bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hospital nurses and physicians’ experiences practicing patient safety work to recognize deteriorating patients: a qualitative study
Authors: Berg Astrid Marie Nysted , Werner Anne , Knutsen Ingrid Ruud , Johannessen Anne-Kari 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Measures to increase patient safety work aim to prevent patient harm and injuries in hospitals and are a priority worldwide. Several hospitals have implemented various rapid response systems to strengthen patient safety. Knowledge is limited concerning how health professionals interact and how they experience competence development and master emergency situations. The aim of the study was to explore and describe hospital nurses’ and physicians’ experiences with patient safety work, and the implications of this work for collaboration and competence in a hospital.

Methods
We used a qualitative descriptive design and interviewed 21 nurses and physicians from a hospital in Norway. Data were analysed with systematic text condensation, a four-step thematic cross-case analysis. The study adheres to the COREQ guidelines for conducting qualitative research.

Results
Through analysis, three categories were identified: strengthening a common clinical language for patient deterioration; sharing and transferring competencies across hospital wards and amongst professionals; and balancing time pressure and limited resources. The results showed that the patient safety work contributed to building bridges between health professionals and across hospital levels regarding deteriorating patients. It also provided structure and systematization to the hospital professionals’ work with deteriorating patients. However, the results also demonstrated the complexity of maintaining patient safety, pointing to the need to balance limited time and resources in hospital.

Conclusions
The patient safety work presumably provides better emergency care, which may enhance patient safety in hospital. The complexity of hospital work, however, can influence the patient safety performance negatively, requiring health professionals to adopt robust, up-to-date skills and competencies in observing and assessing patient deterioration. In a busy hospital setting, the ability of health professionals to collaborate and communicate is important as they are faced with the challenges of balancing time-pressure and limited resources, which can potentially compromise patient safety work.
A hill tribe community advisory board in Northern Thailand: lessons learned one year on
Authors: Perrone Carlo , Kanthawang Nipaphan , Cheah Phaik Yeong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNorthern Thailand and its neighbouring regions are home to several minority ethnic groups known as hill tribes, each with their own language and customs. Hill tribe communities live mostly in remote agricultural communities, face barriers in accessing health, and have a lower socio-economic status compared to the main Thai ethnic group. Due to their increased risk of infectious diseases, they are often participants in our research projects.To make sure our work is in line with the interests of hill tribe communities and respects their beliefs and customs, we set up a hill tribe community advisory board. We consult the members before, during, and after our projects are carried out. This manuscript recounts how we set up the community advisory board and our reflections following one year of activities. Our experience strongly supports engaging with community advisory boards when working with minority ethnic groups in lower and middle-income settings. In particular, we found that over time, as researchers and members familiarise with one another and their respective environments, exchanges gain meaning and benefits increase, stressing the advantages of long-term collaborations over short or project-based ones.
Quantifying the association between PM2.5 air pollution and IQ loss in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alter Naomi C. , Whitman Ella M. , Bellinger David C. , Landrigan Philip J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
A growing body of epidemiologic and toxicologic literature indicates that fine airborne particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution is neurotoxic and threatens children’s neurobehavioral development, resulting in reduced cognitive function. Understanding the magnitude of this effect is critical for establishing public health policies that will protect children’s health, preserve human capital, and support societal progress.

Objective
To quantify the association between ambient PM2.5 air pollution and loss of cognitive function in children, as measured by Intelligence Quotient (IQ) scores, through a systematic literature review and meta-analysis.

Methods
Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic literature search across seven databases: Agricultural and Environmental Science, BIOSIS Citation Index, Embase, GreenFILE, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify original scientific studies that investigated the impact of PM2.5 exposure during pre-and postnatal periods on IQ loss during childhood. Using data from studies included for final review, we conducted a meta-analysis, using a random effects model to compute a beta coefficient that quantifies the overall effect of PM2.5 exposure on Full-Scale IQ (FSIQ), Performance IQ (PIQ), and Verbal IQ (VIQ).

Findings
Of the 1,107 unique publications identified, six studies met the inclusion criteria for final review, representing 4,860 children across three continents (North America, Europe, and Asia). The mean PM2.5 concentration across all studies was 30.4 ± 24.4 µg/m3. Exposure timing ranged from the prenatal period to mid-childhood. Children were an average of 8.9 years old at the time of cognitive testing. We found that each 1 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentration is associated with a -0.27 point change in FSIQ (p < 0.001), 0.39 point change in PIQ (p = 0.003), and -0.24 point change in VIQ (p = 0.021).

Conclusion
Through a systematic review and meta-analysis, we identified a statistically significant relationship between increased exposure to PM2.5 air pollution and reduced cognitive function in children, with the most pronounced impact on PIQ. This analysis will enable estimation of the burden of adverse neurobehavioral development attributable to PM2.5 in pediatric populations and will inform local and global strategies for exposure prevention.
Some generalized inequalities involving extended beta and gamma functions for several variables
Authors: Mubeen S. , Aslam I. , Khammash Ghazi S. , Nadarajah Saralees , Shehata Ayman 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRecently, extensions of the gamma and beta functions have been studied due to their appealing properties and wide range of applications in various scientific fields. This note aims to investigate generalized inequalities associated with the extended beta and gamma functions.
Identifying signals of memory from observations of animal movements
Authors: Kim Dongmin , Thompson Peter R. , Wolfson David W. , Merkle Jerod A. , Oliveira-Santos L. G. R. , Forester James D. , Avgar Tal , Lewis Mark A. , Fieberg John 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIncorporating memory (i.e., some notion of familiarity or experience with the landscape) into models of animal movement is a rising challenge in the field of movement ecology. The recent proliferation of new methods offers new opportunities to understand how memory influences movement. However, there are no clear guidelines for practitioners wishing to parameterize the effects of memory on moving animals. We review approaches for incorporating memory into step-selection analyses (SSAs), a frequently used movement modeling framework. Memory-informed SSAs can be constructed by including spatial-temporal covariates (or maps) that define some aspect of familiarity (e.g., whether, how often, or how long ago the animal visited different spatial locations) derived from long-term telemetry data. We demonstrate how various familiarity covariates can be included in SSAs using a series of coded examples in which we fit models to wildlife tracking data from a wide range of taxa. We discuss how these different approaches can be used to address questions related to whether and how animals use information from past experiences to inform their future movements. We also highlight challenges and decisions that the user must make when applying these methods to their tracking data. By reviewing different approaches and providing code templates for their implementation, we hope to inspire practitioners to investigate further the importance of memory in animal movements using wildlife tracking data.
Nuclear medicine imaging in non-seminomatous germ cell tumors: lessons learned from the past failures
Authors: Ayati Narjess , Askari Emran , Fotouhi Maryam , Soltanabadi Masume , Aghaee Atena , Roustaei Hesamoddin , Scott Andrew M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThere is an unmet need for a more accurate molecular imaging radiotracer in the field of non-seminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT). The clinical problem is that no single imaging modality is able to differentiate teratoma from necrotic tissue in NSGCTs, which the nuclear medicine techniques are no exception. The exponential growth in the list of potentially promising radiotracers may hold promise in the future for imaging of NSGCTs. Here, we have reviewed the past efforts and potential future advances in this field.
Early sexual debut and pregnancy termination: uncovering the link among sexually active young women in 23 sub-Saharan African countries
Authors: Bolarinwa Obasanjo Afolabi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Unplanned pregnancy could be a socio-economic burden for many young women in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) which often leads to pregnancy termination. The role of age at sexual debut in pregnancy termination in countries with lower income remains unknown. Hence, this study examines the association between age at sexual debut and pregnancy termination among sexually active young women between the ages of 15 -24 in 23 SSA countries.

Methods
Cross-sectional secondary datasets from the most recent Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 23 countries in SSA conducted between 2010 and 2018 among 34,343 sexually active young women were analysed using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression to examine the association between age at sexual debut and pregnancy termination with statistical significance of p < 0.05.

Results
The pooled prevalence of pregnancy termination among sexually active young women in SSA was 11.00%. Higher odds of pregnancy termination were found among those who had early sexual debut (below 16 years) [(aOR = 1.34, 95% CI = (1.22–1.48)] compared to those who had late sexual debut. Furthermore, those who were exposed to mass media [(aOR = 1.29, 95% CI = (1.16–1.43)] were more likely to report pregnancy termination compared to those who were not exposed. On the other hand, those residing in rural areas and those within the richest wealth index were associated with lower odds of pregnancy termination.

Conclusion
The study concluded that early sexual debut of sexually active young women in SSA was significantly associated with pregnancy termination. Mass media exposure was found to be a risk factor for pregnancy termination whilst residing in rural areas, and those within the richest wealth index were protective factors. Interventions should be designed to target young women with early sexual debut to provide comprehensive sexual and reproductive health education to enable them to make informed decisions on pregnancy termination.
Impact of Bone Metastasis in Stage IV Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Durvalumab and Tremelimumab With or Without Chemotherapy: A Retrospective Analysis of the CCTG BR.34 Trial
Authors: Annageldiyev Charyguly , Gaudreau Pierre-Olivier , Leitzel Kim , Ali Suhail M. , Ding Keyue , Leighl Natasha B. , Vera Badillo Francisco Emilio , Bradbury Penelope Ann , Goss Glenwood D. , Shepherd Lois E. , Costa Luis , Suva Larry J. , Hughes Brett G.M. , Stockler Martin R. , Drabick Joseph J. , Ma Patrick C. , Joshi Monika , Moku Prashanth , Polimera Hyma V. , Louis Patricia , Ramachandrula Priya , Lipton Allan 
Published: November 2024

PURPOSE
This retrospective analysis examines the impact of bone metastasis on outcomes in patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from the CCTG BR.34 trial, which investigated the combined immune checkpoint blockade.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The CCTG BR.34 trial was a randomized phase II study assessing durvalumab plus tremelimumab, with or without platinum-doublet chemotherapy, in 301 patients with metastatic NSCLC. Patients were categorized into two cohorts on the basis of bone metastasis: cohort A (n = 129) and cohort B (n = 172). The primary end point was overall survival (OS), analyzed using Cox regression and multivariable models.

RESULTS

Patients with bone metastasis had notably poorer outcomes. The median OS was 10.9 months for those with bone metastasis versus 18.7 months for those without (hazard ratio [HR] 1.68,
P
= .001). The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3.4 months with bone metastasis compared with 7.2 months without (HR, 1.82,
P
< .0001). The overall response rate (ORR) was lower in patients with bone metastasis (29.5%) compared with those without (45.9%; odds ratio [OR], 0.52,
P
= .01). Adding chemotherapy to durvalumab plus tremelimumab did not significantly affect OS (
P
= .23), PFS (
P
= .84), or ORR (
P
= .25) in relation to bone metastasis. Multivariable analysis reaffirmed that bone metastasis was linked to decreased OS (HR, 1.42,
P
= .036), PFS (HR, 1.69,
P
< .0001), and ORR (OR, 0.52,
P
= .01).

CONCLUSION
Bone metastasis was associated with worse outcomes in this dual immune checkpoint blockade trial, with or without chemotherapy. Future trials should consider bone metastasis as a stratification factor and explore combining immune checkpoint inhibitors with targeted therapies addressing bone microenvironment factors (eg, interleukin-8, PTHrP, and transforming growth factor-β).
Evaluation of the Impact of Monitoring for Tumor Lysis During Venetoclax Ramp-Up in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia in Routine Clinical Practice
Authors: Ghosh Nilanjan , Matusz-Fisher Ashley , Bose Rupali , Boselli Danielle , Magee Gray , Chen Tommy , Hu Bei , Moyo Tamara , Soni Amy , Park Steven , Copelan Edward , Avalos Belinda , Symanowski James , Raghavan Derek , Jacobs Ryan 
Published: November 2024

PURPOSE
Venetoclax has made a significant impact in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) due to its ability to induce deep and durable remissions with a finite duration of oral therapy. However, it can lead to tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) which is mitigated with dose escalation strategies. Patients who initiate venetoclax need to follow rigorous, and potentially burdensome, TLS monitoring during dose ramp-up. The frequency with which this rigorous monitoring leads to therapeutic interventions in clinical practice has not been well described. We conducted a study to assess the incidence of TLS and interventions needed after initiation of venetoclax in patients with CLL.

METHODS
Adult patients with CLL who started treatment with venetoclax between July 2017 and March 2021 at Levine Cancer Institute were included in this study. Adherence to the venetoclax package insert (PI) for tumor lysis monitoring, incidence of laboratory as well as clinical TLS, and interventions resulting from the monitoring of TLS were collected.

RESULTS
We report outcomes on 73 consecutive patients with CLL who initiated venetoclax. The majority of patients had low (49%) or medium (44%) tumor burden. During venetoclax ramp-up, 66% of patients adhered strictly to TLS monitoring as per the venetoclax PI. One patient developed laboratory TLS, and no patients developed clinical TLS. Six patients received unplanned interventions to treat TLS; all had medium or high tumor burden. There were no unplanned interventions in patients with low tumor burden.

CONCLUSION
In patients with low and medium tumor burden CLL who start venetoclax, the incidence of TLS is very low, and interventions are uncommonly needed.
Intraprocedural Three-Dimensional Imaging Registration Optimizes Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Guided Focused Ultrasound and Facilitates Novel Applications
Authors: Qiu Liming , Pomeraniec I. Jonathan , Howard Susanna D. , Ajmera Sonia , Bagley Linda J. , Cajigas Iahn , Kennedy Benjamin C. , Halpern Casey H. 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Transcranial magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) has revolutionized ablative treatment of essential tremor in recent years. However, limitations in precision targeting may account for suboptimal efficacy and significant side effects. We describe a simple intraprocedural three-dimensional image-guided lesion shaping technique that can improve overall outcomes of MRgFUS for essential tremor and facilitate expansion to novel indications.

METHODS:
A retrospective review of 84 consecutive MRgFUS procedures performed at Pennsylvania Hospital was performed. Comparison of patient demographics, treatment parameters, and clinical outcomes before and after implementation of this protocol was conducted. Further application of this technique in pallidotomy treatments and ablative disconnection of hypothalamic hamartoma are described.

RESULTS:
After implementation, the median of total number of sonications (7 vs 9, P = .001), number of therapeutic sonications (3 vs 4, P < .0001), and interval time between the first and last sonication (46:10 vs 68:53 minutes, P = .0004) were significantly reduced. Patients expressed greater satisfaction of treatment (94.1% vs 82.4%, P = .018), greater global impression of change (CGI) (7 vs 6, P = .033), and reduced median number of side effects at 6 months (0 vs 1, P = .026). We also successfully implemented this protocol for novel indications.

CONCLUSION:
Intraprocedural lesion shaping for MRgFUS is a simple and versatile imaging protocol augmentation that improves ablation precision and can improve treatment efficacy and broader neurological application.
Role of Vitamin D in Allergic Diseases
Authors: Szydziak Joanna Maria , Hrapkowicz Aleksandra , Janowska Kinga , Dąbkowska Daria , Szeidl Olga , Rehan Dominika , Wołoszczak Julia , Mioskowska Agnieszka 
Published: November 2024

Introductions: Vitamin D has gained recognition in recent decades not only as a key regulator of calcium and phosphorus metabolism and bone health but also as an important factor modulating the immune system. Research indicates that vitamin D influences both innate and adaptive immune responses, which is significant in the treatment of allergic and inflammatory diseases. Vitamin D has a beneficial effect on asthma exacerbations and may help reduce respiratory inflammation, as well as alleviate symptoms of allergic rhinitis. Vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk of food allergies, worsen symptoms of atopic dermatitis, and contribute to the transition from acute to chronic urticaria. Conversely, supplementation may help prevent allergies, reduce the severity of atopic dermatitis by supporting skin barrier function and antimicrobial peptide production, and relieve symptoms in patients with chronic urticaria. Purpose of the study: The review article aims to present the current state of knowledge on the role of vitamin D in the treatment of asthma, allergic rhinitis, food allergies, atopic dermatitis, chronic urticaria, and eczema. Material and methods: To summarize the current knowledge on the topic, a literature review of English language papers with a focus on the most current literature was performed. The review was conducted with the PubMed database with 64 works used, accessed before October 2024. Conclusions: Although the impact of blood vitamin D levels on the development and progression of allergic diseases has not yet been fully clarified, scientific studies suggest its significant role in modulating immune responses. Due to its immunoregulatory properties, vitamin D offers new hope for more effective treatment and prevention of allergic diseases.
The Powers and Perils of Solitude: Perspectives from Eighteenth-Century French Literature, Religion, and Medicine
Authors: Vila Anne 
Published: November 2024

This article examines various meanings of solitude in eighteenth-century Europe, with emphasis on French thought and culture. Part 1 is a survey of literary representations of solitude and contemplation. Part II is devoted to the Jansenist convulsionnaires, Catholic dissidents who took part in a larger appeal against the repressive Unigenitus Bull of 1713. Although the convulsionary movement sought to attract crowds and publicity, it was also grounded in a Jansenist tradition of spiritual retreat that was emulated by the movement’s de facto patron saint, the appellant deacon François de Pâris. Part III features writings by Zimmermann and Tissot, who medicalized solitude for three reasons: belief in the ethos of sociability, concern over the pathogenic powers of the imagination, and suspicion towards the passions that drove some people to fix their minds exclusively on certain ideas. To show solitude’s harmful consequences for those who spent too much time absorbed in ideas, they made intriguing connections between secular knowledge-seekers and the religiously devout. The Jansenist convulsionnaires were one of the dangerously zealous groups whom they cited to illustrate their arguments.
PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT – INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Szpak Agnieszka , Bar Monika , Kemp Eric 
Published: November 2024

This review essay outlines, examines and compares two approaches to the environment – the international human rights law approach and the international humanitarian law approach. International community is in the middle of a climate emergency, facing societal collapse and the possible extinction of our species in the future. Hence, we might or we should use any legal weapon we can – including international human rights law and international humanitarian law – to confer as much protection on the environment as we can. The main research questions are: Which of these approaches better protects the environment? Which is closer to the idea that the environment should not only be protected but should have its rights? Where the environment is protected for its value for humans and where for its inherent value? The research methods used in the paper are content analysis of the relevant literature and legal analysis of human rights law and international humanitarian law treaties.
The authors conclude that human rights law approach is more progressive and would offer better protection to the environment, even though it is still anthropocentric. Consequently, a human right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment has to be anthropocentric. As to international humanitarian law, international policy has a long way to go before the welfare of the whole ecosystem is adequately recognised and protected in armed conflicts. While international humanitarian law is also anthropocentric and generally neglects to safeguard nature, some principles can be inferred to offer nominal protection in times of conflict at all levels: custom, general principles and treaties.