bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“The Septum and Nasomaxillary Vault Associated with Unrepaired Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate: A Data-Driven 3D Model”
Authors: Linkugel Andrew D. , Mercan Ezgi , Tolley Philip D. , Roy Mélissa , Ettinger Russell E. , Lo Lun-Jou , Kane Alex A. , Tse Raymond W. 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Defining the nature of the unilateral cleft lip and palate nasal deformity (uCLND) and its optimal surgical correction continues to be a challenge. The purpose of this study was to develop a data-driven model of the primary unrepaired osseocartilaginous skeleton of the nasomaxillary complex.

Methods:
CT scans of nineteen 3-month-old infants with unrepaired unilateral cleft lip and palate and nineteen age- and race-matched controls were analyzed. Osseous landmark deviation in subjects with clefts was compared to controls. Segmentation of the osseocartilaginous septum was performed, and deformational differences were calculated between cleft and non-cleft cohorts.

Results:
Compared to controls, the rhinion, non-cleft nasomaxillary junction, and cleft nasomaxillary junction deviated towards the non-cleft side. The piriform margins each diverge away from midline with the non-cleft side deviating lateral and superior, and the cleft side deviating lateral and posterior. These alterations result in a bony torsion with sigmoidal configuration of the cleft side aperture, vertical shortening of the central midface, and de-projection of the nasal pyramid. Segmentation of the septum revealed anterior deviation toward the non-cleft side with a single convexity toward the cleft.

Conclusions:
This three-dimensional data-driven model contradicts prior models and confirms a collapsing twist of the cleft side aperture and medialization of the bony margin of the nasal airway with deviation of the nasal bone complex toward the non-cleft side. This analysis defines the critical anatomic characteristics of the cleft nasal deformity and informs the goals of nasal correction at the time of primary repair.
Lipophagy Enhances Fat Graft Retention by Stimulating Dedifferentiation of Mature Adipocytes and Modulating Inflammation
Authors: Xu Shujie , Wang Xinhui , Xu Yidan , Yang Han , Liao Yunjun , Chang Qiang , Cai Junrong , Lu Feng , Gao Jianhua , Yuan Yi 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Maintaining lipid metabolic homeostasis is essential for cells to respond to environmental stresses, ensure survival, and preserve functionality. Lipophagy, a form of autophagy in which intracellular lysosomes target and degrade lipid droplets. The authors hypothesize that pharmacologically enhancing or disrupting lipophagy could either improve or impair the retention rates of fat grafts.

Methods:
Human fat graft nodules, retained for six months, were collected through surgical procedures for analysis. Additionally, a mouse fat graft model was established by mixing fragmented adipose tissue with the autophagy inducer rapamycin (Rapa), the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA), or PBS, and subcutaneously implanting into the bilateral lower back of mice for localized activation or inhibition of lipophagy. Samples were collected at various time points for morphological, histological, transcriptomic, and gene expression analysis.

Results:
A significant increase in lipophagy was demonstrated in both human and mouse fat grafts. Rapa-induced upregulation of lipophagy promoted long-term retention of mouse fat grafts and resulted in fewer cysts and reduced fibrosis. Lipophagy activation facilitated the dedifferentiation of mature adipocytes and adipogenesis. Moreover, lipophagy enhanced the metabolism of oil droplets in macrophages. Activation of lipophagy also reduced long-term macrophage infiltration and collagen deposition in fat grafts while simultaneously increasing the proportion of M2 macrophages.

Conclusion:
Lipophagy was activated following fat grafting. Lipophagy improves fat graft retention and quality by stimulating the dedifferentiation of mature adipocytes, promoting oil metabolism, and reducing inflammation. Thus, lipophagy serves as a crucial integrative point connecting lipid metabolism, regeneration, and immunity in fat grafts.
Risk of Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Computed Tomography
Authors: Choi Byungjin , Heo Subin , Mcdonald Jennifer S. , Choi Sang Hyun , Choi Won-Mook , Lee Jung Bok , Lee Eunyoung Angela , Park Seong Ho , Seol Soobeen , Gan Sujin , Park Bumhee , Choi Hee Jung , Kim Byoung Je , Rhee Sang Youl , Hong Seung Baek , Kim Kyung-Hee , Lee Young Hwan , Kim Seung Soo , Park Rae Woong 
Published: November 2024

Objectives
Concern about contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) may delay the timely administration of contrast media for computed tomography (CT). The precise causative effect of iodinated contrast media on CI-AKI and its relevant risk factors remains an area of ongoing investigation. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the risk of CI-AKI following contrast-enhanced CT and its predisposing risk factors.

Materials and Methods
This study employed a 1:1 propensity score matching analysis using electronic medical records gathered between January 2006 and December 2022 from 16 institutions in South Korea. Contrast-enhanced and nonenhanced CT scans in patients aged 18 years and above were matched for baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), demographic characteristics, and clinical variables to assess the risk of CI-AKI. Subgroup analyses were conducted to evaluate any significant risk factors for CI-AKI.

Results
A total of 182,170 CT scans with contrast were matched to 182,170 CT scans without contrast. The risk of CI-AKI in the entire study cohort was not statistically significant (odds ratio [OR], 1.036; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.968–1.109; P = 0.34). Subgroup analyses revealed a significantly higher risk of CI-AKI in patients with eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73m2 (OR, 1.176; 95% CI, 1.080–1.281; P = 0.011) or eGFR 30–45 mL/min/1.73m2 (OR, 1.139; 95% CI, 1.043–1.244; P = 0.019), patients diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (OR, 1.215; 95% CI, 1.084–1.361; P = 0.011), and those administered with iso-osmolar contrast media (OR, 1.392; 95% CI, 1.196–1.622; P = 0.011).

Conclusions
The risk of CI-AKI following CT was minimal in the general population. However, caution is warranted for patients with chronic kidney disease and eGFR lower than 45 mL/min/1.73m2, or those administered with iso-osmolar contrast media.
Ovarian Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma With Low 68Ga-FAPI-46 and Low 18F-FDG Uptake on PET/CT
Authors: Bentestuen Morten , Sylvest Camilla , Frandsen Anna Poulsgaard , Zacho Helle D. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A 67-year-old woman presented with a 12 × 20 × 24-cm adnexal tumor. Ultrasonography revealed an irregular, multilocular tumor, with increased flow in the solid components, and ascites—features that are consistent with ovarian cancer. The patient underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT and 68Ga-FAPI-46 PET/CT, both of which showed low uptake values. Histopathology confirmed ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma (OCCC), a less common subtype that is underrepresented in FAPI PET/CT studies so far. Low 18F-FDG uptake is a known feature of OCCC and has been previously reported; however, this case identifies OCCC as a potential pitfall in 68Ga-FAPI-46 PET/CT.
Effect of Transpancreatic Mattress Suture With Polyglycolic Acid Sheet in Pancreatic Stump Closure for the Prevention of Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula in Robotic Distal Pancreatectomy
Authors: Murata Yasuhiro , Komatsubara Haruna , Noguchi Daisuke , Ito Takahiro , Hayasaki Aoi , Iizawa Yusuke , Fujii Takehiro , Tanemura Akihiro , Kuriyama Naohisa , Kishiwada Masashi , Mizuno Shugo 
Published: November 2024

Objective:
Pancreatic stump closure in minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy (DP) commonly utilizes staplers due to its simplicity; however, postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) remains the most frequent complication. We have developed a novel stump closure technique using a transpancreatic mattress suture with a polyglycolic acid sheet (TP method) under robotic DP. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of the TP method.

Materials and Methods:
This study included 145 cases of pure minimally invasive DP performed between February 2011 and July 2024: 34 robotic (R) and 97 laparoscopic (Lap). Surgical outcomes were compared across 3 groups based on the stump closure method: 18 cases using the TP method (TP group; R: 18), 22 with hand-sewn closure in a fish-mouth manner (FM group; Lap: 22), and 91 with a reinforced stapler (S group; R: 16, Lap: 75). Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify risk factors for POPF.

Results:
POPF occurred in 20 of 131 cases (grade B: 19, C: 1, 15.3%). The TP group exhibited the lowest POPF rate (TP vs FM vs S: 5.6% vs 27.3% vs 14.3%). Multivariate analysis identified pancreatic thickness ≥12 mm as an independent risk factor. For thickness <12 mm, no significant differences in POPF rates were observed (TP vs FM vs S: 0% vs 25.0% vs 5.6%). However, for thickness ≥12 mm, the TP group had a significantly lower POPF rate compared with the S group (TP vs FM vs S: 7.7% vs 28.6% vs 47.4%).

Conclusion:
The TP method is superior to stapler closure in preventing POPF, especially in cases with pancreatic thickness of ≥12 mm.
Predicting Unintended Pregnancy in Senegal by using Machine Learning Models: Evidence from Senegal DHS 2023
Authors: Khan Majlish Mushfiqur Rahman , Tawhid Sultanul Arafean , Kibria Gulam , Sakib Nazmus 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUnintended pregnancy refers to a pregnancy that is either mistimed or unwanted at the time of conception. Such pregnancies can have harmful effects, including negative impacts on maternal and child health, economic hardship, and strained relationships. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of machine learning algorithms in forecasting unintended pregnancies in Senegal and identifying the key factors that significantly impact them. The study utilized data from the 2023 Senegal Demographic and Health Survey, focusing on pregnant women. A final sample of 885 respondents was analyzed after handling missing values and six machine learning models namely Logistic Regression, Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbors, Support Vector Machine, Naïve Bayes and Extra Tree Classifier was used. The Random Forest algorithm emerged as the best predictive model due to its highest AUC value (80.45%), surpassing all other machine learning algorithms used in this study. Total birth, currently residing with husband/partner, respondent’s education level, number of living children, Husband/partner’s occupation, residence type, Respondent can refuse sex and intention of contraceptive use are identified as contributing factors in that predict unintended pregnancy. The study’s results suggest that machine learning models, particularly Random Forest, can significantly enhance predictive accuracy for unintended pregnancies, helping public health initiatives in Senegal target at-risk populations. By identifying women at risk of unplanned pregnancies, targeted interventions and support services can be implemented, ultimately improving maternal health outcomes.
The N-terminal Domain of cpTatC Protein Interacts with the Precursor Mature Domain in Chloroplast TAT Translocation
Authors: Maddethalawe Thilini , Hird Krystina , Dabney-Smith Carole 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe chloroplast Twin Arginine Transport (cpTAT) protein translocation pathway is one of the thylakoid membrane’s two protein transport pathways for getting proteins into the lumen. The cpTAT system distinguishes itself by transporting fully folded proteins across the thylakoid, using the sole energy source of the proton motive force (PMF). The cpTAT pathway is evolutionarily conserved with the TAT pathway found in many bacteria and archaea. Although small differences exist, TAT systems in different organisms share homologous protein composition and similar molecular mechanisms. The cpTAT system comprises cpTatC, Hcf106, and Tha4 (the prokaryotic homologs of these proteins are TatC, TatB, and TatA, respectively). (cp)TatC is one of the essential proteins in the (cp)TAT system, as it is present in the receptor complex. The amino acid sequence alignment of cpTatC and TatC protein in archaea andE. colihas shown a unique N-terminal amino acid extension of 70-100 amino acids in mature cpTatC that is not present in prokaryotic TatC. However, the role of the amino-terminal extension in cpTatC function is still unknown. We present crosslinking evidence that the amino-terminal extension directly interacts with the precursor mature domain during TAT protein translocation and may serve to prime the transporter with bound precursor in the absence of the PMF.HighlightsThe cpTatC protein in the cpTAT pathway has a unique amino-terminal extension not found in bacterial or archaeal TatC proteins.The N-terminal extension of cpTatC interacts with the precursor mature domain during TAT translocation.The crosslinking data indicate that different regions within the N-terminal extension exhibit varying intensities when binding to the precursor.
Hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) point-of-care tests as a risk stratification tool: experience from Kenya
Authors: Downs Louise O , Okanda Dorcas , Chirro Oscar , Zaharani Mwanakombo , Safari Benson , Aliyan Nadia , Andersson Monique I , Tanaka Yasuhito , Etyang Anthony O , Shimakawa Yusuke , Githinji George , Matthews Philippa C 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe undertook a point-of-care test (POCT) for hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) on adults living with HBV in Kilifi, Kenya. A positive test identified all with hepatitis B viral load >200,000 IU/ml, who were HBeAg positive, and correlated with higher ALT (p = 0.03), raised APRI (p<0.001) and elastography scores (p = 0.03).
Deep Learning-based Real-Time Seizure Detection and Multi-Seizure Classification on Pediatric EEG
Authors: Jeong Hyewon , Lee Kwanhyung , Kim Seyun , Kang Hoon-Chul , Yang Donghwa 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveTo develop a reliable and accurate seizure detection method using deep learning models capable of detecting and classifying multiple seizure types in real time.MethodsWe retrospectively collected electroencephalography (EEG) recordings, which were acquired as part of routine diagnostic tests for patients aged 3 months to ≤18 years of age with childhood absence epilepsy, infantile epileptic spasms syndrome, other generalized epilepsy, and focal epilepsy, between January 2018 and December 2022 at Severance Children’s Hospital. We used EEG recordings from both seizure and non-seizure patients, which were downsampled to 200 Hz for real-time seizure detection and multi-classification.ResultsOf the 199 patients (620 seizures), 49 (297 seizures) belonged to the childhood absence epilepsy group, 16 (200 seizures) to the infantile epileptic spasms syndrome group, 14 (76 seizures) to other generalized epilepsy group, 19 (47 seizures) to focal epilepsy group, and 101 to the normal group. The results showed the best overall performance of AUROC 0.98 and APROC of 0.73 with ResNet with Long-Short Term Network and a 12 s sliding window on real-time seizure detection task. Furthermore, ResNet50 without the frequency bands feature extractor showed the best overall weighted performance for multi-class seizure detection with 0.99 AUROC and 0.99 APPRC.DiscussionOur approach proposes robust methods which include EEG preprocessing strategy with real-time detection/classification of multiple seizures, which helps monitor pediatric seizure. The result shows that real-time seizure detection can be effectively applied to real-world clinical datasets from a pediatric epilepsy unit with realistic performance and speed.
Assessment of population exposure to pesticide applications with a high-resolution map of pesticide use intensity for mainland France
Authors: Nowak Benjamin , Marliac Gaëlle 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWhile there is a lively debate about the potential harmful effects of pesticide use, the multiplication of data sources offers new ways of assessing these effects. To facilitate future studies, this article sets out a method for obtaining a map of pesticide use intensity for mainland France, taking into account the effect of each plot. To do so, a number of pesticide treatments was assigned to each plot based on statistical data concerning the average number of treatments per crop and per region. The final result is a raster with a resolution of 100m, which takes into account the average of treatments for the years 2019, 2020 and 2021. A first application conducted in this study showed that 25% of the French population was exposed to at least 1 pesticide treatment per year in their place of residence (5% exposed to at least 10 treatments per year). There were marked differences in exposure between regions, with particularly high exposure in the west and north of France, for example. The map of pesticide use intensity in France produced in this study is freely accessible for future studies.
Targeting the menopause transition with metformin improves breast cancer outcomes, but discontinuation has deleterious effects on metabolic health: Findings from a preclinical model of postmenopausal breast cancer
Authors: Corleto Karen A. , Schedin Pepper , Kotta Anuhya S. , Strandmo Jenna L. , Foster Samantha M. , Lammoglia Nanci , Karmakar Moumita , Carroll Raymond J. , MacLean Paul S. , Giles Erin D. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundWomen with obesity and/or type-II-diabetes have an increased breast cancer risk, increased metastasis, and poorer prognosis, especially after menopause. In a rat model of high-fat-diet and menopause-induced weight gain, we previously reported that treatment with the anti-diabetic drug metformin for 8-weeks after ovariectomy (OVX; modeling menopause) reduced growth of existing mammary tumors and inhibited new tumor formation. This identified the menopause transition as a potential window-of-opportunity for interventions to decrease obesity-associated breast cancer incidence and disease progression. Here, we extend these findings to determine if limiting metformin to the peak window of OVX-induced weight gain would have similar anti-cancer effects.FindingsMetformin during the first four weeks following OVX is critical to reducing tumor burden, as rats treated with metformin early (weeks0-4-postOVX) had reduced tumor burden. Conversely, initiating metformin later in the postOVX period (weeks 4-8postOVX) did not reduce cancer burden. Despite improved tumor outcomes, metformin withdrawal after the early postOVX time had detrimental metabolic effects, including weight gain and increased adiposity, insulin, IGF1, and HOMA-IR, which correlate with increased cancer risk.ConclusionsThese data reveal early-postmenopause as a critical window when metformin decreases progression of existing disease and highlights the importance of maintaining treatment to prevent metabolic dysregulation, which could promote secondary tumors/metastasis. These findings also help explain the disconnect between epidemiological studies reporting anticancer benefits of metformin and more recent clinical trials that failed to see similar efficacy, potentially due to issues of timing and/or inclusion of women outside the early postmenopausal window and/or without underlying metabolic dysfunction.
Leveraging Experimental Vasculature Data for High Resolution Brain Tumor Simulations
Authors: Behle Eric , Herold Julian , Schug Alexander 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCancer remains a leading cause of mortality. Multidisciplinary studies probe its complex pathology to increase treatment options. Computational modeling of tumor growth on high-performance computing resources offers microscopic insight into its progress and a valuable avenue for advancing our understanding. However, the effective initialization and parameterization of the underlying models require high-resolution data from real tissue structures. Here, we leveraged high performance computing resources and a massive dataset of a mouse brain’s entire vascular network. We processed these image stacks into detailed three-dimensional representations, identified brain regions of interest, and conducted a series of large-scale simulations to investigate how tumor growth is influenced by local vascular network characteristics. By simulating tumor growth with sub-cellular resolution, we can probe to which extent vessel density and vessel network length influence tumor growth. We determined that vessel density is the primary determinant of growth rate. Finally, our results allowed us to extrapolate tumor cell growth predictions for the entire mouse brain, highlighting the critical role of vascular topology in tumor progression. Such increasingly realistic simulations of cancer cells and their microenvironment enable researchers to increasingly bridge the gap between basic biology and clinical practice, ultimately supporting the development of more effective personalized cancer therapies.
The rapid degradation of translated upstream regions points to an inefficient translation initiation process
Authors: Tress Michael L. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLarge-scale experimental analyses find ever more abundant evidence of translation from start codons upstream of the canonical start site. This translation either generates entirely new proteins (from novel upstream open reading frames) or produces isoforms with extended N-terminals when the novel start codon is in frameMost extended N-terminals are likely to just add a disordered region to the canonical protein isoform, but some may also block the recognition of the signal peptide causing the isoform to accumulate in the incorrect cellular compartment. This analysis finds evidence that upstream translations that would interfere with signal peptides are detected in expected quantities in ribosome profiling experiments, but that the equivalent N-terminally extended protein isoforms are significantly reduced in multiple proteomics experiments.This suggests that these isoforms are likely to be degraded shortly after translation by the ubiquitination pathway, thus preventing the build up of potentially harmful proteins with hydrophobic regions in the cytoplasm. In addition, this is further evidence that most of the transcripts translated from upstream start sites are the result of an inefficient translation initiation process. This has implications for the annotation of proteins given the huge numbers of upstream translations that are being detected in large-scale experiments.
Cortical assembloids support the development of fast-spiking human PVALB+ cortical interneurons and uncover schizophrenia-associated defects
Authors: Walsh Ryan M. , Crabtree Gregg W. , Kalpana Kriti , Jubierre Luz , Koo So Yeon , Ciceri Gabriele , Gogos Joseph A. , Kruglikov Ilya , Studer Lorenz 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDisruption of parvalbumin positive (PVALB+) cortical interneurons is implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. However, how these defects emerge during brain development remains poorly understood. The protracted maturation of these cells during postnatal life has made their derivation from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) extremely difficult, precluding hPSC-based disease modeling of their role in neuropsychiatric disease. Here we present a cortical assembloid system that supports the development of PVALB+ cortical interneurons which match the molecular profiles of primary PVALB+ interneurons and display their distinctive electrophysiological features. Further, we characterized cortical interneuron development in a series of CRISPR-generated isogenic structural variants associated with schizophrenia and identified variant-specific phenotypes affecting cortical interneuron migration and the molecular profile of PVALB+ cortical interneurons. These findings offer plausible mechanisms on how the disruption of cortical interneuron development may impact schizophrenia risk and provide the first human experimental platform to study of PVALB+ cortical interneurons.