bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One‐Pot, Multicomponent Synthesis of 1,3‐Oxazin‐One and Evaluation of Their Potential Antioxidant Activities
Authors: Sumi Phitovili , Zhimomi Betokali K. , Phom Manthae , Yanthan Khonzani , Imchen Putusenla , Tumtin Shokip , Swu Toka , Phucho Tovishe 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe synthesis of 1,3‐oxazines from 2‐naphthol, benzaldehyde, and urea is reported using a simple and efficient microwave‐assisted protocol. SiO2‐ZnCl2 is employed for the first time to synthesize a library of 10 oxazin‐3‐one compounds, out of which five derivatives are novel. In 30–60 s the products were obtained with simplified work‐up, the yield and purity were enhanced, and the reaction time was reduced with the use of microwave assistance. The synthesized oxazines were characterized and evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant properties. The results demonstrated a significant and effective presence of antioxidant capabilities. The compound 1‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl)‐1,2‐dihydro‐3H‐naphtho[1,2‐e][1,3]oxazin‐3‐one, containing hydroxy and methoxy groups, revealed superior antioxidant activity.
Single Amino Acid Substitution Within the Helicase of Varicella Zoster Virus Makes It Resistant to Amenamevir
Authors: Effendi Gema Barlian , Aoki Kaito , Marini Maria Istiqomah , Takamiya Rei , Ishimaru Hanako , Nishimura Mitsuhiro , Mori Yasuko 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTA helicase‐primase inhibitor, amenamevir (ASP2151), is the active pharmaceutical ingredient of a drug for the herpes zoster that is caused by reactivation of varicella‐zoster virus (VZV). Here we report a new amenamevir‐resistant VZV isolated under the selection pressure of amenamevir. The resistant virus has a nonsynonymous mutation K350N in the helicase gene ORF55. A recombinant virus artificially constructed harboring the ORF55 K350N also acquired amenamevir resistance, and thus the single amino‐acid substitution in helicase is revealed to be responsible for the resistance. We observed that the drug‐resistant virus and the ORF55 K350N recombinant virus have high resistance to amenamevir, as the EC50 values in a plaque reduction assay were > 100 μM, while the two viruses remained susceptible to the nucleoside analog drug acyclovir. No defect in viral growth was observed for these resistant viruses in a plaque size assay in human malignant melanoma cells. However, defect in plaque formation was observed from resistant virus in human fetal lung fibroblast cells, showing that the growth of the resistant virus is dependent on the cell type. We observed that the single amino‐acid substitution in the helicase induces amenamevir resistance, confirming the importance of the helicase in amenamevir's inhibition of virus growth. Our findings highlight the importance of regulating the clinical use of amenamevir to minimize the risk of the emergence of helicase K350N mutation, especially in the long‐term use of amenamevir by immunosuppressed patients.
Pharmacist consultations in hospitalised older surgical patients
Authors: Lin Jacinta , James Sophie , Soo Garry , Kearney Leanne , Naganathan Vasi , Hilmer Sarah N , Thillainadesan Janani 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOlder adults are at high risk of drug‐related problems during hospitalisation for surgery. Pharmacists play a key role in the multidisciplinary health care team to improve the safety and quality use of medicines in hospitals. The aims of this prospective study were to examine the frequency, type, associated factors, and acceptance rates of pharmacist consultations in a cohort of 302 consecutive patients aged ≥65 years admitted to a tertiary vascular surgery unit. Data collected included frequency and type of pharmacist consultations, patient and clinical characteristics, and the rate of acceptance of pharmacist recommendations. There was a total of 299 pharmacist consultations, with 159 (52.6%) patients being reviewed at least once by a pharmacist. Of the 299 pharmacist consultations, the most common reason for consultation was a medication order review (38.8%). Pharmacist consultation was more likely if the patient had an emergency admission (p = 0.045), had admission to intensive care unit during the hospitalisation (p < 0.001), or had a long‐stay admission defined as >14 days (p < 0.001). Older age, frailty status, cognitive impairment, polypharmacy, and operative management were not associated with having a pharmacist review. Of these pharmacist consultations, 190 (63.5%) included recommendations for the care team to implement, and 166 (87.4%) of the 190 recommendations were addressed. These findings provide insight into the roles played by hospital pharmacists and suggest an unmet need for proactive pharmacist consultation for older surgical patients with polypharmacy, frailty, and cognitive impairment. Ethical approval was granted by the Sydney Local Health District Human Research Ethics Committee — Concord Hospital (Reference no: CH62/6/2018–170) and the study conforms to the Australian National statement on ethical conduct in human research.
Strategic Change in Resolving the Efficiency‐Equity Dilemma: A Novel Approach to Portfolio Selection
Authors: Azmi Rania A. , Salloum Charbel , Pereira Renato , Jarrar Hajer , Verdie Jean‐Francois 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper introduces an innovative portfolio selection methodology that incorporates extended goal programming (EGP) to address the efficiency‐equity tradeoff in international portfolio management. Unlike traditional methods, EGP integrates multiple‐objective optimization, allowing for a balanced consideration of risk, return, and correlation simultaneously. This study not only advances the theoretical framework of portfolio management by extending the principles of Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT) but also provides empirical evidence of EGP's robustness across various market conditions, including financial crises. Utilizing data from five major global stock markets, which collectively represent over 70% of global market value, the results demonstrate that EGP‐constructed portfolios outperform both global and market‐specific benchmarks. The research contributes to the literature by offering a flexible, adaptable tool for decision‐makers, enabling them to tailor portfolio strategies to diverse investor goals and volatile market environments. This study's findings have significant implications for both academics and practitioners, paving the way for more resilient and optimized portfolio management practices.
Genome Aggregation Database Version 4—Allele Frequency Changes and Impact on Variant Interpretation in Dystonia
Authors: Indelicato Elisabetta , Eberl Anna , Boesch Sylvia , Lange Lara M. , Klein Christine , Lohmann Katja , Zech Michael 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundPopulation‐scale databases majorly contribute to variant interpretation. The recently released Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD) v4 offers a >5‐fold increased sample size compared to v2.1.1. Pathogenic variants absent from v2.1.1 are now registered in v4 at a considerable rate. The implications on variant interpretation in dystonia are unknown.MethodsAll curated variants linked to the most common dominant forms of isolated dystonia were extracted from the International Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorder Society Gene database. We compared variant population‐frequencies and gene constraint metrics between gnomAD v2.1.1 and v4.ResultsThe majority of dystonia‐causing variants (192/247, 77.7%) remained absent from the newer gnomAD version. Of 219 variants absent from v2.1.1, 27 (12.3%) appeared for the first time in v4.1, including well‐established pathogenic alleles. Gene constraints for GNAL and KMT2B significantly decreased in v4.ConclusionsA growing number of dystonia‐linked alleles are seen in gnomAD v4. The presence in population‐scale data does not preclude pathogenicity. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Variable‐flip‐angle 3D spiral‐in‐out turbo spin‐echo imaging using concomitant gradient compensation and echo reordering at 0.55 T
Authors: Wang Zhixing , Ramasawmy Rajiv , Javed Ahsan , Mugler John P. , Meyer Craig H. , Campbell‐Washburn Adrienne E. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurposeTo develop single‐slab 3D spiral turbo spin echo (spiral SPACE) for 1‐mm3 isotropic whole‐brain T2‐weighted imaging on a high‐performance 0.55T scanner, with high scan efficiency from interleaved spiral‐in‐out trajectories, variable‐flip‐angle refocusing radiofrequency (RF) pulses, echo reordering, and concomitant‐field compensation.MethodsA stack‐of‐spirals (in‐out waveforms) turbo‐spin‐echo acquisition was implemented with T2‐weighed contrast. Gradient infidelity was corrected using the gradient impulse response function (GIRF), and concomitant‐field compensation was used to correct for phase errors among echoes and during the readout windows. To maintain a long echo train (˜600 ms) within each shot, variable‐flip‐angle refocusing RF pulses were generated using extended‐phase‐graph analysis. An echo‐reordering scheme provided a smooth signal variation along the echo direction in k‐space. Images from spiral SPACE with and without concomitant‐field compensation were compared with those from Cartesian SPACE in phantoms and 6 healthy volunteers.ResultsPhantom results demonstrated the improved performance of concomitant‐field correction via sequence‐based modifications and of GIRF–based trajectory estimation. Volunteer data showed that with concomitant‐field correction and echo reordering, system imperfection associated image artifacts and blurring were substantially mitigated in spiral SPACE. Compared with Cartesian SPACE, spiral SPACE had an overall 15%–25% signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) improvement in both white matter and gray matter.ConclusionA 3D spiral‐in‐out SPACE acquisition with variable‐flip‐angles, concomitant‐field compensation, and echo‐reordering was demonstrated at 0.55 T, showing promising gains in SNR, compared with Cartesian SPACE.
The BELS questionnaire: A novel screening tool for neurodevelopmental and psychiatric symptoms in pediatric dystrophinopathy
Authors: Truba Natalie , Sorensen Seth , Bearden Rachel , Haley Brett , Spray Beverly , Kinnett Kathi , Schrader Rachel , Veerapandiyan Aravindhan , Colvin Mary K. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroduction/AimsPediatric patients with dystrophinopathies [Becker and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (BDMD)] are more likely to have neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric conditions. This prospective pilot study tested a novel screening questionnaire developed to identify the common behavioral (B), emotional (E), learning (L), and social (S) difficulties in BDMD.MethodsA total of 45 caregivers of BDMD patients (ages 4–19 years) seen at the Arkansas Children's Hospital Dystrophinopathy Clinic completed the BELS questionnaire during standard clinic visits. To establish external validity, caregivers also completed four well‐validated standardized questionnaires assessing overlapping symptoms [Pediatric Symptom Checklist‐17 (PSC‐17), Colorado Learning Difficulties Questionnaire (CLDQ), the obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) subscale from the Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS), and Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale (BDEFS)].ResultsCaregivers reported high rates of behavioral (>60%), emotional (50%–70%), learning (50%–70%), and social (30%–50%) concerns, even though relatively few patients had clinical diagnoses related to these symptoms. Passive suicidality (i.e., thoughts of death) were also common (22.2%; 10/45 patients). The BELS questionnaire was moderately to highly correlated with total scores on the four well‐validated questionnaires (p < .001), and BELS subscales showed specificity. A BELS score of 21 corresponded with the established PSC‐17 cutoff.DiscussionThe BELS questionnaire shows promise as a screening questionnaire to identify neurobehavioral and neuropsychiatric symptoms common in dystrophinopathy. While BELS cannot currently be used as a standalone measure to make clinical diagnoses, identification of symptoms that warrant further follow‐up may improve clinical care and quality of life.
Analytical Solution for the Topographic Effect of an Offshore Circular‐Arc Canyon Under P‐Wave Incidence
Authors: He Rui , Huang Xinyi , Zhang Jisheng 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper studies the dynamic response of a circular‐arc canyon topography in the seabed under a seawater layer subjected to vertically and obliquely incident P‐wave excitations. The seabed is assumed to be an isotropic elastic medium. The analytical solution of the problem is developed using the large circular arc assumption and the Fourier–Bessel series expansion technique. This study focuses mainly on analysing the influence of seawater on the topographic amplification effect of the canyon. The differences between offshore and onshore canyons are compared in both the frequency and time domains. In the frequency domain, the presence of a layer of water will amplify or suppress the vertical response of the canyon, depending on the frequencies of the incident P‐waves and the detailed point location within the canyon. This is in contrast to the flat seabed model. In addition, the effects of water depth, canyon depth‐to‐width ratio, and angle of incidence of the P‐waves on the W/L (water/land) spectral ratio are further analysed. The time domain results under both simple Ricker wavelets and real earthquake waves are then obtained, which show that the seawater layer amplifies the responses near the canyon edge, and the amplification effect mainly depends on the canyon depth‐to‐width ratio and incidence frequency.
The Zooarchaeology of an Iberian Medieval Jewish Community: The Castle of Lorca (Murcia, Spain)
Authors: García García Marcos , Eiroa Jorge A. , González Ballesteros José Ángel , Celma Martínez Mireia 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTArchaeological excavations at the castle of Lorca (Murcia, Spain) led to the identification of part of the Jewish district of the town. This area, occupied between the 14th and 15th centuries, represents a unique example of a medieval frontier Jewish quarter defined by complex urban planning, a synagogue, and various domestic units. Archaeological work allowed the recovery of a large number of animal remains. This paper deals with the results of the zooarchaeological study of this archaeofaunal assemblage, aiming to shed light on the ways in which animals were exploited, distributed, prepared and consumed by medieval Jewish population of Lorca. The results reveal a model of animal economy centered on the exploitation of caprines (sheep/goat) and, to a lesser extent, cattle, chickens and other secondary species, although the presence of non‐kosher species such as pigs and rabbit is noteworthy. The identification of butchery marks attributed to the porging of the hindquarters of caprines, a practice typical of medieval Jewish communities, represents a marker of ethno‐religious identity of great historical interest.
Impact of N‐Doping on MoSe2 Monolayer for PH3, C2N2, and HN3 Gas Sensing: A DFT Study
Authors: Khatun Mim , Rocky Mahabub Hasan , Roman Abdullah Al , Roy Debashis , Badsha Md. Alamgir , Ahmed Mohammad Tanvir 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this research, the different characteristics of MoSe2 and N‐doped MoSe2 monolayers were studied using density functional theory calculations. The negative cohesive energy (−5.216 eV for MoSe2 and −5.333 eV for N‐MoSe2) verified their energetical stability. The variation of structural, electronic, and optical properties of MoSe2 and N‐MoSe2 via adsorption of PH3, C2N2, and HN3 gases are studied. The N‐doping results in a stronger adsorbent‐gas interaction, resulting in maximum adsorption energy of −0.036, −0.033, and −0.198 eV for the selected gases. The MoSe2 and N‐MoSe2 monolayers showed a direct band gap of 1.48 eV and 1.09 eV, respectively. However, upon interaction with the gases, a notable shift in the band gap of both adsorbents is observed. N‐MoSe2 showed semiconductor‐to‐conductor transition via C2N2 and HN3 adsorption. The sensitivity of MoSe2 for the selected gases has improved remarkably via N‐doping. Also, HN3 gas can be easily detected by the N‐MoSe2 monolayer due to the greater changes in work function (0.45 eV). The absorption coefficient of both adsorbents is over 105 cm−1 order in the UV region, which suffers a mild peak shifting due to gas adsorption. This study suggests that N‐MoSe2 can be a potential candidate for selected gas sensing.
Care, conflict, and coexistence: Human–wildlife relations in community forests
Authors: Stevens Madison , Rawat Shalini , Satterfield Terre 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Human–wildlife conflict (HWC) presents a persistent challenge for global biodiversity conservation. Yet, focusing on conflict alone may obscure the complex drivers of positive and negative interactions between people and wildlife coinhabiting the same geographies. In India's Uttarakhand Himalayan region, van panchayat (VP) community forests support agro‐pastoralist livelihoods and forest protection. While the governance and livelihood dimensions of the VP are well documented, their engagement with wildlife is sparsely investigated, despite that community forests are important spaces of human–wildlife interaction in shared landscapes. Enabling community forests to contribute effectively to wildlife management requires understanding what local factors drive stewardship while reducing conflict.

Informed by interviews conducted in 2019–2020 and household surveys collected in 2021 in 15 villages in Pithoragarh District, Uttarakhand, we explore the nature of human–wildlife relations in VPs. We report on qualitative and quantitative analyses to consider community forest users' perceptions of living with wildlife—mediated by cultural norms, livelihood demands, and everyday encounters—and investigate beliefs about (1) lethal control as a response to conflict and (2) responsibilities for managing and protecting wildlife.

Our findings indicate high prevalence of HWC and associated hardships (mentioned by 71% of survey participants), alongside high expressed ethics of care, tolerance, and responsibility for wild animals (60%). Most participants rejected killing wildlife in circumstances of conflict as acceptable based on moral prohibitions and the availability of alternative options while adopting significant responsibility for their protection. Characterizing community forests as important sites of interaction and coexistence, residents identified community‐led forest conservation as a primary strategy for mitigating HWC.

These multifaceted human–wildlife relationships, shaped by encounters in a shared landscape, inform communities' decisions and coping strategies for coexisting with their wild neighbours. Approaches to mitigating conflict that prioritize separating people from wildlife and emphasize the state's responsibilities for wildlife management may undermine communities' roles as conservation actors. Conversely, legal recognition and support for the role of community forests in wildlife management could enhance the legitimacy and effectiveness of management decisions.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Compressive buckling of variable stiffness laminated beams with delamination defects
Authors: Niu Xuejuan , Song Chengjin , Zhang Hongjie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFiber reinforced polymer (FRP) structures in practical applications inevitably contain some micro‐defects, which are susceptible to result in the degradation of the mechanical properties, and even lead to structural instability. A series of variable stiffness (VS) specimens are prepared and applied to 4‐point bending (4P‐bending) experiments and uniaxial compressive (UC‐buckling) experiments to investigate the influence of curvilinear paths of towpregs on the buckling performance of laminated beams. By calculating the equivalent flexural stiffness (EFS) analysis of VS laminated beams, an analytical method is proposed to study the effects of the design parameters on the bending and buckling performances of laminated beams with or without delamination. A variable, the loss rate of the stiffness, is introduced and formulated to quantitatively analyze the degradation process of each VS specimen in terms of flexural stiffness. With buckling shape images obtained from UC‐buckling tests, the changes from unilateral buckling to bilateral buckling that occurred on VS specimens were captured and compared. The results show that the advantages of VS design on improving the damage tolerance capability of laminated structures. Compared with the traditional constant stiffness (CS) specimens, the specially designed VS specimens have increased their bending stiffness and structural stability by 21.8% and 24.36%, respectively.Highlights
A method is proposed to analyze the flexural stiffness distribution.
The concept of equivalent flexural stiffness is introduced and formulated.
The evolution of buckling behaviors occurred on VS beams are characterized.
Most VS specimens have a better tolerance to delamination damages.
Risk Factors for Developing Adenovirus‐Associated Post‐Infectious Bronchiolitis Obliterans
Authors: Gordon Oren , Mohamad Hadhud , Guzner Noa , Cohen Yuval , Ben‐Meir Elad , Samman Nahla , Sergienko Ruslan , Wolf Dana G. , Picard Elie , Kerem Eitan , Shamriz Oded 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundRisk factors for progression of adenovirus (AdV)‐associated bronchiolitis (AdV‐B) to post‐infectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PIBO) are poorly defined. We aimed to investigate this in a multicenter cohort.MethodsA multicenter hospital‐based analysis included children admitted with AdV‐B in Jerusalem during 2016–2022. A case‐control analysis included AdV‐PIBO patients in Jerusalem during 2005–2023. Cases were compared to randomly assigned controls admitted with AdV‐B without progression to AdV‐PIBO. Multivariate analysis with logistic regression was used.ResultsThe annual incidence of AdV‐B admissions and AdV‐PIBO increased during 2016–2022, during which 1522 children were admitted with AdV‐B and 8 developed AdV‐PIBO (0.5%). Of 30 AdV‐PIBO cases identified during 2005–2023, available data were compared for 25 of them (72% boys; mean age ± standard deviation 1.2 ± 0.8 years) and 139 controls (66% boys; mean age 1.0 ± 0.6 years, p = 0.5 for age). Jewish ethnicity was more common in the AdV‐PIBO versus control group (92% vs. 66%, p = 0.009), as were oxygen supplementation (84% vs. 45%, p < 0.001), noninvasive ventilation (20% vs. 4%, p = 0.004), consolidations on chest X‐ray (44% vs. 19%, p = 0.011), and lymphopenia (92% vs. 46%, p < 0.001). Combining Jewish ethnicity, lymphopenia, consolidations, and prolonged admission as independent risk factors yielded positive and negative predictive values of 68.8% and 90.5%, respectively.ConclusionThese findings emphasize the urgent need for targeted preventive and management strategies. The identification of Jewish ethnicity as a risk factor may imply a genetic contribution to Adv‐PIBO risk.