bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of oocyte mRNA localization patterns in sterlet Acipenser ruthenus and African clawed frog Xenopus laevis
Authors: Pocherniaieva Kseniia , Sidova Monika , Havelka Milos , Saito Taiju , Psenicka Martin , Sindelka Radek , Kaspar Vojtech 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn oocytes, RNA localization has critical implications, as assembly of proteins in particular subcellular domains is crucial to embryo development. The distribution of mRNA molecules can identify and characterize localized transcripts. The goal of this study was to clarify the origin of primordial germ cells in the oocyte body plan and to reveal the generation of cell lineages by localized RNAs. The distribution of 12 selected mRNAs in sterlet Acipenser ruthenus oocytes was investigated by qPCR tomography and compared with known patterns of mRNA localization in Xenopus laevis. We investigated the distribution of two gene clusters in the ooplasm along the animal–vegetal axis of the sturgeon oocyte, both of which showed clearly defined intracellular gradient pattern remarkably similar to their distribution in the frog oocyte. We elucidated the localization of sturgeon egg germplasm markers belonging to the vegetal group of mRNAs. The mRNAs coding otx1, wnt11, and veg1 found to be localized in the sturgeon animal hemisphere are, in contrast, distributed in the vegetal hemisphere in amphibian. Actinopterygii and Sarcopterygii, two major lineages of osteichthyan vertebrates, split about 476 Ma (Blair & Hedges, ), albeit basal lineages share conserved biological features. Acipenseriformes is one the most basal living lineages of Actinopterygii, having evolved about 200 Ma (Bemis, Birstein, & Waldman, ), contemporaneous with modern amphibians (Roelants et al., ).
Do chitons have a brain? New evidence for diversity and complexity in the polyplacophoran central nervous system
Authors: Sumner‐Rooney Lauren , Sigwart Julia D. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMolluscs demonstrate astonishing morphological diversity, and the relationships among clades have been debated for more than a century. Molluscan nervous systems range from simple ‘ladder‐like’ cords to the complex brains of cephalopods. Chitons (Polyplacophora) are assumed to retain many molluscan plesiomorphies, lacking neural condensation and ganglionic structure, and therefore a brain. We reconstructed three‐dimensional anatomical models of the nervous system in eight species of chitons in an attempt to clarify chiton neuroarchitecture and its variability. We combined new data with digitised historic slide material originally used by malacologist Johannes Thiele (1860–1935). Reconstructions of whole nervous systems in Acanthochitona fascicularis, Callochiton septemvalvis, Chiton olivaceus, Hemiarthrum setulosum, Lepidochitona cinerea, Lepidopleurus cajetanus and Leptochiton asellus, and the anterior nervous system of Schizoplax brandtii, demonstrated consistent and substantial anterior neural concentration in the circumoesophageal nerve ring. This is further organised into three concentric tracts, corresponding to the lateral, ventral and cerebral nerve cords. These represent homologues to the three main pairs of ganglia in other molluscs. Their relative size, shape and organisation are highly variable among the examined taxa, but consistent with previous studies of select species, and we formulated a set of neuroanatomical characters for chitons. These support anatomical transitions at the ordinal and subordinal levels; the identification of robust homologies in neural architecture will be central to future comparisons across Mollusca and, more broadly, Lophotrochozoa. Contrary to almost all previous descriptions, the size and structure of the chiton anterior nerve ring unambiguously qualify it as a true brain with cordal substructure.
Prograded coastal barriers provide paleoenvironmental records of storms and sea level during late Quaternary highstands
Authors: Dougherty Amy J. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTRecords of past shoreline evolution, storm impacts, and variations in sea level are essential to accurately assess the vulnerability of beaches to future climate change. Prograded sandy barriers provide the opportunity to utilize our understanding of coastal dynamics documented over decades to determine storm impacts over centuries and sea‐level change over millennia. Composite coastal barriers that have prograded throughout the Pleistocene and Holocene maintain, within their stratigraphy, a record of shoreline evolution extending back to when sea level was known to be higher than today (Marine Isotope Stage or MIS 5e), including high‐energy events during these late Quaternary highstands. This study utilizes ground‐penetrating radar to image the facies architecture of a composite barrier system in Bream Bay, New Zealand. The resulting stratigraphic record mapped paleo‐beachfaces with decimeter resolution spanning ∼5 kilometers from the active shoreline, bridging timescales of coastal evolution over orders of magnitude. Charting the elevation of the beachfaces provides evidence of overall sea‐level falls from +5 to +2 m above present in the Pleistocene and from a ∼2‐m mid‐Holocene highstand. Sixty paleo‐beachfaces with distinct storm‐related signatures are identified within the Pleistocene morphostratigraphy. In the past ∼6,000 years 25 major storm events were recorded, giving an average period between events of ∼230 years. These unprecedented data provide insight, as well as input to forecasting models, needed to mitigate and manage future impacts of global warming.
The fragility of statistically significant findings from randomized trials in head and neck surgery
Authors: Noel Christopher W. , McMullen Caitlin , Yao Christopher , Monteiro Eric , Goldstein David P. , Eskander Antoine , de Almeida John R. 
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesThe Fragility Index (FI) is a novel tool for evaluating the robustness of statistically significant findings in a randomized control trial (RCT). It measures the number of events upon which statistical significance depends. We sought to calculate the FI scores for RCTs in the head and neck cancer literature where surgery was a primary intervention.Data SourcesPotential articles were identified in PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, and Cochrane without publication date restrictions.Review MethodsTwo reviewers independently screened eligible RCTs reporting at least one dichotomous and statistically significant outcome. The data from each trial were extracted and the FI scores were calculated. Associations between trial characteristics and FI were determined.ResultsIn total, 27 articles were identified. The median sample size was 67.5 (interquartile range [IQR] = 42–143) and the median number of events per trial was 8 (IQR = 2.25–18.25). The median FI score was 1 (IQR = 0–2.5), meaning that changing one patient from a nonevent to an event in the treatment arm would change the result to a statistically nonsignificant result, or P > .05. The FI score was less than the number of patients lost to follow‐up in 71% of cases. The FI score was found to be moderately correlated with P value (ρ = −0.52, P = .007) and with journal impact factor (ρ = 0.49, P = .009) on univariable analysis. On multivariable analysis, only the P value was found to be a predictor of FI score (P = .001).ConclusionsRandomized trials in the head and neck cancer literature where surgery is a primary modality are relatively nonrobust statistically with low FI scores. Laryngoscope, 128:2094–2100, 2018
Red and Near‐Infrared Light‐Cleavable Polymers
Authors: Zeng Xiaolong , Zhou Xuechang , Wu Si 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPhotocleavable polymers have attracted much attention in drug delivery, photopatterning, and controlling cell behavior. Photolysis is usually induced by UV light. However, UV light cannot penetrate deeply into biological tissue and may damage biological components. Therefore, conventional UV‐light‐cleavable polymers are problematic for deep‐tissue biomedical applications. In this feature article, red and near‐infrared light‐cleavable polymers are reviewed, and their potential applications are highlighted. The remaining challenges in the field of photocleavable polymers are discussed.
Progress on Catalytic Systems Used in Click Polymerization
Authors: Li Baixue , Huang Die , Qin Anjun , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractClick polymerization, a powerful synthetic technique to construct polymers with unique structures and advanced functions, is of crucial importance in the areas of polymer and material sciences. A variety of click polymerizations such as azide‐alkyne, thiol‐yne, amino‐yne, and hydroxyl‐yne reactions have been established, wherein the catalytic systems play an indispensable role in realizing these highly practical reactions based on triple‐bond building blocks, as they directly influence the efficiencies of the click polymerizations and the performances of the resultant polymers. The vital employment of catalysts is reviewed and their developments from innovative discoveries to the eminent position are outlined. Moreover, the challenges and perspectives in this area are also briefly discussed.
Synthesis of LDPE Using Pyridineimine‐Based Nickel (II) Bromide Complexes: Effect of Catalyst Bulkiness on Thermal, Structural, and Morphological Properties
Authors: Mogheiseh Mohsen , Zohuri Gholam Hossein , Khoshsefat Mostafa 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA series of pyridine‐imine [N‐N] ligands are efficiently prepared through the condensation reaction of ketone/aldehyde precursor and synthesized aniline. The ligands (Ln, n = 1–4) and corresponding nickel complexes (Cn, n = 1–4) are characterized and used for polymerization of ethylene in the presence of modified methylaluminoxane as cocatalyst. The produced low density polyethylenes show at least 21 branches per 1000 carbon atoms with Mv values up to 80.0 × 104. Aldimino‐based catalyst is more active than the analogue catalyst, although, ketimines result in polyethylene with higher Mv. Nevertheless, the product of aldimino‐based catalyst indicates the highest melting point of 132.3 °C but ketimine exhibits the highest crystallinity of 32.98% at the same polymerization conditions. Specific morphologies including smooth spherical and irregular porous particles are observed for some polymer samples. However, at high polymerization temperatures and different monomer pressures, different morphologies as well as two melting point peaks are observed in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and differential scanning calorimeter thermograms, respectively.
An analytic expression for the ultimate intrinsic SNR in a uniform sphere
Authors: Lee Hong‐Hsi , Sodickson Daniel K. , Lattanzi Riccardo 
Published: April 2018

PurposeThe ultimate intrinsic signal‐to‐noise ratio (UISNR) is normally calculated using electrodynamic simulations with a complete basis of modes. Here, we provide an exact solution for the UISNR at the center of a dielectric sphere and assess how accurately this solution approximates UISNR away from the center.MethodsWe performed a mode analysis to determine which modes contribute to central UISNR –
. We then derived an analytic expression to calculate
and analyzed its dependence on main magnetic field strength, sample geometry, and electrical properties. We validated the proposed solution against an established method based on dyadic Green's function simulations.ResultsOnly one divergence‐free mode contributes to
. The UISNR given by the exact solution matched the full simulation results for various parameter settings, whereas calculation speed was approximately 1000 times faster. We showed that the analytic expression can approximate the UISNR with <5% error at positions as much as 10–20% of the radius away from the center.ConclusionThe proposed formula enables rapid and direct calculation of UISNR in the central region of a sphere. The resulting UISNR value may be used, for example, as an absolute reference to assess the performance of head coils with spherical phantoms.
Optimized respiratory‐resolved motion‐compensated 3D Cartesian coronary MR angiography
Authors: Correia Teresa , Ginami Giulia , Cruz Gastão , Neji Radhouene , Rashid Imran , Botnar René M. , Prieto Claudia 
Published: April 2018

PurposeTo develop a robust and efficient reconstruction framework that provides high‐quality motion‐compensated respiratory‐resolved images from free‐breathing 3D whole‐heart Cartesian coronary magnetic resonance angiography (CMRA) acquisitions.MethodsRecently, XD‐GRASP (eXtra‐Dimensional Golden‐angle RAdial Sparse Parallel MRI) was proposed to achieve 100% scan efficiency and provide respiratory‐resolved 3D radial CMRA images by exploiting sparsity in the respiratory dimension. Here, a reconstruction framework for Cartesian CMRA imaging is proposed, which provides respiratory‐resolved motion‐compensated images by incorporating 2D beat‐to‐beat translational motion information to increase sparsity in the respiratory dimension. The motion information is extracted from interleaved image navigators and is also used to compensate for 2D translational motion within each respiratory phase. The proposed Optimized Respiratory‐resolved Cartesian Coronary MR Angiography (XD‐ORCCA) method was tested on 10 healthy subjects and 2 patients with cardiovascular disease, and compared against XD‐GRASP.ResultsThe proposed XD‐ORCCA provides high‐quality respiratory‐resolved images, allowing clear visualization of the right and left coronary arteries, even for irregular breathing patterns. Compared with XD‐GRASP, the proposed method improves the visibility and sharpness of both coronaries. Significant differences (p < .05) in visible vessel length and proximal vessel sharpness were found between the 2 methods. The XD‐GRASP method provides good‐quality images in the absence of intraphase motion. However, motion blurring is observed in XD‐GRASP images for respiratory phases with larger motion amplitudes and subjects with irregular breathing patterns.ConclusionA robust respiratory‐resolved motion‐compensated framework for Cartesian CMRA has been proposed and tested in healthy subjects and patients. The proposed XD‐ORCCA provides high‐quality images for all respiratory phases, independently of the regularity of the breathing pattern.
A novel triggering condition of event‐triggered control based on heuristic dynamic programming for discrete‐time systems
Authors: Wang Ziyang , Wei Qinglai , Liu Derong 
Published: April 2018

SummaryIn this paper, an event‐triggered heuristic dynamic programming algorithm for discrete‐time nonlinear systems with a novel triggering condition is studied. Different from traditional heuristic dynamic programming algorithms, the control law in this algorithm will only be updated when the triggering condition is satisfied to reduce the computational burden. Three neural networks are employed, which are model network, action network, and critic network. Model functions, control laws, and value functions are estimated using neural networks, respectively. The main contribution of this algorithm is the novel triggering condition with simpler form and fewer assumptions. Additionally, a proof of the stability for discrete‐time systems using Lyapunov technique is given. Finally, two simulations are shown to verify the effectiveness of the developed algorithm.
Clinical experience with multigene carrier panels in the reproductive setting
Authors: Terhaar Catherine , Teed Nicole , Allen Rachel , Dohany Lindsay , Settler Christina , Holland Carol , Longman Ryan E. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectivesExpanded carrier testing is acknowledged as an acceptable strategy for carrier testing by the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Limited studies have investigated positivity rates of expanded carrier panels. We describe our experience with 3 commercial laboratory panels varying in size from 3 to 218 disorders.MethodsWe reviewed outcomes for 3 multigene carrier screening panels: trio (3 diseases), standard (23 diseases), and global (218 diseases). All panels used targeted genotype analysis of preselected mutations via next‐generation sequencing. We calculated positivity rates for each panel.ResultsPositivity rates were 7.2% for Preparent Trio, 13.2% for Preparent Standard, and 35.8% for Preparent Global. The most frequent positive results in the global panel were (in descending order): abnormal hemoglobin electrophoresis, familial Mediterranean fever, cystic fibrosis, fragile X, glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, alpha‐thalassemia, and nonsyndromic hearing loss.ConclusionsWhile genetic diseases are individually rare, they are cumulatively common. Our experience illustrates that, with a panel of 218 diseases, the likelihood of identifying a carrier can be as high as 36%. Understanding panel positivity rates is one important factor for providers when choosing the right test for their practice, setting appropriate expectations for patients, and planning for follow‐up counseling.
Fetal sex determination in twin pregnancies using cell free fetal DNA analysis
Authors: Milan Miguel , Mateu Emilia , Blesa David , Clemente‐Ciscar Monica , Simon Carlos 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjective(s)We sought to develop an accurate sex classification method in twin pregnancies using data obtained from a standard commercial non‐invasive prenatal test.Study DesignA total of 706 twin pregnancies were included in this retrospective analytical data study. Normalized chromosome values for chromosomes X and Y were used and adapted into a sex‐score to predict fetal sex in each fetus, and results were compared with the clinical outcome at birth.ResultsOutcome information at birth for sex chromosomes was available for 232 twin pregnancies. From these, a total of 173 twin pregnancies with a Y chromosome identified in non‐invasive pregnancy testing were used for the development of a predictive model. Global accuracy for sex classification in the testing set with 51 samples was 0.98 (95% confidence interval [0.90,0.99]), with a specificity and sensitivity of 1 (95% confidence interval [0.82,1.00]) and 0.97 (95% confidence interval [0.84,0.99]), respectively.ConclusionWhile non‐invasive prenatal testing is a screening method and confirmatory results must be obtained by ultrasound or genetic diagnosis, the sex‐score determination presented herein offers an accurate and useful approach to characterizing fetus sex in twin pregnancies in a non‐invasive manner early on in pregnancy.
Parent and teacher satisfaction with school‐based psychological reports
Authors: Rahill Stephanie A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSchool psychologists spend a great deal of time translating assessment results into a psychoeducational report. The importance of creating reports that are both useful and understandable to the readers of the report while also being efficient for the school psychologist cannot be overstated. This study examines parent and teacher perceptions regarding the quality, understandability, and usefulness of school‐based psychological reports. Results of the surveys indicate that both parents and teachers perceive psychological reports as focusing more on tests and test scores as opposed to information that helps to understand the child or assists with intervention development. Strategies for upgrading reports to better meet the needs of parent and teacher readers are discussed.
Longitudinal examination of family efficacy following pediatric stem cell transplant
Authors: Tillery Rachel , Joffe Naomi E. , Mara Constance A. , Davies Stella M. , Pai Ahna L.H. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectivePediatric stem cell transplant (pSCT) is emotionally demanding for families. Yet, we know little of how the family unit responds to the adversity of pSCT within the first year after transplant. Family efficacy, an indicator of family resilience, is linked to positive parent, child, and family adjustment. Better understanding the factors that promote family efficacy during this difficult time could inform modifiable intervention targets and improve child and parent adjustment. The primary objectives were to examine patterns of family efficacy beliefs and identify factors that promote or hinder family efficacy.MethodsNinety caregivers (71% white, 7% black, 3% Hispanic, 4% Asian, 14% multiple ethnicities) of children receiving pSCT completed demographic forms, the Psychosocial Assessment Tool, and the Filial Parental and Collective Family Efficacy Beliefs scale prior to the family's discharge, and 1, 3, 6, and 9 months post‐discharge. Latent growth curve modeling was used to examine family efficacy across time. Parent, child, and sibling distress, social support, and demographic factors served as predictors.ResultsLatent growth curve modeling demonstrated that family efficacy was stable for 9 months post pSCT discharge. Social support was positively related to family efficacy beliefs. No other variables predicted family efficacy.ConclusionMost families perceive themselves as resilient following pSCT. Social relationships and support are critical in maintaining a family's sense of efficacy during the arduous pSCT course.
Association between information provision and supportive care needs among ovarian cancer survivors: A cross‐sectional study from the PROFILES registry
Authors: Rietveld Mark J.A. , Husson Olga , Vos M.C. (Caroline) , van de Poll‐Franse Lonneke V. , Ottevanger P.B. (Nelleke) , Ezendam Nicole P.M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association between satisfaction with perceived information provision during diagnosis and treatment and supportive care needs in ovarian cancer survivors.MethodsIn 2012, women (n = 348) diagnosed with ovarian cancer, as registered between 2000 and 2010 in the Netherlands Cancer Registry, received a questionnaire including questions on the perceived level of, and satisfaction with, information received (EORTC QLQ‐INFO25) and supportive care needs (Cancer Survivors' Unmet Needs Measure).ResultsOf 348 women, 191 (55%) responded. Of all participants, 35% were not satisfied (n = 65) with the perceived amount of information received. Participants who were satisfied with the amount of information reported significantly higher levels of perceived information on disease, medical tests, treatment, and other services. Patients not satisfied with information provision had a higher total number of needs and a higher number of unmet needs than women satisfied with information provision. Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that satisfaction with information provision was negatively associated with the total number of unmet needs (β = −0.20, P = .03) after adjustment for potential confounding clinical and sociodemographic factors.ConclusionOvarian cancer survivors satisfied with the information provision during treatment reported fewer unmet needs during survivorship. Optimization of information provision for ovarian cancer patients during initial diagnosis and treatment may contribute to a decrease in unmet needs during survivorship.