bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spinal Injections, Epidural Neurolysis and Denervation for Specific Low Back Pain and Sciatica
Authors: Veihelmann Andreas 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Background Many members of the adult population suffer acute low back pain at some stage in life. A specific cause is found in only a rather small number of these patients. Some of the patients develop chronic low back pain and this is a major source of disability. On the other hand, there has been a great increase in Germany in the number of spinal operations due to degenerative spine disease and, in turn, unnecessary surgery on the spine is under debate.
Methods This is a narrative review of different minimally invasive spine procedures in the treatment of specific low back pain. The effectiveness of spinal injections, radiofrequency of the facet joints as well as epidural adhesiolysis/neurolysis are described. An analysis of the literature was performed via PubMed, Medline and the Cochrane Database.
Results Facet-, epidural and intradiscal steroid injections for specific pain generators in the degenerative spine show different short- and long-term results; they are able to improve low back pain in specific patients with chronic low back pain and may be able to prevent some of these patients from having to undergo open surgery. Furthermore, there are promising results from interventions such as epidural neurolysis for sciatica and radiofrequency of the medial branch of the dorsal root for the treatment of axial facet-related back pain. Facet and intradiscal steroid injections give only short-term effects in axial low back pain and should therefore only be considered reluctantly, whereas the different forms of epidural steroid injections in patients with sciatica due to radicular compression offer a well proven adjuvant treatment option within a conservative therapeutic regimen. The overview of the literature with the use of different steroids has shown that use of non-particulate steroids show better results with respect to the safety and avoidance of major complications, especially when used at the cervical spine. However, in Germany the use of these steroids is still off label and patients have to give informed consent prior to injection. In summary, careful use of spinal injections and interventions within a conservative physiotherapeutic regimen seem to improve chronic back pain and, in turn, to be able to prevent some patients from having to undergo spine surgery.
Unsymmetrical Difunctionalization of Two Different C–H Bonds in One Pot Under Transition-Metal Catalysis
Authors: Murai Masahito , Takai Kazuhiko 
Published: November 2018

Recent advancements in unsymmetrical difunctionalization based on the substitution of two different C–H bonds in one-pot are described. Due to the difficulty of controlling reactivity and selectivity, multi-functionalization via substitution of several C–H bonds to install different functional groups has been limited until recently, in comparison with well-studied functionalization via sequential addition to unsaturated π-bonds. This difunctionalization protocol provides an efficient and rapid approach to a library of structurally complicated target molecules through the formation of multiple C–X bonds with high atom- and step-economy.1	Introduction2	ortho-Selective Functionalization of Two Different C–H Bonds
Relative to the Directing Group2.1	Unsymmetrical Difunctionalization with the Introduction of	Similar Functional Groups2.2	Unsymmetrical Difunctionalization with the Introduction of	Different Functional Groups2.3	ortho-Selective Unsymmetrical Difunctionalization Promoted by	Two Different Directing Groups Appearing During the Progress	of the Reaction3	ortho/meta-Selective C–H Bond Difunctionalization Relative to	the Directing Group4	Sequential Difunctionalization of Fused Aromatic Compounds	and Heterocycles5	Summary and Outlook
Isolated Intraspinal Extradural Tubercular Lesion without Osseous Involvement
Authors: Pandey Sharad , Pandey Deepa , Singh Kulwant , Sharma Vivek , Ghosh Amrita 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) continues to be a major public health problem in developing countries. Approximately 10% of patients with extrapulmonary TB have skeletal involvement. The spine is the most commonly affected skeletal site. The neurologic manifestations of spinal TB are most often secondary to bone involvement but can also be due to neural and perineural tissues involvement. TB may involve any level from the cervical to lumbosacral region. Extradural tubercular granuloma without vertebral involvement is uncommon. The authors reported an uncommon case of isolated intraspinal extradural TB lesion without osseous involvement of the thoracic spine in an adult man. Surgical intervention along with chemotherapy is one of the preferred treatments for intraspinal extradural tubercular lesion.
Reconstruction of a Large Full-Thickness Alar Defect Using an Extended Free Composite Flap from the Pinna: A Case Report
Authors: Vlachogiorgos Apostolos , Grecu Titus-Andrei , Salibi Andrej , Oudit Deemesh 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAlar reconstruction can pose a challenging task in reconstructive surgery. Herein, we describe a case of a large full-thickness alar defect (involving the full- thickness of the left ala, 50% of the tip of the nose and extending over the left nasal sidewall and cheek) that was reconstructed using a contralateral free composite pinna flap, which extended into the right temple. A 70-year-old man with a squamous cell carcinoma to the left ala underwent surgical excision and immediate reconstruction with an extended contralateral free composite pinna flap based on a branch of the right superficial temporal artery supplying the helical root and the skin paddle of the supra-auricular area. The patient had an uneventful recovery and the result was aesthetically pleasing without compromising the nostril or the external nasal valve. Based on this case, a free composite flap incorporating the contralateral root of helix and adjacent tissue from the temporal region is an option that could be used in a single-staged procedure for reconstruction of large full-thickness alar defects. One of the challenges of performing free flaps in this area is the paucity of suitable recipient veins. This can be reliably addressed with a vein graft.
Comparison of ACUITY, CRUSADE, and GRACE Risk Scales for Predicting Clinical Outcomes in Patients Treated with Dual-Antiplatelet Therapy
Authors: Choi Sun , Kim Moo , Serebruany Victor 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSeveral reliable scales have been proposed for the management and prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) treated with dual-antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). We sought to compare the performance of three conventional risk scores to predict major bleeding (MB; such as ACUITY or CRUSADE), or major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE for GRACE). This study included 904 consecutive post-ACS patients from the single Korean study center who underwent coronary interventions, and were treated with DAPT. All three scores were calculated based on admission data. MB and MACE were collected at 30-day and 1-year follow-ups. MB was defined according to the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) criteria (types 3–5), and MACE included all-cause death, myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization, and stroke. MB occurred in 114 patients (12.6%) during 30 days, and 65 patients (7.2%) from 30 days till 1-year follow-up. MACE occurred in 28 (3.1%) and 72 (8.0%) patients during 30 and 30 days till 1 year, respectively. For 30 days MB, the discriminatory ability of ACUITY (AUC: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.81–0.86) and CRUSADE (AUC: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.79–0.84) was similar, and more reliable than GRACE (AUC: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.71–0.77; p < 0.0001 and p = 0.002, respectively). The predictive value for 1-year MB was similar between ACUITY (AUC: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.72–0.78, p < 0.0001), CRUSADE (AUC: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.70–0.73, p < 0.0001), and GRACE (AUC: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.67–0.73, p < 0.0001) classifications. All three risk scales exhibited similar prediction for 30-day and 1-year MACE. We conclude that ACUITY and CRUSADE scores were superior to GRACE in predicting 30-day MB. However, all three risk scales were similarly useful for long-term MB, and MACE assessment.
Embolization for Hemoptysis—Angiographic Anatomy of Bronchial and Systemic Arteries
Authors: Chennur Vikash , Shashi Kumar , Ryan Stephen , Hadziomerovic Adnan , Gupta Ashish 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMassive hemoptysis is a potentially fatal respiratory emergency. The majority of these patients are referred to interventional radiology for bronchial artery embolization (BAE). Immediate clinical success in stopping hemoptysis ranges from 70 to 99%. However, recurrent hemoptysis after BAE is seen in 10 to 55% patients. One of the main reasons for recurrence is incomplete embolization due to unidentified aberrant bronchial and/or non-bronchial systemic arterial supply. This pictorial essay aims to describe the normal and variant bronchial arterial anatomy and non-bronchial systemic arterial feeders to the lungs on conventional angiography; the knowledge of which is critical for interventional radiologists involved in the care of patients with hemoptysis.
Quantifying the role of mineral bridges on the fracture resistance of nacre-like composites
Authors: Grossman Madeleine , Bouville Florian , Masania Kunal , Studart André R. 
Published: November 2018

Significance
Nacre, commonly called mother of pearl, is a biological composite that displays an exceptional combination of strength and noncatastrophic fracture behavior. The quantitative understanding of the structure–property correlations observed in nacre could provide powerful guidelines for the design of lightweight composite materials. By fabricating nacre-like brick-and-mortar composites from aligned alumina microplatelets interconnected by titania mineral bridges, we have been able to isolate and quantify the influence of mineral bridge density on the composite’s fracture properties. Because the model synthetic material is structured from ceramic constituents at the same length scale as biological nacre, it sheds light on the fundamental role of mineral bridges in natural brick-and-mortar structures, while also demonstrating outstanding mechanical properties.
Emergent elasticity in the neural code for space
Authors: Ocko Samuel A. , Hardcastle Kiah , Giocomo Lisa M. , Ganguli Surya 
Published: November 2018

Significance
We develop a theoretical model, grounded in known properties of neural dynamics and synaptic plasticity, that can fuse information gathered from the past history of velocity and sequence of encountered landmarks during exploratory behavior, to construct a self-consistent internal representation of space. Moreover, through model reduction techniques, we obtain conceptual insights into how consistent internal spatial representations naturally emerge through an elastic relaxation process in an effective spring–particle system. We verify several experimentally testable predictions of our model involving the spatial behavior of grid cells in the medial entorhinal cortex, as well as suggest additional experiments.
Interplay of the Norrin and Wnt7a/Wnt7b signaling systems in blood–brain barrier and blood–retina barrier development and maintenance
Authors: Wang Yanshu , Cho Chris , Williams John , Smallwood Philip M. , Zhang Chi , Junge Harald J. , Nathans Jeremy 
Published: November 2018

Significance
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) and the blood–retina barrier (BRB) play essential roles in maintaining the health of the central nervous system. Two partially redundant ligand–receptor systems—the Norrin and Wnt7a/Wnt7b systems—activate β-catenin signaling in vascular endothelial cells to control BBB and BRB development and maintenance. The present study explores the partially overlapping roles of these two systems in the postnatal brain and retinal vasculatures. In the cerebellum, the two signaling systems are substantially redundant in maintaining the BBB, with isolated loss of some components, such as the ligand Wnt7a or the coactivator Tspan12, producing little or no barrier defect but combined loss of the two components producing a large defect in barrier integrity.
Role of human Hv1 channels in sperm capacitation and white blood cell respiratory burst established by a designed peptide inhibitor
Authors: Zhao Ruiming , Kennedy Kelleigh , De Blas Gerardo A. , Orta Gerardo , Pavarotti Martín A. , Arias Rodolfo J. , de la Vega-Beltrán José Luis , Li Qufei , Dai Hui , Perozo Eduardo , Mayorga Luis S. , Darszon Alberto , Goldstein Steve A. N. 
Published: November 2018

Significance
Some peptide toxins act by stabilizing the voltage sensor domains (VSDs) of voltage-gated channels in open or closed conformations. hHv1 is a human voltage-gated proton channel and has lacked a specific inhibitor to assess its roles in physiology. We designed a phage-display library of 1 million novel peptides sharing an inhibitor cysteine knot (ICK) scaffold by combining elements of natural toxins; phagemids expressing Corza6 (C6) were selected by their capacity to bind to hHv1 protein. Two C6 peptides bind to the two VSDs in hHv1 and thereby inhibit channel operation. C6 was employed to confirm hypothesized roles for hHv1 in human sperm and white blood cells. The method should prove amenable to designer toxin identification for other voltage-gated channels.
Multiplicity in lieu of authority
Authors: Stenberg Josh 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Over the past two decades, internet users have been the prolific producers of online English translations of
Chinese classical poetry, resulting in multiple variant translations of the same short originals. This essay gives reasons for the
popularity of such translations before examining how this corpus can be approached through ‘near-simultaneous reading.’ A case
study of ten amateur internet translations of a line from a well-known Tang poem shows how, regardless of the deficiencies or
limits of any single internet translation, a richer and more accurate understanding of the original can be achieved through
reading several in succession. Insofar as it refrains from privileging any given translation, near-simultaneous reading allows the
polysemy of the original to be respected by encounters with multiple versions, and puts the onus of meaning-creation on the
reader. Reading in this fashion opens new avenues for imagining the multiple meanings of an original text via variants experienced
in quick succession and assembled uniquely.
Sentential negation and negative words in Guadeloupean Creole
Authors: Petitjean Simon , Schang Emmanuel 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This paper deals with negation in Guadeloupean Creole. We present the diversity of uses of negation in GC and detail the constraints on negative concord. We show that the different n-words exhibit a non-homogeneous behavior. Our analyses are couched in the Tree-Adjoining Grammar framework.
Negation in Pichi (Equatorial Guinea)
Authors: Yakpo Kofi 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This chapter provides a detailed overview of negation in Pichi, the English-lexifier Creole spoken by the people of the island of Bioko (Equatorial Guinea). Pichi negation patterns align closely with areal negation patterns found across a broad swath of West Africa. Like the vast majority of genealogically diverse languages of the region, Pichi employs asymmetric negation strategies. These involve the use of subjunctive mood for the negation of imperatives, the use of suppletive portmanteau forms that combine negative polarity and aspect, and the use of an identity-equation copula that incorporates negative polarity, temporal-aspectual values, person deixis and pragmatic functions, and whose distribution is determined by complex syntactic rules. Negative concord is pragmatically determined, hence non-strict with common nouns, where it renders emphatic meanings. Negative concord is grammatically determined and strict with negative indefinite pronouns and with negative phrases fulfilling the functions of negative indefinite pronouns. I conclude that Pichi negation patterns are typically areal in character and cannot be seen to reflect a “Creole” linguistic type.
Negation in Cape Verdean Creole
Authors: Baptista Marlyse , de Pina Emanuel Correia 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This paper focuses on the behavior of Negation of the Cape Verdean Creole (CVC) variety spoken in Santiago (ST), using Longobardi’s (2014) theoretical framework. We examine simple negation, as well as the semantic and distributional properties of N-words. Following Longobardi’s framework, we offer a parametric analysis of Negation in ST, accounting for the behavior of the negative morpheme ka and the syntax and semantics of N-words such as ningen “no one/anyone” and nada “nothing/anything”. Analyzing the behavior of Negation using Longobardi’s theoretical framework allows us to fine-tune his proposal in order to account for the data at hand: we propose that the typology of Neg and N-words in CVC points to a conceptually balanced system whereby the negator ka can be [+ NOT] or [−NOT] and the N-words can be [+NOT] or [−NOT] or [+ANY] or [−ANY]. To complete this typology in which N-words can be ambiguous between [+NOT, −ANY] and [−ANY, +NOT], we show that non N-words like algen ‘someone’ can be ambiguous between a negative operator and a non-negative item, giving rise to readings that are ambiguous between “anyone/no one” and “someone”. We argue that such lexical items may carry the features [−NOT, −ANY] or [−NOT, +ANY].
Europhobes and Europhiles, Eurospats and Eurojibes
Authors: Partington Alan , Zuccato Matilde 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This paper is an examination in three parts of the UK’s debate on membership of the European Union, before and immediately after the so-called ‘Brexit’ Referendum. The first part takes its cue from an article by Wolfgang Teubert which has exercised considerable influence in the field of corpus-assisted discourse studies (CADS), namely, his examination of the language of EU-scepticism in the UK (Teubert 2001). The aim of the CADS approach is the uncovering, in the discourse type under study, of non-obvious meanings and patterns of meanings, that is, meanings which might not be readily available to naked-eye perusal. Teubert’s paper was an inspiring example of these procedures.1 In the second part, a para-replication of Teubert’s work, we revisit attitudes to the EU as represented in sections of the UK press in 2013 (the year the British Prime Minister announced an “in-out” referendum on EU membership). The third section examines the themes debated immediately before and immediately after the referendum vote in June 2016. We also reflect on how the much-invoked notion of negative representation needs to be employed with care, particularly with regard to media discourses.
Network Unavailable: Informal Populations and Literary Form
Authors: Gladstone Jason 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis essay argues that Roberto Bolaño’s 2666 (2004) and Tao Lin’s Taipei (2013) are global novels that represent the contemporary as a condition in which reality is not governed by the laws of interconnectedness. In 2666 the contemporary is neither networked nor interconnected; in Taipei it is networked but not interconnected. In both novels, the fact of interconnection is not a fact. Rather, here personhood is inoperative and networks are unavailable. From this perspective, the task of the contemporary global novel is not to produce feelings of connection and expansions of subjectivity. Rather, these narratives demonstrate that the contemporary global novel can repurpose literary character to represent informal populations—populations that are included and isolated within global systems in such a way that they are structurally precluded from the state of interconnection.
PhastWeb: a web interface for evolutionary conservation scoring of multiple sequence alignments using phastCons and phyloP
Authors: Ramani Ritika , Krumholz Katie , Huang Yi-Fei , Siepel Adam 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Summary
The Phylogenetic Analysis with Space/Time models (PHAST) package is a widely used software package for comparative genomics that has been freely available for download since 2002. Here, we introduce a web interface (phastWeb) that makes it possible to use two of the most popular programs in PHAST, phastCons and phyloP, without downloading and installing the PHAST software. This interface allows users to upload a sequence alignment and either upload a corresponding phylogeny or have one estimated from the alignment. After processing, users can visualize alignments and conservation scores as genome browser tracks and download estimated tree models and raw scores for further analysis. Altogether, this resource makes key features of the PHAST package conveniently available to a broad audience.

Availability and implementation
PhastWeb is freely available on the web at http://compgen.cshl.edu/phastweb/. The website provides instructions as well as examples.
Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Before 13 and 15 Years of Age: Analysis of National Immunization Survey Teen Data
Authors: Bednarczyk Robert A , Ellingson Mallory K , Omer Saad B 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is suboptimally used in the United States. Vaccination before the 13th birthday is recommended by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices and vaccination before the 15th birthday requires only 2 doses. We estimated the proportion of adolescents up to date for HPV vaccine using provider-verified vaccination data from the 2016 National Immunization Survey-Teen. Only 16% of US adolescents completed HPV vaccination before turning 13, and 35% completed HPV vaccination before turning 15. With sexual activity initiation increasing throughout adolescence and higher immunogenicity for younger vaccinees, vaccination before the 13th birthday can provide better protection against HPV-related cancers.
Inferring a difference in the star-forming properties of lower versus higher X-ray luminosity AGNs
Authors: Bernhard E , Grimmett L P , Mullaney J R , Daddi E , Tadhunter C , Jin S 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
We explore the distribution of RMS ≡ SFR/SFRMS (where SFRMS is the star formation rate of ‘main-sequence’ star-forming galaxies) for AGN hosts at $z$ = 1. We split our sample into two bins of X-ray luminosity divided at LX = 2 × 1043 erg s−1 to investigate whether the RMS distribution changes as a function of AGN power. Our main results suggest that, when the RMS distribution of AGN hosts is modelled as a log-normal distribution (i.e. the same shape as that of MS galaxies), galaxies hosting more powerful X-ray AGNs (i.e. LX &gt; 2 × 1043 erg s−1) display a narrower RMS distribution that is shifted to higher values compared to their lower LX counterparts. In addition, we find that more powerful X-ray AGNs have SFRs that are more consistent with that of MS galaxies compared to lower LX AGNs. Despite this, the mean SFRs (as opposed to RMS) measured from these distributions are consistent with the previously observed flat relationship between SFR and LX. Our results suggest that the typical star-forming properties of AGN hosts change with LX, and that more powerful AGNs typically reside in more MS-like star-forming galaxies compared to lower LX AGNs.