bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Riparian buffers in tropical agriculture: Scientific support, effectiveness and directions for policy
Authors: Luke Sarah H. , Slade Eleanor M. , Gray Claudia L. , Annammala Kogila V. , Drewer Julia , Williamson Joseph , Agama Agnes L. , Ationg Miklin , Mitchell Simon L. , Vairappan Charles S. , Struebig Matthew J. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

There is a weak evidence base supporting the effective management of riparian ecosystems within tropical agriculture. Policies to protect riparian buffers—strips of non‐cultivated land alongside waterways—are vague and vary greatly between countries.

From a rapid evidence appraisal, we find that riparian buffers are beneficial to hydrology, water quality, biodiversity and some ecosystem functions in tropical landscapes. However, effects on connectivity, carbon storage and emissions reduction remain understudied. Riparian functions are mediated by buffer width and habitat quality, but explicit threshold recommendations are rare.

Policy implications. A one‐size fits all width criterion, commonly applied, will be insufficient to provide all riparian functions in all circumstances. Context‐specific guidelines for allocating, restoring and managing riparian buffers are necessary to minimise continued degradation of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in tropical agriculture.
Practical considerations for operationalizing dynamic management tools
Authors: Welch Heather , Hazen Elliott L. , Bograd Steven J. , Jacox Michael G. , Brodie Stephanie , Robinson Dale , Scales Kylie L. , Dewitt Lynn , Lewison Rebecca 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Dynamic management (DM) is a novel approach to spatial management that aligns scales of environmental variability, animal movement and human uses. While static approaches to spatial management rely on one‐time assessments of biological, environmental, economic, and/or social conditions, dynamic approaches repeatedly assess conditions to produce regularly updated management recommendations. Owing to this complexity, particularly regarding operational challenges, examples of applied DM are rare. To implement DM, scientific methodologies are operationalized into tools, i.e., self‐contained workflows that run automatically at a prescribed temporal frequency (e.g., daily, weekly, monthly).

Here we present a start‐to‐finish framework for operationalizing DM tools, consisting of four stages: Acquisition, Prediction, Dissemination, and Automation. We illustrate this operationalization framework using an applied DM tool as a case study.

Our DM tool operates in near real‐time and was designed to maximize target catch and minimize bycatch of non‐target and protected species in a US‐based commercial fishery. It is important to quantify the sensitivity of DM tools to missing data, because dissemination streams for observed (i.e., remotely sensed or directly sampled) data can experience delays or gaps. To address this issue, we perform a detailed example sensitivity analysis using our case study tool.

Synthesis and applications. Dynamic management (DM) tools are emerging as viable management solutions to accommodate the biological, environmental, economic, and social variability in our fundamentally dynamic world. Our four‐stage operationalization framework and case study can facilitate the implementation of DM tools for a wide array of resource and disturbance management objectives.
Retinal oxygen saturation as a non‐invasive estimate for mixed venous oxygen saturation and cardiac output
Authors: Van Keer Karel , Van Keer Jan , Barbosa Breda João , Nassiri Vahid , Van Cleemput Johan , Abegão Pinto Luìs , Stalmans Ingeborg , Vandewalle Evelien 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the correlation between retinal vessel oxygen saturation and mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2‐mixed) and cardiac output (CO).MethodsRetinal arterial (SaO2‐retinal) and venous (SvO2‐retinal) oxygen saturation were measured non‐invasively with dual‐wavelength retinal oximetry in subjects receiving invasive measurements of SvO2‐mixed and CO through right heart catheterization. Correlations were analysed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficients and linear regression models.ResultsFourteen patients (median age 62.7 years, range: 21–77) were included in the analysis. When adjusted for age, SvO2‐retinal showed a positive correlation with SvO2‐mixed (β = 0.80, p = 0.003). Retinal arteriovenous oxygen saturation difference was significantly correlated with the inverse of CO (Spearman's ρ = 0.59, p = 0.026).ConclusionThis pilot study provides proof of concept for the use of retinal oximetry as a non‐invasive tool to assess systemic cardiovascular function.
The emerging role of stimulator of interferons genes signaling in sepsis: Inflammation, autophagy, and cell death
Authors: Hu Qiongyuan , Knight Patrick H. , Ren Yanhan , Ren Huajian , Zheng Jiashuo , Wu Xiuwen , Ren Jianan , Sawyer Robert G. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractStimulator of interferons genes (STING) is an adaptor protein that plays a critical role in the secretion of type I interferons and pro‐inflammatory cytokines in response to cytosolic nucleic acid. Recent research indicates the involvement of the STING pathway in uncontrolled inflammation, sepsis, and shock. STING signaling is significantly up‐regulated in human sepsis, and STING agonists are suggested to contribute to the pathogenesis of sepsis and shock. Nevertheless, little is known about the consequences of activated STING‐mediated signaling during sepsis. It has been shown that aberrant activation of the STING‐dependent way can result in increased inflammation, type I interferons responses, and cell death (including apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis). In addition, autophagy modulation has been demonstrated to protect against multiple organs injuries in animal sepsis model. However, impaired autophagy may contribute to the aberrant activation of STING signaling, leading to uncontrolled inflammation and cell death. Here we present a comprehensive review of recent advances in the understanding of STING signaling, focusing on the regulatory mechanisms and the roles of this pathway in sepsis.
The sympathetic nervous system regulates skeletal muscle motor innervation and acetylcholine receptor stability
Authors: Rodrigues Anna C. Z. , Messi Maria L. , Wang Zhong‐Min , Abba Martin C. , Pereyra Andrea , Birbrair Alexander , Zhang Tan , O’Meara Meaghan , Kwan Ping , Lopez Elsa I. S. , Willis Monte S. , Mintz Akiva , Files D. Clark , Furdui Cristina , Oppenheim Ronald W. , Delbono Osvaldo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimSymptoms of autonomic failure are frequently the presentation of advanced age and neurodegenerative diseases that impair adaptation to common physiologic stressors. The aim of this work was to examine the interaction between the sympathetic and motor nervous system, the involvement of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in neuromuscular junction (NMJ) presynaptic motor function, the stability of postsynaptic molecular organization, and the skeletal muscle composition and function.MethodsSince muscle weakness is a symptom of diseases characterized by autonomic dysfunction, we studied the impact of regional sympathetic ablation on muscle motor innervation by using transcriptome analysis, retrograde tracing of the sympathetic outflow to the skeletal muscle, confocal and electron microscopy, NMJ transmission by electrophysiological methods, protein analysis, and state of the art microsurgical techniques, in C57BL6, MuRF1KO and Thy‐1 mice.ResultsWe found that the SNS regulates motor nerve synaptic vesicle release, skeletal muscle transcriptome, muscle force generated by motor nerve activity, axonal neurofilament phosphorylation, myelin thickness, and myofibre subtype composition and CSA. The SNS also modulates the levels of postsynaptic membrane acetylcholine receptor by regulating the Gαi2‐Hdac4‐Myogenin‐MuRF1pathway, which is prevented by the overexpression of the guanine nucleotide‐binding protein Gαi2 (Q205L), a constitutively active mutant G protein subunit.ConclusionThe SNS regulates NMJ transmission, maintains optimal Gαi2 expression, and prevents any increase in Hdac4, myogenin, MuRF1, and miR‐206. SNS ablation leads to upregulation of MuRF1, muscle atrophy, and downregulation of postsynaptic AChR. Our findings are relevant to clinical conditions characterized by progressive decline of sympathetic innervation, such as neurodegenerative diseases and aging.
Ratios of specific IgG4 over IgE antibodies do not improve prediction of peanut allergy nor of its severity compared to specific IgE alone
Authors: Datema Mareen R. , Eller Esben , Zwinderman Aeilko H. , Poulsen Lars K. , Versteeg Serge A. , van Ree Ronald , Bindslev‐Jensen Carsten 
Published: September 2018

SummaryBackgroundIgG4 antibodies have been suggested to play a protective role in the translation of peanut sensitization into peanut allergy. Whether they have added value as diagnostic read‐out has not yet been reported.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether (a) peanut‐specific IgG, IgG4 and/or IgA antibodies are associated with tolerance and/or less severe reactions and (b) they can improve IgE‐based diagnostic tests.MethodsSera of 137 patients with challenge‐proven peanut allergy and of 25 subjects that tolerated peanut, both with known IgE profiles to peanut extract and five individual peanut allergens, were analyzed for specific IgG and IgG4. Antibody levels and ratios thereof were associated with challenge outcome including symptom severity grades. For comparison of the discriminative performance, receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was used.ResultsIgE against Ara h 2 was significantly higher in allergic than in tolerant patients and associated with severity of reactions (P < 0.001) with substantial diagnostic capability (AUC 0.91, 95%CI 0.87‐0.96 and 0.80, 95%CI 0.73‐0.87, respectively). IgG and IgG4 were also positively associated albeit significantly weaker (AUCs from 0.65 to 0.72). On the other hand, ratios of IgG and IgG4 over IgE were greater in patients that were tolerant or had mild symptoms as compared to severe patients but they did not predict challenge outcomes better than IgE alone (AUCs from 0.54 to 0.89).ConclusionIgE against Ara h 2 is the best biomarker for predicting peanut challenge outcomes including severity and IgG and IgG4 antibody ratios over IgE do not improve these outcomes.
Chronic pain after rectal cancer surgery – development and validation of a scoring system
Authors: Mortensen A. R. , Thyø A. , Emmertsen K. J. , Laurberg S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimThe aim was to develop and validate a scoring system for the assessment of chronic pain on quality of life (QoL) following surgical treatment of rectal cancer (RC).MethodPatients diagnosed with RC between 2001 and 2014 in Denmark were evaluated for inclusion. Eligible patients were mailed questionnaires concerning pain and QoL. Questionnaire items were associated with QoL by odds ratio using regression analyses. The patients were randomized into a development group and a validation group. The most significant items were each assigned a score value based on multivariate‐adjusted odds ratio. Validity was tested in the validation group using receiver operating characteristic curves and European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire – Core 30 (EORTC QLQ‐30).ResultsA total of 1928 eligible patients completed the questionnaire; 1072 were randomized to the development group and 856 to the validation group. The calculated scores included the six most important questionnaire items giving a score range of 0–45 which identified three groups: no significant pain, minor pain syndrome and major pain syndrome. Our results suggest a significant correlation between QoL assessment and the presence of major pain.ConclusionWe have developed and validated a reliable, QoL‐based scoring system for chronic post‐surgical pain following RC.
Viewpoint: Developing drugs for levodopa‐induced dyskinesia in PD: Lessons learnt, what does the future hold?
Authors: Fox Susan H. , Brotchie Jonathan M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe drive to develop drugs to treat PD starts and ends with the patient. Herein, we discuss how the experience with drug development for LID has led the field in translational studies in PD with advancing ground‐breaking science via rigorous clinical trial design, to deliver clinical proof‐of‐concepts across multiple therapeutic targets. However, issues remain in advancing drugs efficacious preclinically to the clinic, and future studies need to learn from past successes and failures. Such lessons include implementing better early indicators of tolerability, for instance evaluating non‐motor symptoms in preclinical models; improving patient‐related outcome measures in clinical trials, as well as considering the unique nature of dyskinesia in an individual patient. The field of translational studies needs to become more patient focused to improve successful outcomes.
Midfrontal theta transcranial alternating current stimulation modulates behavioural adjustment after error execution
Authors: Fusco Gabriele , Scandola Michele , Feurra Matteo , Pavone Enea F. , Rossi Simone , Aglioti Salvatore M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCognitive control during conflict monitoring, error processing, and post‐error adjustment appear to be associated with the occurrence of midfrontal theta (MFϴ). While this association is supported by correlational EEG studies, much less is known about the possible causal link between MFϴ and error and conflict processing. In the present study, we aimed to explore the role of band‐specific effects in modulating the error system during a conflict resolution. In turn, we delivered transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) at different frequency bands (delta δ, theta θ, alpha α, beta β, gamma γ) and sham stimulation over the medial frontal cortex (MFC) in 36 healthy participants performing a modified version of the Flanker task. Task performance and reports about the sensations (e.g. visual flickering, cutaneous burning) induced by the different frequency bands, were also recorded. We found that online θ‐tACS increased the response speed to congruent stimuli after error execution with respect to sham stimulation. Importantly, the accuracy following the errors did not decrease because of speed‐accuracy trade off. Moreover, tACS evoked visual and somatosensory sensations were significantly stronger at α‐tACS and β‐tACS compared to other frequencies. Our findings suggest that theta activity plays a causative role in modulating behavioural adjustments during perceptual choices in a stimulus‐response conflict task.
The Linked Clinical Trials initiative (LCT) for Parkinson's disease
Authors: Brundin Patrik , Wyse Richard K. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe Linked Clinical Trials (LCT) initiative is a drug repurposing programme specifically aimed at identifying drugs that can slow the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). Tom Isaacs was one of the key people behind the idea of LCT in 2011. He ensured it became a priority of The Cure Parkinson's Trust (CPT), a philanthropic funding body based in the UK which Tom had co‐founded 7 years earlier. During the latter 6 years of his life, Tom Isaacs was heavily involved in the LCT initiative and held the programme dear to his heart. This article describes the genesis of LCT and how the LCT scientific committee evaluates candidate drugs. From 2012, this committee has met annually to prioritise drugs suitable for repurposing in PD. This article does not catalogue every clinical trial within the LCT programme, but describes the 10 clinical trials that emerged either directly, or as an offspring from discussions, at the first meeting of the LCT scientific committee. Some, but not all, are funded by CPT, and all 10 trials are now either completed or ongoing. These trials use drugs developed to address one of the four therapeutic targets: glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor, iron, and c‐abl tyrosine kinase. We conclude the LCT programme has already sparked a large number of promising clinical trials aimed at slowing PD progression. In doing so, it is a major legacy of Tom Isaacs, carrying the torch he once lit and conveying a sense of urgency for new and life‐transforming therapies for people with PD.
Aging and the clock: Perspective from flies to humans
Authors: De Nobrega Aliza K. , Lyons Lisa C. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEndogenous circadian oscillators regulate molecular, cellular and physiological rhythms, synchronizing tissues and organ function to coordinate activity and metabolism with environmental cycles. The technological nature of modern society with round‐the‐clock work schedules and heavy reliance on personal electronics has precipitated a striking increase in the incidence of circadian and sleep disorders. Circadian dysfunction contributes to an increased risk for many diseases and appears to have adverse effects on aging and longevity in animal models. From invertebrate organisms to humans, the function and synchronization of the circadian system weakens with age aggravating the age‐related disorders and pathologies. In this review, we highlight the impacts of circadian dysfunction on aging and longevity and the reciprocal effects of aging on circadian function with examples from Drosophila to humans underscoring the highly conserved nature of these interactions. Additionally, we review the potential for using reinforcement of the circadian system to promote healthy aging and mitigate age‐related pathologies. Advancements in medicine and public health have significantly increased human life span in the past century. With the demographics of countries worldwide shifting to an older population, there is a critical need to understand the factors that shape healthy aging. Drosophila melanogaster, as a model for aging and circadian interactions, has the capacity to facilitate the rapid advancement of research in this area and provide mechanistic insights for targeted investigations in mammals.
Recurring circadian disruption alters circadian clock sensitivity to resetting
Authors: Leise Tanya L. , Goldberg Ariella , Michael John , Montoya Grace , Solow Sabrina , Molyneux Penny , Vetrivelan Ramalingam , Harrington Mary E. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA single phase advance of the light:dark (LD) cycle can temporarily disrupt synchrony of neural circadian rhythms within the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and between the SCN and peripheral tissues. Compounding this, modern life can involve repeated disruptive light conditions. To model chronic disruption to the circadian system, we exposed male mice to more than a month of a 20‐hr light cycle (LD10:10), which mice typically cannot entrain to. Control animals were housed under LD12:12. We measured locomotor activity and body temperature rhythms in vivo, and rhythms of PER2::LUC bioluminescence in SCN and peripheral tissues ex vivo. Unexpectedly, we discovered strong effects of the time of dissection on circadian phase of PER2::LUC bioluminescent rhythms, which varied across tissues. White adipose tissue was strongly reset by dissection, while thymus phase appeared independent of dissection timing. Prior light exposure impacted the SCN, resulting in strong resetting of SCN phase by dissection for mice housed under LD10:10, and weak phase shifts by time of dissection in SCN from control LD12:12 mice. These findings suggest that exposure to circadian disruption may desynchronize SCN neurons, increasing network sensitivity to perturbations. We propose that tissues with a weakened circadian network, such as the SCN under disruptive light conditions, or with little to no coupling, for example, some peripheral tissues, will show increased resetting effects. In particular, exposure to light at inconsistent circadian times on a recurring weekly basis disrupts circadian rhythms and alters sensitivity of the SCN neural pacemaker to dissection time.
The unlikely partnership between LRRK2 and α‐synuclein in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Cresto Noémie , Gardier Camille , Gubinelli Francesco , Gaillard Marie‐Claude , Liot Géraldine , West Andrew B. , Brouillet Emmanuel 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOur understanding of the mechanisms underlying Parkinson's disease, the once archetypical nongenetic neurogenerative disorder, has dramatically increased with the identification of α‐synuclein and LRRK2 pathogenic mutations. While α‐synuclein protein composes the aggregates that can spread through much of the brain in disease, LRRK2 encodes a multidomain dual‐enzyme distinct from any other protein linked to neurodegeneration. In this review, we discuss emergent datasets from multiple model systems that suggest these unlikely partners do interact in important ways in disease, both within cells that express both LRRK2 and α‐synuclein as well as through more indirect pathways that might involve neuroinflammation. Although the link between LRRK2 and disease can be understood in part through LRRK2 kinase activity (phosphotransferase activity), α‐synuclein toxicity is multilayered and plausibly interacts with LRRK2 kinase activity in several ways. We discuss common protein interactors like 14‐3‐3s that may regulate α‐synuclein and LRRK2 in disease. Finally, we examine cellular pathways and outcomes common to both mutant α‐synuclein expression and LRRK2 activity and points of intersection. Understanding the interplay between these two unlikely partners in disease may provide new therapeutic avenues for PD.
Factors affecting the likelihood of pregnancy and embryonic loss after transfer of cryopreserved in vitro produced equine embryos
Authors: Claes A. , Cuervo‐Arango J. , van den Broek J. , Galli C. , Colleoni S. , Lazzari G. , Deelen C. , Beitsma M. , Stout T. A. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryBackgroundIn vitro embryo production (IVEP) is increasingly popular but data assessing the outcome of transferred embryos are scarce.ObjectivesTo determine the likelihood of pregnancy and embryonic loss after transfer of frozen‐thawed IVP embryos and identify factors influencing success.Study designRetrospective clinical study.MethodsBlastocysts (n = 261) were produced from immature oocytes of Warmblood mares (n = 116) by Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) and in vitro culture, and cryopreserved. Thawed IVP embryos were transferred into recipient mares on day 4, 5 or 6 after ovulation. The influence of donor mare (age, reproductive history), recipient mare (age, reproductive status, management; in‐house vs. outpatient, day post‐ovulation), embryo (interval from ICSI to blastocyst formation) and management factors (season when ovum pickup was performed, year and method of transfer) on likelihood of pregnancy and embryonic loss was examined, and the developmental stage of the IVP embryo at the time of transfer was estimated.ResultsThe percentage of mares pregnant 7–10, 23 and 37 days after transfer was 56% (147/261), 49% (129/261), and 48% (124/261), respectively. Development of IVP embryos after transfer equated to day 5 or 6 in vivo embryos. With the exception of year of transfer, none of the factors had an impact on the likelihood of pregnancy or embryonic loss. Nevertheless, the likelihood of pregnancy tended to be lower for IVP embryos from infertile mares or when embryos were transferred into recipient mares on day 6 after ovulation rather than on day 4 or 5. Finally, the diameter of the embryonic vesicle 7 days post transfer was lower for pregnancies that were lost compared to those that were maintained.Main limitationsSmall sample size in some of the donor and recipient mare categories.ConclusionsCryopreserved IVP embryos should be transferred into recipient mares on day 4 or 5 after ovulation and a slower rate of post transfer vesicle expansion indicates a higher risk of subsequent embryonic loss
The Summary is available in Portuguese ‐ see Supporting Information