bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complications and Prevention Strategies of Oblique Lateral Interbody Fusion Technique
Authors: Zeng Zhong‐you , Xu Zhao‐wan , He Deng‐wei , Zhao Xing , Ma Wei‐hu , Ni Wen‐fei , Song Yong‐xing , Zhang Jian‐qiao , Yu Wei , Fang Xiang‐qian , Zhou Zhi‐jie , Xu Nan‐jian , Huang Wen‐jian , Hu Zhi‐chao , Wu Ai‐lian , Ji Jian‐fei , Han Jian‐fu , Fan Shun‐wu , Zhao Feng‐dong , Jin Hui , Pei Fei , Fan Shi‐yang , Sui De‐xiu 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveTo analyze the early complications and causes of oblique lateral interbody fusion, and put forward preventive measures.MethodsThere were 235 patients (79 males and 156 females) analyzed in our study from October 2014 to May 2017. The average age was 61.9 ± 0.21 years (from 32 to 83 years). Ninety‐one cases were treated with oblique lateral interbody fusion (OLIF) alone (OLIF alone group) and 144 with OLIF combined with posterior pedicle screw fixation through the intermuscular space approach (OLIF combined group). In addition, 137/144 cases in the combined group were primarily treated by posterior pedicle screw fixation, while the treatments were postponed in 7 cases. There were 190 cases of single fusion segments, 11 of 2 segments, 21 of 3 segments, and 13 of 4 segments. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were observed.ResultsAverage follow‐up time was 15.6 ± 7.5 months (ranged from 6 to 36 months). Five cases were lost to follow‐up (2 cases from the OLIF alone group and 3 cases from the OLIF combined group). There were 7 cases of vascular injury, 22 cases of endplate damage, 2 cases of vertebral body fracture, 11 cases of nerve injury, 18 cases of cage sedimentation or cage transverse shifting, 3 cases of iliac crest pain, 1 case of right psoas major hematoma, 2 cases of incomplete ileus, 1 case of acute heart failure, 1 case of cerebral infarction, 3 case of left lower abdominal pain, 9 cases of transient psoas weakness, 3 cases of transient quadriceps weakness, and 8 cases of reoperation. The complication incidence was 32.34%. Thirty‐three cases occurred in the OLIF alone group, with a rate of 36.26%, and 43 cases in the group of OLIF combined posterior pedicle screw fixation, with a rate of 29.86%. Fifty‐seven cases occurred in single‐segment fusion, with a rate of 30.0% (57/190), 4 cases occurred in two‐segment fusion, with a rate of 36.36% (4/11), 9 cases occurred in three‐segment fusion, with a rate of 42.86% (9/21), and 6 cases occurred in four‐segment fusion, with a rate of 46.15% (6/13).ConclusionIn summary, OLIF is a relatively safe and very effective technique for minimally invasive lumbar fusion. Nonetheless, it should be noted that OLIF carries the risk of complications, especially in the early stage of development.
The anatomical relationship between the axillary artery and vein investigated by radial coronary angiography
Authors: Sert Sena , Kepez Alper , Atas Halil , Mutlu Bulent , Erdogan Okan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimsTo reduce the risk of inadvertent arterial puncture and bleeding, we aimed to define a safe puncture site by demonstrating the relation of the axillary artery and vein.MethodsThe anatomical course and relation as well as crossover sites of the axillary artery and vein, the presence of small arterial bridges over the axillary vein, and validation of commonly preferred axillary venous puncture sites were determined by simultaneous ipsilateral venography in patients (n = 111; 80 men, age 60 ± 10 years) who underwent coronary angiography by radial artery access.ResultsThe axillary vein was detected at the first costa‐clavicular intersection in 62% and at the second anterior and third posterior costal intersection in 60% of the patients. Small arterial bridges over the axillary vein were observed in 77% of the patients and more frequently in females and body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 (P = 0.034 and P = 0.03, respectively). The axillary artery crossed the vein in 24% of the patients and almost always within the region close to the first costa‐clavicular intersection site.ConclusionOur study demonstrated a high crossover rate (24%) of axillary artery and vein and a high degree of variation in the course of axillary vein. Small arterial bridges over the axillary vein were observed in 77% of the patients.
Clinical features of children with multicystic dysplastic kidney
Authors: Kara Aslihan , Gurgoze Metin Kaya , Aydin Mustafa , Koc Zehra Pinar 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the clinical features of patients with multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK).MethodsThe medical files of children diagnosed with MCDK between January 2008 and November 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. The demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiological data were evaluated.ResultsOf 128 children with MCDK enrolled in the study, 82 (64.1%) were male, and 46 (35.9%) were female (P < 0.05). MCDK were located on left and right sides in 66 (51.6%) and 62 children (48.4%), respectively (P > 0.05). Antenatal diagnosis was present in 64 patients (50%). The mean age at diagnosis was 2.8 ± 2.7 years (range, 0–8 years), and follow‐up duration was 4.5 years. Fifteen patients (20.8%) had vesicoureteral reflux. Of these, four underwent endoscopic surgical correction. Other associated urological anomalies were ureteropelvic junction obstruction (n = 6), hypospadias (n = 1), and kidney stones (n = 1). On technetium‐99 m dimercaptosuccinic acid scintigraphy, which was performed in all patients, no significant association between grade of reflux and presence of scarring was seen. Hypertension was diagnosed only in one child (0.8%) who required antihypertensive treatment. The prevalence of unilateral undescended testicle in children aged <1 year in the 82 male patients was 4.9%. Seventy‐six patients (59.4%) developed compensatory hypertrophy in the contralateral kidney during a 1 year follow‐up period. Of the total, only seven children (5.5%) had undergone nephrectomy.ConclusionsMCDK follows a benign course with relatively few sequelae, and therefore these patients should be closely followed up and conservatively managed.
Effect of ultraviolet light on mood, depressive disorders and well‐being
Authors: Veleva Bistra I. , van Bezooijen Rutger L. , Chel Victor G. M. , Numans Mattijs E. , Caljouw Monique A. A. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryBackgroundHuman and animal studies have shown that exposure to ultraviolet light can incite a chain of endocrine, immunologic, and neurohumoral reactions that might affect mood. This review focuses on the evidence from clinical trials and observational studies on the effect of ultraviolet light on mood, depressive disorders, and well‐being.MethodsA search was made in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, Psychinfo, CINAHL, Academic Search Premier and Science Direct, and the references of key papers, for clinical trials and observational studies describing the effect of ultraviolet light applied to skin or eyes on mood, depressive disorders, and well‐being.ResultsOf the seven studies eligible for this review, the effect of ultraviolet light on mood, depressive symptoms and seasonal affective disorders was positive in six of them.ConclusionsOf the seven studies, six demonstrated benefit of exposure to ultraviolet radiation and improvement in mood which supports a positive effect of ultraviolet light on mood. Because of the small number of the studies and their heterogeneity, more research is warranted to confirm and document this correlation.
Real effects of banking crises: Imports of capital goods by developing countries
Authors: Michail Nektarios A. , Savvides Andreas 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe examine the hypothesis that banking crises have real effects on developing economies by reducing imports of capital goods. We test this hypothesis by estimating a model for the determinants of imports of capital goods by a panel of developing economies during 1961 to 2010. Our results suggest that not only do banking crises have statistically significant and economically important effects on imports of capital goods, but these effects increase the longer a banking crisis lasts. Imports of capital goods are a critical component of the capital stock and the production process in developing economies and, thus, our results highlight one important channel through which banking crises may hamper the growth prospects of these economies.
The determinants of interest rates in microfinance: Age, scale and organizational charter
Authors: Nwachukwu Jacinta C. , Aziz Aqsa , Tony‐Okeke Uchenna , Asongu Simplice A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study compares the responsiveness of microcredit interest rates with age, scale of lending, and organizational charter. It uses an unbalanced panel of 300 microfinance institutions (MFIs) from 107 developing countries from 2005 to 2015. Three key trends emerge from the results of a 2SLS regression. First, the adoption of formal microbanking practices raises interest rates compared with other forms of microlending. Second, large‐scale lending lowers interest rates only for those MFIs that already hold legal banking status. Third, age of operation in excess of 8 years exerts a negative impact on interest rates, regardless of scale and charter type of MFI. Collectively, our results indicate that policies that incentivize mature MFIs to share their knowledge will be more effective in helping the nascent institutions to overcome their cost disadvantages compared with reforms to transform them into licensed banks. For MFIs that already hold permits to operate as banks, initiatives to increase loan sizes are key strategic pricing decisions, irrespective of the institution's age. This study is original in its differentiation of the impact on interest rates of regulations that promote formal banking principles, credit market extension vis‐à‐vis knowledge sharing between mature and nascent MFIs.
Temporal Trends of Biomarkers and Between-Biomarker Associations
Authors: Hu Zonghui 
Published: June 2018

SummaryWe are interested in the temporal trends of biomarkers that are related to disease progression, especially the association between two temporal trends. When biological mechanisms are lacking, no parametric forms of the temporal trends are theoretically justified. In this work, we adopt joint non-parametric local linear mixed effects modelling. By local linear regression, each temporal trend is represented by its magnitude and slope (the primary interest in medical studies) which both change with time. By mixed effects modelling, we take care of data sparsity within each subject and the large subject-to-subject variability. The association between two temporal trends is evaluated by the correlation coefficient matrix, assessing association in terms of both the magnitude and the slope. The joint modelling enables evaluation of the association as a continuous function of time, even if one or neither biomarker is observed at some specific time points. We apply the method proposed to a study of human immunodeficiency virus patients following anti-retroviral therapy until viral suppression. We find that associations between some biomarkers change over time, reflecting potentially changing stages of disease.
Antiplatelet antibody‐induced thrombocytopenia does not correlate with megakaryocyte abnormalities in murine immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Guo L. , Kapur R. , Aslam R. , Hunt K. , Hou Y. , Zufferey A. , Speck E. R. , Rondina M. T. , Lazarus A. H. , Ni H. , Semple J. W. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractImmune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune bleeding disorder characterized by increased peripheral immune platelet destruction and megakaryocyte defects in the bone marrow. Although ITP was originally thought to be primarily due to antibody‐mediated autoimmunity, it is now clear that T cells also play a significant role in the disease. However, the exact interplay between platelet destruction, megakaryocyte dysfunction and the elements of both humoral and cell‐mediated immunity in ITP remains incompletely defined. While most studies have focused on immune platelet destruction in the spleen, an additional possibility is that the antiplatelet antibodies can also destroy bone marrow megakaryocytes. To address this, we negated the effects of T cells by utilizing an in vivo passive ITP model where BALB/c mice were administered various anti‐αIIb, anti‐β3 or anti‐GPIb antibodies or antisera and platelet counts and bone marrow megakaryocytes were enumerated. Our results show that after 24 hours, all the different antiplatelet antibodies/sera induced variable degrees of thrombocytopenia in recipient mice. Compared with naïve control mice, however, histological examination of the bone marrow revealed that only 2 antibody preparations (mouse‐anti‐mouse β3 sera and an anti‐ αIIb monoclonal antibody (MWReg30) could affect bone marrow megakaryocyte counts. Our study shows that while most antiplatelet antibodies induce acute thrombocytopenia, the majority of them do not affect the number of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. This suggests that other mechanisms may be responsible for megakaryocyte abnormalities seen during immune thrombocytopenia.
The experience and meaning of same‐sex sexuality among heterosexually identified men and women: An analytic review
Authors: Hoy Aaron , London Andrew S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe components of sexual orientation, including but not limited to sexual desires, attractions, behaviors, and identities, are generally assumed to align in predictable ways. However, ample research from sociology and other social and behavioral science disciplines shows that for many people, these components do not align as expected. In this article, we focus on individuals who identify as heterosexual and experience same‐sex sexual desires, attractions, and/or behaviors. First, we briefly review the available quantitative data on the prevalence of such experiences and use data from one high‐quality national survey—the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG)—to show that self‐identified heterosexuals account for as much as one‐half of the same‐sex sexuality that is reported. Then, we turn to recent qualitative literature and draw attention to the contexts within which heterosexually identified men and women experience same‐sex sexuality, how they make sense of these experiences, and the interpretive strategies they use to reconcile their same‐sex sexuality with their heterosexual identities and their gendered presentations of self. Finally, we conclude by discussing the significance of this research and pointing to several paths forward for sociologists and other researchers.
CLIMATE CHANGE AND CONFLICTING FUTURE VISIONS
Authors: Larrabee David A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDealing with the effects of climate change requires the consideration of multiple conflicting moral claims. The prioritization of these claims depends on the vision of a desired future, eschatology broadly defined. These visions, sometimes implicit rather than explicit, shape our decision making by influencing our sense of how things “ought to be.” The role of future visions in economics, technology, and preservation of nature are explored as secular eschatologies. Four aspects of such visions are especially relevant to climate change decisions: distributive justice, land use, the relationship among humans, and our relationship to the rest of nature. Effectively dealing with such wicked problems requires that we scrutinize our visions of how the future ought to be, both technically and morally. Finally, we must foster a dialogue between competing visions so that we can forge a path that strives for consent.
WHAT IS CLIMATE CHANGE DOING TO US AND FOR US?
Authors: Carr Paul H. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWhat are we doing to our climate? Emissions from fossil fuel burning have raised carbon dioxide concentrations 35 percent higher than in the past millions of years. This increase is warming our planet via the greenhouse effect. What is climate change doing to and for us? Dry regions are drier and wet ones wetter. Wildfires have increased threefold, hurricanes more violent, floods setting record heights, glaciers melting, and seas rising. Parts of Earth are increasingly uninhabitable. Climate change requires us to act as a global community. Climate justice enjoins emitters to pay the social‐environmental costs of fossil fuel burning. This would expedite green solar, wind, and next‐generation nuclear energy sources. Individuals should conserve resources, waste less food, and eat a plant‐rich diet.
CLIMATE CHANGE IN CONTEXT: STRESS, SHOCK, AND THE CRUCIBLE OF LIVINGKIND
Authors: van Pelt James Clement 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAn increasing number of environmentally knowledgeable observers and activists comprehend the situation faced by the emerging global civilization and its unsustainable systems, characterized by planet‐altering positive feedback loops arising from human activity. They perceive contemporary natural and cultural developments as the prelude to the imminent collapse of technological civilization and the cataclysmic end of the Anthropocene epoch via a forced passage through the population bottleneck of the impending extinction‐level event which only a remnant of the present biosphere is likely to survive. Should this understanding be accurate, our own time could become the occasion for the greatest choice ever made on Earth: whether to continue things as they are until humanity becomes the chief cause and the chief victim of the now‐unfolding mass extinction; or to make the necessary transition to the awakening of Planet Earth.
Distance restricted maximal covering model for pharmacy duty scheduling problem
Authors: Uncu Nuşin , Bulğurcu Berna , Kılıç Fatih 
Published: June 2018

Pharmacies are considered as an integral part of health care systems for supplying medicine to patients. In order to access medicine with ease, pharmacies locations in the context of distance and demand are important for patients. In the case of a few numbers of pharmacies may be on duty at nights or during holidays, pharmacies duty scheduling problem occur and can be associated with location models. In contrast to widely used p-median model which aims to minimize the demand-weighted distance, we maximize the demand covered over the distance between the patients and the pharmacies on duty. Main contribution of the proposed model is the restriction constraint for the distance between pharmacies on duty in order to ensure fairness in an organizational view of point. We propose a distance restricted maximal covering location model (DR-MCLM) in this study. This mathematical model is a mixed integer linear programming model and solved by Lingo optimization software. The distances between the pharmacies and the sites are obtained using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The model is applied for the case in Adana, one of the biggest cities in Turkey. The results are given on the maps of the city, including the pharmacies on duty and their assignments to sites in each day of the period.
Effect of movement‐related pain on behaviour and corticospinal excitability changes associated with arm movement preparation
Authors: Neige Cécilia , Mavromatis Nicolas , Gagné Martin , Bouyer Laurent J. , Mercier Catherine 
Published: June 2018

Key points
Experimental pain or its anticipation influence motor preparation processes as well as upcoming movement execution, but the underlying physiological mechanisms remain unknown.
Our results showed that movement‐related pain modulates corticospinal excitability during motor preparation.
In accordance with the pain adaptation theory, corticospinal excitability was higher when the muscle has an antagonist (vs. an agonist) role for the upcoming movement associated with pain.
Anticipation of movement‐related pain also affects motor initiation and execution, with slower movement initiation (longer reaction times) and faster movement execution compared to movements that do not evoke pain.
These results confirm the implementation of protective strategies during motor preparation known to be relevant for acute pain, but which may potentially have detrimental long‐term consequences and lead to the development of chronic pain.
AbstractWhen a movement repeatedly generates pain, we anticipate movement‐related pain and establish self‐protective strategies during motor preparation, but the underlying mechanisms remains poorly understood. The current study investigated the effect of movement‐related pain anticipation on the modulation of behaviour and corticospinal excitability during the preparation of arm movements. Participants completed an instructed‐delay reaction‐time (RT) task consisting of elbow flexions and extensions instructed by visual cues. Nociceptive laser stimulations (unconditioned stimuli) were applied to the lateral epicondyle during movement execution in a specific direction (CS+) but not in the other (CS−), depending on experimental group. During motor preparation, transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to measure corticospinal excitability in the biceps brachii (BB). RT and peak end‐point velocity were also measured. Neurophysiological results revealed an opposite modulation of corticospinal excitability in BB depending on whether it plays an agonist (i.e. flexion) or antagonist (i.e. extension) role for the CS+ movements (P < 0.001). Moreover, behavioural results showed that for the CS+ movements RT did not change relative to baseline, whereas the CS− movements were initiated more quickly (P = 0.023) and the CS+ flexion movements were faster relative to the CS− flexion movements (P < 0.001). This is consistent with the pain adaptation theory which proposes that in order to protect the body from further pain, agonist muscle activity is reduced and antagonist muscle activity is increased. If these strategies are initially relevant and lead to short‐term pain alleviation, they may potentially have detrimental long‐term consequences and lead to the development of chronic pain.
Linezolid Kills Acid-Phase and Nonreplicative-Persister-Phase Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a Hollow-Fiber Infection Model
Authors: Drusano G. L. , Myrick Jenny , Maynard Michael , Nole Jocelyn , Duncanson Brandon , Brown David , Schmidt Stephan , Neely Michael , Scanga C. A. , Peloquin Charles , Louie Arnold 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT

The therapy for treatment of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
infections is long and arduous. It has been hypothesized that the therapy duration is driven primarily by populations of organisms in different metabolic states that replicate slowly or not at all (acid-phase and nonreplicative-persister [NRP]-phase organisms). Linezolid is an oxazolidinone antimicrobial with substantial activity against Log-phase
M. tuberculosis
. Here, we examined organisms in acid-phase growth and nonreplicative-persister-phenotype growth and determined the effect of differing clinically relevant exposures to linezolid in a hollow-fiber infection model (HFIM). The endpoints measured were bacterial kill over 29 days and whether organisms that were less susceptible to linezolid could be recovered during that period. In addition, we evaluated the effect of administration schedule on linezolid activity, contrasting daily administration with administration of twice the daily dose every other day. Linezolid demonstrated robust activity when administered daily against both acid-phase and NRP-phase organisms. We demonstrated a clear dose response, with 900 mg of linezolid daily generating ≥3 Log(CFU/ml) killing of acid-phase and NRP-phase
M. tuberculosis
over 29 days. Amplification of a population less susceptible to linezolid was not seen. Activity was reduced with every 48-h dosing, indicating that the minimum concentration (
C
min
)/MIC ratio drove the microbiological effect. We conclude that once-daily linezolid dosing has substantial activity against
M. tuberculosis
in acid-phase and NRP-phase metabolic states. Other studies have shown activity against Log-phase
M. tuberculosis
. Linezolid is a valuable addition to the therapeutic armamentarium for
M. tuberculosis
and has the potential for substantially shortening therapy duration.