bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Point-of-Care Mobile Application to Guide Health Care Professionals in Conducting Substance Use Screening and Intervention: A Mixed-Methods User Experience Study
Authors: O'Grady Megan , Kapoor Sandeep , Gilmer Evan , Neighbors Charles , Conigliaro Joseph , Kwon Nancy , Morgenstern Jon 
Published: March 2019

Background Well-documented barriers have limited the widespread, sustained adoption of screening and intervention for substance use problems in health care settings. mHealth applications may address provider-related barriers; however, there is limited research on development and user experience of such applications.
Objective This user experience study examines a provider-focused point-of-care app for substance use screening and intervention in health care settings.
Method This mixed-methods study included think-aloud tasks, task success ratings, semistructured interviews, and usability questionnaires (e.g., System Usability Scale [SUS]) to examine user experience among 12 health coaches who provide substance use services in emergency department and primary care settings.
Results The average rate of successful task completion was 94% and the mean SUS score was 76 out of 100. Qualitative data suggested the app enhanced participants' capability to complete tasks efficiently and effectively. Participants reported being satisfied with the app's features, content, screen layout, and navigation and felt it was easy to learn and could benefit patient interactions. Despite overwhelmingly positive user experience reports, there were some concerns that the app could negatively affect patient interactions due to reductions in eye contact and ability to build rapport.
Conclusion Using the “Fit between Individuals, Task, and Technology” framework to guide interpretation, overall results indicate acceptable user experience and usability for this provider-focused point-of-care mobile app for substance use screening and intervention as well as favorable potential for adoption by health care practitioners. Such mobile health technologies may help to address well-known challenges related to implementing substance use services in health care settings.
Evaluation of RFID Technology to Capture Surgeon Arrival Time to Meet American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma Verification Guidelines
Authors: Lyu Heather , Faoro Nicholas , McDonald Meghan , Jarman Molly , Kreitzman Kevin , Salim Ali , Landman Adam 
Published: March 2019

Background The presence of an attending surgeon at all highest-level trauma activations is a requirement for American College of Surgeons-Committee on Trauma (ACS-COT) verification for level I to III trauma centers. Programs must demonstrate compliance with this criterion at least 80% of the time. Documentation of compliance can increase administrative burden presenting an opportunity for automation.
Objectives The aim of this quality improvement project was to compare surgeon arrival documentation rates obtained utilizing radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology with manual documentation.
Methods This project was conducted at a single level-I trauma center. RFID badges were distributed to all trauma surgeons. Arrival times for surgeons using manual nursing documentation and RFID activation were collected from October 2017 through March 2018. Presence of appropriate documentation and attending arrival within 15 minutes of trauma activation were compared by documentation method: nursing manual documentation or RFID system.
Results There were 98 code trauma activations included in the analysis over the 6-month period. Nursing documentation of trauma surgeon attendance occurred 83% of the time (n = 81), with 81% (n = 79) in compliance within 15 minutes of code trauma activation. RFID badges were activated 91% (n = 89) of the time, with 86% (n = 84) in compliance within 15 minutes. There was no statistically significant difference between the rates of nursing documentation and RFID badge activation.
Conclusion RFID technology is a reliable, complementary method of documenting compliance for trauma surgeon attendance. Trauma centers searching for technological solutions to address compliance with ACS-COT guidelines and to reduce administrative burden may consider the use of RFID technology.
Clinical requirements for extracellular vesicle assays
Authors: Ayers Lisa , Pink Ryan , Carter David Raul Francisco , Nieuwland Rienk 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTThe scientific and clinical interest in extracellular vesicles (EV) has grown exponentially during the past 15 years. As most research indicates that EVs can be utilised in diagnostics, prognostics and therapeutics, we may be on the brink of establishing the clinical utility of EV measurement, but how can we make this a reality? If we are to introduce EVs as biomarkers into clinical laboratories, it will be necessary to offer fully validated, International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard 15189 assays. ISO 15189 defines the quality management system requirements particular to medical laboratories and is used internationally to determine accreditation. In order for a clinical laboratory to offer an accredited test for EVs, this assay must have been subjected to a thorough assay validation process. This process requires the generation of data related to defined performance characteristics, to ensure that an assay is performing in accordance with the needs of its clinical users. Each of the defined performance characteristics will be discussed in this review, along with the issues that specifically affect EV analysis. Accreditation is increasingly important for all clinical laboratories and the standards required to achieve this are becoming more and more stringent. Therefore, as companies seek to develop the best assays to detect EVs and their molecular contents for clinical utility, and as we move rapidly towards our goal of offering EV analysis in the diagnosis and monitoring of disease, it is timely to highlight the requirements for the clinical accreditation of such assays. It is essential to consider these parameters to ensure that we develop the highest quality assays possible and ultimately the best outcomes for patients.
An approach to the development of comparative cross-national studies of street-level bureaucracy
Authors: Hill Michael , Møller Marie Østergaard 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPropositions about street-level bureaucracy run the risk of violating the scientific precept that a theoretical generalisation should be tested by replication in a variety of contexts. Many examples can be found of writings that simply indicate that street-level discretion is pervasive. This prompts the questions, ‘but how’, and under what conditions ‘may’ that happen? Comparison is needed to answer these questions, particularly cross-national ones. It will be argued that good cross-national comparative work must rest upon precise specification of the contexts to be compared and avoiding comparing tasks that seem similar, but in fact serve different functions in different contexts. To explore this one particular task – pre-school child care – is selected. The discussion of this specific example is examined as a model for similar comparative work.
Origin and formation process of a submerged vortex in a pump sump
Authors: Yamade Y , Kato C , Nagahara T , Matsui Jun 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The origin and formation process of a submerged vortex have been fully clarified by large-eddy simulation (LES) that used approximately of 250 million hexahedral elements with maximum resolution of 0.450 mm and was applied to the internal flows of a model pump sump. The model pump sump is composed of a 2,500 mm-long water channel of rectangular cross section with a width of 300 mm and a water depth of 100 mm and a vertical suction pipe with a 100 mm diameter installed at its downstream end. At the upstream end of the channel, a uniform velocity of 0.37 m/s is given. LES with different wall boundary conditions have revealed that the origin of a submerged vortex is the mean shear of the approaching boundary layers that develop on the bottom and side walls of the pump sump. Detailed investigations of LES computed for a long time period of 16 seconds have revealed that deviation of the mean flow that approaches the suction pipe triggers conversion of the axis of the vorticity that was originally aligned to the lateral direction in the approaching boundary layers to that aligned to the vertical direction. The local acceleration of the vertical flow stretches the afore-mentioned vertical vortex, which results in the formation of a strong submerged vortex. A computation with a different height of the vermouth inlet has supported the above mentioned formation process of a submerged vortex.
Characterizing Short-Term Jobs in a Population-Based Study
Authors: Parent Marie-Élise , Richard Hugues , Sauvé Jean-François 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Work histories generally cover all jobs held for ≥1 year. However, it may be time and cost prohibitive to conduct a detailed exposure assessment for each such job. While disregarding short-term jobs can reduce the assessment burden, this can be problematic if those jobs contribute important exposure information towards understanding disease aetiology.

Objective
To characterize short-term jobs, defined as lasting more than 1 year, but less than 2 years, in a population-based study conducted in Montreal, Canada.

Methods
In 2005–2012, we collected work histories for some 4000 participants in a case-control study of prostate cancer. Overall, subjects had held 19 462 paid jobs lasting ≥1 year, including 3655 short-term jobs. Using information from interviews and from the Canadian Classification and Dictionary of Occupations, we characterized short-term jobs and compared them to jobs held ≥2 years.

Results
Short-term jobs represented <4% of subjects’ work years on average. Forty-five per cent of subjects had at least one short-term job; of these, 49% had one, 24% had two, and 27% had at least three. Half of all short-term jobs had been held before the age of 24. Short-term jobs entailed more often exposure to fumes, odours, dust, and/or poor ventilation than longer jobs (17 versus 13%), as well as outdoor work (10 versus 5%) and heavy physical activity (16 versus 12%).

Conclusions
Short-term jobs occurred often in early careers and more frequently entailed potentially hazardous exposures than longer-held jobs. However, as they represented a small proportion of work years, excluding them should have a marginal impact on lifetime exposure assessment.
A new biological species in the Mercurialis annua polyploid complex: functional divergence in inflorescence morphology and hybrid sterility
Authors: Ma Wen-Juan , Santos del Blanco Luis , Pannell John R 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background and Aims
Polyploidy has played a major role in the origin of new plant species, probably because of the expansion of polyploid populations in the species’ ecological niche, and because reproductive isolation can be established between a new polyploid population and its diploid progenitor species. It is well established that most polyploid species are polyphyletic, with multiple independent origins, and that polyploid genomes may undergo rapid change after their duplication and hybridization associated with their origin. We considered whether multiple independent origins and rapid genomic change might lead to reproductive isolation between polyploid populations of the same ploidy but with potentially different evolutionary histories.

Methods
We tested our hypothesis by assessing differences in DNA content and morphology, the evolution of reproductive isolation, and the phylogenetic placement of two broadly sympatric hexaploid lineages of the wind-pollinated annual plant Mercurialis annua hitherto regarded as populations of the same species.

Key Results
The two hexaploid lineages of M. annua have slightly divergent DNA content, and distinct inflorescence morphology. They also fall into largely different clades of a chloroplast phylogeny and are reproductively isolated from one another.

Conclusions
The distinct evolutionary histories of the two hexaploid lineages of M. annua have contributed to the remarkable reproductive diversity of the species complex. It seems likely that reproductive interference between them will eventually lead to the displacement of one lineage by the other via pollen swamping. Thus, whereas polyploidization can contribute to speciation, diversification might also be compromised by reproductive interference.
Dynamic Prediction of Death in Patients With Tuberculous Meningitis Using Time-updated Glasgow Coma Scale and Plasma Sodium Measurements
Authors: Thao Le Thi Phuong , Wolbers Marcel , Heemskerk A Dorothee , Thi Hoang Mai Nguyen , Thi Minh Ha Dang , Thi Hong Chau Tran , Hoan Phu Nguyen , Van Vinh Chau Nguyen , Caws Maxine , Huu Lan Nguyen , Dang Anh Thu Do , Thuy Thuong Thuong Nguyen , Day Jeremy , Torok M Estee , Duc Bang Nguyen , Thwaites Guy E , Geskus Ronald B 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Pretreatment predictors of death from tuberculous meningitis (TBM) are well established, but whether outcome can be predicted more accurately after the start of treatment by updated clinical variables is unknown. Hence, we developed and validated models that dynamically predict mortality using time-updated Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and plasma sodium measurements, together with patient baseline characteristics.

Methods
We included 1048 adults from 4 TBM studies conducted in southern Vietnam from 2004 to 2016. We used a landmarking approach to predict death within 120 days after treatment initiation using time-updated data during the first 30 days of treatment. Separate models were built for patients with and without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We used the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) to evaluate performance of the models at days 10, 20, and 30 of treatment to predict mortality by 60, 90, and 120 days. Our internal validation was corrected for overoptimism using bootstrap. We provide a web-based application that computes mortality risk within 120 days.

Results
Higher GCS indicated better prognosis in all patients. In HIV-infected patients, higher plasma sodium was uniformly associated with good prognosis, whereas in HIV-uninfected patients the association was heterogeneous over time. The bias-corrected AUC of the models ranged from 0.82 to 0.92 and 0.81 to 0.85 in HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected individuals, respectively. The models outperformed the previously published baseline models.

Conclusions
Time-updated GCS and plasma sodium measurements improved predictions based solely on information obtained at diagnosis. Our models may be used in practice to define those with poor prognosis during treatment.
A Multiple-Layer Machine Learning Architecture for Improved Accuracy in Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Shyamasundar L B , Jhansi Rani P 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Twitter is an online micro-blogging platform through which one can explore the hidden valuable and delightful information about the current context at any point of time, which also serves as a data source to carry out sentiment analysis. In this paper, the sentiments of large amount of tweets generated from Twitter in the form of big data have been analyzed using machine learning algorithms. A multi-tier architecture for sentiment classification is proposed in this paper, which includes modules such as tokenization, data cleaning, preprocessing, stemming, updated lexicon, stopwords and emoticon dictionaries, feature selection and machine learning classifier. Unigram and bigrams have been used as feature extractors together with χ2 (Chi-squared) and Singular Value Decomposition for dimensionality reduction together with two model types (Binary and Reg), with four types of scaling methods (No scaling, Standard, Signed and Unsigned) and represented them in three different vector formats (TF-IDF, Binary and Int). Accuracy is considered as the evaluation standard for random forest and bagged trees classification methods. Sentiments were analyzed through tokenization and having several stages of pre-processing and several combinations of feature vectors and classification methods. Through which it was possible to achieve an accuracy of 84.14%. Obtained results conclude that, the proposed scheme gives a better accuracy when compared with existing schemes in the literature.
Short-term preoperative protein restriction attenuates vein graft disease via induction of cystathionine γ-lyase
Authors: Trocha Kaspar M , Kip Peter , Tao Ming , MacArthur Michael R , Treviño-Villarreal J Humberto , Longchamp Alban , Toussaint Wendy , Lambrecht Bart N , de Vries Margreet R , Quax Paul H A , Mitchell James R , Ozaki C Keith 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Aims
Therapies to prevent vein graft disease, a major problem in cardiovascular and lower extremity bypass surgeries, are currently lacking. Short-term preoperative protein restriction holds promise as an effective preconditioning method against surgical stress in rodent models, but whether it can improve vein graft patency after bypass surgery is undetermined. Here, we hypothesized that short-term protein restriction would limit vein graft disease via up-regulation of cystathionine γ-lyase and increased endogenous production of the cytoprotective gaseous signalling molecule hydrogen sulfide.

Methods and results
Low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice were preconditioned for 1 week on a high-fat high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet with or without protein prior to left common carotid interposition vein graft surgery with caval veins from donor mice on corresponding diets. Both groups were returned to a complete HFHC diet post-operatively, and vein grafts analysed 4 or 28 days later. A novel global transgenic cystathionine γ-lyase overexpressing mouse model was also employed to study effects of genetic overexpression on graft patency. Protein restriction decreased vein graft intimal/media+adventitia area and thickness ratios and intimal smooth muscle cell infiltration 28 days post-operatively, and neutrophil transmigration 4 days post-operatively. Protein restriction increased cystathionine γ-lyase protein expression in aortic and caval vein endothelial cells (ECs) and frequency of lung EC producing hydrogen sulfide. The cystathionine γ-lyase inhibitor propargylglycine abrogated protein restriction-mediated protection from graft failure and the increase in hydrogen sulfide-producing ECs, while cystathionine γ-lyase transgenic mice displayed increased hydrogen sulfide production capacity and were protected from vein graft disease independent of diet.

Conclusion
One week of protein restriction attenuates vein graft disease via increased cystathionine γ-lyase expression and hydrogen sulfide production, and decreased early inflammation. Dietary or pharmacological interventions to increase cystathionine γ-lyase or hydrogen sulfide may thus serve as new and practical strategies to improve vein graft durability.
High Adherence to Surveillance Guidelines in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients Results in Low Colorectal Cancer and Dysplasia Rates, While Rates of Dysplasia are Low Before the Suggested Onset of Surveillance
Authors: Singh Kelita , Al Khoury Alex , Kurti Zsuzsanna , Gonczi Lorant , Reinglas Jason , Verdon Christine , Kohen Rita , Bessissow Talat , Afif Waqqas , Wild Gary , Seidman Ernest , Bitton Alain , Lakatos Peter L 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Patients with Crohn’s disease [CD] and ulcerative colitis [UC] are at increased risk for colorectal dysplasia [CRD] and colorectal cancer [CRC]. Adherence to CRC surveillance guidelines is reportedly low internationally.

Aim
To evaluate surveillance practices at the tertiary IBD Center of the McGill University Health Center [MUHC] and to determine CRD/CRC incidence.

Methods
A representative inflammatory bowel disease cohort with at least 8 years of disease duration [or with primary sclerosing cholangitis] who visited the MUHC between July 1 and December 31, 2016 were included. Adherence to surveillance guidelines was compared to modified 2010 British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines. Incidence rates of CRC, high-grade dysplasia [HGD], low-grade dysplasia [LGD] and colorectal adenomas [CRA] were calculated based on pathology.

Results
In total, 1356 CD and UC patients (disease duration: 12 [interquartile range: 6–22) and 10 [interquartile range: 5–19] years) were identified. The surveillance cohort consisted of 680 patients [296 UC and 384 CD]. Adherence to surveillance guidelines was 76/82% in UC/colonic CD. An adequate number of biopsies were taken in 54/54% of UC/colonic CD patients. The incidence of CRC/HGD in UC and CD with colonic involvement was 19.5/58.5 and 25.1/37.6 per 100,000 patient-years, respectively. The incidence of dysplasia before 8 years of disease duration was low in both UC/CD [19.5 and 12.5/100,000 patient-years] with no CRC detected. The CRA rate was 30/38% in UC/colonic CD.

Conclusion
High adherence to surveillance guidelines and low CRC and dysplasia, but not CRA rates were found, suggesting that adhering to updated, stratified, surveillance recommendations may result in low advanced neoplasia rates. The incidence of dysplasia before the start of surveillance was low.
Cardiovascular manifestations of sickle cell disease
Authors: Hammoudi Nadjib , Lionnet François , Redheuil Alban , Montalescot Gilles 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSickle cell disease (SCD) is the most frequent genetic haemoglobinopathy worldwide. Early childhood mortality has dramatically decreased in high-income countries, and most patients now survive beyond the 5th decade. However, in the aging SCD population, the morbidity related to chronic organ damage, especially kidney and heart, has become a major concern. While pulmonary hypertension has attracted most attention, it appears that this condition is frequently linked to left heart failure (HF). Accordingly, SCD-associated cardiomyopathy is emerging as a major cause of reduced quality of life and early mortality in these patients. The diagnosis of this particular phenotype of high-output HF is challenging. Exercise intolerance and dyspnoea in SCD patients are linked to multiple causes including chronic anaemia. Moreover, echocardiographic features are unusual and can be misinterpreted. The classical diagnosis algorithm for HF is generally not suitable in SCD patients, and HF is poorly recognized and mostly diagnosed at a late congestive stage in routine practice. Such patients need to be identified at an earlier stage of myocardial dysfunction via improved phenotyping. This constitutes the first step towards further investigations in SCD needed to improve the prognosis and the quality of life. This article provides an updated review of the recent advances in the pathophysiology and diagnosis, and in addition, perspectives of new therapeutic approaches in SCD-related cardiac manifestations.