bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison Between Vascular Plasminogen Activator Activity And Blood Flow In The Renal Cortex After Induction Of Hemorrhagic Hypotension And Infusion Of Indomethacin Or Saralasin In Pigs
Authors: Smokovitis A , Maier M , Binder B R 
Published: July 2018

Patterns of vascular plasminogen activator activity and blood flow were compared in the renal cortex of pigs after induction of hemorrhagic hypotension (1ml blood loss per kg and minute until the death of the animal) and infusion of indomethacin (prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor) or saralasin (competitive inhibitor of angiotensin II). Blood flow was measured by radioactive labelled microspheres. Pigs infused with indomethacin or saralasin during hemorrhage showed by the end of the experiments (mean arterial blood pressure 40-50 mmHg) almost the same decrease in the outer (65-70%) and inner (55-65%) renal cortical blood flow (RCBF) compared to the RCBF values before hemorrhage. However, only in saralasin treated pigs a change in the plasminogen activator activity (PAA) was induced (30% decrease in the inner and 45% in the outer renal cortex). In pigs subjected to hemorrhage and infusion of the corresponding vehicles for the inhibitors the vascular PAA in the renal cortex remained unchanged despite a marked change in RCBF (decrease to 4-7% by the end of the experiments). In indomethacin treated pigs without bleeding RCBF was diminished to 80% of the values before infusion of indomethocain until the end of the experiment (100 minutes infusion of indomethacin); no change in the vascular PAA was seen. In saralasin treated pigs without bleeding RCBF increased initially (20%) and returned to control values until the end of the experiment; the vascular PAA in the renal cortex showed a 15% decrease. Changes in plasmin inhibitor
activity in the renal cortex were not noted.Under the conditions of these experiments no correlation could be found between induced changes in RCBF and vascular PAA in the renal cortex. The vascular fibrinolytic response to saralasin should be due to an indirect effect of saralasin independent of the changes in RCBF induced by this agent
Factors Influencing The Structure Of Terminal Plasmin Degradation Products Of Human Fibrinogen And Fibrin
Authors: Nieuwenhuizen W , Vermond A , Haverkate F 
Published: July 2018

Experiments have been carried out with fibrinogen and with purified degradation products of fibrinogen and fibrin which demonstrate that the structure of D fragments obtained after prolonged plasmin digestion is influenced by several factors in the media.The previously described protective effect of calcium ions on the γ-chain carboxy-terminals of fibrinogen against plasmin attack is rather independent of the composition of the media (e.g., also observed in 2 M urea and/or high plasmin activities).Several compounds such as EDTA, EGTA, citrate and iminodiacetic acid appear to have a separate effect, which is best observed at low plasmin concentrations and in the absence of Ca2+ . Under these conditions, these compounds appear to make the γ-chain carboxy-terminal ends of the D- and D-dimer fragments more susceptible to plasmin digestion.Finally, as demonstrated by experiments with purified D;E complexes from fibrinogen and with whole fibrinogen digests, the E-moiety of the D:E complexes appears to be capable of protecting the D-moiety against low plasmin concentrations also in the absence of calcium ions.
Identification Of Membrane-Linked Proteins Acting On Blood Red Cell Filtration. Study In Cerebrovascular Accident And Thrombosis
Authors: Boisseau M R , Lorient-Roudaut M F , Manuau J P , Blanchard P , Crockett R , Bricaud H 
Published: July 2018

The blood red cell filtration (RCF) through nucleopore filters(5 μ ø) decrease in cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) and thrombosis. This disorder is related to circulating factors, especially fibrinogen and factor VIII. But after washing it also appears to be related to membrane-1 inked proteins. In this study, isolation and identification of these proteins were realized in patients with increased RCF. Have been here concerned 20 patients with CVA and/or other thrombosis, 8 days after the onset and compared to 30 controls.After the RC have been washed twice the proteins were eluted from the membrane, concentrated and submitted to usual electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis. The identification was made with specific antiserums against factor VIII, fibrinogen, fragments D and E, transferin, coeruloplasmin and using SDS polyacrylamid gel electrophoresis with, as controls, purified fibrinogen, fragments D and E, transferin, coeruloplasmin.The results were : in controls the eluted proteins are similar with an albumin/globulin ratio (A/G ) > 1. In patients with a high disorder of RCF the proteins were increased, with an inversion of the A/G. Two kinds of proteins were found : (1) a β population composed of inflammatory proteins, mainly transferin, (2), a β-α population consistuted by fibrin-related products. Concerning the whole population of patients with a high disorder in RCF, 80 % exhibited proteins induced by inflammation. In 20 % it was found proteins related to the coagulation, i.e. : fibrin related products. Finally, the disorder of RCF in thrombosis is much more due to these membrane disturbances than to circulating factors. During the clinical care of the patients it also has been observed that pentoxyphiline improved the RCF, certainly acting at the membrane level.
Enzymic Cleavage Of In Vivo Formed Maillard-Type Compounds Involved In Haemostasis
Authors: Mester L , Szabados L , Mester M 
Published: July 2018

Desoxyfructose derivatives of serotonin (Mester et al.,1975), of haemoglobin (Flückiger and Winterhalter, 1976), of poly-L-lysine (Mester et al., 1975) and of lysine rich histones (Kertesz-Crisba, 1977) are easily formed in vivo by a simple Maillard-type chemical reaction. Some of these compounds interfere with platelet functions (Mester et al.,1976) or contribute to the thickening of the basal membrane of blood vessels (Cerami et al., 1979).While the chemical synthesis of Maillard-type compounds proceeds readily even in vivo, the chemical cleavage of them needs sever conditions which certainly do not exist in vivo (Gottschalk, 1952). However, a slow liberation of serotonin from desoxyfructo-serotonin is observed in vivo, suggesting the existence of an enzyme system for the cleavage of Maillard-type sugar-amine derivatives. In vitro, using a sheep liver microsomal preparation rich in Cytochrome P450 enzyme, the liberation of serotonin is in linear correlation with the enzyme concentration. The cleavage of desoxyfructo-serotonin is activated by NADPH having its optimum at pH=7.4, excluding definitely the occurence of a chemical hydrolysis.Factors interfering with the enzyme system involved in the cleavage of Maillard-type compounds, may also interfere with haemostasis.
Venous Function After Postoperative Vinous Thrombosis Diagnosed By The 125I-Fibrinogen Uptake Test (FUT)
Authors: Bergqvist D , Hallböök T , Lindhagen A , Lindroth B 
Published: July 2018

The late venous function after a postoperative FUT-detected thrombosis is unsatisfactorily documented. This study evaluated the venous status of legs with and without FUTdetected postoperative thrombosis four to five years later. Material; 50 patients (30 male, 20 female), mean age 70 years (55-4 years), who were operated on with electiv hip surgery or abdominal surgery. All were screened with FUT to detect thrombosis. 21 patients (28 legs) developed postoperative thrombosis. Methods: At follow up a clinical examination was made and a questionaire answered. Strain-gauge plethysmography and distal ambulatory venous pressure were made as well as After Exercise Thermography (AET). In 17 legs venous pressure measurement could not be performed. Results: The clinical examination and subjective symptoms did not differ between FUT-pos. and FUT-neg. legs. 29% of the FUT-pos. legs and 26% of the FUT-neg. legs had indication of deep venous insufficiency in plethysmographic and/or venous pressure recordings. Five patients with FUT-neg. legs and signs of venous insufficiency at follow-up had had a new operation during the observation time, none had had clinical signs of thrombosis. Nine patients had FUT-pos. thrombosis extending above knee, but only one had deep venous insufficiency at follow-up. AET was pos. in 39/91 legs. Of these 9 legs (24%) were FUT-pos.Conclusion: So far this study, where 250 patients are to be included, has not revealed any difference in follow-up venous function between legs with and without postoperative thrombosis as diagnosed with FUT.
Inaccurate Diagnosis Of Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Dismuke S E 
Published: July 2018

The likelihood and implications of making a false positive or false negative diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) were studied at a large private hospital in 1980. Predictive accuracy (PreAc) of various lung scan patterns have been determined by McNeil and Biello using patients undergoing both lung scanning and pulmonary angiography. Using their criteria, 162 consecutive patients undergoing initial perfusion lung scan (ordered by 81 physicians) were studied. Cases were categorized by PreAc of the lung scan.Conclusion: So far this study, where 250 patients are to be included, has not revealed any difference in follow-up venous function between legs with and without postoperative thrombosis as diagnosed with FUT.In all groups many therapeutic decisions were made based on only medium probability for PE, increasing the possibilities of false positive and false negative diagnoses. It is therefore suggested that physicians be better educated about utilizing principles of probability and decision theory in order to help them maximize PreAc in PE. In patients with medium probability (10-90%) for PE the risks of an invasive procedure are low compared to the risks resulting from a false negative or false positive diagnosis. Therefore, more frequent use of venograms and angiograms would be indicated in this population to minimize errors in clinical decision making.
The Effect of a Tourniquet on the Kinin-Kininogen System in Blood and Muscle
Authors: Nakahara M 
Published: July 2018

SummaryDogs had tourniquet applied to their hind limbs for 4 h. Plasma kinin, plasma kininase, plasma kininogen, erythrocyte kininase, sarcoplasm kininase, sarcoplasm kinin forming enzymes, kininase from mitochondrial and lysosomal fractions, and kinin forming enzyme in mitochondrial and lysosomal fractions were examined for relationships between muscle and plasma kinins, before and after application of the tourniquet. The characteristics of kininase and kinin forming enzymes in extracts of mitochondrial and lysosomal fractions were stable to acid-heating. However, sarcoplasm kininase was unstable. A kinin forming enzyme which is stable to acid-heating was found in the plasma obtained after release of the tourniquet. A substance which acts as an accelerator of plasma kininase was present also in extracts from mitochondrial and lysosomal fractions. An increase in plasma kinin after release of the tourniquet was followed by a decrease in plasma kininogen content and by an increase in the activities of plasma kininase and erythrocyte kininase. From the results obtained, it appears that kinin forming enzymes may be released from ischemic muscle into the circulating blood after the release of the tourniquet, along with accelerators of plasma kininase. A mechanism to explain the increase in plasma kinin content is discussed.
Blood Coagulation
Authors: Seegers Walter H. , Grammens Gary L. , McCoy Lowell E. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryPreparations of platelet factor 3 accelerated the conversion of purified autoprothrombin III (F-X) to autoprothrombin C (F-X?). The reaction was slow and the yields were low. Purified Hageman factor or purified autoprothrombin II (F-IX?) functioned as platelet cofactors. Each increased the yield of autoprothrombin C from purified autoprothrombin III above that obtained with platelet factor 3 alone. Hageman protein thus has a role in the direct acceleration of the first basic reaction in blood coagulation. Purified prothrombin was made refractory to the two-stage analytical reagents with Hageman factor.
The Biological Disappearance Rate of Prothrombin, Factors VII, IX and X from Plasma in Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism, and During Fever
Authors: Loeliger E. A , van der Esch B , Mattern Mieke J , Hemker H. C 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe biological disappearance rate of coagulation factors II, VIT, IX and X from plasma is decreased in myxoedema and increased in thyreotoxicosis. In patients with elevated body temperatures, an increase of up to three times the normal rate was observed. The clinical implications of these findings are briefly discussed.
Basic Enzymology of Blood Coagulation*
Authors: Seegers W. H 
Published: July 2018

SummaryI have considered the accuracy of the “enzyme cascade” sequence or “waterfall sequence” for blood clotting proposed recently. My remarks are not intended to be exhaustive, but rather representative of a perspective. I regard these presentations as being at the speculative level of science, created with a wild use of the imagination. Some of the clotting factor precursors that are supposed to be converted in succession to active enzymes may not exist and certainly are not known to be enzymes. I find it against my sense of order to believe that six proteolytical enzymes are needed to get thrombin. That would require six special sites in proteins where each enzyme does its work. Each enzyme would not split the other five sites if located as single or multiple frequencies in the five other substrates. While creating hypothetical enzymes and assigning Roman numerals to them the well documented function of the best known enzyme; namely, thrombin is disregarded. The capacity of prothrombin to form derivatives is disregarded. This immediately places the superstructure on a false base. The sequence is definitely not in accurate order. There is no elaborate mobilization of chemical events on the periphery of prothrombin which leads to doing something to prothrombin. The second known enzyme, autoprothrombin C, is included in the plasma-platelet system (intrinsic) whereas its main, if not exclusive place, is in the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin when tissue-plasma-platelet mechanisms are in operation. What is meant by t he term prothrombin is not clarified, and the way in which the required phospholipid originates is not accounted for. If there is a factor XII it is not the exclusive way to create conditions that will initiate prothrombin activation in the plasma-platelet system. Most of the steps postulated could only be accurate if it were possible to deny important conclusions stated in papers which are not at all considered. Evidently refutation of facts in these papers was not possible and a parochial kind of authority was promoted1 ) on the basis of “consistent with most of the current investigations”. I like to recal11 ) the words of Henry David Thoreau: “Any man more right than his neighbor, constitutes a majority of one.” The advances in prothrombin chemistry are sufficiently substantial for the formulation of a conceptual theme consistent with principles of enzymology, and as I have indicated above, can also serve as a clarification of the proposed cascade or waterfall diagrams.
Possessive semantic relations and construction types in Kukama-Kukamiria
Authors: Vallejos Rosa 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This study examines the correlations between possessive semantic relations and construction types in Kukama-Kukamiria (Amazon of Peru). The language does not have lexical verbs such as ‘have’, ‘belong,’ or a copula to predicate ownership. Yet possession can be inferred from other constructions, including: a predicate nominal construction with two juxtaposed NPs in which the possessor is encoded in the first NP, and the possessed in the second NP; an existential construction in which the possessor and possessed elements are expressed within an NP; and a combination of the existential and locative construction in which the possessor is expressed in the locative phrase, and the possessed in the NP. Heine (1997) predicts that the equative schema will encode physical possession; the existence schema, permanent and inalienable possession; whereas the location schema, physical and temporary possession. An examination of a text corpus reveals that Heine’s predictions are partially confirmed. Importantly, the equative construction encodes permanent ownership, which suggests that this is the most conventionalized linguistic expression of possession in Kukama-Kukamiria.
Evidence for the development of action nominals in Awetí towards ergatively-marked predicates
Authors: Reiter Sabine 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Non-verbal predicates without any copula occur at a high frequency in Awetí discourse. Especially numerous are action nominals as heads of action nominal constructions (ANCs) with the structure of possessive NPs. There is evidence that in this Tupian language action nominals of a specific type have lost their pragmatic markedness and undergone a reanalysis as nuclei of main clause predicates. This tendency of a reanalysis of nominalizations has been observed in a variety of South American language families. As monoclausal constructions, ANCs have properties and possibilities which are absent in clauses with finite verbs. One of them is their consistent ergative person-marking and ordering of constituents, compared to Awetí finite verbs with their asymmetrical indexing pattern, and a constituent order in clauses with finite verbs which is motivated by discourse-pragmatic principles. Another is the possibility of a change in perspective in 3rd person arguments marked by an ‘antipassive’ on an action nominal, while 3rd person reference on finite verbs is determined by a person-animacy hierarchy.
Succeeding competently: towards an anti-luck condition for achievement
Authors: von Kriegstein Hasko 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAchievements are among the things that make a life good. Assessing the plausibility of this intuitive claim requires an account of the nature of achievements. One necessary condition for achievement appears to be that the achieving agent acted competently, i.e. was not just lucky. I begin by critically assessing existing accounts of anti-luck conditions for achievements in both the ethics and epistemology literature. My own proposal is that a goal is reached competently (and thus an achievement), only if the actions of the would-be-achiever make success likely, and that this is the reason why she acts that way.
Production Risks, Risk Preference and Contract Farming: Impact on Food Security in India
Authors: Mishra Ashok K , Kumar Anjani , Joshi Pramod K , D’Souza Alwin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis article reviews the literature on contract farming (CF) in India and assesses the impact of smallholders’ perceived production risks on the adoption of CF; the impact of CF on smallholders’ food security; and its impact on employment generation in their farming enterprises. We also show the impact of the outcome variables by risk preference of smallholders. Using farm‐level data and endogenous switching regression methods, this study presents three key findings. First, the perception of weather and pest risk, access to irrigation facilities, extension visits, and access to institutional credit are the main drivers of CF adoption. Second, CF adoption increases food security and varies with the revealed risk preference of smallholders, and risk‐seeking smallholders tend to gain higher food security. Third, regardless of revealed risk preferences, smallholders who did not adopt CF benefit from adoption by reducing their labor requirements, with no significant losses in yield.
Bone marrow cell response after injury and during early stage of regeneration is independent of the tissue‐of‐injury in 2 injury models
Authors: Leitão Luís , Alves Cecília J. , Alencastre Inês S. , Sousa Daniela M. , Neto Estrela , Conceiçâo Francisco , Leitão Catarina , Aguiar Paulo , Almeida-Porada Graça , Lamghari Meriem 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTSelectively recruiting bone marrow (BM)‐derived stem and progenitor cells to injury sites is a promising therapeutic approach. The coordinated action of soluble factors is thought to trigger the mobilization of stem cells from the BM and recruit them to lesions to contribute to tissue regeneration. Nevertheless, the temporal response profile of the major cellular players and soluble factors involved in priming the BM and recruiting BM‐derived cells to promote regeneration is unknown. We show that injury alters the BM cellular composition, introducing population‐specific fluctuations during tissue regeneration. We demonstrate that injury causes an immediate, transient response of mesenchymal stromal cells and endothelial cells followed by a nonoverlapping increase in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Moreover, BM reaction is identical whether the injury is inflicted on skin and muscle or also involves a bone defect, but these 2 injury paradigms trigger distinct systemic cytokine responses. Together, our results indicate that the BM response to injury in the early stages of regeneration is independent of the tissue‐of‐injury based on the 2 models used, but the injured tissue dictates the systemic cytokine response.—Leitão, L., Alves, C. J., Alencastre, I. S., Sousa, D. M., Neto, E., Conceição, F., Leitão, C., Aguiar, P., Almeida‐Porada, G., Lamghari, M. Bone marrow cell response after injury and during early stage of regeneration is independent of the tissue‐of‐injury in 2 injury models. FASEB J. 33, 857–872 (2019). www.fasebj.org
Six versus 12 Months of Anti Tubercular Therapy in Patients With Biopsy Proven Spinal Tuberculosis
Authors: Nene Abhay M. , Patil Sanganagouda , Kathare Ambadas P. , Nagad Premik , Nene Amita , Kapadia Farhad 
Published: July 2018

Study Design.
A single center pilot study, open labeled, prospective randomized clinical trial.

Objective.
To compare six versus 12 months of anti TB therapy in patients with biopsy proven spinal TB.

Summary of Background Data.
There is no clear consensus or evidence based guidelines for the duration of treatment of spinal tuberculosis. We studied if 6 and 12 months of anti tubercular therapy (ATT) had equivalent outcomes at 24 months from completion of therapy.

Methods.
A prospective randomized open labeled clinical trial of 6 versus 12 months ATT in patients with biopsy proven spinal-vertebral tuberculosis. The primary end point was absence of recurrence 24 months after completing therapy. Secondary end points were clinical cure at the end of therapy, significant adverse effect of ATT, need for delayed surgery, and residual neurological dysfunction.

Results.
Hundred patients, randomized to 6 or 12 months ATT, were followed up for a minimum of 24 months from completion of therapy. All patients completed scheduled duration of ATT, with one crossover from 6 months ATT group to 12 months. There were no recurrences of disease on the 24 months follow up following completion of ATT. All 100 patients met criteria for cure at time of stopping medicines. One patient (12 months group) had residual neurological dysfunction at the time of stopping treatment, which completely resolved over the next 12 months.
There were no patients with major drug induced hepatitis. One patient (12 months group) needed percutaneous drainage of an abscess. None needed surgical re-exploration for persistent infection of implant removal.

Conclusion.
This pilot study concludes that, in patients with biopsy proven spinal-vertebral, TB, 6 and 12 months of ATT give similar clinical outcomes at 24 months of completion of therapy.

Level of Evidence: 2