bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Characteristics and Therapeutic Results in a Series of 68 Patients with Occipital Neuralgia
Authors: Martínez-Pías Enrique , Trigo-López Javier , García-Azorín David , McGreal Aisling , Peral Ángel Luis Guerrero 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Objective
Cranial pain is a condition that has a negative impact on human lives, and occipital neuralgia is among its causes. This study aims to evaluate the clinical characteristics and therapeutic results of a series of patients with occipital neuralgia.

Design
Prospective registry (observational study).

Settings
Headache outpatient clinic in a tertiary hospital.

Subjects
Sixty-eight cases.

Methods
Demographic and nosological characteristics have been analyzed, as well as treatment response of occipital neuralgia. All patients were recruited between January 2008 and January 2018, and the diagnosis of occipital neuralgia was made according to the International Headache Society (International Classification of Headache Disorders) criteria being utilized at the time of diagnosis.

Results
Sixty-eight patients were diagnosed with occipital neuralgia, which corresponded to 1.2% of the total number of patients (5,515) who visited our Headache Unit during the aforementioned period. Fifty-four (79.4%) of them were female. Baseline pain was present in 62 (91.1%) patients, and exacerbations in 42 (61.8%). Latency from onset (range) was 27.7 ± 56.1 (1–360) months.

Conclusions
Occipital neuralgia is an uncommon disorder in the sample explored. The prolonged latency between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis suggests that there should be an increased awareness of this disorder.
Firm-Level Political Risk: Measurement and Effects*
Authors: Hassan Tarek A , Hollander Stephan , van Lent Laurence , Tahoun Ahmed 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe adapt simple tools from computational linguistics to construct a new measure of political risk faced by individual U.S. firms: the share of their quarterly earnings conference calls that they devote to political risks. We validate our measure by showing that it correctly identifies calls containing extensive conversations on risks that are political in nature, that it varies intuitively over time and across sectors, and that it correlates with the firm’s actions and stock market volatility in a manner that is highly indicative of political risk. Firms exposed to political risk retrench hiring and investment and actively lobby and donate to politicians. These results continue to hold after controlling for news about the mean (as opposed to the variance) of political shocks. Interestingly, the vast majority of the variation in our measure is at the firm level rather than at the aggregate or sector level, in the sense that it is captured neither by the interaction of sector and time fixed effects nor by heterogeneous exposure of individual firms to aggregate political risk. The dispersion of this firm-level political risk increases significantly at times with high aggregate political risk. Decomposing our measure of political risk by topic, we find that firms that devote more time to discussing risks associated with a given political topic tend to increase lobbying on that topic, but not on other topics, in the following quarter.
DETERMINING THE DOSE RATE DEPENDENCE OF DIFFERENT ACTIVE PERSONAL DOSEMETERS IN STANDARDIZED PULSED AND CONTINUOUS RADIATION FIELDS
Authors: Hupe Oliver , Friedrich Sabrina , Vanhavere Filip , Brodecki Marcin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In 2016, the EURADOS working group 12 started a project to gather reliable data concerning the behavior of active personal dosemeters (APDs) used by European hospitals in standardized pulsed and hospital fields. This paper concentrates on the tests that deal with the dose rate dependence of APDs in laboratory tests. The dependence on the dose rate was determined for 10 dosemeter types with continuous radiation of a 60Co source and pulsed radiation of the reference radiation facility of Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt. Furthermore, irradiations were done with continuous radiation of a 137Cs source of the Karlsruher Institute of Technology and with continuous X-rays of the two radiation qualites in radiation beams emerging from the X-ray source assembly, RQR5 and RQR8, of Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine. For the first time, APDs have been systematically investigated under laboratory conditions in a pulsed reference fields according to ISO/TS 18090-1 and the experience gained by these test procedures will be included in the new IEC/TS 63050.
Addressing Exclusion in Organizations: Social Desire Paths and Undocumented Students Attending College
Authors: Nichols Laura 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWith data from a national study of a network of 28 private, non-profit colleges in the United States, I show how the individual actions of high school and college staff became collective “social desire paths” to introduce new organizational practices to enroll students who were undocumented. In interviews with staff, four factors emerged as important in enrolling students: (1) the way social desire paths started as ad hoc processes and then were entrenched through the collective and similar responses of staff; (2) identification of financial, administrative, structural, and cultural barriers to inclusion that formed the basis for the development of social desire paths; (3) the way staff innovated paths by reforming current procedures as well as developing new practices; and (4) the role of organizational values in supporting social desire paths. Along with uncovering the processes and practices, I also argue that using a social desire path approach helps researchers and managers detect organizational structures that exclude desired populations, and provides a means by which the actions of “street-level bureaucrats” that become collective can address social problems at the organization level.
As Goes the City? Older Americans’ Home Upkeep in the Aftermath of the Great Recession
Authors: Schafer Markus H , Settels Jason , Upenieks Laura 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe private home is a crucial site in the aging process, yet the upkeep of this physical space often poses a challenge for community-dwelling older adults. Previous efforts to explain variation in disorderly household conditions have relied on individual-level characteristics, but ecological perspectives propose that home environments are inescapably nested within the dynamic socioeconomic circumstances of surrounding spatial contexts, such as the metro area. We address this ecological embeddedness in the context of the Great Recession, an event in which some U.S. cities saw pronounced and persistent declines across multiple economic indicators while other areas rebounded more rapidly. Panel data (2005–6 and 2010–11) from a national survey of older adults were linked to interviewer home evaluations and city-level economic data. Results from fixed-effects regression support the hypothesis that older adults dwelling in struggling cities experienced an uptick in disorderly household conditions. Findings emphasize the importance of city-specificity when probing effects of a downturn. Observing changes in home upkeep also underscores the myriad ways in which a city’s most vulnerable residents— older adults, in particular—are affected by its economic fortunes.
The Varying Effects of Incarceration, Conviction, and Arrest on Wealth Outcomes among Young Adults
Authors: Maroto Michelle , Sykes Bryan L 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPrevious research indicates that incarceration leads to declines in rates of homeownership and net worth, especially among baby boomers, but questions remain as to how other types of criminal justice system contact affect wealth outcomes during the transition to adulthood. Using data from the 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, we investigate how arrests, convictions, and incarceration influence net worth, financial assets, and debt among young adults. We find that most contact with the criminal justice system limited the ability of young adults to accumulate wealth between the ages of 25 and 30, an especially important time for building life-cycle wealth. Arrests were associated with asset and debt declines of 52–53 percent, and incarceration led to net worth and asset declines of 34 and 76 percent, respectively. These direct effects were also bolstered by the indirect effects of these variables through their relationship with marriage and earnings, especially in the case of incarceration. This study draws attention to how criminal justice system contact affects early adult wealth, thereby setting the stage to influence a host of life course dynamics for individuals and their families.
What Explains Uneven Female Labor Force Participation Levels and Trends in Developing Countries?
Authors: Klasen Stephan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRapid fertility decline, a strong expansion of female education, and favorable economic conditions should have promoted female labor force participation in developing countries. Yet trends in female labor force participation rates (FLFP) have been quite heterogeneous, rising strongly in Latin America and stagnating in many other regions, while improvements were modest in the Middle East and female participation even fell in South Asia. These trends are inconsistent with secular theories such as the feminization U hypothesis but point to an interplay of initial conditions, economic structure, structural change, and persistent gender norms and values. We find that differences in levels are heavily affected by historical differences in economic structure that circumscribe women's economic opportunities still today. Shocks can bring about drastic changes, with the experience of socialism being the most important shock to women's labor force participation. Trends are heavily affected by how much women's labor force participation depends on their household's economic conditions, how jobs deemed appropriate for more educated women are growing relative to the supply of more educated women, whether growth strategies are promoting female employment, and to what extent women are able to break down occupational barriers within the sectors where women predominantly work.
Validating the Italian Version of the International Skin Tear Advisory Panel Classification System
Authors: Bassola Barbara , Ceci Paolo , Lolli Angela , LeBlanc Kimberly , Lusignani Maura 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To validate the International Skin Tear Advisory Panel (ISTAP) Classification System in Italian.

METHODS
In collaboration with the ISTAP, the classification system was translated into Italian using a forward-back translation process. To validate the translated system, a convenience sample of 212 health professionals classified 30 photographs of skin tears originally used by ISTAP. The wound images were labeled type 1, 2, or 3 as described by the classification system. The resulting scores were compared with the ISTAP classification, and the reliability of agreement was calculated with Fleiss κ.

RESULTS
Complete data were obtained from 209 healthcare professionals. When the image classifications were compared with the original ISTAP indications, 72.5% of all classifications were correct. Data indicated a moderate level of agreement (Fleiss κ = 0.466, range = 0.41-0.60). Data analysis showed similar agreement levels between nurses (n = 197, Fleiss κ = 0.466) and nonnurses (n = 12, Fleiss κ = 0.46).

CONCLUSIONS
The study validates the Italian version of the ISTAP skin tear classification system. Further studies are necessary to confirm the system’s usability in Italian research and clinical settings.
Estimated Effects of Early Diuretic Use in Critical Illness
Authors: McCoy Ian E. , Montez-Rath Maria E. , Chertow Glenn M. , Chang Tara I. 
Published: July 2019

Objectives:
To estimate the effects of diuretic use during the first 24 hours of an ICU stay on in-hospital mortality and other clinical outcomes including acute kidney injury and duration of mechanical ventilation.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Urban, academic medical center.

Patients:
Adult patients admitted to medical or cardiac ICUs between 2001 and 2012, excluding those on maintenance dialysis or with ICU length of stay less than 24 hours.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
We included 13,589 patients: 2,606 with and 10,983 without early diuretic use (loop diuretic exposure during the first 24 hr of an ICU stay). Propensity score matching generated 2,523 pairs with well-balanced baseline characteristics. Early diuretic use was unassociated with in-hospital mortality (risk ratio, 1.01; 99.5% CI, 0.83–1.22). We found no evidence of associations with ICU or hospital length of stay, or duration or provision of mechanical ventilation. Early diuretic use was associated with higher rates of subsequent acute kidney injury (risk ratio, 1.41; 99.5% CI, 1.25–1.59) and electrolyte abnormalities. Results were not materially different in subgroups of patients with heart failure, chronic kidney disease, or acute lung injury.

Conclusions:
Early diuretic use in critical illness was unassociated with in-hospital mortality, ICU or hospital length of stay, or duration of mechanical ventilation, but risks of acute kidney injury and electrolyte abnormalities were higher.
Validated Assessment Scales for Skin Laxity on the Posterior Thighs, Buttocks, Anterior Thighs, and Knees in Female Patients
Authors: Kaminer Michael S. , Casabona Gabriela , Peeters Wouter , Bartsch Rolf , Butterwick Kimberly , Yen-Yu Chao Yates , Costa Joana , Eviatar Joseph , Fabi Sabrina Guillen , Geister Thorin L. , Goldie Kate , Grice Jenny , Hexsel Doris , Lorenc Paul , Lupo Mary , Pooth Rainer , Sattler Gerhard , Waldorf Heidi A. , Yutskovskaya Yana , Kerscher Martina 
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND
The demand for noninvasive skin-tightening body procedures is increasing.

OBJECTIVE
To develop a set of grading scales for the objective assessment of skin laxity and assess their reliability and validity.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Two photonumeric grading scales were created and validated for skin laxity in female patients: Skin Laxity—Posterior Thighs/Buttocks, and Anterior Thighs/Knees. Fifteen aesthetic experts rated photographs of 50 women in 2 validation sessions. Responses were analyzed to assess inter-rater and intra-rater reliability.

RESULTS
Overall inter-rater reliability according to intraclass correlation efficient (ICC) 2.1 and weighted kappa was at least “substantial” for both scales in both sessions, and “almost perfect” (≥0.81) for the Anterior Thighs and Knees scale in session 2. Intra-rater reliability was “almost perfect” for both scales (ICC 2.1) and “substantial” to “almost perfect” by weighted kappa. A correlation between the skin laxity scales and body mass index, age, weight, sun exposure, and cellulite severity was observed.

CONCLUSION
The skin laxity photonumeric grading scales are valid and reliable instruments for assessing laxity on the posterior thighs and buttocks, and anterior thighs and knees. The scales will be of value for standardizing clinical evaluations and quantifying outcome measurements in research and clinical practice.
A Validated Assessment Scale for Asian Chin Projection
Authors: Suwanchinda Atchima , Seo Kyle , Geister Thorin L. , Yu Chao Yates Yen , Chhabra Chiranjiv , Fabi Sabrina G. , Hornfeldt Carl S. , Kerscher Martina , Lam Stephanie , Pavicic Tatjana , Peng Peter H.L. , Rzany Berthold , Tseng Fang-Wen , Pooth Rainer , Corduff Niamh 
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND
As the number of different aesthetic treatments increase, numerous photonumeric assessment scales have been developed and validated to measure the effectiveness of these new treatments and techniques. Photonumeric rating scales have been developed to objectively assess improvements in anatomical areas; however, these have been based on the features of Caucasian patients.

OBJECTIVE
To develop and validate a Chin Projection Scale for use in the female Asian patient population.

METHODS AND MATERIALS
During 2 validation sessions, 13 raters assessed full frontal and lateral facial views of 50 Asian subjects and also estimated their age and the aesthetic treatment effort required for each subject. Chin projection was rated on a scale from 0 (optimal) to 4 (very severely receding).

RESULTS
Inter-rater reliability was 0.80 (substantial) for Validation Session 1 and 0.83 (almost perfect) for Validation Session 2. The results for Estimated Age and Estimated Treatment Effort were essentially the same.

CONCLUSION
This study demonstrated the validity of the first photonumeric assessment scale for assessing the appearance of the female Asian chin. This new scale will provide a standardized measure of chin projection for Asian patients in clinical practice and clinical research settings.
A Systematic Review of Social Contact Surveys to Inform Transmission Models of Close-contact Infections
Authors: Hoang Thang , Coletti Pietro , Melegaro Alessia , Wallinga Jacco , Grijalva Carlos G. , Edmunds John W. , Beutels Philippe , Hens Niel 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Researchers increasingly use social contact data to inform models for infectious disease spread with the aim of guiding effective policies about disease prevention and control. In this article, we undertake a systematic review of the study design, statistical analyses, and outcomes of the many social contact surveys that have been published.

Methods:
We systematically searched PubMed and Web of Science for articles regarding social contact surveys. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines as closely as possible.

Results:
In total, we identified 64 social contact surveys, with more than 80% of the surveys conducted in high-income countries. Study settings included general population (58%), schools or universities (37%), and health care/conference/research institutes (5%). The largest number of studies did not focus on a specific age group (38%), whereas others focused on adults (32%) or children (19%). Retrospective (45%) and prospective (41%) designs were used most often with 6% using both for comparison purposes. The definition of a contact varied among surveys, e.g., a nonphysical contact may require conversation, close proximity, or both. We identified age, time schedule (e.g., weekday/weekend), and household size as relevant determinants of contact patterns across a large number of studies.

Conclusions:
We found that the overall features of the contact patterns were remarkably robust across several countries, and irrespective of the study details. By considering the most common approach in each aspect of design (e.g., sampling schemes, data collection, definition of contact), we could identify recommendations for future contact data surveys that may be used to facilitate comparison between studies.
CORRELATION OF SUBRETINAL HYPERREFLECTIVE MATERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND VISUAL ACUITY IN NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION
Authors: Kumar Jaya B. , Stinnett Sandra , Han Jung I. L. , Jaffe Glenn J. 
Published: July 2019

Purpose:
To evaluate the association of subretinal hyperreflective material (SHRM) morphological features with visual acuity in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Methods:
Retrospective analysis of treatment-naïve patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration enrolled in randomized anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and anti–platelet-derived growth factor clinical trials. Standardized spectral domain optical coherence tomography images were graded at baseline, 12-week, and 24-week follow-up visits. Masked readers evaluated the morphology of SHRM (reflectivity, shape, anterior, and posterior boundaries) and measured SHRM height, width, and area at the fovea, within the center 1 mm2, and outside the center 1 mm2.

Results:
Baseline SHRM characteristics that correlated with worse visual acuity at 12 and 24 weeks included layered appearance (P = 0.006, 0.001), hyperreflective spots in SHRM (P = 0.001, 0.011), and separation between SHRM and outer retina (P = 0.03, 0.019). The disappearance of SHRM correlated with better visual acuity at Weeks 12 and 24 (P < 0.001). Layered appearance of SHRM at baseline was significantly associated with increased reflectivity at Weeks 12 and 24 (P = 0.009, 0.003). Decreasing reflectivity of SHRM lesion at Weeks 12 and 24 correlated with better visual acuity (P < 0.01, 0.01). Increased width and area of baseline SHRM at the foveal center correlated with worse visual acuity at 12 (P < 0.001, <0.001) and 24 weeks (<0.001, <0.001).

Conclusion:
Several attributes of SHRM including, layered appearance, increased reflectivity, larger size, and hyperreflective spots correlated with worse visual acuity at 12- and 24-week follow-ups. Baseline SHRM characteristics can help practitioners predict visual and morphological prognosis and guide therapy.
REDUCTION OF POSTINTRAVITREAL INJECTION PAIN USING ICE
Authors: Yahalomi Tal , Hecht Idan , Lagstein Oded , Nemet Achia , Pe'er Liron , Hadad Fady , Keren-Yaar Ari , Kassem Rabea , Burgansky-Eliash Zvia , Bar Asaf , Achiron Asaf 
Published: July 2019

Purpose:
Intravitreal injections of intraocular therapeutic agents are a common and effective treatment for various retinal pathologies. Patient discomfort related to injection is a potential barrier to treatment. Our aim in this study was to evaluate whether cooling the eye using topical ice compresses before intravitreal injection will reduce pain or bleeding.

Methods:
This randomized controlled open-label study included 42 patients. All patients received a standard topical anesthesia protocol and then were randomly assigned to either receive a placement of ice packs (intervention group) or a room-temperature pack (control group) on the eyelid, 2 minutes before the intravitreal injection. Patients' discomfort, itching, burning and pain (using visual analog scale), and bleeding size (using photographs) were measured 1 and 10 minutes after the injection. Tolerability was calculated by averaging patients' discomfort, itching, burning, and pain scores.

Results:
At 1 minute, pain (1.95 vs. 4.27, P = 0.01) and overall tolerability (1.66 vs. 2.98, P = 0.03) were significantly lower in patients receiving ice packs. At 10 minutes, pain (1.6 vs. 3.73, P = 0.02), burning (0.9 vs. 3.09, P = 0.007), discomfort (2.1 vs. 4.27, P = 0.008), and overall tolerability (1.23 vs. 2.87, P = 0.004) were all significantly lower in the ice group compared with the controls. Bleeding size (area or circumference) was not statistical different between groups.

Conclusion:
Topical ice patch administered before intravitreal injection significantly decreased pain and overall tolerability. This simple and inexpensive method may be used to ameliorated pain and improve tolerability.