bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐hydrocracking of diesel over hierarchical hzsm‐5 zeolite to produce gasoline
Authors: Lian Zhentao , Yang Chao , Shi Li , Meng Xuan , Liu Naiwang , Yang Yue , Wang Xin 
Published: September 2018

A series of ZSM‐5 zeolites (SiO2/Al2O3 = 50) were desilicated by sodium hydroxide with different concentrations (0.1 mol/L, 0.3 mol/L, 0.5 mol/L and 0.7 mol/L). The crystal morphology, textural property and acidic property of the catalysts were characterized by XRD, TEM, N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm, NH3‐TPD, 27Al MAS NMR and IR spectroscopy. Meanwhile, the influence of sodium hydroxide concentration in the gasoline yield, products distribution, coke deposition in the non‐hydrocracking of diesel were studied. Results showed that mesopores were successfully induced to ZSM‐5 zeolites after desilication; more weak acid sites and Lewis acid sites (LAS) were generated; in contrast, the strong acid sites and Brønsted acid sites (BAS) were weakened, leading to an increased ratio of LAS to BAS (LAS/BAS). After alkali treatment, HZ‐0.5A exhibited the maximal conversion, yield and selectivity of gasoline; while the HZ‐0.5A‐1 AC exhibited a lower yield and selectivity. It was also observed that the amount of coke and P/O performed a positive relationship with the LAS/BAS.
Guideline Implementation: Manual Chemical High‐Level Disinfection
Authors: Link Terri 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe Spaulding system recommends sterilization or, at minimum, high‐level disinfection for semicritical medical items (ie, items that come into contact with mucous membranes or nonintact skin). High‐level disinfection deactivates all types of microorganisms except bacterial spores and prions. If high‐level disinfection is not performed correctly, however, contaminated medical or surgical devices could transmit pathogens to patients. Reusable semicritical items may be processed using manual methods when manual chemical high‐level disinfection is the only processing method recommended by the manufacturer. The AORN “Guideline for manual chemical high‐level disinfection” provides guidance to health care personnel for performing effective manual chemical high‐level disinfection and preventing injury associated with the use of high‐level disinfectant chemicals. This article focuses on key points of the guideline that address preparation of items for high‐level disinfection, use of high‐level disinfectants, health care personnel safety, and documentation. Perioperative RNs should review the complete guideline for additional information and for guidance when writing and updating policies and procedures.
Determining the scaling of gel mesh size with changing crosslinker concentration using dynamic swelling, rheometry, and PGSE NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Wisniewska Malgorzata Anna , Seland John Georg , Wang Wei 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTWe studied the scaling behavior of the mesh size () of chemically crosslinked poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid) hydrogels with changing crosslinker concentration (Ccl) from 0.006 to 0.143 mol L−1. Three experimental methods were employed, namely dynamic swelling, rheometry, and probe diffusion by pulsed gradient spin‐echo NMR. The mesh sizes determined by probe diffusion are dependent on the probe size. The scaling model of (n < 0) could describe variation of the mesh size, obtained by any of the aforementioned techniques, with the crosslinker concentration. Thus, for hydrogels in equilibrium with water, the obtained values of the scaling exponent (n) are −0.73 ± 0.05 for dynamic swelling, −1.0 ± 0.3 for probe diffusion, and −0.27 ± 0.02 for rheological measurements. We demonstrated that the scaling of the mesh sizes for probe diffusion and dynamic swelling results was in good agreement with theoretical prediction. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46695.
Novel primer composed of a silane coupling agent and multi‐thiol for adhesion of versatile dental materials
Authors: Kimura H. , Sakamoto T. , Yamada B. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTThe present study emerged from the confirmation that, as a coupling agent, γ‐methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTS) effectively enhances the adhesion between sandblasted zirconia and opaquer as a dental polymer. Based on this finding, an ethanol solution of MPTS and pentaerythritol tetrakis[3‐(mercaptopropionate)] as a multipurpose primer was prepared and applied to strengthen the adhesion to a wide range of adherends. Although opaquer dose not adhere to zirconia without sandblasting and subsequent priming, sandblasting seems to induce the formation of OH groups allowing reactions with MPTS. To use zirconia as a CAD/CAM (computer‐aided design/computer aided‐manufacturing) material, a surface structure consisting of a large number of parallel grooves was carved, and subsequent sandblasting and priming resulted in enhanced adhesion to the opaquer. The priming components can be premixed with the opaquer composites functioning as the paste type primer, which acts as effectively as the ethanol solution but without the fear of leakage except for zirconia. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46763.
Engineering impact modification of anionically polymerized polyamide 6
Authors: Evans G. C. , Desbois P. , Lesser A. J. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTA new approach to toughen anionically polymerized polyamide 6 (aPA6) is presented using an additive monomer that simultaneously polymerizes and undergoes reaction‐induced phase separation (RIPS) during aPA6 polymerization. In this work, the selection of additive, concentration, and reaction conditions are controlled in such a way to produce rubbery domains of the proper size and interparticle distance necessary for effective toughening without the diminishment of other engineering properties. This method circumvents the issues of particle dispersion and mixture viscosity that are commonly associated with other conventional methods of impact modification thereby making it an ideal system for fiber‐reinforced aPA6 reaction injection molding. Controlled phase separation, modulus retention, and increased crystallinity are achieved at low additive concentrations. The additive monomer used in this case is octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4). D4 undergoes RIPS during aPA6 polymerization and simultaneously polymerizes to produce polydimethylsiloxane. Optimal properties to maximize fracture energy without reducing the modulus are achieved with 2 wt % D4. The fracture mechanisms are investigated and results show approximately a 3‐fold increase in energy release rate and a twofold increase in Izod impact energy. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46823.
Thermal behaviors and flame retardancy of novel flame‐retardant, oil‐filled styrene–ethylene–butadiene–styrene block copolymer–polypropylene materials
Authors: Ke Zhenkun , Xiao Xifu , Cui Jianguang , He Mingshan , Liu Yu , Tai Qilong , Zhu Changjiang , Hu Yuan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA novel halogen‐free flame‐retardant material consisting of a novel cyclotriphosphazene‐based char‐forming agent, aluminum diethyl phosphinate, nickel trioxide (Ni2O3), an oil‐filled styrene–ethylene–butadiene–styrene block copolymer, and polypropylene was studied. On the basis of their UL‐94 ratings and limiting oxygen index (LOI) data, the flame retardants exhibited very effective flame‐retardant properties in the material. When the loading of flame retardant (FR) was only 35 wt %, the flame‐retardant material attained a UL‐94 V‐0 (1.6 mm) rating, and its LOI value reached 31%. The thermogravimetric analysis data indicated that the flame retardant effectively reduced the peak mass loss because of the formation of abundant char residue. Moreover, the flammability parameters of the material obtained from UL‐94, LOI, and cone calorimetry tests demonstrated that the fire safety performance of the material with Ni2O3 obviously improved. The morphological structure of the char residue of the material with the flame retardant and Ni2O3 showed a dense and continuous carbon layer. The high‐quality carbon layer formed on the surface of the polymer material matrix showed a heat‐insulating effect. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46888.
Synthesis of emulsion styrene butadiene rubber by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and its properties
Authors: Mun Hyunsung , Hwang Kiwon , Kim Wonho 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTEmulsion polymerization is generally used to synthesize styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), and the molecular weight of this rubber can be easily increased. However, the broad molecular weight distribution (MWD) of SBR increases energy loss and adversely affects the dynamic viscoelastic properties. To overcome this disadvantage, reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, which is a type of living polymerization, is applied to emulsion polymerization for preparing RAFT emulsion SBR (ESBR). The molecular weight and microstructure of RAFT ESBR are compared to those of commercially available ESBR 1502 by gel permeation chromatography and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The aforementioned two polymers are used to prepare unfilled ESBR compounds, which are compared in terms of key physical properties (abrasion resistance, mechanical properties, and dynamic viscoelastic properties). It is confirmed that various physical properties of RAFT ESBR are improved due to its narrow MWD. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47069.
Hierarchical‐structure‐dependent high ductility of electrospun polyoxymethylene nanofibers
Authors: Hu Ruirui , Gao Enlai , Xu Zhiping , Liu Luqi , Wang Guorui , Zhu Hongwei , Zhang Zhong 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTTwo types of electrospun polyoxymethylene nanofibers with rough and smooth surface morphologies [rough fibers (RFs) and smooth fibers (SFs), respectively] were successfully prepared via the control of the electrospinning voltages. Mechanical tensile tests showed that the RF nonwoven mats exhibited a much higher elongation (440%) than the SFs (180%) without sacrifices in the stiffness and strength. Scanning electron microscopy characterization revealed that the large ductility of a single RF resulted from its unique multiple‐necking mode, which was induced by its rippled structural features. In the meantime, the large ductility led to a high molecular orientation under tension and further improved the strength and toughness of the RF nonwoven mats. In comparison, the SF behaved in a single‐necking deformation mode, and this led to a rapid rupture behavior. This surface‐morphology‐dependent mechanical behavior helped us to deeply understand the relationship between the structure and properties and should guide the development of high‐performance materials for load‐bearing applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47086.
Cylindrical‐electrode‐assisted solution blowing for nanofiber spinning
Authors: Zheng Wenxing , Zheng Wenyu , Shi Changwei , Wang Xinhou 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTIn this article, a novel process called cylindrical‐electrode‐assisted solution blowing spinning (CSBS) for producing excellent quality nanofibers with simultaneous electrostatic force and air stretching is reported. The originality of this work is in a new apparatus. With a cylindrical electrode, the solution jets were noncontact charged because of electrostatic induction; this is different from traditional solution‐blowing spinning (SBS). Poly(ethylene oxide) nanofibers were fabricated by the CSBS technique for the first time. The scanning electron microscopy results prove that the nanofiber mats produced by CSBS and formed by individual cylindrical‐shaped fibers presented a more regular morphology than SBS ones. Compared with that of SBS fibers, the CSBS fiber diameter standard deviation decreased by 21%, and the mean diameter decreased by 6.17%. Their thinner and more uniform fibers may make CSBS fiber webs a better candidate for filtration and other uses compared with SBS ones. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47087.
Are Bone Mineral Density and Fractures Related to the Incidence and Progression of Radiographic Osteoarthritis of the Knee, Hip, and Hand in Elderly Men and Women? The Rotterdam Study
Authors: Bergink Arjan P. , Rivadeneira Fernando , Bierma‐Zeinstra Sita M. , Zillikens M. Carola , Ikram M. Arfan , Uitterlinden André G. , van Meurs Joyce B. J. 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveTo examine the longitudinal relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and the incidence and progression of knee, hip, and hand osteoarthritis (OA), and to examine the relationship between prevalent vertebral and nonvertebral fractures and the incidence and progression of OA in elderly men and women in the Rotterdam Study.MethodsAge‐ and sex‐specific quartiles of baseline femoral neck BMD data were constructed for 4,154 subjects. Radiographs were scored for incidence and progression of knee and hip OA, and for incidence of hand OA. Prevalent vertebral fractures were scored using the McCloskey/Kanis method, and prevalent nonvertebral fractures were reported by baseline interview.ResultsSubjects in the highest quartile of femoral neck BMD had an increased risk of incident radiographic knee OA (ROA) (odds ratio [OR] 1.58 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.14–2.18]), and an increased risk of incident hip ROA (OR 1.57 [95% CI 1.06–2.32]), compared to the lowest quartile. No significant relationship was found between high femoral neck BMD and progression of knee or hip ROA or the incidence of hand ROA. Prevalent vertebral and nonvertebral fractures were not related to an increase in the incidence or progression of knee or hip ROA. However, vertebral fractures were associated with incident hand ROA (OR 1.74 [95% CI 1.02–2.98]).ConclusionResults from the present study confirm earlier findings and thus provide strong evidence that high femoral neck BMD is a prognostic risk factor for the development of knee and hip ROA. Vertebral fractures were found to be a risk factor for incident hand ROA.
Thermally Responsive Materials for Bioimaging
Authors: Zuo Yujing , Gou Zhiming , Zhang Yu , Yang Tingxin , Lin Weiying 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe last decade has witnessed multiple thermally responsive materials emerge as a significant class of stimuli‐responsive materials. These materials are elaborately designed and exert interesting properties. Herein, an overview of thermally responsive materials with respect to design strategies, fabrication procedures, and their applications is presented. Recently reported thermally responsive materials are highlighted. Then, applications of thermally responsive materials in bioimaging are summarized.
Intrathecal baclofen in paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity: Impact on oral treatment
Authors: Pucks‐Faes Elke , Hitzenberger Gabriel , Matzak Heinrich , Verrienti Giulio , Schauer Robert , Saltuari Leopold 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntroductionIntrathecal baclofen (ITB) is a commonly used treatment in severe spasticity. The main objective of this study was to assess the impact of ITB on reduction or withdrawal of oral drugs in patients with paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) after severe traumatic brain injury.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 20 patients with PSH due to severe traumatic brain injury who were treated with ITB in a primary care and referral center of neurology. Rates of and time until complete withdrawal or possible reduction in oral baclofen and oral propranolol after ITB treatment were calculated. Moreover, vegetative parameters (heart rate and blood pressure) as well as hypertonic attacks were assessed.ResultsThe median time of complete oral baclofen disposal was 5 ± 3.7 (CI 95% [2.9–7.1], range 0–14) days after ITB pump implantation in 20 of 20 patients, and the median time of complete oral propranolol disposal was 24 ± 62.97 (CI 95% [−7.87–55.87], range 5–191) in 15 of 20 patients. With ITB treatment, PSH improved promptly in all patients with alleviation of heart rate and blood pressure as well as reduction in attacks with motor phenomena. ITB treatment was safe and without complications.ConclusionsITB might facilitate cutting back or dispensing with other conventional oral drugs, such as oral baclofen and oral propranolol. Our study provides further evidence that ITB treatment should be considered in patients with otherwise medically refractory PSH in severe traumatic brain injury. Further prospective multicenter studies are needed to confirm the findings of this study.
Radioiodine refractoriness score: A multivariable prediction model for postoperative radioiodine‐refractory differentiated thyroid carcinomas
Authors: Li Genpeng , Lei Jianyong , Song Linlin , Jiang Ke , Wei Tao , Li Zhihui , Gong Rixiang , Zhu Jingqiang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate the clinical features of patients with radioiodine refractory (RAIR) differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) and establish an effective risk score for postoperative radioiodine refractoriness.Subjects and methodsData were retrospectively collected from 5163 patients admitted to our center after thyroid surgery. Radioiodine refractoriness was defined according to criteria used in the 2015 American Thyroid Association guidelines. The scoring system was established by independent risk factors identified by univariate and multivariate analyses. The optimal index points for predicting the prevalence of radioiodine refractoriness and the model discriminatory power were assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.ResultsOne hundred and twelve (2.2%) patients developed RAIR DTC. Smoking, tumor type (follicular thyroid cancer), extrathyroid extension, lymph node metastasis number (≥4), lymph node metastasis rate (≥53%), and pN stage (N1) were highly positively correlated with the prevalence of RAIR DTC. The cutoff value of seven points was found to be the best for predicting the prevalence of RAIR DTC, and the scoring system presented better discrimination than other single independent predictors.ConclusionsBased on our multivariable prediction model, patients with ≥7 index points may need to undergo more active surveillance or aggressive treatment due to the high risk of RAIR DTC.
The incidence and survival of pancreatic cancer by histology, including rare subtypes: a nation‐wide cancer registry‐based study from Taiwan
Authors: Chang Jeffrey S. , Chen Li‐Tzong , Shan Yan‐Shen , Chu Pei‐Yi , Tsai Chia‐Rung , Tsai Hui‐Jen 
Published: September 2018

AbstractStudies have indicated a significant rise in the incidence of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. However, the epidemiology of other rare histologic subtypes of pancreatic cancer is not well understood. This study analyzed the incidence and survival of pancreatic cancer in Taiwan by histologic subtype, sex, age group, and year of diagnosis. The incidence trends of pancreatic cancer in Taiwan from 2002 to 2013 were calculated using data from the Taiwan Cancer Registry. The survival of pancreatic cancer patients was assessed using the life‐table method and Cox proportional hazards analysis. The incidence of pancreatic cancer increased from 4.62 per 100,000 in 2002 to 6.04 per 100,000 in 2013 in Taiwan. The most common histologic subtype of pancreatic cancer was adenocarcinoma followed by carcinoma and neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Adenocarcinoma and NETs showed a rapid increase in incidence, while the incidences of other subtypes did not change significantly. Patients with adenocarcinoma showed a poor survival with a 5‐year survival of 5.2%. Patients with endocrinomas, NETs, and lymphoma displayed a better survival than those with adenocarcinoma, with a 5‐year survival ranging from 41.8% to 59.1%. The survival of adenocarcinoma, lymphoma, and NETs improved after the introduction of novel therapies. Understanding the risk factors and identifying the biomarkers for the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer are important to prevent the development and improve the survival of pancreatic cancer.
One‐Step Chemical Synthesis of Native Met1‐Linked Poly‐Ubiquitin Chains
Authors: van der Heden van Noort Gerbrand J. , Talavera Ormeño Cami , van Dalen Duco , Ovaa Huib 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe enzyme‐mediated construction of poly‐ubiquitin (Ub) chains on target proteins leads to a variety of cellular responses and is involved in processes ranging from protein degradation to cell cycle control and immune responses. This complex post‐translational modification system is under intense investigation, but generation of specific Ub chains and tools made thereof is not always trivial. We discovered that native methionine‐1‐linked polymeric ubiquitin chains can be constructed in a single chemical reaction. We validate correct folding and regioselective attachment of such chains using linkage specific proteases and further demonstrate that these poly‐Ub chains can be converted into thioesters by the activating E1‐enzyme. Subsequent ligation reactions using these in situ prepared thioesters leads to poly‐ubiquitinated peptides.
Retrograde recanalization of a nonchronic total occlusion lesion
Authors: Siraj Aisha , Pattanshetty Deepak J. , Agarwal Shiv K. , Uretsky Barry F. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe use of the retrograde approach to treat chronic total occlusion (CTO) has improved overall success rate in this lesion subgroup. Its use to treat complex non‐CTO lesions unable to be revascularized by an antegrade approach has not been described. We report a case of the use of the retrograde approach to recanalize a non‐CTO lesion under Impella support in a patient with critical stenosis and poor left ventricular function. The retrograde approach may be an alternate pathway in selected non‐CTO lesions where the antegrade has been unsuccessful.
Kinetic Modeling of Acrolein Oxidation Over a Promoted Mo−V Oxide Catalyst
Authors: Miller Jacob H. , Bhan Aditya 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA kinetic model describing the synthesis of 17 C1−C7 products observed during oxidation of acrolein at 498 K over a promoted MoVOx catalyst is presented. Routes for C1 and C2 species production by C−C scission of acrolein and acrylic acid and C4+ product generation by C−C bond formation, which involve reactions between either a vinyl or methyl surface species and either acrolein or acrylic acid, are discussed. The model accurately describes transient evolution of acrolein, O2, water, and 17 products in 33 independent batch reaction experiments. Forward simulation of the model matches experimental observation of instantaneous 13C content across byproducts during a co‐feed of 13C3 acrylic acid, validating pathway and parameter accuracy. Estimation of surface coverages reveals comparable fractions of lattice oxygen and vacancy sites at all measured
and
. Comparison of model parameters governing production of CO and CO2 shows that the two combustion products arise primarily from acrolein, with smaller contributions from acrylic acid, while comparison of rate and equilibrium parameters governing production of all other side products reveals that acrolein and acrylic acid play comparable roles in formation of these species.