bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LOOKED AFTER CHILDREN AND ACCESS TO DENTAL SERVICES AND ORAL HEALTH
Authors: Mcmahon A.D. , Macpherson L. , Wood R. , Elliott L. , Conway D.I. 
Published: February 2025

Children that are “looked after” include those that are accommodated in foster, kinship and residential care placements, as well as those at home on compulsory supervision. They have poorer physical and mental health than their peers and there are concerns about the relatively high levels of untreated morbidity. Oral health and access to dental services among Looked After Children (LAC) has received limited attention to date. The objective of this study was to compare the oral health and access to dental services of children who are looked after by the state, with comparable children in the general population. Methods: School and Social Work datasets were able to be linked using the Scottish Exchange of Data (ScotXed) Unit. This in turn was linked with health data making use of the Scottish national recordlinkage system provided by the NHS eDRIS team for the FARR Institute Scotland. All of the following datasets used in this study are complete national datasets for the time periods noted. School Pupil Census 2012: a census of children in local authority primary and secondary schools that provides each childs age, sex and socioeconomic status as measured by the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD). The other datasets cover the period 2008-2012: LAC- all children with social work referrals for various types of placement; attendance at dentists; hospital discharge data for all episodes of tooth extraction; National Dental Inspection Programme (NDIP) data from Primary 1 and Primary 7 school years (dental decay). The LAC group were compared to their peers by logistic regression adjusted by age, sex and SIMD; using remote access to the National Safe Haven. Ethics and information governance approvals were obtained from the University of Glasgow Ethics Committee and the NHS National Services Scotland Privacy Advisory Committee. Results: There were 633,204 subjects in the study group (10,927 LAC, 622,280 nonLAC). Ages ranged from four to 17 years (mean 12 LAC and 10 nonLAC); with n=5,815 (53%) male for LAC and n=316,719 (51%) nonLAC; and n=4,548 (42%) in the most deprived SIMD level for LAC and n=129,741 (21%) for non-LAC. The subjects in the LAC group were more likely to have dental decay at Primary 1, odds-ratio (OR) 2.65 (2.30, 3.05), and Primary 7, OR 1.79 (1.70, 1.92). LAC subjects were less likely to regularly attend a dentist, OR 0.55 (0.53, 0.58), and more likely to have teeth extracted, OR 1.91 (1.78, 2.04). All tests p<0.001. Conclusions: Looked after children are more likely to have dental problems and less likely to access dental services than their peers, after adjustment for age, sex and socioeconomic status.
COMPARISON OF RESULTS USING ICDAS AND DMFS IN MOSCOW ADULTS
Authors: Urzov S. , Kuzmina I. , Abdusalamova B. , Pazdnikova N. 
Published: February 2025

During the 3rd National Oral Health Survey in Russia, questions have been raised whether a more advanced method of caries detection (used in conjunction with the standard method) is more suitable and realistic in domestic conditions. The aim of this study was to compare differences in caries diagnosis results and measurement duration between DMFS and ICDAS. Methods: Fifty volunteers aged 35-44 years old comprised a convenience sample in a pilot study and were examined by one dentist in Moscow. Evaluation of dental caries was performed using DMFS. Additionally, the mean number of non-cavitated caries lesions (codes 1-2) and cavitated (codes 3-6) were evaluated by ICDAS criteria. The mean scores of DMFS and ICDAS were compared using T-test. Measurement duration of both ICDAS and DMFS was recorded. Intra- examiner reliability was measured by Kappa. The study was approved by Ethical Committee of Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry. Results: The mean number of decayed tooth surfaces (D-component of DMFS) was 3.35±0.71: occlusal surfaces– 1.96±0.52; smooth surfaces – 0.28±0.11; approximal surfaces – 1.11±0.27. During examination using ICDAS criteria, the mean number of carious tooth surfaces was 10.88±1.07, of which 6.88±0.77 (63.2%) were non-cavitated. Specifically, 2.60±0.34 non-cavitated lesions were detected on occlusal surfaces, 3.40±0.42 on smooth surfaces, and 0.88±0.18 on approximal surfaces. The mean number of cavitated lesions was 4.00±0.52 (yielding a non- significant difference of 16.3% compared with DMFS D-component 3.35±0.71, p>0.05). The number of decayed occlusal surfaces was 2.05±0.41, smooth surfaces – 0.36±0.13, and approximal surfaces – 1.59±0.42, showing a difference of 4.4% (1.96±0.52), 22.2% (0.28±0.11), and 30.2% (1.11±0.27), respectively, compared with the DMFS D-component, which was not significant (p>0.05). However, the difference between mean scores of DMFS and ICDAS was significant (3.35±0.71 versus 10.88±1.07, p<0.01); the same tendency was observed on occlusal, smooth and proximal surfaces (1.96±0.52 and 4.65±0.84, p<0.01; 0.28±0.11 and 3.76±0.72, p<0.001; 1.11±0.27 and 2.47±0.65, p<0.05). Intra-examiner reliability for caries diagnosis by ICDAS was good (Kappa=0.76). Measurement duration for DMFS and ICDAS was 4.5±0.7 and 12.3±3.4 minutes, correspondingly, but did not include time duration required for professional teeth cleaning before ICDAS diagnosis. Conclusions: Evaluation of dental caries in adults is improved using ICDAS, compared to assessment by DMFS; however, a longer time commitment should be taken into consideration by researchers while planning objectives of epidemiological studies using ICDAS. Additionally, ICDAS is a suitable and realistic (additional) tool for dental research in Russia.
ORAL HEALTH STATUS AMONG ADULTS IN MAKHACHKALA IN 1999 AND 2015
Authors: Abdulakhova P. , Kuzmina E. , Lapatina A. , Kuznetsov P. 
Published: February 2025

Previous studies such as the National Oral Heath Survey (1999) have indicated that the prevalence of oral diseases among adults in Dagestan Republic and its capital Makhachkala was high. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal diseases among 35-44- year-olds living in Makhachkala over a 16-year period. Methods: Fifty 35-44-year-olds living in Makhachkala were randomly selected and examined for oral health status in 2015. The individuals all gave informed consent and the study was approved by the Ethics Committee of th Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry. An oral health examination was performed by calibrated dentists according to WHO criteria (2013). Dental caries prevalence was scored using DMFT. Periodontal status was evaluated using CPI. All teeth present in the mouth were examined for absence or presence of gingival bleeding, dental calculus and periodontal pockets. The prevalence of dental caries and periodontal diseases were compared to results from the year 1999. The survey was cross-sectional. The t-test was used to compare differences in mean scores. Results: The prevalence of caries was 100% in 1999 and 98% in 2015. Mean DMFT values decreased from 14.9±0.98 in 1999 to 12.1±0.84 in 2015 (p<0.05). The mean number of decayed teeth decreased from 6.73±0.66 in 1999 to 4.80±0.57 in 2015 (p<0.05); an even more significant decrease was observed in mean numbers of missing teeth from 4.81±0.45 in 1999 to 2.56±0.28 in 2015 (p<0.001). The mean number of filled teeth increased from 3.35±0.44 to 4.74±0.50 (p<0.05). The prevalence of periodontal diseases CPI score > 1 was 100% in 1999 and 98% in 2015. The number of adults with gingival bleeding (CPI = 1) and dental calculus (CPI = 2) increased over a 16-year period from 4% to 30% and from 52% to 58%, respectively. At the same time, prevalence of periodontal pockets (CPI = 3 or 4) decreased from 44% in 1999 to 12% in 2015. The number of sextants with CPI scores > 1 decreased from 5.61±0.53 in 1999 to 4.68±0.42 in 2015 (p>0.05). Conclusions: Results of the study showed a significant decrease in dental caries and periodontal diseases prevalence among a group of 50, 35-44- year-olds in Makhachkala from 1999 to 2015. The analysis of data can be used as a baseline for planning strategy of oral diseases prevention for adults in this region as well as serving as a database for further monitoring of oral health status in this region.
DENTAL TREATMENTS REDUCE RISK FOR DEVELOPING CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES IN HYPERLIPIDAEMIC PATIENTS
Authors: Martos R. , Harangi M. , Paragh G. , Kiss C. , MÁrton I. 
Published: February 2025

Patients with hyperlipidaemia are important because of the possible interplay between oral infectious lesions, odontogenic infection-related systemic microinflammation and hyperlipidaemia resulting in an elevated risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the serum C-Reactive Protein (CRP) levels and lipid parameters of patients with hyperlipidaemia in parallel with the improvements in oral health due to comprehensive dental treatment. Methods: All forty four patients (age range 32 to 71) who attended the Internal Medicine Department of the Medical and Science Centre, University of Debrecen (MHSC UD), between March 2005 and April 2007 and who met the inclusion criteria were invited to take part in the study. Of these, twentyeight patients with Fredrickson type IIa and IIb hyperlipidaemia, receiving lipid lowering therapy for at least 6 months, who consented to take part, underwent comprehensive dental and laboratory examinations. Serum hsCRP, lipid and lipoprotein concentrations were determined and sub- and supragingival microflora were characterised. Patients received comprehensive dental treatment at the beginning of the study. Oral health parameters and microflora were checked 3-months after completing dental treatment. Serum high sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) and lipid parameters were re-assessed 1-week and 3-months after treatment. Normal distribution was assessed by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Changes in the variables during follow-up were evaluated by one-way ANOVA and mean values were compared by paired t-test. If parametric approaches could not be applied, the Friedman test, Wilcoxon test and/or Mann-Whitney test were used. To evaluate the effects of confounding variables stepwise linear regression analysis was applied. Ethics approval was given by the ethics committee of the MHSC UD. Results: No clinically relevant changes were observed at 1-week follow-up. At 3-months, periodontal indicators , including plaque indices, gingival indices and periodontal probing depths, improved significantly. There was a significant shift from a predominantly Gram-negative microflora detected on admission to a Gram-positive microflora following therapy, accompanied by a significant reduction in serum hsCRP and total cholesterol concentrations. Male patients and patients receiving non-surgical dental treatments experienced a significant high density lipoprotein C (HDL-C) increase. Conclusions: Results of this study suggest that, in the group studied, improvements in oral health by comprehensive dental treatment were associated with decreases in serum hsCRP and improvements in lipid profile, exposing patients with hyperlipidaemia to a decreased CVD risk, representing an effective adjunct to lipid lowering therapy and preventive cardiology and hence an effective public health intervention.
HOPE IN BREAKING BAD NEWS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Pasztrai F. 
Published: February 2025

This systematic review aimed to understanding existing knowledge of hope in disclosing bad news in advanced cancer care. What conceptual and empirical research has been conducted? Does preserving hope matter to doctors and patients? Are there optimal forms of communication? Method: The systematic review used Cochrane, Pubmed, Scopus, SocIndex and Web of Science in August, 2015. A second reviewer independently screened 20% of the sample. Disagreement over inclusion was solved through discussion. Studies were divided into three groups. 1) Hope and factors relevant to the process of preserving hope. 2) Problems encountered by doctors and patients in the communication of bad news in relation to hope. 3) Problems during breaking bad news. Results: Exploring patient’s goals and perceptions of disease is necessary for doctors to shape their communication. Opportunity to decide how much information they want enables them to practice autonomy while relieving the doctor’s sense of responsibly for making decisions. How patient can be expected to practice autonomy and have realistic expectations and hope if not fully aware of the nature of the disease. The discontinuation of anti-cancer treatment or referral to palliative care can cause confusion for advanced cancer care patients, as it has been traditionally associated with death, and thus with a complete loss of hope. Conclusion: Numerous tools that doctors should use in order to foster hope: 1) Softening, sweetening information and giving hopeful information, 2) Showing care was important especially when no further treatment was available. 3) Acknowledge fear enables patients to feel more able to talk about their concerns. 4) Being open to alternative treatments was valued as it demonstrated that their care provider did not give up on them. 5) Tools for demonstration such as diagrams, pictures, and credible websites was identified as helpful in order to understand information regarding the disease. Supportive relationships such as family were another key factor that played a vital role in preserving hope. Lack of time is frequently mentioned as an obstacle to effective doctor patient communications. Reducing the workload was suggested by doctors as a way of spending more time with and giving more support to patients.
ACCEPTABILITY OF TELEDENTISTRY BY DENTISTS IN THE SOUTH OF FRANCE
Authors: Giraudeau N. , Formont V. , Inquimbert C. , Ologeanu-Taddei R. , Valcarcel J. 
Published: February 2025

Teledentistry is developing globally but it is essential to study the acceptability by all who are involved. The university hospital of Montpellier started an innovation of oral teleconsultation and we studied the acceptability of “e-DENT” by dentists. How the dentists perceive the “e-DENT” project? What influenced acceptability? Which clinical conditions would dentists use for the oral teleconsultation? Methods: In January 2015, we used a qualitative study with 20 semi-directed interviews by phone to dentists in the Montpellier area. Consent was given to participate and to be recorded. We used a snowball technique of dentists who still practice. At the end of the interview each dentist was asked to give two contacts for the next stage. 12 dentists refused. Orthodontics, retired and hospital dentists were excluded. 4 hours, 42 minutes and 10 seconds were recorded and analysed with NVivo® software. Results: The sample was composed by 40% (8) of female and 60% (12) of male. They work for 85% (17) in a big or medium city and 15% (3) in a rural area. 50% (10) were between 30 and 39 years old. Teleconsultation advantages: better organization for appointment for the dentists (decrease and hierarchical), less stress for the patient, more patients could be seen, economic aspect. Disadvantages: quality of the diagnosis, time-consuming, new task for dentists and nurses. The relationship between patient and dentist could change: better acceptability by patient, faster than a classical consultation but no more physical contact between patient and professional. Conclusion: the oral teleconsultation seems to be accepted by French dentists. The more important fears about this new concept are the quality of the diagnosis and the payment for the telediagnostic system. The responsibility is also a question. The dentists think that it’s a good tool for equality of access in dental care and it could be very useful for specific populations such as elderly people or disabled people.
THE DIAGNOSTIC ROLE OF OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY (OCT) IN THE CHRONIC DISEASES OF THE SOFT AND HARD TISSUES OF THE ORAL CAVITY
Authors: TÓth E. , Vajas A. , MÁrton I. , TÓth L. 
Published: February 2025

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a novel, non-invasive imaging modality, applied in everyday practice in opthalmology. It enables cross-sectional real-time imaging of different tissue microstructures in situ. The optical biopsy, provided by OCT gives further microstructural information about oral soft and hard tissues and different deposits adhered to these surfaces. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of OCT for chronic diseases of soft and hard tissues of the oral cavity. Microfractures of dental tissues and biofilm developed on soft and hard tissues of the oral cavity were examined. Methods: The study took place in the Departments of Restorative Dentistry and Opthalmology at the University of Debrecen between December 2015 and April 2016. It was approved by the University of Debrecen ethics committee and all patients who took part gave their written consent. Forty two examinations were performed on 14 patients, with 3 types of OCT devices on oral soft and hard tissues. OCT devices utilize the different ability of biological tissues to absorb and reflect light. Biofilm which adhered to dental surfaces and gingiva was examined with Time- Domain (TD) OCT (Zeiss Stratus OCT, Karl Zeiss Meditec). Heidelberg Spectralis Spectral- Domain (SD) OCT was used for the microstructural examination of dental hard tissues. Visante (Carl Zeiss Meditec) OCT was used for the evaluation of the presence and structure of biofilm in vivo. Four Adults with intact teeth were included as control. Results: The presence of surface biofilm was detected in every case as being between 25μm and 55μm thickness by TD-OCT. Different structural properties were detected as irregular, thin-continous and thick biofilm layers. The near-infrared wavelength of light used in SD- OCT verified dental micro-fractures between 15 μm- 95μm in width. The presence and varying amount of biofilm were also detected with Visante (Carl Zeiss Meditec) OCT. Conclusion: The OCT imaging technique provided excellent resolution (5μm). In the biofilm microorganisms were present in an extracellular matrix layer made of polysaccharides, proteins and nucleic acid, which was produced by microbes. In this layer bacteria can exist in a safe environment. The antibiotic resistance is thousand times higher than in planktonic form. The authors consider the technique suitable for the evaluation of microstructural properties of biofilm on oral soft and hard tissues. Using OCT it is possible to gain new information about oral pathological conditions and microstructural changes.
ANTIFUNGAL EFFECTS OF ORAL HYGIENIC PRODUCTS ON IN-VITRO BIOFILMS
Authors: Mensch K. , Pongracz J. , Nagy Á. , KristÓf K. , Nagy G. 
Published: February 2025

Aim: The objective of the present study was to assess the preventive and therapeutic efficacy of Cervitec Plus against four Candida species grown on acrylic surfaces. Oral candidiasis is a common opportunistic infection due to fungal adherence to acrylic surfaces. Denture wearing patients have increased risk to candidal infection. Chlorhexidine containing antimicrobials are important for prevention and treatment of oral candidal infections. Methods: The preventive and therapeutic antifungal effect of Cervitec Plus varnish compared with chlorohexidene mouth rinse was examined on artificial biofilm of Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis and Candida glabrata. Nystatin was used as a positive control and Cervitec placebo varnish and sterile saline solution as negative controls. Phase one investigated the therapeutic effect and phase 2 the preventive effects of these agents. Candida biofilms were grown in Sabouraud liquid medium, after being treated by the antifungals and controls. In phase 2 the agents were applied to the wells of the plates and the artificial biofilms were then grown. To determine the metabolic activity of biofilms XTT-assay were used. The tests were performed in triplicate. Results: In the therapeutic phase (1), Cervitec Plus varnish did not reduce the CFU of the candida species more than the generally used antimicrobials. The most effective therapeutic agent was Chlorohexidene, followed by Nystatin and Cervitec Plus. In phase 2 the most effective preventive agent against Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis was the Nystatine and Cervitec Plus, followed by Chlorohexidene. In the case of Candida tropicalis and glabrata, the Nystatin was more effective, compared to Cervitec Plus and Chlorohexidene. Discussion: According to our findings, the therapeutic efficacy of Cervitec Plus is no greater than the other studied agents. A preventive effect of Cervitec Plus against Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis was shown. Because of side-effects of Nystatin, Cervitec Plus may be considered an alternative preventive agent against Candida species. Further study is required to investigate the long-term anticandidal effect of Cervitec.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN 12-YEAR-OLDS DENTAL STATUS IN URBAN AND RURAL EAST MACEDONIA
Authors: Getova B. , Sozovska E. , Miloshevski N. , Janevska S. , Pavlevska M. , Petanovski H. 
Published: February 2025

Inequalities exist in oral health service,access,oral health knowledge, practices and prevalence of oral diseases. Rural areas are often associated with lower education levels, people are poorer, less healthliterate, have more caries, have fewer teeth and have less money to spend on dental care compared to people living in urban areas. Aim: To identify differences in dental status and knowledge about sealants between rural and urban 12- year-olds in East Macedonia in order to evaluate the National preventive program (2007- 2014). Method: Cross sectional surveys used cluster sampling and recorded DMFT. A total of 328 children aged 12-year- old were examined in 2007 and 313 in 2014, of both sexes from state schools across 3 regions in East Macedonia. Both urban and rural areas with contrasting socio-economic groups participated in the study. A calibrated dental team clinically examined and personally interviewed all the subjects in line with WHO recommendations. The sample was examined using standard dental diagnostic equipment (plane dental mirror, dental probe) under artificial light on dry teeth in a dental chair. Results were analysed by means of descriptive statistics. Ethical approval for the study was part of the National preventive program. Results: In urban 12-year-olds the 2007 DMFT was 4.27, while in rural areas it was 4.41. By 2014, in urban areas DMFT was 1.89, and in rural areas 1.65. More urban children knew about fissure sealing 95 (61.8%) and the appropriate time for sealing 96 (62.3%), than their rural counterparts, 77/83 (48.4% /52.2%). Conclusion: There is an apparent trend of decreasing DMFT following implementation of the National prevention program. Also, there are no significant differences between DMFT among children from urban and rural areas because of equal implementation of the preventive measures from the National program throughout Macedonia. However, intensive application of preventive measures is still needed so that there is even further improvement in oral health among 12-year-olds in East Macedonia. The authors wish to thank Coordinative Body for implementing and monitoring of National preventive program for children in The Republic of Macedonia, for assistance in determining the analytic strategy and helpful comments.