bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunity properties of the s-degrees
Authors: Omanadze Roland , Sorbi Andrea 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
We investigate immunity properties of the s-degrees. In particular we show that neither the immune nor the hyperimmune s-degrees are upwards closed since there exist s-degrees a ≤s
b such that a is hyperimmune, but b is immune free. We also show that there is no hyperhyperimmune set A such that , where is the complement of the halting set and ≤ŝ denotes the finite-branch version of s-reducibility.
Localized boundary-domain integral equation formulation for mixed type problems
Authors: Chkadua Otar , Mikhailov Sergey E. , Natroshvili David 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Some modifed direct localized boundary-domain integral equations (LBDIEs) systems associated with the mixed boundary value problem (BVP) for a scalar “Laplace” PDE with variable coefficient are formulated and analyzed. The main results established in the paper are the LBDIEs equivalence to the original variable-coefficient BVPs and the invertibility of the corresponding localized boundary-domain integral operators in appropriately chosen function spaces.
Global well-posedness and linearization of a semilinear 2D wave equation with exponential type nonlinearity
Authors: Mahouachi Olfa , Saanouni Tarek 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
We consider the initial value problem for a two-dimensional semi-linear wave equation with exponential type nonlinearity. We obtain global well-posedness in the energy space. We also establish the linearization of bounded energy solutions in the spirit of Gérard [J. Funct. Anal. 141: 60–98, 1996]. The proof uses Moser–Trudinger type inequalities and the energy estimate.
The Amounts of Water Adsorbed to the Surface of Clay Minerals at the Plastic Limit
Authors: Gorączko Aleksandra , Olchawa Andrzej 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The paper presents results of a study on the amount of water associated with the solid phase of the clay water system at the plastic limit. Two model monomineral clays, namely kaolinite, and montmorillonite, were used in the study. The latter was obtained by gravitational sedimentation of Na-bentonite (Wyoming).
The calculated mean number of water molecule layers on the external surface of montmorillonite was 14.4, and water in interlayer spaces constituted 0.3 of the water mass at the plastic limit.
The number of water layers on the external surface of kaolinite particles was 63, which was related to the higher density of the surface electrical charge of kaolinite compared to that of montmorillonite.
The calculations were made on the basis of the external surface area of clays and the basal spacing at the plastic limit measured by an X-ray diffraction test. The external surface area of clays was estimated by measuring sorption at a relative humidity p/p
0 = 0.5.
Response of Partially Saturated Non-cohesive Soils
Authors: Świdziński Waldemar , Mierczyński Jacek , Mikos Agata 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This paper analyses and discusses experimental results of undrained triaxial tests. The tests were performed on non-cohesive partially saturated soil samples subjected to monotonic and cyclic loading. The tests were aimed at determining the influence of saturation degree on soil’s undrained response (shear strength, excess pore pressure generation). The saturation of samples was monitored by checking Skempton’s parameter B. Additionally, seismic P-wave velocity measurements were carried out on samples characterized by various degrees of saturation. The tests clearly showed that liquefaction may also take place in non-cohesive soils that are not fully saturated and that the liquefaction potential of such soils strongly depends on the B parameter.
Influence of hygrothermal condition on dynamic viscoelasticity of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata). Part 1: moisture adsorption
Authors: Zhan Tianyi , Jiang Jiali , Lu Jianxiong , Zhang Yaoli , Chang Jianmin 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The dynamic viscoelasticity of Chinese fir was investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), while the influence of the moisture adsorption (MAds) was the focus of the study. The specimens were climatized at 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80°C under two relative humidity (RH) modes. The RHramp mode included 0, 30, 60 and 90% RH with varied ramping rates (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0% RH min−1), while the RHisohume method worked with constant RHs of 30, 60 and 90%, respectively, for 60, 120 or 240 min. During the MAds process, a decrease in stiffness and an increase in damping of the wood were seen and were attributed to the combination of the plasticization, mechano-sorptive (MS) effects and heating. High temperatures accelerate the MAds pace and intensify the plasticization and MS effects. In RHramp experiments, the glass transition RH (RHg) of xylan was visible, as determined by the maximum of damping. The values of RHg varied from 60 to 90% at 50°C or above. In the RHisohume mode, the thermal softening of hemicelluloses and lignin occurred for shorter time periods under more severe hygrothermal (HT) levels between 40–60°C and 70–80°C, respectively. During MAds, the MS effect diminished as the wood approached a new equilibrium moisture content (EMC). The MAds times to new EMCs became shorter at the expense of intensifying the unstable arrangement of the wood cell wall. Severe HT levels led to great residual instabilities in the wood cell wall, which could be evaluated by the relationship between the extent of the MS effect and the difference between the MC and EMC.
A Japanese patient with congenital central hypothyroidism caused by a novel IGSF1 mutation
Authors: Yamaguchi Takeshi , Hothubo Tomoyuki , Morikawa Shuntaro , Nakamura Akie , Mori Toshihiko , Tajima Toshihiro 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background:

IGSF1 abnormality causes diverse symptoms, including congenital central hypothyroidism (CCH), prolactin hyposecretion, testicular enlargement and delayed puberty.

Case presentation:
Here, we report a case of a male patient who visited our hospital with a chief complaint of abdominal pain and short stature, in whom we identified a novel IGSF1 mutation. He was closely examined because of chronic constipation since infancy, persistent abdominal pain at 14 years of age and marked short stature (−4.7 standard deviation [SD] for normal Japanese boys). He was diagnosed with CCH. Decreased prolactin (PRL) secretion was also observed. IGSF1 analysis revealed a novel mutation at the splicing donor site (c.2065+1G>A) in intron 11. In silico analysis predicted this mutation to be a non-functional splice donor site. After thyroid hormone replacement, his thyroid function, constipation and growth rate improved.

Conclusions:
This is the first report of a patient in whom constipation and short stature led to a diagnosis of CCH with a novel IGSF1 mutation.
The safety of Lipistart, a medium-chain triglyceride based formula, in the dietary treatment of long-chain fatty acid disorders: a phase I study
Authors: MacDonald Anita , Webster Rachel , Whitlock Matthew , Gerrard Adam , Daly Anne , Preece Mary Anne , Evans Sharon , Ashmore Catherine , Chakrapani Anupam , Vijay Suresh , Santra Saikat 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background:
Children with long-chain fatty acid β-oxidation disorders (LCFAOD) presenting with clinical symptoms are treated with a specialist infant formula, with medium chain triglyceride (MCT) mainly replacing long chain triglyceride (LCT). It is essential that the safety and efficacy of any new specialist formula designed for LCFAOD be tested in infants and children.

Methods:
In an open-label, 21-day, phase I trial, we studied the safety of a new MCT-based formula (feed 1) in six well-controlled children (three male), aged 7–13 years (median 9 years) with LCFAOD (very long chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency [VLCADD], n=2; long chain 3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency [LCHADD], n=2; carnitine acyl carnitine translocase deficiency [CACTD], n=2). Feed 1 (Lipistart; Vitaflo) contained 30% energy from MCT, 7.5% LCT and 3% linoleic acid and it was compared with a conventional MCT feed (Monogen; Nutricia) (feed 2) containing 17% energy from MCT, 3% LCT and 1.1% linoleic acid. Subjects consumed feed 2 for 7 days then feed 1 for 7 days and finally resumed feed 2 for 7 days. Vital signs, blood biochemistry, ECG, weight, height, food/feed intake and symptoms were monitored.

Results:
Five subjects completed the study. Their median daily volume of both feeds was 720 mL (range 500–1900 mL/day). Feed 1 was associated with minimal changes in tolerance, free fatty acids (FFA), acylcarnitines, 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-HB), creatine kinase (CK), blood glucose, liver enzymes and no change in an electrocardiogram (ECG). No child complained of muscle pain or symptoms associated with LCFAOD on either feed.

Conclusions:
This is the first safety trial reported of an MCT formula specifically designed for infants and children with LCFAOD. In this short-term study, it appeared safe and well tolerated in this challenging group.
Crystal structure of N-(3-chlorophenyl)(propan-2-yloxy)carbothioamide, C10H12ClNOS
Authors: Yeo Chien Ing , Tiekink Edward R.T. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
C10H12ClNOS, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 13.2003(12) Å, b = 6.0448(6) Å, c = 13.9403(13) Å, β = 101.9180(10)°, V = 1088.36(18) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0291, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0807, T = 100(2) K.
Acute Effect of Foam Rolling and Dynamic Stretching on Flexibility and Jump Height
Authors: Smith Jason C. , Pridgeon Brooke , Hall MacGregor C. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Smith, JC, Pridgeon, B, and Hall, MC. Acute effect of foam rolling and dynamic stretching on flexibility and jump height. J Strength Cond Res 32(8): 2209–2215, 2018—Dynamic stretching (DS) can acutely improve vertical jump (VJ) performance but its effect lasts no more than 5 minutes. Foam rolling (FR), a form of self-myofascial release, can acutely increase range of motion (ROM) with this effect lasting less than 10 minutes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the time course of these effects, separately and combined, on VJ height and ROM. Twenty-nine university students completed 4 different sessions (control, FR, DS, and combo) in a randomized order. After a warm-up and baseline assessments of VJ height and sit-and-reach, participants rested (control) and performed FR, DS, and the combination of FR and DS (combo). Vertical jump height and ROM were assessed every 5 minutes for 20 minutes after treatment. Mean scores at each time point were expressed as a percent change from baseline scores. Immediately after FR, sit-and-reach was significantly greater than control (p = 0.003). Vertical jump height immediately after treatment for DS and combo was significantly greater than the control and FR counterparts (p ≤ 0.002). Vertical jump height for DS and combo was also significantly greater than the control counterpart at 5 minutes after treatment (p < 0.001). At 15 minutes after treatment, the percent change in VJ height for the combo was significantly greater than the control counterpart (p = 0.002). Although FR has no effect on VJ performance, it can acutely increase ROM, but its effect was quickly dissipated. Foam rolling does not seem to enhance VJ height either alone or in combination with DS.
Allometric Grip Strength Norms for American Children
Authors: Kocher Morgan H. , Oba Yukiya , Kimura Iris F. , Stickley Christopher D. , Morgan Charles F. , Hetzler Ronald K. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Kocher, MH, Oba, Y, Kimura, IF, Stickley, CD, Morgan, CF, and Hetzler, RK. Allometric grip strength norms for American children. J Strength Cond Res 33(8): 2251–2261, 2019—To develop normative data from a large cohort of American school children (ages 6–18) for unscaled and allometrically scaled handgrip strength data that are uninfluenced by body size (body mass [BM] and stature [Ht]). Data (age, handgrip strength, BM, and Ht) were collected from the 2011–2012 and 2013–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey databases, resulting in 4,665 cases (2,384 boys and 2,281 girls). Multiple log-linear regressions were used to determine allometric exponents for BM and Ht separately for each age and sex to satisfy the common exponent and group difference principles described by Vanderburgh. Appropriateness of the allometric model was assessed through regression diagnostics, including normality and homoscedasticity of residuals. Allometrically scaled, ratio-scaled, and unscaled grip strength were then correlated with BM and Ht to examine the effectiveness of the procedure in controlling for body size. The data did not allow for development of a common exponent across age and sex that did not violate the common exponent and group difference principles. Correlations between allometrically scaled handgrip strength with BM and Ht were not significant (p ≤ 0.479) and approached zero, unlike correlations of unscaled handgrip strength with BM and Ht (p < 0.001 for all), indicating that allometric scaling was successful in removing the influence of body size. Allometric scaling handgrip strength by age and sex effectively controls for body size (Ht and BM) and perhaps maturation (Ht). The allometric exponents and normative values developed can be used to compare handgrip strength within age and sex while controlling for body size.
Role of Arm Mechanics During Sprint Running: A Review of the Literature and Practical Applications
Authors: Macadam Paul , Cronin John B. , Uthoff Aaron M. , Johnston Michael , Knicker Axel J. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
THE IMPORTANCE OF ARM ACTION DURING SPRINT RUNNING HAS BEEN AN ONGOING DISCUSSION AMONG PRACTITIONERS. ALTHOUGH SOME COACHES BELIEVE THAT THE ARMS SERVE TO MERELY PROVIDE BALANCE TO THE ROTARY MOMENTUM OF THE LEGS, OTHERS BELIEVE THAT THE ARMS ARE VITAL TO SPRINT RUNNING PERFORMANCE AND CONTRIBUTE TO PROPULSIVE FORCES. ALTHOUGH A LARGE BODY OF RESEARCH HAS BEEN UNDERTAKEN INTO THE EFFECTS OF LEG KINEMATICS AND KINETICS ON SPRINT RUNNING PERFORMANCE, THE ROLE OF ARM ACTION REMAINS AMBIGUOUS AND UNDERINVESTIGATED. THEREFORE, THE PURPOSE OF THIS REVIEW IS TO IMPROVE UNDERSTANDING RELATED TO ARM MECHANICS DURING SPRINT RUNNING AND PROVIDE PRACTICAL CONTEXT GUIDELINES.
Olivocerebellar Climbing Fibers in the Granuloprival Cerebellum: Morphological Study of Individual Axonal Projections in the X-Irradiated Rat
Authors: Sugihara I. , Bailly Y. , Mariani J. 
Published: April 2018

Elimination of cerebellar granule cells early during postnatal development produces abnormal neural organization that retains immature characteristics in the adult, including innervation of each Purkinje cell by multiple climbing fibers from the inferior olive. To elucidate mechanisms underlying development of the olivocerebellar projection, we studied light-microscopic morphology of single olivocerebellar axons labeled with biotinylated dextran amine in adult rats rendered agranular by a single postnatal X-irradiation.Each reconstructed olivocerebellar axon gave off ∼12 climbing fibers, approximately twice as many as in normal rats. Terminal arborizations of climbing fibers made irregular tufts in most areas, whereas they were arranged vertically in a few mildly affected areas. Each climbing fiber terminal arborization innervated only part of the dendritic arbor of a Purkinje cell, and multiple climbing fibers innervated a single Purkinje cell. These climbing fibers originated either from the same olivocerebellar axon (pseudomultiple innervation) or from distinct axons (true multiple innervation). Abundant non-climbing fiber thin collaterals projected to all cortical layers. Although the longitudinal pattern of the zonal olivocerebellar projection was generally observed, lateral branching, including bilateral projections, was relatively frequent.These results suggest that the granule cell-parallel fiber system induces several important features of olivocerebellar projection: (1) organization of the climbing fiber terminal arborization tightly surrounding Purkinje cell dendrites, (2) elimination of pseudo- and true multiple innervations establishing one-to-one innervation, (3) retraction of non-climbing fiber thin collaterals from the molecular layer, and (4) probable refinement of the longitudinal projection domains by removing aberrant transverse branches.
On the Flexibility of Basic Risk Attitudes in Monkeys
Authors: Farashahi Shiva , Azab Habiba , Hayden Benjamin , Soltani Alireza 
Published: April 2018

Monkeys and other animals appear to share with humans two risk attitudes predicted by prospect theory: an inverse-S-shaped probability-weighting (PW) function and a steeper utility curve for losses than for gains. These findings suggest that such preferences are stable traits with common neural substrates. We hypothesized instead that animals tailor their preferences to subtle changes in task contexts, making risk attitudes flexible. Previous studies used a limited number of outcomes, trial types, and contexts. To gain a broader perspective, we examined two large datasets of male macaques' risky choices: one from a task with real (juice) gains and another from a token task with gains and losses. In contrast to previous findings, monkeys were risk seeking for both gains and losses (i.e., lacked a reflection effect) and showed steeper gain than loss curves (loss seeking). Utility curves for gains were substantially different in the two tasks. Monkeys showed nearly linear PWs in one task and S-shaped ones in the other; neither task produced a consistent inverse-S-shaped curve. To account for these observations, we developed and tested various computational models of the processes involved in the construction of reward value. We found that adaptive differential weighting of prospective gamble outcomes could partially account for the observed differences in the utility functions across the two experiments and thus provide a plausible mechanism underlying flexible risk attitudes. Together, our results support the idea that risky choices are constructed flexibly at the time of elicitation and place important constraints on neural models of economic choice.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe respond in reliable ways to risk, but are our risk preferences stable traits or ephemeral states? Using various computational models, we examined two large datasets of macaque risky choices in two different tasks. We observed several deviations from “classic” risk preferences seen in humans and monkeys: no reflection effect, loss seeking as opposed to loss aversion, and linear and S-shaped, as opposed to inverse-S-shaped, probability distortion. These results challenge the idea that our risk attitudes are evolved traits shared with the last common ancestor of macaques and humans, suggesting instead that behavioral flexibility is the hallmark of risky choice in primates. We show how this flexibility can emerge partly as a result of interactions between attentional and reward systems.
Evaluation of lipid profile and its relationship with blood pressure in patients with Cushing’s disease
Authors: Qin Lang , Zhu Xiaoming , Liu Xiaoxia , Zeng Meifang , Tao Ran , Zhuang Yan , Zhou Yiting , Zhang Zhaoyun , Yang Yehong , Li Yiming , Wang Yongfei , Ye Hongying 
Published: April 2018

Introduction
The purpose of the study was to describe lipid profile and explore pathogenetic role of LDL-c on hypertension in patients with Cushing’s disease (CD). Hypertension is a common feature in patients with CD. Previous study found low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) uptake in vascular cells might be involved in vascular remodeling in patients with CD. Therefore, we evaluated the relationship between lipid profile and the blood pressure in patients with CD.

Methods
This retrospective study included 84 patients referred to Huashan Hospital for the evaluation and diagnosis of CD from January 2012 to December 2013. All subjects had detailed clinical evaluation by the same group of endocrinology specialists to avoid subjective influences.

Results
We found that high LDL-c patients had significant higher body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), cholesterol (CHO), triglyceride (TG), and apolipoproteinB (apoB) (P < 0.05). An association was detected between SBP values and lipids profile including CHO, TG, LDL-c, apolipoproteinA (apoA), apoB and lipoprotein(a) (LP(a)). After adjustment for all covariates, the LDL-c remained positively associated with SBP. In patients with or without taking statins, patients with LDL-c ≥3.37 mmol/L had higher SBP than patients with LDL-c <3.37 mmol/L. Then, LDL-c was coded using restricted cubic splines (RCS) function with three knots located at the 5th, 50th and 95th percentiles of the distribution of LDL-c. Compared to individuals with 3.215 mmol/L of LDL-c, individuals with 4.0, 4.5 and 5.0 mmol/L of LDL-c had differences of 3.86, 8.53 and 14.11 mmHg in SBP, respectively.

Conclusions
An independent association between LDL-c and SBP was found in patients with CD. We speculate that LDL-c may be a pathogenic factor for hypertension in those patients.
Сезонні ритми розвитку Hyssopus officinalis за культивування в умовах Житомирського Полісся
Authors: Kotyuk L. A. , Shvaika O. V. 
Published: April 2018

<p>The duration of phenological phases of 1-7-yeats-old <em>Hyssopus</em><em> officinalis</em> and its seasonal rhythms depending on the abiotic conditions of growth are established. It has been proved that hyssop belongs to late species by the terms of regrowth, the spring phase of which begins with the establishment of stable heat in April-May. The hyssop is attributed to the summer flowering plants, the flowering is the longest phase, and mass flowering is registered in July-August. Hyssop is a spring-summer-autumn-green plants, which begin the vegetation in spring, and in autumn they stay under the snow in green. Climatic conditions during the years of research were marked by temperature and precipitation fluctuations that affected the duration of the growing season and individual phenophases. First year seedlings of H. officinalis had the period of intensive growth and development from sowing to a period of rest was 159 days, whereas in Zhytomyr Polissya the sum of active temperatures was 2610 °С and sum of effective temperatures – 1180 °С. For 2-7-year-old hyssops the period from the spring regeneration to the death of the blooming plants and the formation of seeds lasted an average for 144 days (from 133 days in 2010 to 147 days in 2014). The range of temperatures required for the entire period was insignificant: active - from 2548.2 °C (2011) to 2696.3 °C (2012); effective - from 1152 °C (2009) to 1402.2 °C (2010). Compared with other phenological phases during the blooming period, plants require considerably more heat. The water scarcity did not affect significant on the duration of H. officinalis season rhythms. It is shown that to complete the development cycle of H. officinalis from the total amount of active temperatures was spent on average: for germination of seeds and spring regrowth – 5.9%, for stem formation phase – 13.5%, budding – 22.11%, blooming – 29.5%, fruiting – 16.5%, seeds maturation and pedicels dying – 12.6%; effective temperatures, respectively - 5.2%, 11.9%, 22%, 32.6%, 17.7%, 10.5%. The climatic conditions of Ukrainian Polissya allow to obtain hyssop plant raw material during one growing season, that indicates the adaptation of the species to the new conditions of growth. </p>