bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Visceral Metastases and Survival in Patients with Metastasis‐related Spinal Cord Compression
Authors: Lun Deng‐xing , Wang Xiao‐dong , Ji Yu‐dong , Hu Yong‐cheng , Yang Xiong‐gang , Yu Xiu‐chun , Zhang Guo‐chuan , Zhuang Qing‐shan 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate whether visceral metastases have a significant impact on survival in patients with metastasis‐related spinal cord compression (MSCC), and to determine the difference in prognosis between patients with and without visceral metastases.MethodsThree institutional databases were searched to identify all patients who had undergone spinal surgery for spinal metastases between March 2002 and June 2010. Data on patient characteristics including pre‐ and post‐operative medical conditions, were collected from medical records or by telephone follow‐up. Survival data were obtained either from medical records or by searching a governmental cancer registry.ResultsThe mean age of study patients was 59.6 ± 10.5 years (range, 18–84 years), of whom 102 were male and 67 female. The median and mean postoperative survival times were 7.0 ± 0.5 (95% CI 6.0–8.0) months and 12.6 ± 1.2 (95% CI 10.1–15.0) months, respectively, in all patients, being 5.0 ± 0.5 (95% CI 4.0–6.0) months and 10.8 ± 2.4 (95% CI 6.1–15.5) months, respectively, for patients with visceral metastases and 7.0 ± 0.8 (95% CI 5.4–8.6) months and 13.0 ± 1.4 (95%CI 10.3–15.6) months, respectively, for patients without visceral metastases (P= 0.87). These survival times did not differ significantly between groups. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regressions showed that visceral metastases had no statistically significant association with survival (P = 0.277), whereas rate of growth of primary tumor (P = 0.003), preoperative Karnofsky performance status (KPS) (P < 0.001), change in KPS (P < 0.001), and Frankel grade (P = 0.091) were independent prognostic factors in the whole cohort (P = 0.005). Changes in KPS (P = 0.001) and major complications (P = 0.003) were significantly associated with survival in patients with visceral metastases, whereas rate of growth of primary tumor (P = 0.016), change in KPS (P = 0.001), and preoperative KPS (P < 0.001) were significantly associated with survival in patients without visceral metastases.ConclusionsVisceral metastases do not appear to predict the prognosis of patients with MSCC; thus, more aggressive surgery should be considered in patients with MSCC who have visceral metastases. Additionally, prognostic factors differ according to visceral metastases status in these patients.
Progressive increase of FcεRI expression across several PBMC subsets is associated with atopy and atopic asthma within school‐aged children
Authors: Leffler Jonatan , Read James F. , Jones Anya C. , Mok Danny , Hollams Elysia M. , Laing Ingrid A. , Le Souef Peter N. , Sly Peter D. , Kusel Merci M.H. , de Klerk Nicholas H. , Bosco Anthony , Holt Patrick G. , Strickland Deborah H. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundAntigen‐specific IgE binds the Fcε receptor I (FcεRI) expressed on several types of immune cells, including dendritic cells (DCs). Activation of FcεRI on DCs in atopics has been shown to modulate immune responses that potentially contribute to asthma development. However, the extent to which DC subsets differ in FcεRI expression between atopic children with or without asthma is currently not clear. This study aimed to analyse the expression of FcεRI on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from atopic children with and without asthma, and non‐atopic/non‐asthmatic age‐matched healthy controls.MethodsWe performed multiparameter flow cytometry on PBMC from 391 children across three community cohorts and one clinical cohort based in Western Australia.ResultsWe confirmed expression of FcεRI on basophils, monocytes, plasmacytoid and conventional DCs, with higher proportions of all cell populations expressing FcεRI in atopic compared to non‐atopic children. Further, we observed that levels of FcεRI expression were elevated across plasmacytoid and conventional DC as well as basophils in atopic asthmatic compared to atopic non‐asthmatic children also after adjusting for serum IgE levels.ConclusionOur data suggest that the expression pattern of FcεRI on DC and basophils differentiates asthmatic from non‐asthmatic atopic children. Given the significant immune modulatory effects observed as a consequence of FcεRI expression, this altered expression pattern is likely to contribute to asthma pathology in children.
Striking contiguous depigmentation across the lower limbs in piebaldism and its implications for understanding melanocytic migration and development
Authors: Funkhouser Colton H. , Kinsler Veronica A. , Frieden Ilona J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPiebaldism is a rare autosomal dominant disorder of pigmentation that is characterized by variable patches of depigmentation on the face, chest, abdomen, and extremities. We describe two cases of piebaldism, in whom the remarkable asymmetric distribution of the depigmented patches in a connected, contiguous pattern across the legs provides embryologic insights. This finding is not explained by the traditional theory that melanocytic migration only originates in the neural crest and progresses unilaterally down each leg. We propose that our cases, and other similar cases, can be explained by a recent theory of mesodermal melanocyte migration.
Topical sirolimus therapy for epidermal nevus with features of acanthosis nigricans
Authors: Dodds Melissa , Maguiness Sheilagh 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe present a 4‐year‐old developmentally appropriate boy with short stature and widespread expanding epidermal nevus with features of acanthosis nigricans. He was found to have a mosaic mutation in FGFR3, the R248C variant. Despite several therapies, he continued to have growth, fissuring, and bleeding of the affected skin. Ultimately, topical sirolimus was attempted and found to improve thickness and overall symptoms.
Educational needs in families of pediatric liver and kidney transplant recipients: A quality improvement project
Authors: daCruz Katelin , Cousino Melissa K. , Smith Tanya , Bilhartz Jacob , Eder Sally J. , Fredericks Emily M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractParents of pediatric liver and kidney transplant recipients were surveyed regarding their current education plans (eg, Individualized Education Program, 504), satisfaction with these plans, and interest in educational support from the psychosocial transplant team. Survey results indicate high rates of IEP and 504 plans, academic and related services, and accommodations among this population. The majority of parents/guardians reported satisfaction with their child's current school plan and did not report need for additional transplant team support specific to school services on the survey measure. However, other information highlights the importance for pediatric transplant teams to consider other ways to support this population's educational needs.
A General Asymptotic Framework for Distribution-Free Graph-Based Two-Sample Tests
Authors: Bhattacharya Bhaswar B. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryTesting equality of two multivariate distributions is a classical problem for which many non-parametric tests have been proposed over the years. Most of the popular two-sample tests, which are asymptotically distribution free, are based either on geometric graphs constructed by using interpoint distances between the observations (multivariate generalizations of the Wald–Wolfowitz runs test) or on multivariate data depth (generalizations of the Mann–Whitney rank test). The paper introduces a general notion of distribution-free graph-based two-sample tests and provides a unified framework for analysing and comparing their asymptotic properties. The asymptotic (Pitman) efficiency of a general graph-based test is derived, which includes tests based on geometric graphs, such as the Friedman–Rafsky test, the test based on the K-nearest-neighbour graph, the cross-match test and the generalized edge count test, as well as tests based on multivariate depth functions (the Liu–Singh rank sum statistic). The results show how the combinatorial properties of the underlying graph affect the performance of the associated two-sample test and can be used to validate and decide which tests to use in practice. Applications of the results are illustrated both on synthetic and on real data sets.
Damage-Mitigating Predictive Control of Airfoil Flutter for a General Hypersonic Flight Vehicle
Authors: Zhang Xiaohui , Wang Yuhui , Feng Xingkai , Hou Siyuan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper aims to investigate the airfoil flutter damage-mitigating problem in hypersonic flow. A new adaptive robust nonlinear predictive control law is designed in this paper to mitigate the damage during airfoil flutter of a generic hypersonic flight vehicle. A three-degrees-of-freedom airfoil dynamic motion model is established, in which the third piston theory is employed to derive the unsteady aerodynamics. Then, the complicated responses of the hypersonic airfoil flutter model are analyzed. In order to mitigate the damage of the airfoil, a predictive controller is designed by introducing an adaptive predictive period, and asymptotical stability analysis of the robust nonlinear predictive controller is performed. Subsequently, based on the nonlinear aerodynamics of the airfoil and damage accumulation model, the damage of the airfoil is observed online. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Randomised cross-over trial evaluating the short-term effects of non-invasive ventilation as an adjunct to airway clearance techniques in adults with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Stanford Gemma , Parrott Helen , Bilton Diana , Agent Penny , Banya Winston , Simmonds Nicholas 
Published: April 2019

IntroductionNon-invasive ventilation (NIV) is used in cystic fibrosis (CF) to support airway clearance techniques (ACTs) by augmenting tidal volumes and reducing patient effort. However, the evidence base for this is limited. We hypothesised that NIV, in addition to usual ACT, would increase sputum clearance. In addition, we investigated ease of sputum clearance (EoC), work of breathing (WoB) and NIV tolerability.MethodsAdults with CF (16+ years) at the end of hospitalisation for a pulmonary exacerbation were randomised to a cross-over trial of NIV-supported ACT or ACT alone in two consecutive days. No other changes to standard care were made. The primary outcome was the total 24-hour expectorated sputum wet weight after the intervention. Spirometry was completed pre-treatment and post-treatment. Oxygen saturations were measured pre-treatment, during treatment and post-treatment. EoC and WoB were assessed using Visual Analogue Scale.Results14 subjects completed the study (7 male, mean age 35 [SD 17] years, mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV1] 49 [20] % predicted). The difference between treatment regimens was −0.98 g sputum (95% CI −11.5 to 9.6, p=0.84) over 24 hours. During treatment oxygen saturations were significantly higher with NIV-supported ACT (mean difference 2.0, 95% CI 0.9 to 2.6, p=0.0004). No other significant differences were found in post-treatment FEV1, EoC, WoB, oxygen saturations or subject preference.ConclusionsThere was no difference in treatment effect between NIV-supported ACT and ACT alone, although the study was underpowered. Oxygen saturations were significantly higher during NIV-supported ACT, but with no effect on post-treatment saturations. NIV was well tolerated.Trial registration numberNCT01885650.
DUBbing Ferroptosis in Cancer Cells
Authors: Gan Boyi 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Ferroptosis, a form of iron-dependent, nonapoptotic cell death that is induced by excessive lipid peroxidation, has been recently identified as a new tumor suppression mechanism. In this issue of Cancer Research, Liu and colleagues demonstrate that the deubiquitinase (DUB) OTUB1 is frequently overexpressed in human cancers, and functions to “dub” (trim) the ferroptosis process in cancer cells and promotes tumor development by stabilizing the cystine transporter, SLC7A11. This study not only reveals a hitherto unappreciated regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis but also identifies potential therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.
See related article by Liu et al., p. 1913
Cost-Effectiveness of the US Food and Drug Administration Added Sugar Labeling Policy for Improving Diet and Health
Authors: Huang Yue , Kypridemos Chris , Liu Junxiu , Lee Yujin , Pearson-Stuttard Jonathan , Collins Brendan , Bandosz Piotr , Capewell Simon , Whitsel Laurie , Wilde Parke , Mozaffarian Dariush , O’Flaherty Martin , Micha Renata ,   Food-PRICE (Policy Review and Intervention Cost-Effectiveness) Project
Published: April 2019

Background:
Excess added sugars, particularly from sugar-sweetened beverages, are a major risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases including cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In 2016, the US Food and Drug Administration mandated the labeling of added sugar content on all packaged foods and beverages. Yet, the potential health impacts and cost-effectiveness of this policy remain unclear.

Methods:
A validated microsimulation model (US IMPACT Food Policy model) was used to estimate cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus cases averted, quality-adjusted life-years, policy costs, health care, informal care, and lost productivity (health-related) savings and cost-effectiveness of 2 policy scenarios: (1) implementation of the US Food and Drug Administration added sugar labeling policy (sugar label), and (2) further accounting for corresponding industry reformulation (sugar label+reformulation). The model used nationally representative demographic and dietary intake data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, disease data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wonder Database, policy effects and diet-disease effects from meta-analyses, and policy and health-related costs from established sources. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis accounted for model parameter uncertainties and population heterogeneity.

Results:
Between 2018 and 2037, the sugar label would prevent 354 400 cardiovascular disease (95% uncertainty interval, 167 000–673 500) and 599 300 (302 400–957 400) diabetes mellitus cases, gain 727 000 (401 300–1 138 000) quality-adjusted life-years, and save $31 billion (15.7–54.5) in net healthcare costs or $61.9 billion (33.1–103.3) societal costs (incorporating reduced lost productivity and informal care costs). For the sugar label+reformulation scenario, corresponding gains were 708 800 (369 200–1 252 000) cardiovascular disease cases, 1.2 million (0.7–1.7) diabetes mellitus cases, 1.3 million (0.8–1.9) quality-adjusted life-years, and $57.6 billion (31.9–92.4) and $113.2 billion (67.3–175.2), respectively. Both scenarios were estimated with >80% probability to be cost saving by 2023.

Conclusions:
Implementing the US Food and Drug Administration added sugar labeling policy could generate substantial health gains and cost savings for the US population.
Nexilin Is a New Component of Junctional Membrane Complexes Required for Cardiac T-Tubule Formation
Authors: Liu Canzhao , Spinozzi Simone , Chen Jia-Yu , Fang Xi , Feng Wei , Perkins Guy , Cattaneo Paola , Guimarães-Camboa Nuno , Dalton Nancy D. , Peterson Kirk L. , Wu Tongbin , Ouyang Kunfu , Fu Xiang-Dong , Evans Sylvia M. , Chen Ju 
Published: April 2019

Background:
Membrane contact sites are fundamental for transmission and translation of signals in multicellular organisms. The junctional membrane complexes in the cardiac dyads, where transverse (T) tubules are juxtaposed to the sarcoplasmic reticulum, are a prime example. T-tubule uncoupling and remodeling are well-known features of cardiac disease and heart failure. Even subtle alterations in the association between T-tubules and the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum can cause serious cardiac disorders. NEXN (nexilin) has been identified as an actin-binding protein, and multiple mutations in the NEXN gene are associated with cardiac diseases, but the precise role of NEXN in heart function and disease is still unknown.

Methods:

Nexn
global and cardiomyocyte-specific knockout mice were generated. Comprehensive phenotypic and RNA sequencing and mass spectrometry analyses were performed. Heart tissue samples and isolated single cardiomyocytes were analyzed by electron and confocal microscopy.

Results:

Global and cardiomyocyte-specific loss of
Nexn
in mice resulted in a rapidly progressive dilated cardiomyopathy. In vivo and in vitro analyses revealed that NEXN interacted with junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum proteins, was essential for optimal calcium transients, and was required for initiation of T-tubule invagination and formation.

Conclusions:

These results demonstrated that NEXN is a pivotal component of the junctional membrane complex and is required for initiation and formation of T-tubules, thus providing insight into mechanisms underlying cardiomyopathy in patients with mutations in
NEXN
.
Lesion Localization of Poststroke Lateropulsion
Authors: Babyar Suzanne R. , Smeragliuolo Anna , Albazron Fatimah M. , Putrino David , Reding Michael , Boes Aaron D. 
Published: April 2019

Background and Purpose—
Hemispheric stroke studies associating lateropulsion (pusher syndrome) with the location of brain lesions have had mixed results from small, unmatched samples. This study was designed to determine whether lateropulsion localizes to specific brain regions across patients with stroke using a case-control design.

Methods—
Fifty patients with lateropulsion after stroke were matched with 50 stroke patients without lateropulsion using age, time since onset of stroke, admission motor Functional Independence Measure score, lesion side, and gender. The primary analysis included multivariate lesion symptom mapping using sparse canonical correlations to identify regions most associated with lateropulsion as assessed with the Burke Lateropulsion Scale. Secondary analyses included evaluating paired comparisons for lesion volume, degree of motor impairment, motor and cognitive Functional Independence Measure scores.

Results—

The lesion symptom mapping analysis of all lesions mapped onto a common hemisphere produced an overall significant model (
P
<5×10
–5
) with a regional peak at the inferior parietal lobe at the junction of the post-central gyrus (Brodmann Area 2) and Brodmann Area 40 as the lesion location most associated with lateropulsion. Lesion volume was larger for patients with lateropulsion. Despite adequate matching, motor performance and total Functional Independence Measure scores differed at a group level between patients with and without lateropulsion.

Conclusions—
This analysis implicated lesion involvement of the inferior parietal lobe as a key neuroanatomical determinant of developing lateropulsion. A better understanding of the anatomic underpinnings of lateropulsion may improve rehabilitation efforts, including the potential for informing noninvasive neuromodulation approaches.
Review of Afrotropical Glenosema Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) with description of 13 new species
Authors: AZEVEDO CELSO O. , VAN NOORT SIMON 
Published: April 2019

The Afrotropical species of Glenosema are reviewed. Seventeen species are recognized, four previously described species, G. niloticum (Kieffer), G. durum Barbosa, Kawada & Azevedo, G. denteatum Lanes & Azevedo and G. elevatum Lanes & Azevedo, and thirteen species described and illustrated as new: G. qaqambile sp. nov., G. deki sp. nov., G. ebazileyo sp. nov., G. tyaba sp. nov., G. umphanda sp. nov., G. banzi sp. nov., G. bubanzi sp. nov., G. ahlukileyo sp. nov., G. icephe sp. nov., G. mxinwa sp. nov., G. lingana sp. nov., G. uphahla sp. nov. and G. tyheli sp. nov. A key to the Afrotropical species is presented. We highlight potential character suites that may be phylogenetically significant and consider evolutionary scenarios that may have led to the present distribution pattern associated with semi-arid areas on the African continent.
Development and Evaluation of In-Flight Icing Index Forecast for Aviation
Authors: Morcrette Cyril , Brown Katie , Bowyer Rebecca , Gill Philip , Suri Dan 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
An in-flight icing index from the literature is implemented in the Met Office forecasting system. Comparison of hindcasts of cloud fraction with ground-based remote sensing observations of liquid and ice cloud fraction are used to inform a reformulation of part of the index. Satellite-retrieved icing potential is then used to quantitatively assess the reliability and skill of the new index and compare its performance to the current operational one. Having shown that the new index has substantially better reliability, ways of presenting separate icing likelihood and severity are explored using a case study.
Promoting Self-Determination for Students with Visual Impairments: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Cmar Jennifer L. , Markoski Kasey 
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Self-determination is a highly valued but under-researched component of the expanded core curriculum for students with visual impairments. In this study, the authors present results of a literature review on self-determination for children and youths with visual impairments (i.e., those who are blind or have low vision). Method: Self-determination studies were identified through searches of electronic databases for articles published from 2003 to 2016. Two researchers reviewed the articles and rated them in terms of quality indicators for research in special education. Results: Eleven articles, using correlational, qualitative, group experimental or quasi-experimental, and single-case research designs, met inclusion criteria for this literature review. Adherence to the quality indicators varied from 33% to 100%. Discussion: Students with visual impairments need age-appropriate opportunities to develop self-determination skills in school, home, and community settings. Short-term, focused programs and interventions may be promising methods for teaching self-determination skills; however, more research needs to be conducted to establish evidence-based practices in this area. Implications for practitioners: Practitioners can facilitate development of self-determination skills by supporting students in making decisions affecting their lives, encouraging involvement of students in the education and transition planning processes, and promoting self-advocacy.