bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular characterization of organic aerosol in the Himalayas: insight from ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: An Yanqing , Xu Jianzhong , Feng Lin , Zhang Xinghua , Liu Yanmei , Kang Shichang , Jiang Bin , Liao Yuhong 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. An increased trend in aerosol concentration has been observed in the
Himalayas in recent years, but the understanding of the chemical composition
and sources of aerosol remains poorly understood. In this study, molecular
chemical composition of water-soluble organic matter (WSOM) from two filter
samples collected during two high aerosol loading periods (denoted as P1 and
P2) at a high-altitude station (Qomolangma Station, QOMS;
4276 m a.s.l.) in the northern Himalayas was identified using
electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass
spectrometry (ESI-FTICR MS). More than 4000 molecular formulas were
identified in each filter sample which were classified into two compound
groups (CHO and CHON) based on their elemental composition, with both
accounting for nearly equal contributions in number (45 %–55 %).
The relative abundance weighted mole ratio of O∕Cw for P1 and P2
was 0.43 and 0.39, respectively, and the weighted double bond equivalents
(DBEw), an index for the saturation of organic molecules, were 7.12 and
7.87, respectively. Although the O∕Cw mole ratio was comparable for
CHO and CHON compounds, the DBEw was significantly higher in CHON
compounds than CHO compounds. More than 50 % molecular formulas in the Van
Krevelen (VK) diagram (H∕C vs. O∕C) were located in 1–1.5 (H∕C) and 0.2–0.6
(O∕C) regions, suggesting potential lignin-like compounds. The distributions
of CHO and CHON compounds in the VK diagram, DBE vs. number of C atoms, and other
diagnostic diagrams showed high similarities among each other, suggesting
their similar source and/or atmospheric processes. Many formulas formed from
biogenic volatile organic compounds (e.g., ozonolysis of α-pinene
products) and biomass-burning-emitted compounds (e.g., phenolic compounds)
were found in the WSOM, suggesting the important contribution of these two
sources in the Himalayas. The high DBE and high fraction of nitrogen-containing aerosol can potentially impact aerosol light absorption in this
remote region. Further comprehensive study is needed due to the complexity of
organic aerosol and limited molecular number identified in this study.
Accommodation space indicates dune development potential along an urbanized and frequently nourished coastline
Authors: Nolet Corjan , Riksen Michel J. P. M. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. With densely populated areas well below mean sea level, the
Netherlands relies heavily on its dunes to ensure coastal safety. About half of the sandy
coastline, however, is subject to structural marine erosion and requires frequent sand
nourishment as a counteractive measure. A key component of present-day coastal safety
policy is creating favorable conditions for natural dune development. These conditions
essentially involve (1) a steady supply of wind-blown sand towards (2) a wide
accommodation space where sand can accumulate and dunes are sheltered from frequent storm
surge impacts. This paper examines to what extent an experimental mega-scale beach
nourishment (termed Zandmotor in Dutch) has contributed to creating
accommodation space favorable for dune development. Using publicly available airborne
lidar data and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery, favorable accommodation space is identified
by comparing recent changes in coastal morphology against dune vegetation-cover dynamics.
With a focus on European marram grass (Ammophila arenaria) as the most prominent
dune-building species, this paper demonstrates that the Zandmotor supports an
especially high potential for incipient (embryo) dunes to develop as most of its
favorable accommodation space is located on the beach. However, considering the
conditions required for successful marram grass establishment as well as persistent
anthropogenic disturbances arising from recreation and nature management practices, it is
not likely that dune development along this urbanized coastline reaches its full
potential.
POSIÇÕES SUBJETIVAS EM TEXTOS INFANTIS: EM BUSCA DO DESCOLAMENTO DO TEXTO BASE
Authors: Francisco Carla da Silva , Souza Sheila Perina 
Published: January 2019

Inspirados nas pesquisas de Riolfi e Magalhães (2008) e Riolfi e Costa (2011) que têm analisado marcas subjetivas em textos de crianças, neste trabalho buscaremos refletir acerca da presença da singularidade em textos de crianças a partir de uma proposta de produção. Para isso analisaremos 40 textos, produzidos para Prova São Paulo de 2017, da Secretaria Municipal de Educação de SP, por crianças do 3º ano de duas escolas públicas da zona leste de São Paulo. As escolas apresentam níveis socioeconômicos distintos, apesar de poucas variações, de acordo com o Indicador de Nível Socioeconômico (INSE) do INEP. Utilizando-nos das modalizações agenciamento da singularidade de Riolfi e Magalhães (2008), como categorias de análise, buscamos compreender como as crianças agenciam sua subjetividade de modo a se e descolarem do texto “esperado” nos diferentes contextos sociais em que suas escolas estão inseridas. A pesquisa nos revela que mesmo mediante propostas de produção prescritivas e das tentativas por padronizar as escritas infantis, as crianças, de distintos contextos, apresentam marcas de subjetividade em suas produções, porém, sem atingir o pleno descolamento, típico de um processo de separação (LACAN, 1993).
Indledning: Sekterisme før, under og efter de arabiske revolter
Authors: Christensen Tina Dransfeldt 
Published: January 2019

I stedet for et abstract er her begyndelsen på indledningen:
Sunni-shiasekterismens betydning for det politiske liv i Mellemøsten har de senere år optaget både forskere, politikere og journalister, og i den bredere offentlige debat udpeges modsætningen mellem sunni- og shiaislam ofte til at være en central konfliktlinje i regionens politiske liv. Men hvilken og hvor stor en rolle spiller sekterisme i Mellemøsten i dag? Er sekterisk politik i dag drevet af en historisk konflikt mellem sunni- og shiamuslimer, som kan føres helt tilbage til profeten Muhammads død og slaget ved Kerbala i 680, eller er der snarere tale om, at magthavere bruger sekterisme som mobiliseringsstrategi for at fremme egne politiske, økonomiske, sociale og religiøse interesser?
Det er nogle af disse spørgsmål, som dette nummer af Tidsskrift for Islamforskning stiller skarpt på. Det internationale forskningsprojekt Sectarianism in the Wake of the Arab Revolts (SWAR) ved Aarhus Universitet har siden august 2015 og frem til februar 2019 undersøgt årsagerne bag, former for og konsekvenserne af den såkaldte nye sekterisme i Mellemøsten efter de arabiske revolter.[...]
Pigments photosynthétiques, enzymes antioxydantes et potentiel osmotique foliaire de dix génotypes de blé dur (Triticum durum) : effet du stress hydrique
Authors: Bouchemal Karima , Bouldjadj Ryma , Belbekri Mohamed Nadir , Ykhlef Nadia , Djekoun Abdelhamid 
Published: January 2019

L’ajustement osmotique, les pigments photosynthétiques et les changements d’activités des antioxydants enzymatiques ont été évalués chez dix génotypes de blé dur (Triticum durum) soumis à des conditions de stress hydrique. Les plantules de blé ont germé en hydroponie, en chambre de culture. Le stress hydrique a été appliqué aux quatrième et cinquième stades de la feuille par l’ajout d’une solution de polyéthylène glycol (PEG 6000) (-0,49 MPa). Le potentiel osmotique ainsi que la teneur en chlorophylle totale (Chl a+b) et en caroténoïdes (Car) ont été déterminés. Des analyses électrophorétiques ont été effectuées pour trois enzymes antioxydantes, soit la superoxyde dismutase (SOD), la guaïacol peroxydase (GPOX) et la catalase (CAT), en utilisant l’électrophorèse sur gel de polyacrylamide (PAGE) en conditions natives. Les résultats obtenus montrent une réduction du potentiel osmotique foliaire et une diminution de Chl a+b et Car sous l’effet du stress hydrique. Toutefois, il existe des différences significatives entre les génotypes étudiés en réponse au traitement imposé. PAGE a permis de montrer une augmentation dans l’intensité des enzymes étudiées et une apparition d’isoformes supplémentaires, dont une de CAT et trois de SOD, en conditions de stress. Ces différences dans les réponses au stress hydrique pourraient être des indices utiles et fiables pour la sélection de génotypes tolérants de blé dur.
Évaluation de maladies racinaires du soya dans des champs de la Montérégie en 2014 et 2015
Authors: Faucher Yvan , Rioux Sylvie , Bourget Nicole , Thibaudeau Sylvie , Duval Brigitte , Mathieu Stéphanie , Breton Ann-Marie , O’Donoughue Louise 
Published: January 2019

Un inventaire des maladies racinaires du soya causées par des champignons et des oomycètes a été réalisé en 2014 et 2015 dans 80 champs situés en Montérégie et 4 au Centre-du-Québec. Douze plantules au stade de deux feuilles trifoliées ont été prélevées par champ pour évaluer l’état sanitaire de leurs racines (indice racinaire) selon une échelle de 1 à 5 (1 = belles racines abondantes ; 5 = nécroses et peu de racines), et pour révéler dans ces racines, à l’aide de techniques de mise en culture, la présence de champignons et d’oomycètes pathogènes. L’indice racinaire moyen pour l’ensemble des champs était de 2,6 en 2014 et 3,2 en 2015. Des espèces de Pythium et de Fusarium étaient présentes dans presque 100 % des champs chaque année, alors que Rhizoctonia solani et Thielaviopsis basicola ont été plus abondants en 2015 (88 % des champs) qu’en 2014 (52 %). Phytophthora sojae n’a été isolé d’aucune racine, mais l’a été à partir des sols de 37 % des champs. Les espèces de Fusarium les plus fréquentes étaient F. solani, F. oxysporum et F. equiseti, présentes dans au moins 60 % des champs. La méthode d’analyse « stepwise » a sélectionné trois facteurs pour expliquer la variation de l’indice racinaire, dont deux ont montré des différences significatives entre leurs niveaux, soit le type de semence (indice plus élevé pour non-OGM que pour OGM) et le nombre d’années en culture de soya au cours des quatre dernières années (indice augmentant avec le nombre d’années). Le travail du sol a été le seul facteur sélectionné pour expliquer la variation des Fusarium totaux (somme diminuant avec l’intensité du travail de sol).
« Un pays, une langue, une ville ? »
Authors: Michaud-Lapointe Alice 
Published: January 2019

De quelle(s) langue(s) naît-on, et comment ? Il y a la langue-Mère, celle qui arrive comme un don, puis la seconde langue, celle dont on s’éprend et qui bouleverse les affects et les souvenirs. Chez Hélène Cixous, et plus particulièrement dans Une autobiographie allemande et Gare d’Osnabrück à Jérusalem, les langues apprises et rêvées se superposent dans l’écriture autobiographique : Allemagne et Algérie se fondent, la ville d’Oran ressurgit dans celle d’Osnabrück (ou Jérusalem), les syllabes de l’allemand, de l’anglais et du français miroitent et se réfléchissent dans la parole. La question de l’appartenance, pour l’écrivaine, ne relève jamais de l’ordre du territoire fixe, mais creuse plutôt les fluidités temporelles et l’hybridité mémorielle. Cet article propose une analyse des « zones-frontières » du récit de soi cixousien à travers l’image de la torsade, qui se trouve au fondement même de la pratique d’écriture autobiographique de l’écrivaine. Par le chemin de « l’inventer vrai » où se côtoient jeux temporels et non-savoirs, Cixous entreprend une traversée identitaire et qui interroge la figure de la langue-Mère, de la mort en revenance, ainsi que l’idée de « vérité vécue » prise comme voyage fantasmé. Cet essai se consacre aux modalités de l’écriture de Cixous, écriture capable de s’infiltrer subrepticement dans les lézardes et les fissures d’une mémoire personnelle dont il faut textuellement lier et délier, tresser et détresser les fils afin de saisir toute sa complexité.
Relaciones de género en la sociedad posmoderna: percepciones y actitudes de estudiantes jóvenes sobre las relaciones de poder en las parejas
Authors: Jiménez-Delgado María , De-Gracia-Soriano Pablo , Jareño-Ruiz Diana , González-Chouciño Mariano Agustín 
Published: February 2019

Este artículo presenta resultados de un proyecto que nace de la inquietud de un instituto público de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) por conocer cómo son las relaciones de género entre su alumnado. El marco teórico que contribuye a contextualizar los resultados expuestos está centrado en las teorías del poder, del amor y los afectos, y del impacto de las TIC. El objetivo del estudio es diagnosticar cómo se expresan las relaciones de poder en las parejas en centros educativos. De esta manera, se espera poder obtener y plantear elementos que permitan a los centros generar estrategias para la acción futura a partir de los marcos emocionales de las relaciones de poder en las parejas. Con este fin se ha diseñado una herramienta cuantitativa que contribuye a la evaluación de cómo son estas relaciones. El cuestionario ha sido aplicado a una muestra de 140 estudiantes de tercero y cuarto de ESO con edades comprendidas entre los 14 y los 18 años. Posteriormente se ha realizado un análisis comparativo con otra muestra de 192 estudiantes de primer y segundo curso de Grado de Universidad, con edades comprendidas fundamentalmente entre los 18 y 20 años, con el fin de incrementar el rango de edad y valorar mejor la experiencia. El análisis de los datos obtenidos evidencia la existencia de diferencias estadísticamente significativas por edad, sexo y experiencia en pareja, así como la importancia de la comunicación para el proceso cotidiano de las relaciones afectivo-sexuales. Tras los análisis e interpretación de los datos se concluye que las relaciones de poder en las parejas están enmascaradas debido a una concepción romántica de las mismas.
Chiral Liquid‐Crystalline Ionic Liquid Systems Useful for Electrochemical Polymerization that Affords Helical Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Yamakawa Shohei , Wada Kohei , Hidaka Masatomo , Hanasaki Tomonori , Akagi Kazuo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIonic liquids bearing both liquid crystallinity and chirality are potentially applicable for chiral electrochemical syntheses and polymerizations. In this study, two types of chiral nematic liquid‐crystalline ionic liquids (N*‐LCILs) are developed to achieve asymmetric electrochemical polymerization without a supporting electrolyte and even a chiral dopant. N*‐LCILs are prepared i) by adding an axially chiral binaphthyl derivative as an external chiral dopant to imidazolium cation–based LCILs or ii) by incorporating a chiral binaphthyl phosphate as a counter anion in LCILs. Helical poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (H‐PEDOT) films are successfully synthesized through electrochemical polymerization of a dimer‐ or trimer‐type 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) monomer in an N*‐LCIL, where N*‐LCIL plays the role of both an asymmetric solvent and a supporting electrolyte. H‐PEDOT films have helically π‐stacked structures of conjugated chains and spiral morphologies consisting of one‐handed screwed fibril bundles. The plausible mechanism of the asymmetric electrochemical polymerization of EDOT in N*‐LCIL is proposed to elucidate the correlation of helical sense between the helically π‐stacked chains, screwed fibril bundles, and N*‐LCIL. The two present types of N*‐LCILs are the first to enable supporting electrolyte–free asymmetric electrochemical polymerization, and they have potential applications in various types of chiral electrochemical syntheses, expanding the potential utility of ionic liquids.
Optically Tunable Field Effect Transistors with Conjugated Polymer Entailing Azobenzene Groups in the Side Chains
Authors: Tian Jianwu , Fu Lulu , Liu Zitong , Geng Hua , Sun Yanan , Lin Gaobo , Zhang Xisha , Zhang Guanxin , Zhang Deqing 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSemiconducting conjugated polymers with photoswitching behavior are highly demanded for field‐effect transistors (FETs) with tunable electronic properties. Herein a new design strategy is established for photoresponsive conjugated polymers by incorporating photochromic units (azobenzene) into the flexible side alkyl chains. It is shown that azobenzene groups in the side chains of the DPP (diketopyrrolopyrrole)‐quaterthiophene polymer (PDAZO) can undergo trans/cis photoisomerization in fully reversible and fast manner. Optically tunable FETs with bistable states are successfully fabricated with thin films of PDAZO. The drain‐source currents are reduced by 80.1% after UV light irradiation for ≈28 s, which are easily restored after further visible light irradiation for ≈33 s. Such fast optically tunable FETs are not reported before. Moreover, such current photomodulation can be implemented for multiple light irradiation cycles with good photofatigue resistance. Additionally, thin film charge mobility of PDAZO can be reversibly modulated by alternating UV and visible light irradiations. On the basis of theoretical calculations and GIWAXS data, it is hypothesized that the dipole moment and configuration changes associated with the trans‐/cis‐photoisomerization of azobenzene groups in PDAZO can affect the respective intra‐chain and inter‐chain charge transporting, which is responsible for the optically tunable behavior for FETs with thin films of PDAZO.
Exploring the Performance Limit of Carbon Nanotube Network Film Field‐Effect Transistors for Digital Integrated Circuit Applications
Authors: Zhao Chenyi , Zhong Donglai , Han Jie , Liu Lijun , Zhang Zhiyong , Peng Lian‐Mao 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCarbon nanotube (CNT) network thin film field‐effect transistors (TFTs), which used to be considered as low cost and low performance transistors for display driving or flexible electronics, have recently been used to construct digital integrated circuits (ICs). However, few studies have focused on exploring how optimal CNT TFTs can be achieved according to transistor standards in digital applications. In this work, sub‐micrometer TFTs based on high‐quality and high‐purity solution‐derived CNT films are fabricated and the potential performance restriction due to the switching‐off property of these transistors is explored. Specifically, subthreshold swing (SS) severely degrades upon scaling down the channel length or increasing the CNT density in TFTs, and a tradeoff between peak transconductance (gm) and SS in CNT TFTs due to the random orientation distribution of CNTs has been observed in experiments and proven by theoretical simulations. A well‐designed balance between gm and SS is necessary to build CNT TFTs with SS of 120 mV dec−1 and gm of 150 µS µm−1 to meet device requirements in digital ICs powered by a supplied voltage, VDD, lower than 2.0 V.
A Simple Phenyl Group Introduced at the Tail of Alkyl Side Chains of Small Molecular Acceptors: New Strategy to Balance the Crystallinity of Acceptors and Miscibility of Bulk Heterojunction Enabling Highly Efficient Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Li Yonghai , Zheng Nan , Yu Lu , Wen Shuguang , Gao Chenglin , Sun Mingliang , Yang Renqiang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractResearch on fused‐ring small‐molecular‐acceptors (SMAs) has deeply advanced the development of organic solar cells (OSCs). Compared to fruitful studies of ladder‐type cores and end‐caps of SMAs, the exploration of side chains is monotonous. The widely utilized alkyl and aryl side chains usually produce a conflicting association between SMAs' crystallinity and miscibility. Herein, a fresh idea about the modification of side chains is reported to explore the subtle balance between the crystallinity and miscibility. Specifically, a phenyl is introduced to the tail of the alkyl side chain whereby a new acceptor IDIC‐C4Ph is reported. Moderately weakened crystallinity is observed, while maintaining preferred absorption profiles and face‐on orientations. Concurrently, remarkably improved heterojunction morphologies and stacking orientations are detected. PBDB‐T:IDIC‐C4Ph devices exhibit greater efficiency of 11.50% than devices from alky and aryl modified acceptors. Notably, the as‐cast OSCs of PBDB‐TF:IDIC‐C4Ph reveal outstanding FF over 76% with the best efficiency up to 13.23%. The annealed devices reveal further increased efficiency exceeding 14% with the state of the art FF of 78.32%. Overall, an effective but easily navigable approach is demonstrated to modulate the crystallinity of SMAs toward synergistically improved morphologies and molecular orientations of bulk heterojunction enabling highly efficient OSCs.
Light Tunable Gratings Based on Flexoelectric Effect in Photoresponsive Bent‐Core Nematics
Authors: Jing Hongzhen , Xu Mingya , Xiang Ying , Wang Everett , Liu Dongfeng , Poryvai Anna , Kohout Michal , Éber Nándor , Buka Ágnes 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA new photoresponsive bent‐core nematic (BCN) material, which exhibits flexoelectric domains (FDs) driven by electric field, is reported. Unexpectedly, it is found that the morphologies of FDs can be controlled by irradiation with light fields. This light tunability is ascribed to the photoisomerization effect of the azo moiety within the BCN molecules, where the ratio of trans and cis isomers changes according to the parameters of the light field, resulting in adjustable electric threshold and periodicity of FDs. Based on this principle, a prototype of controllable optical grating is assembeled, whose operation can be manipulated by the wavelength or intensity of light. Due to the easy, instant, and remote operation by light, this optical, contactless tunability has a great advantage over traditional electric control in tunable photonic devices.
Synergetic Electronic and Ionic Contributions to Electroresistance in Ferroelectric Capacitors
Authors: Qian Mengdi , Fina Ignasi , Sulzbach Milena Cervo , Sánchez Florencio , Fontcuberta Josep 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAdvanced use of ferroelectric capacitors in data storage and computing relies on the control of their electrical resistance (electroresistance, ER) by the change of the electrostatic potential profile across the capacitor occurring upon electric field–driven polarization switching. Here it is reported the observation that BaTiO3‐based capacitors, sandwiched between Pt and La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 electrodes, display a large ER, whose magnitude (near 104% at room temperature) and sign (ER > 0, ER < 0) are determined by the writing pulse duration and temperature. Temperature‐dependent measurements have been instrumental to obtain evidence of the presence of a thermally activated process coexisting with the electronic changes produced by ferroelectric polarization switching, both contributing to ER. Detailed analysis allows concluding that the thermally activated process can be attributed to field‐assisted ionic motion. It is argued that the relative balance between purely electronic and ionic diffusion processes modulate the height of the interfacial Schottky barriers and, consequently, are responsible for the observed variations of magnitude and sign of ER.
North‐south gradient of mesothelioma and asbestos consumption‐production in the United States‐Progresses since the 1st asbestos partial ban in 1973
Authors: Sun Hongbing 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundTemporal trends and broad geographical distributions of asbestos use and the incidence of malignant mesothelioma (MM) in the US still need to be studied.MethodsData on asbestos consumption and production between 1900 and 2015 and MM mortality and incidence rates between 1975 and 2015 in the US were examined. Spatial distributions of MM mortality and incidence rates and their association with climate zone were analyzed.ResultsDecline of MM incidence and mortality rates in the US occurred about 20 years after the peak of asbestos consumption‐production in 1973. There are apparent north‐south (N‐S) gradients in MM mortality and incidence rates in the US.ConclusionRecent decline of MM incidence and mortality rates in the US may be associated with reduced US asbestos consumption. N‐S MM gradients between 1999 and 2015 were likely related to larger asbestos requirements in building materials in the northern states.