bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multi-objective ensemble approach to hydrological modelling in the UK: an application to historic drought reconstruction
Authors: Smith Katie A. , Barker Lucy J. , Tanguy Maliko , Parry Simon , Harrigan Shaun , Legg Tim P. , Prudhomme Christel , Hannaford Jamie 
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Hydrological models can provide estimates of streamflow pre- and
post-observations, which enable greater understanding of past hydrological
behaviour, and potential futures. In this paper, a new multi-objective
calibration method was derived and tested for 303 catchments in the UK, and
the calibrations were used to reconstruct river flows back to 1891, in order
to provide a much longer view of past hydrological variability, given the
brevity of most UK river flow records which began post-1960. A Latin
hypercube sample of 500 000 parameterisations for the GR4J model for each
catchment were evaluated against six evaluation metrics covering all aspects
of the flow regime from high, median, and low flows. The results of the top
ranking model parameterisation (LHS1), and also the top 500 (LHS500), for
each catchment were used to provide a deterministic result whilst also
accounting for parameter uncertainty. The calibrations are generally good at
capturing observed flows, with some exceptions in heavily groundwater-dominated catchments, and snowmelt and artificially influenced catchments
across the country. Reconstructed flows were appraised over 30-year moving
windows and were shown to provide good simulations of flow in the early
parts of the record, in cases where observations were available. To consider
the utility of the reconstructions for drought simulation, flow data for the
1975–1976 drought event were explored in detail in nine case study catchments.
The model's performance in reproducing the drought events was found to vary
by catchment, as did the level of uncertainty in the LHS500. The
Standardised Streamflow Index (SSI) was used to assess the model
simulations' ability to simulate extreme events. The peaks and troughs of
the SSI time series were well represented despite slight over- or
underestimations of past drought event magnitudes, while the accumulated
deficits of the drought events extracted from the SSI time series verified
that the model simulations were overall very good at simulating drought
events. This paper provides three key contributions: (1) a robust
multi-objective model calibration framework for calibrating catchment models
for use in both general and extreme hydrology; (2) model calibrations for the
303 UK catchments that could be used in further research, and operational
applications such as hydrological forecasting; and (3) ∼ 125 years of spatially and temporally consistent reconstructed flow data
that will allow comprehensive quantitative assessments of past UK drought
events, as well as long-term analyses of hydrological variability that have
not been previously possible, thus enabling water resource managers to
better plan for extreme events and build more resilient systems for the
future.
Amibas de vida libre en pozas, piscinas y lagos de El Salvador
Authors: Castillo de Mena Marta Esperanza , Santos Herrera René Guillermo , Cerna de López Mirna Maricely , Torres de Castillo Elia Gicela , Portillo de Juárez Alexandra Manoela , Rosales Quintanilla Rogelio Isaac 
Published: August 2019

En este trabajo se examinaron 60 muestras de agua provenientes de 30 sitios del territorio salvadoreño donde se ubican reservorios de agua utilizados por la población para su diversión. La identificación de cada muestra in­cluyó: fecha de colecta, ubicación del lugar, toma de superficie o profundidad, y condición clorada o no clorada. Se sedimentó cada muestra y éste se estudió entre lámina y laminilla, utilizando ob­jetivos 10X y 40X del microscopio, en busca de formas móviles de amibas. Adicionalmente, del se­dimento se sembraron cuatro placas de agar-agar sembradas con Escherichia coli vivas o muertas.Los cultivos se examinaron utilizando objetivo 4X del microscopio. De las colonias se realizaron prepa­raciones al fresco y se observaron al microscopio con objetivos de 10X y 40X. A las preparaciones que mostraron trofozoitos de amibas se les fijó con PVA (alcohol poli vinílico) y les tiñó con coloración tricrómica. Se consideraron AVL (amibas de vida libre) los trofozoitos que presentaron dos o más de estas características: tamaño de 13 a 30 micróme­tros, seudópodos redondeados, y núcleo con un cariosoma prominente rodeado por un halo claro. Se encontraron AVL en dos muestras de agua to­madas del fondo de piscinas con agua clorada, y en una muestra tomada del fondo de otra piscina de agua no clorada.
Verborgen strijd in het veiligheidsdomein: over samenwerking tussen politie en gemeente bij de bestuurlijke aanpak van overlast en criminaliteit
Authors: Salet Renze 
Published: August 2019

Concealed conflict in the security domain: On inter-organizational cooperation between the police and local government in the governance of disorder and crime
In the Netherlands, over the past 25 years mayors have had an increasing number of formal powers, based on administrative law, to fight against crime and disorder. Now, the Dutch mayors have the power to impose a restraining order, to close houses in case of drugs and/or drugs trade, or to decline a request for a permit when it might be used for illegal activities.To implement these measures, the local government is highly dependent on (information provided by) the police. At this moment we do not have much information about this cooperation between local government and the police in the management of crime and disorder. This paper is based on an empirical study concerning this issue. It shows that the inter-organizational cooperation between local government and the police may differ strongly, however this cooperation still often depends on central factors and circumstances. An important factor is the (growing) distance between the police and local government in regard to the local approach of problems of crime and disorder. A significant number of local police officers concentrates mainly on the maintenance of law and order by criminal law enforcement instead of the implementation of administrative measures. As a result, local government is often unsatisfied about the contribution of the police. For example, the quality of the information provided by the police is often perceived as insufficient. In some cases local governments try to diminish the degree of interdependency with the police and to strengthen their own position in the local safety domain.
Taxonomy of the genus Neopanorpa van der Weele, 1909 (Mecoptera, Panorpidae) from the Oriental Region, with the description of two new species
Authors: Wang Ji-Shen , Hua Bao-Zhen 
Published: August 2019

Neopanorpa van der Weele, 1909 is the second largest genus in Panorpidae, and over 170 Oriental species have been reported hitherto. In this paper, we describe two new species: Neopanorpa luojishana sp. nov. and Neopanorpa xingmini sp. nov. from Southwest China. We also report the first discovery of the male of Neopanorpa ocellaris (Navás, 1908) from Guangxi and Guizhou, China, a species recorded from Sikkim previously. Neopanorpa brevivalvae Chou & Wang, 1988 is synonymized with Neopanorpa lungtaushana Cheng, 1957. In addition, Neopanorpa furcula nom. nov. is proposed for Neopanorpa furcata Zhou, 2005, a junior homonym preoccupied by Neopanorpa furcata (Hardwicke, 1825). The biogeographical implications of some Neopanorpa species are discussed in brief.
House, Street, City: Le Corbusier’s Research Towards a New Urban Interior
Authors: Martinelli Patrizio M. 
Published: August 2019

Le Corbusier’s investigations, conducted between the 1910s and the 1930s, were focused on a new relationship between street and building. This research started from texts about the city, in particular, the writings of Eugène Hénard’s. These essays, dating back to 1903-1909, dealt with the necessity of a renewed strategy for the urban street, breaking down the monotony and the problems related to the sequence of buildings and creating a series of places as squares, gardens, and open courtyards: actual urban rooms between streets an buildings. Learning from those texts, Le Corbusier worked on a series of polemical writings about the rue corridor, collected in particular in The City of Tomorrow, Precisions and The Radiant City. A series of projects explored to the extreme consequences the topic: the Dom-ino building principle used for collective housing evolved to the redent, detached from the infrastructure, and the immeuble villa, with its inhabited façades. Finally, the curved redent for the Plan Obus in Algiers transformed the street itself into a "building as city" flowing in the landscape. The essay follows how Le Corbusier transforms the street and its traditional urban components in interior elements inside the buildings.
Tokyo’s Kyōshō Jūtaku: Nature through the Inside, Outside and the In-Between
Authors: Klasto Cathryn 
Published: August 2019

Born out of conversations with Japanese architects, as well as intimate spatial encounters with small houses (kyōshō jūtaku) in Tokyo, this paper discusses the way in which nature emerges and functions within fourth generation small housing design. Japan’s relationship with nature has generated many interconnecting architectural layers over centuries, arising out of culture, religion and the practicalities and consequences of the country’s economy, climate and experiences of natural disasters. These layers have fostered a deep and complex connection to land, and as a result, there is still a high value placed on owning one’s own plot, no matter how small. Despite how most city-based plots are often accompanied by high taxes and complicated building regulations; the lure of the land prevails.
Due to domestic plot sizes rapidly reducing after the burst of the Bubble Economy in 1992, kyōshō jūtaku became a reality for those wanting to remain within the greater Tokyo area. A consequence of this reduction was that Tokyoites had less domestic contact with nature, as gardens became a luxury that most could not afford. Therefore, architects designing kyōshō jūtaku began to creatively consider new and innovative ways nature could be reclaimed and experienced through design. Through discussing examples of Tokyo’s kyōshō jūtakuin relation to inside, outside and the in-between, this paper traces how current connective and fluid manifestations of nature contribute to the destabilisation of the public-private boundary. It demonstrates how nature plays a fundamental role in building more open relationships with the city, relationships which in turn allow small houses to function as critical micro-spaces within Tokyo’s thriving urban ecology.
The Visual Mechanisms of Seeing in Experiencing the Interior
Authors: Sengke Maria M. C. , Mustikawati Triandriani 
Published: August 2019

This paper discusses the visual mechanisms of seeing and their significance in experiencing an interior space. The discussion investigates what the observers can obtain from seeing activities. The aim is to emphasise on the role of seeing as a way of constructing the relation between human and the interior environment. The paper explores the mechanisms of seeing by focusing on two different ways, which are seeing in a static position from a point of observation, and seeing while moving through a path of observation. The exploration in a hospital setting finds out that seeing from a point of observation gave a visual range determined by the body's shaft motion, head motion, and eye movement. This way of seeing produces visual information on interior space, which consists of vertical and horizontal fields. Seeing while moving will create a path of observation that gave an optical flow containing dynamic and continuous visual information. The understanding of seeing mechanisms in interior environment can generate a design with better human-interior relation.
Association between motor competence and Functional Movement Screen scores
Authors: Silva Bruno , Rodrigues Luis Paulo , Clemente Filipe Manuel , Cancela José M. , Bezerra Pedro 
Published: August 2019

Background
Motor competence (MC) is generally used to describe a person’s proficiency in a variety of motor skills and is the basis for one’s performance in sports and recreational activities. Functional Movement Screen (FMSTM) is one of the most used screening systems to provide interpretable measure of movement quality. Both FMSTM and MC constructs share three components: locomotor, manipulative and stabilizing movements. In the present study, it was hypothesized that MC scores can explain FMSTM variables. It was also predicted that better MC leads to better functional movement patterns in young adults.

Methods
A sample of 92 young adults (73.9% men) with a mean age of 21.2 years participated in this study. All participants were evaluated on anthropometric measurements, dual x-ray absorptiometry; FMSTM and MC.

Results
Men showed better MC scores and fat mass composition than women. Regarding specific tests, women scored higher in the FMSTMactive straight leg raise test, whereas men performed better in the FMSTM trunk stability push-up (TSP) test. Manipulative tasks and construct presents’ significant and positive associations with FMSTM composite score (r ≥ 0.303). The significant negative correlation were more related to FMSTM TSP and MC shuttle run and FMSTM in-line lunge and MC manipulative. The FMSTM TSP presents significant associations with all MC constructs and tasks. Meanwhile, the FMSTM composite score is associated with all components of MC Stability (p < 0.05). In young adults, and independent of gender, the FMSTMexplains fundamental movements based on motor control according to the stability construct. Moreover, the FMSTM TSP is associated with better performance in the all MC constructs and MC tasks. The FMSTM, on its own, is linked to objective MC stability measures.
Evaluation of Quality and Assurance Parameters of Mulberry Silk Waste and Viscose Blended Knitted Fabrics by Using ‘Fabric Assurance by Simple Testing’ (FAST) Technique
Authors: Bajaj Shikha , Bains Sandeep 
Published: August 2019

Fabric handle is one of the influential properties for any fabric and is a guiding factor for optimum selection of textile materials for specific end uses. The paper deals with objective analysis of knitted fabrics for fabric hand. Present attempt was made on four knitted fabrics, blended in proportions of 50% mulberry silk: 50% viscose and 40% mulberry silk: 60% viscose, each in two different counts. Fabric Assurance by Simple Testing (FAST) was utilized for determination of properties which is precisely associated with apparel construction and its lastingness. Fabric samples were subjected to tests for obtainment of dimensional stability, formability, low load extensibility, bending rigidity, compression and shear rigidity. Knitted fabric blended in proportion of 50% mulberry silk: 50% viscose in 20 Nm count was found to be most feasible to large scale production and garment construction.
Amitriptyline Induced Alterations in Liver and Kidney Functions and Structures in Male Rats
Authors: Atta Fathy A. M. , Tousson Ehab , A. Dabour Noha , A. Massoud Ahmed , F. Hasan Ahmed 
Published: August 2019

Aims: Depression is a mental health issue that starts most often in early adulthood and it is a common and recurrent disorder causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant that is known to inhibit the presynaptic reuptake of serotonin, norepinephrine, and inhibitor of mitochondrial functions and induces apoptosis in several tissues. This study aims to identify the changes in liver and kidney structure and functions after treatment of male rats with Amitriptyline drugs.
Materials and Methods: A total of 20 male albino rats were randomly and equally divided into 2 groups (G1, control group that included animals that did not receive any treatment during the experimental period. G2, Amitriptyline (Tryptizol; El Kahira Pharm And Chem Ind Co) group in which rats were injected intraperitoneally with Amitriptyline (100 mg/kg body weight/daily) for four weeks).
Results: The current results revealed that; Amitriptyline treatments significantly (P <0.05) increased the levels of serum ALT, AST, ALP, urea, creatinine, sodium ions, chloride ions and liver and kidney damages as compared to control. In contrast; a significant (P <0.05) decrease in albumin, and total protein, potassium ions and calcium ions in Amitriptyline group was reported when compared with control group.
Conclusion: Amitriptyline has many side effects on rat liver and kidney, it induced liver and kidney toxicity and tissue injury were it metabolized to nortriptyline which inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin almost equally. Amitriptyline inhibits the membrane pump mechanism responsible for uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin in adrenergic and serotonergic neurons.
Comparative Studies on the Effect of Fermentation on the Nutritional Compositions and Anti-nutritional Levels of Glycine max Fermented Products: Tempeh and Soy-Iru
Authors: Omodara T. R. , Aderibigbe E. Y. 
Published: August 2019

Aims: A comparative study of fungi and bacteria fermentation of soybean (Glycine max) was carried out to determine the effect of fermentation on the nutritional composition of their fermented products: tempeh and ‘soy-iru’.
Study Design: The experiment was carried out in the Department of Microbiology, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria, between August, 2017 and July 2018.
Methodology: Soybean was processed into ‘soy-iru’ (bacterial fermentation) and tempeh (fungal fermentation) and the microbial load, physico-chemical properties, proximate composition, levels of anti-nutritional components (trypsin inhibitor and phytic acid), anti-oxidants (total phenol, total flavonoid and DPPH), in-vitro protein digestibility and vitamins (A, B, C, D, and E) were analyzed.
Results: The microbial load, pH increased progressively during fermentation, while there was a decrease in the titratable acidity (TTA) of the two products. The protein(%), ash(%) and fat(%) contents of the Glycine max cotyledons increased from 29.56, 1.86 and 24.36 in unfermented substrate to 33.61, 2.21 and 26.90, respectively, after 24hrs of fermentation to produce tempeh. However, there was a reduction in the crude fibre(%) and carbohydrate(%) content from 2.94 and 41.29 in unfermented substrate to 2.53 and 32.57, respectively, after 24hrs of fermentation. Similar trends were observed during the production of ‘soy-iru’, however the change in proximate composition was not as significant as observed in tempeh. There was significant decrease in the trypsin inhibitor and phytic acid levels of the two products. The levels of anti-oxidants, vitamins B, D, E and protein digestibility increased significantly, in both bacterial and fungal-fermented products.
Conclusion: This research has therefore shown that fungal fermentation of Glycine max seeds into tempeh may be a better alternative to ‘soy-iru’ which was obtained from bacterial fermentation, because of the significant lower level anti-nutritional factors in the former.
In vitro Antioxidant Capabilities and Vitamin Levels in Beef, Chicken and Fish Homogenates
Authors: Iheanyichukwu Wopara, , Samuel K. Mobisson , Josephine A. Dike, , Awah F. M. , Amanda Ike, , Uwaezuoke C. Awarajih, 
Published: August 2019

In this modern era of functional food research, there are possibilities that we could eat not only to derive nutritional values but also to get well. In this study, the antioxidant and vitamin level in fish, beef and chicken homogenates were determined using various assays. The results showed that vitamin E levels in fish homogenate (34.47 ± 1.04 µg/dL) were significantly high (p<0.05) compared with chicken homogenate (29.55 ± 4.84 µg\dL), and beef homogenate (19.16 ± 0.96 µg/dL). Also the vitamin C levels in the beef homogenates (51.12 ± 3.74) was significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to the chicken homogenates (28.60 ± 2.42 mg/dL) and fish homogenates (26.39 ± 1.63). However, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the vitamin C levels between the fish and chicken homogenates. The fish and chicken homogenate showed significant dose-dependent DPPH radical inhibiting capacities, inhibiting 17.55 ± 3.71% and 16.61 ± 2.22% of DPPH at a concentration of 15 mg/mL compared to the meat homogenate which inhibited 11.68 ± 1.78% at the same concentration. The IC50 of superoxide anion radical inhibition was found to be significantly lower (p<0.05) for the chicken and meat homogenate compared to the fish homogenate. From this experiment it can be postulated that fish and beef have a higher antioxidant levels compared to chicken and could be better source of functional foods.
Statistical Comparative Study of the Trend and Variation of Meteorological Parameters in Abeokuta, South-West Nigeria
Authors: Sodunke M. A. , Sulaimon M. O. , Sunmonu R. S. , Mabosanyinje A. , Lawal Y. B. , Oseni K. J. , Oni O. O. 
Published: August 2019

This study focuses on the statistical comparative study of the trend and variation of meteorological parameters covering a 10 year period (2001-2010) in the capital and largest city of Ogun State, Abeokuta, southwest region of Nigeria. The analyzed meteorological parameters were: wind speed, vapour pressure, relative humidity, temperature, sunshine and rainfall covering 10 years. The calculated coefficient of variation (CV) for sunshine (22.78%), wind speed (21.55%), and rainfall (99.12%) is a proof of exceedance of variability of threshold of 10% while the CV calculated for air temperature (5.74%), relative humidity (4.52%) and vapour pressure (5.22%) show no significant variability. Significance test of meteorological parameters’ trend reveals a notable reduction in the values of vapour pressure, air temperature and relative humidity. It is, however, difficult to argue for a well-defined change in most of the meteorological parameters based on the monthly time series analyses performed in this work. Only wind speed shows a statistically significant increasing trend during the period of observation at 1% significance level. The trend revealed by rainfall and sunshine is statistically not significant. ANOVA test of significant difference among meteorological parameters show a p-value (Sig.) of 0.000 is an indication of the significant difference in the analyzed mean monthly coefficient of variation for the meteorological parameters under study. The Tukey’s multiple pair comparisons test, however, show that there is a significant difference between the mean monthly CV of rainfall–sunshine, rainfall-vapour pressure, rainfall-wind speed, rainfall-air temperature and rainfall-relative humidity. At the significance level of 5%, the calculated mean monthly CV of rainfall is significantly different from the mean monthly CV of other climatic parameters.