bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hippo Pathway Kinase Mst1 Is Required for Long-Lived Humoral Immunity
Authors: Bagherzadeh Yazdchi Sahar , Witalis Mariko , Meli Alexandre P. , Leung Joanne , Li Xin , Panneton Vincent , Chang Jinsam , Li Joanna , Nutt Stephen L. , Johnson Randy L. , Lim Dae-Sik , Gu Hua , King Irah L. , Suh Woong-Kyung 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The protein kinase Mst1 is a key component of the evolutionarily conserved Hippo pathway that regulates cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, and migration. In humans, Mst1 deficiency causes primary immunodeficiency. Patients with MST1-null mutations show progressive loss of naive T cells but, paradoxically, mildly elevated serum Ab titers. Nonetheless, the role of Mst1 in humoral immunity remains poorly understood. In this study, we found that early T cell–dependent IgG1 responses in young adult Mst1-deficient mice were largely intact with signs of impaired affinity maturation. However, the established Ag-specific IgG1 titers in Mst1-deficient mice decayed more readily because of a loss of Ag-specific but not the overall bone marrow plasma cells. Despite the impaired affinity and longevity of Ag-specific Abs, Mst1-deficient mice produced plasma cells displaying apparently normal maturation markers with intact migratory and secretory capacities. Intriguingly, in immunized Mst1-deficient mice, T follicular helper cells were hyperactive, expressing higher levels of IL-21, IL-4, and surface CD40L. Accordingly, germinal center B cells progressed more rapidly into the plasma cell lineage, presumably forgoing rigorous affinity maturation processes. Importantly, Mst1-deficient mice had elevated levels of CD138+Blimp1+ splenic plasma cell populations, yet the size of the bone marrow plasma cell population remained normal. Thus, overproduced low-affinity plasma cells from dysregulated germinal centers seem to underlie humoral immune defects in Mst1-deficiency. Our findings imply that vaccination of Mst1-deficient human patients, even at the early stage of life, may fail to establish long-lived high-affinity humoral immunity and that prophylactic Ab replacement therapy can be beneficial to the patients.
RORγt Represses IL-10 Production in Th17 Cells To Maintain Their Pathogenicity in Inducing Intestinal Inflammation
Authors: Sun Mingming , He Chong , Chen Liang , Yang Wenjing , Wu Wei , Chen Feidi , Cao Anthony T. , Yao Suxia , Dann Sara M. , Dhar T. G. Murali , Salter-Cid Luisa , Zhao Qihong , Liu Zhanju , Cong Yingzi 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The role of retinoid-related orphan receptor γ t (RORγt) in Th17 cell differentiation has been well established; however, how it regulates other T cell lineages is still not clearly understood. In this study, we report that in mice, while promoting Th17 cell differentiation, RORγt inhibited IL-10 production by T cells, thereby preserving the pathogenicity of Th17 cells. Treatment with RORγt-specific inhibitor suppressed Th17 cell signature cytokines, but promoted IL-10 production. RORγt inhibitor–treated Th17 cells induce less severe colitis compared with control Th17 cells. Mechanistically, the RORγt inhibitor induced T cell expression of Blimp-1 (encoded by Prdm1). Prdm1−/− T cells produced significantly fewer IL-10 when treated with RORγt inhibitor compared with wild-type T cells. Furthermore, RORγt inhibitor–treated Prdm1−/− Th17 cells induce more severe colitis compared with RORγt inhibitor–treated wild-type Th17 cells. Collectively, our studies reveal a novel mechanism by which RORγt drives and maintains pathogenic Th17 cell development by inhibiting IL-10 production.
Uma reflexão sobre a articulação de teorias didáticas no estudo das noções de área e perímetro
Authors: Santos Cintia Aparecida Bento dos 
Published: November 2018

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar de forma sucinta uma possível articulação entre teorias didáticas como as de Doaudy (1992), Duval (1993) e a abordagem teórica de Robert (1997), sobre os níveis de conhecimento esperados dos educandos. Considerando que o estudo destes autores são voltados para um trabalho delineado por uma perspectiva que leva em consideração a estrutura cognitiva, apresentamos aspectos da teoria de aprendizagem significativa de Ausubel, pois consideramos que a internalização de conteúdos de forma que possam ser mobilizados em situações futuras quando a noção em jogo não é explícita só se faz possível se os métodos de ensino se estruturam em uma aprendizagem significativa. Dessa forma, faremos uma breve exposição das teorias escolhidas na tentativa de mostrar como este estudo pode auxiliar professores no momento de suas escolhas, assim como podem compreender melhor as dificuldades e os diferentes níveis que se encontram os alunos, o que pode lhes permitir construir seqüências didáticas mais adequadas e levar ainda em consideração a importância não somente do domínio matemático do conteúdo, mas também a relevância do domínio didático das noções a serem tratadas em sala de aula. Ao final destas reflexões podemos compreender melhor o papel até mesmo da formação inicial e continuada de professores, perspectiva esta que abordaremos segundo Shulman (2005).
O sistema de contagem Guarani: caminhos para a prática pedagógica
Authors: Silva Sérgio Florentino da 
Published: November 2018

Em Santa Catarina há 21 aldeias indígenas Guarani e, entre elas, incluem-se a Aldeia Itaty do Morro dos Cavalos e a Aldeia M’Biguaçu. Entre os grandes desafios dessas comunidades destacam-se o desejo em revitalizar seus conhecimentos tradicionais e, além disso, associá-los aos conhecimentos acadêmicos para que, dessa forma, possam entender outras culturas e interagir de forma mais efetiva com elas. Neste sentido, temos como objetivo deste artigo analisar os aspectos básicos do sistema de contagem desses indígenas, tais como, linguagem oral, símbolos gráficos e contagem manual, identificando as relações que esses possuem com os conhecimentos matemáticos acadêmicos. Além disso, propomos atividades que possam possibilitar a articulação entre essas duas formas de conhecimento. As discussões apresentadas nesse trabalho representam parte da pesquisa de Autor (2011) que, norteado pela metodologia Estudo de Caso do Tipo Etnográfico, realizou uma pesquisa na perspectiva teórica da Etnomatemática junto a líderes das comunidades Guarani das Aldeias Itaty e M’Biguaçu.
As falácias da secularização: análise das cinco críticas-tipo às teorias da secularização
Authors: Moniz Jorge Botelho 
Published: November 2018

Não obstante as teorias da secularização marquem o debate científico na sociologia das religiões desde a década de 1960, elas têm sido fortemente criticadas desde seu advento. Em particular, criticam-se seus vieses ideológicos e históricos, sua aplicabilidade e extensão teórica e seus resultados previsíveis. Todavia, essas críticas estão, na maioria dos casos, dispersas, não tendo sido trabalhadas profunda e sistematicamente. Consideramos que, para qualquer cientista social investido no estudo da secularização, é relevante sua compilação, articulação e interpretação, de modo a poder compreender plenamente suas deficiências ou incoerências internas. Nosso trabalho pretende analisar os argumentos críticos mais sólidos e sistemáticos que foram feitos pelo estado da arte às teorias da secularização. Para isso propomos um estudo descritivo, analítico, comparativo e sincrônico dos substratos da secularização e, posteriormente, de suas críticas. Esse exame nos permite entender a fundo suas limitações proposicionais e, desse modo, sustentar a proposta de novas categorias analíticas e/ou empíricas ou o desenvolvimento de novas estratégias metodológicas que devem ser consideradas no contexto da modernidade múltipla e global.
Anônimos supercampeões: a equipe de rafting Bozo D´água e a caracterização dos esportes de aventura
Authors: Bandeira Marília Martins , Bastos Alexandre , Amaral Sílvia Cristina Franco 
Published: November 2018

O objetivo deste artigo foi problematizar a caracterização dos esportes de aventura a partir do caso da equipe de rafting Bozo D’água, um contraexemplo em relação à literatura pioneira sobre o tema. Parte de etnografia mais ampla, o presente texto analisa dez entrevistas cotejadas com observação de campo. Os resultados indicam que, ao contrário da prática de aventura caracterizada como participação não competitiva de lazer, o esporte de alto rendimento foi a alternativa para viabilizar a participação esportiva em atividade de aventura para praticantes de classes sociais baixas. Conclui-se que diferentes formas de apropriação e distintas versões do esporte de aventura variam conforme contexto e questões de classe e que o potencial das práticas de aventura, de colocar em circulação valores esportivos alternativos, perde espaço na medida em que as políticas públicas brasileiras priorizam o esporte de alto rendimento.
Impact of assimilating a merged sea-ice thickness from CryoSat-2 and SMOS in the Arctic reanalysis
Authors: Xie Jiping , Counillon François , Bertino Laurent 
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Accurately
forecasting the sea-ice thickness (SIT) in the Arctic is a major challenge.
The new SIT product (referred to as CS2SMOS) merges measurements from the
CryoSat-2 and SMOS satellites on a weekly basis during the winter. The impact
of assimilating CS2SMOS data is tested for the TOPAZ4 system – the Arctic
component of the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Services (CMEMS).
TOPAZ4 currently assimilates a large set of ocean and sea-ice observations
with the Deterministic Ensemble Kalman Filter (DEnKF). Two parallel reanalyses are conducted without (Official run) and with (Test
run) assimilation of CS2SMOS data from 19 March 2014 to 31 March 2015. Since only mapping errors were provided in the CS2SMOS
observation, an arbitrary term was added to compensate for the missing
errors, but was found a posteriori too large. The SIT bias (too thin) is
reduced from 16 to 5 cm and the standard errors decrease from 53 to 38 cm (by 28 %) when compared to the assimilated SIT. When compared to
independent SIT observations, the error reduction is 24 % against the ice
mass balance (IMB) buoy 2013F and by 12.5 % against SIT data from the
IceBridge campaigns. The improvement of sea-ice volume persists through the
summer months in the absence of CS2SMOS data. Comparisons to sea-ice drift
from the satellites show that dynamical adjustments reduce the drift errors
around the North Pole by about 8 %–9 % in December 2014 and February 2015.
Finally, using the degrees of freedom for signal (DFS), we find that CS2SMOS
makes the prime source of information in the central Arctic and in the Kara
Sea. We therefore recommend the assimilation of C2SMOS for Arctic reanalyses
in order to improve the ice thickness and the ice drift.
Water User’s Conflicts in Irrigation Schemes in Tanzania
Authors: Fundi Saida Selemani , Kinemo Stella Malangalila 
Published: November 2018

The aim of this study was to examine types of conflicts and factors contributing to their occurrence in water allocation processes. The study was conducted in Mkindo Irrigation Scheme and employed the Exploratory Sequential Mixed Approach, whereby the dominant approach was qualitative approach, complemented by quantitative techniques. The data collection methods were in-depth interviews, documentary reviews and focus group discussions for the qualitative data and questionnaire for quantitative data. Qualitative data were analysed using qualitative content analysis and explanation building techniques. The quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Findings reveal existence of inter-micro micro and intra micro-micro water users’ conflicts in the selected irrigation scheme. The study also identified the factors determining the water user’s conflicts in the selected scheme. To enhance water allocation processes in the selected irrigation schemes, the study recommends strengthening of coordination units and multi-stakeholders platforms.
Incarnation and Transfiguration
Authors: Milad Corine B. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
This article explores the hermeneutical significance of the Incarnation for Origen’s interpretation of the transfiguration. I first present Origen’s theology of the Incarnation, arguing that his doctrines of the epinoiai and polymorphia of Christ, as manifestations of the divine condescension, suggest a divine relationality and dynamism. I will then illustrate how this understanding of the Incarnation informs Origen’s interpretation of the transfiguration, suggesting that his emphasis on spiritual ascent is balanced by his theology of divine condescension. Based on his kenotic interpretation of the transfiguration, I argue that Origen’s emphasis on divine condescension affirms physical existence as the necessary means by which every individual can attain spiritual union with God.
Name Christology, Divine Aseity, and the I Am Sayings in the Fourth Gospel
Authors: Macaskill Grant 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
This article will examine the representation of divine aseity in the Fourth Gospel, particularly as this is developed through a “divine name” Christology that is intertwined with the I Am sayings. While these are generally understood with reference to the statements of Isa 41:4 and 43:10, rather than Exod 3:14, the ἐγώ εἰμι form has an affinity with reflections on the temporal significance of the divine name disclosed to Moses that are elsewhere attested in Jewish tradition. This recognition opens the possibility that the I Am sayings, even as they identify Jesus with the God of Israel, are intended as reflections on the properly theological “problem” of the incarnation, on what it means for a God who transcends time to be enfleshed and particularized within it. The sayings render the identity of Jesus, as a human being located within time and place and whose substance is affected by these, as participating fully in the transcendent reality of God’s own being. By taking temporal form, the God who transcends time, and whose existence is entirely self-subsistent, unites it to his own being. The author plays upon the apparent paradox in ways that are visible in the text and that are linked to his conceptions of salvation. It is precisely the capacity to unite death to the divine life without the terminal conditions of human contingency that ensures that Jesus can be the source of life for all who receive him.
Mycorrhizal response in crop versus wild plants
Authors: Kokkoris Vasilis , Hamel Chantal , Hart Miranda 
Published: November 2018

We proposed a theoretical framework predicting mutualistic outcomes for the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis based on host identity (crop versus wild).
To test the framework, we grew two isolates of Rhizoglomus irregulare (commercial versus an isolate locally sourced from a site in Saskatchewan), with five crop plants and five wild plants that are endemic to the region and co-occur with the locally sourced fungus.
While inoculation had no effect on plant biomass, it decreased leaf P content, particularly for wild plants. All plants associating with the commercial fungus had lower leaf P. Overall, our data shows that wild plants may be more sensitive to differences in mutualistic quality among commercial biofertilizers.
Moving Toward Milestone-Based Assessment in Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine
Authors: Seals Ryan Alan 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Osteopathic medicine is continuing to move toward competency-based education at undergraduate and graduate levels. Competencies and Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) have been implemented to guide educators on the skills and abilities that osteopathic medical students and residents should be able to perform as physicians. Unfortunately, many of these skills have not been well described, and the threshold of “competence” or “entrustability” for each of these tasks remains elusive. The author presents an approach to measuring competence in the domain of osteopathic manipulative medicine using a milestone rubric to assess skills related to osteopathic screening, diagnosis, technique, and explanation. This rubric can be applied to all levels of osteopathic training and across many diagnostic and treatment modalities. Clearly defining and assessing the individual skills composing competence in osteopathic manipulative medicine will be increasingly important as medical education continues to evolve and modernize.
Scalp Sarcoidosis Presenting as Cicatricial Alopecia
Authors: Prohaska Joseph , Demaree Elizabeth , Powers James , Cook Christopher 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous condition that has a highly variable presentation. One rare presentation of sarcoidosis is cutaneous scalp sarcoidosis. Usually scalp sarcoid presents as a scarring alopecia, but it can be nonscarring. The presence of sarcoidal lesions on the scalp is associated with systemic disease, as are other cutaneous manifestations of sarcoidosis. The authors present the case of a 64-year-old woman with a history of sarcoidosis who presented with alopecia and hypopigmented patches on her scalp. She also had papular sarcoid lesions on her upper back and a history of pulmonary involvement, which is consistent with previous reports in the literature. The condition subsequently improved with topical clobetasol propionate.
AIP1 Suppresses Transplant Arteriosclerosis Through Inhibition of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Inflammatory Response to IFNγ
Authors: Qin Lingfeng , Min Wang , Xin Shijie 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTIFNγ‐induced vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) inflammatory response plays a key role in transplant arteriosclerosis (TA). However, the mechanisms regulating this process remains poorly defined. Here, we show that ASK1‐interacting protein 1 (AIP1) deletion markedly augments the expression of IFNγ‐induced chemokines in mouse aortic allografts. Subsequently, donor arterial grafts from AIP1 deficient mice exhibited an accelerated development of TA. Furthermore, AIP1 knockdown significantly increased IFNγ signaling activation in cultured VSMCs and thus enhances chemokines production in response to IFNγ. Together, we conclude that AIP1 functions as an inhibitor of VSMCs inflammation by regulating IFNγ signaling and therefore suppresses TA progression. Our findings suggest that AIP1 might be a potential therapeutic target for chronic transplant rejection. Anat Rec, 302:1587–1593, 2019. © 2018 American Association for Anatomy
The Mid‐Fusiform Sulcus (sulcus sagittalis gyri fusiformis)
Authors: Weiner Kevin S. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTIn the human brain, the mid‐fusiform sulcus (MFS; sulcus sagittalis gyri fusiformis) divides the fusiform gyrus (FG) into lateral and medial partitions. Recent studies show that the MFS is identifiable in every hemisphere and is a landmark that identifies (a) cytoarchitectonic transitions among four areas of the FG, (b) functional transitions in many large‐scale maps, and (c) the location of fine‐scale functional regions. Thus, simply identifying the MFS in a person's brain provides researchers with knowledge regarding: (a) how cells are organized across layers within a particular cortical location, (b) how functional representations will be laid out in cortex, and (c) the precise location of functional regions from cortical folding alone. The predictive power of the MFS can guide future studies examining the anatomical‐functional organization of the FG, as well as the development of translational applications for different patient populations. Nevertheless, progress has been slow in incorporating the MFS into the broader anatomical community and into neuroanatomical reference sources. For example, even though the MFS is a rare structural–functional landmark in human association cortex as just described, it is not recognized in the recently published Terminologia Neuroanatomica (TNA). In this review, I collate the anatomical and functional details of the MFS in one place for the first time. Together, this article serves as a comprehensive reference regarding the anatomical and functional details of the MFS, as well as provides a growing number of reasons to include the MFS as a recognized neuroanatomical structure in future revisions of the TNA. Anat Rec, 302:1491–1503, 2019. © 2018 American Association for Anatomy
Gram‐Scale Synthesis of Isolated Monodisperse Gold Nanorods
Authors: Khanal Bishnu P. , Zubarev Eugene R. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAlthough gold nanorods (AuNRs) have strong potential applications in nanotechnology, plasmonics, and sensing, the scale‐up synthesis of isolated AuNRs in gram quantities remains a challenge. Nearly all previously reported methods produce aqueous solutions of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)‐coated AuNRs in milligram quantities with yields of approximately 20–30 % in terms of AuI to Au0 conversion. In addition, it is difficult to remove the CTAB bilayer from the surface of AuNRs and yet make them soluble and functionalized for further processing and chemical modification. This report describes the synthesis of monodisperse functionalized AuNRs (standard deviation, σ≈5 %) in gram quantities. Our approach involved increasing the concentration of HAuCl4⋅3 H2O in the growth solution to produce larger quantities of starting AuNRs and further reducing the remaining AuI ions onto the surface of AuNRs. The slow and controlled addition of ascorbic acid as a reducing agent continued the conversion of AuI into Au0 (through a disproportionation reaction) onto the surface of the nanorods, which maintained their uniform morphology without creating any unwanted impurities of various shapes. In addition, this approach significantly narrowed the size distribution owing to continuous growth of the partially grown AuNRs during the initial stage of the synthesis. To isolate a 1 g quantity of the AuNRs and to make them functionalized for further chemical reactions, a ligand‐exchange approach was utilized, in which the CTAB surfactant was replaced with 4‐mercaptophenol. The thiol group from 4‐mercaptophenol formed a covalent bond with the surface of the AuNRs, leaving free functional OH groups available for further chemical coupling reactions. For the ligand‐exchange process, a concentrated solution of 4‐mercaptophenol in tetrahydrofuran solution was introduced into the AuNRs solution. Pure AuNRs functionalized with 4‐mercaptophenol were isolated by dispersion and rinsing with an excess amount of THF, followed by centrifugation.