bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracking Tumor Colonization in Xenograft Mouse Models Using Accelerator Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Hum Nicholas R. , Martin Kelly A. , Malfatti Michael A. , Haack Kurt , Buchholz Bruce A. , Loots Gabriela G. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHere we introduce an Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS)-based high precision method for quantifying the number of cancer cells that initiate metastatic tumors, in xenograft mice. Quantification of 14C per cell prior to injection into animals, and quantification of 14C in whole organs allows us to extrapolate the number of cancer cells available to initiate metastatic tumors. The 14C labeling was optimized such that 1 cancer cell was detected among 1 million normal cells. We show that ~1–5% of human cancer cells injected into immunodeficient mice form subcutaneous tumors, and even fewer cells initiate metastatic tumors. Comparisons of metastatic site colonization between a highly metastatic (PC3) and a non-metastatic (LnCap) cell line showed that PC3 cells colonize target tissues in greater quantities at 2 weeks post-delivery, and by 12 weeks post-delivery no 14C was detected in LnCap xenografts, suggesting that all metastatic cells were cleared. The 14C-signal correlated with the presence and the severity of metastatic tumors. AMS measurements of 14C-labeled cells provides a highly-sensitive, quantitative assay to experimentally evaluate metastasis and colonization of target tissues in xenograft mouse models. This approach can potentially be used to evaluate tumor aggressiveness and assist in making informed decisions regarding treatment.
The genetic landscape of 5T models for multiple myeloma
Authors: Maes Ken , Boeckx Bram , Vlummens Philip , De Veirman Kim , Menu Eline , Vanderkerken Karin , Lambrechts Diether , De Bruyne Elke 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMurine models for multiple myeloma (MM) are often used to investigate pathobiology of multiple myeloma and disease progression. Unlike transgenic mice models, where it is known which oncogene is driving MM disease, the somatic aberrations of spontaneous syngeneic 5T models of MM have not yet been reported. Here, we analyzed the copy-number alterations (CNA) and mutational landscape of 5T2, 5T33vv and 5TGM1 murine MM models using whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing. Forty four percent of the genome of 5T2 cells is affected by CNAs while this was only 11% and 17% for 5T33vv and 5TGM1 cells, respectively. We found that up to 69% of the genes linked to gain of 1q or deletion of 13q in MM patients are present as respectively gains in 5T2 cells or deletions in 5T33 and 5TGM1 cells. Exome sequencing furthermore revealed mutations of genes involved in RAS/MAPK, PI3K/AKT1 and JAK/STAT signaling, DNA damage response, cell cycle, epigenetic regulation and extracellular matrix organization. We observed a statistically significant overlap of genes mutated in the 5T models and MM patients. Overall, the genetic landscape of the 5T models is heterogeneous with a high number of aberrations involving genes in various multiple myeloma-related pathways.
Involvement of anterior and posterior corneal surface area imbalance in the pathological change of keratoconus
Authors: Kitazawa Koji , Itoi Motohiro , Yokota Isao , Wakimasu Koichi , Cho Yuko , Nakamura Yo , Hieda Osamu , Kinoshita Shigeru , Sotozono Chie 
Published: October 2018

AbstractKeratoconus (KC) is an ectatic disorder with a high prevalence rate. However, the exact cause of the disease and possible underlying mechanisms of development remain unclear. In this present study, we aimed to investigate the anterior and the posterior corneal surface area in normal, forme fruste keratoconus (FFKC), and keratoconic eyes (as a reference group) using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) in order to assess the pathological change of KC. The surface areas of the anterior or posterior cornea, and the anterior-posterior (As/Ps) ratio of corneal surface area, were measured at the central 5.0 mm-, 6.0 mm-, and 7.0 mm-diameter areas via AS-OCT, and a comparison between the normal eyes and FFKC eyes was then performed using the Mann-Whitney U test. The posterior surface area at the central 5.0 mm areas in the FFKC eyes (20.430 mm2) and KC eyes (20.917 mm2) seemed to become larger than that of normal eyes (20.389 mm2) (normal vs FFKC; P = 0.06). Moreover, the As/Ps of the corneal surface area in the FFKC eyes (0.986) and the KC eyes (0.976) was significantly smaller than that of the normal eyes (0.988) (normal vs FFKC; P < 0.01). Anterior and posterior corneal surface area imbalance may reflect keratoconic eyes at the early stage of the disease.
Evaluation of a novel cloud-based software platform for structured experiment design and linked data analytics
Authors: Juergens Hannes , Niemeijer Matthijs , Jennings-Antipov Laura D. , Mans Robert , Morel Jack , van Maris Antonius J. A. , Pronk Jack T. , Gardner Timothy S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOpen data in science requires precise definition of experimental procedures used in data generation, but traditional practices for sharing protocols and data cannot provide the required data contextualization. Here, we explore implementation, in an academic research setting, of a novel cloud-based software system designed to address this challenge. The software supports systematic definition of experimental procedures as visual processes, acquisition and analysis of primary data, and linking of data and procedures in machine-computable form. The software was tested on a set of quantitative microbial-physiology experiments. Though time-intensive, definition of experimental procedures in the software enabled much more precise, unambiguous definitions of experiments than conventional protocols. Once defined, processes were easily reusable and composable into more complex experimental flows. Automatic coupling of process definitions to experimental data enables immediate identification of correlations between procedural details, intended and unintended experimental perturbations, and experimental outcomes. Software-based experiment descriptions could ultimately replace terse and ambiguous ‘Materials and Methods’ sections in scientific journals, thus promoting reproducibility and reusability of published studies.
A stratified jet model for AGN emission in the two-flow paradigm
Authors: Vuillaume T. , Henri G. , Petrucci P.-O. 
Published: October 2018

Context.High-energy emission of extragalactic objects is known to take place in relativistic jets, but the nature, the location, and the emission processes of the emitting particles are still unknown. One of the models proposed to explain the formation of relativistic ejections and their associated non-thermal emission is the two-flow model, where the jets are supposed to be composed of two different flows, a mildly relativistic baryonic jet surrounding a fast, relativistically moving electron positron plasma. Here we present the simulation of the emission of such a structure taking into account the main sources of photons that are present in active galactic nuclei (AGNs).Aims.We try to reproduce the broadband spectra of radio-loud AGNs with a detailed model of emission taking into account synchrotron and inverse-Compton emission by a relativistically moving beam of electron positron, heated by a surrounding turbulent baryonic jet.Methods.We compute the density and energy distribution of a relativistic pair plasma all along a jet, taking into account the synchrotron and inverse-Compton process on the various photon sources present in the core of the AGN, as well as the pair creation and annihilation processes. We use semi-analytical approximations to quickly compute the inverse-Compton process on a thermal photon distribution with any anisotropic angular distribution. The anisotropy of the photon field is also responsible for the bulk acceleration of the pair plasma through the “Compton rocket” effect, thus imposing the plasma velocity along the jet. As an example, the simulated emerging spectrum is compared to the broadband emission of 3C 273.Results.In the case of 3C 273, we obtain an excellent fit of the average broadband energy distribution by assuming physical parameters compatible with known estimates. The asymptotic bulk Lorentz factor is lower than what is observed by superluminal motion, but the discrepancy could be solved by assuming different acceleration profiles along the jet.
Raman-scattered laser guide-star photons to monitor the scatter of astronomical telescope mirrors
Authors: Vogt Frédéric P. A. , Luis Álvarez José , Bonaccini Calia Domenico , Hackenberg Wolfgang , Bourget Pierre , Aranda Ivan , Bellhouse Callum , Blanchard Israel , Cerda Susana , Cid Claudia , Comin Mauro , Espinoza Contreras Marcela , Hau George , Hibon Pascale , Holzlöhner Ronald , Jaffé Yara L. , Kolb Johann , Kuntschner Harald , Madec Pierre-Yves , Mieske Steffen , Milli Julien , Opitom Cyrielle , Parraguez Diego , Romero Cristian , Selman Fernando , Schmidtobreick Linda , Smoker Jonathan , Vera Urrutia Sergio , Zins Gerard 
Published: October 2018

The first observations of laser guide-star photons that are Raman-scattered by air molecules above the Very Large Telescope (VLT) were reported in June 2017. The initial detection came from the Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) optical integral field spectrograph, following the installation of the 4 Laser Guide Star Facility (4LGSF) on Unit Telescope 4 (UT4) of the VLT. In this Letter, we delve further into the symbiotic relationship between the 4LGSF laser guide-star system, the UT4 telescope, and MUSE by monitoring the spectral contamination of MUSE observations by Raman photons over a 27-month period. This dataset reveals that dust particles deposited on the primary and tertiary mirrors of UT4, which are responsible for a reflectivity loss of ∼8% at 6000 Å, contribute (60 ± 5)% to the laser line fluxes detected by MUSE. The flux of Raman lines, which contaminates scientific observations that are acquired with optical spectrographs, thus provides a new, non-invasive means to monitor the evolving scatter properties of the mirrors of astronomical telescopes that are equipped with laser guide-star systems.
Solar radio emission as a disturbance of aeronautical radionavigation
Authors: Marqué Christophe , Klein Karl-Ludwig , Monstein Christian , Opgenoorth Hermann , Pulkkinen Antti , Buchert Stephan , Krucker Säm , Van Hoof Rudiger , Thulesen Peter 
Published: October 2018

On November 4th, 2015 secondary air traffic control radar was strongly disturbed in Sweden and some other European countries. The disturbances occurred when the radar antennas were pointing at the Sun. In this paper, we show that the disturbances coincided with the time of peaks of an exceptionally strong (∼105 Solar Flux Units) solar radio burst in a relatively narrow frequency range around 1 GHz. This indicates that this radio burst is the most probable space weather candidate for explaining the radar disturbances. The dynamic radio spectrum shows that the high flux densities are not due to synchrotron emission of energetic electrons, but to coherent emission processes, which produce a large variety of rapidly varying short bursts (such as pulsations, fiber bursts, and zebra patterns). The radio burst occurs outside the impulsive phase of the associated flare, about 30 min after the soft X-ray peak, and it is temporarily associated with fast evolving activity occurring in strong solar magnetic fields. While the relationship with strong magnetic fields and the coherent spectral nature of the radio burst provide hints towards the physical processes which generate such disturbances, we have so far no means to forecast them. Well-calibrated monitoring instruments of whole Sun radio fluxes covering the UHF band could at least provide a real-time identification of the origin of such disturbances, which reports in the literature show to also affect GPS signal reception.
Anesthesia Risk and the Mucopolysaccharidoses: A Challenging and Changing Landscape
Authors: Walker Robert , Garbarino James 
Published: October 2018

The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are well known to present a high risk of anesthesia. Predominantly, this risk is not only related to upper airway issues but also to multilevel airway obstruction, respiratory morbidity, and cardiac issues. Before disease-specific treatment became available, the management of the untreated patients with MPS was regarded as the worst airway problem in pediatric anesthetic practice. The last 20 to 30 years have seen great advances in the treatment of the different types of MPS with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) being offered to children with MPS I Hurler sundrome since the 1980s, and more recently enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) becoming available for many MPS subtypes.These treatments have undoubtedly affected the relative risk involved with an anesthetic. HSCT improves markedly the upper airway and cardiac myocardial function and there is evidence that airway management is much more straightforward. ERT, on the other hand, improves obstructive sleep apnea and exercise tolerance, but the overall effect on the risk of anesthesia is less obvious and airway complications during anesthesia remain at a high level. The impact of improved anesthetic management in the same time frame is borne out by a reduced failed intubation rate in the literature.The management of the MPS patients necessitates a multidisciplinary approach presently widely practiced in pediatric centers, but successful modes of therapy increasing their life span have pushed many of the extreme anesthetic challenges into adult practice where most anesthetists will be unfamiliar with the problem. This is a problem that needs to be addressed, and solutions to this issue could be collaborative working between pediatric and adult practitioners or an international network of experts available for advice.
Mucopolysaccharidoses and Orthopedic Management (Focused also on Craniocervical Junction)
Authors: Lampe Christina , Lampe Christian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) are multisystemic, chronic progressive, heterogeneous, and life-threatening diseases, involving severely the musculoskeletal system, in particular in MPS I, II, IV, VI, VII, and less prevalent in MPS III. Accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in soft tissues, such as ligaments, tendons, and joint capsules, as well as in cartilage, and bone lead to orthopedic complications: joint stiffness, contractures, and skeletal deformities, resulting in hip dysplasia, genua valga, feet deformities, kyphoscoliosis, narrowing of the spinal canal, atlantoaxial instability, carpal tunnel syndrome, trigger finger, and growth retardation. These complications significantly reduce the quality of life due to impaired mobility, loss of independency, and pain. Compression of the cervical spinal cord is also life threatening. According to the progressive nature of MPSs, musculoskeletal symptoms worsen over time and surgical intervention may be inevitable. However, due to the increased anesthesia risk of MPSs, surgical intervention has to be evaluated carefully by a multidisciplinary team. Additionally, due to the rarity of the diseases, not many standards or recommendations are available to determine the indication of a surgical intervention, so each intervention must be decided individually, based on the few data available. In addition, conservative treatment should be taken into consideration. Physiotherapy, pain medication, insoles, orthosis, braces, corsets, and special footwear play a pivotal role. Unfortunately, the skeletal tissues are poorly vascularized and enzyme replacement therapy does not have much effect on them. It is important to detect and observe musculoskeletal complications in the regular follow-up visits, in particular the life-threatening compression of the cervical spinal cord.
Exercise and Air-Travel–Induced Alterations in Blood Hemostasis
Authors: Kupchak Brian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHemostasis is the ability of the body to control blood loss following vascular injury. The process is composed of a complex array of pathways made up of the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems that allow the fluid blood to clot after injury and then the subsequent breakdown of the clot, permitting repair of the injured tissue. Studies to date have shown exercise to be a stimulating factor in both the coagulation and fibrinolytic pathways. Additionally, air travel has been shown to be a risk factor for thrombosis. However, few studies have examined the combination of exercise and air travel on hemostasis, despite documented evidence of venous thrombotic episodes in the sports and endurance (marathon/triathlon) communities. This review summarizes and analyzes the literature with regard to (1) acute and chronic exercise, (2) air travel, and (3) exercise and air travel. In addition, the review examines confounding variables that may contribute to coagulation and strategies to prevent blood clot formation after exercise and during air travel.
Clinical Results after Combined Distal Femoral Osteotomy in Patients with Patellar Maltracking and Recurrent Dislocations
Authors: Frings Jannik , Krause Matthias , Akoto Ralph , Frosch Karl-Heinz 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to analyze the clinical results after treatment of patellofemoral instability and maltracking caused by torsional or axial deformities of the lower extremity by combined distal femoral osteotomies (DFOs). We analyzed 31 DFOs (25 patients) with patellar maltracking and instability, treated in our clinic. Torsional angles and the leg axis in the frontal plane were measured preoperatively. Standardized scoring systems were determined pre- and postoperatively including a clinical examination. Nineteen cases of torsional and 12 cases of axis deformities were evaluated 27 (12–64) months postoperatively. Among those with torsional deformity, mean femoral torsion was –39.0 ± 8.8 degrees, tibial tuberosity to trochlear groove (TT-TG) 20.3 ± 4.5 mm. We performed 19 torsional (+11.4 ± 2.4 degrees) DFOs with medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) augmentation (n = 19), tibial tuberosity transfer (n = 14, 10.9 ± 6.0 mm), varus (n = 4, 3.3 ± 1.0 degrees), or valgus (n = 1, 7.0 degrees) correction. Among valgus deformities, the leg axis was 6.7 ± 2.3 degrees valgus and TT-TG 19.3 ± 5.0 mm. We performed 12 medially closing-wedge DFOs (7.6 ± 2.8 degrees) with MPFL augmentation (n = 12) and tibial tubercle transfer (n = 9, 11.4 ± 7.3 mm). Visual analogue pain scale improved from 6.2 to 1.5 (p = 0.000), Kujala score from 45.0 to 81.5 (p = 0.000), Lysholm score from 40.3 to 83.9 (p = 0.000), and Tegner score from 2.1 to 3.9 (p = 0.000). Preoperative cartilage damage significantly influences the postoperative functional outcome (Lysholm score) (p = 0.026) as well as the improvement in terms of the Kujala score (p = 0.045) in the overall collective. No redislocation was observed. Patellofemoral maltracking and instability in torsional and axis deformities can successfully be treated by combined DFOs with excellent clinical results. The coexistence of risk factors for patellar instability requires a combination of additional procedures to complement the osteotomy. Preoperative cartilage lesions significantly influence the clinical outcome.
Risk of Ischemic Placental Disease in Relation to Family History of Preeclampsia
Authors: Ananth Cande , Jablonski Kathleen , Myatt Leslie , Roberts James , Tita Alan , Leveno Kenneth , Reddy Uma , Varner Michael , Thorp John , Mercer Brian , Peaceman Alan , Ramin Susan , Carpenter Marshall , Samuels Philip , Sciscione Anthony , Tolosa Jorge , Saade George , Sorokin Yoram ,   for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network
Published: October 2018

Objective To assess the risk of ischemic placental disease (IPD) including preeclampsia, small for gestational age (SGA), and abruption, in relation to preeclampsia in maternal grandmother, mother, and sister(s).
Study Design We performed a secondary analysis of data from a randomized trial of vitamins C and E for preeclampsia prevention. Data on family history of preeclampsia were based on recall by the proband. The associations between family history of preeclampsia and the odds of IPD were evaluated from alternating logistic regressions.
Results Of the 9,686 women who delivered nonmalformed, singleton live births, 17.1% had IPD. Probands provided data on preeclampsia in 55.5% (n = 5,374) on all three family members, 26.5% (n = 2,562) in mother and sister(s) only, and 11.6% (n = 1,125) in sister(s) only. The pairwise odds ratio (pOR) of IPD was 1.16 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00–1.36) if one or more of the female relatives had preeclampsia. The pORs of preeclampsia were 1.54 (95% CI: 1.12–2.13) and 1.35 (95% CI: 1.03–1.77) if the proband's mother or sister(s) had a preeclamptic pregnancy, respectively, but no associations were seen for SGA infant or abruption.
Conclusion This study suggests that IPD may share a predisposition with preeclampsia, suggesting a familial inheritance.
Association between Gestational Weight Gain Adequacy and Adverse Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes
Authors: Chen Han-Yang , Chauhan Suneet 
Published: October 2018

Objectives To estimate the prevalence of gestational weight gain (GWG) adequacy according to the 2009 guidelines, and to examine the association between GWG adequacy and the adverse outcomes, stratified by prepregnancy body mass index (BMI).
Study Design A retrospective cohort study, using the 2011 to 2013 U.S. linked birth/infant death datasets, restricted to nonanomalous singleton live births at 37 to 41 weeks. The adverse outcomes included composite maternal morbidity (CMM), composite neonatal morbidity (CNM), and neonatal and infant mortalities. We used multivariable Poisson's regression models with robust error variance to examine the association between GWG adequacy and adverse outcomes.
Results Of 8,656,791 singleton live births, 20, 32, and 48% had inadequate, adequate, and excessive GWG, respectively. After multivariable regression adjustment, compared with adequate GWG, excessive GWG had 1.10 (1.08–1.13) and 1.12 (1.10–1.14) times higher risk of CMM and CNM, respectively; similar findings were observed in BMI subgroups. Compared with adequate GWG, inadequate GWG had 1.14 (1.03–1.26) and 1.12 (1.07–1.18) times higher risk of neonatal and infant mortalities, respectively. Similar results were noted among women with normal weight.
Conclusion Excessive GWG was associated with an increased risk of CMM and CNM, while inadequate GWG was associated with a higher risk of neonatal and infant mortalities.