bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continuous‐Flow Suzuki‐Miyaura and Mizoroki‐Heck Reactions under Microwave Heating Conditions
Authors: Monguchi Yasunari , Ichikawa Tomohiro , Yamada Tsuyoshi , Sawama Yoshinari , Sajiki Hironao 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMicrowave‐assisted continuous‐flow reactions have attracted significant interest from synthetic organic chemists, especially process chemists from practical points of view, due to a less complicated shift to large‐scale synthesis based on simple and continuous access to products with low energy requirements. In this personal account, we focused on the Suzuki‐Miyaura and Mizoroki‐Heck reactions, both of which are significantly important cross‐coupling reactions for the synthesis of various functional materials. Microwave power is effective for heating. Typical homogeneous palladium catalysts, such as PdCl2(PPh3)2, Pd(PPh3)4, and Pd(OAc)2, as well as heterogeneous palladium catalysts, such as Pd‐film, Pd/Al2O3, Pd/SiO2, and Pd supported on polymers, can be used for these reactions.
Analysis of alternative cleavage and polyadenylation in mature and differentiating neurons using RNA‐seq data
Authors: Guvenek Aysegul , Tian Bin 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundMost eukaryotic protein‐coding genes exhibit alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA), resulting in mRNA isoforms with different 3′ untranslated regions (3′ UTRs). Studies have shown that brain cells tend to express long 3′ UTR isoforms using distal cleavage and polyadenylation sites (PASs).MethodsUsing our recently developed, comprehensive PAS database PolyA_DB, we developed an efficient method to examine APA, named Significance Analysis of Alternative Polyadenylation using RNA‐seq (SAAP‐RS). We applied this method to study APA in brain cells and neurogenesis.ResultsWe found that neurons globally express longer 3′ UTRs than other cell types in brain, and microglia and endothelial cells express substantially shorter 3′ UTRs. We show that the 3′ UTR diversity across brain cells can be corroborated with single cell sequencing data. Further analysis of APA regulation of 3′ UTRs during differentiation of embryonic stem cells into neurons indicates that a large fraction of the APA events regulated in neurogenesis are similarly modulated in myogenesis, but to a much greater extent.ConclusionTogether, our data delineate APA profiles in different brain cells and indicate that APA regulation in neurogenesis is largely an augmented process taking place in other types of cell differentiation.
The Cognitive Ageing, Nutrition and Neurogenesis (CANN) trial: Design and progress
Authors: Irvine Michael A. , Scholey Andrew , King Rebecca , Gillings Rachel , Vauzour David , Demichele Stephen J. , Das Tapas , Wesnes Keith A. , Sutton Brad P. , Cassidy Aedin , Pipingas Andrew , Potter John F. , Johnson Glyn , White David , Larsen Ryan , Cohen Neal J. , Minihane Anne‐Marie 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe Cognitive Ageing, Nutrition and Neurogenesis trial hypothesizes that a combined intervention with long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3) and cocoa flavan‐3‐ols (FLAV) will mitigate the cognitive decline anticipated to naturally occur over 1 year in older adults.MethodsIn a double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled parallel design, 259 individuals with mild cognitive impairment or subjective memory impairment were randomized to a control or n‐3 FLAV group (1.5 g docosahexaenoic acid + eicosapentaenoic acid and 500 mg n‐3 FLAV daily) for 12 months. Cognition was measured at 0, 3, and 12 months. The primary end‐point is hippocampus‐sensitive cognitive function (e.g., number of false‐positives on the Picture Recognition Task of the Cognitive Drug Research test battery). Secondary outcomes include additional cognitive measures, brain atrophy and blood flow (assessed by magnetic resonance imaging), vascular function, circulating biomarkers of cardiovascular and cognitive health, gut microflora, red blood cell fatty acid status, and urine flavan‐3‐ol metabolites.ResultsScreening began in 2015, with all baseline visits completed in March 2017. The intervention was finished in March 2018.DiscussionCognitive Ageing, Nutrition and Neurogenesis aims to identify an effective diet‐based intervention to prevent or delay cognitive impairment in cognitively at‐risk individuals, which could ultimately contribute to a reduced population burden of dementia.Clinicaltrials.govNCT02525198.
La citoyenneté corporative entre libéralisme et démocratie : les individus ou leur communauté?
Authors: Adanhounme Armel Brice 
Published: September 2018

RésuméCet article analyse les pratiques de citoyenneté corporative (CC) par lesquelles les corporations multinationales, qui ont envahi la sphère publique, imposent de nouvelles normes et obligent les collectifs à se retirer des espaces démocratiques. Pour vérifier si ce nouveau rapport à la loi favorise l’émergence d’un régime de citoyenneté au travail pour tous, la présente recherche en étudie les configurations portées par une multinationale saluée comme un modèle dans une usine au Canada et une mine au Ghana. Les résultats, qui révèlent une autonomie fragile dans un cas et une hétéronomie dans l’autre, posent la question de l’effectivité de la CC écartelée entre libéralisme économique et démocratie industrielle. L’article conclut que, sous sa posture néolibérale, la CC est loin de concilier l’aspiration individuelle des travailleurs à l’égalité dans leur différence et leur tendance collective à l’homogénéité, les deux principes qui articulent libéralisme et démocratie et que ne résout pas l’opposition entre l’individualisme libéral et l’action collective, notamment syndicale, dans l’entreprise flexible à l’ère de la mondialisation de l’économie.
Odd-symplectic forms via surgery and minimality in symplectic dynamics
Authors: GEIGES HANSJÖRG , ZEHMISCH KAI 
Published: September 2018

We construct an infinite family of odd-symplectic forms (also known as Hamiltonian structures) on the$3$-sphere$S^{3}$that do not admit a symplectic cobordism to the standard contact structure on $S^{3}$. This answers in the negative a question raised by Joel Fish motivated by the search for minimal characteristic flows.
THE ḤAWĀKĪR OF NAZARETH: THE HISTORY AND CONTEMPORARY FACE OF A CULTURAL ECOLOGICAL INSTITUTION
Authors: Mazzawi Nisreen , Sa'ar Amalia 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis article documents the ḥawākīr of Nazareth. Once widespread in the city, these traditional domestic gardens were integral to households of all economic backgrounds. They served as a space for work and socializing, constituted a center of collective (extended family) life, and provided a wide diversity of crops. However, in recent decades ḥawākīr have disappeared rapidly as new houses were built overtop them and residents’ tastes changed. Today people prefer gardens with green lawns and flowers. Intended strictly for recreation and ornament, this new kind of garden acts as a marker of privacy and economic success. We use ethnographic data to provide detailed descriptions of historical and contemporary examples of the traditional garden. The analysis dwells on the resonances between changing practices around and meanings of ḥawākīr and the changing character of the urban landscape, on the value of ḥawākīr as sites of attachment and identity, and on the potential of their revival to generate urban sustainability.
GOVERNING THROUGH TIMESCAPE: ISRAELI SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE POLICY AND THE PALESTINIAN-ARAB CITIZENS
Authors: Gutkowski Natalia 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSocial scientists commonly know that time is a social construct and a tool for governing by those holding power. Yet,howexactly is time used for governing? This article examines how timescape (embodiment of approaches to time) works in practice as a tool of power by considering multiple networks of time that manifest in al-Batuf/Beit Netofa Valley planning policy. This valley's agriculture, mostly owned by Palestinian-Arab citizens of Israel, is considered by ecologists and officials a unique traditional agriculture landscape and wetland habitat that has become scarce in Israel due to its development and wetland drainage. Assembling separate modes of anthropological inquiry that attend to time as a technique, I show that knowledge, ethics, and time management are not separate spheres of governance but rather interwoven as one timescape tool of governing. Thus, the case of al-Batuf/Beit Netofa elucidates the ways in which time is used for governing in the context of an agricultural-environmental development policy and plan.
Discipline and Nurture: Living in a girls’ madrasa, living in community
Authors: SANYAL USHA , FARAH SUMBUL 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis article presents an ethnography of a contemporary residential madrasa for teenage Muslim girls in a North Indian town undertaken by a team of two researchers. We focused on different aspects of the overall study, with Sanyal conducting participant observation within the madrasa and Farah interviewing a select number of graduates and former students in their home environments. The result is a comprehensive picture of the madrasa's transformative role in the socio-religious lives of its students, which highlights the importance of the connections between the madrasa and the home.Of significance are the religious and denominational orientation of the madrasa—Barelwi Sunni Muslim—as well as the working-class status of the girls and their parents’ low level of education. With limited resources, the madrasa inculcates in the students, and by extension their neighbourhoods and wider communities, a new awareness of religious duties and mutual obligations, and gives its students confidence and a voice within both their families and communities. The long-term potential impact of madrasas such as this one appears to be significant in contemporary North India.
Should I've stayed or should I've gone? What residents of continuing care retirement communities and former candidates think and feel one year after their decision: a quantitative longitudinal comparison
Authors: Green Ohad , Gum Amber M. , Greene Jennifer , Ayalon Liat , Chiriboga David , Brown Lisa M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare satisfaction with residence, wellbeing and physical health of continuing care retirement community (CCRC) residents with people who considered enrolling in the same CCRCs but elected not to move. A total of 101 participants were recruited from 13 CCRCs located in multiple cities in the United States of America. A phone interview was conducted with participants three months or less from enrolment and one year later. Compared with those who chose not to move, CCRC residents reported lower satisfaction at baseline, but higher satisfaction at one year. Wellbeing declined from baseline to follow-up for both groups, but was higher in CCRC residents both at baseline and at one year. CCRCs might consider giving new residents a longer cancellation period in order to allow sufficient time for the adjustment process. This, in turn, might both prevent an early departure and affect the decision of potential CCRC residents to move into the community.
Effects of reminiscing about nostalgic smells on the physiological and psychological responses of older people in long-term care facilities
Authors: Fu Sin Rou , Lee Mei Fen , Ou Sheng Jung 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis study adopted mixed-methods research to explore the effects of reminiscing about nostalgic smells on the physiological and psychological responses of older people in long-term care facilities. A total of 60 participants were randomly divided into two groups and each participant was either interviewed regarding their reminiscence about nostalgic smells (experimental group) or were engaged in daily conversation (control group). The results indicated that anxiety and depression symptoms were more effectively relieved in the experimental group than in the control group. Moreover, most of the nostalgic smells recalled by the experimental group were associated with naturally occurring smells. Regarding heart rate variability, the normalised low-frequency of the experimental group decreased significantly. The results verified the utility of using reminiscence about olfactory memories in reminiscence therapy as this can calm anxiety and lessen depression, which can be very important for older adults living in long-term care facilities.
Risk determinants for the development of typical haemolytic uremic syndrome in Belgium and proposition of a new virulence typing algorithm for Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli
Authors: De Rauw K. , Buyl R. , Jacquinet S. , Piérard D. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
In Belgium, it is mandatory to report Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infections to the health inspection authorities. To facilitate the decision making regarding infection control measures, information about the risk factors for the development of the haemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) can be helpful. We performed statistical analyses on a dataset of 411 Belgian STEC strains. Demographic and clinical patient characteristics as well as phenotypical and genotypical STEC strain characteristics were taken into account. Multivariate logistic regression models indicated that age categories ⩽5, 6–12 and ⩾75; the stx2 gene; and the eae gene were significant HUS development risk determinants. The stx2a subtype had the highest risk (OR 29.6, 95% CI 7.0–125.1), while all stx1 subtypes encompassed a significant lower risk (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1–0.5). Presence of the stx1 gene without stx2 encompassed a lower risk than the combined presence of stx1 and stx2, or stx2 solely. Based on these results, we propose a new virulence typing algorithm that will enable the National Reference Centre to provide the physicians and health inspection authorities with a risk classification for the development of HUS. We believe this will contribute to a more efficient STEC infection control management in Belgium.
The Non-issue of Coinage: The Monetary Policies of the Post-Bahmani Sultanates
Authors: SOHONI PUSHKAR 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn the medieval world of Islamic kingdoms, the Friday sermon in the name of the reigning sultan (khutba) and the striking of coins (sikka) have been thought of as universal declarations of sovereignty. Yet, the sultanates of the Deccan that succeeded the Bahmani kingdom did not strike their own coins for almost a century after they had declared sovereign status. Therefore, two important issues are present here. First, the axiom of sovereign status for Islamic monarchs does have exceptions. Second, the circumstances surrounding the non-issue of coin, by these kingdoms, needs explanation. Similarly, the reasons why they all start to mint their own coins in the last quarter of the sixteenth century is also addressed. Mughal monetary policy is an essential element in this history.
On the Statistical Distribution of Total Water in Cirrus Clouds
Authors: Kärcher B. , Thornberry T. , Krämer M. , Jensen E. J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDistributions of total water in cirrus provide important information on cloud‐scale variability. Observations of water variables in cirrus are sparse, limiting our ability to constrain factors controlling their evolution and lifetimes. We present and analyze aircraft measurements of tropical and extratropical cirrus total water statistics. We show that observed distributions are replicated by a parametric model that only requires knowledge of in‐cloud temperatures. We parameterize the temporal decay of cloud ice content and distribution skewness forced by ice crystal sedimentation and find that ice water content decays at a much faster rate than skewness in the absence of cloud ice and skewness sources. The sensitivity of skewness to changes in ice water content is small. Our methodology and findings may prove useful for studies addressing statistical cloud schemes and cirrus life cycles.
Reduced expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1, but not free fatty acid receptor 2 or 4 in subcutaneous adipose tissue of patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Bódis Kálmán , Kahl Sabine , Simon Marie-Christine , Zhou Zhou , Sell Henrike , Knebel Birgit , Tura Andrea , Strassburger Klaus , Burkart Volker , Müssig Karsten , Markgraf Daniel , Al-Hasani Hadi , Szendroedi Julia , Roden Michael ,   for the GDS Study Group, Buyken A. E. , Belgardt B. , Geerling G. , Al-Hasani H. , Herder C. , Icks A. , Kotzka J. , Kuss O. , Lammert E. , Markgraf D. , Müssig K. , Rathmann W. , Szendroedi J. , Ziegler D. , Roden M. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Background
In subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), higher stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) expression has been related to improved insulin sensitivity in thiazolidinedione-treated type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. In animal models, deficiency of the free fatty acid receptor (FFAR) 2 associated with higher and FFAR4-deficiency with lower insulin sensitivity. We hypothesized that increased FFAR2 expression and reductions in FFAR4 and SCD1 expression in SAT of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients associate positively with insulin resistance and impaired beta cell function.

Methods
Twenty-five type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and 25 glucose-tolerant humans (CON) matched for sex, age, and BMI underwent mixed-meal tests to assess insulin sensitivity (OGIS) and beta cell function (ΔAUC(C-peptide)0–180 min/ΔAUC(glucose)0–180 min) in a cross-sectional study. Gene and protein expression of SCD1 and FFAR2/4 were quantified in SAT biopsies.

Results
Insulin sensitivity was 14% and beta cell function 71% (both p < 0.001) lower in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. In type 2 diabetes mellitus, SCD1 mRNA was fivefold (p < 0.001) and protein expression twofold (p < 0.01) lower. While FFAR2/4 mRNA and protein expression did not differ between groups, FFAR2 protein levels correlated negatively with beta cell function only in CON (r = −0.74, p < 0.01). However, neither SCD1 nor FFAR2/4 protein expression correlated with insulin sensitivity in both groups.

Conclusions
Type 2 diabetes patients have lower SCD1, which does not associate with insulin resistance. Only in non-diabetic humans, FFAR2 associated with impaired beta cell function.
Structures of Mycobacterium smegmatis 70S ribosomes in complex with HPF, tmRNA, and P-tRNA
Authors: Mishra Satabdi , Ahmed Tofayel , Tyagi Anu , Shi Jian , Bhushan Shashi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRibosomes are the dynamic protein synthesis machineries of the cell. They may exist in different functional states in the cell. Therefore, it is essential to have structural information on these different functional states of ribosomes to understand their mechanism of action. Here, we present single particle cryo-EM reconstructions of the Mycobacterium smegmatis 70S ribosomes in the hibernating state (with HPF), trans-translating state (with tmRNA), and the P/P state (with P-tRNA) resolved to 4.1, 12.5, and 3.4 Å, respectively. A comparison of the P/P state with the hibernating state provides possible functional insights about the Mycobacteria-specific helix H54a rRNA segment. Interestingly, densities for all the four OB domains of bS1 protein is visible in the hibernating 70S ribosome displaying the molecular details of bS1-70S interactions. Our structural data shows a Mycobacteria-specific H54a-bS1 interaction which seems to prevent subunit dissociation and degradation during hibernation without the formation of 100S dimer. This indicates a new role of bS1 protein in 70S protection during hibernation in Mycobacteria in addition to its conserved function during translation initiation.
Construction of controlled-NOT gate based on microwave-activated phase (MAP) gate in two transmon system
Authors: Noh Taewan , Park Gwanyeol , Lee Soon-Gul , Song Woon , Chong Yonuk 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe experimentally constructed an all-microwave scheme for the controlled-NOT (cNOT) gate between two superconducting transmon qubits in a three dimensional cavity. Our cNOT gate is based on the microwave-activated phase (MAP) gate, which requires an additional procedure to compensate the accumulated phases during the operation of the MAP gate. We applied Z-axis phase gates using microwave hyperbolic secant pulse on both qubits with adequate rotation angles systematically calibrated by separate measurements. We evaluated the gate performance of the constructed cNOT gate by performing two-qubit quantum process tomography (QPT). Finally, we present the experimental implementation of the Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm using the cNOT gate.
Transmission characteristics of all-dielectric guided-mode resonance filter in the THz region
Authors: Bark Hyeon Sang , Kim Geun Ju , Jeon Tae-In 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this study we report the first on the terahertz (THz) transmission characteristics of a guided-mode resonance (GMR) filter made of all-dielectric material. Two strong transverse electric (TE) resonance modes, TE0,1 and TE1,1, and one strong transverse magnetic (TM) resonance mode, TM0,1, were detected. The measured resonances can be explained by diffraction from the grating surface of the GMR filter, and by guiding along the inside of the filter (slab waveguide). Because two identical GMR filters were employed to overcome limited grating numbers, the measured Q-factors of the TM0,1, TE1,1, and TM0,1 modes were as high as 62.9, 71.0, and 74.4 respectively. Also, we obtained polarization efficiencies of up to 96.9, 96.3, and 92.9% for the TM0,1, TM1,1, and TM0,1 modes, respectively, when the GMR filter was rotated to 90°. By increasing the incident THz beam angle, one TE resonance can be divided into two TE resonances, and the resonant frequency can be adjusted like a THz tunable resonance filter. Furthermore, when the GMR filters were inserted between Teflon plates, only the TM1,1 mode was perfectly removed. The designed GMR filter has a high Q-factor, tunable filter, good polarizer, and good modulator characteristics. These experimental results were in good agreement with simulation results.
The voltage-dependence of MscL has dipolar and dielectric contributions and is governed by local intramembrane electric field
Authors: Najem Joseph S. , Rowe Ian , Anishkin Andriy , Leo Donald J. , Sukharev Sergei 
Published: September 2018

AbstractChannels without canonical voltage sensors can be modulated by voltage acting on other domains. Here we show that besides protein dipoles, pore hydration can be affected by electric fields. In patches, both WT MscL and its V23T mutant show a decrease in the tension midpoint with hyperpolarization. The mutant exhibits a stronger parabolic dependence of transition energy on voltage, highly consistent with the favourable dielectric contribution from water filling the expanding pore. Purified V23T MscL in DPhPC droplet interface bilayers shows a similar voltage dependence. When reconstituted in an asymmetric DOPhPC/DPhPC bilayer carrying a permanent bias of ~130 mV due to a dipole potential difference between the interfaces, the channel behaved as if the local intramembrane electric field sets the tension threshold for gating rather than just the externally applied voltage. The data emphasize the roles of polarized water in the pore and interfacial lipid dipoles in channel gating thermodynamics.