bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machinic Assemblages of Publicness
Authors: Buser Michael 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis article discusses the concept of publicness through the lens of Deleuze and Guattari’s machinic thinking. Centring on the case of the Bearpit, a roundabout and public space in the city of Bristol (UK), I examine recent shifts and transformations in public culture and narrate the ways in which relatively small interventions facilitate new connections and organize public assemblages. The article makes four main contributions. First, it develops an approach to the study of publicness that highlights the interactions of machinic assemblages of material and immaterial component parts. Second, it suggests that specific forms of publicness are mediated by bright objects which stitch together and organize ecologies of connected machines. Third, it outlines publicness as a dynamic, plastic social form. Finally, it argues that the struggles for a compassionate public culture in the Bearpit are not necessarily set on a fixed trajectory toward co‐optation or a return to revanchism, but rather are part of an incessant process of unfolding and becoming public where the concerns and contestations of publicness are made visible.
Urban Vigilantism: A Study of Anti‐Terror Law, Politics and Policing in Istanbul
Authors: Yonucu Deniz 
Published: March 2018

AbstractFocusing on the case of young socialist vigilantes who were arrested and imprisoned as ‘terrorists’ in 2007, this article illustrates how vigilantism in working‐class neighbourhoods of Istanbul with a high Alevi population evolved from an unarmed, public and participatory form of vigilantism to an armed one, and discusses the role of the anti‐terror law in this transformation. The article illustrates the ways in which the anti‐terror law, by narrowing the space for civil politics, paved the way for youth engagement in violent forms of extra‐legal security practice in spaces occupied by the historically stigmatized working‐class Alevi population. The article also argues that, over the last decade, Turkey’s ruling elites have used the anti‐terror law to wage a war against the oppositional politics conducted by the country’s historically stigmatized populations (such as Kurds and Alevis). Not only has this war put politically active and respected local figures from these communities behind bars, it also ‘polices’(à la Rancière) these communities. Accordingly, the article illustrates how the law that considers attempts at self‐governance as a threat to state sovereignty effectively intervenes in local politics and space, leading to the reconfiguration of political space at the local level.
Shareholder Activism in REITs
Authors: Downs David H. , Straska Miroslava , Waller H. Gregory 
Published: March 2018

AbstractConventional wisdom suggests that shareholder activism in REITs is less prevalent than in other (non‐REIT) public firms because of stronger barriers to hostile takeovers and potentially less undervaluation. Our results, however, suggest that the conventional wisdom does not hold. Specifically, we find that in 2006–2015, Equity REITs (EREITs) are as likely to be targeted by shareholder activists as non‐EREITs. We also find that shareholder campaign characteristics and determinants, as well as their value consequences, appear similar for EREITs and non‐EREITs. Given that this is the first study to examine shareholder activism in REITs, we raise several questions for future research.
Glutathione suppresses lipid oxidation of Clanis bilineata larvae meat during frozen storage
Authors: Wu Shengjun 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe lipids of Clanis bilineata larvae meat (CBLM) are susceptible to oxidation, and thus the commercial and consumption values of CBLM decrease during frozen storage. In the present study, peroxide values (PV), thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS), free fatty acid (FFA) content, fatty acid composition, and likeness (palatability) score of CBLM were determined to investigate the effect of glutathione on the oxidation of CBLM lipids. Glutathione decreased the PV, TBARS, and FFA content, maintained fatty acid composition, and increased the likeness (palatability) score of the CBLM, indicating that glutathione can be used as a cryoprotectant to extend the shelf life of CBLM.
Browning Index of Anthocyanin‐Rich Fruit Juice Depends on pH and Anthocyanin Loss More Than the Gain of Soluble Polymeric Pigments
Authors: Dorris Matthew R. , Voss Danielle M. , Bollom Mark A. , Krawiec‐Thayer Mitchell P. , Bolling Bradley W. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBrowning index (BI, ABS520 nm/ABS420 nm) is a measure of anthocyanin‐rich fruit juice pigmentation quality. This study sought to determine the extent to which BI describes anthocyanin quality and degradation in fruit juices. Commercial fruit juices were assayed for monomeric anthocyanin (MA) content, percent polymeric color (%PC), pH, and BI. BI varied, 0.29 to 1.72, among cranberry, cherry, grape, aronia, and pomegranate juices. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that BI was strongly inversely associated with %PC, and positively correlated with MAs to a lesser extent. The BI of grape and cherry juices varied linearly with pH from 2.0 to 4.0 in pH‐adjusted juices. Cherry and grape juices at pH approximately 2.0 to 4.0 were incubated at 50 °C to induce juice browning. BI and MA decreased, and %PC increased, but the amount of MA degradation was not explained by %PC. In the aged juices, BI and MA were strongly correlated using PCA. In aged grape juice, chromatographic analysis was used characterize anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, and anthocyanin scission products. Anthocyanin loss and a gain of unresolved components absorbing at 420 nm decreased BI. Proanthocyanidins and co‐eluting pigments with varying BI decreased during aging. Scission products did not account for anthocyanin loss. Thus, MA loss more so than the gain in pigments associated with juice proanthocyanidins contribute to the increase in %PC and decline of the BI during accelerated aging of grape juice. Thus, BI is a useful marker of fruit juice quality within juices of the same pH and anthocyanin composition.Practical ApplicationFruit juice pigmentation depends on anthocyanins, pH, and other matrix components. Spectrophotometric methods to determine pigmentation include the browning index (ABS520 nm/ABS420 nm), pH differential method for monomeric anthocyanin (MA) content, and bisulfite bleaching to determine percent polymeric color (%PC). In this study, anthocyanin‐rich fruit juice browning index was strongly dependent on pH and MA content. MA loss, and to a lesser extent, a gain in newly‐formed pigments at 420 nm contributed to the browning index change during aging. Therefore, browning index is strongly associated with MA content and is useful for assessing fruit juice quality.
IL‐37 inhibits invasion and metastasis in non‐small cell lung cancer by suppressing the IL‐6/STAT3 signaling pathway
Authors: Jiang Mingfang , Wang Ye , Zhang Hua , Ji Youxin , Zhao Peng , Sun Rongli , Zhang Chunling 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundIL‐37 has been identified as a fundamental inhibitor of inflammatory and immunity responses. It plays a crucial protective role in several cancers, but its anti‐tumor activity and the potential regulatory mechanism of IL‐37 in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is largely unclear.MethodsEnzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect plasma IL‐37 expression in NSCLC patients and healthy controls. The NSCLC cell line A549 was cultured with recombinant human IL‐37 or recombinant human IL‐6 protein. A549 invasion and metastasis were detected using Transwell invasion and scratch wound healing assays, respectively. Protein expression of STAT3, pSTAT3, E‐cadherin, vimentin, and N‐cadherin were detected using Western blotting, and messenger RNA expression of STAT3, E‐cadherin, vimentin, and N‐cadherin was assessed in each group using real time PCR.ResultsIL‐37 plasma expression was decreased in NSCLC patients, and the downregulation of IL‐37 was correlated with tumor stage. In vitro, IL‐37 inhibited invasion and migration in A549 cells, while IL‐6 promoted invasion and migration in A549 cells. pSTAT3, vimentin, and N‐cadherin expression was increased. E‐cadherin expression was lower in the IL‐6 group than in the control group; however, the opposite pattern was observed in the IL‐37 + IL‐6 group.ConclusionOur results showed that IL‐37 plays an inhibitory role in NSCLC progression, possibly by suppressing STAT3 activation and decreasing epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition by inhibiting IL‐6 expression. IL‐37 could serve as a potential novel tumor suppressor in NSCLC.
Effect of goal‐directed haemodynamic therapy in free flap reconstruction for head and neck cancer
Authors: Kim H. J. , Kim E. J. , Lee H. J. , Min J. Y. , Kim T. W. , Choi E. C. , Kim W. S. , Koo B.‐N. 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundIn free flap reconstruction for head and neck cancer, achieving a haemodynamic target using excessive fluid infusion is associated with decreased flap survival rates and extended hospital stays. We hypothesized that goal‐directed haemodynamic therapy would improve flap survival rates and shorten hospitalization periods.MethodsPatients scheduled for free flap reconstruction were randomly assigned to a goal‐directed haemodynamic therapy group (n = 31) or a conventional haemodynamic therapy control group (n = 31). The control group received extra bolus fluid and ephedrine or norepinephrine to maintain a mean arterial pressure ≥ 65 mmHg. The goal‐directed haemodynamic therapy group received a colloid solution as the extra bolus fluid to maintain a stroke volume variation < 12%; dobutamine, ephedrine, or norepinephrine was administered to maintain a cardiac index ≥ 2.5 l/min/m2 and mean arterial pressure ≥ 65 mmHg. Enhanced recovery after surgery protocols were not used except for fluid therapy. An otolaryngologist blinded to group assignments assessed flap outcomes and classified them as ‘survival,’ ‘at risk’ or ‘failure.’ResultsThe hospitalization period was not significantly different between the groups. The goal‐directed haemodynamic therapy group had significantly shorter intensive care unit stays and a higher flap survival rate. The crystalloid volume was significantly lower in goal‐directed haemodynamic therapy group. Reoperation rates, post‐operative complications, and laboratory data including inflammatory markers were similar between the groups.ConclusionCompared to conventional haemodynamic therapy, goal‐directed haemodynamic therapy does not reduce hospitalization periods; it may, however, reduce the length of intensive care unit stays and increase flap survival rates. Further studies including multi‐centre trials with larger sample sizes are warranted.
Global remodeling of the mouse DNA methylome during aging and in response to calorie restriction
Authors: Sziráki András , Tyshkovskiy Alexander , Gladyshev Vadim N. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryAging is characterized by numerous molecular changes, such as accumulation of molecular damage and altered gene expression, many of which are linked to DNA methylation. Here, we characterize the blood DNA methylome across 16 age groups of mice and report numerous global, region‐ and site‐specific features, as well as the associated dynamics of methylation changes. Transition of the methylome throughout lifespan was not uniform, with many sites showing accelerated changes in late life. The associated genes and promoters were enriched for aging‐related pathways, pointing to a fundamental link between DNA methylation and control of the aging process. Calorie restriction both shifted the overall methylation pattern and was accompanied by its gradual age‐related remodeling, the latter contributing to the lifespan‐extending effect. With age, both highly and poorly methylated sites trended toward intermediate levels, and aging was accompanied by an accelerated increase in entropy, consistent with damage accumulation. However, the entropy effects differed for the sites that increased, decreased and did not change methylation with age. Many sites trailed behind, whereas some followed or even exceeded the entropy trajectory and altered the developmental DNA methylation pattern. The patterns we observed in certain genomic regions were conserved between humans and mice, suggesting common principles of functional DNA methylome remodeling and its critical role in aging. The highly resolved DNA methylome remodeling provides an excellent model for understanding systemic changes that characterize the aging process.
Increasing autophagy and blocking Nrf2 suppress laminopathy‐induced age‐dependent cardiac dysfunction and shortened lifespan
Authors: Bhide Shruti , Trujillo Adriana S. , O'Connor Maureen T. , Young Grant H. , Cryderman Diane E. , Chandran Sahaana , Nikravesh Mastaneh , Wallrath Lori L. , Melkani Girish C. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryMutations in the human LMNA gene cause a collection of diseases known as laminopathies. These include myocardial diseases that exhibit age‐dependent penetrance of dysrhythmias and heart failure. The LMNA gene encodes A‐type lamins, intermediate filaments that support nuclear structure and organize the genome. Mechanisms by which mutant lamins cause age‐dependent heart defects are not well understood. To address this issue, we modeled human disease‐causing mutations in the Drosophila melanogaster Lamin C gene and expressed mutant Lamin C exclusively in the heart. This resulted in progressive cardiac dysfunction, loss of adipose tissue homeostasis, and a shortened adult lifespan. Within cardiac cells, mutant Lamin C aggregated in the cytoplasm, the CncC(Nrf2)/Keap1 redox sensing pathway was activated, mitochondria exhibited abnormal morphology, and the autophagy cargo receptor Ref2(P)/p62 was upregulated. Genetic analyses demonstrated that simultaneous over‐expression of the autophagy kinase Atg1 gene and an RNAi against CncC eliminated the cytoplasmic protein aggregates, restored cardiac function, and lengthened lifespan. These data suggest that simultaneously increasing rates of autophagy and blocking the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway are a potential therapeutic strategy for cardiac laminopathies.
A High‐yield Fall Risk and Adverse Events Screening Questions From the Stopping Elderly Accidents, Death, and Injuries (STEADI) Guideline for Older Emergency Department Fall Patients
Authors: Sri‐on Jiraporn , Tirrell Gregory Philip , Kamsom Anucha , Marill Keith A. , Shankar Kalpana Narayan , Liu Shan W. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe objectives were to examine whether responses to the Stopping Elderly Accidents, Death, and Injuries (STEADI) questions responses predicted adverse events after an older adult emergency department (ED) fall visits and to identify factors associated with such recurrent fall.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study at two urban, teaching hospitals. We included patients aged ≥ 65 years who presented to the ED for an accidental fall. Data were gathered for fall‐relevant comorbidities, high‐risk medications for falls, and the responses to 12 questions from the STEADI guideline recommendation. Our outcomes were the number of 6‐month adverse events that were defined as mortality, ED revisit, subsequent hospitalization, recurrent falls, and a composite outcome.ResultsThere were 548 (86.3%) patients who completed follow‐up and 243 (44.3%) patients experienced an adverse event after a fall within 6 months. In multivariate analysis, seven questions from the STEADI guideline predicted various outcomes. The question “Had previous fall” predicted recurrent falls (odds ratio [OR] = 2.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.52 to 3.97), the question “Feels unsteady when walking sometimes” (OR = 2.34, 95% CI = 1.44 to 3.81), and “Lost some feeling in their feet” predicted recurrent falls. In addition to recurrent falls risk, the supplemental questions “Use or have been advised to use a cane or walker,” “Take medication that sometimes makes them feel light‐headed or more tired than usual,” “Take medication to help sleep or improve mood,” and “Have to rush to a toilet” predicted other outcomes.ConclusionA STEADI score of ≥4 did not predict adverse outcomes although seven individual questions from the STEADI guidelines were associated with increased adverse outcomes within 6 months. These may be organized into three categories (previous falls, physical activity, and high‐risk medications) and may assist emergency physicians to evaluate and refer high‐risk fall patients for a comprehensive falls evaluation.
Outcomes of Patients With Syncope and Suspected Dementia
Authors: Holden Timothy R. , Shah Manish N. , Gibson Tommy A. , Weiss Robert E. , Yagapen Annick N. , Malveau Susan E. , Adler David H. , Bastani Aveh , Baugh Christopher W. , Caterino Jeffrey M. , Clark Carol L. , Diercks Deborah B. , Hollander Judd E. , Nicks Bret A. , Nishijima Daniel K. , Stiffler Kirk A. , Storrow Alan B. , Wilber Scott T. , Sun Benjamin C. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectivesSyncope and near‐syncope are common in patients with dementia and a leading cause of emergency department (ED) evaluation and subsequent hospitalization. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical trajectory and short‐term outcomes of patients who presented to the ED with syncope or near‐syncope and were assessed by their ED provider to have dementia.MethodsThis multisite prospective cohort study included patients 60 years of age or older who presented to the ED with syncope or near‐syncope between 2013 and 2016. We analyzed a subcohort of 279 patients who were identified by the treating ED provider to have baseline dementia. We collected comprehensive patient‐level, utilization, and outcomes data through interviews, provider surveys, and chart abstraction. Outcome measures included serious conditions related to syncope and death.ResultsOverall, 221 patients (79%) were hospitalized with a median length of stay of 2.1 days. A total of 46 patients (16%) were diagnosed with a serious condition in the ED. Of the 179 hospitalized patients who did not have a serious condition identified in the ED, 14 (7.8%) were subsequently diagnosed with a serious condition during the hospitalization, and an additional 12 patients (6.7%) were diagnosed postdischarge within 30 days of the index ED visit. There were seven deaths (2.5%) overall, none of which were cardiac‐related. No patients who were discharged from the ED died or had a serious condition in the subsequent 30 days.ConclusionsPatients with perceived dementia who presented to the ED with syncope or near‐syncope were frequently hospitalized. The diagnosis of a serious condition was uncommon if not identified during the initial ED assessment. Given the known iatrogenic risks of hospitalization for patients with dementia, future investigation of the impact of goals of care discussions on reducing potentially preventable, futile, or unwanted hospitalizations while improving goal‐concordant care is warranted.
Drink Less Enjoy More: effects of a multi‐component intervention on improving adherence to, and knowledge of, alcohol legislation in a UK nightlife setting
Authors: Quigg Zara , Hughes Karen , Butler Nadia , Ford Kat , Canning Ian , Bellis Mark A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimsTo estimate the association between implementation of a community‐based multi‐component intervention (Drink Less Enjoy More) and sales of alcohol to pseudo‐intoxicated patrons and nightlife patron awareness of associated legislation.DesignCross‐sectional pre‐intervention and follow‐up measurements, including alcohol test purchases (using pseudo‐intoxicated patrons) in licensed premises (stratified random sample; 2013, 2015) and a survey with nightlife patrons (convenience sample; 2014, 2015).SettingOne UK municipality with a large night‐time economy.ParticipantsLicensed premises (pre = 73; follow‐up = 100); nightlife patrons (pre = 214; follow‐up = 202).InterventionThe Drink Less Enjoy More intervention included three interacting components: community mobilization and awareness‐raising; responsible bar server training; and active law enforcement of existing legislation prohibiting sales of alcohol to, and purchasing of alcohol for, a person who appears to be alcohol intoxicated: ‘intoxicated’, herein for economy.MeasurementsThe primary outcomes were alcohol service refusal to pseudo‐intoxicated patrons and nightlife patron knowledge of alcohol legislation (illegal to sell alcohol to, and purchase alcohol for, intoxicated people), adjusted for potential confounders including characteristics of the area, venue, test purchase and nightlife patron.FindingsPre‐intervention, 16.4% of alcohol sales were refused, compared with 74.0% at follow‐up (P < 0.001). In adjusted analyses, the odds of service refusal were higher at follow‐up [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 14.63, P < 0.001]. Service refusal was also associated with server gender and patron drunkenness within the venue. Among drinkers, accurate awareness of alcohol legislation was higher at follow‐up (sales: pre = 44.5%; follow‐up = 66.0%; P < 0.001/purchase: pre = 32.5%; follow‐up = 56.0%; P < 0.001). In adjusted analyses, knowledge of legislation was higher at follow‐up (sales: aOR = 2.73, P < 0.001; purchasing: aOR = 2.73, P < 0.001). Knowledge of legislation was also associated with participant age (purchasing) and expectations of intoxication (sales).ConclusionA community‐based multi‐component intervention concerning alcohol sales legislation in the United Kingdom (UK) was associated with a reduction in sales of alcohol to pseudo‐intoxicated patrons in on‐licensed premises in a UK nightlife setting and an improvement in nightlife patron awareness of associated legislation.
Issue Voting as a Constrained Choice Problem
Authors: Moral Mert , Zhirnov Andrei 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPrevalent models of issue voting view vote choice as a choice among party policies. Choice sets are implicitly assumed to be the same for all voters, and their composition is left to researchers' discretion. This article aims to relax such assumptions by presenting a model with a varying probability of inclusion in the choice set. We apply the “constrained choice conditional logistic regression” to survey data from the 1989 parliamentary election in Norway to examine the effects of party identification of voters and electoral viability and policy extremity of parties on individual voters' choice set compositions. Further, we look into the effect of parties' policy positions on their electoral fates under alternative assumptions about the composition of voters' choice sets. We find that voters' choice set composition conditions both the effects of their policy considerations on vote choice and those of parties' policy offerings on their electoral fates.
Partisan Elites as Culprits? How Party Cues Shape Partisan Perceptual Gaps
Authors: Bisgaard Martin , Slothuus Rune 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPartisanship often colors how citizens perceive real‐world conditions. For example, an oft‐documented finding is that citizens tend to view the state of the national economy more positively if their party holds office. These partisan perceptual gaps are usually taken as a result of citizens' own motivated reasoning to defend their party identity. However, little is known about the extent to which perceptual gaps are shaped by one of the most important forces in politics: partisan elites. With two studies focusing on perceptions of the economy—a quasi‐experimental panel study and a randomized experiment—we show how partisan perceptual differences are substantially affected by messages coming from party elites. These findings imply that partisan elites are more influential on, and more responsible for, partisan perceptual differences than previous studies have revealed.