bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Visual Analog Scale Scores in Pain Assessment during Pulpotomy using Different Injection Materials in Children Aged 6 to 8 and 8 to 10 Years
Authors: Alinejhad Donya , Bahrololoomi Zahra , Navabazam Alireza , Ali Asayesh M 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Aim
Proper anesthesia and pain management during treatment are most important concerns in dentistry for people of all ages, especially children. This study compared the success rate of lidocaine block with articaine buccal infiltration during anesthesia of the primary mandibular second molars in children aged 6 to 8 and 8 to 10 years.

Materials and methods
The present clinical trial was conducted on 40 children aged 6 to 8 and 8 to 10 years who were referred to the Department of Pediatrics of the Faculty of Dentistry at Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd (Islamic Republic of Iran) and needed to be treated with pulpotomy on both primary mandibular second molars. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. At the first session, a group received articaine buccal infiltration and the other group experienced inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) block. At the next visit, this trend was reversed. Visual analog scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the pain during pulpotomy.

Results
Data were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 17) software using Mann–Whitney test. According to the results of this test, the pain during pulpotomy was significantly lower in the articaine group (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Articaine buccal infiltration can be employed for pulpotomy treatment in primary mandibular second molars.

Clinical significance
This research will eliminate block injection of lidocaine in children and utilize infiltration of articaine for pulpotomy treatment of mandibular teeth, hence preventing lingual nerve damage and prolonging paresthesia of IAN, lip, and cheek bite due to IAN block anesthesia.

How to cite this article
Alinejhad D, Bahrololoomi Z, Navabazam A, Asayesh MA. Comparison of Visual Analog Scale Scores in Pain Assessment during Pulpotomy using Different Injection Materials in Children Aged 6 to 8 and 8 to 10 Years. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018;19(3):313-317.
Effect of Different Surface Treatments on Biaxial Flexural Strength of Yttria-stabilized Tetragonal Zirconia Polycrystal
Authors: Jain Teerthesh , Porwal Amit , Babu Sumanth , Khan Zahid A , Kaur Chandeep , Jain Ranu B 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
Introduction
Ceramics are widely applied in dentistry owing to their excellent mechanical and physical attributes. The most popular ceramics are Lava™, KaVo Everest, and Cercon. However, it is unclear whether or not a different surface treatment along with low-temperature aging and mechanical loading (ML) affects the physical properties of computer-aided design (CAD)/computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)-machined yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) ceramic.

Aim
The objective of this research was to assess the impact of various surface treatments as air-particle abrasion, ML, low-temperature degradation (LTD), and their cumulative effects on biaxial flexural properties of Y-TZP.

Materials and methods
Totally, 50 specimens were fabricated by CAD–CAM machining from Cercon® and divided into five groups following different surface treatments as control (C), air-particle abrasion (Si), ML, LTD, and cumulative treatment (CT) group. Results were investigated by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey honest significant difference (HSD) test.

Results
The highest biaxial flexural strength was observed in the Si group (950.2 ± 126.7 MPa), followed by the LTD group (861.3 ± 166.8 MPa), CT group (851.2 ± 126.5 MPa), and the least with ML (820 ± 110 MPa). A significant difference was observed in the two-way ANOVA test. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the control group consists of 100% tetragonal zirconia and the maximum amount of monoclinic phase was obtained after LTD.

Conclusion
No negative effect on biaxial flexural strength was observed; indeed, it increases the biaxial strength. Hence, these surface treatments can be done in routine clinical practice to improve the performance of ceramic restoration.

How to cite this article
Jain T, Porwal A, Babu S, Khan ZA, Kaur C, Jain RB. Effect of Different Surface Treatments on Biaxial Flexural Strength of Yttria-stabilized Tetragonal Zirconia Polycrystal. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018;19(3):318-323.
Quality of Life-related “Patient-reported Outcome Measures” in Oral Submucous Fibrosis Patients
Authors: Yuwanati Monal , Gondivkar Rima S 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTAimThe aim of this study was to explore the patients’ perspectives about the impact of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) on life quality.Materials and methodsThirty clinically diagnosed OSF patients with a wide degree of disease severity and diverse range of sociodemographic profile were included in this study. Fourteen participants were interviewed and four focus group discussions were conducted in nonclinical settings. The audio recordings were anonymized, transcribed, and translated in English from Marathi language. Data were analyzed using an in-depth narrative thematic analysis method.ResultsFour main themes evolved from the interviews: (1) discomfort and functional impairment; (2) psychological wellness; (3) physical wellness, and (4) social wellness. Majority of the participants discussed about discomfort and functional impairment. Participants also reported greater impact of OSF on psychological and social wellness.ConclusionThis study demonstrated the impact of OSF on different aspects of participant’s life. “Discomfort and functional impairment” was noticed to be the most recognized theme by our participants. However, OSF also has impacts on other important domains, namely psychological, social, and physical wellness.Clinical significanceThe patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure (PROM) reflects an integral aspect of general health and well-being and thus can be used to elucidate the impact of OSF on the quality of life (QoL) of affected individuals. These patients’ perspectives should be taken into consideration along with thorough clinical examination to decide and effectively manage the overall health care needs of the OSF patients.How to cite this articleGondivkar SM, Bhowate RR, Gadbail AR, Sarode SC, Gondivkar RS, Yuwanati M, Patil S. Quality of Life-related “Patient-reported Outcome Measures” in Oral Submucous Fibrosis Patients. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018;19(3):331-338.
Comparative Evaluation of Flexural Strength of Nano-zirconia-integrated Pressable Feldspathic and Lithium Disilicate Ceramics
Authors: Sasikala Chengalvarayan , Chander N Gopi 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTAimThe purpose of the study was to evaluate and compare the flexural strength of nano-reinforced zirconia feldspathic porcelain, lithium disilicate ceramics, and zirconia.Materials and methodsTen bar-shaped specimens of computer-aided design (CAD)/computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) zirconia, reinforced feldspathic porcelain, and reinforced lithium disilicate were fabricated in accordance to International Organization for Standardization (ISO 6872; n = 10). Feldspathic porcelain and lithium disilicate ceramic specimens were reinforced with 5, 10, 15, and 20% of zirconia nanoparticles through a customized technique. The specimens were subjected to three-point flexural strength test using universal testing machine (UTM) and examined for crack propagation using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). One­way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test were used to analyze the data (p < 0.05).ResultsThe flexural strength of feldsphatic porcelain increased with the increase in the concentration of zirconia particles. The mean flexural strength of 5, 10, 15, and 20% nano-zirconia-incorporated lithium disilicate was 93.8, 97.1, 100.6, and 100.8 MPa respectively, and was lower than the control group (221.7 MPa). A significant difference in the flexural strength was found with the incorporation of nano-zirconia particles.ConclusionThe flexural strength of zirconia-integrated feldspathic porcelain increased and lithium disilicate ceramics decreased with the nano-zirconia reinforcement.Clinical significanceThe simplified approach of reinforcing feldspathic porcelain with zirconia nanoparticles can be adapted in clinical situations of higher masticatory forces.How to cite this articleSasikala C, Chander NG. Comparative Evaluation of Flexural Strength of Nano-zirconia-integrated Pressable Feldspathic and Lithium Disilicate Ceramics. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018;19(3):339-344.
Tracking an atmospheric river in a warmer climate: from water vapor to economic impacts
Authors: Dominguez Francina , Dall'erba Sandy , Huang Shuyi , Avelino Andre , Mehran Ali , Hu Huancui , Schmidt Arthur , Schick Lawrence , Lettenmaier Dennis 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Atmospheric rivers (ARs) account for more than 75 % of heavy
precipitation events and nearly all of the extreme flooding events
along the Olympic Mountains and western Cascade Mountains of western
Washington state. In a warmer climate, ARs in this region are
projected to become more frequent and intense, primarily due to
increases in atmospheric water vapor. However, it is unclear how the
changes in water vapor transport will affect regional flooding and
associated economic impacts. In this work we present an integrated
modeling system to quantify the atmospheric–hydrologic–hydraulic and
economic impacts of the December 2007 AR event that impacted the
Chehalis River basin in western Washington. We use the modeling system
to project impacts under a hypothetical scenario in which the same
December 2007 event occurs in a warmer climate. This method allows us
to incorporate different types of uncertainty, including (a)
alternative future radiative forcings, (b) different responses of the
climate system to future radiative forcings and (c) different
responses of the surface hydrologic system. In the warming scenario,
AR integrated vapor transport increases; however, these changes do not
translate into generalized increases in precipitation throughout the
basin. The changes in precipitation translate into spatially
heterogeneous changes in sub-basin runoff and increased streamflow
along the entire Chehalis main stem. Economic losses due to stock
damages increase moderately, but losses in terms of business
interruption are significant. Our integrated modeling tool provides
communities in the Chehalis region with a range of possible future
physical and economic impacts associated with AR flooding.
Quantifying biostabilisation effects of biofilm-secreted and extracted extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) on sandy substrate
Authors: van de Lageweg Wietse I. , McLelland Stuart J. , Parsons Daniel R. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Microbial assemblages (“biofilms”) preferentially develop at
water–sediment interfaces and are known to have a considerable influence on
sediment stability and erodibility. There is potential for significant
impacts on sediment transport and morphodynamics, and hence on the
longer-term evolution of coastal and fluvial environments. However, the
biostabilisation effects remain poorly understood and quantified due to the
inherent complexity of biofilms and the large spatial and temporal (i.e.
seasonality) variations involved. Here, we use controlled laboratory tests to
systematically quantify the effects of natural biofilm colonisation as well
as extracted extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) on sediment stability.
Extracted EPSs may be useful to simulate biofilm-mediated biostabilisation
and potentially provide a method of speeding up timescales of physical
modelling experiments investigating biostabilisation effects. We find a mean
biostabilisation effect due to natural biofilm colonisation and development
of almost 4 times that of the uncolonised sand. The presented cumulative
probability distribution of measured critical threshold for erosion of
colonised sand reflects the large spatial and temporal variations generally
seen in natural biostabilised environments. For identical sand, engineered
sediment stability from the addition of extracted EPSs compares well across
the measured range of the critical threshold for erosion and behaves in a
linear and predictable fashion. Yet, the effectiveness of extracted EPSs to
stabilise sediment is sensitive to the preparation procedure, time after
application and environmental conditions such as salinity, pH and
temperature. These findings are expected to improve biophysical experimental
models in fluvial and coastal environments and provide much-needed
quantification of biostabilisation to improve predictions of sediment
dynamics in aquatic ecosystems.
Overview of experiment design and comparison of models participating in phase 1 of the SPARC Quasi-Biennial Oscillation initiative (QBOi)
Authors: Butchart Neal , Anstey James A. , Hamilton Kevin , Osprey Scott , McLandress Charles , Bushell Andrew C. , Kawatani Yoshio , Kim Young-Ha , Lott Francois , Scinocca John , Stockdale Timothy N. , Andrews Martin , Bellprat Omar , Braesicke Peter , Cagnazzo Chiara , Chen Chih-Chieh , Chun Hye-Yeong , Dobrynin Mikhail , Garcia Rolando R. , Garcia-Serrano Javier , Gray Lesley J. , Holt Laura , Kerzenmacher Tobias , Naoe Hiroaki , Pohlmann Holger , Richter Jadwiga H. , Scaife Adam A. , Schenzinger Verena , Serva Federico , Versick Stefan , Watanabe Shingo , Yoshida Kohei , Yukimoto Seiji 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The Stratosphere–troposphere Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC) Quasi-Biennial Oscillation initiative (QBOi) aims to improve the fidelity of tropical stratospheric variability in general circulation and Earth system models by conducting coordinated numerical experiments and analysis. In the equatorial stratosphere, the QBO is the most conspicuous mode of variability. Five coordinated experiments have therefore been designed to (i) evaluate and compare the verisimilitude of modelled QBOs under present-day conditions, (ii) identify robustness (or alternatively the spread and uncertainty) in the simulated QBO response to commonly imposed changes in model climate forcings (e.g. a doubling of CO2 amounts), and (iii) examine model dependence of QBO predictability. This paper documents these experiments and the recommended output diagnostics. The rationale behind the experimental design and choice of diagnostics is presented. To facilitate scientific interpretation of the results in other planned QBOi studies, consistent descriptions of the models performing each experiment set are given, with those aspects particularly relevant for simulating the QBO tabulated for easy comparison.
Diseño de packaging. Una aproximación sistémica a un artefacto complejo
Authors: Ciravegna Erik 
Published: March 2018

El packaging es un artefacto complejo, que con el tiempo ha ampliado considerablemente sus funciones. Es un objeto de uso (prótesis instrumental), que permite contener un producto, protegerlo, almacenarlo, transportarlo, y al mismo tiempo, favorecer su interacción física con el usuario. Además es un dispositivo de comunicación (prótesis comunicativa), caracterizado por funciones de tipo apelativo, persuasivo, informativo, prescriptivo, entre otros.
Por su naturaleza multifacética, el proyecto de un envase requiere diferentes habilidades y la intervención de múltiples disciplinas: un packaging, por lo tanto, debe entenderse como el resultado de un conjunto integrado de elecciones realizadas por una pluralidad de actores que desempeñan, cada uno, un rol específico –directo o indirecto– en su definición. Dichos actores, junto con las relaciones que entre ellos se establecen a lo largo del ciclo de vida del producto, conforman el llamado “sistema-packaging”.
Dentro de este sistema, el Diseño –y específicamente el Diseño de comunicación– juega un papel relevante de dirección y mediación, capaz de dar forma a través de la síntesis proyectual a soluciones que sean expresión de la confluencia de las necesidades de las distintas partes implicadas y las múltiples funciones del artefacto, conectando la dimensión comunicativa a la dimensión más estrictamente prestacional y operativa.
Molecular Pathology of Lung Cancer Cytology Specimens: A Concise Review
Authors: Jain Deepali , Roy-Chowdhuri Sinchita 
Published: March 2018

Context.—There has been a paradigm shift in the understanding of molecular pathogenesis of lung cancer. A number of oncogenic drivers have been identified in non–small cell lung carcinoma, such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangement. Because of the clinical presentation at an advanced stage of disease in non-small cell lung carcinoma patients, the use of minimally invasive techniques is preferred to obtain a tumor sample for diagnosis. These techniques include image-guided biopsies and fine-needle aspirations, and frequently the cytology specimen may be the only tissue sample available for the diagnosis and molecular testing for these patients.Objective.—To review the current literature and evaluate the role of cytology specimens in lung cancer mutation testing. We reviewed the types of specimens received in the laboratory, specimen processing, the effect of preanalytic factors on downstream molecular studies, and the commonly used molecular techniques for biomarker testing in lung cancer.Data Sources.—PubMed and Google search engines were used to review the published literature on the topic.Conclusions.—Mutation testing is feasible on a variety of cytologic specimen types and preparations. However, a thorough understanding of the cytology workflow for the processing of samples and appropriate background knowledge of the molecular tests are necessary for triaging, and optimum use of these specimens is necessary to guide patient management.
Characteristics of Plantar Pressures and Related Pain Profiles in Elite Sprinters and Recreational Runners
Authors: Chow Tong-Hsien , Chen Yih-Shyuan , Wang Jia-Chang 
Published: March 2018

Background:Plantar pressure measurement is effective for assessing plantar loading and can be applied to evaluating foot performance. We sought to explore the characteristics of plantar pressures in elite sprinters and recreational runners during static standing and walking.Methods:Arch index (AI) values, regional plantar pressure distributions (PPDs), and footprint characteristics were examined in 80 elite sprinters and 90 recreational runners using an optical plantar pressure measurement system. Elite sprinters' pain profiles were examined to evaluate their most common pain areas.Results:In recreational runners, AI values in males were in the normal range and in females were high arch type. The AI values were significantly lower in elite sprinters than in recreational runners. In elite sprinters, particularly males, the static PPD of both feet was higher at the medial metatarsal bone and the lateral heel and lower at the medial and lateral longitudinal arches. Elite male sprinters' PPD of both feet was mainly transferred to the medial metatarsal bone and decreased at the lateral longitudinal arch and the medial heel during the midstance phase of walking. The lateral knee joint and biceps femoris were the most common sites of musculoskeletal pain in elite sprinters.Conclusions:Elite sprinters' AI values could be classified as high arches, and their PPD tended to parallel the features of runners and high-arched runners. These findings correspond to the profile of patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS)–related plantar pressure. The pain profiles seemed to resonate with the symptoms of high-arched runners and PFPS. A possible link between high-arched runners and PFPS warrants further study.
Optimum Screw Configuration for the Fixation of Sanders Type IIC Tongue-Type Fractures?
Authors: Bacaksız Tayfun , Kazimoglu Cemal , Reisoglu Ali , Turgut Ali , Kumtepe Erdem , Agus Haluk 
Published: March 2018

Background:The minimally invasive technique (percutaneous screw fixation) is one of the options for treating tongue-type IIC fractures successfully. The aim of this study was to assess the biomechanics of four different screw configurations used for the fixation of tongue-type IIC calcaneal fractures.Methods:Identical osteotomies, recapitulating a type IIC injury, were created in synthetic calcaneus specimens using a saw. The specimens were randomly assigned to one of the four fixation groups (n = 7 per group): two divergent screws, two parallel screws, two parallel screws plus one screw axially oriented toward the sustentaculum tali, and three parallel screws. A load test was performed on all of the groups, and the specimens were then tested using offset axial loading until 2, 4, and 5 mm of fracture displacement occurred.Results:Mean force values for the three–parallel screw construct at 2-, 4-, and 5-mm fracture displacements were found to be significantly higher compared with those for the other groups.Conclusions:The use of a three–parallel screw construct seems to provide more stability in the treatment of tongue-type IIC fractures.
pcr: an R package for quality assessment, analysis and testing of qPCR data
Authors: Ahmed Mahmoud , Kim Deok Ryong 
Published: March 2018

Background
Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) is a broadly used technique in the biomedical research. Currently, few different analysis models are used to determine the quality of data and to quantify the mRNA level across the experimental conditions.

Methods
We developed an R package to implement methods for quality assessment, analysis and testing qPCR data for statistical significance. Double Delta CT and standard curve models were implemented to quantify the relative expression of target genes from CT in standard qPCR control-group experiments. In addition, calculation of amplification efficiency and curves from serial dilution qPCR experiments are used to assess the quality of the data. Finally, two-group testing and linear models were used to test for significance of the difference in expression control groups and conditions of interest.

Results
Using two datasets from qPCR experiments, we applied different quality assessment, analysis and statistical testing in the pcr package and compared the results to the original published articles. The final relative expression values from the different models, as well as the intermediary outputs, were checked against the expected results in the original papers and were found to be accurate and reliable.

Conclusion
The pcr package provides an intuitive and unified interface for its main functions to allow biologist to perform all necessary steps of qPCR analysis and produce graphs in a uniform way.