bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Viral infection enhances vomocytosis of intracellular fungi via Type I interferons
Authors: Seoane Paula I , Taylor-Smith Leanne M. , Stirling David , Bell Lucy C. K. , Noursadeghi Mahdad , Bailey Dalan , May Robin C. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic human pathogen, which causes serious disease in immunocompromised hosts. Infection with this pathogen is particularly relevant in HIV+ patients, where it leads to around 200,000 deaths per annum. A key feature of cryptococcal pathogenesis is the ability of the fungus to survive and replicate within the phagosome of macrophages, as well as its ability to escape via a novel non-lytic mechanism known as vomocytosis. We have been exploring whether viral infection affects the interaction between C. neoformans and macrophages. Here we show that viral infection enhances cryptococcal vomocytosis without altering phagocytosis or intracellular proliferation of the fungus. This effect occurs with distinct, unrelated human viral pathogens and is recapitulated when macrophages are stimulated with the anti-viral cytokine interferon alpha (IFNα). Importantly, the effect is abrogated when type-I interferon signalling is blocked, thus underscoring the importance of type-I interferons in this phenomenon. Our results highlight the importance of incorporating specific context cues while studying host-pathogen interactions. By doing so, we found that acute viral infection may trigger the release of latent cryptococci from intracellular compartments, with significant consequences for disease progression.Non-Technical Author SummaryInfectious diseases are typically studied in the laboratory in isolation, but in real life people often encounter multiple infections simultaneously. Here we investigate how the innate immune response to the fatal fungus Cryptococcus neoformans is influenced by viral coinfection. Whilst virally-infected macrophages retain a normal capacity to engulf and kill Cryptococci, they demonstrate a dramatically enhanced propensity to expel them via the process known as non-lytic expulsion or vomocytosis. Activation of vomocytosis is independent of the type of virus encountered, since both HIV and measles (two entirely unrelated viral pathogens) trigger the same effect. Instead it is driven by interferon-α, a generic ‘antiviral’ response, which signals back to the infected macrophage, triggering expulsion of the fungus. We propose that this hitherto unobserved phenomenon represents a ‘reprioritisation’ pathway for innate immune cells, by which they can alter the frequency with which they expel one pathogen (Cryptococcus) depending on the level of threat from a secondary viral infection.
Structural differences between the Woodchuck hepatitis virus core protein in dimer and capsid states indicate entropic and conformational regulation of assembly
Authors: Zhao Zhongchao , Wang Joseph Che-Yen , Gonzalez-Gutierrez Giovanni , Venkatakrishnan Balasubramanian , Zlotnick Adam 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHepadnaviruses are hepatotropic enveloped DNA viruses with an icosahedral capsid. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes chronic infection in an estimated 240 million people; Woodchuck Hepatitis virus (WHV), an HBV homologue, has been an important model system for drug development. The dimeric capsid protein (Cp) plays multiple functions during the viral life cycle and thus has become an important target for a new generation of antivirals. Purified HBV and WHV Cp spontaneously assemble into 120-dimer capsids. Though they have 65% identity, WHV Cp has error-prone assembly with stronger protein-protein association. We have taken advantage of the differences in assembly to investigate the basis of assembly regulation. We have determined the structures of the WHV capsid to 4.5 Å resolution by cryo-EM and the WHV Cp dimer to 2.9 Å resolution by crystallography and examined the biophysical properties of the dimer. We found, in dimer, the subdomain that makes protein-protein interactions is partially disordered and rotated 21° from its position in capsid. This subdomain is susceptible to proteolysis, consistent with local disorder. These data show there is an entropic cost for assembly that is compensated for by the energetic gain of burying hydrophobic interprotein contacts. We propose a series of stages in assembly that incorporate disorder-to-order transition and structural shifts. WHV assembly shows similar susceptibility to HBV antiviral molecules, suggesting that HBV assembly follows similar transitions and indicating WHV’s importance as a model system for drug development. We suggest that a cascade of structural changes may be a common mechanism for regulating high fidelity capsid assembly in HBV and other viruses.Author summaryCapsid assembly is a key step in the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) life cycle; it requires sophisticated regulation to ensure the production of capsids and viruses with high-fidelity. HBV capsids are constructed from 120 self-assembling capsid protein dimers (Cp). It was hypothesized that changes in Cp structure regulated the assembly reaction. Here we determined structures of dimer and capsid for Woodchuck Hepatitis virus (WHV), an HBV homologue. We observed that the component of the dimer involved in subunit-subunit interactions undergoes a disorder-order transition and changes structure concomitant with assembly. Meanwhile WHV Cp displays similar susceptibility to HBV antiviral. We propose that this structural transition entropically regulates assembly and may be a common theme in other viruses.
Learning organization and work performance in Bandung city government in Indonesia: a path modeling statistical approach
Authors: Anggara Widi Galih , Febriansyah Hary , Darmawan Rony , Cintyawati Cici 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
This study aims to explore the applicability of the learning organization (LO) concept as a predictor of work performance (WP) using partial least square (PLS) as a statistical method to explain the presence or absence of relationships between those latent variables.

Design/methodology/approach
An empirical approach was conducted on a research sample of a local government in Indonesia. The design of this study is a cross-sectional study using a closed-ended questionnaire, and PLS is used as a statistical method.

Findings
The results show evidence of internal consistency and construct reliability and provide a sound answer that the LO concept can explain a considerable proportion of the WP. This indicates that LO could be considered as the predictor of WP.

Originality/value
To date, studies on the benefit of becoming an LO have been increasing since the publication of Senge’s book, The Fifth Discipline, in the 1990s. However, such research efforts are directed primarily at assessing financial and knowledge performance (Swanson and Chermack, 2013). Very few studies have focused on the benefits associated with becoming an LO with an emphasis on individual performance using the behavioral aspect.
Numerical investigation on turbulent convective heat transfer of nanofluid flow in a square cross-sectioned duct
Authors: Şenay Gülbanu , Kaya Metin , Gedik Engin , Kayfeci Muhammet 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to numerically investigate the heat transfer enhancement by using two different nanofluids flow throughout the square duct under a constant heat flux (500 × 103 W/m2).

Design/methodology/approach
In numerical computations, ANSYS Fluent code based on the finite volume method was used to solve governing equations by iteratively. Water, Al2O3-water and TiO2-water nanofluids were used for different flow velocities changing 1 m/s to 8 m/s (i.e. Reynolds number varying from 3,000 to 100,000).

Findings
The results were compared with results published previously in the literature and close agreement was observed especially considering Dittus and Boelter correlation for water. It was found that from the obtained results, increasing flow velocity and volume fractions of nanoparticles has caused to increase Nu number for all cases. Besides, variations of pressure drop, Darcy friction factor are presented graphically and discussed in detail. The results are consistent with a deviation of 1.3 to 15 per cent with the results of other researchers.

Originality/value
The effects of the Re numbers and volume fractions of nanoparticles (0.01 ≤ Φ ≤ 0.04) on the heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics such as average Nu number, pressure drop (ΔP) and Darcy friction factor (f) were investigated.
Do characteristics of the regulatory content have different impact on the risk in the electricity sector?
Authors: Taffarel Marinês , da Silva Wesley Vieira , da Veiga Claudimar Pereira , Clemente Ademir , Mairesse Siluk Julio Cezar 
Published: January 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to determine if the Brazilian electricity sector is differently affected by the characteristics of the content in the regulatory legislation.Design/methodology/approachFor better robustness of the research, the authors analyzed the period from 1995 to 2013, totaling 4,510 observations. To this end, the selection of regulatory legislation was conducted through Markov regime switching. To identify the characteristics of profile and intensity of regulatory content in each legislation, we applied the content analysis technique.FindingsThe main findings of this study position this research in the vanguard regarding other research in the area by showing that all regulatory measures whose characteristics denote market profile of strong and medium intensity affect the risk of electric utilities in Brazil. As contribution from this research, it can be hypothesized that for provisional measures/laws events, the profile and intensity of regulatory content are relevant and have different impact on the risk of stocks and, therefore, should be considered in the design and development of public policies.Originality/valueThe paper investigates by means of content analysis, the profile and intensity characteristics of the content present in the regulatory legislation and to present the impact of these characteristics on the risk of the electric energy Sector in Brazil. The research results showed that it is not all regulatory events that impact the stock market. Therefore, regulatory risk estimates must consider the intensity and scope of each legislation, given that legislation with a higher regulatory content that seeks to modify the sector’s operating rules more deeply tends to have a greater impact on the risk of companies that operate in regulated sectors. Therefore, the paper shows originality and evolution for the researchers in the area, with new and significant information.
Enhancing organizational innovation in Indian automobile industry
Authors: Chaubey Akriti , Sahoo Chandan Kumar 
Published: January 2019

PurposeThis study aims to focus on examining the impact of transformational leadership on employee creativity to enhance organizational innovation through mediating effect of intrinsic motivation and the moderating effect of organizational culture on the relationship between employee creativity and organizational innovation in Indian automobile industries.Design/methodology/approachResponses were collected from engineers, managers and R&D professionals from car manufacturing and R&D units from southern India through a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 20. The validity of the constructs and the theoretical model were confirmed by applying structural equation modeling approach using IBM SPSS Amos version 20.FindingsEmpirical findings proved that transformational leadership has a positive effect on employee creativity, as mediated by intrinsic motivation. Studies also revealed that employees tend to exhibit higher creative potential when they are exposed to a higher degree of distinct shared assumptions, values and beliefs, which governs their behavior in an organization.Research limitations/implicationsAs research was carried out in Indian automobile manufacturing and R&D units, it cannot be generalized across the broader range of sectors and international environment.Originality/valueThis research is unique in its attempt to empirically test the moderating effect of organizational culture in enhancing organizational innovation in Indian automobile industry.
Managing the unexpected in megaprojects: riding the waves of resilience
Authors: Nachbagauer Andreas G.M. , Schirl-Boeck Iris 
Published: January 2019

PurposeRisk management and uncertainty in megaprojects is a flourishing topic in project management, while the unexpected is still a neglected matter. The purpose of this paper is to offer conceptual clarifications of the unexpected based on second-order-cybernetics and systems theory. While transferring findings from organisation theory to project management, the article provides fresh insights into managing the unexpected in megaprojects.Design/methodology/approachBeing grounded on constructionism and systems theory, the conceptual paper explores selected research approaches from organisation theory: research on high-reliability organising, organisational resilience and organisational improvising, on contributions to managing the unexpected in megaprojects. Using the framework of meaning i.e. the factual, social and temporal dimensions, challenges of handling the unexpected are analysed and (effects of) decision-making structures for such projects are defined.FindingsThis paper argues that classic project management, while neglecting the fundamental distinction between risk, uncertainty and the unexpected, sticks to a planning-and-controlling approach. But the unexpected cannot be planned; however, organisations and managers can prepare for the unexpected. This requests a balance between structure and self-organisation in planning, communication, hierarchy and organisational culture. Understanding the contradictions inherent in managing megaprojects allows for smart decision-making when riding the waves of resilience.Originality/valueThe study adds to the literature on complexity and uncertainty in project management by enhancing the view to include the unexpected. While rejecting the universal applicability of rationality-based risk and controlling conceptions, shifting to second-order cybernetics and integrating elements of resilient organising increases the understanding of handling the unexpected in megaprojects.
The role of cognitive moral development in tax
compliance decision making
Authors: Iqbal Syaiful , Sholihin Mahfud 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the role of cognitive moral development (CMD)
in tax compliance decision. In particular, the study compares tax compliance
degree in two different tax systems: synergistic and antagonistic tax
climates.

Design/methodology/approach
Build on the CMD theory, this study uses a paper and pencil laboratory
experiment that involved 157 participants to test the hypotheses.

Findings
CMD has significant contribution to the tax compliance decision, especially
for taxpayers at both the pre-conventional and conventional level. Taxpayers
who have achieved post-conventional level, however, do not shift their
compliance degree even when the tax climate changed. The present results
support the CMD theory.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the present study is the first
to investigate the role of CMDin tax compliance decision by comparing two
different tax systems: synergistic and antagonistic tax climates. This study
has theoretical and practical contributions. From theoretical perspective,
the findings provide evidence that CMD influence tax compliance
decision-making processes. In the practical terms, this research may provide
a deep insight on the important of government and tax authorities to improve
the taxpayers’ moral cognitive, e.g. through any activities which
aims to boost them to the level of post-conventional.
Tribological behaviors of the thick metal coating for the contact mechanical seal under the water-lubricated conditions
Authors: Zhang Guo-yuan , Dang Jia-qi , Zhao Wei-gang , Yan Xiu-tian 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
The serious friction and wear problem occurs on the mechanical seal’s faces during the start-up stage of the high-speed turbopump for a liquid rocket engine. This paper aims to propose a kind of thick metal alloy coatings on the surface of the seal’s rotor so as reduce the friction and wear.

Design/methodology/approach
With the pin-disk (the graphite pin and the disk with the metal coating) tribology-tester, the tribological behaviors of four metal coatings are investigated. The special friction coefficients under the dry friction, boundary friction and different temperatures of water-lubricated conditions were obtained.

Findings
The test results show that the thick metal coating has a good performance of the wear resistance and friction reduction; and the friction coefficients of a Sn-Sb-Cu coating under the dry friction and water-lubricated conditions are 0.377 and 0.043, respectively, and the corresponding mass wear volumes are only 2.74 and 0.81 mg, respectively.

Originality/value
The thick metal coating scheme for the mechanical seal’s faces might lend itself to the harsh working conditions of the low-viscosity liquid rocket engine.
Enhanced generation efficiency of singlet oxygen for methylene blue released from hydroxyapatite-MB@tannic acid-Fe(III) ions
Authors: Wang Wenhao , Shi Rujing , Zhang Wei , Sun Haibin , Ge Xiaolu , Li Chengfeng 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to improve the generation efficiency of singlet oxygen of methylene blue molecules through finely controlling their aggregation states in drug carriers.

Design/methodology/approach
As a photosensitiser in photodynamic therapy, methylene blue (MB) was loaded on citrate-modified hydroxyapatite (HAp) through an electrostatic interaction and followed by encapsulation of coordination complexes of tannic acid (TA) and Fe(III) ions. Ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum of the supernatant after incubation of samples was recorded at certain time interval to investigate the release behaviour of MB. Photodynamic activity of MB was determined by the oxidation reaction of uric acid by singlet oxygen generated by MB under illumination.

Findings
Almost all MB molecules were immediately released from HAp-MB, whilst an initial burst release of MB from HAp-MB@TA was followed by a sustainable and pH-sensitised release. In comparison with HAp-MB, photocatalystic reduction of HAp-MB@TA by titanium dioxide hardly occurred under illumination, indicating the stability against reduction to leukomethylene blue in vitro. Generation efficiency of singlet oxygen by MB released from HAp-MB@TA was significantly higher than that from HAp-MB because of the control of TA and Fe(III) ions complexes on molecular structures of released MB.

Originality/value
A facile method was herein demonstrated to optimise the generation efficiency of singlet oxygen by controlling aggregation states of PS molecules and improve PDT efficiency to damage tumour tissues.
The ecology of sexual conflict: Temperature variation in the social environment can drastically modulate male harm to females
Authors: García‐Roa Roberto , Chirinos Valeria , Carazo Pau 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Sexual conflict is a fundamental driver of male/female adaptations, an engine of biodiversity and a crucial determinant of population viability. Sexual conflict frequently leads to behavioural adaptations that allow males to displace their rivals, but in doing so harm those same females they are competing to access, which can decrease population viability and facilitate extinction.

We are far from understanding what factors modulate the intensity of sexual conflict and particularly the role of ecology in mediating underlying behavioural adaptations.

In this study, we show that, in Drosophila melanogaster, variations in environmental temperature of ±4°C decrease male harm impact on female fitness by between 45% and 73%. Rate‐sensitive fitness estimates indicate that such modulation results in an average rescue of population productivity of 7% at colder temperatures and 23% at hotter temperatures.

Our results: (a) show that the thermal ecology of social interactions can drastically modulate male harm via behavioural plasticity, (b) identify a potentially crucial ecological factor to understand how sexual conflict operates in nature and (c), along with recent studies, suggest that behaviourally plastic responses can lessen the negative effect of sexual conflict on population viability in the face of rapid environmental temperature changes.

A plain language summary is available for this article.
Flowering resources distract pollinators from crops: Model predictions from landscape simulations
Authors: Nicholson Charlie C. , Ricketts Taylor H. , Koh Insu , Smith Henrik G. , Lonsdorf Eric V. , Olsson Ola 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Enhancing floral resources is a widely accepted strategy for supporting wild bees and promoting crop pollination. Planning effective enhancements can be informed with pollination service models, but these models should capture the behavioural and spatial dynamics of service‐providing organisms. Model predictions, and hence management recommendations, are likely to be sensitive to these dynamics.

We used two established models of pollinator foraging to investigate whether habitat enhancement improves crop visitation; whether this effect is influenced by pollinator foraging distance and landscape pattern; and whether behavioural detail improves model predictions.

The more detailed central place foraging model better predicted variation in bee visitation observed between habitat types, because it includes optimized trade‐offs between patch quality and distance. Both models performed well when predicting visitation rates across broader scales.

Using real agricultural landscapes and simulating habitat enhancements, we show that additional floral resources can have diverging effects on predicted crop visitation. When only co‐flowering resources were added, optimally foraging bees concentrated in enhancements to the detriment of crop pollination. For both models, adding nesting resources increased crop visitation. Finally, the marginal effect of enhancements was greater in simple landscapes.

Synthesis and applications. Model results help to identify the conditions under which habitat enhancements are most likely to increase pollination services in agriculture. Three design principles for pollinator habitat enhancement emerge: (a) enhancing only flowers can diminish services by distracting pollinators away from crops, (b) providing nesting resources is more likely to increase bee populations and crop visitation and (c) the benefit of enhancements will be greatest in landscapes that do not already contain abundant habitat.