bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relative humidity and O3 concentration as two prerequisites for sulfate formation
Authors: Fang Yanhua , Ye Chunxiang , Wang Junxia , Wu Yusheng , Hu Min , Lin Weili , Xu Fanfan , Zhu Tong 
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Sulfate formation mechanisms have been discussed
extensively but are still disputed. In this work, a year-long particulate
matter (PM2.5) sampling campaign was conducted together with
measurements of gaseous pollutant concentrations and meteorological
parameters in Beijing, China, from March 2012 to February 2013. The sulfur
oxidation ratio (SOR), an indicator of secondary sulfate formation,
displayed a clear summer peak and winter valley, even though no obvious
seasonal variations in sulfate mass concentration were observed. A rapid
rise in the SOR was found at a relative humidity (RH) threshold of ∼45 % or an
O3 concentration threshold of ∼35 ppb, allowing us to
first introduce the idea that RH and O3 concentrations are two
prerequisites for rapid sulfate formation via multiphase reactions. In the
case of the RH threshold, this is consistent with current understanding of
the multiphase formation of sulfate, since it relates to the
semisolid-to-liquid phase transition of atmospheric aerosols. Correlation
analysis between SOR and aerosol water content (AWC) further backed this up. In the case of the
O3 concentration threshold, this is consistent with the consumption of
liquid oxidants in multiphase sulfate formation. The thresholds introduced
here lead us to a better understanding of the sulfate formation mechanisms and
sulfate formation variations. H2O2 might be the major oxidant of
sulfate formation, since another liquid-phase oxidant, O3, has
previously been shown to be unimportant. The seasonal variations in sulfate
formation could be accounted for by variations in the RH and O3
prerequisites. For example, over the year-long study, the fastest
SO2-to-sulfate conversion occurred in summer, which was associated with
the highest values of O3 (and also H2O2) concentration and
RH. The SOR also displayed variations with pollution levels; i.e. the SOR
increased with PM2.5 in all seasons. Such variations were primarily
associated with a transition from the slow gas-phase formation of sulfate to
rapid multiphase reactions, since RH increased higher than its prerequisite
value of around 45 % as pollution evolved. In addition, the self-catalytic
nature of sulfate formation (i.e. the formation of hydrophilic sulfate
aerosols under high RH conditions results in an increase in aerosol water
content, which results in greater particle volume for further multiphase
sulfate formation) also contributed to variations among the pollution
scenarios.
Improved FTIR retrieval strategy for HCFC-22 (CHClF2), comparisons with in situ and satellite datasets with the support of models, and determination of its long-term trend above Jungfraujoch
Authors: Prignon Maxime , Chabrillat Simon , Minganti Daniele , O'Doherty Simon , Servais Christian , Stiller Gabriele , Toon Geoffrey C. , Vollmer Martin K. , Mahieu Emmanuel 
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are the first, but
temporary, substitution products for the strong ozone-depleting
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). HCFC consumption and production are currently
regulated under the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone
Layer and their emissions have started to stabilize or even decrease. As
HCFC-22 (CHClF2) is by far the most abundant HCFC in today's
atmosphere, it is crucial to continue to monitor the evolution of its
atmospheric concentration. In this study, we describe an improved HCFC-22
retrieval strategy from ground-based high-resolution Fourier transform
infrared (FTIR) solar spectra recorded at the high-altitude scientific
station of Jungfraujoch, the Swiss Alps, 3580 m a.m.s.l. (above mean sea level). This new
strategy distinguishes tropospheric and lower-stratospheric partial columns.
Comparisons with independent datasets, such as the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases
Experiment (AGAGE) and the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric
Sounding (MIPAS), supported by models, such as the Belgian Assimilation System for
Chemical ObErvation (BASCOE) and the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate
Model (WACCM), demonstrate the validity of our tropospheric and lower-stratospheric long-term time series. A trend analysis on the datasets used
here, now spanning 30 years, confirms the last decade's decline in
the HCFC-22 growth rate. This updated retrieval strategy can be adapted for
other ozone-depleting substances (ODSs), such as CFC-12. Measuring or
retrieving ODS atmospheric concentrations is essential for scrutinizing the
fulfilment of the globally ratified Montreal Protocol.
Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis using the logic tree approach – Patna district (India)
Authors: Anbazhagan Panjamani , Bajaj Ketan , Matharu Karanpreet , Moustafa Sayed S. R. , Al-Arifi Nassir S. N. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Peak ground acceleration
(PGA) and study area (SA) distribution for the Patna district are presented
considering both the classical and zoneless approaches through a logic tree framework to capture the epistemic uncertainty. Seismicity parameters are
calculated by considering completed and mixed earthquake data. Maximum
magnitude is calculated using three methods, namely the incremental method, Kijko
method, and regional rupture characteristics approach. The best suitable ground motion prediction
equations (GMPEs)
are selected by carrying out an “efficacy test” using log likelihood. Uniform
hazard response spectra have been compared with Indian standard BIS 1893.
PGA varies from 0.38 to 0.30 g from the southern to northern periphery
considering 2 % probability of exceedance in 50 years.
Effect of Extreme Weather Events on the Sedimentation of the Bay of Samaná, Dominican Republic (1900–2016)
Authors: Delanoy Ramón A. , Díaz-Asencio Misael , Méndez-Tejeda Rafael 
Published: October 2019

The Bay of Saman&aacute;, formed by tectonism and sedimentation, is delimited to the north by the peninsula of the same name, to the south by the north slope of the Eastern Mountain Range and Los Haitises National Park, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the west by the ancient Gran Estero, today the Lower Yuna. There follows a process of continuous degradation by the existing tectonic forces and the sediment contributions by the Yuna, Yab&oacute;n, and La Yeguada rivers to the south as well as by the landslides of the mountainous area of the Saman&aacute; Peninsula, during periods of storms and hurricanes. The coastal area of Saman&aacute; Bay has altered by 2.17 km2 at the mouth of the Yuna River from 2003&ndash;2015. The high turbidity level has affected coral reefs and marine species.&nbsp; The&nbsp; mangroves&nbsp; are&nbsp; lost&nbsp; faster&nbsp; than&nbsp; they&nbsp; are&nbsp; regenerated&nbsp; by&nbsp; the&nbsp; coastline&rsquo;s change. Variations in the elemental compositions of calcium and iron show the terrigenous influence on the dynamics of the bay during Extreme Weather Events (EWP) in the river basins that flow into it. Abrupt changes in the rainfall regime produced an equal change in the estuary sedimentation regime, according to the 210Pb. In the 2007&ndash;2016 period, a column of sediment that reached 38 cm and a 12 cm to 8.4 km column were deposited 4 km southeast of the municipality of S&aacute;nchez and east of the mouth of the Yuna River. The Sedimentary Accumulation Rate is very high, and
the content of heavy metals exceeds the threshold values of Table SQuirt.
Wegwijs door het Caribisch fiscaal strafrecht
Authors: Demandt K.M.G. 
Published: October 2019

Wegwijs door het Caribisch fiscaal strafrecht: the game is changing
In de Cariben is het fiscale strafrecht volop in ontwikkeling. Zo zijn de bevoegdheidsverdeling tussen het Openbaar Ministerie en de Belastingdienst en de inkeerregeling als vervolgingsuitsluitingsgrond onderwerpen die steeds meer aan bod komen. Ook een beroep op het pleitbaar standpunt doet zijn intrede in het Caribische fiscale strafrecht. In dit artikel wordt ingegaan op de ontwikkelingen die zich de afgelopen jaren hebben voorgedaan.
Wetgeving straf- en strafprocesrecht in Aruba, Curaçao en Sint Maarten
Authors: Verbaan J.H.J. , Salverda B.A. 
Published: October 2019

Wetgeving straf- en strafprocesrecht in Aruba, Curaçao en Sint Maarten
In de voormalige Nederlandse Antillen en Aruba is al enige tijd een herziening gaande van het straf- en strafprocesrecht. Onlangs is door de commissie herziening Wetboek van Strafvordering een vernieuwd concept aangeboden aan de ministers van Justitie van Aruba, Curaçao en Sint Maarten. In dit artikel wordt de huidige stand van zaken van de strafwetgeving en de wetgeving op het gebied van het strafprocesrecht weergegeven. In het artikel is betoogd een snelle invoering van het vernieuwde strafprocesrecht wenselijk en noodzakelijk is. Ook voor de invoering van het strafprocesrecht geldt het beginsel ‘lites finiri oportet’.
Buitengerechtelijke afdoening van financieel-economische strafzaken op Curaçao
Authors: Schreuders D.S. , Van der Voort N. 
Published: October 2019

Buitengerechtelijke afdoening van financieel-economische strafzaken op Curaçao
Transacties met het OM in financieel-economische en fraudezaken op Curaçao volgen grotendeels dezelfde procedure als Nederlandse strafzaken op het gebied van fraude en kennen dezelfde uitgangspunten en kenmerken. Toch zijn er ook verschillen tussen de transactieregelingen in Nederland en in Curaçao. In deze bijdrage wordt een beschrijving gegeven van de wijze van afdoening buiten de rechter om van financieel-economische strafzaken en fraudezaken, zoals die op Curaçao plaats kan vinden. Het artikel beoogt tevens (mede op basis van praktijkervaringen) inzicht te geven in dit sluitstuk van de strafrechtspleging vanuit een rechtsvergelijkend perspectief ten opzichte van Nederland. Met het oog op het komende Caribische Wetboek van Strafvordering en de modernisering van het Nederlandse Wetboek van Strafvordering is het immers buitengewoon interessant om de verdere ontwikkelingen in de schikkingspraktijk van het OM Curaçao en de overige overzeese gebiedsdelen de komende tijd scherp in de gaten te houden.
Geef mij toegang tot uw smartphone!
Authors: Albers W. , Beekhuis T. , Taylor Parkins-Ozephius C.M. 
Published: October 2019

Geef mij toegang tot uw smartphone! – Een zoektocht naar de wettelijke grondslag van de gedwongen biometrische ontgrendeling van de smartphone
Uit een aantal vonnissen blijkt dat rechters zoekende zijn naar de wettelijke grondslag voor de gedwongen biometrische ontgrendeling van een smartphone. Zo worden de artikelen 3 Pw en 141/142 Sv, artikel 94 Sv e.v. en artikel 61a Sv genoemd. Deze bijdrage gaat nader in op deze bepalingen om inzicht te geven, mede in het licht van artikel 1 Sv en artikel 8 EVRM, in de zoektocht van de rechters. Gepoogd wordt een antwoord te geven op de vraag welke de meest aangewezen grondslag is voor deze wijze van ontgrendeling.
Exposure to traumatic events and perceptual priming in forcedly displaced Colombian population in Ecuador
Authors: Reyes Valenzuela Carlos , Martos-Méndez María José , Blanco Abarca Amalio , Blanco Rubén 
Published: October 2019

Los recientes estudios en priming perceptivo se han centrado en identificar las diferencias entre población con y sin Trastorno por Estrés Postraumático (TEPT) confirmando la hipótesis que el TEPT representa un trastorno de la memoria. En este trabajo, se pretende abordar el priming en personas que han estado expuestas a diversas experiencias traumáticas relacionadas con el desplazamiento forzado. Para ello se diseñaron tres categorías de palabras “trauma” (i.e., de amenaza, emocional y judicial) y una categoría de palabras “neutra”, las cuales compartían su raíz de tres letras en 44 colombianos refugiados y solicitantes de asilo que residen en Ecuador con presencia o ausencia de TEPT. Los resultados confirman que las personas con TEPT presentan mayor priming perceptivo en las categorías de amenaza y emociones y los solicitantes de asilo en la categoría judicial. Se discuten las implicaciones para los estudios que abordan el impacto de violencia política.
In line with the hypothesis that PTSD is a memory disorder, recent studies on perceptual priming have focused on identifying the differences between population with and without Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). This study addresses priming in people who have been exposed to traumatic experiences of forced displacement. To that end, three categories of the word “trauma” (i.e., of threat, emotional and judicial) and a category of “neutral” words, which shared their three-letter root were chosen. The participants were 44 Colombian refugees and asylum seekers living in Ecuador with or without PTSD. The results of our study point that people with PTSD have higher perceptual priming in the threat and emotional categories, and asylum seekers show higher priming in the judicial category. The implications for studies that address the impact of political violence are discussed.
El impacto del reforzamiento ambiental reducido en la predicción de la severidad de la depresión en cuidadores
Authors: Vázquez González Fernando Lino , López Lara , Blanco Vanessa , Otero Patricia , Torres Ángela J. , Ferraces María José 
Published: October 2019

Pese a sus dificultades para realizar actividades agradables y la alta prevalencia de depresión, no se ha analizado el refuerzo como predictor de la depresión en la población de cuidadores. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el refuerzo como predictor del nivel de depresión (sin depresión, depresión subclínica, episodio depresivo mayor) en cuidadores. Evaluadores independientes evaluaron las variables sociodemográficas del cuidador, la persona cuidada y la situación de cuidado, el refuerzo y la sintomatología depresiva mediante autoinformes, y clínicos expertos evaluaron el episodio depresivo mayor mediante la SCID-5-CV, en 592 cuidadores (87.2% mujeres; edad media = 55.4 años). La puntuación media en refuerzo fue 28.1. El refuerzo fue menor en cuidadores ≤55 años y de clase social baja-media/baja. Y mayor en cuidadores sin depresión que en aquellos con depresión subclínica y episodio depresivo mayor, y en cuidadores con depresión subclínica frente a aquellos con episodio depresivo mayor. Los cuidadores con mayor refuerzo tenían menor probabilidad de depresión subclínica (adjusted OR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.75-0.83) y episodio depresivo mayor (adjusted OR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.62-0.72). El refuerzo fue un factor de protección frente a la depresión subclínica y el episodio depresivo mayor en cuidadores.
Reward has not been examined as a predictor of depression in the caregiver population despite the high prevalence of depression. The aim of this study was to analyze reward as a predictor of the level of depression (without depression, subclinical depression, major depressive episode) in caregivers. Independent evaluators evaluated the socio-demographic variables of the caregiver, the person receiving care, the situation of care, reward and depressive symptomatology through self-reports. Expert clinicians evaluated the prevalence of major depressive episodes using the SCID-5-CV in 592 caregivers (87.2% women, average age = 55.4 years). The average reward score was 28.1. Reward was lower in caregivers younger than 55 years old who belonged to a low/low-middle social class. Reward was higher in caregivers without depression than in those with subclinical depression and a major depressive episode. Reward was also higher in caregivers with subclinical depression versus those with a major depressive episode. Caregivers with higher reward had a lower probability of subclinical depression (adjusted OR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.75-0.83) and a major depressive episode (adjusted OR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.62-0.72). Reward was a protective factor against subclinical depression and a major depressive episode in caregivers.
Do healthy preterm children have behavior problems?
Authors: Pérez-Pereira Miguel , Baños Lua 
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: En este estudio, se compararán los problemas de comportamiento de los niños prematuros sanos y a término. También se estudiará el efecto de las condiciones ambientales y neonatales en la tasa de problemas de comportamiento, prestando especial atención a la depresión materna y al estrés de los padres. Estudios anteriores encontraron tasas de prevalencia significativamente mayores de problemas totales en niños prematuros. La mayoría de estos estudios se llevaron a cabo con niños prematuros menores de 32 semanas de edad gestacional. En contraste, algunos estudios realizados con niños moderadamente prematuros no encontraron diferencias significativas. Método: Evaluamos 108 niños prematuros de bajo riesgo y 33 niños de término completo a través del Child Behavior Checklist cuando tenían 5 años de edad. El estrés y la depresión de sus madres también fueron evaluados. Resultados: No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos prematuros y los de término completo en cuanto a la internalización o la externalización general de los problemas de conducta, ni a los problemas de conducta más específicos, como la ansiedad, la atención o la agresión. No se encontró ningún efecto de la edad gestacional en la tasa de problemas de conducta. En contraste, el estrés materno, pero no la depresión materna, fue un fuerte predictor de problemas de conducta. Conclusiones: Estos resultados indican que los problemas de conducta no son característicos de los niños prematuros como grupo, sino solo de los niños muy o extremadamente prematuros.
Background/Objective. In this study, the behavior problems of healthy preterm and full-term children will be compared. The effect of environmental and neonatal conditions on the rate of behavior problems, with special attention to maternal depression and parental stress, will also be studied.
Previous studies found significantly higher prevalence rates of total problems in preterm children. Most of these studies were carried out with preterm children under 32 weeks of gestational age. In contrast, some studies carried out with moderately preterm children found no significant difference.
Method. We assessed 108 low risk preterm children and 33 full-term children through the Child Behavior Checklist when they were 5 years-old. Their mothers` stress and depression were also assessed.
Results. No significant difference was found between the preterm and the full-term groups for overall, internalizing or externalizing behavior problems, or for more fine-grained behavior problems such as anxiety, attention or aggression problems. No effect of gestational age on the rate of behavior problems was found. In contrast maternal stress, but not maternal depression, was a strong predictor of behavior problems.
Conclusions. These results indicate that behavior problems are not characteristic of preterm children as a group, but only of very or extremely preterm children.
Adaptation and validation to the spanish context of the scale of self-stigma in relatives of people with mental illness
Authors: Trigueros Rubén , Aguilar-Parra José Manuel , Cangas Adolfo Javier , Ortiz Luis , Navarro Noelia 
Published: October 2019

El estigma, y en particular el autoestigma en personas con trastorno mental grave (TMG), constituyen uno de los principales problemas que a los que se enfrentan los profesionales de la salud mental. Sin embargo, este problema no se encuentra únicamente en las personas que padecen esta enfermedad mental, sino que sus consecuencias afectan de igual manera a familiares allegados. Por ello, resulta necesario adaptar y validar al contexto español la Escala de Autoestigma en Familiares de Personas con Enfermedad Mental (AFPEM). En el estudio han participado 304 adultos (M=44.57; DT=15.29). Para analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la escala se han realizado diversos análisis. Los resultados del análisis factorial confirmatorio han ofrecido apoyo a la estructura del cuestionario tanto del 30 ítems, el de 10 ítems como el modelo de orden superior. La estructura de los modelos se mostró invariante respecto al género. Los valores de alpha de Cronbach fueron superiores a .70 en las diferentes subescalas. Los resultados de este estudio han proporcionado evidencias de validez y fiabilidad de la AFPEM, por lo que diversos profesionales de la salud mental dispondrán de un instrumento con el que evaluar el grado de autoestigma que tienen los familiares de personas con TMG.
Stigma, and in particular self-stigma in people with severe mental disorder (GIST), is one of the main problems faced by mental health professionals. However, this problem is not only found in people who suffer from this mental illness, but its consequences affect family members in the same way. For this reason, it is necessary to adapt and validate in the Spanish context the Scale of Self-Stigma in Relatives of People with Mental Illness (AFPEM). The study involved 304 adults (M = 44.57, SD = 15.29). To analyze the psychometric properties of the scale, several analyzes have been carried out. The results of the confirmatory factorial analysis (CFA) have offered support to the questionnaire structure of 30 items, 10 items and the higher order model. The structure of the models was invariant respect to gender. Cronbach's alpha values ​​were greater than .70 in the different subscales. The results of this study have provided evidence of validity and reliability of the AFPEM, so that various mental health professionals will have an instrument with which assesses the degree of self-stigma that family members of people with SMI have.
Burnout and wellbeing of teacher candidates: The mediator role of cynicism
Authors: Bakioğlu Fuad , Kiraz Zafer 
Published: October 2019

El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar el papel mediador del cinismo en la relación entre el agotamiento y el bienestar. Los participantes fueron 326 maestros candidatos [189 (58%) mujeres, 137 (42%) hombres, Medad = 23.14 años, SD = 2.36] que completaron los cuestionarios el grupo de Burnout Measure Short Version, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, Life with Satisfaction Scale y el Hunter Cynicism Scale. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando modelos de ecuaciones estructurales. Se realizó un análisis de arranque para determinar los efectos indirectos. Los resultados mostraron que el agotamiento predijo el cinismo de manera positiva y el bienestar de manera negativa, y que el cinismo predijo el bienestar de manera negativa. Se encontró además que se confirmó el modelo de ecuación estructural que proponía que el agotamiento tenía un efecto directo e indirecto a través del cinismo sobre el bienestar. Los resultados del estudio se discutieron a la luz de la literatura relevante, y se hicieron sugerencias para futuros estudios.
The aim of this study was to investigate a mediator role of cynicism in the relationship between burnout and wellbeing. Participants were 326 teacher candidates [189 (58%) female, 137 (42%) male, Mage = 23.14 years, SD = 2.36] who completed questionnaires package the Burnout Measure Short Version, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, Life with Satisfaction Scale and the Hunter Cynicism Scale. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. A bootstrapping analysis was conducted in order to determine any indirect effects. The results showed that burnout predicted cynicism positively and wellbeing negatively, and that cynicism predicted wellbeing negatively. It was further found that the structural equation model that proposed that burnout had a direct and an indirect effect through cynicism on wellbeing was confirmed. The results of the study were discussed in the light of relevant literature, and suggestions for future studies were made.