bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accretion disk versus jet orientation in H2O megamaser galaxies
Authors: Kamali F. , Henkel C. , Koyama S. , Kuo C. Y. , Condon J. J. , Brunthaler A. , Reid M. J. , Greene J. E. , Menten K. M. , Impellizzeri C. M. V. , Braatz J. A. , Litzinger E. , Kadler M. 
Published: February 2019

Context. An essential part of the paradigm describing active galactic nuclei is the alignment between the radio jet and the associated rotation axis of the sub-pc accretion disks. Because of the small linear and angular scales involved, this alignment has not yet been checked in a sufficient number of low luminosity active galactic nuclei (LLAGNs).
Aims. The project examines the validity of this paradigm by measuring the radio continuum on the same physical scale as the accretion disks to investigate any possible connection between these disks and the radio continuum.
Methods. We observed a sample of 18 LLAGNs in the 4.8 GHz (6 cm) radio continuum using the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) with 3.3–6.5 ms resolution. The sources were selected to show both an edge-on accretion disk revealed by 22 GHz H2O megamaser emission and signatures of a radio jet. Furthermore, the sources were previously detected in 33 GHz radio continuum observations made with the Very Large Array.
Results. Five out of 18 galaxies observed were detected at 8σ or higher levels (Mrk 0001, Mrk 1210, Mrk 1419, NGC 2273, and UGC 3193). While these five sources are known to have maser disks, four of them exhibit a maser disk with known orientation. For all four of these sources, the radio continuum is misaligned relative to the rotation axis of the maser disk, but with a 99.1% confidence level, the orientations are not random and are confined to a cone within 32° of the maser disk’s normal. Among the four sources the misalignment of the radio continuum with respect to the normal vector to the maser disk is smaller when the inner radius of the maser disk is larger. Furthermore, a correlation is observed between the 5 GHz VLBA radio continuum and the [OIII] luminosity and also with the H2O maser disk’s inner radius.
Radiation therapy planning using MRI-CT fusion in dogs and
cats with brain tumors
Authors: Buchholz Julia , Ludewig Eberhard , Brühschwein Andreas , Nitzl Dagmar , Sumova Andrea , Kaser-Hotz Barbara 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Introduction Volume definition is a delicate step within the radiation
treatment planning process and the precision of defining the volumes to
irradiate is important for the success of the radiation treatment.
Traditionally, radiation plans are created using computed tomography (CT)
studies. Due to its different mechanism of action, magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI) is more sensitive for detection of brain lesions. Therefore, using fused
images of both imaging modalities should result in a more precise definition of
the volumes to irradiate. The feasibility to fuse CT and MRI studies performed
at different institutions was tested to subsequently analyse the influence of
the fused images on target volume definition.
Materials and methods Fourteen dogs and four cats with brain lesions
having MR- and CT-imaging were included. Contrast-enhanced radiotherapy planning
CT scans were fused to T1-weighted post-contrast and T2-weighted MRI scans. The
gross tumor volume (GTV), the clinical tumor volume (CTV) and the planning
target volume (PTV) were delineated on CT- and MRI studies. CT and MRI volumes
were compared with regard to volumetric and spatial differences.
Results The mean GTV was larger on MRI than on CT (2.15 vs.1.54
cm3). Also the mean CTV was larger on MRI than on CT (5.34 vs.
4.38 cm3). Consequently, the mean PTV was larger on MRI than on CT
(14.20 vs. 10.82 cm3) as well. None of the differences in defined
volumes were significant. Fusion images were accepted showing mean errors of
1.32 mm (mean error) and 1.73 mm (maximal error).
Conclusion CT-MRI fusion was feasible especially when defined, reliable,
and consistent anatomic landmarks were used as registration points. Volumetric
differences between CT and MRI were insignificant. In general, GTV and CTV were
easier identified on MRI.
Bilateral femoral capital physeal fractures in an adult cat
with suspected congenital primary hypothyroidism
Authors: Diehm Marius , Dening Ricarda , Dziallas Peter , Wohlsein Peter , Schmicke Marion , Mischke Reinhard 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA 4-year-old, neutered male European shorthair was presented for evaluation of
right hind limb lameness. Radiographs revealed bilateral femoral capital physeal
fractures, widened vertebral growth plates and constipation. Physical findings
included lethargy, mental dullness, mild hypothermia, retarded growth,
pharyngeal stridor, moderate muscle atrophy of pelvic limbs, hair coat
abnormalities, and lack of defecation and urination. A thyroid panel revealed
thyroid hormone values below detection limits and high thyroid stimulation
hormone values. A presumptive diagnosis of congenital primary hypothyroidism was
made, however also an early onset acquired primary hypothyroidism could not be
ruled out. Results of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and the parathyroid
hormone as well as an adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulating test were normal.
A bilateral femoral head and neck excision was performed. Levothyroxine
supplementation was started at a dosage of 50 µg (11 µg/kg) BID and later
adjusted to 100 µg (22 µg/kg) BID based on total thyroxine concentrations. The
tomcat showed full clinical recovery and normal clinical behaviour. The case
shows that primary hypothyroidism may be considered in cats presented with
femoral capital physeal fractures.
Translating antimicrobial resistance: a case study of context and consequences of antibiotic-related communication in three northern Thai villages
Authors: Charoenboon Nutcha , Haenssgen Marco J. , Warapikuptanun Penporn , Xayavong Thipphaphone , Khine Zaw Yuzana 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) threatens to cause ten million deaths annually by 2050, making it a top item on the global health agenda. The current global policy response is multi-faceted, wherein behavioural dimensions like people’s medicine use are being predominantly addressed with education and communication campaigns. The social sciences literature suggests that cross-contextual translation of medical knowledge in global awareness campaigns can create misunderstandings and adverse behavioural responses. However, the consequences of AMR communication in low-income and middle-income contexts remain largely undocumented. In response to the empirical knowledge gap, this study presents the case study of educational activity in three northern Thai villages with the objective of contributing to the understanding of the consequences (and their contextual influences) when sharing antibiotic-related information in a rural middle-income setting. The activity’s messages were based on World Health Organization AMR awareness-raising material. A mixed-methods research design informed the analysis. Descriptive difference-in-difference and geographical analysis based on complete village census surveys with a 3-month interval (n = 1096) was supplemented by qualitative data and observations from the educational activity. The underlying conceptual framework hypothesised that outcomes arise via (a) direct participation and indirect exposure (posters, conversations), subject to translational processes and physical and health system contexts; and via (b) the activity’s influence on village social networks. The outcomes demonstrated that participants aligned their antibiotic-related attitudes and behaviours with the activity’s recommendations. Aside from language barriers (which excluded non-Thai speakers), fragmented local healthcare landscapes limited villagers’ ability to act on the activity but also provided a market opportunity for informal antibiotics sales, and interactions with parallel yet misunderstood public health campaigns created rumours and resistance. Social support from community members also promoted healthy behaviours but remained unaffected by the activity. As one of the most detailed mixed-method assessments of public engagement in AMR, this study challenges the current dominance of awareness-raising campaigns to change population behaviours. We call for comprehensive mixed-method evaluations of future campaigns, mandatory two-directional knowledge exchange components, and alternative behaviour change approaches that respond to contextual constraints like precarity rather than alleged knowledge deficits.
Cultural entrenchment of folktales is encoded in language
Authors: Karsdorp Folgert , Fonteyn Lauren 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this interdisciplinary study, we explore the understudied effects of growing cultural entrenchment on the form of stories with a long reproduction history. Drawing on insight from literary theory, theoretical linguistics, and cultural evolution theory, we argue that changes in the cultural entrenchment of fairy tales and folk stories are reflected in (small) structural ‘mutations’ in the story. More specifically, we aim to show that with the increasing familiarity of “Little Red Riding Hood”, its story frame and characters have gradually become part of the author and audience’s shared world knowledge, which is encoded in the type of linguistic devices used to introduce the characters. To this end, we performed a Bayesian logistic regression analysis on a diachronic collection (late 18th century–2015) of the world’s most iconic fairy tale, using automatically generated time estimations for a subset of undated reproductions in the story lineage, and including these estimates and approximated measurement errors in the statistical model. Results show that there is indeed a marked increase of linguistic markers that indicate that the characters are already known or “accessible” to the audience. This development reflects the author’s changing intuitions and beliefs about the familiarity of the story, and, indirectly, the changing expectations of the story’s audience regarding the appearance of certain characters in the story frame. Notably, this study is the first to quantitatively describe the diachronic development of a story (and the concepts associated with it) into the realm of ‘shared knowledge’, showing that it is a slow and gradual process. The results help refine our understanding of cultural evolution as well as the workings of speaker-addressee dynamics. Conceptualising the observed linguistic mutations as an instance of guided variation, we argue that the increase of definite first mentions as a function of cultural entrenchment can be treated as an example of variation guided by pragmatic principles such as Grice’s Maxim of Quantity, making character introductions as informative as (and not more informative than) required.
Fecal stanols show simultaneous flooding and seasonal precipitation change correlate with Cahokia’s population decline
Authors: White A.J. , Stevens Lora R. , Lorenzi Varenka , Munoz Samuel E. , Schroeder Sissel , Cao Angelica , Bogdanovich Taylor 
Published: February 2019

Significance
Our article examines the relationship between the population size of Cahokia, one of the most significant archaeological sites in North America, and evidence for major flooding and drought events. We use changes in the concentrations of fecal molecules contained in lake sediment as a proxy of population change and directly compare these variations with paleoenvironmental data from the same sediment core. These data show that a shift to decreased summer precipitation and a Mississippi River flood occurred circa 1150 CE, coinciding with a decline in the region’s population and a major climate transition. Our study highlights the importance of multiple, concurrent environmental stressors in combination with societal tensions as contributors to sociopolitical change.
Simultaneous spatiotemporal tracking and oxygen sensing of transient implants in vivo using hot-spot MRI and machine learning
Authors: Spanoudaki Virginia , Doloff Joshua C. , Huang Wei , Norcross Samuel R. , Farah Shady , Langer Robert , Anderson Daniel G. 
Published: February 2019

Significance
In this work we performed long-term, time and spatially resolved in vivo position and oxygen sensing of differently sized biomaterial implants that are transient and moving in the intraperitoneal space. Prior studies of biomaterial oxygenation using imaging have been limited to fixed, defined implantation areas with no consideration regarding how the material environment changes over time. In this study, we derived associations between changes in the spatial arrangement of the implants and their oxygen content by using unsupervised machine-learning clustering algorithms that screened for patterns over thousands of 2D images. The methodology presented here can be used to guide more efficient design of cellular transplants where proper oxygenation is of utmost importance for therapeutic efficacy.
Tracing emergent multilectal styles
Authors: Stell Gerald 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis study addresses the question of how focused code-switching practices can become. It takes two complementary approaches to determine sorts and degrees of focusing, namely, a sequential analyst perspective, and a holistic perspective involving general sociolinguistic data and member’s perspectives. The case study presented involves a multilectal interaction between urban speakers of Oshiwambo, the main ethnic language of Namibia, where it cohabits with English and Afrikaans, the country’s lingua francas. The analysis reveals a range of structurally or qualitatively distinctive CS patterns involving Oshiwambo (dialects), English, and Afrikaans, used by all participants. Mostly alternational CS and specific types of backflagging display sequential regularity, while other CS patterns seem randomly distributed, at first sight an attribute of ‘free variation’. However, the examination of social indexicalities attached to the observed CS patterns shows that they all contribute to the performance of a multi-layered balancing act between urban and ethnic authenticities.
Puerto Rico as colonial palimpsest
Authors: Mellinger Christopher D. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis article presents a microhistory of Puerto Rico that investigates the role of translation and language policy during the transition from Spanish to U.S. colonial rule. Two specific periods, namely the transitional military government from 1898 to 1900 and the first civilian government from 1900 to 1917, provide the framework within which the study is conducted. Analyses of official language and translation policies, as well as historical documents from governmental and educational contexts, illustrate the multiple, conflicting agendas employed by the new colonial power to Americanize the island. Results also demonstrate how codified policies do not fully account for the linguistic and cultural landscape in colonial contexts, thereby requiring closer examination of translation practices and beliefs and their interplay with translation policy.
Anxiolytic effects of theaflavins via dopaminergic activation in the frontal cortex
Authors: Kita Masahiro , Uchida Shinichi , Yamada Koji , Ano Yasuhisa 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTEpidemiological investigations have reported that the habit of drinking tea reduces the risk of developing a mental disorder, including anxiety disorder and depression. Theaflavins, black tea polyphenols, show antibacterial and anti-oxidative effects, but their effects on brain function, especially mental condition, have not been elucidated. The present study demonstrated that theaflavins increased dopamine (DA) turnover in the frontal cortex and showed an anxiolytic effect in mice. Theaflavin consumption increased the time spent by mice in the open arms of an elevated plus maze test. Theaflavin administration increased the levels of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and the ratios of DOPAC/DA and (DOPAC+homovanillic acids)/DA indicating DA turnover, in the frontal cortex. These results suggest that the consumption of theaflavins induced anxiolytic effects via activation of the dopaminergic system in the frontal cortex, which support the findings of previous epidemiological studies. Theaflavins in black tea may be helpful to reduce anxiety in daily life. (150/150 words).
Bilateral comparison on time differences between two pulses between TÜBİTAK UME and SASO NMCC (GULFMET.TF-S1)
Authors: Yoğun Mesut , Harbi Waleed M Al , Al-Dawood Khalid S , Pehlivan Ihsan 
Published: February 2019

In this bilateral comparison the pre-defined time intervals between two pulses have been measured by using both the high speed oscilloscope and the time interval counter. The pulses used in the measurements have been generated by a modified delay generator which is commercially available.
KEY WORDS FOR SEARCH
Time interval measurement, time interval comparison, delay generator

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCTF, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Can comprehensive geriatric assessment be delivered without the need for geriatricians? A formative evaluation in two perioperative surgical settings
Authors: Kocman David , Regen Emma , Phelps Kay , Martin Graham , Parker Stuart , Gilbert Thomas , Conroy Simon 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Introduction
the aim of this study was to design an approach to improving care for frail older patients in hospital services where comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) was not part of the clinical tradition.

Methods
the intervention was based on the principles of CGA, using quality improvement methodology to embed care processes. Qualitative methods and coproduction were used to inform development of the intervention, which was directed towards the health care professionals involved in peri-operative/surgical cancer care pathways in two large UK teaching hospitals. A formative, qualitative evaluation was undertaken; data collection and analysis were guided by normalisation process theory.

Results
the clinicians involved agreed to use the toolkit, identifying potential benefits including improved surgical decision making and delivery of interventions pre-operatively. However, sites concluded that pre-operative assessment was not the best place for CGA, and at the end of the 12-month trial, implementation was still nascent. Efforts competed against the dominance of national time-limited targets, and concerns relating to patients’ immediate treatment and recovery. Some participants involved in the peri-operative pathway felt that CGA required ongoing specialist input from geriatricians, but it was not clear that this was sustainable.

Conclusions
clinical toolkits designed to empower non-geriatric teams to deliver CGA were received with initial enthusiasm, but did not fully achieve their stated aims due to the need for an extended period of service development with geriatrician support, competing priorities, and divergent views about appropriate professional domains.
Update on Avoiding and Treating Blindness From Fillers: A Recent Review of the World Literature
Authors: Beleznay Katie , Carruthers Jean D A , Humphrey Shannon , Carruthers Alastair , Jones Derek 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
Sudden loss of vision secondary to filler treatments is a rare but catastrophic complication.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to update the published cases of blindness after filler injection that have occurred since we published our review of 98 cases in 2015, and to discuss prevention and management strategies.

Methods
A literature review was performed to identify all cases of visual complications caused by filler injection identified between January 2015 and September 2018.

Results
Forty-eight new published cases of partial or complete vision loss after filler injection were identified. The sites that were highest risk were the nasal region (56.3%), glabella (27.1%), forehead (18.8%), and nasolabial fold (14.6%). Hyaluronic acid filler was the cause of this complication in 81.3% of cases. Vision loss, pain, ophthalmoplegia, and ptosis were the most common reported symptoms. Skin changes were seen in 43.8% of cases and central nervous system complications were seen in 18.8% of cases. Ten cases (20.8%) experienced complete recovery of vision, whereas 8 cases (16.7%) reported only partial recovery. Management strategies varied greatly and there were no treatments that were shown to be consistently successful.

Conclusions
Although the risk of blindness from fillers is rare, practitioners who inject filler should have a thorough knowledge of this complication including prevention and management strategies.

Level of Evidence: 5
Translational activation of maternally derived mRNAs in oocytes and early embryos and the role of embryonic poly(A) binding protein (EPAB)
Authors: Esencan Ecem , Kallen Amanda , Zhang Man , Seli Emre 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTranscription ceases upon stimulation of oocyte maturation and gene expression during oocyte maturation, fertilization, and early cleavage relies on translational activation of maternally derived mRNAs. Two key mechanisms that mediate translation of mRNAs in oocytes have been described in detail: cytoplasmic polyadenylation-dependent and -independent. Both of these mechanisms utilize specific protein complexes that interact with cis-acting sequences located on 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR), and both involve embryonic poly(A) binding protein (EPAB), the predominant poly(A) binding protein during early development. While mechanistic details of these pathways have primarily been elucidated using the Xenopus model, their roles are conserved in mammals and targeted disruption of key regulators in mouse results in female infertility. Here, we provide a detailed account of the molecular mechanisms involved in translational activation during oocyte and early embryo development, and the role of EPAB in this process.