bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality control of hazelnuts by means of NMR measurements
Authors: Di Caro D , Liguori C , Pietrosanto A , Sommella P 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Hazelnuts are widely used in the confectionary industry for their flavour and taste. In order to guarantee a suitable level of quality, several standards have been defined by international organizations and producing countries. They define the minimum quality requirements of the fruits in terms of dimension, aspect, level of moisture, hidden defects. In this framework, our proposal is related to the set-up of an in-line classification system, based on low field NMR, able to detect the hidden defects of the hazelnuts. The proposed classification procedure is based on the CPMG sequence and the analysis of the transverse relaxation decay. The procedure includes three steps in which different features are detected: (i) moisture content, (ii) kernel development and (iii) healthy detection (presence of mould). Experimental results showed a very good capability to correctly detect the hidden defects, obtaining a sensitivity of 95%, with a specificity (correct detection of the healthy hazelnuts) around the 80%.
Data analysis and inference model for automating operational monitoring activities in Precision Farming and Precision Forestry applications
Authors: Sacco Pasqualina , Gallo Raimondo , Mazzetto Fabrizio 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Each application of Precision Agriculture or Forestry should be supported by a technological platform able to perform, in an integrated way, the following data-information cycle functions: 1) data collection; 2) data processing; 3) data analysis and evaluation; 4) use of information. In accordance to this view, information are data that are usefully used in a decision making process or within a reporting protocol destined to users external to the enterprise (certification tasks). In order to manage the platform in a complete and efficient manner an adequate information system is needed. Firstly, the paper shows a classification of the possible monitoring solutions based on the different enterprise typologies, highlighting the main technological and interpretative requirements. Secondly, some case studies related to the application of operational monitoring in orchards and forestry are introduced, mainly focusing on some peculiar aspects of the algorithms developed for the implementation of the inference engines.
Multi-sensor platform for real time measurements of honey bee hive parameters
Authors: Cecchi S. , Terenzi A. , Orcioni S. , Spinsante S. , Mariani Primiani V. , Moglie F. , Ruschioni S. , Mattei C. , Riolo P. , Isidoro N. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) are well-known insects that have positive effects on the environment and on the human life. They are so important that the decline of honey bee colonies happened in the last years has triggered an increasing interest for their safeguard. In this context, the proposed work aims at developing a multi-sensor platform to monitor the beehives’ conditions in real time, based on the measurement of sounds emitted by the bees, temperature, humidity, CO2, weight inside the beehive, and weather conditions outside the hive. In this paper, a detailed description of the multi-sensor platform is reported and its application in a real scenario is presented.
Automated crop monitoring solutions to assess the blooming charge in orchards: preliminary results achieved by a prototype mobile lab used on apple trees
Authors: Daglio G , Gallo R , Petrera S , Andergassen C , Kelderer M , Mazzetto F 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The paper presents and discusses the use of a mobile lab (ByeLab) equipped with optical sensors (OptRx™ and LiDAR), GNSS- RTK system and an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), to carry out a site-specific bloom charge assessment in apple trees. The collected data are firstly synchronized by a LabView software and then processed by dedicated algorithms in MatLab®. Preliminary investigations were performed in order to evaluate the features of the flower and leaves reflectance signature. It was observed that low NDVI values corresponded to the flowers while higher values to the leaves. It was expected that NDVI show a negative correlation with the bloom charge. Using Terrestrial Laser Scanner it was possible to validate the information about the canopy thickness collected by the LiDARs mounted on the ByeLab. The OptRx™ do not seem suitable to be applied to perform an estimation of the flower charge but, merging the data collected by the two types of sensors it is possible to build descriptive maps, which provide information about canopy thickness and vegetation index values. These can be used as reference for automating machines to be applied in thinning operations according to a site-specific approach.
Setting of a precision farming robotic laboratory for cropping system sustainability and food safety and security: preliminary results
Authors: Orsini R , Basili D , Belletti M , Bentivoglio D , Bozzi C A , Chiappini S , Conti C , Galli A , Giorgini E , Fiorentini M , Malinverni E S , Mancini A , Mazzanti L , Monaci E , Passerini G , Pro C , Santilocchi R , Vignini A , Zenobi S , Zingaretti P 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The acceleration of Digital Agriculture is evident through the increased adoption of digital technologies on farms including smart machines, sensors and cloud computing. In this paper we present the preliminary results of the research project funded by Università Politecnica delle Marche in 2018 “PFRLab: Setting of a precision farming robotic laboratory for cropping system sustainability and food safety and security”, which is still underway. In this context, as first result, an interdepartmental Research and Services Center called “Smart Farming” has been set up with the aim to strengthen multidisciplinary collaborations in the fields of Agriculture and Forestry, Geomatics, ICT and Robotics. Regarding field activities the SPAD 502 as well as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) provide a good estimate of the Chlorophylla+b content in durum wheat leaves so can be used to predict in a quickly and non-destructively way, the crop greenness status and to identify any nutritional deficiencies in real time. Future research activities are certainly needed to fully explore the potentialities of conservation agriculture and precision farming, and to drive the transition process from conventional agriculture to modern conservation agriculture and precision farming techniques. In-depth studies are planned on the combined effect of nitrogen fertilization and soil management on the main production variables of durum wheat in order to evaluate whether specific tools for precision agriculture applications can find significant diffusion even in Mediterranean cereal based cropping systems.
A review on the use of drones for precision agriculture
Authors: Daponte Pasquale , De Vito Luca , Glielmo Luigi , Iannelli Luigi , Liuzza Davide , Picariello Francesco , Silano Giuseppe 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In recent years, there has been a strong activity in the so-called precision agriculture, particularly the monitoring aspect, not only to improve productivity, but also to meet demand of a growing population. At a large scale, precise monitoring of cultivated fields is a quite challenging task. Therefore, this paper aims to propose a survey on techniques, applied to precision agriculture monitoring, through the use of drones equipped with multispectral, thermal and visible cameras. For each application, the main limitations are highlighted and the parameters to be considered before to perform a flight are reported.
Economic benefits of natural tourism: driving community’s participation for conservation in Halimun Salak National Park, Indonesia
Authors: Ekayani M , Nuva  , Pramudita D , Istiqomah A , Tampubolon B I , Osmaleli  
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Natural tourism development is expected to provide added value for ecological and economic aspects of protected areas. Natural tourism activities can generate revenue which can be allocated for conservation as well as provide economic benefits for local communities. With the proviso that tourism activities still benefit communities’ economy, then it possibly will increase their awareness and participation in conservation activities. This research aims to determine the contribution of tourism activities for households’ economy and national park management. Particularly, the contribution of Halimun Salak National Park tourism household income sharing, total household expenses, as well as stakeholder perception related to the conservation at HSNP. The results determine the economic benefits of natural tourism for the community. 66% of local household income was generated from natural tourism and tourism income meets 91% of household expenditure of local communities. Tourism activities could driving community’s participation for conservation in Halimun Salak National Park due to their economic dependencies on tourism.
Finding alternatives of livelihood sources for forest dependent communities in protected areas: a case study of Sebangau National Park, Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia
Authors: Meilani M M , Thwaites R , Race D , Andayani W , Faida L R W , Maryudi A 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This study evaluates the impacts of the establishment of Sebangau National Park (SNP) in Indonesia, on local people’s livelihoods. SNP was established in 2004 and covers more than 560 thousand hectares of peat swamp forest in Central Kalimantan Province. SNP was a production forest for more than 20 years and almost half of the area has been degraded. SNP is surrounded by almost 50 thousand people whose livelihoods depend on SNP’s resources before, during, and after the changing status of the area from production to conservation forest. Nowadays, about 6-7% of local community are categorised as poor people and surviving from their subsistence livelihoods. This study shows that the establishment of the park changes the livelihood strategies of local communities. People shifted their livelihood sources from forest resource extractions, particularly logging, to agriculture (farming and fishing). Some strategies to maintain and improve the livelihoods of local communities within the restrictive regulations of SNP management include: (1) regulating the collection of non-timber forest products so that it would not threaten the ecological balance of the forests; (2) developing agroforestry system; (3) involving local communities in the rehabilitation programs within rehabilitation zone; (4) developing ecotourism; and (5) involving in communities in the REDD+ program prepared by SNP.
Levelling up the collaborative forest management in Indonesia: a review
Authors: Desmiwati  , Christian F Y 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Forestry-related conflict in Indonesia urgently requires a solution, and regional authority has failed to protect forest areas. This failure rooted on the unequal power relations and the discourse applied in governing the forest area. "Collaboration" only exists superficially. The ongoing narration shows that the management of forest resources became the arena of contestation, not for collaboration. Bureaucracy rises with policy and legal narration, private corporations rise with growth and welfare narration, and communities rise with resistance and exclusion narration. The respective narration is diametrically negating and compete to dominate each other, resulting the practice of "legal not legitimate" and "illegal but authentic" on the other side. Starting with that issue, the concept of Collaborative Management’s effectiveness should be levelled up through devolution based on local-users in a polycentric system. These three steps of the policy development are: 1) the formulation of collective narration based on knowledge and local multi-stakeholders discourse; 2) the creation of local actor web as authentic resource users, and 3) institutionalisation of forest resources management and the local resource mobilisation.
Policy advocation: the potential role of independent smallholding oil palm plantation in biodiversity conservation
Authors: Sunkar A , Santosa Y , Masyithoh G , Erniwati  
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Despite the frequent reports of large-scale oil palm plantations’ lack of attention to biodiversity conservation, there is a paucity of reporting on smallholding plantation contributions in this regard. Yet, vegetation heterogeneity supports richer biodiversity, and this is a characteristic of independent smallholdings. This paper discusses the potential role of independent smallholding oil palm plantations in biodiversity conservation with respect to butterfly and earthworms. Data were collected on four large-scale and four smallholding plantations in the Districts of Kampar, Pelalawan, Kuantan, Singingi and Siak of Riau Province, using a time-survey method for butterflies and hand-sorting method for earthworms. The research also used direct interview with oil palm owners and community members to assess the environmental value of independent smallholdings. Results showed that independent smallholdings were considered to be ecologically-friendly, where most have been shown to support higher species richness of butterfly and higher density of earthworms, than large-scale plantations, due to the irregular maintenance practices, as well as proximity to secondary forest and rubber plantations. It can be concluded that the informed management of independent smallholding oil palm plantations could effectively support biodiversity conservation.
Fatal acute haemopericardium associated with rivaroxaban in a patient with non-valvular atrial fibrillation
Authors: Omer Siddiq , Magezi Frederick , Patel Martyn , Alsawaf Ali 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
An 82-year-old female was admitted with chest pain and non-specific T wave changes on her ECG. After 72 hours of conservative management she deteriorated with non-specific symptoms including nausea and a single episode of vomiting. Abdominal and Chest X-rays were unremarkable, blood tests showed worsening Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) on Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD); and raised C-Reactive Protein (CRP) with no obvious symptoms or focus of infection. She rapidly deteriorated going into asystole cardiac arrest and attempts at resuscitation failed.
Post-mortem examination suggested the most likely cause of death was acute spontaneous Haemopericardium due to Rivaroxaban therapy which she was on for non-valvular Atrial Fibrillation (AF).
We believe that this might be the first reported mortality with Rivaroxaban-associated spontaneous haemopericardium in the UK.
Sex differences in the association between salivary telomere length and multimorbidity within the US Health & Retirement Study
Authors: Niedzwiedz Claire L , Katikireddi Srinivasa Vittal , Pell Jill P , Smith Daniel J 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Telomere length is associated with several physical and mental health conditions, but whether it is a marker of multimorbidity is unclear. We investigated associations between telomere length and multimorbidity by sex.

Methods
Data from adults (N = 5,495) aged ≥50 years were taken from the US Health and Retirement Study (2008–14). Telomere length was measured in 2008 from salivary samples. The cross-sectional associations between telomere length and eight chronic health conditions were explored using logistic regression, adjusting for confounders and stratified by sex. Logistic, ordinal and multinomial regression models were calculated to explore relationships between telomere length and multimorbidity (using a binary variable and a sum of the number of health conditions) and the type of multimorbidity (no multimorbidity, physical multimorbidity, or multimorbidity including psychiatric problems). Using multilevel logistic regression, prospective relationships between telomere length and incident multimorbidity were also explored.

Results
In cross-sectional analyses, longer telomeres were associated with reduced likelihood of lung disease and psychiatric problems among men, but not women. Longer telomeres were associated with lower risk of multimorbidity that included psychiatric problems among men (OR=0.521, 95% CI: 0.284 to 0.957), but not women (OR=1.188, 95% CI: 0.771 to 1.831). Prospective analyses suggested little association between telomere length and the onset of multimorbidity in men (OR=1.378, 95% CI: 0.931 to 2.038) nor women (OR=1.224, 95% CI: 0.825 to 1.815).

Conclusions
Although telomere length does not appear to be a biomarker of overall multimorbidity, further exploration of the relationships is merited particularly for multimorbidity including psychiatric conditions among men.
Is the association between blood pressure and mortality in older adults different with frailty? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Todd Oliver M , Wilkinson Chris , Hale Matthew , Wong Nee Ling , Hall Marlous , Sheppard James P , McManus Richard J , Rockwood Kenneth , Young John , Gale Chris P , Clegg Andrew 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Objective
to investigate whether the association between blood pressure and clinical outcomes is different in older adults with and without frailty, using observational studies.

Methods
MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL were searched from 1st January 2000 to 13th June 2018. PROSPERO CRD42017081635. We included all observational studies reporting clinical outcomes in older adults with an average age over 65 years living in the community with and without treatment that measured blood pressure and frailty using validated methods. Two independent reviewers evaluated study quality and risk of bias using the ROBANS tool. We used generic inverse variance modelling to pool risks of all-cause mortality adjusted for age and sex.

Results
nine observational studies involving 21,906 older adults were included, comparing all-cause mortality over a mean of six years. Fixed effects meta-analysis of six studies demonstrated that in people with frailty, there was no mortality difference associated with systolic blood pressure <140 mm Hg compared to systolic blood pressure >140 mm Hg (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.16). In the absence of frailty, systolic blood pressure <140 mm Hg was associated with lower risk of death compared to systolic blood pressure >140 mm Hg (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.77 to 0.96).

Conclusions
evidence from observational studies demonstrates no mortality difference for older people with frailty whose systolic blood pressure is <140 mm Hg, compared to those with a systolic blood pressure >140 mm Hg. Current evidence fails to capture the complexities of blood pressure measurement, and the association with non-fatal outcomes.
Simple Sensitivity Analysis for Differential Measurement Error
Authors: VanderWeele Tyler J , Li Yige 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Sensitivity analysis results are given for differential measurement error of either the exposure or outcome. In the case of differential measurement error of the outcome, it is shown that the true effect of the exposure on the outcome on the risk ratio scale must be at least as large as the observed association between the exposure and the mismeasured outcome divided by the maximum strength of differential measurement error. This maximum strength of differential measurement error is itself assessed as the risk ratio of the controlled direct effect of the exposure on the mismeasured outcome not through the true outcome. In the case of differential measurement error of the exposure, under certain assumptions concerning classification probabilities, the true effect on the odds ratio scale of the exposure on the outcome must be at least as large as the observed odds ratio between the mismeasured exposure and the outcome divided by the maximum odds ratio of the effect of the outcome on mismeasured exposure conditional on the true exposure. The results can be immediately used to indicate the minimum strength of differential measurement error that would be needed to explain away an observed association between an exposure measurement and an outcome measurement for this to be solely due to measurement error.
Asymmetric Effects on Fatality Rates of Changes in Workers’ Compensation Laws
Authors: Gentry Elissa Philip , Viscusi W Kip 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
With irreversible investments in safety, changes in workers’ compensation laws should affect employer incentives asymmetrically: increases in workers’ compensation generosity should cause employers to invest more in safety, but comparable decreases might not cause them to disinvest in existing precautionary programs or equipment. Although maximum weekly benefits caps have been fairly stable, state laws have expanded or restricted workers’ compensation on multiple other dimensions. State laws may impose new requirements regarding burdens of proof, access to medical care, and the duration of benefits. This article estimates the effect of changes in these more comprehensive measures of workers’ compensation laws on workplace safety. Using confidential, restricted data from the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries, the article finds that increases in workers’ compensation generosity lead to a significant decrease in fatality rates, while decreases in workers’ compensation generosity do not significantly increase fatality rates.
Abdominal Etching: Past and Present
Authors: Agochukwu-Nwubah Nneamaka , Mentz Henry A 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Since its inception in the 1980s, liposuction has undergone a tremendous paradigm shift from the simple removal of excess subcutaneous fat to a procedure of extreme sophistication and elegance where we as surgeons are able to mold and shape a patient’s figure. Plastic surgeons have modified this procedure with the overall goal of improving the aesthetic results while focusing on maximizing safety and minimizing complications. These modifications include advanced liposuction technology and techniques, the increasing use of subdermal superficial liposuction, differential liposuction, the advent and introduction of a wide range of cannulas, and the use of fat grafting simultaneously with liposuction for targeted contour and fat repositioning. In this article, the authors discuss in detail the introduction and progression of abdominal etching, a procedure first introduced by the senior author (H.A.M.) in the early 1990s. The authors also present their experience over the past 4 years. In this procedure, the technique of differential liposuction is employed to enhance the detail of abdominal musculature. The literature on abdominal etching is fairly scarce. Thus, the authors hope that this review will not only give the provider a thorough review and understanding of liposuction and its evolution over the years but will also provide an overview of the indications, patient selection, technique, expectations, and complications of abdominal etching as well.

Level of Evidence: 4