bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A dual-band reflective polarizer based meta-surface with higher angular stability for C and X-band applications
Authors: Madheswaran Saranya , Venkatesan Rajeshkumar 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA reflective dual-band linear-to-circular polarizer for C and X-band application is presented. The proposed elliptical Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) is capable of enhancing the polarization control and minimizes the cross-polarization compared to traditional circular or square geometries. The linear-to-circular polarization is achieved through two elliptical apertures, where each shape generates orthogonal modes with a 90° phase shift. The inner element targets higher frequencies while the outer element handles lower frequencies, enabling efficient polarization conversion across both bands. The proposed unit cell comprises 14 mm × 14 mm and is fabricated on Rogers RT5880 substrate. It exhibits a reflective polarizer at a center frequency of 7.70 GHz with a bandwidth of (7.64–7.76 GHz) and other at 9.42 GHz with a bandwidth of (9.27–9.57 GHz), respectively. In the proposed FSS, the 7.70 GHz exhibits LH-CP, and RH-CP conversion is provided at 9.42 GHz. In addition, an axial ratio of the FSS of (< 3 dB) demonstrated a circular polarization with a polarization conversion ratio (PCR) of 99.9%. In addition, an equivalent circuit model (ECM) of a reflective polarizer has been verified. Furthermore, angular stability of the FSS can be achieved at various incident angles at 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90°. The polarization conversion operates in frequency bands of C-/X, suitable for wireless systems, radar systems, electromagnetic shielding, and satellite communications.
Modulating radiative efficiency in ortho-carboranyl luminophores through electron-donating substituents: insights from intramolecular-charge-transfer-based emissions
Authors: Kim Soyeon , You Dong Kyun , Kim Namkyun , Shin Ilsup , Kim Dongwook , Lee Kang Mun 
Published: November 2024

Six ortho-carboranyl compounds were prepared based on 9H-fluorene, each with a different electron-donating ability. Their crystalline-state emission revealed that the radiative efficiency are significantly influenced by electron-donating properties.
A green and efficient strategy to utilize spent SCR catalyst carriers: in situ remediation of Cu@TiO2 for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Ma Ling , Chen Bingzhang , Zhang Yubo , Wong Kai Hong , Zhao Wei , Wang Chunxia , Huang Guoyong , Xu Shengming 
Published: November 2024

A short process for in situ remediation of TiO2 carriers in spent SCR catalysts was developed to fabricate highly active copper-doped photocatalysts (CR-TiO2) for photocatalytic hydrogen production in an economical and environment friendly way.
Alveolar Echinococcosis – Diagnostic challenges of a parasitic disease on the rise in Europe – a case report
Authors: Schumacher Jonas , Trawinski Henning , Tautenhahn Hans-Michael , Bläker Hendrik , Wiegand Johannes 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA 45-year-old male presented with jaundice, abdominal discomfort, and weight loss. Abdominal ultrasound revealed intrahepatic cholestasis and cholelithiasis indicative of Caroli-syndrome. Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a corresponding 5 × 4 cm polycyclic, calcified mass and a distant 12 mm subhilar stenosis of the common bile duct resembling cholangiocarcinoma. Calcifications seemed unusual and brought up differential diagnosis of echinococcosis. Serology revealed an echinococcus antibody-titer of 33 U (cut-off > 11.5 U). However, the clinical presentation with jaundice, weight loss, and a distant subhilar stenosis of the common bile duct without association to the intrahepatic process led to underestimation of the positive antibody-titer. Thus, the patient underwent right hemihepatectomy for potential cholangiocarcinoma. Dense infiltrative small cysts interspersed the resected right lobe of the liver. Histopathology revealed a granulomatous inflammation surrounding typical cuticulas, confirming hepatobiliary alveolar echinococcosis. Alveolar echinococcosis is considered as one of the neglected diseases by the World Health Organization, although incidence is rising worldwide and specifically in Germany. Our case illustrates hurdles in diagnosing alveolar echinococcosis and underlines the importance to be aware of classical and rare clinical manifestations.
Bone Tumors of the Jaw – the “Blind Spot” for Radiologists Experienced with Tumors? – Part I
Authors: Grieser Thomas , Hirsch Edgar , Tödtmann Ninette 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPrimary bone tumours of the jaw are rare tumoral entities and do substantially differ from other bone tumours of the human body with respect of their frequently encountered unusual radiological appearances. The reason for that may be confined to the co-existence of two closely neighbored but different anatomical structures (i.e., tooth-forming apparatus and jaw bones with adjacent gingiva) and some tumour pathologies which are nearly excusively encountered in the jaw bones only (e.g., ameloblastoma, ossifying fibroma, ghost cell carcinoma).This paper would like to highlight some basic principles of the diagnostic approach and possibilities of radiological differentiation of such tumour-suspicious changes within the gnathic system are elucidated and discussed.The paper presented here is substantially based on the most recent classification of odontogenic and maxillofacial tumours (5th edition, 2022) which serves as a scaffold for the selection of typical tumour entities. Due to the educational character of this paper, only important jaw tumours worth mentioning and their characteristics are subject to be extracted from the literature and further discussed.The main focus was put onto both the description of radiological tumoral appearance and the rational selection of a radiological diagnostic work-up. In order to better visualize this difficult field of tumour entities, much attention has been paid on a comprehensive pictorial essay.For radiologists, it is their foremast task to detect, describe, and to classify bone tumours of the jaw when they are found intentionally or accidentally, resp. A close co-operation with their clinical partners is of upmost importance to gain information about patient’s history and clinical presentation. It is readily reasonable that radiologists are mostly able to provide only a suggestion of the presented tumour entity but this expert opinion would be very helpful to further narrow down the list of potential differential diagnoses (e.g., differentiation of a cyst vs. solid tumour osteolysis, identification of jaw osteomyelitis vs. tumoral infiltration, recognizing of secondary tumour involvement of the jaw).
Low Apgar Score and Risk of Neonatal Mortality among Infants with Birth Defects
Authors: Ludorf Katherine L. , Benjamin Renata H. , Canfield Mark , Shumate Charles , Findley Tina O. , Johnson Anthony , Tsao KuoJen , Agopian A.J. 
Published: November 2024

Objective The Apgar score is a clinical tool to assess newborn health at delivery and has shown utility in predicting neonatal mortality in the general population, but its predictive ability in neonates with birth defects remains unexplored. As such, we aimed to investigate the performance of the 5-minute Apgar score in predicting neonatal mortality among neonates with a spectrum of major birth defects.
Study Design Data for neonates with birth defects born between 1999 and 2017 were obtained from the Texas Birth Defect Registry. We generated receiver operating characteristic curves and corresponding area under the curve (AUC) values for neonatal mortality (death within the first 28 days of life) by 5-minute Apgar score (<7 vs. ≥7) to measure discrimination capacity. We performed secondary analyses to determine the predictive ability of the Apgar score: (1) among infants with an isolated birth defect and (2) separately in preterm and term neonates.
Results Low Apgar score yielded substantial predictive ability for neonatal mortality, with 25 out of 26 AUC values > 0.70 across a spectrum of defect categories. High predictive ability was consistent among neonates with isolated defects, and preterm and term neonates.
Conclusion The Apgar score is likely useful for predicting neonatal mortality among most neonates with birth defects. Despite small sample sizes limiting some secondary analyses, the findings emphasize the potential continued use of the Apgar score as a rapid clinical assessment tool for newborns with birth defects. Continued research may refine the Apgar score's application in this important population, both in clinical practice and population health research.
Key Points
New Constituents from Zanthoxylum rhoifolium
Authors: Stasi Mauro Di , Parisi Valentina , Hernandez Vanessa , Gazzillo Erica , Chini Maria Giovanna , Bifulco Giuseppe , Braca Alessandra , Donadio Giuliana , De Tommasi Nunziatina 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe phytochemical study of Zanthoxylum rhoifolium apolar and medium polarity stem bark and leaf extracts afforded 29 compounds, including three new sesquiterpenes (1 – 3) and one new α-ionone glycoside (4). All compounds were characterized by means of 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS data. Furthermore, a precise structural analysis was performed, employing a combined density functional theory (DFT)/NMR approach to elucidate the compounds configurations. The crude extracts were then tested against a panel of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria by broth dilution methods to determine their minimal inhibitory concentration. In these experimental conditions, no interesting antimicrobial activity was observed.
An approach to breaking the 100-milli-Kelvin barrier in electron temperature with a dilution-refrigerator ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscope
Authors: Ham Ungdon , Kim Hyeonjung , Yoon Ji-Soo , Yang Wooin , Kim Tae-Hwan , Lee Jinho , Yeom Han Woong 
Published: November 2024

This study presents a newly constructed dilution-refrigerator ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) scanning tunneling microscope (STM) with a 9/2/2 T superconducting vector magnet capable of achieving electron temperatures as low as 76 mK. Our design emphasizes robust thermal contacts, particularly with the sample holder through a thin insulating layer. Additionally, we focus on effective shielding and grounding against radio-frequency electromagnetic interference by integrating the critical electronics as a physically and electrically integral component of the STM setup. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy results obtained from a superconducting aluminum substrate and a gold tip indicate superior energy resolution, with a higher aspect ratio of the superconducting coherence peak in the dI/dV spectra compared to other dilution-refrigerator UHV STMs. Given that only a handful of UHV STMs with dilution refrigerators have reached electron temperatures below 100 mK, these results demonstrate the effectiveness of our design and methodology in achieving low electron temperatures.
The impact of explicit and implicit instruction on EFL learners’ oral performance
Authors: Marzuki Dony 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This quasi-experimental study investigated the impacts of two instructional conditions on the fluency of learners’
performance. In the first condition (strategy training), learners were provided with explicit fluency strategy training for a
portion of each lesson before rehearsing versions of the speaking task for the remainder of the lesson. In the second condition
(massed practice), learners rehearsed the versions of the target speaking task for the entire lesson. Both instructional
conditions allowed learners to benefit from language input and task repetition to help conceptualize and encode the content of
their speech. Two intact classes of university EFL learners participated in this study. The data were audio recordings of
participants’ oral performance of news report presentations in pre-test and post-test conditions. This data was transcribed and
coded for speech rate, articulation rate, phonation/time ratio, number of filled and unfilled pauses, mean duration of pauses,
mean length of run, verbatim repetition, and repairs. Although the overall effect of the training was found to be insignificant,
the estimation analysis revealed that both instructional conditions improve participants’ speech fluency, with the effect sizes
ranging from small to medium. These effect sizes are considered meaningful for the speech fluency development of EFL learners in
the study context. Hence, both instructional conditions could be applied as a potentially complementary pedagogical strategy in
EFL classrooms at the university level, particularly with regard to increasing the accuracy of teachers’ perceptions of learners’
oral proficiency.
Random sequential adsorption and percolation on discrete substrates
Authors: Dujak D , Budinski-Petković Lj , Lončarević I 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Random sequential adsorption (RSA) is a broadly used model for irreversible deposition on substrates. Over the last decades, a huge number of works have been published concerning this topic. Here we give a brief review of the results for irreversible deposition on two-dimensional discrete substrates. Depositing objects are randomly and sequentially adsorbed onto the substrate, and they are not allowed to overlap, so the jamming coverage

θ

j
a
m

is less than in close packing. The kinetics of the process is described by the time-dependence of the coverage fraction

θ
(
t
)

, and for the discrete substrates, this dependence was found to be of the form:

θ
(
t
)
=

θ

j
a
m

−
A

e

−
t

/

σ

. Another topic of interest is the percolation of the deposit that can occur at a certain coverage. The coverage of the surface is increased through the RSA process up to the percolation threshold when a cluster that extends through the whole system appears. A percolating cluster arises in the system when the opposite edges are connected via some path of nearest neighbor sites occupied by the particles. Studying percolation is of great interest due to its relevance to conductivity in composite materials, flow through porous media, polymerization, the properties of nanomaterials, etc.
Development of paver blocks using cupola slag and fly ash
Authors: Meshram Sangita , Yerawar Siddhi , Fopare Aman , Nimbarte Shruti , Hadke Ruchira , Derkar Prajakta , Rathod Riya 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The study examines the viability of using fly ash, which is the burned residue of industries and needs to be managed properly where it appears to be an alternative source of building material, in place of some of the cement in paver blocks and cupola slag as a partial replacement of fine aggregate in light of the growing pollution caused by construction materials. The research aims at the possibility of replacing the natural sand and cement with substitutionary in the production of paver blocks. This study is based on several proportions of the replacement of fine aggregate and cement with cupola slag waste, and fly ash. To reduce carbon dioxide emission, the greenhouse effect is caused by due heat of the hydration of cement which creates a bad impact on the environment. The different proportions were made with different percentages such as FA (40%, 45%, 50%, 80%, 85%, 90%) by replacement of cement and CS (50%, 55%, 60%, 100%) by replacing natural soil gives satisfactory results. The compressive strength was satisfactory to normal concrete paver blocks. M3 (60CS:40FA: 50FA: 50Cement) proportion is the optimal proportion out of all of them. The results were noted which determines the use of Paver block in construction materials.
The influence of land use land cover on the land surface temperature and vegetation index of Pune city, India
Authors: Madkaiker Krutika , Kumari Madhuri , Mehta Rommel , Chavan Sudhir 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The changes in land use land cover (LULC) over time intensifies the land surface temperature (LST). The variation in LST can be extracted from satellite imagery from different spatial resolutions for the summer month. In this study, through remote sensing and GIS techniques, the LST variation is quantified over different LULC classes from 2000 to 2020 using Landsat data in Pune City. The result shows an overall increase in the percentage of the built from 68.43% in 2000 to 85.31% in 2020, displaying a 16.88% rise during the study period. Further, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is extracted from the satellite imagery at different spatial resolutions for the summer months, and is quantified over the LULC classes for the duration of the study. The extreme variation in the mean NDVI values is seen in the areas with salt pans, semi arid areas, wetland-sparse vegetation and wetland–tree cover, i.e. areas near water bodies and the peripheral areas with less vegetation. The association of NDVI with LST shows a negative correlation that justifies the rise in surface temperature with the intensity of vegetation in the city. The results of this study shall help the planners, architects and policy makers to evaluate the current status of urbanisation, to make informed choices that lead to sustainable cities.
Laboratory Study on Synthesis of Geopolymer Fly ash sand
Authors: Renuka K. , Arti Sudam P. , Srinivas K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Sand is a naturally occurring resource that’s often employed in the field of civil engineering. Natural river sand is become harder to come by as a result of increased building activity. This is leading to several environmental issues, including erosion, landslides, tsunamis, river bank scoring, etc. Therefore, the creation of an alternate granular material is required to meet the required demand for natural river sand Geopolymers are utilized as an alternative binder material since they are three-dimensional alumina silicate frameworks with extremely high mechanical strength. Although the direct application of fly is widely recognized in practice, fly ash granule production and its applications are not. This artificial sand is being created utilizing fly ash, industrial waste, and a laboratory-scale disc granulator that uses geopolymerization. byproduct with different NaOH molarities and Na2SiO3 alkaline binders. This study’s primary goal is to create fly ash sand (GPS) and evaluate it using an index and engineering properties of river sand that is naturally occurring. These properties include water absorption, specific surface area, optimal and maximum dry density, grain size distribution, angle of shearing resistance, permeability, and more, in addition to geoenvironmental characteristics like pH, EC, and TDS. The findings indicated that GPS can be utilized as a building material in place of NRS since it interprets the same qualities as that of natural river sand.
Potentially toxic elements in fly ash bricks and associated ecological health risk: An opinionated review
Authors: Naz Aliya , Chowdhury Abhiroop 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Exposure to potentially toxic elements (PTE) from various sources seriously threatens the ecosystem in the modern era. Fly ash produced from coal and solid waste combustion contains a high concentration of PTE. Fly ash is a major by-product of coal-based thermal power plants and municipal solid waste incineration units. Due to the high demand for fly ash reuse due to its unique properties, fly ash is now in demand for manufacturing of various building materials and geo-liner for landfills. Brick is the primary building material used in construction. Fly ash bricks are very popular nowadays due to their low cost and high durability. This study reveals the ecological risk index through the exposure of heavy metals in fly ash reported in various studies. Results indicate extremely high ecological risk mainly due to Cd content in fly ash followed by Hg, As, Cu, and Pb. Fly ash is one of the causative agents for several diseases affecting the nervous system, skin, circulatory system, digestive system, reproductive system, and immune responses in the human body.
Strategic Optimization of PFC Coagulation for Saline Water Pre-treatment: Enhancing RO Filtration Efficiency in the Mekong Delta
Authors: Duong Do Vinh , Chi Sy Phung , Thai Nguyen Hoang , Trung Le Duc , Huynh Ngoc-Han T. , Tran Thanh 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study critically evaluates the application of Poly Ferric Chloride (PFC) as a pre-treatment coagulant in desalination, particularly for enhancing Reverse Osmosis (RO) filtration in the saline-affected Mekong Delta region. The research focuses on the optimization of PFC dosages and pH levels to maximize coagulation efficiency in varying salinity conditions. Through an extensive series of experiments, an optimal coagulation efficiency of 93.7% for Total Suspended Solids (TSS) removal was achieved with a PFC dosage of 0.7 ml at a pH of 11 in a 5 ppt saline solution. However, increasing salinity levels were found to complicate this relationship, revealing a nuanced interplay between PFC dosage, pH, and salinity. A particularly critical observation was the decreasing effectiveness of PFC as salinity levels rose, indicating a need for escalating PFC dosages in higher saline waters to sustain coagulation effectiveness. The study significantly contributes to the understanding of PFC pre-treatment in water desalination processes, highlighting the compound’s role in improving the input quality for RO systems and extending membrane longevity. These findings are pivotal for designing adaptive water treatment strategies, ensuring the sustainability and effectiveness of water purification in salinity-vulnerable contexts.
Sustainable utilisation of sugar cane molasses as a partial replacement to bitumen in bituminous pavements
Authors: Kuchu Jayasree 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Energy consumption in manufacturing bitumen is high and limited availability of non-renewable energy resources in the production of bitumen lead to explore alternatives to bitumen in road construction. The alternatives included exploration of sugar molasses that is sustainable, nontoxic, economical and environment friendly option and obtained from industrial wastes. There are more than 700 sugar factories in India and they produce Molasses as by product. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of sugarcane waste molasses in bituminous mix design. Comparison of conventional bitumen and molasses bitumen is done using laboratory tests. Bitumen has been replaced with molasses from 0% to 11% and Marshall stability test has been performed. It was observed that 10% replacement of Molasses has shown optimal results in improving the performance of the mix.