bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The longest-lasting 2023 western North American heat wave was fueled by the record-warm Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Lopez Hosmay , Lee Sang-Ki , West Robert , Kim Dongmin , Jia Liwei 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

According to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), 2023 was ranked as the warmest year in the global surface temperature record since 1850, setting new warm surface temperature records over more than 20% of the global land surface (WMO, 2023). In particular, the southwestern United States (US) and Northern Mexico experienced their longest stretch of record-breaking heat wave from late-June to mid-August, affecting over 100 million people, and causing over 200 deaths. This compounded drought and heatwave caused $14.5 billion in economic loss, the costliest natural hazard of 2023. Our analysis based on observational data indicates that the 2023 heat wave event was directly linked to a strong anticyclonic blocking pattern that persisted for more than six weeks across the western US. Regression analysis and dedicated atmospheric model simulations suggest that the anticyclonic blocking pattern was ultimately forced by the extremely warm sea surface temperature in the Atlantic. An extreme value analysis shows that the warm Atlantic along with a growing El Niño in the Pacific were responsible for doubling the heat wave number, tripling the heat wave days, and increasing the duration of heat wave events by about 50 percent in the region.
Highly Selective Synthesis of Interlocked Carbazole-based Cages and their Application in Effective Solar-driven Water Evaporation
Authors: Dang Li-Long , Lu Ming-Yu , Yang Jian-Xin , Xu Ya-Ning , Chai Ying-Hang , Wan Xiao-Qian , Zhao Ying , Tian Dan , Aznarez Francisco , Ma Lu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The design and assembly of interlocked supramolecular cages is a highly important research topic, mainly due to their exquisite topological configuration and excellent performance in a variety of application fields. Herein, we introduce the preparation of two new carbazole-based ligand precursors, L1 and L2, which were rationally designed to form three molecular-tweezer like compounds, three interlocked cages, a tetranuclear macrocycle and a hexanuclear cage via combination with four different half-sandwich rhodium based building blocks, E1-E4. The structure of these compounds was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, NMR spectroscopy and ESI-TOF-MS analysis. Owing to stacking interactions between carbazole groups and the appropriate size of building blocks, interlocked cages and molecular-tweezer like compounds were obtained. Furthermore, the photothermal conversion performance of the isolated compounds was studied in detail. The interlocked cages 5, 6, and 7, exhibiting broad-band absorptions from the UV-Vis to the NIR region and remarkable photothermal conversion, were used to prepare the membranes 5', 6', and 7', and study their application in steam generation promoted by solar energy. Evaporation rates of 0.77, 1.52 and 1.37 kg·m-2·h-1 were recorded for 5', 6' and 7', respectively, indicating their suitability to collect fresh water from desalination and wastewater treatment.
Highly Shape-Morphable Origami Electromagnetic Waveguides
Authors: Ashok Nikhil , Suk Sangwoo , Bilén Sven G. , Ning Xin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Electromagnetic waveguides are used extensively in spacecraft, naval, electrical, and communication systems for transferring microwave energy from one point to another. Current electromagnetic waveguides are typically rigid, bulky structures with no or minimal shape adaptability. This construction poses challenges in using electromagnetic waveguides in highly confined spaces or systems requiring small storage volumes and high shape adaptability. This work reports a novel concept of highly shape-morphable origami electromagnetic waveguides that can fold, deploy, and change shapes. This research explores multiple designs inspired by origami folding techniques, including shopping bags and bellows designs. The numerical and experimental studies indicate that the origami waveguides exhibit low-loss, robust microwave energy transmission. These results demonstrate that the highly shape-morphable electromagnetic waveguides may effectively replace their rigid counterparts including straight, twisted, and bent waveguides. This research also employs a combined analytical and experimental approach to investigate the kinematics and mechanics of the origami electromagnetic waveguides with a focus on rectangular straight and twist bellows designs. This knowledge provides rigorous guidance for the structural design of origami electromagnetic waveguides. The engineering advancements and fundamental studies in this work lay the foundation for future adaptive microwave energy delivery waveguides.
Metabolomic Response to Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
Authors: Ghosh Soumita , Lahens Nick , Barekat Kayla , Tang Soon-Yew , Theken Katherine N. , Ricciotti Emanuela , Sengupta Arjun , Joshi Robin , Bushman Frederic D. , Weljie Aalim , Grosser Tilo , FitzGerald Garret A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are popular choices for the mitigation of pain and inflammation; however, they are accompanied by side effects in the gastrointestinal and cardiovascular systems. We compared the effects of naproxen, a traditional NSAID, and celecoxib, a cyclooxygenase − 2 (Cox-2) inhibitor, in humans. Our findings showed a decrease in tryptophan and kynurenine levels in plasma of volunteers treated with naproxen. We further validated this result in mice. Additionally, we find that the depression of tryptophan was independent of both Cox-1 and Cox-2 inhibition, but rather was due to the displacement of bound tryptophan by naproxen. Supplementation of tryptophan in naproxen-treated mice rescued fecal blood loss and inflammatory gene expression driven by IL-1β in the heart.
User wants, needs and resistance in the postdigital university: prioritizing pedagogical concerns in learning analytics design
Authors: Harrington Susan , Sellberg Charlott 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Despite the increasing interest in learning analytics over the past decade, there remains relatively little integration with pedagogical practice in higher education. The limited engagement of teachers in the design and development of teacher facing dashboards has been cited as a significant issue. As the purpose of a teacher facing dashboard is to enable deep insights into student learning as a basis for data-driven decision making, successful integration depends on compatibility with pedagogical needs and intentions. In this paper, we outline findings from a series of focus groups with nautical simulator instructors (n=12) from three different universities in Sweden, Norway and Finland. During focus groups, the design concept of multimodal learning analytics was presented and discussed, with focus on the usefulness of a teacher-facing learning analytics dashboard in addressing typical instructional concerns during simulation-based training. In the analysis, we focus on the juxtaposition between user wants, needs and resistance, prioritizing the simulator instructors’ pedagogical concerns in learning analytics design. The findings highlight a crucial gap between the technological capabilities of learning analytics and the practical, everyday challenges of teaching in simulation-based environments. To bridge this gap, it is essential to design dashboards that are not only professionally intuitive and data-rich but also adaptable to the specific pedagogical strategies of instructors. Ultimately, successful implementation depends on a user-centered design process that integrates instructors’ perspectives, ensuring that learning analytics tools align with the complexities of simulation-based training.
Barriers and enablers for group-based manual emptying services for onsite sanitation facilities in Nairobi, Kenya: a qualitative study
Authors: Tomoi Hiroaki , Ingumba Bonface Butichi , Simiyu Sheillah , Otteng Evelyne , Osewe James , Majiwa Hamilton , Braun Laura , Cumming Oliver , Moriyasu Taeko 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Onsite sanitation, such as pit latrines, is essential to achieving universal access to safe sanitation, as articulated in the Sustainable Development Goal target 6.2. However, manual emptying services for pit latrines in low-income areas are often inadequate and unhygienic, posing health and environmental risks. Since service safety increases costs while affordability for customers is essential, service cost reduction is important. Group-based emptying is an approach where the service provider visits several households on the same day to empty onsite sanitation facilities, having a potential to improve efficiency and affordability of manual emptying. This paper aims to identify barriers and enablers for group-based manual emptying services in low-income neighbourhoods of Nairobi. We conducted 12 focus group discussions with landlords, tenants, and manual emptiers in the Korogocho informal settlement in Nairobi and interviewed 20 key informants from relevant sectors in Kenya. We identified five categories of barriers and enablers that affected general and group-based manual emptying: 1) funding, 2) expertise and equipment, 3) social and commercial habits, 4) physical conditions, and 5) regulatory systems. Of these, a norm that pits are not emptied until they get full, operating time constraints, fair and transparent pricing, and an organiser who can arrange group-based emptying from Category 3, and transport capacity from Category 4 specifically affected group-based manual emptying. Given that the barriers have a cascade structure, addressing some primary barriers such as capacity building and recognising manual emptiers’ role in the sanitation policies could be effective ways to ensure safe and affordable emptying services.
Asymptotic analysis of the stochastic HTLV-I model with Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process
Authors: Kiouach Driss , Khammich Lahcen , El-idrissi Salim El Azami 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The object of this work is to enhance the persistence sill and to reconsider the sufficient conditions leading to the extinction of the stochastic HTLV-1 infection model proposed by Shi and Jiang in [1]. As a first step, and by using some mathematical techniques, we obtain some new and better sufficient conditions for the existence of an ergodic stationary distribution. Then, by using sepectral radius analysis we identify critical condition for elimination of the diseas. After that, we demonstrate that our conditions are stronger and well justified than its homologue in [1]. Finally, we present some numerical simulation example to back up our theoretical outcomes.
The Circle of Willis, Aneurysms and Subarachnoid Haemorrhages: a Historical Narrative of Parallels from Observation to Intervention
Authors: Nichols Linda 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The history of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) is far from modern, spanning close to 5000 years. There are many parallels and references to epidemiological principles that remain current today and are central to modern nursing research techniques. The importance of epidemiology in nursing cannot be overestimated, nursing practice closely aligns with the ultimate goals of epidemiological principle in the promotion of health and reduction of disease related risk factors. Despite nursing holding the conceptual key to enriching epidemiological research, nursing has historically distanced itself from front line epidemiological research, often hesitant about both capability and clinical expertise in leading epidemiological research. The following historical narrative serves as a reminder of how far we have come in the diagnosis, treatment and care of individuals post aSAH as well as serving as inspiration for future nursing research.
Impact of the corona virus (Covid 19)pandemic on stroke code activities and outcome. A retrospective observational study
Authors: Jala Sheila , Bertmar Carin , Wronski Miriam , Day Susan , Barr Jeanne , Hu Ying , O’Brien Elizabeth , Priglinger-Coorey Miriam , Aziz Iqra , Krause Martin , Elliot Rosalind , Fry Margaret 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
The Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the delivery of healthcare around the world. We assessed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospital presentations, reperfusion treatment and outcomes in a comprehensive stroke centre.

Methods
In this observational study seven months of retrospective data from February 2020 (at the beginning of the pandemic) were compared to data collected for the same time frame in 2019.

Results
There was a transient reduction in stroke presentation only at the beginning of the wave of COVID-19 community transmissions in Sydney. There were significantly more haemorrhagic strokes in the COVID-19 period (n = 66, 15.4 % vs n = 95, 21.5 %, P = 0.02) and baseline stroke severity was higher (NIHSS median 3 vs 4, P = 0.049). Similar proportions of ischaemic stroke patients received reperfusion therapy in the two time periods (IV thrombolysis [n = 51, 17.3% vs n = 52, 17.9%, P = 0.838]; and ECR [n = 38, 12.9% vs n = 46, 15.9%, P = 0.30]). The time from presentation to stroke bed admission was significantly shorter during the COVID-19 period (median 295 vs 260 minutes, P = 0.031). Three-month follow-up Modified Rankin Score was 2 (median) in both periods (P = 0.92).

Conclusion
There was no change in stroke presentations overall during the 2020 COVID 19 pandemic time period with the exception of the first phase of the pandemic. Baseline stroke severity scores were higher. There was no a difference in the degree of disability at three-month follow-up.
Understanding Parkinson's Disease: A Basic Overview
Authors: Anderson Rachael L , Choo Adelene , Sharrad Sue , Withey Ruth 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multi-system disease, with clinical features typically described across three domains: motor, non-motor, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. There is no known cause or cure for PD, and diagnosis occurs often through a process of elimination, remaining one of clinical assessment, expert opinion, and observing disease progression over time. In the absence of disease modifying therapy for PD, pharmacological treatments play a role in symptomatic relief and improving quality of life (QoL). A narrowing therapeutic window and motor fluctuations present a challenge to the pharmacological management of PD. Device assisted therapies including Duodopa, Apomorphine and deep brain stimulation are based on the concept of providing stable and continuous stimulation to minimise pulsatile sudden or unexpected fluctuations. Studies continue to demonstrate the benefit of multidisciplinary input and the impact on functional status, mood, motor abilities, cognitive performance, speech skills, independence and QoL of a person with PD. Nurses are well placed to identify complications, escalate concerns, and initiate timely referral to members of a multidisciplinary team. Understanding the clinical features of PD as well as the basic assessment and management of the disease is essential in providing holistic care and supports to maintain QoL for those with PD and their caregivers.
Intravenous Thrombolysis in Acute Ischaemic Stroke Two Years into the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Jala Sheila , Bertmar Carin , Fry Margaret , Elliott Rosalind , Day Susan , O’Brien Elizabeth , Priglinger-Coorey Miriam , Krause Martin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Changes in intravenous thrombolysis treatment rates for acute ischaemic stroke during the COVID-19 pandemic have been reported. We examined the differences in the provision of intravenous thrombolysis in patients with acute ischaemic stroke, two years prior to and two years into the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
Data were compared between March 1, 2018 to February 28, 2020 (Pre-COVID-19) and March 1, 2020 to February 28, 2022 (COVID-19). Data collected included patients’ demographics, intravenous thrombolysis rates, and patient outcomes.

Results
There was an increase in ischaemic stroke patient admissions during the COVID-19 period (Pre-COVID-19 n=1041, vs COVID-19 n=1087). Yet, fewer stroke patients received intravenous thrombolysis (19.2% vs 13.9%, p<0.001), and there were more stroke mimics thrombolysed (8.3% vs 15.6%, p=0.021) during this period. During the COVID-19 period, there was a significant delay in hospital presentation for patients who were thrombolysed (Pre-COVID-19 = 86 minutes vs COVID-19 = 107 minutes, p = 0.004); and delay in giving thrombolysis (median door to needle time: Pre-COVID-19 = 59 minutes vs COVID-19 = 65 minutes, p = 0.002). Fewer patients had severe stroke symptoms (National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score = >15) (12.2% vs 4.8%, p=0.009) during the COVID-19 period. There was no significant difference in patients’ post-thrombolysis outcome (median National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score = 1, p=0.136; discharge modified Rankin Scale score = 1, p=0.647; and mortality p=0.655).

Conclusion
This study showed that during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a significant decline in the thrombolysis rates and delay in the administration of the intravenous thrombolysis treatment.
Puff of Smoke: Moyamoya and the nursing role following STA-MCA bypass
Authors: Brazill Harriet E 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Superficial temporal artery (STA) to middle cerebral artery (MCA) bypass, also referred to as STA-MCA bypass, is a direct revascularisation treatment for moyamoya disease. Moyamoya disease is a rare cerebrovascular condition characterised by progressive narrowing of the distal segments of the internal carotid arteries. Untreated, this may cause varied and progressive symptoms for patients, with a significantly increased risk of stroke annually. STA-MCA bypass is performed several times a year at Royal North Shore Hospital by specialist cerebrovascular neurosurgeons. This is a quaternary service with patient referrals received from throughout Australia.
This paper will provide an overview of moyamoya, the surgical treatment and nursing care. The pre- and post-procedure nursing care for these patients is paramount, including perioperative blood pressure management, neurological assessment and wound care. The paper will also explore a case study of a patient who underwent a STA-MCA bypass, highlighting the value of specialised neuroscience nursing care, and additional considerations when managing patients living at a distance from the local health district.
The incidence of worsening impulse control disorders in the initiation of apomorphine therapy
Authors: Tsui David , Galea Donna 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Apomorphine therapy was first discovered in the 19th century and became clinically available for use in 1980’s. Apomorphine therapy has been described as an underutilised therapy for Parkinson’s disease (The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of Impulse Control Disorders (ICD) using a clinician administered rating scale the ‘Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale’ (QUIP-RS). The results of this study were consistent with the current literature that was reviewed. We found that apomorphine therapy were unlikely to worsen ICD and the use of apomorphine infusion may even improve ICD. In addition, concomitant use of dopamine agonists was not likely to worsen ICD.
Trial of fog and rainwater harvesting to alleviate water scarcity in the agricultural highlands of the Galapagos Islands
Authors: Ferguson Charlie , Guerra Robert , Cooke Sophia , Proaño Daniel 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

The Galapagos Islands face complex challenges to protect their endemic biodiversity against anthropogenic decline while simultaneously improving the welfare and livelihoods of a growing resident community. For instance, alternative mechanisms for water provision across the impoverished agricultural highlands of Santa Cruz are being urgently sought. This study presents the results of the largest-ever trial of fog and rainwater harvesting technologies across the archipelago, focusing on their potential role in contributing to a regional sustainable water supply. The water yields from 16 installations (eight fog harvesting and eight rainwater harvesting) were continuously monitored for a period of ten months. The results demonstrated the influence of rainfall on the yields from both technologies, though fog harvesting volumes were less adversely impacted by drier months. While rainwater harvesting provides larger and more consistent yields, fog harvesting offers a viable alternative, particularly in remote locations or where rainwater harvesting is impractical. Although practical considerations such as storage availability and economic burden are critical, this study demonstrates the substantial role that off-grid water supply mechanisms can play in enhancing the resilience of Galapagos’ agricultural zones.
A generalization of the M5 Tree model and artificial neural network model for estimating daily reference evapotranspiration under minimal climatic data conditions
Authors: Hosseini Vardanjani Seyed Mohammadreza , Ganjikhorramdel Naser , Khaltabadi Farahani Amirhossein , Khoshravesh Mojtaba , Nouri khajebelagh Rassol 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
To enhance water use efficiency in agriculture, accurately estimating plant water consumption is essential. This study examines the ability of artificial neural networks (ANN) and decision tree models to calculate reference evapotranspiration (ET0). Data from Shahrekord, Farokhshahr, and Saman stations (2004–2013), including temperature, humidity, wind speed at two meters, and sunshine hours, were used. The FAO Penman-Monteith model evaluated the models. In the first phase, eight scenarios were designed to estimate evapotranspiration under different climatic data. Evaluation metrics such as RMSE, MAE, and correlation coefficient (R) were calculated. Results showed that the ANN model, with a feedforward network and Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, outperformed the M5 decision tree model at all stations: (RMSE = 0.3, MAE = 0.23, R = 0.99) at Shahrekord airport, (RMSE = 0.34, MAE = 0.26, R = 0.99) at Farokhshahr, and (RMSE = 0.31, MAE = 0.24, R = 0.99) at Saman. In the second phase, both models were trained with Farokhshahr data and tested with data from the other stations. Results again showed the superior performance of the ANN model. Overall, the study concluded that the ANN model outperforms the M5 model in data-scarce conditions, making it a better tool for water resource management.