bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Multi‐Omics Survey Reveals Novel Specialized Metabolites and Biosynthetic Gene Clusters Under GacS Control in Pseudomonas donghuensis Strain SVBP6
Authors: Muzio Federico Matías , Hamilton Corri D. , Stincone Paolo , Agaras Betina , Haney Cara H. , Petras Daniel , Valverde Claudio 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn Pseudomonas donghuensis SVBP6, isolated from an agricultural field, the well‐conserved Gac‐Rsm pathway upregulates biosynthesis of the antifungal compound 7‐hydroxytropolone (7‐HT). However, 7‐HT does not fully explain the strain's Gac‐Rsm‐dependent antimicrobial activity. Here, we combined comparative transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic approaches to identify novel GacS‐dependent biosynthetic gene clusters (BGC) and/or extracellular specialized metabolites. Our data revealed a broad impact of GacS on gene expression and extracellular metabolite profile of SVBP6. At both the mRNA and polypeptide levels, specialized metabolism was the main affected functional category in the gacS mutant. The major extracellular MS/MS spectral families promoted by GacS were fatty acid amides, fatty acids, and alkaloids. GacS was required for the production of the antimicrobial compound pseudoiodinine and to activate expression of the corresponding BGC. We also detected GacS‐dependent production of 2,3,4‐trihydro‐β‐carboline‐1‐one, which may add to the antimicrobial arsenal of SVBP6. Furthermore, transcriptomics and proteomics pinpointed several GacS‐activated BGCs that had escaped in silico genome mining tools. Altogether, comparative multi‐omics analyses of gacS loss‐of‐function mutants in Pseudomonas isolates are a promising strategy to uncover bioactive metabolites and/or their BGCs. Discovery of novel natural products is important for harnessing the potential of microbiota to improve crop plant growth and health.
Uncompromisingly unique: Tracing the origins of Waikūmete Cemetery in Auckland, New Zealand, 1870–1886
Authors: Hutchinson‐Wong Reuben G. , Boswijk Gretel 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article examines the development of the Waikūmete Cemetery, an understudied part of New Zealand's cemetery story. The cemetery's history leading to its opening is the main focus of this article to understand its role in the cultural and historical development of Auckland, New Zealand. The 1870s saw indecision by the Auckland City Council in choosing a new cemetery site for the city. The contemporary tensions and eventual decision, influenced by legislation, about the cemetery's siting will be discussed. Waikūmete Cemetery's unique context provides an opportunity to consider its history and role in the rise of second‐generation New Zealand cemeteries.
Factors Influencing Postoperative Inpatient Rehabilitation Requirement After Surgical Intervention for Isolated Hip Fracture: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Lynch Daniel J. , Romero Andrew , McFadden James P. , Zeblisky Peter , Liu Huazhi , Ang Darwin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPurposeHip fractures in the elderly, especially those discharged to a rehab facility, have historically been associated with poor outcomes. There has yet to be identified which patients have a higher likelihood of a rehab discharge after isolated hip fracture fixation. The purpose of this study was to identify factors that predispose patients to require short or long‐term rehab after surgical intervention of traumatic, isolated hip fractures.MethodsPatients undergoing operative management of hip fractures (n = 71,849) from 2017 to 2019 at institutions that submitted data to a nationwide database were analyzed retrospectively. Various factors were compared between patients discharged to inpatient rehab (n = 56,178) versus home (n = 15,671).ResultsThe rehab discharge group was significantly older and predominantly female. This cohort had a longer average hospital stay, higher incidence of diabetes, congestive heart failure, chronic renal failure, history of cerebrovascular accident, functionally dependent health status, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, dementia, baseline anticoagulation therapy, and history of myocardial infarction. DVT during hospitalization was encountered more often in patients discharged to rehab. Patients with femoral neck fractures and those undergoing total hip arthroplasty were more often discharged home. Patients with intertrochanteric hip fractures and those undergoing fracture fixation were more often discharged to rehab.ConclusionsMultiple risk factors associated with a significantly higher likelihood of a rehab discharge after isolated hip fracture surgery were identified. Early identification of these patients may provide an opportunity to optimize patients for home discharge and better outcomes.Level of EvidenceLevel III, Case‐Control Study.
UK medical cannabis registry: A clinical outcome analysis of medical cannabis therapy in chronic pain patients with and without co‐morbid sleep impairment
Authors: Datta Ishita , Erridge Simon , Holvey Carl , Coomber Ross , Guru Rahul , Holden Wendy , Darweish Medniuk Alia , Sajad Mohammed , Searle Robert , Usmani Azfer , Varma Sanjay , Rucker James J. , Platt Michael , Sodergren Mikael H. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionChronic pain (CP) affects 35.0%–51.3% of the UK population, with 67%–88% reporting sleep disturbances. Cannabis‐based medicinal products (CBMPs) have shown therapeutic potential in managing CP. Evidence suggests poor sleep worsens pain perception; therefore, this study aimed to assess patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) following CBMP treatment in CP patients with and without co‐morbid sleep impairment.MethodsA prospective cohort study of CP patients from the UK Medical Cannabis Registry was conducted. Participants were separated by baseline single‐item sleep quality scale (SQS) score into sleep impaired (SQS ≤3) and unimpaired (SQS ≥4) cohorts. The primary outcome assessed changes in PROMs from baseline to 1‐, 3‐, 6‐, and 12‐months. Participants completed the following: SQS, General Anxiety Disorder‐7, EQ‐5D‐5L, Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), and Short‐Form McGill Pain Questionnaire‐2. Significance was defined as p < 0.050.Results1139 participants met the inclusion criteria (sleep impaired: n = 517, 45.4%; sleep unimpaired: n = 622, 54.61%). The sleep impaired cohort showed improvements in all PROMs at each follow‐up (p < 0.010). The sleep unimpaired cohort showed similar results (p < 0.050), except in SQS and ED‐5Q‐5L: self‐care and anxiety/depression scores (p > 0.050). However, the sleep impaired cohort observed greater improvements in BPI pain severity (p < 0.050) and SQS (p < 0.001) than the sleep unimpaired cohort at all follow‐ups. 2817 adverse events were self‐reported between both cohorts (p = 0.197).DiscussionThese findings align with literature that shows associated improvements in pain outcomes following CBMP administration. Sleep impaired individuals were more likely to experience greater pain severity improvements. However, this was not confirmed on multivariate logistic regression analysis and instead may be confounded by baseline pain severity.ConclusionWhilst these results show promise for the effects of CBMPs on CP, they must be examined within the limitations of the study design. These findings provide further evidence to support the design of subsequent randomized controlled trials to verify causality between CBMPs and pain outcomes.
Ectopic expression of the grape hexose transporter VvHT5 restores STP13‐deficiency in Arabidopsis and promotes fungal resistance to Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Monnereau Benoit , Gaillard Cécile , Maslard Corentin , Noceto Pierre‐Antoine , Lebeurre Vincent , Cantereau Anne , Coutos‐Thévenot Pierre , La Camera Sylvain 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSugar transporters play a crucial role in plant responses to environmental factors. During plant–pathogen interactions, it is well established that sugar transporters and cell wall invertases are essential for regulating sugar availability at the plant–pathogen interface, impacting both plant resistance and pathogen proliferation. Despite these insights, their role in grapevine defence against pathogens remains underexplored. We examined the expression of sugar transporter and invertase genes in grape leaves infected with the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea. Our results highlighted significant coordinated upregulation of VvHT5, VvcwINV and defence genes, suggesting a role in enhancing sink strength in infected leaves and implementing host defences. Heterologous expression of GFP‐fused proteins confirmed VvHT5 as a plasma membrane‐localized hexose symporter and phylogenetic analysis indicated its close relation with STP13‐like proteins, which are known to be implicated in host resistance across several plant–pathogen interactions. VvHT5 was heterologously expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana, resulting in high constitutive expression of the VvHT5 protein and increased glucose uptake activity. Phenotypic analysis revealed that VvHT5 enhanced basal resistance to B. cinerea and rescued the wild‐type phenotype in STP13‐deficient plants, indicating that VvHT5 is the grapevine orthologue of AtSTP13. Our findings suggest that VvHT5 may facilitate the reabsorption of extracellular monosaccharides, released from VvcwINV activity or damaged tissues during infection. This activity allows host cells to compete with necrotrophic pathogens for extracellular hexoses, thereby restricting sugar availability to the fungus. It would also support host metabolic demands for defence or serve as a signalling mechanism to orchestrate intracellular processes.
Expression of STAT‐ and T‐cell‐related genes in women with first‐line treatment of relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis
Authors: Szewczak Ludmiła , Machcińska Maja , Kierasińska Magdalena , Zawadzka‐Więch Urszula , Maruszewska‐Cheruiyot Marta , Majewski Paweł , Karlińska Anna , Rola Rafał , Donskow‐Łysoniewska Katarzyna 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRelapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis is associated with changes in Jak/STAT pathways in immune cells, but the influence of disease‐modifying drugs on these pathways is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of first‐line disease‐modifying drugs used in treatment of RRMS on expression of the STAT pathway and T‐cell‐related genes in the blood and on serum concentrations of sgp130 and TGF‐β1 in women, as well as on the level of phosphorylated STAT3 and STAT5 proteins in T cells of untreated patients and heathy controls. Expression of STAT1, STAT3, STAT5A, STAT5B, SOCS1, SOCS3, FOXP3, IKZF2, RORC and ICOS genes in the blood of untreated RRMS patients, in the blood of patients treated with interferon‐β, glatiramer acetate, dimethyl fumarate or teriflunomide and in the blood of healthy controls was evaluated using droplet digital PCR. Serum concentrations of sgp130 and TGF‐β1 were evaluated by ELISA. Phosphorylated STAT3 and STAT5 protein levels in T cells were evaluated by flow cytometry. STAT3 gene expression was significantly higher in untreated patients than in healthy control, but the level of phosphorylated STAT3 in T cells was significantly lower. Patients treated with interferon‐β or dimethyl fumarate had significantly lower STAT3 gene expression. Patients treated with teriflunomide had higher STAT1 gene expression, than untreated patients. Patients treated with dimethyl fumarate also had significantly lower RORC gene expression than untreated patients. The study shows the impact of drugs used in first‐line treatment of relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis on expression of STAT and T‐cell‐related genes.
Effects of teachers' aides on students with special needs
Authors: Andersen Simon Calmar , Beuchert Louise , Nielsen Helena Skyt 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of increasing educational support in regular classes on students with special education needs (SEN). We exploit previous randomized controlled trials that added teachers' aides to Danish grade 6 classes combined with rich register data informative about SEN and school assignment. There were three types of teachers' aides: a co‐teacher with a teaching degree, a teaching assistant without a teaching degree, and a coach. We find that the treatments increased inclusion of SEN students in regular classes, by 7–8 percentage points, and that SEN students gained academically. Long‐term follow‐up data indicate that while the academic gains evaporated over time, the treated students were able to stay in regular classes throughout compulsory education and largely followed the same progression as their counterparts in the control group when they moved to upper secondary education. Finally, we show that the costs of the teachers' aides are outweighed by the saved costs of special education.
Investigation of the Flame Stability and Laminar Burning Speed of Propylene/Air/Carbon Dioxide Mixtures Under Conditions of Elevated Temperatures and Pressures
Authors: Lu Zhenyu , Metghalchi Hameed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Propylene is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C3H6. It is considered a natural refrigerant and has gained attention in recent years due to its low environmental impact. However, it is highly flammable. To reduce its flammability, it is proposed to mix propylene with carbon dioxide. In this study, the laminar burning speed of mixtures of propylene, carbon dioxide, and air has been measured at high temperatures and pressures. Pictures of flame propagation are captured by a Z-shaped Schlieren system with a high-speed complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) camera. These pictures have been used to determine if the flame is smooth or it is cellular and unstable. The measurement was performed in a constant volume cylindrical chamber. Laminar burning speed was obtained only for those flames that were smooth and spherical. Also, burning speed was only measured for flame radii larger than 4 cm. The burning speed was calculated by a thermodynamic model with the pressure rise data as an input. Propylene/air/carbon dioxide mixtures were burned at different initial temperatures, pressures, and fuel/air equivalence ratios (ϕ) and diluted with concentrations of carbon dioxide (D). The experimental measured values of the burning speed were fitted to power-law correlation. The laminar burning speed was calculated at the temperature range of 298 K–500 K, pressure range of 0.5 atm–4.2 atm, equivalence ratio range of 0.8–1.2, and concentrations of CO2 range of 0–60% in the unburned mixture. These data have increased the range of data from the previously reported values drastically.
Octane Response of Gasoline Fuels to Different Antiknock Oxygenates Addition
Authors: Lyu Delin , Cui Xuanjie , Huang Zhen , Han Dong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A series of renewable and clean oxygenated compounds possessing high octane numbers, including alcohols, ethers, esters, and furans, were used as octane boosters for gasoline fuels, and the octane responses of the gasoline fuels to these oxygenates addition were evaluated. Gasoline model fuels of different typical hydrocarbon compounds, including iso-octane, n-heptane, toluene, diisobutylene, and cyclohexane, were designed to have the identical octane rating. The research octane number (RON) and motor octane number (MON) of the gasoline model fuels with antiknock oxygenates addition were experimentally measured on a standard cooperative fuel research (CFR) engine. The results highlight the varied impact of antiknock oxygenates on the octane enhancement of gasoline fuels, with 2-methylfuran exhibiting the most pronounced RON boost effect and ethanol demonstrating the strongest MON enhancement effects, and isopropyl ether and dimethyl carbonate show the weakest RON and MON boost effects, respectively. The antiknock enhancement effects of the oxygenated additives are dependent on gasoline fuel compositions. With the antiknock oxygenates addition, primary reference fuel (PRF) model fuel shows more significant octane enhancements, and the octane boosting effects are reduced for the gasoline model fuels containing toluene or diisobutylene, indicating an antagonistic interaction between the oxygenates and toluene/diisobutylene. By comparing the octane enhancement effects of the tested antiknock additives, it is evident that 2-methylfuran and ethanol are the more superior antiknock candidates for gasoline fuels.
Physics-Informed Bayesian Neural Networks for Solving Phonon Boltzmann Transport Equation in Forward and Inverse Problems With Sparse and Noisy Data
Authors: Li Ruiyang , Zhou Jiahang , Wang Jian-Xun , Luo Tengfei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Nondiffusive phonon transport presents significant challenges in micro/nanoscale thermal characterization, compounded by the limitations of experimental-numerical techniques and the presence of measurement noise. Additionally, inverse modeling and uncertainty quantification (UQ) for submicron thermal transport remain under-explored. In this study, we introduce a physics-informed Bayesian deep learning framework designed to address phonon Boltzmann transport equation (BTE)-based forward and inverse problems leveraging limited and noisy data. Our approach combines Bayesian neural networks with a nonparametric variational inference method, formulating the BTE-constrained training in a Bayesian manner. This enables the estimation of the posterior distribution of neural network parameters and unknown equation parameters based on a likelihood function that incorporates uncertainties from both the measurement data and the BTE model. Through numerical experiments on various phonon transport scenarios, we demonstrate that our method can accurately reconstruct temperature and heat flux profiles, infer critical quantities of interest (e.g., Knudsen number), and provide robust uncertainty quantification, even when data is sparse and noisy. This framework enhances our capability to conduct nondiffusive thermal simulations and inverse modeling with quantified uncertainty, offering a powerful tool for advancing thermal transport research and optimization in micro/nanoscale devices.
Association Between Leisure-Time Physical Activity and All-Cause Mortality Among Stroke Survivors: Findings From National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Ju Min , Li Yangzheng , Pei Junjie , Xing Jiayi , Wu Lingyi , Liu He , Liao Zhiping , Zhuang YiYu 
Published: November 2024

Background: Stroke is the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability globally. But little is known about the optimal level of physical activity for stroke survivors. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the dose–response relationship between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and all-cause mortality in stroke survivors. Methods: One-thousand six hundred and sixty-four stroke survivors form from the 1999 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were classified into 6 groups: 0, 1 to 149, 150 to 299, 300 to 599, 600 to 899, and ≥900 minutes per week (based on the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire). Cox proportional hazards regression models with different adjustments of covariates were used to investigate the association between LTPA and all-cause mortality. Results: Except for stroke survivors with LTPA levels ranging from 600 to 899 minutes per week (P = .055), there was a significant difference in survival rates among stroke survivors with different levels of LTPA compared with those without LTPA. Stroke survivors engaging in LTPA levels exceeding 900 minutes per week exhibited the greatest benefit compared with stroke survivors who did not engage in LTPA (hazard ratio = 0.225; 95% confidence interval, 0.122–0.414). Conclusions: Our research findings add to the expanding evidence base that highlights the favorable connection between LTPA and decreased risk of all-cause mortality among individuals who have survived a stroke. Our study emphasizes the significance of incorporating physical activity interventions into the poststroke care regimen and underscores the potential advantages of personalized activity guidance.
Are Experiences of Discrimination Associated With Views of Physical Activity and Climate Policy Support in Canada?
Authors: Lee Eun-Young , Khan Asaduzzuman , Vanderloo Leigh M. , Ferguson Leah J. , O’Reilly Norman , Rhodes Ryan E. , Spence John C. , Tremblay Mark S. , Faulkner Guy 
Published: November 2024

Background: Social climate refers to the general feelings, norms, and opinions in a society and may be affected by experiences of discrimination. This study examined whether experiences of discrimination are associated with the social climate of physical (in)activity and support for policies addressing dual benefits of physical activity (PA) and climate change. Methods: Data from the 2023 Social Climate Survey were used (n = 1950; ≥18 y). Adherence to PA guidelines, perceived importance of PA, social norms, and support for 8 policy actions addressing dual benefits were each regressed on experiences of discrimination. Results: Experiencing discrimination was not associated with the importance of PA, causal attribution of physical inactivity (individual vs external), adherence to PA guidelines, or policy support addressing PA and climate change. However, experiencing discrimination was associated with social norms that are favorable to PA: seeing children playing actively outdoors (odds ratio [OR]: 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02–1.06), perceiving that half of people their age meeting PA guidelines (OR: 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02–1.06), agreeing with societal disapproval of physical inactivity (OR: 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01–1.06), and having important people (eg, family/friends) meeting PA guidelines (OR: 1.10; 95% CI, 1.08–1.12). Conclusions: Unlike structural discrimination, interpersonal experiences of discrimination may not shape the perceived importance of and engagement in PA. However, experiencing discrimination may be associated with an individual’s perceptions of their social environment, including how they observe and interpret the behaviors of others within their community. Generally strong support for policies addressing dual benefits, regardless of experiences with discrimination, aligns well with the planetary health agenda.
Hadron-ion collisions in Pythia and the vector-meson dominance model for photoproduction
Authors: Helenius Ilkka , Utheim Marius 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe present an extension to the Pythia Monte Carlo event generator that enables simulations of collisions between a generic hadron beam on a nuclear target with energy variation in event-by-event basis. This builds upon Pythia ’s module for heavy ions, Angantyr, as well as previous work on simulating hadron-proton collisions. As such, the extensions in this work are largely technical, except for a rudimentary model for hadronic fluctuations. With hadron-ion simulations, we implement an explicit vector-meson dominance (VMD) model that can be used to simulate interactions of hadronic component of real photons in photo-nuclear collisions. Such processes can be studied in ultra-peripheral heavy-ion collisions and in the future also with the upcoming Electron-Ion Collider. Our work also has applications to hadronic showers, e.g. air showers initiated by high-energy cosmic rays. We first validate the VMD model by comparing to HERA photoproduction data on proton target. Then we apply this to generate events for ultra-peripheral heavy-ion collisions at the LHC and present the results corresponding to the event-selection criteria matching to a recent ATLAS analysis. We find that single-particle multiplicity and rapidity distributions are well in line with the measured ones. We also construct the Fourier coefficients from two-particle correlations for the simulated events and study whether the resulting azimuthal anisotropies are consistent with the ATLAS results.