bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CYP4BN6 and CYP6BQ11 mediate insecticide susceptibility and their expression is regulated by Latrophilin in Tribolium castaneum
Authors: Xiong Wenfeng , Gao Shanshan , Mao Jinjuan , Wei Luting , Xie Jia , Liu Juanjuan , Bi Jingxiu , Song Xiaowen , Li Bin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDMany insect cytochrome P450 proteins (CYPs) are involved in the metabolic detoxification of exogenous compounds such as plant toxins and insecticides. Tribolium castaneum, the red flour beetle, is a major agricultural pest that damages stored grains and cereal products. With the completion of the sequencing of its genome, two T. castaneum species‐specific CYP genes, CYP4BN6, and CYP6BQ11, were identified. However, it is unknown whether the functions of most CYPs are shared by TcCYP4BN6 and TcCYP6BQ11, and the upstream regulatory mechanism of these two CYPs remains elusive.RESULTSQRT‐PCR analysis indicated that TcCYP4BN6 and TcCYP6BQ11 were both most highly expressed at the late pupal stage and were mainly observed in the head and gut, respectively, of adults. Moreover, the transcripts of these two CYPs were significantly induced by dichlorvos and carbofuran, and RNA interference (RNAi) targeting of each of them enhanced the susceptibility of beetles to these two insecticides. Intriguingly, knockdown of the latrophilin (lph) gene, which has been reported to be related to the insecticide susceptibility, reduced the expression of TcCYP4BN6 and TcCYP6BQ11 after insecticide treatment, suggesting that these two CYP genes are regulated by lph to participate in insecticide susceptibility in T. castaneum.CONCLUSIONThese results shed new light on the function and mechanism of CYP genes associated with insecticide susceptibility and could facilitate research on appropriate and sustainable pest control management. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Nontrivial Attractors of the Perturbed Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation: Applications to Associative Memory and Pattern Recognition
Authors: Cherny Valentin V. , Byrnes Tim , Pyrkov Alexey N. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractComputers are dynamical systems that carry out information processing through their change of state with time. For instance, neural networks such as Hopfield's associative memory are dissipative dynamical systems in a finite dimensional configuration space with attractors that represent stored patterns. In particular, dissipative dynamical systems with an infinite dimensional configuration space are of broad interest and have the possibility to store and restore complex and strongly distorted data structures. In this work, the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) with a dissipative perturbation which creates a frictional force acting on soliton is considered. It is shown that the control of the perturbative term allows one to decrease the velocity of soliton to zero and conserve a positive value of its amplitude. The existence of such a frictional force would suggest that the perturbation makes the zero‐velocity solitonic solution of non‐zero amplitude into an attractor for all evolution trajectories whose initial conditions are moving solitons. This allows a way to store information in the infinite dimensional dynamical system governed by NLSE using principles which are completely analogous to that of Hopfield's associative memory. This approach can be realized with solitons in Bose–Einstein condensates and nonlinear optical systems.
Electromagnetic design and optimization of dual‐stator brushless doubly‐fed wind power generator with cage‐barrier rotor
Authors: Liu Hao , Zhang Yue , Jin Shi , Zhang Fengge , Nian Heng , Zhang He 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper explores the feasibility of an intuitive solution torque density for the existing brushless doubly‐fed generator by dual‐stator and cage‐barrier rotor structure, so as to better adapt to the offshore wind power generation. The torque density of electrical machine is related to the key design parameters, such as the machine main dimensions, slot‐pole combinations, coupling between stator and rotor, and nonmagnetic ring thickness. According to working principles and design requirements of electrical machine, the dual‐stator brushless doubly‐fed wind power generator (DSBDFWPG) with cage‐barrier rotor is designed, and the key parameters relating to torque density are analyzed and discussed. Meanwhile, the main parameters of electrical machine are optimized by Taguchi method, such as air‐gap length and nonmagnetic ring thickness. On this basis, the performance parameters of DSBDFWPG are analyzed by finite element method, which is verified by experimental tests. Through analysis of the results, not only the design requirements are satisfied by the DSBDFWPG, but also the correctness and rationality of machine design method can also be verified. Finally, the torque density and other aspects of designed DSBDFWPG are compared with dual‐stator brushless doubly‐fed induction generator, doubly‐fed induction generator, asynchronous machine, and brushless doubly‐fed generator; it demonstrates the torque density improvement of the studied machine with its significance and value.
Multi-GGS Groups have the Congruence Subgroup Property
Authors: Garrido Alejandra , Uria–Albizuri Jone 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe generalize the result about the congruence subgroup property for GGS groups in [3] to the family of multi-GGS groups; that is, all multi-GGS groups except the one defined by the constant vector have the congruence subgroup property. New arguments are provided to produce this more general proof.
CENTRALIZERS OF p-SUBGROUPS IN SIMPLE LOCALLY FINITE GROUPS
Authors: ERSOY KIVANÇ 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn Ersoy et al. [J. Algebra481 (2017), 1–11], we have proved that if G is a locally finite group with an elementary abelian p-subgroup A of order strictly greater than p2 such that CG(A) is Chernikov and for every non-identity α ∈ A the centralizer CG(α) does not involve an infinite simple group, then G is almost locally soluble. This result is a consequence of another result proved in Ersoy et al. [J. Algebra481 (2017), 1–11], namely: if G is a simple locally finite group with an elementary abelian group A of automorphisms acting on it such that the order of A is greater than p2, the centralizer CG(A) is Chernikov and for every non-identity α ∈ A the set of fixed points CG(α) does not involve an infinite simple groups then G is finite. In this paper, we improve this result about simple locally finite groups: Indeed, suppose that G is a simple locally finite group, consider a finite non-abelian subgroup P of automorphisms of exponent p such that the centralizer CG(P) is Chernikov and for every non-identity α ∈ P the set of fixed points CG(α) does not involve an infinite simple group. We prove that if Aut(G) has such a subgroup, then G ≅PSLp(k) where char k ≠ p and P has a subgroup Q of order p2 such that CG(P) = Q.
Rhinological interventions for obstructive sleep apnoea – a systematic review and descriptive meta-analysis
Authors: Sharma S , Wormald J C R , Fishman J M , Andrews P , Kotecha B T 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivesObstructive sleep apnoea is a common chronic sleep disorder characterised by collapse of the upper airway during sleep. The nasal airway forms a significant part of the upper airway and any obstruction is thought to have an impact on obstructive sleep apnoea. A systematic review was performed to determine the role of rhinological surgical interventions in the management of obstructive sleep apnoea.MethodsA systematic review of current literature was undertaken; studies were included if they involved comparison of a non-surgical and/or non-rhinological surgical intervention with a rhinological surgical intervention for treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea.ResultsSixteen studies met the selection criteria. The pooled data suggest that there are reductions in the apnoea/hypopnea index and respiratory disturbance index following nasal surgery. However, the current body of studies is too heterogeneous for statistically significant meta-analysis to be conducted.ConclusionNasal surgery may have limited benefit for a subset of patients based on current evidence.
A novel computed tomography guided, transcutaneous approach to treat refractory autophony in patients with a patulous Eustachian tube – a case series
Authors: Alli A , Shukla R , Cook J-L , Waddell A 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundPatulous Eustachian tube is a benign but notoriously difficult condition to treat successfully. Symptoms include autophony of voice and breathing, and aural fullness.MethodsThis paper presents a series of 8 patients (12 ears) for whom a novel computed tomography guided injection of silicone elastomer suspension implant (Vox) was used to treat patulous Eustachian tube. This is the largest and only series in the current literature using this technique.ResultsThe combined complete and partial symptom resolution rate was 91 per cent. Complications related to the procedure are described. The pros and cons of this novel approach are also discussed in relation to traditional endoscopic transnasal techniques.ConclusionComputed tomography guided injection of Vox for the treatment of patulous Eustachian tube is suggested to be a feasible alternative to endoscopic transnasal approaches, particularly for refractory cases.
Bare die connections via aerosol jet technology for millimeter wave applications
Authors: Röhrl Franz Xaver , Jakob Johannes , Bogner Werner , Weigel Robert , Zorn Stefan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a comparison of chip connections using aerosol jet (AJ) and bond technology on low-cost printed circuit board (PCB) substrates. First, the behavior of the used gap filler material and the used silver ink for AJ technology on PCBs are characterized. In addition to comparing the radio frequency (RF) performance (DC to 67 GHz) of the two technologies, the mechanical stability is also compared. While the AJ technology transitions score above all for their RF performance and the lower requirements (surface finish, pad size, and adhesion) on the PCB, the bonding technology has clear advantages, especially with a different coefficient of thermal expansion values of the substrates to be connected. Finally, the measurement results of a complete package are shown, whereby the chip connection is realized once by means of AJ and once by bonding wires.
History‐Dependent Threshold for Motion Revealed by Continuous Bedload Transport Measurements in a Steep Mountain Stream
Authors: Masteller Claire C. , Finnegan Noah J. , Turowski Jens M. , Yager Elowyn M. , Rickenmann Dieter 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTo explore the causes of history‐dependent sediment transport in rivers, we use a 19‐year record of coarse sediment transport from a steep channel in Switzerland. We observe a strong dependence of the threshold for sediment motion (τc) on the magnitude of previous flows for prior shear stresses ranging from 104 to 340 Pa, resulting in seasonally increasing τc for 10 of 19 years. This stabilization occurs with and without measureable bedload transport, suggesting that small‐scale riverbed rearrangement increases τc. Following large transport events (>340 Pa), this history dependence is disrupted. Bedload tracers suggest that significant reorganization of the bed erases memory of previous flows. We suggest that the magnitude of past flows controls the organization of the bed, which then modifies τc, paralleling the evolution of granular media under shear. Our results support the use of a state function to better predict variability in bedload sediment transport rates.
Mechanisms of Northward Propagation of Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation Revealed by Climate Model Experiments
Authors: Yang Young‐Min , Wang Bin , Lee June‐Yi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNorthward propagation of the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) has profound impacts on Northern Hemisphere extreme weather events. This study aims to test the hypotheses proposed in the previous studies to explain northward propagation of the ISO by drastically changing the climatological mean states through lowering the Tibetan Plateau (TP) with a fully coupled Earth system model, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Earth System Model version 3.0. The model reproduces realistic ISO over South Asia and the northern Indian Ocean. The results show that ISO northward propagations significantly weaken with decreased elevation of the TP. Lowering the TP reduces the vertical shear of the mean monsoon circulation over the northern Indian Ocean. The reduced vertical shear deteriorates the generation of positive vorticity anomalies and boundary layer moisture convergence to the north of ISO precipitation center, thereby weakening northward propagation of the ISO. On the other hand, the boundary layer moisture advection and air‐sea interaction do not change appreciably when the TP elevation is reduced. These results suggest that the mean state vertical shear is most critical for the ISO northward propagation.
Diurnally Migrating Lunar Water: Evidence From Ultraviolet Data
Authors: Hendrix Amanda R. , Hurley Dana M. , Farrell William M. , Greenhagen Benjamin T. , Hayne Paul O. , Retherford Kurt D. , Vilas Faith , Cahill Joshua T. S. , Poston Michael J. , Liu Yang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractData from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Lyman Alpha Mapping Project and Diviner are consistent with surface water on the Moon varying in abundance with both terrain type and local time/temperature. A thermal desorption model including latitudinally varying desorption activation energy reproduces the observations. We interpret the observed variability in spectral slopes as water molecules in the uppermost lunar regolith (<1% of a monolayer) thermally adsorbing and desorbing from grains depending upon the local temperature and availability of chemisorption sites. The Lyman Alpha Mapping Project data also demonstrate that in the Earth's magnetotail, where the solar wind source of protons is absent, a decrease in H2O on the surface is not observed. This rules out a steady state process involving a prompt solar wind source and favors a migration mechanism for the distribution of adsorbed water on the Moon.
Shear Wave Splitting Discloses Two Episodes of Collision‐Related Convergence in Western North America
Authors: Wu Lei , Gu Yu J. , Chen Yunfeng , Liang Huaying 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSeismic anisotropy imposes first‐order constraints on the strain history of crust and upper mantle rocks. In this study, we analyze the mantle seismic anisotropy of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin using a new shear wave spitting data set consisting of 1,333 teleseismic arrivals from 82 seismic stations. The resulting 332 high‐quality measurements yield a regional mean apparent splitting time (i.e., the magnitude of anisotropy) of 1.1 ± 0.3 s and an average fast orientation (i.e., the direction of anisotropy) of 54.6° ± 17.2°, which favor a two‐layer anisotropic model based on the 90° back azimuthal periodicity in both parameters. The northeast trending fast orientations dominate the lower layer at lithospheric depths and are approximately parallel to the present‐day absolute plate motions (APMs; i.e., <35°) due to the active asthenospheric flow. On the other hand, deviations from the APMs along the Canadian Rocky Mountain foothills could reflect disrupted mantle flow surrounding a southwestward migrating cratonic lithosphere. Also revealed are two elongated upper‐layer anisotropic anomalies in the lithosphere that are spatially correlated with Moho depths. Their characteristics suggest frozen‐in anisotropy imprinted along two convergent boundaries: (1) the Paleoproterozoic Snowbird Tectonic Zone that separates northeast (north) from northwest (south) fast directions and (2) the foothills of the Rocky Mountains that exhibit northeast trending orientations consistent with those of the APMs, maximum crustal stress, and electromagnetic anisotropy. Compressions associated with the Cordilleran orogenesis could be responsible for the spatial changes in the shear wave anisotropy from the foothills to the cratonic interior.
Electron Intensity Measurements by the Cluster/RAPID/IES Instrument in Earth's Radiation Belts and Ring Current
Authors: Smirnov A. G. , Kronberg E. A. , Latallerie F. , Daly P. W. , Aseev N. , Shprits Y. Y. , Kellerman A. , Kasahara S. , Turner D. , Taylor M. G. G. T. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe Cluster mission, launched in 2000, has produced a large database of electron flux intensity measurements in the Earth's magnetosphere by the Research with Adaptive Particle Imaging Detector (RAPID)/Imaging Electron Spectrometer (IES) instrument. However, due to background contamination of the data with high‐energy electrons (>400 keV) and inner zone protons (230–630 keV) in the radiation belts and ring current, the data have been rarely used for inner‐magnetospheric science. The current paper presents two algorithms for background correction. The first algorithm is based on the empirical contamination percentages by both protons and electrons. The second algorithm uses simultaneous proton observations. The efficiencies of these algorithms are demonstrated by comparison of the corrected Cluster/RAPID/IES data with Van Allen Probes/Magnetic Electron Ion Spectrometer measurements for 2012–2015. Both techniques improved the IES electron data in the radiation belts and ring current, as the yearly averaged flux intensities of the two missions show the ratio of measurements close to 1. We demonstrate a scientific application of the corrected IES electron data analyzing its evolution during solar cycle. Spin‐averaged yearly mean IES electron intensities in the outer belt for energies 40–400 keV at L‐shells between 4 and 6 showed high positive correlation with auroral electrojet index and solar wind dynamic pressure during 2001–2016. The relationship between solar wind dynamic pressure and IES electron measurements in the outer radiation belt was derived as a uniform linear‐logarithmic equation.
On the Generation of Probabilistic Forecasts From Deterministic Models
Authors: Camporeale E. , Chu X. , Agapitov O. V. , Bortnik J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMost of the methods that produce space weather forecasts are based on deterministic models. In order to generate a probabilistic forecast, a model needs to be run several times sampling the input parameter space, in order to generate an ensemble from which the distribution of outputs can be inferred. However, ensemble simulations are costly and often preclude the possibility of real‐time forecasting. We introduce a simple and robust method to generate uncertainties from deterministic models, that does not require ensemble simulations. The method is based on the simple consideration that a probabilistic forecast needs to be both accurate and well calibrated (reliable). We argue that these two requirements are equally important, and we introduce the Accuracy‐Reliability cost function that quantitatively measures the trade‐off between accuracy and reliability. We then define the optimal uncertainties as the standard deviation of the Gaussian distribution that minimizes the cost function. We demonstrate that this simple strategy, implemented here by means of a deep neural network, produces accurate and well‐calibrated forecasts, showing examples both on synthetic and real‐world space weather data.
Major Late Cretaceous Mass Flows in Central Turkey Recording the Disruption of the Mesozoic Continental Margin
Authors: Okay Aral I. , Altıner Demir , Kylander‐Clark Andrew R. C. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe newly recognized Upper Cretaceous (~87 Ma) olistostrome belt in central Turkey west of Ankara extends for more than 112 km subparallel to the Izmir‐Ankara suture with a width of 10 km. The Alacaatlı Olistostromes are stratigraphically underlain by a Triassic basement, and are up to 2 km thick. Over 80% of the blocks in the olistostromes consist of pelagic limestones, which reach up to 300 m in size; other blocks include basalt, chert, serpentinite, tuff, and sandstone. The limestone blocks are Jurassic and Cretaceous in age with micropaleontology documenting the presence of Callovian‐Oxfordian, Tithonian, Berriasian, Aptian, Albian, Cenomanian, and Turonian stages. The flows are separated by intrabasinal sediments of shale, siltstone, and volcaniclastic sandstone with Albian (108–101 Ma) detrital zircons. The olistostromes show minor tectonic deformation, and are unconformably overlain by Santonian pelagic limestones. The deposition of the Alacaatlı Olistostromes was followed by arc magmatism, which started in the Campanian (~78 Ma) after a period of shortening and uplift, and the region became a fore‐arc basin with deposition of shale and volcaniclastic sandstone with Campanian (78–72 Ma) detrital zircons. A number of peculiar features of these olistostromes including rapid uplift and erosion before the creation of a deep, short‐lived (89–86 Ma) ephemeral basin, dominance of deep marine limestone blocks, and inception of arc magmatism approximately 9 Myr after their deposition indicate a major tectonic event involving the disruption of the continental margin prior to the onset of arc magmatism. This event is interpreted as a change from transform margin to subduction.
Neogene Expansion of the Qilian Shan, North Tibet: Implications for the Dynamic Evolution of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Pang Jianzhang , Yu Jingxing , Zheng Dewen , Wang Weitao , Ma Yan , Wang Yizhou , Li Chaopeng , Li Youjuan , Wang Ying 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe Qilian Shan, at the northeastern frontier of the Tibetan Plateau, is a key area for studying the expansion mechanism of the Tibetan Plateau. Although previous thermochronology and paleomagnetic studies indicate Neogene northward expansion of the northern Qilian Shan, there is a distinct temporal gap in knowledge relative to the tectonic history of the southern Qilian Shan. This has hindered a complete understanding of the Cenozoic deformation pattern of the entire Qilian Shan. To study the growth history of the southern Qilian Shan, apatite fission track (AFT) data have been acquired from Zongwulong Shan and the Huaitoutala section. AFT thermal history modeling from the former shows a rapid cooling episode occurred at ~18–11 Ma, which is interpreted as marking the onset of intensive exhumation in the southern Qilian Shan. Within the Huaitoutala section, detrital grain up‐section shows progressively decreasing peak AFT ages followed by an age increase from midsection, implying that a sediment‐recycling event occurred at approximately 7 ± 2 Ma. Together with a shift in paleocurrent directions, this change marks the onset of Late Miocene deformation of the northern Qaidam Basin. Combined with previous studies on the deformation time of the Qilian Shan, our findings suggest that both the northern and southern Qilian Shan region grew outward synchronously in opposite directions during the Neogene. This resulted in the formation of a flower structure, which had an important impact on the deformation pattern of north Tibet. The synchronous outward expansion may have been triggered by the removal of mantle beneath north Tibet.