bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supracondylar femoral rotation osteotomy affects frontal hip kinetics in children with bilateral cerebral palsy
Authors: Thielen Mirjam , Wolf Sebastian I , Klotz Matthias C M , Geisbüsch Andreas , Putz Cornelia , Krautwurst Britta , Dreher Thomas 
Published: September 2018

AimTo evaluate the influence of supracondylar femoral derotation osteotomy (FDO) on hip abduction muscle force and frontal hip moments in children with bilateral cerebral palsy.MethodFor this retrospective cohort study 79 children (36 females, 43 males; mean age at surgery 11y [SD 3y]; range 4–17y) with bilateral cerebral palsy and preoperatively and 1‐year postoperatively documented frontal hip moments who received supracondylar FDO in 134 limbs were included. The control group consisted of eight children (two females, six males; mean age 11y [SD 4y]; range 5–17y) who received single‐event multi‐level surgery without FDO.ResultsHip joint impulse (p<0.001) and the first peak of frontal hip moments (p=0.003) increased, whereas the second peak decreased (p<0.001) from preoperatively to postoperatively. Hip abductor strength improved (p=0.001) from preoperatively to postoperatively.InterpretationDespite the compensatory mechanism, frontal hip moments are decreased preoperatively. Supracondylar FDO results in increased frontal hip moments. Changes in anteversion directly influence hip kinetics, although no direct change of the proximal bony geometry is performed.What this paper adds

Internal rotation gait cannot fully restore the frontal hip moment.

Supracondylar femoral derotation osteotomy (FDO) influences frontal hip kinetics in children with bilateral cerebral palsy.

Supracondylar FDO changes the curve progression of frontal hip moments.

Supracondylar FDO restores the hip abductor moment arm.

Supracondylar FDO leads to an increase in hip abductor muscle force.
Can two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography be useful for left ventricular assessment in the early stages of hereditary haemochromatosis?
Authors: Rozwadowska Katarzyna , Daniłowicz‐Szymanowicz Ludmiła , Fijałkowski Marcin , Sikorska Katarzyna , Gałąska Rafał , Kozłowski Dariusz , Gruchała Marcin , Raczak Grzegorz 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundHereditary haemochromatosis (HH) is a common inherited disease. Abnormally increased intestinal iron absorption and accelerated recycling of iron by macrophages lead to progressive body iron accumulation and the generation of oxidative stress. In the late stages, iron overload can lead to dysfunction of the left ventricle (LV). It is believed that two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D STE) can evaluate LV dysfunction more accurately than conventional echocardiography. This accurate evaluation seems to be clinically important in the early stages of HH before substantial damage of the LV. Evaluation of this assessment was the purpose of this paper.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled 24 patients with early diagnosed HH and without any history of cardiovascular diseases; 23 healthy age‐ and sex‐matched volunteers constituted the control group. Standard echocardiographic parameters and LV rotation and strain parameters were assessed and compared between the groups.ResultsAll echocardiographic parameters were within normal ranges, and there were no differences between the groups. 2D STE revealed significantly worse basal and apical rotation, twist and torsion values in HH patients. The peak systolic longitudinal strain was decreased in HH patients, even though the LV ejection fraction (LVEF) was normal. There were weak correlations between the iron turnover and 2D STE parameters.Conclusions2D STE seems to be more sensitive than traditional echocardiography for detecting LV abnormalities in HH patients who are diagnosed early. The results of this study may be clinically useful, but their relevance and therapeutic implications remain to be confirmed by further studies.
Three‐Dimensional Echocardiography‐derived strain values acquired by a novel analysis program
Authors: Zhang Xijun , Zhu Haohui , Tian Xinqiao , Zhu Limin , Luo Shuaiwei , Yuan Jianjun 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveThis in vitro study calculated longitudinal strain (LS) from different ultrasound systems (GE Vivid E9 and Philips IE 33) before and after myocardial infarct (MI) using a vendor‐independent analysis software package (TomTec's 4D LV Analysis) to validate the variation of two ultrasound systems.MethodsTen freshly harvested porcine hearts were passively driven by a pulsatile pump apparatus at stroke volumes (SV) 30–70 mL. Full‐volume three‐dimensional echocardiography (3DE) data were acquired before and after MI using two different ultrasound systems. LS was derived from TomTec and validated against sonomicrometry data.ResultsLinear regression analyses showed excellent correlations between TomTec‐calculated LS values and sonomicrometry data for both normal and simulated MI groups (GE: R2 = 0.72/0.68, Philip: R2 = 0.71/0.66). Bland‐Altman analyses demonstrated overestimation of echo‐derived strain values for all groups. Both ultrasound system‐derived strain values demonstrated decreased LS after MI, and the average change in strain after infarct was roughly 30% in GE images and 25% in Philips images.ConclusionsBoth GE and Philips echocardiographic systems can be analyzed with TomTec's program, and these images correlated well with sonomicrometry with acceptable variations.
Mistaken wages: the cost of labour in the early modern English economy, a reply to Robert C. Allen
Authors: Stephenson Judy Z. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis article responds to Robert C. Allen's reply to my new wage evidence for London, 1650–1800. The day rates Allen relies upon are not ‘wages’, and the evidence clearly points to a large difference between existing estimates and actual wages earned. His use of the piece rate in understanding earnings is significant, but cannot support a ‘high wage’ thesis. International comparisons that take new evidence into account do not show English wages to be any higher than elsewhere in Europe.
Tree guards and weed mats in a dry shrubland restoration in New Zealand
Authors: Dollery Rebecca , Bowie Mike H. , Dickinson Nicholas M. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryAssociated with restoration of 150 ha of native plant communities within a highly exposed low rainfall landscape, we evaluated whether the benefits of tree guards and weed mats justified a doubling of planting costs. One‐year‐old nursery‐grown specimens of Kānuka (Kunzea serotina) and Pomaderris (Pomaderris amoena) were planted with and without polythene and rigid plastic tree guards, and weed mats, then monitored for 12 months. Herbivory was reduced with both types of tree guard by 10–35%, but mortality was largely caused by desiccation. Polythene tree guards provided the best protection, buffering extremes of ambient and soil temperature in summer but with no effect on soil temperature in winter. Weed mat addition reduced soil temperature fluctuation further in winter; a moss turf mat was best. Both mulch and moss weed mats reduced soil temperature in summer and raised soil moisture in winter. We showed that tree guards could save at least NZ$ 70 k/ha, but this is likely to vary with plant species traits and site conditions.
Genetic diversity in the camellia weevil, Curculio chinensis Chevrolat (Coleptera: Curculionidae) and inferences for the impact of host plant and human activity
Authors: Zhang Shouke , Shu Jinping , Xue Huaijun , Zhang Wei , Wang Yangdong , Liu Yaning , Wang Haojie 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe camellia weevil, Curculio chinensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a host‐specific parasite of Camellia seeds that causes huge economic losses in China. Despite its economic impact, little is known about the species’ genetic structure and current distribution status, which are important to provide critical insights into establishing a control strategy for this pest. Here, genetic diversity and the phylogenetic structure of C. chinensis were inferred using the sequences of COI and EF1‐α among different geographical populations. Twenty‐two haplotypes for the COI gene and 26 haplotypes for EF1‐α in 215 individuals from 16 sample regions in China were found. A phylogenetic analysis revealed four distinct clades within C. chinensis. The amova analysis showed significant genetic differentiation among all the populations sampled, however, the genetic differentiation among the residual populations was not significant when JX (Jiangxi) and TC (Tengchong) populations were excluded. The M (M = Nm for haploid data, M = 2 Nm for diploid data) value analysis suggested that JX and TC populations were significantly different from other populations. Thus, these results imply that human activity and host plant could have a significant impact on C. chinensis population diversity and the current geographical population pattern.
Evolution and course of early life developmental encephalopathic epilepsies: Focus on Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome
Authors: Berg Anne T. , Levy Susan R. , Testa Francine M. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryObjectivesDevelopmental encephalopathic epilepsies (DEEs) are characterized by refractory seizures, disability, and early death. Opportunities to improve care and outcomes focus on West syndrome/infantile spasms (WS/IS). Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is almost as common but receives little attention. We examined initial presentations of DEEs and their evolution over time to identify risk and indicators of developing LGS.MethodsData are from the Connecticut Study of Epilepsy, a prospective, longitudinal study of 613 children with newly diagnosed epilepsy recruited in 1993‐1997. Central review of medical records permitted classification of epilepsy syndromes at diagnosis and at reclassification 2, 5, and 9 years later. DEEs were compared to other epilepsies for seizure and cognitive outcomes and mortality. Analyses examined the evolution of DEE syndromes after initial presentation, with specific comparisons made between WS/IS and LGS. Statistical analyses were performed with t tests and chi‐square tests.ResultsFifty‐eight children (9.4%) had DEEs, median onset age = 1.1 years (interquartile range ([IQR] 0.3‐1.3) in DEEs and 6.0 years (IQR 3.0‐9.0) in other epilepsies (P < 0.001). DEEs vs other epilepsies had more pharmacoresistance (71% vs 18%), intellectual disability (84% vs 11%), and mortality (21% vs <1%; all P < 0.001). During follow‐up, the form of epilepsy evolved in 33 children. WS/IS was the most common initial diagnosis (N = 23) and in 5 children WS/IS evolved later. LGS was diagnosed initially in 4 children (1 later revised) and in 22 by the end of follow‐up, including 7 evolving from WS/IS and 12 from nonsyndromic generalized, focal, or undetermined epilepsies. Evolution to LGS took a median of 1.9 years. LGS developed in 13% of infants, including 9% of those who did not present initially with WS/IS.SignificanceDEEs account for disproportionate amounts of pharmacoresistance, disability, and early mortality. LGS often has a window between initial presentation and full expression. LGS should become targeted for early detection and prevention.
Climate‐induced vulnerability of fisheries in the Coral Triangle: Skipjack Tuna thermal spawning habitats
Authors: Venegas Roberto , Oliver Thomas , Brainard Russell E. , Santos Mudjekeewis , Geronimo Rollan , Widlansky Matthew 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe investigated projected changes in sea surface temperature (SST) and the associated impacts on spawning habitat for skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) in the Coral Triangle region (CT). A multimodel aggregate of SST CMIP5 models for the CT region, based on a comprehensive skill validation assessment, was used to identify the five best performing of 36 models tested for inclusion in a regional multimodel ensemble. Monthly 1° SST multimodel aggregate projections for the CT region under RCP8.5 show that increases in SST, as high as 2.8°C (mean value), will likely occur by the end of this century. Using these estimates of SST change, we applied three parameterizations of skipjack tuna spawning temperatures to assess the potential for change in spawning habitat within the CT region. The three spawning temperature parameterizations were as follows: (a) a square‐wave function derived from catch data with boundaries at 26 and 30°C; (b) a symmetric Gaussian function derived from the SEAPODYM models; and (c) an asymmetric Gaussian function that modifies the SEAPODYM curve in (b) to include the results of relevant physiological experiments. All three parameterizations show similar geographic patterns, with the amount of favourable spawning habitat decreasing throughout the central, equatorial CT region and increasing at higher latitudes. However, the three parameterizations show marked differences in the modelled magnitude of change, with an asymmetric Gaussian function (ASGF) showing a regionwide average of 66.1% decline in favourable spawning habitat between 2015 and 2099. These projected changes in tuna spawning habitats are likely to have important consequences on local and regional fisheries management in the CT region.
Environmental distances are more important than geographic distances when predicting spatial synchrony of zooplankton populations in a tropical reservoir
Authors: Lopes Vanessa G. , Castelo Branco Christina W. , Kozlowsky‐Suzuki Betina , Sousa‐Filho Izidro F. , e Souza Leonardo Coimbra , Bini Luis Mauricio 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSeveral studies have shown that spatial synchrony, which is defined as the strength of the correlation between time series, is a common pattern that occurs in different regions, types of ecosystems and groups of organisms. In addition to applied research (optimisation of monitoring networks and population persistence), spatial synchrony has important implications for unravelling the processes underlying environmental and biological dynamics.We quantified the levels of synchrony among six sites in a tropical reservoir (Lajes Reservoir, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) over 85 months (from August 2001 to December 2009) for twelve environmental variables, four broad zooplankton groups (testate amoebae, rotifers, cladocerans and copepods) and 23 abundant taxa.We hypothesised that (a) environmental synchrony would be higher than biological synchrony; (b) high synchrony would be found; and (c) biological synchrony matrices would be positively correlated with environmental synchrony and negatively correlated with both environmental and geographic distances. A strong relationship between biological synchrony and environmental matrices, when compared to geographic distance, would be consistent with the hypothesis that similar environmental variability synchronises the dynamics of local populations (Moran effect).In comparison to previous studies, we found high levels of synchrony. Environmental synchrony was often higher than biological synchrony, which was in line with our expectation and previous findings. The high levels of synchrony found in this study suggest that reservoir zonation was not enough to desynchronise the dynamics at the sites for both environmental and biological variables. Spatial synchrony in zooplankton populations declined more consistently with environmental distance than with geographic distance. Additionally, environmental distances were unrelated to geographic distances.Taken together, these results indicate a preponderant role of the Moran effect. Thus, as synchrony increases extinction rates, we speculate that novel ecosystems may be highly susceptible to regional‐wide changes in environmental factors.
Habitat suitability estimated by niche models is largely unrelated to species abundance
Authors: Dallas Tad A. , Hastings Alan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimData on species occurrences are far more common than data on species abundances. However, a central goal of large‐scale ecology is to understand the spatial distribution of abundance. It has been proposed that species distribution models trained on species occurrence records may capture variation in species abundance. Here, we gauge support for relationships between species abundance and predicted climatic suitability from species distribution models, and relate the slope of this relationship to species traits, evolutionary relationships and sampling completeness.LocationUSA.Time period1658–2017.Major taxa studiedMammal and tree species.Methods, ResultsTo explore the generality of abundance–suitability relationships, we trained species distribution models on species occurrence and species abundance data for 246 mammal species and 158 tree species, and related model‐predicted occurrence probabilities to population abundance predictions. Further, we related the resulting abundance–suitability relationship coefficients to species traits, geographic range sizes, evolutionary relationships and the number of occurrence records to investigate a potential trait or sampling basis for abundance–suitability relationship detectability. We found little evidence for consistent abundance–suitability relationships in mammal ( = .045) or tree ( = −.005) species, finding nearly as many negative and positive relationships. These relationships had little explanatory power, and coefficients were unrelated to species traits, range size or evolutionary relationships.Main conclusionsOur findings suggest that species climatic suitability based on occurrence data may not be reflected in species abundances, suggesting a need to investigate nonclimatic sources of species abundance variation.
Effects of play activities program for nursing home residents with dementia on pain and psychological well‐being: Cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tse Mimi M.Y. , Lau Joyce L. , Kwan Rick , Cheung Daphne , Tang Angel S.K. , Ng Shamay S.M. , Lee Paul H. , Yeung Suey S.Y. 
Published: September 2018

AimThe prevalence of chronic pain among nursing home residents with dementia is high. This present study aimed to explore the effectiveness of a play activities program among nursing home residents with dementia.MethodsEach nursing home was randomly assigned to an experimental group or control group. A 1‐h play activities program was offered weekly for 8 weeks to the experimental group, whereas participants in the control group read books and magazines for 15 min weekly for the 8 weeks. Outcome measures were assessed at baseline, post‐intervention (at week 8) and 4 weeks after the intervention.ResultsA total of 53 nursing home residents from four nursing homes were recruited. There were significant treatment effects on pain, depression and happiness level when comparing the experimental group and control group. However, there were no treatment effects on activities of daily living, social engagement, behavioral symptoms and mobility between the two groups.ConclusionThe play activities program was useful in reducing pain and improving the psychological health of nursing home residents with dementia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 1485–1490.
Hemodialysis for treatment of levofloxacin‐induced neurotoxicity
Authors: Idrees Najia , Almeqdadi Mohammad , Balakrishnan Vaidyanathapuram S. , Jaber Bertrand L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLevofloxacin, a third‐generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic, is rarely associated with neurotoxicity. Patients with advanced kidney disease are particularly vulnerable to this adverse effect. We present two elderly patients with kidney failure who developed levofloxacin‐induced neurotoxicity, which was successfully treated with frequent hemodialysis, resulting in the full resolution of their symptoms. Neurotoxicity is a well‐known side effect of fluoroquinolone antibiotics. Postulated mechanisms include inhibition of the gamma‐aminobutyric acid A receptors and activation of the excitatory N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors. Risk factors include older age, kidney disease, pre‐existing neurological disorders, and drug–drug interactions. While management of levofloxacin‐induced neurotoxicity includes discontinuation of the drug and supportive care, hemodialysis is not recommended, despite available pharmacokinetic data in support of its dialyzability. The successful use of hemodialysis for the treatment of levofloxacin‐induced neurotoxicity observed in our two patients with kidney failure should be further considered for rapid resolution of this rare fluoroquinolone‐related adverse effect in patients with impaired kidney function.
Histopathological changes in androgenized ovaries are recovered by melatonin treatment
Authors: de Souza Bianca R. , de Almeida Chuffa Luiz Gustavo , Simão Vinícius Augusto , Camargo Isabel C. C. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryNandrolone decanoate (ND) is a synthetic steroid, which promotes adverse effects on the ovarian tissue, and melatonin (MLT) exhibits a number of beneficial properties in the reproductive system. This study evaluated the general features of the ovarian tissue and the immunoexpression of sex steroid receptors in ND‐treated rats that were submitted to short‐term melatonin treatment. Adult rats received mineral oil (control group) and ND at doses of 7.5 mg/kg for 15 days (ND‐treated group). The treatment with MLT (10mg/kg for 7 days) was given alone, before or in combination with ND. All ND‐treated animals showed persistent dioestrus. In the androgenized groups that received MLT, ovarian morphology and size, and the number/area of corpora lutea were recovered. The number of healthy and atretic follicles was recovered when MLT was administered prior to ND; this was similar to the ovaries of control and MLT groups. There was a decrease in estrogen receptors immunostaining in the follicles of androgenized rats that were treated with MLT, and pretreatment with MLT reduced the expression of androgen receptor in atretic follicles and corpora lutea, when compared with ND‐treated group. We conclude that MLT treatment recovered the histopathological aspects of the androgenized ovaries, and MLT pretreatment was the most effective.
Hyperactivation of the hypothalamo‐pituitary‐adrenocortical axis in streptozotocin‐diabetic gerbils (Gerbillus gerbillus)
Authors: Hammadi Soumia , Chan Owen , Abdellali Mohamed , Medjerab Maha , Agoun Hadjer , Bellahreche Zineb , Khalkhal Ali , Dahmani Yasmina 
Published: September 2018

SummaryThis study was designed to investigate the HPA‐axis impairment in the streptozotocin (STZ)‐diabetic gerbils (Gerbillus gerbillus). Twenty‐six male gerbils (body weight ~27 g) were divided into 3 groups: vehicle control (n = 10), 2 days of diabetes (n = 09) and 30 days of diabetes (n = 07). The latter 2 groups received an intraperitoneal injection of STZ (150 mg/kg of body weight). At 2 and 30 days of diabetes, streptozotocin‐diabetic gerbils underwent a retro‐orbital puncture for assessment of biochemical and hormonal parameters. Subsequently the animals were decapitated and the adrenal glands were removed, weighed and processed for light microscopy and stereology. Nondiabetic control gerbils that had been injected with citrate buffer were examined as a comparison. At 2 days of diabetes, STZ gerbils exhibited symptoms that are characteristic of human diabetes type 1. The adrenal gland showed significant increase in weight, associated with a larger cortex layer, hypertrophy of the fasciculate cells and a significant decrease in the nucleocytoplasmic index. These changes were associated with higher plasma ACTH and cortisol concentrations compared to nondiabetic controls. At 30 days postdiabetes, ACTH levels remained elevated, whereas cortisol levels decreased compared to the early stage of diabetes. Histological analysis revealed the existence of a band of connective tissue (collagen) that separates the cortical and medullary zones and is not present in humans or laboratory rodents, which represents a striking change seen throughout the disease. STZ‐induced diabetes mellitus in Gerbillus gerbillus resulted in hyperactivation of the HPA axis in the early stages of diabetes mellitus which did not persist into the final stages of the disease, suggesting a possible reduction in adrenocortical sensitivity over time.