bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of tuberculosis among HIV-positive adults on antiretroviral therapy at Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Temesgen Belisty , Kibret Getiye Dejenu , Alamirew Nakachew Mekonnen , Alebel Animut 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among people living with human immunodeficiency virus. Almost one-third of deaths among people living with human immunodeficiency virus are attributed to tuberculosis. Despite this fact, in Ethiopia, particularly in our study area there is a scarcity of information regarding the incidence and predictors of TB among peoples living with HIV. Thus, this study aimed to assess the incidence and predictors of tuberculosis among HIV positive adults.
Methods: An institution based retrospective cohort study was conducted among 544 HIV-positive adults on ART at Debre Markos Referral Hospital from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2017. The study participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique. The data extraction format was adapted from ART intake and follow-up forms. Data were entered using Epi-Data version 4.2 and analyzed using STATA Version 13. Tuberculosis free survival time was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier survival curve. Both the bi-variable and multivariable Cox-proportional hazard regression models were used to identify predictors of the time to develop TB.
Results: Among 492 HIV-positive adults included in the final analysis, 16.9% of them developed TB at the time of follow up. The incidence rate of TB was found to be 6.5 (95%CI: 5.2, 8.0) per 100-person years. Advanced WHO clinical disease stage (III and IV) (AHR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.2, 3.2), being ambulatory and bedridden (AHR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1, 3.1), baseline opportunistic infections (AHR: 2.8, 95% CI: 1.7, 4.4), low hemoglobin level (AHR: 3.5, 95% CI: 2.1, 5.8), and not taking IPT (AHR: 3.9, 95% CI: 1.9, 7.6) were found to be predictors of the time to develop TB.
Conclusion: In this study, a high incidence rate of TB was observed among HIV-positive adults. Advanced HIV disease stage (III and IV), being ambulatory and bedridden, having opportunistic infections, having a low hemoglobin level, and not taking IPT were found to be predictors of the time to develop TB.
Keywords: HIV, Incidence, Predictors, TB
Transcriptome analysis implicates involvement of long noncoding RNAs in cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration in cotton
Authors: Zhang Bingbing , Zhang Xuexian , Zhang Meng , Guo Liping , Qi Tingxiang , Wang Hailin , Tang Huini , Qiao Xiuqin , Shahzad Kashif , Xing Chaozhu , Wu Jianyong 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

Hybrid cotton has greatly contributed to global increase in cotton productivity. The cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS)/restorer-of-fertility system is an important tool to exploit heterosis because it is convenient for commercial hybrid seed production. The importance of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in plant development is recognized, few analyses of lncRNAs during anther development of three-line hybrid cotton (CMS-D2 line A, maintainer line B, restorer-of-fertility line R) have been reported.

Results

Here, we performed transcriptome sequencing during anther development in Upland cotton carrying cytoplasmic male sterile Gossypium harknessii (D2) cytoplasm. Totally 80,695 lncRNAs were identified, in which 43,347 and 44,739 lncRNAs were differentially expressed in A–B and A–R comparisons, respectively. These lncRNAs represent functional candidates involved in CMS and fertility restoration. Gene ontology enrichment analysis indicated that cellular hormone metabolic processes and oxidation–reduction reaction processes might be involved in CMS, and cellular component morphogenesis and small molecular biosynthetic processes might participate in fertility restoration. Analysis of the putative relationship between lncRNAs and miRNAs revealed that 63 lncRNAs were identified as putative precursors of 35 miRNAs, and qRT-PCR analysis showed a similar expression pattern to that of RNA-sequencing data. Furthermore, construction of lncRNA regulatory networks indicated that several miRNA–lncRNA–mRNA networks might be involved in CMS and fertility restoration.

Conclusion

Our findings provide systematic identification of lncRNAs during anther development and lays a solid foundation for future investigation of the regulatory molecular mechanisms and utilization in ­­breeding of hybrid cotton.
Comparative profiling of microRNA expression in the developing seeds of high- and low-oil tea oil camellia (Camellia oleifera) cultivars
Authors: Wu Bo , Ruan Chengjiang , Zhang Wanchen , Shah Asad Hussain , Liu Sihei 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

Tea oil camellia (Camellia oleifera), an important woody oil tree, is a source of seed oil of high nutritional and medicinal values and has been widely planted in southern China. However, there are few reports on the identification of miRNAs involved in seed lipid metabolism in high- and low-oil cultivars of tea oil camellia.

Results
An miRNA sequencing database was constructed for an Illumina platform, which was used to perform high-throughput small RNA sequencing of seeds of high- and low-oil cultivars of tea oil camellia at four different developmental stages, and the important relevant miRNAs and their target genes were identified. A total of 196 miRNAs, including 156 known miRNAs from 35 families and 40 novel miRNAs, were identified, and 55 significantly differentially expressed miRNAs were found. An integrated analysis of miRNA and mRNA transcriptome sequence data and qRT-PCR-based information was performed and revealed that 10 miRNA-mRNA function modules were related to lipid metabolism and 23 miRNA-mRNA function modules were involved in the regulation of seed size.

Conclusion
Mining and studying the expression patterns and functions of miRNAs and their regulatory target genes can not only promote the development of miRNAs related to tea oil camellia in public resource databases but also provide important theoretical value and a scientific basis for the genetic improvement of new varieties of tea oil camellia in the future.
Oral Health Related Quality of Life during Pregnancy and Postpartum: A systematic review
Authors: Fakheran Omid , Saied-Moallemi Zahra , Khademi Abbasali 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
BACKGROUND

The impact of diseases on psychosocial well-being or the normal function of a person has been commonly defined as health-related quality of life .High prevalence of Dental and periodontal problems during gestation period may have a negative effect on oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in pregnant and postpartum women.

OBJECTIVE

This systematic review aims to perform a quality assessment and to give a critical overview of the current research available on OHRQoL in pregnant and post-partum women.

STUDY DESIGN

A systematic search strategy was applied in PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, Google Scholar and Scopus from inception until December 2018. For this systemic review all original and peer-reviewed human studies which investigated OHRQoL of women during pregnancy or post- partum period were searched. Studies were screened on title and consecutively on abstract for relevance by 2 independent investigators. Methodological quality was assessed using modified items recommended by the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale for observational studies.

RESULTS

In all, 8 studies regarding the assessment of OHRQoL in pregnant woman were included. All of the included studies had cross-sectional design. Meta-analysis was not possible due to heterogeneity on key aspects among the included studies. Thus, the data from the studies were evaluated qualitatively. The overall risk of bias of the included studies was low.

CONCLUSION

The main conclusion of this review is that the presence of signs and symptoms of dental and gingival disease negatively affects the self-perception of OHRQoL in pregnant women. The most affected domains of OHRQoL in pregnant women were related to mental and psychological discomfort followed by physical and functional problems. Considering that the available evidence is limited to cross-sectional design, longitudinal studies are needed to investigate the impacts of oral health status during pregnancy.
Co-producing childbirth knowledge: A qualitative study of birth stories in antenatal sessions
Authors: de Quattro Leah 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

Birth stories surround pregnant women. Existing research on childbirth knowledge suggests that personal accounts from family and friends play a foundational role upon which other information builds. However, among the handful of studies that specifically address the educational role of birth stories, stories appeared to have little impact on knowledge creation. This paper engages with this discussion by focusing on the work of birth stories told within the context of antenatal sessions. Findings draw from the pilot study of a project which seeks to understand how participants use collective approaches to co-produce birth knowledge.

Method

Research data drew from participant observation of group-led Homebirth sessions (25 participants) and teacher-led National Childbirth Trust classes (18 participants). The researcher analysed transcripts using template analysis, a form of thematic content analysis, with principles from feminist ethnography and narrative analysis.

Results

Storytelling proved central to mother-to-mother antenatal group practices, providing not only information, but also a means for understanding. This educational work took place through various mechanisms: Stories (re)shaped expectations, shared practical techniques, navigated different truth claims and approaches to knowledge, and helped build supportive communities of parents. These findings emerged more prominently in group-led sessions compared to teacher-led sessions.

Conclusion

Compared to teacher-led norms, storytelling and other collective approaches to antenatal education provide additional resources to childbearing women. As dialogic, complex and flexible learning tools, stories offer uniquely diverse, credible and supportive messages. The next phase of this project will further investigate these findings, explore informal collective practices, and seek to evaluate the impact of collective knowledge on childbirth experiences.
Methodology for sampling women at high maternal risk in administrative data
Authors: Vanderlaan Jennifer , Dunlop Anne , Rochat Roger , Williams Bryan , Shapiro Susan E. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

In population level studies, the conventional practice of categorizing women into low and high maternal risk samples relies upon ascertaining the presence of various comorbid conditions in administrative data. Two problems with the conventional method include variability in the recommended comorbidities to consider and inability to distinguish between maternal and fetal risks. High maternal risk sample selection may be improved by using the Obstetric Comorbidity Index (OCI), a system of risk scoring based on weighting comorbidities associated with maternal end organ damage. The purpose of this study was to compare the net benefit of using OCI risk scoring vs the conventional risk identification method to identify a sample of women at high maternal risk in administrative data.

Methods

This was a net benefit analysis using linked delivery hospitalization discharge and vital records data for women experiencing singleton births in Georgia from 2008-2012. We compared the value identifying a sample of women at high maternal risk using the OCI score to the conventional method of dichotomous identification of any comorbidities. Value was measured by the ability to select a sample of women designated as high maternal risk who experienced severe maternal morbidity or mortality.

Results

The high maternal risk sample created with the OCI had a small but positive net benefit (+ 0.6), while the conventionally derived sample had a negative net benefit indicating the sample selection performed worse than identifying no woman as high maternal risk.

Conclusions

The OCI can be used to select women at high maternal risk in administrative data. The OCI provides a consistent method of identification for women at risk of maternal morbidity and mortality and avoids confounding all obstetric risk factors with specific maternal risk factors. Using the OCI may help reduce misclassification as high maternal risk and improve the consistency in identifying women at high maternal risk in administrative data.
Thailand Medical Mobile Application for Patients Triage Base on Criteria Based Dispatch Protocol
Authors: Sutham Krongkarn , Khuwuthyakorn Pattaraporn , Jengserbsan Nantanan , Thinnukool Orawit 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: Pre-hospital process is important criteria which helps patients in term of treatment performance before admitting to Emergency Department (ED) or requesting from an emergency unit. The existing system to triage patients in Thailand is not practically functioning in the primary medical or pre-hospital treatment in term of speeding, feature, or appropriate system. There is a high possibility for misrepresenting false Initial Dispatch Code (IDC), which causes the requirement of over or under emergency resources, such as rescuers and teams, community hospitals and emergency medical volunteers.
Methods: In the development, usability system design has been applied to gather with system reliability test, to support the pre-hospital processes especially to sort patients by using IDC for requesting emergency resources. The development of triage mobile application has been conducted on both iOS and Android operating systems for supporting triage patient habits based on the CBD protocol. The 25 main symptom categories covered by CBD were used to design and develop the application, and 12 emergency medical staffs including doctors and nurses are subjected to test the system in the following aspects: triage protocol correction, triage reliability, usability and users’ practical satisfaction.
Results: The development result shows the comparison between the proposed triage application and staff experience. Triage reliability test implies that the time used to triage by experienced staffs, in many cases, is slower than using the application. For the usability test, the result shows that the application functions are more effective in terms of the increment of emergency operations and correction of IDC code represented.
Conclusions: The triage application will be utilized to support the pre-hospital process and to classify patient habits before admitting patients to ED. The application can be suitable for user who are not medical emergency staff. Patients with non-trauma symptoms may be a suitable group to use the application in term of time used to identify IDC for their own symptoms. In term of using the application, it can possibly provide benefits to general people who want to self-identify their symptoms before requesting medical services.
Escherichia Coli O157:H7: Distribution, molecular characterization, antimicrobial resistance patterns and source of contamination of sheep and goat carcasses at an export Abattoir, Mojdo, Ethiopia
Authors: Abreham Solomon , Teklu Akafete , Cox Eric , Tessema Tesfaye Sisay 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: Cattle have been identified as a major reservoir of E. coli O157:H7 for human infection; the ecology of the organism in sheep and goats is less understood. This study was carried out to determine prevalence, source of infection, antibiotic resistance and molecular characterization of Escherichia coli O157: H7 isolated from sheep and goat.
Methods: Systematic random sampling was carried out at Modjo export abattoir, Ethiopia, from November 2012 to April 2013 to collect 408 samples from 72 sheep and 32 goats. Samples collected were skin swabs, fecal samples, intestinal mucosal swabs and the inside and outside part of carcasses as well as carcass in contacts such as workers hands, knife, hook and carcass washing water. Then, samples were processed following standard bacteriological procedures. Non-Sorbitol fermenting colonies were tested on latex agglutination test and the positives are subjected to PCR for detection of attaching and effacing genes (eae) and shiga toxin producing genes (stx 1 and stx 2). All E. coli O157:H7 isolates were checked for their susceptibility pattern towards 15 selected antibiotics.
Results: E. coli O157:H7 were detected in only 20/408 samples (4.9%). Among these 20 positive samples, 70% (14/20), 25% (5/20) and 5% (1/20) were from sheep, goats and knife samples, respectively. No significant associations were found between carcasses and the assumed sources of contaminations. Of all the 20 isolates virulent genes were found in 10 (50%) of them; 3 (15%) with only the eaeA gene and 7(35%) expressing eaeA and stx 2 genes. All the isolates were susceptible to Norfloxacin (NOR) (100%).
Conclusions: The presence of virulent genes shows E. coli O157:H7 is a potential source of human infection in Ethiopia.
ANÃLISE COMPARATIVA DO REGIME ORDINÃRIO LUCRO PRESUMIDO PARA O PROJETO DE LEI COMPLEMENTAR (PLP) 125/2015 DO SIMPLES NACIONAL
Authors: Leite Alex Santiago , Lang Agnes Cristina Wiedemann , Costa MÃ´nica Oliveira 
Published: July 2019

O Simples Nacional regido pela Lei Complementar nÂº 123, de 14 de dezembro de 2006, juntamente com suas alteraÃ§Ãµes, trouxe a promessa de um regime Ãºnico diferenciado e favorecido a ser dispensado Ã s microempresas e empresas de pequeno porte, principalmente no que se refere Ã apuraÃ§Ã£o e arrecadaÃ§Ã£o de tributos. Com a criaÃ§Ã£o do projeto de Lei Complementar nÂº 125 de 2015, que pretende alterar a LC nÂº 123/06, novos limites de enquadramentos e um sistema progressivo de alÃ­quotas e deduÃ§Ãµes, abrangendo mais empresas com esse benefÃ­cio. Assim, o presente estudo analisou a melhor forma de tributaÃ§Ã£o para uma empresa do ramo comercial alimentÃ­cio com faturamento superior a R$ 3.600.000,00, tendo como base as seguintes formas de tributaÃ§Ã£o: Simples Nacional com Ãªnfase no projeto de lei 125/2015 e Lucro Presumido. A fim de tornar concreto este objetivo, foi realizado um estudo a respeito das caracterÃ­sticas de cada regime, bem como de todas as variÃ¡veis que influenciaram a realizaÃ§Ã£o do mesmo. AlÃ©m disso, foram apresentadas as sistemÃ¡ticas de tributaÃ§Ã£o do Simples Nacional e do Lucro Presumido, comparando os dois regimes tributÃ¡rios. Para viabilizar tal comparaÃ§Ã£o, o trabalho apresentou um estudo de caso no qual foi apurada a carga tributÃ¡ria incidente sobre a receita bruta auferida por uma empresa aqui denominada Empresa Alfa no perÃ­odo 2015, tendo em vista as formas de tributaÃ§Ã£o citadas anteriormente e observou-se que o Lucro Presumido Ã© a forma de tributaÃ§Ã£o mais econÃ´mica para a Empresa Alfa.
POLÃTICAS PÃšBLICAS DE PLANTAS MEDICINAIS E FITOTERÃPICOS NO BRASIL: SUA HISTÃ“RIA NO SISTEMA DE SAÃšDE
Authors: Borges Fabricia Villefort , Sales Maria Diana Cerqueira 
Published: July 2019

A promoÃ§Ã£o ao conhecimento das plantas medicinais brasileiras e seu correto emprego na recuperaÃ§Ã£o e manutenÃ§Ã£o da saÃºde tem sido amplamente discutida no cenÃ¡rio atual devido Ã adoÃ§Ã£o da PolÃ­tica Nacional de PrÃ¡ticas Integrativas e Complementares no Sistema Ãšnico de SaÃºde. Ocasionando uma oportunidade de uniÃ£o do saber popular com o saber tÃ©cnico. O presente artigo tem como objetivos compreender conceitos importantes sobre o tema, identificar as condiÃ§Ãµes histÃ³ricas do surgimento e construÃ§Ã£o das polÃ­ticas pÃºblicas de plantas medicinais e fitoterÃ¡picas no Brasil, assim como descrever as mudanÃ§as ocorridas na saÃºde pÃºblica e no Sistema Ãºnico de SaÃºde (SUS) apÃ³s a implementaÃ§Ã£o dessas polÃ­ticas. O trabalho trata-se de um estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, realizado atravÃ©s de levantamento bibliogrÃ¡fico de artigos de acesso livre indexados nas bases de dados Bio- Med, Bireme, PubMed e SciELO com utilizaÃ§Ã£o dos descritores: PolÃ­tica PÃºblica, Plantas Medicinais, Fitoterapia, Sistema Ãšnico de SaÃºde (SUS). Observou-se que nas Ãºltimas dÃ©cadas, alguns estados e municÃ­pios brasileiros vÃªm realizando a implantaÃ§Ã£o de Programas de Fitoterapia na atenÃ§Ã£o primÃ¡ria Ã saÃºde, com o objetivo de suprir carÃªncias medicamentosas de suas comunidades e melhorar a qualidade de vida destas.
A JURISDIÃ‡ÃƒO SOB A PERSPECTIVA DE RONALD DWORKIN
Authors: Arakaki Fernanda Franklin Seixas , Mendes AndrÃ©ia Almeida , Cavet Caroline Amadori , CorrÃªa Camila Braga , E Silva Antunes Rosana Maria de Moraes 
Published: July 2019

O artigo tem como objetivo analisar a jurisdiÃ§Ã£o sob a perspectiva de Ronald Dworkin (2001; 2007; 2010) que se baseou principalmente nas falhas sob a Ã³tica positivista. Nesse sentido, tratar-se-Ã¡ o presente trabalho das crÃ­ticas propostas por Dworkin, no diÃ¡logo feito entre esse e Hart (1986), principalmente no que toca Ã s concepÃ§Ãµes do modelo teÃ³rico criado por Dworkin que buscou dar uma resposta adequada a interpretaÃ§Ã£o judicial, principalmente sobre os casos difÃ­ceis, partindo da ideia de integridade do direito. Para tanto, serÃ¡ feita uma pesquisa de cunho bibliogrÃ¡fico com revisÃ£o integrativa de literatura a qual se pautarÃ¡ fundamentalmente nas relaÃ§Ãµes entre legalidade e moralidade e a sua implicaÃ§Ã£o na interpretaÃ§Ã£o do direito e da existÃªncia, ou nÃ£o, da discricionariedade judicial.Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â
FORÃ‡A DE DESPRENDIMENTO DE FRUTOS DE CAFÃ‰ CONILON NO ESTADO DO ESPÃRITO SANTO
Authors: Souza Gustavo Soares de , Infantini MaurÃ­cio Blanco , Lani JosÃ© AntÃ´nio , Alves Patrick De Oliveira 
Published: July 2019

Um dos principais problemas enfrentados pelos produtores rurais de cafÃ© conilon Ã© a falta de mÃ£o de obra, principalmente durante a colheita. A mecanizaÃ§Ã£o da colheita Ã© uma opÃ§Ã£o viÃ¡vel para a falta de mÃ£o de obra e para reduzir o custo. A forÃ§a de desprendimento dos frutos Ã© um dos fatores que influenciam a eficiÃªncia da colheita mecanizada e Ã© influenciada por aspectos genÃ©ticos e de manejo. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a forÃ§a de desprendimento dos frutos de cafÃ© conilon de plantas da variedade Robusta Tropical e do clone LB1, visando criar subsÃ­dios para o uso de colhedoras automotrizes. O estudo foi realizado em lavoura comercial em Governador Lindenberg-ES. A forÃ§a de desprendimento dos frutos foi avaliada com um dinamÃ´metro portÃ¡til digital. A forÃ§a de desprendimento dos frutos de cafÃ© conilon reduziu com o aumento do estÃ¡gio de maturaÃ§Ã£o. A variaÃ§Ã£o de forÃ§a de desprendimento entre os frutos verdes e cerejas foi de 2,5 e 1,2 N para a variedade Robusta Tropical e o clone LB1, respectivamente. A forÃ§a de desprendimento dos frutos foi 25% maior nos frutos nÃ£o derriÃ§ados apÃ³s passagem da mÃ¡quina em relaÃ§Ã£o Ã mÃ©dia da lavoura nÃ£o derriÃ§ada. A forÃ§a de desprendimento dos frutos de conilon varia com o estÃ¡gio de maturaÃ§Ã£o e o material genÃ©tico, indicando a possibilidade de selecionar materiais mais adaptados para o uso de colhedoras automotrizes. A colhedora apresenta potencial de selecionar os frutos com menor forÃ§a de desprendimento.
POR QUE LUHMANN INCOMODA? PRINCIPAIS QUESTÃ•ES SOBRE A TEORIA SOCIOLÃ“GICA DE NIKLAS LUHMANN NA OBRA â€œLA SOCIEDAD COMO SISTEMA DE COMUNICACIÃ“Nâ€ DE OSVALDO DALLERA
Authors: Silva Renan Luiz dos Santos da , Porto Guaraci CorrÃªa 
Published: July 2019

Este artigo tem como objeto a anÃ¡lise a teoria sociolÃ³gica de Niklas Luhmann. EstÃ¡ organizado em duas partes. Na primeira sÃ£o estudados os principais tÃ³picos da teoria sociolÃ³gica de Luhmann, de acordo com os princÃ­pios e subdivisÃµes propostos por Osvaldo Dallera em seu livro â€œLa sociedad como sistema de comunicacÃ­onâ€. Na segunda parte o foco Ã© analisar a atualidade do pensamento luhmanniano e suas repercussÃµes nos discursos sociolÃ³gicos e jurÃ­dicos, tentando responder Ã pergunta sobre por que a teoria construtivista tira da zona de conforto a filosofia e a ontologia clÃ¡ssica, interpelando as estabilidades do pensamento tradicional.