bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neonatal vitamin D status in relation to autism spectrum disorder and developmental delay in the CHARGE case–control study
Authors: Schmidt Rebecca J. , Niu Qiaojuan , Eyles Darryl W. , Hansen Robin L. , Iosif Ana‐Maria 
Published: May 2019

Vitamin D appears essential for normal neurodevelopment and cognitive and behavioral function. We examined neonatal vitamin D in relation to the child's later diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or developmental delay (DD). Children aged 24–60 months enrolled in the population‐based CHARGE case–control study were evaluated clinically for ASD (n = 357), DD (n = 134), or typical development (TD, n = 234) at the MIND Institute (Sacramento, CA) using standardized assessments. Total 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) was measured using sensitive isotope dilution liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry in archived dried blood spots collected for the California Department of Public Health's Newborn Screening Program. Multinomial logistic regression was used to calculate ORs as measures of the associations between 25 nmol/L change in 25(OH)D and ASD and DD. Associations between 25(OH)D and scores on Mullen Scales of Early Learning and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales were assessed using robust linear regression. Effect modification was examined using stratified models and interaction product terms.Unadjusted mean (SD) 25(OH)D was lower for DD (73.2 [37.6]) than for TD (82.7 [39.3]) and ASD (80.1 [37.4]). After adjustment for maternal prepregnancy body mass index and education, a 25 nmol/L increase in total 25(OH)D was not associated with ASD (OR = 0.97; CI: 0.87–1.08) or DD (OR = 0.91; 95% CI: 0.78–1.06). Neonatal 25(OH)D was associated with significantly reduced ASD only in females (adjusted OR = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.55–0.99, Pinteraction = 0.03), and significantly reduced DD only in non‐Hispanic white children (adjusted OR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.63–0.98, Pinteraction = 0.11 for Hispanic, Pinteraction = 0.31 for other), driven by DD children with trisomy 21. This study provides evidence that neonatal vitamin D could be associated with ASD in females and with DD in non‐Hispanic white children. Autism Res 2019, 12: 976–988. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryVitamin D appears essential for brain development and function. We examined neonatal total 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) measured in dried blood spots in relation to later diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or developmental delay (DD) and related assessment scores. Higher neonatal 25(OH)D was associated with a 26% reduction in the odds for ASD only in females. After taking into account factors that could contribute to vitamin D status, a significant association with 21% reduced odds for DD was found only in non‐Hispanic white children. Though results were nonsignificant overall, certain subgroups might benefit from higher neonatal vitamin D.
The activated newborn neurons participate in enriched environment induced improvement of locomotor function in APP/PS1 mice
Authors: Wang Hualong , Li Qiongqiong , Tang Huidong , Ding Jianqing , Xu Nanjie , Sun Suya , Chen Shengdi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionAlzheimer's disease (AD) is an age‐related neurodegenerative disorder. One of the pathological features of AD is neuronal loss in brain regions associated with cognition, particularly the hippocampus. An enriched environment (EE) can facilitate neuronal plasticity and improve behaviors such as emotion, motor function, and cognition in AD.MethodsAfter APP/PS1 mice were exposed to EE at an early stage (2 months of age), elevated plus maze performance and contextual fear conditioning were tested, and neurogenesis and the extent of activation in the hippocampus were observed.ResultsThe results showed that, compared with that in the mice that experienced a standard environment, the cognition of the mice exposed to EE, as measured by contextual fear conditioning, was not statistically significant. However, based on their performance in the elevated plus maze, the index was increased in the mice, especially the APP/PS1 mice, exposed to EE. Consistent with the behavioral changes, the APP/PS1 mice exposed to EE showed an increased number of c‐Fos‐positive neurons and elevated neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG) area. In addition, the activation of newborn neurons did not occur in the other three groups.ConclusionsThese results indicate that the activation of newborn neurons may participate in the improvement of behavioral performance in APP/PS1 mice after EE.
High‐Performance Ordered PdCuFe/C Intermetallic Catalyst for Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Ji Xiangdong , Gao Peng , Zhang Libo , Wang Xiaoran , Wang Fanghui , Zhu Hong , Yu Jinghua 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe phase state of nanoparticles plays a pivotal role in regulating the electronic structure of Pd to enhance the catalytic performance and durability for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). To elucidate the correlation of the electronic structure with activity, a series of body‐centered cubic (bcc) PdCu/C, PdCuFe/C, and PdCuCo/C intermetallic compounds were fabricated by using an impregnation reduction method followed by annealing. The results of rotating disk electrode studies show that the structurally ordered PdCuFe/C nanoparticles exhibit a much larger increase in mass activity (0.08 A mgPd−1), about 2.1 and 5 times higher than ordered PdCuCo/C and PdCu/C, respectively. More importantly, the maximum power density of the ordered PdCuFe/C was 267 mW cm−2 in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results revealed that that the addition of Fe into PdCu/C can efficiently regulate the electronic structure of Pd in optimizing the oxygen binding energy for the ORR. Our work provides a general approach to enhance Pd‐based ternary alloy catalysts with Pt‐like catalytic activity for fuel cell applications.
Lewis Acid‐Catalyzed Intramolecular [3 + 2] Cross‐Cycloaddition of Donor‐ Acceptor Epoxides with Alkenes for Construction of Oxa‐[n.2.1] Skeletons
Authors: Chen Lu , Tian Jun , Zhan Yizhou , Ren Jun , Wang Zhong‐Wen 
Published: May 2019

Summary of main observation and conclusionThe first LA‐catalyzed [3 + 2]IMCC of GDA‐epoxides with carbon‐carbon double bonds has been developed. This provides an efficient and general strategy for construction of bridged oxa‐[n.2.1] skeletons. A novel SN‐like mechanism through a carbon‐carbon bond cleavage of epoxide ring has been proposed.
Aggregation‐Induced Delayed Fluorescence
Authors: Liu Hao , Guo Jingjing , Zhao Zujin , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe huge market demand for organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) has attracted a significant number of researchers to explore robust and cheap luminescent materials for application in high‐performance and low‐cost OLEDs. This concept article presents a new class of organic luminescent materials which demonstrate aggregation‐induced delayed fluorescence (AIDF). This material type can perform particularly well when applied in nondoped OLEDs, with devices exhibiting excellent electroluminescence (EL) efficiencies and very small efficiency roll‐off. Recent works on typical AIDF materials, investigating molecular design strategies, photophysical properties and EL performance in nondoped OLEDs, are discussed. These newly emerged organic luminescent materials are promising candidates for highly efficient nondoped OLEDs and have potential practical applications.
Age‐specific diastolic dysfunction improves prediction of symptomatic heart failure by Stage B heart failure
Authors: Coller Jennifer M. , Gong Fei Fei , McGrady Michele , Jelinek Michael V. , Castro Julian M. , Boffa Umberto , Shiel Louise , Liew Danny , Stewart Simon , Krum Henry , Reid Christopher M. , Prior David L. , Campbell Duncan J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimsWe investigated whether addition of diastolic dysfunction (DD) and longitudinal strain (LS) to Stage B heart failure (SBHF) criteria (structural or systolic abnormality) improves prediction of symptomatic HF in participants of the SCReening Evaluation of the Evolution of New Heart Failure study, a self‐selected population at increased cardiovascular disease risk recruited from members of a health insurance fund in Melbourne and Shepparton, Australia. Both American Society of Echocardiography and European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (ASE/EACVI) criteria and age‐specific Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study criteria, for SBHF and DD, and ARIC criteria for abnormal LS, were examined.Methods and resultsInclusion criteria were age ≥60 years with one or more of self‐reported ischaemic or other heart disease, irregular or rapid heart rhythm, cerebrovascular disease, renal impairment, or treatment for hypertension or diabetes for ≥2 years. Exclusion criteria were known HF, or ejection fraction <50% or >mild valve abnormality detected on previous echocardiography or other imaging. Echocardiography was performed in 3190 participants who were followed for a median of 3.9 (interquartile range: 3.4, 4.5) years after echocardiography. Symptomatic HF was diagnosed in 139 participants at a median of 3.1 (interquartile range: 2.1, 3.9) years after echocardiography. ARIC structural, systolic, and diastolic abnormalities predicted HF in univariate and multivariable proportional hazards analyses, whereas ASE/EACVI structural and systolic, but not diastolic, abnormalities predicted HF. ARIC and ASE/EACVI SBHF criteria predicted HF with sensitivities of 81% and 55%, specificities of 39% and 76%, and C statistics of 0.60 (95% confidence interval: 0.57, 0.64) and 0.66 (0.61, 0.71), respectively. Adding ARIC DD to SBHF increased sensitivity to 94% with specificity of 24% and C statistic of 0.59 (0.57, 0.61), whereas addition of ASE/EACVI DD to SBHF increased sensitivity to 97% but reduced specificity to 9% and the C statistic to 0.52 (0.50, 0.54, P < 0.0001). Addition of LS to ARIC or ASE/EACVI SBHF criteria had minimal impact on prediction of HF.ConclusionsAge‐specific ARIC DD criteria, but not ASE/EACVI DD criteria, predicted symptomatic HF, and addition of age‐specific ARIC DD criteria to ARIC SBHF criteria improved prediction of symptomatic HF in asymptomatic individuals with cardiovascular disease risk factors. Addition of LS to ASE/EACVI or ARIC SBHF criteria did not improve prediction of symptomatic HF.
Protein‐film Voltammetry of Two‐step Electrode Enzymatic Reactions Coupled with an Irreversible Chemical Reaction of a Final Product – A Theoretical Study in Square‐wave Voltammetry
Authors: Kokoskarova Pavlinka , Maksimova Viktorija , Janeva Milkica , Gulaboski Rubin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRedox mechanisms in which a consecutive two‐step electrode transformation occurs, and the product generated in the second electrochemical step at the electrode surface is coupled to a follow‐up irreversible chemical reaction, is theoretically considered under conditions of square‐wave voltammetry. The electrochemical description of considered systems is a “surface EECirr mechanism”. With the methodology named “protein‐film square‐wave voltammetry” we provide theoretical information on kinetics and thermodynamics of many lipophilic enzymes containing quinones or polyvalent cations of transient metals as redox active sites. We address theoretically situations of energetically separated square‐wave voltammetric peaks for at least −150 mV at potential scale. We also consider also a complex scenario of a single voltammetric peak, hiding in its shape both the features of electrode steps (occurring at same potential) and the chemical reaction. We pay a particular attention on how to distinguish the surface two‐step EECirr mechanism from a simple one‐step surface ECirr mechanism, but also from other two‐step surface mechanisms. While presenting plenty of calculated square‐wave voltammograms relevant to many enzymatic systems, we point out several simple features that allow kinetic characterization of studied mechanism from time‐independent experiments at constant scan rate.
Simulation process of biodiesel production plant
Authors: Salehi Abozar , Karbassi Abdolreza , Ghobadian Barat , Ghasemi Amir , Doustgani Amir 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe increasing global demands for fossil fuels have resulted in the release of large quantity of pollutants and reduction of the available resources. Owing to this fact, alternatives to fossil fuels, like biodiesel, are essential for the survival of the existing resources and the decrease of environmental contamination. In the current study, the technical assessment of five continuous biodiesel production processes was designed and simulated with the Aspen Plus v8.6 software. In order to convert virgin vegetable oil (VVO) as well as waste cooking oil (WCO) to biodiesel, alkali‐catalyzed and acid‐catalyzed processes were utilized in the first three processes. In the fourth and fifth processes, the two‐step supercritical methanol method (noncatalytic) and the acid‐catalyzed process were adopted by hexane extraction to transform the WCO to biodiesel. According to the technical assessment, the two‐step supercritical methanol process has the lowest number of operating units; however, it has the lowest purity of FAME (98.47%). The highest purity of glycerol (99.98%) and FAME (99.7%) belong to Processes 3 and 1, respectively. As a result, the homogeneous acid catalytic process of WCO and the two‐step supercritical methanol process are the best choices in terms of technical evaluation among all the examined processes.
Transactions between early binge eating and personality predict transdiagnostic risk
Authors: Davis Heather A. , Ortiz Anna Marie L. , Smith Gregory T. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPsychiatric comorbidities are prevalent in youth eating disorders. In a sample of 1,906 youth from the United States (49.2% female), followed from elementary school into high school, we found support for a model to help explain this comorbidity. Endorsement of binge eating in fifth grade (elementary school) predicted increases in negative urgency, negative affect, and lack of planning in seventh grade (middle school). In turn, seventh grade negative urgency predicted increases in 10th grade (high school) externalizing dysfunction (binge eating, alcohol use problems, and smoking) and internalizing dysfunction (depressive symptoms). Seventh grade negative affect predicted increases in 10th grade binge eating and depressive symptoms. Seventh grade lack of planning predicted increases only in 10th grade externalizing behaviours. Early engagement in binge eating may elevate risk for multiple forms of dysfunction, at least in part due to its prediction of high‐risk personality change in middle school.
Forecasting inflation using univariate continuous‐time stochastic models
Authors: Fergusson Kevin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this paper we investigate the applicability of several continuous‐time stochastic models to forecasting inflation rates with horizons out to 20 years. While the models are well known, new methods of parameter estimation and forecasts are supplied, leading to rigorous testing of out‐of‐sample inflation forecasting at short and long time horizons. Using US consumer price index data we find that over longer forecasting horizons—that is, those beyond 5 years—the log‐normal index model having Ornstein–Uhlenbeck drift rate provides the best forecasts.
Place cell assemblies remain intact, despite reduced phase precession, after cholinergic disruption
Authors: Venditto Sarah Jo C. , Le Brianna , Newman Ehren L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe hippocampal theta rhythm is frequently viewed as a clocking mechanism that coordinates the spiking activity of neurons across the hippocampus to form coherent neural assemblies. Phase precession is a form of temporal coding evidencing this mechanism and is degraded following systemic pharmacological disruption of cholinergic signaling. However, whether neural assemblies are commensurately degraded, as would be predicted from a clocking mechanism hypothesis, remains unknown. To address this, we recorded the spiking activity of hippocampal place cells as rats completed laps on a circle track for chocolate drink before versus during the influence of a systemic muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist. We compared the integrity of hippocampal ensembles using three approaches. The first approach used cross‐correlogram (CCG) analyses to ask if the relative spike‐timing between pairs of cells became less reliable. The second used a general linear model based analysis to ask whether the activity of simultaneously recorded neurons became any less predictive of the spiking activity of single neurons. Finally, the third approach used a reconstruction analysis to ask if the population activity was any less informative regarding the environmental position of the animal and whether theta sequences were impaired. The results of all three analyses paint a consistent picture: systemic cholinergic disruption did not degrade assembly integrity. These data demonstrate that place cell assemblies do not depend upon high quality phase precession.
Changes in sovereign debt dynamics in Central and Eastern Europe
Authors: Cuestas Juan Carlos 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to shed some light on the degree of sustainability of fiscal debt for a group of Central and Eastern European countries. We apply a battery of time series econometrics methods to show how the financial crisis has affected the debt‐to‐gross domestic product ratio and how the ratio has behaved recently. The results give us important insights into how governments in Central and Eastern Europe have reacted to the accumulation of debt. We distinguish between two groups of countries: one group where the sovereign debt stock stabilized after the crisis, and another where debt has been accumulated more quickly in recent years. The results provide important policy lessons for the authorities responsible.
An injectable scaffold based on temperature‐responsive hydrogel and factor‐loaded nanoparticles for application in vascularization in tissue engineering
Authors: He Dan , Zhao An‐Sha , Su Hong , Zhang Yan , Wang Ya‐Nan , Luo Dan , Gao Yuan , Li Jing‐An , Yang Ping 
Published: May 2019

AbstractControlled release of functional factors contributes to target migration of therapeutic cells and plays a crucial role in the in situ vascularization of tissue repair and regeneration. A biomedical application requires the selective release of multiple factors which will guide the synergy of the cells. Here, we developed an injectable system based on a temperature‐responsive hydrogel and stromal cell‐derived factor‐1 (SDF‐1)/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) loaded into two types of nanoparticles to induce migration and rapid proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) via selective SDF‐1/VEGF release. Series of in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that our composited system can accurately guide MSCs and ECs for vascularization. In addition, the properties of the nanoparticles and hydrogel, including micro/nanoscales, characteristic of charge, and biocompatibility, played crucial roles for the selective release and cells behavior (target migration and rapid proliferation).
Vegetable hierarchical structures as template for bone regeneration: New bio‐ceramization process for the development of a bone scaffold applied to an experimental sheep model
Authors: Filardo Giuseppe , Roffi Alice , Fey Tobias , Fini Milena , Giavaresi Gianluca , Marcacci Maurilio , Martínez‐Fernández Julian , Martini Lucia , Ramírez‐Rico Joaquin , Salamanna Francesca , Sandri Monica , Sprio Simone , Tampieri Anna , Kon Elizaveta 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLong bone defects still represent a major clinical challenge in orthopedics, with the inherent loss of function considerably impairing the quality of life of the affected patients. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess the safety and potential of bone regeneration offered by a load‐bearing scaffold characterized by unique hierarchical architecture and high strength, with active surface facilitating new bone penetration and osseointegration in critical size bone defects. The results of this study showed the potential of bio‐ceramization processes applied to vegetable hierarchical structures for the production of new wood‐derived bone scaffolds, further improved by surface functionalization, with good biological and mechanical properties leading to successful treatment of critical size bone defects in the sheep model. Future studies are needed to evaluate if these scaffolds prototypes, as either biomaterial alone or in combination with augmentation strategies, may represent an optimal solution to enhance bone regeneration in humans.
Recently Registered Midazolam Doses for Preterm Neonates Do Not Lead to Equal Exposure: A Population Pharmacokinetic Model
Authors: Völler Swantje , Flint Robert B. , Beggah Fouzi , Reiss Irwin , Andriessen Peter , Zimmermann Luc J.I. , van den Anker John N. , Liem Kian D. , Koch Birgit C.P. , de Wildt Saskia , Knibbe Catherijne A.J. , Simons Sinno H.P. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAlthough midazolam is a frequently used sedative in neonatal intensive care units, its use in preterm neonates has been off‐label. Recently, a new dosing advice for midazolam for sedation on intensive care units has been included in the label (0.03 mg/[kg·h] for preterm neonates <32 weeks and 0.06 mg/[kg·h] for neonates >32 weeks). Concentration‐time data of a prospective multicenter study (29 patients, median gestational age 26.7 [range 24.0‐31.1 weeks]) were combined with previously published data (26 patients, median gestational age 28.1 [range 26.3‐33.6 weeks]), and a population pharmacokinetic model describing the maturation of midazolam pharmacokinetics was developed in NONMEM 7.3. Clearance was 73.7 mL/h for a neonate weighing 1.1 kg and changed nonlinearly with body weight (exponent 1.69). Volume of distribution increased linearly with body weight and was 1.03 L for a neonate weighing 1.1 kg. Simulations of the newly registered dosing show considerable differences in steady‐state concentrations in preterm neonates. To reach similar steady‐state concentrations of 400 µg/mL (±100 µg/mL), a dose of 0.03 mg/(kg·h) is adequate for neonates ≥1 kg and ≤2 kg but would have to be reduced to 0.02 mg/(kg·h) (−33%) in neonates <1 kg and increased to 0.04 mg/(kg·h) (+33%) in neonates weighing >2 kg and ≤2.5 kg. The impact of the observed differences in exposure is difficult to assess because no target concentrations have yet been defined for midazolam, but the current analysis shows that one should be cautious in giving dosage advice based on historical data with a lack of reliable pharmacokinetic and effect data.