bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Genedia MTB/NTM Detection Kit and Anyplex plus MTB/NTM Detection Kit for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and nontuberculous mycobacteria in clinical specimens
Authors: Kim Jihoon , Choi Qute , Kim Jong Wan , Kim Seon Young , Kim Hyun Jin , Park Yumi , Kwon Gye Cheol , Koo Sun Hoe 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundReal‐time (RT) PCR is a rapid and accurate method that is widely used for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTB). The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the performance of the Genedia MTB/NTM Detection Kit and the Anyplex plus MTB/NTM Detection kit in the detection of MTB and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in clinical specimens.MethodsFrom October 2017 to February 2018, 236 respiratory specimens and 137 non‐respiratory specimens, from patients with suspected tuberculosis, were examined. AFB smear, culture, and RT‐PCR using the Genedia MTB/NTM Detection kit (Green Cross Medical Science Corp.) and the Anyplex plus MTB/NTM Detection kit (Seegene) were applied. PCR performance in the detection of MTB and NTM was evaluated in relation to culture results and between the two assays.ResultsCulture was positive for MTB in 30 (8.0%) of the 373 specimens and for NTM in 23 (6.2%). The sensitivity and specificity of MTB detection with the Genedia kit were 76.7% and 99.7%, respectively, whereas the Anyplex kit sensitivity and specificity for MTB detection were 86.7% and 97.5%, respectively. Both kits exhibited the same sensitivity (73.9%) for NTM detection, and the specificity was 100% and 99.4% for the Genedia and Anyplex kits, respectively.ConclusionsThe Genedia and Anyplex kits demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of MTB and NTM. Both kits have a high concordance rate and can be used more widely in clinical laboratories for the early detection of tuberculosis.
Sarcopenia: A Time for Action. An SCWD Position Paper
Authors: Bauer Juergen , Morley John E. , Schols Annemie M.W.J. , Ferrucci Luigi , Cruz‐Jentoft Alfonso J. , Dent Elsa , Baracos Vickie E. , Crawford Jeffrey A. , Doehner Wolfram , Heymsfield Steven B. , Jatoi Aminah , Kalantar‐Zadeh Kamyar , Lainscak Mitja , Landi Francesco , Laviano Alessandro , Mancuso Michelangelo , Muscaritoli Maurizio , Prado Carla M. , Strasser Florian , von Haehling Stephan , Coats Andrew J.S. , Anker Stefan D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe term sarcopenia was introduced in 1988. The original definition was a “muscle loss” of the appendicular muscle mass in the older people as measured by dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA). In 2010, the definition was altered to be low muscle mass together with low muscle function and this was agreed upon as reported in a number of consensus papers. The Society of Sarcopenia, Cachexia and Wasting Disorders supports the recommendations of more recent consensus conferences, i.e. that rapid screening, such as with the SARC‐F questionnaire, should be utilized with a formal diagnosis being made by measuring grip strength or chair stand together with DXA estimation of appendicular muscle mass (indexed for height2). Assessments of the utility of ultrasound and creatine dilution techniques are ongoing. Use of ultrasound may not be easily reproducible. Primary sarcopenia is aging associated (mediated) loss of muscle mass. Secondary sarcopenia (or disease‐related sarcopenia) has predominantly focused on loss of muscle mass without the emphasis on muscle function. Diseases that can cause muscle wasting (i.e. secondary sarcopenia) include malignant cancer, COPD, heart failure, and renal failure and others. Management of sarcopenia should consist of resistance exercise in combination with a protein intake of 1 to 1.5 g/kg/day. There is insufficient evidence that vitamin D and anabolic steroids are beneficial. These recommendations apply to both primary (age‐related) sarcopenia and secondary (disease related) sarcopenia. Secondary sarcopenia also needs appropriate treatment of the underlying disease. It is important that primary care health professionals become aware of and make the diagnosis of age‐related and disease‐related sarcopenia. It is important to address the risk factors for sarcopenia, particularly low physical activity and sedentary behavior in the general population, using a life‐long approach. There is a need for more clinical research into the appropriate measurement for muscle mass and the management of sarcopenia. Accordingly, this position statement provides recommendations on the management of sarcopenia and how to progress the knowledge and recognition of sarcopenia.
Metagenomic insights into the microbial community and biogas production pattern during anaerobic digestion of cow dung and mixed food waste
Authors: Mukhuba Mashudu , Roopnarain Ashira , Moeletsi Mokhele Edmond , Adeleke Rasheed 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe uncontrolled overproduction of fruit and vegetable waste causes serious environmental challenges such as emission of greenhouse gases. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is becoming a widely adopted technology for treatment of food waste with the concomitant production of biogas. This study investigated the link between microbial community structure and biogas production when using cow dung and mixed fruit and vegetable waste (MFVW) as substrates.RESULTSSemi‐continuous stir tank reactors were used for AD of cow dung and MFVW over a period of 40 days. The highest accumulative methane yield (112.9 L) was obtained from co‐ digestion, intermediate yield (59.5 L) was obtained from cow dung and lowest yield (6.1 L) from MFVW at the end of the digestion experiment. Polymerase chain reaction‐denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR‐DGGE) revealed higher bacterial and archaeal diversity indices in co‐digestion in comparison to mono‐digestion of cow dung and MFVW. High‐throughput sequence analyses showed that operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonging to the phyla Bacteroidetes, followed by Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were dominant in all treatments.CONCLUSIONThe results of the study demonstrated that the enhanced methane production in co‐digestion could be attributed to the neutral pH and partial shift of archaea from Methanosaeta to Methanosarcina rich communities. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Dependence of the anticancer activity of 1,3‐oxazole derivatives on the donor/acceptor nature of his substitues
Authors: Kachaeva Maryna V. , Hodyna Diana M. , Obernikhina Nataliya V. , Pilyo Stepan G. , Kovalenko Yulia S. , Prokopenko Volodymyr M. , Kachkovsky Oleksiy D. , Brovarets Volodymyr S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA series of new 1,3‐oxazole derivatives, containing in position 5 both donor and acceptor substituents were synthesized. These substances were considered as potentially active anticancer pharmacophores in the human tumor cell line panel derived from nine cancer types, including lung, colon, melanoma, renal, ovarian, brain, leukemia, breast, and prostate. Primary in vitro one‐dose anticancer screening was shown that compounds with acceptor substituents (such as –C(O)OMe, –CN) in the position 5 inhibit the growth of most cell lines, and compounds with donor substituents (such as –NHR, −SR) in the position 5 do not practically inhibit the growth of cancer cell lines. It can be assumed that the pharmacological activity of 1,3‐oxazole derivatives depends on donor/acceptor nature of the substituents in position 5. It was proposed to evaluate the donor/acceptor ability of 1,3‐oxazole derivatives using the special parameter φ0, which takes into account the relative position of the boundary levels (HOMO end LUMO). The quantum‐chemical modeling was performed; the special parameter φ0 for 1,3‐oxazole derivatives correlates with the experimental results. Quantum‐chemical calculations of the special parameter φ0 allow modeling the pharmacological activity of 1,3‐oxazole derivatives by introducing donor or acceptor substituents at position 2 or 5. This work may be useful for chemists to develop a target synthesis of potential biologically active compounds.
Deep eutectic solvent an efficient reaction medium for the synthesis of chromeno pyrazolo and indazolo phthalazine derivatives
Authors: Patil Audumbar , Lohar Trushant , Mane Ananda , Kamat Siddharth , Salunkhe Rajashri 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe volatile, harmful and hazardous solvents have impact on human health, all organisms and environment. To reduce the use of hazardous volatile solvents, there is need to develop the alternative green reaction medium for organic transformations and is the main goal of green chemistry. The green solvent should be nonvolatile, nontoxic, biodegradable and biorenewable. Considering these parameters, herein, we have reported an efficient and environmentally benign green synthesis of chromeno pyrazolo and indazolo phthalazine derivatives in deep eutectic solvent. The present protocol contains excellent yield of the product, short reaction time, operation simplicity, reusability of solvent and no need of further purification.
Frontline Science: Low regulatory T cells predict perioperative major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events after noncardiac surgery
Authors: Scholz Anna S. , Handke Jessica , Gillmann Hans-Jörg , Zhang Qinya , Dehne Sarah , Janssen Henrike , Arens Christoph , Espeter Florian , Sander Anja , Giannitsis Evangelos , Uhle Florian , Weigand Markus A. , Motsch Johann , Larmann Jan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Immune cells drive atherosclerotic lesion progression and plaque destabilization. Coronary heart disease patients undergoing noncardiac surgery are at risk for perioperative major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE). It is unclear whether differential leukocyte subpopulations contribute to perioperative MACCE and thereby could aid identification of patients prone to perioperative cardiovascular events. First, we performed a hypothesis-generating post hoc analysis of the LeukoCAPE-1 study (n = 38). We analyzed preoperative counts of 6 leukocyte subpopulations in coronary heart disease patients for association with MACCE (composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia, myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery, thromboembolic stroke) within 30 d after surgery. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) were the only leukocyte subgroup associated with MACCE. We found reduced Tregs in patients experiencing MACCE versus no-MACCE (0.02 [0.01; 0.03] vs. 0.04 [0.03; 0.05] Tregs nl−1, P = 0.002). Using Youden index, we derived the optimal threshold value for association with MACCE to be 0.027 Tregs nl−1. Subsequently, we recruited 233 coronary heart disease patients for the prospective, observational LeukoCAPE-2 study and independently validated this Treg cutoff for prediction of MACCE within 30 d after noncardiac surgery. After multivariate logistic regression, Tregs &lt; 0.027 cells nl−1 remained an independent predictor for MACCE (OR = 2.54 [1.22; 5.23], P = 0.012). Tregs improved risk discrimination of the revised cardiac risk index based on ΔAUC (area under the curve; ΔAUC = 0.09, P = 0.02), NRI (0.26), and IDI (0.06). Preoperative Treg levels below 0.027 cells nl−1 predicted perioperative MACCE and can be measured to increase accuracy of established preoperative cardiac risk stratification in coronary heart disease patients undergoing noncardiac surgery.
CTP synthetase activity assay by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in the multiple reaction monitoring mode
Authors: Boschat Anne‐Claire , Minet Norbert , Martin Emmanuel , Barouki Robert , Latour Sylvain , Sanquer Sylvia 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCytidine 5′‐triphosphate synthetase (CTPS) is known to be a central enzyme in the de novo synthesis of CTP. We have recently demonstrated that a deficiency in CTPS1 is associated with an impaired capacity of activated lymphocytes to proliferate leading to a combined immunodeficiency disease. In order to better document its role in immunomodulation, we developed a method for measuring CTPS activity in human lymphocytes. Using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry, we quantified CTPS activity by measuring CTP in cell lysates. A stable isotope analog of CTP served as internal standard. We characterized the kinetic parameters Vmax and Km of CTPS and verified that an inhibition of the enzyme activity was induced after 3‐deazauridine (3DAU) treatment, a known inhibitor of CTPS. We then determined CTPS activity in healthy volunteers, in a family whose child displayed a homozygous mutation in CTPS1 gene and in patients who had developed or not a chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) after lung transplantation. Linearity of the CTP determination was observed up to 451 μmol/L, with accuracy in the 15% tolerance range. Michaelis‐Menten kinetics for lysates of resting cells were Km=280±310 μmol/L for UTP, Vmax=83±20 pmol/min and, for lysates of activated PBMCs, Km=230±280 μmol/L for UTP, Vmax=379±90 pmol/min. Treatment by 3DAU and homozygous mutation in CTPS1 gene abolished the induction of CTPS activity associated with cell stimulation, and CTPS activity was significantly reduced in the patients who developed CLAD. We conclude that this test is suitable to reveal the involvement of CTPS alteration in immunodeficiency.
Should we be “challenging” employees?: A critical review and meta‐analysis of the challenge‐hindrance model of stress
Authors: Mazzola Joseph J. , Disselhorst Ryan 
Published: September 2019

SummaryThe challenge‐hindrance model of stress proposes that stressors can be divided into two distinct groups: those that challenge employees and those that hinder employees. This critical review seeks to explain the history of the model and its basic tenets, while succinctly summarizing the findings of existing studies based on the model. A thorough search of the stress literature uncovered 32 studies that specifically examined the relationship between challenge and hindrance stressors and important personal/organizational variables. Results were reviewed and analyzed, specifically by describing past meta‐analyses on the model, looking at the overall pattern of results from primary studies, and meta‐analyzing the relationships presented in those papers. This synthesis suggests that although there are some differential relationships of challenge and hindrance stressors with organizational variables (e.g., performance and engagement), the relationships to other key variables, such as counterproductive work behaviors, psychological strains, and physical health, are consistently negative for both challenge and hindrance stressors. Thus, we propose that stress research move away from the current challenge‐hindrance model in favor of other established models and/or a more appraisal‐based approach.
Nitrogen assimilation in picocyanobacteria inhabiting the oxygen‐deficient waters of the eastern tropical North and South Pacific
Authors: Aldunate Montserrat , Henríquez‐Castillo Carlos , Ji Qixing , Lueders‐Dumont Jessica , Mulholland Margaret R. , Ward Bess B. , von Dassow Peter , Ulloa Osvaldo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractProchlorococcus and Synechococcus are the most abundant free‐living photosynthetic microorganisms in the ocean. Uncultivated lineages of these picocyanobacteria also thrive in the dimly illuminated upper part of oxygen‐deficient zones (ODZs), where an important portion of ocean nitrogen (N) loss takes place via denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation. Recent metagenomic studies revealed that ODZ Prochlorococcus have the genetic potential for using different N forms, including nitrate and nitrite, uncommon N sources for Prochlorococcus, but common for Synechococcus. To determine which N sources ODZ picocyanobacteria are actually using in nature, the cellular 15N natural abundance (δ15N) and assimilation rates of different N compounds were determined using cell sorting by flow cytometry and mass spectrometry. The natural δ15N of the ODZ Prochlorococcus varied from −4.0‰ to 13.0‰ (n = 9), with 50% of the values in the range of −2.1–2.6‰. While the highest values suggest nitrate use, most observations indicate the use of nitrite, ammonium, or a mixture of N sources. Meanwhile, incubation experiments revealed potential assimilation rates of ammonium and urea in the same order of magnitude as that expected for total N in several environments including ODZs, whereas rates of nitrite and nitrate assimilation were very low. Our results thus indicate that reduced forms of N and nitrite are the dominant sources for ODZ picocyanobacteria, although nitrate might be important on some occasions. ODZ picocyanobacteria might thus represent potential competitors with anammox bacteria for ammonium and nitrite, with ammonia‐oxidizing archaea for ammonium, and with nitrite‐oxidizing bacteria for nitrite.
Toward assessment of resection margins using hyperspectral diffuse reflection imaging (400–1,700 nm) during tongue cancer surgery
Authors: Brouwer de Koning Susan G. , Weijtmans Pim , Karakullukcu M. Baris , Shan Caifeng , Baltussen Elisabeth J. M. , Smit Laura A. , van Veen Robert L. P. , Hendriks Benno H. W. , Sterenborg Henricus J. C. M. , Ruers Theo J. M. 
Published: September 2019

Background and ObjectivesThere is a clinical need to assess the resection margins of tongue cancer specimens, intraoperatively. In the currentex vivostudy, we evaluated the feasibility of hyperspectral diffuse reflectance imaging (HSI) for distinguishing tumor from the healthy tongue tissue.Study Design/Materials and MethodsFresh surgical specimens (n = 14) of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue were scanned with two hyperspectral cameras that cover the visible and near‐infrared spectrum (400–1,700 nm). Each pixel of the hyperspectral image represents a measure of the diffuse optical reflectance. A neural network was used for tissue‐type prediction of the hyperspectral images of the visual and near‐infrared data sets separately as well as both data sets combined.ResultsHSI was able to distinguish tumor from muscle with a good accuracy. The diagnostic performance of both wavelength ranges (sensitivity/specificity of visual and near‐infrared were 84%/80% and 77%/77%, respectively) appears to be comparable and there is no additional benefit of combining the two wavelength ranges (sensitivity and specificity were 83%/76%).ConclusionsHSI has a strong potential for intra‐operative assessment of tumor resection margins of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. This may optimize surgery, as the entire resection surface can be scanned in a single run and the results can be readily available. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fast and Efficient Electric‐Triggered Self‐Healing Shape Memory of CNTs@rGO Enhanced PCLPLA Copolymer
Authors: Ren Du , Chen Yujie , Yang Senlin , Li Hua , Rehman Hafeez Ur , Liu Hezhou 
Published: September 2019

AbstractShape memory and self‐healing stimuli‐responsive polymeric materials have aroused extensive research interests due to their special functionality. In this work, a kind of novel and fast electric‐triggered self‐healing shape memory polymeric composite, based on polycaprolactone‐polylactic acid (PCLPLA) copolymer and reduced graphene oxide with embedded carbon nanotubes (CNTs@rGO), are prepared via a facile method. Interestingly, the CNTs@rGO‐PCLPLA composites show improved mechanical properties, excellent electrical conductivity, and could recover their original shape within 60 s by applying 1.42 V mm−1 electric field. Meanwhile, the proposed networks can be self‐heal rapidly and efficiently under electrothermal effect. These offer for the new material promising practical applications in aerospace, artificial skins, and electronic sensors.
The Contribution of Lipids to the Interindividual Response of Vitamin K Biomarkers to Vitamin K Supplementation
Authors: Kelly Jennifer M. , Ordovas Jose M. , Matuszek Gregory , Smith Caren E. , Huggins Gordon S. , Dashti Hassan S. , Ichikawa Reiko , Booth Sarah L. 
Published: September 2019

ScopeA better understanding of factors contributing to interindividual variability in biomarkers of vitamin K can enhance the understanding of the equivocal role of vitamin K in cardiovascular disease. Based on the known biology of phylloquinone, the major form of vitamin K, it is hypothesized that plasma lipids contribute to the variable response of biomarkers of vitamin K metabolism to phylloquinone supplementation.Methods and resultsThe association of plasma lipids and 27 lipid‐related genetic variants with the response of biomarkers of vitamin K metabolism is examined in a secondary analysis of data from a 3‐year phylloquinone supplementation trial in men (n = 66) and women (n = 85). Year 3 plasma triglycerides (TG), but not total cholesterol, LDL‐cholesterol, or HDL‐cholesterol, are associated with the plasma phylloquinone response (men: β = 1.01,p < 0.001,R2 = 0.34; women: β = 0.61,p = 0.008,R2 = 0.11; sex interactionp = 0.077). Four variants and the TG‐weighted genetic risk score are associated with the plasma phylloquinone response in men only. Plasma lipids are not associated with changes in biomarkers of vitamin K function (undercarboxylated osteocalcin and matrix gla protein) in either sex.ConclusionPlasma TG are an important determinant of the interindividual response of plasma phylloquinone to phylloquinone supplementation, but changes in biomarkers of vitamin K carboxylation are not influenced by lipids.
Perspective: shedding light on spotted lanternfly impacts in the USA
Authors: Urban Julie M 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSpotted lanternfly (SLF),Lycorma delicatula(Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) is an invasive phloem‐feeding planthopper currently being quarantined in a 24 000 km2area in eastern Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Maryland, and Delaware, with a second population under quarantine in a 46 km2area in Virginia. Because this insect feeds on over 70 species of plants, it has the potential to impact a wide range of sectors, and as a result, there has been great public speculation that the economic impact of SLF could be severe. SLF is a large‐bodied voracious feeder that reduces plant resources directly by feeding, and indirectly, from sooty mold that grows on its excrement and blocks photosynthesis. SLF is causing severe damage to vineyards from feeding, and is a significant nuisance pest. It has high potential for spread via human‐mediated transport, particularly of egg cases, and may therefore significantly impact commerce in the near future. The ultimate impacts of this insect are not yet known, and will depend upon its longer term impacts on plant and tree health, and the extent to which its range expands. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Healthy Minds and Intellectual Disability
Authors: Walmsley Jan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis chapter looks at some of the impulses that drove the movement to privilege and protect ‘healthy minds’, by segregating people with intellectual disabilities to prevent their ‘breeding’. It argues that the desire to prevent childbearing and child-rearing remains today, although the means of prevention are less obvious. Efforts to change this state of affairs, such as normalisation/social role valorisation, rely, not on challenging the fundamental undervaluing of people with intellectual disabilities, but on persuading people to ‘pass’ as normal, and persuading others to support such passing by offering and talking up ‘valued social roles’.
The National Schizophrenia Fellowship: Charity, Caregiving and Strategies of Coping, 1960–1980
Authors: Brumby Alice 
Published: September 2019

AbstractUsing the National Schizophrenia Fellowship as a case study, this chapter will show that this organisation was substantially more than a charity for those who were suffering from schizophrenia. This chapter will look at the beginnings of the movement for a care regime and support network in the UK from the perspective of one of the very founding members of the organisation. Using oral history, this chapter will show how the National Schizophrenia Fellowship helped to support relatives struggling with stigma and acted as a barrier to this stigma, thus providing strategies of coping for the ‘healthy’ non-schizophrenic caregiver.