bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Concept of ‘Community of Common Destiny’ in China's Diplomacy: Meaning, Motives and Implications
Authors: Zhang Denghua 
Published: April 2018

Abstract‘Community of common destiny’, a new concept in China's diplomacy, has been increasingly used by the Chinese government, especially President Xi Jinping, on international occasions. Given the paucity of academic research on the concept, this paper aims to fill the gap and examine three aspects: meaning, motives and implications. Building upon the author's long observation of China's foreign policy, the paper argues that this concept of ‘community of common destiny’ is vague in meaning and loosely used by China. While initially proposed by China to mend ties with neighbouring states in the context of escalating territorial disputes, the concept constitutes part of China's long‐term strategy to maintain a peaceful ‘period of strategic opportunity’ in the first two to three decades of the 21st century to further develop itself. However, the ambiguity of the concept poses a main challenge for China to promote the acceptance of this concept by the developing world, let alone developed countries. This process demands more transparency, commitment and concrete actions from China.
Study of Normal and Abnormal Prenatal Development Using the Kyoto Collection of Human Embryos
Authors: Shiota Kohei 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTFour topics on normal and abnormal human prenatal development are briefly reviewed. These studies were made possible by using the Kyoto Collection of Human Embryos, the largest collection of human embryo specimens procured after therapeutic abortion. The topics discussed include: (1) variability of human embryo development and implications for clinical teratology, (2) abnormal development in human embryos and intrauterine fate of human conceptuses, (3) holoprosencephaly, and (4) maternal hyperthermia in early pregnancy and birth defects. Anat Rec, 301:955–959, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cranial Pair 0: The Nervus Terminalis
Authors: Peña‐Melián Ángel , Cabello‐de la Rosa Juan Pablo , Gallardo‐Alcañiz Maria José , Vaamonde‐Gamo Julia , Relea‐Calatayud Fernanda , González‐López Lucía , Villanueva‐Anguita Patricia , Flores‐Cuadrado Alicia , Saiz‐Sánchez Daniel , Martínez‐Marcos Alino 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTOriginally discovered in elasmobranchs by Fritsh in 1878, the nervus terminalis has been found in virtually all species, including humans. After more than one‐century debate on its nomenclature, it is nowadays recognized as cranial pair zero. The nerve mostly originates in the olfactory placode, although neural crest contribution has been also proposed. Developmentally, the nervus terminalis is clearly observed in human embryos; subsequently, during the fetal period loses some of its ganglion cells, and it is less recognizable in adults. Fibers originating in the nasal cavity passes into the cranium through the middle area of the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone. Intracranially, fibers joint the telencephalon at several sites including the olfactory trigone and the primordium of the hippocampus to reach preoptic and precommissural regions. The nervus terminalis shows ganglion cells, that sometimes form clusters, normally one or two located at the base of the crista galli, the so‐called ganglion of the nervus terminalis. Its function is uncertain. It has been described that its fibers facilitates migration of luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone cells to the hypothalamus thus participating in the development of the hypothalamic–gonadal axis, which alteration may provoke Kallmann's syndrome in humans. This review summarizes current knowledge on this structure, incorporating original illustrations of the nerve at different developmental stages, and focuses on its anatomical and clinical relevance. Anat Rec, 302:394–404, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Postmigratory Alar Topography of Visceral Cranial Nerve Efferents Challenges the Classical Model of Hindbrain Columns
Authors: Puelles Luis , Tvrdik Petr , Martínez‐de‐la‐torre Margaret 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTThe classic columnar model of cranial nerve central representation assumes that all motor and sensory hindbrain neurons develop within four radial migration domains, held to be separated by a sulcal alar–basal boundary (sulcus limitans). This essay reviews a number of developmental data that challenge these concepts. These results are interpreted within the framework of present day neuromeric conception of the brainstem (the prosomeric model). Advances in dorsoventral patterning of the spinal cord and hindbrain now show that there exist up to eight alar microzones and five basal microzones (molecularly and histogenetically distinct longitudinal progenitor domains). This reveals that the classic tetracolumnar model is excessively simplistic. There is both older and recent data revealing that the visceral efferent neurons of the cranial nerves (preganglionic and branchiomotor neurons) are generated next to the floor plate and later migrate dorsalwards before adopting their final topography in the mantle, contrary to the purely radial migration assumed in the classic model. Moreover, various results support the conclusion that at least the branchiomotor neurons end their migration and mature within the alar region of the mantle. Evidence on this point obtained in chick embryos is reviewed in detail, and novel evidence in mouse embryos is presented. Anat Rec, 302:485–504, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dinuclear Dy2 Single‐Molecule Magnets: Functional Modulation on the Bridging Ligand and Different Relaxation Performances within the Single‐Crystal to Single‐Crystal System
Authors: Zhang Wan‐Ying , Chen Peng , Li Hong‐Feng , Zhang Yi‐Quan , Yan Peng‐Fei , Sun Wen‐Bin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCrystal structures, single‐molecule magnetic behavior, and ab initio calculations of four new phenoxo‐bridged dinuclear dysprosium complexes and their gadolinium(III) analogues are explored. Complexes [Dy2(DMOMP)2(DBM)4]2⋅CHCl3 (1; DMOMP=1‐methyl‐3,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐hydroxybenzene, DBM=1,3‐diphenylpropane‐1,3‐dione); [Dy2(DMOAP)2(DBM)4]2⋅CHCl3 (2; DMOAP=syringaldehyde); Dy2(DMOEP)2(DBM)4 (3; DMOEP=methyl syringate); and solvent‐free Dy2(DMOMP)2(DBM)4 (4), which is obtained by the transformation of single crystal into single crystal from 1, have nearly identical core structures and only differ in the substituents at the para position of the phenol moieties of the bridging ligand. In this system, the electronic effects are efficiently implemented to significantly modify the ligand field strength and exchange coupling by modulating the substituents on the phenol backbone. The effective energy barrier (Ueff) of magnetization reversal is improved significantly to fivefold magnitude, at most, and the hysteresis temperature up to 3.5 K by deliberately using the electron‐withdrawing substituent to replace the electron‐donating one. The origin of the two relaxation processes in 1 is mostly attributed to the existence of two molecules in one unit, which is illuminated by means of the transformation of single crystal into single crystal.
Explaining reluctance to benefit from others' misfortune
Authors: Lelieveld Gert‐Jan , Inbar Yoel , van Dijk Eric 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe current article investigates decisions where people are not causing harm to others, but only benefit from the harm. Specifically, we assessed people's willingness to benefit from other's chance‐caused misfortunes. In 5 studies, examining real behavior of individuals in a television game show (Study 1) and using experimental betting tasks (Studies 2–5), we show that people are reluctant to benefit from the misfortunes of others. Although in all studies participants' decisions were objectively unrelated to the likelihood of misfortune befalling others, subsequent analyses indicate that people erroneously feel that benefitting from others' misfortune increases the likelihood that such harm will actually occur. The results are discussed in relation to the literature on moral decision‐making and magical thinking.
Fernwärmezentrale Waldau, St. Gallen
Authors: Seelhofer Hans 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDie Sankt Galler Stadtwerke errichteten als erstes technisches Gebäude für die Umsetzung des Energiekonzepts 2050 in der Stadt St. Gallen die neue Fernwärmezentrale Waldau. Das in vieler Hinsicht ungewöhnliche Bauwerk gliedert sich im Wesentlichen in ein Untergeschoss in Ortbeton sowie eine aufgesetzte Halle in Betonbauweise. Das Tragwerk der als Systembau konzipierten Halle basiert auf einem quadratischen Tragraster mit 6 m Seitenlänge, welches sich bei einheitlichem, wiedererkennbarem Erscheinungsbild an verschiedenen Orten und für unterschiedliche Nutzungen der Werke einsetzen lässt. In Querrichtung bilden aus vorfabrizierten Betonelementen gefügte, vorgespannte Zweigelenkrahmen das Primärtragwerk, das entlang der Fassaden mit Längsrahmen ergänzt ist. Zwischen den Rahmenstielen vor Ort eingefügte Ausfachungen aus Recyclingbeton mit Mischabbruchzuschlägen bilden die sichtbaren Fassadenflächen. In der Dachebene gewährleisten faltwerkartig gestaltete Sheddachhauben aus vorfabrizierten Betonelementen eine Belichtung des Innenraums von Norden her. Als weitere Besonderheit weist die Halle zwei rund 6,0 m hohe Tore mit Betontorflügeln auf, welche den Austausch großer Technikkomponenten ermöglichen.
Relationships between activity and well‐being in people with parkinson's disease
Authors: Ehlen Felicitas , Schindlbeck Katharina , Nobis Lisa , Maier André , Klostermann Fabian 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe complex symptomatology of Parkinson’ disease (PD) usually goes along with reduced physical activity. Previous studies have indicated positive effects of activating therapies on patients’ well‐being. This study, therefore, examined how activity in daily life is related to patients’ subjective condition.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐one PD patients rated their condition every two hours during two routine days and documented the duration and type of their activities (based on the PRISCUS‐Physical Activity Questionnaire) during the respective time intervals. They were furthermore assessed regarding motor and nonmotor symptoms, personality factors, and coping strategies.ResultsPatients spent on average 8.59 ± 2.93 hr per day at physical rest and 5.47 ± 2.93 hr physically active. We found highly significant associations between positive condition ratings (such as happiness, motivation, and concentration) and the duration of subsequent physical activities (adj.r2 = .689) as well as between the duration of these activities and a subsequent improvement in the subjective condition (adj.r2 = .545). This was strongest in patients using active coping strategies and showing agreeable and conscientious personality traits (adj.r2 = .380). Nonmotor symptom severity was weakly inversely related to the daily amount of activities (adj.r2 = .273), whereas no significant association with motor symptom severity was found.ConclusionsThe results suggest a feedback process between a positive subjective condition and physical activities in PD patients. This appears to depend on the use of active coping strategies and nonmotor symptoms rather than on motor symptom severity. The results should encourage physicians to address the importance of everyday physical activities and to provide patients with behavioral advice.
The Effect of Zn(II) Ions and Reactive Oxygen on the Uptake of Zinc and Production of Carotenoids by Selected Red Yeasts
Authors: Breierová Emília , Čertík Milan , Márová Ivana , Vadkertiová Renáta 
Published: April 2018

Three strains of red yeast Rhodosporidium kratochvilovae, Rhodotorula glutinis and Sporidiobolus salmonicolor were studied for their responses to the presence metal stress, oxidative stress and a combination of these stress factors. For all yeast strains, the production of β‐carotene increased in stress conditions. The combination of H2O2 and Zn2+ significantly activated the pathways for the production of torularhodin in the strain R. glutinis (from 250 to 470 μg g−1 DCW) as well as β‐carotene (from 360 to 1100 μg g−1 DCW) and torulene (from 100 to 360 μg g−1 DCW) in Sp. salmonicolor. Strains of R. glutinis and Rh. kratochvilovae bound the majority of Zn(II) ions to the fibrillar part of the cell walls, whereas the strain Sp. salmonicolor bound them to both extracellular polymers and the fibrillar part of the cell walls. A decrease in the ability of yeasts to tolerate higher concentrations of Zn(II) in the presence of free radicals (hydrogen peroxide) was also found.
Echocardiography in non‐ischemic cardiomyopathies: differential diagnosis from athlete's heart
Authors: Dores H. , Cardim N. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRegular exercise training induces several cardiac physiological adaptations commonly referred as “athlete's heart.” These changes can overlap pathological findings present in several cardiac diseases, mainly cardiomyopathies, associated with sudden cardiac death. The differentiation between physiological and pathological findings is often challenging and clinical decision making in such cases can be difficult: missing a condition associated with an increased risk of life‐threatening events has significant clinical impact, whereas the disqualification of a healthy athlete from competition can lead to severe psychological and socioeconomic burden. Echocardiography assumes a central role to evaluate cardiac remodeling in athletes. This paper provides an up‐to‐date and practical review of the role of echocardiography in differentiation non‐ischemic cardiomyopathies from “athlete's heart.”
High‐density mapping to guide ablation of a right bundle branch morphology premature ventricular contraction from the right outflow tract
Authors: De Simone Antonio , La Rocca Vincenzo , Panella Alfonso , Bianchi Valter , Maddaluno Francesco , Stabile Giuseppe , Garcia Bolao Ignacio 
Published: April 2018

Key Clinical MessageThe Rhythmia ultrahigh‐density mapping system with a specific algorithm seems to be helpful in identifying the target area to successfully treat multiple morphologies by catheter ablation in the right ventricular outflow tract RVOT. Interestingly, the acquisition process seemed to be extremely faster than a standard manual point‐by‐point premature ventricular contraction (PVC) mapping.
Comparison between acute kidney injury (AKI) and non‐AKI patients secondary to severe hypothyroidism
Authors: Han Bing , Cheng Tong , Ye Lin , Sui Chunhua , Yang Lizhen , Lin Dongping , Qiao Jie , Lu Yingli 
Published: April 2018

Key Clinical MessageHypothyroidism was a rare cause of rhabdomyolysis, which finally progressed to acute kidney injury (AKI). We compared nine patients with AKI secondary to hypothyroidism and six patients with severe hypothyroidism. Besides creatine kinase, globulin could be an alternative biomarker of rhabdomyolysis related to hypothyroidism.
Hepatoblastoma in a child with dextrocardia and possible histopathological alteration reminiscent of hepatocellular carcinoma after neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Papry Afsana , Kamal Mohammed , Khalid Muhammad Syeef 
Published: April 2018

Key Clinical MessageIt is quite unambiguous and interesting that postchemotherapy histology of hepatoblastoma may mimicry that of hepatocellular carcinoma which should be differentiated by proper immunohistochemistry and cytology, if possible, for further management and predict prognosis.
Cover Picture: Understanding Zeolites Catalyzed Methanol‐to‐Olefins Conversion from Theoretical Calculations (Chin. J. Chem. 5/2018)
Authors: Wang Chuanming , Wang Yangdong , Xie Zaiku 
Published: April 2018

The cover picture shows the complexity of the reaction mechanism of zeolites catalyzed methanol‐to‐olefins (MTO) conversion. The MTO process plays a vital role in the production of light olefins from nonpetroleum resources. Despite of the successful industrialization of the MTO process in China, the detailed reaction mechanism is not yet well understood. The theoretical studies on the MTO hydrocarbon pool mechanism by the Group of Xie are summarized in the Chemistry Author Up Close by Xie et al. on page 381–386.
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Specific biomarkers of myocardial inflammation and remodeling processes as predictors of mortality in high‐risk patients undergoing percutaneous mitral valve repair (MitraClip)
Authors: Dörr Oliver , Walther Claudia , Liebetrau Christoph , Keller Till , Tabert Hannes , Boeder Niklas , Bayer Matthias , Bauer Pascal , Möllmann Helge , Gaede Luise , Troidl Christian , Voss Sandra , Bauer Timm , Hamm Christian W. , Nef Holger 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundSpecific matrix metalloproteinases (MMP‐2, MMP‐9) and inflammatory biomarkers (hsCRP, IL‐6) were found to be consistently up‐regulated in severe mitral valve regurgitation (MR) and are associated with mortality in heart failure patients. The aim of the present study was to examine the prognostic value of biomarkers of cardiac inflammation and remodeling processes in predicting mortality in patients with MR undergoing percutaneous mitral valve repair (PMVR).HypothesisWe hypothesize that increased cardiac inflammation and extracellular matrix turnover is predictive for mortality in patients with severe mitral regurgitation undergoing MitraClip.MethodsA total of 210 consecutive patients undergoing PMVR were included. PMVR was performed according to standard clinical practice. Venous blood samples for biomarker analyses were collected prior to and 6 months after PMVR. Physiological parameters, medication use, safety events, and all‐cause mortality were followed over 12 months.ResultsPMVR was performed successfully in all patients. Twelve months after PMVR there was an effective reduction in the severity of MR (P < 0.001), and an improvement in New York Heart Association class (P < 0.01) was documented. Elevated inflammatory biomarkers (AUChsCRP: 0.738 [IQR, 0.626–0.849], P = 0.001; AUCIL‐6: 0.811 [IQR, 0.724–0.899], P = 0.001) and biomarkers reflecting cardiac remodeling processes (AUCMMP‐2: 0.723 [IQR, 0.641–0.804], P = 0.001; AUCMMP‐9: 0.618 [IQR, 0.534–0.701], P = 0.01) were predictors of adverse cardiac events and mortality in patients with congestive heart failure undergoing PMVR.ConclusionsThe present study is the first to identify biomarkers reflecting inflammation (hsCRP, IL‐6) and cardiac remodeling processes (MMP‐2, MMP‐9) as predictors of mortality in high‐risk patients undergoing PMVR.
Usefulness of inferior vena cava ultrasonography in outpatients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Curbelo Jose , Aguilera Maria , Rodriguez‐Cortes Pablo , Gil‐Martinez Paloma , Suarez Fernandez Carmen 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundInferior vena cava (IVC) ultrasonography has been used for the diagnosis and prognosis of acute heart failure (HF). Its usefulness in chronic HF is less known.HypothesisIVC ultrasonography is a useful tool in the care of patients with chronic HF.MethodsFor this prospective cohort study, 95 patients with chronic HF were included consecutively as they attended scheduled medical visits. Ultrasound was done with a 5‐MHz convex probe device, calculating IVC collapse index (IVCCI). Follow‐up time was 1 year. Outcome events were worsening HF, hospital admission for HF, HF mortality, and all‐cause mortality.ResultsWorsening HF occurred in 70.9% of patients with IVCCI <30% and 39.1% of patients with IVCCI >50%, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.8 (95% CI: 1.3–6.2) adjusted by multivariable analysis. Regarding hospitalization, 45.3% of patients with IVCCI <30% required admission, compared with 5.9% of patients with IVCCI >50%; the adjusted HR was 13.9 (95% CI: 1.7–113.0). Mortality was higher in the IVCCI <30% group, with 25.7% all‐cause mortality and 18.6% HF mortality, whereas in the IVCCI >50% group these values were 13% and 4.7%, respectively. However, these differences did not reach statistical significance. ROC analysis was performed and the AUC for IVCCI was not higher than that for NTproBNP for any of the outcomes studied.ConclusionsIVC ultrasonography is a useful tool in follow‐up of patients with chronic HF, allowing identification of patients at high risk of worsening and hospitalization. However, its usefulness is not higher than that of NTproBNP.
Developmental trajectories and influences of environmental complexity on oxytocin receptor and vasopressin 1A receptor expression in male and female prairie voles
Authors: Prounis George S. , Thomas Kyle , Ophir Alexander G. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNonapeptide receptors, like oxytocin receptor (OTR) and vasopressin 1a receptor (V1aR), modulate a variety of functions across taxa, and mediate phenotypic variation within and between species. Despite the popularity of studying nonapeptides in adults, developmental perspectives on properties of OTR and V1aR expression are lacking. Study of prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) has facilitated an understanding of mechanisms of social behavior and provides great potential to inform how early life experiences alter phenotype. We provide the first comprehensive profiling of OTR and V1aR in male and female prairie voles across postnatal development and into adulthood. Differences in receptor densities across the forebrain were region‐ and sex‐specific. Postnatal changes in receptor expression fell into four themes: (a) constant over time, (b) increasing with age, (c) decreasing with age, or (d) peaking during late pre‐weaning (postnatal day 15–21). We also examined the influence of post‐weaning social and spatial enrichment (i.e., environmental complexity) on OTR and V1aR. Environmental complexity appeared to promote expression of OTR in males and females, and reduced expression of V1aR across several brain regions in males. Our results show that nonapeptide receptor profiles are plastic over development and suggest that different patterns of expression might represent functional differences in sensitivity to nonapeptide activation over a period when social environments are dynamic. Our results on environmental complexity suggest that nonapeptide sensitivity responds flexibly to different environmental contexts during development. Understanding the developmental trajectories of nonapeptide receptors provides a better understanding of the dynamic nature of social behavior and the underlying mechanisms.
Myelination of the developing lateral olfactory tract and anterior commissure
Authors: Collins L. N. , Hill D. L. , Brunjes P. C. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBoth the lateral olfactory tract (LOT) and anterior limb of the anterior commissure (AC) carry olfactory information. The LOT forms the projection from the olfactory bulb to the ipsilateral olfactory cortices, while the AC carries odor information across the midline to the contralateral olfactory cortex and bulb. The LOT and AC differ on a number of dimensions, including early development and functional onset. The present work, examining their myelination in mice, reveals additional important differences. For example, the LOT initiates myelination 3–4 days earlier than the AC, evidenced by both an earlier increase in myelin basic protein staining seen with immunohistochemistry and an earlier appearance of myelinated fibers using electron microscopy. While both exhibit a period of rapid myelination, it occurs 4–5 days earlier in the LOT than the AC. The tracts also respond differently to early sensory restriction. Unilateral naris occlusion from the day after birth to postnatal day 30 had no consistent effects on the AC but resulted in significantly thinner myelin sheaths relative to axon caliber in the LOT. Finally, the two tracts differ structurally (the LOT contains larger, more densely packed axons with significantly thicker myelin sheaths resulting in a conduction velocity that is more than twice as fast as the AC). The findings indicate that these two large, accessible tracts provide an important means for studying brain maturation due to basic differences in both the timing of their maturation and general organization.