bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complications and Economic Burden Associated With Obtaining Tissue for Diagnosis and Molecular Analysis in Patients With Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer in the United States
Authors: Kelly Ronan J. , Turner Ralph , Chen Yen-Wen , Rigas James R. , Fernandes Ancilla W. , Karve Sudeep 
Published: June 2019

PURPOSE: With an increase in biomarker-directed therapies, tissue biopsy to identify targetable genomic and immunologic alterations has become the mainstay of managing patients with non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, little is known about the associated economic impact and complication rate. This study assesses the frequency, complications, and costs of diagnostic and postprogression biopsy. METHODS: This retrospective, observational study was conducted using administrative claims data from more than 30 million commercially insured individuals in the United States (2006 to 2014). Data were analyzed for the overall population and by time of biopsy (diagnostic or postprogression biopsy). RESULTS: Of 20,013 eligible patients, 13,411 (67%) received a diagnostic biopsy, whereas only 2,056 (10%) received a postprogression biopsy (mean cost, $9,977 and $16,806, respectively). Complication rates were similar at diagnosis and after progression, on the day of biopsy (10% v 7%, respectively) and within 30 days (63% v 61%, respectively). Mean costs were higher among patients with a complication compared with those without a complication on the day of biopsy (diagnostic biopsy, $12,030 v $6,508, respectively; postprogression biopsy, $22,593 v $7,812, respectively), within 7 days of biopsy (diagnostic biopsy, $13,657 v $7,765, respectively; postprogression biopsy, $23,969 v $8,932, respectively), and within 30 days of biopsy (diagnostic biopsy, $24,968 v $15,988, respectively; postprogression biopsy, $30,293 v $12,494, respectively; P < .001 for all comparisons). CONCLUSION: From 2006 to 2014, postprogression biopsies were not common practice in NSCLC. Complication rates were similar at diagnosis and after progression, with mean costs higher among patients with a complication than those without a complication. With increasing demands for effective novel targeted therapies and safe testing methods, these data may be valuable in determining the budget impact and comparing complication rates with newer, less invasive molecular testing methods, including plasma circulating tumor DNA testing.
Development of Fullerene Thin-Film Assemblies and Fullerene-Diamine Adducts towards Practical Nanocarbon-Based Electronic Materials
Authors: Akiyama Tsuyoshi 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Fullerenes are attractive spherical aromatic molecules with good electron acceptor capabilities and good utility as an n-type organic semiconductor. By using a fullerene-amine addition reaction, it was possible to fabricate ultrathin-film assemblies of fullerene on the surface of substrates, which were confirmed by photoelectric conversion applications. Addition reactions between fullerenes and primary aliphatic diamines can also occur to form insoluble adduct particles consisting of fullerenes and diamines. In one example, C60-ethylenediamine adduct particles can be solubilized by addition of alkylacid chloride to residual amino groups of the adducts. Spin-coated or dip-coated thin-films of C60-ethylenediamine adducts from their solutions are useful as n-type organic semiconductors which was confirmed with solar cell application. In this account, the history of the fabrication and application of fullerene thin-film assemblies and fullerene-diamine adducts using the fullerene-amine addition reaction is introduced and summarized from the early studies to more recent developments.
Two-Way Chromic Systems Based on Tetraarylanthraquinodimethanes: Electrochromism in Solution and Mechanofluorochromism in a Solid State
Authors: Ishigaki Yusuke , Sugawara Kazuma , Yoshida Masaki , Kato Masako , Suzuki Takanori 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Tetraarylanthraquinodimethane derivatives 1 with butterfly-shaped folded structures and the corresponding dications 12+ with twisted conformations can undergo interconversion upon two-electron transfer, which is accompanied by a drastic color change. While reversible electrochromic behavior occurs in solution, electron donors 1 exhibit fluorescence only in the solid state. The emission color changed upon grinding as-synthesized samples of 1, and the original emission color was recovered by a dissolving-drying process. Such mechanofluorochromic behavior can be accounted for by the results of powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), for which as-synthesized crystalline sample was transformed into an amorphous state after grinding. Thus, the title electron donors 1 provided two-way chromic systems exhibiting electrochromism in solution as well as mechanofluorochromism in a solid state.
Pragmatic Home-Based Exercise after Total Hip Arthroplasty - Silkeborg: Protocol for a prospective cohort study (PHETHAS-1)
Authors: Mikkelsen Lone Ramer , Madsen Merete Nørgaard , Rathleff Michael Skovdal , Thorborg Kristian , Rossen Camilla Blach , Kallemose Thomas , Bandholm Thomas 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Rehabilitation exercises are offered to patients after total hip arthroplasty (THA); however, the effectiveness and optimal type and dose of exercise remains unknown. The primary objective of this trial is to indicate the preliminary efficacy of home-based rehabilitation using elastic band exercise on performance-based function after THA, based on the relationship between the performed exercise dose and the change in performance-based function (gait speed) from 3 (start of intervention) to 10 weeks (end of intervention) after surgery. The secondary objective is to investigate if a dose-response relationship exists between the performed exercise dose and changes in: hip-related disability, lower-extremity functional performance, and hip muscle strength Methods: In this prospective cohort study, patients scheduled for THA will be consecutively included until 88 have completed the intervention period from 3 to 10 weeks postoperatively. Participants perform the standard rehabilitation program with elastic band exercises. Exercise dose (exposure) will be objectively quantified using a sensor attached to the elastic band. The primary outcome is gait speed measured by the 40-m fast-paced walk test. Secondary outcomes include: patient reported hip disability (Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS)), hip muscle strength (hand-held dynamometry) and lower extremity function (30-s chair stand test). Discussion: This trial will add knowledge concerning the relationship between performed exercise dose and post-operative outcomes after THA. The protocol paper describes the study design and methods in detail, including the statistical analysis plan. Trial registration: Pre-registered on March 27, 2017 at ClinicalTrails.gov (ID: NCT03109821).
Sensitivity Analysis of Evolutionary Algorithm for Software Reusability
Authors: Rathee Amit , Chhabra Jitender Kumar 
Published: June 2019

Fast and competitive software industry demands rapid development using Component Based Software Development (CBSD). CBSD is dependent on the availability of the high-quality reusable component libraries. Recently, evolutionary multi-objective optimization algorithms have been used to identify sets of reusable software components from the source-code of Object Oriented (OO) software, using different quality indicators (e.g. cohesion, coupling, etc.). Sometimes, these used quality indicators are quite sensitive towards the small variations in their values, although they should not be. Therefore, this paper analyzes the sensitivity of the evolutionary technique for three quality indicators used during the identification: Frequent Usage Pattern (FUP), Semantic and evolutionary coupling. The sensitivity analysis is performed on three widely used open-source OO software. The experimentation is performed by mutating the system to different degrees. Results of the empirical analysis indicate that the semantic parameter is most sensitive and important. Ignoring this feature highly degrades the quality; FUP relation is uniformly sensitive and evolutionary relations's sensitivity is non-uniform.
Modeling CBR Value using RF and M5P Techniques
Authors: Suthar Manju , Aggarwal Praveen 
Published: June 2019

Two modeling techniques namely (i) Random forest (RF) and (ii) M5P model tree are used to model, soaked California bearing ratio (CBR) value of thermal power plant generated stabilized pond ash. Pond ash was stabilized with the help of commercially available lime and industrial waste lime sludge. CBR data generated from exhaustive experimental programme was used in the study. Variations in doses of stabilizer i.e. lime (L) and lime sludge (LS), curing duration (CP) and proctor test results density (MDD) & moisture (OMC) are considered as input variables. Experimentally observed CBR value was used as output variable. Performance of models was measured using standard statistical parameters. Although, both the model’s performance in predicting CBR value is satisfactory however from the statistical parameters it is evident that RF method perform better in comparison to M5P model. Sensitivity analyses identify CP as the most influencing factor that affects CBR value of the stabilized pond ash.
Multicenter Evaluation of Circulating Plasma MicroRNA Extraction Technologies for the Development of Clinically Feasible Reverse Transcription Quantitative PCR and Next-Generation Sequencing Analytical Work Flows
Authors: Kloten Vera , Neumann Martin H D , Di Pasquale Francesca , Sprenger-Haussels Markus , Shaffer Jonathan M , Schlumpberger Martin , Herdean Andrei , Betsou Fay , Ammerlaan Wim , af Hällström Taija , Serkkola Elina , Forsman Tarja , Lianidou Evi , Sjöback Robert , Kubista Mikael , Bender Sebastian , Lampignano Rita , Krahn Thomas , Schlange Thomas ,   for the CANCER-ID consortium
Published: June 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
In human body fluids, microRNA (miRNA) can be found as circulating cell-free miRNA (cfmiRNA), as well as secreted into extracellular vesicles (EVmiRNA). miRNAs are being intensively evaluated as minimally invasive liquid biopsy biomarkers in patients with cancer. The growing interest in developing clinical assays for circulating miRNA necessitates careful consideration of confounding effects of preanalytical and analytical parameters.

METHODS
By using reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR and next-generation sequencing (NGS), we compared extraction efficiencies of 5 different protocols for cfmiRNA and 2 protocols for EVmiRNA isolation in a multicentric manner. The efficiency of the different extraction methods was evaluated by measuring exogenously spiked cel-miR-39 and 6 targeted miRNAs in plasma from 20 healthy individuals.

RESULTS
There were significant differences between the tested methods. Although column-based extraction methods were highly effective for the isolation of endogenous miRNA, phenol extraction combined with column-based miRNA purification and ultracentrifugation resulted in lower quality and quantity of isolated miRNA. Among all extraction methods, the ubiquitously expressed miR-16 was represented with high abundance when compared with other targeted miRNAs. In addition, the use of miR-16 as an endogenous control for normalization of quantification cycle values resulted in a decreased variability of column-based cfmiRNA extraction methods. Cluster analysis of normalized NGS counts clearly indicated a method-dependent bias.

CONCLUSIONS
The choice of plasma miRNA extraction methods affects the selection of potential miRNA marker candidates and mechanistic interpretation of results, which should be done with caution, particularly across studies using different protocols.
Взаимоотношения церковных и светских властей в Сибири XVII столетия в трудах Н.Н. Оглоблина
Authors: Силаева Ирина Александровна 
Published: June 2019

Известный российский историк и архивист конца XIX — начала XX в. Н.Н. Оглоблин по ряду документов архива Сибирского приказа в статье «Дело о самовольном приезде в Москву тобольского архиепископа Симеона, в 1661 г.» и третьей части фундаментального труда «Обозрение столбцов и книг Сибирского приказа (1592-1768 гг.)» проанализировал обстоятельства многочисленных конфликтов между несколькими представителями воеводской и архиерейской властей в Азиатской России XVII столетия. Особенно острыми такие конфликты были при архиепископе Симеоне и управлявшими в то время Тобольским разрядом стольником князем А.И. Буйносовым-Ростовским и боярином князем И.А. Хилковым.
Причинами вражды Н.Н. Оглоблин считал злоупотребления воевод, прежде всего их действия, направленные на подчинение духовной власти светской.
Как выяснил ученый, архиепископ Симеон самовольно, не получив на то обязательного разрешения царя Алексея Михайловича, посетил Москву, чтобы разоблачить произвол тобольских воевод, прежде всего боярина князя И.А. Хилкова. Святитель, получив всего одну аудиенцию у государя, добился лишь удовлетворения просьб относительно материального обеспечения Софийского дома и возврата крестьян на принадлежавшие ему земли.
По данным историка, хотя тобольские архиепископы, особенно Симеон, обращались к государю с челобитными, чтобы доказать свою правоту в спорах с воеводами и ограничить своеволие разрядных администраторов, зачастую жалобы владык оставались безрезультатными из-за отсутствия у них покровителей в Москве, а также политики верховной власти, все более, главным образом с середины XVII в., пытавшейся расширить прерогативы своих наместников в Сибири.
Effectiveness of force dynamic explanations of English causative verbs and the role of imagery
Authors: Mueller Charles M. , Tsushima Yasuhiro 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe current study examines the effectiveness of a CL-based force dynamic (FD) lesson relative to a more conventional approach that seeks to convey the target semantics through corresponding L1 forms. Exp. 1 (N=67) examined Japanese EFL students’ acquisition of the English verbsforce, get, have, help, let, make, andprevent, comparing the effectiveness of force dynamic explanations with dynamic diagrams and a translation-based approach. Both groups showed significant learning on both the posttest and delayed posttest, but the FD group’s greater gains over the conventional instruction on both the posttest and delayed posttest did not reach significance. Exp. 2 (N=97) replicated most of the Exp. 1 conditions but with a slightly altered instructional format to ensure participant’s focus on force dynamic relationships. The FD group’s greater gains on a posttest given three weeks following instruction fell short of statistical significance. Exp. 3 (N=54) compared the effectiveness of a FD lesson using dynamic images with a lesson without such images and found no significant differences between the groups. The three experiments demonstrate that CL-based instruction on force dynamics provides a viable alternative to conventional instruction in which target semantics are conveyed through translation.
Public television and anti-immigrant sentiments in Europe. A multilevel analysis of patterns in television consumption
Authors: Jacobs Laura , Hooghe Marc 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMass media have been accused of cultivating anti-immigrant sentiments in Western societies. Most studies on this topic, however, have not made a distinction between the types of television program (information vs. entertainment) or television station (public vs. commercial). Adopting a comparative approach, we use data from the six waves of the European Social Survey (ESS, 2002–2012, n = 162,987) to assess the relationship between individual and aggregate level patterns of television consumption and anti-immigrant sentiments in European societies. Individual television viewing time is positively associated with anti-immigrant sentiments, while frequent exposure to news and information programs is associated with lower levels of anti-immigrant sentiments. At the aggregate level we observe a positive effect of the total viewing time in society on anti-immigrant sentiments. In the conclusion we offer some suggestions on how this effect could be explained.
Labeling for linearization
Authors: Takita Kensuke 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe primary goal of the present paper is to argue for the hypothesis that labeling is required for linearization, which is calledLabeling for Linearization(LfL). To achieve this goal, it is first argued that labels are not necessary for semantic interpretation. It is then proposed that labels are necessary for linearization at the PF-interface in that they serve as a device to encode structural asymmetries that are employed to determine precedence relations, which are asymmetric as well. It is also shown thatLfLcan remove several problems of the original labeling framework. Building on the idea that Spell-Out applies to the whole phase but not its subpart, it is illustrated that theLfL-based analysis can solve the problem concerning the variable ways of applying Spell-Out, which arises in the standard phase theory. Extending theLfL-based framework to Japanese, a novel analysis of particle-stranding ellipsis is also proposed. Incorporating some insights of recent approaches that particle-stranding ellipsis arises through a PF-deletion process, it is shown that the proposed analysis based onLfLoffers a theoretically more suitable characterization of the PF-deletion process. In this way, the present article contributes to not only sharpening the core theoretical notions regarding structure building and linearization in terms of labeling but also deepening our understanding of the structure of Japanese.
C-reactive protein (CRP) promotes malignant properties in pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms
Authors: Schimmack Simon , Yang Yongchao , Felix Klaus , Herbst Markus , Li Yixiong , Schenk Miriam , Bergmann Frank , Hackert Thilo , Strobel Oliver 
Published: June 2019

Objective
Elevated pre-operative C-reactive protein (CRP) serum values have been reported to be associated with poor overall survival for patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNEN). The aim of this study was to identify mechanisms linking CRP to poor prognosis in pNEN.

Methods
The malignant properties of pNENs were investigated using the human pNEN cell-lines BON1 and QGP1 exposed to CRP or IL-6. Analyses were performed by ELISA, Western blot, flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry as well as invasion and proliferation assays. To compare cytokine profiles and CRP levels, 76 serum samples of pNEN patients were analyzed using Luminex technology. In parallel, the expression of CRP and growth signaling pathway proteins was assessed on cell lines and paraffin-embedded primary pNEN.

Results
In BON1 and QGP1 cells, inflammation (exposure to IL-6) significantly upregulated CRP expression and secretion as well as migratory properties. CRP stimulation of BON1 cells increased IL-6 secretion and invasion. This was accompanied by activation/phosphorylation of the ERK, AKT and/or STAT3 pathways. Although known CRP receptors – CD16, CD32 and CD64 – were not detected on BON1 cells, CRP uptake of pNEN cells was shown after CRP exposure. In patients, increased pre-operative CRP levels (≥5 mg/L) were associated with significantly higher serum levels of IL-6 and G-CSF, as well as with an increased CRP expression and ERK/AKT/STAT3 phosphorylation in pNEN tissue.

Conclusion
The malignant properties of pNEN cells can be stimulated by CRP and IL-6 promoting ERK/AKT/STAT pathways activation as well as invasion, thus linking systemic inflammation and poor prognosis.
The neuropeptide 26RFa in the human gut and pancreas: potential involvement in glucose homeostasis
Authors: Prévost Gaëtan , Picot Marie , Le Solliec Marie-Anne , Arabo Arnaud , Berrahmoune Hind , El Mehdi Mouna , Cherifi Saloua , Benani Alexandre , Nédélec Emmanuelle , Gobet Françoise , Brunel Valéry , Leprince Jérôme , Lefebvre Hervé , Anouar Youssef , Chartrel Nicolas 
Published: June 2019

Objective
Recent studies performed in mice revealed that the neuropeptide 26RFa regulates glucose homeostasis by acting as an incretin and by increasing insulin sensitivity. However, in humans, an association between 26RFa and the regulation of glucose homeostasis is poorly documented. In this study, we have thus investigated in detail the distribution of 26RFa and its receptor, GPR103, in the gut and the pancreas, and determined the response of this peptidergic system to an oral glucose challenge in obese patients.

Design and methods
Distribution of 26RFa and GPR103 was examined by immunohistochemistry using gut and pancreas tissue sections. Circulating 26RFa was determined using a specific radioimmunoassay in plasma samples collected during an oral glucose tolerance test.

Results
26RFa and GPR103 are present all along the gut but are more abundant in the stomach and duodenum. In the stomach, the peptide and its receptor are highly expressed in the gastric glands, whereas in the duodenum, ileum and colon they are present in the enterocytes and the goblet cells. In the pancreatic islets, the 26RFa/GPR103 system is mostly present in the β cells. During an oral glucose tolerance test, plasma 26RFa profile is different between obese patients and healthy volunteers, and we found strong positive correlations between 26RFa blood levels and the BMI, and with various parameters of insulin secretion and insulin resistance.

Conclusion
The present data suggest an involvement of the 26RFa/GPR103 peptidergic system in the control of human glucose homeostasis.
Cyproterone acetate or spironolactone in lowering testosterone concentrations for transgender individuals receiving oestradiol therapy
Authors: Angus Lachlan , Leemaqz Shalem , Ooi Olivia , Cundill Pauline , Silberstein Nicholas , Locke Peter , Zajac Jeffrey D , Cheung Ada S 
Published: June 2019

Background
Oestradiol with or without an anti-androgen (cyproterone acetate or spironolactone) is commonly prescribed in transfeminine individuals who have not had orchidectomy; however, there is no evidence to guide optimal treatment choice.

Objective
We aimed to compare add-on cyproterone acetate versus spironolactone in lowering endogenous testosterone concentrations in transfeminine individuals.

Design
Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Methods
We analysed 114 transfeminine individuals who had been on oestradiol therapy for >6 months in two gender clinics in Melbourne, Australia. Total testosterone concentrations were compared between three groups; oestradiol alone (n = 21), oestradiol plus cyproterone acetate (n = 21) and oestradiol plus spironolactone (n = 38). Secondary outcomes included serum oestradiol concentration, oestradiol valerate dose, blood pressure, serum potassium, urea and creatinine.

Results
Median age was 27.0 years (22.5–45.1) and median duration of hormone therapy was 1.5 years (0.9–2.6), which was not different between groups. On univariate analysis, the cyproterone group had significantly lower total testosterone concentrations (0.8 nmol/L (0.6–1.20)) compared with the spironolactone group (2.0 nmol/L (0.9–9.4), P = 0.037) and oestradiol alone group (10.5 nmol/L (4.9–17.2), P < 0.001), which remained significant (P = 0.005) after adjustments for oestradiol concentration, dose and age. Serum urea was higher in the spironolactone group compared with the cyproterone group. No differences were observed in total daily oestradiol dose, blood pressure, serum oestradiol, potassium or creatinine.

Conclusions
The cyproterone group achieved serum total testosterone concentrations in the female reference range. As spironolactone may cause feminisation without inhibition of steroidogenesis, it is unclear which anti-androgen is more effective at feminisation. Further prospective studies are required.