bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Invertible Mathematical Model of Cortical Bone’s Adaptation to Mechanical Loading
Authors: Prasad Jitendra , Goyal Ajay 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDetermination of mechanical loading regimen that would induce a prescribed new bone formation rate and its site-specific distribution, may be desirable to treat some orthopaedic conditions such as bone loss due to muscle disuse, e.g. because of space flight, bed-rest, osteopenia etc. Site-specific new bone formation has been determined earlier experimentally and numerically for a given loading regimen; however these models are mostly non-invertible, which means that they cannot be easily inverted to predict loading parameters for a desired new bone formation. The present work proposes an invertible model of bone remodeling, which can predict loading parameters such as peak strain, or magnitude and direction of periodic forces for a desired or prescribed site-specific mineral apposition rate (MAR), and vice versa. This fast, mathematical model has a potential to be developed into an important aid for orthopaedic surgeons for prescribing exercise or exogenous loading of bone to treat bone-loss due to muscle disuse.
Satellitome landscape analysis of Megaleporinus macrocephalus (Teleostei, Anostomidae) reveals intense accumulation of satellite sequences on the heteromorphic sex chromosome
Authors: Utsunomia Ricardo , Silva Duílio Mazzoni Zerbinato de Andrade , Ruiz-Ruano Francisco J. , Goes Caio Augusto Gomes , Melo Silvana , Ramos Lucas Peres , Oliveira Claudio , Porto-Foresti Fábio , Foresti Fausto , Hashimoto Diogo Teruo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe accumulation of repetitive DNA sequences on the sex-limited W or Y chromosomes is a well-known process that is likely triggered by the suppression of recombination between the sex chromosomes, which leads to major differences in their sizes and genetic content. Here, we report an analysis conducted on the satellitome ofMegaleporinus macrocephalusthat focuses specifically on the satDNAs that have been shown to have higher abundances in females and are putatively located on the W chromosome in this species. We characterized 164 satellite families inM.macrocephalus, which is, by far, the most satellite-rich species discovered to date. Subsequently, we mapped 30 satellites, 22 of which were located on the W chromosome, and 14 were shown to exist only on the W chromosome. Finally, we report two simple, quick and reliable methods that can be used for sex identification inM.macrocephalusindividuals using fin clips or scales, which could be applicable to future studies conducted in the field of aquaculture.
Multi-layer adaptation of group coordination in musical ensembles
Authors: Hilt Pauline M. , Badino Leonardo , D’Ausilio Alessandro , Volpe Gualtiero , Tokay Serâ , Fadiga Luciano , Camurri Antonio 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGroup coordination passes through an efficient integration of multimodal sources of information. This study examines complex non-verbal communication by recording movement kinematics from conductors and two sections of violinists of an orchestra adapting to a perturbation affecting their normal pattern of sensorimotor communication (rotation of half a turn of the first violinists’ section). We show that different coordination signals are channeled through ancillary (head kinematics) and instrumental movements (bow kinematics). Each one of them affect coordination either at the inter-group or intra-group levels, therefore tapping into different modes of cooperation: complementary versus imitative coordination. Our study suggests that the co-regulation of group behavior is based on the exchange of information across several layers, each one of them tuned to carry specific coordinative signals. Multi-layer sensorimotor communication may be the key musicians and, more generally humans, use to flexibly communicate between each other in interactive sensorimotor tasks.
Growth kinetics of Chlamydia trachomatis in primary human Sertoli cells
Authors: Filardo Simone , Skilton Rachel J. , O’Neill Colette E. , Di Pietro Marisa , Sessa Rosa , Clarke Ian N. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractChlamydia trachomatis (Ct) is the leading cause of bacterial sexually transmitted infections worldwide and has been associated with male infertility. Recently, it was hypothesized that Ct may infect the epithelium of the seminiferous tubule, formed by Sertoli cells, thus leading to impaired spermatogenesis. To date, there is a lack of data on Ct infection of the seminiferous epithelium; therefore, we aimed to characterize, for the first time, an in vitro infection model of primary human Sertoli cells. We compared Ct inclusion size, morphology and growth kinetics with those in McCoy cells and we studied F-actin fibres, Vimentin-based intermediate filaments and α-tubulin microtubules in Sertoli and McCoy cells. Our main finding highlighted the ability of Ct to infect Sertoli cells, although with a unique growth profile and the inability to exit host cells. Furthermore, we observed alterations in the cytoskeletal fibres of infected Sertoli cells. Our results suggest that Ct struggles to generate a productive infection in Sertoli cells, limiting its dissemination in the host. Nevertheless, the adverse effect on the cytoskeleton supports the notion that Ct may compromise the blood-testis barrier, impairing spermatogenesis.
Effects of exogenous melatonin on clinical and pathological features of a human thyroglobulin-induced experimental autoimmune thyroiditis mouse model
Authors: Lin Jiunn-Diann , Fang Wen-Fang , Tang Kam-Tsun , Cheng Chao-Wen 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMelatonin (MLT) plays a significant role in both innate and adaptive immunity, and dysregulation of the MLT signature can modify autoimmune disease phenotypes. In this study, the influence of exogenous MLT administration on regulating autoimmune thyroiditis animal models was evaluated. An experimental autoimmune thyroiditis model was established in MLT-synthesizing (CBA) and MLT-deficient (C57BL/6) mice by immunization with human thyroidglobulin (TG), which features thyrotoxicosis, thyrocyte damage, and CD3+T cell infiltration. In TG-immunized CBA mice, exogenous MLT administration in drinking water (6 μg/ml) enhanced thyroiditis and increased TG-specific splenocyte proliferation but not the anti-thyroglobulin antibody (ATA) titer, while MLT alone caused no significant alteration in thyroid function or histopathology. Meanwhile, MLT administration did not modify thyroid function, the ATA titer, or the thyroid histopathology, but results showed an increase in the splenocyte proliferative capacity in TG-immunized C57BL/6 mice. Collectively, our data showed that early exogenous MLT modified the progression of autoimmune thyroiditis through T cell-driven immunity, and excess MLT worsened the clinical and pathological features.
Deep learning in estimating prevalence and systemic risk factors for diabetic retinopathy: a multi-ethnic study
Authors: Ting Daniel S. W. , Cheung Carol Y. , Nguyen Quang , Sabanayagam Charumathi , Lim Gilbert , Lim Zhan Wei , Tan Gavin S. W. , Soh Yu Qiang , Schmetterer Leopold , Wang Ya Xing , Jonas Jost B. , Varma Rohit , Lee Mong Li , Hsu Wynne , Lamoureux Ecosse , Cheng Ching-Yu , Wong Tien Yin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn any community, the key to understanding the burden of a specific condition is to conduct an epidemiological study. The deep learning system (DLS) recently showed promising diagnostic performance for diabetic retinopathy (DR). This study aims to use DLS as the grading tool, instead of human assessors, to determine the prevalence and the systemic cardiovascular risk factors for DR on fundus photographs, in patients with diabetes. This is a multi-ethnic (5 races), multi-site (8 datasets from Singapore, USA, Hong Kong, China and Australia), cross-sectional study involving 18,912 patients (n = 93,293 images). We compared these results and the time taken for DR assessment by DLS versus 17 human assessors – 10 retinal specialists/ophthalmologists and 7 professional graders). The estimation of DR prevalence between DLS and human assessors is comparable for any DR, referable DR and vision–threatening DR (VTDR) (Human assessors: 15.9, 6.5% and 4.1%; DLS: 16.1%, 6.4%, 3.7%). Both assessment methods identified similar risk factors (with comparable AUCs), including younger age, longer diabetes duration, increased HbA1c and systolic blood pressure, for any DR, referable DR and VTDR (p > 0.05). The total time taken for DLS to evaluate DR from 93,293 fundus photographs was ~1 month compared to 2 years for human assessors. In conclusion, the prevalence and systemic risk factors for DR in multi-ethnic population could be determined accurately using a DLS, in significantly less time than human assessors. This study highlights the potential use of AI for future epidemiology or clinical trials for DR grading in the global communities.
Zinc intoxication induces ferroptosis in A549 human lung cells
Authors: Palmer Lauren D , Jordan Ashley T , Maloney K Nichole , Farrow Melissa A , Gutierrez Danielle B , Gant-Branum Randi , Burns William J , Romer Carrie E , Tsui Tina , Allen Jamie L , Beavers William N , Nei Yuan-Wei , Sherrod Stacy D , Lacy D Borden , Norris Jeremy L , McLean John A , Caprioli Richard M , Skaar Eric P 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential trace metal required for all forms of life, but is toxic at high concentrations. While the toxic effects of high levels of Zn are well documented, the mechanism of cell death appears to vary based on the study and concentration of Zn. Zn has been proposed as an anti-cancer treatment against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The goal of this analysis was to determine the effects of Zn on metabolism and cell death in A549 cells. Here, high throughput multi-omics analysis identified the molecular effects of Zn intoxication on the proteome, metabolome, and transcriptome of A549 human NSCLC cells after 5 min to 24 h of Zn exposure. Multi-omics analysis combined with additional experimental evidence suggests Zn intoxication induces ferroptosis, an iron and lipid peroxidation-dependent programmed cell death, demonstrating the utility of multi-omics analysis to identify cellular response to intoxicants.
lncRedibly versatile: biochemical and biological functions of long noncoding RNAs
Authors: Shields Emily J. , Petracovici Ana F. , Bonasio Roberto 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts that do not code for proteins, but nevertheless exert regulatory effects on various biochemical pathways, in part via interactions with proteins, DNA, and other RNAs. LncRNAs are thought to regulate transcription and other biological processes by acting, for example, as guides that target proteins to chromatin, scaffolds that facilitate protein–protein interactions and complex formation, and orchestrators of phase-separated compartments. The study of lncRNAs has reached an exciting time, as recent advances in experimental and computational methods allow for genome-wide interrogation of biochemical and biological mechanisms of these enigmatic transcripts. A better appreciation for the biochemical versatility of lncRNAs has allowed us to begin closing gaps in our knowledge of how they act in diverse cellular and organismal contexts, including development and disease.
The enhanced immunological activity of Paulownia tomentosa flower polysaccharide on Newcastle disease vaccine in chicken
Authors: Yang Haifeng , Zhang Ping , Xu Xiaozhou , Chen Xiaolan , Liu Qingxin , Jiang Chunmao 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The extracts of Paulownia tomentosa (P. tomentosa) exhibit multiple pharmacological activities. In the present study, P. tomentosa flower polysaccharides (PTFP) were extracted by water decoction and ethanol precipitation, and the immunologic modulations of PTFP against Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine was investigated in chickens. The results showed that in a certain range of concentrations, PTFP treatment can dose-dependently enhance lymphocyte proliferation. Then, 280 14-days-old chickens were randomly divided into seven groups, and vaccinated with ND vaccine except blank control (BC) group. At the first vaccination, chickens were orally administrated with PTFP at concentration ranging from 0 to 50 mg/kg once a day for 3 successive days, and the BC group was treated with physiological saline. The lymphocyte proliferation rate, serum antibody titer, and levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were respectively measured on 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after the first vaccination. The results showed that PTFP at the suitable doses could significantly promote lymphocyte proliferation, enhance serum antibody titer, and improve serum IFN-γ concentrations. Taken together, these data indicated that PTFP could improve the immune efficacy against ND vaccine in chickens, and could be as the candidate of a new-type immune adjuvant.
Multilevel Models for Communication Sciences and Disorders
Authors: Harel Daphna , McAllister Tara 
Published: April 2019

PurposeResearch in communication sciences and disorders frequently involves the collection of clusters of observations, such as a series of scores for each individual receiving treatment over the course of an intervention study. However, little discipline-specific guidance is currently available on the subject of building and interpreting multilevel models. This article offers a tutorial on multilevel models, using notation from the R statistical software, and discusses their implications for research in communication sciences and disorders.MethodThis tutorial introduces multilevel models and contrasts them with other methods to analyze repeated measures data, such as repeated measures analysis of variance or standard linear regression. It also provides guidance on interpreting the components of a multilevel model and selecting the best-fitting model. Finally, these models are illustrated through an analysis of real data from a study of speech production training in second-language speakers of English.ConclusionsAs a flexible method that can increase the rigor of modeling for clustered data, multilevel modeling represents an important tool for research in communication disorders. Given their increasingly prominent role in the analysis of experimental data in communication sciences, it is important for researchers to be familiar with the basics of building and interpreting these models.
Alternative zur „Face-to-face“-Medizin
Authors: Leippert Claudia 
Published: April 2019

Zusammenfassung
Im Januar 2019 fand die „DiaTec“ mit dem Fokus auf die Telemedizin statt. Sie ist tendenziell zwar auf den Fachbereich Diabetologie gerichtet, jedoch reichen die Möglichkeiten der Anwendung von Telemedizin auch relevant u. a. in den hausärztlichen Bereich hinein. Telemedizin beschreibt medizinische Versorgungskonzepte mittels Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien über räumliche Entfernungen (oder zeitlichen Versatz) hinweg 1. Unterschiedliche Umstände wie z. B. ländliche, minderversorgte Umgebung, Hausärztemangel, alte und/oder immobile oder berufstätige Patienten begünstigen und fordern den Einsatz von Telemedizin additiv zur konventionellen „Face-to-face“-Medizin.
Evidence of Foam Sclerotherapy in the Treatment of
Recurrent Varicose Veins
Authors: Peter Jochen , Pourhassan Siamak 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Purpose Efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy (UGFS)
for the treatment of primary venous disease is proven, but the main application
field of UGFS remains the treatment of recurrent varicose veins (RVV). The aim
of this study is to determine the extent to which this treatment indication is
evidence-based.
Methods In PubMed and other publicly accessible databases, literature was
reviewed until June 2018 and checked for relevance. The focus was on results
with regard to anatomical success as well as clinical success and perception by
patients.
Results Several observational studies comprised a subgroup of RVV
patients, but systematic stratification for RVV patients were only rarely
performed. In most of these studies including the few reports specifically
investigating RVV patients anatomical success as the primary outcome measure
revealed similar results compared to primary interventions and favourable
results in patients with neovascularization. Data on clinical outcome and
patient perception were inconclusive due to low study numbers and insufficient
stratification. Complications in RVV patients were rare.
Conclusion Although the advantages inherent to the UGFS principle provide
a strong rationale that this method best meets the requirements of the specific
RVV characteristics, concept and previous observations should be supported by
more evidence. Systematic studies in RVV patients with sufficient sample size
are required.
Thrombophilien: Wann ist eine weiterführende Diagnostik
sinnvoll?
Authors: Landahl F. , Langer F. , Woitalla-Bruning J. 
Published: April 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Entwicklung der tiefen Beinvenenthrombose (TVT) wird meist durch klassische
Risikofaktoren wie Immobilisation oder größere Operationen begünstigt. Eine
Thrombose unklarer Ätiologie, insbesondere bei jüngeren Patienten, sollte weiter
abgeklärt werden.Die Indikation zur Thrombophiliediagnostik sollte stets eng gestellt werden und
nur bei Verdacht auf einen schwere Thrombophilie oder einer auffälligen Häufung
von thromboembolischen Ereignissen bei erstgradigen Verwandten empfohlen werden,
da sich aus den Untersuchungsergebnissen Konsequenzen hinsichtlich der
Einschätzung des Rezidiv-Risikos und damit der Therapieempfehlung für eine
prolongierten Thrombosetherapie ergeben könnten.
On Artemisinin, Cyclopamine, D-Isocitric acid, Hyperforin, Epigenetics, Sialic Acid, and More
Authors: Giannis Athanassios , Mousavizadeh Farnoush 
Published: April 2019

In this Account we present the total syntheses of artemisinin (an important antimalarial agent) and cyclopamine (the first natural inhibitor of the hedgehog signaling pathway). Furthermore, we describe the design and development of a γ-butyrolactone as an inhibitor of Gcn5 (a histone N-acetyltransferase), discuss the discovery of hyperforin and guttiferon G as the first natural products acting as inhibitors of sirtuins, and present the design of inhibitors of sialic acid biosynthesis. The biomedical background and importance are also discussed. Finally, we present the discovery and development of methods for transesterification, IBX-mediated oxidations, reduction of several functional groups with LiBH4/Me3SiCl, as well as a process enabling the synthesis of kilogram amounts of D-isocitric acid and its transformation to valuable chiral derivatives.1	Artemisinin and Malaria2	Cyclopamine and Cyclops3	Sunflowers, Krebs Cycle, and Isocitric acid4	Histones and N-Acetyltransferase Gcn55	St. John’s Wort, Hippocrates, and Sirtuins6	Sialic Acid and Inhibitors of Its Biosynthesis7	Transesterification8	IBX Reloaded9	And Finally: A Small Mistake with a Big Impact10	Epilogue
Thermoelectrics versus thermophotovoltaics: two approaches to convert heat fluxes into electricity
Authors: Okanimba Tedah Irene Ambo , Maculewicz Franziska , Wolf Dietrich E , Schmechel Roland 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Direct conversion of heat fluxes into electricity is usually done by thermoelectric generators (TEGs). For hot-side temperatures above 1000 K, thermal radiation carries a high energy density, comparable with the energy density extracted from TEGs and therefore a direct conversion of thermal radiation into electricity, named thermophotovoltaics (TPV), would also be an option. This paper compares both methods with respect to efficiency and extractable power density. The physical limits are estimated under simplified but realistic boundary conditions. For TPV the radiative detailed balance limit under black body radiation, which was calculated for different hot-side temperatures from 310 K to 3000 K for an optimized bandgap of the applied material was used. But, since very narrow bandgaps leading to strong non-radiative recombination mechanisms, the bandgap was limited to

. The effect of suppressing sub-bandgap radiation as well as an enhanced radiation density in the nearfield (near-field TPV) were also included. The TEG efficiency and power density was calculated under thermal matching conditions with a heat transfer coefficient of

and an average device

. The results are compared with experimental data for TPV and TEGs from literature. It is shown, that up to 600 K hot-side temperature TEGs are superior to TPV, due to a significant higher power density. Above 1000 K TPV profits from higher efficiency by a similar power density. But above 2000 K TPV suffers from cell heating. The range 600 K to 1000 K is currently captured by high temperature thermoelectrics, but near-field TPV (NF-TPV) has good chances to compete with TEGs in this temperature range in the future.
Joint effort among research infrastructures to quantify the impact of plastic debris in the ocean
Authors: Conchubhair Diarmuid Ó , Fitzhenry Deirdre , Lusher Amy , King Andrew L , van Emmerik Tim , Lebreton Laurent , Ricaurte-Villota Constanza , Espinosa Luisa , O’Rourke Eleanor 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Marine debris is one of the most significant problems facing the marine environment, endangering wildlife, polluting oceans and is an issue which holds global significance. Plastics constitute a large proportion of marine debris, and their persistence can cause a number of negative consequences for biota and the environment, including entanglement and ingestion, which can lead to mortality. Most plastics never biodegrade and instead break down into smaller pieces which are more difficult to monitor and eventually become so small (micro and nanoplastics), that they are challenging to observe or intercept in the ocean. Marine-based Research Infrastructures (RIs) monitor several environmental parameters and are situated around the globe; however, none of these are routinely monitoring marine debris or plastics. Currently, the only infrastructures in place with regard to marine debris are ‘physical debris interception infrastructure’ in the form of barriers constructed to prevent marine debris from entering the ocean. Several knowledge gaps and restraints exist within current in situ infrastructure including technological immaturity, diverse methodologies and lack of data harmonisation. Nevertheless, marine RIs could monitor microplastics within the water column on a long-term basis and initial steps towards developing technology are promising.