bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimentelle Untersuchung einer Dampfstrahlkälteanlage mit einem alternativen Treibmedium
Authors: Kübel‐Heising Felix , Repke Jens‐Uwe , Rädle Matthias 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUm die Effizienzsteigerung von n‐Octan gegenüber Wasser als Treibmedium in Dampfstrahlkälteanlagen zu ermitteln, wurde eine Versuchsanlage mit einer Kühlleistung von bis zu 1,5 kW aufgebaut. Als Saugmedium, sprich als Kältemedium, wurde in beiden Fällen Wasser verwendet. Aus den Druck‐ und Temperaturmessdaten konnten die beiden Massenströme, der sogenannte Treib‐ und Saugstrom, und daraus die Massenstromverhältnisse gewonnen werden. Anschließend wurde ein Vergleich des theoretischen coefficient of performance für die beiden Treibmedien im Fall des Kreislaufbetriebs durchgeführt.
A Pyropheophorbide Analogue Containing a Fused Methoxy Cyclohexenone Ring System Shows Promising Cancer‐Imaging Ability
Authors: Marko Aimee J. , Dukh Mykhaylo , Patel Nayan J. , Missert Joseph R. , Ohulchanskyy Tymish , Tabaczynski Walter A. , Ohkubo Kei , Fukuzumi Shunichi , Yao Rutao , Sajjad Munawwar , Pandey Ravindra K. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHerein we report the synthesis, photophysical properties, positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy of methyl 3‐(1′‐m‐iodobenzyloxy)ethyl‐3‐devinyl‐verdin 4 (with or without the 124I isotope). The PET imaging ability and ex vivo biodistribution of [124I]4 were compared with the well‐studied methyl [3‐(1241′‐m‐iodobenzyloxy)ethyl]‐3‐devinyl‐pyropheophorbide‐a methyl ester (PET‐ONCO or [124I]2) and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) in BALB/c mice bearing colon‐26 tumors. Whole‐body PET images of [124I]4 containing a fused methoxy cyclohexenone ring system showed excellent tumor contrast with time (72>48>24 h post‐injection). Ex vivo biodistribution results indicate that relative to the current clinical standard [18F]FDG and [124I]2 in 2 % ethanol formulation, [124I]4, at the same radioactive dose (25 μCi per mouse), showed higher tumor uptake at 24 h post‐injection and longer tumor retention. In biological environments, compound 4 showed lower fluorescence and lower singlet oxygen yield than 2, which is possibly due to higher aggregation caused by the presence of a fused cyclohexenone ring system, resulting in limited in vitro/in vivo PDT efficacy. Therefore, the chlorophyll‐a analogue [124I]4 provides easy access to a novel PET imaging agent (with no skin phototoxicity) to image cancer types—brain, renal carcinomas, pancreas—in which [18F]FDG shows limitations.
Insulinoma‐associated protein 1 is a robust nuclear immunostain for the diagnosis of small cell lung carcinoma in cytology smears
Authors: Nakra Tripti , Nambirajan Aruna , Guleria Prerna , Phulware Ravi H. , Jain Deepali 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundIn a significant percentage of patients with small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), cytology samples represent the only source of tumor tissue. Ancillary immunocytochemistry (ICC) for neuroendocrine markers is an important adjunct for the diagnosis of SCLC. Insulinoma‐associated protein 1 (INSM1) is a novel neuroendocrine marker proposed as an economical single‐marker alternative to the traditional 3‐marker panel of chromogranin, synaptophysin, and CD56. To the authors’ knowledge, limited studies have evaluated INSM1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the diagnosis of SCLC and reported high sensitivities and specificities. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of INSM1 ICC on direct smears (DS) from patients with SCLC in comparison with IHC on small biopsies (SBs).MethodsAll available DS and SBs from patients with SCLC who were diagnosed over the previous year were retrieved. Immunostaining for INSM1 was performed on alcohol‐fixed DS and formalin‐fixed SBs wherever available. A total of 10 DS and SBs from patients with non–small cell lung carcinoma were included for comparison. Nuclear staining for INSM1 in ≥1% tumor cells was interpreted as positive.ResultsAmong a total of 60 patients with SCLC who were included in the current study, a total of 37 underwent INSM1 IHC on SBs and 36 underwent INSM1 ICC on DS. ICC was noninterpretable in 3 DS due to necrosis. The sensitivity of INSM1 IHC was 97% (36 of 37 cases) whereas the sensitivity of INSM1 ICC was 91% (30 of 33 cases) for the diagnosis of SCLC. Among matched IHC and ICC results available for 11 patients, 91% of cases (10 of 11 patients) demonstrated concordant IHC‐ICC staining. All cases of non–small cell lung carcinoma were negative for INSM1 (100% specificity).ConclusionsINSM1 appears to be a robust and reliable ICC marker for the confirmation of SCLC diagnosis on cytology smears.
Effect of the Random Defects Generated on the Surface of Pt(111) on the Electro‐oxidation of Ethanol: An Electrochemical Study
Authors: Barbosa Amaury F. B. , Del Colle Vinicius , Gómez‐Marín Ana M. , Angelucci Camilo A. , Tremiliosi‐Filho Germano 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn the present work, the Pt(111) surface was disordered by controlling the density of {110}‐ and {100}‐type defects. The cyclic voltammogram (CV) of a disordered surface in acid media consists of three contributions within the hydrogen adsorption/desorption region: one from the well‐ordered Pt(111) symmetry and the other two transformed from the {111}‐symmetry with contributions of {110}‐ and {100}‐type surface defects. The ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) was studied on these disordered surfaces. Electrochemical studies were performed in 0.1 M HClO4+0.1 M ethanol using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. Changes in current densities associated to the specific potentials at which each oxidation peak appears suggest that different surface domains of disordered platinum oxidize ethanol independently. Additionally, as the surface‐defect density increases, the EOR is catalysed better. This tendency is directly observed from the CV parameters because the onset and peak potentials are shifted to less positive values and accompanied by increases in the oxidation‐peak current on disordered surfaces. Similarly, the CO oxidation striping confirmed this same tendency. Chronoamperometric experiments showed two opposite behaviors at short oxidation times (0.1 s). The EOR was quickly catalyzed on the most disordered surface, Pt(111)‐16, and was then rapidly deactivated. These results provide fundamental information on the EOR, which contributes to the atomic‐level understanding of real catalysts.
Direct Observation of Photochemical Free Radical Production from the Sunscreen 2‐Phenylbenzimidazole‐5‐Sulfonic Acid via Laser‐Interfaced Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Wong Natalie G. K. , Berenbeim Jacob A. , Dessent Caroline E. H. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe common sunscreen molecule 2‐phenylbenzimidazole‐5‐sulfonic acid (PBSA) is studied in its gas‐phase deprotonated form ([PBSA‐H]−) for the first time as an important step in achieving a better understanding of its behavior as a photosensitizer. UV laser‐interfaced mass spectrometry is employed, revealing that [PBSA‐H]− photofragments into three ionic products (m/z 208, 193, and 80) with distinctive wavelength‐dependent production profiles. Both the m/z 208 and 80 channels produce associated neutral free radical species. Collision‐induced dissociation is performed on [PBSA‐H]−, showing that its hot ground‐state dissociates only into m/z 193 (statistical fragment). Therefore, the m/z 208 and 80 fragments which are produced strongly through the UVA/UVB are characterized as non‐statistical photofragments associated with non‐ergodic excited‐state decay. Our observation of non‐statistical photofragments reveal that [PBSA‐H]− is not behaving as a model sunscreen molecule. Further, our results indicate that the T1 state, associated with photosensitization, decays with direct free radical production.
A 15‐MHz bandwidth double sampling MASH25b‐15b sigma‐delta modulator with DEM for multibit DACs
Authors: Li Di , Fei Chunlong , Zhang Qidong , Li Yani , Wu Xiaopeng , Yang Yintang 
Published: July 2019

SummaryA high SNDR discrete‐time (DT) 2‐1 MASH sigma‐delta modulator (SDM) for 15‐MHz bandwidth was presented. Cascade of integrators with feedforward (CIFF) scheme, combined with the optimized gain coefficients, was adopted to avoid of the integrators. Double sampling technique was employed to relax the OPA settling requirements by halving the clock frequency and therefore reduce the power consumption. Five‐bit flash quantizer was adopted in both stages to improve the overall signal‐to‐noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) performance, and third‐order dynamic element matching (DEM) was analyzed and applied for the multibit DACs to suppress the element mismatch noise. Fabricated in a mature 0.18‐μm CMOS technology, the occupied area of the modulator was 0.24 mm2 and dissipation power 25.4 mW from a 1.8‐V voltage supply. As a sampling rate of 240 MHz for the input sampling and DAC and 480 MHz for the flash ADC, a SNDR of 90.2 dB over 15‐MHz signal bandwidth and the corresponding effective number of bits (ENOB) of 14.69 bit were achieved. The spurious‐free dynamic range (SFDR) was 98 dB with DEM turned on for a 3.75 MHz at −2.5‐dBFS input signal, and the figure of merit (FOM) was 30.7 fJ/conv. for 15‐MHz bandwidth. A 15‐MHz bandwidth multibit MASH2‐1 discrete‐time sigma‐delta modulator was proposed. Double sampling technique was employed to relax the OPA settling requirements by halving the clock frequency and therefore reduce the power consumption. High‐order DEM was analyzed and applied for the multibit DACs to suppress the element mismatch noise. Fabricated by a 0.18‐μm CMOS process, the modulator achieved a SNDR of 90.2 dB and the corresponding ENOB 14.69 bit over 15‐MHz signal bandwidth. The proposed modulator was very suitable for wideband applications including wireless communication systems, high‐frequency biomedical imaging or sensing systems, and so on.
Secure AF relaying with efficient partial relay selection scheme
Authors: Chu Shao‐I , Liu Bing‐Hong , Nguyen Ngoc‐Tu 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThis paper evaluates the secrecy performance for the amplify‐and‐forward (AF) protocol with partial relay selection (PRS) schemes in the scenario of multiple independent but not necessarily identically distributed eavesdroppers. The secrecy performances of the first‐hop and second‐hop PRS schemes are revisited. Given the secrecy data rate, an efficient PRS scheme is presented, which selects the relay based on the instantaneous channel state information (CSI) of either the first or second hop according to the statistical CSI of two hops. The proposed PRS scheme provides the trade‐off between the two‐hop and one‐hop PRS criteria. Results show that the secrecy outage probability (SOP) performance of the proposed scheme is close to that of the conventional opportunistic relaying in the medium main‐to‐eavesdropper ratio (MER) regions. As for the intercept probability, the second‐hop scheme achieves the highest diversity order among PRS schemes and its performance depends on the overall eavesdroppers' behavior not on individual effects of the specific relay. The proposed criterion also outperforms the first‐hop PRS scheme. Simulation results finally substantiate the accuracy of the theoretical analysis.
SLLR‐MDIC: Spatial log‐likelihood multiuser detection and interference cancelation scheme for OFDM‐IDMA
Authors: Sharma Dolly , Singh Rabinder , Katiyar Himanshu 
Published: July 2019

SummaryWireless communication systems have gained huge attraction from research community, industrial, and academic field due to their significant impact on improving the communication efficiency, ease of deployment, and cost‐effective solution for real‐time communication. In this field of wireless communication, cellular communications have grown rapidly due to their daily usages and advantages. This increased demand of cellular communication systems has led to the evolution of 3G, 4G, and 5G communication systems, which in turn demands for higher efficiency and better bandwidth utilization. Due to heavy usage of network communication, multiple users may cause interference which subsequently may lead to the performance degradation which could be addressed using multiuser detection scheme. However, several schemes have been introduced for improving the system performance, but multiple access (MA) still remains a challenging task. Hence, in this work, we present a novel approach called Spatial Log‐Likelihood Multiuser Detection and Interference Cancelation (SLLR‐MDIC) that uses interleaving division multiple access (IDMA) to improve the communication and developed a multiuser detection approach using spatial log‐likelihood ratios. Further, we have developed orthogonal frequency‐division multiple access (OFDM)–IDMA‐based interference cancelation scheme in multiple access to improve the performance using rake receiver based approach. The performance of SLLR‐MDIC scheme is compared with existing techniques of multiuser detection in terms of bit‐error rate (BER) and symbol error rate (SER). The experimental analysis shows that proposed approach achieves improved performance when compared with existing techniques.
Primary salivary gland‐type tumors of the tracheobronchial tree diagnosed by transbronchial fine needle aspiration: Clinical and cytomorphologic features with histopathologic correlation
Authors: Doxtader Erika E. , Shah Akeesha A. , Zhang Yaxia , Wang He , Dyhdalo Kathryn S. , Farver Carol 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundPrimary salivary gland‐type tumors of the tracheobronchial tree are rare; their cytologic features have been seldom reported. We aim to describe the clinical and cytomorphologic features of tracheobronchial salivary gland‐type tumors diagnosed by transbronchial fine needle aspiration (TBNA) at our institution, and correlate the findings with a corresponding surgical specimen.MethodsWe searched our laboratory information system to identify patients with a primary salivary gland‐type neoplasm of the tracheobronchial tree diagnosed by TBNA and with a corresponding surgical pathology specimen, over 10 years.ResultsThe study cohort consisted of 11 patients (7F/4M; mean age 58 years, range 41‐78). Presenting symptoms included hemoptysis (4), cough (3), dyspnea (1), stridor (1), and shoulder pain (1). Most had a tracheal mass (5), while 3 had mainstem bronchi masses and 3 had lung masses. Radiographically, the masses were lobulated, rounded, or polypoid in six patients. All underwent TBNA with a 21‐ or 22‐gauge needle and endobronchial biopsy. The most frequent diagnosis was adenoid cystic carcinoma (4/11, 36%), followed by mucoepidermoid carcinoma (3/11, 27%), epithelial‐myoepithelial carcinoma (2/11, 18%), oncocytoma (1/11, 9%), and hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma, salivary gland type (1/11, 9%). The surgical pathology specimens confirmed the diagnosis in all cases.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is one of the largest cytomorphologic studies of primary salivary gland tumors of the tracheobronchial tree in the literature. Salivary gland tumors of the tracheobronchial tree are rare, and recognizing cytomorphologic changes that occur in salivary gland‐type tumors is important for establishing a definitive diagnosis.
Distinct two different ages associated with clinical profiles of acute onset type 1 diabetes in Chinese patients
Authors: Luo Shuoming , Li Xia , Huang Gan , Xie Zhiguo , Xiang Yufei , Dai Zhijie , Lin Jian , Zhou Zhiguang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere are abundant variations in the phenotypes and genetics of type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients across different races. This study aimed to assess differences between juvenile acute onset (JAO) and adult acute onset in Chinese T1D patients.MethodsSeven hundred and fifty‐one acute onset T1D patients were divided into two groups by the patient onset age as follows: the juvenile acute onset group (≤20 years, JAO group) and the adult acute onset group (>20 years, AAO group). Clinical characteristics, islet autoantibodies, and HLA class II haplotypes and genotypes were compared between these two groups.ResultsIn comparison with AAO patients, JAO patients had significantly lower relative weights and lower triglyceride levels (P < .001, P < .01, respectively) but higher frequency of ketoacidosis (P < .001), higher daily insulin dosage (Pc < .001), higher HbA1c (Pc < .05), and higher HDL‐cholesterol levels (Pc < .01). The JAO group showed a higher prevalence of IA‐2A, ZnT8A, and multiple autoantibodies than that in the AAO group (P < .001, P < .01, P < .001, respectively). Haplotypes for DRB1*0301‐DQA1*03‐DQB1*0201, DR3, DR4, DR9, and DR3/DR9 genotypes are highly associated with JAO susceptibility, whereas only DR3 and DR9 genotypes confer risk for AAO. In the JAO group but not the AAO group, DR3 is related to ZnT8A, and DR3/DR9 is related to IA‐2A and multiple autoantibodies.ConclusionsThese observations suggest that JAO patients markedly differ from AAO patients in their clinical manifestations and genetics in the Chinese T1D population. Notably, the DR3/DR9 genotype can facilitate the appearance of IA‐2A or multiple autoantibodies in JAO patients.
The development and validation of the muscularity‐oriented eating test: A novel measure of muscularity‐oriented disordered eating
Authors: Murray Stuart B. , Brown Tiffany A. , Blashill Aaron J. , Compte Emilio J. , Lavender Jason M. , Mitchison Deborah , Mond Jonathan M. , Keel Pamela K. , Nagata Jason M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveBody dissatisfaction is intricately linked to the development of disordered eating. However, as male body dissatisfaction appears more oriented toward muscularity, versus thinness per se, existing measures of eating disorder psychopathology may lack sensitivity in capturing disordered eating that is muscularity‐focused. The aim of the present study was to develop a specific measure of muscularity‐oriented disordered eating—the muscularity‐oriented eating test (MOET).MethodCandidate items were generated and refined in consultation with eating disorder‐focused researchers and focus groups of men with eating disorders. Examination of the MOET comprised two studies, consisting of 511 undergraduate men, divided into two component samples. In Study 1 (n = 307), candidate items were generated and refined via exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was then used to confirm the single factor structure in Study 2 (n = 204).ResultsEFA revealed a 15‐item single factor structure, which was later confirmed through CFA in a separate sample of undergraduate men. Furthermore, the MOET yielded evidence of internal consistency (Study 1: omega = 0.93, 95% CI [0.91, 0.94]; Study 2: omega = 0.92, 95% CI [0.90, 0.93]), 7‐day (Study 1) and 21‐days (Study 2) test‐retest correlation (rs = .75, for Study 1 and 2) and convergent and divergent validity.DiscussionThe MOET represents a psychometrically sound, novel measure of muscularity‐oriented disordered eating. Future research should examine its utility in clinical samples and research into muscularity‐oriented disordered eating.
Estimating seed dispersal distance: A comparison of methods using animal movement and plant genetic data on two primate‐dispersed Neotropical plant species
Authors: Gelmi‐Candusso Tiziana A. , Bialozyt Ronald , Slana Darja , Zárate Gómez Ricardo , Heymann Eckhard W. , Heer Katrin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Seed dispersal distance (SDD) critically influences the survival of seedlings, spatial patterns of genetic diversity within plant populations, and gene flow among plant populations. In animal‐dispersed species, foraging behavior and movement patterns determine SDD. Direct observations of seed dispersal events by animals in natural plant populations are mostly constrained by the high mobility and low visibility of seed dispersers. Therefore, diverse alternative methods are used to estimate seed dispersal distance, but direct comparisons of these approaches within the same seed dispersal system are mostly missing.

We investigated two plant species with different life history traits, Leonia cymosa and Parkia panurensis, exclusively dispersed by two tamarin species, Saguinus mystax and Leontocebus nigrifrons. We compared SDD estimates obtained from direct observations, genetic identification of mother plants from seed coats, parentage analysis of seedlings/saplings, and phenomenological and mechanistic modeling approaches.

SDD derived from the different methods ranged between 158 and 201 m for P. panurensis and between 178 and 318 m for L. cymosa. In P. panurensis, the modeling approaches resulted in moderately higher estimates than observations and genotyping of seed coats. In L. cymosa, parentage analysis resulted in a lower estimate than all other methods. Overall, SDD estimates for P. panurensis (179 ± 16 m; mean ± SD) were significantly lower than for L. cymosa (266 ± 59 m; mean ± SD).

Differences among methods were related to processes of the seed dispersal loop integrated by the respective methods (e.g., seed deposition or seedling distribution). We discuss the merits and limitations of each method and highlight the aspects to be considered when comparing SDD derived from different methodologies. Differences among plant species were related to differences in reproductive traits influencing gut passage time and feeding behavior, highlighting the importance of plant traits on animal‐mediated seed dispersal distance.
Behavioral modifications lead to disparate demographic consequences in two sympatric species
Authors: Tanner Evan P. , Orange Jeremy P. , Davis Craig A. , Elmore R. Dwayne , Fuhlendorf Samuel D. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLife‐history theory suggests species that typically have a large number of offspring and high adult mortality may make decisions that benefit offspring survival in exchange for increased adult risks. Such behavioral adaptations are essential to understanding how demographic performance is linked to habitat selection during this important life‐history stage. Though studies have illustrated negative fitness consequences to attendant adults or potential fitness benefits to associated offspring because of adaptive habitat selection during brood rearing, equivocal relationships could arise if both aspects of this reproductive trade‐off are not assessed simultaneously. To better understand how adaptive habitat selection during brood rearing influences demographics, we studied the brood survival, attendant parental survival, and space use of two sympatric ground‐nesting bird species, the northern bobwhite (hereafter: “bobwhite”; Colinus virgininanus) and scaled quail (Callipepla squamata). During the 2013–2014 breeding seasons, we estimated habitat suitability across two grains (2 m and 30 m) for both species and determined how adult space use of these areas influenced individual chick survival and parental risk. We found the proportion of a brood's home range containing highly suitable areas significantly increased bobwhite chick survival (β = 0.02, SE = 0.006). Additionally, adult weekly survival for bobwhite was greater for individuals not actively brooding offspring (0.9716, SE = 0.0054) as compared to brooding adults (0.8928, SE = 0.0006). Conversely, brood habitat suitability did not influence scaled quail chick survival during our study, nor did we detect a survival cost for adults that were actively brooding offspring. Our research illustrates the importance of understanding life‐history strategies and how they might influence relationships between adaptive habitat selection and demographic parameters.