bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conversation analysis
Authors: Gardner Rod 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe first part of this paper presents the view that ordinary conversation is the most basic form of talk, and that Conversation Analysis (CA) in the ethnomethodological tradition, whilst widely known in Australian applied linguistics, has been very little used here as a set of research tools. The distinctiveness of the CA approach is presented, and it is argued that CA has the potential to make a more substantial contribution to applied linguistic research than it has hitherto. Second, the paper considers how some basic CA research – into receipt tokens such as mm,yeah, ohand others in Australian English – might be applied to a language teaching, and specifically into the development of teaching materials in an adult ESL context. It is argued that CA has the potential for wider application in Australian applied linguistics alongside some of the more widespread and better known qualitative research methods.
SciApps: a cloud-based platform for reproducible bioinformatics workflows
Authors: Wang Liya , Lu Zhenyuan , Van Buren Peter , Ware Doreen 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Motivation
The rapid accumulation of both sequence and phenotype data generated by high-throughput methods has increased the need to store and analyze data on distributed storage and computing systems. Efficient data management across these heterogeneous systems requires a workflow management system to simplify the task of analysis through automation and make large-scale bioinformatics analyses accessible and reproducible.

Results
We developed SciApps, a web-based platform for reproducible bioinformatics workflows. The platform is designed to automate the execution of modular Agave apps and support execution of workflows on local clusters or in a cloud. Two workflows, one for association and one for annotation, are provided as exemplar scientific use cases.

Availability and implementation
https://www.sciapps.org

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Sex differences in factors associated with metabolic syndrome among Korean adults without diabetes mellitus: results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2010 to 2013
Authors: Lee Kyoungjin , Lee Hyangkyu , Park Jeongok , Jee Sun Ha 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to examine sex differences in factors associated with metabolic syndrome in Korean adults without diabetes mellitus.

Study design
Cross-sectional design.

Methods
The dataset of Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2010 to 2013 was used. Among a total of 33552 adults aged ≥30, subjects who (i) were diagnosed or had been treated for diabetes mellitus, (ii) had a fasting blood glucose level of 126 mg/dL or higher or (iii) had a glycosylated haemoglobin level of 6.5% or higher were excluded. Subjects who had anaemia or were pregnant were also excluded. Finally, 9406 subjects were included in this study. Sex differences in subjects’ characteristics were assessed with Student’s t-test and chi-square test. Logistic regressions were used to examine factors associated with metabolic syndrome by sex.

Results
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Korean adults overall without diabetes mellitus was 12.2%. Glycosylated haemoglobin from 5.7 to 6.5 and increased body mass index were independently associated with metabolic syndrome in both men and women. Current smoking, age and age square were significantly associated with metabolic syndrome in men, whereas age and illiteracy were significantly associated with it in women.

Conclusions
This study confirmed that glycosylated haemoglobin and body mass index can be important indicators of metabolic syndrome in Korean adults without diabetes mellitus.
Improving Inferences About Null Effects With Bayes Factors and Equivalence Tests
Authors: Lakens Daniël , McLatchie Neil , Isager Peder M , Scheel Anne M , Dienes Zoltan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractResearchers often conclude an effect is absent when a null-hypothesis significance test yields a nonsignificant p value. However, it is neither logically nor statistically correct to conclude an effect is absent when a hypothesis test is not significant. We present two methods to evaluate the presence or absence of effects: Equivalence testing (based on frequentist statistics) and Bayes factors (based on Bayesian statistics). In four examples from the gerontology literature, we illustrate different ways to specify alternative models that can be used to reject the presence of a meaningful or predicted effect in hypothesis tests. We provide detailed explanations of how to calculate, report, and interpret Bayes factors and equivalence tests. We also discuss how to design informative studies that can provide support for a null model or for the absence of a meaningful effect. The conceptual differences between Bayes factors and equivalence tests are discussed, and we also note when and why they might lead to similar or different inferences in practice. It is important that researchers are able to falsify predictions or can quantify the support for predicted null effects. Bayes factors and equivalence tests provide useful statistical tools to improve inferences about null effects.
On the Maximal Directional Hilbert Transform in Three Dimensions
Authors: Di Plinio Francesco , Parissis Ioannis 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We establish the sharp growth rate, in terms of cardinality, of the $L^p$ norms of the maximal Hilbert transform $H_\Omega $ along finite subsets of a finite order lacunary set of directions $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^3$, answering a question of Parcet and Rogers in dimension $n=3$. Our result is the first sharp estimate for maximal directional singular integrals in dimensions greater than 2. The proof relies on a representation of the maximal directional Hilbert transform in terms of a model maximal operator associated to compositions of 2D angular multipliers, as well as on the usage of weighted norm inequalities, and their extrapolation, in the directional setting.
Theorizing Collective Trauma in International Political Economy
Authors: Lerner Adam B 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWhile existing literature on collective trauma in international relations represents a vital (albeit inchoate) contribution to the field, to date, it has largely analyzed collective trauma’s impact as primarily psychological and sociocultural. This essay argues that a complete vision of collective trauma in IR must incorporate not only these more intangible dimensions but also how its legacy is reified materially over time in economic conditions—distinguishing the trauma of those with the resources to “work through” and those without. I begin this essay with a novel conception of collective trauma that draws upon existing traditions’ insights but also facilitates mediation between collective trauma’s material and sociocultural dimensions. Employing this definition, I then outline three analytical frameworks via which future scholarship can address collective trauma in international economic relations. First, scholarship can incorporate a notion of the trauma of poverty. Second, scholars can analyze the loss of economic opportunity that trauma entails as akin to Dominick LaCapra’s concept of structural trauma of absence. Finally, scholarship can examine collective trauma’s ability to break down trust in institutions and the impact this breakdown has on international economic relations.
IDH mutation status is associated with distinct vascular gene expression signatures in lower-grade gliomas
Authors: Zhang Lei , He Liqun , Lugano Roberta , Roodakker Kenney , Bergqvist Michael , Smits Anja , Dimberg Anna 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Background
Vascular gene expression patterns in lower-grade gliomas (LGGs; diffuse World Health Organization [WHO] grades II–III gliomas) have not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this study was to molecularly characterize LGG vessels and determine if tumor isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status affects vascular phenotype.

Methods
Gene expression was analyzed using an in-house dataset derived from microdissected vessels and total tumor samples from human glioma in combination with expression data from 289 LGG samples available in the database of The Cancer Genome Atlas. Vascular protein expression was examined by immunohistochemistry in human brain tumor tissue microarrays (TMAs) representing WHO grades II–IV gliomas and nonmalignant brain samples. Regulation of gene expression was examined in primary endothelial cells in vitro.

Results
Gene expression analysis of WHO grade II glioma indicated an intermediate stage of vascular abnormality, less severe than that of glioblastoma vessels but distinct from normal vessels. Enhanced expression of laminin subunit alpha 4 (LAMA4) and angiopoietin 2 (ANGPT2) in WHO grade II glioma was confirmed by staining of human TMAs. IDH wild-type LGGs displayed a specific angiogenic gene expression signature, including upregulation of ANGPT2 and serpin family H (SERPINH1), connected to enhanced endothelial cell migration and matrix remodeling. Transcription factor analysis indicated increased transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) and hypoxia signaling in IDH wild-type LGGs. A subset of genes specifically induced in IDH wild-type LGG vessels was upregulated by stimulation of endothelial cells with TGFβ2, vascular endothelial growth factor, or cobalt chloride in vitro.

Conclusion
IDH wild-type LGG vessels are molecularly distinct from the vasculature of IDH-mutated LGGs. TGFβ and hypoxia-related signaling pathways may be potential targets for anti-angiogenic therapy of IDH wild-type LGG.
High-Fluence Light-Emitting Diode–Generated Red Light Modulates the Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Pathway in Human Skin Fibroblasts
Authors: Mamalis Andrew , Jagdeo Jared 
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUND
Skin fibrosis is a significant medical problem with limited available treatment modalities. The key cellular characteristics include increased fibroblast proliferation, collagen production, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-B)/SMAD pathway signaling. The authors have previously shown that high-fluence light-emitting diode red light (HF-LED-RL) decreases cellular proliferation and collagen production.

OBJECTIVE
Herein, the authors investigate the ability of HF-LED-RL to modulate the TGF-B/SMAD pathway.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Normal human dermal fibroblasts were cultured and irradiated with a commercially available hand-held LED array. After irradiation, cell lysates were collected and levels of pSMAD2, TGF-Beta 1, and TGF-Beta I receptor were measured using Western blot.

RESULTS
High-fluence light-emitting diode red light decreased TGF-Beta 1 ligand (TGF-B1) levels after irradiation. 320 J/cm2 HF-LED-RL resulted in 59% TGF-B1 and 640 J/cm2 HF-LED-RL resulted in 54% TGF-B1, relative to controls. 640 J/cm2 HF-LED-RL resulted in 62% pSMAD2 0 hours after irradiation, 65% pSMAD2 2 hours after irradiation, and 95% 4 hours after irradiation, compared with matched controls. High-fluence light-emitting diode red light resulted in no significant difference in transforming growth factor-beta receptor I levels compared with matched controls.

CONCLUSION
Skin fibrosis is a significant medical problem with limited available treatment modalities. Light-emitting diode–generated red light is a safe, economic, and noninvasive modality that has a body of in vitro evidence supporting the reduction of key cellular characteristics associated with skin fibrosis.
β Cell replacement: improving on the design
Authors: Castro-Gutierrez Roberto , Michels Aaron W. , Russ Holger A. 
Published: May 2018

Purpose of review
Here we summarize recent advancements in β cell replacement as a therapy for type 1 diabetes.

Recent findings
β cell replacement therapy has been proposed as a cure for type 1 diabetes with the introduction of the Edmonton protocol for cadaveric islet transplantation. To allow widespread use of this approach, efforts have focused on establishing an abundant source of insulin-producing β cells, protecting transplanted cells from ischemia-mediated death, immune rejection, and re-occurring autoimmunity. Recent developments addressing these issues include generation of insulin-producing cells from human pluripotent stem cells, different encapsulation strategies and prevention of ischemia upon transplant.

Summary
Despite significant advances in generating functional β cells from human pluripotent stem cells, several key challenges remain in regard to the survival of β cell grafts, protection from (auto-) immune destruction and implementation of additional safety mechanisms before a stem cell-based cell replacement therapy approach can be widely applied. Taking current findings into consideration, we outline a multilayered approach to design immune-privileged β cells from stem cells using state of the art genome editing technologies that if successfully incorporated could result in great benefit for diabetic patients and improve clinical results for cell replacement therapy.
Prospective evaluation of the performance and interobserver variation in endoscopic ultrasound staging of rectal cancer
Authors: El Hajj Ihab I. , DeWitt John , Sherman Stuart , Imperiale Thomas F. , LeBlanc Julia K. , McHenry Lee , Cote Gregory A. , Johnson Cynthia S. , Al-Haddad Mohammad 
Published: May 2018

Background
Treatment and prognosis of patients with rectal adenocarcinoma (RAC) are dependent on accurate locoregional staging.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to measure the performance characteristics of rectal endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) compared with surgical pathology, and to assess the interobserver variation of rectal EUS in the staging of RAC.

Patients and methods
Patients referred for rectal EUS staging of a recently diagnosed RAC were prospectively enrolled between 2012 and 2016. Tandem EUS exams were performed by two independent endosonographers (ES1 and ES2) blinded to each other’s findings.

Results
Ninety-five patients were enrolled. Seventy-five (79%) underwent curative intent tumor resection, including 30 without neoadjuvant therapy. In this latter group, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of transrectal ultrasonography staging were 75, 83, and 82% for uT1; 50, 65, and 58% for uT2; 56, 81, and 73% for T3; 72, 44, and 63% for N0, and 38, 75, and 63% for N1, respectively. Experienced operators rendered a more accurate N stage and were less likely to overstage compared with less experienced ones (P=0.01 and 0.02, respectively). Overall, T staging agreement between endosonographers was substantial (κ=0.61) and N stage agreement was moderate (κ=0.45).

Conclusion
Rectal EUS is more accurate in staging T1 and T3 tumors compared with T2 tumors. Interobserver agreement of rectal EUS in rectal cancer staging is generally good.
Addressing sexual and reproductive health in adolescents and young adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities
Authors: Walters Frinny Polanco , Gray Susan Hayden 
Published: May 2018

Purpose of review
This review provides support for promoting the sexual health of adolescents and young adults with developmental disabilities, and particularly those with intellectual disabilities. It offers guidance for pediatricians on incorporating counseling on sexuality and reproductive healthcare, socially appropriate behavior, and sexual abuse prevention for adolescents and young adults with developmental disabilities into healthcare visits. Additionally, it provides resources for developmentally appropriate sexuality education in the home and community to allow access to the comprehensive sexual and reproductive healthcare patients deserve.

Recent findings
Adolescents and young adults with developmental disabilities often do not receive developmentally appropriate sexual health education, and this is associated with poor sexual health outcomes and increased rates of sexual abuse in this population.

Summary
Pediatricians should discuss sexual health with all patients, including adolescents and young adults with developmental disabilities. They are well suited to provide sexual health education and inform families about appropriate sexual health resources.
Update in the management of acne in adolescence
Authors: Mwanthi Muithi , Zaenglein Andrea L. 
Published: May 2018

Purpose of reviewThis review will update the pediatric provider on recent data on the pathogenesis and treatment of acne in adolescent patients. A special focus was made to summarize recent guidelines and fill in several identified practice gaps.Recent findingsOur understanding of the pathogenesis of acne is greatly expanding and data is emerging to tie diet, particularly the role of IGF-1 with inflammation in acne. Additionally, stronger recommendations to limit antibiotic usage in acne are being made worldwide. Although retinoids are considered the base of most effective acne treatment strategies, data suggests that all providers need to emphasize their importance in maintenance of acne.SummaryAn effective acne management strategy targets multiple pathogenic factors in acne, using a retinoid as the foundation. Systemic antibiotics for moderate-to-severe acne should be used for acute management, then discontinued at 3–4 months, while maintaining on topical treatments. If therapy is ineffective, alternate treatments, such as combined oral contraceptives in females or isotretinoin, should be promptly employed to prevent prolonged psychological impact and cutaneous scarring.
How the definition of acceptable antigens and epitope analysis can facilitate transplantation of highly sensitized patients with excellent long-term graft survival
Authors: Heidt Sebastiaan , Haasnoot Geert W. , Claas Frans H.J. 
Published: May 2018

Purpose of review
Highly sensitized patients awaiting a renal transplant have a low chance of receiving an organ offer. Defining acceptable antigens and using this information for allocation purposes can vastly enhance transplantation of this subgroup of patients, which is the essence of the Eurotransplant Acceptable Mismatch program. Acceptable antigens can be determined by extensive laboratory testing, as well as on basis of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) epitope analyses.

Recent findings
Within the Acceptable Mismatch program, there is no effect of HLA mismatches on long-term graft survival. Furthermore, patients transplanted through the Acceptable Mismatch program have similar long-term graft survival to nonsensitized patients transplanted through regular allocation. Although HLA epitope analysis is already being used for defining acceptable HLA antigens for highly sensitized patients in the Acceptable Mismatch program, increasing knowledge on HLA antibody – epitope interactions will pave the way toward the definition of acceptable epitopes for highly sensitized patients in the future.

Summary
Allocation based on acceptable antigens can facilitate transplantation of highly sensitized patients with excellent long-term graft survival.
Barriers to Care for Persons With Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Brennan-Cook Jill , Bonnabeau Emily , Aponte Ravenne , Augustin Christina , Tanabe Paula 
Published: May 2018

Purpose and Objectives:
The purpose of this discussion is to review the barriers to care for patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). Chronic pain and the perception of addiction, implicit bias, frequent hospitalizations and emergency department visits, clinician and patient knowledge deficits, and SCD stigma all impede the ability to provide evidence-based care for patients with SCD. Case managers can coordinate and advocate for appropriate care that improves patient outcomes.

Primary Practice Setting:
This discussion is relevant to case managers working with patients with SCD in the clinic, hospital, and emergency department.

Findings/Conclusions:
Case managers can serve an important advocacy role and intervene to improve the coordination of services and efficient use of resources. This will lead to improved quality of life and optimal health care utilization for persons with SCD.

Implications for Case Management Practice:
As a constant member of the health care team, the case manager may be the only health care team member who has a broad knowledge of the patient's experience of acute and chronic pain, usual state of health, social behavioral health needs, and how these factors may affect both inpatient and outpatient health care use and health outcomes. This article explores the barriers to care and suggests specific interventions within the role of the case manager that can improve care delivered and ultimately contribute to improved patient outcomes. Specifically, these interventions can improve communication among members of the health care team. Case manager interventions can guide coordination, prevent hospital readmissions, reduce health care utilization, and contribute to overall improved patient quality of life and health outcomes.
Acquisition of Fire Safety Knowledge and Skills With Virtual Reality Simulation
Authors: Rossler Kelly L. , Sankaranarayanan Ganesh , Duvall Adrianne 
Published: May 2018

Background
Prelicensure nursing students seeking to enter perioperative nursing need preparatory fire safety knowledge and skills training to participate as a member of an operating room (OR) team.

Purpose
This pilot study examined the effectiveness of the Virtual Electrosurgery Skill Trainer (VEST) on OR fire safety skills among prelicensure nursing students.

Methods
An experimental pretest-posttest design was used in this study. Twenty nursing students were randomized to a control or an intervention group. Knowledge and skills acquisition of OR fire safety were assessed.

Results
There were no statistically significant findings in knowledge for either group. Fisher exact test demonstrated significant relationships between the skills performance criteria of following emergency procedures for a fire and demonstrating PASS (pull-aim-squeeze-sweep) technique (P = .001).

Conclusions
Academic and hospital educators may consider incorporating virtual reality simulation to teach fire safety education or reinforce general fire safety practices to nursing students and novice nurses.