bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oil/Water Pipe-Flow Dispersions: From Traditional Flow Loops to Real Industrial-Transport Conditions
Authors: Shmueli Andrea , Unander Tor Erling , Schümann Heiner 
Published: November 2018

Summary
In this paper we present a study on oil/water pipe-flow dispersions. There are two main objectives of this work: The first objective is to gain more knowledge on the behavior of oil/water dispersions in pipe flow; the second objective is to validate a new methodology to characterize dispersion properties at realistic industrial conditions. The characteristics of oil/water flows such as the development of the phase-fraction profiles, droplet-chord lengths, and pressure gradient were studied in a 0.069-m-diameter and 50-m-length horizontal pipe at the Multiphase Flow Laboratory of SINTEF in Norway. The fluid system consisted of a model oil (Exxsol® D80) with and without surfactants, and tap water. A comparison of the experiments with and without a mixing valve was performed. The experiments were conducted at different superficial liquid velocities (Usl) and five different water-cut (WC) values (with WC defined as the ratio of the water superficial velocity to the liquid superficial velocity).
In addition, experiments on a wheel-shaped flow loop were conducted at selected conditions. The wheel mimics realistic pipe-flow conditions for the oil/water dispersions. This methodology allows us to identify flow-developing time scales and long-term behavior, which cannot be studied in a shorter test section. Furthermore, it is possible to have an indication of the viscosity increment when dispersions form.
The results from the pipe-flow experiments show that the effective viscosity of the mixed flow increases by the dispersion formation promoted by the valve. As a result, the pressure gradient in the downstream pipe increases dramatically compared with the same conditions without premixing. For the studied cases, the surfactant concentration did not have any significant effect on the pressure drop in the pipe. However, differences in the phase-fraction profiles were observed, especially with respect to flow development along the pipe. A possible explanation is that the effective viscosity of the created dispersion is not high enough to produce an increase in the pressure drop. Flow development along the pipeline (oil/water separation) is observed only for selected cases without surfactant. For the rest of the experiments, especially with surfactant, the test section was not long enough to observe flow development. With the wheel, it is simple and fast to study both the formation and the stability of dispersions with real fluids at realistic conditions. There are indications that the energy-dissipation rate could be used as a scaling parameter between pipe-flow experiments and the wheel experiments. Wheel experiments can be used cost-efficiently to investigate dispersion characteristics and long-term flow development, which cannot be observed in traditional pipe-flow loops because of their restrictions.
The Feasibility for Potassium-Based Phosphate Brines To Serve as High-Density Solid-Free Well-Completion Fluids in High-Temperature/High-Pressure Formations
Authors: Jia Hu , Hu Yao–Xi , Zhao Shan–Jie , Zhao Jin–Zhou 
Published: November 2018

Summary
Many oil and gas resources in deep–sea environments worldwide are often located in high–temperature/high–pressure (HT/HP) and low–permeability reservoirs. The reservoir–pressure coefficient usually exceeds 1.6, with formation temperature greater than 180°C. Challenges are faced for well drilling and completion in these HT/HP reservoirs. A solid–free well–completion fluid with safety density greater than 1.8 g/cm3 and excellent thermal endurance is strongly needed in the industry. Because of high cost and/or corrosion and toxicity problems, the application of available solid–free well–completion fluids such as cesium formate brines, bromine brines, and zinc brines is limited in some cases. In this paper, novel potassium–based phosphate well–completion fluids were developed. Results show that the fluid can reach the maximum density of 1.815 g/cm3 at room temperature, which makes a breakthrough on the density limit of normal potassium–based phosphate brine. The corrosion rate of N80 steel after the interaction with the target phosphate brine at a high temperature of 180°C is approximately 0.1853 mm/a, and the regained–permeability recovery of the treated sand core can reach up to 86.51%. Scanning–electron–microscope (SEM) pictures also support the corrosion–evaluation results. The phosphate brine shows favorable compatibility with the formation water. The biological toxicity–determination result reveals that it is only slightly toxic and is environmentally acceptable. In addition, phosphate brine is highly effective in inhibiting the performance of clay minerals. The cost of phosphate brine is approximately 44 to 66% less than that of conventional cesium formate, bromine brine, and zinc brine. This study suggests that the phosphate brine can serve as an alternative high–density solid–free well–completion fluid during well drilling and completion in HT/HP reservoirs.
Improving Salt Tolerance in Safflower Plants through Exogenous Application of Penconazole
Authors: Shaki Fatemeh , Maboud Hasan Ebrahimzadeh , Niknam Vahid 
Published: November 2018

Core Ideas
Penconazole decreases the negative effects of salinity in safflower.
Penconazole helps safflower to cope with salinity by the regulation of compatible solutes.
Penconazole increases the expression of key genes responsible in defense system.
Penconazole increases the activity of enzymatic and non‐enzymatic antioxidants.
It has been shown that penconazole (PEN) acts as an endogenous signal molecule responsible for inducing stress tolerance in plants. The effect of PEN (15 mg L−1) and sodium chloride (0, 100, and 200 mM NaCl) on some biochemical and molecular responses of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) were studied. Results revealed that K+ and Ca2+ contents, and some growth parameters decreased under salinity however, Na+ content, compatible solutes, H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, phenolic compounds, phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL) gene expression, and antioxidant enzyme activities increased. The exogenous PEN had a positive effect on K+ and Ca2+ contents, growth parameters, compatible solutes, antioxidant enzyme activities, and H2O2 content, but decreased Na+ and MDA contents. In addition, quantitative real‐time (qRT)‐polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis showed that exogenous PEN induced expression of PAL gene in both untreated and salt‐treated plants. Our data indicate that PEN helps safflower plants to better cope with salt stress. The results provide new insights to mechanisms that help regulate salinity resistance in safflower. Penconazole may be considered as a foliar application to ameliorate salinity effects, due to its low price and availability.
Nitrogen and Phosphorus Phytoextraction by Cattail (Typha spp.) during Wetland‐based Phytoremediation of an End‐of‐Life Municipal Lagoon
Authors: Jeke Nicholson N. , Zvomuya Francis , Cicek Nazim , Ross Lisette , Badiou Pascal 
Published: November 2018

Spreading biosolids on farmland can be an effective and beneficial option for managing end‐of‐life municipal lagoons. Where the spreading of biosolids on farmland is restricted or unavailable, in situ phytoremediation could be a sustainable alternative. This study examined nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) phytoextraction by cattail (Typha spp.) from biosolids in a wetland constructed within a lagoon cell previously used for primary treatment of municipal wastewater. The effect of harvesting season as well as harvest frequency on N and P removal were evaluated. Forty‐eight 4‐m2 plots within the constructed wetland were used to determine the effect of cattail harvest frequency on plant N and P phytoextraction. Harvesting twice per season resulted in a 50 to 60% decrease in phytoextraction of N and P relative to a single harvest per season, which produced biomass yields of 0.58 to 0.6 kg m−2 per year and accumulated 36.7 g N m−2 and 5.6 g P m−2 over the 4‐yr period. Compared with August, harvesting cattails in November or April reduced N and P phytoextraction by 63 to 85%. These results demonstrate that phytoextraction of nutrients is more effective with a single harvest compared with two harvests per season. Additionally, we found that while harvesting in November and April is appealing logistically (since the wetland is frozen and provides easier access to harvest equipment), nutrient removal rates are significantly reduced.Core Ideas
Constructed wetlands can remove N and P from end‐of‐life municipal lagoons.
Nutrient phytoextraction by cattail is more effective with one than two harvests per season.
Phytoextraction is optimized when cattail is harvested in August.
Transport of Potential Manure Hormone and Pharmaceutical Contaminants through Intact Soil Columns
Authors: Hill Danika N. , Popova Inna E. , Hammel John E. , Morra Matthew J. 
Published: November 2018

Although adding manure to agricultural soils is a commonly practiced disposal method and a means to enhance soil productivity, potential environmental contamination by any associated chemicals of emerging concern (CECs) such as hormones and pharmaceuticals is not well understood. Our objective was to provide field‐relevant predictions of soil transport and attenuation of 19 potential manure CECs using undisturbed soil columns irrigated under unsaturated conditions. The CEC concentrations in leached water were monitored for 13 wk using high performance liquid chromatography–time of flight–mass spectrometry (HPLC‐TOF‐MS), after which time soil in the cores was removed and sampled for extractable CECs. Compounds quantified in column leachate included all four of the added sulfonamide antibiotics and the nonsteroidal, anti‐inflammatory drug flunixin. Only trace amounts of several of the seven hormones, five remaining antibiotics, and two antimicrobials leached from the columns from exogenous soil additions. Soil residues of all 19 compounds were detected, with highest extractable amounts for 17α‐hydroxyprogesterone > triclosan (antimicrobial) > flunixin > oxytetracycline. Those CECs with the highest recoveries as calculated by summing leached and extractable amounts were flunixin (14.5%), 17α‐hydroxyprogesterone (5.3%), triclosan (4.6%), and sulfadimethoxine (4.8%). Manure management to prevent CEC contamination should consider the potential environmental problems caused by negatively charged compounds with the greatest mobility (flunixin and sulfadimethoxine) and those that have long residence times in soil (triclosan, 17α‐hydroxyprogesterone, flunixin, and oxytetracycline). Flunixin is particularly important given its mobility and long residence time in soil.Core Ideas
Four sulfonamide antibiotics and the drug flunixin leached through soil columns.
Trace amounts of nonsulfonamide antibiotics were detected in column leachate.
Soil extracts contained 17α‐hydroxyprogesterone > triclosan > flunixin > oxytetracycline.
The highest recoveries were observed for flunixin and 17α‐hydroxyprogesterone.
Formulation and Characterization of a Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SEDDS) of Curcumin for the Topical Application in Cutaneous and Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: Khan Momin , Nadhman Akhtar , Sehgal Sheikh Arslan , Siraj Sami , Yasinzai Muhammad Masoom 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Leishmaniasis, which is classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as
one of the Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) faces several challenges in terms of successful chemotherapy
and novel drug developments.

Objective:
The aim of the present study was to develop a Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System
(SEDDS) for the hydrophobic polyphenol pigment curcumin to enable it for its potential use in cutaneous
and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis.

Methods:
Two Curcumin-loaded formulations SNEDD-A and B, were developed. Both were characterized
by the droplet size, PDI and zeta potential and evaluated for the cytotoxicity on Caco-2 cell lines
and through hemolysis test on red blood cells. The spreading potential of the formulations was checked
over buccal mucosa and damaged skin model. Antileishmanial activities were performed against promastigote,
axenic amastigote and macrophage harbored amastigotes of Leishmania tropica parasite.

Results:
SNEDDS-A and B had minor differences in physical characteristics. In the toxicological assay,
the viability of the Caco-2 cells was 87.5 % for SNEDDS-A and 88.9% for SNEDDS-B while both
caused 1-2% hemolysis. Both had remarkable spreading potential, covering 8cm2 of buccal mucosa and
damaged the skin for less than 45 minutes. The Antileishmanial activities of the SNEDDS-A in terms of
IC50 were 0.13 µg/ml and 0.25 µg/ml against promastigote and amastigote, respectively while IC50 values
of SNEDDS-B were 0.18 µg/ml and 0.27 µg/ml against promastigote and amastigote, respectively.
Both the formulations killed 100% of the macrophage harbored Leishmania tropica parasites at a concentration
of 4.4 µg/ml.

Conclusion:
Our results demonstrate that both the SEDDS formulations of curcumin have the potential
to provide a promising tool for curcumin for its use through topical routes in the treatment of cutaneous
and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis.
Trends and Spatial Patterns of Suicide Among Adolescent in Ecuador, 1997-2016
Authors: Núñez-González Solange , Lara-Vinueza A. Gabriela , Gault Christopher , Delgado-Ron J. Andrés 
Published: November 2018

Background:Suicide is a global public health problem, ranking among the top 20 leading causes of mortality.Objective:The aim of the present study is two-fold. Firstly, it describes the temporal trends of suicide in adolescents from 1997 to 2016 in Ecuador, allowing us to identify critical periods. Secondly, it analyzes the spatiotemporal clusters of high mortality rates and the spatial distribution due to suicide in the country, from 2011 to 2016.Methods:This is an ecological study; we included all death certificates of suicide among adolescents in the 10 - 19 age groups both sex, from the National Institute of Statistics and Census (INEC) database in Ecuador from 1997 to 2016. In order to assess the trend of suicide rates, we obtained Annual Percentage Changes (APCs) and average Annual Percent Changes (AAPCs) through Joinpoint regression analysis. Space-time scan statistics were used to identify high-risk clusters, and the spatial autocorrelation was evaluated through global Moran index.Results:Suicides at a national level increased from 165 deaths in 1997 to 286 deaths in 2016; rates increased from 12.7 to 23.3 per 100,000 population along with a significant increase of the trend at the national level (AAPC=3.7%; 95% CI: 2.1 to 5.2). We identified two significant spatial clusters for a high occurrence of suicide: the primary most likely cluster included 83 cantons (Risk Relative=2.28) while the second most likely cluster included 20 cantons (Risk Relative=1.74). The Global Moran I index for the study period showed a positive spatial autocorrelation (0.27; p = 0.001).Conclusion:Suicide rates in adolescents significantly increased over the 20-year study period; the spatial analysis indicates the presence of high occurrence clusters in the Amazon and Southern Highlands regions of the country. This growing phenomenon may be a reflection of the lack of policies and strategies focused on the adolescent’s mental health at a national level, added to factors such as family dysfunction, school failure, vulnerable ethnic groups, and immigration patterns.
Sofrimento psíquico em bancários brasileiros: uma revisão sistemática da literatura
Authors: De Carvalho Cínthia Aline , Spiendler Rodriguez Sandra Yvonne 
Published: November 2018

Este artigo objetiva apresentar os resultados de uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre o sofrimento psíquico de bancários brasileiros que foi realizada por meio da consulta as bases de dados: SciELOBrasil, LILACS e PePSIC. Foram considerados os seguintes critérios de inclusão: (a) artigos publicados no período de 2004 a 2014; (b) artigos publicados em língua portuguesa; (c) estudos empíricos; (d) artigos com o objetivo de avaliar o sofrimento psíquico de bancários brasileiros. A busca foi realizada no mês de Março de 2014 e incluiu artigos publicados no período de 2004 a 2014. Foram selecionados 7 estudos cujos resultados apontam a necessidades de estudos de método quantitativo ou misto e delineamento longitudinal. Apontam também a carência de estudos que enfoquem características de personalidade e as defesas psíquicas utilizadas e de conhecimento do perfil sócio demográfico e laboral dos bancários.
“Procura-se Meteorango Kid vivo ou morto”: um mapa da resistência contracultural
Authors: Dias Rafael Mendonça 
Published: November 2018

O artigo traça com o filme Meteorango Kid, o herói intergalático uma cartografia, na qual a “curtição” indica estratégias de resistência contracultural no contexto do AI-5, auge da repressão da ditadura civil-militar. Na tela a experimentação do cinema marginal cria uma política minoritária atravessada pela invenção estética que rompe com representação e o cerco da subjetividade edipiana. No filme de André Luiz Oliveira irrompe na tela a angústia de uma juventude “sem futuro” e tal como o Bandido da Luz Vermelha “avacalha e se esculhamba”. Meteorango Kid profana a sagrada família baiana. Com Meteorango o tema da curtição ganha contornos políticos e narrativos gerando aproximações com a Tropicália. O artigo também procura acompanhar os efeitos desse filme no presente, abrindo novos sentidos para aquela experiência.
Figuras que irrompem no desacordo: proposições através d’A Mosca e Holy Motors
Authors: Rezende Isabel Veiga 
Published: November 2018

O presente trabalho propõe uma análise detalhada de duas sequências dos filmes A Mosca(David Cronenberg, 1986) e Holy Motors (Leos Carax, 2016). Buscamos mostrar como ambas as passagens concentram e explicitam o desacordo entre corpo e pessoa/sujeito, inventando uma nova lógica figurativa para os protagonistas. No primeiro caso, um cientista que se transforma em inseto gigante, e no segundo um ator que se confunde com seus personagens. Nos alimentamos de uma questão cara ao cinema moderno, a saber, a insubordinação a tudo que limita o Homem a um ser biológico, comunicativo e racional. Afastando-se dos modelos naturalistas, o cinema (e as outras artes) pode então contrariar sua suposta vocação realista e experimentar o enlouquecimento das formas fílmicas, em que as forças de deformação e metamorfose agem substancialmente sobre as forças de conservação e contenção.
Práxis reflexiva comunicacional e configurações sociais transformadoras
Authors: Torre Alberto Efendy Maldonado Gómez de la 
Published: November 2018

A conjuntura histórica situa-nos numa encruzilhada de crise e de passagem singulares. Assistimos ao começo do fim de outro império, o mais poderoso e destruidor da história da humanidade: o imperialismo norte-americano estadunidense. Nele concentram-se fatores paradigmáticos do desenvolvimento tecnológico e científico, das configurações de poder global, das construções de fortalezas de conhecimento, dos sistemas midiáticos, dos complexos militares industriais, da confluência de culturas, das exclusões sistêmicas e de variadas retóricas mundiais. Este texto reflete sobre a necessidade da construção de movimentos sociais intelectuais de transformação e enfatiza a respeito do valor estratégico da construção de comunidades científicas na América Latina vinculadas aos projetos de construção de um mundo pós-capitalista.
Kubrick com Foucault ou O Desvio do Panoptismo
Authors: Capeller Ivan 
Published: November 2018

O panoptismo - um conceito fundamental para a compreensão da formação e do funcionamento das sociedades disciplinares ocidentais a partir dos séculos XVII-XVIII - apareceu em meados dos anos 70 nas análises empreendidas por Michel Foucault, em Vigiar e Punir, de um dispositivo carcerário setecentista então pouco estudado - o panopticum de Jeremy Bentham. Este artigo procede a uma releitura da teoria foucaultiana do panoptismo em que a crítica do dispositivo panóptico é retomada a partir do filme A Laranja Mecânica de Stanley Kubrick, enfatizando metodologicamente a relevância da ficção-científica, como um gênero, na elaboração teórica das passagens e processos de transição que podemos observar entre as já conhecidas e estudadas formas disciplinares de sociedade e uma possível, ou suposta, sociedade porvir do controle.
Internet, utopía y panóptico de la Sociedad de la Información
Authors: Islas Octavio , Gutiérrez Fernando 
Published: November 2018

El término "Sociedad de la Información" ha sido incorporado en los años recientes al discurso político, académico y mediático. De acuerdo con el informe La Sociedad de la Información en España, 2002, documento elaborado por expertos de la empresa Telefónica de España, la Sociedad de la Información: "en realidad se trata todavía de un terreno poco firme, con nuevos conceptos que no están suficientemente asentados, con la carencia de un modelo plenamente definido en el espacio político, y con descripciones y análisis globales que en ocasiones resultan contradictorios".
O jornalismo e a construção do verdadeiro no campo econômico: uma análise à luz das reflexões bakhtiana e foucaultiana sobre discursos
Authors: Lene Hérica 
Published: November 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é articular a construção do verdadeiro no campo econômico e os discursos produzidos pelo jornalismo sobre esta área. A questão que nos instiga é: como as notícias ajudam a construir uma “realidade” sobre o campo econômico? Partimos da premissa de que o noticiário de economia se pauta, principalmente, pelos prognósticos e não apenas pelos relatos de acontecimentos do presente. Com isso, muitas vezes, antecipam situações e provocam mudanças no mercado. O corpus de análise é constituído de edições dos dois principais jornais do país – O Globo e Folha de S. Paulo – de julho de 1994, mês de lançamento do Plano Real. Partindo das reflexões sobre a questão da comunicação e do discurso de Mikhail Bakhtin e de Michel Foucault, e de outros aportes teóricos, são analisados alguns aspectos da cobertura jornalística de economia.
Arquitetura da espectação: A construção histórica da Situação Cinema nos espaços de exibição cinematográfica
Authors: Menotti Gabriel 
Published: November 2018

Adotando a perspectiva do “futuro historiador da imagem emmovimento” (Manovich), esse artigo busca demonstrar como a “situação cinema”,regime de consciência relacionado por Hugo Mauerhofer à fruição ideal do filme, não é intrínseca aos espaços de projeção, mas foi construída historicamente em resposta a certas determinações econômicas da grande indústria cinematográfica. Para tanto, consideraremos as condições de espectação nos espaços de projeção desde o chamado “primeiro cinema”, passando pela era dos nickelodeons e dos movie palaces, até a década de 50, quando a televisão criou parâmetros completamente novos para o consumo do filme.