bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vacuum Deposited Triple‐Cation Mixed‐Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Gil‐Escrig Lidón , Momblona Cristina , La‐Placa Maria‐Grazia , Boix Pablo P. , Sessolo Michele , Bolink Henk J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHybrid lead halide perovskites are promising materials for future photovoltaics applications. Their spectral response can be readily tuned by controlling the halide composition, while their stability is strongly dependent on the film morphology and on the type of organic cation used. Mixed cation and mixed halide systems have led to the most efficient and stable perovskite solar cells reported, so far they are prepared exclusively by solution‐processing. This might be due to the technical difficulties associated with the vacuum deposition from multiple thermal sources, requiring a high level of control over the deposition rate of each precursor during the film formation. In this report, thermal vacuum deposition with multiple sources (3 and 4) is used to prepare for the first time, multications/anions perovskite compounds. These thin‐film absorbers are implemented into fully vacuum deposited solar cells using doped organic semiconductors. A maximum power conversion efficiency of 16% is obtained, with promising device stability. The importance of the control over the film morphology is highlighted, which differs substantially when these compounds are vacuum processed. Avenues to improve the morphology and hence the performance of fully vacuum processed multications/anions perovskite solar cells are proposed.
Fatty Acid Profiles in Sunflower Grains During Storage in Different Environments
Authors: de Carvalho Claudio Guilherme Portela , da Silva Matheus Felipe , Mandarino José Marcos Gontijo , Grunvald Anna Karolina , Ramos Nilza Patrícia , Ribeiro José Lopes , de Paulo Campos Godinho Vicente 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the fatty acid profiles of sunflower oil extracted from hybrid grains produced and stored in different environments. The trials were conducted in Teresina (Piauí), Vilhena (Rondônia), and Jaguariúna (São Paulo) in randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. After harvesting, grains from 1 high oleic and 3 traditional hybrids were packed in kraft paper bags and stored in a covered shed and in a cold chamber up to 12 months. The fatty acid profiles were determined by gas chromatography after 0, 4, 8, and 12 months of storage. Analyses of variance were conducted in a split‐plot design, with hybrids being considered as whole plots and storage times as subplots. Tukey's test was performed to compare hybrids and regression analyses for storage times. The initial fatty acid profile of the grains of the same hybrid varied depending on the production location. The grain storage of high oleic and traditional sunflower hybrids during 12 months in covered shed and in cold chamber resulted in little changes in oil fatty acid profiles, regardless of the initial contents. These changes occurred only for linoleic and palmitic acids.
Identification of n‐6 Monounsaturated Fatty Acids in Acer Seed Oils
Authors: Sun Jin‐Yue , Wang Xin‐Kun , Smith Mark A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSeed oils from Acer species are a potential source of the nutraceutical fatty acids, nervonic acid (cis‐15‐tetracosenoic acid, NA), and γ‐linolenic acid (cis‐6,9,12‐octadecatrienoic acid, GLA). To further characterize the genus, seed fatty acid content and composition were determined for 20 species of Acer. Fatty acid content ranged from 8.2% for Acer macrophyllum to over 36% for A. mono and A. negundo. The presence of very‐long‐chain fatty acids (VLCFA), with chain length of 20‐carbons or greater, and GLA were characteristic features of the seed oils. In all species, erucic acid (cis‐13‐docosenoic acid, EA) was the predominant VLCFA with the highest level of NA being only 8.6% in A. olivianum. Regioselective lipase digestion demonstrated that VLCFA are largely absent from the sn‐2 position of seed triacylglycerol, whereas GLA is primarily located at this position. Five Acer species contained low levels (<2%) of cis‐12‐octadecenoic acid and cis‐14‐eicosenoic acid, uncommon n‐6 fatty acids not previously reported from Acer.
Performance Improvements of Cobalt Oxide Cathodes for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries
Authors: Tian Zhongchen , Yu Hui , Zhang Zhong , Xu Xijin 
Published: February 2018

AbstractLithium‐ion batteries are essential mobile power sources for portable devices and energy supplies. Among the various cathode materials, cobalt oxides are the most important materials used in lithium‐ion batteries. But the intrinsic drawbacks of cobalt oxides restrict their wide application. In this paper, we present an overview of current approaches to improve the electrochemical performance of the cathode materials, as well as the capacity and cycling capability of the lithium‐ion batteries.
Particle Measurement Techniques in Fluid Process Engineering
Authors: Lichti Markus , Bart Hans‐Jörg 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDroplets, bubbles, or solid particle concentrations and their particle size distributions markedly influence the process conditions. In this article, an overview with respect to popular invasive and non‐invasive local measurement techniques for bubbles and droplets will be given. It starts with capillary suction probes, laser Doppler anemometry and finally covers actual developments in tomography and optical endoscopic measurement techniques. Furthermore, the possibilities and limitations of analyzing particle size distributions with these different methods in various application fields will be discussed.
The competitive reaction mechanism between oxidation and pyrolysis consumption during low‐rank coal combustion at lean‐oxygen conditions: A quantitative calculation based on thermogravimetric analyses
Authors: Ma Liyang , Wang Deming , Xin Haihui , Qi Xuyao , Dou Guolan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe evolution of the oxidation‐pyrolysis competitive mechanism during low‐rank coal combustion at lean‐oxygen conditions determines the development of the coalfield fires and the burning loss rate of the coal resource. In the present work, the mass increments of oxygen‐chemisorption were measured and calculated firstly. An abstract shrinking core model was built for distinguishing the oxidation and pyrolysis pathways. On this basis, the consumption rates of oxidation and pyrolysis were respectively calculated with the TGA data obtained under the lean‐oxygen gradient of 21–0 %. The results demonstrate that the oxidation path gradually delays in temperature while the pyrolysis exhibits great temperature stability as the oxygen concentration decreases. Besides, the significant transition of the competitive consumption mechanism exists below 9 % for the oxidation phase before ignition and 5 % for the combustion phase after ignition, respectively. Two temperature indicators of TC1 and TC2 for guiding the optimal fire extinguishing schemes based on the actual oxygen concentrations and temperatures are proposed. Furthermore, 1 % is identified as the limiting oxygen concentration for the development of the coalfield fires where the ignition mechanisms of both the HST and WD coal transform into the homogeneous ignition. The WD lignite, which always maintains the coke state as the burnout mechanism, holds higher reactivity but wider dispersion degrees of combustion compared with the HST sub‐bituminous coal.
Wide Band Gap Non‐Fullerene Small Molecular Acceptors Containing Spirobifluorene and Benzotriazole with Three Different End‐Capped Groups for P3HT‐Based Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Wen Xiaoyu , Xiao Bo , Tang Ailing , Hu Junyi , Yang Chunhe , Zhou Erjun 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSpirofluorene (SF) and benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole (BTA) have been considered as promising building blocks to construct n‐type photovoltaic materials. Herein, three new small molecule acceptors (SMAs) named BTA21, BTA23 and BTA27 with the structure of A2 = A1‐D‐A1 = A2 have been designed, in which SF and BTA were used as a central unit of D and bridged acceptor unit of A1, respectively. In addition, 3‐ethylrhodanine, 2‐(3‐ethyl‐4‐ oxothiazolidin‐2‐ylidene)malononitrile and malononitrile were chosen as terminal acceptor units to modulate the properties of the final SMAs. Three SMAs show wide optical band gaps (Eg) of 2.19, 2.15 and 2.21 eV, respectively, with gradually down‐shift of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels in the order of BTA21, BTA23 and BTA27 depending on the electron‐withdrawing capability of terminal acceptor units. BTA21 shows great advantages with respect to donor poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) over BTA23 and BTA27, such as well energy‐level matching, complementary absorption and proper morphology. Concequently, P3HT:BTA21 shows the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) value of 3.28% with an open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.02 V, a short‐circuit current (JSC) of 5.45 mA·cm–2 and a fill factor (FF) of 0.59. These results indicate that the terminal acceptor group end‐capped in SMAs plays a significant role in controlling their optical, electronic, and photovoltaic properties.
Conditional Manipulation of Gene Function in Human Cells with Optimized Inducible shRNA
Authors: Bertero Alessandro , Yiangou Loukia , Brown Stephanie , Ortmann Daniel , Pawlowski Matthias , Vallier Ludovic 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe difficulties involved in conditionally perturbing complex gene expression networks represent major challenges toward defining the mechanisms controlling human development, physiology, and disease. We developed an OPTimized inducible KnockDown (OPTiKD) platform that addresses the limitations of previous approaches by allowing streamlined, tightly‐controlled, and potent loss‐of‐function experiments for both single and multiple genes. The method relies on single‐step genetic engineering of the AAVS1 genomic safe harbor with an optimized tetracycline‐responsive cassette driving one or more inducible short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs). OPTiKD provides homogeneous, dose‐responsive, and reversible gene knockdown. When implemented in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), the approach can be then applied to a broad range of hPSC‐derived mature cell lineages that include neurons, cardiomyocytes, and hepatocytes. Generation of OPTiKD hPSCs in commonly used culture conditions is simple (plasmid based), rapid (two weeks), and highly efficient (>95%). Overall, this method facilitates the functional annotation of the human genome in health and disease. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Adverse outcome pathway networks I: Development and applications
Authors: Knapen Dries , Angrish Michelle M. , Fortin Marie C. , Katsiadaki Ioanna , Leonard Marc , Margiotta-Casaluci Luigi , Munn Sharon , O'Brien Jason M. , Pollesch Nathan , Smith L. Cody , Zhang Xiaowei , Villeneuve Daniel L. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Based on the results of a Horizon Scanning exercise sponsored by the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry that focused on advancing the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework, the development of guidance related to AOP network development was identified as a critical need. This not only included questions focusing directly on AOP networks, but also on related topics such as mixture toxicity assessment and the implementation of feedback loops within the AOP framework. A set of two articles has been developed to begin exploring these concepts. In the present article (part I), we consider the derivation of AOP networks in the context of how it differs from the development of individual AOPs. We then propose the use of filters and layers to tailor AOP networks to suit the needs of a given research question or application. We briefly introduce a number of analytical approaches that may be used to characterize the structure of AOP networks. These analytical concepts are further described in a dedicated, complementary article (part II). Finally, we present a number of case studies that illustrate concepts underlying the development, analysis, and application of AOP networks. The concepts described in the present article and in its companion article (which focuses on AOP network analytics) are intended to serve as a starting point for further development of the AOP network concept, and also to catalyze AOP network development and application by the different stakeholder communities. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1723–1733. © 2018 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
Sustainable production of sweet sorghum for biofuel production through conservation agriculture in South Africa
Authors: Malobane Mashapa E. , Nciizah Adornis D. , Wakindiki Isaiah I. C. , Mudau Fhatuwani N. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe increase in greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions in the world has significantly contributed to climate change, prompting an active search for renewable and sustainable biofuels. Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench) is a leading biofuel feedstock that is produced with minimum inputs and does well even in semi‐arid areas with soils of low fertility. However, a sustainable production system for sweet sorghum is not yet established in South Africa. Lately, conservation agriculture (CA) has gained research focus because of its benefits as a sustainable crop production system. Therefore,CAmay offset the negative impacts of intensive agronomic practices during biofuel crop production. This paper reviewedCAas a possible sustainable crop production system for sweet sorghum as a biofuel feedstock.CAenhanced soil quality, reduced carbon dioxide emissions, and increased yield of sorghum and related cereals. It was concluded thatCAhas potential to enhance sweet sorghum production as a biofuel feedstock under semi‐arid conditions in South Africa. Therefore, local field experiments on sweet sorghum production underCAare desirable in South Africa.
Homocysteine‐Lowering Treatment and the Risk of Fracture: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial and an Updated Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Garcia Lopez Maria , Baron John A , Omsland Tone K , Søgaard Anne Johanne , Meyer Haakon E 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTHigh plasma homocysteine is a risk factor for osteoporotic fractures. Several studies have assessed the possible preventive effect of homocysteine‐lowering B‐vitamin treatment on the risk of fracture with inconclusive results. In the current study, we include new results from the Aspirin Folate Polyp Prevention Study (AFPPS) together with an updated meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Our objective was to determine whether there is an association between homocysteine‐lowering B‐vitamin treatment and the risk of fracture. The AFPPS trial was performed between 1994 and 2004 in nine clinical centers in the United States, and 1021 participants were randomized to a daily folic acid dose of 1 mg (n = 516) or placebo (n = 505). The main outcome was fracture of any type. In addition, we analyzed the risk of hip fracture. In the meta‐analysis, studies were identified following a search strategy in electronic database and by hand searching. Risk ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI) was chosen for pooled analyses. In the AFPPS, no statistically significant association was found between folic acid treatment and fractures of any type (risk ratio [RR] = 0.95; 95% CI 0.61–1.48) or hip fracture (RR = 0.98; 95% CI 0.25–3.89). In the meta‐analysis, six RCTs were included with a total of 36,527 participants. For interventions including folic acid and/or vitamin B12, the pooled RR for treatment was 0.97 (95% CI 0.87–1.09) for fractures of any type (n = 1199) and 1.00 (95% CI 0.81–1.23) for hip fractures (n = 335). In conclusion, no association was found between homocysteine‐lowering treatment with B vitamins (folic acid and vitamin B12) and the risk of fracture. © 2018 The Authors. JBMR Plus is published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Lack of Accurate Self‐appraisal is Equally Likely in MCI from Parkinson's Disease and Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Pillai Jagan A. , Bonner‐Jackson Aaron , Floden Darlene , Fernandez Hubert , Leverenz James B. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundHow accurate are mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients in assessing their cognitive and functional deficit is often unclear to the clinician. The accuracy of patient self‐appraisal in Parkinson's disease‐MCI (PD‐MCI) has received less attention than amnestic MCI (a‐MCI) often associated with Alzheimer's disease. We evaluated if PD‐MCI patients demonstrate accurate self‐appraisal of their cognitive deficits compared to patients with amnestic a‐MCI or non‐amnestic MCI (na‐MCI).MethodsThis cross‐sectional cohort study included, 30 PD‐MCI, 33 a‐MCI, and 17 na‐MCI patients. Self‐appraisal was assessed by comparing responses of caregivers and patients on a validated self‐rating questionnaire of cognitive and functional impairments. All patients completed a full neuropsychological evaluation and depression screening measure. Univariate ANOVA, regression, and correlational analyses were employed to identify group differences in self‐appraisal scores and relationships between cognitive and functional impairment, depression measures, and self‐appraisal scores.ResultsSelf‐appraisal scores for PD‐MCI did not differ significantly from a‐MCI and na‐MCI. In the PD‐MCI group, higher depression scores were associated with lower self‐appraisal scores (i.e, patients assessed cognition as worse than caregivers). In a stepwise regression model with self‐appraisal scores as the dependent variable, only the depression score was significant predictor among PD‐MCI and accounted for 50% of the variance.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that impaired patient self‐appraisal is equally likely to occur in PD‐MCI as in a‐MCI and na‐MCI patients. Among PD‐MCI, depression was the strongest predictor of impaired patient self‐appraisal. Impaired insight into cognitive impairment and depression should be considered in both care and research with PD patients.
The Neuropsychiatric Fluctuations Scale for Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot Study
Authors: Schmitt Emmanuelle , Krack Paul , Castrioto Anna , Klinger Helene , Bichon Amelie , Lhommée Eugénie , Pelissier Pierre , Fraix Valerie , Thobois Stephane , Moro Elena , Martinez‐Martin Pablo 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundNon‐motor fluctuations represent a main source of disability in Parkinson's disease (PD). Among them, neuropsychiatric fluctuations are the most frequent and are often under‐recognized by patients and physicians, partly because specific tools for assessment of neuropsychiatric fluctuations are lacking.ObjectiveTo develop a scale for detecting and evaluating the presence and the severity of neuropsychological symptoms during the ON and OFF phases of non‐motor fluctuations.MethodsNeuropsychiatric symptoms reported by PD patients in the OFF‐ and the ON‐medication conditions were collected using different neuropsychiatric scales (BDI‐II, BAI, Young, VAS, etc.). Subsequently, tree phases of a pilot study was performed for cognitive pretesting, identification of ambiguous or redundant items (item reduction), and to obtain preliminary data of acceptability of the new scale. In all the three phases, the scale was applied in both the OFF and ON condition during a levodopa challenge.ResultsTwenty items were selected for the final version of the neuropsychiatric fluctuation scale (NFS): ten items measured the ON neuropsychological symptoms and ten items the OFF neuropsychological manifestations. Each item rated from 0‐3, providing respective subscores from 0 to 30.ConclusionsOnce validated, our NFS can be used to identify and quantify neuropsychiatric fluctuations during motor fluctuations. The main novelty is that it could be used in acute settings. As such, the NFS can assess the neuropsychiatric state of the patient at the time of examination. The next step will be to validate the NFS to be used in current practice.
Time‐resolved contrast‐enhanced MR angiography with single‐echo Dixon fat suppression
Authors: Stinson Eric G. , Trzasko Joshua D. , Campeau Norbert G. , Glockner James F. , Huston John , Young Phillip M. , Riederer Stephen J. 
Published: February 2018

PurposeDixon‐based fat suppression has recently gained interest for dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI, but multi‐echo techniques require longer scan times and reduce temporal resolution compared to single‐echo alternatives without fat suppression. The purpose of this work is to demonstrate accelerated single‐echo Dixon imaging with high spatial and temporal resolution.Theory and MethodsReal‐valued water and fat images can be obtained from a single measurement if the shared initial phase and that due to
are assumed known a priori. An expression for simultaneous sensitivity encoding (SENSE) unfolding and fat‐water separation is derived for the general undersampling case, and simplified under the special case of uniform Cartesian undersampling. In vivo experiments were performed in extremities and brain with SENSE acceleration factors of up to R = 8.ResultsSingle‐echo Dixon reconstruction of highly undersampled data was successfully demonstrated. Dynamic contrast‐enhanced water and fat images provided high spatial and temporal resolution dynamic images with image update times shorter than previous single‐echo Dixon work.ConclusionTime‐resolved contrast‐enhanced MRI with single‐echo Dixon fat suppression shows high image quality, improved vessel delineation, and reduced sensitivity to motion when compared to time‐subtraction methods.
Magnetic Nature of the CrIII–LnIII Interactions in [CrIII2LnIII3] Clusters with Slow Magnetic Relaxation
Authors: Zhao Xiao‐Qing , Xiang Shuo , Wang Jin , Bao Dong‐Xu , Li Yun‐Chun 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTwo 3d‐4f hetero‐metal pentanuclear complexes with the formula {[CrIII2LnIII3L10(OH)6(H2O)2]Et3NH} [Ln=Tb (1), Dy (2); HL=pivalic acid, Et3N=triethylamine] have been produced. The metal core of each cluster is made up of a trigonal bipyramid with three LnIII ions (plane) and two CrIII ions (above and below) held together by six μ3‐OH bridges. Also reported with this series is the diamagnetic CrIII–YIII analogue (3). Fortunately, we successfully prepared AlIII–LnIII analogues with the formula {[AlIII2LnIII3L10(OH)6(H2O)2]Et3NH⋅H2O} [Ln=Tb (4), Dy (5)], containing diamagnetic AlIII ions, which can be used to evaluate the CrIII–LnIII magnetic nature through a diamagnetic substitution method. Subsequently, static (dc) magnetic susceptibility studies reveal dominant ferromagnetic interactions between CrIII and LnIII ions. Dynamic (ac) magnetic susceptibility studies show frequency‐dependent out‐of‐phase (χ′′) signals for [CrIII2TbIII3] (1), [CrIII2DyIII3] (2), and [AlIII2DyIII3] (5), which are derived from the single‐ion behavior of LnIII ions and/or the CrIII–LnIII ferromagnetic interactions.
Medicinal Attributes of Lignans Extracted from Piper Cubeba: Current Developments
Authors: Godoy de Lima Regiane , Barros Maria Teresa , da Silva Laurentiz Rosangela 
Published: February 2018

AbstractLignans are a large class of natural products that have been isolated from many plants. They reveal diverse biological activities, especially antiviral and antitumor properties. From Piper cubeba, lignans of several classes can be isolated from the roots, rhizomes, stems, leaves, seeds, and fruits. Among its various chemical constituents, (−)‐cubebin and (−)‐hinokinin are found in significant quantities. Although they have been known for some time, during the last few decades their biological properties have been studied by several research groups. The cubebins have been identified as a lactol monomer and dimers as a mixture of diastereoisomers. Recently, their structural characterization and the synthesis of the possible structures have led to the correction of some earlier structural proposals. This review describes the more recent developments in the study of the medicinal attributes of cubebin and hinokinin extracted from Piper cubeba and the synthesis and biological testing of some analogues.