bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leakage Estimate in Nonuniformly Compressed Packing Rings
Authors: Omar Aweimer Ali Salah , Bouzid Abdel-Hakim , Zhao Zijian 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Characterizing the permeation performance of nanoporous material is an initial step toward predicting microflows and achieving acceptable designs in sealing and filtration applications. This study deals with analytical, numerical, and experimental studies of gaseous leaks through soft packing materials subjected to nonuniform axial compression in valve stuffing boxes. A new analytical model that accurately predicts gaseous leak rates through nanoporous packing materials assumed made of capillaries having an exponentially varying section. Based on Navier–Stokes equations with the first-order velocity slip condition for tapered cylinder capillaries, the analytical model is used to estimate gas flow through soft packing materials. In addition, computational fluid dynamic modeling using cfx software is used to test its capacity to estimate the permeation of compression packing ring materials assuming the fluid flow to follow Darcy's law. Helium gas is used as a reference gas in the experiments to characterize the porosity parameters. The analytical and cfx numerical leak predictions are compared to leak rates measured experimentally using different gas types (helium, nitrogen, air, and argon) at different pressures and gland stresses. The analytical and numerical models account for the porosity change with the stem axial distance because the packing ring set is subjected to an exponentially varying radial compression. The predictions from analytical model are in close agreement with the cfx model and in better agreement with experimental measurements.
On the Use of Thermal Energy Storage for Flexible Baseload Power Plants: Thermodynamic Analysis of Options for a Nuclear Rankine Cycle
Authors: Carlson Fletcher , Davidson Jane H. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe intermittency of wind and solar energy can disrupt the dynamic balance utilities must maintain to meet fluctuating demand. This work examines the use of thermal energy storage (TES) to increase the operational flexibility of a baseload power plant and thus incentivize renewable energy and decarbonize the grid. A first and second law thermodynamic model of a nuclear power plant establishes the impacts of TES on the capacity factor and thermal efficiency of the plant. Four storage options, which are distinguished by the location within the cycle where steam is diverted for charging and whether discharge of the TES is via the primary or a secondary Rankine cycle, are considered. TES is compared to steam bypass, which is an alternative to provide baseload flexibility. TES is significantly better than steam bypass. The storage option with the greatest thermodynamic benefit is charged by diverting superheated steam at the outlet of the moisture separator/reheater (MSR) to the TES. The TES is discharged for peaking power through an optimized secondary cycle. TES increases the capacity factor as much as 15% compared to steam bypass at representative charging mass flowrates. The storage option that diverts steam from the steam generator to charge the TES and discharges the TES to the primary cycle extends the discharge power to a lower range and does not require a secondary cycle. In this case, the capacity factor and efficiency are as much as 8% greater than that of steam bypass.
Sphingosine 1-phosphate: Lipid signaling in pathology and therapy
Authors: Cartier Andreane , Hla Timothy 
Published: October 2019

Mediating systemic health
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is an important circulating lipid mediator that is derived from the metabolism of cell membranes. Its diverse homeostatic roles, particularly in immunology and vascular biology, can go awry in numerous diseases, including multiple sclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, and fibrosis. The centrality of S1P signaling has led to the development of several drugs, including two approved for treatment of multiple sclerosis. In a Review, Cartier and Hla discuss the current understanding of how one mediator can carry out so many signaling roles in different tissues, how these become dysregulated in disease, and efforts in drug development to target S1P signaling.

Science
, this issue p.
eaar5551
Differences in lung function between children with sickle cell anaemia from West Africa and Europe
Authors: Arigliani Michele , Castriotta Luigi , Zubair Ramatu , Dogara Livingstone Gayus , Zuiani Chiara , Raywood Emma , Vecchiato Katy , Petoello Enrico , Sunday Ashel Dache , Ndoro Sharon , Canciani Mario Canciano , Gupta Atul , Cogo Paola , Inusa Baba 
Published: October 2019

IntroductionLung function abnormalities are common in sickle cell anaemia (SCA) but data from sub-Saharan Africa are limited. We hypothesised that children with SCA from West Africa had worse lung function than their counterparts from Europe.MethodsThis prospective cross-sectional study evaluated spirometry and anthropometry in black African individuals with SCA (haemoglobin phenotype SS) aged 6–18 years from Nigeria and the UK, when clinically stable. Age-matched controls were also included in Nigeria to validate the Global Lung Initiative spirometry reference values.ResultsNigerian SCA patients (n=154) had significant reductions in both FEV1 and FVC of ~1 z-score compared with local controls (n=364) and ~0.5 z-scores compared with the UK patients (n=101). Wasting (body mass index z-score<−2) had a prevalence of 27% in Nigerian patients and 7% in the UK ones (p<0.001). Among children with SCA, being resident in Nigeria (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.1 to 4.9), wasting (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.1 to 5.0) and each additional year of age (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.4) were independently associated with increased risk of restrictive spirometry (FVC z-score<−1.64+FEV1/FVC≥−1.64).ConclusionsThis study showed that chronic respiratory impairment is more severe in children with SCA from West Africa than Europe. Our findings suggest the utility of implementing respiratory assessment in African children with SCA to early identify those with chronic lung injury, eligible for closer follow-up and more aggressive therapies.
Poisson–Lie identities and dualities of Bianchi cosmologies
Authors: Hlavatý Ladislav , Petr Ivo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We investigate a special class of Poisson–Lie T-plurality transformations of Bianchi cosmologies invariant with respect to non-semisimple Bianchi groups. For six-dimensional semi-Abelian Manin triples $$\mathfrak {b}\bowtie \mathfrak {a}$$b⋈a containing Bianchi algebras $$\mathfrak {b}$$b we identify general forms of Poisson–Lie identities and dualities. We show that these can be decomposed into simple factors, namely automorphisms of Manin triples, B-shifts, $$\beta $$β-shifts, and “full” or “factorized” dualities. Further, we study effects of these transformations and utilize the decompositions to obtain new backgrounds which, supported by corresponding dilatons, satisfy Generalized Supergravity Equations.
BIOKINETIC MODEL OF Tc-99m MIBI FOR EIGHT PATIENTS UNDERGONE MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION EXAMINATION via GAMMA CAMERA AND MATLAB PROGRAM: AN IN-VIVO STUDY
Authors: YEN YU-CHEN , TIEN HUI-YUN , GUO ZHENG-HONG , WANG TZU-HWEI , TSAI SHIH-CHUAN , PAN LUNG-FA , PAN LUNG-KWANG 
Published: October 2019

Biokinetic model of Tc-99m MIBI for eight patients undergone myocardial perfusion examination was studied using gamma camera and MATLAB program. A six-compartment model was adopted to interpret the metabolic mechanism of each patient. Within the model framework, the respective set of simultaneous differential equations was solved by a self-developed program run in MATLAB. The experimental results exhibited a good fit with the theoretical predictions via the model. The average biological half-lives of body fluid, heart, thyroid, liver, GI Tract and remainder were assessed as [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]h, respectively. A dimensionless AT index of disagreement between the experimental data and MATLAB optimal solution was proposed of validating the applied acquisition system and analytical method feasibility. An AT of zero implies a perfect agreement between the theoretical and empirical results, while averages of the derived AT were fluctuated from 3 [Formula: see text] 2 to [Formula: see text] for five compartments. The proposed refined equation estimated the internal dose from gamma-ray as [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mSv for eight patients according to a fast screening method, which defined human body as a spherical ball to simplify the calculation in reality. The proposed MATLAB-based fitting of in-vivo data with the theoretical results was instrumental for assessing the radiation dose received by the Tc-99m MIBI scan participants.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ АНТИМІКРОБНОЇ АКТИВНОСТІ КОНСЕРВАНТІВ З МЕТОЮ РОЗРОБКИ СКЛАДУ КОМБІНОВАНОГО ГЕЛЮ ДЛЯ МІСЦЕВОГО ЛІКУВАННЯ ОПІКІВ
Authors: Pavliuk B. V. , Lukashiv O. Ya. , Pokryshko O. V. , Chubka M. B. , Hroshovyi T. A. 
Published: October 2019

Мета роботи. Дослідження активності антимікробних консервантів у зразках гелів з водним витягом з ксенодерми та лідокаїну гідрохлоридом для місцевого лікування опіків.
Матеріали і методи. При дослідженні використовували методику оцінки ефективності антимікробних консервантів відповідно до вимог ДФУ. Як тест-культури використовували наступні мікроорганізми: Staphylococcus аureus АТСС 25923, Escherichia сoli 055К59 №3912/41, Pseudomonas aeruginosa АТСС 2853 (F51), Candida albicans АТСС 885-653, Aspergіllus brasіlіensіs АТСС 16404.
Результати й обговорення: У результаті проведених досліджень встановлена ефективність досліджуваних антимікробних консервантів (ніпагін/ніпазол, cosgard, спирт фенілетиловий, бензалконію хлорид) різних концентрацій у модельних зразках гелів з водним витягом з ксенодерми та лідокаїном гідрохлоридом. Досліджувані зразки гелів відповідають вимогам ДФУ (друге вид., том 1, п. 5.1.3) за показником “Ефективність антимікробних консервантів” для лікарських засобів для зовнішнього застосування.
Висновок. У результаті проведених досліджень найбільш прийнятним консервантом обрано спирт фенілетиловий у концентрації 0,4 %, що зумовлено його високою антимікробною активністю у даній фармацевтичній композиції, фізіологічною безпечністю, економічністю, а також можливістю його використання у ролі ароматизатора.
ВИМОГИ ДО ЯКОСТІ СУПОЗИТОРІЇВ ЯК ЛІКАРСЬКОЇ ФОРМИ У ВІДПОВІДНОСТІ ДО СВІТОВИХ ФАРМАКОПЕЙ
Authors: Aleinyk S. L. , Polova Z. M. 
Published: October 2019

Мета роботи. Порівняльний аналіз даних світових фармакопей щодо показників та їх норм, а також методик і методів, що визначають якість супозиторіїв як лікарської форми (ЛФ).
Матеріали і методи. Використано методи інформаційного пошуку, аналізу літературних джерел, порівняння, узагальнення.
Результати й обговорення. Визначення супозиторіїв як ЛФ у Державній Фармакопеї України, Державних Фармакопеях Республік Білорусь та Казахстан, Європейській та Британській фармакопеях наведено у загальних фармакопейних статтях (ЗФС) «Лікарські засоби для ректального застосування» та «Лікарські засоби для вагінального застосування» (як песарії). Фармакопеї США, Японії та Російської Федерації містять характеристику супозиторіїв у ЗФС на ЛФ. У ході аналізу було встановлено, що для супозиторіїв та песаріїв визначаються такі основні показники якості: опис, ідентифікація, однорідність маси, розпадання, розчинення, температура плавлення (для ліпофільних основ), вміст домішок, кількісне визначення, мікробіологічна чистота.
Висновки. Проведений аналіз вказує на деякі відмінності даних світових фармакопей щодо контролю якості супозиторіїв та песаріїв. Це свідчить про необхідність гармонізації вимог фармакопей для уніфікації методик та методів аналізу супозиторіїв та песаріїв як широко застосовуваних ЛФ.
Hiding Between Basho and Chōra
Authors: Schroeder Brian 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This essay considers the relation between two fundamentally different notions of place—the Greek concept of χώρα and the Japanese concept of basho 場所—in an effort to address the question of a possible “other beginning” to philosophy by rethinking the relation between nature and the elemental. Taking up a cross-cultural comparative approach, ancient through contemporary Eastern and Western sources are considered. Central to this endeavor is reflection on the concept of the between through an engagement between, on the one hand, Plato, Martin Heidegger, Jacques Derrida, Edward Casey, and John Sallis, and on the other, Eihei Dōgen, Nishida Kitarō, and Watsuji Tetsurō.
Tyranny in Greece in the Fifth and Fourth Centuries BC
Authors: Rhodes P.J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In a world in which it was easy to contrast slavery as being ruled by others with freedom as the power to rule others, it might have been said that subjection to a tyrant was bad but being a tyrant was good if one could get away with it. But in the fourth century Plato and Aristotle created a contrast between kings as good rulers and tyrants as bad rulers, which has been standard ever since. However, recent studies have tried to move away from the polarisation of good kings and bad tyrants, and look more generally at the nature of monarchic rule in Greece. This article explores the topic of tyrants and the use of the notion of tyranny in classical Greece, at the end of the sixth century and in the fifth and fourth.
Characterizing potential repelling volatiles for “push-pull” strategy against stem borer: a case study in Chilo auricilius
Authors: Yi Xin , Shi Song , Wang Peidan , Chen Yaoyao , Lu Qiqi , Wang Tianyi , Zhou Xiaofan , Zhong Guohua 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Massive techniques have been evaluated for developing different pest control methods to minimize fertilizer and pesticide inputs. As “push-pull” strategy utilizes generally non-toxic chemicals to manipulate behaviors of insects, such strategy is considered to be environmentally friendly. “Push-pull” strategy has been extraordinarily effective in controlling stem borers, and the identification of new “pushing” or “pull” components against stem borers could be significantly helpful.

Results
In this study, the results of field trapping assay and behavioral assay showed the larvae of C.auricilius, one kind of stem borers, could be deterred by rice plant under tilling stage, its main host crop. The profiles of volatiles were compared between rice plants under two different developmental stages, and α-pinene was identified as a key differential component. The repelling activity of α-pinene against C.auricilius was confirmed by Y-tube olfactometer. For illuminating the olfactory recognition mechanism, transcriptome analysis was carried out, and 13 chemosensory proteins (CSPs) were identified in larvae and 19 CSPs were identified in adult of C.auriciliu, which was reported for the first time in this insect. Among these identified CSPs, 4 CSPs were significantly regulated by α-pinene treatment, and CSP8 showed good binding affinity with α-pinene in vitro.

Conclusions
Overall, C.auricilius could be repelled by rice plant at tilling stage, and our results highlighted α-pinene as a key component in inducing repelling activity at this specific stage and confirmed the roles of some candidate chemosensory elements in this chemo-sensing process. The results in this study could provide valuable information for chemosensory mechanism of C.auricilius and for identification of “push” agent against rice stem borers.
Genetic and environmental variation impact the cuticular hydrocarbon metabolome on the stigmatic surfaces of maize
Authors: Dennison Tesia , Qin Wenmin , Loneman Derek M. , Condon Samson G. F. , Lauter Nick , Nikolau Basil J. , Yandeau-Nelson Marna D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundSimple non-isoprenoid hydrocarbons accumulate in discrete regions of the biosphere, including within bacteria and algae as a carbon and/or energy store, and the cuticles of plants and insects, where they may protect against environmental stresses. The extracellular cuticular surfaces of the stigmatic silks of maize are rich in linear hydrocarbons and therefore provide a convenient system to study the biological origins and functions of these unique metabolites.ResultsTo test the hypotheses that genetics and environment influence the accumulation of surface hydrocarbons on silks and to examine the breadth of metabolome compositions across diverse germplasm, cuticular hydrocarbons were analyzed on husk-encased silks and silks that emerged from the husk leaves from 32 genetically diverse maize inbred lines, most of which are commonly utilized in genetics experiments. Total hydrocarbon accumulation varied ~ 10-fold among inbred lines, and up to 5-fold between emerged and husk-encased silks. Alkenes accounted for 5-60% of the total hydrocarbon metabolome, and the majority of alkenes were monoenes with a double bond at either the 7th or 9th carbon atom of the alkyl chain. Total hydrocarbon accumulation was impacted to similar degrees by genotype and husk encasement status, whereas genotype predominantly impacted alkene composition. Only minor differences in the metabolome were observed on silks that were emerged into the external environment for 3- versus 6-days. The environmental influence on the metabolome was further investigated by growing inbred lines in 2 years, one of which was warmer and wetter. Inbred lines grown in the drier year accumulated up to 2-fold more hydrocarbons and up to a 22% higher relative abundance of alkenes. In summary, the surface hydrocarbon metabolome of silks is primarily governed by genotype and husk encasement status, with smaller impacts of environment and genotype-by-environment interactions.ConclusionsThis study reveals that the composition of the cuticular hydrocarbon metabolome on silks is affected significantly by genetic factors, and is therefore amenable to dissection using quantitative genetic approaches. Such studies will clarify the genetic mechanisms responsible for the accumulation of these metabolites, enabling detailed functional investigations of the diverse and complex protective roles of silk surface lipids against environmental stresses.
Regional versus systemic analgesia in video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Haager Benedikt , Schmid Daniel , Eschbach Joerg , Passlick Bernward , Loop Torsten 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
The optimal perioperative analgesic strategy in video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) for anatomic lung resections remains an open issue. Regional analgesic concepts as thoracic paravertebral or epidural analgesia were used as systemic opioid application. We hypothesized that regional anesthesia would provide improved analgesia compared to systemic analgesia with parenteral opioids in VATS lobectomy and would be associated with a lower incidence of pulmonary complications.

Methods
The study was approved by the local ethics committee (AZ 99/15) and registered (germanctr.de; DRKS00007529, 10th June 2015). A retrospective analysis of anesthetic and surgical records between July 2014 und February 2016 in a single university hospital with 103 who underwent VATS lobectomy. Comparison of regional anesthesia (i.e. thoracic paravertebral blockade (group TPVB) or thoracic epidural anesthesia (group TEA)) with a systemic opioid application (i.e. patient controlled analgesia (group PCA)). The primary endpoint was the postoperative pain level measured by Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at rest and during coughing during 120 h. Secondary endpoints were postoperative pulmonary complications (i.e. atelectasis, pneumonia), hemodynamic variables and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV).

Results
Mean VAS values in rest or during coughing were measured below 3.5 in all groups showing effective analgesic therapy throughout the observation period. The VAS values at rest were comparable between all groups, VAS level during coughing in patients with PCA was higher but comparable except after 8–16 h postoperatively (PCA vs. TEA; p < 0.004). There were no significant differences on secondary endpoints. Intraoperative Sufentanil consumption was significantly higher for patients without regional anesthesia (p < 0.0001 vs. TPVB and vs. TEA). The morphine equivalence postoperatively applicated until POD 5 was comparable in all groups (mean ± SD in mg: 32 ± 29 (TPVB), 30 ± 27 (TEA), 36 ± 30 (PCA); p = 0.6046).

Conclusions
Analgesia with TEA, TPVB and PCA provided a comparable and effective pain relief after VATS anatomic resection without side effects. Our results indicate that PCA for VATS lobectomy may be a sufficient alternative compared to regional analgesia.

Trial registration
The study was registered (germanctr.de; DRKS00007529; 10th June, 2015).
Treatment of lead and arsenic poisoning in anuric patients – a case report and narrative review of the literature
Authors: Hsiao Chun-Yuan , Gresham Chip , Marshall Mark R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Heavy metal poisoning can cause debilitating illness if left untreated, and its management in anuric patients poses challenges. Literature with which to guide clinical practice in this area is rather scattered.

Case presentation
We present a case of symptomatic lead and arsenic poisoning from use of Ayurvedic medicine in a 28-year-old man with end-stage kidney disease on chronic hemodialysis. We describe his treatment course with chelating agents and extracorporeal blood purification, and review the relevant literature to provide general guidance.

Conclusion
Cumulative clinical experience assists in identifying preferred chelators and modalities of extracorporeal blood purification when managing such patients. However, a larger body of real-world or clinical trial evidence is necessary to inform evidence-based guidelines for the management of heavy metal poisoning in anuric patients.
Exploration of candidate serum biomarkers potentially related to the chronic pain condition in Medication–overuse headache
Authors: Pellesi Lanfranco , Bellei Elisa , Guerzoni Simona , Cainazzo Maria Michela , Baraldi Carlo , Monari Emanuela , Pini Luigi Alberto 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundMedication Overuse Headache (MOH) is a prevalent and disabling disorder resulting from the overuse of analgesic drugs, triptans or other acute headache medications. In previous proteomic studies, several proteins have been found at high concentrations in the urine of MOH patients and in the serum of rats with neuropathic pain. The aim of this study was to compare the serum levels of lipocalin-type Prostaglandin D2 synthase (L-PGDS), Vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP), apolipoprotein E (APOE) and apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) in MOH patients and healthy individuals, further exploring their relationship with cutaneous pain thresholds (CPTs) in the territories innervated by the trigeminal nerve.MethodsSixty-nine MOH patients and 42 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study. Von Frey-like filaments were applied to the skin territories innervated by the trigeminal nerve, to determine the CPTs. L-PGDS, VDBP, APOE and APOA1 were quantified in the serum by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Clinical and laboratory data were collected. Comparisons between MOH patients and healthy individuals were performed using independent t test or χ2test. To correlate serum proteins with CPTs, Pearson correlation coefficient or Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient were used.ResultsCPTs were lower among MOH patients. L-PGDS, VDBP and APOE had significantly different serum concentrations between groups (p < 0.01), but no correlation was found with CPTs. APOA1 serum concentrations did not differ between patients and healthy individuals.ConclusionsL-PGDS, VDBP and APOE had abnormal serum levels in MOH patients, confirming their alteration in some conditions of chronic headache and neuropathic pain. However, they had no relationship with CPTs. The in-depth study of serum proteins represents a promising approach for a better understanding of MOH, as well as the detection of candidate biomarkers for chronic headache or the risks associated with overuse medications.