bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for the treatment of traumatic brain injury: progress and prospects
Authors: Das Mahasweta , Mayilsamy Karthick , Mohapatra Shyam S. , Mohapatra Subhra 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of injury-related mortality and morbidity in the USA and around the world. The survivors may suffer from cognitive and memory deficits, vision and hearing loss, movement disorders, and different psychological problems. The primary insult causes neuronal damage and activates astrocytes and microglia which evokes immune responses causing further damage to the brain. Clinical trials of drugs to recover the neuronal loss are not very successful. Regenerative approaches for TBI using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seem promising. Results of preclinical research have shown that transplantation of MSCs reduced secondary neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation, promoted neurogenesis and angiogenesis, and improved functional outcome in the experimental animals. The functional improvement is not necessarily related to cell engraftment; rather, immunomodulation by molecular factors secreted by MSCs is responsible for the beneficial effects of this therapy. However, MSC therapy has a few drawbacks including tumor formation, which can be avoided by the use of MSC-derived exosomes. This review has focused on the research works published in the field of regenerative therapy using MSCs after TBI and its future direction.
Intertextuality as a strategy of glocalization: A comparative study of Nike’s and Adidas’s 2008 advertising campaigns in China
Authors: Li Songqing 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper examines within the theoretical framework of intertextuality the mobilization of glocalization as an international marketing strategy in Nike’s and Adidas’s 2008 advertising campaigns in China. Intertextuality is seen as a form of mediation through which the glocalization strategy conducted within the domain of global marking is taken up in the domain of advertising communication. The paper also assumes the interrelations of intertextual performance to value orientations and group affiliations. By analyzing intertextuality in relation to affinity groups, it aims to resolve to some extent the conundrum of Nike’s more successful than Adidas in the sportswear market of China in a social-semiotic perspective. Two print ads constituting a representative example of the corpus were selected for a qualitative analysis. The comparative analysis of intertextuality reveals the contrasting methods of glocalization applied by Nike and Adidas in their 2008 advertising campaigns, thus offering an explanation for Nike’s triumph in competition with Adidas in China.
Sign systems: The dawn of earliest mankind
Authors: Ruben Aarne 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe early Pleistocene hunt scene was instant: when an antelope jerked in the water edge, the first “drivers” of the hunt were already in motion; the moment of outburst after a long ambush lasted less than second. The sudden hunt movements were typical of every prey-abundant landscape since even earlier geological periods. The analysis of Laetoli footprints made by our evolutionary ancestors more than three millions years ago indicates that in a randomly chosen moment, the landscape was full of animals of different species. The language used in the attack moment has to be agitative, only vowels in clausure between two consonants. During the process of further development, those consonants became more and more similar to delimitators, the borders where intrasemiotic realities translate extrasemiotic environment. Speech is an old Paleolithic tool for directing hunters to the useful positions. It was rather an instrument of a leader than grooming “clicks” of kin’s females.
Acceptance: a factor to consider in persistent pain after neck trauma
Authors: Åkerblom Sophia , Larsson Johan , Malmström Eva-Maj , Persson Elisabeth , Westergren Hans 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background and aims
Studies on the interaction between acceptance and pain-related processes after neck trauma are to our knowledge sparse and such treatment strategies are rarely incorporated in management and treatment of posttraumatic neck pain. Thus, the aim of the present study is to investigate how acceptance relates to persistent pain in patients after neck trauma, when controlling for the influence of other psychological factors, trauma characteristics and demographic variables.

Methods
Consecutive patients with persistent pain and disability after neck trauma (n = 565) were assessed by a multi-professional team at a specialized pain rehabilitation clinic. Separate regression analyses were conducted with three outcomes: pain distribution, pain interference, and pain severity. Predictors were age, sex, education, time since trauma, type of trauma, anxiety, depression, and acceptance.

Results
Acceptance was the only factor associated with all outcomes, and patients with lower acceptance displayed more widespread pain and greater interference and severity of pain. The results also showed that higher depression was associated with worse pain interference and severity, whilst anxiety only mattered significantly for pain severity and not for pain interference. Female sex was related to more widespread pain and greater pain interference.

Conclusions
Overall acceptance stood out as the most important factor for the different outcomes and lower acceptance was associated with more widespread pain distribution and greater pain interference and severity.

Implications
The findings of this study add to a growing body of literature confirming that the development of chronicity after neck trauma should be understood as a multidimensional process, best described by a biopsychosocial model. The results also suggest that psychological factors and especially acceptance might be important processes with implications for enhanced recovery after neck trauma.
Computational Study of Ru2TiZ (Z = Si, Ge, Sn) for Structural, Mechanical and Vibrational Properties
Authors: Iftikhar Aneeza , Afaq A. , Ahmad Iftikhar , Bakar Abu , Munir H. Bushra , Aarifeen Najm ul , Asif Muhammad 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The structural, mechanical and vibrational properties of Ru2TiZ (Z = Si, Ge, Sn) Full Heusler Alloys (FHAs) are computed using PBE-GGA as an exchange-correlation functional in Kohn–Sham equations. The calculated lattice constants of these alloys in L21 phase deviate from experimental values upto 0.85 % which shows a good agreement between the model and the experiments. These lattice constants are then used to compute the second order elastic constants C
11, C
12 and C
44 with Wien2k-code. Elastic moduli and mechanical parameters are also calculated by these three independent elastic constants. Mechanical parameters Pugh’s and Poisson’s ratio indicate non-brittle nature of these alloys. Furthermore, the Debye temperature where the collective vibrations shift to an independent thermal vibration, longitudinal and transverse sound velocities, melting temperatures, and thermal conductivities are also obtained to investigate the phonon modes of oscillation. These phonon modes confirm the stability of these alloys as there exists no imaginary phonon frequency in the phonon-dispersion curves.
Recent Advances in the Colloidal Synthesis of Ternary Transition Metal Phosphides
Authors: Kolny-Olesiak Joanna 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Transition metal phosphides are interesting candidates for application as catalysts in electrochemical water splitting or heteroatom removal reactions, energy storage, and magnetic refrigeration. Metal phosphides can adopt a wide range of stoichiometries, and have metallic or semiconducting properties. The electronic and magnetic characteristics of metal phosphides can be further controlled by changing the size and the shape of the crystallites and by combining two different metals. In this review, the wet-chemical methods to synthesize such ternary Fe, Co, and Ni phosphides are summarised. First, an overview of the general synthetic strategies and the crystallographic structure of the related materials is given. Then, examples of the synthesis of several ternary phosphides are described, and the motivation for synthesising the specific materials is discussed.
Performance Evaluation of Newly Developed True Triaxial Stress Loading and Pore Pressure Applying System to Simulate the Reservoir Depletion and Injection
Authors: Atapour Hadi , Mortazavi Ali 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
A new true triaxial stress loading and pore pressure applying apparatus (TTSL-PPAA) has been designed and fabricated for testing relatively large rock specimens under high-stress levels and pore fluid pressures. The system has the capability of simultaneously monitoring the stresses and strains in three principal stress directions, applied pore pressures, and flow rate of depletion and injection fluids. The apparatus is specially designed to simulate depletion/injection processes of the reservoir under TTSL and uniaxial strain or constant stress boundary conditions. The depletion/injection simulations are being used to study the in situ stress changes and consequently reservoir compaction induced by fluid production and injection. Knowledge of in situ stress variations with reservoir pore pressure depletion and injection is important in a multidisciplinary approach for accurate reservoir characterization, optimal reservoir management, and enhanced oil recovery projects. In addition to depletion/injection tests, the developed system has the potential to be used in different geomechanical investigations such as stress–strain experiments, permeability assessment, wellbore stability studies, hydraulic fracturing simulations, and sand production tests. The TTSL-PPAA permits mechanical testing of rock specimens of up to 30 cm in size and hydro-mechanical testing at the presence of high pore pressure on specimens of up to 15 cm in dimension. The reliability and effectiveness of the newly developed apparatus were checked by different testing programs and numerical modeling. This manuscript describes the design, development, performance evaluation and preliminary use of the developed TTSL apparatus for petroleum related geomechanics investigations, especially for the depletion/injection simulations.
Diamonds in the Kamchatka Peninsula (Tolbachik and Avacha Volcanoes): Natural Origin or Contamination?
Authors: Pokhilenko N.P. , Shumilova T.G. , Afanas’ev V.P. , Litasov K.D. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
—Lavas of the Kamchatka volcanoes store cubic-octahedral diamonds identical in morphology and structure to synthetic crystals, and their natural origin is doubted. Judging by published data, the diamonds discovered in the Tolbachik lavas are similar to synthetic diamonds made by different producers, and the analyzed samples rather result from contamination with synthetic material. Ophiolite-hosted diamonds reported from Europe, China, Mongolia, and Polar Urals look like the Tolbachik diamonds and are of the same type. The similarity between crystals coming from geologically dissimilar objects indicates that contamination may occur in those cases as well. Thus, diamonds found in unusual hosts or geologic settings require careful checking. These findings have to be reproduced repeatedly in other in situ samples and approved by independent experts; with all respect to the priority of the first finders, the sampling sites should be open to many researchers, especially the respective specialists. The inevitable disproval of false diamond findings is discouraging and discredits the true discoveries. Possible contamination with synthetic or natural material from cutting tools has to be excluded in all newly found diamonds before claiming their natural origin.
Geochemistry and Isotopic Age of Zircons from Rocks of Ultramafic Massifs in the Southern Folded Framing of the São Francisco Craton (Southeastern Brazil)
Authors: Lesnov F.P. , Pinheiro M.A.P. , Sergeev S.A. , Medvedev N.S. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
—We present the first data on the geochemistry and isotopic age of zircons from rocks of the Roseta (lherzolite and olivine orthopyroxenite) and Córrego da Areia (olivine orthopyroxenite) ultramafic massifs localized among Archean–Proterozoic metamorphic strata in the southern folded framing of the São Francisco Craton. The examined zircons differ in crystal morphology, the intensity and type of cathodoluminescence, oscillatory zoning, the distribution of trace elements, and U–Pb isotopic age. Zircon crystals from the Roseta lherzolite have an age of 800-728 Ma and show negligible cathodoluminescence. Some of them have reaction rims with an age of 663–619 Ma. The crystal cores are enriched in rare earth elements (REE) but are often depleted in U as compared with the reaction rims. The age of zircons from the Roseta olivine orthopyroxenite showing moderate cathodoluminescence is within 622.6–596.9 Ma. Zircons from the Córrego da Areia olivine orthopyroxenite show moderate to intense cathodoluminescence and often have a rhythmic oscillatory zoning. They are characterized by an uneven distribution of REE and other trace elements and have high contents of U and Th. Most of these zircons have an ancient isotopic age (2558–2100 Ma). The examined zircons are of several types: relict, xenogenic, syngenetic, and epigenetic. The Roseta and Córrego da Areia massifs are considered to be protrusive outliers of a deep-seated Precambrian mafic–ultramafic complex, which were tectonically transferred along faults into the intensely metamorphosed Archean–Proterozoic strata in the southern folded framing of the São Francisco Craton.
The Sources of Paleoproterozoic Collisional Granitoids (Sharyzhalgai Uplift, Southwestern Siberian Craton): from Lithospheric Mantle to Upper Crust
Authors: Turkina O.M. , Kapitonov I.N. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
—The paper presents the geochemical and isotope characteristics of rocks and the U–Pb age and Lu–Hf isotope composition of zircons from three plutons of Paleoproterozoic granitoids in the Sharyzhalgai uplift (southwestern Siberian craton). The age of granitoids of the Toisuk (1838 ± 6 and 1827 ± 9 Ma), Nizhnii Kitoi (1846 ± 7 Ma), and Malaya Belaya (1863 ± 16 Ma) plutons corresponds to the Late Paleoproterozoic collision stage and is correlated with the time of mafic magmatism. The studied rocks have a wide range of silica contents. The Toisuk pluton is composed of a range of rocks from monzodiorites to granodiorites (granosyenites) and granites; the Nizhnii Kitoi pluton, of granodiorites and granites; and the Malaya Belaya pluton, of leucogranites. The rocks of the three plutons are highly ferroan, enriched in LREE, Th, and HFSE, and correspond in composition to A-type granitoids. A characteristic feature of melanocratic granitoids of the Toisuk and Nizhnii Kitoi plutons is extremely high contents of Ba: 4080–1500 ppm and 1560–990 ppm, respectively. Based on analysis of experimental data on the melting of various substrates and the results of numerical simulation, it is assumed that monzodiorite–granodiorites of the Toisuk pluton and granodiorites of the Nizhnii Kitoi pluton resulted from the differentiation/melting of a mafic source similar in Ba and Sr contents to intraplate continental basalts. The isotope compositions of zircon and melanocratic granitoids of the Toisuk (εHf from –6.0 to –10.7 and εNd from –5.3 to –10.2) and Nizhnii Kitoi (εHf from –5.0 to –8.1 and εNd = –4.0 and –5.1) plutons argue for the generation of their mafic sources from the enriched lithospheric mantle formed as a result of Neoarchean subduction processes. Vein granites of the Toisuk pluton and leucogranites of the Malaya Belaya pluton formed through the melting of quartz–feldspar (granodiorite) substrate. The contrasting isotope parameters of the Toisuk vein granites (εHf from –6.7 to –10.1, zircons, and εNd = –5.5, rock) and Malaya Belaya leucogranites (εHf from 2.9 to 5.9, zircons, and εNd from +0.7 to –1.9, rocks) indicate melting of the Archean and Paleoproterozoic crust, respectively. The more radiogenic Hf isotope composition of zircons from vein granites as compared with rocks of the Archean crust of the Irkut terrane is evident of the contribution of juvenile material to the granite formation.
Effect of Transmitter Current Waveform on Transient Electromagnetic Responses
Authors: Antonov E.Yu. , Mogilatov V.S. , Epov M.I. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
—The theoretical studies and methodological guidelines for transient electromagnetic (TEM) surveys assume an ideal step turn-off of transmitter current. Yet, the pulse duration in the survey practice is nonzero: It depends on penetration depth and has economic or logistic limitations. The turn-off time, which cannot be too short for technical reasons, affects especially the late-time transient responses, while the transmitter waveform is more essential at early times. Therefore, forward calculations of voltage decay should take into account the real parameters of the turn-off ramp. Earlier it was suggested to use transmitter current of a special waveform to improve the resolution of TEM soundings, e.g., in the designed and successfully tested compensation method. In this study the problem is treated from a broader perspective, in terms of TE and TM polarization of the TEM field. The two components are excited by different sources and behave in different ways in responses of a two-layer earth with a resistive lower layer to transmitter current of different waveforms.
Gold-Bearing Pyrrhotite Ores in East Sayan: Composition and Formation Conditions (by the Example of the Ol’ginskoe Ore Occurrence)
Authors: Damdinov B.B. , Damdinova L.B. , Zhmodik S.M. , Mironov A.G. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
—We present results of study of the chemical composition, formation conditions, and genesis of gold-bearing pyrite–pyrrhotite ores widespread within the ophiolite belts in the southeast of East Sayan. The study was performed at the Ol’ginskoe ore occurrence localized in the Ol’gino gold ore zone. Sulfide mineralization zones are composed of lenticular interbeds and bodies subconfoimable with the bedding of the enclosing schist strata. The ores are carbonaceous siliceous garnet–biotite schists variably enriched in sulfide minerals, mainly pyrrhotite, with impurities of other silicate minerals: tremolite, chlorite, albite, plagioclase, diopside, and epidote. In addition, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, and arsenopyrite are present in small amounts in the ores. The established Р–Т conditions of ore metamorphism (T = 430–540 °C, P ~ 5 kbar) correspond to the lower boundary of the epidote–amphibolite facies. Thermobarogeochemical studies of fluid inclusions in vein quartz showed close temperatures (536–340 °C) but lower pressures, 200–800 bars, which indicates that the quartz vein formation was related to a pressure drop. The predominant salts of the fluid inclusions are Fe and Mg chlorides with Na and K impurities. The geologic location, structures, textures, and mineral, geochemical, and isotope compositions of the studied sulfide ores indicate their formation in submarine deep-water environments as a result of the activity of hydrothermal systems, analogues of “black smokers”, later subjected to metamorphism. During metamorphism, primary ores underwent mineral and chemical transformations: pyrrhotitization of pyrite, appearance and coarsening of native gold particles, and redistribution of components (Mn, As, etc). The low contents of gold and some ore-forming elements (Zn, Cu, and Pb) in pyrrhotite ores testify to the removal of these elements with a metamorphogenic fluid. The removed ore-forming components might have been a source of material for later gold–sulfide–quartz deposits of the Urik–Kitoi zone in East Sayan.
Reconstruction of Magma Flow in Permo–Triassic Intrusions of the Angara–Taseeva Syneclise (Siberian Platform) Based on Magnetic Susceptibility Anisotropy Data
Authors: Latyshev A.V. , Ul’yakhina P.S. , Veselovskii R.V. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
—Based on detailed studies of the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS), the directions of magmatic-melt propagation have been reconstructed in large dolerite sills of the Angara–Taseeva syneclise. Half the sites studied showed a magnetic fabric of “normal” type, i.e., the minimum K3 axis of the AMS ellipsoid is orthogonal to the contact, and the other two axes lie in the plane of the intrusive body. Interpreting the orientation of the maximum K1 axis as the direction of the melt flow at such sites, we compiled a scheme of the main magma flow directions. The obtained results are generally consistent with the hypothesis of magma-feeding zone in the central, most downwarped part of the Angara–Taseeva depression. The distribution of the maximum axes of the AMS ellipsoid is different in sills and points to the existence of local intrusion centers. Intrusions with an AMS ellipsoid of “reverse” type are predominant on the periphery of the depression. The sites with a “normal” magnetic fabric do not demonstrate any prevailing direction of magma propagation, because there is no general direction of the melt flow in the peripheral subsurface zones of large intrusions.
A Model of Keyboard-Like Nonuniform Exhumation as a Possible Cause Zoning of Metallogenic Belts in Folded Areas (Eastern Transbaikalia and Southern Primorye)
Authors: Kigai I.N. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
—Zoning of metallogenic belts is observed in folded areas of all metallogenic epochs from Precambrian to Cenozoic. The changes observed across the strike of folded areas on geological mapping are usually treated as geodynamic, petrometallogenic, or temporal specialization of corresponding belts (terranes) and zones. However, there are serious petrological reasons to expect a significant downward change in the basicity of magmatites and the composition of related mineralization in folded areas. The change may be caused both by relationships between the densities of magmas and country rocks and by relationships between the solidus temperatures of different magmas and the thermal gradient pattern on the magma ascent path. More basic magmatites and related mineralization should be detained at the deeper levels of the lithosphere because of the higher density and higher solidus temperature of magmas. During orogeny, the vertical differential movements of several adjacent terranes located between deep-seated faults can create keyboard-like structures composed of parallel belts variously uplifted and subsided, similarly to white and black keys of a piano. In belts and blocks of such structures more uplifted and then more subjected to denudation, the ore-magmatic complexes earlier located at deeper levels can expose at the surface. As a result, zoning of metallogenic belts can form, which is totally or only partly related to the metallogenic specialization of structure-facies zones and terranes. The possibility of this origin of zoning of metallogenic belts is shown with the use of geophysical data for two important ore-producing regions of Russia — eastern Transbaikalia and southeastern Primorye. The above model is proposed as one of the possible ways of metallogenic-belt formation in some other folded areas.
The author hopes that this work will stimulate a more profound analysis of the nature of metallogenic-belt zoning in the considered and other world regions with the use of modern geophysical methods. The use of the described regularities of the storied arrangement of magmatites of different basicity and oxidation states and genetically related hydrothermal ores may facilitate prospecting for ores of different metals and their 3D forecasting in keyboard-like structures of Phanerozoic orogens and ancient platforms.