bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An endpoint version of uniform Sobolev inequalities
Authors: Ren Tianyi , Xi Yakun , Zhang Cheng 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We prove an endpoint version of the uniform Sobolev inequalities in [C. E. Kenig, A. Ruiz and C. D. Sogge, Uniform Sobolev inequalities and unique continuation for second order constant coefficient differential operators,
Duke Math. J. 55 1987, 329–347].
It was known that strong type inequalities no longer hold at the endpoints; however, we show that restricted weak type inequalities hold there, which imply the earlier classical result by real interpolation. The key ingredient in our proof is a type of interpolation first introduced by Bourgain [J. Bourgain,
Esitmations de certaines functions maximales,
C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 310 1985, 499–502].
We also prove restricted weak type Stein–Tomas restriction inequalities on some parts of the boundary of a pentagon, which completely characterizes the range of exponents for which the inequalities hold.
Space-time L
2 estimates, regularity and almost global existence for elastic waves
Authors: Hidano Kunio , Zha Dongbing 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
In this paper, we first establish a kind of weighted space-time

L
2

{L^{2}}

estimate, which belongs to Keel–Smith–Sogge-type estimates, for perturbed linear elastic wave equations. This estimate refines the corresponding one established by the second author
[D. Zha, Space-time

L
2

L^{2}

estimates for elastic waves and applications,
J. Differential Equations 263 2017, 4, 1947–1965] and is proved by combining the methods in the former paper, the first author, Wang and Yokoyama’s paper [K. Hidano, C. Wang and K. Yokoyama,
On almost global existence and local well posedness for some 3-D quasi-linear wave equations,
Adv. Differential Equations 17 2012, 3–4, 267–306] and some new ingredients. Then, together with some weighted Sobolev inequalities, this estimate is used to show a refined version of almost global existence of classical solutions for nonlinear elastic waves with small initial data. Compared with former almost global existence results for nonlinear elastic waves due to John [F. John,
Almost global existence of elastic waves of finite amplitude arising from small initial disturbances,
Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 41 1988, 5, 615–666] and Klainerman and Sideris [S. Klainerman and T. C. Sideris,
On almost global existence for nonrelativistic wave equations in 3D,
Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 49 1996, 307–321], the main innovation of our result is that it considerably improves the amount of regularity
of initial data, i.e., the Sobolev regularity of initial data is assumed to be the smallest among all the admissible Sobolev spaces of integer order in the standard local existence theory. Finally, in the radially symmetric case,
we establish the almost global existence of a low regularity solution for every small
initial data in

H
3

×

H
2

{H^{3}\times H^{2}}

.
Microenvironment proteinases, proteinase-activated receptor regulation, cancer and inflammation
Authors: Eftekhari Rahil , de Lima Stacy G. , Liu Yu , Mihara Koichiro , Saifeddine Mahmoud , Noorbakhsh Farshid , Scarisbrick Isobel A. , Hollenberg Morley D. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe propose that in the microenvironment of inflammatory tissues, including tumours, extracellular proteinases can modulate cell signalling in part by regulating proteinase-activated receptors (PARs). We have been exploring this mechanism in a variety of inflammation and tumour-related settings that include tumour-derived cultured cells from prostate and bladder cancer, as well as immune inflammatory cells that are involved in the pathology of inflammatory diseases including multiple sclerosis. Our work showed that proteinase signalling via the PARs affects prostate and bladder cancer-derived tumour cell behaviour and can regulate calcium signalling in human T-cell and macrophage-related inflammatory cells as well as in murine splenocytes. Further, we found that the tumour-derived prostate cancer cells and immune-related cells (Jurkat, THP1, mouse splenocytes) can produce PAR-regulating proteinases (including kallikreins: kallikrein-related peptidases), that can control tissue function by both a paracrine and autocrine mechanism. We suggest that this PAR-driven signalling process involving secreted microenvironment proteinases can play a key role in cancer and inflammatory diseases including multiple sclerosis.
Specificity profiling of human trypsin-isoenzymes
Authors: Schilling Oliver , Biniossek Martin L. , Mayer Bettina , Elsässer Brigitta , Brandstetter Hans , Goettig Peter , Stenman Ulf-Håkan , Koistinen Hannu 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
In humans, three different trypsin-isoenzymes have been described. Of these, trypsin-3 appears to be functionally different from the others. In order to systematically study the specificity of the trypsin-isoenzymes, we utilized proteome-derived peptide libraries and quantitative proteomics. We found similar specificity profiles dominated by the well-characterized preference for cleavage after lysine and arginine. Especially, trypsin-1 slightly favored lysine over arginine in this position, while trypsin-3 did not discriminate between them. In the P1′ position, which is the residue C-terminal to the cleavage site, we noticed a subtle enrichment of alanine and glycine for all three trypsins and for trypsin-3 there were additional minor P1′ and P2′ preferences for threonine and aspartic acid, respectively. These findings were confirmed by FRET peptide substrates showing different susceptibility to cleavage by different trypsins. The preference of trypsin-3 for aspartic acid in P2′ is explained by salt bridge formation with the unique Arg193. This salt bridge enables and stabilizes a canonical oxyanion conformation by the amides of Ser195 and Arg193, thus manifesting a selective substrate-assisted catalysis. As trypsin-3 has been proposed to be a therapeutic target and marker for cancers, our results may aid the development of specific inhibitors for cancer therapy and diagnostic probes.
The function of sphingomyelinases in mycobacterial infections
Authors: Wu Yuqing , Gulbins Erich , Grassmé Heike 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is one of the deadliest and most important infectious diseases worldwide. The sphingomyelinase/ceramide system, which has been shown several times to be a crucial factor in the internalization, processing and killing of diverse pathogens, also modulates the pro-inflammatory response and the state of mycobacteria in macrophages. Both acid and neutral sphingomyelinases are important in this activity. However, studies of the role of sphingomyelinases in TB are still at an early stage.
The two cathepsin B-like proteases of Arabidopsis thaliana are closely related enzymes with discrete endopeptidase and carboxydipeptidase activities
Authors: Porodko Andreas , Cirnski Ana , Petrov Drazen , Raab Teresa , Paireder Melanie , Mayer Bettina , Maresch Daniel , Nika Lisa , Biniossek Martin L. , Gallois Patrick , Schilling Oliver , Oostenbrink Chris , Novinec Marko , Mach Lukas 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The genome of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana encodes three paralogues of the papain-like cysteine proteinase cathepsin B (AtCathB1, AtCathB2 and AtCathB3), whose individual functions are still largely unknown. Here we show that a mutated splice site causes severe truncations of the AtCathB1 polypeptide, rendering it catalytically incompetent. By contrast, AtCathB2 and AtCathB3 are effective proteases which display comparable hydrolytic properties and share most of their substrate specificities. Site-directed mutagenesis experiments demonstrated that a single amino acid substitution (Gly336→Glu) is sufficient to confer AtCathB2 with the capacity to tolerate arginine in its specificity-determining S2 subsite, which is otherwise a hallmark of AtCathB3-mediated cleavages. A degradomics approach utilizing proteome-derived peptide libraries revealed that both enzymes are capable of acting as endopeptidases and exopeptidases, releasing dipeptides from the C-termini of substrates. Mutation of the carboxydipeptidase determinant His207 also affected the activity of AtCathB2 towards non-exopeptidase substrates, highlighting mechanistic differences between plant and human cathepsin B. This was also noted in molecular modeling studies which indicate that the occluding loop defining the dual enzymatic character of cathepsin B does not obstruct the active-site cleft of AtCathB2 to the same extent as in its mammalian orthologues.
BNIP3 contributes to the glutamine-driven aggressive behavior of melanoma cells
Authors: Vara-Perez Monica , Maes Hannelore , Van Dingenen Sarah , Agostinis Patrizia 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Aerobic glycolysis (‘Warburg effect’) is used by cancer cells to fuel tumor growth. Interestingly, metastatic melanoma cells rely on glutaminolysis rather than aerobic glycolysis for their bioenergetic needs through the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Here, we compared the effects of glucose or glutamine on melanoma cell proliferation, migration and oxidative phosphorylation in vitro. We found that glutamine-driven melanoma cell’s aggressive traits positively correlated with increased expression of HIF1α and its pro-autophagic target BNIP3. BNIP3 silencing reduced glutamine-mediated effects on melanoma cell growth, migration and bioenergetics. Hence, BNIP3 is a vital component of the mitochondria quality control required for glutamine-driven melanoma aggressiveness.
Manganese Ore Decomposition and Carbon Reduction in Steelmaking
Authors: Wu Wei , Wang Peng , Lin Lu , Dai Shi-fan 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
To improve the direct alloying of manganese ore in steelmaking, the decomposition and carbon reduction of manganese ore was studied using a differential thermal analyzer and resistance furnace. The remaining material after manganese ore decomposition at 1,600 °C was a mixture of 43 % MnO, 40 % MnSiO3 and FeO, and 17 % MnSiO3. The remaining material after the carbon reduction of the manganese ore was a mixture of metal (30.8 % Mn7C3 and 16.1 % FeC3) and slag (2.5 % FeO, 5.1 % SiO2, and 18.8 % MnO). The high-temperature (1,200 ℃) decomposition and reduction of manganese ore produce manganese carbonate, manganese dioxide, and manganese salicylate sesquioxide. However, because it is not easy to decompose the manganese silicate in the manganese ore, the proportion of ore being reduced by carbon is small. Therefore, the increase of the manganese reduction of manganese silicate is critical to the direct alloying of manganese ore. Adding calcium oxide or magnesium oxide to the manganese ore improves the reduction of manganese ore, whereas adding slag from the initial stage or endpoint of the converter process has little effect on the manganese ore reduction.
Improvements in Spoken Query System to Access the Agricultural Commodity Prices and Weather Information in Kannada Language/Dialects
Authors: Yadava Thimmaraja G. , Jayanna H.S. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
In this paper, the improvements in the recently developed end to end spoken query system to access the agricultural commodity prices and weather information in Kannada language/dialects is demonstrated. The spoken query system consists of interactive voice response system (IVRS) call flow, automatic speech recognition (ASR) models and agricultural commodity prices, and weather information databases. The task specific speech data used in the earlier spoken query system had a high level of background and other types of noises as it is collected from the farmers of Karnataka state (a state in India that speaks the Kannada language) under uncontrolled environment. The different types of noises present in collected speech data had an adverse effect on the on-line and off-line recognition performances. To improve the recognition accuracy in spoken query system, a noise elimination algorithm is proposed in this work, which is a combination of spectral subtraction with voice activity detection (SS-VAD) and minimum mean square error spectrum power estimator based on zero crossing (MMSE-SPZC). The noise elimination algorithm is added in the system before the feature extraction part. In addition to this, alternate acoustic models are developed using subspace Gaussian mixture models (SGMM) and deep neural network (DNN). The experimental results show that these modeling techniques are more powerful than the conventional Gaussian mixture model (GMM) – hidden Markov model (HMM), which was used as a modeling technique for the development of ASR models to design earlier spoken query systems. The fusion of noise elimination technique and SGMM/DNN-based modeling gives a better relative improvement of 7% accuracy compared to the earlier GMM-HMM-based ASR system. The least word error rate (WER) acoustic models could be used in spoken query system. The on-line speech recognition accuracy testing of developed spoken query system (with the help of Karnataka farmers) is also presented in this work.
Crystal structure of bis(η6-cymene)-tri-μ2-chlorido-ruthenium(II) tetrafluoroborate, C20H28BCl3F4Ru2
Authors: Yan Xiaowei , Zhu Dongjian , Zhong Xing , Wang Sujuan 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
C20H28BCl3F4Ru2, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 7.7061(15) Å, b = 12.654(3) Å, c = 13.993(3) Å, α = 68.25(3)°, β = 78.71(3)°, γ = 88.89(3)°, V = 1240.8(5) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0686, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.2017, T = 293(2) K.
Crack analysis of barrier coatings based on starch and starch-PVOH with and without plasticizer
Authors: Javed Asif , Rättö Peter , Järnström Lars , Ullsten Henrik 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Barrier coatings based on starch and starch-PVOH plasticized with glycerol and without plasticizer were applied to two different paperboard substrates, a triple coated board and duplex board, in order to investigate the tendency for cracks to develop in the barrier coating layers during creasing and folding. Tensile properties of films based on the starch and starch-PVOH blend were determined to investigate the relationship between the flexibility of the films and the cracking in the barrier coating layers. Furthermore, the oxygen transmission rate through the barrier-coated paperboard was measured before and after creasing and folding. The oxygen transmission rate through the barrier-coated samples was over the measurable range i. e.

OTR
>
10000

cm

3

/

m

2

day

\text{OTR}>10000\hspace{0.1667em}{\text{cm}}^{3}/{\text{m}}^{2}\hspace{0.1667em}\text{day}

after creasing and folding, which indicated failure in the barrier coating layers. Optical microscopy revealed small cracks in the barrier coating layers, probably related to an increase in flexibility of the barrier coating layers. It was observed in scanning electron micrographs that cracks in the barrier coating layers seemed to follow the fibers when the barrier coating was applied on the rear side of the duplex board. Scanning electron micrographs and surface profiler images revealed that cracks in the barrier coating layers might have originated from the mineral coating layer when the starch and starch/PVOH coating layers were applied on the mineral-coated side of the triple coated board. An increase in the thickness of the barrier coating layer did not seem to increase the resistance to failure.
Structural aspects of heterotetranuclear platinum clusters-distortion isomers
Authors: Melník Milan , Mikuš Peter 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This review includes 16 examples of distortion isomers of heterotetranuclear platinum clusters. The clusters are of the compositions: Pt3Sn, Pt2M2 (M=Au, Ag, W, Mo), and PtM3 (M=Os, Ru, Re). The four metal atoms are found in a distorted tetrahedral core (most common), planar-rhombohedral, spiked-triangular, and eight-membered ring skeleton. There are three pairs (Pt2W2, Pt2Au2, and Pt2Ag2) of clusters and all remainder clusters contain two crystallographically independent molecules within the same crystal. All are classical examples of distortion isomerism. Their structures are analyzed and discussed.
Optimal Designs of EWMA Charts for Monitoring the Coefficient of Variation Based on Median Run Length and Expected Median Run Length
Authors: Teoh W. L. , Lim J. Y. , Khoo Michael B. C. , Chong Z. L. , Yeong W. C. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The shape of run-length distribution changes with process shifts. This leads to complexity in interpreting the average run length performance. In this article, we show that the percentiles of the run-length distribution, especially the median run length (MRL), are more intuitive. The 5th and 95th percentiles of the run-length distribution are also provided in order to investigate the variation and spread of the run length. We develop two new optimal-design procedures for the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) charts, for monitoring the coefficient-of-variation (CV) squared (EWMA-γ2). These include minimization of the out-of-control MRL and the out-of-control expected MRL for deterministic and unknown shift sizes, respectively. Both the zero and steady states are discussed in this article. The optimal EWMA-γ2 chart is illustrated with real industrial data obtained from a metal sintering process. A comparative study reveals the superiority of the EWMA-γ2 charts for certain ranges of shifts in the CV.
Effect of Pin Speed on Cerchar Abrasion Test Results
Authors: Hamzaban Mohammad-Taghi , Karami Behnam , Rostami Jamal 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Abrasive properties of rocks affect tool selection and design of rock excavation machines as well as their productivity and operational costs. The Cerchar test is a simple and commonly used method of measuring rock abrasion. The current article focuses on the effect of pin sliding speed on the Cerchar abrasion index. For this study, Cerchar tests were conducted on seven mono-mineral rock samples with different pin speeds. The results showed that the variation of pin speed could affect the wear of the pin tip. However, the effect is not uniform and depends on the hardness of rocks and pins. The changes in the pin speed can change the pin penetration into the sample surface as well. Harder pins penetrate deeper into the sample surface. However, the difference between harder and softer pins decreases with an increase in pin speed. Pin tip penetration into the sample surface is not changed by its sliding speed in hard samples such as quartz. Accordingly, a new parameter was introduced: the ratio of the volume of rock removed by scratch to the volume of pin tip wear. This ratio is called scratch volume to wear ratio (SVWR) and is used to determine the optimum pin motion speed in various conditions. The optimum pin speed could also be used as a guide to determine the optimum speed of cutting tools on rock surfaces in practical conditions. A new abrasion classification system was introduced based on SVWR and showed that it could be used regardless of pin hardness.
Neurons Specifically Activated by Fear Learning in Lateral Amygdala Display Increased Synaptic Strength
Authors: Butler C. W. , Wilson Y. M. , Oyrer J. , Karle T. J. , Petrou S. , Gunnersen J. M. , Murphy M. , Reid C. A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe lateral amygdala (LA) plays a critical role in the formation of fear-conditioned associative memories. Previous studies have used c-fosregulated expression to identify a spatially restricted population of neurons within the LA that is specifically activated by fear learning. These neurons are likely to be a part of a memory engram, but, to date, functional evidence for this has been lacking. We show that neurons within a spatially restricted region of the LA had an increase in both the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous postsynaptic currents (sPSC) when compared to neurons recorded from home cage control mice. We then more specifically addressed if this increased synaptic activity was limited to learning-activated neurons. Using afos-tau-LacZ(FTL) transgenic mouse line, we developed a fluorescence-based method of identifying and recording from neurons activated by fear learning (FTL+) in acute brain slices. An increase in frequency and amplitude of sPSCs was observed inFTL+neurons when compared to nonactivatedFTL−neurons in fear-conditioned mice. No learning-induced changes were observed in the action potential (AP) input-output relationships. These findings support the idea that a discrete LA neuron population forms part of a memory engram through changes in synaptic connectivity.
Performance of The Society of Thoracic Surgeons 2008 Cardiac Risk Models for Major Postoperative Complications after Heart Valve Surgery in a Chinese Population: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Wang Chong , Jin Lei , Qiao Fan , Xue Qing , Zhang Xin Guan , Han Lin 
Published: June 2018

Background: To evaluate the performance of Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) 2008 cardiac surgery risk scores for postoperative complications in Chinese patients undergoing single valve surgery at multicenter institutions.
Methods: From January 2009 through December 2012, 4493 consecutive patients older than 16 years who underwent single valve surgery at 4 cardiac surgical centers were collected and scored according to the STS 2008 risk scores. The final research population included the following isolated heart valve surgery types: aortic valve replacement, mitral valve replacement, and mitral valve repair. Calibration of the risk scores was assessed by the Hosmer–Lemeshow (H-L) test. Discrimination was tested by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.
Results: The observed incidence rate for cerebrovascular accident (CVA), renal failure (RF), prolonged ventilation (Vent), reoperation (Reop), prolonged postoperative length of stay (PLOS), and short postoperative LOS (SLOS) was 0.90%, 1.32%, 4.18%, 2.43%, 3.64%, and 1.65%, respectively. The predicted incidence rate for CVA, RF, Vent, Reop, PLOS, and SLOS was 0.76%, 1.55%, 4.94%, 6.69%, 3.92%, and 2.54%, respectively. The STS 2008 risk scores give an accurate calibration for individual postoperative risk in CVA, RF, Vent, and PLOS (Hosmer–Lemeshow: P = .052, P = .474, P = .468, and P = .712, respectively). The area under the ROC curve of the STS 2008 risk scores for the above 4 postoperative complications were 0.714, 0.724, 0.727%, and 0.713, respectively.
Conclusion: The STS 2008 risk scores were suitable for major postoperative complications in patients undergoing single valve surgery, except for Reop and SLOS.