bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photochemical Alkene Isomerization for the Synthesis of Polysubstituted Furans and Pyrroles under Neutral Conditions
Authors: Walker Johannes C. L. , Werrel Simon , Donohoe Timothy J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA photochemical approach to polysubstituted heterocycles using UV‐induced alkene isomerization is described. The method allows for the synthesis of disubstituted furans and pyrroles under mild and neutral conditions and also provides access to a class of trisubstituted furans pertinent to natural‐product synthesis. The method has broad functional‐group tolerance and many richly decorated heterocycles have been prepared incorporating functional groups that are unstable under Brønsted and Lewis acidic conditions.
Negishi Coupling for Highly Selective Syntheses of Allenes via Ligand Effect and Mechanistic Study via SAESI‐MS/MS
Authors: Zheng Yangguangyan , Miao Bukeyan , Qin Anni , Xiao Junzhe , Liu Qi , Li Gen , Zhang Li , Zhang Fang , Guo Yinlong , Ma Shengming 
Published: August 2019

Summary of main observation and conclusionβ‐H elimination is an intrinsic problem in transition metal‐catalyzed reactions. We describe herein an interesting ligand effect for Et2Zn acting as either ethyl provider or H provider, respectively: by applying SPhos or Gorlos‐Phos as the ligand, β‐H elimination has been successfully controlled in the corresponding Negishi coupling reaction affording different poly‐substituted allenes in good yields and excellent selectivities. SAESI‐MS (Solvent Assisted Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry) has been applied to successfully capture the highly reactive organometallic intermediates, which show the different coordination behaviors of Pd with SPhos or Gorlos‐Phos as the ligand in the catalytic cycle. In addition, the different reactivities of Int 1 and Int 2 towards the formation of the final allene products have been demonstrated via SAESI‐MS/MS experiments. These MS studies visualized the whole catalytic cycle for the Negishi coupling reaction while nicely explain the observed reactivity and selectivity.
Diagnostic value of biopsy sampling in predicting histology in patients with diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Chirieac Lucian R. , Hung Yin P. , Foo Wai Chin , Hofer Matthias D. , VanderLaan Paul A. , Richards William G. , Sugarbaker David J. , Bueno Raphael 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundThe classification of diffuse malignant mesothelioma into epithelioid, biphasic, and sarcomatoid types is based on histologic patterns. The diagnosis is made on biopsies, and because of intratumoral heterogeneity, they may not be representative of the entire tumor. The number and volume of biopsies needed to reach diagnostic accuracy in diffuse malignant mesothelioma and their prognostic value remain unclear.MethodsThis study examined 759 consecutive patients with pleural diffuse malignant mesothelioma treated by pleurectomy/decortication or extrapleural pneumonectomy for the presence of epithelioid and/or sarcomatoid histology and classified both the presurgery biopsies (core‐needle or thoracoscopic) and surgical resection specimens. The number and volume of biopsies were correlated with pre‐ and postsurgery histologies and overall survival.ResultsDiffuse malignant mesothelioma was classified as epithelioid (76%), biphasic (18%), sarcomatoid (5%), or indeterminate (1%) in biopsies and as epithelioid (64%), biphasic (32%), and sarcomatoid (4%) in surgical resection specimens (overall concordance, 80.6%). The positive likelihood ratios were 2.4, 13.6, and 90.1 for biopsies with epithelioid, biphasic, and sarcomatoid histologies, respectively. Concordant histologies between biopsies and resections were associated with a higher number of biopsies (median tissue blocks for concordant histologies vs discordant histologies, 3 vs 2; P < .002) but were less associated with a higher volume (median, 1.2 vs 1.1 cm3; P = .06). In a multivariate analysis, overall survival was independently predicted by histology in the resection specimen (P < .0001) but not in the biopsy (P = .09).ConclusionsIn contrast to epithelioid histology, sarcomatoid histology in biopsies is highly accurate. Despite intratumoral heterogeneity, the accuracy of histologic classification increases with the number of tissue blocks examined, emphasizing the diagnostic value of extensive sampling by presurgery biopsies.
Synthesis, Photophysics and Redox Properties of Aza‐BODIPY Dyes with Electron‐Donating Groups
Authors: Obłoza Magdalena , Łapok Łukasz , Pędziński Tomasz , Stadnicka Katarzyna M. , Nowakowska Maria 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA series of novel aza‐BODIPY dyes substituted with p‐(dimethylamino)phenyl groups were synthesized and their spectral and electrochemical properties were compared. In particular, the impact of p‐(Me2N)Ph‐ groups on these characteristics was of consideration. For two aza‐BODIPYs studied, a near‐IR absorption band was observed at circa λabs=796 nm. Due to the pronounced intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) exerted by the presence of strongly electron‐donating p‐(Me2N)Ph‐ substituents, the compounds studied were weakly emissive with the singlet lifetimes (τS) in the picosecond range. Nanosecond laser photolysis experiments of the brominated aza‐BODIPYs revealed T1→Tn absorption spanning from ca. 350 nm to ca. 550 nm with the triplet lifetimes (τT) ranged between 6.0 μs and 8.5 μs. The optical properties of the aza‐BODIPYs studied were pH‐sensitive. Upon protonation of the dimethylamino groups with trifluoroacetic acid in toluene, a stepwise disappearance of the NIR absorption band at λabs=790 nm was observed with the concomitant appearance of a blue‐shifted absorption band at λabs=652 nm, which was accompanied by a prominent emission band at λfl=680 nm. The transformation from a non‐emissive to an emissive compound is associated with the inhibition of the ICT. As estimated by CV/DPV measurements, all aza‐BODIPYs studied exhibited two irreversible oxidation and two quasi‐reversible reduction processes. All compounds studied exhibit extremely high photostability and thermal stability.
A switch‐controlled multimode narrowband receiver RF front‐end
Authors: Li Xiaolong , Wang Jianrong , Zhu Ningning , Zhu Jin , Zheng Wei 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThis work illustrates a flexible and convenient method to build a multimode narrowband receiver RF front‐end by means of controlled switches, switched capacitors, and switched inductors. The front‐end comprises a dual‐gain‐mode narrowband low‐noise amplifier (LNA) and a dual‐linearity‐mode mixer. A four‐mode receiver RF front‐end constructed with the dual‐gain‐mode LNA and the dual‐linearity‐mode mixer operating in frequency band range from 1800 to 2050 MHz was demonstrated with an IBM 90‐nm CMOS process. The front‐end achieves a 1/1.6 dB noise figure, 30/20 dB power gain, and 16/−10 dBm third‐order input intercept point while draws a 5.9/3.6 mA current from a 1.8‐V supply voltage at the low noise mode and high linearity mode, respectively. The proposed technique can be employed to build an intelligent mobile system.
Peritoneal involvement by salpingoliths clinical significance and cytological challenges of interpretation
Authors: El Hussein Siba , Guerrero Dominick , Khader Samer N. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe present a case of salpingoliths detected in peritoneal washing, during an elective bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy, in a 32 years old woman with history of familial BRCA gene mutation. Salpingoliths are psammoma body‐like types of calcification that originate from the fallopian tubes and can be encountered in peritoneal washings. Unlike psammoma bodies, salpingoliths have been tagged to benign and hyperplastic processes more often than neoplastic processes. Misinterpreting salpingoliths as psammoma bodies in peritoneal washings can be misleading for both cytopathologists and clinicians, especially as in the presented case, where there is a high risk for ovarian carcinoma. In this article, we aim to shed light on this rare finding, and report theories explaining its pathogenesis, in addition we provide an example of its challenging cytological presentation, to increase awareness among cytopathologists.
Blood‐based biomarkers for Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review
Authors: Petersen Melissa E. , O'Bryant Sid E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDown syndrome (DS) occurs due to triplication of chromosome 21. Individuals with DS face an elevated risk for development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to increased amyloid beta (Aβ) resulting from the over‐expression of the amyloid precursor protein found on chromosome 21. Diagnosis of AD among individuals with DS poses particular challenges resulting in an increased focus on alternative diagnostic methods such as blood‐based biomarkers. The aim of this review was to evaluate the current state of the literature of blood‐based biomarkers found in individuals with DS and particularly among those also diagnosed with AD or in prodromal stages (mild cognitive impairment [MCI]). A systematic review was conducted utilizing a comprehensive search strategy. Twenty‐four references were identified, of those, 22 fulfilled inclusion criteria were selected for further analysis with restriction to only plasma‐based biomarkers. Studies found Aβ to be consistently higher among individuals with DS; however, the link between Aβ peptides (Aβ1‐42 and Aβ1‐40) and AD among DS was inconsistent. Inflammatory‐based proteins were more reliably found to be elevated leading to preliminary work focused on an algorithmic approach with predominantly inflammatory‐based proteins to detect AD and MCI as well as predict risk of incidence among DS. Separate work has also shown remarkable diagnostic accuracy with the use of a single protein (NfL) as compared to combined proteomic profiles. This review serves to outline the current state of the literature and highlights the potential plasma‐based biomarkers for use in detecting AD and MCI among this at‐risk population.
Evolution of mitral regurgitation in patients with heart failure referred to a tertiary heart failure clinic
Authors: de Groot – de Laat Lotte E. , Huizer Jessy , Lenzen Mattie , Spitzer Ernest , Ren Ben , Geleijnse Marcel L. , Caliskan Kadir 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimsSignificant mitral regurgitation (MR) is an important predictor for all‐cause mortality and heart failure (HF) hospitalizations independent of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The aims of this study were to investigate (i) in how many patients referred to a tertiary outpatient HF clinic HF therapy could be optimized, (ii) the effect of optimized treatment on MR severity, and (iii) whether a reduction in MR resulted in improvement of symptoms.Methods and resultsForty‐seven referred patients with therapy‐resistant symptomatic chronic HF with an LVEF <40% and at least moderate MR were analysed on admission and after optimization of HF treatment after 6–18 months. The patients were classified as a volume responder when LV end‐systolic volume (LVESV) decreased ≥15%, as LVEF responder when LVEF increased by ≥5% points, as clinical responder when New York Heart Association (NYHA) class improved at least one category, and as MR responder when MR severity improved at least one category to maximally moderate. After 14 ± 4 months of treatment optimization, optimal doses of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blocker were seen in 18 (38%) patients compared with three (6%) at baseline (P < 0.001), and optimal doses of beta‐blockers were seen in 14 (30%) patients compared with four (9%) at baseline (P < 0.001). In total, 68% of the patients were clinical responders, 57% MR responders, 34% volumetric responders, and 49% LVEF responders. NYHA class improved from 2.9 ± 0.6 to 2.0 ± 0.9 (P < 0.001), MR class from 5.2 ± 0.8 to 3.6 ± 1.5 (P < 0.001), LVEF from 24% ± 9% to 31% ± 12% (P < 0.01), and LVESV non‐significantly improved. The positive predictive value of MR response to NYHA response was 88%; the negative predictive value was 53%, agreement 69%, and kappa 0.39. The positive predictive value of LVEF response to NYHA response was 76%; the negative predictive value was 44%, agreement 60%, and kappa 0.21. The positive predictive value of LVESV volume response to NYHA response was 75%; the negative predictive value was 39%, agreement 51%, and kappa 0.12.ConclusionsAlthough this study was limited by a small number of patients, initiation and up‐titration of recommended HF therapy in patients referred to our tertiary HF outpatient clinic resulted in significant MR reduction in over half of the patients, emphasizing the importance of optimal medical treatment in these very sick cardiac patients with otherwise grave prognosis. MR reduction was best correlated to NYHA improvement.
Oral modified release morphine for breathlessness in chronic heart failure: a randomized placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Johnson Miriam J. , Cockayne Sarah , Currow David C. , Bell Kerry , Hicks Kate , Fairhurst Caroline , Gabe Rhian , Torgerson David , Jefferson Laura , Oxberry Stephen , Ghosh Justin , Hogg Karen J. , Murphy Jeremy , Allgar Victoria , Cleland John G.F. , Clark Andrew L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimsMorphine is shown to relieve chronic breathlessness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. There are no definitive data in people with heart failure. We aimed to determine the effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of 12 weeks morphine therapy for the relief of chronic breathlessness in people with chronic heart failure compared with placebo.Methods and resultsParallel group, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, phase III trial of 20 mg daily oral modified release morphine was conducted in 13 sites in England and Scotland: hospital/community cardiology or palliative care outpatients. The primary analysis compared between‐group numerical rating scale average breathlessness/24 hours at week 4 using a covariance pattern linear mixed model. Secondary outcomes included treatment‐emergent harms (worse or new). The trial closed early due to slow recruitment, randomizing 45 participants [average age 72 (range 39–89) years; 84% men; 98% New York Heart Association class III]. For the primary analysis, the adjusted mean difference was 0.26 (95% confidence interval, −0.86 to 1.37) in favour of placebo. All other breathlessness measures improved in both groups (week 4 change‐from‐baseline) but by more in those assigned to morphine. Neither group was excessively drowsy at baseline or week 4. There were no between‐group differences in quality of life (Kansas) or cognition (Montreal) at any time point. There was no exercise‐related desaturation and no change between baseline and week 4 in either group. There was no change in vital signs at week 4. The natriuretic peptide measures fell in both groups but by more in the morphine group [morphine 2169 (1092, 3851) pg/mL vs. placebo 2851 (1694, 5437)] pg/mL. There was no excess serious adverse events in the morphine group. Treatment‐emergent harms during the first week were more common in the morphine group; all apart from 1 were ≤ grade 2.ConclusionsWe could not answer our primary objectives due to inadequate power. However, we provide novel placebo‐controlled medium‐term benefit and safety data useful for clinical practice and future trial design. Morphine should only be prescribed in this population when other measures are unhelpful and with early management of side effects.
Beta‐lactoglobulin Electrochemical Detection Based with an Innovative Platform Based on Composite Polymer
Authors: Lettieri Mariagrazia , Hosu Oana , Adumitrachioaie Alina , Cristea Cecilia , Marrazza Giovanna 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this work, we present a new electrochemical disposable platform based on poly(aniline‐co‐anthranilic acid) (PANI/PAA) composite polymer coupled with an aptamer for sensitive detection of β‐lactoglobulin. Firstly, PANI/PAA film was electrodeposited on the graphite screen‐printed electrode surface by cyclic voltammetry. The co‐polymer modified electrode was then employed as platform for the covalent immobilization of an amino‐modified aptamer. Various β‐lactoglobulin solutions, with a fixed amount of biotinylated oligonucleotide complementary sequence, were dropped onto the aptasensor surface. A streptavidin‐alkaline phosphatase conjugate was then employed to trace the affinity reaction. After the addition of 1‐naphthyl‐phosphate enzymatic substrate, 1‐naphthol electroactive product was detected by differential pulse voltammetry. A decrease in the signal was obtained when the target concentration was increased, in according to a signal‐off approach. After optimization of key experimental parameters, a dose‐response curve was obtained between 0.01–1.0 μg mL−1 β‐lactoglobulin concentration range. The limit of detection of 0.053 μg L−1 was obtained. Milk samples spiked with β‐lactoglobulin were analyzed.
Perspectives of dementia from Asian communities living in New Zealand: A focus group of Asian health care professionals
Authors: Cheung Gary , Appleton Kerry , Boyd Michal , Cullum Sarah 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveThe number of Asian New Zealanders with dementia is growing. The objective of this study was to explore with a group of Asian health care professionals about public attitudes towards dementia in Asian communities in New Zealand, the stigma of dementia, and how best to develop culturally appropriate services for Asian people and families living with dementia.MethodsA focus group was conducted with a group of bilingual Asian health care professionals. A topic guide was developed based on the discussion at a prior meeting with the Cross Cultural Interest Group. The data were independently analysed by three researchers using the thematic qualitative methodology.ResultsEleven overseas‐born Asian health care professionals (Chinese: n = 9, 82%) participated in the focus group. Four main themes emerged from the data: (a) cultural interpretations of dementia; (b) stigma; (c) filial piety; and (d) inequity in the availability of resources.ConclusionOur findings suggest that much work is needed to destigmatise dementia in New Zealand Asian communities, through psychoeducation, public awareness, and the availability of readily accessible services that can meet their cultural and language needs.
Significance and management of incidentally diagnosed metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma in cervical lymph nodes in neck dissection specimens
Authors: Mandapathil Magis , Lennon Paul , Ganly Ian , Patel Snehal G. , Shah Jatin P. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe management of patients with incidentally discovered metastatic thyroid cancer in cervical lymph nodes in neck dissection specimens for other pathologies is unclear.MethodsRetrospective review of neck dissection specimens for nonthyroid malignancy during a 30‐year period was undertaken to identify incidental metastatic papillary thyroid cancer (PTC).ResultsTwenty‐six patients had an incidental finding of PTC in lymph node(s) in neck dissection specimens. Subsequent ultrasound of the thyroid showed nodules in 20 patients. Eleven (42%) underwent total thyroidectomy, 1 (4%) had a lobectomy, and 14 (54%) were kept under active surveillance only. At a median follow‐up of 48 months (range 10‐189 months), all patients who had undergone surgery and those under surveillance were free of PTC recurrence.ConclusionEvaluation for detection of a primary thyroid tumor is essential in all patients with incidentally discovered metastatic PTC. Decision regarding surgery or surveillance is dependent on clinical and radiological tumor features and patient factors.
An analytical approach to ascertain saturation‐excess versus infiltration‐excess overland flow in urban and reference landscapes
Authors: Stewart Ryan D. , Bhaskar Aditi S. , Parolari Anthony J. , Herrmann Dustin L. , Jian Jinshi , Schifman Laura A. , Shuster William D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractUncontrolled overland flow drives flooding, erosion, and contaminant transport, with the severity of these outcomes often amplified in urban areas. In pervious media such as urban soils, overland flow is initiated via either infiltration‐excess (where precipitation rate exceeds infiltration capacity) or saturation‐excess (when precipitation volume exceeds soil profile storage) mechanisms. These processes call for different management strategies, making it important for municipalities to discern between them. In this study, we derived a generalized one‐dimensional model that distinguishes between infiltration‐excess overland flow (IEOF) and saturation‐excess overland flow (SEOF) using Green–Ampt infiltration concepts. Next, we applied this model to estimate overland flow generation from pervious areas in 11 U.S. cities. We used rainfall forcing that represented low‐ and high‐intensity events and compared responses among measured urban versus predevelopment reference soil hydraulic properties. The derivation showed that the propensity for IEOF versus SEOF is related to the equivalence between two nondimensional ratios: (a) precipitation rate to depth‐weighted hydraulic conductivity and (b) depth of soil profile restrictive layer to soil capillary potential. Across all cities, reference soil profiles were associated with greater IEOF for the high‐intensity set of storms, and urbanized soil profiles tended towards production of SEOF during the lower intensity set of storms. Urban soils produced more cumulative overland flow as a fraction of cumulative precipitation than did reference soils, particularly under conditions associated with SEOF. These results will assist cities in identifying the type and extent of interventions needed to manage storm water produced from pervious areas.
OptCAM: An ultra‐fast all‐optical architecture for DNA variant discovery
Authors: Maleki Ehsan , Koohi Somayyeh , Kavehvash Zahra , Mashaghi Alireza 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNowadays, the accelerated expansion of genetic data challenges speed of current DNA sequence alignment algorithms due to their electrical implementations. Essential needs of an efficient and accurate method for DNA variant discovery demand new approaches for parallel processing in real time. Fortunately, photonics, as an emerging technology in data computing, proposes optical correlation as a fast similarity measurement algorithm; while complexity of existing local alignment algorithms severely limits their applicability. Hence, in this paper, employing optical correlation for global alignment, we present an optical processing approach for local DNA sequence alignment to benefit both high‐speed processing and operational parallelism, inherently exist in optics. The proposed method, named as OptCAM, utilizes amplitude and wavelength of the optical signals, to accurately locate mutations through three main procedures. Furthermore, an all‐optical implementation of the OptCAM method is proposed consisting of three units, corresponding to the three OptCAM procedures. Performing considerably fast processes by passing optical signals through high‐throughput photonic devices, OptCAM avoids various limitations of electrical implementations. Accuracy and efficiency of the OptCAM method and its optical implementation are validated through numerical simulation by a gold standard simulation benchmark. The results indicate the proposed method is significantly faster than its electrical counterparts, in both single node and grid computation.