bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy after cancer: Does timing of conception affect infant health?
Authors: Hartnett Kathleen P. , Mertens Ann C. , Kramer Michael R. , Lash Timothy L. , Spencer Jessica B. , Ward Kevin C. , Howards Penelope P. 
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUNDThe objective of this retrospective cohort study was to determine whether women who conceive soon after treatment for cancer have higher risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes.METHODSVital records data were linked to cancer registry diagnosis and treatment information in 3 US states. Women who conceived their first pregnancy after diagnosis between ages 20 and 45 years with any invasive cancer or ductal carcinoma in situ were eligible. Log‐binomial models were used to compare risks in cancer survivors who conceived in each interval to the risks in matched comparison births to women without cancer.RESULTSWomen who conceived ≤1 year after starting chemotherapy for any cancer had higher risks of preterm birth than comparison women (chemotherapy alone: relative risk [RR], 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3‐2.7; chemotherapy with radiation: RR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.6‐3.6); women who conceived ≥1 year after starting chemotherapy without radiation or ≥2 years after chemotherapy with radiation did not. In analyses imputing the treatment end date for breast cancer survivors, those who conceived ≥1 year after finishing chemotherapy with or without radiation had no higher risks than women without cancer. The risk of preterm birth in cervical cancer survivors largely persisted but was somewhat lower in pregnancies conceived after the first year (for pregnancies conceived ≤1 year after diagnosis: RR, 3.5; 95% CI, 2.2‐5.4; for pregnancies conceived >1 year after diagnosis: RR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.6‐3.5).CONCLUSIONSIn women who received chemotherapy, the higher risk of preterm birth was limited to those survivors who had short intervals between treatment and conception.Cancer 2018;124:000‐000.
Luminescent and Magnetic Properties of Coordination Polymers Induced by Coordinating Modes of a Bis(oxamate) Ligand
Authors: Ma Li‐Na , Li Xiu‐Yuan , Shi Wen‐Juan , Li Yong‐Zhi , Liu Ge , Hou Lei , Wang Yao‐Yu 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe reactions of an unexploited N,N′‐5‐carboxyl‐1,3‐phenylenebis(ethyl oxamate) (HEt2L) ligand with different Mn2+ and Cd2+ salts under solvothermal conditions afforded four three‐dimensional (3D) coordination polymers (CPs): [Mn1.5L(H2O)2]⋅H2O (1) [Mn2L(C2O4)0.5(NMP)(H2O)] ⋅ NMP (2), [Cd1.5L(H2O)2.5] ⋅ H2O (3) and [Cd2L(C2O4)0.5(H2O)3] ⋅ H2O (4) (NMP=N‐methyl pyrrolidone). L, generated by the in‐situ hydrolysis of HEt2L, displays four kinds of coordinating modes through oxamate and carboxylate groups as well as different syn‐syn and syn‐trans configurations. The resulting novel (3,4,5)‐, (3,4,6)‐, (4,5)‐ and (4,4,4,5)‐connected topologies for 1–4 were formed. Among them, 1 has interesting 1D metal‐oxamate zigzag chains, 2 contains 1D channels with a free void of 52.5 %, 3 consists of an unprecedented Cd‐oxamate layer, 4 has a novel Cd‐oxamate‐oxalate chain. The antiferromagnetic interactions of 1 and 2 were observed, meanwhile 3 and 4 exhibit solid‐state luminescence with the maximum emission bands at 483 and 479 nm, respectively, under an excitation of 332 nm.
Secure cognitive radio‐based synchronized transmission of 5G signals using massive MIMO‐OFDM‐ES
Authors: P. Deepanramkumar , Karuppiah Marimuthu , Islam SK Hafizul , Obaidat (Fellow of IEEE and Fellow of SCS) Mohammad S. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryA cognitive radio network (CRN) can address spectrum scarcity issues to achieve higher levels of spectral efficiency. Fifth‐generation (5G) technologies are advanced telecommunication technologies that are built into CRNs. Network performance is enhanced when using a massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system that tolerates a large number of users based on the use of multiple antennas. Several previous research works have been conducted on 5G CRNs, although these works have failed to mitigate interference and the peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR). In this paper, a 5G CRN with massive MIMO that ensures secure data transmission is developed. Security is ensured via the standardized key–based secrecy method supported by a certificate authority. A CRN fusion centre (FC) plays a vital role in decision making. Fusion centre rotation is applied to mitigate interference. Massive MIMO‐OFDM effective signalling is used to address PAPR problems. The proposed CRN is experimentally modelled using network simulator 3, and its performance is evaluated. Our simulation results reveal improvements in channel capacity, a reduction in the PAPR and bit error rates, and improvements in spectral efficiency.
Adolescent social stress and social context influence the intake of ethanol and sucrose in male rats soon and long after the stress exposures
Authors: Marcolin Marina L. , Hodges Travis E. , Baumbach Jennet L. , McCormick Cheryl M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSocial instability stress in adolescent rats (SS; postnatal day 30–45, daily 1 hr isolation +new cage partner) alters behavioural responses to psychostimulants, but differences in voluntary consumption of natural and drug rewards are unknown. SS also is associated with an atypical behavioural repertoire, for example reduced social interactions. Here, we investigated whether SS rats differ from control (CTL) rats in ethanol (EtOH) or sucrose intake in experiments involving different social contexts: alone, in the presence of an unfamiliar peer, in the presence of its cage partner, or in competition against its cage partner. SS rats drank more EtOH than CTL rats irrespective of social context, although the effects were driven primarily by those tested soon after the test procedure rather than weeks later in adulthood. SS and CTL rats did not differ in sucrose intake, except in adulthood under conditions of competition for limited access (SS>CTL). Adolescent rats drank more sucrose than adults, in keeping with evidence that adolescents are more sensitive to natural rewards than adult animals. Overall, adolescent SS modified the reward value of EtOH and sucrose, perhaps through stress/glucocorticoids modifying the development of the mesocorticolimbic system.
Finding events in a continuous world: A developmental account
Authors: Levine Dani , Buchsbaum Daphna , Hirsh‐Pasek Kathy , Golinkoff Roberta M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEvent segmentation is a fundamental process of human cognition that organizes the continuous flux of activity into discrete, hierarchical units. The mechanism of event segmentation in infants seems to parallel the mechanism studied in adults, which centers on action predictability. Statistical learning appears to bootstrap infants’ event segmentation by generating action predictions without relying on prior knowledge. Infants’ first‐hand experiences with goal‐directed actions further enhance their prediction of others’ actions. Scaffolds for event segmentation are available in the input, with caregivers providing redundant cues to event boundaries through the use of motionese and acoustic packaging. Research points to the importance of developing event segmentation skills for development in other areas of cognition, including memory, social competence, and language, though more work is needed to capture the directionality of effects. Although event segmentation is a relatively new area of focus in cognition, this process illuminates how children make sense of an ever‐changing world.
Wetland compensation and its impacts on β‐diversity
Authors: Price Edward P. F. , Spyreas Greg , Matthews Jeffrey W. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe anthropogenic degradation of natural ecological communities can cause biodiversity loss in the form of biotic homogenization (i.e., reduced β‐diversity). Biodiversity offsetting practices, such as compensatory wetland mitigation, may inadvertently cause biotic homogenization if they produce locally homogenous or regionally recurring communities. The fact that compensation wetlands often resemble degraded wetlands suggests that potential impacts to β‐diversity are likely. Yet, it is unknown how high‐quality, low‐quality (degraded), and compensation wetlands compare in terms of β‐diversity. We compared the β‐diversity of high‐quality, low‐quality, and compensation wetlands at local and regional scales. β‐diversity was quantified as the average distance to group centroids in multivariate space based on pairwise comparisons of community composition. The local spatial structure of β‐diversity was assessed using species turnover across plots. Indicator species analysis was used to describe compositional differences potentially contributing to differences in β‐diversity. Overall, the β‐diversity of compensation sites did not differ from high‐quality or low‐quality natural wetlands. However, compensation wetlands had a high degree of internal turnover along the hydrological gradient, which culminated in homogenous zones in the wettest areas. Compared to high‐quality wetlands, low‐quality wetlands had significantly lower β‐diversity at local scales, but significantly greater β‐diversity at regional scales. Indicator species results showed that compensation wetlands were distinguished by low conservation value species typically found in old fields and waste areas. This analysis also indicated that the invasive grass Phalaris arundinacea was indicative of low‐quality and compensation wetlands. This species is likely contributing to differing patterns of β‐diversity between high‐quality and low‐quality wetlands. These results indicate that conclusions regarding β‐diversity depend on scale and scope of analysis. Particularly, the unique architecture of compensation wetlands makes conclusions regarding within‐site β‐diversity dependent on the observer's position along the hydrological gradient. Additionally, while we conclude that compensation wetlands are not contributing to biotic homogenization at the regional scale, these wetlands are distinct from both high‐quality and low‐quality wetlands in their composition and structure. Therefore, assessments of the overall success of wetland mitigation programs should acknowledge the reality of these differences.
The Synergetic Benefits of Passivation Layer and Catalytic Layer on Hematite for Efficient Water Splitting
Authors: Cheng Xiaoqin , Cao Shiyao , Huan Yahuan , Bai Zhiming , Li Minghua , Wu Hailin , Zhang Ruxiao , Peng Wencai , Ji Zhen , Yan Xiaoqin 
Published: November 2018

In photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting systems, an overlayer on the surface of the semiconductor has always been pursued with tremendous interest. The multicomponent Fe2O3/FexSn1−xO4/FeOOH photoanode is designed to achieve efficient water splitting. The photocurrent density of Fe2O3/FexSn1−xO4/FeOOH photoanode is 1.70 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), improved by 121.1%, compared with that of the pristine hematite photoanode (0.77 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs RHE) under air mass (AM) 1.5 illumination (100 mW cm−2). Detailed characterization is carried out to explore the main factors of photocurrent enhancement. The excellent PEC performance could be attributed to the synergetic benefits of FexSn1−xO4 passivation layer and FeOOH catalyst, which reduce the rate of electron–hole recombination and improve water oxidation reaction kinetics. The results prove a new sight to achieve efficient PEC water splitting.
Understanding fracture distribution and its relation to knickpoint evolution in the Rio Icacos watershed (Luquillo Critical Zone Observatory, Puerto Rico) using landscape‐scale hydrogeophysics
Authors: Comas Xavier , Wright William , Hynek Scott A. , Fletcher Raymond C. , Brantley Susan L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe Rio Icacos watershed in the Luquillo Mountains (Puerto Rico) is unique due to its extremely rapid weathering rates. The watershed is incised into a quartz diorite that has developed a large knickzone defining the river profile. Regolith thickness within the watershed generally decreases from 20 to 30 m at the ridges to several meters in the quartz diorite‐dominated valley to tens of centimeters near the major river knickpoint, as determined from previous studies. Above the knickzone, we observe spheroidal corestones, but below this weathering is much less apparent. Measured erosion rates from previous studies are also high in the knickzone compared with upper elevations within the river profile. A suite of near‐surface geophysical methods (i.e. ground penetrating radar and terrain conductivity) capable of fast data acquisition in rugged landscapes, was deployed at kilometer scales to characterize critical zone structure. Concentrations of chaotic ground penetrating radar (GPR) reflections and diffraction hyperbolas with low electrical conductivity were observed in vertical zones that outcrop at the land surface as areas of intense fracturing and spheroidally weathered corestones. The width of these fractured and weathered zones showed an increase with proximity to the knickpoint, and was attributed to dilation of these sub‐vertical fractures near the knickpoint, as postulated theoretically by a stress model calculated for the topographic variability across the knickzone in the Rio Icacos, and that shows a release of compressive stress near the knickpoint. We hypothesize that erosion rates increase in the knickzone because of this inferred dilation of fractures. Specifically, opened fractures could enhance access of water and in turn promote spalling, erosion, and spheroidal weathering. This study shows that ground‐based hydrogeophysical methods used at the landscape‐scale (traditionally applied at smaller scales) can be used to explore critical zone architecture at the scales needed to explain the extreme variability in erosion rates across river profiles. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient artificial fish swarm based clustering approach on mobility aware energy‐efficient for MANET
Authors: Gupta Deepak , Khanna Ashish , SK Lakshmanaprabu , Shankar K. , Furtado Vasco , Rodrigues Joel J. P. C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a gathering of self‐ruling mobile nodes in which ad hoc network framed without settled foundation. Dynamic topology property of MANET may debase the execution of the network, mobility attentiveness, and energy effectiveness because of an ideal cluster head (CH). The low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy protocol is used in the MANETs for enhancement of network life time by proficiently utilizing of the accessible constrained energy. Artificial fish swarm optimization is used to select the CH in MANET communication process. The election of CH takes care of mobility and remaining energy as well as the degree of connectivity for selecting nodes to serve as cluster for longer duration of time. From the implementation results, it is observed that the proposed method provides the maximum network life time as 80 to 140 hours and minimum energy consumption as 9 to 130 J, compared with existing protocol and optimization technique.
Peatland carbon stocks and burn history: Blanket bog peat core evidence highlights charcoal impacts on peat physical properties and long‐term carbon storage
Authors: Heinemeyer Andreas , Asena Quinn , Burn William Lee , Jones Anthony Lloyd 
Published: November 2018

Peatlands are globally important carbon stores, yet both natural and human impacts can influence peatland carbon accumulation. While changes in climate can alter peatland water tables leading to changes in peat decomposition, managed burning of vegetation has also been claimed to reduce peat accumulation. Particularly in the UK, blanket bog peatlands are rotationally burned to encourage heather re‐growth on grouse shooting estates. However, the evidence of burning impacts on peat carbon stocks is very limited and contradictory. We assessed peat carbon accumulation over the last few hundred years in peat cores from three UK blanket bog sites under rotational grouse moor burn management. High resolution (0.5 cm) peat core analysis included dating based on spheroidal carbonaceous particles, determining fire frequency based on macro‐charcoal counts and assessing peat properties such as carbon content and bulk density. All sites showed considerable net carbon accumulation during active grouse moor management periods. Averaged over the three sites, burns were more frequent, and carbon accumulation rates were also higher, over the period since 1950 than in the period 1700–1950. Carbon accumulation rates during the periods 1950–2015 and 1700–1850 were greater on the most frequently burnt site, which was linked to bulk density and carbon accumulation rates showing a positive relationship with charcoal abundance. Charcoal input from burning was identified as a potentially crucial component in explaining reported differences in burning impacts on peat carbon accumulation, as assessed by carbon fluxes or stocks. Both direct and indirect charcoal impacts on decomposition processes are discussed to be important factors, namely charcoal production converting otherwise decomposable carbon into an inert carbon pool, increasing peat bulk density, altering peat moisture and possibly negative impacts on soil microbial activity. This study highlights the value of peat core records in understanding management impacts on peat accumulation and carbon storage in peatlands.
Base‐Mediated N‐Arylation for the Synthesis of 9H‐Pyrrolo[1,2‐a]indol‐9‐ones and 10H‐Indolo[1,2‐a]indol‐10‐ones
Authors: Xu Hongjin , Sun Li , Song Chuanjun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTreatment of 2‐bromoaryl pyrrole/indol‐2‐yl ketones with cesium carbonate in DMF resulted in the formation of 9H‐pyrrolo[1,2‐a]indol‐9‐ones and 10H‐indolo[1,2‐a]indol‐10‐ones in moderate to excellent isolated yields.
The increase of rainfall erosivity and initial soil erosion processes due to rainfall acidification
Authors: Kavian Ataollah , Alipour Aazam , Soleimani Karim , Gholami Leila , Smith Pete , Rodrigo‐Comino Jesús 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe drastic growth of population in highly industrialized urban areas, as well as fossil fuel use, is increasing levels of airborne pollutants and enhancing acid rain. In rapidly developing countries such as Iran, the occurrence of acid rain has also increased. Acid rain is a driving factor of erosion due to the destructive effects on biota and aggregate stability; however, little is known about its impact on specific rates of erosion at the pedon scale. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of acid rain at pH levels of 5.25, 4.25, and 3.75 for rainfall intensities of 40, 60, and 80 mm h−1 on initial soil erosion processes under dry and saturated soil conditions using rainfall simulations. The results were compared using a two‐way ANOVA and Duncan tests and showed that initial soil erosion rates with acidic rain and non‐acidic rain under dry soil conditions were significantly different. The highest levels of soil particle loss due to splash effects in all rainfall intensities were observed with the most acidic rain (pH = 3.75), reaching maximum values of 16 g m−2 min−1. The lowest levels of particle losses were observed in the control plot where non‐acidic rain was used, with values ranging from 3.8 to 8.1 g m−2 min−1. Similarly, under saturated soil conditions, the lowest level of soil particle loss was observed in the control plot, and the highest peaks of soil loss were observed for the most acidic rains (pH = 3.75 and pH = 4.25), reaching maximum average values of 40 g m−2 min−1. However, for saturated soils with acidic water but with non‐acidic rain, the highest soil particle loss was observed for the control plot for all the rainfall intensities. In conclusion, acidic rain has a negative impact on soils, which can be more intense with a concomitant increase in rainfall intensity. Rapid solutions, therefore, need to be found to reduce the emission of pollutants into the air, otherwise, rainfall erosivity may drastically increase.
Effects of subsurface soil characteristics on wetland–groundwater interaction in the coastal plain of the Chesapeake Bay watershed
Authors: Lee Sanghcul , McCarty Gregory W. , Moglen Glenn E. , Lang Megan W. , Sadeghi Ali M. , Green Timothy R. , Yeo In‐Young , Rabenhorst Martin C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEcosystem services provided by depressional wetlands on the coastal plain of the Chesapeake Bay watershed (CBW) have been widely recognized and studied. However, wetland–groundwater interactions remain largely unknown in the CBW. The objective of this study was to examine the vertical interactions of depressional wetlands and groundwater with respect to different subsurface soil characteristics. This study examined two depressional wetlands with a low‐permeability and high‐permeability soil layer on the coastal plain of the CBW. The surface water level (SWL) and groundwater level (GWL) were monitored over 1 year from a well and piezometer at each site, respectively, and those data were used to examine the impacts of subsurface soil characteristics on wetland–groundwater interactions. A large difference between the SWL and GWL was observed at the wetland with a low‐permeability soil layer, although there was strong similarity between the SWL and GWL at the wetland with a high‐permeability soil layer. Our observations also identified a strong vertical hydraulic gradient between the SWL and GWL at the wetland with a high‐permeability soil layer relative to one with a low‐permeability soil layer. The hydroperiod (i.e., the total time of surface water inundation or saturation) of the wetland with a low‐permeability soil layer appeared to rely on groundwater less than the wetland with a high‐permeability soil layer. The findings showed that vertical wetland–groundwater interactions varied with subsurface soil characteristics on the coastal plain of the CBW. Therefore, subsurface soil characteristics should be carefully considered to anticipate the hydrologic behavior of wetlands in this region.
Sensitivity analysis of hydraulic conductivity and Manning's n parameters lead to new method to scale effective hydraulic conductivity across model resolutions
Authors: M. Foster Lauren , M. Maxwell Reed 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHydrological modelling is an important tool for research, policy, and management, but uncertainty remains about parameters transferability from field observations made at small scale to models at the catchment scale and larger. This uncertainty compels the need to develop parameter relationships that are translatable across scale. In this study, we compare the changes to modelled processes as resolution is coarsened from 100‐m to 1‐km in a topographically complex, 255‐km2 Colorado River headwater catchment. We conducted a sensitivity analysis for hydraulic conductivity (K) and Manning's n parameters across four orders of magnitude. Results showed that K acts as a moderator between surface and subsurface contributions to streamflow, whereas n moderates the duration of high intensity, infiltration‐excess flow. The parametric sensitivity analysis informed development of a new method to scale effective hydraulic conductivity across modelling resolutions in order to compensate for the loss of topographic gradients as resolution is coarsened. A similar mathematical relationship between n and lateral resolution changes was not found, possibly because n is also sensitive to time discretization. This research provides an approach to translate hydraulic conductivity parameters from a calibrated coarse model to higher resolutions where the number of simulations are limited by computational demand.