bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring Robustness of Brain Networks in Autism Spectrum Disorder with Ricci Curvature
Authors: Simhal Anish K. , Carpenter Kimberly L.H. , Nadeem Saad , Kurtzberg Joanne , Song Allen , Tannenbaum Allen , Sapiro Guillermo , Dawson Geraldine 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTRicci curvature is a method for measuring the robustness of networks. In this work, we use Ricci curvature to measure robustness of brain networks affected by autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Subjects with ASD are given a stem cell infusion and are imaged with diffusion MRI before and after the infusion. By using Ricci curvature to measure changes in robustness, we quantify both local and global changes in the brain networks correlated with the infusion. Our results find changes in regions associated with ASD that were not detected via traditional brain network analysis.
Structural variation of the malaria-associated human glycophorin A-B-E region
Authors: Louzada Sandra , Algady Walid , Weyell Eleanor , Zuccherato Luciana W. , Brajer Paulina , Almalki Faisal , Scliar Marilia O , Naslavsky Michel S , Yamamoto Guilherme L , Duarte Yeda A O , Passos-Bueno Maria Rita , Zatz Mayana , Yang Fengtang , Hollox Edward J 
Published: August 2019

AbstractApproximately 5% of the human genome consists of structural variants, which are enriched for genes involved in the immune response and cell-cell interactions. A well-established region of extensive structural variation is the glycophorin gene cluster, comprising three tandemly-repeated regions about 120kb in length, carrying the highly homologous genesGYPA,GYPBandGYPE. Glycophorin A and glycophorin B are glycoproteins present at high levels on the surface of erythrocytes, and they have been suggested to act as decoy receptors for viral pathogens. They act as receptors for invasion of a causative agent of malaria,Plasmodium falciparum. A particular complex structural variant (DUP4) that creates aGYPB/GYPAfusion gene is known to confer resistance to malaria. Many other structural variants exist, and remain poorly characterised. Here, we analyse sequences from 6466 genomes from across the world for structural variation at the glycophorin locus, confirming 15 variants in the 1000 Genomes project cohort, discovering 9 new variants, and characterising a selection using fibre-FISH and breakpoint mapping. We identify variants predicted to create novel fusion genes and a common inversion duplication variant at appreciable frequencies in West Africans. We show that almost all variants can be explained by unequal cross over events (non-allelic homologous recombination, NAHR) and. by comparing the structural variant breakpoints with recombination hotspot maps, show the importance of a particular meiotic recombination hotspot on structural variant formation in this region.
Developing serving culture: focus on workplace empowerment
Authors: Nowak Radoslaw 
Published: August 2019

PurposeBased on the data gathered from healthcare organizations, the purpose of this paper is to identify new antecedents of service quality. The proposed model posits that workplace empowerment should increase a level of employee helping behaviors, thus supporting the development of a firm’s serving culture. Consequently, while focusing on two forms of workplace empowerment, the study empirically tests mediating paths that link structural empowerment and psychological empowerment with service quality via serving culture. The findings expand the understanding of how companies could better manage evolving demands of their customers. Furthermore, the project provides clear guidelines to practitioners by suggesting how firms should allocate their organizational resources to boost service quality.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses the original survey data collected from healthcare organizations to empirically test the mediating paths linking structural empowerment, psychological empowerment and service quality via serving culture. The data were tested using structural equation modeling.FindingsAlthough the initial model assumed that both types of workplace empowerment should play equally important roles in the development of serving culture, the data reveal the statistical significance of structural empowerment. Thereby, findings emphasize that in health care, employees must be provided with access to key organizational resources (e.g., vertical and horizontal information flow) to drive up quality of service.Originality/valueThis research is one of a few empirical studies examining antecedents of serving culture. An overall implication of the study should be a reinforced call for more empirical studies that could identify how companies could develop serving culture. Furthermore, the paper proposes that managers must remove structural barriers that may exist in their organizations to empower employees to better manage changing customer needs.
Perceptions of collective narratives and identity strategies as indicators of intergroup relations
Authors: Somech Lior Y. , Sagy Shifra 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
This study aims to explore intergroup relations between two Jewish religious groups in Israel, namely, ultra-Orthodox and national-religious communities, by using an integrated model that combines two psychosocial concepts: perceptions of collective narratives and identity strategies.

Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected from a representative sample of 402 ultra-Orthodox and 388 national-religious Jews living in Israel, of age 18 and over. Repeated-measures ANOVAs were conducted to examine group differences in perceiving in-group and out-group collective narratives and in patterns of identity strategies. Further, partial correlations and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to test the relative contribution of perceptions of collective narratives and patterns of identity strategies.

Findings
Willingness to compete with and to separate from the out-group was related to the tendency to reject its collective narrative while endorsing the in-group one. In the same vein, the opposite pattern was found in the relations between willingness to integrate and unite with the out-group and the perceptions of collective narratives. The results also indicate group differences: the ultra-Orthodox exhibited stronger tendencies to preserve their in-group collective narratives and to reject the out-group, as well as stronger endorsement of identity strategies of competition and separation compared to national-religious.

Practical implications
The results suggest that it might be useful to encourage dialogue between both groups to clarify each side’s narratives and rationale underlying the endorsement of specific identity strategies. Such an open dialogue could help each group understand the other group’s needs and might also reduce their sense of threat as well as anxiety about losing their religious and social uniqueness. One possible opportunity for such dialogue is workplaces in which members of each group can gradually uncover stereotypes, enhancing reconciliation and willingness to accept the “other’s” collective narrative and choose to adhere more to the similar than dissimilar characteristics.

Originality/value
This is the first study, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, to examine collective narratives and identity strategies as powerful indicators of intergroup relations between two minority groups of the same religion. Within such a unique context, the power struggle exists and the separation and competition strategies are apparent, but the main conflictual issue is related to similarities and discrepancies of religious ideologies, values, norms and worldviews that shape one’s daily life and his/her encounter with the similar but different “other”.
Cosmetic applied based face recognition for biometric passport
Authors: Choudhury Ziaul Haque , Rabbani M. Munir Ahamed 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
Nowadays, the use of forged e-passport is increasing, which is threatening national security. It is important to improve the national security against international crime or terrorism. There is a weak verification process caused by lack of identification processes such as a physical check, biometric check and electronic check. The e-passport can prevent the passport cloning or forging resulting from the illegal immigration. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper focuses on face recognition to improve the biometric authentication for an e-passport, and it also introduces facial permanent mark detection from the makeup or cosmetic-applied faces, twins and similar faces. An algorithm is proposed to detect the cosmetic-applied facial permanent marks such as mole, freckle, birthmark and pockmark. Active Shape Model into Active Appearance Model using Principal Component Analysis is applied to detect the facial landmarks. Facial permanent marks are detected by applying the Canny edge detector and Gradient Field Histogram of Oriented Gradient.

Findings
This paper demonstrated an algorithm and proposed facial marks detection from cosmetic or makeup-applied faces for a secure biometric passport in the field of personal identification for national security. It also presented to detect and identify identical twins and similar faces. This paper presented facial marks detection from the cosmetic-applied face, which can be mixed with traditional methods. However, the use of the proposed technique faced some challenges due to the use of cosmetic. The combinations of the algorithm for facial mark recognition matching with classical methods were able to attain lower errors in this proposed experiment.

Originality/value
The proposed method will enhance the national security and it will improve the biometric authentication for the e-passport. The proposed algorithm is capable of identifying facial marks from cosmetic-applied faces accurately, with less false positives. The proposed technique shows the best results.
Islamic mortgages: principles and practice
Authors: Hanif Muhammad 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present an analysis of current practices of Islamic mortgages in the light of the principles of Islamic financial system, to document divergences – if any. A subsidiary goal is to develop an Islamic Mortgage Model (IMM) based on Musharakah principles.

Design/methodology/approach
The author documents theoretical underpinnings of risk-return sharing from the Shari’ah perspective. A comparative study of conventional and Islamic mortgages is completed; existing practice of Islamic mortgages analyzed in the light of Musharakah principles and divergences identified. IMM is developed after taking divergences and Musharakah principles into considerations. A housing case is used to highlight differences (in financial terms) under multiple methods and scenarios.

Findings
Study documents multiple divergences from Musharakah principles in the existing practice of Islamic mortgages including ignorance of market pricing in the negotiation of rentals and trading of equity units, and transfer of all ownership risks and rewards (vacancy, damage, destruction and market) to one partner (i.e. customer). Practice is divergent from principles in the area of economic substance. Modified IMM is developed by taking into account Musharakah principles; and differences highlighted by calculating financial figures – to determine financial rights and liabilities of the parties.

Practical implications
Divergence from the principles of risk-return sharing leads to failure in the achievement of Islamic finance objective of equitable distribution of wealth. Moreover, protection of capital for financier reduces the market abilities to achieve financial stability by matching credit expansion with the rise in the real economy. Shari’ah boards and regulators, as well as, management of Islamic banking industry are expected to incorporate proposed changes in-practice for the realization of Islamic finance objectives.

Originality/value
This study contributes to Islamic finance literature in the area of risk-return sharing. Based on important objectives of Islamic finance – equitable distribution of wealth and financial stability – divergences identified and a modified IMM in the light of Musharakah principles is presented. Descriptive rules are transformed into financial figures to document financial rights and liabilities of the concerned parties.
The intention to use Islamic banking: an exploratory study to measure Islamic financial literacy
Authors: Albaity Mohamed , Rahman Mahfuzur 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
Several research models have been proposed in the existing literature to understand the intention to use Islamic banking where conventional bank customers are not primarily addressed. Upon measuring the level of Islamic financial literacy (IFL) among the customers of conventional banks in the UAE, the purpose of this paper is to examine the direct and indirect effects of IFL, awareness, cost and benefit, reputation and attitude towards Islamic banking on the intention of potential customers to use Islamic banking.

Design/methodology/approach
Using judgmental sampling techniques, questionnaires were distributed to working individuals who did not have accounts with Islamic banks. A total of 350 completed and usable questionnaires were received and used for further analysis. The SmartPLS 3.0 software was used to analyse the data.

Findings
The results revealed that the level of IFL was high across the respondents and differed significantly as a function of gender, income level and years of work experience. The findings showed that IFL, awareness, reputation and attitude towards Islamic banking significantly influenced the intention to use Islamic banking, while cost and benefit appear not to. Interestingly, IFL was negatively correlated with the intention to use Islamic banking, but when the attitude towards Islamic banking mediated the relationship between IFL and the intention to use Islamic banking it then became positive.

Research limitations/implications
Future research should consider looking at non-Muslim economies, which might be more vulnerable to IFL. In addition, a comparison between the current customers of Islamic banks and potential customers might be relevant to see whether the IFL of the current customers differs from the new customers.

Practical implications
The implications of the research are twofold. First the study suggests that IFL is crucial for an Islamic bank’s potential new customers. Islamic bank managers should design and focus their policies toward enriching the knowledge of the public about Islamic banks and their products. Second, IFL alone does not lead to a higher level of intention to use Islamic banks unless there is a positive attitude towards such banks.

Originality/value
To the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the first studies to consider the IFL measure used in this paper. Therefore, this study will be the foundation for future research on IFL.
International reserves and domestic money market disequilibrium
Authors: Nayak Shibananda , Baig Mirza Allim 
Published: August 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the likely determinants of the demand for official international reserves (hereafter reserves) for India and China in the long run in a basic buffer stock model. The paper also examines the role of domestic money market disequilibrium in the short-run demand for official reserves for both the countries in a dynamic synthesis model.Design/methodology/approachThe study used quarterly data for the time period 1993:Q1–2015:Q4. The long-run model is being estimated by following the Frenkel–Jovanovic (1981) buffer stock model and includes the determinants such as transaction motive variable (GDP or Imports), opportunity cost variable (domestic interest rate), precautionary motive variable (volatility of reserves) and exchange rate. The study also examined the role of domestic money market disequilibrium in addition to the above variables in the short-run reserve demand model. The money market disequilibrium term is expected to be negative and significant in the short run. The study employed autoregressive distributed lag bound testing approach to co-integration and unrestricted error-correction model (UECM) approach developed by Pesaranet al.(2001) for estimating the long-run and short-run models, respectively.FindingsThe co-integration test suggests the existence of long-run relationship between international reserves and its determinants. In the long run, all the variables are statistically significant with expected sign, except domestic interest rate variable for China. It is also found that, the money market disequilibrium term in the short run is negative and significant which validates that an excessive money demand (supply) induces an inflow (outflow) of international reserves for both India and China with a lag of four quarters. The recursive residual tests (CUSUM and CUSUMSQ) confirm the stability of both long-run and short-run reserve demand models.Practical implicationsThe findings and policy implications of this study may be useful for the policy makers of the similar emerging economies for designing money and currency policies.Originality/valueThis paper is a comparative study which systematically analyzed the reserve demand behavior of the two emerging economies India and China. The study integrates the domestic money market with the international reserve demand behavior for these two economies.
An approach by human and material resources combination to reduce hospitals crowding
Authors: Jebbor Sara , El Afia Abdellatif , Chiheb Raddouane 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to propose an approach by human and material resources combination to reduce hospitals crowding. Hospitals crowding is becoming a serious problem. Many research works present several methods and approaches to deal with this problem. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge – after a deep reading of literature – in all the proposed approaches, human and material resources are studied separately while they must be combined (to a given number of material resources an optimal number of human resources must be assigned and vice versa) to reflect reality and provide better results.

Design/methodology/approach
Hospital inpatient unit is chosen as framework. This unit crowding reduction is carried out by its capacity increasing. Indeed, inpatient unit modeling is performed to find the adequate combinations of human and material resources numbers insuring this unit stability and providing optimal service rates. At first, inpatient unit is modeled using queuing networks and considering only two resources (beds and nurses). Then, the obtained service rate formula is improved by including other resources and parameters using Baskett, Chandy, Muntz and Palecios (BCMP) queuing networks. This work is applied to “Princess Lalla Meryem” hospital inpatient unit.

Findings
Results are patients’ average number reduction by an average (in each block) of three patients, patients’ average waiting time reduction by an average of 9.98 h and non-admitted patients (to inpatient wards) access percentage of 39.26 per cent on average.

Originality/value
Previous works focus their studies on either human resources or material resources. Only a few works study both resources types, but separately. The context of those studies does not meet the real hospital context (where human resources are combined with material resources). Therefore, the provided results are not very reliable. In this paper, an approach by human and material resources combination is proposed to increase inpatient unit care capacity. Indeed, this approach consists of developing inpatient unit service rate formula in terms of human and material resources numbers.
Review article: Identifying occupational violence patient risk factors and risk assessment tools in the emergency department: A scoping review
Authors: Cabilan CJ , Johnston Amy NB 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOccupational violence (OV) is a daily risk for ED staff. It contributes to staff stress, sick leave, turn‐over and burn‐out, and limits the capacity of staff to provide unimpeded quality care to patients and their families. Many factors contribute to incidents of OV; however, early detection of such risk factors could pre‐empt incidences of OV during ED episodes of care. A five‐stage methodological framework for scoping reviews was used to identify, summarise and synthesise OV risk factors from five key databases. A validated tool was used to appraise the quality of included studies. Independent evaluation by the reviewers was used throughout. Patient factors were extracted and described from 24 methodologically and geographically diverse papers. Methodological quality for these studies varied from moderate to high. A total of 34 OV risk factors were identified. Although there was variation in, and differences between, staff‐perceived and objective (documented) OV risk factors, patient risk factors can be categorised into three main groups: clinical presentation, behaviours and past history. Five existing ED OV risk assessment tools were identified, with limited supporting evidence for each. The results support the development of a reliable and validated OV risk assessment tool to be initiated at triage.
Effects of different segmentation methods on geometric morphometric data collection from primate skulls
Authors: Ito Tsuyoshi 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

An increasing number of studies are analysing the shapes of objects using geometric morphometrics with tomographic data, which are often segmented and transformed to three‐dimensional (3D) surface models before measurement. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different image segmentation methods on geometric morphometric data collection using computed tomography data collected from non‐human primate skulls.

Three segmentation methods based on a visually selected threshold, a half‐maximum height protocol and a gradient and watershed algorithm were compared. For each method, the efficiency of surface reconstruction, the accuracy of landmark placement and the level of variation in shape and size compared with various levels of biological variation were evaluated.

The visual‐based method inflated the surface in high‐density anatomical regions, whereas the half‐maximum height protocol resulted in a large number of artificial holes and erosion. However, the gradient‐based method mitigated these issues and generated the most efficient surface model. The segmentation method used had a much smaller effect on shape and size variation than interspecific and inter‐individual differences. However, this effect was statistically significant and not negligible when compared with intra‐individual (fluctuating asymmetric) variation.

Although the gradient‐based method is not widely used in geometric morphometric analyses, it may be one of promising options for reconstructing 3D surfaces. When evaluating small variations, such as fluctuating asymmetry, care should be taken around combining 3D data that were obtained using different segmentation methods.