bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The alkaliphilic side ofStaphylococcus aureus
Authors: Vaish Manisha , Jereen Amyeo , Ali Amall , Krulwich Terry Ann 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe genome ofStaphylococcus aureushas eight structurally distinctcation/protonantiporters (CPA) that play significant roles in maintaining cytoplasmic pH and ions in extreme conditions. These antiporters enableS. aureusto persist under conditions that are favorable to the bacterium but unfavorable to animal host including humans. In this study, we report physiological roles and catalytic properties of NhaC (NhaC1, NhaC2 and NhaC3), CPA1 (CPA1-1 and CPA1-2) and CPA2 family antiporters and how these antiporters crosstalk with Mnh1, a CPA3 family antiporter, recently shown to play important roles in virulence and pH tolerance. Catalytic properties of antiporters were determined by Na+/H+and K+/H+antiport assays using everted membrane vesicles of a CPA-deficientE. coliKNabC host. NhaC and CPA1 candidates exhibited Na+/H+and K+/H+antiporter activity in the pH range between pH 7 to 9.5 but did not show significant role in halotolerance and osmotolerance alone. Interestingly, NhaC3 exhibited significant antiporter activity at alkaline pH and play major roles in pH and salt tolerance. CPA2 neither exhibited Na+or K+/H+exchange nor showed any active role in pH and salt tolerance. Double deletion ofmnhA1withnhaC1, nhaC3, cpa1-1 or cpa1-2respectively, madeS. aureusseverely sensitive at pH 7.5 under stress conditions indicating synergistic relationship of Mnh1 with these antiporters. The functional loss study of these antiporters inin-vivomouse infection model,nhaC3deletion showed significant loss ofS. aureusvirulence. Altogether, the current study indicates NhaC3 as a potential target againstS. aureusvirulence under extreme pH and salt conditions.ImportanceIn this study, we established catalytic properties and physiological roles ofS. aureusNhaC, CPA1 and CPA2 family antiporters and their importance under salt and alkaline stress conditions. Except CPA2, all five antiporters of both families were active for Na+/H+and K+/H+exchange. CPA1-1 showed significant role in pH homeostasis at pH 7.5 whereas CPA1-2 and NhaCs were major contributors to halotolerance and osmotolerance at alkaline pH. The severity of growth deficit in double knockouts ofmnhA1with each ofnhaC1, nhaC2, nhaC3, cpa1-1orcpa1-2establishes their synergistic relationship in regulating pH and salt homeostasis. Deletion ofcpa1-1, cpa1-2andnhaC1, nhaC2, andnhaC3were assessed in mice model and NhaC3 was shown to play a major role inS. aureusvirulence.
Directed robust generation of functional retinal ganglion cells from Müller glia
Authors: Xiao Dongchang , Qiu Suo , Huang Xiuting , Zhang Rong , Lei Qiannan , Huang Wanjing , Chen Haiqiao , Gou Bin , Tie Xiaoxiu , Liu Sheng , Liu Yizhi , Jin Kangxin , Xiang Mengqing 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGlaucoma and optic neuropathies cause progressive and irreversible degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and the optic nerve and are currently without any effective treatment. Previous research into cell replacement therapy of these neurodegenerative diseases has been stalled due to the limited capability for grafted RGCs to integrate into the retina and project properly along the long visual pathway to reach their brain targets. In vivo RGC regeneration would be a promising alternative approach but mammalian retinas lack regenerative capacity even though cold-blood vertebrates such as zebrafish have the full capacity to regenerate a damaged retina using Müller glia (MG) as retinal stem cells. Nevertheless, mammalian MG undergo limited neurogenesis when stimulated by retinal injury. Therefore, a fundamental question that remains to be answered is whether MG can be induced to efficiently regenerate functional RGCs for vision restoration in mammals. Here we show that without stimulating proliferation, the transcription factor (TF) Math5 together with a Brn3 TF family member are able to reprogram mature mouse MG into RGCs with exceedingly high efficiency while either alone has no or limited capacity. The reprogrammed RGCs extend long axons that make appropriate intra-retinal and extra-retinal projections through the entire visual pathway including the optic nerve, optic chiasm and optic tract to innervate both image-forming and non-image-forming brain targets. They exhibit typical neuronal electrophysiological properties and improve visual responses in two glaucoma mouse models:Brn3bnull mutant mice and mice with the optic nerve crushed (ONC). Together, our data provide evidence that mammalian MG can be reprogrammed by defined TFs to achieve robust in vivo regeneration of functional RGCs as well as a promising new therapeutic approach to restore vision to patients with glaucoma and other optic neuropathies.
A framework for design methods, models and techniques for product and process development
Authors: Sanhueza Karen Scarlette , Nikulin Christopher 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to address the emerging need to map knowledge and information with a novel classification, suitable to have a clear and integrated overview of the design method, models and techniques from both the sides of product and process. The proposed classification allows to understand main relevance of different design methods, models and techniques according their characteristic and also level in where company usually applied.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors decided to structure the research into three steps: from the analysis of background literature, in order to draw the main evidences for the development of a novel classification, to their application. First, the papers search related to collect the different methods used in literature. Second, paper characterization which aims to understand main traits and usefulness of design methods, models and tools. Third, the assessment of design methods, models and tools according proposed classification.

Findings
Each method, model or technique would be more useful according to the context in which is applied. Most of methods and modes can be continuously improving, considering different sub-classification or complement each other, striving to compensate to the extent possible for weakness in any one of the approaches.

Research limitations/implications
The proposed classification did not deliver absolute results in every analyzed model or techniques, it delivered a wide range of possibilities in every sub-classification, thus the engineers get multiple options to choose depending on its main goal or the available resources.

Originality/value
The author’s proposal aims at filling a classification gap in the design method literature, which has to plausible in use. The different alternatives can be represented according to a scalable and hierarchical logic embedding also a more structured evaluation of the methods and tools in practice.
The impact of perceived justice on satisfaction and behavioral intentions in service encounters – a comparison and validation study
Authors: Carrillo Irma Magaña , Svensson Göran , Neira María del Carmen Otero 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to test a research model based on the cause-and-effect relationships between perceived justice, service satisfaction and behavioral intention.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper is based on a questionnaire survey with service receivers in the Mexican telecom industry.

Findings
There are significant relationships between international/distributive justice and service satisfaction, as well as between service satisfaction and behavioral intention.

Research limitations/implications
The research model tested appears not to be context- and time-specific, but valid across contexts and through time.

Practical implications
The cause-and-effect relationships between perceived justice, service satisfaction and behavioral intention provide useful insights into service recovery strategies.

Originality/value
This paper provides additional empirical substantiations to existing theory and previous studies.
Brazilian apartheid: racism and segregation in Salvador, Brazil
Authors: Rotondano Ricardo Oliveira 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyse empirically the racial relations of segregation of the black population in the city of Salvador, Brazil, which built according to a subtle model of the construction of differentiated spaces for the white population and the black population in the city.

Design/methodology/approach
The methodology used for the construction of this manuscript was that of the action research, through the insertion of the researcher within the field of study, obtaining observational perceptions of the inhabited place and collecting reports of the research subjects inserted in the field of study.

Findings
The present research obtained as final results the explicit characterisation of a veiled and subtle model of racial segregation imposed on the black population of the city of Salvador, manifesting the clear prejudice of the white population and also a state racism directed to the oppressed black population.

Originality/value
The originality of the research consists in the fact that there is no research modality within Brazil for the analysis of historical apartheid policies. The Brazilian state, in this sense, appears within the current framework of academic research as a clear incentive and propagator of governmental actions that corroborate the maintenance of the exclusionary city system, which separates the black and white population in differentiated social spaces.
Fame and fortune, or just fun? A study on why people create content on video platforms
Authors: Törhönen Maria , Sjöblom Max , Hassan Lobna , Hamari Juho 
Published: August 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the motivations behind online video content creation on services such as YouTube and Twitch. These activities, performed by private individuals online, have become increasingly monetized and professionalised through the accessible tools provided by video sharing services, which has presented a noteworthy manifestation of the increasing merger of the work and leisure within digital environments and the emergence of a hybrid form of work and play, playbour.Design/methodology/approachThe data for the study were collected using an online survey of 377 video content creators and it was analysed via structural equation modelling.FindingsThe findings of the study indicate that although the practice of video content creation is becoming more commercialised and professionalised, the extrinsic motivations, often associated with work (e.g. income, prestige), remain less significant drivers for content creation than intrinsic motivations (e.g. enjoyment, socialisation), which are associated with leisure activities.Originality/valueThis study offers insight into how the authors have begun to reorganise the position in the new digital labour culture, where monotonous tasks are increasingly automated, allowing room for intrinsically driven playful labour to develop within the leisure activities.
Impacts of user interactions on trust development in C2C social commerce
Authors: Leung Wilson K.S. , Shi Si , Chow Wing S. 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to understand the effect of two types of reciprocity (restricted reciprocity and generalized reciprocity) on customers’ trust in social commerce (s-commerce) and trust performance (purchase intention and word-of-mouth intention). Furthermore, this study examines how individual and contextual moderators (personal shopping experience and community shared language) could impact the trust development process.

Design/methodology/approach
This study adopted a survey method and obtained data from 287 users in a customer-to-customer (C2C) s-commerce platform. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the research hypotheses.

Findings
The results demonstrate that two types of reciprocity positively affect trust in s-commerce. Customers’ trust performance is significantly affected by trust in s-commerce. Additionally, shopping experience in s-commerce is found to positively moderate the relationship between restricted reciprocity and trust in s-commerce.

Research limitations/implications
The findings help to understand the nature and role of reciprocity in influencing trust and trust-related behaviors in the context of C2C s-commerce. The research also helps to explore the individual and contextual moderators that impact the effect of reciprocity on trust development.

Practical implications
The results offer a comprehensive view of trust building strategies for s-commerce practitioners, including shoppers, vendors and managers of s-commerce platforms.

Originality/value
This study is among the first few research studies that offers a theory-based conceptualization of reciprocity in C2C s-commerce and provides empirical support for the impact of reciprocity on customers’ trust in C2C s-commerce. In addition, this study devises a broader view of reciprocity based on restricted and generalized exchange principle to represent the interaction of vendor–shopper and shopper–shopper, respectively.
Global brands in sports: identifying low-risk business opportunities
Authors: Aguiar-Noury Alice , Garcia-del-Barrio Pedro 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to accomplish several goals. First, it studies the relevance of the sports sector as part of the entertainment industry. Second, it identifies promising markets within the sports industry, paying special attention to the relative importance of soccer in the context of team-sport leagues. Finally, the paper helps entrepreneurs to recognized market opportunities in the sports industry by identifying the soccer clubs that were found to be low-risk global brands.

Design/methodology/approach
To evaluate the relevance of the entertainment and sports industries, both in the USA and EU-28, the authors rely on their respective contribution to the domestic product and to employment. Two procedures are proposed for establishing the status of global sport leagues: one is based on the annual revenues and the other on the degree of interest that the public shows for each professional sport league. (The latter is performed by comparing the intensity with which internet users search for contents related to each of the Top-10 sports leagues worldwide.) Finally, by estimating the fixed effects of a model in which sport performance is filtered out, we calculate the expected low-risk revenues that clubs generate due to their heterogeneous brand value.

Findings
This paper reaches some few relevant results. First, we find that the greater employment opportunities in the European sport industry are concentrated in the UK, Spain, France and Germany, which may orientate entrepreneurs to start projects in promising sport markets. Then, data on annual revenues is used to rank the main team-sport leagues worldwide: NFL, MLB, NBA, Premier League and NHL. Another rank is based on the degree of interest of fans (as captured by Google Trends) yields a different result, where the NFL, NBA and the UEFA Champions League are, respectively, at command. Besides, the paper also ranks clubs as valuable assets by identifying which of them are low-risk soccer brands. The empirical study provides insights to select business opportunities by targeting the less-risky clubs or leagues, by calculating the expected annual revenues of clubs regardless of their recent sports performances.

Originality/value
This paper is innovative in two ways. First, it develops an analysis based on Google Trends to establish the comparative status of team-sport leagues worldwide. Second, by adopting an original empirical approach, it identifies markets and brands to carry out low-risk entrepreneurial projects. The expected potential revenues derived from this procedure are not contingent to the risk due to poor sport achievements in a particular season. To our knowledge, researchers have not computed in the past such calculations as that we name here low-risk revenues.
Techniques for the identification of organizational knowledge management requirements
Authors: Giraldo Sobeida Margarita , Aguilar Luis Joyanes , Giraldo Lillyana María , Toro Iván Darío 
Published: August 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the requirements of organizational knowledge management initiatives using requirements engineering techniques, identifying the optimal techniques configuration and serving as a management tool for knowledge engineers.Design/methodology/approachThe method is selection attributes. Knowledge management enablers are characterized and mapped with the coverage capabilities of requirements engineering techniques, using the attributes of the elicited object and a box-plot analysis. The information is gathered from 280 references, 32 companies and 16 experts in requirements engineering.FindingsRequirements of organizational knowledge management initiatives are got optimally by combining interviews, use cases, scenarios, laddering and focus group techniques. The requirements of structure and processes are more complex to identify, while culture requirements are the best covered.Research limitations/implicationsKnowledge management enablers are analyzed according to the current studies and comprehension of engineering techniques.Practical implicationsKnowledge engineers need to consider the coverage capabilities of engineering techniques to design an optimal requirement identification and meet the objectives of organizational knowledge acquisition initiatives. Requirement engineers can improve the requirements identification by a staged selection process.Social implicationsThe requirements of knowledge management initiatives that impact the community can be identified and traced to ensure the knowledge objectives. Requirements related to culture and people, like shared values, beliefs, and behaviors, are also considered.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study about formal requirement identification of knowledge management initiatives in the organizational context, providing the optimal configuration. A novel staged process is proposed for requirements engineering techniques selection, analyzing the enablers at component level and identifying the attributes associated with the elicited object.
Experimental and computational simulations for the effect of new Arylfuranylnicotinamidine derivatives against degradation of carbon steel in acid solutions
Authors: Fouda Abdelaziz S. , Ismail Mohamed A. , Abou-shahba Rabab M. , Hussein Walaa A. , El-habab Esraa S. , Abousalem Ashraf S. 
Published: August 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate three Arylfuranylnicotinamidine derivatives against corrosion of carbon steel (C-steel) in 1.0 M HCl by chemical and electrochemical means. The inhibition efficiency (%IE) increases with increasing the dose of inhibitors. The tested compounds exhibited improved performance at elevated temperature, with %IEreaching 93 percent at 21 µM. Tafel polarization method revealed that the tested compounds act as mixed-type inhibitors. The inhibition action was rationalized due to chemical adsorption of inhibition molecules on C-steel surface following Temkin’s isotherm. Surface examination was carried out by AFM and FTIR techniques. Further, theoretical chemical approaches were used to corroborate the experimental findings.Design/methodology/approachExperimental and computational methods were applied to investigate the efficiency of these new compounds. These studies are complemented with spectral studies and surface morphological scan by AFM. The theoretical results indicate good correlation with experimental findings.FindingsThe tested derivatives are promising corrosion inhibitors for C-steel in the acid environment. The molecular scaffold of this class of compounds can be used to design new highly efficient inhibitors by screening its activity by modeling studies.Originality/valueThe studied compounds are safe inhibitors and greatly adsorbed on Fe surface. The action of compounds is enhanced with temperature, which means these compounds can be used in higher temperature systems. The new compounds are effective at very low concentration.
Shifts in woody plant defence syndromes during leaf development
Authors: Barton Kasey E. , Edwards Kyle F. , Koricheva Julia 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Herbivores target young leaves in forests world‐wide. How this strong and predictable selection pressure has shaped plant defence syndromes remains unclear. Specifically, whether young leaf herbivory has led to general global patterns of shifting leaf defences during leaf development (i.e. ontogenetic trajectories) remains unknown but likely.

Using meta‐analysis, we have synthesized developmental shifts in chemical, physical and indirect defence traits, as well as leaf nutrient content, during leaf expansion and maturation across 124 woody plant species. Leaf traits were compared for immature young leaves vs. mature leaves within studies, and these developmental shifts were then compared across studies to characterize general patterns.

Traits shifted strongly during leaf maturation, giving rise to discrete defence syndromes, with young leaves having significantly greater nutrient and secondary chemistry concentrations but reduced toughness and indirect defence traits than mature leaves. These patterns corroborate a growing consensus on the importance of ontogeny in plant defences, illustrating ontogenetic trajectories at the scale of leaves.

Trait developmental shifts were stronger in species with synchronous than asynchronous leaf flushing, but whether this reflects variation across biomes remains unclear.

Future research on under‐studied traits, such as alkaloids, cyanogenesis, leaf phosphorus content and indirect defence traits, and in a more biogeographic context will provide additional insights into the generality of shifts in defence syndromes during leaf development.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
No energetic cost of tuberculosis infection in European badgers (Meles meles)
Authors: Barbour Katie , McClune David W. , Delahay Richard J. , Speakman John R. , McGowan Natasha E. , Kostka Berit , Montgomery W. Ian , Marks Nikki J. , Scantlebury David M. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Energy availability and energy use directly influence an organism's life history, fitness and ecological function. In wild animals, abiotic factors such as ambient temperature, season and rainfall, and biotic factors such as body mass, age, social group size and disease status, all potentially influence energy balance.

Relatively few studies have examined the effects of disease on the energy expenditure of wild animals. Such studies could further our understanding of factors influencing the transmission of zoonotic diseases. The European badger (Meles meles) is a medium‐sized carnivore that occurs in mixed‐sex, familial groups across much of its range. In the UK, they are a protected species but are also involved in the epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis (TB) in cattle.

We measured the daily energy expenditure (DEE) and resting metabolic rate (RMR) of wild badgers and related this to their TB infection status and a range of other interacting factors including season, group size, disease status, sex, age, body mass and body fat.

Individuals were larger and fatter when they were older, and fatter during the winter. Males were also heavier than females during the summer. In addition, individuals from smaller groups that were exposed to TB tended to have lower body mass.

There were no direct effects of disease status on DEE or RMR; however, there was a significant interaction whereby DEE increased with body mass in small groups but decreased with body mass in large groups.

Results are consistent with the costs of TB infection being met by compensatory mechanisms enabling badgers to survive for extended periods without exhibiting measurable energetic consequences.