bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rural-urban disparities and trends in cancer screening: an analysis of Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data (2018-2022)
Authors: Benavidez Gabriel A , Sedani Ami E , Felder Tisha M , Asare Matthew , Rogers Charles R 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Despite evidence of the benefit of routine cancer screenings, data show a concerning decline in cancer screening uptake for multiple cancers. This analysis aimed to examine rural-urban differences in recent trends for being up-to-date with screenings for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers.

Methods
We used 2018, 2020, and 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data to assess up-to-date cancer screening status among eligible adults in the United States. We calculated weighted prevalence estimates overall and stratified by county-level rural-urban classification. We used survey-weighted multivariable logistic regression models to examine rural-urban disparities in cancer screening up-to-date status by year.

Results
Prevalence of being up-to-date with each cancer screening was lower in 2022 than it was in 2018. The largest decline in screening overall was for cervical cancer, which dropped from 81.89% in 2018 to 47.71% in 2022. Rural-urban disparities were observed for breast cancer screening from 2018 to 2022, with the odds of up-to-date screening being 14% to 27% lower for rural populations than for urban populations. For colorectal and cervical cancers, the odds of being up-to-date with screenings were lower for rural populations in 2018 and 2020, but no statistically significant difference was observed in 2022 (colorectal screening odds ratio = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.90 to 1.02; cervical screening odds ratio = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.93 to 1.03).

Conclusion
There is a concerning trend of decreasing uptake of cancer screenings that will challenge future efforts in cancer prevention and control. There is a need to better understand the factors contributing to the decline in cancer screening update.
Depth-dependent bacterial colonization on model chitin particles in the open ocean
Authors: Roberts Cordelia , Bird Kimberley , Chrismas Nathan , Hartman Susan , Cunliffe Michael 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Sinking particles transport carbon from the surface to the deep ocean. Microbial colonization and remineralization are important ecosystem services constraining ocean biogeochemistry by recycling and redistributing nutrients from the surface to the deep ocean. Fragmentation of particles by zooplankton and the resulting colonization by microorganisms before ingestion, known as ‘microbial gardening’, allows for trophic upgrading and increased microbial biomass for detritivorous zooplankton. Using model chitin particles incubated with seawater collected from the surface, mesopelagic and bathypelagic depths in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean, we determined particle-attaching bacterial communities to identify general and depth-specific candidates of particle colonization. Comparison of particle-attached communities at the amplicon sequence variant level showed that bacteria found on surface particles were also colonizers in the bathypelagic, in line with sinking particles promoting vertical connectivity. Bathypelagic particle-attached communities were most diverse. We propose that some particle colonizers attach to the surface and sink out with the particle, whilst other colonizers are depth-specific. This suggests that candidates for particle colonization differ with depth, which may be important when considering the implications for the delivery of ecosystem services, including carbon cycling and the role they play for zooplankton grazers.
Negative Social Exchanges are Associated With More Severe Depressive Symptoms Above and Beyond the Effects of Positive Social Exchanges in Male U.S. Service Members and Veterans
Authors: Shah Rishika V , Blais Rebecca K 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Risk for depression is heightened among male service members/veterans relative to civilians. Research suggests social support protects service members/veterans from depressive symptoms, but most studies focus on positive social support. Negative social support, which can include unwanted emotional involvement or social negativity, could be more impactful on depressive symptoms than positive; however, this has not been examined in military samples. Moreover, it is unclear whether positive interactions buffer the effects of negative interactions.

Materials and Methods
SM/Vs (N = 508) were recruited online using convenience sampling and completed demographics, and measures of depression and social exchange frequencies, a metric of positive and negative social support. This secondary data analysis was drawn from a parent study that was approved by an institutional review board. A correlation comparison calculator compared the strength of bivariate associations of positive social exchanges and negative social exchanges with depression. Linear regression examined the simultaneous effects of positive and negative social exchanges, and subsequently examined whether positive social exchanges moderated the association of negative social exchanges and depression.

Results
The positive bivariate association of negative exchanges and depression (r = 0.48, P &lt; .001) was statistically stronger than the negative bivariate association of positive exchanges and depression (r = −0.40, P &lt; .001). A regression analysis revealed that higher negative exchanges were positively associated with depression (partial r = 0.40, P &lt; .001) and higher positive exchanges were negatively associated with depression (partial r = −0.32, P &lt; .001) after accounting for covariates, but positive exchanges did not mitigate the association of negative exchanges and depression (P &gt; .05).

Conclusions
Decreasing the frequency of negative social exchanges is associated with lower depressive symptoms and may have a stronger relationship with depression than positive exchanges, suggesting independent pathways to depression. Longitudinal assessments are needed to determine the potential directionality of these relationships and to address the limitations associated with convenience sampling and cross-sectional data collection.
Low-mass contact binaries: orbital stability at extreme low mass ratios
Authors: Wadhwa Surjit S , Landin Natália R , Arbutina Bojan , Tothill Nicholas F H , De Horta Ain Y , Filipović Miroslav D , Petrović Jelena , Djurašević Gojko 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
With the ever-increasing number of light-curve solutions of contact binary systems, an increasing number of potential bright red nova progenitors are being reported. There remains, however, only one confirmed event. In this study, we undertake a comprehensive review of the orbital stability of contact binary systems, considering the effects of the stellar internal composition (metallicity) and age on the evolution of the gyration radius and its effect on the instability mass ratio of contact binaries. We find that both metallicity and age have an independent effect on orbital stability, with metal-poor and older systems being more stable. The combined effects of age and metallicity are quite profound, such that for most systems with primaries of solar mass or greater, which are halfway or more through the main-sequence lifespans have instability mass ratios at levels where the secondary component would be below the hydrogen fusion mass limit. We find that from the currently available solutions we cannot confidently assign any system as unstable. Although we identify eight potential red nova progenitors, all have methodological or astrophysical concerns, which lowers our confidence in designating any of them as potential merger candidates.
First on-sky interference fringes at 810 nm with the CHARA array using servo controlled hectometric outdoor fibre links
Authors: Magri Julie , Grossard Ludovic , Reynaud François , Fabert Marc , Lehmann Lucien , Delage Laurent , Ligon Robert , Vargas Norm , Majoinen Olli , ten Brummelaar Theo , Farrington Christopher D , Scott Nicholas J , Anugu Narsireddy , Schaefer Gail , Gies Douglas , Woods Craig , Golden Steve , Castillo Victor , Anderson Matt , Krawczyk Rodolphe , Le Duigou Jean-Michel 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
In the framework of the ALOHA (Astronomical Light Optical Hybrid Analysis) project, we have implemented a fibre-linked interferometer connecting two telescopes of the CHARA (Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy) array to the recombination beam facility using servo controlled hectometric outdoor fibres (240 m). During two consecutive nights, on-sky fringes at 810 nm were recorded on the star Vega (mag 0), with servo control of the fibre lengths. The optical path difference was set close to zero using internal fringes found before the on-sky observations. The repeatability of the delay line position offset between internal and on-sky fringes was less than 0.2 mm. The efficiency of the servo control systems has been demonstrated, leading to an enhancement of the signal-to-noise ratio from 68.9 with the servo off to 91.6 with the servo on. This result is a cornerstone for the ALOHA project goal of interferometry at 3.5 $\mu$m and a seminal step for the future kilometric infrared fibre-linked interferometer at CHARA.
A hidden active galactic nucleus population: the first radio luminosity functions constructed by physical process
Authors: Morabito Leah K , Kondapally R , Best P N , Yue B -H , de Jong J M G H J , Sweijen F , Bondi Marco , Schwarz Dominik J , Smith D J B , van Weeren R J , Röttgering H J A , Shimwell T W , Prandoni Isabella 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Both star formation (SF) and active galactic nuclei (AGNs) play an important role in galaxy evolution. Statistically quantifying their relative importance can be done using radio luminosity functions (RLFs). Until now these relied on galaxy classifications, where sources with a mixture of radio emission from SF and AGN are labelled as either a star-forming galaxy or an AGN. This can cause the misestimation of the relevance of AGN. Brightness temperature measurements at 144 MHz with the International LOw Frequency ARray telescope can separate radio emission from AGN and SF. We use the combination of sub-arcsec and arcsec resolution imaging of 7497 sources in the Lockman Hole and ELAIS-N1 fields to identify AGN components in the sub-arcsec resolution images and subtract them from the total flux density, leaving flux density from SF only. We construct, for the first time, RLFs by physical process, either SF or AGN activity, revealing a hidden AGN population at $L_{\textrm {144 MHz}}$$\lt 10^{24}$ W Hz$^{-1}$. This population is 1.56 $\pm$ 0.06 more than expected for $0.5\lt z\lt 2.0$ when comparing to RLFs by galaxy classification. The star-forming population has only 0.90 $\pm$ 0.02 of the expected SF. These ‘hidden’ AGNs can have significant implications for the cosmic SF rate and kinetic luminosity densities.
Alterations in zinc, copper, and iron levels in the retina and brain of Alzheimer's disease patients and the APP/PS1 mouse model
Authors: Hosseinpour Mashkani Seyed Mostafa , Bishop David P , Westerhausen Mika T , Adlard Paul A , Golzan S Mojtaba 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Transition metals like copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) are vital for normal central nervous system function and are also linked to neurodegeneration, particularly in the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Their alterations in AD, identified prior to amyloid plaque aggregation, offer a unique target for staging pre-amyloid AD. However, analysing their levels in the brain is extremely challenging, necessitating the development of alternative approaches. Here, we utilized laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry and solution nebulization–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry to quantitatively measure Cu, Fe, and Zn concentrations in the retina and hippocampus samples obtained from human donors (i.e. AD and healthy controls), and in the amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) mouse model of AD and wild-type (WT) controls, aged 9 and 18 months. Our findings revealed significantly elevated Cu, Fe, and Zn levels in the retina (*P &lt; .05, P &lt; .01, and P &lt; .001) and hippocampus (*P &lt; .05, *P &lt; .05, and *P &lt; .05) of human AD samples compared to healthy controls. Conversely, APP/PS1 mouse models exhibited notably lower metal levels in the same regions compared to WT mice—Cu, Fe, and Zn levels in the retina (**P &lt; .01, *P &lt; .05, and *P &lt; .05) and hippocampus (**P &lt; .01, **P &lt; .01, and *P &lt; .05). The contrasting metal profiles in human and mouse samples, yet similar patterns within each species’ retina and brain, suggest the retina mirrors cerebral metal dyshomoeostasis in AD. Our findings lay the groundwork for staging pre-AD pathophysiology through assessment of transition metal levels in the retina.
Early Mortality and Health Care Costs in Patients Recently Diagnosed With Kaposi Sarcoma at the National Cancer Institute, Mexico City
Authors: Carpio-Guadarrama Daniel , Camiro-Zúñiga Antonio , Pérez-Dorame Renzo , Martin-Onraët Alexandra , García-Escutia Diana , Mendoza-Palacios María José , Volkow-Fernández Patricia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a marker of advanced HIV disease; it is still the most frequent AIDS-associated malignancy in Mexico despite universal access to antiretroviral therapy, reflecting a gap in early HIV diagnosis.

Methods
The objectives of the study were to describe people with HIV with KS who died within 30 days of admission at INCan (National Cancer Institute) and to quantify resources and years of life lost (YLL). We collected demographic data, HIV-related variables, all diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, hospitalizations, and estimated YLL and disability-adjusted life years.

Results
Eighteen (6.7%) people with HIV with KS from 270 patients admitted at INCan from 2014 to 2021 were included. The median age was 31 years (IQR 27–36), and the median days from admission to death and from HIV diagnosis to death were 15 (IQR, 6–24) and 73 (IQR, 30–857), respectively. Upon admission, the median HIV viral load was 314 476 copies/mL (IQR, 140 709–695 613); CD4+ T cells, 93 cells/mL (IQR 35–124); and CD4/CD8 ratio, 0.08 (IQR, 0.06–0.12). Coinfections were diagnosed in 14 (77.7%) patients. The average expenditure per patient was US $7685.99 USD, and the total YLL was 737.4 with a median 42 years (IQR, 37.7–47) per patient. The total care cost was US $183 947.48, equivalent to a screening program in key populations, which would have allowed the early detection of 1227 cases and saved 8410 disability-adjusted life years.

Conclusions
Reinforcement of early HIV infection detection in key population programs should be prioritized to reduce KS-associated deaths and YLL and for rational use of health budgets.
Evolution in the diagnosis and treatment of carcinoma of unknown primary: a multicenter Canadian analysis
Authors: Wong Boaz , Liu Jessica , Yeo Sarah , Akurang Deborah , Lo Alexandra , Xu Ying Hui , Wang Ying , Welch Stephen , Wheatley-Price Paul 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Guidelines for the management of patients with cancer of unknown primary (CUP), who have metastatic disease without an identified primary tumor site, have evolved. We sought to describe the diagnostic work-up and outcomes of patients with CUP in Canada over the last decade. We also sought to identify factors associated with improved prognosis in CUP, including primary tumor site identification, identification of “favorable subtypes,” and concordance with published guidelines.

Methods
With ethics board approval, patients with histologically confirmed CUP between 2012 and 2021 in 3 Canadian cancer centers were reviewed and clinicopathological variables retrospectively collected. The primary endpoint was to describe significant trends in CUP diagnosis and management over the decade using linear regression models. Univariable (UVA) and multivariable (MVA) logistic regression analyses identified variables correlated with primary site identification and overall survival (OS). Kaplan–Meier curves with the log-rank test were used to compare OS outcomes.

Results
In total, 907 patients were included, with a median follow-up of 5.1 months. There was an increase in both 5-year survival and identification of primary tumors over the decade. Diagnostic tests including next-generation sequencing were independently associated with primary site identification on UVA. However, primary site identification was not found to be predictive of survival; instead, patients with “favorable subtypes” of CUP had significantly longer OS.

Conclusions
Survival in patients with CUP in Canada has been increasing over the last decade. Identifying the primary site does not influence survival, and efforts should be focused on discovering novel “favorable subtypes” which have superior outcomes.
microRNA858 represses the transcription factor gene SbMYB47 and regulates flavonoid biosynthesis in Scutellaria baicalensis
Authors: Yang Jiaxin , Lu Xiayang , Hu Suying , Yang Xiaozeng , Cao Xiaoyan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding endogenous single-stranded RNAs that regulate target gene expression by reducing their transcription and translation. Several miRNAs in plants function in secondary metabolism. The dried root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is a traditional Chinese medicine that contains flavonoids (baicalin, wogonoside, and baicalein) as its main active ingredients. Although the S. baicalensis genome sequence has been published, information regarding its miRNAs is lacking. In this study, 12 small RNA libraries of different S. baicalensis tissues were compiled, including roots, stems, leaves, and flowers. A total of 129 miRNAs were identified, including 99 miRNAs from 27 miRNA families and 30 predicted miRNAs. Furthermore, 46 reliable target genes of 15 miRNA families were revealed using psRNATarget and confirmed by degradome sequencing. It was speculated that the microRNA858 (miR858)–SbMYB47 module might be involved in flavonoid biosynthesis. Transient assays in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves indicated that miR858 targets SbMYB47 and suppresses its expression. Artificial miRNA-mediated knockdown of miR858 and overexpression of SbMYB47 significantly increased the flavonoid content in S. baicalensis hairy roots, while SbMYB47 knockdown inhibited flavonoid accumulation. Yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays indicated that SbMYB47 directly binds to and activates the S. baicalensis phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 3 (SbPAL-3) and flavone synthase II (SbFNSⅡ-2) promoters. Our findings reveal the link between the miR858–SbMYB47 module and flavonoid biosynthesis, providing a potential strategy for the production of flavonoids with important pharmacological activities through metabolic engineering.
Processes independent of nonphotochemical quenching protect a high-light-tolerant desert alga from oxidative stress
Authors: Levin Guy , Yasmin Michael , Liran Oded , Hanna Rawad , Kleifeld Oded , Horev Guy , Wollman Francis-André , Schuster Gadi , Nawrocki Wojciech J 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) mechanisms are crucial for protecting photosynthesis from photoinhibition in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, and their modulation is a long-standing goal for improving photosynthesis and crop yields. The current work demonstrates that Chlorella ohadii, a green microalga that thrives in the desert under high light intensities that are fatal to many photosynthetic organisms does not perform nor require NPQ to protect photosynthesis under constant high light. Instead of dissipating excess energy, it minimizes its uptake by eliminating the photosynthetic antenna of photosystem II. In addition, it accumulates antioxidants that neutralize harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increases cyclic electron flow around PSI. These NPQ-independent responses proved efficient in preventing ROS accumulation and reducing oxidative damage to proteins in high-light-grown cells.
The Q2 approach for percutaneous peripheral neuromodulation stimulator implantation targeting the C2 dorsal root ganglion at the C2 lamina for treatment of intractable headache: a technical note
Authors: Chen QiLiang , Qian Xiang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Despite significant medical treatment advancements, interventional treatments for intractable headache disorders are limited. This study’s objective is to detail a novel percutaneous approach (the “Q2 approach”) and its technical considerations for implanting peripheral neuromodulation stimulators (PNS) to the C2 dorsal root ganglion (C2-DRG) at the C2 lamina, a previously unattempted target, as a treatment for intractable headache.

Methods
In an outpatient setting, under combined ultrasound and fluoroscopic guidance, PNS electrodes were percutaneously implanted at the C2-DRG in patients under moderate sedation. The final electrode position was determined by intraoperative patient feedback to ensure optimal stimulation. Four patients were included to demonstrate technical parameters and feasibility. Follow-ups were conducted on postoperative days 10, 30, 60, and 100–120.

Results
The Q2 approach allows safe C2-DRG PNS implantations in an outpatient setting. Average operative duration was &lt;60 minutes. All 4 patients achieved &gt;50% pain relief during the 60-day implant period, and 3 of 4 demonstrated sustained benefit beyond the implant period. No complications (eg, lead migration, infection) were observed.

Conclusions
The present technical note demonstrates the feasibility of a novel, safe, minimally invasive approach to access the C2-DRG at the C2 lamina for the treatment of intractable headaches. The use of PNS on the C2-DRG fills an important gap in headache management, as it provides an alternative neuromodulation treatment modality to the existing destruction/denervation-based techniques.
The intersectionality of chronic pain stigma and racial discrimination in Black and White adults with chronic low back pain
Authors: Wilson Jenna M , Booker Staja Q , Goodin Burel R , Thomas Pavithra A , Sorge Robert E , Quinn Tammie L , Morris Matthew C , Aroke Edwin N , Meints Samantha M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective
We examined the intersection between chronic pain stigma and racial discrimination, separately among Black and White US adults with chronic low back pain.

Methods
Participants completed measures of chronic pain stigma, lifetime experiences of racial discrimination, pain severity and interference. A composite variable representing the intersectionality of stigma and discrimination was created, and Black and White participants were separately categorized into 4 groups. Black participants were categorized as: (1) high discrimination/high stigma, (2) high discrimination/low stigma, (3) low discrimination/high stigma, and (4) low discrimination/low stigma. White participants were categorized as: (1) any discrimination/high stigma, (2) any discrimination/low stigma, (3) no discrimination/high stigma, and (4) no discrimination/low stigma.

Results
Black participants reported more frequent experiences of racial discrimination than White participants (P &lt; .05), but there was not a racial difference in chronic pain stigma (P &gt; .05). Among Black participants, those in the high discrimination/high stigma and low discrimination/high stigma groups reported greater pain severity and interference than those in the high discrimination/low stigma and low discrimination/low stigma groups (P &lt; .05). Among White participants, those in the any discrimination/high stigma group reported greater pain severity and interference than those in the no discrimination/low stigma group (P &lt; .05), but there were no differences in pain severity or interference between the any discrimination/no stigma and no discrimination/high stigma groups (P &gt; .05).

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that the relationship of intersectional chronic pain stigma and racial discrimination with pain is nuanced and differs across racial groups.