bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of plant genes putatively involved in the perception of fungal ergosterol‐squalene
Authors: Lindo Laura , Cardoza Rosa E. , Lorenzana Alicia , Casquero Pedro A. , Gutiérrez Santiago 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTrichoderma biocontrol strains establish a complex network of interactions with plants, in which diverse fungal molecules are involved in the recognition of these fungi as nonpathogenic organisms. These molecules act as microbial‐associated molecular patterns that trigger plant responses. Previous studies have reported the importance of ergosterol produced by Trichoderma spp. for the ability of these fungi to induce plant growth and defenses. In addition, squalene, a sterol biosynthetic intermediate, seems to play an important role in these interactions. Here, we analyzed the effect of different concentrations of ergosterol and squalene on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) growth and on the transcription level of defense‐ and growth‐related genes. We used an RNA‐seq strategy to identify several tomato genes encoding predicted pattern recognition receptor proteins or WRKY transcription factors, both of which are putatively involved in the perception and response to ergosterol and squalene. Finally, an analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants lacking the genes homologous to these tomato candidates led to the identification of a WRKY40 transcription factor that negatively regulates salicylic acid‐related genes and positively regulates ethylene‐ and jasmonate‐related genes in the presence of ergosterol and squalene.
Is There a Fatherhood Wage Premium? A Reassessment in Societies With Strong Male‐Breadwinner Legacies
Authors: Mari Gabriele 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines whether fatherhood sparks the wage attainment of men or rather entry into fatherhood is simply more typical for high‐earning men and at times of wage growth during the career cycle.BackgroundFatherhood premiums may contribute to gender economic inequalities, particularly in countries with strong male‐breadwinner legacies such as Germany and the United Kingdom. Yet, as male‐breadwinner norms have waned and policies have started fostering men's role as carers, wage premiums could be a thing of the past. Also, the mechanisms usually invoked to account for fatherhood premiums—effort allocation, couple specialization, and employer discrimination—seem of little relevance even in these countries. Entry into parenthood spurred by wage attainment is therefore scrutinized as an alternative source of the apparent premiums on average and across cohorts.MethodThe author uses long‐running panel data for both countries and three regression‐based approaches (pooled ordinary least squares, fixed effects estimation, and fixed effects individual‐slope estimation).ResultsOverall, fatherhood wage bonuses could not be detected on average as well as across birth cohorts. At best, estimates were compatible with modest premiums among older cohorts of men. Positive selection on both prior wage levels and wage growth was found to be largely responsible for the apparent wage boost. The contribution of selection on prior wage levels though has been fading across cohorts, meaning that men select into fatherhood less and less on the basis of time‐invariant characteristics positively related to both wages and the chance of becoming a father.ConclusionThe link between fatherhood and wages appears to be more of a selection story than a causal one, even in contexts with strong male‐breadwinner legacies.
A deficient or an excess of dietary threonine level affects intestinal mucosal integrity and barrier function in broiler chickens
Authors: Ji Shuyun , Qi Xi , Ma Shuxue , Liu Xing , Liu Shengguo , Min Yuna 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of deficient or excess of dietary threonine (Thr) levels on intestinal integrity and barrier function of broilers. A total of 432 1‐day‐old commercial broilers (Arbor Acre) were assigned to four experiment groups consisting of six replicates of 18 birds. The treatments were designed as follows: 85%, 100%, 125% and 150% of NRC (Nutrient requirements of poultry (9th edn). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1994) recommendations. The results indicated that expressions of jejunal and ileal secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) mRNA were increased linearly or quadratically by increasing Thr (p < .05), and the highest sIgA mRNA abundance was obtained in 125% Thr level. Likewise, the intestinal sIgA content showed similar increasing trend with the intestinal sIgA gene expression in this instance. The high level of Thr inclusion upregulated mucin 2 (MUC2) mRNA expression in the jejunum and ileum (p < .05). In addition, on day 21, the expression levels of jejunal zonula occludens‐2 (ZO‐2) and ileal zonula occludens‐1 (ZO‐1) decreased then increased with increasing Thr level (p < .05), whereas, the mRNA expressions of occludin in the jejunum and ileum had no significant difference amongst groups (p >.05). On day 42, Thr treatments did not affect the mRNA abundance of measured genes in the jejunum and ileum (p > .05). These findings suggested that Thr might be a nutrient immunomodulator that affects intestinal barrier function, moreover, 125% of the NRC (1994) recommendations Thr level was optimum.
Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of oral firocoxib in adult, mixed‐breed goats
Authors: Stuart Amy K. , KuKanich Butch , Caixeta Luciano S. , Coetzee Johann F. , Barrell Emily A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPharmacokinetic (PK) studies of oral firocoxib in large animal species have been limited to horses, preruminating calves, and adult camels. The aim of this study was to describe pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of firocoxib in adult goats. Ten healthy adult goats were administered 0.5 mg/kg firocoxib intravenously (i.v.) and per os (p.o.) in a randomized, crossover study. Plasma firocoxib concentrations were measured over a 96‐hr period for each treatment using HPLC and mass spectrometry, and PK analysis was performed. The p.o. formulation reached mean peak plasma concentration of 139 ng/ml (range: 87–196 ng/ml) in 0.77 hr (0.25–2.00 hr), and half‐life was 21.51 hr (10.21–48.32 hr). Mean bioavailability was 71% (51%–82%), indicative of adequate gastrointestinal absorption of firocoxib. There were no negative effects observed in any animal, and all blood work values remained within or very near reference range at the study's conclusion. Results indicate that oral firocoxib is well‐absorbed and rapidly reaches peak plasma concentrations, although the concentration also decreased quickly prior to the terminal phase. The prolonged half‐life may suggest tissue accumulation and higher plasma concentrations over time, depending on dosing schedule. Further studies to determine tissue residue depletion, pharmacodynamics, and therapeutic concentrations of firocoxib in goats are necessary.
Tetraethylammonium, glibenclamide, and 4‐aminopyridine modulate post‐occlusive reactive hyperemia in non‐glabrous human skin with no roles of NOS and COX
Authors: Fujii Naoto , McGarr Gregory W. , Ichinose Masashi , Nishiyasu Takeshi , Kenny Glen P. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesPost‐occlusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) following arterial occlusion is widely used to assess cutaneous microvascular function, though the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. We evaluated the hypothesis that Ca2+‐activated, ATP‐sensitive, and voltage‐gated K+ channels (KCa, KATP, and KV channels, respectively) contribute to PORH while nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX) do not.MethodsOn separate occasions, cutaneous blood flow (laser Doppler flowmetry) was monitored before and following 5‐min arterial occlusion at forearm skin sites treated via microdialysis with the following: Experiment 1 (n = 11): (a) lactated Ringer solution (Control), (b) 10 mM Nω‐nitro‐L‐arginine (NOS inhibitor), (c) 10 mM ketorolac (COX inhibitor), and (d) combined NOS+COX inhibition; Experiment 2 (n = 14): (a) lactated Ringer solution (Control), (b) 50 mM tetraethylammonium (non‐selective KCa channel blocker), (c) 5 mM glibenclamide (non‐specific KATP channel blocker), and (d) 10 mM 4‐aminopyridine (non‐selective KV channel blocker).ResultsSeparate and combined NOS and COX inhibition did not influence PORH. Conversely, tetraethylammonium and glibenclamide attenuated, whereas 4‐aminopyridine augmented PORH.ConclusionsWe showed that tetraethylammonium, glibenclamide, and 4‐aminopyridine modulate PORH with no roles of NOS and COX in human non‐glabrous forearm skin in vivo. Thus, cutaneous PORH changes could reflect altered K+ channel function.
Diet‐derived microbial metabolites in health and disease
Authors: Roager H. M. , Dragsted L. O. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe gut microbiota helps us digest food and has been associated with both good health and risk of disease. Although compositions of the gut microbiota are highly divergent, the gut microbiota exhibits a high level of functional redundancy making it difficult to reliably link gut microbiome patterns to health and diet across individuals. Thus, there is a need to move beyond profiling of the gut microbial composition to the assessment of gut microbial metabolic activity in order to expand knowledge on the impact of the gut microbiota on health. Metabolomics has already proven its utility in identifying gut‐derived microbial metabolites, which may be mediators of diet‐induced host–microbial crosstalk important for health. These diet‐derived metabolites include, among many others, the short‐chain fatty acids originating from bacterial degradation of dietary fibres and proteins, secondary bile acids derived from primary bile acids, microbial tryptophan catabolites resulting from proteolysis, imidazole propionate produced from histidine and trimethylamine N‐oxide, a host–microbial co‐metabolite of nutrients such as phosphatidylcholine, choline and L‐carnitine, present in high‐fat foods. These co‐metabolites have been associated with beneficial and detrimental effects in the host. However, the vast majority of metabolites measured by untargeted metabolomics in human blood and excreta remain unknown and may include additional microbial molecules of importance for health. Thus, there is great potential, yet to be explored, for identifying additional diet‐derived microbial products that affect the host. Herein, we review key advances, challenges and limitations in our understanding of diet–microbiome interactions and diet‐derived microbial metabolites in relation to human health and discuss how metabolomics may shed light on inter‐individual differences in dietary responses.
Improving pulse crops as a source of protein, starch and micronutrients
Authors: Robinson G. H. J. , Balk J. , Domoney C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPulse crops have been known for a long time to have beneficial nutritional profiles for human diets but have been neglected in terms of cultivation, consumption and scientific research in many parts of the world. Broad dietary shifts will be required if anthropogenic climate change is to be mitigated in the future, and pulse crops should be an important component of this change by providing an environmentally sustainable source of protein, resistant starch and micronutrients. Further enhancement of the nutritional composition of pulse crops could benefit human health, helping to alleviate micronutrient deficiencies and reduce risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. This paper reviews current knowledge regarding the nutritional content of pea (Pisum sativum L.) and faba bean (Vicia faba L.), two major UK pulse crops, and discusses the potential for their genetic improvement.
The impact of fossil stratigraphic ranges on tip‐calibration, and the accuracy and precision of divergence time estimates
Authors: Püschel Hans P. , O'Reilly Joseph E. , Pisani Davide , Donoghue Philip C. J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe molecular clock provides the only viable means of establishing realistic evolutionary timescales but it remains unclear how best to calibrate divergence time analyses. Calibrations can be applied to the tips and/or to the nodes of a phylogeny. Tip‐calibration is an attractive approach since it allows fossil species to be included alongside extant relatives in molecular clock analyses. However, most fossil species are known from multiple stratigraphical horizons and it remains unclear how such age ranges should be interpreted to codify tip‐calibrations. We use simulations and empirical data to explore the impact on precision and accuracy of different approaches to informing tip‐calibrations. In particular, we focus on the effect of using tip‐calibrations defined using the oldest vs youngest stratigraphic occurrences, the full stratigraphical range, as well as confidence intervals on these data points. The results of our simulations show that using different calibration approaches leads to different divergence‐time estimates and demonstrate that concentrating tip‐calibrations near the root of the dated phylogeny improves both precision and accuracy of estimated divergence times. Finally, our results indicate that the highest levels of accuracy and precision are achieved when fossil tips are calibrated based on the fossil occurrence from which the morphological data were derived. These trends were corroborated by analysis of an empirical dataset for Ursidae. Overall, we conclude that tip‐dating analyses should, in particular, employ tip calibrations close to the root of the tree and they should be calibrated based on the age of the fossil used to inform the morphological data used in Total Evidence Dating.
A practical approach to cerebral near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) directed hemodynamic management in noncardiac pediatric anesthesia
Authors: Weber Frank , Scoones Gail P. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSafeguarding cerebral function is of major importance during pediatric anesthesia. Premature, ex‐premature, and full‐term neonates can be vulnerable to physiological changes that occur during anesthesia and surgery. Data from studies performed during pediatric cardiac surgery and in neonatal/pediatric intensive care units have shown the benefits of near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) monitoring of regional cerebral oxygenation (c‐rSO2). However, NIRS monitoring is seldom used during noncardiac pediatric anesthesia. Despite compelling evidence that blood pressure does not reflect end‐organ perfusion, it is still regarded as the most important determinant of cerebral perfusion and the most relevant hemodynamic management target parameter by most (pediatric) anesthetists. The principle of NIRS monitoring is not self‐explanatory and sometimes seems even counterintuitive, which may explain why many anesthesiologists are reserved regarding its use. The first part of this paper is dedicated to a clinical introduction to NIRS monitoring. Despite scientific efforts, it has not yet been possible to define individual lower limit c‐rSO2 values and it is unlikely this will succeed in the near future. Nonetheless, published treatment algorithms usually specify c‐rSO2 values which may be associated with cerebral hypoxia. Our treatment guideline for maintaining sufficient cerebral oxygenation differs fundamentally from all previously published approaches. We define a baseline c‐rSO2 value, registered in the awake child prior to anesthesia induction, as the lowest acceptable limit during anesthesia and surgery. The cerebral rSO2 is the single target parameter, while blood pressure, heart rate, PaCO2, and SaO2 are major parameters that determine the c‐rSO2. Cerebral NIRS monitoring, interpreted together with its continuously available contributing parameters, may help avoid potentially harmful episodes of cerebral desaturation in anesthetized pediatric patients.
Biofloc technology: a review on the microbial interactions, operational parameters and implications to disease and health management of cultured aquatic animals
Authors: Dauda Akeem Babatunde 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAquaculture is increasingly becoming more intensified leading to challenges to maintain optimal water quality conditions but also reducing effluent discharge to the environment. Therefore, the needs for the development of production systems that can ensure sustainable aquaculture production through minimizing the release of waste to the environment. Such technology should be easy to operate and available at a cheaper cost, both in installation and operations in order to suit the needs of both low and high‐income farmers. Biofloc technology is such a technology that can ensure sustainable aquaculture production, with low technical demands and it is available at a cheap cost. It is essentially a water quality management techniques, through manipulation of microbiota to convert the deleterious waste from aquaculture production to consumable body biomass and it has been established to have many other benefits asides from the intending water quality. This review discusses the developments of the biofloc technology, microbial interactions, important operational parameters and implication of the system to the disease and health management of cultured aquatic animals.
Oral profile of eating disorders patients: Case series
Authors: Vieira Esteves Camilla , Gushiken de Campos Wladimir , Gallo Rosane Tronchin , Ebling Artes Gisele , Shimabukuro Natali , Witzel Andrea Lusvarghi , Lemos Celso Augusto 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOral alterations in patients diagnosed with eating disorders (ED) are reported in the literature, but few articles demonstrate these changes in a specific population. This study aims to summarize the findings of 26 patients with ED in a Brazilian dental clinic, through analyzing the body mass index and oral conditions (decayed, missing and filled teeth—DMFT, dental wear, salivary flux, xerostomia, oral hygiene—OHI‐S, oral lesions, and the prevalence of candidiasis), in order to facilitate recognition and enable accurate diagnosis for the general dentist. Probably, the premature diagnosis of ED resulted in lower DMFT and oral lesions.
The Polycomb protein LHP1 regulates Arabidopsis thaliana stress responses through the repression of the MYC2‐dependent branch of immunity
Authors: Ramirez‐Prado Juan Sebastian , Latrasse David , Rodriguez‐Granados Natalia Yaneth , Huang Ying , Manza‐Mianza Deborah , Brik‐Chaouche Rim , Jaouannet Maelle , Citerne Sylvie , Bendahmane Abdelhafid , Hirt Heribert , Raynaud Cecile , Benhamed Moussa 
Published: August 2019

SummaryPolycomb repressive complexes (PRCs) have been traditionally associated with the regulation of developmental processes in various organisms, including higher plants. However, similar to other epigenetic regulators, there is accumulating evidence for their role in the regulation of stress and immune‐related pathways. In the current study we show that the PRC1 protein LHP1 is required for the repression of the MYC2 branch of jasmonic acid (JA)/ethylene (ET) pathway of immunity. Loss of LHP1 induces the reduction in H3K27me3 levels in the gene bodies of ANAC019 and ANAC055, as well as some of their targets, leading to their transcriptional upregulation. Consistently, increased expression of these two transcription factors leads to the misregulation of several of their genomic targets. The lhp1 mutant mimics the MYC2, ANAC019, and ANAC055 overexpressers in several of their phenotypes, including increased aphid resistance, abscisic acid (ABA) sensitivity and drought tolerance. In addition, like the MYC2 and ANAC overexpressers, lhp1 displays reduced salicylic acid (SA) content caused by a deregulation of ICS1 and BSMT1, as well as increased susceptibility to the hemibiotrophic pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Together, our results indicate that LHP1 regulates the expression of stress‐responsive genes as well as the homeostasis and responses to the stress hormones SA and ABA. This protein emerges as a key chromatin player fine tuning the complex balance between developmental and stress‐responsive processes.
The RING finger E3 ligases PIR1 and PIR2 mediate PP2CA degradation to enhance abscisic acid response in Arabidopsis
Authors: Baek Woonhee , Lim Chae Woo , Luan Sheng , Lee Sung Chul 
Published: August 2019

SummaryRecent work has established a core ABA signaling pathway in which A‐type PP2C protein phosphatases act as central negative modulators. Although ABA signaling inhibits PP2C activity through ABA‐receptor complex, it remains unknown if other mechanisms exist to modulate the level of PP2Cs. Here, we identified a RING domain ubiquitin E3 ligase, PIR1 (PP2CA interacting RING finger protein 1), that interacted with PP2CA. Of the two splicing isoforms, PIR1.2 was isolated from leaf tissue. The PIR1.2 exhibited E3 ligase activity and determined PP2CA stability in the presence of ABA. Consistent with the conclusion that PIR1 promotes ABA signaling by removing PP2CA, a negative modulator, the pir1 knockout mutant displayed an ABA‐hyposensitive phenotype. We further showed that PIR2, the closest homologue of PIR1.2, also interacted with PP2CA. Although the pir2 knockout mutant did not display altered ABA response, the pir1‐1/pir2 double mutant became more insensitive to ABA than the wild‐type or pir1‐1 and pir2 single mutants. Using a cell‐free degradation assay, ABA promoted degradation of PP2CA, however, such degradation was delayed when incubated with protein extract prepared from the pir1‐1/pir2 double mutant. Our data suggest that PIR1 and PIR2 positively modulate ABA signaling by targeting PP2CA for degradation.
Do Māori initiatives by Māori and for Māori really help Māori?
Authors: Thompson Newton 
Published: August 2019

Do Māori initiatives by Māori and for Māori really help Māori? In order for me to answer this question I will discuss ‘Hokowhitu’, a rangatahi life-skills programme designed specifically for Māori, by Māori, using a kaupapa Māori approach. The programme was part of a research project undertaken by the School of Physical Education at the University of Otago and was aimed at Māori rangatahi who were susceptible to alcohol and drug abuse within their micro-interactive surroundings. After a description of the programme I will finish with a discussion on how the programme influenced me personally with a critical analysis based entirely on my personal thoughts which should not be used to undermine the objectives of the creator of the programme.