bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Empiric Antibiotics for Acute Osteomyelitis in Children
Authors: McBride Sarah , Thurm Cary , Gouripeddi Ramkiran , Stone Bryan , Jaggard Phil , Shah Samir S. , Tieder Joel S. , Butcher Ryan , Weiser Jason , Hall Matt , Keren Ron , Landrigan Christopher P. 
Published: May 2018

OBJECTIVES:
Broad-spectrum antibiotics are commonly used for the empiric treatment of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis and often target methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with medication-associated risk and unknown treatment benefit. We aimed to compare clinical outcomes among patients with osteomyelitis who did and did not receive initial antibiotics used to target MRSA.

METHODS:
A retrospective cohort study of 974 hospitalized children 2 to 18 years old using the Pediatric Health Information System database, augmented with clinical data. Rates of hospital readmission, repeat MRI and 72-hour improvement in inflammatory markers were compared between treatment groups.

RESULTS:
Repeat MRI within 7 and 180 days was more frequent among patients who received initial MRSA coverage versus methicillin-sensitive S aureus (MSSA)–only coverage (8.6% vs 4.1% within 7 days [P = .02] and 12% vs 5.8% within 180 days [P &lt; .01], respectively). Ninety- and 180-day hospital readmission rates were similar between coverage groups (9.0% vs 8.7% [P = .87] and 10.9% vs 11.2% [P = .92], respectively). Patients with MRSA- and MSSA-only coverage had similar rates of 72-hour improvement in C-reactive protein values, but patients with MRSA coverage had a lower rate of 72-hour white blood cell count normalization compared with patients with MSSA-only coverage (4.2% vs 16.4%; P = .02).

CONCLUSIONS:
In this study of children hospitalized with acute hematogenous osteomyelitis, early antibiotic treatment used to target MRSA was associated with a higher rate of repeat MRI compared with early antibiotic treatment used to target MSSA but not MRSA. Hospital readmission rates were similar for both treatment groups.
An Investigation of Drug–Drug Interaction Alert Overrides at a Pediatric Hospital
Authors: Humphrey Kate , Jorina Maria , Harper Marvin , Dodson Brenda , Kim Seung-Yeon , Ozonoff Al 
Published: May 2018

OBJECTIVES:
Drug–drug interactions (DDIs) can result in patient harm. DDI alerts are intended to help prevent harm; when the majority of alerts presented to providers are being overridden, their value is diminished. Our objective was to evaluate the overall rates of DDI alert overrides and how rates varied by specialty, clinician type, and patient complexity.

METHODS:
A retrospective study of DDI alert overrides that occurred during 2012 and 2013 within the inpatient setting described at the medication-, hospital-, provider-, and patient encounter–specific levels was performed at an urban, quaternary-care, pediatric hospital.

RESULTS:
There were &gt;41 000 DDI alerts presented to clinicians; ∼90% were overridden. The 5 DDI pairs that were most frequently presented and overridden included the following: potassium chloride–spironolactone, methadone–ondansetron, ketorolac–ibuprofen, cyclosporine–fluconazole, and potassium chloride–enalapril, each with an alert override rate of ≥0.89. Override rates across provider groups ranged between 0.84 and 0.97. In general, patients with high complexity had a higher frequency of alert overrides, but the rates of alert overrides for each DDI pairing did not differ significantly.

CONCLUSIONS:
High rates of DDI alert overrides occur across medications, provider groups, and patient encounters. Methods to decrease DDI alerts which are likely to be overridden exist, but it is also clear that more robust and intelligent tools are needed. Characteristics exist at the medication, hospital, provider, and patient levels that can be used to help specialize and enhance information transmission.
A study of clinical evaluation and management of inguinoscrotal swelling in paediatric age group
Authors: Koranga Himadra , Chandrasekaran R. 
Published: May 2018

Background: Inguino-scrotal swellings are one of the commonest problems in infancy and childhood throughout the world. They represent the conditions most frequently requiring surgical repair in the paediatric age group. In many of these cases, clinical examination may sufﬁce to obtain a deﬁnite diagnosis, but when the diagnosis is inconclusive, ultrasonography can play an important role. Post-operative complications are usually rare following elective operation whereas minor complications do occur after emergency operation. In this study we evaluated various presentations of inguino-scrotal swellings, their management and complications in paediatric age group.Methods: This is a hospital based prospective study, to have an overview of a spectrum of the paediatric cases admitted in the department of surgery with inguino-scrotal swelling that includes 40 patients with age below 13 years, irrespective of sex. Data regarding clinical features, birth history, immunization, family history various blood and radiological investigations was noted. Incidences of associated anomalies, complications and any form of treatment given to the patient were recorded and findings were analysed.Results: Out of 40 cases, all were males with maximum number of cases between the age group of 3-4 years.24 cases were right sided, 12 left sided and 4 bilateral. Hydrocele was associated with 10 of the cases, undescended testis with 2 cases and 1 had encysted hydrocele of the cord. There were no complicated cases like incarceration, obstruction or strangulation. Post-operative complications were noted in 4 cases, out of which 2 were wound haematoma and one case each of wound infection and stitch granuloma.Conclusions: Childhood inguinal hernias are more common on right side due to delay in descent of right testis and males are more commonly affected. Congenital hydrocele may involutes spontaneously, so we should observed at least upto 1 year of age before considering repair but not in the case of congenital inguinal hernia. Inguinal herniotomy in children is a safe and effective operation.
Applying Learning Analytics to Explore the Effects of Motivation on Online Students' Reading Behavioral Patterns
Authors: Sun Jerry Chih-Yuan , Lin Che-Tsun , Chou Chien 
Published: May 2018

This study aims to apply a sequential analysis to explore the effect of learning motivation on online reading behavioral patterns. The study’s participants consisted of 160 graduate students who were classified into three group types: low reading duration with low motivation, low reading duration with high motivation, and high reading duration based on a second-order cluster analysis. After performing a sequential analysis, this study reveals that highly motivated students exhibited a relatively serious reading pattern in a multi-tasking learning environment, and that online reading duration was a significant indicator of motivation in taking an online course. Finally, recommendations were provided to instructors and researchers based on the results of the study.
THE IMPLICATIONS OF EXPANDING THE AUTHORITY OF THE PRETRIAL POST-VERDICT JUDICIAL REVIEW OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT IN DECIDING WHETHER IT IS A VALID DETERMINATION OF THE SUSPECT AGAINST LAW ENFORCEMENT AND THE PROTECTION OF THE RIGHTS OF THE SUSPECT
Authors: Gumbira Seno Wibowo , Nurhayati Ratna , Wahyuni Purwaningdyah Murti 
Published: May 2018

The purpose of this study is to determine whether there are implications of expanding the authority of the pretrial post-verdict judicial review of Constitutional Court in deciding whether it is a valid determination of the suspect against law enforcement and the protection of the rights of the suspect. This research belongs to normative research. The results of this study explain that the interpretation method used in pretrial decision No:04/Pid.Prap/2015/PN.Jak.Sel is the method of discovery of analogy interpretation law (argumentum per analogiam) is wrong, while the legal interpretation method used in the judicial review judgment of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia Number 21 / PUU-XII / 2014 is the historical interpretation method (historiche intepretatie) the problem namely, the Constitutional Court has exceeded its original function that is negative legislator became positive legislators form or add a new norm. So that raises the problem that is contrary to the principles of the criminal justice system that is the principle of quick and simple and low budget justice and the principle of litis finiri oportet also inhibits the process of law enforcement settlement.
CONSUMER PROTECTION IN DIGITAL ECONOMY ERA : LAW IN INDONESIA
Authors: Rosadi Sinta Dewi , Tahira Zahra 
Published: May 2018

<p>Developments in information and communications technology have significantly influenced and changed lives of peoples by providing new opportunities for consumers and businesses. In digital economic era, an increasing number of consumers engage in e-commerce, which provides easier and faster access to products and services However it also presents some challenges for consumers that differ from offline commercial transactions. The impersonality of e-commerce weakens the relationship between businesses and consumers, thereby increasing consumer vulnerability that could lead to to unfair commercial practices and causing uncertainty and lack of trust by consumers. Therefore, there is a need by the government and busineese to promte and protect consumer trust in digital markets so it will not hamper development digital economy</p>
DNA Related Enzymes as Molecular Targets for Antiviral and Antitumoral Chemotherapy. A Natural Overview of the Current Perspectives
Authors: Garro Hugo A. , Pungitore Carlos R. 
Published: May 2018

Background:The discovery of new chemotherapeutic agents still remains a continuous goal to achieve. DNA polymerases and topoisomerases act in nucleic acids metabolism modulating different processes like replication, mitosis, damage repair, DNA topology and transcription. It has been widely documented that Polymerases serve as molecular targets for antiviral and antitumoral chemotherapy. Furthermore, telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein with exacerbated activity in most of the tumor cell lines, becoming as an emergent target in Cancer treatment.Methods:We undertook an exhaustive search of bibliographic databases for peer-reviewed research literature related to the last decade. The characteristics of screened bibliography describe structure activity relationships and show the principal moieties involved. This work tries to summarize the investigation about natural and semi-synthetic products with natural origin with the faculty to inhibit key enzymes that play a crucial role in DNA metabolism.Results:Eighty-five data references were included in this review, showing natural products widely distributed throughout the plant kingdom and their bioactive properties such as tumor growing inhibitory effects, and anti-AIDS activity.Conclusion:The findings of this review confirm the importance to find new drugs and biologically active natural products, and their potential medicinally useful benefits.
Highly Sensitive Chitosan and ZrO2 Nanoparticles-Based Electrochemical Sensor for 8-Hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine Determination
Authors: Rong Shengzhong , Pan Deng , Li Xuehui , Gao Mucong , Yu Hongwei , Jiang Jinghui , Zhang Ze , Zeng Dongdong , Pan Hongzhi , Chang Dong 
Published: May 2018

Background:
8-Hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) has been regarded as a typical stable
biomarker of DNA oxidative damage, and its level is one of the criteria for early diagnosis of various
diseases. Considering the significance of 8-OhdG, various analytical techniques have been used for
assaying 8-OHdG but all of them suffer from basic limitations like highly expensive instrumentation,
large amount of sample requirement, complicated sample pre-treatment, tedious and time-consuming
procedures etc. However, electroanalytical sensors provide a faster, easy and sensitive means of
analyzing.

Methods:
The chitosan (CS) film provided the high electrode activity and stability which is required for
detecting 8-OHdG though direct electrochemical oxidation. Zirconia was employed because it has some
unique properties, such as high redox activity and selectivity etc. High-performance composite was
easily detected by differential pulse voltammetry at a working voltage of 0. 51 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). A rapid
and sensitive electrochemical sensor based on CS and metal oxide nanocrystalline for the determination
of 8-OHdG was established.

Results:
Under optimized experimental conditions, the peak currents of differential pulse voltammetry
increased as the concentrations of 8-OHdG increased from 10 to 200 ng·mL-1. The detection limit was
3.67 ng·mL-1 which was calculated by the S/N ratio of 3. The recoveries of the real spiked samples are
in the range between 93.2 to 105.3%.

Conclusion:
The electrochemical sensor for direct 8-OHdG determination using a new CS/zirconia
composite for GCE modification was developed and showed excellent reproducibility, stability and
sensitivity for the specific determination of 8-OHdG in real urine specimen.
TPEN Exerts Antitumor Efficacy in Murine Mammary Adenocarcinoma Through an H2O2 Signaling Mechanism Dependent on Caspase-3
Authors: Soto-Mercado Viviana , Mendivil-Perez Miguel , Urueña-Pinzon Claudia , Fiorentino Susana , Velez-Pardo Carlos , Jimenez-Del-Rio Marlene 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Breast cancer is the second most common cancer worldwide. N, N, N’, N’-Tetrakis
(2-pyridylmethyl)-ethylenediamine (TPEN) is a lipid-soluble zinc metal chelator that induces apoptosis in
cancer cells through oxidative stress (OS). However, the effectiveness and the mechanisms involved in TPENinduced
cell death in mammary adenocarcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo are still unclear.

Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of TPEN in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs, as
normal control cells) and mammary adenocarcinoma cancer cells (TS/A cells) in vitro and in a mammary tumor
model in vivo.

Methods:
Cells were treated with TPEN (0-3 µM), and changes in nuclear chromatin and DNA, mitochondrial
membrane potential (ΔΨm), and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were determined by both
fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Cell proliferation and the cell cycle were also analyzed. Cellular
markers of apoptosis were evaluated by Western blot. Finally, the effect of TPEN in a mammary adenocarcinoma
tumor model in vivo was determined by immunohistological analyses.

Results:
TPEN induced apoptosis in TS/A cells in a dose-dependent manner, increasing nuclear chromatin condensation,
DNA fragmentation, cell cycle arrest and ΔΨm loss. Additionally, TPEN increased dichlorofluorescein
fluorescence (DCF+) intensity, indicative of ROS production; increased DJ-1-Cys106-sulfonate expression,
a marker of intracellular H2O2 stress; induced p53 and PUMA upregulation; and activated caspase-3.
Moreover, TPEN induced mammary cancer cell elimination and tumor size reduction in vivo 48 h after treatment
through an OS-induced apoptotic mechanism.

Conclusion:
TPEN selectively induces apoptosis in TS/A cells through an H2O2-mediated signaling pathway.
Our findings support the use of TPEN as a potential treatment for breast cancer.
Cinnamon Polyphenol Extract Exerts Neuroprotective Activity in Traumatic Brain Injury in Male Mice
Authors: Yulug Burak , Kilic Ertugrul , Altunay Serdar , Ersavas Cenk , Orhan Cemal , Dalay Arman , Tuzcu Mehmet , Sahin Nurhan , Juturu Vijaya , Sahin Kazim 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Cinnamon polyphenol extract is a traditional spice commonly used in different
areas of the world for the treatment of different disease conditions which are associated with inflammation
and oxidative stress. Despite many preclinical studies showing the anti-oxidative and antiinflammatory
effects of cinnamon, the underlying mechanisms in signaling pathways via which cinnamon
protects the brain after brain trauma remained largely unknown. However, there is still no preclinical
study delineating the possible molecular mechanism of neuroprotective effects cinnamon
polyphenol extract in Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). The primary aim of the current study was to test
the hypothesis that cinnamon polyphenol extract administration would improve the histopathological
outcomes and exert neuroprotective activity through its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties
following TBI.

Methods:
To investigate the effects of cinnamon, we induced brain injury using a cold trauma model
in male mice that were treated with cinnamon polyphenol extract (10 mg/kg) or vehicle via intraperitoneal
administration just after TBI. Mice were divided into two groups: TBI+vehicle group and TBI+
cinnamon polyphenol extract group. Brain samples were collected 24 h later for analysis.

Results:
We have shown that cinnamon polyphenol extract effectively reduced infarct and edema formation
which were associated with significant alterations in inflammatory and oxidative parameters,
including nuclear factor-κB, interleukin 1-beta, interleukin 6, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor
2, glial fibrillary acidic protein, neural cell adhesion molecule, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase,
catalase and glutathione peroxidase.

Conclusion:
Our results identify an important neuroprotective role of cinnamon polyphenol extract in
TBI which is mediated by its capability to suppress the inflammation and oxidative injury. Further,
specially designed experimental studies to understand the molecular cross-talk between signaling
pathways would provide valuable evidence for the therapeutic role of cinnamon in TBI and other TBI
related conditions.
PMSM DTC Drive System Fed by a Fault-Tolerant Inverter
Authors: Abassi Moez , Saadaoui Oussama , Khlaief Amor , Chaari Abdelkader , Boussak Mohamed 
Published: May 2018

Background:
In this paper, experimentation fault-tolerant control for permanent magnet
synchronous motor drive system using the direct torque control technique is presented.

Methods:
Synchronous machine drive system requires uninterrupted and more secure conditions during
operations.

Results:
Therefore the diagnostic of voltage source inverter and synchronous motor faults are needed
for improving system availability.

Conclusion:
This article aims to propose an accurate open-phase fault detection and fault-tolerant
inverter of a permanent magnet synchronous motor using direct torque control technique. Experimental
implementation is carried out on powerful dSpace DS1104. The validity of the proposed method has
been experimentally verified.
A Review on Tabernaemontana spp.: Multipotential Medicinal Plant
Authors: Athipornchai Anan 
Published: May 2018

Tabernaemontana is one of the genera that is used in Chinese, Ayurvedic and Thai traditional medicine for the treatment several diseases. From a chemical point of view, the great majority of Tabernaemontana species have already been subjected to isolation and identification of indole alkaloids present in their several parts. Many of indole alkaloids have been shown to exhibit a wide array of biological activities. The biogenesis, classification and biological activities of the indole alkaloids found in Tabernaemontana species were discussed in this review and its brings the research up-to-date on the bioactive compounds produced by Tabernaemontana species, directly or indirectly related to human health.
Editorial
Authors: Colares Anselmo Alencar , Colares Maria Lília Imbiriba Sousa 
Published: May 2018

Nesta edição da Revista Exitus, as contribuições nacionais são oriundas de pesquisas desenvolvidas nos Estados do Pará, São Paulo, Tocantins, Rondônia, Maranhão, Rio Grande do Sul, Bahia, Goiás, Mato Grosso e Alagoas. A experiência internacional está contemplada no artigo PERCEÇÃO, EXPRESSÃO E VALORIZAÇÃO DAS EMOÇÕES DAS CRIANÇAS NA EDUCAÇÃO PRÉ-ESCOLAR de uma pesquisadora da Universidade de Cádis, Espanha. O número inicia com uma conferência sobre o Projeto Escola Sem Partido. Um assunto polêmico e muito pertinente na atual conjuntura. Os dois textos seguintes tratam sobre a temática na área de políticas educacionais. Sete artigos focalizam as concepções e práticas docentes, e os últimos cinco artigos estão relacionados a outros temas em educação. A edição finaliza com uma resenha apresentando a discussão sobre a Exclusão ou inclusão, problematizando essas terminologias. Na sequência, o leitor terá acesso a uma visão panorâmica do conteúdo integrante deste número, cujo objetivo é o de apresentar algumas possibilidades de trilhas a serem percorridas por todos os que desejam desfrutar de reflexões atuais e significativas para a compreensão do fenômeno educacional. Percurso este acompanhado de estudiosos que estão imersos nos temas e objetos selecionados para suas pesquisas no campo educacional.
Estudantes cotistas negros e ações afirmativas no ensino superior
Authors: Eugenio Benedito Gonçalves , Algarra Julia 
Published: May 2018

Neste trabalho, analisamos o percurso de escolarização de estudantes negros dos meios populares que ingressaram no ensino superior por meio da política de ações afirmativas. Foram entrevistados 4 estudantes cotistas negros do curso de Direito da Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia-UESB. A pesquisa é qualitativa, do tipo exploratória. O estudo realizado nos permitiu compreender como constituiu-se o processo de educação de estudantes negros até a chegada ao Ensino Superior, bem como sua percepção acerca da escolarização e da vivência do racismo. Palavras-chave: Acesso e Permanência. Estudantes Negros. Ensino Superior.
Marx e a politecnia, ou: do princípio educativo ao princípio pedagógico
Authors: Maciel Antônio Carlos 
Published: May 2018

Este artigo tem por objetivo expor a trajetória epistemológica da definição do conceito de politecnia como princípio pedagógico e explicar porque é o fundamento determinante da educação integral politécnica. Analisa a concepção marxiana de educação comparando as versões em língua francesa, inglesa, portuguesa e brasileira (MARX, 1976, 1982, 1983, 1996), bem como algumas das mais importantes obras brasileiras sobre o tema (SAVIANI, 1989, 2003, 2007; KUENZER, 1989, 2005; FRIGOTTO, 2002, 2012; SOARES, 2000, 2004; LOMBARDI, 2008; SANFELICE, 1991; NOGUEIRA, 1990; NOSELLA, 2004, 2007, 2009), passando por Manacorda (2010) para demonstrar a importância, mas, ao mesmo tempo, os limites do conceito de trabalho como princípio educativo. O resultado do estudo aponta para a necessidade de: a) atualizar a concepção marxiana de educação; b) complementar o trabalho como princípio educativo com a politecnia como princípio pedagógico; c) operacionalizar a prática pedagógica pela formulação da politecnia como princípio pedagógico; d) demonstrar a educação integral politécnica, da educação infantil à universidade, como alternativa às propostas pedagógicas de educação escolar estatal. Palavras-chave: Politecnia. Princípio Educativo. Princípio Pedagógico.