bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individual short‐acting opioids and the risk of opioid‐related adverse events in adolescents
Authors: Chung Cecilia P. , Callahan Stephen Todd , Cooper William O. , Dupont William D. , Murray Katherine T. , Franklin Andrew D. , Hall Kathi , Dudley Judith A. , Stein Charles Michael , Ray Wayne A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPurposeHydrocodone, codeine, oxycodone, and tramadol are frequently prescribed to adolescents for moderate pain related to minor trauma or dental, surgical, or medical procedures. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic differences between these opioids could affect their relative safety. We aimed to compare occurrence of opioid‐related adverse events in adolescents without cancer or other severe conditions taking hydrocodone, codeine, oxycodone, and tramadol.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of 201 940 Tennessee Medicaid enrollees 12 to 17 years of age without cancer, other severe conditions, or evidence of substance abuse with 529 731 filled prescriptions for study opioids. Adverse events were defined as an emergency department visit, hospital admission, or death related to opioid use, confirmed by medical record review. Serious events had opioid‐related escalation of care, hospitalization, or death. Propensity‐score adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated with hydrocodone as the reference category.ResultsThe incidence of opioid‐related adverse events per 10 000 person‐years of opioid exposure was 97.5 for hydrocodone (127 events/13 026 person‐years), 91.2 for codeine (58/6,359), 229.7 for oxycodone (43/1,872), and 317.7 for tramadol (47/1479). The HRs for tramadol in comparison with hydrocodone for all and serious events were 2.98 (2.03‐4.39) and 2.94 (1.81‐4.75), respectively. Increased risk for tramadol was consistently present when the adverse events were restricted to those with neurologic‐respiratory depression/other symptoms of possible overdose.ConclusionIn adolescents without cancer or other severe conditions prescribed short‐acting opioids, the incidence of both all opioid‐related adverse events and more serious events with opioid‐related escalation of care, hospitalization, or death was consistently greater for tramadol than for hydrocodone.
The Polymer Physics of Multiscale Charge Transport in Conjugated Systems
Authors: Gu Kaichen , Loo Yueh‐Lin 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTConjugated polymers are promising candidates for next‐generation low‐cost flexible electronics. Field‐effect transistors comprising conjugated polymers have witnessed significant improvements in device performance, notably the field‐effect mobility, in the last three decades. However, to truly make these materials commercially competitive, a better understanding of charge‐transport mechanisms in these structurally heterogeneous systems is needed for providing systematic guides for further improvements. This review assesses the key microstructural features of conjugated polymers across multiple length scales that can influence charge transport, with special attention given to the underlying polymer physics. The mechanistic understanding from collective experimental and theoretical studies point to the importance of interconnected ordered domains given the macromolecular nature of the polymeric semiconductors. Based on the criterion, optimization to improve charge transport can be broadly characterized by efforts to (a) promote intrachain transport, (b) establish intercrystallite connectivity, and (c) enhance interchain coupling. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys.2019, 57, 1559–1571
Cognitive performance of breast cancer survivors in daily life: Role of fatigue and depressed mood
Authors: Small Brent J. , Jim Heather S.L. , Eisel Sarah L. , Jacobsen Paul B. , Scott Stacey B. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveCancer and its treatment are associated with long‐term cognitive deficits. However, most studies of cancer patients have used traditional, office‐based cognitive evaluations instead of assessing patients in their daily lives. Recent research in cognitive aging suggests that variability in performance may be a sensitive indicator of cognitive decline. Using ecological momentary assessment (EMA), we examined cognitive variability among breast cancer survivors and evaluated whether ratings of fatigue and depressed mood were associated with cognition.MethodsParticipants were 47 women (M age = 53.3 years) who completed treatment for early stage breast cancer 6 to 36 months previously. Smartphones were preloaded with cognitive tests measuring processing speed, executive functioning, and memory, as well as rating scales for fatigue and depressed mood. Participants were prompted five times per day over a 14‐day period to complete EMA cognitive tasks and fatigue and depressed mood ratings.ResultsCognitive variability was observed across all three EMA cognitive tasks. Processing speed responses were slower at times that women rated themselves as more fatigued than their average (P < .001). Ratings of depressed mood were not associated with cognition.ConclusionsThis study is the first to report cognitive variability in the daily lives of women treated for breast cancer. Performance was worse on a measure of processing speed at times when a woman rated her fatigue as greater than her own average. The ability to identify moments when cognition is most vulnerable may allow for personalized interventions to be applied at times when they are most needed.
Reliable fusion estimation over sensor networks with outliers and energy constraints
Authors: Xie Meiling , Ding Derui , Dong Hongli , Han Qing‐Long , Wei Guoliang 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThis paper provides a reliable fusion scheme over sensor networks subject to abnormal measurements and energy constraints. Two kinds of channels are employed to implement the information transmission in order to extend the lifetime. Specifically, the one has the merit of high reliability by sacrificing energy cost and the other reduces the energy cost but could result in packet loss. For the addressed problem, a χ2 detection in local state estimator is first designed to remove abnormal measurements, which could come from outliers or a malicious modification by attackers. Then, a new strategy is developed to compensate the lost local estimation transmitted by low‐reliable channels. Furthermore, by view of matrix operation and probability theory, a set of recursive formulas are developed to calculate desired error covariance matrices of local state estimation, compensated state estimation as well as fusion estimation. The optimal fusion weights are obtained analytically and the advantage of fusion estimation is disclosed by resorting to these covariance matrices. Finally, a numerical example is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Studies on Electrochemical Generation of Ceric Ions in Nitric Acid Medium
Authors: Mishra Satyabrata , Krishnan Sini , Lawrence Falix , Rao Ch Jagadeeswara , Pandey Niranjan Kumar 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCerous/ceric redox couple is considered as a potential Mediated Electro Oxidative (MEO) catalyst in the electro‐oxidative dissolution of difficult‐to‐dissolve trans‐uranic elements in the concentrated nitric acid medium. The electrochemical oxidation behavior of CeIIIin 11.5 M HNO3was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) using two different working electrodes platinum (Pt) and glassy carbon (GC) at 298 K. At higher acidity, cerous to ceric oxidation on GC working electrode was found to be a reversible process contrary to a quasi‐reversible observed at Pt working electrode. To compare the current efficiency in electrochemical cells for the oxidation of CeIIIions, lab and bench scale oxidation of 0.05 and 0.5 M CeIIIin 11.5 M nitric acid was performed in divided and undivided cell assemblies using Pt electroplated Ti (PET) or pure Pt gauze as anodes. Almost 100% yield for CeIVcould be achieved in divided cells and under identical conditions; the conversion efficiency was 30% lower in undivided cells. These studies revealed the concentration dependence of CeIIIbesides cell potential and temperature on the rate of oxidation.
Eco‐Friendly Approach to Synthesize Selenium Nanoparticles: Photocatalytic Degradation of Sunset Yellow Azo Dye and Anticancer Activity
Authors: Hassanien Reda , Abed‐Elmageed Amro A. I. , Husein Dalal Z. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis report has two principal goals. First, to synthesis Se nanoparticles (Se‐NPLs) via a green approach. Secondly, to explore the photocatalytic activity of Se‐NPLs towards the decolorization of sunset yellow (SSY) azo‐dye and to test its activity against some types of human cancers. Green synthesis of Se‐NPLs from the leaf extracts of Drumstick was developed. Bio‐synthesized Se‐NPLs were characterized using FTIR, UV‐vis, photoluminescence (PL), X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive analysis X‐ray (EDAX) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. The UV‐vis absorption maximum between 200 and 400 nm was due to the formation of SPR of Se‐NPLs. FTIR revealed the Se‐NPLs were synthesized, capped and stabilized with bio‐molecules present in the plant extracts. Se‐NPLs exhibited an excitation peak at 399 nm and produced an emission peak at 599 nm. EDAX profile provided a signal of atomic Se (1.45 Kev). XRD confirmed the crystalline nature of Se‐NPLs. SEM and TEM observations show that spherical Se particles appeared with diameters ranging from 23 to 35 nm. A possible mechanism of the reduction of (SeO32−) to (Se0) was discussed. The electrical conductivity was measured with temperature and the activation energy was calculated. The photocatalytic study conducted that Se‐NPLs have the efficiency to degrade sunset yellow dye and the mechanism of degradation has been proposed. Se‐NPLs have been shown to be effective against three types of human cancers (Caco‐2 cells, HepG2 cells, and Mcf‐7 cells). Se‐NPLs are potent anticancer and inhibit the growth of the three cancer cells as indicated by the IC50 values. To conclude, the green‐synthesized Se‐NPLs may be a candidate for further evaluation as a chemotherapeutic agent for some human cancer treatment.
Metal‐Free One‐Pot Conversion of Olefins and Alkynes to Amides Using TsNBr2, I2 and Aqueous NH3 at Room Temperature
Authors: Loukrakpam Dineshwori Chanu , Phukan Prodeep 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA new synthetic procedure has been developed for the synthesis of primary aromatic amide from different types of styrene and phenylacetylene using TsNBr2, I2–aqueous NH3 solution at room temperature. The reaction proceeds via the formation of α‐bromoketone & α,α‐dibromoketone as intermediate from styrene and phenylacetylene respectively in the presence of TsNBr2 at the initial stage of the reaction. Subsequent treatement of the reaction mixturewith molecular iodine and aq. NH3 (25%) produces the corresponding amide. Various primary aromatic amides were obtained in appriciable yield at room temperature.
Synthesis, Physical Chemistry, Molecular Docking, Bioactivities and Antioxidant Activity of α–Amino Phosphonates Based on Phenothiazine Using PEG–400 as Green Catalyst
Authors: An Tran Nguyen Minh , Alam Mahboob , Son Nguyen Van , Cuong Nguyen Van , Quang Nguyen Minh , Tri Mai Dinh , Tan Le Van 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe analog α–amino phosphates (5 a–j) based on phenothiazine were synthesized, characterized and tested for their anti‐microbial and antioxidant activities. Among the target compounds, (5 a–j), the compounds (5 c) and (5 i) indicated the potential activity against Staphylococcus aureus bacterium at the concentration of 100 μM. Compound (5e) showed good activity against the 100 μM Candida albicans fungi while compound (5 g) showed excellent activity against 25 μM Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungi. In addition, molecular docking study was used to establish the interactive binding behavior of (5 g) within the active site of the target protein (PDB:3 A4 A). Among the tested compounds (5 a–j), the compound (5 f) indicated the highest antioxidant activity, IC50 2.19 μM, antioxidant activity greater than that of ascorbic acid and lower than that of the drug BHT. In particular, PEG–400 (Polythylene glycol 400 g mol−1) was used in the Kabachnik‐Fields reaction as a green reaction medium.
Cu doped ZIF Catalyzed Synthesis of Propargyl Amines with Quaternary Carbon Center Under Solvent Free Conditions
Authors: Ramesh Pambala , Reddy Marri Sameer , Madduluri Venkata Rao , Chowan L. Raju , Kumar Nandigama Satish 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHere we report catalytic application of Cu doped ZIF‐8 in synthesis of propargylamines bearing a quaternary center. The developed solvent free protocol has shown good substrate scope and the catalyst has performed well in the recyclability experiment with negligible loss in catalytic efficiency after four catalytic cycles.
Estimation of Thermodynamic Properties of Metal Hydroborates
Authors: Hagemann Hans 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMetal hydroborates from M(BH4)n to Mx(B12H12)y currently attract a strong interest for potential applications in the field of hydrogen storage and more recently as solid ionic conductors. While thermodynamic data for the alkali borohydrides (MBH4) are well known, experimental data for other compounds are cruelly lacking. Using a combination of theoretical (DFT) and experimental data, we calculate the lattice enthalpy for a series of borohydrides. The comparison with literature data show that these lattice enthalpies are very similar to those of the corresponding metal bromides. This similarity is at the origin of a good correlation between the formation enthalpy of bromides and borohydrides which is then used to estimate the previously unknown formation enthalpy of MII(BH4)2 (MII=divalent cation) and Ln(BH4)3 (Ln=lanthanide). The Gibbs free energy of formation of M2(B12H12) (M=alkali metal) is also estimated.
Effect of Functional Group on Electrical Switching Behaviour of an Imidazole Derivative in Langmuir‐Blodgett Film
Authors: Dey Bapi , Suklabaidya Sudip , Majumdar Swapan , Paul Pabitra Kumar , Bhattacharjee Debajyoti , Hussain Syed Arshad 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHere we report the design and synthesis of an imidazole derivative namely 1‐benzyl‐2,4,5‐triaryl imidazole (compound 2) and its switching behaviour assembled onto Langmuir‐Blodgett (LB) films. Monolayer characteristic of compound 2 at the air‐ water interface has been studied by surface pressure vs area per molecule (π – A) isotherm, hysteresis analysis and in‐situ Brewster Angle Microscopy (BAM). These studies indicated the formation of stable floating Langmuir film at the water subphase. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) investigation confirmed the successful deposition of the Langmuir film onto solid substrate. Device consisted of 60 layers LB films of 2 showed resistive bipolar switching behaviour irrespective of the first applied bias voltage polarity. Observed bipolar switching has been explained in terms of reduction – oxidation process. Due to the presence of strong reducible group (C=N) in the imidazole core, reduction – oxidation process takes place easily during bias. Presence of sharp reduction and oxidation peaks in the Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) measurement of 2 also supported this hypothesis. Presence of benzyl group with the imidazole core played the crucial rule in the reduction – oxidation process and hence the switching behaviour. When benzyl group was replaced by a ‘–H’ then bipolar switching was not observed. In that case oxidizable group N – H opposed the reduction process during bias. This type of bipolar switching is very promising for future technological applications in organic electronics.
A Cell for Controllable Formation and In Operando Electrochemical Characterization of Intercalation Materials for Aqueous Metal‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Marzak Philipp , Moser Philipp , Schreier Siegfried , Scieszka Daniel , Yun Jeongsik , Schneider Oliver , Bandarenka Aliaksandr S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRecently, aqueous metal‐ion batteries have attracted significant attention, as they can provide rather efficient and safe solutions with regard to large‐scale renewable energy storage applications. However, better fundamental understanding of the electrode and electrolyte materials for these devices is necessary to advance their performance. The research methodology for well‐known types of batteries, such as lithium‐ion batteries, relies on numerous available cell designs and protocols. Fundamental research in the field of aqueous metal‐ion batteries, on the contrary, still requires the development of new, original, and versatile cells as well as procedures to improve the efficiency and informative power of experiments. In this work, a concept for the research cell design dedicated to the aqueous metal‐ion batteries is presented, enabling advanced electrochemical characterization of model electrode materials (including the mass changes of the active electrodes). Electrodes based on Prussian blue analogs, which are state‐of‐the‐art electrode materials for aqueous Na‐ion batteries, are used to demonstrate the concept.
Bioinspired Bilayer Structural Color Hydrogel Actuator with Multienvironment Responsiveness and Survivability
Authors: Zhang Zhuohao , Chen Zhuoyue , Wang Yu , Chi Junjie , Wang Yuetong , Zhao Yuanjin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractInspired by the actuator mechanism of Venus flytrap leaves, presented is a bilayer structural color hydrogel actuator by employing a hybrid inverse opal scaffold to join the poly(acrylic acid‐co‐acrylamide) layer and the poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) layer together. The nanostructure of the inverse opal scaffold imparts the bilayer hydrogel with brilliant structural color, which can show a reversible coloration switch during the structural change. An internal water distribution occurs in the composite bilayer hydrogel during the heating or cooling process because of the opposite thermo‐responsiveness of the two hydrogels. Thus, this intelligent soft material can work in various environments and break the limitation of aqueous media of most structural color hydrogels. In addition, the water transference of the bilayer hydrogel enables the material with bending/unbending deformations and hence a series of complex motions like screwing, catching, and releasing can be achieved. Attractively, with the integrating of graphene oxide, the hydrogel systems can even be imparted with near‐infrared remote responsiveness to both of their color change and 3D deformation. These features of the bioinspired bilayer structural color hydrogel indicate its potential values in a variety of intelligent soft material applications.
Being “nice”: A complex activity among health professionals following a critical incident
Authors: Austin Diana M. , Ferkins Lesley , Swann Jennie , Smythe Elizabeth 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper reports on an action research study to explore the underpinnings of outwardly unsupportive behaviour among health professionals in New Zealand after a critical event and to develop and evaluate a resource to help them recover through mutual care and support. It explores the dynamic nature of the support system, the feedback loops, nonlinearity, underpinning “rules,” and associated behaviour. The tenets of complexity theory are applied to identify characteristics of the system, which, in turn, provide insight into ways of achieving change. The study demonstrates that these health professionals were behaving in ways which they thought were expected, rather than being “nice” to each other: behaviour that was driven by the inherent interrelatedness within an organization or system. This finding not only has significant outcomes for practice but also contributes to a deeper understanding of the emergent nature of complexity theory.
Comparison of a modified and traditional rapid infiltration basin for treatment of nutrients in wastewater effluent
Authors: Cormier Jessica A. , Duranceau Steven J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA traditional rapid infiltration basin (RIB) has been compared to a modified RIB constructed with manufactured biosorption‐activated media (BAM) to evaluate nitrate removal from wastewater effluent. The RIBs are used for reclaimed and excess stormwater disposal. In this work, a mixture of clay, tire crumb, and sand (CTS) was selected to serve as the BAM material (Bold and Gold™ CTS media). Each RIB was constructed with two feet of either sand or BAM, covering more than 43,600 square feet of surface area. Over an eight‐month period, loadings to the BAM RIB and traditional RIB each approximated 5.4 million gallons (MG) per acre. Water samples collected from lysimeters installed below the 2 foot of sand or BAM materials were analyzed for nutrients. Results suggest that under the conditions of the study BAM removed approximately 31% more nitrate–nitrites and total phosphorus than the traditional RIB. Additionally, BAM removed approximately 18% more total nitrogen than the traditional.Practitioner points

Biosorption‐activated media (BAM) removed nitrate–nitrites from reclaimed water more effectively than sand in rapid infiltration basins.

BAM could serve as an alternative media for nutrient removal from water prior to release to the environment.

Total nitrogen removal was most influenced by NOx removal, with a few removals influenced by TKN.

Nutrients could not be effectively removed using BAM or sand from reclaimed water at threshold concentrations below two parts per million.
Existence of long‐time solutions to dynamic problems of viscoelasticity with rate‐and‐state friction
Authors: Pipping Elias 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe establish existence of global solutions to a dynamic problem of bilateral contact between a rigid surface and a viscoelastic body, subject to rate‐and‐state friction. The term rate‐and‐state friction describes friction laws where the friction is rate‐dependent and depends on an additional internal state variable defined on the contact surface. Our mathematical conditions rule out certain slip laws, but do cover the ageing law, and thus at least one of the rate‐and‐state friction laws commonly used in the geoscience.
Adaptive mechanism of Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans CCTCC M 2012104 under stress during bioleaching of low-grade chalcopyrite based on physiological and comparative transcriptomic analysis
Authors: Yin Zongwei , Feng Shoushuai , Tong Yanjun , Yang Hailin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans (A. thiooxidans) is often used for sulfur-bearing ores bioleaching, but its adaptive mechanism to harsh environments remains unclear. Here, we explored the adaptive mechanism of A. thiooxidans in the process of low-grade chalcopyrite bioleaching based on the physiology and comparative transcriptome analysis. It was indicated that A. thiooxidans maintains intracellular pH homeostasis by regulating unsaturated fatty acids, especially cyclopropane fatty acids, intracellular ATP, amino acid metabolism, and antioxidant factors. Comparative transcriptome analysis indicated that the key genes involved in sulfur oxidation, sor and soxABXYZ, were significantly up-regulated, generating more energy to resist extreme environmental stress by more active sulfur metabolism. Confocal laser scanning microscope analysis found that down-regulation of flagellar-related genes was likely to promote the biofilm formation. System-level understanding of leaching microorganisms under extreme stress can contribute to the evolution of these extremophiles via genetic engineering modification work, which further improves bioleaching in future.