bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiation Dosimetry and Fasting-Dependent Hepatobiliary Clearance of the VAChT- Specific PET radioligand 18F-VAT in Humans
Authors: Norris Scott A , Goldman Noah L , Hamdi Mahdjoub , Moerlein Stephen M , Laforest Richard , Karimi Morvarid , Perlmutter Joel S , Tu Zhude 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
The vesicular acetylcholine transporter ligand (-)-(1-((2R,3R)-8-(2-[(18)F]fluoro-ethoxy)-3-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)piperidin-4-yl)(4-fluorophenyl)-methanone (18F -VAT) enables positron emission tomography PET quantification of cholinergic dysfunction in neurologic and psychiatric disorders. Determining its bio-distribution and dose exposure in humans is essential for clinical implementation, particularly given hepatobiliary clearance observed in pre-clinical models. Based on pre-clinical data, eight healthy subjects (4 males, 4 females) received 385–533 MBq 18F-VAT immediately followed by three sequential whole-body PET/CT scans. PET data were collected under three different fasting conditions relative to administration of Ensure®Plus oral supplement and PET image acquisition: 1) complete fasting (n = 3), 2) oral partial fasting (n = 3), or 3) non-fasting (n = 2). We defined volumes of interest (VOIs), and generated organ time-activity curves (TACs). Organ radiation dosimetry was calculated using OLINDA/EXM v1.1 software.
Results
There were no adverse events after 18F-VAT dosing. Radioactivity accumulated predominantly in the brain, hepatobiliary system, small intestine, bone, and urinary bladder. Across all fasting states, organ dosimetry revealed gallbladder as the critical organ (135.8 µSv/MBq) followed by liver (50.9 µSv/MBq), with a gender averaged effective dose of 15.6 ± 3.4 µSv/MBq (17.8 and 13.3 µSv/MBq for males and females, respectively.) Mean gallbladder time integrated activity significantly differed among non-fasting (29.6 TBq*h, 116 µSv/MBq) and partial fasting (30.2 TBq*h, 120.7 µSv/MBq) combined with fasting PET acquisition (49.3 TBq*h, 164 µSv/MBq) (Kruskal-Wallis H 5, p = 0.03).
Conclusions
Human bio-distribution data showed high retention of 18F-VAT in the gallbladder and liver, where rat dosimetry studies do not accurately predict a safety profile given lack of gallbladder. Human dosimetry data appear different from fasting non-human primate data, indicating that up to 368 MBq (10 mCi) of 18F-VAT can be administered without exceeding a maximum dose to the gallbladder of 50 mSv (5 rem). Oral supplementation just prior to 18F-VAT administration accelerates gallbladder clearance, reducing critical organ radiation exposure and permitting an administered dose of 18F-VAT to 431 MBq (11.6 mCi) without exceeding a gallbladder dose of 50 mSv (5 rem).
Epidemiology of Pre-cancerous Cervical Lesions Among Women in Adama, Ethiopia
Authors: Lema Tadesse Fikre 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Cervical pre-cancer is a distinct change in the epithelial cells of the transformation zone of the cervix; the cells begin developing in an abnormal fashion in the presence of persistent or long-term human papillomavirus infection. It is estimated that out of women infected with human papillomavirus, 10% will develop pre-cancerous changes in their cervical tissue. About 8% of the women who develop these changes will develop pre-cancer limited to the outer layers of the cervical cells, and about 1.6% will develop invasive cancer. The main purpose of the study was to determine the epidemiology of pre-cancerous cervical lesions among women in Adama, Ethiopia.
Method
A cross-sectional study was carried out from April to July 2023. Interviewer administered, structured questionnaire was employed, and visual inspection with acetic acid applied for screening of the cervix. Systematic sampling technique was used to collect data from 383 participants. Data was entered into Epi Info version 7, and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science version 26. Binary logistic regression for bivariate and multivariate analyses with adjusted odds ratios and 95% CIs were used to identify factors associated with the development of pre-cancerous cervical lesions. The level of significance of association was determined as a p-value < 0.05.
Results
The overall prevalence of pre-cancerous cervical lesions was 12.5%. Post-coital bleeding (AOR = 25.34: 95% CI: 6.22, 103.20), age at first sex (AOR = 3.96: 95% CI: 1.24, 12.69), lifetime sexual partner (AOR = 8.37: 95% CI: 1.00, 70.14) and HIV sero-status (AOR = 10.96: 95% CI: 2.25, 53.37) were identified as independent factors significantly associated with the development of pre-cancerous cervical lesions.
Conclusions
There was high prevalence of pre-cancerous cervical lesions among participants. Conduct health education to the public on avoidance of identified cervical cancer risk factors. Multiple factors were identified as independent factors significantly associated with the development of pre-cancerous cervical lesions. Awareness creation campaigns and educational programs about the prevention of pre-cancerous cervical lesions and associated risk factors need to be implemented in the community
Evaluating the implementation of measurement-based care in child and adolescent mental health services as part of a learning health system
Authors: McCabe Erin , Bajgain Bishnu , Hindmarch Whitney , Dyson Michele , McNeil Deborah , Ortega Iliana , Arnold Paul D. , Dimitropoulos Gina , Clements Ryan , Zwicker Jennifer D. , Santana Maria J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Mental health conditions affect one in seven young people and research suggests that current mental health services are not meeting the needs of many children and youth. Learning health systems are an approach to enhancing mental health services through rapid, routinized cycles of continuous learning and improvement. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) provide a key data source for learning health systems. PROMs also improve outcomes for patients when integrated into routine clinical care - an approach often referred to as measurement-based care (MBC) in mental health services. However, implementing MBC into health systems is challenging. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the implementation of MBC in a child and adolescent mental health centre in Calgary, Canada. Our specific objectives were to assess implementation outcomes, and identify barriers and facilitators to implementation.
Methods
This study is a mixed-methods, formative evaluation using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. The child and adolescent mental health centre has three services: single session Walk-in service, Day Hospital and Intensive Community Treatment Services. Participants included managers, clinicians, administrative support, embedded researchers at the centre, and youth and caregivers who have accessed the centre’s services. Surveys, PROM and administrative data, as well as semi-structured interview data were analyzed to evaluate implementation outcomes (acceptability, appropriateness, penetration, fidelity), as well as assess barriers and facilitators to implementation of MBC.
Results
Clinicians (n = 14), managers (n = 3), administrative support (n = 6), and embedded research team members (n = 4) participated. Acceptability of MBC was high, perceptions of appropriateness varied by service. Penetration and fidelity metrics were high in intensive community treatment services, mixed in Day Hospital and low in the Walk-in service. Key facilitators identified include leadership support, a culture of innovation, the design of MBC, and clinician self-efficacy with standardized assessment tools. Key barriers included the platform for administering MBC, inconsistent engagement with clinical staff, and the policies of the large health services provider operating the centre.
Conclusion
This study described implementation outcomes and identified determinants of successful implementation of MBC in child and adolescent mental health services. The findings will be useful in designing implementation strategies in similar settings.
Integrating polygenic risk scores and constructing a predictive model to assess the risk of knee osteoarthritis in Taiwanese population
Authors: Lim Kai-Xuan , Shieh Yun-Jer , Liao Hsiu-Jung , Hsiao Tzu-Hung , Huang Chi-Ying F. , Hsieh Yi-Ling , Chang Chih-Hung , Lee Cheng-Hung 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective:
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disease that can lead to severe limitations in daily activities and function. Genetic components contribute significantly to knee OA and it always coexists with other comorbid conditions. Our goal is to identify the most effective PGS panel that can be applied in the Taiwanese population. We also aim to develop a predictive model for the risk of knee OA by integrating the polygenic risk scores(PGS) and comorbidity information.
Method
We analyzed a total of 43,686 patients from the Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative (TPMI) database and 1,363 cases of knee OA were identified. We validated which of the four published PGS panels was the most appropriate for predicting the risk of knee OA in the Taiwanese population. We then integrate the validated PGS panel and common comorbidities with knee OA to evaluate the predictive performance of the model.
Results
We found that PGS002767 showed the strongest association with our knee OA patients (OR: 1.59 at rank 5, OR: 1.46 at rank 4 compared to rank 1). GERD (OR:2.17), insomnia (OR:1.57), dyslipidemia (OR:1.49), and hypertension (OR:1.47) were retained in the final model. The AUC of our final model which included PGS002767, BMI and comorbidities was 0.72.
Conclusion:
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to validate the applicability of PGS panels in knee OA patient of the Taiwanese population. We create a predictive model for knee OA allowing clinicians to quickly and cost-effectively screen patients at risk for developing knee OA.
The Importance of Panimmune Inflammation Value and Systemic Immuno-Inflammation Index in Patients with Acute Cerebrovascular Infarction
Authors: Kamiloğlu Muhammed , Karabulut Keziban Ucar , Karaca Meltem , Kısınma Alpaslan , Ucar Yildiz 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Stroke is a condition that negatively affects the quality of life in all societies and is one of the leading causes of mortality in adults. It is the second most common cause of death and disability worldwide. Acute ischemic stroke leads to severe physical, social, psychological, and economic devastation. Early and accurate diagnosis of these patients in the emergency department is crucial for timely treatment. This study aimed to investigate the course of the pan-immune inflammation value (PIV), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), which are discussed as new inflammatory markers in patients diagnosed with acute stroke. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study compared inflammatory markers obtained from the complete blood count results of patients diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke in the emergency department between 01.01.2022 and 01.03.2024 with those of healthy individuals. Findings: In our study, 201 patients with acute ischemic stroke and 100 healthy individuals were compared. The results demonstrated that inflammatory markers, including the Pan-Immune Inflammation Value (PIV), Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII), and Systemic Inflammatory Response Index (SIRI), were significantly higher in the stroke group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Specifically, neutrophil, CRP, PIV, SII, SIRI, and NLR values were elevated in the ischemic stroke group, while lymphocyte and hemoglobin levels were higher in the control group. Conclusion: This study highlights the potential of PIV, SII, and SIRI as novel biomarkers for predicting inflammation and prognosis in acute ischemic stroke patients. These markers may serve as cost-effective and practical tools for early diagnosis and risk stratification in clinical settings. Further studies with dynamic evaluations are needed to explore the long-term prognostic value of these markers.
Postoperative complications following salvage neck dissection after (chemo)radiotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: which patients are at high risk?
Authors: Navran Arash , Gouw Zeno A.R. , Klop Willem M. , Schreuder Willem H. , Donswijk Maarten L. , Owers Emilia , Boer Jan Paul , Smit Laura , Karssemakers Luc , Brekel Michiel , Al-Mamgani Abrahim 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Salvage neck dissection (ND) is the treatment of choice for residual neck disease after (chemo)radiotherapy for head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Although ND is a relatively safe surgical procedure, several studies have shown that salvage ND will increase the morbidity of (chemo)radiotherapy with possible increase in acute and late toxicity and deterioration of quality-of-life. Therefore, unnecessary salvage ND need to be avoided. However, the available literature could not identify potential groups at higher risk of post-operative complications because of the missing demographic information and the heterogeneity in studies and outcome data. We aim to report on the types, rates, and severity of postoperative complications and to identify groups of patients at high risk of these complications.
Methods
Of 908 patients with node-positive HNSCC primarily treated with (chemo)radiotherapy between 2008 and 2022, 130 (14%) underwent salvage ND. Endpoints of the study are the incidence of G ≥ 2 and G3 postoperative complications, identification of risk factors for these complications and the oncologic outcomes.
Results
Only 41% of patient who underwent salvage ND still had vital tumor in ND-specimen (pN+). No G4-5 complications were reported. The incidence of G3 and G ≥ 2(CTCAE.v5) postoperative complications were 18% and 52%, respectively. Events reported as G3 complications were wound infection/dehiscence (n = 9), fistula (n = 4), bleeding (n = 4), tracheotomy (n = 6), dysphagia (n = 4), severe pneumonia and septicemia (n = 2), and frozen shoulder (n = 1). Seven patients had more than one type of G3 complications. Logistic regression showed that extent of salvage ND, size of the largest node and HPV-negative disease were independent predictors for G ≥ 2 complications. Multivariable analysis showed that G ≥ 2 complications was not associated with worse OS while HPV-negative and N3-disease were independent predictors for worse survival.
Conclusions
Only 41% of patients who underwent salvage ND still had residual neck disease while 52% developed G ≥ 2 and 18% G3 complications. Although OS was not worse in these patients, accurate detection of residual neck disease is essential to spare considerable number of patients from unnecessary salvage ND with its possible complications. Patients with lymph nodes larger than 3 cm, HPV-negative disease and those treated by (modified)radical ND were at high risk of G ≥ 2 complications.
Altered Pattern of Proteolysis of Extracellular Proteins in Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment by Mining of Tryptic and N-Termini Datasets From Vitreous Humor Proteome
Authors: Sbardella Diego , Zingale Gabriele Antonio , Giammaria Sara , Pandino Irene , Placentino Luca , Ripandelli Guido , Tundo Grazia Raffaella , Grasso Giuseppe , Bocedi Alessio , Bell Peter , Rossi Tommaso 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Retinal detachment is a severe eye condition characterized by the detachment of the neurosensory retina from the retinal pigment epithelium and caused by retinal tears. Pars plana vitrectomy is the elective surgical procedure during which vitreous humor is collected. This fluid shapes the eye globe providing mechanical and nutritional support to the retina. Hence, exploring the proteome of vitreous humor isolated from subjects diagnosed with retinal detachment is supposed to help decipher the pathobiology of the disease and that of its complications, such as proliferative vitreo-retinopathy, which predispose to recurrent RD (observed in 20% of cases), a sight threatening condition. Herein, we investigated the perturbations of vitreous proteome between subjects affected by primary retinal detachment and controls by shot-gun proteomics approaches. Spectra were first searched and analyzed to identify proteome perturbations. Thereafter, starting from the hypothesis that the disease could be sustained by altered proteolytic processing of structural and non-structural elements of vitreous humor, N- and C-termini were mined to uncover endogenous proteolytic events. This search retrieved evidence of a wide repertoire of proteolytic events and proteolytic sites, either already described for proteins commonly identified also in other biological samples, or likely specific of this fluid. Comparison between the N- and C-termini landscapes and the perturbations of global proteome highlighted robust alterations of the repertoire of cleaved proteins between retinal detachment and control subjects. Strengthened by immunoblotting studies on a selection of proteins, datasets envisage that retinal detachment is characterized by unbalanced proteolysis of structural and non-structural components involved in the regulation of immune processes, proteolytic control and, in particular, angiogenesis.
Genetic diversity and population structure of Dalbulus maidis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in South America
Authors: Pozebon Henrique , Ugalde Gustavo Andrade , Stürmer Glauber Renato , Smagghe Guy , Tay Wee Tek , Arnemann Jonas Andre 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The corn leafhopper, Dalbulus maidis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and its associated corn stunt disease are considered the main production drawback currently faced by maize growers across South America, especially in Brazil. Native to Mexico and historically restricted to tropical America, the species has recently expanded its occurrence range into temperate areas of the continent, raising the need for a deeper understanding of the genetic basis driving its population dynamics. In this study, we used the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I partial gene (mtCOI) to characterize specimens of D. maidis collected in eight Brazilian sites and one Paraguayan site, and then combined our mtCOI data with previous sequences available from Argentina and Mexico to investigate genetic diversity and population structure in this important agricultural pest species. Our results revealed low genetic variability in D. maidis populations, with one potential ancestral haplotype predominating in Mexico and tropical South America (Dmai-COI-01), and a second, possible more recent one (Dmai-COI-02) standing out in temperate areas of the continent. This led to a moderate degree of population structuring, partially separating northern and southern Brazilian populations and strongly differentiating the Argentinian population from the others. The geographical range and frequency of haplotype Dmai-COI-02 suggest that its introduction might be one of the factors driving the recent expansion of D. maidis in southern Brazil, while the partial population structure detected indicates limited gene flow among macro-regions of Brazil and neighboring countries. Based on these findings, pest management programs should focus on suppressing winter survival and mid-range migration of D. maidis within a regional scale, thus reducing population pressure in maize crops.
Burden of Stroke and its Risk Factors in China from 1990 to 2021: an Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021
Authors: Yan Si-Yu , Liu Yi-Fan , Bao Xin-Jie , Wang Ren-Zhi , You Chao , Ma Lu , Tian Rui 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Stroke is the leading cause of mortality and disability in China. Comprehensive assessments of the stroke burden and the attributable risk factors remain insufficient. This study aimed to analyze the burden of strokes and stroke subtypes (ischemic stroke [IS], intracerebral hemorrhage [ICH], and subarachnoid hemorrhage [SAH]) in China during 1990 to 2021.
Methods
Extracting data from the Global Burden of Disease study (GBD) 2021, we analyzed the temporal trends of the estimated number and age-standardized rates (ASRs) of incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of stroke in China from 1990 to 2021. We further assessed the stroke burden by age, gender, sociodemographic characteristics and attributable risk factors.
Results
In 2021, China bore an enormous burden of total stroke, with ASRs of incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALYs at 204.8, 1301, 138.0, and 2648 per 100,000 persons, respectively, which were much higher than the global average and most G20 countries. From 1990 to 2021, there was a notable increase in the absolute number, with males consistently experiencing a higher burden than females. However, according to the decomposition analysis, after controlling for the effects of population growth and aging, hemorrhagic strokes manifested a substantial decrease across all measures, whereas the incidence of IS continued to rise in both genders. The predominant risk factors – high systolic blood pressure, particulate matter pollution, high low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high fasting plasma glucose, and diet high in sodium – remained relatively stable over 30 years. Additionally, smoking and alcohol consumption were more prevalent among men than women, representing the main gender difference in risk factors.
Conclusions
The incidence, prevalence, mortality and DALYs of strokes in China have consistently risen over the past three decades, particularly for IS, which mainly attributes to population aging. More efforts are needed in the future to alleviate the growing burden by preventing and controlling latent risk factors.