bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conceptualising corporate entrepreneurial strategy
Authors: Omotosho Sule Ishola , Anyigba Hod 
Published: March 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to conceptualize corporate entrepreneurial strategy using collaborative dynamics of contingency and agency theories, and to demonstrate how some constructs of these two theories are integrated to support long-term strategies of entrepreneurial firms in sustaining their competitive advantages and enhancing their performance.Design/methodology/approachReview of literature on strategic entrepreneurship, firm growth, contingency and agency theories were explored to support the conceptualized framework of the entrepreneurial strategy developed in this paper. The authors adopt a vignette approach to problematize theoretical gaps identified. The vignette was also used to embody the entrepreneurial strategy matrix developed.FindingsThis paper suggests that the effectiveness of corporate entrepreneurial strategies is influenced by the impacts of contingent environment and agency problem of goal conflicts. It provides some propositions for qualitative and empirical research that will extend the rigours of strategic entrepreneurship literature.Practical implicationsThis paper highlights the implications of understanding and adopting diverse competitive and sustenance strategies. It provides avenues for entrepreneurial firms to take cognizance and use of the contingency and agency approaches to influence their long-term strategic directions to stay competitive. Institutional authorities will also benefit from having a conceptual reference and guide to further improve their entrepreneurship policies.Originality/valueThe authors took three novel steps to address the existing gap in the literature. First, the theories of entrepreneurship, contingency and agency were bound together and unified as a single framework to conceptualize entrepreneurial strategy. Second, the identified gaps were embodied in a vignette to problematize the theoretical issues and lastly, some testable propositions were put forward to explain different forms of entrepreneurial strategy. The authors also developed a corporate entrepreneurial strategy matrix based on the Covin and Miles (1999) forms of corporate entrepreneurship. It forms the basis for the propositions.
Restructuring through spin-off: impact on shareholder wealth
Authors: Aggarwal Puja , Garg Sonia 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the impact of spin-off announcements on the parent firm’s share prices. Also, it is studied that during which period the announcement impacts the share prices significantly thereby affecting the shareholder wealth.

Design/methodology/approach
A sample of 76 Indian firms has been taken which announced the spin-off of their one or more divisions during 2010–2011 to 2015–2016. The authors have used the event study methodology with an event window period of −35 to +35. Estimation window of 256 (−290, −35) days is considered in the study. S&P BSE 500 is used as a market index.

Findings
The authors found that spin-offs have a significantly positive influence on the share prices of the parent firm. The authors also found that average abnormal return (AAR) of all the 76 companies taken together have been highest on day 0 and the cumulative AAR is highest for day +1. These results are in consonance with what had been concluded by Hite and Owers (1983), Cusatis et al. (1993), Miles and Rosenfeld (1983) and Rosenfeld (1984). All these studies are based on the data derived from the USA. Outcome of this study substantiates the same results when Indian spin-offs are analysed.

Originality/value
This paper provides the first comprehensive analysis of the impact of Indian spin-offs on the shareholder’s wealth.
Paediatric acute care: Highlights from the Paediatric Acute Care–Advanced Paediatric Life Support Conference, Hobart, 2018
Authors: Teo Stephen Sze Shing , Oakley Ed , Stanford Jane , Cichero Jane 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe Paediatric Acute Care Conference (PACC) is an annual conference organised by APLS Australia to advance paediatric acute care topics for clinicians in pre‐hospital medicine, EDs, acute paediatrics, intensive care and anaesthesia. The PACC 2018 was held in Hobart, Tasmania. We provide a summary of some of the presentations.
Criminal justice outcomes over 5 years after randomization to buprenorphine‐naloxone or methadone treatment for opioid use disorder
Authors: Evans Elizabeth A. , Zhu Yuhui , Yoo Caroline , Huang David , Hser Yih‐Ing 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimsTo compare long‐term criminal justice outcomes among opioid‐dependent individuals randomized to receive buprenorphine or methadone.Design, setting and participantsA 5‐year follow‐up was conducted in 2011–14 of 303 opioid‐dependent participants entering three opioid treatment programs in California, USA in 2006–09 and randomized to receive either buprenorphine/naloxone or methadone.Intervention and comparatorParticipants received buprenorphine/naloxone (BUP; n = 179) or methadone (MET; n = 124) for 24 weeks and then were tapered off their treatment over ≤ 8 weeks or referred for ongoing clinical treatment. Midway through the study, the randomization scheme was switched from 1 : 1 BUP : MET to 2 : 1 because of higher dropout in the BUP arm.MeasurementsStudy outcomes included arrests and self‐reported incarceration. Predictors included randomization condition (buprenorphine versus methadone), age, gender, race/ethnicity, use of cocaine, drug injection in the 30 days prior to baseline and study site. Treatment status (buprenorphine, methadone, none) during follow‐up was included as a time‐varying covariate.FindingsThere was no significant difference by randomization condition in the proportion arrested (buprenorphine: 55.3%, methadone: 54.0%) or incarcerated (40.9%, 47.3%) during follow‐up. Among methadone‐randomized individuals, arrest was less likely with methadone treatment (0.50, 0.35–0.72) during follow‐up (relative to no treatment) and switching to buprenorphine had a lower likelihood of arrest than those receiving no treatment (0.39, 0.18–0.87). Among buprenorphine‐randomized individuals, arrest was less likely with receipt of buprenorphine (0.49, 0.33–0.75) during follow‐up and switching to methadone had a similar likelihood of arrest as methadone‐randomized individuals receiving no treatment. Likelihood of arrest was also negatively associated with older age (0.98, 0.96–1.00); it was positively associated with Hispanic ethnicity (1.63, 1.04–2.56), cocaine use (2.00, 1.33–3.03), injection drug use (2.19, 1.26–3.83), and study site.ConclusionsIn a US sample of people treated for opioid use disorder, continued treatment with either buprenorphine or methadone was associated with a reduction in arrests relative to no treatment. Cocaine use, injection drug use, Hispanic ethnicity and younger age were associated with higher likelihood of arrest.
A new system of sperm cryopreservation: evaluation of survival, motility, DNA oxidation, and mitochondrial activity
Authors: Pabón D. , Meseguer M. , Sevillano G. , Cobo A. , Romero J. L. , Remohí J. , de los Santos M. J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundSperm vitrification (V) is a method for cryopreservation, without the use of conventional cryoprotectants, by plunging the sperm suspension directly into liquid nitrogen (LN25).ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the new system of V with conventional freezing (CF) protocol using fresh spermatozoa as reference (C).Material and methodsProspective cohort study. A total of 47 sperm samples from men attending the infertility clinic at Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad Valencia. The sperm V solution was 0.3 M trehalose–sucrose and plunged directly in liquid nitrogen in microdroplets of 5–10 lL, using a new system collector of V. Sperm viability indicators such as sperm motility, vitality rates, mitochondrial function, and sperm DNA oxidation were assessed before and after cryopreservation. Sperm motility and vitality analysis were performed according to published guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO, 2010). Mitochondrial function was evaluated using JC‐1 (fluorescent cationic dye, 5,50,6,60‐tetrachloro‐1‐10,3,30‐tetraethyl‐benzamidazolocarbocyanin iodide). Sperm DNA oxidation was determined using a fluorescent assay (Oxy‐DNA test) for the detection of 8‐oxoguanine. The evaluation was carried out before and after cryopreservation using flow cytometry. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and chi‐square test, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Result(s)Sperm parameters, including progressive motility, total motility, and viability, observed after cryopreservation were as follows: C = 74.9% [1] 12.3, CF = 27.2% [1] 8.4, V = 42.3% [1] 9.3, p < 0.001; C = 90.1 [1] 6.8, CF = 42.0 [1] 12.9, V = 61.4 [1] 11.8, p < 0.001; C = 90.0% [1] 7.4, CF = 42.5% [1] 14.6, V = 70.9% [1] 6.5, p < 0.001, respectively. Regarding Oxy‐DNA and mitochondrial activity, they were significantly affected in both groups (V and CF) when compared to the control group.DiscussionThe sperm V and CF have negative impact on sperm parameters as well as DNA integrity and mitochondrial activity. However, sperm V presented improved sperm motility recovery, similar levels of DNA oxidation, and, moreover, a slightly increase in mitochondrial activity when compared to the conventional method.Conclusion(s)V as an optimal protocol for sperm cryopreservation.
Zirconia compared to titanium dental implants in preclinical studies—A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Roehling Stefan , Schlegel Karl A. , Woelfler Henriette , Gahlert Michael 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate whether zirconia implants demonstrate differences in hard and soft tissue integration compared to titanium implants in preclinical studies.Material and MethodsIn March 2017, electronic (MEDLINE, EMBASE) and hand search was performed to identify preclinical studies comparing zirconia and titanium implants. Primary outcomes were bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC) and removal torque out (RTQ), respectively, push‐in (PI) measurements. Secondary outcomes included biologic width (BW) dimensions.ResultsA total of 37 studies were included for data extraction after screening of 91 from 1,231 selected titles. Thirty‐seven experimental studies using six different species were identified. The follow‐up periods ranged between 0.4 and 56 weeks. For titanium, mean values of 59.1% (95% CI: 53.3 – 64.8), 102.6 Ncm (95% CI: 81.5 – 123.6), and 25.1 N (95% CI: 20.2 – 30.0) for BIC, RTQ, and PI were estimated, respectively. The mean values for zirconia were 55.9% (95% CI: 51.6 – 60.1), 71.5 Ncm (95% CI: 51.1 – 91.9), and 22.0 N (95% CI: 13.2 – 30.7) for corresponding parameters. Confounding factors such as animal species, implant material, loading protocol, and study or loading duration significantly influenced the outcomes. Similar qualitative soft tissue integration was reported for zirconia and titanium implants. However, faster maturation processes of epithelial and connective tissues around zirconia implants were assumed. Quantitatively, similar BW dimensions were evaluated for titanium (3.5 mm; 95% CI: 2.9 – 4.2) and zirconia (3.2 mm; 95% CI: 2.7 – 3.7), whereas the loading protocol significantly influenced the outcomes.ConclusionsZirconia and titanium implants demonstrate a similar soft and hard tissue integration capacity. However, titanium tended to show a faster initial osseointegration process compared to zirconia. Importantly, not only material characteristics but predominantly animal species and study protocols can significantly influence the outcomes.
Single versus bilateral lung transplantation for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Wei Dong , Gao Fei , Wu Bo , Zhou Min , Zhang Ji , Yang Hang , Liu Dong , Fan Li , Chen Jingyu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundLung transplantation, either single or bilateral, serves as the only effective treatment for end‐stage idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), but their superiority is still being debated, and its application in Chinese patients has not been data analysed.MethodsWe reviewed 109 IPF patients who received lung transplantation at our centre between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2017. The patients were divided into single lung transplantation (SLT) group and bilateral lung transplantation (BLT) group. We compared the two groups’ demographic characteristics and clinical indexes (intraoperative conditions, postoperative complications, follow‐ups and life qualities).ResultsPatients in BLT group were significantly younger than those in SLT group (P < 0.001), and had more pretransplant infections (P = 0.007). The total ischemic time (P < 0.001) was shorter and intraoperative blood loss was less (P = 0.001) in SLT group. No significant difference was found in the proportion of patients in using anti‐fibrosis drugs, pulmonary artery pressure, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation during the surgery; the length of intensive care unit stay; the incidence of complication; and the overall survival rate between two groups. However, the hierarchical analysis found that patients aged > 60 years showed a better survival in SLT group (P = 0.008). Both groups got normal MOS 36‐item Short Form (SF‐36) scores, and the scores of BLT were higher than those of SLT. The BLT group had better lung function than SLT group 1 year post‐lung transplantation.ConclusionsBoth SLT and BLT are effective and SLT is more favourable for the patients of > 60 years.
The transmission of business cycles: Lessons from the 2004 enlargement of the EU and the adoption of the euro
Authors: Nguyen Hoang Sang , Rondeau Fabien 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper evaluates the macroeconomic interdependencies of seven Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) with the Euro Area (EA) through trade relationship. We estimate a near‐VAR model and simulate the responses of activity in those CEECs to output shocks for 12 former members of the EA before and after the 2004 enlargement of the European Union. During both periods, empirical results show that spillover effects come through the main economies of the EA: Germany, France and Italy. Furthermore, CEECs were more responsive to output shocks in the EA after 2004 than before (3.3 times more on average). Increases in spillover effects are larger for the three CEECs that adopted the Euro early (Slovenia, Slovakia and Estonia) than the other CEECs but without higher trade intensity with the EA. Our results show that trade effects are positive inside the same currency area but negative for the CEECs without the euro.
President’s Message
Authors: Watson Robyn 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis is the last Editorial for me as President of IFDH. It has been an unforgettable time during the last 6 years on the Board and I am very grateful for all the support from colleagues around the world and from my Executive team. Corrie Jongbloed, our President Elect from the Netherlands will be assuming the role and I wish her the very best in her future endeavour.
Usual dietary anthocyanin intake, sources and their association with blood pressure in a representative sample of Australian adults
Authors: Igwe E. O. , Charlton K. E. , Probst Y. C. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundAnthocyanins represent an important subgroup of non‐nutritive components of food as evidence continues to build related to their beneficial bioactive effects. Using a recently developed Australian anthocyanin database, the present study aimed to estimate the intake of both total anthocyanins and their subclasses, identify food sources of anthocyanins, and determine associations between anthocyanin intake and measured blood pressure (BP).MethodsThe present study comprised a secondary analysis of the 2011–12 National Nutrition and Physical Activity component of the Australian Health Survey. Anthocyanin intake was estimated using an Australian anthocyanin database. Usual anthocyanin intake, as estimated from 24‐h diet recall data, was computed using multiple source methods, whereas food sources were determined by calculating contribution of food groups to total anthocyanin intake. Regression analysis, adjusted for covariates (age, gender, body mass index, high BP diagnosis, smoking status and physical activity) assessed the relationship between anthocyanin intake and BP in adults aged ≥50 years.ResultsMean anthocyanin intake was 24.17 ± 0.32 mg day−1. Across age groups, berries were the top sources: blackberry (5–65%), cherry (2–24%), blueberry (2–13%) and raspberry (3–12%). There was a significant inverse association between anthocyanin intake and systolic BP (β = −0.04, F = 16.8, d.f. = 6, r2 = 0.05, P < 0.01) and diastolic BP (β = 0.01, F = 5.35, d.f. = 6, R2 = 0.013, P < 0.01), in models that adjusted for covariates.ConclusionsIn comparison with the world composite database, anthocyanin intake in the Australian population was above average [mean (SD): 24.17 (0.32) mg day−1 versus 18.05 (21.14) mg day−1]. Berries were the primary source of anthocyanins. Anthocyanin intake in older adults aged ≥50 years was inversely associated with BP.
Glucose supplementation effect on the acidogenicity, viability, and extracellular matrix of Candida single‐ and dual‐species biofilms
Authors: Bezerra Natanael V. F. , Brito Arella C. M. , de Medeiros Mariana M. D. , de França Leite Karla L. , Bezerra Isis M. , de Almeida Leopoldina F. D. , Aires Carolina P. , Cavalcanti Yuri W. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimEvidence of glucose supplementation effect on Candida biofilm metabolism has not been demonstrated. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of glucose concentration on Candida biofilms.MethodsSingle‐ and dual‐species biofilms of Candida were grown on saliva‐coated poly(methyl‐methacrylate) disks for 72 hours. Biofilms (N = 8/group) were exposed to the following concentrations of glucose: 100 mmol/L (G100), 300 mmol/L (G300), and no glucose (G0: control). Biofilms were collected to determine the acidogenicity, viability, amount of soluble and insoluble extracellular polysaccharides (IEPS), and surface roughness. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Tukey's tests (α < 0.05).ResultsSingle‐ and dual‐species biofilms from G300 were more acidogenic at 48 and 72 hours compared to G100 and G0 (P < 0.05). The viability of the G100 and G300 groups did not differ (P > 0.05), but differed statistically from G0. The amount of IEPS in the G300 group was statistically higher than the G0 and G100 groups (P < 0.05). The G300 group also presented a higher IEPS proportion per number of viable cells compared to others. G300 presented greater surface roughness for both single‐ (mean roughness = 1460 μm) and dual‐species (mean roughness = 1990 μm) biofilms.ConclusionsHigher glucose concentration (300 mmol/L) during biofilm development favors the growth of single‐ and dual‐species biofilms of Candida.
Exploring the molecular basis of heterosis for plant breeding
Authors: Liu Jie , Li Mengjie , Zhang Qi , Wei Xin , Huang Xuehui 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSince approximate a century ago, many hybrid crops have been continually developed by crossing two inbred varieties. Owing to heterosis (hybrid vigor) in plants, these hybrids often have superior agricultural performances in yield or disease resistance succeeding their inbred parental lines. Several classical hypotheses have been proposed to explain the genetic causes of heterosis. During recent years, many new genetics and genomics strategies have been developed and used for the identifications of heterotic genes in plants. Heterotic effects of the heterotic loci and molecular functions of the heterotic genes are being investigated in many plants such as rice, maize, sorghum, Arabidopsis and tomato. More and more data and knowledge coming from the molecular studies of heterotic loci and genes will serve as a valuable resource for hybrid breeding by molecular design in future. This review aims to address recent advances in our understanding of the genetic and molecular mechanisms of heterosis in plants. The remaining scientific questions on the molecular basis of heterosis and the potential applications in breeding are also proposed and discussed.
Behavioural and emotional problems among school children in Pakistan: A telephonic survey for prevalence and risk factors
Authors: Malik Tamkeen A , Siddiqui Salma , Mahmood Ayeshah 
Published: March 2019

AimEscalating rates of childhood mental health disorders constitute a serious issue for countries like Pakistan. However, due to a scarce number of studies on childhood behavioural problems, understanding the magnitude and gap of the problem is a challenge. Thus, the present study is intended to bridge this gap. This study provides estimates for prevalence, associated demographic risk factors and the impact of behavioural and emotional problems among school children.MethodsA sample of children (n = 800) from public schools of Islamabad were selected using two‐stage cluster random sampling. Data were collected from parents through telephonic interviews using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.ResultsPrevalence of overall behaviour problems accounted for 15.9%. For conduct problems, estimates were around 26.6%, for emotional problems 22.5%, for peer problems 13%, for hyperactivity 10.6% and for social problems 3% in the initial analysis. Mother's education also appeared to be a significant predictor for mental health problems of youth, where low maternal education was associated with high prevalence and higher impact of emotional and behavioural problems in the present sample.ConclusionsPrevalence estimates of the current study call for attention towards improving mental health services and access to children who are at risk or are having mental health problems. In the context of scarcity of the data from countries like Pakistan, the findings should be considered a call for mental health service providers, researchers and policymakers to scale up mental health services for youth in Pakistan.
Efficacy of orally administered sodium benzoate and sodium phenylbutyrate in dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts
Authors: van Straten Giora , van Dalen Diewke , Mesu Sietske J. , Rothuizen Jan , Teske Erik , Spee Bart , Favier Robert P. , van Geijlswijk Ingeborg M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundHyperammonemia can result in hepatic encephalopathy, which in severe cases eventually can lead to coma and death. In dogs, congenital portosystemic shunts (CPSS) are the most common cause for hyperammonemia. Conservative treatment consists of a protein modified diet, nonabsorbable disaccharides, antibiotics, or some combinations of these. Sodium benzoate (SB) and sodium phenylbutyrate (SPB) both are used in the acute and long‐term treatment of humans with hyperammonemia caused by urea cycle enzyme deficiencies. Both treatments are believed to lower blood ammonia concentrations by promoting excretion of excess nitrogen via alternative pathways.ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of PO treatment with SB and SPB on hyperammonemia and clinical signs in CPSS dogs.MethodsRandomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled crossover trial. Concentrations of blood ammonia and bile acids were measured in CPSS dogs before and after a 5‐day treatment with SB, SPB, and placebo. A wash‐out period of 3 days was used between treatments. A standard questionnaire was developed and distributed to owners to evaluate clinical signs before and after each treatment.ResultsBlood ammonia concentrations were not influenced by any of the treatments and were comparable to those observed during placebo treatment. In addition, SB and SPB treatment did not result in improvement of clinical signs. Adverse effects during treatment included anorexia, vomiting, and lethargy.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceBased on our results, we conclude that SB or SPB are not useful in the conservative treatment of hyperammonemia in dogs with CPSS.