bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entangling the social: Comments on Alexander Wendt, Quantum Mind and Social Science
Authors: Little Daniel 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAlexander Wendt suggests that an emerging field of research on quantum consciousness may have important implications for our understanding of the social world as well. He wants us to consider that the operations of the brain are not “classical” but rather quantum‐mechanical, and that this sheds light on the social worker as well. This article casts doubt on these claims. First, the idea of panpsychism (all physical things possess features of consciousness) is implausible on its face. Second, the findings of “quantum decision theory” are much more limited than Wendt recognizes. Third, the biological quantum effects currently subject to investigation are limited in their application to brains and persons by unavoidable limits of time and space scale on quantum effects. The “brain as quantum computer” or “brain as wave function” theory is very implausible given current knowledge.
The practices of collective action: Practice theory, sustainability transitions and social change
Authors: Welch Daniel , Yates Luke 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDeveloping theory for understanding social transformation is essential for environmental sustainability, yet mainstream accounts of collective action neglect the dynamics of daily life. Theories of practice have proved generative for the study of sustainable consumption but struggle to accommodate the roles of collective actors, strategic action and purposive collective projects in social change. In response, this paper develops a practice theoretical account of collective action pertinent to processes of large scale social change, with specific focus on transitions towards sustainability. We consider three ideal types of collective—bureaucratic organisations, groupings and latent networks—and, drawing on existing social theoretical resources that are ontologically compatible with a practice account, explore the kinds of practices and arrangements which compose them. Processes concerning strategy, bureaucracy, management, social worlds and collective identity are identified as important combinations of practices and arrangements. We suggest a key contribution of practice theory has been to identify a type of collective action we call dispersed collective activity, and we suggest how this type of activity may give rise to collectives. We conclude by suggesting further development for the realisation of the project's contribution to the analysis of sustainability transitions.
Oesophageal diameter is associated with severity but not progression of systemic sclerosis‐associated interstitial lung disease
Authors: Winstone Tiffany A. , Hague Cameron J. , Soon Jeanette , Sulaiman Nada , Murphy Darra , Leipsic Jonathon , Dunne James V. , Wilcox Pearce G. , Ryerson Christopher J. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveIt is unknown whether oesophageal disease is associated with systemic sclerosis‐associated interstitial lung disease (SSc‐ILD) severity, progression or mortality.MethodsHigh‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans from 145 SSc‐ILD patients were scored for fibrosis score, oesophageal diameter and presence of hiatal hernia. Fibrosis asymmetry was calculated as: (most affected side − least affected side)/(most affected side + least affected side). Mixed effects models were used for repeated measures analyses.ResultsMean fibrosis score was 8.6%, and most patients had mild‐to‐moderate physiological impairment. Every 1 cm increase in oesophageal diameter was associated with 1.8% higher fibrosis score and 5.5% lower forced vital capacity (FVC; P ≤ 0.001 for unadjusted and adjusted analyses). Patients with hiatal hernia had 3.9% higher fibrosis score, with persistent differences on adjusted analysis (P = 0.001). Oesophageal diameter predicted worsening fibrosis score over the subsequent year (P = 0.02), but not when adjusting for baseline fibrosis score (P = 0.16). Oesophageal diameter was independently associated with mortality (P = 0.001). Oesophageal diameter was not associated with asymmetric disease or radiological features of gross aspiration.ConclusionOesophageal diameter and hiatal hernia are independently associated with SSc‐ILD severity and mortality, but not with ILD progression or asymmetric disease. Oesophageal disease is unlikely to be a significant driver of ILD progression in SSc.
Tectonothermal history of the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland) in the light of low‐temperature thermochronology
Authors: Botor Dariusz , Anczkiewicz Aneta A. , Dunkl István , Golonka Jan , Paszkowski Mariusz , Mazur Stanisław 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe low‐temperature thermal history of the Holy Cross Mountains (HCM) is investigated by apatite fission track and apatite and zircon (U–Th)/He thermochronology. Our results provide constraints on the deformation history of Palaeozoic basement rocks in the transition area from Precambrian to Palaeozoic Europe that are exposed from beneath Permian–Mesozoic sediments within the HCM. Late to post‐Variscan cooling of the Palaeozoic strata from maximum temperatures is shown to be a major feature of the HCM. This cooling likely followed a heating event related to burial and/or hot fluid circulation along the Holy Cross Fault in the late Carboniferous. The central part of the HCM shows a rapid cooling event caused by tectonic inversion, which started in the Late Cretaceous. However, this event was less pronounced in the western margin of the HCM, where slow cooling continued throughout the Mesozoic with only minor acceleration of the cooling rate since the latest Cretaceous.
Modeling and Simulation of Pretomanid Pharmacokinetics in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
Authors: Lyons Michael A. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
Pretomanid is a nitroimidazole antibiotic in late-phase clinical testing as a component of several novel antituberculosis (anti-TB) regimens. A population pharmacokinetic model for pretomanid was constructed using a Bayesian analysis of data from two phase 2 studies, PA-824-CL-007 and PA-824-CL-010, conducted with adult (median age, 27 years) patients in Cape Town, South Africa, with newly diagnosed pulmonary TB. Combined, these studies included 63 males and 59 females administered once-daily oral pretomanid doses of 50, 100, 150, 200, 600, 1,000, or 1,200 mg for 14 days. The observed pretomanid plasma concentration-time profiles for all tested doses were described by a one-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination and a sigmoidal bioavailability dependent on dose, time, and the predose fed state. Allometric scaling with body weight (normalized to 70 kg) was used for volume of distribution and clearance, with the scaling exponents equal to 1 and 3/4, respectively. The posterior population geometric means for the clearance and volume of distribution allometric constants were 4.8 ± 0.2 liters/h and 130 ± 5 liters, respectively, and the posterior population geometric mean for the half-maximum-effect dose for the reduction of bioavailability was 450 ± 50 mg. Interindividual variability, described by the percent coefficient of variation, was 32% ± 3% for clearance, 17% ± 4% for the volume of distribution, and 74% ± 9% for the half-maximum-effect dose. This model provides a dose-exposure relationship for pretomanid in adult TB patients with potential applications to dose selection in individuals and to further clinical testing of novel pretomanid-containing anti-TB regimens.
Inefficient HIV-1transInfection of CD4+T Cells by Macrophages from HIV-1 Nonprogressors Is Associated with Altered Membrane Cholesterol and DC-SIGN
Authors: DeLucia Diana C. , Rinaldo Charles R. , Rappocciolo Giovanna 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTProfessional antigen-presenting cells (APC; myeloid dendritic cells [DC] and macrophages [MΦ]; B lymphocytes) mediate highly efficient HIV-1 infection of CD4+T cells, termedtransinfection, that could contribute to HIV-1 pathogenesis. We have previously shown that lower cholesterol content in DC and B lymphocytes is associated with a lack of HIV-1transinfection in HIV-1-infected nonprogressors (NP). Here, we assessed whether HIV-1transinfection mediated by another major APC, MΦ, is deficient in NP due to altered cholesterol metabolism. When comparing healthy HIV-1 seronegatives (SN), rapid progressors (PR), and NP, we found that monocyte-derived MΦ from NP did not mediate HIV-1transinfection of autologous CD4+T cells, in contrast to efficienttransinfection mediated by SN and PR MΦ. MΦtransinfection efficiency was directly associated with the number of DC-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN)-expressing MΦ. Significantly fewer NP MΦ expressed DC-SIGN. Unesterified (free) cholesterol in MΦ cell membranes and lipid rafting was significantly lower in NP than PR, as was virus internalization in early endosomes. Furthermore, simvastatin (SIMV) decreased the subpopulation of DC-SIGN+MΦ as well ascisandtransinfection. Notably, SIMV decreased cell membrane cholesterol and led to lipid raft dissociation, effectively mimicking the incompetent APCtransinfection environment characteristic of NP. Our data support that DC-SIGN and membrane cholesterol are central to MΦtransinfection, and a lack of these limits HIV-1 disease progression. Targeting the ability of MΦ to drive HIV-1 dissemination intranscould enhance HIV-1 therapeutic strategies.IMPORTANCEDespite the success of combination antiretroviral therapy, neither a vaccine nor a cure for HIV infection has been developed, demonstrating a need for novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategies. Here, we show that efficiency of MΦ-mediated HIVtransinfection of CD4+T cells is a unique characteristic associated with control of disease progression, and it is impaired in HIV-infected NP.In vitrotreatment of MΦ from healthy donors with SIMV lowers their cholesterol content, which results in a strongly reducedtransinfection ability, similar to the levels of MΦ from NP. Taken together, our data support the hypothesis that MΦ-mediated HIV-1transinfection plays a role in HIV infection and disease progression and demonstrate that the use of SIMV to decrease this mechanism of virus transfer should be considered for future HIV therapeutic development.
Behaviours preceding suicides at railway and underground locations: a multimethodological qualitative approach
Authors: Mackenzie Jay-Marie , Borrill Jo , Hawkins Emily , Fields Bob , Kruger Ian , Noonan Ian , Marzano Lisa 
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesSuicides by train have devastating consequences for families, the rail industry, staff dealing with the aftermath of such incidents and potential witnesses. To reduce suicides and suicide attempts by rail, it is important to learn how safe interventions can be made. However, very little is known about how to identify someone who may be about to make a suicide attempt at a railway location (including underground/subways). The current research employed a novel way of understanding what behaviours might immediately precede a suicide or suicide attempt at these locations.Design and methodsA qualitative thematic approach was used for three parallel studies. Data were gathered from several sources, including interviews with individuals who survived a rail suicide attempt (n=9), CCTV footage of individuals who died by rail suicide (n=16) and qualitative survey data providing views from rail staff (n=79).ResultsOur research suggests that there are several behaviours that people may carry out before a suicide or suicide attempt at a rail location, including station hopping and platform switching, limiting contact with others, positioning themselves at the end of the track where the train/tube approaches, allowing trains to pass by and carrying out repetitive behaviours.ConclusionsThere are several behaviours that may be identifiable in the moments leading up to a suicide or suicide attempt on the railways which may present opportunities for intervention. These findings have implications for several stakeholders, including rail providers, transport police and other organisations focused on suicide prevention.
Ventricular arrhythmia burden after transcatheter versus surgical pulmonary valve replacement
Authors: Wadia Subeer Kanwar , Lluri Gentian , Aboulhosn Jamil A , Shivkumar Kalyanam , Reemtsen Brian L , Laks Hillel , Biniwale Reshma M , Levi Daniel S , Salem Morris , Moore Jeremy P 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveComparative ventricular arrhythmia (VA) outcomes following transcatheter (TC-PVR) or surgical pulmonary valve replacement (S-PVR) have not been evaluated. We sought to compare differences in VAs among patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) following TC-PVR or S-PVR.MethodsPatients with repaired CHD who underwent TC-PVR or S-PVR at the UCLA Medical Center from 2010 to 2016 were analysed retrospectively. Patients who underwent hybrid TC-PVR or had a diagnosis of congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries were excluded. Patients were screened for a composite of non-intraoperative VA (the primary outcome variable), defined as symptomatic/recurrent non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) requiring therapy, sustained VT or ventricular fibrillation. VA epochs were classified as 0–1 month (short-term), 1–12 months (mid-term) and ≥1 year (late-term).ResultsThree hundred and two patients (TC-PVR, n=172 and S-PVR, n=130) were included. TC-PVR relative to S-PVR was associated with fewer clinically significant VAs in the first 30 days after valve implant (adjusted HR 0.20, p=0.002), but similar mid-term and late-term risks (adjusted HR 0.72, p=0.62 and adjusted HR 0.47, p=0.26, respectively). In propensity-adjusted models, S-PVR, patient age at PVR and native right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) (vs bioprosthetic/conduit outflow tract) were independent predictors of early VA after pulmonary valve implantation (p<0.05 for all).ConclusionCompared with S-PVR, TC-PVR was associated with reduced short-term but comparable mid-term and late-term VA burdens. Risk factors for VA after PVR included a surgical approach, valve implantation into a native RVOT and older age at PVR.
What they say and what they do: comparing physical activity across the USA, England and the Netherlands
Authors: Kapteyn Arie , Banks James , Hamer Mark , Smith James P , Steptoe Andrew , van Soest Arthur , Koster Annemarie , Htay Wah Saw 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundPhysical activity (PA) is important for maintaining health, but there are fundamental unanswered questions on how best it should be measured.MethodsWe measured PA in the Netherlands (n=748), the USA (n=540) and England (n=254), both by a 7 day wrist-worn accelerometer and by self-reports. The self-reports included a global self-report on PA and a report on the frequency of vigorous, moderate and mild activity.ResultsThe self-reported data showed only minor differences across countries and across groups within countries (such as different age groups or working vs non-working respondents). The accelerometer data, however, showed large differences; the Dutch and English appeared to be much more physically active than Americans h (For instance, among respondents aged 50 years or older 38% of Americans are in the lowest activity quintile of the Dutch distribution). In addition, accelerometer data showed a sharp decline of PA with age, while no such pattern was observed in self-reports. The differences between objective measures and self-reports occurred for both types of self-reports.ConclusionIt is clear that self-reports and objective measures tell vastly different stories, suggesting that across countries people use different response scales when answering questions about how physically active they are.
Contextual modulation of sensitivity to naturalistic image structure in macaque V2
Authors: Ziemba Corey M. , Freeman Jeremy , Simoncelli Eero P. , Movshon J. Anthony 
Published: April 2018

The stimulus selectivity of neurons in V1 is well known, as is the finding that their responses can be affected by visual input to areas outside of the classical receptive field. Less well understood are the ways selectivity is modified as signals propagate to visual areas beyond V1, such as V2. We recently proposed a role for V2 neurons in representing the higher order statistical dependencies found in images of naturally occurring visual texture. V2 neurons, but not V1 neurons, respond more vigorously to “naturalistic” images that contain these dependencies than to “noise” images that lack them. In this work, we examine the dependency of these effects on stimulus size. For most V2 neurons, the preference for naturalistic over noise stimuli was modest when presented in small patches and gradually strengthened with increasing size, suggesting that the mechanisms responsible for this enhanced sensitivity operate over regions of the visual field that are larger than the classical receptive field. Indeed, we found that surround suppression was stronger for noise than for naturalistic stimuli and that the preference for large naturalistic stimuli developed over a delayed time course consistent with lateral or feedback connections. These findings are compatible with a spatially broad facilitatory mechanism that is absent in V1 and suggest that a distinct role for the receptive field surround emerges in V2 along with sensitivity for more complex image structure. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The responses of neurons in visual cortex are often affected by visual input delivered to regions of the visual field outside of the conventionally defined receptive field, but the significance of such contextual modulations are not well understood outside of area V1. We studied the importance of regions beyond the receptive field in establishing a novel form of selectivity for the statistical dependencies contained in natural visual textures that first emerges in area V2.
Evaluation of Prexasertib, a Checkpoint Kinase 1 Inhibitor, in a Phase Ib Study of Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Hong David S. , Moore Kathleen , Patel Manish , Grant Stefan C. , Burris Howard A. , William William N. , Jones Suzanne , Meric-Bernstam Funda , Infante Jeffrey , Golden Lisa , Zhang Wei , Martinez Ricardo , Wijayawardana Sameera , Beckmann Richard , Lin Aimee Bence , Eng Cathy , Bendell Johanna 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPurpose: Prexasertib, a checkpoint kinase 1 inhibitor, demonstrated single-agent activity in patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the dose-escalation portion of a phase I study (NCT01115790). Monotherapy prexasertib was further evaluated in patients with advanced SCC.Patients and Methods: Patients were given prexasertib 105 mg/m2 as a 1-hour infusion on day 1 of a 14-day cycle. Expansion cohorts were defined by tumor and treatment line. Safety, tolerability, efficacy, and exploratory biomarkers were analyzed.Results: Prexasertib was given to 101 patients, including 26 with SCC of the anus, 57 with SCC of the head and neck (SCCHN), and 16 with squamous cell non–small cell lung cancer (sqNSCLC). Patients were heavily pretreated (49% ≥3 prior regimens). The most common treatment-related adverse event was grade 4 neutropenia (71%); 12% of patients had febrile neutropenia. Median progression-free survival was 2.8 months [90% confidence interval (CI), 1.9–4.2] for SCC of the anus, 1.6 months (90% CI, 1.4–2.8) for SCCHN, and 3.0 months (90% CI, 1.4–3.9) for sqNSCLC. The clinical benefit rate at 3 months (complete response + partial response + stable disease) across tumors was 29% (23% SCC of the anus, 28% SCCHN, 44% sqNSCLC). Four patients with SCC of the anus had partial or complete response [overall response rate (ORR) = 15%], and three patients with SCCHN had partial response (ORR = 5%). Biomarker analyses focused on genes that altered DNA damage response or increased replication stress.Conclusions: Prexasertib demonstrated an acceptable safety profile and single-agent activity in patients with advanced SCC. The prexasertib maximum-tolerated dose of 105 mg/m2 was confirmed as the recommended phase II dose. Clin Cancer Res; 24(14); 3263–72. ©2018 AACR.
Transcatheter Versus Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients With Prior Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Gupta Tanush , Khera Sahil , Kolte Dhaval , Goel Kashish , Kalra Ankur , Villablanca Pedro A. , Aronow Herbert D. , Abbott J. Dawn , Fonarow Gregg C. , Taub Cynthia C. , Kleiman Neal S. , Weisz Giora , Inglessis Ignacio , Elmariah Sammy , Rihal Charanjit S. , Garcia Mario J. , Bhatt Deepak L. 
Published: April 2018

Background—
A significant proportion of patients requiring aortic valve replacement (AVR) have undergone prior coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Reoperative heart surgery is associated with increased risk. Data on relative utilization and comparative outcomes of transcatheter (TAVR) versus surgical AVR (SAVR) in patients with prior CABG are limited.

Methods and Results—

We queried the 2012 to 2014 National Inpatient Sample databases to identify isolated AVR hospitalizations in adults with prior CABG. In-hospital outcomes of TAVR versus SAVR were compared using propensity-matched analysis. Of 147 395 AVRs, 15 055 (10.2%) were in patients with prior CABG. The number of TAVRs in patients with prior CABG increased from 1615 in 2012 to 4400 in 2014, whereas the number of SAVRs decreased from 2285 to 1895 (
P
trend
<0.001). There were 3880 records in each group in the matched cohort. Compared with SAVR, TAVR was associated with similar in-hospital mortality (2.3% versus 2.4%;
P
=0.71) but lower incidence of myocardial infarction (1.5% versus 3.4%;
P
<0.001), stroke (1.4% versus 2.7%;
P
<0.001), bleeding complications (10.6% versus 24.6%;
P
<0.001), and acute kidney injury (16.2% versus 19.3%;
P
<0.001). Requirement for prior permanent pacemaker was higher in the TAVR cohort, whereas the incidence of vascular complications and acute kidney injury requiring dialysis was similar in the 2 groups. Average length of stay was shorter in patients undergoing TAVR.

Conclusions—
TAVR is being increasingly used as the preferred modality of AVR in patients with prior CABG. Compared with SAVR, TAVR is associated with similar in-hospital mortality but lower rates of in-hospital complications in this important subset of patients.