bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Care and consequences of traumatic brain injury in Neolithic Sweden: A case study of ante mortem skull trauma and brain injury addressed through the bioarchaeology of care
Authors: Tornberg Anna , Jacobsson Lars 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA number of papers have provided insight into frequencies of violence‐related trauma, especially skull trauma, in Northern European skeletal assemblages dating to the Neolithic and Bronze Age. Although the cases are often well described, they lack further discussion about the consequences of skull trauma for the injured individual and the implications for the surrounding society, especially considering severe skull trauma leading to traumatic brain injuries. In this paper, we address questions of trauma and care for one individual associated with the Swedish–Norwegian Battle Axe Culture who suffered from 2 severe ante mortem skull traumas probably leading to brain injuries. These questions are addressed using the Web‐based application and analytic tool Index of Care. We found that daily care, both short term with basic needs such as nutrition and grooming and long term with cognitive impairments, was available in the Neolithic society. Considering the frequent number of ante mortem skull trauma in the Neolithic and Bronze Age skeletal assemblages, traumatic brain injury was probably a common phenomenon. We argue that the care provided was a necessity for survival and maintenance of a socially sustainable society.
Enhancing decision‐making about adjuvant chemotherapy in early breast cancer following EndoPredict testing
Authors: Fallowfield Lesley , Matthews Lucy , May Shirley , Jenkins Valerie , Bloomfield David 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectiveChemotherapy side‐effects can be substantial. There is increasing recognition that some oestrogen receptor positive (ER +ve), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HER2 −ve) patients with breast cancer derive no benefit from chemotherapy and experience only iatrogenic harm. Gene expression profiling tests help refine recurrence risk and likely chemotherapy benefit. EndoPredict® is one such test, which classifies risks of distant recurrence as low or high in patients treated with surgery and adjuvant endocrine therapy alone. We compared treatment decisions pre‐test and post‐test results, patients' anxiety, decisional conflict, and oncologists' confidence about the decisions made.MethodsFourteen oncologists in 7 UK hospitals saw 149 pts judged to have equivocal indications for chemotherapy. Provisional treatment decisions were recorded then reconsidered when EPClin results were available. Pre‐test and post‐test results, patients completed State/Trait Anxiety Inventories (STAI), and the decisional conflict scale. Oncologists also recorded basic clinical details, their agreement with, and confidence about treatment decisions.ResultsSixty‐seven percent patients initially prescribed endocrine alone with high risk result upgraded to endocrine+chemotherapy (E + C); 83% prescribed E + C and had low risk scores, downgraded to E. None of 46 patients initially favouring E alone, who were low risk, changed decisions. Oncologists' confidence about decisions was significantly increased following the results (P = 0.002). Patients with downgraded treatment decisions had significantly lower anxiety scores (P = 0.045); those upgraded had increased scores (P = 0.001). Overall decisional conflict and uncertainty fell significantly post‐test (P < 0.022).ConclusionsEndoPredict scores increased oncologists' and patients' decision‐making confidence, generally improving the matching of risk with therapy decisions.
Study on Thermal Behaviour of AP/LiBH4 Energetic System
Authors: Ding Xiao‐yong , Shu Yuan‐jie , Xu Hong‐tao , Chen Zhi‐qun 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAmmonium perchlorate(AP) and LiBH4 can form an oxidation‐fuel energetic system, which provides a new development direction in designing novel mixed explosive formula. The microcalorimetry and self‐designed slow cook‐off setup were used to study thermal performance of AP/LiBH4 energetic powders and grains respectively. Experimental results show that heat release in microcalorimetry method for the mixed system at low temperature was due to the reaction between LiBH4 and residual water vapour. The oxidant gases from AP decomposition participate in the oxidation of LiBH4 at high temperature. The ignition temperature for the AP/LiBH4 grain was 270 °C and the explosion reactions were violent in slow cook‐off test.
How to Construct DNA Hydrogels for Environmental Applications: Advanced Water Treatment and Environmental Analysis
Authors: Wang Yingrong , Zhu Yuan , Hu Yi , Zeng Guangming , Zhang Yi , Zhang Chang , Feng Chongling 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWith high binding affinity, porous structures, safety, green, programmability, etc., DNA hydrogels have gained increasing recognition in the environmental field, i.e., advanced treatment technology of water and analysis of specific pollutants. DNA hydrogels have been demonstrated as versatile potential adsorbents, immobilization carriers of bioactive molecules, catalysts, sensors, etc. Moreover, altering components or choosing appropriate functional DNA optimizes environment‐oriented hydrogels. However, the lack of comprehensive information hinders the continued optimization. The principle used to fabricate the most suitable hydrogels in terms of the requirements is the focus of this Review. First, different fabrication strategies are introduced and the ideal characteristic for environmental applications is in focus. Subsequently, recent environmental applications and the development of diverse DNA hydrogels regarding their synthesis mechanism are summarized. Finally, the Review provides an insight into the remaining challenging and future perspectives in environmental applications.
Imparting Designer Biorecognition Functionality to Metal–Organic Frameworks by a DNA‐Mediated Surface Engineering Strategy
Authors: Ning Weiyu , Di Zhenghan , Yu Yingjie , Zeng Pingmei , Di Chunzhi , Chen Daquan , Kong Xueqian , Nie Guangjun , Zhao Yuliang , Li Lele 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSurface functionality is an essential component for processing and application of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). A simple and cost‐effective strategy for DNA‐mediated surface engineering of zirconium‐based nanoscale MOFs (NMOFs) is presented, capable of endowing them with specific molecular recognition properties and thus expanding their potential for applications in nanotechnology and biotechnology. It is shown that efficient immobilization of functional DNA on NMOFs can be achieved via surface coordination chemistry. With this strategy, it is demonstrated that such porphyrin‐based NMOFs can be modified with a DNA aptamer for targeting specific cancer cells. Furthermore, the DNA–NMOFs can facilitate the delivery of therapeutic DNA (e.g., CpG) into cells for efficient recognition of endosomal Toll‐like receptor 9 and subsequent enhanced immunostimulatory activity in vitro and in vivo. No apparent toxicity is observed with systemic delivery of the DNA–NMOFs in vivo. Overall, these results suggest that the strategy allows for surface functionalization of MOFs with different functional DNAs, extending the use of these materials to diverse applications in biosensor, bioimaging, and nanomedicine.
Gas sensing and capturing based on two‐dimensional layered materials: Overview from theoretical perspective
Authors: Tang Xiao , Du Aijun , Kou Liangzhi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractToxic gas detection and capture are two important topics, which are highly related with human health and environments. Recently, theoretical simulations based on first‐principles calculations have suggested two‐dimensional (2D) materials to be as ideal candidates for gas sensing and capturing due to the large surface–volume ratio and reactive surface. Starting from graphene, which was firstly proposed for 2D gas sensing, the family currently has been extended to transition metal dichalcogenides, phosphorene, silicene, germanene, MXene, and so on. In this review, we give a comprehensive overview of recent progress in computational investigations of 2D gas sensing/capture materials. We then offer perspectives on possible directions for further fundamental exploration of gas sensor and caption based on 2D materials, which are expected to offer tremendous new opportunities for future research and development.This article is categorized under:

Structure and Mechanism > Computational Materials Science
Habitat effects on golden‐cheeked warbler productivity in an urban landscape
Authors: Robinson Dianne H. , Mathewson Heather A. , Morrison Michael L. , Wilkins R. Neal 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTHabitat fragmentation and isolation can result in decreased occupancy and reproductive success within songbirds, particularly for species inhabiting urban environments where available habitat may be limited. The golden‐cheeked warbler (Setophaga chrysoparia) is a federally endangered songbird that inhabits oak–juniper (Quercus spp.–Juniperus spp.) woodlands across central Texas, USA. Past research has indicated decreased patch occupancy and productivity near urban areas. We monitored patch occupancy, territory establishment, pairing success, and fledging success of warblers in an urban environment. Warblers occupied 24% (n = 63) of patches surveyed; 10% (n = 63) of habitat patches had ≥1 established territory. Warblers successfully paired in 4 patches and fledged young in 3 patches. We found an increasing probability of occupancy at approximately 65–70% canopy cover, and an added effect of distance to the nearest habitat patch. We found that distance to and size of the nearest habitat patch best predicted territory establishment. Patch size and size of the nearest habitat patch best predicted pairing success. Although our results were inconclusive for fledging success, a review of available data suggests patch size, size of, and distance to the nearest habitat patch all affect warbler reproductive activity. We recommend to manage for oak–juniper woodland patches with >70% canopy cover that are >26 ha in size, in close proximity to other oak–juniper woodland patches with equal or greater canopy cover and patch size when managing for golden‐cheeked warblers within an urban matrix. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Arrestins: structural disorder creates rich functionality
Authors: Gurevich Vsevolod V , Gurevich Eugenia V , Uversky Vladimir N 
Published: February 2018

AbstractArrestins are soluble relatively small 44–46 kDa proteins that specifically bind hundreds of active phosphorylated GPCRs and dozens of non-receptor partners. There are binding partners that demonstrate preference for each of the known arrestin conformations: free, receptor-bound, and microtubule-bound. Recent evidence suggests that conformational flexibility in every functional state is the defining characteristic of arrestins. Flexibility, or plasticity, of proteins is often described as structural disorder, in contrast to the fixed conformational order observed in high-resolution crystal structures. However, protein-protein interactions often involve highly flexible elements that can assume many distinct conformations upon binding to different partners. Existing evidence suggests that arrestins are no exception to this rule: their flexibility is necessary for functional versatility. The data on arrestins and many other multi-functional proteins indicate that in many cases, “order” might be artificially imposed by highly non-physiological crystallization conditions and/or crystal packing forces. In contrast, conformational flexibility (and its extreme case, intrinsic disorder) is a more natural state of proteins, representing true biological order that underlies their physiologically relevant functions.
Incidence and Economic Impact of Incidental Findings on 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging
Authors: Adams Scott J. , Rakheja Rajan , Bryce Rhonda , Babyn Paul S. 
Published: February 2018

Purpose The study sought to determine the incidence of incidental findings on whole-body positron emission tomography with computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging and the average costs of investigations to follow-up or further characterize incidental findings. Methods Imaging reports of 215 patients who underwent whole-body PET/CT imaging were retrospectively reviewed. Our provincial picture archiving and communication system was queried and patient charts were reviewed to identify all investigations performed to follow-up incidental findings within 1 year of the initial PET/CT study. Costs of follow-up imaging studies (professional and technical components) and other diagnostic tests and procedures were determined in Canadian dollars (CAD) and U.S. dollars (USD) using the 2015 Ontario Health Insurance Plan Schedule of Benefits and Fees and 2016 U.S. Medicare Physician Fee Schedule, respectively. Results At least 1 incidental finding was reported in 161 reports (74.9%). The mean number of incidental findings ranged from 0.64 in patients <45 years of age to 2.2 in patients 75 years of age and older. Seventy-five recommendations for additional investigations were made for 64 (30%) patients undergoing PET/CT imaging, and 14 of those were carried out specifically to follow-up incidental findings. Averaged across all 215 patients, the total cost of investigations recommended to follow-up incidental findings was CAD$105.51 (USD$127.56) per PET/CT study if all recommendations were acted on, and CAD$22.77 (USD$29.14) based on investigations actually performed. Conclusions As the incidence of incidental findings increases with age and a larger proportion of elderly patients is expected as population demographics change, it will be increasingly important to consider incidental findings on PET/CT imaging with standardized approaches to follow-up.
Clinical Image Quality and Sensitivity in an Organized Mammography Screening Program
Authors: Théberge Isabelle , Guertin Marie-Hélène , Vandal Nathalie , Daigle Jean-Marc , Dufresne Michel-Pierre , Wadden Nancy , Shumak Rene , Samson Caroline , Langlois André , Larocque Isabelle , Perron Linda , Pelletier Éric , Brisson Jacques 
Published: February 2018

Purpose The study sought to examine the association between clinical image quality of mammograms and screening sensitivity. Methods Four radiologists evaluated the clinical image quality of 374 invasive screen-detected cancers and 356 invasive interval breast cancers for which quality evaluation of screening mammograms could be assessed from cancers diagnosed among participants in the Quebec Breast Cancer Screening Program in 2007. Quality evaluation was based on the Canadian Association of Radiologists accreditation criteria, which are similar to those of the American College of Radiology. The association between clinical quality and screening sensitivity was assessed by logistic regression. Adjusted sensitivity and adjusted sensitivity ratios were obtained through marginal standardization. No institutional review board approval was required. Results A proportion of 28% (206 of 730) of screening mammograms had lower overall quality for the majority of assessments. Positioning was the quality attribute that was the most frequently deficient. The 2-year screening sensitivity reached 68%. Sensitivity of screening was not statistically associated with the overall quality (ratio of 2-year sensitivity = 1.03; 95% confidence interval: 0.93-1.15) or with any quality attributes (positioning, exposure, compression, sharpness, artifacts, contrast). Results were similar for the 1-year sensitivity. Conclusions Although not all mammograms in the Quebec screening program met the optimum quality required by the Canadian Association of Radiologists or American College of Radiology accreditation, the screening mammograms produced in this population-based organized screening program reached a high enough level of quality so that the remaining variation in quality is too little to impair screening sensitivity.
Towards a Canadian Eskimo orthography and literature (II)
Authors: Gagné Raymond C. 
Published: February 2018

On establishing a Standard Literary Language (SLL). Having once designed a SO to serve all the Canadian Eskimo dialects, the question of selecting a standard literary language remains. It is important to repeat that the existence of the former does not presuppose the use of the latter. The best proof of this is the existence of the syllabary which most Canadian dialects have used as a SO although not one of them is as yet recognized as representing a SLL.Most languages of long literary tradition developed, at least in the early stages, without any organized central control. The fact that the Canadian government and other groups such as religious bodies can benefit themselves and the Eskimos by publishing their texts in a SLL written phonemically makes it necessary to decide on the criteria that will govern the official choice of the dialect that will form the basis of the SLL. To wait for the natural process of history for the creation of a SLL among a population of some 10,000 Eskimos would involve too long a period of time and might even endanger the survival of their language under the increasing influence of the white man’s language.
Assessing the Psychometric Properties of the Comprehensive Inventory	of Mindfulness Experiences (CHIME) Using Rasch Analysis
Authors: Medvedev Oleg N. , Bergomi Claudia , Röthlin Philipp , Krägeloh Christian U. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Mindfulness-based interventions are found beneficial to improving well-being and alleviating symptoms of psychological distress, although accurate measurement of the psychological construct of mindfulness remains a challenge. Theoretical work has highlighted characteristics of mindfulness, which can be assessed comprehensively by the recently developed eight-factor Comprehensive Inventory of Mindfulness Experiences (CHIME). While the instrument has demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties, its ability to discriminate precisely across individual mindfulness levels has not been rigorously investigated. The current study subjected responses of 443 participants to Rasch analysis to investigate and enhance the psychometric properties of the CHIME. The best fit to the Rasch model was achieved for every individual subscale with only minor modifications that involved combining some locally dependent items into a testlet. The total scale was then fitted to the Rasch model with individual subscales treated as testlets, and the best model fit was attained after two correlated subscales were treated as a single testlet, χ2(63) = 70.76, p = .23. Therefore, it was possible to generate ordinal-to-interval conversion tables for individual subscales and the total scale scores, which increase the instrument’s precision. The results support internal construct validity and enhance psychometric properties of the CHIME.
Thermal influences on spontaneous rock dome exfoliation
Authors: Collins Brian D. , Stock Greg M. , Eppes Martha-Cary , Lewis Scott W. , Corbett Skye C. , Smith Joel B. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractRock domes, with their onion-skin layers of exfoliation sheets, are among the most captivating landforms on Earth. Long recognized as integral in shaping domes, the exact mechanism(s) by which exfoliation occurs remains enigmatic, mainly due to the lack of direct observations of natural events. In August 2014, during the hottest days of summer, a granitic dome in California, USA, spontaneously exfoliated; witnesses observed extensive cracking, including a ~8000 kg sheet popping into the air. Subsequent exfoliation episodes during the following two summers were recorded by instrumentation that captured—for the first time—exfoliation deformation and stress conditions. Here we show that thermal cycling and cumulative dome surface heating can induce subcritical cracking that culminates in seemingly spontaneous exfoliation. Our results indicate that thermal stresses—largely discounted in dome formation literature—can play a key role in triggering exfoliation and therefore may be an important control for shaping domes worldwide.
The assassin bug Pristhesancus plagipennis produces two distinct venoms in separate gland lumens
Authors: Walker Andrew A. , Mayhew Mark L. , Jin Jiayi , Herzig Volker , Undheim Eivind A. B. , Sombke Andy , Fry Bryan G. , Meritt David J. , King Glenn F. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe assassin bug venom system plays diverse roles in prey capture, defence and extra-oral digestion, but it is poorly characterised, partly due to its anatomical complexity. Here we demonstrate that this complexity results from numerous adaptations that enable assassin bugs to modulate the composition of their venom in a context-dependent manner. Gland reconstructions from multimodal imaging reveal three distinct venom gland lumens: the anterior main gland (AMG); posterior main gland (PMG); and accessory gland (AG). Transcriptomic and proteomic experiments demonstrate that the AMG and PMG produce and accumulate distinct sets of venom proteins and peptides. PMG venom, which can be elicited by electrostimulation, potently paralyses and kills prey insects. In contrast, AMG venom elicited by harassment does not paralyse prey insects, suggesting a defensive role. Our data suggest that assassin bugs produce offensive and defensive venoms in anatomically distinct glands, an evolutionary adaptation that, to our knowledge, has not been described for any other venomous animal.
Input–output maps are strongly biased towards simple outputs
Authors: Dingle Kamaludin , Camargo Chico Q. , Louis Ard A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMany systems in nature can be described using discrete input–output maps. Without knowing details about a map, there may seem to be no a priori reason to expect that a randomly chosen input would be more likely to generate one output over another. Here, by extending fundamental results from algorithmic information theory, we show instead that for many real-world maps, the a priori probabilityP(x) that randomly sampled inputs generate a particular outputxdecays exponentially with the approximate Kolmogorov complexity$$\tilde K(x)$$K̃(x)of that output. These input–output maps are biased towards simplicity. We derive an upper boundP(x) ≲ $$2^{ - a\tilde K(x) - b}$$2-aK̃(x)-b, which is tight for most inputs. The constantsaandb, as well as many properties of P(x), can be predicted with minimal knowledge of the map. We explore this strong bias towards simple outputs in systems ranging from the folding of RNA secondary structures to systems of coupled ordinary differential equations to a stochastic financial trading model.