bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foley catheter vs. oral misoprostol to induce labour among hypertensive women in India: a cost‐consequence analysis alongside a clinical trial
Authors: Leigh S , Granby P , Haycox A , Mundle S , Bracken H , Khedikar V , Mulik J , Faragher B , Easterling T , Turner MA , Alfirevic Z , Winikoff B , Weeks AD 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveTo determine the effectiveness and economic impact of two methods for induction of labour in hypertensive women, in low‐resource settings.DesignCost‐consequence analysis of a previously reported multicentre, parallel, open‐label randomised trial.Setting & populationA total of 602 women with a live fetus, aged ≥18 years requiring delivery for pre‐eclampsia or hypertension, in two public hospitals in Nagpur, India.MethodsWe performed a formal economic evaluation alongside the INFORM clinical trial. Women were randomised to receive transcervical Foley catheterisation or oral misoprostol 25 mcg. Healthcare expenditure was calculated using a provider‐side microcosting approach.Main outcome measuresRates of vaginal this delivery within 24 hours of induction, healthcare expenditure per completed treatment episode.ResultsInduction with oral misoprostol resulted in a (mean difference) $20.6USD reduction in healthcare expenditure [95% CI (−) $123.59 (−) $72.49], and improved achievement of vaginal delivery within 24 hours of induction, mean difference 10% [95% CI (−2 to 17.9%), P = 0.016]. Oxytocin administration time was reduced by 135.3 minutes [95% CI (84.4–186.2 minutes), P < 0.01] and caesarean sections by 9.1% [95% CI (1.1–17%), P = 0.025] for those receiving oral misoprostol. Following probabilistic sensitivity analysis, oral misoprostol was cost‐saving in 63% of 5,000 bootstrap replications and achieved superior rates of vaginal delivery, delivery within 24 hours of induction and vaginal delivery within 24 hours of induction in 98.7%, 90.7%, and 99.4% of bootstrap simulations. Based on univariate threshold analysis, the unit price of oral misoprostol 25 mcg could feasibly increase 31‐fold from $0.24 to $7.50 per 25 mcg tablet and remain cost‐saving.ConclusionCompared to Foley catheterisation for the induction of high‐risk hypertensive women, oral misoprostol improves rates of vaginal delivery within 24 hours of induction and may also reduce costs. Additional research performed in other low‐resource settings is required to determine their relative cost‐effectiveness.Tweetable abstractOral misoprostol less costly and more effective than Foley catheter for labour induction in hypertension.
The DiPEP study: an observational study of the diagnostic accuracy of clinical assessment, D‐dimer and chest x‐ray for suspected pulmonary embolism in pregnancy and postpartum
Authors: Goodacre S , Horspool K , Nelson‐Piercy C , Knight M , Shephard N , Lecky F , Thomas S , Hunt BJ , Fuller G ,   the DiPEP research group
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveTo identify clinical features associated with pulmonary embolism (PE) diagnosis and determine the accuracy of decision rules and D‐dimer for diagnosing suspected PE in pregnant/postpartum womenDesignObservational cohort study augmented with additional cases.SettingEmergency departments and maternity units at eleven prospectively recruiting sites and maternity units in the United Kingdom Obstetric Surveillance System (UKOSS)Population324 pregnant/postpartum women with suspected PE and 198 pregnant/postpartum women with diagnosed PEMethodsWe recorded clinical features, elements of clinical decision rules, D‐dimer measurements, imaging results, treatments and adverse outcomes up to 30 daysMain outcome measuresWomen were classified as having PE on the basis of imaging, treatment and adverse outcomes by assessors blind to clinical features and D‐dimer. Primary analysis was limited to women with conclusive imaging to avoid work‐up bias. Secondary analyses included women with clinically diagnosed or ruled out PE.ResultsThe only clinical features associated with PE on multivariate analysis were age (odds ratio 1.06; 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.11), previous thrombosis (3.07; 1.05–8.99), family history of thrombosis (0.35; 0.14–0.90), temperature (2.22; 1.26–3.91), systolic blood pressure (0.96; 0.93–0.99), oxygen saturation (0.87; 0.78–0.97) and PE‐related chest x‐ray abnormality (13.4; 1.39–130.2). Clinical decision rules had areas under the receiver‐operator characteristic curve ranging from 0.577 to 0.732 and no clinically useful threshold for decision‐making. Sensitivities and specificities of D‐dimer were 88.4% and 8.8% using a standard threshold and 69.8% and 32.8% using a pregnancy‐specific threshold.ConclusionsClinical decision rules and D‐dimer should not be used to select pregnant or postpartum women with suspected PE for further investigation. Clinical features and chest x‐ray appearances may have counter‐intuitive associations with PE in this context.Tweetable abstractClinical decision rules and D‐dimer are not helpful for diagnosing pregnant/postpartum women with suspected PE
Prepopulating Audit Workpapers with Prior Year Assessments: Default Option Effects on Risk Rating Accuracy
Authors: BONNER SARAH , MAJORS TRACIE , RITTER STACEY 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTRisk assessment is a critical audit task, as auditors’ accuracy therein affects audit effectiveness and financial reporting quality, as well as audit efficiency. We propose that risk assessment accuracy for client risks that have changed from the prior year is affected by the manner in which auditors access prior year risk assessments, specifically whether they face a default option created by the prepopulation of current year workpapers with those assessments. We find that auditors with prepopulated (vs. blank) workpapers are less accurate for risks that have changed because they are more likely to stick with last year's assessments, and also to work fast. We then show that auditor characteristics reflecting a preference for accuracy reduce, but do not eliminate, these effects. Finally, we provide exploratory evidence that sticking and working fast are associated with, respectively, motivated reasoning and superficial processing. Collectively, these findings suggest the critical need for an intervention, and also have implications outside auditing.
Somnophilia and Sexual Abuse through the Administration of GHB and GBL
Authors: Pettigrew Mark 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSomnophilia, the desire to have sex with an unconscious, sleeping, or comatose person who is unable to respond, is a sexual paraphilia that is seldom reported. The underlying desire is often overshadowed by the act of sexual violation and when using GHB or GBL to induce unconsciousness, as in the case presented here, the victim might not even be able to recall, for certain, that they have been sexually violated. A case study is offered of a somnophile who adulterated drinks to render young men unconscious, so he could rape them in that state, before progressing to administering drugs anally on the pretext of applying lubrication to the anus to facilitate sexual intercourse. The offender's fetishistic compulsion to have sex with unconscious men propelled him to experiment with the means by which he surreptitiously administered drugs to his victims in order to deepen their comatose state.
Critical Governance Issue of Parathyroid Hormone Assays and its Selection in the Management of Chronic Kidney Disease Mineral and Bone Disorders
Authors: Kakuta Takatoshi , Ishida Mari , Fukagawa Masafumi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMeasurement of circulating parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels is essential for optimal management of mineral and bone disorders (MBD) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. There are two major types of PTH assays currently in use: intact parathyroid hormone (i‐PTH) and whole PTH (w‐PTH) assays. The i‐PTH assay is the current standard, and considerable information regarding the management of CKD‐MBD has been obtained with this method. However, several limitations have been found with the i‐PTH assay. One limitation is that i‐PTH assay also measures fragments other than full‐length PTH (1‐84). Another limitation is the existence of multiple readout methods of the i‐PTH assay. The w‐PTH assay is theoretically ideal because it exclusively detects full‐length PTH (1‐84). However, clinical data proving the advantages of w‐PTH measurement are not sufficient. For uremic patients, Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes suggest that PTH levels should be maintained within approximately two to nine times the upper normal limit of the i‐PTH assays. The most critical issue in the evaluation of PTH levels is the lack of definitive PTH assay method. Evidence‐based recommendations on clinical management goals of PTH are warranted.
Adapting to survive: The case of Danish employers' organisations
Authors: Ibsen Christian Lyhne , Navrbjerg Steen E. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractScholars often characterise Danish employers' organisations (EOs) as relatively stable, with a continuing role in the coordination of industrial relations and corporatist policymaking. This article shows that, beneath surface stability, Danish EOs have significantly adapted structurally and functionally to survive environmental pressures. However, rather than converging onto a liberal market trajectory, we find that Danish EOs have layered new functions onto traditional collective functions. We also find significant variations in functional adaptation depending on the employer constituencies' exposure to international competition and position in value chains. We argue that these adaptations imply that the provision of collective goods, especially in collective bargaining, is no longer sufficient for the survival of EOs.
Wild GWAS—association mapping in natural populations
Authors: Santure Anna W. , Garant Dany 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe increasing affordability of sequencing and genotyping technologies has transformed the field of molecular ecology in recent decades. By correlating marker variants with trait variation using association analysis, large‐scale genotyping and phenotyping of individuals from wild populations has enabled the identification of genomic regions that contribute to phenotypic differences among individuals. Such “gene mapping” studies are enabling us to better predict evolutionary potential and the ability of populations to adapt to challenges, such as changing environment. These studies are also allowing us to gain insight into the evolutionary processes maintaining variation in natural populations, to better understand genotype‐by‐environment and epistatic interactions and to track the dynamics of allele frequency change at loci contributing to traits under selection. Gene mapping in the wild using genomewide association scans (GWAS) do, however, come with a number of methodological challenges, not least the population structure in space and time inherent to natural populations. We here provide an overview of these challenges, summarize the exciting methodological advances and applications of association mapping in natural populations reported in this special issue and provide some guidelines for future “wild GWAS” research.
Efficacy and safety of nivolumab in non‐small cell lung cancer with preexisting interstitial lung disease
Authors: Kanai Osamu , Kim Young Hak , Demura Yoshiki , Kanai Makiko , Ito Tsuyoshi , Fujita Kohei , Yoshida Hironori , Akai Masaya , Mio Tadashi , Hirai Toyohiro 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundThe risk of developing lung cancer is high in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD), as few treatment options are available. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are used for the treatment of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in clinical practice; however, in patients with preexisting ILD, the risk of ICI‐related pneumonitis is unknown. We evaluated the efficacy and lung toxicity of nivolumab in patients with NSCLC and ILD.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 216 NSCLC patients who had received nivolumab therapy. The existence of ILD in these patients was determined by lung computed tomography findings; 26 patients had ILD. We evaluated the efficacy of nivolumab by measuring the response rate (RR), progression‐free survival (PFS) duration, and lung toxicity by incidence, severity, and outcome of nivolumab‐related ILD.ResultsThe RR and median PFS of the ILD and non‐ILD groups were 27% versus 13% (P = 0.078) and 2.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7–5.3) versus 2.9 months (95% CI 2.1–3.4; P = 0.919), respectively. The incidences of total and severe nivolumab‐related pneumonitis were significantly higher in the ILD group than in the non‐ILD group (31% vs. 12%, P = 0.014 and 19% vs. 5%, P = 0.022, respectively). No death from nivolumab‐related pneumonitis occurred. Over 50% of the patients in both groups with nivolumab‐related pneumonitis showed improvement over time.ConclusionRelative to the non‐ILD group, nivolumab‐related pneumonitis was observed more frequently in the ILD group; however, most cases were manageable.
Dietitian visits were a safe and cost‐effective form of follow‐up care for children with celiac disease
Authors: Johansson Karolina , Malmberg Hård af Segerstad Elin , Mårtensson Helena , Agardh Daniel 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimThis study compared follow‐up protocols for paediatric celiac disease (CD) led by either paediatricians or dietitians at Swedish university hospitals.MethodsWe followed 363 CD patients under 18 years at the university hospitals in Malmö (n = 140) and Lund (n = 79) between 2011 and 2013 and after they merged to become Skåne (n = 144) between 2014 and 2016. Both Lund and Malmö provided regular paediatrician follow‐up visits, whereas Skåne provided mainly dietitian‐led visits.ResultsChildren at Lund were followed for a mean of 1.0 ± 0.5 visits per year, compared to 0.7 ± 0.6 at Malmö (p < 0.0001) and 0.9 ± 0.6 at Skåne (p = 0.11). The ratio of annual paediatrician to dietitian annual visits was 1.4:1.0 at Lund, which was higher than Malmö (0.9:1.0; p = 0.0017) and Skåne (0.6:1.0; p < 0.0001). There was no difference in the prevalence of non‐compliant patients between the clinics (p = 0.26, Malmö 13.6%, Lund 10.1%, Skåne 7.6%). Tissue transglutaminase autoantibody levels reversed equally over time at all three clinics after the subjects started a gluten‐free diet (r = −0.55, p < 0.0001). The total mean annual cost per patient was lowest at Malmö and highest at Lund (p < 0.0001).ConclusionDietary compliance was similar regardless of whether care was provided by a dietitian or paediatrician. Dietitian‐led follow‐up visits may provide lower long‐term costs.
Prospective study confirms that bronchiolitis in early infancy increases the risk of reduced lung function at 10–13 years of age
Authors: Riikonen Riikka , Lauhkonen Eero , Törmänen Sari , Backman Katri , Koponen Petri , Helminen Merja , Nuolivirta Kirsi , Korppi Matti 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimThis study evaluated children hospitalised for bronchiolitis at less than six months of age to see if they had reduced lung function in early adolescence.MethodsWe have prospectively followed 166 children hospitalised for infant bronchiolitis in 2001–2004 at Tampere University Hospital, Finland. At 10–13 years of age, flow‐volume spirometry was measured in 89 cases and 108 controls without infant bronchiolitis from the local population register. Parameters of flow‐volume spirometry before and after bronchodilation were analysed.ResultsForced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) after bronchodilation was lower in cases than controls. FEV1 was pathological – under the 5th percentile of the national references – in 25% of cases and 12% of controls (p = 0.020) before bronchodilation and in 18% of cases and 5% of controls (p = 0.003) after bronchodilation. FEV1/FVC was pathological in 25% of cases and 13% of controls (p = 0.034) before bronchodilation. Logistic regression, adjusted for current asthma and maternal smoking, showed that infant bronchiolitis was associated with pathological FEV1 before (odds ratio 2.4) and after (odds ratio 4.4) bronchodilation. The result was similar for positive respiratory syncytial virus cases.ConclusionReduced FEV1 after bronchodilation was found in early adolescence after infant bronchiolitis, suggesting irreversible bronchial obstruction.
A Boxplot for Circular Data
Authors: Buttarazzi Davide , Pandolfo Giuseppe , Porzio Giovanni C. 
Published: May 2018

Summary
The box-and-whiskers plot is an extraordinary graphical tool that provides a quick visual summary of an observed distribution. In spite of its many extensions, a really suitable boxplot to display circular data is not yet available. Thanks to its simplicity and strong visual impact, such a tool would be especially useful in all fields where circular measures arise: biometrics, astronomy, environmetrics, Earth sciences, to cite just a few. For this reason, in line with Tukey's original idea, a Tukey-like circular boxplot is introduced. Several simulated and real datasets arising in biology are used to illustrate the proposed graphical tool.
Delivery and its complications among women of Somali, Kurdish, and Russian origin, and women in the general population in Finland
Authors: Bastola Kalpana , Koponen Päivikki , Härkänen Tommi , Luoto Riitta , Gissler Mika , Kinnunen Tarja I. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntroductionLimited information is available on delivery and its complications among migrant women in Finland. We compared mode of delivery, delivery complications, and use of pain medication during delivery between migrant women of Somali, Kurdish, and Russian origin and women in the general population in Finland.MethodsThe women were of Russian (n = 318), Somali (n = 583), and Kurdish (n = 373) origin and 243 women from the general population (reference group) who had given birth in Finland between 2004 and 2014. The data were obtained from the National Medical Birth Register and the Hospital Discharge Register. The most recent birth of each woman was included in the analyses. The main statistical methods were logistic regression analyses adjusting for age, parity, body mass index, gestational age, and smoking during pregnancy.ResultsVaginal delivery was the most common mode of delivery among all study groups (79%‐89%). The prevalence of any delivery complications varied between 15% and 19% among all study groups. When adjusted for confounders, Russian women had lower odds (OR 0.49; CI 0.29‐0.82) of having a cesarean delivery, whereas Somali and Kurdish women did not differ from the reference group. Somali women had an increased risk of any delivery complications (OR 1.62; CI 1.03‐2.55) compared with the reference group. No differences were observed in the use of pain medication between the groups.ConclusionDelivery complications were more common among migrant Somali women than among women in the general Finnish population. Somali women represent a high‐risk group calling for special attention and care.
Modulation of serine/threonine phosphatases by melatonin: therapeutic approaches in neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Arribas Raquel L , Romero Alejandro , Egea Javier , de los Ríos Cristóbal 
Published: May 2018

Melatonin is an endogenous hormone produced by the pineal gland as well as many other tissues and organs. The natural decline in melatonin levels with ageing contributes significantly to the development of neurodegenerative disorders. Neurodegenerative diseases share common mechanisms of toxicity such as proteinopathy, mitochondrial dysfunction, metal dyshomeostasis, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and an imbalance in the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation ratio. Several reports have proved the usefulness of melatonin in counteracting the events that lead to a neurodegenerative scenario. In this review, we have focused on the fact that melatonin could rectify the altered phosphorylation/dephosphorylation rate found in some neurodegenerative diseases by influencing the activity of phosphoprotein phosphatases. We analyse whether melatonin offers any protective activity towards these enzymes through a direct interaction.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Recent Developments in Research of Melatonin and its Potential Therapeutic Applications. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.16/issuetoc
Prevalence and risk indicators of pain‐related temporomandibular disorders among Indonesian children and adolescents
Authors: Marpaung Carolina , van Selms Maurits K.A. , Lobbezoo Frank 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the prevalence of pain‐related temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) among Indonesian children and adolescents, and to investigate which risk indicators are associated with it.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, 1,800 questionnaires were distributed among pupils of schools in the greater Jakarta area. This was done for 2 samples: children with ages ranging from 7 to 12 years (parental report) and adolescents aged 13‐18 years (self‐report).ResultsThe prevalence rates for pain‐related TMDs in Indonesian children and adolescents were 23.4% (95% CI = 20‐27) and 36.9% (95% CI = 33‐41), respectively. Regression models revealed that psychological factors and the presence of bodily pain were strongly associated with pain‐related TMDs in both children and adolescents, next to oral habits (in children), and sleep and awake bruxism (in adolescents). On the other hand, the socioeconomic status of parents was not associated with pain‐related TMDs in either sample.ConclusionsPain‐related TMDs are common among the young Indonesian population. These findings corroborate those from earlier studies of young populations, namely that bruxism and oral habits, bodily pain complaints, and psychological factors are risk indicators for pain‐related TMDs.
Assessment of vertebral microarchitecture in overt and mild Cushing's syndrome using trabecular bone score
Authors: Vinolas Helene , Grouthier Virginie , Mehsen‐Cetre Nadia , Boisson Amandine , Winzenrieth Renaud , Schaeverbeke Thierry , Mesguich Charles , Bordenave Laurence , Tabarin Antoine 
Published: May 2018

SummaryObjectiveOsteoporotic fractures associated with Cushing's syndrome (CS) may occur despite normal bone mineral density (BMD). Few studies have described alterations in vertebral microarchitecture in glucocorticoid‐treated patients and during CS. Trabecular bone score (TBS) estimates trabecular microarchitecture from dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry acquisitions. Our aim was to compare vertebral BMD and TBS in patients with overt CS and mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACE), and following cure of overt CS.SettingUniversity Hospital.DesignMonocentric retrospective cross‐sectional and longitudinal studies of consecutive patients.PatientsA total of 110 patients were studied: 53 patients had CS (35, 11 and 7 patients with Cushing's disease, bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia and ectopic ACTH secretion respectively); 39 patients had MACE (10 patients with a late post‐operative recurrence of Cushing's disease and 29 patients with adrenal incidentalomas); 18 patients with non‐secreting adrenal incidentalomas. 14 patients with overt CS were followed for up to 2 years after cure.ResultsVertebral osteoporosis at BMD and degraded microarchitecture at TBS were found in 24% and 43% of patients with CS, respectively (P < .03). As compared to patients with nonsecreting incidentalomas, patients with MACE had significantly decreased TBS (P < .04) but not BMD. Overt fragility fractures tended to be associated with low TBS (P = .07) but not with low BMD. TBS, but not BMD values, decreased with the intensity of hypercortisolism independently of its aetiology (P < .01). Following remission of CS, TBS improved more markedly and rapidly than BMD (10% vs 3%, respectively; P < .02).ConclusionTrabecular bone score may be a promising, noninvasive, widely available and inexpensive complementary tool for the routine assessment of the impact of CS and MACE on bone in clinical practice.