bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microwave ablation vs. parathyroidectomy for secondary hyperparathyroidism in maintenance hemodialysis patients
Authors: Jiang Binghu , Wang Xiaoyun , Yao Zhiyong , Wu Hongfei , Xiao Leijuan , Gong Hai , Gao Zhanhui 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroduction: Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is a serious and common problem in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Minimally invasive microwave ablation (MWA) has been used to treat SHPT and shows some advantages. However, its efficacy is still undefined. The primary purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of MWA compared to total parathyroidectomy plus forearm autotransplantation.Methods: The SHPT patients who were undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (follow‐up for 6 to 24 months after treatments) were divided into a MWA group (n = 33) and a parathyroidectomy group (n = 48). The efficacy (serum intact parathyroid hormone [iPTH], calcium, and phosphorus levels) and safety (hoarseness, hypocalcaemia, and persistently low iPTH) were compared between the two groups. Additionally, the study explored potential predictors of response to MWA by a logistic regression analysis.Findings: There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups. The rates of achieving the recommended goal for iPTH were significantly higher in the MWA group than that in the parathyroidectomy group at all follow‐up times: 57.58% vs. 12.50% at one‐day (P < 0.001), 45.45% vs. 16.67% at 1‐week (P = 0.005), 57.58% vs. 16.67% at 2‐week (P < 0.001), 57.58% vs. 22.92% at 1‐month (P = 0.002), and 69.70% vs. 35.42% at 3‐month (P = 0.002), 76.47% vs. 28.57% at 6‐month (P = 0.005), 87.50% vs. 47.37% at 12‐month (P = 0.008), and 81.82% vs. 52.63% at 24‐month (P = 0.015), respectively. However, there were no significant differences for phosphorus or calcium at any of the follow‐up times (P > 0.05). The persistently low iPTH was more in the parathyroidectomy group (64.6%) than that in the MWA group (0%) (P < 0.001), but there was no significant difference in hoarseness or hypocalcaemia (P > 0.05). Baseline levels of iPTH (P = 0.021) and patient age (P = 0.011) were determined as predictors by univariate logistic regression analysis.Conclusion: The MWA could be an alternative to parathyroidectomy for SHPT but its eventual superiority has to be demonstrated by a proper study.
Effect of ZrC amount and distribution on the thermomechanical properties of Cf/SiC‐ZrC composites
Authors: Zhou Haijun , Yang Jinshan , Le Gao , Ni Dewei , Wang Hongda , Dong Shaoming 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCf/SiC‐ZrC composites with different amounts and distributions of ZrC were fabricated by polymer impregnation and pyrolysis. The effects of the ZrC amount and distribution on the microstructural, mechanical, and ablation properties of Cf/SiC‐ZrC composites were investigated. Cf/SiC‐ZrC composites obtained by the alternating infiltration of ZrC organic precursors and polycarbosilane groups exhibit good tensile strength (240 ± 17.7 MPa) because the ZrC and SiC matrix can mix evenly. However, Cf/SiC‐ZrC composites using only ZrC organic precursor infiltration show a low tensile strength (191 ± 16.6 MPa) because more defects can be introduced into the composites. Ablation characterization by a 30 kW plasma wind tunnel for 60 seconds showed that the Cf/SiC‐ZrC composites with the highest amount of ZrC matrix (67.8 wt.%) possessed the lowest linear erosion rate of 4 μm/s because liquid SiO2 could fill the porous ZrO2 to form a homogenous protective layer. Nevertheless, the Cf/SiC‐ZrC composites with a relatively high ZrC amount (55.3 wt.%) exhibited a poorer ablation performance compared to that of Cf/SiC‐ZrC composites with a low ZrC amount (38.7 wt.%).
Effect of Eggplant Flour (Solanum melongenaL.) associated with hypoenergetic diet on antioxidant status in overweight women ‐ a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Scorsatto Mauara , Rosa Glorimar , Raggio Luiz Ronir , da Rocha Pinheiro Mulder Alessandra , Junger Teodoro Anderson , Moraes de Oliveira Gláucia M. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThe objectives of this study were to assess the effect of hypoenergetic diet associated with eggplant (SolanummelongenaL.) flour (EF) consumption on the antioxidant status in overweight women and compare the effect among metabolically healthy obese (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) women. This is a 4‐month double‐blind, randomised and placebo‐controlled clinical trial. The volunteers were divided into two groups: (a) balanced and individualised hypoenergetic diet + 13 g ofEF(Eggplant Flour Group [EFG]); and (b) balanced and individualised hypoenergetic diet + 13 g of placebo (Placebo Group [PG]). One hundred and eighty‐six women completed the study. TheEFGexhibited significant increase in antioxidant capacity after the intervention (P = 0.044).MHOexhibited statistically significant increased antioxidant capacity (P = 0.028). Body fat had significant reduction in theEFG(P = 0.010). Waist circumference was reduced in the two groups. The hypoenergetic diet associated withEFimproved the antioxidant status in comparison to thePGand inMUOwomen the eggplant flour reduced fat mass.
Under‐detection of acute kidney injury in hospitalised patients: a retrospective, multi‐site, longitudinal study
Authors: Campbell Craig A. , Li Ling , Kotwal Sradha , Georgiou Andrew , Horvath Andrea R. , Westbrook Johanna , Endre Zoltan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a rapid deterioration of renal function, often caused by a variety of co‐existing morbidities complicating its recognition and treatment, leading to short‐ and long‐term adverse clinical outcomes. There are limited data on the incidence of AKI in Australia using the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes creatinine‐based consensus definition.AimTo determine the incidence and estimate the extent of under‐reporting of AKI in four hospitals in the South‐Eastern Sydney/Illawarra regions of New South Wales, Australia.MethodA laboratory algorithm based on the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes creatinine‐based definition for AKI was applied retrospectively to laboratory data for adult patients admitted to the study hospitals between 2009 and 2013 to identify those with AKI. The results were compared with the incidence of AKI based on diagnostic codes for AKI reported for the same period.ResultsAKI was detected in 12.4% of all hospitalisations (46 101/370 969) and 16.4% of patients (31 448/192 133) across the 5‐year study period using the laboratory algorithm. Of these, 72.1% were AKI Stage 1 (33 246/46101). AKI was coded in only 15.9% of hospitalisations with AKI Stage 1 (5294/33 246), 38.5% of hospitalisations with Stage 2 (2381/6185), and 46.8% with Stage 3 (3120/6670). Yearly incidence of laboratory‐identified AKI trended downward between 2009 and 2013, while annual incidence determined by coding trended upward.ConclusionAlthough coding trends suggested a continuous increase in clinician awareness of AKI across the study period, AKI in hospitalised patients remained significantly under‐reported.
Evaluating a risk assessment tool to improve triaging of patients to colonoscopies
Authors: Elliott Thomas M. , Lord Anton , Simms Lisa A. , Radford‐Smith Graham , Valery Patricia C. , Gordon Louisa G. 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundColonoscopy is the gold standard in the diagnosis of significant bowel disease (SBD), including colorectal cancer, high‐risk adenoma and inflammatory bowel disease. As the demand for colonoscopy services is placing significant pressure on hospital resources, new solutions are needed to manage patients more efficiently and effectively.AimWe investigated the impact of using a risk assessment tool (RAT) to improve selection of patients for colonoscopy procedures to detect SBD.MethodsA hybrid simulation model was constructed to replicate the current patient triage bookings and waiting times in a large metropolitan hospital. The model used data on 327 patients who were retrospectively assessed for risk of SBD. Risk assessment incorporated blood and faecal immunochemical test results, gender and age in addition to patient symptoms. The model was calibrated over 12 months to current outcomes and was compared with the RAT and a third scenario where low‐risk patients did not proceed to a colonoscopy. One‐way sensitivity analyses were undertaken.ResultsUsing the RAT was expected to shorten waiting times by 153 days for moderately‐urgent patients and 138 days for non‐urgent patients. If low‐risk patients did not proceed to colonoscopy, waiting times were expected to reduce for patients with SBD by 17 days producing cost‐savings of AU$373 824 through avoided colonoscopies.ConclusionsA hybrid model that combines patient‐level characteristics with hospital‐level resource constraints can demonstrate improved efficiency in a hospital clinic. Further research on risk assessment is required to improve quality patient care and reduce low‐value service delivery.
Front‐line management of indolent non‐Hodgkin lymphoma in Australia. Part 2: mantle cell lymphoma and marginal zone lymphoma
Authors: Cheah Chan Y. , Opat Stephen , Trotman Judith , Marlton Paula 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and the marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) subtypes (nodal MZL, extra‐nodal MZL of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) and splenic MZL) are uncommon lymphoma subtypes, accounting for less than 5–10% of all non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. The evidence base for therapy is therefore limited and enrolment into clinical trials is preferred. Outcomes for patients with MCL have been steadily improving mainly due to the adoption of more intense strategies in younger patients, the use of rituximab maintenance and the recent introduction of bendamustine in older patients. MZL is a more heterogeneous group of cancer with both nodal, extra‐nodal and splenic subtypes. Extranodal MZL may be associated with autoimmune or infectious aetiologies, and can respond to eradication of the causative pathogen. Proton pump inhibitor plus dual antibiotics in Helicobacter pylori positive gastric MALT lymphoma is curative in many patients. Watchful waiting is appropriate in most patients with asymptomatic advanced stage disease, which tends to behave in a particularly indolent manner. Other options for symptomatic disease include splenectomy, chemoimmunotherapy with rituximab and, more recently, targeted therapies.
Constipation, antiepileptic drugs, and gingivitis in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy
Authors: Ferreira Ana Cristina Fernandes Maria , Mayer Marcia Pinto Alves , Kawamoto Dione , Santos Maria Teresa Botti Rodrigues 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundCerebral palsy (CP) individuals present with epilepsy, which requires the use of antiepileptic drug (AED).HypothesisSince an inflammatory response may contribute to epileptogenesis, the hypothesis tested was that constipation would be associated with gingivitis and the use of AED in children and adolescents (CA) with CP.DesignA comparative study was conducted with 101 CA aged 5‐17 years (10.8 ± 4.9), classified as constipated (G1; n = 57) or not constipated (G2; n = 44). Clinical patterns, AED used, body mass index (BMI), fluid intake, toilet transfer, and gingival condition were evaluated. Student's t test, chi‐squared test, and logistic regression analysis were performed (α = 0.05).ResultsThere were no differences between groups regarding gender (P = 0.531), age (P = 0.227), BMI (P = 0.437), and fluid intake (P = 0.346). G1, however, presented a higher percentage of quadriplegic individuals (P < 0.001), dependency for toilet transfer (P < 0.001), the presence of gingivitis (P = 0.020), and the use of AED polytherapy (P < 0.001) compared to G2. Constipation was associated with quadriplegic CA, using GABA as AED (P = 0.002).ConclusionsMucosal inflammation evidenced by constipation and gingivitis is associated with the most neurologically compromised CAs under the use of GABA AED.
Quantum chemical calculations of the thermochemistry of tantalum oxyhydroxide species
Authors: Bauschlicher Charles W. , Jacobson Nathan S. , Myers Dwight L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTantalum pentoxide and water vapor are predicted to react at elevated temperatures to form TaO(OH)3(g), TaO2(OH)(g), and Ta(OH)5(g). The thermochemistry of these species is calculated with quantum chemistry methods. Geometries and vibrational frequencies are determined from B3LYP DFT methods. Energetics are calculated from high levels of theory—CCSD(T) and larger basis sets for Ta, O, and H. We report the enthalpies of formation at 0 K and 298.15 K, entropy at 298.15 K, and heat capacity. These quantities are used to calculate vapor pressures at 1400‐1800 K and 50% water vapor. TaO(OH)3(g) is found to be the dominant species. The calculated vapor pressure of TaO(OH)3(g) is converted to a vapor flux and compared to previous experimental flux measurements from a flat plate in a slowly flowing H2O/Ar gas and also vapor flux from a steam jet experiment. These “open system” experiments result in lower fluxes that are within 1.12‐17X of the calculated equilibrium fluxes. This suggests that the experimental measurements are near equilibrium or have a small kinetic barrier.
Nursing students' perceptions of peer learning through cross‐cultural student‐led webinars: A qualitative study
Authors: Carlson Elisabeth , Stenberg Marie , Lai Timothy , Reisenhofer Sonia , Chan Bessie , Cruz Eric , Leung Doris , Wong Arkers , Chan Engle Angela 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimsTo explore nursing students’ perception of peer learning during cross‐cultural learning activities through student‐led webinars.DesignAn exploratory qualitative study.MethodsThematic analysis of data collected from reflective journals and focus‐group interviews of participating nursing students across three international universities in Australia, Hong Kong, and Sweden during autumn 2017.ResultsThree themes were identified: peer learning as creation of friendship; peer learning from interactions that went beyond what was originally intended; and peer learning as empowered learning.ConclusionCombining peer learning as an educational approach with cross‐cultural and student‐led webinars provided new perspectives. On‐line learning across global boundaries, based on a sound educational model, creates new opportunities for internationalization without straining individual and institutional financial resources.
Do safety briefings improve patient safety in the acute hospital setting? A systematic review
Authors: Ryan Sharon , Ward Marie , Vaughan David , Murray Bridget , Zena Moore , O'Connor Tom , Nugent Linda , Patton Declan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimsTo synthesize current knowledge about the impact of safety briefings as an intervention to improve patient safety.BackgroundImproving safety in health care remains an ongoing challenge. There is a lack of evidence underpinning safety enhancing interventions.DesignMixed method multi‐level synthesis.Data SourcesFour health literature databases were searched (Cinahl, Medline, Scopus and Health Business Elite) from January 2002 – March 2017.Review MethodsThomas and Harden approach to mixed method synthesis.ResultsFollowing quality appraisal, 12 studies were included. There was significant heterogeneity in study aims, measures, and outcomes. Findings showed that safety briefings achieved beneficial outcomes and can improve safety culture. Outcomes included improved risk identification, reduced falls, enhanced relationships, increased incident reporting, ability to voice concerns, and reduced length of stay.ConclusionHealthcare leaders should embrace the potential of safety briefings by promoting their effective use whilst allowing for local adaptation.
Health consequences of bullying in the healthcare workplace: A systematic review
Authors: Lever Isabel , Dyball Daniel , Greenberg Neil , Stevelink Sharon A. M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimsTo review both mental and physical health consequences of bullying for healthcare employees.DesignSystematic literature review.Data sourcesEMBASE,MEDLINE, PsycINFO,PUBMEDand Web of Science Core Collection were searched for articles published between 2005 ‐ January 2017.Review methodsThis review was conducted using the framework described by Khan and reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses. Two independent reviewers performed systematic data extraction and appraised the methodological quality of included articles. A pooled mean prevalence of bullying was estimated.ResultsForty‐five papers met inclusion criteria. Bullying prevalence ranged from 3.9% to 86.5%, with a pooled mean estimate of 26.3%. Perceived bullying was associated with mental health problems including psychological distress, depression and burnout, and physical health problems including insomnia and headache. Bullied staff took more sick leave.ConclusionBullying occurs frequently amongst healthcare staff and is deleterious to health and occupational functionality.
The SUMAMOS EXCELENCIA Project
Authors: Escobar‐Aguilar Gema , Moreno‐Casbas María‐Teresa , González‐María Esther , Martínez‐Gimeno María‐Lara , Sánchez‐Pablo Clara , Orts‐Cortés Isabel 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimThe gap between research and clinical practice leads to inconsistent decision‐making and clinical audits are an effective way of improving the implementation of best practice. Our aim is to assess the effectiveness of a model that implements evidence‐based recommendations for patient outcomes and healthcare quality.DesignNational quasi‐experimental, multicentre, before and after study.MethodsThis study focuses on patients attending primary care and hospital care units and associated socio‐healthcare services. It uses the Joanna Brigg's Institute Getting Research into Practice model, which improves processes by referring to prior baseline clinical audits. The variables are process and outcome criteria for pain, urinary incontinence, and fall prevention, with data collection at baseline and key points over 12 months drawn from clinical histories and records. Project funding was received from the Spanish Strategic Health Action in November 2014.DiscussionThe project results will provide knowledge on the effectiveness of the Getting Research into Practice model, to apply evidence‐based recommendations for the detection and management of pain, urinary incontinence, and fall prevention. It will also establish whether using research results, based on clinical audits and situation analysis, is effective for implementing evidence‐based recommendations and improving patients’ health.ImpactThis nationwide Spanish project aims to detect and prevent high‐prevalence healthcare problems, namely pain in patients at any age and falls and urinary incontinence in people aged 65 and over. Tailoring clinical practice to evidence‐based recommendations will reduce unjustified clinical variations in providing healthcare services.Clinical Trial ID: NCT03725774.
Female resistance to sexual coercion can evolve to preserve the indirect benefits of mate choice
Authors: Snow Samuel S. , Alonzo Suzanne H. , Servedio Maria R. , Prum Richard O. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSexual conflict over the indirect benefits of mate choice may arise when traits in one sex limit the ability of the other sex to freely choose mates but when these coercive traits are not necessarily directly harmful (i.e. forced fertilization per se). Although we might hypothesize that females can evolve resistance in order to retain the indirect, genetic benefits (reflected in offspring attractiveness) of mating with attractive males, up to now it has been difficult to evaluate potential underlying mechanisms. Traditional theoretical approaches do not usually conceptually distinguish between female preference for male mating display and female resistance to forced fertilization, yet sexual conflict over indirect benefits implies the simultaneous action of all of these traits. Here, we present an integrative theoretical framework that draws together concepts from both sexual selection and sexual conflict traditions, allowing for the simultaneous coevolution of displays and preferences, and of coercion and resistance. We demonstrate that it is possible for resistance to coercion to evolve in the absence of direct costs of mating to preserve the indirect benefits of mate choice. We find that resistance traits that improve the efficacy of female mating preference can evolve as long as females are able to attain some indirect benefits of mating with attractive males, even when both attractive and unattractive males can coerce. These results reveal new evolutionary outcomes that were not predicted by prior theories of indirect benefits or sexual conflict.
The clinicopathological differences of sporadic non‐ampullary duodenal epithelial neoplasm depending on tumor location
Authors: Matsueda Katsunori , Kanzaki Hiromitsu , Matsueda Kazuhiro , Nasu Junichiro , Yoshioka Masao , Nakagawa Masahiro , Inoue Masafumi , Inaba Tomoki , Imagawa Atsushi , Takatani Masahiro , Takenaka Ryuta , Suzuki Seiyu , Tomoda Jun , Yagi Takahito , Fujiwara Toshiyoshi , Tanaka Takehiro , Okada Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackground and AimAlthough sporadic non‐ampullary duodenal adenoma is speculated to be precancerous lesion, the relationship between adenoma and carcinoma remains unclear due to their rarity. Previous studies on sporadic non‐ampullary duodenal epithelial neoplasm (SNADEN) have mainly targeted superficial tumors, like adenoma and early carcinoma. The clinicopathological features, including those of advanced carcinoma, remain poorly investigated. We assessed the clinicopathological features of SNADEN, including advanced carcinoma, focusing on tumor location.MethodsWe retrospectively collected the data of 410 patients who had been clinically and pathologically diagnosed with SNADEN at 11 institutions in Japan between June 2002 and March 2014.ResultsThe SNADEN was mucosal neoplasia and invasive carcinoma in 321 (78.3%) and 89 (21.7%) patients, respectively. The proportion of invasive carcinomas in SNADEN was significantly higher on the oral side of the papilla of Vater (oral‐Vater) than on the anal side (anal‐Vater) (27.9% vs 14.4%, P < 0.001). Undifferentiated‐type carcinoma was significantly more frequent with oral‐Vater than anal‐Vater (38.7% vs 14.8%, P = 0.026). The recurrence rate of surgically R0 resected locally advanced carcinomas was significantly higher with oral‐Vater than anal‐Vater (46.4% vs 8.3%, P = 0.021). Furthermore, the relapse‐free survival with oral‐Vater was significantly shorter than with anal‐Vater (hazard ratio: 2.35; 95% confidence interval: 1.09–5.50; P = 0.028).ConclusionsThe clinicopathological features of SNADEN on oral‐Vater were different from those on anal‐Vater. SNADEN on oral‐Vater was more likely to be invasive carcinomas and might behave more aggressively due to biologically higher malignancy than that on anal‐Vater.