bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
J‐difference‐edited MRS measures of γ‐aminobutyric acid before and after acute caffeine administration
Authors: Oeltzschner Georg , Zöllner Helge J. , Jonuscheit Marc , Lanzman Rotem S. , Schnitzler Alfons , Wittsack Hans‐Jörg 
Published: May 2018

PurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate potential effects of acute caffeine intake on J‐difference‐edited MRS measures of the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA).MethodsJ‐difference‐edited Mescher‐Garwood PRESS (MEGA‐PRESS) and conventional PRESS data were acquired at 3T from voxels in the anterior cingulate and occipital area of the brain in 15 healthy subjects, before and after oral intake of a 200‐mg caffeine dose. MEGA‐PRESS data were analyzed with the MATLAB‐based Gannet tool to estimate GABA+ macromolecule (GABA+) levels, while PRESS data were analyzed with LCModel to estimate levels of glutamate, glutamate+glutamine, N‐acetylaspartate, and myo‐inositol. All metabolites were quantified with respect to the internal reference compounds creatine and tissue water, and compared between the pre‐ and post‐caffeine intake condition.ResultsFor both MRS voxels, mean GABA+ estimates did not differ before and after caffeine intake. Slightly lower estimates of myo‐inositol were observed after caffeine intake in both voxels. N‐acetylaspartate, glutamate, and glutamate+glutamine did not show significant differences between conditions.ConclusionMean GABA+ estimates from J‐difference‐edited MRS in two different brain regions are not altered by acute oral administration of caffeine. These findings may increase subject recruitment efficiency for MRS studies.
Long Exercise Test in Periodic Paralysis: A Bayesian Analysis
Authors: Simmons Daniel B. , Lanning Julie , Cleland James C. , Puwanant Araya , Twydell Paul T. , Griggs Robert C. , Tawil Rabi , Logigian Eric L. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The long exercise test (LET) is used to assess the diagnosis of periodic paralysis (PP), but LET methodology and normal “cutoff” values vary. Methods: To determine optimal LET methodology and cutoffs, we reviewed LET data (abductor digiti minimi motor response amplitude, area) from 55 patients with PP (32 genetically definite) and 125 controls. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed, and area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to compare (1) peak‐to‐nadir versus baseline‐to‐nadir methodologies and (2) amplitude versus area decrements. Using bayesian principles, we calculated optimal cutoff decrements that achieved 95% posttest probability of PP for various pretest probabilities (PreTPs). Results: AUC was highest for peak‐to‐nadir methodology and equal for amplitude and area decrements. For PreTP ≤ 50%, optimal decrement cutoffs (peak‐to‐nadir) were > 40% (amplitude) or > 50% (area). Discussion: For confirmation of PP, our data endorse the diagnostic utility of peak‐to‐nadir LET methodology using 40% amplitude or 50% area decrement cutoffs for PreTP ≤50%. Muscle Nerve 59:47–54, 2019
Post‐polio syndrome and the late effects of poliomyelitis: Part 2. treatment, management, and prognosis
Authors: Lo Julian K. , Robinson Lawrence R. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTPost‐polio syndrome (PPS) is characterized by new muscle weakness and/or muscle fatigability that occurs many years after the initial poliomyelitis illness. An individualized approach to rehabilitation management is critical. Interventions may include rehabilitation management strategies, adaptive equipment, orthotic equipment, gait/mobility aids, and a variety of therapeutic exercises. The progression of muscle weakness in PPS is typically slow and gradual; however, there is also variability in both the natural history of weakness and functional prognosis. Further research is required to determine the effectiveness of selected medical treatment. Muscle Nerve 58:760–769, 2018
Postpolio syndrome and the late effects of poliomyelitis. Part 1. pathogenesis, biomechanical considerations, diagnosis, and investigations
Authors: Lo Julian K. , Robinson Lawrence R. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTPostpolio syndrome (PPS) is characterized by new muscle weakness and/or muscle fatigability that occurs many years after the initial poliomyelitis illness. Many theories exist regarding the pathogenesis of PPS, which remains incompletely understood. In contrast, the late effects of poliomyelitis are often a consequence of biomechanical alterations that occur as a result of polio‐related surgeries, musculoskeletal deformities, or weakness. Osteoporosis and fractures of the polio‐involved limbs are common. A comprehensive clinical evaluation with appropriate investigations is essential to fulfilling the established PPS diagnostic criteria. PPS is a diagnosis of exclusion in which a key clinical feature required for the diagnosis is new muscle weakness and/or muscle fatigability that is persistent for at least 1 year. Electromyographic and muscle biopsy findings including evidence of ongoing denervation cannot reliably distinguish between patients with or without PPS. Muscle Nerve 58:751–759, 2018
Robust topology optimization of phononic crystals with random field uncertainty
Authors: Zhang Xiaopeng , He Jingjie , Takezawa Akihiro , Kang Zhan 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThe uncertain spatial variation of material properties can remarkably affect the band gap characteristics of phononic crystals (PnCs). It is necessary to consider this issue when designing and manufacturing PnC materials/structures. This paper investigates a robust topology optimization method for designing the microstructures of PnCs by considering random‐field material properties. Herein, the spatial distribution of the material properties is first represented by a random field and then discretized into uncorrelated stochastic variables with the expansion optimal linear estimation method; stochastic band gap analysis is then conducted with polynomial chaos expansion. Furthermore, a robust topology optimization formulation of PnCs is proposed on the basis of the relative elemental density, where a weighted objective function handles the compromise of the mean value and standard deviation of the PnC band gap. The band gap response is analyzed, employing the finite element method for each sample of polynomial chaos expansion. In this context, the sensitivities of the stochastic band gap behaviors to the design variables are also derived. Numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed method can generate meaningful optimal topologies of PnCs with a relatively large width and less sensitive band gap. Additionally, the effects of the weight factors in the objective function and the variation coefficient of material properties are discussed.
Effects of consuming a high‐protein diet with or without soy protein during weight loss and maintenance: a non‐inferiority, randomized clinical efficacy trial
Authors: Speaker K. J. , Sayer R. D. , Peters J. C. , Foley H. N. , Pan Z. , Wyatt H. R. , Flock M. R. , Mukherjea R. , Hill J. O. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryObjectiveThis 12‐month randomized, non‐inferiority clinical trial sought to determine the impact of consuming soy protein as part of an energy‐restricted, high‐protein diet on weight loss, body composition and cardiometabolic health.MethodsSeventy‐one adults (58 female) with overweight or obesity (body mass index: 32.9 ± 3.6 kg m−2) were randomly assigned to consume three servings of soy (S) or non‐soy (NS) protein foods per day for 12 months. All participants completed a group‐based behavioural weight loss program lasting 4 months (M4), and follow‐up assessments were completed at month 12 (M12).ResultsBody weight was reduced in both groups at M4 (S: −7.0% ± 5.2%, NS: −7.1% ± 5.7%) and M12 (S: 3.6% ± 5.1%, NS: −4.8% ± 7.3%). Body weight reductions (mean difference [90% confidence interval]) were not different between S and NS at either time point (M4: −0.16% [−1.4, 3.6], P = 0.90; M12: 1.1% [−1.4, 3.6], P = 0.44). Differences in body fat mass loss were not different between S and NS at M4 (0.29 ± 0.84 kg, P = 0.73) or M12 (0.78 ± 1.5 kg, P = 0.59). Weight loss‐induced improvements in cholesterol, triglycerides and blood pressure did not differ between S and NS.ConclusionThese results indicate that soy‐based protein foods can be effectively incorporated into an energy‐restricted, high‐protein diet for improving body weight, body composition and cardiometabolic health.
Prenatal sonographic description of fetuses affected by pyruvate dehydrogenase or pyruvate carboxylase deficiency
Authors: Egloff Charles , Eldin de Pecoulas Aurelia , Mechler Charlotte , Tassin Mikael , Mairovitz Valerie , Corrizi Frederic , Dussaux Chloe , Boutron Audrey , Simon Isabelle , Guet Agnes , Sibiude Jeanne , Mandelbrot Laurent , Picone Olivier 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectivePyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency (PDHD) and pyruvate carboxylase deficiency (PCD) are diseases with severe neonatal forms, and their low prevalence makes them difficult to diagnose during pregnancy. Our objective was to describe prenatal ultrasound features that may be suggestive of these diagnoses.MethodsWe analyzed 3 cases from our institution and reviewed 12 published cases of PDHD and 6 cases of PCD, recording all of the ultrasound signs, as well as magnetic resonance findings when available. Because of the small number of cases of PCD, we also included postnatal signs that could have been observed during imaging during pregnancy, for a total of 11 cases of PCD.ResultsWe conclude that PDHD can be suggested in the presence of ventriculomegaly or paraventricular cysts, associated with an abnormality of the cerebral parenchyma such as abnormal gyration or involvement of the corpus callosum. Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency can be suggested in the presence of ventriculomegaly, frontal horn impairment associated with subependymal, and paraventricular cysts.ConclusionWhen confronted to the ultrasound abnormalities we described, and after eliminating the most frequent etiologies, a metabolic deficiency should be considered. Furthermore, the hereditary character of these diseases makes that it is important to send the family with genetic advice in particular in case of history of a fetal death in utero or a death neonatal unexplained.
Prenatal diagnosis of megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome by biochemical analysis of fetal urine
Authors: Rosenblatt Jonathan , Dreux Sophie , Spaggiari Emmanuel , Morin Cécile , Allaf Bichr , Valat Anne Sylvie , Halim Danny , Oury Jean‐François , Muller Françoise 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of the study is to determine a model of fetal urine biochemical markers to differentiate megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome (MMIHS) from other megacystis.MethodThis is a retrospective study of biochemical analysis of fetal urine in patients who presented prenatally with megacystis. We studied β2‐microglobulin, sodium, calcium, and phosphorus. Twenty‐six patients subsequently diagnosed with MMIHS were compared with 2 control groups: one of end‐stage renal failure (64 fetuses) and the second of “good” postnatal renal function (control group, 64 fetuses).ResultsMean fetal urine β2‐microglobulin was significantly higher (P < .001) in end‐stage renal failure (15.7 mg/L) than in MMIHS (2.2 mg/L) and the control group (3.2 mg/L). Fetal urine profiles differed significantly (P < .001) between MMIHS and the control group: median sodium 46.5 and 51 mmol/L, median calcium 1.12 and 0.73 mmol/L, and median phosphorus 0.03 and 0.15 mmol/L respectively. Fetal urinary ionic index [ratio: calcium / (phosphorus × sodium)] gave an area under the ROC curve of 0.86, at 54% sensitivity and 97% specificity, with correct classification in 84% of cases. We defined a nomogram to obtain a probability for MMIHS.ConclusionFetal urinalysis can be helpful in prenatal differentiation of MMIHS from posterior urethral valves with good postnatal renal function.
Criss‐cross amphiphilic polymers and analogous model systems
Authors: Chakraborty Saheli , Ramakrishnan S. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTA new class of amphiphilic polymers carrying two pendant docosyl (C22) chains, located at periodic intervals that are separated by PEG chains of varying lengths, was synthesized via a simple melt‐transesterification polymerization, using dimethyl, 2,5‐didocosyloxyterephthalate as one of the monomers. DSC, variable temperature FT‐IR, and WAXS studies demonstrated that immiscibility between the pendant docosyl units and the backbone PEG segments drives their self‐segregation; this results in the crystallization of the pendant docosyl segments and the generation of a lamellar morphology with the alkyl segments and the PEG chains occupying alternate layers. Based on the study of model criss‐cross amphiphiles that resemble the polymer repeat unit, it is postulated that the chains reconfigure such that both the docosyl chains fold to one side of the terephthalate unit while the PEG segments form a loop on the other side; these chains then organize in a bilayer to form the lamellar structure. The simplicity of the synthesis and the rather unique properties of these polymers suggests that such a design could be translated to develop other interesting functional materials that could exploit the immiscibility‐driven microphase separation for the generation of sub‐10 nm domains; these could have potential applications, such as in membranes, solid polymer electrolyte formulations, and so forth. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 1554–1563
Synthesis of lightly crosslinked zwitterionic polymer‐based bioinspired adhesives for intestinal tissue sealing
Authors: Kim Minkyu , Ondrusek Brian A. , Lee Choogon , Douglas Wade G. , Chung Hoyong 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTIn this report, we have developed a new bioinspired medical adhesive capable of providing a leak‐proof barrier for application to intestinal anastomoses. The newly synthesized adhesive is a terpolymer possessing three different repeating units: (1) A zwitterionic polymer, poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (polySBMA), for increased hydrophilicity and biocompatibility, (2) a 3,4‐dihydroxy‐L‐phenylalanine (DOPA) segment which contains the catechol group, and (3) poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) for light crosslinking, which will be used to strengthen the polymer adhesion properties by providing debonding resistance. The chemical structure of the terpolymer, poly(N‐methacryloyl‐3,4‐dihydroxyl‐L‐phenylalanine‐co‐sulfobetaine methacrylate‐co‐poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate) (poly(MDOPA‐co‐SBMA‐co‐PEGDMA)), synthesized following a convenient and reproducible radical polymerization was clearly confirmed by 1H NMR. The terpolymer adhesive displayed the optimal adhesion properties when containing 1.5–2.5 mol % of crosslinker, PEGDMA, according to the measured maximum adhesion strength and work of adhesion, characterized by lap shear strength tests utilizing porcine skin. The adhesive did not show cytotoxicity when tested with human embryonic kidney (HEK293A) cells. Ex vivo anastomosis experiments using porcine intestine demonstrated that the new poly(MDOPA‐co‐SBMA‐co‐PEGDMA) is a promising biomedical adhesive which successfully prevents leakage from the sutured intestinal tissue. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 1564–1573
Cross‐metathesis of biorenewable dioxalates and diols to film‐forming degradable polyoxalates
Authors: Rajput Bhausaheb S. , Ram Farsa , Menon Shamal K. , Shanmuganathan Kadhiravan , Chikkali Samir H. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTStarting from commonly available sugar derivatives, a single step protocol to access a small family of isohexide‐dioxalates (2a–c) has been established. The synthetic competence of2a–chas been demonstrated by subjecting them to condensation polymerization. Quite surprisingly, the proton NMR of poly(isomannide‐co‐hexane)oxalate revealed a 1:2 ratio between isomannide‐dioxalate (2a) and 1,6‐hexanediol (3a) in the polymer backbone. This intriguing reactivity was found to be an outcome of a cross metathesis reaction between2aand3a. The cross metathesis products3a”[2‐(2‐methoxyacetoxy)ethyl 2‐(2‐hydroxyethoxy)‐2‐(λ3‐oxydanylidene)acetate] and2a‘(3R,6R)‐6‐hydroxyhexahydrofuro[3,2‐b]‐furan‐3‐yl methyl oxalate were isolated in a control experiment. Based on direct and indirect evidence, and control experiments, an alternative polymerization mechanism is proposed. Polymerization conditions were optimized to obtain polyoxalatesP1(2a‐3a)‐P9(2c‐3c)with molecular weights in the range of 14,000–68,000 g/mol, and narrow polydispersities. The identity of the polyoxalates was unambiguously established using 1‐2D NMR spectroscopy, MALDI‐ToF‐MS, and GPC measurements. The practical implication of these polymers is demonstrated by preparing transparent, mechanically robust films. The environmental footprint of the selected polyoxalates was investigated by subjecting them to solution and solid‐state degradation. The polyoxalates were found to be amenable to degradation. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem.2018,56, 1584–1592
The efficient cyclopolymerization of silyl‐tethered styrenic difunctional monomers
Authors: Ferri Nicolò , Ozaydin Gul Beste , Zeffiro Alberto , Nitti Andrea , Aviyente Viktorya , Pasini Dario 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTThe synthesis and characterization of innovative difunctional styrene‐based monomers and their cyclopolymerization is reported. Difunctional silyl‐based protecting groups with different steric hindrance (either methyl/phenyl or phenyl/phenyl) are used as “tethers” for two 4‐vinylbenzyl reactive moieties. We demonstrate that efficient cyclopolymerization, performed under free‐radical conditions or RAFT‐mediated, takes place for both monomers. RAFT polymerization allows excellent control of Mn and higher degree of polymerization when compared to uncontrolled radical polymerization, yet not optimal control of dispersities. The silyl tethering group could be removed to afford poly(p‐hydroxymethylstyrene). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrates the thermal robustness of the new cyclopolymers, and gives an insight on the ability of the corresponding deprotected polymer to chelate metals ions. The described strategy opens possibilities to achieve sequence control through a cyclopolymerization/tether removal strategy, when having two suitable aromatic systems with opposing electronic character and reactivities in chain cyclopolymerization. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 1593–1599
Rotation‐assisted formation of poly(3‐butylthiophene) nanowires: Morphology, microstructure, and electrical property
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Zhang Yinping , Cui Xiang , Li Wenhao , Duan Yongxin , Zhang Jianming 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTThe phenomenon of “shear‐induced crystallization” is commonly observed for crystalline polymers. Herein, we demonstrate that this concept can be applied to promote the self‐assembly of the conductive nanowires (NWs) in dilute solution. It is found that, by a simple rotation‐assisted method, higher yield of poly(3‐butylthiophene) (P3BT) NWs in anisole solvent was obtained than the case under static condition. While the length as well as the crystal modification of the NWs is not changed. The structural analysis suggests that the P3BT NWs take the crystal modification of form I′ rather than the conventional form I, independent of the sampling condition. This conclusion is further confirmed by investigating the phase transition behavior of the NWs using synchrotron radiation wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction technique. Unexpectedly, the active layer in field‐effect transistor (FET) device fabricated by well‐shaped pure NWs network formed under the rotation field shows the comparable carrier mobility with that fabricated by the ambiguous NWs network obtained under the static condition, which implies that the amorphous part plays an important role in affecting the electrical property. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018, 56, 1027–1034
Topical Application of Culture-Expanded CD34+ Umbilical Cord Blood Cells from Frozen Units Accelerates Healing of Diabetic Skin Wounds in Mice
Authors: Whiteley Jennifer , Chow Theresa , Adissu Hibret , Keating Armand , Rogers Ian M. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Chronic and nonhealing wounds are constant health issues facing patients with type 2 diabetes. As the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases, the incidence of chronic wounds and amputations will rise. T2DM is associated with peripheral arterial occlusive disease, which leads to the development of nonhealing skin ulcers after minor trauma. Patients develop severe pain limiting their mobility and ability to work and take care of themselves, thus putting a significant burden on the family and society. CD34+ cells from umbilical cord blood (UCB) grown in fibroblast growth factor-4 (FGF-4), stem cell factor, and Flt3-ligand produced a population of cells that have the ability to proliferate and develop properties enabling them to enhance tissue regeneration. The goal of this study was to assess in vitro cultured CD34+ cells in a setting where they would eventually be rejected so we could isolate paracrine signaling mediated therapeutic effect from the therapeutic effect due to engraftment and differentiation. To achieve this, we used db/db mice as a model for diabetic skin ulcers. Here, we report that in vitro cultured UCB CD34+ cells from frozen units can accelerate wound healing and resulted in the regeneration of full thickness skin. This study demonstrates a new indication for banked UCB units in the area of tissue regeneration.
Did victories in certification contests affect the survival of organizations in the American automobile industry during 1895–1912? A replication study
Authors: Goldfarb Brent , Zavyalova Anastasiya , Pillai Sandeep 
Published: May 2018

Research summary: We successfully replicate the highly influential study: “The social construction of reputation…,”(Rao, ) which reports that cumulative victories in certification contests are negatively associated with firm failure. The replication is robust to the inclusion of additional controls. As in the original, tests of whether the theory is most powerful under higher uncertainty are not supported. Further, placing second, third, or merely participating in races also negatively predicts firm failure, and there is insufficient information in the data to tease out the importance of these predictors versus race victories. We discuss the assumptions under which the evidence can be interpreted as supportive of a more general argument of “loose coupling”, where affiliation with certification contests reduces firm failure.Managerial summary: We successfully replicate a study that related victories in races to the survival of early automobile firms. This result was interpreted as evidence that rank‐order certification contests legitimized firms and led to survival. We then demonstrate that there is insufficient information to tease out the relative importance of victories, as opposed to placing second, third, or merely participating in predicting survival. Our result is consistent with an argument that affiliation with certification contests, not only winning them, increases a firm's chances of survival. It is also consistent with an argument that firms with better quality automobiles won races and survived. An implication of our work is that there is insufficient evidence to determine if firms in new industries should expend finite resources on participation in certification contests or improvement of product quality.