bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘True-Born Emigrants’: The Predicament of Actors on Nineteenth-Century Polish Stage in the Context of Migration
Authors: Jarząbek-Wasyl Dorota 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis chapter is an attempt to show the complex situation of actors working within the partitioned Polish territories in the second half of the nineteenth century. The author is not interested in the movement of theatre people across the partitions as such, but in what was associated with and sometimes even preceded and conditioned this movement: the complicated legal and civic status of the actors, and the fluid, multi-layered self-identification of these artists as potential emigrants. Various examples are presented to illustrate aspects of this phenomenon, including the incompatibility of passport designations, the legal difficulties of impoverished actors in changing their place of residence, the language skills of people living in the Polish diaspora, and the everyday experience of border controls between Austria and Russia. A new concept of submigration (psychological migration, a strategy of operating between a number of languages, forms of belonging, and cultures) is added to existing categories such as transnational migration and internal migration.
Walter Bentley, Scottish Tragedian: Australasia’s Equivocal Theatre Migrant
Authors: Wallace Sue-Anne 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis chapter presents a study of Scottish tragedian, Walter Bentley (1849–1927), the author’s grandfather, who flees his strict Presbyterian home in Edinburgh. It traces Bentley’s first arrival in Australia—illegally—in 1866, and the period of his life in Dunedin, a haven for the Scottish diaspora in New Zealand, and illustrates Bentley’s return to Australasia in 1891 as a triumphant tragedian, exploiting Scottish settler identities, customs, and traditions. Wallace concludes her survey of Bentley’s life as a theatre-migrant with his return to Sydney in 1909, his diasporic hybridity as a Scottish Australian, and his initiative, in 1910, to found a college of elocution, developing the next generation of Australian actors and actresses.
Navigating the Entrepreneurial Unknown: Benefiting from Unexpected Outcomes
Authors: Kuckertz Andreas , Leicht Thomas , Scheu Maximilian , da Silva Wagner Indra , Ebersberger Bernd 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this chapter, you will learn how to take the first steps of your venture. We argue that problems create opportunities for entrepreneurs, reflect on why nascent entrepreneurs may favor problems over start-up ideas and show why they should be cautious to avoid falling in love with their first idea. Introducing the corridor principle, we advise entrepreneurs to move instead of waiting for a seemingly perfect idea. Therefore, we introduce the principles of effectual logic and encourage entrepreneurs to embrace a proactive mindset. We offer advice for immediate action.
From Concept to Creation: Mastering Entrepreneurial Prototyping and Product Development
Authors: Kuckertz Andreas , Leicht Thomas , Scheu Maximilian , da Silva Wagner Indra , Ebersberger Bernd 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPrototyping is a handy technique for visualizing abstract thoughts, ideas, and visions of your entrepreneurial endeavor. In this chapter, you will learn how to easily create a (first) prototype to express the core message of your innovation to customers while strengthening your persuasive power with stakeholders. When creating prototypes, it is important to strike a balance between simplicity, functionality, and appearance with the resources at hand. These characteristics are refined through frequent exposure and feedback loops to approach the final product step by step, incorporating customer needs. We give you the instructions to develop a product that is truly wanted.
Architecture of the Venture: Understanding Business Modeling
Authors: Kuckertz Andreas , Leicht Thomas , Scheu Maximilian , da Silva Wagner Indra , Ebersberger Bernd 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAs a prospective founder, there is no getting around the question of the business model of your venture. There are various components to consider which, in their interaction, realize the inherent value of your product. In this chapter, you will learn how to shape the individual building blocks of the business model by using various tools and insights from external players and adapting these blocks to the latest findings. You will also learn which factors you should consider when selecting the revenue model to ensure the profitability of your business model. The challenge is to stay dynamic in your design while not getting distracted by the myriad of ways to build a business model. We provide order in the cluttered universe of business models.
Building Bridges: Leveraging Your Network for Entrepreneurial Success
Authors: Kuckertz Andreas , Leicht Thomas , Scheu Maximilian , da Silva Wagner Indra , Ebersberger Bernd 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this chapter, you will learn why networks are crucial for entrepreneurs, facilitating the exchange of knowledge, information, and resources, which are vital for success. We argue that trust and collaboration are vital functions, providing security and enhancing reputation. Entrepreneurs can learn how effective information transfer within networks offers valuable insights and advice. At the same time, networks facilitate access to resources like time, money, and knowledge to support venture growth. Building and maintaining high-quality networks, rather than just expanding contacts, ensures reciprocal relationships and sustained benefits. These networks influence opportunity identification and entrepreneurial success, making them essential tools in an entrepreneur’s arsenal. We offer advice for immediate action.
A remark on the Brill–Noether theory of curves of fixed gonality
Authors: Martens Gerriet 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Recently the Brill–Noether theory of curves C of both fixed genus and gonality was established. In particular, in this theory (now called the Hurwitz–Brill–Noether theory), all irreducible components of the variety of complete linear series of a fixed degree and dimension on C are obtained from the closures of certain so-called “Brill–Noether splitting loci” (loci which have a rather succinct description). In this paper, a method previously invented for the construction of some of these irreducible components is applied to get simply designed varieties inside the difference between these splitting loci and their closures, i.e., inside the boundary of the splitting loci.
Regulation of yeast polarized exocytosis by phosphoinositide lipids
Authors: Volpiana Matthew W. , Nenadic Aleksa , Beh Christopher T. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPhosphoinositides help steer membrane trafficking routes within eukaryotic cells. In polarized exocytosis, which targets vesicular cargo to sites of polarized growth at the plasma membrane (PM), the two phosphoinositides phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) and its derivative phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) pave the pathway for vesicle transport from the Golgi to the PM. PI4P is a critical regulator of mechanisms that shape late Golgi membranes for vesicle biogenesis and release. Although enriched in vesicle membranes, PI4P is inexplicably removed from post-Golgi vesicles during their transit to the PM, which drives subsequent steps in exocytosis. At the PM, PI(4,5)P2 recruits effectors that establish polarized membrane sites for targeting the vesicular delivery of secretory cargo. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae provides an elegant model to unravel the complexities of phosphoinositide regulation during polarized exocytosis. Here, we review how PI4P and PI(4,5)P2 promote yeast vesicle biogenesis, exocyst complex assembly and vesicle docking at polarized cortical sites, and suggest how these steps might impact related mechanisms of human disease.
Unraveling the impact of miRNAs on gouty arthritis: diagnostic significance and therapeutic opportunities
Authors: Abdel Mageed Sherif S. , Elimam Hanan , Elesawy Ahmed E. , Abulsoud Ahmed I. , Raouf Ahmed Amr , Tabaa Manar Mohammed El , Mohammed Osama A. , Zaki Mohamed Bakr , Abd-Elmawla Mai A. , El-Dakroury Walaa A. , Mangoura Safwat Abdelhady , Elrebehy Mahmoud A. , Elballal Mohammed S. , Mohamed Aya A. , Ashraf Alaa , Abdel-Reheim Mustafa Ahmed , Eleragi Ali M. S. , Abdellatif Hussein , Doghish Ahmed S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGouty arthritis is a prevalent inflammatory illness. Gout attacks begin when there is an imbalance in the body’s uric acid metabolism, which leads to urate buildup and the development of the ailment. A family of conserved, short non-coding RNAs known as microRNAs (miRNAs) can regulate post-transcriptional protein synthesis by attaching to the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of messenger RNA (mRNA). An increasing amount of research is pointing to miRNAs as potential players in several inflammatory diseases, including gouty arthritis. miRNAs may influence the progression of the disease by regulating immune function and inflammatory responses. This review mainly focused on miRNAs and how they contribute to gouty arthritis. It also looked at how miRNAs could be used as diagnostic, prognostic, and potential therapeutic targets.
A new Entoprocta species from the northwestern Weddell Sea shelf (Southern Ocean), its soft-sediment habitat and possible polychaete hosts
Authors: Corus Finn , Weith Friederike , Veit-Köhler Gritta 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRare meiofauna taxa are often indicators of specific environmental conditions. A new and rare species of Entoprocta from the Southern Ocean, its abundance, habitat and possible commensal relationship with Polychaeta are presented. During the RV Polarstern expedition PS118 (2019) to the northwestern Weddell Sea, sediment samples were taken with a multicorer. The species of the family Loxosomatidae was discovered in the meiofauna size fraction of samples of only one of three investigated stations (413–415 m depth). Loxosomella sigridae sp. nov. is a solitary, medium-sized entoproct (total length up to 773 µm). Decisive characters of the adult include twelve tentacles, an aborally situated Y-shaped cell row, paired accessory gland cells along the foot groove and smooth adhesive papillae at the tip of the foot. The reproductive cycle of Loxosomella sigridae sp. nov. has a sexual and an asexual phase via larvae and bud-carrying individuals, respectively. We present confocal laser-scanning images of both developmental stages. Integrative methods are used to describe the habitat of Loxosomella sigridae sp. nov. and gain insight in its relationship to possible host organisms. We discuss co-occurring polychaete families and their ecology and conclude that Cirratulidae and/or Paraonidae may most likely be the hosts of Loxosomella sigridae sp. nov.
Minimally interactive segmentation of soft-tissue tumors on CT and MRI using deep learning
Authors: Spaanderman Douwe J. , Starmans Martijn P. A. , van Erp Gonnie C. M. , Hanff David F. , Sluijter Judith H. , Schut Anne-Rose W. , van Leenders Geert J. L. H. , Verhoef Cornelis , Grünhagen Dirk J. , Niessen Wiro J. , Visser Jacob J. , Klein Stefan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Segmentations are crucial in medical imaging for morphological, volumetric, and radiomics biomarkers. Manual segmentation is accurate but not feasible in clinical workflow, while automatic segmentation generally performs sub-par.

Purpose
To develop a minimally interactive deep learning-based segmentation method for soft-tissue tumors (STTs) on CT and MRI.

Material and methods
The interactive method requires the user to click six points near the tumor’s extreme boundaries in the image. These six points are transformed into a distance map and serve, with the image, as input for a convolutional neural network. A multi-center public dataset with 514 patients and nine STT phenotypes in seven anatomical locations, with CT or T1-weighted MRI, was used for training and internal validation. For external validation, another public dataset was employed, which included five unseen STT phenotypes in extremities on CT, T1-weighted MRI, and T2-weighted fat-saturated (FS) MRI.

Results
Internal validation resulted in a dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 0.85 ± 0.11 (mean ± standard deviation) for CT and 0.84 ± 0.12 for T1-weighted MRI. External validation resulted in DSCs of 0.81 ± 0.08 for CT, 0.84 ± 0.09 for T1-weighted MRI, and 0.88 ± 0.08 for T2-weighted FS MRI. Volumetric measurements showed consistent replication with low error internally (volume: 1 ± 28 mm3, r = 0.99; diameter: − 6 ± 14 mm, r = 0.90) and externally (volume: − 7 ± 23 mm3, r = 0.96; diameter: − 3 ± 6 mm, r = 0.99). Interactive segmentation time was considerably shorter (CT: 364 s, T1-weighted MRI: 258s) than manual segmentation (CT: 1639s, T1-weighted MRI: 1895s).

Conclusion
The minimally interactive segmentation method effectively segments STT phenotypes on CT and MRI, with robust generalization to unseen phenotypes and imaging modalities.

Key Points
QuestionCan this deep learning-based method segment soft-tissue tumors faster than can be done manually and more accurately than other automatic methods?
Findings The minimally interactive segmentation method achieved accurate segmentation results in internal and external validation, and generalized well across soft-tissue tumor phenotypes and imaging modalities.
Clinical relevance This minimally interactive deep learning-based segmentation method could reduce the burden of manual segmentation, facilitate the integration of imaging-based biomarkers (e.g., radiomics) into clinical practice, and provide a fast, semi-automatic solution for volume and diameter measurements (e.g., RECIST).
Concept for a geometry-insensitive high-field magnetic resonance detector
Authors: Chau-Nguyen Khai , Badilita Vlad , Korvink Jan G. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe introduce an inverse design methodology for a new class of eigenfrequency-invariant metamaterial-resonators, targeting nuclear magnetic resonance detection at ultra-high $$\mathbf {B_0}$$

B
0

field, and operating at two specified frequencies selected from within the 100-1500 MHz range. The primary optimisation goal is to maximise the magnetic field intensity and uniformity within a liquid sample, while the electric energy should be kept to a minimum level to reduce dielectric heating or quadrupolar moment excitation effects. Due to the symmetric geometry requirement of the cavity, a demultiplexer is also designed to direct each discrete resonant signal to another predetermined output port of the resonator. In order to reduce the geometrical dependency of the resonance frequency, a bespoke metamaterial is used for the cavity host. Therefore, an additional optimisation problem for a unit cell domain is defined to seek a proper material layout for the host region of the resonators. Given the sensitivity of the frequency domain, the optimisation process is effectively regulated through the utilisation of both a Helmholtz filter and a projection method. It is found that considerable improvements of the resonator quality factor can be obtained through this optimisation process.
The lateral habenula regulates stress-related respiratory responses via the monoaminergic system
Authors: Mizukami Riko , Matsumoto Masayuki , Koganezawa Tadachika 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Psychologic stress induces behavioral and autonomic responses such as acceleration of respiration. The lateral habenula (LHb) is noted to be involved in stress-induced behavioral responses. However, its involvement in stress-induced respiratory responses is unknown. In this study, we aimed to analyze whether and how the LHb regulates respiration. Electrical stimulation of the LHb of anesthetized Wistar male rats increased respiratory frequency and minute ventilation, calculated by respiratory frequency × thoracic movement amplitude. Systemic administration of a dopaminergic receptor antagonist, clozapine, suppressed the LHb-induced respiratory responses. On the other hand, administration of a serotonergic receptor antagonist, methysergide, significantly accelerated the LHb-induced increase in respiratory frequency, together with suppressing the thoracic movement amplitude. To clarify the source of dopaminergic modulation, we inhibited the ventral tegmental area (VTA), which contains dopaminergic neurons and receives inputs from the LHb, by administering microinjections of a GABAA agonist, muscimol. The bilateral inhibition of the VTA almost abolished the LHb-induced respiratory responses. These results suggest that LHb activation causes respiration acceleration, mainly mediated by dopaminergic neurons in the VTA and suppressively modulated by the serotonergic system. Neural circuits originating in the LHb may be a key modulator for respiration during psychological stress.
Embryonic Temperature Influences the Mucosal Responses of Atlantic Salmon Alevins to a Bacterial Challenge
Authors: Malik Muhammad Salman , Rebl Alexander , Burgerhout Erik , Lazado Carlo C. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The present work investigated the effects of embryonic temperature on the responses of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) alevins to a bacterial challenge using Yersinia ruckeri as a model pathogen. Embryos were reared at 4 °C, 6 °C, and 8 °C from fertilization to the eyed-egg stage. Alevins, before the start of feeding, were challenged with the pathogen, and mortality and early immune responses in mucosal organs were assessed. Fish from the 4 °C and 6 °C groups exhibited higher survival probabilities than those from the 8 °C group 72 h post-infection. Mild histopathological changes were observed in the gills and skin across all temperature groups, with bacterial antigen detected in the secondary lamellae of gills and in the skin epithelial and basal layers. Gene expression profiling revealed slightly distinct immune gene expression patterns in low-temperature groups (4 °C and 6 °C) compared to the 8 °C group. Gelsolin (gsn) expression increased in the skin across all temperature groups at 72 h post-infection. Claudin (cldn4) and collagen (col1a) were only upregulated in the skin of the 4 °C group, while heat shock protein 70 (hspa1a) was downregulated in the gills of infected fish at 72 h compared to controls. Toll-like receptor 13 (tlr13) expression increased in infected fish at 24 h compared to controls. In the 6 °C and 8 °C groups, gsn expression also increased at 72 h post-infection. Cldn4 expression increased only in the gills of 8 °C infected fish. This study revealed that low embryonic temperature could influence survival and mucosal immune defences following a bacterial challenge in Atlantic salmon alevins.
Aneurysmal formation of periventricular anastomosis is associated with collateral development of Moyamoya disease and its rupture portends poor prognosis: detailed analysis by multivariate statistical and machine learning approaches
Authors: Sato Daisuke , Miyawaki Satoru , Torazawa Seiei , Imai Hideaki , Hongo Hiroki , Kiyofuji Satoshi , Koizumi Satoshi , Saito Nobuhito 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPeriventricular anastomosis (PA) is the characteristic collateral network in Moyamoya disease (MMD). However, PA aneurysms are rare, resulting in limited knowledge of their clinical significance. We aimed to elucidate the associated factors and clinical outcomes of PA aneurysms. We reviewed MMD patients who underwent digital subtraction angiography in our institution between December 2001 and March 2023. Genetic analysis was conducted in several cases, and PA aneurysm-positive patients were identified. PA score was defined as the grades of development of periventricular anastomosis. Multivariate analysis and machine learning approaches were used to investigate the significance of the disease and factors associated with PA aneurysm positivity. A total of 301 hemispheres (171 patients) were included. PA aneurysm occurred in 8 hemispheres of MMD (2.7%). PA aneurysm was associated with higher initial modified Rankin scale (mRS) scores (OR, 2.61; 95% CI, 1.45–4.70) and higher PA scores (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.06–2.40). This predisposition was corroborated by gradient boosting and random forest algorithms. Further analysis revealed that PA aneurysm was a risk factor for future hemorrhagic stroke events (HR, 8.29; 95% CI, 1.44–47.7). Among patients in the hemorrhagic-onset group (33 cases), PA aneurysm was a risk factor for worse outcomes (P = 0.008). Principal component analysis also revealed distinct characteristics of hemorrhagic onset aneurysms compared to other MMD cases. Higher PA scores were associated with the presence of aneurysm. PA aneurysm suggests a higher risk of future hemorrhagic strokes, and its rupture portends a worse prognosis.
Open versus robotic-assisted techniques for multivisceral pelvic resections of locally advanced or recurrent colorectal and anal cancers: short-term outcomes from a single centre
Authors: Wyatt J. , O’Connell E. , Choi M. , Powell S. G. , Hanchanale V. , Ahmed S. , Javed M. A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Pelvic exenterations are now established as a standard of care for locally advanced and recurrent rectal cancer. Traditionally, these radical and complex operations have been performed via an open approach, but with the increasing expertise in robotic-assisted surgery (RAS), there is scope to perform such cases robotically. This study compares outcomes from open and RAS pelvic exenterations.

Methods
This retrospective observational study includes all pelvic exenterations for locally advanced or recurrent colorectal cancers performed in a single centre between September 2018 and September 2023. Cases were grouped into open or RAS surgery and classified in terms of operative extent and complexity. The primary outcome was resection margin status. Secondary outcomes were postoperative morbidity, length of stay and blood loss.

Results
Thirty-three patients were included. Nineteen (57.6%) cases utilised an open technique, and 14 (42.4%) used RAS. Patient characteristics and operative complexity were equivalent between groups. R0 rate (63.1% vs 71.4%, p = 0.719), median haemoglobin drop (19 (11–30) g/L vs 13 (5–26) g/L, p = 0.208) and postoperative morbidity (18/19 (94.7%) vs 9/14 (64.3%), p = 0.062) were equivalent. Length of stay (16.0 days (8–25) vs 9.5 days (6–16), p = 0.047) was shorter in the RAS group.

Conclusions
Short-term surgical and histopathological outcomes are equivalent in this small cohort of patients. This study suggests that RAS may be a safe and effective method for performing pelvic exenterations for colorectal malignancies. Larger-scale and robustly designed prospective studies are required to confirm these preliminary findings and report on long-term oncological outcomes.