bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cariogenicity of a Milk-Based Drink Used as a Dietary Supplement for Older Adults Using a Root Caries Experimental Model
Authors: Castro Ramiro J. , Giacaman Rodrigo A. , Arthur Rodrigo A. , Maltz Marisa 
Published: June 2018

The aim of this study was to evaluate the cariogenicity of a milk-based drink intended for older adults that was used as part of a governmental initiative in Chile to improve their nutritional conditions. This drink contains a high concentration of sugars, which can contribute to root caries development. To test this hypothesis, an experimental biofilm/caries model was used. Dentin slabs were used to grow biofilms of <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> UA159. Slabs/biofilms were exposed 3× per day to bovine milk with different fat content, the milk-based drink, and the milk-based drink supplemented with 10 g of sucrose added per serving. Slabs exposed to 10% sucrose or 0.9% NaCl were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Biofilms were analyzed for bacterial counts and acidogenicity. Dentin demineralization was estimated by the loss of surface microhardness and integrated mineral loss. Results were compared by analysis of variance and Tukey’s test. The milk-based drink showed higher acidogenicity than milk with its entire (whole) or reduced total fat content (skim). The milk-based drink supplemented with ­sucrose had similar acidogenicity as the 10% sucrose positive control (<i>p</i> = 0.506). Whole milk exposure elicited lower bacterial counts than the positive control, the milk-based drink, and the milk-based drink supplemented with sucrose (<i>p</i> = 0.002; 0.006 and 0.014 respectively). Although skim milk induced higher demineralization than whole milk, both milk types produced lower demineralization than the milk-based drink. Regarding integrated mineral loss, demineralization induced by the milk-based drink and the milk-based drink supplemented with sucrose was similar to that induced by the positive control and skim milk (<i>p</i> &#x3e; 0.05). Sugar-containing milk-based drinks used as dietary supplements for older adults may be highly cariogenic and could represent a potential risk for root caries.
<b>Pathological and immunohistochemical studies on hemangiosarcoma in tigers <I>Panthera tigris</I> and lions <I>Panthera Leo</I></b>
Authors: Jayasree N. , Srilatha Ch. , Sailaja N. , Venu R. , Varaprasad W.L.N.V. 
Published: June 2018

Five cases of hemangiosarcoma were documented in three tigers and two lions during post-mortem examinations. Grossly, reddish-black coloured elevated masses were noticed with metastasis to the spleen. In one tiger, an enlarged liver with severe oozing of blood on a cut section was noticed without any elevated masses. In a white tiger, the tumour mass was located near the abdominal region. Histopathological features revealed the presence of immature plump endothelial cells forming blood filled irregular vascular spaces. Immunohistochemically, strong immunoreactivity in the cytoplasm of neoplastic endothelial cells with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was noticed. No positive reaction was noticed with the proliferative markers, i.e., Ki67 and p53, indicating VEGF is the appropriate marker to diagnose hemangiosarcoma.
<b>Do Black-naped Hares <I>Lepus nigricollis</I> (Mammalia: Lagomorpha: Leporidae) have synanthropic association with wind farms?</b>
Authors: Anoop V. , Arun P.R. , Jaypal Rajah 
Published: June 2018

Wind energy is an upcoming major source of clean energy. The unprecedented proliferation of wind farms across landscapes has raised concerns on the environmental impacts. Generally reported direct impacts of wind farms include collision of birds and bats with turbines, habitat alterations, noise pollution from the turbines, aesthetic impact on landscapes and displacement of faunal species. Here we report our preliminary results indicating an apparent positive association of Indian Hares Lepus nigricollis with a wind farm in a scrub forest area. This study was conducted at Harada Reserve Forest near Harapanahalli of Davangere District, Karnataka, India. The pellet count method was used for comparing the abundance of the species between areas. The abundance of Indian Hares in wind farm area was significantly higher than in the surrounding forest area without turbines. The factors that might be affecting this pattern of preferential use of wind farm area by the Indian Hare are discussed and the scope for further studies also highlighted.
<b>An annotated checklist of the birds of upper Chenab catchment, Jammu & Kashmir, India</b>
Authors: Sharma Neeraj , Rana Suresh Kumar , Raina Pankaj , Amir Raja , Kichloo Muzaffar Ahmed 
Published: June 2018

Watershed avifaunal inventories are useful in devising management strategies appropriate to the habitat, as well as species conservation. The Chenab River basin forms one of the largest and most important river basins in Jammu & Kashmir. The upper Chenab catchment offers a rich and diverse fauna, especially birds, owing to variety of habitats, different climatic regimes, and a wide range of altitude,. We present an avifaunal list of four watersheds—Bhot, Marusudar, Kalnai and Neeru of the Chenab River basin including Kishtwar Town and the surrounding area of the upper Chenab catchment over an elevation range of 820–4,500 m. The list includes 251 species belonging to 60 families and 150 genera of which six are globally threatened, 127 residents, 124 migrants and three new to the state. The paper also describes species-wise habitat occupancy, feeding behaviour, migratory status and abundance of the avifauna. The study reveals that mosaic habitats comprising forests, riverbeds, rangelands and rocky outcrops are crucial for the conservation of birds in the region.
<b>Association of grassland birds with Saccharum-Imperata patch in a northeastern tea estate of Bangladesh</b>
Authors: Akash Muntasir , Khan Tania , Chowdhury Sayam U. 
Published: June 2018

Saccharum-Imperata grasslands in Bangladesh were once directly associated with 10 native extirpated birds and still harbor many diminutives. These habitats are now pocketed only in northeastern regions of the country due to intensive conversion, overstocked grazing and fire suppression. After a hiatus of about four decades, composition and interaction of grassland specialist birds within a managed habitat of a tea estate was studied between November 2015 and May 2016 at micro-habitat scale using line transects, diversity indices, Bray-Curtis cluster analysis and linear mixed models. Including 819 individuals of 39 grassland specialists, a total of 2,586 individuals of 110 species were recorded. The analyses indicated the landscape to have a significant effect on species richness. Of six micro-habitats, the area along the creek and dense tall grasses are important habitats for grassland specialists. The latter ranked top in Shannon’s index (H′) for specialists (33 species, H′ = 2.988) followed by micro-habitats along the creek (18, 2.592) and sparse short grass (16, 2.401), comparing marked difference with micro-habitats of sparse grass along the road (21, H′=2.279), bush associated (11, 2.206) and crop associated areas (11, 2.124). The effect of slash-and-burn was stark on specialists, no significant association was found with grazing. This has been surmised as relationship among specialists’ ecology, long-term treatment effect and unpalatable nature of Saccharum ravennae as fodder. Based on the hypothesis, the study emphasizes exigencies of a potential management strategy for avian habitats within tea estates of Bangladesh.
<b>Mapping the conflict of raptor conservation and recreational shooting in the Batumi Bottleneck, Republic of Georgia</b>
Authors: Sándor Anna , Anthony Brandon P. 
Published: June 2018

Illegal use of natural resources threatens biodiversity and often leads to conservation conflicts between affected parties. Such a conflict is emerging in the Batumi Bottleneck in the Republic of Georgia, where every autumn more than one million migrating birds of prey funnel above a handful of villages, and where thousands of these birds fall victim to illegal shooting. As a first step towards resolving this conflict, utilizing semi-structured interviews, we map the goals and opinions of relevant stakeholders associated with raptor migration in the bottleneck. Our results show that most stakeholders, except some local hunters, are on common ground considering the shooting unacceptable, but articulate different preferences concerning a solution, which hinged on institutional and enforcement issues. The hunters expressed a wide spectrum of responses concerning their involvement and motivation in raptor shooting, the role and importance of hunting in their lives, and preferred mitigation actions. The most urgent issues to be addressed via conservation actions are the wide-scale lack of awareness of the conflict, the potential loss of species, and the risk of conflict escalation.
<b>New Lycaenid butterfly records from Jammu & Kashmir, India</b>
Authors: Sharma Shakha , Sharma Neeraj 
Published: June 2018

The butterfly surveys were conducted across different regions of Jammu province right from southern alluvial plains of Chenab and Ravi to Great Himalayas through Shiwaliks and Pir-Panjal mountains during June 2016 to February 2018. The areas covered included Kalidhar and Dalhori forests, district Rajouri (west), Mansar-Surinsar-Manwal range, districts Jammu, Samba and Udhampur (south), Mansar-Manwal, Billawar-Basoholi-Bani, district Kathua (east), Bhaderwah, district Doda (north), and Paddar in district Kishtwar (northeast) within an elevational range of 320 m to 3200 m (Fig. 1). During the explorations, we observed eight Lycaenid butterfly species previously not recorded from the state of Jammu and Kashmir.
<b>Macrofungus <I>Nitschkia macrospora</I> Teng (Ascomycetes: Nitschkiaceae), a new report to India</b>
Authors: Patel K.J. Nandan , Krishnappa M. , Krishna V. 
Published: June 2018

In the present investigation, an interesting lignicolous ascomycetes belonging to the family Nitschkiaceae, having small stroma in clusters, attached weakly to the substratum, was collected. Based on the morphology and anatomical features, the fungus was identified as Nitschkia macrospora Teng.
<b>Fish fauna of Nandur-Madhmeshwar wetland, Maharashtra, India</b>
Authors: Wagh Prashant , Kurhade Sudhakar , Jadhav Shrikant , Jaiswal Deepa 
Published: June 2018

Freshwater fish fauna of Nandur-Madhmeshwar wetland was studied during the period 2010–2012. A total of 39 species of freshwater fish belonging to 14 families and 30 genera were recorded. Out of the 39 species, 21 species are reported for the first time from this wetland, which includes Mystus malabaricus, an endemic species of the Western Ghats. The fish fauna of the wetland is threatened due to invasive alien species as well as anthropogenic activities such as overfishing, sand mining, siltation, and organic and inorganic pollution. As a result, urgent implementations of stringent conservation measures are essential.
Minimally Invasive Implantation of a Micropacemaker Into the Pericardial Space
Authors: Bar-Cohen Yaniv , Silka Michael J. , Hill Allison C. , Pruetz Jay D. , Chmait Ramen H. , Zhou Li , Rabin Sara M. , Norekyan Viktoria , Loeb Gerald E. 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Permanent cardiac pacemakers require invasive procedures with complications often related to long pacemaker leads. We are developing a percutaneous pacemaker for implantation of an entire pacing system into the pericardial space.

Methods:
Percutaneous micropacemaker implantations were performed in 6 pigs (27.4–34.1 kg) using subxyphoid access to the pericardial space. Modifications in the implantation methods and hardware were made after each experiment as the insertion method was optimized. In the first 5 animals, nonfunctional pacemaker devices were studied. In the final animal, a functional pacemaker was implanted.

Results:
Successful placement of the entire nonfunctional pacing system into the pericardial space was demonstrated in 2 of the first 5 animals, and successful implantation and capture was achieved using a functional system in the last animal. A sheath was developed that allows retractable features to secure positioning within the pericardial space. In addition, a miniaturized camera with fiberoptic illumination allowed visualization of the implantation site before electrode insertion into myocardium. All animals studied during follow-up survived without symptoms after the initial postoperative period.

Conclusions:
A novel micropacemaker system allows cardiac pacing without entering the vascular space or surgical exposure of the heart. This pericardial pacemaker system may be an option for a large number of patients currently requiring transvenous pacemakers but is particularly relevant for patients with restricted vascular access, young children, or those with congenital heart disease who require epicardial access.
Newer-Generation Ultrathin Strut Drug-Eluting Stents Versus Older Second-Generation Thicker Strut Drug-Eluting Stents for Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Bangalore Sripal , Toklu Bora , Patel Neil , Feit Frederick , Stone Gregg W. 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Contemporary second-generation drug-eluting stents (DES) have superior efficacy and safety in comparison with early-generation stents in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, in part, related to their thinner struts. Whether newer-generation ultrathin DES further improve clinical outcomes in comparison with older second-generation thicker strut DES is unknown.

Methods:
We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for randomized clinical trials that compared newer-generation ultrathin strut DES (defined as strut thickness <70 µm) versus thicker strut second-generation DES and reported clinical outcomes. The primary outcome was target lesion failure (composite of cardiovascular death, target vessel myocardial infarction or ischemia-driven target lesion revascularization) evaluated at 1-year follow-up. Tests for subgroup effects based on the ultrathin strut DES type and the comparator DES type were performed by using meta-regression analysis.

Results:

We identified 10 trials that randomly assigned 11 658 patients and evaluated 3 newer-generation ultrathin strut DES: Orsiro stent (60 μm), MiStent (64 μm), and BioMime (65 µm). In comparison with thicker strut second-generation DES, newer-generation ultrathin strut DES were associated with a 16% reduction in target lesion failure (relative risk, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.72–0.99) driven by less myocardial infarction (relative risk, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.65–0.99). Ultrathin strut DES were also associated with qualitatively lower rates of any stent thrombosis (relative risk, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.51–1.01). Tests for subgroup effects based on the ultrathin strut DES type (
P
=0.58) and the comparator DES type (
P
=0.98) were not significant, suggesting consistent outcomes across the 3 ultrathin strut DES and with the different DES comparators.

Conclusions:
In patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, newer-generation ultrathin strut DES further improve 1-year clinical outcomes in comparison with contemporary thicker strut second-generation DES.
Carboxyl‐Terminal Modulator Protein Ameliorates Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy by Suppressing the Protein Kinase B Signaling Pathway
Authors: Liu Xiaoxiong , Yang Qin , Zhu Li‐Hua , Liu Jia , Deng Ke‐Qiong , Zhu Xue‐Yong , Liu Ye , Gong Jun , Zhang Peng , Li Shuyan , Xia Hao , She Zhi‐Gang 
Published: June 2018

Background

Carboxyl‐terminal modulator protein (
CTMP
) has been implicated in cancer, brain injury, and obesity. However, the role of
CTMP
in pathological cardiac hypertrophy has not been identified.

Methods and Results

In this study, decreased expression of
CTMP
was observed in both human failing hearts and murine hypertrophied hearts. To further explore the potential involvement of
CTMP
in pathological cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac‐specific
CTMP
knockout and overexpression mice were generated. In vivo experiments revealed that
CTMP
deficiency exacerbated the cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and function induced by pressure overload, whereas
CTMP
overexpression alleviated the response to hypertrophic stimuli. Consistent with the in vivo results, adenovirus‐mediated gain‐of‐function or loss‐of‐function experiments showed that
CTMP
also exerted a protective effect against hypertrophic responses to angiotensin
II
in vitro. Mechanistically,
CTMP
ameliorated pathological cardiac hypertrophy through the blockade of the protein kinase B signaling pathway. Moreover, inhibition of protein kinase B activation with
LY
294002 rescued the deteriorated effect in aortic banding–treated cardiac‐specific
CTMP
knockout mice.

Conclusions

Taken together, these findings imply, for the first time, that increasing the cardiac expression of
CTMP
may be a novel therapeutic strategy for pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
Inhibition of MicroRNA‐155 Supports Endothelial Tight Junction Integrity Following Oxygen‐Glucose Deprivation
Authors: Pena‐Philippides Juan Carlos , Gardiner Amy Sabrina , Caballero‐Garrido Ernesto , Pan Rong , Zhu Yiliang , Roitbak Tamara 
Published: June 2018

Background

Brain microvascular endothelial cells form a highly selective blood brain barrier regulated by the endothelial tight junctions. Cerebral ischemia selectively targets tight junction protein complexes, which leads to significant damage to cerebral microvasculature. Short noncoding molecules called micro
RNA
s are implicated in the regulation of various pathological states, including endothelial barrier dysfunction. In the present study, we investigated the influence of micro
RNA‐155
(miR‐155) on the barrier characteristics of human primary brain microvascular endothelial cells (
HBMEC
s).

Methods and Results

Oxygen‐glucose deprivation was used as an in vitro model of ischemic stroke.
HBMEC
s were subjected to 3 hours of oxygen‐glucose deprivation, followed by transfections with miR‐155 inhibitor, mimic, or appropriate control oligonucleotides. Intact normoxia control
HBMEC
s and 4 oxygen‐glucose deprivation–treated groups of cells transfected with appropriate nucleotide were subjected to endothelial monolayer electrical resistance and permeability assays, cell viability assay, assessment of NO and human cytokine/chemokine release, immunofluorescence microscopy, Western blot, and polymerase chain reaction analyses. Assessment of endothelial resistance and permeability demonstrated that miR‐155 inhibition improved
HBMEC
s monolayer integrity. In addition, miR‐155 inhibition significantly increased the levels of major tight junction proteins claudin‐1 and zonula occludens protein‐1, while its overexpression reduced these levels. Immunoprecipitation and colocalization analyses detected that miR‐155 inhibition supported the association between zonula occludens protein‐1 and claudin‐1 and their stabilization at the
HBMEC
membrane. Luciferase reporter assay verified that claudin‐1 is directly targeted by miR‐155.

Conclusions
Based on these results, we conclude that miR‐155 inhibition–induced strengthening of endothelial tight junctions after oxygen‐glucose deprivation is mediated via its direct target protein claudin‐1.
Introduction to Hélio Oiticica's “The Senses Pointing
Toward a New Transformation” (1969)
Authors: Melvin Jo , Skrebowski Luke 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Hélio Oiticica's “The Senses Pointing Towards a New Transformation” was written between June 18 and June 25, 1969, in London and submitted to the British art magazine Studio International, but never appeared in print. The essay negotiates art after objecthood and contextualises Oiticica's project to effect a definitive radicalization of anti-art, one that the artist held to be necessary in light of the impasse reached by the longstanding conflict between formalist art and its various neo-avant-garde negations (both within the Brazilian and the international neo-avant-gardes). For Oiticica, after both Neoconcretism and Minimalism, it was now the process of art making itself that had to be rethought. Oiticica did so by developing what he called “crebehavior,” a practice that revealed the routinized character of everyday life and proposed an immanent transformation of the same via a change in everyday behavioral patterns. Such a transformation opened up the possibility of bringing about “creleisure,” a condition that Oiticica understood to involve both the realization and the dissolution of art.
You are what, where, and when you eat: seasonal and ontogenetic changes in a tropical tadpole’s diet
Authors: Kloh Jéssica S. , Figueredo Cleber C. , Eterovick Paula C. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Tadpole diet is likely to vary in response to environmental conditions and nutritional needs throughout growth and development. We investigated seasonal variation in diet composition of Bokermannohyla saxicola tadpoles and compared diets between two developmental stages with a significant difference in size. We found that the diet of B. saxicola tadpoles was dominated by periphytic algae, in accordance with their benthic habits. Considering number of cells ingested, tadpole trophic niches were broader in more advanced developmental stages. Tadpole trophic niches were narrower during the summer (wet season) than during the winter (dry season), which may reflect increased consumption of more energetic food items during the warm period when primary productivity is expected to be higher. Tadpole metabolism is likely to be higher in the summer and increased energetic needs might be supplied in this manner. However, results differed when biovolume was considered instead of number of cells ingested, with larger items assuming a greater importance and niches being usually larger in the summer. In these cases, the increased ingestion of diatoms (likely to be more nutritive) in the summer may decrease the relative importance of large algae (e.g., Mougeotia sp.) that form the bulk of the diet. Both food availability/accessibility and tadpole feeding behaviour driven by nutritional needs may influence patterns of food acquisition. Given the importance of biofilms to tadpole diet, studies on the mechanisms by which tadpole nutritional needs and environmental conditions interact are likely to provide important insights into the dynamics of aquatic food webs.
Fatigue Among Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Implications for Self-Management: An Integrative Review
Authors: Griggs Stephanie , Morris Nancy S. 
Published: June 2018

Purpose The aim of this review was to integrate empirical and theoretical literature on fatigue among adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). A methodological review using an integrative approach was used. Databases MEDLINE via Pubmed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Science Direct were searched for peer-reviewed articles published in English from 2007-2017, using the following search terms and Boolean operators: “Type 1 Diabetes” and “Fatigue.” Of 199 articles initially retrieved, 14 were chosen for inclusion. These articles included 13 quantitative (7 cross-sectional, 2 cohort, 2 secondary data analyses, 2 experimental) and 1 qualitative phenomenology. Fatigue was identified as one of the most troublesome symptoms reported in persons with T1DM. Four main themes emerged: fatigue in T1DM is multidimensional and related to psychological, physiological, situational, and sociodemographic factors. Conclusions Fatigue is considered a classic symptom of hyperglycemia; however, there were minimal data to support the theory that fatigue is related to hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia. Studies on fatigue among persons with T1DM are limited to small samples and cross-sectional designs with few randomized controlled trials addressing fatigue and diabetes-related symptoms. Evidence is conflicting regarding the onset of fatigue among persons with T1DM and the relationship between fatigue and diabetes duration. The prevalence of fatigue is likely influenced by disease physiology, psychological stress, and lifestyle factors, but more research is needed to confirm these relationships as causal inference is unclear.