bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of High‐Dose Acyclovir Cytomegalovirus Prophylaxis Failure in Abdominal Solid Organ Transplant Recipients
Authors: Siodlak Magdalena , Jorgenson Margaret R. , Descourouez Jillian L. , Leverson Glen E. , Mandelbrot Didier A. , Smith Jeannina A. , Redfield Robert R. 
Published: May 2018

Study ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical course and long‐term impact of high‐dose acyclovir (HD‐A, 800 mg 4 times/day) cytomegalovirus (CMV) prophylaxis failure in a CMV‐seropositive abdominal solid organ transplant population.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingTertiary academic medical center.PatientsA total of 691 adults who received solid organ transplants between January 1, 2008, and June 30, 2013, without lymphocyte‐depleting induction and were prescribed 3 months of HD‐A prophylaxis at the time of hospital discharge. Of those patients, 54 experienced prophylaxis failure, defined as CMV detected via molecular diagnostics or on biopsy while receiving HD‐A (prophylaxis failure group), and 637 did not (comparator group).Measurements and Main ResultsMean ± SD time to failure was 64 ± 23 days; 98% (53/54 patients) was attributable to viremia diagnosed via positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Of these 53 patients, 34% (18 patients) were below the quantifiable range when detected. Median initial and peak CMV PCR for quantifiable readings were 1531 IU/ml (interquartile range [IQR] less than 250–2947) and 4442 IU/ml (IQR less than 250–32,500); 19 (36%) had a single detectable CMV PCR. Treatment was required in 56% (30/54 patients), with a median duration of 63 days; 40% (12 patients) were treated with valganciclovir alone, and the remainder received intravenous ganciclovir. CMV disease resulted in hospitalization in 28% (15 patients). Immunosuppression was modified in 52% (28 patients). The rate of CMV recurrence after 100 days was significantly higher in the prophylaxis failure group (59% vs 13%, p<0.0001). Higher rates of rejection; higher rates of 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year graft failure; and higher rates of 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year mortality were noted in the prophylaxis failure group on univariate analysis (43% vs 30%, p=0.045; 8%, 17%, and 34% vs 4%, 12%, and 17%, p=0.006; and 6%, 17%, and 26% vs 1%, 6%, and 10%, p=0.003, respectively). Multivariate analysis demonstrated an increased risk of graft failure in the prophylaxis failure group (hazard ratio [HR] 1.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1–3.1, p=0.0499) and a trend to increased mortality (HR 1.6, 95% CI 0.83–3.1, p=0.16).ConclusionProphylaxis failure with HD‐A was mostly limited to mild viremia; however, it was associated with significantly reduced long‐term graft survival, likely reflecting the negative impact of CMV viremia.
Cross‐resistance to diflufenican and picolinafen and its inheritance in oriental mustard (Sisymbrium orientale L.)
Authors: Dang Hue T , Malone Jenna M , Gill Gurjeet , Preston Christopher 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDAn oriental mustard population (P40) was identified as resistant to diflufenican by screening at the field rate. As diflufenican and picolinafen both target phytoene desaturase (PDS), cross‐resistance to picolinafen was suspected. The mechanism of resistance and its inheritance to diflufenican and picolinafen were investigated.RESULTSAt the lethal dose (LD50) level, population P40 was 237‐fold more resistant to diflufenican and seven‐fold more resistant to picolinafen compared to two susceptible populations. Population P40 also had a significantly higher resistance to diflufenican (237‐fold) than a previously described P3 population (143‐fold). In addition to the Leu‐498‐Val mutation in PDS identified in all individuals of the P3 and P40 populations, a Glu‐425‐Asp mutation was also found in P40. Neither mutation was detected in any individuals of the susceptible population. As the segregation of phenotype and genotype of the F2 individuals fitted the model for a single dominant allele, resistance to both diflufenican and picolinafen is likely encoded on the nuclear genome and is dominant.CONCLUSIONResistance to diflufenican and picolinafen in the P40 population is likely conferred by Leu‐498‐Val and Glu‐425‐Asp mutations in the PDS gene. Inheritance of resistance to these herbicides is managed by a single dominant gene. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Vapor toxicity of five volatile pyrethroids against Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Anopheles quadrimaculatus (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Bibbs Christopher S , Tsikolia Maia , Bloomquist Jeffrey R , Bernier Ulrich R , Xue Rui‐De , Kaufman Phillip E 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDMosquito mortality has been documented in numerous studies of spatial repellents but the concentration‐dependent toxicity of spatial repellent vapors has not been documented. To address this issue, prallethrin, flumethrin, metofluthrin, transfluthrin, and meperfluthrin were selected for comparative study against Aedes albopictus (Skuse), Ae. aegypti (L.), Culex quinquefasciatus Say, and Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say. Mosquito were exposed to vapors of each chemical for 2, 4, and 24 h with mortality recorded at each time point. A second experiment involved exposing mosquitoes to vapors for 2 h, then transferring them to untreated holding containers and held for 24 h. For these mosquitoes, readings were only taken after 24 h to allow for metabolic detoxification and recovery.RESULTSLC50 and LC90 data indicated that transfluthrin and meperfluthrin had the greatest toxicity across all species, followed by metofluthrin, prallethrin, and flumethrin.CONCLUSIONOur findings, through the direct comparison of these compounds, suggest that transfluthrin, meperfluthrin, and metofluthrin be considered for further development. The vapor toxicity for the aforementioned compounds significantly exceeds prallethrin, which is currently market available as an adulticidal active ingredient in public health pest control. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
A Wiener‐based degradation model with logistic distributed measurement errors and remaining useful life estimation
Authors: Shen Yan , Shen Lijuan , Xu Wangtu 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDegradation data analysis, which investigates degradation processes of products to extrapolate the lifetime properties, is an effective method for reliability analysis. But degradation data that reflect a product's inherent randomness of degradation are often contaminated by measurement errors. To deal with the problem, this paper proposes a Wiener‐based model with an assumption of logistic distributed measurement errors and adopts the Monte Carlo expectation‐maximization method together with the Gibbs sampling for parameter estimation. Based on the model and parameter estimates, an efficient algorithm is proposed for a quick calculation of maximum likelihood value. Also, the estimation of remaining useful lifetime is discussed. Simulation results show that the proposed model is relatively better and more robust in comparison with the Wiener process with Gaussian noises. Finally, the application of the proposed model is illustrated by an example.
Spatial structure of large‐river fish populations across main‐stem and tributary habitats
Authors: Spurgeon J.J. , Pegg M.A. , Hamel M.J. , Steffensen K.D. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe spatial variability in demographic parameters represents fundamental information for conservation and management of large‐river fish populations. We assessed demographic processes including survival and movement across macroscale habitats in a large‐river network using 2 candidate large‐river species with contrasting life history strategies. We used mark–recapture data and a multistate model framework to estimate survival and transition probabilities between main‐stem and tributary habitats for both channel catfish and shovelnose sturgeon. Annual survival for channel catfish was similar in main‐stem and tributary habitats (range in S = 0.47–0.58). Annual survival for shovelnose sturgeon was less in the tributary (S = 0.68) compared with the main stem (S = 0.83). The probability of movement among macroscale habitats differed between species. However, the greatest probability of movement occurred from the tributary to the main‐stem for both channel catfish (ψ = 0.42) and shovelnose sturgeon (ψ = 0.27). Movement between main‐stem and tributary rivers may be a prominent characteristic for both channel catfish and shovelnose sturgeon and could influence population demographic rates and abundance across systems. Riverine fish populations are likely structured across multiple salient scales—including tributary and main‐stem habitats. Consideration of connectivity across tributary and main‐stem habitats with respect to species' life history strategy and life stage may better integrate a systems' perspective for conservation and management of large‐river fish populations.
Study on the capacity of mesoporous alumina with different pore sizes absorb silane inhibitors
Authors: Wei Hu , Shchukin Dmitry G. , Li Cheng 
Published: May 2018

By modifying and optimizing the procedures, which were well described and understood for the synthesis of macroporous alumina, mesoporous alumina–based film has been successfully prepared, In this paper, the orderly mesoporous Al2O3 thin film was prepared by electrochemical workstation, and via supported N‐octyltriethoxysilane (NOS) coupling agent, corrosion inhibitors be loaded into the different pore sizes of mesoporous alumina films. The physicochemical properties of this thin inhibitors carrier film were characterized. Corrosion resistance of mesoporous alumina and honeycomb ceramic macroporous alumina were compared; the conclusion shows that mesoporous alumina film can be used as good corrosion inhibitors carrier and bring out a high‐efficiency inhibition result. Simultaneously, by compared with corrosion inhibition of different pore sizes (20‐50 nm) mesoporous alumina who absorbed NOS, and a general relationship between the different mesoporous alumina pore sizes and the adsorption capacity of NOS was obtained.
Key Morphological Features Favor the Success of Nonnative Fish Species under Reduced Turbidity Conditions in the Lower Colorado River Basin
Authors: Moran Clinton J. , Ward David L. , Gibb Alice C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAs a result of anthropomorphic alterations to the lower Colorado River basin and other southwestern rivers, water turbidity has been greatly reduced and introduced, nonnative fishes thrive in these waterways. To quantify key morphological features that may allow nonnative fishes to displace native fishes, we compared eye diameter (a proxy for visual acuity) and maximum anatomical gape (a proxy for maximum prey size) in native and nonnative fishes of the lower Colorado River basin. In general, nonnative fishes have larger eyes and larger gapes relative to native fishes. Native invertivorous and piscivorous fishes may be at a particular disadvantage when compared with nonnative species from the same trophic guild because native midwater predators have proportionally smaller eyes and mouths. In the historically turbid conditions of the Colorado River, native fish likely had a limited ability to use vision to locate prey and avoid predators. Similarly, native fishes could not identify potential food items from a distance in turbid waters so suction‐based prey capture (where the predator is in close proximity to the prey) may have been favored over ram‐based prey capture (where fish swim from a distance to overtake prey). Many nonnative fish species have a large eye diameter and maximum anatomical gape; these features likely facilitate their ability to visually identify and capture large, elusive prey. These results suggest that the large eyes and large gapes of nonnative fishes make them superior predators and competitors in the clear, anthropomorphically altered southwestern rivers of the USA.
Piscivore Diet Shifts and Trophic Level Change after Alewife Establishment in Lake Champlain
Authors: Simonin Paul W. , Rudstam Lars G. , Parrish Donna L. , Pientka Bernard , Sullivan Patrick J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractInvasions and deliberate introductions of new prey species are likely to affect the prey choice and trophic level of resident predators. Rainbow Smelt Osmerus mordax and Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus are common prey fish species in lakes throughout North America, either as native or nonnative species. The establishment of Alewives in the 2000s in a lake with a native Rainbow Smelt population (Lake Champlain) presented an opportunity to study changes in the diet and trophic level of fish already established in the system. Using stable isotope analysis, we found that Alewives became a major component of predator diets, in particular of the diets of Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar and Walleye Sander vitreus. Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush consumed relatively few Alewives. For Walleyes (the predator with both pre‐ and post‐Alewife isotope ratios available), the δ15N values decreased significantly from the pre‐Alewife period of the late 1990s, indicating that Walleyes feed at lower trophic levels when Alewives are present. Predation on Alewives was correlated with the amount of spatial overlap of predators and prey. Our results show that the introduction of Alewives has altered the predator–prey linkages in Lake Champlain, alterations that can have major effects on food web structure and trophic cascades.
Ab initio computations of molecular systems by the auxiliary‐field quantum Monte Carlo method
Authors: Motta Mario , Zhang Shiwei 
Published: May 2018

The auxiliary‐field quantum Monte Carlo (AFQMC) method provides a computational framework for solving the time‐independent Schrödinger equation in atoms, molecules, solids, and a variety of model systems. AFQMC has recently witnessed remarkable growth, especially as a tool for electronic structure computations in real materials. The method has demonstrated excellent accuracy across a variety of correlated electron systems. Taking the form of stochastic evolution in a manifold of nonorthogonal Slater determinants, the method resembles an ensemble of density‐functional theory (DFT) calculations in the presence of fluctuating external potentials. Its computational cost scales as a low‐power of system size, similar to the corresponding independent‐electron calculations. Highly efficient and intrinsically parallel, AFQMC is able to take full advantage of contemporary high‐performance computing platforms and numerical libraries. In this review, we provide a self‐contained introduction to the exact and constrained variants of AFQMC, with emphasis on its applications to the electronic structure of molecular systems. Representative results are presented, and theoretical foundations and implementation details of the method are discussed.This article is categorized under:Electronic Structure Theory > Ab Initio Electronic Structure MethodsStructure and Mechanism > Computational Materials ScienceComputer and Information Science > Computer Algorithms and Programming
2PI effective action for the SYK model and tensor field theories
Authors: Benedetti Dario , Gurau Razvan 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

We discuss the two-particle irreducible (2PI) effective action for the SYK model and for tensor field theories. For the SYK model the 2PI effective action reproduces the bilocal reformulation of the model without using replicas.
In general tensor field theories the 2PI formalism is the only way to obtain a bilocal reformulation of the theory, and as such is a precious instrument for the identification of soft modes and for possible holographic interpretations. We compute the 2PI action for several models, and push it up to fourth order in the 1/N expansion for the model proposed by Witten in [1], uncovering a one-loop structure in terms of an auxiliary bilocal action.
Constraining the Seismic Potentiality Analysis for Andaman Arc System, NE Indian Ocean
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Basab , Mukhopadhyay Manoj , Mishra Om Prakash , Sengupta Diptansu , Dasgupta Sujit , Elawadi Eslam , Mondal Prabir Kumar , Gonnade Ghanshyam Dharamchand 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
Seismic-potential for the Andaman Arc System (AAS) is evaluated using a three-tier approach: (i) the seismic b-values derived using a revised and homogenized earthquake catalog for Mw ≥ 4.7, with uniform Mw, for the period 1964 – 2013 created from ISC Data, (ii) Free-air gravity-anomalies for AAS and their geologic interpretation and (iii) deep crustal structure from seismic reflection surveys and 3D seismic tomography results. Both long-term spatial b-value anomalies for the period 1964-2013 and temporal b-value anomalies for a shorter period (2002 – 2013) have been estimated. The b-value maps are interpreted in terms of the stress regime acting across AAS and stressed asperities inferred along the strike of AAS. Eight distinguishable seismic-zones are identified and their seismic potential is examined by temporal b-value anomalies in producing moderate to large earthquakes. The latter demonstrates ‘low-high’ or ‘high-low’ couplet over years, and that a variation in b-value more than 20% compared to the previous year value is likely to produce an earthquake event with Mw ≥ 6.0. Some support to this interpretation comes from the regional Free-air gravity-anomalies and deep crustal structure interpreted from hypocentral distribution of earthquakes. The high b-values are seemingly associated with magma chambers or low velocity crust; creating asperity zones due to multiple batholithic intrusions at plate boundary. This geologic interpretation is evidenced by 3D P-wave seismic tomography and velocity heterogeneity study for AAS reported by us elsewhere.
Soil Loss Estimation based on RUSLE along the Central Hunter Valley Region, NSW, Australia
Authors: Joshi Veena U. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
Soil erosion by water has been a major problem since man introduced agriculture in the landscape. Soil erosion is a common hazard which is steadily increasing as a result of human activities in many parts of the world. Hunter Valley of NSW is located in subtropical eastern Australia. The region is known for its diversity in landscape that includes wide floodplains, extensive estuarine wetlands, undulating country, escarpments and rugged sandstone gorges. The region is also well known for wine production. The Hunter Valley has a long history of soil erosion following the European settlement 150 years ago. Currently there have been renewed human activities in the south central part of the region for coal mining, leading to clearance of vegetation and disturbance of soil. The present study addresses the issue of soil erosion in a part of Hunter Region by employing the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE, Renard et al., 1977) model. The results indicate that the average annual soil loss from the area is 0.7 kg/m2/year, which is well beyond the tolerance limit of the soil. Statistical relationships between soil loss and each parameter of the RUSLE equation were obtained and it was found that C factor has significant influence on the average soil loss in the area. An overall picture that emerges out of the study is that the region is continuing to suffer as a result of disturbance in natural environment from the historical times till present.
Response of Mollusk Assemblages to Environmental Conditions: A Case Study from the Burullus Lagoon, Egypt
Authors: Orabi Orabi H. , El-Badry Abd El-Monsef A. , Alhejoj Ikhlas 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
The identified mollusks from the Burullus lagoon of Egypt (Eastern Mediterranean) are represented by four bivalve species and four gastropod species. Sources of heavy metals pollution in the Burullus lagoon include phosphate fertilizers, sewage and oil spills from fishing boats.
The Cerastoderma glaucum species has a wide distribution in the central part of the studied area with satisfying criteria required for good bio-monitors of pollution. High concentrations of heavy metals are found in water, at the eastern side of the lagoon, while low concentrations were detected in the central and western sides of the lagoon. Pirenella conica constitutes the total gastropods assemblages, reflecting this species tolerance to the high concentration of heavy metals. Meanwhile, the total pelecypods in bottom lagoon sediments are completely absent in the eastern parts of the lagoon, which may be due to the sensitivity of pelecypods to the accumulation of heavy metals.
Geochemical Characterization of the Tazareh Coals, Iran
Authors: Pazand Kaveh 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
This study investigates the abundance, modes of occurrence and origin of major and trace elements in the Jurassic Tazareh coal in the northern Iran. A total of 27 samples (coal, coaly shale and siltstones) were collected and analyzed for trace elements by neutron activation analysis (INAA) and for major elements by X-ray fluorescence. The abundance of these elements is discussed in relation to local geological conditions. The correlation between the various elements is demonstrated through scatter diagrams and the possible genetic associations are discussed. Most elements (Al, Si, Na, K, Fe, Mg, Ti, Ba, Cr and REE) are positively correlated with ash yields that are inorganically associated. Bromine displays statistically signiûcant negative correlations with ash yield. The Ca, Zn, Se, As and Co present mixed modes of occurrence in the coal and probably associate with organic fraction.
Effect of microemulsion on foam stability
Authors: Jong Stephen Yin-Chyuan , Nguyen Quoc Phuc 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Microemulsion–foam interactions are significant in the low tension gas process, an emerging enhanced oil recovery method. As oil–water–surfactant systems are subjected to various salinity environments and microemulsion phase behavior varies, foam strength has also been observed to vary. This may be due to the action of oil-swollen micelles within liquid lamellae. Winsor Type I microemulsions were characterized according to surface tension, oil content, oil-swollen micelle size, and viscosity. Their impact on foam stability was quantified via dynamic Bikerman-style glass column tests and static decay tests in a physical rock network microfluidic chip to observe behavior and trends across scales. Foam stability tests demonstrated up to 90% decrease in stability with similar trends at both scales as oil-swollen micelle diameter increased from 9.30 to 27.08 nm and concentration decreased over 80%. Decrease in micelle availability and micellar structuring effectiveness, with interaction effects, explains the impact of microemulsion on foam stability.