bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bayesian subtyping for multi-state brain functional connectome with application on preadolescent brain cognition
Authors: Chen Tianqi , Zhao Hongyu , Tan Chichun , Constable Todd , Yip Sarah , Zhao Yize 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Converging evidence indicates that the heterogeneity of cognitive profiles may arise through detectable alternations in brain functional connectivity. Despite an unprecedented opportunity to uncover neurobiological subtypes through clustering or subtyping analyses on multi-state functional connectivity, few existing approaches are applicable to accommodate the network topology and unique biological architecture. To address this issue, we propose an innovative Bayesian nonparametric network-variate clustering analysis to uncover subgroups of individuals with homogeneous brain functional network patterns under multiple cognitive states. In light of the existing neuroscience literature, we assume there are unknown state-specific modular structures within functional connectivity. Concurrently, we identify informative network features essential for defining subtypes. To further facilitate practical use, we develop a computationally efficient variational inference algorithm to approximate posterior inference with satisfactory estimation accuracy. Extensive simulations show the superiority of our method. We apply the method to the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, and identify neurodevelopmental subtypes and brain sub-network phenotypes under each state to signal neurobiological heterogeneity, suggesting promising directions for further exploration and investigation in neuroscience.
Predicting success with reduced dosing frequency of tralokinumab in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis
Authors: Weidinger Stephan , Bewley Anthony , Hong H Chih-ho , Silvestre Juan Francisco , Peris Ketty , Wollenberg Andreas , Ivens Ulla , Soehoel Anders , Steffensen Louise Abildgaard , Tindberg Ann-Marie , Simpson Eric L 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Approved tralokinumab maintenance dosing regimens for treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) include 300 mg every 2 weeks (Q2W) and every 4 weeks (Q4W). Clinicians may consider tralokinumab Q4W for patients whose skin has become clear or almost clear at week 16 with initial Q2W dosing.

Objectives
To identify predictive factors associated with maintained response after switching to tralokinumab Q4W, evaluate recapture of treatment response after relapse on Q4W, and assess treatment-emergent immunogenicity with tralokinumab Q4W.

Methods
These post hoc analyses utilized machine learning to identify predictive factors for maintained treatment response at week 52 using data from the week 16 responder population of the phase III ECZTRA 1 and 2 trials, i.e. patients who met Investigator’s Global Assessment of clear/almost clear skin (IGA 0/1) and/or ≥ 75% improvement in Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI 75) at week 16 with tralokinumab Q2W monotherapy. Top-ranked factors were then assessed individually and together to identify factors associated with a similar maintained efficacy at week 52 between patients rerandomized to tralokinumab Q2W or Q4W monotherapy at week 16. Additionally, the probability of recapturing IGA 0/1 and/or EASI 75 response after relapse was assessed in patients on tralokinumab Q4W transferred to the open-label arm.

Results
The two top-ranked predictive factors for maintained response at week 52 were IGA score at week 16 (76.1%) and worst daily pruritus numeric rating scale (NRS) &lt; 3 at week 16 (56.5%). Patients whose AD reached stable clinical response scores of both IGA 0/1 and worst daily pruritus NRS &lt; 3 from weeks 12–16 with tralokinumab Q2W similarly maintained IGA 0/1 response at week 52 regardless of dosing regimen beyond week 16 (72.0% of patients on Q2W and 72.2% of those on Q4W). Of patients who relapsed on Q4W, 94.6% recaptured treatment response after returning to Q2W dosing. The immunogenicity potential of tralokinumab was low, and patients with positive antidrug antibodies did not show loss of efficacy or higher incidences of adverse events.

Conclusions
These data suggest that Q4W is an effective dosing regimen for most patients who achieved stable disease control as shown by clear/almost clear skin and no itch to mild itch over 4 consecutive weeks on the initial regimen of tralokinumab Q2W.
A preoperative nomogram with MR elastography in identifying cytokeratin 19 status of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Gu Yanan , Jin Kaipu , Gao Shanshan , Sun Wei , Yin Minyan , Han Jing , Zhang Yunfei , Wang Xiaolin , Zeng Mengsu , Sheng Ruofan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Developing a nomogram integrating MR elastography (MRE)-based tumour stiffness and contrast-enhanced MRI in identifying cytokeratin 19 (CK19) status of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) preoperatively.

Methods
One hundred twenty CK19-negative HCC and 39 CK19-positive HCC patients undergoing curative resection were prospectively evaluated. All received MRE and contrast-enhanced MRI. Clinical and MRI tumour features were compared. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses identified independent predictors for CK19 status. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis evaluated diagnostic performance. A nomogram was established with calibration and decision curve analysis.

Results
Multivariate analysis revealed serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) level (P &lt; 0.001), targetoid appearance (P = 0.007), and tumour stiffness (P = 0.011) as independent significant variables for CK19-positive HCC. The area under the curve for tumour stiffness was 0.729 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.653, 0.796). Combining these features, a nomogram-based model achieved an area under the curve value of 0.844 (95% CI 0.778, 0.897), with sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 76.92%, 85.00%, and 83.02%, respectively. Calibration and decision curve analyses demonstrated good agreement and optimal net benefit.

Conclusions
MRE-measured tumour stiffness aids in predicting CK19 status in HCC. The combined nomogram incorporating tumour stiffness, targetoid appearance, and AFP provides a reliable biomarker for CK19-positive HCC.

Advances in knowledge
MRE-measured tumour stiffness can be used to predict CK19 status in HCC. The nomogram, which integrates tumour stiffness, targetoid appearance, and AFP levels, has shown improved diagnostic performance. It offers a comprehensive preoperative tool for clinical decision-making, further advancing personalized treatment strategies in HCC management.
Days at home after surgery as a perioperative outcome: scoping review and recommendations for use in health services research
Authors: Ribeiro Tiago , Malhotra Armaan K , Bondzi-Simpson Adom , Eskander Antoine , Ahmadi Negar , Wright Frances C , McIsaac Daniel I , Mahar Alyson , Jerath Angela , Coburn Natalie , Hallet Julie 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Days at home after surgery is a promising new patient-centred outcome metric that measures time spent outside of healthcare institutions and mortality. The aim of this scoping review was to synthesize the use of days at home in perioperative research and evaluate how it has been termed, defined, and validated, with a view to inform future use.

Methods
The search was run on MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus on 30 March 2023 to capture all perioperative research where days at home or equivalent was measured. Days at home was defined as any outcome where time spent outside of hospitals and/or healthcare institutions was calculated.

Results
A total of 78 articles were included. Days at home has been increasingly used, with most studies published in 2022 (35, 45%). Days at home has been applied in multiple study design types, with varying terminology applied. There is variability in how days at home has been defined, with variation in measures of healthcare utilization incorporated across studies. Poor reporting was noted, with 14 studies (18%) not defining how days at home was operationalized and 18 studies (23%) not reporting how death was handled. Construct and criterion validity were demonstrated across seven validation studies in different surgical populations.

Conclusion
Days at home after surgery is a robust, flexible, and validated outcome measure that is being increasingly used as a patient-centred metric after surgery. With growing use, there is also growing variability in terms used, definitions applied, and reporting standards. This review summarizes these findings to work towards coordinating and standardizing the use of days at home after surgery as a patient-centred policy and research tool.
FACS-based detection of extracellular ASC specks from NLRP3 inflammasomes in inflammatory diseases
Authors: Topping Joanne , Lara-Reyna Samuel , Ibbotson Alice , Jarosz-Griffiths Heledd , Chang Leon , Poulter James , Peckham Daniel , McDermott Michael F , Savic Sinisa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) is crucial for inflammasome assembly and activation of several inflammasomes, including NLRP3. ASC aggregates are detected in human sera post pyroptotic cell death, but their inflammasome origin remains unclear.

Method
This study aimed to develop a method to detect ASC aggregates originating from NLRP3 inflammasomes. Initially, human monocytes, macrophages, and THP-1 ASC reporter cells were employed to validate the detection of ASC/NLRP3-positive events through flow cytometry.

Results
The presence of ASC/NLRP3 specks was confirmed in cell supernatants from monocytes and macrophages treated with LPS and nigericin or ATP. Flow cytometry analysis identified double-positive specks in patient sera from inflammatory conditions when compared with healthy controls. Elevated ASC/NLRP3 specks were observed in conditions such as cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome and Schnitzler’s syndrome.

Conclusion
We validated fluorescence-activated cell sorting as a reliable method for detecting ASC/NLRP3 specks in human sera, with potential diagnostic and monitoring applications in certain systemic autoinflammatory diseases.
Neural dynamics of attentional resource allocation in early visual cortex: emotional scenes produce competitive interactions
Authors: de Echegaray Javier , Keil Andreas , Müller Matthias M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Salient emotional visual cues receive prioritized processing in human visual cortex. To what extent emotional facilitation relies on preattentional stimulus processing preceding semantic analysis remains controversial. Making use of steady-state visual evoke potentials frequency-tagged to meaningful complex emotional scenes and their scrambled versions, presented in a 4-Hz rapid serial visual presentation fashion, the current study tested temporal dynamics of semantic and emotional cue processing. The neural dynamics of bottom-up capture of attention driven by concrete images were analyzed under a passive-viewing-like scenario and in a competitive context, where a concurrent foreground task realized with a random dot kinematogram flickering at 15 Hz enabled the concurrent monitoring of top-down selective attention. Aligned with the semantic primacy hypothesis, the steady-state visual evoke potentials’ results provide evidence of an initial rapid capture of attention driven by objecthood, followed by heightened deployment of attentional resources to emotional scenes that remained stable for the entire stimulation period. We replicated previous findings in which emotional distractors first prompt visuocortical facilitation, followed by suppression of a concurrent foreground task. Modeling this time-delayed competition process fit the data better than a time-invariant trade-off between concurrent cues as assumed by most models of selective attention.
The influence of a deep learning tool on the performance of oral and maxillofacial radiologists in the detection of apical radiolucencies
Authors: Hamdan Manal H , Uribe Sergio E , Tuzova Lyudmila , Tuzoff Dmitry , Badr Zaid , Mol André , Tyndall Donald A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to assess the impact of a deep learning model on oral radiologists’ ability to detect periapical radiolucencies on periapical radiographs. The secondary objective was to conduct a regression analysis to evaluate the effects of years of experience, time to diagnose, and specialty.

Methods
This study used an annotated dataset and a beta version of a deep learning model (Denti.AI). The testing subset comprised 68 intraoral periapical radiographs confirmed with cone-beam computed tomography for the presence/absence of apical radiolucencies. Four oral radiologists participated in a cross-over reading scenario, analysing the radiographs under 2 conditions: initially without AI assistance and later with AI predictions. The study evaluated reader performance using Alternative Free-Response Receiver Operating Characteristic - Area Under the Curve (AFROC-AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and Receiver Operating Characteristic-Area Under the Curve (ROC-AUC) per case. It also assessed sensitivity per lesion. Regression analysis investigated how experience, time spent on images, and specialty influenced reader performance.

Results
No statistically significant differences were found in AFROC-AUC, sensitivity, specificity, and ROC-AUC. Regression analysis identified factors influencing diagnostic outcomes: unaided reading significantly prolonged diagnostic time (β = 12, 95% CI, 11-13, P &lt; 0.001), while radiologists’ professional status was positively associated with diagnostic accuracy (β = 0.02, 95% CI, 0.00-0.04, P = 0.015). These findings underscore the impact of AI on diagnostic efficiency and the critical role of radiologists’ experience in diagnostic accuracy.

Conclusion
AI did not significantly enhance radiologists’ overall diagnostic accuracy. However, it showed potential to enhance efficiency, particularly advantageous for non-expert clinicians. The expertise of radiologists remains vital for accuracy, underscoring the complementary role of AI in dental diagnostics.
The haplotype-phased genome assembly facilitated the deciphering of the bud dormancy-related QTLs in Prunus mume
Authors: Hsiang Tzu-Fan , Yamane Hisayo , Lin Yuan-Jui , Sugimori Miku , Nishiyama Soichiro , Nagasaka Kyoka , Nakano Ryohei , Tao Ryutaro 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Bud dormancy is a vital physiological process in woody perennials, facilitating their adaptation to seasonal environmental changes. Satisfying genotype-specific chilling requirements (CR) and heat requirements (HR) through exposure to specific chilling and warm temperatures is essential for dormancy release and the subsequent resumption of growth. The genetic mechanisms regulating bud dormancy traits in Prunus mume remain unclear. In this study, we first assembled the genome of ‘Nanko’, the leading P. mume cultivar in Japan, in a haplotype-resolved manner. Using an F1 segregating population from a cross between ‘Nanko’ (high-chill) and ‘SC’ (low-chill), a cultivar adapted to subtropical conditions, we identified quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for vegetative bud dormancy traits on chromosome 4 (LG4 QTLs) in the ‘Nanko’ genome and for CR and HR on chromosome 7 (LG7 QTL) in the ‘SC’ genome. A notable 5.6 Mb chromosome inversion was overlapped with LG4 QTL interval in one of the ‘Nanko’ haplotypes. We also identified candidate genes based on haplotyping, differential expression between the parents or the presence of trait-correlated variants in coding regions. Notably, genes such as PmuMAIN, PmuNAC2, PmuDOG1, PmuSUI1, PmuATG8CL, PmubZIP44, and PmuSAUR50 were identified. This study provides valuable insights into the genetic regulation of vegetative bud dormancy in Prunus species.
Modifiable Psychological Factors are Associated With Clusters of Pain, Fatigue, Fecal Incontinence, and Irritable Bowel Syndrome-Type Symptoms in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Latent Profile Analysis
Authors: Wileman Vari , Chilcot Joseph , Norton Christine , Hart Ailsa , Miller Laura , Stagg Imogen , Seaton Natasha , Pollok Richard , Aziz Qasim , Moss-Morris Rona 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) causes fatigue, pain, and fecal urgency/incontinence symptoms. Identifying symptom profile subgroups and related psychological correlates might enable earlier intervention and more effective tailored treatment pathways.

Methods
This study was nested within a randomized controlled trial of a digital symptom intervention for people with IBD (n = 780). Latent profile analysis was conducted on pre-randomization baseline measures of fatigue, pain, and fecal incontinence. Multinominal logistic regression examined associations between profile membership and clinical, demographic and psychological factors.

Results
Latent profile analysis determined a three-profile model: Moderate (50%), High (40%), and Severe symptoms (10%). Diagnosis and fecal calprotectin were not associated with profile membership, but female gender, comorbidity, time since diagnosis, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)-type symptoms were associated with High and Severe symptoms profiles. Depression, anxiety, negative symptom perceptions, all-or-nothing and avoidance behaviors significantly increased the relative risk of High and Severe symptoms profile membership.

Conclusions
Many participants experienced symptoms even when deemed to be in clinical remission. After controlling for clinical, inflammatory, and demographic factors, the relative risk of High or Severe symptom profile membership was associated with potentially modifiable cognitive behavioral factors. These factors were also associated with IBS-type symptoms. Recognizing the potential impact of cognitive behavioral factors in exacerbating symptoms can lead to earlier identification of patients who require support and allows treatment plans to be tailored more precisely. The findings from this study promote a more integrated approach to IBD management, combining medical treatment with cognitive behavioral interventions to enhance patient care and improve outcomes.
Australian parents’ attitudes, perceptions and supply of alcohol to adolescents: a national cross-sectional survey
Authors: Bowden Jacqueline A , Bartram Ashlea , Harrison Nathan J , Norris Christina A , Kim Susan , Pettigrew Simone , Olver Ian , Jenkinson Rebecca , Bowshall Marina , Miller Caroline , Room Robin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Parental supply of alcohol to adolescents is associated with increased risk of subsequent adolescent alcohol use and harms, so identifying factors associated with parents’ decision-making is critical. This study examined how parental supply is associated with attitudes toward adolescent alcohol use, perceived norms of parental supply, perceived behavioural control and perceived acceptable age to drink alcohol. A total of 1197 Australian parents with children aged 12–17 years completed an online cross-sectional survey assessing their parental supply behaviours, attitudes and perceptions in April 2022. Logistic regression was used to explore associations between attitudes, perceptions and parental supply of alcohol to their child. Forty-three percent of respondents nominated an acceptable age to drink a full drink of alcohol below 18 years, and 23% reported supplying a full drink of alcohol to their adolescent. Parents were more likely to report supplying a full drink of alcohol if they nominated an acceptable drinking age below 18 years (&lt;16: adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 14.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 8.23–26.42; 16–17: AOR = 5.68, 95% CI = 3.69–8.73), appraised alcohol as more beneficial (AOR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.02–1.69) and less harmful (AOR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.36–0.68) for adolescents, and perceived that parent friends (AOR = 2.91, 95% CI = 1.80–4.70) and other parents (AOR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.37–3.62) supplied alcohol in unsupervised contexts. Perceived behavioural control was not associated with parental supply. These findings suggest there may be value in trialling interventions that target parents’ perceptions about the acceptable age to drink a full drink of alcohol, attitudes toward adolescent alcohol consumption, and perceived norms of parental supply to influence parents’ supply intentions.
UK aid is failing: suggestions for an impactful, coherent and globally aware development practice
Authors: Lazell Melita , Petrikova Ivica 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper proposes a new five-dimensional agenda for UK international development policy, offering an alternative to the current approach. The agenda is based on a critical evaluation of UK development policy since 1997 and incorporates insights from the ‘post-aid’ discourse. Key recommendations include: Recognition of complexity: The UK must acknowledge the complex and contested nature of global development and the inherent limits of development policies and aid interventions. Re-evaluation of private-sector aid instruments: A temporary pause in the use of private-sector mechanisms as a channel for overseas development assistance is advised, given concerns about their effectiveness in driving sustainable outcomes. Consolidation of aid priorities: The UK should streamline its efforts, focusing on areas that demonstrate clear contributions to long-term sustainability and positive development outcomes. Adoption of partnership models: A shift towards peer-to-peer learning and equal partnerships with global South countries is recommended, to foster equitable and respectful relationships. Mitigation of negative impacts and improvement of policy coherence: The UK must address the unintended negative consequences of its development interventions and ensure coherence in policy-making across all government departments to enhance development outcomes. This agenda is informed by extensive research, including thematic analysis of policy documents, semi-structured interviews with civil servants and development experts, and a detailed evaluation of 186 UK-funded projects over a 23-year period. The proposed framework seeks to build more respectful and equal partnerships with governments and communities in the global South, enhancing support for vulnerable populations and reducing poverty. This approach is also expected to restore the diminished soft power benefits of UK aid.