bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abnormal vaginal microbiome associated with vaginal mesh complications
Authors: Veit‐Rubin Nikolaus , De Tayrac Renaud , Cartwright Rufus , Franklin‐Revill Larissa , Warembourg Sophie , Dunyach‐Remy Catherine , Lavigne Jean‐Philippe , Khullar Vik 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimsTo identify differences in the vaginal microbiomes of women after transvaginal mesh (TVM) surgery for pelvic organ prolapse with and without mesh‐associated complications.MethodsPatients with complications were eligible as cases, patients without as controls. DNA was isolated and the V1‐2 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene was amplified and sequenced. Overall richness was quantified using Chao1. Overall diversity was expressed as Shannon diversity and screened for group differences using analysis of variance. Multivariate differences among groups were evaluated with functions from R.ResultsWe recruited 14 patients after mesh exposure, 5 after contraction, and 21 as controls. The average number of operational taxonomic unit was 74.79 (SD ± 63.91) for controls, 57.13 (SD ± 58.74) after exposures, and 92.42 (SD ± 50.01) after contractions. Total 89.6% of bacteria in controls, 86.4% in previous exposures, and 81.3% in contractions were classified as either Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, or Actinobacteria (P < .001). Veillonella spp. was more abundant in patients after contraction (P = .045). The individual microbiomes varied, and we did not detect any significant differences in richness but a trend towards higher diversity with complications.ConclusionsThe presence of Veillonella spp. could be associated with mesh contraction. Our study did not identify vaginal microbiotic dysbiosis as a factor associated with exposure. Larger cohort studies would be needed to distinguish the vaginal microbiome of women predisposed to mesh‐related complications for targeted phenotyping of patients who could benefit from TVM surgery.
A comparison of opioid‐involved fatalities captured in the National Poison Data System to data derived from US death certificate literal text
Authors: Mallama Celeste A. , Trinidad James P. , Swain Richard S. , Zhao Yueqin , Woods Corinne , McAninch Jana K. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of the study is to describe and compare the number and characteristics of opioid‐involved fatal cases captured in the National Poison Data System (NPDS) and in US death certificates.MethodsNPDS, which collects data on all calls to US poison control centers, and Drug‐Involved Mortality (DIM), which combines information from literal text of US death certificates and National Vital Statistics Systems, were queried for opioid‐involved fatal cases from 2010 to 2015. Characteristics of the two case series were compared.ResultsDIM contained 154 016 opioid‐involved overdose deaths, and NPDS contained 2524 fatal opioid exposures, a ratio of 61:1. The number of opioid deaths remained stable in NPDS but increased in DIM over the 6‐year period. On average, deaths involving opioids with higher mean dosage strength (in morphine milligram equivalents) per unit among dispensed prescriptions were more likely to be captured in DIM relative to NPDS, as compared with those with a lower mean dosage strength per unit. The increase in fentanyl‐related deaths seen in DIM since 2013 was not observed in NPDS.ConclusionsNPDS is a valuable drug safety surveillance resource due to its timeliness and drug specificity. However, it captures only a small fraction of opioid‐involved fatal poisonings, and comparisons with data derived from death certificate literal text indicate that caution is warranted in making inferences about opioid‐involved fatality trends over time or comparisons across opioids.
Cell wall composition and transcriptomics in stem tissues of stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.): Spotlight on a neglected fibre crop
Authors: Xu Xuan , Backes Aurélie , Legay Sylvain , Berni Roberto , Faleri Claudia , Gatti Edoardo , Hausman Jean‐Francois , Cai Giampiero , Guerriero Gea 
Published: August 2019

AbstractStinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.) produces silky cellulosic fibres, as well as bioactive molecules. To improve the knowledge on nettle and enhance its opportunities of exploitation, a draft transcriptome of the “clone 13” (a fibre clone) is here presented. The transcriptome of whole internodes sampled at the top and middle of the stem is then compared with the core and cortical tissues sampled at the bottom. Young internodes show an enrichment in genes involved in the biosynthesis of phytohormones (auxins and jasmonic acid) and secondary metabolites (flavonoids). The core of internodes collected at the bottom of the stem is enriched in genes partaking in different aspects of secondary cell wall formation (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin biosynthesis), while the cortical tissues reveal the presence of a C starvation signal probably due to the UDP‐glucose demand necessary for the thickening phase of bast fibres. Cell wall analysis indicates a difference in rhamnogalacturonan structure/composition of mature bast fibres, as evidenced by the higher levels of galactose measured, as well as the occurrence of more water‐soluble pectins in elongating internodes. The targeted quantification of phenolics shows that the middle internode and the cortical tissues at the bottom have higher contents than top internodes. Ultrastructural analyses reveal the presence of a gelatinous layer in bast fibres with a lamellar structure. The data presented will be an important resource and reference for future molecular studies on a neglected fibre crop.
Mechanism for the reactions of sulfides with hypochlorous acid and N‐chlorosulfon‐amides: Formation of solvated chlorosulfonium cation and λ4‐sulfane intermediates
Authors: Ruff Ferenc , Szabó Dénes , Rábai József , Jalsovszky István , Farkas Ödön 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDFT computations have been performed to study the mechanism of the reactions of sulfides with hypochlorous acid and N‐chlorosulfonamides. Sulfides can attack HOCl both at chlorine and oxygen atoms. The attack at chlorine results in the formation of chlorosulfonium cation (R2SCl+) and OH− intermediates, which transform to sulfoxide product. The high free energy of activation (ΔG‡), which is needed for the formation of ionic intermediates, is decreased considerably by solvation in protic solvents. Since the attack of sulfides at the oxygen atom of HOCl has low ΔG‡ value, the chlorination of sulfides can compete with the attack at the oxygen atom only in protic solvents. Kinetic studies showed that the reactivity of species, formed from N‐chlorosulfonamides in protic solvents, increases in the course: RSO2NCl− << RSO2NHCl < < RSO2NCl2. The chlorination of sulfides with RSO2NHCl or RSO2NCl2 results in the formation of R2SCl+ and RSO2NH− or RSO2NCl− intermediates, respectively, and the computed and experimentally derived ΔG‡ data agree in these cases. Sulfilimine (R2S═NSO2R) and sulfoxide products are formed in the reaction of R2SCl+ with RSO2NH− and water, respectively. Acyloxy‐chloro‐λ4‐sulfane intermediates are produced in the reactions of N‐chlorosulfonamides and sulfides, bearing 2‐carboxy‐phenyl group, without the intermediacy of chlorosulfonium cations. Explicit water molecules must also be included in computations for reactions proceeding with formation or destruction of ions, to get ΔG‡ values, comparable with experimental data.Supporting information may be found in the online version of this paper.
Cover Image, Volume 75, Issue 9
Authors: Lorsbach Beth A , Sparks Thomas C , Cicchillo Robert M , Garizi Negar V , Hahn Donald R , Meyer Kevin G 
Published: August 2019

The cover image is based on the Perspective Natural Products: A Strategic Lead Generation Approach in Crop Protection Discovery by Beth A Lorsbach et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.5350.
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Functional Materials for Two‐Photon Polymerization in Microfabrication
Authors: Carlotti Marco , Mattoli Virgilio 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDirect laser writing methods based on two‐photon polymerization (2PP) are powerful tools for the on‐demand printing of precise and complex 3D architectures at the micro and nanometer scale. While much progress was made to increase the resolution and the feature size throughout the years, by carefully designing a material, one can confer specific functional properties to the printed structures thus making them appealing for peculiar and novel applications. This Review summarizes the state‐of‐the‐art of functional resins and photoresists used in 2PP, discussing both the range of material functions available and the methods used to prepare them, highlighting advantages and disadvantages of different classes of materials in achieving certain properties.
Profound degeneration of wake‐promoting neurons in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Oh Jun , Eser Rana A. , Ehrenberg Alexander J. , Morales Dulce , Petersen Cathrine , Kudlacek Jessica , Dunlop Sara R. , Theofilas Panos , Resende Elisa D.P.F. , Cosme Celica , Alho Eduardo J.L. , Spina Salvatore , Walsh Christine M. , Miller Bruce L. , Seeley William W. , Bittencourt Jackson C. , Neylan Thomas C. , Heinsen Helmut , Grinberg Lea T. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionSleep‐wake disturbances are a common and early feature in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The impact of early tau pathology in wake‐promoting neurons (WPNs) remains unclear.MethodsWe performed stereology in postmortem brains from AD individuals and healthy controls to identify quantitative differences in morphological metrics in WPNs. Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal degeneration were included as disease‐specific controls.ResultsThe three nuclei studied accumulate considerable amounts of tau inclusions and showed a decrease in neurotransmitter‐synthetizing neurons in AD, PSP, and corticobasal degeneration. However, substantial neuronal loss was exclusively found in AD.DiscussionWPNs are extremely vulnerable to AD but not to 4 repeat tauopathies. Considering that WPNs are involved early in AD, such degeneration should be included in the models explaining sleep‐wake disturbances in AD and considered when designing a clinical intervention. Sparing of WPNs in PSP, a condition featuring hyperinsomnia, suggest that interventions to suppress the arousal system may benefit patients with PSP.
AVICENNA'S INFLUENCE ON MAIMONIDES' “EPISTLE ON ASTROLOGY”
Authors: Harvey Elon 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper shows for the first time that Maimonides significantly relied on Avicenna's “Refutation of astrology” (Al-Išāra ilā fasād ῾ilm aḥkām al-nujūm) when composing his own refutation, the “Epistle on astrology” (῾Al Gezērat ha-kōkhabīm). Maimonides consulted a copy of Avicenna's Refutation, partially using its structure as a model for his Epistle, and adapting some of its arguments. Therefore, it may be said with certainty that Maimonides carefully read at least one of Avicenna's works, and that his Epistle is not based solely on his own previous works, the “Commentary on the Mishnah”, the “Code of Jewish law”, and the “Guide of the perplexed”.
IBN RAḤĪQ'S TEXT ON THE MILKY WAY: PERCEPTION OF THE MILKY WAY IN THE EARLY ISLAMIC SOCIETY
Authors: Eckart Andreas 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIbn Raḥīq is an 11th century scholar who compiled a book on popular astronomy. This work included a section in which he summarizes basic knowledge of the Milky Way as it was wide spread in the first centuries after the hejira. Ibn Raḥīq gives a comprehensive overview of the perception of the Milky Way that reaches from its use as a test for knowledge of the religious tradition and for agricultural purposes on the one hand to an exact astronomical description of its shape in the sky during the year and to theories of its nature and composition on the other hand. We use a comparison of his text to those of Ibn al-Haytham and others to investigate the role the Milky Way played in early Islamic civilization from its beginning until the 15th century.
From Creative Potential to Creative Achievements
Authors: Sordia Natia , Martskvishvili Khatuna , Neubauer Aljoscha 
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Creative potential realized in creative achievement changes the world and defines progress. Accordingly, the investigation of factors that contribute to the process of achieving creative accomplishments seems essential. The relationship between creativity and personality was a thoroughly studied subject almost from the very beginning of creativity research, yet even today it is still unclear whether emotion-related personality traits – specifically, trait emotional intelligence and emotional creativity – are the driving factors that help individuals with creative potential to gain creative achievements. In this study, 342 participants ( Mage = 21.87, SD = 5.84) took the Alternative Uses and Instances tasks (creative potential); the Inventory of Creative Activities and Achievements (ICAA); the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue); and the Emotional Creativity Inventory (ECI). Results show that trait emotional intelligence (specifically, the sociability factor) and emotional creativity (namely, the novelty aspect) moderate the relationship between creative potential and creative achievements, while this relationship is mediated by creative activities. The study provides insight into which emotional personality traits can facilitate the path from creative potential to real-life creative achievements.
SOCS5 inhibition induces autophagy to impair metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway
Authors: Zhang Mao , Liu Shihai , Chua Mei-Sze , Li Haoran , Luo Dingan , Wang Sheng , Zhang Shun , Han Bing , Sun Chuandong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSOCS5 is a member of the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) protein family with important yet incompletely understood biological functions in cancer. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), controversial tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressive roles of SOCS5 have been reported. Our study aims to unravel novel functions of SOCS5 in HCC, especially that affecting metastasis. We examined the expression levels of SOCS5 in HCC using publicly available datasets, and in our patient cohort, using quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. The association of SOCS5 expression with clinical pathological data of HCC patients was examined and that with the mTOR pathway was predicted. We further studied the effects of SOCS5 on PI3K/Akt/mTOR activity; HCC cell autophagy, migration, and invasion; and HCC cell metastasis in vitro and in vivo. We observed that SOCS5 was significantly overexpressed in HCC tissues, compared to adjacent non-tumor liver tissues, in both the public datasets and in our patient cohort. SOCS5 overexpression was significantly and inversely correlated with HCC patient prognosis. Moreover, SOCS5 overexpression promoted HCC cell migration and invasion in vitro by inactivating PI3K/Akt/mTOR-mediated autophagy. Conversely, SOCS5 inhibition suppressed HCC cell migration and invasion in vitro by activating PI3K/Akt/mTOR-mediated autophagy. Dual inhibition of SOCS5 and mTOR further enhanced autophagy and the subsequent anti-metastatic effects on HCC cells. In vivo, stable knockdown of SOCS5 reduced HCC cell metastasis. Overall, our study revealed a novel metastasis-promoting function of SOCS5 in HCC, acting via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR-mediated autophagy pathway. Combined inhibition of SOCS5 and mTOR may be a potential therapeutic approach to inhibit HCC metastasis and prolong patient survival.
Increased clusterin levels after myocardial infarction is due to a defect in protein degradation systems activity
Authors: Turkieh Annie , Porouchani Sina , Beseme Olivia , Chwastyniak Maggy , Amouyel Philippe , Lamblin Nicolas , Balligand Jean-Luc , Bauters Christophe , Pinet Florence 
Published: August 2019

AbstractClusterin (CLU) is induced in many organs after tissue injury or remodeling. Recently, we show that CLU levels are increased in plasma and left ventricle (LV) after MI, however, the mechanisms involved are not yet elucidated. On the other hand, it has been shown that the activity of the protein degradation systems (PDS) is affected after MI with a decrease in ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and an increase in macroautophagy. The aim of this study was to decipher if the increased CLU levels after MI are in part due to the alteration of PDS activity. Rat neonate cardiomyocytes (NCM) were treated with different modulators of UPS and macroautophagy in order to decipher their role in CLU expression, secretion, and degradation. We observed that inhibition of UPS activity in NCM increased CLU mRNA levels, its intracellular protein levels (p-CLU and m-CLU) and its secreted form (s-CLU). Macroautophagy was also induced after MG132 treatment but is not active. The inhibition of macroautophagy induction in MG132-treated NCM increased CLU mRNA and m-CLU levels, but not s-CLU compared to NCM only treated by MG132. We also demonstrate that CLU can be degraded in NCM through proteasome and lysosome by a macroautophagy independent pathway. In another hand, CLU silencing in NCM has no effect either on macroautophagy or apoptosis induced by MG132. However, the overexpression of CLU secreted isoform in H9c2 cells, but not in NCM decreased apoptosis after MG132 treatment. Finally, we observed that increased CLU levels in hypertrophied NCM and in failing human hearts are associated with proteasome inhibition and macroautophagy alteration. All these data suggest that increased CLU expression and secretion after MI is, in part, due to a defect of UPS and macroautophagy activities in the heart and may have a protective effect by decreasing apoptosis induced by proteasome inhibition.
Mild hypothermia improves neurological outcome in mice after cardiopulmonary resuscitation through Silent Information Regulator 1-actviated autophagy
Authors: Wei Hongyan , Yin Meixian , Lu Yuanzheng , Yang Yan , Li Bo , Liao Xiao-Xing , Dai Gang , Jing Xiaoli , Xiong Yan , Hu Chunlin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMild hypothermia treatment (MHT) improves the neurological function of cardiac arrest (CA) patients, but the exact mechanisms of recovery remain unclear. Herein, we generated a CA and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) mouse model to elucidate such function. Naïve mice were randomly divided into two groups, a normothemia (NT) group, in which animals had normal body temperature, and a MHT group, in which animals had a body temperature of 33 °C (range: 32–34 °C), after the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), followed by CA/CPR. MHT significantly improved the survival rate of CA/CPR mice compared with NT. Mechanistically, MHT increased the expression of Silent Information Regulator 1 (Sirt1) and decreased P53 phosphorylation (p-P53) in the cortex of CA/CPR mice, which coincided with the elevated autophagic flux. However, Sirt1 deletion compromised the neuroprotection offered by MHT, indicating that Sirt1 plays an important role. Consistent with the observations obtained from in vivo work, our in vitro study utilizing cultured neurons subjected to oxygen/glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) also indicated that Sirt1 knockdown increased OGD/R-induced neuron necrosis and apoptosis, which was accompanied by decreased autophagic flux and increased p-P53. However, the depletion of P53 did not suppress neuron death, suggesting that P53 was not critically involved in MHT-induced neuroprotection. In contrast, the application of autophagic inhibitor 3-methyladenine attenuated MHT-improved neuron survival after OGD/R, further demonstrating that increased autophagic flux significantly contributes to MHT-linked neuroprotection of CA/CRP mice. Our findings indicate that MHT improves neurological outcome of mice after CA/CPR through Sirt1-mediated activation of autophagic flux.
Band-collision gel electrophoresis
Authors: Bikos Dimitri A. , Mason Thomas G. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractElectrophoretic mobility shift assays are widely used in gel electrophoresis to study binding interactions between different molecular species loaded into the same well. However, shift assays can access only a subset of reaction possibilities that could be otherwise seen if separate bands of reagent species might instead be collisionally reacted. Here, we adapt gel electrophoresis by fabricating two or more wells in the same lane, loading these wells with different reagent species, and applying an electric field, thereby producing collisional reactions between propagating pulse-like bands of these species, which we image optically. For certain pairs of anionic and cationic dyes, propagating bands pass through each other unperturbed; yet, for other pairs, we observe complexing and precipitation reactions, indicating strong attractive interactions. We generalize this band-collision gel electrophoresis (BCGE) approach to other reaction types, including acid-base, ligand exchange, and redox, as well as to colloidal species in passivated large-pore gels.
Towards general network architecture design criteria for negative gas adsorption transitions in ultraporous frameworks
Authors: Krause Simon , Evans Jack D. , Bon Volodymyr , Senkovska Irena , Iacomi Paul , Kolbe Felicitas , Ehrling Sebastian , Troschke Erik , Getzschmann Jürgen , Többens Daniel M. , Franz Alexandra , Wallacher Dirk , Yot Pascal G. , Maurin Guillaume , Brunner Eike , Llewellyn Philip L. , Coudert François-Xavier , Kaskel Stefan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSwitchable metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been proposed for various energy-related storage and separation applications, but the mechanistic understanding of adsorption-induced switching transitions is still at an early stage. Here we report critical design criteria for negative gas adsorption (NGA), a counterintuitive feature of pressure amplifying materials, hitherto uniquely observed in a highly porous framework compound (DUT-49). These criteria are derived by analysing the physical effects of micromechanics, pore size, interpenetration, adsorption enthalpies, and the pore filling mechanism using advanced in situ X-ray and neutron diffraction, NMR spectroscopy, and calorimetric techniques parallelised to adsorption for a series of six isoreticular networks. Aided by computational modelling, we identify DUT-50 as a new pressure amplifying material featuring distinct NGA transitions upon methane and argon adsorption. In situ neutron diffraction analysis of the methane (CD4) adsorption sites at 111 K supported by grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations reveals a sudden population of the largest mesopore to be the critical filling step initiating structural contraction and NGA. In contrast, interpenetration leads to framework stiffening and specific pore volume reduction, both factors effectively suppressing NGA transitions.
Engineering a microbial biosynthesis platform for de novo production of tropane alkaloids
Authors: Srinivasan Prashanth , Smolke Christina D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTropane alkaloids (TAs) are a class of phytochemicals produced by plants of the nightshade family used for treating diverse neurological disorders. Here, we demonstrate de novo production of tropine, a key intermediate in the biosynthetic pathway of medicinal TAs such as scopolamine, from simple carbon and nitrogen sources in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Our engineered strain incorporates 15 additional genes, including 11 derived from diverse plants and bacteria, and 7 disruptions to yeast regulatory or biosynthetic proteins to produce tropine at titers of 6 mg/L. We also demonstrate the utility of our engineered yeast platform for the discovery of TA derivatives by combining biosynthetic modules from distant plant lineages to achieve de novo production of cinnamoyltropine, a non-canonical TA. Our engineered strain constitutes a starting point for future optimization efforts towards realizing industrial fermentation of medicinal TAs and a platform for the synthesis of TA derivatives with enhanced bioactivities.