bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Ginseng on Cognitive Function: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Zeng Maogui , Zhang Kuan , Yang Juan , Zhang Yu , You Pengcheng , Yan Lin , Weng Yiling 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTGinseng is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine. It is widely believed that ginseng can improve cognitive function, but its clinical efficacy is still controversial. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the effects of ginseng on cognitive function improvement. This is a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Searching PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and Medline databases to collect RCTs of ginseng on the effects of human cognitive function. The time range is from the establishment of the database to December 2023. The main intervention in the trials was ginseng preparation. The Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool 2.0 (RoB2.0) and Jadad scale were used to assess the risk of bias and evaluate the quality of the included articles. After data extraction, meta‐analysis was performed using Stata 17.0 software. A total of 15 RCTs were included, and 671 patients were analyzed. The subjects included healthy people, patients of cognitive impairment, schizophrenia, hospitalized, and Alzheimer's disease. The intervention measures were mainly ginseng preparations. The meta‐analysis results indicated that ginseng has a significant effect on memory improvement (SMD = 0.19, 95%CI: 0.02–0.36, p < 0.05), especially at high doses (SMD = 0.33, 95%CI: 0.04–0.61, p < 0.05). Ginseng did not have a positive effect on overall cognition, attention, and executive function (SMD = 0.06, 95%CI: −0.64–0.77, p = 0.86; SMD = 0.06, 95%CI: −0.12 to 0.23, p = 0.54; SMD = −0.03, 95%CI: −0.28 to 0.21, p = 0.79). Ginseng has some positive effects on cognitive improvement, especially on memory improvement. But in the future, more high‐quality studies are needed to determine the effects of ginseng on cognitive function.
Trial Registration: Prospero: CRD42024514231
Identifying Individual and Household Level Predictors of Undernutrition Among 6–59 Months Children in Bangladesh: A Multivariate Approach
Authors: Halima Oumma , Nowar Abira , Islam Md. Hafizul , Chowdhury Akibul Islam , Akhter Kazi Turjaun , Shaheen Nazma 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionGlobally malnutrition is considered one of the greatest threats to public health, particularly in low‐ and middle‐income countries. The present study examined the extent of undernutrition and the associated determinants among children aged 6–59 months in Bangladesh using data from the Nutrition Survey of Bangladesh (NSB), 2017–18.MethodsThe sampling frame of NSB 2017–18 was specified by a 30 (locations) × 30 (households) cluster approach where 20 locations were from rural areas and the other 10 were from urban areas. Out of the sampled households, 566 children aged between 6 and 59 months were included in the analysis. Determinants of three anthropometric measures, weight‐for‐age (stunting), weight‐for‐height (wasting), and weight‐for‐age (underweight), were analyzed using a multiple logistic regression model.ResultThe prevalence of stunting, underweight, and wasting of children was 34.5%, 40.6%, and 20.1%, respectively. Although the child's age, family size, cleanliness of the residential area, and food insecurity were significant determinants of malnutrition, inadequate and low‐quality protein consumption strongly predicted the development of underweight and stunting in infants and children. The odds of being stunted were 2 times (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17–3.46; p = 0.011) and underweight was almost 2.5 times (AOR: 2.41; 95% CI: 1.27–4.56; p < 0.01) higher, respectively, among children who consumed inadequate amounts of protein.ConclusionBecause the percentage of children from wealthy families was relatively low in the present study, cleanliness of residential areas, food insecurity, and inadequate protein intake are likely to be key drivers of malnutrition in Bangladesh, which might be significantly reduced with better coverage of preventive nutrition programs.
Effects of urban areas on the diurnal cycle of temperature and precipitation in a global climate simulation
Authors: Katzfey Jack , Schlünzen K. Heinke , Hoffmann Peter 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAnalyses of global climate model results for urban impacts on temperature and precipitation are rare. Previous analyses of the global Conformal Cubic Atmospheric Model simulation results for 1985–2010 have revealed urban effects on minimum and maximum temperatures. Using the same dataset to derive time‐zone‐corrected three‐hourly local time period (LTP) data, averaged diurnal cycles of temperature and precipitation were calculated for grid cells with greater than 10% urban fraction (urban grid cells) globally. Three latitudinal bands were assessed: northern extratropics (NET, 274 urban grid cells), southern extratropics (SET, 39 urban grid cells), and the Tropics (26 urban grid cells). The largest statistically significant urban influences on temperature are consistently found at night, in agreement with many previous studies on urban heat islands. Signs of urban cooling were found for a few hours, from 09:00 to 15:00 LTP, most often in summer. Influences of urban areas on precipitation varied, with small increases and decreases in all latitudinal bands and seasons. For NET, increases were generally found. In the Tropics, increases were found from 21:00 to 09:00 LTP for all seasons except DJF, with decreases for all seasons from 15:00 to 18:00 LTP. In SET, all seasons had increases for 21:00 to 00:00 LTP and decreases for 15:00 to 18:00 LTP. DJF had decreases for all LTPs except 21:00 to 00:00 LTP and SON had increases for all times except 15:00 to 18:00 LTP. Differences in rainfall in the region surrounding the urban areas were broadly similar to local changes in NET. For the Tropics and SET, regional decreases were found for DJF and JJA, with a more varied pattern for other months. Regional effects appeared to be more restricted to near‐urban areas in the Tropics than in NET. The results indicate some influence of nearby urban areas on regional temperature and precipitation.
Magnetic Molecules as Building Blocks for Quantum Technologies
Authors: Moreno‐Pineda Eufemio , Wernsdorfer Wolfgang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSince the initial observation of quantum effects, scientists have worked diligently to understand and harness their potential. Thanks to many pioneers, a level where quantum effects can be exploited is reached. Numerous cutting‐edge technologies, such as quantum sensing and quantum computing, are proposed. A common trait in all technologies is the need to manipulate and read out their states; therefore, the quantum characteristics of the building blocks must adhere to strict guidelines. Magnetic Molecules (MMs) are promising candidates. They can be obtained indistinguishably, and the control over their structural and electronic properties, makes them appealing to act as quantum bits or “qubits”. MMs can be connected to other units while preserving their coherence properties, enabling the implementation of quantum gates. Furthermore, the low‐lying energy levels can be exploited as qudits, which can exist in more than 2 states simultaneously (d > 2), allowing them to hold more information efficiently. The larger electronic/nuclear space in qudits can decrease the number of physical units and enhance computational efficiency, reducing error and making them promise for complex problem‐solving. In this perspective article, the physical characteristics of MMs and key achievements that position them as promising candidates for quantum technologies, are described.
Premise‐Variable‐Domain‐Partition‐Dependent Output Feedback Switched Controllers Design for Switched IT2 Fuzzy Systems With Switching Signal Transmission Delays and Local Nonlinear Model
Authors: Li Yang , Li Bin , Zhang Tianping , Du Wenju 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis article studies the guaranteed cost extended dissipative stabilization problem of switched IT2 fuzzy systems (SIT2FSs) with switching signal transmission delays and local nonlinear model. The guaranteed cost performance, guaranteed cost strict dissipative performance, guaranteed cost − performance and guaranteed cost passivity performance are considered for SIT2FSs in a unified form. First, a novel asynchronous control scheme is proposed for SIT2FSs with local nonlinear model. The controller gains in mismatched interval are designed separately. By using a premise‐variable‐domain‐partition‐dependent switched fuzzy Lyapunov functions (PDSFLFs) approach, the membership‐function‐shape‐independent (MFSI) existence conditions of a class of IT2 fuzzy switched controllers, which can ensure the guaranteed cost extended dissipative performance of SIT2FSs, are established. Then, by utilizing the shape information of membership functions and dividing the premise variable domain into multiple partitions, the membership‐function‐shape‐dependent (MFSD) existence conditions of a class of premise‐variable‐domain‐partition‐dependent (PVDPD) IT2 fuzzy switched controllers are presented. The results indicate that less conservative results can be achieved by using the PVDPD IT2 fuzzy switched controllers, and better system performance can be gotten compared with the Type‐1 fuzzy switched controllers. Finally, the effectiveness of the results is demonstrated through a robot arm model.
Field trial guidelines for evaluating enhanced efficiency fertilizers
Authors: Lyons Sarah E. , Arnall D. Brian , Ashford‐Kornburger Dana , Brouder Sylvie M. , Christian Erik , Dobermann Achim , Haefele Stephan M. , Haegele Jason , Helmers Matthew J. , Jin Virginia L. , Margenot Andrew J. , McGrath Josh M. , Morgan Kelly T. , Murrell T. Scott , Osmond Deanna L. , Pelster David E. , Slaton Nathan A. , Vadas Peter A. , Venterea Rodney T. , Volenec Jeffrey J. , Wagner‐Riddle Claudia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThere are many fertilizer additives and alternatives that aim to increase plant nutrient use efficiency and reduce nutrient losses to the environment, here referred to collectively as enhanced efficiency fertilizers (EEFs). However, there is often insufficient published scientific field trial results across a variety of locations, climates, soils, cropping systems, and management scenarios to prove their efficacy and conditions for use. Guidelines for common minimum datasets and data stewardship in evaluating the agronomic performance and environmental impact of EEFs are needed for researchers to follow. Such guidelines will improve hypothesis testing centered on product efficacy and provide producers with guidance on how these technologies function and perform when integrated with other management practices within the 4R Nutrient Stewardship Framework. A scientific committee was formed to develop a set of protocol guidelines for evaluating EEFs in replicated, plot‐based field trials on an international scale. The guidelines are composed of experimental design and core metadata, crop and soil analyses, environmental loss measurements, and data stewardship, and include both recommended and required components to allow for flexibility and adaptability depending on the trial location, objectives, infrastructure capacity, product type, and depth of understanding of the potential EEF efficacy. This approach will ensure consistency and compatibility in experimental design and data collection to support data integration, analysis, and reuse leading to large‐scale impact and end‐user confidence.
Polydopamine‐Mediated Gold Nanostructure‐Decorated Electrospun Polycaprolactone Fibers for Photocatalytic Dye Degradation
Authors: Demirci Serhat , Oncer Nazli , Mazlumoglu Hayrunnisa , Yilmaz Asli , Egri Sinan , Egri Ozlem , Yilmaz Mehmet 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMetallic nanoparticle (NP)‐decorated electrospun micro/nanofibers as an ideal photocatalytic system for the degradation of organic dyes may provide unique advantages in terms of 3D morphology with high surface area, well‐controlled porosity, low cost, good interconnectivity, and excellent flexibility. However, novel, flexible, low‐cost, and efficient fabrication methods are still demanded to obtain photocatalytic activity. In this report, for the first time, we propose gold NP (AuNP)‐decorated electrospun poly(Ɛ‐caprolactone) (PCL) membrane fibers through a conformal thin layer of polydopamine (PDA). Herein, PDA could reduce the Au3+ ions and enable the adsorption of AuNPs without using any reducing agent or seed material. The proposed system could degrade methylene blue after a 6‐h of daylight exposure with a rate constant of 4.83 × 10−3 and 4.64 × 10−3 min−1 for citrate‐stabilized AuNPs and reduction of Au ions cases, respectively. Even after fifth cycle of usage, AuNP‐decorated electrospun fibers showed reasonable catalytic activity without any significant change in their morphology and chemical content. For the case of rhodamine 6G, the same systems provided 55.2% and 64.1% of dye degradation within a 5‐h exposure. The proposed system presents unique advantages regarding control, flexibility, low cost, and efficiency in various catalytic applications.
A slow diaphragmatic breathing intervention for anxiety: How do respiration rate and inhalation/exhalation ratio influence self‐reported anxiety?
Authors: Czub Marcin , Kowal Marta , Esteve Zarazaga Rosa , Serrano‐Ibáñez Elena R. , Ruíz‐Párraga Gema T. , Ramírez‐Maestre Carmen , López‐Martínez Alicia E. , Paccione Charles , Piskorz Joanna 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe primary aim was to investigate how respiration rate and inhalation/exhalation ratio influence self‐reported state anxiety during a single slow diaphragmatic breathing exercise session. Eight hundred and twenty‐eight participants completed the study at two separate geographical locations (Poland and Spain). Participants performed a 10‐min online guided breathing exercise. Respiration rates were sampled from a continuous uniform distribution (ranging from 6 to 12 breaths/min). Similarly, inhalation/exhalation ratios were treated as continuous variables and sampled from a uniform distribution for each participant. An application programed for this experiment displayed visual and auditory cues adjusted for each participant. Before and after the breathing exercise, each participant filled in the Current Anxiety Level Measure questionnaire. Self‐trait anxiety was measured with the Clinically Useful Anxiety Outcome Scale. A linear regression model showed that respiration rate, trait anxiety, pre‐test anxiety, and nationality (Polish/Spanish) were positively related to post‐test anxiety levels. Adding quadratic terms of respiration rate and inhalation/exhalation ratio did not improve model fit. Polish participants exhibited higher post‐test anxiety levels compared with the Spanish subsample. Age was negatively associated with post‐test anxiety. No significant relationships between inhalation/exhalation ratio and post‐test anxiety level were found. Slower respiration rates during a single‐session breathing exercise are linearly associated with lower post‐test anxiety levels in a large and varied sample. This study is the largest to date and may offer further guidance for predicting expected effect sizes for the relationships between anxiety and respiratory dynamics.
Facile Electrodeposition Method for Constructing Li2S as Artificial Solid Electrolyte Interphase for High‐Performance Li Metal Anode
Authors: Choi Jong Chan , Hyun Da‐Eun , Choi Jae Hun , Ra Yejin , Kim Yoon Ho , Sim Jae Sol , Lee Jung‐Kul , Kang Yun Chan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDesigning current collectors and constructing efficient artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layers are promising strategies for achieving dendrite‐free Li deposition and practical applications in Li metal batteries (LMBs). Electrodeposition is advantageous for large‐scale production and allows the direct formation of current collectors without binders, making them immediately usable as electrodes. In this study, an adherent Cu2S thin‐layer on Cu foil is synthesized through anodic electrodeposition from a Na2S solution in a one‐step process, followed by the generation of Li2S layers as artificial SEI layers via a conversion reaction (3DLi2S‐Cu foil). The Li2S layers move from the 3D Cu surface to the deposited Li surface, facilitating uniform and dense Li deposition. The 3DLi2S‐Cu foil structure demonstrates stable cycling performance over 350 cycles in an asymmetric cell, with a capacity of 1 mAh cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2. Moreover, symmetric cells with 5 mAh cm−2 of deposited Li exhibit a stable cycle life for over 1200 h. When paired with commercial LiFePO4 (LFP), the full cells show substantially enhanced cyclability, regardless of the amount of deposited Li. This study provides new insights into the construction of artificial SEIs for facilitating commercial applications.
Magnetic‐induced isomerization of paramagnetic bridged azobenzene derivatives with conjugated alkyl chains
Authors: Zhang Bo , Fang Wenyu , Ge Jing , Yang Xiaoyu , Wang Shuo , Feng Yiyu , Feng Wei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractInducing a reversible structural transformation in organic photochromophores under the effect of a magnetic field is challenging owing to their poor magnetic properties. Compared with common azobenzene materials, bridged azobenzene materials exhibit a considerable potential for rapid trans‐cis isomerization induced by an external magnetic field because of the restricted torsion of N=N bonds during the transformation. Herein, we designed and synthesized pentenyl‐grafted bridged azobenzene (BA‐X5), hexenyl‐grafted bridged azobenzene (BA‐X6), and pentynyl‐grafted bridged azobenzene (BA‐Q5). Density functional theory calculations indicate that the activation energy for the trans‐cis transition of BA‐X5 and BA‐X6 is ~18.0 kcal/mol, which is 8.2% lower than that of BA‐Q5 (19.6 kcal/mol). The results obtained using EPR and a superconducting quantum interference device demonstrate that during the isomerization process, a net spin reduction of bridged azobenzene occurred because of the aggregation of the electron cloud toward the C−N bond, leading to a reduction in the paramagnetism of the materials. BA‐X5 and BA‐X6 exhibit a clear and rapid magnetically induced trans‐cis isomerization with short half‐lives, which are 10.4% and 16.9%, respectively, lower than those obtained under dark conditions. In contrast, the isomerization of BA‐Q5 under the effect of the same magnetic field does not change. Magnetically induced isomerization might be attributed to the combined effect of the magnetothermal effect, changes in the net spin density of the electron cloud, and regularity of molecular arrangement under the effect of the magnetic field. These results provide a basis for exploring the design and research of magnetically controlled azobenzene derivatives.
Determination and Quantification of Related Impurity Substances in Elvitegravir Drug Substance by Full Factorial Design Evaluated Liquid Chromatography Method
Authors: Srinilayam Rajasekharannair Jythesh Kumar , Rao Vandavasi Koteswara , Chintala Vaishnavi , Katari Naresh Kumar , Kowtharapu Leela Prasad 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTHerein, our work deals with developing a rapid, accurate, and reliable high‐performance liquid chromatographic technique with the application of quality by design (QbD) experimental tool to quantify Elvitegravir drug (Integrase inhibitors of antiretroviral drug) and its novel related impurities at low levels. Further, this unique method has been validated to prove its consistency. Separation of N‐methyl Elvitegravir (Impurity‐I), 2‐fluoro Elvitegravir (Impurity‐II), and Elvitegravir isopropyl ester (Impurity‐III) in Elvitegravir drug substance was executed by using Kinetex C18 column (150 mm × 2.1 mm × 1.7 µm) with water, acetonitrile, formic acid, and triethylamine (690:300:6:2, v/v/v/v/), mobile phase (MB‐A) and acetonitrile, formic acid and triethylamine (990:6:2, v/v/v), MB‐B. This developed analytical technique gave a well‐separated peak at the retention times of 9.126 min (Elvitegravir), 7.713 min (Impurity‐I), 7.972 min (Impurity‐II), and 8.548 min (Impurity‐III) adequate with the peak properties as per the United States Pharmacopeia guideline. The method's sensitivity and linearity are established by its detection and quantification limits at low levels with a correlation coefficient of 0.998. The method's repeatability, specificity, and accuracy suggest that this developed technique is a reliable determination strategy for Elvitegravir drug substance and its related impurities (Impurity‐I, Impurity‐II, and Impurity‐III) in a simple, feasible, and affordable way.
High Specificity and Sensitivity Method for Quantitation of Anthocyanins by Precursor Ion Scan Using Liquid Chromatography‐Tandem Mass Spectrometry Technique
Authors: Singh Akanksha , Eilstein Joan , Pannakal Steve , Choudhury Ratnadeep Paul 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAnthocyanins, primarily found in flowers, vegetables, and fruits, play a critical role in human and plant health. These polyphenolic pigments are predominantly found in plants in the form of glucosides linked to one or more sugar units and exhibit a broad range of structural diversity. This creates a complex spectrum of anthocyanins making it challenging to perform its absolute quantification in different plant matrices due to the lack of availability of all reference standards. More commonly today, anthocyanins are quantified by spectrophotometric methods, which is non‐specific quantification due to a lack of information on the anthocyanin classes present. In this study, a systematic approach has been proposed to address this challenge, utilizing liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry using precursor ion scan mode for high‐specificity identification and subsequent quantification of the anthocyanin classes. A method was developed for six anthocyanin classes and it was used to quantify anthocyanins in black carrot extract. The initial scan was conducted for all anthocyanin classes, followed by the quantification of the anthocyanin classes detected using the reference standard specific to that class. This approach has demonstrated that precursor ion scan mass spectrometry can serve as a valuable tool for the rapid identification and specific quantification of anthocyanin classes in plants.
Observational Causality Testing
Authors: Knaeble Brian , Osting Braxton , Tshiaba Placede 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn prior work, we have introduced an asymptotic threshold of sufficient randomness for causal inference from observational data. In this paper, we extend that prior work in three main ways. First, we show how to empirically estimate a lower bound for the randomness from measures of concordance transported from studies of monozygotic twins. Second, we generalize our methodology for application on a finite population, and we introduce methods to implement finite population corrections. Third, we generalize our methodology in another direction by incorporating measured covariate data into the analysis. The first extension represents a proof of concept that observational causality testing is possible. The second and third extensions help to make observational causality testing more practical. As a theoretical and indirect consequence of the third extension, we formulate and introduce a novel criterion for covariate selection. We demonstrate our proposed methodology for observational causality testing with numerous example applications.