bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced coronary flow velocity reserve in women with previous pre‐eclampsia: link to increased cardiovascular disease risk
Authors: Clemmensen T. S. , Christensen M. , Løgstrup B. B. , Kronborg C. J. S. , Knudsen U. B. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo evaluate differences in coronary microvascular function approximately 12 years after delivery between women who had had early‐ (EO‐PE) or late‐ (LO‐PE) onset pre‐eclampsia and those who had had a normotensive pregnancy, and to assess the relationship between microvascular function and myocardial deformation at follow‐up in these women.MethodsThis was a case–control study of 88 women who had delivered at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark, between 1998 and 2008. Coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) was assessed by Doppler echocardiography approximately 12 years after delivery. Women were grouped according to whether the pregnancy had been complicated by EO‐PE (n = 29) or LO‐PE (n = 20), or had been normotensive (controls) (n = 39). Study groups were matched for maternal age and time since delivery. CFVR at follow‐up was compared between the study groups. Regression analysis was used to assess the association between gestational age at onset of PE and CFVR. The association between left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV‐GLS) and CFVR at follow‐up was also evaluated.ResultsResting coronary flow velocity assessed 12 years after delivery was comparable between the study groups (P = 0.55), whereas peak hyperemic flow velocity was significantly lower in the EO‐PE group than in the LO‐PE group (P < 0.01) and controls (P < 0.0001). As such, mean CFVR at follow‐up was significantly lower in the EO‐PE group than in the LO‐PE group (P < 0.01) and controls (P < 0.0001). CFVR was < 2.5 in 48% of women in the EO‐PE group, 25% of those in the LO‐PE group and 8% of controls (P < 0.01). There was a significant positive association between gestational age at diagnosis of PE and CFVR at 12‐year follow‐up (β1 = 1.8 (95% CI, 0.8–2.9); P < 0.01). This relationship remained significant after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors, namely mean arterial blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin level, body mass index, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol level and smoking status (P < 0.05). There was a significant association between LV‐GLS and CFVR in women who had had PE (β1 = –1.5 (95% CI, –2.2 to –0.9); R2 = 0.33, P < 0.0001).ConclusionsLow gestational age at onset of PE, both as a continuous variable and when categorized as early onset, was associated with decreased CFVR 12 years after delivery. Nearly 50% of women who had had EO‐PE had CFVR < 2.5 at follow‐up. Reduced CFVR in women who had had PE was associated with subclinical myocardial dysfunction in terms of reduced LV‐GLS. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Spatial variability in the isotopic composition of water in small catchments and its effect on hydrograph separation
Authors: Penna Daniele , van Meerveld H. J. (Ilja) 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHydrograph separation is a widely applied technique that uses the stable isotopes of water (2H and 18O) or other tracers to quantify the contribution of different water sources to streamflow. For its successful application it is critical to adequately characterize these sources (end‐members). In most small catchment studies, water samples are collected from end‐members at one or a few locations that are assumed to be representative for the entire catchment. We tested this assumption by reviewing 148 papers that used the stable isotopes of water to investigate hydrological processes in catchments up to 10 km2. We assessed the typical spatial variability in the isotopic composition of different hydrological compartments when they were sampled at five or more locations across a catchment. The median reported spatial variability was largest for snowmelt and soil water, followed by throughfall and shallow groundwater. To determine how this spatial variability might affect isotope‐based hydrograph separation results, we used three‐component hydrograph separation for two real rainfall‐runoff events and a synthetic rainfall‐runoff event and adjusted the isotopic composition of the end‐members (throughfall, soil water, and shallow groundwater) by the median observed spatial variability. The estimated maximum contributions of the three components differed by up to 26% from the reference scenario. This suggests that caution is needed when interpreting hydrograph separation results if they are based on samples taken at one or only a few locations. Above all, these results show that the assumption of negligible spatial variability may not be valid for small catchments.This article is categorized under:Science of Water > Hydrological ProcessesScience of Water > Methods
Significant effect of compositional grading on SAGD performance in a fractured carbonate heavy oil reservoir
Authors: Ghalenavi Hossein , Norouzi-Apourvari Saeid , Schaffie Mahin , Ranjbar Mohammad 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn reservoir simulation, the fluid composition is usually assumed uniform for the whole reservoir, while in many reservoirs, oil and gas composition changes with depth. This phenomenon which is known as compositional grading could be significant in heavy and super heavy oil reservoirs. In these reservoirs, biodegradation and asphaltene precipitation are considered as the main reasons behind this phenomenon. Compositional grading in heavy oil reservoirs could affect fluid viscosity and vaporizing–condensing mechanism in steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) operations. In this paper, through a simulation study, one of the Iranian heavy oil reservoirs which have a significant compositional grading was selected to investigate the effect of compositional grading on the performance of simulated SAGD method. The reservoir is a fractured carbonate reservoir, and its compositional grading is maintained because of the lack of convection inside the reservoir. To verify the importance of compositional grading, the performance results of the SAGD method for compositional grading case were compared with that of uniform composition case. The result showed that ignoring compositional grading would lead to underestimation of ultimate recovery in the fractured model. The study of SAGD process in a non-fractured reservoir model showed that considering compositional grading has an insignificant effect on SAGD performance.
Analysis and optimization of multiple factors influencing fracturing induced stress field
Authors: Guan Bing , Li Shibin , Liu Jiran , Zhang Ligang , Chen Shuangqing 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe induced stress field caused by hydraulic fracturing plays a key role in controlling the formation characteristics of fractures and is the essential prerequisite for optimal design of fracturing parameters. In order to determine the disturbance range of induced stress field on fracture morphology, the multiple factors analysis and optimization are an important inspect. Setting the induced stress control range (ISCR) as the evaluation objective, it can be defined as the combined response of the peak value of induced stress difference and stress steering distance, taking them as double evaluation indexes. Six uncertain fracture parameters with a reasonable range are used to fit the response of evaluation indexes. Through the finite element numerical simulation method, the induced stress field around the fractures can be calculated and the evaluation indexes are described quantitatively. Applying the multi-factor orthogonal test method, combined the matrix analysis model with the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model, these fracture parameters are evaluated and optimized. The results show that the influence factors on the ISCR in the descending order are determined as follows: fracture height, fracture net pressure, Poisson’s ratio, maximum and minimum horizontal stress ratio, fracture spacing and its number. According to the multi-factors sensitivity analysis results, the selected levels of different factors are optimized and the combination of parameters optimization is screened out. It provides a theoretical basis to control the reservoir stress field for the optimization of the field fracturing treatment.
Focus on Prenatal Detection of Micrognathia
Authors: Antonakopoulos Nikolaos , Bhide Amar 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFetal micrognathia involves abnormal or arrested development of the fetal mandible. Till recently, the prenatal diagnosis was subjective, based on the evaluation of the fetal profile and assessment of the relationship between the maxilla and the mandible. Recently objective sonographic methods have been utilized for diagnosing micrognathia such as the inferior facial angle, the jaw index, the frontal nasomental angle, the mandible width/maxilla width ratio and the mandibular length. Another useful sonographic sign, the mandibular gap in the retronasal triangle view, increases the accuracy of the diagnosis early in the first trimester. 3D sonographic views can add to the diagnosis and prenatal MRI is a useful adjunct to ultrasound in cases of limited acoustic window, maternal obesity, oligohydramnios and anterior spine position. The identification of micrognathia should prompt karyotyping and sonographic investigation for other abnormalities. The outcome of fetuses with this seemingly isolated finding is more guarded than one would intuitively believe, and the parents should be counseled accordingly. Postnatal complications including mild to severe upper airway obstruction leading to respiratory distress, feeding difficulties and mild to severe long-term developmental delay are common. One should be careful in pronouncing a fetus having ‘micrognathia’, especially on subjective evaluation, as this term implies that the fetus is abnormal with presence of significant pathology. There is no ‘gold standard’ for a definitive diagnosis of micrognathia on post-natal evaluation. Using a combination of objective sonographic markers as well as follow-up ultrasound assessments can significantly reduce the risk of a false diagnosis. Follow-up scans should be arranged, and neonatal service should be alerted in cases of ongoing pregnancies.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Atretic Occipital Cephalocele: A Case Report
Authors: Kunt İşgüder Çiğdem , Koşar Can Özlem , Kanat Pektaş Mine , GÖkçe Erkan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAtretic cephaloceles refer to the congenital herniation of meningeal and vestigial tissues such as arachnoid, glial or neural rests. These small, skin covered subscalp lesions usually appear within a few centimetres of the lambda and nearly half of them have a parietal situation, the remaining half have occipital, parieto-occipital, frontal, asterion, and sincipital locations. Atretic cephaloceles can be isolated or associated with congenital syndromes, agenesis of corpus callosum, grey matter heterotopias, ventriculomegaly, mental retardation, developmental delay, epilepsy, spasticity, speech difficulty, strabismus, optic nerve atrophy, microphthalmia, enophthalmos, cleft palate, hypertelorism, congenital cardiac and vascular defects, renal agenesis, hearing problems, congenital lobar emphysema, and muscular anomalies. This case report describes a newborn which has been diagnosed with atretic occipital cephalocele prenatally and also bilateral cochlear hypoplasia postnatally.
Attributable costs and length of stay of hospital-acquired Clostridioides difficile: A population-based matched cohort study in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Leal Jenine R. , Conly John , Weaver Robert , Wick James , Henderson Elizabeth A. , Manns Braden , Ronksley Paul 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjective:To determine the attributable cost and length of stay of hospital-acquired Clostridioides difficile infection (HA-CDI) from the healthcare payer perspective using linked clinical, administrative, and microcosting data.Design:A retrospective, population-based, propensity-score–matched cohort study.Setting:Acute-care facilities in Alberta, Canada.Patients:Admitted adult (≥18 years) patients with incident HA-CDI and without CDI between April 1, 2012, and March 31, 2016.Methods:Incident cases of HA-CDI were identified using a clinical surveillance definition. Cases were matched to noncases of CDI (those without a positive C. difficile test or without clinical CDI) on propensity score and exposure time. The outcomes were attributable costs and length of stay of the hospitalization where the CDI was identified. Costs were expressed in 2018 Canadian dollars.Results:Of the 2,916 HA-CDI cases at facilities with microcosting data available, 98.4% were matched to 13,024 noncases of CDI. The total adjusted cost among HA-CDI cases was 27% greater than noncases of CDI (ratio, 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21–1.33). The mean attributable cost was $18,386 (CAD 2018; USD $14,190; 95% CI, $14,312–$22,460; USD $11,046-$17,334). The adjusted length of stay among HA-CDI cases was 13% greater than for noncases of CDI (ratio, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.07–1.19), which corresponds to an extra 5.6 days (95% CI, 3.10–8.06) in length of hospital stay per HA-CDI case.Conclusions:In this population-based, propensity score matched analysis using microcosting data, HA-CDI was associated with substantial attributable cost.
SEPARATING THE FAN THEOREM AND ITS WEAKENINGS II
Authors: LUBARSKY ROBERT S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractVarieties of the Fan Theorem have recently been developed in reverse constructive mathematics, corresponding to different continuity principles. They form a natural implicational hierarchy. Earlier work showed all of these implications to be strict. Here we reprove one of the strictness results, using very different arguments. The technique used is a mixture of realizability, forcing in the guise of Heyting-valued models, and Kripke models.
The causal interpretation of estimated associations in regression models
Authors: Keele Luke , Stevenson Randolph T. , Elwert Felix 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA common causal identification strategy in political science is selection on observables. This strategy assumes one observes a set of covariates that is, after statistical adjustment, sufficient to make treatment status as-if random. Under adjustment methods such as matching or inverse probability weighting, coefficients for control variables are treated as nuisance parameters and are not directly estimated. This is in direct contrast to regression approaches where estimated parameters are obtained for all covariates. Analysts often find it tempting to give a causal interpretation to all the parameters in such regression models—indeed, such interpretations are often central to the proposed research design. In this paper, we ask when we can justify interpreting two or more coefficients in a regression model as causal parameters. We demonstrate that analysts must appeal to causal identification assumptions to give estimates causal interpretations. Under selection on observables, this task is complicated by the fact that more than one causal effect might be identified. We show how causal graphs provide a framework for clearly delineating which effects are presumed to be identified and thus merit a causal interpretation, and which are not. We conclude with a set of recommendations for how researchers should interpret estimates from regression models when causal inference is the goal.
Effectiveness of school–home intervention for adolescent obesity prevention: parallel school randomised study
Authors: Sgambato Michele R. , Cunha Diana B. , Souza Bárbara S. N. , Henriques Viviana T. , Rodrigues Renata R. M. , Rêgo Ana L. V. , Pereira Rosangela A. , Yokoo Edna M. , Sichieri Rosely 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMany school-based interventions for obesity prevention have been proposed with positive changes in behaviour, but with unsatisfactory results on weight change. The objective was to verify the effectiveness of a combined school- and home-based obesity prevention programme on excessive weight gain in adolescents. Teachers delivered the school-based primary prevention programme to fifth- and sixth-graders (nine schools, forty-eight control classes, forty-nine intervention classes), which included encouraging healthy eating habits and physical activity. A subgroup of overweight or obese adolescents also received a home-based secondary prevention programme delivered by community health professionals. Schools were randomised to intervention or control group. Intent-to-treat analysis used mixed models for repeated continuous measures and considered the cluster effect. The main outcomes were changes in BMI and percentage body fat (%body fat) after one school-year of intervention and follow-up. Against our hypothesis, BMI increased more in the intervention group than in the control group (Δ = 0·3 kg/m2; P = 0·05) with a greater decrease in %body fat among boys (Δ = –0·6 %; P = 0·03) in the control group. The intervention group increased physical activity by 12·5 min per week compared with the control group. Female adolescents in the intervention group ate healthier items more frequently than in the control group. The subgroup that received both the school and home interventions had an increase in %body fat than in the control group (Δ = 0·89 %; P = 0·01). In the present study, a behavioural change led to a small increase in physical activity and healthy eating habits but also to an overall increase in food intake.
Linguistic interdependence of receptive vocabulary skills in emergent bilingual preschool children: Exploring a factor-dependent approach
Authors: Sierens Sven , Slembrouck Stef , Van Gorp Koen , Agirdag Orhan , Van Avermaet Piet 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the extent to which internal and contextual factors moderate the linguistic interdependence between receptive vocabulary skills in emergent bilingual children. Such factors are frequently related to first (L1) and second language (L2) skills, but few studies have examined their concurrent influence on the cross-language relationship, or have linked the results to the two main explanatory models for interdependence: common underlying proficiency or individual differences. Using a cross-sectional correlational design, concept comprehension was bilingually assessed in 154 children of Turkish background (aged 4 to 6), attending Flemish preschool. Regression analyses revealed that Turkish L1 vocabulary size significantly predicted Dutch L2 vocabulary size, which is in line with interdependence theories. Age, preschool grade, and L2 use at home positively predicted L2 vocabulary. Newly arrived immigrant status and maternal education (partly) predicted L2 vocabulary negatively, the latter especially in 3rd preschool grade. Concerning moderation, indications were found for weakening interdependence for high L2 use at home (3rd preschool grade) and newly arrived immigrant status. Overall, our findings implicate that interdependence in emergent bilinguals’ vocabulary depends on the examined factors to a limited degree only. Finally, our data point to the individual differences model, rather than the common underlying proficiency model of linguistic interdependence.
Computation of the safe working zones of Planar and Spatial Parallel Manipulators
Authors: Karnam Murali K. , Baskar Aravind , Srivatsan Rangaprasad A. , Bandyopadhyay Sandipan 
Published: July 2019

SUMMARYThis paper presents the computation of the safe working zone (SWZ) of a parallel manipulator having three degrees of freedom. The SWZ is defined as a continuous subset of the workspace, wherein the manipulator does not suffer any singularity, and is also free from the issues of link interference and physical limits on its joints. The proposed theory is illustrated via application to two parallel manipulators: a planar 3-R̲RR manipulator and a spatial manipulator, namely, MaPaMan-I. It is also shown how the analyses can be applied to any parallel manipulator having three degrees of freedom, planar or spatial.
Variation in Prevalence of Rare Heritable Traits — A Simulation Study — Illustrated by Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Authors: Stark Alan E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe epidemiology of heritable traits whose prevalence is determined by a balance between mutation and selection is often explored through deterministic models. Here, the properties are explored by simulation of a model population followed through a sequence of closely spaced time points. Mutation and birth and death occur randomly. The condition neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is used as a point of reference. Critical parameters, such as mutation rates and selection forces, are not known precisely for NF1 so speculative values based on published data from Finland and other studies are proposed.
Differential response of horseweed (Conyza canadensis) to halauxifen-methyl, 2,4-D, and dicamba
Authors: McCauley Cara L. , Young Bryan G. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHalauxifen-methyl is an auxin herbicide for broadleaf weed control in preplant applications to corn and soybean. Our objective for this research was to characterize the phytotoxicity of halauxifen-methyl on horseweed, relative to 2,4-D and dicamba, in terms of weed height, the response to an auxin synergist, and root activity. The 50% reduction in plant growth (GR50) value for halauxifen-methyl on rosette-sized plants was 0.05 g ae ha−1, 100 times less than the labeled use rate of 5 g ae ha−1, compared with 36 and 31 g ha−1 for 2,4-D and dicamba, respectively. In a whole-plant bioassay, 240 g ae ha−1 of 2,4-D was calculated as the GR50 value on horseweed 20-cm tall, whereas applications of only 53 and 0.40 g ae ha−1 were necessary for dicamba and halauxifen-methyl, respectively, to achieve the same response. As weed size decreased, there was a concomitant reduction in the estimated herbicide dose for the GR50 with similar differences observed between halauxifen-methyl and the other two auxin herbicides. The addition of diflufenzopyr, an auxin synergist, to 2,4-D and dicamba resulted in a synergistic response on horseweed. However, the addition of diflufenzopyr to halauxifen-methyl resulted in an additive or antagonistic effect, depending on rate of diflufenzopyr, demonstrating a distinctive physiological pathway for halauxifen-methyl compared with 2,4-D and dicamba. In the agar-based bioassays, GR50 values for horseweed root length for 2,4-D and dicamba were 0.16 and 0.19 µM, respectively, whereas only 0.004 µM halauxifen-methyl was required for a comparable root response. These results indicate that horseweed exhibits a high level of sensitivity to halauxifen-methyl and suggest the activity of halauxifen-methyl is different from that of 2,4-D and dicamba. These differences in herbicide activity may reflect differential absorption, translocation, metabolism, or targeting of auxin receptors found in horseweed.