bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EMSCs Build an All‐in‐One Niche via Cell–Cell Lipid Raft Assembly for Promoted Neuronal but Suppressed Astroglial Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells
Authors: Deng Wenwen , Shao Fengxia , He Qinghua , Wang Qiang , Shi Wentao , Yu Qingtong , Cao Xia , Feng Chunlai , Bi Shiqi , Chen Jiaxin , Ma Ping , Li Yang , Gong Aihua , Tong Shanshan , Yu Jiangnan , Spector Myron , Xu Ximing , Zhang Zhijian 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe therapeutic efficiency of allogenic/intrinsic neural stem cells (NSCs) after spinal cord injury is severely compromised because the hostile niche at the lesion site incurs massive astroglial but not neuronal differentiation of NSCs. Although many attempts are made to reconstruct a permissive niche for nerve regeneration, solely using a living cell material to build an all‐in‐one, multifunctional, permissive niche for promoting neuronal while inhibiting astroglial differentiation of NSCs is not reported. Here, ectomesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs) are reported to serve as a living, smart material that creates a permissive, all‐in‐one niche which provides neurotrophic factors, extracellular matrix molecules, cell–cell contact, and favorable substrate stiffness for directing NSC differentiation. Interestingly, in this all‐in‐one niche, a corresponding all‐in‐one signal‐sensing platform is assembled through recruiting various niche signaling molecules into lipid rafts for promoting neuronal differentiation of NSCs, and meanwhile, inhibiting astrocyte overproliferation through the connexin43/YAP/14‐3‐3θ pathway. In vivo studies confirm that EMSCs can promote intrinsic NSC neuronal differentiation and domesticating astrocyte behaviors for nerve regeneration. Collectively, this study represents an all‐in‐one niche created by a single‐cell material—EMSCs for directing NSC differentiation.
A Novel Multielement, Multiphase, and B‐Containing SiOx Composite as a Stable Anode Material for Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Wen , Liu Huan , Ren Zhuanghe , Jian Ni , Gao Mingxia , Wu Yongjun , Liu Yongfeng , Pan Hongge 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this study, a novel B‐containing SiOx composite is demonstrated with a remarkably improved cycling performance as a stable anode material for lithium‐ion batteries. A multielement, multiphase, B‐containing SiOx composite is successfully prepared by heating a mixture of SiO and LiBH4 to 500 °C. The resultant product consists mainly of amorphous/nanocrystalline Si, SiOx, B, B2O3, and Li2SiO3. The in situ formed amorphous B, B2O3, and nanocrystalline Li2SiO3 mostly remain at the surface of the product particles, providing a remarkable enhancement in the mechanical properties of the Si/SiOx active materials. This feature provides good accommodation for the volume change during lithiation/delithiation, consequently depressing the pulverization and fracture of the Si/SiOx active materials. As a result, the cycling stability of the prepared B‐containing SiOx composite is significantly improved. The sample prepared from SiO–0.3LiBH4 delivers reversible capacity of 1186 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1 after 100 deep cycles, corresponding to the capacity retention of 81%. This outcome is more than two times higher than that of pristine SiO (33.9%).
Does hybridPhragmites australisdiffer from native and introduced lineages in reproductive, genetic, and morphological traits?
Authors: Williams Jared , Lambert Adam M. , Long Randy , Saltonstall Kristin 
Published: January 2019

Premise of the StudyHybridization between previously isolated species or lineages can stimulate invasiveness because of increased genetic diversity and inherited traits facilitating competitive and reproductive potential. We evaluated differences in stand characteristics and sexual and vegetative reproduction among native, introduced, and hybridPhragmites australislineages in the southwestern United States. We also assessed the degree of hybridization among lineages and backcrossing of hybrids with parental lineages.MethodsGrowth and morphological characteristics were measured in native, introduced, and hybridPhragmitesstands to evaluate relative cover and dominance in associated plant communities. Panicles were collected from stands to evaluate germination, dormancy, and differences in seed traits. Seedlings from germination trials were genotyped to determine frequency of crossing and backcrossing among lineages.Key ResultsIntroduced and hybridPhragmitesstands had significantly greater stem and panicle densities than native stands and were more likely to be dominant members of their respective plant communities. Hybrid seed outputs were significantly greater, but hybrid seeds had lower germination rates than those from native and introduced lineages. We detected a novel hybridization event between native and introduced lineages, but found no strong evidence of hybrids backcrossing with parental lineages.ConclusionsHybridPhragmitesin the Southwest exhibits reproductive, genetic, and morphological characteristics from both parental lineages that facilitate dispersal, establishment, and aggressive growth, including high reproductive output, rhizome viability, and aboveground biomass, with smaller seeds and greater genetic diversity than its progenitors. Our results show hybrids can inherit traits that confer invasiveness and provide insight for managing this species complex and other cryptic species with native and introduced variants with potential for intraspecific hybridization.
Noncovalent Catalysis for Enantioselective Direct Aldol Reaction of 3‐Acetylcoumarins to Pyrazole‐4,5‐diones
Authors: Ray Bidisha , Singha Roy Soumya Jyoti , Mukherjee Santanu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe first catalytic enantioselective direct aldol reaction of 3‐acetylcoumarins to pyrazole‐4,5‐diones is reported and shown to proceed through noncovalent substrate activation by a quinine‐derived bifunctional tertiary amino‐amide as the catalyst. The densely functionalized products, consisting of an oxygen‐containing quaternary stereocenter and bearing two biologically relevant heterocycles, are generally obtained in high yields with moderate to excellent enantioselectivities.
The first genetically gene‐edited babies: It's “irresponsible and too early”
Authors: Ma Yuanwu , Zhang Lianfeng , Qin Chuan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA scientist, Jiankui He of Southern University of Science and Technology of China, recently claimed at the Second International Summit on Human Genome Editing in Hong Kong on 29 November that he has created the world's first genetically altered babies using CRISPR. This announcement sparked controversy and criticism. The newly developed CRISPR/Cas9 technique has been applied to genetic modification of many kinds of animals. However, the technique is still in its infancy and many questions remain to be answered before it can be used for clinical purposes, especially for reproductive purposes.
Theoretical Design of a Pump‐Free Ultrahigh Efficiency All‐Optical Switching Based on a Defect Ring Optical Waveguide Network
Authors: Wu Jiaye , Yang Xiangbo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA theoretical design of a defect ring optical waveguide network is proposed to construct a pump‐free ultrahigh efficiency all‐optical switch. This switch creates ultrastrong photonic localization and causes the nonlinear dielectric in the defect waveguide to intensely respond. At its ON state, this material defect without Kerr response helps to produce a pair of sharp pass bands in the transmission spectrum to form the dual channel of the all‐optical switch. When it is switched to its OFF state, the strong Kerr response induced refractive index change in the high nonlinear defect waveguide strongly alters the spectrum, leading to a collapse of the dual channels. Network equation and generalized eigenfunction method are used to numerically calculate the optical properties of the switch and obtain a threshold control energy of about 2.90 zJ, which is eight orders of magnitude lower than previously reported. The switching efficiency/transmission ratio exceeds 3× 1011, which is six orders of magnitude larger than previously reported. The state transition time is nearly 108 fs, which is approximately two orders of magnitude faster than the previously reported shortest time. Furthermore, the switch size can be much smaller than 2.6 µm and will be suitable for integration.
Complete and Nondestructive Atomic Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger‐State Analysis Assisted by Invariant‐Based Inverse Engineering
Authors: Zheng Ri‐Hua , Kang Yi‐Hao , Shi Zhi‐Cheng , Xia Yan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA protocol to realize complete and nondestructive atomic Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ)‐state analysis in cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) systems is presented. In this protocol, the three information‐carrier atoms and the three auxiliary atoms are trapped in six separated cavities, respectively. After ten‐step operations, the information for distinguishing the eight different GHZ states of the three information‐carrier atoms is encoded on the auxiliary atoms. Thus, by means of detecting the auxiliary atoms, complete and nondestructive GHZ‐state analysis with high success probability is realized. Moreover, the driving pluses of operations are designed as a simple superposition of Gaussian or trigonometric functions by using the invariant‐based inverse engineering. Therefore, the protocol can be realized experimentally and applied in some quantum information tasks based on complete GHZ‐state analysis with less physical entanglement resource.
Chemical Epigenetics: The Impact of Chemical and Chemical Biology Techniques on Bromodomain Target Validation
Authors: Schiedel Matthias , Moroglu Mustafa , Ascough David M. H. , Chamberlain Anna E. R. , Kamps Jos J. A. G. , Sekirnik Angelina R. , Conway Stuart J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractEpigenetics is currently the focus of intense research interest across a broad range of disciplines due to its importance in a multitude of biological processes and disease states. Epigenetic functions result partly from modification of the nucleobases in DNA and RNA, and/or post‐translational modifications of histone proteins. These modifications are dynamic, with cellular machinery identified to modulate and interpret the marks. Our focus is on bromodomains, which bind to acetylated lysine residues. Progress in the study of bromodomains, and the development of bromodomain ligands, has been rapid. These advances have been underpinned by many disciplines, but chemistry and chemical biology have undoubtedly played a significant role. Herein, we review the key chemistry and chemical biology approaches that have furthered our study of bromodomains, enabled the development of bromodomain ligands, and played a critical role in the validation of bromodomains as therapeutic targets.
Synthesis and Reactivity of an Early‐Transition‐Metal Alkynyl Cubane Mn4C4 Cluster
Authors: Chakraborty Uttam , Demeshko Serhiy , Meyer Franc , Jacobi von Wangelin Axel 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWhile the coordination chemistry of monometallic complexes and the surface properties of extended metal particles are well understood, the control of metal nanocluster formation has remained challenging. The isolation of discrete metal clusters provides an especially rare snapshot at the nanoscale of cluster growth. The synthesis and full characterization of the first early‐transition‐metal alkynyl cubane and the first μ3‐alkynyl Mn3 motif are reported.
The 3D failure process in polymeric syntactic foams with different cenosphere volume fractions
Authors: Huang Ruoxuan , Li Peifeng , Liu Tong , Xu Jiujun 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTThe previous work (Huang and Li, Compos. Part B, 2015) proposed the failure mechanism in syntactic foams with low and high hollow microsphere volume fractions, based on the finite element simulation of localized stresses in the foam. In this work,in situX‐ray microtomography of uniaxial compression tests was performed to provide the direct experimental evidence to the proposed mechanism by tracking the internal three‐dimensional failure process in epoxy syntactic foams with different cenosphere volume fractions (V). It was found that for both the low and highV, microcracks initiate in the matrix in the top and bottom of crushed cenospheres where the tensile stress concentrates, and then propagate longitudinally to become macrocracks. Increasing the cenosphere volume fraction also leads to the formation of matrix microcracks in the connection zone where the stress concentrates significantly; the matrix microcracks thus propagate diagonally and longitudinally in the highVfoam. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47491.
Application of expanded polystyrene (EPS) in buildings and constructions: A review
Authors: Ramli Sulong Nor Hafizah , Mustapa Siti Aisyah Syaerah , Abdul Rashid Muhammad Khairi 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTExpanded polystyrene (EPS) is one of the building material capable of enhancing the design and structural integrity of the building. Since its recognition as conventional insulating material in 1950s, EPS has been experiencing swift progress in other new implementations. Currently, EPS is utilized in many building structures owing to its sustainability benefit and improvement in terms of energy efficiency, durability, and indoor environmental quality. This article provides an overview on the application of EPS as aggregates in lightweight concrete, decorative tiles and molding, panel application (structural insulated panels (SIPs) and composite SIPs), and embankment backfilling. Also, this article attempts to describe the properties of EPS in terms of fire behavior, mechanical properties, chemical resistant, water and moisture absorption, and their toxicity to the human and environment. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47529.
The potential exceptional role of a small Baltic boulder reef as a solitary habitat in a sea of mud
Authors: Beisiegel Kolja , Tauber Franz , Gogina Mayya , Zettler Michael L. , Darr Alexander 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

In this study, non‐destructive seafloor imaging techniques were employed to assess the benthic community structure of a recently discovered boulder reef within the central Arkona Basin of the Baltic Sea.
Data indicate that geographical isolation, water column stratification and temporary oxygen deficiency create an exceptional reef habitat in a sea of mud.
The reef forms a saline refuge for the deepest and easternmost known population of the plumose sea anemones (Metridium dianthus Ellis, 1768) in the Baltic Sea.
Limited connectivity to other reefs and dominance of the aggressively colonizing and planktivorous M. dianthus hamper the recruitment of other species and lead to an overall low invertebrate richness.
Large boulders attract ecologically and economically important fish like Baltic cod (Gadus morhua Linnaeus, 1758) that find shelter in the otherwise heavily fished Arkona Basin.
Despite this very first exploration being only a snapshot of the observed community, findings imply a potential conservation importance of this Germany's deepest known natural habitat type 1170 (‘reefs’).
Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Accelerate Hearing Recovery via Regeneration or Maintenance of Cochlear Fibrocytes in Mouse Spiral Ligaments
Authors: Kada Shinpei , Hamaguchi Kiyomi , Ito Juichi , Omori Koichi , Nakagawa Takayuki 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTMammalian cochleae have limited capacity for regeneration, which is one of the major difficulties in the treatment of sensorineural hearing loss. In the current study, we examined the potential of bone marrow‐derived stromal cells (BMSCs) for functional restoration of mouse cochleae through regeneration or maintenance of cochlear fibrocytes in the spiral ligament (SL). We used a mouse model of degeneration of cochlear fibrocytes in the SL using local application of 3‐nitropropionic acid (3‐NP), in which disruption of the gap junction network in the SL resulted in the reduction of the endocochlear potential (EP). Mouse BMSCs were infused into the posterior semicircular canal 7 days after 3‐NP application. Transplanted BMSCs were frequently observed in the cochlear fluid space 4 weeks after transplantation, although a few transplants had migrated into the cochlear tissues including the SL. BMSC‐treated cochleae exhibited higher cell densities in the SL and greater EP levels than the control ones. Immunohistochemistry further demonstrated the restoration of functional proteins in the SL. Significant recovery in thresholds of auditory brainstem responses following BMSC transplantation was found only at 40 kHz in a mild degeneration model. Our cumulative findings indicated that BMSCs accelerated regeneration or maintenance of fibrocytes in damaged SLs, leading to partial functional restoration of the mouse cochleae. Anat Rec, 303:478–486, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Enhanced Thermocatalytic Activity of Porous Yellow ZnO Nanoflakes: Defect‐ and Morphology‐Induced Perspectives
Authors: Galani Sunil M. , Panda Asit Baran 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHerein, we report a simple and effective strategy for the synthesis of yellow ZnO (Y‐ZnO) nanostructures with abundant oxygen vacancies on a large scale, through the sulfidation of ZnO followed by calcination. The developed strategy allows retention of the overall morphology of Y‐ZnO compared with pristine ZnO and the extent of oxygen vacancies can be tuned. The influence of oxygen deficiencies, the extent of defect sites, and the morphology of ZnO on its solution‐phase thermocatalytic activity has been evaluated in the synthesis of 5‐substituted‐1H‐tetrazoles with different nitriles and sodium azide. A reasonable enhancement in the reaction rate was achieved by using Y‐ZnO nanoflakes (Y‐ZnO NFs) as a catalyst in place of pristine ZnO NFs. The reaction was complete within 6 h at 110 °C with Y‐ZnO NFs, whereas it took 14 h at 120 °C with pristine ZnO NFs. The catalyst is easy to recycle without a significant loss in catalytic activity.
Voltage Stimulated Anion Binding of Metalloporphyrin‐induced Crystalline 2D Nanoflakes
Authors: Mrinalini Madoori , Pathak Sushil Swaroop , Achary B. Shivaprasad , Panchakarla Leela S. , Prasanthkumar Seelam 
Published: January 2019

AbstractVoltage‐stimulated redox‐active materials have received significant attention in the field of organic electronics and sensor technology. Such stimuli‐responsive materials trigger the formation of crystalline nanostructures and facilitate the design of efficient smart devices hitherto unknown. Herein, we report that free‐base and metallo‐tetratolylporphyrin‐linked ferrocene derivatives (H2TTP‐Fc and ZnTTP‐Fc) undergo distinct proton/anion binding mechanism in CHCl3 during bulk electrolysis at applied voltage of 1.4 V to give [H4TTP‐Fc]+Cl− and H+[(Cl)ZnTTP‐Fc]− followed by nanospheres and crystalline 2D nanoflakes formation, confirmed by SEM and TEM images, by methanol vapor diffusion (MVD) approach. Moreover, X‐ray diffraction analysis suggest that protonated H2TTP‐Fc aggregates exhibit amorphous nature, whereas H+[(Cl)ZnTTP‐Fc]− depict crystalline nature from layer‐by‐layer arrangement of nanoflakes assisted by π–π stacking and ion‐dipole interactions.
The design and construction of cable‐stayed bridge over Bouregreg River, Morocco
Authors: Wang Yingliang , Gao Zongyu , Zonghui Chen Zonghui , Zhao Wenyi , Shi Jianhua , Liao Mujie 
Published: January 2019

AbstractEntwurf und Konstruktion einer Schrägseilbrücke über den Fluß Bouregreg in MarokkoDie Schrägseilbrücke Bourregreg befindet sich in Rabat‐Salé‐Kénitra, Marokko. Es ist Teil der neuen 41,5 km langen Autobahnumgehung Rabat rund um die Stadt Rabat und wird die Verkehrsstaus in Hay Riad, dem westlichen Vorort der Hauptstadt, verbessern. Diese Brücke hat eine Gesamtlänge von 951,66 m, von denen die Hauptbrücke eine Schrägseilbrücke mit einer Spannweite von 183 + 376 + 183 m und einer Gesamtbreite von 29,82 m ist. Der Hauptträger der Schrägseilbrücke besteht aus doppelten Spannbeton‐Randträgern, die mit Stahlquerträgern und Betonfertigteilen verbunden sind. Der Betonpylon besteht aus vier getrennten Kurvenbeinen, die auf der Spitze des Pylons einen traditionellen Spitzbogen bilden. Dieser Aufsatz beschreibt hauptsächlich die strukturellen Konstruktionsmerkmale und die Konstruktion der Schrägseilbrücke und hebt einige Neuerungen der Konstruktion hervor, wie die Verbindung zwischen Seil und Pylon, Stahlquerträger und Betonrandträger, die Betonierfolge von Hauptträger und Spannung von gebliebenen Kabeln.
Quasikontinuierliche faseroptische Dehnungsmessung zur Rissdetektion in Betonkonstruktionen
Authors: Fischer Oliver , Thoma Sebastian , Crepaz Simone 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDas Verfahren der faseroptischen Dehnungsmessung bietet neben vielversprechenden Perspektiven für die experimentelle Forschung auch umfangreiche neue Möglichkeiten für die systematische Überwachung (sog. Monitoring) von Ingenieurbauwerken. Für die praxistaugliche Anwendung ist eine robuste und dennoch ausreichend sensitive Konfiguration aus Messgerät und passivem Glasfaserkabel wünschenswert. In diesem Kontext wurden am Lehrstuhl für Massivbau der Technischen Universität München (TUM) insgesamt fünf verschiedene optische Messfasern bei verschiedenen Applikationsvarianten und unter Einsatz unterschiedlicher Messgeräte an einem Spannbetonbalken analysiert. Die faseroptische Sensorik, ergänzt durch konventionelle Messtechnik, war in der Lage, elastische Dehnungen, Mikrorisse, einsetzende Rissbildung und ‐entwicklung sowie auch auftretende Schubrisse sicher zu detektieren.
Aspirin suppresses NFκB1 expression and inactivates cAMP signaling pathway to treat atherosclerosis
Authors: Zhang Liping , Li Te , Miao Xiao , Ding Lijuan , Wang Shudong , Wang Yonggang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAspirin showed both favorable efficacy and safety in the treatment of atherosclerosis (AS). This study aimed to explore the effects of Aspirin on AS treatment. Differentially expressed mRNAs in AS were screened out and visualized by R project. The mRNA expression levels of NFκB1 and its targets were detected by qRT‐PCR. The protein expression levels of NFκB1, intercellular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM1) were detected by western blot analysis. Besides, CCK‐8 and flow cytometry assay were employed to evaluate the effects of Aspirin on cell proliferation rate and cell apoptotic rate respectively. Mouse model of AS was established for the verification of Aspirin‐mediated suppression of AS progression in vivo. NFκB1 and Anti‐Mullerian Hormone (AMH) were both over‐expressed in atherosclerotic femoral artery tissues compared with healthy femoral artery tissues. cAMP signaling pathway was activated in AS. Overexpression of NFκB1 largely increased cell proliferation rate of VSMCs, which was instead down‐regulated with suppression of NFκB1 in AS. By contrast, down‐regulation of NFκB1 greatly increased cell apoptotic rate of VSMCs, which was otherwise reversed with up‐regulation of NFκB1 in AS. It was proved that Aspirin increased cell apoptotic rate yet decreased cell proliferation rate of VSMCs to suppress AS progression by down‐regulating the expression of NFκB1 and its targets, which might well provide us with more therapeutic strategies for treatment of AS. © 2019 BioFactors, 45(3):343–354, 2019