Towards Precision Medicine in Psychosis: Benefits and Challenges of Multimodal Multicenter Studies—PSYSCAN: Translating Neuroimaging Findings From Research into Clinical Practice
Authors: Tognin Stefania , van Hell Hendrika H , Merritt Kate , Winter-van Rossum Inge , Bossong Matthijs G , Kempton Matthew J , Modinos Gemma , Fusar-Poli Paolo , Mechelli Andrea , Dazzan Paola , Maat Arija , de Haan Lieuwe , Crespo-Facorro Benedicto , Glenthøj Birte , Lawrie Stephen M , McDonald Colm , Gruber Oliver , van Amelsvoort Therese , Arango Celso , Kircher Tilo , Nelson Barnaby , Galderisi Silvana , Bressan Rodrigo , Kwon Jun S , Weiser Mark , Mizrahi Romina , Sachs Gabriele , Maatz Anke , Kahn René , McGuire Phillip ,   PSYSCAN Consortium, McGuire Philip , Tognin Stefania , Fusar-Poli Paolo , Kempton Matthew , Modinos Gemma , Merritt Kate , Mechelli Andrea , Dazzan Paola , Gifford George , Petros Natalia , Antoniades Mathilde , De Micheli Andrea , Vieira Sandra , Spencer Tom J , Scarpazza Cristina , Hird Emily , Kahn Rene , Maat Arija , van Hell Erika , Winter Inge , Cahn Wiepke , Schnack Hugo , de Haan Lieuwe , Siegmann Dieuwke , Barkhof Jana , Hendriks Lotte , de Wit Iris , Crespo-Facorro Benedicto , Tordesillas-Gutierrez Diana , Setien-Suero Esther , Ayesa-Arriola Rosa , Suarez-Pinilla Paula , Ramirez-Bonilla MariaLuz , Garcia-de la foz Victor Ortiz , Glenthøj Birte , Erlang Sørensen Mikkel , Tangmose Karen , Schæbel Helle , Broberg Brian , Rostrup Egill , Lawrie Stephen , McDonald Colm , Hallahan Brian , Cannon Dara , McLoughlin James , Finnegan Martha , Gruber Oliver , van Amelsvoort Therese , Deckers Danny , Marcelis Machteld , Vingerhoets Claudia , Arango Celso , Díaz-Caneja Covadonga M , Ayora Miriam , Janssen Joost , Rodríguez-Jiménez Roberto , Díaz-Marsá Marina , Kircher Tilo , Falkenberg Irina , Bitsch Florian , Berger Philipp , Sommer Jens , Raab Kyeon , Jakobi Babette , Nelson Barnaby , McGorry Patrick , Amminger Paul , McHugh Meredith , Galderisi Silvana , Mucci Armida , Bucci Paola , Piegari Giuseppe , Pietrafesa Daria , Nicita Alessia , Patriarca Sara , Bressan Rodrigo , Zugman André , Gadelha Ary , Rodrigues da Cunha Graccielle , Soo Kwon Jun , Kevin Cho Kang I k , Young Lee Tae , Kim Minah , Bin Kwak Yoo , Jeong Hwang Wu , Weiser Mark , Mizrahi Romina , Kiang Michael , Gerritsen Cory , Maheandiran Margaret , Ahmed Sarah , Prce Ivana , Lepock Jenny , Sachs Gabriele , Willeit Matthäus , Lenczowski Marzena , Sauerzopf Ullrich , Weidenauer Ana , Furtner-Srajer Julia , Kirschner Matthias , Maatz Anke , Burrer Achim , Stämpfli Philipp , Huber Naemi , Kaiser Stefan , Kawohl Wolfram , Brammer Michael , Young Jonathan , Bullmore Edward , Morgan Sarah 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In the last 2 decades, several neuroimaging studies investigated brain abnormalities associated with the early stages of psychosis in the hope that these could aid the prediction of onset and clinical outcome. Despite advancements in the field, neuroimaging has yet to deliver. This is in part explained by the use of univariate analytical techniques, small samples and lack of statistical power, lack of external validation of potential biomarkers, and lack of integration of nonimaging measures (eg, genetic, clinical, cognitive data). PSYSCAN is an international, longitudinal, multicenter study on the early stages of psychosis which uses machine learning techniques to analyze imaging, clinical, cognitive, and biological data with the aim of facilitating the prediction of psychosis onset and outcome. In this article, we provide an overview of the PSYSCAN protocol and we discuss benefits and methodological challenges of large multicenter studies that employ neuroimaging measures.