bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The fractionation, characterization, and subcellular localization of colony-stimulating activities released by the human monocyte-like cell line, GCT
Authors: DiPersio JF , Brennan JK , Lichtman MA , Abboud CN , Kirkpatrick FH 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
GCT, a human monocyte-like cell line, has been shown to release biochemically distinct colony-stimulating activities (CSAs) for mouse and human marrows. These appear to be periodate-sensitive proteins with critical disulfide bonds. One, of molecular weight 145,000 daltons, stimulates macrophagic colony growth and is related to a 30,000-dalton molecule that also stimulates mouse growth. A 30,000-dalton CSA for human marrow can be separated from the 30,000-dalton mouse CSA by isoelectric focusing and gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This distinction agrees with our previous finding of differential neutralization with anti-human urinary CSF antibody. The 30,000-dalton CSAs stimulate neutrophil, neutrophil-monocyte, and eosinophil colony growth in human marrow but only neutrophil and neutrophil-monocyte colonies in the mouse. Subcellular fractionation of GCT cells indicates that there are pools of preformed CSAs primarily associated with the cell cytosol that have similar apparent molecular weights to their secreted counterparts.
Platelet arachidonic acid metabolism and platelet function in ten patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Jubelirer SJ , Russel F , Vaillancourt R , Deykin D 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We have compared the pathways of arachidonic acid (C 20:4) metabolism in platelets from ten patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive CML with those of seven normal subjects. Platelets were incubated with 3H-arachidonic acid, gel-filtered, and treated with thrombin (5 U/ml). The cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase-derived products and free arachidonic acid released from the platelets were separated by high pressure liquid chromatography and their radioactivity determined. The total uptake of 3H-C 20:4 by platelets from CML patients did not differ from controls, but the release of radioactivity in response to thrombin was significantly lower (p &lt; 0.01) in CML patients (32.3% +/- 4.9% of total radioactivity was released from control platelets; 19.0% +/- 7.4% from CML platelets). Both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase-derived products were reduced, but there was no specific pattern of abnormality. Although there was no direct correlation between either the WBC or platelet count and impairment of platelet C 20:4 metabolism, the platelets from three patients with accelerated disease released the lowest total amount of 3H-C 20:4 metabolites. In a single patient, studied before and after successful chemotherapy (hydroxyurea), severe abnormalities in platelet arachidonic acid metabolism returned to normal after treatment.
Utility of serum ferritin as a measure of iron deficiency in normal males undergoing repetitive phlebotomy
Authors: Jacob RA , Sandstead HH , Klevay LM , Johnson LK 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Hematologic indices and iron balance data were obtained on 22 normal male volunteers who were subjected to a mean +/- SD phlebotomy of 164 +/- 34 ml whole blood/mo while living in a controlled environment. Over an average stay of 5 mo, volunteers did not develop anemia, but did display a reduction in iron stores that was quantitated by measurement of serum ferritin and iron balance. The percent saturation of transferrin and the usual erythrocyte parameters did not reflect changes in iron status. Loss of iron, which was calculated from quantitative phlebotomy and iron balance data, showed that a decrease of 1 ng of serum ferritin represented a loss of 4.5 +/- 5.3 mg of iron in 10 men whose initial serum ferritins were greater than 25 ng/ml, and 25.3 +/- 58.8 mg of iron in 7 men whose initial serum ferritins were less than 25 ng/ml. The period required for 3 volunteers who consumed a self-selected mixed diet at home to replace their depleted iron stores to prephlebotomy levels was about 4.5 mo. The sensitivity of serum ferritin as an index of iron stores was affirmed. In addition it was found that normal men who were consuming a mixed diet containing about 15 mg of iron daily and losing blood at a rate of 164 +/- 34 ml/mo did not increase their iron absorption sufficiently to compensate for the iron loss.
Purification of hemopoietic progenitor cells from human marrow using a fucose-binding lectin and cell sorting
Authors: Morstyn G , Nicola NA , Metcalf D 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Human peripheral blood granulocytes, but not lymphocytes, erythrocytes, or monocytes, bound the fucose-binding lectin from Lotus tetragonolobus (FBP), and this binding was competitively inhibited by the sugar alpha- L-fucose. The fluorescence-activated cell sorter was used to study the appearance of this receptor on human marrow cells during granulocyte differentiation and to prepare fractions enriched for granulocyte- macrophage progenitor cells (granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells--GM-CFC). Cell binding of fluoresceinated FBP increased for bone marrow cells in the sequence--lymphocytes, blast cells, promyelocytes and myelocytes, monocytes, and polymorphonuclear cells. Selection of cells with appropriate low-angle or high-angle light scatter characteristics achieved a 10-fold or 2–3-fold enrichment of progenitor cells, respectively. By selecting cells with intermediate fluorescence intensity, a further 2–3-fold enrichment for GM-CFC was obtained. Cell sorting using the optimal selection of these three parameters produced up to 36-fold enrichment of the progenitor cells from human bone marrow. The most enriched fraction was composed of 23% progenitor cells (colony- and cluster-forming cells) with a yield of 36%. In populations most highly enriched by GM-CFC, immature cells (blast cells, promyelocytes, and myelocytes) made up 95% of the cells present.
Pyruvate kinase hyperactivity genetically determined metabolic consequences and molecular characterization
Authors: Max-Audit I , Rosa R , Marie J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Four people from the same family with red cell pyruvate kinase (PK) hyperactivity are described. These people displayed low 2,3- diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) and high adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels. In vitro metabolism studies of their red cells showed the relationship between the PK activity, low 2,3-DPG, and high ATP levels. The PK electrophoretic pattern of these subjects was abnormal by the presence of several additional bands; one of them migrated like PKM2. PKR from these people was thermounstable and M2-like PK was identical to PKM2 for immunologic reactivity and KO, 5s for phosphoenolpyruvate.
Some properties of marrow derived adherent cells in tissue culture
Authors: Bentley SA , Foidart JM 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
It has previously been shown that monolayer cultures derived adherent cells (MDAC), apparently consisting of fibroblasts, macrophages, epithelioid cells, and fat cells, can support long-term stem cell proliferation in vitro. In the present study, the hematopoietic support capability of murine MDAC monolayers was confirmed and the cultured cells further characterized with respect to the following properties: esterase I activity, complement (C3) receptors, IgG (Fc) receptors, colony stimulating activity (csa) production, and collagen synthesis. The cultures were also examined immunohistochemically to localize fibronectin, laminin, and collagen synthesis and to identify the collagen subtypes synthesized. MDAC morphology was as described in previous studies, although fat cells were few in number. It was found that MDAC included some cells with esterase I activity and C3 receptors. Fc receptors were not, however, detected, nor did the cultures produce csa, indicating that mononuclear phagocytes were not present. MDAC synthesized collagen types I and III and also fibronectin. Staining for epithelial basement membrane proteins (collagen types IV and V and laminin) was negative. The results indicate that the vast majority of these cultured MDAC were fibroblasts.
In vivo survival studies of 51Cr-labeled methyl acetimidate treated erythrocytes in patients with sickle cell disease
Authors: Gabuzda TG , Chao TL , Berenfeld MR , Gelbart T 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Studies of the survival time of 51Cr labeled erythrocytes treated in vitro with methyl acetimidate (MAI) were conducted in 13 patients with sickle cell disease in order to assess the suitability of this antisickling agent for more extensive clinical testing. In comparison with previously measured control values (average t1/2 8.4 +/- 1.1 days a), the survival time of the treated erythrocytes in 10 of the patients who were not transfused was initially prolonged (average t1/2 24.4 +/- 4.6 days). However, 5 of the 13 patients studied developed circulating antibody against the MAI treated erythrocytes, markedly reducing the survival time of MAI treated erythrocytes in subsequent studies. Two patients, each challenged 3 times with infused MAI treated erythrocytes, failed to show evidence of antibody production, suggesting that not all subjects become immunized even after repeated exposure. In spite of many other promising properties of MAI as an antisickling agent of potential value, consideration of its use in further clinical testing must depend on successful avoidance of immunization in patients receiving infusions of treated erythrocytes.
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: cellular impairments and their implication for carrier detection
Authors: Prchal JT , Carroll AJ , Prchal JF , Crist WM , Skalka HW , Gealy WJ , Harley J , Malluh A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A family in which two male siblings were affected with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) was studied using G-6-PD isoenzymes as an X-linked marker in order to investigate the nature of cellular abnormalities. Isolated peripheral blood cell types from the doubly heterozygous mother of the affected males seemingly failed to express the G-6-PD allele in cis position with the WAS allele while her cultured skin fibroblasts expressed both G-6-PD alleles. Additionally, a histogram analysis of platelet size revealed a single population of abnormally small platelets in the affected propositus, whereas the heterozygous mother had no appreciable small platelet subpopulation. In vitro culture of hemopoietic progenitor cells of the heterozygous mother showed that the majority of progenitor cells did not express the WAS allele. However, a small number of cells expressing the G-6-PD type linked with the WAS allele were detected. The proportion of the latter progenitors was significantly higher among more primitive progenitors (those giving rise to later appearing colonies). This observation suggests that selection against cells expressing the Wiskott-Aldrich defect takes place in the hemopoietic system of the heterozygous female and offers a possible means of carrier detection in some women. Linkage studies in this family revealed one example of probable recombination between the loci for WAS and G-6-PD among three informative subjects, suggesting that these two loci may not be closely linked on the X- chromosome.
Partial plasma exchange using albumin replacement: removal and recovery of normal plasma constituents
Authors: Orlin JB , Berkman EM 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Using albumin and crystalloid as the only replacement fluids, the effect of partial plasma exchange on the removal and recovery of normal plasma constituents was studied. The results of 30 procedures on 10 individuals were evaluated. Four patterns of removal are described: reduction in the concentration of fibrinogen and C3 were greater than would be expected based upon the extent of the exchange, while IgG, IgM, cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase and SGPT were removed as expected. Reduction of serum glutamicoxalacetic transaminase (SGOT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), amylase, and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) averaged 17% less, and uric acid, calcium and K+ averaged 53% less than expected. Concentrations of HCO-3 and glucose did not change. The mean recovery for all constituents except fibrinogen, C3, cholesterol. IgG and IgM was near 100% at 48–72 hr postpheresis. The 72-hr recovery of fibrinogen and complement was 66% and 60%, respectively. Cholesterol recovery was also slow, requiring a minimum of 1 wk to reach prepheresis levels. Measured at a time when quantitative IgM levels were still reduced, alloantibody agglutinating activity (anti-A and anti-B) in a postpheresis sample exceeded prepheresis agglutinating activity. These data demonstrated that, depending upon quantity and frequency of pheresis, partial plasma exchange using albumin replacement may cause progressive marked reduction in concentrations of immunoglobulin, complement, fibrinogen, and cholesterol. Furthermore, newly synthesized antibody may have increased biologic activity.
Vascular endothelium as a regulator of granulopoiesis: production of colony-stimulating activity by cultured human endothelial cells
Authors: Quesenberry PJ , Gimbrone MA Jr 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Colony-stimulating activity is a regulatory factor(s) that promotes differentiation of hemopoietic stem cells to mature granulocytes and macrophages; in man it has been found that blood monocytes, lymphocytes, and tissue macrophages produce it. In an effort to identify other potenitally physiologic tissue sources of colony- stimulating activity, we have studied the capacity of primary cultures of human vascular endothelial cells to produce colony-stimulating activity. Medium conditioned by incubation with endothelial cultures contained activity that promoted granulocyte-macrophage colony formation of nonadherent human and murine marrow cells. Exposure of endothelial cultures to 0.1–5.0 microgram/ml S. typhosa endotoxin for 6- 72 hr enhanced colony-stimulating activity production. Similarly, incubation of endothelial cells with lysates of human blood granulocytes, or cocultivation with intact granulocytes, resulted in increased colony-stimulating activity levels. In 7–14 day cultures, freshly isolated endothelial cells, incorporated into agar underlayers, consistently stimulated more colony formation by nonadherent human marrow cells than comparable numbers of blood monocytes. These data indicate that: (1) cultured human endothelial cells are a potent source of colony-stimulating activity; (2) they respond to endotoxin and granulocytes and their contents by producing increased amounts of CSA; and (3) they produce morea colony-stimulating activity, than human blood monocytes under standardized conditions in vitro. These observations suggest that the vascular endothelium may play a role in the physiologic regulation of granulopoiesis.
Effect of burst-promoting activity (BPA) and erythropoietin on hemoglobin biosynthesis in culture
Authors: Terasawa T , Ogawa M , Porter PN , Golde DW , Goldwasser E 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The influence of erythropoietin (Ep) and burst-promoting activity (BPA) on the relative rates of synthesis of fetal and adult hemoglobins (HbF and HbA) were investigated in clonal cell culture. In the case of crude Ep, a positive dose-response relationship between the concentration and the relative rate of HbF biosynthesis by circulating erythropoietic precursors was clearly observed. In contrast, increasing the concentration of purified Ep enhanced the synthesis of HbF and HbA equally. BPA from bone marrow conditioned media and T-cell conditioned media enhanced the relative rate of HbF biosynthesis and burst number at limiting serum concentrations (10%-15%). We, therefore, conclude that BPA is important in the modulation of HbF biosynthesis in culture.
Immunologic classification of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Implications for normal lymphoid differentiation
Authors: Foon KA , Billing RJ , Terasaki PI , Cline MJ 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a heterogeneous disease as defined by clinical characteristics and immunologic techniques. The standard cell surface markers are sheep erythrocyte receptors for T lymphocytes and surface membrane immunoglobulin for B lymphocytes. Utilizing these markers, three subtypes of ALL designated T-ALL, B-ALL and non-B, non-T or null ALL have been defined. We have studied 70 patients with ALL utilizing these standard cell surface markers. In addition, we have further subclassified these patients by testing each cell for an ALL-associated antigen, the la-like antigen, and thymocyte antigen(s) all defined by well-characterized antisera. We can define 12 subgroups of ALL by their surface antigenic characteristics. These subgroups may have relevance to the clinical expression of disease and may define identifiable stages of normal lymphocyte development.
Synthesis of abnormal heavy chains in Bence-Jones plasma cell leukemia with intracellular IgG
Authors: Preud'homme JL , Labaume S , Praloran V 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In a patient with plasma cell leukemia and a kappa type Bence Jones protein in serum and urine, the immunofluorescence study of blood plasma cells showed intracellular gamma and kappa chain determinants. Biosynthesis experiments showed the production of abnormally short heavy chains (45,000 daltons) that assembled with normal sized light chains with a partial block. These abnormal heavy chains were secreted at a slow rate and were degraded after secretion.
A monoclonal antibody identifying a cell surface antigen shared by common acute lymphoblastic leukemias and B lineage cells
Authors: Greaves MF , Verbi W , Kemshead J , Kennett R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A monoclonal antibody designated PI153/3, which reacts with neuroblastoma and fetal brain, is shown to identify also a cell surface determinant shared by pre-B and mature B cells and their corresponding leukemias including chronic lymphocytic leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, B acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and hairy cell leukemia, but not plasmacytoma. Almost all non-T, non-B acute “lymphoid” leukemias bind PI153/3. The latter includes 71 of 74 common ALL tested, most but not all “unclassified” or “null” ALL and cases of both acute undifferentiated leukemia and Ph1 positive chronic myeloid leukemia in blast crisis with common ALL phenotypes. The antigen is absent or present at very low density on normal and leukemic T lymphocyte, myeloid and erythroid cells. The determinant appears to co-redistribute with cell surface immunoglobulin in B lymphocytes and segregates independently of other cell surface antigens associated with B cells and/or cALL including HLA-DR (Ia-like antigens) and the cALL (gp 100) antigen.
Modulation of murine pluripotential stem cell proliferation in vivo by lithium carbonate
Authors: Gallicchio VS , Chen MG 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The effect of administering lithium in vivo on murine pluripotential stem cell proliferation was studied. Lithium was injected i.p. at various meq/liter concentrations (0.5–5.0 meq/liter). Data was obtained establishing that lithium increased the pluripotential stem cell population from normal mice as measured by the Till and McCulloch CFUs assay. Significant increases were demonstrated in: (1) bone marrow CFUs; (2) bone marrow organ cellularity, and (3) peripheral blood WBC. Marrow CFUs increase was maximum at 4 days post-lithium injection and greatest in the 1 meq/liter group (p < 0.001). Further increases in lithium concentration, i.e., 5 meq/liter, effectively reduced CFUs levels below normal, suggesting toxicity of the drug was apparent at this dose level. We conclude lithium may modulate granulopoiesis by increasing the CFUs stem cell compartment, thereby directly channeling differentiation into the granulopoietic pathway. This increases the committed progenitor stem cell (CFUc) population and ultimately peripheral blood end-stage cells.
Purification and characterization of a human T-lymphocyte-derived granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
Authors: Lusis AJ , Quon DH , Golde DW 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We have examined the biologic and physical properties of a human T- lymphocyte granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF). The source of the factor is a T-lymphoblast cell line (Mo) that was derived from a patient with a T-cell variant of hairy-cell leukemia. The Mo line constitutively produces a number of lymphokines that are normally produced by mitogen-stimulated T lymphocytes. Medium conditioned by Mo cells grown in the absence of serum is especially rich in CSF activity, and using this source we have purified the CSF to a specific activity of about 3.5 x 10(6) colonies per 10(5) Ficoll-Hypaque-separated human bone marrow cells plated per mg protein. The Mo CSF stimulates the formation of both granulocyte and macrophage colonies in vitro (in about equal numbers) and it has a relatively steep dose-response curve. Both the crude and purified preparations stimulated the formation of eosinophil as well as neutrophil colonies; it is unclear whether this is due to the presence of multiple factors with similar physical properties or a single factor with multiple activities. The CSF has little stimulating activity for mouse bone marrow progenitors. Physically, the Mo CSF is an acidic glycoprotein of molecular weight about 34,000. It binds to concanavalin A-Sepharose, is unusually resistant to denaturing agents and heat treatment, and is not inactivated in the presence of sulfhydryl reagents. The Mo CSF is distinct from factors stimulating erythroid colony formation and inhibiting neutrophil migration that are also produced by Mo cells. It differs in several physical and biologic properties from other human CSFs that have been characterized.
Expression of blood group A antigens in human bone marrow cells
Authors: Karhi KK , Andersson LC , Vuopio P , Gahmberg CG 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We have studied the appearance of blood group A-activity during hematopoiesis in human bone marrow cells by the use of the blood group A-specific lectin from Vicia cracca. Cells that bound the lectin were identified using antiserum against the lectin followed by rosetting with protein A-containing Staphylococcus aureus cells. Only cells of the erythroid lineage from blood group A individuals formed staphylococcal rosettes. A-activity occurred in basophilic normoblasts and later stages of erythropoiesis, whereas pronormoblasts were negative. The appearance of blood group A-activity coincided roughly with the onset of hemoglobin synthesis and slightly later than the expression of the major sialoglycoprotein of erythrocytes, glycophorin A. Glycophorin A did not, however, contain blood group A-activity when analyzed by immunoprecipitation and gel electrophoresis.
Cell interactions influencing murine marrow megakaryocytes: nature of the potentiator cell in bone marrow
Authors: Williams N , Jackson H , Ralph P , Nakoinz I 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Auxiliary bone marrow cells are required for optimal murine megakaryocyte colony formation in addition to progenitor cells and a colony stimulating activity (CSA) present in WEHI-3 cell conditioned medium. These auxiliary cells are adherent, with a sedimentation rate of 5.8 mm hr-1 and buoyant density of 1.065–1.078 gcm-3. The activity from bone marrow cells is loss at irradiation doses above 900 rad. Bone marrow cells with these characteristics, and supernatants from lung, bone shafts, and peritoneal exudate cells were all active in enhancing megakaryocyte colony incidences in mouse bone marrow cultures above those stimulated by an obligatory activity in WEHI-3 cell conditioned medium. Certain macrophage cell lines (J774, P388D1) could elaborate the activity. This study confirms that a potentiation activity enhances CSA stimulation of megakaryocyte colony formation. The potentiator is elaborated by bone marrow cells in limiting amounts requiring either high cell concentrations or an exogenous source of the activity for optimal colony growth.