bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are there temporal subtypes of premenstrual dysphoric disorder?: using group-based trajectory modeling to identify individual differences in symptom change
Authors: Eisenlohr-Moul Tory A. , Kaiser Gudrun , Weise Cornelia , Schmalenberger Katja M. , Kiesner Jeff , Ditzen Beate , Kleinstäuber Maria 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundPremenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a new Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-5 diagnosis characterized by the cyclical emergence of emotional and physical symptoms in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, with symptom remission in the follicular phase. Converging evidence highlights the possibility of distinct subtypes of PMDD with unique pathophysiologies, but temporal subgroups have yet to be explored in a systematic way.MethodsIn the current work, we use group-based trajectory modeling to identify unique trajectory subgroups of core emotional and total PMDD symptoms across the perimenstrual frame (days −14 to +9, where day 0 is menstrual onset) in a sample of 74 individuals prospectively diagnosed with DSM-5 PMDD.ResultsFor the total daily symptom score, the best-fitting model was comprised of three groups: a group demonstrating moderate symptoms only in the premenstrual week (65%), a group demonstrating severe symptoms across the full 2 weeks of the luteal phase (17.5%), and a group demonstrating severe symptoms in the premenstrual week that were slow to resolve in the follicular phase (17.5%).ConclusionsThese trajectory groups are discussed in the context of the latest work on the pathophysiology of PMDD. Experimental work is needed to test for the presence of possible pathophysiologic differences in trajectory groups, and whether unique treatment approaches are needed.
Stepping-Stone or Dead End: To What Extent Does Part-Time Employment Enable Progression Out of Low Pay for Male and Female Employees in the UK?
Authors: NIGHTINGALE MADELINE 
Published: April 2019

AbstractUsing data from Understanding Society and the British Household Panel Survey, this article explores the relationship between working part-time and progression out of low pay for male and female employees using a discrete-time event history model. The results show that working part-time relative to full-time decreases the likelihood of progression out of low pay, defined as earning below two-thirds of the median hourly wage. However, part-time workers who transition to full-time employment experience similar rates of progression to full-time workers. This casts doubt on the idea that part-time workers have lower progression rates because they have lower abilities or work motivation and reinforces the need to address the quality of part-time jobs in the UK labour market. The negative effect of working part-time is greater for men than for women, although women are more at risk of becoming trapped in low pay in the sense that they tend to work part-time for longer periods of time, particularly if they have children. Factors such as childcare policy and Universal Credit (UC) incentivise part-time employment for certain groups, although in the right labour market conditions UC may encourage some part-time workers to increase their working hours.
Species turnover drives the spatial distribution of frog beta diversity in farmland ponds
Authors: Tavares Henrique Nascimento , da Silva Fernando Rodrigues 
Published: April 2019

AbstractStudies integrating variation in species composition among sites are useful in understanding the impacts of land-use changes on the spatial distribution of biodiversity. However, the failure to recognize the distinction between beta diversity components, dissimilarity due to species replacement (i.e. turnover) and dissimilarity due to species loss from site to site (i.e. nestedness), can lead to inappropriate use of some indices. Here, we evaluated how the spatial distribution of anuran beta diversity components, turnover and nestedness, is associated with local and landscape descriptors in a tropical agricultural landscape with a recent history of agriculture expansion in south-eastern Brazil. Overall, 27 anuran species were found in the region with average ± SD species richness in each pool of 9.5 ± 3.5 species, ranging from 4 to 15 species. We observed that species turnover was the major component for anuran dissimilarity among pools, indicating that anuran species occurring in species-poor pools are not subsets of anuran species occurring in species-rich pools. Local variables and geographic distance were not important descriptors explaining the variation of anuran beta diversity. In contrast, the distance of the pools to the nearest forest fragment explained 16% of the variance in total beta diversity, 5% of the nestedness component and 2% of spatial turnover. Our results show that pools distributed across farmland landscapes are harbouring different anuran species composition, and together, these pools are contributing to the regional diversity of anurans in this region which is considered one of the most deforested and fragmented within Brazil.
La formation des cités grecques
Authors: Zurbach Julien 
Published: April 2019

RésuméOn oppose couramment aujourd’hui deux conceptions des sociétés grecques archaïques,liées pour l’une à une définition juridique et statique des groupes de statut, pour l’autre à un statut social individuel, fluide et produit de stratégies de distinction diverses. Cet article vise à dépasser cette opposition en examinant l’histoire des groupes de statut à l’époque archaïque. Après une analyse des grandes étapes de l’historiographie complexe existant sur la question, il propose une histoire des statuts dans les cités grecques en formation. La création de statuts nouveaux est un trait essentiel de l’histoire des cités, liée notamment à la dette et la guerre. Les statuts sont collectifs et souvent imposés, mais ils n’en ont pas moins une histoire qui se situe au cœur même de la formation des cités grecques. De nouveaux groupes sont créés pour répondre au besoin de main-d’œuvre des aristocraties du VIIesiècle av. J.-C. Les conflits qui en résultent aboutissent à des évolutions des systèmes alimentaires et fonciers, et cette réorganisation de l’entitlement, réponse des communautés à la crise qui les frappe, passe par la manipulation des statuts. Ce sont des conflits de classe qui amènent la définition d’un nouveau système de statuts.
Les statuts de travail des esclaves et des affranchis dans les grands ports du monde romain(Iersiècle av. J.-C.-IIesiècle apr. J.-C.)
Authors: Tran Nicolas 
Published: April 2019

RésuméCet article porte sur le rapport au travail des esclaves et des affranchis impliqués dans les économies portuaires du monde romain, entre le Ier siècle av. J.-C. et le IIesiècle apr. J.-C.La documentation textuelle, épigraphique ou issue de la tradition manuscrite révèle la grande diversité de conditions qui régnaient dans ces milieux. Cette hétérogénéité était liée au degré de technicité des tâches accomplies et donc à la qualification professionnelle des dépendants, comme dans d’autres environnements urbains. Néanmoins, des facteurs propres aux économies portuaires, de nature spatiale en particulier, entraient en ligne de compte. Le clivage entre travailleurs de peine et homme de confiance ne recouvre qu’une partie de ce large spectre. La complexité observée réside dans l’absence de coïncidence,voire dans les dissonances, entre le statut juridique, le statut social et le statut de travail des individus.
Innovation and business sustainability (IBS): empirical evidence from Indian pharmaceutical industry (IPI)
Authors: Pal Brajaballav , Nandy Mithun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe aim of our study is to investigate how innovation is taking place through different research and development (R&amp;D) activities and to establish a link between innovation and business sustainability in the context of Indian pharmaceutical companies. Our study is based on the secondary data. Sample data of 37 Indian pharmaceutical companies listed on the National Stock Exchange have been used based on the stratified sampling technique. For empirical analysis we have performed descriptive statistics, correlation matrix, and panel regression analysis as statistical techniques with the help of STATA 12.0 statistical package. R2 value can predict 100 and 98.20% variability in return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) in model 1 and model 2, respectively. In model 1, the value of c2 is 1.48 and its corresponding p value is 0.00 (&lt;0.05) which means that the model is a good fit for interpretation. R&amp;D intensity is having a positive effect on ROA and the effect is statistically significant at 1% level. Advertising and marketing intensity, capital intensity, leverage ratio and operating expenditure to the total assets ratio are having positive effect on ROA but the effect is not statistically significant. In model 2, the value of F statistics is 8025.62 and its corresponding p value is 0.00 which is &lt;0.05. It means that the model is a good fit for study. R&amp;D intensity is having a positive effect on ROE and the effect is statistically significant at 1% level. Advertising and marketing intensity, capital intensity and operating expenditure to the total assets ratio have positive effect on ROE and the effect is statistically significant at 1% level. Leverage ratio is having a negative effect on ROE but the effect is statically significant at 10% level.
The Indonesian Throughflow and the Circulation in the Banda Sea: A Modeling Study
Authors: Liang Linlin , Xue Huijie , Shu Yeqiang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTo investigate the relationship between the Indonesian ThroughFlow (ITF) and the Banda Sea circulation, we set up a high‐resolution ocean circulation model for the western Pacific and northern Indian Oceans. This well‐validated model demonstrates complex distributions of the along‐channel velocity in different straits, with vertically sheared flows in the Makassar and Maluku straits but horizontally sheared flows in the Halmahera, Timor, and Ombai straits. The model also reveals a three‐layer circulation pattern in the Banda Sea: clockwise, counterclockwise, and clockwise in the upper (<500 m), middle (500–2,250 m), and lower (>2,250 m) water column, respectively. The Lagrangian tracking code TRACMASS is used to diagnose the sources and sinks of Banda Sea waters. The backward/forward tracking experiment pinpoints the inflows/outflows in the straits surrounding the Indonesian Archipelago (IA), which directly affect the Banda Sea. These TRACMASS results imply active vertical exchanges in the Banda Sea, which result in fast flushing with a typical time scale of 8 years. Based on the profiles of net transport into and out of the Banda Sea estimated from the tracking experiments, the three‐layer circulations of the Banda Sea are dynamically explained in terms of the potential vorticity (PV) integral constraint: the PV flux across the boundary and the wind stress curl act in concert with approximately equal order of magnitude for the clockwise circulation in the upper layer, while the positive (negative) PV flux to the middle (bottom) layer corresponds to the counterclockwise (clockwise) circulation.
Charge Structure of Two Tropical Thunderstorms in Colombia
Authors: López Jesús A. , Montanyà Joan , van der Velde Oscar A. , Pineda Nicolau , Salvador Albert , Romero David , Aranguren Daniel , Taborda John 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCharge structure derived from lightning leader development of tropical thunderstorms comprising equatorial latitudes of less than ±10° has not been investigated yet. In this work, using a lightning mapping array installed in northern Colombia, the charge structure, lightning leader initiations, and the cloud‐to‐ground strokes rates of two thunderstorms have been analyzed. Additionally, radar information is also included. The identification of the charge regions has been obtained by analyzing the propagation of lightning leader developments. Flashes initiate between 4‐ and 15‐km altitude. High initiation rates are different in the two storms. In one case the high rates are found between 8 and 13 km. In the other case, the initiation heights are found between 10 and 15 km. The storms show typical tripolar charge structure where the upper positive charge is present at 10 to ~15 km, the midlevel negative charge is found between 6 and 9 km, and the lower positive charge between 4 and 6 km altitude. Intracloud lightning flashes with inverted polarity have been identified for short period. In other periods, screening layer flashes have been detected at 14–15 km. The overall results show that the charge structures in the two Colombian storms are similar to the structures reported in North Central Florida, but with the significant difference that the flash initiation altitudes are 2 km higher in Colombia. The vertical configuration of the charge regions and the leader development of these thunderstorms may help explain the occurrence of terrestrial gamma‐ray flashes in tropical thunderstorms.
More Than Emissions and Chemistry: Fire Size, Dilution, and Background Aerosol Also Greatly Influence Near‐Field Biomass Burning Aerosol Aging
Authors: Hodshire A. L. , Bian Q. , Ramnarine E. , Lonsdale C. R. , Alvarado M. J. , Kreidenweis S. M. , Jathar S. H. , Pierce J. R. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBiomass burning emits particles (black carbon and primary organic aerosol) and precursor vapors to the atmosphere that chemically and physically age in the atmosphere. This theoretical study explores the relationships between fire size (determining the initial plume width and concentration), dilution rate, and entrainment of background aerosol on particle coagulation, organic aerosol (OA) evaporation, and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) condensation in smoke plumes. We examine the impacts of these processes on aged smoke OA mass, geometric mean diameter (Dg), peak lognormal modal width (σg), particle extinction (E), and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations. In our simulations, aging OA mass is controlled by competition between OA evaporation and SOA condensation. Large, slowly diluting plumes evaporate little in our base set of simulations, which may allow for net increases in mass, E, CCN , and Dg from SOA condensation. Smaller, quickly diluting fire plumes lead to faster evaporation, which favors decreases in mass, E, CCN, and Dg. However, the SOA fraction of the smoke OA increases more rapidly in smaller fires due to faster primary organic aerosol evaporation leading to more SOA precursors. Net mass changes for smaller fires depend on background OA concentrations; increasing background aerosol concentrations decrease evaporation rates. Although coagulation does not change mass, it can decrease the number of particles in large/slowly diluting plumes, increasing Dg and E, and decreasing σg. While our conclusions are limited by being a theoretical study, we hope they help motivate future smoke‐plume analyses to consider the effects of fire size, meteorology, and background OA concentrations.
Role of Tidal Wetland Stability in Lateral Fluxes of Particulate Organic Matter and Carbon
Authors: Ganju Neil K. , Defne Zafer , Elsey‐Quirk Tracy , Moriarty Julia M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTidal wetland fluxes of particulate organic matter and carbon (POM, POC) are important terms in global budgets but remain poorly constrained. Given the link between sediment fluxes and wetland stability, POM and POC fluxes should also be related to stability. We measured POM and POC fluxes in eight microtidal salt marsh channels, with net POM fluxes ranging between −121 ± 33 (export) and 102 ± 28 (import) g OM·m−2·year−1 and net POC fluxes ranging between −52 ± 14 and 43 ± 12 g C·m−2·year−1. A regression employing two measures of stability, the unvegetated‐vegetated marsh ratio (UVVR) and elevation, explained >95% of the variation in net fluxes. The regression indicates that marshes with lower elevation and UVVR import POM and POC while higher elevation marshes with high UVVR export POM and POC. We applied these relationships to marsh units within Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, USA, finding a net POM import of 2,355 ± 1,570 Mg OM/year (15 ± 10 g OM·m−2·year−1) and a net POC import of 1,263 ± 632 Mg C/year (8 ± 4 g C·m−2·year−1). The magnitude of this import was similar to an estimate of POM and POC export due to edge erosion (−2,535 Mg OM/year and − 1,291 Mg C/year), suggesting that this system may be neutral from a POM and POC perspective. In terms of a net budget, a disintegrating wetland should release organic material, while a stable wetland should trap material. This study quantifies that concept and demonstrates a linkage between POM/POC flux and geomorphic stability.
Geo‐fO2: Integrated Software for Analysis of Magmatic Oxygen Fugacity
Authors: Li Weikai , Cheng Yuanqi , Yang Zhiming 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOxygen fugacity (fO2) is a fundamental thermodynamic property governing redox potential in solid Earth systems. Analysis of magmatic fO2 aids our understanding of the valence state and solubility of multivalent elements during magma evolution. Specialized software, Geo‐fO2, was developed for calculating magmatic fO2 on the basis of oxybarometers and thermobarometers for common minerals (amphibole, zircon, and biotite) in intermediate‐silicic magmas. With user‐friendly interfaces, it is easy to input files (.csv or Excel files), output data in Excel files, and plot results as binary diagrams that can be saved as vector graphics and modified using image‐processing software.
Rate of Magma Supply Beneath Mammoth Mountain, California, Based on Helium Isotopes and CO2 Emissions
Authors: Lewicki Jennifer L. , Evans William C. , Montgomery‐Brown Emily K. , Mangan Margaret T. , King John C. , Hunt Andrew G. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMammoth Mountain, California, has exhibited unrest over the past ~30 years, characterized by seismicity over a broad range of depths, elevated 3He/4He ratios in fumarolic gas, and large‐scale diffuse CO2 emissions. This activity has been attributed to magmatic intrusion, but minimal ground deformation and the presence of a shallow crustal gas reservoir beneath Mammoth Mountain pose a challenge for estimating magma supply rate. Here, we use the record of fumarolic 3He/4He ratios and CO2 emissions to estimate that of the ~5.2 Mt of CO2 released from Mammoth Mountain between 1989 and 2016, 1.6 Mt was associated with active intrusion and degassing of ~0.05–0.07 km3 of basaltic magma. Intrusion at an average rate of ~0.002–0.003 km3/year into a postulated zone of partial melt at ~15‐km depth could occur without detection by local Global Navigation Satellite System stations.
Model states for a class of chiral topological order interfaces
Authors: Crépel V. , Claussen N. , Estienne B. , Regnault N. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractInterfaces between topologically distinct phases of matter reveal a remarkably rich phenomenology. To go beyond effective field theories, we study the prototypical example of such an interface between two Abelian states, namely the Laughlin and Halperin states. Using matrix product states, we propose a family of model wavefunctions for the whole system including both bulks and the interface. We show through extensive numerical studies that it unveils both the universal properties of the system, such as the central charge of the gapless interface mode and its microscopic features. It also captures the low energy physics of experimentally relevant Hamiltonians. Our approach can be generalized to other phases described by tensor networks.
Microscopic study of the Halperin–Laughlin interface through matrix product states
Authors: Crépel V. , Claussen N. , Regnault N. , Estienne B. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractInterfaces between topologically distinct phases of matter reveal a remarkably rich phenomenology. We study the experimentally relevant interface between a Laughlin phase at filling factor ν = 1/3 and a Halperin 332 phase at filling factor ν = 2/5. Based on our recent construction of chiral topological interfaces (Nat. Commun. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09168-z; 2019), we study a family of model wavefunctions that captures both the bulk and interface properties. These model wavefunctions are built within the matrix product state framework. The validity of our approach is substantiated through extensive comparisons with exact diagonalization studies. We probe previously unreachable features of the low energy physics of the transition. We provide, amongst other things, the characterization of the interface gapless mode and the identification of the spin and charge excitations in the many-body spectrum. The methods and tools presented are applicable to a broad range of topological interfaces.
Asgard archaea capable of anaerobic hydrocarbon cycling
Authors: Seitz Kiley W. , Dombrowski Nina , Eme Laura , Spang Anja , Lombard Jonathan , Sieber Jessica R. , Teske Andreas P. , Ettema Thijs J. G. , Baker Brett J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLarge reservoirs of natural gas in the oceanic subsurface sustain complex communities of anaerobic microbes, including archaeal lineages with potential to mediate oxidation of hydrocarbons such as methane and butane. Here we describe a previously unknown archaeal phylum, Helarchaeota, belonging to the Asgard superphylum and with the potential for hydrocarbon oxidation. We reconstruct Helarchaeota genomes from metagenomic data derived from hydrothermal deep-sea sediments in the hydrocarbon-rich Guaymas Basin. The genomes encode methyl-CoM reductase-like enzymes that are similar to those found in butane-oxidizing archaea, as well as several enzymes potentially involved in alkyl-CoA oxidation and the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway. We suggest that members of the Helarchaeota have the potential to activate and subsequently anaerobically oxidize hydrothermally generated short-chain hydrocarbons.
Primary cilia regulate hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell specification through Notch signaling in zebrafish
Authors: Liu Zhibin , Tu Haiqing , Kang Yunsi , Xue Yuanyuan , Ma Dongyuan , Zhao Chengtian , Li Huiyan , Wang Lu , Liu Feng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are capable of producing all mature blood lineages, as well as maintaining the self-renewal ability throughout life. The hairy-like organelle, cilium, is present in most types of vertebrate cells, and plays important roles in various biological processes. However, it is unclear whether and how cilia regulate HSPC development in vertebrates. Here, we show that cilia-specific genes, involved in primary cilia formation and function, are required for HSPC development, especially in hemogenic endothelium (HE) specification in zebrafish embryos. Blocking primary cilia formation or function by genetic or chemical manipulations impairs HSPC development. Mechanistically, we uncover that primary cilia in endothelial cells transduce Notch signal to the earliest HE for proper HSPC specification during embryogenesis. Altogether, our findings reveal a pivotal role of endothelial primary cilia in HSPC development, and may shed lights into in vitro directed differentiation of HSPCs.