bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revitalisasi Maqasid Al-Shari’ah: Pembacaan Ulang Konsep Kewarisan Beda Agama
Authors: Baihaqi Wahid Ahtar 
Published: March 2018

Abstract: Embryo of maqasid shari’ah as a value has emerged since the 3rd islamic century and recently transformed into an approach in the hands of al-Shatibi. Al-Shatibi’s brilliant idea was more comprehensively developed so that becomes an approach to formulating Islamic law by contemporary Maqasidiyyun schoolars who one of them is Yusuf Qardawi. In the case of inheritance of different religions, al-Qardawi opinionated that a Moslem can inherit treasure to non-Moslems, because of there is greater benefit in that maslahah dimension. In operations, al-Qardawi do takwil the hadith used by the majority of fuqaha (Islamic jurists), as the reason for the prohibition of inherit treasure due to different religions. The efforts of al-Qaradawi are classified in tarjih bi al-maqasid al-shari’ah, which emphasizes maslahah as the last consideration in the establishment of Islamic law. It means that, if the Islamic law can not realize maslahah as the final purpose, then it should switch to the other options which can bring on maslahah. Abstrak: Embrio maqa>>s}id shari>’ah sebagai sebuah nilai telah muncul sejak abad 3 H dan baru bertransformasi menjadi sebuah pendekatan di tangan al-Sha>t}ibi>. Ide brilian al-Sha>t}ibi> itu kemudian dikembangkan lebih komprehensif sehingga menjadi sebuah pendekatan dalam merumuskan hukum Islam oleh ulama Maqa>>si}diyyu>n kontemporer, salah satunya pakar hukum Islam adalah Yu>suf al-Qarda>wi>. Dalam permasalahan kewarisan beda agama, al-Qarda>wi> berpendapat bahwa seorang muslim dapat mewarisi harta non muslim, dengan alasan dimensi kemas}lah}atan di dalamnya lebih besar. Karena mengambil harta tersebut lebih baik daripada membiarkan berada di tangan non muslim yang bisa digunakan dalam hal kemaksiatan atau membahayakan orang Islam. Dalam operasionalnya, al-Qarda>wi> melakukan takwi>l terhadap hadi>th yang digunakan oleh mayoritas fuqaha sebagai alasan larangan mewarisi disebabkan perbedaan agama. Upaya al-Qarda>wi> tersebut tergolong dalam tarji>h bi al-Maqa>>s}id al-Shari>’ah, yang menekankan kemas}lah}atan sebagai konsiderasi terakhir dalam penentuan hukum. Artinya, apabila suatu hukum tidak dapat merealisasikan kemas}lah}atan sebagai tujuan akhir, maka harus beralih pada opsi yang dapat berdampak pada kemas}lah}atan.
الطلاق في ضوء الفقه الإسلامي وقانون الأحوال الشخصية الأردني
Authors: Prihantoro Hijrian Angga 
Published: March 2018

الملخص:فإن الشريعة الغراء قد أولت موضوع الأسرة عناية فائقة وظهر ذلك في الأحكام المنظمة لإنشائها وتكوينها واستمراريتها، قد اعتنت جميع الدول بقانون الأحوال الشخصية المنظم لهذه العلاقة. وشرع الطلاق باعتباره أبغض الحلال إلا في حالة الضرورة وعند العجز على المصالحة بين الزوجين لتباين الأخلاق وتنافر الطباع, كما أن الطلاق أيضا يمكن أن يكون وسيلة لتأديب الزوجة وهو آخر وسيلة يلجأ إليها الزوج بعد استكمال كل الوسائل الممكنة لحل النزاع بين الزوجين. لقد تحدث الباب الرابع من قانون الأحوال الشخصية الأردني عن انحلال عقد الزواج, وذكر الفصل الأول منه موضوع الطلاق. فهذا البحث يتحدث عن الطلاق من المادة (80) إلى المادة (90) في هذا القانون وهو قانون الأحوال الشخصية الأردني رقم 36 لسنة 2010. فيتطرق هذا البحث على دراسة تحليلية في عملية تطبيقبة معاصرة عن الطلاق في ضوء الفقه الإسلامي وقانون الأحوال الشخصية الأردني. Abstrak: Keluarga dalam syariat Islam merupakan salah satu objek kajian yang penting. Hal itu terbukti dalam berbagai macam hukum yang mengatur tentang keluarga mulai dari pembentukan, pertumbuhan hingga kelanggengannya. Semua negara pun memiliki perhatian yang sama dalam hal ini. Adapun mengenai masalah Talak, meskipun ia merupakan perkara yang sebaiknya dihindari, namun dalam keadaan tertentu ia dapat dijadikan sebagai solusi alternatif. Misalnya ketika kedua pasangan (suami-istri) tidak lagi bisa saling memberi manfaat, atau mungkin juga sebagai bentuk pelajaran kepada sang istri agar berubah menjadi lebih baik. Talak di sini merupakan solusi terakhir yang dapat dijatuhkan oleh sang suami kepada istrinya. Ini berarti bahwa Talak adalah keputusan final setelah mereka benar-benar mencoba berbagai macam cara untuk menyelesaikan konflik rumah tangga, namun masih tetap tidak berhasil juga. Talak sendiri dalam Undang-Undang Ahwal Al-Syakhsiyyah Yordania dibahas secara khusus dalam Bagian Pertama pada Bab Empat mengenai Putusnya Akad Perkawinan mulai dari pasal 80 hingga pasal 90. Undang-Undang yang dimaksud di sini adalah Undang-Undang Ahwal Syakhsiyyah Yordania Nomor 36 tahun 2010. Dengan demikian, kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti berbagai hal mengenai Talak dalam perspektif Hukum Islam dan penerapannya dalam Undang-Undang Ahwal Al-Syakhsiyyah Yordania.
Urgensi Manajemen Inovasi Berbasis Kewirausahaan Untuk Meningkatkan Mutu Pendidikan
Authors: Haryanto Wahid 
Published: March 2018

Abstract: Nowadays, education in Indonesia is still left behind from other countries. Based on several surveys conducted by PISA and the Global School by OECD, Indonesia always in the last rank. This study is intended to describe the forms of innovation, the supporting factors, and the practice of innovation management based entrepreneurship in SMK Negeri 1 Jenangan Ponorogo. The design of this research was qualitative. Data were collected through interview, observation and documentation. This study reveals that SMK Negeri 1 Jenangan Ponorogo to employed innovation management based entrepreneurship system, namely innovation based on entrepreneurial values in improving the quality of education. SMK Negeri 1 Jenangan Ponorogo conducted organizational innovation and product innovation, with the nature of duplication and extension innovation. The supporting factors in the construction of innovation by creating an innovator team and innovative climate system handled by the headmaster. The innovation management based entrepreneurship in SMK Negeri 1 Jenangan Ponorogo has a series of activities, namely Plan: discovering information, Do: deciding innovation, Check: developing product by monitoring, Act: doing production, and entrepreneurial traits characterized by distributing product activity.Abstrak: Dari fakta yang ada pendidikan di Indonesia masih tertinggal dengan Negara-negara lain. Hal ini didasarkan dari beberapa survei yang ada baik PISA ataupun Sekolah Global oleh OECD Indonesia selalu menempati posisi terakhir. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ingin melihat bentuk-bentuk inovasi yang diciptakan, faktor pendukung, serta praktik dari manajemen inovasi yang berbasis kewirausahaan yang ada di SMK Negeri 1 Jenangan Ponorogo. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Dengan penentuan informan dengan metode purposive sampling dan snowball sampling. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa SMK Negeri 1 Jenangan Ponorogo untuk meningkatkan mutu pendidikannya menggunakan sistem manajemen inovasi berbasis kewirausahaan, yakni inovasi yang didasarkan pada nilai-nilai kewirausahaan. Inovasi yang dilakukan di SMK Negeri 1 Jenangan Ponorogo diantaranya inovasi organisasi dan inovasi produk, dengan sifat inovasi duplikasi dan ekstensi. Faktor pendukung inovasi berupa penciptaan sistem iklim inovatif dan tim inovator oleh kepala sekolah. Manajemen inovasi berbasis kewirausahaan yang ada di SMK Negeri 1 Jenangan Ponorogo memiliki alur kegiatan Plan: discovering information, Do: deciding innovation, Check: developing product by monitoring, Act: doing production, serta ciri kewirausahaan ditandai dengan aktivitas distributing product.
Uncertainty analysis of hydrological multi-model ensembles based on CBP-BMA method
Authors: He Shaokun , Guo Shenglian , Liu Zhangjun , Yin Jiabo , Chen Kebing , Wu Xushu 
Published: March 2018

AbstractQuantification of the inherent uncertainty in hydrologic forecasting is essential for flood control and water resources management. The existing approaches, such as Bayesian model averaging (BMA), hydrologic uncertainty processor (HUP), copula-BMA (CBMA), aim at developing reliable probabilistic forecasts to characterize the uncertainty induced by model structures. In the probability forecast framework, these approaches either assume the probability density function (PDF) to follow a certain distribution, or are unable to reduce bias effectively for complex hydrological forecasts. To overcome these limitations, a copula Bayesian processor associated with BMA (CBP-BMA) method is proposed with ensemble lumped hydrological models. Comparing with the BMA and CBMA methods, the CBP-BMA method relaxes any assumption on the distribution of conditional PDFs. Several evaluation criteria, such as containing ratio, average bandwidth and average deviation amplitude of probabilistic application, are utilized to evaluate the model performance. The case study results demonstrate that the CBP-BMA method can improve hydrological forecasting precision with higher cover ratios more than 90%, which are increased by 4.4% and 3.2%, 2.2% and 1.7% over those of BMA and CBMA during the calibration and validation periods, respectively. The proposed CBP-BMA method provides an alternative approach for uncertainty estimation of hydrological multi-model forecasts.
Organic matter removal in bio-filters to achieve biologically stable water downstream of the process
Authors: Ortiz Mingo J. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Organic removal contaminants reclamation has increased over the past years as it has many advantages over other treatments. Product water from water treatment plants can be chemically complex resulting in physical and biological changes during transportation in the distribution systems. The general aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of biofilters for reducing the concentration of organic matter in order to produce biologically stable water, avoiding biofouling formation downstream of the process units. Enhanced coagulation and media filters of expanded clay, sand, and biological activated carbon (BAC) have been assessed. PH and coagulant dose have been optimized to achieve maximum turbidity and organic removal. Filtration stages along the operation have been monitored, measuring parameters such DOC (Dissolved Organic Carbon), UVabs (ultraviolet absorbance), BDOC (Biodegradable Organic Carbon) and AOC (Assimilable Organic Carbon). Once the biological stage was achieved and the organic removal was constant and steady along the process units, the BDOC analysis showed evidence of the outcomes of each filtration system, with BAC filters in conjunction with enhanced coagulation giving outstanding performance.
A conceptual model for decentralized municipal wastewater management
Authors: Bernal Diana 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This paper proposes a conceptual model for selecting the centralization level for wastewater management in urban areas, which is associated with main sewage collectors and wastewater treatment facilities. The model is supported in the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Cost-Benefit Analysis. Additionally, the model is based on the results of variables and indicators identified previously through an expert consultation process and prioritized by Ranking and Rating Multi-criteria Analysis. Three municipalities of Colombia were used as case studies for model validation purposes. As a result, decentralized plans can be a viable option when their associated benefits are quantified.
Ayahuasca: Psychological and Physiologic Effects, Pharmacology and Potential Uses in Addiction and Mental Illness
Authors: Hamill Jonathan , Hallak Jaime , Dursun Serdar M. , Baker Glen 
Published: March 2018

Background:
Ayahuasca, a traditional Amazonian decoction with psychoactive properties,
is made from bark of the Banisteriopsis caapi vine (containing beta-carboline alkaloids) and
leaves of the Psychotria viridis bush (supplying the hallucinogen N,N-dimethyltryptamine, DMT).
Originally used by indigenous shamans for the purposes of spirit communication, magical experiences,
healing, and religious rituals across several South American countries, ayahuasca has been
incorporated into folk medicine and spiritual healing, and several Brazilian churches use it routinely
to foster a spiritual experience. More recently, it is being used in Europe and North America, not
only for religious or healing reasons, but also for recreation.

Objective:
To review ayahuasca’s behavioral effects, possible adverse effects, proposed mechanisms
of action and potential clinical uses in mental illness.

Method:
We searched Medline, in English, using the terms ayahuasca, dimethyltryptamine, Banisteriopsis
caapi, and Psychotria viridis and reviewed the relevant publications.

Results:
The following aspects of ayahuasca are summarized: Political and legal factors; acute and
chronic psychological effects; electrophysiological studies and imaging; physiological effects; safety
and adverse effects; pharmacology; potential psychiatric uses.

Conclusion:
Many years of shamanic wisdom have indicated potential therapeutic uses for ayahuasca,
and several present day studies suggest that it may be useful for treating various psychiatric
disorders and addictions. The side effect profile appears to be relatively mild, but more detailed
studies need to be done. Several prominent researchers believe that government regulations with
regard to ayahuasca should be relaxed so that it could be provided more readily to recognized, credible
researchers to conduct comprehensive clinical trials.
New insights on Ethambutol Targets in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Ghiraldi-Lopes Luciana D. , Campanerut-Sá Paula A. Zanetti , Evaristo Geisa P. Caprini , Meneguello Jean E. , Fiorini Adriana , Baldin Vanessa P. , de Souza Emanuel Maltempi , de Lima Scodro Regiane Bertin , Siqueira Vera L.D. , Cardoso Rosilene F. 
Published: March 2018

Background:
In recent years, very few effective drugs against Mycobacterium
tuberculosis have emerged, which motivates the research with drugs already
used in the treatment of tuberculosis. Ethambutol is a bacteriostatic drug that affects
cell wall integrity, but the effects of this drug on bacilli are not fully exploited.

Objective:
Based on the need to better investigate the complex mechanism of action
of ethambutol, our study presented the proteome profile of M. tuberculosis after different
times of ethambutol exposure, aiming to comprehend the dynamics of bacilli
response to its effects. M. tuberculosis was exposed to &amp;#189; MIC of ethambutol at 24
and 48 hours. The proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF.

Results:
The main protein changes occurred in metabolic proteins as dihydrolipoyl
dehydrogenase (Rv0462), glutamine synthetase1 (Rv2220), electron transfer flavoprotein
subunit beta (Rv3029c) and adenosylhomocysteinase (Rv3248c).

Conclusion:
Considering the functions of these proteins, our results support that the
intermediary metabolism and respiration were affected by ethambutol and this disturbance
provided proteins that could be explored as additional targets for this drug.
Targeted Secure Messages to Facilitate Access to Tobacco Treatment Counseling for Veterans: Feasibility Study
Authors: Shahani Shaun , Korenblit Pearl , Thomas Pauline , Passannante Marian R , Carr Richard , Davis Lynn 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundStudies show that combining nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) with tobacco treatment counseling is most effective for smoking cessation. However, tobacco treatment counseling has been underutilized across the nation. A secure email message sent to patients already taking NRT was hypothesized to increase the utilization of tobacco treatment counseling among Veterans in New Jersey. Secure messaging for communication between patients and providers was implemented through a web-based password-protected, secure messaging account, where Veterans get notified through their personal email when they have a message awaiting them.ObjectiveThe main objective of this project was to determine if there was a significant increase in adoption of tobacco treatment counseling among Veterans who received a secure message describing the options for tobacco treatment counseling available to them. Secondary objectives were to demographically characterize Veterans who were and were not enrolled in secure messaging, as well as those who opened or did not open a message. Finally, because the language and content of the messages were changed across project phases, this project also sought to determine (by analysis of response rates) the type of language that was most effective at eliciting a response.MethodsOver two phases, messages were sent to two samples of Veterans prescribed NRT within the prior 90 days of each phase. In phase 1, one message was sent in December 2015 (message 1). In phase 2, one message was sent in July 2016 (message 2) and the same message (message 3) was resent in August 2016 to persons who did not open message 2. Messages 2 and 3 were more directive than message 1. Response rates to message 1 versus message 2 were compared. A logistic regression analysis determined effect of age and gender on enrollment in secure messaging across both phases. The effectiveness of each phase at increasing tobacco treatment counseling was analyzed using a McNemar test.ResultsMessage 2, sent to 423 Veterans, had a significantly higher response rate than message 1, sent to 348 Veterans (18%, 17/93 vs 8%, 6/78, P=.04). Phase 2 (ie, messages 2 and 3) significantly increased utilization of tobacco treatment counseling (net increase of six tobacco treatment counseling adopters, P=.04), whereas phase 1 (ie, message 1) did not (net increase of two tobacco treatment counseling adopters, P=.48). Women (odds ratio [OR] 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.3) and those aged 30 to 49 years (compared to other age groups) were more likely to be enrolled in secure messaging. Gender and age were not significant predictors of opening or replying to either message.ConclusionsAlthough the effect was small, secure messaging was a useful modality to increase tobacco treatment counseling. Directive content with a follow-up message appeared useful. Female Veterans and/or Veterans aged between 30 and 49 years are more likely to use secure messaging.
The External Affairs Power and Environmental Protection in Australia
Authors: Marlin Richard 
Published: March 2018

The present threat to environmental resources world-wide, in terms of its significance for human survival, ranks second only to the dangers posed by a nuclear war ... Desertification, acidification of the environment, chemical pollution of air, water and soil resources, depletion of the ozone layer, the “greenhouse effect” of global warming, and the loss of genetic versatility are just a few of the phenomena that exemplify a growing imbalance between human enterprise and life-sustaining biosphere.Concern for the environment is undoubtedly a “significant social and political force” within the international community. Where members of the international community once viewed environmental protection as a local or national issue, ther have now been compelled to see many environmental problems as global in scope. This change in attitude was exemplified in 1992 when the United Nations convened the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, attended by representatives from 170 nations, including 130 heads of state and government. One of the outcomes of the conference was the adoption of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (Rio Declaration). The Rio Declaration is a declaration of internationally accepted fundamental principles on development and environmental protection. It declares that all nations have a right to development. However, this right must be exercised in such a manner as to “equitably meet developmental and environmental needs of present and future generations”.
Corporation, Contract, Community: An Analysis of Governance in the Privatisation of Public Enterprise and the Publicisation of Private Corporate Law
Authors: Whincop Michael J , Keyes Mary E 
Published: March 2018

To say that managers should be accountable to the market only begins the analysis. The problematic downside to this glib norm is that a volatile market can be a fickle master who may regularly override the superior judgment of his manager-servant. Thus, the central question from a public law perspective is how much accountability is too much.John C Coffee, JrThe last two decades of corporate law scholarship in the United States have been marked by the ascendancy of law-and-economics research, the centrepiece of which is the contractarian theory of the corporation and the corporate law. Contractarians seek to explain the corporation as the focal point for a process of contracting between various constituencies. Contractarians explain corporate law as a corpus of “default rules” which fills gaps where these contracts are less than fully specified, but which can be excluded by the parties.
Imagining Constitutional Crises: Power and (MIS)Behaviour in Republican Australia
Authors: Patmore Glenn A , Whyte John D 
Published: March 2018

The change we propose [to the Australian Constitution] has very limited implications for the design of Australia's democracy. It is the so-called “minimalist” option. All the essential constitutional principles and practices which have worked well and evolved constructively over the last hundred years will remain in place.The previous Australian government's aim was to remove the hereditary office of the monarch with only minor changes to the Australian system of government. Former Prime Minister Paul Keating stated that the proposed “republican” changes would have limited implications for the design and operation of Australian democracy. But his quest, and the quest of those who support the republican movement, may represent a more momentous shift in Australian political values and political sensibility than is widely admitted. This shift might lead to the enhancement of democratic participation. Indeed, the debate surrounding the republican initiative has already caused both a revised understanding of Australian political philosophy and a renewed appreciation of certain strong democratic threads in the history of Australia as a nation.
Factors Affecting Interprofessional Collaboration when Communicating through the use of Information and Communication Technologies: A Literature Review
Authors: Graves Monica , Doucet Dr. Shelley 
Published: March 2018

Abstract Background Information and communication technologies (ICTs) are increasingly being used internationally as a cost-effective and efficient way to provide care for patients in rural and remote settings, often referred to as telemedicine. There have been various studies that have examined the effectiveness of telemedicine implementation on patient outcomes, and the factors that enable successful telemedicine program implementation. The purpose of this narrative literature review was to explore a different side of the issue, with the objective to examine the factors that affect interprofessional collaboration when communicating through the use of ICTs in telemedicine settings. Methods and Findings A total of 56 papers were included in this review. Using a narrative review design, analysis of the papers revealed several factors that act as facilitators and barriers to interprofessional collaboration when communicating through the use of ICTs. Facilitators included training and planning; ICT system supports; establishing good rapport and communication patterns; patient-centredness; willingness to adapt to and accept the technology; and key individuals providing leadership and administrative support. Barriers included technical issues; coordination and organizational challenges; and problematic relationships. Conclusions From the facilitators and barriers, recommendations have been compiled for stakeholders involved in telemedicine initiatives to consider on how to support interprofessional collaboration in telemedicine.