bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ ingestion of Microcystis is negatively related to copepod abundance in the upper San Francisco Estuary
Authors: Ger Kemal Ali , Otten Timothy G. , DuMais Rita , Ignoffo Toni , Kimmerer Wim 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAlthough zooplankton grazing on cyanobacteria is a key process regulating the structure and function of bloom‐dominated waters, few studies have measured in situ ingestion and none have linked it to zooplankton abundance. This study measured in situ zooplankton grazing rate on Microcystis via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) amplification of prey DNA from the guts of the copepod Pseudodiaptomus forbesi, an abundant and important prey species for endangered fish in the upper San Francisco Estuary (SFE). We calibrated the qPCR assay in laboratory grazing experiments with Eurytemora affinis, a similar sized copepod abundant in the SFE during winter, due to higher ingestion of Microcystis by this copepod compared to Pseudodiaptomus forbesi. In the field, Pseudodiaptomus forbesi ingested Microcystis during blooms, including strains capable of producing microcystin toxins. Although the Microcystis content in Pseudodiaptomus forbesi guts increased with bloom intensity, estimated ingestion rates were low and suggested copepods avoided this cyanobacterium. Moreover, Pseudodiaptomus forbesi abundance was inversely related to its gut Microcystis content, but not related to other factors including temperature, salinity, turbidity, and gut fluorescence of chlorophyll a. Results demonstrate that the gut Microcystis content of zooplankton may be a key factor explaining their abundance in nature. Our results also highlight the utility of molecular methods for understanding in situ trophic interactions in bloom‐dominated waters. Increased blooms under future climate scenarios (e.g., extreme drought and higher temperatures) may decrease the abundance of key zooplankton like Pseudodiaptomus forbesi through increased ingestion of Microcystis, with potentially negative effects on endangered fishes in the SFE.
Geographic and temporal variations in turbulent heat loss from lakes: A global analysis across 45 lakes
Authors: Woolway R. Iestyn , Verburg Piet , Lenters John D. , Merchant Christopher J. , Hamilton David P. , Brookes Justin , de Eyto Elvira , Kelly Sean , Healey Nathan C. , Hook Simon , Laas Alo , Pierson Don , Rusak James A. , Kuha Jonna , Karjalainen Juha , Kallio Kari , Lepistö Ahti , Jones Ian D. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHeat fluxes at the lake surface play an integral part in determining the energy budget and thermal structure in lakes, including regulating how lakes respond to climate change. We explore patterns in turbulent heat fluxes, which vary across temporal and spatial scales, using in situ high‐frequency monitoring data from 45 globally distributed lakes. Our analysis demonstrates that some of the lakes studied follow a marked seasonal cycle in their turbulent surface fluxes and that turbulent heat loss is highest in larger lakes and those situated at low latitude. The Bowen ratio, which is the ratio of mean sensible to mean latent heat fluxes, is smaller at low latitudes and, in turn, the relative contribution of evaporative to total turbulent heat loss increases toward the tropics. Latent heat transfer ranged from ~ 60% to > 90% of total turbulent heat loss in the examined lakes. The Bowen ratio ranged from 0.04 to 0.69 and correlated significantly with latitude. The relative contributions to total turbulent heat loss therefore differ among lakes, and these contributions are influenced greatly by lake location. Our findings have implications for understanding the role of lakes in the climate system, effects on the lake water balance, and temperature‐dependent processes in lakes.
Desiderata for sharable computable biomedical knowledge for learning health systems
Authors: Lehmann Harold P. , Downs Stephen M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this commentary, we work out the specific desired functions required for sharing knowledge objects (based on statistical models) presumably to be used for clinical decision support derived from a learning health system, and, in so doing, discuss the implications for novel knowledge architectures. We will demonstrate how decision models, implemented as influence diagrams, satisfy the desiderata. The desiderata include locally validate discrimination, locally validate calibration, locally recalculate thresholds by incorporating local preferences, provide explanation, enable monitoring, enable debiasing, account for generalizability, account for semantic uncertainty, shall be findable, and others as necessary and proper. We demonstrate how formal decision models, especially when implemented as influence diagrams based on Bayesian networks, support both the knowledge artifact itself (the “primary decision”) and the “meta‐decision” of whether to deploy the knowledge artifact. We close with a research and development agenda to put this framework into place.
A contribution to the thermal effects of DLC coatings on fluid friction in EHL contacts
Authors: Bobzin K. , Brögelmann T. , Kalscheuer C. , Thiex M. , Ebner M. , Lohner T. , Stahl K. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDiamond‐like carbon (DLC) coatings are commonly used to reduce boundary and mixed friction in tribological contacts. Recent works at the FZG efficiency gear test rig show that the application of the DLC coating ZrCg (a‐C:H:Zr) on gear flanks reduces the mean coefficient of friction in fluid film lubrication regime by up to 39% compared with uncoated gear flanks. A common explanation is the lower heat dissipation of DLC coatings resulting in higher EHL contact temperatures, hence in lower effective lubricant viscosity in the EHL contact. To gain a deeper understanding, discrete ZrxC1−x coatings were deposited on AISI 5115 using physical vapour deposition technology and thermophysical properties were directly measured. The tribological behavior of the coatings was investigated at the FZG twin‐disc test rig by using mineral gear oil. The results clearly prove the strong influence of the thermophysical properties of the DLC coatings on fluid friction in highly loaded EHL contacts.
Analysis of couple‐stress effects in gas foil bearings using the V. K. Stokes micro‐continuum theory
Authors: Laouadi Bouzid , Lahmar Mustapha , Bou‐Saïd Benyebka , Mouassa Ahcene , Boucherit Hamid 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper presents an original theoretical investigation of the steady‐state and dynamic characteristics of foil journal bearings lubricated with contaminated air taking into account couple stresses because of the presence of pollutant substances. The substance can be solid particles (eg dust, ash, pollen, and smoke). In aerodynamic lubrication theory, a fluid with couple stresses so‐called couple stress or polar fluid may be considered as one characterised by the 2 physical constants μ and η, which are the absolute viscosity assumed to be independent of the particle volume fraction and the new material constant responsible for couple stress or polar property. The effects of couple stresses on the oil‐lubricated sliding bearings are usually studied by defining the parameter
or its normalised form
. The couple‐stress parameter l, which has the dimension of length, can be thought of as a fluid property depending on the size of the particle contained in the base fluid (solvent).To determine the aerodynamic pressure and the power loss, the governing modified Reynolds' equation and the viscous dissipation term appearing on the right‐hand side of the modified energy equation are derived by using the Vijay Kumar Stokes micro‐continuum theory.The system of partial differential equations resulting from analytical perturbation of the transient modified Reynolds' equation is solved for the steady‐state and dynamic pressures by means of the finite difference method considering both the static and dynamic deformations of the bump foil. Using the complex variable technique, the analytical perturbation process leads to 2 first‐order uncoupled partial differential equations instead of 4 coupled equations as it is usually found in the technical literature.On the other hand, the 2 Cartesian coordinates of the equilibrium position for a given applied static load are iteratively determined by solving the nonlinear equilibrium equations of the journal bearing system with the improved Newton‐Raphson method.According to the obtained results, the effects of couple stresses on the steady‐state and dynamic behaviour of foil self‐acting gas bearings are significant and cannot be overlooked. The results also show that the dynamic deformation of the bump foil should be included in calculating the dynamic performance characteristics of foil journal bearings.
Polymeric Encapsulation of Turmeric Extract for Bioimaging and Antimicrobial Applications
Authors: Liu Minghuan , Teng Choon Peng , Win Khin Yin , Chen Yisong , Zhang Xiaoyan , Yang Da‐Peng , Li Zibiao , Ye Enyi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAs a herb of the ginger family, the turmeric plant has been used as spice and colorant in the Oriental countries. The rhizome part of the plant is rich in curcumin, which has been proven to be the main ingredient responsible for turmeric's biological effects. Most research endeavors have been upon the investigation of pharmaceutical activities of curcumin, yet the fluorescence of curcumin is a bit far from well‐studied. The major drawbacks associated with curcumin are its poor aqueous solubility and low stability. In this communication, the encapsulation of fluorescent turmeric extract into polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) for bioimaging and antibacterial applications is reported. Through poly(d,l‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) encapsulation, solubility of curcumin is greatly increased, and the biodegradable nature of PLGA further enhances the biocompatibility of curcumin. These Cur‐PLGA NPs are successfully demonstrated to be efficient fluorescence probes for bioimaging, and promising for antibacterial application.
Exploring Causal Factors of Spawning Stock Mortality in a Riverine Striped Bass Population
Authors: Rachels Kyle T. , Ricks Benjamin R. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The recovery of the Atlantic Striped Bass Morone saxatilis stock in the 1990s is an important example of effective natural resources management. Implementation of Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission (ASMFC) harvest regulations reduced mortality, protected older and more fecund females, and contributed to the formation of dominant year-classes in the 1980s and 1990s. However, Striped Bass stocks south of Albemarle Sound, North Carolina, are not subject to ASMFC management plans, and many populations have failed to attain recovery goals. Catch-curve analyses indicate that the Neuse River Striped Bass population continues to experience spawning stock exploitation rates similar to those implicated in the decline of the Atlantic Migratory and Albemarle Sound/Roanoke River stocks in the 1970s. From 1994 to 2015, Striped Bass instantaneous fishing mortality (F) in the Neuse River ranged from 0.12 to 0.84 and exceeded the overfishing threshold (FThreshold = 0.41) in 12 of 22 years. A global linear model using environmental and exploitation factors accounted for 55% of the variability in spawning stock discrete annual mortality. An information-theoretic approach was used to elucidate the best linear model for predicting discrete annual mortality. The best model included previous-year gill-net effort and same-year commercial harvest (Akaike weight = 0.64, R2 = 0.50). Model-averaged coefficients for gill-net effort and commercial harvest suggested total exploitation impacts that were congruent with other studies of Neuse River Striped Bass. Results indicate that reducing exploitation to target levels will require substantial reductions in gill-net effort in areas of the Neuse River where Striped Bass occur. Reducing exploitation may increase spawning stock biomass and advance the age structure of spawning females, conferring an increased likelihood of successful recruitment and production of dominant year-classes during periods of favorable environmental conditions.
Steelhead Overshoot and Fallback Rates in the Columbia–Snake River Basin and the Influence of Hatchery and Hydrosystem Operations
Authors: Richins Shelby M. , Skalski John R. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Tributary overshoot occurs when adult salmonids homing to natal sites continue upstream past the mouth of their natal stream. Although overshooting is a common behavior by steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss in the Columbia River basin, it has not been adequately quantified or explained. Using multistate release–recapture models, we examined the prevalence of overshooting and fallback to natal tributaries by 37,806 PIT-tagged steelhead from 14 tributaries of the Columbia River basin during 2005–2015. Eight populations had overshooting rates exceeding 50% in at least 1 year. Source of hatchery stock, rearing location, and release practices were found to have appreciable effects on overshoot rates. Overshooting was elevated in hatchery stocks reared upstream of release sites, but this effect may be lessened by utilizing endemic broodstocks and acclimating juveniles within the release basin. For one population of hatchery steelhead, acclimation within the release basin was found to decrease overshooting from 81% to 40%. Across both hatchery and wild populations, successful homing was found to decline 4 percentage points for every 5-percentage-point increase in overshoot rate. Average annual fallback probabilities ranged from 0.18 for Walla Walla River hatchery steelhead to 0.75 for Umatilla River wild steelhead. Fish stocks with the greatest fallback probabilities also had the greatest interannual variability in fallback rates. For John Day River wild steelhead and Tucannon River hatchery steelhead, the interannual range in fallback probabilities exceeded 0.50. We found evidence that spill at dams during March may enhance the fallback of overshooting steelhead and contribute to increased homing to natal tributaries. Therefore, additional attention should be paid to facilitating downstream dam passage of adult salmon.
Validation and Adaptation of the Spanish Version of the STRONGkids Nutrition Screening Tool
Authors: Ortíz‐Gutiérrez Salvador , Pérez‐Cruz Elizabeth , Lara‐Pompa Nara Elizabeth , Serralde‐Zúñiga Aurora E. , Fewtrell Mary , Peralta‐Pedrero María Luisa , Medina‐Vera Isabel , Christlieb‐Zaldívar Claudia María , Damasco‐Avila Erika , Guevara‐Cruz Martha 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe use of malnutrition screening tools (MSTs) among hospitalized pediatric patients is a simple practice that may allow the identification of patients at nutrition risk. There are different tools developed in the English language, but there are limited data available on their validity when translated into other languages. The aim of this study was to construct a Spanish version (SV) of the STRONGkids MST and determine its validity and reliability in a pediatric population.MethodsThe translation and cross‐cultural adaptation of the tool was performed, followed by the reliability, feasibility, and validity of the SV of the STRONGkids MST. Anthropometric assessment was used as the reference standard to evaluate the criterion validity of the MST. The length of hospital stay was used to determine predictive validity.ResultsA total 400 children were included in the study, 90 of whom took part in the reliability phase. The interrater agreement between dietitians and nursing staff was kappa (κ) = 0.67, while the intrarater agreement among dietitians was κ = 0.82. The feasibility of the MST was adequate for clinical use. The results for criterion validity between STRONGkids and anthropometric assessment was κ = 0.56, and the criterion validity between STRONGkids and length of hospital stay was κ = 0.20. The sensitivity of the MST was 86% and the specificity was 72%.ConclusionsThe SV of the MST showed good reliability and feasibility. The validity is moderate, and the MST could be considered a useful resource for early detection of malnutrition risk.
The Effect of R&D Investment on Graduate Student Productivity: Evidence From the Life Sciences
Authors: Graddy‐Reed Alexandra , Lanahan Lauren , Ross Nicole M. V. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis study examines the role of graduate training and R&D investments on research productivity by focusing on the effect of federal funding for early‐career graduate students. We employ a difference‐in‐differences research design drawing upon a sample of high‐quality life science graduate students who either are award recipients or honorable mentions of the prestigious U.S. National Science Foundation's Graduate Research Fellowship Program. We find that a $91,000 grant over three years has a limited, yet positive impact on the awardee's productivity. These effects are driven by the sample of graduate students without publications prior to applying for the fellowship.
Clinical features of children, adolescents, and adults with coexisting hypermobility syndromes and von Willebrand disease
Authors: Hall Sarah A. , Meier Emily Riehm , Gupta Sweta , Nakar Charles , Rampersad Angeli , Bakeer Nihal , Hardesty Brandon , Kumar Manjusha 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe present five patients with coexistent von Willebrand disease (VWD) and Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome and 21 with VWD and joint hypermobility. Females outnumbered males ten to three, Beighton scores were documented in 58% (15 of 26 patients), and several patients experienced moderately severe bleeding. We believe coexistent hypermobility disorder with VWD potentially affects bleeding severity and want to raise awareness among hematologists. Evaluation by geneticists is recommended because of the varying complexities observed across the disease spectrum, and the availability of new genetic tests should lead to more accurate diagnoses for the various hypermobility disorders.
Impact of the Interdisciplinary Tumor Board of the Cooperative Ewing Sarcoma Study Group on local therapy and overall survival of Ewing sarcoma patients after induction therapy
Authors: Kreyer Justus , Ranft Andreas , Timmermann Beate , Juergens Heribert , Jung Susanne , Wiebe Karsten , Boelling Tobias , Schuck Andreas , Vieth Volker , Streitbuerger Arne , Hardes Jendrik , Heinemann Melina , Dirksen Uta 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe Interdisciplinary Tumor Board (ITB) of the Cooperative Ewing Sarcoma Study (CESS) Group was investigated to assess its impact on the overall survival (OAS) of Ewing sarcoma (EwS) patients. The ITB functions as a reference center for the international institutions participating in the clinical trials of the CESS group, but is also available internationally to patients who have not been treated within an appropriate clinical trial. The value of tumor boards in terms of benefit for the patients and the health care system in general is not well documented and is also the subject of controversial discussions. A review of the representative literature is included.MethodsData were analyzed from 481 patients who had been registered into the European Ewing Tumor Working Initiative of National Groups (EURO E.W.I.N.G.‐99) clinical trial via the CESS data center between 2006 and 2009; this included 331 patients with localized disease and another 150 individuals with metastases at diagnosis. Median follow‐up time was 3.2 years.ResultsImproved OAS was observed for patients with metastases who had received recommendations from the ITB compared with those who had not received recommendations. In patients with localized disease, a recommendation from the ITB had no influence on OAS.ConclusionAs a reference center for a rare disease, recommendations from our ITB impacted local therapy and led to higher OAS in patients with metastatic disease. To our knowledge, this is the first analysis that examines the value of a reference tumor board on a rare disease.
Noncommutative Gauge Theory and Gravity in Three Dimensions
Authors: Chatzistavrakidis Athanasios , Jonke Larisa , Jurman Danijel , Manolakos George , Manousselis Pantelis , Zoupanos George 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe Einstein‐Hilbert action in three dimensions and the transformation rules for the dreibein and spin connection can be naturally described in terms of gauge theory. In this spirit, we use covariant coordinates in noncommutative gauge theory in order to describe 3D gravity in the framework of noncommutative geometry. We consider 3D noncommutative spaces based on SU(2) and SU(1,1), as foliations of fuzzy 2‐spheres and fuzzy 2‐hyperboloids respectively. Then we construct a U(2) × U(2) and a GL(2,) gauge theory on them, identifying the corresponding noncommutative vielbein and spin connection. We determine the transformations of the fields and an action in terms of a matrix model and discuss its relation to 3D gravity.
Carfentrazone‐ethyl and glyphosate drift inhibits uredinial formation of Austropuccinia psidii on Eucalyptus grandis leaves
Authors: Santos Samuel Alves dos , Tuffi‐Santos Leonardo David , Tanaka Francisco André Ossamu , Sant'Anna‐Santos Bruno Francisco , Rodrigues Fabrício de Ávila , Alfenas Acelino Couto 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe response to infection of Austropuccinia psidii in resistant (CLR‐383) and susceptible (CLR‐384) Eucalyptus grandis clones, exposed to herbicide drift of carfentrazone‐ethyl, glyphosate and a mixture of these two herbicides, was evaluated at microscopic and physiological levels.RESULTSPlants of the two clones showed symptoms of phytotoxicity caused by herbicide drift. However, net CO2 assimilation rate, height and shoot dry matter were lower in CLR‐384 than in CLR‐383. At the ultrastructure level, the leaves of both clones exposed to the herbicides showed thylakoid disorganization and accumulation of starch grains in the chloroplasts. Only plants of CLR‐384 were infected by A. psidii, but when exposed to herbicide drift, rust severity was lower than in control plants. Six days after inoculation (dai), plants of this clone exposed to the herbicides had smaller uredinia than control plants. At 12 dai, non‐herbicide treated plants showed normal uredinia, containing abundant urediniospores. By contrast, plants exposed to the herbicides were less colonized by the fungus, and the uredinia were smaller with reduced production of urediniospores, which were sometimes not even detected.CONCLUSIONGlyphosate and carfentrazone‐ethyl herbicide drift reduce infection and uredinial formation of A. psidii and to some extent induce basal resistance in a susceptible clone of E. grandis. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
The high reactive site and the unusually short Sc‐C bond of the scandium phosphinoalkylidene complex, an explanation from first‐principles calculation
Authors: Xu Jing , Cheng Xiyue , Deng Shuiquan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe recently synthesized first scandium phosphinoalkylidene complex has attracted extensive attentions for its high chemical activity around the unusually short Sc‐C bond. Here, we report our studies on this issue by using the first‐principles method. Our analyses establish a triple‐bond picture, d‐p (π, σ, σ), for the short Sc‐C bonding interactions. The calculated valence Bader charge shows that the specific C atom on the Sc‐C bond is highly charged, which makes the C atom on the Sc‐C bond an active nucleophilic site for the attack of Lewis acids. On the other hand, the Sc atom is shown to be an electrophilic site and thus vulnerable to the attack of Lewis bases due to the empty Sc‐3d yz/xz orbitals on the LUMO band. Our studies reveal the origin for the short Sc‐C bond and the high reactivity occurring around the Sc‐C bond. Our molecular calculations give consistent results with the solid calculations.