bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Regional Anesthetic Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block on Self‐Reported Pain in Patients With Status Migrainosus
Authors: Mehta Dev , Leary Megan C. , Yacoub Hussam A. , El‐Hunjul Mohammed , Kincaid Hope , Koss Vitaliy , Wachter Katrina , Malizia Don , Glassman Barry , Castaldo John E. 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundStatus migrainosus (SM) is defined as a debilitating migraine attack lasting more than 72 hours in patients previously known to suffer from migraine headache. Typically, these attacks fail to respond to over the counter and abortive medications. The sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) plays a critical role in propagating both pain and the autonomic symptoms commonly associated with migraines. SPG block via transnasal lidocaine is moderately effective in reducing migraine symptoms, but this approach is often poorly tolerated and the results are inconsistent. We proposed that an SPG block using a suprazygomatic injection approach would be a safe and effective option to abort or alleviate pain and autonomic symptoms of SM.MethodsThrough a retrospective records review, we identified patients with a well‐established diagnosis of migraine, based on the International Headache Society criteria. Patients selected for study inclusion were diagnosed with SM, had failed to respond to 2 or more abortive medications, and had received a suprazygomatic SPG block. Patients had also been asked to rate their pain on a 1–10 Likert scale, both before and 30 minutes after the injection.ResultsEighty‐eight consecutive patients (20 men and 68 women) received a total of 252 suprazygomatic SPG block procedures in the outpatient headache clinic after traditional medications failed to abort their SM. At 30 minutes following the injections, there was a 67.2% (±26.6%) reduction in pain severity with a median reduction of 5 points (IQR= −6 to −3) on the Likert scale (ranging from 1 to 10). Overall, patients experienced a statistically significant reduction in pain severity (P < .0001).ConclusionThe SPG is known to play an integral role in the pathophysiology of facial pain and the trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias, although its exact role in the generation and maintenance of migraine headache remains unclear. Regional anesthetic suprazygomatic SPG block is potentially effective for immediate relief of SM. We believe the procedure is simple to perform and has minimal risk.
Safe pseudoelastic limit range under torsional loading with Reciproc Blue
Authors: Ha J.‐H. , De‐Deus G. , Versluis A. , Kwak S. W. , Kim H.‐C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimTo determine the distortional angle and torsional load at the pseudoelastic limit of Reciproc Blue instruments and to verify the safety of using pre‐set dedicated motors designed for use with the original Reciproc instruments.MethodologyTwo torsional conditions of Reciproc R25 and Reciproc Blue R25 were tested using a custom device. The first condition fixed the file tips at 3 mm and repetitively rotated them, with gradually increasing angles, from 10° to 270°, and the resulting torque was recorded (n = 15). The second test involved a single continuous rotation until fracture (n = 15). The pseudoelastic limits of the instruments were determined from their torque‐rotation curves. For statistical analysis, two‐way analysis of variance and t‐tests were used, at a 95% significance level. Tested specimens were examined using field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM).ResultsThe angle at the pseudoelastic limit was significantly greater for Reciproc Blue than Reciproc, regardless of test mode (P < 0.05). When torsional loading was repeated, using gradually increasing rotational angles, the torsional resistance was significantly lower than for a single rotation (P < 0.05). However, under all test conditions, the pseudoelastic limit was below the pre‐set 170° of the dedicated reciprocating motor. FE‐SEM evaluation of the lateral aspects of the instruments revealed numerous longitudinal microcracks running along their long axis. For Reciproc Blue groups, the file shaft machining grooves were distorted after repetitive and continuous torsional tests.ConclusionsThe 170° pre‐set angle of the dedicated endodontic motors for the Reciproc system was safe for Reciproc Blue in single or time‐restricted use.
Impact of root canal preparation performed by ProTaper Next or Reciproc on the quality of life of patients: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Oliveira P. S. , da Costa K. N. B. , Carvalho C. N. , Ferreira M. C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimTo compare the impact of the two different root canal preparation systems on the quality of life of patients and correlate postoperative pain with the impact on quality of life.MethodologyA randomized clinical trial was conducted with 58 patients allocated into two groups based on the root canal preparation system employed: ProTaper Next (PN) or Reciproc (R). Data collection involved the administration of a questionnaire addressing demographic and clinical characteristics, the OHIP‐14 (quality of life) and a visual analog scale (pain). The latter two were the outcomes of interest and were administered in the first 24 h after root canal treatment. The data were submitted to descriptive analysis, bivariate analysis, Poisson univariate and multiple regression, and Spearman's correlation test, with a 5% significance level.ResultsA greater frequency of impact after treatment was found for the items ‘uncomfortable to eat food’ and ‘felt self‐conscious’. No significant difference between groups was found regarding the severity of impact for total OHIP‐14 score or any of the domain scores.ConclusionsThe two root canal preparation systems exerted a similar impact on quality of life. Postoperative pain was correlated with impact on quality of life, affecting chewing function, self‐consciousness and stress. Thus, it is important for dentists to provide care capable of preventing or treating the negative consequences of such therapy.
White and yellow dots as new trichoscopic signs of severe female androgenetic alopecia in dark skin phototypes
Authors: Tawfik Soha S. , Sorour Osama A. , Alariny Aly F. , Elmorsy Eman H. , Moneib Hoda 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundAndrogenetic alopecia or female pattern hair loss is the condition that most commonly leads to hair loss in adult females. The trichoscope is used for the early diagnosis of the disease. The study aims at finding a possible association between trichoscopic signs and disease severity in dark‐skinned females.MethodsThis was an observational study involving trichoscopic examination of 129 females with different hair disorders.ResultsClinical and trichoscopic examination revealed 79 patients with androgenetic alopecia. All patients showed hair shaft diameter diversity. The predominance of one hair per follicle was found in 97.4% (77/79), peripilar brown halo in 32.9% (26/79), peripilar white halo in 10.1% (8/79), and honeycomb‐like scalp pigmentation in 17.7% (14/79) of patients, yellow dots in 15.2% (12/79), white dots in 20.3% (16/79), and hidden hair in 7.6% (6/79). Yellow dots and white dots were positively correlated with the advanced Ludwig and Sinclair staging of hair loss. Peripilar sign, honeycomb pigmentation, and white dots were associated significantly with darker skin types. The other 50 patients were diagnosed with the following: normal healthy controls (10/50), telogen effluvium (25/50), alopecia areata (4/50), fibrosing alopecia in pattern distribution (4/50), folliculitis decalvans (2/50), discoid lupus erythematosus (1/50), lichen planopilaris (2/50), frontal fibrosing alopecia (1/50), and end‐stage cicatricial alopecia (1/50).ConclusionsThe yellow dot and white dot signs are suggested as new dermoscopic findings in advanced androgenetic alopecia. Peripilar sign, honeycomb pigmentation, and white dots are characteristic signs of female androgenetic alopecia in ethnic groups of darker skin.
Weight‐based tacrolimus trough concentrations post liver transplant
Authors: Liu Zheng , Cheng Jeffrey , Powell Elizabeth , Macdonald Graeme , Fawcett Jonathan , Lynch Stephen , Martin Jennifer 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundTacrolimus is one of the most widely used liver transplant medications. With the increasing number of obese patients requiring liver transplants, knowledge of the effect of body size affecting post‐transplant outcomes, for example drug exposure is increasingly required.Aims(i) To investigate whether patient body size (i.e. total bodyweight) affects trough plasma concentrations of tacrolimus when a standard mg/kg dosing regimen is used; and (ii) to investigate whether obese patients have different numbers of plasma concentrations outside the therapeutic range compared to non‐obese patients in the first months after liver transplant.MethodsUsing a transplant database, data tacrolimus concentrations were available for 69 patients. Tacrolimus was initially dosed at a standard 0.1 mg/kg/day after liver transplant, and adjusted to maintain a target trough concentration. Trough blood samples, phenotypic and outcome variables were analysed.ResultsTrough concentrations were similar between obese and non‐obese patients (P > 0.05) at each sampling day. At day 7 post‐transplant, 85.7% and 79.5% of the observed plasma concentrations were outside the recommended therapeutic range for obese and non‐obese patients respectively, at day 30, 52.9% and 57.4%, and at 6 months, 18.7% and 27.5%.ConclusionIn the first week post‐transplant, tacrolimus trough concentrations after standard mg/kg dosing post liver transplant appear to be corrected by total bodyweight. Obese patients have a similar number of trough plasma concentrations outside the therapeutic range compared to non‐obese patients.
Variation in out‐of‐hospital death among palliative care inpatients across public hospitals in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Assareh Hassan , Stubbs Joanne M. , Trinh Lieu T. T. , Muruganantham Poorani , Achat Helen M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundPlace of death is an important indicator in palliative care, as out‐of‐hospital death is often preferred by patients and is less costly for the healthcare system.AimTo examine variation and contributing factors in out‐of‐hospital death after receiving palliative care in hospital to inform improvement in transition of care between hospitals and communities.MethodsUsing hospital linked data (July 2010, June 2015) we followed individuals aged 50 or older who received palliative care in hospital and within 3 months to death who were last admitted to a public acute‐care hospital in New South Wales, Australia (73 hospitals).ResultsAmong 25 359 palliative care inpatients, 3677 (14%) died out of hospital. The out‐of‐hospital death rate was lower for younger patients, males and those living in the most deprived areas; it was higher for cancer patients and those who received palliative care before their last admission. Hospital size, location and availability of hospice care unit were not influential. Across hospitals, the median crude rate of out‐of‐hospital death was 14% (interquartile range 10–19%). The contributing factors explained 19% of the variation, resulting in a rate difference of 44% between hospitals with high versus low rates; 25% of hospitals had a higher and 14% had a lower than average adjusted out‐of‐hospital death rate.ConclusionThe majority of patients who received palliative care in hospital stayed in hospital until death. The variation in out‐of‐hospital death across hospitals was considerable and mostly remained unexplained. This variability warrants investigation into transition of palliative care between hospitals and communities to inform interventions.
Catastrophic health expenditure among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A province‐wide study in Shandong, China
Authors: Jing Zhengyue , Chu Jie , Imam Syeda Zerin , Zhang Xinyi , Xu Qiongqiong , Sun Long , Zhou Chengchao 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAims/IntroductionDiabetes mellitus often causes high economic burden on the patients and their households. The present study aimed to assess the incidence and intensity of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) relating to type 2 diabetes mellitus care, and to explore its determinants in China.Materials and MethodsA total of 1,948 type 2 diabetes patients were included in the analysis. CHE for type 2 diabetes mellitus was defined as out‐of‐pocket payments for diabetes care that were ≥40% of the non‐food expenditure of a household. The Chi‐square‐test was used to identify the factors associated with CHE. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the effects of explanatory analysis variables.ResultsThe incidence of CHE for type 2 diabetes mellitus care was 13.8%. An association was observed between CHE incidence and household income level, and the poorest group was more likely to experience CHE as a result of diabetes mellitus care. The type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with complications were found to be more likely to experience CHE. Diabetes patients who experienced outpatient or inpatient services increased the likelihood of CHE, and those who experienced inpatient services were more likely to incur CHE.ConclusionsType 2 diabetes mellitus has a significantly catastrophic effect on patients and their households in China. Early screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients among the high‐risk groups and effective management of the detected cases should be priorities to reduce the overall healthcare expenditure for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Classification of injuries observed in functional classes of self‐injurious behaviour
Authors: Rooker G. W. , Hausman N. L. , Fisher A. B. , Gregory M. K. , Lawell J. L. , Hagopian L. P. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundLimited research has examined how the functions of self‐injurious behaviour (SIB) relate to the production of injuries and the location, type or severity of those injuries.MethodsClinical and medical records were coded for 64 individuals hospitalised for SIB. When injuries were present, the physical properties of SIB and injuries were assessed across groups of individuals with automatically and socially maintained SIB.ResultsInjuries were observed for 35 of the individuals who engaged in SIB. Individuals who engaged in a single form of SIB were more likely to have injuries (P < .05). Individuals with SIB maintained by automatic reinforcement had significantly more severe injuries to the head than those in the social group (q < .05, P = .0132, H = 12.54).ConclusionAlthough results are preliminary, the results provide evidence that the function of SIB may influence the severity and location of injuries produced.
Aromatase as a target for treating endometriosis
Authors: Mori Taisuke , Ito Fumitake , Koshiba Akemi , Kataoka Hisashi , Tanaka Yukiko , Okimura Hiroyuki , Khan Khaleque N. , Kitawaki Jo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEndometriosis is a common gynecological disease that causes various clinical symptoms, such as chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea and infertility, seriously affecting women's health and their quality of life. The symptoms and endometriotic lesions are relieved, in many cases, after menopause, when estrogen levels are lowered. Therefore, endometriosis is considered to be estrogen‐dependent. Aromatase, the enzyme responsible for the last step of estrogen biosynthesis converting testosterone and androgen to estrogen, was previously reported to be more abundant in endometriotic tissues than in the normal endometrium, leading to an increased local estrogen concentration. Therefore, aromatase is considered a key therapeutic target for regulating local estrogen biosynthesis in endometriosis. A more complete understanding of the mechanisms that modulate aromatase and its activity is required to develop novel estrogen‐targeted therapies for endometriosis. In this review article, we outline the current understanding of the pathological processes involved in estrogen production in endometriosis and propose novel strategies to treat this disorder.
Premaxilla Stress Distribution and Bone Resorption Induced by Implant Overdenture and Conventional Denture
Authors: Alsrouji Mohamed Samih , Ahmad Rohana , Abdul Razak Noor Hayati , Shuib Solehuddin , Kuntjoro Wahyu , Baba Nadim Z. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPurposeTo relate the principal stress, strain, and total deformation in the premaxilla region beneath a complete denture to the pattern of premaxilla bone resorption when opposed by a conventional complete denture (CD) or by a two‐implant‐retained overdenture (IOD) using finite element analysis (FEA).Materials and MethodsThree‐dimensional solid models of the maxilla, mucosa, and denture of a selected edentulous patient were created using Mimics and CATIA software. The FEA model was created and duplicated in ANSYS 16.0 to perform two simulations for the IOD and the CD models. The values of maximum stress and strain and total deformation were obtained and compared to the outcomes of premaxilla resorption from a parallel clinical study.ResultsThe maximum principal stress in the premaxilla in the IOD model ranged from 0.019 to 0.336 MPa, while it ranged from 0.011 to 0.193 MPa in the CD model. The maximum principal strain in the IOD model was 1.75 times greater than that in the CD model. Total deformation was 1.8 times higher in the IOD model. Greater bone resorption was observed in regions of higher stress, which were on the occlusal and buccal sides of the premaxilla residual ridge.ConclusionStress, strain, and total deformation values present in the premaxilla area beneath a CD were approximately two times greater in a comparison between an opposing mandibular two‐IOD and an opposing mandibular CD. The results were consistent with a parallel clinical study in which the rate of premaxilla bone resorption was almost three times greater in the IOD group.
Why are you so optimistic? Effects of sociodemographic factors, individual experiences, and peer characteristics on optimism in early adolescents
Authors: Tetzner Julia , Becker Michael 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveAlthough a growing body of research has confirmed the manifold advantages of being an optimist, only a limited body of previous research has addressed the antecedents of optimism in real‐life situations. This study examined whether parental socioeconomic status (SES), age‐salient experiences (i.e., doing well in school and perceiving acceptance from peers), and aspects of the student composition at school contribute to changes in the optimism of early adolescents.MethodWe followed a large sample of German seventh graders (N = 7,272; 52.9% females; baselineMage= 14.1) at two measurement points over a period of 5 months and estimated latent regression models.ResultsFirst, optimism showed medium‐sized rank‐order stability between both measurement points. Second, parental SES predicted changes in optimism, but this effect was fully mediated by age‐salient experiences. Third, positive age‐salient experiences (i.e., academic achievement and perceived peer acceptance) predicted positive changes in early adolescents’ optimism. Fourth, our results suggested no effects of school peer composition.ConclusionsThe findings broaden our current knowledge about antecedents of changes in optimism during early adolescence by highlighting the effects of positive age‐salient experiences, namely, academic achievement and perceived acceptance from peers.
Teleological explanation and positive emotion serially mediate the effect of religion on well‐being
Authors: Ramsay Jonathan E. , Tong Eddie M. W. , Chowdhury Avijit , Ho Moon‐Ho R. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectivePrevious research has demonstrated a robust relationship between religion and well‐being, and it has been proposed that positive emotions are important mediators of this effect. Yet the mechanism via which religion promotes positive emotions has not been widely studied. We sought to examine whether teleological explanations of daily events and resulting positive emotions serially mediated the effects of religion on well‐being.MethodThese hypotheses were tested over three studies involving full‐time and part‐time university students in Singapore. In Study 1, participants completed measures of religiousness and well‐being, and explained and described three recent personally significant events and their resulting emotions. Studies 2 and 3 adopted an ecological momentary assessment approach to measure teleological explanations, resulting emotions, and well‐being in almost real time.ResultsIn Study 1, teleological explanations and positive emotions serially mediated the effects of religiousness on well‐being. In Study 2, momentary teleological explanations of daily events mediated the positive relationship between religiousness and momentary positive emotions. In Study 3, serial mediation of the relationship between religiousness and momentary well‐being by momentary teleological explanations and positive emotions was observed.ConclusionsThese results provide evidence of the importance of teleological explanations of daily events in religious enhancement of well‐being.
Causality from long‐lived radiative forcings to the climate trend
Authors: Estrada Francisco , Perron Pierre 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn our study, we present a purely statistical observations‐based model‐free analysis that provides evidence about Granger causality (GC) from long‐lived radiative forcings (LLRFs) to the climate trend (CT). This relies on having locally ordered breaks in the slopes of the trend functions of LLRF and the CT, with the break for LLRF occurring before that of the CT and with the slope changes being of the same sign. The empirical evidence indicates that these conditions are satisfied empirically using standard global surface temperature series and an aggregate measure of LLRF (carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and chlorofluorocarbons). We also discuss why the presence of broken trends can lead one to conclude in favor of GC when using standard methods even if the noise function in LLRF is negligible.
The Affective Experience of Aesthetic Properties
Authors: Goffin Kris 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIt is widely agreed upon that aesthetic properties, such as grace, balance, and elegance, are perceived. I argue that aesthetic properties are experientially attributed to some non‐perceptible objects. For example, a mathematical proof can be experienced as elegant. In order to give a unified explanation of the experiential attribution of aesthetic properties to both perceptible and non‐perceptible objects, one has to reject the idea that aesthetic properties are perceived. I propose an alternative view: the affective account. I argue that the standard case of experiential aesthetic property attribution is affective experience.
Cold stress signalling in female reproductive tissues
Authors: Albertos Pablo , Wagner Konstantin , Poppenberger Brigitte 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCold stress is a significant threat for plant productivity and impacts on plant distribution and crop production, particularly so when it occurs during the growth phase. A developmental stage at risk is that of flowering, since a single stress event during sensitive stages, such as the full‐bloom stage of fruit trees can be fatal for reproductive success. Although pollen development and fertilization are widely viewed as the most critical reproductive phases, the development and function of female reproductive tissues, which in Angiosperms are embedded in the gynoecium, are also affected by cold stress. Today however, we have essentially no understanding of the cold stress response pathways that act during floral organogenesis. In this review, we briefly summarize our current knowledge of cold stress signalling modules active in vegetative tissues that may provide a framework of general principles also transferable to female reproductive tissues. We then align these signalling cascades with those that govern gynoecium development to identify factors that may act in both processes and could thereby contribute to cold stress responses in female reproductive tissues.