bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Melatonin for the Prevention of Intensive Care Unit Delirium
Authors: Baumgartner Laura , Lam Kalvin , Lai Jonathan , Barnett Mitch , Thompson Ashley , Gross Kendall , Morris Amanda 
Published: January 2019

Study ObjectiveIntensive care unit (ICU) delirium is an acute brain dysfunction that has been associated with increased mortality, prolonged ICU and hospital lengths of stay, and development of post‐ICU cognitive impairment. Melatonin may help to restore sleep and reduce the occurrence of ICU delirium. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of melatonin for the prevention of ICU delirium in critically ill adults.DesignRetrospective, observational cohort study.SettingLarge academic medical center.PatientsA total of 232 adults were included who were admitted to the medical‐surgical or cardiac ICUs between 2013 and 2017 who had a negative Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM‐ICU). Of those, patients who received melatonin for at least 48 hours were included in the melatonin group (n=117). Patients were included in the control group if they were admitted to the ICU for at least 4 days (average time of melatonin initiation) and did not receive melatonin or antipsychotics within the first 4 days of their ICU stay (n=115).Measurements and Main ResultsThe primary outcome was development of delirium, which was assessed by using the CAM‐ICU twice daily by nursing staff. The development of delirium was significantly lower in the melatonin group: 9 (7.7%) versus 28 (24.3%) patients (p = 0.001). This finding remained significant in multivariate logistic models controlling for age, sex, history of hypertension, need for emergent surgery, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, mechanical ventilation, ICU length of stay, dexmedetomidine use, and benzodiazepine use. For those patients who developed delirium, patients in the control group had, on average, 20.9 delirium‐free days without coma in 28 days compared with 19.9 days in the melatonin group (p = 0.72). In the melatonin group, melatonin was used for a mean ± SD of 6.3 ± 7.9 days, with a median dose of 3.5 mg/night (range: 1–10 mg).ConclusionThe development of ICU delirium was significantly lower in the melatonin group compared with that in the control group. To our knowledge, this is one of the only studies that has examined the use of melatonin for the prevention of ICU delirium. Melatonin may be a promising agent for the prevention of ICU delirium; however, a randomized study is needed to further validate its efficacy.
Tuning solar absorption spectra via carbon quantum dots/VAE composite layer and efficiency enhancement for crystalline Si solar module
Authors: Dai Dongyang , Tu Xianjun , Li Xiaoshan , Lv Tiezheng , Han Fei 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this work, fluorescent carbon quantum dots (CQDs) composite transparent film with blue emission was prepared via hydrothermal fabrication, mixing with vinyl acetate‐ethylene (VAE) emulsion, coated and cross‐linked on the glass in sequence. This CQD/VAE film has good sticking ability and compatibility of sealing ethylene‐vinyl acetate (EVA) material and works well as luminescent downshifting (LDS) materials. Based on these features, we did a set of optical characteristics analysis for CQD/VAE film and inserted a CQD/VAE film between glass and EVA encapsulation in a mini metal wrap through (MWT) solar module. This LDS could convert UV part of solar spectra, which are normally blocked by EVA, into the blue range and improve the light absorption by solar cell. Enhancement in the performance of solar modules was proved, especially the improvement of current of short circuit (Isc), external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the UV wavelength and solar module efficiency. This material provides the chance for prompt application, since it simply solves the dispersion problem of LDS material inside encapsulation and keeps the transparency of sealing polymer materials.
The perceived impact of infertility on romantic relationships and singlehood among adult survivors of childhood cancer
Authors: Lehmann Vicky , Ferrante Amanda C. , Winning Adrien M. , Gerhardt Cynthia A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo examine whether adult survivors of childhood cancer perceive a direct impact of potential/confirmed infertility on their romantic relationships/singlehood.MethodsOpen‐ended qualitative phone interviews were conducted with 57 adult survivors of childhood cancer and analyzed through thematic content analysis until saturation was reached (N = 30).ResultsInterviews revealed three major themes: (1) impact on survivors, (2) impact on partners/romantic relationships, and (3) alternative routes to parenthood. An overarching theme related to (4) timing also emerged. In describing the impact on themselves, survivors shared subthemes of (1.1) becoming aware of infertility as potential late effect of childhood cancer treatment and (1.2) their emotional reactions (ie, worries/concerns, distress, guilt, no emotional reaction). The impact on partners/romantic relationships also included subthemes: (2.1) partner communication, (2.2) partner reactions, and (2.3) the journey of active family planning.ConclusionsThe perceived impact of potential/confirmed infertility on romantic relationships of adult survivors of childhood cancer varied across individuals and time. Its presence or absence depends on life circumstances (eg, marital status, life goals), and if present, negative effects were typically resolved over time by having a pregnancy. Other survivors found joy and comfort in step‐children, considering adoption, or embracing a life without children. While more research is needed, findings indicate that discussions about infertility and fertility testing should be tailored to individual survivors and their needs, which may change over time. Timely referrals to reproductive specialists or adoption agencies are recommended for those who want children and have difficulties conceiving.
Association between demographic features and perceived social support in the mental adjustment to breast cancer
Authors: Mishra Veena Shukla , Saranath Dhananjaya 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe mental adjustment to a breast cancer diagnosis is traumatic and stressful, with wide‐ranging differences in the responses observed in Indian women. We investigated the association between demographic features and perceived social support during the adjustment of patients to breast cancer.MethodsA total of 393 patients with breast cancer were included in the study. The patients were evaluated for mental adjustment to cancer and perceived social support on the Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale and Multidimensional Scale of perceived social support. Regression analysis and bivariate correlation were performed to discern significant demographic features and social support in association with the adjustment to having breast cancer.ResultsMultiple regression analysis revealed that mental adjustment factors accounted for 43% of the variance in fighting spirit and 41% of the variance in helplessness/hopelessness. The results of the multiple regression analysis suggested that age (t = −10.27, P < 0.000) and marital status (t = 3.03, P < 0.000) were predictive of patients' fighting spirit. Age was inversely (t = 9.81, P < 0.01) associated with fighting spirit, whereas family income (t = −3.82, P < 0.000) was inversely predictive of helplessness/hopelessness. Social support from significant others was predictive of a patient's fighting spirit and fatalism mental adjustment, while support from friends was predictive of helplessness/hopelessness.ConclusionDemographic factors such as young age and high education are associated with good mental adjustment to breast cancer. Perceived support from significant others may fulfill the need for the socioemotional aspects of patient support that lead to the adjustment to a breast cancer diagnosis in patients.
Trends in epidemiology and outcomes of respiratory distress syndrome in the United States
Authors: Donda Keyur , Vijayakanthi Nandini , Dapaah‐Siakwan Fredrick , Bhatt Parth , Rastogi Deepa , Rastogi Shantanu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe management practices of Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) in the newborn have changed over time. We examine the trends in the epidemiology, resource utilization, and outcomes (mortality and bronchopulmonary dysplasia [BPD]) of RDS in preterm neonates ≤34 weeks gestational age (GA) in the United States.MethodsIn this retrospective serial cross‐sectional study, we used ICD‐9 codes to classify preterm infants GA ≤34 weeks between 2003 and 2014 from the National Inpatient Sample as having RDS or not. Trends in the prevalence of infants defined as RDS by ICD‐9 code (ICD9‐RDS), length of stay, BPD, and mortality were analyzed using Cochran‐Armitage and Jonckheere‐Terpstra tests and multivariable logistic regression.ResultsOf 1 526 186 preterm live births with GA ≤34 weeks, 554 409 had ICD9‐RDS (260 cases per 1000 live births) with the prevalence increasing from 170 to 361 (Ptrend < 0.001) and associated decrease in all‐cause mortality (7.6% to 6.1%; Ptrend < 0.001) from 2003 to 2014. Increased utilization of non‐invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) (69.5% to 74.3%; Ptrend < 0.001) was associated with decreased invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) use >96 h (60.4 to 56.6%; Ptrend < 0.001). Exclusive NIMV use increased from 16.8% to 29.1% (Ptrend < 0.0001). BPD incidence decreased from 14% to 12.5% (Ptrend < 0.001). LOS increased from 32 days to 38 days (Ptrend < 0.001) and cost increased from $49,521 to $55,394 (Ptrend < 0.001).ConclusionFrom 2003 to 2014, the assigned ICD9‐RDS diagnosis, and utilization of NIMV increased and mortality among infants assigned the ICD9‐RDS diagnosis decreased. With higher survival, hospital cost increased incrementally, indicating the importance of ongoing analysis of appropriate reimbursement for the care provided at tertiary centers for preterm infants.
CF derived scoring systems do not fully describe the range of structural changes seen on CT scans in PCD
Authors: Tadd Katelyn , Morgan Lucy , Rosenow Tim , Schultz André , Susanto Clarissa , Murray Conor , Robinson Philip 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundStructural lung changes seen on computed tomography (CT) scans in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) and Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD) are currently described using scoring systems derived from CF populations. This practise assumes lung damage in the two conditions is identical, potentially resulting in a failure to identify PCD‐specific changes. Our study addresses this assumption.MethodsA total of 58 CT scans from 41 PCD patients (age 2‐48 years) were examined and the presence and extent of abnormalities common in CF; bronchiectasis, bronchial wall thickening, atelectasis, mucous plugging, and air trapping noted. Further assessment of the PCD scans by an experienced chest radiologist identified several unique PCD specific changes.ResultsBronchial wall thickening was the commonest abnormality seen in PCD. All abnormalities were present more often in middle and lower lobes than in upper lobes (P < 0.001). Bronchiectasis, mucus plugging, atelectasis, and air trapping were present more often in PCD than in the historic CF cohorts which formed the basis of two CF scoring systems (P < 0.05). Extensive tree‐in‐bud pattern of mucus plugging, thickening of interlobar, and interlobular septa, and whole lobe atelectasis were seen significantly more frequently in PCD than CF.ConclusionsStructural changes identified on CT scans in PCD are not identical to those previously described in CF patients and suggest assessment of PCD structural changes on CT should not use CF derived scoring systems.
Alternol eliminates excessive ATP production by disturbing Krebs cycle in prostate cancer
Authors: Li Changlin , He Chenchen , Xu Ying , Xu Haixia , Tang Yuzhe , Chavan Hemantkumar , Duan Shaofeng , Artigues Antonio , Forrest Marcus Laird , Krishnamurthy Partha , Han Suxia , Holzbeierlein Jeffrey M. , Li Benyi 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundAlternol is a natural compound isolated from fermentation products of a mutant fungus. Our previous studies demonstrated that Alternol specifically kills cancer cells but spares benign cells.MethodsTo investigate the mechanism underlying alternol‐induced cancer cell‐specific killing effect, we took a comprehensive strategy to identify Alternol's protein targets in prostate cancer cells, including PC‐3, C4‐2, and 22RV1, plus benign BPH1 cell lines. Major experimental techniques included biotin‐streptavidin pulldown assay coupled with mass‐spectrometry, in vitro enzyme activity assay for Krebs cycle enzymes and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) for metabolomic analysis.ResultsAmong 14 verified protein targets, four were Krebs cycle enzymes, fumarate hydratase (FH), malate dehydrogenase‐2 (MDH2), dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (DLAT) in pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) and dihydrolipoamide S‐succinyltransferase (DLST) in a‐ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (KGDHC). Functional assays revealed that PDHC and KGDHC activities at the basal level were significantly higher in prostate cancer cells compared to benign prostate BPH1 cells, while alternol treatment reduced their activities in cancer cells close to the levels in BPH1 cells. Although FH and MDH2 activities were comparable among prostate cancer and benign cell lines at the basal level, Alternol treatment largely increased their activities in cancer cells. Metabolomic analysis revealed that Alternol treatment remarkably reduced the levels of malic acid, fumaric acid, and isocitric acid and mitochondrial respiration in prostate cancer cells. Alternol also drastically reduced mitochondrial respiration and ATP production in PC‐3 cells in vitro or in xenograft tissues but not in BPH1 cells or host liver tissues.ConclusionsAlternol interacts with multiple Krebs cycle enzymes, resulting in reduced mitochondrial respiration and ATP production in prostate cancer cells and xenograft tissues, providing a novel therapeutic strategy for prostate cancer treatment.
Vasa nervorum angiogenesis in prostate cancer with perineural invasion
Authors: Ghinea Nicolae , Robin Blaise , Pichon Christophe , Leclere Renaud , Nicolas André , Chnecker Caroline , Côté Jean‐François , Guillonneau Bertrand , Radu Aurelian 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundPerineural invasion (PNI) is generally accepted as a major route of cancer dissemination in malignancies associated with highly enervated organs. However, the effect of cancer cells on vasa nervorum remains unknown. We studied this effect in locally advanced prostate cancer, a high‐risk feature associated with approximately 20% of prostate cancer specific mortality.MethodsWe used immunohistochemistry for CD34, fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2), FSHR, podoplanin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and VEGFR‐2 as well as histochemical methods to examine the vasa nervorum of nerves invaded by cancer cells in tissue samples from 85 patients.ResultsThe percentage of the nerve area occupied by CD34‐positive vasa nervorum endothelial cells in nerves with PNI was much higher than in nerves without PNI (7.3 ± 1.2 vs 1.9 ± 0.4; P < 0.001 and 5.8 ± 0.6 vs 1.23 ± 0.8; P < 0.001 in pT3a and pT3b prostate cancer specimens, respectively). In 19/85 of the patients the CD34‐positive vasa nervorum microvessels have a thick basement membrane, similar to the vessels in diabetic microangiopathy. This subendothelial layer contains collagen fibers. Vasa nervorum endothelia and Schwann cells express FGF‐2 (nuclear localization) and FSHR (plasma membrane and cytoplasmic staining). Prostate cancer cells invading nerves express VEGF, a critical cytokine in tumor angiogenesis. The vasa nervorum of prostatic nerves with PNI did not express detectable levels of VEGFR‐2. No podoplanin‐positive lymphatic vessels were seen in nerves.ConclusionIn locally advanced prostate cancer, PNI of cancer cells is associated with formation of new endoneurial capillaries and changes of vasa nervorum morphology.
Vertical and temporal distribution of spotted‐wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) and pollinators within cultivated raspberries
Authors: Jaffe Benjamin D , Guédot Christelle 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDDrosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is the most prominent arthropod pest of caneberries. Current management practices rely on chemical control, which has raised concerns over the sustainability of this approach. We currently understand little about D. suzukii activity, and whether activity patterns can be exploited to improve management. In this study, we investigated the vertical and temporal distribution of D. suzukii, as well as pollinators, in cultivated raspberries.RESULTSD. suzukii were generally crepuscular, and most active in the morning within the bottom half of the crop, and in the evening within the top half of the crop. Pollinators were most active during the day and within the top half of the canopy. Humidity and temperature were correlated with insect activity.CONCLUSIONPesticides applied during twilight that ensure coverage in the bottom half of the crop, or if applied in the late afternoon cover the entire crop, should improve the pesticide efficacy. However, previous studies suggest that specific D. suzukii (e.g. sex, mating status, age) may exploit different areas in the crop at different times, and more work needs to be done to understand how these aspects before a specific management program can be recommended. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
The importance of timing of heat events for predicting the dynamics of aphid pest populations
Authors: Zhao Fei , Xing Kun , Hoffmann Ary A , Ma Chun‐sen 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDHeatwaves are increasing in frequency and there is growing interest in their impact on pest organisms. Previous work indicates that effects depend on the timing of the stress event, whose impact needs to be characterized across the full set of developmental stages and exposure periods of an organism. Here, we undertake such a detailed assessment using heat stress (20–35 °C diurnal cycle) across the nymph and adult stages of the English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (Fabricius).RESULTSStress‐related mortality increased with stress duration at all stages; effects were less severe at the late nymphal stage. Effects on longevity adults after stress showed a complex pattern with nymphal heat stress, increasing with stress duration at the late nymphal stage, but decreasing with duration at the early nymphal stage. Longevity was also reduced by adult stress although to a lesser extent, and patterns were not connected to duration. Post‐stress productivity decreased following adult and nymphal stress and the decrease tended to be correlated with stress duration. The rate of offspring production was more affected by adult stress than nymphal stress. Productivity and longevity effects, when combined, showed that the largest effect of heat stress occurred at the early nymphal stage.CONCLUSIONThese findings highlight the complex ways in which heat stress at a particular life stage influences later fitness and they also emphasize the importance of considering multiple fitness components when assessing stress effects. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Supplementation with extract of pumpkin seeds exerts estrogenic effects upon the uterine, serum lipids, mammary glands, and bone density in ovariectomized rats
Authors: Lestari Beni , Walidah Ziana , Utomo Rohmad Yudi , Murwanti Retno , Meiyanto Edy 
Published: January 2019

Pumpkin seeds contain lignan phytoestrogens, which have the potential to retrieve menopausal syndromes caused by estrogen deficiency. This study aims to determine the estrogenic effects of the extract of pumpkin seeds (EPS). In vitro experiment was performed by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay on CHO‐K1 cells. In vivo experiments were conducted using 24 of 7‐weeks‐old female Sprague Dawley rats, divided into four treatment groups (ovariectomized [OVX], ovariectomized for treatment with 2‐μM 17β‐estradiol, ovariectomized for treatment with 500 mg/kg BW EPS, and ovariectomized for treatment with 1000 mg/kg body weight (BW) EPS) and two baseline groups (OVX and sham). Uterine weight, mammary glands, serum lipid, and bone density were observed after 30 days. In silico experiment was conducted through molecular docking of secoisolariciresinol and lariciresinol to the estrogen receptors (ERs). EPS exhibited a biphasic effect, inducing cell growth at 10–100 μg/mL and decreasing cell viability at 250–1000 μg/mL. EPS 1000 mg/kg BW improved uterine weight and retrieved mammary glands comparable with 17β‐estradiol. Meanwhile, EPS 500 and 1000 mg/kg BW increased high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), decreased low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), and recovered bone density in correlation with the decreasing osteoclasts and increasing osteoblasts. The docking score of secoisolariciresinol with ERα and ERβ were −91.13 and −95.87, respectively, and lariciresinol were −80.91 and −90.29, respectively. These results demonstrated that EPS performs estrogenic properties in rats model and potential to overcome symptoms caused by estrogen deficiency.
Global robust practical output regulation for nonlinear systems in output feedback form by output‐based event‐triggered control
Authors: Liu Wei , Huang Jie 
Published: January 2019

SummaryIn this paper, we study the event‐triggered global robust practical output regulation problem for a class of nonlinear systems in output feedback form with any relative degree. Our approach consists of the following three steps. First, we design an internal model and an observer to form the so‐called extended augmented system. Second, we convert the original problem into the event‐triggered global robust practical stabilization problem of the extended augmented system. Third, we design an output‐based event‐triggered control law and a Zeno‐free output‐based event‐triggered mechanism to solve the stabilization problem, which, in turn, leads to the solvability of the original problem. Finally, we apply our result to the controlled hyperchaotic Lorenz systems.
Framing resilience for river geomorphology: Reinventing the wheel?
Authors: Fuller Ian C. , Gilvear Dave J. , Thoms Martin C. , Death Russell G. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractResilience is a well‐used term in many disciplines, but inconsistently or little applied in river geomorphology and river science. Recent developments in ecosystem ecology conceptualize resilience as comprising system resistance to, and recovery from disturbance. The objectives of this paper are to consider how the concept of resilience in this bivariate form applies to river geomorphology and provide a framework for bridging the disciplines of ecology and geomorphology within the setting of river management, using principles of resilience. River geomorphology sets the physical template upon which lotic processes act, thus, understanding the resilience of this template is critical. The importance of consistency in defining the principles of resilience thinking within the context of river science and management is important especially when promoting ecosystem resilience as a river management goal. The application of resilience thinking with respect to river habitat is provided through a series of examples from Australian and New Zealand river systems.AimHow is the concept of resilience applied to river geomorphology, and what does a geomorphologically resilient river look like?