bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of childbirth readiness and its associated factors and consequences in pregnant women referring to health centers in Tabriz, Iran and providing strategies to promote childbirth readiness: a sequential explanatory mixed method study protocol
Authors: Alizadeh-Dibazari Zohreh , Abbasalizadeh Fatemeh , Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi Sakineh , Mirghafourvand Mojgan 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundChildbirth readiness encompasses interventions conducted during pregnancy that encourage pregnant women, their families and communities to plan for a healthy pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum period. It enhances women’s childbirth experience and diminishes maternal mortality rates. This study seeks to assess the level of childbirth readiness, relevant factors and outcomes among pregnant women who have completed 37 or more weeks of gestational age and are attending health centres in Tabriz, Iran. The objective is to offer strategies for enhancing childbirth readiness.Methods and analysisThis sequential explanatory mixed-method study comprises three phases. The initial quantitative phase involves a descriptive-analytical longitudinal study focusing on pregnant women at 37 weeks of gestation or beyond. The quantitative data will be gathered by the sociodemographic and obstetric information questionnaire, the childbirth readiness scale, the pregnancy experience scale, the Wijma delivery expectancy/experience questionnaire (version A) (W-DEQ-Version A), the childbirth experience questionnaire-2, the childbirth outcome checklist, the Edinburgh’s postnatal depression scale (EPDS), the postpartum specific anxiety scale research short-form, the next pregnancy desire questionnaire and the exclusive breastfeeding checklist. In the subsequent qualitative phase, purposive sampling will be employed, and data will be collected through individual, in-depth and semi-structured interviews featuring open-ended questions. Data analysis will be conducted using conventional content analysis techniques. In the final mixed-method phase, strategies to enhance childbirth readiness will be formulated by integrating findings from the quantitative and qualitative studies, a comprehensive literature review, and employing the Delphi method.Ethics and disseminationThis study has received approval from the Ethics Committee of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in Tabriz, Iran (code number: IR.TBZMED.REC.1401.557). All participants will provide written informed consent before taking part in the study. The outcomes will be shared through articles published in journals, presentations at medical conferences, the validation of a reliable scale for assessing the level of childbirth readiness in pregnant women and the development of a policy brief outlining supportive strategies to improve childbirth readiness. These resources will be valuable for healthcare providers.
Understanding street-exposure and abuse among street-involved children and youth in Kenya: structural intervention insights from routinely collected program data
Authors: Goodman Michael , Munene Kelvin , Gardner Nora , Gitari Stanley 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundStreet-involved children and youth (SICY) face significant challenges, including structural and social exclusion, and multiple forms of abuse. Global estimates indicate there are 10–15 million SICY worldwide, with over 250 000 in Kenya alone. There is limited understanding of the timing of these abuse experiences, which may inform interventional efforts.MethodsThis study analysed relationships between the duration of street exposure, sleep location and experiences of abuse among formerly SICY (aged 6–19 years) in Kenya. Data were collected from participants in the Watoto wa Ahadi Rescue Center programme over a 6-year period (2016–2022). Abuse experiences were categorised into physical, emotional, economic and sexual abuse. Statistical analyses, including Lowess-curve plots and piecewise logit regression, were used to explore the relationships between street exposure duration, sleep location and reported abuse experiences.ResultsThe sample consisted of 228 unique children, predominantly male, with a mean age of 13.2 years. Physical abuse (37%), emotional abuse (36%), economic abuse (28%) and any abuse (69%) were common, while sexual abuse (5.7%) was less frequently reported. The probability of experiencing abuse varied with the duration of street exposure, with significant increases observed for those on the street for 3 weeks or more. Sleeping under verandas was associated with higher odds of economic abuse and any type of abuse. Longer street exposure did not further increase the odds of physical, economic or any abuse beyond 10 months.ConclusionsChildren and youth living on the streets experience high levels of abuse, underscoring the need for data-informed, trauma-informed approaches to support their reintegration. The findings highlight the importance of early intervention and tailored strategies that address the specific timing and types of abuse experienced by SICY. Policy and funding should focus on preventing street migration, providing alternative living locations and supporting long-term reintegration efforts to protect and empower SICY.
Predicting troponin biomarker elevation from electrocardiograms using a deep neural network
Authors: Hilgendorf Lukas , Petursson Petur , Gupta Vibha , Ramunddal Truls , Andersson Erik , Lundgren Peter , Dworeck Christian , Ljungman Charlotta , Boren Jan , Rawshani Aidin , Omerovic Elmir , Smith Gustav , Mandalenakis Zacharias , Skoglund Kristofer , Rawshani Araz 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundElevated troponin levels are a sensitive biomarker for cardiac injury. The quick and reliable prediction of troponin elevation for patients with chest pain from readily available ECGs may pose a valuable time-saving diagnostic tool during decision-making concerning this patient population.Methods and resultsThe data used included 15 856 ECGs from patients presenting to the emergency rooms with chest pain or dyspnoea at two centres in Sweden from 2015 to June 2023. All patients had high-sensitivity troponin test results within 6 hours after 12-lead ECG. Both troponin I (TnI) and TnT were used, with biomarker-specific cut-offs and sex-specific cut-offs for TnI. On this dataset, a residual convolutional neural network (ResNet) was trained 10 times, each on a unique split of the data. The final model achieved an average area under the curve for the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.7717 (95% CI±0.0052), calibration curve analysis revealed a mean slope of 1.243 (95% CI±0.075) and intercept of −0.073 (95% CI±0.034), indicating a good correlation between prediction and ground truth. Post-classification, tuned for F1 score, accuracy was 71.43% (95% CI±1.28), with an F1 score of 0.5642 (95% CI±0.0052) and a negative predictive value of 0.8660 (95% CI±0.0048), respectively. The ResNet displayed comparable or surpassing metrics to prior presented models.ConclusionThe model exhibited clinically meaningful performance, notably its high negative predictive accuracy. Therefore, clinical use of comparable neural networks in first-line, quick-response triage of patients with chest pain or dyspnoea appears as a valuable option in future medical practice.
Algebraic realisation of three fermion generations with $$S_3$$ family and unbroken gauge symmetry from $$\mathbb {C}\ell (8)$$
Authors: Gourlay Liam , Gresnigt Niels 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBuilding on previous work, we extend an algebraic realisation of three fermion generations within the complex Clifford algebra $$\mathbb {C}\ell (8)$$

C
ℓ
(
8
)

by incorporating a $$U(1)_{em}$$

U

(
1
)

em

gauge symmetry. The algebra $$\mathbb {C}\ell (8)$$

C
ℓ
(
8
)

corresponds to the algebra of complex linear maps from the (complexification of the) Cayley–Dickson algebra of sedenions, $$\mathbb {S}$$
S
, to itself. Previous work represented three generations of fermions with $$SU(3)_C$$

S
U

(
3
)

C

colour symmetry permuted by an $$S_3$$

S
3

symmetry of order-three, but failed to include a U(1) generator that assigns the correct electric charge to all states. Furthermore, the three generations suffered from a degree of linear dependence between states. By generalising the embedding of the discrete group $$S_3$$

S
3

, corresponding to automorphisms of $$\mathbb {S}$$
S
, into $$\mathbb {C}\ell (8)$$

C
ℓ
(
8
)

, we include an $$S_3$$

S
3

-invariant U(1) that correctly assigns electric charge. First-generation states are represented in terms of two even $$\mathbb {C}\ell (8)$$

C
ℓ
(
8
)

semi-spinors, obtained from two minimal left ideals, related to each other via the order-two $$S_3$$

S
3

symmetry. The remaining two generations are obtained by applying the $$S_3$$

S
3

symmetry of order-three to the first generation. In this model, the gauge symmetries, $$SU(3)_C\times U(1)_{em}$$

S
U

(
3
)

C

×
U

(
1
)

em

, are $$S_3$$

S
3

-invariant and preserve the semi-spinors. As a result of the generalised embedding of the $$S_3$$

S
3

automorphisms of $$\mathbb {S}$$
S
into $$\mathbb {C}\ell (8)$$

C
ℓ
(
8
)

, the three generations are now linearly independent.
Evaluation of Quality of Life in First‐Degree Relatives of Patients With Hidradenitis Suppurativa Using Family Dermatology Life Quality Index
Authors: Javaheri Rojan , Handjani Farhad , Parvizi Mohammad Mahdi , Bouazzi Dorra , Jemec Gregor Borut Ernst 
Published: October 2024

Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects the quality of life (QoL) of afflicted patients. This current study was designed to assess the QoL of first‐degree relatives of HS patients and the various associated parameters.Methods: We conducted this cross‐sectional study at the Outpatient Dermatology Clinics of Shahid Faghihi Hospital and Imam Reza Clinic, affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, from 2021 to 2022. Thirty‐nine first‐degree relatives of thirty‐nine patients with HS were selected to enter this cross‐sectional study, through the census sampling method. The Family Dermatology Life Quality Index (FDLQI) was used to determine the scores.Results: A total of 39 patients (24 men and 15 women) with HS were included in the present study. The mean total score of the FDLQI questionnaire was 9.10 ± 6.77, which indicates a moderate impact on the QoL of the first‐degree relatives of HS patients. In HS patients with underlying diseases, FDLQI scores were greater. Other first‐degree relatives had a higher average overall FDLQI score than the patient’s spouse. Comorbid first‐degree relatives showed considerably higher FDLQI scores than those without. FDLQI scores increased with first‐kin age.Conclusion: The FDLQI score of first‐degree relatives of HS patients is considerably affected by any other underlying condition. Additionally, FDLQI scores were substantially associated with the first‐degree relative’s relationship with the patient (spouse vs. other relation) and the patient’s and relative’s underlying diseases.
The Correlation Between Serum Tumor Markers and Liver Metastasis of Lung Cancer
Authors: Bu Xiaoyuan , Shi Xintong , Wu Yingjun , Wu Yinxiang , Li Lu , Gao Liping , Xiao Zhiwei , Chen Jiquan 
Published: October 2024

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between the changes of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), neuron‐specific enolase (NSE), keratin‐19 fragment antigen 21‐1 (cyfra21‐1), and liver metastases of lung cancer.Methods: Eighty patients who had lung cancer that had spread to their liver diagnosed in our hospital from October 2021 to October 2023 (Group A), 80 individuals with advanced lung cancer who have metastasized to other sites (Group B), and 80 individuals with lung cancer who have not spread (control group) were selected as the study objects. LDH, NSE, and serum cyfra21‐1 levels of patients in the three groups were detected, and pathological results were used as the diagnostic gold standard. ROC curves were drawn to examine the clinical value of NSE, cyfra21‐1, and LDH levels in the distinct types of lung cancer identification of liver metastases.Results: There was no remarkable variation in pathological types among the three groups (p > 0.05), but there were remarkable variations in TNM stage and lymph node metastasis among the three groups (p < 0.05). The levels of cyfra21‐1, NSE, and LDH in Group A and Group B were greater compared to those in the control group (p < 0.05), and the levels of cyfra21‐1, NSE, and LDH in Group A were greater compared to those in Group B (p < 0.05). The critical value, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of serum cyfra21‐1 in the distinct identification of liver metastasis of lung cancer were 8.22 ng/mL, 37.42%, 65.18%, and 0.508, respectively. The critical value, sensitivity, specificity, and AUC of NSE for distinct types of lung cancer identification of liver metastases were 23.96 ng/mL, 64.56%, 81.23%, and 0.723, respectively. The critical value, sensitivity, specificity, and AUC of LDH for differential diagnosis of liver metastasis of lung cancer were 304.78 U/L, 75.65%, 85.73%, and 0.821.Conclusion: The serum levels of NSE, cyfra21‐1, and LDH in patients with liver metastasis of lung cancer were remarkably greater compared to patients without liver metastasis, which can be useful as a clinical auxiliary in determining lung cancer metastasis.
A Cone‐Beam Computed Tomography Evaluation of C‐Shaped Canal Configuration in Maxillary Molars Among an Iranian Population
Authors: Nikkerdar Nafiseh , Moslehi Mohammad , Golshah Amin 
Published: October 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and configuration of C‐shaped canal morphology in maxillary molars in an Iranian population residing in Kermanshah Province of Iran using cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT).Materials and Methods: This cross‐sectional study was conducted on 2290 CBCT scans of 804 maxillary first molars, 1049 maxillary second molars, and 437 maxillary third molars. The Maxillary Upper‐C Classification System was used for the detection of C‐shaped canal morphology, and the classification by Jo et al. was used for assessment of the configuration of C‐shaped canals. Data were analyzed by the Chi‐square test (α = 0.05).Results: The prevalence of C‐shaped canals in the maxillary first, second, and third molars was 1%, 7%, and 9%, respectively. Type III other types (B‐P) was the most frequent configuration followed by type I subtype C (MB‐DB). The prevalence of C‐shaped canal morphology was not significantly different among different age groups (p  > 0.05); however, its prevalence in females was almost twice that in males (p  < 0.05). The prevalence of C‐shaped canals was not significantly different in the right and left quadrants (p = 0.099). The most frequent configuration was type I subtype B (DB‐P) in males, and type III other types (B‐P) in females (p = 0.364).Conclusion: The prevalence of C‐shaped canals in maxillary first, second, and third molars was 1%, 7%, and 9%, respectively. C‐shaped canals were more common in females, and type III other types (B‐P) was the most frequent configuration in our study population.
Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Comparative Studies: Transcatheter Versus Surgical Closure for Postinfarct Ventricular Septal Defect
Authors: Yamaguchi Akira , Shimamura Junichi , Fukuhara Shinichi , Ueyama Hiroki , Takagi Hisato , Kuno Toshiki 
Published: October 2024

Background: Postinfarct ventricular septal defect (PIVSD) is a serious complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Transcatheter closure is a potential alternative to surgical closure for PIVSD patients.Objective: This meta‐analysis compares the clinical outcomes of transcatheter closure versus surgical closure for PIVSD.Methods: A systemic search of PubMed and Embase until January 2023 identified studies comparing transcatheter versus surgical PIVSD closure. Primary outcomes included short‐term mortality. Short‐term mortality referred to the number of in‐hospital or 30‐day deaths. Secondary outcomes comprised residual shunt/reintervention incidence, difference in time from AMI or PIVSD diagnosis to intervention, the presence of cardiogenic shock, incidence of perioperative mechanical support, PIVSD size difference, and overall mortality at follow‐up.Results: Seven studies comprising 603 patients were included. Short‐term mortality (OR, 1.30; 95% CI [0.90, 1.89]; p = 0.17; I2  = 3.0%) did not significantly differ between the two groups. The incidence of residual shunt/reintervention (OR, 3.56; CI, 1.33–9.59; p = 0.01; I2  = 63.0%) and PIVSD size (mean difference, −3.94 mm; CI [−6.90, −0.99]; p = 0.09; I2  = 83.0%) were significantly different; however, the other secondary outcomes were not significantly different.Conclusion: Transcatheter and surgical closure demonstrate similar short‐term mortality. Despite a higher incidence of residual shunt or reintervention in transcatheter closure, it may be a viable option in patients with small size of PIVSD.
BTN2A1: A Novel Target to Boost Tumor Killing Capacity of Human γδ T Cells
Authors: Kabelitz Dieter 
Published: October 2024

γδ T cells have recently raised great interest as effector cells in cancer immunotherapy because of their HLA-independent mode of action and their broad tumor reactivity. To translate the application of γδ T cells into clinically effective immunotherapies, specific tumor targeting and/or boosting of γδ T-cell activation in vivo seem to be a critical step. In this issue, Le Floch and colleagues report a new strategy for enabling γδ T cells to be specifically activated to kill acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells and solid tumor cells using agonistic BTN2A1 antibodies.
See related article by Le Floch et al., p. 1677
Prenominal Adverbs, or Apparent Selectional Violations in Coordination
Authors: Przepiórkowski Adam , Patejuk Agnieszka 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A robust generalization about coordinate structures is that X and Y may be conjoined in position P if and only if each of X and Y alone may occur in P. In particular, different grammatical categories (e.g., the NP a Republican and the AdjP proud of it) may be coordinated in a position that allows for either (e.g., Pat is [a Republican and proud of it]; Sag et al. 1985). Apparent violations of this generalization are sometimes taken as evidence for an asymmetric structure of coordination, where a single conjunct determines categorial features of the coordinate structure. Bruening and Al Khalaf 2020 and Bruening 2023 posit that one such violation involves coordination of AdvPs and AdjPs in prenominal positions that apparently do not allow for AdvPs alone; e.g., The [Once and Future] King (a book title) is grammatical, while the once king alone is claimed either to be ungrammatical or to involve a hypothetical compound once king that only a minority of English speakers accept. On the basis of rich attested data and acceptability judgment experiments, we demonstrate that adverbs such as once, now, soon, and twice combine with nouns in regular syntax, rather than via hypothetical compound forming processes. Hence, constructions exemplified by The Once and Future King do not violate the discussed generalization and do not provide an argument against the symmetric nature of coordination.
Constructed Identities and Dueling Ideologies: Reading Ancient Israelite Foreign Oracles as Ideological Critique
Authors: Timmer Daniel C. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article aims to advance understanding of foreign nation oracles in the hb/ot by analyzing how many such oracles focus, more precisely, on subgroups within the polities named and direct their critique against that group’s articulation and enactment of imperialistic or nationalistic ideologies. The article first draws upon sociology and critical discourse analysis to sketch a theoretical perspective in which to analyze such oracles, then heuristically explores nation oracles in several prophetic books to illuminate the significance of their double focus on subgroups associated with ideologies which, as discourses of power, definitively validate and vindicate their proponents over against the Other. The article concludes with reflections on the value of ideologically-sensitive interpretation of prophetic oracles concerning foreign groups in light of this phenomenon’s overlap with sociology, imperialism, ideological critique, and justice.
Migration and Identity: A Rereading of the Child in Matthew 2:13-23
Authors: Allen Amy Lindeman 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Naming is a personal and powerful action, often tied to the identity of an individual. In the Gospel of Matthew, Jesus’ name is chosen with great care, only to be almost immediately cast aside in favor of the generic form “the child” throughout his childhood in exile. This article reads Matthew 2:13-23 through a childist lens, combining migration theory with attention to the obfuscation of the child Jesus’ identity to elucidate both the experiences represented in the Gospel account, as well as its enduring significance for generations of migrant communities living into their identities today. Seeking to read Matthew 2 together with refugee communities today, this reading highlights the limits of constructed identities such as borders, nation states, and even names, while tracing the child Jesus’ development in the infancy narrative of Matthew.
Early Configurations of Jewish Prayer
Authors: Bakker Arjen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The argument of this article is that there are remarkable affinities between early configurations of Jewish prayer in the Second Temple period and the later rabbinic liturgical system. The article examines Greek and Hebrew sources that exhibit a process of deepening and purification in which sacrificial worship is reinterpreted and relegated to other domains of non-sacrificial worship and service. Furthermore, the article explores elements of the sacrificial cult that are incorporated into prayers from the Second Temple period. My argument relies on both textual and material evidence, including the works of Philo of Alexandria, the Dead Sea Scrolls, excerpted texts and tefillin, and the Septuagint of Daniel.
Commentary: Revisiting Contemporary Revolutions in the Middle East and North Africa
Authors: Lawson Fred H. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Mark Beissinger’s The Revolutionary City marks a major advance in current scholarship on revolutions. Cases drawn from the Middle East and North Africa are an important component of the analysis. Yet instances of popular rebellion in this part of the world have been omitted and several instances that are included are mischaracterized. Specialists in regional affairs can contribute to improving the study of revolutions by revisiting this influential project.
The Renewable Rentier State in Algeria
Authors: Benali Lagraa 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article focuses on a major problem: How can the rentier state renew itself? The article focuses on oil-producing countries and their ability to survive during the economic crises they are exposed to due to the collapse of oil prices and the shocks they generate. The oil rentier state has proven its ability to rebuild itself after oil shocks. This study thus analyzes the basic ingredients for the renewal of the rentier state: the rentier economy, the rentier system, and rentier society. Algeria was chosen as a case study during the period under consideration (2000–2022) because it is an oil rentier country that was exposed to both an oil boom and oil shock. The article includes four axes: the definition of the renewable rentier state; the sustainable crises of the rentier state in Algeria; levels of renewal of the rentier state in Algeria; the rentier state between continuity and change after the popular movement in Algeria.