bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amorphous Fe−Co−P−C Film on a Carbon Fiber Paper Support as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Lian Jun , Zhang Fabao , Lu ShuQiang , Jiang Wei , Hu Qingzhuo , Li Dongdong , Zhang Bo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAmorphous Fe−Co−P−C films supported on carbon fiber paper were prepared by using an inexpensive conventional magnetron co‐sputtering technique, and the effects of the Co content on electrocatalytic performance were assessed. These
CoxP13C7 (x=20, 40 or 60) films performed well as electrocatalysts and exhibited good durability during the oxygen evolution reaction in 1.0 M KOH. Increases in the Co concentration improved the electrocatalytic activity, and the Fe20Co60P13C7 film produced a low overpotential of approximately 310 mV at 10 mA cm−2, with a low Tafel slope of approximately 31 mV dec−1. This material also maintained a constant overpotential for at least 20 h. Based on the results of this study, these materials represent a new approach to the development of highly efficient, inexpensive catalysts for water electrolysis.
Molecular Tectonics: A Node‐and‐Linker Building Block Approach to a Family of Hydrogen‐Bonded Frameworks
Authors: Boer Stephanie A. , Morshedi Mahbod , Tarzia Andrew , Doonan Christian J. , White Nicholas G. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWhile numerous hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) have been reported, typically these cannot be prepared predictably or in a modular fashion. In this work, we report a family of nine diamondoid crystalline porous frameworks assembled via hydrogen bonding between poly‐amidinium and poly‐carboxylate tectons. The frameworks are prepared at room temperature in either water or water/alcohol mixtures. Importantly, both the cationic and anionic components can be varied and additional functionality can be incorporated into the frameworks, which show good stability including to prolonged heating in DMSO or water.
Hybrid Soft Nanomaterials Composed of DNA Microspheres and Supramolecular Nanostructures of Semi‐artificial Glycopeptides
Authors: Higashi Sayuri L. , Shibata Aya , Kitamura Yoshiaki , Hirosawa Koichiro M. , Suzuki Kenichi G. N. , Matsuura Kazunori , Ikeda Masato 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAqueous hybrid soft nanomaterials consisting of plural supramolecular architectures with a high degree of segregation (orthogonal coexistence) and precise hierarchy at the nano‐ and microscales, which are reminiscent of complex biomolecular systems, have attracted increasing attention. Remarkable progress has been witnessed in the construction of DNA nanostructures obtained by rational sequence design and supramolecular nanostructures of peptide derivatives through self‐assembly under aqueous conditions. However, orthogonal self‐assembly of DNA nanostructures and supramolecular nanostructures of peptide derivatives in a single medium has not yet been explored in detail. In this study, DNA microspheres, which can be obtained from three single‐stranded DNAs, and three different supramolecular nanostructures (helical nanofibers, straight nanoribbons, and flowerlike microaggregates) of semi‐artificial glycopeptides were simultaneously constructed in a single medium by a simple thermal annealing process, which gives rise to hybrid soft nanomaterials. Fluorescence imaging with selective staining of each supramolecular nanostructure uncovered the orthogonal coexistence of these structures with only marginal impact on their morphology. Additionally, the biostimuli‐responsive degradation propensity of each supramolecular architecture is retained, and this may allow the construction of active soft nanomaterials exhibiting intelligent biofunctions.
Isolation and Crystallographic Characterization of Two, Nonisolated Pentagon Endohedral Fullerenes: Ho3N@C2(22010)‐C78 and Tb3N@C2(22010)‐C78
Authors: Stevenson Steven , Rothgeb Amanda J. , Tepper Katelyn R. , Duchamp James , Dorn Harry C. , Powers Xian B. , Roy Mrittika , Olmstead Marilyn M. , Balch Alan L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPurified samples of Ho3N@C2(22010)‐C78 and Tb3N@C2(22010)‐C78 have been isolated by two distinct processes from the rich array of fullerenes and endohedral fullerenes present in carbon soot from graphite rods doped with Ho2O3 or Tb4O7. Crystallographic analysis of the endohedral fullerenes as cocrystals with Ni(OEP) (in which OEP is the dianion of octaethylporphyrin) shows that both molecules contain the chiral C2(22010)‐C78 cage. This cage does not obey the isolated pentagon rule (IPR) but has two sites where two pentagons share a common C−C bond. These pentalene units bind two of the metal ions, whereas the third metal resides near a hexagon of the cage. Inside the cages, the Ho3N or Tb3N unit is planar. Ho3N@C2(22010)‐C78 and Tb3N@C2(22010)‐C78 use the same cage previously found for Gd3N@C2(22010)‐C78 rather than the IPR‐obeying cage found in Sc3N@D3h‐C78.
Erhöhung der Energieeffizienz der Crossflow‐Filtration durch keramische Rohrmembranen einer neuen Generation
Authors: Lescoche Philippe , Grospelly Laurent , Grangeon André , Ruschel Bernd , Anquetil Jérome 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDie Wirkung der Crossflow‐Filtration von Flüssigkeiten beruht auf der kontinuierlichen und kontrollierten Zirkulation von Fluiden in linearen Kanälen. Die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit ist von entscheidender Bedeutung für die Wirtschaftlichkeit des Prozesses. TAMI Industries untersucht die Verwendung sog. additiver Verfahren zur Herstellung keramischer Träger mit geometrischen Strukturen, die mit herkömmlichen Technologien nicht produziert werden können. Im Vergleich zu konventionellen Geometrien ist es möglich, die Permeatleistung zu steigern, ohne den Energieverbrauch zu erhöhen oder bei gleicher Permeatleistung den Energieverbrauch entsprechend zu reduzieren.
Insertion Pool Sequencing for Insertional Mutant Analysis in Complex Host‐Microbe Interactions
Authors: Uhse Simon , Pflug Florian G. , von Haeseler Arndt , Djamei Armin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractInsertional mutant libraries of microorganisms can be applied in negative depletion screens to decipher gene functions. Because of underrepresentation in colonized tissue, one major bottleneck is analysis of species that colonize hosts. To overcome this, we developed insertion pool sequencing (iPool‐Seq). iPool‐Seq allows direct analysis of colonized tissue due to high specificity for insertional mutant cassettes. Here, we describe detailed protocols for infection as well as genomic DNA extraction to study the interaction between the corn smut fungus Ustilago maydis and its host maize. In addition, we provide protocols for library preparation and bioinformatic data analysis that are applicable to any host‐microbe interaction system. © 2019 The Authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Fathoming sea turtles: monitoring strategy evaluation to improve conservation status assessments
Authors: Piacenza Susan E. , Richards Paul M. , Heppell Selina S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPopulation monitoring must be accurate and reliable to correctly classify population status. For sea turtles, nesting beach surveys are often the only population‐level surveys that are accessible. However, process and observation errors, compounded by delayed maturity, obscure the relationship between trends on the nesting beach and the population. We present a simulation‐based tool, monitoring strategy evaluation (MoSE), to test the relationships between monitoring data and assessment accuracy, using green sea turtles, Chelonia mydas, as a case study. To explore this first application of MoSE, we apply different treatments of population impacts to virtual true populations, and sample the nests or nesters, with observation error, to test if the observation data can be used to diagnose population status accurately. Based on the observed data, we examine population trend and compare it to the known values from the operating model. We ran a series of scenarios including harvest impacts, cyclical breeding probability, and sampling biases, to see how these factors impact accuracy in estimating population trend. We explored the necessary duration of monitoring for accurate trend estimation and the probability of a false trend diagnosis. Our results suggest that disturbance type and severity can have important and persistent effects on the accuracy of population assessments drawn from monitoring nesting beaches. The underlying population phase, age classes disturbed, and impact severity influenced the accuracy of estimating population trend. At least 10 yr of monitoring data is necessary to estimate population trend accurately, and >20 yr if juvenile age classes were disturbed and the population is recovering. In general, there is a greater probability of making a false positive trend diagnosis than a false negative, but this depends on impact type and severity, population phase, and sampling duration. Improving detection rates to 90% does little to lower probability of a false trend diagnosis with shorter monitoring spans. Altogether, monitoring strategies for specific populations may be tailored based on the impact history, population phase, and environmental drivers. The MoSE is an important framework for analysis through simulation that can comprehensively test population assessments for accuracy and inform policy recommendations regarding the best monitoring strategies.
Statins can suppress DC‐mediated Th2 responses through the repression of OX40‐ligand and CCL17 expression
Authors: Inagaki‐Katashiba Noriko , Ito Tomoki , Inaba Muneo , Azuma Yoshiko , Tanaka Akihiro , Phan Vien , Kibata Kayoko , Satake Atsushi , Nomura Shosaku 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDCs and epithelial cell‐derived thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) have pivotal roles in allergic inflammation. TSLP stimulates myeloid DCs to express OX40‐ligand (OX40L) and CCL17, which trigger and maintain Th2 cell responses. We have previously shown that statins, which are HMG‐CoA reductase inhibitors, have the ability to suppress type I IFN production by plasmacytoid DCs. Here, we extended our previous work to examine the immunomodulatory effect of statins on allergic responses, particularly the TSLP‐dependent Th2 pathway induced by myeloid DCs. We found that treatment of TSLP‐stimulated DCs with either pitavastatin or simvastatin suppressed both the DC‐mediated inflammatory Th2 cell differentiation and CRTH2+CD4+ memory Th2 cell expansion and also repressed the expressions of OX40L and CCL17 by DCs. These inhibitory effects of statins were mimicked by treatment with either a geranylgeranyl‐transferase inhibitor or Rho‐kinase inhibitor and were counteracted by the addition of mevalonate, suggesting that statins induce geranylgeranylated Rho inactivation through a mevalonate‐dependent pathway. We also found that statins inhibited the expressions of phosphorylated STA6 and NF‐κB‐p50 in TSLP‐stimulated DCs. This study identified a specific ability of statins to control DC‐mediated Th2 responses, suggesting their therapeutic potential for treating allergic diseases.
Inulinase immobilization on polyethylene glycol/polypyrrole multiwall carbon nanotubes producing a catalyst with enhanced thermal and operational stability
Authors: Temkov Mishela , Petrovski Aleksandar , Gjorgieva Emilija , Popovski Emil , Lazarova Maja , Boev Ivan , Paunovic Perica , Grozdanov Anita , Dimitrov Aleksandar , Baidak Aliaksandr , Krastanov Albert 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper describes the development of a simple method for mixed non‐covalent and covalent bonding of partially purified inulinase on functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (f‐MWCNTs) with polypyrrole (PPy). The pyrrole (Py) was electrochemically polymerized on MWCNTs in order to fabricate MWCNTs/PPy nanocomposite. Two multiple forms of enzyme were bound to N‐H functional groups from PPy and ‐COO− from activated MWCNTs to yield a stable MWCNTs/PPy/PEG immobilized preparation with increased thermal stability. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to confirm functionalization of nanoparticles and immobilization of the enzyme. The immobilization yield of 85% and optimal enzyme load of 345 μg protein onto MWCNTs was obtained. The optimum reaction conditions and kinetic parameters were established using the UV‐Vis analytical assay. The best functional performance for prepared heterogeneous catalyst has been observed at pH 3.6 and 10, and at the temperatures of 60 and 80ºC. The half‐life (t1/2) of the immobilized inulinase at 60 and 80ºC was found to be 231 and 99 min, respectively. The reusability of the immobilized formulation was evaluated based on a method in which the enzyme retained 50% of its initial activity, which occurred after the eighteenth operation cycle.
Mode of Action Classifications in the EnviroTox Database: Development and Implementation of a Consensus MOA Classification
Authors: Kienzler Aude , Connors Kristin A. , Bonnell Mark , Barron Mace G. , Beasley Amy , Inglis Cristina G. , Norberg-King Teresa J. , Martin Todd , Sanderson Hans , Vallotton Nathalie , Wilson Peter , Embry Michelle R. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Multiple mode of action (MOA) frameworks have been developed in aquatic ecotoxicology, mainly based on fish toxicity. These frameworks provide information on a key determinant of chemical toxicity, but the MOA categories and level of specificity remain unique to each of the classification schemes. The present study aimed to develop a consensus MOA assignment within EnviroTox, a curated in vivo aquatic toxicity database, based on the following MOA classification schemes: Verhaar (modified) framework, Assessment Tool for Evaluating Risk, Toxicity Estimation Software Tool, and OASIS. The MOA classifications from each scheme were first collapsed into one of 3 categories: non–specifically acting (i.e., narcosis), specifically acting, or nonclassifiable. Consensus rules were developed based on the degree of concordance among the 4 individual MOA classifications to attribute a consensus MOA to each chemical. A confidence rank was also assigned to the consensus MOA classification based on the degree of consensus. Overall, 40% of the chemicals were classified as narcotics, 17% as specifically acting, and 43% as unclassified. Sixty percent of chemicals had a medium to high consensus MOA assignment. When compared to empirical acute toxicity data, the general trend of specifically acting chemicals being more toxic is clearly observed for both fish and invertebrates but not for algae. EnviroTox is the first approach to establishing a high-level consensus across 4 computationally and structurally distinct MOA classification schemes. This consensus MOA classification provides both a transparent understanding of the variation between MOA classification schemes and an added certainty of the MOA assignment. In terms of regulatory relevance, a reliable understanding of MOA can provide information that can be useful for the prioritization (ranking) and risk assessment of chemicals. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2294–2304. © 2019 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
Effect of Microstructure on the Degradation of La0.6Sr0.4CoO3–δ Electrodes in Dry and Humid Atmospheres
Authors: Egger A. , Perz M. , Bucher E. , Gspan C. , Sitte W. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLa0.6Sr0.4CoO3–δ electrode layers with three different microstructures were manufactured by screen‐printing, spin‐coating and infiltration into a porous Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 backbone. Electrode performance was monitored at 700 °C in 20% O2 over periods of 1,600 to 3,860 h by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy under open circuit conditions. Reference measurements were performed in dry atmospheres, where significant electrode activation was observed for cells with spin‐coated and infiltrated electrodes. Subsequently, the relative humidity level in the surrounding atmosphere was set to 30% and further raised to 60%, thus simulating SOFC operation with ambient air without pre‐drying. While no performance loss could be observed in dry atmospheres, significant degradation occurred in humid atmospheres with pronounced differences between degradation rates of half cells with different electrode microstructures. Post‐test analyses by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmissionscanning electron microscopy (STEM) were employed to identify the causes for the observed differences in degradation behavior. For screen‐printed cells, the surface of the degraded electrodes was covered with small crystallites, probably consisting of SrO formed by Sr‐segregation and surface precipitation, where humidity was found to be a crucial factor. For spin‐coated and infiltrated electrodes, poisoning by impurities (Si, Cr, S) and particle coarsening were identified as potential causes.
Aggregation‐Free Organic Dyes Featuring Spiro[dibenzo[3,4:6,7]cyclohepta[1,2‐b]quinoxaline‐10,9′‐fluorene] (SDBQX) for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Fang Jing‐Kun , Xu Mengchen , Hu Xiangyu , Wu Chunxia , Lu Shuang , Yu Hui‐Juan , Bao Xin , Wang Yinglin , Shao Guang , Liu Wei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThree novel organic dyes coded as FHD4‐1, FHD4‐2, and FHD4‐3 featuring spiro[dibenzo[3,4:6,7]cyclohepta[1,2‐b]quinoxaline‐10,9′‐fluorene] (SDBQX) moieties are designed to inhibit dye aggregation to improve the performance of dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The consistent absorption onsets of FHD4‐1, FHD4‐2, and FHD4‐3 in solutions and adsorbed on TiO2 films indicate that these dyes are aggregation‐free dyes. Therefore, coadsorption with chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) of these three dyes reduces the performance of DSSCs because no inhibition effect for dye aggregation is needed, but, on the contrary, the dye loading amount is reduced after addition of CDCA.
TICON: TIdal CONstants based on GESLA sea‐level records from globally located tide gauges
Authors: Piccioni Gaia , Dettmering Denise , Bosch Wolfgang , Seitz Florian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe TICON (TIdal CONstants) dataset contains harmonic constants of 40 tidal constituents computed for 1,145 tide gauges distributed globally. The tidal estimations are based on publicly available sea level records of the second version of the Global Extreme Sea Level Analysis (GESLA) project and were derived through a least squares‐based harmonic analysis on the single time series. A preliminary screening was performed on all records to exclude doubtful observations. Only the records containing more than 70% of valid measurements were processed, that correspond to 89.7% of the total 1,276 original public GESLA records. The results are stored in a text file, and include additional information on the position of the stations, the starting and ending years of the analysed record, the estimated error of the fit, a code that corresponds to the source of the record and additional information on the single time series. In ocean tide models, data from in situ stations are used for validation purposes, and TICON is a useful and easy‐to‐handle data set that allows the users to select the records according to different criteria most suitable for their purposes. The data are provided with DOI identification in the PANGAEA repository.
Glial α‐synuclein promotes neurodegeneration characterized by a distinct transcriptional program in vivo
Authors: Olsen Abby L. , Feany Mel B. 
Published: July 2019

Abstractα‐Synucleinopathies are neurodegenerative diseases that are characterized pathologically by α‐synuclein inclusions in neurons and glia. The pathologic contribution of glial α‐synuclein in these diseases is not well understood. Glial α‐synuclein may be of particular importance in multiple system atrophy (MSA), which is defined pathologically by glial cytoplasmic α‐synuclein inclusions. We have previously described Drosophila models of neuronal α‐synucleinopathy, which recapitulate key features of the human disorders. We have now expanded our model to express human α‐synuclein in glia. We demonstrate that expression of α‐synuclein in glia alone results in α‐synuclein aggregation, death of dopaminergic neurons, impaired locomotor function, and autonomic dysfunction. Furthermore, co‐expression of α‐synuclein in both neurons and glia worsens these phenotypes as compared to expression of α‐synuclein in neurons alone. We identify unique transcriptomic signatures induced by glial as opposed to neuronal α‐synuclein. These results suggest that glial α‐synuclein may contribute to the burden of pathology in the α‐synucleinopathies through a cell type‐specific transcriptional program. This new Drosophila model system enables further mechanistic studies dissecting the contribution of glial and neuronal α‐synuclein in vivo, potentially shedding light on mechanisms of disease that are especially relevant in MSA but also the α‐synucleinopathies more broadly.
Embracing Asymmetry and Humility in the Face of Disability
Authors: Carlson Licia 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn “The Relational Potential Standard,” in this issue of the Hastings Center Report, Aaron Wightman and colleagues propose “relational potential” as an addition to existing standards that are employed in making difficult decisions regarding life‐sustaining treatment for children with profound cognitive disabilities. They offer compelling explanations for why the expanded standard is important and why an approach grounded in an ethics of care is both necessary and justified. In what follows, I would like to explore asymmetries that emerge from their account: between clinician and parent and between child and parent. “Asymmetry” is a term invoked in the context of disability, often as a marker of something undesirable, abnormal, pathological. Yet asymmetry may also be generative and worthy of attention, and in some cases, something to be embraced. My aim here is to argue that an important dimension of humility in the face of disability lies in recognizing these asymmetrical relationships and responding to them with care.
Capacity and Relationship
Authors: Kaebnick Gregory E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn the lead article in the May‐June 2019 issue of the Hastings Center Report, Aaron Wightman and coauthors consider the guiding principles for making decisions about life‐sustaining treatment for children who have profound cognitive impairments. They argue that the usual standard, which asks decision‐makers to consider what will be in the child's best interests, cannot provide sufficient guidance. Discussing this problem in HCR thirty‐five years ago, the philosopher John Arras proposed addressing it by means of a “relational potential standard,” according to which decisions about providing life‐sustaining treatment to a child should depend in part on whether the child has the capacity to form human relationships. Wightman et al. build on Arras's work, but where Arras had suggested that the capacity to form relationships could be gauged by examining the child's cognitive capabilities, the authors suggest that the medical team should lean heavily on the parents’ views.