bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between alexithymia, emotional intelligence and burnout among nursing assistants working in nursing home settings: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Aldaz Erkuden , Aritzeta Aitor , Galdona Nerea 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimsTo determine the explanatory power of alexithymia and emotional intelligence over burnout and to examine their combined explanatory capacity over burnout in the context of older adult care.DesignCross‐sectional. All participants voluntarily and anonymously completed a questionnaire survey. They were all blind to the aim of the study.MethodsOne hundred and fifty‐nine nursing assistants recruited during 2014 took part in the study. They belong to 10 nursing homes in the north of Spain. Sociodemographic and work‐related information was collected, and measures of burnout, alexithymia and emotional intelligence were administered. Data were examined by means of regression analyses.ResultsThe analysis showed that alexithymia made a moderate contribution to the depersonalization and personal accomplishment dimensions of burnout, controlling for the influence of work characteristics. Emotional intelligence did not have incremental validity over alexithymia in explaining burnout.ConclusionAlexithymia, rather than emotional intelligence, is a stronger explanatory variable for burnout among nursing assistants working in nursing homes.ImpactAlexithymia and emotional intelligence are related to burnout and help to explain why, in the same context, each worker is affected differently by chronic stress at work. However, their combined explanatory capacity in nursing assistants working with older people remains underexplored. In our sample, alexithymia explains burnout better than emotional intelligence, a finding that was both unexpected and theoretically relevant. Researchers should take this into account when studying personal resources to prevent and manage burnout among nursing assistants, as alexithymia, rather that emotional intelligence, could play an important role once workers are burned out. Training nursing assistants to identify and describe emotions should be considered as part of their training programmes and/or in nursing homes as an institutional strategy to prevent burnout and to improve the quality of older adult care.
Cutaneous candidiasis – an evidence‐based review of topical and systemic treatments to inform clinical practice
Authors: Taudorf E.H. , Jemec G.B.E. , Hay R.J. , Saunte D.M.L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCutaneous candidiasis is a common skin disease, and several treatments have been investigated within the last fifty years. Yet, systematic reviews are lacking, and evidence‐based topical and systemic treatment strategies remain unclear. Thus, the aim of this review was to summarize efficacy and adverse effects of topical and oral therapies for cutaneous candidiasis in all age groups. Two individual researchers searched PubMed and EMBASE for ‘cutaneous candidiasis’ and ‘cutaneous candidiasis treatment’, ‘intertrigo’, ‘diaper dermatitis’ and ‘cheilitis’. Searches were limited to ‘English language’, ‘clinical trials’ and ‘human subjects’, and prospective clinical trials published in abstracts or articles were included. In total, 149 studies were identified, of which 44 were eligible, comprising 41 studies of 19 topical therapies and four studies of three systemic therapies for cutaneous candidiasis. Topical therapies were investigated in infants, children, adolescents, adults and elderly, while studies of systemic therapies were limited to adolescents and adults. Clotrimazole, nystatin and miconazole were the most studied topical drugs and demonstrated similar efficacy with complete cure rates of 73%–100%. Single‐drug therapy was as effective as combinations of antifungal, antibacterial and topical corticosteroid. Four studies investigated systemic therapy, and oral fluconazole demonstrated similar efficacy to oral ketoconazole and topical clotrimazole. Limitations to this review were mainly that heterogeneity of studies hindered meta‐analyses. In conclusions, clotrimazole, nystatin and miconazole were the most studied topical drugs and demonstrated equal good efficacy and mild adverse effects similar to combinations of antifungal, antibacterial and topical corticosteroids. Oral fluconazole was as effective as topical clotrimazole and is the only commercially available evidence‐based option for systemic treatment of cutaneous candidiasis.
Stepwise approach of development of dermo‐cosmetic products in healthy and atopic dermatitis paediatric population: safety evaluation, clinical development and postmarket surveillance
Authors: Ribet V. , Gurdak M. , Ferret P.‐J. , Brinio E. , Giordano Labadie F. , Rossi A.B. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackground/objectivesPaediatric skin, considered sensitive, and infant skin, more susceptible to percutaneous toxicity, require specially formulated cosmetic products. As recently shown, early use of emollients in infants “at risk” of developing atopic dermatitis has shown controversial results in reducing the incidence of atopic dermatitis. Development of dermo‐cosmetic products for this specific population should especially ensure tolerance and safety. In absence of good clinical practice guideline, we propose here a stepwise approach for the development of paediatric cosmetic skincare products.MethodsOur stepwise methodology for cosmetics aimed at paediatrics, starts with in vitro assessment of product's ingredients safety, followed by preclinical and clinical evaluations of the final product, including sequentially: (1) Repeated Open Application Test (ROAT), (2) Human Repeated Insult Patch Test (HRIPT), (3) In‐use dermatological and ophthalmological tolerance studies (sequentially in 3a: healthy adults, 3b: healthy paediatric subjects and finally 3c: paediatric patients). We also describe the integrated cosmetovigilance–toxicological surveillance during the clinical development phase and postmarketing.ResultsAs illustrated with one dermo‐cosmetic product intended to be used as a preventative/maintenance treatment for atopic dermatitis in paediatric population, we show that using this stepwise methodology to test a product reduces potential risks of irritation and contact dermatitis in this sensitive population.ConclusionStandardized ethical stepwise development approach is needed to ensure the commercialization of safe and well‐tolerated dermo‐cosmetics for paediatrics. The approach described here could potentially serve as guidance for evaluation of new paediatric cosmetic products.
Health care professionals talking: Are services for young adults with type 1 diabetes fit for purpose?
Authors: Harris Margaret , James Steven , Perry Lin , Lowe Julia , Dunbabin Janet , Steinbeck Katharine 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe challenges of becoming a mature adult may distract young adults with type 1 diabetes from disease self‐management, increasing risks for premature morbidity and mortality. Despite the importance of young adults with type 1 diabetes engaging with preventative diabetes‐related health care services, few studies report health care professionals' experiences and perceptions of the support that is available, including during the period of transition. This study sought to determine these factors across diverse contexts in one health jurisdiction.MethodsThis qualitative study was undertaken in New South Wales, Australia. Recruitment was based on a snowball sampling technique, which began with members of an established diabetes service group. Data were collected by individual semistructured interviews with 16 health care professionals, most of whom were registered nurses (75%), working at differing levels of expertise and responsibility across metropolitan and regional/rural areas. Data were analysed using thematic analyses.ResultsParticipants overwhelmingly recognized the time and care needed to support young adults with type 1 diabetes to prepare them for adult self‐management and to work with adult diabetes services, and the importance of youth‐friendly services. They reported shortfalls and inequitous distribution in services for these young adults. Two themes, addressing the present and future possibilities, expressed their perceptions of services for this population: working with what is available and mapping a route to better services.ConclusionFindings identify opportunities for development in the planning and provision of specialist multidisciplinary health care support for this population. New ideas are needed for policy and practice innovation and for the infrastructure to facilitate this, to ensure that young adults with type 1 diabetes have access to consistent and coordinated diabetes health care services, particularly in nonmetropolitan settings.
Sensing fermentation degree of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) beans by machine learning classification models based electronic nose system
Authors: Tan Juzhong , Balasubramanian Balu , Sukha Darin , Ramkissoon Saila , Umaharan Pathmanathan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCocoa bean fermentation is an important postharvest process that develops aroma and processing properties. Although the cocoa fermentation is of high complexly, farmers are employing empirical methods to determine the fermentation degree of cocoa. Researchers, on the other hand, are using expensive equipment such as high‐performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry to study cocoa fermentation. In this study, machine learning based electronic nose system, a fast measuring and affordable method, was developed to determine the fermentation degree of cocoa beans. Six machine‐learning methods (bootstrap forest, boosted tree, decision tree, artificial neural network (ANN), naïve Bayes, and k‐nearest neighbors) were conducted to classify the fermentation time of cocoa beans. Bootstrap forest algorithm achieved a misclassification rate as low as 9.4%. ANN and boosted tree achieved 12.8 and 13.6% misclassification rate respectively. However, other methods failed to do classification for cocoa beans.Practical applicationsThe electronic nose system can be used by cocoa farmers to monitor cocoa fermentation and ensure the quality of cocoa beans. The method is relatively inexpensive and easy to operate.
Role of the endolysosomal system in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Vidyadhara D. J. , Lee John E. , Chandra Sreeganga S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders, affecting 1–1.5% of the total population. While progress has been made in understanding the neurodegenerative mechanisms that lead to cell death in late stages of PD, mechanisms for early, causal pathogenic events are still elusive. Recent developments in PD genetics increasingly point at endolysosomal (E‐L) system dysfunction as the early pathomechanism and key pathway affected in PD. Clathrin‐mediated synaptic endocytosis, an integral part of the neuronal E‐L system, is probably the main early target as evident in auxilin, RME‐8, and synaptojanin‐1 mutations that cause PD. Autophagy, another important pathway in the E‐L system, is crucial in maintaining proteostasis and a healthy mitochondrial pool, especially in neurons considering their inability to divide and requirement to function an entire life‐time. PINK1 and Parkin mutations severely perturb autophagy of dysfunctional mitochondria (mitophagy), both in the cell body and synaptic terminals of dopaminergic neurons, leading to PD. Endolysosomal sorting and trafficking is also crucial, which is complex in multi‐compartmentalized neurons. VPS35 and VPS13C mutations noted in PD target these mechanisms. Mutations in GBA comprise the most common risk factor for PD and initiate pathology by compromising lysosomal function. This is also the case for ATP13A2 mutations. Interestingly, α‐synuclein and LRRK2, key proteins involved in PD, function in different steps of the E‐L pathway and target their components to induce disease pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss these E‐L system genes that are linked to PD and how their dysfunction results in PD pathogenesis.
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This article is part of the Special Issue “Synuclein”.
Cost‐effectiveness of staffing levels on conflict and containment on psychiatric wards in England
Authors: Kartha Muralikrishnan R. , McCrone Paul 
Published: July 2019

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject?

Literature on staffing levels and outcomes in psychiatric wards is limited and shows mixed associations

Lack of economic evidence on conflicts and containment in psychiatric care

Data from the City‐128 study showed that regular qualified nurse staffing levels in the preceding shifts were associated with raised conflict and containment levels

What this paper adds to existing knowledge?

This is the first economic analysis using the City‐128 data, with costs and outcomes data have been combined.

Cost‐effectiveness of different staffing levels in relation to conflicts and containments in England, using data from the City‐128 study

Both day and night shifts appeared to show that the low staff scenario was cost‐effective in terms of conflicts and containment averted, even after attempts were made to adjust for patient severity

What are the implications for practice?

This paper could be an indication towards further investigation into how mental health inpatient care, specially nursing is organized in England.

AbstractIntroductionEvidence from City‐128 study shows a positive association between staffing levels and conflicts/containment. Economic evidence on this topic is scarce, with no economic analyses combining costs and outcomes.Aim/QuestionTo assess the cost‐effectiveness of different staffing levels in relation to conflicts and containments in England, using City‐128 study data.MethodsShifts were grouped into three groups based on staff‐to‐bed ratio. Cost information was combined with total conflicts and containment measures to assess cost‐effectiveness.ResultsThe cost‐effectiveness analysis of the three staffing scenarios for both day and night shifts appeared to show that the low staff scenario was cost‐effective in terms of conflicts and containment averted, even adjusting for patient severity. A production function analysis also revealed that increased staff numbers were associated with higher numbers of events.DiscussionCausation cannot be attributed and neither can recommendations be made on optimal staffing levels. The impact on other outcomes such as symptoms, functioning and length of stay, and other factors should be explored, and these may all benefit from increased staff numbers.Implications for practiceThese results indicate that increasing staff numbers may not necessarily improve conflict and containment outcomes. They may produce positive outcomes in other domains.
Complementary and integrative health methods used for the treatment of oral mucositis in children with cancer in Turkey
Authors: Osmanoglu Yurdakul Zeynep , Esenay Figen Işık 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPurposeWe aimed to determine the complementary and integrative health (CIH) methods used by parents to treat oral mucositis in their children who have cancer.Design and MethodsIn this multicenter, cross‐sectional study, data for the study were collected via the demographic form and CIH form for oral mucositis. The data collection tools were filled out by the researchers during the face‐to‐face interviews. The parents (N = 302) of children with cancer who had undergone at least one round of chemotherapy were included in this study.ResultsAccording to the parents' statements, oral mucositis developed in 91.1% of the children with cancer, and CIH was used in 50.9% of them to treat its side effects. Parents stated that to deal with the oral mucositis, they mainly used black mulberry (41.5%), carbonate (15.2%), and honey (11.6%). Some of the parents (51.8%) used CIH for their children without informing their healthcare providers.Practice ImplicationsThe majority of healthcare providers were unaware of the parents' use of CIH for their children's oral mucositis treatment. Parents' opinions of these methods, of which the side effects and potential interactions with chemotherapeutic agents are not precisely known, and their use by parents for their children's oral mucositis should be evaluated by healthcare providers.
Impact of behaviour change communication interventions on sales of fortified sunflower oil in Tanzania: A spatial–temporal analysis and association study
Authors: Wu Daphne Chen Nee , Horton Sue , Saleh Nadira , Mosha Theobald C.E. , Yusuph Nazir 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Masava project was implemented in Manyara and Shinyanga regions in Tanzania to improve vitamin A intake by making available vitamin A‐fortified sunflower oil with a subsidy through a mobile phone‐based e‐Voucher system. This study was conducted to assess the impact of the behaviour change communication (BCC) campaign of the project on volume of sales of vitamin A‐fortified sunflower oil. The e‐Voucher system provides real‐time data on the number of e‐Vouchers redeemed. The number, type, and locations of BCC events were obtained from the implementation agency. Multivariate linear regression was used to examine the associations between (a) the number and type of BCC events conducted in a ward and the volume of subsequent fortified oil redeemed in the ward and (b) distance of clinic shows, a component of the BCC campaign, from participating retailers and the volume of fortified oil redeemed in the store. After 1 year of the campaign, the volume of fortified oil redeemed monthly increased by more than 5 times in Manyara and by more than three times in Shinyanga. Among the different types of BCC events conducted, only clinic shows and cooking shows were significantly associated with the volume of redemptions (p < .05). Compared with retailers where at least one clinic show was conducted within 0.5 km from its location, the volume of redemptions was significantly lower at retailers where no clinic show conducted within 3.0 km from its location (p < .05). These findings suggest that future health promotion interventions in rural Africa should involve health clinics.
EzrA, a cell shape regulator contributing to biofilm formation and competitiveness in Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Xiang Zhenting , Li Zongbo , Ren Zhi , Zeng Jumei , Peng Xian , Li Yuqing , Li Jiyao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBacterial cell division is initiated by tubulin homologue FtsZ that assembles into a ring structure at mid‐cell to facilitate cytokinesis. EzrA has been identified to be implicated in FtsZ‐ring dynamics and cell wall biosynthesis during cell division of Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, the model rod and cocci. However, its role in pathogenic streptococci remains largely unknown. Here, the role of EzrA was investigated in Streptococcus mutans, the primary etiological agent of human dental caries, by constructing an ezrA in‐frame deletion mutant. Our data showed that the ezrA mutant was slow‐growing with a shortened length and extended width round cell shape compared to the wild type, indicating a delay in cell division with abnormalities of peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Additionally, FtsZ irregularly localized in dividing ezrA mutant cells forming angled division planes, potentially contributing to an aberrant cell shape. Furthermore, investigation using single‐species cariogenic biofilm model revealed that deletion of ezrA resulted in defective biofilm formation with less extracellular polysaccharides and altered three‐dimensional biofilm architecture. Unexpectedly, in a dual‐species ecological model, the ezrA mutant exhibited substantially lower tolerance for H2O2 and reduced competitiveness against one commensal species, Streptococcus sanguinis. Taken together, these results demonstrate that EzrA plays a key role in regulating cell division and maintaining a normal morphology in S. mutans and is required for its robust biofilm formation/interspecies competition. Therefore, EzrA protein represents a potential therapeutic target in the development of drugs controlling dental caries and other biofilm‐related diseases.
Sex and age differences in hospitalized pediatric traumatic brain injury
Authors: Zhang Fang , Huang Lihong , Singichetti Bhavna , Li Huiling , Sullivan Lindsay , Yang Jingzhen Ginger 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) requiring hospitalization in Chinese children ≤17 years of age according to sex and age group.MethodsThis study retrospectively analyzed pediatric TBI inpatient data obtained via electronic health records from one children's hospital in China. Patients aged ≤17 years admitted to the hospital due to TBI between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2015 were identified using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) ‐9 and ICD‐10 codes. The demographic, injury, and hospitalization characteristics were analyzed by sex and age groups.ResultsThe subject consisted of 1,087 pediatric TBI patients admitted to the hospital (61.5% boys). The highest proportion of hospitalization was observed in the 1–3 years age group. For both boys and girls, the most common diagnosis was “traumatic epidural hematoma” and the leading mechanism of TBI was “fall”. The median length of hospital stay was 8.5 days and the median hospitalization cost was 7,977.4 Chinese yuan (approximately $US 1,140).ConclusionsBoys and children aged 1–3 years incurred more pediatric TBI requiring hospitalization than their counterparts. Prevention of falls, the most common injury mechanism in both boys and girls, is an important strategy to reduce pediatric TBI and related hospitalizations.
Reliability of real‐time continuous glucose monitoring in infants
Authors: Tomotaki Seiichi , Toyoshima Katsuaki , Shimokaze Tomoyuki , Kawai Masahiko 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundNeonatal hypoglycemia is a common and treatable risk factor for neurological impairment. Real‐time continuous glucose monitoring (RT‐CGM) can show glucose concentration in real time. Using an RT‐CGM alarm, physicians can be alerted and intervene in hypoglycemia. No reports, however, have evaluated the reliability of RT‐CGM at low glucose levels in infants. This study therefore investigated the difference between blood glucose (BG) and RT‐CGM sensor data at low glucose levels and assessed the optimum method of using a hypoglycemic alarm in infants.MethodsWe enrolled infants whose glycemic management was difficult. We calculated the mean absolute difference (MAD) and mean absolute relative difference (MARD) between BG and RT‐CGM sensor data. We compared the MAD and MARD between the low BG fluctuation and high BG fluctuation groups.ResultsWe used RT‐CGM for 12 patients (29 times) and investigated 448 pairs of BG and RT‐CGM sensor data. The MAD between these pairs was 9.3 ± 8.9 mg/dL, and the MARD was 11.5%. The MAD at low glucose was 7.7 ± 6.0 mg/dL, and the MARD was 16.2%. The MAD and MARD were 6.8 ± 5.4 mg/dL and 7.8% in the low fluctuation group and 10.1 ± 9.5 mg/dL and 12.7% in the high fluctuation group, respectively.ConclusionsThe difference between BG and RT‐CGM sensor data changes with the degree of fluctuation in BG. When physicians set the hypoglycemic alarm, consideration of this difference and a change in the alarm setting according to the degree of fluctuation in BG may be useful.