bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scaling Limit for the Ant in High‐Dimensional Labyrinths
Authors: Arous Gérard Ben , Cabezas Manuel , Fribergh Alexander 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe study here a detailed conjecture regarding one of the most important cases of anomalous diffusion, i.e., the behavior of the “ant in the labyrinth.” It is natural to conjecture that the scaling limit for random walks on large critical random graphs exists in high dimensions and is universal. This scaling limit is simply the natural Brownian motion on the integrated super‐Brownian excursion. We give here a set of four natural, sufficient conditions on the critical graphs and prove that this set of assumptions ensures the validity of this conjecture. The remaining future task is to prove that these sufficient conditions hold for the various classical cases of critical random structures, like the usual Bernoulli bond percolation, oriented percolation, and spread‐out percolation in high enough dimension. In a companion paper, we do precisely that in a first case, the random walk on the trace of a large critical branching random walk. We verify the validity of these sufficient conditions and thus obtain the scaling limit mentioned above in dimensions larger than 14. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Deposition of hydrophilic amorphous carbon film with ether as a source molecule and analysis of its deposition reaction
Authors: Shinohara Masanori , Tominaga Taisuke , Shimomura Hayato , Ihara Takeshi , Yagyu Yoshihito , Ohshima Tamiko , Kawasaki Hiroharu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA hydrophilic amorphous carbon film was deposited with plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition using diisopropylether ((i‐C3H7)2O) as a source molecule. Bonding states of hydrocarbon in the deposited film are comprised of sp3‐hydrocarbon components, which is the same as the isopropyl group in the source molecule. On the other hand, C═O bonding is formed in the deposited film, not as similar to the source molecule, diisopropylether. These results suggest that C─O─C in the source molecule would be cleaved. This study would propose a new deposition method of a hydrophilic amorphous carbon film with ether as a source molecule.
The provision of epilepsy care across Europe 2017: A 17‐year follow‐up survey
Authors: Zelano Johan , Klecki Judith , Christensen Jakob , Tomson Torbjörn , Malmgren Kristina ,   The ESBACE consortium Collaborators
Published: January 2019

SummaryObjectiveTo assess the resources available in the provision of epilepsy care across Europe and the developments since the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) survey published in 2003 (data collected in 2000).MethodsAn updated online version of the European Epilepsy Services Inventory was distributed to all European chapters of the ILAE (N = 47) and responses were obtained from 33 chapters (response rate 70%). To assess trends and allow comparisons with the survey published in 2003, the responding countries were divided into 4 groups (Western, Central, Southern, and Eastern). Responses from European Union (EU) member states are reported as a subgroup (N = 23), since the current survey is a part of the EU‐funded European Study on the Burden and Care of Epilepsy (ESBACE, www.esbace.eu).ResultsThe total number of physicians involved in epilepsy care had increased since 2000, with the largest increase seen for neurologists. The gap between the best‐ and the least‐provided areas with regard to the competence of the providers had diminished. However, the density of comprehensive multidisciplinary epilepsy teams had not changed to any greater degree. The main problems reported by the chapters were to a large extent the same as in 2000 and included lack of specialists and specialist care, lack or underuse of epilepsy surgery, and problems regarding financing and resource allocation. Several chapters also highlighted problems with healthcare structure and organization.SignificanceAlthough there have been some improvements concerning the availability of care for people with epilepsy in Europe over the last 17 years, there are still a number of problem areas with little improvement or where there are important regional differences.
Toxicological studies on the botanical supplement LI12542F6 containing extracts ofSphaeranthus indicusflower heads andMangifera indica(mango tree) bark
Authors: Nestmann Earle R. , Alluri Venkata Krishnaraju , Dodda Sundararaju , Davis Barbara A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLI12542F6, a botanical extract composed ofSphaeranthus indicusandMangifera indica, was evaluated for mutagenicity in bacteria,clastogenicity in mouse bone marrow, acute oral and dermal toxicity in the rat, irritation (dermal, eye) in rabbit, and subacute and subchronic toxicity (28 and 90 days) in the rat. All studies followed standardOECDtest protocols, in accordance with the principles of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP).LI12542F6 did not induce mutations in the bacterial assay usingSalmonellaandEscherichia colistrains, nor did it induce genotoxic effects in erythrocytes from mouse bone marrow.LI12542F6 was found to have oral and dermalLD50values greater than the limit dose of 2,000 mg/kg body weight in the rat. In an eye irritation/corrosion test,LI12542F6 caused conjunctival redness, corneal opacity, and chemosis and is classified as Category 2A (“irritating to eyes – reversible eye effect”). Doses in the 28‐day and 90‐day rat oral toxicity studies were 0, 500, 1,000, and 1,500 and 0, 1,000, 1,500, and 2,000 mg/kg body weight/day, respectively, administered by gavage. Both studies featured a recovery period. Minor effects were random and not treatment related except for local irritation of the forestomach in the 28‐day study, evidenced by histopathologic examination, in mid‐ and high‐dose animals. The frequency and severity of these effects were reduced in the recovery group; irritation was not found in the forestomach of rats in the 90‐day study. The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was greater than the highest dose tested, that is, >2,000 mg/kg in the 90‐day study. This botanical composition will be marketed commercially for muscle health as Myotor™.
Effectiveness of DementiAbility Methods: The Montessori Way on agitation in long‐term care home residents with dementia in Hong Kong
Authors: Yuen Ivo , Kwok Timothy 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of the DementiAbility Methods: The Montessori Way (DMMW) on agitation in long‐term care home residents with dementia. The activities using the DMMW are hypothesized to reduce agitation in terms of its frequency and disruptiveness to greater extent than structured social activities as control.MethodsForty‐six long‐term care home residents with dementia were randomly allocated to receive the DMMW (n = 23) or structured social activities as control (n = 23). Each participant received six intervention sessions of 45 minutes each within 2 weeks, at long‐term care home. Agitation in terms of frequency and disruptiveness before and after the intervention were compared.ResultsThe results showed that the DMMW resulted in significant reduction in overall frequency and disruptiveness of agitation. The DMMW group had significant reduction in frequency and disruptiveness of verbal aggressive, physical nonaggressive, and physical aggressive behaviors after the intervention.ConclusionsThe present findings support the potential of the DMMW as a safe and efficacious therapeutic intervention for addressing agitation in long‐term care home residents with dementia, relevant to Hong Kong culture.
Anti‐Pasch optimal packings with triples
Authors: Demirkale Fatih , Donovan Diane , Grannell Mike 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIt is shown that for, there exists an optimal packing with triples onpoints that contains no Pasch configurations. Furthermore, for all(mod 6), there exists a pairwise balanced design of order, whose blocks are all triples apart from a single quintuple, and that has no Pasch configurations amongst its triples.
Differential contribution of education through KIR2DL1, KIR2DL3, and KIR3DL1 to antibody-dependent (AD) NK cell activation and ADCC
Authors: Lisovsky Irene , Kant Sanket , Tremblay-McLean Alexandra , Isitman Gamze , Kiani Zahra , Dupuy Franck P , Gilbert Louise , Bruneau Julie , Shoukry Naglaa H , Lebouché Bertrand , Bernard Nicole F 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The engagement of activating NK receptors (aNKR) stimulates NK cell activity, provided that interactions between inhibitory NK receptors (iNKR) with their HLA ligands do not override them. Abs bound to target cells can also activate NK cells by engaging the CD16 aNKR. NK cell education status is an important factor for Ab-dependent NK cell activation (ADNKA) of some NK cell subsets. However, whether NK cell education also influences Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) levels is not fully known. ADCC-GranToxiLux (GTL) assays measured ADCC activity as the frequency of granzyme B positive (%GzB+) target cells. Target cells were anti-HIV Immunoglobulin G (HIVIG)-opsonized CEM-NKr.CCR5 (CEM) cells. Lymphocytes and sorted single positive (SP) NKG2A+, KIR2DL1+, KIR2DL3+, and KIR3DL1+ NK cells, to self- and nonself HLA, were used as effectors in ADCC-GTL assays to examine how education status influenced ADCC activity. ADNKA activity was assessed by stimulating lymphocytes with HIVIG-opsonized CEMs and measuring the frequency of NK cell populations defined by their expression of iNKRs, along with IFN-γ, CCL4, and CD107a functions. ADCC: the %GzB+ CEM cells generated by self- versus nonself HLA-specific SPiNKR did not differ. ADNKA: More NK cells educated through KIR2DL1 and KIR3DL1, but not KIR2DL3, responded to ADNKA than their uneducated counterparts. CD16 engagement induced ADCC and ADNKA activity. With the proviso that groups’ sizes were small, our results support the notion that NK cell education does not influence ADCC levels but does contribute to ADNKA activity.
Metformin as an add‐on to insulin improves periodontal response during orthodontic tooth movement in type 1 diabetic rats
Authors: Mena Laura Ever Elias , Cestari Tania Mary , Almeida Rodrigo , Pereira Daniela Santos , Taga Rumio , Garlet Gustavo Pompermaier , Assis Gerson Francisco 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundType 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with delayed tissue healing and bone loss. Periodontal tissues during tooth movement (OTM) in T1D and under diabetic treatment are poorly understood. We aimed to study the effect of metformin as an add‐on to insulin therapy on periodontal structures during OTM in T1D rats.MethodsRats were divided into normoglycemic (NG, n = 20) and streptozotocin‐induced diabetic groups that were untreated (T1D, n = 20), treated with insulin (I‐T1D, n = 20), or treated with insulin plus metformin (IM‐T1D, n = 20). After 7 days of treatment, the first right upper molar (M1) was moved mesially. At days 0, 3, 7 and 14, the pattern of OTM and the periodontal tissues were analyzed by micro‐CT, histomorphometry, and immunohistochemistry for TRAP.ResultsIn T1D, major osteoclastogenic activity and bone loss versus other groups were confirmed by a greater TRAP‐positive cell number and reabsorption surface on both the pressure and tension sides for 14 days (p < 0.01). Additionally, we observed low bone volume density. Metformin plus insulin resulted in a daily insulin dose reduction and major glycemic control versus I‐T1D. Although no significant differences were observed between I‐T1D and IM‐T1D, the tooth displacement and inclination, periodontal ligament thickness, and alveolar bone density on the pressure side in IM‐T1D were similar to that of NG (p > 0.05).ConclusionAntidiabetic treatment reduces severe periodontal damage during applied orthodontic force in T1D untreated rats. Metformin as an add‐on to insulin therapy resulted in glycemic control and a periodontal tissue response to orthodontic forces that was similar to that of normoglycemic rats.
Neuroprotective factors and incident hearing impairment in the epidemiology of hearing loss study
Authors: Paulsen Adam J. , Cruickshanks Karen J. , Pinto Alex , Schubert Carla R. , Dalton Dayna S. , Fischer Mary E. , Klein Barbara E.K. , Klein Ronald , Tsai Michael Y. , Tweed Ted S. 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveHearing impairment (HI) is common in aging adults. Aldosterone, insulin‐like growth factor (IGF1), and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) have been identified as potentially protective of hearing. The present study aims to investigate these relationships.MethodsThe Epidemiology of Hearing Loss Study is a longitudinal population‐based study of aging in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, that began in 1993. Baseline for the present investigation is the 1998 to 2000 phase. Follow‐up exams occurred approximately every 5 years, with the most recent occurring from 2013 to 2016. Hearing was measured by pure‐tone audiometry. HI was defined as a pure tone average (PTA) > 25 decibels hearing level in either ear. Change in PTA was the difference between follow‐up examinations and baseline. Baseline serum samples were used to measure biomarkers in 2017. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated to assess the effect of biomarker levels in the lowest quintile (Q1) versus the highest (Q5) on incident HI and PTA change.ResultsThere were 1,088 participants (69.3% women) at risk of HI included in analyses. The mean baseline age was 63.8 years (standard deviation = 7.0). The 16‐year incidence of HI was 54.9% and was higher in men (61.1%) than women (52.1%). In age‐ and sex‐adjusted models, aldosterone (HR = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.82–1.37), IGF1 (HR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.71–1.19), and BDNF (HR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.66–1.12) levels were not associated with risk of HI. PTA change was similarly not affected by biomarker levels.ConclusionAldosterone, IGF1, and BDNF were not associated with decreased risk of age‐related hearing loss in this study.Level of Evidence2bLaryngoscope, 129:2178–2183, 2019
A Supramolecular Gel of Oxalic Acid‐Monoethanolamine for Potential Schottky Barrier Diode Application
Authors: Dhibar Subhendu , Dey Arka , Ghosh Debasish , Majumdar Santanu , Dey Amiya , Mukherjee Priyanka , Mandal Amit , Ray Partha Pratim , Dey Biswajit 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA functional supramolecular gel of oxalic acid and monoethanolamine (OXMEA) has been achieved through direct instant mixing of N,N‐dimethyl formamide (DMF) solution of oxalic acid and pure monoethanolamine at room temperature under ambient condition. The rheological analysis established the viscoelastic semi‐solid type nature of mechanically stable OXMEA supramolecular gel. The morphological pattern, imaged through field emission scanning electron microscopic investigation, explores the bean‐seed like hierarchical architecture of the gel network. The semiconducting property of the gel was verified from band gap energy and conductivity estimation. The electrical charge transport property was also analyzed in the form of OXMEA gel based metal‐semiconductor junction thin film device. The obtained nonlinear current‐voltage characteristics of the device signify Schottky barrier diode nature of the synthesized gel. Overall, this work has been proof of development of semiconducting electronic device by OXMEA gel based gel medium.
Aligned Heterointerface‐Induced 1T‐MoS2 Monolayer with Near‐Ideal Gibbs Free for Stable Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhang Kan , Jin Bingjun , Gao Yujie , Zhang Shengli , Shin Hyunjung , Zeng Haibo , Park Jong Hyeok 
Published: January 2019

Abstract1T‐phase molybdenum disulfide (1T‐MoS2) exhibits superior hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) over 2H‐phase MoS2 (2H‐MoS2). However, its thermodynamic instability is the main drawback impeding its practical application. In this work, a stable 1T‐MoS2 monolayer formed at edge‐aligned 2H‐MoS2 and a reduced graphene oxide heterointerface (EA‐2H/1T/RGO) using a precursor‐in‐solvent synthesis strategy are reported. Theoretical prediction indicates that the edge‐aligned layer stacking can induce heterointerfacial charge transfer, which results in a phase transition of the interfacial monolayer from 2H to 1T that realizes thermodynamic stability based on the adhesion energy between MoS2 and graphene. As an electrocatalyst for HER, EA‐2H/1T/RGO displays an onset potential of −103 mV versus RHE, a Tafel slope of 46 mV dec−1 and 10 h stability in acidic electrolyte. The unexpected activity of EA‐2H/1T/RGO beyond 1T‐MoS2 is due to an inherent defect caused by the gliding of S atoms during the phase transition from 2H to 1T, leading the Gibbs free energy of hydrogen adsorption (ΔGH*) to decrease from 0.13 to 0.07 eV, which is closest to the ideal value (0.06 eV) of 2H‐MoS2. The presented work provides fundamental insights into the impressive electrochemical properties of HER and opens new avenues for phase transitions at 2D/2D hybrid interfaces.
Delivery or expectant management for prevention of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: an individual participant data meta‐analysis
Authors: Bernardes T. P. , Zwertbroek E. F. , Broekhuijsen K. , Koopmans C. , Boers K. , Owens M. , Thornton J. , van Pampus M. G. , Scherjon S. A. , Wallace K. , Langenveld J. , van den Berg P. P. , Franssen M. T. M. , Mol B. W. J. , Groen H. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveHypertensive disorders affect 3–10% of pregnancies. Delayed delivery carries maternal risks, while early delivery increases fetal risk, so appropriate timing is important. The aim of this study was to compare immediate delivery with expectant management for prevention of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes in women with hypertensive disease in pregnancy.MethodsCENTRAL, PubMed, MEDLINE and
ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for randomized controlled trials comparing immediate delivery to expectant management in women presenting with gestational hypertension or pre‐eclampsia without severe features from 34 weeks of gestation. The primary neonatal outcome was respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and the primary maternal outcome was a composite of HELLP syndrome and eclampsia. The PRISMA‐IPD guideline was followed and a two‐stage meta‐analysis approach was used. Relative risks (RR) and numbers needed to treat or harm (NNT/NNH) with 95% CI were calculated to evaluate the effect of the intervention.ResultsMain outcomes were available for 1724 eligible women. Compared with expectant management, immediate delivery reduced the composite risk of HELLP syndrome and eclampsia in all women (0.8% vs 2.8%; RR, 0.33 (95% CI, 0.15–0.73); I2 = 0%; NNT, 51 (95% CI, 31.1–139.3)) as well as in the pre‐eclampsia subgroup (1.1% vs 3.5%; RR, 0.39 (95% CI, 0.15–0.98); I2 = 0%). Immediate delivery increased RDS risk (3.4% vs 1.6%; RR, 1.94 (95% CI 1.05–3.6); I2 = 24%; NNH, 58 (95% CI, 31.1–363.1)), but depended upon gestational age. Immediate delivery in the 35th week of gestation increased RDS risk (5.1% vs 0.6%; RR, 5.5 (95% CI, 1.0–29.6); I2 = 0%), but immediate delivery in the 36th week did not (1.5% vs 0.4%; RR, 3.4 (95% CI, 0.4–30.3); I2 not applicable).ConclusionIn women with hypertension in pregnancy, immediate delivery reduces the risk of maternal complications, whilst the effect on the neonate depends on gestational age. Specifically, women with a‐priori higher risk of progression to HELLP, such as those already presenting with pre‐eclampsia instead of gestational hypertension, were shown to benefit from earlier delivery. © 2019 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Follow-up of Benign Thyroid Nodules—Can We Do Less?
Authors: Mohammadi Manijeh , Betel Carrie , Burton Kirsteen Rennie , Higgins Kevin McLughlin , Ghorab Zeina , Halperin Ilana Jaye 
Published: January 2019

Objective To determine the incidence of malignancy, follow-up ultrasound (US), and repeat fine needle aspiration (FNA) in thyroid nodules that have been previously biopsied as benign. Methods This is a retrospective, descriptive study of benign thyroid nodules evaluated by US between 2010-2011. We determined the frequency of follow-up ultrasounds and FNAs, mean years of follow-up, interval between follow-up US, change in nodule size, reasons for repeat FNA (rFNA), frequency of thyroidectomy, and thyroid malignancy during 5 years of follow-up. Results A total of 733 benign thyroid nodules were reviewed in 615 patients. Mean years of US follow-up was 3.47 ± 1.65 years; 275 (37.5%) had no follow-up US; 109 (14.9%) had 1 follow-up US; 93 (12.7%) had 2 follow-up US; and 256 (34.9%) had 3 or more follow-up US. Assessment of thyroid nodule size showed that 215 (28.8%) nodules decreased in size, 145 (19.4%) increased in size by less than 50%, and 91 (12.1%) increased in size by more than 50%. Of the 733 nodules, 17 nodules (2.3%) underwent thyroidectomy for which the pathology result of 9 (1.2%) showed malignancy, and 65 (8.9%) thyroid nodules underwent rFNA. When applying the 2015 recommendations for repeat FNA, 35% were done unnecessarily. Conclusion In our sample of initially benign thyroid nodules, only 9 patients (1.2%) had pathology-proven malignancy after a mean follow-up of 3.5 years. Over 30% of patients had more than 3 rUSs. Decreased interval and frequency of rUS should be considered in future guidelines for thyroid management.
Heritability in frontotemporal tauopathies
Authors: Forrest Shelley L. , Halliday Glenda M. , McCann Heather , McGeachie Andrew B. , McGinley Ciara V. , Hodges John R. , Piguet Olivier , Kwok John B. , Spillantini Maria G. , Kril Jillian J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroductionExploring the degree of heritability in a large cohort of frontotemporal lobar degeneration with tau‐immunopositive inclusions (FTLD‐tau) and determining if different FTLD‐tau subtypes are associated with stronger heritability will provide important insight into disease pathogenesis.MethodsUsing modified Goldman pedigree classifications, heritability was examined in pathologically proven FTLD‐tau cases with dementia at any time (n = 124) from the Sydney‐Cambridge collection.ResultsThirteen percent of the FTLD‐tau cohort have a suggested autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance, 25% have some family history, and 62% apparently sporadic. MAPT mutations were found in 9% of cases. Globular glial tauopathy was associated with the strongest heritability with 40% having a suggested autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance followed by corticobasal degeneration (19%), Pick's disease (8%), and progressive supranuclear palsy (6%).DiscussionSimilar to clinical frontotemporal dementia syndromes, heritability varies between pathological subtypes. Further identification of a genetic link in cases with strong heritability await discovery.
Quantifying memory deficits in amnestic mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Andrés Pilar , Vico Helena , Yáñez Aina , Siquier Antònia , Ferrer Guillermo Amer 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroductionIn the present study, we use the item‐specific deficit approach (ISDA), a method for characterizing memory deficits in list‐learning, to portray the memory deficits in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI).MethodsWe applied the ISDA to compare memory performance of patients with aMCI and healthy controls in encoding, consolidation, and retrieval using the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test.ResultsThe results revealed clear differences in recall performance between patients with aMCI and controls. When analyzing the ISDA deficit indices, the results revealed a prominent encoding deficit, followed by a consolidating deficit. A greater sensitivity for the encoding index confirmed that a difficulty with encoding information plays a major role in explaining the episodic memory deficits experienced by patients with aMCI.DiscussionThe present study applying the ISDA reveals great sensitivity and specificity of the encoding deficit index when identifying aMCI. As aMCI constitutes a risk factor to develop Alzheimer's disease, the current findings also confirm the need to concentrate on encoding deficits as an early diagnostic sign of cognitive decline.