bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The locomotor and predatory habits of unenlagiines (Theropoda, Paraves): inferences based on morphometric studies and comparisons with Laurasian dromaeosaurids
Authors: Gianechini Federico A. , Ercoli Marcos D. , Díaz-Martínez Ignacio 
Published: February 2019

AbstractUnenlagiinae is mostly recognized as a subclade of dromaeosaurids. They have the modified pedal digit II that characterize all dromeosaurids, which is typically related to predation. However, derived Laurasian dromaeosaurids (eudromaeosaurs) differ from unenlagiines in having a shorter metatarsus and pedal phalanx II-1, and more ginglymoid articular surfaces in metatarsals and pedal phalanges. Further, unenlagiines have a subarctometatarsal condition, which could have increased the mechanical efficiency during locomotion. All these discrepancies possibly reflect different locomotor and predatory habits. To evaluate this we conducted morphometric analyses and comparisons of qualitative morphological aspects. The former consisted in two phylogenetic principal component analyses, one of them based on lengths of femur, tibia and metatarsus, and width of metatarsus, and the other based on lengths of pedal phalanges. The data sampling covered several coelurosaurian and non-coelurosaurian taxa. The first analysis showed the unenlagiines close to taxa with long tibiae and long and slender metatarsi, which are features considered to provide high cursorial capacities. Instead, eudromaeosaurs are close to taxa with shorter tibiae and shorter and wider metatarsi, which can be considered with low cursorial capacities. The second analysis showed that eudromaeosaurs and unenlagiines have similar phalangeal proportions. Moreover, they share the elongation of distal phalanges, which is a feature related to the capacity of grasping. The shorter and wider metatarsus, more ginglymoid articular surfaces and a shorter pedal phalanx II-2 of eudromaeosaurs possibly allowed them to exert a greater gripping strength. Thus, they had the potential of hunting large prey. Instead, the longer and slender subarctometatarsus, lesser ginglymoid articular surfaces and a longer pedal phalanx II-2 of unenlagiines possibly gave to them greater cursorial capacities and the ability to hunt smaller and elusive prey on the ground. Thus, the different morphological evolutionary paths of dromaeosaurids lineages seem to indicate different locomotor and predatory specializations.
Precise removal ofCalm1long 3′ UTR isoform by CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing impairs dorsal root ganglion development in mice
Authors: Gruner Hannah N. , Bae Bongmin , Lynch Maebh , Oliver Daniel , So Kevin , Mastick Grant S. , Yan Wei , Miura Pedro 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMost mammalian genes are subject to Alternative cleavage and PolyAdenylation (APA), often resulting in alternative length 3′ UTR isoforms. Thousands of extended or long 3′ UTR variants are preferentially expressed in neuron-enriched tissues of metazoans. However, thein vivofunctions of these long 3′ UTR isoforms are largely unknown.Calmodulin 1(Calm1)is a key integrator of calcium signaling that is required for correct neural development.Calm1generates short (Calm1-S) and long 3′ UTR (Calm1-L) mRNA isoforms via APA. We foundCalm1-Sto be broadly expressed across mouse tissues, whereasCalm1-Lexpression was largely restricted to neural tissues, including the dorsal root ganglion (DRG). Using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, a series of mouse deletion lines were generated that successfully eliminated expression ofCalm1-Lwhile maintaining expression ofCalm1-S. One of these lines,Calm1Δ3′ UTR, carried a 163 bp deletion surrounding the distal polyA site. Examination ofCalm1Δ3′ UTRembryos revealed disrupted development of the DRG. InCalm1Δ3′ UTRDRG explant cultures undergoing axon outgrowth, we observed a dramatic increase in axon fasciculation. These results demonstrate a physiological role forCalm1-Lin DRG development, and more generally, establish a genome-editing strategy to studyin vivofunctions of long 3′ UTR isoforms.Author SummaryMore than half of all human genes generate alternative mRNA isoforms which differ in the length of their 3’ Untranslated regions (3’ UTRs). Through a process called Alternative Cleavage and Polyadenylation thousands of broadly expressed genes preferentially express long 3’ UTR variants in brain tissues whereas their short 3’ UTR counterparts are more broadly expressed. A challenge to study the functions of these transcripts has been to generate loss of function mutant animals that lack a long 3’ UTR isoform but maintain expression of the corresponding short 3’ UTR isoform. Here, we used the precise, rapid, and efficient approach of CRISPR genome-editing to generate long 3’ UTR mutant mice. These mice, which do not express the long 3’ UTR of theCalmodulin 1(Calm1) gene, exhibit impairment in the development of sensory neurons, including increased fasciculation of axons and aberrant cell body migration. This finding is important because it provides conclusive genetic evidence for a neural function of a long 3’ UTR isoform in an animal. The CRISPR genome-editing approach used here can be applied to the study of neuron-enriched long 3’ UTR isoforms, which number in the thousands and have largely unexplored functions.
Characters with autism spectrum disorder in fiction: where are the women and girls?
Authors: Tharian Priyanka Rebecca , Henderson Sadie , Wathanasin Nataya , Hayden Nikita , Chester Verity , Tromans Samuel 
Published: February 2019

Purpose
Fiction has the potential to dispel myths and helps improve public understanding and knowledge of the experiences of under-represented groups. Representing the diversity of the population allows individuals to feel included, connected with and understood by society. Whether women and girls with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are adequately and accurately represented in fictional media is currently unknown. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach
Internet and library searches were conducted to identify female characters with ASD in works of fiction. Examples of such works were selected for further discussion based on their accessibility, perceived historical and cultural significance and additional characteristics that made the work particularly meaningful.

Findings
The search highlighted a number of female characters with ASD across a range of media, including books, television, film, theatre and video games. Many were written by authors who had a diagnosis of the condition themselves, or other personal experience. Pieces largely portrayed characters with traits that are highly recognised within the academic literature. However, some also appeared to endorse outdated myths and stereotypes. Existing works appear to preferentially portray high functioning autistic women, with limited representation of those whom also have intellectual disability.

Originality/value
This is the first exploration of the depiction of ASD in females within fiction. There is a need for more works of fiction responsibly depicting females with ASD, as this can help reduce stigma, develop public awareness and recognition and increase representation.
Indoor air in healing environments
Authors: Gola Marco , Settimo Gaetano , Capolongo Stefano 
Published: February 2019

PurposeSeveral countries have carried out air quality monitoring in professional workplaces where chemicals are used. Health-care spaces have been less investigated. This paper aims to define a protocol, as developed by a research group, for inpatient rooms to understand the state of the art and to suggest design and management strategies for improving process quality.Design/methodology/approachStarting from the ISO-16000 standard and guidelines for monitoring activities, a protocol is defined for a one year investigation, with passive samplers. Through data analysis of the investigations and analysis of the cleaning and finishing products, heating, ventilation and air conditioning and maintenance activities, etc., it is possible to highlight the potential influences of chemical pollution.FindingsA methodology is defined for understanding the chemical pollution and the possible factors related to construction materials, cleaning products and maintenance activities.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper analyzes only a limited number of case studies because the monitoring activity is still in progress.Practical implicationsThe investigation offers a starting point for a wide tool for the definition of design, maintenance and management strategies in health-care facilities.Social implicationsThe research project, aimed at improving the knowledge of indoor air quality (IAQ) in inpatient rooms, is a starting point for a supporting tool for future regulations concerning health-care facilities.Originality/valueIAQ is an issue on which many governments are focusing. Several health-care researchers have reported studies that aim at improving users’ health. Most investigations are about biological and physical risks, but chemical risks have been less studied. The paper suggests some design and management strategies for inpatient room.
Determinants of housing prices in Baku: empirical analyses
Authors: Aliyev Khatai , Amiraslanova Mehin , Bakirova Nigar , Eynizada Narmin 
Published: February 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to reveal major factors affecting housing prices (flats and houses) in Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan Republic.Design/methodology/approachBased on cross-sectional data set of 497 flats and 443 houses, polynomial regression models are estimated for flats and houses separately. Regression models are estimated by using ordinary least squares.FindingsLocation, largeness, repair level and existence of bill of sale are major price determinants for flats. For houses, number of rooms also matters. Findings reveals that houses are land intensive (more floors, less land area) toward city center, and vice versa. Price difference due to existence of bill of sale diminishes significantly toward the surrounding areas.Research limitations/implicationsThe data set represents view of sellers and does not take into consideration price bargaining in time of sale; probability of information asymmetries exists which not could accounted for, and urgency of sale is not considered.Practical implicationsEstimation results can be used for housing valuation by real estate market participants and investors.Social implicationsResearch findings reveal importance of bill of sale as a major price determinant and expected to attract policymakers’ attention to solve such a big social problem. Additionally, models can be based for price estimations in Baku housing market.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the literature by empirically analyzing housing market in Baku, Azerbaijan. Research produces new practically valuable findings.
Framing contractual performance incentives: effects on supplier behaviour
Authors: Selviaridis Kostas , van der Valk Wendy 
Published: February 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects that the framing of contractual performance incentives have on supplier’s behavioural and relational responses and on the buyer–supplier relationship.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted three in-depth case studies of contractual relationships, which exhibit differences in terms of how performance incentives are framed, i.e., using promotion, prevention and “hybrid” frames, respectively. The study involved 38 semi-structured interviews and content analysis of contract agreements.FindingsFirst, while promotion-framed incentives lead to positive supplier responses and improved relationships, prevention-framed incentives result in negative responses and deteriorating relations. Second, hybrid-framed incentives can lead to productive supplier responses when positiveex anteexpectations are met, although the creation of such positive expectations in the first place depends on the proportionality of bonus and penalty elements. Third, promotion- and hybrid-framed incentives do not by default lead to positive effects, as these are contingent on factors pertaining to contractual clarity. Fourth, the overarching purpose of the contract moderates the effects of contract framing on supplier responses.Research limitations/implicationsThe study contributes to contracting research by showing how the framing of performance incentives influences supplier behavioural and relational responses. It also extends the existing literature on contract framing by examining the effects of hybrid-framed incentives, and stressing that contract framing should be considered in joint with the clarity and overall purpose of the contract to elicit desired supplier behaviours.Practical implicationsManagers of buying firms may differentiate their approach to contract framing depending on the type of supplier relationship in focus. Furthermore, effective design of promotion- and hybrid-framed incentives requires attention to: realistic performance targets (on the short, medium and long term); salient bonuses related to these targets; incentive structures that appropriately balance rewards and risks; and: mechanisms that explicate and consider uncontrollable factors in the calculation of bonus–malus payments.Originality/valueThe paper extends the literature stressing the psychological impact of contracts on buyer–supplier relationships by highlighting that contractual clarity and the overarching purpose of the contract moderate the effects of contract framing on supplier behavioural and relational responses.
Migration governance as place making: South African experiences
Authors: Blaser Mapitsa Caitlin 
Published: February 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to explore the role of migrants in the process of place making, through case studies of migrant engagement with municipal planning in five South African municipalities.

Design/methodology/approach
This study draws on empirical research carried out over two years, using mixed methods research in each municipal case study. Data come from key stakeholder interviews, participant observation, focus groups and demographic data to understand the perceptions and practices of local government officials and migrants within the community.

Findings
This research demonstrated that local government officials are assuming a population that is sedentary and geographically bounded, while migration is actively shaping communities. This mobility provides an opportunity for management practices to become more inclusive and effective.

Originality/value
By examining systems of local governance through the lens of a mobile population, new possibilities emerge about the ways migrant participation can contribute to the definitions of a place.
Command college – foresight as a foundation to police executive development
Authors: Harrison Bob 
Published: February 2019

Purpose
The education of police executives has been a priority of criminal justice agencies for more than 40 years to address the need to professionalize law enforcement in America. Since the 1980s, programs for this purpose have existed, one of which is the California POST Command College. Command College is an academically oriented executive development program intended to “invest in the future” as its students – mid-career police managers – acquire the tools and skills necessary to be promoted to executive positions. This paper aims to answer the question, “Does the Command College achieve its intended goals?”

Design/methodology/approach
A survey instrument was used to obtain perspectives of recent graduates and of those who had graduated from the program more than four years before the survey. An assessment of the frequency of promotions to command and executive roles was completed, and an external academic assessment of the program’s curriculum was completed by a university.

Findings
Support for the program by graduates increased over time, graduates were promoted at a rate of three times higher than baseline averages for police managers and the program’s curriculum was vetted as being equivalent to graduate-level courses at the university level.

Research limitations/implications
As its value is validated through this assessment, others can learn how they might better prepare their police executives for the future. No similar law enforcement program has been similarly assessed, so others may also learn ways to ensure they are achieving their intended outcomes from this example. Given the differences in other law enforcement leadership programs in terms of student selection and specific goals, direct comparisons would be limited, both by the program differences and the research design used by others as they work to validate their success in meeting their goals.

Originality/value
Although law enforcement executive education has existed since 1935, and leadership training programs for the police since 1982, no research has been conducted to validate the outcomes and impact of such programs on the graduates of such programs and their agencies.
Adoption of health information technology in the mobile emergency care service
Authors: Wendland Jonatas , Lunardi Guilherme Lerch , Dolci Décio Bittencourt 
Published: February 2019

Purpose
Health is at the center of society concerns, being characterized by the dilemma of contributing to the population well-being, while demanding high financial investments at the same time. In this sense, information technology (IT) becomes essential for the progress of the sector, directly impacting on how care practices are performed. This study aims to analyze the adoption of mobile devices in the mobile emergency care service (MECS) of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors carried out a multi-method study with an initial qualitative exploration through a focal group, followed by a survey. Potential determinants and impacts of mobile device use on the work context of the MECS teams were identified. Following, we tested the proposed conceptual model applying a questionnaire to 350 professionals from a total of 160 bases throughout the State. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses herein.

Findings
The authors found that Satisfaction with the Use of Mobile PHC (PHC – Primary Health Care) is determined by the application compatibility with MECS work, followed by the performance expectancy with the use of the technology and the technical support provided to the users – acting as important facilitators of this process; while the technological complexity inherent in the use of the technology appears as the main barrier to the success of this technology. Besides, the authors found that both intensity of Use and Satisfaction with the Use of the technology provide different benefits to those involved (teams, patients and the organization).

Research limitations/implications
As limitations of the study, the authors point out to the fact that the data are from a single Brazilian State, and therefore, its results cannot be generalized. Another limitation is that the study considered only the use of a specific mobile technology, which requires caution when using this information in contexts where the health information technology is different, besides the fact that the findings may not be compatible in environments where IT adoption is voluntary.

Practical implications
The study can help managers of public and private organizations in the planning and implementation of different technologies, whether mobile or applied to the health context, as well as in the expansion of their use in their respective institutions.

Social implications
The research contributes to other studies that realize that the adoption of IT can cause relevant changes to health being associated to productivity gains and improvement of the quality of service provided to society through different forms and solutions.

Originality/value
The adoption and use of IT – such as mobile devices – impacts on how care practices are performed in the MECS, providing different benefits to those involved (teams, patients and the organization).
Empirical process model for shrinkage-induced warpage in 3D printing
Authors: Schmutzler Christoph , Stiehl Tobias H. , Zaeh Michael F. 
Published: February 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this work is to explain the emergence of warpage due to a locally and temporally inhomogeneous shrinkage in 3D printing (Binder-Jetting) of polymers.

Design/methodology/approach
An analysis of shrinkage yields parameters for a one-dimensional layer model of the binding process. Based on this, residual stresses and deformation are calculated by means of a numerical simulation model.

Findings
The simulation supports the assumption that the curling of specimens is created by a force transmission between layers due to inhomogeneous shrinkage. Furthermore, the layered production process might contribute to nonlinear deformations of not horizontally orientated surfaces.

Research limitations/implications
The simulation allows imitating the warping during the manufacturing process qualitatively. Exact values of deformations cannot be predicted, yet.

Practical implications
The results expand the knowledge about warpage effects in 3D printing caused by the layer-wise building process.

Originality/value
The developed model imitates the mechanisms leading to deformations during the 3D printing process, focusing on the physical interaction of layers with each other.
CSR as hypocrisy avoidance: a conceptual framework
Authors: Jauernig Johanna , Valentinov Vladislav 
Published: February 2019

PurposeThe theoretical understanding of CSR is caught on the horns of the dilemma between the ethical and instrumental approaches. The strategic turn in CSR has brought the dilemma to a new head. The purpose of this paper is to develop a novel argumentative strategy to address the dilemma.Design/methodology/approachThe paper weaves together the insights from the literatures on sociological institutionalism, organization theory, business ethics and institutional economics to elaborate the distinction between CSR communication and CSR action that is actually undertaken and visible to stakeholders. This distinction is at the core of the “hypocrisy avoidance” approach which puts the above dilemma in a new light.FindingsAccording to the “hypocrisy avoidance” approach, the CSR communication constitutes a competitive arena where corporations are looking for reputational gains. Competitive pressures give rise to an inflationary dynamics of the CSR communication which consequently runs up against credibility problems. These problems are addressed by the real CSR policies which legitimate the corporate employment of the CSR communication as an instrument of competition.Practical implicationsThe theoretical dilemma between the ethical and instrumental approaches manifests itself in the justification of skepticism toward CSR communication. This skepticism, which may be to the detriment of a corporation’s license to operate, may turn out to be a driving force of CSR action.Social implicationsDespite the charges of corporate hypocrisy, CSR communication may play a role in the alleviation of business-society tensions. This role is however subject to two limitations. First, if CSR communication is used as instrument of competition, it is unlikely to translate into CSR action perfectly. Second, corporations would likely prioritize more visible CSR actions over less visible ones.Originality/valueThe novel implication of the “hypocrisy avoidance” approach is that CSR actions present credible commitments or “hostages” enabling the productive interaction between corporations and their stakeholders. This implication integrates some of the components of the ethical and instrumental approaches, while drawing inspiration from the institutional economics and institutional ethics literatures.