bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impaired interactions among white‐matter functional networks in antipsychotic‐naive first‐episode schizophrenia
Authors: Fan Yun‐Shuang , Li Zehan , Duan Xujun , Xiao Jinming , Guo Xiaonan , Han Shaoqiang , Guo Jing , Yang Siqi , Li Jiao , Cui Qian , Liao Wei , Chen Huafu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSchizophrenia has been conceptualized as a disorder arising from structurally pathological alterations to white‐matter fibers in the brain. However, few studies have focused on white‐matter functional changes in schizophrenia. Considering that converging evidence suggests that white‐matter resting state functional MRI (rsfMRI) signals can effectively depict neuronal activity and psychopathological status, this study examined white‐matter network‐level interactions in antipsychotic‐naive first‐episode schizophrenia (FES) to facilitate the interpretation of the psychiatric pathological mechanisms in schizophrenia. We recruited 42 FES patients (FESs) and 38 healthy controls (HCs), all of whom underwent rsfMRI. We identified 11 white‐matter functional networks, which could be further classified into deep, middle, and superficial layers of networks. We then examined network‐level interactions among these 11 white‐matter functional networks using coefficient Granger causality analysis. We employed group comparisons on the influences among 11 networks using network‐based statistic. Excitatory influences from the middle superior corona radiate network to the superficial orbitofrontal and deep networks were disrupted in FESs compared with HCs. Additionally, an extra failure of suppression within superficial networks (including the frontoparietal network, temporofrontal network, and the orbitofrontal network) was observed in FESs. We additionally recruited an independent cohort (13 FESs and 13 HCs) from another center to examine the replicability of our findings across centers. Similar replication results further verified the white‐matter functional network interaction model of schizophrenia. The novel findings of impaired interactions among white‐matter functional networks in schizophrenia indicate that the pathophysiology of schizophrenia may also lie in white‐matter functional abnormalities.
Probe‐based fluorescence dosimetry of an antibody‐dye conjugate to identify head and neck cancer as a first step to fluorescence‐guided tissue preselection for pathological assessment
Authors: Nishio Naoki , van Keulen Stan , van den Berg Nynke S. , Lu Guolan , LaRochelle Ethan P. , Davis Scott C. , Martin Brock A. , Fakurnejad Shayan , Zhou Quan , Birkeland Andrew C. , Kaplan Michael J. , Divi Vasu , Colevas A. Dimitrios , Pogue Brian W. , Rosenthal Eben L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundDespite the rapid growth of fluorescence imaging, accurate sampling of tissue sections remains challenging. Development of novel technologies to improve intraoperative assessment of tissue is needed.MethodsA novel contact probe‐based fluorescence dosimeter device, optimized for IRDye800CW quantification, was developed. After evaluation of the device in a phantom setup, its clinical value was defined ex vivo in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma who received panitumumab‐IRDye800CW.ResultsTen patients were enrolled with a total of 216 data points obtained. Final histopathology showed tumor in 119 spots and normal tissue in 97 spots. Fluorescence‐to‐excitation ratios in tumor tissue were more than three times higher than those in normal tissue. The area under the curve was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.81‐0.91) for tumor detection.ConclusionsFluorescence‐guided tissue preselection using a fluorescence dosimeter could have substantial impact on tissue sampling for frozen section analysis and potentially reduce sampling errors.
Upregulated NPM1 is an independent biomarker to predict progression and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinomas in Taiwan
Authors: Peng Hsin‐Hui , Ko Hui‐Hsin , Chi Nai‐Chi , Wang Yi‐Ping , Lee Hsiang‐Chieh , Pan Pei‐Yao , Kuo Mark Yen‐Ping , Cheng Shih‐Jung 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundNucleophosmin/nucleoplasmin family 1 (NPM1) has broad physiological functions, such as DNA replication, transcription, ribosome biogenesis, and centrosome replication. This study explored the clinicopathological importance of NPM1 as a prognostic marker for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).MethodsWe collected specimens from 96 OSCC, 45 oral epithelial dysplasia (OED), and 29 normal oral mucosa (NOM). NPM1 expression was analyzed via immunohistochemistry. Correlations between NPM1and clinical parameters were analyzed using Student t test, chi‐squared test, and Kaplan‐Meier product‐limit method.ResultsThe NPM1 labeling indices (LIs) were significantly higher in OSCCs than in NOM and oral OED. Higher NPM1 expression was significantly correlated with larger tumor size, nodal metastasis, and advanced clinical stage. Multivariate analysis revealed that higher NPM1 LIs were an unfavorable independent factor for survival.ConclusionsUpregulated NPM1 is an independent biomarker of poor prognosis and NPM1 inhibitors may be promising in molecular targeted therapy against OSCC.
Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Prevents Liver Fibrosis Through Inhibiting Hepatic Bile Acid Synthesis and Enhancing Bile Acid Excretion in Mice
Authors: Liu Yunhuan , Chen Kefei , Li Fengyuan , Gu Zelin , Liu Qi , He Liqing , Shao Tuo , Song Qing , Zhu Fenxia , Zhang Lihua , Jiang Mengwei , Zhou Yun , Barve Shirish , Zhang Xiang , McClain Craig J. , Feng Wenke 
Published: October 2019

Background and Aims
Cholestatic liver disease is characterized by gut dysbiosis and excessive toxic hepatic bile acids (BAs). Modification of gut microbiota and repression of BA synthesis are potential strategies for the treatment of cholestatic liver disease. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects and to understand the mechanisms of the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) on hepatic BA synthesis, liver injury, and fibrosis in bile duct ligation (BDL) and multidrug resistance protein 2 knockout (Mdr2−/−
) mice.

Approach and Results
Global and intestine‐specific farnesoid X receptor (FXR) inhibitors were used to dissect the role of FXR. LGG treatment significantly attenuated liver inflammation, injury, and fibrosis with a significant reduction of hepatic BAs in BDL mice. Hepatic concentration of taurine‐β‐muricholic acid (T‐βMCA), an FXR antagonist, was markedly increased in BDL mice and reduced in LGG‐treated mice, while chenodeoxycholic acid, an FXR agonist, was decreased in BDL mice and normalized in LGG‐treated mice. LGG treatment significantly increased the expression of serum and ileum fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF‐15) and subsequently reduced hepatic cholesterol 7α‐hydroxylase and BA synthesis in BDL and Mdr2−/−
mice. At the molecular level, these changes were reversed by global and intestine‐specific FXR inhibitors in BDL mice. In addition, LGG treatment altered gut microbiota, which was associated with increased BA deconjugation and increased fecal and urine BA excretion in both BDL and Mdr2−/−
mice. In vitro studies showed that LGG suppressed the inhibitory effect of T‐βMCA on FXR and FGF‐19 expression in Caco‐2 cells.

Conclusion
LGG supplementation decreases hepatic BA by increasing intestinal FXR–FGF‐15 signaling pathway–mediated suppression of BA de novo synthesis and enhances BA excretion, which prevents excessive BA‐induced liver injury and fibrosis in mice.
Cardiovascular Risk Categories in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and the Role of Low‐Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol
Authors: Labenz Christian , Prochaska Jürgen H. , Huber Yvonne , Nagel Michael , Straub Beate K. , Wild Philipp , Galle Peter R. , Schattenberg Jörn M. 
Published: October 2019

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The current analysis expands the knowledge on atherogenic lipid profiles in NAFLD by modeling changes in low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) and total cholesterol (TC) in a prospectively enrolling real‐life study cohort to inform physicians on the cardiovascular (CV) event risk based on these changes. A total of 304 patients with histologically confirmed NAFLD were included (mean age, 52 years; equal sex distribution). Of these, 129 (42.4%) patients exhibited a NAFLD activity score ≥4 and 186 (61.2%) had at least intermediate fibrosis ≥F2. The median TC levels were 209 mg/dL (interquartile range [IQR], 183, 239), LDL‐C 131 mg/dL (IQR, 103, 152), and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) 45 mg/dL (IQR, 38, 52). Only 16.9% of patients received lipid‐lowering therapy. According to the LDL/HDL ratio, 69 (23.7%) patients exhibited a high CV risk. The 10‐year CV event risk according to the Framingham risk score (FRS) was low in 91 (41.2%), intermediate in 59 (26.7%), and high in 71 (32.1%) patients and higher in the ≥F2 NAFLD population. A moderate increase in LDL‐C levels by 20 mg/dL led to a transition of 20% of patients into the high‐risk group when assessing the LDL/HDL ratio. According to the FRS, 6 (2.7%) patients moved from low to intermediate and 11 (4.9%) from intermediate to high CV risk. Conclusion: Patients with NAFLD exhibit a substantial CV event risk and are frequently undertreated with lipid‐lowering medication. Moderate increases in LDL‐C would result in worsening of the CV event risk in approximately 7.8% of all patients without a history of CVD.
Sonochemical Functionalization of Cotton and Non‐Woven Fabrics with Bio‐Inspired Self‐Assembled Nanostructures
Authors: Khadeja Lialy , Grigoriants Irena , Halperin‐Sternfeld Michal , Yona Aviv , Adler‐Abramovich Lihi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCotton and non‐woven fabrics are commonly used for medical applications such as wound dressing. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in developing functionalized fabrics that allow the sustained release of active molecules for large‐scale production. However, several limitations of currently used technologies restrict the ability to form durable fabrics with functional coatings. Herein, using a sonochemical process, we successfully deposited diphenylalanine (FF) peptide nanotubes on cotton and non‐woven fabrics. FF peptide nanotubes were loaded with curcumin, an antimicrobial and anti‐inflammatory agent. The structure of the fabric decorated with nanotubes was studied by electron microscopy, and the sustained release of curcumin was demonstrated using absorbance measurements. Sonication duration was positively correlated with the deposition of the nanotubes onto the fabrics’ fibers as well as the retention of the curcumin within the FF nanotubes. These results suggest that the sonochemical process may be used for large‐scale fabrication of functionalized commercial fabrics.
Spectral characteristics of caries autofluorescence obtained from different locations and caries severities
Authors: Ro Jung Hoon , Bang John J. , Kim Yong‐Il , Lee Dong‐Joon , Ko Ching‐Chang , Garcia‐Godoy Franklin , Kwon Yong Hoon 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDental caries usually occurs at interproximal and occlusal surfaces. The purpose of the present study was to determine if characteristic spectral factors extracted from autofluorescence (AF) spectra are informative regarding caries detection and the determination of caries stage as compared with DIAGNOdent results. AF spectra were obtained from caries lesions of different severities at two locations using a 405 nm laser. Three spectral factors, that is, spectral slope at 550 to 600 nm, spectral area under the curve at 500 to 590 nm and two‐peak ratio between 625 and 667 nm, were extracted. The values of three spectral factors linearly decreased as caries progressed. According to micro‐CT images, conventional visual and tactile inspections of lesions under or overestimated (25%‐65%) caries states, and brown or thickly stained layer on interproximal or occlusal surfaces, respectively, caused misclassifications of caries stage. Of the spectral factors examined, spectral slope and area under curve for interproximal and occlusal surfaces, respectively, were found to be significantly related to caries stage and showed least data overlap. For interproximal and occlusal surfaces, DIAGNOdent readings of different stages overlapped considerably though their mean values were significantly different regardless of stage.
Quality assessment of cryopreserved biospecimens reveals presence of intact biomolecules
Authors: Pansare Kshama , Pillai Divya , Parab Saili , Singh Saurav R. , Kannan Sadhana , Ludbe Madan , Hole Arti , Murali Krishna C. , Gera Poonam 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRecapitulation of tumor features in isolated biomolecules is preeminently dependent on obtaining reliable quality biospecimen. Moreover, quality assessment of biobanked specimens at regular intervals is an essential intervention for carrying out effective translational and clinical research. In the current study, genomic DNA was extracted from 140 fresh frozen tissues of oral, breast and colorectal specimens cryopreserved over a period of 3 to 8 months (short term) and 3 to 4 years (long term). Quantification of genomic DNA by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy confirmed high concentration while qualitative analysis by gel electrophoresis showed intact bands for 94% and 87% of short‐ and long‐term cohorts, respectively. PC‐LDA based classification of Raman spectra showed overlapping groups of both cohorts suggesting the quality of DNA being preserved irrespective of storage period. To the best of our knowledge this is the first Indian biobank study reporting quality analysis of biospecimens cryopreserved at different time periods.
Preparation and characteristics of electrospinning PTH‐Fc/PLCL/SF membranes for bioengineering applications
Authors: Yin Lihua , Zhu Yidan , He Miaomiao , Chang Yaoren , Xu Fangfang , Lai Hong‐Chang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAlveolar bone loss is always a big challenge for oral implant placement. Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is one of the solutions to fix this problem. Among all the factors, the barrier membrane plays a key role in this technology. At present, lack of the osteoinductivity remains the biggest weakness for clinical application. Focusing on this, we tried to fabricate an osteoinductive three‐dimensional (3D) nanofiber membrane with drug releasing system by introducing parathyroid hormone (PTH)‐Fc into the poly(lactic acid‐co‐caprolactone) PLCL/SF solution for electrospinning. The characteristics were determined by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, contact angle measurement, and mechanical strength. According to the optimum parameters tested, we proceed to the in vitro experiments. Drug release and matrix degradation profiles of electrospinning fibers were investigated. Cell morphology was observed and cell proliferation was analyzed after bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) were seeded. The results showed favorable physical and chemical properties and good biocompatibility of these 3D nanofibers. The effect on the BMMSCs suggested the drug releasing promoted osteogenic differentiation of cells stably. This study exhibited a promising method of GBR oeteoinductive membrane fabrication. The bone reconstruction will be benefited from the osteogenic differentiation positive drug releasing system.
Collagen and bone morphogenetic protein‐2 functionalized hydroxyapatite scaffolds induce osteogenic differentiation in human adipose‐derived stem cells
Authors: Linh Nguyen T. B. , Abueva Celine D. G. , Jang Dong‐Woo , Lee Byong‐Taek 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSurface modification is one important way to fabricate successful biocompatible materials in bone tissue engineering. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) materials have received considerable attention as suitable bioceramics for manufacturing osseous implants because of their similarity to bone mineral in terms of chemical composition. In this study, the surface of porous HAp scaffold was modified by collagen treatment and bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) conjugation. The surface modification did not affect the HAp scaffold's bulk properties. No significant difference in compressive strength was found among different scaffolds, with HAp, collagen modified HAp, and collagen–BMP‐2‐functionalized HAp having compressive strengths of 45.8 ± 3.12, 51.2 ± 4.09, and 50.7 ± 3.98 MPa, respectively. In vitro studies were performed to compare adhesion and osteogenic differentiation between human adipose‐derived stem cells (hADSCs) with modified surfaces and those unmodified HAp surfaces. Collagen or BMP‐2 alone was insufficient and that both collagen and BMP‐2 are necessary to get the desired results. The findings suggest the possibility of using three‐dimensional HAp scaffold treated with gold‐standard collagen coating and highly researched BMP‐2 growth factor as a platform to deliver hADSCs. Results of this study could be used to develop treatment strategy for regenerating completely transected models using more synergistic approaches.
The sex parameter in estimation of total blood volume for pediatric erythrocytapheresis
Authors: Colavita Daniela , Kim Haewon C. , Friedman David F. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesEstimation of the total blood volume (TBV) is fundamental to the control of automated red cell exchange (RCE). Error in the TBV estimate can produce outcomes that deviate from the prescribed targets, and may endanger the patient. Both the Spectra Optia and the COBE Spectra use the Nadler formulae to estimate TBV. There is a potential for large overestimates of TBV when the Nadler formula for males is applied to prepubertal boys.Materials and MethodsThis study uses our large clinical experience with RCE to examine procedure outcomes when RCE in prepubertal boys is programed with the female parameter instead of male. We determined the differences between programmed and measured values for three outcomes: (a) Programmed End Hematocrit − Post spun HCT by Hemata Stat II, (b) Programmed End Hematocrit − Post CBC HCT, and (c) Predicted Post Hgb S+C − Measured Post Hgb S+C. We defined the experimental group as Male‐Female, where the biological sex was male but programmed sex was female, and two control groups where programmed and biological sex were the same.ResultsSmall but statistically significant differences were demonstrated between the mean programmed‐to‐observed deviations of these outcome measures in all but two group and subgroup comparisons; however, the absolute magnitudes of the observed differences were not clinically significant. The suggested weight cutoff to begin programming males as male is 35 kg.ConclusionThe study provides experiential validation that performing RCE in prepubertal boys using the female parameter is safe.
What is the role of the board‐level technology committee?
Authors: Harrast Steven A. , Swaney Amy M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe board‐level technology committee (TC) could play a significant role in enterprise risk management. Unfortunately, only about 10 % of public companies have chartered such a committee. There is evidence that the TC mitigates the negative market reaction to data breaches (Higgs et al. 2016), suggesting that investors expect TCs to control operational IT risk—the risk associated with technology that facilitates the company's core operations, including external risk such as data breaches. Based on a review of 50 existing TC charters, we find that TCs today focus instead mainly on strategic risk—the risk associated with strategic product technology development—with under half of TCs including operational risk management in their charters. We see this as a potential disconnect between stakeholder expectations of risk management and company delivery on that expectation.
Understanding the patient population and test utilization for hepatitis B virus testing
Authors: Choi Rihwa , Oh Yejin , Park Seungman , Lee Sang Gon , Lee Eun Hee 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a global concern with different epidemiologies due to several factors including migration, vaccination policies, and new antiviral treatment regimens. It is important to understand the characteristics of a patient population, including the prevalence of diseases, and to assess test utilization to understand and evaluate the clinical performance of laboratory tests and to improve the quality of clinical laboratories.Materials and methodsIn this study, we evaluated serologic and virologic laboratory tests including hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis B surface antibody, hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg), hepatitis B envelope antibody, and HBV DNA in Korean adults who were exposed to HBV.ResultsDuring the 1‐year study period, we obtained 22 750 specimens from 17 523 adult Korean patients (>18.0 years; 9894 males and 7629 females) with a median age of 50.1 years (interquartile range, 42.2‐58.2 years). Among them, five serologic and virologic laboratory tests were performed for 1340 (5.9%) specimens from 1172 adult Korean patients (>18.0 years; 647 males and 525 females) with a median age of 46.8 years (range, 19.0‐84.5 years). The prevalence of serologic and virologic tests indicating several clinical situations was evaluated. The correlation coefficient between HBV DNA and HBeAg was ρ = 0.85 (P < .0001). However, 51.9% (695/1340) of samples did not show agreement between the two test results.ConclusionsAnalysis of the prevalence of patients categorized into five serologic and virologic laboratory results would be helpful to expand our knowledge about patient population characteristics and to improve test utilization.
Congenital pulmonary airway malformation associated with mosaic Klinefelter syndrome
Authors: Holubyeva Anastasiya , Bracero Luis A. , Feuerstein Jessica L. , Bush Steven 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA 26‐year‐old female, G4 P2012 presented for an anatomy scan at 18 weeks. Multiple macrocysts were seen in the left fetal lung, which lead to a diagnosis of congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) type II. A fetal MRI examination performed at 24 weeks of gestation confirmed the diagnosis of CPAM type II. A genetic amniocentesis was done to rule out a fetal chromosomal abnormality and the fetus was found to have mosaic Klinefelter syndrome. Fetal CPAM is not usually associated with chromosomal abnormalities unless there are other fetal malformations present. This is the first known case where a fetus with CPAM and no other malformation was found to have mosaic Klinefelter syndrome. Therefore, we believe it is prudent to offer prenatal diagnostic testing whenever a fetus with CPAM is identified with ultrasound.