bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repeatability of Meibomian Gland Contrast, a Potential Indicator of Meibomian Gland Function
Authors: Yeh Thao N. , Lin Meng C. 
Published: November 2018

Purpose:
Meibomian gland contrast may be a potential indicator of gland health, especially among isotretinoin users. We aimed to develop a repeatable and reliable method for measuring Meibomian gland contrast from meibography images.

Methods:
Lower lid (LL) and upper lid (UL) meibography were captured with the OCULUS Keratograph 5M (OCULUS, Inc) at 2 visits under the following 4 conditions: face centered with room lights on (C), left-turned face (L), right-turned face (R), and face centered with room lights off (CLO). Contrast was measured with Fiji (v2.0.0-rc-59). Coefficient of repeatability and limits of agreement (LOA) were determined using Bland-Altman plots.

Results:
A total of 512 meibography images from 16 subjects (age ± SD = 24.8 ± 5.2 years; 13 female patients) were collected. Coefficient of repeatability between visits was 10.5 for UL and 14.9 for LL. Lower and upper LOA, respectively, for UL, compared with condition C, were −10.9 [95% confidence interval (CI), −13.5 to −8.3] and 6.2 (95% CI, 3.6–8.8) for L; −11.0 (95% CI, −13.8 to −8.1) and 7.0 (95% CI, 4.2–9.8) for R; and −9.0 (95% CI, −11.6 to −6.5) and 7.2 (95% CI, 4.7–9.8) for CLO. Lower and upper LOA, respectively, for LL, compared with condition C, were −18.1 (95% CI, −22.6 to −13.5) and 11.0 (95% CI, 6.5–15.5) for L; −15.3 (95% CI, −19.2 to −11.3) and 9.9 (95% CI, 6.0–13.9) for R; and −12.0 (95% CI, −15.1 to −8.8) and 8.2 (95% CI, 5.0–11.3) for CLO.

Conclusions:
Meibomian gland contrast is a repeatable and reliable measure for changes in Meibomian gland contrast greater than 11 in the UL and 18 in the LL.
Successful Treatment of Granulomatous Mastitis Associated With Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii With Prolonged Antimicrobial Therapy
Authors: Waldron Ruth , Mohamed Aia , Boyle Breida , Al-Azawi Dhafir , O'Connell Brian 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Granulomatous mastitis is a rare breast disease that classically occurs in parous women of reproductive age. In recent years, an association has been reported between this condition and Corynebacterium species, which are gram-positive bacilli that are endogenous to the skin. We describe a case of granulomatous mastitis associated with Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii, a lipophilic organism with an affinity for the lipid-rich mammary glands. We highlight the need to consider this pathogen to guide investigation and describe the diagnostic challenges related to isolation and identification of the organism. In addition, we report on successful treatment of the patient with a prolonged course of a combination of clarithromycin and rifampin.
A Comparison of Methods for Classifying and Modeling Respondents Who Endorse Multiple Racial/Ethnic Categories
Authors: Klein David J. , Elliott Marc N. , Haviland Amelia M. , Morrison Peter A. , Orr Nate , Gaillot Sarah , Weech-Maldonado Robert 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Race/ethnicity information is vital for measuring disparities across groups, and self-report is the gold standard. Many surveys assign simplified race/ethnicity based on responses to separate questions about Hispanic ethnicity and race and instruct respondents to “check all that apply.” When multiple races are endorsed, standard classification methods either create a single heterogenous multiracial group, or attempt to impute the single choice that would have been selected had only one choice been allowed.

Objectives:
To compare 3 options for classifying race/ethnicity: (a) hierarchical, classifying Hispanics as such regardless of racial identification, and grouping together all non-Hispanic multiracial individuals; (b) a newly proposed additive model, retaining all original endorsements plus a multiracial indicator; (c) an all-combinations approach, separately categorizing every observed combination of endorsements.

Research Design:
Cross-sectional comparison of racial/ethnic distributions of patient experience scores; using weighted linear regression, we model patient experience by race/ethnicity using 3 classification systems.

Subjects:
In total, 259,763 Medicare beneficiaries age 65+ who responded to the 2017 Medicare Consumer Assessments of Healthcare Providers and Systems Survey and reported race/ethnicity.

Measures:
Self-reported race/ethnicity, 4 patient experience measures.

Results:
Additive and hierarchical models produce similar classifications for non-Hispanic single-race respondents, but differ for Hispanic and multiracial respondents. Relative to the gold standard of the all-combinations model, the additive model better captures ratings of health care experiences and response tendencies that differ by race/ethnicity than does the hierarchical model. Differences between models are smaller with more specific measures.

Conclusions:
Additive models of race/ethnicity may afford more useful measures of disparities in health care and other domains. Our results have particular relevance for populations with a higher prevalence of multiracial identification.
Patients’ Evaluation of a Preparatory Online Communication Tool for Older Patients With Cancer Preceding Chemotherapy
Authors: Driesenaar Jeanine A. , van Dulmen Sandra , van Weert Julia C. M. , Noordman Janneke 
Published: November 2018

Background
The online tool PatientVOICE has been developed to enhance older patients’ participation during educational nursing encounters preceding chemotherapy and to increase their information recall.

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate perceived usefulness, usability, satisfaction with emotional support, language use, attractiveness, and visit intention of PatientVOICE by older (ex-)patients with cancer.

Methods
Older (ex-)patients with cancer were invited to evaluate the website via an online questionnaire. Perceived usefulness, usability, and satisfaction with emotional support were measured using evaluation statements, the System Usability Scale, and an adapted subscale of the Website Satisfaction Scale, respectively. Questions were also included about language use and attractiveness of the website and patients’ intention to visit the website.

Results
A total of 44 questionnaires were analyzed. Many patients evaluated the provided information and other integrated techniques (such as the question prompt sheet, video fragments, and the audio facility) positively on aspects as usefulness and helpfulness. The usability was considered good (mean scale score, 74.3). Most patients (84.9%) considered the language use on the website clear, and 63.6% of the patients found the website attractive. Many patients (71.9%) would visit the website if they would like to gather information on the encounter preceding chemotherapy, and 62.5% of the patients would do this for information about chemotherapy.

Conclusions
PatientVOICE is evaluated as a useful and user-friendly tool, enabling patients to prepare themselves for the nursing encounter preceding chemotherapy and to gather information about chemotherapy.

Implications for Practice
Preparatory online tools, such as PatientVOICE, can be implemented in hospitals to offer patients extra support.
Therapy Adherence and Emotional Awareness and Regulation in Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Sofia Sonia A. , Lysaker Paul H. , Smith Elizabeth , Celesia Benedetto M. , Dimaggio Giancarlo 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a key issue for people with human immunodeficiency virus. Optimal adherence leads to benefits in terms of survival and quality of life, which do not occur with incomplete adherence. One factor that may influence adherence to ART is emotional unawareness deficits. To explore this possibility, we assessed emotional deficits and measured adherence in 100 adults using both self-report and viral load testing. Results showed that people classified as adherent in both measurements were more likely to have a greater awareness of their own emotions. Participants classified as nonadherent were more likely to have a reduced ability to recognize the emotions of others. Difficulty in recognizing one's own emotions, otherwise known as alexithymia, and impairment of the ability to recognize other's emotions may contribute to nonadherence to ART. Consequently, after repeated studies to confirm the findings, it can be considered a target for psychological therapies aimed at increasing adherence.
Leakage flow analysis in the gas turbine shroud gap
Authors: Wasilczuk Filip , Flaszynski Pawel , Kaczynski Piotr , Szwaba Ryszard , Doerffer Piotr , Marugi Krzysztof 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
The purpose of the study is to measure the mass flow in the flow through the labyrinth seal of the gas turbine and compare it to the results of numerical simulation. Moreover the capability of two turbulence models to reflect the phenomenon will be assessed. The studied case will later be used as a reference case for the new, original design of flow control method to limit the leakage flow through the labyrinth seal.

Design/methodology/approach
Experimental measurements were conducted, measuring the mass flow and the pressure in the model of the labyrinth seal. It was compared to the results of numerical simulation performed in ANSYS/Fluent commercial code for the same geometry.

Findings
The precise machining of parts was identified as crucial for obtaining correct results in the experiment. The model characteristics were documented, allowing for its future use as the reference case for testing the new labyrinth seal geometry. Experimentally validated numerical model of the flow in the labyrinth seal was developed.

Research limitations/implications
The research studies the basic case, future research on the case with a new labyrinth seal geometry is planned. Research is conducted on simplified case without rotation and the impact of the turbine main channel.

Practical implications
Importance of machining accuracy up to 0.01 mm was found to be important for measuring leakage in small gaps and decision making on the optimal configuration selection.

Originality/value
The research is an important step in the development of original modification of the labyrinth seal, resulting in leakage reduction, by serving as a reference case.
Moisture-dependent thermo-mechanical constitutive modeling of wood
Authors: Fleischhauer Robert , Hartig Jens U. , Haller Peer , Kaliske Michael 
Published: November 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this study is the numerical investigation of densification and molding processes of wood. Providing theoretical and numerical approaches with respect to a consistent multi-physical finite element method framework are further goals of this research.Design/methodology/approachConstitutive phenomenological descriptions of the thermo-mechanical and moisture-dependent material characteristics of wood are introduced. Special focus is given to a consistent hygro-thermo-mechanical modeling at finite deformations to capture the realistic material behavior of wood, especially when it is subjected to densification and molding processes.FindingsRealistic theoretical formulations of different hygro-thermo-mechanical processes are provided. A successful numerical modeling is demonstrated for beech wood by validation at experimental findings.Originality/valueThe constitutive laws and numerical findings are new, as they govern a multi-physical large deformation framework and are applied to the advanced technology of densification and molding of wood.
Debt financing puzzle and internationalization
Authors: Khaw Karren Lee-Hwei 
Published: November 2018

PurposeThis study aims to examine the relation between long-term debt and internationalization in the presence of the agency costs of debt and business risk.Design/methodology/approachSample firms consist of 517 non-financial listed firms in Malaysia, with 4,197 firm-year observations from the year 2000 to 2014. This study uses panel data regressions and a series of robustness tests to examine the hypotheses.FindingsThe results show that multinational corporations (MNCs) are more likely to sustain less long-term debt than domestic corporations (DCs) to mitigate the costs related to agency problem and firm risk. Meanwhile, foreign-based MNCs maintain less long-term debt than local-based firms, and the finding is more significant at a higher degree of internationalization. Robustness tests confirm the negative relations.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings indicate that the ongoing debate on the debt financing puzzle can be explained by internationalization. Moreover, the findings suggest that in addition to the systematic differences between MNCs and DCs, studies on the debt financing and internationalization should also account for the systematic differences among MNCs such as the local-based MNCs, foreign-based MNCs and DCs that later expand their business operations abroad.Practical implicationsMNCs have to be responsive to the diverse institutional environments as they diversify their business operations geographically. When the adverse effects of internationalization outweigh the benefits, MNCs could use the long-term debt financing decision to mitigate the costs of doing business abroad. This is because debt financing is also a primary concern in the corporate financial decisions for the maximization of shareholders’ wealth.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the debt financing literature from the international perspective by providing evidence from an emerging market. In addition, this study highlights the importance of recognizing firms by their firm-specific characteristics, such as internationalization, given the systematic differences among firms.
Outward FDI from India and its impact on the performance of firms in the home country
Authors: Roy Indrajit , K. Narayanan 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to analyse the change in performance of parent Indian firms (home effects) who have invested in overseas locations in recent times.

Design/methodology/approach
Difference-in-difference (DiD) estimate of home effects using farm level data.

Findings
Home effects of Indian outward foreign direct investment (OFDI), in general, are insignificant. However, in the case of OFDI directed only to non-offshore financial centre (OFC), some firms did enjoy beneficial home effects with respect to turnover, current ratio and leverage ratio. In the case of OFDI directed purely to OFC locations, some of the parameters exhibited negative home effects. In the subsample of Indian OFDI directed to combination of OFC and non-OFC locations, the results show positive home effects with respect to export, operating profit margin and forex earnings; however, impact on turnover seems to be negative for all the quartiles.

Research limitations/implications
Estimation of home effects using data over longer horizon may yield robust outcome.

Practical implications
These results make a strong case to draw a distinction among OFDIs to OFC, non-OFC and combination of OFC and non-OFC locations in studying the beneficial home effects of OFDI.

Originality/value
To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper which estimates home effects of different groups of Indian firms (based on their investment locations and size class) using difference-in-difference estimate.
Contribution of cultural intelligence to adaptive selling and customer-oriented selling of salespeople at international trade shows: does cultural similarity matter?
Authors: Pandey Arti , Charoensukmongkol Peerayuth 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
This study aims to examine the contribution of cultural intelligence (CQ) to the level of adaptive selling behavior and customer-oriented selling behavior of salespeople in a cross-cultural selling context.

Design/methodology/approach
This study collected data from a total of 210 Thai salespeople who had been assigned to work at trade shows in Japan (n = 110) and in Vietnam (n = 100).

Findings
The findings show that salespeople with higher CQ tend to demonstrate a higher degree of adaptive selling behavior and customer-oriented selling behavior in both countries. The moderating effect analysis shows that the positive relationship between CQ and adaptive selling behavior is significantly higher for Thai salespeople in Japanese trade shows than in Vietnamese trade shows.

Research limitations/implications
This study uses cross-sectional data collection; therefore, the results have been interpreted as associations, but not causations.

Practical implications
The study suggests that CQ development programs could be considered as part of the training that organizations provide to salespeople to develop cross-cultural competencies to deal effectively with foreign customers.

Originality/value
This study provides additional evidence concerning the benefits of CQ in an occupational area that has not been previously explored. More importantly, the result regarding the positive linkage between CQ and adaptive selling behavior was significantly stronger in the country characterized by higher cultural differences. This also contributed to CQ research by showing that differences in a cultural context might also influence the benefits of CQ in relation to the outcome variables.
A world free of hunger
Authors: Sholeye Oluwafolahan Oluwagbemiga , Animasahun Victor Jide , Salako Albert Adekunle 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
Nutrition is a widely known determinant of health and well-being of individuals. Adequate nutrition is dependent on food availability and optimal dietary intake. Rural communities are known to be disadvantaged in comparison with their urban counterparts This study therefore assessed food security and dietary diversity among adults in a rural community in Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria.

Design/methodology/approach
Data for the cross-sectional study were collected using a semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire and a 24-h dietary recall. Data were analyzed with SPSS 20. The relevant descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated. Participation was fully voluntary.

Findings
The mean age of respondents was 46.7 ± 19.0 years. Only 43.6 per cent of the respondents were food secure; 43.4 per cent were severely food insecure; 30.3 per cent were moderately food insecure, while 26.3 per cent were mildly food insecure. Low dietary diversity was reported among 55.2 per cent of respondents; 41.0 per cent had medium dietary diversity, while 3.8 per cent had high dietary diversity.

Research implications/limitations
This study was entirely quantitative and facility-based, so could not explore some themes to a greater depth. It however adds to the body of knowledge on dietary diversity and food security among patients accessing primary care services at Ode-Remo and its health implications.

Originality/value
Food security among respondents was low and dietary diversity was sub-optimal, a risk factor for both hidden hunger and multi-nutrient under-nutrition. Dietary diversity was significantly different between food secure and food insecure respondents. Community-directed efforts at improving residents’ food security status and dietary diversification efforts will be most appropriate and sustainable, thereby promoting self-reliance and wellbeing.
Interpretation of non‐verbal cues by people with and without TBI: understanding relationship intentions
Authors: Evans Kelli J. , Evans David L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundAlthough long‐term social challenges following traumatic brain injury (TBI) are well documented, the challenges of establishing new relationships following TBI are less understood.AimsTo examine how the type of non‐verbal cues produced by an unfamiliar communication partner impacts feelings of relationship closeness by people with and without TBI.Methods & ProceduresIn this quasi‐experimental comparative mixed‐group design, participants included 12 male heterosexual adults with moderate/severe TBI and 10 typical comparison peers. An adaptation of the Relationship Closeness Induction Task (RCIT), a 29‐item questionnaire, was completed by all participants to induce relationship closeness through reciprocal self‐disclosure during conversation. Participants completed the RCIT three separate times in counterbalanced order. Conversational partners for the RCIT were three female actors trained to convey similar verbal answers to the RCIT questions, but to produce different non‐verbal cues: solicitation (i.e., flirting), neutral and rejecting. Following each conversation, the participants completed a 10‐item Likert‐type questionnaire about the experience.Outcomes & ResultsBetween‐ and within‐group non‐parametric statistical analysis of Likert questions showed non‐significant differences between the two participant groups such that both groups consistently rated the female actor who used flirting non‐verbal cues higher than the actor who used rejecting non‐verbal cues.Conclusions & ImplicationsThese results suggest a small sample of heterosexual males with TBI interpret non‐verbal relationship cues in real‐time conversations with unfamiliar partners as well as comparison peers. Clinical implications include the need to consider real‐time conversation in assessment and treatment planning for social communication goals related to cognitive–communication impairment.
Does poverty cause dental caries?
Authors: Foley M , Akers HF 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDental caries generates significant health, financial and social costs to individuals and communities, but risk factors are not spread randomly and evenly throughout populations. People from lower socio‐economic status (SES) and disadvantaged groups suffer a disproportionately greater disease burden. Clinicians and public health experts view this problem through a different lens. Dentists at the clinical coalface consider individual risk factors and behaviours, for example sugar consumption, cariogenic bacteria and poor oral hygiene, as major causes of dental caries. However, considerable evidence suggests that low SES, via traditional individual risk factors as mediators and through additional independent pathways, is another significant cause. Progressive clinical practice uses education, prevention and treatment to reduce the impact of individual risk factors. Policy‐makers and health administrators use population‐based approaches to improve the health of societies. The authors use literature review to argue for both a greater awareness of the upstream socio‐economic causes of dental caries, and action from key community sectors to redress the societal inequalities contributing to dental health inequalities.
The Fetishes of Consent: Signatures, Paper, and Writing in Research Ethics Review
Authors: Wynn L. L. , Israel Mark 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTMany ethics review bureaucracies present signed, written forms administered at a single point in time as the default, best‐practice method for obtaining and documenting consent to participate in research. The demand is emblematic of ethics review committees’ insistence on form over function, their failure to understand the cultural contexts of field research, and erroneous assumptions about research methods. Ethnographers responding to an international survey argued that written consent may not protect participants, may mask unethical research, and may often be inappropriate for legal, cultural, political or historical reasons. We suggest the dominance of written consent reflects culturally specific views of paper, writing, signatures, and contracts grounded in particular historical imaginations of the authenticity of the signature and the power of writing and forms. Construed by ethics review institutions as culturally universal, the signed consent form has come to take on the qualities of a fetish. [research ethics, informed consent, signatures, forms, research ethics committees, institutional review boards]