conditions are developed in terms of modified Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equations and recursive numerical methods are applied to solve such equations.FindingsThe proposed approach led to determine more realistic production rates of both parts and setup sequences for the different modes of the machine that significantly influence the inventory and the system capacity. A numerical example and sensitivity analysis are used to determine the structure of the optimal policies and to show the helpfulness and robustness of the results obtained.Practical implicationsFollowing the steps of the proposed approach will provide the control policies for industrial manufacturing systems with setup permitted at all modes of the machine, and when the setup does not necessarily restore the machine to its operational mode. The proposed optimal policy takes into account the stochastic nature of the machine mode at the end of setup and we show that ignoring it leads to non-natural policies and underestimates significantly the safety stock thresholds.Originality/valueConsidering the assumptions presented in this paper leads to a new structure of the control laws for the production planning of manufacturing systems with setup.
The composition of precarity: ‘emerging’ composers’ experiences of opportunity culture in contemporary classical music
Authors: Smith Neil Thomas , Thwaites Rachel 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis paper examines the precarious working lives of ‘emerging’ composers attempting to build a career in the world of new classical music in the UK. This topic is approached by considering the ‘composition opportunity’, success in which is seen as an important element in ‘making it’ in this sphere. We argue that such schemes in fact manifest a crucial tension in the nature of artistic labour, and are, at the very least, problematic in their function as conduits towards full professional identity. They may instead act to maintain the precarious working situation of composers in a neoliberal age. The working lives of artists are all too rarely illuminated, and new music composers are no exception; this survey of 47 emerging composers is the largest study of such individuals in the UK.
Effect of a Data‐driven Intervention on Opioid Prescribing Intensity Among Emergency Department Providers: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Michael Sean S. , Babu Kavita M. , Androski Christopher , Reznek Martin A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveLittle is known about accuracy of provider self‐perception of opioid prescribing. We hypothesized that an intervention asking emergency department (ED) providers to self‐identify their opioid prescribing practices compared to group norms—and subsequently providing them with their actual prescribing data—would alter future prescribing compared to controls.MethodsThis was a prospective, multicenter randomized trial in which all attending physicians, residents, and advanced practice providers at four EDs were randomly assigned either to no intervention or to a brief data‐driven intervention during which providers were: 1) asked to self‐identify and explicitly report to research staff their perceived opioid prescribing in comparison to their peers and 2) then given their actual data with peer group norms for comparison. Our primary outcome was the change in each provider's proportion of patients discharged with an opioid prescription at 6 and 12 months. Secondary outcomes were opioid prescriptions per hundred total prescriptions and normalized morphine milligram equivalents prescribed. Our primary comparison stratified intervention providers by those who underestimated their prescribing and those who did not underestimate their prescribing, both compared to controls.ResultsAmong 109 total participants, 51 were randomized to the intervention, 65% of whom underestimated their opioid prescribing. Intervention participants who underestimated their baseline prescribing had larger‐magnitude decreases than controls (Hodges‐Lehmann difference = –2.1 prescriptions per hundred patients at 6 months [95% confidence interval {CI} = –3.9 to –0.5] and –2.2 per hundred at 12 months [95% CI = –4.8 to –0.01]). Intervention participants who did not underestimate their prescribing had similar changes to controls.ConclusionsSelf‐perception of prescribing was frequently inaccurate. Providing clinicians with their actual opioid prescribing data after querying their self‐perception reduced future prescribing among providers who underestimated their baseline prescribing. Our findings suggest that guideline and policy interventions should directly address the potential barrier of inaccurate provider self‐awareness.
Functional responses of an apex predator and a mesopredator to an invading ungulate: Dingoes, red foxes and sambar deer in south‐east Australia
Authors: Forsyth David M. , Caley Peter , Davis Naomi E. , Latham A. David M. , Woolnough Andrew P. , Woodford Luke P. , Stamation Kasey A. , Moloney Paul D. , Pascoe Charlie 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBiological invasions by large herbivores involve the establishment of novel interactions with the receiving mammalian carnivore community, but understanding these interactions is difficult due to the large spatiotemporal scales at which such dynamics would occur. We quantified the functional responses of a native apex predator (the dingo (Canis familiaris), which includes wild dogs and their hybrids) and a non‐native mesopredator (red fox; Vulpes vulpes) to an invading non‐native ungulate (sambar deer; Cervus unicolor) in Australia. We predicted that the apex predator would exhibit a stronger functional response to increasing sambar deer abundance than the mesopredator. We used a state–space model to link two 30‐year time series: (i) sambar deer abundance (hunter catch‐per‐unit‐effort); and (ii) percentages of sambar deer in dingo (N = 4531) and fox (N = 5002) scats. Sambar deer abundance increased over fourfold during 1984−2013. The percentages of sambar deer in dingo and fox scats increased during this 30‐year period, from nil in both species in 1984 to 8.2% in dingoes and 0.5% in foxes in 2013. Dingoes exhibited a much stronger functional response to increasing sambar deer abundance than foxes. The prediction that invading deer would be utilized more by the apex predator than by the mesopredator was therefore supported. The increasing abundance of sambar deer during the period 1984−2013 provided an increasingly important food source for dingoes. In contrast, the smaller red fox utilized sambar deer much less. Our study demonstrates that prey enrichment can be an important consequence of large herbivore invasions and that the effect varies predictably with the trophic position of the mammalian carnivores in the receiving community.
Functional outcome after laparoscopic nerve‐sparing sacrocolpopexy: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Christmann‐Schmid Corina , Koerting Isabell , Ruess Esther , Faehnle Ivo , Krebs Jörg 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIntroductionTo date sacrocolpopexy is regarded as the reference standard treatment for primarily apical compartment prolapse and multicompartment prolapse. Most bladder and bowel dysfunction improves postoperatively after sacrocolpopexy; however, de novo bowel or de novo bladder dysfunction can occur. The inferior hypogastric nerve is commonly known among pelvic surgeons. However, the inferior hypogastric nerve and its fine fibers are difficult to identify; iatrogenic lesion is commonly tolerated although this can lead to bladder, bowel and sexual dysfunction. This study was performed to assess the functional outcome after nerve‐sparing sacrocolpopexy.Material and methodsFrom 2014 to 2016 all women undergoing a laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy for apical or multicompartment prolapse stage >2 were included in this prospective study. Laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy was performed using the nerve‐sparing approach. Objective outcome was assessed by preoperative and postoperative POP‐Q changes. De novo bladder and de novo bowel dysfunction were subjectively and objectively evaluated.ResultsIn all, 137 women were included. Significant objective improvement for point Aa and C (p < 0.0001) preoperatively to postoperatively was seen. The posterior compartment remained unchanged with point Ba −2. De novo overactive bladder and de novo bladder outlet obstruction with elevated postresidual volume were seen for both in 0.7% (1/137). De novo stress urinary incontinence was seen in 0.7% (5/137). De novo constipation was seen in 5%, bowel incontinence in 0% and resolution of pre‐existing obstipation in 14.5%. De novo laxative use (9%) in the first 12 weeks was the most common postoperative problem.ConclusionWe could demonstrate that when a nerve‐sparing technique is applied for sacrocolpopexy low de novo bladder (18%) and de novo bowel dysfunction can be seen.
National survey showed that Chinese city children under two years of age had similar feeding patterns to developed countries
Authors: Wu Hua‐hong , Li Hui , Zhang Ya‐qin , Zong Xin‐nan , Zhu Zong‐han , Yu Yang 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimThis 2015 study was a part of the National Growth Survey of Children under seven years of age, which has been carried out in nine Chinese cities every 10 years since 1975. Our aim was to assess children's feeding practices and nutritional supplements.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional survey of 89 006 healthy children aged one to 24 months. All data were collected by face‐to‐face interviews during child health visits, using a questionnaire.ResultsThe exclusive breastfeeding rate was 53% in infants under six months of age, and the continued breastfeeding rate was 51% among infants who were 10–12 months and 5% when they were 21–24 months. Infants were weaned at a mean of 9.3 months in urban areas and 9.4 months in suburban areas. Cereals were provided as complementary food at a mean age of five months, eggs at six months, meat at eight and a half months and bean products at over 12 months. The most common nutritional supplements given to the children were vitamins A and D and calcium.ConclusionThe feeding practices of Chinese city children were similar to those in developed countries, but strategies are needed to promote more rational consumption of nutritional supplements.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dexmedetomidine‐induced vasoconstriction in healthy volunteers
Authors: Talke Pekka , Anderson Brian J. 
Published: March 2018

AimsAlpha‐2 agonists are direct peripheral vasoconstrictors, which achieve these effects by activating vascular smooth muscle alpha‐2 adrenoceptors. The impact of this response during dexmedetomidine infusion remains poorly quantified. Our goal was to investigate the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD, vasoconstriction) effects of a computer‐controlled dexmedetomidine infusion in healthy volunteers.MethodsAfter local ethics committee approval, we studied 10 healthy volunteers. To study the peripheral vasoconstrictive effect of dexmedetomidine without concurrent sympatholytic effects, sympathetic fibres were blocked with a brachial plexus block. Volunteers received a dexmedetomidine target‐controlled infusion for 15 min, to a target concentration of 0.3 ng ml–1. Arterial blood samples were collected during and for 60 min after dexmedetomidine infusion for PK analysis. Peripheral vasoconstriction (PD) was assessed using finger photoelectric plethysmography. PK/PD analysis was carried out using nonlinear mixed‐effect models.ResultsWe found that the computer‐controlled infusion pump delivered mean concentrations greater than 0.3 ng ml–1 over the 15‐min infusion duration. The peripheral vasoconstrictive effect correlated with dexmedetomidine plasma concentrations during and after the infusion. A three‐compartment model provided a better fit to the data than a two‐compartment model.ConclusionsWe found that dexmedetomidine‐induced vasoconstriction is concentration dependent over time. Dexmedetomidine PK were best estimated by a three‐compartment model with allometric scaling. Our results may contribute to future modelling of dexmedetomidine‐induced haemodynamic effects.
Adapting the bioblitz to meet conservation needs
Authors: Parker Sophie S. , Pauly Gregory B. , Moore James , Fraga Naomi S. , Knapp John J. , Principe Zachary , Brown Brian V. , Randall John M. , Cohen Brian S. , Wake Thomas A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWhen conservation strategies require new, field‐based information, practitioners must find the best ways to rapidly deliver high‐quality survey data. To address this challenge, several rapid‐assessment approaches have been developed since the early 1990s. These typically involve large areas, take many months to complete, and are not appropriate when conservation‐relevant survey data are urgently needed for a specific locale. In contrast, bioblitzes are designed for quick collection of site‐specific survey data. Although bioblitzes are commonly used to achieve educational or public‐engagement goals, conservation practitioners are increasingly using a modified bioblitz approach to generate conservation‐relevant data while simultaneously enhancing research capacity and building working partnerships focused on conservation concerns. We term these modified eventsexpert bioblitzes. Several expert bioblitzes have taken place on lands of conservation concern in Southern California and have involved collaborative efforts of government agencies, nonprofit organizations, botanic gardens, museums, and universities. The results of expert bioblitzes directly informed on‐the‐ground conservation and decision‐making; increased capacity for rapid deployment of expert bioblitzes in the future; and fostered collaboration and communication among taxonomically and institutionally diverse experts. As research and conservation funding becomes increasingly scarce, expert bioblitzes can play an increasingly important role in biodiversity conservation.
Predictive Movements and Human Reinforcement Learning of Sequential Action
Authors: de Kleijn Roy , Kachergis George , Hommel Bernhard 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSequential action makes up the bulk of human daily activity, and yet much remains unknown about how people learn such actions. In one motor learning paradigm, the serial reaction time (SRT) task, people are taught a consistent sequence of button presses by cueing them with the next target response. However, the SRT task only records keypress response times to a cued target, and thus it cannot reveal the full time‐course of motion, including predictive movements. This paper describes a mouse movement trajectory SRT task in which the cursor must be moved to a cued location. We replicated keypress SRT results, but also found that predictive movement—before the next cue appears—increased during the experiment. Moreover, trajectory analyses revealed that people developed a centering strategy under uncertainty. In a second experiment, we made prediction explicit, no longer cueing targets. Thus, participants had to explore the response alternatives and learn via reinforcement, receiving rewards and penalties for correct and incorrect actions, respectively. Participants were not told whether the sequence of stimuli was deterministic, nor if it would repeat, nor how long it was. Given the difficulty of the task, it is unsurprising that some learners performed poorly. However, many learners performed remarkably well, and some acquired the full 10‐item sequence within 10 repetitions. Comparing the high‐ and low‐performers’ detailed results in this reinforcement learning (RL) task with the first experiment's cued trajectory SRT task, we found similarities between the two tasks, suggesting that the effects in Experiment 1 are due to predictive, rather than reactive processes. Finally, we found that two standard model‐free reinforcement learning models fit the high‐performing participants, while the four low‐performing participants provide better fit with a simple negative recency bias model.
Human leukocyte antigen compatibility and lymphocyte cross‐matching play no significant role in the current adult‐to‐adult living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Badawy Amr , Kaido Toshimi , Yoshizawa Atsushi , Yagi Shintaro , Fukumitsu Ken , Okajima Hideaki , Uemoto Shinji 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) compatibility and positive lymphocyte cross‐match (LCM) on organ transplantation is well‐recognized particularly in kidney and heart transplantation; however, it is still debatable in liver transplantation (LT). So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of HLA mismatch and positive LCM on the outcome of LT.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the data of all adult recipients who underwent living donor LT at our institute between January 2010 and July 2016. We excluded all ABO blood group incompatible LDLT patients and patients with incomplete data regarding HLA genotyping (n = 134). The type and degree of HLA‐A, HLA‐B, HLA‐C, HLA‐DR, HLA‐DQ mismatch and LCM were assessed in each donor‐recipient pair and their relationship to the occurrence of rejection, CMV infection and graft survival was evaluated.ResultsA higher percentage (>50%) of donor‐recipient pairs had 1 HLA mismatch at each locus in the host‐vs‐graft direction and seventeen recipients (13%) had positive LCM. Human leukocyte antigen mismatch and positive LCM were not correlated with increased incidence of acute rejection (P = .37, P = .6, respectively), CMV infection post‐transplant (P = .52, P = .76, respectively), or graft failure (HR 1.22, P = .68 and HR 1.73, P = .34, respectively).ConclusionPositive LCM and HLA mismatches did not affect the overall graft survival after adult‐to‐adult LDLT and should not be considered as contraindications for liver transplantation.