bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of NFKB1 ‐94ATTG ins/del polymorphism (rs28362491) with pemphigus vulgaris
Authors: Chatzikyriakidou Anthoula , Kyriakou Aikaterini , Meltzanidou Parthena , Lambropoulos Alexandros , Patsatsi Aikaterini 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPemphigus vulgaris is a rare chronic blistering skin disease resulting from IgG autoantibodies directed against transmembrane desmosomal glycoprotein desmoglein 3 and is the most common form of pemphigus. Since interleukin‐1 receptor‐associated kinase (IRAK‐1)/nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐kappa B) pathway plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, the aim of the present study was to explore the role of polymorphisms in three genes, named IRAK1 (rs3027898), NFKBIA (rs696) and NFKB1 (‐94ATTG insertion/deletion variant, ‐ rs28362491), in PV susceptibility. Forty‐four unrelated patients with PV (23 males) were enrolled in the study. Additionally, 77 ethnic matching healthy volunteers (45 males) with no personal or family history of chronic autoimmune or infectious diseases were studied. Strong statistical significant difference was observed between PV patients and controls for polymorphism ‐94 insertion/deletion ATTG in the promoter region of NFKB1 gene (P = 0.00005). Additional dedicated studies in larger groups of patients of various ethnicities are needed to replicate and confirm the preliminary findings.
Machine learning for the prediction of sunscreen sun protection factor and protection grade of UVA
Authors: Shim Jiyong , Lim Jun Man , Park Sun Gyoo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe report a prediction model for sunscreen sun protection factor (SPF) and protection grade of ultraviolet (UV) A (PA) based on machine learning. We illustrate with real clinical test results of UV protection ability of sunscreen for SPF and PA. With approximately 2200 individual clinical results for both SPF and PA level detection, individually, we were able to see that active ingredient information can provide accurate SPF and PA prediction rates through machine learning. Furthermore, we included four new factors—presence of pigment, concentration of pigment grade titanium dioxide, type of formulation and type of product—as additional information for the prediction model and were able to see increased prediction rates as results.
‘Seeing is believing’: a qualitative approach to studying the use of cone beam computed tomography in endodontics in Sweden
Authors: Mota de Almeida F. J. , Flygare L. , Knutsson K. , Wolf E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimTo gain insight into the decision processes of dentists when requesting a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) examination in endodontic settings.MethodologyFourteen dentists (eight female) 33–58 years of age (mean = 44) practising in Sweden were interviewed. Ten of the dentists were specialists in Endodontics. The absolute inclusion criterion was experience of referring patients for CBCT for endodontic reasons. The included dentists comprised a strategically selected diverse sample in terms of gender, age, work experience, educational background, location of practice, service affiliation and accessibility to CBCT. Data were obtained through semistructured interviews exposing the context of their last three self‐reported referrals. Dentists were encouraged to describe their experiences of the circumstances in their own words, aided by the interviewer's open‐ended questions. The interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim. The text was analysed by qualitative content analysis.ResultsThe manifest content was organized into three categories that were defined as visualization as a desire, facilitating tough decisions and allocating responsibility.ConclusionAn overall theme (covering the latent content) was identified: A balance between clinical common sense and a ‘better safe than sorry’ attitude guides the use of CBCT in endodontic settings. Informants had high clinical standards, knowledge concerning radiation risks and good sense, which could compensate for their lack of knowledge of guidelines. The national radiation regulatory system was perceived to work as a slightly porous gatekeeper for over‐usage.
Structural transformation and tax efficiency
Authors: Cevik Serhan , Gottschalk Jan , Hutton Eric , Jaramillo Laura , Karnane Pooja , Sow Mousse 
Published: May 2019

AbstractStructural transformation has resulted in an increasing share of services in output and employment in advanced and developing countries across the world. We analyse the impact of this shift into services on countries' efficiency in collecting the value‐added tax (VAT). The analysis is based on two alternative measures of VAT productivity: (a) the VAT C‐efficiency, using a broad panel of 134 countries over the period 1970–2014 and (b) the VAT gap using a more granular, proprietary data set that draws on the results of the International Monetary Fund's (IMF's) Revenue Administration‐Gap Analysis Program covering 24 countries over the period 2004–2016. We find that a higher share of services in aggregate value‐added reduces the VAT efficiency, and that this adverse effect is mainly a result of a rise of nontradable services which in turn contributes to a narrowing of the VAT base.
Fabrication and microstructure of perovskite CsPbCl3 nanocrystallized chalcogenide glass‐ceramics
Authors: Yu Mingqiang , Yu Xinlan , Long Nengbing , Lin Changgui 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTransparent chalcogenide glass‐ceramics containing CsPbCl3 perovskite nanocrystals were prepared through an elaborated composition design of 80GeS2·5Ga2S3·15CsPbCl3. Large size distribution of CsPbCl3 nanocrystals is observed ranging from 10 to 200 nm. XRD, Raman spectra, and SEM techniques were employed to study the further microstructural evolution after thermal treatment. The precipitation of PbGeS3 and GeS2, together with CsPbCl3, was identified according to the XRD patterns and Raman spectra. This work is of guiding significance for future design of cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals in chalcogenide glass‐ceramics.
A new null model approach to quantify performance and significance for ecological niche models of species distributions
Authors: Bohl Corentin L. , Kass Jamie M. , Anderson Robert P. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimEcological niche modelling requires robust estimation of model performance and significance, but common evaluation approaches often yield biased estimates. Null models provide a solution but are rarely used in this field. We implemented an important modification to existing null model tests, evaluating null models with the same withheld records that were used to evaluate the real model. We built and evaluated models across a range of modelling scenarios and for various performance measures using the algorithm Maxent and the monk parakeet (Myiopsitta monachus).LocationNative range in Southern America and global invasions predominantly in North/Central America and Europe.MethodsWe tested the ability of models built under 15 scenarios (five sets of calibration records and three settings that varied the level of model complexity) to predict spatially independent evaluation data in the invaded range (in effect, testing the models under spatial transfer). We quantified performance with measures of discriminatory ability and overfitting based on area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and the omission error rate. We estimated null distributions of these measures and calculated effect size and significance. We determined how these estimates varied across modelling scenarios, comparing with two tests existing in the literature.ResultsPerformance varied starkly across modelling scenarios. As expected, the measures of overfitting agreed with each other and provided different information than that of discriminatory ability. However, high performance per se did not show strong association with high effect size and significance.Main ConclusionsEcological niche models should be assessed with measures of effect size and significance based on appropriate null distributions, in contrast to several approaches existing in the literature. The proposed approach using independent evaluation data, implemented with our accompanying code and R package, allows such estimates for either the same or a different region/time period, and it merits use and continued development.
Investigation of the Secretory Pathway in Trichomonas vaginalis Argues against a Moonlighting Function of Hydrogenosomal Enzymes
Authors: Rada Petr , Kellerová Pavlína , Verner Zdeněk , Tachezy Jan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe enzymes pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFO), malic enzyme (ME), and the α‐ and β‐subunits of succinyl‐CoA synthetase (SCS) catalyze key steps of energy metabolism in Trichomonas vaginalis hydrogenosomes. These proteins have also been characterized as the adhesins AP120 (PFO), AP65 (ME), AP33, and AP51 (α‐ and β‐SCS), which are localized on the cell surface and mediate the T. vaginalis cytoadherence. However, the mechanisms that facilitate the targeting of these proteins to the cell surface via the secretory pathway and/or to hydrogenosomes are not known. Here we adapted an in vivo biotinylation system to perform highly sensitive tracing of protein trafficking in T. vaginalis. We showed that α‐ and β‐SCS are biotinylated in the cytosol and imported exclusively into the hydrogenosomes. Neither α‐ nor β‐SCS is biotinylated in the endoplasmic reticulum and delivered to the cell surface via the secretory pathway. In contrast, two surface proteins, tetratricopeptide domain‐containing membrane‐associated protein and tetraspanin family surface protein, as well as soluble‐secreted β‐amylase‐1 are biotinylated in the endoplasmic reticulum and delivered through the secretory pathway to their final destinations. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the α‐ and β‐SCS subunits are targeted only to the hydrogenosomes, which argues against their putative moonlighting function.
Oxygen isotope speedometry in granulite facies garnet recording fluid/melt–rock interaction (Sør Rondane Mountains, East Antarctica)
Authors: Higashino Fumiko , Rubatto Daniela , Kawakami Tetsuo , Bouvier Anne‐Sophie , Baumgartner Lukas P. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn situ analysis of a garnet porphyroblast from a granulite facies gneiss from Sør Rondane Mountains, East Antarctica, reveals discontinuous step‐wise zoning in phosphorus and large δ18O variations from the phosphorus‐rich core to the phosphorus‐poor rim. The gradually decreasing profile of oxygen isotope from the core (δ18O = ~15‰) to the rim (δ18O = ~11‰) suggests that the 18O/16O zoning was originally step‐wise, and modified by diffusion after the garnet rim formation at ~800°C and 0.8 GPa. Fitting of the 18O/16O data to the diffusion equation constrains a duration of the high‐T event (~800°C) to c. 0.5–40 Ma after the garnet rim formation. The low δ18O value of the garnet rim, together with the previously reported low δ18O values in metacarbonates, indicates regional infiltration, probably along a detachment fault, of low δ18O fluid/melt possibly derived from meta‐mafic to ultramafic rocks.
On the challenges of greyscale‐based quantifications using X‐ray computed microtomography
Authors: ZHANG YULAI , MOSTAGHIMI PEYMAN , ARMSTRONG RYAN T. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryFor X‐ray computed microtomography (μ‐CT) images of porous rocks where the grains and pores are not fully resolved, the greyscale values of each voxel can be used for quantitative calculations. This study addresses the challenges that arise with greyscale‐based quantifications by conducting experiments designed to investigate the sources of error/uncertainty. We conduct greyscale‐based calculations of porosity, concentration and diffusivity from various μ‐CT experiments using a Bentheimer sandstone sample. The dry sandstone is imaged overtime to test the variation of greyscale values over sequential scans due to instrumentation stability. The sandstone is then imaged in a dry and contrast‐agent saturated state at low resolution to determine a porosity map, which is compared to a porosity map derived from segmented high‐resolution data. Then the linearity of the relationship between the concentration of a contrast agent and its corresponding attenuation coefficient is tested by imaging various solutions of known concentration. Lastly, a diffusion experiment is imaged at low resolution under dynamic conditions to determine local diffusivity values for the sandstone, which is compared to values derived from direct pore‐scale simulations using high‐resolution data. Overall, we identify the main errors associated with greyscale‐based quantification and provide practical suggestions to alleviate these issues.Lay DescriptionX‐ray computed microtomography (CT) imaging has become an important way to study the pore space of a porous medium. Using segmented images, we can build 3D pore space models for porous media and characterize the morphology and/or run simulations on the models. So, image segmentation is a critical image processing step. However, for low resolution images where image segmentation is not possible, grayscales are directly used for quantifications such as porosity and concentration calculations. Although these types of calculations have been widely accepted and used, the uncertainties and errors associated with grayscale‐based quantifications are not fully discussed. Here we specifically design experiments with X‐ray CT imaging to address the challenges that arise in grayscale‐based quantifications. For instance, in order to validate porosity calculation results from low resolution images (with the help of high attenuating tracer), high resolution images are also acquired, which serve as a benchmark. The errors associated with concentration calculation using grayscale values are also discussed. In addition, numerical simulations using grayscale values are performed on a diffusion experiment images with X‐ray CT. The problems that arise in dynamic imaging and the subsequent numerical simulations are discussed. The experiments, calculations and discussions provide a more comprehensive understanding on grayscale‐based quantifications and aid in designing better X‐ray CT experiments.
Efficacy of dermal redensification in chronoaged face: Quantitative volumetric assessment
Authors: D’Aloiso Cristina M. , Senzolo Marco 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundMesotherapy for chronoaged skin shows heterogeneous results.ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of dermal redensification on the face and neck.MethodsPatients with mild‐moderate‐severe chronoaging of face and neck were included and, every 14 days, treated with four sessions of dermal redensification, consisting of 1 mL of hyaluronic acid (15 mg/mL) plus a dermo‐restructuring complex. Skin improvements were analyzed at 8 weeks for amelioration by Wrinkle Severity Rating Scale and quantification of superficial wrinkles and texture by high‐resolution 3D camera. All patients underwent a self‐assessment questionnaire and Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale.ResultsThirty‐six patients were enrolled (median age 55 [42‐67] years). Eight weeks after treatment all patients reported a significant improvement, being Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale ≥2 in 69% of the subjects. Patients’ perception of improvement of their skin quality was highly satisfactory in all items explored on the self‐assessment questionnaire relating to radiance, elasticity, texture, and smoothness. Subjects with fine and moderate/deep wrinkles had an improvement >25% and 50%, respectively. Quantification of wrinkles with filters for superficial plane (1 mm) showed a statistically significant median decrease, both in width (1.53 [1.41‐1.72] mm vs 1.27 [1.12‐1.34] P < 0.001) and depth (0.46 [0.27‐0.61] vs 0.12 [0.6‐0.18] P < 0.001). Indentation decreased by a median of 20%.ConclusionsThe synergic effects of hyaluronic acid and dermo‐restructuring complex show an objective amelioration of skin texture, wrinkles, and self‐evaluation of skin appearance.
Local and regional scale habitat heterogeneity contribute to genetic adaptation in a commercially important marine mollusc (Haliotis rubra) from southeastern Australia
Authors: Miller Adam D. , Hoffmann Ary A. , Tan Mun Hua , Young Mary , Ahrens Collin , Cocomazzo Michael , Rattray Alex , Ierodiaconou Daniel A. , Treml Eric , Sherman Craig D. H. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCharacterising adaptive genetic divergence among conspecific populations is often achieved by studying genetic variation across defined environmental gradients. In marine systems this is challenging due to a paucity of information on habitat heterogeneity at local and regional scales and a dependency on sampling regimes that are typically limited to broad longitudinal and latitudinal environmental gradients. As a result, the spatial scales at which selection processes operate and the environmental factors that contribute to genetic adaptation in marine systems are likely to be unclear. In this study we explore patterns of adaptive genetic structuring in a commercially‐ harvested abalone species (Haliotis rubra) from southeastern Australia, using a panel of genome‐wide SNP markers (5,239 SNPs), and a sampling regime informed by marine LiDAR bathymetric imagery and 20‐year hindcasted oceanographic models. Despite a lack of overall genetic structure across the sampling distribution, significant genotype associations with heterogeneous habitat features were observed at local and regional spatial scales, including associations with wave energy, ocean current, sea surface temperature, and geology. These findings provide insights into the potential resilience of the species to changing marine climates and the role of migration and selection on recruitment processes, with implications for conservation and fisheries management. This study points to the spatial scales at which selection processes operate in marine systems and highlights the benefits of geospatially‐informed sampling regimes for overcoming limitations associated with marine population genomic research.
The association between near‐infrared spectroscopy assessment of microvascular reactivity and flow‐mediated dilation is disrupted in individuals at high risk for cardiovascular disease
Authors: Vieira de Oliveira Gustavo , Soares Rogério Nogueira , Volino‐Souza Mônica , Murias Juan Manuel , Alvares Thiago Silveira 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the correlation between the NIRS‐derived reperfusion slope and %FMD in the arm of healthy and at high risk for CVD individuals.MethodsTwelve healthy (24 ± 4 years) and twelve at high risk for cardiovascular disease (65 ± 11 years) individuals participated in the study. The individuals were submitted to a conduit artery FMD followed by a NIRS‐VOT microvascular function test in the arm. Microvascular responsiveness was calculated as the forearm reperfusion slope, and macrovascular function was assessed as the percent of change in FMD (%FMD) of the brachial artery.ResultsThere was a significant correlation between reperfusion slope and %FMD (R = 0.61, P < 0.05) in the healthy group; however, no significant correlation between FMD and reperfusion slope (R = −0.21, P > 0.05) was found in individuals at high risk for CVD.ConclusionThe correlation between NIRS‐derived reperfusion slope and %FMD was disrupted in the arm of individuals at high risk for cardiovascular disease compared to healthy individuals. The findings of the present study reinforce the importance of examining vascular function at microvasculature and conduit artery level, especially in populations with risk factors for CVD.
Comparison of fks gene mutations and minimum inhibitory concentrations for the detection of Candida glabrata resistance to micafungin: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bienvenu Anne‐Lise , Leboucher Gilles , Picot Stephane 
Published: May 2019

SummaryCandida resistance to antifungals impaired invasive candidiasis outcome. In a context of echinocandin resistance development, we aimed to evaluate the association between phenotypic resistance to micafungin and fks mutations of Candida glabrata. For this systematic review and meta‐analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science for reports published up to December 2017. Studies of C glabrata candidiasis with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) determination of micafungin and fks genotyping were included. Reviews, studies not using reference methods, non‐glabrata Candida, experimental isolates and undetailed mutations were excluded. Two authors independently assessed the eligibility of articles and extracted data. The main outcome was the diagnostic accuracy of fks mutations compared to micafungin MIC for C glabrata, measured as fixed‐effect odd ratio. Heterogeneity was calculated with the I2 statistic. This study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42018082023). Twenty‐four studies were included in the meta‐analysis. Pooled analysis found that S663P (OR 7.25, 95% CI 3.50‐15.00; P < 0.00001), S629P (OR 3.70, 1.64‐8.33; P = 0.002) and F659del (OR 5.66, 1.22‐26.18; P = 0.03) were associated with increased risk of having a resistant isolate according to authors' interpretation of MICs. In sensitivity analysis based on new CLSI clinical breakpoints, the ORs for S663P and S629P remained significant. Genotyping of isolates of C glabrata for S663P and S629P mutations is an effective alternative to micafungin susceptibility tests. Relevant molecular markers of drug resistance will significantly improve the management of C glabrata infections.
What is the fate of xylem‐transported CO2 in Kranz‐type C4 plants?
Authors: Stutz Samantha S. , Hanson David T. 
Published: May 2019

Summary

High concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon in stems of herbaceous and woody C3 plants exit leaves in the dark. In the light, C3 species use a small portion of xylem‐transported CO2 for leaf photosynthesis. However, it is not known if xylem‐transported CO2 will exit leaves in the dark or be used for photosynthesis in the light in Kranz‐type C4 plants.

Cut leaves of Amaranthus hypochondriacus were placed in one of three solutions of [NaH13CO3] dissolved in KCl water to measure the efflux of xylem‐transported CO2 exiting the leaf in the dark or rates of assimilation of xylem‐transported CO2* in the light, in real‐time, using a tunable diode laser absorption spectroscope.

In the dark, the efflux of xylem‐transported CO2 increased with increasing rates of transpiration and [13CO2*]; however, rates of 13Cefflux in A. hypochondriacus were lower compared to C3 species. In the light, A. hypochondriacus fixed nearly 75% of the xylem‐transported CO2 supplied to the leaf.

Kranz anatomy and biochemistry likely influence the efflux of xylem‐transported CO2 out of cut leaves of A. hypochondriacus in the dark, as well as the use of xylem‐transported CO2* for photosynthesis in the light. Thus increasing the carbon use efficiency of Kranz‐type C4 species over C3 species.