bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevention paradox: Medical students are less inclined to prescribe HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis for patients in highest need
Authors: Calabrese Sarah K , Earnshaw Valerie A , Underhill Kristen , Krakower Douglas S , Magnus Manya , Hansen Nathan B , Mayer Kenneth H , Betancourt Joseph R , Kershaw Trace S , Dovidio John F 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIntroductionDespite healthcare providers’ growing awareness of pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), prescription rates remain low. PrEP is an efficacious HIV prevention strategy recommended for use with condoms but still protective in their absence. Concern about the impact of PrEP on condom use and other risk behaviour is, nonetheless, among the barriers to prescription commonly reported. To understand the implications of this concern for PrEP access, we examined how medical students’ willingness to prescribe PrEP varied by patients’ condom use and partnering practices. We also assessed the perceived acceptability of various reasons for condom discontinuation with PrEP.MethodsAn online survey was distributed to 854 medical students in the Northeastern US in 2015. Participants (n = 111) were surveyed about their willingness to prescribe PrEP for each of six male patients who systematically differed in their reported condom use (sustained use, sustained nonuse, or discontinuation with PrEP) and partnering practices (single male partner with untreated HIV or multiple male partners of unknown HIV status). Participants also reported perceived acceptability of four reasons for condom discontinuation: pleasure, sexual functioning, intimacy, and conception.ResultsWillingness to prescribe PrEP was inconsistent with patient risk: When the patient used condoms and planned to sustain condom use, most participants were willing to prescribe PrEP – 93% if the patient had a single partner and 86% if the patient had multiple partners. Fewer were willing to prescribe if the patient did not use condoms and planned to sustain nonuse (53% and 45%, respectively) or used condoms but planned to discontinue use (27% and 28%). Significantly fewer participants were willing to prescribe for a patient with multiple partners versus a single partner when the patient reported sustained condom use or sustained condom nonuse. The number of participants who were willing to prescribe was similarly low for a patient with multiple partners versus a single partner when the patient reported that he planned to discontinue condom use. More participants accepted a patient discontinuing condoms for conception (69%) than for intimacy (23%), pleasure (14%), or sexual functioning (13%).ConclusionMedical students’ clinical judgments were misaligned with patient risk and suggest misconceptions or personal values may undermine provision of optimal HIV prevention services.
A multifaceted approach to harness probiotics as antagonists on plant based foods, for enhanced benefits to be reaped at a global level
Authors: Karunaratne Anjani M 
Published: June 2018

AbstractInvestigations into probiotics have focused on their health benefits thus far, with some of the findings finally reaching the food and pharmaceutical industries, which have used them for commercial purposes. In biocontrol research some microbes, mainly isolated from plants, have shown antagonism towards both enteric and plant pathogens, and some of them represent probiotic species. Fresh fruits and vegetables are regarded as health‐promoting dietary constituents, and if probiotics could be used to control the pathogens on them then they could turn out to be even healthier. The fresh produce industry still depends on agrochemicals and the increase in the demand for high‐priced organically grown produce indicates consumer concerns regarding the use of agrochemicals. If the potential of probiotic organisms to serve as biocontrol agents for fresh produce is exploited, all fresh produce can be made as safe as organically grown produce, and much more wholesome. This review appraises the feasibility of such a move by evaluating how research has progressed in both disciplines (probiotic and biocontrol) and suggests sharing results from research via information technology, efficient collaboration, and the use of novel molecular biological tools to achieve the objective of probiotic antagonists. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparison of three different dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction modes performed on their most usual configurations for the extraction of phenolic, neutral aromatic, and amino compounds from waters
Authors: Saraji Mohammad , Ghambari Hoda 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this work we seek clues to select the appropriate dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction mode for extracting three categories of compounds. For this purpose, three common dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction modes were compared under optimized conditions. Traditional dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction, in situ ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction, and conventional ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction using chloroform, 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, and 1‐hexyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate as the extraction solvent, respectively, were considered in this work. Phenolic, neutral aromatic, and amino compounds (each category included six members) were studied as analytes. The analytes in the extracts were determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. For the analytes with polar functionalities, the in situ ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction mode mostly led to better results. In contrast, for neutral hydrocarbons without polar functionalities, traditional dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction using chloroform produced better results. In this case, where dispersion forces were the dominant interactions in the extraction, the refractive index of solvent and analyte predicted the extraction performance better than the octanol/water partition coefficient. It was also revealed that none of the methods were successful in extracting hydrophilic analytes (compounds with the log octanol/water partition coefficient <2). The results of this study could be helpful in selecting a dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction mode for the extraction of various groups of compounds.
Decellularized Periosteum‐Covered Chitosan Globule Composite for Bone Regeneration in Rabbit Femur Condyle Bone Defects
Authors: Ye Yiheng , Pang Yichuan , Zhang Zeng , Wu Congcong , Jin Jianfeng , Su Mingzhen , Pan Junle , Liu Yangbo , Chen Lei , Jin Keke 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCritical‐sized bone defects are incapable of self‐healing and are commonly seen in clinical practice. The authors explore a new treatment for this, decellularized periosteum is applied to chitosan globules (chitosan‐DP globules) as a hybrid material. The efficacy of chitosan‐DP globules on rabbit femoral condyle bone defects is assessed with biocompatibility, biomechanics, and osteogenic efficiency measurements, and compared with the results of chitosan globules and empty control. No difference in cytotoxicity is observed among chitosan‐DP globules, chitosan globules, and the empty control. Chitosan‐DP globules possesse a better surface for cell adhesion than did chitosan globules. Chitosan‐DP globules demonstrate superior efficiency for osteogenesis in the defect area compared to chitosan globules as per microcomputed tomography examination and push‐out testing, with relatively minor histological differences. Both chitosan globule groups show more satisfactory results than those for the empty control. The results implicate chitosan‐DP globules as a promising solution for bone defects.
Influence of agro‐environmental pollutants on a biocontrol strain of Bacillus velezensis
Authors: Vörös Mónika , Manczinger László , Kredics László , Szekeres András , Shine Kadaikunnan , Alharbi Naiyf S. , Khaled Jamal M. , Vágvölgyi Csaba 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMetal‐ and pesticide‐tolerant biocontrol agents are preferred in integrated pest management, as such strains can be applied in combination with different pesticides. The Bacillus velezensis strain SZMC 6161J proved to be sensitive to copper, nickel, zinc, and cadmium, while manganese elevated its growth. At concentrations higher than 1 mmol L−1, zinc and iron inhibited the chymotrypsin‐like activity of this strain. In addition, trypsin‐like protease and palmitoyl esterase activities were insensitive to all tested heavy metals in the applied concentration range. We studied the effects of some widely used herbicides and fungicides on the growth of this strain. The presence of sulfonylurea herbicides, like bensulfuron‐methyl, cinosulfuron, chlorsulfuron, ethoxysulfuron, triasulfuron, and primisulfuron‐methyl strongly inhibited the biomass production of the strain even at the concentration of 6.25 mg L−1. Glyphosate also inhibited the growth above 30 mg L−1. Similarly, contact fungicides like captan, maneb, mancozeb, and thiram resulted in total inhibition at the concentration as low as 6.25 mg L−1. Interestingly, the sterol‐biosynthesis‐inhibiting fungicides imazalil, fenarimol, penconazole, and tebuconazole also proved to be potent inhibitors. Heavy metal‐ and fungicide‐tolerant strains were isolated from the parental strain and their antagonistic abilities were evaluated. There was no substantial difference between the antagonism capability of wild‐type strain and the resistant mutants.
Identification of Comprehensive Metabotypes Associated with Cardiometabolic Diseases in the Population‐Based KORA Study
Authors: Riedl Anna , Wawro Nina , Gieger Christian , Meisinger Christa , Peters Annette , Roden Michael , Kronenberg Florian , Herder Christian , Rathmann Wolfgang , Völzke Henry , Reincke Martin , Koenig Wolfgang , Wallaschofski Henri , Hauner Hans , Daniel Hannelore , Linseisen Jakob 
Published: June 2018

Scope“Metabotyping” describes the grouping of metabolically similar individuals. We aimed to identify valid metabotypes in a large cohort for targeted dietary intervention, for example, for disease prevention.Methods and resultsWe grouped 1729 adults aged 32–77 years of the German population‐based KORA F4 study (2006–2008) using k‐means cluster analysis based on 34 biochemical and anthropometric parameters. We identified three metabolically distinct clusters showing significantly different biochemical parameter concentrations. Cardiometabolic disease status was determined at baseline in the F4 study and at the 7 year follow‐up termed FF4 (2013/2014) to compare disease prevalence and incidence between clusters. Cluster 3 showed the most unfavorable marker profile with the highest prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases. Also, disease incidence was higher in cluster 3 compared to clusters 2 and 1, respectively, for hypertension (41.2%/25.3%/18.2%), type 2 diabetes (28.3%/5.1%/2.0%), hyperuricemia/gout (10.8%/2.3%/0.7%), dyslipidemia (19.2%/18.3%/5.6%), all metabolic (54.5%/36.8%/19.7%), and all cardiovascular (6.3%/5.5%/2.3%) diseases together.ConclusionCluster analysis based on an extensive set of biochemical and anthropometric parameters allows the identification of comprehensive metabotypes that were distinctly different in cardiometabolic disease occurrence. As a next step, targeted dietary strategies should be developed with the goal of preventing diseases, especially in cluster 3.
Overexpression of a glutathione S‐transferase (Mdgst) and a galactosyltransferase‐like gene (Mdgt1) is responsible for imidacloprid resistance in house flies
Authors: Reid William R , Sun Haina , Becnel James J , Clark Andrew G , Scott Jeffrey G 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDNeonicotinoids are the largest class of insecticides and are used for control of house fly populations at animal production facilities throughout the world. There have been several reports of neonicotinoid resistance in house fly populations, but identification of the factors involved in resistance has proven challenging. The KS8S3 population of house flies is highly resistant to the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid due to two factors: one on chromosome 3 and one on chromosome 4.RESULTSA comparative transcriptomic approach was used, followed by validation using transgenic Drosophila melanogaster to investigate the genes responsible for resistance in the KS8S3 strain. Overexpression of a microsomal glutathione S‐transferase (Mdgst) was identified as the factor likely responsible for resistance on chromosome 3. Resistance on chromosome 4 appears to be due to an unidentified trans‐regulatory gene which causes overexpression of a galactosyltransferase‐like gene (Mdgt1). No single nucleotide polymorphisms were found that could be associated with imidacloprid resistance.CONCLUSIONIdentification of the underlying processes that cause imidacloprid resistance is an important first step towards the development of novel and sensitive resistance monitoring techniques. It will be valuable to investigate if overexpression of Mdgst and Mdgt1 are found in other imidacloprid resistant populations. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cell Based on Novel Star‐Shaped Ruthenium Polypyridyl Sensitizer: New Insight into the Relationship between Molecular Designing and Its Outstanding Charge Carrier Dynamics
Authors: Shahroosvand Hashem , Abbasi Parisa , Bideh Babak Nemati 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this work, we have introduced a star‐shaped sensitizer for dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) consist of three anchoring groups of benzene sulfonic acid with a significant improvement of interfacial electron transfer rate of dye/TiO2‐anatase nanostructures compared to corresponding sensitizers containing only one anchoring group. Physical chemistry aspect of the robust star‐shaped sensitizer has been investigated, employing the Current over Voltage analysis (I−V) and Transient Absorption Spectroscopy (TAS) methods.The computational studies based on density functional theory (DFT) and quantum calculations were clearly indicated that the rate of the Interfacial electron transfer (IET) significantly depends on the binding mode of a sensitizer to semiconductor surface and the nature of the electronic population in lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs) that initially localized on the adsorbate molecule, which is in a good agreement with experimental results. Our main result is that, among different possible binding modes of anchoring group to TiO2 surface, the bridging mode has the shortest life time of 28 fs in the presence of visible light as the excitation source. To investigate negative effect of the sensitizer molecules aggregation on TiO2 surface, on the performance of the cell, was examined the dye loading time on TiO2 surface for 10, 16 and 20 hours, which 16 hours of dye loading on surface exhibited the best DSSC performance. Moreover, transient absorption studies consistently show that the star‐shaped dye (consist of three anchoring groups) has better performance compared to the other dyes (consist of one anchoring groups) (1 and 3), in all aspects of critical parameters for DSSCs, including electron lifetime in TiO2, electron injection, dye regeneration and recombination resistance. The present work explains the fundamental physical chemistry aspects of the excited‐state in star‐shaped ruthenium polypyridyl complexes, along with opening new insight into the design of new sensitizers for enhancing the interfacial electron transfer rate and lowering the charge recombination process, which results in high power conversion efficiency of DSSC.
Facile preparation of a chicken feet yellow membrane coated fiber for application in solid‐phase microextraction
Authors: Farrokhzadeh Samaneh , Razmi Habib 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis work introduces a novel fiber based on chicken feet yellow membrane as a new coating material for application in solid‐phase microextraction methods for the first time. The chicken feet yellow membrane suspension was easily prepared and coated on the surface of an end‐closed glass tube through the dip‐coating procedure. The coating material was characterized by using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction techniques. The performance of the prepared fiber was evaluated thorough the solid‐phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. Under the optimized experimental conditions, linearity of responses were obtained in the range 0.005–100.0 μg L−1 with the determination coefficients 0.996–0.998. The limits of detection varied between 1.44 and 18.32 ng L−1 and relative standard deviation values was obtained in the range 4.4–8.2%. The intended method was employed for the study of the real samples with reasonable recoveries values ranged between 80 and 110%. The analytical performance of new fiber suggests promising prospects in sample preparation due to easy fabrication, low cost, environmentally friendly, chemical and mechanical stability, high extraction efficiency, long life span, and easy operation.
Progress on Reconstructed Human Skin Models for Allergy Research and Identifying Contact Sensitizers
Authors: Rodrigues Neves Charlotte , Gibbs Susan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractContact with the skin is inevitable or desirable for daily life products such as cosmetics, hair dyes, perfumes, drugs, household products, and industrial and agricultural products. Whereas the majority of these products are harmless, a number can become metabolized and/or activate the immunological defense via innate and adaptive mechanisms resulting in sensitization and allergic contact dermatitis upon following exposures to the same substance. Therefore, strict safety (hazard) assessment of actives and ingredients in products and drugs applied to the skin is essential to determine I) whether the chemical is a potential sensitizer and if so II) what is the safe concentration for human exposure to prevent sensitization from occurring. Ex vivo skin is a valuable model for skin penetration studies but due to logistical and viability limitations the development of in vitro alternatives is required. The aim of this review is to give a clear overview of the organotypic in vitro skin models (reconstructed human epidermis, reconstructed human skin, immune competent skin models incorporating Langerhans Cells and T-cells, skin-on-chip) that are currently commercially available or which are being used in a laboratory research setting for hazard assessment of potential sensitizers and for investigating the mechanisms (sensitization key events 1–4) related to allergic contact dermatitis. The limitations of the models, their current applications, and their future potential in replacing animals in allergy-related science are discussed.
Traits and values as predictors of the frequency of everyday behavior: Comparison between models and levels
Authors: Skimina Ewa , Cieciuch Jan , Strus Włodzimierz 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe aims of this study were to compare (a) personality traits vs personal values, (b) Five-Factor Model (FFM) vs HEXACO model of personality traits, and (c) broad vs narrow personality constructs in terms of their relationship with the frequency of everyday behaviors. These relationships were analyzed at three organizational levels of self-reported behavior: (a) single behavioral acts, (b) behavioral components (empirically derived categories of similar behaviors), and (c) two higher-order factors. The study was conducted on a Polish sample (N = 532, age range 16–72). We found that (a) even the frequencies of single behavioral acts were related to various personality constructs instead of one narrow trait or value, (b) personality traits and personal values were comparable as predictors of a wide range of everyday behaviors, (c) HEXACO correlated with the frequency of behaviors slightly higher than FFM, and (d) narrow and broad personality constructs did not differ substantially as predictors of everyday behavior at the levels of acts and components, but at the level of higher-order behavioral factors, broad personality measures were better predictors than narrow ones.
Designing crowdsourced delivery systems: The effect of driver disclosure and ethnic similarity
Authors: Ta Ha , Esper Terry L. , Hofer Adriana Rossiter 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCrowdsourced delivery is a service operations model that has proliferated in recent years, bringing unique opportunities and challenges to online retail operations. In particular, new technology enabled features, such as the disclosure of delivery drivers' identities, introduce a social dimension prior to delivery service encounters that might influence customers' service quality expectations and ultimately impact their attitudes towards the retailers. Building on premises of social identity theory, this research investigates effects of various crowdsourced delivery system designs related to driver disclosure and ethnicity on customers' attitudes towards the drivers and retailers. Using data from a scenario‐based experiment with 761 participants across two studies, we find that crowdsourced delivery designs that disclose drivers' identity increase customers' trust, satisfaction, and repurchase intentions only when customers perceive the drivers to be similar to them, particularly with regard to ethnicity. The designs that offer driver choice options are also found to be highly regarded by customers. In addition, the similarity effects of crowdsourced delivery designs differ depending on certain customer characteristics. Overall, our research shows crowdsourced delivery ‐ as a technology‐driven phenomenon ‐ may portend unexpected and challenging social dilemmas for operations managers. Our findings contribute to emerging research on the intersection of service design, technology management, and the sharing economy.
“We Are Not Criminals”: Sex Work Clients in Canada and the Constitution of Risk Knowledge
Authors: Sterling Andrea , van der Meulen Emily 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWhile Canada has long criminalized aspects of sex work, the specific act of purchasing sexual services was not against the lawper se.In 2014, however, the then Conservative government implemented new legislation targeting sex work clients. Given the criminalization and persistent stigmatization of their activities, assessing clients’ changing actions, perceptions, and knowledge of the new legislation is challenging. We thus turned to a major Canadian online sex work review forum to examine postings on forum threads. This paper examines the risk knowledge practices in which clients engage as they try to make sense of the modified legal regime and avoid new legal risks. Our findings illuminate clients’ varied understandings of their own criminalization.