bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon–Mercury Interactions in Spodosols Assessed through Density Fractionation, Radiocarbon Analysis, and Soil Survey Information
Authors: Nave L.E. , Covarrubias Ornelas A. , Drevnick P.E. , Gallo A. , Hatten J.A. , Heckman K.A. , Matosziuk L. , Sanclements M. , Strahm B.D. , Veverica T.J. , Weiglein T.L. , Swanston C.W. 
Published: February 2019

Core Ideas
Bulk soils are mixtures of SOM pools that cycle C and Hg very differently.
Density separation and C‐14 analysis reveal differences between SOM pools.
Mineral interactions are an underappreciated mechanism for Hg and C stabilization.
C‐Hg interactions in Spodosols are consistent across the entire soil order.
Soil taxonomic orders differ in C‐Hg relationships in pedogenically predictable ways.
Soils comprise the largest terrestrial pool of C and Hg on Earth, and these elements have critical feedbacks to problems ranging from atmospheric pollution and climate change to public health. Empirical evidence suggests these elements cycle closely in a wide range of soils, but mechanistic studies of their interactions within distinct soil organic matter (SOM) pools and between different soil types are needed. Here, we report findings of a novel approach to investigate C–Hg interactions, primarily in Spodosols, in which we: (i) examined density separated topsoil and illuvial horizons of four contrasting Spodosols, and used radiocarbon to investigate interactions between Hg and C cycling in distinct SOM pools; (ii) assessed broader patterns across Spodosols and other soil orders using USDA soil survey laboratory data. Consistent with other studies, C and Hg concentrations of individual soil horizons were positively related across the four contrasting Spodosols. Carbon and Hg were also positively related in the density fractions comprising individual soil horizons, but radiocarbon analysis revealed fundamental differences in Hg retention in modern, C‐rich fractions vs. low‐C fractions containing less modern radiocarbon. The lack of significant site‐to‐site variation in C and Hg across these sites (and Spodosols more broadly), contrasted against significant differences between horizons and fractions, suggests processes controlling C–Hg interactions are consistent across the taxonomic order. Furthermore, significant differences between other soil orders indicate that processes controlling soil formation—as represented by soil taxonomy—can explain differences in C–Hg interactions and their distribution across soils.
Delineating Site‐Specific Management Zones and Evaluating Soil Water Temporal Dynamics in a Farmer's Field in Kentucky
Authors: Reyes Javier , Wendroth Ole , Matocha Christopher , Zhu Junfeng 
Published: February 2019

Core IdeasClay content, soil organic matter, slope, NDVI, and topographic wetness index delineate management zones.Hard and fuzzy clustering analysis resulted in divisions of two and three areas.Wavelet analysis revealed variability in temporal soil water dynamics between zones.Due to spatial variability of soil genesis, topography, and resulting soil properties in farmers' fields, soil and crop processes vary in space and time. Therefore, optimum rates and timing of resource applications, such as nutrients and irrigation water, may vary as well. It remains a challenge to quantify the spatial variability of a field and to identify effective ways to manage fields in a site‐specific manner. The objective of this study was to delineate management zones within a farmer's field based on relatively easily obtainable information that is statistically integrated. Moreover, soil water temporal dynamics should be evaluated regarding their spatial differences in different zones. The set of direct and indirect observations included clay and silt content, apparent electrical conductivity, soil chemical properties (pH; organic matter; and total N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Zn), satellite‐based normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and lidar‐based topographic variables in a western Kentucky field. Several key variables and their capability to describe spatial crop yield variability were identified by using principal component analysis: soil clay content, slope, soil organic matter content, topographic wetness index, and NDVI. Two types of cluster analysis were applied to delineate management zones. The cluster analyses revealed that two to three zones was the optimal number of classes based on different criteria. Delineated zones were evaluated and revealed significant differences in corn (Zea maysL.) yield and temporally different soil moisture dynamics. The results demonstrate the ability of the proposed procedure to delineate a farmer's field into zones based on spatially varying soil and crop properties that should be considered for irrigation management.
Potable water supply among the physically challenged in selected homes for the disabled in Ibadan
Authors: Udofia Ifiok P. , Oloruntoba Elizabeth O. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
There is paucity of information on accessibility to potable water in homes for the disabled in Nigeria. This study investigated access to potable water among physically challenged people in three homes for the disabled in Ibadan. Sixty-four physically challenged persons living at the Cheshire Home (CH), Sekinat Adekola (SAC) and Lawal Centre (LC) were surveyed. Quantity of Drinking Water (QDW) received daily was compared to the WHO minimum requirement of 2.5 litres/head/day. Drinking water samples were analysed for total coliform (TCC) and Escherichia coli counts (ECC). Respondents' ages were 22.4 ± 5.1 years in CH, 23.6 ± 7.4 years in SAC and 13.8 ± 5.6 years in LC. The QDW received was 5.3 ± 1.5 litres/head/day in CH, 4.5 ± 0.5 litres/head/day in SAC and 2.8 ± 0.8 litres/head/day in LC. Thirty-seven percent in CH, 55.0% in SAC and 22.0% in LC were very satisfied with QDW received. CH water had lower TCC (2.0 ± 0.6 cfu/100 mL) compared to SAC (378 ± 169.3 cfu/100 mL) and LC (357.3 ± 174.3 cfu/100 mL). Only LC water showed an ECC of 1.0 ± 0.4 cfu/100 mL. Not all individuals experienced adequate access within the homes. Water quality was poor across the homes and treatment was inadequate. Constant potable water is required for the well-being of disabled people in these homes.
This article has been made Open Access thanks to the generous support of a global network of libraries as part of the Knowledge Unlatched Select initiative.
Study on the effect of chitosan conditioning on sludge dewatering
Authors: Zhang Jin , Hu Qing , Lu Jie , Lin Shuang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe difficulty of residual sludge dehydration is the major problem in sewage treatment. The reduction of moisture content in sludge can reduce the sludge volume significantly and is conducive to the subsequent disposal of sludge. As an organic polymer flocculant, chitosan (CTS) is widely used in water and waste water treatment. In this study, CTS was used in sludge treatment to improve the sedimentation and dehydration properties of sludge. When treated with CTS, the moisture content of sludge cake decreased from 85.9% to 83.0%, the SV30 decreased to about 1/2, and the sludge volume reduced to 82.9%. Further analysis showed that the zeta potential (ζ-potential) of the sludge changed from negative value to positive value, and the D50 of the sludge was larger than that of the raw sludge. In addition, when the moisture content of the sludge cake was reduced to the lowest, the concentration of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and SCOD was the largest and the |ζ| decreased to the lowest. CTS improved the dehydration and sedimentation performance of sludge mainly by factors of electrical neutralization, adsorption bridging and dissolution of EPS.
Determining the provision of wastewater management infrastructure in rural India from the local communities' perspectives
Authors: Rashid Mohammad , Pandit Debapratim 
Published: February 2019

AbstractManagement of wastewater in rural areas is important for improving the sanitation services which has remained relatively neglected in India and other developing countries. This study aims to analyse the service quality of attributes of wastewater management (WWM) infrastructure and to determine their service delivery levels from local communities' perspective which is required for the sustainability of the provided facilities. The study was conducted in a few villages of the Gaya district of Bihar, India with a sample size of 1,204. Twelve attributes are identified and selected after extensive literature review, focus group discussions and experts' opinion survey, and appropriate service delivery level for each attribute is determined using level of service (LOS) scale, zone of tolerance (ZOT) and through users' satisfaction level (USL) values for each attribute. The findings reveal that while service level of most of the attributes is perceived as LOS C, the expected service level for the attributes lies between LOS A and C. The proportion of households satisfied at the upper and lower ranges of ZOT also varies from one attribute to another. The framework developed in this research would help policy makers to determine appropriate service delivery level of WWM attribute and other infrastructure in rural areas.
Assessing Learning Needs and Career Attitudes of Italian Psychiatry Residents: Results from a National Survey Conducted by the Italian Society of Psychopathology Young Psychiatrists Section (SOPSI-GG)
Authors: Barlati Stefano , Buoli Massimiliano , Di Giorgio Annabella , Di Lorenzo Giorgio , Gramaglia Carla , Gattoni Eleonora , Aguglia Andrea , Monteleone Alessio Maria , Dell’Osso Bernardo 
Published: February 2019

Objective:
No data are available about learning needs and career attitudes of Italian Psychiatry Residents (IPRs). Authors aimed to assess such needs through a survey to generate insight for implementing educational programs close to IPRs’ perceived learning needs.

Methods:
A 54-item questionnaire was developed in order to investigate career information, educational preference and learning needs of IPRs. A sample of 298 IPRs participated to the survey and was divided into four subgroups according to their location (North, Centre, South and Islands). The subgroups were compared through ANOVA for age and chi-square tests for qualitative variables (including gender and all sub-items of the survey), with Bonferroni post-hoc analysis.

Results:
IPRs were found to pursue, along with traditional and theoretical training, a quite practical approach, characterized by working groups, discussions on clinical cases and practical interactive sessions. The topics of major interest included: clinical psychiatry, psychopharmacology, psychiatric emergencies, communication and relationship skills (97%, 98.0%, 98.3% and 95.7% of the total sample, respectively). Indeed, a strong need for interaction with healthcare professionals emerged (97% of the total sample). North and Centre IPRs were more involved in Day Hospital activities than residents from South Italy and Islands (p<.001). South IPRs appeared to be more prone to invest for their education than residents from other areas (p<.01).

Conclusion:
Reported findings should be taken into account as a starting point for planning and developing future targeted packages of educational proposals for IPRs and they should stand as a useful pilot study for further investigation in the field.
Variations in Physiological and Psychological Responses of Orthopaedic Surgeons and Clinical Fellows during Hip and Knee Arthroplasties
Authors: Nazari Goris , Howard James , Lanting Brent 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Both physical and mental stress is present within the practice of healthcare professionals, which in turn negatively affects the quality of the services provided to the population and therefore, leading to mental exhaustion of the individuals involved.

Purpose:
To track physiological and psychological responses to common hip and knee surgeries, and during clinic days, in a group of orthopaedic surgeons and their clinical fellows (trainees), and to compare the physiological and psychological results with baseline physiological stress tests.

Methods:
Heart Rate (HR), Breathing Rate (BR), and self-reported anxiety were recorded in 3 fellowship trained orthopaedic surgeons and 5 clinical fellows using a wearable Equivital EQO2 physiological monitor and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Data was recorded for days in surgery as well as clinic for 6-8 hours/day. This data was compared to baseline physiological stress tests.

Results:
Mean HR and percentage of heart rate maximum (%HR-max) were not significantly different between staff and fellows throughout the surgery days regardless of the role occupied during both primary Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) and Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA). For Heart rate variability (HRV), there was no difference noted between staff and fellows at any moment around and during THA, however, fellows had significantly higher variability during TKA and maintained this increased variability in the postoperative period. In THA, staff failed to show any statistical difference between the HRV in the cases they were assuming the role of primary surgeon compared to the cases they were assisting and the clinic days. On the contrary, fellows showed significantly higher HRV when they were assisting during THA compared to when they were assuming the primary surgeon role or during their clinic days.

Conclusion:
Different stress patterns were noted in clinical fellows compared to the staff, especially showing a higher overall HRV during TKA.
La idea de universidad en tiempos de masificación
Authors: Brunner José-Joaquín 
Published: February 2019

A partir de los más recientes datos que caracterizan la evolución de la educación superior iberoamericana se analiza el impacto de la masificación y universalización de este nivel educacional sobre la plataforma institucional que lo provee, especialmente en su componente universitario. Se describe el paso de la universidad ideal, espiritual, de élite, a la universidad masiva, heteróclita y posmoderna y las reacciones de la inteligentsia frente a este proceso.
Solanum tuberosum extract mediated synthesis and characterization of iron oxide nanoparticles for their antibacterial and antioxidant activity
Authors: Madhu GC , Jaianand Kannaiyan , Rameshkumar K , Eyini Muthukumarasamy , Balaji Paulraj , Veeramanikandan Veeramani 
Published: February 2019

In the present study, the potential of aqueous extract of Solanum tuberosum for synthesis of Iron Oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4) was evaluated. An eco-friendly synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles and characteristics of the obtained Fe3O4 nanoparticles were studied using Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The synthesized Iron oxide nanoparticles were effectively utilized for the antibacterial activity and antioxidant studies. The rapid biological synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles using the extract of S. tuberosum provides an environment friendly, simple and efficient route. From the results, it is suggested that synthesized Iron Oxide could be used effective in future biomedical engineering.
Keywords: Antibacterial, Antioxidant, Iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles, Solanum tuberosum.
A review on experimental pharmacology
Authors: Balagopalan Devika , Hussain Gazala , Nidhin M M , Nambiar Sruthi 
Published: February 2019

In this era where the pharmaceutical companies and products are hiking in its need and production it is inevitable to document the safety and toxicity along with the indications of the same. This is where the experimental study has a vital role to play. Experimental pharmacology is the science where the drug interaction with different receptors and target sites in living organism are explained. This article reviews about the different aspects of experimental pharmacology and its uses.
Keywords: Experimental pharmacology, products, dosage
Screening of diverse phytochemicals with Aurora Kinase C protein: An In Silico approach
Authors: Pandya Pujan N , Mankad Archana U , Rawal Rakesh M , Prasanth Kumar S 
Published: February 2019

Aurora Kinase C, a vital serine-threonine protein Kinase, is an important member of the Aurora Kinase protein family which plays an important role in mitosis is a part of Chromosomal Passenger Complex (CPC). Aurora Kinase C over expression is found to be linked with several cancer cell lines which demonstrate its oncogenic involvement and activity. Aurora C over expression in certain cancer types makes it an important target to be considered for cancer therapeutics. The present research work focuses on the Aurora Kinase C as an important target for computational studies. The protein model of Aurora Kinase C, as a proten target on docking with 1500 natural compounds (phytochemicals) reveals the binding of the natural ligand 3-beta,23,28-trihydroxy-12-oleanene 23-caffeate belonging to the terpenoid class with highest docking score. This best bound ligand with the protein Aurora Kinase C was chosen for further understanding their protein-ligand interactions at the the molecular level using the molecular dynamic simulation approach. Stability of the protein-ligand complex and its conformation helps in disclosing the potentiality of the best bound ligand to be further chosen as an important small molecule inhibitor that would help playing a lead role in further drug discovery process
Keywords: Aurora Kinase C, Cancer, Phytochemicals, Docking, Molecular Dynamics
Structural and quantum chemical studies on aryl sulfonyl piperazine derivatives
Authors: Abbaz Tahar , Bendjeddou Amel , Villemin Didier 
Published: February 2019

The optimized molecular structure and electronic features of aryl sulfonyl piperazine derivatives 1-4 have been investigated theoretically using Gaussian 09 software package and DFT/B3LYP method with 6-31G (d,p) basis set. The reactivity of the title molecules was investigated and both the positive and negative centers of the molecules were identiﬁed using molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) analysis which the results illustrate that the regions reveal the negative electrostatic potential are localized in sulfamide function while the regions presenting the positive potential are localized in the hydrogen atoms. The energies of the frontier molecular orbitals and LUMO-HOMO energy gap are measured to explain the electronic transitions. Global reactivity parameters of the aryl sulfonyl piperazine derivatives molecules were predicted to find that the more reactive and softest compound is the compound 3. Mulliken’s net charges have been calculated and results show that 3N is the more negative and 33S is the more positive charge, which Indicates extensive charge delocalization in the entire molecule. The stability of the molecule arising from hyper-conjugative interaction and charge delocalization (π→π transitions) has been analyzed using NBO analysis. Fist hyperpolarizability is calculated in order to ﬁnd its importance in non-linear optics and the results show that the studied molecules have not the NLO applications.
Keywords: sulfamide; density functional theory; computational chemistry; electronic structure; quantum chemical calculations.
Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oil of Senecio graciliflorus
Authors: Joshi B.C. , Kumar Vinod , Chandra Bhuwan , Kandpal N.D. 
Published: February 2019

Objective: Among natural products, essential oils and their contituents represent a structurally diverse group of organic compounds with significant antibacterial activity. This study is oriented to assess the therapeutic potential of plant constituents as new antimicrobial drugs.
Methods: Aerial parts of Senecio graciliflorus was steam distilled and analysed by GC and GC-MS for the volatile constituents. Essential oil was studied for their antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using agar well diffusion method.
Results: The results revealed that α-pinene and α-thujene are the major constituents of S. graciliflorus oil. In vitro studies showed significant antimicrobial activity against bacterial strains.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the oil significantly inhibits the growth of baceria. S. graciliflorus would be another alternative for developing new pharmaceuticals for prevention bacterial diseases and provide a direction for the study of naturally derived drugs.
Keywords: Asteraceae, Senecio graciliflorus, Essential oil, α-Pinene, Antibacterial activity.
Role of Inhibitors in Controlling the Diseases
Authors: Zhu Xiaochai 
Published: February 2019

Inhibitors are those particular molecules that have unique properties to control the function of a disease-causing agent. The review sheet discusses the list of inhibitors for every disease and the ideal mechanism to excite the same for a better application and impact. Most of the inhibitors in this report are noncompetitive which means that they can survive and give an efficient result to the disease on its own without the need for an external inhibitor.
Keywords: Inhibitors, disease-causing agent, enzymes activity
Design Development and Evaluation of Agomelatine Microemulsion for Intranasal Delivery
Authors: Halde B. R. , Darekar A. B. , Saudagar R. B. 
Published: February 2019

The purpose of this study was to develop and optimize microemulsion containing agomelatine for intranasal delivery. Agomelatine, an antidepressant drug, has absolute bioavailability of only 5% due to high first pass metabolism. Agomelatine microemulsion and were prepared by titration method. Ternary phase diagram gave the microemulsion region and the concentration of oil; Smix and water were selected from ternary phase diagram. Based on solubility study, oleic acid, tween 80 and propylene glycol were selected as oil, surfactant and co surfactant respectively. Microemulsions were prepared using water titration method. 1:1% v/v ratio (Tween 80: Propylene glycol) was selected for formulation development. The prepared microemulsions were optimized optical transparency, viscosity measurement, phase separation, determination of pH, measurement of globule size, measurement of zeta potential, drug content, In vitro diffusion study, stability studies. The optimized batch was further characterized for optical transparency, viscosity measurement, phase separation, determination of pH, measurement of globule size, measurement of zeta potential, drug content, In vitro diffusion study, stability studies.
Keywords: Depression, Intranasal, Microemulsions, Agomelatine
Agastya Haritaki Rasayana: A Critical Review
Authors: Poudel Santosh , Pradeep , , Yadav Mahendra Prasad 
Published: February 2019

Rasayana is a specialized section of Ayurveda, which mainly deals with the prevention of disease and promotion of the health. Agastya Haritaki Rasayana is a popular Avaleha kalpana, used in the pranavaha sroto vikaras like Kasa, Shwasa, Hikka, Kshaya, etc. The study was taken with a view to enlist the ingredients of Agastya Haritaki Rasayana from different Classical text of Ayurveda and critical analysis was done based on the properties of ingredients and their indications. A thorough and comprehensive review of Agastya Haritaki Rasayana from different Ayurvedic classical texts, contemporary texts, online journals, articles and internet materials has been done. Most of the ingredients of Agastya Haritaki Rasayana are having -Tikta, Kashyaya, Madhura rasa, laghu, ruksha, tikshna guna, katu vipaka, ushna veerya and having kaphavata shamaka properties. Thus, Agastya Haritaki Rasayana is used in the management of diseases which are mainly vatakapha pradhana. Agastya Haritaki Rasayana is indicated as main line of treatment in Shwasa, Kasa roga as well as used as the Naimittika Rasayana in various other diseases like grahani, aruchi, arsha etc.
Keywords: Agastya Haritaki Rasayana, Rasayana, Naimittika Rasayana, Shwasa, Kasa