bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘What will the neighbours say?’: Legitimacy, Social Control and the Sociocultural Influence of Neighbourhoods in India
Authors: Abraham Janaki 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis article focuses on the everyday practices that make the place of the neighbourhood – social control, legitimacy and support, while also looking at how gender is produced in everyday life in the neighbourhood. In doing this, the discussion underlines the tremendous social and cultural influence of neighbours and the neighbourhood and argues that neighbourhoods need to be seen as a social formation as important as caste, class, ethnicity or religion. This is particularly important given that a strong focus on identities in recent decades has tended to eclipse social formations such as the neighbourhood. This ethnographic discussion is based on fieldwork carried out in neighbourhoods in two towns in India, Thalassery in Kerala, South India and Bikaner in Rajasthan, North India.
The role of whole‐body computed tomography in determining risky patient group with regard to polytrauma patients in the emergency department
Authors: Özçete Enver , Kiyan Selahattin , Uz İlhan , Songür Kodik Meltem , Altuncı Yusuf Ali 
Published: February 2018

Backround:High rates in trauma‐related mortality pose a major health problem and increase every day. Early diagnosis and treatment can be lifesavers for this patient group in the emergency departments, which serve as the first place to admit trauma patients in a hospital.Objectives:We aim to determine high‐risk criteria to indicate trauma patients getting the most use from whole‐body tomography in patients with multiple traumas and reduce unnecessary computed tomography.Methods:We examined retrospectively all electronic files and computed tomography results of patients, who had been admitted to emergency department due to trauma, and who had undergone whole‐body computed tomography.Results:We found that possibility of multiple injuries increased by 5.9 times in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Possibility of multiple injuries in patients with free fluid in the Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma increased by 5.6 times. We also observed that possibility of multiple injuries in patients with Glasgow Coma Score < 13 increased by 4.3 times. Possibility of multiple injuries in hypoxic patients increased by 3.2 times. Possibility of multiple injuries in patients with a pulse ≥ 120/min increased by 1.8 times. Possibility of multiple injuries in patients with shock index ≥ 0.9 increased by 1.7 times.Conclusion:High‐risk group in terms of multiple traumas involves mechanical ventilation need in trauma patients, positive Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma, Glasgow Coma Score being under 13, hypoxia, tachycardia, positive shock index, and extravehicular traffic accidents. Whole‐body computed tomography should be performed in this patient group.
Real-life experience of ceritinib in crizotinib-pretreatedALK+advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Cadranel Jacques , Cortot Alexis B. , Lena Hervé , Mennecier Bertrand , Do Pascal , Dansin Eric , Mazieres Julien , Chouaid Christos , Perol Maurice , Barlesi Fabrice , Robinet Gilles , Friard Sylvie , Thiberville Luc , Audigier-Valette Clarisse , Vergnenegre Alain , Westeel Virginie , Slimane Khemaies , Buturuga Alexandru , Moro-Sibilot Denis , Besse Benjamin 
Published: February 2018

Here we report our experience of ceritinib in crizotinib-pretreated patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) positive (ALK+) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a French temporary authorisation for use (TAU) study.The French TAU study included crizotinib-pretreated patients with advancedALK+or ROS proto-oncogene 1 positive (ROS1+) tumours. Patients received oral ceritinib (750 mg·day−1as a starting dose) and best tumour response (as evaluated by the investigator) and safety were reported every 3 months.A total of 242 TAUs were granted from March 12, 2013 to August 05, 2015. Of the 242 patients, 228 hadALK+NSCLC and 13 hadROS1+NSCLC. The median age ofALK+patients (n=214) was 58.5 years, 51.9% were female, 70.8% had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) of 0–1 and 50.0% had brain metastases. Of the 149 efficacy evaluableALK+NSCLC patients, 5.4% had a complete response (CR), 47.0% had a partial response (PR) and 22.8% had stable disease (SD). At September 05, 2015, the median duration of ceritinib treatment (n=182) was 3.9 months but 5.5 months for patients (n=71) with a follow-up of ≥12 months. Higher objective response rate (ORR) was observed for patients with ECOG PS 0 to 1 (55.0%versus42.4%) and those receiving prior crizotinib for >5 months (51.6%versus36.1%). Treatment-related adverse events (AEs) were reported in 118 of 208 patients (56.7%), the most common being diarrhoea (22.1%) and hepatic toxicity (19.7%).Ceritinib (750 mg·day−1) demonstrated efficacy similar efficacy to ASCEND-1, ASCEND-2 and phase 3 ASCEND-5 trials with manageable safety in crizotinib-pretreated patients withALK+NSCLC.
Kazakhstan’s EU policies: a critical review of underlying motives and enabling factors
Authors: Patalakh Artem 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe article delves into Kazakhstan’s policies vis-à-vis the European Union, focusing on their driving motives and enabling conditions. Drawing upon published papers and, to a lesser degree, primary sources, the author argues that friendship with the EU largely serves the Kazakhstani elite as means of economic modernisation as well regime legitimation, perfectly fitting Kazakhstan’s dominant domestic discourse which portrays the country as Eurasian and its foreign policy—as multi-vector. The study also shows that Astana’s partnership with Brussels is to a large degree possible because the EU holds a simultaneous positive attitude to such partnership regardless Kazakhstan’s authoritarian regime. According to the article, such reflects the great instrumental value collaboration with Astana gives Brussels, the EU’s general inactivity on democracy promotion in Central Asia and Kazakhstan’s looking more pro-European and economically/politically advanced against the background of its post-Soviet and Central Asian autocratic fellows. The paper concludes by reflecting on the configuration of pragmatism and identity in Astana’s approach to the EU and discussing the peculiarities of the bloc’s power over Kazakhstan.
Testing for Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Authors: Kwon Jennifer M. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This article provides an overview of genetic metabolic disorders that can be identified by metabolic tests readily available to neurologists, such as tests for ammonia, plasma amino acids, and urine organic acids. The limitations of these tests are also discussed, as they only screen for a subset of the many inborn errors of metabolism that exist.

RECENT FINDINGS
Advances in next-generation sequencing and the emerging use of advanced metabolomic screening have made it possible to diagnose treatable inborn errors of metabolism that are not included in current newborn screening programs. Some of these inborn errors of metabolism are especially likely to present with nonspecific neurologic phenotypes, such as epilepsy, ataxia, or intellectual disability. However, cost may be a barrier to obtaining these newer tests. It is important to keep in mind that common metabolic testing may lead to treatable diagnoses. Resources are available to guide neurologists in diagnosing genetic metabolic conditions.

SUMMARY
This article introduces the clinical presentations of treatable inborn errors of metabolism that are important for neurologists to consider in patients of all ages. Inborn errors of metabolism are rare, but they can present with neurologic symptoms. Newborns are now screened for many treatable metabolic disorders, but these screening tests may miss milder presentations of treatable inborn errors of metabolism that present later in life. These patients may present to adult neurologists who may be less likely to consider metabolic genetic testing.
β-Catenin maintains lung epithelial progenitors after lung specification
Authors: Ostrin Edwin J. , Little Danielle R. , Gerner-Mauro Kamryn N. , Sumner Elizabeth A. , Ríos-Corzo Ricardo , Ambrosio Elizabeth , Holt Samantha E. , Forcioli-Conti Nicolas , Akiyama Haruhiko , Hanash Sam M. , Kimura Shioko , Huang Sarah X. L , Chen Jichao 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
The entire lung epithelium arises from SRY box 9 (SOX9)-expressing progenitors that form the respiratory tree and differentiate into airway and alveolar cells. Despite progress in understanding their initial specification within the embryonic foregut, how these progenitors are subsequently maintained is less clear. Using inducible, progenitor-specific genetic mosaic mouse models, we showed that β-catenin (CTNNB1) maintains lung progenitors by promoting a hierarchical lung progenitor gene signature, suppressing gastrointestinal (GI) genes, and regulating NK2 homeobox 1 (NKX2.1) and SRY box 2 (SOX2) in a developmental stage-dependent manner. At the early, but not later, stage post-lung specification, CTNNB1 cell-autonomously maintained normal NKX2.1 expression levels and suppressed ectopic SOX2 expression. Genetic epistasis analyses revealed that CTNNB1 is required for fibroblast growth factor (Fgf)/Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (Kras)-mediated promotion of the progenitors. In silico screening of Eurexpress and translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP)-RNAseq identified a progenitor gene signature, a subset of which depends on CTNNB1. Wnt signaling also maintained NKX2.1 expression and suppressed GI genes in cultured human lung progenitors derived from embryonic stem cells.
Avian thermoregulation in the heat: evaporative cooling capacity and thermal tolerance in two Australian parrots
Authors: McWhorter Todd J. , Gerson Alexander R. , Talbot William A. , Smith Eric Krabbe , McKechnie Andrew E. , Wolf Blair O. 
Published: February 2018

Avian orders differ in their thermoregulatory capabilities and tolerance of high environmental temperatures. Evaporative heat loss, and the primary avenue whereby it occurs, differs amongst taxa. Although Australian parrots (Psittaciformes) have been impacted by mass mortality events associated with extreme weather events (heat waves), their thermoregulatory physiology has not been well-characterized. We quantified the upper limits to thermoregulation under extremely hot conditions in two Australian parrots: the mulga parrot (Psephotellus varius; ∼55 g) and the galah (Eolophus roseicapilla; ∼265 g). At air temperatures (Ta) exceeding body temperature (Tb), both species showed increases in Tb to maximum values around 43–44°C, accompanied by rapid increases in resting metabolic rate above clearly defined upper critical limits of thermoneutrality and increases in evaporative water loss (EWL) to levels equivalent to 700–1000% of baseline rates at thermoneutral Ta.Maximum cooling capacity, quantified as the fraction of metabolic heat production dissipated evaporatively, ranged from 1.71 to 1.79, consistent with the known range for parrots, similar to the corresponding range in passerines, and well below the corresponding ranges for columbids and caprimulgids. Heat tolerance limit (HTL, the maximum Ta tolerated) ranged from 44-55°C, similar to the range reported for passerines, but lower than reported for columbids and caprimulgids. Our data suggest that heat tolerance in parrots is similar to that of passerines. We argue that understanding how thermoregulatory capacity and heat tolerance vary across avian orders is vital for predicting how climate change and the associated increase in frequency of extreme weather events may impact avian populations in the future.
Fat suppression in magnetic resonance imaging of the head and neck region: is the two-point DIXON technique superior to spectral fat suppression?
Authors: Wendl Christina M , Eiglsperger Johannes , Dendl Lena-Marie , Brodoefel Harald , Schebesch Karl-Michael , Stroszczynski Christian , Fellner Claudia 
Published: February 2018

Objective:
The aim of our study was to systematically compare two-point Dixon fat suppression (FS) and spectral FS techniques in contrast enhanced imaging of the head and neck region.

Methods:
Three independent readers analysed coronal T 1 weighted images recorded after contrast medium injection with Dixon and spectral FS techniques with regard to FS homogeneity, motion artefacts, lesion contrast, image sharpness and overall image quality.

Results:
85 patients were prospectively enrolled in the study. Images generated with Dixon-FS technique were of higher overall image quality and had a more homogenous FS over the whole field of view compared with the standard spectral fat-suppressed images (p &lt; 0.001). Concerning motion artefacts, flow artefacts, lesion contrast and image sharpness no statistically significant difference was observed.

Conclusion:
The Dixon-FS technique is superior to the spectral technique due to improved homogeneity of FS and overall image quality while maintaining lesion contrast.

Advances in knowledge:
T 1 with Dixon FS technique offers, compared to spectral FS, significantly improved FS homogeneity and over all image quality in imaging of the head and neck region.
Spatial intratumoural heterogeneity in the expression of GIT1 is associated with poor prognostic outcome in oestrogen receptor positive breast cancer patients with synchronous lymph node metastases
Authors: Goicoechea Ibai , Rezola Ricardo , Arestin María , Caffarel María M. , Cortazar Ana Rosa , Manterola Lorea , Fernandez-Mercado Marta , Armesto María , Sole Carla , Larrea Erika , M. Araujo Angela , Ancizar Nerea , Plazaola Arrate , Urruticoechea Ander , Carracedo Arkaitz , Ruiz Irune , Alvarez Lopez Isabel , Lawrie Charles H. 
Published: February 2018

Background: The outcome for oestrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer patients has improved greatly in recent years largely due to targeted therapy. However, the presence of involved multiple synchronous lymph nodes remains associated with a poor outcome. Consequently, these patients would benefit from the identification of new prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The expression of G-protein-coupled receptor kinase-interacting protein 1 (GIT1) has recently been shown to be an indicator of advanced stage breast cancer. Therefore, we investigated its expression and prognostic value of GIT1 in a cohort of 140 ER+ breast cancer with synchronous lymph node involvement.Methods: Immunohistochemistry was employed to assess GIT1 expression in a tissue microarray (TMA) containing duplicate non-adjacent cores with matched primary tumour and lymph node tissue (n=140). GIT1 expression in tumour cells was scored and statistical correlation analyses were carried out.Results: The results revealed a sub-group of patients that displayed discordant expression of GIT1 between the primary tumour and the lymph nodes (i.e. spatial intratumoural heterogeneity). We observed that loss of GIT1 expression in the tumour cells of the metastasis was associated with a shorter time to recurrence, poorer overall survival, and a shorter median survival time. Moreover, multivariate analysis demonstrated that GIT1 expression was an independent prognostic indicator.Conclusions: GIT1 expression enabled the identification of a sub-class of ER+ patients with lymph node metastasis that have a particularly poor prognostic outcome. We propose that this biomarker could be used to further stratify ER+ breast cancer patients with synchronous lymph node involvement and therefore facilitate adjuvant therapy decision making.
Management of eight labor and delivery patients dependent on buprenorphine (Subutex™): A retrospective chart review
Authors: Tith Solina , Bining Garinder , Bollag Laurent A. 
Published: February 2018

Background: Opioid use during pregnancy is a growing concern in the United States. Buprenorphine has been recommended by “The American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology” as an alternative to methadone to decrease risks associated with the use of illicit opioids during pregnancy. The partial μ-opioid agonists’ unique pharmacology, including its long half time and high affinity to the μ-opioid receptor, complicates patient management in a highly kinetic, and often urgent field like obstetric anesthesia. We reviewed our management and outcomes in this medically complex population. Methods: An Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved retrospective chart review was conducted of women admitted to the University of Washington Medical Center Labor and Delivery unit from July 2012 to November 2013 using buprenorphine. All deliveries, including intrauterine fetal demise, were included. Results: Eight women were admitted during this period to our L&D floor on buprenorphine. All required peri-partum anesthetic management either for labor and/or cesarean delivery management. Analgesic management included dilaudid or fentanyl PCA and/or continued epidural infusion, and in one instance ketamine infusion, while the pre-admission buprenorphine regimen was continued. Five babies were viable, two women experienced intrauterine fetal death at 22 and 36 weeks gestational age (GSA), respectively, and one neonate died shortly after delivery due to a congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Conclusions: This case series illuminates the medical complexity of parturients using buprenorphine. Different treatment modalities in the absence of evidence-based guidelines included additional opioid administration and continued epidural analgesia. The management of post-cesarean pain in patients on partial μ-opioid agonists remains complex and variable, and evidence-based guidelines could be useful for clinicians to direct care.
Unraveling endometriosis-associated ovarian carcinomas using integrative proteomics
Authors: Leung Felix , Bernardini Marcus Q. , Liang Kun , Batruch Ihor , Rouzbahman Marjan , Diamandis Eleftherios P. , Kulasingam Vathany 
Published: February 2018

Background: To elucidate potential markers of endometriosis and endometriosis-associated endometrioid and clear cell ovarian carcinomas using mass spectrometry-based proteomics. Methods: A total of 21 fresh, frozen tissues from patients diagnosed with clear cell carcinoma, endometrioid carcinoma, endometriosis and benign endometrium were subjected to an in-depth liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis on the Q-Exactive Plus. Protein identification and quantification were performed using MaxQuant, while downstream analyses were performed using Perseus and various bioinformatics databases. Results: Approximately 9000 proteins were identified in total, representing the first in-depth proteomic investigation of endometriosis and its associated cancers. This proteomic data was shown to be biologically sound, with minimal variation within patient cohorts and recapitulation of known markers. While moderate concordance with genomic data was observed, it was shown that such data are limited in their abilities to represent tumours on the protein level and to distinguish tumours from their benign precursors. Conclusions: The proteomic data suggests that distinct markers may differentiate endometrioid and clear cell carcinoma from endometriosis. These markers may be indicators of pathobiology but will need to be further investigated. Ultimately, this dataset may serve as a basis to unravel the underlying biology of the endometrioid and clear cell cancers with respect to their endometriotic origins.
The first transcriptomes from field-collected individual whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci, Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
Authors: Sseruwagi Peter , Wainaina James , Ndunguru Joseph , Tumuhimbise Robooni , Tairo Fred , Guo Jian-Yang , Vrielink Alice , Blythe Amanda , Kinene Tonny , De Marchi Bruno , Kehoe Monica A. , Tanz Sandra , Boykin Laura M. 
Published: February 2018

Background: Bemisia tabaci species (B. tabaci), or whiteflies, are the world’s most devastating insect pests. They cause billions of dollars (US) of damage each year, and are leaving farmers in the developing world food insecure. Currently, all publically available transcriptome data for B. tabaci are generated from pooled samples, which can lead to high heterozygosity and skewed representation of the genetic diversity. The ability to extract enough RNA from a single whitefly has remained elusive due to their small size and technological limitations. Methods: In this study, we optimised a single whitefly RNA extraction procedure, and sequenced the transcriptome of four individual adult Sub-Saharan Africa 1 (SSA1) B. tabaci. Transcriptome sequencing resulted in 39-42 million raw reads. De novo assembly of trimmed reads yielded between 65,000-162,000 Contigs across B. tabaci transcriptomes. Results: Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrion cytochrome I oxidase (mtCOI) grouped the four whiteflies within the SSA1 clade. BLASTn searches on the four transcriptomes identified five endosymbionts; the primary endosymbiont Portiera aleyrodidarum and four secondary endosymbionts: Arsenophonus, Wolbachia, Rickettsia, and Cardinium spp. that were predominant across all four SSA1 B. tabaci samples with prevalence levels of between 54.1 to 75%. Amino acid alignments of the NusG gene of P. aleyrodidarum for the SSA1 B. tabaci transcriptomes of samples WF2 and WF2b revealed an eleven amino acid residue deletion that was absent in samples WF1 and WF2a. Comparison of the protein structure of the NusG protein from P. aleyrodidarum in SSA1 with known NusG structures showed the deletion resulted in a shorter D loop. Conclusions: The use of field-collected specimens means time and money will be saved in future studies using single whitefly transcriptomes in monitoring vector and viral interactions. Our method is applicable to any small organism where RNA quantity has limited transcriptome studies.