bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety of Bicyclopyrone on Several Vegetable Crops and Efficacy of Weed Control
Authors: Chen Yin , Hu Chengsong , Doohan Douglas 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWeed control in vegetable production is especially challenging, because few registered herbicides simultaneously offer excellent crop tolerance and broad-spectrum weed control. We report here the response of several vegetables and weeds to 37.5 and 50 g ai ha−1of the new herbicide bicyclopyrone (BCP). Vegetable crops showed good tolerance to BCP PRE and post-directed (POST-DIR) in high organic matter content muck soil. POST BCP severely injured all crops. Soil type and the rate of BCP PRE significantly affected response of vegetable crops, and variety of onion was significant. POST BCP controlled hairy galinsoga and small common purslane plants (>80% injury). Hairy galinsoga was not controlled by BCP PRE application in muck soil but was controlled in a 2:3 (vol/vol) blend of Wooster silt loam and a commercial potting mix. Common purslane was slightly injured in the muck soil and was well controlled in the soil and potting mix blend by PRE BCP. The herbicide did not control prostrate pigweed in either soil type or at any growth stage.
Enhanced Rates of Regional Warming and Ocean Acidification After Termination of Large‐Scale Ocean Alkalinization
Authors: González Miriam Ferrer , Ilyina Tatiana , Sonntag Sebastian , Schmidt Hauke 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTermination effects of large‐scale artificial ocean alkalinization (AOA) have received little attention because AOA was assumed to pose low environmental risk. With the Max Planck Institute Earth system model, we use emission‐driven AOA simulations following the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5). We find that after termination of AOA warming trends in regions of the Northern Hemisphere become ∼50% higher than those in RCP8.5 with rates similar to those caused by termination of solar geoengineering over the following three decades after cessation (up to 0.15 K/year). Rates of ocean acidification after termination of AOA outpace those in RCP8.5. In warm shallow regions where vulnerable coral reefs are located, decreasing trends in surface pH double (0.01 units/year) and the drop in the carbonate saturation state (Ω) becomes up to 1 order of magnitude larger (0.2 units/year). Thus, termination of AOA poses higher risks to biological systems sensitive to fast‐paced environmental changes than previously thought.
Ionospheric Disturbances Triggered by SpaceX Falcon Heavy
Authors: Chou Min‐Yang , Lin Charles C. H. , Shen Ming‐Hsueh , Yue Jia , Huba Joseph D. , Chen Chia‐Hung 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSpaceX launched its Falcon Heavy demonstration mission at 20:45 UT on 6 February 2018 at NASA Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Short‐period northward propagating traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) were observed following the shock waves in the ionospheric total electron content over East Florida‐Atlantic region. These TIDs have the periods of ~6–8 min, amplitude of ~0.05 total electron content unit, horizontal phase velocities of ~420–488 m/s, and horizontal wavelengths of ~164–240 km. They lasted for ~100 min and propagated a long distance of about 1,450 km, exhibiting a nearly coherent wave pattern and near‐constant phase velocity. The theoretical dispersion relation suggests that the short‐period TIDs were likely associated with the ducted gravity waves which became evanescent at altitudes around 170 km. Additional simulations were conducted in the Naval Research Laboratory SAMI3/ESF model using analytical expressions to approximate these gravity waves. Simulations reveal that modulations of the ionospheric electric fields through gravity wave wind dynamo perturbation can lead to weak ionospheric disturbances as observed.
Identification of genes associated with cortical malformation using a transposon-mediated somatic mutagenesis screen in mice
Authors: Lu I-Ling , Chen Chien , Tung Chien-Yi , Chen Hsin-Hung , Pan Jia-Ping , Chang Chia-Hsiang , Cheng Jia-Shing , Chen Yi-An , Wang Chun-Hung , Huang Chia-Wei , Kang Yi-Ning , Chang Hsin-Yun , Li Lei-Li , Chang Kai-Ping , Shih Yang-Hsin , Lin Chi-Hung , Kwan Shang-Yeong , Tsai Jin-Wu 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMutations in genes involved in the production, migration, or differentiation of cortical neurons often lead to malformations of cortical development (MCDs). However, many genetic mutations involved in MCD pathogenesis remain unidentified. Here we developed a genetic screening paradigm based on transposon-mediated somatic mutagenesis by in utero electroporation and the inability of mutant neuronal precursors to migrate to the cortex and identified 33 candidate MCD genes. Consistent with the screen, several genes have already been implicated in neural development and disorders. Functional disruption of the candidate genes by RNAi or CRISPR/Cas9 causes altered neuronal distributions that resemble human cortical dysplasia. To verify potential clinical relevance of these candidate genes, we analyzed somatic mutations in brain tissue from patients with focal cortical dysplasia and found that mutations are enriched in these candidate genes. These results demonstrate that this approach is able to identify potential mouse genes involved in cortical development and MCD pathogenesis.
Using quantitative systems pharmacology to evaluate the drug efficacy of COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitors in therapeutic situations
Authors: Thiel Christoph , Smit Ines , Baier Vanessa , Cordes Henrik , Fabry Brigida , Blank Lars Mathias , Kuepfer Lars 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA quantitative analysis of dose–response relationships is essential in preclinical and clinical drug development in order to optimize drug efficacy and safety, respectively. However, there is a lack of quantitative understanding about the dynamics of pharmacological drug–target interactions in biological systems. In this study, a quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) approach is applied to quantify the drug efficacy of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibitors by coupling physiologically based pharmacokinetic models, at the whole-body level, with affected biological networks, at the cellular scale. Both COX-2 and 5-LOX are key enzymes in the production of inflammatory mediators and are known targets in the design of anti-inflammatory drugs. Drug efficacy is here evaluated for single and appropriate co-treatment of diclofenac, celecoxib, zileuton, and licofelone by quantitatively studying the reduction of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The impact of rifampicin pre-treatment on prostaglandin formation is also investigated by considering pharmacokinetic drug interactions with diclofenac and celecoxib, finally suggesting optimized dose levels to compensate for the reduced drug action. Furthermore, a strong correlation was found between pain relief observed in patients as well as celecoxib- and diclofenac-induced decrease in prostaglandins after 6 h. The findings presented reveal insights about drug-induced modulation of cellular networks in a whole-body context, thereby describing complex pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic behavior of COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitors in therapeutic situations. The results demonstrate the clinical benefit of using QSP to predict drug efficacy and, hence, encourage its use in future drug discovery and development programs.
Processing Homophones Interactively: Evidence from eye-movement data
Authors: Yip Michael C. W. , Zhai Mingjun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe question of how to process an ambiguous word in context has been long-studied in psycholinguistics and the present study examined this question further by investigating the spoken word recognition processes of Cantonese homophones (a common type of ambiguous word) in context. Sixty native Cantonese listeners were recruited to participate in an eye-tracking experiment. Listeners were instructed to listen carefully to a sentence ending with a Cantonese homophone and then look at different visual probes (either Chinese characters or line-drawing pictures) presented on the computer screen simultaneously. Two findings were observed. First, the results revealed that sentence context exerted an early effect on homophone processes. Second, visual probes that serve as phonological competitors only had a weak effect on the spoken word recognition processes. Consistent with previous studies, the patterns of eye-movement results appeared to support an interactive processing approach in homophone recognition.
Assessment of the effect of climate changes in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene on niche conservatism of an arvicolid specialist
Authors: Castellanos-Frías Elena , García Nuria , Virgós Emilio 
Published: June 2018

AbstractClimate change is not only evident, but its implications on biodiversity are already patent. The scientific community has delved into the limitations and capabilities of species to face changes in climatic conditions through experimental studies and, primarily, Species Distribution Models (SDMs). Nevertheless, the widespread use of SDMs comes with some intrinsic assumptions, such as niche conservatism, which are not always true. Alternatively, the fossil record can provide additional data to solve the uncertainties of species’ responses to climate change based on their history. Using a combined environmental (niche overlap indices) and geographical approach (temporal transferability of SDMs), we assessed the niche conservatism ofMicrotus cabreraethroughout its evolutionary history: the Late Pleistocene and the Holocene. The set of analyses performed within this timeframe provides a broad view pointing to a shift in the realized climatic niche of the species. Specifically,M. cabreraeexhibited a broader niche during glacial times than interglacial times, expanding towards novel conditions. Hence, the species might have developed an adaptive ability, as a consequence of mechanisms of local adaptation or natural pressures, or just be preadapted to cope with the novel environment, due to expansion into an unfilled portion of the niche. Nevertheless, the more restricted realized niche during last interglacial times reveals that the species could be close to its physiological limits.
CRIRES high-resolution infrared spectroscopy of the long-period Cepheid l Carinae
Authors: Nardetto N. , Poretti E. , Gallenne A. , Rainer M. , Anderson R. I. , Fouqué P. , Gieren W. , Graczyk D. , Kervella P. , Mathias P. , Mérand A. , Mourard D. , Neilson H. , Pietrzynski G. , Pilecki B. , Storm J. , Borgniet S. , Chiavassa A. , Hocdé V. , Trahin B. 
Published: June 2018

Context. The dynamical structure of the atmosphere of Cepheids has been well studied in the optical. Several authors have found very interesting spectral features in theJband, but little data have been secured beyond 1.6μm. However, such observations can probe different radial velocities and line asymmetry regimes, and are able to provide crucial insights into stellar physics.Aims. Our goal was to investigate the infrared line-forming region in theK-band domain, and its impact on the projection factor and thek-term of Cepheids.Methods. We secured CRIRES observations for the long-period Cepheid l Car, with a focus on the unblended spectral line NaI 2208.969 nm. We measured the corresponding radial velocities (by using the first moment method) and the line asymmetries (by using the bi-Gaussian method). These quantities are compared to the HARPS visible spectra we previously obtained on l Car.Results. The optical and infrared radial velocity curves show the same amplitude (only about 3% of difference), with a slight radial velocity shift of about 0.5 ± 0.3 km s−1between the two curves. Around the minimum radius (phase ≃ 0.9) the visible radial velocity curve is found in advance compared to the infrared one (phase lag), which is consistent with an infrared line forming higher in the atmosphere (compared to the visible line) and with a compression wave moving from the bottom to the top of the atmosphere during maximum outward velocity. The asymmetry of theK-band line is also found to be significantly different from that of the optical line.
Potentielle Erfolgsindikatoren für die Durchführung von Projekten zur Arzt-Apotheker-Zusammenarbeit – eine systematische Übersicht
Authors: Weißenborn Marina , Schulz Martin , Kraft Manuel , Haefeli Walter E. , Seidling Hanna M. 
Published: June 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Die Zusammenarbeit von Ärzten und Apothekern ist essentiell, um eine effektive und sichere Patientenbetreuung zu gewährleisten. Insbesondere im ambulanten Sektor ist die Zusammenarbeit jedoch nicht standardisiert und unterschiedlich intensiv. In dieser Arbeit sollen daher Projekte zur interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit aus dem ambulanten Versorgungssektor in Deutschland vorgestellt und vielversprechende Ansätze aufgezeigt werden, die bei der Durchführung zukünftiger Projekte Beachtung finden sollten.
Methode Im Rahmen einer systematischen Literaturrecherche wurden unter Berücksichtigung der PRISMA-Guideline Projekte identifiziert, deren zentraler Bestandteil die Arzt-Apotheker-Zusammenarbeit ist.
Ergebnisse Die Literatursuche ergab 542 passende Artikel. Insgesamt wurden 6 potentielle Erfolgsindikatoren zur Durchführung von Projekten zur Arzt-Apotheker-Zusammenarbeit identifiziert: Persönliches Kennenlernen (I), das Einbeziehen beider Heilberufler in die Projektplanung (II), die Etablierung gemeinsamer (Informations-) Veranstaltungen (III), die Sicherstellung der (technischen) Machbarkeit (IV) durch Incentivierung (V) sowie die Einbindung in bestehende Versorgungsstrukturen (VI).
Schlussfolgerung Insgesamt wurden nur wenige Studien wissenschaftlich publiziert. Die Zusammenarbeit selbst wird meist nicht standardisiert, lückenhaft oder nur einseitig erfasst und kann daher nicht umfassend bewertet werden. Erfolgreiche Arzt-Apotheker-Kooperationen zeichneten sich häufig durch langjährige, persönliche Kontakte aus. Interdisziplinäre Lehrveranstaltungen während der universitären Ausbildung könnten daher bereits früh Sympathie und gegenseitiges Verständnis fördern. Um eine kontinuierliche Evaluation der Zusammenarbeit und eine Vergleichbarkeit verschiedener Projekte zu gewährleisten, ist der Einsatz standardisierter Messwerkzeuge in zukünftigen Studien unbedingt erforderlich.
Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Diverticular Disease
Authors: Nalamati Surya , Munie Semeret 
Published: June 2018

AbstractColonic diverticular disease is a common health care issue which has historically been attributed to western countries and older age population. Recent studies have shown a rise in incidence among developing countries that have adopted western diets as well as rise in prevalence among younger patients. In this article, the authors discuss the incidence, epidemiology, and pathophysiology of colonic diverticular disease.
Investigations on Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) Induced Platelet Adhesiveness in Vitro
Authors: Hellem A. J , Ödegaard A. E , Skålhegg B. A 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe ADP-induced platelet adhesiveness has been investigated under experimental various conditions by the in vitro method of Hellem. The platelet, adhesiveness was found to be proportional to the logarithm of the ADP concentrations between 0.025—0.2 μg/ml in citrated and heparinized plasma. The effect of ADP on platelets decreased with increasing concentrations of citrate. In contrast, increasing amounts of heparin did not alter the platelet adhesiveness significantly, except when extremely high concentrations were used. Variations in the temperature highly influenced the result of the estimations when suboptimal concentrations of ADP were used. The reason for this probably inactivation of ADP by plasma enzymes, which have an optimal activity at about 37° C. This may explain why estimation at 20° C gives higher values of the platelet adhesiveness than at 37° C. If too high concentrations of ADP are used, this effect is not detectable. This may be the reason why O’Brien (1962) did not find any inactivating property of platelet poor plasma. Washing of platelets in buffered saline leads to a marked release of ADP, indicating that washed platelets are damaged. Repeated resuspension of platelets even in their own plasma gives release of ADP. When studying the mechanism of the ADP-induced reaction all the above variations must be taken into account.
Usefulness of and a Simple Method for Serial Successive Fibrinogen Determinations in Human Pathology
Authors: Vermylen C , De Vreker R. A , Verstraete M 
Published: June 2018

SummarySerial, successive determinations of the fibrinogen content are valuable tools in the management of hypofibrinogenemia syndromes. A detailed description is given of the FPT-test, which has been demonstrated to be a simple and accurate method for serial quantitation of the normally-reactive fibrinogen.
Studies on the Coumarin Anticoagulant Drugs : A Comparison of the Pharmacodynamics of Dicumarol and Warfarin in Man
Authors: O’Reilly Robert A. , Aggeler Paul M. , Leong Lois S. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe pharmacodynamic and prothrombinopénie effects of the coumarin anticoagulant drugs warfarin and dicumarol were compared in man by means of specific chemical assays for the drugs and the Quick prothrombin time for the response. The absorption of warfarin was rapid and complete, and the prothrombinopénie response was similar after administration by any route. Absorption of dicumarol as a solution or powder was rapid while as whole tablets it was often slow. Dicumarol in solution taken orally produced higher maximum concentrations of drug in plasma, more rapid absorption rates, less unchanged drug in stool and an earlier and greater prothrombin complex response than the tablets. Only a slight effect was produced by varying the formulation of warfarin. In all subjects 15 to 30% of the oral dose of dicumarol was recovered as unchanged drug in the stool. Unchanged warfarin was not recovered from the stool in any experiment.The apparent volume of distribution (Vd) for warfarin and high doses of dicumarol was about 12.5% of body weight, approximately the size of the albumin space. The long half-time of disappearance (t½) of both drugs, their prolonged duration of action, small volume of distribution, and lack of excretion of unchanged drug in the urine are probably related to their high degree of binding to plasma proteins. The t½ and Vd for warfarin are independent of dose size; the unusual dependency of these parameters on dose size with dicumarol suggests tissue uptake, perhaps by the reticuloendothelial system.A good correlation was found between the t½ of warfarin and dicumarol and the magnitude and duration of response. Up to a certain point increasing the dose of these drugs hastened the occurrence of hypoprothrombinemia ; beyond a dose size characteristic for each individual no further hastening could be obtained.A substance extracted from the stool of subjects receiving dicumarol intravenously and orally is probably a metabolite of the drug.
Evidence for Steroid Control of the Metabolism of Profibrinolysin
Authors: Pilgeram L. O , Amundson B. A , Lofgren P. E 
Published: June 2018

SummaryDaily therapy with 5 mg of norethynodrel and 0.075 mg of ethynylestra- diol-3-methyl ether (Enovid) is associated with a 34.7% (P < 0.001) increase in the activity of human serum profibrinolysin (plasminogen).
Fibrinolysis in Obstetrical Coagulopathy
Authors: Zilliacus H 
Published: June 2018

SummaryIn the introduction it is stressed that in cases with normal blood coagulation and even in cases with a limited decrease of some of the coagulation factors, the contraction of the uterus after the passage of the placenta closes the vessel endings, thereby providing the conditions necessary for haemostasis through the clotting of the blood. In contrast to this, fibrinolytic uterine bleeding is a condition in which the clotting factor and clot are consumed despite adequate postpartum contraction of the uterus.The literature on obstetrical coagulopathies is briefly summarized.The incongruence in the clotting power of blood samples drawn simultaneously from a cubital vein and from the uterus in cases of severe uterine haemorrhage is pointed out.With the aid of a plasma-dilution technique (Schneider) for the estimation of fibrinogen and fibrinolysis it was shown that in 6 out of 8 investigated cases of premature separation of the placenta, in 4 out of 5 observed cases of longstanding intrauterine foetal death and in 2 cases of pitocin drip induced labor considerable fibrinolytic activity was present in the blood from the uterus, whereas only slight activity if any, could be observed in blood samples drawn simultaneously from a cubital vein. These observations are found to be in conformity with the finding of considerable amounts of fibrinolytic activators in myométrial, placental and decidual tissue reported by other authors.Figures for obstetrical cases (19,808 deliveries) and uterine haemorrhage during the 5-year period 1955—1959 at the 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland, are presented. The main principles of obstetrical management at this hospital are outlined, with special reference to uterine coagulopathic haemorrhage.
Contribution à l’Etude du Phénomène Facteur X à propos de Cas Personnels
Authors: Tsévrènis H , Priovolos J , Mandalaki T , Philis H , Symvoulidis A 
Published: June 2018

RésuméLes auteurs décrivent un trouble de la thromboplastinoformation observé dans deux cas d’hypoproconvertinémie congénitale et un cas de thrombopathie caractérisé par un retard net du temps d’incubation avec le sérum de ces malades. Plusieurs melanges avec des sérums Stuart, IX, Owren, excluent la possibilité de participation de ces facteurs. Ils précisent les caractères physico-chimiques de ce facteur thermolabile, et le situent électrophorétiquement entre celui du facteur VII et Stuart. Enfin, ils discutent son action sur la préphase de la formation de la thromboplastine. Ils concluent qu’il s’agit d’un même facteur, sinon identique, à celui décrit par Fisch, comme accélérateur de la préphase ou PPA.
Sur la présence de graisses neutres dans les thrombocytes humains normaux et pathologiques
Authors: Jean G , Racine L , Marx R , Gautier A 
Published: June 2018

RésuméLa microscopie électronique a montré, dans les thrombocytes humains, la présence de gouttelettes lipidiques. Dans les plaquettes normales, le pourcentage de coupes présentant cette caractéristique ultrastructurelle est très faible; cette observation concorde avec les résultats des analyses biochimiques et cytochimiques. Par contre, dans les thrombopathies (surtout congénitales), leur proportion est significativement augmentée. Nous pouvons donc considérer que la mise en évidence d’une stéatose thrombocytaire notable est un des critères valables du diagnostic d’un état pathologique des thrombocytes.L’aspect submicroscopique des gouttelettes lipidiques intrathrombocytaires permet de penser qu’elles sont constituées vraisemblablement de graisses neutres très riches en acides gras non saturés. Cette hypothèse est appuyée par des études cytochimiques récentes au microscope électronique des constituants lipidiques.Nos observations montrent que la genèse des gouttelettes lipidiques n’est vraisemblablement pas liée à une lipophanérose, ni à une phagocytose de chylomicrons. Par contre, la diminution du taux de glycogène dans les plaquettes présentant une stéatose, nous permet de supposer que les gouttelettes lipidiques peuvent être considérées comme l’indice d’un trouble du métabolisme plaquettaire.