bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vierpunkt‐Biegeversuch für thermisch gebogenes Glas
Authors: Engelmann Michael , Bukieda Paulina , Weller Bernhard , Elstner Michael , Broich Markus , Teichmann Thomas , Kohn Jürgen , Gruber Reinhard , Wittwer Jost 
Published: January 2019

AbstractNachdem aus dem ersten Teil des Beitrags ein validiertes, numerisches Modell für das Tragverhalten zylindrisch gebogener Gläser im Vierpunkt‐Biegeversuch hervorging, zeigt dieser zweite Teil die Entwicklung eines Prüfverfahrens. Dabei wird die bestehende Methode zur Flachglasprüfung um die Möglichkeit erweitert, auch gebogene Prüfkörper mit konstantem Biegeradius in drei Spannweiten und zwei Prüfkörperbreiten zu prüfen. Die Bruchspannung im Versuch wird in der Anwendung einzig aus der Bruchlast ermittelt, wobei das geometrisch nichtlineare Verhalten der Prüfkörper, die inhomogene Hauptspannungsverteilung auf der Glasoberfläche sowie das probabilistische, spröde Materialverhalten berücksichtigt werden. Dieser Beitrag ist bereits in Anlehnung an eine Prüfnorm strukturiert und zeigt umfängliche Ergebnisse auf. Wesentlich ist die Einführung in das Effektivspannungskonzept, um die resultierenden Spannungsverläufe entlang der Glaskante und auf der Glasfläche zu analysieren und daraus Korrekturfaktoren für die Auswertung zu generieren. Ein Beispiel erläutert anschließend die Anwendung des Verfahrens auf Basis der linearen Balkentheorie und die Nutzung neu bestimmter Korrekturfaktoren für gebogenes Glas. Die Ergebnisse werden derzeit in einem Entwurf innerhalb der Normreihe EN 1288 diskutiert und sollen in absehbarer Zukunft bestehende Anwendungshindernisse thermisch gebogener Gläser zugunsten einer organischen und transparenten Architektur abbauen.
Quantitative Querschnittsstudie zur BIM‐Anwendung in Planungsbüros
Authors: Bialas Frank , Wapelhorst Vincent , Brokbals Stefanie , Čadež Ivan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBuilding Information Modeling (BIM) ist einer der Treiber für die Digitalisierung der Bauwirtschaft. Dennoch bestehen vor allem bei Planungsbüros noch Vorbehalte gegenüber der BIM‐Methodik.Zur Untersuchung des Status quo der BIM‐Anwendung in Planungsbüros wurde eine deutschlandweite Querschnittsstudie durchgeführt. Die Studienteilnehmer sind zunächst den drei Anwendergruppen „BIM‐Anwender“, „BIM‐Umsteiger“ und „BIM‐Nicht‐Anwender“ zugeordnet worden, um diese anschließend hinsichtlich ihrer Erfahrungen und Erwartungen bezüglich der BIM‐Methodik zu befragen. Dabei werden u. a. die Vorteile der BIM‐Methodik gegenüber der klassischen Planung und die Hemmnisse der BIM‐Implementierung untersucht. Daraus lässt sich Handlungs‐ und Informationsbedarf für die erfolgreiche Verbreitung der BIM‐Methodik herleiten.Die Ergebnisse der Studie zeigen bspw. auf, dass die Verbreitung der BIM‐Anwendung vom jeweiligen Leistungsbild der HOAI und der Bürogröße abhängt. Informationsbedarf seitens der BIM‐Nicht‐Anwender besteht in der Darstellung der Vorteile „Effizientere Kommunikation mit anderen Planern“ und „Effizientere Ausführungsplanung“. Außerdem besteht auch Informations‐ und Handlungsbedarf bei der öffentlichen Hand zur Einführung eines „Effizienteren (digitalen) Baugenehmigungsprozesses“. Beispiele für Hemmnisse sind „Unzureichende BIM‐Kompetenzen“, die „Fehlende BIM‐Anwendung bei Projektbeteiligten“ sowie der „Kosten‐ und Zeitaufwand zur BIM‐Implementierung“.
Identification of Antibacterial Phenolics in Selected Plant Species from Mexican Cloud Forest by Mass Spectrometry Dereplication
Authors: Ramírez‐Reyes Thalía I. , Aguilar‐Colorado Ángel S. , Murrieta‐León Diana L. , Licona‐Velázquez Laura S. , Bonilla‐Landa Israel , Durán‐Espinosa Carlos , Avendaño‐Reyes Sergio , Monribot‐Villanueva Juan L. , Guerrero‐Analco José A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFifteen plant species from a protected cloud forest (CF) in Veracruz, Mexico, were screened for their in vitro capacity to inhibit the growth of the phytopathogenic bacteria Chryseobacterium sp., Pseudomonas cichorii, Pectobacterium carotovorum and Pantoea stewartii, causal agents of damage to crops like ‘chayote’, lettuce, potato and corn. As a result, the bioactivity of Turpinia insignis and Leandra cornoides is reported for the first time against Chryseobacterium sp. and P. cichorii. In addition, 24 and 18 compounds not described for these species were dereplicated by an UPLC/MS‐MS method, respectively. The identified compounds included simple phenols, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonoids and coumarins. The antibacterial assay of 12 of them demonstrated the bacteriostatic effect of vanillin, trans‐cinnamic acid, scopoletin and umbelliferone against Chryseobacterium sp. These findings confirm for the first time the value of the CF plants from Veracruz as sources of bioactive natural products with antimicrobial properties against phytopathogenic bacteria.
Economic Evaluation and Environmental Assessment of the Shale Gas Sweetening Process
Authors: Li Weida , Zhuang Yu , Liu Linlin , Zhang Lei , Du Jian 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAn appraisal on economic and environmental performance of shale gas processing is significant for energy utilization. A framework on economic evaluation and environmental assessment of the shale gas sweetening process is proposed. The sweetening process is simulated by Aspen Plus, coupled with Claus sulfur recovery by energy integration. The economic evaluation is conducted by purchased cost curves. In environmental assessment, a hybrid life cycle inventory model is established to investigate the emissions from upstream manufacture and process operation. The results demonstrate that exhaust gas is the dominant source in carbon emission while utility consumption produces more SO2 and NOx. The study provides guidance in energy management and pollution control for shale gas plants.
Thermal Stability of Oleate‐Stabilized Gd2O2S Nanoplates in Inert and Oxidizing Atmospheres
Authors: Larquet Clément , Hourlier Djamila , Nguyen Anh‐Minh , Torres‐Pardo Almudena , Gauzzi Andrea , Sanchez Clément , Carenco Sophie 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCapping ligands play an important role in the chemistry of nanoparticles synthesized with organic surfactants. This is relevant to a number of device applications where heating may cause major modifications of crystalline nanoparticles including amorphization, surface rearrangements or sintering. Ultrathin monodisperse Ln2O2Sx oxysulfide nanoparticles (Ln=lanthanide) obtained in a mixture of oleylamine, oleic acid and 1‐octadecene show promising luminescence and light absorption properties. In view of applications, one open question concerns the thermal behavior and the role of the ligands on the thermal reactivity of the nanoparticles. In this report, we show that the thermal stability of Gd2O2Sx nanocrystals is limited because of their non‐stoichiometric composition and strongly depends on the annealing atmosphere. The sintering temperature of the nanoparticles is lower in air than in inert atmosphere because of a rapid degradation of the ligands. Annealing the nanoparticles in air enables removing the ligands without altering the nanocrystals structure. The decomposition of the Gd2O2Sx nanocrystals in inert atmosphere exhibits a complex multi‐step behavior that was precisely modeled. This work gives a comprehensive description of the stability conditions of lanthanide oxysulfide nanoparticles. It establishes the conditions for their practical use and opens the way to major improvements of the surface activity of Ln2O2S nanoparticles and related nanocrystals.
Adaptive cache policy scheduling for big data applications on distributed tiered storage system
Authors: Gu Rong , Li Chongjie , Shu Peng , Yuan Chunfeng , Huang Yihua 
Published: January 2019

SummaryMultitiered storage systems, which are made up of heterogeneous devices, are widely used in distributed environments to accelerate the I/O performance of upper big data applications. It raises new challenges in efficient data migration through smart caching mechanisms among heterogeneous storage levels, such as MEM‐SSD‐HDD. To optimize the cache policy scheduling mechanism on the distributed tiered storage architecture, we proposed a general framework with five layers, including a tiered storage system layer, a cache migration policy layer, a cache policy adaptive scheduling layer, a data access pattern layer, and a big data application layer. The framework prototype has been designed and implemented on the widely used distributed hybrid storage system named Alluxio. To meet the demands of the big data application layer, on the one hand, we designed a couple of cache eviction policies and promotion policies covering various access patterns on the cache migration policy layer (several proposed eviction policies have been adopted by the Alluxio open‐source community). On the other hand, two adaptive cache policy scheduling algorithms for selecting appropriate policies in various scenarios are designed and implemented on the cache policy adaptive scheduling layer. The scheduling algorithms are designed based on the hit ratio statistics and data access pattern model prediction, respectively. Experimental results show that the proposed cache policies are very effective for various big data applications, such as Spark SQL. The proposed cache policy scheduling algorithms with various eviction policies can improve around 20% hit ratio than that with a single eviction policy.
Synthesis and Characterization of Site‐Specific O6‐Alkylguanine DNA‐Alkyl Transferase‐Oligonucleotide Crosslinks
Authors: Ghodke Pratibha P. , Albertolle Matthew E. , Johnson Kevin M. , Guengerich F. Peter 
Published: January 2019

AbstractO6‐Alkylguanine DNA‐alkyltransferase (AGT), a DNA repair protein, can form crosslinks with DNA. The AGT‐DNA crosslinks are known to be mutagenic when AGT is heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli, as well as in mammalian cells. To understand the biological consequences, reliable access to AGT‐oligonucleotide crosslinks is needed. This article describes the synthesis and characterization of site‐specific AGT‐oligonucleotide crosslinks at the N2‐position of deoxyguanosine and N6‐position of deoxyadenosine. We developed a post‐oligomerization strategy for the synthesis of propargyl‐modified oligonucleotides. Copper‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition was used as a key step to obtain the iodoacetamide‐linked oligonucleotides, which serve as good electrophiles for the crosslinking reaction with cysteine‐145 of the active site of AGT. Trypsinization of AGT and hydrolysis of oligonucleotides, combined with analysis by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry, was utilized to confirm the nucleobase‐adducted peptides. This method provides a useful strategy for the synthesis and characterization of site‐specific DNA‐protein crosslinks, which can be further used to understand proteolytic degradation–coupled DNA repair mechanisms. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Long‐term outcome of autogenously transplanted maxillary canines
Authors: Grisar Koenraad , Nys Margaux , The Vincent , Vrielinck Luc , Schepers Serge , Jacobs Reinhilde , Politis Constantinus 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the long‐term outcome of autotransplanted maxillary canines and to investigate the influencing parameters.Seventy‐one patients (84 transplanted canines) volunteered to participate in this study. The mean follow‐up time was 21 years. In case of tooth survival and when patients were found willing for recall, teeth were investigated clinically and radiographically. Transplanted teeth were compared to the contralateral canine and scored with an aesthetic and radiographic index.The survival rate was 67.9%, considering that 27 transplanted teeth were lost before examination. The mean survival time was 15.8 years.Maxillary canine autotransplantation may have a successful outcome up to 21 years after transplantation requiring minimal patient compliance and low financial costs. The survival rate can be considered favorable realizing that autotransplantation is a treatment option in a selected group of cases.
Corporate responsibility and the social risk of new mining technologies
Authors: Keenan Julia , Kemp Deanna , Owen John 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAdvances in computing, robotics, artificial intelligence, communications, materials, and interactive technologies are disrupting the business–society interface in almost all sectors. The mining industry is projecting an overwhelmingly positive narrative about the new technologies it is investing in and is eager to promote their economic benefits. What is lacking, however, is discussion about how these technologies will be experienced by those most immediately impacted by mining: local communities. Mine–community relations are notoriously complex, and it is likely that incorporating new technologies into operations will further complicate this interface. At a minimum, responsible companies must understand the social impacts of new technologies and provide assurance that the use of these technologies will not put host communities at risk. We argue that due diligence is central to ensuring that downside social risks of new technologies are identified, understood, and managed.
Iridium‐Based Catalysts for Solid Polymer Electrolyte Electrocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Wang Chao , Lan Feifei , He Zhenfeng , Xie Xiaofeng , Zhao Yuhong , Hou Hua , Guo Li , Murugadoss Vignesh , Liu Hu , Shao Qian , Gao Qiang , Ding Tao , Wei Renbo , Guo Zhanhu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractChemical energy conversion/storage through water splitting for hydrogen production has been recognized as the ideal solution to the transient nature of renewable energy sources. Solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) water electrolysis is one of the most practical ways to produce pure H2. Electrocatalysts are key materials in the SPE water electrolysis. At the anode side, electrode materials catalyzing the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) require specific properties. Among the reported materials, only iridium presents high activity and is more stable. In this Minireview, an application overview of single iridium metal and its oxide catalysts—binary, ternary, and multicomponent catalysts of iridium oxides and supported composite catalysts—for the OER in SPE water electrolysis is presented. Two main strategies to improve the activity of an electrocatalyst system, namely, increasing the number of active sites and the intrinsic activity of each active site, are reviewed with detailed examples. The challenges and perspectives in this field are also discussed.
Making inference with messy (citizen science) data: when are data accurate enough and how can they be improved?
Authors: Clare John D. J. , Townsend Philip A. , Anhalt‐Depies Christine , Locke Christina , Stenglein Jennifer L. , Frett Susan , Martin Karl J. , Singh Aditya , Van Deelen Timothy R. , Zuckerberg Benjamin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMeasurement or observation error is common in ecological data: as citizen scientists and automated algorithms play larger roles processing growing volumes of data to address problems at large scales, concerns about data quality and strategies for improving it have received greater focus. However, practical guidance pertaining to fundamental data quality questions for data users or managers—how accurate do data need to be and what is the best or most efficient way to improve it?—remains limited. We present a generalizable framework for evaluating data quality and identifying remediation practices, and demonstrate the framework using trail camera images classified using crowdsourcing to determine acceptable rates of misclassification and identify optimal remediation strategies for analysis using occupancy models. We used expert validation to estimate baseline classification accuracy and simulation to determine the sensitivity of two occupancy estimators (standard and false‐positive extensions) to different empirical misclassification rates. We used regression techniques to identify important predictors of misclassification and prioritize remediation strategies. More than 93% of images were accurately classified, but simulation results suggested that most species were not identified accurately enough to permit distribution estimation at our predefined threshold for accuracy (<5% absolute bias). A model developed to screen incorrect classifications predicted misclassified images with >97% accuracy: enough to meet our accuracy threshold. Occupancy models that accounted for false‐positive error provided even more accurate inference even at high rates of misclassification (30%). As simulation suggested occupancy models were less sensitive to additional false‐negative error, screening models or fitting occupancy models accounting for false‐positive error emerged as efficient data remediation solutions. Combining simulation‐based sensitivity analysis with empirical estimation of baseline error and its variability allows users and managers of potentially error‐prone data to identify and fix problematic data more efficiently. It may be particularly helpful for “big data” efforts dependent upon citizen scientists or automated classification algorithms with many downstream users, but given the ubiquity of observation or measurement error, even conventional studies may benefit from focusing more attention upon data quality.
Biodesulfurization of coal using Rhodococcus erythropolis SX‐12 and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans GF: A two‐step approach
Authors: Hu Tingting , Yang Yu , Zhang Mengjun , Gao Yu , Cheng Qian , Ji Hongjie 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe sulfur of coal limits its clean utilization, while the biodesulfurization technology shows great development potential and application prospects for coal desulfurization. With a view to studying the different sulfur metabolism preferences of bacteria, two‐step bioleaching desulfurization of coal was proposed in this paper in which the organic sulfur desulfurizing bacteria and inorganic sulfur oxidizing bacteria were, respectively, used to remove sulfur from coal. An organic sulfur desulfurizing strain, Rhodococcus erythropolis SX‐12, was isolated from petroleum‐polluted soil collected from the Daqing Oilfield, which has been discovered to be capable of degrading dibenzothiophene (DBT) with an optimum temperature of 30°C and an initial pH of 7.0. Rhodococcus erythropolis SX‐12, as organic sulfur desulfurizing bacteria, were employed for the first step bioleaching desulfurization. Laboratory‐preserved Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans GF, an inorganic sulfur oxidizing strain, was applied to second step bioleaching desulfurization. After conducting two‐step bioleaching, the sulfur content of the raw coal decreased from 4.973% to 1.729% and the total desulfurization rate of 65.23% was obtained after 30‐day incubation. Therefore, the “two‐step” leaching biodesulfurization test is more likely to provide a new strategy for the process design of biodesulfurization of coal.
Autoignition of light naphtha and its surrogates in a rapid compression machine
Authors: Wang Buyu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractGasoline Compression Ignition (GCI) is a promising combustion mode to improve engine efficiency and reduce emissions. Naphtha has higher ignitability than gasoline and could be a better fuel for GCI. Understanding the autoignition behavior of naphtha is essential for the development of GCI engines. In this study, the ignition delay of light naphtha and its three surrogates, including PRF59 (59% iso‐octane and 41% n‐heptane in volume) and two three‐component surrogates composed of methyl‐cyclohexane, n‐heptane, and iso‐octane with blending ratios of 33.8%/43.2%/23% (MRF1) and 31.4%/33.3%/35.3% (MRF2) in volume were studied using a rapid compression machine. PRF59 was selected by matching the RON of light naphtha. MRF1 was composited by matching the RON and MON of light naphtha, while MRF2 was composed by matching RON and H/C. The experiments were conducted at equivalence ratio Φ = 0.5 and 1, P = 10, 20, and 30 bar, and temperature range of 665‐965 K. It was found that MRF2 best matched the first‐stage and total ignition delays of light naphtha, while PRF59 exhibited shorter first‐stage ignition delay. Although the ignition delay times of MRF1 and MRF2 were very close to each other, uncertainty analysis showed that matching RON and H/C ratio was a better method in determining the blending ratio. In addition, the MRF experiments were compared with predictions using the detailed mechanism. The mechanism showed good performance in reproducing the total ignition delay at high‐pressure conditions, but it underpredicted the ignition delay at low pressure. Also, the mechanism predicted less pronounced NTC behavior.
Understanding factors influencing home delivery in the context of user‐fee abolition in Northern Ghana: Evidence from 2014 DHS
Authors: Ganle John Kuumuori , Mahama Musah Salifu , Maya Ernest , Manu Abubakar , Torpey Kwasi , Adanu Richard 
Published: January 2019

SummaryUser‐fee exemption for skilled delivery services has been implemented in Ghana since 2003 as a way to address financial barriers to access. However, many women still deliver at home. Based on data from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey, we estimated the prevalence of home delivery and determined the factors contributing to homebirths among a total of 622 women in the Northern region in the context of the user‐fee exemption policy in Ghana. Binary and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed. Results suggest home delivery prevalence of 59% (365/622). Traditional birth attendants attended majority of home deliveries (93.4%). After adjusting for potential confounders, making less than four antenatal care visits (aOR = 2.42; CI = 1.91‐6.45; p = 0.001), being a practitioner of traditional African religion (aOR = 16.40; CI = 3.10‐25.40; p = 0.000), being a Muslim (aOR 2.10; CI = 1.46‐5.30; p = 0.042), not having a health insurance (aOR = 1.85; CI = 1.773‐4.72; p = 0.016), living in a male‐headed household (aOR = 2.07; CI = 1.02‐4.53; p < 0.01), and being unexposed to media (aOR = 3.10; CI = 1.12‐5.38; p = 0.021) significantly predicted home delivery. Our results suggest that unless interventions are implemented to address other health system factors like insurance coverage, and socio‐cultural and religious beliefs that hinder uptake of skilled care, the full benefits of user‐fee exemption may not be realized in Ghana.
Patient safety walkrounds; 5 years of experience in a developing country
Authors: Saadati Mohammad , Nouri Mahdi , Rezapour Ramin 
Published: January 2019

SummaryObjectivePatient safety walkround (PSWR) is an appropriate technique for senior managers' participation and collaboration with frontline staff to promote safety culture in hospitals. This study was conducted to assess the 5‐year PSWR experience in Shahid Mahallati Hospital in Tabriz, Iran.MethodsThis was a triangulated cross‐sectional study. All documents, instructions, reports, action plans, protocols, and verbal feedbacks on PSWRs were reviewed from 2013 to 2017. Data were extracted using goal‐driven extraction form and analyzed using Excel 2016 software.ResultsA total of 174 90‐minute PSWRs were conducted during the study period, and 1372 safety issues were identified. Work environment factors (32.5%), organization and management (18.14%), and tasks (18.07%) were the most frequent identified issues, respectively. About 75.5% of the issues were resolved through corrective interventions implementation.ConclusionsPSWRs provide a great opportunity to identify and resolve the safety issues in the hospitals. Senior managers' participation and their support of staffs opinions and innovations were reinforced through PSWRs. Moreover, it creates mutual trust and safety responsiveness at all organizational levels in the hospital.