bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid CFRP‐GFRP sheets for flexural strengthening of continuous RC beams: Experimentation and analytical modeling
Authors: Jafari Abouzar , Shahmansouri Amir Ali , Akbarzadeh Bengar Habib 
Published: November 2024

AbstractContinuous reinforced concrete (RC) beams cast in place are commonly used in construction; however, there is a notable gap in the literature regarding the performance of continuous RC beams strengthened with fiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets. Strengthening RC beams with FRP sheets typically leads to reduced ductility and moment redistribution capacity due to the linear stress–strain behavior of FRP materials compared to non‐strengthened RC beams. Addressing this gap, this study explores the feasibility of enhancing the mechanical properties and ductility of strengthened elements through a hybrid approach, combining carbon‐fiber‐reinforced polymer (CFRP) and glass‐fiber‐reinforced polymer (GFRP) sheets. An experimental program was conducted, retrofitting two continuous two‐span RC beams (250 × 150 × 6000 mm) with hybrid CFRP‐GFRP (HCG) sheets. Concentrated loads were applied at the center of each span, and comprehensive data on strains in FRP sheets, longitudinal reinforcements, and crack propagation patterns were recorded and meticulously analyzed. The outcomes demonstrated that employing HCG sheets for strengthening RC continuous beams significantly improves ductility, load‐carrying capacity, and moment redistribution, surpassing the performance of beams strengthened with either CFRP or GFRP sheets. To ensure accurate predictions of the flexural response, an analytical model was developed and rigorously verified using the experimental results. The model takes into account the strain compatibility condition and provides insights into the behavior of continuous RC beams strengthened with CFRP, GFRP, and HCG sheets. This research contributes valuable knowledge to the understanding of FRP sheet strengthening techniques, emphasizing the efficacy of HCG sheets for achieving enhanced structural performance in continuous RC beams.
Experimental analysis of the influence of concrete top slab thickness and longitudinal reinforcement on the shear strength of flat slab ribs
Authors: dos Santos Junior Paulo Sérgio Mota , de Oliveira Dênio Ramam Carvalho 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper reports a study on reinforced concrete waffle flat slabs under center loading. The study variables were concrete top slab thickness (CTST) and flexural reinforcement ratio. Twelve square slabs 1800 mm wide, 1800 mm long, and 150 mm thick were produced. The specimens were tested to failure to assess their behavior throughout load application and their failure mode. None of the slabs had shear reinforcement in the ribs. The experimental findings showed that both CTST and flexural reinforcement ratio increased the stiffness and the ultimate strength of the slabs. The most significant gains were found in the slabs with higher thickness values and higher reinforcement ratios. The results of the database showed that all codes had underestimated the ultimate strength of the slabs, as they presented rather conservative values. The modified normative equations were able to reduce the coefficient of variation of the database by at least 50%.
Infinite chains in the tree of numerical semigroups
Authors: Rosas-Ribeiro Mariana , Bras-Amorós Maria 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
One major problem in the study of numerical semigroups is determining the growth of the semigroup tree. We study infinite chains of numerical semigroups in the semigroup tree, firstly introduced by Bras-Amorós and Bulygin (Semigroup Forum, 79:561-574, 2009). Computational results show that these chains are rare, but without them the tree would not be infinite. It is proved that for each genus

$$g\ge 5$$

g
≥
5

there are more semigroups of that genus not belonging to infinite chains than semigroups belonging. Bras-Amorós and Bulygin (Semigroup Forum, 79:561-574, 2009) presented a characterization of the semigroups that belong to infinite chains in terms of the coprimality of the left elements of the semigroup as well as a result on the cardinality of the set of infinite chains to which a numerical semigroup belongs in terms of the primality of the greatest common divisor of these left elements. We revisit these results and fix an imprecision on the cardinality of the set of infinite chains to which a semigroup belongs in the case when the greatest common divisor of the left elements is a prime number. We then look at infinite chains in subtrees with fixed multiplicity. When the multiplicity is a prime number there is only one infinite chain in the tree of semigroups with such multiplicity. When the multiplicity is 4 or 6 we prove a self-replication behavior in the subtree and provide a formula for the number of semigroups in infinite chains of a given genus and multiplicity 4 and 6, respectively.
Monochromatic Infinite Sets in Minkowski Planes
Authors: Frankl Nóra , Gehér Panna , Sagdeev Arsenii , Tóth Géza 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe prove that for any $$\ell _p$$

ℓ
p

-norm in the plane with $$1< p< \infty $$

1
<
p
<
∞

and for every infinite $$\mathcal {M}\subset \mathbb {R}^2$$

M
⊂

R

2

, there exists a two-colouring of the plane such that no isometric copy of $$\mathcal {M}$$
M
is monochromatic. On the contrary, we show that for every polygonal norm (that is, the unit ball is a polygon) in the plane, there exists an infinite $$\mathcal {M}\subset \mathbb {R}^2$$

M
⊂

R

2

such that for every two-colouring of the plane there exists a monochromatic isometric copy of $$\mathcal {M}$$
M
.
Burden of post–acute COVID-19 sequelae in healthcare workers and its course over a 30-month period–results from a prospective multicentre cohort
Authors: Dörr Tamara , Strahm Carol , Güsewell Sabine , Ballouz Tala , Kocan Emina , Cusini Alexia , Goppel Stephan , Grässli Fabian , Möller J. Carsten , Puhan Milo A. , Risch Lorenz , Ruetti Markus , Schlegel Matthias , Stocker Reto , von Kietzell Matthias , Vuichard-Gysin Danielle , Kuster Stefan P. , Kahlert Christian R. , Kohler Philipp ,   for the SURPRISE (SURveillance of infectious diseases among health Professionals In SwitzErland) Study Group
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose
As healthcare workers (HCW) have been disproportionally affected by COVID-19, its post-acute sequelae (PASC) in HCW can impact healthcare systems. We assessed the burden and course of PASC in HCW over a 30-month period.

Methods
In a prospective multicentre HCW cohort in Switzerland, PASC surveys were conducted in 03/2021, 09/2021, 06/2022, 04/2023, and 10/2023. Stratified by viral variant at first infection, the prevalence of PASC symptoms, self-experienced PASC and the Post-COVID Functional Status (PCFS) were analysed cross-sectionally in 10/2023, self-perceived success of therapeutic measures used was assessed. The evolution of PASC symptoms and PCFS in Wild-type and non-Wild-type infected HCW compared to uninfected controls was analysed longitudinally across all surveys.

Results
In cross-sectional analysis, 1704 HCW (median age 47 years, 82.2% female) were included. Thereof, 30.7% reported ≥ 1 PASC symptom in 10/2023, with 115 (6.7%) stating to have or have had PASC. Both were most common after Wild-type infection compared to other variants. Overall, 17/115 (15%) indicated relevant/severe restrictions in their daily activities and of 85 (74%) that tried ≥ 1 measure against their symptoms, 69 (81%) reported having benefitted. Longitudinal analysis (n = 653) showed a significantly higher proportion of Wild-type infected HCW to report PASC symptoms compared to controls in 03/2021 (+ 21%, 95% CI 4–39), with decreasing trend (+ 7%, 95%CI -10–25 in 10/2023). This effect was not evident for non-Wild-type infected HCW.

Conclusions
Over a 30 month period, overall PASC burden in our HCW cohort decreased, although 1% still experience relevant restrictions in their daily life; Wild-type infected individuals show the highest disease burden.
Sex-dependent variability of isoniazid and rifampicin serum levels in patients with tuberculosis
Authors: Idris Raja , Dayani Alexander Z. , Groh Ana M. , Mohr André , Koepsell Julia , Zielbauer Ann-Sophie , Herrmann Eva , Vehreschild Maria J. G. T. , Wichelhaus Thomas A. , Wetzstein Nils 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Drug-sensitive TB (DS-TB) is treated with isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide. Factors like fast-metabolizing enzymes, malabsorption, and drug interactions can influence serum drug levels. Current TB treatment guidelines recommend weight-adapted dosing without considering sex differences. This study examines drug levels of isoniazid and rifampicin in TB patients treated between 2019 and 2023 at our center focusing on sex-specific aspects.

Methods
Patients diagnosed with TB and available serum levels of isoniazid or rifampicin between 2019 and 2023 were retrospectively identified. Serum levels were measured using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. Patients were stratified by sex and a linear regression mixed effect model was used to assess predictors for different serum levels.

Results
The study included 281 single therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) measurements from 59 patients (28 women, 47.5%). For isoniazid, no sex-specific differences in serum drug levels were identified. On the other hand, female sex was a significant predictor of higher rifampicin plasma levels (coefficient 4.16, 95% CI 0.74–7.59, p = 0.009). Only 38.2% of rifampicin serum level measurements in male patients were within target range, the majority (40/68, 58.8%) were below range and only 2 (2.9%) TDM-levels were above range. Women displayed higher overall rifampicin serum levels than men (median 13.7 mg/l vs. 7.1 mg/l, p = 0.04), although weight adjusted doses were not significantly different (median 10.0 mg/kg vs. 9.8 mg/kg p = 0.56). Adverse effects were noted in 42.9% (42/98) of measurements in women and 29.5% (54/183) of measurements in men (p = 0.03).

Discussion
Rifampicin levels were significantly lower in men compared to women, despite weight-adjusted dosing. Clinicians should consider TDM and potential sex differences when treating patients with TB.
Screening of municipal effluents with the peroxidase toxicity assay
Authors: Gagné Francois , André Chantale , Smyth Shirley-Ann 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe peroxidase (Per) reaction is a quick and inexpensive biosensor for the screening of environmental contaminants and wastewaters. The purpose of this study was to screen various municipal wastewaters before and after 7 different types of treatment processes using this sensor to identify potential sites under stress by urban pollution. The following wastewater samples before (influent) and after the commonly applied treatments (effluent) were tested using the Per activity test: advanced biofiltration, biofiltration, aerated lagoons, secondary aeration sludge, trickling filter, secondary membrane filtration, and primary. The influents and effluents were collected for 3 days and concentrated to 500 X on a reverse-phase (C18) extraction cartridge. The ethanol extracts were examined for dissolved organic carbon, plastic-like materials, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and polystyrene nanoplastics. The samples were then tested using the Per reaction alone and in the presence of DNA to detect DNA binding agents. The results show that population size tended to increase Per activity and 60% of the effluents decreased Per activity leading to H2O2 persistence and toxicity. More advanced treatments (biofiltration, membrane biofiltration, secondary aeration) produced stronger changes from the corresponding untreated influents corroborating their performance in reducing toxicity. The addition of DNA during the Per reaction revealed that population size had no influence and that 60% of treated effluents restored Per activity suggesting release of genotoxic compounds in the aquatic environment from treated wastewaters. The toxic implications of the continuous release of wastewaters in aquatic ecosystems are discussed in the light of emerging contaminants such as nanoplastics.
Shedding light on maternal mental health in LMICs: a cornerstone of maternal and child health care
Authors: Handa Alisha , Gaidhane Abhay , Choudhari Sonali 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMaternal and Child Health (MCH) programs have long been integral to global public health initiatives, aiming to safeguard the well-being of both mothers and their offspring. However, amidst the comprehensive approach to physical health, the mental well-being of mothers has often been overlooked, representing a critical gap in these programs. This paper examines the importance of addressing maternal mental health within the framework of MCH programs, highlighting its significance and the repercussions of its neglect. Despite its profound impact on maternal and child outcomes, issues such as postpartum depression, anxiety, and maternal stress are frequently disregarded in MCH interventions. This oversight not only undermines the holistic nature of maternal health but also perpetuates cycles of poor mental health within families and communities. Herewith, an effort was made to highlight the importance of maternal mental health and the need to focus and strengthen awareness about it through policy and programs.
Transport industry workforce risk and exposure to COVID-19 and other related respiratory pandemic diseases: A scoping review
Authors: Qureshi Mohammed Owais , Harris Patrick , Jegasothy Edward , Seale Holly , Chughtai Abrar , Quinlan Michael 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe need to maintain transport during a pandemic places transport workers at higher risk of infection and can have other effects on health and well-being. The aim of this study was to understand the current state of research on the impact of respiratory diseases on transport workers and to identify any existing evidence-based recommendations that can help mitigate the risks associated with these diseases in the transport industry. A scoping review was undertaken as per PRISMA guidelines. A search was conducted in English-language databases for peer-reviewed research articles. We reviewed research articles published over 20 years (2002–2022). We found 12540 articles, of which 39 deemed relevant, were analysed. The review highlighted the high risk of transport workers’ exposure to respiratory diseases during pandemics, exacerbated by structural inequalities including the significant number holding precarious/non-standard jobs. Increased financial strains led to poorer mental health outcomes and risks of detrimental behaviours for health. Economic measures implemented by governments were found to be insufficient in addressing these issues. The review found that transport is a significant transmission point for pandemics of respiratory diseases, and it suggests some remedies to best meet these challenges.
Leptin and leptin receptor gene polymorphisms and depression treatment response
Authors: Tavast Ida-Maria , Solismaa Anssi , Lyytikäinen Leo-Pekka , Mononen Nina , Moilanen Eeva , Hämäläinen Mari , Lehtimäki Terho , Kampman Olli 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective:
Associations between leptin (LEP) and leptin receptor (LEPR) gene polymorphisms and mood disorders have been found but not yet confirmed in multiple studies. The aim of our study was to study the associations between LEP and LEPR single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and treatment response of depression. Associations between leptin levels and depression severity were also investigated.

Methods:
The data included 242 depressed patients in secondary psychiatric care. Symptoms of depression were assessed with the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Previously found LEP and LEPR SNPs associated with depression and other mood disorders were studied. Furthermore, all available LEP and LEPR SNPs were clumped using proxy SNPs to represent gene areas in r2 > 0.2 linkage disequilibrium and their association with treatment response was analysed with logistic regression.

Results:
Two proxy SNPs of LEPR gene, rs12564738 and rs12029311, were associated with MADRS response at 6 weeks (p adjusted = 0.024, p adjusted = 0.024). SNPs from previous studies were not associated with MADRS response, but LEPR rs12145690 from a previous study was strongly associated with rs12564738 (r2 = 0.94). The positive association between leptin levels and MADRS score at baseline after adjusting with age, sex, body mass index (BMI), Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test score, and smoking was found (p = 0.011).

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that LEPR polymorphisms are associated with depression treatment response. We also found associations between leptin levels and depression independently of BMI. Further studies and meta-analyses are needed to confirm the significance of found SNPs and the role of leptin in depression.
Revisiting the mysterious origin of FRB 20121102A with machine-learning classification
Authors: Lin Leah Ya Ling , Hashimoto Tetsuya , Goto Tomotsugu , Raquel Bjorn Jasper , Ho Simon C.-C. , Chen Bo-Han , Kim Seong Jin , Ling Chih-Teng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are millisecond-duration radio waves from the Universe. Even though more than 50 physical models have been proposed, the origin and physical mechanism of FRB emissions are still unknown. The classification of FRBs is one of the primary approaches to understanding their mechanisms, but previous studies classified conventionally using only a few observational parameters, such as fluence and duration, which might be incomplete. To overcome this problem, we use an unsupervised machine-learning model, the Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection to handle seven parameters simultaneously, including amplitude, linear temporal drift, time duration, central frequency, bandwidth, scaled energy, and fluence. We test the method for homogeneous 977 sub-bursts of FRB 20121102A detected by the Arecibo telescope. Our machine-learning analysis identified five distinct clusters, suggesting the possible existence of multiple different physical mechanisms responsible for the observed FRBs from the FRB 20121102A source. The geometry of the emission region and the propagation effect of FRB signals could also make such distinct clusters. This research will be a benchmark for future FRB classifications when dedicated radio telescopes such as the square kilometer array or Bustling Universe Radio Survey Telescope in Taiwan discover more FRBs than before.
A systematic review of observational studies on the association between diet quality patterns and visceral adipose tissue
Authors: Thimm Annalena , Maskarinec Gertraud , Guillermo Cherie , Nimptsch Katharina , Pischon Tobias 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBeyond obesity, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) has emerged as an important predictor of chronic disease, but the role of diet quality patterns (DQP) in VAT development is not well defined. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of how various DQP are associated with VAT via literature searches in PubMed and EMBASE. We included observational investigations in disease-free adults/adolescents that related DQP to VAT assessed by imaging methods. The studies were evaluated separately for a priori and a posteriori DQP and according to design differences. Study quality was assessed using the Risk of Bias in Non-randomised Studies of Interventions tool. Of the 1807 screened articles, thirty-five studies met the inclusion criteria. The majority of a priori indices, for example, the Healthy Eating Index, showed significant inverse associations with VAT, while only a small proportion of a posteriori patterns were related to VAT. Results did not differ substantially by the method of exposure and outcome assessment or between studies with (n 20) or without (n 15) body-size adjustment, but significant findings were more common in younger v. older individuals, USA v. other populations and investigations with moderate v. serious risk of bias. The heterogeneity of the existing literature limited the ability to quantify the magnitude of the associations across studies. These findings suggest that a high-quality diet, as assessed by a priori DQP, is generally inversely associated with VAT, but results for a posteriori DQP are less consistent. As associations persisted after adjusting for body size, diet quality may beneficially influence VAT beyond its association with obesity.
An Epidemic of Nervous Breakdowns and Crisis Suicides in Britain’s War of Nerves, 1938–1940
Authors: Gottlieb Julie V. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
As contemporaries noted, the long months from the Munich Crisis (autumn 1938) through to the end of the Phoney War (spring 1940) felt like a ‘war of nerves’. The battlefields were physical and material as much as psychological and imagined. Turning to sources that reveal visceral experience, we can explore the internal and internalized history of the international crisis. First, I listen to writers, politicians, academics, anthropological researchers, psychiatrists, and advertisers as one after the other they projected this overwhelming nervous disorder onto bodies and onto the body politic. In his largely forgotten Journal under the terror, 1938 (1939), the Bloomsburyite, prolific man of letters, and literary scholar F. L. Lucas emerges as a perspicacious narrator of the war of nerves, and he was both witness and victim of a world he described as filled with ‘nervous breakdowns’. Second, I exhume the casualties of this war of nerves, a group of people who exercised their bodily autonomy and self-determination to free themselves from the world in crisis. Based on a dataset of 185 cases, the ‘crisis suicides’ – ‘committed daily by people terrorised at the thought of a war’ – constituted an apparent epidemic. Together these bodies of evidence of bodily experience make a case for reframing and renaming the period, and identifying the first battle of Britain’s ‘People’s War’.
Suitability of invasive gobies as paratenic hosts for acanthocephalans of the genus Pomphorhynchus sp.
Authors: Nachev Milen , Hohenadler Michael , Bröckers Nicklas , Grabner Daniel , Sures Bernd 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Ponto-Caspian gobies became highly abundant in many regions outside their native distribution range (e.g. in the Rhine River system). In the newly invaded habitats, the parasite communities of the invasive gobies are characterized by a lower species richness compared to their native range. Interestingly, acanthocephalans of the genus Pomphorhynchus are highly abundant, although they do not become mature and mostly remain encapsulated in the abdominal cavity as preadults. Thus, gobiids could either represent a dead-end host for Pomphorhynchus sp. declining its population (dilution effect) or act as a paratenic host that could increase the infection pressure if the infected gobies are preyed upon by appropriate definitive hosts (spill back). To determine which of the 2 scenarios the gobiids contribute to, we conducted 2 infection experiments using smaller and larger individuals of the definitive host chub (Squalius cephalus), infected with preadults of Pomphorhynchus sp. collected from the abdominal cavity of Neogobius melanostomus. The results showed that preadults were able to complete their development and mature in the definitive host with mean recovery rates of 17.9% in smaller and 27.0% in larger chubs. Successful infections were observed in 62.0% and 80.0% of the smaller and larger chubs, respectively. Our study demonstrated that gobies can theoretically serve as a paratenic host for acanthocephalans of the genus Pomphorhynchus, and that infection might spill back into the local fish community if infected gobies are preyed upon by suitable definitive hosts of Pomphorhynchus sp. such as large barbel or chub.