bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In silico evolution of globular protein folds from random sequences
Authors: Koonin Eugene , Sahakyan Harutyun , Babajanyan Sanasar , Wolf Yuri 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The origin and evolution of protein folds are among the most challenging, long-standing problems in biology 1,2. Although many plausible scenarios of early protein evolution leading to fold nucleation have been proposed 3-8, realistic simulation of this process was not feasible because of the lack of efficient approaches for protein structure prediction, a situation that changed with the advent of powerful tools for fast and robust protein structure prediction, such as AlphaFold 9,10 and ESMFold11. We developed a computational approach for protein fold evolution simulator (PFES) with atomistic details that provide insights into the mechanisms of evolution of globular folds from random amino acid sequences. PFES introduces random mutations in a population of protein sequences, evaluates the effect of mutations on protein structure, and selects a new set of proteins for further evolution. Repeating this process iteratively allows tracking the evolutionary trajectory of a changing protein fold that evolves under selective pressure for protein fold stability, interaction with other proteins, or other features shaping the fitness landscape. We employed PFES to show how globular protein folds could evolve from random amino acid sequences as monomers or in complexes with other proteins. The simulations reproduce the evolution of many simple folds of natural proteins as well as the evolution of distinct folds not known to exist in nature. We show that evolution of a stable fold from random sequences, on average takes 3 to 8 amino acid replacements per site, suggesting that simple but stable protein folds can evolve relatively easily. These findings could shed light on the enigma of the rapid evolution of protein fold diversity at the earliest stages of life evolution. PFES tracks the complete evolutionary history from simulations that describes intermediate states at the sequence and structure levels and can be used to test versatile hypotheses on protein fold evolution.
Morphological Trait Correlations and Nutrient Compositions of the Japanese moon scallop Ylistrum japonicum in China
Authors: Xie Yaoyu , Han Yida , Wang Xubo , Tian Ying , Chang Yaqing 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The present study focuses on the scallop Ylistrum japonicum, a species with significant economic and ecological value, to evaluate its morphological traits and the nutritional composition of the adductor muscle. A total of 150 individuals were collected from the coastal area near Hailing Island, Guangdong Province, South of China. Measurements included shell length, width, height, wet weight, soft body weight, gonad weight, and adductor muscle weight. The study employed multiple regression analysis and path analysis to investigate the relationships between body size traits and quality traits. These results indicate a strong positive correlation among the morphological and weight-related traits, with some variation in the strength of correlation depending on gender. In the selective breeding of Y. japonicum, there should be a focus on indirectly improving weight traits by selecting for morphological traits, which serves as an important basis for selective breeding. Nutritional components of the adductor muscle were analyzed for moisture, ash, fat, protein, fatty acids and amino acids. The nutritional composition analysis of the adductor muscle provided insights into its protein, amino acid and fatty acid content, which are essential for evaluating the scallop as a food source. The study's findings contribute to the understanding of Y. japonicum's quality traits and nutritional value, laying a basis for the development of selective breeding strategies aimed at boosting the species' aquaculture potential.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of probiotic bacteria Bifidobacterium BB-12 and Streptococcus thermophilus TH-4 in the prevention of microecological and gastrointestinal disorders in children born by cesarean section
Authors: Nikolaeva I. V. , Shaikhieva G. S. , Gaynatullina L. R. 
Published: November 2024

The clinical and laboratory effectiveness of a biocomplex of probiotic bacteria (Bifidobacterium BB-12, Streptococcus thermophilus TH-4) in preventing the development of microecological and gastrointestinal disorders in children born by cesarean section has been studied. A prospective open comparative study was conducted. The main group consisted of 16 healthy newborns born by cesarean section who were treated with a probiotic (Bifidobacterium BB-12, Streptococcus thermophilus TH-4) at 1 dose once a day. Oral administration of the probiotics began immediately after delivery and continued for 14 days. A control group of 21 healthy babies born by caesarian section who did not receive the probiotics during the study period was also included. Bacteriological analysis of fecal samples and assessment of the health status were performed at the ages of 4–5 days, 1 month, and 3 months. In children receiving probiotics, the incidence of infantile intestinal colic was lower at the age of 1 month, opportunistic microflora were less frequently isolated (p<0.01), and signs of inflammation in the intestines were less often detected during the follow-up period, as shown by a coprological study.Conclusion. The effectiveness of using probiotics (Bifidobacterium BB-12 and S. thermophilus TH-4) to prevent microecological and gastrointestinal problems in children born by cesarean section has been demonstrated.
Clinical significance of determining the level of citrulline in children who have undergone intestinal resection during the neonatal period
Authors: Druzhkova E. E. , Kamalova A. A. , Sageeva G. I. , Podshivalin A. A. 
Published: November 2024

Citrulline is an amino acid that is not found in protein and does not enter the body through food, enteral or parenteral nutrition. It is instead synthesized exclusively by enterocytes. Therefore, citrulline concentrations in the blood can reflect the process of biosynthesis in the intestines and are directly related to changes in the function of these cells.Purpose. The aim of the study was to assess citrulline levels in children who had undergone intestinal resection during the neonatal period.Material and methods. The study included 22 children with short bowel syndrome, diagnosed by a doctor (main group; average age 3.7 months). We also included 20 children who had undergone surgery to remove less than 50% of their intestine but did not have short bowel syndrome (comparison group; average age 3 months 1 day). The control group consisted of 23 healthy children who had never had surgery on their gastrointestinal tract and did not have any congenital malformations or clinical signs of enteropathy (average age 5 months 3 days). High performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) was used to measure the level of citrulline.Results. The average level of citrulline in the blood of children in the main group was 18 μmol/l (95% CI 10–22.8), in the comparison group – 17.5 μmol/l (95% CI 16–21), in the control group – 26 μmol/l (95% CI 22–3). Citrulline levels in patients who underwent surgery in the neonatal period were significantly different from those of children in the control group There were no differences in the content of citrulline between the main and comparison groups, depending on whether the colon was preserved or not and whether the ileocecal valve was present (p>0.05).Conclusion. An increase in citrulline level in the blood of children receiving therapy with a glucagon-like peptide-2 analog indicates the possibility of using this marker to monitor changes in intestinal absorption associated with physiological or pharmacological adaptation of the intestine.
A combined support vector regression with a firefly algorithm for prediction of energy consumption in wastewater treatment plants
Authors: Achite Mohammed , Samadianfard Saeed , Elshaboury Nehal , Toubal Kamel Abderezak , Abdelkader Eslam Mohammed , Sharafi Milad 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) comprise energy-intensive processes, serving as primary contributors to overall WWTP costs. This research study proposes a novel approach that integrates support vector regression (SVR) with the firefly algorithm (FFA) for the prediction of energy consumption in a WWTP in Chlef City, Algeria. The database comprises a comprehensive set of 1,653 samples, capturing diverse information categories. It includes chemical and physical characteristics, encompassing chemical oxygen demand, 5-day biochemical oxygen demand, potential of hydrogen, water temperature, total suspended sediment in water and basin, influent N-NH3 concentration, number of aerators, and operating time. Additionally, the hydraulic and energy-related parameters are represented by the flow entered at the station and the energy consumed by aerators, respectively. Finally, meteorological data, comprising rainfall, temperature, relative humidity, and the aridity index, are part of the dataset required for analysis. In this regard, 15 different models that correspond to 15 different combinations of input parameters are assessed in this study. The results show that the SVR–FFA-15 can render an improvement in the prediction accuracy of energy consumption in WWTPs. This study provides a useful tool for managing the energy consumption of wastewater treatment and makes insightful recommendations for future energy savings.
Household Food Insecurity and Its Association with Nutritional Status of Children 6–59 Months of Age in Kebridehar City
Authors: Aden Ebrahim Hassen , Mohammed Saleha Abdusamed 
Published: November 2024

Malnutrition, characterized by an imbalance in the intake of calories, proteins, or other nutrients, includes undernutrition and overnutrition. This study aimed to assess the impact of household food insecurity on the nutritional status of children aged 6 to 59 months in Kebridehar town using a community-based cross-sectional approach. The city of Kebridehar was divided into 12 kebeles and the study targeted families with children in the specified age group. A proportional sample of 344 households was randomly selected from each kebele. Data were collected through surveys and analyzed to determine the prevalence of food insecurity and its effects on children's nutrition.Results: The study revealed significant disparities in food security: 11.6% of households were food secure, while 88.4% were food insecure. Female-headed homes had a lower percentage of impoverished children and the mother's education had a vital influence. Low- and middle-income households had a larger risk of childhood loss than higher-income ones. Smaller families were 15.76 times more likely to suffer food insecurity and homes without health services were 3.27 times higher potential to be food insecure. Children from insecure food families have poorer health outcomes, being 4.95 times more likely to be underweight, 1.30 times more likely to be stunted, and 1.45 times more likely to be wasted.Conclusion: The study highlights an important problem of food insecurity that affects the health of children. Factors such as the woman's family, the mother's education level, low income and family size are crucial. Urgent interventions are necessary to improve food security and nutritional outcomes, especially for families with low income, less education, and poor sanitation.
THE ATTITUDE OF PARENTS REGARDING THEIR CHILD IMMUNIZATION IN LAHORE, PAKISTAN
Authors: Shahid Sara , Ijaz Ansa , Ul-Ain Qurat- , Tahir Muhammad Ali , Shakir Hamda , Mughal Maryam , Fahad Muhammad , Kainat Areej , Ali Moiz , Ayesha Maryam , Iqbal Muhammad Zahid 
Published: November 2024

Background: Many parents harbor negative views about vaccine-preventable diseases (VPD) and hold misunderstandings about the ingredients, side effects, and efficacy of vaccines. The resurgence of diseases preventable by vaccines was believed to be primarily due to insufficient childhood vaccination practices. The study aimed to assess parental attitude towards their children's vaccinations.
Methods: The present study is a multi-centered, cross sectional observational study to evaluate the attitude of the parents regarding their child immunization in Lahore, Pakistan. Quantitative research methodology involving validated questionnaires and research tools were utilized in order to evaluate the attitude of the parents regarding their child immunization. A total of 353 parents belonging to urban and rural areas of Lahore having children of different ages were recruited for the present study.
Results: Out of 353 parents surveyed, majority of the study subject were mothers (56.1%) with age 25-29 years (30%). Majority of the parents (70.3%) were observed to have negative attitude while only 29.7% of the respondents presented positive attitude at baseline. It is observed that the occupation, no of children, residency, living class and health care providers in respondent family shows highly significant statistical association (p<0.001) with patient attitude regarding their child immunization.
Conclusions: The present study concludes that the parents showing negative attitude do not get their children vaccinated. They feel that it is a formality and they find it hectic to take their children to vaccination centers for immunizations. The immunization status was also significantly influenced by sociodemographic factors. In order to achieve positive attitude, efforts should be made to tell them benefits of vaccination and by changing their thinking about side effects of vaccine by educating them about the beneficial effects of vaccines and its safety.

Peer Review History:
Received 8 July 2024; Reviewed 15 September 2024; Accepted 26 October; Available online 15 November 2024
Academic Editor: Prof. Dr. Gorkem Dulger, Duzce University, Turkey, gorkemdulger@yandex.com
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewers:
Prof. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, shmahe@yemen.net.ye
Dr. Sheikh Abdul Khaliq, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan, drwadhsheikh1974@gmail.com
CPA Evolution and Curriculum Revolution: Building Value in the Accounting Profession Through CPA and CISA Dual Certification
Authors: Adams Mollie T. , Hines Christopher S. , Naegle J. Conrad , Ravenscraft Julie , Tassin Kerri L. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Accounting programs are tasked with reviewing the extent of curriculum modifications necessary due to CPA Evolution. We believe CPA Evolution creates an opportunity for accounting programs to build value and marketability for students through a specific dual certification that pairs the CPA certification with the Information Systems and Controls (ISC) Discipline, and the Certified Information Systems Auditor (CISA) certification (i.e., CPA-ISC/CISA dual certification). We discuss benefits of this dual certification to students, programs, and other stakeholders; key background information; and CISA exam and CPA-ISC Discipline exam content overlap. Additionally, we provide a curriculum framework at both the undergraduate and graduate levels to coordinate both foundational knowledge for all CPA-bound students and specialized knowledge for the CPA-ISC/CISA dual certification. Finally, we discuss constraints programs may encounter when providing a CPA-ISC/CISA dual certification preparatory path and ways programs can address them.
Voluntary Disclosure When Information Quality Is Unknown
Authors: Kim Eunhee , Pae Suil 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
This paper presents a costly voluntary disclosure model in which the information quality of a signal about a firm’s future cash flow is unknown, where the information quality, also called signal quality, refers to signal precision. Disclosure plays a dual role in firm valuation, providing information about both the cash flow and signal quality. We identify a necessary and sufficient condition under which the firm price under disclosure is a nonmonotonic and bounded function of the signal. Under this condition, as the disclosure cost increases, the equilibrium changes from an intermediate pool of undisclosed signals to a low-end pool of undisclosed signals, to two disjoint pools of undisclosed signals, and finally to no disclosure. Our results remain qualitatively unchanged when the firm may or may not have private information. Overall, this study offers alternative explanations for the empirical findings of why some firms disclose (withhold) seemingly bad (good) news.
JEL Classifications: D61; G14; M41.
Paying to Reduce Disparity: Financially Incentivizing Workforce Diversity and Its Effects on Managers’ Promotion Decisions and Employees’ Effort
Authors: Sheeley Bret 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Companies are offering managers compensation incentives to increase promotions of under-represented employees to higher level organizational positions (hereafter, “diversity incentives”). This study uses an experiment to examine how diversity incentives affect managers’ promotion decisions and employees’ effort choices before and after those decisions. The results suggest that managers’ diversity incentives do not affect employees’ pre-promotion effort choices. Additional analyses indicate that both over- and under-represented employees expect managers to promote them based on effort instead of group membership. Consistent with predictions, diversity incentives increase the likelihood that managers promote under-represented employees whose pre-promotion efforts are comparable to their over-represented colleagues’ efforts. After the promotion decision, nonpromoted employees whose managers receive diversity incentives choose the lowest effort, regardless of group membership. Collectively, these results inform companies about the potential costs and benefits of using diversity incentives by demonstrating that diversity incentives can increase diversity in promotions but reduce nonpromoted employees’ efforts.
Data Availability: Data are available from the author upon request.
Trends in Peripheral Artery Disease, Lower-Extremity Revascularization, and Lower-Extremity Amputation in Incident Type 2 Diabetes: A Danish Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Gyldenkerne Christine , Olesen Kevin K.W. , Thrane Pernille G. , Hansen Malene K. , Stødkilde-Jørgensen Nina , Sørensen Henrik T. , Thomsen Reimar W. , Maeng Michael 
Published: November 2024

OBJECTIVE
To examine trends in peripheral artery disease (PAD), lower-extremity (LE) revascularization, and LE amputation in patients with incident type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This cohort study included patients in Denmark diagnosed with type 2 diabetes in 1996–2015 and followed until 2020. Patients were age and sex matched with as many as three general population individuals. Outcomes comprised 5-year cumulative incidences of first-time PAD, LE revascularization, and LE amputation. Age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) were computed using Cox regression.

RESULTS
The cohort comprised 349,454 patients with incident type 2 diabetes (53% male; median age 62 years) and 1,025,054 general population individuals. Among patients with diabetes, decreases in 5-year cumulative incidence of PAD (from 6.2 to 3.4%; aHR 0.55 [95% CI 0.52–0.57]), LE revascularization (from 0.8 to 0.6%; aHR 0.80 [95% CI 0.71–0.90]), and LE amputation (from 1.0 to 0.4%; aHR 0.45 [95% CI 0.40–0.51]) occurred from 1996–2000 to 2011–2015. LE amputation decreased at all amputation levels (hip/thigh, knee/lower leg, and ankle/foot/toe) during the study period. In the general population, 5-year cumulative incidence remained stable (1.2–1.5% for PAD, ∼0.4% for LE revascularization, and ∼0.2% for LE amputation). However, the relative rates of all outcomes were two- to threefold higher in patients with diabetes than matched individuals in 2011–2015.

CONCLUSIONS
In recent decades, the cumulative incidence of LE complications substantially decreased in patients with incident type 2 diabetes while remaining stable in the general population.
Risk Factors Associated with Weight Gain during Treatment with Dupilumab among Patients with Moderate to Severe Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Tayefi Mahsa , Svedbom Axel , Ivert Lina , Lundqvist Maria , Ruas Jorge , Bradley Maria , Johansson Emma 
Published: November 2024

This cohort study used prospectively collected data from the Swedish national quality registry, SwedAD, to investigate weight gain as a possible side effect of dupilumab treatment for atopic dermatitis. Patients on dupilumab were compared with patients on other systemic medications, e.g., methotrexate, cyclosporine, or Janus kinase inhibitors, and possible risk factors for weight change during treatment with dupilumab were analysed. All patients aged 18 years or above, included in SwedAD between March 2018 and April 2023, who initiated systemic treatment at or after inclusion and had data on weight at baseline and at least 1 follow-up weight measurement were included (n  =  157). After 2 years on dupilumab, patients had a mean weight gain of 1.6 kg (p = 0.007, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.4–2.7). In the multivariable analysis, controlling for age at start, sex, asthma, and body mass index at start, dupilumab was associated with higher weight gain than other systemic treatments (3.3 kg, p = 0.005 [95% CI 1.0–5.6]). Asthma was associated with weight loss; male sex tended to be associated with weight gain.
Kontrowersje związane z realizacją strategii „od pola do stołu”. Praca przeglądowa
Authors: Jarosz Zuzanna , Faber Antoni 
Published: November 2024

Rosnące problemy klimatyczne i środowiskowe obligują do poszukiwania efektywnych rozwiązań w działalności gospodarczej. W grudniu 2019 r. Komisja Europejska wydała komunikat dotyczący strategii Europejskiego Zielonego Ładu, który wyznaczył ambitne cele w dążeniu do osiągnięcia neutralności klimatycznej do 2050 r. W pracy scharakteryzowano krótko cele i priorytety Europejskiego Zielonego Ładu (EZŁ) i strategii „od pola do stołu” oraz dokonano przeglądu badań nad skutkami ich wprowadzenia. Przedstawiono także przyczyny protestów rolników w Polsce i podjęto próbę ich wyjaśnienia. Zaprezentowane wywody prowadzą do ogólnego wniosku, że niezbędna jest szeroko zakrojona polityka informacyjna na temat EZŁ oraz działania szkoleniowo-doradcze dla rolników i konsumentów żywności. Odpowiedni poziom wiedzy rolników mógłby wpłynąć na zmianę ich postaw i większą akceptację proponowanych rozwiązań.