bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diabetes on Twitter: A Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Gabarron Elia , Dorronzoro Enrique , Rivera-Romero Octavio , Wynn Rolf 
Published: November 2018

Background: Contents published on social media have an impact on individuals and on their decision making. Knowing the sentiment toward diabetes is fundamental to understanding the impact that such information could have on people affected with this health condition and their family members. The objective of this study is to analyze the sentiment expressed in messages on diabetes posted on Twitter. Method: Tweets including one of the terms “diabetes,” “t1d,” and/or “t2d” were extracted for one week using the Twitter standard API. Only the text message and the number of followers of the users were extracted. The sentiment analysis was performed by using SentiStrength. Results: A total of 67 421 tweets were automatically extracted, of those 3.7% specifically referred to T1D; and 6.8% specifically mentioned T2D. One or more emojis were included in 7.0% of the posts. Tweets specifically mentioning T2D and that did not include emojis were significantly more negative than the tweets that included emojis (–2.22 vs −1.48, P < .001). Tweets on T1D and that included emojis were both significantly more positive and also less negative than tweets without emojis (1.71 vs 1.49 and −1.31 vs −1.50, respectively; P < .005). The number of followers had a negative association with positive sentiment strength ( r = –.023, P < .001) and a positive association with negative sentiment ( r = .016, P < .001). Conclusion: The use of sentiment analysis techniques on social media could increase our knowledge of how social media impact people with diabetes and their families and could help to improve public health strategies.
Increasing Patient Self-Enrollment in the National Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Registry: Lessons Learned From a Direct to Provider Campaign
Authors: Rechtman Lindsay , Jordan Heather , Kaye Wendy , Ritsick Maggie , Mehta Paul 
Published: November 2018

Objective: To conduct educational and promotional outreach activities to general neurologists and to increase self-enrollment of persons with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in the National ALS Registry (Registry). Methods: A multicomponent project to educate neurologists and increase Registry self-enrollment was delivered. Project components consisted of phone calls, mailings, train-the-trainer presentations, and key informant interviews. Project-specific metrics, continuing education enrollment, and Registry self-enrollment data were analyzed to measure project efficacy. Results: Mailings were sent to 1561 neurologists in 6 states during 2015 to 2016. Sixty-five percent of responding neurologists remembered the mailing 3 months after receipt. Of providers who saw patients with ALS in the 3-month period, 60% read the provider guide, 22% distributed a patient guide, and 15% advised a patient to self-enroll. No changes in self-enrollment rates were observed. Conclusion: Targeted mailings to providers can be used to educate them about the Registry; however, most providers did not distribute materials to patients with ALS. Increases in providers receiving Registry material did not lead to increases in patient self-enrollment. Practice Implications: General neurologists have competing priorities, and they see patients with ALS infrequently. Neurologists could be the appropriate channel to distribute Registry information to patients, but they are not the appropriate resource to assist patients with self-enrollment. Engaging the support staff of busy specialists can help increase research response rates and information distribution. The lessons learned from this project can be applied to other rare conditions and disease specialists.
Literature review of clinical benefits and reasons to prescribe palliative oxygen therapy in non-hypoxaemic patients
Authors: Collis Steven P 
Published: November 2018

Aims: to review current guidelines and studies available to health professionals in the UK and explore the literature to identify reasons for the prescription of palliative oxygen therapy in non-hypoxaemic patients. Background: oxygen therapy is often associated with the palliative treatment for breathlessness. Although prescription guidelines are available and the risks of oxygen therapy are known, the therapy is still prescribed for non-hypoxaemic patients. Design: a literature search was conducted using relevant databases. Cited evidence from published guidelines was also consulted. Results: the findings suggest that oxygen is no more effective than room air for treating dyspnoea for non-hypoxaemic patients, although two small studies of self-reported benefits from patients and carers indicate different perceptions of need. Conclusion: the findings suggest that there is a knowledge gap with regards understanding the reasons for the prescription of oxygen therapy for non-hypoxaemic patients.
Listening to the family's voice: evaluation of a tool to improve symptom control and communication
Authors: McEvoy Mel , Scott Eileen , Blenkinsopp John , Hamilton Sharon 
Published: November 2018

Background: Acute hospitals provide a high proportion of end-of-life care but some families experience poor communication with clinical staff. Aim: To evaluate the use of the Family's Voice diary communication tool across nine healthcare settings. Methods: A mixed method practice development approach was used incorporating: an audit of the usage of Family's Voice; collation and analysis of written comments; and collation of written feedback from the principal investigators at data collection sites. Findings: There were 112 completed diaries. Families rated pain and vomiting as well controlled, but agitation and breathlessness were difficult to control. Families were positive about care provided to the patients and themselves. Ten themes were identified from analysis of the families' written comments that echoed national concerns. Conclusion: Evidence for the utility of the diary is building. Future work could focus on strategies for embedding the diary into routine care for all end-of-life patients.
Updated rabies vaccine recommendations for travellers
Authors: Gawthrop Mary 
Published: November 2018

Many travellers are unaware of the risks of a rabies infection. Practice nurses are ideally placed to make sure they are informed, says Mary Gawthrop, as well as offer a vaccination plan, whether or not the traveller chooses to accept the course of treatment Rabies is an acute, almost always fatal virus that can spread to humans from animals, usually in the animal's saliva, and it is transmitted via bites or scratches. It is vaccine preventable and the World Health Organization (2018) states that rabies is found all continents, except Antarctica, with over 95% of human deaths from rabies occurring in Asia and Africa. All warm-blooded animals can carry rabies, but while dogs are responsible for the majority of rabies cases in humans, rabies can affect both domestic and wild animals. Of all the diseases that can spread from animals to humans (known as ‘zoonoses’), rabies is the leading cause of death, with more than 59 000 people dying from it each year worldwide ( Public Health England, 2018a ).
Determinants of Vascular Age: An Epidemiological Perspective
Authors: Kucharska-Newton Anna M , Stoner Lee , Meyer Michelle L 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Vascular age is an emerging health indicator and predictor of end-organ damage to the heart, brain, and kidney. Although there have been many review publications concerning risk factors for vascular aging, most include cross-sectional epidemiological studies, limiting inferences about temporality. There is a need for a review of longitudinal epidemiological studies with repeated measures of vascular structure and function to allow for a systematic examination of determinants of vascular age and the association of vascular aging with outcomes.

CONTENT
Arterial stiffness is the most frequently used measure of vascular aging. We report here results of an extensive literature review of longitudinal cohort studies with repeated measures of arterial stiffness to characterize determinants of vascular age. Additionally, we summarize population-based studies that have focused on the association of arterial stiffness with end-organ damage and adverse cardiovascular outcomes.

SUMMARY
Changes in arterial stiffness are evident in early childhood. In adults, arterial stiffness has been observed to progress at the average rate of 0.2 to 0.7 m/s for every 5 years of life. The state of the science is limited by the small number of studies with repeated measures of arterial stiffness and determinants of arterial stiffness progression, as well as limited studies in children and diverse race/ethnic groups. Several extant studies suggest that beyond age, cardiometabolic risk factors and adverse lifestyle behaviors contribute to arterial stiffening. Therefore, arterial stiffness is important in the assessment of healthy vascular aging and a possible target for the prevention of subclinical and clinical disease.
From a lady to a lost ‘Prole’: Girls in the city in Polish cinema of the 1960s and early 1970s
Authors: Mazierska Ewa 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The term ‘girl’ is by no means neutral, but culture-specific. A person called a ‘girl’ in one decade or place might not be classified as ‘girl’ in another. It is widely assumed that in the 1960s the very concept of ‘girlhood’ undertook a profound transformation. However, such claims are usually directed towards western culture. Much less has been written about girls in the countries of state socialism. To make up for this gap, this article considers representations of girls in two Polish films from the beginning of the 1960s, Niewinni czarodzieje (Innocent Sorcerers) (1960), directed by Andrzej Wajda and Do widzenia, do jutra (Good Bye, Till Tomorrow) (1960), directed by Jerzy Morgenstern; and two from the beginning of the 1970s, Seksolatki (Sex-Teenagers) (1971), directed by Zygmunt Hubner and Dziewczyny do wzięcia (Girls to Pick Up) (1971), directed by Janusz Kondratiuk – all set in two large Polish cities, Warsaw and Gdansk. It examines their appearance, their interests, their attitude to sex and their place in the city culture. Of special interest is the relationship between girlhood and class.
Swinging regions: Young women and club culture in 1960s Manchester
Authors: Milestone Katie 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This article examines the opportunities for women to access a ‘Swinging Sixties’ life-style in a northern English city. The article is based upon interviews with women who actively participated in Manchester’s coffee club and discotheque scene in the mid-1960s. I explore the gendered dynamics of the cultural north/south divide and the ways in which girls in the regions carved out access to the style and experience of the ‘Swinging City’, dispelling the popular myth of this being exclusively attached to London. The interview data reveals high levels of creativity and agency and I examine the ways in which encounters with popular culture, notably night clubs, pop music and fashion, impacted on the women’s wider life choices and experiences. I also reflect on cinematic representations of young women in England in this period and the spatially motivated discourses pertinent to the case study.
Cool, sunglasses and the modern woman: Icons of the 1960s
Authors: Brown Vanessa 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This article considers the enduring appeal of certain iconic images of (sub)urban/e women of the 1960s: Audrey Hepburn in Breakfast at Tiffany’s (1961); Black Panther Kathleen Cleaver; and ‘Lolita’ as depicted in the promotional poster for Kubrick’s 1962 film. These are considered in relation to the idea of ‘coolness’, an attribute explored as problematic, yet generally desirable. Frequently perceived as a male attribute, even a male pathology, this article explores cool specifically in relation to iconic images of women, and their potential meanings both at the time of their creation and in the present day. It demonstrates how connections between coolness and modernity are articulated in imagery of women by the wearing of sunglasses, a material and embodied practise that allows acts of gazing to be nuanced in a variety of ways. At first sight, these images may have multiple, ambiguous and apparently contradictory meanings (from ‘nymphet’ to patriarchal refuser) but I will argue that viewing them through the use of sunglasses and the lens of ‘modern cool’ helps to refocus their power and continued, broad appeal as current benchmarks of still desirable, modern femininities, and therefore, their presence in a plethora of pastiches, consumer products and style discourses.
Book Review
Authors: Shiundu Alphonce 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Blaming the Victim: How Global Journalism Fails those in Poverty, Jairo Lugo-Ocando (2015) London: Pluto Press ISBN 9780745334417, p/bk, £26.99 (with free eBook) ISBN 9780745334424, h/bk, £85 ISBN 9781783712274, eBook, £26.99
Integrating theory into illustration education: An interdisciplinary approach enhanced by artistic research in İstanbul
Authors: Veryeri Alaca Ilgım , Onmuş İpek 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Focusing on the roles of theoretical engagement and artistic research in illustration education, this article presents a case primarily based on an undergraduate illustration course in the Media and Visual Arts Department of Koç University. Authored by the instructor of the illustration course and a former student in the course, this article provides insights on theory’s potential to stimulate illustration processes. In addition, it expands on this topic by carrying out eight structured interviews with instructors at other universities to contextualize the case study in relation to current illustration education in Turkey. This study deliberates on the innate presence of theory in illustration, the ways that theoretical arguments may be embedded in illustration, and how a flexible approach in education may facilitate the integration of theory and illustration with a personal flare.
Epidemiological, clinical, and genotype characterization of spinocerebellar ataxia type in families in Buriram province, northeast Thailand
Authors: Wetchaphanphesat Suppachok , Mungaomklang Anek , Papsing Chutima , Pulkes Teeratorn 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
In Thais, the most prevalent type of spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) is type 3, most commonly known as Machado–Joseph disease (MJD), followed by SCA type 1 (SCA1), SCA2, and SCA6.

Objectives
To describe the epidemiological, clinical, and genotypic features of SCA in northeastern Thailand and to study 2 associations: between syndromic features and the genotype of SCA, and between health determinants and scores on the scale for the assessment and rating of ataxia (SARA).

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study of 24 patients with autosomal dominant SCA from 13 families recruited from Buriram province in northeast Thailand between December 2009 and January 2014. Patients provided a clinical history and were examined by a neurologist. DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of each patient. We analyzed associations between the type of SCA and sex, age, family history, clinical features, any underlying disease, age at onset, body weight, smoking status, family history, alcohol consumption, head injury history, and SARA.

Results
Seven of the families were positive for SCA1 and 6 for MJD. There were 24 index patients from these autosomal dominant SCA families, including 13 with SCA1 and 11 with MJD. Their average age was 43.7 years (range 20–72 years), whereas their average age at disease onset was 36.9 years (range 18–59 years). Pyramidal signs between MJD and SCA1 were not significantly different. Extrapyramidal features appeared uncommon. Horizontal nystagmus and upward gaze paresis were significantly associated with MJD. There were no significant differences in demographic data between the groups with SARA scores ≥15 or <15.

Conclusions
MJD and SCA1 were the 2 adult-onset cerebellar degenerative diseases found in Buriram province. Clinical clues for differentiating between them were upward gaze paresis and horizontal nystagmus, which were significantly more common in MJD.
Law invariant risk measures and information divergences
Authors: Lacker Daniel 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAone-to-one correspondence is drawnbetween lawinvariant risk measures and divergences,which we define as functionals of pairs of probability measures on arbitrary standard Borel spaces satisfying a few natural properties. Divergences include many classical information divergence measures, such as relative entropy and convex f -divergences. Several properties of divergence and their duality with law invariant risk measures are characterized, such as joint semicontinuity and convexity, and we notably relate their chain rules or additivity properties with certain notions of time consistency for dynamic law risk measures known as acceptance and rejection consistency. The examples of shortfall risk measures and optimized certainty equivalents are discussed in detail.
Software-based microarchitectural attacks
Authors: Gruss Daniel 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Modern processors are highly optimized systems where every single cycle of computation time matters. Many optimizations depend on the data that is being processed. Microarchitectural attacks leak this data (side channels) or exploit physical imperfections to take control of the entire system (fault attacks). In my thesis (D. Gruss. Software-based Microarchitectural Attacks. PhD thesis, Graz University of Technology, 2017), I improved over state of the art in microarchitectural attacks and defenses in three dimensions. I cover these briefly in this summary. First, I show that attacks can be fully automated. Second, I present several novel previously unknown side channels. Third, I show that attacks can be mounted in highly restricted environments such as sandboxed JavaScript code in websites, and on any computer system including smartphones, tablets, personal computers, and commercial cloud systems. These results formed one of the corner stones for attacks like Meltdown (M. Lipp et al. Meltdown: Reading kernel memory from user space. In USENIX Security Symposium, 2018) and Spectre (P. Kocher et al. Spectre attacks: Exploiting speculative execution. In S&P, 2019) which were discovered months after the thesis was concluded.
Charakteristika nationaler Forschungsbedingungen
Authors: Hillebrand Vera 
Published: November 2018

ZusammenfassungDer letzte Teil der Artikelreihe behandelt Eigenschaften nationaler Forschungsumgebungen und Unterschiede zwischen ihnen. Dafür entwickelte die Autorin basierend auf einer kleinen Anzahl qualitativer Interviews ein Modell, um zu veranschaulichen, welche Anreize Forschenden geboten werden sollten, um den gewünschten Mobilitätsfluss eines Nationalstaates anzuregen. Drei wichtige Eigenschaften nationaler Forschungsumgebungen beeinflussen die Mobilität von Forschenden direkt: Finanzielle Ressourcen, Forschungskultur und Infrastruktur. Aufgrund des geringen Umfangs der Interviewstudie sollte das Modell durch eine größere qualitative Datensammlung validiert werden.
Eine „autoritative“ Datenbank auf dem Prüfstand: Der Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) und seine Datenqualität
Authors: Tüür-Fröhlich Terje 
Published: November 2018

Zusammenfassung
Zitatdatenbanken bilden die Datengrundlagen für zahlreiche szientometrische Untersuchungen, Evaluationen wissenschaftlicher Leistungen und Uni-Rankings. In der Literatur finden sich kaum Hinweise auf endogene Fehler (Original richtig, Datenbankeintrag falsch) in den kostenpflichtigen Datenbanken. Banale Fehler (z. B. Falschschreibung der Namen von Autorinnen oder Autoren) in Datenbanken hätten nur geringe Relevanz. Die Fehlersuche zu Pierre Bourdieu als „cited author“ im SSCI (Vergleich Original – SSCI-Record) ergab mehr als 85 Mutationen. Die Fallstudien zeigen eine hohe Anzahl endogener Datenbankfehler. In den Rechtswissenschaften übliche Referenzen in Fußnoten laufen große Gefahr, in Phantomreferenzen verwandelt zu werden (Fallstudie Harvard Law Review: 99 Prozent Fehler). Dem Anspruch des SSCI, die „relevanten“ globalen Sozialwissenschaften abzubilden – für alle im SSCI erfassten Disziplinen –, stehen offenbar Mängel in Datenerfassung und -verarbeitung im Wege.
Improving Performance of Optical Networks by Using FRPI Algorithm
Authors: Poorzare Reza , Abedidarabad Siamak 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOptical burst switching (OBS) is a new emerging network that is developing rapidly. By increasing the amount of traffic on the Internet the necessity for having networks like OBS ones that can carry heavy traffic is needed. These networks have an important problem due to being bufferless. The congestion control of the network is a little confusing for some protocols like transport control protocol (TCP) Vegas as they are appropriate for conventional wired networks not optical ones. When a drop happens in OBS networks it can be because of two reasons: 1. congestion and 2. Contention that has been possible due to the bufferless nature of the network. When a contention happens and a packet drops, TCP thinks that the network is experiencing heavy load however it may not, and it decreases the sending rate, as a result, it leads to a reduction in the performance of the network. In this paper, we are trying to improve the performance of the network by employing a new algorithm that called Fuzzy-RTT Performance Improver. This algorithm is based on fuzzy logic and round-trip time measurements. Simulative results show that this algorithm outperforms TCP Vegas in terms of throughput and packet delivery count.
Modal Adverbs in FDG: Putting the Theory to the Test
Authors: Keizer Evelien 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
One of the distinctive features of the theory of Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG) is that it distinguishes various hierarchically organized layers of analysis, each of which is provided with a slot for modifiers relevant at the layer in question. Linear placement of these modifiers is determined by the layer to which they belong, with the ordering of elements taking place in a top-down, outward-inward manner. The model, in other words, makes predictions concerning the (relative) clausal position of different types of modifiers. In addition, the model places constraints on the occurrence of different types of modifiers in embedded environments (e.g. within the complement of certain types of verbs). Finally, the model places constraints on which modifiers can be expected to co-occur in coordinated constructions. The aim of the present paper is to test these predictions by examining the function, position and distribution of ten adverbs expressing various kinds of modality. Data from the British National Corpus (BYU-BNC) is used (i) to determine whether the predictions following from the overall organization of the FDG model are supported by empirical data; and (ii) to refine, where necessary, the classifications of modal adverbs proposed in the literature.