bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Compared with Two-Dimensional Preoperative Planning of Corrective Osteotomy for Extra-Articular Distal Radial Malunion
Authors: Buijze Geert A. , Leong Natalie L. , Stockmans Filip , Axelsson Peter , Moreno Rodrigo , Ibsen Sörensen Allan , Jupiter Jesse B. 
Published: July 2018

Background:
Malunion is the most frequent complication seen after a fracture of the distal end of the radius. The primary aim of this study was to compare patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) after corrective osteotomy for malunited distal radial fractures with and without 3-dimensional (3D) planning and use of patient-specific surgical guides.

Methods:
From September 2010 to May 2015, 40 adult patients with a symptomatic extra-articular malunited distal radial fracture were randomized to 3D computer-assisted planning or conventional 2-dimensional (2D) planning for corrective osteotomy. The primary outcome was the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score. Secondary outcomes included the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) score, pain and satisfaction scores, grip strength, and radiographic measurements at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively.

Results:
From baseline to 12 months of follow-up, the reduction in the mean DASH score was −30.7 ± 18.7 points for the 3D planning group compared with −20.1 ± 17.8 points for 2D planning (p = 0.103). Secondary functional outcome by means of the PRWE resulted in a similar reduction of −34.4 ± 22.9 points for the 3D planning group compared with −26.6 ± 18.3 points for the 2D planning group (p = 0.226). There were no significant differences in pain, satisfaction, range of motion, and grip strength. Radiographic analysis showed significant differences in the mean residual volar angulation (by 3.3°; p = 0.04) and radial inclination (by 2.7°; p = 0.028) compared with the templated side, in favor of 3D planning and guidance. The duration of preoperative planning and surgery as well as complication rates were comparable.

Conclusions:
Although there was a trend toward a minimal clinically important difference in PROMs in favor of 3D computer-assisted guidance for corrective osteotomy of extra-articular distal radial malunion, it did not attain significance because of (post hoc) insufficient power. Despite the challenge of feasibility, a trial of large magnitude is warranted to draw definitive conclusions regarding clinical advantages of this advanced, more expensive technology.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Risk-Based Hospital and Surgeon-Volume Categories for Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Koltsov Jayme C.B. , Marx Robert G. , Bachner Emily , McLawhorn Alexander S. , Lyman Stephen 
Published: July 2018

Background:
Studies of volume-outcome relationships typically subdivide volume via non-evidence-based methods, producing categories that vary widely among studies, preclude the comparison of results, and possibly obscure the true volume-outcome relationships. The goal of the current study was to use quantitative methods to derive meaningful, risk-based categories for hospital and surgeon total hip arthroplasty (THA) volume based on relationships with mortality, complications, and revision.

Methods:
Using New York statewide patient data (1997 to 2014; n = 187,557), we derived risk-based hospital and surgeon-volume categories for primary THA based on relationships with 90-day complications and mortality and 2-year revision.

Results:
The following categories, based on relationships with complications, mortality, and revision, were derived for surgeon volume: 0 to 12, 13 to 25, 26 to 72, 73 to 165, 166 to 279, and ≥280 THA/year. For hospital volume, the categories derived were 0 to 11, 12 to 54, 55 to 157, 158 to 526, and ≥527 THA/year. More than 35% of THA cases in New York State were conducted by surgeons performing ≤1 THA/month (0 to 12 THA/year), and these were associated with a 2 to 2.5-fold increase in the risk for complications, mortality, and revision relative to higher-volume surgeons. Similarly, 15% of THA cases in New York State were conducted in hospitals performing ≤1 THA/week (0 to 11 or 12 to 54 THA/year), and these were associated with a nearly 1.5-fold increase in complications and between a 4 and 6-fold increase in mortality. Traditional non-evidence-based quartile categories were concentrated at lower volumes, did not capture the full magnitude of the volume-related differences, and were a poorer representation of the outcome data, as assessed by several model metrics. Thus, quartiles showed only a <2-fold increase in complications, mortality, and revision for the lowest versus the highest surgeon-volume quartile and failed to show the increased risk for lower versus higher hospital volumes.

Conclusions:
The volume-outcome relationships in THA are more pronounced than previously apparent through standard statistical techniques. Volume-based strategies for improving outcomes in THA should use benchmarks that are evidence-based to achieve optimal results.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The General Orthopaedist: Going the Way of the Dinosaur or the Next Subspecialty?
Authors: Mulcahey Mary K. , Kenter Keith , Black Kevin P. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract:
Orthopaedic specialization has increased substantially over the past several decades, partly due to the desire of residents to improve their clinical expertise and to increase the likelihood that they will obtain a position with better compensation and a more balanced lifestyle. The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) census data support this trend, demonstrating a substantial rise in the percentage of practicing orthopaedic surgeons who identify themselves as specialists rather than as general orthopaedic surgeons. There is a perception that a more narrowed scope of practice may prevent the current orthopaedic workforce from being able to adequately care for populations in rural areas of the United States. Additional consideration should be given to clearly defining the necessary knowledge and skills of a general orthopaedist in the twenty-first century, to understanding their role in musculoskeletal care, and to reevaluating residency educational experiences relative to their ability to prepare graduates to practice general orthopaedics independently.
Radiographic and Anatomic Landmarks of the Major Knee Ligaments
Authors: Bedi Asheesh , LaPrade Robert F. , Burrus M. Tyrrell 
Published: July 2018

* A thorough understanding of the anatomic and radiographic landmarks is imperative for reconstructing the native insertions of the major ligaments around the knee.* The 2 cruciate ligaments, the anterior cruciate ligament and the posterior cruciate ligament, each have osseous intra-articular landmarks that separate the ligament bundles and can be used to guide accurate reconstructions.* The 2 collateral ligaments, the medial collateral ligament and the lateral collateral ligament (LCL), each have femoral insertions close to their respective epicondyles, and because of the location of their distal insertions, the ligaments gradually lose tension as the knee is flexed.* The anterolateral ligament is a controversial structure that may have a role in controlling knee internal rotation because of its femoral insertion just proximal and posterior to the LCL and its tibial location just distal to the joint line between Gerdy’s tubercle and the fibular head.* As the primary soft-tissue restraint against lateral patellar instability, the medial patellofemoral ligament inserts on the proximal and posterior aspect of the medial femoral condyle and attaches to the proximal third of the patella, with variable attachments to the medial aspect of the quadriceps tendon.
Pre‐Plant and In‐Season Nitrogen Combinations for the Northern Corn Belt
Authors: Rutan J. , Steinke K. 
Published: July 2018

Core Ideas
Starter fertilizer strategies must sufficiently supply N until sidedress time to influence success of in‐season N application.
Applying the majority of N at V11 did not increase yield potential and may be best utilized as a rescue application in the northern Corn Belt.
Increased 5×5 starter N rates (>45 kg N ha−1) may be required when full SD is applied at V11 to maintain yield potential.
In variable weather conditions splitting N applications (i.e., multi‐pass systems) improved synchrony of N application with corn N uptake.
In‐season N applications offer greater flexibility to address climate variability and better synchronize N availability with corn (Zea mays L.) uptake, but deliberating between V4 vs. V11 sidedress (SD) application requires validation. A six site‐year study investigated multiple N placement and timing strategies on corn growth, yield, and profitability. The three primary strategies involved pre‐plant incorporated (PPI), in‐furrow (IF) (7.8 kg N ha−1), or subsurface banded N fertilizer below the furrow (5×5) (45 kg N ha−1). Treatment combinations within the IF and 5×5 starter N strategies included SD at V4, V11, or 50:50 (split) V4 and V11. The PPI strategies involved 100% urea, 25:75 blend of urea with polymer‐coated urea, and poultry litter applied at 2.2 Mg ha−1 plus SD N at V11. There were few yield and profitability benefits to late‐season N application. The 5×5 strategy stabilized both yield and profit variability whereas the IF strategy occasionally reduced yield when SD was delayed from V4 to V11. Split N applications (i.e., multi‐pass) increased yield 4.4 to 16.1% compared with a one‐pass PPI strategy in 4 of 6 site years. Increased starter N rates (>45 kg N ha−1) may be required when full SD is applied at V11 but N source must be cost effective. When using IF and 5×5 strategies at N rates in the current study, in‐season SD N applications were required prior to V11. The V11 timing may be considered as a rescue application in northern corn regions but not standard practice.
Etnografia e Estudos Organizacionais: Análise Bibliográfica dos Trabalhos Publicados nos Anais do CBEO – Congresso Brasileiro de Estudos Organizacionais
Authors: Magalhães Thiago Gonçalves , Lucas dos Santos Geneia 
Published: July 2018

O objetivo desse estudo consiste em investigar se e como a etnografia está sendo utilizada nos trabalhos apresentados nas três edições do Congresso Brasileiro de Estudos Organizacionais (CBEO). Assim, buscando compreender as possibilidades e as especificidades da aplicação da abordagem etnográfica nos estudos organizacionais foram analisados 19 artigos publicados nos anais dos I, II e II CBEO. Pode-se perceber que as possibilidades de aplicação da metodologia etnográfica nos estudos organizacionais são diversas, como empresas, e outras formas de organização, com foco nas organizações substantivas. Fica também evidente apesar das diversidades de objetos de estudos, a preocupação dos autores no processo de condução da pesquisa etnográfica, como a preparação, a realização do trabalho de campo e a elaboração do texto final. Por fim, destaca-se que são diversas as possibilidades de aplicação da abordagem etnográfica nos estudos organizacionais, com destaque as redes organizacionais, organizações substantivas, desenvolvimento territorial e no próprio estudo da formação das organizações, no entanto, destaca-se a necessidade de discussões futuras acerca das especificidades metodológicas quanto a aplicação da abordagem etnográfica nos estudos das organizações.
Hydrodynamic Study of the Flows Caused by Dam Break around Downstream Obstacles
Authors: Feizi Atabak 
Published: July 2018

Introduction:
Studying dam break and the resultant flood routing along with identifying critical areas at the dam downstream are of great importance in safety management of the dam break issues. To reduce the risk of the dam break, an accurate estimation of the effective parameters on the energy dissipation due to the collapse of dams and the flood routing around the downstream natural and artificial obstacles is necessary.

Methods:
In this research, effects of downstream obstacles (e.g. bridge piers) caused by dam break were investigated on different flood patterns in the flow characteristics. Accordingly, two different geometries of the long and wide reservoirs were considered in the experimental tests and 3D numerical simulations.

Results and Conclusion:
The results indicated the formation of different flow patterns at downstream of the long and wide reservoirs depends on the reservoir geometry. Due to the alignment of the channel and the reservoir in the long reservoir case, the dominant flow was one-dimensional up to the collision with the pier. Therefore, the one-dimensional solutions, including Ritter analytical solution could be applied in this range. After the flow passes through the pier, due to the formation of the wake vortices, the one-dimensional state was no longer valid. This caused turbulence at the surface of the water, which continued to the end of the channel. In the wide reservoir, from the beginning of the flow entry into the channel until its moment of collision with the pier, as well as passing through it, the flow lost its one-dimensional state. In such a case, the use of 3D models was necessary to achieve the appropriate accuracy.
A 26-Week Randomized Controlled Trial of Semaglutide Once Daily Versus Liraglutide and Placebo in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Suboptimally Controlled on Diet and Exercise With or Without Metformin
Authors: Lingvay Ildiko , Desouza Cyrus V. , Lalic Katarina S. , Rose Ludger , Hansen Thomas , Zacho Jeppe , Pieber Thomas R. 
Published: July 2018

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the efficacy and safety of once-daily semaglutide in comparison with once-daily liraglutide and placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This 26-week, multicenter, double-blind trial involved patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes with HbA1c 7.0–10.0% (53–86 mmol/mol) and treated with diet and exercise with or without metformin. Patients were randomized 2:2:1 to once-daily semaglutide, liraglutide, or placebo in one of four volume-matched doses (semaglutide 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, or 0.3 mg and liraglutide 0.3, 0.6, 1.2, or 1.8 mg, with both compared within each volume-matched dose group). Primary end point was change in HbA1c from baseline to week 26.

RESULTS
In total, 705 randomized patients were exposed to trial products. At week 26, a dose-dependent change in HbA1c was observed with semaglutide from −1.1% (0.05 mg) to −1.9% (0.3 mg) and with liraglutide from −0.5% (0.3 mg) to −1.3% (1.8 mg) (all P &lt; 0.001 in favor of volume-matched semaglutide dose). Change with pooled placebo was −0.02% (P &lt; 0.0001 vs. semaglutide). Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders were the most common adverse events (AEs) with semaglutide and liraglutide, occurring in 32.8–54.0% and 21.9–41.5% of patients, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Once-daily semaglutide at doses up to 0.3 mg/day resulted in greater reductions in HbA1c compared with liraglutide or placebo but with a higher frequency of GI AEs.
Renal and Cardiovascular Risk According to Tertiles of Urinary Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio: The Adolescent Type 1 Diabetes Cardio-Renal Intervention Trial (AdDIT)
Authors: Marcovecchio M. Loredana , Chiesa Scott T. , Armitage Jane , Daneman Denis , Donaghue Kim C. , Jones Timothy W. , Mahmud Farid H. , Marshall Sally M. , Neil H. Andrew W. , Dalton R. Neil , Deanfield John , Dunger David B. ,   Adolescent Type 1 Diabetes Cardio-Renal Intervention Trial (AdDIT) Study Group, Acerini Carlo , Ackland Fran , Anand Binu , Barrett Tim , Birrell Virginia , Campbell Fiona , Charakida Marietta , Cheetham Tim , Chiesa Scott , Cooper Chris , Doughty Ian , Dutta Atanu , Edge Julie , Gray Alastair , Hamilton-Shield Julian , Mann Nick , Marcovecchio M. Loredana , Rayman Gerry , Robinson Jonathon Mark , Russell-Taylor Michelle , Sankar Vengudi , Smith Anne , Thalange Nandu , Yaliwal Chandan , Benitez-Aguirre Paul , Cameron Fergus , Cotterill Andrew , Couper Jennifer , Craig Maria , Davis Elizabeth , Donaghue Kim , Jones Timothy W. , Verge Charles , Bergman Phil , Rodda Christine , Clarson Cheril , Curtis Jacqueline , Daneman Denis , Mahmud Farid , Sochett Etienne , Marshall Sally , Armitage Jane , Bingley Polly , Van’t Hoff William , Dunger David , Dalton Neil , Daneman Denis , Neil Andrew , Deanfield John , Jones Tim , Donaghue Kim , Baigent Colin , Emberson Jon , Flather Marcus , Bilous Rudy 
Published: July 2018

OBJECTIVE
Baseline data from the Adolescent Type 1 Diabetes Cardio-Renal Intervention Trial (AdDIT) indicated that tertiles of urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratios (ACRs) in the normal range at age 10–16 years are associated with risk markers for diabetic nephropathy (DN) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to determine whether the top ACR tertile remained associated with DN and CVD risk over the 2–4-year AdDIT study.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
One hundred fifty adolescents (mean age 14.1 years [SD 1.6]) with baseline ACR in the upper tertile (high-ACR group) recruited to the AdDIT trial, who remained untreated, and 396 (age 14.3 years [1.6]) with ACR in the middle and lower tertiles (low-ACR group), who completed the parallel AdDIT observational study, were evaluated prospectively with assessments of ACR and renal and CVD markers, combined with carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) at baseline and end of study.

RESULTS
After a median follow-up of 3.9 years, the cumulative incidence of microalbuminuria was 16.3% in the high-ACR versus 5.5% in the low-ACR group (log-rank P &lt; 0.001). Cox models showed independent contributions of the high-ACR group (hazard ratio 4.29 [95% CI 2.08–8.85]) and HbA1c (1.37 [1.10–1.72]) to microalbuminuria risk. cIMT change from baseline was significantly greater in the high- versus low-ACR group (mean difference 0.010 mm [0.079], P = 0.006). Changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate, systolic blood pressure, and hs-CRP were also significantly greater in the high-ACR group (P &lt; 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
ACR at the higher end of the normal range at the age of 10–16 years is associated with an increased risk of progression to microalbuminuria and future CVD risk, independently of HbA1c.
Governança de TI nos Bancos de Varejo Brasileiros: Comportamento e Tendências
Authors: Chaves Elisabete C J , Galegale Napoleão Veradi , Azevedo Marilia Macorin de 
Published: July 2018

A Governança Corporativa, assim como a Governança de TI continuam sendo prioridades nas organizações para sustentar as suas operações e assegurar que possam implementar as estratégias necessárias para expandir as suas atividades no futuro. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar os resultados e tendências de requisitos e práticas de governança de TI nos bancos no Brasil. O método survey foi utilizado na pesquisa. Três questionários foram considerados, sendo o bloco 1 com perguntas sobre os bancos e respondentes, o bloco 2 sobre requisitos para atender a governança de TI e o bloco 3 sobre as práticas implementadas e a implantar até 2017. Os questionários foram enviados para mais de 100 bancos e respondentes e houve 41 respostas completas. Foi utilizada a escala Likert nas opções das alternativas. As informações coletadas foram estatisticamente analisadas utilizando: 1) Análise Descritiva e 2) Segmentação de Perfis por meio da análise de Cluster. Os resultados obtidos indicam quais requisitos e práticas estão sendo utilizados pelas instituições pesquisadas; em quais fases de implantação se encontram no cenário atual, bem como, qual é a previsão para implantação em 2017. Também são avaliados os resultados sobre a adesão dessas práticas e principais benefícios dos requisitos para atender a governança de TI.
Turnover no Varejo: Estudo em uma Rede Supermercadista em Belo Horizonte - MG
Authors: De Pinho Leandro Souza , Jeunon Ester Eliane , Duarte Leonora da Cunha 
Published: July 2018

Este relato apresenta resultados de um estudo de caso sobre a configuração do turnover e seu gerenciamento na Organização Verdemar, empreendimento atuante no varejo alimentício em Belo Horizonte (MG). O objetivo foi identificar os motivos de desligamento na organização e as políticas para seu gerenciamento. Para tanto, realizou-se pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, tendo como método a pesquisa documental (dados do turnover da organização) e de campo (entrevistas a especialistas de RH e líderes da organização, bem como questionários aplicados a amostra de 253 funcionários). O trabalho nos finais de semanas, o expediente característico da atividade e os excessos de faltas e atestados foram os motivos mais representativos para o desligamento. As principais práticas de gerenciamento do turnover levantadas foram a melhoria dos critérios de seleção e o treinamento dos profissionais. Verificou-se que organização possui percentuais de turnover abaixo da média nacional do segmento, justificado pela avaliação positiva dos funcionários a respeito das políticas de RH instituídas. Conclui-se que o investimento nas políticas e práticas de recursos humanos gera resultados tangíveis para o negócio.
A Formação de Redes de Empresas: o Caso da Região Central do Rio Grande do Sul – RS
Authors: Tonin Guerino Antonio , Ravanello Felipe da Silva , Bertóli Nilson César , Tonin Stefania 
Published: July 2018

O presente trabalho aborda o tema sobre o processo de formação de redes entre Pequenas e Médias Empresas (PMEs). A partir de evidências teóricas, a questão da pesquisa confrontada foi compreender como ocorre a formação de redes interorganizacionais horizontais. A pesquisa estudou e qualificou os fatores subjacentes à formação de redes horizontais de cooperação. No estágio de formação da rede, são analisados os fatores de motivação, escolha do grupo, papel da liderança e a confiança. Para verificar a experiência da formação das redes, o delineamento da pesquisa é de um estudo exploratório, com abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa. A pesquisa empírica foi conduzida por meio de entrevistas com os primeiros e atuais presidentes de nove redes horizontais na Região Central do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Também, para melhor entender o fenômeno e aprofundar o estudo aplicou-se um questionário junto aos empresários fundadores das redes. Os resultados da pesquisa evidenciam que as pressões contingenciais, como a concorrência, a dificuldade de obter recursos tangíveis e intangíveis, a falta de crédito, o baixo volume de negócio, exercem influência na motivação para formar redes, que buscam complementaridade de conhecimentos e resultados econômicos.