bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing shaded-leaf effects on photochemical reflectance index (PRI) for water stress detection in winter wheat
Authors: Yang Xin , Liu Shishi , Liu Yinuo , Ren Xifeng , Su Hang 
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The photochemical reflectance index (PRI) has emerged to
be a pre-visual indicator of water stress. However, whether the varying
shaded-leaf fractions, which may be caused by multiple view angles or the
changing crop density in the field, affect the performance of PRI in
detecting water stress of crops is still uncertain. This study evaluated the
impact of the varying shaded-leaf fractions on estimating relative water
content (RWC) across growth stages of winter wheat using seven formulations
of PRI. Results demonstrated that for the control treatment the mean PRI of
sunlit leaves was slightly higher than those of shaded leaves, but the
difference between PRI of sunlit and shaded leaves increased as water
resources became more limiting. Despite the difference between PRI of sunlit
and shaded leaves, the significance of the linear relationship between RWC
and most studied formulations of PRI did not show obvious variations with
shadow fractions, except for the 100 % shaded-leaf condition. Among the
studied formulations of PRI, PRI3 based on reflectance at 512 nm as the
reference band provided the most accurate estimates of RWC with varying
shaded-leaf fractions, except for the 100 % shaded-leaf condition. The
slope and the intercept of linear regression models with PRI3 also showed
minimized variations with shaded-leaf fractions. We then applied a uniform
RWC prediction model to the data of varying shaded-leaf fractions and found
that the accuracy of RWC predictions was not significantly affected in the
mixture of sunlit and shaded leaves. However, RWC estimated with PRI of the
100 % shaded-leaf condition had the highest root mean square error (RMSE), implying that PRI of the
pure shaded leaves may yield inaccurate estimates of plant water status.
Manifestations of Hungarian Identity in Literature
Authors: Kenyeres János 
Published: August 2019

Concentrating on some important literary and theoretical works, this article examines how Hungarian identity has been given different meanings and various forms of expression over the past few centuries. Hungarian identity is an ever-changing concept and the question of belonging and what is Hungarian has been subject to numerous interpretations. Linked to periods of victory and prosperity, and their opposite, defeat, humiliation and poverty, as well as revolt, revolution, defiance, resignation and even silence, the alternating forms of national identity can all be found in literature. The fact that Hungarians have more than one text (the “Hymn,” the “Appeal” and, recently, the “Székely Hymn”) that assumes the status or quasi-status of a national anthem itself indicates the multiplicity of Hungarian identity. These texts have become part and parcel of national identity due to the frequency with which individuals encounter them from their early childhood on. This is coupled with a strong Hungarian literary canon, which also plays an essential role in identity building. In the absence of a solid literary canon, literary works are less significant in the identity structure of many other nations; in larger countries a diversity of texts are taught at school due to substantial regional differences. In contrast, the Hungarian school system has traditionally placed and still places emphasis on a stable and only slowly changing literary canon which, in turn, leads to a body of literature known to most members of society.
Responsabilidad, violencia percibida y prosocialidad en adolescentes que precisan atención compensatoria
Authors: Lamoneda-Prieto J. 
Published: August 2019

El presente estudio analiza en un centro público adscrito a un Programa de Compensación Educativa cómo influyen el género, el curso y las necesidades educativas de apoyo educativo (NEAE) en la responsabilidad en educación física, violencia escolar y prosocialidad. Participaron 120 estudiantes con una edad media de 14.40 años (DT = 1.67), de los cuales 62 estaban diagnosticados con alguna NEAE (51.7%) y 58 no requería atención especial (48.3%). Los resultados indican tan solo diferencias entre alumnos que precisan diferente atención educativa en la responsabilidad personal en educación física. El género y el curso mostraron ser variables influyentes en la responsabilidad social en EF y prosocialidad. No se hallaron diferencias en la violencia escolar percibida para las variables analizadas. A partir de los datos recabados se aportan consideraciones prácticas para la intervención educativa con estudiantes en riesgo de exclusión social.
This work analyses, in a public educational centre associated to a Compensatory Education Programme how gender, the academic year and educational needs of educational support (SNES) influence responsibility in physical education, school violence and prosociality. 120 students took part in the project, age of 14.40 years (SD = 1.67), 62 out of them had been diagnosed with some SNES (51.7%) and 58 did not require any special support (48.3%). Results showed only differences among students who needed different educational attention in personal responsibility in physical education. Both gender and the academic year showed influential variables in social responsibility in physical education and prosociality. No differences were found in perceived school violence for the analised variables. Based on the data collected, practical considerations are provided for educational intervention with students at risk of social exclusion.
La conception éditoriale du lecteur en France des années 1950 à la fin des années 1970
Authors: Ouvry-Vial Brigitte 
Published: August 2019

Cet article examine les prémices de la notion de lecteur et d’acte de lecture dans un contexte littéraire et intellectuel qui annonce la mort de l’auteur et où l’arrivée des médias audiovisuels fait concurrence au livre. La réflexion s’appuie en particulier sur les « discours d’escorte » de Jean Cayrol, Jean Paulhan et Gaëtan Picon, trois éditeurs contemporains les uns des autres qui ont en commun leur souci de commenter par écrit leur activité éditoriale, les modèles esthétiques et les conceptions de la médiation de la littérature en train de se faire. Ces notes et écrits d’éditeurs-essayistes ou éditeurs-critiques constituent une sorte de journal de bord professionnel, un « discours d’escorte » ayant pour fonction d’établir une relation de proximité non pas tant avec le public, mais d’abord avec leurs pairs. Ils permettent une approche des protocoles de lecture que les lecteurs professionnels mettent en oeuvre et qu’ils suggèrent plus ou moins implicitement aux lecteurs ordinaires de suivre. Ils éclairent ainsi en filigrane le développement des théories de la réception et la prise en compte éditoriale du rôle du lecteur, une figure encore anonyme mais de plus en plus au centre du dispositif de production-réception de la littérature.
Association of genetic polymorphisms in SOD2, SOD3, GPX3, and GSTT1 with hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL-C level in subjects with high risk of coronary artery disease
Authors: Decharatchakul Nisa , Settasatian Chatri , Settasatian Nongnuch , Komanasin Nantarat , Kukongviriyapan Upa , Intharaphet Phongsak , Senthong Vichai 
Published: August 2019

Background
Oxidative stress modulates insulin resistant-related atherogenic dyslipidemia: hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level. Gene polymorphisms in superoxide dismutase (SOD2 and SOD3), glutathione peroxidase-3 (GPX3), and glutathione S-transferase theta-1 (GSTT1) may enable oxidative stress-related lipid abnormalities and severity of coronary atherosclerosis. The present study investigated the associations of antioxidant-related gene polymorphisms with atherogenic dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic severity in subjects with high risk of coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods
Study population comprises of 396 subjects with high risk of CAD. Gene polymorphisms: SOD2 rs4880, SOD3 rs2536512 and rs2855262, GPX rs3828599, and GSTT1 (deletion) were evaluated the associations with HTG, low HDL-C, high TG/HDL-C ratio, and severity of coronary atherosclerosis.

Results
SOD2 rs4880-CC, SOD3 rs2536512-AA, rs2855262-CC, and GPX3 rs3828599-AA, but not GSTT1-/- individually increased risk of HTG combined with low HDL-C level. With a combination of five risk-genotypes as a genetic risk score (GRS), GRS ≥ 6 increased risks of low HDL-C, high TG/HDL-C ratio, and HTG combined with low HDL-C, comparing with GRS 0–2 [respective adjusted ORs (95% CI) = 2.70 (1.24–5.85), 3.11 (1.55–6.23), and 5.73 (2.22–14.77)]. Gene polymorphisms, though, were not directly associated with severity of coronary atherosclerosis; high TG/HDL-C ratio was associated with coronary atherosclerotic severity [OR = 2.26 (95% CI [1.17–4.34])].

Conclusion
Combined polymorphisms in antioxidant-related genes increased the risk of dyslipidemia related to atherosclerotic severity, suggesting the combined antioxidant-related gene polymorphisms as predictor of atherogenic dyslipidemia.
Identification of a novel four-lncRNA signature as a prognostic indicator in cirrhotic hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ma Linkun , Deng Cunliang 
Published: August 2019

Background
Many studies have shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) are closely associated with the occurrence and development of various tumors and have the potential to be prognostic markers. Moreover, cirrhosis is an important prognostic risk factors in patients with liver cancer. Some studies have reported that lncRNA-related prognostic models have been used to predict overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, no one has constructed a prognostic lncRNA model only in patients with cirrhotic HCC. Thus, it is necessary to screen novel potential lncRNA markers for improve the prognosis of cirrhotic HCC patients.

Methods
The probe expression profile dataset (GSE14520–GPL3921) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), which included 204 cirrhotic HCC samples, was reannotated and the lncRNA and mRNA expression dataset was obtained. The patients were randomly assigned to either the training set (n = 103) and testing set (n = 100). Univariate cox regression and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) model were applied to screen lncRNAs linked to the OS of cirrhotic HCC in the training set. The lncRNAs having significant correlation with OS were then selected and the multivariate Cox regression model was implemented to construct the prognostic score model. Whether or not this model was related to RFS in the training set was simultaneously determined. The testing set was used to validate the lncRNA risk score model. A risk score based on the lncRNA signature was used for stratified analysis of different clinical features to test their prognostic performance. The prognostic lncRNA-related protein genes were identified by the co-expression matrix of lncRNA-mRNA, and the function of these lncRNAs was predicted through the enrichment of these co-expression genes.

Results
The signature consisted of four lncRNAs:AC093797.1,POLR2J4,AL121748.1 and AL162231.4. The risk model was closely correlated with the OS of cirrhotic HCC in the training cohort, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 3.650 (95% CI [1.761–7.566]) and log-rank P value of 0.0002. Moreover, this model also showed favorable prognostic significance for RFS in the training set (HR: 2.392, 95% CI [1.374–4.164], log-rank P = 0.0015). The predictive performance of the four-lncRNA model for OS and RFS was verified in the testing set. Furthermore, the results of stratified analysis revealed that the four-lncRNA model was an independent factor in the prediction of OS and RFS of patients with clinical characteristics such as TNM (Tumor, Node, Metastasis system) stages I–II, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stages 0–A, and solitary tumors in both the training set and testing set. The results of functional prediction showed that four lncRNAs may be potentially involve in multiple metabolic processes, such as amino acid, lipid, and glucose metabolism in cirrhotic HCC.
Universal linguistic hierarchies are not innately wired. Evidence from multiple adjectives
Authors: Leivada Evelina , Westergaard Marit 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundLinguists and psychologists have explained the remarkable similarities in the orderings of linguistic elements across languages by suggesting that our inborn ability for language makes available certain innately wired primitives. Different types of adjectives, adverbs, and other elements in the functional spine are considered to occupy fixed positions via innate hierarchies that determine orderings such as A>B>C, banning other permutations (*B>C>A). The goal of this research is to tap into the nature and rigidity of such hierarchies by comparing what happens when people process orderings that either comply with them or violate them.MethodN = 170 neurotypical, adult speakers completed a timed forced choice task that featured stimuli showing a combination of two adjectives and a Spelke-object (e.g., ‘I bought a square black table’). Two types of responses were collected: (i) acceptability judgments on a 3-point Likert scale that featured the options ‘correct’, ‘neither correct nor wrong’, and ‘wrong’ and (ii) reaction times. The task featured three conditions: 1. size adjective > nationality adjective, 2. color adjective > shape adjective, 3. subjective comment adjective > material adjective. Each condition had two orders. In the congruent order, the adjective pair was ordered in agreement with what is traditionally accepted as dictated by the universal hierarchy. In the incongruent order, the ordering was reversed, thus the hierarchy was violated.ResultsIn the first experiment, the results ofn = 140 monolinguals showed that across conditions, both congruent and incongruent orders were generally accepted as correct. For 2/3 conditions, the difference in acceptability ratings between congruent and incongruent orders did not reach statistical significance. Using time as a window to processing, reaction times showed that incongruent orders do not take longer to process than congruent ones, as should be the case if the former were treated as being licensed under some type of special condition (e.g., contrastive focus) that reverses the unmarked order and legitimizes the violation of the hierarchy. In the second experiment, the results ofn = 30 bidialectals, tested in both language varieties, corroborated the findings of the first experiment.ConclusionsOur findings do not provide evidence for an innate hierarchy for adjective ordering that imposes one rigid, unmarked order. We discuss the importance of notions such as subjectivity and inherentness, and show that for some conditions, not only is there no evidence for a hard constraint that bans incongruent orders, but even simple preferences of congruent orders over incongruent ones are hard to discern. Capturing the bigger picture, given that both the hierarchies and their legit permutations have been described as innate, our results reduce the amount of primitives that are cast as innate, eventually offering a deflationist approach to human linguistic cognition.
Platelet Alteration in Plasmodium vivax Malaria Patients in Thailand
Authors: Hayat Mohammand Sami , Wilairatana Polrat , Tangpukdee Noppadon , Krudsood Srivicha , Wilairat Nalinrat , Wilairat Pichayapat , Thebpatipat Pimjira 
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Malaria remains a global health problem. Malaria is often linked to thrombocytopenia as well as other hematological variations.
Objective: The aim of this study is to find the platelet changes in Plasmodium vivax malaria patients. This retrospective cross-sectional study included 204 malaria patients admitted to the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Bangkok, Thailand.
Results: Thrombocytopenia (<150x103/µl) was seen in 170(83.3%) patients with a mean (SD) of 101x103/µl (56.5). Mild (150x103/µl-50x103/µl), moderate (50x103/µl-20x103/µl) and severe (<20x103/µl) thrombocytopenia were seen in 141 (69.1%), 25 (12.2%) and 4 (2%) patients respectively. None of these patients with thrombocytopenia showed any sign of bleeding or required platelet transfusion.
Conclusion: This study showed thrombocytopenia as a classic feature of vivax malaria presenting more than 80% of cases. In patients with profoundly low thrombocyte counts there was no manifestation of bleeding nor was any platelet transfusion required.
A Comparative Assessment of the Microbial Load of Beef and Chicken Meat Collected at Different Hours of the Day in Ekpoma Town Market
Authors: Okoh P. I. , Okoruwa M. I. , Okosun S. E. 
Published: August 2019

A study on comparative assessment of the microbial load of beef and chicken meat collected at different hours of the day in Ekpoma town market was carried out. Samples were purchased at 8am, 1pm and 5pm and taken to the laboratory for microbial load counts. The design of the experiment was a completely randomized design (CRD). Result from the study revealed that microbial load of beef for Diluent 1 (Dil.-1) was less at 8am, having 30.0 log10 CFU/g as compared with 43.5 and 47.0 observed at 1pm and 5pm respectively. Diluent 2 (Dil.-2) showed similar results of less counts at 8am (22.0 log10 CFU/g) compared with 31.5 and 45.0 recorded at 1pm and 5pm respectively, as well as Diluent 3 (Dil.-3), which recorded similar results of less microbial load at the early hours of the day. The result from the microbial load count of chicken was not affected by the time (hours) of collection, as values were not significantly (P>0.05) different. Diluent 1 (Dil.-1) had the least count of 22.0 log10 CFU/g at 8am compared with a high count of 32.5 at 1pm and a less count of 24.5 at 5pm. Similarly, Diluent 2 (Dil.-2) recorded a microbial count of 20.5 log10 CFU/g at 8am compared with 24.5 and 22.5 recorded at 1pm and 5pm respectively. While Diluent 3 (Dil.-3) had 14.5 log 10 CFU/g at 8am compared with 18.5 and 17.5 recorded at 1pm and 5pm respectively. Microbial load of chicken meat was lowest in the morning (8am), high in the afternoon (1pm) and lower in the evening (5pm). Here, the rate of exposure of chickens in the refrigerator to the atmosphere affected its microbial load. The result did not follow the trend of higher microbial load as time of the day progressed, observed in beef. Results on a comparative assessment of the microbial load of beef and chicken meat further revealed that microbial load in beef was higher than chicken, as beef was completely exposed on a table platform in the market, while chicken was stored in the refrigerator when sold in the market. It also revealed that microbial load concentration of beef and chicken decreased as dilution rate of concentration increased, as observed in Dil.1 – 3. Hence, home consumers should buy beef meat in the early hours of the day, and chicken meat in the morning and evening from the market, in order to check the risk of microbial contamination.
Phytochemical Screening and Larvicidal Activities of Some Ethnobotanicals from North Eastern Nigeria against Culicine (Dipera: Culicidae) Mosquito
Authors: Naphtali R. S. , Ngwamah J. S. 
Published: August 2019

This study was aimed to investigate the insecticidal activities of some selected ethnobotanicals against culicine mosquitoes. Various part of plant material collected were extracted using Soxhlet apparatus Methanol and Petroleum ether were used as solvents. Quantitative phytochemical Analysis for the crude extracts was carried out for the presence of azadrachtin, terpenoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, glycoside, steroids phenol and flavonoids. The larvicidal potentials of the various crude extracts were then tested against culicine mosquitoes.
More yields of phytochemical constituents (80.78 mg) were found in total of 900 g used for methanol extracts as compared to 57.64 mg found in 900 g used in petroleum ether extracts. All the extracts of methanol and petroleum ether of the different plant used showed larvicidal potentials against culicine 3rd instar larvae. The LC50 of the methanol extracts (37.32, 38.52, 42.05, 45.91, 68.78, 126.56, and 141.73 ppm) of E. globulus, O. kilimanscharicum, H. suaveolens, Neem seeds, neem stem leave and orange peels respectively, are far better than their counterparts of petroleum ether extracts with LC50 (100.25, 115.53, 145.88, 68.44, 114.55, 46.79, and 175.07 ppm). The larvicidal effect of individual isolates of alkaloids, tannin, saponins, azadirachtin, phenol and steroids demonstrated larvicidal potentials against 3rd instar larvae of culicine, where, terpenoids, flavonoids and glycoside showed no larvicidal potentials against culicine larvae. The larvicidal potential of each plant depend on the number of active ingredients and quantity available in each extract.
In conclusion, the present plant extracts have potentials for development of new and safe control products for culicine mosquitoes.
Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C among HIV Infected Pregnant Women Attending Care and Treatment at National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Ya’aba Y. , Mohammed S. B. , Olatunji K. T. , Abubakar A. , Usoroh M. , Daniel O. C. , Abdulmumin A. R. , Nfongeh J. F. 
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Viral Hepatitis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are most common top ranking leading causes of infectious diseases and deaths worldwide. If these infections, remain unidentified and untreated among HIV infected pregnant women, children born to these pregnant women are at high risk of these viral hepatitis infections.
Aims: The aim of the study was to determine the sero-prevalence of HBV and HCV among HIV infected pregnant women in Abuja, Nigeria.
Methodology: A cross sectional study among 330 HIV infected pregnant women commencing antiretroviral therapy (ART) at National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), Abuja, Nigeria were studied. The women were screened for the presence of HBV and HCV antibodies. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to obtain socio-demographic data prior to recruitment/enrollment. Data were analyzed using statistical product and service solutions (SPSS) (version 20.0).
Results: Out of the 330 HIV infected pregnant women, 90 (27.3%) were HBV positive, while 5 (1.5%) were HCV positive (p = 0.42). The highest prevalence was observed among the age group of 20 – 29. However, none of the patients tested positive for both HBV and HCV.
Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that infection with viral hepatitis is common and of public health concern. Therefore, concerted efforts should be put in place to mitigate the epidemics.