bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide microRNA screening in Nile tilapia reveals pervasive isomiRs’ transcription, sex-biased arm switching and increasing complexity of expression throughout development
Authors: Pinhal Danillo , Bovolenta Luiz A. , Moxon Simon , Oliveira Arthur C. , Nachtigall Pedro G. , Acencio Marcio L. , Patton James G. , Hilsdorf Alexandre W. S. , Lemke Ney , Martins Cesar 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression in multicellular organisms. The elucidation of miRNA function and evolution depends on the identification and characterization of miRNA repertoire of strategic organisms, as the fast-evolving cichlid fishes. Using RNA-seq and comparative genomics we carried out an in-depth report of miRNAs in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), an emergent model organism to investigate evo-devo mechanisms. Five hundred known miRNAs and almost one hundred putative novel vertebrate miRNAs have been identified, many of which seem to be teleost-specific, cichlid-specific or tilapia-specific. Abundant miRNA isoforms (isomiRs) were identified with modifications in both 5p and 3p miRNA transcripts. Changes in arm usage (arm switching) of nine miRNAs were detected in early development, adult stage and even between male and female samples. We found an increasing complexity of miRNA expression during ontogenetic development, revealing a remarkable synchronism between the rate of new miRNAs recruitment and morphological changes. Overall, our results enlarge vertebrate miRNA collection and reveal a notable differential ratio of miRNA arms and isoforms influenced by sex and developmental life stage, providing a better picture of the evolutionary and spatiotemporal dynamics of miRNAs.
Simple prebiotic synthesis of high diversity dynamic combinatorial polyester libraries
Authors: Chandru Kuhan , Guttenberg Nicholas , Giri Chaitanya , Hongo Yayoi , Butch Christopher , Mamajanov Irena , Cleaves H. James 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIt is widely believed that the origin of life depended on environmentally driven complexification of abiotically produced organic compounds. Polymerization is one type of such complexification, and it may be important that many diverse polymer sequences be produced for the sake of selection. Not all compound classes are easily polymerized under the environmental conditions present on primitive planets, and it is possible that life’s origin was aided by other monomers besides those used in contemporary biochemistry. Here we show that alpha-hydroxy acids, which are plausibly abundant prebiotic monomers, can be oligomerized to generate vast, likely sequence-complete libraries, which are also stable for significant amounts of time. This occurs over a variety of reaction conditions (temperature, concentration, salinity, and presence of congeners) compatible with geochemical settings on the primitive Earth and other solar system environments. The high-sequence heterogeneity achievable with these compounds may be useful for scaffolding the origin of life.
A reconstruction of global hydroclimate and dynamical variables over the Common Era
Authors: Steiger Nathan J. , Smerdon Jason E. , Cook Edward R. , Cook Benjamin I. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHydroclimate extremes critically affect human and natural systems, but there remain many unanswered questions about their causes and how to interpret their dynamics in the past and in climate change projections. These uncertainties are due, in part, to the lack of long-term, spatially resolved hydroclimate reconstructions and information on the underlying physical drivers for many regions. Here we present the first global reconstructions of hydroclimate and associated climate dynamical variables over the past two thousand years. We use a data assimilation approach tailored to reconstruct hydroclimate that optimally combines 2,978 paleoclimate proxy-data time series with the physical constraints of an atmosphere—ocean climate model. The global reconstructions are annually or seasonally resolved and include two spatiotemporal drought indices, near-surface air temperature, an index of North Atlantic variability, the location of the intertropical convergence zone, and monthly Niño indices. This database, called the Paleo Hydrodynamics Data Assimilation product (PHYDA), will provide a critical new platform for investigating the causes of past climate variability and extremes, while informing interpretations of future hydroclimate projections.
HormoneBase, a population-level database of steroid hormone levels across vertebrates
Authors: Vitousek Maren N. , Johnson Michele A. , Donald Jeremy W. , Francis Clinton D. , Fuxjager Matthew J. , Goymann Wolfgang , Hau Michaela , Husak Jerry F. , Kircher Bonnie K. , Knapp Rosemary , Martin Lynn B. , Miller Eliot T. , Schoenle Laura A. , Uehling Jennifer J. , Williams Tony D. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHormones are central regulators of organismal function and flexibility that mediate a diversity of phenotypic traits from early development through senescence. Yet despite these important roles, basic questions about how and why hormone systems vary within and across species remain unanswered. Here we describe HormoneBase, a database of circulating steroid hormone levels and their variation across vertebrates. This database aims to provide all available data on the mean, variation, and range of plasma glucocorticoids (both baseline and stress-induced) and androgens in free-living and un-manipulated adult vertebrates. HormoneBase (www.HormoneBase.org) currently includes >6,580 entries from 476 species, reported in 648 publications from 1967 to 2015, and unpublished datasets. Entries are associated with data on the species and population, sex, year and month of study, geographic coordinates, life history stage, method and latency of hormone sampling, and analysis technique. This novel resource could be used for analyses of the function and evolution of hormone systems, and the relationships between hormonal variation and a variety of processes including phenotypic variation, fitness, and species distributions.
Influence of ZnO thin film crystallinity on in vitro biocompatibility
Authors: Lewinski Nastassja A. , Avrutin Vitaliy , Izadi Tanin , Secondo Lynn E. , Ullah Md. Barkat , Özgür Ümit , Morkoç Hadis , Topsakal Erdem 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This study evaluated the cytocompatibility of single- and poly-crystalline ZnO thin films using extract and direct contact methods. Exposure to poly-crystalline ZnO extract resulted in reduced cell viability, on average 82%/70% as measured by MTS/LDH assays, respectively. Direct exposure to both single- and poly-crystalline ZnO thin films resulted in reduced cell viability, which was attributed to anoikis due to inhibition of cell adhesion to the substrate by zinc. Intracellular zinc imaging suggests that single crystalline ZnO thin films do not result in a significant change in intracellular zinc concentrations. Overall, the results suggest that single-crystalline ZnO thin films have better short-term (24 h) cytocompatibility and support their potential to serve as a biocompatible sensor material.
Intradialytische Ernährung
Authors: Brodmann Doreen 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungMangelernährung ist sowohl in der nierengesunden Bevölkerung als auch bei Dialysepatienten häufig. Je nach untersuchtem Parameter sind ca. 20–60 % der
Dialysepatienten von dieser – bei dieser Patientengruppe Protein-Energy-Wasting (PEW) genannten – Erkrankung betroffen. Nach Diagnosestellung stellt neben der
Minimierung Mangelernährung begünstigender Faktoren wie z. B. chronischer Infekte, Schluckstörungen, sozialer Ursachen und viele mehr die Steigerung und
Sicherstellung der Kalorien- und Eiweißzufuhr eine große Herausforderung bei diesen meist schwachen und appetitlosen Patienten dar. Die Möglichkeiten zur
Optimierung der Ernährung während der Hämodialyse (intradialytische Ernährung) umfassen neben der Bereitstellung einer hochwertigen und möglichst eiweißreichen
Mahlzeit zur Minimierung der Katabolie die Anreicherung der Nahrung mit Maltodextrin oder Eiweißkonzentraten, die IDEE (intradialytische enterale Ernährung) und
die IDPE (intradialytische parenterale Ernährung). Jedoch stellt die Hämodialyse mit 3-mal pro Woche jeweils 4 Stunden nur einen geringen Zeitanteil am Leben
des Patienten dar. Ernährungsmaßnahmen allein während der Dialyse sind deshalb nicht ausreichend und müssen um Maßnahmen für die Zeit außerhalb der
Dialysesitzungen ergänzt werden.
Landing Styles Influences Reactive Strength Index without Increasing Risk for Injury
Authors: Guy-Cherry Dana , Alanazi Ahmad , Miller Lauren , Staloch Darrin , Ortiz-Rodriguez Alexis 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe aim was to determine which three landing styles – stiff (ST), self-selected (SS), or soft (SF) – exhibit safer landing mechanics and greater jumping performance. Thirty participants (age: 26.5±5.1 years; height: 171.0±8.8 cm; weight: 69.7±10.1 kg) performed five trials of three randomized drop jump (40 cm) landing styles including SF (~60° knee flexion), ST (knees as straight as possible), and SS. Knee flexion and valgus angles and kinetics were measured. An electromyography system measured muscle activity of the gluteus maximus, quadriceps, hamstrings, tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius. Reactive strength index (RSI) was used to measure jumping performance. ANOVAs were used to compare the three landings. All landings differed in knee flexion (p<0.001; effect size (η2): 0.9) but not valgus (p=.13; η2:.15). RSI (mm·ms-1) showed differences for all jumps (p<0.001; η2: 0.7) with SS (0.96) showing the highest value, then ST (0.93), and SF (0.64). Ground reaction forces were different between jumps (p<0.001; η2: 0.4) with SF (1.34/bodyweight (bw)) showing lower forces, then SS (1.50/bw), and ST (1.81/bw). No between-jump differences were observed for EMG (p>0.66; η2: 0.3). No landing demonstrated valgus landing mechanics. The SS landing exhibited the highest RSI. However, the 1.8/bw exhibited by the ST landing might contribute to overload of musculotendinous structures at the knee.
STXBP4 regulates APC/C-mediated p63 turnover and drives squamous cell carcinogenesis
Authors: Rokudai Susumu , Li Yingchun , Otaka Yukihiro , Fujieda Michiru , Owens David M. , Christiano Angela M. , Nishiyama Masahiko , Prives Carol 
Published: May 2018

SignificanceThe N-terminally truncated isoform of p63 (ΔNp63) is overexpressed in some forms of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Here we show that the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) degradation machinery plays an essential role in regulating the proteolysis of ΔNp63. We report as well that syntaxin-binding protein 4 (Stxbp4) suppresses APC/C-mediated ubiquitination and proteolysis of ΔNp63 and thereby drives the oncogenic potential of SCC. Aberrancies in this newly defined mechanism could account for ΔNp63 overexpression in SCC. These findings suggest that Stxbp4 could be a relevant therapeutic target for SCC detection and treatment.
Reducing resistance allele formation in CRISPR gene drive
Authors: Champer Jackson , Liu Jingxian , Oh Suh Yeon , Reeves Riona , Luthra Anisha , Oakes Nathan , Clark Andrew G. , Messer Philipp W. 
Published: May 2018

Significance
A functioning gene drive mechanism could fundamentally change our strategies for the control of vector-borne diseases, such as malaria, dengue, and Zika. CRISPR homing gene drive promises such a mechanism, which could be used to rapidly spread genetic modifications among the mosquitoes that transmit these diseases. However, recent studies have shown that current drives would likely be unable to spread in insect populations due to the high rate at which resistance will evolve. In this study, we provide an experimental demonstration that guide RNA multiplexing can successfully reduce resistance rates but also find that such an approach would still need to be combined with additional strategies to create drives that are efficient enough for use in wild populations.
Magnetic control of heterogeneous ice nucleation with nanophase magnetite: Biophysical and agricultural implications
Authors: Kobayashi Atsuko , Horikawa Masamoto , Kirschvink Joseph L. , Golash Harry N. 
Published: May 2018

Significance
Ice crystallization affects processes as divergent as cloud formation and rain seeding, to the growth, transportation, and preservation of the human food supply. Recent estimates show that nearly 40% of all food is lost between the farm and the kitchen, and much of this is due to cellular damage from freezing. The discovery that nanocrystals of magnetite are one of nature’s most potent ice nucleation materials indicates that this mineral, naturally present in many plant and animal tissues, is responsible for frost and freezer damage. As ice formed from supercooled water is less damaging to tissues, the ability to control ice nucleation with magnetic fields offers the promise of developing better technologies to minimize agricultural waste.
Longevity and transposon defense, the case of termite reproductives
Authors: Elsner Daniel , Meusemann Karen , Korb Judith 
Published: May 2018

SignificanceSocial insects such as honey bees or termites are promising new models for aging research. In contrast to short-lived models like the fruit fly or mouse, the reproductives of an insect colony have exceptionally long lifespans. This offers important new avenues for gerontology, especially as mechanisms underlying aging are highly conserved among animals. We studied aging in a termite from the wild. Our results suggest that aging in this species, as in other animals, is related to the activity of transposable elements (TEs; also known as “jumping genes”). Yet reproductives seem to be protected by a process that normally silences TEs in the germline of animals. This suggests that natural selection used a mechanism from the germline to protect whole animals.
Downregulation of BK channel function and protein expression in coronary arteriolar smooth muscle cells of type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Lu Tong , Chai Qiang , Jiao Guoqing , Wang Xiao-Li , Sun Xiaojing , Furuseth Jonathan D , Stulak John M , Daly Richard C , Greason Kevin L , Cha Yong-Mei , Lee Hon-Chi 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Aims
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is strongly associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients. Vascular large conductance Ca2+-activated potassium (BK) channels, composed of four pore-forming α subunits (BK-α), and four regulatory β1 subunits (BK-β1), are densely expressed in coronary arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and play an important role in regulating vascular tone and myocardial perfusion. However, the role of BK channels in coronary microvascular dysfunction of human subjects with diabetes is unclear. In this study, we examined BK channel function and protein expression, and BK channel-mediated vasodilation in freshly isolated coronary arterioles from T2D patients.

Methods and results
Atrial tissues were obtained from 16 patients with T2D and 25 matched non-diabetic subjects during cardiopulmonary bypass procedure. Microvessel videomicroscopy and immunoblot analysis were performed in freshly dissected coronary arterioles and inside-out single BK channel currents was recorded in enzymatically isolated coronary arteriolar SMCs. We found that BK channel sensitivity to physiological Ca2+ concentration and voltage was downregulated in the coronary arteriolar SMCs of diabetic patients, compared with non-diabetic controls. BK channel kinetics analysis revealed that there was significant shortening of the mean open time and prolongation of the mean closed time in diabetic patients, resulting in a remarkable reduction of the channel open probability. Functional studies showed that BK channel activation by dehydrosoyasaponin-1 was diminished and that BK channel-mediated vasodilation in response to shear stress was impaired in diabetic coronary arterioles. Immunoblot experiments confirmed that the protein expressions of BK-α and BK-β1 subunits were significantly downregulated, but the ratio of BK-α/BK-β1 was unchanged in the coronary arterioles of T2D patients.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrated for the first time that BK channel function and BK channel-mediated vasodilation were abnormal in the coronary microvasculature of diabetic patients, due to decreased protein expression and altered intrinsic properties of BK channels.
Guilt Dynamics: Consequences of Temporally Separating Decisions and Actions
Authors: Duke Kristen E , Amir On 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The current research demonstrates that temporally separating a consumer’s initial decision to perform a guilt-inducing action from its actual enactment reduces the guilt felt while acting. This hypothesis follows from the development of a dynamic model that unpacks guilt into two distinct components. Initially, one experiences decision guilt accompanying the decision to act or the realization that one will act; subsequently, one experiences action guilt while engaging in the guilt-inducing behavior. Four experiments and two pilot studies reveal that introducing a temporal “decision-enactment gap” enables decision guilt to decay in this interim period, which lowers the overall guilt experienced upon acting. In line with the self-regulative function of guilt, decision-enactment gaps also increase indulgent consumption and decrease post-behavior atonement. This decoupling process can thus alleviate guilt that might otherwise detract from experiences, but may come at a cost to self-control efforts. The authors discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings.
Patterns and disparities of care in glioblastoma
Authors: Dressler Emily V , Liu Meng , Garcia Catherine R , Dolecek Therese A , Pittman Thomas , Huang Bin , Villano John L 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundGlioblastoma is an aggressive disease with a defined standard of care offering crucial survival benefits. Disparities in care may influence treatment decisions. This study seeks to evaluate potential patterns in care delivery using the National Cancer Database (NCDB).MethodsWe evaluated the NCDB from 1998 to 2011 for patients diagnosed with glioblastoma older than 20 years of age in order to describe current hospital-based demographics, rates of treatment modality by age, race, gender, likelihood of receiving treatment, and survival probabilities.ResultsFrom 1998 to 2011, 100672 patients were diagnosed with glioblastoma in the United States. Of these, 54% were younger than 65 years of age, while 20% were 75 years of age or older. The most common type of treatment was surgery (73%), followed by radiation (69%) and chemotherapy (50%). Eleven percent of patients did not receive any form of therapy. Patients receiving no form of treatment were more likely to be older, female, black, or Hispanic. Tumors that did not involve brainstem, ventricles, or the cerebellum were associated with more aggressive treatment and better overall survival. The median survival was 7.5 months. The use of concomitant surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiation demonstrated greater survival benefit.ConclusionsMedian survival for glioblastoma is significantly less than reported in clinical trials. Sociodemographic factors such as age, gender, race, and socioeconomic status affect treatment decisions for glioblastoma. The elderly are greatly undertreated, as many elderly patients receive no treatment or significantly less than standard of care.
Positive Expectancies for E-Cigarette Use and Anxiety Sensitivity Among Adults
Authors: Zvolensky Michael J , Mayorga Nubia A , Garey Lorra 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Although e-cigarette use is on the rise among youth and adults, there is little understanding of the individual difference factors at a cognitive level of analysis for e-cigarette beliefs and quit behavior.

Method
The present investigation sought to test a theoretically driven interactive model of positive expectancies for e-cigarettes and anxiety sensitivity (fear of the consequences of anxiety) among 551 adult e-cigarette users (50.6% female, Mage = 35.2 years, SD = 10.1).

Results
Results indicated a significant interaction between positive expectancies for e-cigarette use and AS was significantly related to greater perceived benefits of e-cigarette use, greater perceived risk of e-cigarette use, and more serious attempts for trying to quit e-cigarettes. The significant interaction effect for each dependent variable was evident over and above the main effects as well as the covariates of sex, income, education, and concurrent combustible cigarette use. The form of this interaction indicated that e-cigarette users higher in AS who also maintained more positive outcome expectancies for e-cigarette use reported more perceived benefits as well as more perceived risk of e-cigarette use and engaged in more (failed) attempts to quit e-cigarettes.

Conclusions
Overall, the current data suggest that individual differences in AS and positive expectancies may represent two important factors to consider in e-cigarette beliefs and quit attempts.

Implications
This study provides the first empirical evidence of a transdiagnostic construct (anxiety sensitivity) in relation to e-cigarette use and how it interplays with positive expectancies for e-cigarette use beliefs and behavior. These novel data suggest that future clinical research may benefit by understanding the potential therapeutic role of anxiety sensitivity and expectancies for e-cigarette use behavior.
Exploring the (Missing) Gender Training Gap in Germany: The Role of Organizations and Sectors in Continuing Training Participation
Authors: Wotschack Philip 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis article addresses the question how organizational characteristics are related to gender differences in employer-provided continuing training participation. By building on labor market and organizational theory, four mechanisms are tested: (i) formal policies, (ii) relative power, (iii) resources, and (iv) training demand. Multivariate analyses based on the German IAB-Establishment Panel provide evidence that the gender training gap varies considerably between organizations. Organizational policies supporting women’s employment over the life course, a higher share of female top managers, and employee organizations help to prevent a gender training gap. Moreover, the gender training gap is related to sectoral differences and company size.