bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic Monteggia
Authors: Soni Jamil F. , Valenza Weverley R. , Pavelec Anna Carolina 
Published: December 2018

Purpose of review
The chronic Monteggia may lead to pain, mobility limitation, progressive valgus deformity, lateral elbow instability, late ulnar nerve paralysis, and degenerative changes. In this review, we discuss the current procedures in the literature focused on correcting chronic Monteggia to avoid these complications.

Recent findings
Correction of the ulnar deformity with elongation and angulation of the ulna in the opposite direction of the dislocation of the radial head is the most important factor for the reduction and consequent preservation of the radial head. This correction reestablishes the relation of the ulna with the radius and increases the space of the interosseous membrane, providing greater stability after the reduction. The correction may be performed in the acute phase and stabilized with a properly molded plate and screws, or done progressively with an external fixator.

Summary
The chronic Monteggia may occur along with undiagnosed lesions, such as plastic deformation of the ulna with radial head dislocation, or after an unsuccessfully treated acute Monteggia lesion. This condition may go unnoticed, thus requiring attention to the physical examination and imaging tests. Chronic Monteggia may be treated by ulnar osteotomy with progressive correction with an external fixator. However, the most common treatment is transverse proximal ulnar osteotomy, capsulotomy and removal interposed tissue, reduction of the radial head to the capitellum and temporary transcapitellar fixation, ulnar fixation with a straight plate molded to the ulnar deformity, which is usually deviated dorsally, removal of the transcapitellar Kirschner-wire, stability test, and, if necessary, annular ligament reconstruction.
Factors Associated With Responsiveness to Gait and Balance Training in People With Parkinson Disease
Authors: Löfgren Niklas , Conradsson David , Joseph Conran , Leavy Breiffni , Hagströmer Maria , Franzén Erika 
Published: December 2018

Background and Purpose:
Although increasing evidence supports the benefit- of exercise among people with Parkinson disease (PwPD), it is unclear whether a given exercise modality suits all PwPD, given the heterogeneity of the disease. The purpose of this study was to explore factors associated with responsiveness to a highly challenging training intervention that incorporated dual-task exercises.

Methods:
Forty-seven PwPD (mean age: 73 years; 19 females, Hoehn and Yahr stages 2-3) who had participated in 10 weeks of highly challenging gait and balance training were included. Baseline demographics, disease-related factors, physical and cognitive ability, and perceived health were used for the prediction of percent change in balance performance (the Mini-BESTest) and comfortable gait speed between the pre- and postassessments, using multiple linear regression analyses.

Results:
Thirty-five percent of the variance of change in balance performance was explained by General Health Perceptions (β = −0.36), the Timed Up and Go test (β = −0.33), and the single-task performance of a cognitive task (β = −0.24). Forty-nine percent of change in gait speed was explained by gait speed while performing a dual task (β = −0.46), dual-task interference while walking (β = 0.43), time to complete the Timed Up and Go test (β = −0.29), and percent error on a cognitive task (β = −0.25).

Discussion and Conclusions:
The results may suggest that the PwPD with overall lower perceived health, functional mobility, and cognitive functions are the ones most likely to benefit from highly challenging and attention-demanding gait and balance training.

Video Abstract available for more insights from the authors (see Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, available at: http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A240).
Milestones in Plastic Surgery: Attending Assessment versus Resident Assessment
Authors: Chow Ian , Nguyen Vu T. , Losee Joseph E. , Goldstein Jesse A. , Spiess Alexander M. , Solari Mario G. , Rubin J. Peter , Gusenoff Jeffrey A. 
Published: December 2018

Background:
The Plastic Surgery Milestones Project was jointly conceived by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and the American Board of Plastic Surgery as a tool to improve granularity in resident feedback. Resident self-evaluations were compared to attending clinical competency committee evaluations to gauge resident self-perceptions and understanding of the milestones framework.

Methods:
Semiannual evaluations from June of 2014 to 2017 were analyzed and compared with corresponding resident self-evaluations from the 2015 to 2017 academic year at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. Evaluations were analyzed for overall trends in performance. The presence of systemic differences between each type of evaluation were determined using Student’s t tests. Subgroup analysis using the chi-square test was performed to determine factors that may contribute to major assessment disparity (≥1).

Results:
Six thousand two hundred seven milestones across 187 faculty evaluations and 3139 milestones across 106 resident self-evaluations were available for review. With the exception of postgraduate year–2 residents, residents rated themselves at a significantly lower level in the competencies of medical education and patient care. Postgraduate year, academic year timing, and Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education competency were associated with major assessment discrepancies.

Conclusions:
Overall, resident and faculty evaluations at the authors’ program were concordant, which demonstrates that residents are capable of accurately assessing their own abilities and understanding the milestones framework. Areas of discordance between resident and faculty evaluations fostered discussion between residents and faculty and have led to multiple changes in the authors’ program. The introduction of self-evaluation tools at other programs may provide them with similar benefits.
An Electrophysiological Biomarker That May Predict Treatment Response to ECT
Authors: Scangos Katherine W. , Weiner Richard D. , Coffey Edward C. , Krystal Andrew D. 
Published: December 2018

Objective
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most effective treatment for major depression but also carries risk of cognitive side effects. The ability to predict whether treatment will be effective before initiation of treatment could significantly improve quality of care, reduce suffering, and diminish costs. We sought to carry out a comprehensive and definitive study of the relationship between the background electroencephalography (EEG) and therapeutic response to ECT.

Methods
Twenty-one channel resting EEG was collected pre-ECT and 2 to 3 days after ECT course from 2 separate data sets, one to develop an EEG model of therapeutic response (n = 30) and a second to test this model (n = 40). A 3-way principal components analysis was applied and coherence and spectral amplitude across 6 frequency bands were examined. The primary outcome measure was the Montgomery-Asberg Rating Scale (MADRS).

Results
Four patterns of amplitude and coherence along with baseline MADRS score accounted for 85% of the variance in posttreatment course MADRS score in study 1 (R
2 = 0.85, F = 11.7, P < 0.0002) and 53% of the variance in MADRS score in study 2 (R
2 = 0.53, F = 5.5, P < 0.003). Greater pre-ECT course anterior delta coherence accounted for the majority of variance in therapeutic response (study 1: R
2 = 0.44, P = 0.01; study 2: R
2 = 0.16, P = 0.008).

Conclusions
These results suggest a putative electrophysiological biomarker that can predict therapeutic response before a course of ECT. Greater baseline anterior delta coherence is significantly associated with a better subsequent therapeutic response and could be indicative of intact circuitry allowing for improved seizure propagation.
Family Presence During Electroconvulsive Therapy
Authors: Elias Alby , Ang Angela , Schneider Andrew , George Kuruvilla 
Published: December 2018

Background
The practice of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is often hampered by stigma and myths prevailing among patients and families. Family attendance at ECT has not been systematically studied.

Methods
From January 2017 to May 2018, 69 consecutive patients were approached for family attendance at ECT. The inclusion criteria for entry to the ECT suite were consent from families and patients, age older than 18 years, and 1 family member at a time. After watching ECT, family members completed a multiple-choice questionnaire regarding their experience.

Results
Twenty-one family members watched ECT. A majority viewed the idea of attendance at ECT as reassuring, and a few indicated that it was anxiety provoking. Five participants (24%) felt distressed while watching the procedure, whereas 16 family members rated their experience as comfortable or rewarding (76%). In terms of the outcome, a clear majority have responded that watching the procedure alleviated their fears of ECT or provided transformative knowledge, whereas others felt no change in their attitude toward ECT (71% vs 29%). Most of the participants recommended watching ECT to other family members, whereas a minority was uncertain about their opinion (62% vs 38%). There were no adverse effects, premature exit from the ECT suite, interferences with treatment, or litigations.

Conclusions
A clear majority of families viewed their attendance at ECT as a beneficial experience. Family presence during ECT may have the potential to promulgate its practice by reducing stigma and misconceptions.
Ketamine Versus Midazolam for Depression Relapse Prevention Following Successful Electroconvulsive Therapy
Authors: Finnegan Martha , Galligan Toni , Ryan Karen , Shanahan Enda , Harkin Andrew , Daly Leslie , McLoughlin Declan M. 
Published: December 2018

Objective
Depression relapse after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is common (40% at 6 months). Ketamine has a robust antidepressant effect, but there are no reported studies of ketamine for depression relapse prevention. This pilot trial (NCT02414932) was designed to assess feasibility of the proposed trial protocol, including examining reasons for nonrecruitment, nonrandomization, and dropout.

Methods
Patients with unipolar depression referred for ECT were monitored weekly for therapeutic response, using the 24-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (monitoring phase). Those who met standard response criteria were invited to be randomized to a course of 4 once-weekly infusions of ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) or the active comparator, midazolam (0.045 mg/kg), over 40 minutes to examine trial processes (treatment phase). Participants were followed up for 6 months after ECT to assess for relapse.

Results
One hundred seventy-five referrals were screened over 18 months, and 68% of eligible participants (n = 43) were recruited to the monitoring phase; 60.5% of participants met ECT response criteria (n = 26), but only 26% (6) of these consented to take part in the treatment phase. These were randomized (3 to ketamine and 3 to midazolam), and no participant completed the 4-week treatment protocol. Information was gathered on reasons for nonrecruitment, nonrandomization, and dropout, which included practical aspects of infusions and lack of interest in further treatment after response to ECT.

Conclusions
The proposed treatment protocol is not suitable for a definitive trial in our center. Information collected on reasons for dropout may inform future clinical trials of intravenous ketamine.
Trial registration: www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT02414932.
In Troyer syndrome Spartin loss induces Complex I impairments and alters pyruvate metabolism
Authors: Diquigiovanni Chiara , Bergamini Christian , Diaz Rebeca , Liparulo Irene , Bianco Francesca , Masin Luca , Tranchina Antonia , Buscherini Francesco , Wischmeijer Titia Anita , Pippucci Tommaso , Scarano Emanuela , Cordelli Duccio Maria , Fato Romana , Lucocq John Milton , Seri Marco , Paracchini Silvia , Bonora Elena 
Published: December 2018

AbstractGrowth delay and retardation are complex phenotypes which can results by a range of factors including genetics variants. We identified a novel homozygous frameshift mutation, c.892dupA, in SPART gene, in two brothers with short stature and psychomotor retardation, born from healthy consanguineous parents. Mutations in SPART are the cause of Troyer syndrome, an autosomal recessive form of spastic paraplegia resulting in muscle weakness, short stature and cognitive defects. SPART encodes for Spartin, a protein with different cellular functions, such as endosomal trafficking and mitochondrial stability.We evaluated the effects of Spartin loss by transiently silencing SPART in human neural stem cells (hNSCs) and by generating an SH-SY5Y cell line model carrying the c.892dupA mutation via CRISPR/Cas9. In both models, we observed an altered neuronal growth and an increase in neurite outgrowth. In the SH-SY5Y cell line carrying the c.892dupA mutation, Spartin absence led to an altered distribution of mitochondria, and to a severe decrease in the NADH-dehydrogenase activity of mitochondrial Complex I. These impairments determined an energetic failure with a decrease in ATP synthesis due to a halt in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, increased reactive oxygen species production, and alteration in intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Transient re-expression of Spartin in mutant cells restored an intracellular Ca2+ level. Mutant cells presented a significant increase in extracellular pyruvate, which may result from increased glycolysis due to impaired Complex I activity. Consistently, Spartin loss led to an over-activation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) factor, a key regulator of glycolysis.These data demonstrate that Spartin loss leads to a profound bioenergetics imbalance with defective OXPHOS activity, and this altered metabolism might underlie Troyer syndrome and neurodevelopmental delays.
Formin-2 drives intracellular polymerisation of actin filaments enabling correct segregation of apicoplasts in Plasmodium falciparum and Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Stortz Johannes Felix , Singer Mirko , Wilkes Jonathan M , Meissner Markus , Das Sujaan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPathogenic obligate-intracellular apicomplexan parasites possess an essential chloroplast-like organelle called the apicoplast that undergoes division and segregation during replication. Parasite actin is essential during intracellular development, implicated in vesicular transport, parasite replication and apicoplast inheritance. However, the inability to visualise live actin dynamics in apicomplexan parasites limited functional characterisation of both filamentous-actin (F-actin) and actin regulatory factors. Apicomplexans possess at least two distinct formins, Formin-1 and Formin-2, predicted to serve as actin-nucleating factors, and previously implicated in regulating gliding motility and host cell invasion. Here, we expressed chromobodies and validated them as F-actin-binding sensors in Plasmodium falciparum and characterised the in vivo dynamics of the F-actin network. The F-actin network could be modulated chemically and disrupted by conditionally deleting the actin-1 gene. In a comparative approach, we demonstrate that Formin-2 is closely associated with apicoplasts and with the F-actin network in P. falciparum and Toxoplasma gondii. Consequently, disruption of Formin-2 resulted not only in an apicoplast segregation defect, but also in complete abrogation of F-actin dynamics in intracellular parasites. Together, our results strongly indicate that Formin-2-mediated filament formation is the common primary mechanism for F-actin nucleation during apicomplexan intracellular growth effecting apicoplast segregation.
Cornerstone root causes through the analysis of the Ishikawa diagram, is it possible to find them?
Authors: Suárez-Barraza Manuel F. , Rodríguez-González Francisco G. 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
Some manufacturing and service organizations have made efforts to work on continuous improvement in the form of Kaizen, lean thinking, Six Sigma, etc. The elimination of problems and waste (MUDA for the Japanese) plays a fundamental role in the reduction of operational costs and quality rejections of finished products both internally in the organization and in the supply chain. Some of these efforts use quality control tools to remedy it. Kaoru Ishikawa proposes seven basic quality tools. In this group of quality tools is the cause-and-effect diagram (CED), also known as “The Fishbone” and “Ishikawa diagram”. Exploring this questioning can shed light on the first indications to ratify the arguments of Ishikawa and Deming, that the main problems of companies are found in their processes and perhaps, in a deep way, in some of these cornerstone root causes that have to do with the way organizations are managed. The purpose of this study is to investigate cornerstone root causes through the application of CEDs in 40 Mexican companies that began an effort to improve some of their organizational processes.

Design/methodology/approach
An exploratory qualitative study was conducted. As a research strategy, the case study method was applied. Using theoretical sampling, the Ishikawa diagrams of 40 companies were analyzed, and 24 semi-structured interviews in depth were conducted.

Findings
The results of this research confirm the main research question: Are there cornerstone root causes that give way to one or several problems or effects of problems in organizations regardless of their sector? In other words, there were at least seven typical patterns that show the first signs of cornerstones root causes in organizations.

Research limitations/implications
The method itself is a limitation; 40 case studies are not enough to generalize the results. In addition, the research was conducted only in a single Latin American country; in some cities of Mexico. However, 60 per cent of these companies are multinationals.

Practical implications
This paper is fundamental to delve into the cornerstones causes that give rise to the problems of organizations of the twenty-first century. The authors understand that these are the first indications, and that they cannot be considered a conclusion of these causes. However, this first theoretical sampling presents a first light on the subject.

Originality/value
The study contributes to the limited existing literature on total quality management and Kaizen in quality control tools and subsequently disseminates this information to provide impetus, guidance and support toward improving the problems of the organizations of twenty-first century.
Does environmental, social and governance performance influence intellectual capital disclosure tone in integrated reporting?
Authors: Beretta Valentina , Demartini Chiara , Trucco Sara 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
The integrated reporting framework seeks to connect a firm’s financial and non-financial performance in a single report by displaying how different forms of capital contribute to the firm’s value creation. Drawing on impression management and incremental information approaches, the purpose of this paper is to examine how the content and semantic properties of intellectual capital disclosure (ICD) found in integrated reports is associated with firms’ performance.

Design/methodology/approach
All reports by European listed firms from 2011 to 2016 available via the integrated reporting emerging practice examples database are analysed. Content analysis is used to assesses the quality of ICDs, whereas a regression analysis tests the variation in semantic properties of ICDs according to firms’ performance.

Findings
ICDs in integrated reports are mainly discursive, with a backward looking orientation and a limited focus on human capital. On average, more than half of each ICD is conveyed in a positive tone. As the optimistic tone in firms’ ICDs increases, so too does their non-financial performance measured in terms of environmental, social and governance aspects. This finding supports the incremental information approach.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the current literature on ICDs by introducing new evidence on firms’ motivations for non-financial disclosures in integrated reports. By taking a more comprehensive theoretical approach, namely, testing both impression management and incremental information hypotheses, this research extends on prior studies which tested similar relationships in integrated reports but focussed only on the impression management hypothesis.
Regarding high voltage overhead transmission lines (HVOTLs)
Authors: Wadley David , Han Jung Hoon , Elliott Peter 
Published: December 2018

PurposeProfessionals’ market knowledge and business experience can facilitate transactions of residential property potentially impacted by stigmatised installations, such as large-scale public infrastructure. The purpose of this paper is to explore perceptions and assessments among homeowners, valuers (appraisers) and real estate agents (realtors) regarding infrastructure in general and high voltage overhead transmission lines (HVOTLs) in particular.Design/methodology/approachInformed by a literature review, separate surveys in Queensland, Australia, analyse via non-parametric and parametric means informational and perceptual variables concerning HVOTLs among 600 homeowners, 90 valuers and 90 real estate agents.FindingsThe findings reveal statistically significant differences in risk and valuation perceptions of homeowners, valuers and real estate agents relating to the placement of major linear forms of infrastructure.Research limitations/implicationsThis study adds to a now-solid body of literature pertaining to property effects of HVOTLs. It extends the analysis among classes of real estate professionals and provides new comparisons for further analysis and commentary.Practical implicationsThe results speak to property professionals, land use planning and electricity authorities. Prior research can be triangulated with that obtained here from valuers and real estate agents who act as informants, gatekeepers and confidants in the market place. Various hypotheses address specific points of professional practice.Social implicationsThis study shows that property professionals’ disposition to HVOTLs and other large-scale infrastructure is likely to be a good deal more measured than that of homeowners, so that valuers and real estate agents might exercise a mediating influence in placement and installations decisions.Originality/valueThis research raises understanding of differences in market knowledge and perception of essential infrastructure among clients and property agents. As a point of difference, it concentrates on examining empirically what texts refer to as “information asymmetry” in residential real estate markets.