bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kejadian mikropenis pada anak obes
Authors: Basuki Siswanto , Julia Madarina , Machfudz Soeroyo 
Published: March 2019

Background : Obese children are more likely to have less testosterone, which may lead to disorder of penile development.Objectives : To assess the association between obesity in children and the occurrence of micropenis. Methods : TA cross sectional study was carried out in 36 obese and 28 non- obese pubertal male children (10-13 years old) and 49 obese and 36 non-obese prepubertal male children (4-7 years old). Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) equivalent to or above the 95th percentile of the CDC 2000 growth reference standard. Length of the penis was measured perpendicular to the surface of the os symphysis pubis to the tip of the glans penis. Skinfold thickness was measured on the area of mons pubis using a caliper. Volume of the testis was measured using an orchidometer. Results : The mean (SD) of penis length in 36 pubertal obese and 28 non-obese children were 5.56 (1.14) cm and 6.05 (1.37) cm, respectively; whereas the mean (SD) of penis length in 49 pre-pubertal obese and 39 non-obese children were 5.09 (0.76) cm and 5.36 (0.56) cm, respectively. There was significant difference in the mean (95% CI) length of penis in pubertal obese and non-obese children (p = 0.04). Fisher's exact test showed that the occurrence of micropenis was not associated with obesity, age, fat thickness on mons pubis, and volume of the testicles.Conclusion : There was no significant difference in the occurrence of micropenis, but there was significant difference in the mean length of penis in obese children and children with normal age-related body mass index.
Pelaksanaan asuhan gizi terapi gizi medis (TGM) berpengaruh terhadap lama rawat inap
Authors: Chasbullah Ika Yuliati , Gunawan I Made Alit , Budiningsari R Dwi 
Published: March 2019

Background: Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) is one of nutrition care models which focuses on integrated patient management involving active participation of doctors, nutritionists, nurses and other professions within the hospital nutrition care team. One benefit of MNT is the reducing of patients’ length of stay (LOS) as an indicator of hospital service quality. Bekasi Municipal Hospital has not implemented integrated nutrition care within a team. The result of monitoring and evaluation during the frst quarter of 2006 showed the average of LOS for degenerative diseases patients was 5.97 days.Objective: To identify the influence of nutrition care implementation by using MNT approach to LOS at Bekasi Municipal Hospital.Method: The study was quaci-experimental which uses static-group comparison. Samples were patients hospitalized at internal medicine wards of (class) VIP, 1 , 2 and 3 class. Datas were obtained consisted of conventional nutrition standard care (CNC), MNT, and data of LOS. T-test and Mann Whitney statistical test were used to analyze the influence of types of nutrition care to LOS.Results: LOS of patients with MNT care was 5.80 days. This was shorter than CNC and statistically significant (p<0.05).Conclusion: There was a difference between LOS of samples with MNT and CNC. LOS of samples with MNT was shorter than CNC and statistically significant (p<0.05).
Pengendalian Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) dan Nitrit Oxide(NO) pada penderita DMT2 dengan emping garut (Maranta arundinacea Linn) sebagai makanan selingan
Authors: Prastuti Betty , Sunarti Sunarti 
Published: March 2019

Background: Hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus increases the production of superoxide that cause oxidative stress and decrease the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). SOD enzyme reduces superoxide to hydrogen peroxide to lessen the reaction between superoxide and nitric oxide (NO). To reduce hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus, diabetics are encouraged to consume diet with low glycemic index. Arrowroot chips is a product commonly used by the community as a snack. Arrowroot has low glycemic index (glycemic index = 14) so it can be used as an alternative snack for diabetics.Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the beneficial effects of arrowroot chips to help controlling the blood glucose level, SOD activity and NO concentration in type 2 diabetes. Method: This is a quasi-experimental research with a one group pre test - post test. Subjects were 14 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who regularly visited endocrine polyclinic of RSUP.Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta. The inclusion criteria were: aged 35-60 years, had suffered from diabetes mellitus for at least one year and currently on insulin injection therapy. The subjects were given 20 grams/day arrowroot chips to be consumed as a snack for four weeks. The blood samples were drawn before and after treatment. Glucose level were analyzed by GOD-PAP method, SOD activity was determined by Ransod kits and NO concentration was analyzed by colorimetric Gies reagent system. Finally, data were analyzed by paired t-test and correlation regression test.Result: There was an increased glucose level from 124,43 ± 33,56 to 139,00 ± 67,96 mg/dl after treatment (p=0,551), SOD activity decreased from 77,09 + 19,33 to 43,99 + 17,45 unit/ml whole blood after treatment (p=0,000), decreased NO concentration from 1,28 + 1,32 to 1,15 + 0,577 µM after treatment (p=0,875), and a positive correlation between SOD activity and NO concentration (p=0,151; r=0,405; R2=0,164).Conclusion: Arrowroot chips consumption as a snack for 4 weeks was unable to help controlling the fasting plasma glucose level, SOD activity and NO concentration in type 2 diabetics.
Potensi minuman bubuk kedelai (var. Galunggung) sebagai minuman fungsional: sifat fisikokimia, efek hipoglikemik dan hipokolesterolemik serta status antioksidan
Authors: Aviriani Setyaningrum , Handajani Sri , Affandi Dian Rachmawanti , Listyaningsih Endang 
Published: March 2019

Background: Powdered soy beverage is one of the functional drink products that grow rapidly in Indonesia. The beverage comes with variety of health claims including lower blood glucose level and improve antioxidant status. Galunggung is one of Indonesian superior soybean varieties that have several advantages, such as leave rust resistant, productivity reached 1,5 tons/ha, can be cultivated in tidal lands, large seeds and sturdy pods.Objective: To determine the potential of powdered soybean (var. Galunggung) beverage as functional drink observed from physicochemical characteristics and effect of intake on glucose and cholesterol levels and antioxidant status of diabetic-hypercholesterolemic rats. Method: The physicochemical characteristics evaluation performed by measuring disperse-ability, nutritional quality (proximate analysis), dietary fi ber and in vitro antioxidant capacity (total phenol content and anti radical DPPH activity). Determination of powdered soybean (var. Galunggung) beverage effectiveness to decrease plasma glucose and cholesterol levels and improve antioxidant status were conducted using 18 Sprague-Dawley male rats aged 3 months with an average body weight of 150 g, divided into three groups: negative control (placebo), positive control (diabetichypercholesterolemia) and treatment (powdered soybean beverage diet) group.Result: Powdered soybean (var. Galunggung) beverage showed comparable physicochemical characteristics to commercial powdered soy beverage. This beverage also showed hypoglycaemic and hypocholesterolemic effects, and improve antioxidant status of diabetic-hypercholesterolemic rats. Plasma glucose level of diabetic-hypercholesterolemic rats decreased from 228.03 + 2.55 mg/dl to 123.33 ± 1.89 mg/dl, plasma cholesterol level reduced from 177.08 ± 4.64 mg/dl to 119.69 ± 2.95 mg/dl and plasma MDA levels declined from 12.01 + 0.41 mmol/l to 5.50 + 0.20 mmol/l after intervention with powdered soybean (var.Galunggung) beverage diet for 2 weeks.Conclusion: Powdered soybean (var. Galunggung) beverage has the potential to be developed as functional drink with several health claims, i.e. reduce glucose and cholesterol levels, and improve antioxidant status.
Status pemberian ASI terhadap status gizi bayi usia 6-12 bulan
Authors: Normayanti Normayanti , Susanti Nila 
Published: March 2019

Background: Coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia fluctuate and showed a declining trend over the last three years. Coverage of exclusive breastfeeding of Palangka Raya city is still very low at around 23.30%. There are several variables suspected as the cause of the malnutrition problem, the variables are status of breastfeeding, mother's education level, mother's employment, mother’s knowledge of nutrition and counseling status of breastfeeding.Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of breastfeeding status on the nutritional status of infants aged 6-12 months in the working area of UPTD Puskesmas Kalampangan Palangka Raya city.Method: The study design used was a case-control with 1:2 ratio, the case are infants aged 6-12 months with low nutritional status, whereas the comparison are infants aged 6-12 months with normal nutritional status. The dependent variable is the nutritional status and the independent variables are breastfeeding status, mother's education level, mother's employment, mother’s knowledge of nutrition, and breastfeeding counseling status. Data analysis was performed by univariate, bivariate (Chi-Square) and multivariate (logistic regression). Results: From the 5 (five) variables were analyzed, 2 (two) variables independently became risk factor for malnutrition are status of breastfeeding (OR=6.667) and the counseling status of breastfeeding (OR=3.215). But together (simultaneously), only breastfeeding status has an influence on the nutritional status of infants, and non-exclusive breastfeeding was significant as a risk factor for malnutrition (OR=5.126). Probability infant to experience malnutrition due to breastfeeding status no exclusive is at 25.54%. Conclusion: Breastfeeding status has an influence on the nutritional status of infants and non-exclusive breastfeeding was significant as a risk factor for malnutrition among infants aged 6-12 months.
Batasan indeks massa tubuh dan lingkar perut diabetesi di Indonesia untuk prediksi abnormalitas kadar HDL-kolesterol dan tekanan darah
Authors: Nazarina Nazarina , Prihartini Sri , Rachmawati Rika 
Published: March 2019

Background: According to National Basic Health Survey (Riskesdas) 2007 and 2013 in Indonesia, diabetes prevalence had been increasing from 1,1% to 1,5%. Diabetic tends to have obesity related to abnormal blood lipid level and high blood pressure which lead to some complications such as cardiovascular diseases and hypertension. Therefore early prevention of complications is needed.Objective: This study was to identify body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) cut-off point in Indonesian diabetic as the predictor of lipid profile and high blood pressure abnormality.Method: The Crossectional study using secondary data, Riskesdas 2007. Subjects in this study were 615 diabetics who admitted been diagnosed as diabetes by physicians and/or had oral glucose test result ≥ 200 mg%. Data that had been analyzed were lipid profile (total cholesterol, LDL-chol, HDL-chol) and systolic-diastolic blood pressure, BMI (kg/cm2), WC (cm), lifestyle, and subject’s characteristic. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) is used to identify BMI and WC cut-off point for predicting lipid profile and blood pressure abnormality.Results: On the average, subjects have high blood pressure and dyslipidemia. Both IMT and LP are able to predict high blood pressure and low HDL-chol significantly (AUC ≥ 59; all p>0,05). BMI=23 kg/cm2 can predict low HDl-chol (Se=63,3%; Sp=54,0%; p=0,04), high systolic (Se=68,3%; Sp=60,6%; p=0,000) and diastolic (Se=68,3%; Sp=60,6%; p=0,000) blood pressure in men, whereas in women can predict only low HDL-chol (Se=72,3%; Sp=47,8%; p=0,000). LP=80 cm can screen high systolic (Se=73,8%; Sp=63,6%; p=0,000) and diastolic (Se=72,4%; Sp=55,3%; p=0,000) blood pressure in men and high systolic blood pressure in women (Se=71,5%; Sp=52,6%; p=0,000). However, to predict low HDL-chol in women, cut-off point of LP is 78 cm (Se=74,2%; Sp=41,5%; p=0,003).Conclusion: Although BMI and LP can be used to predict high blood pressure and low HDL-chol, however, both measures have the different function when they are applied to both gender. To predict low HDL-chol in men and women, BMI=23 kg/cm2 can be used, and LP=80 cm can be applied to screen high systolic blood pressure in both genders. Nevertheless, more research is needed to show the consistency of these results, such as using better study design and considering for confounding variables (ethnic, diabetes duration, lifestyle, hypertension, and diabetes medicine).
Efektivitas minuman kombinasi maltodekstrin dan vitamin C terhadap hitung jenis leukosit pada atlet sepak bola
Authors: Mahfida Silvi Lailatul , Kandarina Istiti , Farmawati Arta 
Published: March 2019

Backgrounds: The immune system changing affects the fitness. Exercise induces the immune responses, oxidative stress and tissue damage that alters leukocyte counts. Maltodextrin supplies higher energy reserves, that can improve the immune system profiles. Vitamin C as an antioxidant against tissue damage.Objective: This study aims to assess the effectiveness of a maltodextrin and vitamin C combination drink on leukocyte differential count after exercise.Method: This study was quasi-experimental with the within-subject design. Subjects were 14 collegiate football players of the State University of Yogyakarta and fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subjects were selected with a purposive sampling. Subjects received a combination of 15% maltodextrin and 250 mg of vitamin C beverage, 300 mL. Subjects did wash out for 6 days, then received placebo beverage (300 mL plain water). Subjects drank 30 minutes before and 5 minutes after physical exercise. Exercise loads were yoyo intermittent test and run gradually until 80 HRmaks. Blood samples were taken immediately and 30 minutes after exercise.Results: In the administration of intervention beverage, immediately to 30 minutes after exercise neutrophils increased (p=0,006); lymphocytes decreased (p=0.015); monocytes decreased (p=0.000); and eosinophils decreased (p=0.613). In the administration of placebo beverage, immediately to 30 minutes after exercise, neutrophils increased (p=0.359); lymphocytes decreased (p=0.257); monocytes decreased (p=0.146); and eosinophils increased (p=0.549). Neutrophils (p=0.003) and monocyte (p=0.003) had significant difference between both administration drink at 30 minutes after exercise. Lymphocyte and monocyte significantly decrease (p<0.05) at intervention than placebo.Conclusion: Maltodextrin and vitamin C combination drink effect on the decreasing of lymphocyte and monocyte 30 minutes after exercise.
CLINICAL AND LABORATORY CHARACTERISTICS HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS WITH NEWLY DIAGNOSED KAPOSI’S SARCOMA
Authors: Renev V. D. , Lioznov D. A. , Leonova O. N. , Nekrasova A. V. , Antonova T. V. 
Published: March 2019

Objective: to characterize the clinical and laboratory parameters of patients with HIV infection with newly diagnosed Kaposi’s sarcoma.Materials and methods. The analysis of clinical and laboratory data of 25 HIV-infected patients with newly diagnosed Kaposi’s sarcoma who were treated in the in-patient department of St. Petersburg Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases in 2009-2017Results. Ninety-two (n=23) patients were men. The median age at detecting HIV infection is 36 years. The manifestation age of Kaposi’s sarcoma is a median of 37 years. Elements of Kaposi’s sarcoma were located mainly on the skin of the lower and upper extremities, trunk, face and oral mucosa. Manifest CMV infection was registered in one patient, candidiasis of various localizations was found in 19 patients (76%), 2 of them also had one case of tuberculosis and toxoplasmosis. The viral load of HIV in the serum of patients upon admission to the hospital ranged from 26 159 to 2 755,549 copies/ml. The number of CD4 lymphocytes in the serum of patients is from 4 to 674 cells/μl. First-line antiretroviral drugs were prescribed to 20 (80%) patients, while the positive dynamics of sarcoma was observed in 8 patients. Four (16%) patients received antitumor treatment. The duration of hospitalization of patients ranged from 8 to 85 days (median 29). Twenty-one patients were discharged from the hospital, death was registered in 4 patients (16%).Conclusion. Characteristics of patients with HIV infection with newly diagnosed Kaposi’s sarcoma are: the predominance of males aged 30-39 years; skin lesions of the limbs and trunk in the debut of the clinical picture of sarcoma; laboratory signs of pronounced immunodeficiency (in 75% of patients, CD4 lymphocytes in the serum are less than 200 cells/μl); high viral load of HIV in serum (in 88% of patients more than 100 000 copies/ml); frequent combination with other opportunistic diseases.
STREPTOCOCCAL (GROUP A) INFECTION IN RUSSIA: STATE OF THE PROBLEM AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS
Authors: Briko N. I. , Glushkova E. V. , Kakorina E. P. , Nikitin N. V. 
Published: March 2019

Aim. To assess the current situation on streptococcal (group A) infection in Russia, to study the molecular properties and antimicrobial susceptibility of group A streptococcus isolated from patients with soft tissue infection.Materials and methods. We performed a descriptive epidemiological study using official statistics. A total of 97 cases of soft tissue infection caused by group A streptococci were investigated for emm-types, the presence of genes of bacteriophage toxins and integrases by PCR and sequencing. We tested 91 strains for antimicrobial susceptibility by the micro dilution methods.Results. From 2009 through 2017, 2.8 million cases (563 thousand primary cases) of group A streptococcal disease were reported. There was a decrease in the incidence of scarlet fever in Russia (31.5 per 100 000 population). In 2009–2017 the incidence of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart diseases increase slightly but the prevalence of this forms group A streptococcal disease are decrease. Annually 2600 people die from the rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart diseases. Of the 97 cultures of group A streptococci, 33 were associated with invasive infection. We identified 33 different emm-type. All cultures contained speB gene. Some strains contained speA, and others speC genes. We did not find any correlation between the presence of bacteriophage toxin genes and the invasive properties of streptococci. Tetracycline and macrolides are ineffective in patients with of soft tissue infectionConclusion. Streptococcal (group A) infection continues to be of significant social and economic importance for Russia. The streptococcus cultures isolated from patients with invasive forms were heterogeneous in molecular and biological properties and remained sensitive to penicillin antibiotics.
Fuzzy Topsis in the Assessment of OHS Management System
Authors: Tabor Joanna 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Occupational health and safety (OHS) management is a cycle of decision-making processes, many of which are in fact multi-criterion processes in nature. Therefore, it is important to look for and develop tools to support decision-makers in their actions aimed at improving work safety levels. The objective of this paper is to propose and verify the fuzzy TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method applied to compare and assess the ways OHS management systems function in different companies. The fuzzy TOPSIS method has already been used for a number of years in assessments of alternative solutions in many different areas, but the application that uses ordered fuzzy numbers is quite original in nature. It is especially beneficial to use the fuzzy approach in OHS management systems, as it makes it possible for experts to assess different criteria using most frequently used linguistic variables. The adopted approach was verified in the study of OHS management systems in four furniture manufacturing companies. Assessment criteria were requirements of the PN-N 18001: 2004 Standard. Thanks to the ordered fuzzy TOPSIS method, the analysed OHS management systems were streamlined from the point of view of 24 assessment criteria, and the best and the worst functioning system was identified. The approach presented here may constitute a significant tool for improving OHS management systems.
The Development of an Explosion Protection System in the Starting Air Manifold of a High Power Engine
Authors: Chybowski Leszek , Kazienko Damian 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In this paper, the authors have discussed the subject of fire and explosion hazards during the operation of a modern ship's high-power internal combustion engines. The causes of the occurrence of and the methods of preventing explosions in the starting manifolds of modern piston combustion engines equipped with a pneumatic starting system, with starting valves on the cylinder heads, have been specified. The concept of an active system for monitoring the technical condition of the starting valves has been presented in order to quickly diagnose leakages and reduce the risk of explosion. A conceptual design of a prototype of a non-invasive, new generation leak detector for starting valves and its technical design have been presented. Exemplary implementations of the prototype detector have been shown and its selected functionalities have been discussed. This paper has ended with an assessment of the possibility of further development and the applications of this device.
Ergonomic Evaluation of Working Position Using the Reba Method – Case Study
Authors: Pałęga Michał , Rydz Dariusz , Wojtyto Dorota , Arbuz Alexander 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Provision of professional work is very often associated with the worker's exposure to the occurrence of various types of threats. Some of the most important include those related to physical overload. Excessive strain on the musculoskeletal system can lead to muscle, ligament and tendon injuries. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the workplace in terms of its ergonomics. This paper presents the assessment of the load of the worker's movement system using the REBA method, which takes into account the location of: head with neck, torso, lower limb, as well as hands with the wrist, forearm and arm.
Human Factor Management in Fire Protection and in Evacuation from Public Utility Objects
Authors: Sroka Mariusz 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The study presents general assumptions of policies related to fire protection and evacuation of public buildings. Have been defined groups of human factors that have a significant impact on the efficiency of preventive actions taken and in the event of a threat. Next, the research methodology and results of questionnaire surveys carried out in randomly selected student groups are presented. A number of management actions aimed at increasing the safety of people staying on public facilities have been identified. The article ends with conclusions from the conducted research.