bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immobilization in external rotation vs internal rotation after shoulder dislocation
Authors: Cui Xin , Liang Long , Zhang Hongyan , Zhao Jing , Li Yongyao , Cheng Hao , Wang Shiheng , Zhang Yue 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background:
Dislocation of shoulder joint is the most prone to occurrence in all joints of human body, which is common in young people and has a high recurrence rate. It is mainly treated by conservative treatment. External rotation and internal rotation fixation are 2 common conservative therapies in clinical practice. Therefore, we conduct this systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the 2 treatments.

Methods:
Nine electronic databases, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and ClinicalTrials.gov, CNKI, Wanfang Database and VIP Database, will be searched to find and include randomized controlled trials that meet inclusion criteria. RevMan5.3 will be used for data analysis and synthesis in this study. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis will also be performed if necessary. In addition, GRADE will be used in the evaluation of evidence hierarchy.

Results:
This study will analyze and integrate the original evidence so far for clinical efficacy and safety of immobilization in external rotation and internal rotation on shoulder dislocation.

Conclusion:
The conclusion of this study will conclude higher evidence and suggestions for the treatment of shoulder dislocation, so as to further guide clinical decision making.

PROSPERO registration number:
CRD42018106030.
Associations between gastric cancer risk and virus infection other than Epstein-Barr virus
Authors: Wang Rui , Liu Kai , Chen Xin-Zu 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background:
Gastric cancer is one of the infection associated malignancies. In addition to Helicobacter pylori and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), other oncoviruses might play potential roles in the development of gastric cancer. Associations of oncoviruses other than EBV with gastric cancer risk are aimed to be comprehensively reviewed and assessed in this systematic review and meta-analysis, to identify any potentially causative oncovirus. It might be informative to identify or deny certain oncoviruses which are candidates of risk factor for gastric cancer. To our knowledge, there is no comprehensive review on oncoviruses other than EBV associated with gastric cancer risk. Positive findings might be helpful to suggest further mechanism investigation and high-risk subpopulation recommendation.

Methods:
PubMed database will be searched up to Dec 31, 2018. The studies, compared the positivity of any oncovirus other than EBV between cases with histologically proven gastric cancer and healthy or nonmalignant controls, are eligible. The detection of oncovirus either in tissue or blood is acceptable. Selection, quality assessment (Newcastle-Ottawa Scale), and data extraction of eligible studies will be performed by 2 independent reviewers. Pooled prevalence of any oncovirus will be combined by meta-analysis for rate. Pooled odds ratio between gastric cancer cases and controls will be estimated by meta-analysis. Heterogeneity and publication bias will be tested. In sensitivity analysis, the leave-one-out method and exclusion of low power studies will be applied where applicable.

Results:
This review was not submitted for any ethical approval due to the literature-based nature. The results will be published in a journal and presented at conferences for academic purposes.
Registration number was CRD42015029703 in the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews.

Conclusions:
To our knowledge, there is no comprehensive review on oncoviruses other than EBV associated with gastric cancer risk. Positive findings might be helpful to suggest further mechanism investigation and high-risk subpopulation recommendation.
Mid-arm circumference method is invalid to estimate the body weight of elderly Emergency Department patients in the Netherlands
Authors: Opdam Marieke H. , Koekkoek Kristine W.A.C. , Boeije Tom , Mullaart Nieke , van Zanten Arthur R.H. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In the Emergency Department (ED) actual body weight (ABW) is essential for accurate drug dosing. Frequently, the ABW is unknown and direct measurement troublesome. A method using the mid-arm circumference (MAC) to estimate ABW has been developed and validated in the United States of America (USA). This study aimed to validate the MAC-formula for estimating ABW in the Dutch population and compare its performance within the American population.
Data were obtained from the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) and extracted from the American National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) datasets. We included all subjects’ ≥70 years whose MAC and weight were recorded and obtained additional anthropometric data. We used the equation: kg = 4 × MAC-50 to estimate the ABW of all subjects and compared results.
We retrieved 723 and 972 subjects from the Dutch and American dataset, respectively. The MAC is better correlated with ABW in the American dataset when compared with the Dutch dataset (Pearson r = 0.84 and 0.68, respectively). Bland-Altman bias was –7.49 kg (Limits-of-Agreement [LOA] –27.5 to 12.27 kg) and –0.50 kg (LOA –20.99 to 19.99 kg) in the Dutch and American datasets, respectively.
The MAC based formula to estimate ABW is a promising tool for the elderly American population. However it is not accurate within the Dutch elderly ED population. Consequently, it is not applicable to Dutch EDs. This study highlights that the results of anthropometric studies performed within the USA are not per se generalizable to the European population.
Efficacy of denosumab for restoring normal bone mineral density in women receiving adjuvant aromatase inhibitors for early breast cancer
Authors: Sakaguchi Koichi , Ono Hisako , Nakatsukasa Katsuhiko , Ishikawa Takashi , Hasegawa Yoshie , Takahashi Masato , Niikura Naoki , Koizumi Kei , Sakurai Teruhisa , Shigematsu Hideo , Takahashi Shunji , Taira Shinichiro , Suzuki Masato , Narui Kazutaka , Miura Daishu , Yamada Kimito , Yoshimura Mana , Shioya Hisashi , Konishi Eiichi , Isao Yokota , Imai Kojiro , Fujikawa Kei , Taguchi Tetsuya 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background:
Osteoporosis is a major side effect of aromatase inhibitors (AIs), which are greatly effective in the treatment of breast cancer. However, there are no satisfactory measures against osteoporosis. In this multicenter, randomized, comparative study, we evaluate the efficacy of denosumab for preventing loss of bone mineral density (BMD) induced by adjuvant therapy with AI s in breast cancer patients with normal BMD.

Patients and methods:
The bone loss-suppressing effect of denosumab will be comparatively evaluated in postmenopausal patients scheduled to receive letrozole or anastrozole as a postoperative endocrine therapy for stage I–IIIA hormone-sensitive breast cancer and a control group. Patients will be administered letrozole 2.5 mg or anastrozole 1 mg once a day, and the treatment will be continued for 5 years unless recurrence, secondary cancer, or unacceptable toxicity develops. Patients in the denosumab group will receive a subcutaneous injection of 60 mg of denosumab every 6 months. The primary endpoint is the rate of change in the lumbar spine (L1–L4) BMD, as determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), 12 months after the start of the injection. The secondary endpoints were

Ethics and dissemination:
The protocol was approved by the institutional review boards of Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine and all the participating faculties. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients before registration, in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Results of the study will be disseminated via publications in peer-reviewed journals.

Trial registration:
Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT03324932, Japan Registry of Clinical Trial (jRCT): CRB5180001.
Transanal endorectal pull-through procedure versus transabdominal surgery for Hirschsprung disease
Authors: Yan Bei-lei , Bi Le-wee , Yang Qian-yu , Wu Xue-si , Cui Hua-lei 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective:
To analyze the clinical results of transanal endorectal pull-through (TERPT) and transabdominal approach (TAB) in the treatment of Hirschsprung disease.

Methods:
We searched all publications in the PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane library databases between January 2003 and November 2018. The study included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational clinical studies (OCSs), to compare the surgery duration, length of postoperative hospital stay, incidence of postoperative incontinence/soiling, constipation, and enterocolitis between the TERPT and TAB groups. Mantel-Haenszel method was used for continuous variables, the combined odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for dichotomous variables were used.

Results:
In the 87 studies, we include 1 case of RCTs and 9 cases of OCSs. Including 392 cases of TERPT and 332 cases of TAB groups. TERPT has a short postoperative hospitalization [mean difference (MD) = −6.74 day; 95% CIs; −13.26 to −0.23; P = .04], and a low incidence of postoperative incontinence (ORs = 0.54; 95% CIs, 0.35–0.83; P = .006) and constipation (ORs = 0.50; 95% CIs, 0.28–0.90; P = .02). There was no difference in duration of surgery (MD = −30.59 min; 95% CIs, −98.01–36.83; P = .37) and incidence of postoperative enterocolitis (ORs = 0.78; 95% CIs, 0.53–1.17; P = .23).

Conclusion:
TERPT is superior to TAB in terms of hospitalization time, postoperative incontinence, and constipation. However, there are still a large number of RCTs to verify, and more trials are expected to be testified in the future.
Effects of patient age on outcomes after carotid endarterectomy
Authors: Jeong Min-Jae , Kwon Sun U. , Kim Min-Ju , Han Youngjin , Kwon Tae-Won , Cho Yong-Pil 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In this single-center, retrospective study, we aimed to compare early and late outcomes after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) between younger and elderly patients and to investigate the impact of patient age on the overall incidence of cardiovascular events after CEA.
A total of 613 patients with 675 CEAs between January 2007 and December 2014 were stratified by patient age into 2 groups: younger (≤60 years, n = 103 CEAs, 15.3%) and elderly (>60 years, n = 572 CEAs, 84.7%) groups. The study outcomes were defined as the occurrence of major adverse events (MAEs), including fatal or nonfatal stroke or myocardial infarction (MI), or any-cause mortality, and overall cardiovascular events (meaning the composite incidence of stroke or MI) during the perioperative period and within 4 years after CEA.
Although there were no significant differences in the incidence of 30-day MAEs and any of the individual MAE manifestations between the 2 groups, the differences in the MAE incidence (P = .006) and any-cause mortality (P = .023) within 4 years after CEA were significantly greater in patients in the elderly group. For overall incidence of cardiovascular events, no significant difference was noted between the 2 groups (P = .096). On multivariate analysis, older age (>60 years) did not affect the incidence of perioperative MAEs and individual MAE manifestations; however, older age was significantly associated with an increased risk of 4-year MAEs (hazard ratio [HR], 3.68, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35–10.0; P = .011) and any-cause mortality (HR, 3.26, 95% CI, 1.02–10.5; P = .047). With regard to the 4-year overall incidence of cardiovascular events, older age was not an independent predictor of increased risk of these cardiovascular events.
Our study indicates that the risks of perioperative MAEs and the 4-year overall incidence of cardiovascular events do not significantly differ between younger and elderly Korean patients undergoing CEA, although there was a higher risk of 4-year any-cause mortality in the elderly patients. Older age does not appear to be an independent risk factor for perioperative MAEs and overall cardiovascular events within 4 years after CEA.
Study on the long-term curative effect of repeat percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty in patients with mitral restenosis
Authors: Zhang Ling , Hou Jiliu , Duan Yulong , Chen Junjun , Du Huijuan , Shi Zhengang 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
To study the long-term curative effect of repeat percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV) in patients with mitral restenosis.
In our study, mitral restenosis developed in 39 patients after PBMV. Repeat PBMV was performed according to the improved Inoue method. All patients were followed up.
Of 39 patients, 36 were successfully treated with repeat PBMV (achievement ratio, 92.3%). Immediately after repeat PBMV, clinical symptoms and left atrial mean pressure (LAP), pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP), mitral valve gradient (MVG), and mitral valve orifice area (MVA) improved significantly (24.50 ± 6.54 mmHg vs 9.66 ± 4.21 mmHg for LAP, 1.05 ± 0.19 cm2 vs 2.23 ± 0.22 cm2 for MVA, 17.03 ± 4.52 mmHg vs 7.79 ± 4.07 mmHg for MVG, 58.12 ± 12.68 mmHg vs 31.45 ± 10.02 mmHg for PASP; P <.05). Meanwhile, left atrial end-diastolic dimension (LAD) was altered slightly (4.71 ± 0.75 vs 4.07 ± 0.69, P >.05). The 36 patients were followed up for 69 ± 23 (12–146) months. After long-term follow-up immediately after repeat PBMV, the results did not show a significant change (2.23 ± −0.22 cm2 vs 2.02 ± −0.21 cm2 for MVA, 7.79 ± −4.07 mmHg vs 9.15 ± -4.11 mmHg for MVG; P >.05) and were approximated to those shortly after repeat PBMV (2.23 ± 0.22 cm2 vs 2.02 ± 0.21 cm2 for MVA, 7.79 ± 4.07 mmHg vs 9.15 ± 4.11 mmHg for MVG; P > 0.05). LAD did not change significantly (4.13 ± 0.71 cm vs. 4.07 ± 0.69 cm; P >.05). The long-term follow-up results showed that cardiac function and quality of life were significantly improved in most patients.
It would be safe for patients with mitral restenosis to undergo repeat PBMV. Appropriate cases should be selected, and treatment should be performed cautiously. Short- and long-term curative effects would be satisfactory. We suggested that repeat PBMV be the first choice for patients with mitral restenosis after first PBMV.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of mortality in lung cancer
Authors: Chen Yifei , Kang Lili , Zhu Ying , Jing Chuanhong , Chen Yifei , Kang Lili , Zhu Ying 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background:
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) especially aspirin has been gained increasing attention due to its potential therapy against to lung cancer. Previous investigations have showed different findings in this issue. We studied the safety profile and efficacy of NSAIDs in treating lung cancer.

Method:
Embase, Pubmed, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from January 2011 to February 2019. We identified the studies meeting a priori inclusion criteria and it also conducted a secondary review. This meta-analysis of 5 prospective studies was launched to evaluate the effect of NSAIDs for patients with lung cancer on the hazard risk (HR). We used the Random-Effect Model to assess pooled HR and between-study heterogeneity. Application of subgroup analysis, meta-regression, as well as sensitivity analysis was to pinpoint the exact sources of the observed heterogeneity.

Results:
5 Prospective Cohorts Studies, including 6017 patients with lung cancer were recruited in the final meta-analysis. In general, using of NSAIDs especially aspirin is not associated with mortality of lung cancer: pooled hazard ratio (HR) of 0.88 [95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.73–1.05] with low heterogeneity (Q = 6.95; I
2 = 42.4%, P = .139). Egger (P = .665) and Begg (P = 1.000) test also showed little trial error in this meta-analysis.

Conclusion:
NSAIDs did not increase the risk of mortality in patients with lung cancer.
Reconstruction of animal bite injuries to the head and neck
Authors: Mendoza Joshua M. , Chi John J. 
Published: August 2019

Purpose of review
The aim if this review is to provide an update on the existing literature of animal bite treatment strategies and provide a systematic approach to animal bites from presentation to reconstruction.

Recent findings
Dog bites cause 80–90% of animal bites with 26.8–56.5% occurring in the head and neck. Infection rates may be as low as 5.7–9.7%. Primary closure alone is sufficient in 69.8% of dog bites within the first 24 h.

Summary
Animal bite injuries to the head and neck are common, especially in the younger population. Dogs cause a majority of these bite injuries. Injuries can include simple lacerations or punctures, avulsions with tissue present, or avulsions with loss of tissue. The most common locations are the cheek, nose, and lips. It is important to gather the vaccination status of the animal and patient and to administer tetanus/rabies prophylaxis if indicated. Antibiotics are typically prescribed for 3–5 and 7–14 days for uninfected and infected wounds, respectively. These wounds require evaluation, irrigation, and occasionally debridement or repair in the operating room. The type of repair is determined based on the location and extent of injury and can range from primary closure to microsurgical replantation, skin grafts, flaps, or even facial transplantation.
How far can we go with hepatocellular carcinoma in living donor liver transplantation?
Authors: Limkemann Ashley J.P. , Abreu Phillipe , Sapisochin Gonzalo 
Published: August 2019

Purpose of review
Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) in the setting of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been adopted worldwide over the past decade. Many centers have implemented LDLT because of the limited supply of deceased organs, which has also provided an opportunity for centers to expand the indication for transplantation for patients with HCC.

Recent findings
Center-specific expanded HCC criteria have proven to be well tolerated in terms of overall and disease-free survival when compared with the standard, Milan criteria. There is a need to overcome size and number as the sole limiters. New technologies to better predict outcomes after liver transplantation for HCC, response to treatments and/or bridging therapies while waiting for a liver transplantation, along with determining tumour behaviour are being incorporated into criteria. Improved outcomes of LDLT for all causes has increased utilization of the procedure for HCC patients worldwide.

Summary
LDLT has become a great treatment option for HCC patients. Progressively better understanding of tumour behaviour and different surrogates of tumour biology assessments will allow better patient selection for LDLT.
Serologic, but Not Genetic, Markers Are Associated With Impaired Anthropometrics at Diagnosis of Pediatric Crohn's Disease
Authors: Naramore Sara K. , Bennett William E. , Jiang Guanglong , Kugathasan Subra , Denson Lee A. , Hyams Jeffrey S. , Steiner Steven J. ,   PRO‐KIIDS Research Group
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTObjectives:Children with Crohn's disease may present with malnutrition and linear growth impairment, which can be secondary to insufficient caloric intake, chronic inflammation, malabsorption, and suppression of growth‐promoting hormones. We evaluated clinical, serologic, and genetic data to determine risk factors for impaired anthropometrics in Crohn's disease at diagnosis.Methods:Our study evaluated 772 children newly diagnosed with Crohn's disease, inflammatory phenotype, enrolled in the RISK Stratification Project to determine the factors associated with anthropometric impairment. Data were collected on demographics, growth parameters, disease location, serologic and immunologic markers, and disease severity. We performed a genome‐wide association study of genetic polymorphisms associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Regression analysis determined associations between anthropometrics and clinical, serologic, and genetic variables.Results:There were 59 (7%) children with height z score <−2, 126 (14%) with a weight z score <−2, and 156 (17%) with a body mass index z score <−2. Linear growth impairment was associated with hypoalbuminemia (P = 0.0052), elevated granulocyte‐macrophage colony stimulating factor autoantibodies (P = 0.0110), and elevated CBir antibodies against flagellin (P = 0.0117). Poor weight gain was associated with female sex (P = 0.0401), hypoalbuminemia (P = 0.0162), and thrombocytosis (P = 0.0081). Malnutrition was associated with hypoalbuminemia (P = 0.0061) and thrombocytosis (P = 0.0011). Children with moderate or severe disease had lower weight (P = 0.02 and P = 1.16×10−6, respectively) and body mass index z scores (P = 2.7 × 10−3 and P = 1.01 × 10−6, respectively) than children with quiescent and mild disease. There was no association between age of diagnosis, Tanner stage, or disease location and having impaired anthropometrics. There was no genome‐wide association between the genetic polymorphisms and the serologic variables and anthropometric measurements.Conclusions:This is the largest study evaluating growth in treatment‐naïve children with Crohn's disease, inflammatory phenotype. It is the first study to use genome‐wide sequencing to assess for genetic determinants of growth impairment. Granulocyte‐macrophage colony stimulating factor autoantibodies and CBir antibodies are more likely to be elevated in children with growth impairment. Future investigations should evaluate the relationship between genetic polymorphisms, pathologic immune responses, and the biological pathways regulating growth.
The Evolution of State-Based Dental Sealant Programs in Oregon Within the Context of the State Health Care Transformation Process
Authors: Johnson Laurie L. , Schwarz Eli , Rosenberg Kenneth D. 
Published: August 2019

Context:
The 2007 Oregon Smile Survey of first, second, and third graders found that, since the first (2002) Smile Survey, all major measures of Oregon children's oral health had worsened. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends 2 interventions proven effective in preventing dental caries (cavities) in a population: community water fluoridation and school dental sealant programs. Repeated attempts at the state level to mandate water fluoridation had failed. State government therefore moved to increase the number of school dental sealant programs.

Objectives:
The objective of this article is to demonstrate how 2 interventions and subsequent statewide collaboration addressed the deterioration of children's oral health from 2002 to 2007.

Design:
An 11-year observational study to increase the number of schools in Oregon with dental sealant programs in the state of Oregon during health care transformation.

Interventions:
(1) Providing state general funds for a state school dental sealant program and (2) establishing an incentivized sealant metric for the Coordinated Care Organizations contracted to serve the Medicaid population.

Results:
In school year (SY) 2006-2007, only 26% (n = 92) of the state's eligible elementary schools had dental sealant programs. By SY 2013-2014, the use of state general funds increased the number of schools served to 78% (363 schools). By SY 2017-2018, with the establishment of the sealant metric, state and local programs served 92% (n = 473) of the eligible early elementary grades and 65% (n = 172) of the newly eligible middle school grades.

Conclusion:
Providing state general funds and establishing a sealant metric increased the number of schools served by school dental sealant programs and may have contributed to recent improvements in oral health.