bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive mapping of human body skin hydration: A pilot study
Authors: Cortés Hernán , Mendoza‐Muñoz Néstor , Galván‐Gil Francisco A. , Magaña Jonathan J. , Lima Enrique , González‐Torres Maykel , Leyva‐Gómez Gerardo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies analyzed a series of representative anatomical regions in the human body; however, there is a wide structural and cellular variability in the constitution of the skin. Our objective was to perform a comprehensive assessment of human skin hydration throughout the largest possible area.Materials and MethodsHydration was registered by Corneometer® CM825 probe in 23 anatomical regions of five healthy men. Each zone was analyzed by 2‐cm segments in the supine, prone, and lateral positions. A total of 7863 measurements were registered.ResultsDifferences in the degree of hydration among the prone, supine, and lateral regions were observed. The chest and back showed a pattern of increased hydration toward the neck area. Higher levels of hydration were evidenced in the proximal areas and in the regions near the elbow and knee. The regions of greater mechanical wear and with greater exposure to the sun exhibited a lower degree of hydration.ConclusionThe human skin exhibited hydration patterns influenced by anatomical function and the degree of sun exposure. Detailed information of the hydration patterns could serve as reference for the design of topical products, as an indicator of their effectiveness, and for the monitoring of skin pathologies.
Teaching statistics through the Real Estate Data Analyzer software
Authors: Casas‐Rosal José Carlos , Caridad y Ocerín José María , Núñez‐Tabales Julia M. , León‐Mantero Carmen 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper presents the operation of the educational software, Real Estate Data Analyzer, to teachers and future teachers. It is a specific software that allows students carry out complete statistical analysis projects on the characteristics of the buildings that surround them.
Retrospective evaluation of the effect of intravenous fluid administration on development of postoperative reflux in horses with colic (2004–2012): 194 horses
Authors: Hoaglund Elizabeth L. , Hess Ann M. , Hassel Diana M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the role of intravenous fluid volume and electrolyte supplementation on the development of postoperative reflux (POR) in horses undergoing celiotomy for colic.DesignCase‐control study spanning 2004–2012 for horses undergoing celiotomy for colic.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsSixty‐seven client‐owned horses >1 year of age with POR were each matched to 2 controls with similar surgical lesions that did not demonstrate POR.Measurements and Main ResultsSurvival was significantly lower in cases (65.7%) than controls (96.1%). Factors found to be associated with POR included decreased net fluid volume administered on day 1 postoperatively, increased age, and performing a resection and anastomosis. Mean time until onset of POR was 20.4 hours postoperatively. PCV was significantly higher immediately following surgery and at 24 hours postoperatively in horses that developed POR compared with matched controls. There was no association between electrolyte values at presentation or administration of potassium, calcium, or magnesium in the postoperative period and the subsequent development of reflux.ConclusionsIn the perioperative period, IV fluid volume overload and electrolyte abnormalities were not contributing factors in the development of POR in this population of surgical colic patients. Close postoperative monitoring with consideration and correction of pre‐ and postoperative fluid deficits is recommended.
Tibial plateau morphology in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency
Authors: Townsend Sarah , Kim Stanley E. , Tinga Selena 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo identify possible biomechanical causes for the predominantly unilateral presentation of cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) insufficiency by comparing the computed tomographic (CT) features of the tibial plateau of CCL affected and contralateral sound stifles in dogs with unilateral CCL insufficiency.Study designCross‐sectional study.AnimalsEighteen dogs, 36 stifles.MethodsEighteen dogs with naturally occurring unilateral CCL insufficiency were included. Stifle CT and radiographs were performed at the time of diagnosis. Follow‐up was performed at a minimum of 1 year from the original diagnosis to ensure that there was no evidence of contralateral CCL insufficiency. The medial tibial plateau angle (m‐TPA), lateral TPA (and l‐TPA), medial tibial plateau midsagittal radius of curvature (m‐TPr), and lateral TPr (l‐TPr) were measured from the CT images. Variables were compared with pairedttests. A Bonferroni correction was performed, andP < .006 was considered significant.ResultsMean m‐TPr was steeper (P = .002) and m‐TPr:l‐TPr ratio was greater (P < .001) in affected stifles compared with contralateral sound stifles. No other variables differed between groups. Mean l‐TPA was steeper than mean m‐TPA (P < .001).ConclusionTibial plateau convexity differed between the CCL affected and contralateral sound stifle in dogs with unilateral CCL insufficiency.Clinical significanceMedial tibial plateau convexity may play a role in the development of CCL insufficiency.
APPLICATION OF MATLAB-BASED INTERFACE FOR THE CONTROL OF MICROBIOREACTOR OPERATION
Authors: Zainal Alam Muhd Nazrul Hisham , Jia Hou Tan , Kouzani Abbas , Husain Abdul Rashid 
Published: October 2018

This work presents the use of Arduino-based embedded system interfaced to MATLAB software packages as an alternative cost-effective solution for the control of the microbioreactor operation. In the presented work, a microbioreactor platform with a working volume of approximately 1.5 mL have been fabricated using a low-cost poly (methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) polymers. The reactor have been integrated with stirring control, fuzzy logic temperature control, and aeration feature via a miniature air compressor. Control program of the microbioreactor system was established using Simulink, MATLAB software were executed by interfacing the program with Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller for input and output of signals. Numbers of experimentation were performed to validate and demonstrate the potential of the proposed method. Satisfactorily degree of control and supervision was achieved (+ 1-3% of the set-point values). The entire microbioreactor system can be operated stably for a least 48 hours. The work demonstrated the usefulness of MATLAB software in establishing a microbioreactor operating interface that consisted merely few Simulink program block sets and executed on a low-cost Arduino board.
The dynamics of cortical GABA in human motor learning
Authors: Kolasinski James , Hinson Emily L. , Divanbeighi Zand Amir P. , Rizov Assen , Emir Uzay E. , Stagg Charlotte J. 
Published: October 2018

Key points
The ability to learn new motor skills is supported by plasticity in the structural and functional organisation of the primary motor cortex in the human brain.
Changes inhibitory to signalling by GABA are thought to be crucial in inducing motor cortex plasticity.
This study used magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to quantify the concentration of GABA in human motor cortex during a period of motor learning, as well as during a period of movement and a period at rest.
We report evidence for a reduction in the MRS‐measured concentration of GABA specific to learning. Further, the GABA concentration early in the learning task was strongly correlated with the magnitude of subsequent learning: higher GABA concentrations were associated with poorer learning.
The results provide initial insight into the neurochemical correlates of cortical plasticity associated with motor learning, specifically relevant in therapeutic efforts to induce cortical plasticity during recovery from stroke.
AbstractThe ability to learn novel motor skills is a central part of our daily lives and can provide a model for rehabilitation after a stroke. However, there are still fundamental gaps in our understanding of the physiological mechanisms that underpin human motor plasticity. The acquisition of new motor skills is dependent on changes in local circuitry within the primary motor cortex (M1). This reorganisation has been hypothesised to be facilitated by a decrease in local inhibition via modulation of the neurotransmitter GABA, but this link has not been conclusively demonstrated in humans. Here, we used 7 T magnetic resonance spectroscopy to investigate the dynamics of GABA concentrations in human M1 during the learning of an explicit, serial reaction time task. We observed a significant reduction in GABA concentration during motor learning that was not seen in an equivalent motor task lacking a learnable sequence, nor during a passive resting task of the same duration. No change in glutamate was observed in any group. Furthermore, M1 GABA measured early in task performance was strongly correlated with the degree of subsequent learning, such that greater inhibition was associated with poorer subsequent learning. This result suggests that higher levels of cortical inhibition may present a barrier that must be surmounted in order to achieve an increase in M1 excitability, and hence encoding of a new motor skill. These results provide strong support for the mechanistic role of GABAergic inhibition in motor plasticity, raising questions regarding the link between population variability in motor learning and GABA metabolism in the brain.
Evaluation of the diet wide contribution to serum urate levels: meta-analysis of population based cohorts
Authors: Major Tanya J , Topless Ruth K , Dalbeth Nicola , Merriman Tony R 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Objective
To systematically test dietary components for association with serum urate levels and to evaluate the relative contributions of estimates of diet pattern and inherited genetic variants to population variance in serum urate levels.

Design
Meta-analysis of cross sectional data from the United States.

Data sources
Five cohort studies.

Review methods

16 760 individuals of European ancestry (8414 men and 8346 women) from the US were included in analyses. Eligible individuals were aged over 18, without kidney disease or gout, and not taking urate lowering or diuretic drugs. All participants had serum urate measurements, dietary survey data, information on potential confounders (sex, age, body mass index, average daily calorie intake, years of education, exercise levels, smoking status, and menopausal status), and genome wide genotypes. The main outcome measures were average serum urate levels and variance in serum urate levels. β values (95% confidence intervals) and Bonferroni corrected P values from multivariable linear regression analyses, along with regression partial R
2
values, were used to quantitate associations.

Results
Seven foods were associated with raised serum urate levels (beer, liquor, wine, potato, poultry, soft drinks, and meat (beef, pork, or lamb)) and eight foods were associated with reduced serum urate levels (eggs, peanuts, cold cereal, skim milk, cheese, brown bread, margarine, and non-citrus fruits) in the male, female, or full cohorts. Three diet scores, constructed on the basis of healthy diet guidelines, were inversely associated with serum urate levels and a fourth, data driven diet pattern positively associated with raised serum urate levels, but each explained ≤0.3% of variance in serum urate. In comparison, 23.9% of variance in serum urate levels was explained by common, genome wide single nucleotide variation.

Conclusion
In contrast with genetic contributions, diet explains very little variation in serum urate levels in the general population.
Spirometry monitoring in asthmatic children in Lombardy Region, Italy
Authors: Casartelli Pietro , Clavenna Antonio , Cartabia Massimo , Bortolotti Angela , Fortino Ida , Merlino Luca , Biondi Andrea , Bonati Maurizio 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesTo evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in a cohort of asthmatic children before and after starting drug therapy.MethodsData were retrieved from administrative databases of the Lombardy Region. The study population was composed of 78 184 children born in the Lombardy Region in 2002 and followed until their 10th birthday.Children with at least one antiasthmatic drug prescription per year (with the exclusion of nebulised suspension/solution formulations) in 2 consecutive years and at least one antiasthmatic drug prescription after the fifth birthday were identified as potential asthmatics (PA).Each PA was monitored for a period starting from 12 months before and ending 24 months after the first prescription (index prescription, IP). During the monitoring period antiasthmatic drug prescriptions were analysed, as well as spirometry and/or specialist visits.ResultsA total of 59 975 children (76.7%) received ≥1 prescription of antiasthmatic drugs in their first 10 years of life, and 4475 (5.7%) were identified as PAs. In all, 24% of PAs started with short-acting β2-agonists (SABA), 23% with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and 20% with SABA+ICS.A total of 33% of PAs had at least one prescription for specialist visit/spirometry: 11% before and 28% after the IP. The factors associated with a greater likelihood of receiving visit/spirometry prescriptions were local health unit of residence, age and high use of asthma drugs.ConclusionsDespite international guideline recommendations, spirometry monitoring is still underused in asthmatic children, even in subjects who initiated pharmacological treatment and therefore need an airway function evaluation. Moreover, the choice of drug therapy appears not always rational, since one out of four children were commenced on ICS as monotherapy.
Parent, patient and clinician perceptions of outcomes during and following neonatal care: a systematic review of qualitative research
Authors: Webbe James , Brunton Ginny , Ali Shohaib , Longford Nicholas , Modi Neena , Gale Chris 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveMultiple outcomes can be measured in infants that receive neonatal care. It is unknown whether outcomes of importance to parents and patients differ from those of health professionals. Our objective was to systematically map neonatal care outcomes discussed in qualitative research by patients, parents and healthcare professionals and test whether the frequency with which outcomes are discussed differs between groups.DesignSystematic review of qualitative literature. The following databases were searched: Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO and ASSIA from 1997 to 2017. Publications describing qualitative data relating to neonatal care outcomes, reported by former patients, parents or healthcare professionals, were included. Narrative text was analysed and outcomes grouped thematically by organ system. Permutation testing was applied to assess an association between the outcomes identified and stakeholder group.ResultsSixty-two papers containing the views of over 4100 stakeholders were identified; 146 discrete outcomes were discussed; 58 outcomes related to organ systems and 88 to other more global domains. Permutation testing provides evidence that parents, former patients and health professionals reported outcomes with different frequencies (p=0.037).ConclusionsParents, patients and health professionals focus on different outcomes when discussing their experience of neonatal care. A wide range of neonatal care outcomes are reported in qualitative research; many are global outcomes relating to the overall status of the infant. The views of former patients and parents should be taken into consideration when designing research; the development of a core outcomes set for neonatal research will facilitate this.
Experience with uncrossmatched blood refrigerator in emergency department
Authors: Harris Charles T , Totten Michael , Davenport Daniel , Ye Zhan , O’Brien Julie , Williams Dennis , Bernard Andrew , Boral Leonard 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundUncrossmatched packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion is fundamental in resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock. Ready availability of uncrossmatched blood can be achieved by storing uncrossmatched blood in a blood bank refrigerator in the emergency department (ED), but could theoretically lead to inappropriate uncrossmatched use.MethodsThis retrospective study was performed at a level I trauma center from January 2013 to March 2014. Possibly inappropriate transfusion was defined as patients who received at least one unit of blood from the ED refrigerator and no more than two units of PRBC in the first 24 hours. Deaths within the first 24 hours were excluded. Patients who received blood from the ED refrigerator who received ≤2 units total in 24 hours were compared with those who received >2 units.Results158 adults received blood from the ED refrigerator. 140 (88.6%) were trauma patients. 37 (23.4%) received massive transfusion (MT). 42 (26.6%) deaths were excluded. 29 patients received ≤2 units and 87 received >2 units in the first 24  hours. The ≤2 units group had a higher systolic blood pressure (116  mm Hg vs. 102  mm Hg, p=0.042), lower base deficit (6.4 mEq/L vs. 9.4 mEq/L, p=0.032), higher hematocrit (34% vs. 30%, p=0.024), lower rate of MT protocol activation (27.6% vs. 58.6%, p=0.005), and lower rates of transfusion of fresh frozen plasma (17.2% vs. 54.0%, p=0.001) and platelets (13.8% vs. 39.1%, p=0.012). Appropriately transfused patients were more likely to have evidence of shock with active, non-compressible hemorrhage. Potentially inappropriate uses were more likely in patients either without evidence of hemorrhage or without signs of shock.DiscussionStoring uncrossmatched blood in the ED is an effective way to get PRBCs transfused quickly in hemorrhaging patients and is associated with a low rate of unnecessary uncrossmatched transfusion. Provider education and good clinical judgment are imperative to prevent unnecessary use.Level of evidenceLevel III, therapeutic.
Molecular dynamics simulation of infinite dilution diffusivity of carbon dioxide in supercritical water
Authors: Cai Shengjia , Hu Zhan-Chao , Li Jiawei , Zhang Yan-Ling , Zhang Xin-Rong 
Published: October 2018

We apply equilibrium molecular dynamic simulations for investigating the infinite dilution diffusivity of carbon dioxide in near- and supercritical water (SCW) over the wide temperature ranging from 647 to 973 K at 115, 217, 426 and 663 kg/m3. The diffusion coefficients of SCW and infinite dilution diffusion coefficients (IDDCs) of carbon dioxide are calculated by using the Einstein mean-square displacement method. It is observed that the IDDCs of carbon dioxide in SCW are approximately 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than that in normal water. The analysis of the temperature dependence of the IDDCs of carbon dioxide reveals that they do not conform to the Arrhenius equation. In the near critical region, the IDDCs of carbon dioxide do not exhibit a monotonic change with a variation in temperature, but increase gradually with an increase in the temperature in a region far from the critical state. The anomaly of the temperature dependence of the diffusion of carbon dioxide in SCW can be explained using the microstructure features of the different states of the water. In addition, we observe that the IDDCs of oxygen are slightly larger than those of carbon dioxide under the same conditions.
Trends in Lung Cancer and Cigarette Smoking: California Compared to the Rest of the United States
Authors: Pierce John P. , Shi Yuyan , McMenamin Sara B. , Benmarhnia Tarik , Trinidad Dennis R. , Strong David R. , White Martha M. , Kealey Sheila , Hendrickson Erik M. , Stone Matthew D. , Villaseñor Adriana , Kwong Sandy , Zhang Xueying , Messer Karen 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Three cigarette smoking behaviors influence lung cancer rates: how many people start, the amount they smoke, and the age they quit. California has reduced smoking faster than the rest of the United States and trends in these three smoking behaviors should inform lung cancer trends. We examined trends in smoking behavior (initiation, intensity, and quitting) in California and the rest of United States by regression models using the 1974–2014 National Health Interview Surveys (n = 962,174). Lung cancer mortality data for 1970–2013 was obtained from the National Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. Among those aged 18 to 35 years, California had much larger declines than the rest of the United States in smoking initiation and intensity, and increased quitting. In 2012–2014, among this age group, only 18.6% [95% confidence interval (CI), 16.8%–20.3%] had ever smoked; smokers consumed only 6.3 cigarettes/day (95% CI, 5.6–7.0); and 45.7% (95% CI, 41.1%–50.4%) of ever-smokers had quit by age 35. Each of these metrics was at least 24% better than in the rest of the United States. There was no marked California effect on quitting or intensity among seniors. From 1986 to 2013, annual lung cancer mortality decreased more rapidly in California and by 2013 was 28% lower (62.6 vs. 87.5/100,000) than in the rest of the United States. California's tobacco control efforts were associated with a major reduction in cigarette smoking among those under age 35 years. These changes will further widen the lung cancer gap that already exists between California and the rest of the United States.
Different Genetic Expression Profiles of Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis-Related Genes in Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Iborra Marisa , Moret Inés , Rausell Francisco , Busó Enrique , Cerrillo Elena , Sáez-González Esteban , Nos Pilar , Beltrán Belén 
Published: October 2018

Background/Aims: Increased oxidative stress and decreased immune cell apoptosis have been reported to be important factors in the pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease (CD). Our aim was to characterize the genetic expression of molecules implicated in the regulation of oxidative stress and apoptosis in peripheral white mononuclear cells of 18 healthy volunteers (controls) and 20 patients at the onset of CD (active CD [aCD]): 10 who achieved remission (inactive CD [iCD]) and 10 who did not present a complete and deep response to treatment (aCD-T). Methods: mRNA expression was measured by the Agena MassARRAY quantitative gene expression analysis application. The genes analyzed were Fas-receptor (FASR), Fas-ligand (FASL), signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-­enhancer of activated B cells (NFKB1), apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), serine/threonine-protein kinase H1 (PSKH1), ATP-binding cassette sub-family B1 (ABCB1) and peptidylprolyl isomerase D (PPID). Results: During a CD flare, we found specific upregulated expression of the genes STAT1 and PSKH1, whereas ABCB1 and FASL were downregulated. In the patients with iCD, FASR and NFKB1 were upregulated. The expression levels of NFKB1, STAT1 and ABCB1 did not show any difference in patients with aCD at the onset of the disease and after treatment (aCD-T). The expression levels of PPID and ASK1 did not show any differences in the patients with aCD, iCD and the controls. We have also reviewed the cellular function and role of these genes in CD. Conclusions: These findings contribute to improving the understanding of the pathogenesis of CD and highlight potential genes involved.