bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glycyrrhizin treatment ameliorates post‐traumatic stress disorder‐like behaviours and restores circadian oscillation of intracranial serotonin
Authors: Lai Shuhua , Shi Liangpan , Jiang Zhixian , Lin Zhihang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPost‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has become a major disease that threatens human health. Neurotransmitters and the amygdala are found to be critical in the development and maintenance of PTSD. We aim to investigate the role of glycyrrhizin in treating PTSD. Contextual fear extinction and elevated plus maze test were applied to evaluate the anxiety and fear memory. Microdialysis and high‐performance liquid chromatography were used to analyze the expression of amygdala neurotransmitters in PTSD animal models and to verify the effects of glycyrrhizin on major neurotransmitters. The protein levels of tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) were examined by western bolt. Glycyrrhizin treatment significantly reduced anxiety and fear memory after 1 and 7 days of PTSD modelling. In addition, glycyrrhizin treatment restored the circadian rhythm changes of serotonin and TPH2. The present study found a significant circadian rhythm change of serotonin in the amygdala in PTSD rats. Besides, glycyrrhizin treatment restored the altered serotonin diurnal fluctuations, which raises important implications for PTSD treatment.
VoCC: An r package for calculating the velocity of climate change and related climatic metrics
Authors: García Molinos Jorge , Schoeman David S. , Brown Christopher J. , Burrows Michael T. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Climate change is a primary global driver of biodiversity reorganization. The velocity of clisecondary functions, or to produce output for display (see mate change and related metrics describe the spatial change of climatic variables over time, allowing quantification of climate change exposure and connectivity, facilitating insights into the potential scope of species’ range‐shift responses. These metrics have been extensively used in climate‐change ecology research and provide useful information for conservation. Multiple extensions to the original concept of climate velocity have been proposed since first presented nearly a decade ago. However, despite its utility, no software application is currently available that brings all these methods together.

The r package VoCC fills this gap by providing a comprehensive collection of functions that calculate climate velocity and related metrics from their initial formulation to the latest developments. Here, we introduce the core package functionality through a series of applied examples.

The collection of functions in the VoCC package represents a new, useful addition to the existing portfolio of tools with which to assess risks posed by climate change to species and ecosystems.
Taking a closer look at invasive alien plant research: A review of the current state, opportunities, and future directions for UAVs
Authors: Dash Jonathan P. , Watt Michael S. , Paul Thomas S. H. , Morgenroth Justin , Hartley Robin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

The development and proliferation of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) in recent years presents a new data collection opportunity for invasive alien plant (IAP) research. The flexibility and cost‐efficiency of these craft offers a valuable solution where high‐spatial or high‐temporal resolution remotely sensed data are required.

In this paper, we review all published studies using UAV for remote data collection in IAP research.

We have systematically identified the taxonomy and habitat characteristics of the system studied, classified the UAV configuration, analytical methods and the limitations of each study.

We used this synthesis to identify research gaps, suggest directions for future research, and identify opportunities for practical application of the technology.
Targeting amphiregulin (AREG) derived from senescent stromal cells diminishes cancer resistance and averts programmed cell death 1 ligand (PD‐L1)‐mediated immunosuppression
Authors: Xu Qixia , Long Qilai , Zhu Dexiang , Fu Da , Zhang Boyi , Han Liu , Qian Min , Guo Jianming , Xu Jianmin , Cao Liu , Chin Y. Eugene , Coppé Jean‐Philippe , Lam Eric W.‐F. , Campisi Judith , Sun Yu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAging is characterized by a progressive loss of physiological integrity, while cancer represents one of the primary pathological factors that severely threaten human lifespan and healthspan. In clinical oncology, drug resistance limits the efficacy of most anticancer treatments, and identification of major mechanisms remains a key to solve this challenging issue. Here, we highlight the multifaceted senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which comprises numerous soluble factors including amphiregulin (AREG). Production of AREG is triggered by DNA damage to stromal cells, which passively enter senescence in the tumor microenvironment (TME), a process that remarkably enhances cancer malignancy including acquired resistance mediated by EGFR. Furthermore, paracrine AREG induces programmed cell death 1 ligand (PD‐L1) expression in recipient cancer cells and creates an immunosuppressive TME via immune checkpoint activation against cytotoxic lymphocytes. Targeting AREG not only minimized chemoresistance of cancer cells, but also restored immunocompetency when combined with classical chemotherapy in humanized animals. Our study underscores the potential of in vivo SASP in driving the TME‐mediated drug resistance and shaping an immunosuppressive niche, and provides the proof of principle of targeting major SASP factors to improve therapeutic outcome in cancer medicine, the success of which can substantially reduce aging‐related morbidity and mortality.
Root coverage with coronally advanced flap:6‐year follow‐up
Authors: Kanmaz B , Kanmaz MG , Kaval B , Buduneli N 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the long‐term stability of root coverage without a regular control programme after coronally advanced flap (CAF) procedures in isolated gingival recessions.Material and MethodsRecession defects were treated with CAF using microsurgery technique. Probing depth, clinical attachment level, keratinized gingival width, plaque index, papilla bleeding index, recession depth, recession width and root surface area was evaluated at baseline, and then postoperative 6‐month and 6‐year follow‐up sessions. Percentages of root coverage and complete root coverage rates were also calculated.ResultsIn total, 12 defects in 12 patients of the 36 defects in 30 patients were available for analysis at the 6‐year follow‐up examination (66.7% of the initial sites could be reached). Percentage of mean root coverage was 95.06% at 6‐month and 69.27% at 6‐year and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Complete root coverage rate decreased from 75% (at 6‐month) to 50% (at 6‐year), but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05).ConclusionWithin the limits of this long‐term follow‐up study, there seems to be a rather high risk for relapse after root coverage with CAF possibly due to the lack of regular recalls and persistent traumatic tooth brushing habits.
The tracking of lipopolysaccharide through the feto‐maternal compartment and the involvement of maternal TLR4 in inflammation‐induced fetal brain injury
Authors: Brown Amy G. , Maubert Monique E. , Anton Lauren , Heiser Laura M. , Elovitz Michal A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractProblemExposure to intrauterine inflammation (IUI) has been shown to induce fetal brain injury and increase the risk of acquiring a neurobehavioral disorder. The trafficking of the inflammatory mediator, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), in the pregnant female reproductive tract in the setting of IUI and the precise mechanisms by which inflammation induces fetal brain injury are not fully understood.Method of studyFITC‐labeled LPS was utilized to induce IUI on E15, tissues were collected, and fluorescence was visualized via the Spectrum IVIS. Embryo transfer was utilized to create divergent maternal and fetal genotypes. Wild‐type (WT) embryos were transferred into TLR4−/− pseudopregnant dams (TLR4−/−mat/WTfet). On E15, TLR4−/−mat/WTfet dams or their WT controls (WTmat/WTfet) received an intrauterine injection of LPS or phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS). Endotoxin and IL‐6 levels were assessed in amniotic fluid, and cytokine expression was measured via QPCR.ResultsLipopolysaccharide trafficked to the uterus, fetal membranes, placenta, and the fetus and was undetectable in other tissues. Endotoxin was present in the amniotic fluid of all animals exposed to LPS. However, the immune response was blunted in TLR4−/−mat/WTfet compared with WT controls.ConclusionIntrauterine administered LPS is capable of accessing the entire feto‐placental unit with or without a functional maternal TLR4. Thus, bacteria or bacterial byproducts in the uterus may negatively impact fetal development regardless of the maternal genotype or endotoxin response. Despite the blunted immune response in the TLR4‐deficient dams, an inflammatory response is still ignited in the amniotic cavity and may negatively impact the fetus.
Alum impairs tolerogenic properties induced by allergoid‐mannan conjugates inhibiting mTOR and metabolic reprogramming in human DCs
Authors: Benito‐Villalvilla Cristina , Soria Irene , Pérez‐Diego Mario , Fernández‐Caldas Enrique , Subiza José Luis , Palomares Oscar 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundPolymerized allergoids conjugated to mannan (PM) are suitable vaccines for allergen‐specific immunotherapy (AIT). Alum remains the most widely used adjuvant in AIT, but its way of action is not completely elucidated. The better understanding of the mechanisms underlying alum adjuvanticity could help to improve AIT vaccine formulations.ObjectiveWe sought to investigate the potential influence of alum in the tolerogenic properties imprinted by PM at the molecular level.MethodsFlow cytometry, ELISAs, cocultures, intracellular staining and suppression assays were performed to assess alum and PM effects in human dendritic cells (DCs). BALB/c mice were immunized with PM alone or adsorbed to alum. Allergen‐specific antibodies, splenocyte cytokine production and splenic forkhead box P3 (FOXP3)+ regulatory T (Treg) cells were quantified. Metabolic and immune pathways were also studied in human DCs.ResultsAlum decreases PD‐L1 expression and IL‐10 production induced by PM in human DCs and increases pro‐inflammatory cytokine production. Alum impairs PM‐induced functional FOXP3+ Treg cells and promotes Th1/Th2/Th17 responses. Subcutaneous immunization of mice with PM plus alum inhibits in vivo induction of Treg cells promoted by PM without altering the capacity to induce functional allergen‐specific blocking antibodies. Alum inhibits mTOR activation and alters metabolic reprogramming by shifting glycolytic pathways and inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in PM‐activated DCs, impairing their capacity to generate functional Treg cells.ConclusionWe uncover novel mechanisms by which alum impairs the tolerogenic properties induced by PM, which might well contribute to improve the formulation of novel vaccines for AIT.
Prevalence of chronic urticaria in children and adults across the globe: Systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Fricke Julia , Ávila Gabriela , Keller Theresa , Weller Karsten , Lau Susanne , Maurer Marcus , Zuberbier Torsten , Keil Thomas 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackground and objectivesUrticaria is a frequent skin condition, but reliable prevalence estimates from population studies particularly of the chronic form are scarce. The objective of this study was to systematically evaluate and summarize the prevalence of chronic urticaria by evaluating population‐based studies worldwide.MethodsWe performed a systematic search in PUBMED and EMBASE for population‐based studies of cross‐sectional or cohort design and studies based on health insurance/system databases. Risk of bias was assessed using a specific tool for prevalence studies. For meta‐analysis, we used a random effects model.ResultsEighteen studies were included in the systematic evaluation and 11 in the meta‐analysis including data from over 86 000 000 participants. Risk of bias was mainly moderate, whereas the statistical heterogeneity (I2) between the studies was high. Asian studies combined showed a higher point prevalence of chronic urticaria (1.4%, 95%‐CI 0.5‐2.9) than those from Europe (0.5%, 0.2‐1.0) and Northern American (0.1%, 0.1‐0.1). Women were slightly more affected than men, whereas in children < 15 years we did not find a sex‐specific difference in the prevalence. The four studies that examined time trends indicated an increasing prevalence of chronic urticaria over time.ConclusionsOn a global level, the prevalence of chronic urticaria showed considerable regional differences. There is a need to obtain more sex‐specific population‐based and standardized international data particularly for children and adolescents, different chronic urticaria subtypes and potential risk and protective factors.
Effect of two different colloid priming strategies in infants weighing less than 5 kg undergoing on‐pump cardiac surgeries
Authors: Zhou Chun , Tong Yuanyuan , Feng Zhengyi , Cui Yongli , Zhao Mingxia , Hu Jinxiao , Liu Kai , Zhao Ju , Liu Jinping 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOur aim was to explore the effect of two different priming strategies (artificial colloid only vs. artificial colloid combined with human serum albumin) on the prognosis of children weighing less than 5 kg undergoing on‐pump congenital heart disease (CHD) surgery. A total of 65 children weighing less than 5 kg who underwent on‐pump CHD surgery in our hospital from September 2016 to December 2017 were enrolled in this study. The children were randomly divided into two groups: artificial colloid priming group (AC group, n = 33) and artificial colloid combined albumin priming group (ACA group, n = 32). The primary clinical endpoint was the peri‐CPB colloid osmotic pressure (COP). Secondary clinical endpoints included perioperative blood product and hemostatic drug consumption, postoperative renal function, coagulation function, postoperative renal function, and postoperative recovery parameters. COP values were not significant in the priming system as well as peri‐CPB time points between the two groups (P > .05). Platelet consumption in the AC group was significantly lower than that in the ACA group (P < .05). There were no significant differences in the use of other blood products and hemostatic drugs as well as perioperative coagulation parameters between the two groups (P > .05). Postoperative length of stay in the AC group was significantly lower than that in the ACA group (P < .05). There were no significant differences in mortality, postoperative mechanical ventilation time, ICU time, and perioperative adverse events (including postoperative AKI) occurrences between the two groups (P > .05). In the on‐pump cardiac surgeries of patients weighing less than 5 kg, total colloidal priming would not affect peri‐CPB COP values, postoperative coagulation function, and blood products consumption. Total artificial colloidal priming strategy is feasible in low‐weight patients.
Clinical implications of LDH isoenzymes in hemolysis and continuous‐flow left ventricular assist device‐induced thrombosis
Authors: Gordon Jonathan S. , Wood Chelsey T. , Luc Jessica G. Y. , Watson Ryan A. , Maynes Elizabeth J. , Choi Jae Hwan , Morris Rohinton J. , Massey Howard Todd , Throckmorton Amy L. , Tchantchaleishvili Vakhtang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPump‐induced thrombosis continues to be a major complication of continuous‐flow left ventricular assist devices (CF‐LVADs), which increases the risks of thromboembolic stroke, peripheral thromboembolism, reduced pump flow, pump failure, cardiogenic shock, and death. This is confounded by the fact that there is currently no direct measure for a proper diagnosis during pump support. Given the severity of this complication and its required treatment, the ability to accurately differentiate CF‐LVAD pump thrombosis from other complications is vital. Hemolysis measured by elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme levels, when there is clinical suspicion of pump‐induced thrombosis, is currently accepted as an important metric used by clinicians for diagnosis; however, LDH is a relatively nonspecific finding. LDH exists as five isoenzymes in the body, each with a unique tissue distribution. CF‐LVAD pump thrombosis has been associated with elevated serum LDH‐1 and LDH‐2, as well as decreased LDH‐4 and LDH‐5. Herein, we review the various isoenzymes of LDH and their utility in differentiating hemolysis seen in CF‐LVAD pump thrombosis from other physiologic and pathologic conditions as reported in the literature.
Impact of left ventricular assist device therapy on the cardiac proteome and metabolome composition in ischemic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Shahinian Jasmin Hasmik , Rog‐Zielinska Eva A. , Schlimpert Manuel , Mayer Bettina , Tholen Stefan , Kammerer Bernd , Biniossek Martin L. , Beyersdorf Friedhelm , Schilling Oliver , Siepe Matthias 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe changes in the myocardial proteome and metabolome associated with left ventricular assist device (LVAD) therapy in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) are poorly characterized. We investigated the impact of mechanical unloading following LVAD therapy on the myocardial proteome and metabolome. Matched samples of 5 patients’ myocardial tissue, harvested at the time of LVAD implant (“pre‐LVAD”) or heart transplant (“post‐LVAD”), were studied by quantitative proteomics and metabolomics as well as being probed for T‐tubule structure and connexin‐43 distribution. Moreover, pre‐LVAD proteome profiles of ICM context were bioinformatically compared to pre‐LVAD proteome profiles of dilated cardiac myopathy (DCM). More than 2120 proteins were reliably identified and quantified in paired patient samples. LVAD therapy led to proteomic remodeling, including reduced levels of α‐1‐antichymotrypsin together with an overall decrease of immune response proteins and an increase of proteins involved in membrane biology. Metabolomics highlighted increased glucose and glucose‐6‐phosphate levels in the left ventricle upon LVAD therapy. Wheat germ agglutinin staining demonstrated improved T‐tubule structure. Connexin‐43 displayed a trend for more pronounced intercalated disc localization. In comparing pre‐LVAD proteome profiles of ICM context with pre‐LVAD proteome profiles of dilated cardiac myopathy (DCM), we noticed an overrepresentation in ICM of proteins associated with humoral immune response. Our findings underline an impact of LVAD therapy on left ventricular biology in ICM. The proteomic, metabolomic, and structural alterations described here are typically associated with cardiac recovery. On the molecular level, our findings indicate the possibility of cardiac remodeling under LVAD therapy in ICM.
Effect of glaucoma drainage implant surgery on corneal topography: a prospective study
Authors: Koivusalo Riku , Välimäki Juha 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPurposeTo study the effect of glaucoma drainage implant (GDI) surgery on corneal topography during the first postoperative year.MethodsTwenty‐one adult glaucoma patients were implanted with a Molteno3 or a Baerveldt 250 GDI. Corneal topography measurements were taken preoperatively and at 6 and 12 months after surgery. Untreated opposite eyes served as controls.ResultsIn the surgical group, the mean ± SD simulated average keratometry values were 44.36 ± 1.69 D, 44.08 ± 1.29 D (p = 0.266) and 44.15 ± 1.32 D (p = 0.554) before and 6 and 12 months after surgery, respectively. The corresponding simulated keratometry astigmatism values were 1.11 ± 1.11 D, 1.20 ± 1.01 D (p = 0.687) and 1.16 ± 0.71 D (p = 0.177). Posterior astigmatism and posterior average keratometry remained unchanged after GDI surgery as well. The mean ± SD central corneal thickness (CCT) was 530 ± 46 μm, 535 ± 56 μm (p = 0.049) and 536 ± 45 μm (p = 0.080) at 0, 6 and 12 months, respectively. A trend towards increased corneal thickness (CT) in response to GDI surgery was also seen in both the average peripheral and the tube‐quadrant peripheral CT values. At 12 months postoperatively, the mean endothelial cell density (ECD) had decreased by 8% centrally and by 9% peripherally. Corneal topography parameters, CT and ECD did not significantly change in the control group during follow‐up.ConclusionGlaucoma drainage implant (GDI) surgery did not significantly alter corneal keratometry parameters and thus seems to be an astigmatically neutral procedure. However a slight, although seemingly transient, increase in CCT was observed after GDI implantation.
Lamin A/C negatively regulated by miR‐124‐3p modulates apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells during cyclic stretch application in rats
Authors: Bao Han , Li Hai‐Peng , Shi Qian , Huang Kai , Chen Xiao‐Hu , Chen Yuan‐Xiu , Han Yue , Xiao Qian , Yao Qing‐Ping , Qi Ying‐Xin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimApoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) influenced by abnormal cyclic stretch is crucial for vascular remodelling during hypertension. Lamin A/C, a nuclear envelope protein, is mechano‐responsive, but the role of lamin A/C in VSMC apoptosis is still unclear.MethodsFX‐5000T Strain Unit provided cyclic stretch (CS) in vitro. AnnexinV/PI and cleaved Caspase 3 ELISA detected apoptosis. qPCR was used to investigate the expression of miR‐124‐3p and a luciferase reporter assay was used to evaluate the ability of miR‐124‐3p binding to the Lmna 3’UTR. Protein changes of lamin A/C and relevant molecules were detected using western blot. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and Protein/DNA array detected the potential transcription factors. Renal hypertensive rats verified these changes.ResultsHigh cyclic stretch (15%‐CS) induced VSMC apoptosis and repressed lamin A/C expressions compared with normal (5%‐CS) control. Downregulation of lamin A/C enhanced VSMC apoptosis. In addition, 15%‐CS had no significant effect on mRNA expression of Lmna, and lamin A/C degradation was not induced by autophagy. 15%‐CS elevated miR‐124‐3p bound to the 3’UTR of Lmna and negatively regulated protein expression of lamin A/C. Similar changes occurred in renal hypertensive rats compared with sham controls. Lamin A/C repression affected activity of TP53, CREB1, MYC, STAT1/5/6 and JUN, which may in turn affect apoptosis.ConclusionOur data suggested that the decreased expression of lamin A/C upon abnormal cyclic stretch and hypertension may induce VSMC apoptosis. These mechano‐responsive factors play important roles in VSMC apoptosis and might be novel therapeutic targets for vascular remodelling in hypertension.