bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attitudes towards deprescribing and the influence of health literacy among older Australians
Authors: Gillespie Robyn , Mullan Judy , Harrison Lindsey 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Aim
This study aimed to explore attitudes, beliefs and experiences regarding polypharmacy and discontinuing medications, or deprescribing, among community living older adults aged ≥65 years, using ≥5 medications. It also aimed to investigate if health literacy capabilities influenced attitudes and beliefs towards deprescribing.

Background
Polypharmacy use is common among Australian older adults. However, little is known about their attitudes towards polypharmacy use or towards stopping medications. Previous studies indicate that health literacy levels tend to be lower in older adults, resulting in poor knowledge about medications.

Methods
A self-administered survey was conducted using two previously validated tools; the Patients’ Attitude Towards Deprescribing (PATD) tool to measure attitudes towards polypharmacy use and deprescribing and the All Aspects of Health Literacy Scale (AAHLS) to measure functional, communicative and critical health literacy. Descriptive statistical analysis was conducted.

Findings
The 137 responses showed that 80% thought all their medications were necessary and were comfortable with the number taken. Wanting to reduce the number of medications taken was associated with concerns about the amount taken (P<0.001), experiencing side effects (P<0.001), or believing that one or more medications were no longer needed (P<0.000). Those who were using ten or more medications were more likely to want to reduce the number taken (P=0.019). Most (88%) respondents would be willing to stop medication/s in the context of receiving this advice from their doctor. Willingness to consider stopping correlated with higher scores on the critical health literacy subscale (P<0.021) and overall AAHLS score (P<0.009). Those with higher scores on the overall AAHLS measure were more likely to report that they understood why their medications were prescribed (P<0.000) and were more likely to participate in decision-making (P=0.027). Opportunities to proactively consider deprescribing may be missed, as one third of the respondents could not recall a recent review of their medications.
Evaluation of a Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) based breath intervention for patients with mild-to-moderate depression and anxiety disorders*
Authors: Hamilton-West Kate , Pellatt-Higgins Tracy , Sharief Farnaaz 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Aim
Research identifies a need for expanded therapeutic options for people with mild-to-moderate depression and anxiety disorders treated within the UK National Health Service (NHS). We aimed to examine potential benefits of a Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) based breath intervention delivered in this context.

Background
SKY is a structured programme derived from yoga in which participants are taught relaxation and stress-management techniques including body postures, breathing exercises and cognitive-behavioural procedures. Previous research has demonstrated benefits for patients with clinical and non-clinical depression and anxiety. However, SKY has not yet been evaluated as a therapeutic option for patients accessing NHS primary care mental health services.

Methods
We evaluated an existing programme available to NHS patients in South East England. The intervention is community-based and delivered via four weekly ‘stress buster sessions’ (1-h duration), one weekend intensive workshop (2.5 days) and four weekly (90 min) follow-up sessions. Analyses were conducted on existing data [measures of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9) and anxiety (generalised anxiety disorder-7)] collected as part of routine care, at the start of the programme and three follow-up assessments.

Findings
Baseline data were available for 991 participants, of which 557 (56.2%) attended at least three weekly workshops, 216 (21.8%) attended the weekend workshop and 169 (17.1%) completed the programme. Statistically significant (P<0.05) improvements in depression and anxiety were observed in all three outcome assessments. Clinically meaningful change was observed for 74.6% of participants completing the programme. Findings indicate that SKY has the potential to benefit patient outcomes and could be offered more widely as a therapeutic option. We recommend further research to explore patients’ experiences of the programme, determine the number of sessions necessary for improvement/ recovery, define the population most likely to respond and examine potential cost savings (e.g., reductions in antidepressant prescribing/referrals to secondary care).
Criminal justice profiling and EU data
protection law: precarious protection from
predictive policing
Authors: Lynskey Orla 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper examines the application of the latest
iterations of EU data protection law – in the
General Data Protection Regulation, the Law
Enforcement Directive and the jurisprudence of the
Court of Justice of the EU – to the use of
predictive policing technologies. It suggests that
the protection offered by this legal framework to
those impacted by predictive policing technologies
is, at best, precarious. Whether predictive policing
technologies fall within the scope of the data
protection rules is uncertain, even in light of the
expansive interpretation of these rules by the Court
of Justice of the EU. Such a determination would
require a context-specific assessment that
individuals will be ill-placed to conduct. Moreover,
even should the rules apply, the substantive
protection offered by the prohibition against
automated decision-making can be easily sidestepped
and is subject to significant caveats. Again, this
points to the conclusion that the protection offered
by this framework may be more illusory than real.
This being so, there are some fundamental questions
to be answered – including the question of whether
we should be building predictive policing
technologies at all.
Punitive and preventive justice in an era of profiling, smart prediction and practical preclusion: three key questions
Authors: Beyleveld Deryck , Brownsword Roger 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn the context of a technology-driven algorithmic approach to criminal justice, this paper responds to the following three questions: (1) what reasons are there for treating liberal values and human rights as guiding for punitive justice; (2) is preventive justice comparable to punitive justice (such that the guiding values of the latter should be applied to the former); and (3) what should we make of preventive measures that rely not so much on rules and orders, but on ‘technological management’ (where the preventive strategy is focused on eliminating practical options)? Responding to the first question, a Gewirthian-inspired theory of punishment is sketched – a theory that is, broadly speaking, supportive of liberal values and respect for human rights. What makes this theory apodictic for any human agent is that it demands respect for the very conditions on which any articulation of agency is predicated. With regard to the second question, we indicate how a Gewirthian view of the relationship between punitive and preventive justice supports the logic of referring to the principles that guide the former as a benchmark for the latter; and we suggest some particular principles of preventive justice where the restrictions are targeted at individual agents (whether in their own right or as members of classes). Finally, we suggest that, although technological management of crime changes the complexion of the regulatory environment in ways that might be a challenge to a Gewirthian moral community, it should not be categorically rejected. Crucially, technological management, like other preventive strategies, needs to be integrated into the community's moral narrative and authorised only to the extent that it is compatible with the governing moral principles.
Basement Fault Reactivation by Fluid Injection Into Sedimentary Reservoirs: Poroelastic Effects
Authors: Fan Zhiqiang , Eichhubl Peter , Newell Pania 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTo investigate mechanisms of seismic fault reactivation in crystalline basement in response to fluid injection in overlying sedimentary reservoirs, we conducted three‐dimensional finite element simulations to assess the effects of direct pore pressure communication and indirect poroelastic stress transfer on the change in Coulomb failure stress of favorably oriented faults of varying permeability structure in normal, strike‐slip, and reverse faulting stress regimes. We demonstrate that the direct pore pressure effect transmitted along a hydraulically conductive fault exceeds the indirect poroelastic effect, but alone is insufficient for fault reactivation in the basement. The poroelastic effect on the Coulomb failure stress results from induced normal tractions and, to a lesser extent, from induced shear tractions that relate to the flexing of the fault as the reservoir expands poroelastically with fluid injection. Assuming a higher Biot coefficient for reservoir over basement rock as previously reported, the combined direct pore pressure and indirect poroelastic effects result in reactivation of hydraulically conductive faults in the basement in normal and strike‐slip faulting stress regimes and in the reservoir in reverse faulting regimes. Sealing normal faults that are not preferentially conductive also preferentially reactivate in the reservoir. These findings apply to injection in either hanging or footwall of normal and reverse faults. Reducing the contrast in Biot coefficient between reservoir and basement favors fault reactivation in the reservoir for injection in the footwall in normal faulting stress regimes. These simulations demonstrate that geomechanical models without coupled poroelasticity underestimate the potential of fault reactivation in crystalline basement.
A Spatially Enhanced Data‐Driven Multimodel to Improve Semiseasonal Groundwater Forecasts in the High Plains Aquifer, USA
Authors: Amaranto A. , Munoz‐Arriola F. , Solomatine D. P. , Corzo G. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to improve semiseasonal forecast of groundwater availability in response to climate variables, surface water availability, groundwater level variations, and human water management using a two‐step data‐driven modeling approach. First, we implement an ensemble of artificial neural networks (ANNs) for the 300 wells across the High Plains aquifer (USA). The modeling framework includes a method to choose the most relevant input variables and time lags; an assessment of the effect of exogenous variables on the predictive capabilities of models; and the estimation of the forecast skill based on the Nash‐Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) index, the normalized root mean square error, and the coefficient of determination (R2). Then, for the ANNs with low‐ accuracy, a MultiModel Combination (MuMoC) based on a hybrid of ANN and an instance‐based learning method is applied. MuMoC uses forecasts from neighboring wells to improve the accuracy of ANNs. An exhaustive‐search optimization algorithm is employed to select the best neighboring wells based on the cross correlation and predictive accuracy criteria. The results show high average ANN forecasting skills across the aquifer (average NSE > 0.9). Spatially distributed metrics of performance showed also higher error in areas of strong interaction between hydrometeorological forcings, irrigation intensity, and the aquifer. In those areas, the integration of the spatial information into MuMoC leads to an improvement of the model accuracy (NSE increased by 0.12), with peaks higher than 0.3 when the optimization objectives for selecting the neighbors were maximized.tT
A Proof‐of‐Concept Study of Using a Less Permeable Slice Along the Shoreline to Increase Fresh Groundwater Storage of Oceanic Islands: Analytical and Experimental Validation
Authors: Lu Chunhui , Cao Hongfan , Ma Jing , Shi Wenlong , Rathore Saubhagya Singh , Wu Jichun , Luo Jian 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe propose a new concept that has the potential to mitigate seawater intrusion and increase the fresh groundwater storage of oceanic islands by creating a less permeable slice along the shoreline. We present a proof‐of‐concept study to examine its effectiveness through analytical and experimental studies. Analytical expressions for calculating the freshwater‐seawater interface location, water table elevation, fresh groundwater volume, and groundwater travel time are presented for both barrier and circular islands, which are found dependent on three different scenarios of interface locations. The analytical solution of the interface location in a barrier island is verified through sand‐tank experiments. Sensitivity analyses based on a simplified conceptual model of St. George Island in Florida, USA, indicate that the fresh groundwater volume monotonically increases with the decrease in the hydraulic conductivity of the coastal less permeable hydrogeologic unit. On the other hand, the increase of the coastal less permeable unit extent leads to an increased fresh groundwater volume. However, when the interface tip is on the aquifer bed of the coastal less permeable unit, a further increase of the less permeable unit extent only slightly increases the fresh groundwater volume, since the interface does not change any more and only the water table is elevated. We demonstrate here that the concept proposed has the potential in increasing the fresh groundwater storage of oceanic islands. Analytical expressions presented can improve our understanding of seawater intrusion in a dual‐unit oceanic island.
Characteristics of Rising Tone Whistler Mode Waves Inside the Earth's Plasmasphere, Plasmaspheric Plumes, and Plasmatrough
Authors: Teng S. , Li W. , Tao X. , Shen X.‐C. , Ma Q. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWhistler mode waves, particularly rising tone emissions, are important for nonlinear interactions with energetic electrons in the Earth's magnetosphere. In this letter, we evaluate the characteristics of rising tone whistler mode waves in three distinct regions: (1) inside the plasmasphere, (2) plasmapheric plumes, and (3) plasmatrough (outside the plasmapause). Our statistical results indicate that the occurrence rate of rising tone emissions tends to increase with increasing geomagnetic activity and is highest in plasmaspheric plumes among these three regions. Inside the plasmasphere, rising tone emissions typically occur in the outer portion of the plasmasphere, particularly near the dawnside. Moreover, the rising tone emissions inside the plasmasphere and plumes tend to be more field aligned than those in the plasmatrough. Our new findings of global wave properties of rising tone emissions are critical for understanding the generation of rising tone emissions and their effects on radiation belt electron dynamics.
Observational Evidence for Throat Aurora Being Associated With Magnetopause Reconnection
Authors: Han De‐Sheng , Xu Tong , Jin Yaqi , Oksavik K. , Chen Xiang‐Cai , Liu Jian‐Jun , Zhang Qinghe , Baddeley Lisa , Herlingshaw Katie 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThroat auroras have been suggested to be related to indentations on the subsolar magnetopause. However, the indentation generation process and the resulting ionospheric responses have remained unknown. An EISCAT Svalbard Radar experiment was designed to run with all‐sky cameras, which enabled us for the first time to observe the temporal and spatial evolution of flow reversals, Joule heating, and ion upflows associated with throat aurora. The high‐resolution data enabled us to discriminate that the flow bursts and Joule heating were concurrent and co‐located, but were always observed on the west side of the associated throat auroras, reflecting that the upward/downward field‐aligned currents associated with throat aurora are always to the east/west, respectively. These results are consistent with the geometry of Southwood (1987) flux transfer event model and provide strong evidence for throat aurora being associated with magnetopause reconnection events. The results also support a conceptual model of the throat aurora.
Microglia-derived TNF-α mediates endothelial necroptosis aggravating blood brain–barrier disruption after ischemic stroke
Authors: Chen An-Qi , Fang Zhi , Chen Xiao-Lu , Yang Shuai , Zhou Yi-Fan , Mao Ling , Xia Yuan-Peng , Jin Hui-Juan , Li Ya-Nan , You Ming-Feng , Wang Xu-Xia , Lei Hao , He Quan-Wei , Hu Bo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEndothelium (EC) is a key component of blood–brain barrier (BBB), and has an important position in the neurovascular unit. Its dysfunction and death after cerebral ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury not only promote evolution of neuroinflammation and brain edema, but also increase the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage of thrombolytic therapies. However, the mechanism and specific interventions of EC death after I/R injury are poorly understood. Here we showed that necroptosis was a mechanism underlying EC death, which promoted BBB breakdown after I/R injury. Treatment of rats with receptor interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1)-inhibitor, necrostatin-1 reduced endothelial necroptosis and BBB leakage. We furthermore showed that perivascular M1-like microglia-induced endothelial necroptosis leading to BBB disruption requires tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) secreted by M1 type microglia and its receptor, TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1), on endothelium as the primary mediators of these effects. More importantly, anti-TNFα (infliximab, a potent clinically used drug) treatment significantly ameliorate endothelial necroptosis, BBB destruction and improve stroke outcomes. Our data identify a previously unexplored role for endothelial necroptosis in BBB disruption and suggest infliximab might serve as a potential drug for stroke therapy.
Room temperature hidden state in a manganite observed by time-resolved X-ray diffraction
Authors: Zhang Haijuan , Zhang Yuanyuan , Li Runze , Yu Junxiao , Dong Wenxia , Chen Conglong , Wang Kuidong , Tang Xiaodong , Chen Jie 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRealizing active quantum control of materials near room temperature is one of the ultimate aims for their practical applications. Recent technological breakthroughs demonstrated that optical stimulation may lead to thermally inaccessible hidden states with unique properties. However, most of the reported hidden states were induced around or below liquid nitrogen temperature. Here, we optically manipulated a manganite near its Curie temperature of 300 K, where typically complex phase competitions locate as well as opportunities for new functionality. A room temperature hidden state was formed with threshold behavior evidenced by a femtosecond paramagnetic to ferromagnetic order switching and a structural change distinct from thermal induced lattice expansion in tens of picoseconds accompanying with phonon softening. We propose that such a hidden state originates from the charge transfer between antiferromagnetic chains after strongly correlated spin-charge quantum excitation, which subsequently initiates an orbital polarization rearrangement described as $${\mathrm{Mn}}_{3x^2 - {r}^2/3y^2 - {r}^2}^{3 + }{\mathrm{Mn}}^{4 + } \to {\mathrm{Mn}}^{4 + }{\mathrm{Mn}}_{3z^2 - {r}^2}^{3 + }$$

Mn

3

x

2

-

r

2

∕
3

y

2

-

r

2

3
+

Mn

4
+

→

Mn

4
+

Mn

3

z

2

-

r

2

3
+

and associated non-thermal lattice change. This study started from room temperature yet near a phase transition point, which suggests a new route to create or manipulate novel phases for practical purpose.
Orobol, an Enzyme-Convertible Product of Genistein, exerts Anti-Obesity Effects by Targeting Casein Kinase 1 Epsilon
Authors: Yang Hee , Lee Sang‐Hyuk , Ji Hae , Kim Jong-Eun , Yoo Ra , Kim Jong Hun , Suk Sujin , Huh Chul Sung , Park Jung Han Yoon , Heo Yong-Seok , Shin Han-Seoung , Kim Byung-Gee , Lee Ki Won 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSoy isoflavones, particularly genistein, have been shown to exhibit anti-obesity effects. When compared with the isoflavones genistin, daidzin, coumestrol, genistein, daidzein, 6-o-dihydroxyisoflavone, equol, 3′-o-dihydroxyisoflavone, and 8-o-dihydroxyisoflavone, a remarkably higher inhibitory effect on lipid accumulation was observed for orobol treatment during adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. To identify the cellular target of orobol, its pharmacological effect on 395 human kinases was analyzed. Of the 395 kinases, orobol showed the lowest half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for Casein Kinase 1 epsilon (CK1ε), and bound to this target in an ATP-competitive manner. A computer modeling study revealed that orobol may potentially dock with the ATP-binding site of CK1ε via several hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions. The phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1, a substrate of CK1ε, was inhibited by orobol in isobutylmethylxanthine, dexamethasone and insulin (MDI)-induced 3T3-L1 cells. It was also found that orobol attenuates high fat diet-induced weight gain and lipid accumulation without affecting food intake in C57BL/6J mice. These findings underline orobol’s potential for development as a novel agent for the prevention and treatment of obesity.
Frequency-dependent exacerbation of Alzheimer’s disease neuropathophysiology
Authors: Kastanenka Ksenia V. , Calvo-Rodriguez Maria , Hou Steven S. , Zhou Heng , Takeda Shuko , Arbel-Ornath Michal , Lariviere Amanda , Lee Yee Fun , Kim Alex , Hawkes Jonathan M. , Logan Robert , Feng Danielle , Chen Xiqun , Gomperts Stephen N. , Bacskai Brian J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNeuronal activity patterns are disrupted in neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). One example is disruption of corticothalamic slow oscillations responsible for sleep-dependent memory consolidation. Slow waves are periodic oscillations in neuronal activity occurring at frequencies of <1 Hz. The power, but not the frequency of slow oscillations is altered in a mouse model of AD. Optogenetic rescue of slow oscillations by increasing activity in cortical pyramidal neurons at the frequency of slow waves restores slow wave power, halts deposition of amyloid plaques and prevents neuronal calcium dysregulation. Here we determined whether driving this circuit at an increased rate would exacerbate the amyloid-dependent calcium dyshomeostasis in transgenic mice. Doubling the frequency of slow waves for one month with optogenetics resulted in increased amyloid beta - dependent disruptions in neuronal calcium homeostasis and loss of synaptic spines. Therefore, while restoration of physiological circuit dynamics is sufficient to abrogate the progression of Alzheimer’s disease pathology and should be considered an avenue for clinical treatment of AD patients with sleep disorders, pathophysiological stimulation of neuronal circuits leads to activity - dependent acceleration of amyloid production, aggregation and downstream neuronal dysfunction.