bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of fosravuconazole L‐lysine ethanolate, a novel oral triazole antifungal agent, for the treatment of onychomycosis: A multicenter, double‐blind, randomized phase III study
Authors: Watanabe Shinichi , Tsubouchi Ichiro , Okubo Akihiro 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFosravuconazole L‐lysine ethanolate (F‐RVCZ) is a prodrug of ravuconazole, a novel triazole antifungal agent, exerting broad and potent antifungal activity. The efficacy and safety of F‐RVCZ, compared with a placebo, were investigated in a multicenter, double‐blind, randomized study of Japanese onychomycosis patients with 25% or more clinical involvement of the target toenail. Subjects (n = 153) were randomly assigned to receive F‐RVCZ (100 mg RVCZ, n = 101) or placebo (n = 52) p.o. once daily for 12 weeks. The primary end‐point was the rate of complete cure (clinical cure [0% clinical involvement of the target toenail] plus mycological cure [negative potassium hydroxide examination]) at week 48 (36‐week post‐treatment visit). Secondary end‐points were changes over time in the efficacy and mycological effect of F‐RVCZ. Safety was also evaluated. The complete cure rate at week 48 was significantly higher with F‐RVCZ (59.4%, 60/101) than the placebo (5.8%, 3/52) in the full analysis set (P < 0.001). The mycological cure rate at week 48 was also significantly higher with F‐RVCZ (82.0%, 73/89) than the placebo (20.0%, 10/50, P < 0.001). Regarding safety, adverse events were observed in 83.2% (84/101) and 80.8% (42/52), and adverse drug reactions (ADR) in 23.8% (24/101) and 3.8% (2/52) of F‐RVCZ and placebo subjects, respectively. ADR were mild to moderate in severity, with none being serious. F‐RVCZ (equivalent to 100 mg ravuconazole) administrated once daily for 12 weeks was more effective than placebo and tolerable in patients with onychomycosis, suggesting it to be a promising drug for onychomycosis treatment.
Open‐label pilot study to evaluate the effectiveness of topical bimatoprost on rhododendrol‐induced refractory leukoderma
Authors: Fukaya Saki , Kamata Masahiro , Kasanuki Tomoko , Yokobori Makoto , Takeoka Shintaro , Hayashi Kotaro , Tanaka Takamitsu , Fukuyasu Atsuko , Ishikawa Takeko , Ohnishi Takamitsu , Iimuro Satoshi , Tada Yayoi , Watanabe Shinichi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRhododendrol (RD), 4‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐2‐butanol, inhibits melanin synthesis and had been used in skin‐whitening cosmetic products until 2013. However, some individuals developed leukoderma on the skin where RD had been applied and have suffered from refractory depigmentation even after discontinuing RD application. Bimatoprost is a prostaglandin F2α analog and is often used for eyelash growth for cosmetic reasons as well as in the treatment of glaucoma. It was reported that bimatoprost induced skin pigmentation in addition to iris pigmentation as adverse effects. Therefore, we conducted an open‐label single‐center pilot study to evaluate the effectiveness of bimatoprost on refractory RD‐induced leukoderma. Eleven Japanese female patients with skin type III who developed leukoderma on the exact or slightly extended area of skin where RD had been applied and gained a halt of enlargement of leukoderma or repigmentation on a part of the affected skin after discontinuation of RD were enrolled. Bimatoprost 0.03% solution was applied on the leukoderma once daily for 3 months, and then the frequency of application was increased to twice daily for the subsequent 3 months. Ten patients completed the 6‐month course of bimatoprost application. In four patients, bimatoprost application brought slight improvement in RD‐induced refractory leukoderma by dermatologists’ evaluation. Because the number of enrolled patients was limited, further larger studies are necessary to better assess the effectiveness of bimatoprost in inducing repigmentation in patients with RD‐induced refractory leukoderma.
Phenazines in plant‐beneficial Pseudomonas spp.: biosynthesis, regulation, function and genomics
Authors: Biessy Adrien , Filion Martin 
Published: August 2018

SummaryPlant‐beneficial phenazine‐producing Pseudomonas spp. are proficient biocontrol agents of soil‐dwelling plant pathogens. Phenazines are redox‐active molecules that display broad‐spectrum antibiotic activity toward many fungal, bacterial and oomycete plant pathogens. Phenazine compounds also play a role in the persistence and survival of Pseudomonas spp. in the rhizosphere. This mini‐review focuses on plant‐beneficial phenazine‐producing Pseudomonas spp. from the P. fluorescens species complex, which includes numerous well‐known phenazine‐producing strains of biocontrol interest. In this review the current knowledge on phenazine biosynthesis and regulation, the role played by phenazines in biocontrol and rhizosphere colonization, as well as exciting new advances in the genomics of plant‐beneficial phenazine‐producing Pseudomonas spp. will be discussed.
Knowledge of Metropolitan Governance in the South
Authors: Tomlinson Richard , Harrison Philip 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe practices of metropolitan governance in the South are normalized and legitimized through the workings of a ‘knowledge market’ that has evolved at an extraordinary juncture between geopolitical and technological transformations. This essay describes the packaging and management of knowledge since the early 1990s, a period which has seen increasing references to concepts such as ‘public–private partnerships’, ‘new public management’ (NPM), ‘metropolitan governance' and ‘best practice’. It explains the shift in terms of the coinciding dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, which removed the brakes on ‘neoliberal policy programmes’, and the practicability of using the web for knowledge management. Accompanying the ‘metropolitan renaissance’ since the early 1990s, NPM theory provided support for private sector‐style management of formerly public services and the claimed ‘global trend’ of decentralization of those services. The essay subsequently explains how, since the early 2000s, knowledge exchange relevant to metros in the South has also arisen from participation in transnational municipal networks (TMNs). Knowledge exchange has become more geographically complex, including learning across sites in the South. A policy discourse once dominated by global agencies and national governments now primarily takes the form of global agency knowledge transfer via the web and participation in TMNs.
Cloning and characterization of Methoprene‐tolerant (Met) and Krüppel homolog 1 (Kr‐h1) genes in the wheat blossom midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana
Authors: Cheng Wei‐Ning , Li Xue‐Jiao , Zhao Jia‐Jia , Zhu‐Salzman Keyan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractJuvenile hormone (JH), a growth regulator, inhibits ecdysteroid‐induced metamorphosis and controls insect development and diapause. Methoprene‐tolerant (Met) and Krüppel homolog 1 (Kr‐h1) are two proteins involved in JH action. To gain some insight into their function in development of Sitodiplosis mosellana, an insect pest undergoing obligatory larval diapause at the mature 3rd instar stage, we cloned full‐length complementary DNAs of Met and Kr‐h1 from this species. SmMet encoded a putative protein, which contained three domains typical of the bHLH‐PAS family and eight conserved amino acid residues important for JH binding. SmKr‐h1 encoded a protein showing high sequence homology to its counterparts in other species, and contained all eight highly conserved Zn‐finger motifs for DNA‐binding. Expression patterns of SmMet and SmKr‐h1 were developmentally regulated and JH III responsive as well. Their mRNA abundance increased as larvae entered early 3rd instar, pre‐diapause and maintenance stages, and peaked during post‐diapause quiescence, a pattern correlated with JH titers in this species. Different from reduced expression of SmMet, SmKr‐h1 mRNA increased at mid‐to‐late period of post‐diapause development. Topical application of JH III on diapausing larvae also induced the two genes in a dose‐dependent manner. Expression of SmMet and SmKr‐h1 clearly declined in the pre‐pupal phase, and was significantly higher in female adults than male adults. These results suggest that JH‐responsive SmMet and SmKr‐h1 might play key roles in diapause induction and maintenance as well as in post‐diapause quiescence and adult reproduction, whereas metamorphosis from larvae to pupae might be correlated with their reduced expression.
Prospective application of an implementation framework to improve postoperative nutrition care processes: Evaluation of a mixed methods implementation study
Authors: Byrnes Angela , Young Adrienne , Mudge Alison , Banks Merrilyn , Clark David , Bauer Judy 
Published: August 2018

AimTo describe prospective application of an implementation framework to guide and evaluate a quality improvement (QI) project to improve adherence to evidence‐based postoperative diet guidelines (consistent with Enhanced Recovery After Surgery, ERAS) in older surgical patients.MethodsA hybrid mixed methods study guided by the integrated Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (i‐PARIHS) framework was used. A pre‐implementation audit identified gaps in nutrition‐related care practices against ERAS guidelines for older surgical patients. Qualitative interviews explored barriers to practice change, informing development of the facilitated implementation strategy. Iterative facilitation interventions were identified by field notes and classified using i‐PARIHS facilitator's tool‐kit. Post‐implementation audit measured implementation outcomes, and clinical processes and outcomes using controlled before–after comparative study.ResultsImplementation involved 17 discrete facilitation activities. Early postoperative diet upgrade was acceptable, well adopted (79%) and appropriate for 89% of patients. Fidelity (i.e. protocol delivered as intended) was 59%, with loss of fidelity primarily because of incorrect diet codes. Clinical processes and outcome evaluation (n = 155) compared data pre‐implementation (intervention: n = 45, control: n = 27; mean age 73 (SD 6) years, 60% male) and post‐implementation (intervention: n = 47, control: n = 36; mean age 74 (SD 6) years, 57% male). Patients on the intervention ward had higher odds of receiving early nutrition post‐implementation (adjusted odds ratio [95% CI]: 6.5 [1.9–22.4], P = 0.01).ConclusionsProspective application of an implementation framework supported planning and successful implementation in this QI project. Multi‐level evaluation of facilitation strategies, implementation outcomes, and clinical processes and outcomes helps to understand areas of success and continuing challenges.
Sediment Fingerprinting to Delineate Sources of Sediment in the Agricultural and Forested Smith Creek Watershed, Virginia, USA
Authors: Gellis A.C. , Gorman Sanisaca L. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe sediment fingerprinting approach was used to apportion fine‐grained sediment to cropland, pasture, forests, and streambanks in the agricultural and forested Smith Creek, watershed, Virginia. Smith Creek is a showcase study area in the Chesapeake Bay watershed, where management actions to reduce nutrients and sediment are being monitored. Analyses of suspended sediment at the downstream and upstream sampling sites indicated streambanks were the major source of sediment (76% downstream and 70% upstream). Current management strategies proposed to reduce sediment loadings for Smith Creek do not target streambanks as a source of sediment, whereas the results of this study indicate that management strategies to reduce sediment loads in Smith Creek may be effective if directed toward managing streambank erosion. The results of this study also highlight the utility of sediment fingerprinting as a management tool to identify sediment sources.
Accuracy, limitations and cost efficiency of eDNA‐based community survey in tropical frogs
Authors: Bálint Miklós , Nowak Carsten , Márton Orsolya , Pauls Steffen U. , Wittwer Claudia , Aramayo José Luis , Schulze Arne , Chambert Thierry , Cocchiararo Berardino , Jansen Martin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRapid environmental change in highly biodiverse tropical regions demands efficient biomonitoring programmes. While existing metrics of species diversity and community composition rely on encounter‐based survey data, eDNA recently emerged as alternative approach. Costs and ecological value of eDNA‐based methods have rarely been evaluated in tropical regions, where high species richness is accompanied by high functional diversity (e.g., the use of different microhabitats by different species and life stages). We first tested whether estimation of tropical frogs' community structure derived from eDNA data is compatible with expert field assessments. Next, we evaluated whether eDNA is a financially viable solution for biodiversity monitoring in tropical regions. We applied eDNA metabarcoding to investigate frog species occurrence in five ponds in the Chiquitano dry forest region in Bolivia and compared our data with a simultaneous visual and audio encounter survey (VAES). We found that taxon lists and community structure generated with eDNA and VAES correspond closely, and most deviations are attributable to different species' life histories. Cost efficiency of eDNA surveys was mostly influenced by the richness of local fauna and the number of surveyed sites: VAES may be less costly in low‐diversity regions, but eDNA quickly becomes more cost‐efficient in high‐diversity regions with many sites sampled. The results highlight that eDNA is suitable for large‐scale biodiversity surveys in high‐diversity areas if life history is considered, and certain precautions in sampling, genetic analyses and data interpretation are taken. We anticipate that spatially extensive, standardized eDNA biodiversity surveys will quickly emerge in the future.
Re‐examining RAMRY/94‐az‐Zālif 1 no. 1: probable finding of a previously unknown name for a temple of S1yn amid a plurality of scribal errors
Authors: Weimar Jason Everett 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRAMRY/94‐az‐Zālif 1 no. 1 (first century BCE to second century CE) is a Hadramitic inscription from ancient az‐Zālif that has eluded a full interpretation because of scribal errors and lacunae. I survey and critique Frantsouzoff’s and the Digital Archive for the Study of pre‐Islamic Arabian Inscriptions’ previous treatments of the text. After proposing an emendation of an incompletely engraved letter and noting the presence of construction text formulary phrases, I reconstruct the lacunae and suggest that the inscription records the erection of a sanctuary for S1yn Bql, a previously unknown epithet for the god S1yn. This new reading will show that the text contains more errors than previously known and implies that Bql is the hitherto unknown name of the temple in which the inscription was found.
Distinctions in Alcohol‐Induced Memory Impairment: A Mixed Methods Study of En Bloc Versus Fragmentary Blackouts
Authors: Miller Mary Beth , Merrill Jennifer E. , DiBello Angelo M. , Carey Kate B. 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundBlackouts—or memory loss for all or part of a drinking event—are reliable predictors of alcohol‐related consequences. Studies suggest a distinction between en bloc (complete memory loss) and fragmentary (off‐and‐on memory loss) blackouts; however, research has not consistently differentiated between these 2 forms of blackout. This study aimed to validate the distinction between en bloc and fragmentary blackouts among young adults.MethodsData were collected using qualitative (Study 1) and quantitative (Study 2) research methods. Participants in both studies were college students with a history of alcohol‐induced memory impairment. They were recruited using community advertisement (Study 1, N = 50, 56% female) and Qualtrics survey panels (Study 2, N = 350, 56% female). Study 1 participants engaged in 8 focus groups. Discussions were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim, and coded using applied thematic analysis. Findings guided assessment of en bloc and fragmentary blackout in Study 2. In Study 2, a separate sample of participants completed an online survey assessing drinking behavior, alcohol‐induced memory impairment, and theoretical correlates of en bloc and fragmentary blackouts.ResultsStudy 1 participants differentiated between en bloc and fragmentary blackouts (which they referred to as “blackouts” and “brownouts,” respectively) based on duration and extent of memory loss. They indicated that blackouts occur along a continuum, with en bloc “blackouts” at the extreme. They also stated that the term “blackout drinking” does not always imply memory loss. Study 2 participants reported higher rates of “brownouts” (81%) than “blackouts” (54%). They reported less negative outcome expectancies and attitudes, greater personal approval, higher prevalence estimates, lower self‐efficacy, and stronger intentions for “brownouts” than “blackouts” (p < 0.001). Women perceived “blackouts/brownouts” as more prevalent than men and reported lower intentions to experience “blackouts” (p < 0.005).ConclusionsYoung adults are more permissive of fragmentary than en bloc blackout. En bloc blackouts may be a target for future interventions.
Deletion at 12q12 increases the risk of developmental delay and intellectual disability
Authors: Weng Ying , Luo Xiaoping , Hou Ling 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSingle‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays have been widely used to identify novel genomic imbalances. Many of these genomic imbalances have been confirmed to interact with developmental delays, intellectual disabilities (IDs), and congenital defects. Here, we identify a Chinese girl with a 3.18‐Mb deletion at 12q12 (human genome build 19: 43,418,911‐46,601,627) who showed postnatal growth delay, low‐set ears, small hands and feet, widely spaced nipples, and blue sclerae. Deletions at 12q12 are extremely rare chromosomal imbalances; only four cases involving a deletion of this type have previously been reported. In these five sporadic cases, all of the patients exhibited developmental issues accompanied by different degrees of ID. A review of DECIPHER patient data revealed an additional six cases involving genomic deletion at 12q12. Many of the patients in these cases exhibited developmental delay and ID. When these patients were included, 91% and 73% of individuals with a deletion in this chromosomal region presented with developmental retardation and ID, respectively. Database searches indicated that this copy number variant (CNV) has not been found in normal humans. Therefore, we suggest that a CNV in this region is a risk factor for developmental retardation and ID.
Does a Comprehensive Inpatient Rehabilitation Program Improve Patients’ and Caregivers’ Emotional State in LVAD Patients?
Authors: Rossi Ferrario Silvia , Bacich Daniela , Beltrame Laura , Balestroni Gianluigi , Pistono Massimo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFew studies evaluated the effect of cardiac rehabilitation programs on perceived emotional and health status of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) patients, and none explored their effect on caregivers’ strain. We enrolled 119 adult LVAD patients, together with their caregivers (n = 91), in two Rehabilitation Institutes that provided inpatient multidisciplinary activities. At admittance and prior to discharge they completed questionnaires evaluating patient emotional state and subjective perception of health status, caregiver strain, and patient and caregiver perception of the VAD. Six months after discharge, patients and caregivers were contacted again and asked specific questions about their quality of life. Patients’ state anxiety and depression symptoms significantly diminished at discharge (0.000), whereas their perception of general health status rose (0.000). Caregivers’ perceived strain also significantly decreased (0.001) and the perceived device management skill grew both for patients and caregivers (0.000). A substantial amount (36%) of psychologically frail patients and caregivers, although improving their emotional condition, never reached that of the less frail subjects. At the 6‐month follow‐up, both patients and caregivers appeared stable in evaluating respectively their general health and their caregiving‐related strain, compared to discharge. Our data show that a comprehensive inpatient rehabilitation program improves the emotional state of LVAD patients and of their caregivers, even in psychologically frailer subjects. Team approach makes patients and caregivers self‐confident about device management, increasing their knowledge, clarifying their doubts, and encouraging them to handle the difficulties met during the rehabilitation period, suggesting strategies to cope with daily life at home.
Longitudinal bleb morphology in anterior segment OCT after minimally invasive transscleral ab interno Glaucoma Gel Microstent implantation
Authors: Lenzhofer Markus , Strohmaier Clemens , Hohensinn Melchior , Hitzl Wolfgang , Sperl Philipp , Gerner Matthias , Steiner Veit , Moussa Sarah , Krall Eva , Reitsamer Herbert A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPurposeLike the classic trabeculectomy, the minimally invasive, ab interno XEN Glaucoma Gel Microstent (XEN‐GGM) creates a filtration bleb in the conjunctiva. The goal of this study was to investigate internal bleb morphology over time with anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS‐OCT) after XEN‐GGM implantation.MethodsIn a prospective, single‐centre, single‐armed cohort study, blebs were characterized using AS‐OCT in 78 eyes of 60 patients at day 1, at weeks 1 and 2 and at months 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 after XEN‐GGM implantation in patients with open‐angle glaucoma. Morphological bleb characteristics were correlated with IOP and surgical success.ResultsAnterior segment optical coherence tomography data indicate early and late bleb changes in the course of 12 months. Uniform blebs in AS‐OCTs showed higher IOPs at all examinations between week 1 (17.7 ± 4.8 mmHg versus 11.3 ± 7.1 mmHg, p = 0.001) and month 3 (16.4 ± 6.1 versus 13.4 ± 6.1, p = 0.04). Subconjunctival tissue separation bleb morphology was associated with lower mean IOPs during the course of 12 months (r = −0.75, p = 0.031). Predictors for surgical failure at month 12 were microcystic multiform bleb morphology in AS‐OCT at month 3 (60% versus 15%, relative risk 4.0, p = 0.043) and uniform bleb morphology at month 9 (33% versus 23%, relative risk 1.4, p = 0.015).ConclusionBleb appearance after XEN surgery seems to be different to classic trabeculectomy literature. The present data suggest correlation of IOP and surgical long‐term success with bleb morphology in AS‐OCT. Prevalence of small diffuse cysts is directly associated with lower IOPs, while cystic encapsulation at 3 months predicts higher surgical failure.