bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine-learning Algorithm to Predict Hypotension Based on High-fidelity Arterial Pressure Waveform Analysis
Authors: Hatib Feras , Jian Zhongping , Buddi Sai , Lee Christine , Settels Jos , Sibert Karen , Rinehart Joseph , Cannesson Maxime 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Editor’s Perspective

What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New

Background
With appropriate algorithms, computers can learn to detect patterns and associations in large data sets. The authors’ goal was to apply machine learning to arterial pressure waveforms and create an algorithm to predict hypotension. The algorithm detects early alteration in waveforms that can herald the weakening of cardiovascular compensatory mechanisms affecting preload, afterload, and contractility.

Methods
The algorithm was developed with two different data sources: (1) a retrospective cohort, used for training, consisting of 1,334 patients’ records with 545,959 min of arterial waveform recording and 25,461 episodes of hypotension; and (2) a prospective, local hospital cohort used for external validation, consisting of 204 patients’ records with 33,236 min of arterial waveform recording and 1,923 episodes of hypotension. The algorithm relates a large set of features calculated from the high-fidelity arterial pressure waveform to the prediction of an upcoming hypotensive event (mean arterial pressure < 65 mmHg). Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis evaluated the algorithm’s success in predicting hypotension, defined as mean arterial pressure less than 65 mmHg.

Results
Using 3,022 individual features per cardiac cycle, the algorithm predicted arterial hypotension with a sensitivity and specificity of 88% (85 to 90%) and 87% (85 to 90%) 15 min before a hypotensive event (area under the curve, 0.95 [0.94 to 0.95]); 89% (87 to 91%) and 90% (87 to 92%) 10 min before (area under the curve, 0.95 [0.95 to 0.96]); 92% (90 to 94%) and 92% (90 to 94%) 5 min before (area under the curve, 0.97 [0.97 to 0.98]).

Conclusions
The results demonstrate that a machine-learning algorithm can be trained, with large data sets of high-fidelity arterial waveforms, to predict hypotension in surgical patients’ records.
Vomer Flap: A Golden Tool for the Treatment of Cleft Palate
Authors: Díaz Rafael Gómez , Díaz Oswaldo Javir Gómez , Gallardo Luz Elena Rueda 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Despite the lack of consensus regarding the treatment of labio-palatal clefts, each treatment protocol is the expression of an individual perspective that accumulates the experience of each multidisciplinary group, which all pursue the same goal: to achieve adequate language development with the lowest possible impact on facial growth. To achieve this, a management scheme has been developed, this exploits vomer flaps for the closure of palatal clefts and limits dissections in the palatine segments. Modifications are presented in the design and dissection of vomer flaps, so as to use the largest amount of mucosal tissue available, thus facilitating closure of the different clefts, particularly in Veau Group III clefts.
Objective Assessment of Lingual Nerve Microsurgical Reconstruction
Authors: Biglioli Federico , Lozza Alessandro , Colletti Giacomo , Allevi Fabiana 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Lingual nerve (LN) injury is one of the most serious consequences of oral surgery. Prompt microsurgical reconstruction of the nerve can alleviate most of those symptoms leading to satisfactory functional recovery.
Thirty-five patients with partial to complete LN injury underwent surgery in the period between January 2006 and May 2015. All patients underwent a preoperative clinical and neurological evaluation with the assessment of lingual tactile and pain sensory thresholds and masseteric inhibitory reflex.
All patients underwent explorative surgery and direct microneurorrhaphy of distal and proximal stumps in case of complete lesion, while the removal of traumatic neuroma and the following microneurorrhaphy of distal and proximal stumps of the injured nerve was performed in case of incomplete lesion. Nerve grafting has always been avoided because of distal stump mobilization obtained by severing the submandibular branch of the LN.
All patients but 1 exhibited good recovery of tongue sensation, never complete, both clinically and electrophysiologically: recovery of the excitability of masseteric inhibitory reflex suppression components SP1 and SP2 was observed, often with increased latencies but consistent with a functional recovery.
All patients feeling pain preoperatively experienced complete relief of algic symptoms.
The early microsurgical approach is the most suitable choice for the treatment of LN injuries.
Supraclavicular Dermo-Muscular Agenesis in an Infant With Gorlin-Goltz Syndrome
Authors: Demir Canser Yilmaz , Kocak Omer Faruk 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Gorlin–Goltz syndrome (GGS) is generally characterized by the dysplasia of the skin, skeletal system, and connective tissue. In this paper, a 40-day-old baby presented with dermal and muscular agenesis on the right supraclavicular region and clinically diagnosed with GGS will be reported. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of GGS in the literature accompanied by muscular agenesis and also this is the youngest patient diagnosed with GGS.
Light bullets in a time-delay model of a wide-aperture mode-locked semiconductor laser
Authors: Pimenov A. , Javaloyes J. , Gurevich S. V. , Vladimirov A. G. 
Published: June 2018

Recently, a mechanism of formation of light bullets (LBs) in wide-aperture passively mode-locked lasers was proposed. The conditions for existence and stability of these bullets, found in the long cavity limit, were studied theoretically under the mean field (MF) approximation using a Haus-type model equation. In this paper, we relax the MF approximation and study LB formation in a model of a wide-aperture three section laser with a long diffractive section and short absorber and gain sections. To this end, we derive a non-local delay-differential equation (NDDE) model and demonstrate by means of numerical simulations that this model supports stable LBs. We observe that the predictions about the regions of existence and stability of the LBs made previously using MF laser models agree well with the results obtained using the NDDE model. Moreover, we demonstrate that the general conclusions based upon the Haus model that regard the robustness of the LBs remain true in the NDDE model valid beyond the MF approximation, when the gain, losses and diffraction per cavity round trip are not small perturbations anymore.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Dissipative structures in matter out of equilibrium: from chemistry, photonics and biology (part 1)’.
Dissipative solitons with extreme spikes in the normal and anomalous dispersion regimes
Authors: Akhmediev N. , Soto-Crespo J. M. , Vouzas Peter , Devine N. , Chang Wonkeun 
Published: June 2018

Prigogine’s ideas of systems far from equilibrium and self-organization (Prigogine & Lefever. 1968
J. Chem. Phys.
48
, 1695–1700 (
doi:10.1063/1.1668896
); Glansdorff & Prigogine. 1971
Thermodynamic theory of structures, stability and fluctuations
. New York, NY/London, UK: Wiley) deeply influenced physics, and soliton science in particular. These ideas allowed the notion of solitons to be extended from purely integrable cases to the concept of dissipative solitons. The latter are qualitatively different from the solitons in integrable and Hamiltonian systems. The variety in their forms is huge. In this paper, one recent example is considered—dissipative solitons with extreme spikes (DSESs). It was found that DSESs exist in large regions of the parameter space of the complex cubic–quintic Ginzburg–Landau equation. A continuous variation in any of its parameters results in a rich structure of bifurcations.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Dissipative structures in matter out of equilibrium: from chemistry, photonics and biology (part 1)’.
The macaque anterior cingulate cortex translates counterfactual choice value into actual behavioral change
Authors: Fouragnan E , Chau BKH , Folloni D , Kolling N , Verhagen L , Klein-Flügge Miriam , Tankelevitch L , Papageorgiou GK , Aubry JF , Sallet J , Rushworth MFS 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe neural mechanisms mediating sensory-guided decision making have received considerable attention but animals often pursue behaviors for which there is currently no sensory evidence. Such behaviors are guided by internal representations of choice values that have to be maintained even when these choices are unavailable. We investigated how four macaque monkeys maintained representations of the value of counterfactual choices – choices that could not be taken at the current moment but which could be taken in the future. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we found two different patterns of activity co-varying with values of counterfactual choices in a circuit spanning hippocampus, anterior lateral prefrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). ACC activity also reflected whether the internal value representations would be translated into actual behavioral change. To establish the causal importance of ACC for this translation process, we used a novel technique, Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Stimulation, to reversibly disrupt ACC activity.
Fast fronto-parietal cortical dynamics of conflict detection and context updating in a flanker task
Authors: Brydges Christopher R. , Barceló Francisco , Nguyen An T. , Fox Allison M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe traditional N2 and P3 components of the human event-related potential (ERP) have been associated with cognitive control. However, recent research has found that the traditional target P3 consists of a mixture of stimulus-locked, response-locked, and latency variable P3-like positivities that can be functionally and topographically dissociated from one another. The current study aimed to extend previous results by examining target N2 and P3-like subcomponents indexing conflict detection and context updating at both low- and high-order levels in the neural hierarchy during control of target detection in a flanker task. Electroencephalographic (EEG) signals were recorded from 45 young adults while they completed a hybrid go/nogo flanker task, and Residue Iteration Decomposition (RIDE) was applied to functionally dissociate these peaks and establish their roles in conflict detection and context updating. Frequentist and Bayesian analyses showed a stimulus-locked frontal N2 revealing early conflict detection and fast categorization of nogo, congruous and incongruous trials, resulting in subsequent frontal P3-like activity (high-order context updating) elicited by infrequent nogo trials in the latency-variable RIDE cluster, and by the perceptually difficult incongruous trials in the response-locked cluster. In turn, the perceptually easier and more frequent congruous trials did not elicit frontal P3-like activity, although all trial types did elicit parietally distributed P3-like activity (low-order context updating), mostly within the latency-variable cluster. These novel findings support the presence of up to three distinct high-order task-set units regulating performance in our flanker task, as indexed by split-second, dynamic information transmission across frontal and parietal scalp regions.
A hybrid mortality prediction model of patients with cavitary pulmonary carcinomas
Authors: Saad Maliazurina 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTo date, developing a reliable mortality prediction model remains challenging. Although clinical predictors like age, gender and laboratory results are of considerable predictive value, the accuracy often ranges only between 60-80%. In this study, we proposed prediction models built on the basis of clinical covariates with adjustment for additional variables that was radiographically induced. The proposed method exhibited a high degree of prediction accuracy of between 83-92%, as well as overall improvement of between 6-20% in all other metrics, such as ROC Area, False Positive Rates, Recall and Root Mean Square Error. We provide a proof of concept that there is an added value for incorporating the additional variables while predicting 24-month mortality in pulmonary carcinomas patients with cavitary lesions. It is hoped that the findings will be clinically useful to the medical community.
Direct immunosensing of avian influenza A virus in whole blood using hybrid nanocomposites
Authors: Buozis John , Ahmed Syed Rahin , Chand Rohit , Nagy Éva , Neethirajan Suresh 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA sandwich-based electrochemical immunosensor was designed for detection of avian influenza virus (AIV) strains H5N1 and H4N6. This sensor was developed using gold-graphene nanocomposites, immobilized viral antibodies, and CdTe quantum dot electrochemical tagging. The nanocomposites were formed by the simultaneous reduction of a gold salt and graphene using hydroquinone as the reducing agent, thus producing non-spherical gold nanoparticles on graphene sheets. Viral antibodies were immobilized on nanocomposites and CdTe quantum dots through N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide chemistry. Cyclic voltammetry studies were used to validate the detection of H5N1 surface protein and H4N6 inactivated virus. The immunosensor detected H5 protein in phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4) with a limit of detection (LOD) of 10 fg/mL and a linear detection range was established for 10 ng/mL to 10 pg/mL. The biosensor detected H4N6 in three parts diluted whole chicken blood with a LOD of 1.28×10−7hemagglutinating units (HAU). Commercial ELISA testing for H5N1 and H4N6 showed limits of detection of 10 ng/mL and 0.128 HAU, respectively. The sensor showed 106-fold increased detection of H4N6 virus in blood in comparison to its commercial ELISA kit counterpart. The developed immunosensor effectively change the way avian influenza is detected, monitored, and controlled; transforming time-consuming reactive methods, into rapid predictive technology.
Whole-genome sequences suggest long term declines of spotted owl (Strix occidentalis) (Aves: Strigiformes: Strigidae) populations in California
Authors: Hanna Zachary R. , Dumbacher John P. , Bowie Rauri C.K. , Wall Jeffrey D. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe analyzed whole-genome data of four spotted owls (Strix occidentalis) to provide a broad-scale assessment of the genome-wide nucleotide diversity acrossS. occidentalispopulations in California. We assumed that each of the four samples was representative of its population and we estimated effective population sizes through time for each corresponding population. Our estimates provided evidence of long-term population declines in all CaliforniaS. occidentalispopulations. We found no evidence of genetic differentiation between northern spotted owl (S. o. caurina) populations in the counties of Marin and Humboldt in California. We estimated greater differentiation between populations at the northern and southern extremes of the range of the California spotted owl (S. o. occidentalis) than between populations ofS. o. occidentalisandS. o. caurinain northern California. The San Diego CountyS. o. occidentalispopulation was substantially diverged from the other threeS. occidentalispopulations. These whole-genome data support a pattern of isolation-by-distance across spotted owl populations in California, rather than elevated differentiation between currently recognized subspecies.
Multiple sclerosis-associated changes in the composition and immune functions of spore-forming bacteria
Authors: Cekanaviciute Egle , Pröbstel Anne-Katrin , Thomann Anna , Runia Tessel F. , Casaccia Patrizia , Sand Ilana Katz , Crabtree Elizabeth , Singh Sneha , Morrissey John , Barba Patrick , Gomez Refujia , Knight Rob , Mazmanian Sarkis K. , Graves Jennifer , Cree Bruce A.C. , Zamvil Scott S. , Baranzini Sergio E. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system characterized by adaptive and innate immune system dysregulation. Recent work has revealed moderate alteration of gut microbial communities in subjects with MS and in experimental, induced models. However, a mechanistic understanding linking the observed changes in the microbiota and the presence of the disease is still missing. Chloroform-resistant, spore-forming bacteria have been shown to exhibit immunomodulatory properties in vitro and in vivo, but they have not yet been characterized in the context of human disease. This study addresses the community composition and immune function of this bacterial fraction in MS. We identify MS-associated spore-forming taxa and show that their presence correlates with impaired differentiation of IL-10 secreting, regulatory T lymphocytes in-vitro. Colonization of antibiotic-treated mice with spore-forming bacteria allowed us to identify some bacterial taxa favoring IL-10+ lymphocyte differentiation and others inducing differentiation of pro-inflammatory, IFNγ+ T lymphocytes. However, when fed into antibiotic-treated mice, both MS and control derived spore-forming bacteria were able to induce immunoregulatory responses.Our analysis also identified Akkermansia muciniphila as a key organism that may interact either directly or indirectly with spore-forming bacteria to exacerbate the inflammatory effects of MS-associated gut microbiota. Thus, changes in the spore-forming fraction may influence T lymphocyte-mediated inflammation in MS. This experimental approach of isolating a subset of microbiota based on its functional characteristics may be useful to investigate other microbial fractions at greater depth.ImportanceDespite the rapid emergence of microbiome related studies in human diseases, few go beyond a simple description of relative taxa levels in a select group of patients. Our study integrates computational analysis with in vitro and in vivo exploration of inflammatory properties of both complete microbial communities and individual taxa, revealing novel functional associations. We specifically show that while small differences exist between the microbiomes of MS patients and healthy subjects, these differences are exacerbated in the chloroform resistant fraction. We further demonstrate that, when purified from MS patients, this fraction is associated with impaired immunomodulatory responses in vitro.
New Evidence of the Earliest Domestic Dogs in the Americas
Authors: Perri Angela , Widga Chris , Lawler Dennis , Martin Terrance , Loebel Thomas , Farnsworth Kenneth , kohn Luci , Buenger Brent 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe domestication of dogs probably occurred in Eurasia by 16,000 years ago, with the initial peopling of the Americas potentially happening around the same time. Dogs were long thought to have accompanied the first migrations into the Americas, but conclusive evidence for Paleoindian dogs is lacking. The direct dating of two dogs from the Koster site (Greene Co., Illinois) and a newly-described dog from the Stilwell II site (Pike Co., Illinois) to between 10,190-9,630 cal BP represents the earliest evidence of domestic dogs in the Americas and individual dog burials in worldwide archaeological record. The over 4,500 year discrepancy between the timing of initial human migration into the Americas and the earliest evidence for domesticated dogs suggests either earlier dogs are going unseen or unidentified or dogs arrived later with a subsequent human migration.
Cofactors revisited – predicting the impact of flavoprotein-related diseases on a genome scale
Authors: Wegrzyn Agnieszka B. , Stolle Sarah , Rienksma Rienk A. , Martins dos Santos Vítor A. P. , Bakker Barbara M. , Suarez-Diez Maria 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTFlavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and its precursor flavin mononucleotide (FMN) are redox cofactors that are required for the activity of more than hundred human enzymes. Mutations in the genes encoding these proteins cause severe phenotypes, including a lack of energy supply and accumulation of toxic intermediates. Ideally, patients should be diagnosed before they show symptoms so that treatment and/or preventive care can start immediately. This can be achieved by standardized newborn screening tests. However, many of the flavin-related diseases lack appropriate biomarker profiles. Genome-scale metabolic models can aid in biomarker research by predicting altered profiles of potential biomarkers. Unfortunately, current models, including the most recent human metabolic reconstructions Recon and HMR, typically treat enzyme-bound flavins incorrectly as free metabolites. This in turn leads to artificial degrees of freedom in pathways that are strictly coupled. Here, we present a reconstruction of human metabolism with a curated and extended flavoproteome. To illustrate the functional consequences, we show that simulations with the curated model – unlike simulations with earlier Recon versions - correctly predict the metabolic impact of multiple-acyl-CoA-dehydrogenase deficiency as well as of systemic flavin-depletion. Moreover, simulations with the new model allowed us to identify a larger number of biomarkers in flavoproteome-related diseases, without loss of accuracy. We conclude that adequate inclusion of cofactors in constraint-based modelling contributes to higher precision in computational predictions.
NaturalWolbachiainfections are common in the major malaria vectors in Central Africa
Authors: Ayala Diego , Akone-Ella Ousman , Rahola Nil , Kengne Pierre , Ngangue Marc F. , Mezeme Fabrice , Makanga Boris K. , Costantini Carlo , Simard Frédéric , Prugnolle Franck , Roche Benjamin , Duron Olivier , Paupy Christophe 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDuring the last decade, the endosymbiont bacteriumWolbachiahas emerged as a biological tool for vector disease control. However, for long time, it was believed thatWolbachiawas absent in natural populations ofAnopheles.The recent discovery that species within theAnopheles gambiaecomplex hostsWolbachiain natural conditions has opened new opportunities for malaria control research in Africa. Here, we investigated the prevalence and diversity ofWolbachiainfection in 25 AfricanAnophelesspecies in Gabon (Central Africa). Our results revealed the presence ofWolbachiain 16 of these species, including the major malaria vectors in this area. The infection prevalence varied greatly among species, confirming that sample size is a key factor to detect the infection. Moreover, our sequencing and phylogenetic analyses showed the important diversity ofWolbachiastrains that infectAnopheles.Co-evolutionary analysis unveiled patterns ofWolbachiatransmission withinAnophelesspecies, suggesting that past independent acquisition events were followed by co-cladogenesis. The large diversity ofWolbachiastrains that infect natural populations ofAnophelesoffers a promising opportunity to select suitable phenotypes for suppressingPlasmodiumtransmission and/or manipulatingAnophelesreproduction, which in turn could be used to reduce the malaria burden in Africa.