bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What do the Angels Say? Alterity and the Ascents of Emanuel Swedenborg and the Baal Shem Tov
Authors: Esterson Rebecca 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This paper examines the history of boundary crossing and boundary preservation between Jews and Christians in the eighteenth century via an unorthodox path. Two men, a Swedish Lutheran natural philosopher and a charismatic Polish Rabbi, give their accounts of ascents to the heavens, both in the 1740s. The lives of Emanuel Swedenborg and the Baal Shem Tov did not intersect, but their otherworldly experiences tell related stories of strife between Jews and Christians while betraying something of a shared horizon concerning the future of their religious communities, and concerning sacred texts and their interpretation. Using a phenomenological framework informed by Emmanuel Levinas, and with theories of experience articulated by Steven Katz and Martin Jay at hand, this paper understands these accounts as articulations of relationship: not just the relationship between the subject and God, scripture, or the heavens, but articulations of the fraught relationship with the religious other in the earthly, human realm. By placing Swedenborg and the Besht, as it were, face to face, this paper emphasizes the presence of the religious other in their experiences, even in their private encounters with the Divine, and even though the intersubjectivity these experiences expose is characterized by difference, difficulty, and asymmetry.
Validation of an HPLC Assay Method for Routine QC Testing and Stability Study of Compounded Low-Dose Capsules of Acetylsalicylic Acid
Authors: Lonca Nelly , Maillard Fabienne , Leguelinel Géraldine , Sharkawi Tahmer , Soulairol Ian 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
The intolerance to Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA) can be detected by conducting oral provocation testing (OPT), which is to gradually introduce low doses of ASA. To perform this test, hospital pharmacies compound small batches of different low-dosage ASA capsules. This work aims to validate a method for fast HPLC-UV assay that allows routine quality control and physicochemical stability studies of capsules.

Methods
The chromatographic separation is performed using a C18 column Kinetex (100 A, 50×4.6 mm, 2.6 µm) equipped with a precolumn C18. Separation is achieved using a mobile phase composed of water-acetonitrile-orthophosphoric acid (68:32:0.2 v/v/v) at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min and UV detection at 237 nm.

Results
Validation shows that the method was suitable for routine analysis and could be used to perform stability studies.

Conclusions
The 5, 25, 100 and 250 mg dosed capsules show acceptable stability over 12 months, while the 1 mg dosed capsule show an unacceptable degradation of more than 15 % after 3 months. Therefore, hospital pharmacy can plan the manufacture of capsules and anticipate the requests of doctors.
Indirekte Kolonialherrschaft und demokratische Einstellungen: Analyse eines natürlichen Experiments in Namibia
Authors: Lechler Marie 
Published: October 2018

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Beitrag beschreibt Marie Lechler die langfristigen Folgen indirekter Kolonialherrschaft in Namibia. In einer Analyse gemeinsam mit Lachlan McNamee hat sie den Effekt mithilfe eines räumlichen Regressions-Diskontinuitäten-Ansatzes identifiziert. Dieser nutzt die willkürliche Teilung Namibias Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts in einen direkt und einen indirekt beherrschten Teil. Im indirekt regierten Teil Namibias überließen die Kolonialmächte traditionellen Führern die Verwaltung. Diese haben auch lange nach dem Ende der Kolonialzeit einen großen Einfluss in ihren Gemeinschaften. Die empirische Analyse zeigt, dass Menschen im ehemals indirekt regierten Teil weniger demokratisch eingestellt sind und dass die Wahlbeteiligung in diesem Teil des Landes geringer ausfällt als im ehemals direkt regierten Teil.
Existence of strongly symmetrical weakly pandiagonal graeco-latin squares
Authors: Zhang Yong , Chen Kejun , Li Wen 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
A graeco-latin sauare is a pair of orthogonal latin squares. It is a design of experiment in which the experimental units are grouped in three different ways. In this paper, constructions of a pair of orthogonal latin sauares which are both strongly symmetrical and weakly pandiagonal are investigated. As a result, it is proved that there exists a pair of strongly symmetrical weakly pandiagonal orthogonal latin sauare of order n if and only if n > 4 and n ≡ 0, 1, 3 (mod 4) with only one possible exception for n = 12.
Sports Drinks Consumed During Exercise, Which Affect Thermoregulation and/or Athletic Performance in the Heat: A Review
Authors: Scrivin Rachel , Black Katherine 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
IT IS GENERALLY BELIEVED CONSUMING SPORTS DRINKS CONTAINING 6–8% CARBOHYDRATE AND ALSO CONTAINING 10–20 MMOL·L−1 OF SODIUM DURING ENDURANCE EVENTS LASTING LONGER THAN 60 MINUTES WILL BENEFIT PERFORMANCE. DURING EXERCISE IN THE HEAT, FLUID CONSUMPTION IS ALSO IMPORTANT FOR THERMOREGULATION. THEREFORE, THE AIM OF THIS REVIEW IS TO INVESTIGATE THE COMPONENTS OF A TYPICAL SPORTS DRINK, AND DETERMINE WHETHER THERE IS ANY EFFECT ON EXERCISE PERFORMANCE OR THERMOREGULATION IN THE HEAT. THE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT CARBOHYDRATE INGESTION DURING CONTINUOUS EXERCISE OVER 60 MINUTES IN THE HEAT CAN IMPROVE TIME TRIAL AND TIME TO EXHAUSTION PERFORMANCE.
Demonstrating climate change in Prince Edward Island – A procedure using climate normals and weather data suitable for classroom use
Authors: Garbary David J. 
Published: October 2018

A simple method to assess climate warming is described, which is suitable for post-secondary classes in environmental sciences. This method is based on climate normals and subsequent weather data, and is demonstrated using Government of Canada archived climate/weather data from sites in Prince Edward Island including Charlottetown Airport, Alliston and New Glasgow. The method uses a simple statistical analysis based on one or two sample Student’s t-tests as well as scatter plots and linear regression to highlight the direction and magnitude of changes. Statistically significant increases of annual average temperature of 0.7°C to 1.3°C were calculated for the period after the end of the 1961-1990 climate normals for Alliston and Charlottetown, and a 0.9°C change was demonstrated for New Glasgow after the 1971-2000 climate normals. These values suggest a recent rate of change three times greater than a previous estimate of up to 0.9°C per century for the Gulf of St. Lawrence region, with a major temperature increase occurring in the late 1990s. Changes were most pronounced during September and December, and two sites showed a significant increase in continuous frost-free days during the growing season, as well as a decline in the number of days with frost during spring and fall. Keywords: Climate change, climate normals, Prince Edward Island, weather
Genetic Architecture of Soybean Yield and Agronomic Traits
Authors: Diers Brian W , Specht Jim , Rainey Katy Martin , Cregan Perry , Song Qijian , Ramasubramanian Vishnu , Graef George , Nelson Randall , Schapaugh William , Wang Dechun , Shannon Grover , McHale Leah , Kantartzi Stella K , Xavier Alencar , Mian Rouf , Stupar Robert M , Michno Jean-Michel , An Yong-Qiang Charles , Goettel Wolfgang , Ward Russell , Fox Carolyn , Lipka Alexander E , Hyten David , Cary Troy , Beavis William D 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Soybean is the world’s leading source of vegetable protein and demand for its seed continues to grow. Breeders have successfully increased soybean yield, but the genetic architecture of yield and key agronomic traits is poorly understood. We developed a 40-mating soybean nested association mapping (NAM) population of 5,600 inbred lines that were characterized by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and six agronomic traits in field trials in 22 environments. Analysis of the yield, agronomic, and SNP data revealed 23 significant marker-trait associations for yield, 19 for maturity, 15 for plant height, 17 for plant lodging, and 29 for seed mass. A higher frequency of estimated positive yield alleles was evident from elite founder parents than from exotic founders, although unique desirable alleles from the exotic group were identified, demonstrating the value of expanding the genetic base of US soybean breeding.
An Anopheles stephensi Promoter-Trap: Augmenting Genome Annotation and Functional Genomics
Authors: Reid William , Pilitt Kristina , Alford Robert , Cervantes-Medina Adriana , Yu Hao , Aluvihare Channa , Harrell Rob , O’Brochta David A 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The piggyBac transposon was modified to generate gene trap constructs, which were then incorporated into the genome of the Asian malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi and remobilized through genetic crosses using a piggyBac transposase expressing line. A total of 620 remobilization events were documented, and 73 were further characterized at the DNA level to identify patterns in insertion site preferences, remobilization frequencies, and remobilization patterns. Overall, the use of the tetameric AmCyan reporter as the fusion peptide displayed a preference for insertion into the 5′-end of transcripts. Notably 183 – 44882 bp upstream of the An. stephensi v1.0 ab initio gene models, which demonstrated that the promoter regions for the genes of An. stephensi are further upstream of the 5′-proximal regions of the genes in the ab inito models than may be otherwise predicted. RNA-Seq transcript coverage supported the insertion of the splice acceptor gene trap element into 5′-UTR introns for nearly half of all insertions identified. The use of a gene trap element that prefers insertion into the 5′-end of genes supports the use of this technology for the random generation of knock-out mutants, as well as the experimental confirmation of 5′-UTR introns in An. stephensi.
Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci for Tolerance to Pythium irregulare in Soybean (Glycine max L.)
Authors: Lin Feng , Wani Shabir H , Collins Paul J , Wen Zixiang , Gu Cuihua , Chilvers Martin I , Wang Dechun 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Pythium root rot is one of the significant diseases of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in the United States. The causal agent of the disease is a soil-borne oomycete pathogen Pythium irregulare, the most prevalent and aggressive species of Pythium in North Central United States. However, few studies have been conducted in soybean for the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for tolerance to P. irregulare. In this study, two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations (designated as POP1 and POP2) were challenged with P. irregulare (isolate CMISO2-5-14) in a greenhouse assay. POP1 and POP2 were derived from ‘E09014’ × ‘E05226-T’ and ‘E05226-T’ × ‘E09088’, and contained 113 and 79 lines, respectively. Parental tests indicated that ‘E05226-T’ and ‘E09014’ were more tolerant than ‘E09088’, while ‘E09088’ was highly susceptible to the pathogen. The disease indices, root weight of inoculation (RWI) and ratio of root weight (RRW) of both populations showed near normal distributions, with transgressive segregation, suggesting the involvement of multiple QTL from both parents contributed to the tolerance. All the lines were genotyped using Illumina Infinium BARCSoySNP6K iSelect BeadChip and yielded 1373 and 1384 polymorphic markers for POP1 and POP2, respectively. Notably, despite high density, polymorphic markers coverage was incomplete in some genomic regions. As such, 28 and 37 linkage groups were obtained in POP1 and POP2, respectively corresponding to the 20 soybean chromosomes. Using RRW, one QTL was identified in POP1 on Chromosome 20 that explained 12.7–13.3% of phenotypic variation. The desirable allele of this QTL was from ‘E05226-T’. Another QTL was found in POP2 on Chromosome 11. It explained 15.4% of the phenotypic variation and the desirable allele was from ‘E09088’. However, no QTL were identified using RWI in either population. These results supported that RRW was more suitable to be used to evaluate P. irregulare tolerance in soybean.
Null Mutation of the Fascin2 Gene by TALEN Leading to Progressive Hearing Loss and Retinal Degeneration in C57BL/6J Mice
Authors: Liu Xiang , Zhao Mengmeng , Xie Yi , Li Ping , Wang Oumei , Zhou Bingxin , Yang Linlin , Nie Yao , Cheng Lin , Song Xicheng , Jin Changzhu , Han Fengchan 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Fascin2 (FSCN2) is an actin cross-linking protein that is mainly localized in retinas and in the stereocilia of hair cells. Earlier studies showed that a deletion mutation in human FASCIN2 (FSCN2) gene could cause autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. Recent studies have indicated that a missense mutation in mouse Fscn2 gene (R109H) can contribute to the early onset of hearing loss in DBA/2J mice. To explore the function of the gene, Fscn2 was knocked out using TALEN (transcription activator-like effector nucleases) on the C57BL/6J background. Four mouse strains with deletions of 1, 4, 5, and 41 nucleotides in the target region of Fscn2 were developed. F1 heterozygous (Fscn2+/−) mice carrying the same deletion of 41 nucleotides were mated to generate the Fscn2−/− mice. As a result, the Fscn2−/− mice showed progressive hearing loss, as measured in the elevation of auditory brainstem-response thresholds. The hearing impairment began at age 3 weeks at high-stimulus frequencies and became most severe at age 24 weeks. Moreover, degeneration of hair cells and loss of stereocilia were remarkable in Fscn2−/− mice, as revealed by F-actin staining and scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, compared to the controls, the Fscn2−/− mice displayed significantly lower electroretinogram amplitudes and thinner retinas at 8, 16, and 24 weeks. These results demonstrate that, in C57BL/6Jmice, Fscn2 is essential for maintaining ear and eye function and that a null mutation of Fscn2 leads to progressive hearing loss and retinal degeneration.
Double Selection Enhances the Efficiency of Target-AID and Cas9-Based Genome Editing in Yeast
Authors: Després Philippe C , Dubé Alexandre K , Nielly-Thibault Lou , Yachie Nozomu , Landry Christian R 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
CRISPR-Cas9 loss of function (LOF) and base editing screens are powerful tools in genetics and genomics. Yeast is one of the main models in these fields, but has only recently started to adopt this new toolkit for high throughput experiments. We developed a double selection strategy based on co-selection that increases LOF mutation rates using the Target-AID base editor. We constructed the pDYSCKO vector, which is amenable to high throughput double selection experiments, and show that the improvement in Target-AID efficiency generalizes across loci. Using modeling, we show that this improvement in efficiency provides the required increased in detection power to measure the fitness effects of thousands of mutations in typical yeast pooled screens. We show that double selection can also improve Cas9 mediated LOF rates, but that this multiplex genome editing causes programmable chromosomal translocations at high frequency. This suggests that multiplex LOF editing should be performed with caution and that base-editors could be preferable tools for some screens in yeast. Base editing using double selection is simple and straightforward and provides an alternative to homology directed repair based high throughput variant strain construction methods.
Coping-Style Behavior Identified by a Survey of Parent-of-Origin Effects in the Rat
Authors: Mont Carme , Hernandez-Pliego Polinka , Cañete Toni , Oliveras Ignasi , Río-Álamos Cristóbal , Blázquez Gloria , López-Aumatell Regina , Martínez-Membrives Esther , Tobeña Adolf , Flint Jonathan , Fernández-Teruel Alberto , Mott Richard 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
In this study we investigate the effects of parent of origin on complex traits in the laboratory rat, with a focus on coping style behavior in stressful situations. We develop theory, based on earlier work, to partition heritability into a component due to a combination of parent of origin, maternal, paternal and shared environment, and another component that estimates classical additive genetic variance. We use this theory to investigate the effects on heritability of the parental origin of alleles in 798 outbred heterogeneous stock rats across 199 complex traits. Parent-of-origin-like heritability was on average 2.7fold larger than classical additive heritability. Among the phenotypes with the most enhanced parent-of-origin heritability were 10 coping style behaviors, with average 3.2 fold heritability enrichment. To confirm these findings on coping behavior, and to eliminate the possibility that the parent of origin effects are due to confounding with shared environment, we performed a reciprocal F1 cross between the behaviorally divergent RHA and RLA rat strains. We observed parent-of-origin effects on F1 rat anxiety/coping-related behavior in the Elevated Zero Maze test. Our study is the first to assess genetic parent-of-origin effects in rats, and confirm earlier findings in mice that such effects influence coping and impulsive behavior, and suggest these effects might be significant in other mammals, including humans.
Viable Triploid Honey Bees (Apis mellifera capensis) Are Reliably Produced in the Progeny of CO2 Narcotised Queens
Authors: Oldroyd Benjamin P , Aamidor Sarah E , Buchmann Gabriele , Allsopp Michael H , Remnant Emily J , Kao Fan F , Reid Rebecca J , Beekman Madeleine 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe haplodiploid system of sex determination of Hymenoptera acts as an exaptation for species to evolve novel forms of asexual reproduction including thelytoky (clonal offspring of the mother). During normal reproduction in Hymenoptera, three of the four products of meiosis that are present in newly-laid eggs are lost as polar bodies, while the remaining pronucleus either develops as a haploid male or fuses with a sperm nucleus to produce a diploid zygote. In contrast, in thelytokous reproduction, which is uncommon but taxonomically widespread, two of the four products of meiosis fuse, as if one acted as a sperm. Queenless workers of Apis mellifera capensis, a subspecies of honey bee from South Africa, routinely reproduce thelytokously. Unmated A. m. capensis queens can also be induced to lay thelytokously by narcosis with carbon dioxide, but mated queens are never thelytokous. We artificially inseminated A. m. capensis queens using CO2 narcosis. Up to 1/3 of offspring workers carried two maternal alleles and an allele of one father whereas no three-allele progeny were seen in control queens of the arrhenotokous (unfertilized eggs result in males) subspecies A. m. scutellata. Flow cytometry of three-allele individuals revealed that they were triploid and arose from the fertilization of a thelytokous fusion nucleus. We then reared six queens from a narcotized A. m. capensis queen and determined the ploidy of the offspring queens based on microsatellites. One of the five daughters was triploid. Following artificial insemination, this queen produced unfertilized thelytokous diploid eggs at high frequency, and unfertilized triploid eggs at much lower frequency. If fertilized, thelytokous diploid eggs were non-viable, even though triploidy in itself does not impede normal development. In contrast, when the rarer triploid eggs were fertilized, a proportion developed into viable tetraploids. Our study highlights the extraordinary developmental flexibility of haplo-diploid systems.
A Novel Mutation in Brain Tumor Causes Both Neural Over-Proliferation and Neurodegeneration in AdultDrosophila
Authors: Loewen Carin , Boekhoff-Falk Grace , Ganetzky Barry , Chtarbanova Stanislava 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA screen for neuroprotective genes in Drosophila melanogaster led to the identification of a mutation that causes extreme, progressive loss of adult brain neuropil in conjunction with massive brain overgrowth. We mapped the mutation to the brain tumor (brat) locus, which encodes a tripartite motif-NCL-1, HT2A, and LIN-41 (TRIM-NHL) RNA-binding protein with established roles limiting stem cell proliferation in developing brain and ovary. However, a neuroprotective role for brat in the adult Drosophila brain has not been described previously. The new allele, bratcheesehead (bratchs), carries a mutation in the coiled-coil domain of the TRIM motif, and is temperature-sensitive. We demonstrate that mRNA and protein levels of neural stem cell genes are increased in heads of adult bratchs mutants and that the over-proliferation phenotype initiates prior to adult eclosion. We also report that disruption of an uncharacterized gene coding for a presumptive prolyl-4-hydroxylase strongly enhances the over-proliferation and neurodegeneration phenotypes. Together, our results reveal an unexpected role for brat that could be relevant to human cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
Early Diverging Insect-Pathogenic Fungi of the Order Entomophthorales Possess Diverse and Unique Subtilisin-Like Serine Proteases
Authors: Arnesen Jonathan A , Małagocka Joanna , Gryganskyi Andrii , Grigoriev Igor V , Voigt Kerstin , Stajich Jason E , De Fine Licht Henrik H 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Insect-pathogenic fungi use subtilisin-like serine proteases (SLSPs) to degrade chitin-associated proteins in the insect procuticle. Most insect-pathogenic fungi in the order Hypocreales (Ascomycota) are generalist species with a broad host-range, and most species possess a high number of SLSPs. The other major clade of insect-pathogenic fungi is part of the subphylum Entomophthoromycotina (Zoopagomycota, formerly Zygomycota) which consists of high host-specificity insect-pathogenic fungi that naturally only infect a single or very few host species. The extent to which insect-pathogenic fungi in the order Entomophthorales rely on SLSPs is unknown. Here we take advantage of recently available transcriptomic and genomic datasets from four genera within Entomophthoromycotina: the saprobic or opportunistic pathogens Basidiobolus meristosporus, Conidiobolus coronatus, C. thromboides, C. incongruus, and the host-specific insect pathogens Entomophthora muscae and Pandora formicae, specific pathogens of house flies (Muscae domestica) and wood ants (Formica polyctena), respectively. In total 154 SLSP from six fungi in the subphylum Entomophthoromycotina were identified: E. muscae (n = 22), P. formicae (n = 6), B. meristosporus (n = 60), C. thromboides (n = 18), C. coronatus (n = 36), and C. incongruus (n = 12). A unique group of 11 SLSPs was discovered in the genomes of the obligate biotrophic fungi E. muscae, P. formicae and the saprobic human pathogen C. incongruus that loosely resembles bacillopeptidase F-like SLSPs. Phylogenetics and protein domain analysis show this class represents a unique group of SLSPs so far only observed among Bacteria, Oomycetes and early diverging fungi such as Cryptomycota, Microsporidia, and Entomophthoromycotina. This group of SLSPs is missing in the sister fungal lineages of Kickxellomycotina and the fungal phyla Mucoromyocta, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota fungi suggesting interesting gene loss patterns.