bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lever sign test: is it sensitive for the diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament disruption?
Authors: Fahmy Fahmy Samir , Fathi Hossam 
Published: May 2019

Background:
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear is a common knee injury with various manual tests used for clinical diagnosis. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the lever sign test sensitivity as a new clinical test for diagnosis of ACL disruptions compared to other manual diagnostic tests.

Methods:
One hundred patients with chronic ACL tears were included in this study between January 2017 and March 2018. The mean age was 29.1±8.2 yr. Four clinical tests (anterior drawer, Lachman test, pivot shift, and lever sign) were obtained in all patients by two different clinicians. The contralateral uninjured knees were used as controls for comparison. The sensitivity of these tests was estimated with recording of the interobserver reliability for lever sign test. Statistically significant differences between the lever test and other clinical tests were assessed using chi-square analysis.

Results:
The recorded sensitivities of anterior drawer, pivot-shift, and Lachman tests were 82%, 88%, and 91%, respectively. The sensitivity of the lever sign test was much lower (34%) with 100% interrater reliability. There was a statistically significant difference between the lever sign test and other physical tests (P-value<0.05).

Conclusions:
The lever sign test has much lower sensitivity than other clinical diagnostic tests in patients with chronic ACL lesions. More biomechanical studies should be carried out to prove the validity of this test for the diagnosis of ACL injuries.

Level of evidence:
Level III.
Are Nonpharmacologic Interventions for Chronic Low Back Pain More Cost Effective Than Usual Care? Proof of Concept Results From a Markov Model
Authors: Herman Patricia M. , Lavelle Tara A. , Sorbero Melony E. , Hurwitz Eric L. , Coulter Ian D. 
Published: May 2019

Study Design.
Markov model.

Objective.
Examine the 1-year effectiveness and cost-effectiveness (societal and payer perspectives) of adding nonpharmacologic interventions for chronic low back pain (CLBP) to usual care using a decision analytic model-based approach.

Summary of Background Data.
Treatment guidelines now recommend many safe and effective nonpharmacologic interventions for CLBP. However, little is known regarding their effectiveness in subpopulations (e.g., high-impact chronic pain patients), nor about their cost-effectiveness.

Methods.
The model included four health states: high-impact chronic pain (substantial activity limitations); no pain; and two others without activity limitations, but with higher (moderate-impact) or lower (low-impact) pain. We estimated intervention-specific transition probabilities for these health states using individual patient-level data from 10 large randomized trials covering 17 nonpharmacologic therapies. The model was run for nine 6-week cycles to approximate a 1-year time horizon. Quality-adjusted life-year weights were based on six-dimensional health state short form scores; healthcare costs were based on 2003 to 2015 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data; and lost productivity costs used in the societal perspective were based on reported absenteeism. Results were generated for two target populations: (1) a typical baseline mix of patients with CLBP (25% low-impact, 35% moderate-impact, and 40% high-impact chronic pain) and (2) high-impact chronic pain patients.

Results.
From the societal perspective, all but two of the therapies were cost effective (<$50,000/quality-adjusted life-year) for a typical patient mix and most were cost saving. From the payer perspective fewer were cost saving, but the same number was cost-effective. Assuming all patients in the model have high-impact chronic pain increases the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of most, but not all, therapies indicating that substantial benefits are possible in this subpopulation.

Conclusion.
Modeling leverages the evidence produced from clinical trials to provide more information than is available in the published studies. We recommend modeling for all existing studies of nonpharmacologic interventions for CLBP.

Level of Evidence: 4
Abdominal Vascular Injury During Posterior Lumbar Discectomy, Experience from Three Cases and Review of Literature
Authors: Goel Anshul , Kumar Pranaw , Bahadur Raj 
Published: May 2019

Study Design.
Case series and review of literature.

Objective.
To report three cases of vascular injury during posterior lumbar disc surgery, two of these occurred during open discectomy, and one during an endoscopic surgery. Aim is to highlight importance of early diagnosis and prompt steps taken to prevent morbidity and mortality.

Summary of Background Data.
Vascular injury during lumbar discectomy is rare injury. Also no case has been reported so far occurring during an endoscopic discectomy.

Methods.
Three patients were treated for lumbar intervertebral disc prolapse, two had undergone open posterior discectomy while the third patient underwent endoscopic discectomy and all of them were diagnosed to have suffered an abdominal vascular injury.

Results.
In two cases pseudo-aneurysm was found while third case was diagnosed as an arterio-venous fistula. All the three cases were managed with endovascular stenting and followed for a minimum period of 2 years. No further complications were detected.

Conclusion.
Vascular injury during a disc surgery is difficult to diagnose due to the rarity of occurrence and subtle signs which need to be recognized to start early management.

Level of Evidence: 5
At-Risk Drinking Is Independently Associated With Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Gacouin Arnaud , Lesouhaitier Mathieu , Frerou Aurelien , Painvin Benoit , Reizine Florian , Rafi Sonia , Maamar Adel , Le Tulzo Yves , Tadié Jean Marc 
Published: May 2019

Objectives:
Unhealthy use of alcohol and acute kidney injury are major public health problems, but little is known about the impact of excessive alcohol consumption on kidney function in critically ill patients. We aimed to determine whether at-risk drinking is independently associated with acute kidney injury in the ICU and at ICU discharge.

Design:
Prospective observational cohort study.

Setting:
A 21-bed polyvalent ICU in a university hospital.

Patients:
A total of 1,107 adult patients admitted over a 30-month period who had an ICU stay of greater than or equal to 3 days and in whom alcohol consumption could be assessed.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
We assessed Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes stages 2–3 acute kidney injury in 320 at-risk drinkers (29%) and 787 non–at-risk drinkers (71%) at admission to the ICU, within 4 days after admission and at ICU discharge. The proportion of patients with stages 2–3 acute kidney injury at admission to the ICU (42.5% vs 18%; p < 0.0001) was significantly higher in at-risk drinkers than in non–at-risk drinkers. Within 4 days and after adjustment on susceptible and predisposing factors for acute kidney injury was performed, at-risk drinking was significantly associated with acute kidney injury for the entire population (odds ratio, 2.15; 1.60–2.89; p < 0.0001) in the subgroup of 832 patients without stages 2–3 acute kidney injury at admission to the ICU (odds ratio, 1.44; 1.02–2.02; p = 0.04) and in the subgroup of 971 patients without known chronic kidney disease (odds ratio, 1.92; 1.41–2.61; p < 0.0001). Among survivors, 22% of at-risk drinkers and 9% of non–at-risk drinkers were discharged with stages 2–3 acute kidney injury (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Our results suggest that chronic and current alcohol misuse in critically ill patients is associated with kidney dysfunction. The systematic and accurate identification of patients with alcohol misuse may allow for the prevention of acute kidney injury.
Is an Acetabular Cage and Cement Fixation Sufficiently Durable for the Treatment of Destructive Acetabular Metastases?
Authors: Rowell Philip , Lowe Martin , Sommerville Scott , Dickinson Ian 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Destructive bony acetabular metastases cause pain, pathological fractures, and loss of mobility. Although multiple fixation options are available, we have favored a rigid stainless steel partial pelvic cage for acetabular fixation in these patients; however, little is known about the durability of this approach.

Question/purposes
(1) How common was loss of fixation in a small series of metastatic acetabular defects treated with an acetabular cage and cemented total hip replacement? (2) What is the implant survival free from reoperation or revision at 2 and 4 years using a competing-risks survivorship estimator in patients thus treated? (3) What complications were associated with the treatment? (4) What level of postoperative mobility was achieved?

Methods
Between 2006 and 2017, we treated all acetabular metastases that needed surgical intervention, not amenable to conventional cemented THA alone with our single technique of acetabular partial pelvic cage and cemented total hip replacement. We treated 47 hips in 46 patients whose acetabular metastasis led to acetabular collapse or who were unresponsive to nonoperative measures of radiation therapy and analgesia. Routine followup occurred at 3 and 12 months; 17 of 46 patients (37%) died before 1 year, and all other patients were followed beyond 1 year. Only one patient who remains alive has not been seen in the past 5 years. Loss of fixation was determined by radiological or clinical signs of cage loosening. Survivorship free from reoperation or revision at 2 and 4 years was determined using competing-risks analysis. We did not assess patient-reported outcomes, but we did have data on the proportion of patients who were able to ambulate in the community and if so, what assistive devices they used, which we obtained by chart review.

Results
One patient experienced cage loosening identified 8 years postoperatively as a result of local disease progression and has been managed with observation. No patients underwent revision for loss of acetabular fixation. The cumulative incidence of reoperation or revision was 8% at 2 years (95% CI, 3.6–12.6) and 16% at 4 years (95% CI, 9.2–23.2). Four patients had postoperative dislocations, of which three underwent reoperation. One patient developed a postoperative deep infection and underwent reoperation. One patient died within 30 days of surgery. Only one patient did not ambulate in the community postoperatively; 23 ambulated independently, 10 with the use of a walking stick and 12 using a walker.

Conclusions
In this small series, we found this approach sufficiently durable to continue its use for patients with acetabular metastases with collapse or those not responding to nonoperative measures. However, comparison studies are needed to determine whether it is superior or inferior to other available alternatives.

Level of Evidence
Level IV, therapeutic study.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Oral Anticancer Drugs: The Dutch Pharmacology Oncology Group–Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Protocol for a Prospective Study
Authors: Groenland Stefanie L. , van Eerden Ruben A. G. , Verheijen Remy B. , Koolen Stijn L. W. , Moes Dirk Jan A. R. , Desar Ingrid M. E. , Reyners Anna K. L. , Gelderblom Hans J. , van Erp Nielka P. , Mathijssen Ron H. J. , Huitema Alwin D. R. , Steeghs Neeltje ,   on behalf of the Dutch Pharmacology Oncology Group (DPOG)
Published: May 2019

Background:
Oral anticancer drugs show a high interpatient variability in pharmacokinetics (PK), leading to large differences in drug exposure. For many of these drugs, exposure has been linked to efficacy and toxicity. Despite this knowledge, these drugs are still administered in a one-size-fits-all approach. Consequently, individual patients have a high probability to be either underdosed, which can lead to decreased antitumor efficacy, or overdosed, which could potentially result in increased toxicity. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), personalized dosing based on measured drug levels, could be used to circumvent underdosing and overdosing and thereby optimize treatment outcomes.

Methods:
In this prospective clinical study (www.trialregister.nl; NL6695), the feasibility, tolerability, and efficacy of TDM of oral anticancer drugs will be evaluated. In total, at least 600 patients will be included for (at least) 23 different compounds. Patients starting regular treatment with one of these compounds at the approved standard dose can be included. PK sampling will be performed at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after the start of treatment and every 12 weeks thereafter. Drug concentrations will be measured, and trough concentrations (Cmin) will be calculated. In cases where Cmin falls below the predefined target and acceptable toxicity, a PK-guided intervention will be recommended. This could include emphasizing compliance, adapting concomitant medication (due to drug–drug interactions), instructing to take the drug concomitant with food, splitting intake moments, or recommending a dose increase.

Discussion:
Despite a strong rationale for the use of TDM for oral anticancer drugs, this is currently not yet widely adopted in routine patient care. This prospective study will be a valuable contribution to demonstrate the additional value of dose optimization on treatment outcome for these drugs.
Phacotrabeculectomy in Eyes With Uveitic Glaucoma: A Retrospective Case-Control Study
Authors: Wadke Vidya , Lingam Vijaya , George Ronnie , George Amala E. , Ganesh Sudha K. , Biswas Jyotirmay , Balekudaru Shantha 
Published: May 2019

Precis:
Phacotrabeculectomy with adjunctive mitomycin C is a good option for the management of coexisting cataract and glaucoma. Strict preoperative control of inflammation and close follow-up are essential in the management of eyes with uveitic glaucoma (UG).

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of phacotrabeculectomy with adjunctive antimetabolites in the management of patients with UG and patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective case-control study of 112 patients with UG and 120 patients with POAG who underwent phacotrabeculectomy with mitomycin C and had a follow-up of ≥12 months between January 2000 and June 2015 was performed. Patients who had undergone intraocular surgery or cyclodestructive procedures earlier were excluded. The primary outcome was intraocular pressure (IOP) control; secondary outcomes included visual acuity and complication rates.

Results:
IOP control was similar at the final visit in the UG group (14.52±6.74 mm Hg) and the POAG group (14.39±4.18 mm Hg) (P=0.867). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a cumulative probability of survival (IOP: 6 to 18 with or without medications) in 71% and 77% at the end of 5 years (P=0.094) in the UG and POAG groups, respectively. Visual outcomes were worse in the UG group (0.5±0.68 logMAR units), as compared with the POAG group (0.27±0.47 logMAR units) (P=0.002). Complications such as cystoid macular edema (P=0.025) and posterior capsular opacification (P=0.004) were more common in the UG group. Recurrence of inflammation occurred in 34 eyes (30.04%) in the UG group.

Conclusion:
Meticulous control of perioperative and postoperative inflammation could have contributed to the favorable long-term outcomes of phacotrabeculectomy in UG, as compared with POAG.
Cathepsin E in neutrophils contributes to the generation of neuropathic pain in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Harada Yuka , Zhang Jing , Imari Kazuhisa , Yamasaki Ryo , Ni Junjun , Wu Zhou , Yamamoto Kenji , Kira Jun-ichi , Nakanishi Hiroshi , Hayashi Yoshinori 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Pain is a frequent and disabling symptom in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS); however, the underlying mechanisms of MS-related pain are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrated that cathepsin E (CatE) in neutrophils contributes to the generation of mechanical allodynia in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of MS. We showed that CatE-deficient (CatE

−/−
) mice were highly resistant to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG35-55)-induced mechanical allodynia. After MOG35-55 immunization, neutrophils immediately accumulated in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG). Adoptive transfer of MOG35-55-stimulated wild-type neutrophils into the dorsal root ganglion induced mechanical allodynia in the recipient C57BL/6 mice. However, the pain threshold did not change when MOG35-55-stimulated CatE

−/−
neutrophils were transferred into the recipient C57BL/6 mice. MOG35-55 stimulation caused CatE-dependent secretion of elastase in neutrophils. Behavioral analyses revealed that sivelestat, a selective neutrophil elastase inhibitor, suppressed mechanical allodynia induced by adoptively transferred MOG35-55-stimulated neutrophils. MOG35-55 directly bound to toll-like receptor 4, which led to increased production of CatE in neutrophils. Our findings suggest that inhibition of CatE-dependent elastase production in neutrophil might be a potential therapeutic target for pain in patients with MS.
Events Centrality Moderates the Relationship Between Posttraumatic Growth and Health-Related Quality of Life Among People Living With HIV
Authors: Onu Desmond Uchechukwu , Ugwu Dorothy , Orjiakor Charles Tochukwu 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
HIV diagnosis and treatment are traumatic events, which may translate to positive growth and affect health outcomes of people living with HIV (PLWH). We hypothesized that the pathway between positive growth and health-related quality of life was impacted by event centrality (EC; how much HIV is integrated into self-definition). Two hundred and one PLWH in Nigeria who had been diagnosed/treated for at least 1 year completed measures of posttraumatic growth, EC, and health-related quality of life. Multiple regression analysis was used to investigate relationships between variables of interest. Growth from the trauma of HIV was significantly associated with improved mental health and relationship. Patients who highly centralized identity on HIV had poorer scores for mental health, relationship, and treatment impact and had less traumatic growth. EC moderated the relationship between posttraumatic growth and mental health, social relationship, and treatment impact. Clinicians should ask how PLWH think about events related to diagnosis and treatment when assessing quality of life.
Efficacy and safety of perioperative appliance of sunitinib in patients with metastatic or advanced renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Jin Hongyu , Zhang Jing , Shen Kai , Hao Jianqi , Feng Yuying , Yuan Chi , Zhu Yuqi , Ma Xuelei 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background:
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy and safety of the perioperative use of sunitinib in patients with metastatic and advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Materials and methods:
We searched authenticated databases for related clinical studies. The baseline characteristics, parameters concerning the efficacy and safety of the perioperative use of sunitinib were extracted for subsequent comprehensive analysis. The parameters which reflected the efficacy and safety as overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), occurrence rate of all-grade and grade ≥3 adverse effects (AEs) were carefully pooled using comprehensive meta-analysis.

Results:
We finally recruited 411 patients from 14 eligible studies. We found proteinuria (75.0%, 95% CI 62.1%–84.6%), anemia (71.6%, 95% CI 60.9%–80.3%), athesia (60.0%, 95% CI 40.3%–77.0%), pause symptoms (59.2%, 95% CI 49.2%–68.4%), arterial hypertension (53.1%, 95% CI 43.2%–62.7%), and thrombocytopenia (52.5%, 95% CI 44.8%–60.0%) to be the most common all-grade AEs. And arterial hypertension, athesia, cutaneous toxicity, hypophosphatemia, leukopenia, pain, pause syndrome, renal dysfunction, and thrombocytopenia were the most common types of grade ≥3 AEs. In addition, objective response rate (ORR) of sunitinib to both the original and metastatic tumor sites increased with the use of sunitinib, so did the OS and PFS.

Conclusion:
Common all-grade and grade ≥3 AEs were carefully monitored. The perioperative use of sunitinib showed superior ORR, OS, and PFS rates. Nevertheless, more studies are required to further verify these findings.
The challenge of the laboratory diagnosis in a confirmed congenital Zika virus syndrome in utero
Authors: Sulleiro Elena , Frick Marie Antoinette , Rodó Carlota , Espasa Mateu , Thorne Claire , Espiau María , Martín-Nalda Andrea , Suy Anna , Giaquinto Carlo , Melendo Susana , Rando Ariadna , Alarcón Ana , Martinón-Torres Federico , Pumarola Tomás , Soler-Palacín Pere , Soriano-Arandes Antoni 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Introduction:
Zika virus (ZIKV) has caused one of the most challenging global infectious epidemics in recent years because of its causal association with severe microcephaly and other congenital malformations. The diagnosis of viral infections usually relies on the detection of virus proteins or genetic material in clinical samples as well as on the infected host immune responses. Serial serologic testing is required for the diagnosis of congenital infection when diagnostic molecular biology is not possible.

Patient concerns:
A 2-year-old girl, born to a mother with confirmed ZIKV infection during pregnancy, with a confirmed ZIKV infection in utero, showed at birth a severe microcephaly and clinical characteristics of fetal brain disruption sequence compatible with a congenital ZIKV syndrome (CZS).

Diagnosis:
ZIKV-RNA and ZIKV-IgM serological response performed at birth and during the follow-up time tested always negative. Serial serologic ZIKV-IgG tests were performed to assess the laboratory ZIKV diagnosis, ZIKV-IgG seroreversion was observed at 21 months of age. ZIKV diagnosis of this baby had to be relied on her clinical and radiological characteristics that were compatible with a CZS.

Interventions:
The patient was followed-up as per protocol at approximately 1, 4, 9, 12, 18–21, and 24 months of age. Neurological, radiological, audiological, and ophthalmological assessment were performed during this period of time. Prompt rehabilitation was initiated to prevent potential adverse long-term neurological outcomes.

Outcomes:
The growth of this girl showed a great restriction at 24 months of age with a weight of 8.5 kg (−2.5 z-score) and a head circumference of 40.5 cm (−4.8 z-score). She also had a great neurodevelopmental delay at the time of this report.

Conclusion:
We presume that as a consequence of prenatal ZIKV infection, the fetal brain and other organs are damaged before birth through direct injury. Following this, active infection ends during intrauterine life, and as a consequence the immune system of the infant is unable to build up a consistent immune response thereafter. Further understanding of the mechanisms taking part in the pathogenesis of ZIKV congenital infection is needed. This finding might change our paradigm regarding serological response in the ZIKV congenital infection.