bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rational Fabrication of Nitrogen and Sulfur Codoped Carbon Nanotubes/MoS2 for High‐Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Xiang Kaixiong , Wen Xiaoyu , Hu Jun , Wang Sicheng , Chen Han 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLithium–sulfur batteries are more promising and attractive than lithium‐ion batteries owing to a higher charge‐storage capacity. However, their commercial applications are hindered by an undesirable polysulfide shuttling effect during the cycling procedure. Herein, nitrogen and sulfur codoped carbon nanotubes intertwined with flower‐like molybdenum disulfide (NSCNTs/MoS2) were synthesized by using a feasible hydrothermal method and used as effective lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) tamers. The NSCNTs/MoS2 had a strong hybrid structure with strong interfacial interactions for physical confinement, chemical adsorption, and electrocatalytic conversion of intermediate LiPSs during the charge–discharge process. The NSCNTs intensified the flexibility and constructed a conductive framework for rapid ion/electron transfer, whereas the electrocatalysis of MoS2 managed the sulfur reaction chemistry in two ways: it chemically immobilized LiPSs through Li−S bonds and kinetically sped up the sulfur redox reactions. Owing to these merits, the Li–S cell with a NSCNTs/MoS2 host and NSCNTs/MoS2‐coated separator (NSCNTs/MoS2/S‐NM) exhibited a high reversible capacity of 814 mAh g−1 at 1.0 C and long‐lasting cycling durability with an ultralow capacity decay of 0.02 % per cycle over 1000 cycles. Accordingly, rationally integrating the concepts of physical immobilization, chemical capture, and electrocatalysis to establish a multifaced cell structure for the architecture of high‐performance Li–S batteries is a significant strategy.
Diabetic neuropathy in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: Diagnosis, pathogenesis, and associated genetic markers
Authors: Kallinikou Dimitra , Soldatou Alexandra , Tsentidis Charalambos , Louraki Maria , Kanaka‐Gantenbein Christina , Kanavakis Emmanouil , Karavanaki Kyriaki 
Published: May 2019

SummaryDiabetic neuropathy (DN) is a common long‐term complication of type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes mellitus, with significant morbidity and mortality. DN is defined as impaired function of the autonomic and/or peripheral nervous system, often subclinical, particularly in children and adolescents with T1D. Nerve conduction studies (NCS) and skin biopsies are considered gold‐standard methods in the assessment of DN. Multiple environmental and genetic factors are involved in the pathogenesis of DN. Specifically, the role of metabolic control and glycemic variability is of paramount importance. A number of recently identified genes, including the AKR1B1, VEGF, MTHFR, APOE, and ACE genes, contribute significantly in the pathogenesis of DN. These genes may serve as biomarkers to predict future DN development or treatment response. In addition, they may serve as the basis for the development of new medications or gene therapy. In this review, the diagnostic evaluation, pathogenesis, and associated genetic markers of DN in children and adolescents with T1D are presented and discussed.
In vitro metabolism of the novel synthetic opioid agonist cyclopropylfentanyl and subsequent confirmation in authentic human samples using liquid chromatography‐high resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Cutler Charlotte , Hudson Simon 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNovel synthetic opioids (NSOs) are a class of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) that are growing in popularity and presenting a significant public health risk. Included in this class are derivatives of the highly potent analgesic, fentanyl. Cyclopropylfentanyl (CycP‐F) was first reported to the EU Early Warning System in August 2017, and was subsequently linked to more than 100 deaths in the US alone. Limited pharmacological, pharmacokinetic or toxicological data is available for many emerging NSOs; however we can expect novel fentanyl analogues to present limited detection windows, short onset, narrow therapeutic indices and the potential for very high potency. Knowledge of the metabolism of these drugs is essential for the identification of analytical targets for their detection. Therefore in vitro metabolites of CycP‐F were produced using human liver microsomal incubations. Metabolites formed were elucidated using liquid chromatography‐high resolution accurate mass analysis (LC‐HRAM). Identified metabolites were added to our accurate mass screening database for NPS which was utilised for subsequent screening analysis. CycP‐F and metabolites were identified in two human blood case samples. Eleven metabolites were identified in vitro, with the major metabolites produced via N‐dealkylation, monohydroxylation and N‐oxidation. Analysis of the positive case samples identified four in vivo metabolites, all of which were observed in vitro. The major metabolite identified in vitro and in vivo was the N‐dealkylated nor‐metabolite; two further mono‐hydroxylated and one dihydroxylated metabolite were detected in vivo.
Recent development in chitosan nanocomposites for surface‐based biosensor applications
Authors: Jiang Yu , Wu Jayne 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRecent years have witnessed ever expanding use of biosensors in the fields of environmental monitoring, homeland security, pharmaceutical, food and bioprocessing, and agricultural industries. To produce effective and reliable biosensors, good quality immobilization of biological recognition elements is critical. Chitosan and its nanocomposites emerge as an excellent immobilization matrix on biosensor surface. As a natural polysaccharide, chitosan has many useful characteristics, such as high permeability and mechanical strength, biocompatibility and non‐toxicity, availability, and low cost. Due to the presence of amino and hydroxyl groups on chitosan, chitosan can easily crosslink with a variety of nanomaterials. This investigation of chitosan nanocomposite‐based biosensors presents recent development and innovations in the preparation of chitosan nanocomposites in coordination with biosensors for various bio‐detection applications, including chitosan nanocomposites formed with carbon nanomaterials, various inorganic and biological complexes. These chitosan nanocomposite based biosensors have demonstrated good sensitivity selectivity and stability for the detection of different types of targets ranging from glucose, proteins, DNAs, small biomolecules to bacteria. It is in our hope that this review will offer guidance for the development of novel biosensors and open up opportunities in the field of biosensor research.
Modeling and energy management of a photovoltaic‐fuel cell‐battery hybrid electric vehicle
Authors: Huang Zhiyu , Zhang Caizhi , Zeng Tao , Lv Chen , Chan Siew H. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAutomobile power systems are increasingly in need of renewable and clean energy sources such as solar energy and fuel cells in the context of global warming. This article investigates the feasibility of a photovoltaic‐fuel cell‐battery hybrid electric vehicle (PVFCHEV) via a model‐based approach and delivers two major original contributions. First, a completed PVFCHEV system, which consists of the electric power system, the control system, and the vehicle powertrain system, is modeled in detail in Matlab/Simulink environment. Second, a fuzzy logic control based energy management strategy (EMS) is developed, aiming to maximize solar energy utilization under the fast‐changing power demand, the variance of solar energy, and different levels of battery state‐of‐charge. The simulation results of the functional test, including idling, accelerating, and cruising at different solar radiations and battery states, reveal that the designed vehicular power system and the EMS work reasonably well. Then, with the simulation of a particular driving cycle test in three typical scenarios (high, low, and zero solar radiances with different battery SOC), the power system proves to work effectively and adaptively in different situations under the regulation of the EMS and demonstrates better fuel economy than using a widely‐adopted power‐following control strategy.
Hepatocyte Deletion of Triglyceride‐Synthesis Enzyme Acyl CoA: Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase 2 Reduces Steatosis Without Increasing Inflammation or Fibrosis in Mice
Authors: Gluchowski Nina L. , Gabriel Katlyn R. , Chitraju Chandramohan , Bronson Roderick T. , Mejhert Niklas , Boland Sebastian , Wang Kun , Lai Zon Weng , Farese Robert V. , Walther Tobias C. 
Published: May 2019

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by excess lipid accumulation in hepatocytes and represents a huge public health problem owing to its propensity to progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and liver failure. The lipids stored in hepatic steatosis (HS) are primarily triglycerides (TGs) synthesized by two acyl‐CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) enzymes. Either DGAT1 or DGAT2 catalyzes this reaction, and these enzymes have been suggested to differentially utilize exogenous or endogenously synthesized fatty acids, respectively. DGAT2 has been linked to storage of fatty acids from de novo lipogenesis, a process increased in NAFLD. However, whether DGAT2 is more responsible for lipid accumulation in NAFLD and progression to fibrosis is currently unknown. Also, it is unresolved whether DGAT2 can be safely inhibited as a therapy for NAFLD. Here, we induced NAFLD‐like disease in mice by feeding a diet rich in fructose, saturated fat, and cholesterol and found that hepatocyte‐specific Dgat2 deficiency reduced expression of de novo lipogenesis genes and lowered liver TGs by ~70%. Importantly, the reduction in steatosis was not accompanied by increased inflammation or fibrosis, and insulin and glucose metabolism were unchanged. Conclusion: This study suggests that hepatic DGAT2 deficiency successfully reduces diet‐induced HS and supports development of DGAT2 inhibitors as a therapeutic strategy for treating NAFLD and preventing downstream consequences.
Inorganic Quantum Dot Materials and their Applications in “Organic” Hybrid Solar Cells
Authors: Li Benxuan , Kim Jong Min , Amaratunga Gehan A. J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSemiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are promising materials for polymer‐nanocrystal hybrid solar cells (HSCs). The aim of this review article is to present a comprehensive and current overview of inorganic QDs and their applications in HSCs. Fundamental properties of QDs are first illustrated. And then recent studies that have been done to elucidate charge dynamics of QDs and improve hybrid device performance are summarised and discussed in detail. Finally, an outlook is presented considering current existing challenges in HSCs.
Maternal and infant characteristics connected to shared pleasure in dyadic interaction
Authors: Puura Kaija , Leppänen Jukka , Salmelin Raili , Mäntymaa Mirjami , Luoma Ilona , Latva Reija , Peltola Mikko , Lehtimäki Terho , Tamminen Tuula 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThe aim of the study was to analyze which maternal factors (depressive symptoms, effect of life events, maternal sensitivity and structuring) and infant characteristics (temperament, social withdrawal symptoms, interactive behavior, genotype, gender) contribute to shared pleasure (SP) in parent–infant interaction. Participants were 113 mother–infant dyads. The mothers filled in the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, the Infant Behavior Questionnaire, and the Life Events Questionnaire. The dyads were videotaped in a free‐play situation, and the videos were analyzed using the Alarm Distress Baby Scale and the Emotional Availability Scales. The infants were genotyped for four genes involved in emotion regulation. The occurrence and duration of SP (SP‐MD) in mother–infant interactions were analyzed from the videotapes. Higher maternal sensitivity and depressive symptoms, better infant responsiveness, and the infant having the GG variant of the gene tryptophan hydroxylase isoform 2 (TPH2) ‐307 were associated with the occurrence of SP. Lower level depressive symptoms, better maternal structuring, and greater infant involvement were associated with the longer duration of SP. Those dyads where the mother and infant were best able to read each other's positive cues and to respond to them were more likely to experience mutual positive affect, as seen in SP.
Fingerprint‐to‐CH stretch continuously tunable high spectral resolution stimulated Raman scattering microscope
Authors: Laptenok Sergey P. , Rajamanickam Vijayakumar P. , Genchi Luca , Monfort Tual , Lee Yeonwoo , Patel Imran I. , Bertoncini Andrea , Liberale Carlo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractStimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy is a label‐free method generating images based on chemical contrast within samples, and has already shown its great potential for high‐sensitivity and fast imaging of biological specimens. The capability of SRS to collect molecular vibrational signatures in bio‐samples, coupled with the availability of powerful statistical analysis methods, allows quantitative chemical imaging of live cells with sub‐cellular resolution. This application has substantially driven the development of new SRS microscopy platforms. Indeed, in recent years, there has been a constant effort on devising configurations able to rapidly collect Raman spectra from samples over a wide vibrational spectral range, as needed for quantitative analysis by using chemometric methods. In this paper, an SRS microscope which exploits spectral shaping by a narrowband and rapidly tunable acousto‐optical tunable filter (AOTF) is presented. This microscope enables spectral scanning from the Raman fingerprint region to the Carbon‐Hydrogen (CH)‐stretch region without any modification of the optical setup. Moreover, it features also a high enough spectral resolution to allow resolving Raman peaks in the crowded fingerprint region. Finally, application of the developed SRS microscope to broadband hyperspectral imaging of biological samples over a large spectral range from 800 to 3600 cm−1, is demonstrated.
VEGFA From Early Osteoblast Lineage Cells (Osterix+) Is Required in Mice for Fracture Healing
Authors: Buettmann Evan G , McKenzie Jennifer A , Migotsky Nicole , Sykes David AW , Hu Pei , Yoneda Susumu , Silva Matthew J 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
Bone formation via intramembranous and endochondral ossification is necessary for successful healing after a wide range of bone injuries. The pleiotropic cytokine, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) has been shown, via nonspecific pharmacologic inhibition, to be indispensable for angiogenesis and ossification following bone fracture and cortical defect repair. However, the importance of VEGFA expression by different cell types during bone healing is not well understood. We sought to determine the role of VEGFA from different osteoblast cell subsets following clinically relevant models of bone fracture and cortical defect. Ubiquitin C (UBC), Osterix (Osx), or Dentin matrix protein 1 (Dmp1) Cre-ERT2 mice (male and female) containing floxed VEGFA alleles (VEGFAfl/fl) were either given a femur full fracture, ulna stress fracture, or tibia cortical defect at 12 weeks of age. All mice received tamoxifen continuously starting 2 weeks before bone injury and throughout healing. UBC Cre-ERT2 VEGFAfl/fl (UBC cKO) mice, which were used to mimic nonspecific inhibition, had minimal bone formation and impaired angiogenesis across all bone injury models. UBC cKO mice also exhibited impaired periosteal cell proliferation during full fracture, but not stress fracture repair. Osx Cre-ERT2 VEGFAfl/fl (Osx cKO) mice, but not Dmp1 Cre-ERT2 VEGFAfl/fl (Dmp1 cKO) mice, showed impaired periosteal bone formation and angiogenesis in models of full fracture and stress fracture. Neither Osx cKO nor Dmp1 cKO mice demonstrated significant impairments in intramedullary bone formation and angiogenesis following cortical defect. These data suggest that VEGFA from early osteolineage cells (Osx+), but not mature osteoblasts/osteocytes (Dmp1+), is critical at the time of bone injury for rapid periosteal angiogenesis and woven bone formation during fracture repair. Whereas VEGFA from another cell source, not from the osteoblast cell lineage, is necessary at the time of injury for maximum cortical defect intramedullary angiogenesis and osteogenesis. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Accelerated excitation‐independent characteristic basis function method with multiscale adaptive cross approximation for monostatic radar cross section of dielectric objects
Authors: Huang Fei , Sun Yufa 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAn accelerated excitation‐independent characteristic basis function method (CBFM) combined with the multiscale adaptive cross approximation (MSACA) is proposed to analyze electromagnetic scattering from dielectric objects with volume equivalence principle. In CBFM, the adaptive cross approximation (ACA) is hybridized to improve the filling of mutual‐impedance matrices, except for the mutual‐impedance matrices of adjacent blocks, which are calculated by the time‐consuming method of moments (MoM). In this study, a new hybrid CBFM with MSACA is proposed to improve the filling of the mutual‐impedance matrix, which achieves excellent effect. Moreover, an accelerated approach is adopted to remove the redundant excitations in advance by the ACA‐singular value decomposition, leading to great reduction on the CPU time of the generation of the characteristic basis functions. The validity of the proposed method is illustrated with the systematic analysis of canonical geometries, and numerical results are given to demonstrate its efficiency and accuracy.
Determination of proton stopping power ratio with dual‐energy CT in 3D‐printed tissue/air cavity surrogates
Authors: Polf Jerimy C. , Mille Matthew M. , Mossahebi Sina , Chen Haijian , Maggi Paul , Chen‐Mayer Huaiyu 
Published: May 2019

PurposeTo study the accuracy with which proton stopping power ratio (SPR) can be determined with dual‐energy computed tomography (DECT) for small structures and bone–tissue–air interfaces like those found in the head or in the neck.MethodsHollow cylindrical polylactic acid (PLA) plugs (3 cm diameter, 5 cm height) were 3D printed containing either one or three septa with thicknesses tsepta = 0.8, 1.6, 3.2, and 6.4 mm running along the length of the plug. The cylinders were inserted individually into a tissue‐equivalent head phantom (16 cm diameter, 5 cm height). First, DECT scans were obtained using a Siemens SOMATOM Definition Edge CT scanner. Effective atomic number (Zeff) and electron density (ρe) images were reconstructed from the DECT to produce SPR‐CT images of each plug. Second, independent elemental composition analysis of the PLA plastic was used to determine the Zeff and ρe for calculating the theoretical SPR (SPR‐TH) using the Bethe–Bloch equation. Finally, for each plug, a direct measurement of SPR (SPR‐DM) was obtained in a clinical proton beam. The values of SPR‐CT, SPR‐TH, and SPR‐DM were compared.ResultsThe SPR‐CT for PLA agreed with SPR‐DM for tsepta ≥ 3 mm (for CT slice thicknesses of 0.5, 1.0, and 3.0 mm). The density of PLA was found to decrease with thickness when tsepta < 3 mm. As tsepta (and density) decreased, the SPR‐CT values also decreased, in good agreement with SPR‐DM and SPR‐TH.ConclusionOverall, the DECT‐based SPR‐CT was within 3% of SPR‐TH and SPR‐DM in the high‐density gradient regions of the 3D‐printed plugs for septa greater than ~ 3mm in thickness.
Data‐driven identification of tumor subregions based on intravoxel incoherent motion reveals association with proliferative activity
Authors: Jalnefjord Oscar , Montelius Mikael , Arvidsson Jonathan , Forssell‐Aronsson Eva , Starck Göran , Ljungberg Maria 
Published: May 2019

PurposeIntravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) analysis gives information on tissue diffusion and perfusion and may thus have a potential for e.g. tumor tissue characterization. This work aims to study if clustering based on IVIM parameter maps can identify tumor subregions, and to assess the relevance of obtained subregions by histological analysis.MethodsFourteen mice with human neuroendocrine tumors were examined with diffusion‐weighted imaging to obtain IVIM parameter maps. Gaussian mixture models with IVIM maps from all tumors as input were used to partition voxels into k clusters, where k = 2 was chosen for further analysis based on goodness of fit. Clustering was performed with and without the perfusion‐related IVIM parameter , and with and without including spatial information. The validity of the clustering was assessed by comparison with corresponding histologically stained tumor sections. A Ki‐67‐based index quantifying the degree of tumor proliferation was considered appropriate for the comparison based on the obtained cluster characteristics.ResultsThe clustering resulted in one class with low diffusion and high perfusion and another with slightly higher diffusion and low perfusion. Strong agreement was found between tumor subregions identified by clustering and subregions identified by histological analysis, both regarding size and spatial agreement. Neither nor spatial information had substantial effects on the clustering results.ConclusionsThe results of this study show that IVIM parameter maps can be used to identify tumor subregions using a data‐driven framework based on Gaussian mixture models. In the studied tumor model, the obtained subregions showed agreement with proliferative activity.
Long‐term remission of bilateral Wilms tumors that developed from premature separation of chromatids/mosaic variegated aneuploidy syndrome due to bilateral nephrectomy and peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Ochiai Kayo , Yamada Ai , Kimoto Yasuhiro , Imamura Hideaki , Ikeda Toshio , Matsukubo Makoto , Ieiri Satoshi , Moritake Hiroshi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe report a 38‐month‐old Japanese male with premature chromatid separation/mosaic variegated aneuploidy syndrome bearing biallelic BUB1B germline mutations who suffered from bilateral Wilms tumor. After right nephrectomy, dactinomycin monotherapy was administered for the left Wilms tumor; however, severe adverse reaction prevented the patient from receiving further chemotherapy. Left nephrectomy was then performed without postoperative chemotherapy. The patient survived for 15 months after bilateral nephrectomy without peritoneal relapse, metastasis of Wilms tumor, or the occurrence of rhabdomyosarcoma and maintained a good quality of life while receiving peritoneal dialysis at home.
Influence of imine‐carbon substituent in 6‐bromo‐2‐iminopyridine‐based cobalt(II) complexes on 1,3‐butadiene polymerization
Authors: Wang Feng , Liu Heng , Hu Yanming , Zhang Xuequan 
Published: May 2019

Abstract6‐Bromo‐2‐iminopyridine cobalt(II) complexes bearing different imine‐carbon substituents (Co1–Co7) were synthesized and subsequently employed for 1,3‐butadiene polymerization. All the complexes were identified using Fourier transform infrared spectra and elemental analysis, and complexes Co1 and Co3 were further characterized using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis, demonstrating they adopted distorted trigonal bipyramidal and tetrahedral geometries, respectively. Activated by methylaluminoxane, these complexes exhibited high cis‐1,4 selectivity, and the activity was highly dependent on the substituent at the imine‐carbon position of the ligand. Addition of PPh3 to the polymerization systems could enhance the catalytic activity and simultaneously switched the selectivity from cis‐1,4 to cis‐1,2 manner. On the basis of the obtained results, a plausible mechanism involving the regulation of selectivity and activity is proposed. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry