bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LncRNA MEG3 inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in laryngeal cancer via miR‐23a/APAF‐1 axis
Authors: Zhang Xiaowen , Wu Nan , Wang Jin , Li Zhijie 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLong non‐coding RNA (LncRNA) MEG3 serves a regulatory role in the progression of several types of cancer, but the role of MEG3 in laryngeal cancer is still unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the regulatory role and mechanism of MEG3 in laryngeal cancer. MEG3 expression in 50 laryngeal cancer tissue samples was detected by reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). The effects of MEG3 overexpression on laryngeal cancer cells were investigated in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism of competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) was validated through luciferase reporter assay, RT‐qPCR and Western blotting. MEG3 was down‐regulated in laryngeal cancer tissues, and the low MEG3 expression was associated with advanced clinical stage. Additionally, MEG3 overexpression inhibited the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of laryngeal cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Particularly, MEG3 bound to miR‐23a specifically and a reciprocal negative regulation existed between miR‐23a and MEG3. Moreover, MEG3 up‐regulated apoptotic protease activating factor‐1 (APAF‐1), a known miR‐23a's target, thereby leading to the activation of caspase‐9 and caspase‐3. Meanwhile, these activated effects were rescued by miR‐23a overexpression. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that MEG3 functions as a novel tumour suppressive LncRNA in laryngeal cancer for the first time. Furthermore, MEG3 may act as a ceRNA to regulate APAF‐1 expression by competitive binding to miR‐23a, thereby regulating the progression of laryngeal cancer.
Stachydrine prevents LPS‐induced bone loss by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis via NF‐κB and Akt signalling
Authors: Meng Jiahong , Zhou Chenhe , Zhang Wenkan , Wang Wei , He Bin , Hu Bin , Jiang Guangyao , Wang Yangxin , Hong Jianqiao , Li Sihao , He Jiamin , Yan Shigui , Yan Weiqi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOsteoclast overactivation‐induced imbalance in bone remodelling leads to pathological bone destruction, which is a characteristic of many osteolytic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, periprosthetic osteolysis and periodontitis. Natural compounds that suppress osteoclast formation and function have therapeutic potential for treating these diseases. Stachydrine (STA) is a bioactive alkaloid isolated from Leonurus heterophyllus Sweet and possesses antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, anticancer and cardioprotective properties. However, its effects on osteoclast formation and function have been rarely described. In the present study, we found that STA suppressed receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) ligand (RANKL)‐induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption, and reduced osteoclast‐related gene expression in vitro. Mechanistically, STA inhibited RANKL‐induced activation of NF‐κB and Akt signalling, thus suppressing nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 induction and nuclear translocation. In addition, STA alleviated bone loss and reduced osteoclast number in a murine model of LPS‐induced inflammatory bone loss. STA also inhibited the activities of NF‐κB and NFATc1 in vivo. Together, these results suggest that STA effectively inhibits osteoclastogenesis both in vitro and in vivo and therefore is a potential option for treating osteoclast‐related diseases.
Glucocorticoid receptor inhibits Müller glial galectin‐1 expression via DUSP1‐dependent and ‐independent deactivation of AP‐1 signalling
Authors: Hirose Ikuyo , Kanda Atsuhiro , Noda Kousuke , Ishida Susumu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGalectin‐1/LGALS1 is a hypoxia‐induced angiogenic factor associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR). Recently, we elucidated a hypoxia‐independent pathway to produce galectin‐1 in Müller glial cells stimulated by interleukin (IL)‐1β. Here we revealed glucocorticoid receptor (GR)‐mediated inhibitory mechanisms for Müller glial galectin‐1/LGALS1 expression. Activator protein (AP)‐1 site in the LGALS1 enhancer region, to which activating transcription factor2, c‐Fos and c‐Jun bind, was shown to be essential for IL‐1β‐induced galectin‐1/LGALS1 expression in Müller cells. Ligand (dexamethasone or triamcinolone acetonide)‐activated GR induced dual specificity phosphatase (DUSP)1 expression via the glucocorticoid response element and attenuated IL‐1β‐induced galectin‐1/LGALS1 expression by reducing phosphorylation of these AP‐1 subunits following AKT and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 deactivation. Moreover, activated GR also caused DUSP1‐independent down‐regulation of IL‐1β‐induced LGALS1 expression via its binding to AP‐1. Administration of glucocorticoids to mice attenuated diabetes‐induced retinal galectin‐1/Lgals1 expression together with AKT/AP‐1 and ERK/AP‐1 pathways. Supporting these in vitro and in vivo findings, immunofluorescence analyses showed co‐localization of galectin‐1 with GR and phosphorylated AP‐1 in DUSP1‐positive glial cells in fibrovascular tissues from patients with DR. Our present data demonstrated the inhibitory effects of glucocorticoids on glial galectin‐1 expression via DUSP1‐dependent and ‐independent deactivation of AP‐1 signalling (transactivation and transrepression), highlighting therapeutic implications for DR.
Against Associate EU Citizenship
Authors: van den Brink Martijn , Kochenov Dimitry 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUK nationals will lose their EU citizenship status as a result of the Brexit referendum. To prevent this, several commentators, including the European Parliament Brexit negotiator Guy Verhofstadt, proposed to grant associate EU citizenship to UK nationals to safeguard their rights as EU citizens after Brexit. We make the case against associate EU citizenship, dismissing it on three grounds. First, it violates the letter and the spirit of EU law. Second, it violates core EU values, including the EU's promise to respect the constitutional traditions of member states and the values of democracy and the rule of law. Third, it is against EU's interests, as associate EU citizenship fails to respect reciprocity in EU relations with third countries and undermines the coherence of the edifice of EU constitutionalism.
Family‐focused cognitive behavioral treatment for depressed adolescents in suicidal crisis with co‐occurring risk factors: a randomized trial
Authors: Esposito‐Smythers Christianne , Wolff Jennifer C. , Liu Richard T. , Hunt Jeffrey I. , Adams Leah , Kim Kerri , Frazier Elisabeth A. , Yen Shirley , Dickstein Daniel P. , Spirito Anthony 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundSuicide is the second leading cause of death among adolescents. The purpose of this study was to test a family‐focused outpatient cognitive behavioral treatment (F‐CBT) protocol for depressed adolescents following psychiatric hospitalization for a suicide attempt or suicidal ideation, and who had a co‐occurring risk factor (suicidal behavior prior to the index admission, nonsuicidal self‐injury, and/or a substance use disorder), in a randomized Phase 2 efficacy trial.MethodOne hundred forty‐seven adolescents (mean age = 14.91 years; 76.2% female, 85.5% White) and their families, recruited primarily from an inpatient psychiatric hospitalization program, were randomly assigned to F‐CBT or enhanced treatment‐as‐usual (E‐TAU). A suicide attempt was the primary outcome variable. Depression, suicidal ideation, and nonsuicidal self‐injury are also reported here. Assessments were completed at pretreatment as well as 6, 12, and 18‐months postrandomization (Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01732601).ResultsIn the sample as a whole, rates of attempts decreased from 20% at 6 months to 9% at 12 months to 7% at 18 months. There was no evidence of a significant difference between treatment arms in rates of suicide attempts, major depressive disorder, suicidal ideation, or nonsuicidal self‐injury at any of the postrandomization assessment points.ConclusionsThough F‐CBT was associated with reductions in suicidality, depression, and nonsuicidal self‐injury, E‐TAU showed an equally strong effect. Greater frequency of F‐CBT treatment sessions, particularly at the start of care, and alternative approaches to transitioning to care at 12 months, may be necessary when using F‐CBT with this population.
Effects of intracoelomic transmitter implantation on metabolic rate, swimming performance, growth and survival in juveniles of two salmonids
Authors: Darcy Andrew P. , Raby Graham D. , Johnson Timothy B. , Pitcher Trevor E. , Fisk Aaron T. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the effects of acoustic tag implantation on standard and routine metabolic rate (SMR and RMR, estimated via oxygen consumption), critical swimming speed (Ucrit), survival and growth in juveniles of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and lake trout Salvelinus namaycush. Tag burdens ranged from 1.8% to 7.5% across the two species. Growth rates in acoustic‐tagged fish were equal to or higher than those in other treatments. Acoustic‐tagged S. namaycush had a marginally lower Ucrit than controls but that effect was not replicated in the O. mykiss experiment. Tagging did not have clear effects on metabolic rate but there was an interaction whereby SMR and RMR tended to increase with time since surgery in tagged O. mykiss but not in other treatments (the same trend did not occur in S. namaycush). Survival was high across treatments (mean 98% survival among O. mykiss, 97.5% among S. namaycush). There were no statistically significant effects of tag burden (percentage of body mass) except for a weak negative relationship with growth rate (across species) and a weak positive relationship with Ucrit but only in the O. mykiss. Collectively, our findings suggest there were minor, context‐dependent effects of acoustic tagging in juvenile S. namaycush and O. mykiss during an eight‐week laboratory experiment. Further research will be required to assess whether tagging can cause meaningful behavioural effects in these species in captivity or in the wild and whether there is a tag burden threshold above which deleterious effects consistently occur.
Stereological estimation of particle shape from vertical sections
Authors: Y. LARSEN NICK , ZIEGEL JOHANNA F. , NYENGAARD JENS R. , JENSEN EVA B. VEDEL 
Published: July 2019

SummaryIn the present paper, we describe a new simple stereological method of estimating volume tensors in 3D from vertical sections. The volume tensors provide information about particle shape in 3D. In a model‐based setting, the method requires that the particle distribution is invariant under rotations around the vertical axis. In a design‐based approach, where the vertical section is uniformly rotated around the vertical axis, the method provides information about an index of elongation of the particles in the direction of the vertical axis. The method has been implemented on human brain tissue for the analysis of neurons in layer III of the medial frontal gyrus of Brodmann Area 46. In the actual implementation, the new estimator shows similar precision as an earlier estimator, based on an optical rotator design, but it is a factor 3 faster to collect the measurements for the new estimator. Furthermore, the calculations needed for determining the new estimator are much simpler.Lay DescriptionA new method is described for estimating volume tensors in 3 dimensions based on the stereological method: planar rotator. In general, volume tensors may provide information about particle volume, shape and direction. The new estimator was implemented on human brain tissue for the analysis of neurons in layer III of the medial frontal gyrus on Brodmann Area 46 and compared to a previous published method, based on an optical rotator design. The new estimator shows similar precision as the earlier estimator, but it is a factor 3 faster to collect the measurements. Besides, the calculations behind the new estimator are simpler and easier to implement to a software program.
Appropriate Nursing Home Nurse Hours per Resident Day in Korea: A Secondary Analysis of Longitudinal Data
Authors: Shin Juh Hyun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPurposeTo encourage the enactment of laws about mandatory nurse staffing in nursing homes, researchers should provide evidence of concrete nurse hours per resident day (HPRD). This article estimates optimal nurse staffing HPRD to achieve increased quality‐of‐care outcomes for nursing home residents.DesignSecondary analysis of longitudinal data.MethodsThis study used secondary analysis of longitudinal nursing home survey data. Nurse staffing HPRD and quality‐of‐care survey data accrued from nursing homes operating under long‐term‐care insurance in Korea. The collected data include a total of six quarterly base measurements on nurse staffing HPRD and 15 quality indicators from 2014 to 2017. The proposed optimization model emerged to most appropriately combine nurse staffing HPRD to increase quality‐of‐care outcomes for nursing home residents by 3% to 8%. Optimal outcome measures were fixed as best outcomes and compiled from 15 nursing‐sensitive quality indicators.FindingsConstrained nonlinear optimization was used for analysis. A 12% increase in registered nurse (RN) HPRD (from 0.168 HPRD [10 min 5 s] to 0.177 [10 min 38 s]) aligned with a 3% improvement in quality‐of‐care outcomes. A 20% RN HPRD increase aligned with a commensurate 5% to 8% increase in compiled quality‐of‐care outcomes (from 0.168 HPRD [10 min 5 s] to 0.202 HPRD [12 min 6 s]) without increasing certified nurse aide HPRD. About a 30% RN HPRD increase aligned with a commensurate 5% to 8% increase in compiled quality‐of‐care outcomes (from 0.168 HPRD [10 min 5 s] to 0.218 HPRD [13 min 6 s]) without increasing certified nurse aide HPRD.ConclusionsIt is urgent to institute mandatory nurse HPRD for nursing homes in Korea by law. This research provides evidence that increasing nursing HPRD improved residents’ outcomes in nursing homes.Clinical RelevanceFindings from the optimization model implied that stable care by RNs in nursing homes is a key factor in achieving acceptable quality of care for residents.
The Relationship Between Depression and Frailty in Community‐Dwelling Older People: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of 84,351 Older Adults
Authors: Chu Wen , Chang Shu‐Fang , Ho Hsu‐Yu , Lin Hsiang‐Chun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesIn this study we investigated the correlation between depression and frailty in older adults. Additionally, correlations among study designs (prospective vs. cross‐sectional), regions, depression indices, frailty indices, covariance corrections, and sexes were explored to support the analysis.MethodsA systematic literature review and meta‐analysis were conducted. A total of 84,351 older adults, all 65 years of age or older, were analyzed. Both authors independently extracted and examined retrieved articles. Searched keywords included “depression” or “depressive”; “frailty” or “frail”; and “older people,” “elderly,” “geriatric,” or “senior.” Articles published between January 2000 and December 2016 were searched. A literature quality assessment was conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for SystematicReviews and Meta‐AnalysesSystematic literature searches were conducted on the Embase, PubMed, MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Cochrane Library databases, and collected studies were analyzed using a random effects model.ResultsFourteen studies on people 65 years of age or older were collected, and a correlation analysis was conducted for depression and frailty. According to the meta‐analysis, the risk for frailty due to depression was nonsignificant among the subgroups for study design (p for heterogeneity = .149), region (p = .429), depression criteria (p = .934), covariate adjustment (p = .702), and frailty criteria (p = .661). Notably, the risk for frailty due to depression was significantly higher in men than in women (pooled odds ratios for men and women: 4.76 and 2.25, respectively; Qbetween χ2 = 9.93, p = .002).ConclusionOlder adults with depression are more prone to frailty than are those without depression. Regardless of study design, region, depression index, frailty index, and covariance corrections, no significant differences were observed in the results of studies on depression and frailty in older adults. The only factor that had a significant influence was sex; older men with depression were at a higher risk for frailty than were older women with depression.Clinical RelevanceDepression and frailty are pertinent health concerns related to geriatric syndromes. Because older adults with depression have a high risk for frailty, nursing personnel should use a depression index as early as possible to screen for depression and further reduce the occurrence of frailty in older adults. Furthermore, based on the aforementioned differences between the sexes, special attention should be paid to older men with depression to reduce their risk for frailty.
Effects of Work‐Related Stressors and Mindfulness on Mental and Physical Health Among Australian Nurses and Healthcare Workers
Authors: De Cieri Helen , Shea Tracey , Cooper Brian , Oldenburg Brian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPurposeTo examine the relative impact of work‐related stressors and the personal resource of mindfulness on employees’ mental and physical health.DesignA cross‐sectional survey design with nursing and healthcare workers in Victoria, Australia.MethodsData were collected from 702 respondents. Mean scores for work‐related stressors and employee mental and physical health were compared with population norms. We used hierarchical linear regressions to examine the relative impact of demographics, work‐related stressors, and mindfulness on employee mental and physical health.FindingsEmployees in this sample reported higher levels of work‐related stress and poorer mental health compared to available norms, while their levels of physical health were within the normal range. Regression analyses showed that work‐related stressors were important predictors of employee mental health, but mindfulness was the stronger predictor. There was a slightly stronger relationship between employee physical health and work‐related stress compared to mindfulness. Furthermore, being younger and employed in a non‐nursing role were associated with better physical health.Clinical RelevanceEncouraging mindfulness as a health behavior practice among nurses and other healthcare workers could improve employee well‐being and potentially enable them to more effectively fulfill the requirements of their demanding roles.
The effect of human umbilical cord blood–derived mesenchymal stem cell media containing serum on recovery after laser treatment: A double‐blinded, randomized, split‐face controlled study
Authors: Kim Jihee , Kim Bomi , Kim Soomin , Lee Young In , Kim Jemin , Lee Ju Hee 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundAblative CO2 fractional laser (AFL) is a common cosmetic procedure to improve skin laxity. However, due to prolonged downtime and the risk of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, laser‐assisted delivery of active ingredients as post–laser treatment has gained interest in past years. Among various active ingredients, human umbilical cord blood–derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCBMSCs) can be a promising agent promoting skin regeneration.AimsWe evaluated the efficacy and safety of a human cord blood cell–conditioned media containing serum and cream on patients who underwent AFL treatment. A randomized, investigator‐blinded, prospective, split‐face comparison study was conducted.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐three patients who underwent AFL on both cheeks applied a human umbilical cord blood–derived mesenchymal stem cell (hUCBMSC)‐conditioned media containing cream with or without stem cell containing serum application. As a primary outcome measure, we evaluated the total area of microcrusts and post‐treatment erythema using digital photographs. Additionally, skin biophysical parameters (corneometer, TEWL) and global improvement scores for skin texture were assessed.ResultsThe area of total microcrusts was reduced in the study group which applied both serum and cream. The global improvement score of the post‐treatment erythema was significantly reduced. Investigator‐assessed global improvement scores were higher in the combination treatment group. Additionally, there was no adverse event, which was associated with the use of either hUCBMSCs containing serum or cream.ConclusionThe application of human cord blood cell containing serum and cream resulted in accelerated wound healing and reduced post‐treatment erythema, which effectively reduced recovery time after ablative laser treatment.
Opportunities and competition in thick labor markets: Evidence from plant closures
Authors: Haller Peter , Heuermann Daniel F. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSince Marshall (1890), it has been widely held in urban economic theory that cities insure workers against the risk of unemployment by offering a larger pool of potential jobs. Using a large administrative panel data set on workers displaced as a result of plant closures, we examine whether positive effects from a higher urban job density are offset by more intense competition between workers. When controlling for the sorting of workers between regions, we find robust evidence that the effect of job competition on unemployment duration exceeds that of job opportunities in absolute value. Our results put the idea of urban risk‐sharing into perspective and provide an explanation for observed longer unemployment durations in cities.
Incidence and risk factors for the diagnosis of lymphoma in dogs in UK primary‐care practice
Authors: Pittaway C. , Schofield I. , Dobson J. , O'Neill D. G. , Brodbelt D. C. 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesTo identify the incidence, risk factors and presenting signs of lymphoma in dogs presenting to primary‐care practice in the UK using analysis of data within the VetCompass™ programme.Materials and MethodsCase records from the VetCompass™ programme from primary‐care practices in the UK were searched for newly diagnosed lymphoma in dogs within a 1‐year period: 2013. Diagnosis was based on clinical records with or without laboratory confirmation. Signalment was evaluated as risk factors for lymphoma diagnosis using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsThere were 286 presumed newly diagnosed cases identified during 2013 from 455,553 dogs (overall incidence risk 63 of 100,000 dogs per year) of which 193 (67%) were laboratory confirmed (42 of 100,000 dogs per year). Advanced age, dogs older than 12 years, dogs weighing more than 30 kg and some specific breeds were significantly associated with lymphoma diagnosis. Only 18 dogs (6%) of the population identified were referred to a specialist clinic.Clinical SignificanceThis study concurs with others that age, bodyweight and breed are significant risk factors for lymphoma. Results of this study highlight: (1) the low number of dogs with lymphoma that are referred to specialists in the UK and (2) that few dogs undergo immunophenotyping (which can carry prognostic importance), emphasising the importance of epidemiological programmes that evaluate diseases presented to primary‐care veterinarians.