bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross‐sectional survey of factors associated with paternal involvement in the neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Clarkson Gina , Gilmer Mary Jo , Moore Elizabeth , Dietrich Mary S. , McBride Brent A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAim and objectiveTo describe factors associated with father involvement in the neonatal intensive care unit using the Heuristic model of the dynamic of parental behaviour and influence on children over time.BackgroundResearch shows that infants with involved fathers have better cognitive development, fewer crying episodes after caesarean birth, improved breastfeeding exclusivity and duration, and more regular sleep patterns. Preterm infants with involved fathers have improved cognitive development.DesignThis cross‐sectional exploratory study used survey methodology to explore factors associated with father involvement in the neonatal intensive care unit.MethodsThe STROBE checklist for cross‐sectional studies was used (see Appendix S2). Biological fathers of infants in a 97‐bed neonatal intensive care unit in the southern USA completed a survey which asked about their involvement with their hospitalised infants and factors which affected that involvement. Eighty fathers completed the survey.ResultsAge ranged between 20–53 with 43% first‐time fathers. Compared to less involved fathers, fathers who were more involved were younger, married or living with the mother, performed kangaroo care or fathers of multiple gestation. Fathers who had attended the delivery were more likely to bathe their infants than those who had not attended the delivery and fathers who performed kangaroo care felt more confident than those who did not. Compared to fathers who visited less often, fathers who visited more often were younger, had infants with a shorter hospitalisation time and lower acuity, and had fewer children in the family.ConclusionsFathers are involved with their neonatal intensive care unit infants in many ways. Factors were identified that affect involvement in the neonatal intensive care unit.Relevance to clinical practiceResults can help nurses in neonatal intensive care units worldwide facilitate father–infant interaction, identify fathers at risk for decreased involvement and advocate for institutional policy development for supporting neonatal intensive care unit father involvement.
What are research nurses' experiences of obtaining consent from or for patients participating in emergency care research? A qualitative review
Authors: Brown Pauline , Hewison Alistair , Newham Roger 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionIf studies are to be valid, recruitment of representative samples is essential. In 2012, 28% of UK emergency departments met the 80% standard for recruitment to trials set by the National Institute for Health Research. Research nurses play a vital role in the conduct of high‐quality research, and it has been argued that dedicated research nurses are needed if clinical trials are to recruit successfully to target.Review questionWhat are research nurses' experiences of obtaining consent from or for patients participating in emergency care research? A qualitative evidence review.MethodsA qualitative integrative literature review with a narrative synthesis of the evidence. PRISMA guidelines for reporting systematic qualitative reviews (Appendix S1) were followed. A search of five electronic databases was performed in December 2018 along with a hand search which yielded 125 citations: 10 papers and one PhD thesis met the review eligibility criteria. Methodological quality of the selected studies was evaluated, and data were extracted and synthesised.ResultsThree themes were identified: Access, Organisation and Timing. Research nurses encountered both general and specific barriers when seeking to obtain consent for participation in research. In particular, it was found there was lack of experience among staff of working in emergency research and with securing deferred consent. The distinction between nurse researchers with a clinical role and those dedicated to solely to research only is often not clear and warrants further investigation.ConclusionNurse researchers with and without a clinical role can make a positive difference in recruitment to trials in emergency care. The involvement of dedicated research nurses in the consent process can increase recruitment to emergency care research. Experience of recruiting to clinical trials in nonemergency settings does not seem to help when recruiting for trials in emergency care.Relevance to clinical practiceThere is a need for greater understanding of the experiences of dedicated research nurses in emergency care settings and in particular with regard to deferred consent.
Effects of Wnt10b on dermal papilla cells via the canonical Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway in the Angora rabbit
Authors: Bai Liya , Gao Shuxia , Sun Haitao , Zhao Xueyan , Yang Liping , Hu Hongmei , Sun Jie , Jiang Wenxue 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWnt10b is a member of Wnt family that plays a variety of roles in biological functions, including those in the development of hair follicles. To investigate the effect of Wnt10b on hair growth in the Angora rabbit and to determine the underlying molecular mechanism, we cultured dermal papilla (DP) cells with exogenous Wnt10b in vitro. We observed the expressions of downstream critical gene β‐catenin and lymphoid enhancer‐binding factor 1 (LEF1) in Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. The levels of β‐catenin mRNA and protein were higher in the Wnt10b group of DP cells than in the Control group, and the mRNA level of LEF1 in the Wnt10b group was higher than in the Control group. Moreover, translocation of β‐catenin from cytoplasm to nucleus was activated in the Wnt10b group. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of the hair follicle‐regulatory genes, insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and the protein activity of ALP was also upregulated in the Wnt10b group compared to their corresponding levels in the Control group. These data suggest that Wnt10b could activate the canonical Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway to induce DP cells in the Angora rabbit. In addition, the proliferation of DP cells was significantly promoted when cultured with Wnt10b for 48 and 72 hr, suggesting that Wnt10b plays a pivotal role in the proliferation and maintenance of DP cells in vitro. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that Wnt10b may promote hair follicle growth in Angora rabbit through the canonical Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway that promotes the proliferation of DP cells.
Polyploidy does not control all: Lineage‐specific average chromosome length constrains genome size evolution in ferns
Authors: Liu Hong‐Mei , Ekrt Libor , Koutecky Petr , Pellicer Jaume , Hidalgo Oriane , Marquardt Jeannine , Pustahija Fatima , Ebihara Atsushi , Siljak‐Yakovlev Sonja , Gibby Mary , Leitch Ilia , Schneider Harald 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRecent studies investigating the evolution of genome size diversity in ferns have shown that they have a distinctive genome profile compared with other land plants. Ferns are typically characterized by possessing medium‐sized genomes, although a few lineages have evolved very large genomes. Ferns are different from other vascular plant lineages as they are the only group to show evidence for a correlation between genome size and chromosome number. In this study, we aim to explore whether the evolution of fern genome sizes is not only shaped by chromosome number changes arising from polyploidy but also by constraints on the average amount of DNA per chromosome. We selected the genus Asplenium L. as a model genus to study the question because of the unique combination of a highly conserved base chromosome number and a high frequency of polyploidy. New genome size data for Asplenium taxa were combined with existing data and analyzed within a phylogenetic framework. Genome size varied substantially between diploid species, resulting in overlapping genome sizes among diploid and tetraploid spleenworts. The observed additive pattern indicates the absence of genome downsizing following polyploidy. The genome size of diploids varied non‐randomly and we found evidence for clade‐specific trends towards larger or smaller genomes. The 578‐fold range of fern genome sizes have arisen not only from repeated cycles of polyploidy but also through clade‐specific constraints governing accumulation and/or elimination of DNA.
Severe wasting among Indian infants <6 months: Findings from the National Family Health Survey 4
Authors: Choudhary Tarun Shankar , Srivastava Akanksha , Chowdhury Ranadip , Taneja Sunita , Bahl Rajiv , Martines Jose , Bhan Maharaj Kishan , Bhandari Nita 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBurden and risk factors for wasting in the first 6 months of life among Indian children are not well documented. We used data from India's National Family Health Survey 4 to estimate the prevalence of severe wasting (weight for length < ‐3 SD) among 18,898 infants under 6 months of age. We also examined the association of severe wasting with household, maternal, and child‐related factors using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Prevalence of severe wasting among infants less than 6 months of age was 14.8%, ranging from 3.5 to 21% across states. Low birth weight (<2,500 g; adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.40, 95% CI [1.19, 1.65]), nonutilization of supplementary nutrition by mother during lactation (AOR 1.23, 95% CI [1.05, 1.43]), and anthropometric assessment during summer (AOR 1.37, 95% CI [1.13, 1.65]) and monsoon months (AOR 1.53, 95% CI [1.20, 1.95]) were associated with higher odds of severe wasting. Infants aged 2 to 3 months (AOR 0.78, 95% CI [0.66, 0.93]) and 4 to 5 months (AOR 0.65, 95% CI [0.55, 0.73]) had lower odds of severe wasting as compared with the 0‐ to 1‐month category. This analysis reveals a high burden of severe wasting in infants less than 6 months in India. Preventive interventions must be targeted at reducing low birth weight due to fatal growth restriction and prematurity. Appropriate care practices at facilities and postdischarge with extra attention to those born small and sick can prevent further deterioration in nutritional status.
Elevation of cell wall chitin via Ca2+–calcineurin‐mediated PKC signaling pathway maintains the viability of Candida albicans in the absence of β‐1,6‐glucan synthesis
Authors: Han Qi , Wang Na , Pan Chaoying , Wang Yue , Sang Jianli 
Published: June 2019

Summaryβ‐1,6‐glucan is an important cell wall component of Candida albicans. Deleted mutants of the two β‐1,6‐glucan synthase genes KRE6 and SKN1 are viable albeit with a range of defects including slow growth. It remains unclear whether β‐1,6‐glucan synthesis is not required under culture conditions or compensatory mechanisms exist in C. albicans. Here, we report that depleting β‐1,6‐glucan synthases leads to a significant increase in cell wall chitin levels through the posttranscriptional regulation of the chitin synthase Chs3 which maintains cell viability. And depleting β‐1,6‐glucan synthases in chs3Δ/Δ cells results in cell death. The elevation of cell wall chitin is mediated by the activation of the PKC signaling pathway and an unknown pathway(s) involving Ca2+–calcineurin. Also, kre6Δ/Δ skn1Δ/Δ cells are not more susceptible to caspofungin, the antifungal drug that inhibits β‐1,3‐glucan synthases, suggesting that β‐1,3‐glucan has no role in compensating β‐1,6‐glucan synthesis. Given the vital importance of elevating chitin synthesis in the absence of β‐1,6‐glucan synthesis in C. albicans, antifungal drugs targeting β‐1,6‐glucan and chitin synthesis could be used in combination therapies.
Role of chronic cannabis use: Cyclic vomiting syndrome vs cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome
Authors: Venkatesan Thangam , Levinthal David J. , Li B U. K. , Tarbell Sally E. , Adams Kathleen A. , Issenman Robert M. , Sarosiek Irene , Jaradeh Safwan S. , Sharaf Ravi N. , Sultan Shahnaz , Stave Christopher D. , Monte Andrew A. , Hasler William L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCannabis is commonly used in cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) due to its antiemetic and anxiolytic properties. Paradoxically, chronic cannabis use in the context of cyclic vomiting has led to the recognition of a putative new disorder called cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS). Since its first description in 2004, numerous case series and case reports have emerged describing this phenomenon. Although not pathognomonic, a patient behavior called “compulsive hot water bathing” has been associated withCHS. There is considerable controversy about howCHSis defined. Most of the data remain heterogenous with limited follow‐up, making it difficult to ascertain whether chronic cannabis use is causal, merely a clinical association withCVS, or unmasks or triggers symptoms in patients inherently predisposed to developCVS. This article will discuss the role of cannabis in the regulation of nausea and vomiting, specifically focusing on bothCVSandCHS, in order to address controversies in this context. To this objective, we have collated and analyzed published case series and case reports onCHSin order to determine the number of reported cases that meet current RomeIVcriteria forCHS. We have also identified limitations in the existing diagnostic framework and propose revised criteria to diagnoseCHS. Future research in this area should improve our understanding of the role of cannabis use in cyclic vomiting and help us better understand and manage this disorder.
Chronic stress induces hypersensitivity of murine gastric vagal afferents
Authors: Li Hui , Buisman‐Pijlman Femke T. A. , Nunez‐Salces Maria , Christie Stewart , Frisby Claudine L. , Inserra Antonio , Hatzinikolas George , Lewis Martin D. , Kritas Stamatiki , Wong Ma‐Li , Page Amanda J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundStress exposure is known to trigger and exacerbate functional dyspepsia (FD) symptoms. Increased gastric sensitivity to food‐related stimuli is widely observed in FD patients and is associated with stress and psychological disorders. The mechanisms underlying the hypersensitivity are not clear. Gastric vagal afferents (GVAs) play an important role in sensing meal‐related mechanical stimulation to modulate gastrointestinal function and food intake. This study aimed to determine whether GVAs display hypersensitivity after chronic stress, and whether its interaction with leptin was altered by stress.MethodsEight‐week‐old male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to unpredictable chronic mild stress or no stress (control) for 8 weeks. The metabolic rate, gastric emptying rate, and anxiety‐ and depression‐like behaviors were determined. GVA mechanosensitivity, and its modulation by leptin, was determined using an in vitro single fiber recording technique. QRT‐PCR was used to establish the levels of leptin and leptin receptor mRNA in the stomach and nodose ganglion, respectively.Key ResultsThe stressed mice had lower body weight and food intake, and increased anxiety‐like behavior compared to the control mice. The mechanosensitivity of mucosal and tension‐sensitive GVAs was higher in the stressed mice. Leptin potentiated mucosal GVA mechanosensitivity in control but not stressed mice. The expression of leptin mRNA in the gastric mucosa was lower in the stressed mice.Conclusions and InferencesIn conclusion, chronic stress enhances GVA mechanosensitivity, which may contribute to the gastric hypersensitivity in FD. In addition, the modulatory effect of leptin on GVA signaling is lost after chronic stress exposure.
Genes and gene models, an important distinction
Authors: Schnable James C. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryGenome sequencing has fundamentally changed how plant biologists think about genes. All or nearly all genes can ultimately be associated with a gene model. However, many gene models appear to play little or no role in the traits of an organism. A range of structural, molecular, population and evolutionary features all show a separation between genes with known phenotypes and the overall set of annotated gene models. These different features could be combined to develop models to distinguish the genes that determine the traits of plants from the subset gene other annotated gene models which are unlikely to play a role in doing so. Efforts to identify the subset of annotated gene models likely involved in specifying the characteristics of plants would help aid a wide range of researchers.
Lipotoxicity plays a key role in the development of both insulin resistance and muscle atrophy in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Meex Ruth C.R. , Blaak Ellen E. , van Loon Luc J.C. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryInsulin resistance and muscle mass loss often coincide in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Most patients with type 2 diabetes are overweight, and it is well established that obesity and derangements in lipid metabolism play an important role in the development of insulin resistance in these individuals. Specifically, increased adipose tissue mass and dysfunctional adipose tissue lead to systemic lipid overflow and to low‐grade inflammation via altered secretion of adipokines and cytokines. Furthermore, an increased flux of fatty acids from the adipose tissue may contribute to increased fat storage in the liver and in skeletal muscle, resulting in an altered secretion of hepatokines, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired insulin signalling in skeletal muscle. Recent studies suggest that obesity and lipid derangements in adipose tissue can also lead to the development of muscle atrophy, which would make insulin resistance and muscle atrophy two sides of the same coin. Unfortunately, the exact relationship between lipid accumulation, type 2 diabetes, and muscle atrophy remains largely unexplored. The aim of this review is to discuss the relationship between type 2 diabetes and muscle loss and to discuss some of the joint pathways through which lipid accumulation in organs may affect peripheral insulin sensitivity and muscle mass.
Monuments as Commitments: How Art Speaks to Groups and How Groups Think in Art
Authors: Nguyen C. Thi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractArt can be addressed, not just to individuals, but to groups. Art can even be part of how groups think to themselves – how they keep a grip on their values over time. I focus on monuments as a case study. Monuments, I claim, can function as a commitment to a group value, for the sake of long‐term action guidance. Art can function here where charters and mission statements cannot, precisely because of art's powers to capture subtlety and emotion. In particular, art can serve as the vessel for group emotions, by making emotional content sufficiently public so as to be the object of a group commitment. Art enables groups to guide themselves with values too subtle to be codified.
Tumor necrosis factor‐α inhibitor‐induced psoriasis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients
Authors: Groth Daniel , Perez Maria , Treat James R. , Castelo‐Soccio Leslie , Nativ Simona , Weiss Pamela F. , Lapidus Sivia , Perman Marissa J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesThe development of psoriasis while on tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) is a paradoxical effect of agents that treat psoriasis. There is a paucity of data available on this entity in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Our objectives were to determine the prevalence of TNFi‐induced psoriasis in patients with JIA at two pediatric centers, and psoriasis response to therapeutic modifications.MethodsWe performed retrospective chart review on patients with JIA treated with TNFi (adalimumab, etanercept, infliximab) who developed psoriasis. TNFi‐induced psoriasis was defined as an incident diagnosis of psoriasis after starting a TNFi. Patients with personal histories of psoriasis prior to TNFi therapy were excluded. Following diagnosis, responses to medication changes were defined based on physician assessments.ResultsNine of 166 (5.4%) patients on TNFi for JIA were diagnosed with TNFi‐induced psoriasis. All cases were female. One had a family history of psoriasis. The median age was 10 (range 2‐16) years. Five (55%) patients experienced scalp psoriasis, including four (44%) with alopecia. Two (22%) patients achieved significant improvement after switching to different classes of biologic agents, while three (33%) patients had significant improvement following discontinuation of biologic therapy. One of five patients who switched to a different TNFi had complete resolution, while four had worsening symptoms or partial improvement.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate the prevalence of TNFi‐induced psoriasis in JIA at two centers. Though larger studies are needed, our data suggest discontinuation of TNFi or biologic class switching should be considered as treatment strategies in select patients.
Massive transfusion associated with a hemolytic transfusion reaction: necessary precautions for prevention
Authors: Davis Christopher S. , Milia David , Gottschall Jerome L. , Weigelt John A. 
Published: June 2019

CASE REPORT: A 45‐year‐old male presented in severe hypovolemic shock after a thoracoabdominal gunshot wound. The massive transfusion protocol (MTP) was activated and the patient was taken to the operating room. His major injuries included liver, small bowel, and right common iliac vein. Hemorrhage was stopped and a damage control laparotomy was completed. He received a total of 113 blood products. During his postoperative course he received a group B blood transfusion on Hospital Days 2 and 7 based on incorrect blood typing late in his massive transfusion and repeat testing on Day 4.RESULTS: He succumbed to multiple organ failure on Day 8. MTPs are standard in most trauma centers during which universal donor red blood cells are initially used. As hemorrhage is controlled, the patient undergoes a complete type and cross according to blood banking protocols. These typing results are used to continue transfusions once the MTP is no longer needed. In contacting other blood banks servicing Level I trauma centers, the policy of when to switch from universal donor blood to crossmatched blood is variable.CONCLUSION: Our case illustrates a potential blood typing problem that had a disastrous outcome. We identified changes in policy that will make MTPs safer.