bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogenomic insights into species relationships, reticulate evolution, and biogeographic diversification of the ginseng genus Panax (Araliaceae), with an emphasis on the diversification in the Himalayan‐Hengduan Mountains
Authors: Zhang Meng‐Hua , Nie Ze‐Long , Fairbanks Regina A. , Liu Jing , Literman Robert , Johnson Gabriel , Handy Sara , Wen Jun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPanax (Araliaceae) is a small genus containing several well known medicinally important species. It has a disjunct distribution between Eastern Asia and Eastern North America, with most species from eastern Asia, especially the Himalayan‐Hengduan Mountains (HHM). This study used the genomic target enrichment method to obtain 358 nuclear ortholog loci and complete plastome sequences from 59 accessions representing all 18 species of the genus. Divergence time estimation and biogeographic analyses suggest that Panax was probably widely distributed from North America to Asia during the middle Eocene. During the late Eocene to Oligocene Panax may have experienced extensive extinctions during global climate cooling. It survived and diverged early in the mountains of Southwest China and tropical Indochina, where some taxa migrated northwestward to the HHM, eastward to central and eastern China, and then onward toward Japan and North America. Gene flow is identified as the main contributor to phylogenetic discordance (33.46%) within Panax. We hypothesize that the common ancestors of the medicinally important P. ginseng + P. japonicus + P. quinquefolius clade had experienced allopolyploidization, which increased adaptability to cooler and drier environments. During the middle to late Miocene, several dispersals occurred from the region of the HHM to contiguous areas, suggesting that HHM acted as a refugium and also served as a secondary diversification center for Panax. Our findings highlight that the interplay of orographic uplift and climatic changes in the HHM greatly contributed to the species diversity of Panax.
Pharmacokinetics of Salbutamol in Thoroughbred Horses After a Single Intravenous or Inhaled Administration
Authors: Nomura Motoi , Kuroda Taisuke , Ohta Minoru , Kusano Kanichi , Minamijima Yohei , Nagata Shunichi 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTSalbutamol is a short‐acting and selective beta‐2 adrenergic agonist. Inhaled (IH) administration of salbutamol is widely used to control lower respiratory tract disease in horses. Here, we estimated the pharmacokinetic parameters of salbutamol after a single intravenous (IV) or IH administration in six horses, and we statistically analysed the detection times with various dosing regimens. Plasma and urine concentrations of salbutamol were measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, and data were modelled by using a nonlinear mixed effect model followed by Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). With IH salbutamol, the maximum plasma concentration was 0.12 ± 0.06 ng/mL at 0.29 ± 0.17 h after administration. Typical values were, for clearance, 1.53 L/kg/h; distribution volume at steady state, 5.43 L/kg; terminal half‐life, 6.06 h; IH bioavailability, 19.0%; and urine to plasma ratio, 2057. Statistically estimated 95th percentile detection times in the urine at levels below the international screening limit (0.5 ng/mL) proposed by the International Federation of Horseracing Authorities, as simulated in 5000 horses by MCS, were 44 h after 1.6 μg/kg q 24 and 54 h after 1.6 μg/kg q 4 h over a 3‐day IH administration period.
Antimicrobial Pharmacokinetic Studies in Sea Turtles: A Review
Authors: Egelund Eric F. , Jula Alana , Rish Kathleen , Casapao Anthony M. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTSea turtles face various threats to survival, primarily due to human activities, such as bycatch, vessel strikes, pollution, and climate change. Many of these activities can lead to illness or injuries, increasing the risk of infection. Treating infections appropriately and effectively requires knowledge of antimicrobial properties and their ability to eradicate microbes without harm to the sea turtle. Robust pharmacokinetic studies, therefore, are important for appropriate dosing. Herein, we review the studies detailing the pharmacokinetic properties of antimicrobials in sea turtles conducted to date.
Practising the nations and national identity: A longitudinal study of independence day in Israel
Authors: Ariely Gal 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article focuses on the extent to which participating in Independence Day practices influences people's national identity while taking into consideration the differences between public top‐down practices and private bottom‐up habits. It is a longitudinal study that uses a four‐wave panel survey to inspect levels of national identity across time as well as participation in various Independence Day practices over two successive years. There was an increase in the levels of some dimensions of national identity among those who participated in Independence Day practices – both top‐down and bottom‐up – while there were no changes in these levels among those who did not participate.
3D‐Printed Talus‐Calcaneus Prosthesis in Treating Ewing's Sarcoma: A Case Report
Authors: Wang Weiyi , An Jingjing , Lu Minxun , He Xuanhong , Li Zhuangzhuang , Wang Yitian , Gong Taojun , Zhou Yong , Min Li , Luo Yi , Tu Chongqi 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundMalignant tumors originating in the talus are rare and present significant challenges in reconstruction. Traditional treatments, such as below‐knee amputation or tbiocalcaneal fusion, often result in significant loss of ankle function. After tumor resection, reconstruction of the talus and calcaneus is necessary to preserve ankle function. However, the intricate anatomical structure and unique location of the talus and calcaneus present significant challenges for prosthetic reconstruction.Case PresentationHere, we present the case of an 11‐year‐old adolescent patient diagnosed with Ewing's sarcoma of the talus, accompanied by suspected involvement of the calcaneus. Following a comprehensive evaluation, a 3D‐printed talus‐calcaneus prosthesis, which is composed of a ultrahigh‐molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) part and a titanium alloy part, was designed for talus and calcaneus reconstruction. In addition, a porous structure was designed to promote the integration of bone–prosthesis interface. The lesion was completely resected and the prosthesis was precisely installed. After 12 months follow‐up, patients demonstrated favorable function results with the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score was 27/30, and the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score was 92/100. The range of motion for dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, inversion, and eversion of the right ankle joint was measured as 10° and 35°, 15°, and 10°, respectively. The postoperative radiograph showed a good position of the prosthesis. No narrowed joint space was observed. Tomosynthesis shimadzu metal artifact reduction technology (T‐SMART) revealed that integration between bone and prosthesis was good.ConclusionIn this case, we present a case of 3D‐printed talus‐calcaneal prosthesis reconstructing talus and calcaneus. Favorable postoperative function outcome and good integration of the interface were observed. Therefore, this case provides an alternative therapeutic option for the treatment invasive talus tumor accompanied by suspicious contamination of the calcaneus. Nevertheless, a larger cohort study and with longer follow‐up is needed to evaluate the effectiveness and potential complications of this novel prosthesis.
Biomechanical Effects of Different Spacing Distributions Between the Cemented Superior Boundary and Surgical Vertebral Superior Endplates After Percutaneous Vertebroplasty for Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures: A Three‐Dimensional Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Meng Xiao , Zhou Chengqiang , Liao Yifeng , Zhou Haibin , Li Hua , Liu Jiayuan , Tang Xuebin , Wang Yunqing 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivePatients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF) treated with vertebroplasty (PVP) are experiencing an increasing number of problems such as pain recurrence, mainly due to recompression fractures of the operated vertebral body within a certain period of time after the operation, which is closely related to the distribution of intraoperative bone cement. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of different spacing distributions between the upper boundary of the cement and the upper endplate of the operated vertebra on the biomechanics of the operated vertebra after percutaneous vertebroplasty for OVCF using finite element analysis (FEA).MethodsOne patient with L1 vertebral body OVCF was selected, and computed tomography (CT) of the thoracolumbar segment was performed. The CT data were extracted to establish an FEA model of the T12–L2 vertebral bodies. Bone cement was injected into the L1 vertebral body. Based on the spacing between the upper boundary of the bone cement and the vertebral body's upper endplates, the model vertebrae were divided into 0, 2, 4, and 6 mm spacing groups, and the human body's upright, flexion–extension, lateral flexion, and rotational positions were simulated. The biomechanical effects of different spacing distributions on the postoperative L1 vertebral body and the injected bone cement were evaluated.ResultsIn this paper, we found that the Von Mises stress of the L1 vertebrae was the smallest when the spacing between the upper boundary of the bone cement and the vertebral body's upper endplates was 0 mm. The larger the spacing in a certain range between the upper boundary of the bone cement and the vertebral body's upper endplates, the greater the Von Mises stress of the L1 vertebrae. However, in the stress comparison of the injected bone cement, the Von Mises stress of the bone cement was greatest when the spacing between the upper boundary of the bone cement and the upper endplate of the vertebral body was 0 mm; the larger the spacing, the smaller the Von Mises stress.ConclusionWhen the contact spacing between the upper boundary of the bone cement and the upper endplate of the vertebral body is 0 mm, it can effectively eliminate and transfer the pressure caused by the load, thus reducing the stress on the cancellous bone and further reducing the risk of vertebral refracture after surgery.
Linking stomatal size and density to water use efficiency and leaf carbon isotope ratio in juvenile and mature trees
Authors: Petrík Peter , Petek‐Petrík Anja , Lamarque Laurent J. , Link Roman M. , Waite Pierre‐André , Ruehr Nadine K. , Schuldt Bernhard , Maire Vincent 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWater‐use efficiency (WUE) is affected by multiple leaf traits, including stomatal morphology. However, the impact of stomatal morphology on WUE across different ontogenetic stages of tree species is not well‐documented. Here, we investigated the relationship between stomatal morphology, intrinsic water‐use efficiency (iWUE) and leaf carbon isotope ratio (δ13C). We sampled 190 individuals, including juvenile and mature trees belonging to 18 temperate broadleaved tree species and 9 genera. We measured guard cell length (GCL), stomatal density (SD), specific leaf area (SLA), iWUE and bulk leaf δ13C as a proxy for long‐term WUE. Leaf δ13C correlated positively with iWUE across species in both juvenile and mature trees, while GCL showed a negative and SD a positive effect on iWUE and leaf δ13C. Within species, however, only GCL was significantly associated with iWUE and leaf δ13C. SLA had a minor negative influence on iWUE and leaf δ13C, but this effect was inconsistent between juvenile and mature trees. We conclude that GCL and SD can be considered functional morphological traits related to the iWUE and leaf δ13C of trees, highlighting their potential for rapid phenotyping approaches in ecological studies.
Investigating the role of community organizations in communicating extreme weather events in New York City: A content analysis
Authors: Gilbert Christine , Li Ruobing , Colle Brian , Moses Josef , Golden Sarah 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe communication of extreme weather forecasts (e.g., heatwaves and extreme precipitation) is a challenge for weather forecasters and emergency managers who are tasked with keeping residents safe during often unprecedented situations. Weather models have inherent uncertainty, and the ability for potentially life‐saving information to get to the people who need it most (e.g., those who need to evacuate) remains a challenge despite the proliferation of digital access to information and social media sites like Twitter. It is also unclear the role that community‐based organizations and super‐local governmental entities play or may play during weather events in transmitting weather information and providing assistance. In New York City, there remains robust inequality, with communities that are historically disadvantaged often suffering the highest number of deaths and level of destruction following weather events. Results from interviewing 26 New York City community leaders suggest that local organizations often act as intermediaries, passing on official weather information to members of their audience, regardless of the mission statement of their organization. Common challenges for communities in responding to extreme weather include lack of access to information, language barriers, and insufficient resources. Considerations for future weather communication strategies are discussed.
Targeting ATR Kinase as a Strategy for Canine Lymphoma and Leukaemia Treatment
Authors: Henklewska Marta , Pawlak Aleksandra , Obmińska‐Mrukowicz Bożena 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAtaxia telangiectasia and Rad3‐related (ATR) kinase is one of the main regulators of cell response to DNA damage and replication stress. Effectiveness of ATR targeting in human cancers has been confirmed in preclinical studies and ATR inhibitors are currently developed clinically in human oncology. In the presented study, we tested the anticancer efficacy of ATR inhibitor berzosertib in an in vitro model of canine haematopoietic cancers. Using MTT assay and flow cytometry, we assessed the cytotoxicity of berzosertib in four established canine lymphoma and leukaemia cell lines and compared it with its activity against noncancerous canine cells. Further, we estimated the level of apoptosis in berzosertib‐treated cells via flow cytometry and assessed H2AX phosphorylation as a marker of DNA damage using western blot technique. In flow‐cytometric analysis, we also evaluated potential synergism between berzosertib and chlorambucil and assessed the influence of berzosertib on cell cycle disturbances induced by the drug. The results demonstrated that berzosertib, even without additional DNA damaging agent, can be effective against canine lymphoma and leukaemia cells at concentrations that were harmless for noncancerous cells, although sensitivity of individual cancer cell lines varied greatly. Cell death occurred through caspase‐dependent apoptosis via induction of DNA damage. Berzosertib also acted synergistically with chlorambucil, probably by preventing DNA damage repair as a consequence of S‐phase arrest abrogation. In conclusion, ATR inhibition may provide a new therapeutic option for the treatment of canine lymphomas and leukaemias, but further studies are required to determine potential biomarkers of their susceptibility.
Isolation of Tumour‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles From the Plasma of Dogs Affected by Intracranial Tumours Showing Heterologous and Cross‐Species Tropism: A Pilot Study
Authors: Vincenti Simona , Villa Alessandro , de Mitri Zemira , Maiolini Arianna , Franzé Silvia , Schweizer Daniela , Oevermann Anna , Ciana Paolo 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTCanine and human brain tumours exhibit similar incidence rates and prognoses. Recent studies have demonstrated that extracellular vesicles derived from human patients (PDEVs) can be loaded with contrast agents and exhibit tumour tropism in murine models. We showed in a previous study that gadolinium‐labelled EVs derived from canine gliomas (cPDEVs) can selectively targets murine glioblastoma cells in animal models. As a further step, we investigated the potential heterologous and cross‐species tumour tropism of cPDEVs with brain tumours. With the perspective of imminent clinical application as both markers and drug delivery tools, we have successfully established the isolation protocol for cPDEVs and confirmed the aseptic conditions of the procedure and therefore the sterility of the isolated EVs. To assess the functionality of cPDEVs as drug delivery tool, they were loaded with indocyanine green (ICG) and injected into murine models of cancer for in vivo fluorescence biodistribution studies. Biodistribution analysis in mice revealed that ICG‐loaded cPDEVs injected into murine models of subcutaneous tumours accumulated exclusively in the neoplastic tissue, even when evaluated 24 h post‐injection, thus showing the cross‐species and heterologous selective tumour tropism of the nanoparticles. With these tests, we have established a safe protocol for isolating and loading autologous cPDEVs with various markers, thereby paving the way for the clinical testing phase. These significant findings suggest the potential use of cPDEVs as a theranostic tool in the management of canine brain tumours, with promising implications for translational medicine applications in the future.
Insights from an online survey: Veterinary surgeons' antibiotic practices in ophthalmic surgery in Germany
Authors: Busse Claudia , Raab Anne , Kreienbrock Lothar , Volk Holger Andreas 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurposeTo investigate antibiotic usage practices in ophthalmic surgeries in Germany.Materials and MethodsAn online questionnaire was sent to veterinary surgeons (general veterinarians and veterinarians with additional qualification in ophthalmology) inquiring about their antibiotic preferences, administration methods, and factors affecting antibiotic usage in ophthalmic surgical procedures.ResultsA total of 417 questionnaires were analyzed. Postoperative antibiotics (systemic/topical in percent when used) were used all or most of the time by 69% of veterinarians following enucleation (99/6), by 62% after eyelid surgery (54/69), by 68% after third eyelid (TEL) surgery (19/92) and by 80% after keratectomy (6/99). The most commonly used systemic antibiotic was amoxicillin with clavulanic acid and the most commonly used topical antibiotic was chloramphenicol.WHO “watch‐group” antibiotics were infrequently administered systemically but frequently utilized topically; including in 13% of eyelid surgery, 15% of TEL surgery, and 35% of keratectomies. Factors influencing antibiotic use included fear of complications (67%), personal experience (63%), diagnostic uncertainty (21%), and owner expectations (9%). Participants following institutional guidelines used fewer antibiotics in enucleations (p = .002) and were less likely to choose fluoroquinolones post‐eyelid surgery (p = .044).ConclusionThe potential for reducing antibiotic use following ophthalmic soft tissue surgery is significant. Addressing barriers such as concerns about postoperative complications and the reliance on individual clinical experience, the implementation of standardized guidelines could facilitate a shift toward more judicious antibiotic practices.
The Mediator complex subunit MoMed15 plays an important role in conferring sensitivity to isoprothiolane by modulating xenobiotic metabolism in
M. oryzae
Authors: Meng Fan-Zhu , Wei Wen-Kai , Cai Min-Zheng , Wang Zuo-Qian , Yin Liang-Fen , Yin Wei-Xiao , Schnabel Guido , Luo Chao-Xi 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Rice blast caused by
Magnaporthe oryzae
is one of the most economically important rice diseases. Fungicides such as isoprothiolane (IPT) have been used extensively for rice blast control, but resistance to IPT in
M. oryzae
is an emerging threat. In this study, molecular mechanisms of resistance in IPT-resistant mutants were identified. Through whole-genome sequencing and genetic transformation, we identified the gene
MoMed15
, encoding a transcriptional glutamine-rich co-activator Mediator complex subunit, in which mutations or deletion resulted in moderate IPT resistance. Further research found that MoMed15 physically interacted with the IPT resistance regulatory factor MoIRR to simultaneously regulate both MoIRR expression and the expression of multiple xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in response to IPT stress. We hypothesize that some xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes enhance IPT toxicity by modifying the IPT structure. Variation of MoMed15 affected the recruitment of the transcriptional Mediator complex and decreased the expression of these xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, resulting in moderate IPT resistance. We also found that
MoPGR1,
encoding a protein that activates cytochrome P450 enzymes, was essential to confer IPT sensitivity, and its expression was directly regulated by MoIRR.

IMPORTANCE

Isoprothiolane (IPT) has been used extensively for the management of rice blast disease and IPT-resistant subpopulations have emerged in Chinese rice fields. The emergence of resistant pathogen populations has led to a steep increase in fungicide use, increasing pesticide risk for the applicator and the environment. The molecular mechanisms of IPT resistance in
M. oryzae
remain elusive. In this study, we demonstrated that transcriptional co-activator MoMed15 interacts with IPT resistance regulator MoIRR to recruit the Mediator complex, which promotes the expression of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, leading to exacerbated IPT toxicity. The
MoMed15
could be used for IPT resistance detection in rice fields.
Draft genome sequence of
Ferrimicrobium acidiphilum
strain YE2023, isolated from a pulp of bioleach reactor
Authors: Elkina Yulia A. , Bulaev Aleksandr G. , Beletsky Alexey V. , Mardanov Andrey V. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

We report the draft genome sequence of
Ferrimicrobium acidiphilum
strain YE2023, isolated from a pulp of a laboratory-scale bioleach reactor. The genome is 3,221,954 Mbp long with a guanine-cytosine content of 58.16%.