bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping Circumstellar Matter with Polarized Light: The Case of Supernova 2014J in M82
Authors: Yang 杨 Yi 轶 , Wang Lifan , Baade Dietrich , Brown Peter. J. , Cikota Aleksandar , Cracraft Misty , Höflich Peter A. , Maund Justyn R. , Patat Ferdinando , Sparks William B. , Spyromilio Jason , Stevance Heloise F. , Wang Xiaofeng , Wheeler J. Craig 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Optical polarimetry is an effective way of probing the environment of a supernova for dust. We acquired linear HST ACS/WFC polarimetry in bands

,

, and

of the supernova (SN) 2014J in M82 at six epochs from ∼277 days to ∼1181 days after the B-band maximum. The polarization measured at day 277 shows conspicuous deviations from other epochs. These differences can be attributed to at least ∼

of circumstellar dust located at a distance of

from the SN. The scattering dust grains revealed by these observations seem to be aligned with the dust in the interstellar medium that is responsible for the large reddening toward the supernova. The presence of this circumstellar dust sets strong constraints on the progenitor system that led to the explosion of SN 2014J; however, it cannot discriminate between single- and double-degenerate models.
Neutrinos and Ultra-high-energy Cosmic-ray Nuclei from Blazars
Authors: Rodrigues Xavier , Fedynitch Anatoli , Gao Shan , Boncioli Denise , Winter Walter 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
We discuss the production of ultra-high-energy cosmic-ray (UHECR) nuclei and neutrinos from blazars. We compute the nuclear cascade in the jet for both BL Lac objects and flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs), and in the ambient radiation zones for FSRQs as well. By modeling representative spectral energy distributions along the blazar sequence, two distinct regimes are identified, which we call “nuclear survival” (typically found in low-luminosity BL Lacs) and “nuclear cascade” (typically found in high-luminosity FSRQs). We quantify how the neutrino and cosmic-ray (CR) emission efficiencies evolve over the blazar sequence, and we demonstrate that neutrinos and CRs come from very different object classes. For example, high-frequency-peaked BL Lacs (HBLs) tend to produce CRs, and high-luminosity FSRQs are the more efficient neutrino emitters. This conclusion does not depend on the CR escape mechanism, for which we discuss two alternatives (diffusive and advective escape). Finally, the neutrino spectrum from blazars is shown to significantly depend on the injection composition into the jet, especially in the nuclear cascade case: Injection compositions heavier than protons lead to reduced neutrino production at the peak, which moves at the same time to lower energies. Thus, these sources will exhibit better compatibility with the observed IceCube and UHECR data.
HD 104860 and HD 192758: Two Debris Disks Newly Imaged in Scattered Light with the Hubble Space Telescope
Authors: Choquet É. , Bryden G. , Perrin M. D. , Soummer R. , Augereau J.-C. , Chen C. H. , Debes J. H. , Gofas-Salas E. , Hagan J. B. , Hines D. C. , Mawet D. , Morales F. , Pueyo L. , Rajan A. , Ren B. , Schneider G. , Stark C. C. , Wolff S. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
We present the first scattered-light images of two debris disks around the F8 star HD 104860 and the F0V star HD 192758, respectively ∼45 and ∼67 pc away. We detected these systems in the F110W and F160W filters through our reanalysis of archival Hubble Space Telescope (HST) NICMOS data with modern starlight-subtraction techniques. Our image of HD 104860 confirms the morphology previously observed by Herschel in thermal emission with a well-defined ring at a radius of ∼114 au inclined by ∼58°. Although the outer edge profile is consistent with dynamical evolution models, the sharp inner edge suggests sculpting by unseen perturbers. Our images of HD 192758 reveal a disk at radius ∼95 au inclined by ∼59°, never resolved so far. These disks have low scattering albedos of 10% and 13%, respectively, inconsistent with water ice grain compositions. They are reminiscent of several other disks with similar inclination and scattering albedos: Fomalhaut, HD 92945, HD 202628, and HD 207129. They are also very distinct from brighter disks in the same inclination bin, which point to different compositions between these two populations. Varying scattering albedo values can be explained by different grain porosities, chemical compositions, or grain size distributions, which may indicate distinct formation mechanisms or dynamical processes at work in these systems. Finally, these faint disks with large infrared excesses may be representative of an underlying population of systems with low albedo values. Searches with more sensitive instruments on HST or on the James Webb Space Telescope and using state-of-the art starlight-subtraction methods may help discover more of such faint systems.
Sub-Chandrasekhar-mass White Dwarf Detonations Revisited
Authors: Shen Ken J. , Kasen Daniel , Miles Broxton J. , Townsley Dean M. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The detonation of a sub-Chandrasekhar-mass white dwarf (WD) has emerged as one of the most promising Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) progenitor scenarios. Recent studies have suggested that the rapid transfer of a very small amount of helium from one WD to another is sufficient to ignite a helium shell detonation that subsequently triggers a carbon core detonation, yielding a “dynamically driven double-degenerate double-detonation” SN Ia. Because the helium shell that surrounds the core explosion is so minimal, this scenario approaches the limiting case of a bare C/O WD detonation. Motivated by discrepancies in previous literature and by a recent need for detailed nucleosynthetic data, we revisit simulations of naked C/O WD detonations in this paper. We disagree to some extent with the nucleosynthetic results of previous work on sub-Chandrasekhar-mass bare C/O WD detonations; for example, we find that a median-brightness SN Ia is produced by the detonation of a 1.0

WD instead of a more massive and rarer 1.1

WD. The neutron-rich nucleosynthesis in our simulations agrees broadly with some observational constraints, although tensions remain with others. There are also discrepancies related to the velocities of the outer ejecta and light curve shapes, but overall our synthetic light curves and spectra are roughly consistent with observations. We are hopeful that future multidimensional simulations will resolve these issues and further bolster the dynamically driven double-degenerate double-detonation scenario’s potential to explain most SNe Ia.
Reciprocal Regulation of Glycolysis-Driven Th17 Pathogenicity and Regulatory T Cell Stability by Cdc42
Authors: Kalim Khalid W. , Yang Jun-Qi , Li Yuan , Meng Yan , Zheng Yi , Guo Fukun 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
A balance between Th17 cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) is important for host immunity and immune tolerance. The underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we have identified Cdc42 as a central regulator of Th17/Treg balance. Deletion of Cdc42 in T cells enhanced Th17 differentiation but diminished induced Treg differentiation and suppressive function. Treg-specific deletion of Cdc42 decreased natural Tregs but increased effector T cells including Th17 cells. Notably, Cdc42-deficient Th17 cells became pathogenic associated with enhanced glycolysis and Cdc42-deficient Tregs became unstable associated with weakened glycolytic signaling. Inhibition of glycolysis in Cdc42-deficient Th17 cells diminished their pathogenicity and restoration of glycolysis in Cdc42-deficient Tregs rescued their instability. Intriguingly, Cdc42 deficiency in T cells led to exacerbated wasting disease in mouse models of colitis and Treg-specific deletion of Cdc42 caused early, fatal lymphoproliferative diseases. In summary, we show that Cdc42 is a bona fide regulator of peripheral tolerance through suppression of Th17 aberrant differentiation/pathogenicity and promotion of Treg differentiation/stability/function involving metabolic signaling and thus Cdc42 pathway might be harnessed in autoimmune disease therapy.
Csf1r-mApple Transgene Expression and Ligand Binding In Vivo Reveal Dynamics of CSF1R Expression within the Mononuclear Phagocyte System
Authors: Hawley Catherine A. , Rojo Rocio , Raper Anna , Sauter Kristin A. , Lisowski Zofia M. , Grabert Kathleen , Bain Calum C. , Davis Gemma M. , Louwe Pieter A. , Ostrowski Michael C. , Hume David A. , Pridans Clare , Jenkins Stephen J. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
CSF1 is the primary growth factor controlling macrophage numbers, but whether expression of the CSF1 receptor differs between discrete populations of mononuclear phagocytes remains unclear. We have generated a Csf1r-mApple transgenic fluorescent reporter mouse that, in combination with lineage tracing, Alexa Fluor 647–labeled CSF1-Fc and CSF1, and a modified ΔCsf1–enhanced cyan fluorescent protein (ECFP) transgene that lacks a 150 bp segment of the distal promoter, we have used to dissect the differentiation and CSF1 responsiveness of mononuclear phagocyte populations in situ. Consistent with previous Csf1r-driven reporter lines, Csf1r-mApple was expressed in blood monocytes and at higher levels in tissue macrophages, and was readily detectable in whole mounts or with multiphoton microscopy. In the liver and peritoneal cavity, uptake of labeled CSF1 largely reflected transgene expression, with greater receptor activity in mature macrophages than monocytes and tissue-specific expression in conventional dendritic cells. However, CSF1 uptake also differed between subsets of monocytes and discrete populations of tissue macrophages, which in macrophages correlated with their level of dependence on CSF1 receptor signaling for survival rather than degree of transgene expression. A double ΔCsf1r-ECFP-Csf1r-mApple transgenic mouse distinguished subpopulations of microglia in the brain, and permitted imaging of interstitial macrophages distinct from alveolar macrophages, and pulmonary monocytes and conventional dendritic cells. The Csf1r-mApple mice and fluorescently labeled CSF1 will be valuable resources for the study of macrophage and CSF1 biology, which are compatible with existing EGFP-based reporter lines.
Central Nervous System Anomalies Detectable in the First Trimester
Authors: Viora Elsa , Polarolo Giulia , Bastonero Simona , Gullino Elena , Stillavato Silvia , Sciarrone Andrea 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTPrenatal diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) congenital anomalies is possible in the second and third trimester. Earlier diagnosis is possible for some of these as the complex acranial/exencephaly/anencephaly and alobar holoprosencephaly (HPE).The knowledge of normal fetal brain development and its ultrasound images at the different weeks’ gestation, the expertise of operators, and high-resolution equipment are essential to obtain good results.The diagnosis in the first trimester of some major anomalies incompatible with extrauterine life or associated with severe handicap is useful to inform the couple, to perform additional examinations, and provide them with the option of earlier and safer pregnancy termination.For some other conditions, like agenesis of corpus callosum and hypoplasia or absence of cerebellar vermis, the diagnosis is possible only in the second trimester, so beware not to falsely reassure or scare expecting parents.In conclusion, first trimester ultrasound could be useful for early detection of some CNS anomalies, but caution could be used for others, particularly in counseling couples about prognostic significant of ultrasound findings.How to cite this articleViora E, Polarolo G, Bastonero S, Gullino E, Stillavato S, Sciarrone A. Central Nervous System Anomalies Detectable in the First Trimester. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(4):261-267.
Ventriculomegaly
Authors: Capuano Pasquale , Sciarrone Andrea , Di Cagno Luca , Cialdella Mariangela 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
Fetal cerebral ventriculomegaly (VM) is defined as an enlargement of the lateral ventricles of the developing fetal brain. It is diagnosed when the width of one or both lateral ventricles, measured at the level of the atrium, is ≥10 mm. Ventriculomegaly is defined as mild when the atrial width is 10 to 12 mm, moderate 12.1 to 15 mm, and severe >15 mm. It can be isolated, but often is a sign of different pathological conditions. Since the prognosis in cases of VM depends mainly on the associated anomalies, a careful examination of the fetus, particularly of the brain, is mandatory. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be a useful diagnostic tool complementary to ultrasound in order to recognize subtle brain anomalies, such as neuronal migration and proliferation disorders. In this review article, the diagnostic workup, the counseling, and the outcome of fetal VM are discussed.

How to cite this article
D’Addario V, Di Cagno L, Capuano P, Cialdella M. Ventriculomegaly. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(4):276-281.
Fetal Central Nervous System and Infectious Diseases
Authors: Masini Lucia , Apicella Massimo , Luca Carmen De , Valentini Piero , Manfredi Riccardo , Lanzone Antonio , Santis Marco De 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
Maternal infectious diseases are frequent complications of pregnancy and can cause negative outcomes. Perinatal infections can cause serious damage to fetal central nervous system (CNS), but incidence of symptomatic congenital infections at birth is low. Complete and multidisciplinary (obstetric, infectologist, microbiologist, neonatologist/pediatrician, psychologist) evaluation of the pregnant women is crucial to define fetal prognosis. The ultrasound (US) surveillance has an irreplaceable role in identifying serious fetal damage and complications. Complete evaluation of the fetus in selected cases needs to be integrated with invasive prenatal diagnosis, particularly amniocentesis, which has optimal predictive values in excluding vertical transmission, and fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which can add important anatomical detail when fetal CNS damage is suspected. Congenital infections, furthermore, need to be considered in differential diagnosis of some common abnormal CNS findings at prenatal US. With the present review, we intend to provide an overview of the major perinatal infections and the role of US diagnosis in their assessment to recognize fetal CNS damage. We highlight the most recognizable syndromes due to congenital infections by linking etiopathogenesis with pathology and imaging. In particular, we focus on US diagnostic and prognostic values in relation to other invasive and noninvasive prenatal diagnosis options and summarize up-to-date recommendations on US evaluation of most common findings. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common cause of congenital infection, while Toxoplasmosis is the most preventable cause of infectious CNS damage; rubella, varicella virus, and herpes viruses, even if rarely, may be responsible for extremely serious fetal damage, while Zika virus is an emerging concern on global scale.

How to cite this article
Masini L, Apicella M, De Luca C, Valentini P, Manfredi R, Lanzone A, De Santis M. Fetal Central Nervous System and Infectious Diseases. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(4):314-327.
Central Nervous System and Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Arduini Maurizio 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
Children with congenital heart diseases (CHD) are at increased risk of neurodevelopmental delay (NDD). In fetuses with CHD, blood streaming in the brain may be partially deoxygenated. Signs of cerebrovascular autoregulation comparable to the “brain-sparing effect” in growth-restricted fetuses may be shown in fetuses with CHD depending on the type of heart disease. This effect appears to be predominantly present in fetuses with left-side obstructive lesions (LSOL). During prenatal counseling, it is recommended to mention the possibility of an increased risk of NDD. The severity of this impairment varies from the type of CHD, being highest up to 40 to 45% in lesions with univentricular heart hemodynamics, such as hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). The prenatal life plays an important role in determining postnatal neurodevelopmental functions, but the severity of NDD in fetuses with CHD cannot be predicted prenatally.

How to cite this article
Arduini M. Central Nervous System and Cardiovascular Diseases. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(4):362-366.
Fungal Infective Endocarditis mimicking Atrial Myxoma: Transesophageal Echocardiography Assessment
Authors: Irpachi Kalpna , Makhija Neeti , Rajashekar Palleti , Bharat Siddharth Ch 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
Infective endocarditis (IE) accounts for 0.5 to 1 of every 1,000 hospital admissions. This case describes a left atrial mass of fungal etiology mimicking an atrial myxoma. At times, the diagnosis of mass in left atrium can be a challenge, which is discussed in this report.

How to cite this article
Makhija N, Irpachi K, Rajashekar P, Siddharth CB. Fungal Infective Endocarditis mimicking Atrial Myxoma: Transesophageal Echocardiography Assessment. J Perioper Echocardiogr 2017;5(2):82-85.
Atmospheric carbonyl sulfide (OCS) measured remotely by FTIR solar absorption spectrometry
Authors: Toon Geoffrey C. , Blavier Jean-Francois L. , Sung Keeyoon 
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Atmospheric OCS abundances have been retrieved from infrared spectra measured by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) MkIV Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectrometer during 24 balloon flights and during nearly 1100 days of ground-based observations since 1985. Our spectral fitting approach uses broad windows to enhance the precision and robustness of the retrievals. Since OCS has a vertical profile similar in shape to that of N2O, and since tropospheric N2O is very stable, we reference the OCS observations to those of N2O, measured simultaneously in the same air mass, to remove the effects of stratospheric transport, allowing a clearer assessment of secular changes in OCS. Balloon measurements reveal less than 5 % change in stratospheric OCS amounts over the past 25 years. Ground-based measurements reveal a springtime peak of tropospheric OCS, followed by a rapid early-summer decrease, similar to the behavior of CO2. This results in a peak-to-peak seasonal cycle of 5–6 % of the total OCS column at northern mid-latitudes. In the long-term tropospheric OCS record, a 5 % decrease is seen from 1990 to 2002, followed by a 5 % increase from 2003 to 2012.
Differential response of carbon cycling to long-term nutrient input and altered hydrological conditions in a continental Canadian peatland
Authors: Berger Sina , Praetzel Leandra S. E. , Goebel Marie , Blodau Christian , Knorr Klaus-Holger 
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Peatlands play an important role in global carbon cycling, but
their responses to long-term anthropogenically changed hydrologic conditions
and nutrient infiltration are not well known. While experimental manipulation
studies, e.g., fertilization or water table manipulations, exist on the plot
scale, only few studies have addressed such factors under in situ conditions.
Therefore, an ecological gradient from the center to the periphery of a continental
Canadian peatland bordering a eutrophic water reservoir, as reflected by
increasing nutrient input, enhanced water level fluctuations, and increasing
coverage of vascular plants, was used for a case study of carbon cycling
along a sequence of four differently altered sites. We monitored carbon
dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) surface fluxes and dissolved
inorganic carbon (DIC) and CH4 concentrations in peat profiles from
April 2014 through September 2015. Moreover, we studied bulk peat and
pore-water quality and we applied δ13C–CH4 and
δ13C–CO2 stable isotope abundance analyses to
examine dominant CH4 production and emission pathways during the
growing season of 2015. We observed differential responses of carbon cycling
at the four sites, presumably driven by abundances of plant functional types
and vicinity to the reservoir. A shrub-dominated site in close vicinity to
the reservoir was a comparably weak sink for CO2 (in
1.5 years: −1093 ± 794, in 1 year:
+135 ± 281 g CO2 m−2; a net release) as compared
to two graminoid-moss-dominated sites and a moss-dominated site (in
1.5 years: −1552 to −2260 g CO2 m−2, in
1 year: −896 to −1282 g CO2 m−2). Also, the shrub-dominated site featured notably low DIC pore-water concentrations
and
comparably 13C-enriched CH4
(δ13C– CH4: −57.81 ± 7.03 ‰) and
depleted CO2 (δ13C–CO2:
−15.85 ± 3.61 ‰) in a more decomposed peat, suggesting
a higher share of CH4 oxidation and differences in predominant
methanogenic pathways. In comparison to all other sites, the graminoid-moss-dominated site in closer vicinity to the reservoir featured
a ∼ 30 % higher CH4 emission (in 1.5 years:
+61.4 ± 32, in 1 year:
+39.86 ± 16.81 g CH4 m−2). Low
δ13C–CH4 signatures
(−62.30 ± 5.54 ‰) indicated only low mitigation of
CH4 emissions by methanotrophic activity here. Pathways of
methanogenesis and methanotrophy appeared to be related to the vicinity to
the water reservoir: the importance of acetoclastic CH4 production
apparently increased toward the reservoir, whereas the importance of
CH4 oxidation increased toward the peatland center. Plant-mediated
transport was the prevailing CH4 emission pathway at all sites even
where graminoids were rare. Our study thus illustrates accelerated carbon
cycling in a strongly altered peatland with consequences for CO2 and
CH4 budgets. However, our results suggest that long-term excess
nutrient input does not necessarily lead to a loss of the peatland carbon
sink function.
Adaptive Cost Accounting Control: Issues in Realizing Deming Synergy
Authors: Gaber Mohamed , Lusk Edward J. 
Published: February 2018

We report on a consultation addressing the re-configuration of a Standards Cost Accounting System of a major MNC. We identified two fundamental theoretical issues pertinent to this re-configuration: Their Standards Cost Accounting [SCA] System was (1) not adaptive within their control time frame, and (2) the holistic systemic protocols espoused by W. Edwards Deming were not used to condition the decision-making framework addressing control. We developed an adaptive Decision Support System [SCA:DSS] that offered the following integrated systemic features: (i) The SCA:DSS is parametrized using the Marketing/Sales sub-budget as approved by corporate-level management and (ii) is used to set the control standards for direct Materials & Labor costs and ABC related allocations, (iii) A detailed interactive profiling of production activity is produced at a time when adaptive corrective actions would still be reasonably possible, and (iv) Adaptive: Best, Stasis and Corrective Action Cases regarding the effect of these corrective actions on the contribution margin are displayed. However, even given the adaptive design features and the explicit designs to effect holistic integration over the pilot division and the central headquarters of the firm, the SCA: DSS failed to be implemented. We offer valuable insights into this failure-to-launch that may be indispensable in effecting a synergetic environment where adaptive holistic cost control may be realized. In this paper all of the technical functionalities of the SCA: DSS are detailed and a working illustration is provided. The SCA: DSS is offered as a free download without restrictions to its use.