bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival and fertility of bitches undergoing caesarean section
Authors: Conze Theresa , Jurczak Andrzej , Fux Vanessa , Socha Piotr , Wehrend Axel , Janowski Tomasz 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundWith the increasing popularity of planned caesarean section, the need for knowledge regarding this surgery has become increasingly important. The reported death and survival rates for caesarean sections vary widely. Another important aspect is the fertility rate in subsequent oestrous after caesarean section. The aim of this study was to investigate the mortality and survival rate of bitches during caesarean section. Additionally, the fertility of bitches after caesarean sections was determined.MethodsCaesarean sections which were performed in the years 1997–2009 at two university clinics were evaluated retrospectively. A distinction was made between bitches in which a conservative caesarean section was performed and bitches with a caesarean section followed by an ovariohysterectomy.ResultsA total of 482 caesarean sections were included in the study. The overall mortality rate was 3.11 per cent, with 2.59 per cent during or after a conservative caesarean section and 4.19 per cent during or after caesarean section with ovariohysterectomy. The reason for ovariohysterectomy was the owner's preference in 63 bitches (47.01 per cent); in 71 (52.98 per cent) bitches, ovariohysterectomy was performed due to a medical indication. The fertility rate after caesarean section was 100 per cent.ConclusionThe results show a high mortality rate during and after caesarean section. On the other hand, caesarean section does not seem to have a big impact on further fertility. Further studies are needed to investigate possible reduction of litter sizes and the suitability of caesarean section in subsequent pregnancies.
Treatment of clinical Brachyspira hyodysenteriae with zinc chelate in pigs: a blinded, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Lammers Gerwen , van Berkel Robbert , Roijackers Daisy , Vulders Carly , Brouwer‐Middelesch Henriëtte , van Hout Jobke 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundBrachyspira hyodysenteriae infection in pigs (‘swine dysentery’) leads to decreased feed conversion, growth losses and mortality. Current countermeasures have the downside of antibiotic resistance (antibiotics) and ecotoxicity (zinc oxide). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a novel zinc chelate (Intra Dysovinol (ID)) on clinical signs of swine dysentery and shedding of B hyodysenteriae under field conditions.MethodsIn a randomised, double‐blinded, controlled trial under Good Clinical Practice on two commercial farms, 58 B hyodysenteriae positive pigs from 16 pens received drinking water containing ID, or placebo, during six consecutive days. Faecal quality (consistency, colour, additions) was scored and faeces were analysed for presence of B hyodysenteriae by PCR. ID treatment positively affected faecal quality (consistency) and daily growth rates.ResultsAt the last treatment day, B hyodysenteriae was not detectable in the faeces of any of the ID‐treated animals, while all placebo animals remained B hyodysenteriae positive by PCR. All ID‐treated animals recovered, while 5 placebo‐treated animals died and 12 placebo pigs required additional treatment before the end of the study (up to 14 days after treatment start).ConclusionThis non‐antibiotic treatment stopped the clinical signs and shedding of B hyodysenteriae in naturally infected pigs.
The FGL2 prothrombinase contributes to the pathological process of experimental pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Fan Cheng , Wang Jue , Mao Chaoqin , Li Wenzhu , Liu Kun , Wang Zhaohui 
Published: October 2019

In situ thrombus formation is one of the major pathological features of pulmonary hypertension (PH). The mechanism of in situ thrombosis has not been clearly identified. Fibrinogen-like protein 2 (FGL2) prothrombinase is an immune coagulant that can cleave prothrombin to thrombin, which then converts fibrinogen into fibrin. This mechanism triggers in situ thrombus formation directly, bypassing both the intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways. FGL2 prothrombinase is mainly expressed in endothelial cells and mediates multiple pathological processes. This implies that it may also play a role in PH. In this study, we examined the expression of FGL2 in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) patients, and in monocrotaline-induced rat and hypoxia-induced mouse PH models. Fgl2−/− mice were used to evaluate the development of PH and explore associated pathological changes. These included in situ thrombosis, vascular remodeling, and endothelial apoptosis. Following these analyses, we examined possible signaling pathways downstream of FGL2 in PH. We show FGL2 is upregulated in pulmonary vascular endothelium in human IPAH and in two animal PH models. Genetic knockout of Fgl2 limited the development of PH, indicated by decreased in situ thrombus formation, less vascular remodeling, and reduced endothelial dysfunction. In addition, loss of FGL2 downregulated PAR1 (proteinase-activated receptor 1) expression and decreased the overactivation and consumption of platelets in hypoxia-induced PH. These results indicate FGL2 participate in the development of PH and loss of FGL2 could attenuate PH by reducing in situ thrombosis and suppressing PAR1 signaling. Thus we provide evidence that suggests FGL2 prothrombinase presents a potential therapeutic target for clinical treatment of PH. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to demonstrate that fibrinogen-like protein 2 (FGL2) participates in the pathological progression of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in human idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension, a monocrotaline rat PH model, and a hypoxia mouse PH model. Genetic knockout of Fgl2 significantly limited the development of PH indicated by reduced in situ thrombosis, vascular remodeling, and endothelial dysfunction, and suppressed PAR1 (proteinase-activated receptor 1) signaling and overactivation of platelets on PH. These results suggest FGL2 presents a potential therapeutic target for clinical treatment of PH.
Increased physical activity does not improve obesity-induced decreases in muscle quality in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Seebacher Frank , James Rob S. 
Published: October 2019

Obesity has a negative effect on muscle contractile function, and the effects of obesity are not reversed by weight loss. It is therefore important to determine how muscle function can be restored, and exercise is the most promising approach. We tested the hypothesis (in zebrafish, Danio rerio) that moderate aerobic exercise (forced swimming for 30 min/day, raising metabolic rates to at least twice resting levels) will alleviate the negative effects of obesity on muscle function. We allocated zebrafish randomly to experimental treatments in a fully factorial design with diet treatment [three levels: lean control, diet-induced obese, obese followed by weight loss (obese-lean)], and exercise (exercise and sedentary control) as independent factors. Treatments were conducted for 10 wk, and we measured locomotor performance, isolated muscle mechanics, and myosin heavy chain composition. Obesity led to decreased muscle force production per unit area ( P = 0.01), and slowed muscle contraction ( P = 0.004) and relaxation rates ( P = 0.02). These effects were not reversible by weight loss or exercise. However, at the level implemented in our experimental animals, neither diet nor exercise affected swimming performance or myosin heavy chain concentrations. The moderate levels of exercise we implemented therefore are not sufficient to reverse the effects of obesity on muscle function, and higher intensity or a combination of modes of exercise may be necessary to improve muscle quality during obesity and following weight loss. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Obesity can have a negative effect on muscle function and thereby compromise mobility. Even though aerobic exercise has many physiological benefits in obese and normal-weight individuals, we show that in zebrafish aerobic exercise does not improve obesity-induced reductions in muscle contractile function. A combination between different modes of exercise may be more effective than aerobic exercise alone.
Zebrafish MITF-Low Melanoma Subtype Models Reveal Transcriptional Subclusters and MITF-Independent Residual Disease
Authors: Travnickova Jana , Wojciechowska Sonia , Khamseh Ava , Gautier Philippe , Brown Daniel V. , Lefevre Thomas , Brombin Alessandro , Ewing Ailith , Capper Amy , Spitzer Michaela , Dilshat Ramile , Semple Colin A. , Mathers Marie E. , Lister James A. , Steingrimsson Eiríkur , Voet Thierry , Ponting Chris P. , Patton E. Elizabeth 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

The melanocyte-inducing transcription factor (MITF)–low melanoma transcriptional signature is predictive of poor outcomes for patients, but little is known about its biological significance, and animal models are lacking. Here, we used zebrafish genetic models with low activity of Mitfa (MITF-low) and established that the MITF-low state is causal of melanoma progression and a predictor of melanoma biological subtype. MITF-low zebrafish melanomas resembled human MITF-low melanomas and were enriched for stem and invasive (mesenchymal) gene signatures. MITF-low activity coupled with a p53 mutation was sufficient to promote superficial growth melanomas, whereas BRAFV600E accelerated MITF-low melanoma onset and further promoted the development of MITF-high nodular growth melanomas. Genetic inhibition of MITF activity led to rapid regression; recurrence occurred following reactivation of MITF. At the regression site, there was minimal residual disease that was resistant to loss of MITF activity (termed MITF-independent cells) with very low-to-no MITF activity or protein. Transcriptomic analysis of MITF-independent residual disease showed enrichment of mesenchymal and neural crest stem cell signatures similar to human therapy-resistant melanomas. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed MITF-independent residual disease was heterogeneous depending on melanoma subtype. Further, there was a shared subpopulation of residual disease cells that was enriched for a neural crest G0-like state that preexisted in the primary tumor and remained present in recurring melanomas. These findings suggest that invasive and stem-like programs coupled with cellular heterogeneity contribute to poor outcomes for MITF-low melanoma patients and that MITF-independent subpopulations are an important therapeutic target to achieve long-term survival outcomes.

Significance:
This study provides a useful model for MITF-low melanomas and MITF-independent cell populations that can be used to study the mechanisms that drive these tumors as well as identify potential therapeutic options.
Molecular Imaging of Extracellular Tumor pH to Reveal Effects of Locoregional Therapy on Liver Cancer Microenvironment
Authors: Savic Lynn Jeanette , Schobert Isabel Theresa , Peters Dana , Walsh John J. , Laage-Gaupp Fabian Max , Hamm Charlie Alexander , Tritz Nina , Doemel Luzie A. , Lin MingDe , Sinusas Albert , Schlachter Todd , Duncan James S. , Hyder Fahmeed , Coman Daniel , Chapiro Julius 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
To establish magnetic resonance (MR)–based molecular imaging paradigms for the noninvasive monitoring of extracellular pH (pHe) as a functional surrogate biomarker for metabolic changes induced by locoregional therapy of liver cancer.

Experimental Design:
Thirty-two VX2 tumor-bearing New Zealand white rabbits underwent longitudinal imaging on clinical 3T-MRI and CT scanners before and up to 2 weeks after complete conventional transarterial chemoembolization (cTACE) using ethiodized oil (lipiodol) and doxorubicin. MR-spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) was employed for pHe mapping. Multiparametric MRI and CT were performed to quantify tumor enhancement, diffusion, and lipiodol coverage of the tumor posttherapy. In addition, incomplete cTACE with reduced chemoembolic doses was applied to mimic undertreatment and exploit pHe mapping to detect viable tumor residuals. Imaging findings were correlated with histopathologic markers indicative of metabolic state (HIF-1α, GLUT-1, and LAMP-2) and viability (proliferating cell nuclear antigen and terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase dUTP nick-end labeling).

Results:
Untreated VX2 tumors demonstrated a significantly lower pHe (6.80 ± 0.09) than liver parenchyma (7.19 ± 0.03, P &lt; 0.001). Upregulation of HIF-1α, GLUT-1, and LAMP-2 confirmed a hyperglycolytic tumor phenotype and acidosis. A gradual tumor pHe increase toward normalization similar to parenchyma was revealed within 2 weeks after complete cTACE, which correlated with decreasing detectability of metabolic markers. In contrast, pHe mapping after incomplete cTACE indicated both acidic viable residuals and increased tumor pHe of treated regions. Multimodal imaging revealed durable tumor devascularization immediately after complete cTACE, gradually increasing necrosis, and sustained lipiodol coverage of the tumor.

Conclusions:
MRSI-based pHe mapping can serve as a longitudinal monitoring tool for viable tumors. As most liver tumors are hyperglycolytic creating microenvironmental acidosis, therapy-induced normalization of tumor pHe may be used as a functional biomarker for positive therapeutic outcome.
O fim da arte, o contemporâneo, o começo do arquivo
Authors: Giorgi Artur De Vargas 
Published: October 2019

Este artigo parte de uma articulação dos debates teóricos a respeito do fim da arte, do contemporâneo e do arquivo para apontar, brevemente, como em algumas experiências da arte a força propositiva dessas questões pode ser lida, ainda que de maneira cifrada. Salientamos a prevalência de tais experiências para uma releitura crítica e criativa da história. Desse modo, a arte se apresenta não como reprodução ou representação da história, mas como sua produção ou apresentação diferida.
A razão do ritmo
Authors: Huchet Stéphane 
Published: October 2019

As relações entre a arte e a filosofia mostraram-se estreitas desde o momento em que o conceitualismo introduziu a lógica da série nos seus processos. A partir da leitura cruzada entre alguns pensamentos filosóficos de vários horizontes e a obra de artistas dos anos 1970 (Mel Bochner, Robert Smithson), este artigo sugere analogias metodológicas entre construção da proposição artística e construção da proposição filosófica, o que chamamos de “razão do ritmo”. Excertos surpreendentes do “sistema das ideias cosmológicas” e da “arquitetura da razão”, em Kant, ou das famosas “séries” de Lógica do sentido, publicado em 1969 por Gilles Deleuze, permitem problematizar as convergências processuais características de uma fase histórica em que certos artistas procuraram agenciar forças enunciativas parecidas com as do conceito.
Andy Warhol e o cinema como máquina da verdade
Authors: Nogueira Calac 
Published: October 2019

Em 1963, no momento em que vivia o auge de sua carreira como artista pop, Andy Warhol passou a realizar também filmes, produzindo-os em ritmo constante até 1968. Este artigo investiga as relações entre pintura e cinema na prática artística de Warhol. Propõe-se uma leitura da obra do artista com base nas noções de aparência, artifício e performance. Em seguida, veremos como essas questões são recolocadas pelos filmes, ao serem confrontadas com qualidades específicas do meio cinematográfico, como o realismo, o movimento e o tempo.
Pode a foto capturar o gesto?
Authors: Abrahão Fernanda Birolli 
Published: October 2019

Este artigo reflete sobre a possibilidade da fotografia apreender o gesto, tal como tomado por Jean Galard no texto “A beleza do gesto: uma estética das condutas”. A pergunta parte do argumento de que um ato só pode tornar-se gesto quando observado − e, se assim for, poderia a câmera tomar a função de observador e fotografá-lo como gesto? Para pensar a fotografia, adota-se como base o ensaio “A câmara clara: notas sobre fotografia”, de Roland Barthes, além de outros autores que integram a discussão. Ao final, é analisada uma fotografia da coleção Francisco Rodrigues sob a luz da pergunta “pode a foto capturar o gesto?”.
What We Learned from Mediated Embodiment Experiments and Why It Should Matter to Policymakers
Authors: Aymerich-Franch Laura , Fosch-Villaronga Eduard 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
When people embody a virtual or a robotic avatar, their sense of self extends to the body of that avatar. We argue that, as a consequence, if the avatar gets harmed, the person embodied in that avatar suffers the harm in the first person. Potential scenarios involving physical or psychological harm caused to avatars gives rise to legal, moral, and policy implications that need to be considered by policymakers. We maintain that the prevailing distinction in law between “property” and “person” categories compromises the legal protection of the embodied users. We advocate for the inclusion of robotic and virtual avatars in a double category, property–person, as the property and the person mingle in one: the avatar. This hybrid category is critical to protecting users of mediated embodiment experiences both from potential physical or psychological harm and property damage.
An Investigation of the Effects of Driver Age When Using Novel Navigation Systems in a Head-Up Display
Authors: Pampel Sanna M. , Lamb Katherine , Burnett Gary , Skrypchuk Lee , Hare Chrisminder , Mouzakitis Alex 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Although drivers gain experience with age, many older drivers are faced with age-related deteriorations that can lead to a higher crash risk. Head-Up Displays (HUDs) have been linked to significant improvements in driving performance for older drivers by tackling issues related to aging. For this study, two Augmented Reality (AR) HUD virtual car navigation solutions were tested (one screen-fixed, one world-fixed), aiming to improve navigation performance and reduce the discrepancy between younger and older drivers by aiding the appropriate allocation of attention and easing interpretation of navigational information. Twenty-five participants (12 younger, 13 older) undertook a series of drives within a medium-fidelity simulator with three different navigational conditions (virtual car HUD, static HUD arrow graphic, and traditional head-down satnav). Results showed that older drivers tended to achieve navigational success rates similar to the younger group, but experienced higher objective mental workload. Solely for the static HUD arrow graphic, differences in most workload questionnaire items and objective workload between younger and older participants were not significant. The virtual car led to improved navigation performance of all drivers, compared to the other systems. Hence, both AR HUD systems show potential for older drivers, which needs to be further investigated in a real-world driving context.
Making the Visual Tangible: Substituting Lifting Speed Limits for Object Weight in VR
Authors: Weser Veronica , Proffitt Dennis R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We developed a novel interaction technique that allows virtual reality (VR) users to experience “weight” when hefting virtual, weightless objects. With this technique the perception of weight is evoked via constraints on the speed with which objects can be lifted. When hefted, heavier virtual objects move slower than lighter virtual objects. If lifters move faster than the lifted object, the object will fall. This constraint causes lifters to move slowly when lifting heavy objects. In two studies we showed that the size-weight illusion (SWI) is evoked when this technique is employed. The SWI occurs when two items of identical weight and different size are lifted and the smaller item is perceived as heavier than the larger item. The persistence of this illusion in VR indicates that participants bring their real-world knowledge of the relationship between size and weight to their virtual experience, and suggests that our interaction technique succeeds in making the visible tangible.
Fostering User Acceptance and Trust in Fully Automated Vehicles: Evaluating the Potential of Augmented Reality
Authors: Wintersberger Philipp , Frison Anna-Katharina , Riener Andreas , Sawitzky Tamara von 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Lack of trust in or acceptance of technology are some of the fundamental problems that might prevent the dissemination of automated driving. Technological advances, such as augmented reality aids like full-sized windshield displays or AR contact lenses, could be of help to provide a better system understanding to the user. In this work, we picked up on the question of whether augmented reality assistance has the potential to increase user acceptance and trust by communicating system decisions (i.e., transparent system behavior). To prove our hypothesis, we conducted two driving simulator studies to investigate the benefit of scenario augmentation in fully automated driving—first in normal (N=26) and then in rearward viewing (N=18) direction. Quantitative results indicate that the augmentation of traffic objects/participants otherwise invisible (e.g., due to dense fog), or the presentation of upcoming driving maneuvers while sitting backwards, is a feasible approach to increase user acceptance and trust. Results are further backed by qualitative findings from semistructured interviews and UX curves (a method to retrospectively report experience over time). We conclude that the application of augmented reality, in particular with the emergence of more powerful, lightweight, or integrated devices, is a good opportunity with high potential for automated driving.
The “Hyper-Presence” of Cultural Heritage in Shaping Collective Memory
Authors: Xiao Zhang , Deling Yang 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Virtual reality (VR) uses sensorial mimetics to construct collective memory in virtual space. The regeneration of high-definition cultural heritage symbols transforms memory into an immediate experience that is constantly being renewed, strengthens the relationship between cultural heritage and contemporary society, and continually affects the persistent renewal of cultural traditions. Hyper-presence is a networked state of cognitive psychology that lies in links, interactions, and exchanges; it is the result of networked social minds and distributed cognition. In the contemporary moment, cultural heritage takes on three types of progressively developed presence: simulated restoration presence, informationally reproduced presence, and symbolically regenerated presence. Symbolic regeneration belongs to the realm of hyper-presence. Building databases with data collected on cultural heritage is the foundation of building a cognitive agent. As a platform, VR becomes an efficient mode of information dissemination, forming an independent presence for cultural heritage through the reproduction of media and information. In a network society, informatized cultural heritage becomes a source for the production of new cultural symbols, and presence is created through the continuous regeneration and dissemination of symbols. Symbols and regenerated symbols combine to constitute the hyper-presence of informatized cultural heritage; people's understanding of cultural heritage therefore exists in an ever-changing state. Intelligences with presence on the network form a complete system, and VR creates comprehensive cognition for the system through high-definition virtuality. Formed in the coordination between intelligences, collective memory creates its hyper-presence today.