bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GATA3 controls mitochondrial biogenesis in primary human CD4+T cells during DNA damage
Authors: Callender Lauren A. , Schroth Johannes , Carroll Elizabeth C. , Romano Lisa E.L. , Hendy Eleanor , Kelly Audrey , Lavender Paul , Akbar Arne N. , Chapple J. Paul , Henson Sian M. 
Published: August 2019

Introductory paragraphGATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) has traditionally been regarded as a lineage-specific transcription factor that drives the differentiation of CD4+T helper (Th) 2 cells. However, increasing evidence shows that GATA3 is involved in a myriad of processes such as immune regulation, proliferation and maintenance in other T cell and non-T cell lineages. We show here a previously unknown mechanism utilized by CD4+T cells to increase mitochondrial mass in response to DNA damage through the binding of GATA3, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator-1α (PGC1α), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) to the DNA damage repair (DDR) component ATR. These findings extend the pleotropic nature of GATA3 and highlight the potential for GATA3-targeted cell manipulation for clinical interventions.
Deficiency in the endocytic adaptor protein PHETA1/2 impairs renal and craniofacial development
Authors: Ates Kristin M. , Wang Tong , Moreland Trevor , Veeranan-Karmegam Rajalakshmi , Anand Priya , Wenzel Wolfgang , Kim Hyung-Goo , Wolfe Lynne A. , Stephen Joshi , Adams David R. , Markello Thomas , Tifft Cynthia J. , Gahl William A. , Gonsalvez Graydon B. , Malicdan May Christine , Flanagan-Steet Heather , Pan Y. Albert 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA critical barrier in the treatment of endosomal and lysosomal diseases is the lack of understanding of thein vivofunctions of the putative causative genes. We addressed this by investigating a key pair of endocytic adaptor proteins, PH domain containing endocytic trafficking adaptor 1 and 2 (PHETA1/2, also known as FAM109A/B, Ses1/2, IPIP27A/B), which interact with the protein product ofOCRL, the causative gene for Lowe syndrome. Here we conducted the first study of PHETA1/2in vivo, utilizing the zebrafish system. We found that impairment of both zebrafish orthologs,pheta1andpheta2, disrupted endocytosis and ciliogenesis. In addition,pheta1/2mutant animals exhibited reduced jaw size and delayed chondrocyte maturation, indicating a role in craniofacial development. Deficiency ofpheta1/2resulted in dysregulation of cathepsin K, which led to an increased abundance of type II collagen in craniofacial cartilages. The abnormal renal and craniofacial phenotypes in thepheta1/2mutant animals were consistent with the clinical presentations of a patient with ade novoarginine (R) to cysteine (C) variant (R6C) of PHETA1. Expressing the patient-specific variant in zebrafish exacerbated craniofacial deficits, suggesting that the R6C allele acts in a dominant-negative manner. Together, these results provide insights into thein vivoroles of PHETA1/2 and suggest that the R6C variant is contributory to the pathogenesis of disease in the patient.
Context-dependent dynamics lead to the assembly of functionally distinct pitcher-plant microbiomes
Authors: Bittleston Leonora S. , Gralka Matti , Leventhal Gabriel E. , Mizrahi Itzhak , Cordero Otto X. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNiche construction through interspecific interactions can condition future community states on past ones. However, the extent to which such history dependency can steer communities towards functionally different states remains a subject of active debate. Using bacterial communities collected from wild pitchers of the carnivorous pitcher plant,Sarracenia purpurea, we tested the effects of history on composition and function across communities assembled in synthetic pitcher plant microcosms. We found that the diversity of assembled communities was determined by the diversity of the system at early, pre-assembly stages. Species composition was also contingent on early community states, not only because of differences in the species pool, but also because the same species had different dynamics in different community contexts. Importantly, compositional differences were proportional to differences in function, as profiles of resource use were strongly correlated with composition, despite convergence in respiration rates. Early differences in community structure can thus propagate to mature communities, conditioning their functional repertoire.
Structural genomic applied on the rust fungus Melampsora larici-populina reveals two candidate effector proteins adopting cystine-knot and nuclear transport factor 2-like protein folds
Authors: de Guillen Karine , Lorrain Cécile , Tsan Pascale , Barthe Philippe , Petre Benjamin , Saveleva Natalya , Rouhier Nicolas , Duplessis Sébastien , Padilla André , Hecker Arnaud 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTRust fungi are plant pathogens that secrete an arsenal of effector proteins interfering with plant functions and promoting parasitic infection. Effectors are often species-specific, evolve rapidly, and display low sequence similarities with known proteins or domains. How rust fungal effectors function in host cells remains elusive, and biochemical and structural approaches have been scarcely used to tackle this question. In this study, we used a strategy based on recombinant protein production in Escherichia coli to study eleven candidate effectors of the leaf rust fungus Melampsora larici-populina. We successfully purified and solved the three-dimensional structure of two proteins, MLP124266 and MLP124017, using NMR spectroscopy. Although both proteins show no sequence similarity with known proteins, they exhibit structural similarities to knottin and nuclear transport factor 2-like proteins, respectively. Altogether, our findings show that sequence-unrelated effectors can adopt folds similar to known proteins, and encourage the use of biochemical and structural approaches to functionally characterize rust effector candidates.
Developmental Characterization ofZswim5Expression in the Progenitor Domains and Tangential Migration Pathways of Cortical Interneurons in the Mouse Forebrain
Authors: Chang Chuan-Chie , Kuo Hsiao-Ying , Chen Shih-Yun , Lu Kuan-Ming , Fong Weng Lam , Wu Hsiao-Lin , Saito Tetsuichiro , Liu Fu-Chin 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTGABAergic interneurons play an essential role in modulating cortical networks. The progenitor domains of cortical interneurons are localized in developing ventral forebrain, including the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE), caudal ganglionic eminence (CGE), preoptic area (POA) and preoptic hypothalamic border domain (POH). Here, we characterized the expression pattern ofZswim5, an MGE-enriched gene in the mouse forebrain. At E11.5 to E13.5, prominentZswim5expression was detected in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of MGE, CGE, POA and POH of ventral telencephalon in which progenitors of cortical interneurons resided. At E15.5 and E17.5,Zswim5remained detectable in the SVZ of pallidal primordium (MGE).Zswim5mRNA was markedly decreased after birth and was absent in the adult forebrain. Interestingly,Zswim5expression pattern resembled the tangential migration pathways of cortical interneurons.Zswim5-positive cells in the MGE appeared to migrate from the MGE through the SVZ of LGE to overlying neocortex. Indeed,Zswim5was co-localized with Nkx2.1 and Lhx6, markers of progenitos and migratory cortical interneurons. Double labeling showed that Mash1/Ascl1-positive cells did not expressZswim5.Zswim5expressing cells showed none or at most low levels of Ki67 but co-expressed Tuj1 in the SVZ of MGE. These results suggest thatZswim5is immediately upregulated as progenitors exiting cell cycle to become postmitotic. Given that recent studies have elucidated that the cell fate of cortical interneurons is determined shortly after postmitotic, the timing ofZswim5expression in early postmitotic cortical interneurons suggests a potential role ofZswim5in regulation of neurogenesis and tangential migration of cortical interneurons.
Finite-element analysis of turbine generator using homogenization method taking account of magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Minehisa Ryoko , Takahashi Yasuhito , Fujiwara Koji , Takahashi Norio , Fujita Masafumi , Tsujikawa Kazuma , Nagakura Ken 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to propose a homogenization method considering magnetic anisotropy for a magnetic field analysis of a turbine generator. To verify the validity of the proposed method, the effects of magnetic anisotropy and a space factor on a no-load saturation curve and no-load iron loss of the turbine generator are discussed.

Design/methodology/approach
The proposed method was derived from the combination of the homogenization of microscopic fields in a laminated iron core with the modelling of two-dimensional magnetic properties based on free energy. To verify the validity, the proposed method was applied to a finite-element analysis of a simple ring core model. Finally, a no-load saturation curve and iron loss of the turbine generator was investigated by using the proposed method.

Findings
The computational accuracy of the homogenization method considering magnetic anisotropy is almost the same as that of the detailed modelling of the laminated structure in the magnetic field analysis of the laminated iron core. Furthermore, it is clarified that magnetic anisotropy does not have a large influence on the no-load saturation curve of the turbine generator because of the large air gap. On the other hand, the space factor affects the shape of the no-load saturation curve.

Originality/value
This paper verifies the validity of the homogenization method considering magnetic anisotropy method and elucidates the effects of magnetic anisotropy and a space factor on no-load characteristics of the turbine generator.
Dynamic analysis of railway with locally continuous supported superstructures
Authors: Metin Muzaffer , Ulu Arif , Demir Ozgur , Arikoglu Aytac 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
In this study, a railway superstructure is modeled with a new approach called locally continuous supporting, and its behavior under the effect of moving load is analyzed by using analytical and numerical techniques. The purpose of the study is to demonstrate the success of the new modeling technique.

Design/methodology/approach
In the railway superstructure, the support zones are not modeled with discrete spring-damping elements. Instead of this, it is considered to be a continuous viscoelastic structure in the local areas. To model this approach, the governing partial differential equations are derived by Hamilton’s principle and spatially discretized by the Galerkin’s method, and the time integration of the resulting ordinary differential equation system is carried out by the Newmark–Beta method.

Findings
Both the proposed model and the solution technique are verified against conventional one-dimensional and three-dimensional finite element models for a specific case, and a very good agreement between the results is observed. The effects of geometric, structural, and loading parameters such as rail-pad length, rail-pad stiffness, rail-pad damping ratio, the gap between rail pads and vehicle speed on the dynamic response of railway superstructure are investigated in detail.

Originality/value
There are mainly two approaches to the modeling of rail pads. The first approach considers them as a single spring-damper connected in parallel located at the centroid of the rail pad. The second one divides the rail pad into several parts, with each of part represented by an equivalent spring-damper system. To obtain realistic results with minimum CPU time for the dynamic response of railway superstructure, the rail pads are modeled as continuous linearly viscoelastic local supports. The mechanical model of viscoelastic material is considered as a spring and damper connected in parallel.
Convergence improvement of the simultaneous relaxation method used in the finite element analysis of incompressible fluid flows
Authors: Kohno Haruhiko 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to present an improved finite element method used for achieving faster convergence in simulations of incompressible fluid flows. For stable computations of incompressible fluid flows, it is important to ensure that the flow field satisfies the equation of continuity in each element of a generally distorted mesh. The study aims to develop a numerical approach that satisfies this requirement based on the highly simplified marker-and-cell (HSMAC) method and increases computational speed by introducing a new algorithm into the simultaneous relaxation of velocity and pressure.

Design/methodology/approach
First, the paper shows that the classical HSMAC method is equivalent to a Jacobi-type method in terms of the simultaneous relaxation of velocity and pressure. Then, a Gauss–Seidel or successive over-relaxation (SOR)-type method is introduced in the Newton–Raphson iterations to take into account all the derivative terms in the first-order Taylor series expansion of a nodal-averaged error explicitly. Here, the nine-node quadrilateral (Q2–Q1) elements are used.

Findings
The new finite element approach based on the improved HSMAC algorithm is tested on fluid flow problems including the lid-driven square cavity flow and the flow past a circular cylinder. The results show significant improvement of the convergence property with the accuracy of the numerical solutions kept unchanged even on a highly distorted mesh.

Originality/value
To the best of the author’s knowledge, the idea of using the Gauss–Seidel or SOR method in the simultaneous relaxation procedure of the HSMAC method has not been proposed elsewhere.
Influence of airflow dynamics on vortices in the human nasal cavity
Authors: Dohare Punjan , Bhondekar Amol P. , Sharma Anupma , Ghanshyam C. 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to understand the effect of airflow dynamics on vortices for different flow rates using the human nose three-dimensional model.

Design/methodology/approach
Olfaction originates with air particles travelling from an external environment to the upper segment of the human nose. This phenomenon is generally understood by using the nasal airflow dynamics, which enhances the olfaction by creating the vortices in the human nose. An anatomical three-dimensional model of the human nasal cavity from computed tomography (CT) scan images using the MIMICS software (Materialise, USA) was developed in this study. Grid independence test was performed through volume flow rate, pressure drop from nostrils and septum and average velocity near the nasal valve region using a four computational mesh model. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to examine the flow pattern and influence of airflow dynamics on vortices in the nasal cavity. Numerical simulations were conducted for the flow rates of 7.5, 10, 15 and 20 L/min using numerical finite volume methods.

Findings
At coronal cross-sections, dissimilar nasal airflow patterns were observed for 7.5, 10, 15 and 20 L/min rate of fluid flow in the human nasal cavity. Vortices that are found at the boundaries with minimum velocity creates deceleration zone in the nose vestibule region, which is accompanied by flow segregation. Maximum vortices were observed in the nasal valve region and the posterior end of the turbinate region, which involves mixing and recirculation and is responsible for enhancing the smelling process.

Practical implications
The proposed analysis is applicable to design the sensor chamber for electronic noses.

Originality/value
In this paper, the influence of airflow dynamics on vortices in the human nasal cavity is discussed through numerical simulations.
Graduates’ satisfaction with the Chilean basic education teacher training degree program
Authors: Espinoza Oscar , González Luis , Sandoval Luis , McGinn Noel , Loyola Javier , Castillo Dante 
Published: August 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to improve future teacher training by assessment of university graduates’ satisfaction with their preparation in Basic Education teaching.Design/methodology/approachThis descriptive study employed a self-administered survey questionnaire to a representative sample of 235 graduates between 2014 and 2016 from three universities in Chile. The questionnaire generated information about the graduates’ background (age, gender, parents’ education and prestige of secondary school attended); an evaluation of three dimensions of their degree program (instructional quality, infrastructure and employability), and experiences in the labor market (including salary). Analysis of variance was used to assess relationships between satisfaction, and other variables.FindingsIn general, graduates were satisfied with all aspects of their training. Satisfaction levels were higher from those assumed to have lower expectations. Contrary to this hypothesis, university prestige is not directly related to satisfaction. Instead, expectations and employability moderate the effect of prestige.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample is not representative of the 59 universities in Chile nor of the many other degree programs offered in those universities.Practical implicationsProgram directors concerned about improving the public reputation or prestige of their program will benefit from efforts to improve the quality of the program and its infrastructure, and relevance for entrance into the world of work.Originality/valueThis study provides information not previously available about graduate satisfaction in teaching degree programs in Chile.
Emergency preparedness in the hospitality industry in Sri Lanka
Authors: Chandrasekera Tilanka , Hebert Paulette 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the emergency preparedness of the hospitality industry in Sri Lanka, focusing on hotels and restaurants in the southern coastal belt.

Design/methodology/approach
A questionnaire on emergency preparedness was provided to 30 randomly recruited participants from the industry. The survey consisted of 30 open and closed-ended questions, focusing on basic demographic information, information about emergency preparedness of the facility, food safety and issues regarding power management.

Findings
The findings of this study provide insight on the emergency preparedness of the hospitality industry in Sri Lanka.

Research limitations/implications
In its current iteration, the sample size was a major limitation. The study was conducted by using an online questionnaire, and that affected the number of responses received.

Social implications
The results provide insight into how improvements can be made in future developments of similar nature especially in terms of emergency mitigation efforts. These findings also provide suggestions on areas that need to be improved through educating the industry.

Originality/value
This study is a part of a larger project where the research team is investigating emergency preparedness in the hospitality industry in different regions of the world.
Ant-based delay-bounded and power-efficient data aggregation in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Benaouda Nadjib , Lahlouhi Ammar 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a novel delay-bounded and power-efficient routing for in-network data aggregation, called DPIDA, which aims to ensure a compromise between the energy consumed during the collection of data sensed by a set of source sensor nodes and their timely delivery to the sink node.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on the ant-colony-optimization metaheuristic, the proposal establishes a routing structure that maximizes the number of overlapping routes and minimizes the total transmission power while ensuring delay-bounded paths and a symmetric transmission power assignment to reliably deliver the sensed data.

Findings
The proposal was extensively compared to two other known protocols regarding different keys factors. Simulation results, including topology snapshots, show the ability of DPIDA to ensure the energy–latency tradeoff. They also show the superiority of DPIDA compared to the two considered protocols.

Originality/value
This paper presents a novel ant-based protocol that uses in-network data aggregation and transmission power-adjustment techniques to conserve the energy of nodes while ensuring delay-bounded paths and a reliable deliverance of data which is ensured by providing a symmetric transmission power assignment.
How organizational culture influences performance measurement systems in SMEs
Authors: Jardioui Meriam , Garengo Patrizia , El Alami Semma 
Published: August 2019

PurposeLiterature highlights the impact of culture on managerial processes in general and the performance measurement system (PMS) in particular. However, understanding how organizational culture (OC) influences the PMS remains a challenge, especially in SMEs as in these companies the studies are very limited. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how OC influences PMSs in manufacturing SMEs.Design/methodology/approachTo achieve the above purpose, a case study approach has been adopted. Four manufacturing SMEs with heterogeneous OC were investigated by means of companies’ documents reviews, participant observations and semi-structured interviews. A conceptual framework based on the competing value framework proposed by Cameron and Quinn (1999) and the PMS typology proposed by Garengo (2009) has been used to investigate the impact of OC on PMS.FindingsAccording to the results, OC has a huge impact on PMS in manufacturing SMEs. The dimensions of “internal/external focus” influence strategy formalization, monitoring of the external environment and performance review. The “flexibility/control” dimensions influence the adoption of the balanced (or unbalanced) set of performance measures a company uses.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to clarifying how OC influences PMSs in manufacturing SMEs. Moreover, the study of interplay between flexibility/control dimensions and internal/external dimensions supports the identification of three theoretical propositions and four PMS types related to the four different OCs identified by Cameron and Quinn (1999).