bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The roticulating concept air compressor: experimental and numerical investigation
Authors: Zhang Y , Madamedon M , Copeland C , Fenton J P , Subert J , Hinchliffe K , Arbon I M , Leefe S 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This paper documents the first prototype tests of the FeTu bare-shaft oil-free air compressor, conducted over a one-year study at the University of Bath, with funding support from Innovate UK. Giving feasibility to the concept and to provide an initial indicator of its performance, in terms of pressure capability, isentropic efficiency and specific power demand as an oil-free air compressor.
A range of 6 units in total were validated on a continuous flow test-rig, with variations on internal sealing, internal clearance, and Non-Return Valve (NRV) settings, to assess their impact on volumetric efficiency, in pursuit of an optimal design.
Tests covered a speed range of 100 rpm-1500 rpm and reached discharge pressures up to 6 barg, results indicated that the compressor can maintain a 50% torque-based efficiency between a pressure ratio (PR) of 1.5 to 2.8. Tests reveal low compressed gas temperature of 125ºC at 2.8PR, which gave rise to a high isentropic efficiency of over 80%, therefore specific power was adopted as the main Key Performance Indicator (KPI).
The analysis of energy conservation employed in the control of linear compressor
Authors: Tang Mingsheng , Zou Huiming , Li Xuan , Tian Changqing 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Linear compressors have received more and more attention for their compact structure and high efficiency. They are highly sensitive to the working condition, thus the control system is essential to ensure linear compressors are able to operate reliably and efficiently. Operating in a resonant state would improve linear compressor efficiency, while the natural frequency is also sensitive to the operating condition. This paper proposes the analysis of energy transfer process during linear compressor operation. Compared with force analysis, energy analysis uses the electromechanical analogy to show the energy conversion from electrical energy into mechanical energy during linear compressor operation. The principle for the control to achieve high efficiency is proposed and verified in a refrigeration system. The result shows it is practical and reliable to applied energy analysis in the control of linear compressor to achieve highly efficient driving.
Optimization of Suction Chamber Structure in a Scroll Refrigeration Compressor
Authors: Shuaihui SUN , Xianwen WANG , Pengcheng GUO , Xiaobo ZHENG , Jianguo YAN 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In order to improve the suction performance of the scroll compressors, five modification models are proposed by reducing or enlarging the area of the suction flow passage based on a scroll refrigeration compressor. The three-dimensional numerical simulation model is established using the commercial software PumpLinx to calculate the flow field and the performance of every modified model. The comparison and analyses has been done based on the simulation results. The results indicated that the enlargement of the suction passage only improve the volumetric efficiency a little while the shrink of the suction passage can improve it effectively. The mass flow rate pulsation when the modification angle is 270° is much higher than that of the original model, but it decreases with the modification angle. As the modification angle increases, the volume of inner suction passage and the back flow rate from the inner suction passage decrease and less fluid from suction chamber 2 flows back to the suction port, so the average mass flow rate increases and the mass flow rate pulsation decreases. The Model 5 has the maximum volumetric efficiency and lower mass flow pulsation, but the tangential and radial forces on the orbiting scroll are the highest.
Design Method of Offsetting the Orbiting Scroll and Its Influence on the Self-Rotation Characteristics of the Orbiting Scroll
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Wu Jianhua 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In order to reduce the diameter of compressor casing of the automotive scroll compressor, the orbiting scroll is sometimes offset along a certain direction. This paper summarizes the method of offsetting the orbiting scroll, and analyses the influence of the offset amount on the self-rotation characteristics of the orbiting scroll. The theoretical calculation results show that a larger offset amount is beneficial to increase the stroke volume, however it is easy to make the orbiting scroll rotate around its driving center in the negative direction which would cause an impact on the scroll wrap and the anti-rotation mechanism. At last, this paper affords some advices in how to offset the orbiting scroll.
Near-field acoustic levitation and applications to bearings: a critical review
Authors: Shi Minghui , Feng Kai , Hu Junhui , Zhu Jiang , Cui Hailong 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The importance to industry of non-contact bearings is growing rapidly as the demand for high-speed and high-precision manufacturing equipment increases. As a recently developed non-contact technology, near-field acoustic levitation (NFAL) has drawn much attention for the advantages it offers, including no requirement for an external pressurized air supply, its compact structure, and its ability to adapt to its environment. In this paper, the working mechanism of NFAL is introduced in detail and compared to all existing non-contact technologies to demonstrate its versatility and potential for practical applications in industry. The fundamental theory of NFAL, including gas film lubrication theory and acoustic radiation pressure theory is presented. Then, the current state-of-the-art of the design and development of squeeze film air bearings based on NFAL is reviewed. Finally, future trends and obstacles to more widespread use are discussed.
Antithrombotic therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing coronary artery stenting
Authors: Lacoste Jordan L , Hansen Cory L 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Purpose
Updates to the primary literature and clinical practice guidelines on use of antithrombotic combinations for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and stenting are reviewed.

Summary
Up to 8% of patients undergoing PCI have AF and thus require both antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapies, which put them at increased risk for bleeding. Current literature suggests that using a single antiplatelet agent in combination with oral anticoagulation with a direct-acting oral anticoagulant (i.e., dual therapy) is effective and associated with less bleeding risk than triple therapy (dual antiplatelet therapy plus an oral anticoagulant) in patients with AF undergoing PCI with stent placement. The most recently studied dual therapy regimens consist of clopidogrel in combination with apixaban, rivaroxaban, or dabigatran. Guidelines recommend use of an oral anticoagulant plus clopidogrel and aspirin for a short period of time. In general, aspirin should be discontinued in most patients at discharge. In patients with a high risk of thrombosis, aspirin can be continued for up to 1 month. Dual therapy should be continued for 12 months, with oral anticoagulant monotherapy continued thereafter.

Conclusion
A review of current literature on antithrombotic therapy in patients with AF undergoing PCI and subsequent coronary artery stenting indicates that the favored regimen is dual therapy consisting of clopidogrel with rivaroxaban, apixaban, dabigatran, or a vitamin K antagonist. Aspirin may be used in the periprocedural period but should be discontinued thereafter to reduce the risk of bleeding. Decisions regarding specific agents and duration of treatment should be based on thrombotic risk, bleeding risk, and patient preference.
Genomic evidence of neo-sex chromosomes in the eastern yellow robin
Authors: Gan Han Ming , Falk Stephanie , Morales Hernán E , Austin Christopher M , Sunnucks Paul , Pavlova Alexandra 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Understanding sex-biased natural selection can be enhanced by access to well-annotated chromosomes including ones inherited in sex-specific fashion. The eastern yellow robin (EYR) is an endemic Australian songbird inferred to have experienced climate-driven sex-biased selection and is a prominent model for studying mitochondrial-nuclear interactions in the wild. However, the lack of an EYR reference genome containing both sex chromosomes (in birds, a female bearing Z and W chromosomes) limits efforts to understand the mechanisms of these processes. Here, we assemble the genome for a female EYR and use low-depth (10×) genome resequencing data from 19 individuals of known sex to identify chromosome fragments with sex-specific inheritance.

Findings
MaSuRCA hybrid assembly using Nanopore and Illumina reads generated a 1.22-Gb EYR genome in 20,702 scaffolds (94.2% BUSCO completeness). Scaffolds were tested for W-linked (female-only) inheritance using a k-mer approach, and for Z-linked inheritance using median read-depth test in male and female reads (read-depths must indicate haploid female and diploid male representation). This resulted in 2,372 W-linked scaffolds (total length: 97,872,282 bp, N50: 81,931 bp) and 586 Z-linked scaffolds (total length: 121,817,358 bp, N50: 551,641 bp). Anchoring of the sex-linked EYR scaffolds to the reference genome of a female zebra finch revealed 2 categories of sex-linked genomic regions. First, 653 W-linked scaffolds (25.7 Mb) were anchored to the W sex chromosome and 215 Z-linked scaffolds (74.4 Mb) to the Z. Second, 1,138 W-linked scaffolds (70.9 Mb) and 179 Z-linked scaffolds (51.0 Mb) were anchored to a large section (coordinates ~5 to ~60 Mb) of zebra finch chromosome 1A. The first ~5 Mb and last ~14 Mb of the reference chromosome 1A had only autosomally behaving EYR scaffolds mapping to them.

Conclusions
We report a female (W chromosome–containing) EYR genome and provide genomic evidence for a neo-sex (neo-W and neo-Z) chromosome system in the EYR, involving most of a large chromosome (1A) previously only reported to be autosomal in passerines.
Helping High School-Aged Military Dependents With Autism Gain Employment Through Project SEARCH + ASD Supports
Authors: Whittenburg Holly N , Schall Carol M , Wehman Paul , McDonough Jennifer , DuBois Thomas 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Introduction: Youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) face high rates of unemployment, with unique challenges for military-dependent and -connected youth with ASD. This paper reports preliminary findings from Year One of a randomized waitlist controlled trial investigating the efficacy of the Project SEARCH + ASD Supports (PS + ASD) intervention model for military-dependent and -connected youth with ASD. Methods: Treatment group participants (n = 6) participated in internships at a military installation in the southeastern United States; waitlist group participants (n = 8) received special education transition services at their local high schools. Employment outcome data were collected at 12 months for both groups. Results: Fourteen unique internship experiences were developed across seven business partner organizations on the military installation during Year One. Five of six PS + ASD treatment group participants obtained competitive integrated employment for an overall employment rate of 83.3%. Four of the positions were federal jobs. None of the waitlist group participants obtained competitive integrated employment during the same period. Conclusions: Initial results are promising and suggest that the PS + ASD model may help to meet the transition needs of military-dependent and -connected youth with ASD and the employment needs of local military communities.
Screening of donors and recipients for infections prior to solid organ transplantation
Authors: Nanayakkara Deepa D. , Schaenman Joanna 
Published: September 2019

Purpose of review
This review is a brief overview of current guidelines on screening donors and candidates for bacterial, fungal, parasitic and viral infections prior to solid organ transplantation. The pretransplant period is an important time to evaluate infection exposure risk based on social history as well as to offer vaccinations.

Recent findings
One of the major changes in the past few years has been increased utilization of increased Public Health Service risk, HIV positive, and hepatitis C-positive donors. There has also been increased attention to donor and recipient risks for geographically associated infections, such as endemic fungal infections and flaviviruses.

Summary
Screening for donors and candidates prior to organ transplantation can identify and address infection risks. Diagnosing infections in a timely manner can help guide treatment and additional testing. Use of necessary prophylactic treatment in organ recipients can prevent reactivation of latent infections and improve posttransplant outcomes.
Identification of MCM8IP, an interactor of MCM8-9 and RPA1 that promotes homologous recombination and DNA synthesis in response to DNA damage
Authors: Huang Jen-Wei , Taglialatela Angelo , Acharya Ananya , Leuzzi Giuseppe , Nambiar Tarun S. , Cuella-Martin Raquel , Hayward Samuel B. , Brunette Gregory J. , Anand Roopesh , Soni Rajesh K. , Clark Nathan L. , Bernstein Kara A. , Cejka Petr , Ciccia Alberto 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTHomologous recombination (HR) mediates the error-free repair of DNA double-strand breaks to maintain genomic stability. HR is carried out by a complex network of DNA repair factors. Here we identify C17orf53/MCM8IP, an OB-fold containing protein that binds ssDNA, as a novel DNA repair factor involved in HR. MCM8IP-deficient cells exhibit HR defects, especially in long-tract gene conversion, occurring downstream of RAD51 loading, consistent with a role for MCM8IP in HR-dependent DNA synthesis. Moreover, loss of MCM8IP confers cellular sensitivity to crosslinking agents and PARP inhibition. Importantly, we identify a direct interaction with MCM8-9, a putative helicase complex mutated in Primary Ovarian Insufficiency, that is crucial for MCM8IP’s ability to promote resistance to DNA damaging agents. In addition to its association with MCM8-9, MCM8IP also binds directly to RPA1. We show that the interactions of MCM8IP with both MCM8-9 and RPA are required to maintain replication fork progression in response to treatment with crosslinking agents. Collectively, our work identifies MCM8IP as a key regulator of DNA damage-associated DNA synthesis during DNA recombination and replication.
JUUL and Combusted Cigarettes Comparably Impair Endothelial Function
Authors: Rao Poonam , Liu Jiangtao , Springer Matthew L. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesJUUL and earlier generation electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) are promoted as being less hazardous than cigarettes. While JUUL Labs, in particular, claims that switching from smoking to vaping has beneficial impacts, the health effects of such products are not well understood. We investigated whether exposure to JUUL and previous generation e-cig aerosol impairs endothelial function comparably to cigarette smoke.MethodsWe exposed rats to aerosol from Virginia Tobacco flavor JUUL, an e-cig tank system using unflavored freebase nicotine e-liquid, Marlboro Red combustible tobacco cigarettes, or clean air for 10 cycles of 2 second inhalation over 5 minutes. Endothelial function (FMD) was measured pre- and post-exposure. Blood was collected 20 mins post-exposure for serum nicotine analysis.ResultsAerosol/smoke from JUUL, previous generation e-cigs, and cigarettes all impaired FMD. The extent of impairment ranged from 34%-58%, although the differences between groups were insignificant. Nicotine was highest in serum from the JUUL group; for the other e-cig and cigarette groups, nicotine levels were lower and comparable to each other.ConclusionsAerosol from JUUL and previous generation e-cigs impairs endothelial function in rats, comparable to impairment by cigarette smoke.
Production of Hybrid Rice seeds using environment sensitive genic male sterile (EGMS) and basmati rice lines in Kenya
Authors: Nthakanio Njiruh Paul , Njau Kariuki Simon 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPhotoperiod-sensitive genic male sterile rice (PGMS) lines IR-73827-23-76-15-7 S, IR-75589-31-27-8-33S referred to as P1 and P2, and IR-77271-42-25-4-36S, thermo-sensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) line referred to as T were obtained from International Rice research Institute. These lines, collectively known as environment genic male sterile lines, were sown under greenhouse growth conditions where temperatures were more than 34°C with an objective of inducing complete male gamete sterility in them. Results indicated that high temperature growth conditions induces complete male gamete sterility in both the PGMS and TGMS lines. The impact of this is that, it will be possible to produce pure basmati hybrid rice seed in the tropical regions without contamination with pure breed lines. The male sterile PGMS/TGMS were pollinated with pollen from basmati370 and 217 grown under natural conditions and some hybrid seeds were obtained. This shows that high temperature emasculated the male gametes but not female ones. The conclusion is that it is possible to induce complete male gamete sterility in PGMS and TGMS under greenhouse in tropical growth conditions, and to produce hybrid rice seeds. This makes basmati hybrid rice seed production in Kenya a viable venture.
Non-hierarchical, RhlR-regulated acyl-homoserine lactone quorum sensing in a cystic fibrosis isolate ofPseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Cruz Renae L. , Asfahl Kyle L. , Van den Bossche Sara , Coenye Tom , Crabbé Aurélie , Dandekar Ajai A. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThe opportunistic pathogenPseudomonas aeruginosais a leading cause of airway infection in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients.P. aeruginosaemploys several hierarchically arranged and interconnected quorum sensing (QS) regulatory circuits to produce a battery of virulence factors such as elastase, phenazines, and rhamnolipids. The QS transcription factor LasR sits atop this hierarchy, and activates the transcription of dozens of genes, including that encoding the QS regulator RhlR. Paradoxically, inactivatinglasRmutations are frequently observed in isolates from CF patients with chronicP. aeruginosainfections. In contrast, mutations inrhlRare rare. We have recently shown that in CF isolates, the QS circuitry is often “rewired” such that RhlR acts in a LasR-independent manner. To begin understanding how QS activity differs in this “rewired” background, we characterized QS activation and RhlR-regulated gene expression inP. aeruginosaE90, a LasR-null, RhlR-active chronic infection isolate. In this isolate, RhlR activates the expression of 53 genes in response to increasing cell density. The genes regulated by RhlR include several that encode virulence factors. Some, but not all, of these genes are present in the QS regulon described in the well-studied laboratory strain PAO1. We also demonstrate that E90 produces virulence factors at similar concentrations to that of PAO1. Unlike PAO1, cytotoxicity by E90 in a three-dimensional lung epithelium cell model is also RhlR-regulated. These data illuminate a “rewired” LasR-independent RhlR regulon in chronic infection isolates and suggest that RhlR may be a target for therapeutic development in chronic infections.AUTHOR SUMMARYPseudomonas aeruginosais a prominent cystic fibrosis (CF) pathogen that uses quorum sensing (QS) to regulate virulence. In laboratory strains, the key QS regulator is LasR. Some isolates from patients with chronic CF infections appear to use an alternate QS circuitry in which another transcriptional regulator, RhlR, mediates QS. We show that a LasR-null CF clinical isolate engages in QS through RhlR and remains capable of inducing cell death in anin vivo-like lung epithelium cell model. Our findings support the notion that LasR-null clinical isolates can engage in RhlR QS and highlight the centrality of RhlR gene regulation in chronicP. aeruginosainfections.
Survival of self-replicating molecules under transient compartmentalization with natural selection
Authors: Laurent Gabin , Peliti Luca , Lacoste David 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe problem of the emergence and survival of self-replicating molecules in origin-of-life scenarios is plagued by the error catastrophe, which is usually escaped by considering effects of compartmentalization, as in the stochastic corrector model. By addressing the problem in a simple system composed of a self-replicating molecule (a replicase) and a parasite molecule that needs the replicase for copying itself, we show that transient (rather than permanent) compartmentalization is sufficient to the task. We also exhibit a regime in which the concentrations of the two kinds of molecules undergo sustained oscillations. Our model should be relevant not only for origin-of-life scenarios but also for describing directed evolution experiments, which increasingly rely on transient compartmentalization with pooling and natural selection.
A lipid code-dependent phosphoswitch directs PIN-mediated auxin efflux in Arabidopsis development
Authors: Tan Shutang , Zhang Xixi , Kong Wei , Yang Xiao-Li , Molnár Gergely , Friml Jiří , Xue Hong-Wei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDirectional intercellular transport of the phytohormone auxin mediated by PIN FORMED (PIN) efflux carriers plays essential roles in both coordinating patterning processes and integrating multiple external cues by rapidly redirecting auxin fluxes. Multilevel regulations of PIN activity under internal and external cues are complicated; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Here we demonstrate that 3’-Phosphoinositide-Dependent Protein Kinase1 (PDK1), which is conserved in plants and mammals, functions as a molecular hub integrating the upstream lipid signalling and the downstream substrate activity through phosphorylation. Genetic analysis uncovers that loss-of-function Arabidopsis mutant pdk1.1 pdk1.2 exhibits a plethora of abnormalities in organogenesis and growth, due to the defective PIN-dependent auxin transport. Further cellular and biochemical analyses reveal that PDK1 phosphorylates D6 Protein Kinase to facilitate its activity towards PIN proteins. Our studies establish a lipid-dependent phosphorylation cascade connecting membrane composition-based cellular signalling with plant growth and patterning by regulating morphogenetic auxin fluxes.
The roots of police corruption and anti-corruption reform in South Korea
Authors: Choi Jin-Wook , Bak Jina 
Published: September 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the roots of police corruption, evaluate the effectiveness of anti-corruption measures, and suggest recommendations to prevent and control police corruption in South Korea.Design/methodology/approachThis paper adopts a qualitative approach to identify the key causes and to assess the reform agenda of police corruption in South Korea. In doing so, it introduces a brief history and profile of the police force, explores changes in police corruption, identifies the roots of police corruption, assesses the effectiveness of anti-corruption measures and offers policy recommendations to curb corruption in the South Korean police.FindingsThis paper claims that conventional and current anti-corruption measures have not been effective in minimizing police corruption in South Korea. It identifies the scope of police work and duties without proper accountability, a code of silence in police organizations, the low ethical standards of police officers and weak punitive measures against corrupt police officers as the main causes of corruption. Strenuous reform efforts that directly target these causes are needed to reduce corruption in the South Korean police.Originality/valueThis paper will be a useful reference for readers who are interested in why corruption has not been effectively prevented and controlled in the South Korean police.