bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study on prevalence of symptomatic not confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis under 5 to 15 years of age in protein energy malnutrition children in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Das Sudhanshu Kumar , Subudhi Monalisa 
Published: June 2019

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) and malnutrition are important causes of morbidity and mortality in children, in developing countries. Tuberculosis can be a cause of malnutrition in children and also a common cause of pneumonia in such malnourished children. In the present study ,our aim is to know the prevalence and early clinical diagnosis of symptomatic not confirmed TB, in recent challenging environment, in protein energy malnutrition children, this information would certainly help clinicians in early detection, diagnosis and management of PTB (Pulmonary Tuberculosis) in such populations ,to reduce morbidity and mortality.Methods: We prospectively investigated protein energy malnutrition children, with clinical features of tuberculosis, between 5 to 15 years of age , admitted during 18 months of study period. Clinical and demographic data of studied children were collected. Anthropometric (Height and Weight) measurement and physical examination were made. PEM (Protein energy malnutrition) children were classified according to Indian academy of pediatric classification. History of BCG vaccination and exposure to contact were inquired. Chest radiography was done for all children in our study.Results: A total of 150 protein energy malnutrition children, between 5 to 15 years, admitted over 18 months period were studied. Majority of children were female as compared to male and under 5 to 10 years of age. Out of these, symptomatic not confirmed pulmonary TB 93 (62%) and Extra pulmonary TB 18 (12%) and Non TB cases were 39 (26%). According to Grade of PEM, symptomatic not confirmed pulmonary TB cases under grade III were 45 (48.5%) and 35 (37.6%) were under grade II .Conclusions: Pulmonary tuberculosis may be a common cause of pneumonia in malnourished children and the cause of death in these population. So Its frequency and early clinical detection ,even without microbiological confirmation and supportive evidence and treatment guideline should be made by more further study. So that, it will help clinicians to treat these population to reduce morbidity and mortality.
A study of growth pattern in regularly transfused thalassaemic children of age group of 2 years to 12 years
Authors: Badiger Shriharsha , Baruah Aditi 
Published: June 2019

Background: ß-thalassemia is an autosomal recessive single gene disorder. Physical growth failure is one of the most important complications of thalassemia. Very few data regarding growth pattern of thalassemic children is available from India especially North East part. Keeping this in mind, present study was undertaken. To study the growth pattern of transfusion dependent thalassaemic children and to compare growth pattern between regularly and irregularly transfused children.Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was done on 38 thalassaemic patients (aged 2 years-12 years) who attended Department of Pediatrics, Assam Medical College Dibrugarh. History, physical examination and investigations were done and filled in predesigned proforma. Anthropometric measurements like weight and height were taken from all patients. Sexual maturity rating was done in girls ≥10 years and boys ≥11 years. Lab parameters included pre-transfusion hemoglobin (Hb), serum ferritin, LFT, RFT, Thyroid profile. Percentile for weight, height and body mass index were calculated using WHO (2007) reference data. Collected data were compared with age and sex matched normal children.Results: About 34.21% transfusion dependent children had under-nutrition and 50% had stunting. 42% had thinness. Stunting was more in irregularly transfused children (81.25%) as compared to regularly transfused children which was highly significant (p<0.001). Under-nutrition among irregularly transfused children was more (40%) compared to regularly transfused children (28.57%). Pubertal spurt was delayed in 66% children. Those who had Hb <5 gm/dl had 100% stunting and under-nutrition.Conclusions: Regular blood transfusion with growth monitoring and appropriate iron chelation (Sr. Ferritin >1000 ng/ml) is of utmost importance in transfusion dependent thalassaemic children.
Analisis Pengendalian Kualitas Produk Air Minum Dalam Kemasan dengan Menggunakan Statistical Process Control (SPC) dan Kaizen Pada PT. Tujuh Impian Bersama Kabupaten Jember
Authors: Refangga Marga Area , Gusminto Eka Bambang , Musmedi Didik Pudjo 
Published: June 2019

This research aims to analyze the level of damage and identify factors causing damage AMDK 220ml that occurred on March 13 to 11 April 2017 at PT. Tujuh Impian Bersama. The company is engaged in bottled drinking water industry (AMDK) with Al Qodiri brand. This research uses descriptive statistical research model. The analysis used is Statistical Process Control (SPC) and Kaizen. The results of the analysis show that the quality control of the product is beyond the control limits set. The most damage type is dent pack as much as 239pcs. From the causal diagram can be known factors causing damage from the most dominant include machinery, raw materials, humans, and methods. Based on the kaizen implementation tools, the recommendations for improvement are routine maintenance and re-adjustment of production machines, more rigorous selection of suppliers with more stringent standards, and improved human resource performance through supervision and briefing.
Keywords: Bottled Water, Kaizen, Quality Control, Statistical Process Control
THE PATTERN OF ADEQUATE HOUSING RIGHTS FULFILLMENT IN INDONESIA
Authors: Madalina Maria , Purwadi Hari , Firdausy Adriana Grahani , . Achmad 
Published: June 2019

<p>The fulfillment of adequate housing is the part of the fulfillment of human rights as stated in the constitution. The state can not ignore and have to do it when he has the ability to comply the adequate housing for poor people. Adequate housing is more than material it is correlated with the human existence, hence it is categorized as human rights. As part of human rights, the fulfillment of this adequate housing is need to be respect, comply, and protect either by the state and society. The state need to take part to the fulfillment of adequate housing for those who can not afford it. As the state have the capability to realize the adequate housing for the poor, they can not ignore the human rights unfulfillment. This research focused on law guarantee recognition and the pattern of the adequate housing fulfillment in Indonesia. It is revealed that the pattern is correlated with the state political law which is the policy in the form of laws and local regulation that decided the direction, purpose, and the law substance in housing. Beside its society, the policy also need the private sector involvement, as a result the fulfillment of the adequate housing rights has to be done by the three party.</p>
PENGEMBANGAN PERMAINAN SMART ADVENTURE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KESIAPAN BELAJAR BERHITUNG PERMULAAN ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Dwiyanti Linda , Khan Rosa Imani , Kurniawati Epritha 
Published: June 2019

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sebuah permainan untuk meningkatkan kesiapan belajar berhitung permulaan anak usia dini, yakni Permainan Smart Adventure. Permainan ini dapat membantu anak untuk belajar kemampuan berhitung permulaan dengan metode yang menyenangkan (bermain) dan sesuai dengan karakteristik serta tahapan perkembangan anak usia dini. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif (mix method) dengan model penelitian dan pengembangan "Borg and Gall". Pelaksanaan uji coba kelompok kecil berdasarkan teori Wilcoxon â€œsigned-rank testâ€ dan Uji keefektivitasan permainan Smart Adventure menggunakan Paired- Simple T-Test. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah anak-anak kelompok B dua Lembaga Taman Kanak-kanak di Kota Kediri, tahun pelajaran 2017/2018. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada awal bulan Juni 2017 â€“ Agustus 2018. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data menunjukkan adanya perbedaan signifikan dalam kemampuan Calistung permulaan yaitu pada kelompok kontrol dan exsperimen sig. 0,0001. Kesimpulanya bahwa permainan Smart Adventure dinyatakan sebagai permainan yang efektif dan bermanfaat digunakan dalam pembelajaran untuk meningkatkan kesiapan belajar berhitung anak usia dini.
Corporate Social Responsibility - A Source of Industry Pride
Authors: Alnuaim Sami 
Published: June 2019

President's column
The SPE Strategic Plan 2018–2023 calls for claiming pride in our industry’s higher purpose, that of supplying energy to meet the needs of humanity. The industry has been vital to global well-being long before the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) was coined. CSR is a key way that business can address stakeholder concerns that are beyond its core KPIs—the relationship between business and the long term; between business and the development of the communities and countries within which they operate successfully; between business and pressing social problems such as poverty alleviation, capacity building, education, health, local economy, and the environment.
I have traveled the world this year promoting sustainable development in our industry and learning about our industry’s accomplishments. I am impressed, yet I can see that we need to think even bigger and better about our role in society, and in history. While the use of our products has raised living standards for billions of people, the pace of human development is having detrimental impacts on nature. Our industry not only applies its ingenuity and innovation to addressing its own impacts, but also actively participates in global efforts to tackle some of the world’s most significant sustainability challenges. As the source of more than 50% of the world’s energy, the scope of our opportunities, and our responsibilities, is huge.
CSR grew from man’s impact on his surroundings—people and nature. The term is vigorously discussed, disputed, and frequently substituted by other terms. Semantic nuances and sensibilities matter, and they reflect the different cultures, drivers, and contexts in which business is conducted. A widely accepted definition is the one crafted by the World Business Council for Sustainable Development: “Corporate social responsibility is the continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as of the local community and society at large.” The concepts and practices engendered by that definition are now central to how business is conducted. It also aligns well with SPE’s definition of sustainability.
Christiaan Luca, a 2018–2019 Distinguished Lecturer, has devised a model that graphically illustrates the clear shift in perspective required to access the benefits of CSR—a society- centric view of the world with one’s company as one stakeholder in society amongst many vs. a company-centric view of the world (JPT April 2018).
Exploring the Innovative Evolution of Hydraulic Fracturing
Authors: Zborowski Matt 
Published: June 2019

Fueled by a culture of innovation, hydraulic fracturing has transformed the energy landscape from inside North America out. But achieving that paradigm shift took years of improving subsurface understanding, technology development, and fine-tuning the completions practice through trial and error.
Authors from Liberty Oilfield Services set out to document this evolution in SPE 194345 as they took a deep dive into fracturing history. Their paper traces the advancements in fracturing study and deployment from its earliest days to the present.
Fracturing first took place in 1947 and has grown exponentially in uptake over the past 2 decades. The result has been the shale revolution, which has catapulted the US to at or near the top of the world in both crude oil and natural gas production.
Between 2000—just after fracturing pioneer Mitchell Energy began commercial shale production—and 2018, yearly US dry gas production went to 83 Bcf/D from 53 Bcf/D while US crude output climbed to just under 11 million B/D from 5.8 million B/D, according to data from the US Energy Information Administration. Once largely dependent on imports, the country has become a net gas exporter and oil exports are reaching new heights.
During that same period, increased fracturing intensity and a better knowledge of the subsurface complexities associated with the completions practice resulted in North American pressure pumping horsepower rising tenfold, yearly frac stage count growing twentyfold, and proppant mass pumped jumping fortyfold.
Since the turn of the millennium, “the difference has really become that we bring the frac down to the hydrocarbon molecule in the rock,” said Leen Weijers, vice president of engineering at Liberty Oilfield Services, at the recent SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference in The Woodlands, Texas. “We do that with multistage horizontal wells and a focus on complexity, creating a plumbing system that is two miles long and maybe half-a-mile-wide and maybe 500 ft in height.”
Background: Mineral Rights, Fracture Study
Weijers et al. first noted the importance of private mineral ownership in spurring unconventional development in the US. Mineral owners can develop, borrow against, or sell their land, meaning they have a direct stake in the high-risk, high-reward mineral development game. As the industry became more aware of the gas and oil recovery potential from shale, small independents began scooping up acreage, benefitting from their familiarity with the communities in which they operated or planned to operate.
A major step forward in understanding the subsurface impact of hydraulic fracturing, Weijers et al. said, came with the realization by Warpinski et al. (1991) that fractures are complex, with dozens of parallel fractures growing simultaneously during a job in a narrow, 20–40 ft-wide zone. This dispelled the previous belief that simple bi-wing fractures extended from the wellbore, stimulating further study of fracture growth.
Technology Focus: Wellbore Tubulars (July 2019)
Authors: Samuel Robello 
Published: June 2019

Technology Focus
The oil and gas industry recently has transformed itself into a data-intensive industry with the addition of artificial intelligence, intelligent or cognitive computing, machine learning, the Internet of things, and robotics. With such growth and expansion, various exponential technologies can carry the energy industry’s transformation forward in the new era of cyberautomation.
Exponential technology and its adoption is based on my growth criterion, defined as
Exponential Growth = (Exponential Technology)(Exponential Thinking)
Exponential technologies in other industries drive the industry after the bifurcation point, depending on how the knowledge is being assimilated. Exponential thinking is called the “exponential surprise factor.” These underpinnings are observed on the tubular-mechanics side also through data analytics, machine learning, artificial intelligence, and cognitive processes.
Even though we have made some inroads, we have to deal with a complex high-aspect-ratio system of length to diameter, connected from surface to bottom by way of drillstring, casing string, and tubing string that is also highly dynamic in nature. We are making advancements by changing the tubulars from dumb iron to intelligent tubulars. The complexity of tubular modeling is very specific to our industry; we deal with many uncertainties and coupled variables and not observed effects. Because of the inherently exquisite difficulties of turning modeling to action, we need a strong coupling between the data and physics-based engineering models. As we move to automation, we need a strong coupling with the tubular engineering and manufacturing through data analytics in the form of adaptive engineering summarization to control the bit from surface. This is a combination of white-box models, which are perfectly specified by previous knowledge and physical insight through laboratory tests, reliability studies, and black-box models, which are models in the absence of a priori physical knowledge or insight that will result in the downhole state. In this way, paradoxes of the tubular behavior are neutralized, speculations are suppressed, conundrums are counteracted, and engineering principles are honored so that we have empirically verifiable and practically dependable models.
I have selected a few papers that are structured toward this hybrid approach that includes data mining, design improvement, and reliability.
SPE 195203 Numerical Study on Casing Integrity During Hydraulic Fracturing Shale Formation by Xiaye Wu, University of Oklahoma, et al.
SPE 194155 Frictional Heating of Casing Due to Drillstring Rotation—Finite Element and CFD Simulations by Wissam Assaad, Shell, et al.
Electromagnetic-Based Tool Allows In-Situ Inspection of Multiple Metallic Tubulars
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: June 2019

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 194269, “An Advanced Technique for Simultaneous In-Situ Inspection of Multiple Metallic Tubulars,” by Yanxiang Yu, William Redfield, SPE, Nicholas Boggs, Kuang Qin, Marvin Rourke, SPE, and Jeff Olson, SPE, GOWell International, and Mosunmola Ekije, Fluor Federal Petroleum Operations, prepared for the 2019 SPE/ICoTA Well Intervention Conference and Exhibition, The Woodlands, Texas, USA, 26–27 March. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
A new pulsed-eddy-current (PEC) electromagnetic (EM)-based tool called an enhanced pipe-thickness-detection tool (ePDT) has been introduced for the corrosion inspection of multiple pipes. The tool can measure the metal wall thickness of five concentric pipes with a maximum outer diameter (OD) of up to 26 in. This capability, along with the tool’s unique configuration, provides an advanced downhole solution for tubular evaluations of production, injector, and storage wells.
Introduction
As hydrocarbon production and storage wells age and new production and storage wells are exposed to elevated concentrations of corrosive fluids, well-integrity monitoring is gaining more attention. These factors have influenced well-performance, safety, and environmental concerns. Early, periodic monitoring of tubular corrosion and other defects can reduce the risks of serious leaks or well failures in a cost-effective way.
Historically, the continuous sinusoidal-signal-based far-field eddy-current (FFEC) technologies have been developed and deployed for multiple-concentric-pipe average-thickness measurements. However, FFEC is adversely influenced by the strong interference of direct excitation signal transmission coupling and the EM skin effect; this reduces the pipe response because of a decreasing signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) that does not allow quantitative evaluation of more than two concentric pipes.
In contrast, the PEC-excited EM signal contains wideband frequency components from kilo-Hertz to sub-Hertz range. The low-frequency EM signals penetrate concentric metal pipes effectively. The induced PEC on each tubular has different initial amplitude and decay rates because of a combination of OD, thickness, and EM parameters. After excitation, magnetic-field changes triggered by a combination of mutual inductive interactions among the pipes, eddy-current diffusion, and damping are picked up by the receiving coil during the acquisition window. Research and field applications have proved that the PEC method is more reliable for average thickness detection in multiple pipes. In previous studies by the authors, three pipes with up to 17-in. OD can be detected by magnetic tools. However, because of the combination of high signal dynamic range, inadequate SNR, extraneous tool motion, and troublesome interference of pipe magnetization, it has proved difficult for these tools to quantify thicknesses of outer pipes reliably in the presence of more than three concentric tubulars or at ODs greater than 17 in.
Reducing preterm mortality in eastern Uganda: The impact of introducing low-cost bubble CPAP on neonates &lt;1500g
Authors: Egiru Emmanuel , Okello Francis , Ikiror Juliet , Acom Linda , Loe Kate SM , Olupot-Olupot Peter , Burgoine Kathy 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

Complications of prematurity are the leading cause of deaths in children under the age of five. The predominant reason for these preterm deaths is respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). In low-income countries (LICs) there are limited treatment options for RDS. Due to their simplicity and affordability, low-cost bubble continuous positive airway pressure (bCPAP) devices have been introduced in neonatal units in LICs to treat RDS. This study is the first observational study from a LIC to compare outcomes of preterm neonates in pre- and post-CPAP periods.

Methods

This was a retrospective study in Mbale Regional Referral Hospital Neonatal Unit (MRRH-NNU), a government hospital in eastern Uganda. Two study periods were identified. A 14-month study period beginning at the opening of MRRH-NNU and covering the period until bCPAP was introduced (pre-bCPAP) and an 18-month period after bCPAP was introduced (post-bCPAP). After the introduction of bCPAP, it was applied to preterm neonates with RDS when clinically indicated and if a device was available. Clinical features and outcomes of all neonates <1500g were compared before and after the introduction of bCPAP.

Results

The admission records of 377 preterm neonates <1500g were obtained. 158 were admitted in pre-bCPAP period and 219 after. The mortality rate in pre- bCPAP period was 39.2% (62/158) compared with 26.5% (58/219, P=0.012) in post-bCPAP period. There were no differences in birthweight, sex, presence of signs of respiratory distress or apnoea between the two groups.

Conclusion

Specialized and resource-appropriate neonatal care that appropriately addresses the challenges of healthcare provision in LICs has the potential to reduce neonatal deaths. The use of a low-cost bCPAP to treat RDS in preterm neonates <1500g resulted in a significant improvement in their survival in a neonatal unit in eastern Uganda. Implementing bCPAP with adequate training and supervision could significantly reduce preterm mortality in LICs.
GWAS and co-expression network combination uncovers multigenes with close linkage effects on oleic acid content accumulation in Brassica napus
Authors: Qian Lunwen , Yao Min , Guan Mei , Zhang Zhenqian , Zhang Qiuping , Cui Yixin , Chen Hao , Liu Wei , Jan Habib U. , Voss-Fels Kai P. , Werner Christian R. , He Xin , Guan Chunyun , Liu Zhongsong , Snowdon Rod J. , Hua Wei 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Abstract
Background: Strong artificial and natural selection causes the formation of highly conserved haplotypes that harbor agronomically important genes. GWAS in combination with haplotype analysis has evolved as an effective method to dissect the genetic architecture of complex traits in crop species.
Results: We used the 60K Brassica Infinium SNP array to perform a genome-wide analysis of haplotype blocks associated with oleic acid (C18:1) in rapeseed. Six haplotype regions were identified as significantly associated with oleic acid (C18:1) that mapped to chromosomes A02, A07, A08, C01, C02 and C03. Additionally, whole-genome sequencing of 50 rapeseed lines revealed three genes (BnmtACP2-A02, BnABCI13-A02 and BnECI1-A02) in the A02 chromosome haplotype region and two genes (BnFAD8-C02 and BnSDP1-C02) in the C02 chromosome haplotype region that were closely linked to oleic acid content phenotypic variation. Moreover, the co-expression network analysis uncovered candidate genes from these two different haplotype regions with potential regulatory interrelationships with oleic acid content accumulation.
Conclusions: Our results suggest that several candidate genes are closely linked, which provides us with an opportunity to develop functional haplotype markers for the improvement of the oleic acid content in rapeseed.