bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Alcohol‐to‐Jet Conversion Pathway for Drop‐In Biofuels: Techno‐Economic Evaluation
Authors: Geleynse Scott , Brandt Kristin , Garcia‐Perez Manuel , Wolcott Michael , Zhang Xiao 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe alcohol‐to‐jet (ATJ) process is a method for the conversion of alcohols to an alternative jet fuel blendstock based on catalytic steps historically utilized by the petroleum refining and petrochemical industry. This pathway provides a means for producing a sustainable alternative jet fuel (SAJF) from a wide variety of resources and offers a near‐term opportunity for alcohol producers to enter the SAJF market and for the aviation sector to meet growing SAJF demand. Herein, the technical background is reviewed and selected variations of ATJ processes evaluated. Simulation and modeling were employed to assess some ATJ conversion schemes, with a particular focus on comparisons between the use of an ethanol or isobutanol intermediate. Although the utilization of isobutanol offers a 34 % lower conversion cost for the catalytic upgrading process, the cost of alcohol production is estimated to contribute more than 80 % of the total cost at the refinery. The cost of feedstock and alcohol production has a dominant effect on the overall process economics.
A systematic review of risk factors for cataract in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Drinkwater Jocelyn J. , Davis Wendy A. , Davis Timothy M.E. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryType 2 diabetes (T2D) is a risk factor for cataract development. With T2D prevalence increasing, the burden of cataract‐associated vision loss will also increase. We aimed to characterise cataract diabetes‐specific risk factors to assist prevention and management strategies. As part of a systematic review, two investigators independently searched online electronic databases according to a predetermined protocol for relevant published data to end‐March 2018. Studies were included if they were longitudinal with ≥100 participants, diabetes was defined, a description of cataract assessment was provided, data were from humans, and the reports were in English. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale and GRADE. Of 5255 publications identified, 19 from 13 study populations were included. The overall risk of bias was low. There was between‐study variability. Age and glycaemic control were consistently associated with cataract development in T2D, but blood pressure, diabetes duration, sex, and aspirin use were not. Serum lipids and smoking remain possible risk factors, but available data are inconclusive. Glycaemia is the only consistent modifiable risk factor amongst a range of candidate variables. Due to the lack of consistency of the available evidence, and since mortality associated with T2D is declining with the likelihood of increased cataract‐associated vision loss, additional well‐conducted longitudinal studies are needed to identify modifiable risk factors that could prevent or delay cataract formation.
Recovery of cortical volume and thickness after remission from acute anorexia nervosa
Authors: Nickel Kathrin , Joos Andreas , Tebartz van Elst Ludger , Matthis Jamila , Holovics Lukas , Endres Dominique , Zeeck Almut , Hartmann Armin , Tüscher Oliver , Maier Simon 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveReduced grey (GM) and white matter (WM) volumes and increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have been frequently reported in anorexia nervosa (AN), but studies focusing on cortical thickness (CT) are scarce and findings inconsistent. We conducted the first study in AN that analyzed both parameters in the same study to gain novel and comprehensive insight.MethodVoxel‐based morphometry (VBM) analysis was performed on T1‐weighted magnetic resonance images from 34 predominantly adult women with acute AN, 24 REC participants, and 41 healthy controls (HC). Global brain segment volumes (GM, WM, and CSF), regional GM volume, and cortical thickness measures were obtained from the same study sample. We further focused on recovery by including a REC group.ResultsThe GM and WM volumes were decreased, and correspondingly, the CSF volume increased in the AN in comparison to the HC and REC groups. No significant volume differences between the REC and HC groups could be observed. AN patients showed reduced regional GM volumes in the right hippocampus and the left middle and right inferior frontal gyrus. Cortical thinning occurred in the AN group, which was particularly robust in fronto‐parietal areas. The REC and HC groups failed to show any regional GM or cortical thickness differences.DiscussionAN is accompanied by severe loss of brain volume and cortical thickness as assessed by complementary investigation tools. However, these changes seem to be largely reversible, which should be encouraging for therapists and patients. The underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain unclear and should be assessed in further studies.
Post‐catastrophe patterns of abundance and survival reveal no evidence of population recovery in a long‐lived animal
Authors: Keevil Matthew G. , Brooks Ronald J. , Litzgus Jacqueline D. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPopulation catastrophes are widespread, unpredictable phenomena occurring in natural populations that have important, yet frequently underappreciated, consequences for persistence. As human impacts on ecosystems increase globally, the frequency of catastrophes is likely to rise as increasingly fragmented and depleted populations become more vulnerable. Species with slow life histories are expected to recover slowly from catastrophes because of their longer generation times, and assessing their population recovery requires data spanning long periods. We report results from a long‐term mark–recapture study of snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, that experienced a major mortality event from winter predation by river otters. We estimated abundance and survival of nesting females before, during, and 23 yr following the catastrophe. We built multistate mark–recapture models incorporating movement between sites, temporary emigration, and observation effects. We found that during the 3‐yr mortality event, abundance of nesting females declined by 39% overall, and by 49% at our focal nesting area. Apparent survivorship of nesting females during these three years fell from 0.94 before the mortality event to 0.76 at the focal site and 0.86 at adjacent nest sites. Survivorship over the following 23‐yr period averaged 0.972 and 0.940 at the two sampling areas. Despite high post‐catastrophe survivorship and connectivity with other populations, the population failed to recover, displaying consistently reduced abundances across 23 post‐catastrophe years. We discuss the relationship between life‐history attributes and the causes and consequences of local catastrophes and their conservation implications.
Resource selection and movement of male moose in response to varying levels of off‐road vehicle access
Authors: Brown Casey L. , Kielland Knut , Brinkman Todd J. , Gilbert Sophie L. , Euskirchen Eugenie S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMany rural communities are increasingly relying on off‐road motorized vehicles to access wildlife for both subsistence harvest and recreational hunting. Understanding the effects of trail and road networks on wildlife behavior is crucial to effective management for subsistence opportunities in communities that depend on accessible populations as an ecosystem service. We collared 26 adult male moose (Alces alces) in interior Alaska to monitor fine‐scale habitat selection and movement patterns before, during, and after the hunting season in relation to trail and habitat characteristics. Moose response varied by region and the associated distribution of regional hunter trails (e.g., trails and secondary roads). Moose that resided in areas with extensive trail access selected habitat closer to trails and vegetative cover. Additionally, moose step length increased as distance to cover increased. Moose in more remote, less accessible regions avoided areas with high trail densities and selected habitat closer to quality forage during the hunting season. Moose step lengths also increased with higher densities of trails. Our research suggests that landscape‐level hunter access can affect patterns of male moose movement and habitat selection to avoid risk during the hunting season. Our models provide an innovative approach to examining the spatio‐temporal variation of behavioral responses to habitat and landscape features and can serve as a framework for managers to better understand the relationships between human disturbance during the hunting season and wildlife management and conservation.
The prognosis of mid‐range ejection fraction heart failure: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Altaie Saif , Khalife Wissam 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimsMid‐range ejection fraction is a new entity of heart failure (HF) with undetermined prognosis till now. In our systematic review and meta‐analysis, we assess the mortality and hospitalization rates in mid‐range ejection fraction HF (HFmrEF) and compare them with those of reduced ejection fraction heart failure (HFrEF) and preserved ejection fraction HF (HFpEF).Methods and resultsWe conducted our search in March 2018 in the following databases for relevant articles: PubMed, CENTRAL, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, NYAM, SIEGLE, GHL, VHL, and POPLINE. Our primary endpoint was assessing all‐cause mortality and all‐cause hospital re‐admission rates in HFmrEF in comparison with HFrEF and HFpEF. Secondary endpoints were the possible causes of death and hospital re‐admission. Twenty‐five articles were included in our meta‐analysis with a total of 606 762 adult cardiac patients. Our meta‐analysis showed that HFmrEF had a lower rate of all‐cause death than had HFrEF [relative risk (RR), 0.9; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.85–0.94]. HFpEF showed a higher rate of cardiac mortality than did HFmrEF (RR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.02–1.16). Also, HFrEF had a higher rate of non‐cardiac mortality than had HFmrEF (RR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.22–1.41).ConclusionsWe detected a significant difference between HFrEF and HFmrEF regarding all‐cause death, and non‐cardiac death, while HFpEF differed significantly from HFmrEF regarding cardiac death.
A review on solar‐assisted gas turbines
Authors: Ahmadi Mohammad H. , Alhuyi Nazari Mohammad , Ghasempour Roghayeh , Pourfayaz Fathollah , Rahimzadeh Mohammad , Ming Tingzhen 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe thermal energy of the sun can be used for electricity generation. Solar thermal energy can be applied with fossil fuels or independently in order to reduce the cost of generated electricity and CO2 emission. Several cycles are introduced to extract solar thermal energy to be used in power plants. Brayton cycles, Rankine‐Brayton cycles, and supercritical Brayton cycles are among the most conventional ones. Based on the reviewed researches, using solar energy in addition to fossil fuels results in lower carbon dioxide emission and lower levelized cost of the generated electricity. Moreover, thermodynamic and economic analyses of the cycles revealed that heat recovery leads to higher efficiency while increase capital cost. The efficiency of solar‐assisted gas turbines depend on various parameters including pressure ratio, turbine inlet temperature, heat absorber geometry and the performance of the components. The enhancement in the efficiency of the cycles by applying each method depends on the configuration, operating condition. For instance, results have shown that 10% increase in turbine efficiency can led to 6%‐12% improvement in the efficiency of a closed‐Brayton cycle.
Quantitative structure‐property relationship modeling of phosphoric polyester char formation
Authors: Crisan Luminita , Iliescu Smaranda , Ilia Gheorghe , Funar‐Timofei Simona 
Published: September 2018

SummaryA required characteristic for almost all commercial polymers is to be flame retardant. This can be achieved if they have intrinsic flame‐retardant behavior, or by incorporating in them flame‐retardant materials. Polyphopshpoesters can be used as flame‐retardant materials for other polymers. In the present work, the multiple linear regression (MLR) technique was used for a quantitative structure‐property relationship study of char yields of 32 polyphosphonates and polyphosphates. The polyphosphoesters were modeled by their mer units, which were pre‐optimized using the MMFF94 force field. The molecular descriptors derived from the optimized structures were calculated for the minimum energy conformers, using the InstantJChem and Dragon programs. The polymer char yield was related to the structural descriptors, using MLR calculations, which were combined with a genetic algorithm for variable selection. Several stable MLR models were obtained, which were externally validated using seven compounds, as a test set. Model equations emphasize the important influence of structural descriptors to the polymer charring behavior. The best‐developed regression models contain Randić molecular profiles, Geometry, Topology and Atom‐Weights Assembly, and 3D Molecule Representation of Structures based on Electron diffraction descriptors, which influence positively the char formation. These models were used for the prediction of potential char formation of nine polyphosphonates and polyphosphates.
A sociotechnical design toolkit for bridging the gap between systems‐based analyses and system design
Authors: Read Gemma J. M. , Salmon Paul M. , Goode Natassia , Lenné Michael G. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCognitive work analysis (CWA) is a systems‐based framework for analyzing complex sociotechnical systems; however, its ability to directly inform design has been questioned. The Cognitive Work Analysis Design Toolkit (CWA‐DT) was developed to address this gap. This study describes the development, application, and evolution of the CWA‐DT and examines the extent to which it provides a useful approach to design. The evaluation draws upon five case‐study applications. In three applications, involving the design of public transport ticketing systems, railway level crossing environments and road intersections, the toolkit was used in conjunction with CWA. In addition, we present two case studies where the CWA‐DT was used with other systems‐based analysis frameworks (for the design of incident prevention strategies for led outdoor activities and systemic interventions to improve road safety) to illustrate the flexibility of the toolkit. Based on feedback from participants involved in CWA‐DT design processes, it is concluded that it provides a useful approach for translating human factors analyses into design concepts. Additional applications and adaptations of the approach are encouraged.
Outcome of patients with relapsed or refractory anaplastic large cell lymphoma who have failed brentuximab vedotin
Authors: Chihara Dai , Wong Shannon , Feldman Tatyana , Fanale Michelle A. , Sanchez Larysa , Connors Joseph M. , Savage Kerry J. , Oki Yasuhiro 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBrentuximab vedotin (BV) is an anti‐CD30 antibody‐drug conjugate that is highly effective in patients with relapsed/refractory anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). However, survival outcomes following suboptimal response or subsequent relapse are not well known. We conducted a multicenter study analyzing outcomes of patients with relapsed/refractory ALCL who have received BV with a secondary focus on survival after progression following BV. A total of 56 patients were treated with BV for relapsed or refractory ALCL. The overall response rate to BV was 73% with complete response (CR) rate of 46%. The median failure‐free survival and overall survival (OS) after BV were 15.5 month and not reached, respectively. The median duration of response was 27.6 months in patients who achieved CR by BV, while the median OS of those who did not achieve CR by BV was 9.5 months. There was no significant difference in OS between those who underwent stem cell transplant (SCT) and those who did not in patients who achieved CR after BV. However, if patients were in PR after BV, SCT was associated with significantly longer OS. Thirty patients experienced progressive disease on BV or required a subsequent treatment. The median OS after BV failure was 2.9 months with 2‐year OS of 27.1%. There were seven long‐term survivors (≥12 months) following failure. After an adequate response to subsequent salvage therapy, five patients underwent subsequent SCT (three allogeneic and two autologous), four of which were long‐term survivors (17+, 25+, 32+, and 50+ months). In conclusion, BV failure is associated with a poor outcome in patients with ALCL, which defines a small but important group with unmet need. SCT may have benefit in patients with relapsed/refractory ALCL who failed BV.
Comparing the usefulness and applicability of different water footprint methodologies for sustainable water management in agriculture
Authors: Le Roux Betsie , van der Laan Michael , Gush Mark B. , Bristow Keith L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe lack of sustainability of our water resources threatens food security in many places worldwide. Different water footprint (WF) methodologies were investigated for their ability to improve water management at various scales. Methodologies according to the Water Footprint Network (WFN), life cycle assessment (LCA) and hydrological‐based approaches were assessed, and a working example is given for apples produced in South Africa. A fundamental viewpoint was defined and the knowledge hierarchy applied to investigate the approaches and information generated. WFs reported simply as a volume of water used per mass of crop produced cannot indicate the sustainability of the water use unless interpreted within the local hydrological and environmental context. The WFN methodology appears most useful to resource managers due to its quantitative nature and ability to compare blue and green water consumption versus water availability. The LCA approach may be best for comparisons of the impact of different products. None of the methodologies provides a single metric that can be used to inform wise consumer choices as it is not possible to incorporate all the complexities associated with water use into a single number that can be used to inform sustainable water use. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Functional Comparison of Treatment of Intrinsic Sphincter Deficiency with Muscle‐Derived and Adipose Tissue‐Derived Stem Cells
Authors: Cui Lingang , Meng Qingjun , Wen Jianguo , Gao Zhan , Yan Zechen , Tian Yudong , Xu Pengchao , He Xianfei , Yu Haizhou , Lian Pengchao 
Published: September 2018

SummaryThis study investigated the effect of muscle‐derived stem cells (MDSCs) and adipose tissue‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and their differences in a rat model. MDSCs and ADSC were isolated from rats (n = 10), examined for their properties, and labeled with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and β‐galactosidase (β‐gal) gene. Rats received bladder‐neck and transurethral sphincter injection of EGFP‐labeled MDSCs and β‐gal gene‐labeled ADSC and injection of D‐Hanks as a control (n = 24 each group). At 0, 15, 30, and 60 days after cells injection, urinary voiding function was assessed by urine dynamics detector. The rats were killed to harvest their urethras for tracking of MDSCs and ADSC. Western blotting and quantitative real‐time reverse transcription PCR (qRT‐PCR) was performed to detect smooth muscle contents. Urodynamic test showed that MDSCs and ADSC improved the function of urination in rats with intrinsic sphincter deficiency (ISD), and effect of MDSCs‐treatment was more pronounced. In addition, histologic analysis showed that the MDSCs and ADSC‐treated groups had significantly higher myosin and α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) content than the control group. Compared with ADSC‐treated groups, the MDSCs‐treated groups in myosin and α‐SMA content showed the tendency of increase. In summary, MDSCs and ADSCs have obvious effects in the treatment and/or prevention of ISD and transplantation of MDSCs is more effective than ADSC. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(10):976–984, 2018
Preclinical three‐dimensional colorectal cancer model: The next generation of in vitro drug efficacy evaluation
Authors: Sensi Francesca , D’Angelo Edoardo , D’Aronco Sara , Molinaro Roberto , Agostini Marco 
Published: September 2018

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC), the third most common cancer diagnosed in both men and women in the United States, shows a highly ineffective therapeutic management. In these years neither substantial improvements nor new therapeutic approaches have been provided to patients. Performing the early lead discovery phases of new cancer drugs in cellular models, resembling as far as possible the real in vivo tumor environment, may be more effective in predicting their future success in the later clinical phases. In this review, we critically describe the most representative bioengineered models for anticancer drug screening in CRC from the conventional two‐dimensional models to the new‐generation three‐dimensional scaffold‐based ones. The scaffold aims to replace the extracellular matrix, thus influencing the biomechanical, biochemical, and biological properties of cells and tissues. In this scenario, we believe that reconstitution of tumor condition is mandatory for an alternative in vitro methods to study cancer development and therapeutic strategies.
T2 Relaxometry and Diffusion Tensor Indices of the Hippocampus and Entorhinal Cortex Improve Sensitivity and Specificity of MRI to Detect Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease Dementia
Authors: Knight Michael J. , Wearn Alfie , Coulthard Elizabeth , Kauppinen Risto A. 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundQuantitative T2 and diffusion MRI indices inform about tissue state and microstructure, both of which may be affected by pathology before tissue atrophy.PurposeTo evaluate the capability of both volumetric and quantitative MRI (qMRI) of the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex (EC) for classification of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD).Study typeRetrospective cross‐sectional study.PopulationConsecutive cohorts of healthy age‐matched controls (n = 62), aMCI patients (n = 25), and ADD patients (n = 14).Field strength/sequence3T using T1‐weighted imaging, T2‐weighted imaging, T2 relaxometry and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).AssessmentMontreal Cognitive Assessment and paired associate learning tests for cognitive state. Hippocampal subfield volumes by the automated segmentation of hippocampal subfields system from structural brain images. T2 relaxation time and DTI indices quantified for hippocampal subfields. The fraction of voxels with high T2 values (>20 ms above subfield median) was calculated and regionalized for hippocampus and EC.Statistical testsSupport vector machine and receiver operating characteristic analyses from cognitive and MRI data.ResultsqMRI classified aMCI and ADD with excellent sensitivity (79.0% and 94.5%, respectively) and specificity (85.6% and 86.1%, respectively), superior to volumes alone (70.0% and 84.5% for respective sensitivities; 82.2 and 91.1 for respective specificities) and similar to cognitive tests (61.7% and 87.5% for respective sensitivities; 88.2% and 90.7% for respective specificities). Regions of high T2 are dispersed throughout each hippocampal subfield in aMCI and ADD with higher concentration than controls, and was most pronounced in the EC. No other individual qMRI marker than EC volume can separate aMCI from ADD, however.Data conclusionqMRI markers of hippocampal and entorhinal tissue states are sensitive and specific classifiers of aMCI and ADD. They may serve as markers of a neurodegenerative state preceding volume loss.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:445–455.