bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Precision Optics for LED Applications Made of Liquid Silicone Rubber (LSR)
Authors: Hopmann Christian , Röbig Malte 
Published: September 2018

Light Emitting Diodes (LED) conquer the growing global market of lighting technologies. Due to their advantages regarding efficiency and lifetime, they are increasingly used in consumer products, for lighting applications in the home and in the mobility sector as well as in industrial applications. Conventionally, LED chips are encapsulated by so-called primary optics and the optical function is given by an optical head. In the context of a joint research project in cooperation with the partners Hella KGaA Hueck & Co., Lippstadt, Momentive Performance Materials GmbH, Leverkusen, all Germany, and ELMET Elastomere Produktions- und Dienstleistungs-GmbH, Oftering, Austria, an injection molding process of combined primary optics and optical heads made of liquid silicone rubber (LSR) was investigated. Due to the material-specific advantages of highly transparent LSR especially regarding the excellent high temperature resistance and the great freedom in design the optics can meet both the requirements for the encapsulation of LED chips as well as the realization of an optical function. An integrated injection mold concept was realized in order to reduce mounting steps, where a LED circuit-board is inserted and directly overmolded with LSR. Processing studies have shown that a reproducible replication of LSR optics with good optical properties and molding accuracy is possible. Moreover, for the use in an automotive application long term properties are crucial. Therefore, a temperature cycling test between −40°C and 125°C for 1,000 cycles as well as a continuous operation of the LED with permitted maximum current for 2,000 h were carried out. Additionally, the application of optical micro structured LED optics made of LSR was examined. For this purpose appropriate optics and mold inserts were designed and manufactured.
Study on the Application Properties of WPU and OMMT in RTV Mold Rubber
Authors: Siyuang Yang , Jincheng Wang , Junhua Wang 
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this work was to research on the application properties of waterborne polyurethane (WPU) and organic montmorillonite (OMMT) in room-temperature-vulcanizated silicone rubber (RTV) used as mold materials. The first part dealt with the application of WPU in RTV matrix. The composite with 3% WPU showed the highest tensile strength and elongation at break, 4.1 MPa and 1441%, respectively. These properties were improved about 28% and 55% compared with that pure RTV. The COLE and COVE of RTV/WPU-3 was 0.2×10−4∼1.2×10−4K−1 and 2.7×10−3∼4.4×10−3K−1, respectively. These values were lower compared with that of pure RTV. The second part dealt with the application of OMMT in RTV/WPU composites. When 3% OMMT was added, the tensile strength and elongation at break were increased to 5.6 MPa and 1534%, respectively. The COLE and COVE of RTV/WPU-3/OMMT-7 was 0.32×10−4∼0.94×10−4 K−1 and 0.32×10−3∼2.3×10−3K−1. These values showed an obvious decrease compared with that of RTV/WPU-3 composite. After the addition of 3% OMMT, the acid and alkali resistance of these composites were improved. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were also used in the investigation of the microtopography of these RTV composites.
Studies on the Properties of Photo/Bio-Degradable Ldpe with Benzophenone and Hydrolysed Starch
Authors: Arul Kumar K.P. , Soundararajan S. 
Published: September 2018

Maize starch was acid hydrolyzed at 50–60°C for 6 hours. Reduced viscosity for raw starch, hydrolyzed starch (HS) and glucose were determined. DSC tests were done to determine the melting point of the modified starch. LDPE of MFI 2 g/10 min was blended with this hydrolyzed starch at various proportions of 3–20% (wt%), photo-degradable additive – benzophenone (3%) and glycerol (3%) as compatibilizer using a twin screw extruder. The formulations made using HS were easy for processing and since the MFI was increased, the starch added, proved to be hydrolyzed, Tubular blown film was extruded using blown film extruder. LDPE with hydrolysed starch are processable into thin films (< 250 microns). The films obtained were tested for various mechanical tests like tensile strength, elongation at break, etc. The mechanical properties like tensile strength and elongation at break were lowered. Tear strength and dart impact strength were lowered. Also accelerated UV weathering and compost biodegradation tests were done on all the samples. Scanning Electron Microscope images were taken before and after UV weathering and also after biodegradation to determine the morphological changes on the samples. The samples were highly photo/biodegradable and hence will not pollute the environment.
Synthesis of Epoxy Resin from Waste Ricebran Oil
Authors: Gupta Nikhil Kumar , Yadav P.K.S. , Eadara Rajan , Singh R.P. 
Published: September 2018

Vegetable oil is triglyceride of higher molecular weight fatty acids and most of the vegetable oils have high content of unsaturated fatty acids, which can be converted into epoxy fatty acids. Epoxidized vegetable oils (EVO) are nowadays gaining importance because of their sustainable, renewable and environment friendly nature. EVOs are widely used as feedstock for the synthesis of plasticizers, lubricants, coating formulations, polyols etc. Due to the unsaturation present in Ricebran oil, it can be epoxidized to produce an eco-friendly and consumer-friendly product which can replace products produced from petroleum origin. In this study waste ricebran oil was successfully used to produce economically efficient epoxy resin. The waste ricebran oil (WRBO) used was obtained from refined ricebran oil, which was used as frying medium for 16 hours. 50 g waste ricebran oil (0.177 moles) having an iodine value 92 and acid value 1.2 was reacted with performic acid at 60°C for 7 hours. An excess of 30% hydrogen per oxide (60 ml, 1.76 moles) was taken for higher conversion in the reaction. This reaction was completed with formic acid (11.2 g, 0.243 moles) as oxygen carrier in presence of H2SO4 as catalyst in situ. The product was analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H-NMR).
Proton therapy for adults with mediastinal lymphomas: the International Lymphoma Radiation Oncology Group guidelines
Authors: Dabaja Bouthaina Shbib , Hoppe Bradford S. , Plastaras John P. , Newhauser Wayne , Rosolova Katerina , Flampouri Stella , Mohan Radhe , Mikhaeel N. George , Kirova Youlia , Specht Lena , Yahalom Joachim 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Among adult lymphoma survivors, radiation treatment techniques that increase the excess radiation dose to organs at risk (OARs) put patients at risk for increased side effects, especially late toxicities. Minimizing radiation to OARs in adults patients with Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas involving the mediastinum is the deciding factor for the choice of treatment modality. Proton therapy may help to reduce the radiation dose to the OARs and reduce toxicities, especially the risks for cardiac morbidity and second cancers. Because proton therapy may have some disadvantages, identifying the patients and the circumstances that may benefit the most from proton therapy is important. We present modern guidelines to identify adult lymphoma patients who may derive the greatest benefit from proton therapy, along with an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of proton treatment.
RNA-seq of newly diagnosed patients in the PADIMAC study leads to a bortezomib/lenalidomide decision signature
Authors: Chapman Michael A. , Sive Jonathan , Ambrose John , Roddie Claire , Counsell Nicholas , Lach Anna , Abbasian Mahnaz , Popat Rakesh , Cavenagh Jamie D. , Oakervee Heather , Streetly Matthew J. , Schey Stephen , Koh Mickey , Willis Fenella , Virchis Andres E. , Crowe Josephine , Quinn Michael F. , Cook Gordon , Crawley Charles R. , Pratt Guy , Cook Mark , Braganza Nivette , Adedayo Toyin , Smith Paul , Clifton-Hadley Laura , Owen Roger G. , Sonneveld Pieter , Keats Jonathan J. , Herrero Javier , Yong Kwee 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Improving outcomes in multiple myeloma will involve not only development of new therapies but also better use of existing treatments. We performed RNA sequencing on samples from newly diagnosed patients enrolled in the phase 2 PADIMAC (Bortezomib, Adriamycin, and Dexamethasone Therapy for Previously Untreated Patients with Multiple Myeloma: Impact of Minimal Residual Disease in Patients with Deferred ASCT) study. Using synthetic annealing and the large margin nearest neighbor algorithm, we developed and trained a 7-gene signature to predict treatment outcome. We tested the signature in independent cohorts treated with bortezomib- and lenalidomide-based therapies. The signature was capable of distinguishing which patients would respond better to which regimen. In the CoMMpass data set, patients who were treated correctly according to the signature had a better progression-free survival (median, 20.1 months vs not reached; hazard ratio [HR], 0.40; confidence interval [CI], 0.23-0.72; P = .0012) and overall survival (median, 30.7 months vs not reached; HR, 0.41; CI, 0.21-0.80; P = .0049) than those who were not. Indeed, the outcome for these correctly treated patients was noninferior to that for those treated with combined bortezomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone, arguably the standard of care in the United States but not widely available elsewhere. The small size of the signature will facilitate clinical translation, thus enabling more targeted drug regimens to be delivered in myeloma.
An introduction to the clinical practice of theranostics in oncology
Authors: Turner J Harvey 
Published: September 2018

“Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.”
George Santayana 1905
“If men could learn from history, what lessons it might teach us! But passion and party blind our eyes, and the light which experience gives is a lantern on the stern, which shines only on the waves behind us!”
Samuel Taylor Coleridge 1835
The medical speciality of theranostic nuclear oncology has taken three-quarters of a century to move the stern light cast retrospectively by single-centre clinical reports, to the forepeak in the bow of our theranostic craft, where prospective randomised controlled multicentre clinical trials now illuminate the way forward. This recent reorientation of nuclear medicine clinical research practice to align with that of standard medical and radiation oncology protocols, reflects the paradigm shift toward individualised molecular oncology and precision medicine. Theranostics is the epitome of personalised medicine. The specific tumour biomarker is quantitatively imaged on positron emission tomography (PET)/CT or single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT. If it is clearly demonstrated that a tumoricidal radiation absorbed dose can be delivered, the theranostic beta or alpha-emitting radionuclide pair, coupled to the same targeted molecule, is then administered, to control advanced metastatic cancer in that individual patient. This prior selection of patients who may benefit from theranostic treatment is in direct contrast to the evolving oncological indirect treatments using immune-check point inhibitors, where there is an urgent need to define biomarkers which can reliably predict response, and thus avoid the high cost and toxicity of these agents in patients who are unlikely to benefit. The immune and molecular treatment approaches of oncology are a recent phenomenon and the efficacy and safety of immune-check point blockade and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies are currently under evaluation in multicentre randomised controlled trials. Such objective evaluation is compromised by the inadequacy of conventional response evaluation criteria in solid tumour (RECIST) CT/MR anatomical/functional imaging to define tumour response, in both immune-oncology and theranostic nuclear oncology. This introduction to the clinical practice of theranostics explores ways in which nuclear physicians can learn from the lessons of history, and join with their medical, surgical and radiation oncology colleagues to establish a symbiotic collaboration to realise the potential of personalised molecular medicine to control advanced cancer and actually enhance quality of life whilst prolonging survival.
Laboratory validation and field usability assessment of a point-of-care test for serum bilirubin levels in neonates in a tropical setting
Authors: Thielemans Laurence , Hashmi Ahmar , Priscilla Dah Dah , Kho Paw Moo , Pimolsorntong Tekel , Ngerseng Thatsanun , Van Overmeire Bart , Proux Stephane , Nosten François , McGready Rose , Carrara Verena I. , Bancone Germana 
Published: September 2018

Background: Screening and monitoring serum bilirubin (SBR) in neonates is crucial to prevent neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (NH)-associated morbidity and mortality worldwide. A lack of resources is often a barrier for measuring SBR in developing countries. Reliable, cost-effective, easy to use point-of-care (POC) SBR tests are needed. This study aimed to evaluate the technical accuracy and usability of the Bilistick System (BS), a new bilirubin POC test, in a tropical setting. Methods: This was a mixed-methods study, including laboratory validation of the BS, direct observation of technical procedures as performed by the midwives and midwives’ assessment of the device’s easiness of use through focus group discussions (FGD) and a self-administered questionnaire. The study was conducted in a field clinic of the Shoklo Malaria Research Unit along the Thailand-Myanmar border between January and December 2017. Results: A total of 173 samples were tested at a median age of 4 days. BS generated an error message—providing no SBR readout—in 48.6% of the tests performed. For the tests that yielded a result, the correlation coefficient (95% CI) between BS and routine laboratory bilirubinometer SBR was 0.87 (0.77-0.93). The accuracy decreased with increasing haematocrit and at higher humidity (≥75%). Direct observation of the operators using the device and analysis of the focus group discussions and questionnaires indicated that the BS was considered easy to use and required limited training. Conclusions: This evaluation showed that the BS, in its current formulation, does not provide reliable results for measuring SBR in a tropical, low-resource setting but has acceptable usability features.
Relating the Cation Exchange Properties of the Boom Clay (Belgium) to Mineralogy and Pore-Water Chemistry
Authors: Frederickx Lander , Honty Miroslav , de Craen Mieke , Dohrmann Reiner , Elsen Jan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe Boom Clay in northern Belgium has been studied intensively over recent decades as a potential host rock in the context of disposal of radioactive waste. One of the parameters of interest is the cation exchange capacity (CEC) as it is related to the sorption potential of radionuclides to the clay host rock. In the past, the CEC was determined using various methods on a limited number of samples, leading to significant variations. To constrain the CEC of the Boom Clay better, a sample set covering the entire stratigraphy was measured using the quick copper(II) triethylenetetramine method. Part of the sample set was also measured using the cobalt(III) hexamine method, as a quality control for the results of the former method. In addition, the exchangeable cation population of the Boom Clay was quantified systematically for the first time and these results were compared to the in situ pore-water chemistry, indicating a strong coupling between the pore-water composition and the exchangeable sites of clay minerals.
DIREITOS AMBIENTAIS PROCEDIMENTAIS: ACESSO À INFORMAÇÃO, À PARTICIPAÇÃO PÚBLICA NA TOMADA DE ECISÃO E ACESSO À JUSTIÇA EM MATÉRIA AMBIENTAL
Authors: Sarlet Ingo Wolfgang , Fensterseifer Tiago 
Published: September 2018

O artigo versa sobre a dimensão procedimental do direito-dever fundamental ao ambiente. À luz da Teoria dos Direitos Fundamentais, são analisados os direitos ambientais procedimentais consagrados pelo Princípio 10 da Declaração do Rio sobre Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento (1992) e pela Convenção de Aarhus (1998): participação pública; acesso à informação ambiental; acesso à justiça. Após tal desenvolvimento, os direitos ambientais procedimentais são contextualizados no “no estado da arte” do direito constitucional e infraconstitucional brasileiro, inclusive abordando a atual jurisprudência do Superior Tribunal de Justiça e do Supremo Tribunal Federal sobre a matéria.
Learn the Rules like a Pro, so you can Break them like an Artist (Picasso): Linguistic Aberrancy from a Constructional Perspective
Authors: Bergs Alexander 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This paper investigates linguistic creativity from a constructional perspective. Following a distinction between F-creativity (fixed creativity, like productivity) and E-creativity (extending creativity, creativity beyond rules), it discusses several possible origins for innovations in a given language: errors and mistakes, language contact, and the intentional manipulation of linguistic material in the form of snowcloning, coercion, and aberrancy. This paper shows that only one special form of aberrancy might be classified as ‘pure’ E-creativity. Rather than enforcing the dichotomy between E- and F-creativity, all the other sources of linguistic innovations seem to form a cline between these two poles.
Collo-Creativity and Blending: Recognizing Creativity Requires Lexical Storage in Constructional Slots
Authors: Herbst Thomas 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis article explores to what extent linguistic creativity can be accounted for by investigating the collocational and collostructional properties of different constructions. A distinction is made between intended creativity and creativity caused by despair. It is argued that while unexpected combinations of constructions (in the sense of lexical items and syntactic constructions) are not the only type of linguistic creativity, they are of particular relevance to linguistic theory because they can only be appropriately accounted for in terms of a model that takes an integrative view of grammar and lexicon and allows for a considerable amount of lexical knowledge concerning the description of constructions.
Brief, But Not Prolonged, Pauses in the Firing of Midbrain Dopamine Neurons Are Sufficient to Produce a Conditioned Inhibitor
Authors: Chang Chun Yun , Gardner Matthew P.H. , Conroy Jessica C. , Whitaker Leslie R. , Schoenbaum Geoffrey 
Published: September 2018

Prediction errors are critical for associative learning. In the brain, these errors are thought to be signaled, in part, by midbrain dopamine neurons. However, although there is substantial direct evidence that brief increases in the firing of these neurons can mimic positive prediction errors, there is less evidence that brief pauses mimic negative errors. Whereas pauses in the firing of midbrain dopamine neurons can substitute for missing negative prediction errors to drive extinction, it has been suggested that this effect might be attributable to changes in salience rather than the operation of this signal as a negative prediction error. Here we address this concern by showing that the same pattern of inhibition will create a cue able to meet the classic definition of a conditioned inhibitor by showing suppression of responding in a summation test and slower learning in a retardation test. Importantly, these classic criteria were designed to rule out explanations founded on attention or salience; thus the results cannot be explained in this manner. We also show that this pattern of behavior is not produced by a single, prolonged, ramped period of inhibition, suggesting that it is precisely timed, sudden change and not duration that conveys the teaching signal.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHere we show that brief pauses in the firing of midbrain dopamine neurons are sufficient to produce a cue that meets the classic criteria defining a conditioned inhibitor, or a cue that predicts the omission of a reward. These criteria were developed to distinguish actual learning from salience or attentional effects; thus these results formally show that brief pauses in the firing of dopamine neurons can serve as key teaching signals in the brain. Interestingly, this was not true for gradual prolonged pauses, suggesting it is the dynamic change in firing that serves as the teaching signal.
Modulation of Beta Bursts in the Subthalamic Nucleus Predicts Motor Performance
Authors: Torrecillos Flavie , Tinkhauser Gerd , Fischer Petra , Green Alexander L. , Aziz Tipu Z. , Foltynie Thomas , Limousin Patricia , Zrinzo Ludvic , Ashkan Keyoumars , Brown Peter , Tan Huiling 
Published: September 2018

Considerable evidence suggests a role of beta-band oscillations in voluntary movements. However, most of the studies linking beta power to motor performance are based on data averaged across trials that ignore the fast dynamics of oscillatory activity and trial-to-trial variations in motor responses. Recently, emphasis has shifted from the functional implications of the mean beta power to the presence and nature of episodic bursts of beta activity. Here we test the hypothesis that beta bursts, though short in duration in more physiological state, may help explain spontaneous variations in motor behavior of human adults at the single-trial level. To this end, we recorded local field potential activity from the subthalamic nucleus of parkinsonian patients of both genders whose motor behavior had been normalized as far as possible through treatment with the dopamine prodrug, levodopa. We found that beta bursts present in a time-limited window well before movement onset in the contralateral subthalamic nucleus reduce the peak velocity of that movement and that this effect is further amplified by the amplitude of the burst. Additionally, prolonged reaction times are observed when bursts occur immediately after the GO cue. Together, these results suggest that the modulation of the timing and amplitude of beta bursts might serve to dynamically adapt motor performance. These results offer new insight in the pathology of Parkinson's disease, and suggest that beta bursts whose presence and nature are modulated by context may have a physiological role in modulating behavior.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTBeta oscillations (∼13–30 Hz) have been increasingly interpreted as transient bursts rather than as rhythmically sustained oscillations (Feingold et al., 2015). Prolonged and increased probability of beta bursts in the subthalamic nucleus correlates with the severity of motor impairment in Parkinson's disease (Tinkhauser et al., 2017a, b). However, it remains unclear whether beta bursts act to modify motor performance on a trial-by-trial basis under more physiological condition. Here, we found that, according to the time window in which they fall, beta bursts reduced the velocity of the forthcoming movement or prolonged the reaction time. These results offer new insight in the pathology of Parkinson's disease and also suggest that the modulation of beta bursts might serve to dynamically adapt motor performance.