bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oligomers of α‐ABpeptoid/β3‐peptide hybrid
Authors: Lee Kang Ju , Sable Ganesh A. , Shin Min‐Kyung , Lim Hyun‐Suk 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPeptoids, oligomers of N‐substituted glycines, have been attracting increasing interest due to their advantageous properties as peptidomimetics. However, due to the lack of chiral centers and amide hydrogen atoms, peptoids, in general, do not form folding structures except that they have α‐chiral side chains. We have recently developed “peptoids with backbone chirality” as a new class of peptoid foldamers called α‐ABpeptoids and demonstrated that they could have folding conformations owing to the methyl groups on chiral α‐carbons in the backbone structure. Here we report α‐ABpeptoid/β3‐peptide oligomers as a unique peptidomimetic structure with a heterogeneous backbone. This hybrid structure contains a mixed α‐ABpeptoid and β3‐peptide residues arranged in an alternate manner. These α‐ABpeptoid/β3‐peptide oligomers could form intramolecular hydrogen bonding and have better cell permeability relative to pure peptide sequences. These oligomers were shown to adopt ordered folding structures based on circular dichroism studies. Overall, α‐ABpeptoid/β3‐peptide oligomers may represent a novel class of peptidomimetic foldamers and will find a wide range of applications in biomedical and material sciences.
Enzymatic Route toward 6‐Methylated Baeocystin and Psilocybin
Authors: Fricke Janis , Sherwood Alexander , Kargbo Robert , Orry Andrew , Blei Felix , Naschberger Andreas , Rupp Bernhard , Hoffmeister Dirk 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPsilocybin and its direct precursor baeocystin are indole alkaloids of psychotropic Psilocybe mushrooms. The pharmaceutical interest in psilocybin as a treatment option against depression and anxiety is currently being investigated in advanced clinical trials. Here, we report a biocatalytic route to synthesize 6‐methylated psilocybin and baeocystin from 4‐hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐l‐tryptophan, which was decarboxylated and phosphorylated by the Psilocybe cubensis biosynthesis enzymes PsiD and PsiK. N‐Methylation was catalyzed by PsiM. We further present an in silico structural model of PsiM that revealed a well‐conserved SAM‐binding core along with peripheral nonconserved elements that likely govern substrate preferences.
Complex regional pain syndrome: A rare but potentially disabling complication of transradial cardiac catheterization
Authors: Wiper Andrew , Amoroso Giovanni , Rao Sunil , Nolan James 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundChronic Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) is a rare complication following transradial cardiac catheterization.AimsTo discuss the clinical features, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of CRPS.MethodsLiterature review performed.ResultsCRPS is seen rarely in the literature following upper limb arterial access for coronary procedures, which may be due to a low incidence of the syndrome as well as limited recognition and underreporting.DiscussionThe diagnosis and management of CRPS are discussed in detail.ConclusionIf CRPS is a potential diagnosis then prompt early referral to a center with a specialist interest in CRPS is recommended. Prompt diagnosis and early commencement on the correct patient treatment pathway are essential, to avoid potentially life changing disability and the psychological consequences of living with intractable chronic undiagnosed pain.
Transfer Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol Using a Molecular Ruthenium‐Phosphine Catalyst
Authors: Westhues Niklas , Klankermayer Jürgen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTransfer hydrogenation using molecular catalysts has become a powerful tool in synthetic chemistry and a wide range of unsaturated substrates can be reduced with this protocol. Whereas reactions using iso‐propanol as hydrogen donor are already well established, recent examples demonstrate the possibility to use linear alcohols from renewable resources. Herein, the first effective transfer hydrogenation of the challenging substrate carbon dioxide (CO2) directly to methanol is described, applying a molecular ruthenium catalyst and linear alcohols as the hydrogen source. In neat ethanol, TONs up to 121 are achieved under moderate pressures of CO2. Moreover, systematic investigations enable to propose initial acceptorless dehydrogenation of the alcohol, followed by the reduction of CO2 to methanol via ethyl formate, as mechanistic basis.
Template‐Free Self‐Assembly of Artificial De Novo Viral Coat Proteins into Nanorods: Effects of Sequence, Concentration, and Temperature
Authors: Vargas Ernesto Cazares , Stuart Martien A. Cohen , de Vries Renko , Hernandez‐Garcia Armando 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe self‐assembly of protein polymers is a promising route to prepare sophisticated functional nanostructures. However, the interplay between protein self‐assembly by itself and its co‐assembly with a template is not well understood. Silk‐based protein polymers that co‐assemble with DNA to form rod‐like artificial viruses are herein developed and the effects of silk block length, concentration, and temperature in the self‐assembly of the proteins alone are characterized by using a combination of bulk dynamic light scattering (DLS) and single‐molecule atomic force microscopy (AFM). Protein nanorods were slowly formed (up to hours) through the interaction of the silk‐like blocks. The proteins present a silk‐length dependent critical elongation concentration, and above it the amount and size of nanorods rapidly increase. Temperature‐dependent light scattering data was adequately fitted into a cooperative model of nucleation–elongation. These results are also important to understand the self‐assembly of designed viral coat proteins with DNA templates to form artificial virus‐like particles and help us to define general guidelines to design proteins with the ability to precisely organize matter at the nanoscale.
Continued Progress towards Efficient Functionalization of Natural and Non‐natural Targets under Mild Conditions: Oxygenation by C−H Bond Activation with Dioxirane
Authors: D'Accolti Lucia , Annese Cosimo , Fusco Caterina 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe successful isolation and characterization of a dioxirane species in 1988 opened up one of the most attractive methods for the efficient oxidation of simple and/or structurally complex molecules. Dioxirane today rank among the most powerful tools in organic chemistry, with numerous applications in commercially important processes. They were quickly recognized as efficient oxygen transfer agents, especially for epoxidations and for a wide range of O‐insertion reactions into C−H bonds. Dioxirane possess catalytic activity and appear as highly (chemo‐, regio‐, and stereo‐) selective oxidants, despite their reactivity under mild and strictly neutral conditions being controlled by a combination of steric and electronic factors. In this review, we discuss some of the most recent and significant developments in the selective homogeneous and heterogeneous oxyfunctionalization of non‐activated C−H bonds in hydrocarbons of natural and non‐natural targets by using isolated dioxirane or, more generally, by using the ketones (i.e., the dioxirane precursors) as organocatalysts.
Room‐Temperature, Metal‐Free, and One‐Pot Preparation of 2H‐Indazoles through a Mills Reaction and Cyclization Sequence
Authors: Kondo Masaru , Takizawa Shinobu , Jiang Yuzhao , Sasai Hiroaki 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Mills reaction and cyclization of readily available 2‐aminobenzyl alcohols and nitrosobenzenes using thionyl bromide provided 2H‐indazoles in up to 88 % yields. In the metal‐free process, acetic acid played a crucial role for the both Mills reaction and cyclization. A brominated 2H‐indazole could also be obtained through the one‐pot sequence.
A randomized phase 3 trial comparing nimotuzumab plus cisplatin chemoradiotherapy versus cisplatin chemoradiotherapy alone in locally advanced head and neck cancer
Authors: Patil Vijay Maruti , Noronha Vanita , Joshi Amit , Agarwal Jaiprakash , Ghosh‐Laskar Sarbani , Budrukkar Ashwini , Murthy Vedang , Gupta Tejpal , Mahimkar Manoj , Juvekar Shashikant , Arya Supreeta , Mahajan Abhishek , Agarwal Archi , Purandare Nilendu , Rangarajan Venkatesh , Balaji Arun , Chaudhari Sameer Vasant , Banavali Shripad , Kannan Sadhana , Bhattacharjee Atanu , D’Cruz Anil K. , Chaturvedi Pankaj , Pai Prathamesh S. , Chaukar Devendra , Pantvaidya Gouri , Nair Deepa , Nair Sudhir , Deshmukh Anuja , Thiagarajan Shivakumar , Mathrudev Vijayalakshmi , Manjrekar Aparna , Dhumal Sachin , Maske Kamesh , Bhelekar Arti Sanjay , Nawale Kavita , Chandrasekharan Arun , Pande Nikhil , Goel Alok , Talreja Vikas , Simha Vijai , Srinivas Sujay , Swami Rohit , Vallathol Dilip Harindran , Dsouza Hollis , Shrirangwar Sameer , Turkar Siddharth , Abraham George , Thanky Aditi Harsh , Patel Usha , Pandey Manish Kumar , Prabhash Kumar 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundBecause the addition of nimotuzumab to chemoradiation in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer improved outcomes in a phase 2 study, the authors conducted a phase 3 study to confirm these findings.MethodsThis open‐label, investigator‐initiated, phase 3, randomized trial was conducted from 2012 to 2018. Adult patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer who were fit for radical chemoradiation were randomized 1:1 to receive either radical radiotherapy (66‐70 grays) with concurrent weekly cisplatin (30 mg/m2) (CRT) or the same schedule of CRT with weekly nimotuzumab (200 mg) (NCRT).The primary endpoint was progression‐free survival (PFS); key secondary endpoints were disease‐free survival (DFS), duration of locoregional control (LRC), and overall survival (OS). An intent‐to‐treat analysis also was performed.ResultsIn total, 536 patients were allocated equally to both treatment arms. The median follow‐up was 39.13 months. The addition of nimotuzumab improved PFS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.69; 95% CI, 0.53‐0.89; P = .004), LRC (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.50‐0.89; P = .006), and DFS (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.55‐0.92; P = .008) and had a trend toward improved OS (HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.65‐1.08; P = .163). Grade 3 through 5 adverse events were similar between the 2 arms, except for a higher incidence of mucositis in the NCRT arm (66.7% vs 55.8%; P = .01).ConclusionsThe addition of nimotuzumab to concurrent weekly CRT improves PFS, LRC, and DFS. This combination provides a novel alternative therapeutic option to a 3‐weekly schedule of 100 mg/m2 cisplatin in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer who are treated with radical‐intent CRT.
Unrecognized fluid overload during induction therapy increases morbidity in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: Chamoun Kamal , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Wang Xuemei , Naqvi Kiran , Aung Fleur , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Borthakur Gautam , Jabbour Elias , Kadia Tapan , Daver Naval , DiNardo Courtney D. , Jain Nitin , Konopleva Marina , Cortes Jorge , Ravandi Farhad , Yilmaz Musa 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundThe combination of all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) has proven to be the most effective therapy for patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). The majority of the morbidity and mortality from APL therapy occur during the induction phase. The objective of the current study was to identify the risk factors associated with transfer to the intensive care unit (ICU) and endotracheal intubation during induction therapy in patients with APL.MethodsThe authors analyzed the clinical characteristics of 187 patients with newly diagnosed APL who were treated with ATRA and ATO with or without gemtuzumab ozogamicin. The authors documented the percentage change in body weight from baseline to the maximum recorded weight during induction or to the day of ICU transfer.ResultsA total of 18 patients (10%) who initiated therapy with ATRA and ATO on a regular hospital floor required transfer to the ICU after a median of 12 days of induction therapy. The median volume of transfusions was 4350 mL (range, 60‐30,750 mL). The volume of transfusions was the main factor associated with the risk of ICU transfer (odds ratio, 4.1; P < .001). Of the 18 patients transferred to the ICU, 10 patients (5%) required intubation. An increase in the total volume of transfusions, increase in weight ≥10% during induction therapy, and a plasma albumin level ≤3.2 g/dL at the time of diagnosis were found to be associated with an increased risk of endotracheal intubation.ConclusionsLarge volumes of blood product transfusions and unrecognized fluid overload during induction are associated with ICU transfer and endotracheal intubation in patients with APL. These can be prevented by limiting the amount of transfusions, careful monitoring for subtle signs of fluid overload, and early intervention with aggressive diuretic therapy.
Strategies to Build High‐Rate Cathode Materials for Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lv Wei‐Jun , Huang Zhigao , Yin Ya‐Xia , Yao Hu‐Rong , Zhu Hai‐Liang , Guo Yu‐Guo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe development of cathode materials for Na‐ion batteries (NIBs) has benefitted greatly from previous research on Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) due to the similar physicochemical properties between Na and Li. However, the exploitation of high‐rate NIB cathodes has faced greater difficulty compared to the Li counterparts because of the larger ionic radius of Na. Numerous attempts to optimize the composition and structure have been made to address this issue, and great progress has been achieved in recent years. Herein, a systemic review on the latest research in high‐rate cathode materials for NIBs is presented. In addition, a comprehensive analysis on specific reasons hindering the kinetic performance is also discussed, which is expected to deepen the understanding of the mechanisms behind rate performance and provides a new avenue for the design of high‐performance NIBs.
Ag‐CuO Nanocomposites: Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrate and Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Ye Fen , Ju Suxiao , Liu Yuanjun , Jiang Yuerong , Chen Hui , Ge Lihong , Yan Chao , Yuan Aihua 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPorous Ag‐CuO nanocomposites are prepared with a photochemical reduction method. The obtained Ag‐CuO nanocomposites have bifunctions; they can not only be used as surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates, providing an enhancement factor of 3.86 × 107 toward rhodamine 6G (R6G) and 7.08 × 107 toward p‐aminothiophenol, but also can be used as an effective photocatalyst to degrade dyes, including R6G with H2O2 under light irradiation. For example, the Ag‐CuO nanocomposite can degrade 96.7% of R6G within 2 h. It is believed that the porous microstructure provides more “hot‐spots” for SERS and active sites for photocatalytic process, inducing excellent performance. Due to the bifunctions, reuse of the Ag‐CuO SERS substrate is demonstrated with the assistance of light irradiation cleaning process. After eight reuse cycles, the enhancement factor of the substrate to R6G is still retained at 1.45×105.
Structural and behavioral reference model for IoT‐based elderly health‐care systems in smart home
Authors: Ghasemi Farideh , Rezaee Ali , Rahmani Amir Masoud 
Published: May 2019

SummaryIncreasing level of personal and social health and life expectancy has resulted in the growth of aged people population. Elderly care is an essential and costly issue in any society that should be addressed in researches. Elderly care has faced some problems such as elderly solitary, trained caregivers insufficiency, and increasing cost of late diagnosis of diseases and accident. Regarding to these problems, smart home technology can be used as an efficient solution. It provides an expertise, long‐term, and low‐cost care that empowers elderly to have an independent life. In this paper, we propose an architecture for a health‐care system in a smart home. In this architecture, rapid and timely diagnosis of environmental incidents and health risks causes reduction in costs of health care and relief. Given to the vital aspect of health‐care systems, the proposed architecture components and solutions are presented to meet quality attributes such as availability, performance, security, and interoperability. The proposed architecture evaluation is based on the Architecture Tradeoff Analysis Method (ATAM) scenario‐based approach. ATAM is a method for analysis and evaluation of software systems architecture. And quality attributes scenarios are examined to meet quality requirement. Compared with the previous works, more quality attributes are addressed in this paper.
Variable sea‐ice conditions influence trophic dynamics in an Arctic community of marine top predators
Authors: Pratte Isabeau , Braune Birgit M. , Hobson Keith A. , Mallory Mark L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSea‐ice coverage is a key abiotic driver of annual environmental conditions in Arctic marine ecosystems and could be a major factor affecting seabird trophic dynamics. Using stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) in eggs of thick‐billed murres (Uria lomvia), northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis), glaucous gulls (Larus hyperboreus), and black‐legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla), we investigated the trophic ecology of prebreeding seabirds nesting at Prince Leopold Island, Nunavut, and its relationship with sea‐ice conditions. The seabird community of Prince Leopold Island had a broader isotopic niche during lower sea‐ice conditions, thus having a more divergent diet, while the opposite was observed during years with more extensive sea‐ice conditions. Species' trophic position was influenced by sea ice; in years of lower sea‐ice concentration, gulls and kittiwakes foraged at higher trophic levels while the opposite was observed for murres and fulmars. For murres and fulmars over a longer time series, there was no evidence of the effect of sea‐ice concentration on species' isotopic niche. Results suggest a high degree of adaptation in populations of high Arctic species that cope with harsh and unpredictable conditions. Such different responses of the community isotopic niche also show that the effect of variable sea‐ice conditions, despite being subtle at the species level, might have larger implications when considering the trophic ecology of the larger seabird community. Species‐specific responses in foraging patterns, in particular trophic position in relation to sea ice, are critical to understanding effects of ecosystem change predicted for a changing climate.
Influence of preservation methods, sample medium and sampling time on eDNA recovery in a neotropical river
Authors: Sales Naiara G. , Wangensteen Owen S. , Carvalho Daniel C. , Mariani Stefano 
Published: May 2019

AbstractEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) has rapidly emerged as a promising biodiversity monitoring technique, proving to be a sensitive and cost‐effective method for species detection. Despite the increasing popularity of eDNA, several questions regarding its limitations remain to be addressed. We investigated the effect of sampling medium and time, and preservation methods, on fish detection performance based on eDNA metabarcoding of neotropical freshwater samples. Water and sediment samples were collected from 11 sites along the Jequitinhonha River, Southeastern Brazil; sediment samples were stored in ethanol, while the same amounts of water per sample (3 L) were stored in a cool box with ice, as well as by adding the cationic surfactant benzalkonium chloride (BAC). Sediment and water samples yielded a similar amount of fish MOTUs (237 vs. 239 in the first sampling event, and 153 vs. 142 in the second sampling event). Water stored in ice provided better results than those preserved in BAC (239 and 142 vs. 194 and 71 MOTUs). While documenting the effectiveness of eDNA surveys as practical tools for fish biodiversity monitoring in poorly accessible areas, we showed that keeping water samples cooled results in greater eDNA recovery and taxon detection than by adding cationic surfactants (BAC) as sample preservatives. Furthermore, by comparing two sets of samples collected from the same locations at a 3‐week interval, we highlight the importance of conducting multiple sampling events when attempting to recover a realistic picture of fish assemblages in lotic systems.
Effect of ferric carboxymaltose on calculated plasma volume status and clinical congestion: a FAIR‐HF substudy
Authors: Okonko Darlington O. , Jouhra Fadi , Abu‐Own Huda , Filippatos Gerasimos , Colet Josep Comin , Suki Chainey , Mori Claudio , Ponikowski Piotr , Anker Stefan D. ,   for the FAIR‐HF Investigators
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimsIron deficiency worsens symptoms, quality of life, and exercise capacity in chronic heart failure (CHF) and might do so by promoting fluid retention. We assessed whether iron repletion improved congestion in CHF and appraised the prognostic utility of calculated plasma volume status (PVS), a novel index of congestion, in the FAIR‐HF data set.Methods and resultsIn FAIR‐HF, 459 iron deficient CHF patients were randomized to intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) or saline and assessed at 4, 12, and 24 weeks. Using weight and haematocrit, we calculated PVS in 436 patients. At baseline, PVS and weight were −5.5 ± 7.7% and 76.9 ± 14.3 kg, with peripheral oedema evident in 35% of subjects. Higher PVS values correlated to other congestion surrogates such as lower serum albumin. At 4 weeks, FCM was associated with greater reductions in weight (0.02) and PVS (P < 0.0001), and a trend for improved peripheral oedema at 24 weeks (0.07). Irrespective of treatment allocation, patients with a decrease in PVS from baseline to week 24 had higher increments in 6 min walking distance (61.4 m vs. 43.5 m, 0.02) and were more likely to improve their NYHA class (33.3% vs. 15.5%, 0.001). A PVS > −4% at baseline predicted worse outcomes even after adjustment for treatment assignment (hazard ratio 1.88, 95% confidence interval 1.01–3.51, 0.046).ConclusionsIntravenous iron therapy with FCM is associated with early reductions in PVS and weight, implying that decongestion might be one mechanism via which iron repletion aids CHF patients. Calculated PVS is of prognostic utility in this cohort.
Single‐cell transcriptomes of murine bone marrow stromal cells reveal niche‐associated heterogeneity
Authors: Addo Richard K. , Heinrich Frederik , Heinz Gitta Anne , Schulz Daniel , Sercan‐Alp Özen , Lehmann Katrin , Tran Cam Loan , Bardua Markus , Matz Mareen , Löhning Max , Hauser Anja E. , Kruglov Andrey , Chang Hyun‐Dong , Durek Pawel , Radbruch Andreas , Mashreghi Mir‐Farzin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBone marrow (BM) stromal cells are important in the development and maintenance of cells of the immune system. Using single cell RNA sequencing, we here explore the functional and phenotypic heterogeneity of individual transcriptomes of 1167 murine BM mesenchymal stromal cells. These cells exhibit a tremendous heterogeneity of gene expression, which precludes the identification of defined subpopulations. However, according to the expression of 108 genes involved in the communication of stromal cells with hematopoietic cells, we have identified 14 non‐overlapping subpopulations, with distinct cytokine or chemokine gene expression signatures. With respect to the maintenance of subsets of immune memory cells by stromal cells, we identified distinct subpopulations expressing Il7, Il15 and Tnfsf13b. Together, this study provides a comprehensive dissection of the BM stromal heterogeneity at the single cell transcriptome level and provides a basis to understand their lifestyle and their role as organizers of niches for the long‐term maintenance of immune cells.