bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Redo Aortic Root Operations in Patients with Marfan Syndrome
Authors: Orozco-Sevilla Vicente , Whitlock Richard , Preventza Ourania , de la Cruz Kim , Coselli Joseph 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAortic root aneurysm is the most common cardiovascular manifestation requiring surgical intervention in patients with Marfan syndrome (MFS), a heritable thoracic aortic disease. Elective replacement of the aortic root is the treatment of choice for patients with aneurysmal complications of the aortic root and ascending aorta. There are two basic approaches to aortic root replacement: valve-sparing (VS) and valve-replacing (VR) techniques. After successful aortic root replacement surgery, several patients with MFS may develop a late complication related to their aortic disease process, such as developing a pseudoaneurysm of the coronary artery reattachment buttons, aneurysmal expansion, or aortic dissection in the remaining native aorta. These patients may also develop other late complications that are not specifically related to the heritable thoracic aortic disease, such as infections that can lead to dehiscence of some or all of the distal or proximal anastomosis. Because these complications are rare, the clinical volume of reoperations of the aortic root in patients with MFS is low, making it difficult to assess contemporary experiences with these procedures. Only a few published reports have examined reoperative aortic root surgery in patients with MFS, each of which had only a small series of patients. Herein, we describe our contemporary experience with reoperative aortic root replacement in patients with MFS and provide our operative approach for these uncommon procedures.
Survival after Aortic Valve Replacement with Bovine or Porcine Valve Prostheses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Glaser Natalie , Jackson Veronica , Franco-Cereceda Anders , Sartipy Ulrik 
Published: May 2018

Background Bovine and porcine bioprostheses are commonly used for surgical aortic valve replacement. It is unknown if the long-term survival differs between the two valve types.We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare survival in patients who underwent aortic valve replacement and received a bovine or a porcine prosthesis.
Methods We performed a systematic search of Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Cohort studies that compared survival between patients who underwent aortic valve replacement and received either a bovine or a porcine bioprosthesis and that reported overall long-term survival with hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were included. Two authors independently reviewed articles considered for inclusion, extracted the information from each study, and performed the quality assessment. We performed a meta-analysis using a random effects model to calculate the pooled HR (95% CI) for all-cause mortality. We did sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of our findings.
Results Seven studies published between 2010 and 2015 were included, and the combined study population was 49,190 patients. Of these, 32,235 (66%) received a bovine, and 16,955 (34%) received a porcine bioprosthesis. There was no significant difference in all-cause mortality between patients who received a bovine compared with a porcine bioprosthesis (pooled HR 1.00, 95% CI: 0.92–1.09). Heterogeneity between studies was moderate (55.8%, p = 0.04).
Conclusions This systematic review and meta-analysis suggest no difference in survival between patients who received a bovine versus a porcine bioprosthesis after aortic valve replacement. Our study provides valuable evidence for the continuing use of both bovine and porcine bioprosthetic valves for surgical aortic valve replacement.
Kardioanästhesie: anästhesiologisches Management
Authors: Renner Jochen , Bein Berthold , Broch Ole 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungDas anästhesiologische Management herzchirurgischer Patienten hat sich in den letzten Jahren deutlich weiterentwickelt. Diese Übersicht widmet sich vor allem folgenden Bereichen: pharmakologische Kardioprotektion bei herzchirurgischen Eingriffen, Narkosemanagement an der Herz-Lungen-Maschine, Protokolle der „Enhanced Recovery After Cardiac Surgery“ sowie innovative minimalinvasive Operationsverfahren wie die kathetergestützte Aortenklappenimplantation.
Growth of sedimentaryBathyarchaeotaon lignin as an energy source
Authors: Yu Tiantian , Wu Weichao , Liang Wenyue , Lever Mark Alexander , Hinrichs Kai-Uwe , Wang Fengping 
Published: May 2018

SignificanceMarine sediment holds the largest organic carbon pool on earth, where microbial transformation of carbon is considered a key process of carbon cycling.Bathyarchaeotaare among the most abundant and active groups of microorganisms in marine sediment. It has been suggested thatBathyarchaeotamay play a globally important role in the carbon cycling in the marine environment through fermentation of complex organic substances, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis based on metagenome analysis. Here we provide several lines of converging evidence suggesting the bathyarchaeotal group Bathy-8 is able to grow with lignin as an energy source and bicarbonate as a carbon source. Consequently, members of theBathyarchaeotaare probably important, previously unrecognized degraders of lignin.
Sulfur monoxide thermal release from an anthracene-based precursor, spectroscopic identification, and transfer reactivity
Authors: Joost Maximilian , Nava Matthew , Transue Wesley J. , Martin-Drumel Marie-Aline , McCarthy Michael C. , Patterson David , Cummins Christopher C. 
Published: May 2018

Significance
The generation of highly reactive molecules under controlled conditions is desirable, as it allows exploration of synthetic chemistry and enables spectroscopic studies of such elusive species. We report here on the synthesis and reactivity of a precursor molecule that readily fragments with concomitant expulsion of dinitrogen and anthracene to release the highly reactive sulfur monoxide, a compound of interest for both synthetic chemists and astrochemists.
Arginine methylation is required for canonical Wnt signaling and endolysosomal trafficking
Authors: Albrecht Lauren V. , Ploper Diego , Tejeda-Muñoz Nydia , De Robertis Edward M. 
Published: May 2018

Significance
Endocytosis plays a fundamental role in Wnt signaling, leading to the sequestration of cytosolic GSK3 kinase inside multivesicular endosomes. Here we show an unexpected role for the enzyme protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) during Wnt signaling. In the case of the soluble tumor suppressor transcription factor Smad4, modification of a particular arginine was required before this protein could be phosphorylated by GSK3. Wnt3a addition caused rapid endocytosis that strikingly expanded the cellular liquid-phase compartment within 5–20 min. Wnt-induced vesicles contained arginine-methylated proteins, GSK3 and PRMT1 itself, within membrane-bound organelles. The translocation of these proteins into multivesicular endosomes via microautophagy was essential for canonical Wnt signaling.
Status of the large-scale commercial trawl fisheries in southern Lake Malawi
Authors: Kanyerere G. Z. , Kaonga D. , Mponda O. , Nkhoma B. , Ngulande E. 
Published: May 2018

A study to assess the status of the large scale commercial fisheries operating in southern Lake Malawi was conducted using generalised linear modelling and Principles of Precautionary Approach. The generalised linear modelling analysis was used to standardise catch per unit of effort data from 1976 to 2009 and to determine the effects of fishing vessel characteristics such as engine size and hydro-acoustic devices on fish catch rates. The Precautionary Approach, through reference points like Bmax (reference point corresponding to period of relatively high fish catch rate), Bpa (reference point at which precautionary management action should be undertaken), Blim (limit reference point beyond which a fishery is considered seriously depleted) and Bcur (reference point corresponding to current fish catch rate), was used to assess the status of fish stocks using standardised fish catch rate which approximated fish biomass or stock size.
Results of the assessment indicated that the current fish biomass level in all three categories, bottom pair trawl, stern bottom trawl and stern mid-water trawl fisheries, is well above Blim, but is 9–12% above Bpa, which is very close suggesting that the fishery is fully exploited and precautionary management measures are required. Suggested measures included introduction of fishing closed season for the large scale commercial fisheries which will be dependent on the biology of the most important target fish stocks, relocation or reduction of fishing effort in the current fishing grounds and intensification of patrols to reduce incidences of illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing activities.
Inhomogeneous Dual Diophantine Approximation on Affine Subspaces
Authors: Beresnevich Victor , Ganguly Arijit , Ghosh Anish , Velani Sanju 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We prove the convergence and divergence cases of an inhomogeneous Khintchine–Groshev-type theorem for dual approximation restricted to affine subspaces in $\mathbb{R} ^n$. The divergence results are proved in the more general context of Hausdorff measures.
Population health: a nursing action plan
Authors: Ariosto Deborah A , Harper Ellen M , Wilson Marisa L , Hull Susan C , Nahm Eun-Shim , Sylvia Martha L 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The passage of the Affordable Care Act shifted the focus of health care from individual, patient specific, episodic care, towards health management of groups of people with an emphasis on primary and preventive care. Population health management assists to attain and maintain health while improving quality and lowering costs. The recent Catalyst for Change report creates an urgent call for harnessing the power of nurses—in our communities, schools, businesses, homes and hospitals—to build capacity for population health. Informatics Nurse Specialists are prepared to bridge roles across practice, research, education, and policy to support this call. Each year, the AMIA Nursing Informatics Working Group convenes an expert panel to reflect on the “hot topics” of interest to nursing. Not surprisingly, the 2017 topic was on the current state and challenges of population health. The following summary reflects the panel’s perspectives and recommendations for action.
Left Lateral Table Tilt for Elective Cesarean Delivery Under Spinal Anesthesia Has No Effect on Neonatal Acid-Base Status
Authors: Lee A.J. , Landau R. , Mattingly J.L. , Meenan M.M. , Corradini B. , Wang S. , Goodman S.R. , Smiley R.M. 
Published: May 2018

(Anesthesiology. 2017;127(2):241–249)
Cesarean delivery in the supine position may result in maternal hypotension, aortocaval compression, and fetal complications. Uterine displacement by left lateral tilt is currently recommended to prevent these outcomes. Tilting was associated with superior neonatal acid-base status in studies during the 1970s. The current use of vasopressor agents to effectively prevent maternal spinal hypotension calls into question the necessity of tilting, particularly since the target tilt of 15 degrees is rarely achieved. This study hypothesized that, using a fluid coload with spinal anesthesia and a phenylephrine infusion to maintain baseline systolic blood pressure, neonatal acid base status would not be affected by maternal position (supine vs. tilted) in women delivering via elective cesarean delivery.
Noninfectious Fever in the Near-Term Pregnant Rat Induces Fetal Brain Inflammation: A Model for the Consequences of Epidural-associated Maternal Fever
Authors: Segal S. , Pancaro C. , Bonney I. , Marchand J.E. 
Published: May 2018

(Anesth Analg. 2017;125(6):2134–2140)
Intrapartum fever of noninfectious etiology during deliveries in women with labor epidural analgesia may adversely affect the developing fetal brain. A proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)-6, found to be present at increased levels in epidural-associated maternal fever, has been linked to neonatal brain injury. As there is no comprehensive animal model of labor epidural analgesia, the authors of the present study developed a model of noninfectious inflammatory fever in the near-term pregnant rat using IL-6 levels comparable to those found in human patients with labor epidural analgesia-associated fever. They hypothesized that brief administration of IL-6 would induce a core temperature increase in the dams and induce neuroinflammation in the fetus.
Maternal Death Due to Amniotic Fluid Embolism: A National Study in France
Authors: Bonnet M.P. , Zlotnik D. , Saucedo M. , Chassard D. , Bouvier-Colle M.H. , Deneux-Tharaux C. 
Published: May 2018

(Anesth Analg. 2018;126(1):175–182)
Signs and symptoms of amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) vary greatly and are not specific to AFE, making it a difficult condition to diagnose and treat. Recently, the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM) and the AFE Foundation proposed 4 uniform diagnostic criteria to help identify cases of AFE for research purposes. These criteria have not been tested on a specific population. The authors of the present study applied these criteria to maternal deaths attributed to AFE between 2007 and 2011, as identified by a national experts committee from the French Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Deaths, to evaluate its potential as a diagnostic tool. Furthermore, they described the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and management of AFE by the presence or absence of all 4 diagnostic criteria.
Patient-Controlled Analgesia With Remifentanil Versus Alternative Parenteral Methods for Pain Management in Labour: A Cochrane Systematic Review
Authors: Jelting Y. , Weibel S. , Afshari A. , Pace N.L. , Jokinen J. , Artmann T. , Eberhart L.H.J. , Kranke P. 
Published: May 2018

(Anaesthesia. 2017;72(8):1016–1028)
Guidelines from both the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) recommend epidural analgesia as the most effective and flexible analgesic option for labor pain management, but some laboring women have contraindications to neuraxial analgesia and others may prefer alternatives. This Cochrane systematic review analyzed the effectiveness of intravenous remifentanil patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) compared with other labor analgesia techniques as measured by patient satisfaction and adverse maternal or neonatal effects.
Point-of-Care Viscoelastic Testing Improves the Outcome of Pregnancies Complicated by Severe Postpartum Hemorrhage
Authors: Snegovskikh D. , Souza D. , Walton Z. , Dai F. , Rachler R. , Garay A. , Snegovskikh V.V. , Braveman F.R. , Norwitz E.R. 
Published: May 2018

(J Clin Anesth. 2018;44:50–56)
Standardized hospital protocols that address severe postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), or estimated blood loss >1500 mL following delivery, generally follow principles of empiric resuscitation, favoring early transfusion of high volumes of fresh frozen plasma, packed red blood cells, and platelets. However, it has been suggested that blood product resuscitation should be individualized and adjusted according to the results of point-of-care viscoelastic testing (PCVT). In the present study, the authors compared clinical outcomes [volume of transfused blood products, rate of volume overload, and rate of intensive care unit (ICU) admission] and hospital costs for patients with severe PPH managed with and without PCVT-guided transfusion protocol.
Reducing Maternal Mortality in Papua New Guinea: Contextualizing Access to Safe Surgery and Anesthesia
Authors: Dennis A.T. 
Published: May 2018

(Anesth Analg. 2018;126(1):252–259)
Papua New Guinea (PNG), a low–middle-income country with a population of 7.6 million and a poverty ranking of 158 of 188 countries, has an estimated maternal mortality rate of 215 (range, 98 to 733) per 100,000 live births. This is one of the world’s highest maternal mortality rates, with the comparable statistic in Australia being 7.1 deaths per 100,000 live births. Reasons for maternal death in PNG are not limited to pathologies usually associated with maternal death, such as obstetric hemorrhage, sepsis, high blood pressure, etc., but also to fundamental in-country systemic issues, including leadership and governance, a dispersed population in the rural highlands, shortage of health workers, limited access to water and information systems, fragile health infrastructure, poor focus on the social determinants of health, and limited access to safe surgery and anesthesia. Therefore, addressing pathologies that result in death will have little impact on the maternal mortality issue in PNG. Instead, as discussed by the World Health Organization’s 2015 publication on “global strategy for women’s, children’s, and adolescent’s health,” key areas for improvement in maternal health lie in strong country plans, integrated health delivery services, life-saving interventions and commodities, adequate number of skilled and well-equipped health workers, access to safe surgery and anesthesia, and improved monitoring/evaluation/accountability. The authors of the present narrative discussed the current situation in PNG and possible approaches to reducing maternal mortality via a discussion of enabling environments and key times for intervention.
Foley Catheterization Versus Oral Misoprostol for Induction of Labour in Hypertensive Women in India (INFORM): A Multicenter, Open-label, Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mundle S. , Bracken H. , Khedikar V. , Mulik J. , Faragher B. , Easterling T. , Leigh S. , Granby P. , Haycox A. , Turner M.A. , Alfirevic Z. , Winikoff B. , Weeks A.D. 
Published: May 2018

(Lancet. 2017;390(10095):669–680)
Hypertensive disorders, including preeclampsia, affect 10% of all pregnancies, with preeclampsia and eclampsia accounting for roughly 14% of global maternal deaths annually. While treatment with magnesium sulfate or antihypertensive drugs can reduce maternal morbidity and mortality, the best preventive method is timely vaginal delivery. Low-dose oral misoprostol and the Foley catheter are 2 low-cost cervical ripening methods recommended for use in low-resource settings, where most morbidity and mortality associated with preeclampsia occurs. However, few studies have compared these 2 methods directly. The INFORM trial aimed to compare the efficacy, safety, acceptability, and cost-effectiveness of labor induction via oral misoprostol versus Foley balloon catheter in women with gestational hypertension in a low-resource setting.
Maternal Age is a Risk Factor for Cesarean Section Following Induction of Labor
Authors: Dunn L. , Kumar S. , Beckmann M. 
Published: May 2018

(Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2017;57(4):426–431)
Women 35 years or older, considered advanced maternal age (AMA), are more likely to experience complications and adverse neonatal outcomes including stillbirth. Pregnancies in these older women are increasing in western countries. Scheduled induction of labor in AMA pregnancies has been increasingly practiced; however, data concerning the outcomes of induction of labor (IOL) in AMA pregnancies are limited. This study explored the relationship between IOL and cesarean delivery in AMA women.
Fixed Time Interval Compared With On-Demand Oral Analgesia Protocols for Postcesarean Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Yefet E. , Taha H. , Salim R. , Hasanein J. , Carmeli Y. , Schwartz N. , Nachum Z. 
Published: May 2018

(BJOG. 2017;124(7):1063–1070)
Effective postcesarean analgesia is important as untreated pain can impair maternal bonding with her infant and decrease the rate of successful breastfeeding. Postoperative pain can also lead to decreased ambulation, which is associated with an increased risk of thromboembolic events and other postoperative complications. Although many options for postcesarean pain treatment are available, the use of oral analgesic medications is simple and may promote maternal mobilization. However, the data are limited and inconclusive regarding the superiority of dosing oral analgesics using a fixed time interval or on patient demand. This open-label, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial aimed to compare efficacy, safety, and patient satisfaction when administering a combination of oral pain relievers on patient demand versus a fixed time interval for the treatment of postcesarean pain in the first 48 hours following surgery.
Detection Rate of High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions as a Quality Assurance Metric for High-Resolution Anoscopy in HIV-Positive Men
Authors: Siegenbeek van Heukelom Matthijs L. , Marra Elske , Cairo Irina , Van Eeden Arne , Schim van der Loeff Maarten F. , De Vries Henry J.C. , Prins Jan M. 
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUND:
High-resolution anoscopy-guided biopsies are the gold standard for identifying anal intraepithelial neoplasia, but diagnosing high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions depends on the skills of the anoscopist.

OBJECTIVE:
This study aims to validate the high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion detection rate as a quality assurance metric for high-resolution anoscopy in HIV-positive men.

DESIGN:
This is a retrospective study.

SETTING:
This study was conducted at 3 HIV outpatient clinics in Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

PATIENTS:
HIV-positive men who have sex with men were selected for this study.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
We analyzed the high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion detection rate per high-resolution anoscopy, the mean number of biopsies taken, and the mean high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion rate per biopsy in time-subsequent groups for 7 anoscopists performing high-resolution anoscopy.

RESULTS:
Seven anoscopists performed high-resolution anoscopy in 1340 HIV-positive men who have sex with men. The overall high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion detection rate for all 7 anoscopists combined increased significantly over time, from 27% to 40% (p < 0.001; OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.08–1.23 per 50 high-resolution anoscopies). The mean number of biopsies increased significantly from 1.4 (22% high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions per biopsy) to 2.0 biopsies per patient (29% high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions per biopsy) (p < 0.001). Three anoscopists showed a significant increase in proportion of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions per biopsy with increasing experience.

LIMITATIONS:
There were statistically significant differences, with limited clinical significance, in the characteristics of patient populations between anoscopists and clinics.

CONCLUSIONS:
We found significant variations in the high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion detection rate among anoscopists performing high-resolution anoscopy in HIV-positive men who have sex with men. The high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion detection rate and mean high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion rate per biopsy can be used as a quality assurance metric to follow up the learning curve of high-resolution anoscopists. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A555.