bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La Transparencia en los gobiernos y los partidos políticos: aproximación y consenso en el caso de España
Authors: Pintado Pérez Francisco Javier , Paniagua Rojano Francisco Javier 
Published: September 2018

El objeto de estudio de este trabajo es el análisis de la transparencia en los partidos políticos en España. Entre los objetivos propuestos destacan delimitar los organismos políticos que deben estar sujetos a ello, definir los formatos más adecuados, identificar los fiscalizadores y las formas de control y, por último, describir la responsabilidad de los medios de comunicación y de la ciudadanía. Partimos de las hipótesis de que la Ley de Transparencia 19/2013, aunque marca un buen comienzo, no se ajusta a las necesidades actuales de transparencia y que el papel de transmisión de los medios es esencial, más que el de la ciudadanía, que también debe ser responsable mediante su fiscalización. Para esto, se recurre a la técnica metodológica Delphi, en la que se entrevistan a expertos que hayan trabajado en transparencia desde distintos ámbitos académicos. Se realizaron tres rondas, la primera con respuestas totalmente abiertas y las dos siguientes con respuestas cerradas cuantitativas. Los resultados nos indican qué es la trasparencia, sus funciones y sus formatos, además de una lista de indicadores que incluyen la información a publicar. También se extrae una lista de organismos que podrían estar afectados por la ley 19/2013 tanto públicos como privados, así como las formas conjuntas de control no centralizadas, evitando partidismos. Por último, se destaca la necesidad de pedagogía por parte de las instituciones y el papel de transmisión de los medios de comunicación, a la vez que el apoyo de la ciudadanía a este tipo de iniciativas. Una de las conclusiones más destacadas es la necesidad de aplicar formatos adecuados y que debe acercarse más al concepto de accountability, incluyendo capacidad sancionadora.
ShapeGTB: The role of local DNA shape in prioritization of functional variants in human promoters with machine learning
Authors: Malkowska Maja , Zubek Julian , Plewczynski Dariusz , Wyrwicz Lucjan S 
Published: September 2018

Motivation: The identification of functional sequence variations in regulatory DNA regions is one of the major challenges of modern genetics. Here, we report results of a combined multifactor analysis of properties characterizing functional sequence variants located in promoter regions of genes.
Results: We demonstrate that GC-content of the local sequence fragments and local DNA shape features play significant role in prioritization of functional variants and outscore features related to histone modifications, transcription factors binding sites, or evolutionary conservation descriptors. Those observations allowed us to build specialized machine learning classifier identifying functional SNPs within promoter regions – ShapeGTB. We compared our method with more general tools predicting pathogenicity of all non-coding variants. ShapeGTB outperformed them by a wide margin (AUC ROC 0.97 vs. 0.57-0.59). On the external validation set based on ClinVar database it displayed only slightly worse performance (AUC ROC 0.92 vs. 0.74-0.81). Such results suggest unique characteristics of mutations located within promoter regions and are a promising signal for the development of more accurate variant prioritization tools in the future.
Availability and implementation: The datasets and source code are publicly available at: https://github.com/zubekj/ShapeGTB.
TNFRSF10C methylation is a new epigenetic biomarker for colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhou Cong , Pan Ranran , Hu Haochang , Li Bin , Dai Jie , Ying Xiuru , Yu Hang , Zhong Jie , Mao Yiyi , Zhang Yihan , Wu Dongping , Duan Shiwei 
Published: September 2018

Background
Abnormal methylation of TNFRSF10C was found to be associated with different types of cancers, excluding colorectal cancer (CRC). In this paper, the performance of TNFRSF10C methylation in CRC was studied in two stages.

Method
The discovery stage was involved with 38 pairs of CRC tumor and paired adjacent non-tumor tissues, and 69 pairs of CRC tumor and paired adjacent non-tumor tissues were used for the validation stage. Quantitative methylation specific PCR (qMSP) method and percentage of methylated reference (PMR) were used to test and represent the methylation level of TNFRSF10C, respectively. A dual-luciferase reporter gene experiment was conducted to evaluate the promoter activity of TNFRSF10C fragment.

Results
A significant association of TNFRSF10C promoter hypermethylation with CRC was found and validated (discovery stage: 24.67 ± 7.52 vs. 3.36 ± 0.89; P = 0.003; validation stage: 31.21 ± 12.48 vs. 4.52 ± 1.47; P = 0.0005). Subsequent analyses of TCGA data among 46 pairs of CRC samples further confirmed our findings (cg23965061: P = 4E − 6; cg14015044: P = 1E − 7). Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay revealed that TNFRSF10C fragment was able to significantly promote gene expression (Fold change = 2.375, P = 0.013). Our data confirmed that TNFRSF10C promoter hypermethylation can predict shorter overall survival of CRC patients (P = 0.032). Additionally, bioinformatics analyses indicated that TNFRSF10C hypermethylation was significantly associated with lower TNFRSF10C expression.

Conclusion
Our work suggested that TNFRSF10C hypermethylation was significantly associated with the risk of CRC.
Maxent estimation of aquaticEscherichia colistream impairment
Authors: Gilfillan Dennis , Joyner Timothy A. , Scheuerman Phillip 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundThe leading cause of surface water impairment in United States’ rivers and streams is pathogen contamination. Although use of fecal indicators has reduced human health risk, current approaches to identify and reduce exposure can be improved. One important knowledge gap within exposure assessment is characterization of complex fate and transport processes of fecal pollution. Novel modeling processes can inform watershed decision-making to improve exposure assessment.MethodsWe used the ecological model, Maxent, and the fecal indicator bacteriumEscherichia colito identify environmental factors associated with surface water impairment.Samples were collected August, November, February, and May for 8 years on Sinking Creek in Northeast Tennessee and analyzed for 10 water quality parameters andE. coliconcentrations. Univariate and multivariate models estimated probability of impairment given the water quality parameters. Model performance was assessed using area under the receiving operating characteristic (AUC) and prediction accuracy, defined as the model’s ability to predict both true positives (impairment) and true negatives (compliance). Univariate models generated action values, or environmental thresholds, to indicate potentialE. coliimpairment based on a single parameter. Multivariate models predicted probability of impairment given a suite of environmental variables, and jack-knife sensitivity analysis removed unresponsive variables to elicit a set of the most responsive parameters.ResultsWater temperature univariate models performed best as indicated by AUC, but alkalinity models were the most accurate at correctly classifying impairment. Sensitivity analysis revealed that models were most sensitive to removal of specific conductance. Other sensitive variables included water temperature, dissolved oxygen, discharge, and NO3. The removal of dissolved oxygen improved model performance based on testing AUC, justifying development of two optimized multivariate models; a 5-variable model including all sensitive parameters, and a 4-variable model that excluded dissolved oxygen.DiscussionResults suggest thatE. coliimpairment in Sinking Creek is influenced by seasonality and agricultural run-off, stressing the need for multi-month sampling along a stream continuum. Although discharge was not predictive ofE. coliimpairment alone, its interactive effect stresses the importance of both flow dependent and independent processes associated withE. coliimpairment.This research also highlights the interactions between nutrient and fecal pollution, a key consideration for watersheds with multiple synergistic impairments. Although one indicator cannot mimic theplethora of existing pathogens in water, incorporating modeling can fine tune an indicator’s utility, providing information concerning fate, transport, and source of fecal pollution while prioritizing resources and increasing confidence in decision making.
Mixed and Matched Metallo‐Nanotexaphyrin for Customizable Biomedical Imaging
Authors: Keca Joseph M. , Valic Michael S. , Cheng Miffy H. Y. , Jiang Wenlei , Overchuk Marta , Chen Juan , Zheng Gang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe discovery and synthesis of multifunctional organic building blocks for nanoparticles have remained challenging. Texaphyrin macrocycles are multifunctional, all‐organic compounds that possess versatile metal‐chelation capabilities and unique theranostics properties for biomedical applications. Unfortunately, there are significant difficulties associated with the synthesis of texaphyrin‐based subunits capable of forming nanoparticles. Herein, the detailed synthesis of a texaphyrin‐phospholipid building block is reported via a key 1,2‐dinitrophenyl‐phospholipid intermediate, along with stable chelation of two clinically relevant metal ions into texaphyrin‐lipid without compromising their self‐assembly into texaphyrin nanoparticles or nanotexaphyrin. A postinsertion methodology to quantitatively insert a variety of metal‐ions into preformed nanotexaphyrins is developed and employed to synthesize a structurally stable, mixed 111indium‐manganese‐nanotexaphyrin for dual modal single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In vivo dual SPECT/MRI imaging of 111In‐Mn‐nanotexaphyrins in an orthotopic prostatic PC3 mouse model demonstrates complementary signal enhancement in the tumor with both modalities at 22 h post intravenous administration. This result highlights the utility of hybrid metallo‐nanotexaphyrins to achieve sensitive and accurate detection of tumors by accommodating multiple imaging modalities. The power of this mixed and matched metallo‐nanotexaphyrin strategy can be unleashed to allow a diverse range of multifunctional biomedical imaging.
Compelling Rejuvenated Catalytic Performance in Metallic Glasses
Authors: Liang Shun‐Xing , Jia Zhe , Liu Yu‐Jing , Zhang Wenchang , Wang Weimin , Lu Jian , Zhang Lai‐Chang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMetallic glasses (MGs) with the metastable nature and random atomic packing structure have attracted large attention in the catalytic family due to their superior catalytic performance. In contrast, their crystalline counterparts are restricted by the highly ordered packing structure, fewer surface active sites, and crystallographic defects for catalytic activity. The uncertainty of the different catalytic mechanisms and the intrinsic characteristics correlated to MGs and their crystalline counterparts become a major impediment to promote their catalytic efficiencies and widespread applications. Herein, it is reported that the excellent catalytic behavior in Fe‐based MGs goes through a detrimental effect with the partial crystallization, but receives a compelling rejuvenation in the full crystallization. Further investigation reveals that multiphase intermetallics with electric potential differences in fully crystallized alloys facilitate the formation of galvanic cells. More importantly, extensively reduced grain boundaries due to grain growth greatly weaken electron trapping and promote inner electron transportation. The relatively homogenous grain‐boundary corrosion in the intermetallics contributes to well‐separated phases after reaction, leading to refreshment of the surface active sites, thereby quickly activating hydrogen peroxide and rapidly degrading organic pollutants. The exploration of catalytic mechanisms in the crystalline counterparts of MGs provides significant insights into revolutionize novel catalysts.
The Worldwide Graphene Flake Production
Authors: Kauling Alan P. , Seefeldt Andressa T. , Pisoni Diego P. , Pradeep Roshini C. , Bentini Ricardo , Oliveira Ricardo V. B. , Novoselov Konstantin S. , Castro Neto Antonio H. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThere are hundreds of companies worldwide claiming to produce “graphene,” showing a large variation in its properties. A systematic and reliable protocol is developed to test graphene quality using electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, elemental analysis, X‐ray photoelectron spectrometry, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy, which is used to study graphene from 60 producers. The statistical nature of the liquid‐phase exfoliation of graphite is established. It is shown that the current classification of graphene flakes used in the market is erroneous. A new classification is proposed in terms of distribution functions for number of layers and flake size. It is shown unequivocally that the quality of the graphene produced in the world today is rather poor, not optimal for most applications, and most companies are producing graphite microplatelets. This is possibly the main reason for the slow development of graphene applications, which usually require a customized solution in terms of graphene properties. It is argued that the creation of stringent standards for graphene characterization and production, taking into account both the physical properties, as well as the requirements from the particular application, is the only way forward to create a healthy and reliable worldwide graphene market.
Bacteria‐Based Materials for Stem Cell Engineering
Authors: Hay Jake J. , Rodrigo‐Navarro Aleixandre , Petaroudi Michaela , Bryksin Anton V. , García Andrés J. , Barker Thomas H. , Dalby Matthew J. , Salmeron‐Sanchez Manuel 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMaterials can be engineered to deliver specific biological cues that control stem cell growth and differentiation. However, current materials are still limited for stem cell engineering as stem cells are regulated by a complex biological milieu that requires spatiotemporal control. Here a new approach of using materials that incorporate designed bacteria as units that can be engineered to control human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), in a highly dynamic‐temporal manner, is presented. Engineered Lactococcus lactis spontaneously colonizes a variety of material surfaces (e.g., polymers, metals, and ceramics) and is able to maintain growth and induce differentiation of hMSCs in 2D/3D surfaces and hydrogels. Controlled, dynamic, expression of fibronectin fragments supports stem cell growth, whereas inducible‐temporal regulation of secreted bone morphogenetic protein‐2 drives osteogenesis in an on‐demand manner. This approach enables stem cell technologies using material systems that host symbiotic interactions between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
Nanoporous Films and Nanostructure Arrays Created by Selective Dissolution of Water‐Soluble Materials
Authors: Kim Yoon Seo , Song Jaejung , Hwang Chihyun , Wang Xuejing , Wang Haiyan , MacManus‐Driscoll Judith L. , Song Hyun‐Kon , Cho Seungho 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHighly porous thin films and nanostructure arrays are created by a simple process of selective dissolution of a water‐soluble material, Sr3Al2O6. Heteroepitaxial nanocomposite films with self‐separated phases of a target material and Sr3Al2O6 are first prepared by physical vapor deposition. NiO, ZnO, and Ni1−xMgxO are used as the target materials. Only the Sr3Al2O6 phase in each nanocomposite film is selectively dissolved by dipping the film in water for 30 s at room temperature. This gentle and fast method minimizes damage to the remaining target materials and side reactions that can generate impurity phases. The morphologies and dimensions of the pores and nanostructures are controlled by the relative wettability of the separated phases on the growth substrates. The supercapacitor properties of the porous NiO films are enhanced compared to plain NiO films. The method can also be used to prepare porous films or nanostructure arrays of other oxides, metals, chalcogenides, and nitrides, as well as films or nanostructures with single‐crystalline, polycrystalline, or amorphous nature.
On the Evaluation of the Sensitivity Coefficient of Strain Sensors
Authors: Liu Ya‐Feng , Li Yuan‐Qing , Huang Pei , Hu Ning , Fu Shao‐Yun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSensitivity is one of the most important parameters for strain sensors. Appropriate evaluation of the sensitivity is of great significance in developing new strain sensors since, otherwise, misleading conclusions may be made. The estimation of the sensitivity coefficient of piezoresistive strain sensors based on the previously used expressions is highly dependent on the initial resistance R
0 and the sensor type (namely positive or negative). Here, it is clearly displayed that this will result in large inaccuracies in the sensitivity coefficient evaluation. Based on the modified expression by replacing R
0 with the instantaneous resistance R, the data for the sensitivity coefficient reported in literature are re‐estimated. The results reveal that most of the so‐called records reported in literature of the sensitivity coefficient are overestimated. The highest gauge factor reported so far is corrected from 1 000 000 to only 3313. On the other hand, the sensitivity coefficient for negative piezoresistive sensors is shown to be somewhat underestimated.
Investigation of gas–liquid two‐phase flow field behavior based on computational fluid dynamics in a water‐sparged aerocyclone
Authors: Qiu Facheng , Wu Haifeng , Quan Xuejun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe water‐sparged aerocyclone (WSA) is a new type of high efficient gas–liquid mass transfer equipment. The focus of this paper is to investigate the gas–liquid interaction, the distribution pattern of the flow field, and the distribution characteristics of turbulent kinetic energy in the coupled space of WSA. The Reynolds stress model and the multiphase flow model of volume of fluid were employed to simulate the distribution of three‐dimensional flow field in WSA, simultaneously. In present work, the numerical simulation results match well with the measured pressure drop data. The simulation results show that the symmetry of the velocity distribution of the coupled field is weakened, and the decay rate of turbulent kinetic energy is raised with the increase of gas inlet velocity. The maximum value of the axial velocity occurs a phenomenon of metastasis from the vicinity of the wall to the center of the exhaust pipe along the radial distribution. The radial velocity reaches a maximum near the center of the coupling field. The tangential velocity distribution has peak areas near the WSA wall and near the central exhaust pipe, respectively. The research results can provide the basis for the optimal design and industrial scale‐up of WSA.
Modified ex utero intrapartum treatment procedure in a bicornuate uterus breech presentation Pierre Robin fetus with severe micrognathia and cleft palate
Authors: Duek Irit , Gil Ziv , Solt Ido 
Published: September 2018

Key Clinical MessageThorough prenatal evaluation allows for identification of fetuses with compromised airway. The ex utero intrapartum treatment procedure enables maintaining uteroplacental circulation during cesarean section while securing a potentially obstructed fetal airway, converting a potentially catastrophic situation into a controlled one. An expert multidisciplinary team is the key to success.
Adsorptive Removal of As(V) Ions from Water using Graphene Oxide‐Manganese Ferrite and Titania Nanotube‐Manganese Ferrite Hybrid Nanomaterials
Authors: Shahrin Sazreen , Lau Woei-Jye , Goh Pei-Sean , Jaafar Juhana , Ismail Ahmad Fauzi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this study, two types of novel hybrid nanomaterials, i.e., graphene oxide‐manganese ferrite (GMF) and titania nanotube‐manganese ferrite (TMF), were synthesized and used as adsorbent for removing arsenate (As(V)) ions from water via adsorption mechanisms. The synthesized nanomaterials were characterized by different techniques prior to use in the adsorption process. Batch adsorption studies revealed that the maximum adsorption capacities of GMF and TMF against As(V) are 102.0 and 80.8 mg g−1, respectively, when tested using feed water solution containing 400 ppm As(V).
Electrochemical Material Processing via Continuous Charge‐Discharge Cycling: Enhanced Performance upon Cycling for Porous LaMnO3 Perovskite Supercapacitor Electrodes
Authors: Shafi P. Muhammed , Bose A. Chandra , Vinu Ajayan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCreating controlled porous morphologies in smart materials offers a significant enhancement in their properties, which can not only open access to various applications, but also improve their efficiency and performance. Among smart materials, porous carbon electrodes have been receiving much attention owing to their smooth and faster ionic kinetics in regard to their electrode‐electrolyte interface, which is promising for the development of high performance devices with a prolonged lifetime. Various techniques including soft and hard templating approaches are available for controlling the pore structure and morphological control of these porous carbon nanostructures, used as negative electrodes. However, reports on stable porous positive electrodes are quite limited. Here, we report on porous LaMnO3 electrodes and their application in symmetric supercapacitors exhibiting high energy and power densities over prolonged lifetime (>110,000 cycles). We demonstrate that a simple electrochemical cycling process can be used as an efficient tool to create proper channels by interconnecting the adjacent pores of the porous electrode material to facilitate smooth and faster ionic transport or intercalation/deintercalation of electrolyte species into the electrode surface. The creation of channels and preconditioning of the electrode surface are well investigated by analysing the voltammogram at various cycles and supports the enhancement of the supercapacitance even after myriad cycles.
Exfoliation of Graphene by Dendritic Water‐Soluble Zinc Phthalocyanine Amphiphiles in Polar Media
Authors: Methfessel Christian D. , Volland Michel , Brunner Kristin , Wibmer Leonie , Hahn Uwe , de la Torre Gema , Torres Tomás , Hirsch Andreas , Guldi Dirk M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTwo zinc phthalocyanines (ZnPcs) have been equipped with Newkome‐type dendritic branches of increasing size and number of terminal carboxylate functional groups. The negatively charged carboxylates render these polyelectrolytes soluble in polar media such as methanol or buffered water. Sonication of the ZnPcs with graphene allowed for pronounced non‐covalent binding of the ZnPc moieties on the graphene surface. These hybrid systems were fully characterized via UV/Vis, AFM, TEM, Raman and transient absorption spectroscopy, yielding insights into the electron donating nature of the novel phthalocyanine structures.
Stereoselective conjugate addition of ketones to alkylidene malonates using thiourea‐sulfonamide organocatalyst
Authors: Kawada Masahiro , Nakashima Kosuke , Hirashima Shin‐ichi , Sakagami Toru , Koseki Yuji , Miura Tsuyoshi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this study, stereoselective conjugate addition of ketones to alkylidene malonates using organocatalyst has been developed. The reaction in the presence of 20 mol% of a novel thiourea‐sulfonamide organocatalyst afforded conjugate adducts in moderate to high yields (up to 81%) under mild reaction conditions. Excellent diastereoselectivity (up to 98:2 dr) and enantioselectivity (up to 88% ee) were achieved.