bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuropathic pain: Diagnosis and treatment from the dental clinic to the multidisciplinary pain clinic
Authors: Delcanho Robert , Peck Chris 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAn understanding of the clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, and evidence‐based management of the various neuropathic orofacial pain conditions is particularly important for dental practitioners, as these conditions may present as, and are frequently misdiagnosed as being of dental origin. This may lead to inappropriate, invasive, irreversible, and potentially pain aggravating dental treatment. A consistent approach to assessment and management of neuropathic pain is essential to better understand the burden of this disease and determine, through research, whether or not management strategies are effective. Importantly, this consistency provides a common language for health practitioners, patients, researchers, funding bodies, policy makers and other groups involved directly or indirectly in pain management.
Morphological, radiographic and computed tomographic evaluation of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the one‐humped camel
Authors: Alsafy Mohamed A. M. , El‐Gendy Samir A. , Kamal Basma 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe camel digits have a complex structure with tendons, joints and ligaments. The objective of the study was to determine the anatomical features of the metatarsophalangeal joint and its puncture site in dromedary camel using anatomical dissection, radiography, computed tomography (CT) bone and soft tissue window scans and 3D reconstruction render volume of CT. The study used six adult camels of both sexes (three males and three females), aged 9–15 years (Mean ± SD equal 11.80 ± 2.59 years). The camel fetlock possesses two metatarsophalangeal joints, left and right ones. The study described in detail the bony structures, ligaments and joint capsule of the metatarsophalangeal joint. The straight sesamoidean ligament was recorded in the studied one‐humped camel joints. The joint capsule exhibited two recesses: dorsal and plantar recess. This is the first study to report the dorsal recess as triangular in outline with one proximal recess and two distal recesses, and the plantar recess as having two proximal recesses and one distal recess. The soft tissues examined around the fetlock were the proper extensor tendon, superficial, deep digital flexor tendon, digital scutum, collateral ligaments and sesamoidean ligaments. The plantar and dorsal pouches were the sites of joint injection. The present findings regarding joint injection indicate the plantar approach through plantar recess to fetlock to be preferable than the dorsal one as we used the proximal sesamoid bones and suspensory ligament as landmarks to inject easily.
Potential dysfunctional effects of synonymous variants: Insights from an exhaustive in silico analysis of the ABCB4 gene
Authors: Khabou Boudour , Tabebi Mouna , Siala‐Sahnoun Olfa , Mkaouar‐Rebai Emna , Rebai Ahmed , Fakhfakh Faiza 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe multiple drug resistance 3 (MDR3) protein is a canalicular phospholipid translocator involved in the bile secretion and encoded by the ABCB4 gene. Its deficiency is related to a large spectrum of liver diseases. Taking into account the increased evidence about the involvement of synonymous variants in inherited diseases, this study aims to explore the putative effects of silent genetic variants on the ABCB4 expression. We performed an exhaustive computational approach using ESE finder, RegRNA 2.0, MFOLD, SNPfold, and %MinMax software added to the measurement of the Relative Synonymous Codon Usage. This analysis included 216 synonymous variants distributed throughout the ABCB4 gene. Results have shown that 11 synonymous coding SNPs decrease the ESE activity, while 8 of them change the codon frequency. Besides, the c.24C>T variation, located 21 nucleotides downstream the start A (Adenine) U (Uracil) G (Glutamine) AUG causes an increase in the local stability. Moreover, the computational analysis of the 3′UTR region showed that six of the eight variants located in this region affected the Wild Type (WT) pattern of the miRNA targets sites and/or their proper display. The 26 sSNPs retained as putatively functional possessed a very low allele frequency, supporting their pathogenicity. In conclusion, the obtained results suggest that some synonymous SNPs in the ABCB4 gene, considered up to now as neutral, may be involved in the MDR3 deficiency.
Development and pilot testing of the revised Patients’ Attitudes Towards Deprescribing questionnaire for people with cognitive impairment
Authors: Reeve Emily , Anthony Allicia C , Kouladjian O'Donnell Lisa , Low Lee‐Fay , Ogle Susan J , Glendenning James E , Lorang Catriona EB , Hilmer Sarah N 
Published: August 2018

Objectives(i) To develop a version of the revised Patients’ Attitude Towards Deprescribing (rPATD) questionnaire for people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild‐to‐moderate dementia (rPATDcog); and (ii) to capture the beliefs and attitudes of this population and their carers about deprescribing through a pilot study.MethodsFirst, the rPATDcog was modified from the rPATD and tested in a small group of participants with MCI or mild dementia, and then, we conducted a pilot study of the rPATDcog and the carers’ rPATD.ResultsTwenty‐one participants with cognitive impairment and 11 carer participants (forming dyads) participated in this study. Eighty‐one per cent (17/21) of participants said that they would stop one or more of their medications if their doctor said it was possible. There was an excellent agreement of corresponding questions between dyads.ConclusionThe rPATDcog was feasible to administer in this study. Further work is required to provide generalisable results and determine utility in practice.
Progestin‐based contraception regimens modulate expression of putative HIV risk factors in the vaginal epithelium of pig‐tailed Macaques
Authors: Bosinger Steven E. , Tharp Gregory K. , Patel Nirav B. , Zhao Chunxia , Payne Tamika L. , Dietz Ostergaard Sharon , Butler Katherine , Ellis Shanon , Johnson Ryan L. , Kersh Ellen N. , McNicholl Janet M. , Vishwanathan Sundaram A. 
Published: August 2018

ProblemIn women, the use of progestin‐based contraception may increase the risk of vaginal HIV acquisition. We previously showed in macaques that there is a significantly higher simian‐human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) acquisition rate in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, which presents a naturally high‐progesterone state, and this may be attributable to altered expression of innate immune factors. We hypothesized that progestin‐based contraception, especially depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), would, in a similar way, affect mucosal immune factors that influence HIV acquisition risk.Method of studyWe used a pig‐tailed macaque model to evaluate the effects of two progestin‐based contraceptives, DMPA, and levonorgestrel (LNG)/ethinyl estradiol (EE)‐based combined oral contraceptives (COCs), on innate mucosal factors. We compared the vaginal epithelial thickness data from previous studies and used cytokine profiling and microarray analysis to evaluate contraception‐induced molecular changes in the vagina.ResultsThe administration of DMPA caused a reduction in the thickness of the vaginal epithelium relative to that of the follicular or luteal phase. DMPA also induced a significant increase in vaginal levels of the anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10. Both DMPA‐ and LNG‐based contraception induced a signature of gene expression similar to that of the luteal phase, only more exacerbated, including widespread downregulation of antiviral genes.ConclusionThe use of progestin‐based contraception might engender a milieu that poses an increased risk of HIV acquisition as compared to both the luteal and follicular phases of the menstrual cycle.
Amniotic fluid proteomic signatures of cervical insufficiency and their association with length of latency
Authors: Govia Rachelle N. M. , Birse Kenzie D. , Sepehri Shadi , Khafipour Ehsan , Menticoglou Savas M. , Burgener Adam D. , Poliquin Vanessa 
Published: August 2018

ProblemCervical insufficiency is a precursor of preterm birth. Treatment with emergency cervical cerclage is contraindicated in the presence of intra‐amniotic infection. Detecting infection with Gram stain and culture of amniotic fluid lacks sensitivity. Proteomic profiling of amniotic fluid in cervical insufficiency may help identify pregnancies best suited for emergency cerclage.Method of studyThirty‐two pregnant women underwent amniocentesis for routine genetic testing (n = 22) or after diagnosis of cervical insufficiency (n = 10). The proteomic profiles of the amniotic fluid samples were compared in a cross‐sectional fashion, including sub‐analyses of women with cervical insufficiency and latency periods of <1 week and >1 week post‐diagnosis.ResultsMean gestational age at diagnosis of cervical insufficiency was 21.4 weeks (95% CI 20.6‐22.1). Proteomic analysis yielded 40 (7.2%, P < 0.05) differentially expressed proteins between women with delivery <1 week (n = 6) vs. >1 week (n = 4). Women who delivered <1 week had activated inflammatory response (z = 2.3, P = 6.71E−09), chemotaxis of immune cells (z = 2.9, P = 2.01E−08), and inhibited bacterial growth (z = ‐2.2, P = 5.82E−05). A multivariate model of eight biomarkers positively associated with cases of <1 week latency and distinguished cases from controls (97.8%, cross‐validation accuracy 92.7%, P = 0.0009).ConclusionIn this pilot study, significant differences in the amniotic fluid proteomic profiles in cases of cervical insufficiency compared to genetic amniocentesis were observed. Proteomic signatures were predictive of achieving latency > 1 week after diagnosis of cervical insufficiency. These preliminary findings suggest that proteomic analysis may be of value in predicting outcome following cervical insufficiency and warrants further validation in larger studies.
The effect of haemodynamic and peripheral vascular variability on cardiac output monitoring: thermodilution and non‐invasive pulse contour cardiac output during cardiothoracic surgery
Authors: Truijen J. , Westerhof B. E. , Kim Y.‐S. , Stok W. J. , de Mol B. A. , Preckel B. , Hollmann M. W. , van Lieshout J. J. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryWhile haemodynamic variability interferes with the assumption of constant flow underlying thermodilution cardiac output calculation, variability in (peripheral) arterial vascular physiology may affect pulse contour cardiac output methods. We compared non‐invasive finger arterial pressure‐derived continuous cardiac output measurements (Nexfin®) with cardiac output measured using thermodilution during cardiothoracic surgery and determined the impact of cardiovascular variability on either method. We compared cardiac output derived from non‐invasive finger arterial pressure with cardiac output measured by thermodilution at four grades (A–D) of cardiovascular variability. We defined Grade A data as heart rate and mean arterial pressure variability < 5% and the absence of arrhythmias (implying stable flow) and Physiocal® interval (as measure of variability in finger arterial physiology) > 30 beats. Grade B included all levels of heart rate/mean arterial pressure variability and arrhythmias (Physiocal < 30 excluded). Grade C included all Physiocal intervals (heart rate/mean arterial pressure variability > 5% and arrhythmias excluded). Grade D included all data. Comparison results were quantified as percentage errors. We analysed measurements in 27 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Before extracorporeal circulation, the percentage error was 23% (n = 14 patients) in grade A, 28% (n = 20) in grade B, 32% (n = 22) in grade C and 37% (n = 26) in grade D, with a significant increase in variance (p = 0.035). Bias did not differ between grades. After extracorporeal circulation (n = 27), percentage errors became larger, but were not different between grades. Variability during cardiothoracic surgery affected the comparison between thermodilution and non‐invasive finger arterial pressure‐derived cardiac output. When the main sources of variability were included, percentage errors were large. Future cardiac output methodology comparison studies should report haemodynamic variability.
The impact of low‐intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy on testicular function in adult rats
Authors: Zang Z.‐J. , Liu Q. , Hu J. , Feng J. , Zhu Y.‐Q. , Ma G. , Jiang M.‐H. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundLow‐intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy (Li‐ESWT) has been introduced as a treatment for penile diseases. Its impact on testicular function during treatment remains unknown.ObjectivesTo clarify whether Li‐ESWT impairs testicular function during the treatment of penile diseases by investigating the impact of Li‐ESWT on testosterone synthesis and spermatogenesis in adult rats.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐four male Sprague‐Dawley rats were equally divided into the following three groups: control group, 1.6 BAR group, and 3.2 BAR group. Rats in the experimental groups were treated with Li‐ESWT at different energy levels (300 shocks at 1.6 BAR or 3.2 BAR, 2 Hz frequency) three times a week for 3 weeks. The control group did not receive any treatment during the same period of time. One day after the last shock wave treatment, serum and testicular tissue testosterone concentrations were measured, and sperm quality was assayed. Histologic examination of the testes and quantitative real‐time PCR were performed.ResultsTestosterone levels in both the serum and testicular tissue did not change after Li‐ESWT exposure. The expression levels of steroidogenic enzymes (steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), cytochrome P450 cholesterol side‐chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc), and 3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β‐HSD)) were not impacted by Li‐ESWT. The 3.2 BAR group showed a significantly lower sperm count and lower expression of synaptonemal complex protein 3 (SYCP3) in testicular tissue than the control group. No significant differences in sperm quality or SYCP3 expression were observed between the control group and the 1.6 BAR group.ConclusionLi‐ESWT exposure at 3.2 BAR inhibited spermatogenesis and decreased sperm quality, which indicated that male patients with a desire to preserve fertility should undergo low‐energy Li‐ESWT or other treatment modalities.
Randomised study of children with obesity showed that whole body vibration reduced sclerostin
Authors: Tubic Bojan , Zeijlon Rickard , Wennergren Göran , Obermayer‐Pietsch Barbara , Mårild Staffan , Dahlgren Jovanna , Magnusson Per , Swolin‐Eide Diana 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimNew strategies are required to increase physical activity and improve metabolic profiles in children with obesity. We studied the effect of whole body vibration (WBV) on children with obesity on biochemical markers of energy and bone metabolism, anthropometric measurements, muscle parameters and calcaneal bone mineral density (BMD).MethodsThis was a randomised, prospective, controlled study of 30 children with a median age of 13 years (range 7–17) at Queen Silvia Children′s Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden, from 2013 to 2015. The target for the intervention group was to perform WBV three times a week for 12 weeks, and the study parameters were assessed at baseline and 12 weeks.ResultsThe 16 in the WBV group achieved 51% of the planned activity, mainly at home, and were compared with 14 controls. Sclerostin, bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase and carboxy‐terminal collagen cross‐links decreased in the WBV group (p < 0.05) and balance improved (p < 0.006), but osteocalcin and insulin remained unchanged. Anthropometric data, muscle strength and calcaneal BMD did not differ between the groups.ConclusionWBV did not affect most of the clinical parameters in children with obesity, but the reduction in sclerostin implies that it had direct effects on osteocytes, which are key players in bone mechanotransduction.
Urinary tract infection in young infants discharged from the emergency room with normal urinalysis
Authors: Rivanowitch Einat , Nassar Raouf , Kristal Eyal , Shalev Rotem , Fruchtman Yariv , Hazan Guy , Ling Galina , Melamed Rimma , Leibovitz Eugene 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimWe describe the clinical, microbiologic, therapeutic, and outcome characteristics of infants under three months of age with a positive urine culture reported after discharge from emergency department with normal urinalysis.MethodsWe enrolled all infants with a urine culture obtained during an emergency room visit during 2004–2012, discharged without antibiotic therapy and subsequently reported with a positive urine culture.ResultsThree hundred and ninety‐three positive urine cultures were reported; 46/393 (11.7%, 42 in patients under two months of age) had positive urine cultures following normal urinalysis at first visit. Fifteen (33%) had positive urine cultures at second visit; 11/15 (73%) infants with second positive urine culture were under one month of age, eight were asymptomatic and seven had mild symptoms at second visit. Pathogens isolated in all 15 infants were identical between first and second visit. All 27 infants re‐examined at second visit at the emergency room were hospitalised, completed sepsis work/up and received antibiotic treatment. None developed serious bacterial infections.ConclusionWe propose a new management approach for young infants with normal urinalysis and positive urine culture and suggest restricting the management option including hospitalisation, sepsis work/up and antibiotic treatment at second visit only to infants under one month of age.
Cost is an important factor influencing active management of extremely preterm infants
Authors: Ma Li , Liu Cuiqing , Cheah Irene , Yeo Kee Thai , Chambers Georgina M. , Kamar Azanna Ahmad , Travadi Javeed , Oei Ju Lee 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimThe attitudes of neonatologists towards the active management of extremely premature infants in a developing country like China are uncertain.MethodsA web‐based survey was sent to neonatologists from 16 provinces representing 59.6% (824.2 million) of the total population of China on October 2015 and December 2017.ResultsA total of 117 and 219 responses were received in 2015 and 2017, respectively. Compared to 2015, respondents in 2017 were more likely to resuscitate infants <25 weeks of gestation (86% vs. 72%; p < 0.05), but few would resuscitate infants ≤23 weeks of gestation in either epoch (10% vs. 6%). In both epochs, parents were responsible for >50% of the costs of intensive care, but in 2017, significantly fewer clinicians would cease intensive care (75% vs. 88%; p < 0.05) and more would request for economic aid (40% vs. 20%; p < 0.05) if parents could not afford to pay. Resource availability (e.g. ventilators) was not an important factor in either initiation or continuation of intensive care (~60% in both epochs).ConclusionCost is an important factor in the initiation and continuation of neonatal intensive care in a developing country like China. Such factors need to be taken into consideration when interpreting outcome data from these regions.
Genetic parameters and trends for production traits and their relationship with litter traits in Landrace and Yorkshire pigs
Authors: Lopez Bryan Irvine M. , Song Choulwon , Seo Kangseok 
Published: August 2018

AbstractGenetic parameters and trends in the average daily gain (ADG), backfat thickness (BF), loin muscle area (LMA), lean percentage (LP), and age at 90 kg (D90) were estimated for populations of Landrace and Yorkshire pigs. Additionally, the correlations between these production traits and litter traits were estimated. Litter traits included total born (TB) and number born alive (NBA). The data used for this study were obtained from eight farms during 1999 to 2016. Analyses were carried out with a multivariate animal model to estimate genetic parameters for production traits while bivariate analyses were performed to estimate the correlations between production and litter traits. The heritability estimates were 0.52 and 0.43 for ADG; 0.54 and 0.45 for BF; 0.25 and 0.26 for LMA; 0.54 and 0.48 for LP; and 0.56 and 0.46 for D90 in the Landrace and Yorkshire breeds, respectively. The ADG and D90 showed low genetic correlation with BF and LP. The LMA had −0.40, −0.32, 0.49, and 0.39 genetic correlations with ADG, BF, LP, and D90, respectively. Genetic correlations between production and litter traits were generally low, except for the correlations between LMA and TB (−0.23) in Landrace and ADG and TB (−0.16), ADG and NBA (−0.18), D90 and TB (0.19), and D90 and NBA (0.20) in Yorkshire. Genetic trends in production traits were all favorable except for LMA.
Patterns and predictors for prescription of psychotropics and mood‐stabilizing antiepileptics during pregnancy in Denmark 2000–2016
Authors: Damkier Per , Christensen Louise Skov , Broe Anne 
Published: August 2018

AimsTo analyse prescribing patterns during pregnancy for antipsychotics (APs), antidepressants (ADs) and mood‐stabilizing antiepileptics (AEDs) in Denmark from 2000 to 2016.MethodsData were obtained from the Danish Medical Birth Register, the Register for Legally Induced Abortions, the Danish National Patient Register and the Register of Medicinal Product Statistics. Data were linked through a unique personal identifier by Statistics Denmark.ResultsThe use of APs increased 2.5‐fold from a prevalence of 1.5 per 1000 pregnancies to 3.8 for pregnancies ending in a delivery. Use of mood‐stabilizing AEDs increased from a prevalence of 0.1 to 2.1 during the study period. The prevalence for APs and mood‐stabilizing AEDs was nearly twice as high for pregnancies ending in miscarriage or termination compared to pregnancies ending in delivery. A marked increase in the prevalence of ADs use during pregnancy was seen from 2000–2011 (from 6 to 41 per 1000 pregnancies ending in a delivery) but appears slightly in decline. Age, smoking, obesity and social status were generally associated with increased use of psychotropic drugs.ConclusionsThe use of APs, ADs and mood‐stabilizing AEDs during pregnancy has increased substantially in Denmark from 2000–2016. The use of ADs appears to be slightly in decline since 2011.
Instrumental Variable Estimation in Semi-Parametric Additive Hazards Models
Authors: Brueckner Matthias , Titman Andrew , Jaki Thomas 
Published: August 2018

Summary
Instrumental variable methods allow unbiased estimation in the presence of unmeasured confounders when an appropriate instrumental variable is available. Two-stage least-squares and residual inclusion methods have recently been adapted to additive hazard models for censored survival data. The semi-parametric additive hazard model which can include time-independent and time-dependent covariate effects is particularly suited for the two-stage residual inclusion method, since it allows direct estimation of time-independent covariate effects without restricting the effect of the residual on the hazard. In this article, we prove asymptotic normality of two-stage residual inclusion estimators of regression coefficients in a semi-parametric additive hazard model with time-independent and time-dependent covariate effects. We consider the cases of continuous and binary exposure. Estimation of the conditional survival function given observed covariates is discussed and a resampling scheme is proposed to obtain simultaneous confidence bands. The new methods are compared to existing ones in a simulation study and are applied to a real data set. The proposed methods perform favorably especially in cases with exposure-dependent censoring.