bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geometric vs. traditional morphometric methods for exploring morphological variation of tadpoles at early developmental stages
Authors: Ilić Marija , Jojić Vida , Stamenković Gorana , Marković Vanja , Simić Vladica , Paunović Momir , Crnobrnja-Isailović Jelka 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We conducted a comparative (2D landmark-based geometric and traditional) morphometric analysis on tadpoles at early developmental stages. Two species of brown frog (Rana dalmatina and R. temporaria) and the common toad (Bufo bufo) were involved, all raised in the laboratory from fertilized eggs collected in their natural habitat. Taxonomic identification was confirmed by the DNA barcoding method with the 16S rRNA sequence as the gene marker. Interested to compare the methodologies for quantification and description of morphological differences among tadpoles of mentioned species, we aimed to: 1) calculate interspecies genetic distances as the most relevant measurement for species differentiation, 2) determine and describe size and shape variation, 3) identify relationships among the analyzed species at the morphological level and 4) assess their classification accuracy. Within the framework of the specified aims, both methodologies produced very similar results, i.e., the smallest divergence was between R. dalmatina and R. temporaria, while the most discriminative were B. bufo and R. temporaria. However, we observed subtle shape variation of the distal region of the tail that was detected only by the geometric morphometrics. Our findings support the following. Geometric morphometric method captures more subtle shape differences that were unable to be recovered from linear measurements. It performs slightly better in classification rate. Although it was not quantified, it stands to reason that there is no difference in time investment between the two approaches. Geometric morphometrics provides more information that can be leveraged to answer further questions and it has a clear advantage in visualizing.
Introduction to Henryk Grossman’s ‘A New Theory of Imperialism and the Social Revolution’
Authors: Kuhn Rick 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Characterisations of Henryk Grossman as a theorist of capitalism’s automatic collapse and political passivity are false. Even before the publication of his principal work, Grossman had linked his recovery of Marx’s account of capitalism’s tendency to break down to his own, interventionist, Leninist politics. This is apparent in his substantial critique of Fritz Sternberg’s influential 1926 book, Imperialism. Grossman’s article (DOI 10.1163/1569206X-12341756) also restates fundamental aspects of Marx’s value theory, class analysis and account of wages.
Once More on the Subject of Herakleian Amphorae with Stamps of the Manufacturer Etymos
Authors: Monakhov Sergeï Yu. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The author of the article considers the question of the chronology of Herakleian stamps used by the manufacturer Etymos, who for the last twenty years has traditionally been assigned a date from the late-4th/early-3rd century BC. An analysis of a series of assemblages with the stamps of this manufacturer has made it possible to assign him a reliable date within the period 340-330 BC.
Extractive distribution in Pseudotsuga menziesii: effects on cell wall porosity in sapwood and heartwood
Authors: Donaldson Lloyd A. , Singh Adya , Raymond Laura , Hill Stefan , Schmitt Uwe 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) has distinctly colored heartwood as a result of extractive deposition during heartwood formation. This is known to affect natural durability and treatability with preservatives, as well as other types of wood modification involving infiltration with chemicals. The distribution of extractives in sapwood and heartwood of Douglas-fir was studied using fluorescence microscopy. Several different types of extractive including flavonoids, resin acids, and tannins were localized to heartwood cell walls, resin canals, and rays, using autofluorescence or staining of flavonoids with Naturstoff A reagent. Extractives were found to infiltrate the cell walls of heartwood tracheids and were also present to a lesser extent in sapwood tracheid cell walls, especially in regions adjacent to the resin canals. Förster resonance energy transfer measurements showed that the accessibility of lignin lining cell wall micropores to rhodamine dye was reduced by about 50%, probably as a result of cell wall-bound tannin-like materials which accumulate in heartwood relative to sapwood, and are responsible for the orange color of the heartwood. These results indicate that micro-distribution of heartwood extractives affects cell wall porosity which is reduced by the accumulation of heartwood extractives in softwood tracheid cell walls.
Can We Recover Gnosis Today?
Authors: Shaw Gregory 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This paper attempts to redefine what we mean by “gnosis.” It begins with a critique of scholars who—in order to maintain their supposed objectivity—avoid wrestling with the subjective experience of gnosis. They reduce gnosis to its literary, political, and religious contexts, and their explanation of these influences passes for our scholarly understanding of gnosis. Yet gnosis remains unknown to them. Once we dare to explore gnosis as a transforming experience, we can recognize it outside of the historical context of the late antique world. What, then, is the gnostic experience? Following Frances Yates, I suggest that there are two kinds of gnosis: the pessimistic, dualist, and anti-cosmic gnosis, and the optimistic, non-dual gnosis that sees the material cosmos as divine. I trace the lineage of this non-dual gnosis from Neoplatonic theurgists who speak of an “innate gnosis” that allows us to see the world as theophany, to its expression in our own American Gnostic, Ralph Waldo Emerson.
Constructing a Multifrequency Passive Microwave Hail Retrieval and Climatology in the GPM Domain
Authors: Bang Sarah D. , Cecil Daniel J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLarge hail is a primary contributor to damages and loss around the world, in both agriculture and infrastructure. The sensitivity of passive microwave radiometer measurements to scattering by hail led to the development of proxies for severe hail, most of which use brightness temperature thresholds from 37-GHz and higher-frequency microwave channels on board weather satellites in low-Earth orbit. Using 16+ years of data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM; 36°S–36°N), we pair TRMM brightness temperature–derived precipitation features with surface hail reports in the United States to train a hail retrieval on passive microwave data from the 10-, 19-, 37-, and 85-GHz channels based on probability curves fit to the microwave data. We then apply this hail retrieval to features in the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) domain (from 69°S to 69°N) to develop a nearly global passive microwave–based climatology of hail. The extended domain of the GPM satellite into higher latitudes requires filtering out features that we believe are over icy and snowy surface regimes. We also normalize brightness temperature depression by tropopause height in an effort to account for differences in storm depth between the tropics and higher latitudes. Our results show the highest hail frequencies in the region of northern Argentina through Paraguay, Uruguay, and southern Brazil; the central United States; and a swath of Africa just south of the Sahel. Smaller hot spots include Pakistan, eastern India, and Bangladesh. A notable difference between these results and many prior satellite-based studies is that central Africa, while still active in our climatology, does not rival the aforementioned regions in retrieved hailstorm frequency.
Ice Microphysical Properties near the Tops of Deep Convective Cores Implied by the GPM Dual-Frequency Radar Observations
Authors: Ni Xiang , Liu Chuntao , Zipser Edward 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Using three years of observations from the Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) aboard the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Core Observatory, properties of the cores of deep convection are examined. First, deep convective systems are selected, defined as GPM precipitation features with maximum 20-dBZ echo-top heights above 10 km. The cores of deep convection are described by the profiles of Ku- and Ka-band radar reflectivity at the location of the highest echo top in each deep convective system. Then the dual-frequency ratio (DFR) profile is derived by subtracting Ka-band from Ku-band radar reflectivity. It is found that values of DFR are larger over land than over ocean in general near the top of the convection, which is consistent with larger ice particles in stronger updrafts in continental convection. The magnitude of DFR at 12 km is positively correlated with the convection intensity indicated by 20- and 30-dBZ echo tops. The microphysical properties including volume-weighted mean diameter, ice water content, and total ice particle number concentration are derived using a simple lookup table approach. Under the same particle size distribution assumption, the cores of deep convection over land have larger ice particle size, higher ice water content, and lower particle concentration than those over ocean at levels above 10 km, but with some distinct regional variations.
Classification of Medicaid Coverage on Birth Records in Wisconsin, 2011-2012
Authors: Mallinson David C. , Ehrenthal Deborah B. 
Published: July 2019

Objectives: In 2011, Wisconsin introduced the 2003 Revision of the US Standard Certificate of Live Birth, which includes a variable for principal payer. This variable could help in estimating Medicaid coverage for delivery services, but its accuracy in most states is not known. Our objective was to validate Medicaid payer classification on Wisconsin birth records. Methods: We linked 128 141 Wisconsin birth records (2011-2012 calendar years) to 54 600 Medicaid claims. Using claims as the gold standard, we measured the payer variable’s validity (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value [PPV], negative predictive value [NPV]) overall and by maternal age, race/ethnicity, education, facility delivery volume, and the Medicaid proportion of facility delivery volume. Multivariable log-binomial regression tested the association between each characteristic and payer misclassification among Medicaid-paid births. Results: Of 128 141 birth records, 50 652 (39.5%) indicated Medicaid as the principal payer and 54 600 (42.6%) linked to a Medicaid claim. The birth record misclassified 10 007 of 54 600 (18.3%) Medicaid-paid births as non-Medicaid and 6059 of 73 541 (8.2%) non-Medicaid births as Medicaid-paid. The payer variable was less sensitive (81.7%) than specific (91.8%), and PPV and NPV were similar (∼88%). Sensitivity was highest among mothers who were Hispanic, had no high school diploma, or delivered in Medicaid-majority delivery facilities. Maternal age ≥40, maternal education >high school, and delivering in a non–Medicaid-majority delivery facility were positively associated with payer misclassification among Medicaid-paid births. Conclusion: Differential misclassification of principal payer in the birth record may bias risk surveillance of Medicaid deliveries.
Prevalence of unmet needs for spasticity management in care home residents in the East Midlands, United Kingdom: a cross-sectional observational study
Authors: Edwards Laura , Ellis Benjamin , Donnellan Clare , Osman Hanan , Haboubi Naseer , Jones Michael , Sunman Wayne , Pinnington Lorraine , Phillips Margaret Frances 
Published: July 2019

Objective: To establish the prevalence of unmet need for spasticity management in care home residents in two counties of the United Kingdom. Design: Cross-sectional observational study with a six-month follow-up arm for participants with identified unmet needs. Setting: 22 care homes in Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire. Subjects: 60 care home residents with upper motor neuron syndrome–related spasticity. Interventions: No intervention. When unmet needs around spasticity management were identified, the participant’s general practitioner was advised of these in writing. Main measures: Resistance to Passive Movement Scale to assess spasticity; recording of (a) the presence of factors which may aggravate spasticity, (b) potential complications of spasticity, (c) spasticity-related needs and (d) current interventions to manage spasticity. Two assessors judged the presence or absence of needs for spasticity management and whether these needs were met by current care. Results: Out of 60 participants, 14 had no spasticity-related needs; 46 had spasticity-related needs; 11 had needs which were being met by current care and 35 participants had spasticity-related needs at baseline which were not being met by their current care. These were most frequently related to the risk of contracture development or problems with skin hygiene or integrity in the upper limb. In total, 6 participants had one or more pressure sores and 35 participants had one or more established joint contractures. A total of 31 participants were available for follow-up. Informing general practitioners of unmet needs resulted in no change to spasticity management in 23/31 cases. Conclusion: Care home residents in this study had high levels of unmet need for spasticity management.
Integration of traditional and western treatment approaches in mental health care in Pacific Island Countries
Authors: Blignault Ilse , Kaur Arshdeep 
Published: July 2019

Objective: To explore the extent of integration of traditional and western approaches in mental health care in Pacific Island Countries (PICs). Method: Examination of national mental health policies and literature review. Results: Traditional healers were included as resources for mental health in four of the seven policies that we were able to access. While their role in mental health care is widely acknowledged in the literature, there are few empirical studies exploring integration. Conclusion: Local research on integrative mental health care is needed to guide mental health policy and service development in PICs. Any research must include the full range of formal and informal service providers as well as patients and families.
Long-term functional and anatomical evolution in surgically closed macular holes with internal limiting membrane peeling
Authors: Eymard Pauline , Le Mer Yannick 
Published: July 2019

Introduction: The aim of this study was to describe the long-term evolution of macular retinal thickness and visual acuity in patients who present surgically closed full-thickness macular hole, operated by vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling. Methods: A retrospective observational study of patients operated for full-thickness macular hole with closure of the hole and at least 6 months of post-operative follow-up was performed. All patients had pars plana vitrectomy, peeling of the internal limiting membrane, gas filling and positioning. Comparison of the early post-operative (in the first 5 months) visual acuity and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography-measured macular thickness with late post-operative data (between 6 months and 6 years) was performed. Foveal retinal thickness and temporal and nasal retinal thickness between 1 and 3 mm from the centre were recorded. Results: In total, 35 eyes of 34 patients were included, with an early post-operative measure realized at a mean of 1.8 months and a late measure done at a mean of 25.5 months (7–73 months). Foveal thickness stayed unchanged (282 vs 288 µm), nasal parafoveal thickness remained increased compared to normal and stayed constant (345 vs 345 µm) and temporal parafoveal macular thickness was decreased (313 vs 308 µm) ( p = 0.028). Best-corrected visual acuity was improved by the surgery and the gain increased over time. Conclusion: Internal limiting membrane peeling improves anatomical success of full-thickness macular hole, but this procedure is not without long-term scalable consequences on macular thickness on the temporal quadrant (thinning) as on the nasal quadrant (thickening).
Supporting family carers of children and adults with intellectual disability
Authors: Kelly Caraíosa , Craig Sarah , McConkey Roy 
Published: July 2019

Summary The extra strains experienced by families who care for a relative with intellectual disabilities are well documented. The provision of overnight (respite) breaks or supports in the home are common ways of supporting family carers. Often demand exceeds supply. Using data from a national register in Ireland, child and adults who received overnight breaks and in-home support were identified along with the characteristics that distinguished them from families that did not have these services. Moreover, changes in provision over a 10-year period were monitored and variations in provision across the country were ascertained. Findings Overnight breaks were the dominant form of family support in Ireland. However, they were available to fewer persons in 2017 compared to 2007, whereas the provision of home supports remained constant. Persons with severe and profound disabilities were those most likely to receive home supports or overnight breaks as were persons aged 30 years and over. There were persistent marked differences across the country in the provision of home supports, although the variation in the usage of overnight breaks had contracted somewhat in 2017. Applications Additional investment is needed to provide supports for families, given the increasing numbers of persons with intellectual disabilities living at home. A wider range of support options would provide greater choice and arguably improve the cost-effectiveness of current resources. Frontline professionals, such as social workers, need to be to the fore in persuading service commissioners of these needs based on empirical data as well as their personal experiences.
Eating Disorders in Males: An 8-Year Population-Based Observational Study
Authors: Jaworski Mariusz , Panczyk Mariusz , Śliwczyński Andrzej , Brzozowska Melania , Janaszek Katarzyna , Małkowski Piotr , Gotlib Joanna 
Published: July 2019

The objective of the study was the realistic evaluation of the prevalence of eating disorders (ED) among Polish men who sought treatment through the National Health Fund (NFZ) in the years 2010–2017. According to ICD-10, four types of ED were analyzed: anorexia nervosa—AN (F50.0), atypical anorexia nervosa (F50.1), bulimia nervosa—BN (F50.2), and atypical bulimia nervosa (F50.3). The NFZ database was used. The ED groups were defined according to ICD-10 codes. Demographic data were collected from the web page of Statistics Poland (GUS). The annual prevalence of EDs was estimated, and the age groups were categorized into nine groups. For the incidence of EDs in male patients in the years 2010–2017, relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was calculated. The frequency trend of AN in males remains relatively stable. AN occurred mainly in young men (between 11 and 30 years). It was noted that AN affected approximately 100 men in each year of observation, while atypical anorexia nervosa affected about 40 men. In 2017, the RR for EDs in young males was 0.041 (95% CI [0.033, 0.051]). Bulimia was relatively rare (about 35 males each year). The incidence of EDs in males is a relatively constant phenomenon. The real number of male patients with EDs may be higher. The current conceptualizations of ED pathology should be modified and better adapted to men. Clinical guidelines for specialists working with males with EDs should be developed.
Low back pain websites do not meet the needs of consumers: A study of online resources at three time points
Authors: Costa Nathalia , Nielsen Mandy , Jull Gwendolen , Claus Andrew P , Hodges Paul W 
Published: July 2019

Background: The popularity of the Internet as a source of health-related information for low back pain (LBP) is growing. Although research has evaluated information quality in health-related websites, few studies have considered whether content and presentation match consumer preferences. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether LBP website content and presentation matched preferences of consumers with LBP, whether matching preference of consumers changed over 8 years as recognition of people-centred healthcare has developed and whether this differs between countries of Internet searching. Method: The most prominent and top 20 LBP websites were identified using common search engines in 2010, 2015 and 2018. Websites identified in the top 20 in 2010 were followed up if not identified in 2015 and 2018. Two reviewers independently evaluated websites with a 16-item checklist developed from research of consumer preferences. In 2015, websites were identified using searches conducted using IP addresses from Australia, the United States of America (USA), the United Kingdom and Canada. After removal of duplicates, 55 websites were evaluated in 2010. In 2015 and 2018, 33 and 28 new sites, respectively, were identified, and 37 previous websites were re-evaluated. Results: In 2010 and 2015, websites predominantly originated from USA and were sponsored by “for-profit” organisations. In 2018, most websites originated from Australian “not-for-profit” organisations. None of the websites provided information on all content areas. At least 55% of websites were rated as poor or fair. No site rated as excellent overall. There was some worsening over time. Country of search did not affect results. Conclusion: Websites retrieved using typical searches did not meet information and presentation preferences of people with LBP.
Reporting Skill: The Missing Ingredient in Concussion Reporting Intention Assessment
Authors: Warmath Dee , Winterstein Andrew P. 
Published: July 2019

Background: Extant literature suggests that a substantial portion of athletes may not report a possible concussion and that concussion knowledge is insufficient to predict concussion reporting behavior. One area that has not been explored is reporting skill; that is, mastery of the actions required to report a concussion. This study evaluated the relationship between reporting skill and reporting intention, introducing a measure of the reporting skill construct. Hypotheses: Reporting intentions will be more closely associated with reporting skill than with concussion/symptom knowledge. The relationship between concussion (or symptom) knowledge and reporting intentions will differ by level of reporting skill. Study Design: Repeated cross-sectional study. Level of Evidence: Level 2. Methods: A set of items was administered to young adults aged 18 to 24 years from the Survey Sampling International panel. Exploratory/confirmatory factor analyses were conducted on 2 waves of data to develop the scale (n = 899). Hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling on the responses from the third wave of participants (n = 406). Results: Knowing the actions to take in reporting was more important than having knowledge of concussions or concussion symptoms. Reporting skill, not concussion or concussion symptom knowledge, was associated with higher intentions to report symptoms. Among those with higher levels of reporting skill, concussion symptom knowledge (but not general concussion knowledge) was associated with higher intentions to report symptoms. Conclusion: Reporting skill is an important and, until now, missing ingredient in the concussion literature and practice. Clinical Relevance: Incorporating reporting skill development in concussion education and team activities to teach athletes how to report is likely to improve actual reporting intentions. While further study is needed with particular sports and additional age groups, reporting skill holds promise as a new avenue for increased concussion reporting.