bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Clinical Variables and VKORC1 Polymorphism in Efficacy and Stability of Acenocoumarol in Neurological Patients
Authors: Kumar Surendra , Dubey Ashish Kant , Kalita Jayantee , Misra Usha Kant 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTObjective: To analyze the clinical importance of VKORC1 polymorphism and its correlation with stability of oral anticoagulation. Patients and Methods: In a hospital-based study, the patients on oral anticoagulant (OAC) were included during 2013–2016. The patients received OAC for cardioembolic stroke, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST), and prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Demographic, clinical, and neurological findings were recorded. Stability of anticoagulation was determined by percentage of time international normalized ratio (INR) values were in therapeutic range. Time in therapeutic range (TTR) >65% was defined as stable and <65% was defined unstable. VKORC 1 polymorphism was studied by polymerase chain reaction and correlated with daily dose of OAC and stability of INR. Results: A total of 157 patients with a median age of 40 years were included in the study. Ninety-two patients received OAC for secondary stroke prevention, 62 for CVST, and 3 for DVT. Out of 2976 INR reports, 1458 (49%) were in the therapeutic range, 997 (33.1%) were below the therapeutic range, and 521 (17.5%) were above the therapeutic level. Stable INR was obtained in 75 (47.77%) patients which was improved by drug modification in 3 and dietary adjustment in 12 patients. VKORC1 polymorphism revealed GG genotype in 127 (80.9%), GA genotype in 22 (14%), and AA genotype in 8 (5.1%) patients. Therapeutic range of INR was seen in 49%, below therapeutic range was seen in 31.5%, and above in 17.5%. Conclusion: VKORC1 polymorphism was related to mean daily dose of OAC but not to the stability of INR.
Caregiver Burden among Caregivers of Mentally Ill Individuals and Their Coping Mechanisms
Authors: Walke Sujata Chodankar , Chandrasekaran Varalakshmi , Mayya Shreemathi S. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
Background: During a given year, almost 30% of the people around the world are affected by mentally ill health. In India, it accounts for about 20%. Caregivers face a lot of strain, ill health, and disrupted family life, with literature suggesting an increasing concern about their ability to cope up. The needs of caregivers of the mentally ill are given low priority in the current health-care setting in India. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the burden of caregivers of mentally ill individuals and their coping mechanisms. Methods: A cross-sectional study was employed with a quantitative approach. A convenient sample of 320 caregivers was taken from two private tertiary care centers and one public secondary care center in Udupi taluk. This study was conducted using the Burden Assessment Schedule (BAS) and Brief Cope Scale (BCS). Statistical analysis was done on categorical variables, and they were expressed as frequencies and percentages. Continuous variables were measured using mean and standard deviation. Univariate and multivariate analysis using binomial logistic regression was done. SPSS version 15 was used to analyze the data. Results: According to BAS, severe burden accounted for 40.9% and moderate for 59.1%. The highest amount of burden was seen in the areas of physical and mental health, spouse related, and in areas of external support. The BCS showed that the most frequently used coping styles were practicing religion, active coping, and planning. Conclusion: This study concluded that caregivers of the mentally ill individuals do undergo a lot of burden. Hence, there is a need to develop strategies that can help them such as providing them with a support structure as well as counseling services.
Clinical Profile of Parkinson's Disease: Experience of Niger
Authors: Assadeck Hamid , Daouda Moussa Toudou , Djibo Fatimata Hassane , Maiga Djibo Douma , Omar Eric Adehossi 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative pathology with unknown etiology. It is characterized clinically by the classic triad that associated tremors, bradykinesia, and rigidity. In Niger, there are no data on PD. Aims: We aimed to provide the demographic and clinical profile of PD in patients from Niger to create a database on PD in Niger. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study at the Neurology Outpatient Clinic of the Hôpital National de Niamey (HNN, Niger) over a period of 4.42 years from February 2009 to July 2013 collecting all cases of PD. The demographic and clinical features of all patients were collected and analyzed. Results: During the period of the study, 1695 patients consulted at the Neurology Outpatient Clinic of the HNN, among which 76 patients (4.48%) had secondary parkinsonism and 25 patients (1.47%) had features compatible with PD. Only patients with PD were included in this study. The mean age at onset of symptoms was 58 years (range: 42–74 years). The male sex was predominant (60%) with a sex ratio of 1.5. The mean time interval from the onset of symptoms to diagnosis of PD was 1.8 years (range: 1–5 years). The tremor was the most common symptom (84%). Bradykinesia represented 64% of the symptoms and rigidity 20%. At the time of the diagnosis of PD, 8 patients (32%) were in Stage I of the classification of Hoehn and Yahr, 16 patients (64%) in Stage II, and 1 patient (4%) in Stage III. The levodopa/carbidopa combination was the most used antiparkinsonian drug in our patients (88%). The mean time of follow-up of the patients was 2.5 years (range: 1–4.42 years). During the course of the disease, 9 patients (36%) were in Stage II of the classification of Hoehn and Yahr, 13 patients (52%) in Stage III, and 3 patients (12%) in Stage IV. Conclusion: Our study provides demographic and clinical data of PD in patients from Niger and shows that the hospital frequency of this disease is low (1.47%). The demographic and clinical features of our patients are similar to those of the patients of the prior studies reported in sub-Saharan Africa.
Repeated Peritoneal Catheter Blockage Caused by Neurocysticercosis Following Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Placement for Hydrocephalus
Authors: Li Zhi Hua , Wang Zhong Quan , Cui Jing , Guo Fu You 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTCerebral cysticercosis is common, but the possibility for repeated occurrence of peritoneal catheter blockage caused by neurocysticercosis (NCC) after two revisions following ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement for hydrocephalus is unusual. Herein, we describe one rare case in which peritoneal catheter revision was performed two times unsuccessfully. Endoscopic cysternostomy rather than peritoneal catheter adjustment was performed successfully, and histopathological examination of excised cystic samples confirmed NCC in our hospital. The present case highlights the need for awareness of NCC as a possible etiology of hydrocephalus, especially in developing countries. Uncommon findings in both lateral ventricles following low-field magnetic resonance imaging scans as well as the rarity of this infection involved in unusual location play important roles in misdiagnosis and incorrect treatment for hydrocephalus; thus, endoscopic cysternostomy, rather than multiple shunt adjustment of the peritoneal end, is recommended in the selected patient. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing the misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment of hydrocephalus caused by cerebral cysticercosis in China.
Practical consensus recommendaton for adjuvant bone-modifying agents in breast cancer
Authors: Bharatuar A. , Kar M. , Khatri S. , Goswami V. , Sarin R. , Dawood S. , Iyenger R. , Ganvir M. , Parikh Purvish M. , Aggarwal S. , Talwar Vineet 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBone-modifying therapy is a primary research interest in breast cancer. Several features contribute to the importance of the bone environment in the management of breast cancer. Firstly, bone metastases represent the most common site of breast cancer metastases and secondly, the emergence of cancer treatment-induced bone loss (CTIBL) among breast cancer survivors and patients is of increasing concern. In the adjuvant setting, bisphosphonates can be given to prevent and treat tumor therapy-induced bone loss in premenopausal and postmenopausal women and, owing to their beneficial effect on bone turnover, have also been evaluated for prevention of bone metastases occurrence. Expert oncologists discusses on the update on the approaches of Bone-modifying Agents and its treatment options. This expert group used data from published literature, practical experience and opinion of a large group of academic oncologists to arrive at this practical consensus recommendations for the benefit of community oncologists.
Practical consensus recommendations regarding the management of HER2 neu positive metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Basade M. , Singhal M. , Rathi A. K. , Nandi M. , Minhas S. , Goswami S. , Shinde S. , Parikh P. M. , Aggarwal S. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMetastatic breast cancer (MBC) is cancer that has spread from the breast to another part of the body or has come back in another distant location. Treatment options for MBC depend on several factors, including where the cancer has spread, the patient's overall health, and the levels of hormone receptors and HER2 in the tumour. Over-expression of HER2 is generally considered to be a negative prognostic feature because it accompanies an increase in breast cancer mortality. However, the development of agents that specifically target HER2 has improved the management of patients with these tumours.[7],[8],[9],[10] This expert group used data from published literature, practical experience and opinion of a large group of academic oncologists to arrive at these practical consensus recommendations in regards with the use of these agents and the management of HER2 positive MBC for the benefit of community oncologists.
Practical consensus recommendations for neo-adjuvant chemotherapy in triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Bhattacharyya G. S. , Walia M. , Nandi M. , Murli A. , Salim S. , Rajpurohit S. , Shinde S. , Aggarwal S. , Parikh P. M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis manuscript provides a practical and easy to use consensus recommendation to community oncologists on how to use neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple negative breast cancer patients.
Elevated lipoprotein(a)-associated accelerated thromboangiitis: A case report
Authors: Harris Jerad A.K. , Gillispie Mark Shane , Solario Claribel , Tran Melody L. , Pinon-Gutierrez Rogelio , Rutledge John C. 
Published: April 2018

We describe a 47-year-old African American woman affected by a rapidly progressing thromboangiitis associated with high serum levels of lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)).
Analysis of Seasonal Behavior, Cycle Occurrences and Price Trends of Brazil nut Products Exported from Brazil
Authors: Santana Lorena Figueira de , Sozinho Thiago Manoel , Silva João Carlos Garzel Leodoro da , Frega José Roberto , Almeida Lauro Brito de , Valerius Jaqueline 
Published: April 2018

The exploitation of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) represent a way of subsistence for Amazon extractive communities, which demonstrate great recognition of its importance to income generation, notably in rural areas. This paper aims to identify and analyze the existence of seasonal behavior, cycle occurrence and price tendency upon Brazil nuts products (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.) exported by Brazil to international market during 2005 to 2015. Products quantity and price database were collected from Foreign Trade Information Analysis System (AliceWeb) and used as proxy to estimate its unit price in US$/kg. Deflated by the Consumer Price Index (CPI), using as reference base December 2015, the analysis consisted on applying the Mobile Geometric Mean (MGM) and the ARIMA econometric models. The evaluation of cycles and tendency were realized by graphic analysis of the stationary indexes, visual identification of structural series breaks and plotting reference value to analyze the occurrence of increase or decrease price. Because of the models application a seasonal price behavior was observed for both Brazil nuts products analyzed, shelled and in shell. Although the tendency of price growth was verified for both, the in shell products presented short term annual cycles, while for the shelled product only three long term cycles with distinct intervals were noticed.
Antishear Stress Bionic Carbon Nanotube Mesh Coating with Intracellular Controlled Drug Delivery Constructing Small‐Diameter Tissue–Engineered Vascular Grafts
Authors: Ding Ning , Dou Ce , Wang Yuxin , Liu Feila , Guan Ge , Huo Da , Li Yanzhao , Yang Jingyuan , Wei Keyu , Yang Mingcan , Tan Ju , Zeng Wen , Zhu Chuhong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSmall‐diameter (<6 mm) tissue–engineered blood vessels (TEBVs) have a low patency rate due to chronic inflammation mediated intimal hyperplasia. Functional coating with drug release is a promising solution, but preventing the released drug from being rushed away by blood flow remains a great challenge. A single‐walled carboxylic acid functionalized carbon nanotube (C‐SWCNT) is used to build an irregular mesh for TEBV coating. However, an interaction between the released drug and the cells is still insufficient due to the blood flow. Thus, an intracellular drug delivery system mediated by macrophage cellular uptake is designed. Resveratrol (RSV) modified CNT is used for macrophage uptake. M1 macrophage uptakes CNT‐RSV and then converts to the M2 phenotype upon intracellular RSV release. Prohealing M2 macrophage inhibits the chronic inflammation thus maintains the contractile phenotype of the vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC), which reduces intimal hyperplasia. Additionally, RSV released from the mesh coating also directly protects the contractile VSMCs from being converted to a secretory phenotype. Through antishear stress coating and macrophage‐based intracellular drug delivery, CNT‐RSV TEBVs exhibit a long‐term anti‐intimal hyperplasia function. Animal transplantation studies show that the patency rate remains high until day 90 after grafting in rat carotid arteries.
A Hepatocyte‐Mimicking Antidote for Alcohol Intoxication
Authors: Xu Duo , Han Hui , He Yuxin , Lee Harrison , Wu Di , Liu Fang , Liu Xiangsheng , Liu Yang , Lu Yunfeng , Ji Cheng 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAlcohol intoxication causes serious diseases, whereas current treatments are mostly supportive and unable to remove alcohol efficiently. Upon alcohol consumption, alcohol is sequentially oxidized to acetaldehyde and acetate by the endogenous alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase, respectively. Inspired by the metabolism of alcohol, a hepatocyte‐mimicking antidote for alcohol intoxication through the codelivery of the nanocapsules of alcohol oxidase (AOx), catalase (CAT), and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) to the liver, where AOx and CAT catalyze the oxidation of alcohol to acetaldehyde, while ALDH catalyzes the oxidation of acetaldehyde to acetate. Administered to alcohol‐intoxicated mice, the antidote rapidly accumulates in the liver and enables a significant reduction of the blood alcohol concentration. Moreover, blood acetaldehyde concentration is maintained at an extremely low level, significantly contributing to liver protection. Such an antidote, which can eliminate alcohol and acetaldehyde simultaneously, holds great promise for the treatment of alcohol intoxication and poisoning and can provide therapeutic benefits.
Nahinfrarot‐sensibilisierte photoinduzierte ATRP mit einer Kupfer(II)‐Katalysatorkonzentration im ppm‐Bereich
Authors: Kütahya Ceren , Schmitz Christian , Strehmel Veronika , Yagci Yusuf , Strehmel Bernd 
Published: April 2018

AbstractEine NIR‐sensibilisierte photoinduzierte radikalische Atomtransferpolymerisation (ATRP) gelingt mit [CuII(Tri(2‐pyridylmethyl)amin)]Br2 als Katalysator in ppm‐Konzentrationen, einem Polymethin als Photosensibilisator und α‐Bromphenylacetat als Alkylhalogenid‐Initiator. Unter den untersuchten Polymethinen mit einer kationischen (1), zwitterionischen (2, 3) und anionischen (4) Struktur war lediglich 2 als Sensibilisator mit NIR‐Licht bei Raumtemperatur geeignet, um Polymere mit kontrollierten Molekulargewichten und Funktionalitäten zu erhalten. Die Barbituratgruppe von 2 trägt maßgeblich zur Aktivität in dieser ATRP bei. Die Funktionsfähigkeit der Endgruppe des erhaltenen Polymers wurde mittels Kettenverlängerungs‐ und Blockcopolymerisationsexperimenten nachgewiesen. Das System ist sehr photostabil bei Bestrahlung mit NIR‐Licht. Die Abhängigkeit von der verwendeten Strahlung wurde durch periodische Ein/Aus‐Phasen während der Polymerisation gezeigt.
High‐performance composite nanofiltration membranes fabricated via ternary mixture: Complementary preponderance of the fluorine‐containing monomer 2,2′‐bis(1‐hydroxyl‐1‐trifluoromethyl‐2,2,2‐triflutoethyl)‐4,4′‐methylene dianiline and the rigid monomer bisphenol F
Authors: Tang Yong‐Jian , Ding Hao , Xu Zhen‐Liang , Huang Ben‐Qing 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTIn a previous study, we proved that tailoring the polyamide backbone stiffness is an effective way to fabricate high‐performance polyamide nanofiltration (NF) membranes. However, in the previous study, we mainly focused on the flat membrane and did not consider its chlorine tolerance. In this study, by regulating the aqueous‐phase compositions in the interfacial polymerization process, chlorine tolerance on NF hollow‐fiber membranes was endowed while the membrane performance stayed high. The experimental results show that when the ratio of Piperazine (PIP)–bisphenol F (BPF)/2,2′‐bis(1‐hydroxyl‐1‐trifluoromethyl‐2,2,2‐triflutoethyl)‐4,4′‐methylene dianiline (BHTTM) was 5:1:4, the NF membrane possessed a permeate flux of 21.0 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 and an Na2SO4 rejection up to 90.0%. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis also confirmed that the polymerization degree of the PIP–BPF–BHTTM NF membrane was the highest. Moreover, the NF membrane could tolerate active chlorine to over 10,000 ppm h Cl. After the active chlorine treatment, the permeate flux increased over 30.0 L m−2 h−1 bar−1, and the Na2SO4 rejection was about 90.0%. Although the PIP–BHTTM NF membrane also possessed good chlorine tolerance, its permeate flux (after active chlorine treatment) was only 60% of that of the PIP–BPF–BHTTM NF membrane. Therefore, the PIP–BPF–BHTTM NF membrane possessed a combination of high flux and high chlorine tolerance and showed good potential in water treatment in rigorous environments. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46482.
Poly(lactic acid)–thermoplastic poly(ether)urethane composites synergistically reinforced and toughened with short carbon fibers for three‐dimensional printing
Authors: Qian Kaiyao , Qian Xin , Chen Yulong , Zhou Mi 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTIn this study, we prepared short‐carbon‐fiber (CF)‐reinforced poly(lactic acid) (PLA)–thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) blends by melt blending. The effects of the initial fiber length and content on the morphologies and thermal, rheological, and mechanical properties of the composites were systematically investigated. We found that the mechanical properties of the composites were almost unaffected by the fiber initial length. However, with increasing fiber content, the stiffness and toughness values of the blends were both enhanced because of the formation of a TPU‐mediated CF network. With the incorporation of 20 wt % CFs into the PLA–TPU blends, the tensile strength was increased by 70.7%, the flexural modulus was increased by 184%, and the impact strength was increased by 50.4%. Compared with that of the neat PLA, the impact strength of the CF‐reinforced composites increased up to 1.92 times. For the performance in three‐dimensional printing, excellent mechanical properties and a good‐quality appearance were simultaneously obtained when we printed the composites with a thin layer thickness. Our results provide insight into the relationship among the CFs, phase structure, and performance, as we achieved a good stiffness–toughness balance in the PLA–TPU–CF ternary composites. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46483.
Preparation, characterization, and investigation of poly(AMPS/AM/SSS) on application performance of water‐based drilling fluid
Authors: Huo Jin‐Hua , Peng Zhi‐Gang , Ye Zhong‐bin , Feng Qian , Zheng Yong , Zhang Jian , Liu Xianjie 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTBased on the requirement of the synthesized polymer resistant to higher temperature and lower cost demand of water‐based drilling fluid system, a novel polymer, which named poly(AMPS/AM/SSS), was synthesized using acrylamide (AM), 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS), and p‐styrenesulfonate (SSS). At first, the molecular structure was investigated through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy (1H‐NMR) and element analysis. Simultaneously, the molecular weight and distribution was obtained by gel chromatography method. Moreover, the thermal stability was produced by thermal analysis (TG). Secondly, the poly(AMPS/AM/SSS) was introduced into water‐based drilling fluid system. As a result, it was shown that the use of poly(AMPS/AM/SSS) significantly improved the filtration performance of drilling fluid system. When the adding amount is 1.2 wt %, the FLAPI of drilling fluid system is 9.20 mL. Moreover, it was found that the flow curve of water‐based drilling fluid systems are more fitted to the Herschel–Bulkley flow model. Besides, the temperature resistance of water‐based drilling fluid system was obviously improved. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the cost of water‐based drilling fluid system was significantly reduced. During this study, the filtration mechanism of the synthesized poly(AMPS/AM/SSS) was studied by adsorption analysis, Zeta potential method, and morphology analysis. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46510.
chromploid: An R package for chromosome number evolution across the plant tree of life
Authors: Zenil‐Ferguson Rosana , Burleigh J. Gordon , Ponciano José Miguel 
Published: April 2018

Premise of the StudyPolyploidy has profound evolutionary consequences for land plants. Despite the availability of large phylogenetic and chromosomal data sets, estimating the rates of polyploidy and chromosomal evolution across the tree of life remains a challenging, computationally complex problem. We introduce the R package chromploid, which allows scientists to perform inference of chromosomal evolution rates across large phylogenetic trees.Methods and Resultschromploid is an open‐source package in the R environment that calculates the likelihood function of models of chromosome evolution. Models of discrete character evolution can be customized using chromploid. We demonstrate the performance of the BiChroM model, testing for associations between rates of chromosome doubling (as a proxy for polyploidy) and a binary phenotypic character, within chromploid using simulations and empirical data from Solanum. In simulations, estimated chromosome‐doubling rates were unbiased and the variance decreased with larger trees, but distinguishing small differences in rates of chromosome doubling, even from large data sets, remains challenging. In the Solanum data set, a custom model of chromosome number evolution demonstrated higher rates of chromosome doubling in herbaceous species compared to woody.Conclusionschromploid enables researchers to perform robust likelihood‐based inferences using complex models of chromosome number evolution across large phylogenies.