bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interpretation of Late‐Pleistocene/Holocene Transition in the Sea of Marmara From Geochemistry of Bulk Carbonates
Authors: Liu Yujia , Lu Hailong , Yin Xijie , Ruffine Livio , Çağatay M. Namik , Yang Hailin , Chen Chunqing , He Dong , Zhu Zhenli , Yalamaz Burak 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIsotopic, mineralogical, and elemental analyses have been conducted for the geochemical characteristics of the bulk carbonates in the sediment cores from the Western High and Çınarcık Basin in the Sea of Marmara to investigate the authigenic, biogenic, and detrital components and their possible use in paleoceanographic studies. The Western High is a relatively shallow (−500 to −800 m) compressional area characterized by relatively low sedimentation rates (30–40 cm/Kyr), whereas the Çnarcık Basin is a deep (~1,250 m) transtentional area represented by high sedimentation rates (>1 m/Kyr). Both 87Sr/86Sr and δ18O of bulk carbonates from the Western High exhibit significant variations, increasing steeply from 87Sr/86Sr of 0.708437 to 0.708916 and δ18O of −3.2‰ Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite (VPDB) to 0.1‰ VPDB, indicating the incursion of the Mediterranean seawater after the last glacial and reflected in the change from lacustrine to marine environment. However, bulk carbonates in the core from the Çınarcık Basin have comparatively uniform values of 87Sr/86Sr (~0.708845) and δ18O (~0.0‰ VPDB), implying that this core did not experience the lacustrine/marine transition. In the Western High, δ13C values up to +24.3‰ VPDB at 400 cm below seafloor reveal the mineralization of heavy CO2, providing independent evidence for the subsurface biodegradation of petroleum. While in the Çınarcık Basin, δ13C values of bulk carbonates were relatively constant (approximately −2.94‰ VPDB). The high δ13C values of bulk carbonates from the Western High reflect the dissolution of primary carbonates as a result of the local acidic environment and precipitation of authigenic carbonates later, supported by mineralogical and elemental results.
East Atlantic Pattern Drives Multidecadal Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation Variability During the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Song Zhaoyang , Latif Mojib , Park Wonsun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and its governing processes during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) is investigated in the Kiel Climate Model. Under LGM conditions, multidecadal AMOC variability is mainly forced by the surface heat flux variability linked to the East Atlantic pattern (EAP). In contrast, the multidecadal AMOC variability under preindustrial conditions is mainly driven by the surface heat flux variability associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation. Stand‐alone atmosphere model experiments show that relative to preindustrial conditions, the change in AMOC forcing under LGM conditions is tightly linked to the differences in topography.
Hot Summers in the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Zheng Jiayu , Wang Chunzai 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe past two summers of 2017 and 2018 are very hot in the Northern Hemisphere, but the causes are not clear. Here we identify natural internal variabilities of seven atmospheric circulation patterns by teleconnection method that can cause the increase of summer surface air temperature: North Atlantic pattern, Europe pattern, East Atlantic pattern, West Atlantic pattern, Chukchee Sea‐North America pattern, Arctic Ocean‐North America pattern, and Beaufort Sea‐Siberia pattern. The magnitude of increased air temperature induced by internal variabilities associated with these atmospheric circulation patterns is comparable to or even larger than that caused by global warming. A combination of natural internal variabilities and global warming explains summer surface air temperature variations in the Northern Hemisphere. The results show that accurate forecast of these atmospheric circulation patterns can help to predict summer surface air temperature in the Northern Hemisphere.
An Expanded Definition of the Odd Oxygen Family for Tropospheric Ozone Budgets: Implications for Ozone Lifetime and Stratospheric Influence
Authors: Bates K. H. , Jacob D. J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractModels of tropospheric ozone commonly define an “odd oxygen” family (Ox), comprising ozone and species with which it rapidly cycles, in order to compute tropospheric ozone budgets and lifetimes. A major Ox loss is the O(1D) + H2O → 2OH reaction, but this may not be an actual loss because the resulting hydrogen oxide (HOx) radicals regenerate ozone in the presence of nitrogen oxides. Here we introduce an expanded odd oxygen family, Oy≡ Ox + Oz, to include both Ox and an additional subfamily, Oz, consisting of HOx and its reservoirs. We incorporate this new accounting into the GEOS‐Chem model, revealing a longer global mean ozone lifetime (73 days vs. 24 days) and greater stratospheric contribution (26% vs. 9%) under present‐day conditions than derived from the standard Ox budget. Tracking the Oy budget may provide better understanding of the discrepancies between global models in their computations of ozone sources and sinks.
The Surface Pathways of the South Atlantic: Revisiting the Cold and Warm Water Routes Using Observational Data
Authors: Drouin K. L. , Lozier M. S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe relative contributions of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation upper limb source waters in the South Atlantic (SA) remain largely unresolved. We contribute to a resolution by using observational data to explore water mass pathways feeding into the Benguela Current, considered a major component of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation upper limb in the SA. We focus on the pathways from the Pacific Ocean via the Drake Passage (traditionally termed the “cold” water route) and the Indian Ocean via Agulhas Leakage (traditionally termed the “warm” water route). We employ two main observational data sets: (1) surface drifter trajectories from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Global Drifter Program and (2) the Ocean Surface Current Analysis Real‐time product. Based on our Lagrangian analysis, the majority of particles originating in the Drake Passage remain in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, with a small portion reaching the northern limb of the SA subtropical gyre, and a few infiltrating the Agulhas Current region. The majority of particles released in the Agulhas Current follow the Agulhas Return Current and recirculate in its vicinity. Only a small portion leaks into the SA. Observed pathways reveal strong interactions between the two source waters in the Brazil‐Malvinas Confluence, the SA subtropical gyre, the Benguela Current, and the Agulhas Current region. Results from backward trajectories suggest a sizable contribution of waters from the Drake Passage to the Benguela Current but show disagreement between the two datasets in the magnitude of this contribution.
Evaluating the Joint Influence of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation and the Stratospheric Polar Vortex on Weather Patterns in the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Green Matthew R. , Furtado Jason C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSubseasonal‐to‐seasonal (S2S) forecasts of Northern Hemisphere (NH) extratropical winter weather patterns continue to be a challenging venture. Past studies have considered the individual influence of two modes of climate variability—the Madden‐Julian oscillation (MJO) and the state of the stratospheric polar vortex (SPV)—on the NH polar jet stream and associated weather regimes. This study takes a different approach and quantifies the joint influence of the SPV and the MJO on NH S2S winter weather patterns. Using ERA‐Interim, we illustrate that variability associated with the MJO primarily influences tropospheric patterns across the North Pacific and western North America 10 to 14 days later, while SPV variability has a stronger influence on tropospheric patterns over the North Atlantic and Europe for the same lags. Over the rest of North America and into the Arctic, however, constructive and destructive interference between the MJO and the SPV teleconnections yields unique jet stream and temperature patterns that differ from the single‐mode composites. As such, S2S forecasts of temperature and jet stream patterns across much of North America may improve in accuracy by considering both modes. The study also shows that MJO Phases 2 and 3 events influence the resulting tropospheric circulation via primarily a tropospheric pathway. By contrast, MJO Phases 7 and 8 events modify both the tropospheric and stratospheric circulation with potential feedbacks on the tropospheric circulation at longer lags. Hence, the study suggests another benchmark by which to test S2S dynamical prediction systems, including the importance for modeling stratosphere‐troposphere coupling dynamics correctly.
Tracking the Gust Fronts of Convective Cold Pools
Authors: Fournier Marielle B. , Haerter Jan O. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIt is increasingly acknowledged that cold pools can influence the initiation of new convective cells. Yet the full complexity of convective organization through cold pool interaction is poorly understood. This lack of understanding may partially be due to the intricacy of the dynamical pattern formed by precipitation cells and their cold pools. Additionally, how exactly cold pools interact is insufficiently known. To better understand this dynamics, we develop a tracking algorithm for cold pool gust fronts. Rather than tracking thermodynamic anomalies, which do not generally coincide with the gust front boundaries, our approach tracks the dynamical cold pool outflow. Our algorithm first determines the locus of the precipitation event. Second, relative to this origin and for each azimuthal bin, the steepest gradient in the near‐surface horizontal radial velocity vr is employed to determine the respective locus of the cold pool gust front edge. Steepest vr gradients imply largest updraft velocities, hence strongest dynamical triggering. Results are compared to a previous algorithm based on the steepest gradient in temperature—highlighting the benefit of the method described here in determining dynamically active gust front regions. Applying the method to a range of numerical experiments, the algorithm successfully tracks an ensemble of cold pools. A linear relation emerges between the peak rain intensity of a given event and maximal vr for its associated cold pool gust front—a relation found to be nearly independent of the specific sensitivity experiment.
Pianp deficiency links GABAB receptor signaling and hippocampal and cerebellar neuronal cell composition to autism-like behavior
Authors: Winkler Manuel , Biswas Siladitta , Berger Stefan M. , Küchler Moritz , Preisendörfer Laurens , Choo Myeongjeong , Früh Simon , Rem Pascal D. , Enkel Thomas , Arnold Bernd , Komljenovic Dorde , Sticht Carsten , Goerdt Sergij , Bettler Bernhard , von Bohlen und Halbach Oliver , Bartsch Dusan , Géraud Cyrill 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPianp (also known as Leda-1) is a type I transmembrane protein with preferential expression in the mammalian CNS. Its processing is characterized by proteolytic cleavage by a range of proteases including Adam10, Adam17, MMPs, and the γ-secretase complex. Pianp can interact with Pilrα and the GB1a subunit of the GABABreceptor (GBR) complex. A recent case description of a boy with global developmental delay and homozygous nonsense variant inPIANPsupports the hypothesis that PIANP is involved in the control of behavioral traits in mammals. To investigate the physiological functions of Pianp, constitutive, global knockout mice were generated and comprehensively analyzed. Broad assessment did not indicate malformation or malfunction of internal organs. In the brain, however, decreased sizes and altered cellular compositions of the dentate gyrus as well as the cerebellum, including a lower number of cerebellar Purkinje cells, were identified. Functionally, loss ofPianpled to impaired presynaptic GBR-mediated inhibition of glutamate release and altered gene expression in the cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus including downregulation ofErdr1, a gene linked to autism-like behavior. Behavioral phenotyping revealed thatPianpdeficiency leads to context-dependent enhanced anxiety and spatial learning deficits, an altered stress response, severely impaired social interaction, and enhanced repetitive behavior, which all represent characteristic features of an autism spectrum disorder-like phenotype. Altogether,Pianprepresents a novel candidate gene involved in autism-like behavior, cerebellar and hippocampal pathology, and GBR signaling.
CPAP promotes angiogenesis and metastasis by enhancing STAT3 activity
Authors: Chen Ruo-Yu , Yen Chia-Jui , Liu Yao-Wen , Guo Chun-Guo , Weng Chieh-Yu , Lai Chien-Hsien , Wang Ju-Ming , Lin Yih-Jyh , Hung Liang-Yi 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Centrosomal P4.1-associated protein (CPAP) is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and positively correlated with recurrence and vascular invasion. Here, we found that CPAP plays an important role in HCC malignancies. Functional characterization indicated that CPAP overexpression increases tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis ex vivo and in vivo. In addition, overexpressed CPAP contributes to sorafenib resistance. Mechanical investigation showed that the expression level of CPAP is positively correlated with activated STAT3 in HCC. CPAP acts as a transcriptional coactivator of STAT3 by directly binding with STAT3. Interrupting the interaction between CPAP and STAT3 attenuates STAT3-mediated tumor growth and angiogenesis. Overexpression of CPAP upregulates several STAT3 target genes such as IL-8 and CD44 that are involved in angiogenesis, and CPAP mRNA expression is positively correlated with the levels of both mRNAs in HCC. Knocked-down expression of CPAP impairs IL-6-mediated STAT3 activation, target gene expression, cell migration, and invasion abilities. IL-6/STAT3-mediated angiogenesis is significantly increased by CPAP overexpression and can be blocked by decreased expression of IL-8. Our findings not only shed light on the importance of CPAP in HCC malignancies, but also provide potential therapeutic strategies for inhibiting the angiogenesis pathway and treating metastatic HCC.
SREBP-1 inhibitor Betulin enhances the antitumor effect of Sorafenib on hepatocellular carcinoma via restricting cellular glycolytic activity
Authors: Yin Fan , Feng Fan , Wang Lei , Wang Xiaoning , Li Zongwei , Cao Yu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLipid metabolism that correlates tightly to the glucose metabolic regulation in malignant cells includes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. The transcription factor Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1 (SREBP-1), a regulator of fatty acid synthesis, has been shown to pivotally regulate the proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells. However, the intrinsic mechanism by which SREBP-1 regulates the survival of HCC cells remains unclear. In this study, among HCC patients who had dismal responses to Sorafenib, a high SREBP-1 level was found in the tumors and correlated to poor survival. This observation suggested the negative role of SREBP-1 in clinical HCC prognosis. Our mechanistical studies reveal that the inhibition of SREBP-1 via its inhibitor Betulin suppresses cellular glucose metabolism. In addition to the reduced glycolytic activity, a thwarted metastatic potential was observed in HCC cells upon Betulin administration. Moreover, our data show that SREBP-1 inhibition facilitated the antitumor effects of Sorafenib on HCC cells and xenograft tumors.
X-chromosome-linked miR548am-5p is a key regulator of sex disparity in the susceptibility to mitochondria-mediated apoptosis
Authors: Matarrese Paola , Tieri Paolo , Anticoli Simona , Ascione Barbara , Conte Maria , Franceschi Claudio , Malorni Walter , Salvioli Stefano , Ruggieri Anna 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSex dimorphism in cell response to stress has previously been investigated by different research groups. This dimorphism could be at least in part accounted for by sex-biased expression of regulatory elements such as microRNAs (miRs). In order to spot previously unknown miR expression differences we took advantage of prior knowledge on specialized databases to identify X chromosome-encoded miRs potentially escaping X chromosome inactivation (XCI). MiR-548am-5p emerged as potentially XCI escaper and was experimentally verified to be significantly up-regulated in human XX primary dermal fibroblasts (DFs) compared to XY ones. Accordingly, miR-548am-5p target mRNAs, e.g. the transcript for Bax, was differently modulated in XX and XY DFs. Functional analyses indicated that XY DFs were more prone to mitochondria-mediated apoptosis than XX ones. Experimentally induced overexpression of miR548am-5p in XY cells by lentivirus vector transduction decreased apoptosis susceptibility, whereas its down-regulation in XX cells enhanced apoptosis susceptibility. These data indicate that this approach could be used to identify previously unreported sex-biased differences in miR expression and that a miR identified with this approach, miR548am-5p, can account for sex-dependent differences observed in the susceptibility to mitochondrial apoptosis of human DFs.
miR-146a attenuates apoptosis and modulates autophagy by targeting TAF9b/P53 pathway in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity
Authors: Pan Jian-An , Tang Yong , Yu Jian-Ying , Zhang Hui , Zhang Jun-Feng , Wang Chang-Qian , Gu Jun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractClinical therapy of doxorubicin (DOX) is limited due to its cardiotoxicity. miR-146a was proved as a protective factor in many cardiovascular diseases, but its role in chronic DOX-induced cardiotoxicity is unclear. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the role of miR-146a in low-dose long-term DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Experiments have shown that DOX intervention caused a dose-dependent and time-dependent cardiotoxicity involving the increased of apoptosis and dysregulation of autophagy. The cardiotoxicity was inhibited by overexpressed miR-146a and was more severe when miR-146a was downgraded. Further research proved that miR-146a targeted TATA-binding protein (TBP) associated factor 9b (TAF9b), a coactivator and stabilizer of P53, indirectly destroyed the stability of P53, thereby inhibiting apoptosis and improving autophagy in cardiomyocytes. Besides, miR-146a knockout mice were used for in vivo validation. In the DOX-induced model, miR-146a deficiency made it worse whether in cardiac function, cardiomyocyte apoptosis or basal level of autophagy, than wild-type. In conclusion, miR-146a partially reversed the DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by targeting TAF9b/P53 pathway to attenuate apoptosis and adjust autophagy levels.
The molecular basis of chaperone-mediated interleukin 23 assembly control
Authors: Meier Susanne , Bohnacker Sina , Klose Carolin J. , Lopez Abraham , Choe Christian A. , Schmid Philipp W. N. , Bloemeke Nicolas , Rührnößl Florian , Haslbeck Martin , Bieren Julia Esser-von , Sattler Michael , Huang Po-Ssu , Feige Matthias J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe functionality of most secreted proteins depends on their assembly into a defined quaternary structure. Despite this, it remains unclear how cells discriminate unassembled proteins en route to the native state from misfolded ones that need to be degraded. Here we show how chaperones can regulate and control assembly of heterodimeric proteins, using interleukin 23 (IL-23) as a model. We find that the IL-23 α-subunit remains partially unstructured until assembly with its β-subunit occurs and identify a major site of incomplete folding. Incomplete folding is recognized by different chaperones along the secretory pathway, realizing reliable assembly control by sequential checkpoints. Structural optimization of the chaperone recognition site allows it to bypass quality control checkpoints and provides a secretion-competent IL-23α subunit, which can still form functional heterodimeric IL-23. Thus, locally-restricted incomplete folding within single-domain proteins can be used to regulate and control their assembly.
Extracellular nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase binds Toll like receptor 4 and mediates inflammation
Authors: Managò Antonella , Audrito Valentina , Mazzola Francesca , Sorci Leonardo , Gaudino Federica , Gizzi Katiuscia , Vitale Nicoletta , Incarnato Danny , Minazzato Gabriele , Ianniello Alice , Varriale Antonio , D’Auria Sabato , Mengozzi Giulio , Politano Gianfranco , Oliviero Salvatore , Raffaelli Nadia , Deaglio Silvia 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDamage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are molecules that can be actively or passively released by injured tissues and that activate the immune system. Here we show that nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase (NAPRT), detected by antibody-mediated assays and mass spectrometry, is an extracellular ligand for Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and a critical mediator of inflammation, acting as a DAMP. Exposure of human and mouse macrophages to NAPRT activates the inflammasome and NF-κB for secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, NAPRT enhances monocyte differentiation into macrophages by inducing macrophage colony-stimulating factor. These NAPRT-induced effects are independent of NAD-biosynthetic activity, but rely on NAPRT binding to TLR4. In line with our finding that NAPRT mediates endotoxin tolerance in vitro and in vivo, sera from patients with sepsis contain the highest levels of NAPRT, compared to patients with other chronic inflammatory conditions. Together, these data identify NAPRT as a endogenous ligand for TLR4 and a mediator of inflammation.
Substrate-integrated photonic doping for near-zero-index devices
Authors: Zhou Ziheng , Li Yue , Li Hao , Sun Wangyu , Liberal Iñigo , Engheta Nader 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNear-zero-index (NZI) media, a medium with near zero permittivity and/or permeability, exhibits unique wave phenomena and exciting potential for multiple applications. However, previous proof-of-concept realizations of NZI media based on bulky and expensive platforms are not easily compatible with low-cost and miniaturization demands. Here, we propose the method of substrate-integrated (SI) photonic doping, enabling the implementation of NZI media within a printed circuit board (PCB) integrated design. Additionally, the profile of the NZI device is reduced by half by using symmetries. We validate the concept experimentally by demonstrating NZI supercoupling in straight and curve substrate integrated waveguides, also validating properties of position-independent photonic doping, zero-phase advance and finite group delay. Based on this platform, we propose design of three NZI devices: a high-sensitivity dielectric sensor, an efficient acousto-microwave modulator, and an arbitrarily-curved ‘electric fiber’. Our results represent an important step forward in the development of NZI technologies for microwave/terahertz applications.