bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chromatic transit light curves of disintegrating rocky planets
Authors: Ridden-Harper A. R. , Keller C. U. , Min M. , van Lieshout R. , Snellen I. A. G. 
Published: July 2018

Context. Kepler observations have revealed a class of short-period exoplanets, of which Kepler-1520 b is the prototype, which have comet-like dust tails thought to be the result of small, rocky planets losing mass. The shape and chromaticity of the transits constrain the properties of the dust particles originating from the planet’s surface, offering a unique opportunity to probe the composition and geophysics of rocky exoplanets.
Aims. We aim to approximate the average Kepler long-cadence light curve of Kepler-1520 b and investigate how the optical thickness and transit cross section of a general dust tail can affect the observed wavelength dependence and depth of transit light curves.
Methods. We developed a new 3D model that ejects sublimating particles from the planet surface to build up a dust tail, assuming it to be optically thin, and used 3D radiative transfer computations that fully treat scattering using the distribution of hollow spheres (DHS) method, to generate transit light curves between 0.45 and 2.5 μm.
Results. We show that the transit depth is wavelength independent of optically thick tails, potentially explaining why only some observations indicate a wavelength dependence. From the 3D nature of our simulated tails, we show that their transit cross sections are related to the component of particle ejection velocity perpendicular to the planets orbital plane and use this to derive a minimum ejection velocity of 1.2 km s−1. To fit the average transit depth of Kepler-1520 b of 0.87%, we require a high dust mass-loss rate of 7−80 M⊕ Gyr−1 which implies planet lifetimes that may be inconsistent with the observed sample. Therefore, these mass loss rates should be considered to be upper limits.
Nowcasting of Solar Energetic Particle Events using near real-time Coronal Mass Ejection characteristics in the framework of the FORSPEF tool
Authors: Papaioannou Athanasios , Anastasiadis Anastasios , Sandberg Ingmar , Jiggens Piers 
Published: July 2018

In this work the derived occurrence probability of solar energetic particle (SEP) events (i.e. proton events measured at Earth’s position) and their peak fluxes and total fluences depending on coronal mass ejection (CME) parameters, i.e. linear speed (V) and the angular width (AW) are presented. A new SEP catalogue with associated CME data from 1997 to 2013 is utilized. It is found that the SEP probability strongly depends on the CME speed and the angular width as follows: The highest association (72.70%) is obtained for the full halo CMEs with V ≥ 1500 km s−1 and the lowest association (0.7%) is found for the non halo CMEs with 400 km s−1 ≤ V ≤ 1000 km s−1. The SEP occurrence probabilities are different as much as 26 times according to the CME speed (V), comparing fast versus slow CMEs and 44 times according to the AW, comparing halo to non halo CMEs. Furthermore, linear regressions of the proton peak flux and integral fluence at several integral energy channels (E > 10 MeV, E > 30 MeV, E > 60 MeV, E > 100 MeV) were obtained. Our results, were used to build a module of an operational forecasting tool (i.e. FORecasting Solar Particle Events and Flares – FORSPEF, http://tromos.space.noa.gr/forspef/). This module performs nowcasting (short term forecasting) of SEP events using near real-time CME identifications obtained from CACTus (http://sidc.oma.be/cactus/). The outputs offered by the operational module of the tool to the end user (textural, pictorial, archived data) are presented. Finally, the validation of the system, in terms of archived data is described, in terms of categorical scores (Probability of Detection – POD and a False Alarm Rate – FAR).
Eigengefährdung des Patienten ernst nehmen
Authors: Kemmel Markus 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungIm siebten Teil unserer Serie geht es um einen Patienten mit paranoider Schizophrenie, der immer wieder Suizidgedanken äußert. Aufgrund seiner langen Aufenthalte und seines ablehnenden Verhaltens wird die potenzielle Selbstgefährdung des Patienten vom Stationsteam nicht hundertprozentig ernst genommen. Die Motivation, ihm zu helfen, ist gesunken. Lesen Sie, wie das Pflegeteam es schafft, mithilfe der systemischen Fallbesprechung neue Perspektiven zu entwickeln. Auch hier möchten wir Sie wieder einladen, sich selbst in die verschiedenen Rollen hineinzuversetzen. Fallen Ihnen weitere Lösungswege ein? Dann schreiben Sie uns an psych.pflegeheute@thieme.de.
Studies of the Factor Xa-Dependent Inhibitor of Factor VIIa/Tissue Factor (Extrinsic Pathway Inhibitor) from Cell Supernates of Cultured Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
Authors: Warn-Cramer Bonnie J , Almus Fanny E , Rapaport Samuel I 
Published: July 2018

SummaryCultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) have been reported to produce extrinsic pathway inhibitor (EPI), the factor Xa-dependent inhibitor of factor VHa/tissue factor (TF). We examined the release of this inhibitor from HUVEC as a function of their growth state and in response to the induction of endothelial cell TF activity. HUVEC constitutively produced significant amounts of EPI at all stages of their growth in culture including the post-confluent state. Rate of release varied over a 3-fold range for primary cultures from 12 different batches of pooled umbilical cord cells. Constitutive EPI release was unaltered during a 6 hour period of induction of TF activity with thrombin or phorbol ester but slowed during longer incubation of the cells with phorbol ester. Whereas plasma contains two molecular weight forms of EPI, only the higher of these two molecular weight forms was demonstrable by Western analysis of HUVEC supernatants with 125I-factor Xa as the ligand.
Haemostatic Effects of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin in Chronic Haemodialysis Patients
Authors: Geet Chris van , Hauglustaine Didier , Verresen Luc , Vanrusselt Marleen , Vermylen Jos 
Published: July 2018

SummaryRecombinant human erythropoietin was administered for up to 40 weeks to nine patients on chronic haemodialysis. From the third week of administration onwards, not only haemoglobin and haematocrit but also the platelet count rose, the latter, however, transiently. Subnormal platelet aggregation before therapy also improved transiently and in parallel with the erythropoietin dosage. The bleeding time normalized in almost all patients. There were no major side-effects. We conclude that recombinant erythropoietin improves haemostasis in chronic haemodialysis patients by increasing the haematocrit and in addition transiently enhances platelet number and function.
Effects of Calcium Channel Blockers on In Vitro Platelet Function in Whole Blood Using Single Platelet Counting
Authors: Walley T J , Woods K L , Barnett D B 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe effects of various calcium channel blockers on in vitro platelet aggregation were studied using whole blood platelet counting. Diltiazem and verapamil inhibited aggregation caused by adrenaline 5 μM and collagen 2 μg/ml, but only at concentrations far in excess of those seen in clinical use. Nifedipine and nimodipine also inhibited aggregation to these agonists, but this seemed to be due to the solvent used. The solvent for these dihydropyridines contains 15% ethanol, 15% polyethylene glycol and 70% water, and the ethanol component is the most likely to have caused an antiaggregatory effect. Other studies showing an antiaggregatory effect of dihydropyridines may not have taken account of this solvent effect.
The Effect of Va rious Anticoagulant/Anti platelet Mixtures on Determination of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor, Platelet Proteins and Hemostasis Farameters
Authors: Eriksson E , Lengborn L , Risberg B 
Published: July 2018

SummaryBlood collected in different anticoagulant/antiplatelet agents(ETP, EDTA, citrate, citratelcitric acid pH 4.5 and CTAD) was compared with respect to determination of PAI-1 activity and PAI-1 antigen. βTG and PF4 were analysed as markers of platelet release. Both the middle layer and the remaining layer of the plasma were studied. Moreover vWF:Ag, FVII:Ag, ECLI t-PA:Ag, t-PA activity, APTT VIII: C and VII: C were assayed in blood collected in citrate and CTADPAI-1 activity showed the same level in all citrate based anticoagulants and ETP and no increase was found in blood standing for 2 hours at room temperature. On the contrary quick handling was most important for determination of PAI-1 antigen. In tubes anticoagulated with citrate no significant increase was found if the sample was prepared within 1 hour. EDTA was not suitable as anticoagulant mixture. Tubes containing the antiplatelet mixture CTAD could be used for determination of PAI activity, PAI antigen, vWF:Ag, FVIIiAg, t-PA activity and APTT.For measurement of PAI-1 antigen quick handling of blood anticoagulated with antiplatelet mixtures are preferable, and plasma treated in that manner could also be used to assay some hemostasis parameters.
A Thiocholine Ester of Cinnamic Acid Inhibits Crosslinking of Fibrin without Specific Binding to Donor Lysines
Authors: Perret B A , Seelich T , Furlan M , Beck E A 
Published: July 2018

SummaryIn the presence of activated factor XIII, 2-diethylbenzyl-aminoethylthiol-14C-transcinnamate bromide completely inhibited the crosslinking of fibrin. However, all three fibrin chains bound the cinnamic acid, and, in the α- and γ-chains, the binding of label was not restricted to the crosslinking donor sites as might be expected. Furthermore, even in the absence of activated factor XIII, fibrinogen and fibrin incorporated cinnamic acid. Thus, as well as reacting with the functional thiol group of factor XIII, the thiocholine ester of cinnamic acid is incorporated non-specifically throughout the fibrinogen and fibrin subunit chains. The thiocholine ester used differs in this respect from dansyl cadaverine which is incorporated enzymatically and exclusively to the (acceptor) sites involved in crosslinking. Thiocholine ester of cinnamic acid cannot be used as a label for localization of specific crosslinking donor sites.
Increase of the Sialic Acid-Rich Variants of the Bβ-and γ-Chains of Fibrinogen Zurich II
Authors: Straub P W , Gati W P 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe abnormally high sialic acid-content of fibrinogen Zurich II could be attributed to the presence of a higher proportion of the sialic acid-rich L variant of both the γ and Bβ- polypeptide chains of fibrinogen Zurich II as compared to normal fibrinogen.
Is Quantitative Determination of Fibrin(ogen) Degradation Products and Thrombin-Antithrombin III Complexes Useful to Diagnose Deep Venous Thrombosis in Outpatients?
Authors: van Bergen Paul F M M , Knot Eduard A R , Jonker Jan J C , de Boer Auke C , de Maat Moniek P M 
Published: July 2018

SummaryWe studied the diagnostic value of recently introduced ELISA’s for the determination of thrombin-antithrombin III (TAT) complexes, fibrin degradation products (FbDP), fibrinogen degradation products (FgDP) and total degradation products (TDP) for deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in plasma of 239 consecutive outpatients, suspected for DVT by their family doctor. DVT was confirmed by impedance plethysmography in 60 patients. Using the 95th percentile range of 42 healthy volunteers the sensitivity for the detection of DVT was: 37% for TAT, 95% for TDP, 92% for FbDP and 90% for FgDP. Specificity was: 88% for TAT, 16% for TDP, 20% for FbDP and 25% for FgDP.We conclude that these assays are of little value in the diagnosis of DVT in outpatients.
Association of Reduced Factor VIII with Impaired Platelet Reactivity to Adrenalin and Collagen after Total Thyroidectomy
Authors: Palareti G , Biagi G , Legnani C , Bianchi D , Serra D , Savini R , Coccheri S 
Published: July 2018

SummaryTwenty-one thyroprival patients, previously submitted to total thyroidectomy for tumours, were investigated during stabilized L-thyroxine supplementation and at the end of a 20-25 day “no-therapy” period, necessary for a 131I total body scintigraphy. During supplementation therapy a lower than normal mean betathromboglobulin (beta-TG) release level was found, the other blood clotting and platelet function tests being normal. After substitution therapy withdrawal, platelet function tests showed reduced adrenalin aggregation, increased collagen threshold aggregating concentrations, decreased beta-TG release values and reduced aggregation to ristocetin, whereas blood clotting tests showed prolonged aPTT values and reduced levels of factor VIII: C and vWf: Ag. We conclude that in acquired hypothyroidism the lowering of factor VIII: C and vWf: Ag (acquired von Wille brand disease) is associated with impaired platelet reactivity not only to ristocetin but also to collagen and especially adrenalin. In the patients investigated these changes were almost completely corrected by substitutive therapy with L-thyroxine at clinically effective doses.
C1-Esterase Inhibitor in Uncomplicated Pregnancy and Mild and Moderate Preeclampsia
Authors: Halbmayer Walter-Michael , Hopmeier Pierre , Mannhalter Christine , Heuss Friedrich , Leodolter Sepp , Rubi Karl , Fischer Michaet 
Published: July 2018

SummaryRoutine coagulation tests and measurement of the plasma levels of C1-esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) and antithrombin III were performed in 17 women with mild preeclampsia, 10 women with moderate preeclampsia and 20 women with uncomplicated pregnancy. All pregnant probands were within the third trimester of pregnancy. 20 non-pregnant women were used as controls. The gfoups were matched in age and the pregnant ones were also matched in gestational age.C1-INH activity and antigen were significantly reduced (p <0.002) in normally pregnant women as compared with nonpregnant ones. Further, CI-INH activity was lower in women with mild preeclampsia and significantly lower in women with moderate preeclampsia (p <0.05) as compared with normally pregnant women. None of the plasmatic coagulation tests was indicative of a consumption reaction. We conclude that C1-INH activity and antigen reductions are commonly associated with pregnancy. Furthermore, as markedly lower values can be found in mild and moderate preeclampsia, measurement of the C1-INH activity in pregnant women within the third trimester might proof useful to establish the diagnosis of a preeclamptic condition.
A Comparative Study of Crosslinked and Noncrosslinked Fibrin from the Major Classes of Vertebrates
Authors: Schwartz Martin L. , Pizzo Salvatore V. , Sullivan J Bolling , Hill Robert L. , McKee Patrick A. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryCrosslinked and noncrosslinked fibrin formed by clotting whole plasma in the presence and absence of calcium has been examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate. The fibrin from 45 species of vertebrates with representatives from all classes except the Bradyodonti (Chimaeras) and a majority of the subclasses have been compared. Noncrosslinked fibrin from the mammals contained subunits resembling the α, β, and γ chains of human noncrosslinked fibrin. The molecular weight of the α-chains varied greatly, the molecular weight of the β-chains varied slightly, while the molecular weight of the γ-chains was apparently invariant. Nonerosslinked avian fibrins showed clearly resolved γ-chains with a molecular weight slightly smaller than human γ-chains. Avian α- and β-chains were usually not resolved. Nonerosslinked fibrin from the reptiles and amphibians contained a clearly resolved subunit with a molecular weight similar to that of human γ-chain. In crosslinked fibrin from all of the mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians the γ-chain was absent and a new band which corresponded to a dimer of the γ-chain was found, while high molecular weight polymers were only found in a few species. Fibrin formed from the plasma of the bony fishes was often difficult because of the problem of fibrinolysis ; however, non crosslinked fibrin from some species of bony fish had three clearly resolved subunits while the crosslinked fibrin from all of the species examined had dimers as the predominant crosslinked forms. The noncrosslinked fibrin from the cartilaginous fish had subunits in the same molecular weight range as the other vertebrate fibrins; however, the crosslinked fibrin was unique to this class because all of the fibrin subunits were involved in the crosslinking process. Dimers appeared to be a transient species, and a large number of different high molecular weight crosslinked species were formed. The crosslinked fibrin from the hagfish contained dimers and no higher molecular weight crosslinked forms. Rapid fibrinolysis complicated the interpretation of the results from all of the classes of fish.
Inhibition of Injury Induced Thromboatherosclerotic Lesions by Anti-Platelet Serum in Rabbits
Authors: Moore Sean , Friedman R. J , Singal D. P , Gauldie J , Blajchman M. A , Roberts R. S 
Published: July 2018

SummaryWe have previously shown that repeated or continuous intimal injury caused by an indwelling aortic catheter causes a variety of lesions in rabbits maintained on a diet unsupplemented by lipid. These include fatty streaks, lipid-free fibrous plaques and lipid-rich raised thromboatherosclerotic plaques. Whether lipid-rich raised lesions are a result of injury or co-existing thrombosis or both is not clear. The present experiment was designed to answer this question. Anti-platelet serum (APS) to washed sonicated rabbit platelets was raised in sheep. PE 60 polyethylene catheters were placed in the aortas of 35 rabbits by way of a femoral artery. The animals were randomly divided into 2 groups. The experimental group (17 rabbits) received an intravascular injection of 1.0 ml of APS followed 8 hours later by a subcutaneous injection of 0.5 ml. Thereafter, 0.5 ml APS was given subcutaneously each day for 13 additional days. The control group (18 rabbits) received no APS. Platelet counts were done prior to surgery, at 5 minutes following surgery, at 4 days, 8 days and just prior to killing. Extent of lesions was estimated by photographing the opened aortas, projecting the photographs on cardboard, cutting out the areas occupied by the different lesions and weighing the cardboard. The mean weight of raised lesions in the control group was 6 to 7 times greater than in the experimental groups. Statistical analysis of this difference based on Welsh‘s “t” test for unequal variances was highly significant (P<0.001). Platelet counts in the experimental group varied from 0 to 20,000 at 14 days. In animals with platelet counts ≤ 1,000 mm3 raised lesions were completely prevented. In a second experiment the effect of APS was compared with normal sheep serum (NSS). A similarly significant inhibition of raised lesions occurred in the APS group. The extent of lesions in the NSS control was similar to that in the No-APS group of the first experiment. These findings indicate that thrombosis is more important than injury in the development of lipid-rich raised lesions.
Benefit/Risk Profile of Combined Antiplatelet Therapy with Ticlopidine and Aspirin
Authors: De Caterina Raffaele , Sicari Rosa , Bernini Walter , Lazzerini Guido , Strata Giuliana Buti , Giannessi Daniela 
Published: July 2018

SummaryTiclopidine (T) and aspirin (ASA) are two antiplatelet drugs both capable of prolonging bleeding time (BT), with a different mechanism of action. A synergism in BT prolongation has been reported and is currently considered an argument for not recommending their combination. However, a profound suppression of platelet function might be a desirable counterpart of a marked prolongation of BT, with a possible use in selected clinical situations. We therefore studied ex vivo platelet function (aggregation by ADP 0.5-1-2.5 μM; adrenaline 0.75-2.5 μM; collagen 1.5-150 μg/ml; arachidonic acid 1 mM; PAF 1 μM; adrenaline 0.17 μM + ADP 0.62 μM; serum thromboxane ([TX]B2 generation) and BT (Mielke) in 6 patients with stable coronary artery disease receiving such combination. Patients underwent sequential laboratory evaluations at baseline, after 7 days of T 250 mg b.i.d., before and after the intravenous administration of ASA 500 mg, respectively, and, finally, after a minimum of 7 days of sole ASA oral administration (50 mg/day). The experimental design, therefore, allowed a comparison of T and ASA effects (2nd and 4th evaluation), and an assessment of the combination effect (3rd evaluation). Platelet aggregation in response to all doses of ADP was depressed more by T than by ASA. Conversely, responses to adrenaline, and arachidonate were affected more by ASA than by T. For all other agents, differences were not significant. T + ASA combination was more effective (p <0.05) than either treatment alone in depressing responses to high-dose collagen (% over control, mean ± SEM: T: 95 ± 3; ASA: 96 ± 5; T + ASA: 89 ± 4). Serum TXB2 (basal, ng/ml: 380 ± 54) did not change with T (372 ± 36), dropped to <1 ng/ml on ASA injection and slightly re-increased to 9.1 ± 3.1 ng/ml on oral low-dose ASA. BT (basal 7.4 ± 0.6 min) was affected similarly by T (9.2 ± 0.8) or ASA (9.7 ± 0.9) alone, but increased to 15.0 ± 0.7 min on combination treatment (106% increase over control). Thus, the strong synergism in BT prolongation by ASA-T combination has a counterpart in the inhibition of platelet function in response to strong stimuli such as high-dose collagen, not otherwise affected significantly by single-drug treatment. This effect is a possible rationale for the clinical evaluation of T + ASA combination.
A Photometric Assay for Blood Coagulation Factor XIII
Authors: Fickenscher Karl , Aab Angela , Stüber Werner 
Published: July 2018

SummaryAn assay for a direct photometric determination of F XIII in untreated and undiluted plasma was developed. In a one-step procedure F XIII is activated by thrombin and Ca2+ and crosslinks glycine-ethylester to a specific glutamine containing peptide substrate. The released ammonia is incorporated into α-keto-glutarate by glutamate dehydrogenase, and the NADH consumption of this reaction is measured photometrically at 340 nm. NADH-consumption is directly proportional to the F XIII activity. Fibrin polymerization and the corresponding turbidity is avoided by the use of a fibrin aggregation inhibitor.The procedure is rapid and simple and enables to measure within the range of 0 to 150% F XIII. It can be performed with automated analyzers as well as with common photometric equipment.The normal range of F XIII activity in 167 healthy donors was determined to be 70 to 140%.