bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Critical Review of Sand Control Evaluation Testing for SAGD Applications
Authors: Montero J. D. , Chissonde S. , Kotb O. , Wang C. , Roostaei M. , Nouri A. , Mahmoudi M. , Fattahpour V. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This paper presents a critical review of current evaluation techniques for the selection and design of sand control devices (SCD) for Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) wells. With the industry moving towards exploiting more difficult reservoirs, there is a need to review the current testing methods and assess their adequacy for sand control evaluation for different operational and geological conditions.
In addition to a critical review of existing sand control testing approaches for SAGD, the paper also discusses the testing parameters in previous studies to evaluate their representativeness of the field conditions in terms of interstitial seepage and viscous forces, and flow geometry. Moreover, the paper reviews the analysis and results of sand control testing in the literature and assesses the sand control design criteria in terms of the level of acceptable sand production and plugging. Furthermore, the review evaluates the suitability of the sample size, sand preparation techniques, representation of the SCD in the testing, and experimental procedures.
The review shows variations in the existing sand control testing in SAGD, in terms of not only approach, sand control representation, and sample size, but also regarding operational test conditions, such as flow rates and pressures. Ideally, large-scale pre-packed tests that include the effects of temperature and radial flow geometry would more closely emulate the actual conditions of SAGD wells than most existing tests allow. High temperatures may affect sanding and plugging through changes in wettability, permeabilities, and mineral alterations. Further, the varying velocity profile in radial flow towards the SCD influences the fines migration pattern differently from the linear-flow conditions in the existing Sand Retention Tests (SRT). However, large-scale radial-flow tests are constrained by cost and complexity.
Most SRT experiments have employed high flow rates, exceeding the equivalent field rates. Utilizing realistic rates for the tests and appropriately capturing the actual fluids ratios, water cuts and steam breakthrough scenarios can improve the quality of testing data. Accordingly, existing SRT experiments can be designed to incorporate, if not all, but some of the relevant physics in SAGD by employing representative viscosities, flow rates, fluid properties and ratios, stress conditions and obtain suitable live and post-mortem measurements.
This critical review compiles various aspects of current sand retention tests and evaluates their applicability to SAGD well conditions. It serves as a starting point for future research by providing an overview of existing testing methods, highlighting the strengths and opportunities for improvements.
Nanoparticle Stabilized Solvent-Based Emulsion for Enhanced Heavy Oil Recovery
Authors: Kumar Ganesh , Kakati Abhijit , Mani Ethayaraja , Sangwai Jitendra Shital 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The objective of this study is to develop a solvent-based Pickering emulsion stabilized by silica nanoparticle for enhanced heavy oil recovery. Unlike the light oil, the recovery of heavy oil is quite challenging because of its high viscosity. To reduce the viscosity of heavy crude oil, solvent-based Pickering emulsion is explored to improve the recovery of heavy oil. The approach is to use solvent-in-water emulsion stabilized by nanoparticle which is more economical as compared to thermal or solvent-based enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods. In this work, the solvent-in-water Pickering emulsion has been prepared by homogenizing the mixture with the help of homogenizer at 13000 rpm for 3 minutes. It can be inferred from the experimental results that the use of nanoparticle has helped to improve the stability of solvent-based Pickering emulsion for a longer period of time as compared to conventional surfactant based emulsions due to irreversible adsorption of silica nanoparticle at the oil-water interface. The silica nanoparticle of 15 nm size is used to make the Pickering emulsion. The colloidal stability and surface charge of the nanoparticle is evaluated by zeta potential. Silica nanoparticle is expected to improve the rheological stability of solvent-based emulsion and provides favorable mobility. Hence, these solvent-based emulsion flooding can provide high displacement efficiencies like miscible solvent flooding and better sweep efficiency like polymer flooding and helps to improve the enhanced heavy oil recovery. The novelty of the nanoparticle stabilized solvent-based Pickering emulsion is that it can sustain harsh reservoir conditions and remains very stable for a longer period of time as compared to other EOR techniques. The droplet size of these emulsions is few micron in size so that it can easily flow through the pore throat size of the formation reservoir and helps in improving the enhanced heavy oil recovery.
Hydrocarbon Recovery Using a Convective Solvent Extraction Process
Authors: Sood Arun , Gupta Subodh 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Going forward, limiting greenhouse gas emissions and reducing water usage in oil sands upstream operations is essential to meeting regulatory requirements and a pre-condition for the social license to operate. As Oil Sands Industry exhausts its best quality rich pay and gradually move into producing bitumen from marginal quality assets with thin pay zones, SAGD performance will deteriorate with higher steam to oil ratios. In this paper, Enhanced Convective Solvent Extraction (ECSOLVEX) process is described to apply to such reservoirs.
ECSOLVEX predominantly uses a pure solvent which is injected into the reservoir at or above its dew point temperature. Injection and production wells are placed some distance apart in the same lateral plane. Sidetracks from injector well to close proximity of the producer well allow a solvent chamber to extend to the inter-well region. The process is primarily gravity driven with a mild convective gradient from injector to the producer well. A solvent chamber is established along the side track lateral, which grows parallel to the injector and producer wells. Water production is limited since it is a solvent driven processthat would result in a reduced footprint for the surface oil water separation facility.
Simulation results show that each side track creates its own drainage chamber which performs independently of other drainage chambers till they merge, thus the production performance of this process is a function of the number of sidetracks drilled. As an example, with propane as the solvent, production rates can be doubled that of SAGD if sidetracks are drilled every 100m. The energy consumption and associated emissions of such a process would be 70% less than SAGD. The performance can be further improved by localized heating in the proximity of the producer well.
ECSOLVEX process concept provides the opportunity for economic recovery from pay zones which are not thick enough for traditional SAGD process to operate. It demonstrates significantly lower energy consumption as compared to SAGD, leading to a lower carbon footprint and has the potential to reduce the size of the oil water separation facility.
Analysis of Dynamic Imbibition Effect of Surfactant in Microcracks of Reservoir at High Temperature and Low Permeability
Authors: Xie Kun , Lu Xiangguo , Pan He , Han Dawei , Hu Guangbin , Zhang Ji , Zhang Baoyan , Cao Bao 
Published: February 2018

Summary
The objective of this work was to explore the dynamic imbibition effect of a surfactant solution in the microcracks of a reservoir at high temperature (83.3°C) and low permeability (2 × 10−3 µm2), as well as the relative influencing factors. This study considered Fuyu Reservoir of the Toutai Oil Field in Daqing, China, which has high-temperature and low-permeability characteristics, as a research platform. First, the optimal surfactant type and concentration were selected by evaluating the imbibition recovery through a study of the adhesion-work-reduction factor and the ratio of the capillary force and gravity (NB−1), under the conditions of a spontaneous-imbibition experiment. Then, through a dynamic imbibition experiment, this study investigated the effects of the injection velocity, wettability, and saturation of the matrix on the dynamic imbibition recovery. Both the experimental results and practical application showed that the surfactant could effectively improve the imbibition recovery. However, in the process of choosing a surfactant, one must consider the influence of interfacial tension (IFT) on the capillary force when reducing the adhesion work to improve the displacement efficiency. A suitable injection velocity should be chosen to take full advantage of the ability of the capillary force to “absorb water and discharge oil,” as well as the “displacement function” of the viscous force and “improved wettability” provided by the surfactant, to obtain a higher imbibition recovery. Enhancing the water-wet state of matrix blocks can help to improve the seepage flow between the matrix and microcracks, which assists in increasing the imbibition recovery. Thus, a surfactant with an appropriate concentration or other chemical agents can be selected to enhance the water-wet state of matrix blocks. When a surfactant solution is used to develop a similar reservoir, earlier imbibition construction assists the capillary force to provide the function of “absorbing water and discharging oil,” which is helpful to enhance the imbibition recovery. The practical application of a surfactant solution in Well M38-S64 in the Mao 8 area showed that adding a surfactant to a water solution assists in improving the imbibition recovery.
Influences of Proppant Concentration and Fracturing Fluids on Proppant-Embedment Behavior for Inhomogeneous Rock Medium: An Experimental and Numerical Study
Authors: Tang Y.. , Ranjith P. G. , Perera M. S. , Rathnaweera T. D. 
Published: February 2018

Summary
Proppant plays a vital role in hydraulic fracturing in tight oil/gas production because it helps to keep the fractures open during the production process. However, it is common for proppant embedment, the main type of proppant degradation, to occur under high compression load, which greatly reduces the fracture conductivity, and consequently reduces the production rate. During the process of hydraulic fracturing, the fracturing fluid only has the chance to contact and infiltrate the fractures that are in the top surface of the rock medium because of ultralow rock permeability and the short time of fluid existence, whereas the condition of other parts of the rock remain unchanged, creating inhomogeneity within the rock medium. Therefore, the present study conducted a comprehensive experimental and numerical evaluation to investigate the behavior of proppant for inhomogeneous rock media, considering the factors (effective stress, proppant concentration, and fracturing fluid) that affect proppant performance. According to the experimental results, increasing the proppant concentration reduces the proppant embedment, and, interestingly, the optimal proppant concentration is approximately 150% coverage. Furthermore, the influence of fracturing fluid on proppant embedment is more significant for high proppant concentrations, and the embedment under water-saturated conditions is higher than that under oil-saturated conditions. The numerical simulation achieved the same result as the experimental study, showing that 150% proppant coverage is the optimal proppant concentration to achieve the minimum proppant embedment. In addition, numerical modeling indicated that the inhomogeneity of the rock formation can also considerably enhance proppant embedment through differential settlement during compression.
The Analysis of Purdue Online Writing Labs as Second Language Writing Support Tools
Authors: Meysarah Cintya El 
Published: February 2018

<em>This study is a review of study, “the uses of and attitudes towards OWLs as second language writing support tools”, by Joshua M. Paiz in 2014. In this research review, the researcher tries to give critical views especially on methodology, the way and the instruments that the researcher used and maybe forgot. The purpose of the review, using contrastive analysis, is for consideration in conducting a further better research. Thereto, this review provides some parts specifically on steps, based on Center for Teaching Quality, in developing Purdue OWL to support L2 learning. The review agrees that using Purdue OWL for make learners easier to write is one of the valuable ways to enhance their motivation and ability especially for a second language. Unfortunately, there is still no evidence of previous research about the use of it in rural area; it makes us difficult to generalize the result of benefits in using Online Writing Labs (OWL) to other populations of practitioners.</em>
KARAKTERISTIK KEBIJAKAN PENDIDIKAN TINGGI HUKUM INDONESIA BERDASARKAN PANCASILA DAN UNDANG-UNDANG DASAR NEGARA REPUBLIK INDONESIA TAHUN 1945
Authors: Hafids Jawade 
Published: February 2018

Abstrak
Pendidikan adalah hak setiap warga Negara sebagaimana diamanatkan dalam pasal 31 Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia 1945. Pendidikan tinggi yang merupakan bagian dari sistem pendidikan nasional memiliki peran strategis dalam mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa dan memajukan ilmu pengetahuan dan tekonologi. Lulusan pendidikan tinggi hukum diharuskan untuk dapat bersaing di dalam era globalisasi, tidak hanya dengan sesama lulusan sarjana hukum, akan tetapi juga dengan profesi lainnya. Lulusan pendidikan tinggi hukum harus mempunyai daya saing global dengan penguasaan bahasa asing yang mumpuni khususnya tentang ilmu hukum.

Kata kunci : Ilmu Pengetahuan, Pendidikan Tinggi, Ilmu Hukum
Sistem Monitoring Detak Jantung dan Lokasi Pasien
Authors: Resika Arthana I Ketut , Pradnyana I Made Ardwi , Kurniati Desak Putu Yuli 
Published: February 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sistem monitoring detak jantung dan lokasi pasien untuk memantau kesehatan manusia. Salah satu aspek penting dalam kesehatan manusia adalah mendeteksi detak jantung. Penderita penyakit jantung seringkali mengalami gangguan secara tiba-tiba dan perlu penanganan yang cepat. Oleh karena itu diperlukan suatu teknologi untuk bisa mendeteksi detak jantung pasien serta bisa memberikan pemberitahuan ketika terjadi permasalahan pada jantung pasien. Pemberitahuan tersebut berupa ukuran detak jantung pasien yang akan dikirimkan ke keluarga atau dokter keluarga dari pasien sehingga bisa mendapatkan penanganan yang cepat. Selain itu, lokasi pasien i perlu diketahui agar bisa segera mendapatkan pertolongan. Pada penelitian ini dikembangan sistem untuk mendeteksi detak jantung dan pemberian notifikasi berupa lokasi pasien saat ini. Tahapan penelitian ini meliputi Analisa teknologi dan analisa aspek-aspek yang perlu diperhatikan pada pasien, Desain arsitektur sistem, Pengembangan aplikasi pendukung dan sensor, Implementasi aplikasi pada sensor serta Evaluasi sistem. Pada tahap analisa dilakukan identifikasi kebutuhan teknologi baik berupa perangkat keras maupun perangkat lunak untuk mendeteksi detak jantung dan lokasi pasien yang kemudian dirancang arsitektur pada tahapan design. Pengembangan dilakukan dengan merangkai perangkat-perangkat tersebut sehingga menjadi peralatan untuk mendeteksi detak jantung dan lokasi pasien. Uji coba dilakukan dengan membandingkan dengan perangkat sejenis. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian terhadap 5 responden, diperoleh rata-rata perbedaan antara alat yang dikembangkan dengan tensimeter manual yaitu 1.5 BPM, sedangkan rata-rata perbedaan antara alat yang dikembangkan dengan pengukuran manual sebesar 2.8 BPM. Akurasi posisi pasien sekitar 20 meter, tergantung posisi pasien saat ini apakah didalam ruangan ataupun diluar ruangan. Sedangkan respon terhadap request ukuran detak jantung berkisar 1.5 menitKata kunci: Sensor Detak Jantung, Arduino, GPS
A iconografia clássica e sua irradiação
Authors: Gali-Kahil Lilly , Sarian Haiganuch 
Published: February 2018

L'impact le plus considérable du rayonnement de l'iconographie grecque a certainement été celui des images de l'époque classique. Mais dès que l'on aborde le problème de la transmission des thèmes et des schémas iconographiques on s'aperçoit de sa complexité, car thèmes et schémas évoluent dans le temps et dans l'espace mais, en même temps qu'iis sont expression de l'environnement économique et social qui a été le leur, ils se heurtent à l'apport des entités géopolitiques nouvelles. Pour essayer de comprendre le langage de l'image visuelle et de l'lnterpreter, il faut donc opérer une recherche à la fols verticale et horizontale dont quelques découvertes récentes soulignent l'lmportance. C'est ainsi que les fouilles d'Erétrie (Eubée) ont mis au jour une série d'amphores panathénalques sur lesquelles est figuré le groupe allégorique d'Eirénè portant Plutos. Datées de 360/359, elles nous donnent un teminus ante quem pour le célèbre groupe de Céphisodote exposé sur l'Agora d'Athènes, exemple d'une diffuslon d'image, quasl interne, de la plus grande importante. Ailleurs, l'impact d'une image classique se manifeste différemment dans les régions lointaines coexlstent à côté d'un art local prospère des documents de culture grecque d'un grand raffinement. Ainsi, à Palmyre, aux Allath de style local s'ajoute à présent dans le sanctualre même de cette déesse, une Athéna du 2ème. ap. J.-C., variante de la Parthénos de Phldlas, d'une facture excellente, alors qu'une statue de Mlnerve (trouvée à Aventicum en Sulsse), bien provlnclale au contraire, garde à l'époque romaine le souvenir de l'Athéna Velletrl et de l'Athéna Lemnia. Enfin, à Chypre, l'Aphrodite amée de Néa-Paphos (2-3èmes ap. J.-C.) remonte à une tradltion lconographlque qul nous permet de supposer l'exlstence d'un origlnal post-praxitélien figurant la déesse en train de brandir son épée; toujours à Chypre, une mosaïque de Palaepaphos d'époque sévérienne, fidèle à un type iconographique connu, reprodulsalt vraisemblablement une Aphrodlte du 4ème. Dans la tradition de Praxitèle. Ainsi, c'est seulement en élargissant notre champ d'lnformation au maxlmum qu'll nous est possible d'établir les liens entre l'lconographle classique et celle des cultures postérieures proches ou élolgnées.Conferência pronunciada no Museu de Arqueologia e Etnografia - USP, em novembro de 1983. O original foi publicado em Praktiká tôn XII Diéthnous Synedríou Klassikês Archaiologías (Atenas, 4-10 set. 1983), Atenas 1985: 322-328. Traduzida por Haiganuch Sarian (MAE-USP).
Supply Chain Management Untuk Agen Game RTS Menggunakan Hierarchical Finite State Machine
Authors: Muriyatmoko Dihin 
Published: February 2018

Real Time Strategy is one of the genres in computer games that have a characteristic form of war. The attractive and preferably game usually approach to the real world. Generally on RTS games do not have food distribution that makes the game less humane. On other models troops was returning from war, need to takes recovered, but when the condition that the player wants to war again, the energy not fully recovered, so need a method that the food supply target is precise. This experiment using Hierarchical Finite State Machine to design the behavior ofagents and refers to the scheme of supply chain management so that the behavior approach to the real world. Placement agent location coordinates using a scheme of supply chain approach to gravity location coordinates of the model in order to produce an optimal position so that the time and costs in the food distribution can be minimized. The results show the average percentage cost and time savings for 52.97% and 48.47%.Keywords: Supply Chain Management, HFSM, RTS Game AbstrakReal Time Strategy merupakan salah satu genre dalam permainan komputer yang memiliki ciri khas berupa permainan perang. Permainan yang menarik dan disukai biasanya hampir mendekati dunia nyata manusia. Umumnya pada game yang ada, tidak memiliki distribusi makanan, sehingga menjadikan game kurang manusiawi. Pada model lain pasukan yang kembali dari perang, membutuhkan waktu agar pulih, namun ketika kondisi dimana pemain ingin kembali berperang, energi pasukan belum sepenuhnya pulih, karena itu dibutuhkan suatu metode agar pasokan makanan bisa tepat sasaran. Percobaan ini menggunakan metode Hierarchical Finite State Machine untuk mendesain perilaku agen game RTS dan mengacu pada skema supply chain management agar perilaku agen dalam mendistribusikan makanan mendekati dunia nyata. Penempatan lokasi koordinat agen dirancang mengacu pada skema supply chain dengan pendekatan gravity location model agar menghasilkan posisi koordinat yang optimal sehingga waktu dan biaya dalam distribusi makanan bisa diminimalkan. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan rata-rata penghematan biaya dan waktu masing – masing 52.97% dan 48.47 %.Kata kunci: Supply Chain Management, HFSM, RTS Game
PENGUATAN KARAKTERISTIK DAN KOMPETENSI KEWIRAUSAHAAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KINERJA UMKM
Authors: Dhamayantie Endang , Fauzan Rizky 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRAK Karakteristik dan kompetensi kewirausahan merupakan dua fakor penting yang diperlukan pelaku Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) untuk menghadapi tantangan lingkungan dalam dunia bisnis yang dinamis dan mencapai kinerja bisnis tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh karakteristik kewirausahaan dan kompetensi kewirausahaan terhadap kinerja UMKM. Penelitian dilakukan pada UMKM di Kabupaten Kubu Raya. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 184 UMKM yang ditentukan melalui metode purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui survei dengan penyebaran kuesioner. Teknik analisis data menggunakan model persamaan struktural dengan pendekatan Partial Least Square (PLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik kewirausahaan berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kompetensi kewirausahaan, namun karakteristik kewirausahaan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja UMKM dan kompetensi kewirausahaan berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kinerja UMKM. Hasil penelitian juga mengindikasikan bahwa kompetensi kewirausahaan memediasi hubungan antara karakteristik kewirausahaan dan kinerja UMKM. Kata Kunci: karakteristik kewirausahaan, kompetensi kewirausahaan, kinerja UMKM ABSTRACT Entrepreneurial characteristics and competencies are two important factors needed by entrepreneur Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) to face the environmental challenges in the dynamic world of business and achieve high business performance. This study aimed to examine the effect of the entrepreneurial characteristics and entrepreneurial competencies on SMEs performance. The study was conducted on SMEs in Kubu Raya. The research sample is 184 SMEs were determined through purposive sampling method. Data were collected through a survey with questionnaires. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling with Partial Least Square (PLS) approach. The results showed that entrepreneurial characteristics have significant positive effect on entrepreneurial competencies, but entrepreneurial characteristics have not significant effect on the SMEs performance and entrepreneurial competencies have significant positive effect on the performance of SMEs. The results also indicate that entrepreneurial competence moderate the relationship between entrepreneurial characteristics and SMEs performance. Keywords: entrepreneurial characteristics, entrepreneurial competencies, SMEs performance