bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic analyses of Astragalus sect. Humillimi (Fabaceae) resolve taxonomy and enable effective conservation
Authors: Massatti Rob , Belus Matthew T. , Dowlatshahi Shahed , Allan Gerard J. 
Published: September 2018

Premise of the StudyAstragalus sect. Humillimi is distributed across the southwestern United States and contains two endangered taxa, A. cremnophylax var. cremnophylax and A. humillimus. The former was originally described from the South Rim of the Grand Canyon. Analysis of individuals discovered on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon yielded some evidence that the population represented a distinct species. To enable effective conservation, we clarify the group's taxonomy and characterize the genetic diversity of A. cremnophylax and A. humillimus.MethodsWe used AFLPs to genotype most species in sect. Humillimi, focusing on the two endangered forms. We examined patterns of genetic diversity using complementary analytical approaches.Key ResultsOur results demonstrate that North Rim populations group with A. c. var. cremnophylax. We found low levels of genetic diversity at certain localities and strong differentiation among populations. Astragalus humillimus, which has suffered recent and severe population declines, exhibits weak differentiation among and low diversity within populations.ConclusionsOur results clarify the taxonomy of sect. Humillimi and define the boundaries of A. c. var. cremnophylax, which is shown to inhabit both rims of the Grand Canyon. This clarification, and detailed analysis of genetic variation within both endangered taxa, may advance ongoing efforts to conserve these taxa. Our results suggest that range‐wide genetic analysis of A. humillimus may inform recovery strategies for this taxon.
Overcoming the “Holy Hush”: A Qualitative Examination of Protestant Christian Leaders’ Responses to Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Houston‐Kolnik Jaclyn D. , Todd Nathan R. , Greeson Megan R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDescribed as a “holy hush,” past research has noted a general silence about and reluctance to address intimate partner violence (IPV) in religious congregations. To explore this, we interviewed 20 Protestant Christian religious leaders about how they understood and responded toIPV. Based on a thematic content analysis, our study revealed some of the challenges, tensions, and complexities that may be barriers to leaders speaking about and responding toIPV, and also the ways religious leaders in our sample attempted to overcome these challenges. For example, results revealed religious leaders understood violence on a gradation from less to more severe, and linked a need for and type of response to the level of violence. Throughout, religious leaders expressed a tension between their leadership role and responding toIPV. Furthermore, religious leaders acknowledged their need for greater training and connections to service providers, however, they reported not currently being connected to otherIPVresources or organizations in the community. We discuss how the findings illuminate challenges and tensions for religious leaders in responding toIPVand how some leaders in this study were navigating these tensions to respond. We also discuss how findings may inform future research and the development of trainings and protocols for religious leaders and congregations on responding toIPV, promoting survivor safety, and fostering a greater understanding ofIPV. Implications for collaboration with other community‐basedIPVorganizations are also discussed.
Toss the Floss? Evidence‐Based Oral Hygiene Recommendations for the Periodontal Patient in the Age of “Flossgate”
Authors: Geisinger Maria L. , Ogdon Dorothy , Kaur Maninder , Valiquette Gentiane , Geurs Nicolaas C. , Reddy Michael S. 
Published: September 2018

Focused Clinical QuestionWhat are the key considerations for effective delivery of oral hygiene home care to best manage or prevent periodontal diseases?BackgroundPlaque control is critical for the management of periodontal diseases, but not all patients demonstrate the same risk for disease progression and challenges differ based upon clinical findings. This report seeks to present evidence‐based oral hygiene recommendations for a variety of common periodontal diseases.SummaryAccurate diagnosis, risk assessment, and individualized delivery of oral hygiene instruction is necessary to ensure that patients can provide adequate home care to promote health and maintain the benefits of periodontal therapy.ConclusionsOral hygiene techniques and recommendations should vary based upon patients’ clinical presentation and risk assessment. Utilization of evidence‐based strategies to deliver personalized care will allow for optimal wellness for patients.
Ultrasonic Exfoliation of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Metal–Organic Frameworks To Form Nanosheets
Authors: Ashworth David J. , Cooper Adam , Trueman Mollie , Al‐Saedi Rasha W. M. , Smith Liam D. , Meijer Anthony J. H. M. , Foster Jonathan A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe modular structure of metal–organic framework nanosheets (MONs) provides a convenient route to creating two‐dimensional materials with readily tuneable surface properties. Here, the liquid exfoliation of two closely related layered metal–organic frameworks functionalised with either methoxy‐propyl (1) or pentyl (2) pendent groups intended to bestow either hydrophilic or hydrophobic character to the resulting nanosheets is reported. Exfoliation of the two materials in a range of different solvents highlighted significant differences in their dispersion properties, as well as their molecular and nanoscopic structures. Exchange or loss of solvent was found to occur at the labile axial position of the paddle‐wheel based MONs and DFT calculations indicated that intramolecular coordination by the oxygen of the methoxy‐propyl pendant groups may take place. The nanoscopic dimensions of the MONs were further tuned by varying the exfoliation conditions and through “liquid cascade centrifugation”. Aqueous suspensions of the nanosheets were used as sensors to detect aromatic heterocycles with clear differences in binding behaviour observed and quantified.
Polypyridyl‐Based Copper Phenanthrene Complexes: A New Type of Stabilized Artificial Chemical Nuclease
Authors: Zuin Fantoni Nicoló , Molphy Zara , Slator Creina , Menounou Georgia , Toniolo Gianluca , Mitrikas George , McKee Vickie , Chatgilialoglu Chryssostomos , Kellett Andrew 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe building of robust and versatile inorganic scaffolds with artificial metallo‐nuclease (AMN) activity is an important goal for bioinorganic, biotechnology, and metallodrug research fields. Here, a new type of AMN combining a tris‐(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine (TPMA) scaffold with the copper(II)N,N′‐phenanthrene chemical nuclease core is reported. In designing these complexes, the stabilization and flexibility of TPMA together with the prominent chemical nuclease activity of copper 1,10‐phenanthroline (Phen) were targeted. A second aspect was the opportunity to introduce designer phenazine DNA intercalators (e.g., dipyridophenazine; DPPZ) for improved DNA recognition. Five compounds of formula [Cu(TPMA)(N,N′)]2+(whereN,N′ is 2,2‐bipyridine (Bipy), Phen, 1,10‐phenanthroline‐5,6‐dione (PD), dipyridoquinoxaline (DPQ), or dipyridophenazine (DPPZ)) were developed and characterized by X‐ray crystallography. Solution stabilities were studied by continuous‐wave EPR (cw‐EPR), hyperfine sublevel correlation (HYSCORE), and Davies electron–nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopies, which demonstrated preferred geometries in which phenanthrene ligands were coordinated to the copper(II) TPMA core. Complexes with Phen, DPQ, and DPPZ ligands possessed enhanced DNA binding activity, with DPQ and DPPZ compounds showing excellent intercalative effects. These complexes are effective AMNs and analysis with spin‐trapping scavengers of reactive oxygen species and DNA repair enzymes with glycosylase/endonuclease activity demonstrated a distinctive DNA oxidation activity compared to classical Sigman‐ and Fenton‐type reagents.
Isolation and Crystallographic Characterization of Lu3N@C2n (2n=80–88): Cage Selection by Cluster Size
Authors: Shen Wang‐Qiang , Bao Li‐Piao , Hu Shuai‐Feng , Gao Xue‐Jiao , Xie Yun‐Peng , Gao Xing‐Fa , Huang Wen‐Huan , Lu Xing 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe small Sc3N cluster has only been found in such small cages as C2n (2n=68, 78, 80, 82), whereas the large M3N (M=Y, Gd, Tb, Tm) clusters choose those larger cages C2n (2n=82–88). Herein, concrete experimental evidence is presented to establish the size effect of the internal metallic cluster on selecting the outer cage of endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) by using a medium‐sized metal, lutetium, which possesses an ionic radius between Sc and Gd. A series of lutetium‐containing EMFs have been obtained and their structures are unambiguously determined as Lu3N@Ih(7)‐C80, Lu3N@D5h(6)‐C80, Lu3N@C2v(9)‐C82, Lu3N@Cs(51365)‐C84, Lu3N@D3(17)‐C86, and Lu3N@D2(35)‐C88 by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction crystallography. It was confirmed that the encaged Lu3N cluster always adopts a planar geometry in Lu3N@C80‐88 isomers to ensure substantial metal‐cage/metal‐nitrogen interactions. As a result, the Lu3N cluster selects the C2v(9)‐C82 cage, which also encapsulates Sc3N, instead of the Cs(39663)‐C82 cage which is more suitable for M3N (M=Y, Gd, Tb, Tm). However, different from Sc3N, Lu3N can also template the C84–88 cages which are absent for Sc3N‐containing EMFs, confirming clearly the size effect of the internal cluster on selecting the outer cage.
Antitrypanosomatid Pharmacomodulation at Position 3 of the 8‐Nitroquinolin‐2(1H)‐one Scaffold Using Palladium‐Catalysed Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Pedron Julien , Boudot Clotilde , Bourgeade‐Delmas Sandra , Sournia‐Saquet Alix , Paloque Lucie , Rastegari Maryam , Abdoulaye Mansour , El‐Kashef Hussein , Bonduelle Colin , Pratviel Geneviève , Wyllie Susan , Fairlamb Alan H. , Courtioux Bertrand , Verhaeghe Pierre , Valentin Alexis 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAn antikinetoplastid pharmacomodulation study at position 3 of the recently described hit molecule 3‐bromo‐8‐nitroquinolin‐2(1H)‐one was conducted. Twenty‐four derivatives were synthesised using the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction and evaluated in vitro on both Leishmania infantum axenic amastigotes and Trypanosoma brucei brucei trypomastigotes. Introduction of a para‐carboxyphenyl group at position 3 of the scaffold led to the selective antitrypanosomal hit molecule 3‐(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐8‐nitroquinolin‐2(1H)‐one (21) with a lower reduction potential (−0.56 V) than the initial hit (−0.45 V). Compound 21 displays micromolar antitrypanosomal activity (IC50=1.5 μm) and low cytotoxicity on the human HepG2 cell line (CC50=120 μm), having a higher selectivity index (SI=80) than the reference drug eflornithine. Contrary to results previously obtained in this series, hit compound 21 is inactive toward L. infantum and is not efficiently bioactivated by T. brucei brucei type I nitroreductase, which suggests the existence of an alternative mechanism of action.
Dimethylammonium Incorporation in Lead Acetate Based MAPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Franssen Wouter M. J. , Bruijnaers Bardo J. , Portengen Victor H. L. , Kentgens Arno P. M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOver the last years, several different pathways have been suggested for producing perovskite thin films for solar cell applications. While the merit of these methods with respect to the solar cell efficiency have been shown, the actual composition of the resulting thin films is often not investigated. Here, we show that methylammonium lead iodide films produced using lead acetate as a lead source can have up to 15 % dimethylammonium incorporated into their crystal structure, even though this ion is often consider to be too large for incorporation. The origin of this ion lies in the precursor solution, where it is formed in a reaction that is facilitated by the basic character of the acetate ions. We further show that these dimethylammonium ions are incorporated in a random fashion throughout the crystal structure, owing to the lack of observable ordered domains.
Co‐Prescription of Strong CYP1A2 Inhibitors and the Risk of Tizanidine‐Associated Hypotension: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Chaugai Sandip , Dickson Alyson L. , Shuey Megan M. , Feng QiPing , Barker Katherine A. , Wei Wei‐Qi , Luther James M. , Stein C. Michael , Chung Cecilia P. 
Published: September 2018

Tizanidine, a widely used muscle relaxant that can lower blood pressure, is metabolized by the cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2). We studied 1,626 patients prescribed tizanidine and 5,012 prescribed cyclobenzaprine concurrently with a strong CYP1A2 inhibitor. The primary outcome was severe hypotension, defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≤ 70 mmHg during periods of drug co‐exposure. Severe hypotension occurred more often in the tizanidine group (2.03%; n = 33) than the cyclobenzaprine group (1.28%; n = 64); odds ratio (OR) = 1.60; P = 0.029. This difference remained statistically significant after adjustment for a log‐transformed propensity score that included age, sex, race, Charlson's comorbidity index, and concurrent use of antihypertensive medications (OR = 1.57; P = 0.049). A sensitivity analysis that defined hypotension as SBP < 90 mmHg also yielded higher rates of hypotension among patients prescribed tizanidine. In conclusion, CYP1A2 inhibition increases the risk of hypotensive episodes associated with the use of tizanidine in routine clinical practice.
Executives' excess compensation, legitimacy, and environmental information disclosure in Chinese heavily polluting companies: The moderating role of media pressure
Authors: Li Qiang , Li Tian , Chen Hongtao , Xiang Erwei , Ruan Wenjuan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis study examines whether executives justify their excess compensation through environmental information disclosure using a sample of listed companies in China's heavily polluting industries from 2010 to 2014. We find that executives' excess compensation is positively related to the quality of environmental information disclosure. The above relationship is significant in cases with strong demand for compensation justification (i.e., state‐owned enterprises and firms where an internal compensation gap is salient), indicating that executives manipulate environmental information disclosure about their companies according to their purposes. We also find that media pressure weakens the above relationship. A further test affirms a differential influence of media pressure in settings that involve public or private ownership, development of markets, and low or high product market competition. This study reveals a self‐serving motive of executives for environmental information disclosure. The findings of this study have practical implications for regulators, shareholders, and managers.
Detrimental Effect of Sintering Additives on Conducting Ceramics: Yttrium‐Doped Barium Zirconate
Authors: Han Donglin , Uemura Shigeaki , Hiraiwa Chihiro , Majima Masatoshi , Uda Tetsuya 
Published: September 2018

AbstractY‐doped BaZrO3 (BZY) is currently the most promising proton‐conductive ceramic‐type electrolyte for application in electrochemical devices, including fuel cells and electrolyzer cells. However, owing to its refractory nature, sintering additives, such as NiO, CuO, or ZnO are commonly added to reduce its high sintering temperature from 1600 °C to approximately 1400 °C. Even without deliberately adding a sintering additive, the NiO anode substrate provides another source of the sintering additive; during the co‐sintering process, NiO diffuses from the anode into the BZY electrolyte layer. In this work, a systematic study of the effect of NiO, CuO, and ZnO on the electroconductive properties of BaZr0.8Y0.2O3−δ (BZY20) is conducted. The results revealed that the addition of NiO, CuO, or ZnO into BZY20 not only degraded the electrical conductivity but also resulted in enhancement of the hole conduction. Removal of these sintering additives can be realized by post‐annealing in hydrogen at a mild temperature of 700 °C, but it is kinetically very slow. Therefore, the addition of NiO, CuO, and ZnO is detrimental to the electroconductive properties of BZY20, and significantly restrict its application as an electrolyte. The development of new sintering additives, new anode catalysts, or new methods for preparing BZY electrolyte‐based cells is urgently needed.
Longitudinally monitoring of P‐III‐NP, IGF‐I, and GH‐2000 score increases the probability of detecting two weeks’ administration of low‐dose recombinant growth hormone compared to GH‐2000 decision limit and GH isoform test and micro RNA markers
Authors: Lehtihet Mikael , Bhuiyan Hasanuzzaman , Dalby Abigayle , Ericsson Magnus , Ekström Lena 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTo detect doping with growth hormone (GH), GH isoform and biomarkers tests are available. Both methods use population‐based decision limits. Future testing in anti‐doping is progressing toward individual‐based reference ranges, and it is possible that with such an approach the sensitivity to detect GH doping may increase. In addition to monitoring different proteins, the use of miRNAs as future GH biomarkers has been discussed.Here we have longitudinally studied the serum concentrations of IGF‐I, P‐III‐NP and the different GH isoforms in nine healthy men prior to, during and after two weeks’ administration with low doses (1 and 4 IU/day) of recGH. Moreover, three putative miRNAs were analyzed.The results show that 80% of the participants were identified as atypical findings using the GH isoform test. However, the participants were only positive 1.5–3 hours directly after an injection. Only one of the participants reached a GH‐2000 score indicative of doping when a population‐based decision limit was applied. When IGF‐I and P‐III‐NP were longitudinally monitored, 88% of the participants were identified above an individual upper threshold arbitrarily calculated as three standard deviations above the mean values of four baseline samples. The miRNA levels displayed large intra‐subject variations that did not change in relation to recGH administration.Our results show that the GH isoform test is very sensitive in detecting low doses of recGH but with a short detection window. Moreover, longitudinally monitoring of IGF‐I and P‐III‐NP may be a promising future approach to detect GH doping.
Behavioral differences in an over‐invasion scenario: marbled vs. spiny‐cheek crayfish
Authors: Linzmaier Stefan M. , Goebel Larissa S. , Ruland Florian , Jeschke Jonathan M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNew species often invade ecosystems already dominated by previous invaders. Ornamental freshwater crayfish, particularly parthenogenetic marbled crayfish (Procambarus virginalis), increasingly establish in European water bodies where they interact with resident native and non‐native species. Behavioral traits and behavioral syndromes can influence the outcome of these species interactions. The behavior of non‐native crayfish is often studied in notorious invaders but rarely in new and emerging species, although those provide the best opportunity for management. Activity, aggressiveness, and boldness have repeatedly been associated with invasion success and species displacement. Further, crayfish can adapt their behavior after they have established in the new range. We investigated whether marbled crayfish can displace the widely established spiny‐cheek crayfish (Orconectes limosus). Specifically, we compared their behavioral traits and evaluated whether these traits differ, using marbled crayfish populations from aquaria and the field and spiny‐cheek crayfish from the field. We staged agonistic encounters, measured activity levels, and recorded the response to a simulated threat of both species and both origins (field and aquarium) in laboratory trials. We found that in agonistic encounters, marbled crayfish were on average more aggressive than spiny‐cheek crayfish, even against larger opponents. Aggressiveness and activity were positively correlated, which is indicative for an aggression syndrome. Marbled crayfish from the field were less active than those from aquaria, but there was no difference in aggressiveness. Marbled crayfish often froze in response to a simulated threat, whereas spiny‐cheek crayfish reacted either offensively or defensively. These results from the laboratory illustrate potentially important behavioral mechanisms behind crayfish over‐invasions and show behavioral plasticity in a species where all known individuals are genetically identical. To better understand the invasion process in nature, the species’ reproductive biology and interactions with other members of the community should be considered. We conclude that the recent success of marbled crayfish in establishing new populations could be influenced by their behavioral flexibility and their potential to competitively persist in the presence of established invasive crayfish.
When one foundation species supports another: Tubeworms facilitate an extensive kelp bed in a soft‐sediment habitat
Authors: Bracken Matthew E. S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe role of foundation species—dominant organisms that provide habitat for other organisms—in enhancing the diversity and abundance of associated species is now well known. Less well studied are interactions between multiple, co‐occurring foundation species, which collectively provide habitat for other organisms. Here, I document a unique interaction between tubeworms (Eudistylia vancouveri) and two kelp species (Alaria marginata and Saccharina latissima). Kelps—large brown macroalgae in the order Laminariales—require hard substrates for attachment and are therefore typically restricted to rocky reefs. However, while exploring a remote coastline in southeastern Alaska, USA, I observed an extensive kelp bed, composed of both Alaria and Saccharina, growing in a location where the substrate was a mixture of mud and sand. The leathery tubes of Eudistylia formed dense hummocks that protruded from the sediment and provided a hard substratum for attachment by the kelps. Given the role that kelps, including Alaria and Saccharina, play as important facilitators of fish and invertebrates, this interaction likely represents an example of a facilitation cascade, which occurs when one species facilitates another species that subsequently enhances the diversity or abundance of associated organisms. Furthermore, the high kelp biomass likely contributes detrital inputs to the local ecosystem, potentially enhancing productivity. More generally, this observation highlights the need to understand the habitat requirements of foundation species, including the potential for other species to facilitate them.