bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adolescent males’ responses to blu’s fake warnings
Authors: Keller-Hamilton Brittney , Roberts Megan E , Slater Michael D , Berman Micah , Ferketich Amy K 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveBlu’s ‘Something Better’ advertising campaign ran in popular print magazines in 2017. The campaign included advertisements with fake warnings conveying positive messages, which mimicked the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)’s warning requirements for electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) advertisements that took effect in 2018. We report adolescent males’ recall of these fake warnings and how exposure to fake warnings affected recall of other advertisement components, including the actual warning or health risks, brand and product.MethodsOhio males ages 12–19 years (N = 775; 73.8 % white non-Hispanic) were randomly assigned to view an e-cigarette advertisement with or without a fake warning. Afterward, they were asked what they remembered most about the advertisement. Responses were qualitatively coded. Statistical analyses included survey-weighted descriptive statistics and logistic regression.ResultsOf participants who viewed an e-cigarette advertisement with a fake warning, 27.0 % reported the fake warning was what they remembered most, and 18.8 % repeated the fake warning message. Participants viewing advertisements with a fake warning had lower odds of recalling the actual warning or health risks (OR = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.11 to 0.77) or brand (OR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.22 to 0.85), compared with participants viewing other e-cigarette advertisements.ConclusionsAdolescents viewing an advertisement with a fake warning were less likely to recall the advertisement’s actual warning or health risks. Although e-cigarette advertisements now carry large FDA-mandated warnings, this tactic could be used for cigarette advertisements that continue to carry small warnings in the USA. Findings underscore the necessity of tobacco advertisement surveillance and study of advertisements’ effects on adolescents.
Can trauma surgeons keep up? A prospective cohort study comparing outcomes between patients with traumatic brain injury cared for in a trauma versus neuroscience intensive care unit
Authors: Roberts Derek J , Leonard Samuel D , Stein Deborah M , Williams George W , Wade Charles E , Cotton Bryan A 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundAlthough many patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) are admitted to trauma intensive care units (ICUs), some question whether outcomes would improve if their care was provided in neurocritical care units. We sought to compare characteristics and outcomes of patients with TBI admitted to and cared for in a trauma versus neuroscience ICU.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study of adult (≥18 years of age) blunt trauma patients with TBI admitted to a trauma versus neuroscience ICU between May 2015 and December 2016. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate an adjusted odds ratio (OR) comparing 30-day mortality between cohorts.ResultsIn total, 548 patients were included in the study, including 207 (38%) who were admitted to the trauma ICU and 341 (62%) to the neuroscience ICU. When compared with neuroscience ICU admissions, patients admitted to the trauma ICU were more likely to have sustained their injuries from a high-speed mechanism (71% vs. 34%) and had a higher Injury Severity Score (ISS) (median 25 vs. 16) despite a similar head Abbreviated Injury Scale score (3 vs. 3, p=0.47) (all p<0.05). Trauma ICU patients also had a lower initial Glasgow Coma Scale score (5 vs. 15) and systolic blood pressure (128 mm Hg vs. 136 mm Hg) and were more likely to have fixed or unequal pupils at admission (13% vs. 8%) (all p<0.05). After adjusting for age, ISS, a high-speed mechanism of injury, fixed or unequal pupils at admission, and field intubation, the odds of 30-day mortality was 70% lower among patients admitted to the trauma versus neuroscience ICU (adjusted OR=0.30, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.82).ConclusionsDespite a higher injury burden and worse neurological examination and hemodynamics at presentation, patients admitted to the trauma ICU had a lower adjusted 30-day mortality. This finding may relate to improved care of associated injuries in trauma versus neuroscience ICUs.Level of evidenceProspective comparative study, level II.
Nationwide cohort study of independent risk factors for acute respiratory distress syndrome after trauma
Authors: Tignanelli Christopher J , Hemmila Mark R , Rogers Mary A M , Raghavendran Krishnan 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundThe primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of specific direct and indirect factors that accounted, in trauma patients, for the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and mortality in patients with ARDS.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of patients from the National Trauma Data Bank. Multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression was used with the development of ARDS as the primary and mortality in patients with ARDS as the secondary outcome measures. We compared trauma patients with versus without thoracic (direct) and extrathoracic (indirect) risk factors, using patient demographics, physiologic, and anatomic injury severity as covariates. Subset analysis was performed for patients with trauma-induced lung contusion (TILC) and for patients with minor (Injury Severity Score [ISS] ≤15) injury.ResultsA total of 2 998 964 patients were studied, of whom 28 597 developed ARDS. From 2011 to 2014, the incidence of ARDS decreased; however, mortality in patients with ARDS has increased. Predictors of ARDS included direct thoracic injury (TILC, multiple rib fractures, and flail chest), as well as indirect factors (increased age, male gender, higher ISS, lower Glasgow Coma Scale motor component score, history of cardiopulmonary or hematologic disease, and history of alcoholism or obesity). Patients with ARDS secondary to direct thoracic injury had a lower risk of mortality compared with patients with ARDS due to other mechanisms.DiscussionDespite the decreasing incidence of trauma-induced ARDS, mortality in patients with ARDS has increased. Direct thoracic injury was the strongest predictor of ARDS. Knowing specific contributors to trauma-induced ARDS could help identify at-risk patients early in their hospitalization and mitigate the progression to ARDS and thereby mortality.Level of evidencePrognostic study, level III.
Anaplastic meningioma in a Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii)
Authors: Elbert Jessica , Peck Sarah , Hayes Dane , Taylor Jim , Smith Jodi 
Published: February 2019

A seven‐year‐old male captive Tasmanian devil was euthanased after presenting with hindlimb ataxia and generalised muscle wasting. On necropsy, an irregular, cream‐coloured, firm, 1 cm mass was detected on the dorsal surface of the left olfactory bulb. The mass was composed of pleomorphic neoplastic cells arranged in nests and lobules with occasional pseudorosette formation, and evinced invasion of underlying neural parenchyma. By immunohistochemistry, neoplastic cells were strongly positive for vimentin and cytokeratin AE1/AE3, variably positive for S‐100 and neuron‐specific enolase, and negative for calretinin, chromogranin A, synaptophysin, glial fibrillar acidic protein and neurofilament protein. Periodic acid‐Schiff and Grimelius stains were also negative. Based on histopathological and immunohistochemical findings, the neoplasm was classified as an anaplastic meningioma.
Transcription Factor EB Activation Rescues Advanced αB‐Crystallin Mutation‐Induced Cardiomyopathy by Normalizing Desmin Localization
Authors: Ma Xiucui , Mani Kartik , Liu Haiyan , Kovacs Attila , Murphy John T. , Foroughi Layla , French Brent A. , Weinheimer Carla J. , Kraja Aldi , Benjamin Ivor J. , Hill Joseph A. , Javaheri Ali , Diwan Abhinav 
Published: February 2019

Background

Mutations in αB‐crystallin result in proteotoxic cardiomyopathy with desmin mislocalization to protein aggregates. Intermittent fasting (
IF
) is a novel approach to activate transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of the autophagy‐lysosomal pathway, in the myocardium. We tested whether
TFEB
activation can be harnessed to treat advanced proteotoxic cardiomyopathy.

Methods and Results

Mice overexpressing the R120G mutant of αB‐crystallin in cardiomyocytes (
Myh6
‐Cry
ABR
120G) were subjected to
IF
or ad‐lib feeding, or transduced with adeno‐associated virus–
TFEB
or adeno‐associated virus—green fluorescent protein after development of advanced proteotoxic cardiomyopathy. Adeno‐associated virus–short hairpin RNA–mediated knockdown of
TFEB
and
HSPB
8 was performed simultaneously with
IF
.
Myh6
‐Cry
ABR
120G mice demonstrated impaired autophagic flux, reduced lysosome abundance, and mammalian target of rapamycin activation in the myocardium.
IF
resulted in mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition and nuclear translocation of
TFEB
with restored lysosome abundance and autophagic flux; and reduced aggregates with normalized desmin localization.
IF
also attenuated left ventricular dilation and myocardial hypertrophy, increased percentage fractional shortening, and increased survival. Adeno‐associated virus–
TFEB
transduction was sufficient to rescue cardiomyopathic manifestations, and resulted in reduced aggregates and normalized desmin localization in
Myh6
‐Cry
ABR
120G mice. Cry
ABR
120G‐expressing hearts demonstrated increased interaction of desmin with αB‐crystallin and reduced interaction with chaperone protein,
HSPB
8, compared with wild type, which was reversed by both
IF
and
TFEB
transduction.
TFEB
stimulated autophagic flux to remove protein aggregates and transcriptionally upregulated
HSPB
8, to restore normal desmin localization in Cry
ABR
120G‐expressing cardiomyocytes. Short hairpin RNA–mediated knockdown of
TFEB
and
HSPB
8 abrogated
IF
effects, in vivo.

Conclusions

IF and
TFEB
activation are clinically relevant therapeutic strategies to rescue advanced R120G αB‐crystallin mutant‐induced cardiomyopathy by normalizing desmin localization via autophagy‐dependent and autophagy‐independent mechanisms.
Cognitive Decline in Older Patients With Non‐ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Gu Sophie Z. , Beska Benjamin , Chan Danny , Neely Dermot , Batty Jonathan A. , Adams‐Hall Jennifer , Mossop Helen , Qiu Weiliang , Kunadian Vijay 
Published: February 2019

Background
Dementia is a growing health burden of an aging population. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of cognitive impairment and the predictors of cognitive decline at 1 year in older patients with non‐ST–elevation acute coronary syndrome undergoing invasive care.

Methods and Results

Older patients with non‐ST–elevation acute coronary syndrome were recruited into the ICON1 study. Cognition was evaluated using Montreal Cognitive Assessment. The composite major adverse cardiovascular events comprised death, myocardial infarction, unplanned revascularization, stroke, and significant bleeding at 1 year. Of 298 patients, 271 had cognitive assessment at baseline, and 211 (78%) had follow‐up Montreal Cognitive Assessment at 1 year. Mean age was 80.5±4.8 years. There was a high prevalence (n=130, 48.0%) of undiagnosed cognitive impairment (Montreal Cognitive Assessment score <26) at baseline. Cognitive impairment patients were more likely to reach major adverse cardiovascular events by Kaplan–Meier analysis (
P
=0.047). Seventy‐four patients (35.1%) experienced cognitive decline (Montreal Cognitive Assessment score drop by ≥2 points) at 1 year. Recurrent myocardial infarction was independently associated with cognitive decline at 1 year (odds ratio 3.19, 95% confidence interval 1.18–8.63,
P
=0.02) after adjustment for age and sex.

Conclusions
In older patients undergoing invasive management of non‐ST–elevation acute coronary syndrome, there is a high prevalence of undiagnosed cognitive impairment at baseline. Recurrent myocardial infarction is independently associated with cognitive decline at 1 year.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01933581.
Outcasts among Undesirables: Palestinian Refugees in Brazil between Humanitarianism and Nationalism
Authors: Schiocchet Leonardo 
Published: February 2019

The plan for the resettlement of 117 Palestinian refugees from Iraq in Brazil in 2007 involved the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), the Brazilian government, and so-called civil society, including international nongovernmental organizations. These refugees had already developed a reputation in the Rwayshed refugee camp for being “undesirable” in comparison with other local refugees and unfit for refuge elsewhere. Examination of the principles of integration and tutelage in the light of this double rejection places in perspective the supposed apolitical character of humanitarianism and shows how mythical-ideological notions of Brazilianness helped to reinforce and reproduce stereotypes associated with Palestinians. El plan para el reasentamiento de 117 refugiados palestinos de Irak en Brasil involucró al Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados, el gobierno brasileño y la llamada sociedad civil, incluidas las organizaciones internacionales no gubernamentales. Estos refugiados ya habían adquirido una reputación en el campo de refugiados de Rwayshed por ser “indeseables” en comparación con otros refugiados locales y no aptos para refugiarse en otros lugares. El examen de los principios de integración y tutela a la luz de este doble rechazo pone en perspectiva el supuesto carácter apolítico del humanitarismo y muestra cómo las nociones mítico-ideológicas de lo brasileño ayudaron a reforzar y reproducir los estereotipos asociados con los palestinos.
Health effects of direct triaging to physiotherapists in primary care for patients with musculoskeletal disorders: a pragmatic randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bornhöft Lena , Larsson Maria EH , Nordeman Lena , Eggertsen Robert , Thorn Jörgen 
Published: February 2019

Background: Physiotherapists and general practitioners (GPs) both act as primary assessors for patients with musculoskeletal disorders in primary care. Previous studies have shown that initial triaging to physiotherapists at primary healthcare centres has advantages regarding efficiency in the work environment and utilization of healthcare. In this study, we aimed primarily to determine whether triaging to physiotherapists affects the progression of health aspects over time differently than traditional management with initial GP assessment. The secondary aim was to determine whether triaging to physiotherapists affects patients’ attitudes of responsibility for musculoskeletal disorders. Methods: This was a pragmatic trial where both recruitment and treatment strategies were determined by clinical, not study-related parameters, and was initiated at three primary care centres in Sweden. Working-age patients of both sexes seeking primary care for musculoskeletal disorders and nurse assessed as suitable for triaging to physiotherapists were randomized to initial consultations with either physiotherapists or GPs. They received self-assessment questionnaires before the initial consultation and were followed up at 2, 12, 26 and 52 weeks with the same questionnaires. Outcome measures were current and mean (3 months) pain intensities, functional disability, risk for developing chronic musculoskeletal pain, health-related quality of life and attitudes of responsibility for musculoskeletal conditions. Trends over time were analysed with a regression model for repeated measurements. Results: The physiotherapist-triaged group showed significant improvement for health-related quality of life at 26 weeks and showed consistent but nonsignificant tendencies to greater reductions of current pain, mean pain in the latest 3 months, functional disability and risk for developing chronic pain compared with traditional management. The triage model did not consistently affect patients’ attitudes of responsibility for musculoskeletal disorders. Conclusions: Triaging to physiotherapists for primary assessment in primary care leads to at least as positive health effects as primary assessment by GPs and can be recommended as an alternative management pathway for patients with musculoskeletal disorders. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT148611.
Propofol sedation without endotracheal intubation is safe for endoscopic submucosal dissection in the esophagus and stomach
Authors: van de Ven SEM , Leliveld L , Klimek M , Hilkemeijer TRH , Bruno MJ , Koch AD 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundEndoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early esophageal and stomach cancer is usually performed under general anesthesia. However, propofol sedation without endotracheal intubation has been suggested as a viable alternative.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of propofol sedation without endotracheal intubation during ESD in the upper gastrointestinal tract.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent ESD for upper gastrointestinal tumors with propofol‐remifentanil analgosedation in a tertiary referral center in the Netherlands between October 2013 and February 2018. Primary endpoints were the rates of intraprocedural endoscopy‐ and anesthesia‐related complications. Secondary endpoints were the postprocedural complication rates within 30 days and endotracheal intubation conversion rates.ResultsOf 88 patients, intraprocedural ESD‐related complications occurred in three patients (3.4%). Intraprocedural anesthesia‐related complications occurred in two patients (2.3%), one of whom required conversion to endotracheal intubation. Postprocedural ESD‐related complications occurred in 14 patients (15.9%), and minor postprocedural complications occurred in two patients (2.3%). Eighty‐two (93.2%) patients were discharged within one day after ESD. No patient was readmitted for anesthesia‐related complications.ConclusionPropofol‐based sedation without endotracheal intubation is safe for ESD procedures in the esophagus and stomach with low anesthesia‐related complication rates and short hospital stay.
Dynamics of Individual Income Rank Volatility: Evidence from West Germany and the US
Authors: Chauvel Louis , Hartung Anne , Palmisano Flaviana 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a methodology for comparing income rank volatility profiles over time and across distributions. While most of the existing measures are affected by changes in marginal distributions, this paper proposes a framework based on individuals’ relative positions in the distribution that is neutral to structural changes that occur in that distribution. Applying this approach to West Germany and the US over three decades, we show that while poorer individuals in both countries are the most volatile in all periods investigated, the long-term trends of volatility at the different points of the distribution in each of these countries differ.
An empirical study on the New Keynesian wage Phillips curve: Japan and the US
Authors: Muto Ichiro , Shintani Kohei 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
We compare aggregate wage dynamics in Japan and the US from 1970 to 2013 from the perspective of the New Keynesian wage Phillips curve (NKWPC), derived by [Galí, Jordi. 2011a. “The Return of the Wage Phillips Curve.” Journal of the European Economic Association 9 (3): 436–461.]. We consider time variations in NKWPC’s parameters and make comparisons with micro-based evidence. Our main findings are three-fold. First, although Japan’s NKWPC has flattened over time, the slope of the NKWPC is much steeper in Japan than in the US. This suggests that nominal wage changes are less frequent in the US than in Japan. Second, inflation indexation, more prevalent in Japan in earlier periods, has recently become more important in the US although its role has declined over time in both countries. Third, our macro-level empirical results on the NKWPC are generally in line with micro-based evidence in each country, which suggests that the NKWPC provides a reasonable platform for modeling aggregate wage dynamics.
Agency costs and the monetary transmission mechanism
Authors: Reiter Michael , Sveen Tommy , Weinke Lutz 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Once New Keynesian (NK) theory is combined with a standard model of lumpy investment, the resulting framework loses its ability to generate a realistic monetary transmission mechanism. This is the puzzle uncovered in Reiter, Sveen, and Weinke [Reiter, M., T. Sveen, and L. Weinke. 2013. “Lumpy Investment and the Monetary Transmission Mechanism.” Journal of Monetary Economics 60: 821–834.]. The simple economic reason behind it is the unrealistically large interest rate elasticity of investment, as implied by the standard theory of lumpy investment. In order to address this puzzle we develop a NK model featuring fully flexible investment combined with a financial friction. This model is used to isolate the quantitative importance of the financial friction for the monetary transmission mechanism.
Flipping the class – University chemistry students’ experiences from a new teaching and learning approach
Authors: Broman Karolina , Johnels Dan 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
University chemistry courses have for a long time had a similar conventional approach to teaching, with chemistry professors lecturing in a traditional manner. Today, flipped learning approaches have found their ways into higher education with positive results. In particular, US innovations in this area have made positive impressions on Swedish university chemistry educators, resulting in an interest and curiosity in integrating a flipped model into the course curricula. The rationale behind flipped learning is to incorporate an active learning approach into lecture, thereby increasing both student engagement and learning outcomes. In this paper, an implementation project where an organic chemistry course has changed focus from traditional teaching to flipped learning, will be presented. The focus in this mixed-methods study will be on students’ cognitive and affective responses when meeting a new teaching and learning approach. Through following a project where a conventional approach to an organic chemistry course is changed into a more student-active focus, we elaborate on implications for course development of chemistry curricula.
Modeling Phase Behavior of Semi-Clathrate Hydrates of CO2, CH4, and N2 in Aqueous Solution of Tetra-n-butyl Ammonium Fluoride
Authors: Mesbah Mohammad , Abouali Galledari Sanaz , Soroush Ebrahim , Momeni Masumeh 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Semi-clathrate hydrates are members of the class of clathrate compounds. In comparison with clathrate hydrates, where the networks are formed only by H2O molecules, the networks of semi-clathrate hydrates are formed by mixtures of H2O and quaternary ammonium salts (QASs). The addition of QASs to the solution enables to improve the formation of semi-clathrate hydrates at much milder conditions comparing to clathrate hydrates. In this work, we study the phase equilibria of semi-clathrate hydrates of CH4, CO2, and N2 gas in an aqueous solution of tetra-n-butyl ammonium fluoride (TBAF). An extension of the Chen–Guo model is proposed as a thermodynamic model. The Peng–Robinson equation of state (PREOS) was applied to calculate the fugacity of the gas phase and in order to determine the water activity in the presence of TBAF, a correlation between the system temperature, the TBAF mass fraction, and the nature of the guest molecules has been used. These equations were solved simultaneously and through optimizing tuning parameters via the Nelder–Mead simplex algorithm. The results are compared to experimental data and good agreement is observed.