bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SCOTfluors: Small, Conjugatable, Orthogonal, and Tunable Fluorophores for In Vivo Imaging of Cell Metabolism
Authors: Benson Sam , Fernandez Antonio , Barth Nicole D. , de Moliner Fabio , Horrocks Mathew H. , Herrington C. Simon , Abad Jose Luis , Delgado Antonio , Kelly Lisa , Chang Ziyuan , Feng Yi , Nishiura Miyako , Hori Yuichiro , Kikuchi Kazuya , Vendrell Marc 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe transport and trafficking of metabolites are critical for the correct functioning of live cells. However, in situ metabolic imaging studies are hampered by the lack of fluorescent chemical structures that allow direct monitoring of small metabolites under physiological conditions with high spatial and temporal resolution. Herein, we describe SCOTfluors as novel small‐sized multi‐colored fluorophores for real‐time tracking of essential metabolites in live cells and in vivo and for the acquisition of metabolic profiles from human cancer cells of variable origin.
Green electrospun nanocuprous oxide–poly(ethylene oxide)–silk fibroin composite nanofibrous scaffolds for antibacterial dressings
Authors: Zheng Zexin , Zhang Kuihua , Wu Bo , Yang Haoyi , Wang Mengqi , Dong Tianhong , Zhang Jiaying , He Ying 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTCuprous oxide (Cu2O) nanoparticles have attracted extensive attention because of their excellent optical, catalytic, antibacterial, and antifungal properties and low cost. Nano‐Cu2O–poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)–silk fibroin (SF) composite nanofibrous scaffolds (CNSs) were fabricated through green electrospinning to impart excellent antibacterial properties onto nanofibrous scaffolds. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the nanofibers became more nonuniform and appeared more and more as beads in the nanofibers with increasing nano‐Cu2O concentration, and no obvious morphological changes were observed after 75% EtOH vapor treatment. Transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrated that nano‐cuprous oxide (nano‐Cu2O) was successfully loaded into the PEO–SF nanofibers. Fourier transform infrared–attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy results indicate that nano‐Cu2O did not induce SF conformation from random coils to β sheets. The SF conformation converted from random coils to β sheets after 75% EtOH vapor treatment. The results of water contact angle testing and swelling property measurement clarified that nano‐Cu2O–PEO–SF CNSs possessed outstanding hydrophilicity. Nano‐Cu2O–PEO–SF CNSs exhibited better antibacterial activity against both Gram‐negativeEscherichia coliand Gram‐positiveStaphylococcus aureusbacteria than PEO–SF nanofibrous scaffolds, and the antibacterial activity increased with increasing nano‐Cu2O concentration. Cell viability studies with pig iliac endothelial cells demonstrated that nano‐Cu2O–PEO–SF CNSs had no cytotoxicity. Nano‐Cu2O–PEO–SF CNSs are expected to be ideal biomimetic antibacterial dressings for wound healing. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47730.
Bioinspired Actuators Based on Stimuli‐Responsive Polymers
Authors: Cui Huanqing , Zhao Qilong , Wang Yunlong , Du Xuemin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOrganisms exhibit strong environmental adaptability by controllably adjusting their morphologies or fast locomotion; thus providing constant inspiration for scientists to develop artificial actuators that not only have diverse and sophisticated shape‐morphing capabilities, but can also further transfer dynamic and reversible shape deformations into macroscopic motion under the following principles: asymmetric friction, the Marangoni effect, and counteracting forces of the surrounding conditions. Among numerous available materials for fabricating bioinspired artificial actuators, stimuli‐responsive polymers are superior in their flexible features and the ability to change their physicochemical properties dynamically under external stimuli, such as temperature, pH, light, and ionic strength. Herein, different mechanisms, working principles, and applications of stimuli‐responsive polymeric actuators are comprehensively introduced. Furthermore, perspectives on existing challenges and future directions of this field are provided.
Baubetriebliche Untersuchung von Robotersystemen im Mauerwerksbau
Authors: Malkwitz Alexander , Spengler Arnim J. , Bruckmann Tobias 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDie Bedeutung von Robotersystemen in der Bauwerkserstellung wird künftig stetig zunehmen. Das zeigt sich u. a. an den zunehmenden Pressemeldungen über erfolgreiche Bauvorhaben und der steigenden Anzahl an verfügbaren Systemen. In diesem Artikel wird untersucht, wo die spezifischen Stärken und Schwächen einzelner Robotersysteme liegen. An der Universität Duisburg‐Essen wird derzeit am Einsatz von Seilrobotern im Mauerwerksbau geforscht. Der vorliegende Artikel präsentiert erste Ergebnisse der Versuchsreihen am Seilroboter. Grundlage bilden die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse sowie die Auswertung vorhandener Literatur und die Sichtung von aktuellem Videomaterial. Ein Ergebnis ist, dass jedes Robotersystem spezifische Stärken und Schwächen aufweist und der Seilroboter gut im Mauerwerksbau eingesetzt werden kann. Es zeigt sich, dass die Kombination und Parallelfertigung mit verschiedenen Robotersystemen langfristig die gefundenen Schwächen einzelner Systeme ausgleichen kann.
CAD‐integrierte Analyse im Entwurfsprozess
Authors: Oberbichler Thomas , Bauer Anna M. , Goldbach Ann‐Kathrin , Wüchner Roland , Bletzinger Kai‐Uwe 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLeichtbau ist geprägt von seiner filigranen Tragstruktur, die sich durch eine Vielfalt von grazilen Formen und organisch wirkenden Freiformflächen auszeichnet. Moderne CAD‐Systeme nutzen NURBS (Non‐uniform rational B‐Splines), um die Formsprache des Leichtbaus dem Computer zugänglich zu machen.Die isogeometrische B‐Rep‐Analyse (IBRA) verwendet NURBS für das Lösen strukturmechanischer Probleme. Durch die Nutzung der gleichen geometrischen und topologischen Beschreibungen wird der kontinuierliche Datenaustausch zwischen CAD‐ und Analyse‐Software vereinfacht.Die einheitliche Modellbeschreibung begünstigt parametrische Entwurfsprozesse. Vorteile ergeben sich auch dort, wo die Ergebnisse einer Analyse wieder in das CAD übertragen werden sollen; beispielsweise bei einer Baufortschrittsmodellierung oder einer Formfindung, wenn es darum geht, die berechneten Geometrien erneut in den Entwurfsprozess einzubinden und mit ihnen weiterzuarbeiten. Im Hinblick auf biegeaktive Strukturen spielen die Glattheit der Modellgeometrie und die Abbildung ihrer Verformung eine bedeutende Rolle. Durch die Verwendung von NURBS ist dies gegeben.
Clinical approach to the knotting diagnostic quadripolar catheter during zero‐fluoro electrophysiological study
Authors: Tan Vern Hsen , Ching Chi Keong , Wong Kelvin Cheok Keng 
Published: March 2019

Key Clinical MessageWe report a case of electrophysiology catheter knotting when inserted without fluoroscopic guidance followed by technique to unravel the knot via ipsilateral femoral vein. We advocate caution when manipulating catheters using minimal/zero fluoroscopic technique and having a low threshold to screen under fluoroscopy when encountering difficulties during catheter insertion.
Functional Applications of Metallic Glasses in Electrocatalysis
Authors: Hu Yuan‐Chao , Sun Chenxiang , Sun Chunwen 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMetallic glasses (MGs), which are also known as amorphous metals, are formed by quenching the melts at a super high cooling rate (e. g. 106 K/s) to avoid crystallization. Compared with ordinary metals, there is no long‐range translational order and crystalline defects in MGs. Benefitting from this unique structural characteristic, MGs show many superior mechanical, physical and chemical properties and thus have been attracting intensive attentions in applications as structural materials. The investigations on the functional properties of MGs are still at the early stage, but immense potential in electrochemically functional applications has been demonstrated in recent years. In this Minireview, we aim to present an overview of the functional properties of this class of novel metallic glassy catalysts and some achievements obtained so far. We mainly focus on the applications of MGs in various electrochemical applications, like hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction as well as fuel cells. The strategies for optimizing the performance of these amorphous catalysts are discussed as well, including high‐throughput screening and nano‐engineering. In the absence of crystalline ordering, the atomic‐scale structural mechanism of MGs in electrocatalysis may be unique and will be explored. Finally, we also give perspectives on how to design novel and superior electrocatalysts for future electrocatalysis applications.
Identification of an Oxalamide Ligand for Copper‐Catalyzed C−O Couplings from a Pharmaceutical Compound Library
Authors: Chan Vincent S. , Krabbe Scott W. , Li Changfeng , Sun Lijie , Liu Yue , Nett Alex J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA typical pharmaceutical compound library is stocked with molecular diversity and could provide a platform for the discovery of new ligand structures. Herein, we describe the use of this approach in combination with high throughput screening to identify N,N’‐bis(thiophene‐2‐ylmethyl)oxalamide as a ligand that is generally effective for copper‐catalyzed C−O cross‐couplings to prepare both biarylethers as well as phenols under mild conditions.
Preparation of Titanocene–Gold Compounds Based on Highly Active Gold(I)‐N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Anticancer Agents: Preliminary in vitro Studies in Renal and Prostate Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Curado Natalia , Giménez Nora , Miachin Kirill , Aliaga‐Lavrijsen Mélanie , Cornejo Mike A. , Jarzecki Andrzej A. , Contel María 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHeterometallic titanocene‐based compounds containing gold(I)‐phosphane fragments have been extremely successful against renal cancer in vitro and in vivo. The exchange of phosphane by N‐heterocyclic carbene ligands to improve or modulate their pharmacological profile afforded bimetallic complexes effective against prostate cancer, but less effective against renal cancer in vitro. Herein we report the synthesis of new bimetallic Ti–Au compounds by the incorporation of two previously reported highly active gold(I)‐N‐heterocyclic carbene fragments derived from 4,5‐diarylimidazoles. The two new compounds [(η5‐C5H5)2TiMe(μ‐mba)Au(NHC)] (where NHC=1,3‐dibenzyl‐4,5‐diphenylimidazol‐2‐ylidene, NHC‐Bn 2 a; or 1,3‐diethyl‐4,5‐diphenylimidazol‐2‐ylidene, NHC‐Et 2 b) with the dual linker (‐OC(O)‐p‐C6H4‐S‐) containing both a carboxylate and a thiolate group were evaluated in vitro against renal and prostate cancer cell lines. The compounds were found to be more cytotoxic than previously described Ti–Au compounds containing non‐optimized gold(I)‐N‐heterocyclic fragments. We present studies to evaluate their effects on cell death pathways, migration, inhibition of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the PC3 prostate cancer cell line. The results show that the incorporation of a second metallic fragment such as titanocene into biologically active gold(I) compounds improves their pharmacological profile.
Toward the Characterization of DAPT Interactions with γ‐Secretase
Authors: Aguayo‐Ortiz Rodrigo , Guzmán‐Ocampo Dulce C. , Dominguez Laura 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDAPT is a potent γ‐secretase (GS) inhibitor that blocks the production of short amyloid‐β (Aβ) peptides. Aggregation and oligomerization of Aβ peptides have been associated with the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease. A recent cryo‐electron microscopy density map disclosed DAPT binding at the GS active site. In this study, we employed the density map data to assign a possible binding pose of DAPT to characterize its dynamic behavior through different molecular dynamics simulation approaches. Our simulations showed a high preference of DAPT for the intramembrane region of the protein and that its entry site is located between TM2 and TM3 of PS1. DAPT interaction with the active site led to a decreased flexibility of key PS1 regions related to the recognition and internalization of GS substrates. Moreover, our study showed that the proximity of DAPT to the catalytic aspartic acids should be able to modify its protonation states, preventing the enzyme from reaching its active form. These results provide valuable information toward understanding the molecular mechanism of a GS inhibitor for the development of novel Alzheimer's disease treatments.
Design of Colloidally Stable and Non‐Toxic Petox‐Based Polymersomes for Cargo Molecule Encapsulation
Authors: Oz Umut Can , Kucukturkmen Berrin , Ozkose Umut Ugur , Gulyuz Sevgi , Bolat Zeynep Busra , Telci Dilek , Sahin Fikrettin , Yilmaz Ozgur , Bozkir Asuman 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPolymersomes are vesicular constructs formed by the self‐assembly of polymer amphiphiles. Here we report the fabrication of PEtOx‐b‐PLA polymersomes at physiological pH/salt concentration and the determination of a fPEtOx range, which is one of the most recognized factors that governs the self‐assembly of amphiphilic copolymers, for the first time. The findings indicate that PEtOx‐b‐PLA copolymers, containing PEtOx fractions of varied lengths, self‐assemble to form polymersomes in the range of 98.35 to 119.50 nm. The encapsulation potential of PEtOx‐b‐PLA polymersomes was demonstrated by loading of docetaxel (hydrophobic) with 17.90% encapsulation efficiency and by loading of pDNA (hydrophilic) with 65.03% encapsulation efficiency. In addition, size distribution profiles showed that polymersomes are colloidally stable for 24 h at 37 °C and for 3 months at +4 °C. The cell viability results showed that PEtOx‐b‐PLA copolymer and polymersomes are not cytotoxic to HUVEC, HEK293 and hMSC cell lines.
Enhanced Charge Transport via Metallic 1T Phase Transition Metal Dichalcogenides‐Mediated Hole Transport Layer Engineering for Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Choi Yunseong , Jung Seungon , Oh Nam Khen , Lee Junghyun , Seo Jihyung , Kim Ungsoo , Koo Donghwan , Park Hyesung 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn perovskite photovoltaic cells having a p‐i‐n structure, the hole transport layer (HTL) plays an important role in device performance because it has a direct impact on the crystallinity of overlying perovskite films as well as the interfacial charge transport. Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT : PSS) has been widely used as an HTL owing to its desirable electrical and optical properties with solution processability. However, improving the functionality of PEDOT : PSS still requires broad attention to maximize the related solar cell performance, such as further enhancing the electrical properties to achieve better charge transport at the electrode and photoactive layer interface and reducing the nucleation energy barrier to improve crystallinity of the overlying perovskite films. Two‐dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have been studied in various optoelectronic devices owing to their intriguing optoelectric features. In this study, tungsten diselenide (WSe2) was implemented with PEDOT : PSS to enhance the performance in p‐i‐n perovskite solar cells. The incorporation of WSe2 into PEDOT : PSS led to improved charge transport at the photoactive layer and electrode interface as well as the favorable growth of the perovskite crystal. As a result, a notable improvement in the performance of the solar cell having the WSe2‐mediated PEDOT : PSS HTL was observed in comparison to that of the PEDOT : PSS only device, which had power conversion efficiencies of 16.3% and 13.8%, respectively. The facile approach proposed in this study may be readily extended to various other perovskite‐based optoelectronic devices beyond solar cells toward the enhancement of device functionality.
Photocatalytic Selective Ring Hydrogenation of Phenol to Cyclohexanone over a Palladium‐Loaded Titanium(IV) Oxide under Hydrogen‐Free Conditions
Authors: Kinoshita Atsufumi , Nakanishi Kousuke , Tanaka Atsuhiro , Hashimoto Keiji , Kominami Hiroshi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPhotocatalytic ring hydrogenation of phenol proceeded in an aqueous suspension of palladium‐loaded TiO2 at room temperature in the presence of oxalic acid as a hole scavenger, and cyclohexanone was produced in a high yield (90 %) without the use of hydrogen gas. Cyclohexanone was formed via keto‐enol tautomerism of cyclohexenol. The effects of hole scavengers and solvents on the hydrogenation of phenol can be explained by the adsorption behaviour of phenol and hole scavengers in the solvents. Over a Pd‐TiO2 photocatalyst, the apparent activation energy (Ea) in the ring hydrogenation of phenol and the Ea value in the hydrogenation of cyclohexanone were estimated to be 25 kJ mol−1 and 36 kJ mol−1, respectively, as calculated by using the Arrhenius equation. We concluded that the difference in the Ea values is attributable to the selective production of cyclohexanone and the decreased production of cyclohexanol in the ring hydrogenation of phenol over a Pd‐TiO2 photocatalyst.
Coexistence and competitive exclusion in mutualism
Authors: Johnson Christopher A. , Bronstein Judith L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe competitive exclusion principle is fundamental to understanding coexistence. Well‐established theories predict the conditions for coexistence in consumer–resource interactions. Given that species often compete for commodities offered by mutualists, competitive exclusion theory should also be critical to understanding how mutualisms function. We explicitly apply the competitive exclusion principle to mutualism and derive a rule analogous to Tilman's R* rule for exploitative competition. Coexistence is impossible when competitors compete solely for a shared partner‐provided commodity because superior competitors deplete that commodity sufficiently to exclude inferior competitors. We then investigate how competition between two guild members for a partner‐provided commodity and a resource external to the mutualism affects competitor coexistence. There are three key results. First, coexistence is possible via partitioning of a partner‐provided commodity and another resource. Second, unlike in classic R* Theory, competitive outcomes are influenced both by species’ abilities to obtain commodities and their mutualisms with the shared commodity‐providing partner, which can indirectly alleviate competitors’ commodity limitation. Third, the outcome of competition has important consequences for the commodity‐providing partner, which depend on the type of mutualism and the competitive abilities of competing mutualists. This theory provides a novel framework for investigating how competitors for mutualistic commodities coexist in nature.
Exercise training in patients with a left ventricular assist device (Ex‐VAD): rationale and design of a multicentre, prospective, assessor‐blinded, randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Bobenko Anna , Schoenrath Felix , Knierim Jan H. , Friede Tim , Verheyen Nicolas , Mehra Mandeep R. , Haykowsky Mark , Herrmann‐Lingen Christoph , Duvinage André , Pieske‐Kraigher Elisabeth , Halle Martin , Falk Volkmar , Pieske Burkert , Edelmann Frank 
Published: March 2019

AimsLeft ventricular assist device (LVAD) therapy is a promising option for patients with advanced heart failure (HF), refractory to guideline‐mandated medical treatment either as a bridge to heart transplantation or as lifelong therapy. Functional capacity improves after LVAD implantation but remains reduced in patients with long‐term LVAD therapy. Exercise training (ET) improves functional capacity and quality of life (QoL) in HF and may provide incremental benefits in patients supported with LVAD therapy.MethodsThe primary objective of Ex‐VAD is to investigate whether a 12‐week supervised ET can improve peak oxygen uptake (peakVO2) measured by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) on an ergometer. The study is powered to demonstrate a group difference of 3 mL/min/kg in peakVO2 at week 12, with a power of 0.9 and a standard deviation of 5 mL/min/kg. After baseline assessments to determine whether ET is safe, 66 patients at six trial sites with advanced HF and LVAD therapy will be randomized 2:1 to supervised ET or to the control arm of usual care alone. Patients randomized to ET will perform supervised aerobic endurance and resistance ET (three times/week) for 12 weeks. At baseline and during follow‐up, anthropometry, CPET, echocardiography (at rest and exercise), and QoL evaluation will be performed. Blood samples will be collected to examine cardiac‐specific relevant biomarkers. Overall physical activity, training sessions, and adherence will be monitored and documented throughout the study using accelerometers and patient diaries.ConclusionsThe Ex‐VAD trial will assess the effects of a supervised ET programme on peakVO2 and QoL in patients with LVAD. As LVAD therapy moves from crisis support to ambulatory functional enhancement, this trial will provide a rationale to improve functional capacity and, in perspective, cardiovascular outcomes in LVAD‐supported patients with advanced HF.
Mercury Concentrations Vary Within and Among Individual Bird Feathers: A Critical Evaluation and Guidelines for Feather Use in Mercury Monitoring Programs
Authors: Peterson Sarah H. , Ackerman Joshua T. , Toney Matthew , Herzog Mark P. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Feathers are widely used to represent mercury contamination in birds. Yet, few recommendations exist that provide guidance for using bird feathers in mercury monitoring programs. We conducted a literature review and 5 experiments to show that mercury concentrations vary substantially within (vane &gt;100% higher than calamus) and among (&gt;1000%) individual feathers from the same bird. We developed a research tool and guidelines for using bird feathers for mercury studies based on 3 components: 1) variability of feather mercury concentrations within an individual bird (coefficient of variation), 2) desired accuracy of the measured mercury concentration, and 3) feather and bird mass. Our results suggest a general rule that if the goal is to limit analytical and processing costs by using whole feathers in only one sample boat, then to achieve an accuracy within 10% of a bird's overall average feather mercury concentration a bird with a coefficient of variation ≤10% must be &lt;190 g (size of a large shorebird). To achieve an accuracy within 20%, a bird with a coefficient of variation ≤10% must be &lt;920 g (a large duck). When more than one sample boat is needed to fit the required number of feathers to achieve the desired accuracy, the results suggest homogenizing feathers and analyzing an aliquot of ≥20 mg for mercury. The present study suggests increasing the number of feathers typically used per bird to assess mercury concentrations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1164–1187. Published 2019 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Abstract
Feather mercury variability within a bird.
An analysis of illiquidity in commodity markets
Authors: Cho Sungjun , Ganepola Chanaka N. , Garrett Ian 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe examine the liquidity and insurance premia demanded by hedgers and speculators in commodity markets. We find that hedgers and speculators demand a higher premium for illiquid commodities for providing insurance and liquidity, respectively. Decomposing illiquidity into turnover and size components, we find evidence of a size premium associated with the insurance premium such that speculators demand a larger insurance premium for smaller commodities. We also find that the liquidity premium demanded by hedgers for illiquid commodities varies across bullish and bearish markets with hedgers demanding a larger premium from speculators trading in illiquid commodities in bearish markets.