bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Evolving Treatment Algorithm for Advanced Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Diversity and Commonalities Across Tumor Types
Authors: Hendifar Andrew E. , Dhall Deepti , Strosberg Jonathan R. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) most commonly arise in the gastroenteropancreatic system and lungs. The incidence of NEN is increasing globally, with improved diagnostic techniques identifying patients with early-stage disease. The number of approved therapies for the treatment of advanced disease has grown substantially in the past decade. The treatment algorithm for advanced NEN is evolving from one that is directed by primary site–specific classification to one that is directed by biologic classification, as evidenced by overlapping systemic treatments across the primary tumor sites. Commonalities in biologic characteristics across primary sites include functional status, differentiation status, grade, level of somatostatin receptor expression, and genetic alterations. In this review, we discuss current clinical evidence and available therapies for the treatment of advanced NEN and highlight the need for prospective trials in patients with well-differentiated, high-grade NEN.

Implications for Practice
This review raises awareness of the evolution of the treatment algorithm for advanced neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) from one that is directed by primary tumor site–specific classification to one that is directed by biologic classification. In addition, this review promotes understanding of the new pathologic category of well-differentiated G3 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and highlights the need for prospective trials in this patient population, for whom there is currently no standard of care. This review further provides a conceptual treatment schematic that categorizes the recommendations for systemic treatments for advanced disease by biologic classification, including the new and established categories of NEN.
Zooplankton Fauna of Some Temporary Volcanic Lakes in Gaziantep
Authors: Bozkurt Ahmet , GENÇ Münevver Ayçe 
Published: August 2018

Zooplankton species
diversity of four temporary lakes around Tahtaköprü Dam Lake (Gaziantep) has
been determined within the provincial borders of Gaziantep. During the study, a
total of 29 species (18 belonging to Rotifera, 8 to Cladocera and 3 to
Copepoda) were identified in the study area. It was determined that the zooplankton
fauna of the lakes consist of the same species and the amounts of all species were abundant.
PHENOTYPIC DETECTION OF AMPC β-LACTAMASE ENZYME IN GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI
Authors: Anoar Khanda , Omer Sherko , Majid Bayan , Rahim Hero , Muhammed Shno 
Published: August 2018

Background
Bacterial resistance to antimicrobials are achieved by several mechanisms including production of enzymes such as β-lactamases; according to Ambler classification, β-lactamases are classified into four classes, A to D. AmpC β-lactamase production is related to chromosomal or plasmid genes expression in Gram-negative bacteria.
Objectives
To determine AmpC β-lactamase production among hospital isolates of Enterobacteriaceae and non-fermener Gram-negative bacilli in Sulaimani providence and to evaluate different phenotypic methods for detection of AmpC β-lactamase.
Materials and Methods
A total of 108 Gram-negative bacilli bacterial isolates collected from different infections in several governmental hospitals in Sulaimani city were assessed for β-lactamase production. The isolates were identified using biochemical methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by Bauer-Kirby disk diffusion method using 14 antimicrobial agents including cefoxitin. Cefoxitin-resistant isolates were tested for AmpC production by four phenotypic tests including disk approximation test, disk antagonism test, hodge test, and AmpC disk test.
Results
Among 108 isolates, 47 (43.5%) were Escherichia coli and 35 (32.4%) were Pseudomonas aeruginosa. From the isolates, 98.1% were resistant to ampicillin while 71.3% were sensitive to imipenem and 68 isolates (63%) were resistant to cefoxitin. We found that 59 out of 68 to cefoxitin-resistant isolates (86.8%) produce AmpC by hodge test while other tests detected less AmpC production. In regard to hodge test, specificity of the other three tests reached 100% while sensitivity ranged from 55.93 in disk approximation test to 79.66% from both disk antagonism test and AmpC disk test.
Conclusion
AmpC b-lactamase production was common among Gram-negative bacilli from hospital isolates. Cefoxitin screening followed by hodge test for AmpC production was the best test to find b-lactamase producers. Different AmpC b-lactamase production tests can be used according to the tested bacteria.
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC MORPHOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF TETRALOGY OF FALLOT IN SULAIMANI PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY DEPARTMENT /KURDISTAN /IRAQ
Authors: Salih Aso , Rashid Dalya , Hamawandi Adnan 
Published: August 2018

Background
Congenital heart diseases (CHD) are the most common of all congenital malformations. Tetralogy of fallot (TOF) is the most common of the cyanotic defects. TOF consists of four major abnormalities occurring together; subpulmonaryinfundibular stenosis, ventricular septal defect, aortic overrides and right ventricular hypertrophy. This classification of Tetralogy of fallot according to the pulmonary trunk is the first study done in Sulaimani up to our knowledge.
Objectives
To determine the morphological classification of tetralogy of fallot according to the pulmonary trunk in Sulaimani pediatrics teaching hospital – cardiology department.
Patients and Methods
This is a retrospective study conducted in Pediatric teaching hospital in Sulaimani for a total 308 cases from 1st Aug 2006 - 1st Aug 2012. The source of information was the medical and echocardiography records pediatric cardiology department from Sulaimani teaching hospital.
Results
Among 308 cases, 109 cases were hypoplastic pulmonary branches, 185 cases were good pulmonary branches, 11 cases were unclear & 3 cases were absent pulmonary branches. Tetralogy of fallot are common in children age groups about 205 cases, 86 cases of infants, 14 cases of adults & 3 cases of neonates. Tetralogy of fallot had associated lesions like patent ductus atriosus (68) cases, ventricular septal defect (86) cases, atrial septal defect (26) cases, aortopulmonary collaterals (35) cases & aortic regurgitation (31) cases. 125 of 308 cases of Tetralogy of fallot were operated.
Conclusions
Good pulmonary branches are common type of Tetralogy of fallot. Tetralogy of fallot is common in children age groups, slightly more common in males than in females. Additional ventricular septal defect & patent ductus atriosus are common associated lesions of Tetralogy of fallot.
Tumor necrosis factor-α-activated mesenchymal stem cells accelerate wound healing through vascular endothelial growth factor regulation in rats
Authors: Nugraha Aditya , Putra Agung 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundWounds are areas of physical or thermal damage of the epithelial layer of skin or mucosa. The wound healing process consists of hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a role in wound healing by suppressing potent pro-inflammatory molecules, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), leading to macrophage polarization from the pro-inflammatory type to the pro-regeneration type characterized by increasing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production. MSCs are able to increase VEGF level in-vivo correlated with collagen synthesis. The objective of this study was to assess the role of TNF-α-activated MSCs on VEGF in rat wounds. MethodsAn experimental animal study with post-test only control group design was performed involving 24 Wistar rats. The rats were randomized into four groups consisting of one control (K) and three treatment groups (P) (activated MSCs at doses of 3x105, 6x105, and 12x105 cells, respectively). The measurement of VEGF levels was done using ELISA assay while the collagen analysis was performed by light microscopy. One way ANOVA and Post Hoc LSD were used to analyze the data.ResultsThe results showed a significant increase in VEGF levels (p <0.05) on day 3 and then a significant decrease on day 5 along with a significant increase in the amount of collagen on day 7 (p<0.05).ConclusionThis study demonstrated that TNF-α-activated MSCs were able to regulate VEGF levels and collagen synthesis in wound healing in rats. The molecular mechanism by which TNF-α-activated MSCs stimulate cutaneous wound healing should be clarified further.
New tuberculosis vaccine to support tuberculosis elimination
Authors: Chondro Fransisca 
Published: August 2018

The Sustainable Development Goals have prioritized ending the epidemic of tuberculosis by 2030.(1) Around one-third of the world population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTBC), but is asymptomatic, a conditon known as latent TB.According to the global tuberculosis report, in 2017 there were 5-15% of 1.7 billion persons infected with MTBC, who will develop TB in their lives. Around 10% of latent TB will develop into active TB disease, with a higher risk in patients with immunodeficiencies such as HIV, undernutrition, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and habitual alcohol consumption. As a result there are annually an estimated 8.8 million new TB cases, with a TB mortality of 1.1 million and deaths from TB and HIV coinfection of 350 thousand cases.The World Health Organization has planned a number of strategies for TB elimination in the year 2030, such as developing rapid and accurate diagnostic tests, new regimens for the treatment of drug-susceptible or drug-resistant TB, prevention of transmission of M. tuberculosis through infection control, new vaccine candidates to prevent the development of TB, and to help improve the outcomes of treatment for TB disease.
FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF RISK FACTORS AND ADHERENCE TO DRUG THERAPY IN YAKUTS WHO UNDERWENT Q-POSITIVE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Kylbanova E. S. , Guryeva E. V. , Pavlova A. V. 
Published: August 2018

The aim of the article was to study for 12 months the adherence to drug therapy and the incidence of cardiovascular risk factors in Yakutia patients who underwent Q-positive myocardial infarction.Materials and methods. The analysis included 113 patients from Yakutsk with Q-positive acute myocardial infarction, the average age is 59 [51;64] years old.Results. The following conclusions are obtained: The majority of patients of Yakut nationality who underwent Q-positive myocardial infarction have a high incidence of cardiovascular risk factors. Among the examined patients of this category after 6 months was received a low adherence to prescription drugs: clopidogrel /ticagrelor (by 9.9%), ACE inhibitors / sartans (by 18%), β-adrenoblockers (by 24.6%), statins (by 46.7%). For the 12th month after a second consultation, there was an increased adherence to taking the statins by 33.3% and beta-blockers by 17.8%. AH is a well-controlled risk factor, in most patients there is an effective reduction in high blood pressure values from the first months. The mean of total cholesterol, cholesnerol — LDL and the frequency of hypercholesterinemia, hypercholesterinemia LDL for 12 months after a recent MI is decreased, but the target values were not achieved due to low adherence to taking statins.Conclusion. Due to the low adherence to drug therapy and the insufficient correction of risk factors for CVD after MI there was noted repeated hospitalizations for repeated ACS, decompensation of CHF, and fatal cases/outcomes, regardless of ethnicity, which requires intensification of the measures for dispenserization, at the primary level health.
Analysis of a Discrete-Time Geo/G/1 Queue in a Multi-Phase Service Environment with Disasters
Authors: Jiang Tao 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This paper considers a discrete-time Geo/G/1 queue in a multi-phase service environment, where the system is subject to disastrous breakdowns, causing all present customers to leave the system simultaneously. At a failure epoch, the server abandons the service and the system undergoes a repair period. After the system is repaired, it jumps to operative phase i with probability qi, i = 1, 2 ⋯, n. Using the supplementary variable technique, we obtain the distribution for the stationary queue length at the arbitrary epoch, which are then used for the computation of other performance measures. In addition, we derive the expected length of a cycle time, the generating function of the sojourn time of an arbitrary customer, and the generating function of the server’s working time in a cycle. We also give the relationship between the discrete-time queueing system to its continuous-time counterpart. Finally, some examples and numerical results are presented.
Environmental Wisdom in Oral Literature of Arjuna Slopes People
Authors: Sukmawan Sony - 
Published: August 2018

This study sought to describe the orientation, representation, and the relationship of oral literary texts of the Slopes Arjuna towards its nature, poetical characteristics and literary texts narrative by using ecocriticism theory. The interdisciplinary approach used to understand the data were ecocritics, literary, ethical approach to the environment, cultural approach, and folkloristic approach. The instruments used were observation and in-depth- interview. The research was conducted on the slopes of Mount Arjuna, East Java from November 2012 to February 2014. The result shows that the range of oral literature texts of Arjuna Slopes communities explicitly and implicitly, intensively and extensively, show the orientation towards nature. It shows that the oral literature of Arjuna slope people obtains the pastoral narrative and apocalyptic narrative. The study also reveals the presence of biological nature and the psychological nature which are conveyed explicitly and demonstrated in its vitality. The texts orientation towards nature is more detailed presented in the various forms of nature. Nature orientation occurred in the text becomes an emphatic and important marker of environmental wisdom literature. Furthermore, the characteristics of environmental wisdom literature which are identified and constructed based on the review of the public oral literature of Slopes Arjuna have its distinctiveness. This peculiarity is seen in the breath of cosmocentric-spirituality born from harmony syncretization between spirituality Kejawen, Islami Sarengat, Hindu-Buddhist mysticism, as the source of wisdom of environmental values in the society of Slopes Arjuna oral literature.
Effectiveness of Picture Story Books Reading to Increase Kindness in Children Aged 5-6 Years
Authors: Retnowati Giyati , Salim Rose Mini Agoes , Saleh Airin Y 
Published: August 2018

This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of picture in storybook reading to increase kindness in children. This research involved 31 children aged 5-6 years; they were taken from the kindergarten in Bandung as the participants. The intervention was done by reading eight picture books in eight days. The kindness was measured using a measurement instrument created by the researcher, in the form of nine coloured cards that described the behaviour of kindness. The measurement was also done by seeing through the kindness tree and observation sheets that filled out by the teacher. The data analysis using the Wilcoxon Signed-rank test shows a significant difference in the average score of kindness (p<0,05) before and after picture storybook reading. Two weeks after the intervention, the improvement on all kindness behaviours with the post-test score is greater than pre-test score that still can be found. Observation through kindness tree and observational sheets shows the same result.
Code-Switching in Selling and Buying at Segiri Market Samarinda, East Kalimantan: a Sociolinguistics Study
Authors: Bastiar Islamiah , Marmanto Sri , Sumarlam Sumarlam 
Published: August 2018

The purposes of this research were (1) to describe the form of the code-switching in selling and buying at Segiri market Samarinda, East Kalimantan, and (2) to describe factors of code-switching in selling and buying at Segiri market Samarinda, East Kalimantan. The method used in this research was descriptive qualitative and employed a sociolinguistics study in the form of Poplack approach. Data sources of this research were activities and informants. Meanwhile, the type of data was the form of speech in the conversation. In collecting data, (1) observation, (2) field notes, (3) recording, and (4) interviews were used. In analyzing data, Miles and Huberman interactive analysis and Dell Hymes, ethnography communication method was used. The result of this research shows that (1) Form of the code-switching in selling and buying at Segiri market Samarinda, East Kalimantan are (a) tag switching consists of 21 data, and (b) inter-sentential consists of 41 data. The data is taken from Indonesian language, Banjar language, Kutai language, Java language, and Bugis language, and (2) Factors of community language, culture, tribe, and environment existing in Segiri market Samarinda, East Kalimantan also influences the way of code-switching in selling and buying transaction at Segiri market Samarinda, East Kalimantan.
Improvement of monitoring of tertiary filtration with particle counting
Authors: Miska V. , van der Graaf J.H.J.M. , de Koning J. 
Published: August 2018

Nowadays filtration processes are still monitored with conventional analyses like turbidity measurements and, in case of flocculation–filtration, with phosphorus analyses. Turbidity measurements have the disadvantage that breakthrough of small flocs cannot be displayed, because of the blindness regarding changes in the mass distributions. Additional particle volume distributions calculated from particle size distributions (PSDs) would provide a better assessment of filtration performance.
Lab-scale experiments have been executed on a flocculation–filtration column fed with effluent from WWTP Beverwijk in The Netherlands. Besides particle counting at various sampling points, the effect of sample dilution on the accuracy of PSD measurements has been reflected. It was found that the dilution has a minor effect on PSD of low turbidity samples such as process filtrate. The correlation between total particle counts, total particle volume (TPV) and total particle surface is not high but is at least better for diluted measurements of particles in the range 2–10 μm. Furthermore, possible relations between floc-bound phosphorus and TPV removal had been investigated. A good correlation coefficient is found for TPV removal versus floc-bound phosphorus removal for the experiments with polyaluminiumchloride and the experiments with single denitrifying and blank filtration.
Photolysis of cyflufenamid in liquid media
Authors: Zheng Zhangyu , Zhang Chunyan , Shi Haiyan , Liu Zhiwei , Duan Jinsheng , Wang Minghua 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The photolysis of cyflufenamid (CFA) in different organic solvents and water under ultraviolet irradiation was investigated. The photolytic rate constant and photolytic half-life were measured for the different solutions. Factors influencing the photolysis of CFA were investigated, including initial concentration, types of solvent, pH, occurrence of catalyst (TiO2), and environmental substances (Fe3+, Fe2+, NO3−, NO2−). Photolysis of CFA followed first-order kinetics in various systems, and the photolytic rate of CFA decreased with increased initial concentration. Photolytic rates of CFA in different solvents were as follows: n-hexane &gt; methanol &gt; acetonitrile &gt; ultrapure water &gt; ethyl acetate. The pH had a significant effect on the photolysis of CFA, and the photolysis rate reached its peak at pH 9.0. NO2− and TiO2 had positive effects on the photolysis of CFA, while Fe2+ had an adverse effect. NO3− in aqueous solution had no effect on the photolysis of CFA. In addition, the rates of photolysis were accelerated at lower concentrations of Fe3+ (0.5–5 mmol L−1) and decreased at higher concentrations (10 mmol L−1). Moreover, a main photolytic product of CFA was confirmed to be N-cyclopropoxy-2,3-difluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide, and cleavage of the amido bond was proposed to be the predicted photolysis pathway in n-hexane.
Patient characteristics and bleeding events in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients treated with apixaban or vitamin K antagonists: real-world evidence from Italian administrative databases
Authors: Ramagopalan Sreeram , Allan Victoria , Saragoni Stefania , Esposti Luca Degli , Alessandrini Davide , Perrone Valentina , Buda Stefano , Stynes Gillian , Toma Caterina , DeSolda Francesco ,   on behalf of a LHUs group
Published: August 2018

Aim:
This study aimed to evaluate the risk of major bleeding among two cohorts of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients newly initiating a vitamin K antagonist (VKA) or apixaban in a real-world setting in Italy.
Patients & methods:
A retrospective study using a large administrative database of Italian local health units was performed, using data from ten local health units and patients were included from the date of new initiation of apixaban or VKAs from January 2012 to June 2015.
Results:
Risk of major bleeding was calculated using an adjusted Cox regression model. Compared with VKA, apixaban had a significantly lower risk of major bleeding (hazard ratio = 0.44 [95% CI: 0.12–0.97]).
Conclusion:
In this analysis, apixaban was associated with a lower risk of major bleeding compared with VKA.
Estimation of the transfer of vascular epiphytes, as a conservation strategy in the municipality of Aguazul, Casanare, Colombia.
Authors: Orozco Ávila Javier , Valencia Marín Argemiro , Betancur Pérez Jhon Fredy 
Published: August 2018

Epiphytes are plants that grow mainly attached to trunks, branches of trees and shrubs. This research was conducted in the municipality of Aguazul, Casanare, Colombia, in order to evaluate conservation strategies through the transfer and recovery of vascular epiphytes. The selected population was 119 individuals. The variables were number of leaves, number of flowers, number of fruits, mortality rate, herbivory and associated entomofauna. The information collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics. As a result, it was found that the Bromeliaceae Family had the highest leaf development in the three monitorings. Bromeliaceae and Cactaceae Families did not present flowering and Orchidaceae presented low flowering. Fruiting had a similar behavior for these three families. Cactaceae Family did not present mortality, Orchidaceae recorded 2.02% and Bromeliaceae Family recorded 5.56% of mortality. As for herbivory, the orchid family filed a percentage of 0.06%; the Bromeliaceae Family reported 0.11%, while the cactus family did not record any kind. The entomofauna was found mainly in the Formicidae group for the three families, being the Cactaceae Family the one with a greater association, with 100%. According to the results, it is possible to move the vascular epiphytic species to new habitats, which makes it a viable alternative for revegetation of the affected area with conservation purposes.