bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Galactography with Tomosynthesis Technique (Galactomosynthesis) – Renaissance of a Method?
Authors: Schulz-Wendtland Rüdiger , Preuss Caroline , Fasching Peter , Loehberg Christian , Lux Michael , Emons Julius , Beckmann Matthias , Uder Michael , Mueller-Schimpfle Markus 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Introduction For decades, conventional galactography was the only imaging technique capable of showing the mammary ducts. Today, diagnosis is based on a multimodal concept which combines high-resolution ultrasound with magnetic resonance (MR) mammography and ductoscopy/galactoscopy and has a sensitivity and specificity of up to 95%. This study used tomosynthesis in galactography for the first time and compared the synthetic digital 2D full-field mammograms generated with this technique with the images created using the established method of ductal sonography. Both methods should be able to detect invasive breast cancers and their precursors such as ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) as well as being able to identify benign findings.
Material and Methods Five patients with pathological nipple discharge were examined using ductal sonography, contrast-enhanced 3D galactography with tomosynthesis and the synthetic digital 2D full-field mammograms generated with the latter method. Evaluation of the images created with the different imaging modalities was done by three investigators with varying levels of experience with complementary breast diagnostics (1, 5 and 15 years), and their evaluations were compared with the histological findings.
Results All 3 investigators independently evaluated the images created with ductal sonography, contrast-enhanced 3D galactography with tomosynthesis, and generated synthetic digital 2D full-field mammograms. Their evaluations were compared with the histopathological assessment of the surgical specimens resected from the 5 patients. There was 1 case of invasive breast cancer, 2 cases with ductal carcinoma in situ and 2 cases with benign findings. All 3 investigators made more mistakes when they used the standard imaging technique of ductal sonography to diagnose suspicious lesions than when they used contrast-enhanced galactography with tomosynthesis and the generated synthetic digital 2D full-field mammograms.
Conclusion This is the first time breast tomosynthesis was used in galactography (galactomosynthesis) to create digital 3-dimensional images of suspicious findings. When used together with the generated synthetic digital 2D full-field mammograms, it could be a useful complementary procedure for the diagnosis of breast anomalies and could herald a renaissance of this method. Compared with high-resolution ductal ultrasound, the investigators achieved better results with contrast-enhanced galactography using tomosynthesis and the generated synthetic digital 2D full-field mammograms, as confirmed by histopathological findings.
Einsatz und Nutzen funktioneller Parameter als Endpunkte in klinischen Ernährungsstudien
Authors: Haß Ulrike , Schwejda-Güttes Susann , Kuhn Katharina , Markant Anja 
Published: June 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Eine ausreichende Muskelkraft und -funktion stellt eine Grundvoraussetzung für die Teilhabe am alltäglichen Leben und der damit verbundenen Autonomie des Patienten dar. Der diagnostische und prognostische Einsatz funktioneller Parameter zur Einschätzung von Muskelkraft und -funktion gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung. Hinsichtlich des Nutzens dieser Parameter als Endpunkte in klinischen Ernährungsstudien besteht allerdings noch Klärungsbedarf.
Material und Methoden Es wurde eine umfangreiche Literaturrecherche zur Extraktion und Evaluierung etablierter funktioneller Parameter in der medizinischen Literaturdatenbank Pubmed ausgeführt. Die folgenden, häufig in Ernährungsstudien angewendeten, 8 Parameter wurden detailliert aufgearbeitet und miteinander verglichen: Handgreifkraft, knee extension peak torque, Six-Minute-Walk Test (6MWT), Timed-Up-and-Go (TUG), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Physical Performance Test (PPT), Akzelerometrie und Barthel-Index.
Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerung Die Anwendung der funktionellen Parameter hat sich insbesondere in geriatrischen Ernährungsstudien bewährt. Hier zeigten sich neben der Handgreifkraft, dem SPPB und TUG auch das knee extension peak torque, der 6MWT sowie der Barthel-Index als geeignete funktionelle Endpunkte. Lediglich der PPT zeigte keine nennenswerten Vorteile gegenüber den in dieser Arbeit evaluierten funktionellen Parametern. Außerhalb der geriatrischen Population könnte die Akzelerometrie in der Onkologie als funktioneller Endpunkt in klinischen Ernährungsstudien herangezogen werden. Innerhalb der Intensivmedizin stellt die Nutzung funktioneller Parameter hinsichtlich der erforderlichen willkürlichen Muskelkraft derzeit noch eine Herausforderung dar.
Computed Tomography Findings of Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis in a Dog
Authors: Maddox Thomas , Meiring Thelma , Wustefeld-Janssens Brandan , Comerford Eithne , Dempsey Lara 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a rare benign and usually monoarticular neoplastic lesion arising from the synovium, bursae and tendon sheaths in humans, horses and dogs. Categorization for PVNS in humans includes localized and diffuse forms of PVNS and tenosynovial giant cell tumour (TGCT), although histologically they are the same. The localized form is characterized by discrete nodular lesions, the diffuse form is often intra-articular, infiltrative, affecting the entire synovium with more aggressive behaviour and TGCT occurs along tendon sheaths. Computed tomography (CT) of PVNS is well described in humans but not documented in the veterinary literature. Pigmented villonodular synovitis is not a straightforward diagnosis and CT is useful to further characterize radiographic findings. A representative open surgical biopsy of the synovium is essential to obtaining the diagnosis and ruling out malignancy. Currently, there are no guidelines for the diagnosis of PVNS in dogs or long-term follow-up of these cases. This case report describes the presentation, diagnostic findings, treatment and long-term outcome of a 4-year-old male Labrador Retriever with confirmed PVNS. Clinical outcome was considered fair with the dog's lameness and symptoms remaining stable with medical management 3 years following the initial diagnosis.
Risk Scores for Occult Cancer in Patients with Venous Thromboembolism: A Post Hoc Analysis of the Hokusai-VTE Study
Authors: Kraaijpoel Noémie , van Es Nick , Raskob Gary , Büller Harry , Carrier Marc , Zhang George , Lin Min , Grosso Michael , Di Nisio Marcello 
Published: June 2018

AbstractVenous thromboembolism (VTE) may be the first sign of an undiagnosed cancer. In patients with unprovoked VTE, the risk is approximately 5% in the year following VTE diagnosis. Cancer-specific screening is therefore often considered in these patients, but the optimal screening strategy remains controversial. Recently, two risk classification scores have been proposed that may help in identifying patients at high risk of occult cancer in whom extensive screening may be warranted. In the present post hoc analysis of the Hokusai-VTE study, we evaluated the performance of the Registro Informatizado de Pacientes con Enfermedad TromboEmbólica (RIETE) and Screening for Occult Malignancy in Patients with Idiopathic Venous Thromboembolism (SOME) scores for occult cancer in patients with acute VTE. A total of 8,032 patients were included in the analysis of whom 218 (2.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.4–3.1) developed cancer between 30-day and 12-month follow-up. The c-statistics of the RIETE and SOME scores were 0.62 (95% CI, 0.57–0.66) and 0.59 (95% CI, 0.55–0.62), respectively. In patients classified as ‘high risk’, the cumulative incidence of cancer diagnosis during follow-up was 2.9% (95% CI, 2.1–3.9) for the RIETE score and 2.7% (95% CI, 1.9–3.7) for the SOME score, corresponding to hazard ratios of 1.8 (95% CI, 1.3–2.5) and 1.5 (95% CI, 1.04–2.2), respectively. In conclusion, the performance of both scores was poor. When used dichotomously, the scores were able to identify a group of patients with a significantly higher risk of occult cancer, although it remains unknown whether this translates into improved clinical important outcomes.
Development and Validation of a Practical Two-Step Prediction Model and Clinical Risk Score for Post-Thrombotic Syndrome
Authors: Amin Elham , van Kuijk Sander , Joore Manuela , Prandoni Paolo , ten Cate Hugo , ten Cate-Hoek Arina 
Published: June 2018

Background Post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) is a common chronic consequence of deep vein thrombosis that affects the quality of life and is associated with substantial costs. In clinical practice, it is not possible to predict the individual patient risk. We develop and validate a practical two-step prediction tool for PTS in the acute and sub-acute phase of deep vein thrombosis.
Methods Multivariable regression modelling with data from two prospective cohorts in which 479 (derivation) and 1,107 (validation) consecutive patients with objectively confirmed deep vein thrombosis of the leg, from thrombosis outpatient clinic of Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands (derivation) and Padua University hospital in Italy (validation), were included. PTS was defined as a Villalta score of ≥ 5 at least 6 months after acute thrombosis.
Results Variables in the baseline model in the acute phase were: age, body mass index, sex, varicose veins, history of venous thrombosis, smoking status, provoked thrombosis and thrombus location. For the secondary model, the additional variable was residual vein obstruction. Optimism-corrected area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) were 0.71 for the baseline model and 0.60 for the secondary model. Calibration plots showed well-calibrated predictions. External validation of the derived clinical risk scores was successful: AUC, 0.66 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.63–0.70) and 0.64 (95% CI, 0.60–0.69).
Conclusion Individual risk for PTS in the acute phase of deep vein thrombosis can be predicted based on readily accessible baseline clinical and demographic characteristics. The individual risk in the sub-acute phase can be predicted with limited additional clinical characteristics.
Cyanidin-3-o-β-Glucoside Induces Megakaryocyte Apoptosis via PI3K/Akt- and MAPKs-Mediated Inhibition of NF-κB Signalling
Authors: Ya Fuli , Li Qing , Wang Dongliang , Xie Shuangfeng , Song Fenglin , Gallant Reid , Tian Zezhong , Wan Jianbo , Ling Wenhua , Yang Yan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractApoptotic-like phase is an essential step in thrombopoiesis from megakaryocytes. Anthocyanins are natural flavonoid pigments that possess a wide range of biological activities, including protection against cardiovascular diseases and induction of tumour cell apoptosis. We investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of cyanidin-3-o-β-glucoside (Cy-3-g, the major bioactive compound in anthocyanins) on the apoptosis of human primary megakaryocytes and Meg-01 cell line in vitro. We found that Cy-3-g dose-dependently increased the dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential, caspase-9 and caspase-3 activity in megakaryocytes from patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia but not in those from healthy volunteers. In Meg-01 cells, Cy-3-g regulated the distribution of Bak, Bax and Bcl-xL proteins in the mitochondria and cytosol, subsequently increasing cytochrome c release and stimulating caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation and phosphatidylserine exposure. However, Cy-3-g did not exert significant effects on factor-associated suicide (Fas), Fas ligand, caspase-8 or Bid expression. Cy-3-g inhibited nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 activation by down-regulating inhibitor of NF-κB kinase (IKK)α and IKKβ expression, followed by the inhibition of inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB)α phosphorylation and degradation and subsequent inhibition of the translocation of the p65 sub-unit into the nucleus, and finally stimulating caspase-3 activation and phosphatidylserine exposure. The inhibitory effect of Cy-3-g on NF-κB activation was mediated by the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (Erk1/2) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and the inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signalling. U0126 (Erk1/2 inhibitor), SB203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor) and 740 Y-P (PI3K agonist) significantly reversed Cy-3-g-reduced phosphorylation of p65. Taken together, our data indicate that Cy-3-g induces megakaryocyte apoptosis via the inhibition of NF-κB signalling, which may play important roles in regulating thrombopoiesis.
Inhibitor Formation in Congenital Hemophilia A: an Immunological Perspective
Authors: Delignat Sandrine , Rayes Julie , Russick Jules , Kaveri Srinivas , Lacroix-Desmazes Sebastien ,   The ABIRISK consortium
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe immunogenicity of therapeutic factor VIII (FVIII) in patients with hemophilia A has been puzzling scientific and clinical communities for more than 3 decades. Indeed, the development of inhibitory antibodies to FVIII remains a major clinical challenge and is associated with enormous societal costs. Thus, the reasons for which a presumably innocuous, short-lived, intravenously administered glycoprotein triggers such a deleterious, long-lasting neutralizing immune response is an enigma. This review does not pretend to bring an answer to this challenging question. It will however summarize the latest findings regarding the molecular interactions at play in the recognition of FVIII by the immune cells, the validity of the proposed risk factors for FVIII alloimmunization, and the different solutions that allow induction of FVIII-specific tolerance in preclinical models of hemophilia A.
Targeting the potent Beclin 1–UVRAG coiled-coil interaction with designed peptides enhances autophagy and endolysosomal trafficking
Authors: Wu Shuai , He Yunjiao , Qiu Xianxiu , Yang Wenchao , Liu Wenchao , Li Xiaohua , Li Yan , Shen Han-Ming , Wang Renxiao , Yue Zhenyu , Zhao Yanxiang 
Published: June 2018

Significance
Beclin 1 is an essential autophagy protein. Through its coiled-coil domain, Beclin 1 recruits two modulators, Atg14L and UVRAG, to form Atg14L- or UVRAG-containing Beclin 1–Vps34 subcomplexes responsible for Vps34-dependent membrane trafficking processes including autophagy and endosomal trafficking. Our structural study of the Beclin 1–UVRAG coiled-coil complex reveals a strengthened interface to maintain potent Beclin 1–UVRAG interaction. This potency is essential for UVRAG to outcompete Atg14L and enhance Vps34-dependent endosomal trafficking. Our designed peptides can target the Beclin 1 coiled-coil domain, promote Atg14L– and UVRAG–Beclin 1 interaction, induce autophagy, and significantly enhance endolysosomal degradation of the EGF receptor. Our results testify to the feasibility of targeting Beclin 1 to regulate both autophagy and endosomal trafficking.
A stress-induced response complex (SIRC) shuttles miRNAs, siRNAs, and oligonucleotides to the nucleus
Authors: Castanotto Daniela , Zhang Xiaowei , Alluin Jessica , Zhang Xizhe , Rüger Jacqueline , Armstrong Brian , Rossi John , Riggs Arthur , Stein C. A. 
Published: June 2018

Significance
The deregulation of miRNA function is critical in the pathogenesis of cancer and other diseases. miRNAs and other noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) tightly regulate gene expression, often in the cell nucleus. Heretofore, there has been no understanding that there exists a general shuttling mechanism that brings miRNAs, in addition to therapeutic oligonucleotides and siRNAs, from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. We have identified this shuttling mechanism, which occurs in response to cell stress. Nuclear imported miRNAs are functional, can potentially alter gene expression, and participate in cell stress response mechanisms. This shuttling mechanism can be augmented to target specific RNAs, including miRNA sponges, and long ncRNAs like Malat-1, which have been implicated in promoting tumor metastasis.
Configuration correlation governs slow dynamics of supercooled metallic liquids
Authors: Hu Yuan-Chao , Li Yan-Wei , Yang Yong , Guan Peng-Fei , Bai Hai-Yang , Wang Wei-Hua 
Published: June 2018

Significance
The search for a structural origin governing the dynamical slowing down of a supercooled liquid toward glass transition is an active area of the community of amorphous materials. In the past decade, the locally preferred geometrical orderings, that is, those local polyhedral packing clusters extracted from instantaneous atomic configurations, such as icosahedron, have been suggested as the structural origin of slow dynamics in metallic glass-forming liquids. Here, we demonstrate that it is the intrinsic correlation between configurations that captures the structural origin governing slow dynamics. A correlation length extracted from these configurations' correlation plays a more important role than various dynamic correlation lengths in determining the drastic dynamical slowdown of supercooled metallic liquids.
Evolutionary convergence in lignin-degrading enzymes
Authors: Ayuso-Fernández Iván , Ruiz-Dueñas Francisco J. , Martínez Angel T. 
Published: June 2018

Significance
We analyze the molecular mechanisms that led to the rise of a powerful strategy for lignin degradation (i.e., the formation of a solvent-exposed tryptophanyl radical capable of oxidizing the bulky lignin polymer) as a convergent trait in different species of fungi (order Polyporales). We use ancestral sequence reconstruction and enzyme resurrection to obtain the ancestors of the two extant types of ligninolytic peroxidases—lignin peroxidase (LiP) and versatile peroxidase (VP)—and compare their predicted molecular structures and catalytic properties after resurrection. The results presented demonstrate convergent evolution in distant LiP and VP lineages with the exposed tryptophan residue appearing twice, as two independent events, following different molecular changes.
Human midcingulate cortex encodes distributed representations of task progress
Authors: Holroyd Clay B. , Ribas-Fernandes José J. F. , Shahnazian Danesh , Silvetti Massimo , Verguts Tom 
Published: June 2018

SignificanceMidcingulate cortex (MCC) contributes to cognitive control and decision making but its specific role in this process is highly mysterious. Here we use functional magnetic resonance imaging to test the predictions of a neural network model of MCC function. Confirming the model predictions, we find that human MCC encodes distributed, dynamically evolving representations of goal-directed action sequences. These results suggest that standard approaches for analyzing MCC function overlook the major portion of information encoded by this brain area. Rather, they indicate that MCC encodes the distances between representations of task events in task space, revealing how the MCC sustains the execution of extended behaviors.
PHIP as a therapeutic target for driver-negative subtypes of melanoma, breast, and lung cancer
Authors: de Semir David , Bezrookove Vladimir , Nosrati Mehdi , Dar Altaf A. , Wu Clayton , Shen Julia , Rieken Christopher , Venkatasubramanian Meenakshi , Miller James R. , Desprez Pierre-Yves , McAllister Sean , Soroceanu Liliana , Debs Robert J. , Salomonis Nathan , Schadendorf Dirk , Cleaver James E. , Kashani-Sabet Mohammed 
Published: June 2018

Significance
The development of targeted therapies represents a major advance in cancer therapy, with its most prominent examples including agents targeting HER2 in breast cancer, EGFR and ALK in lung cancer, and BRAF in melanoma. However, a key challenge confronting such precision medicine approaches concerns the presence of subtypes of each of these three common, lethal solid tumors that lack identified molecular drivers, and are thus not amenable to targeted therapies. Our studies identify a role for pleckstrin homology domain-interacting protein (PHIP) in promoting the progression of “driver-negative” subtypes of these common solid tumors. In addition, they demonstrate a physical interaction between PHIP and an activating histone modification, thereby identifying PHIP as a rational target for the therapy of these solid tumor subtypes.
Media audiences and reception studies
Authors: Hill Annette 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Media audiences and reception studies is a shifting area of research in terms of theories and concepts, methodologies and methods. Audiences are on the move, and ways of understanding these transitions involves multi-faceted, pragmatic approaches to varieties of audience experiences in context, including contexts of distribution and media flows, genres and communicative form, and identities and everyday life. The range of methodologies and methods available to audience researchers are multi-form, mixing media, social and cultural theories, with flexible methods for capturing transforming audiences. Transnational audiences for global formats and local content signal an increasing range of audio-visual content available to consumers, fans and publics, including translations, subtitling and fan subbing of fiction and non-fiction television and social media. In relation to audience engagement with screen culture there is an increasing significance of distribution contexts, and the centrality of place and time, to research in transnational audiences. The case study of production and audience research of the Nordic noir television drama The Bridge highlights how engaging with multi-layered storytelling and reading subtitles makes for intensities of cognitive and emotional engagement with the drama, and suggests a sense of place and time is critical to understanding cultural engagement with transnational drama.
Film, cinema and reception studies
Authors: Biltereyst Daniel , Meers Philippe 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This chapter aims at introducing the reader into the field of film reception studies, more particular into the field which deals with audience’s contemporary and historical filmic and cinematic experiences. After providing an historical overview of this expanding field, the chapter goes into the various strands of cinema and film reception research. The contribution argues that in recent years, this field of research grew into an ever more mature, inter- and multidisciplinary domain, where perspectives are now utilized, which were often neglected within film studies so far, like ethnographic research, memory studies, social geography, urban studies, history, or the digital humanities. Much of this recent work is driven by the idea that a perspective on audience’s ‘bottom up’ experiences of films and cinema, leads to a more profound understanding and eventually to a revision of theories, concepts, and the history of film and cinema. This chapter is to be seen as part of the scholarly endeavour, often called ‘new cinema history’, which aims at rewriting film’s and cinema’s past precisely by integrating audiences’ experiences.
Triangulation of online and offline measures of processing and reception in AVT
Authors: Kruger Jan-Louis , Doherty Stephen 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This chapter reviews methodologies for investigating the cognitive processing of audiovisual translation products using the triangulation of physiological, psychometric and performance measures. It also provides an analysis of the strengths and limitations of these measures to offer a synthesis of what has been achieved in this field and what remains to be developed. Such triangulation faces many challenges and rewards related to conducting interdisciplinary research that combines tightly-controlled experimental research with real-world, ecologically valid studies. Hence, the discussion emphasises the importance of both borrowing methods from other disciplines, and employing them effectively to add value to the study of film. We call for increased quality and integrity in AVT research to resolve questions on the cognitive processing and reception of AVT products.