bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eculizumab for transplant‐associated thrombotic microangiopathy in adult allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients
Authors: Rudoni Joslyn , Jan Anna , Hosing Chitra , Aung Fleur , Yeh Jason 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate response rates and survival in adults with transplant‐associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA‐TMA) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) who were treated with eculizumab (ECU).MethodsPatients were identified retrospectively and data collected through HSCT and pharmacy databases.ResultsTen patients with TA‐TMA after allogeneic HSCT were treated with ECU between 2013 and 2016. TA‐TMA was diagnosed at a median of 93 days post‐HSCT. Organ‐specific injury was documented in all ten patients at time of TA‐TMA diagnosis, the most common being renal dysfunction (90%). Acute GVHD (70%) and active infection (80%) were common at time of diagnosis. The median time to ECU initiation from TA‐TMA diagnosis was 4 days. Seven patients received ECU as first‐line therapy in combination with other treatment modalities, while three patients were treated with ECU as second‐line therapy. ECU was well tolerated with the exception of one case of severe skin rash leading to discontinuation. ECU achieved an overall hematologic response rate of 70% and an overall survival rate of 60%. One patient achieved a complete response with corresponding organ recovery.ConclusionEarly initiation of ECU may not alter the disease process enough to restore organ function, but it may prolong survival.
Exploring the role of striatal D1 and D2 medium spiny neurons in action selection using a virtual robotic framework
Authors: Bahuguna Jyotika , Weidel Philipp , Morrison Abigail 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe basal ganglia have been hypothesized to be involved in action selection, i.e. resolving competition between simultaneously activated motor programs. It has been shown that the direct pathway facilitates action execution whereas the indirect pathway inhibits it. However, as the pathways are both active during an action, it remains unclear whether their role is co‐operative or competitive. In order to investigate this issue, we developed a striatal model consisting of D1 and D2 medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and interfaced it to a simulated robot moving in an environment. We demonstrate that this model is able to reproduce key behavioral features of several experiments involving optogenetic manipulation of the striatum, such as freezing and ambulation. We then investigate the interaction of D1‐ and D2‐MSNs. We find that their fundamental relationship is co‐operative within a channel and competitive between channels; this turns out to be crucial for action selection. However, individual pairs of D1‐ and D2‐MSNs may exhibit predominantly competition or co‐operation depending on their distance, and D1‐ and D2‐MSNs population activity can alternate between co‐operation and competition modes during a stimulation. Additionally, our results show that D2–D2 connectivity between channels is necessary for effective resolution of competition; in its absence, a conflict of two motor programs typically results in neither being selected.
Reviving the no‐bad‐action problem in Kant's ethics
Authors: Kemp Ryan S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn the final section of the Groundwork, Kant famously declares that “a free will and a will under moral laws are one and the same.” Though this claim is put to use in Kant's eventual deduction of the moral law, it appears to introduce a difficulty of its own: It complicates Kant's ability to describe immoral action as free action. Over the last 3 decades, no scholar has done more to exonerate Kant from this apparent problem than Henry Allison. Allison's chief strategy has been to show (a) that the volitional apparatus (i.e., the executive will) Kant develops in his late Religion is present from the beginning of the critical project and (b) that this apparatus dissolves the apparent worry. In this paper, I argue that even if Allison succeeds in establishing (a), it puts him no closer to establishing (b). Kant does not think that agents, good or bad, can act out of character.
Psychological treatments for adults and children with epilepsy: Evidence‐based recommendations by the International League Against Epilepsy Psychology Task Force
Authors: Michaelis Rosa , Tang Venus , Goldstein Laura H. , Reuber Markus , LaFrance William Curt , Lundgren Tobias , Modi Avani C. , Wagner Janelle L. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryGiven the significant impact that psychosocial factors and epilepsy treatments can have on the health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) of individuals with epilepsy and their families, there is great clinical interest in the role of psychological evaluation and treatments to improve HRQOL and comorbidities. Therefore, the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) charged the Psychology Task Force with the development of recommendations for clinical care based on evaluation of the evidence from their recent Cochrane review of psychological treatments in individuals with epilepsy. The literature search for a recent Cochrane review of randomized controlled trials investigating psychological treatments for individuals with epilepsy constitutes the key source of evidence for this article. To provide practical guidance to service providers, we provide ratings on study research designs based on (1) the American Academy of Neurology's Level of Evidence system and (2) the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system. This paper is the culmination of an international collaboration process involving pediatric and adult psychologists, neurologists, psychiatrists, and neuropsychiatrists. The process and conclusions were reviewed and approved by the ILAE Executive Committee. The strongest evidence for psychological interventions was identified for the most common mental health problems, including depression, neurocognitive disturbances, and medication adherence. Psychological interventions targeting the enhancement of HRQOL and adherence and a decrease in comorbidity symptoms (anxiety, depression) should be incorporated into comprehensive epilepsy care. There is a range of psychological strategies (ie, cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness‐based therapies) that show promise for improving the lives of persons with epilepsy, and clinical recommendations are provided to assist epilepsy health care providers in treating the comorbidities and challenges associated with epilepsy and its treatments.
Evolution over time of SUDEP incidence: A nationwide population‐based cohort study
Authors: Tomson Torbjörn , Sveinsson Olafur , Carlsson Sofia , Andersson Tomas 
Published: June 2018

SummaryPrompted by a recent report on declining incidence of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) following implantation of a vagus nerve stimulator (VNS), we analyzed SUDEP risk over 6 years in a population‐based cohort of 60 952 epilepsy patients in Sweden. All deaths from July 1, 2006 through December 31, 2011, were identified. Those with epilepsy mentioned on the death certificate were adjudicated for SUDEP using medical records and autopsy reports. In all, 292 SUDEP cases were identified. Comparing the first years (2006‐2007) with the subsequent 4 years (2008‐2011), the crude and standardized (to the US 2000 population) incidence of SUDEP (whether or not possible SUDEP was included) was significantly lower during the second time period; Incidence rate ratios based on standardized rates was estimated at 0.76 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.60‐0.97, P = .027) for SUDEP. The incidence of SUDEP decreased by 7% per year during the 6‐year follow‐up. Our data thus suggest that, for unknown reasons, incidence of SUDEP decreases with duration of follow‐up. This has implications for patient counseling as well as for the design of studies attempting to assess the effectiveness of an intervention against SUDEP, which clearly needs to include a control group.
Female preference for males that have exclusively marked or invaded territories depends on male presence and its identity in the subterranean rodent Ctenomys talarum
Authors: Fanjul María Sol , Varas María Florencia , Zenuto Roxana Rita 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTerritorial scent‐marking provides chemical records of male competitive interactions that are available to females, who gain valuable information to assess and identify best quality partners. In this context, the solitary subterranean rodent tuco‐tuco (Ctenomys talarum) offers excellent possibilities to evaluate the effects of male exclusive scent‐marking of territories on female assessment. For evaluation, we used wild caught individuals of C. talarum, manipulated their scent marks within the territories in captive conditions and staged preference tests where females were able to choose between exclusive and invaded territories. The evaluation was performed in two scenarios considering the identity of the intruder scent mark: territories invaded by a strange male and territories invaded by a neighbour male. Females investigated the chemical cues deposited on the substrate of the exclusively marked territory more frequently. Next, females displayed equal interest to scent samples of both males presented in a Y‐maze. Finally, when females could gain access to both individually isolated males and their scent‐marked territories, they spent more time within invaded territories despite they visited them with the same frequency. Moreover, females tried to get in contact by scratching the mesh of the owner of the invaded territory more frequently. We found that females of C. talarum evaluate the homogeneity (exclusiveness) of scent marks within a male territory and then show preferences in relation to the identity of the intruder's scent –whether strange or neighbour.
Cryptic castes, social context and colony defence in a social bee, Tetragonula carbonaria
Authors: Wittwer Bernadette , Elgar Mark A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDivision of labour in social insect colonies is facilitated in two ways: through temporal sharing of tasks or by morphologically specialised castes. In casteless species, colony defence is maintained by morphologically indistinct workers, who lack the obvious defensive specialisation of polymorphic species. Discrimination of intruders is carried out via antenna, which also detects defensive social cues such as alarm pheromones. Despite their functional importance however, antennal morphology is rarely considered in studies of nestmate recognition. We investigated antennal morphology and the necessity of social cues in mediating defensive behaviour across differentially tasked workers of a casteless social bee, Tetragonula carbonaria. Our results suggest that the current understanding of division of labour in casteless worker species remains poorly understood, with differences in antennal morphology and aggression creating morphologically and behaviourally distinct ‘cryptic castes’. Further, we found that defensive behaviour was only elicited near nest odours, highlighting the importance of mediating aggression among workers.
Health in fishing communities: A global perspective
Authors: Woodhead Anna J. , Abernethy Kirsten E. , Szaboova Lucy , Turner Rachel A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn resource‐dependent communities such as fishing communities, human health underpins the ability of individuals and families to maintain viable livelihoods. Fishing is a dangerous occupation, in which fishers are exposed to health risks both on and offshore. Many of these risks and associated health concerns also extend to fishing families and wider communities. Despite the importance of health, there is a lack of understanding of the breadth of health issues affecting people associated with fishing. This study presents the findings of a scoping review of peer‐reviewed literature that identifies the range of health issues and health determinants studied in fishing communities around the world. The findings reveal a wide variety of documented health issues, but with greater emphasis on physical health and occupational and behavioral factors, with limited attention paid to mental health. The majority of studies focused on fishers themselves, as opposed to other subgroups within fishing communities. Geographic differences in the health topics investigated highlight prevalent concerns and offer potential to share insights and solutions across contexts. The breadth of findings illustrates the complexity of health for people dependent on fishing, and the relevance of the many health determinants in maintaining viable fishing communities. We propose that a social well‐being approach offers an integrative lens through which a better understanding of human health in fisheries can be achieved and used to inform fisheries management that is ecologically and socially sustainable.
Involvement of the luteinizing hormone surge in the regulation of ovary and oviduct clock gene expression in mice
Authors: Kobayashi Momoko , Watanabe Kaya , Matsumura Ritsuko , Anayama Nozomi , Miyamoto Akio , Miyazaki Hitoshi , Miyazaki Koyomi , Shimizu Takashi , Akashi Makoto 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCircadian dysfunction perturbs the female reproductive cycle. In particular, mice lacking the clock gene Bmal1 show severe infertility, implying that BMAL1 plays roles in ovulation and luteinization. Here, we examined temporal changes in clock gene expression in the ovary and oviduct before and during gonadotropin‐induced follicular growth, ovulation, and luteinization in sexually immature mice. While the oviduct did not show a drastic change in clock gene expression, Bmal1 expression in the ovary was higher than that in control mice during the period from 4 to 16 hr after human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration. Bmal1 expression reached a maximum at 16 hr after hCG administration, when follicle luteinization occurred. In an interesting manner, administration of hCG to ex vivo‐cultured oviduct triggered a shorter circadian period and inevitably resulted in phase advance. Together, our present data suggest that LH surge induces continuous expression of BMAL1 in the mouse ovary and modulates circadian phase in the mouse oviduct.
Orthostatic Headache After Suboccipital Craniectomy Without CSF Leak: Two Case Reports
Authors: Montenegro Monique M. , Cutsforth‐Gregory Jeremy K. 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveTo review the clinical and radiographic characteristics of orthostatic headache following suboccipital craniectomy without CSF leak after encountering 2 such patients.BackgroundOrthostatic headache may occur without CSF leak, suggesting alternative mechanisms for postural head pain in some patients.MethodsPatients who were referred for orthostatic headache and suspected CSF leak within 1 year after suboccipital craniectomy but who had negative post‐operative head and spine MRI, normal radioisotope cisternography, and normal or elevated CSF opening pressure were identified and their medical records reviewed.ResultsTwo patients satisfied all inclusion criteria. One underwent suboccipital craniectomy for treatment of Chiari malformation type I in adolescence; the same surgical approach was used to resect a posterior fossa meningioma in the second. Both patients had non‐orthostatic headache before surgery and newly developed orthostatic headache later. Delay from surgery to orthostatic headache onset was variable (2–9 months). Headaches were predominantly occipital and pressure‐like, worsened by upright posture, bending forward, and exertion. MRI consistently showed adequate decompression of the posterior fossa. Epidural blood patches were unhelpful in the one patient in whom they were performed.ConclusionsOrthostatic headaches may develop after suboccipital craniectomy in the absence of CSF leak. Possible mechanisms include (1) scarring of the dura in the posterior fossa that leads to compensatory increased distensibility of lumbar dura and (2) sensitization of mechanosensitive dural nociceptors from altered skull‐dura apposition.
Towards capturing meaningful outcomes for people with dementia in psychosocial intervention research: A pan‐European consultation
Authors: Øksnebjerg Laila , Diaz‐Ponce Ana , Gove Dianne , Moniz‐Cook Esme , Mountain Gail , Chattat Rabih , Woods Bob 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundPeople with dementia are often marginalized and excluded from influence, also in relation to dementia research. There is, however, a growing requirement for inclusion through Patient and Public Involvement (PPI), but there is still limited knowledge on how researchers can fully benefit from the involvement of people with dementia in the development and testing of psychosocial interventions. This paper describes the results of a pan‐European consultation with people with dementia, synthesizing their views on outcomes of psychosocial interventions.ObjectiveTo involve people with dementia in establishing what are meaningful outcomes when participating in psychosocial interventions.Setting and participantsConsultations took place at four divergent sites across Europe, involving twenty‐five people with dementia from nine European countries.MethodsThe methods used for the consultation were developed through an iterative process involving people with dementia. Data from the consultation were analysed from a thematic analysis approach.ResultsThe results suggested that people with dementia wish to participate in interventions that enhance their well‐being, confidence, health, social participation and human rights. This highlights a need for improvements in psychosocial research to capture these outcomes.Discussion and conclusionsInvolving people with dementia in discussions of psychosocial interventions has enhanced our understanding about meaningful outcome measures in research and methods of data collection. This study suggests that new outcome measures in psychosocial research are needed where concepts of positive psychology and social health can guide innovation and outcome measurement.
Public and patient involvement in quantitative health research: A statistical perspective
Authors: Hannigan Ailish 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe majority of studies included in recent reviews of impact for public and patient involvement (PPI) in health research had a qualitative design. PPI in solely quantitative designs is underexplored, particularly its impact on statistical analysis. Statisticians in practice have a long history of working in both consultative (indirect) and collaborative (direct) roles in health research, yet their perspective on PPI in quantitative health research has never been explicitly examined.ObjectiveTo explore the potential and challenges of PPI from a statistical perspective at distinct stages of quantitative research, that is sampling, measurement and statistical analysis, distinguishing between indirect and direct PPI.ConclusionsStatistical analysis is underpinned by having a representative sample, and a collaborative or direct approach to PPI may help achieve that by supporting access to and increasing participation of under‐represented groups in the population. Acknowledging and valuing the role of lay knowledge of the context in statistical analysis and in deciding what variables to measure may support collective learning and advance scientific understanding, as evidenced by the use of participatory modelling in other disciplines. A recurring issue for quantitative researchers, which reflects quantitative sampling methods, is the selection and required number of PPI contributors, and this requires further methodological development. Direct approaches to PPI in quantitative health research may potentially increase its impact, but the facilitation and partnership skills required may require further training for all stakeholders, including statisticians.
Pathologist's health‐care value in the triage of Oncotype DX® testing: a value‐based pathology study of tumour biology with outcomes
Authors: Dabbs David J , Clark Beth Z , Serdy Kate , Onisko Agnieszka , Brufsky Adam M , Smalley Sherie , Perkins Stephen , Bhargava Rohit 
Published: June 2018

AimsPathologists provide expert tissue assessment of breast cancer, yet their value to guide the appropriate use of breast cancer gene expression profile tests (GEPT) is underutilised. The specific aims of this study are to report morpho‐immunohistological characteristics of breast tumours with Oncotype DX® (ODx) recurrence scores (RS) of 10 or fewer (ultra‐low risk) and 25 or fewer (low risk) in order to determine if pathologists can identify prospectively patient tumours that do not require ODx testing.Methods and resultsOncotype DX® cases with RS < 10 from 2005 to 2010 comprised 441 of 2594 (17%) of clinical cases; this cohort had 5 years’ follow‐up and was treated with endocrine therapy alone. Tumours were analysed for tumour type, Nottingham grade, mitosis score (MS) semi‐quantitative (H‐score) hormone receptor content and Magee equation 3. Knowledge derived from this data set was used to develop algorithms in order to identify prospectively tumours with RS of 10 or fewer or 25 or fewer. Thirty‐four per cent of tumours were low‐grade special types, while the remainder were enriched with high hormone receptor content with MS of 1. These algorithmic selection criteria identified correctly all patient cases below the chemotherapy cut‐point, i.e. RS < 25, indicating that these oncotype test orders were an unnecessary cost.ConclusionsThis unique study demonstrates that (i) pathologists add great value to triage breast cancer for GEPT; and (ii) can identify prospectively low‐grade tumour biology with high sensitivity and high specificity for those cases which do not require chemotherapy (RS < 25) using MS and hormone receptor content.
Suppressive effects of γ‐conglutin on differentiation of 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes
Authors: Wojciechowicz Tatiana , Czubiński Jarosław , Billert Maria , Półciennik Artur , Nowak Krzysztof W. , Skrzypski Marek 
Published: June 2018

SummaryLupin seed protein γ‐conglutin positively modulates lipid and glucose homoeostasis by interacting with peripheral tissues such as muscles, liver or pancreas. By contrast, the influence of γ‐conglutin on adipose tissue functions has not been elucidated so far. Since adipose tissue is involved in controlling glucose and lipid metabolism we hypothesised that γ‐conglutin may affect energy homoeostasis by interacting with adipocytes including fat tissue formation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterise the influence of γ‐conglutin on adipogenesis using 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes. We found that γ‐conglutin had no effects on viability and proliferation of 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes. By contrast, γ‐conglutin suppressed the expression of adipogenic markers (Pparγ, C/ebpα, Fabp4 and leptin) during differentiation process. Furthermore, 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes differentiated with γ‐conglutin showed reduced intracellular lipid content comparing with control cells. In conclusion, these results showed that γ‐conglutin suppresses differentiation of 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes into mature fat cells.