bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti-toxicant Properties of Saffron and Relevance to Protection from Toxins and Drugs
Authors: Hatziagapiou Kyriaki , Lambrou George I. 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, which are collectively
called reactive oxygen nitrogen species, are inevitable by-products of cellular metabolic redox reactions,
such as oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, phagocytosis, reactions of
biotransformation of exogenous and endogenous substrata in endoplasmic reticulum, eicosanoid synthesis,
and redox reactions in the presence of metal with variable valence. Among medicinal plants there is
a growing interest in Crocus sativus L. It is a perennial, stemless herb, belonging to Iridaceae family,
cultivated in various countries such as Greece, Italy, Spain, Israel, Morocco, Turkey, Iran, India, China,
Egypt and Mexico.

Objective:
The present study aims to address the anti-toxicant role of Crocus sativus L. in the cases of
toxin and drug toxification.

Materials and Methods:
An electronic literature search was conducted by the two authors from 1993 to
August 2017. Original articles and systematic reviews (with or without meta-analysis), as well as case
reports were selected. Titles and abstracts of papers were screened by a third reviewer to determine
whether they met the eligibility criteria, and full texts of the selected articles were retrieved.

Results:
The authors focused on literature concerning the role of Crocus Sativus L. as an anti-toxicant
agent. Literature review showed that Saffron is a potent anti-toxicant agent with a plethora of applications
ranging from anti-oxidant properties, to chemotherapy protective effects.

Conclusion:
Literature findings represented in current review herald promising results for using Crocus
Sativus L. and/or its active constituents as anti-toxicant, chemotherapy-induced protection and toxin
protection.
Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Action of Nonactin and Cephaeline. HBr Precludes Alteration of Redox Status
Authors: Adeyemi Oluyomi Stephen , Awakan Oluwakemi Josephine , Adeyanju Anne Adebukola , Otohinoyi David Adeiza 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Natural products or naturally derived compounds are invaluable to human
and animal lives either for nutritional value or for medicinal purposes. Indeed, natural products including
extracts containing polychemical mixtures play a leading role in the discovery and development
of drugs. However, the increasing interest in natural medicines is also attracting a growing
concern about the safety of naturally derived medications.

Objective:
In the present study, we evaluated several naturally derived compounds for in vitro cytotoxicity
in mammalian cells.

Methods:
A total of 54 compounds were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxic and apoptotic action in
Human Fibroblast Foreskin (HFF) cells.

Results:
Of the 54 natural compounds screened for cellular toxicity, only nonactin and cephaeline.
HBr reduced cellular viability by ≥60% with IC50 value <3 µg/ml. Addition of trolox antioxidant
to the assay medium failed to abate cellular toxicity by both nonactin and cephaeline.HBr
treatments. Fluorescence evaluation for Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production as well as Mitochondrial
Membrane Potential (MMP) was negative for both nonactin and cephaeline.HBr treatments.
In contrast, both nonactin and cephaeline.HBr caused cellular apoptosis and this was not attenuated
even in the presence of trolox.

Conclusion:
Taken together, we show evidence supporting that cytotoxic and apoptotic action of
nonactin and cephaeline.HBr precludes oxidative stress or ROS production.
Approach for Protection of Iris Template using Cancelable Biometrics
Authors: Chaudhary Sheetal , Nath Rajender , Kant Chander , Kant Surya 
Published: October 2018

Background and Objective:
The most important issue concerning the security of biometric
authentication systems is protection of biometric templates. This is because once the biometric template
being attacked, it cannot be canceled and reissued. Thus, the intruder could avail the facilities
that are meant only for the genuine user just bypassing the enrollment phase.

Methods:
To protect the biometric templates from attacks, it is advantageous to modify them before
storing in the databases through some cancelable and non-invertible transformations. Hence, an approach
based on cancelable biometrics is proposed in this paper for providing security and privacy to
biometric templates. It uses left iris and right iris as input biometric traits. Different experiments are
carried out to authenticate the proposed approach.

Results and Conclusion:
It satisfies all template protection requirements and expected to show good
recognition performance without degrading it.
Sensorless FOC Strategy for the Salient-pole PMSM using Improved Fullorder Sliding Mode Observer
Authors: Saadaoui Oussama , Tlili Imen , Khlaief Amor , Chaari Abdelkader 
Published: October 2018

Background:
This document presents a new approach to estimate speed and rotor position
of the salient-pole Permament Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM).

Methods:
To eliminate the mechanical sensors, we apply a sensorless field oriented control (FOC) by using
an improved full-order sliding mode observer (FO-SMO) at different speeds (low and high speeds).
The stability of the Slide Mode Observer (SMO) was demonstrated with the Lyapunov function.

Methods:
The simulation results prove good properties of the proposed estimation method.

Conclusion:
The sensorless field oriented control strategy of the salient-pole PMSM has been proposed
in this paper using an improved full-order SMO.
Permasalahan Cita-cita Anak yang Menyebabkan Kelangkaan Petani Masa Depan
Authors: Pamuji Albertus Galih 
Published: October 2018

Abstrak
Semua anak memiliki mimpi yang hendak ia capai, atau sering diartikan sebagai cita-cita. Cita-cita anak jaman sekarang yang cenderung tidak meminati sektor pertanian menjadi masalah besar. Apabila generasi jaman ini tidak tertarik terhadap pertanian maka akan timbul permasalahan pangan di masa yang akan datang. Profesi sebagai seorang petani dianggap suatu yang primitif dan tidak menjaamin kesejahteraan. Untuk menarik minat anak muda perlu adanya upaya untuk memperbaiki pembangunan di sektor pertanian, sehingga petani dapat memperoleh kesejahteraan. Peranan sekolah, guru dan orang tua untuk mengarahkan anak agar memahami dan mencintai dunia pertanian juga sangat diperlukan. Perlu adanya upaya sejak dini untuk mengenalkan pada anak tentang dunia pertanian, agar kecintaan dan rasa toleransi anak dapat berkembang. Pemberdayaan anak yang tidak mampu melanjutkan sekolah ke jenjang selanjutnya juga dapat dilakukan untuk mencetak petani masa depan.
Kata kunci : kelangkaan petani, pembangunan pertanian, menumbuhkan minat anak
Hepatic encephalopathy in patients in Lviv (Ukraine)
Authors: Djiambou-Nganjeu Herbert 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) research has long been impeded by the vague definition of this disabling complication of liver failure. This article provides an overview of the etiology and impact of HE on neuromuscular functions as well as its role in the development of infections and anemia.

Materials and Methods
This was a descriptive study conducted in 36 patients with HE. Close monitoring of these patients was done by checking on several parameters.

Results
The etiological distribution: alcohol (67%), hepatitis C virus (HCV; 17%), HCV and alcohol (8%), hepatitis B virus (HBV; 3%), HBV and alcohol (3%), HBV and HCV (6%), and cryptogenic (3%). The laboratory results indicated an elevation of De Ritis level in 69% of cases and in 92% of total bilirubin values. The Halstead-Reitan (H-R) test score with regards to gender indicated that more than half of the patients had a score of 2, while only few cases received the scores 3 and 4. The frequency of H-R score with regards to Child-Pugh score showed the significant preponderance of Child-Pugh score of 7–9 (B): 58.3% compared to others groups of results, and these results indicated patients’ poor prognosis.

Conclusion
Findings showed the preponderance of female patients towards developing HE and the poor survival rate of patients older than 65 years. Alcohol and hepatitis C were the main causes associated with the development of HE. The neurological assessment marked the preponderance of Child-Pugh grades B and C and also the prevalence in female patients with neuropsychological disabilities through the assessment of H-R test.
China: el impacto del comercio de manufacturas en la actualización tecnológica empresarial
Authors: Zhong Xiwei 
Published: October 2018

El avance tecnológico es el núcleo del desarrollo industrial y el impuso principal de su renovación. Una de las metas principales de los países en vías de desarrollo es introducir capitales extranjeros que comercien manufacturas e incorporen tecnologías avanzadas en sus procesos, impulsando el avance técnico de las naciones receptoras. En este marco, el comercio de manufacturas ha cobrado una gran importancia en el ámbito internacional; al mismo tiempo, la renovación técnica se ha convertido en uno de los temas más estudiados.
Mycoflora and Incidence of Aflatoxin in Wheat Seeds from Duhok Province, Kurdistan Region of Iraq
Authors: Bazyani Lina F. , Saadullah Asia A.M. 
Published: October 2018

Identification of fungi that contaminated wheat grains and their aflatoxins production were investigated in Thirty-three samples collected from different sources in Duhok province, Kurdistan region of Iraq during 2014-2015. In this study a total of twenty-five species belonged to 12 genera was isolated and identified on DRBC, MEA and PDA media. Nine distinct species were identified within Aspergillus which revealed highest diversity among all isolated genera. Followed by five species of Penicillium.Alternariacame after which showed only two species. Two teleomorphic ascomycota Emericella, and Eurotiumwere recorded. The results showed that A. nigerand A. flavuswere the most isolated species. Aflatoxin production potential detected by A. flavusand A. parasiticus were screened using ELISA method. Aflatoxin potential detected in culture of Aspergillus flavus isolates was ranged from 57 to 310 ppb, while, the potential production aflatoxin for A. parasiticus isolates were ranged from 189 – 450 part per billion.
ALGORITMA IMAGE PROCESSING PENDUGAAN LUASAN SERANGAN PENYAKIT TUNGRO PADA PADI MELALUI PENDEKATAN FOTO UDARA
Authors: Megantara I Gede Arya , Wijaya I Made Anom S , Budisanjaya I Putu Gede 
Published: October 2018

Tungro merupakan salah satu penyebab kegagalan panen. Pendugaan luasan serangan sangat penting dilakukan untuk mengetahui besarnya serangan yang terjadi dan pendugaan hasil yang akan didapat. Foto udara merupakan salah satu teknologi yang dapat dikembangkan untuk menduga luasan serangan penyakit tungro. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan algoritma pendugaan luasan serangan penyakit tungro pada padi melalui pendekatan foto udara. Pengembangan algoritma pendugaan luas serangan menggunakan bantuan software Adobe Photoshop CS 6 dan Matlab R2013a. Penelitian ini terdiri dari beberapa tahapan, yaitu akuisisi citra, preprocessing, thresholding, operasi morfologi citra, perhitungan pixel, perhitungan luas serangan. Algoritma pendugaan luas serangan adalah akuisisi citra, normalisasi warna, mosaicking, resize, perhitungan skala, perhitungan pixel lahan, perhitungan pixel serangan dan perhitungan persentase serangan. Perhitungan pixel lahan menggunakan proses thresholding dan penjumlahan pixel. Perhitungan pixel serangan menggunakan thresholding otsu, operasi morfologi citra dan penjumlahan pixel. Perhitungan persentase serangan menggunakan perbandingan pixel serangan dengan pixel lahan. Uji T dilakukan terhadap data pendugaan persentase serangan dan perhitungan manual dengan menggunakan bantuan planimeter. Dari uji T didapatkan hasil bahwa kedua data memiliki besar yang sama. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa algoritma pendugaan image processing untuk menduga luasan serangan penyakit tungro adalah akuisisi citra, normalisasi warna, mosaicking, resize, perhitungan skala, perhitungan pixel lahan, perhitungan pixel serangan dan perhitungan persentase serangan.
The Right of Self-Determination: Its Emergence, Development, and Controversy
Authors: Manan Munafrizal 
Published: October 2018

This paper discusses the right of self-determinationfrom international law and international human rights law perspective. It traces the emergence and development of self-determination from political principle to human right. It also explores the controversy of the right of self-determination. There have been different and even contradictory interpretations of the right of self-determination. Besides, there is no consensus on the mechanism to apply the right of self-determination. Both international law and international human rights law are vague about this.
Pengadilan Sebagai Lembaga Penegakan Hukum (Perspektif Civil Law dan Common Law)
Authors: Triningsih Anna 
Published: October 2018

Law, as an justice institution run its functions through a specific process towards a certain direction in order to achieve justice. Justice now a days is needed as something concrete as the fulfillment of the most basic needs of the community. Law enforcement, in parliamentary life is run by the Government (the executive organs) and through the courts (judicial organ).There are different approaches in law enforcement. The rule of law in the Civil Law System which is shared by the countries in the European continent or land use law, also known as legal approach. In the Common Law System which is shared by the United Kingdom and the United Kingdom speaking countries, using the administration approach of the Administration, called the administration of justice. Implementation of the fundamental principles of the law, or because of its emphasis on the steps of a procedure in the event properly can make the law as an unrealistic myth, inefficient and far from the purpose of the law and implies the occurrence of loss of trust from the community, while the basic principles of administration, because of its emphasis on the achievement of business objectives efficiently will have implications for the lack of certainty in law enforcement that is essential for the achievement of Justice for everyone. Besides that addition, it also can be an opportunity for the Court arbitrariness because discretion has its wide open room. Every Legal Approach has its own advantages and disadvantages. Making option to choose which legal approach as an appropriate and good policy in law enforcement is related to the characteristics and level of knowledge of the community also the environment where these law applied.
Cita Demokrasi Indonesia dalam Politik Hukum Pengawasan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat terhadap Pemerintah
Authors: Ridlwan Zulkarnain 
Published: October 2018

Constitutional discourse can not be separated from the discussion on democracy building. The existence of the House of Representatives in Indonesia with its oversight function of government is one manifestation of democracy. With a historical approach juridical writings results of this study concluded that the statute law of political representative institutions is likely to continue to strengthen parliamentary oversight of government functions by providing additional instruments that can be used by the legislature as an institution and the individual members of the House to conduct oversight. The legal political tendencies are in accordance with the ideals of democracy in Indonesia who wanted representation of the people in the context of the embodiment of the people’s sovereignty in a representative body, but does not eliminate the critical power of the people to the ruler.
Penyelesaian Sengketa Pilkada Setelah Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 97/PUU-XI/2013
Authors: Nazriyah R. 
Published: October 2018

The problem to be studied in this paper is which body has the authority to resolve election disputes after the decision of the Constitutional Court? What are the considerations that the court overturned its own authority to resolve dispute elections? Based on the results of analysis it can be concluded that; first, based on the decision No. 97 / PUU-XI / 2013 of the Constitutional Court, it is considered that, “... the legislators are also able to determine that direct elections were not part of the formal Election as mentioned in section 22E of the 1945 Constitution. So that the dispute of the result is determined as an additional authority of the Supreme Court .. . “The second, the most appropriate agency to handle election disputes is the Supreme Court, which then delegates to the High Court in each region. If litigants are not satisfied with the decision of the High Court, they may appeal to the Supreme Court. Meanwhile, Law No. 1 2015 About Election of governors, regents, and mayors, was handed over to the Constitutional Court (although temporary) to resolve the election disputes. Therefore, it is immediate to establish regulations particularly the governing competent institution to resolve election disputes.
Eksistensi Badan Pertanahan Aceh sebagai Perangkat Daerah di Aceh dalam Aspek Kepastian Hukum Bidang Pertanahan
Authors: 'Ulya Zaki 
Published: October 2018

Under the provisions of Article 253 of Law No. 11 Year 2006 regarding Aceh Government insists on the transitional status of the Regional Office of the National Land Agency of Aceh and District Land Office / City into the device unit area of Aceh and district / city, which is limited to the budget end of 2008. However, the status of the new transition can be completed in the year 2015 with the issuance of Presidential Decree No. 23 Year 2015 on the transfer of the Regional Office of the National Land Agency of Aceh and District Land Office / City Land Agency Become Aceh and Aceh Land Office Regency / City. The problems that arise as a result of the enactment of legislation that is related to the authority of the President of the Regional Office of the National Land Agency of Aceh are still centralized, resulting in disharmony between the legal provisions of Law No. 11 of 2006 by Presidential Decree No. 23 Year 2015. The purpose of this paper is intended to examine the form of disharmony legal provisions of Article 253 of Law No. 11 Year 2006, which refers to Memorendum of Understanding (MoU). And, examine the impact of the authority of the National Land Agency of Aceh on the enforceability of Presidential Decree No. 23 Year 2015.
Faktor-Faktor yang Menyebabkan Materi Muatan Undang-Undang Bertentangan Dengan UUD 1945
Authors: Samosir Daniel 
Published: October 2018

In the term of office of the legislators 2004/2009 period, a lot of the Bills which passed into legislation were not in favour of the people. Because of that, those Bills became prejudice to the society due to the lack of conformation to what the people aspired to in the constitution (UUD 1945) which is the source and basis for the establishment of the legislation. Therefore, many legislation were tested with judicialreview by the constitutional court on the application of the public. Based on this judical review and the usage of normative research by the author, it is found that substances of the legislation are contrary to the constitution (UUD 1945). Because the legislation specified in the list of Prolegnas made by the parlement (DPR) and the President has not fully used clear, precise and consistent criteria. Therefore, the legislation established by parlement 2004/2009 period do not meet the principles of the establishment of the legislation according to the act Number 12 Year 2011 on the establishment of the legislation.
INVESTIGATION OF THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF AIR TO WATER HEAT EXCHANGER USING NANO-FLUIDS
Authors: Saeid Nawaf Hazim 
Published: October 2018

In the present study the three-dimensional numerical simulation is selected as a tool to investigate the effectiveness of a cross flow heat exchanger. Water is selected to be mixed with nano-particles and flow inside a circular pipe while a pure air is flowing across it. Numerical simulations is carried out under laminar flow for both water and air sides. The thickness of the pipe is neglected in the present preliminary study. From the physics of the problem, the governing parameters can be determined as: the Reynolds, the type and the volume fraction of the nono-fluid. The effect of these governing parameters is studied and the results are presented. The results show significant enhancement of heat transfer with introduction of nano-particles, such as titanium-oxide (TiO2) nano-powder, compared to the pure base fluid. The accuracy of the results presented in the present study depends on the accuracy of the effective properties of the nano-fluids, which are taken from the open literature. ABSTRAK: Dalam kajian ini, simulasi tiga dimensi berangka digunakan untuk mengkaji keberkesanan penukar haba aliran silang. Air dipilih untuk dicampurkan dengan zarah bersaiz nano dan dialirkan di dalam paip berbentuk bulat, sementara udara tulen mengalir melaluinya. Simulasi berangka dijalankan di bawah aliran lamina untuk kedua-dua belah air dan udara. Ketebalan paip diabaikan di dalam kajian permulaan ini. Dari sudut permasalahan fizik, parameter pengawal imbang boleh ditentukan sebagai: nombor Reynolds, jenis dan isipadu pecahan bendalir nano. Kesan parameter pengawal imbang ini dikaji dan keputusannya dibentangkan. Keputusan menunjukkan peningkatan pemindahan haba yang ketara dengan penggunaan zarah bersaiz nano seperti serbuk titanium oksida (TiO2), berbanding dengan bendalir tulen. Ketepatan keputusan kajian ini bergantung kepada ketepatan sifat-sifat efektif bendalir nano yang dirujuk daripada sumber maklumat terdahulu.
PERFORMANCE DETERIORATION OF THERMOSIPHON SOLAR FLAT PLATE WATER HEATER DUE TO SCALING
Authors: Chandavar Arunachala umesh 
Published: October 2018

The performance of Flat plate Solar Water Heater deteriorates within five to twelve years of their installation due to factors related to manufacturing, operating conditions, lack of maintenance etc. Especially, problem due to scaling is significant as it is based on quality of water used. The remaining factors are system dependent and could be overcome by quality production. Software is developed by incorporating Hottel Whillier Bliss (H-W-B) equation to ascertain the effect of scaling on system efficiency in case of thermosiphon system. In case of clean thermosiphon system, the instantaneous efficiency calculated at 1000 W/m2 radiation is 72 % and it drops to 46 % for 3.7 mm scale thickness. The mass flow rate is reduced by 90 % for 3.7 mm scale thickness. Whereas, the average temperature drop of water in the tank is not critical due to considerable heat content in water under severe scaled condition. But practically in case of major scale growth, some of the risers are likely to get blocked completely which leads to negligible temperature rise in the tank. ABSTRAK: Prestasi plat rata pemanas air suria merosot selepas lima hingga dua belas tahun pemasangannya disebabkan faktor-faktor yang berkaitan dengan pembuatannya, cara kendaliannya, kurangnya penyelenggaraan dan sebagainya. Terutama sekali, masalah disebabkan scaling (tembunan endapan mineral) perlu diambil berat kerana ianya bergantung kepada kualiti air yang digunakan. Faktor-faktor selebihya bersandarkan sistem dan ia boleh diatasi dengan mempertingkatkan kualiti pembuatannya. Perisian komputer dihasilkan dengan menggunakan persamaan Hottel Whillier Bliss (H-W-B) untuk menentukan kesan scaling terhadap kecekapan sistem dalam termosifon. Dalam sistem termosifon bersih, kecekapan seketika dikira pada 1000 W/m2 , pada kadar radiasi 72 % dan ianya jatuh kepada 46 % untuk ketebalan skala 3.7 mm. Kadar aliran jisim berkurangan sebanyak 90 % untuk ketebalan skala 3.7 mm. Manakala, penurunan suhu purata air di dalam tangki tidaklah kritikal, disebabkan oleh kandungan haba yang tinggi di dalam air di bawah keadaan kerak yang teruk. Tetapi dalam kes tumbesaran kerak yang genting, sesetengah penaik akan tersumbat sepenuhnya, mengakibatkan peningkatan suhu di dalam tangki boleh diabaikan.