bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Discussion of Professional Identity Development in Nursing Students
Authors: Maginnis Cathy 
Published: May 2018

Becoming a nurse requires development of professional capabilities, specifically socialisation into the profession and developing a professional identity (PI). A search of the literature highlights a lack of empirical research in PI development during pre-registration nursing education. A range of factors will be explored that relate to PI, including identity, professional socialisation, a sense of belonging to the profession and clinical placement. Exploring the development of a PI in nursing students can assist with identifying drivers and inhibitors. The aim of this paper is to describe PI development in pre-registration nursing students’ education and the relationship between development of a PI and the tertiary provided education. There are a multitude of factors that impact on developing a PI such as identity, professional socialisation, belonging, clinical placements and educators. Nursing students predominantly develop a nursing PI in the pre-registration program with professional socialisation through exposure to academia, clinical practice and role models. The onus of responsibility for developing a PI in nursing students is attributed to educational institutions.
An expected outcome of the pre-registration program is that nursing students will have formed a PI. A greater depth of understanding PI is important in supporting the education of the nurses of the future. There may not be one simple explanation for what PI is, or how it is developed, but a greater depth of understanding of PI by both the tertiary sector and the nursing profession is important in supporting the education of the nurses of the future. Further research will enable a dialogue describing the development of a PI in nursing students and an understanding of the attributes and conceptions attributed to a nursing PI.
Infección asociada al cuidado de la salud por Staphylococcus aureus meticilino resistente de la comunidad.
Authors: ARO CAROLINA , Degiovanni Gabriela Emilce , Zurbriggen Maria Laura , Blesa Maria Jose , Ezcurra Gustavo , Nagel Alicia , Mollerach Analia , Mendez Emilce De los Angeles , Tomatis Carla , Baroni Maria Rosa 
Published: May 2018

Staphylococcus aureus es uno de los patógenos más importantes para el humano, por su virulencia y capacidad de adquirir rápidamente resistencia a los antimicrobianos, es responsable de infecciones diversas, tanto de origen comunitario como hospitalario. Las Infecciones por Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina circunscribían hasta hace no demasiado tiempo exclusivamente al ámbito hospitalario (SARM-AH) y desde la década de los 90’ un problema también frecuente en la Comunidad (SARM-AC), en pacientes previamente sanos. En la actualidad, las cepas SARM-AC que son genéticamente diferentes a las SAMR-AH, son responsables de las infecciones asociadas al cuidado de la Salud. Presentamos el caso clínico de una infección invasiva por SARM-AC en un niño prematuro y su madre. Los aislamientos portaron el gen mecA, la leucocidina de Panton-Valentine, el cassette SCCmec tipo IV y spa t019 (por asociación: ST30). Ambos aislamientos, atendiendo a criterios fenotípicos y moleculares, fueron categorizados como SARM-AC.
Decomposing Gratitude: Representation and Integration of Cognitive Antecedents of Gratitude in the Brain
Authors: Yu Hongbo , Gao Xiaoxue , Zhou Yuanyuan , Zhou Xiaolin 
Published: May 2018

Gratitude is a typical social-moral emotion that plays a crucial role in maintaining human cooperative interpersonal relationship. Although neural correlates of gratitude have been investigated, the neurocognitive processes that lead to gratitude, namely, the representation and integration of its cognitive antecedents, remain largely unknown. Here, we combined fMRI and a human social interactive task to investigate how benefactor's cost and beneficiary's benefit, two critical antecedents of gratitude, are encoded and integrated in beneficiary's brain, and how the neural processing of gratitude is converted to reciprocity. A coplayer decided whether to help a human participant (either male or female) avoid pain at his/her own monetary cost; the participants could transfer monetary points to the benefactor with the knowledge that the benefactor was unaware of this transfer. By independently manipulating monetary cost and the degree of pain reduction, we could identify the neural signatures of benefactor's cost and recipient's benefit and examine how they were integrated. Recipient's self-benefit was encoded in reward-sensitive regions (e.g., ventral striatum), whereas benefactor-cost was encoded in regions associated with mentalizing (e.g., temporoparietal junction). Gratitude was represented in perigenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC), the strength of which correlated with trait gratitude. Dynamic causal modeling showed that the neural signals representing benefactor-cost and self-benefit passed to pgACC via effective connectivities, suggesting an integrative role of pgACC in generating gratitude. Moreover, gyral ACC plays an intermediary role in converting gratitude representation into reciprocal behaviors. Our findings provide a neural mechanistic account of gratitude and its role in social-moral life.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTGratitude plays an integral role in subjective well-being and harmonious interpersonal relationships. However, the neurocognitive processes through which various components and antecedents of gratitude are integrated remain largely unknown. We developed a new interpersonal paradigm to independently and parametrically manipulate two antecedents of gratitude in a helping context, namely, the benefit to beneficiary and the cost to benefactor, to examine their representation and integration in the beneficiary's brain using fMRI. We found the neural encoding of self-benefit and benefactor-cost in reward- and mentalizing-related brain areas, respectively. More importantly, by examining effective connectivity, we showed that these componential signals are passed to perigenual anterior cingulate cortex, which tracks trial-by-trial gratitude levels. Our study thus provides a neural mechanistic account of gratitude.
Defects in the Neuroendocrine Axis Contribute to Global Development Delay in a Drosophila Model of NGLY1 Deficiency
Authors: Rodriguez Tamy Portillo , Mast Joshua D , Hartl Tom , Lee Tom , Sand Peter , Perlstein Ethan O 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
N-glycanase 1 (NGLY1) Deficiency is a rare monogenic multi-system disorder first described in 2014. NGLY1 is evolutionarily conserved in model organisms. Here we conducted a natural history study and chemical-modifier screen on the Drosophila melanogaster NGLY1 homolog, Pngl. We generated a new fly model of NGLY1 Deficiency, engineered with a nonsense mutation in Pngl at codon 420 that results in a truncation of the C-terminal carbohydrate-binding PAW domain. Homozygous mutant animals exhibit global development delay, pupal lethality and small body size as adults. We developed a 96-well-plate, image-based, quantitative assay of Drosophila larval size for use in a screen of the 2,560-member Microsource Spectrum compound library of FDA approved drugs, bioactive tool compounds, and natural products. We found that the cholesterol-derived ecdysteroid molting hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) partially rescued the global developmental delay in mutant homozygotes. Targeted expression of a human NGLY1 transgene to tissues involved in ecdysteroidogenesis, e.g., prothoracic gland, also partially rescues global developmental delay in mutant homozygotes. Finally, the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib is a potent enhancer of global developmental delay in our fly model, evidence of a defective proteasome “bounce-back” response that is also observed in nematode and cellular models of NGLY1 Deficiency. Together, these results demonstrate the therapeutic relevance of a new fly model of NGLY1 Deficiency for drug discovery and gene modifier screens.
Calcineurin Regulatory Subunit Calcium-Binding Domains Differentially Contribute to Calcineurin Signaling in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Connolly Sean , Quasi-Woode Devona , Waldron Laura , Eberly Christian , Waters Kerri , Muller Eric M , Kingsbury Tami J 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The protein phosphatase calcineurin is central to Ca2+ signaling pathways from yeast to humans. Full activation of calcineurin requires Ca2+ binding to the regulatory subunit CNB, comprised of four Ca2+-binding EF hand domains, and recruitment of Ca2+-calmodulin. Here we report the consequences of disrupting Ca2+ binding to individual Cnb1 EF hand domains on calcineurin function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Calcineurin activity was monitored via quantitation of the calcineurin-dependent reporter gene, CDRE-lacZ, and calcineurin-dependent growth under conditions of environmental stress. Mutation of EF2 dramatically reduced CDRE-lacZ expression and failed to support calcineurin-dependent growth. In contrast, Ca2+ binding to EF4 was largely dispensable for calcineurin function. Mutation of EF1 and EF3 exerted intermediate phenotypes. Reduced activity of EF1, EF2, or EF3 mutant calcineurin was also observed in yeast lacking functional calmodulin and could not be rescued by expression of a truncated catalytic subunit lacking the C-terminal autoinhibitory domain either alone or in conjunction with the calmodulin binding and autoinhibitory segment domains. Ca2+ binding to EF1, EF2, and EF3 in response to intracellular Ca2+ signals therefore has functions in phosphatase activation beyond calmodulin recruitment and displacement of known autoinhibitory domains. Disruption of Ca2+ binding to EF1, EF2, or EF3 reduced Ca2+ responsiveness of calcineurin, but increased the sensitivity of calcineurin to immunophilin-immunosuppressant inhibition. Mutation of EF2 also increased the susceptibility of calcineurin to hydrogen peroxide inactivation. Our observations indicate that distinct Cnb1 EF hand domains differentially affect calcineurin function in vivo, and that EF4 is not essential despite conservation across taxa.
Management of Type 1 Diabetes With a Very Low–Carbohydrate Diet
Authors: Lennerz Belinda S. , Barton Anna , Bernstein Richard K. , Dikeman R. David , Diulus Carrie , Hallberg Sarah , Rhodes Erinn T. , Ebbeling Cara B. , Westman Eric C. , Yancy William S. , Ludwig David S. 
Published: May 2018

OBJECTIVES:
To evaluate glycemic control among children and adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) who consume a very low–carbohydrate diet (VLCD).

METHODS:
We conducted an online survey of an international social media group for people with T1DM who follow a VLCD. Respondents included adults and parents of children with T1DM. We assessed current hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (primary measure), change in HbA1c after the self-reported beginning of the VLCD, total daily insulin dose, and adverse events. We obtained confirmatory data from diabetes care providers and medical records.

RESULTS:
Of 316 respondents, 131 (42%) were parents of children with T1DM, and 57% were of female sex. Suggestive evidence of T1DM (based on a 3-tier scoring system in which researchers took into consideration age and weight at diagnosis, pancreatic autoimmunity, insulin requirement, and clinical presentation) was obtained for 273 (86%) respondents. The mean age at diagnosis was 16 ± 14 years, the duration of diabetes was 11 ± 13 years, and the time following a VLCD was 2.2 ± 3.9 years. Participants had a mean daily carbohydrate intake of 36 ± 15 g. Reported mean HbA1c was 5.67% ± 0.66%. Only 7 (2%) respondents reported diabetes-related hospitalizations in the past year, including 4 (1%) for ketoacidosis and 2 (1%) for hypoglycemia.

CONCLUSIONS:
Exceptional glycemic control of T1DM with low rates of adverse events was reported by a community of children and adults who consume a VLCD. The generalizability of these findings requires further studies, including high-quality randomized controlled trials.
Is Science Enough?: The Limits of Scientific Agriculture in Nineteenth-Century Russia within a Global Market
Authors: Smith-Peter Susan 
Published: May 2018

<p>В статье выдвинуто предположение, что распространение научной информации не всегда является достаточным для успешной производитель­ности любой конкретной страны на глобальном рынке. В частности, в XIX веке в России существовали значительные барьеры для применения тех­нологий разведения улучшенных пород домашнего скота. Хотя сельско­хозяйственные общества — добровольные объединения российского дворян­ства — вели существенную работу по распространению научных методов разведения домашнего скота в России, успех на глобальном рынке шерсти был кратковременным. Изучение взаимовлияния отечественного и глобаль­ного рынков является ключевым для более глубокого понимания вызовов, стоящих перед российским сельским хозяйством.</p>
Bahserikowi - Centro de Medicina Indígena da Amazônia: concepções e práticas de saúde
Authors: Barreto João Paulo Lima 
Published: May 2018

Pretende?se neste artigo refletir aspectos de conflitos ontológicos entre o modelo de conhecimento indígena e o modelo universal de conhecimento, a partir de uma experiencia desagradável, para não dizer discriminatória, vivenciada durante o ano de 2009. Por outro lado, este fato acabou por servir de embião para criação do Bahserikowi: Centro de Medicina Indígenas. A apresentação visa basicamente refletir como o imaginário construído pelas sociedades sobre o “índio”, sobretudo a classe médica, tem uma visão equivocada sobre conhecimentos e práticas indígenas. O modelo de conhecimento indígena considera que a doença e saúde não se restringem ao aspecto biológico. Antes, ao contrário, envolvem aspectos cosmopolíticos que condicionam a prática da boa saúde. Sai, assim, do entendimento restrito de algo biológico e conecta o indivíduo numa teia de relações com outros seres, com os waimahsã, com os animais, os especialistas, com seus parentes e outras pessoas.
JENIS TINDAK TUTUR DALAM KHOTBAH JUMAT DI MASJID SYARQI, KAIRO MESIR: KAJIAN PRAGMATIK
Authors: Nurul Hidayati Tri Yanti 
Published: May 2018

Based on the above, the issues examined in this study is the locution of speech acts,<br />illocution and perlocution in a Friday khotbah by Egyptian native speakers Syeikh Sa‘i&gt;d<br />Ruslan with the theme Baina As}-S}u&gt;rah wa Al-H}aqi&gt;qah’ between picture and reality, on<br />April 25, 2008 in mosque Syarqi&gt; in Manu&gt;fiyyah province, Subkh Ah}ad, Marka&gt;z Asymu&gt;n <br />village, Cairo, Mesir with a pragmatic analysis. The data are sentences containing<br />locution, illocution and perlocution. The result of analysis shows that speaker of Friday <br />khotbah (khat}i&gt;b) not only use one speech act, but also use some speech acts, that is<br />locution speech act, illocution speech act and perlocution speech act. Locution speech act<br />is the most widely used in Friday khotbah, because it is only used to declare or inform<br />something. In first and second khotbah, the data of locution speech act is found in<br />opening, content and closing. The data of illocution speech act is found in opening and<br />content, while perlocution speech act is found in closing. Illocution speech act includes<br />Follow-illocutionary in the data message includes assertive (strengthen), directive<br />(prohibiting, commanding), expressive (praise), declaration (testimony), commissive<br />(swear).
PENGEMBANGAN LEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM MENGGUNAKAN FRAMEWORK CODEIGNITER DAN ANGULARJS DI PT. XYZ
Authors: Putri Denti Denita 
Published: May 2018

Teknologi informasi merupakan hal yang sangat umum pada era globalisasi ini. Teknologi informasi telah banyak digunakan oleh masyarakat khususnya di dalam perusahaan untuk membantu kegiatan sesuai dengan proses bisnis yang diterapkan perusahaan, salah satunya adalah PT. XYZ. PT. XYZ merupakan perusahaan yang memiliki program utama yaitu penyelenggaran pendidikan dan pelatihan serta assessment kompetensi pegawai. PT. XYZ memanfaatkan teknologi untuk melakukan penyelenggaraan pendidikan dan pelatihan dengan menerapkan Learning Management System (LMS). Saat ini, LMS yang diterapkan perusahaan hanya mengakomodasi sebagian dari proses bisnis perusahaan sehingga perlu adanya pengembangan lebih lanjut untuk membantu dalam meningkatkan efektivitas dan efisiensi kinerja yang dilakukan sesuai dengan proses bisnis yang berjalan di perusahaan. LMS ini digunakan untuk mempermudah dalam pengolahan data-data master yang dibutuhkan dalam menunjang kegiatan pelatihan dan pembelajaran salah satunya adalah data master materi. Metode pengembangan LMS yang digunakan adalah metode SDLC dengan model inkremental. Implementasi LMS menggunakan framework Bootstrap, AngularJS, dan Codeigniter, serta Database Management System (DBMS) MySQL. Hasil pengujian sistem menunjukan bahwa LMS telah berjalan sesuai dengan permintaan dan kebutuhan perusahaan sehingga lebih efektif dan efisien dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan pembelajaran dan pelatihan para pegawainya.
Performance of an autotrophic denitrification process with mixed electron donors and a functional microbial community
Authors: Luo Xianxin , Su Junfeng , Liu Han , Huang Tinglin , Wei Li , Nie Jiawei , Gao Hanyu , Li Dongpeng 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
A moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) using Mn(II) and Fe(II) as mixed electron donors was designed for nitrate removal. The optimal state, as determined by response surface methodology, was an Fe(II):Mn(II) molar ratio of 0.62, electron donor:electron acceptor molar ratio of 2.62 and hydraulic retention time of 10.88 h. Subsequently, the MBBR was applied to groundwater treatment and demonstrated a final nitrate-N removal efficiency of 99.5% with a nitrite-N accumulation rate of 0.0706 mg-N·L−1·h−1. Furthermore, high-throughput sequencing was employed to characterize bacterial communities in the MBBR. Results showed that the genera of Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter may make a contribution to the nitrate removal.
Glomerular Endothelium and its Impact on Glomerular Filtration Barrier in Diabetes: Are the Gaps Still Illusive?
Authors: Ndisang Joseph Fomusi 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Glomerular capillaries are lined with highly specialized fenestrated
endothelium which are primarily responsible to regulate high flux filtration of fluid
and small solutes. During filtration, plasma passes through the fenestrated endothelium
and basement membrane before it reaches the slit diaphragm, a specialized type of intercellular
junction that connects neighbouring podocytes.

Methods:
A PubMed search was done for recent articles on components of the glomerular
filtration barrier such as glomerular endothelial cells, podocytes and glomerular basement
membrane, and the effect of diabetes on these structures.

Results and Conclusion:
Generally, the onset of kidney dysfunction in many diabetic patients
is characterized by albuminuria/proteinuria, a pathophysiological event triggered by
several factors including; (i) endothelial activation and shading of glycocalyx, (ii) loss of
endothelial cell function, (ii) re-uptake of albumin by podocyte through a scavenger receptors
and (iv) rearrangement of podocyte cytoskeleton. Howeover, as podocyte effacement
does not always lead to proteinuria, the dynamic interplay between all constituents
of the glomerular filtration barrier including podocytes, endothelial cells and the basement
membrane may be fundamental for the effective filtration in healthy individuals. Thus, a
putative cross-talk amongst podocytes, endothelial cells and the basement membrane in
the homeostasis of glomerular function is envisaged. Although, the exact nature of this
cross-talk remains to be clearly elucidated, it is possible that the interaction between: (i)
glomerular endothelial cells and podocytes, (ii) glomerular endothelial cells and glomerular
basement membrane, (iii) podocytes and glomerular basement membrane, and (iv) the
simultaneous interaction amongst the three components collectively underpin effective
filtration in healthy individuals. A comprehensive understanding of these different interactions
still remains elusive. The elucidation of these multifaceted interactions will set the
stage for greater understanding of the pathophysiology of kidney dysfunction.
Upregulation of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 in Microglia by Cinnamic Acid
Authors: Chakrabarti Sudipta , Jana Malabendu , Roy Avik , Pahan Kalipada 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative
diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) is an anti-inflammatory
molecule that suppresses cytokine signaling and inflammatory gene expression in different cells including microglia.

Objective:
The pathways through which SOCS3 could be upregulated are poorly described. Cinnamic acid is a metabolite
of cinnamon, a natural compound that is being widely used all over the world as a spice or flavoring agent.
Here, we examined if cinnamic acid could upregulate SOCS3 in microglia.

Method:
Microglia and astroglia isolated from mouse brain as well as BV-2 microglial cells were treated with cinnamic
acid followed by monitoring the level of SOCS3 and different proinflammatory molecules by RT-PCR and
real-time PCR. To nail down the mechanism, we also performed ChIP analysis to monitore the recruitment of cAMP
response element binding (CREB) to the socs3 gene promoter and carried out siRNA knockdown of CREB.

Results:
Cinnamic acid upregulated the expression of SOCS3 mRNA and protein in mouse BV-2 microglial cells in
dose- and time-dependent manner. Accordingly, cinnamic acid also increased the level of SOCS3 and suppressed the
expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and proinflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6) in LPSstimulated
BV-2 microglial cells. Similar to BV-2 microglial cells, cinnamic acid also increased the expression of
SOCS3 in primary mouse microglia and astrocytes. We have seen that cAMP response element is present in the promoter
of socs3 gene, that cinnamic acid induces the activation of CREB, that siRNA knockdown of CREB abrogates
cinnamic acid-mediated upregulation of SOCS3, and that cinnamic acid treatment leads to the recruitment of CREB
to the socs3 gene.

Conclusions:
These studies suggest that cinnamic acid upregulates the expression of SOCS3 in glial cells via CREB
pathway, which may be of importance in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders.