bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Profiling and Qualitative Assessment of Enzymatically and Thermally Oxidized Egg Yolk Phospholipids using a Two‐Step High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography Protocol
Authors: Parchem Karol , Kusznierewicz Barbara , Chmiel Tomasz , Maciołek Paulina , Bartoszek Agnieszka 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA two‐step high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the profiling and qualitative assessment of oxidized phospholipids (oxPL) present in foods was developed. The applicability of the investigated two‐step HPLC protocol was verified for separation of enzymatically and thermally oxidized hen egg yolk phospholipids (PL) as a relevant food model. In the first step, seven individual PL classes were separated using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC). The collected fractions of two main egg yolk PL classes—phosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidylcholines—were further directed to the second step of separation aimed at profiling and qualitative assessment of their oxidized species. For this purpose, the reverse phase (RP) chromatography coupled to charged aerosol, ultraviolet detection (UV) and mass spectrometry detection were employed. A database of potential oxPL including primary (hydroperoxides) and long‐chain secondary PL oxidation products (epoxides, alcohols, and ketones) as well as some of their possible combinations was created. Additionally, the results were compared with the profiles of PL hydroperoxides obtained using thin layer chromatography (TLC) with N,N‐dimethyl‐p‐phenylenediamine visualization.
Investigating Student Perceptions of a Dissection‐Based Undergraduate Gross Anatomy Course Using Q Methodology
Authors: Byram Jessica N. , Organ Jason M. , Yard Michael , Schmalz Naomi A. 
Published: April 2019

The demand for upper‐level undergraduate dissection‐based anatomy courses is growing, as professional programs require more advanced anatomy training prior to matriculation. To address this need, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM) partnered with Indiana University‐Purdue University Indianapolis—a large, urban, life science‐focused campus nearby to IUSM—to offer an undergraduate, dissection‐based course in regional gross anatomy. Because this is a new course, a deeper post‐course evaluation of student perceptions was conducted using Q methodology. In this study, Q methodology was used to evaluate student views of the overall course structure, pre‐laboratory materials and activities, assessments, and quality of instruction. Of the 15 students in the spring semester 2018 cohort, 80% (n = 12) participated in the evaluation, and 10 of those students followed up with written explanations for their rationale in selecting the four statements with which they most strongly agreed and disagreed. The Q methodology sorted the students into one of three statistically significant groups: Motivated Dissectors (n = 6), Traditional Students (n = 3), and Inspired Learners (n = 3). Motivated Dissectors and Inspired Learners felt strongly that the course did not encourage self‐directed learning and that the pre‐laboratory materials were not adequate to prepare them for quizzes. Traditional Students, however, disagreed, having a favorable opinion of the pre‐laboratory materials, even though this group felt most strongly that the amount of material covered in the course was overwhelming. This study demonstrates the utility of Q methodology to evaluate courses to elucidate student perspectives and inform future course modifications.
Triazine‐Cored Lanthanide‐Based Metal–Organic Frameworks Featuring Unique Water Chains and Strong Characteristic Emissions
Authors: Han Shu‐Guo , Zhang Yu‐Xiao , Cheng Jin‐Tian , Wu Xin‐Tao , Zhu Qi‐Long 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA new triazine‐cored tricarboxylic acid, N,N′,N“‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4,6‐triyltris(cis‐4‐aminocyclohexane‐carboxylic acid) (H3L), has been prepared by replacing the chlorine atoms of cyanuric chloride with cis‐4‐aminocyclohexane‐carboxylic acid, which has been used for the construction of a series of triazine‐cored lanthanide‐based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). All these MOFs were structurally authenticated, revealing that they are isostructural and exist as two‐dimensional (2D) coordination networks with the general formula [Ln(L)(H2O)2]⋅5.5 H2O (Ln=1⋅Gd, 2⋅Tb, 3⋅Eu). A unique one‐dimensional water chain, composed of primary tetrameric cyclic rings and dodecameric cyclic rings, has been found entrapped in the lattice. Moreover, all these compounds display bright characteristic photoluminescence. Particularly, for 1, apart from the strong blue emission peak (Φf=20.6 %) corresponding to the intraligand transition under near‐UV excitation, the characteristic emissions of Gd3+ cation (Φf=5.0 %) were unexpectedly observed upon excitation at 273 nm.
Angiogenin mutations in Hungarian patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Clinical, genetic, computational, and functional analyses
Authors: Tripolszki Kornélia , Danis Judit , Padhi Aditya K. , Gomes James , Bozó Renáta , Nagy Zsófia F. , Nagy Dóra , Klivényi Péter , Engelhardt József I. , Széll Márta 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionMutations in the angiogenin (ANG) gene are known to be associated with both familial and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The majority of disease‐causing mutations of ANG result in loss of either ribonucleolytic activity, nuclear translocation activity or both.MethodsWe sequenced ANG gene from a total of 136 sporadic ALS patients and 112 healthy controls of Hungarian origin. To elucidate the role of the R33W mutation in the disease mechanism, computational, and functional analyses were performed.ResultsMutation screening revealed a mutation located in the signal peptide (M‐24I) and two mutations that affect the mature protein (R33W, V103I). The R33W mutation, which has not been previously detected in ALS patients, affects the key amino acid of the nuclear translocation signal of the ANG protein. Molecular dynamics simulations suggested that the R33W mutation results in partial loss of ribonucleolytic activity and reduced nuclear translocation activity. The ribonucleolytic assay and nuclear translocation assay of the R33W ANG protein confirmed the molecular dynamics results.ConclusionsIn the Hungarian ALS population, the observed frequency of ANG mutations was 2.9%, which is higher than previously reported for sporadic cohorts. The evidence from computational and functional analyses support the deleterious effect of the novel R33W variant detected in this study.
DNA alteration‐based classification of uveal melanoma gives better prognostic stratification than immune infiltration, which has a neutral effect in high‐risk group
Authors: Narasimhaiah Deepti , Legrand Catherine , Damotte Diane , Remark Romain , Munda Marco , De Potter Patrick , Coulie Pierre G. , Vikkula Miikka , Godfraind Catherine 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn uveal melanomas, immune infiltration is a marker of poor prognosis. This work intended to decipher the biological characteristics of intra‐tumor immune population, compare it to other established biomarkers and to patients' outcome.MethodsPrimary, untreated, and mainly large uveal melanomas with retinal detachment were analyzed using: transcriptomic profiling (n = 15), RT‐qPCR (n = 36), immunohistochemistry (n = 89), Multiplex Ligation‐dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) for copy number alterations (CNA) analysis (n = 89), array‐CGH (n = 17), and survival statistics (n = 86).ResultsGene expression analysis divided uveal melanomas into two groups, according to the IFNγ/STAT1‐IRF1 pathway activation. Tumors with IFNγ‐signature had poorer prognosis and showed increased infiltration of CD8+ T lymphocytes and macrophages. Cox multivariate analyses of immune cell infiltration with MLPA data delineated better prognostic value for three prognostic groups (three‐tier stratification) than two (two‐tier stratification). CNA‐based model comprising monosomy 3, 8q amplification, and LZTS1and NBL1 deletions emerged as the best predictor for disease‐free survival. It outperformed immune cell infiltration in receiver operating characteristic curves. The model that combined CNA and immune infiltration defined risk‐groups according to the number of DNA alterations. Immune cell infiltration was increased in the high‐risk group (73.7%), where it did not correlate with patient survival, while it was associated with poorer outcome in the intermediate risk‐group.ConclusionsHigh degree of immune cell infiltration occurs in a subset of uveal melanomas, is interferon‐gamma‐related, and associated with poor survival. It allows for two‐tier stratification, which is prognostically less efficient than a three‐tier one. The best prognostic stratification is by CNA model with three risk‐groups where immune cell infiltration impacts only some subgroups.
Patent foramen ovale: What cardiologists and neurologists need to know
Authors: Tobis Jonathan M. 
Published: April 2019

Key Points

In the presence of a patent foramen ovale (PFO), a transient ischemic attack is indistinguishable from a complex migraine. Both have transient neurologic deficits with a normal MRI.
The size of a PFO by echo should not be a criterion for closure. A stroke or peripheral embolus associated with a PFO is the indication for closure.
Informed consent for PFO closure should include the warning that about 1 in 500 cases require device removal through open‐heart surgery.
Impact of COPD on outcomes in hospitalized patients treated with transcatheter aortic valve implantation or surgical aortic valve replacement in Spain
Authors: de Miguel‐Diez Javier , López‐de‐Andrés Ana , Hernández‐Barrera Valentín , Méndez‐Bailón Manuel , de Miguel‐Yanes José M. , Jiménez‐García Rodrigo 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo describe the use of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and conventional surgery (SAVR) among hospitalized patients with and without COPD, to compare the in‐hospital mortality (IHM), length of hospital stay (LOHS) and cost between patients with COPD undergoing TAVI and SAVR and to identify factors associated to IHM among these patients.BackgroundTAVI would be expected to be less invasive and safer than SAVR among COPD patients.MethodsWe analyzed patients whose medical procedures included TAVI and SAVR included in the Spanish National Hospital Discharge Database, 2014–2015. We stratified analysis by COPD status. Propensity score matching (1:2) was performed to assess the outcomes of TAVI vs. SAVR among COPD patients.ResultsWe identified 2,141 and 16,013 patients who underwent TAVI (27.60% with COPD) and SAVR (19.31% with COPD) respectively. For TAVI, we found no differences in IHM according to COPD status. Patients undergoing SAVR and suffering COPD had higher IHM than patients without COPD (adj.OR 1.32; 95%CI 1.10–1.58). After propensity score matching, IHM (8.35% vs. 5.83%, p = .040) and LOHS (18.62 days vs. 13.62; p < .001) were higher in COPD patients who underwent SAVR than those who underwent TAVI.ConclusionsCOPD patients undergoing TAVI did not have a worse prognosis compared to non‐COPD patients during hospitalization. However, for SAVR, patients with COPD had significantly higher mortality than patients without this condition. COPD patients who underwent SAVR had higher IHM and LOHS than propensity score matched TAVI patients.
DHGAN: Generative adversarial network with dark channel prior for single‐image dehazing
Authors: Wu Wenxia , Zhu Jinxiu , Su Xin , Zhang Xuewu 
Published: April 2019

SummaryImage dehazing technology has attracted much interest in the field of image processing. Most existing dehazing methods based on neural networks are inflexible and do not consider the loss in haze‐related feature space. They sacrificed texture details and perceptual characteristics in images. To overcome these weaknesses, we propose an image‐to‐image dehazing model based on generative adversarial networks (DHGAN) with dark channel prior. The DHGAN takes a hazy image as input and directly outputs a haze‐free image by applying a U‐net‐based generator. In addition to pixelwise loss and perceptual loss, we introduce dark‐channel‐minimizing loss to constrain the generated images to the manifold of natural images, thus leading to better texture details and perceptual properties. Comparative experiments on benchmark images with several state‐of‐the‐art dehazing methods demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed DHGAN.
Cognitive security paradigm for cloud computing applications
Authors: Ogiela Lidia , Ogiela Marek R. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThis article presents new paradigms of confidential data protection. New classes of paradigms are dedicated to enhancing the already‐known cryptographic solutions belonging to the group of data sharing schemes. Data sharing schemes are dedicated to executing data protection tasks by means of splitting data into parts (called shadows) and distributing those shadows among a group of secret trustees. This process is enriched by linguistic and biometric solutions to guarantee protection of the shared data by means of biometric labeling or by means of user verification with the application of meaning interpretation of individual secret parts. The novelty in this solution is in the application of cognitive algorithms to describe correctly the shared secret. Cognitive paradigms guarantee an execution of information concealment protocols and their division at various levels of knowledge held by individual protocol participants. The paradigms of cognitive description of the concealed data have been introduced into a new class of data sharing protocols, ie, into the linguistic‐biometric threshold schemes. A special feature of the proposed solution is its universality, which is a possibility to apply the here‐discussed threshold schemes in the processes of data concealment with varying importance. At the same time, this solution can be applied to execute data protection tasks against unauthorized acquisition or disclosure. This paper will present also the possibilities of application of the paradigms presented here to conceal data dedicated to the data management processes.
Unveiling Electrochemical Reaction Pathways of CO2 Reduction to CN Species at S‐Vacancies of MoS2
Authors: Kang Sungwoo , Han Seungwu , Kang Youngho 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAlthough C1 species such as CO and CH4 constitute the majority of CO2 reduction (CO2 R) products on known catalysts, recent experiments showed that 1‐propanol with two C−C bonds is produced as the main CO2 R product on MoS2 single crystals in aqueous electrolytes. Herein, the CO2 R mechanism on MoS2 is investigated by using first‐principle calculations. Focusing on S‐vacancies (VS) as the catalytic site, potential free‐energy pathways to various CO2 R products are obtained by means of a computational hydrogen electrode model. The results underline the role of HCHO, which is one of the elemental C1 products, in opening pathways to CN species for N>1. Key steps to increase C−C bonds are the adsorption of HCHO at the VS site and binding of another HCHO to the adsorbed one. The predicted products and theoretical working potentials to open their pathways are consistent with experiments, which indicates that VS is an important active site for CO2 R on the MoS2 basal plane.
Salinity, microbe and carbonate mineral relationships in brackish and hypersaline lake sediments: A case study from the tropical Pacific coral atoll of Kiritimati
Authors: Schmitt Susan , Conroy Jessica L. , Flynn Theodore M. , Sanford Robert A. , Higley Melinda C. , Chen Mingfei , Fouke Bruce W. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMicrobiological activity can exert a substantial influence on carbonate mineral precipitation, but linking specific microbiological processes to carbonate minerals in an environmental setting is complex, as both abiotic and biotic factors ultimately influence carbonate mineral precipitation. The coral atoll of Kiritimati, Republic of Kiribati (1.9°N, 157.4°W), in the central tropical Pacific Ocean, contains hundreds of shallow water brackish to hypersaline lakes that contain a range of carbonate and evaporite minerals. Previous studies of Kiritimati lakes have investigated the microbial communities of finely laminated microbial mats and associated microbialites found in several of the more hypersaline lakes on the island. However, the microbial communities of the more brackish lakes are unknown. These brackish lakes precipitate metres of fine‐grained carbonate muds, which are useful for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. Here, the relationships between carbonate abundance, mineralogy, water chemistry, and bacterial and archaeal communities are investigated in a suite of brackish to hypersaline lakes (8.7‐190 ppt) on Kiritimati. Next generation 16S rRNA gene sequencing of bacteria and archaea indicate that brackish lake sediments contain distinct microbial communities. In relation to carbonate precipitation, the relative abundance of Cyanobacteria, Choloroflexi and Deltaproteobacteria is greater in the brackish lake sediments, suggesting photosynthesis and sulphate reduction associated with these taxa may strongly influence alkalinity and carbonate precipitation in brackish lakes. The presence of dolomite in certain hypersaline lakes also coincided with the presence of a methanogenic family, indicating that methogenesis may contribute to dolomite precipitation in these lakes.
Evaluation of introgressive hybridization among Cervidae in Japan's Kinki District via two novel genetic markers developed from public NGS data
Authors: Matsumoto Yuki , Takagi Toshihito , Koda Ryosuke , Tanave Akira , Yamashiro Asuka , Tamate Hidetoshi B. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHybridization and backcrossing of native populations with introduced species can lead to introgression and genetic alteration. In this study, we evaluated introgression in 43 deer from a potential hybrid zone around Okinoshima Island, Kinki District, Japan. This region witnessed the migration of a hybrid population (cross between the Formosan sika deer [Cervus nippon taiouanus] and other deer species) that could potentially breed with the native Japanese sika deer (C. n. centralis). We used an existing genetic marker for the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and two novel markers for nuclear DNA, developed using publicly available next‐generation sequencing data. We identified one mainland deer with a mitochondrial haplotype identical to that of the Formosan sika deer as well as nuclear heterozygous sequences identical to those of Formosan and Japanese sika deer. This suggests that the mainland deer is a hybrid offspring of the Okinoshima population and native deer. However, only Japanese sika deer sequences were found in the other 42 samples, indicating limited introgression. Nevertheless, hybridization pre‐ and postintroduction in the Okinoshima population could cause multispecies introgression among Japanese sika deer, negatively affecting genetic integrity. We developed a simple test based on polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism to detect introgression in natural populations. Our method can accelerate genetic monitoring of Japanese sika deer in Kinki District. In conclusion, to prevent further introgression and maintain genetic integrity of Japanese sika deer, we recommend establishing fences around Okinoshima Island to limit migration, besides a continued genetic monitoring of the native deer.
Infection sequence alters disease severity—Effects of the sequential exposure of two larval trematodes to Polypedates cruciger tadpoles
Authors: Pathirana Nuwandi U. K. , Meegaskumbura Madhava , Rajakaruna Rupika S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMultiple pathogens coexist in nature, and hence, host species often encounter several pathogens simultaneously. The sequence in which the host encounters the parasites influences interactions between parasites and host pathology. Here, the effects of infection by two cercaria (larvae of trematodes) types, pleurolophocercous cercaria of Acanthostomum burminis and a furcocercous cercaria, on the tadpoles of common hourglass tree frog (Polypedates cruciger) were examined. Ten days posthatch, tadpoles (Gosner stage 27/28) were used for infection exposures. First, in a single infection each cercaria type was introduced to the tadpoles separately. Second, coinfection of the two cercaria was carried out by alternating the sequences of exposure. For all the experiments, appropriate controls were instituted. Tadpoles of all groups exposed to parasites had lower survival levels compared to controls. Among the four groups exposed, the highest survival was observed in the coinfection when furcocercous was introduced first (82.5%). The lowest survival was observed in the coinfection when the A. burminis cercaria was introduced first (65.0%). In the coinfections, when A. burminis was introduced prior to furcocercous, survival of the tadpoles was reduced by 17.0% compared to the exposures of furcocercous prior to A. burminis. Prior infection with A. burminis induced negative effect on the host with an increased infection severity, while prior infection with furcocercous had reduced infection severity than lone exposures. These results suggest that furcocercous infections can be beneficial for hosts challenged with A. burminis provided that A. burminis exposure occurs second. None of the treatments had an effect on the growth of the tadpoles, but lengthening of developmental period was observed in some exposures. All exposed tadpoles developed malformations which were exclusively axial—kyphosis and scoliosis. However, there was no difference in the number of malformed individuals in the single infection (19.0%–25.0%) compared to coinfection (20.0%–22.5%) or between coinfections. The results suggest that the sequence of parasite exposure affects host–parasite interactions and hence the disease outcomes. Understanding the effects of coinfection on disease outcomes for hosts provides insight into disease dynamics.
Interactions between ecological factors in the developmental environment modulate pupal and adult traits in a polyphagous fly
Authors: Nguyen Binh , Ponton Fleur , Than Anh , Taylor Phillip W. , Chapman Toni , Morimoto Juliano 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

In holometabolous insects, adult fitness depends on the quantity and quality of resource acquired at the larval stage. Diverse ecological factors can influence larval resource acquisition, but little is known about how these factors in the larval environment interact to modulate larval development and adult traits.

Here, we addressed this gap by considering how key ecological factors of larval density, diet nutritional composition, and microbial growth interact to modulate pupal and adult traits in a polyphagous tephritid fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (aka “Queensland fruit fly”).

Larvae were allowed to develop at two larval densities (low and high), on diets that were protein‐rich, standard, or sugar‐rich and prepared with or without preservatives to inhibit or encourage microbial growth, respectively.

Percentage of adult emergence and adult sex ratio were not affected by the interaction between diet composition, larval density, and preservative treatments, although low preservative content increased adult emergence in sugar‐rich diets but decreased adult emergence in protein‐rich and standard diets.

Pupal weight, male and female adult dry weight, and female (but not male) body energetic reserves were affected by a strong three‐way interaction between diet composition, larval density, and preservative treatment, whereby in general, low preservative content increased pupal weight and female lipid storage in sugar‐rich diets particularly at low‐larval density and differentially modulated the decrease in adult body weight caused by larval density across diets.

Our findings provide insights into the ecological factors modulating larval development of a polyphagous fly species and shed light into the ecological complexity of the larval developmental environment in frugivorous insects.