bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrical Behavior and Electron Transfer Modulation of Nickel–Copper Nanoalloys Confined in Nickel–Copper Nitrides Nanowires Array Encapsulated in Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Framework as Robust Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Hou Jungang , Sun Yiqing , Li Zhuwei , Zhang Bo , Cao Shuyan , Wu Yunzhen , Gao Zhanming , Sun Licheng 
Published: July 2018

AbstractProbing robust electrocatalysts for overall water splitting is vital in energy conversion. However, the catalytic efficiency of reported catalysts is still limited by few active sites, low conductivity, and/or discrete electron transport. Herein, bimetallic nickel–copper (NiCu) nanoalloys confined in mesoporous nickel–copper nitride (NiCuN) nanowires array encapsulated in nitrogen‐doped carbon (NC) framework (NC–NiCu–NiCuN) is constructed by carbonization‐/nitridation‐induced in situ growth strategies. The in situ coupling of NiCu nanoalloys, NiCuN, and carbon layers through dual modulation of electrical behavior and electron transfer is not only beneficial to continuous electron transfer throughout the whole system, but also promotes the enhancement of electrical conductivity and the accessibility of active sites. Owing to strong synergetic coupling effect, such NC–NiCu–NiCuN electrocatalyst exhibits the best hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance with a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at low overpotentials of 93 mV for HER and 232 mV for OER, respectively. As expected, a two‐electrode cell using NC–NiCu–NiCuN is constructed to deliver 10 mA cm−2 water‐splitting current at low cell voltage of 1.56 V with remarkable durability over 50 h. This work serves as a promising platform to explore the design and synthesis of robust bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting.
Interfering with Lactate‐Fueled Respiration for Enhanced Photodynamic Tumor Therapy by a Porphyrinic MOF Nanoplatform
Authors: Chen Zhao‐Xia , Liu Miao‐Deng , Zhang Ming‐Kang , Wang Shi‐Bo , Xu Lu , Li Chu‐Xin , Gao Fan , Xie Bo‐Ru , Zhong Zhen‐Lin , Zhang Xian‐Zheng 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLactate is a prominent energy substrate for oxidative tumor cells. Interfering with the lactate‐fueled respiration of oxidative tumor cells would be a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. In this study, α‐cyano‐4‐hydroxycinnamate (CHC) is incorporated into a porous Zr (IV)‐based porphyrinic metal‐organic framework (PZM) nanoparticle, to reduce the lactate uptake by inhibiting the expression of lactate‐proton symporter, monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) in tumor cells, thus transform lactate‐fueled aerobic respiration to anaerobic glycolysis. The alteration in energy supply can also decrease the oxygen consumption in tumor cells, which would facilitate the photodynamic therapy (PDT) in cancer treatment. Moreover, hyaluronic acid (HA) is coated on the surface of PZM nanoparticles for CD44‐targeting and hyaluronidase‐induced intracellular drug releasing. Both in vitro and in vivo studies confirmed good biocompatibility and enhanced PDT efficacy of the HA‐coated PZM nanoparticles (CHC‐PZM@HA) in tumor cells. The CHC‐PZM@HA platform will provide a new perspective in cancer therapy.
Cutaneous B‐cell lymphomas: 2019 update on diagnosis, risk stratification, and management
Authors: Wilcox Ryan A. 
Published: July 2018

Disease overviewApproximately one‐fourth of cutaneous lymphomas are B‐cell derived and are generally classified into three distinct subgroups: primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma (PCFCL), primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma (PCMZL), and primary cutaneous diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, leg type (PCDLBCL, LT).DiagnosisDiagnosis and disease classification are based on histologic review and immunohistochemical staining of an appropriate skin biopsy. Pathologic review and an appropriate staging evaluation are necessary to distinguish primary cutaneous B‐cell lymphomas from systemic B‐cell lymphomas with secondary skin involvement.Risk stratificationDisease histology remains the most important prognostic determinant. Both PCFCL and PCMZL are indolent lymphomas that infrequently disseminate to extracutaneous sites and are associated with 5‐year survival rates that exceed 95%. In contrast, PCDLBCL, LT is an aggressive lymphoma with an inferior prognosis.Risk‐adapted therapyPCFCL and PCMZL patients with solitary or relatively few skin lesions may be affectively managed with local radiation therapy. While single‐agent rituximab may be employed for patients with more widespread skin involvement, multiagent chemotherapy is rarely appropriate. In contrast, management of patients with PCDLBCL, LT is comparable to the management of patients with systemic DLBCL.
Modulating Photo‐ and Electroluminescence in a Stimuli‐Responsive π‐Conjugated Donor–Acceptor Molecular System
Authors: Isayama Kohei , Aizawa Naoya , Kim Jun Yun , Yasuda Takuma 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFunctional organic materials that display reversible changes in fluorescence in response to external stimuli are of immense interest owing to their potential applications in sensors, probes, and security links. While earlier studies mainly focused on changes in photoluminescence (PL) color in response to external stimuli, stimuli‐responsive electroluminescence (EL) has not yet been explored for color‐tunable emitters in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Here a stimuli‐responsive fluorophoric molecular system is reported that is capable of switching its emission color between green and orange in the solid state upon grinding, heating, and exposure to chemical vapor. A mechanistic study combining X‐ray diffraction analysis and quantum chemical calculations reveals that the tunable green/orange emissions originate from the fluorophore's alternating excited‐state conformers formed in the crystalline and amorphous phases. By taking advantage of this stimuli‐responsive fluorescence behavior, two‐color emissive OLEDs were produced using the same fluorophore in different solid phases.
Chiral Carboxylic Acid Enabled Achiral Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Enantioselective C−H Functionalization
Authors: Lin Luqing , Fukagawa Seiya , Sekine Daichi , Tomita Eiki , Yoshino Tatsuhiko , Matsunaga Shigeki 
Published: July 2018

AbstractReported is an achiral CpxRhIII/chiral carboxylic acid catalyzed asymmetric C−H alkylation of diarylmethanamines with a diazomalonate, followed by cyclization and decarboxylation to afford 1,4‐dihydroisoquinolin‐3(2H)‐one. Secondary alkylamines as well as nonprotected primary alkylamines underwent the transformation with high enantioselectivities (up to 98.5:1.5 e.r.) by using a newly developed chiral carboxylic acid as the sole source of chirality to achieve enantioselective C−H cleavage by a concerted metalation‐deprotonation mechanism.
Differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs identified by NGS analysis in colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Li Meng , Zhao Lian‐mei , Li Suo‐lin , Li Jing , Gao Bo , Wang Fei‐fei , Wang Sheng‐pu , Hu Xu‐hua , Cao Jian , Wang Gui‐ying 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in gene regulation, but their impact on the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer and the biological function of cancer cells is unclear. In this study, we used next‐generation sequencing to study the differences in the expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs in colorectal cancer tissues. We analyzed the differentially expressed genes by Gene Ontology/Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (GO/KEGG) enrichment and predicted new lncRNA functions. Our results revealed that compared with lncRNAs and mRNAs in nontumor colorectal tissues, 1019 lncRNAs (512 upregulated, 507 downregulated) and 3221 mRNAs (1606 upregulated, 1615 downregulated) were differentially expressed in tumor colorectal tissues (fold change >2 and P < 0.05). We validated some of these genes by qPCR. Furthermore, we identified some new lncRNAs differently expressed in colorectal cancer samples from patients in northern China. We confirmed the function of lncRNA‐FIRRE‐201 and SLCO4A1‐AS1‐202 in colorectal cancer cells to provide an experimental basis for studies on their roles in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer and in the regulation of networks.
Enzymatic Formation of Oxygen‐Containing Heterocycles in Natural Product Biosynthesis
Authors: Meng Song , Tang Gong‐Li , Pan Hai‐Xue 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOxygen‐containing heterocycles are widely encountered in natural products that display diverse pharmacological properties and have potential benefits to human health. The formation of O‐heterocycles catalyzed by different types of enzymes in the biosynthesis of natural products not only contributes to the structural diversity of these compounds, but also enriches our understanding of nature's ability to construct complex molecules. This minireview focuses on the various modes of enzymatic O‐heterocyclization identified in natural product biosynthesis and summarizes the possible mechanisms involved in ring closure.
A Remarkable Catalytic Activity of Hierarchical Zeolite (ZH‐5) for Tertiary Butylation of Phenol with Enhanced 2,4‐Di‐t‐Butylphenol Selectivity
Authors: Parsapur Rajesh K. , Selvam Parasuraman 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHierarchical zeolites with the ordered arrangement at the nanoscopic level are of paramount importance in catalysis owing to their remarkable properties. Nevertheless, architecting such structures is extremely difficult owing to their challenging synthesis conditions. In this study, we report a designed synthesis of such a material with MFI topology viz., hierarchical nanoporous ZSM‐5 (designated as ZH‐5) with unique serrated morphologies. The synthetic approach was envisaged by considering the stable supramolecular aggregation, controlled zeolitization and strong organosilane interactions as the key factors for the hierarchical organization. Furthermore, for the first time, we emphasize the effect of dual‐templating nature of organosilanes in stabilizing the crystalline mesophase for the development of a hierarchical pore‐architecture. In addition, the catalysts have shown remarkable catalytic activities for the formation of 2,4‐di‐tert‐butylphenol.
Removal of methyl violet dye by a low‐cost waste (Ajuga Pseudo‐Iva): Kinetic and equilibrium isotherm study
Authors: Behloul Samia , Hamitouche Adhya‐Eddine , Haffas Maamar , Boudjemaa Amel , Benammar Souad , Sehailia Moussa , Meziane Toufik , Bachari Khaldoun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this work we describe the utilization of a low cost environmental biomass derived from Ajuga Pseudo‐Iva waste (AP‐Iva) for the purpose of dye removal from contaminated wastewater. The biosorbent was characterized by SEM, ATG‐DSC, and FTIR‐ATR techniques. The material's performance was studied by varying operating parameters such as initial dye concentration, pH, adsorbent dose, particle size, and contact time. The results obtained showed that MV dye was sorbed quickly enough for the first few minutes and achieved a good efficiency (∼80 %) after 30 min of reaction time. The kinetic data obtained at different concentrations were analyzed using pseudo‐first order, pseudo‐second order, Elovich, and intra‐particle diffusion models. The equilibrium sorption data were analyzed using Freundlich, Langmuir, Toth, Sips, and Temkin isotherms. The experimental data were correctly fitted to Toth and Sips isotherms.
Prevalence and pharmacologic management of familial hypercholesterolemia in an unselected contemporary cohort of patients with stable coronary artery disease
Authors: De Luca Leonardo , Arca Marcello , Temporelli Pier L. , Colivicchi Furio , Gonzini Lucio , Lucci Donata , Bosco Biagio , Callerame Mariella , Lettica Giulio V. , Di Lenarda Andrea , Gulizia Michele M. ,   on behalf of the START Investigators
Published: July 2018

IntroductionFamilial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an inherited disorder characterized by elevated plasma levels of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) associated with premature cardiovascular disease.MethodsUsing the data from the START (STable Coronary Artery Diseases RegisTry) study, a nationwide, prospective survey on patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD), we described prevalence and lipid lowering strategies commonly employed in these patients. The study population was divided into “definite/probable FH,” defined as a Dutch Lipid Clinic Network (DLCN) score ≥6, “possible FH” with DLCN 3‐5, and “unlikely FH” in presence of a DLCN <3.ResultsAmong the 4030 patients with the DLCN score available, 132 (3.3%) were classified as FH (2.3% with definite/probable and 1.0% with possible FH) and 3898 (96.7%) had unlikely FH. Patients with both definite/probable and possible FH were younger compared to patients not presenting FH. Mean on‐treatment LDL‐C levels were 107.8 ± 41.5, 84.4 ± 40.9, and 85.8 ± 32.3 (P < 0.0001) and a target of ≤70 mg/dL was reached in 10.9%, 30.0%, and 22.0% (P < 0.0001) of patents with definite/probable, possible FH, and unlikely FH, respectively. Statin therapy was prescribed in 85 (92.4%) patients with definite/probable FH, in 38 (95.0%) with possible FH, and in 3621 (92.9%) with unlikely FH (P = 0.86). The association of statin and ezetimibe, in absence of other lipid‐lowering therapy, was more frequently used in patients with definite/probable FH compared to patients without FH (31.5% vs 17.5% vs 9.5%; P < 0.0001).ConclusionsIn this large cohort of consecutive patients with stable CAD, FH was highly prevalent and generally undertreated with lipid lowering therapies.
Oral Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetics of Nonanimal Chondroitin Sulfate and Its Constituents in Healthy Male Volunteers
Authors: Volpi Nicola , Mantovani Veronica , Galeotti Fabio , Bianchi Davide , Straniero Valentina , Valoti Ermanno , Miraglia Niccolò 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe pharmacokinetic profile of a new 800‐mg tablet of nonanimal chondroitin sulfate (CS) (Mythocondro®, 800‐mg tablets, Gnosis S.p.A., Italy) was investigated vs an animal CS in healthy volunteers for a total period of 48 hours. After a single 2400‐mg dose of the test and the reference formulation, total CS, the compositional disaccharides (ΔDi6S, ΔDi4S and ΔDi0S), and the overall charge density were quantified in plasma. The safety and tolerability profile after a single dose of this new nonanimal CS tablets was excellent. After baseline‐corrected concentrations, an overall greater plasma concentration was observed after 24 hours of ∼44% and after 48 hours of ∼45% from administration of nonanimal when compared to animal‐derived CS. Moreover, nonanimal CS increases the specific sulfation in the 6‐position of N‐acetyl‐galactosamine in human plasma CS and, as a consequence, the overall charge density, reaching double values (0.91), after 48 hours compared to bovine CS and to endogenous CS. In conclusion, nonanimal CS, possessing a lower molecular weight than an animal‐derived sample, produces a greater CS concentration for a more prolonged period of time in plasma and an increase in charge density and specific 6‐sulfation of endogenous plasma CS.
Continuous Gas‐Phase Condensation of Bioethanol to 1‐Butanol over Bifunctional Pd/Mg and Pd/Mg–Carbon Catalysts
Authors: López‐Olmos Cristina , Morales Maria Virtudes , Guerrero‐Ruiz Antonio , Ramirez‐Barria Carolina , Asedegbega‐Nieto Esther , Rodríguez‐Ramos Inmaculada 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe condensation of ethanol to 1‐butanol in the presence of different catalyst systems based on a Pd dehydrogenating/hydrogenating component and magnesium hydroxide‐derived materials as basic ingredient was studied in a fixed‐bed reactor. The metal was incorporated by wetness impregnation, and the resulting material was then reduced in situ with hydrogen at 573 K for 1 h before reaction. The bifunctional catalysts were tested in a fixed‐bed reactor operated in the gas phase at 503 K and 50 bar with a stream of helium and ethanol. A bifunctional catalyst supported on a synthetic composite based on Mg and high surface area graphite (HSAG) was also studied. Improved catalytic performance in terms of selectivity towards 1‐butanol and stability was shown by the Pd catalyst supported on the Mg–HSAG composite after thermal treatment in helium at 723 K, presumably due to the compromise between two parameters: adequate size of the Pd nanoparticles and the concentration of strongly basic sites. The results indicate that the optimal density of strongly basic sites is a key aspect in designing superior bifunctional heterogeneous catalyst systems for the condensation of ethanol to 1‐butanol.
River ecosystem resilience to extreme flood events
Authors: Milner Alexander M. , Picken Jessica L. , Klaar Megan J. , Robertson Anne L. , Clitherow Leonie R. , Eagle Lawrence , Brown Lee E. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFloods have a major influence in structuring river ecosystems. Considering projected increases in high‐magnitude rainfall events with climate change, major flooding events are expected to increase in many regions of the world. However, there is uncertainty about the effect of different flooding regimes and the importance of flood timing in structuring riverine habitats and their associated biotic communities. In addition, our understanding of community response is hindered by a lack of long‐term datasets to evaluate river ecosystem resilience to flooding. Here we show that in a river ecosystem studied for 30 years, a major winter flood reset the invertebrate community to a community similar to one that existed 15 years earlier. The community had not recovered to the preflood state when recurrent summer flooding 9 years later reset the ecosystem back to an even earlier community. Total macroinvertebrate density was reduced in the winter flood by an order of magnitude more than the summer flood. Meiofaunal invertebrates were more resilient to the flooding than macroinvertebrates, possibly due to their smaller body size facilitating greater access to in‐stream refugia. Pacific pink salmon escapement was markedly affected by the winter flood when eggs were developing in redds, compared to summer flooding, which occurred before the majority of eggs were laid. Our findings inform a proposed conceptual model of three possible responses to flooding by the invertebrate community in terms of switching to different states and effects on resilience to future flooding events. In a changing climate, understanding these responses is important for river managers to mitigate the biological impacts of extreme flooding effects.
Northern range shift may be due to increased competition induced by protection of species rather than to climate change alone
Authors: Marion Loïc , Bergerot Benjamin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFew long‐term, large‐scale studies have been conducted about the factors likely to explain changes in species abundance and distribution in winter. Range shifts are generally attributed to the climate change or land use. This study shows that other factors such as species protection and the ensuing increasing numbers of individuals and competition could be involved. It details the progressive conquest of France, the most important European wintering area for great cormorant, in three decades as its legal protection by the EU Birds Directive. It is based on 13 exhaustive national counts. Cormorants first occupied the farthest areas (Atlantic and Mediterranean lagoons, then larger rivers) from the main‐core European breeding area, with only progressive occupancy of the northeastern part later. This strategy mainly resulted from competition for optimal available feeding areas. Suboptimal areas (smaller wetlands harboring smaller night roosts, colder northeastern French areas) and progressive fragmentation of large night roosts into smaller, better located ones minimized flight costs. The coldest areas were occupied last, once other areas were saturated. Their occupancy was favored locally by the global climate change, but it played a minor role in these strategies. Both factors induced only a small NNE shift of the weighted centroid range of the wintering population (2.6 km/year) which mainly resulted from competition (buffer effect). Only the 2009 cold wave decreased the total number of wintering cormorants at the national scale, once the population had probably reached the carrying capacity of the country, while the previous cold waves had a minor effect. Comparatively, there was a greater SSE range shift of the weighted centroid of the breeding population (4.66 km/year). Range shifts of other recently protected species have been attributed to the sole climate change in the literature, but competition due to the saturation of usual wintering or breeding areas should be considered too.
Reduced competition enhances community temporal stability under conditions of increasing environmental stress
Authors: Douda Jan , Doudová Jana , Hulík Josef , Havrdová Alena , Boublík Karel 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe stress‐gradient hypothesis predicts a switch from competition to facilitation, under increasing environmental stress. However, it is unclear how important is the change in competition–facilitation balance (i.e., the net outcome of plant–plant interactions) along the stress gradient in the regulation of community temporal stability (i.e., the inverse of temporal variability in total biomass). Increasing environmental stress may enhance community temporal stability by reduced competition or eventually by leading to facilitative interactions between the dominant and subordinate species. Here, we present the results of a 5‐yr mesocosm experiment that demonstrates the effects of interspecific interactions on the temporal stability of a riparian community across different drought‐stress scenarios. We constructed artificial communities of dominant species (Carex elata) and three subordinate species to simulate the independent effects of environmental stress and interspecific interactions. Using removal of the dominant species, we evaluated the interplay of various mechanisms regulating the temporal stability of the subordinate species (competition–facilitation balance, species asynchrony, and dominant species stability). By simultaneous testing of these stabilizing mechanisms, we show their importance differs depending on environmental variability and harshness. The predominant role is taken by species asynchrony in a seasonally dry environment, whereas in a permanently dry environment, the importance of reduced competition increases. Reduced competition was stabilizing, in particular through increased total community biomass, whereas species asynchrony increased total community biomass and decreased biomass variation. These results suggest experiments and simulations that exclude interspecific interactions may not offer realistic predictions of the effects of changing hydrological regimes on ecosystem functioning.