bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short Warm-Side Temperature Distribution Tails Drive Hot Spots of Warm Temperature Extreme Increases under Near-Future Warming
Authors: Loikith Paul C. , Neelin J. David , Meyerson Joyce , Hunter Jacob S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRegions of shorter-than-Gaussian warm-side temperature anomaly distribution tails are shown to occur in spatially coherent patterns in global reanalysis. Under such conditions, future warming may be manifested in more complex ways than if the underlying distribution were close to Gaussian. For example, under a uniform warm shift, the simplest prototype for future warming, a location with a short tail would experience a greater increase in extreme warm exceedances relative to a fixed threshold compared to if the distribution were Gaussian. The associated societal and environmental impacts make realistic representation of these short tails an important target for climate models. Global evaluation of the ability for a suite of global climate models (GCMs) contributing to phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) suggests that most models approximately capture the principal observed coherent regions of short tails. This suggests the underlying dynamics and physics occur on scales resolved by the models, and helps build confidence in model simulations of extremes. Furthermore, most GCMs show more rapid future increases in exceedances of the historical 95th percentile in regions exhibiting short tails in the historical climate. These regions, where the ratio of exceedances projected by the GCM compared to that expected from a Gaussian sometimes exceeds 1.5, are termed hot spots. Prominent hot spots include western North America, Central America, a broad swath of northwestern Eurasia, and the Indochina Peninsula during boreal winter. During boreal summer, central and western Australia, parts of southern Africa, and portions of central South America are major hot spots.
Full-scale measurement on vibration performance of vehicle-mounted optical transceiver mast
Authors: Lei Yao , Wang Jinli , Zhang Lizhong 
Published: September 2018

Background: Mast is mainly used for assisting the communication-vehicle-mounted optical transceiver to obtain a coarse tracking of objects rapidly and accurately, especially when objects are communicating among different regions. Methods: This study first conducts a force analysis of a vehicle-mounted mast specialized for laser communication and then derives dynamic characteristics of the mast under wind load. In order to validate tracking precision and the stabilization of the optical transceiver, and examine the wind disturbance resistance of the mast, a series of field experiments were carried out. Results and Conclusion: Finally, the test errors were analyzed in detail, and the experimental results demonstrated that the tracking error of the vehicle-mounted optical transceiver is less than 80μrad which means the optical transceiver satisfies the system requirements in terms of precision. Furthermore, both theoretical analysis and experimental results revealed that designed mast satisfies the technical requirements of the vehicle-mounted laser communication, thus the feasibility of the mast in vehicle-mounted communication was validated.
Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for lung cancer after induction therapy
Authors: Matsuoka Katsunari , Yamada Tetsu , Matsuoka Takahisa , Nagai Shinjiro , Ueda Mitsuhiro , Miyamoto Yoshihiro 
Published: September 2018

Background Although thoracoscopic surgery is widely performed for early-stage lung cancer, only a few small studies have evaluated the role of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in patients with locally advanced lung cancer who had received preoperative chemotherapy. Methods Among 1655 patients who underwent anatomical lung resection for lung cancer between January 2009 and December 2014 in our institution, we retrospectively examined the short- and long-term outcomes of 110 (6.6%) who had undergone induction therapy. Thoracoscopic surgery was performed in 79 of these patients and thoracotomy in 31. Results In the thoracoscopic group, conversion to a thoracotomy was required in 4 patients. More combined resections were included in the thoracotomy group, and combined resection of large vessels or the carina was carried out only via a thoracotomy. Postoperative complications of grade 3 or above were found in 15 (13.6%) patients, and there was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative complications between the 2 groups. The 3- and 5-year survival rates for the patients overall were 58.6% and 50.3%, respectively. Although there was no significant difference in overall outcome between the 2 groups, the patients with postoperative ypN2 status in the thoracoscopic group had a significantly better outcome than those in the thoracotomy group. Conclusion Although video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery was not suitable for central advanced lung cancer requiring angioplasty or carinal resection, it seems to be useful for patients with locally advanced lung cancer who had undergone induction therapy, especially patients with peripheral lung cancer and mediastinal lymph node metastasis.
Examining the ‘psychopharmacology revolution’ (1950–1980) through the advertising of psychoactive drugs in the British Medical Journal
Authors: Green A Richard , Aronson Jeffrey K , Haddad Peter M 
Published: September 2018

Background: Many modern pharmaceutical products were launched during 1950–1980, as reflected in advertisements in the British Medical Journal ( BMJ). One of the first therapeutic areas to benefit from novel effective medications was psychiatry. Methods: We examined BMJ advertising material between 1950 and 1980, including every other issue over six-month periods (October–March) in 1950/1951, 1955/1956, 1957/1958, 1960/1961, 1962/1963, 1965/1966, 1967/1968, 1970/1971, 1972/1973, 1975/1976, 1980/1981. We recorded numbers of adverts for all pharmaceutical products and for psychiatric drugs; we also recorded trade names, generic names and marketing company. Results: Advertising in BMJ peaked in the 1960s and declined markedly in the 1970s. Adverts for psychiatric drugs as a percentage of total pharmaceutical product advertising was broadly similar during 1955–1980, but with peaks in 1960/1961, 1970/1971 and 1975/1976, reflecting the entry of several novel compounds into the market. The peak marketing of antipsychotic drugs, sedatives and anxiolytic drugs was in 1960 and of antidepressants 1970. The time course of the rise of tricyclics and the switch from barbiturates to benzodiazepines can be seen. Drugs for psychiatry rose from ninth (1955/1956) to fourth (1975/1976) in terms of the number of products in the top 10 therapeutic areas. There is no evidence that they were advertised more aggressively (number of adverts/number of products). Conclusions: The birth of modern psychopharmacology is reflected in th e advertising of psychiatric drugs in BMJ. Many drugs currently used, or their closely related successors, were launched in the early to mid-1960s. This rise in modern pharmaceuticals preceded several other major therapeutic areas.
Effects of aripiprazole on pupillometric parameters related to pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics after single oral administration to healthy subjects
Authors: Koller Dora , Belmonte Carmen , Lubomirov Rubin , Saiz-Rodríguez Miriam , Zubiaur Pablo , Román Manuel , Ochoa Dolores , Carcas Antonio , Wojnicz Aneta , Abad-Santos Francisco 
Published: September 2018

Background: Pupillometry is used for the detection of autonomic dysfunction related to numerous diseases and drug administration. Genetic variants in cytochrome P450 ( CYP2D6, CYP3A4), dopamine receptor ( DRD2, DRD3), serotonin receptor ( HTR2A, HTR2C) and ATP-binding cassette subfamily B ( ABCB1) genes were previously associated with aripiprazole response. Aims: Our aim was to evaluate if aripiprazole affects pupil contraction and its relationship with pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics. Methods: Thirty-two healthy volunteers receiving a 10 mg single oral dose of aripiprazole were genotyped for 15 polymorphisms in ABCB1, CYP2D6, DRD2, DRD3, HTR2A and HTR2C genes by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Aripiprazole and dehydro-aripiprazole plasma concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Pupil examination was performed by automated pupillometry. Results: Aripiprazole caused pupil constriction and reached the peak value at Cmax. HTR2A rs6313 T allele carriers and HTR2C rs3813929 C/T subjects showed higher maximum constriction velocity and maximum pupil diameter. Besides, Gly/Gly homozygotes for DRD3 rs6280 showed significantly lower maximum constriction velocity values. A/G heterozygotes for DRD2 rs6277 showed higher total time taken by the pupil to recover 75% of the initial resting size values. CYP2D6 intermediate metabolisers showed higher area under the curve, Cmax and T1/2 than extensive metabolisers. ABCB1 G2677T/A A/A homozygotes had greater T1/2 in comparison with C/C homozygotes. ABCB1 C3435T T allele carriers and C1236T C/T subjects showed greater area under the curve than C/C homozygotes. Conclusions: Aripiprazole affects pupil contraction, which could be a secondary effect through dopamine and serotonin receptors. Pupillometry could be a useful tool to assess autonomic nervous system activity during antipsychotic treatment.
Adherence to and Persistence with Antidepressant Medication during Pregnancy: Does It Differ by the Class of Antidepressant Medication Prescribed?
Authors: Adhikari Kamala , Patten Scott B. , Lee Sangmin , Metcalfe Amy 
Published: September 2018

Objective: Pregnant women are often concerned about the impact of medication use on their pregnancy, such as congenital abnormalities. This study examined the rate of adherence to and persistence with antidepressant medications during pregnancy based on the class of antidepressants prescribed. Methods: Women who gave birth between 2012 and 2015 in Alberta, Canada; had ≥1 diagnosis of depression within 1 year of preconception in outpatient physician claims, emergency department, or hospitalization administrative data; and were adherent (medication possession ratio ≥80%) to ≥2 consecutive antidepressant prescriptions during the preconception year ( n = 1865) were included in this retrospective cohort study. The rates of adherence and persistence (prescription refill gap ≤30 days) were calculated by antidepressant class and were compared using chi-square tests. Results: During pregnancy, 834 (44.7%; 95% CI, 42.4% to 47.0%) women discontinued antidepressants. Among those continuing antidepressants, the overall rate of adherence was 62.6% (95% CI, 59.4% to 65.7%). The rate differed significantly by medication class ( P < 0.0001), with a rate of 75.1% (95% CI, 68.3% to 80.9%) for serotonin-norepinephrine inhibitors, 60.9% (95% CI, 57.2% to 64.5%) for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, 42.8% (95% CI, 19.9% to 69.3%) for nonselective monoamine reuptake inhibitors, and 37.5% (95% CI, 22.5% to 55.4%) for atypical antidepressants. Only, 40.7% (95% CI, 37.5 to 44.1) of women were persistent with antidepressants for the full pregnancy period—the rate differed significantly by medication class ( P < 0.0001). Conclusions: Adherence to and persistence with antidepressants is low during pregnancy and varies by medication class. Low adherence and persistence can interfere with a therapeutic effect of antidepressants, which may contribute to the worsening of depression symptoms.
The “Children of Crisis”: Making Sense of (Post)socialism and the End of Yugoslavia
Authors: Spaskovska Ljubica 
Published: September 2018

This article is part of the special section titled The Genealogies of Memory, guest edited by Ferenc Laczó and Joanna Wawrzyniak The article traces certain mnemonic patterns in the ways individuals who belonged to the late-socialist Yugoslav youth elite articulated their values in the wake of Yugoslavia’s demise and the ways they make sense of the Yugoslav socialist past and their generational role a quarter of a century later. It detects narratives of loss, betrayed hopes, and a general disillusionment with politics and the state of post-socialist democracy that appear to be particularly frequent in the testimonies of the media and cultural elites. They convey a sense of discontent with the state of post-Yugoslav democracy and with the politicians—some belonging to the same generation—who embraced conservative values and a semi-authoritarian political culture. The article argues that an emerging new authoritarianism and the very process of progressive disillusionment with post-socialist politics allowed for the emergence and articulation of such alternative, noninstitutionalized individual memories that, whilst not uncritical of the Yugoslav past, tend to highlight its positive aspects.
Memories of 1989 in Europe between Hope, Dismay, and Neglect
Authors: Laczó Ferenc , Wawrzyniak Joanna 
Published: September 2018

This article is part of the special section titled The Genealogies of Memory, guest edited by Ferenc Laczó and Joanna Wawrzyniak This introduction to the special section on memories of 1989 calls for a closer analysis of various ways in which narratives of the democratic breakthrough in East Central Europe develop at the transnational, national, and vernacular levels. The four case studies in this section show that the liberal view of 1989 has been neither institutionalized nor internalized as its most common understanding. Instead, we observe a divergence of interpretations, the replacement of 1989 with other symbolic dates, its non-existence in the “working memory” of Western Europeans, as well as disappointments, frustrations, or nostalgia for socialism in East Central Europe.
The Size and Heterogeneity of Egocentric Networks and Social Integration in Hungary
Authors: Gerő Márton , Hajdu Gábor 
Published: September 2018

In this study, we examine the relationship between objective and subjective dimensions of social integration and the size and heterogeneity of an egocentric network using nationally representative databases from Hungary. We measure social integration with the level of trust and the level of public participation (objective dimension) and with individuals’ self-evaluation of whether they are integrated (subjective dimension). Our results show that while the size and heterogeneity of the egocentric network are positively associated, the proportion of relatives among strong ties correlates negatively with objective indicators of social integration. The heterogeneity of weak ties is related positively to public participation. The correlation between the size and composition of egocentric networks and subjective integration is less clear: The proportion of relatives among strong ties seems to be unrelated to the external side of perceived social integration, while it is associated positively with the internal side of subjective integration. The number of strong ties seems to be positively correlated with both sides of subjective integration. These results suggest that higher levels of social integration cannot be achieved without concentrating on more than one of the network’s dimensions. They also underline the need to pay more attention to network characteristics and social support not only regarding perceived social integration but also regarding objective indicators of social integration.
An Ex Vivo Vessel Injury Model to Study Remodeling
Authors: Kural Mehmet H. , Dai Guohao , Niklason Laura E. , Gui Liqiong 
Published: September 2018

Objective: Invasive coronary interventions can fail due to intimal hyperplasia and restenosis. Endothelial cell (EC) seeding to the vessel lumen, accelerating re-endothelialization, or local release of mTOR pathway inhibitors have helped reduce intimal hyperplasia after vessel injury. While animal models are powerful tools, they are complex and expensive, and not always reflective of human physiology. Therefore, we developed an in vitro 3D vascular model validating previous in vivo animal models and utilizing isolated human arteries to study vascular remodeling after injury. Approach: We utilized a bioreactor that enables the control of intramural pressure and shear stress in vessel conduits to investigate the vascular response in both rat and human arteries to intraluminal injury. Results: Culturing rat aorta segments in vitro, we show that vigorous removal of luminal ECs results in vessel injury, causing medial proliferation by Day-4 and neointima formation, with the observation of SCA1+ cells (stem cell antigen-1) in the intima by Day-7, in the absence of flow. Conversely, when endothelial-denuded rat aortae and human umbilical arteries were subjected to arterial shear stress, pre-seeding with human umbilical ECs decreased the number and proliferation of smooth muscle cell (SMC) significantly in the media of both rat and human vessels. Conclusion: Our bioreactor system provides a novel platform for correlating ex vivo findings with vascular outcomes in vivo. The present in vitro human arterial injury model can be helpful in the study of EC-SMC interactions and vascular remodeling, by allowing for the separation of mechanical, cellular, and soluble factors.
Cancer worries and uptake of breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening: A population-based survey in England
Authors: Quaife Samantha L , Waller Jo , von Wagner Christian , Vrinten Charlotte 
Published: September 2018

Objective Some degree of general worry about cancer may facilitate screening participation, but specific worries about the potential consequences (e.g. treatment, death) may act as deterrents. No studies have examined these associations in the same sample. We assessed associations between general versus specific cancer worries and cancer screening participation. Methods In 2016, a population-based cross-sectional survey of adults living in England was carried out. This paper reports analyses of a subsample (n = 1694). Measures included (i) frequency of general cancer worry, (ii) specific worries about the emotional and physical consequences of a cancer diagnosis, and (iii) specific worries about the social consequences of a cancer diagnosis. Logistic regression analyses examined their association with self-reported screening uptake among participants eligible for cervical (n = 671), breast (n = 323), and colorectal (n = 368) cancer screening. Results Frequency of general cancer worry was not associated with screening participation. Specific worry about the emotional and physical consequences increased the odds of participants reporting regular uptake of colorectal screening (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.04–1.90). Specific worry about the social consequences of diagnosis was negatively associated with regular attendance for cervical and breast screening in unadjusted analyses only. In adjusted models, the associations were no longer statistically significant for cervical (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.65–1.03) or breast (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.45–1.04) screening. Conclusions Specific worries about cancer may be differentially associated with participation across screening programmes. Further research is needed, as interventions to optimise informed participation may be improved if the specific worries associated with low participation in each programme are understood.
Reliability of the current newborn screening action value for beta thalassaemia disease detection in England: A prospective study
Authors: Daniel Yvonne , Henthorn Joan 
Published: September 2018

Objective Beta thalassaemias are a group of hereditary red cell disorders resulting in a reduced or absent production of the main adult haemoglobin, adult haemoglobin. In England, the NHS Sickle Cell & Thalassaemia Screening Programme recommends reporting newborn beta thalassaemia disease as an incidental finding when detected whilst screening for sickle cell disease. The current action value to initiate further investigations is 1.5% adult haemoglobin, using high-performance liquid chromatography or capillary electrophoresis. We examined the reliability of this action value. Methods A 44-month country-wide prospective study using data from 13 newborn screening laboratories in England. Results There were 81 cases reported with an adult haemoglobin of 1.5% or less at first-line screen, of which nine were lost to follow-up. The six false-positive results were all of 32 weeks’ gestation or less. Of the 66 true-positives, 36 had confirmatory molecular results (11 of these cases also have results from tandem mass spectrometry), 19 had clinical confirmation and 11 had the results of both parents available which were consistent with the screening result. There was one false-negative, a confirmed beta thalassaemia major case with an adult haemoglobin of 1.7%, above the action value at first-line screen but known to be at risk from parental results and therefore referred into clinical care by the laboratory. Conclusions This study demonstrates a positive predictive value of 91.7%, with a specificity of 99.9% and a sensitivity of 98.5%. These results confirm the reliability of the current action value.
Feasibility of predictive model by clinical and laboratory parameters for risk stratification of geriatric abdominal pain
Authors: Lui Chun Tat , Ching Wei Ming , Tsui Kwok Leung , Chu Ho Cheung , Tsui Alex To Shing , Au Tak Shun , Wong Tai Wai , Fan Kit Ling , Leung Ling Pong 
Published: September 2018

Background: Assessment of geriatric patients presented with abdominal pain had been challenge for emergency physicians with the ageing population. A rapid, reproducible risk stratification model for the assessment of the need for admission for geriatric abdominal pain would be required to identify low-risk patients to be managed as out-patient basis. Objective: Assess the feasibility of risk stratification model to predict the need of hospital admission based on readily available bedside parameters in emergency departments. Methods: This is a multicenter retrospective cohort study in four emergency departments. Patients aged at least 65 who presented with chief complaint of abdominal pain within the previous 7 days of attendance as the chief complaint were included. Chart review was performed for the included patients. The primary outcome was defined as a composite of mortality, abdominal surgery or endoscopic treatment, and other inpatient treatments for abdominal diseases within 14 days, surrogating the need of hospital admission. Logistic regression was modeled to identify independent predictors. The diagnostic accuracy of the risk model was evaluated with the receiver operating characteristic curve and compared with the clinical gestalt of decision for hospital admission by the attending physician. Results: In total, 553 patients were included. Symptoms of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, non-ambulatory presenting status, pain duration, focal abdominal tenderness, hyperglycemia, leukocytosis, and elevated creatinine were independent predictors of the outcome. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the predicted probabilities of the logistic model was 0.741. In keeping for a low-risk criterion to achieve more than 90% sensitivity, the predictive model would only achieve 18.2% specificity which was inferior to clinical gestalt for hospital admission (sensitivity 99.3%, specificity 44.3%). Conclusion: Risk stratification model by clinical assessment and laboratory markers alone were inadequate and inferior to clinical gestalt for identification of the group of patients requiring inpatient treatment.