bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aquaporin 4: A key player in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Tamtaji Omid Reza , Behnam Mohammad , Pourattar Mohammad Ali , Jafarpour Hamed , Asemi Zatollah 
Published: May 2019

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases which occur in aged people worldwide. Given that a sequence of cellular and molecular mechanisms, including oxidative stresses, apoptosis, inflammatory pathways, microglia, astrocyte activation, and aquaporin 4 (AQP4) are associated with initiation and the progression of PD. AQP4 may affect various pathways (i.e., α‐synuclein, inflammatory pathways, and microglia and astrocyte activation). Few reports have evaluated the relationship between AQP4 and PD‐related cellular and molecular pathways. Here, for the first time, we highlighted the relationship between AQP4 and molecular mechanisms involved in PD pathogenesis.
Corrosion and mechanical properties of plasma electrolytic oxidation‐coated AZ80 magnesium alloy
Authors: Pezzato Luca , Coelho Leonardo Bertolucci , Bertolini Rachele , Settimi Alessio Giorgio , Brunelli Katya , Olivier Marjorie , Dabalà Manuele 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPlasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coatings were produced on AZ80 magnesium alloy in a solution containing silicates and phosphates and working at high current densities with short treatment times. The effect of a sealing treatment in boiling water on corrosion and mechanical properties of the coatings were investigated. Moreover, the corrosion mechanism of the samples with and without the sealing treatment was evaluated. The microstructure of the coatings was characterized with scanning electron microscope observation and X‐ray diffraction analysis. The mechanical properties were evaluated with nanoindentation tests and the corrosion resistance was studied by potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and scanning vibrating electrode technique. The results showed that the sealing did not influence the microstructure and the mechanical properties of the samples and instead produced a remarkable increase in the corrosion resistance. The crevice corrosion, present in the sample without the sealing, was avoided with the treatment in boiling water.
Volume‐localized measurement of oxygen extraction fraction in the brain using MRI
Authors: O'Brien Caitlin , Okell Thomas W. , Chiew Mark , Jezzard Peter 
Published: May 2019

PurposeT2‐relaxation‐under‐spin‐tagging (TRUST) is an MR technique for the non‐invasive assessment of whole‐brain cerebral oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), through measurement of the venous blood T2 relaxation time in the sagittal sinus. A key limitation of TRUST, however, is the lack of spatial specificity of the measurement. We sought to develop a modified TRUST sequence, selective localized TRUST (SL‐TRUST), having sensitivity to venous blood T2 within a targeted brain region, and therefore achieving spatially localized measurements of cerebral tissue OEF, while still retaining acquisition in the sagittal sinus.MethodsA method for selective localization of TRUST sequence was developed, and the reproducibility of the technique was evaluated in healthy participants. Regional measurements were achieved for a single hemisphere and for a 3D‐localized 70 × 70 × 80 mm3 tissue region using SL‐TRUST and compared to a global TRUST measure. An additional measure of venous blood T1 in the sagittal sinus was used to estimate subject‐specific hematocrit. Six subjects were scanned over 4 sessions, including intra‐session repeat measurements.ResultsThe average T2 in the sagittal sinus was found to be 60.8 ± 8.9, 62.7 ± 7.9, 64.6 ± 8.4, and 66.3 ± 10.3 ms (mean ± SD) for conventional TRUST, global SL‐TRUST, hemispheric SL‐TRUST, and 3D‐localized SL‐TRUST, respectively. Intra‐, inter‐session, and inter‐subject coefficients of variation for OEF using SL‐TRUST were found to be comparable and in some cases superior to those obtained using TRUST.ConclusionOEF comparison of 2 contralateral regions was achievable in under 5 min suggesting SL‐TRUST offers potential for quantifying regional OEF differences in both healthy and clinical populations.
Flexible and efficient optimization of quantitative sequences using automatic differentiation of Bloch simulations
Authors: Lee Philip K. , Watkins Lauren E. , Anderson Timothy I. , Buonincontri Guido , Hargreaves Brian A. 
Published: May 2019

PurposeTo investigate a computationally efficient method for optimizing the Cramér‐Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) of quantitative sequences without using approximations or an analytical expression of the signal.MethodsAutomatic differentiation was applied to Bloch simulations and used to optimize several quantitative sequences without the need for approximations or an analytical expression. The results were validated with in vivo measurements and comparisons to prior art. Multi‐echo spin echo and DESPO were used as benchmarks to verify the CRLB implementation. The CRLB of the Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (MRF) sequence, which has a complicated analytical formulation, was also optimized using automatic differentiation.ResultsThe sequence parameters obtained for multi‐echo spin echo and DESPO matched results obtained using conventional methods. In vivo, MRF scans demonstrate that the CRLB optimization obtained with automatic differentiation can improve performance in presence of white noise. For MRF, the CRLB optimization converges in 1.1 CPU hours for = 400 and has asymptotic runtime scaling for the calculation of the CRLB objective and gradient.ConclusionsAutomatic differentiation can be used to optimize the CRLB of quantitative sequences without using approximations or analytical expressions. For MRF, the runtime is computationally efficient and can be used to investigate confounding factors as well as MRF sequences with a greater number of repetitions.
Design and characterization of an eight‐element passively fed meander‐dipole array with improved specific absorption rate efficiency for 7 T body imaging
Authors: Zivkovic Irena , de Castro Catalina Arteaga , Webb Andrew 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate the transmit efficiency and specific absorption rate (SAR) efficiency of a new eight‐element passively fed meander‐dipole antenna array designed for body MRI at 7 T, and to compare these values with a conventional directly fed meander‐dipole array.MethodsThe main radiating element of the passively fed dipole is printed on one side of a dielectric substrate and is capacitively coupled to a shorter feeding element (connected to the coaxial cable) printed on the opposite side of the substrate. The transmit (B1+) field and SAR were simulated on a phantom and on a human voxel model for both a passively fed and a directly fed single element. Two eight‐channel arrays containing, respectively, directly and passively fed meander dipoles were then simulated, and experimental B1+ maps and T2‐weighted spin echo images of the prostate were obtained in vivo for four healthy volunteers.ResultsIn simulations, the mean transmit efficiency (B1+ per square root input power) value in the prostate was ~ 12.5% lower, and the maximum 10 g average SAR was 44% lower for the array containing passively fed dipoles, resulting in ~ 15% higher SAR efficiency for the passively fed array. In vivo RF‐shimmed turbo spin echo images were acquired from both arrays, and showed image SNRs within 5% of one another.ConclusionA passive‐feeding network for meander‐dipole antennas has been shown to be a simple method to increase the SAR efficiency of a multi‐element array used for body imaging at high fields. We hypothesize that the main reason for the increase in SAR efficiency is the storage of the strong conservative electric field in the dielectric between the feeding element and the radiating element of the dipole. The passive‐feeding approach can be generalized to other dipole geometries and configurations.
Non‐Porous versus Mesoporous Siliceous Materials for CO2 Capture
Authors: Vittoni Chiara , Gatti Giorgio , Paul Geo , Mangano Enzo , Brandani Stefano , Bisio Chiara , Marchese Leonardo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this study, the adsorption properties of a Stöber silica‐based material towards CO2 were evaluated for the first time. The use of Stöber silica as support is interesting for real technological applications mainly due to economic factors. Furthermore, a direct comparison between the non porous Stöber sample with an ordered porous material (based on MCM‐41 silica) allowed to evaluate the effect of the porosity on the CO2 adsorption properties. In order to make silica materials reactive towards CO2, they were functionalized by introducing amino groups via grafting of 3‐[2‐(2‐aminoethyl)aminoethyl]aminopropyltrimethoxysilane. After a qualitative study of the CO2 adsorption, the quantitative determination of CO2 adsorption capacity at 35 °C revealed that the mesoporous material is more efficient compared to the Stöber‐based one (adsorption capacity values of 0.49 and 0.58 mol/kg for Stöber‐based and mesoporous samples). However, since the difference in the adsorption capacity is only about 15 % and the Stöber‐based sample is considerably cheaper, the non‐porous sample should be considered as a favourable adsorbent material for CO2 capture applications.
Managing peritoneal involvement in children and young people with rhabdomyosarcoma: A single‐center experience from the United Kingdom
Authors: Roy Moulik Nirmalya , Vaidya Sucheta , Mandeville Henry , Chisholm Julia C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe describe our experience in managing nine children and adolescents with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and peritoneal involvement. The radiological pattern of peritoneal involvement was diverse from only ascites to solid peritoneal mass/omental caking. Treatment included systemic chemotherapy in all, surgery in three, and radiotherapy in eight. Two patients with presumed nonmalignant ascites, no solid peritoneal metastasis, nonalveolar histology, near‐complete resection of residual disease, and radiotherapy survived long term. One patient has just completed treatment, and the remaining six relapsed/progressed at the time of reporting. Five of six patients died after a median of 5 (3–7) months from relapse despite second‐line chemotherapy.
High‐Pressure Characterization of Melt‐Castable Biisoxazole Energetics: 3,3′‐Biisoxazole‐5,5′‐bis‐(Methylene) Dinitrate and 3,3′‐Biisoxazole‐4,4′,5,5′‐Tetrakis‐(Methylene Nitrate)
Authors: Bennion Jonathan C. , Lafond Patrick G. , Ciezak‐Jenkins Jennifer A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe high‐pressure behavior of 3,3′‐biisoxazole‐5,5′‐bis‐(methylene) dinitrate (BIDN) and 3,3′‐biisoxazole‐4,4′,5,5′‐tetrakis‐(methylene nitrate) (BITN) have been studied at room temperature to 25 GPa by Raman spectroscopy and powder X‐ray diffraction. The Raman spectra, powder patterns, and calculated unit‐cell volumes at select pressures show qualitative agreement with first‐principles density function theory calculations. Over this pressure range, no evidence of polymorphism was observed. The lack of observed phase changes can be partially attributed to the strengthening of hydrogen bonding observed with pressure increase. These insights point to the potential importance of hydrogen bonding in potential melt‐castable materials.
Uterine receptivity, embryo attachment, and embryo invasion: Multistep processes in embryo implantation
Authors: Fukui Yamato , Hirota Yasushi , Matsuo Mitsunori , Gebril Mona , Akaeda Shun , Hiraoka Takehiro , Osuga Yutaka 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundRecurrent implantation failure is a critical issue in IVF‐ET treatment. Successful embryo implantation needs appropriate molecular and cellular communications between embryo and uterus. Rodent models have been used intensively to understand these mechanisms.MethodsThe molecular and cellular mechanisms of embryo implantation were described by referring to the previous literature investigated by us and others. The studies using mouse models of embryo implantation were mainly cited.ResultsProgesterone (P4) produced by ovarian corpus luteum provides the uterus with receptivity to the embryo, and uterine epithelial growth arrest and stromal proliferation, what we call uterine proliferation‐differentiation switching (PDS), take place in the peri‐implantation period before embryo attachment. Uterine PDS is a hallmark of uterine receptivity, and several genes such as HAND2 and BMI1, control uterine PDS by modulating P4‐PR signaling. As the next implantation process, embryo attachment onto the luminal epithelium occurs. This process is regulated by FOXA2‐LIF pathway and planar cell polarity signaling. Then, the luminal epithelium at the embryo attachment site detaches from the stroma, which enables trophoblast invasion. This process of embryo invasion is regulated by HIF2α in the stroma.ConclusionThese findings indicate that embryo implantation contains multistep processes regulated by specific molecular pathways.
Hierarchical Structure MnO2 Coated PDMS−Carbon Nanotube Sponge as Flexible Electrode for Electrocatalytic Water Splitting and High Performance Supercapacitor
Authors: Song Kun , Wang Xin , Zhang Bin , Li Junqing , Liu Peili , Yang Rui , Wang Jun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAs a typical transition metal oxide, MnO2 has great potential in catalysis and energy storage, but its poor conductivity greatly limits its performance. PDMS−carbon nanotube sponges have excellent electrical conductivity and flexibility. Herein, according to the principle of complementary, we propose a novel hierarchical PDMS−carbon nanotube sponge@MnO2 electrode with uniform size and morphology. In view of the structural preponderances and multifunctional of the materials, the PDMS−carbon nanotube sponge@MnO2 has been investigated as the binder−free electrode materials for both supercapacitors and electrocatalysis applications. PDMS−carbon nanotube sponge@MnO2 electrode exhibits an admirable HER property with a low onset potential of 112 mV at −30 mA cm−2, a minimal overpotential (η=258 mV), a small Tafel slope (71 mV dec−1), large anodic currents and stability for 20 h in 0.1 M H2SO4 solution. Moreover, as supercapacitor electrode, the PDMS−carbon nanotube sponge@MnO2 electrode achieves a specific mass capacitance reaching 124.7 mF cm−2 at 1 A cm−2 and good flexibility, which are better than those ternary transition metal oxides. The assembled asymmetric device with the PDMS−carbon nanotube sponge@MnO2 and CNTs respectively as positive and negative electrode has a large window voltage of 1.4 V, and thus acquires an expected specific mass capacitance (422 mF cm−3 at the current density of 1 A cm−3) and an outstanding higher energy density of 15.3 W h kg−1 (at 371 W kg−1).
Using Stack Overflow content to assist in code review
Authors: Sharma Shipra , Sodhi Balwinder 
Published: May 2019

SummaryAn essential goal for programmers is to minimize the cost of identifying and correcting defects in source code. Code review is commonly used for identifying programming defects. However, manual code review has some shortcomings: (1) it is time‐consuming and (2) outcomes are subjective and depend on the skills of reviewers. An automated approach for assisting in code reviews is thus highly desirable. We present a tool for assisting in code review and results from our experiments evaluating the tool in different scenarios. The tool leveraged content available from professional programmer support forums (eg, StackOverflow.com) to determine potential defectiveness of a given piece of source code. The defectiveness is expressed on the scale of {Likely defective, neutral, unlikely to be defective}. The basic idea employed in the tool is (1) to identify a set P of discussion posts on Stack Overflow such that each p∈P contains source code fragment(s), which sufficiently resemble the input code C being reviewed, and (2) to determine the likelihood of C being defective by considering all p∈P. A novel aspect of our approach is to use document fingerprinting for comparing two pieces of source code. Our choice of document fingerprinting technique is inspired by source code plagiarism detection tools where it has proven to be very successful. In the experiments that we performed to verify the effectiveness of our approach, source code samples from more than 300 GitHub open‐source repositories were taken as input. An F1 score of 0.94 has been achieved in identifying correct/relevant results.
ProNGF Is a Cell-Type-Specific Mitogen for Adult Hippocampal and for Induced Neural Stem Cells
Authors: Corvaglia Valerio , Cilli Domenica , Scopa Chiara , Brandi Rossella , Arisi Ivan , Malerba Francesca , La Regina Federico , Scardigli Raffaella , Cattaneo Antonino 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The role of proNGF, the precursor of nerve growth factor (NGF), in the biology of adult neural stem cells (aNSCs) is still unclear. Here, we analyzed adult hippocampal neurogenesis in AD11 transgenic mice, in which the constitutive expression of anti-NGF antibody leads to an imbalance of proNGF over mature NGF. We found increased proliferation of progenitors but a reduced neurogenesis in the AD11 dentate gyrus (DG)-hippocampus (HP). Also in vitro, AD11 hippocampal neural stem cells (NSCs) proliferated more, but were unable to differentiate into morphologically mature neurons. By treating wild-type hippocampal progenitors with the uncleavable form of proNGF (proNGF-KR), we demonstrated that proNGF acts as mitogen on aNSCs at low concentration. The mitogenic effect of proNGF was specifically addressed to the radial glia-like (RGL) stem cells through the induction of cyclin D1 expression. These cells express high levels of p75NTR, as demonstrated by immunofluorescence analyses performed ex vivo on RGL cells isolated from freshly dissociated HP-DG or selected in vitro from NSCs by leukemia inhibitory factor. Clonogenic assay performed in the absence of mitogens showed that RGLs respond to proNGF-KR by reactivating their proliferation and thus leading to neurospheres formation. The mitogenic effect of proNGF was further exploited in the expansion of mouse-induced neural stem cells (iNSCs). Chronic exposure of iNSCs to proNGF-KR increased their proliferation. Altogether, we demonstrated that proNGF acts as mitogen on hippocampal and iNSCs. Stem Cells 2019;37:1223–1237
Combination model for conventional pushover analysis considering higher mode vibration effects
Authors: Guan Minsheng , Liu Wenting , Du Hongbiao , Cui Jie , Wang Jun 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThis paper aims to propose a combination model for conventional pushover analysis with invariant lateral load patterns to consider the effects of higher mode vibrations on the seismic responses of high‐rise buildings. Rectangular concrete‐filled steel tubular (RCFT) structures having two types of deformation, namely, shear type RCFT frame structures and shear‐flexural type RCFT frame‐shear wall structures, are selected and investigated. Finite element models are created using Perform‐3D. Both pushover analysis with three conventional lateral loading patterns, namely, uniformly distributed loading, first‐mode vibration loading, and concentrated loading at the vertex, and time‐history analysis with 15–21 earthquake records chosen for each RCFT structure are performed. Regression analysis is used to fit the interstory drift ratios obtained by the pushover analysis with those from the time‐history analysis. Further, the relations between the partial regression coefficients and the structural fundamental periods under certain lateral loading patterns are analyzed. On this basis, using these conventional lateral loading patterns, combination models for high‐rise buildings with two types of deformation are proposed and verified. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can estimate the seismic responses of high‐rise buildings with a high accuracy and has the advantages of ease of implementation and operation.
Causative classification of river flood events
Authors: Tarasova Larisa , Merz Ralf , Kiss Andrea , Basso Stefano , Blöschl Günter , Merz Bruno , Viglione Alberto , Plötner Stefan , Guse Björn , Schumann Andreas , Fischer Svenja , Ahrens Bodo , Anwar Faizan , Bárdossy András , Bühler Philipp , Haberlandt Uwe , Kreibich Heidi , Krug Amelie , Lun David , Müller‐Thomy Hannes , Pidoto Ross , Primo Cristina , Seidel Jochen , Vorogushyn Sergiy , Wietzke Luzie 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA wide variety of processes controls the time of occurrence, duration, extent, and severity of river floods. Classifying flood events by their causative processes may assist in enhancing the accuracy of local and regional flood frequency estimates and support the detection and interpretation of any changes in flood occurrence and magnitudes. This paper provides a critical review of existing causative classifications of instrumental and preinstrumental series of flood events, discusses their validity and applications, and identifies opportunities for moving toward more comprehensive approaches. So far no unified definition of causative mechanisms of flood events exists. Existing frameworks for classification of instrumental and preinstrumental series of flood events adopt different perspectives: hydroclimatic (large‐scale circulation patterns and atmospheric state at the time of the event), hydrological (catchment scale precipitation patterns and antecedent catchment state), and hydrograph‐based (indirectly considering generating mechanisms through their effects on hydrograph characteristics). All of these approaches intend to capture the flood generating mechanisms and are useful for characterizing the flood processes at various spatial and temporal scales. However, uncertainty analyses with respect to indicators, classification methods, and data to assess the robustness of the classification are rarely performed which limits the transferability across different geographic regions. It is argued that more rigorous testing is needed. There are opportunities for extending classification methods to include indicators of space–time dynamics of rainfall, antecedent wetness, and routing effects, which will make the classification schemes even more useful for understanding and estimating floods.This article is categorized under:
Science of Water > Water Extremes
Science of Water > Hydrological Processes
Science of Water > Methods