bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulatory sciences and translational pharmacogenetics: amitriptyline as a case in point
Authors: Mifsud Buhagiar Luana , Micallef Benjamin , Borg John Joseph , Vella Helen , Serracino Inglott Anthony , LaFerla Godfrey 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Regulatory developments and clinical implementation, or the lack thereof, are primary clinchers, in the enduring endeavors to realize the translational quality of pharmacogenetics. Here, we present the case of amitriptyline, an established drug with pharmacogenetic implications. The integration of pharmacogenetic information in the official product literature and throughout the evaluation of safety concerns is considered. In our opinion, apart from emboldening genomic research in drug development and the valid pursuit towards global harmonization in the field, it is rational to look into the applicability of the data we have today.
Synthesis of pyrazolopyridine and pyrazoloquinoline derivatives by one-pot, three-component reactions of arylglyoxals, 3-methyl-1-aryl-1H-pyrazol-5-amines and cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds in the presence of tetrapropylammonium bromide
Authors: Marjani Ahmad Poursattar , Khalafy Jabbar , Akbarzadeh Somayeh 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Pyrazolopyridine and pyrazoloquinoline derivatives were obtained by a one-pot, three-component reaction of arylglyoxals, 3-methyl-1-aryl-1H-pyrazol-5-amines and cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds in the presence of tetrapropylammonium bromide at 80°C in water through Knoevenagel and Micheal reactions, followed by intramolecular condensation, unexpected dearoylation and oxidation. Mild reaction conditions, high yields, simplicity of work up procedure, starting materials availability and clean product formation are some of the main advantages of this synthetic strategy.
Sleeping beauties in materials science: unlocking the value of xylarium specimens in the search for timbers of the future
Authors: Deklerck Victor , De Mil Tom , Kondjo Patrick , Beeckman Hans , Van Acker Joris , Van den Bulcke Jan 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Wood ranks among the most valued resources in construction, for joinery and furniture. Rather than increasing the pressure on a limited number of species, we need to move towards a fit for purpose approach where the basis for selection of a material is a solid knowledge of its relevant properties. Therefore, knowledge about wood technological characteristics of a vast range of wood species is needed. Here, we exploit the potential of xylarium samples by mapping wood density and dimensional stability, using digital image correlation (DIC) on non-standardised samples, of 53 different tropical wood species from the Congo Basin. Furthermore, we attempt to link the results with quantitative anatomical features of the different species tested. DIC proved successful compared to standard calliper measurements on reference samples (R2-radial = 0.94, R2-tangential = 0.96). Vessel properties play a larger role towards explaining dimensional stability compared to wood density. Fibre wall thickness is positively related to wood density and volumetric swelling. We are able to differentiate between species and sample groups with similar behaviour, partially explained by their anatomical structure. Selecting species based on the required properties for the targeted end use as such can unlock the potential of currently unknown species.
First things first: The pragmatics of “natural order”
Authors: Horn Laurence 
Published: May 2019

AbstractClassical rhetoricians dating back to Aristotle sought to define the principles of natural order that determine priority in sequences, especially in linguistic representations. Among the principles with the widest predictive power for the ancients and their modern heirs are those stating that A can be prior to B “with respect to temporal order”, that A can be prior to B with respect to what is “known or less informative” than what comes later, and that A can be prior to B with respect to what is “better” or “more worthy”. But when and how do these ordering principles influence the form of linguistic sequences, and how are conflicts between the principles resolved? What determines the priority between the principles of priority? What makes “natural order” natural? Drawing on over two millennia of scholarship, we explore the pragmatic motivation for the primary ordering principles, and in particular for those affecting the order of logically symmetric but rhetorically asymmetric conjunctions.
Herman Oliphant, stare decisis and the primacy of pragmatics in legal reasoning (with a brief excursion into neuropragmatics)
Authors: Butler Brian E. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Capone and Bucca argue that legal interpretation can go significantly wrong when founded upon a false conception of language and linguistic practices. This claim is correct. Specifically, semantic-based theories of linguistic meaning that are based upon the idea that a “core” semantic meaning can be identified outside of context and then needs to be “pragmatically enriched” for specific applications get the project of understanding language use in the legal context profoundly backwards. This paper emphasizes the primacy of an embedded pragmatics over other conceptions of linguistic meaning and practice in law. Herman Oliphant, in “A Return to Stare Decisis” offers an argument that helps strengthen the claim for the “primacy of pragmatics” in law. His work also shows that if the primacy of pragmatics is accepted, not only does this have significant impact upon actual legal practice, but it also highlights worrisome blind spots in currently dominant philosophical theories of law. His argument is that a conception of law that is centered upon such an appeal to principle, stare dictis, leads to a legal practice based upon distorting abstractions and a false conception of language use in law pulled out of its worldly roots. Because of this, he argues that stare dictis is detrimental to a living and empirically effective and informed legal system. Hence the need for a return of stare decisis properly understood. His article gives some grounds for critiquing many dominant philosophical theories of law. Oliphant’s theory is, importantly, compatible with, and supported by, a picture of language use offered by Jaszczolt and recent work in neuropragmatism. This, in turn, can be thought as further verification of Capone and Buccas’ assertion that the adoption of a false theory of language can have far ranging and detrimental effects upon legal practice and legal theory.
Utilization of a shared decision-making tool in a female infant with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and genital ambiguity
Authors: Chawla Reeti , Weidler Erica M. , Hernandez Janett , Grimbsy Gwen , van Leeuwen Kathleen 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Shared decision-making (SDM) is the process by which patients/families and providers make healthcare decisions together. Our team of multidisciplinary disorders of sex development (DSD) has developed an SDM tool for parents and female patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and associated genital atypia.

What is new
Elective genital surgery is considered controversial. SDM in a patient with genital atypia will allow patient/family to make an informed decision regarding surgical intervention.

Case presentation
Our patient is a 2.5-year-old female with CAH and genital atypia. Initially, her parents had intended to proceed with surgery; however, after utilizing the SDM checklist, they made an informed decision to defer urogenital sinus surgery for their daughter.

Conclusions
We successfully utilized an SDM tool with parents of a female infant with CAH and genital atypia, which allowed them to make an informed decision regarding surgery for their daughter. Future directions include a prospective enrolling study to determine the generalizability and applicability of SDM with families of children diagnosed with CAH.
Slow light with interleaved p-n junction to enhance performance of integrated Mach-Zehnder silicon modulators
Authors: Passoni Marco , Gerace Dario , O’Faolain Liam , Andreani Lucio Claudio 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Slow light is a very important concept in nanophotonics, especially in the context of photonic crystals. In this work, we apply our previous design of band-edge slow light in silicon waveguide gratings [M. Passoni et al, Opt. Express 26, 8470 (2018)] to Mach-Zehnder modulators based on the plasma dispersion effect. The key idea is to employ an interleaved p-n junction with the same periodicity as the grating, in order to achieve optimal matching between the electromagnetic field profile and the depletion regions of the p-n junction. The resulting modulation efficiency is strongly improved as compared to common modulators based on normal rib waveguides, even in a bandwidth of 20–30 nm near the band edge, while the total insertion loss due to free carriers is not increased. The present concept is promising in view of realizing slow-light modulators for silicon photonics with reduced energy dissipation.
Scripture as Cognitive Principle of Christian Dogmatics
Authors: Duby Steven J. 
Published: May 2019

Summary
In traditional Protestant theology, Holy Scripture has been regarded as the external cognitive principle of Christian dogmatics. However, maintaining that Scripture should still have this role today requires addressing some challenges posed in modern Protestant theology. This essay will address three challenges that can be identified in the work of Wolfhart Pannenberg and some other recent authors. These challenges concern (1) the relationship between Scripture and the natural knowledge of God, (2) the verification of Scripture’s authority, and (3) the relationship between Scripture and the things and events signified by it.
The Archaeological Impacts of Metal Detecting
Authors: Banning Edward B. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In a comment on two recent articles on the archaeological impacts of metal detecting, this paper advocates clearer and more valid measures of those impacts and more nuanced classification of the legal and cultural environments in which metal detecting takes place. The need to rely on open-source, online data for transnational analysis makes the former challenging but not impossible. Using the example of Canada, the paper shows that jurisdictional and other complexities make simple “permissive” and “restrictive/prohibitive” dichotomies unhelpful, and suggests using multivariate analysis that accounts for such factors as presumption of ownership, locations of metal detecting, availability of finds reporting, and whether heritage legislation concerns artifacts or only sites. This is essential for development of sound, evidence-based policy on the metal-detecting hobby.
Impoliteness Revisited: Evidence fromQingmianThreats in Chinese Interpersonal Conflicts
Authors: Ran Yongping , Zhao Linsen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThere is a growing consensus that (im)politeness is associated with participants’ situated evaluations vis-à-vis the moral order (Haugh 2013a, 2015b; Kádár and Haugh 2013). This paper focuses on impoliteness as evaluative practices underpinned by the moral order ofqingmian(lit., affection-based face). Drawing on data from Chinese interpersonal conflicts, the study reveals that unmetrenqing(favor) expectations and unmetmianzi/lian(face) expectations are often evaluated asqingmianthreats by participants, and thereby cause conflicts and disharmony. Our analysis investigates three key issues: (1)qingmianthreat as the cause of interpersonal conflicts, (2) cultural factors influencing expectations associated with ‘taking offence’ in Chinese and (3) the implications ofqingmianthreat for (im)politeness theory at the etic level.
Role of the GABAA receptors in the long-term cognitive impairments caused by neonatal sevoflurane exposure
Authors: Li Tao , Huang Zeyi , Wang Xianwen , Zou Ju , Tan Sijie 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Sevoflurane is a widely used inhalational anesthetic in pediatric surgeries, which is considered reasonably safe and reversible upon withdrawal. However, recent preclinical studies suggested that peri-neonatal sevoflurane exposure may cause developmental abnormalities in the brain. The present review aimed to present and discuss the accumulating experimental data regarding the undesirable effects of sevoflurane on brain development as revealed by the laboratory studies. First, we summarized the long-lasting side effects of neonatal sevoflurane exposure on cognitive functions. Subsequently, we presented the structural changes, namely, neuroapoptosis, neurogenesis and synaptogenesis, following sevoflurane exposure in the immature brain. Finally, we also discussed the potential mechanisms underlying subsequent cognitive impairments later in life, which are induced by neonatal sevoflurane exposure and pointed out potential strategies for mitigating sevoflurane-induced long-term cognitive impairments. The type A gamma-amino butyric acid (GABAA) receptor, the main targets of sevoflurane, is excitatory rather than inhibitory in the immature neurons. The excitatory effects of the GABAA receptors have been linked to increased neuroapoptosis, elevated serum corticosterone levels and epigenetic modifications following neonatal sevoflurane exposure in rodents, which might contribute to sevoflurane-induced long-term cognitive abnormalities. We proposed that the excitatory GABAA receptor-mediated HPA axis activity might be a novel mechanism underlying sevoflurane-induced long-term cognitive impairments. More studies are needed to investigate the effectiveness and mechanisms by targeting the excitatory GABAA receptor as a prevention strategy to alleviate cognitive deficits induced by neonatal sevoflurane exposure in future.
Complement clauses in Caucasian Urum
Authors: Lorenz Johanna 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study examines the different patterns used to code complement clauses in Caucasian Urum, an endangered variety of Anatolian Turkish spoken in Georgia that exhibits considerable influence from Russian. Urum shows some substantial deviations from Turkish in its morphosyntax of complementation. The data indicate that primarily left-branching and synthetic Turkic patterns are replaced in favor of right-branching and analytic constructions. Furthermore, different classes of complement-taking predicates and their selectional restrictions on complement choice are analyzed and compared to the patterns in Turkish and Russian. The findings reveal that the Urum complementation system resembles the Russian pattern.
Schule als Lernort der Demokratie
Authors: Kenner Steve , Lange Dirk 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Learning in and for democracy is a central task of schools and is at the same time one of their greatest challenges. The article begins by staking out a position and offering a definition within the field of citizenship education. Subsequently, the article describes key insights from school and educational research on the challenges and success- factors of democratic school development. Finally, this contribution highlights that schools need to see themselves as emancipatory and participatory places of learning for democracy.
Diakonisches Lernen als Demokratiebildung?
Authors: Horn Friederike von 
Published: May 2019

Abstrakt
Dieser Artikel argumentiert, dass aufgrund gewisser Ähnlichkeiten zwischen partizipativen Theorien der Demokratie, den neuesten Programmen für Demokratielernen und dem Konzept des diakonischen Lernens das diakonische Lernen als wichtiger Teil des Demokratielernens angesehen und bewertet werden sollte.
Demografischer Wandel und nachlassende Kirchenzugehörigkeit: Ergebnisse aus der Mitgliederprojektion der evangelischen und katholischen Kirche in Deutschland und ihre Folgen für die Religionspädagogik.
Authors: Peters Fabian , Ilg Wolfgang , Gutmann David 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In 2020, for the first time in the history of the Federal Republic of Germany, less than half of the 6- to 18-year-old population will be members of the Protestant or Catholic Church. By the year 2060, this percentage will continue to decrease to 25&#x2009;%. These are the results of the first coordinated member projection study for the Evangelical and Catholic Church in Germany.
The article depicts the method of the projection model and the developments for the coming four decades. It examines regional peculiarities in West and East Germany by viewing the states of Baden-Württemberg and Saxony as exemplary cases. Questions about the possible consequences for church, school, and society will conclude the article
Influence of Acceleration Approaches on the Corrosion Behavior of Embedded Steel in Mortar
Authors: Zhang Xiaogang , Zuo Guiqin , Xu Pei , Memon Shazim Ali , Sun Hongfang , Xing Feng 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In this article, the influence of three acceleration approaches (electrochemical corrosion method, alternate wetting and drying method, and salt spray method) on the corrosion behavior of a steel bar embedded in mortar cover was investigated. The steel corrosion and the mortar cracking were characterized by using an X-ray microcomputed tomography (μCT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) techniques. The results showed that the cracking time of mortar was the longest in the salt spray method (approximately 384 days), followed by the alternate wetting and drying method (approximately 269 days), and the electrochemical corrosion method (approximately 66 days). For similar maximum width of cracks on the surface of concrete cover, the electrochemical method generally resulted in a higher level of corrosion in reinforcement than the other two methods. The corrosion products of steel and the distribution of crack patterns obtained from the salt spray method were more nonuniformly distributed than the ones obtained from alternate wetting and drying method whereas those formed via the electrochemical method had a uniform distribution. The aforementioned findings are also valid for the distribution of crack patterns. In terms of the composition of corrosion products, the value of the atomic ratio of iron to oxygen (Fe/O) in the wetting and drying and salt spray methods was smaller than that obtained in the electrochemical method because the specimens under the former two methods were exposed to air for a much longer period of time than in the electrochemical method.
Identification of Hot Working Conditions and No-Recrystallization Temperature for a Cr-Mo-V Reactor Pressure Vessel Steel
Authors: Bharat Reddy G. , Sarkar Apu , Kapoor Rajeev , Kumar Harish , Shrivastav Vivek 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Specimens of chromium-molybdenum-vanadium steel, commonly used as reactor pressure vessel material, were hot deformed under uniaxial compression in the temperature range of 700°C–1,200°C and strain rate range of 0.001–10 s−1 in a Gleeble thermomechanical simulator. The strain rate sensitivity (m) map was generated using the flow curves data. The maximum m value of 0.22 was obtained in the temperature range of 1,100°C–1,200°C and strain rate range of 0.01–0.1 s−1. Optical micrographs were used to correlate the deformed microstructures with the hot compression parameters. Kinetics analysis within the high m domain yielded the activation energy as 275 kJ mole−1 and the stress exponent as 4.46. Further, a multistep deformation (at constant strain rate with varying temperature) technique, widely used to identify the temperature of no-recrystallization (inhibition of recrystallization), was performed at 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, and 1 s−1, with temperatures varying from 1,150°C–800°C. The determined value of the temperature of no-recrystallization was approximately 920°C, meaning below this value of temperature dynamic recrystallization would be inhibited.
Cis- andTrans-chromosomal Interactions Define Pericentric Boundaries in the Absence of Conventional Heterochromatin
Authors: Sreekumar Lakshmi , Jaitly Priya , Chen Yao , Thimmappa Bhagya C , Sanyal Amartya , Sanyal Kaustuv 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe molecular cues for CENPA positioning in epigenetically regulated centromeres is elusive. Candida albicans has small regional non-repetitive centromeres that do not harbor conventional heterochromatin. Deletion of native centromere leads to activation of a neocentromere...The diploid budding yeast Candida albicans harbors unique CENPA-rich 3- to 5-kb regions that form the centromere (CEN) core on each of its eight chromosomes. The epigenetic nature of these CENs does not permit the stabilization of a functional kinetochore on an exogenously introduced CEN plasmid. The flexible nature of such centromeric chromatin is exemplified by the reversible silencing of a transgene upon its integration into the CENPA-bound region. The lack of a conventional heterochromatin machinery and the absence of defined boundaries of CENPA chromatin makes the process of CEN specification in this organism elusive. Additionally, upon native CEN deletion, C. albicans can efficiently activate neocentromeres proximal to the native CEN locus, hinting at the importance of CEN-proximal regions. In this study, we examine this CEN-proximity effect and identify factors for CEN specification in C. albicans. We exploit a counterselection assay to isolate cells that can silence a transgene when integrated into the CEN-flanking regions. We show that the frequency of reversible silencing of the transgene decreases from the central core of CEN7 to its peripheral regions. Using publicly available C. albicans high-throughput chromosome conformation capture data, we identify a 25-kb region centering on the CENPA-bound core that acts as CEN-flanking compact chromatin (CFCC). Cis- and trans-chromosomal interactions associated with the CFCC spatially segregates it from bulk chromatin. We further show that neocentromere activation on chromosome 7 occurs within this specified region. Hence, this study identifies a specialized CEN-proximal domain that specifies and restricts the centromeric activity to a unique region.