bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of recirculation and separation times on nitrogen removal in baffled membrane bioreactor (B-MBR)
Authors: Miyoshi T. , Tsumuraya T. , Nguyen T. P. , Kimura K. , Watanabe Y. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of recirculation and separation times on removals of organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus in a baffled membrane bioreactor (B-MBR) treating real municipal wastewater. A pilot-scale B-MBR experimental apparatus was operated under two different sets of recirculation and separation times. The results revealed that, irrespective of operating conditions, the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and concentration of total nitrogen (T-N) in the treated water can be lowered to less than 3 and 5 mg/L, respectively. Although T-N was effectively removed in the two different operating conditions, increase in the fraction of recirculation time results in tiny deterioration of nitrogen removal efficiency in the B-MBR. Phosphorus removal efficiency was also slightly decreased as the fraction of recirculation time (ratio between recirculation and separation times) was increased. The results of the measurement of dissolved oxygen (DO) profiles at different points of the B-MBR apparatus indicate that the increase in DO concentration in the anoxic zone of the B-MBR becomes much more pronounced by increasing recirculation intensity. On the basis of the results obtained in this study, it can be concluded that efficient removal of BOD, T-N, and total phosphorus can be achieved by the B-MBR as long as appropriate recirculation intensity is selected.
Midterm Results of Cementless Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Case Series
Authors: Stempin Radosław , Stempin Kacper , Kaczmarek Wiesław , Dutka Julian 
Published: June 2018

Background:There is an ongoing debate about whether to use cementless or cemented fixation for Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA).Objective:The study aimed to assess midterm survivorship of the Vanguard cementless system, and to demonstrate the utility of the Bone Hardness Test (BHT) for the selection of cementless fixation TKA.Methods:From September 2009 through November 2014, 123 total knee arthroplasties were completed, with cementless Vanguard Cruciate Retaining TKA in 110 knees (102 patients) and cemented Vanguard in 13 cases (12 patients). Implant fixation was based on intraoperative assessment of posterior cruciate ligament stability, bone quality, and BHT. All patients with a cementless Vanguard implant were eligible for this retrospective study. Preoperative and postoperative Knee Society Score and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index were obtained. Standardized standing anteroposterior and lateral radiographs were taken.Results:Three patients (4 TKAs) were lost to follow-up. The mean follow-up time was 5.5 ± 1.4 years. All scores significantly improved postoperatively. No radiographic failures were observed. Five-year implant survival, with revision of any component for any reason as an endpoint, was 97.2% (95% confidence interval, 91.7 - 99.1%). Five-year survival with revision for aseptic loosening was 100%. Only one knee required revision due to an isolated unrelated bearing exchange, and two additional knees required secondary resurfacing of the patella for retropatellar pain.Conclusion:Good midterm results were obtained with the cementless Vanguard Cruciate Retaining TKA for the treatment of osteoarthritis. The Bone Hardness Test appears to be an effective way to determine the selection of cementless TKA.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Findings from Single Audits: The Implications of Auditee Type and Auditor Expertise
Authors: Waymire Tammy R. , Webb Thomas Z. , West Timothy D. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
Single audits provide critical accountability for federal grant awards. Our study comprehensively examines differences in single audit findings (related to both financial statements and major program compliance) by auditee type (state/local government and nonprofit) and across varying levels of auditor expertise. In a sample of 24,144 audit engagements over the period 2004 through 2010, nonprofit auditees report fewer internal control deficiencies than government auditees, but more instances of questioned costs related to major programs. Audits conducted by firms with lower single audit expertise are associated with fewer financial statement and major program compliance findings. The results by auditee type and auditor expertise are important to discussions of single audit quality.
Is carotid stiffness a possible surrogate for stroke in long-term survivors of childhood cancer after neck radiotherapy?
Authors: Zaletel Lorna Zadravec , Popit Matjaz , Zaletel Marjan 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Background
The risk for cerebrovascular late effects among childhood cancer survivors is considerable. According to recent studies it is not clear which marker could be reliable for the screening of cerebrovascular diseases among the long-term survivors of childhood cancer. The purpose of this study is to analyse arterial stiffness and intima-media thickness as possible early markers of later occurring stroke in long-term survivors of childhood cancer after neck radiotherapy.

Patients and methods
Twenty-three patients, treated for Hodgkin disease (HD) in childhood, were included. They had received radiation therapy to the neck with 20–65 (median 30) Gy. Twenty-six healthy controls, matched in age, sex, body mass index, arterial hypertension, smoking history and total cholesterol levels were compared. Highresolution colour-coded duplex sonography and power Doppler sonography of the carotid arteries were performed and intima-media thickness, number and quality of plaques were measured. Arterial stiffness indices were calculated.

Results
Plaque deposits and/or arterial wall calcinations were found in 24 out of 43 (55.8%) irradiated vessels in cancer survivors group and 0 out of 52 vessels in the group of healthy controls (p < 0.01). We found significant group differences for all the stiffness parameters we used (P < 0.05), but there was no difference in intima-media thickness between cases and controls (p = 0.92). In a multivariate model, carotid pulse wave velocity was positively associated with smoking.

Conclusions
The arterial stiffness has appeared as a possible surrogate marker for stroke in long-term survivors of childhood cancer. Smoking habit might have an additional negative influence on vascular aging in the group of patients after neck radiotherapy.
Ultrasound elastography can detect placental tissue abnormalities
Authors: Hasegawa Tomoya , Kuji Naoaki , Notake Fumiaki , Tsukamoto Tetsu , Sasaki Toru , Shimizu Motohiro , Mukaida Kazunori , Ito Hiroe , Isaka Keiichi , Nishi Hirotaka 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Background
In this prospective cohort study, we examined the utility of elastography to evaluate the fetus and placenta.

Patients and methods
Pregnant women in their third trimester of pregnancy, by which time the placenta has formed, were included in this study. A total of 111 women underwent ultrasound examinations, including elastography. Elastographic evaluation was performed using two protocols. First, the placental index (PI) was measured, which quantitatively assesses the hardness of tissue. Second, regions of interest (ROI) were categorized into 3-step scores according to the frequency of the blue area (hardness of placental tissue score [HT score]), which is a qualitative method. After delivery, 40 of the 111 placentas were pathologically examined.

Results
The average PI was 44.3 (± 29.4) in the in utero SGA group, which was significantly higher than that in the normal group (8.8 (± 10.0); p < 0.01) during pregnancy. There was a significant correlation between the PI and z score for estimated fetal weight (EFW) (r = -0.55; p < 0.01). Moreover, a significant positive correlation was observed between the PI and the z score of birth weight (r = -0.39; p < 0.01). Pathological ischemia findings of the placenta were identified in 67% of the HT score 3 group, representing 6 of the 9 patients, and in 20% of the HT score 1 group, representing only 3 of the 15 patients.

Conclusions
Placental hardness, as determined by elastography, correlates with both lower estimated fetal body weight and birth weight. These results suggest that ultrasound elastography in the placenta may be an additional marker of intrauterine fetal well-being.
HABITOS DE ALIMENTACION EN MENORES DE 36 MESES DE EDADY SU RELACION CON LA CARIES DE INFANCIA TEMPRANA TIPO II
Authors: Salas Zambrano Andres , Pizano Viviana , Alvarado Guillermo , Díaz Ximena 
Published: June 2018

Objetivo. Determinar la asociación de las prácticas de alimentación con la caries de infancia temprana tipo II en niños menores de 36 meses de edad. Métodos. Estudio observacional, analítico, de casos (122) y controles (296). Se entrevistaron a las madres de los menores, mediante encuestas con variables sociodemográficas y las prácticas de alimentación de los niños. Se usó consentimiento informado para padres de los menores. Se calcularon Odds Ratio de Mantel y Haenszel y sus Intervalos de confianza al 95%, usando chi2 y el test exacto de Fisher. Resultados. El promedio de edad de los menores se encontró alrededor de los dos años de vida. Tanto en los casos como en los controles hubo más hombres que mujeres y la raza predominante fue la mestiza. El OR del uso del biberón fue de 1,14 p= 0.015, y tener una alimentación que combine la lactancia materna junto con alimentos sólidos tuvo un OR de 0,31 p=0.0001. La práctica de lactancia materna, la duración de la lactancia materna, el uso del chupo de entretención, el uso endulzado del chupo y la alimentación mediante taza o cuchara, no mostraron asociación con la CIT tipo II. Conclusiones. Uso de biberón, tener alimentación únicamente con alimentos sin haber tenido nunca lactancia materna, tener una dieta moderada y altamente cariogénica, mostraron asociación como factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de la CIT tipo II. Tener alimentación con alimentos en combinación con lactancia materna, mostró asociación como factor protector para el desarrollo de la CIT tipo II
TRATAMIENTOS Y COMPLICACIONES FRECUENTES EN LA CLÍNICA DE ANESTESIOLOGÍA Y CIRUGÍA ESTOMATOLÓGICA. FOULA 2011-2013
Authors: Duarte Maria De los Angeles , Tejada Andreina , Martínez Angelicca 
Published: June 2018

Objetivo. Describir los tratamientos y complicaciones frecuentes del paciente en la Clínica de Anestesiología y Cirugía Estomatológica de la Universidad de los Andes- Venezuela, con la finalidad de aportar datos estadísticos actuales para provecho del docente y del estudiante, orientándolos a una mejor planificación del tratamiento con un mínimo de complicaciones. Métodos. Se realizó una investigación de tipo descriptiva, con un diseño retrospectivo y multivariable. Se empleó como instrumento de recolección una lista de cotejo; además se utilizó el sistema IBM SPSS Statistics 15.0 del año 2014. Se llevó a cabo un análisis descriptivo de los datos, lo cual permitió la realización de tablas que reflejaron la frecuencia absoluta acumulada y el porcentaje de las variables en estudio. Resultados. Se obtuvo que la exodoncia simple fue el principal procedimiento empleado (67,1%), seguido de la exodoncia por colgajo (17,8%), aplicándose para la anestesia mayormente las técnicas infiltrativa (46,2%) y cigomática baja (21,3%), con lidocaína (40%). Conclusiones. La frecuencia de complicaciones fue muy baja y al presentarse, fueron del tipo fractura de la misma pieza (0,9%), perforación sinusal (0,4%) o comunicación bucosinusal (0,5%); lo cual es reflejo de una práctica cuidadosa y de la aplicación de normas de control de infecciones, tanto por los estudiantes como por los profesores encargados de la supervisión del área
IMPLANTES EXTRACORTOS, PROPORCIÓN CORONA-IMPLANTE E IMPORTANCIA DEL CHS (CROWN HEIGH SPACE) EN ATROFIAS VERTICALES SEVERAS
Authors: Anitua Eduardo 
Published: June 2018

Objetivo. Este estudio pretende evaluar la repercusión de este ratio corona-implante sobre la supervivencia de los implantes extracortos (5,5 y 6,5 mm de longitud). Métodos. Se ha realizado un estudio piloto con implantes extracortos sobre los que asientan prótesis con proporción corona-implante considerada como desfavorable, estudiando el comportamiento de los implantes y las prótesis. Radiografias panorámicas sirvieron para medir las variables de la proporción corona-implante, el CHS, la perdida ósea proximal. Las fichas de los pacientes fueron revisadas para documentar cualquier complicación protésica y perdida de implante. Se realizaron estadísticas descriptivas y el test de Spearman servió para evaluar la asociación entre la perdida ósea, la proporción corona-implante, y el CSH. Resultados. Fueron seleccionados 6 implantes en 6 pacientes donde se cumplian los criterios extremos establecidos de CHS superior a 15 y ratio corona implante superior a 3. La pérdida ósea media crestal observada en el período de seguimiento fue de 0,95 mm, siendo de 0,67 mm en la zona mesial y de 0,57 mm en la zona distal. El CHS medio de la corona fue de 20,7 mm y el ratio medio de 3,31 mm. Al relacionar la pérdida ósea marginal distal con el ratio corona-implante y el CHS no se obtuvieron resultados estadísticamente significativos para la pérdida distal (p=0,85) y mesial (p=0,41). Conclusiones. consideramos que los ratios superiores a 3 (hecho habitual en la rehabilitación de los implantes extracortos) son una opción terapéutica aceptable a la luz de estos datos aunque estudios con muestras mayores serían necesarios.
Буддийские ценности как возможная экономическая детерминанта развития тувинского общества
Authors: Tarbastaeva Inna S. 
Published: June 2018

В статье актуализируется изучение буддийских ценностей в свете их благотворного влияния на социально-экономическое развитие общества Тувы. Этому способствуют имеющиеся научные исследования успешных экономик мира, обзор которых приводится в работе.После распространения буддизма на Западе в середине XX века древние знания и практики стали доступны для урбанизированного населения развитых стран. Зарубежные исследователи обратили внимание на актуальный их потенциал при ведение финансовой, производственной деятельности. Среди западных экономистов начало разработки этой тематики положил Э. Шумахер (1973). Среди азиатских исследователей важный вклад сделал тайский монах и философ П. Пайотто.В имеющихся исследованиях, связывающих религию и экономическую культуру, буддизм как не поощряет к бедности, и не призывает отказу от материальных благ. Его неверно интерпретировать как аскетичную религию. В буддийских текстах существуют прямые указания, касающиеся способа зарабатывания денег, смысла благосостояния. Современные учителя также дают советы мирянам относительно экономической активности. Хотя в буддизме практикующие стремятся, прежде всего, к духовным целям — освобождению от страданий, достижению состояния Будды, миряне включены в социальную жизнь и Учение учитывает это. В буддизме считается, что богатство не способно принести подлинное счастье. Поэтому для практикующего мирянина достижение высокого материального благосостояния не является жизненной целью.В статье приводятся результаты современных исследований экономистов, психологов нейробиологов, подтверждающих, что эмпирическая корреляция между увеличением доходов и счастьем является незначительно. Приводятся примеры того, как буддийские ценности помогают предпринимателям. Так, в результате веры в закон кармы проявляется большая степень честности при деловом взаимодействии, появляется долгосрочная ориентация на бизнес. Убежденность в непостоянстве помогает принимать рискованные решения, необходимые в предпринимательской деятельности. Актуальность показывают и буддийские практики управления эмоциональными состояниями. Во многих мировых корпорациях (Google, Twitter, Ebay) внедряют программы по практикам осознанности. Это помогает сотрудникам справляться с ежедневным стрессом, усталостью.Все это побуждает обратиться к обществу тувинцев, для которых буддизм является традиционной религией. Сегодня в Туве повышается престиж буддизма, наблюдается живой интерес со стороны молодежи. Формируется сообщество мирян, получивших современное образование и компетентных в области буддизма. Автор делает вывод, что молодое поколение тувинцев в перспективе сможет применить духовные ценности в практической экономической деятельности.
Diyarbakır İli Pamuk Ekim Alanlarında Bulunan Yeşilkurt, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)’un Popülasyon Dalgalanmasının Belirlenmesi
Authors: AKYILDIZ Merve , BAYHAN Erol 
Published: June 2018

Pamuk
alanlarının önemli zararlılarından biri olan Yeşilkurt, Helicoverpa armigera
Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) ve özellikle generatif organlarda zarar
yaparak önemli ürün kayıplarına neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışma H. armigera'nın ergin popülasyon değişimini
saptamak amacıyla Delta tipi eşeysel çekici tuzakların yerleştirildiği pamuk
tarlalarında 2014 ve 2015 yıllarında Diyarbakır ilinde (Bismil, Çınar ve Sur)
yürütülmüştür. Bismil (Kazancı), Çınar (Karalar), Sur (Tanoğlu) ilçelerinde üç
pamuk tarlası belirlenmiş ve her tarlaya üçer adet feromon tuzaklar
yerleştirilmiştir. Tuzaklarda yakalanan erginler haftalık yapılan sayımlarla
takip edilmiştir. Çalışmalardan elde edilen verilere göre H. armigera’nın
popülasyon dalgalanması 2014 ve 2015 yıllarında genel olarak aylara ve yıllara
göre farklılık göstermiştir. Deneme kurulan tarlalarda 2014 yılında yapılan
sayımlarda tuzaklarda daha fazla kelebek yakalanmasının olduğu görülürken 2015
yılında geçen yıla oranla tuzaklarda daha az yakalanma olduğu tespit
edilmiştir. Yeşilkurt ergin popülasyon dalgalanmasına bakıldığı zaman 2014
yılında Bismil (Kazancı)’de (28 birey/tuzak) ve Çınar (Karalar)’da (23
birey/tuzak) mayıs ayı sonunda en yüksek popülasyon yoğunluğuna ulaştığı görülürken
aynı yıl Sur (Tanoğlu)’da (13 birey/tuzak) haziran ayı başında en yüksek
popülasyon yoğunluğu görülmüştür. 2015 yılında ise eşeysel çekici feromon
tuzaklarda Sur (Tanoğlu)’da (6 birey/tuzak) temmuz ayı başında, Bismil
(Kazancı)’de (19 birey/tuzak) ve Çınar (Karalar)’da (15 birey/tuzak) temmuz ayı ortalarında en yüksek popülasyon
yoğunluğuna ulaştığı görülmüştür.
Theatrical Art in Classical European and Modern Arabic Literature:
Authors: Shamsuddin Salahuddin Mohd , Ahmad Siti Sara Binti Hj. 
Published: June 2018

No doubt that Classical Arabic Literature was influenced by Greek Literature, as the modern Arabic literature was influenced by European Literature. The narrative poetry was designed for the emergence of theatrical poetry, a poetry modeled on the model of the story with its performance in the front of audience. This style was not known as Arabic poetry, but borrowed from the European literatures by the elite of poets who were influenced by European literatures looking forward to renew the Arabic poetry. It means that we use in this article the historical methodology based on the historical relation between European and Arabic literature in the ancient and modern age.
The first who introduced the theatrical art in Arab countries was Mārūn al-Niqqāsh, who was of a Lebanese origin. He traveled to Italy in 1846 and quoted it from there. The first play he presented to the Arab audience in Lebanon was (Miser) composed by the French writer Molière, in late 1847.
It is true that the art of play in Arabic literature at first was influenced by European literatures, but soon after reached the stage of rooting, then the artistic creativity began to emerge, which was far away from the simulation and tradition.
It is true also that European musical theatres had been influenced later by Arabic literature and oriental literatures. European musical theatres (ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn and the magical lamp), the play (Māʿrūf Iska in Cairo) and the musical plays of (Shahrzād) are derived from (One thousand and one Nights).
This study aims to discover the originality of theatrical art in modern Arabic literature. Therefore it is focused on its both side: Its European originality and its journey to Arab World, hence its artistic characteristics in modern Arabic literature. We also highlight its journey from the poetic language to the prose.
Histopathological findings of renal biopsy in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Karki Sanjit , Shrestha Roshan , Paudyal Buddhi , Pandey Bimal , Ranjitkar Nora , Sharma Yuba Raj , Kayastha Gyan Krishna 
Published: June 2018

Introductions: Classifying morphological pattern of renal involvement is important in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) for definitive treatment and prognosis. This study aims to analyse the histopathological pattern of glomerula in SLE patients.Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of patients diagnosed with SLE who had renal biopsy during October 2013 to September 2015 at Patan Hospital.Results: There were 38 patients of SLE. Antinuclear antibody (ANA) was positive in all 38 (100 %), Anti-dsDNA seen in 18 (47.4%). Active urinary sediment & proteinuria was seen in 25 (65.8%) patients and proteinuria in 13 (34.2%) patients. Histopathological patterns were of glomerular involvement, ISN Class II in 2 (5.3%), Class III in 2 (5.3%), class IV in 20 (52.5%), Class V in 6 (15.8%) and mixed IV-V in 8 (21.1%).Conclusions: The diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis (ISN Class IV) was the most common pattern of lupus nephritis encountered in our study followed by mixed pattern (ISN Class IV & V) and membranous lupus nephritis (ISN class IV). Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences. 2016 Dec;3(2):10-14
Outcome of laparoscopic nephrectomy in benign renal disease
Authors: Giri Naresh Kumar , Thapa Narayan , Thapa Bikash Bikram , Bhandari Bharat Bahadur , Hamal Bhairab Kumar 
Published: June 2018

Introductions: Laparoscopic surgery is a rapidly emerging option in urology. With the advances in technology and instruments, currently this is viable alternative to treat complex surgical diseases as well as reconstructive surgery.Methods: This was a prospective observational study to analyze the outcome of laparoscopic nephrectomy. A total of 51 patients had undergone laparoscopic nephrectomy over the period of five years. The variables analyzed were, age, sex, operative time, estimated blood loss, length of hospital stay, conversion rate and complication.Results: The patients’ mean age was 41.1 years (range 15-71 years). Indications for nephrectomy were non-functional kidney secondary to stone disease in 26 (50.98%). Mean operative time was 1.43 hours. Median hospital stay was 2.3 days.Conclusions: Laparoscopic surgery is a safe and feasible treatment option for benign renal diseases with comparable outcomes. Non- functional kidney secondary to renal stone was the major cause of nephrectomy in this study. Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences. 2016 Dec;3(2):19-22