bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement of innovation resource allocation efficiency in civil–military integration enterprises
Authors: Wang Zilong , Zhang Zhiwen , Jhony Ng Choon Yeong 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
As a transition economy, China is interested in allocating its limited innovation resources economically, reasonably and efficiently to produce as many outputs as possible with its limited financial and human resources. Nonetheless, what is the efficiency of the allocation of innovative resources for civil–military integration enterprises, and what factors hinder its efficiency improvement? The purpose of this paper is to explore these problems.

Design/methodology/approach
The improved two-stage network data envelopment analysis (DEA) method is used to measure the overall efficiency and stage efficiency of the innovation resource allocation of 58 Chinese civil–military integration listed companies from 2010 to 2016. Tobit model is used to analyze the influencing factors of resource allocation efficiency.

Findings
The results indicate that the overall efficiency and stage efficiency of innovation resource allocation fluctuate in varying degrees during the period. The optimization of overall efficiency is restricted by lower efficiency of innovation achievement transformation. Enterprise scale was found to have a significant negative impact on both overall and two-stage efficiencies. Proportion of research and development (R&D) personnel had a positive effect on the overall and two-stage efficiency. Government support had a significant positive effect on the stage of innovation resource development and overall efficiency.

Originality/value
Previous research studies have used either the DEA or stochastic frontier analysis method to measure the efficiency of innovation activities as a whole and ignored the stage of initial investment to final output in innovation activities. That is, the process in which initial input of R&D resources becomes innovation output, and then becomes economic benefits. Therefore, this paper studies the efficiency of innovation resource allocation of civil–military integration listed companies. The improved two-stage chain network DEA method and Tobit model were used.
Identifying the optimal initial adopters and adoption paths of the internet-based intangible network goods
Authors: Wang Li , Zhang Qingpu 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
Internet-based intangible network good (IING) has undergone rapid developments, even revolutionized multiple industries in recent years. IING is highly dependent on the rapid diffusion rates for development success. For firms, how to select the initial targets or “seeding points” to accelerate the adoption process is critical in network marketing campaigns. The purpose of this study is to provide a new method to identify the optimal initial adopters and adoption paths.

Design/methodology/approach
First, the author generalize three aspects influencing IING’s adoption, namely, innovation attributes, customer’s personality and word-of-mouth. Next, we establish a modified gravity model to describe how social interactions affect consumer’s adoption behavior. Then, simulate the adoption process by setting each agent as the initial adopter to identify the optimal initial adopters. Finally, trace the information flow to forecast the adoption paths.

Findings
The model reveals how individual interactions (micro level) aggregate into the diffusion process (macro level). The optimal initial adopters are determined by a combination of factors as follows: IING’s attributes, the adopter’s diffusion ability, the potential-adopter’s personality and the trust degree between adopters and potential-adopters. Among all these factors, trust degree plays a most important role.

Originality/value
This study proposes the conceptual model of IING’s adoption from a perspective of dyadic influence, in which an adopter’s influence on its peers depends on pairwise characteristics of both parties. The authors propose a new method to identify the optimal initial adopters and adoption paths based on the gravity model. It is the first time to introduce the gravity model to describe IING’s adoption, which is a creative application of social physics. The findings provide new insights in IING’s adoption and identifying the key nodes in networks.
Understanding joint bids for international large-scale sport events as strategic alliances
Authors: Byun Jinsu , Leopkey Becca , Ellis Dana 
Published: June 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a theoretical analysis that examines joint bids that unite multiple cities or nations in a bid for hosting international large-scale sport events from the perspective of strategic alliances.Design/methodology/approachUsing previous strategic alliance research and examples of joint sport event bids, this study discusses how joint event bids can be understood as strategic alliances.FindingsMotivations of bidders and driving forces behind the formation of joint bids are identified and analyzed. By integrating theories used in the area of strategic alliances, this study provides an agenda for moving research on joint bids forward as the practice continues to expand.Originality/valueAs a conceptual paper, the findings of this study can be a starting point for future research not only on joint bids but also on inter-organizational relationships in the context of sport event bidding.
Performance simulation and testing of capacitive micro-machined ultrasonic transducer
Authors: Zhang Rui , Zhao Lei , Xie Dan , Song Jinlong , Zhang Wendong , Pan Lihu , Zhang Yanhua 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
This study aims to simulate and test the performance of a transmitting and receiving capacitive micro-machined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT). Aimed at detecting demand of the CMUT, a matched integrated adjustment circuit was designed through analyzing processing methods of transducer’s weak echo signal.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on the analysis of CMUT array structure and work principle, the CMUT units are designed and the dynamic performance analysis of SIMULINK is given according to the demand of underwater detecting. A transceiver isolation circuit is used to make transmission mode and receiving mode separate. A detection circuit is designed based on the transimpedance amplifier to achieve extraction of high-frequency and weak signal.

Findings
Through experimentation, the effectiveness of the CMUT performance simulation and the transceiver integrated adjustment circuit were verified. In addition, the test showed that CMUT with 400 kHz frequency has wider bandwidth and better dynamic characteristics than other similar transducers.

Originality/value
This paper provides a theoretical basis and design reference for the development and application of CMUT technology.
Technological, Regulatory, and Ethical Aspects of In Vitro Meat: A Future Slaughter‐Free Harvest
Authors: Bhat Zuhaib F. , Morton James D. , Mason Susan L. , Bekhit Alaa El‐Din A. , Bhat Hina F. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDefined as meat cultured in a laboratory within a bioreactor under controlled artificial conditions, in vitro meat is a relatively recent area that has opened a whole universe of possibilities and opportunities for the meat sector. With improved chemical and microbial safety and varied options, in vitro meat has been proposed as a green, healthy, environmentally friendly, and nutritionally better product that is free from animal suffering and death. Cell culture and tissue culture are the most probable technologies for the development of this futuristic muscle product. However, there are many challenges in the production of a suitable product at an industrial scale under a sustainable production system and a great body of research is required to fill the gaps in our knowledge. Many materials used in the product development are novel and untested within the food industry and demand urgent regulatory and safety assessment systems capable of managing any risks associated with the development of cultured meat. The future of this product will depend on the actions of governments and regulatory agencies. This article highlights emerging biotechnological options for the development of cultured meat and suggests ways to integrate these emerging technologies into meat research. It considers the problems and possibilities of developing cultured meat, opportunities, ethical issues as well as emerging safety and regulatory issues in this area.
Toxic effects of 12 pesticides on green lacewing,Chrysoperla nipponensis(Okamoto) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)
Authors: Ham Eun Hye , Lee Jun Seok , Jang Mi Yeon , Park Jong Kyun 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this study, we formulated pesticides from 12 products, namely machine oil EC, imidacloprid WP, thiamethoxam WP, acetamiprid WP, methidathion EC, acequinocyl WP, clothianidin WP, deltamethrin EC, mancozeb WP, benomyl WP, difenoconazole WP, and bitertanol WP. These 12 pesticides were selected to determine their toxicity to green lacewing,Chrysoperla nipponensis,at the maximum field recommended dosage under laboratory conditions. Machine oil EC had extremely detrimental effects on eggs ofC. nipponensis,resulting in 99% mortality (categorized as Class IV) when eggs were treated with machine oil EC by dipping. Mean larval corrected mortalities (%) for methidathion EC and deltamethrin EC were 62.5% (categorized as Class II) and 87.5% (categorized as Class III) respectively, when larvae were topically treated. As a result of dipping treatments of pupae with pesticides, machine oil EC and thiamethoxam WP were classified as slightly harmful (categorized as Class II). Methidathion EC showed high toxicity, resulting in a total effect index rate 100% (categorized as Class IV). Taxonomical notes of the genusChrysoperlaandC. nipponensisare reviewed here.
Heroin delay discounting and impulsivity: Modulation by DRD1 genetic variation
Authors: Moses Tabitha E.H. , Burmeister Margit , Greenwald Mark K. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundDopamine D1 receptors (encoded by DRD1) are implicated in drug addiction and high‐risk behaviors. Delay discounting (DD) procedures measure decisional balance between choosing smaller/sooner rewards vs larger/later rewards. Individuals with higher DD (rapid discounting) are prone to maladaptive behaviors that provide immediate reinforcement (eg, substance use). DRD1 variants have been linked with increased DD (in healthy volunteers) and opioid abuse. This study determined whether four dopaminergic functional variants modulated heroin DD and impulsivity.MethodsSubstance use, DD, and genotype data (DRD1 rs686 and rs5326, DRD3 rs6280, COMT rs4680) were obtained from 106 current heroin users. Subjects completed an array of DD choices during two imagined conditions: heroin satiation and withdrawal. Rewards were expressed as $10 heroin bag units, with maximum delayed amount of 30 bags. Delays progressively increased from 3 to 96 hours.ResultsDRD1 rs686 (A/A, n = 25; G/A, n = 56; G/G, n = 25) was linearly related to the difference in heroin DD (area under the curve; AUC) between the heroin satiation and withdrawal conditions; specifically, G/G homozygotes had a significantly smaller (satiation minus withdrawal) AUC difference score had higher drug‐use impulsivity questionnaire scores, relative to A/A homozygotes, with G/A intermediate. DRD3 and COMT variants were not associated with these DD and impulsivity outcomes.ConclusionDRD1 rs686 modulated the difference in heroin DD score between pharmacological states and was associated with drug‐use impulsivity. These data support a role of DRD1 in opioid DD and impulsive behaviors.
The exposome in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Stefanovic Nicholas , Flohr Carsten , Irvine Alan D. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a complex inflammatory disorder with multiple interactions between genetic, immune and external factors. The sum of external factors that an individual is exposed to throughout their lifetime is termed the exposome. The exposome spans multiple domains from population to molecular levels and, in combination with genetic factors, holds the key to understanding the phenotypic diversity seen in AD patients. Exposomal domains are categorized into nonspecific (human and natural factors affecting populations), specific (eg humidity, ultraviolet radiation, diet, pollution, allergens, water hardness) and internal (cutaneous and gut microbiota and host cell interaction) exposures. The skin, as the organ that most directly interacts with and adapts to the external environment, is a prime target for exploration of exposomal influences on disease. Given the well‐recognized physical environmental influences on AD, this condition could be much better understood through insightful exposomal research. In this narrative review, we examine each domain in turn, highlighting current understanding of the mechanisms by which exposomal influences modulate AD pathogenesis at distinct points in time. We highlight current approaches to exposome modification in AD and other allergic disease and propose future directions for exposome characterization and modification using novel research techniques.
Brain iron transport
Authors: Qian Zhong‐Ming , Ke Ya 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTBrain iron is a crucial participant and regulator of normal physiological activity. However, excess iron is involved in the formation of free radicals, and has been associated with oxidative damage to neuronal and other brain cells. Abnormally high brain iron levels have been observed in various neurodegenerative diseases, including neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. However, the key question of why iron levels increase in the relevant regions of the brain remains to be answered. A full understanding of the homeostatic mechanisms involved in brain iron transport and metabolism is therefore critical not only for elucidating the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for excess iron accumulation in the brain but also for developing pharmacological interventions to disrupt the chain of pathological events occurring in these neurodegenerative diseases. Numerous studies have been conducted, but to date no effort to synthesize these studies and ideas into a systematic and coherent summary has been made, especially concerning iron transport across the luminal (apical) membrane of the capillary endothelium and the membranes of different brain cell types. Herein, we review key findings on brain iron transport, highlighting the mechanisms involved in iron transport across the luminal (apical) as well as the abluminal (basal) membrane of the blood–brain barrier, the blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier, and iron uptake and release in neurons, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and microglia within the brain. We offer suggestions for addressing the many important gaps in our understanding of this important topic, and provide new insights into the potential causes of abnormally increased iron levels in regions of the brain in neurodegenerative disorders.
Experimental colitis in IL-10-deficient mice ameliorates in the absence of PTPN22
Authors: Jofra T , Galvani G , Cosorich I , De Giorgi L , Annoni A , Vecchione A , Sorini C , Falcone M , Fousteri G 
Published: June 2019

Summary
Interleukin (IL)-10 plays a key role in controlling intestinal inflammation. IL-10-deficient mice and patients with mutations in IL-10 or its receptor, IL-10R, show increased susceptibility to inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22) controls immune cell activation and the equilibrium between regulatory and effector T cells, playing an important role in controlling immune homoeostasis of the gut. Here, we examined the role of PTPN22 in intestinal inflammation of IL-10-deficient (IL-10–/–) mice. We crossed IL-10–/– mice with PTPN22–/– mice to generate PTPN22–/–IL-10–/– double knock-out mice and induced colitis with dextran sodium sulphate (DSS). In line with previous reports, DSS-induced acute and chronic colitis was exacerbated in IL-10–/– mice compared to wild-type (WT) controls. However, PTPN22–/–IL-10–/– double knock-out mice developed milder disease compared to IL-10–/– mice. IL-17-promoting innate cytokines and T helper type 17 (Th17) cells were markedly increased in PTPN22–/–IL-10–/– mice, but did not provide a protctive function. CXCL1/KC was also increased in PTPN22–/–IL-10–/– mice, but therapeutic injection of CXCL1/KC in IL-10–/– mice did not ameliorate colitis. These results show that PTPN22 promotes intestinal inflammation in IL-10-deficient mice, suggesting that therapeutic targeting of PTPN22 might be beneficial in patients with IBD and mutations in IL-10 and IL-10R.
Helminthosporiella stilbacea associated with African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) in Brazil
Authors: Rosado André Wilson Campos , de Jesus Boari Alessandra , Custódio Fábio Alex , Quadros Ayane Fernanda Ferreira , Batista Izabel Cristina Alves , Pereira Olinto Liparini 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAfrican oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is considered the most productive oleaginous crop due to its high oil production per hectare. In April 2015, E. guineensis leaves showing elliptical necrotic spots with yellowish halo were observed in a commercial plantation in Moju, Pará state, Brazil. A synematous fungus was consistently observed associated with the necrotic spots. The aim of this study was to identify this fungus associated with E. guineensis in Brazil. Based on morphology and DNA sequence data of the internal transcribed spacer rDNA, the fungus was identified as Helminthosporiella stilbacea. Helmintosporiella stilbacea has been reported associated with leaf spots on E. guineensis in Africa, Ghana, Sudan and Zambia. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of H. stilbacea associated with E. guineensis in Brazil.
Effects of partial root‐zone irrigation and nitrogen forms on the movement of nitrate in deep subsoil and its utilization by tomato plants
Authors: Wang Chunhui , Shu Liangzuo , Yu Hongmei , Zhu Pengfei , Tang Junhong , Zhou Qingwei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe fate of residual nitrogen (N) in specific soil layers under partial root‐zone irrigation (PRI) and fertilized with different N forms was studied using a soil column experiment with 15N‐labelled N (K15NO3) applied to 110‐cm‐deep soil layers. We found that alternate PRI (APRI) saved 34.3% more irrigation water but only decreased yield by an average of 6.2%, whereas fixed PRI (FPRI) and deficit irrigation (DI) reduced fruit yield by an average of 25.5 and 35.0%, respectively, compared to conventional sufficient irrigation (CI). Using the same irrigation mode, nitrate‐N application significantly promoted 15N‐utilization by the tomato fruit and crops for all irrigation modes. Compared to ammonium‐N application, nitrate‐N application increased the recovery rate of 15N‐labelled N in plants by 30.6% under CI, 14.3% under APRI, 22.8% under FPRI, and 10.6% under DI. The 15N accumulation peak was found at a depth of 40–60 cm, corresponding to an upward 15N migration distance of 65 cm for all treatments. However, a significant difference in the amount of residual N in the crop root zone (0–100 cm) was observed between CI and the other irrigation methods.Highlights

Effects of PRI on the fate of residual nitrate studied with the15N tracer technique and simulated soil column.
APRI could save 34.3% irrigation water without significant effects on tomato yield.
Nitrate‐N application significantly promoted the growth of tomato.
The residual nitrate in deep subsoil mainly moved upward under all irrigation modes.
FROM VAGUE SYMBOLS TO CONTESTED CONCEPTS: PEIRCE, W. B. GALLIE, AND HISTORY
Authors: VIOLA TULLIO 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThis article explores Walter Bryce Gallie's notion of “essentially contested concepts” from a viewpoint that has hitherto been neglected, namely its relation to the philosophy of Charles S. Peirce. As a matter of fact, Gallie was an authoritative reader of the American philosopher. All areas of his work are influenced by his attempt to take up and further articulate a major insight of Peirce's semiotics, namely the idea that symbols are inherently vague, and that their meaning is in a state of perpetual growth. At the same time, Gallie rejected another crucial tenet of Peirce's philosophy, that is, the idea that the growth of signs is regulated by the possibility of a final agreement among sign‐users. Examining this ambivalent relation between the two authors will help us shed light on a question that was of crucial importance for Gallie: to what extent should we let our appreciation of concepts or beliefs depend on a historical examination of their meaning?
IF: COUNTERFACTUAL AND CONDITIONAL HISTORIOGRAPHY
Authors: Hughes‐Warrington Marnie 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTConditionals are a feature of historiography. Despite this, historiographical research is focused predominantly on one kind of conditional, counterfactuals. New trans‐Atlantic contributions to this research by Catherine Gallagher and Richard J. Evans highlight the rich history of counterfactuals in Western thought, and their use by individuals and groups to imagine a present and a future that addresses regrets about the present. Their intimation of a flattening out of history through counterfactual nostalgia is not supported by the artistic expression of Tacita Dean, and new contributions to the philosophy of conditionals, building relations, and causal relations by Karen Bennett and Anthony Kwame Appiah. This review teases out the layered, causally tainted, and metaphysically agnostic world posited by Karen Bennett and conjoins it with David Lewis's reflections on possible worlds to suggest that conditional and counterfactual operators in historiography are building restrictors. This takes us away from Niall Ferguson's argument for the use of counterfactuals as a recognition of the underdetermination of history, and reminds us of the need to—as Appiah argues so succinctly—understand the pervasive role that idealizations play in helping us to manage the world and ourselves. The review rounds out by highlighting the computational implications of our conditional world, inviting historians to be at the table as fairness is debated and coded. In this way, the gap in research on the ethical need for historiographical conditionals in the twenty‐first century is highlighted.
EXPERIENCE AND HISTORY: THE REACH AND LIMITS OF PHENOMENOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO HISTORY
Authors: Grethlein Jonas 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTExperience and History: Phenomenological Perspectives on the Historical World presents the summa of David Carr's phenomenological approach to history. I acknowledge the value of this perspective, but I find it doubtful that a phenomenological account can replace the paradigms of memory and representation against which Carr pits it. The concept of historicity is, rather, complementary in that it alerts us to the prethematic presence of history. Phenomenologically, Carr's attempt to tie history closely to experience runs into problems as it is based on a questionable use of Husserl's notion of retention and risks blurring the distinct temporality of history. At the same time, the central concepts of Carr's approach, both experience and narrative, could be deployed in further ways. As literary scholars have come to emphasize, narrative triggers experiences in its readers. Thus, even if it is impossible to recreate the experiences of historical protagonists, narrative lends itself to giving readers a sense of the experiential dimension of the past. In this sense, narrative is not only a medium of representation, but also a means of presence.