bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of 10-week swimming and bosu exercises on dynamic balance parameter in 8-10 years old boys
Authors: Kılınç Hilal , Temur Hacı Bayram , Mollaoğulları Hacalet 
Published: September 2019

Bu çalışma 8-10 yaş arası erkek çocuklarda yüzme egzersiz ve bosu çalışmalarının dinamik dengeye etkisini incelemek amacıyla yapıldı. Yaşları ortalaması 8,9333±,78492 yıl olan 30 katılımcı veli ve antrenörlerinden gönüllü katılımları ile ilgili aydınlanmış̧ onamları alınarak çalışmaya dahil edildi. Bunların 20' si egzersiz grubu diğer 10'u da kontrol grubudur. Egzersiz grubunun en az 1 yıl yüzme eğitimi almış olmalarına ve haftada 3 gün düzenli olarak yüzme antrenmanı yapıyor olmalarına dikkat edildi. Egzersiz grubu rastgele yöntemle 2 gruba ayrıldı. Birinci gruba yüzme ve bosu çalışmaları, ikinci gruba ise sadece yüzme egzersizleri yaptırıldı. Bu çalışma 10 hafta süreyle uygulandı. Katılımcıların antropometrik ölçümler ile dinamik denge ölçümleri planlanan antrenman programı öncesi ve sonrası olmak üzere iki defa alındı. Çalışma Van Olimpik yüzme havuzunda uygulandı. Verilerin analizinde SPSS 21 paket programı kullanıldı. Analizler sonucunda yüzme eğitimi alan grubun A (Anterior), PM (Posteromedial) ve PL (Posterolateral) ön test - son test ölçüm değerleri arasında anlamlı (p<0,01) fark olduğu saptandı. Yine yüzme ve bosu eğitimi alan grubun PM ve PL ön test - son test ölçüm değerleri arasında anlamlı (p<0,01) fark olduğu belirlendi. Seçilmiş değişkenlerin ön test- son test ölçüm değerleri arasındaki farkların gruplar arasında anlamlı (p<0,05) bir farklılığın olmadığı görüldü.
​Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.

Özet
This study was carried out to investigate the effect of swimming exercise and bosu studies on dynamic equilibrium in 8-10 years old boys. They were included in the study by taking their enlightened consent about their voluntary participation from 30 participants parents and coaches with an average age of 8,9333 ±, 78492 years. 20 of them were exercise group and 10 of them were control group. The exercise group had at least 1 year of swimming training and swimming training 3 days a week was paid attention to be doing regularly. The exercise group was randomly divided into two groups. The first group had swimming and bosu exercises and the second group had only swimming exercises. This study was performed for 10 weeks. The participants' anthropometric measurements and dynamic balance measurements were taken twice before and after the planned training program. The work was carried out at the Olympic swimming pool in Van. SPSS 21 package program was used to analyze the data. As a result of the analyzes, it was found that there was a significant difference (p<0.01) between the A (Anterior), PM (Poateromedial) and PL (Poaterolateral) pre-test and post-test measurements of the swimming group. It was determined that there was a significant difference (p <0.01) between the PM and PL pretest - posttest measurements of the group receiving swimming and bosu training. There was no significant difference (p <0.05) between the pre-test and post-test values ​​of the selected variables.
Geometric estimates for complex Monge–Ampère equations
Authors: Fu Xin , Guo Bin , Song Jian 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We prove
uniform gradient and diameter estimates for a family of geometric complex Monge–Ampère equations. Such estimates can be applied to study geometric regularity of singular solutions of complex Monge–Ampère equations. We also prove a uniform diameter estimate for collapsing families of twisted Kähler–Einstein metrics on Kähler manifolds of nonnegative Kodaira dimensions.
Utilizing Rasch analysis to establish the psychometric properties of a concept inventory on concepts important for developing proficiency in organic reaction mechanisms
Authors: Nedungadi Sachin , Paek Sue H. , Brown Corina E. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Undergraduate organic chemistry has been found to be historically difficult for students and one area where students struggle is organic reaction mechanisms. The difficulties students face with reaction mechanisms has been a source of interest in chemical education research but most studies done have been purely qualitative. An assessment tool that could be used on a large-scale for instructors to gauge the difficulties their students face, would be useful. The aim of this pilot study is to use Rasch analysis to establish the validity and reliability of the concepts important for developing proficiency in organic reaction mechanisms inventory (RMCPI). The test, containing 25 items, was administered to first semester organic chemistry students (N = 44) at a mid-sized university. The data was analyzed using Rasch techniques to explore the dimensionality of the instrument, the difficulty of the items, the item fit, and the reliability. The results indicate that the instrument is unidimensional and most of the items fit well to the dichotomous Rasch model. The test was found to be difficult and this will be explored further by increasing the sample size, administering the test to students from other universities and increasing the number of items on the inventory.
Dynamic absorption efficiency of paracetamol powder in microwave drying
Authors: Zhai Di , Zhang Fucheng , Wei Cong , Shang Xiaobiao , Chen Junruo , Liu Meihong , Peng Jinhui 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In microwave drying technology, research into the dynamic absorbing properties of the powder is indispensable. In this study, the reflection loss coefficient of paracetamol powder under different temperature, water content, and thickness was calculated based on the principle of electromagnetic wave transmission. The results show that the absorption performance of powder fluctuates dynamically with a series of absorption peaks, and the position of the absorption peak shifts toward the smaller thickness direction as the water content increases or the temperature rises. Because of the influence of the powder thickness on absorbing efficiency, the powder thickness should be adjusted in real time to increase drying efficiency. This study provides the thickness range for which the absorption performance of paracetamol powder under different conditions is over 99%. This study is of great significance for understanding the drying mechanism and optimizing process parameters for microwave drying of pharmaceutical powder.
The relationship between, burnout, personality, and emotional intelligence in clown doctors
Authors: Dionigi Alberto 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDespite increasing interest in healthcare clowning, especially to evaluate its effectiveness in a large variety of settings, no investigations have been oriented toward exploring the potential risks associated with burnout in clown doctors. This paper aims to investigate the relationship between personality traits, emotional intelligence, and burnout and to predict the burnout levels of 160 Italian clown doctors. The multiple linear regression findings showed that the best predictor for emotional exhaustion was neuroticism and for personal accomplishment were consciousness and emotional intelligence, while no correlations were found between the variables taken into account and depersonalization. These findings highlighted how specific personality traits are linked to different dimensions of job burnout and were discussed in the context of clown doctors’ burnout.
Alternative Tempering of Sugar-Free Dark Chocolates by βv Seeding: Sensorial, Micro-Structural and Some Physical Properties and Volatile Profile
Authors: Toker Omer Said , Oba Sirin , Palabiyik Ibrahim , Rasouli Pirouzian Haniyeh , Konar Nevzat , Artik Nevzat , Sagdic Osman 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this study, sugar-free dark chocolate was produced from isomalt and maltitol by βV seeding technique as an alternative to conventional tempering process. The effect of βV seed concentrations on the particle size distribution, textural, rheological and melting properties of the end products was studied, and the results were compared with those of conventional sugar-free dark chocolates. For this aim, conched dark chocolates were melted and crystallized with βV seeds added at different concentrations (0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9 and 1.0 %, m/m). Conventional tempering process was performed by using temper machine (47–27–32 °C). Brightness, chroma, whiteness index and tetramethyl pyrazine content (as marker compounds of dark chocolate volatile compound) were not influenced by seeding technique compared to conventional tempering method. The water activity of the dark chocolate samples was substantially affected by βV seed level according to used bulk sweetener. However, all the values were determined below 0.4 which is critical limit for chocolate. Regarding overall acceptability, sugar-free dark chocolates tempered by βv seeds had very close scores compared with conventional one, implying that sugar-free chocolates can be produced by βv crystals with desired quality characteristics similar to conventional samples. Results of this study showed that it is possible to produce sucrose-free dark chocolates by using βV seeds with desired quality similar to chocolate produced by using conventional tempering.
On the Efficiency of Electrochemical Devices from the Perspective of Endoreversible Thermodynamics
Authors: Marsik Frantisek , Weigand Bernhard , Tomas Martin , Tucek Ondrej , Novotny Pavel 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The current work presents a concept that deals with the production of entropy generated by non-equilibrium processes in consequence of mass and energy transfer. The often used concept of endoreversible thermodynamics is based on the non-realistic conjecture that the entire entropy production is realized at the system boundary. In this contribution, an open system in a thermodynamically non-equilibrium state is assumed. Production of entropy is generated due to non-equilibrium processes accompanied by energy conversion. The steady state of the system is maintained by a negative entropy flux. The conclusions for expansion energy conversion, i. e., thermal machines, confirm the general outcomes of the endoreversible thermodynamics. However, the presented conclusions related to non-expansion energy conversion offer a new perspective on the principle of minimum entropy production and the corresponding stability conditions at steady state. The analysis of the energy conversion in closed cycles is presented for fuel cells, i. e., non-expansion energy conversion. The efficiency of the energy conversion is maximal at zero power output. Moreover, the efficiency of the fuel cells, and consequently the efficiency of all non-expansion energy conversion processes, depends on the load and then the maximal possible efficiency can be determined.
Placental elasticity assessment by point shear wave elastography in pregnancies with intrauterine growth restriction
Authors: Akbas Murat , Koyuncu Faik M. , Artunç-Ulkumen Burcu 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Placental elasticity varies in different diseases. Our objective was to evaluate placental elasticity using point shear wave elastography (pSWE) in pregnancies with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).

Methods
A total of 66 pregnant women with IUGR and 81 healthy pregnant women were enrolled. Placental elasticity was measured using the transabdominal pSWE method. Ten measurements were made, and the mean was accepted as the mean placental elasticity value in each case. The results for IUGR pregnancies and controls were compared.

Results
The mean pSWE values were significantly higher in pregnancies with IUGR, which means that women with IUGR have stiffer placentas (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the pSWE values were significantly and positively correlated with Doppler indices and adverse perinatal outcomes.

Conclusion
The pregnancies with IUGR had stiffer placentas than the healthy controls. The utilization of pSWE for placental elasticity may be useful in the diagnosis and management of IUGR as a supplement to the existing ultrasonography methods.
The origin of amniotic fluid monocytes/macrophages in women with intra-amniotic inflammation or infection
Authors: Gomez-Lopez Nardhy , Romero Roberto , Leng Yaozhu , Xu Yi , Slutsky Rebecca , Levenson Dustyn , Pacora Percy , Jung Eunjung , Panaitescu Bogdan , Hsu Chaur-Dong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundMonocytes, after neutrophils, are the most abundant white blood cells found in the amniotic cavity of women with intra-amniotic inflammation/infection. However, the origin of such cells has not been fully investigated. Herein, we determined (1) the origin of amniotic fluid monocytes/macrophages from women with intra-amniotic inflammation/infection, (2) the relationship between the origin of amniotic fluid monocytes/macrophages and preterm or term delivery and (3) the localization of monocytes/macrophages in the placental tissues.MethodsAmniotic fluid samples (n = 16) were collected from women with suspected intra-amniotic inflammation or infection. Amniotic fluid monocytes/macrophages were purified by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and DNA fingerprinting was performed. Blinded placental histopathological evaluations were conducted. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect CD14+ monocytes/macrophages in the placental tissues.ResultsDNA fingerprinting revealed that (1) 56.25% (9/16) of amniotic fluid samples had mostly fetal monocytes/macrophages, (2) 37.5% (6/16) had predominantly maternal monocytes/macrophages and (3) one sample (6.25% [1/16]) had a mixture of fetal and maternal monocytes/macrophages. (4) Most samples with predominantly fetal monocytes/macrophages were from women who delivered early preterm neonates (77.8% [7/9]), whereas all samples with mostly maternal monocytes/macrophages or a mixture of both were from women who delivered term or late preterm neonates (100% [7/7]). (5) Most of the women included in this study presented acute maternal and fetal inflammatory responses in the placenta (85.7% [12/14]). (6) Women who had mostly fetal monocytes/macrophages in amniotic fluid had abundant CD14+ cells in the umbilical cord and chorionic plate, whereas women with mostly maternal amniotic fluid monocytes/macrophages had abundant CD14+ cells in the chorioamniotic membranes.ConclusionAmniotic fluid monocytes/macrophages can be of either fetal or maternal origin, or a mixture of both, in women with intra-amniotic inflammation or infection. These immune cells could be derived from the fetal and maternal vasculature of the placenta.
Crystal structure of (acetic acid-κ1
O)-bis(μ2-2-chlorobenzoato-κ2
O:O′)-(2-chlorobenzoato-κ1
O)-(μ2-hydroxy-κ2
O:O)-bis(1,10-phenanthroline-κ2
N,N′)dimanganese(II) — methanol (1/1), C48H37Cl3Mn2N4O10
Authors: Li Feng 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
C48H37Cl3Mn2N4O10, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 12.759(3) Å, b = 19.347(5) Å, c = 18.945(5) Å, β = 97.321(5)°, V = 4638(2) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0432, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1196, T = 298(2) K.
The dialogue between died and viable cells: in vitro and in vivo bystander effects and 1H-NMR-based metabolic profiling of soluble factors
Authors: Panzarini Elisa , Vergallo Cristian , Fanizzi Francesco Paolo , Mariano Stefania , Tata Ada Maria , Dini Luciana 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The bystander effect (BE) is an important biological phenomenon that induces damages in distant and not directly affected by a chemical/physical stress cells. This effect, well known in ionizing radiation treatment, relies on reactive signals released by exposed cells and transmitted via cell–cell interaction or culture medium. In this study, cycloheximide (CHX)-induced apoptotic U937 cells and untreated THP-1 cells were chosen to investigate the chemical-induced BE. The effects of apoptotic U937 cells culture medium, Conditioned Medium (CM), on THP-1 cells were evaluated by morphological and immunohistochemical analysis performed by light microscopy; 1D 1H and 2D J-resolved (JRES) NMR metabolomic analysis has been used to characterize the molecules involved in the BE. In summary, this study indicates that: CM of CHX-treated U937 cells induces a time-dependent induction of toxicity, probably apoptotic cell death, and macrophagic differentiation in THP-1 cells; CM contains different metabolites respect fresh culture medium; CM recruits in vivo activated fibroblasts, endothelial cells, macrophages and mononuclear inflammatory cells in rat calf muscles. These data suggest that CHX exposed cells could cause BE through the release, during the apoptotic process, of soluble factors into the medium that could be exploited in anticancer protocols.
Müssen wir Russland besser verstehen lernen? Eine kritische Auseinandersetzung mit den Argumenten für eine neue Russlandpolitik
Authors: Adomeit Hannes 
Published: September 2019

Zusammenfassung
In jüngster Zeit mehren sich die Stimmen in Deutschland, die eine Aufhebung der Sanktionen gegen Russland verlangen. Begründet wird diese Forderung unter anderem mit dem Argument, dass Russland missverstanden werde. Die „Mainstream“-Medien bauten ein „Feindbild Russland“ auf. Präsident Vladimir Putin werde verunglimpft und „dämonisiert“. Seine ausgestreckte Hand werde zurückgewiesen. Die Fortsetzung der gegenwärtigen Russland-Politik beinhalte die Gefahr des Ausbruchs eines Dritten Weltkriegs. Es sei infolgedessen notwendig, russische Sicherheitsinteressen endlich angemessen zu berücksichtigen und eine Politik des Interessenausgleichs und der Vertrauensbildung einzuschlagen. In diesem Artikel geht es darum, die Kernargumente der Kritiker westlicher Russland-Berichterstattung, Forschung und Politik zu beleuchten und zu fragen, wie wirklichkeitsgetreu und stichhaltig diese tatsächlich sind und welche Folgerungen sich daraus für eine realistische Russland-Politik ergeben.
Die Stärke schwacher VerfahrenZur verfahrensförmigen Entdramatisierung von Perspektivendifferenzen im Kontext der Organspende
Authors: Nassehi Armin , Saake Irmhild , Barth Niklas 
Published: September 2019

ZusammenfassungWenn die Soziologie auf die Praxis der postmortalen Organspende schaut, dann stößt sie auf die Dominanz medizinischer Gründe, die sie über das Verständigungsideal des gelungenen und guten Diskurses zu kontrollieren versucht. Mit der Sichtbarkeit anderer guter Gründe für oder gegen die Organallokation gestaltet sich die Organspende aber grundlegend als ein Problem von Perspektivendifferenzen. Unsere Analysen von Wortprotokollen des Deutschen Ethikrats (ER) folgen einer verfahrenssoziologischen Interpretation. Während das Verständigungsideal desguten Diskursesvor allem darauf zielt, über eine partizipative Debatte die Geltung medizinischer Gründe zu schwächen, gelingt es der Praxisschwacher Verfahren(Scheffer) hingegen, (medizinische) Entscheidungen über die Sichtbarkeit von Perspektivendifferenzen mit einem Reflexionspotential für andere gute Gründe auszustatten.
Helfen und Reziprozität. Freiwilliges Engagement für Geflüchtete im ländlichen Raum
Authors: Wagner Greta 
Published: September 2019

ZusammenfassungFreiwillige, die sich im ländlichen Raum in der Unterstützung für Geflüchtete engagieren, verfolgen damit häufig kein politisches transformatives Ziel, sondern wollen vor allem helfen. Aber welche Reziprozitätserwartungen verbinden sich mit dem Helfen? In einer gabentheoretischen Perspektive und auf der Basis qualitativer Daten werden hier Dimensionen von Reziprozität aus den Erzählungen der Freiwilligen rekonstruiert. Hierbei zeigt sich, dass direkte Reziprozität zwischen Freiwilligen und Geflüchteten vor allem auf der symbolischen Ebene stattfindet und mit dem Helfen auch das Bestreben verbunden ist, auf die Überzeugungen der Geflüchteten einzuwirken. Insbesondere die Verbindung von als wohltätig verstandenem Helfen mit Versuchen normativer Beeinflussung birgt die Gefahr einer Missachtung von deren Selbstbestimmung. Möglichkeiten die symbolische Ungleichheit zwischen Freiwilligen und Geflüchteten zu reduzieren, liegen in Formen generalisierter Reziprozität.
Chemogenetic Silencing of Prelimbic Cortex to Anterior Dorsomedial Striatum Projection Attenuates Operant Responding
Authors: Shipman Megan L. , Johnson Gregory C. , Bouton Mark E. , Green John T. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOperant (instrumental) conditioning is a laboratory analog for voluntary behavior and involves learning to make a response for a reinforcing outcome. The prelimbic cortex (PL), a region of the rodent medial prefrontal cortex, and the dorsomedial striatum (DMS), have been separately established as important in the acquisition of minimally-trained operant behavior. Despite dense anatomical connections between the two regions, experimenters have only recently linked projections from the PL to the posterior DMS (pDMS) in the acquisition of an operant response. Yet, it is still unknown if these projections mediate behavioral expression, and if more anterior regions of the DMS (aDMS), which receive dense projections from the PL, are also involved. Therefore, we utilized designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) to test whether or not projections from the PL to the aDMS influence the expression of operant behavior. Rats underwent bilateral PL-targeted infusions of either a DREADD virus (AAV8-hSyn-hM4D(Gi)-mCherry) or a control virus (AAV8-hSyn-GFP). In addition, guide cannulae were implanted bilaterally in the aDMS. Rats were tested with both clozapine-N-oxide (CNO) (DREADD ligand) and vehicle infusions into the aDMS. Animals that had received the DREADD virus, but not the control virus, showed attenuated responding when they received CNO microinfusions into the aDMS, compared to vehicle infusions. Patch clamp electrophysiology verified the inhibitory effect of CNO on DREADDs-expressing PL neurons in acute brain slices. GFP-expressing control PL neurons were unaffected by CNO. The results add to the recent literature suggesting that connections between the PL and aDMS are important for the expression of minimally-trained operant responding.