bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome‐wide identification and characterization of potato NRL gene family and functional analysis of StNRL‐6 in response to Phytophthora infestans
Authors: Cheng Dong , Qiu Huishan , Zhou Dan , Lin Tianyu , Liu Lang , Nie Jiahui , He Qin , Tian Zhendong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNPH3/RPT2‐Like (NRL) proteins, as blue light receptor phototropin‐interacting modules, regulate various aspects of physiological responses in light signaling. However, little information is available on NRL family members regulating plant immunity, especially concerning plants' late blight resistance to Phytophthora infestans. In this study, a systematical analysis of the potato NRL family was performed. In total, 35 StNRL genes were identified and phylogenetically classified into six subfamilies. Twelve StNRL genes were defined as seven pairs of segmental duplication, which was the major evolutionary driving force for StNRL expansion. Synteny analysis between the genomes of potato and Arabidopsis thaliana, tomato, and rice provided insights into evolutionary characteristics. Two StNRL family members, StNRL‐6 and StNRL‐7, interacted with the blue light photoreceptor Stphot1 and negatively regulated potato and Nicotiana benthamiana resistance against P. infestans. Moreover, the key motif RxSxS identified in the NRL family member is essential for StNRL‐6 to interact with Stphot1 and enhance plant susceptibility to P. infestans. This comprehensive analysis of the StNRL family provides valuable information to elucidate key molecular mechanisms on how blue light regulates plant immunity.
Litigation as a Governance Strategy: Courts, Bureaucracies and the Welfare Rights of Irregular Migrants
Authors: Andreetta Sophie 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTOver the last few years, the welfare rights of illegalized migrants living in Belgium have become increasingly restricted. Without a legal residence status, such rights are limited to (conditional) access to public healthcare. Welfare courts have, however, sometimes gone against the grain and granted social assistance benefits to irregularized applicants, based on fundamental rights principles. Conflicting jurisprudential trends have emerged and are still debating the ambiguous, and multiple meanings of ‘human dignity’ especially for those with a precarious immigration status. This article delves into the role of courts in the implementation of migrants' welfare rights. Based on ethnographic fieldwork within welfare courts, in public administrations and amongst migrants, it shows how litigation has become part of the daily governance of social protection. This allows certain categories of migrants to gain access to financial assistance, yet creates lengthy, complex procedures and leading to great uncertainty for claimants.
Variegated digital state repression in Central Asia
Authors: Knox Colin , Kurmanov Bakhytzhan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractExisting research on digital activism in autocratic regimes tends to treat Central Asia as a homogenous entity with similar approaches to how new digital technologies are used for the purposes of state repression. Drawing on Feldstein's taxonomy of digital repression and new empirical evidence, this essay shows that digital state repression varies across the region. The presented findings add to current scholarship in three ways. First, we consider different forms of autocracies within Central Asia as a differentiated geography. Second, we examine the factors which led to a shift in how technologies could be used by autocracies as policy instruments to control their citizens. Third, given the growth of technological innovations that can sustain autocracies, we examine the specific mix of technologies within the different types of autocracies that shape the strategies of repression in Central Asia. The research presents a variegated picture of digitally‐enabled deepening autocratization in Central Asia.
Identification of the Novel HLA‐DPB1*03:01:27 Allele by Next‐Generation Sequencing
Authors: Muniyappa Nagesh , Pati Priti Priyadarsini , Pitale Jayee , Phalke Sameer , Pandey Rajeev Kumar 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe novel HLA‐DPB1*03:01:27 allele differs from HLA‐DPB1*03:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 199 exon 4.
Natural lung-tropic TH9 cells: a sharp weapon for established lung metastases
Authors: Chen Tao , Qiao Chenxiao , Yinwang Eloy , Wang Shengdong , Wen Xuehuan , Feng Yixuan , Jin Xiangang , Li Shuming , Xue Yucheng , Zhou Hao , Zhang Wenkan , Zeng Xianchang , Wang Zenan , Sun Hangxiang , Jiang Lifeng , Li Hengyuan , Li Binghao , Cai Zhijian , Ye Zhaoming , Lin Nong 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundLung metastasis remains the primary cause of tumor-related mortality, with limited treatment options and unsatisfactory efficacy. In preclinical studies, T helper 9 (TH9) cells have shown promise in treating solid tumors. However, it is unclear whether TH9 cells can tackle more challenging situations, such as established lung metastases. Moreover, comprehensive exploration into the nuanced biological attributes of TH9 cells is imperative to further unravel their therapeutic potential.MethodsWe adoptively transferred TH1, TH9, and TH17 cells into subcutaneous,in situ, and established lung metastases models of osteosarcoma and triple-negative breast cancer, respectively, comparing their therapeutic efficacy within each distinct model. We employed flow cytometry and anin vivoimaging system to evaluate the accumulation patterns of TH1, TH9, and TH17 cells in the lungs after transfusion. We conducted bulk RNA sequencing onin vitrodifferentiated TH9 cells to elucidate the chemokine receptor CXCR4, which governs their heightened pulmonary tropism relative to TH1 and TH17 cell counterparts. Using Cd4creCxcr4flox/floxmice, we investigate the effects of CXCR4 on the lung tropism of TH9 cells. We performed mass spectrometry to identify the E3 ligase responsible for CXCR4 ubiquitination and elucidated the mechanism governing CXCR4 expression within TH9 cellular milieu. Ultimately, we analyzed the tumor immune composition after TH9 cell transfusion and evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of adjunctive anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) therapy in conjunction with TH9 cells.ResultsIn this study, we provide evidence that TH9 cells exhibit higher lung tropism than TH1 and TH17 cells, thereby exhibiting exceptional efficacy in combating established lung metastases. CXCR4-CXCL12 axis is responsible for lung tropism of TH9 cells as ablating CXCR4 in CD4+T cells reverses their lung accumulation. Mechanistically, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6)-driven hyperactivation of NF-κB signaling in TH9 cells inhibited ITCH-mediated ubiquitination of CXCR4, resulting in increased CXCR4 accumulation and enhanced lung tropism of TH9 cells. Besides, TH9 cells’ transfusion significantly improved the immunosuppressed microenvironment. TH9 cells and anti-PD-1 exhibit synergistic effects in tumor control.ConclusionsOur findings emphasized the innate lung tropism of TH9 cells driven by the activation of TRAF6, which supports the potential of TH9 cells as a promising therapy for established lung metastases.
Magnetized nanofluid flowing across an inclined microchannel with heat source/sink and temperature jump: Corcione’s model aspects
Authors: Ramesh G. K. , Madhukesh J. K. , Hiremath Pradeep N. , Aly Emad H. 
Published: December 2024

This paper focuses on applying the Corcione model to the microchannel. The Corcione model is highly relevant because it provides accurate empirical relationships for forecasting the dynamic viscosity and effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids. These qualities are crucial for building and improving different thermal systems. The model presents and discusses two simple empirical correlating equations for forecasting the dynamic viscosity and effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids. Hence the aim of this work is to use Corcione’s model to demonstrate the fully developed laminar flow of an electrically conducting nanoliquid through an inclined microchannel. The energy equation takes into account the physical impacts of the heat source/sink, temperature jamp, and viscous dissipation. TiO2 nanoparticles in water are taken into consideration in this work for enhanced cooling. Using the numerical program Maple, Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg 4th–5th-order method is utilized to solve the present research. Making use of graphs, all of the flow parameters are shown, and the physical consequences on the flow and temperature profiles are thoroughly examined. It is noted that a higher inclined angle enhances the velocity profile whereas a larger temperature jump declines the temperature profile. Furthermore, Corcione’s model often has greater velocities, temperatures, and reduced surface drag forces than the Tiwari–Das model.
Short- and Long-Term Prognoses After Tissue-Negative Transient Ischemic Attack
Authors: Purroy Francisco , Gallego Yhovany , Gil-Villar M. Pilar , Begue Robert , Arque Gloria , Quilez Alejandro , Sanahuja Jordi , Vazquez-Justes Daniel , Mauri Gerard 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:
The tissue-based definition of transient ischemic attack, which requires the use of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), has limitations in its applicability to clinical practice. This contributes to the limited evidence regarding the risk of subsequent stroke and the associated predictors in the group of patients who are tissue-negative on DWI. Our aim was to assess the early and long-term prognoses of consecutive patients with tissue-negative transient ischemic attacks attended at an emergency department.

METHODS:
We performed a prospective cohort study of consecutive patients with neurologist-confirmed transient ischemic attack who were DWI-negative from January 2006 to June 2010. All patients underwent DWI on magnetic resonance imaging (4.0 [SD, 1.8] days) after the index event. The risk and predictors of stroke recurrence (SR) were determined at 1 year and after a median follow-up time of 6.6 (interquartile range, 5.0–9.6) years.

RESULTS:

A total of 370 patients were included. Previously, 244 patients with positive DWI results and 109 patients without magnetic resonance imaging performed were excluded. ABCD2 score >5 was determined in 95 (26.2%) patients; 15 (4.1%) patients experienced SR at 1 year and 18 (4.9%) beyond 1 year. Predictive models for short- and long-term prognoses were different. Large artery atherosclerosis cause (hazard ratio, 3.7 [95% CI, 1.2–11.0]) was the only predictor of 1-year SR. In contrast, male sex (hazard ratio, 4.17 [95% CI, 1.14–15.23];
P
=0.031), speech impairment (hazard ratio, 4.90 [95% CI, 1.05–22.93];
P
=0.044), and the presence of chronic microangiopathy expressed as Fazekas score of 3 (hazard ratio, 1.84 [95% CI, 1.15–2.97];
P
=0.012) were predictors of long-term SR follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS:
Patients with DWI-negative have a clinically important risk of recurrent vascular events and SR during medium- and long-term follow-ups. These patients warrant optimized secondary prevention to reduce their risk of recurrent vascular events over time. Predictors of SR varied over the follow-up.
Research on the Evolution of Neo-Confucianism in Chinese Ming Dynasty and the Restoration of Literature
Authors: Zhu Wenwei , Zhu Ke 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Ming Dynasty was an important period of cultural flourishing in Chinese history, with the evolution of Neo-Confucianism and the literary revival being the two major factors shaping thought and literary development during this period. This paper explores systematically the gradual evolution of Neo-Confucianism in the Ming Dynasty, particularly the dominant position of the Cheng-Zhu School of Neo-Confucianism in the early Ming Dynasty and its subsequent diversified transformations, such as the rise of Wang Yangming’s School of Neo-Confucianism and its emphasis on individual moral cultivation and social practice. At the same time, the literary revival movement in the Ming Dynasty aimed to revive ancient classics and styles. The trend of “literature must be Qin and Han, poetry must be prosperous Tang” has been sparked, injecting classical spirit into literary creation. The moral education of Neo Confucianism and the literary revival movement had a profound interactive impact on the ideological and cultural level, jointly promoting the development of Ming Dynasty’s social culture. This article analyzes the influence of Neo Confucianism on social ethics and political education, as well as the shaping of the spiritual outlook of literati through the literary revival movement and explores the historical contributions and limitations of both. This article also evaluates the status of Neo Confucianism and literary revival in Ming Dynasty culture and their profound influence on future generations. It is believed that both are not only important manifestations of Ming Dynasty cultural characteristics, but also provide key perspectives for understanding traditional Chinese thought and literary evolution.
Gullbúluskrá, a Multilingual Compound
Authors: de Leeuw van Weenen Andrea 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The word gullbóluskrá occurs only in ‘Sverris saga’. It is used for a letter with a golden seal from the emperor in Constantinople. Its arrival would have been at the centre of a ceremony where the envoy called it a chrysobull, a gullbúlu-skrá. As ‘Sverris saga’ was written during the king’s lifetime, one can be sure that gullbúlu- was used in the original version. The form gullbólu- may have resulted from a scribe misunderstanding the -búlu- part. The word skrá has various senses in nineteenth-century dictionaries, suggesting a development from ‘dry skin’ via ‘parchment’ to ‘document’. The meaning ‘dry skin’ is given for only a single passage in ‘Hávamál’. However, this interpretation is debatable. Krijnie Ciggaar suggests that skrá could be a loan from Greek sakra, denoting a document used in correspondence with other countries. The loss of the first vowel in sakra can be explained because the pattern sVkrV in Old Norse occurs only in a few Latin loanwords, while the pattern skrV is frequent. The unshortened form sacra for sakra is found in various stories of Western European origin. It seems that sakra reached Europe in two forms: shortened skrá in Scandinavia and as sacra in Western Europe.
Ecological Crisis and Strategy in the Jesuit China Mission
Authors: Parr Adam 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In Laudate Deum (2023), Pope Francis calls on those negotiating today’s climate emergency to be “strategists.” No organization has a longer history of strategy-making than the pope’s alma mater, the Society of Jesus, whose China mission was founded during an ecological crisis. No Jesuit is more celebrated as a strategist than Matteo Ricci (1552–1610), who observed the effects of that crisis in 1604 and praised the emperor’s response but noted its inadequacy. As a result of this, and the influence of Xu Guangqi (1562–1633), the idea of introducing European science to China materialized as the final strand of the China mission’s strategy. Xu’s own career was dedicated to preserving Ming China through agricultural and military reform, and his ideas are present in Ricci’s work. Thus, Ricci’s strategy-making was forged in the context of challenges recognizable today, and its strengths and limitations represent a resource for the strategists addressed by Pope Francis.
Martyrdom, Rhetoric, and the Affective Remainder
Authors: Dunn Mary 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article takes as its subject a document known as the precieux manuscrit, assembled by Paul Ragueneau, superior of the Jesuit mission in New France, in 1652 as an aid to the canonization of the eight Jesuit missionaries who would come to be known as the North American martyrs. I situate the precieux manuscrit, a text dense with elaborately wrought descriptions of torture, endurance, and expiration, within the context of early modern Jesuit rhetorical theory. I argue that the precieux manuscrit is a persuasive text designed affectively to interpolate its readers into the plurisensorium of Jesuit martyrdom by means of rhetorical strategies of embellishment, amplification, and hypotyposis, harnessing the emotions it provokes to prove the conceptual argument at stake—that the Jesuit missionaries had been killed in odium fidei.
Cinematic Chengdu: Generational Shifts and Spatial Dynamics in Jia Zhangke’s 24 City
Authors: Zou Hongyan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
24 City’s narrative spans three generations of workers, with each reflecting the affinity between space, personal, and collective memories in an urbanising Chengdu. The first generation, involved in the factory’s establishment, experiences a close-knit community life centred around the factory. The second generation faces the factory’s decline and the shift to a market economy, leading to varied degrees of connection with Chengdu. The third generation embodies increased social and spatial mobility, moving beyond the factory’s confines and engaging with the broader urban landscape. 24 City strategically uses distinct interview locations to link personal narratives with broader social realities, illustrating the complex interplay between historical memory, personal experiences, and spatial dynamics. The film documents Chengdu’s transition from a production-focused space to a consumption-oriented space, reflecting China’s rapid urbanisation and marketisation. Through its multi-generational portrayal, 24 City reveals the nuanced impact of these transformations on individual lives and collective memory.
Fibrin Clot Shields Formation in the Tumor Microenvironment, Induced By Cancer Cells' Hypercoagubility, Serves As Scaffolds for Invasion and Protection Against Anticancer Treatments
Authors: Huong Tran Chi Mai , Van Dreden Patrick , Mbemba Elisabeth , Rousseau Aurelie , Lefkou Eleftheria , Sabbah Michele , Gerotziafas Grigoris 
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Neoangogenesis, vascular mimicry and highly permeable blood vessels expose cancer cells to coagulation factors from plasma. The expression of Tissue Factor (TF) by cancer cells leads to local hypercoagubility in the tumor microenvironment. We aimed to study the ability of cancer cells to induce fibrin formation in the tumor microenvironment, and the role of fibrin in cancer cells' physiology.
Materials and methods: Highly procoagulant pancreatic cancer cells (BXPC3), highly procoagulant and invasive breast cancer cells (MDA-MB231), weakly procoagulant and non-invasive breast cancer cells (MCF7) were cultured in the presence of of normal human platelet-poor plasma (PPP) diluted 10% in RPMI-1640 media (PPP-media). Structural characteristics of fibrin clot were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy. Fibrinolytic activities were studied by quantifying tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and D-Dimer concentrations. Cancer cells' invasion was observed using Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy. The efficacity of paclitaxel (PTX) and 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4OHTam), at their IC50 concentrations, on cancer cells viability in the absence and presence of fibrin clot shields was assessed.
Results: Culture of cancer cells in the presence of PPP-media led to the formation of Fibrin Clot Shields (FCS) in a “bird's nest-like” architecture. MDA-MB231 cells led to the formation of the most dense FCS with finest fibers, smallest pores and highest number of intersections, as contrast to MCF7 cells. The structure of FCS formed by BXPC3 are intermediated. Adding 1 pM of TF to the culture media of MCF7 led to FCS with similar structures to those of BXPC3 cells. MCF7 cells do not possess fibrinolytic activity as contrast to the other two cell lines. All of the three cancer cell lines showed invasion ability in the presence of FCS. The presence of FCS also abrogated the efficacity of PTX and 4OHTam in inducing cell death.
Conclusions: The procoagulant fingerprint of cancer cells leads to the formation of FCS in the microenvironment. We showed for the first time a clear image of the architecture of FCS formed by cancer cells. FCS serve as scaffolds for cell invasion and protection against anticancer treatments such as PTX and 4OHTam. These results suggested FCS as a new mechanism for resistance to treatments and a potential new target to improve treatments' efficacity.
Mechanistic Modeling to Support Hemostatic Equivalency of Antithrombin Lowering in People with Hemophilia A or B
Authors: Leiser Randolph , Kaddi Chanchala , Tao Mengdi , Salvador Ane , Seth Chhabra Ekta , Zaph Susana 
Published: December 2024

Fitusiran is an investigational siRNA therapeutic that lowers antithrombin (AT) to increase thrombin generation and rebalance hemostasis in people with hemophilia A (PwHA) or B (PwHB), irrespective of inhibitor status. Three completed phase 3 clinical studies [ATLAS A/B (NCT03417245), ATLAS INH (NCT03417102), and ATLAS PPX (NCT03549871)] have demonstrated that fitusiran prophylaxis significantly reduced bleeding events compared to on-demand or prior prophylaxis treatment with clotting factor concentrate (CFC) or bypassing agents (BPA) (Srivastava et al. Lancet Haematol 2023; Young et al. Lancet 2023; Kenet et al. Blood 2022).
A quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) model of the coagulation pathway was previously applied to support the hemostatic equivalency of fitusiran prophylaxis (i.e., AT lowering) in PwHA (Kaddi et al., 2022). Unlike prior models of the coagulation cascade, this QSP model considers the impact of α-2-macroglobulin, a key regulator of thrombin with increased influence at reduced AT levels, that is critical to understand the impact of fitusiran on thrombin generation (Kattula et al. Blood 2020). The prior analysis was informed by thrombin generation assay (TGA) data from donor-derived spiked plasma and clinical TGA metrics from the Ph1/2 clinical studies of fitusiran and predicted that the targeted therapeutic range of 15-35% AT resulted in a thrombin peak profile which was comparable to 20-40% supplemental FVIII activity in PwHA.
The current analysis extends previous work by applying the validated QSP model to support hemostatic equivalency in both PwHA and PwHB, considering TGA metrics from completed phase 3 clinical studies of fitusiran in patients with inhibitors (ATLAS-INH) and without inhibitors (ATLAS-A/B).
Virtual populations of untreated severe PwHA (&lt;1% FVIII activity) and PwHB (&lt;2% FIX activity) were used to simulate TGA metrics which were validated against clinical and literature data. Simulated TGA metrics from these virtual populations after AT lowering (15-35%) were compared to those treated with supplemental factor. Based on this analysis, the peak thrombin generated at 15-35% AT was predicted to be similar to peak thrombin from treatment with 20-40% supplemental FVIII activity for PwHA, and 20-40% supplemental FIX activity for PwHB.
By considering the impact of α-2-macroglobulin, the QSP model provides a mechanistic representation of thrombin generation under conditions of AT lowering in PwHA and PwHB. This analysis predicted similar factor equivalency of 20-40% in both PwHA and PwHB for the target therapeutic range of fitusiran (15-35% AT). Clinical data on the efficacy and safety of treatment of breakthrough bleeds with reduced dosing of CFC/BPA further support these results.