bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health Care Simulation in Developing Countries and Low-Resource Situations
Authors: Martinerie Laetitia , Rasoaherinomenjanahary Fanjandrainy , Ronot Maxime , Fournier Pierre , Dousset Bertrand , Tesnière Antoine , Mariette Christophe , Gaujoux Sébastien , Gronnier Caroline 
Published: August 2018

Introduction:
Health care simulation, as a complement to traditional learning, has spread widely and seems to benefit both students and patients. The teaching methods involved in health care simulation require substantial human, logistical, and financial investments that might preclude their spread in developing countries. The aim of this study was to analyze the health care simulation experiences in developing countries.

Methods:
A comprehensive literature search was performed from January 2000 to December 2016. Articles reporting studies on educational health care simulation in developing countries were included.

Results:
In total, 1161 publications were retrieved, of which 156 were considered eligible based on title and abstract screening. Thirty articles satisfied our predefined selection criteria. Most of the studies were case series; 76.7% (23/30) were prospective and comparative, and five were randomized trials. The development of dedicated task trainers and telesimulation were the primary techniques assessed. The retrieved studies showed encouraging trends in terms of trainee satisfaction with improvement after training, but the improvements were mainly tested on the training tool itself. Two of the tools have been proven to be construct valid with clinical impact.

Conclusion:
Health care simulation in developing countries seems feasible with encouraging results. Higher-quality studies are required to assess the educational value and promote the development of health care simulation programs.
Ultrashort Time-to-Echo Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 3 T for the Detection of Spondylolysis in Cadaveric Spines
Authors: Finkenstaedt Tim , Siriwanarangsun Palanan , Achar Suraj , Carl Michael , Finkenstaedt Sina , Abeydeera Nirusha , Chung Christine B. , Bae Won C. 
Published: August 2018

Objectives
The objective of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance and confidence of conventional, optimized, and ultrashort time to echo (UTE) magnetic resonance (MR) protocols for detection of simulated lumbar spondylolysis in human cadavers. In addition, we sought to demonstrate the feasibility of the UTE technique in subjects with and without spondylolysis.

Materials and Methods
Four human lumbar spine specimens with 46 individual pars interarticularis were randomly left intact (n = 26) or received experimental osteotomy (n = 20) using a microsurgical saw to simulate spondylolysis. The specimens were imaged using a computed tomography (CT) scan along with 3 “Tiers” of MR protocols at 3 T: Tier 1, conventional lumbar MR protocol; Tier 2, optimized conventional protocol consisting of a sagittal oblique spoiled gradient recall echo and axial oblique T1 and short tau inversion recovery sequences; and Tier 3, a sagittal UTE MR sequence. Two blinded readers evaluated the images using a 4-point scale (1 = spondylolysis certainly absent, 2 = probably absent, 3 = probably present, 4 = certainly present) at each individual pars. For each imaging protocol, diagnostic performance (sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, using the surgical osteotomy as the reference) and confidence were assessed and compared using the McNemar test. Furthermore, 2 human subjects were imaged with the conventional and UTE MR protocols to demonstrate feasibility in vivo.

Results
Diagnostic performance was moderate for Tiers 1 and 2, with a moderate sensitivity (0.70 to 0.75) and high (1.00) specificity. In contrast, CT and Tier 3 UTE MR imaging had both high sensitivity (1.00) and specificity (1.00). The sensitivities of CT or Tier 3 were statistically greater than Tier 1 sensitivity (P = 0.041) and neared statistical significance when compared with Tier 2 sensitivity (P = 0.074). Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was also significantly greater for CT and Tier 3 (each area = 1.00), compared with the areas for Tier 1 (0.89, P = 0.037) or Tier 2 (0.873, P = 0.024). Diagnostic confidences of CT or Tier 3 were much greater than other Tiers: Both Tiers 1 and 2 had a large percentage of uncertain (>60%, P < 0.001) or wrong interpretations (>10%, P < 0.001), unlike CT or Tier 3 (0% uncertain or wrong interpretations). Preliminary in vivo UTE images clearly depicted intact and fractured pars.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrated that the detection of pars fractures using a single sagittal UTE MR sequence is superior in performance and confidence to conventional and optimized MR protocols at 3 T, whereas matching those from CT evaluation. Furthermore, we demonstrated the feasibility of in vivo application of the UTE sequence in subjects with and without spondylolysis.
Diffusion Tensor Imaging of Healthy Skeletal Muscles
Authors: Giraudo Chiara , Motyka Stanislav , Weber Michael , Feiweier Thorsten , Trattnig Siegfried , Bogner Wolfgang 
Published: August 2018

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess and compare the overall performance, reliability, variability, as well as the accuracy of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and fiber tracking metrics, for the muscles of the calf at 3 T and 7 T.

Materials and Methods
Ten volunteers (5 males; mean age, 29.1 ± 4.7 years), with no history of muscle disease, were examined twice at 3 T and 7 T, using a stimulated-echo acquisition mode DTI sequence. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and DTI metrics (track numbers [trn], length [trl], volume [trv], fractional anisotropy [FA], mean [MD], axial [AD], and radial diffusivity [RD]) of the whole-calf muscles, the tibialis anterior, the gastrocnemius medialis, the gastrocnemius lateralis, and the soleus were collected. The Student t test was used to compare SNR and DTI metrics obtained at 3 T and 7 T. The coefficients of variation and the intraclass correlation coefficients were derived to assess the variability and the reliability of the DTI measurements at 3 T and 7 T. To further assess the accuracy of the measurements, the absolute difference was computed for each DTI metric at 3 T and 7 T and then compared (Student t test). The applied level of significance for all the statistical analyses was P < 0.05.

Results
As expected, the SNR was higher at 7 T than at 3 T (+111%; P < 0.001). At 7 T, the tracked fibers of the whole calf muscles, the gastrocnemii, and the soleus were more numerous (trn +5.5%, +3.1%, +8.5%, and +15.1%, respectively), longer (trl +13.1%, +18.8%, +19.3%, and +33.3%, respectively), and showed a greater volume (trv +12.1%, +12.2%, +14.7%, and +15.7%, respectively) than at 3 T (P < 0.05 each). The soleus demonstrated higher FA (+14.3%), lower MD (−1.7%), AD (−1.9%), and RD (−2%) at 7 T than at 3 T (P < 0.05 each), whereas the other muscles showed more heterogeneous results. The coefficients of variation were good (ie, <10%) for all DTI metrics at both 3 T and 7 T. The intraclass correlation coefficient was excellent (>0.750) at 7 T and 3 T for several DTI metrics, such as the trn of the gastrocnemii and the soleus, the trv of the gastrocnemii, the FA of the whole-calf muscles, gastrocnemius medialis, tibialis anterior, and soleus, and the RD of all investigated muscles (ie, whole-calf muscles, gastrocnemii, tibialis anterior, and soleus). There were no significant differences between the 2 consecutive measurements with each device, except for the trn of the whole-calf muscles and the FA of the gastrocnemius lateralis (higher mean absolute difference at 3 T and 7 T, respectively; P < 0.05 each).

Conclusions
Despite the numerous challenges associated with DTI of the muscles, both 3 T and 7 T demonstrated reliable and precise results.
Surgical Treatment of Anterior Sinus Wall Fracture Due to Sports Accident
Authors: Hadad Henrique , Cervantes Lara Cristina Cunha , Silva Raquel Barroso Parra da , Junger Bruna , Gonçalves Paulo Zupelari , Fabris André Luis da Silva , Júnior Idelmo Rangel Garcia 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Frontal bone fractures represent a low percentage of craniofacial fractures. However, a systematic approach and a correct diagnosis are essential for successful treatment and maintenance of physiology of the frontal sinus and late complications. The purpose of this study was to report a clinical patient with anterior wall fracture of the frontal due to sports accident sinus that was surgically treated.
The Supratarsal Approach for Correction of Anterior Frontal Bone Fractures
Authors: Alinasab Babak , Fridman-Bengtsson Ola , Sunnergren Ola , Stjärne Pär 
Published: August 2018

Background:
To approach isolated anterior frontal bone fracture, coronal incision is the common surgical access of choice. This approach has complications such as aesthetically undesirable scarring and alopecia along the incision line. An alternative approach to these fractures is through a supratarsal incision. The aim of the present study was to correct the frontal bone fracture, through supratarsal approach.

Methods:
Six consecutive patients with frontal bone fracture were operated through supratarsal incision and evaluated regarding: patient cosmetic satisfaction, forehead contour, scarring, sensibility and motility in forehead and upper eyelids.

Results:
Seven months (6–12) postoperatively, all the patients had normal mobility in the forehead and the upper eyelids and 17% (n = 1) had hypoesthesia of superior orbital nerve. The forehead contour was excellent in all patients. About 83% (n = 5) of the patients were very satisfied and 17% (n = 1) were satisfied with the surgical result.

Conclusion:
Correction of anterior frontal bone fracture through a supratarsal approach appears to be safe and offers a sufficient exposure to the frontal bone fracture correction with excellent contouring results and no noticeable scarring.
Age of onset in genetic prion disease and the design of preventive clinical trials
Authors: Minikel Eric Vallabh , Vallabh Sonia M , Orseth Margaret C , Brandel Jean-Philippe , Haïk Stéphane , Laplanche Jean-Louis , Zerr Inga , Parchi Piero , Capellari Sabina , Safar Jiri , Kenny Janna , Fong Jamie C , Takada Leonel T , Ponto Claudia , Hermann Peter , Knipper Tobias , Stehmann Christiane , Kitamoto Tetsuyuki , Ae Ryusuke , Hamaguchi Tsuyoshi , Sanjo Nobuo , Tsukamoto Tadashi , Mizusawa Hidehiro , Collins Steven J , Chiesa Roberto , Roiter Ignazio , Pedro-Cuesta Jesús de , Calero Miguel , Geschwind Michael D , Yamada Masahito , Nakamura Yosikazu , Mead Simon 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRegulatory agencies worldwide have adopted programs to facilitate drug development for diseases where the traditional approach of a randomized trial with a clinical endpoint is expected to be prohibitively lengthy or difficult. Here we provide quantitative evidence that this criterion is met for the prevention of genetic prion disease. We assemble age of onset or death data fromN=1,094 individuals with high penetrance mutations in the prion protein gene (PRNP), generate survival and hazard curves, and estimate statistical power for clinical trials. We show that, due to dramatic and unexplained variability in age of onset, randomized preventive trials would require hundreds or thousands of at-risk individuals in order to be statistically powered for an endpoint of clinical onset, posing prohibitive cost and delay and likely exceeding the number of individuals available for such trials. Instead, the characterization of biomarkers suitable to serve as surrogate endpoints will be essential for the prevention of genetic prion disease. Biomarker-based trials may require post-marketing studies to confirm clinical benefit. Parameters such as longer trial duration, increased enrollment, and the use of historical controls in a post-marketing study could provide opportunities for subsequent determination of clinical benefit.
Successful optimization of reconstruction parameters in structured illumination microscopy – a practical guide
Authors: Karras C. , Smedh M. , Förster R. , Deschout H. , Fernandez-Rodriguez J. , Heintzmann R. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe impact of the different reconstruction parameters in super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (SIM) onto artifacts is carefully analyzed. They comprise the Wiener filter parameter, an apodization function, zero-frequency suppression and modifications of the optical transfer function. A detailed investigation of the reconstructed image spectrum is concluded to be suitable for identifying artifacts. For this purpose, two samples, an artificial test slide and a more realistic biological system, were used to characterize the artifact classes and their correlation with the image spectra as well as the reconstruction parameters. In addition, a guideline for efficient parameter optimization is suggested and the implementation of the parameters in selected up-to-date processing packages (proprietary and open-source) is depicted.
Novel Method for Viability Assessment ofBifidobacterium longumATCC 15707 on Non-dairy Foods during drying
Authors: Min Min , Mason Susan L. , Bennett Grant N. , Hussain Malik A. , Bunt Craig R. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTThis study demonstrates a new technique for separating and purifying viable microbes from samples that interfere with viability staining. The viability ofBifidobacterium longumATCC 15707 was assessed using PBDC to separate bacteria from complex non-dairy food matrices and Quantitative Fluorescence Microscopy (QFM) to determine individual cells using LIVE/DEADBacLight bacterial viability staining. Water agar (3%) was used to retain cells ofB. longumand offered a lower fluorescence background withBacLight viability staining, compared with fixation on polycarbonate (PC) black membrane. The effect of drying temperatures and non-dairy foods on viability ofB. longumwas assessed.B. longumcoated on oat, peanut or raisin was separated by filtration, low- and high-speed centrifugation, flotation and sedimentation buoyant density centrifugation. Purified cells were subsequently deposited on water agar for rehydration followed by LIVE/DEADBacLight viability staining and enumeration. Conventional plate counting was also conducted to compare viability results. Finally, the applicability of this novel method for viability assessment was demonstrated and informative information of cell membrane damages ofB. longumincorporated onto non-dairy foods during 24 h drying was observed. Viability assessment ofB. longumcoated onto oat, peanut, or raisin was much lower by plate counting compared to viability staining. Drying appeared to have a greater impact when viability was assessed by plate counting compared to viability staining.IMPORTANCEEnumeration of viable beneficial bacteria from function foods presents a significant bottle neck for product development and quality control. Interference with microscopic and/or fluorescent techniques by ingredients, time required to incubate plated microbes, and the transient nature of the colony forming unit make rapid assessment of viable bacteria difficult. Viability assessment ofBifidobacterium longumATCC 15707 by Percoll Buoyant Density Gradient Centrifugation with LIVE/DEADBacLight viability staining on water agar (3%) was in agreement with serial dilution enumeration. Without the need for incubation viability assessment by staining provided a more rapid means to assess the impact of drying on the viability ofB. longumcoated onto oat, peanut or raisin.
Cellular and Synaptic Phenotype Compensations Limit Circuit Disruption inFmr1-KOMouse Layer 4 Barrel Cortex but Fail to Prevent Deficits in Information Processing
Authors: Domanski Aleksander P.F. , Booker Sam A. , Wyllie David J.A. , Isaac John T.R. , Kind Peter C. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSensory hypersensitivity is a common and debilitating feature of neurodevelopmental disorders such as Fragile X Syndrome (FXS). However, how developmental changes in neuronal function ultimately culminate in the network dysfunction that underlies sensory hypersensitivities is not known. To address this, we studied the layer 4 barrel cortex circuit inFmr1knockout mice, a critical sensory processing circuit in this mouse model of FXS. By systematically studying cellular and synaptic properties of layer 4 neurons and combining with cellular and network simulations, we explored how the array of phenotypes inFmr1knockout produce circuit pathology during development that result in sensory processing dysfunction. We show that many of the cellular and synaptic pathologies inFmr1knockout mice are antagonistic, mitigating circuit dysfunction, and hence can be regarded as compensatory to the primary pathology. Despite this compensation, the layer 4 network in theFmr1knockout exhibits significant alterations in spike output in response to ascending thalamocortical input that we show results in impaired sensory encoding. We suggest that it is this developmental loss of layer 4 sensory encoding precision that drives subsequent developmental alterations in layer 4 – layer 2/3 connectivity and plasticity observed in theFmr1knockout, and is a critical process producing sensory hypersensitivity.
Zfp189 Mediates Stress Resilience Through a CREB-Regulated Transcriptional Network in Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Lorsch Zachary S. , Hamilton Peter J. , Ramakrishnan Aarthi , Parise Eric M. , Wright William J. , Salery Marine , Lepack Ashley , Mews Philipp , Issler Orna , McKenzie Andrew , Zhou Xianxiao , Parise Lyonna F. , Pirpinias Stephen T , Torres Idelisse Ortiz , Montgomery Sarah , Loh Yong-Hwee Eddie , Labonté Benoit , Conkey Andrew , Symonds Ann E. , Neve Rachael , Turecki Gustavo , Maze Ian , Dong Yan , Zhang Bin , Shen Li , Bagot Rosemary C. , Nestler Eric J. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryStress resilience involves numerous brain-wide transcriptional changes. Determining the organization and orchestration of these transcriptional events may reveal novel antidepressant targets, but this remains unexplored. Here, we characterize the resilient transcriptome with co-expression analysis and identify a single transcriptionally-active uniquely-resilient gene network. Zfp189, a previously unstudied zinc finger protein, is the top network key driver and its overexpression in prefrontal cortical (PFC) neurons preferentially activates this network, alters neuronal activity and promotes behavioral resilience. CREB, which binds Zfp189, is the top upstream regulator of this network. To probe CREB-Zfp189 interactions as a network regulatory mechanism, we employ CRISPR-mediated locus-specific transcriptional reprogramming to direct CREB selectively to the Zfp189 promoter. This single molecular interaction in PFC neurons recapitulates the pro-resilient Zfp189-dependent downstream effects on gene network activity, electrophysiology and behavior. These findings reveal an essential role for Zfp189 and a CREB-Zfp189 regulatory axis in mediating a central transcriptional network of resilience.
Higher-order discrimination learning by honey bees in a virtual environment
Authors: Buatois Alexis , Laroche Lou , Avarguès-Weber Aurore , Giurfa Martin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractNon-elemental learning constitutes a cognitive challenge because, contrary to elemental learning forms, it does not rely on simple associations, as events to be learned are usually ambiguous in terms of reinforcement outcome. Negative patterning constitutes a paradigmatic case of non-elemental learning, as subjects have to learn that single elements A and B are reinforced while their conjunctive representation AB is not reinforced (A+, B+ vs. AB-). Solving this problem requires treating the compound AB as being different from the linear sum of its components in order to overcome stimulus ambiguity (A+/A- and B+/B-). The honey bee is the only insect capable of mastering negative patterning as shown by numerous studies restricted mainly to the olfactory domain. Here we studied the capacity of bees to solve a negative patterning discrimination in the visual domain and used to this end a virtual reality (VR) environment in which a tethered bee walking stationary on a treadmill faces visual stimuli projected on a semicircular screen. Stimuli are updated by the bee’s movements, thus creating an immersive environment. Bees were trained to discriminate single-colored gratings rewarded with sucrose solution (blue, green; A+, B+) from a non-rewarded composite grating (blue-green, AB-). Bees learned this discrimination in the VR environment and inhibited to this end linear processing of the composite grating, which otherwise is treated as the sum of its components. Our results show for the first time mastering of a non-linear visual discrimination in a VR environment by honey bees, thus highlighting the value of VR for the study of cognition in insects.
Study of Oak Ridge soils using BONCAT-FACS-Seq reveals that a large fraction of the soil microbiome is active
Authors: Couradeau Estelle , Sasse Joelle , Goudeau Danielle , Nath Nandita , Hazen Terry C. , Bowen Benjamin P. , Malmstrom Rex R. , Northen Trent R. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe ability to link soil microbial diversity to soil processes requires technologies that differentiate active subpopulations of microbes from so-called relic DNA and dormant cells. Measures of microbial activity based on various techniques including DNA labelling have suggested that most cells in soils are inactive, a fact that has been difficult to reconcile with observed high levels of bulk soil activities. We hypothesized that measures of in situ DNA synthesis may be missing the soil microbes that are metabolically active but not replicating, and we therefore applied BONCAT (Bioorthogonal Non Canonical Amino Acid Tagging) i.e. a proxy for activity that does not rely on cell division, to measure translationally active cells in soils. We compared the active population of two soil depths from Oak Ridge (TN) incubated under the same conditions for up to seven days. Depending on the soil, a maximum of 25 – 70% of the cells were active, accounting for 3-4 million cells per gram of soil type, which is an order of magnitude higher than previous estimates. The BONCAT positive cell fraction was recovered by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) and identified by 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. The diversity of the active fraction was a selected subset of the bulk soil community. Excitingly, some of the same members of the community were recruited at both depths independently from their abundance rank. On average, 86% of sequence reads recovered from the active community shared >97% sequence similarity with cultured isolates from the field site. Our observations are in line with a recent report that, of the few taxa that are both abundant and ubiquitous in soil, 45% are also cultured – and indeed some of these ubiquitous microorganisms were found to be translationally active. The use of BONCAT on soil microbiomes provides evidence that a large portion of the soil microbes can be active simultaneously. We conclude that BONCAT coupled to FACS and sequencing is effective for interrogating the active fraction of soil microbiomes in situ and provides new perspectives to link metabolic capacity to overall soil ecological traits and processes.