Abstract 2026: Loss of fibroblasts-dependent androgen receptor activation in prostate cancer cells develops castration-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Ishii Kenichiro , Matsuoka Izumi , Sasaki Takeshi , Kato Manabu , Nishikawa Kohei , Kanda Hideki , Hirokawa Yoshifumi , Iguchi Kazuhiro , Arima Kiminobu , Watanabe Masatoshi , Sugimura Yoshiki 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Well-differentiated prostate cancer (PCa) cells are generally androgen/androgen receptor (AR)-dependent, i.e. AR signaling regulates cell cycle and differentiation. Loss of AR signaling after androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) triggers AR-independent outgrowth, generating poorly differentiated uncontrollable PCa cells. To prevent development and progression of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), we hypothesize that preservation of AR signaling after ADT is an important target. Tumor stroma surrounding PCa cells is enriched in fibroblasts secreting AR-activating factors, e.g. EGF, IGF1, and IL-6. Thus, we investigated the role of fibroblasts in AR activation of human prostate cancer LNCaP sublines differing in androgen sensitivity under androgen deprivation. Androgen-low-sensitive E9 and F10 cells were obtained from the parental androgen-sensitive LNCaP cell population through use of a limiting dilution method in regular culture condition. In contrast, androgen-insensitive AIDL cells were established from LNCaP cells by continuous passaging under hormone-depleted condition. Original fibroblasts pcPrFs (-M5, -M6, -M7) were isolated from needle biopsy samples of patients with PCa. The PCa cells alone or PCa cells plus pcPrF-M5 were grafted beneath the renal capsule of male athymic nude mice, and then mice were castrated on 14 days post transplantation. Tumor volume of E9 cells + pcPrF-M5 became diminished post castration but that of F10 and AIDL cells + pcPrF-M5 was gradually increased even post castration. In E9 cells + pcPrF-M5 tumors, serum PSA became detected on day 21 post castration. Interestingly, serum PSA was gradually increased even in F10 cells inoculated alone. In AIDL tumors with or without pcPrF-M5, serum PSA was not detected because of mutated AR in AIDL cells. Cell growth of E9 and AIDL cells was directly increased by treating with EGF, whereas that in F10 cells was not affected. Phosphorylation of AKT and ERK1/2 in E9 and AIDL cells was also significantly increased by treating with EGF, whereas that in F10 cells was not affected. In the condition of co-cultures with fibroblasts, PSA production was directly increased in E9 cells but not in F10 and AIDL cells. Protein expression of AR splice variant 7 (AR-V7) was only detected in F10 cells. The reduced AR-dependency of PCa cells is an important clinical development because of its association with the cell’ progression to CRPC. Here our results showed that fibroblasts secreting AR-activating factors preserved AR signaling in E9 cells after ADT, indicating that this type of PCa cells can be controlled by ADT. In contrast, we suggest that loss of fibroblasts-dependent AR activation in F10 and AIDL cells may be responsible for development and progression of CRPC.
Citation Format: Kenichiro Ishii, Izumi Matsuoka, Takeshi Sasaki, Manabu Kato, Kohei Nishikawa, Hideki Kanda, Yoshifumi Hirokawa, Kazuhiro Iguchi, Kiminobu Arima, Masatoshi Watanabe, Yoshiki Sugimura. Loss of fibroblasts-dependent androgen receptor activation in prostate cancer cells develops castration-resistant prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2026.