bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resolving environmental effects of wind energy
Authors: Sinclair Karin , Copping Andrea E. , May Roel , Bennet Finlay , Warnas Marijke , Perron Muriel , Elmqvist Åsa , DeGeorge Elise 
Published: April 2018

Concerns for potential wildlife impacts resulting from land‐based and offshore wind energy have created challenges for wind project development. Research is not always adequately supported, results are neither always readily accessible nor are they satisfactorily disseminated, and so decisions are often made based on the best available information, which may be missing key findings. The potential for high impacts to avian and bat species and marine mammals have been used by wind project opponents to stop, downsize, or severely delay project development. The global nature of the wind industry—combined with the understanding that many affected species cross‐national boundaries, and in many cases migrate between continents—also points to the need to collaborate on an international level. The International Energy Agency (IEA) Wind Technology Collaborative Programs facilitates coordination on key research issues. IEA Wind Task 34—WREN: Working Together to Resolve Environmental Effects of Wind Energy–is a collaborative forum to share lessons gained from field research and modeling, including management methods, wildlife monitoring methods, best practices, study results, and successful approaches to mitigating impacts and addressing the cumulative effects of wind energy on wildlife.WREN develops products such as white papers, fact sheets, and short science summaries, and is involved in a number of activities including hosting a webinar series and outreach and information dissemination through participation in meetings, workshops, and conferences to increase and expand the knowledge base pertaining to wildlife challenges at wind energy facilities. This information is available on WREN Hub, hosted on the Tethys website.This article is categorized under:

Wind Power > Climate and Environment
Recommendations for patient engagement in patient-oriented emergency medicine research
Authors: Archambault Patrick M. , McGavin Colleen , Dainty Katie N. , McLeod Shelley L. , Vaillancourt Christian , Lee Jacques S. , Perry Jeffrey J. , Gauvin François-Pierre , Boivin Antoine 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo make pragmatic recommendations on best practices for the engagement of patients in emergency medicine (EM) research.MethodsWe created a panel of expert Canadian EM researchers, physicians, and a patient partner to develop our recommendations. We used mixed methods consisting of 1) a literature review; 2) a survey of Canadian EM researchers; 3) qualitative interviews with key informants; and 4) feedback during the 2017 Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians (CAEP) Academic Symposium.ResultsWe synthesized our literature review into categories including identification and engagement, patients’ roles, perceived benefits, harms, and barriers to patient engagement; 40/75 (53% response rate) invited researchers completed our survey. Among respondents, 58% had engaged patients in research, and 83% intended to engage patients in future research. However, 95% stated that they need further guidance to engage patients. Our qualitative interviews revealed barriers to patient engagement, including the need for training and patient partner recruitment.Our panel recommends 1) an overarching positive recommendation to support patient engagement in EM research; 2) seven policy-level recommendations for CAEP to support the creation of a national patient council, to develop, adopt and adapt training material, guidelines, and tools for patient engagement, and to support increased patient engagement in EM research; and 3) nine pragmatic recommendations about engaging patients in the preparatory, execution, and translational phases of EM research.ConclusionPatient engagement can improve EM research by helping researchers select meaningful outcomes, increase social acceptability of studies, and design knowledge translation strategies that target patients’ needs.
NEW EXHIBITION EXAMINES THE SOCIAL LIFE OF BRONZES THROUGH THE CENTURIES
Authors: Powers Martin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis is a short review of the “Mirroring China's Past” exhibition at the Art Institute of Chicago (February 25th–May 13th, 2018). For reference, the exhibition catalog is: Tao Wang 汪涛 et al. Mirroring China's Past: Emperors, Scholars, and Their Bronzes [吉金鑒古]. The Art Institute of Chicago, 2018. Distributed by Yale University Press, New Haven and London.
Multilevel correlates of household anthropometric typologies in Colombian mothers and their infants
Authors: Parra D. C. , Gomez L. F. , Iannotti L. , Haire-Joshu D. , Sebert Kuhlmann A. K. , Brownson R. C. 
Published: April 2018

Background.The aim of this study was to establish the association of maternal, family, and contextual correlates of anthropometric typologies at the household level in Colombia using 2005 Demographic Health Survey (DHS/ENDS) data.Methods.Household-level information from mothers 18–49 years old and their children <5 years old was included. Stunting and overweight were assessed for each child. Mothers were classified according to their body mass index. Four anthropometric typologies at the household level were constructed: normal, underweight, overweight, and dual burden. Four three-level [households (n = 8598) nested within municipalities (n = 226), nested within states (n = 32)] hierarchical polytomous logistic models were developed. Household log-odds of belonging to one of the four anthropometric categories, holding ‘normal’ as the reference group, were obtained.Results.This study found that anthropometric typologies were associated with maternal and family characteristics of maternal age, parity, maternal education, and wealth index. Higher municipal living conditions index was associated with a lower likelihood of underweight typology and a higher likelihood of overweight typology. Higher population density was associated with a lower likelihood of overweight typology.Conclusion.Distal and proximal determinants of the various anthropometric typologies at the household level should be taken into account when framing policies and designing interventions to reduce malnutrition in Colombia.
Dynamics of detonations with a constant mean flow divergence
Authors: Radulescu Matei I. , Borzou Bijan 
Published: April 2018

An exponential horn geometry is introduced in order to establish cellular detonations with a constant mean lateral mass divergence, propagating at quasi-steady speeds below the Chapman–Jouguet value. The experiments were conducted in $2\text{C}_{2}\text{H}_{2}+5\text{O}_{2}+21\text{Ar}$ and $\text{C}_{3}\text{H}_{8}+5\text{O}_{2}$. Numerical simulations were also performed for weakly unstable cellular detonations to test the validity of the exponential horn geometry. The experiments and simulations demonstrated that such quasi-steady state detonations can be realized, hence permitting us to obtain the relations between the detonation speed and mean lateral flow divergence for cellular detonations in an unambiguous manner. The experimentally obtained speed ($D$) dependencies on divergence ($K$) were compared with the predictions for steady detonations with lateral flow divergence obtained with the real thermo-chemical data of the mixtures. For the $2\text{C}_{2}\text{H}_{2}+5\text{O}_{2}+21\text{Ar}$ system, reasonable agreement was found between the experiments and steady wave prediction, particularly for the critical divergence leading to failure. Observations of the reaction zone structure in these detonations indicated that all the gas reacted very close to the front, as the transverse waves were reactive. The experiments obtained in the much more unstable detonations in $\text{C}_{3}\text{H}_{8}+5\text{O}_{2}$ showed significant differences between the experimentally derived $D(K)$ curve and the prediction of steady wave propagation. The latter was found to significantly under-predict the detonability of cellular detonations. The transverse waves in this mixture were found to be non-reactive, hence permitting the shedding of non-reacted pockets, which burn via turbulent flames on their surface. It is believed that the large differences between experiment and the inviscid model in this class of cellular structures is due to the importance of diffusive processes in the burn-out of the non-reacted pockets. The empirical tuning of a global one-step chemical model to describe the macro-scale kinetics in cellular detonations revealed that the effective activation energy was lower by 14 % in $2\text{C}_{2}\text{H}_{2}+5\text{O}_{2}+21\text{Ar}$ and 54 % in the more unstable $\text{C}_{3}\text{H}_{8}+5\text{O}_{2}$ system. This confirms previous observations that diffusive processes in highly unstable detonations are responsible for reducing the thermal ignition character of the gases processed by the detonation front.
New and Mesozoic-relict mollusks from Paleocene wood-fall communities in Urahoro Town, eastern Hokkaido, northern Japan
Authors: Amano Kazutaka , Jenkins Robert G. , Kurita Hiroshi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFive species of bivalves and two species of gastropods are described from late Selandian to earliest Thanetian wood-fall communities from the Katsuhira Formation in Urahoro Town, eastern Hokkaido, northern Japan. Three bivalves and two gastropods are new to science:Thyasira(Thyasira)oliveriAmano and Jenkins, new species,Astarte(Astarte)paleocenicaAmano and Jenkins, new species,Poromya katsuhiraensisAmano and Jenkins, new species,Neverita majimaiAmano and Jenkins, new species, andBiplica paleocenicaAmano and Jenkins, new species.Poromya katsuhiraensisn. sp. andNeverita majimain. sp. are the earliest records of their genus.Astarte paleocenican. sp. is the last species before the genus disappeared from the northern Pacific region during the Eocene, only to reappear with the opening of the Bering Strait during the latest Miocene. Moreover, two bivalve species and one gastropod genus are Cretaceous relict forms:Propeamussium yubarense(Yabe and Nagao, 1928),Myrtea ezoensis(Nagao, 1938), andBiplicaPopenoe, 1957. These species and other relict protobranch bivalves had wide geographical ranges in the deep sea during the Cretaceous, which helped them to survive the end-Cretaceous mass extinction. The chemosynthesis-based speciesBathyacmaea? sp.,Myrtea ezoensis, andThyasira oliverin. sp. were recovered, but small bathymodioline mussels have not been found. This confirms that the small deep-sea mussels did not appear in the wood-fall communities at least by the earliest Thanetian.UUID:http://zoobank.org/125bd4ab-b172-43d9-80b9-57b75a805150
A redescription and phylogenetic analysis based on new material of the fossil newtsTaricha oligocenicaVan Frank, 1955 andTaricha lindoeiNaylor, 1979 (Amphibia, Salamandridae) from the Oligocene of Oregon
Authors: Jacisin John J. , Hopkins Samantha S.B. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractComplete body fossils of salamanders are relatively rare, but provide critical information on the evolutionary roots of extant urodele clades. We describe new specimens of the fossil salamandridsTaricha oligocenicaVan Frank, 1955, andTaricha lindoeiNaylor, 1979, from the Oligocene Mehama and John Day formations of Oregon that illustrate aspects of skeletal morphology previously unseen in these taxa, and contribute to our understanding of population-level variation. Morphological analysis of these specimens supports the classification ofT.oligocenicaandT.lindoeias two different species, distinct from extantTaricha. Parsimony-based, heuristic analysis of phylogeny using 108 morphological characters for 40 taxa yields different results from a phylogenetic analysis that excludes four taxa known only via vertebrae. Our smaller analysis generally agrees with molecular phylogenies of the family Salamandridae, but with poorer resolution for molgin newts, especially betweenTarichaandNotophthalmus. The analysis including all taxa produced polytomies mostly related to complications from several fossil taxa. The presence or absence of dorsally expanded, sculptured neural spine tables on trunk vertebrae, an important character in past descriptions of fossil salamandrids, appears to be either homoplastic within the Salamandridae, or requires an expansion of characters or character states.Taricha oligocenicaandT. lindoeiare separate species of an at least 33 million-year-old clade, but their relationships with each other and extant North American salamandrids remain unclear with current levels of morphological data. Salamandrid research requires additional morphological data, particularly for the vertebrae and ribs, to better resolve salamandrid evolutionary history through morphological characters.
A late Quaternary paleoenvironmental record in sand dunes of the northern Atacama Desert, Chile
Authors: Finstad Kari M. , Pfeiffer Marco , McNicol Gavin , Tuite Michael , Williford Kenneth , Amundson Ronald 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis paper reports a previously unidentified paleoenvironmental record found in sand dunes of the Atacama Desert, Chile. Long-term aeolian deflation by prevailing onshore winds has resulted in the deposition of sand on the irregular surface of a Miocene-aged anhydrite outcrop. Two deposits ~25 km apart, along the prevailing wind trajectory, were hand excavated then analyzed for vertical (and temporal) changes in physical and chemical composition. Radiocarbon ages of organic matter embedded within the deposits show that rapid accumulation of sediment began at the last glacial maximum and slowed considerably after the Pacific Ocean attained its present post-glacial level. Over this time period, grain sizes are seen to increase while accumulation rates simultaneously decrease, suggesting greater wind speeds and/or a change or decrease in sediment supply. Changes in δ34S values of sulfate in the sediment beginning ~10 ka indicate an increase in marine sources. Similarly, δ2H values from palmitic acid show a steady increase at ~10 ka, likely resulting from aridification of the region during the Holocene. Due to the extreme aridity in the region, these sand dunes retain a well-preserved chemical record that reflects changes in elevation and coastal proximity after the last glacial maximum.
Radiocarbon Dating and Intercomparison of Some Early Historical Radiocarbon Samples
Authors: Jull A J T , Pearson C L , Taylor R E , Southon J R , Santos G M , Kohl C P , Hajdas I , Molnar M , Baisan C , Lange T E , Cruz R , Janovics R , Major I 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe performed a new series of measurements on samples that were part of early measurements on radiocarbon (14C) dating made in 1948–1949. Our results show generally good agreement to the data published in 1949–1951, despite vast changes in technology, with only two exceptions where there was a discrepancy in the original studies. Our new measurements give calibrated ages that overlap with the known ages. We dated several samples at four different laboratories, and so we were also able to make a small intercomparison at the same time. In addition, new measurements on samples from other Egyptian materials used by Libby and co-workers were made at UC Irvine. Samples of tree rings used in the original studies (from Broken Flute Cave and Centennial Stump) were obtained from the University of Arizona Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research archive and remeasured. New data were compared to the original studies and other records.
The evolution of human trafficking messaging in the United States and its effect on public opinion
Authors: Bonilla Tabitha , Mo Cecilia Hyunjung 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDespite a near unanimous agreement that human trafficking is a morally reprehensible practice, there is confusion around what qualifies as human trafficking in the United States. Adopting a mixed-method strategy, we examine how human trafficking is defined by the public; how contemporary (mis)understanding of human trafficking developed; and the public opinion consequence of this (mis)understanding. The definition of human trafficking has evolved over time to become nearly synonymous with slavery; however, we demonstrate that media and anti-trafficking organisations have been focussing their attention on the sexual exploitation of foreign women. We show that general public opinion reflects this skewed attention; the average citizen equates human trafficking with the smuggling of women for sexual slavery. Using a survey experiment, we find that shining light on other facets of human trafficking – the fact that human trafficking is a security problem and a domestic issue – can increase public response to the issue.
Understanding the link between exposure to violence and aggression in justice-involved adolescents
Authors: Wall Myers Tina D. , Salcedo Abigail , Frick Paul J. , Ray James V. , Thornton Laura C. , Steinberg Laurence , Cauffman Elizabeth 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe current study advanced research on the link between community violence exposure and aggression by comparing the effects of violence exposure on different functions of aggression and by testing four potential (i.e., callous–unemotional traits, consideration of others, impulse control, and anxiety) mediators of this relationship. Analyses were conducted in an ethnically/racially diverse sample of 1,216 male first-time juvenile offenders (M = 15.30 years, SD = 1.29). Our results indicated that violence exposure had direct effects on both proactive and reactive aggression 18 months later. The predictive link of violence exposure to proactive aggression was no longer significant after controlling for proactive aggression at baseline and the overlap with reactive aggression. In contrast, violence exposure predicted later reactive aggression even after controlling for baseline reactive aggression and the overlap with proactive aggression. Mediation analyses of the association between violence exposure and reactive aggression indicated indirect effects through all potential mediators, but the strongest indirect effect was through impulse control. The findings help to advance knowledge on the consequences of community violence exposure on justice-involved youth.
Appropriate Use Criteria for paediatric echocardiography in an outpatient practice: a validation study
Authors: Cartoski Mark J. , Kiley Meghan , Spevak Philip J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundAlthough transthoracic echocardiography is the dominant imaging modality in CHD, optimal utilisation is unclear. We assessed whether adherence to the paediatric Appropriate Use Criteria for outpatient transthoracic echocardiography could reduce inappropriate use without missing significant cardiac disease.MethodsUsing the Appropriate Use Criteria, we determined the indication and appropriateness rating for each initial echocardiogram performed at our institution during calendar year 2014 (N=1383). Chart review documented ordering provider training, patient demographics, and study result, classified as normal, abnormal, or abnormal motivating treatment within a 2-year follow-up period. We tested whether provider training level or patient age correlated with echocardiographic findings or appropriateness rating.ResultsWe found that 83.9% of echocardiograms were normal and that 66.7% had an appropriate indication. Nearly all abnormal results and all results motivating treatment were in appropriate studies, giving an odds ratio of 2.73 for an abnormal result if an appropriate indication was present (95% confidence interval 1.92–3.89, p<0.001). None of the remaining initial abnormal results with less than appropriate indications became significant, resulting in treatment over 2 years. Results suggest a potential reduction in imaging volume of as much as 33% with application of the criteria. Cardiologists ordered nearly all studies resulting in treatment but also more echocardiograms with less appropriate indications. Most examinations were in older patients; however, most abnormal results were in patients younger than 1 year.ConclusionsThe Appropriate Use Criteria can be used to safely reduce echocardiography volume while still detecting significant heart disease.
Canadian adaptation of the Newest Vital Sign©, a health literacy assessment tool
Authors: Mansfield Elizabeth D , Wahba Rana , Gillis Doris E , Weiss Barry D , L’Abbé Mary 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe Newest Vital Sign© (NVS) was developed in the USA to measure patient health literacy in clinical settings. We adapted the NVS for use in Canada, in English and French, and created a computerized version. Our objective was to evaluate the reliability of the Canadian NVS as a self-administered computerized tool.DesignWe used a randomized crossover design with a washout period of 3–4 weeks to compare health literacy scores obtained using the computerized version with scores obtained using the standard interviewer-administered NVS. ANOVA models and McNemar’s tests assessed differences in outcomes assessed with each version of the NVS and order effects of the testing.SettingParticipants were recruited from multicultural catchment areas in Ontario and Nova Scotia.SubjectsEnglish- and French-speaking adults aged 18 years or older.ResultsA total of 180 (81 %) of the 222 adults (112 English/110 French) initially recruited completed both the interviewer-NVS and computer-NVS. Scores for those who completed both assessments ranged from 0 to 6 with a mean of 3·63 (sd 2·11) for the computerized NVS and 3·41 (sd 2·21) for the interview-administered NVS. Few (n 18; seven English, eleven French) participants’ health literacy assessments differed between the two versions.ConclusionsOverall, the computerized Canadian NVS performed as well as the interviewer-administered version for assessing health literacy levels of English- and French-speaking participants. This Canadian adaptation of the NVS provides Canadian researchers and public health practitioners with an easily administered health literacy assessment tool that can be used to address the needs of Canadians across health literacy levels and ultimately improve health outcomes.