bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public health delivery in the information age: the role of informatics and technology
Authors: Williams F , Oke A , Zachary I 
Published: February 2019

Aim: Public health systems have embraced health informatics and information technology as a potential transformational tool to improve real-time surveillance systems, communication, and sharing of information among various agencies. Global pandemic outbreaks like Zika and Ebola were quickly controlled due to electronic surveillance systems enabling efficient information access and exchange. However, there is the need for a more robust technology to enhance adequate epidemic forecasting, data sharing, and effective communication. The purpose of this review was to examine the use of informatics and information technology tools and its impact on public health delivery. Method: Investigators searched six electronic databases. These were MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) Complete, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, COMPENDEX, Scopus, and Academic Search Premier from January 2000 to 31 March 2016. Results: A total of 60 articles met the eligibility criteria for inclusion. These studies were organized into three areas as (1) definition of the term public health informatics; (2) type of public health surveillance systems and implications for public health; and (3) electronic surveillance systems functionality, capability, training, and challenges. Our analysis revealed that due to the growing expectations to provide real-time response and population-centered evidence-based public health in this information-driven age there has been a surge in informatics and information technology adoption. Education and training programs are now available to equip public health students and professionals with skills in public health informatics. However, obstacles including interoperability, data standardization, privacy, and technology transfer persist. Conclusion: Re-engineering the delivery of public health is necessary to meet the demands of the 21st century and beyond. To meet this expectation, public health must invest in workforce development and capacity through education and training in informatics.
Health promotion interventions for older people living alone: a systematic review
Authors: Ilgaz A , Gözüm S 
Published: February 2019

Aims: The aim of this systematic literature review was to identify health promotion interventions for older people living alone and to describe the effectiveness of these interventions. Methods: A literature search was conducted using five databases, including CINAHL, Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science, and this comprehensive literature search process was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. Potentially relevant studies were evaluated and selected by two authors. Studies were assessed based on inclusion criteria. The Standardised Critical Appraisal Tool from Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-MAStARI) was used to appraise the methodological quality of these studies. Results: Of the 2852 unique studies identified in the systematic search, the full texts of three studies meeting the inclusion criteria were reviewed. The results showed that the level of physical activity and self-efficacy for physical activity, activities of daily living, food enjoyment, and energy intake increased and leisure engagement decreased with health promotion interventions. Conclusion: The findings of this review indicate that interventions to improve health promotion positively affect the health of older people living alone and enhance their quality of life. There is a need for further research involving multidimensional interventions for older people living alone.
Does Patient-Specific Instrumentation Have a Higher Rate of Early Osteolysis Than Standard Referencing Techniques in Total Ankle Arthroplasty? A Radiographic Analysis
Authors: Escudero Mario I. , Symes Michael , Bemenderfer Thomas Bradford , Barahona Maximiliano , Anderson Robert , Davis Hodges , Wing Kevin J. , Penner Murray J. 
Published: February 2019

Introduction: Patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) has been developed for total ankle arthroplasty (TAA), with proven benefits. One concern regarding PSI is the need for more soft tissue dissection in order to accurately position the PSI guides, which has the theoretical disadvantage of increased osteolysis. The purpose of our study is to compare the incidence and magnitude of osteolysis for the INFINITY Total Ankle System between PSI and standard referencing (SR) techniques. Methods: Sixty-seven patients who underwent primary TAA using Prophecy (PSI) or SR technique between 2013 and 2015 were reviewed in a retrospective observational study. Osteolysis was assessed on radiographs at 2 years. The incidence was calculated by binomial distribution. The number of zones compromised and the magnitude of osteolysis was calculated using the median as a summary statistic and interquartile range as dispersion statistic. Fisher exact test was used to compare both groups, then a regression model was estimated to calculate the odds ratio for osteolysis. Results: Of the 67 TAAs, 51 were in the PSI group and 16 in the SR group. In the PSI group the incidence, number of compromised zones (CZ), and magnitude was 41% (25%-59%), 1 [1-2], and 2 [2-3], respectively. In the SR group these were 36% (13%-65%), 3 [2-3], and 3 [2-4], respectively. No significant differences were found ( P = .46, P = .12, P = .33). A slightly higher risk of osteolysis was found in the PSI group (odds ratio = 1.33 [0.36-4.83]) ( P = .46). The majority of lesions were in 1 zone with size of 2 to 5 mm (63% for all cohort, 64% PSI, 60% SR). Two cases underwent revision for aseptic loosening, 1 in the SR group and 1 in the PSI group. Conclusion: According to our data, there is no significant difference between PSI and SR in terms of risk, incidence, size and magnitude of osteolysis in the INFINITY Total Ankle System at 2 years. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level III, Retrospective cohort study
Early intravenous beta-blockers in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: A patient-pooled meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Hoedemaker Niels PG , Roolvink Vincent , de Winter Robbert J , van Royen Niels , Fuster Valentin , García-Ruiz José M , Er Fikret , Gassanov Natig , Hanada Kenji , Okumura Ken , Ibáñez Borja , van ’t Hof Arnoud W , Damman Peter 
Published: February 2019

Background:Conflicting evidence is available on the efficacy and safety of early intravenous beta-blockers before primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. We performed a patient-pooled meta-analysis of trials comparing early intravenous beta-blockers with placebo or routine care in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention.Aim:The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and safety outcomes of intravenous beta-blockers in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention.Methods:Four randomized trials with a total of 1150 patients were included. The main outcome was one-year death or myocardial infarction. Secondary outcomes included biomarker-based infarct size, left ventricular ejection fraction during follow-up, ventricular tachycardia, and a composite safety outcome (cardiogenic shock, symptomatic bradycardia, or hypotension) during hospitalization.Results:One-year death or myocardial infarction was similar among beta-blocker (4.2%) and control patients (4.4%) (hazard ratio: 0.96 (95% confidence interval: 0.53–1.75, p=0.90, I2=0%). No difference was observed in biomarker-based infarct size. One-month left ventricular ejection fraction was similar, but left ventricular ejection fraction at six months was significantly higher in patients treated with early intravenous beta-blockade (52.8% versus 50.0% in the control group, p=0.03). No difference was observed in the composite safety outcome or ventricular tachycardia during hospitalization.Conclusion:In ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention, the administration of early intravenous beta-blockers was safe. However, there was no difference in the main outcome of one-year death or myocardial infarction with early intravenous beta-blockers. A larger clinical trial is warranted to confirm the definitive efficacy of early intravenous beta-blockers.
Performance and cost of a renal cancer specialist multidisciplinary team meeting: Results from 1500 discussions
Authors: Neves Joana B , Shepherd Scott , Cullen David , Powles Tom , Aitchison Michael , Tran Maxine G B 
Published: February 2019

Objectives: To report on the performance and cost of a surgeon-led renal cancer specialist multidisciplinary team meeting at a high-volume centre. Materials and methods: Retrospective analysis of 1500 consecutive cases discussed from 2 September 2015 onwards. Performance was assessed as the number of cases where a clinical recommendation was made. The cost per meeting, discussion and patient were calculated using the mid-point of pay band attributable to the attendees (National Health Service pay scales 2015). Results: Over 34 meetings, 1500 discussions occurred (933 patients: 61.7% male; mean age 63.8). Above a one-quarter of discussions ( n = 399, 26.6%) were new referrals. Each patient’s case was discussed a mean of 1.6 times, the majority being discussed once ( n = 563, 60.3%). In 93.3% of discussions, a clinical recommendation was made. Only 100 discussions (6.7%) were deferred due to incomplete clinical information. A total of 11.1% ( n = 166) cases were discharged. The average costs were: £141,901 per year, £2729 per meeting, £62 per case discussed and £99 per patient. Conclusion: One discussion was usually sufficient to decide management; deferral was uncommon; and, given the low discharge rate, referrals seemed appropriate. The cost per patient was modest, and represented good value in providing a focused and shared clinical decision-making pathway for renal cancer patients. Level of evidence: 2C
Central Blood Pressure and Pulse Wave Velocity Changes Post Renal Denervation in Patients With Stages 3 and 4 Chronic Kidney Disease: The Regina RDN Study
Authors: Prasad Bhanu , Berry Warren , Goyal Kunal , Dehghani Payam , Townsend Raymond R. 
Published: February 2019

Background: Central aortic blood pressures and arterial stiffness are better indicators of cardiovascular outcomes than brachial blood pressures. However, their response to renal denervation (RDN) in patients with Stage 3 and Stage 4 chronic kidney disease (CKD) has not yet been examined. Objective: To evaluate the impact of RDN on central blood pressures (CBP), brachial (office and ambulatory) blood pressures, arterial stiffness, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), 24-hour urine protein, and selective cardiac parameters observed on echocardiograms. Design: Single-center, single-arm with pre-/post-RDN follow-up. Setting: Patients were recruited from the multidisciplinary CKD clinic, Regina General Hospital, Canada. Patients: About 25 consecutive patients with Stage 3 or Stage 4 CKD and resistant hypertension, with no radiological or laboratory evidence of secondary causes of hypertension. Measurements: The key measurements were CBP, pulse wave velocity, ambulatory 24-hour blood pressure, office blood pressures on BP Tru, GFR, 24-hour urine protein and sodium, dose and number of blood pressure medication and doses. Methods: The primary outcome measure was the change in CBP from baseline to 6 months post-RDN. Secondary outcome measures included changes in CBP, office blood pressure, 24-hour ambulatory pressures, pulse wave velocity, kidney function (eGFR and 24-hour protein excretion), and the change in the number and dose of medications during the 2-year follow-up period. The primary outcome and the secondary outcomes were evaluated using a Friedman’s analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Wilcoxon signed-rank test for changes from post RDN procedure. Bonferroni correction was used to adjust P values for multiple testing. A two-sided alpha of .05 was used. Results: Median central blood pressures (mm Hg) were 127/75 at baseline versus 118/70 at 6 months and 118/67 at 24 months ( P = .13). Median office blood pressures (mm Hg) were 148/76 at baseline versus 135/75 at 6 months and 133/75 at 24 months ( P ≤ .001). Median ambulatory 24-hour day (mm Hg) was 148/64 at baseline and 146/68 at 6 months and 152/67 at 24 months ( P = .60). Median pulse wave velocity (m/s) at baseline was 13.8 at baseline versus 13.3 m/s at 6 months and 12.3 at 12 months’ time ( P = .62). Estimated glomerular filtration rate (mL/min/1.73m2) at baseline was 37, at 6 months was 36 and 34 at 24 months ( P = .33). Limitations: Single-center study, with no sham arm. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that there was a significant improvement in office blood pressures from baseline to 6 months, maintained to 24 months. There was a numerical improvement in central pressures, and pulse wave velocity at 6 and 24 months, with no sustained changes noted in 24-hour blood pressure. Kidney function remained at or near baseline throughout the 24 months of observation. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01832233).
Rates and Risk Factors for Revision Open and Arthroscopic Proximal Biceps Tenodesis
Authors: Forsythe Brian , Agarwalla Avinesh , Puzzitiello Richard N. , Mascarenhas Randy , Werner Brian C. 
Published: February 2019

Background: Biceps tenodesis may be performed for symptomatic tendinopathy or tearing of the long head of the biceps tendon. Biceps tenodesis is also commonly performed as an adjunctive procedure. However, the indications and prevalence of biceps tenodesis have expanded. Purpose: To establish the incidence and risk factors for revision biceps tenodesis. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: The PearlDiver database of Humana patient data was queried for patients undergoing arthroscopic or open biceps tenodesis (Current Procedural Terminology [CPT] 29828 and CPT 23430, respectively) from 2008 through the first quarter of 2017. Patients without a CPT laterality modifier were excluded from analysis. Revision biceps tenodesis was defined as patients who underwent subsequent ipsilateral open or arthroscopic biceps tenodesis. The financial impact of revision biceps tenodesis was also calculated. Multivariate binomial logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors for revision biceps tenodesis, such as patient demographics as well as concomitant procedures and diagnoses. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were calculated, and all statistical comparisons with P < .05 were considered significant. Results: There were 15,257 patients who underwent biceps tenodesis. Of these, 9274 patients (60.8%) underwent arthroscopic biceps tenodesis, while 5983 (39.2%) underwent open biceps tenodesis. A total of 171 patients (1.8%) and 111 patients (1.9%) required revision biceps tenodesis after arthroscopic and open biceps tenodesis, respectively ( P = .5). Male sex (OR, 1.38 [95% CI, 1.04-1.85]; P = .02) was the only independent risk factor for revision biceps tenodesis after the index open biceps tenodesis. After arthroscopic biceps tenodesis, age >45 years (OR, 0.58 [95% CI, 0.39-0.89]; P = .01) and concomitant rotator cuff tear (OR, 0.58 [95% CI, 0.47-0.71]; P < .001) were independent protective factors for revision biceps tenodesis. The total cost of revision biceps tenodesis after open and arthroscopic biceps tenodesis was US$3427.95 and US$2174.33 per patient, respectively. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in the revision rate between arthroscopic and open biceps tenodesis. Risk factors for revision surgery included male sex for open biceps tenodesis, while age >45 years and rotator cuff tears were protective factors for arthroscopic biceps tenodesis.
Geochemical and mineralogical characterization of smectites from the Ventzia basin, western Macedonia, Greece
Authors: Kaufhold Stephan , Chryssikos George D. , Kacandes George , Gionis Vassilis , Ufer Kristian , Dohrmann Reiner 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThree samples of bulk smectite clay from the Pilori and Velanida bentonite deposits of the Ventzia basin, western Macedonia, Greece, were characterized in detail. Chemical analyses and X-ray diffraction (XRD; Rietveld method) showed that the samples are rich in Fe and Mg (8–13 mass% and 6–10 mass% as oxides, respectively) and contain ~60–65 mass% smectite. The high Fe and Mg content as well as the high Cr (0.3–0.5 mass%) and Ni content (0.1–0.3 mass%) are consistent with the formation of these clays from ultramafic precursor sediments of the Vourinos ophiolite complex. Both XRD and infrared spectroscopy indicate the presence of other clay minerals besides smectite, such as minor amounts of kaolinite, trioctahedral-rich palygorskite, serpentine and talc (depending on the sample). The position of the d060 reflection (1.51–1.52 Å) is compatible with either high Fe content or partial trioctahedral character, or probably both. The predominance of ferruginous smectite or nontronite was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy, but the minor presence of a trioctahedral magnesian smectite in some of the samples cannot be excluded. Layer charge densities, determined by the νO-D (oxygen-deuterium IR-stretching) method calibrated against the structural formula method, are in the 0.48–0.52 eq/FU range. Various methods point to the existence of a significant amount of tetrahedral charge, which is typical of ferruginous smectites. The major exchangeable cation is Mg2+ (73–90%), which represents a special property of these materials compared with other bentonites.
Stimulated release of intraluminal vesicles from Weibel-Palade bodies
Authors: Streetley James , Fonseca Ana-Violeta , Turner Jack , Kiskin Nikolai I. , Knipe Laura , Rosenthal Peter B. , Carter Tom 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWeibel-Palade bodies (WPBs) are secretory granules that contain von Willebrand factor and P-selectin, molecules that regulate hemostasis and inflammation, respectively. The presence of CD63/LAMP3 in the limiting membrane of WPBs has led to their classification as lysosome-related organelles. Many lysosome-related organelles contain intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) enriched in CD63 that are secreted into the extracellular environment during cell activation to mediate intercellular communication. To date, there are no reports that WPBs contain or release ILVs. By light microscopy and live-cell imaging, we show that CD63 is enriched in microdomains within WPBs. Extracellular antibody recycling studies showed that CD63 in WPB microdomains can originate from the plasma membrane. By cryo-electron tomography of frozen-hydrated endothelial cells, we identify internal vesicles as novel structural features of the WPB lumen. By live-cell fluorescence microscopy, we directly observe the exocytotic release of EGFP-CD63 ILVs as discrete particles from individual WPBs. WPB exocytosis provides a novel route for release of ILVs during endothelial cell stimulation.
Comprehensive clinical-molecular transplant scoring system for myelofibrosis undergoing stem cell transplantation
Authors: Gagelmann Nico , Ditschkowski Markus , Bogdanov Rashit , Bredin Swann , Robin Marie , Cassinat Bruno , Shahswar Rabia , Thol Felicitas , Heuser Michael , Socié Gerard , Beelen Dietrich , Triviai Ioanna , Badbaran Anita , Kröger Nicolaus 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAllogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is curative in myelofibrosis, and current prognostic scoring systems aim to select patients for transplantation. Here, we aimed to develop a prognostic score to determine prognosis after transplantation itself, using clinical, molecular, and transplant-specific information from a total of 361 patients with myelofibrosis. Of these, 205 patients were used as a training cohort to create a clinical-molecular myelofibrosis transplant scoring system (MTSS), which was then externally validated in a cohort of 156 patients. Multivariable analysis on survival identified age at least 57 years, Karnofsky performance status lower than 90%, platelet count lower than 150 × 109/L, leukocyte count higher than 25 × 109/L before transplantation, HLA-mismatched unrelated donor, ASXL1 mutation, and non-CALR/MPL driver mutation genotype being independent predictors of outcome. The uncorrected concordance index for the final survival model was 0.723, and bias-corrected indices were similar. Risk factors were incorporated into a 4-level MTSS: low (score, 0-2), intermediate (score, 3-4), high (score, 5), and very high (score, &gt;5). The 5-year survival according to risk groups in the validation cohort was 83% (95% confidence interval [CI], 71%-95%), 64% (95% CI, 53%-75%), 37% (95% CI, 17%-57%), and 22% (95% CI, 4%-39%), respectively (P &lt; .001). Increasing score was predictive of nonrelapse mortality (P &lt; .001) and remained applicable to primary (0.718) and post-essential thrombocythemia (ET)/polycythemia vera (PV) myelofibrosis (0.701) improving prognostic ability in comparison with all currently available disease-specific systems. In conclusion, this MTSS predicts outcome of patients with primary and post-ET/PV myelofibrosis undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation.
Newborn DNA-methylation, childhood lung function, and the risks of asthma and COPD across the life course
Authors: den Dekker Herman T. , Burrows Kimberley , Felix Janine F. , Salas Lucas A. , Nedeljkovic Ivana , Yao Jin , Rifas-Shiman Sheryl L. , Ruiz-Arenas Carlos , Amin N. , Bustamante Mariona , DeMeo Dawn L. , Henderson A. John , Howe Caitlin G. , Hivert Marie-France , Ikram M. Arfan , de Jongste Johan C. , Lahousse Lies , Mandaviya Pooja R. , van Meurs Joyce B. , Pinart Mariona , Sharp Gemma C. , Stolk Lisette , Uitterlinden André G. , Anto Josep M. , Litonjua Augusto A. , Breton Carrie V. , Brusselle Guy G. , Sunyer Jordi , Smith George Davey , Relton Caroline L. , Jaddoe Vincent W.V. , Duijts Liesbeth 
Published: February 2019

RationaleWe aimed to identify differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in cord blood DNA associated with childhood lung function, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) across the life course.MethodsWe meta-analysed epigenome-wide data of 1688 children from five cohorts to identify cord blood DMRs and their annotated genes, in relation to forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio and forced expiratory flow at 75% of FVC at ages 7–13 years. Identified DMRs were explored for associations with childhood asthma, adult lung function and COPD, gene expression and involvement in biological processes.ResultsWe identified 59 DMRs associated with childhood lung function, of which 18 were associated with childhood asthma and nine with COPD in adulthood. Genes annotated to the top 10 identified DMRs wereHOXA5,PAOX,LINC00602,ABCA7,PER3,CLCA1,VENTX,NUDT12,PTPRN2andTCL1A. Differential gene expression in blood was observed for 32 DMRs in childhood and 18 in adulthood. Genes related with 16 identified DMRs were associated with respiratory developmental or pathogenic pathways.InterpretationOur findings suggest that the epigenetic status of the newborn affects respiratory health and disease across the life course.