bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long noncoding RNA DGCR5 suppresses gastric cancer progression by acting as a competing endogenous RNA of PTEN and BTG1
Authors: Xu Ying , Zhang Guohua , Zou Chen , Gong Zhigang , Wang Sijia , Liu Jun , Ma Gui , Liu Xiaogu , Zhang Wenbo , Jiang Pengcheng 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLong noncoding RNA (lncRNA) DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 5 (DGCR5) has been reported to correlate with a variety of cancers, with its expression pattern and potential mechanism not clarified in gastric cancer (GC). In this study, we demonstrated that DGCR5 was downregulated in cancerous tissues and plasma samples from patients with GC, and its downregulation was associated with advanced TNM stage and positive lymphatic metastasis. Plasma DGCR5 had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.722 for diagnosis of GC. Gain‐ and loss‐of‐function of DGCR5 revealed that DGCR5 functioned as a competing endogenous RNA for miR‐23b to suppress GC cell proliferation, invasion and migration, and facilitate apoptosis by regulating PTEN and BTG1 in vitro. Furthermore, the overexpression of DGCR5 suppressed tumor growth, and inhibited the expression of miR‐23b and proliferation antigen Ki‐67, but increased the expression of PTEN and BTG1 in vivo. In conclusion, our results show that DGCR5 is a tumor‐suppressive lncRNA that regulates PTEN and BTG1 expression through directly binding to miR‐23b. This mechanism may contribute to a better understanding of GC pathogenesis and provide a potential therapeutic strategy for GC.
Dynamin‐related protein 1: A critical protein in the pathogenesis of neural system dysfunctions and neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Qi Zhihao , Huang Zhen , Xie Feng , Chen Linxi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMitochondria play a key role in the maintenance of neuronal function by continuously providing energy. Here, we will give a detailed review about the recent developments in regards to dynamin‐related protein 1 (Drp1) induced unbalanced mitochondrial dynamics, excessive mitochondrial division, and neuronal injury in neural system dysfunctions and neurodegenerative diseases, including the Drp1 knockout induced mice embryonic death, the dysfunction of the Drp1‐dependent mitochondrial division induced neuronal cell apoptosis and impaired neuronal axonal transportation, the abnormal interaction between Drp1 and amyloid β (Aβ) in Alzheimer's disease (AD), the mutant Huntingtin (Htt) in Huntington's disease (HD), and the Drp1‐associated pathogenesis of other neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Drp1 is required for mitochondrial division determining the size, shape, distribution, and remodeling as well as maintaining of mitochondrial integrity in mammalian cells. In addition, increasing reports indicate that the Drp1 is involved in some cellular events of neuronal cells causing some neural system dysfunctions and neurodegenerative diseases, including impaired mitochondrial dynamics, apoptosis, and several posttranslational modification induced increased mitochondrial divisions. Recent studies also revealed that the Drp1 can interact with Aβ, phosphorylated τ, and mutant Htt affecting the mitochondrial shape, size, distribution, axonal transportation, and energy production in the AD and HD neuronal cells. These changes can affect the health of mitochondria and the function of synapses causing neuronal injury and eventually leading to the dysfunction of memory, cognitive impairment, resting tremor, posture instability, involuntary movements, and progressive muscle atrophy and paralysis in patients.
Autophagic, apoptotic, and necrotic cancer cell fates triggered by acidic pH microenvironment
Authors: Rabiee Shadi , Tavakol Shima , Barati Mahmoud , Joghataei Mohammad Taghi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCancer as a multifactorial and smart disease is now considered a challenging problem. Despite many investigations on drug discovery, it remains incurable, in part, due to insufficient understanding of its special mechanisms. For the first time, we collaterally investigated the effect of acidosis on the contribution of apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy in MDA‐MB 231 cells. Our data showed that necrosis, apoptosis, and intracellular reactive oxygen species production drastically decreased from 48 to 72 hr while cell viability and autophagy increased along with a gap between the percentages. Eventually, the decrease of necrosis and apoptosis was related to upregulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and fatty acid synthetase, respectively. It seems that at the early stage of cancer progression, apoptosis is the main mechanism of cell mortality and afterward autophagy would be the main mechanism of cell survival. Therefore, at the acute phase of cancer, apoptotic inducer medications would be effective while at the chronic phase of cancer progression, autophagy inhibitor medication would be added as well. This eventually means that autophagy acts as both cell death and survival mechanisms at the onset of cancer progression with the approach towards cell survival. Besides other unknown cell survival mechanisms are involved in cell viability, except for apoptosis and necrosis inhibition and autophagy improvement. This study reiterates the inefficaciousness of autophagy inhibitor's medication at the onset of disease. It also emphasizes discovering other cell death mechanisms for cancer cell adaptation at the onset of disease with the aim of their targeting in cancer invasion therapy.
Diosmetin inhibits osteoclast formation and differentiation and prevents LPS‐induced osteolysis in mice
Authors: Shao Siyuan , Fu Fangsheng , Wang Ziyi , Song Fangming , Li Chen , Wu Zuo‐xing , Ding Jiaxing , Li Kai , Xiao Yu , Su Yiji , Lin Xixi , Yuan Guixin , Zhao Jinmin , Liu Qian , Xu Jiake 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOsteolytic bone diseases are closely linked to the over‐activation of osteoclasts and enhancement of bone resorption. It has become a major health issue in orthopedic practice worldwide. Inhibition of osteoclasts is proposed to be the main treatment for osteolytic disorders. Diosmetin (DIO) is a natural flavonoid with properties of antioxidant, anti‐infection, and antishock. The effect of DIO on osteoclast differentiation is poorly understood. In this study project, we found that DIO could inhibit osteoclastic formation induced by receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐B ligand (RANKL) in a dose‐dependent manner. The expression of the osteoclast differentiation marker genes, cathepsin K, nuclear factor of activated T‐cells 1 (NFATc1), Acp5, Ctr, Atp6v0d2, and Mmp9 were also decreased by the treatment of DIO. In addition, DIO attenuated the formation of actin ring and the ability of bone resorption. Further, the western blotting showed that DIO inhibits the phosphorylation of the mitogen‐activated protein kinases signaling pathway induced by RANKL, accompanied by the downregulation of NFATc1 and c‐Fos expression. We also found that DIO could reduce the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by RANKL. In vivo, the study revealed that DIO can significantly reduce LPS‐induced osteolysis in mice. Collectively, our study shows that DIO can inhibit osteoclast formation and activation, and could serve as a potential therapeutic drug for osteolytic bone diseases.
Notch1 provides myocardial protection by improving mitochondrial quality control
Authors: Zhou Xue‐Liang , Wu Xia , Xu Qi‐Rong , Zhu Rong‐Rong , Xu Hua , Li Yun‐Yun , Liu Sheng , Huang Huang , Xu Xinping , Wan Li , Wu Qi‐Cai , Liu Ji‐Chun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMitochondrial quality control is a new target for myocardial protection. Notch signaling plays an important role in heart development, maturation, and repair. However, the role of Notch in the myocardial mitochondrial quality control remains elusive. In this study, we isolated myocardial cells from rats and established myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) model. We modulated Notch1 expression level in myocardial cells via infection with recombinant adenoviruses Ad‐N1ICD and Ad‐shN1ICD. We found that IR reduced myocardial cells viability, but Notch1 overexpression increased the viability of myocardial cells exposed to IRI. In addition, Notch1 overexpression improved ATP production, increased mitochondrial fusion and decreased mitochondrial fission, and inhibited mitophagy in myocardial cells exposed to IRI. However, N1ICD knockdown led to opposite effects. The myocardial protection role of Notch1 was related to the inhibition of Pink1 expression and Mfn2 and Parkin phosphorylation. In conclusion, Notch1 exerts myocardial protection and this is correlated with the maintenance of mitochondrial quality control and the inhibition of Pink1/Mfn2/Parkin signaling.
Adipose‐derived stem cells for wound healing
Authors: Hassanshahi Alireza , Hassanshahi Mohammadhossein , Khabbazi Samira , Hosseini‐Khah Zahra , Peymanfar Yaser , Ghalamkari Saman , Su Yu‐Wen , Xian Cory J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWound healing is a complex but a fine‐tuned biological process in which human skin has the ability to regenerate itself following damage. However, in particular conditions such as deep burn or diabetes the process of wound healing is compromised. Despite investigations on the potency of a wide variety of stem cells for wound healing, adipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs) seem to possess the least limitations for clinical applications, and literature showed that ASCs can improve the process of wound healing very likely by promoting angiogenesis and/or vascularisation, modulating immune response, and inducing epithelialization in the wound. In the present review, advantages and disadvantages of various stem cells which can be used for promoting wound healing are discussed. In addition, potential mechanisms of action by which ASCs may accelerate wound healing are summarised. Finally, clinical studies applying ASCs for wound healing and the associated limitations are reviewed.
Enhanced nitrogen removal and in situ microbial community in a two‐step feed oxic/anoxic/oxic‐membrane bioreactor (O/A/O‐MBR) process
Authors: Li Ning , Zeng Wei , Miao Zhijia , Wang Baogui , Li Zaixing , Peng Yongzhen 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe carbon in raw sewage can be reclaimed to reduce nitrate for the advanced denitrification in municipal wastewater treatment plants. A novel two‐step feed oxic/anoxic/oxic‐membrane bioreactor (O/A/O‐MBR) process was proposed to improve carbon‐use efficiency.RESULTSThe flow distribution ratio (FDR), aeration mode and hydraulic loading were optimized to minimize the effluent total nitrogen (TN) concentration. When the FDR was 1:1, the intermittent aeration mode was 4 min air‐on/6 min air‐off and the influent flow was 5 L h−1, the nitrate removal efficiency in the post‐denitrification tank rose to 87.0% and the effluent TN concentration decreased below 15.0 mg L−1. The intermittent aeration strategy in the post oxic‐membrane tank effectively promoted TN loss. The 15N‐DNA based stable isotope probing experiment illustrated that Proteobacteria (35.09%), Actinobacteria (20.56%) and Chloroflexi (16.67%) dominated the intermittently aerated biofilm, and Nitrospira (9.06%) was the major nitrite oxidizing bacteria rather than Nitrobacter, representing a dominant simultaneous nitrification and denitrification pathway for nitrogen removal.CONCLUSIONThe integration of autotrophic nitrifying bacteria and heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria enhances the terminal TN removal under intermittent aeration mode. The two‐step feed O/A/O‐MBR process has the potential to solve carbon limitation in sewage wastewater treatment. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
On ‐connected graphs
Authors: Durand de Gevigney Olivier , Szigeti Zoltán 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA graph is called ‐connected if is ‐edge‐connected and is ‐edge‐connected for every vertex . The study of ‐connected graphs is motivated by a theorem of Thomassen [J. Combin. Theory Ser. A 110 (2015), pp. 67–78] (that was a conjecture of Frank [SIAM J. Discrete Math. 5 (1992), no. 1, pp. 25–53]), which states that a graph has a ‐vertex‐connected orientation if and only if it is (2,2)‐connected. In this paper, we provide a construction of the family of ‐connected graphs for even, which generalizes the construction given by Jordán [J. Graph Theory 52 (2006), pp. 217–229] for (2,2)‐connected graphs. We also solve the corresponding connectivity augmentation problem: given a graph and an integer , what is the minimum number of edges to be added to make ‐connected. Both these results are based on a new splitting‐off theorem for ‐connected graphs.
Maximizing the mean subtree order
Authors: Mol Lucas , Oellermann Ortrud R. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis article focuses on properties and structures of trees with maximum mean subtree order in a given family; such trees are called optimal in the family. Our main goal is to describe the structure of optimal trees in and , the families of all trees and caterpillars, respectively, of order . We begin by establishing a powerful tool called the Gluing Lemma, which is used to prove several of our main results. In particular, we show that if is an optimal tree in or for , then every leaf of is adjacent to a vertex of degree at least . We also use the Gluing Lemma to answer an open question of Jamison and to provide a conceptually simple proof of Jamison's result that the path has minimum mean subtree order among all trees of order . We prove that if is optimal in , then the number of leaves in is and that if is optimal in , then the number of leaves in is . Along the way, we describe the asymptotic structure of optimal trees in several narrower families of trees.
Incorporating digital anorectal examinations for anal cancer screening into routine HIV care for men who have sex with men living with HIV: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Ong Jason J , Walker Sandra , Grulich Andrew , Hoy Jennifer , Read Tim RH , Bradshaw Catriona , Chen Marcus , Garland Suzanne M , Hillman Richard , Templeton David J , Hocking Jane , Eu Beng , Tee Bian Kiem , Chow Eric P F , Fairley Christopher K 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIntroductionMen who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV have a high risk of anal cancer, which is often detected at late stages, when morbidity and mortality are high. The objective of this study was to describe the feasibility and challenges to incorporating regular digital anorectal examination (DARE) into routine HIV care for MSM living with HIV, from the perspective of patients, physicians and the health service.MethodsIn 2014, we recruited 327 MSM living with HIV, aged 35 and above from one major sexual health centre (n = 187), two high HIV caseload general practices (n = 118) and one tertiary hospital (n = 22) in Melbourne, Australia. Men were followed up for two years and DARE was recommended at baseline, year 1 and year 2. Data were collected regarding patient and physician experience, and health service use. An ordered logit model was used to assess the relationship between sociodemographic factors and the number of DAREs performed.ResultsMean age of men was 51 (SD ± 9) years, 69% were Australian born, 32% current smokers, and mean CD4 was 630 (SD ± 265) cells per mm3, with no significant differences between clinical sites. Overall, 232 (71%) men received all three DAREs, 71 (22%) received two DAREs, and 24 (7%) had one DARE. Adverse outcomes were rarely reported: anal pain (1.2% of total DAREs), bleeding (0.8%) and not feeling in control of their body during the examination (1.6%). Of 862 DAREs performed, 33 (3.8%) examinations resulted in a referral to a colorectal surgeon. One Stage 1 anal cancer was detected.ConclusionIncorporation of an early anal cancer detection programme into routine HIV clinical care for MSM living with HIV showed high patient acceptability, uncommon adverse outcomes and specialist referral patterns similar to other cancer screening programmes.
Death, TIR, and RHIM: Self-assembling domains involved in innate immunity and cell-death signaling
Authors: Nanson Jeffrey D , Kobe Bostjan , Ve Thomas 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe innate immune system consists of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that detect pathogen- and endogenous danger-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs and DAMPs), initiating signaling pathways that lead to the induction of cytokine expression, processing of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and induction of cell-death responses. An emerging concept in these pathways and associated processes is signaling by cooperative assembly formation (SCAF), which involves formation of higher order oligomeric complexes, and enables rapid and strongly amplified signaling responses to minute amounts of stimulus. Many of these signalosomes assemble through homotypic interactions of members of the death-fold (DF) superfamily, Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domains, or the RIP homotypic interaction motifs (RHIM). We review the current understanding of the structure and function of these domains and their molecular interactions with a particular focus on higher order assemblies.We review the structure and function of domains involved in signaling by cooperative assembly formation (SCAF) in innate immunity and cell-death pathways.
Multidimensional vertebral endplate defects are associated with disc degeneration, modic changes, facet joint abnormalities, and pain
Authors: Zehra Uruj , Cheung Jason Pui Yin , Bow Cora , Lu William , Samartzis Dino 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTThe aim of the current study was to investigate the multi‐dimensional characteristics of lumbar endplate defects in humans in relation to disc degeneration and other MRI phenotypes as well as their role with pain and disability. A total of 108 subjects were recruited and underwent 3T MRI of the lumbar spine. Structural endplate defects were identified and their dimensions were measured in terms of maximum width and depth, and were then standardized to the actual width of the endplate and depth of the vertebral body, respectively. Both width and depth of all endplate defects in each subject were added separately and scores were assigned on the basis of size from 1 to 3. Combining both scores provided “cumulative endplate defect scores.” Disc degeneration scores, Modic changes, disc displacement, HIZ, and facet joint changes were assessed. Subject demographics, pain profile, and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were also obtained. Endplate defects were observed in 67.5% of the subjects and in 13.5% of the endplates. All dimensions of endplate defects showed significance with disc degenerative scores, Modic changes, and posterior disc displacement (p < 0.05). Maximum width (p = 0.009) and its standardized value (p = 0.02), and cumulative endplate defect scores (p = 0.004) increased with narrow facet joints. Cumulative endplate defect scores showed a strong positive association with ODI (p < 0.05) compared to disc degenerative scores. Large size endplate defects were strongly associated with degenerative spine changes and more back‐related disability. Findings from this study stress the need to assess endplate findings from a multi‐dimensional perspective, whose role may have clinical utility. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
The Effect of Duration of Amidation of Fatty Acids with Diethanolamine on the Surfactant Properties
Authors: Yanovsky Viacheslav A. , Andropov Mikhail O. , Fakhrislamova Regina S. , Churkin Ruslan A. , Minaev Konstantin M. , Yanovskaya Elena A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe effects of the duration of direct amidation of fatty acids (FA) with diethanolamine on the composition of the products obtained, their surface‐active properties, and ability to stabilize water‐in‐oil emulsions are studied using the example of tall oil distillate. A certain range of synthesis time that corresponds to the maximum content of diethanolamides in the reaction products, and, as a consequence, the highest surface‐active and emulsifying properties of the products is shown to exist. An increase in the synthesis duration time leads to a deterioration of these properties due to accumulation of the products of secondary reactions. A new mechanism of the amidation process that includes secondary transformations of diethanolamine and its condensation products with FA into 1,4‐bis(2‐hydroxyethyl)piperazine derivatives is proposed. The structures of by‐products are confirmed using high‐performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS), infrared (IR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy methods. It is concluded that the acid value of the product as well as the amount of water released during the synthesis cannot serve as a reliable criterion for completion of the process.
Preparation of allyl isothiocyanate nanoparticles, their anti‐inflammatory activity towards RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and anti‐proliferative effect on HT1376 bladder cancer cells
Authors: Chang Wei‐Jung , Chen Bing‐Huei , Inbaraj Baskaran Stephen , Chien John‐Tung 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDAllyl isothiocyanate (AITC), a volatile and water‐insoluble compound present in several cruciferous vegetables, has been shown to possess several biological qualities such as anti‐bacterial, anti‐fungal, and anti‐cancer activity. In this study, water‐soluble allyl isothiocyanate nanoparticles (AITC‐NPs) were prepared by oil dispersed in water (O/W) microemulsion and complex coacervation techniques and evaluated for their anti‐inflammatory activity towards macrophage cell RAW 264.7 and anti‐cancer effect on human bladder cancer cell HT1376.RESULTSThe AITC‐NPs with a particle size of 9.4 nm were stable during heating up to 110 °C or three freeze‐thawing cycles. No significant cytotoxicity was shown on Caco‐2 and intestine epithelial IEC‐6 cells at AITC‐NP doses ranging from 0.25 to 2 g L−1 (8.75–70 mg L−1 AITC). However, at 2 g L−1 dosage, AITC‐NPs could inhibit the growth of human bladder cancer cells HT1376 by 90%, while their low dosage at 0.25 g L−1 could inhibit migration ability by 83.7, 71.3, 58.4 and 31.4% after 4, 8, 12, and 24 h of incubation, respectively. Compared to AITC and NPs, AITC‐NPs showed a better inhibition on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced TNF‐α, IL‐6, NO and iNOS production in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells.CONCLUSIONThe results demonstrate the potential of AITC‐NPs as therapeutic agents for the treatment of bladder cancer and the enhancement of immune function. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry