bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isotype-Switched Autoantibodies Are Necessary To Facilitate Central Nervous System Autoimmune Disease in Aicda−/− and Ung−/− Mice
Authors: Galicia Georgina , Lee Dennis S. W. , Ramaglia Valeria , Ward Lesley A. , Yam Jennifer Y. , Leung Leslie Y. T. , Li Rui , Handy Marcus , Zhang Junxian , Drohomyrecky Paulina C. , Lancaster Eric , Bar-Or Amit , Martin Alberto , Gommerman Jennifer L. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
B cell–depleting therapies have been shown to ameliorate symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients; however, the mechanism of action remains unclear. Following priming with Ag, B cells undergo secondary diversification of their BCR, including BCR class-switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM), with both processes requiring the enzyme activation-induced (cytidine) deaminase. We previously reported that activation-induced (cytidine) deaminase is required for full clinical manifestation of disease in an animal model of MS (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; EAE) provoked by immunization with the extracellular domain of recombinant human myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (hMOG). In this study, we investigated the role of CSR versus SHM in the pathogenesis of EAE. We found that passive transfer of class-switched anti-MOG IgG1 Abs into hMOG-primed Aicda−/− mice is sufficient to fully rescue EAE disease. In addition, we found that the nature of the Ag is an important determinant of EAE severity in Aicda−/− mice because the lack of a diversified BCR does not affect the induction of EAE when immunized with the extracellular domain of rat MOG. To discriminate the effect of either CSR or SHM, we induced EAE in uracil DNA glycosylase–deficient mice (Ung−/−) that exhibit a defect primarily in CSR. We observed that Ung−/− mice exhibit milder clinical disease compared with control mice, concomitant with a reduced amount of anti-MOG IgG1 class-switched Abs that preserved normal affinity. Collectively, these results indicate that CSR plays an important role in governing the incidence and severity of EAE induced with hMOG but not rat MOG.
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Stimulate the Proliferation and IL-22 Production of Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells
Authors: van Hoeven Vera , Munneke J. Marius , Cornelissen Anne S. , Omar Said Z. , Spruit Melchior J. , Kleijer Marion , Bernink Jochem H. , Blom Bianca , Voermans Carlijn , Hazenberg Mette D. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Infusion of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is a promising and increasingly applied therapy for patients who suffer from a variety of inflammatory diseases, including graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), a common and life-threatening complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The therapeutic effect of MSCs is mainly ascribed to their ability to suppress T cells and to support tissue repair. However, clinical response rates in patients with GvHD are limited to 50%, and the determinants for MSC responsiveness are unknown. We recently reported that high frequencies of activated group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) before and after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were associated with a lower risk of GvHD. This may be related to IL-22 production by ILC3s, a cytokine important for intestinal epithelial cell homeostasis. In this study, we investigated whether ILC3s may contribute to the therapeutic effect of MSCs by studying the interaction between MSCs and ILC3s in vitro. ILC3s isolated from human tonsils were cocultured with human bone marrow–derived MSCs for 5 d in the presence of IL-2. Coculture with MSCs enhanced the proliferation and IL-22 production of ILC3s. Reciprocally, ILC3s promoted ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression on MSCs. For both directions, the activation was mainly mediated by cell–cell contact and by MSC-derived IL-7 and likely by aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands. Thus, in addition to inhibiting the proliferation of alloreactive T cells, MSCs also promote the expansion and IL-22 production of ILC3s, which may contribute to healthy homeostasis and wound repair in the treatment of various inflammatory conditions in the intestine, including GvHD.
Comparisons of metabolite profile from paired serum and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid–plasma samples using dry chemistry technology: An emergency department perspective
Authors: Sharma Lokesh Kumar , Dutta Deep , Sharma Neera , Thakur Bhaskar 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: No data is available evaluating the difference in serum versus plasma sample assay of commonly tested parameters in the emergency department, where the sample processing time can be significantly reduced if plasma is used for analysis instead of conventionally used serum. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the differences in serum versus plasma sample estimation of commonly evaluated biochemical parameters using dry chemistry technology.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Paired blood samples were collected from a single venipuncture of 405 patients admitted to the emergency department. Dry chemistry autoanalyzer (Vitros-350, Ortho Clinical Diagnostics) was used to process all the samples.
RESULTS: Data from 401 patients were analyzed. Percentage differences between serum versus plasma samples for all analytes ranged from 0.0% to 57.44% and were <±4% for a majority of parameters, except uric acid (−6.25%), albumin (+11.90%), chloride (–5.05%), phosphorus (−6.06%), creatine phosphokinase (CPK) total (−57.44%), amylase (−37.53%), lipase (−42.74%), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (−8.53%), and C-reactive protein (−7.44%). For albumin, CPK total, amylase, and lipase, the difference between serum and plasma samples was more than the accepted upper range recommended by College of American Pathologists.
CONCLUSION: Glucose, urea, creatinine, bilirubin, total protein, serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, sodium, and CPK-mb can be reliably assayed from either serum or plasma samples in emergency/routine practice. CPK total, amylase, and lipase should always be assayed from serum and not plasma due to significant variations. Uric acid, chloride, phosphorous, and LDH only in emergency situations should be assayed from plasma. For routine assays, serum should be preferred.
Incubation and its effect on Leishman stain
Authors: Sareen Rateesh , Kapil Menka , Gupta GN 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Leishman stain is the universal stain used in staining of peripheral blood smears all over the world.
AIMS: To study the effect of incubation of buffer solution, slide alone and slide & buffer both on standard Leishman staining. The staining at times causes difficulty particularly in rainy season when there is increased moisture.
METHOD: The study comprised of twenty peripheral blood smears selected consecutively in batches of ten each for two successive days . Minor modification in standard Leishman stain was done by either incubating slide or buffer solution or both. The staining characteristics were scored using system by NG et al and the statistical analysis was done.
RESULTS: The highest mean score for background (1.5), nuclear (1.55), cytoplasmic features (1.5) and granules visualization (1.8) were seen in technique involving incubation of both slide and buffer. The results were statistically significant.
CONCLUSION: We found that incubating glass slides or buffer solution or both yield better stained slide. Our study showed that there was better staining features seen in incubated slide verses routine method.
Variable retention harvesting influences belowground plant-fungal interactions of Nothofagus pumilio seedlings in forests of southern Patagonia
Authors: Hewitt Rebecca E. , Taylor Donald Lee , Hollingsworth Teresa N. , Anderson Christopher B. , Martínez Pastur Guillermo 
Published: July 2018

Background
The post-harvest recovery and sustained productivity of Nothofagus pumilio forests in Tierra del Fuego may be affected by the abundance and composition of ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF). Timber harvesting alters EMF community structure in many managed forests, but the impacts of harvesting can vary with the management strategy. The implementation of variable retention (VR) management can maintain, increase, or decrease the diversity of many species, but the effects of VR on EMF in the forests of southern Patagonia have not been studied, nor has the role of EMF in the regeneration process of these forests.

Methods
We evaluated the effects of VR management on the EMF community associated with N. pumilio seedlings. We quantified the abundance, composition, and diversity of EMF across aggregate (AR) and dispersed (DR) retention sites within VR managed areas, and compared them to primary forest (PF) unmanaged stands. EMF assemblage and taxonomic identities were determined by ITS-rDNA sequencing of individual root tips sampled from 280 seedlings across three landscape replicates. To better understand seedling performance, we tested the relationships between EMF colonization, EMF taxonomic composition, seedling biomass, and VR treatment.

Results
The majority of EMF taxa were Basidiomycota belonging to the families Cortinariaceae (n = 29), Inocybaceae (n = 16), and Thelephoraceae (n = 8), which was in agreement with other studies of EMF diversity in Nothofagus forests. EMF richness and colonization was reduced in DR compared to AR and PF. Furthermore, EMF community composition was similar between AR and PF, but differed from the composition in DR. EMF community composition was correlated with seedling biomass and soil moisture. The presence of Peziza depressa was associated with higher seedling biomass and greater soil moisture, while Inocybe fibrillosibrunnea and Cortinarius amoenus were associated with reduced seedling biomass and lower soil moisture. Seedling biomass was more strongly related to retention type than EMF colonization, richness, or composition.

Discussion
Our results demonstrate reduced EMF attributes and altered composition in VR treatments relative to PF stands, with stronger impacts in DR compared to AR. This suggests that VR has the potential to improve the conservation status of managed stands by supporting native EMF in AR. Our results also demonstrate the complex linkages between retention treatments, fungal community composition, and tree growth at individual and stand scales.
Dosimetric effects of anatomical deformations and positioning errors in VMAT breast radiotherapy
Authors: Rossi Maija , Boman Eeva , Skyttä Tanja , Haltamo Mikko , Laaksomaa Marko , Kapanen Mika 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimTraditional radiotherapy treatment techniques of the breast are insensitive for deformations and swelling of the soft tissue. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dose changes seen with tissue deformations using different image matching methods when VMAT technique was used, and compare these with tangential technique.MethodsThe study included 24 patients with breast or chest wall irradiations, nine of whom were bilateral. In addition to planar kV setup imaging, patients underwent weekly cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging to evaluate soft tissue deformations. The effect of the deformations was evaluated on VMAT plans optimized with 5‐mm virtual bolus to create skin flash, and compared to standard tangential plans with 2.5 cm skin flash. Isocenter positioning using 2D imaging and CBCT were compared.ResultsWith postural changes and soft tissue deformations, the target coverage decreased more in the VMAT plans than in the tangential plans. The planned V90% coverage was 98.3% and 99.0% in the tangential and VMAT plans, respectively. When tattoo‐based setup and online 2D match were used, the coverage decreased to 97.9% in tangential and 96.5% in VMAT plans (P < 0.001). With automatic CBCT‐based image match the respective coverages were 98.3% and 98.8%. In the cases of large soft tissue deformations, the replanning was needed for the VMAT plan, whereas the tangential plan still covered the whole target volume.ConclusionsThe skin flash created using an optimization bolus for VMAT plans was in most cases enough to take into account the soft tissue deformations seen in breast VMAT treatments. However, in some cases larger skin flash or replanning were needed. The use of 2D match decreased the target coverage for VMAT plans but not for FinF plans when compared to 3D match. The use of CBCT match is recommended when treating breast/chest wall patients with VMAT technique.
Adaptive state feedback stabilization of more general stochastic high‐order nonholonomic systems
Authors: Li Guang‐Ju , Xie Xue‐Jun 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThis paper investigates adaptive state feedback stabilization for a class of more general stochastic high‐order nonholonomic systems. By constructing the appropriate Lyapunov function, skillfully combining parameter separation, sign function, and backstepping design methods, an adaptive state feedback controller is designed to eliminate the phenomenon of uncontrollability and guarantee global asymptotic stability in probability of the closed‐loop system. Two simulation examples are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method.
A novel adaptive Gauss pseudospectral method for nonlinear optimal control of constrained hypersonic re‐entry vehicle problem
Authors: Xiao Long , Lv Lu , Liu Ping , Liu Xinggao , Huang Guoquan 
Published: July 2018

SummaryOptimal control of constrained hypersonic re‐entry vehicle is difficult due to the complex nonlinear dynamics and nonlinear constraints. A novel adaptive Gauss pseudospectral method with some new strategies is therefore proposed to deal with the optimal control problem of hypersonic re‐entry vehicle to ensure that the complex constraints are satisfied all the way. First, state transformation is applied to make the variables more uniform in quantities. Second, some extreme points are applied in designing appropriate subintervals to track the control profiles effectively and the collocation points are adaptively redistributed based on the evaluated approximation errors. Third, a detection procedure is proposed to ensure that the constraints are satisfied all the way during the whole re‐entry process. The proposed method is illustrated by testing a hypersonic re‐entry vehicle problem. The results reveal that path constraints and terminal conditions are well satisfied. The research results, including the comparison with other methods, such as the classical Gauss pseudospectral method and the control vector parameterization method, show the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive approach.
An Elastic Autonomous Self‐Healing Capacitive Sensor Based on a Dynamic Dual Crosslinked Chemical System
Authors: Zhang Qiuhong , Niu Simiao , Wang Li , Lopez Jeffrey , Chen Shucheng , Cai Yifeng , Du Ruichun , Liu Yuxin , Lai Jian‐Cheng , Liu Ling , Li Cheng‐Hui , Yan Xuzhou , Liu Chungen , Tok Jeffrey B.‐H. , Jia Xudong , Bao Zhenan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAdopting self‐healing, robust, and stretchable materials is a promising method to enable next‐generation wearable electronic devices, touch screens, and soft robotics. Both elasticity and self‐healing are important qualities for substrate materials as they comprise the majority of device components. However, most autonomous self‐healing materials reported to date have poor elastic properties, i.e., they possess only modest mechanical strength and recoverability. Here, a substrate material designed is reported based on a combination of dynamic metal‐coordinated bonds (β‐diketone–europium interaction) and hydrogen bonds together in a multiphase separated network. Importantly, this material is able to undergo self‐healing and exhibits excellent elasticity. The polymer network forms a microphase‐separated structure and exhibits a high stress at break (≈1.8 MPa) and high fracture strain (≈900%). Additionally, it is observed that the substrate can achieve up to 98% self‐healing efficiency after 48 h at 25 °C, without the need of any external stimuli. A stretchable and self‐healable dielectric layer is fabricated with a dual‐dynamic bonding polymer system and self‐healable conductive layers are created using polymer as a matrix for a silver composite. These materials are employed to prepare capacitive sensors to demonstrate a stretchable and self‐healable touch pad.
Overcoming the Ambient Manufacturability‐Scalability‐Performance Bottleneck in Colloidal Quantum Dot Photovoltaics
Authors: Kirmani Ahmad R. , Sheikh Arif D. , Niazi Muhammad R. , Haque Md Azimul , Liu Mengxia , de Arquer F. Pelayo García , Xu Jixian , Sun Bin , Voznyy Oleksandr , Gasparini Nicola , Baran Derya , Wu Tom , Sargent Edward H. , Amassian Aram 
Published: July 2018

AbstractColloidal quantum dot (CQD) solar cells have risen rapidly in performance; however, their low‐cost fabrication under realistic ambient conditions remains elusive. This study uncovers that humid environments curtail the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of solar cells by preventing the needed oxygen doping of the hole transporter during ambient fabrication. A simple oxygen‐doping step enabling ambient manufacturing irrespective of seasonal humidity variations is devised. Solar cells with PCE > 10% are printed under high humidity at industrially viable speeds. The devices use a tiny fraction of the ink typically needed and are air stable over a year. The humidity‐resilient fabrication of efficient CQD solar cells breaks a long‐standing compromise, which should accelerate commercialization.
Copper‐Mediated Difunctionalization of Alkenylboronic Acids: Synthesis of ɑ‐Imino Ketones
Authors: Jiao Ji‐Wen , Bi Hong‐Yan , Zou Pei‐Sen , Wang Zhi‐Xin , Liang Cui , Mo Dong‐Liang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractVarious ɑ‐imino ketones were prepared in good yields through a copper‐mediated difunctionalization of alkenylboronic acids with benzotriazolamine in air. Mechanistic studies showed that ɑ‐imino ketones formation occurred through an initial copper‐mediated coupling reaction to form an enamine, followed by homolysis of the C−Cu bond to produce an ɑ‐radical imine, and finally radical oxidation by air. The ɑ‐imino ketones were easily converted to various useful scaffolds through further transformations.magnified image
Metal–Organic Frameworks for Energy
Authors: Hou Chun‐Chao , Xu Qiang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSerious environmental problems, growing demand for energy, and the pursuit of environmental‐friendly, sustainable, and effective energy technologies to store and transform clean energy have all drawn great attention recently. As a part of the special issue “Energy Research in National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)” this review systematically summarizes the research progress of metal–organic framework (MOF) composites and derivatives in energy applications, including catalytic CO oxidation, liquid‐phase chemical hydrogen storage, and electrochemical energy storage and conversion. Furthermore, the correlation between MOF‐based structures, synthetic strategies, and their corresponding performances is carefully discussed. The further scope and opportunities, expected improvements and challenges are also discussed. This review will not only benefit development of more feasible protocols to fabricate nanostructures for energy systems but also stimulate further interest in MOF composites and derivatives, for energy applications.
Total intravenous anesthesia improves intraoperative visualization during surgery for high‐grade chronic rhinosinusitis: a double‐blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Brunner Jacob P. , Levy Joshua M. , Ada Melissa L. , Tipirneni Kiranya E. , Barham Henry P. , Oakley Gretchen M. , Cox Daniel R. , Nossaman Bobby D. , McCoul Edward D. 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundTotal intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) has been proposed as a method to reduce blood loss during endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Impaired sinonasal visualization due to mucosal bleeding may be burdensome in cases of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with high‐grade inflammatory disease, suggesting a role for TIVA in that disease subgroup.MethodsA double‐blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted of adults undergoing ESS at a tertiary medical center. Patients considered for inclusion had high‐grade CRS defined as either sinonasal polyposis or a preoperative Lund‐Mackay score of ≥12. Subjects were randomized to receive either TIVA or inhaled anesthesia (IA) during ESS. The primary outcome measure was intraoperative visibility as rated by 3 blinded reviewers utilizing the 10‐point Wormald Surgical Field Grading Scale. Secondary outcomes included operative blood loss, complications, and change in quality of life evaluated by the 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22).ResultsA total of 72 patients were randomized into TIVA (n = 37) and IA (n = 35) study arms. Aggregate median (interquartile range) Wormald scores across all reviewers demonstrated a more favorable visual field with TIVA compared to IA (3.5 [2.4‐3.9] vs IA 4.1[3.0‐5.8], p = 0.0089). There was significantly less blood loss in the TIVA group compared to the IA group (200 mL [100‐450] vs 300 mL [200‐500], p = 0.046). Baseline patient characteristics were comparable between cohorts with no significant postoperative complications. No significant changes were detected between postoperative SNOT‐22 scores at 3 months (p = 0.278) and at 6 months (p = 0.396) following ESS.ConclusionTIVA contributes to improved intraoperative visualization and decreased blood loss in patients undergoing ESS for high‐grade inflammatory sinus disease.
Association between allergic rhinitis and poor sleep parameters in U.S. adults
Authors: Roxbury Christopher R. , Qiu Mary , Shargorodsky Josef , Lin Sandra Y. 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundEvidence suggests relationships between allergic rhinitis (AR) and poor sleep parameters, but population‐based studies in the United States are lacking. This study investigates the relationship between AR and sleep parameters in a representative sample of U.S. adults.MethodsCross‐sectional study of 5563 participants ≥18 years old from the 2005–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey who participated in the allergy and sleep questionnaires. The predictor variable was AR (self‐reported hay fever and/or nasal symptoms in the past 12 months). The outcome variables were individual sleep parameters (sleep latency, sleep duration, sleep disorders, sleep habits, sleep medication use, daytime dysfunction). Covariates included age, gender, race, and obesity.ResultsThe population‐weighted prevalence of AR was 36.5%. Adjusting for covariates, subjects with AR had higher odds of sleep latency ≥30 minutes (OR 1.24; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.51; p = 0.04), sleep apnea (OR 1.86; 95% CI, 1.22 to 2.82; p < 0.01), insomnia (OR 1.85; 95% CI, 1.04 to 3.32; p = 0.04), trouble falling asleep (OR 1.43; 95% CI, 1.17 to 1.75; p < 0.01), waking up during the night (OR 1.49; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.99; p = 0.01), waking up too early in the morning (OR 1.46; 95% CI, 1.20 to 1.79; p < 0.01), feeling unrested during the day (OR 1.76, 95% CI, 1.43 to 2.16; p < 0.01), feeling overly sleeping during the day (OR 1.54; 95% CI, 1.25 to 1.90; p < 0.01), not getting enough sleep (OR 1.68; 95% CI, 1.41 to 1.99; p < 0.01), using sleep medication (OR 1.69; 95% CI, 1.23 to 2.33; p < 0.01), difficulty concentrating (OR 1.93; 95% CI, 1.30 to 2.88; p < 0.01), remembering (OR 1.91; 95% CI, 1.22 to 2.97; p < 0.01), managing finances (OR 1.68; 95% CI, 1.09 to 2.56; p = 0.02), working (OR 2.16; 95% CI, 1.45 to 3.22; p < 0.01), and getting things done (OR 2.35; 95% CI, 1.36 to 4.06; p < 0.01) due to daytime sleepiness.ConclusionThis analysis of a representative sample of U.S. adults revealed associations between AR and poor sleep parameters including prolonged sleep latency, insomnia, sleep apnea, sleep disturbances, sleep medication use, and daytime dysfunction. These findings reinforce the need to assess sleep quality in patients undergoing evaluation for AR.