bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting p75 neurotrophin receptors ameliorates spinal cord injury‐induced detrusor sphincter dyssynergia in mice
Authors: Zabbarova Irina V. , Ikeda Youko , Carder Evan J. , Wipf Peter , Wolf‐Johnston Amanda S. , Birder Lori A. , Yoshimura Naoki , Getchell Samuel E. , Almansoori Khalifa , Tyagi Pradeep , Fry Christopher H. , Drake Marcus J. , Kanai Anthony J. 
Published: May 2018

AimsTo determine the role of p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) and the therapeutic effect of the selective small molecule p75NTR modulator, LM11A‐31, in spinal cord injury (SCI) induced lower urinary tract dysfunction (LTUD) using a mouse model.MethodsAdult female T8‐T9 transected mice were gavaged daily with LM11A‐31 (100 mg/kg) for up to 6 weeks, starting 1 day before, or 7 days following injury. Mice were evaluated in vivo using urine spot analysis, cystometrograms (CMGs), and external urethral sphincter (EUS) electromyograms (EMGs); and in vitro using histology, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot.ResultsOur studies confirm highest expression of p75NTRs in the detrusor layer of the mouse bladder and lamina II region of the dorsal horn of the lumbar‐sacral (L6‐S1) spinal cord which significantly decreased following SCI. LM11A‐31 prevented or ameliorated the detrusor sphincter dyssynergia (DSD) and detrusor overactivity (DO) in SCI mice, significantly improving bladder compliance. Furthermore, LM11A‐31 treatment blocked the SCI‐related urothelial damage and bladder wall remodeling.ConclusionDrugs targeting p75NTRs can moderate DSD and DO in SCI mice, may identify pathophysiological mechanisms, and have therapeutic potential in SCI patients.
Metal Nanoparticle Photocatalysts: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application
Authors: Han Pengfei , Martens Wayde , Waclawik Eric Rolfe , Sarina Sarina , Zhu Huaiyong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMetal nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as a kind of new photocatalyst to drive various chemical reactions by visible‐light irradiation. A distinct advantage of metal NP photocatalysts is that their light absorption is not limited to a certain wavelength but instead they are able to utilize a broad range of wavelengths, constituting a large fraction of the solar spectrum. Metal NPs like gold, silver, and copper NPs can strongly absorb visible light due to the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect. Recent developments have shown that the light absorption properties strongly depend on the shape, size, and particle–particle interactions of NPs, which directly influence their photocatalytic activities. In this review, an overview of the preparation of metal NPs photocatalysts with various morphologies is given along with a brief discussion of the relationship between the morphology/composition and optical properties. The latest photocatalytic applications of these morphologies are also presented, and some of the challenges for the development of metal NPs photocatalysts are provided.
Airway dimensions from fetal life to adolescence—A literature overview
Authors: Dave Mital H. , Schmid Kathrin , Weiss Markus 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundData on airway dimensions in pediatric patients are important for proper selection of pediatric airway equipment such as endotracheal tubes, double‐lumen tubes, bronchial blockers, or stents. The aim of the present work was to provide a synopsis of the available data on pediatric airway dimensions.MethodsA systematic literature search was carried out in the PubMed database, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Prisma, and Google Scholar and secondarily completed by a reference search. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, a final selection of 109 studies with data on pediatric airway dimensions published from 1923 to 2018 were further analyzed.ResultsSix different airway measurement methods were identified. They included anatomical examinations, chest X‐ray, computed tomography, magnetic resonance tomography, bronchoscopy, and ultrasound. Anatomical studies were more abundant compared to other methods. Data provided were very heterogeneously presented and powered. In addition, due to different study conditions, they are hardly comparable. Among all, anatomical and computer tomography studies are thought to provide the most reliable data. Ultrasound is an upcoming technique to estimate airway parameters of fetus and premature infants. There was, in general, a lack of comprehensive studies providing a complete range of airway dimensions in larger groups of patients from birth to adolescence.ConclusionsThis work revealed a large heterogeneity of studies providing data on pediatric airway dimensions, making it impossible to compare, or assemble them to normograms for clinical use. Comprehensive studies in large population of children are needed to provide full range nomograms on pediatric airway dimensions.
Pediatric Pulmonology year in review 2017: Part 3
Authors: Ren Clement L. , Muston Heather N. , Yilmaz Ozge , Noah Terry L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPediatric Pulmonology publishes original research, reviews, and case reports related to a wide range of children's respiratory disorders. We here summarize the past year's publications in our major topic areas, in the context of selected literature in these areas from other journals relevant to our discipline. This review (Part 3 of a 5‐part series) covers selected articles on asthma, physiology/lung function testing, and respiratory infections.
Engineering High‐Performance MoO2‐Based Nanomaterials with Supercapacity and Superhydrophobicity by Tuning the Raw Materials Source
Authors: Zhang Yunqiang , Yang Song , Wang Shulan , Liu Hua Kun , Li Li , Dou Shi Xue , Liu Xuan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHerein, a simple self‐assembly method is proposed for the fabrication of MoO2‐based superhydrophobic material with record high contact angles (contact angle up to about 173°) for conductive metal oxides on hard/soft substrates. The spin‐coated surface demonstrates excellent oil–water separation efficiency (>98%) after 50 cycles and robust corrosion resistance after immersion into different pH solutions for 20 d. These water‐resistant coatings retain excellent superhydrophobicity after oil immersion, knife‐scratch, and long‐cycle sandpaper abrasion, which is not observed on most artificial surfaces. Meanwhile, the functionality switching from superhydrophobicity to supercapacity, which have an inverse relationship in aqueous solutions because of poor electrode wettability, is achieved simply by editing the raw materials source. Tuning of the raw materials leads to the same product MoO2/graphitic carbon with different morphologies and functionalities. Different from superhydrophobic MoO2/carbon ball flowers, MoO2 nanotubes with carbon exhibit excellent supercapacity with a large gravimetric capacitance and great cycling stability.
Physically Transient Threshold Switching Device Based on Magnesium Oxide for Security Application
Authors: Sun Jing , Wang Hong , Song Fang , Wang Zhan , Dang Bingjie , Yang Mei , Gao Haixia , Ma Xiaohua , Hao Yue 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTransient memristors are prospective candidates for both secure memory systems and biointegrated electronics, which are capable to physically disappear at a programmed time with a triggered operation. However, the sneak current issue has been a considerable obstacle to achieve high‐density transient crossbar array of memristors. To solve this problem, it is necessary to develop a transient switch device to turn the memory device on and off controllably. Here, a dissolvable and flexible threshold switching (TS) device with a vertically crossed structure is introduced, which exhibits a high selectivity of 107, steep turn‐on slope of <8 mV dec−1, and fast ON/OFF switch speed within 50/25 ns. Triggered failure could be achieved after soaking the device in deionized water for 8 min at room temperature. Furthermore, a water‐assisted transfer printing method is used to fabricate flexible and transient TS device arrays for bioresorbable systems, in which none of any significant degradation is observed under a bending radius of 2 mm. Integrating the selector with a transient memristor is capable of 107 Gb memory implementation, indicating that the transient TS device could provide great opportunities to achieve highly integrated transient memory arrays.
Advanced 3D Analysis and Optimization of Single‐Molecule FISH in Drosophila Muscle
Authors: Noma Akiko , Smith Carlas S. , Huisman Maximiliaan , Martin Robert M. , Moore Melissa J. , Grunwald David 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSingle‐molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization (smFISH) provides direct access to the spatial relationship between nucleic acids and specific subcellular locations. The ability to precisely localize a messenger RNA can reveal key information about its regulation. Although smFISH is well established in cell culture or thin sections, the utility of smFISH is hindered in thick tissue sections due to the poor probe penetration of fixed tissue, the inaccessibility of target mRNAs for probe hybridization, high background fluorescence, spherical aberration along the optical axis, and the lack of methods for image segmentation of organelles. Studying mRNA localization in 50 µm thick Drosophila larval muscle sections, these obstacles are overcome using sample‐specific optimization of smFISH, particle identification based on maximum likelihood testing, and 3D multiple‐organelle segmentation. The latter allows independent thresholds to be assigned to different regions of interest within an image stack. This approach therefore facilitates accurate measurement of mRNA location in thick tissues.
Self‐Powered Cursor Using a Triboelectric Mechanism
Authors: Wu Han , Shi Qiongfeng , Wang Fei , Thean Aaron Voon‐Yew , Lee Chengkuo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis work reports the complete theoretical modeling, simulation, and experimental characterization of a self‐powered cursor based on triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). The self‐powered cursor is made of liquid‐metal and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mixture that deforms and contacts with different sensing electrodes under different applied force. The self‐powered cursor has the capability of simultaneously detecting normal force (0–25 N) and shear force direction (0°–360°) for the first time. The normal force sensing is characterized by open‐circuit voltage, charge, and current with the sensitivity of 0.131 V N−1, 0.048 nC N−1, and 0.175 nA N−1, respectively. The shear force direction detection can achieve a direction resolution of 15°. Because of the high output voltage and low internal impedance, the self‐powered cursor is readily compatible with commercial portable circuits without the requirement of specified bulky high‐impedance instruments to detect the output voltage. Demonstration of the self‐powered cursor as a triggering signal to drive a small vehicle is successfully realized by directly detecting the output voltage without any periphery signal processing circuits. The robust structure, stable output performance, and self‐powered sensing property enable the self‐powered cursor as an ideal human machine interface towards batteryless, energy saving, and environmentally friendly applications.
On gradient‐based optimization of jacket structures for offshore wind turbines
Authors: Oest Jacob , Sandal Kasper , Schafhirt Sebastian , Stieng Lars Einar S. , Muskulus Michael 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDuring the bidding or very early design phases of jacket structures for offshore wind turbines, there may be very limited information available on meteorological conditions, soil conditions, turbine specifications, etc. However, it is still important to quickly produce near‐optimal designs with production costs similar to that of the final support structure. Numerical optimization methods can be used to this purpose. This paper investigates three gradient‐based optimization methods, where preliminary designs are produced by mass optimization. The mass is reduced by changing tube diameter and thickness of the structural members, and the optimization considers both frequency and fatigue constraints. The three methods are based on (1) damage equivalent loads, (2) quasi‐static analysis, and (3) dynamic analysis. The optimizations are conducted using in‐house software JADOP (jacket design optimization), and the optimized designs are evaluated using state‐of‐the‐art integrated time‐domain simulation software FEDEM Windpower. The findings show that each analysis can be applied with success. However, if excitations of structural frequencies contribute significantly to the overall damage, special care must be taken with quasi‐static and static modeling. It is observed that wave loading does not contribute considerably to the fatigue damage. Additionally, the aerodynamic loading does not change significantly with changes of tube geometry within the optimization ranges. The optimized designs are partly driven by reducing stress concentration factors, which can be achieved by reducing the chord diameter to thickness ratio. Thus, the optimized designs resemble each other to a certain extent.
Deletion of the Clostridium thermocellum recA gene reveals that it is required for thermophilic plasmid replication but not plasmid integration at homologous DNA sequences
Authors: Groom Joseph , Chung Daehwan , Kim Sun-Ki , Guss Adam , Westpheling Janet 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
A limitation to the engineering of cellulolytic thermophiles is the availability of functional, thermostable (≥ 60 °C) replicating plasmid vectors for rapid expression and testing of genes that provide improved or novel fuel molecule production pathways. A series of plasmid vectors for genetic manipulation of the cellulolytic thermophile Caldicellulosiruptor bescii has recently been extended to Clostridium thermocellum, another cellulolytic thermophile that very efficiently solubilizes plant biomass and produces ethanol. While the C. bescii pBAS2 replicon on these plasmids is thermostable, the use of homologous promoters, signal sequences and genes led to undesired integration into the bacterial chromosome, a result also observed with less thermostable replicating vectors. In an attempt to overcome undesired plasmid integration in C. thermocellum, a deletion of recA was constructed. As expected, C. thermocellum ∆recA showed impaired growth in chemically defined medium and an increased susceptibility to UV damage. Interestingly, we also found that recA is required for replication of the C. bescii thermophilic plasmid pBAS2 in C. thermocellum, but it is not required for replication of plasmid pNW33N. In addition, the C. thermocellum recA mutant retained the ability to integrate homologous DNA into the C. thermocellum chromosome. These data indicate that recA can be required for replication of certain plasmids, and that a recA-independent mechanism exists for the integration of homologous DNA into the C. thermocellum chromosome. Understanding thermophilic plasmid replication is not only important for engineering of these cellulolytic thermophiles, but also for developing genetic systems in similar new potentially useful non-model organisms.
Global dataset for carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of lotic periphyton
Authors: Ishikawa Naoto F. , Doi Hideyuki , Finlay Jacques C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCarbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N) have been widely employed in food web analysis. In lotic environments, periphyton is a major primary producer that makes a large contribution to food web production as well as carbon and nitrogen cycling. While the δ13C and δ15N values have many advantages as a natural tracer, the controls over their high spatial and temporal variability in stream periphyton are not well known. Here, we present the global dataset of δ13C and δ15N values of lotic periphyton from 54 published and two unpublished sources, including 978 observations from 148 streams/rivers in 38 regions around the world, from arctic to tropical sites. The 54 published sources were articles recorded during the period of 1994–2016 in 25 academic journals. The two unpublished sources were from the authors’ own data. The dataset showed that δ13C and δ15N values of periphyton ranged from −47.3 to −9.3‰ and from −5.6 to + 22.6‰, respectively. The dataset also includes physicochemical factors (altitude, coordinates, catchment area, width, depth, geology, vegetation, canopy coverage, biome, season, presence of anadromous salmon, temperature, pH, current velocity, and discharge), nutrient data (nitrate and ammonium concentrations), and algal attributes (chlorophyll a concentration, algal species compositions, and carbonates removal) in streams/rivers studied, all of which may help interpret the δ13C and δ15N values of periphyton. The metadata file outlines structure of all the data and with references for data sources, providing a resource for future food web studies in stream and river ecosystems.
Integrated speed/synchrophasing control of turboprop engine
Authors: Zhao X. , Huang X. , Zhang T. , Wang Y. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTPropeller synchrophasing control is an active method to reduce the noise and vibration of turboprop aircraft without additional weight and power. Phase control accuracy has a great influence on the noise reduction effect of synchrophasing. An integrated power/speed/synchrophasing control strategy is proposed to improve the control precision. Speed/phase control transformation logic based on a multi-blade phase plane is adopted which can take both the rapidity of speed response and phase control precision into account, but there exists switching oscillation during the mode transform process. In order to suppress the phase fluctuation due to exterior disturbance, a slave-slave control scheme is provided to take place of a master-slave scheme. Simulation results based on an integrated turboprop engine/propeller real-time non-linear model show that speed/phase integration logic can improve the response rapidity of both the speed and phase. The precision of the control system is verified to be in acceptable range.
“Safariland”: Tourism, Development and the Marketing of Kenya in the Post-Colonial World
Authors: Smart Devin 
Published: May 2018

Abstract:This article explores the role of tourism in the development plans of Kenya during the 1960s and 1970s, examining what this reveals about the new opportunities and constrictions that officials encountered as they tried to globally reconfigure the place of their new decolonizing nation in the post-colonial world. These themes are explored by examining the political economy of development and tourism, the marketing infrastructures that Kenyan officials created to shape how Western consumers thought about “Kenya,” and how these factors influenced the kinds of discourses that were promoted globally about this newly-independent African country.
Modified Reporting of Positive Urine Cultures to Reduce Inappropriate Treatment of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria Among Nonpregnant, Noncatheterized Inpatients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Daley Peter , Garcia David , Inayatullah Raheel , Penney Carla , Boyd Sarah 
Published: May 2018

DESIGNWe conducted a randomized, parallel, unblinded, superiority trial of a laboratory reporting intervention designed to reduce antibiotic treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB).METHODSResults of positive urine cultures from 110 consecutive inpatients at 2 urban acute-care hospitals were randomized to standard report (control) or modified report (intervention). The standard report included bacterial count, bacterial identification, and antibiotic susceptibility information including drug dosage and cost. The modified report stated: “This POSITIVE urine culture may represent asymptomatic bacteriuria or urinary tract infection. If urinary tract infection is suspected clinically, please call the microbiology laboratory … for identification and susceptibility results.” We used the following exclusion criteria: age &lt;18 years, pregnancy, presence of an indwelling urinary catheter, samples from patients already on antibiotics, neutropenia, or admission to an intensive care unit. The primary efficacy outcome was the proportion of appropriate antibiotic therapy prescribed.RESULTSAccording to our intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis, the proportion of appropriate treatment (urinary tract infection treated plus ASB not treated) was higher in the modified arm than in the standard arm: 44 of 55 (80.0%) versus 29 of 55 (52.7%), respectively (absolute difference, −27.3%; RR, 0.42; P = .002; number needed to report for benefit, 3.7).CONCLUSIONSModified reporting resulted in a significant reduction in inappropriate antibiotic treatment without an increase in adverse events. Safety should be further assessed in a large effectiveness trial before implementationTRIAL REGISTRATION. clinicaltrials.gov#NCT02797613Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;814–819
Local Economic Voting and the Agricultural Boom in Argentina, 2007–2015
Authors: Mangonnet Jorge , Murillo María Victoria , Rubio Julia María 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis article investigates the effect of local economic conditions on voting behavior by focusing on the export-oriented agricultural areas of Argentina during the commodities boom. It assesses the marginal effect of export wealth on electoral outcomes by studying the impact of soybean production, the main Argentine export product during this period. The combination of rising agricultural prices and a salient national tax on exports allows us to evaluate how wealth and tax policy shape local electoral behavior. This study relies on a spatial econometric analysis of the vote across Argentine departments for the 2007–15 period, along with qualitative evidence from interviews and a descriptive analysis of government appointments.
Family Involvement in Middle Management and Its Impact on the Labor Productivity of Family Firms
Authors: Hu Qiongjing , Zhang Yanlong , Yao Jingjing 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTFamily business owners and researchers tend to overwhelmingly focus on the top-level structure of firms but ignore the middle-level practice – involving family members in the middle-management team. Compared to top managers at the strategic apex, middle-level managers are mainly responsible for internal operations and control, and the composition of the middle-management team has an immediate and direct impact on the overall workforce efficiency of family firms. Integrating agency theory and organizational justice perspective, we proposed that family involvement in middle management would have a negative impact on the labor productivity of family firms. We further corroborated this effect by identifying three boundary conditions at the individual (i.e., familial CEO), organizational (i.e., firm size), and regional (i.e., labor mobility) levels. Using a sample of 1,284 privately owned family firms in China, we found that family involvement in middle management, measured as the percentage of familial middle-level managers, was negatively associated with labor productivity. Furthermore, this negative relationship existed only when the CEO is a family member rather than a professional manager, when the size of the firm is large rather than small, or when the firm is located in regions with low rather than high labor mobility. These findings contribute to family business literature and provide practical implications for human resource management in family firms.