bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Representational Systems in Zoosemiotics and Anthroposemiotics Part I: What Have the So-Called “Talking Animals” Taught Us about Human Language?
Authors: Uhlíř Vilém 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This paper offers a brief critical review of some of the so-called “Talking Animals” projects. The findings from the projects are compared with linguistic data from Homo sapiens and with newer evidence gleaned from experiments on animal syntactic skills. The question concerning what had the so-called “Talking Animals” really done is broken down into two categories – words and (recursive) syntax. The (relative) failure of the animal projects in both categories points mainly to the fact that the core feature of language – hierarchical recursive syntax – is missing in the pseudo-linguistic feats of the animals.
The Influence of Ice Texture on Sliding Over Ice
Authors: Jansons E. , Gross K.A. , Lungevics J. , Pluduma L. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Winter brings snow and ice to Northern Europe and with it the need to move safely over ice. It has been customary to select an appropriate material surface for movement over ice, but another way to influence the interaction with ice is to appropriately prepare the ice surface. The objective of the research is to investigate the influence of ice texture on initiating movement over ice and on sliding velocity over ice in the laboratory and field conditions. The ice has been prepared smooth, scratched and glazed similar to the one found in real life situations. The static coefficient of friction and the sliding speed have been measured at the laboratory, but the sliding speed quantified on a skeleton –at the skeleton push-start facility. The scratched ice surface has increased the resistance to movement, thus resulting in the lowest sliding speed under laboratory conditions. Sliding is better on the smooth ice and glazed ice. The contact surfaces have been measured to determine the effect of contact area on sliding properties. Field experiments with heavier loads have flattened the ice surface irregularities for more constant sliding conditions over time. This outcome provides a useful indicator for pedestrians and road traffic related to the safety of movement over different ice surfaces as well as a reference for those involved in winter sports.
Reduction of Radon Gas in Concrete Using Admixtures and Additives
Authors: Döse Magnus , Silfwerbrand Johan 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The second largest cause of lung cancer is related to radon (222Rn) and its progenies in our environment. Building materials, such as concrete, contribute to the production of radon gas through the natural decay of 238U from its constituents. The Swedish Cement and Concrete Research Institute (CBI) has examined three concrete recipes where only an additive as well as fly ash were added as single constituents to a reference recipe and compared to a reference concrete. The inputs of an additive as well as a supplementary cementitious material (fly ash) were made as a mean to investigate their potential influence on the radon exhalation rates of the concrete. Measurements were performed with an ATMOS 33 ionizing pulsation chamber for at least five different occasions for each recipe during a 22 month period. The results indicate a reduction of the exhalation rate by approximately 30-35 % for each altered recipe. This means roughly 1.5-2 mSv per year decrease in effective dose to a human using an additive or a supplementary cementitious material such as fly ash in relation to the investigated standard concrete.
The Impact of the Ban on Spending Weekly Rest in the Vehicle on Transport Planning in the EU
Authors: Poliak Miloš , Šimurková Patrícia , Jaśkiewicz Marek , Posuniak P. , Stokłosa J. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The working conditions of truck drivers and social legislation are both topical and political issues in the field of road freight transport. The contribution outlines problems which are linked to the observance of the ban on weekly rest in the vehicle. Based on the judgment, the Court of Justice of the European Union explicitly forbids drivers to take their regular weekly rest in the vehicle. The contribution identifies the impact of the ban on spending weekly rest in the vehicle on transport planning in the EU. The aim of the contribution is also to highlight the existing problems in international road freight transport sector in connection with insufficient number of truck parks with accommodation.
Modelling Safety Culture Among Crews of Seafaring Vessels
Authors: Adamkiewicz Andrzej , Krystosik-Gromadzińska Agata 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Marine work conditions, differing from those on land, have been presented. The study has identified a multitude of factors generating physical and psychical effects on crew members, different cultural patterns and dangers which have to be overcome to reach the state when thinking of safety accompanies all performed activities. Creation of legislature and procedures and their observance have been presented as a basis for constructing safety culture and the sense of safety. Safety management, coordinated by ship owners, has been justified as activities to be realized on ships. It has been indicated in this study that building up safety culture among the members of the power plant crew of seafaring ships is the most important issue due to the fact that their work environment is unfriendly to humans and that there is a high fire risk in a ship power plant.
Probabilistic-Deterministic Method of Rescaling Ship Manoeuvring Simulation Data Defining Parameters of Fairway Bends
Authors: Gucma Stanisław , Gralak Rafał 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The article presents a method of scaling up existing simulation tests results from ships with parameters L1
, B1
(length and breadth) determining a safe waterway bend width (d1
) to specify a width (d2
) safe for ships with other dimensions L2, B2
. This method enables accurate determination of the safe fairway width (d) in case it has been planned to increase maximum length and width of vessels without carrying out relatively expensive simulation tests. The method was used in designing the parameters of the modernized Swinoujscie-Szczecin fairway.
Capabilities of Local and Remote Monitoring and Control of Equipment Used in Marine Ship Industry
Authors: Albrecht Agata , Muc Adam 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article presents two aspects regarding marine equipment control and monitoring. The first one is the issue of remote and local control in the maritime and land industry. The second is the economical and efficient use of redundant devices. This article describes the structure of remote control implemented on vessels. Paper presents an idea of control that combines remote and local control to provide optimal use of redundant devices with simultaneous increase of system reliability. The whole concept is shown on the built physical model with the control and operator panels. The control was implemented using freely programmable controller and HMI panel.
Ship’s Operational Speed on the Planned Ocean Route in Real Weather Conditions
Authors: Szelangiewicz Tadeusz , Żelazny Katarzyna 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
While operating the ship, one of the most important tasks is forecasting the ocean route. For this purpose, the speed characteristics of the ship are used, which are used in specialized computer systems and presented in publications. However, published algorithms for speed (or decrease of speed) calculations of a ship in real weather conditions on given routes are very simplified and do not contain all the relevant parameters related to the ship’s hull (affecting its resistance when sailing, eg on waves), its propulsion and weather conditions. The article presents its own, more detailed mathematical model of the speed of the ship, and the performed calculations of speed of the ship were compared with the algorithms available in the literature and with the records from the ship’s log.
Harmonization of Market Conditions in Provision of Road Freight Transport
Authors: Poliak Miloš , Šimurková Patrícia , Jaśkiewicz Marek , Więckowski Dariusz 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
International road transport is a specific service within the frame of services provided in the European Union. It is because the conditions of being active on the market are influenced by the states where businessmen operate, but services can be provided throughout the whole year in other member states of the European Union. The aim of the contribution is to highlight the existing problems in international road freight transport sector. These problems persist despite the fact that market access was exempted from the national law of individual member states and regulated directly by EU regulations. Despite the unification of market access, tax and social harmonization is not ensured in international road freight transport. An unequal tax burden on carriers and different requirements of wage regulations create a discriminatory environment among entrepreneurs. The contribution identifies the factors that deform the equal operating conditions in single market. The aim of the contribution is also to provide the readers with the answers to the questions: Is it possible under current EU conditions to harmonize tax and social conditions? What impact would this harmonization have on business environment?
Unification Proposal on Market Access for Freight Forwarding in the European Union
Authors: Poliak Miloš , Šimurková Patrícia , Jaśkiewicz Marek , Hernandez Salvador 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The paper deals with the issue of different market access for the transport procurement in the EU in context of open market of providing forwarding services. It highlights different requirements of market access in freight forwarding. The article proposes conditions of market access unification in freight forwarding based on analysis of the existing situation. It also refers to the different responsibility of freight forwarder depending on membership in the national associations of freight forwarders. The contribution analyses the limitation of liability in freight forwarding and shows differences in contract of freight forwarding for particular shipments by model examples. There is also pointed to the need for the development of uniform freight forwarding conditions in the EU.
Ship Route Programming in Restricted and Coastal Areas in Tropical Cyclone Regions
Authors: Wiśniewski Bernard , Szymański Maciej 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The article describes various methods used for tropical cyclone avoidance maneuvers during navigation in restricted and coastal waters. The avoidance maneuvers were carried out with the use of the following methods: the ORS (Onboard Routing System) systems, Bon Voyage 7.0 and SPOS 7.0, the 1-2-3 rule recommended by the US national weather administration NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration), the graphic-manual anti-collision plot, as well as the assistance and recommendations of the shore based AWT (Applied Weather Technologies) Centre. The weather and operational data that were used were from the actual voyage of the 9000TEU container ship POSTPANAMX, from Yantian (China) to Vancouver (Canada), which took place in August 2015. During this voyage the ship encountered the tropical cyclone SOUDELOR.
The Impact of Transport Time on the Carrier’s Costs
Authors: Poliak Miloš , Hammer Juraj , Jaśkiewicz Marek , Zielonka K. , Stokłosa J. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In freight road transport, the price per unit of transport is not the same for each shipment for reason, that many factors influence the cost of shipping. An important aspect, in addition to cost inputs, which decides, how high will the shipping cost it is the destination where the transportation takes place. The purpose of this article is to identify the impact of the change of destination on carrier costs. Authors will not deal with specific costs related to the change of destination, which include, for example, charges for the use of the road network or travel compensation to the driver, but will only deal with the probability of vehicle back-up. If the carrier is unable to backhaul of the vehicle, the initial shipping costs increase significantly.
Significance Analysis of Ship Operational States as a Factor Influencing the Energy Efficiency of a Research – Training Vessel
Authors: Behrendt Cezary , Prill Katarzyna , Patsch Marek 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Ship operational state is a sequence of temporary values of state variable parameters expressing the properties of a particular object and which are recognised as significant for a specific problem. They are the key elements of the operational tasks and essential to determining the Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator for a specialised vessel. In that case, the method refers directly to specific operational states and their significance for a particular operational task in the time function. Based on the surveys conducted on a population of people employed by the ship owner and involved in the ship operation, one has analysed the significance of the operational states for that vessel. The differentiated perception of the operational states of the subjected vessel results from, inter alia, the tasks performed by the responders as their duties, their experience and the level of their engagement in the ship operation. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the states enables to conduct the planning process in terms of operational tasks of the specialized ship for effective and efficient operation.
Model of Processes of the Al25/30 Marine Engine and its Verification
Authors: Cuper-Przybylska Dominika 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The work presents a model of the marine diesel engine working process. The research object was the AL25/30 engine. The model consists of partial models of the combustion process in the engine cylinders, the heat exchange process, flows through air and exhaust channels, heat exchange in the intercooler and friction in mechanical components of the engine. The model includes a description of the processes taking place in the turbocharger also. The input data to the model and the verification data were the results of direct measurements on the research facility. The verification showed errors in the calculation of air and exhaust gas parameters not exceeding 11%. The paper also presents an analysis of the results of fast-changing parameters, including combustion pressure in engine cylinders and pressures in individual gas channels. The designed model allows the analysis of the research facility operation and enables its further development towards the assessment of toxic compounds emission to the atmosphere.
Methane Slip During Cargo Operations on LNG Carriers and LNG-Fueled Vessels
Authors: Herdzik Jerzy 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In this paper was presented the problems of methane leakages during cargo operations on LNG carriers. Also the leakages are possible on LNG fueled vessels. Due to green-house effect from methane on the atmosphere it should be done some measures to avoid it. Building the cargo tanks with very high capacity, utilization of better thermal insulations limits the quantity of boil-off (BOG). It is used as a fuel in marine power plant, only the overage should be liquefied again. The leakages attend all cargo operations which methane goes directly to the atmosphere through pressure-vacuum valves and gas freeing installation to mast riser or by the ventilation system from cargo pump or compressor room. To minimize the slip on LNG carriers the re-liquefaction systems are installed. They are based on cooling systems which boil-off gas (mainly methane) is liquefied at ambient pressure in temperature about −161.5°C by pre-cooled nitrogen gas at temperature about −180°C. Compressed nitrogen to a pressure about 25MPa through multistage compressors with intercooling systems is expanded step by step (in intercoolers) to pressure about ambient reaches the temperature about −180°C. The re-liquefaction system needs delivering a lot of electric energy. The total level of methane leakages from mining to the last consumer may be different and sometimes very high. The leakage level starts as minimal 1% and may be raised up to 10%. It was indicated the undertaken actions and next possibilities of methane slip limitations.
The Use of Topology of IHBI Inverters in Parallel Operation of Ship Generating Sets With PMSG Generators
Authors: German-Galkin Sergiei , Tarnapowicz Dariusz , Tomasov Valentin S. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
One of the methods to improve the efficiency of the ship’s propulsion is the increase of efficiency in ship generators by using permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSG – Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator). Due to the lack of voltage regulator in PMSG, it is necessary to use power electronic converters to maintain a constant voltage level. One of the modes of operation for a ship’s power plant is a parallel work of generating sets. In the parallel work, there are problems in the fluctuation of active and reactive electrical power between generators. The article presents the concept of using inverters in the IHBI topology, which enables the parallel operation of generating sets with PMSG generators. This solution enables the adjustment of the flow of active and reactive powers between generating sets.
Influence of the Symmetry Plane Boundary Condition on the Planing Multihull Calm Water Resistance Test. CFD to Towing Tank Comparison
Authors: Sugalski Karol 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article present results of the comparison between numerical simulation (utilising Computational Fluid Dynamics) and towing tank experiment of the multihull vessel. Effect of the symmetry plane boundary condition on the resistance has been investigated. Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes equations with k-ω turbulence model has been used to calculate resistance of the hull with two degrees of freedom (2-DOF). Calculation has been done using OpenFOAM software package. Governing equations of fluid motion, together with the concept of the mesh and boundary condition has been presented in the first section of this work. Conclusion about calculating resistance of the multihull vessels has been made, after short presentation of the results.
The Destructive Effect of Fine Fractions of Soybean Meal in Transport Processes
Authors: Drzewieniecka Beata 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Soybean meal is one of the most popular components of compound feed. The rise of its demand in the world causes a constant interest in this cargo and to conduct research in different directions. This is related to its inherent properties, and to the continuous changes that occur in it. Soybean meal is a solid bulk cargo. Loose soybean meal, apart from larger particles, also contains fine and dusty/powdery fractions, which create the risk of explosion and environmental pollution. The problem of protecting the environment against dusting of fine fractions of soybean meal is very important in the cargo handling processes. An additional aspect is the destructive effect of powdery fractions during these processes. The results of the research on the degrading effect of fine fractions of soybean meal and its compounds on the means of transshipments were presented. Due to the interaction of esters and other compounds contained in the soybean meal, the research has the implications for the changes in the properties of the rubber elements of the elevator conveyor. The effect of these changes may be the reduced durability of the conveyor belts and the associated risks such as operational failures.
Presentation of the Properties of the Supervised Measuring System with Flexible Support of Crankshafts in Application Terms
Authors: Nozdrzykowski Krzysztof , Kostrzewa Waldemar , Kałkowska Elwira 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The article presents an original, innovative solution for an universal system for measurements of geometric deviations of large crankshafts with so-called flexible support of the measured object. The principles of selection of reaction forces realized by flexible supports enabling elimination of elastic deflections and elastic deformations of the shaft under the influence of own weight are discussed. Also presented are the properties of the Automation Studio programming environment and a visualization application for the control and management program of the measurement system developed on the basis of this programming environment.
Environment Protection Policy and Monitoring Systems for Polymetallic Nodules Exploitation
Authors: Abramowski Tomasz 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The paper presents the analysis of ongoing implementation of environmental protection policies into deep seabed mining projects of Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone, (CCZ). Short introduction to the current environmental regime in the Area under UNCLOS jurisdiction is presented and potential impact of deep seabed mining is discussed. Selected results of efforts to minimize the impact on the marine environment and environmental baseline studies are described.
Mechatronic System with the Control of Voltage in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator
Authors: Tarnapowicz Dariusz , German-Galkin Sergiei 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In recent years, the use of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) in ship power plant system has increased. PMSGs are characterized by better properties than the classic and commonly used synchronous generators. In comparison with classic synchronous generators, PMSGs do not have a voltage regulator, and hence as the load increases, the voltage at the output of the generator decreases. The article presents the use of an active voltage inverter with the task to maintain a constant voltage on the receiver along with the load’s increase. Simulation studies confirming the effectiveness of the proposed method were carried out.
Evolution of The Extruder Screw-Disk Plasticizing System Construction
Authors: Rydzkowski Tomasz , Michalska-Pożoga Iwona , Szczepanek Marcin , Thakur Vijay Kumar 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The search for new polymer processing ways has become necessary due to the rapidly growing technology and market needs. The time of manufacturing products, as well as the impact of process parameters and the design itself on the properties of materials have become very important. Therefore, the creation of assumptions allowing the construction of a compact device whose construction will allow, for example, high process efficiency at low screw rotational speeds or a high degree of material homogenisation, is expected by the market. However, this requires the design of new or continuous modifications and improvements to existing structures.
Experimental Research of Self-Ignition Engine Fueled by Mixture of Diesel and Synthetic Fuel
Authors: Klyus Oleh , Skarbek-Żabkin Anna , Zamiatina Nadezhda 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The paper presents the bench tests’ results of a swirl chamber engine fed with a mixture of petroleum and synthetic fuels. Synthetic fuel comes from the processing of polymeric waste and its content in the mixture equaled to 7%. According to the results, the basic operational parameters of the engine did not change significantly. A minor increase in NO2 emissions was observed, which may be explained by the increased combustion temperature. Simultaneously, the reduction of the smoke was obtained.