bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prosthetic Rehabilitation and Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation following Upper Limb Loss
Authors: Kubiak Carrie A. , Etra Joanna W. , Brandacher Gerald , Kemp Stephen W. P. , Kung Theodore A. , Lee W. P. Andrew , Cederna Paul S. 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Upper limb loss is a devastating condition with dramatic physical, psychological, financial, and social consequences. Improvements in the fields of prosthetics and vascularized composite allotransplantation have opened exciting new frontiers for treatment and rehabilitation following upper limb loss. Each modality offers a unique set of advantages and limitations with regard to the restoration of hand function following amputation.

Methods:
Presented in this article is a discussion outlining the complex considerations and decisions encountered when determining patient appropriateness for either prosthetic rehabilitation or vascularized composite allotransplantation following upper limb loss. In this review, the authors examine how psychosocial factors, nature of injury, rehabilitation course, functional outcomes, and risks and benefits may affect overall patient selection for either rehabilitative approach.

Results:
This review summarizes the current state of the literature. Advancements in both prosthetic and biological strategies demonstrate promise with regard to facilitating rehabilitation following upper limb loss. However, there remains a dearth of research directly comparing outcomes in prosthetic rehabilitation to that following upper extremity transplantation.

Conclusions:
Few studies have performed a direct comparison between patients undergoing vascularized composite allotransplantation and those undergoing prosthetic rehabilitation. Upper extremity transplantation and prosthetic reconstruction should not be viewed as competing options, but rather as two treatment modalities with different risk-to-benefit profiles and indications.
Evolution of Bandeau Shape, Orbital Morphology, and Craniofacial Twist after Fronto-Orbital Advancement for Isolated Unilateral Coronal Synostosis: A Case-Control Study of 2-Year Outcomes
Authors: Liu Mengyuan T. , Khechoyan David Y. , Susarla Srinivas M. , Skladman Rachel , Birgfeld Craig B. , Gruss Joseph S. , Lee Amy , Ellenbogen Richard G. , Pet Mitchell A. , Hopper Richard A. 
Published: July 2019

Background:
The authors’ purpose was to quantify the change in unicoronal synostosis symmetry between presentation (time 0), after fronto-orbital advancement (time 1), and 2 years later (time 2).

Methods:
Bandeau/orbital symmetry ratios and skull base/midface twists were measured on computed tomographic scans of consecutive isolated unicoronal synostosis patients. Comparisons were made across three time points and against normal controls.

Results:
Forty-three unicoronal synostosis patients and 36 controls were included. The mean bandeau ratio (symmetry = 1) changed from 0.76 (time 0), to 1.13 (time 1), and then to 1.01 (time 2). The median bandeau ratio change from time 1 to time 2 was −9.1 percent and was impacted by the degree of time 1 asymmetry. The odds of a desired symmetric or overcorrected result (bandeau ratio > 1.0) at time 2 were increased in patients with less severe preoperative asymmetry (OR, 4.2; p = 0.04) and in those who obtained symmetry or overcorrection at surgery (OR, 4.9; p = 0.02). Craniofacial twist did not significantly change after surgery but decreased at time 2. Orbital height ratios were 1.08, 1.00, and then 1.02 at time 2, respectively. The orbital width ratio was not significantly impacted by surgery, remaining at 0.89 at time 2.

Conclusions:
Overcorrection of the unicoronal synostosis bandeau resulted in these patients being five times more likely to have a desired result at time 2. Patients with a more severe brow presentation were four times more likely to be asymmetric at time 2. Orbital height was improved, but attention should be directed at addressing orbital width.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Risk, III.
Facial Recognition Technology: A Primer for Plastic Surgeons
Authors: Zuo Kevin J. , Saun Tomas J. , Forrest Christopher R. 
Published: July 2019

Summary:
The face is arguably the most unique and defining feature of the human body. From birth, humans are conditioned to perceive, interpret, and react to information conveyed by faces both familiar and unfamiliar. Although face recognition is routine for humans, only recently has it become possible for a computer to accurately recognize a human face in an image or video. With advances in artificial intelligence, image capture technology, and Internet connectivity, facial recognition technology has entered the forefront of personal and commercial technology. Plastic surgeons should be prepared to answer questions from patients about the fundamentals of facial recognition technology, and the potential effects of plastic surgery on facial recognition technology performance. This article provides an overview of facial recognition technology, describes its present applications, discusses its relevance within the field of plastic surgery, and provides recommendations for plastic surgeons to consider during preoperative discussions with patients.
A Pro-Diabetogenic mtDNA Polymorphism in the Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide, MOTS-c
Authors: Zempo Hirofumi , Kim Su-Jeong , Fuku Noriyuki , Nishida Yuichiro , Higaki Yasuki , Wan Junxiang , Yen Kelvin , Miller Brendan , Vicinanza Roberto , Miyamoto-Mikami Eri , Kumagai Hiroshi , Naito Hisashi , Xiao Jialin , Mehta Hemal H. , Lee Changhan , Hara Megumi , Patel Yesha M. , Setiawan Veronica W. , Moore Timothy M. , Hevener Andrea L. , Sutoh Yoichi , Shimizu Atsushi , Kojima Kaname , Kinoshita Kengo , Tanaka Keitaro , Cohen Pinchas 
Published: July 2019

AbstractType 2 Diabetes (T2D) is an emerging public health problem in Asia. An Asian mitochondrial DNA variation m.1382A>C (rs111033358) leads to a K14Q amino acid replacement in MOTS-c, an insulin sensitizing mitochondrial-derived peptide. Meta-analysis of three cohorts (n=27,527, J-MICC, MEC, and TMM) showed that males but not females with the C-allele exhibit a higher prevalence of T2D. Furthermore, in J-MICC, only males with the C-allele in the lowest tertile of physical activity increased their prevalence of T2D, demonstrating a kinesio-genomic interaction. High-fat fed, male mice injected with MOTS-c showed reduced weight and improved glucose tolerance, but not K14Q-MOTS-c treated mice. Like the human data, female mice were unaffected. Mechanistically, K14Q-MOTS-c leads to diminished insulin-sensitizationin vitro. Thus, the m.1382A>C polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to T2D in men, possibly interacting with exercise, and contributing to the risk of T2D in sedentary males by reducing the activity of MOTS-c.
Evaluation of direct grafting strategies in Expansion Microscopy
Authors: Wen Gang , Vanheusden Marisa , Acke Aline , Vali Donato , Mayer Simon Finn , Neely Robert K. , Leen Volker , Hofkens Johan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHigh resolution fluorescence microscopy is a key tool in the elucidation of biological fine-structure, providing insights into the distribution and interactions of biomolecular systems down to the nanometer scale. Expansion microscopy is a recently developed approach to achieving nanoscale resolution in optical imaging. In the experiment, biological samples are embedded in a hydrogel, which is isotropicaly swollen. This physically pulls labels apart, allowing more of them to be resolved. However, in the gelation and swelling process, two factors combine to reduce the signal in the final image; signal dilution and the polymerization reaction, which can damage some fluorophores. Here, we show a chemical linking approach that allows covalent grafting of biomolecular target and reporter in expansion microscopy. Through the combination of a targeting ligand, a reporter moiety and a polymerizable group in a single linker, complex constructs can be prepared in a single, labelling step. We show application of this new series of molecules in the targeting of the cell cytoskeleton, a first example of lipid membranes in expansion microscopy; direct immunostaining with primary and secondary antibodies, and direct grafting of ISH probes and signal amplification initiators (HCR and RollFISH). Our probes allow direct, multiplexed targeting of the cellular blueprint and enable a range of novel imaging approaches in combination with expansion microscopy.
Recent evolutionary history of tigers highlights contrasting roles of genetic drift and selection
Authors: Armstrong Ellie E. , Khan Anubhab , Taylor Ryan W , Gouy Alexandre , Greenbaum Gili , Thiéry Alexandre , Kang Jonathan TL , Redondo Sergio A. , Prost Stefan , Barsh Gregory , Kaelin Christopher , Phalke Sameer , Chugani Anup , Gilbert Martin , Miquelle Dale , Zachariah Arun , Borthakur Udayan , Reddy Anuradha , Louis Edward , Ryder Oliver A. , Jhala Y V , Petrov Dmitri , Excoffier Laurent , Hadly Elizabeth , Ramakrishnan Uma 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFormulating strategies for species conservation requires knowledge of evolutionary and genetic history. Tigers are among the most charismatic of endangered species and garner significant conservation attention. However, the evolutionary history and genomic variation of tigers remain poorly known. With 70% of the worlds wild tigers living in India, such knowledge is critical for tiger conservation. We re-sequenced 65 individual tiger genomes across their extant geographic range, representing most extant subspecies with a specific focus on tigers from India. As suggested by earlier studies, we found strong genetic differentiation between the putative tiger subspecies. Despite high total genomic diversity in India, individual tigers host longer runs of homozygosity, potentially suggesting recent inbreeding, possibly because of small and fragmented protected areas. Surprisingly, demographic models suggest recent divergence (within the last 10,000 years) between populations, and strong population bottlenecks. Amur tiger genomes revealed the strongest signals of selection mainly related to metabolic adaptation to cold, while Sumatran tigers show evidence of evolving under weak selection for genes involved in body size regulation. Depending on conservation objectives, our results support the isolation of Amur and Sumatran tigers, while geneflow between Malayan and South Asian tigers may be considered. Further, the impacts of ongoing connectivity loss on the health and persistence of tigers in India should be closely monitored.
Speaking in the brain: The interaction between words and syntax in producing sentences
Authors: Takashima Atsuko , Konopka Agnieszka , Meyer Antje , Hagoort Peter , Weber Kirsten 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis neuroimaging study investigated the neural infrastructure of sentence-level language production. We compared brain activation patterns, as measured with BOLD-fMRI, during production of sentences which differed in verb argument structures (intransitives, transitives, ditransitives) and the lexical status of the verb (known verbs or pseudo-verbs). An example for the type of sentence to be produced started a mini-block of six sentences with the same structure. For each trial, participants were first given the (pseudo-)verb followed by three geometric shapes to serve as verb arguments in the sentences. Production of sentences with known verbs yielded greater activation compared to those with pseudo-verbs in the core language network of left inferior frontal gyrus, the left posterior middle temporal gyrus, and a more posterior middle temporal region extending into the angular gyrus (LpMTG/AG), analogous to effects observed in language comprehension. Increasing the number of verb arguments led to greater activation in an overlapping left pMTG/AG area, particularly for known verbs, as well as in the bilateral precuneus. Thus, producing sentences with more complex structures using existing verbs lead to increased activation in the language network, suggesting some reliance on memory retrieval of stored lexical-syntactic information during sentence production. This study thus provides evidence from sentence-level language production in line with functional models of the language network that have so far been mainly based on single word production, comprehension and processing in aphasia.
Beta-driven closed-loop deep brain stimulation can compromise human motor behavior in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Iturrate Iñaki , Martin Stephanie , Chavarriaga Ricardo , Orset Bastien , Leeb Robert , Sobolewski Aleksander , Pralong Etienne , Castro-Jiménez Mayte , Benninger David , Bloch Jocelyne , Millán José del R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractClosed-loop or adaptive deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson’s Disease (PD) has shown comparable clinical improvements to continuous stimulation, yet with less stimulation times and side effects. In this form of control, stimulation is driven by pathological beta oscillations recorded from the subthalamic nucleus, which have been shown to correlate with PD motor symptoms. An important consideration is that beta activity is itself modulated during volitional movements, yet it is unknown the impact that these volitional modulations may have on the efficacy of closed-loop systems. Here, three PD patients performed a functional reaching task during closed-loop stimulation while we measured their motor behavior. Our results show that closed-loop stimulation can alter motor performance at distinct movement intervals. Of particular relevance, closed-loop DBS compromised behavior during the returning period by increasing the amount of submovements executed, and in turn delayed movement termination. Following these findings, we hypothesize that the use of machine learning decoding different movement intervals to fully switch off the stimulator may be beneficial, and present here an exemplary approach decoding the initiation of the movement returning interval above chance level. These findings highlight the importance of evaluating these systems during functional tasks, and the need of extracting more robust biomarkers encoding ongoing symptoms or tasks execution intervals.
How sensitive is functional connectivity to electrode resampling on intracranial EEG? Implications for personalized network models in drug-resistant epilepsy
Authors: Conrad Erin C. , Bernabei John M. , Kini Lohith G. , Shah Preya , Mikhail Fadi , Kheder Ammar , Shinohara Russell T. , Davis Kathryn A. , Bassett Danielle S. , Litt Brian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFocal epilepsy is a clinical condition arising from disordered brain networks. Network models hold promise to map these networks, localize seizure generators, and inform targeted interventions to control seizures. However, incomplete sampling of epileptic brain due to sparse placement of intracranial electrodes may profoundly affect model results. In this study, we evaluate the robustness of several published network measures applied to intracranial electrode recordings and propose an algorithm, using network resampling, to determine confidence in model results. We retrospectively subsampled intracranial EEG data from 28 patients who were implanted with grid, strip, and depth electrodes during evaluation for epilepsy surgery. We recalculated global and local network metrics after both randomly and systematically resampling subsets of intracranial EEG electrode contacts. We found that sensitivity to incomplete sampling varied significantly across network metrics, and that this sensitivity was independent of the distance of removed contacts from the seizure onset zone. We present an algorithm, using random resampling, to compute patient-specific confidence intervals for network localizations on both global and nodal network statistics. Our findings highlight the difference in robustness between commonly used network metrics and provide tools to assess confidence in intracranial network localization. We present these techniques as an important step toward assessing the accuracy of intracranial electrode implants and translating personalized network models of seizures into rigorous, quantitative approaches to invasive therapy.
A computational framework for a Lyapunov-enabled analysis of biochemical reaction networks
Authors: Ali Al-Radhawi M. , Angeli David , Sontag Eduardo D. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractComplex molecular biological processes such as transcription and translation, signal transduction, post-translational modification cascades, and metabolic pathways can be described in principle by biochemical reactions that explicitly take into account the sophisticated network of chemical interactions regulating cell life. The ability to deduce the possible qualitative behaviors of such networks from a set of reactions is a central objective and an ongoing challenge in the field of systems biology. Unfortunately, the construction of complete mathematical models is often hindered by a pervasive problem: despite the wealth of qualitative graphical knowledge about network interactions, the form of the governing nonlinearities and/or the values of kinetic constants are hard to uncover experimentally. The kinetics can also change with environmental variations.This work addresses the following question: given a set of reactions and without assuming a particular form for the kinetics, what can we say about the asymptotic behavior of the network? Specifically, it introduces a class of networks that are “structurally (mono) attractive” meaning that they are incapable of exhibiting multiple steady states, oscillation, or chaos by virtue of their reaction graphs. These networks are characterized by the existence of a universal energy-like function called aRobust Lyapunov function(RLF). To find such functions, a finite set of rank-one linear systems is introduced, which form the extremals of a linear convex cone. The problem is then reduced to that of finding a common Lyapunov function for this set of extremals. Based on this characterization, a computational package, Lyapunov-Enabled Analysis of Reaction Networks (LEARN), is provided that constructs such functions or rules out their existence.An extensive study of biochemical networks demonstrates thatLEARNoffers a new unified framework. Basic motifs, three-body binding, and genetic networks are studied first. The work then focuses on cellular signalling networks including various post-translational modification cascades, phosphotransfer and phosphorelay networks, T-cell kinetic proofreading, and ERK signalling. The Ribosome Flow Model is also studied.Author summaryA theoretical and computational framework is developed for the identification of biochemical networks that are “structurally attractive”. This means that they only allow global point attractors and they cannot exhibit any other asymptotic behavior such as multi-stability, oscillations, or chaos for any choice of the kinetics. They are characterized by the existence of energy-like functions. A computational package is made available for usage by a wider community. Many relevant networks in molecular biology satisfy the assumptions, and some are analyzed for the first time.
Effect of supply chain management practices on customer development and start-up performance
Authors: Amedofu Mawuli , Asamoah David , Agyei-Owusu Benjamin 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The number of entrepreneurial start-ups operating in developing countries has grown tremendously in recent years. However, research suggests that most start-ups in developing countries fail shortly after becoming operational. The purpose of this paper explores how supply chain management (SCM) practices may enhance the performance of start-ups in developing countries.

Design/methodology/approach
The study develops and empirically tests a research model which explores the effect of SCM practices on customer development and start-up performance. A survey of 300 start-ups operating in Ghana was conducted, with 72 usable responses obtained. The research model was analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling.

Findings
The results confirmed the positive impact of SCM practices on customer development and start-up performance. Customer development was also found to positively impact start-up performance. Additionally, a partial mediation role of customer development on relationship between SCM practices and start-up performance was observed.

Originality/value
To the best of the researchers’ knowledge, this is the first study that empirically explores the effects of SCM practices on the performance of start-ups. This is also the first study that examines the effect of SCM practices on customer development to the best of the researchers’ knowledge.
Top management characteristics and intellectual capital performance in small Italian companies
Authors: Ginesti Gianluca 
Published: July 2019

PurposeThis study aims to explore the relationship between top management characteristics and intellectual capital (IC) performance of small companies.Design/methodology/approachThis research offers an empirical investigation into a unique sample of 135 small Italian companies, which have been recognised as meeting legal values. This study uses a regression analysis to test whether CEO age, CEO connections and management team size affect IC performance.FindingsCompanies managed by CEOs with higher levels of connections and with a greater number of managers exhibit improved IC performance. In addition, this study provides evidence that companies with older CEOs demonstrate better IC efficiency.Research limitations/implicationsThis study does not consider all top management-specific factors and incentives that may affect IC performance and uses a limited sample of companies.Practical implicationsThis study suggests that increased network activity and larger management teams are beneficial for small companies to improve the efficiency of IC used.Originality/valueThe work offers novel empirical evidence to understand what governance and management-specific factors affect the efficiency in managing IC assets in small companies.
Competitive intelligence practice in liquor retailing: evidence from a longitudinal case analysis
Authors: Priporas Constantinos Vasilios 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
Competitive intelligence (CI) is a vital tool for any company to survive and remain competitive in today’s hypercompetitive and uncertain business environment. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the use of CI in liquor retailing in the USA.

Design/methodology/approach
An exploratory single longitudinal case study was performed through observation and semi-structured interviews plus examining documents from secondary sources in two phases. Content analysis was used for the data analysis.

Findings
Regardless of the small size of the company, the owner has an active attitude toward monitoring competition by using various sources of information and converting it into intelligence for making sound decisions for both short-term and long-term competitiveness. Also, the central role of the owner in the CI process has been verified.

Originality/value
This study responds to calls for more case studies in the field and is the first one to explore CI in the liquor retailing ecosystem by using a longitudinal case study. In general, studies of CI in retailing are limited. It has clear value to CI practices for retailers in the USA and in general.