bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of oily fish intake, sex, age, BMI andAPOEgenotype with plasma long-chainn-3 fatty acid composition
Authors: Fisk Helena L. , Irvine Michael , Miles Elizabeth A. , Lietz Georg , Mathers John C. , Packard Chris J. , Armah Christopher K. , Kofler Bettina M. , Curtis Peter J. , Minihane Anne M. , Calder Philip C. 
Published: May 2018

Abstractn-3 Fatty acids are associated with better cardiovascular and cognitive health. However, the concentration of EPA, DPA and DHA in different plasma lipid pools differs and factors influencing this heterogeneity are poorly understood. Our aim was to evaluate the association of oily fish intake, sex, age, BMI andAPOEgenotype with concentrations of EPA, DPA and DHA in plasma phosphatidylcholine (PC), NEFA, cholesteryl esters (CE) and TAG. Healthy adults (148 male, 158 female, age 20–71 years) were recruited according toAPOEgenotype, sex and age. The fatty acid composition was determined by GC. Oily fish intake was positively associated with EPA in PC, CE and TAG, DPA in TAG, and DHA in all fractions (P≤0·008). There was a positive association between age and EPA in PC, CE and TAG, DPA in NEFA and CE, and DHA in PC and CE (P≤0·034). DPA was higher in TAG in males than females (P<0·001). There was a positive association between BMI and DPA and DHA in TAG (P<0·006 and 0·02, respectively).APOEgenotype×sex interactions were observed: theAPOE4 allele associated with higher EPA in males (P=0·002), and there was also evidence for higher DPA and DHA (P≤0·032). In conclusion, EPA, DPA and DHA in plasma lipids are associated with oily fish intake, sex, age, BMI andAPOEgenotype. Such insights may be used to better understand the link between plasma fatty acid profiles and dietary exposure and may influence intake recommendations across population subgroups.
DNA barcoding and real-time PCR detection ofBactrocera xanthodes(Tephritidae: Diptera) complex
Authors: Li D. , Waite D.W. , Gunawardana D.N. , McCarthy B. , Anderson D. , Flynn A. , George S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractImmature fruit fly stages of the family Tephritidae are commonly intercepted on breadfruit from Pacific countries at the New Zealand border but are unable to be identified to the species level using morphological characters. Subsequent molecular identification showed that they belong toBactrocera xanthodes, which is part of a species complex that includesBactrocera paraxanthodes, Bactrocera neoxanthodesand an undescribed species. To establish a more reliable molecular identification system forB. xanthodes, a reference database of DNA barcode sequences for the 5’-fragment of COI gene region was constructed forB. xanthodesfrom Fiji, Samoa and Tonga. To better understand the species complex,B. neoxanthodesfrom Vanuatu andB. paraxanthodesfrom New Caledonia were also barcoded. Using the results of this analysis, real-time TaqMan polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for the detection ofB. xanthodescomplex and for the three individual species of the complex were developed and validated. The assay showed high specificity for the target species, with no cross-reaction observed for closely related organisms. Each of the real-time PCR assays is sensitive, detecting the target sequences at concentrations as low as ten copies µl−1and can be used as either singleplex or multiplex formats. This real-time PCR assay forB. xanthodeshas been successfully applied at the borders in New Zealand, leading to the rapid identification of intercepted Tephritidae eggs and larvae. The developed assays will be useful biosecurity tools for rapid detection of species in theB. xanthodescomplex worldwide.
CARBON STOCKS, LITTERFALL AND PRUNING RESIDUES IN MONOCULTURE AND AGROFORESTRY CACAO PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
Authors: SCHNEIDEWIND ULF , NIETHER WIEBKE , ARMENGOT LAURA , SCHNEIDER MONIKA , SAUER DANIELA , HEITKAMP FELIX , GEROLD GERHARD 
Published: May 2018

SUMMARYAgroforestry systems (AFS) can serve to decrease ecosystem carbon (C) losses caused by deforestation and inadequate soil management. Because of their shade tolerance, cacao plants are suitable to be grown in AFS, since they can be combined with other kinds of trees and shrubs. The potential for C sequestration in cacao farming systems depends on various factors, such as management practices, stand structure and plantation age. We compared conventionally and organically managed cacao monoculture systems (MCS) and AFS in Sara Ana (Bolivia) with respect to C stocks in plant biomass and to amounts of litterfall and pruning residues. The total aboveground C stocks of the AFS (26 Mg C ha−1) considerably exceeded those of the MCS (~7 Mg C ha−1), although the biomass of cacao trees was greater in the MCS compared to the AFS. Due to higher tree density, annual litterfall in the AFS (2.2 Mg C ha−1 year−1) substantially exceeded that in the MCS (1.2 Mg C ha−1 year−1). The amounts of C in pruning residues (2.6 Mg C ha−1 year−1 in MCS to 4.3 Mg C ha−1 year−1 in AFS) was more than twice those in the litterfall. Annual nitrogen (N) inputs to the soil through pruning residues of cacao and N-fixing trees were up to 10 times higher than the N inputs through external fertiliser application. We conclude that appropriate management of cacao AFS, involving the pruning of leguminous trees, will lead to increases in biomass, litter quantity and quality as well as soil C and N stocks. Thus, we recommend stimulating the expansion of well-managed AFS to improve soil fertility and enhance C sequestration in soils.
AGRO-PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF DURUM WHEAT GENOTYPES UNDER DROUGHT CONDITIONS
Authors: MOHAMMADI REZA , ETMINAN ALIREZA , SHOSHTARI LIA 
Published: May 2018

SUMMARYKnowledge of agro-physiological traits associated with drought tolerance would be useful for developing breeding materials for drought-prone environments. This study was conducted (i) to estimate genetic variability among 25 durum wheat genotypes in response to drought based on grain yield and 15 agro-physiological traits in single and multi-year trials; and (ii) to compare genotypes on the basis of multiple investigated traits using genotype by trait (GT) biplot technique and then recommend possible selection strategies. We found large genetic differences among durum wheat genotypes for agro-physiological traits in response to drought stress within and between single years, which revealed good promise in their further exploitation for selection in durum wheat breeding program. High broad-sense heritability and expected genetic advance as percent of mean observed in plant height (90.8%; 52.7%), grain yield (53.6%, 23.5%) and relative water loss (47.2%, 41.3%), respectively, indicated a major role of additive gene action. The results showed that the performance of genotypes was influenced by the year. The traits with high consistence across years were heading date, plant height and peduncle length. The potential quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and thousand-kernel weight (TKW) were positively associated with grain yield, while heading date, plant height and canopy temperature (CT) were negatively associated with grain yield under the drought conditions. In conclusion, based on across-year analyses, Fv/Fm, TKW, heading date, plant height and CT are the most promising traits for indirect selection.
Deference and Hierarchy in International Regime Complexes
Authors: Pratt Tyler 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHow do states resolve jurisdictional conflicts among international institutions? In many issue areas, global governance is increasingly fragmented among multiple international organizations (IOs). Existing work argues this fragmentation can undermine cooperation as different institutions adopt conflicting rules. However, this perspective overlooks the potential for interinstitutional coordination. I develop a theory ofinstitutional deference: the acceptance of another IO's exercise of authority. By accepting rules crafted in another IO, member states can mitigate rule conflict and facilitate a division of labor within the regime complex. I use an original data set of over 2,000 IO policy documents to describe patterns of deference in the counterterrorism, intellectual property, and election-monitoring regime complexes. Empirical tests support two theoretical claims. First, institutional deference is indeed associated with a division of labor among institutions: IOs that defer to each other are more likely to focus their rule-making efforts on separate subissues. Second, deference is a strategic act that is shaped both by efficiency concerns and power politics. Statistical tests confirm that deference is used to efficiently pool resources among disparate organizations, and that IOs with weaker member states tend to defer to organizations with more powerful members.
Theileria parvaantigens recognized by CD8+ T cells show varying degrees of diversity in buffalo-derived infected cell lines
Authors: Sitt Tatjana , Pelle Roger , Chepkwony Maurine , Morrison W. Ivan , Toye Philip 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe extent of sequence diversity among the genes encoding 10 antigens (Tp1–10) known to be recognized by CD8+T lymphocytes from cattle immune toTheileria parvawas analysed. The sequences were derived from parasites in 23 buffalo-derived cell lines, three cattle-derived isolates and one cloned cell line obtained from a buffalo-derived stabilate. The results revealed substantial variation among the antigens through sequence diversity. The greatest nucleotide and amino acid diversity were observed in Tp1, Tp2 and Tp9. Tp5 and Tp7 showed the least amount of allelic diversity, and Tp5, Tp6 and Tp7 had the lowest levels of protein diversity. Tp6 was the most conserved protein; only a single non-synonymous substitution was found in all obtained sequences. The ratio of non-synonymous: synonymous substitutions varied from 0.84 (Tp1) to 0.04 (Tp6). Apart from Tp2 and Tp9, we observed no variation in the other defined CD8+ T cell epitopes (Tp4, 5, 7 and 8), indicating that epitope variation is not a universal feature ofT. parvaantigens. In addition to providing markers that can be used to examine the diversity inT. parvapopulations, the results highlight the potential for using conserved antigens to develop vaccines that provide broad protection againstT. parva.
Structural covariance and cortical reorganisation in schizophrenia: a MRI-based morphometric study
Authors: Palaniyappan Lena , Hodgson Olha , Balain Vijender , Iwabuchi Sarina , Gowland Penny , Liddle Peter 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundIn patients with schizophrenia, distributed abnormalities are observed in grey matter volume. A recent hypothesis posits that these distributed changes are indicative of a plastic reorganisation process occurring in response to a functional defect in neuronal information transmission. We investigated the structural covariance across various brain regions in early-stage schizophrenia to determine if indeed the observed patterns of volumetric loss conform to a coordinated pattern of structural reorganisation.MethodsStructural magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained from 40 healthy adults and 41 age, gender and parental socioeconomic status matched patients with schizophrenia. Volumes of grey matter tissue were estimated at the regional level across 90 atlas-based parcellations. Group-level structural covariance was studied using a graph theoretical framework.ResultsPatients had distributed reduction in grey matter volume, with high degree of localised covariance (clustering) compared with controls. Patients with schizophrenia had reduced centrality of anterior cingulate and insula but increased centrality of the fusiform cortex, compared with controls. Simulating targeted removal of highly central nodes resulted in significant loss of the overall covariance patterns in patients compared with controls.ConclusionRegional volumetric deficits in schizophrenia are not a result of random, mutually independent processes. Our observations support the occurrence of a spatially interconnected reorganisation with the systematic de-escalation of conventional ‘hub’ regions. This raises the question of whether the morphological architecture in schizophrenia is primed for compensatory functions, albeit with a high risk of inefficiency.
Exercise effects on cognitive functioning in young adults with first-episode psychosis: FitForLife
Authors: Hallgren Mats , Skott Maria , Ekblom Örjan , Firth Joseph , Schembri Adrian , Forsell Yvonne 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundExercise has mood-enhancing effects and can improve cognitive functioning, but the effects in first-episode psychosis (FEP) remain understudied. We examined the feasibility and cognitive effects of exercise in FEP.MethodMulti-center, open-label intervention study. Ninety-one outpatients with FEP (mean age = 30 years, 65% male) received usual care plus a 12-week supervised circuit-training program, consisting of high-volume resistance exercises, aerobic training, and stretching. Primary study outcome was cognitive functioning assessed by Cogstate Brief Battery (processing speed, attention, visual learning, working memory) and Trailmaking A and B tasks (visual attention and task shifting). Within-group changes in cognition were assessed using paired sample t tests with effect sizes (Hedges’ g) reported for significant values. Relationships between exercise frequency and cognitive improvement were assessed using analysis of covariance. Moderating effects of gender were explored with stratified analyses.ResultsParticipants exercised on average 13.5 (s.d. = 11.7) times. Forty-eight percent completed 12 or more sessions. Significant post-intervention improvements were seen for processing speed, visual learning, and visual attention; all with moderate effect sizes (g = 0.47–0.49, p < 0.05). Exercise participation was also associated with a positive non-significant trend for working memory (p < 0.07). Stratified analyses indicated a moderating effect of gender. Positive changes were seen among females only for processing speed, visual learning, working memory, and visual attention (g = 0.43–0.69). A significant bivariate correlation was found between total training frequency and improvements in visual attention among males (r = 0.40, p < 0.05).ConclusionSupported physical exercise is a feasible and safe adjunct treatment for FEP with potential cognitive benefits, especially among females.
Common genetic contributions to high-risk trauma exposure and self-injurious thoughts and behaviors
Authors: Richmond-Rakerd Leah S. , Trull Timothy J. , Gizer Ian R. , McLaughlin Kristin , Scheiderer Emily M. , Nelson Elliot C. , Agrawal Arpana , Lynskey Michael T. , Madden Pamela A.F. , Heath Andrew C. , Statham Dixie J. , Martin Nicholas G. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundPrior research has documented shared heritable contributions to non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal ideation (SI) as well as NSSI and suicide attempt (SA). In addition, trauma exposure has been implicated in risk for NSSI and suicide. Genetically informative studies are needed to determine common sources of liability to all three self-injurious thoughts and behaviors, and to clarify the nature of their associations with traumatic experiences.MethodsMultivariate biometric modeling was conducted using data from 9526 twins [59% female, mean age = 31.7 years (range 24–42)] from two cohorts of the Australian Twin Registry, some of whom also participated in the Childhood Trauma Study and the Nicotine Addiction Genetics Project.ResultsThe prevalences of high-risk trauma exposure (HRT), NSSI, SI, and SA were 24.4, 5.6, 27.1, and 4.6%, respectively. All phenotypes were moderately to highly correlated. Genetic influences on self-injurious thoughts and behaviors and HRT were significant and highly correlated among men [rG= 0.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.37–0.81)] and women [rG= 0.56 (0.49–0.63)]. Unique environmental influences were modestly correlated in women [rE= 0.23 (0.01–0.45)], suggesting that high-risk trauma may confer some direct risk for self-injurious thoughts and behaviors among females.ConclusionsIndividuals engaging in NSSI are at increased risk for suicide, and common heritable factors contribute to these associations. Preventing trauma exposure may help to mitigate risk for self-harm and suicide, either directly or indirectly via reductions in liability to psychopathology more broadly. In addition, targeting pre-existing vulnerability factors could significantly reduce risk for life-threatening behaviors among those who have experienced trauma.
Treatments for bulimia nervosa: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Slade Eric , Keeney Edna , Mavranezouli Ifigeneia , Dias Sofia , Fou Linyun , Stockton Sarah , Saxon Leanne , Waller Glenn , Turner Hannah , Serpell Lucy , Fairburn Christopher G. , Kendall Tim 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundBulimia nervosa (BN) is a severe eating disorder that can be managed using a variety of treatments including pharmacological, psychological, and combination treatments. We aimed to compare their effectiveness and to identify the most effective for the treatment of BN in adults.MethodsA search was conducted in Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, and Central from their inception to July 2016. Studies were included if they reported on treatments for adults who fulfilled diagnostic criteria for BN. Only randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that examined available psychological, pharmacological, or combination therapies licensed in the UK were included. We conducted a network meta-analysis (NMA) of RCTs. The outcome analysed was full remission at the end of treatment.ResultsWe identified 21 eligible trials with 1828 participants involving 12 treatments, including wait list. The results of the NMA suggested that individual cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) (specific to eating disorders) was most effective in achieving remission at the end of treatment compared with wait list (OR 3.89, 95% CrI 1.19–14.02), followed by guided cognitive behavioural self-help (OR 3.81, 95% CrI 1.51–10.90). Inconsistency checks did not identify any significant inconsistency between the direct and indirect evidence.ConclusionsThe analysis suggested that the treatments that are most likely to achieve full remission are individual CBT (specific to eating disorders) and guided cognitive behavioural self-help, although no firm conclusions could be drawn due to the limited evidence base. There is a need for further research on the maintenance of treatment effects and the mediators of treatment outcome.
Faith and hope in situations of epistemic uncertainty
Authors: PALMQVIST CARL-JOHAN 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWhen it comes to religion, lack of conclusive evidence leads many reflective thinkers to embrace agnosticism. However, pure agnosticism does not necessarily have to be the final word; there are other attitudes one might reasonably adopt in a situation of epistemic uncertainty. This article concentrates on J. L. Schellenberg's proposal that non-doxastic propositional faith is available even when belief is unwarranted. Schellenberg's view is rejected since his envisaged notion of faith conflicts with important epistemic aims. Instead, it is suggested that a combination of hope and ‘occasional’ faith constitutes a substantive religious pro-attitude rationally available in situations of epistemic uncertainty.
Response to Wunder: objective probability, non-contingent theism, and the EAAN
Authors: HENDRICKS PERRY 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis article is a response to Tyler Wunder's ‘The modality of theism and probabilistic natural theology: a tension in Alvin Plantinga's philosophy’ (this journal). In his article, Wunder argues that if the proponent of the Evolutionary Argument Against Naturalism (EAAN) holds theism to be non-contingent and frames the argument in terms of objective probability, then the EAAN is either unsound or theism is necessarily false. I argue that a modest revision of the EAAN renders Wunder's objection irrelevant, and that this revision actually widens the scope of the argument.
Changing long-term care provision at the local level in times of austerity – a qualitative study
Authors: GORI CRISTIANO 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTIn the first decade of the century, long-term care (LTC) policies for dependent older people in Italy were improved with respect to both the availability of public funds and the quality of services. At the turn of the decade, however, cost-containment and austerity measures were imposed as an overall priority for the public sector and this goal also affected the LTC sector. This article explores the effects produced by cost-containment policies, which widened the gap between care needs and available public funding, on the provision of LTC services at the local level in Italy during the economic crisis. The study is based on 34 semi-structured interviews with services managers employed in Italy's publicly funded LTC system. Data were analysed with the framework analysis method and six cross-cutting thematic categories were identified that depict, according to the interviewees, the main transformations that occurred in the provision of LTC at the local level as a consequence of cost-containment policies. ‘Uncertainty’ refers to the inability to predict what direction the LTC system is going to take in the foreseeable future. ‘Short-termism’ illustrates the pressure to focus excessively on day-to-day service delivery at the expense of a medium- to long-term view of their future. ‘Endangering quality’ describes the risk of not being able to maintain the level of quality of care achieved so far. ‘Allocative tensions’ refers to the tensions due to the increasing requirement to ration the provision of public LTC services. ‘Unequal re-familiarisation’ represents the very different impacts of the trend of re-familiarisation depending on families’ financial situation. ‘Inappropriate care’ depicts the rising number of older people receiving public care interventions that are not appropriate to meet their needs.
Governing the ageing body: explicating the negotiation of ‘positive’ ageing in daily life
Authors: PACK RACHAEL , HAND CARRI , RUDMAN DEBBIE LALIBERTE , HUOT SUZANNE 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTPositive ageing discourses have proliferated in Western nations, forming key aspects of structured mandates for how to think about, and act towards, ageing bodies. As interpretive resources, positive ageing discourses shape how adults growing older think about themselves, their bodies and the bodies of others in relation to the process of ageing and the imperative to ‘age well’. Informed by governmentality, this paper considers how positive ageing discourses function as technologies of government to inform and direct conduct. Drawing on in-depth narrative data, this analysis traces how ageing citizens take up and negotiate positive ageing discourses in their everyday lives, drawing attention to the intensive work, inexorable focus on the body and numerous resources that the enactment of positive ageing requires. Specifically, this analysis illuminates the interplay between the lived experiences of ageing and the socio-culturally structured mandates that shape how ageing and ageing bodies are conceptualised and approached, and draws attention to the moments of tension that arise out of such interplay. We suggest that these moments of tension highlight how the bodywork practices that older adults rigorously and continuously engage in are not so much directed towards the pursuit of ageless ageing, but rather are a response to the inescapable threat of dependency, decline and loss of agency, and thus operate to affirm ageist underpinnings of positive ageing discourses.