bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of delirium on patients hospitalized for myocardial infarction: A propensity score analysis of the National Inpatient Sample
Authors: Abdullah Abdullah , Eigbire George , Salama Amr , Wahab Abdul , Awadalla Mohanad , Hoefen Ryan , Alweis Richard 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundDelirium is associated with worse outcomes in critically ill patients. In the subset of patients with myocardial infarction (MI), the impact on clinical outcomes of delirium is not as well elucidated.HypothesisDelirium is associated with increased mortality in patients hospitalized for MI.MethodsThe study used data from the National Inpatient Sample 2012 to 2014, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. We included discharges associated with the primary diagnosis of MI using the relevant International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. The outcome was inpatient mortality between the delirium group and propensity score–matched controls without delirium.ResultsThe study included 1 330 020 weighted discharges with MI as the principal diagnosis. Within this cohort, 18 685 discharges (1.4%) had delirium. Delirium was associated with older age, lower rates of percutaneous coronary intervention, and increased comorbid conditions. The delirium group had higher mortality (10.5% vs 2.6%, P < 0.001). Propensity score–matching analysis showed increased mortality in the delirium group (10.5% vs 7.6%, relative risk: 1.39 [95% confidence interval: 1.2–1.6, P < 0.001) using nearest neighbor 1:1 matching.ConclusionsIn individuals with MI, delirium was associated with increased inpatient mortality.
A Hybrid Organogel of a Low Band Gap Diketopyrrolopyrrole with PC71BM: Phase Separated Morphology and Enhanced Photoconductivity
Authors: Ghosh Samrat , Das Satyajit , Saeki Akinori , Praveen Vakayil K. , Seki Shu , Ajayaghosh Ayyappanpillai 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOrganogels based on self‐assembled low band gap organic semiconductors are of great interest in the field of optoelectronics, although there are not many such systems known. Herein, we report a diketopyrrolopyrrole derivative (DPP‐Amide) with H‐bonding terminal groups that promote one‐dimensional (1D) assembly. This design leads to the formation of an organogelator having a low band gap of 1.5 eV, and near‐infrared (NIR) emission in the self‐assembled state. Furthermore, in the film state self‐assembled DPP‐Amide showed enhanced intrinsic photoconductivity when compared to isolated molecules upon the addition of different weight ratio of phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM).
Enhancing the Kinetic Stability and Lifetime of Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes based on Bipolar Hosts by using Spiroconjugation
Authors: Son Won‐joon , Kwak Seung‐Yeon , Koo Hyun , Choi Byoungki , Kim Sunghan , Lee Hyo Sug , Whangbo Myung‐Hwan , Choi Hyeonho 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe examined how to enhance the lifetime of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on bipolar host molecules ET‐HT, where ET and HT refer to electron‐ and hole‐transporting units, respectively, by analyzing their thermodynamic and kinetic stabilities. Our DFT calculations reveal that the thermodynamic stability of ET‐HT is determined by that of its anion, which is difficult to improve by chemical modifications of ET and HT. The kinetic stability of ET‐HT can be enhanced by the spiroconjugation between ET and HT, which occurs when their π‐frameworks are extended and have an orthogonal arrangement. Green OLED devices were fabricated by using ET‐HTs with and without spiroconjugation, to find that the device with spiroconjugation has a lifetime that is approximately 6 times longer than the one without spiroconjugation.
The Dorsal Column Lesion Model of Spinal Cord Injury and Its Use in Deciphering the Neuron‐Intrinsic Injury Response
Authors: Attwell Callan L. , van Zwieten Mike , Verhaagen Joost , Mason Matthew R. J. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTThe neuron‐intrinsic response to axonal injury differs markedly between neurons of the peripheral and central nervous system. Following a peripheral lesion, a robust axonal growth program is initiated, whereas neurons of the central nervous system do not mount an effective regenerative response. Increasing the neuron‐intrinsic regenerative response would therefore be one way to promote axonal regeneration in the injured central nervous system. The large‐diameter sensory neurons located in the dorsal root ganglia are pseudo‐unipolar neurons that project one axon branch into the spinal cord, and, via the dorsal column to the brain stem, and a peripheral process to the muscles and skin. Dorsal root ganglion neurons are ideally suited to study the neuron‐intrinsic injury response because they exhibit a successful growth response following peripheral axotomy, while they fail to do so after a lesion of the central branch in the dorsal column. The dorsal column injury model allows the neuron‐intrinsic regeneration response to be studied in the context of a spinal cord injury. Here we will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this model. We describe the surgical methods used to implement a lesion of the ascending fibers, the anatomy of the sensory afferent pathways and anatomical, electrophysiological, and behavioral techniques to quantify regeneration and functional recovery. Subsequently we review the results of experimental interventions in the dorsal column lesion model, with an emphasis on the molecular mechanisms that govern the neuron‐intrinsic injury response and manipulations of these after central axotomy. Finally, we highlight a number of recent advances that will have an impact on the design of future studies in this spinal cord injury model, including the continued development of adeno‐associated viral vectors likely to improve the genetic manipulation of dorsal root ganglion neurons and the use of tissue clearing techniques enabling 3D reconstruction of regenerating axon tracts. © 2018 The Authors. Developmental Neurobiology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 00: 000–000, 2018
N‐Doped Hollow Porous Carbon Spheres/Bismuth Hybrid Film Modified Electrodes for Sensitive Voltammetric Determination of Trace Cadmium
Authors: Qin Danfeng , Wang Le , Gao Sanshuang , Wang Ying , Mamat Xamxikamar , Li Yongtao , Wagberg Thomas , Cheng Hao , Hu Guangzhi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this work, N‐doped hollow porous carbon spheres (N‐HPCSs) were synthesized by silicon dioxide template‐assisted polybenzoxazine (PB) coating strategy. The prepared N‐HPCSs have a smooth hollow ball structure surrounded by a well‐defined porous shell. Combining with in‐situ plating of Bi film, the N‐HPCSs were further fabricated a sensitive electrochemical platform for determination trace levels of Cd(II) by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV). Under the optimized conditions, the Bi‐N‐HPCSs based sensor displays a linear response to Cd(II) over the range of 0.5 μg L−1 to 150 μg L−1. Meanwhile, the limit of detection (LOD, S/N=3) is estimated to be around 0.16 μg L−1 for Cd(II), which is 31 times lower than the safety values set by United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for the drinking water. Moreover, the proposed method was successfully applied to detection of Cd(II) in tap water and lake water, and the analytical results of the presented method are agreed well with inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) data. Due to the excellent analytical performance, the fabricated electrode is promised for future development in monitoring of cadmium pollution in the environment.
Oscillatory EEG signatures of postponed somatosensory decisions
Authors: Ludwig Simon , Herding Jan , Blankenburg Felix 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn recent electroencephalography (EEG) studies, the vibrotactile frequency comparison task has been used to study oscillatory signatures of perceptual decision making in humans, revealing a choice‐selective modulation of premotor upper beta band power shortly before decisions were reported. Importantly, these studies focused on decisions that were (1) indicated immediately after stimulus presentation, and (2) for which a direct motor mapping was provided. Here, we investigated whether the putative beta band choice signal also extends to postponed decisions, and how such a decision signal might be influenced by a response mapping that is dissociated from a specific motor command. We recorded EEG data in two separate experiments, both employing the vibrotactile frequency comparison task with delayed decision reports. In the first experiment, delayed choices were associated with a fixed motor mapping, whereas in the second experiment, choices were mapped onto a color code concealing a specific motor response until the end of the delay phase. In between stimulus presentations, as well as after the second stimulus, prefrontal beta band power indexed stimulus information held in working memory. Beta band power also encoded choices during the response delay, notably, in different cortical areas depending on the provided response mapping. In particular, when decisions were associated with a specific motor mapping, choices were represented in premotor cortices, whereas the color mapping resulted in a choice‐selective modulation of beta band power in parietal cortices. Together, our findings imply that how a choice is expressed (i.e., the decision consequence) determines where in the cortical sensorimotor hierarchy an according decision signal is processed.
Numerical simulation of steam–water two‐phase flow under dynamic load
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Song Baoyin , Yao Qiuping , Cao Xi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA separated‐phase physical model for steam–water two‐phase flow on a rotating platform was developed. The mesh generation for a horizontal pipe was conducted, and the finite volume method was used to discretize the equations. Equations were solved with the SIMPLE algorithm after setting the initial and boundary conditions. Predicted results were compared with experimental data, and they agreed well with each other. The results showed that the fluid outlet pressure and pressure drop in the test section increased with increasing dynamic load. However, the effective heat transferred to the fluid decreased with the increase of dynamic load. The developed model can be used to simulate the gas–liquid two‐phase flow under different gravity or rotary conditions.
Prospective metabolomics study identifies potential novel blood metabolites associated with pancreatic cancer risk
Authors: Shu Xiang , Zheng Wei , Yu Danxia , Li Hong‐Lan , Lan Qing , Yang Gong , Cai Hui , Ma Xiao , Rothman Nathaniel , Gao Yu‐Tang , Jia Wei , Xiang Yong‐Bing , Shu Xiao‐Ou 
Published: May 2018

Using a metabolomics approach, we systematically searched for circulating metabolite biomarkers for pancreatic cancer risk in a case‐control study nested within two prospective Shanghai cohorts. Included in our study were 226 incident pancreatic cancer cases and their individually‐matched controls. Untargeted mass spectrometry platforms were used to measure metabolites in blood samples collected prior to cancer diagnosis. Conditional logistic regression was performed to assess the associations of metabolites with pancreatic cancer risk. We identified 10 metabolites associated with pancreatic cancer, after accounting for multiple comparisons (the Benjamini‐Hochberg false discovery rate <0.05). The majority of the identified metabolites were glycerophospholipids (ORs per SD increase: 0.44–2.32; p values: 7.2 × 10−4 to 1.0 × 10−6), six of which were associated with decreased risk and one with increased risk. Additionally, levels of coumarin (OR = 1.96, p = 3.7 × 10−6) and picolinic acid (OR = 2.53, p = 5.0 × 10−5) were positively associated with pancreatic cancer risk, while tetracosanoic acid was inversely associated with risk (OR = 0.48, p = 7.16 × 10−7). Four metabolites remained statistically significant after mutual adjustment. Our study provides novel evidence that the dysregulation of glycerophospholipids may play an important role in pancreatic cancer development.
Mathematical Analysis of Chemical Reaction Systems
Authors: Yu Polly Y. , Craciun Gheorghe 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe use of mathematical methods for the analysis of chemical reaction systems has a very long history, and involves many types of models: deterministic versus stochastic, continuous versus discrete, and homogeneous versus spatially distributed. Here we focus on mathematical models based on deterministic mass‐action kinetics. These models are systems of coupled nonlinear differential equations on the positive orthant. We explain how mathematical properties of the solutions of mass‐action systems are strongly related to key properties of the networks of chemical reactions that generate them, such as specific versions of reversibility and feedback interactions.
β‐lactam resistance: The role of low molecular weight penicillin binding proteins, β‐lactamases and ld‐transpeptidases in bacteria associated with respiratory tract infections
Authors: Ealand Christopher S. , Machowski Edith E. , Kana Bavesh D. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDisruption of peptidoglycan (PG) biosynthesis in the bacterial cell wall by β‐lactam antibiotics has transformed therapeutic options for bacterial infections. These antibiotics target the transpeptidase domains in penicillin binding proteins (PBPs), which can be classified into high and low molecular weight (LMW) counterparts. While the essentiality of the former has been extensively demonstrated, the physiological roles of LMW PBPs remain poorly understood. Herein, we review the function of LMW PBPs, β‐lactamases and ld‐transpeptidases (Ldts) in pathogens associated with respiratory tract infections. More specifically, we explore their roles in mediating β‐lactam resistance. Using a comparative genomics approach, we identified a high degree of genetic redundancy for LMW PBPs which retain the motifs, SxxN, SxN and KTG required for catalytic activity. Differences in domain architecture suggest distinct physiological roles, possibly related to bacterial cell cycle and/or adaptation to various environmental conditions. Many of the LMW PBPs play an important role in β‐lactam resistance either through mutation or variation in abundance. In all of the bacterial genomes assessed, at least one β‐lactamase homologue is present, suggesting that enzymatic degradation of β‐lactams is a highly conserved resistance mechanism. Furthermore, the presence of Ldt homologues in the majority of species surveyed suggests that alternative PG crosslinking may further mediate β‐lactam drug resistance. A deeper understanding of the interplay between these different mechanisms of β‐lactam resistance will provide a framework for new therapeutics, which are urgently required given the rapid emergence of antimicrobial resistance. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(9):855–868, 2018
What are the macroeconomic effects of high‐frequency uncertainty shocks?
Authors: Ferrara Laurent , Guérin Pierre 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThis paper evaluates the effects of high‐frequency uncertainty shocks on a set of low‐frequency macroeconomic variables representative of the US economy. Rather than estimating models at the same common low frequency, we use recently developed econometric models, which allow us to deal with data of different sampling frequencies. We find that credit and labor market variables react the most to uncertainty shocks in that they exhibit a prolonged negative response to such shocks. When looking at detailed investment subcategories, our estimates suggest that the most irreversible investment projects are the most affected by uncertainty shocks. We also find that the responses of macroeconomic variables to uncertainty shocks are relatively similar across single‐frequency and mixed‐frequency data models, suggesting that the temporal aggregation bias is not acute in this context.
A multilayer scaffold design with spatial arrangement of cells to modulate esophageal tissue growth
Authors: Soliman Sherif , Laurent Julie , Kalenjian Lena , Burnette Kalia , Hedberg Bert , La Francesca Saverio 
Published: May 2018

AbstractEsophageal diseases may require resectioning of the damaged portion. The current standard of care requires the replacement of the esophagus with the stomach or the intestine. Such procedures have high rates of mortality and morbidity; therefore, the use of alternative conduits is needed. A tissue engineering approach that allows for the regeneration of esophageal tissues would have significant clinical application. A cell‐seeded synthetic scaffold could replace the resected part of the esophagus and elicit tissue regrowth. In order to ideally recreate a functioning esophagus, its two crucial tissue layers should be induced: an epithelium on the luminal surface and a muscle layer on the exterior surface. To create a bioengineered esophagus with both tissue layers, a multilayer (ML) tubular scaffold design was considered. Luminal and exterior layers were electrospun with broad pore size to promote penetration and proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells on the lumen and smooth muscle cells on the external. These two layers would be separated by a thin layer with substantially narrower pore size intended to act as a barrier for the two cell types. This ML scaffold design was achieved via electrospinning by tuning the solution and the process parameters. Analysis of the scaffold demonstrated that this tuning enabled the production of three integrated layers with distinguishable microstructures and good mechanical integrity. In vitro validation was conducted on the separated unilayer components of the ML scaffold. The resultant proof‐of‐concept ML scaffold design could possibly support the spatial arrangement of cells needed to promote esophageal tissue regeneration. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 107B: 324–331, 2019.
Evaluation of the toxicity effects of silk fibroin on human lymphocytes and monocytes
Authors: Naserzadeh Parvaneh , Mortazavi Seyed Alireza , Ashtari Khadijeh , Salimi Ahmad , Farokhi Mehdi , Pourahmad Jalal 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSilk fibroin nanoparticles (SFNPs) as a natural polymer have been utilized in biomedical applications such as suture, tissue engineering‐based scaffolds, and drug delivery carriers. Since there is little data regarding the toxicity effects on different cells and tissues, we aimed to determine the toxicity mechanisms of SFNPs on human lymphocytes and monocytes based on reliable methods. Our results showed that SFNPs (0.5, 1, and 2 mg/mL) induced oxidative stress via increasing reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψ) collapse, which was correlated to cytochrome c release and Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)/Adenosine tri phosphate (ATP) ratio increase as well as lysosomal as another toxicity mechanism, which led to cytosolic release of lysosomal digestive proteases, phosphor lipases, and apoptosis signaling. Taken together, these data suggested that SFNPs toxicity was associated with mutual mitochondrial/lysosomal cross‐talk and oxidative stress on human lymphocytes and monocytes with activated apoptosis signaling.
Apolipoprotein C1 promotes prostate cancer cell proliferation in vitro
Authors: Su Wei‐peng , Sun Li‐na , Yang Shun‐liang , Zhao Hu , Zeng Teng‐yue , Wu Wei‐zhen , Wang Dong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHere, we aimed to investigate the carcinogenic effects of apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1) in prostate cancer (PCa). APOC1 expression was evaluated in PCa and normal prostate specimens, and lentivirus‐mediated RNA interference was used to knockdown APOC1 in DU145 cells. The effects of APOC1 silencing on cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis were assessed. APOC1 expression was much higher in PCa tissues than in normal tissues. Moreover, APOC1 silencing inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation, arrested cell cycle progression, and enhanced apoptosis in DU145 cells. Additionally, APOC1 silencing decreased survivin, phospho‐Rb, and p21 levels and increased cleaved caspase‐3 expression. These data supported the procarcinogenic effects of APOC1 in the pathogenesis of PCa and suggested that targeting APOC1 may have applications in the treatment of PCa.
Hypermethylation of IL‐10 gene is responsible for its low mRNA expression in Behçet's disease
Authors: Alipour Shahriar , Nouri Mohammad , Khabbazi Alireza , Samadi Nasser , Babaloo Zohreh , Abolhasani Somayeh , Farhadi Jafar , Roshanravan Neda , Jadideslam Golamreza , Sakhinia Ebrahim 
Published: May 2018

AbstractInterleukin‐10 (IL‐10), produced generally by monocyte, T helper type 2 (Th2), and regulatory T cells (Treg), plays a central role in controlling inflammatory responses and regulating the immune response of the IL‐10 mRNA expression. It is significantly down‐regulated in many autoimmune diseases such as Behçet's disease; this is mostly associated with more aggressive complications. Nevertheless, the essential molecular process for its low expression has not been completely realized. The aim of this project was attempted to estimate the gene expression, promoter methylation, and protein levels to IL‐10's down‐regulated expression. In this study, blood samples from 51 (4 missed) patients and 63 (2 missed) healthy controls were taken, with the mononuclear cells isolated by the Ficoll Protocol. DNA and RNA were then subsequently extracted. Promoter methylation levels were evaluated by MeDIP‐qPCR. Following this, the extracted RNA was converted to cDNA using the RT‐PCR method, with the expression of IL‐10 later evaluated by Real‐time PCR. And then, serum levels of IL‐10 were measured using ELISA method. As we expected, the expression level of the IL‐10 gene was seen to significantly decline in the patient group in comparison to the control. Also, the rate of promoter methylation was significantly higher in the IL‐10 mRNA low expression group (patient group) compared to its high expression group (healthy group) (P < 0.001). We revealed that hypermethylation of promoter region was the principal defect for the IL‐10 mRNA low expression in patients with Behçet's disease.
Roles of the genomic sequence surrounding the stem‐loop structure in the junction region including the 3′ terminus of open reading frame 1 in hepatitis E virus replication
Authors: Cao Dianjun , Ni Yan‐Yan , Walker Michelle , Huang Yao‐Wei , Meng Xiang‐Jin 
Published: May 2018

Hepatitis E virus (HEV), a member of the family Hepeviridae, causes both acute and chronic viral hepatitis. We have previously demonstrated that the stem‐loop structure in the junction region (JR) of HEV genome plays a critical role in HEV replication. However, the function of the sequence bordering the JR, including the 3′ terminus of open reading frame (ORF1), in HEV replication is unknown. In this study, a panel of HEV Renilla luciferase (Rluc) replicons containing various deletions at 5′ or 3′ termini of the JR was constructed to determine the effect of the deletions on HEV replication in Huh7 human liver cells. We showed that even a single nucleotide deletion at the 5′ terminus of the JR abolished HEV replication, whereas deletions at the 3′ terminus of the JR also decreased virus replication efficiency. Furthermore, we also constructed firefly luciferase and Rluc dual‐reporter HEV replicons containing the 3′ terminal ORF1 of various lengths and the JR inserted upstream of the Rluc reporter. A higher level of HEV replication was observed in cells transfected with replicons containing the 3′ terminal ORF1 than that of the JR only replicon. We also showed that the ORF3 noncoding sequence along with the JR promoted a higher level of translation activity than that promoted by JR and the ORF2 noncoding sequence.