bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and functional analysis of an iron‐binding protein, ferritin heavy chain subunit, from the swallowtail butterfly, Papilio xuthus
Authors: Lu Zhan‐Jun , Xie Yan‐Xin , Yu Hai‐Zhong , Toufeeq Shahzad , Wang Jie , Huang Yu‐Ling , Li Ning‐Yan , Ouyang Zhi‐Gang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFerritin, which is ubiquitous among all living organisms, plays a crucial role in maintaining iron homeostasis, immune response, and detoxification. In the present research, we identified an iron‐binding protein, ferritin heavy chain subunit, from Papilio xuthus and named PxFerHCH. The complete complementary DNA of PxFerHCH was 1,252 bp encoding a sequence of 211 amino acids, which includes an iron‐responsive element. Phylogenetic analysis showed that PxFerHCH is clustered with Manduca sexta and Galleria mellonella ferritin heavy chain subunits. Expression levels of PxFerHCH in various tissues were analyzed by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the results exhibited that PxFerHCH was expressed in all tissues with the highest expression in the fat body. The relative expression level of PxFerHCH in response to bacterial (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) challenges sharply increased by about 12 hr postinfection (hpi) and then decreased at 24 hpi. In addition, the iron‐binding capacity and antioxidation activity of recombinant PxFerHCH protein were also investigated. These results reveal that PxFerHCH might play an important role in defense against bacterial infection.
Unique features of flight muscles mitochondria of honey bees (Apis mellifera L.)
Authors: Syromyatnikov Mikhail Y. , Gureev Artem P. , Vitkalova Inna Y. , Starkov Anatoly A. , Popov Vasily N. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHoney bees Apis mellifera L. are one of the most studied insect species due to their economic importance. The interest in studying honey bees chiefly stems from the recent rapid decrease in their world population, which has become a problem of food security. Nevertheless, there are no systemic studies on the properties of the mitochondria of honey bee flight muscles. We conducted a research of the mitochondria of the flight muscles of A. mellifera L. The influence of various organic substrates on mitochondrial respiration in the presence or absence of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was investigated. We demonstrated that pyruvate is the optimal substrate for the coupled respiration. A combination of pyruvate and glutamate is required for the maximal respiration rate. We also show that succinate oxidation does not support the oxidative phosphorylation and the generation of membrane potential. We also studied the production of reactive oxygen species by isolated mitochondria. The greatest production of H2O2 (as a percentage of the rate of oxygen consumed) in the absence of ADP was observed during the respiration supported by α‐glycerophosphate, malate, and a combination of malate with another NAD‐linked substrate. We showed that honey bee flight muscle mitochondria are unable to uptake Ca2+‐ions. We also show that bee mitochondria are able to oxidize the respiration substrates effectively at the temperature of 50°С compared to Bombus terrestris mitochondria, which were more adapted to lower temperatures.
Quinolone derivatives: Potential anti‐HIV agent—development and application
Authors: Wang Ruo , Xu Kai , Shi Weixiong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAcquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is one of the largest and most devastating public health pandemics throughout the world. The global pandemic of drug‐sensitive HIV and the increasing threat from drug‐resistant HIV result in an urgent need to develop more effective anti‐HIV candidates. Quinolone represents a significant class of privileged heterocycles, and its derivatives possess promising in vitro and in vivo anti‐HIV properties. The 4‐quinolone elvitegravir has already been approved for the treatment of HIV; thus, quinolone derivatives might be promising candidates with anti‐HIV activity. This review emphasizes quinolone derivatives with potential anti‐HIV activity, covering articles published between 1992 and 2019. The structure‐activity relationship is also discussed to provide insights for further development of more active quinolone derivatives.
A CdII‐Based Metal‐Organic Framework with pcu Topology as Turn‐On Fluorescent Sensor for Al3+
Authors: Yao Shu‐Li , Tian Xue‐Mei , Li Le‐Qian , Liu Sui‐Jun , Zheng Teng‐Fei , Chen Yong‐Qiang , Zhang Da‐Shuai , Chen Jing‐Lin , Wen He‐Rui , Hu Tong‐Liang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA new metal‐organic framework (MOF) {[Cd2(bbib)2(ndc)2]⋅2DMF}n (JXUST‐1) (bbib=1,3‐bis(benzimidazolyl)benzene, H2ndc=1,4‐naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, DMF=N,N‐dimethylformamide) has been solvothermally synthesized and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, PXRD, TGA, IR and elemental analysis. JXUST‐1 exhibits a three‐dimensional 6‐connected pcu topology with a Schläfli symbol {412.63} constructed by [Cd2(CO2)3] secondary building units. Fluorescence studies show that this MOF can sensitively and selectively recognize Al3+ via a fluorescence enhancement effect, and the detection limit is 0.048 ppm. Furthermore, JXUST‐1 displays relatively good thermal and chemical stabilities as well as reusability. All these results suggest JXUST‐1 to be a highly selective and recyclable luminescent sensing material for the detection of Al3+.
Melatonin promotes neuroblastoma cell differentiation by activating hyaluronan synthase 3‐induced mitophagy
Authors: Lee Wen‐Jui , Chen Li‐Ching , Lin Juo‐Han , Cheng Tzu‐Chun , Kuo Ching‐Chuan , Wu Chih‐Hsiung , Chang Hui‐Wen , Tu Shih‐Hsin , Ho Yuan‐Soon 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNeuroblastoma is the second most common pediatric malignancy and has a high rate of spontaneous remission. Uncovering the mechanisms underlying neuroblastoma cell differentiation is critical for therapeutic purposes. A neuroblastoma cell line (N2a) treated with either serum withdrawal (<2.5%) or melatonin (>0.1 nmol/L) for 24 hours was used as a cell differentiation research model. Interestingly, the hyaluronan synthase 3 (HAS3) protein was induced in differentiated N2a cells. N2a‐allografted nude mice received an intraperitoneal injection of melatonin (40 or 80 mg/kg/day for 3 weeks). The mean tumor volume in mice treated with 80 mg/kg melatonin was smaller than that in PBS‐treated mice (1416.3 and 3041.3 mm3, respectively, difference = 1625 mm3, *P = 0.0003, n = 7 per group). Compared with the vector control group, N2a cells with forced HAS3 overexpression showed significantly increased neuron length (*P = 0.00082) and neurite outgrowth (*P = 0.00059). Intracellular changes in autophagy, including distorted mitochondria with abnormal circular inner membranes, were detected by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Our study demonstrated that HAS3‐mediated signaling activated by physiological concentrations of melatonin (>0.1 nmol/L) triggered significant N2a cell differentiation. These results provide molecular data with potential clinical relevance for therapeutic drug development.
A Tunable, Fullerene‐Based Molecular Amplifier for Vibrational Circular Dichroism
Authors: Strudwick Benjamin H. , Koenis Mark A. J. , Sanders Hans J. , Nicu Valentin P. , Woutersen Sander , Buma Wybren Jan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractVibrational circular dichroism (VCD) studies are reported on a chiral compound in which a fullerene C60 moiety is used as an electron acceptor and local VCD amplifier for an alanine‐based peptide chain. Four redox states are investigated in this study, of which three are reduced species that possess low‐lying electronic states as confirmed by UV/Vis spectroelectrochemistry. VCD measurements in combination with (TD)DFT calculations are used to investigate (i) how the low‐lying electronic states of the reduced species modulate the amplification of VCD signals, (ii) how this amplification depends on the distance between oscillator and amplifier, and (iii) how the spatial extent of the amplifier influences amplification. These results pave the way for further development of tailored molecular VCD amplifiers.
Isomeric Effect on Optoelectronic Properties and Photovoltaic Performance of Anthraquinone‐Core Perylene Diimide (PDI) and Helical PDI dimers
Authors: You Xiaoxiao , Hu Juan , Wu Mingliang , Huang Huaxi , Shao Guangwei , Zhang Junrui , Wu Di , Xia Jianlong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIsomerism heavily influences the optoelectronic properties and self‐assembly behavior of compounds and subsequently affects their device performance. Herein, two pairs of isomeric perylene diimide (PDI) dimers, PDI and PDI2, were designed and synthesized. The electron‐deficient 9,10‐anthraquinone group was employed as the bridge, and thus, the resultant dimers exhibited an acceptor–acceptor–acceptor (A‐A‐A) structure. To determine the isomeric effects on the optoelectronic properties and photovoltaic performance of these dimers, their absorptivity, luminescence, and redox behavior were studied. Bulk heterojunction organic solar cells based on these four dimers were fabricated and measured. The two PDI dimers exhibited clear differences in photovoltaic performance, whereas the two PDI2 analogues showed similar power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). The PCEs of the two PDI2 dimers are much higher than those of the PDI dimers. These results illustrate that the isomeric effect of PDI dimers is much larger than that of PDI2 dimers on the device performance, and proper expansion of conjugation could improve the device performance.
Nucleation of Hematite: A Nonclassical Mechanism
Authors: Scheck Johanna , Fuhrer Lisa M. , Wu Baohu , Drechsler Markus , Gebauer Denis 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHematite (α‐Fe2O3) is thermodynamically stable under ambient conditions, of vast geological importance, and widely used in applications, for example, as corrosion protection and as a pigment. It forms at elevated temperatures, whereas room‐temperature reactions typically yield metastable akaganéite or ferrihydrite. The mechanistic key changes underlying this observation were explored in the present study. The entropic contribution to the prenucleation hydrolysis reaction categorically implies the presence of prenucleation clusters (PNCs) as fundamental precursors. The formation of hematite is then due to a change in the reaction mechanism above approximately 50 °C, whereby the reaction limitation towards oxolation in phase‐separated clusters is overcome. A model that rationalizes the occurrence of hematite, akaganéite, and ferrihydrite based on the chemistry of olation PNCs is proposed. Supersaturation and the temperature dependence of olation and oxolation rates from monomeric precursors are irrelevant in this nonclassical mechanism.
Nickel Phosphinidene Molecular Clusters from Organocyclophosphine Precursors
Authors: Doud Evan A. , Butler Chiara J. , Paley Daniel W. , Roy Xavier 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe report a new family of nickel phosphinidene molecular clusters synthesized from the reaction of bis(1,5‐cyclooctadiene)nickel(0) ([Ni(cod)2]) with organocyclophosphine and trialkylphosphine. We found that [Ni(cod)2] cleaves the organocyclophosphine P−P bonds to generate phosphinidene groups, establishing the cyclic molecules as valuable precursors for making charge‐neutral molecular clusters passivated by two‐electron donor capping ligands. The formation of the cluster core structure is controlled by the bulkiness of the precursor and of the capping ligand. As a demonstration of this new cluster‐forming reaction, we describe three clusters with different core nuclearity and degree of ligation: Ni12(PMe)10(PEt3)8, Ni8(PMe)6(PMe3)8, and Ni8(PiPr)6(PMe3)6. In addition, we show that the larger cluster, Ni12(PMe)10(PEt3)8, can be used as a low temperature single‐source molecular precursor to the catalytically active nickel phosphide phase Ni2P.
Task scheduling in Internet of Things cloud environment using a robust particle swarm optimization
Authors: Hasan Mohammed Zaki , Al‐Rizzo Hussain 
Published: July 2019

SummaryInternet of Things (IoT) is steadily growing in support of current and projected real‐time distributed Internet applications in civilian and military applications, while Cloud Computing has the ability to meet the performance expectations of these applications. In this paper, we present the implementation of logistics management applications relying on cooperative resources with optimized performances. To dynamically incorporate smart manufacturing objects into logistics management IoT applications within a ubiquitous environment, task scheduling must be provided for resource allocation in an optimized way. Within such environment, we propose a task scheduling algorithm based on a robust Canonical Particle Swarm Optimization (CPSO) algorithm to solve the problem of resource allocation and management in both homogeneous and heterogeneous IoT Cloud Computing. Our objective is to satisfy the Makespan by performing optimal task scheduling while considering different policies of incoming tasks. Performance evaluation from simulation experiments reveals that optimizing the Makespan can be significantly improved by Longest Processing Time (LPT), Shortest Processing Time (SPT), Earliest Computation Time (ECT), Earliest Starting Time (EST), Earliest Deadline First (EDF), and Earliest Duedate (EDD) using our CPSO algorithm as compared with traditional list task scheduling algorithms.
Nitrogen and Sulfur Co‐Doped Mesoporous Carbon Embedded with Co9S8 Nanoparticles: Efficient Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Yu Huan , Tang Duihai , Huang Yuan , Zhang Wenting , Sun Xue , Yang Xunyu , Qiao Zhen‐An , Wang Jianjun , Zhao Zhen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCo9S8 embedded, N,S co‐doepd mesoporous carbon materials were synthesized by adopting CoCl2 as the molten salt. In details, CoCl2 and glucose were used as cobalt and carbon precursors, respectively, and thiourea was utilized as sulfur and nitrogen precursors. This synthetic process involved three steps, including hand‐milling, carbonation, and acid leaching. The results of characterization exhibited that the final products had mesoporous structures, which also showed high nitrogen and sulfur contents. Moreover, the Co9S8 nanoparticles dispersed evenly in the carbonaceous matrix. Furthermore, the calcining temperature could affect the porosities of the final products and the contents of the heteroatoms, which could further determine the electrocatalytic activities of these catalysts. When used as the electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction, the optimal catalyst, GTCo900, exhibited superior catalytic activities under acidic condition. The overpotential is 62 mV to afford a current density of 10 mA cm−2. Moreover, it could also reveal excellent stability for 12 h.
Identification and Functional Investigation of Genome‐Encoded, Small, Secreted Peptides in Plants
Authors: Boschiero Clarissa , Lundquist Peter K. , Roy Sonali , Dai Xinbin , Zhao Patrick X. , Scheible Wolf‐Rüdiger 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHundreds to thousands of small secreted peptides (SSPs) are encoded in plant genomes but have been overlooked, and most remain unannotated and unstudied. Despite their low profile, they have been found to confer dramatic effects on growth and development of plants. With the growing appreciation of their significance, the development of appropriate methods to identify and functionally assess the myriad SSPs encoded in plant genomes has become critical. Here, we provide protocols for the computational and physiological analysis of SSPs in plant genomes. We first describe our methodology successfully used for genome‐wide identification and annotation of SSP‐coding genes in the model legume Medicago truncatula, which can be readily adapted for other plant species. We then provide protocols for the functional analysis of SSPs using various synthetic peptide screens. Considerations for the design and handling of peptides are included. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Strongly Coupled Interface Structure in CoFe/Co3O4 Nanohybrids as Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction Catalysts
Authors: Ma Ping , Yang Haidong , Luo Yutong , Liu Yang , Zhu Yan , Luo Sha , Hu Yiping , Zhao Ziming , Ma Jiantai 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe quest for developing electrochemical energy‐storage and ‐conversion technologies continues to be a great impetus to develop cost‐effective, highly active, and electrochemically stable electrocatalysts for overcoming the activation energy barriers of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Co3O4 nanocrystals have great potential as OER catalysts, and research efforts on improving the catalytic activity of Co3O4 are currently underway in many laboratories. Herein, CoFe layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets were directly grown on the active Co3O4 substrate to form nanohybrid electrocatalysts for OER. The CoFe LDH/Co3O4(6:4) nanohybrid exhibited superior catalytic performance with a low overpotential and a small Tafel slope in alkaline solution. The outstanding performance of the CoFe LDH/Co3O4(6:4) nanohybrid was primarily owing to the synergistic effects induced by the strongly coupled interface between CoFe LDH and Co3O4; this feature enhanced the intrinsic OER catalytic activity of the nanohybrid and favored fast charge transfer. Compared with other Co3O4‐based catalysts, the nanohybrid shows advantages and offers a feasible avenue for improving the activity of Co3O4‐based catalysts.
Analyzing the coexistence of conflict and cooperation in a regional delta management system: Tidal River Management (TRM) in the Bangladesh delta
Authors: Mutahara Mahmuda , Warner Jeroen , Khan M. Shah Alam 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article analyzes the history and dynamics of conflict and cooperation in a local and regional delta management system focusing on tidal river management (TRM). TRM was formally implemented through a participatory approach since early 2000 to address waterlogging problems in the southwest delta of Bangladesh. There have been, and still are, serious difficulties in achieving the full potential of TRM because multistakeholder processes (MSPs) are not effectively sustained. One major cause of ineffective MSPs is incompetent dealing with conflict and cooperation among stakeholders. Our research was a participatory assessment of water management events focusing on the causes, intensity, and trend of conflict and cooperation in TRM practices over the last 30 years. The results show that the history of TRM appeared more conflictive than cooperative, and also the cooperations between major stakeholders were rarely sustained in TRM practices. To that effect, we applied an adapted “Transboundary Water Interaction Nexus (TWINs)” model to this local water management context, which explores the interrelatedness of conflict and cooperation for learning to deal with MSPs in local delta water management. The research findings should be helpful for improving participation policy in water management in Bangladesh and also facilitate MSPs in delta water governance elsewhere.
Mechanisms of vapor‐phase antibacterial action of essential oil from Cinnamomum camphora var. linaloofera Fujita against Escherichia coli
Authors: Wu Kegang , Lin Yahui , Chai Xianghua , Duan Xuejuan , Zhao Xinxin , Chun Chen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate antibacterial activity of essential oil from Cinnamomum camphora var. linaloofera Fujita (EOL) at vapor phase and its mechanism of bactericidal action against Escherichia coli. Results showed that the vapor‐phase EOL had significant antibacterial activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 200 μl/L. Further analyses showed that treatment of E. coli with vapor‐phase EOL resulted in partial degradation of cell membrane, increased membrane permeability, leakage of cytoplasm materials, and prominent distortion and shrinkage of bacterial cells. FTIR showed that EOL altered bacterial protein secondary and tertiary structures. GC/MS analysis showed that the components of vapor‐phase EOL included linalool (69.94%), camphor (10.90%), nerolidol (10.92%), and safrole (8.24%), of which linalool had bactericidal activity. Quantum chemical analysis suggested that the antibacterial reactive center of linalool was oxygen atom (O10) which transferred electrons during antibacterial action by the donation of electrons.
Why deprescribing antipsychotics in older people with dementia in long‐term care is not always successful: Insights from the HALT study
Authors: Aerts Liesbeth , Cations Monica , Harrison Fleur , Jessop Tiffany , Shell Allan , Chenoweth Lynn , Brodaty Henry 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionAntipsychotic medications are commonly used to manage behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia despite their side effects and harms. While the Halting Antipsychotic Use in Long‐Term care (HALT) deprescribing trial was successful at reducing antipsychotic use, 19% of participants had their antipsychotics represcribed or never reached a dose of zero. The aim of this study was to investigate the reasons for represcription of antipsychotic medication and factors associated with ongoing antipsychotic use, relating to care staff requests and perceived behavioural changes.Materials and methodsThirty‐nine of 133 HALT participants never ceased their antipsychotic medication or were represcribed a regular or pro re nata (PRN) antipsychotic after initial deprescribing. The views of nursing staff, general practitioner, and family on the circumstances leading up to these outcomes were collected via a questionnaire‐based approach. This information was triangulated with observation and detailed file audit (including progress notes, medical notes, medication charts, incident reports, and hospital discharge summaries). A consensus panel reconstructed the represcribing context.ResultsNurses were the most common drivers of represcribing (63.2%), followed by family members (39.5%), GPs (23.7%), specialists (13.2%), and hospital staff (10.5%). There were multiple drivers for antipsychotic use in 46.2% of participants. Increased agitated and aggressive behaviours were the most commonly reported reasons for represcribing even though these changes were not identified over time on objective measures. Consent and dosage practices remained poor despite education.DiscussionNursing staff are the key drivers of deprescribing particularly in response to perceived worsening agitation and aggression among male residents. The train‐the‐trainer model used in the HALT trial may have been insufficient on its own to improve staff competence and confidence in applying nonpharmacological approaches when responding to behaviour change.