bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supercharged Jejunal Interposition: A Reliable Esophageal Replacement in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Firriolo Joseph M. , Nuzzi Laura C. , Ganske Ingrid M. , Hamilton Thomas E. , Smithers C. Jason , Ganor Oren , Upton Joseph , Taghinia Amir H. , Jennings Russell W. , Labow Brian I. 
Published: July 2019

Background:
There is no consensus for esophageal reconstruction in the pediatric population. Long defects are commonly repaired with gastric pull-up or colonic interposition; however, jejunal interposition offers several potential advantages in children. One historical concern with jejunal interposition has been the risk of flap infarction following transposition. The use of neck and intrathoracic vessels to “supercharge” the jejunum has been reported in adults. This study reports outcomes of supercharged jejunal interposition in pediatric and young adult patients with long esophageal defects.

Methods:
The authors reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent supercharged jejunal interposition for esophageal reconstruction at their institution from 2013 to 2017. The authors collected data pertaining to patient characteristics, operative technique, and postoperative outcomes.

Results:
Twenty patients, 10 female and 10 male, aged 1.4 to 23.8 years, underwent esophageal reconstruction with supercharged jejunal interposition and were followed for a median of 1.4 years. Seventeen patients had a primary diagnosis of long-gap esophageal atresia, and three required reconstruction following caustic ingestion. Eighty percent of patients had undergone prior attempts at surgical reconstruction. Postoperatively, all conduits demonstrated coordinated peristalsis, and no flap losses were noted. Major complications occurred in seven patients, stricture dilation was performed in four patients, and there was no mortality.

Conclusions:
Jejunal interposition with supercharging can be safely performed for management of long esophageal gaps in the pediatric setting; it is useful where the stomach or colon has been used previously or is unavailable. Long-term outcome studies are required to determine whether jejunal interposition provides a more durable and safe conduit than gastric pull-up or colonic interposition over time.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Factors influencing people’s continuous watching intention and consumption intention in live streaming
Authors: Hou Fangfang , Guan Zhengzhi , Li Boying , Chong Alain Yee Loong 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate what factors can affect people’s continuous watching and consumption intentions in live streaming.

Design/methodology/approach
This research conducted a mixed-methods study. The semi-structured interview was deployed to develop a research model and a live streaming typology. A survey was then used for quantitative assessment of the research model. Survey data were analyzed using partial least squares-structural equation modeling.

Findings
The results suggest that sex and humor appeals, social status display and interactivity play considerable roles in the viewer’s behavioral intentions in live streaming and their effects vary across different live streaming types.

Research limitations/implications
This research is conducted in the Chinese context. Future research can test the research model in other cultural contexts. This study can also be extended by incorporating the roles of viewer gender and price sensitivity in the future.

Practical implications
This study provides managerial insights into how live streaming platforms and streamers can improve their popularity and profitability.

Originality/value
The paper introduces a novel form of social media and a new business model. It illustrates what will affect people’s behavioral intentions in such a new context.
The sex‐determination pattern in crocodilians: A systematic review of three decades of research
Authors: González Edgar J. , Martínez‐López Marcela , Morales‐Garduza Marco Antonio , García‐Morales Rodrigo , Charruau Pierre , Gallardo‐Cruz José Alberto 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSex in crocodilians is not determined by chromosomes, but by egg incubation temperature, where different temperatures produce different clutch sex ratios. Two patterns have been proposed to describe these changes in sex ratios: a 100% female proportion at low and high temperatures with male predominance at intermediate ones (FMF) or a simpler pattern with a single female‐to‐male transition (FM). Over the last three decades, researchers have provided empirical information to support either of these two patterns in different species; however, no consensus has been reached partly because data have not been analysed as a whole.Here, we aimed at gathering the existing data on these patterns to provide models of temperature‐dependent sex determination in those crocodilians studied so far.Potentially relevant publications were searched on Web of Knowledge, Scopus, Scielo and Science Direct. Studies that reported results on the sexual identity of crocodilian hatchlings obtained from constant temperature incubation treatments were considered. Using statistical models varying in their underlying assumptions, we evaluated which sex‐determination pattern was best supported for the studied crocodilians and constructed species‐specific and latitude‐specific models.Based on the 8,458 sexed hatchlings studied throughout 31 studies, we show that the evidence supports a shared FMF pattern in all the crocodilian species for which enough data are available. We find that such pattern changes between species and at different latitudes.These results suggest a lability of the FMF crocodilian sex‐determination pattern, a key feature under the present climate change scenario.
Evaluation of habitat use and ecological carrying capacity for the reintroduced Eastern black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis michaeli) in Ruma National Park, Kenya
Authors: Oginah Susan Anyango , Ang’ienda Paul O. , Onyango Patrick O. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe carried out a postrelease evaluation to determine predictors of habitat use and carrying capacity for the black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis michaeli), which are critical for monitoring how the Ruma National Park sub‐population may contribute to Kenya's meta‐population strategy. We determined whether level of elevation, rockiness, shade, distance to fence, roads, and human settlements predict habitat use, differences in habitat and diet preference between female and male black rhinoceros, and the ecological carrying capacity (CC) of black rhinoceros in the park. We used standard ecological methods to collect data on predictors of habitat use, habitat preference and to estimate CC. Results show, first, that none of the environmental and anthropogenic factors evaluated predicted habitat use by black rhinoceros in the park. Second, although there was no significant difference in habitat preference between the sexes (U = 16.50,p = 0.306), there was a 60% difference in Jaccard's dissimilarity in diet selection between the sexes. Third, the park can support 65 black rhinoceros. Altogether, the findings suggest that the park has potential to support other sub‐populations in Kenya. We recommend that future similar studies should incorporate population viability analysis and a community‐based approach to forecast the species health and extinction risk.
Significant reduction in heart rate variability is a feature of acute decompensation of cirrhosis and predicts 90‐day mortality
Authors: Jansen Christian , Chatterjee Devnandan Amor , Thomsen Karen Louise , Al‐Kassou Baravan , Sawhney Rohit , Jones Helen , Gallego‐Leon Angela , Lehmann Jennifer , Pohlmann Alessandra , Nickenig Georg , Strassburg Christian P. , Andrié René , Jalan Rajiv , Linhart Markus , Trebicka Jonel , Mookerjee Rajeshwar P. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryBackgroundHeart rate variability (HRV) is reduced in cirrhosis and in conditions of systemic inflammation. Whether HRV is associated with cirrhosis decompensation and development of acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) is unknown.AimsTo (a) validate wireless remote HRV monitoring in cirrhosis decompensation; (b) determine if severely reduced HRV is a surrogate for inflammation and progression of cirrhosis decompensation; (c) assess if measuring HRV determines prognosis in cirrhosis decompensation.MethodsOne hundred and eleven patients at risk of cirrhosis decompensation at two clinical sites were monitored for HRV. Standard deviation of all normal beat‐beat intervals (SDNN) reflecting HRV was assessed using remote monitoring (Isansys Lifetouch) and/or Holter ECG recording. Clinical outcomes and major prognostic scores were recorded during 90‐day follow‐up.ResultsReduced HRV denoted by lower baseline SDNN, correlated with severity of decompensation (median 14 (IQR 11‐23) vs 33 (25‐42); P < 0.001, decompensated patients vs stable outpatient cirrhosis). Furthermore, SDNN was significantly lower in patients developing ACLF compared to those with only decompensation (median 10 (IQR9‐12) vs 16 (11‐24); P = 0.02), and correlated inversely with MELD and Child‐Pugh scores, and C‐reactive protein (all P < 0.0001) and white cell count (P < 0.001). SDNN predicted disease progression on repeat measures and appeared an independent predictor of 90‐day mortality (12 patients). An SDNN cut‐off of 13.25 ms had a 98% negative predictive value.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that remote wireless HRV monitoring identifies cirrhosis patients at high risk of developing ACLF and death, and suggests such monitoring might guide the need for early intervention in such patients. Clinical Trial number: NIHR clinical research network CPMS ID 4949.
Psychosis screening in schools: Considerations and implementation strategies
Authors: Meyer Monet S. , Rosenthal Adi , Bolden Khalima A. , Loewy Rachel L. , Savill Mark , Shim Ruth , Rodriguez Jacqueline , Flores Victoria , Pavao Earl , Niendam Tara A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimDuration of untreated psychosis, or the time between onset of psychosis symptoms and accurate diagnosis and treatment, is a significant predictor of both initial treatment response and long‐term outcomes. As such, efforts to improve rapid identification are key. Because early signs of psychosis commonly emerge in adolescence, schools have the potential to play an important role in the identification of psychosis‐spectrum disorders.MethodsTo illustrate the potential role of schools in this effort, the current paper describes implementation of a psychosis screening tool as part of a larger study focused on reducing the duration of untreated psychosis in Sacramento, CA.ResultsClinical considerations related to screening for psychosis in schools, including ethical concerns, logistics, screening population and stigma are addressed. Implementation strategies to address these concerns are suggested.ConclusionsEarly psychosis screening in the school system could improve early identification, reduce stigma and may represent an important further step towards an integrative system of mental health.
Effectiveness of agri‐environmental management on pollinators is moderated more by ecological contrast than by landscape structure or land‐use intensity
Authors: Marja Riho , Kleijn David , Tscharntke Teja , Klein Alexandra‐Maria , Frank Thomas , Batáry Péter 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAgri‐environment management (AEM) started in the 1980s in Europe to mitigate biodiversity decline, but the effectiveness of AEM has been questioned. We hypothesize that this is caused by a lack of a large enough ecological contrast between AEM and non‐treated control sites. The effectiveness of AEM may be moderated by landscape structure and land‐use intensity. Here, we examined the influence of local ecological contrast, landscape structure and regional land‐use intensity on AEM effectiveness in a meta‐analysis of 62 European pollinator studies. We found that ecological contrast was most important in determining the effectiveness of AEM, but landscape structure and regional land‐use intensity played also a role. In conclusion, the most successful way to enhance AEM effectiveness for pollinators is to implement measures that result in a large ecological improvement at a local scale, which exhibit a strong contrast to conventional practices in simple landscapes of intensive land‐use regions.
Educational leadership: Producing docile bodies? A Foucauldian perspective on Higher Education
Authors: Beattie Liana 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to contribute to a long‐standing critical tradition in the educational leadership literature through an analytical examination of the idiosyncrasies of leadership in Higher Education institutions (based on the UK example). It applies a postmodern way of thinking to the educational leadership phenomenon to problematise and challenge the traditional views on the trajectories of power in Higher Education institutions, utilising Foucault’s key theoretical units of discipline, governmentality and biopolitics as a toolbox for dissecting the implications of neoliberal ideology on the leadership praxes. Significantly, the paper demonstrates how the engagement with Foucault’s three modes of objectification—dividing practices, scientific classification and self‐subjection—can expose the ways, in which the roles of educational leaders become re‐configured into economic‐rational individuals or subjects, who are compliant with the imposed requisites of the government’s neoliberal agendas. The paper concludes that Foucault’s theoretical perspectives could be used as a methodological template for a deeper critical analysis of leadership practices, equipping academics with additional tools for critiquing the existing boundaries of neoliberalism and intervening in the transformation of the social order by undertaking an investigation into the practices of governmentality, as suggested by Foucault.
How patient and community involvement in diabetes research influences health outcomes: A realist review
Authors: Harris Janet , Haltbakk Johannes , Dunning Trisha , Austrheim Gunhild , Kirkevold Marit , Johnson Maxine , Graue Marit 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundPatient and public involvement in diabetes research is an international requirement, but little is known about the relationship between the process of involvement and health outcomes.ObjectiveThis realist review identifies who benefits from different types of involvement across different contexts and circumstances. Search strategies Medline, CINAHL and EMBASE were searched to identify interventions using targeted, embedded or collaborative involvement to reduce risk and promote self‐management of diabetes. People at risk/with diabetes, providers and community organizations with an interest in addressing diabetes were included. There were no limitations on date, language or study type.Data extraction and synthesisData were extracted from 29 projects using elements from involvement frameworks. A conceptual analysis of involvement types was used to complete the synthesis.Main resultsProjects used targeted (4), embedded (8) and collaborative (17) involvement. Productive interaction facilitated over a sufficient period of time enabled people to set priorities for research. Partnerships that committed to collaboration increased awareness of diabetes risk and mobilized people to co‐design and co‐deliver diabetes interventions. Cultural adaptation increased relevance and acceptance of the intervention because they trusted local delivery approaches. Local implementation produced high levels of recruitment and retention, which project teams associated with achieving diabetes health outcomes.Discussion and ConclusionsAchieving understanding of community context, developing trusting relationships across sectors and developing productive partnerships were prerequisites for designing research that was feasible and locally relevant. The proportion of diabetes studies incorporating these elements is surprisingly low. Barriers to resourcing partnerships need to be systematically addressed.
TLR‐2, TLR‐4 and MyD88 genes expression in renal transplant acute and chronic rejections
Authors: Sharbafi Mohammad Hossein , Assadiasl Sara , Pour‐reza‐gholi Fatemeh , Barzegari Saeed , Mohammadi Torbati Peyman , Samavat Shiva , Nicknam Mohammad Hossein , Amirzargar Aliakbar 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundGraft rejection due to alloreactivity is still the main obstacle to successful renal transplantation. Toll‐like receptors (TLRs), which are significantly involved in initiating inflammation, triggering innate immunity, occurrence of ischaemia reperfusion injury (IRI) and subsequent deterioration of allograft function, are of interest in molecular diagnosis of graft rejection.MethodsIn present research, we have evaluated the mRNA expressions of TLR‐4, TLR‐2 and myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and biopsy samples of 26 stable graft function (SGF), 14 acute T‐cell‐mediated rejection (ACMR), six acute antibody‐mediated rejection (AAMR), 10 chronic T‐cell‐mediated rejection (CCMR) and four chronic antibody‐mediated rejection (CAMR) cases of renal transplant recipients, using TaqMan detector real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR).ResultsIt was found that TLR4 mRNA level was significantly elevated in PBMCs of both ACMR (P.v: 0.025) and CCMR (P.v: 0.007) cases, while TLR2 gene was upregulated only in PBMCs of ACMR (P.v: 0.024). Moreover, MyD88 expression was increased in biopsy samples of all rejection groups AAMR (P.v: 0.032), ACMR (P.v: 0.002), CAMR (P.v: 0.038) and CCMR (P.v: 0.013) and could distinguish them from stable grafts with AUC (area under curve) of 0.81, 0.80, 0.83 and 0.77, respectively.ConclusionThese data showed that MyD88 gene upregulation in renal tissue could have diagnostic value and increased level of TLR4 mRNA in PBMCs could be suggestive of cell‐mediated rejections. Therefore, monitoring the expression level of inflammatory signalling genes might be useful in predicting allograft rejection.
Selecting and quantifying low‐value nursing care in clinical practice: A questionnaire survey
Authors: Osorio Dimelza , Zuriguel‐Pérez Esperanza , Romea‐Lecumberri Soledad , Tiñena‐Amorós Montserrat , Martínez‐Muñoz Montserrat , Barba‐Flores Ángeles 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo evaluate the opinion of hospital nurses on a group of recommendations aimed at reducing low‐value nursing care and, based on these results, to detect low‐value practices probably existing in the hospital.BackgroundLow‐value nursing care refers to clinical practices with poor or no benefit for patients that may be harmful and a waste of resources. Detecting these practices and understanding nurses' perceptions are essential to developing effective interventions to reduce them.MethodsWe conducted a survey in a tertiary hospital. STROBE guidelines were followed. The questionnaire appraised nurses' agreement, subjective adherence and perception of usefulness of a group of recommendations to reduce low‐value nursing care from Choosing Wisely and other initiatives. Practices described in recommendations with an agreement over 70% and a subjective adherence under 70% were categorised as low‐value practices probably existing in the hospital.ResultsA total of 265 nurses from eight areas of care participated in the survey. The response rate by area ranged between 2%–55%. From the 38 recommendations evaluated, agreement was 96% (95% confidence interval [95%CI], 95%–97%), median subjective adherence was 80% (95%CI, 80%–85%), and usefulness was 90% (95%CI, 89%–92%). Based on these results, we detected seven (0–15) low‐value practices probably existing in our hospital, mostly on general practice, pregnancy care and wound care.ConclusionsWe found a great understanding of low‐value care between nurses, given the high agreement to recommendations and perception of usefulness. However, several low‐value practices may be present in nursing care, requiring actions to reduce them, for instance, reviewing institutional protocols and involving patients in de‐implementation.Relevance to clinical practiceHospitals and other settings should be aware of low‐value practices and take actions to identify and reduce them. A survey may be a simple and helpful way to start this process.
Self‐exercise programmes and occlusal splints in the treatment of TMD‐related myalgia—Evidence‐based medicine?
Authors: Eliassen Morten , Hjortsjö Carl , Olsen‐Bergem Heming , Bjørnland Tore 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe low‐cost and reversible treatments concerning disorders of the masticatory muscles represent a vast array of regimens. Common treatments include information, stretching exercises, manual therapy, acrylic splints and cognitive behavioural therapy.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the evidence behind the use of self‐exercising programmes and occlusal splints in the treatment of myofascial pain.MethodsWe conducted a thorough search of five databases, using four cardinal search terms in combination with twelve supporting terms. We also assessed the evidence quality, using GRADEpro software.ResultsThe search resulted in 4967 individual studies. 18 studies met the inclusion criteria and were re‐evaluated.ConclusionThe selected studies were in favour of a self‐care or an occlusal splint treatment of myalgia. However, a GRADE assessment showed that 14 of the 18 selected studies had low or very low evidence quality. Studies also showed weaknesses with regard to nomenclature and reproducibility. Hence, it is our professional opinion that the evidence level for prescribing self‐exercises and occlusal splints in the treatment of myalgia is low.
Lytic transglycosylases RlpA and MltC assist in Vibrio cholerae daughter cell separation
Authors: Weaver Anna I. , Jiménez‐Ruiz Valeria , Tallavajhala Srikar R. , Ransegnola Brett P. , Wong Kimberly Q. , Dörr Tobias 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThe cell wall is a crucial structural feature in the vast majority of bacteria and comprises a covalently closed network of peptidoglycan (PG) strands. While PG synthesis is important for survival under many conditions, the cell wall is also a dynamic structure, undergoing degradation and remodeling by ‘autolysins’, enzymes that break down PG. Cell division, for example, requires extensive PG remodeling, especially during separation of daughter cells, which depends heavily upon the activity of amidases. However, in Vibrio cholerae, we demonstrate that amidase activity alone is insufficient for daughter cell separation and that lytic transglycosylases RlpA and MltC both contribute to this process. MltC and RlpA both localize to the septum and are functionally redundant under normal laboratory conditions; however, only RlpA can support normal cell separation in low‐salt media. The division‐specific activity of lytic transglycosylases has implications for the local structure of septal PG, suggesting that there may be glycan bridges between daughter cells that cannot be resolved by amidases. We propose that lytic transglycosylases at the septum cleave PG strands that are crosslinked beyond the reach of the highly regulated activity of the amidase and clear PG debris that may block the completion of outer membrane invagination.