bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐gravity‐assisted synthesis of aqueous nanodispersions of organic fluorescent dyes for counterfeit labeling
Authors: Yin Xiong , Sun Qian , Wang Dan , Routh Alexander F. , Le Yuan , Wang Jie‐Xin , Chen Jian‐Feng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOrganic fluorescent dyes have attracted wide interest because of their high photoluminescence quantum efficiencies. However, there are several application limitations arising from their hydrophobicity, poor dispersity and large particle sizes. These problems can be improved by preparing nanoparticles with a small size. Herein, we present a continuous approach to efficiently prepare an aqueous nanodispersion of water‐insoluble organic fluorescent dye Nile red (NR) with monodispersed and uniform nanoparticles (35 nm) by high‐gravity antisolvent precipitation in a rotating packed bed (RPB). In contrast, NR nanodispersions prepared using a traditional batch stirred tank (ST) had a broad size distribution (20–150 nm). Due to its small size effect and good dispersity in water, the RPB nanodispersion displayed significantly increased saturation solubility and much stronger fluorescent intensity compared to raw NR, and was obviously superior to the ST counterpart. Furthermore, NR nanodispersions were mixed with ink to draw fluorescent patterns on paper for counterfeit labeling.
Gas‐Constructed Vesicles with Gas‐Moldable Membrane Architectures
Authors: Xu Miaomiao , Chen Liang , Yan Qiang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntegrating gas as a main building block into nanomaterial construction is a challenging mission that remains elusive. Herein, we report a gas‐constructed vesicular system formed by CO2 gas and frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs). Two molecular triads bearing three bulky borane and phosphine groups are designed as trivalent disc‐like FLP monomers. CO2, as a gas cross‐linker, can drive the two‐dimensional polymerization of these two FLP monomers, leading to the generation of planar FLP networks that further transform into a thermodynamically favored membranous vesicle structure. Gas‐guided vesicle formation is also applicable to other inert but FLP‐activatable gases. Different gas linkages can form vesicles with distinct architectures, sizes, and morphologies. We envisage that this study would suggest a new concept that exploits gases to fabricate tunable nanomaterials.
Removal of molybdate and vanadate ions by a copolymer adsorbent in a ultrafiltration system
Authors: Sánchez Julio , Riffo Lina , Salazar Paula , Rivas Bernabé L. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTIn this investigation, the removal of Mo and V oxyanions was carried out using the polymer‐assisted ultrafiltration technique with a poly(acrylamide‐co‐diallyldimethylammonium chloride) [P(AAm‐DDACl)]. As a result, 100% of the Mo and 80% of the V were removed at pH 9 with a polymer:metal molar ratio of 10:1 and an optimal metal concentration of 60 mg L−1. The presence of competitive ions such as phosphate, sulfate, and chloride affected the retention of Mo, decreasing its retention to 60% in all cases. For the V, all competitive ions behaved in a similar way, producing approximately 50% metal removal. The permeate flux was kept almost constant for all solutions (40 to 80 L hm−2), which indicates that the optimal retention conditions are stable over time. In addition, the characterization of the P(AAm‐DDACl) was carried out using infrared spectroscopy analysis (FTIR), and the morphology of the membrane before and after use was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, which showed significant changes in its morphology. The energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy analysis indicates the presence of Mo and P(AAm‐DDACl) in the membrane after use. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48184.
The impact of maternal touch of the abdomen on cardiotocography fetal patterns
Authors: Rolland Souza Alex S. , Cavalcante Emanuela V. V. , Macedo Candice A. , Freitas Stênio G. , Figueiredo Amanda T. P. , Alves Susi A. , Silva Thaíse C. A. C. , de Albuquerque Souza Gustavo F. , Alves João G. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionSome studies suggest that maternal touch of the abdomen produces an increase in the number of movements of the fetus. However, the influence of maternal touch of the abdomen on fetal cardiotocography patterns has not been studied.MethodsThis nonrandomized, before‐after clinical trial that assessed fetal cardiotocography patterns during maternal touch of the abdomen in 28 low‐risk pregnant women.ResultsBaseline fetal heart rate, accelerations, decelerations, and variability did not change with maternal touch of the abdomen, but fetal movements increased (p = 0.044).ConclusionFetal movements increases during maternal touch of the abdomen.
Reaction Conditions‐Dependent Formation of Catalytically Active Palladium Complexes or Palladium Nanoparticles on a Silica Support
Authors: Bornstein Megan , Parker David M. , Quast Arthur D. , Shumaker‐Parry Jennifer S. , Zharov Ilya 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSilica nanoparticles carrying covalently bound dipyridylmethylene (dpm) ligands were treated with Pd(OAc)2 in acetone in an attempt to prepare a silica surface‐immobilized Pd2+‐dpm complex. However, instead of the expected tethered complexes, small, monodisperse and evenly distributed palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) formed. We found that an organic impurity, most likely an alcohol, in reagent‐grade acetone led to the reduction of Pd(OAc)2 to form PdNPs. The size and surface distribution of the PdNPs are affected by temperature, and formation of PdNPs can be inhibited by using high purity solvents and/or low temperature. The PdNPs supported on silica nanoparticles demonstrated catalytic activity in oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde, while silica nanoparticles with surface‐immobilized Pd2+‐dpm complexes required an induction period in order to reach a similar level of catalytic activity. In all cases, PdNPs were observed after the catalytic reaction, providing evidence that the induction period exhibited by the materials carrying Pd2+‐dpm complexes may be related to a time‐dependent PdNP formation process, with PdNPs rather than the immobilized complexes playing a central role in the catalytic reaction. Although nanoparticles are sometimes identified after carrying out catalytic reactions with supported molecular Pd complexes, our studies demonstrate the importance of identifying the species present in as‐synthesized heterogeneous materials of supported transition metal complexes.
Carbon Dots from Citric Acid and its Intermediates Formed by Thermal Decomposition
Authors: Ludmerczki Robert , Mura Stefania , Carbonaro Carlo Maria , Mandity Istvan M. , Carraro Massimo , Senes Nina , Garroni Sebastiano , Granozzi Gaetano , Calvillo Laura , Marras Sergio , Malfatti Luca , Innocenzi Plinio 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThermal decomposition of citric acid is one of the most common synthesis methods for fluorescent carbon dots; the reaction pathway is, however, quite complex and the details are still far from being understood. For instance, several intermediates form during the process and they also give rise to fluorescent species. In the present work, the formation of fluorescent C‐dots from citric acid has been studied as a function of reaction time by coupling infrared analysis, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (LC/MS) with the change of the optical properties, absorption and emission. The reaction intermediates, which have been identified at different stages, produce two main emissive species, in the green and blue, as also indicated by the decay time analysis. C‐dots formed from the intermediates have also been synthesised by thermal decomposition, which gave an emission maximum around 450 nm. The citric acid C‐dots in water show short temporal stability, but their functionalisation with 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane reduces the quenching. The understanding of the citric acid thermal decomposition reaction is expected to improve the control and reproducibility of C‐dots synthesis.
On the use of priors in goodness‐of‐fit tests
Authors: Contreras‐Cristán Alberto , Lockhart Richard A. , Stephens Michael A. , Sun Shaun Z. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPriors are introduced into goodness‐of‐fit tests, both for unknown parameters in the tested distribution and on the alternative density. Neyman–Pearson theory leads to the test with the highest expected power. To make the test practical, we seek priors that make it likely a priori that the power will be larger than the level of the test but not too close to one. As a result, priors are sample size dependent. We explore this procedure in particular for priors that are defined via a Gaussian process approximation for the logarithm of the alternative density. In the case of testing for the uniform distribution, we show that the optimal test is of theU‐statistic type and establish limiting distributions for the optimal test statistic, both under the null hypothesis and averaged over the alternative hypotheses. The optimal test statistic is shown to be of the Cramér–von Mises type for specific choices of the Gaussian process involved. The methodology when parameters in the tested distribution are unknown is discussed and illustrated in the case of testing for the von Mises distribution.The Canadian Journal of Statistics47: 560–579; 2019 © 2019 Statistical Society of Canada
Sensing the Molecular Structures of Hexan‐2‐one by Internal Rotation and Microwave Spectroscopy
Authors: Andresen Maike , Kleiner Isabelle , Schwell Martin , Stahl Wolfgang , Nguyen Ha Vinh Lam 
Published: June 2019

AbstractUsing two molecular jet Fourier transform spectrometers, the microwave spectrum of hexan‐2‐one, also called methyl n‐butyl ketone, was recorded in the frequency range from 2 to 40 GHz. Three conformers were assigned and fine splittings caused by the internal rotations of the two terminal methyl groups were analyzed. For the acetyl methyl group CH3COC3H6CH3, the torsional barrier is 186.9198(50) cm−1, 233.5913(97) cm−1, and 182.2481(25) cm−1 for the three observed conformers, respectively. The value of this parameter could be linked to the structure of the individual conformer, which enabled us to create a rule for predicting the barrier height of the acetyl methyl torsion in ketones. The very small splittings arising from the internal rotation of the butyl methyl group CH3COC3H6CH3 could be resolved as well, yielding the respective torsional barriers of 979.99(88) cm−1, 1016.30(77) cm−1, and 961.9(32) cm−1.
Ultra‐thin Co−Fe Layered Double Hydroxide Hollow Nanocubes for Efficient Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation
Authors: Yuan Haitao , Wang Yanzhi , Yang Chenxi , Liang Zuozhong , Chen Mingxing , Zhang Wei , Zheng Haoquan , Cao Rui 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHierarchical hollow nanocubes based on ultra‐thin CoFe‐layered double hydroxide (CoFe−LDH) nanosheets have been prepared. The obtained CoFe−LDH hollow nanocubes could effectively catalyze water oxidation at a low overpotential of 270 mV @ 10 mA cm−2, low Tafel slope of 58.3 mV dec−1 and show a long‐term stability in alkali.
Immunophenotypic Characterization and Purification of Neoplastic Cells from Lymph Nodes Involved by T‐Cell/Histiocyte‐rich Large B‐cell Lymphoma by Flow Cytometry and Flow Cytometric Cell Sorting
Authors: Glynn Emily , Fromm Jonathan R. 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundT‐cell/histiocyte rich large B‐cell lymphoma (THRLBCL) is B‐cell lymphoma in which rare neoplastic cells are embedded in a reactive infiltrate. We describe the first characterization of the neoplastic cells by flow cytometry (FC).MethodsUsing FC, we immunophenotyped the neoplastic cells of 11 cases of THRLBCL and 11 cases of DLBCL, NOS (controls). Neoplastic THRLBCL cells were also purified by flow cytometric cell sorting (FCCS).ResultsA neoplastic THRLBCL population was detected by FC in 9 of 11 cases (82%). Neoplastic THRLBCL cells demonstrated an aberrant germinal center B‐cell immunophenotype (bright CD20, bright CD40; positive for Bcl‐6 and CD75; weakly positive for CD32; negative for IgH). With regard to adhesion molecules, CD54 was overexpressed, CD58 expression varied between cases, and CD50 expression was intermediate. Evaluation of immunomodulatory receptors demonstrated that PD‐L2 was weakly expressed and PD‐L1 was variably expressed. Finally, FCCS of two cases showed large multi‐lobated cells with morphology consistent with neoplastic cells of THRLBCL.ConclusionsThe immunophenotype identified and the morphology of the FCCS purified cells confirms the FC defined populations are neoplastic cells from THRLBCL. While the cohort is small, neoplastic THRLBCL cells lack surface immunoglobulins. CD40, CD50, and CD54 were overexpressed in THRLBCL relative to DLBCL, NOS, perhaps contributing to the predominance of T cells in THRLBCL. Expression of CD32, PD‐L1, and PD‐L2 may be useful in distinguishing THRLBCL and NLPHL. Finally, the FC assays will be useful for purifying neoplastic cells of THRLBCL and for diagnostic immunophenotyping of THRLBCL. © 2019 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Advancing genetic and genomic technologies deepen the pool for discovery in Xenopus tropicalis
Authors: Kakebeen Anneke , Wills Andrea 
Published: June 2019

AbstractXenopus laevis and Xenopus tropicalis have long been used to drive discovery in developmental, cell, and molecular biology. These dual frog species boast experimental strengths for embryology including large egg sizes that develop externally, well‐defined fate maps, and cell‐intrinsic sources of nutrients that allow explanted tissues to grow in culture. Development of the Xenopus cell extract system has been used to study cell cycle and DNA replication. Xenopus tadpole tail and limb regeneration have provided fundamental insights into the underlying mechanisms of this processes, and the loss of regenerative competency in adults adds a complexity to the system that can be more directly compared to humans. Moreover, Xenopus genetics and especially disease‐causing mutations are highly conserved with humans, making them a tractable system to model human disease. In the last several years, genome editing, expanding genomic resources, and intersectional approaches leveraging the distinct characteristics of each species have generated new frontiers in cell biology. While Xenopus have enduringly represented a leading embryological model, new technologies are generating exciting diversity in the range of discoveries being made in areas from genomics and proteomics to regenerative biology, neurobiology, cell scaling, and human disease modeling.
On piecewise models and species–area patterns
Authors: Gao De , Cao Zhen , Xu Peng , Perry Gad 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimArea thresholds, at which the form of the species–area relationship (SAR) changes abruptly, have played an important role in the theoretical framework of conservation biogeography and biodiversity research. The application of piecewise regressions has been advocated as a rigorous statistical technique to identify such thresholds within SARs, but a large variety of piecewise models remains untested. We explore the prevalence and number of thresholds in SARs and examine whether the currently widely used method for detecting the small island effect (SIE) is robust.LocationGlobal.TaxonWe consider all multicellular taxa based on the criteria of datasets selection.MethodsWe apply 15 regression models, including linear regression and piecewise regressions with two and three segments to 68 global island datasets that are sourced from the literature.ResultsThe number of area thresholds in SARs varied among groups and correlated positively with area range of a studied system. Under the AIC or AICc criterion, three‐segment piecewise models were more prevalent, whereas under the BIC criterion, two‐segment piecewise models were more prevalent. From the results of Aegean Sea isopods, West Indies herpetofauna, and Australian Islands mammals, we found evidence that the traditional criteria for detection of SIEs are not robust.Main conclusionsOur study demonstrates that (a) to detect an SIE, the comparison should use as many models as possible, including not only variants with and without a left‐horizontal part, but also those with two and more segments; (b) naive use of the traditional two‐segment piecewise regressions may cause poor estimations of both slope and breakpoint values; (c) the number of thresholds increases with the area range of a studied system; (d) conservation biologists and applied ecologists should determine the number of area thresholds when estimating the precise species–area patterns and making management strategies in fragmented landscapes.
Scroll bars are inner bank levees along meandering river bends
Authors: Mason Jasmine , Mohrig David 
Published: June 2019

AbstractScroll bars across a 65‐km stretch of the Trinity River in Texas, USA were studied using LiDAR data as well as with a series of 11 trenches spread out across the survey area. We conclude that scroll bars are levees that are deposited along the inner banks of these meandering river bends. Scroll bar crests were found to have similar elevations to those of outer bank levee crests, implying that they are constructional features that create positive topographic relief above the elevation of the floodplain. Trenches reveal that scroll bars are built from reworked suspended sediment, with common ripple‐scale cross stratification, planar laminations and muddy bioturbated layers – characteristics often associated with levee sedimentation in other systems. LiDAR observation of the erosion of scroll bars by bed material transport during flood implies that scroll bar spacing is an imperfect proxy for estimating overall channel migration rates. In addition, interspersed lenses of coarser sediment with dune‐scale cross stratification represent the stratigraphic record of these erosional events and suggest that erosion of the channel‐ward edge of the scroll bar is not uncommon. Preservation of scroll bars is unlikely, given that they are responsible for an average of only the uppermost 12% of the total inner bank relief. We suggest that misidentification of point bar lateral accretion surfaces as scroll bars is common and can lead to issues with reconstructing channel properties due to systematic differences between point bar and scroll bar planform geometries. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The more you get, the more you give: Positive cascading effects shape the evolutionary potential of prenatal maternal investment
Authors: Pick Joel L. , Postma Erik , Tschirren Barbara 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMaternal effects are prevalent in nature and significantly contribute to variation in phenotypic trait expression. However, little attention has been paid to the factors shaping variation in the traits mediating these effects (maternal effectors). Specific maternal effectors are often not identified, and typically they are assumed to be inherited in an additive genetic and autosomal manner. Given that these effectors can cause long-lasting effects on offspring phenotype, it is likely that they may also affect themselves in the next generation. Although the existence of such cascading maternal effects has been discussed and modeled, empirical examples of such effects are rare, let alone quantitative estimates of their strength and evolutionary consequences. Here, we demonstrate that the investment a mother makes in her eggs positively affects the egg investment of her daughters. Through reciprocally crossing artificially selected lines for divergent prenatal maternal investment in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica), we demonstrate that the size of eggs daughters lay resembles the egg size of their maternal line significantly more than that of their paternal line, highlighting that egg size is in part maternally inherited. Correspondingly, we find that variation in the daughters' egg size is in part determined by maternal identity, in addition to substantial additive genetic effects. Furthermore, this maternal variance in offspring egg size is fully explained by maternal egg size, demonstrating the presence of a positive cascading effect of maternal egg size on offspring egg size. Finally, we use an evolutionary model to quantify the consequences of covariance between cascading maternal and additive genetic effects for both maternal effector and offspring body mass evolution. Our study demonstrates that by amplifying the amount of variation available for selection to act on, positive cascading maternal effects can significantly enhance the evolutionary potential of maternal effectors and the offspring traits that they affect.
Socio‐economic inequality in health service utilisation: Does accounting for seasonality in health‐seeking behaviour matter?
Authors: Ataguba John E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSeasonal variation exists in disease incidence. The variation could occur across the different regions in a country. This paper argues that using national household data that are not adjusted for seasonal and regional variations in disease incidence may not be directly suitable for assessing socio‐economic inequality in annual outpatient service utilisation, including for cross‐country comparison. In fact, annual health service utilisation may be understated or overstated depending on the period of data collection. This may lead to miss‐estimation of socio‐economic inequality in health service utilisation depending, among other things, on how health service utilisation, across geographical areas, varies by socio‐economic status. Using a nationally representative dataset from South Africa, the paper applies a seasonality index that is constructed from the District Health Information System, an administrative dataset, to annualise public outpatient health service visits. Using the concentration index, socio‐economic inequality in health service visits, after accounting for seasonal variations, was compared with that when seasonal variations are ignored. It was found that, in some cases, socio‐economic inequality in outpatient health service visits depends on the socio‐economic distribution of the seasonality index. This may justify the need to account for seasonal and geographical variations.
A biomaterials approach to Schwann cell development in neural tissue engineering
Authors: Lotfi Leila , Khakbiz Mehrdad , Moosazadeh Moghaddam Mehrdad , Bonakdar Shahin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSchwann cells, in addition to forming myelin sheaths, have pivotal roles in regeneration of injured axons in the peripheral nervous system such as producing a natural permissive conduit between distal and proximal stumps and secreting nerve growth factors. Due to the atrophy and senescence of Schwann cells in long nerve gap, and the need to ensure the presence of nerve growth factors and basal lamina tubes for axon regeneration in a critical time, injection of Schwann cells with the aid of an engineered conduit seems to be an effective approach to induce axon regrowth. Stem cells with high differentiation and proliferation capability can provide an adequate number of Schwann cells in healthy state for regeneration purposes. Guidance of stem cells differentiation into desired lineages, control of implanted Schwann cells fate, maintenance of nerve growth factors expression, and guidance of axon regrowth are possible with the aid of biomaterials with appropriate chemical, physical, and mechanical properties. Biomaterials' surface chemistry and biomolecules interacting with cells' receptors initiate specific intracellular signaling cascades and direct cells fate. In addition, biomaterials' surface topography in association with cells contact area, focal adhesion, and cytoskeletal remodeling by mechanotransduction process influences cells behavior and induces specific differentiation. The main objective of this review is to investigate the chemical, topographical, and mechanical properties of biomaterials which influence the fate of Schwann cells and the nerve regeneration process.