bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography for the characterisation of focal liver lesions
Authors: Bagley Jennifer E. , Paul Dennis E. , Halferty Sutton , DiGiacinto Dora 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFocal liver lesions often occur with or without an underlying liver disease. Contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography can aid in characterising liver lesions, potentially avoiding biopsy and computed tomography procedures. Contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography has a high sensitivity and specificity for differentiating characteristics of liver lesions compared with noncontrast sonography. The different contrast characteristics aid in differentiating benign and malignant lesions. Malignant lesions tend to have washout of contrast in the venous phases, whereas benign lesions have hyperenhancement during the venous phases. Therefore, contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography should be considered an essential component of the diagnostic process for diagnosing and following focal liver lesions.
Tolerance requirements for flange connections in wind turbine support structures
Authors: Seidel Marc 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHerstellungstoleranzen von Flanschverbindungen für Tragstrukturen von Windenergieanlagen. Ebenheitstoleranzen geschraubter Ringflanschverbindungen sind oftmals Gegenstand technischer Diskussionen. Die derzeit verwendeten Grenzwerte wurden vor etwa 10–15 Jahren festgelegt und die Anwendung derselben Werte für deutlich größere Abmessungen aktueller Flanschverbindungen wird häufig in Frage gestellt. In diesem Beitrag werden die aktuellen Werte vor ihrem historischen Hintergrund dargestellt und eine Methode zur Anpassung der Werte basierend auf den die Klaffung schließenden Spannungen wird vorgeschlagen.
Development of mazF-based markerless genome editing system and metabolic pathway engineering in Candida tropicalis for producing long-chain dicarboxylic acids
Authors: Wang Junqing , Peng Jian , Fan Han , Xiu Xiang , Xue Le , Wang Lei , Su Jing , Yang Xiaohui , Wang Ruiming 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Candida tropicalis can grow with alkanes or plant oils as the sole carbon source, and its industrial application thus has great potential. However, the choice of a suitable genetic operating system can effectively increase the speed of metabolic engineering. MazF functions as an mRNA interferase that preferentially cleaves single-stranded mRNAs at ACA sequences to inhibit protein synthesis, leading to cell growth arrest. Here, we constructed a suicide plasmid named pPICPJ-mazF that uses the mazF gene of Escherichia coli as a counterselectable marker for the markerless editing of C. tropicalis genes to increase the rate of conversion of oils into long-chain dicarboxylic acids. To reduce the β-oxidation of fatty acids, the carnitine acetyltransferase gene (CART) was deleted using the gene editing system, and the yield of long-chain acids from the strain was increased to 8.27 g/L. By two homologous single exchanges, the promoters of both the cytochrome P450 gene and the NADPH–cytochrome P450 reductase gene were subsequently replaced by the constitutively expressed promoter pGAP, and the production of long-chain dicarboxylic acids by the generated strain (C. tropicalis PJPP1702) reached 11.39 g/L. The results of fed-batch fermentation showed that the yield of long-chain acids from the strain was further increased to 32.84 g/L, which was 11.4 times higher than that from the original strain. The results also showed that the pPICPJ-mazF-based markerless editing system may be more suited for completing the genetic editing of C. tropicalis.
Dynamic Non-parametric Monitoring of Air-Pollution
Authors: Bersimis Sotiris , Triantafyllopoulos Kostas 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAir pollution poses a major problem in modern cities, as it has a significant effect in poor quality of life of the general population. Many recent studies link excess levels of major air pollutants with health-related incidents, in particular respiratory-related diseases. This introduces the need for city pollution on-line monitoring to enable quick identification of deviations from “normal” pollution levels, and providing useful information to public authorities for public protection. This article considers dynamic monitoring of pollution data (output of multivariate processes) using Kalman filters and multivariate statistical process control techniques. A state space model is used to define the in-control process dynamics, involving trend and seasonality. Distribution-free monitoring of the residuals of that model is proposed, based on binomial-type and generalised binomial-type statistics as well as on rank statistics. We discuss the general problem of detecting a change in pollutant levels that affects either the entire city (globally) or specific sub-areas (locally). The proposed methodology is illustrated using data, consisting of ozone, nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide collected over the air-quality monitoring network of Athens.
Refractive Index Sensor Based on Fano Resonances in Plasmonic Waveguide With Dual Side-Coupled Ring Resonators
Authors: Zhang Xuewei , Qi Yunping , Zhou Peiyang , Gong Hanhan , Hu Bingbing , Yan Chunman 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
A refractive index sensor based on Fano resonances in metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguides coupled with rectangular and dual side rings resonators is proposed. The sensing properties are numerically simulated by the finite element method (FEM). For the interaction of the narrow-band spectral response and the broadband spectral response caused by the side-coupled resonators and the rectangular resonator, respectively, the transmission spectra exhibit a sharp and asymmetric profile. Results are analyzed using the coupled-mode theory based on the transmission line theory. The coupled mode theory is employed to explain the Fano resonance effect. The results show that with an increase in the refractive index of the fill dielectric material in the slot of the system, the Fano resonance peak exhibits a remarkable red shift. Through the optimization of structural parameters, we achieve a theoretical value of the refractive index sensitivity (S) as high as 1160 nm/RIU, and the corresponding sensing resolution is 8.62 × 10–5 RIU. In addition, the coupled MIM waveguide structure can be easily extended to other similar compact structures to realize the sensing task and integrated with other photonic devices at the chip scale. This work paves the way toward the sensitive nanometer scale refractive index sensor for design and application.
Challenges for conducting and teaching handovers as collaborative conversations: an interview study at teaching ICUs
Authors: Leenstra Nico F. , Johnson Addie , Jung Oliver C. , Holman Nicole D. , Hofstra Lieuwe S. , Tulleken Jaap E. 
Published: September 2018

Introduction Whereas medical shift handovers are increasingly recognized to fulfil important functions beyond information transfer, studies suggest that shift handovers continue to be variably used for reflection, learning or discussion. Little is known of the dynamics of incorporating such functions into ICU shift handovers, resulting in a challenge for the design of educational programs whose underlying philosophies align with the specific requirements of the ICU.
Methods Intensivists, residents and fellows (n = 21) from three ICUs were interviewed to determine perceptions of handover functionality and the boundaries to what must or can be achieved in handover conversations. Interviews were analyzed to isolate training requirements and factors that challenge interactions.
Results The analysis revealed that ICU physicians value three functions for shift handovers: information transfer, enhancing shared understanding and decision-making, and learning. The functions towards which physicians are oriented were found to be affected by situational characteristics of cases, individuals, teams, and the unit workflow. Whereas some factors are helpful cues for determining communication needs, others raise dilemmas and misaligned expectations with regards to what can be achieved in the handover.
Discussion Our findings add to the growing case for the education of handovers in complex settings to involve more than information transfers. As residents gain experience, training should be gradually shifted towards more fluid and adaptable approaches to the handover and residents’ ability to engage in joint reflections and discussions.
Transnational Labour Governance: A Critical Review of Proposals for Linkage through the Lens of the Rana Plaza Collapse in Bangladesh
Authors: Khan Zobaida 
Published: September 2018

AbstractExploitative working conditions in the factories of developing countries like Bangladesh have fueled scholarly arguments for linking labour governance through trade/economic cooperation agreements/arrangements. This article argues that despite rich theoretical analyses of the structural form of these trade/economic-labour linkage mechanisms, less attention has been paid to the conceptualizations of “the social,” which tend to be narrow. These conceptualizations yield a restrictive approach to labour governance, maintaining a sharp difference between fundamental and redistributive approaches to transnational labour law. This approach may focus only on workers engaged in exporting sectors; defend individualized, civil, and political rights; weaken the participation of non-state actors in factory monitoring; and accentuate voluntary forms of corporate responsibility. Referring to some of the challenges in the transnational governance mechanisms launched after the collapse of Rana Plaza, this article argues that it is necessary to consider the aggregate effects of labour deregulation and the distributional problems of labour.
Toddlers map the word ‘good’ to helping agents, but not to fair distributors
Authors: FRANCHIN Laura , SAVAZZI Federica , NEIRA-GUTIERREZ Isabel Cristina , SURIAN Luca 
Published: September 2018

AbstractInfants begin to understand some of the meanings of the adjective good at around thirteen months, but it is not clear when they start to map it to concepts in the moral domain. We investigated infants’ and toddlers’ knowledge of good in the domains of help and fairness. Participants at 20 and 30 months were shown computer animations involving helpful and hindering agents, or agents who performed fair or unfair distributions, and were asked to “pick the good one”. Toddlers at 30 months took good as referring to helping, but not to the fair agents. However, when asked “to pick one”, they choose the fair distributor. These findings suggest that by 30 months toddlers have started to map good to some socio-moral features, such as a helping disposition, but not to fairness in distributive actions.
Interior of sums of planar sets and curves
Authors: SIMON KÁROLY , TAYLOR KRYSTAL 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRecently, considerable attention has been given to the study of the arithmetic sum of two planar sets. We focus on understanding the interior (A + Γ)°, when Γ is a piecewise ${\mathcal C}^2$ curve and A ⊂ ℝ2. To begin, we give an example of a very large (full-measure, dense, Gδ) set A such that (A + S1)° = ∅, where S1 denotes the unit circle. This suggests that merely the size of A does not guarantee that (A + S1)° ≠ ∅. If, however, we assume that A is a kind of generalised product of two reasonably large sets, then (A + Γ)° ≠ ∅ whenever Γ has non-vanishing curvature. As a byproduct of our method, we prove that the pinned distance set of C := Cγ × Cγ, γ ⩾ 1/3, pinned at any point of C has non-empty interior, where Cγ (see (1.1)) is the middle 1 − 2γ Cantor set (including the usual middle-third Cantor set, C1/3). Our proof for the middle-third Cantor set requires a separate method. We also prove that C + S1 has non-empty interior.
On orbifold constructions associated with the Leech lattice vertex operator algebra
Authors: LAM CHING HUNG , SHIMAKURA HIROKI 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we study orbifold constructions associated with the Leech lattice vertex operator algebra. As an application, we prove that the structure of a strongly regular holomorphic vertex operator algebra of central charge 24 is uniquely determined by its weight one Lie algebra if the Lie algebra has the type A3,43A1,2, A4,52, D4,12A2,6, A6,7, A7,4A1,13, D5,8A1,2 or D6,5A1,12 by using the reverse orbifold construction. Our result also provides alternative constructions of these vertex operator algebras (except for the case A6,7) from the Leech lattice vertex operator algebra.
Patient-specific quality control for intensity-modulated radiation therapy and volumetric-modulated arc therapy using electronic portal imaging device and two-dimensional ion chamber array
Authors: Kausar Abu , Mani Karthick R. , Azhari Hasin A. , Zakaria Golam A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to develop the patient-specific quality control (QC) process by most commonly used dosimeters in Bangladesh and recommend a suitable passing rate for QC, irrespective of the dosimetric tools used.Materials and methodsIntensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans of five head-and-neck (HN) and five prostate patients were selected for the patient-specific QC. These plans were generated using the Eclipse TPS v11·0 (Varian Medical Systems, Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA) 6 MV X-ray from a Varian TrueBeam linear accelerator (Varian Medical Systems, Inc.) for each case. Each IMRT and VMAT plans were measured by two-dimensional (2D) ion chamber arrays (I’matriXX) and electronic portal imaging devices (EPID), respectively. The passing rates of the dosimetric tools were calculated using criteria of 3%/3 mm.ResultsThe average passing rates (±SD) of I’matriXX for prostate and HN were 97·9±0·76 and 98·88±0·24, respectively. For VMAT verification, the average passing rates of EPID for prostate for arc1 and arc2 were 96·15±0·49 and 97·8±0·70, respectively; similarly, for HN the rates were 97·85±0·63 and 97·2±0·56, respectively.ConclusionThe results showed that both the dosimeters can be used in patient-specific QC, although the EPID-based IMRT and VMAT QC is more advantageous in terms of time-saving and ease of use. Hence, for patient-specific QC, one can use the ion chamber arrays (I’matriXX) or EPID in hospital, but the systems need to be cross-checked.
Oblique Ion‐Scale Magnetotail Flux Ropes Generated by Secondary Tearing Modes
Authors: Teh Wai‐Leong , Nakamura Takuma , Nakamura Rumi , Umeda Takayuki 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe examine Magnetospheric Multiscale observations of three ion‐scale magnetic flux ropes (diameter ~6–9 ion inertial lengths) in the Earth's magnetotail reconnection diffusion region with a small guide field. During the event, the electron reconnection exhaust reversed direction together with the reversal of normal magnetic field component. After that, the three ion‐scale flux ropes were observed near the ion diffusion region, in which flat‐top distributions were found at the field‐aligned electrons (<2 keV). The axis orientation and motion velocity of the flux ropes are determined by minimum variance analysis of the electric field component along the flux rope axis, using single‐spacecraft measurements. Results show that the three flux rope axes form 13°, 55°, and 55° to the guide field direction and are mostly tilted toward the direction of the reconnecting field. These results are also validated by multiple‐spacecraft analysis methods. It is found that the tilted angles agree reasonably well with the predicted angles for secondary tearing modes, suggesting that these ion‐scale flux ropes are likely generated by secondary tearing instabilities as those recently found in the three‐dimensional kinetic simulations of turbulent magnetic reconnection.
Error Budget of the MEthane Remote LIdar missioN and Its Impact on the Uncertainties of the Global Methane Budget
Authors: Bousquet Philippe , Pierangelo Clémence , Bacour Cédric , Marshall Julia , Peylin Philippe , Ayar Pradeebane Vaittinada , Ehret Gerhard , Bréon François‐Marie , Chevallier Frédéric , Crevoisier Cyril , Gibert Fabien , Rairoux Patrick , Kiemle Christoph , Armante Raymond , Bès Caroline , Cassé Vincent , Chinaud Jordi , Chomette Olivier , Delahaye Thibault , Edouart Dimitri , Estève Frédéric , Fix Andreas , Friker Achim , Klonecki Andrzej , Wirth Martin , Alpers Mathias , Millet Bruno 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMEthane Remote LIdar missioN (MERLIN) is a German‐French space mission, scheduled for launch in 2024 and built around an innovative light detecting and ranging instrument that will retrieve methane atmospheric weighted columns. MERLIN products will be assimilated into chemistry transport models to infer methane emissions and sinks. Here the expected performance of MERLIN to reduce uncertainties on methane emissions is estimated. A first complete error budget of the mission is proposed based on an analysis of the plausible causes of random and systematic errors. Systematic errors are spatially and temporally distributed on geophysical variables and then aggregated into an ensemble of 32 scenarios. Observing System Simulation Experiments are conducted, originally carrying both random and systematic errors. Although relatively small (±2.9 ppb), systematic errors are found to have a larger influence on MERLIN performances than random errors. The expected global mean uncertainty reduction on methane emissions compared to the prior knowledge is found to be 32%, limited by the impact of systematic errors. The uncertainty reduction over land reaches 60% when the largest desert regions are removed. At the latitudinal scale, the largest uncertainty reductions are achieved for temperate regions (84%) and then tropics (56%) and high latitudes (53%). Similar Observing System Simulation Experiments based on error scenarios for Greenhouse Gases Observing SATellite reveal that MERLIN should perform better than Greenhouse Gases Observing SATellite for most continental regions. The integration of error scenarios for MERLIN in another inversion system suggests similar results, albeit more optimistic in terms of uncertainty reduction.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Downregulation of the long noncoding RNA MBNL1-AS1 protects sevoflurane-pretreated mice against ischemia-reperfusion injury by targeting KCNMA1
Authors: Li Xue-Feng , Wang Zong-Qiang , Li Long-Yun , Zhao Guo-Qing , Yu Shao-Nan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTotal knee arthroplasty (TKA) is the most common and cost-effective treatment for older adults with long-standing osteoarthritis. During TKA, muscle cells suffer from prolonged oxygen deficiency, which leads to altered cell metabolism that reduces the energy demand and maintains cell homeostasis before blood flow is restored. This study focused on the role of the lncRNA muscleblind-like 1 antisense RNA 1 (MBNL1-AS1) in protecting sevoflurane-pretreated mice against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury after TKA, as well as the elucidation of the potential associated mechanism. Identification of differentially expressed lncRNAs was performed using the microarray dataset GSE21164, which was extracted from the GEO database. Target genes of the lncRNA were determined using Multi-Experiment Matrix (MEM), a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay, and KEGG enrichment analyses. The results showed that MBNL1-AS1 was overexpressed in skeletal muscle cells in mice, while KCNMA1, which was enriched in the cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, was negatively regulated by MBNL1-AS1. Furthermore, I/R mice displayed serious inflammatory reactions. Down-regulation of MBNL1-AS1 increased the expression of KCNMA1, PKGII, VASP, VEGF, Bcl-2, Cyclin D1, Cyclin D3, and Cdc 42 but decreased the expression of Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved PARP. Furthermore, upon MBNL1-AS1 upregulation, the rate of cell apoptosis increased while the rate of cell proliferation decreased. Our data suggested that down-regulated lncRNA MBNL1-AS1 might promote the proliferation and inhibit the apoptosis of skeletal muscle cells by upregulating KCNMA1 expression via activation of the cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, thus protecting sevoflurane-pretreated mice against I/R injury after TKA.
Body composition during early infancy and its relation with body composition at 4 years of age in Jimma, an Ethiopian prospective cohort study
Authors: Admassu Bitiya , Wells Jonathan C. K. , Girma Tsinuel , Belachew Tefera , Ritz Christian , Owino Victor , Abera Mubarek , Wibaek Rasmus , Michaelsen Kim F. , Kæstel Pernille , Friis Henrik , Andersen Gregers S. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Background/Objectives
Low and high birth weight and rapid weight gain during infancy are associated with childhood obesity. Associations of birth and infancy body composition (BC) growth with childhood BC remain unknown in low-income countries. We aimed to investigate the associations of fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) at birth and its accretion during early infancy with FM and FFM at the age of 4 years.

Methods
In the infant Anthropometry and Body Composition (iABC) cohort, BC was assessed at six consecutive time points from birth to 6 months and at 4 years of age by air displacement plethysmography. Multiple linear regression models were used to determine the association between FM and FFM at birth and their accretion rates during infancy and FM index (FMI) and FFM index (FFMI) at 4 years in 314 children.

Results
One kilogram higher FFM at birth was associated with a 1.07 kg/m2 higher FFMI (95% CI 0.60, 1.55) at 4 years while a one SD increment in FFM accretion rate from 0 to 6 months was associated with a 0.24 kg/m2 increment in FFMI (95% CI 0.11, 0.36) and with a 0.20 kg/m2 higher FMI at 4 years (β = 0.20; 95% CI 0.04, 0.37). FFM at birth did not predict FMI at 4 years. FM at birth was associated with 1.17 kg/m2 higher FMI at 4 years (95% CI 0.13, 2.22) whereas FM accretion from 0 to 4 months was associated with an increase in FMI of 0.30 kg/m2 (95% CI 0.12, 0.47). FM at birth did not predict FFMI at 4 years, and neither did FM accretion from 0 to 4 months.

Conclusions
A higher FFM in early infancy predicted higher FFMI at 4 years while a higher FM accretion during early infancy predicted higher FMI at 4 years. Follow-up studies are merited to explore associations of childhood BC with cardio-metabolic risk later in life.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: MEK inhibitors induce apoptosis via FoxO3a-dependent PUMA induction in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Lin Lin , Ding Dapeng , Jiang Yanmei , Li Yan , Li Shijun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMutations in BRAF are common to many cancers, including CRC. The MEK inhibitors are being investigated in BRAF-mutant CRC. In this study, we aimed to investigate how MEK inhibitor suppresses growth of BRAF-mutated CRC cells as well as its potential mechanisms. Our findings indicated that MEK inhibitor promote PUMA expression via ERK/FoxO3a signaling pathway. In addition, PUMA induction is essential for MEK inhibitor-induced apoptosis. Moreover, PUMA induction is required for MEK inhibitors to induced apoptosis in combination with cisplatin, dabrafenib, or Gefitinib. Knockdown of PUMA suppressed the anticancer effect of the MEK inhibitor in vivo. Our findings indicate a novel role for PUMA as a regulator of the antitumor effects of MEK inhibitor, suggesting that PUMA induction may modulate MEK inhibitor sensitivity.