bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Multiparameter Cellular Energy Metabolism Profiling of Small Populations of Cells
Authors: Kelbauskas Laimonas , Ashili Shashaanka P. , Lee Kristen B. , Zhu Haixin , Tian Yanqing , Meldrum Deirdre R. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractFunctional and genomic heterogeneity of individual cells are central players in a broad spectrum of normal and disease states. Our knowledge about the role of cellular heterogeneity in tissue and organism function remains limited due to analytical challenges one encounters when performing single cell studies in the context of cell-cell interactions. Information based on bulk samples represents ensemble averages over populations of cells, while data generated from isolated single cells do not account for intercellular interactions. We describe a new technology and demonstrate two important advantages over existing technologies: first, it enables multiparameter energy metabolism profiling of small cell populations (<100 cells)—a sample size that is at least an order of magnitude smaller than other, commercially available technologies; second, it can perform simultaneous real-time measurements of oxygen consumption rate (OCR), extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP)—a capability not offered by any other commercially available technology. Our results revealed substantial diversity in response kinetics of the three analytes in dysplastic human epithelial esophageal cells and suggest the existence of varying cellular energy metabolism profiles and their kinetics among small populations of cells. The technology represents a powerful analytical tool for multiparameter studies of cellular function.
Arabidopsis vegetative actin isoforms, AtACT2 and AtACT7, generate distinct filament arrays in living plant cells
Authors: Kijima Saku T. , Staiger Christopher J. , Katoh Kaoru , Nagasaki Akira , Ito Kohji , Uyeda Taro Q. P. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractFlowering plants express multiple actin isoforms. Previous studies suggest that individual actin isoforms have specific functions; however, the subcellular localization of actin isoforms in plant cells remains obscure. Here, we transiently expressed and observed major Arabidopsis vegetative actin isoforms, AtACT2 and AtACT7, as fluorescent-fusion proteins. By optimizing the linker sequence between fluorescent protein and actin, we succeeded in observing filaments that contained these expressed actin isoforms fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP) in Arabidopsis protoplasts. Different colored fluorescent proteins fused with AtACT2 and AtACT7 and co-expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana mesophyll cells co-polymerized in a segregated manner along filaments. In epidermal cells, surprisingly, AtACT2 and AtACT7 tended to polymerize into different types of filaments. AtACT2 was incorporated into thinner filaments, whereas AtACT7 was incorporated into thick bundles. We conclude that different actin isoforms are capable of constructing unique filament arrays, depending on the cell type or tissue. Interestingly, staining patterns induced by two indirect actin filament probes, Lifeact and mTalin1, were different between filaments containing AtACT2 and those containing AtACT7. We suggest that filaments containing different actin isoforms bind specific actin-binding proteins in vivo, since the two probes comprise actin-binding domains from different actin-binding proteins.
Modelling indirect interactions during failure spreading in a project activity network
Authors: Ellinas Christos 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSpreading broadly refers to the notion of an entity propagating throughout a networked system via its interacting components. Evidence of its ubiquity and severity can be seen in a range of phenomena, from disease epidemics to financial systemic risk. In order to understand the dynamics of these critical phenomena, computational models map the probability of propagation as a function of direct exposure, typically in the form of pairwise interactions between components. By doing so, the important role of indirect interactions remains unexplored. In response, we develop a simple model that accounts for the effect of both direct and subsequent exposure, which we deploy in the novel context of failure propagation within a real-world engineering project. We show that subsequent exposure has a significant effect in key aspects, including the: (a) final spreading event size, (b) propagation rate, and (c) spreading event structure. In addition, we demonstrate the existence of ‘hidden influentials’ in large-scale spreading events, and evaluate the role of direct and subsequent exposure in their emergence. Given the evidence of the importance of subsequent exposure, our findings offer new insight on particular aspects that need to be included when modelling network dynamics in general, and spreading processes specifically.
Plasticity in nodal root elongation through the hardpan triggered by rewatering during soil moisture fluctuation stress in rice
Authors: Suralta Roel Rodriguez , Niones Jonathan Manito , Kano-Nakata Mana , Thi Tran Thiem , Mitsuya Shiro , Yamauchi Akira 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRainfed lowland (RFL) rice fields have hardpans and experience soil moisture fluctuations (SMF) stress, which influence root system development. Here, we clarify the expression and timing of the plasticity in nodal root elongation through the hardpan under SMF and its contribution to shoot growth using a shallow-rooting IR64 and its deep-rooting introgression line, YTH304. Under SMF, soil moisture content had negative relationship with soil penetration resistance, regardless of hardpan bulk densities. YTH304 had greater root system below the hardpan than IR64 in hardpan with 1.50 but not in 1.70 g cm−3 bulk density (BD). YTH304 had greater plasticity in nodal root elongation through the hardpan than IR64 under SMF, which was clearly expressed during rewatering. YTH304 also had greater soil water uptake below the hardpan during drought and greater shoot growth than IR64. The results imply that deep root system development during SMF was due to the plasticity in nodal root elongation through the hardpan expressed during rewatering rather than during drought periods. This is against the long standing belief that active root elongation through the hardpan happens during drought. This also implies a need to revisit current root screening methods to identify rice lines with good hardpan penetration ability.
Demographic aspects of first names
Authors: Tzioumis Konstantinos 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe introduce a list that offers information on the relation between first names and race or ethnicity. Drawing information from mortgage applications, the list includes 4,250 first names and information on their respective count and proportions across six mutually exclusive racial and Hispanic origin groups. These six categories are consistent with the categories used in the Census Bureau's list on surnames' demographic information. Also, just like the Census Bureau's list of surnames, the list of first names is highly aggregated, so as to not identify any specific individuals.
Multi-scale simulations of black hole accretion in barred galaxies
Authors: Jung M. , Illenseer T. F. , Duschl W. J. 
Published: March 2018

Due to the non-axisymmetric potential of the central bar, in addition to their characteristic arms and bar, barred spiral galaxies form a variety of structures within the thin gas disk, such as nuclear rings, inner spirals, and dust lanes. These structures in the inner kiloparsec are extremely important in order to explain and understand the rate of black hole feeding. The aim of this work is to investigate the influence of stellar bars in spiral galaxies on the thin self-gravitating gas disk. We focus on the accretion of gas onto the central supermassive black hole and its time-dependent evolution. We conducted multi-scale simulations simultaneously resolving the galactic disk and the accretion disk around the central black hole. In all the simulations we varied the initial gas disk mass. As an additional parameter we chose either the gas temperature for isothermal simulations or the cooling timescale for non-isothermal simulations. Accretion was either driven by a gravitationally unstable or clumpy accretion disk or by energy dissipation in strong shocks. Most of the simulations show a strong dependence of the accretion rate at the outer boundary of the central accretion disk (r< 300 pc) on the gas flow at kiloparsec scales. The final black hole masses reach up to ~109 M⊙after 1.6 Gyr. Our models show the expected influence of the Eddington limit and a decline in growth rate at the corresponding sub-Eddington limit.
Single-mode waveguides for GRAVITY
Authors: Perraut K. , Jocou L. , Berger J. P. , Chabli A. , Cardin V. , Chamiot-Maitral G. , Delboulbé A. , Eisenhauer F. , Gambérini Y. , Gillessen S. , Guieu S. , Guerrero J. , Haug M. , Hausmann F. , Joulain F. , Kervella P. , Labeye P. , Lacour S. , Lanthermann C. , Lapras V. , Le Bouquin J. B. , Lippa M. , Magnard Y. , Moulin T. , Noël P. , Nolot A. , Patru F. , Perrin G. , Pfuhl O. , Pocas S. , Poulain S. , Scibetta C. , Stadler E. , Templier R. , Ventura N. , Vizioz C. , Amorim A. , Brandner W. , Straubmeier C. 
Published: March 2018

Context. Within the framework of the second-generation instrumentation of the Very Large Telescope Interferometer of the European Southern Observatory we have developed the four-telescope beam combiner in integrated optics.
Aims. We optimized the performance of such beam combiners, for the first time in the near-infrared K band, for the GRAVITY instrument dedicated to the study of the close environment of the galactic centre black hole by precision narrow-angle astrometry and interferometric imaging.
Methods. We optimized the design of the integrated optics chip and the manufacturing technology as well, to fulfil the very demanding throughput specification. We also designed an integrated optics assembly able to operate at 200 K in the GRAVITY cryostat to reduce thermal emission.
Results. We manufactured about 50 beam combiners by silica-on-silicon etching technology. We glued the best combiners to single-mode fluoride fibre arrays that inject the VLTI light into the integrated optics beam combiners. The final integrated optics assemblies have been fully characterized in the laboratory and through on-site calibrations: their global throughput over the K band is higher than 55% and the instrumental contrast reaches more than 95% in polarized light, which is well within the GRAVITY specifications.
Conclusions. While integrated optics technology is known to be mature enough to provide efficient and reliable beam combiners for astronomical interferometry in the H band, we managed to successfully extend it to the longest wavelengths of the K band and to manufacture the most complex integrated optics beam combiner in this specific spectral band.
Late-Stage Diagnosis of Breast Cancer in Brazil: Analysis of Data from Hospital-Based Cancer Registries (2000–2012)
Authors: Renna Junior Nelson Luiz , Silva Gulnar de Azevedo e 
Published: March 2018

Objective To analyze the time trend and the factors regarding the diagnosis of late-stage breast cancer in Brazil from 2000 to 2012.
Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from hospital-based cancer registries. Joinpoint regression was used to analyze the time trends of stage at diagnosis. The risk of late-stage presentation was estimated using multinomial logistic regression.
Results A total of 170,757 cases were analyzed. The median time from diagnosis to treatment was of 43 days (range: 0–182 days). The percentage of cases with late-stage diagnosis decreased from 2000 to 2002, with an annual percent change (APC) of -6.6% (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: -7.6–-5.5%); it increased from 2002 until 2009, with an APC of 1.1% (95% CI: 0.9–1.3%), and remained stable up to 2012. Women with college education (compared with illiterate women) had less chance of having a late-stage diagnosis (odds ratio [OR]: 0.32; 95%CI: 0.29–0.35). The odds were greater among brown women (OR: 1.30; 95%CI: 1.21–1.41) and black women (OR: 1.63; 95%CI: 1.47–1.82), compared with white women. The odds were also higher for women treated in facilities located and in the Northern region of Brazil (OR: 1.23; 95%CI: 1.04–1.45) and in the Midwest (OR: 1.61; 95%CI: 1.34–1.94), compared with those treated in the southern region of the country. Age, histological type, and marital status were some of the other factors that were positively related to staging at the diagnosis.
Conclusion Access to diagnosis of breast cancer is uneven in Brazil, and women with lower socioeconomic status present a greater probability of having an advanced stage at diagnosis.
Initial Management of Traumatic Digit Amputations: A Retrospective Study of Functional Outcomes
Authors: Oni Georgette , Buntic Rudolph , Malata Charles , Buncke Gregory , Ngaage Ledibabari 
Published: March 2018

Background Traumatic amputation of one or more digits can have a serious detrimental effect on social and economic standings which can be mitigated by successful replantation. Little has been recorded on preoperative management before replantation and how this affects the outcomes of the replanted digit.
Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted and data collected over an 18-month period. Three protocols for preoperative management were examined: minimal (basic wound management), complete Buncke (anticoagulation, dry dressing on amputate placed on indirect ice and absence of a digital block), and incomplete (any two or three criteria from complete Buncke in addition to the minimal) protocols. Data was collected on survival rate, secondary operations, and complication rate. Function was defined by sensation, range of movement, and strength.
Results Seventy four of 177 digits were replanted with an overall survival rate of 86.5%. The rates for minimal, incomplete, and complete protocols were 95%, 87%, and 91%, respectively, and not significantly different. The complication rate was significantly different between the complete (20%) and minimal (60%) protocols (p = 0.0484). Differences in sensation and grip strength were statistically significant between protocols (p = 0.0465 and p = 0.0430, respectively). Anticoagulation, no digital block and dry gauze all showed reduced complication rates in comparison to their counterparts.
Conclusions The Buncke protocol, which includes anticoagulation, no digital block, and dry gauze, was found to significantly reduce the complication rate which suggests that it prevents compromise of tissue integrity. Significant differences were found between protocols for sensation and grip strength. A higher-powered study is needed to investigate the effects of preoperative management on complication rates and functional outcomes.
Is There Any Difference in Risk Factors between Male and Female Patients in New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting?
Authors: Erdil Nevzat , Colak Mehmet , Disli Olcay , Battaloglu Bektas , Colak Cemil , Akça Barış 
Published: March 2018

Background We aimed to investigate the risk factors of post-coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) atrial fibrillation (AF) in male and female patients without any history of AF, to identify the sex-specific risk factors, and to examine the effect of sex-specific risk factors on the overall population.
Methods This retrospective study was conducted using the hospital database with 4,758 patients who underwent CABG surgery. Among them, 2,836 patients with complete data participated in this study. The female patients were divided into two groups as patients who developed new-onset AF after CABG and those who did not. The relationship between the patients' variables and risk factors of post-CABG AF was examined.
Results The overall incidence of post CABG AF was 12.9% (386/2,836). Sex-specific incidence of AF was similar: 3.2% (91/690) and 12.9% (277/2146) in female and male patients, respectively (p = 0.849). Multiple analysis revealed the independent risk factors for male and female patients, respectively: mean age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.057, OR = 1,076), age over 65 years (OR = 2.156, OR = 2.736), the European System For Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation Scores (EuroSCORE) (OR = 1.13, OR = 1.218), COPD (OR = 1.589, OR = 1.789), BUN level (OR = 1.026, OR = 1.019), mean cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time (OR = 1.007, OR = 1.010), prolonged CPB time (OR = 1.604, OR = 2.309), mean cross-clamp time (OR = 1.009, OR = 1.017), need of inotropic support (OR = 2.249, OR = 2.731), and mean mechanical ventilation time (VT) (OR = 1.026, OR = 1.027).Low left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (OR = 1.419), left ventricular (LV) aneurysm repair (OR = 1.533), carotid artery disease (OR = 1.750), prolonged VT (OR = 1.729), and use of intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) (OR = 2.436) were found to be the risk factors only for male AF patients.Unstable angina (OR = 1.969), right coronary artery (RCA) disease (OR = 2), prolonged cross-clamp time (OR = 2.152), and the number of grafts per operation (OR = 1.298) were found to be the risk factors only for female AF patients.
Conclusion This study suggests that predictors of AF in the overall population may be due to isolated patient groups. Multiple regression analysis and artificial intelligence modelling should be performed on large-scale, isolated groups to make strong AF prediction.
Red Blood Cell Transfusions Affect Intestinal and Cerebral Oxygenation Differently in Preterm Infants with and without Subsequent Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Authors: Kuik Sara , Van Braeckel Koenraad , Hulscher Jan , Bos Arend , Kooi Elisabeth , van der Laan Michelle , Kalteren Willemien 
Published: March 2018

Objective To assess intestinal and cerebral oxygenation during and after red blood cell (RBC) transfusions in preterms with or without subsequent transfusion-associated necrotizing enterocolitis (TANEC).
Study Design In preterms of < 32 weeks' gestational age, we measured intestinal and cerebral regional tissue oxygen saturation (rintSO2, rcSO2) and their variabilities using near-infrared spectroscopy during and after transfusions. We compared eight infants who developed TANEC 6 to 48 hours after RBC transfusions with 16 controls.
Results In TANEC infants, rcSO2 was lower during and after RBC transfusions than in controls, median (interquartile range) 55% (50–62) versus 72% (65–75), p < 0.01. There were no differences regarding rintSO2. Individual rintSO2 and rcSO2 ranges were smaller after transfusions in TANEC infants, 28% (9–36) versus 49% (40–65), p < 0.01, and 17% (14–33) versus 36% (26–57), p = 0.01, as was short-term rintSO2 variability. For each 10% higher rcSO2, the risk of developing TANEC decreased (odds ratio 0.09; 95% confidence interval 0.01–0.63). The smaller the rintSO2 range after transfusion, the higher the risk of developing TANEC.
Conclusion In preterm infants lower rcSO2, but not rintSO2, values during and after RBC transfusions are associated with TANEC. Lower rintSO2 and rcSO2 variabilities after RBC transfusions may represent a diminished capacity for vascular adaptation, possibly leading to TANEC.
Incident Risk Factors and Major Bleeding in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Treated with Oral Anticoagulants: A Comparison of Baseline, Follow-up and Delta HAS-BLED Scores with an Approach Focused on Modifiable Bleeding Risk Factors
Authors: Chao Tze-Fan , Lin Yenn-Jiang , Chang Shih-Lin , Lo Li-Wei , Hu Yu-Feng , Tuan Ta-Chuan , Liao Jo-Nan , Chung Fa-Po , Chen Tzeng-Ji , Lip Gregory , Chen Shih-Ann 
Published: March 2018

Aim When assessing bleeding risk in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), risk stratification is often based on the baseline risks. We aimed to investigate changes in bleeding risk factors and alterations in the HAS-BLED score in AF patients. We hypothesized that a follow-up HAS-BLED score and the ‘delta HAS-BLED score’ (reflecting the change in score between baseline and follow-up) would be more predictive of major bleeding, when compared with baseline HAS-BLED score.
Methods and Results A total of 19,566 AF patients receiving warfarin and baseline HAS-BLED score ≤2 were studied. After a follow-up of 93,783 person-years, 3,032 major bleeds were observed. The accuracies of baseline, follow-up, and delta HAS-BLED scores as well as cumulative numbers of baseline modifiable bleeding risk factors, in predicting subsequent major bleeding, were analysed and compared. The mean baseline HAS-BLED score was 1.43 which increased to 2.45 with a mean ‘delta HAS-BLED score’ of 1.03. The HAS-BLED score remained unchanged in 38.2% of patients. Of those patients experiencing major bleeding, 76.6% had a ‘delta HAS-BLED’ score ≥1, compared with only 59.0% in patients without major bleeding (p < 0.001). For prediction of major bleeding, AUC was significantly higher for the follow-up HAS-BLED (0.63) or delta HAS-BLED (0.62) scores, compared with baseline HAS-BLED score (0.54). The number of baseline modifiable risk factors was non-significantly predictive of major bleeding (AUC = 0.49).
Conclusion In this ‘real-world’ nationwide AF cohort, follow-up HAS-BLED or ‘delta HAS-BLED score’ was more predictive of major bleeding compared with baseline HAS-BLED or the simple determination of ‘modifiable bleeding risk factors’. Bleeding risk in AF is a dynamic process and use of the HAS-BLED score should be to ‘flag up’ patients potentially at risk for more regular review and follow-up, and to address the modifiable bleeding risk factors during follow-up visits.
Perioperative Complications of Surgery for Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis
Authors: Kelay Arun , Hall Nigel 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPyloromyotomy is the tried and tested surgical procedure for successful operative treatment of pyloric stenosis. Over time, the operative approach has evolved to take advantage of cosmetically superior incisions and more recently minimally invasive surgery. During and following surgery, complications are uncommon. The specific complications of an inadequate pyloromyotomy requiring repeated procedure and mucosal perforation during an overzealous pyloromyotomy represent the ends of a spectrum within which sits the perfect procedure. Here, we discuss these specific complications together with the other potential complications following surgery for hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, including anesthetic considerations.
The EFSUMB Guidelines and Recommendations for the Clinical Practice of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) in Non-Hepatic Applications: Update 2017 (Short Version)
Authors: Sidhu Paul , Cantisani Vito , Dietrich Christoph , Gilja Odd , Saftoiu Adrian , Bartels Eva , Bertolotto Michele , Calliada Fabrizio , Clevert Dirk-André , Cosgrove David , Deganello Annamaria , D’Onofrio Mirko , Drudi Francesco , Freeman Simon , Harvey Christopher , Jenssen Christian , Jung Ernst-Michael , Klauser Andrea , Lassau Nathalie , Meloni Maria , Leen Edward , Nicolau Carlos , Nolsoe Christian , Piscaglia Fabio , Prada Francesco , Prosch Helmut , Radzina Maija , Savelli Luca , Weskott Hans-Peter , Wijkstra Hessel 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe updated version of the EFSUMB guidelines on the application of non-hepatic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) deals with the use of microbubble ultrasound contrast outside the liver in the many established and emerging applications.