bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Full-Genome Analysis of Hepatitis C Virus in Japanese and Non-Japanese Patients Coinfected With HIV-1 in Tokyo
Authors: Ishida Yuki , Hayashida Tsunefusa , Sugiyama Masaya , Tsuchiya Kiyoto , Kikuchi Yoshimi , Mizokami Masashi , Oka Shinichi , Gatanaga Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is increasing among HIV-1–infected individuals in Tokyo. Appropriate clinical management is needed.

Setting:
To delineate the epidemiological status of HCV transmission, we analyzed stocked plasma samples of HCV/HIV-1–coinfected patients seen at the largest referral center for HIV care in Tokyo.

Methods:
HCV full-genome sequences were amplified and determined using next-generation sequencing. HCV genotyping and phylogenetic and phylodynamic analyses of thus obtained sequences were performed and combined with the analysis of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase sequences.

Results:
HCV phylogenetic analysis identified 3 dense clusters containing cases of men who have sex with men (MSM) and injection drug users (IDUs). Most of the confirmed acute infection cases were included within these clusters, indicating that the clustered viruses are currently being actively transmitted among HIV-1–infected MSM and IDU. Phylodynamic analysis indicated population expansion of one of these clusters from 2006 to 2008, during which the largest number of HIV-1–infected MSM was diagnosed in Tokyo. HIV-1 reverse transcriptase sequences of HCV-coinfected patients included in the same clusters did not converge together and did not form clusters, but rather diverged in the area of subtype B in the phylogenetic tree, indicating that they acquired HCV infection from individuals different from those from whom they had acquired HIV-1 infection. It is considered that these MSM changed their sexual partners and that IDU changed their drug use groups.

Conclusions:
The results warrant careful monitoring of high-risk groups including MSM and IDU and early introduction of HCV treatment to prevent HCV epidemic.
SIRT2, ERK and Nrf2 mediate NAD+ treatment-induced increase in the antioxidant capacity of differentiated PC12 cells under basal conditions
Authors: Zhang Jie , Hong Yunyi , Cao Wei , Shi Haibo , Ying Weihai 
Published: December 2018

AbstractNAD+administration is highly beneficial in numerous models of diseases and aging. It is becoming increasingly important to determine if NAD+treatment may increase directly the antioxidant capacity of cells under basal conditions. In current study we tested our hypothesis that NAD+can enhance directly antioxidant capacity of cells under basal conditions by using differentiated PC12 cells as a cellular model. We found that NAD+treatment can increase the GSH/GSSG ratios in the cells under basal conditions. NAD+can also increase both the mRNA and protein level of γ-glutamylcysteine ligase – a key enzyme for glutathione synthesis, which appears to be mediated by the NAD+-induced increase in Nrf2 activity. These NAD+-induced changes can be prevented by both SIRT2 siRNA and the SIRT2 inhibitor AGK2. The NAD+-induced changes can also be blocked by the ERK signaling inhibitor U0126. Moreover, the NAD+-induced ERK activation can be blocked by both SIRT2 siRNA and AGK2. Collectively, our study has provided the first evidence that NAD+can enhance directly the antioxidant capacity of the cells under basal conditions, which is mediated by SIRT2, ERK, and Nrf2. These findings have suggested not only the great nutritional potential of NAD+, but also a novel mechanism underlying the protective effects of the NAD+administration in the disease models: The NAD+administration can enhance the resistance of the normal cells to oxidative insults by increasing the antioxidant capacity of the cells.
The cortico-striatal circuit regulates sensorimotor gating via Disc1/Huntingtin-mediated Bdnf transport
Authors: Jaaro-Peled Hanna , Kumar Sunil , Hughes Dalton , Kim Sun-Hong , Zoubovsky Sandra , Hirota-Tsuyada Yuki , Zala Diana , Sumitomo Akiko , Bruyere Julie , Katz Brittany M. , Huang Beverly , Flores Rafael , Narayan Soumya , Hou Zhipeng , Economides Aris N. , Hikida Takatoshi , Wetsel William C. , Deisseroth Karl , Mori Susumu , Brandon Nicholas J. , Tanaka Motomasa , Ishizuka Koko , Houslay Miles D. , Saudou Frédéric , Dzirasa Kafui , Sawa Akira , Tomoda Toshifumi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSensorimotor information processing that underlies normal cognitive and behavioral traits is dysregulated across a subset of neurological and psychiatric disorders. The cross-disease deficit in sensorimotor gating poses a unique opportunity to integrate hierarchical findings at molecular, cellular, through circuitry levels to obtain an in-depth mechanistic understanding of this process that contributes to brain physiology and pathophysiology beyond categorical segmentation of brain disorders. Based on circuitry recording with wild-type mice, we demonstrated that the cortico-striatal projection mediates sensorimotor gating responses during prepulse inhibition (PPI) task. We also found that these circuitry responses were disrupted in Disc1 locus-impairment (LI) mice, a model representing neuropsychiatric conditions. Thus, we hypothesized that Disc1-mediated molecular and cellular machinery along the cortico-striatal circuit may regulate sensorimotor gating. Anatomical and biochemical analyses of Disc1-LI mice revealed attenuated Bdnf transport along the cortico-striatal circuit. Pharmacologically augmenting Bdnf transport by chronic lithium administration, in part via Ser-421 phosphorylation of Huntingtin (Htt) and its integration into the motor machinery, restored the striatal Bdnf levels and PPI deficits in Disc1-LI mice, suggesting that the Bdnf transport attenuation mechanistically underlies the circuitry and behavioral deficits. These results also shed light on a novel mechanism and utility of lithium that is currently used as a major mood stabilizer in clinical settings. Collectively, the present study illustrates integrative biological mechanisms for sensorimotor gating, underscoring the cross-disease nature of this behavioral dimension and translational utility of the findings under the era of precision medicine in brain disorders.
Evaluating the Efficiency of Primer Extension Capture as a Method to Enrich DNA Extractions,
Authors: Winters Misa , Monroe Cara , Barta Jodi Lynn , Kemp Brian M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this study, we sought to document the efficiency of primer extension capture (PEC) as a method to enrich DNA eluates of targeted DNA molecules and remove nontarget molecules from pools containing both. Efficiency of the method was estimated by comparing number of “copies in” to “copies out” by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. PEC retention of DNA targets ranging 109‐288 base pairs (bps) in length was 15.88–2.14% (i.e., loss of 84.12–97.86% of target molecules). Experimental modifications of the PEC method resulted in no significant improvements. However, the benefit of PEC was revealed in its ability to remove most nontarget DNA molecules (99.99%). We also discovered that many (56.69%) of the target molecules are “lost” prior to their immobilization on the streptavidin‐coated beads. These estimates of methodological efficiency are directly comparable to previous ones observed following “fishing” for DNA, an alternative method for DNA enrichment.
Initial public offering prospectus forecast errors and mandatory explanations: evidence from New Zealand
Authors: Chen Li , Hay David , Zhuang Jingyuan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis paper examines management forecast errors in initial public offering (IPO) prospectuses of New Zealand firms and subsequent management explanations for earnings forecast errors in recent years. New Zealand has several unique features and recent changes that are worthy of research, including the requirement for management to make forecasts; a requirement to explain differences between forecast and actual; and a recent change that provides the voluntary opportunity to obtain a negative assurance opinion on forecasts. Using hand‐collected IPO data between 1998 and 2014, we find that firms that include a negative assurance opinion on the prospective financial information in the prospectus have more accurate earnings and cash flow forecasts. We investigate the subsequent explanations for forecast errors, which are mandated by a financial reporting standard. We show that management tends to attribute negative and large forecast errors to external causes rather than their own actions. Our findings have implications for regulators and investors in New Zealand and other settings.
Patterns of altered regional brain glucose metabolism in borderline personality disorder and bipolar II disorder
Authors: Bøen E. , Hjørnevik T. , Hummelen B. , Elvsåshagen T. , Moberget T. , Holtedahl J. E. , Babovic A. , Hol P. K. , Karterud S. , Malt U. F. 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveThe relationship between borderline personality disorder (BPD) and bipolar II disorder (BIP‐II) is disputed but understudied. Here, we investigated brain glucose metabolism in these patient groups and healthy control subjects (HCs).MethodsSixty‐five subjects, 22 BPD (19 females), 22 BIP‐II (17 females), and 21 HC (14 females), were examined using 2‐deoxy‐2[18F]‐fluoro‐d‐glucose positron‐emission tomography (PET) scanning. Only patients without reciprocal comorbidity were recruited; BPD participants without bipolar spectrum pathology; BIP‐II participants without cluster A/B personality pathology. Groups were compared pairwise. Associations with mood state and childhood trauma were analyzed.ResultsBoth patient groups exhibited hypometabolism compared with HCs in insula, brainstem, and frontal white matter. Additionally, BPD patients showed hypometabolism in hypothalamus, midbrain, and striatum; BIP‐II patients in cerebellum. Uncorrected analyses showed cortical areas of higher metabolism in BIP‐II than BPD, and associations with clinical variables differed between the groups.ConclusionReduced metabolism in the insula regions was shown in both disorders, suggesting shared pathophysiological mechanisms. The observed patterns of altered metabolism specific to each patient group, as well as the uncorrected results, may also suggest differential pathophysiology. However, these latter findings must be interpreted cautiously given the non‐significant corrected results in the direct comparison between the disorders.
Depressive symptoms and cerebral microvascular disease in adults with Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Nunley K. A. , Karp J. F. , Orchard T. J. , Costacou T. , Aizenstein H. J. , Jennings J. R. , Rosano C. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimTo assess the prevalence of, and risk factors for, depressive symptoms, comparing a sample of middle‐aged adults with and without juvenile‐onset Type 1 diabetes mellitus, and to determine if depressive symptoms were associated with white matter hyperintensity volume among those with Type 1 diabetes.MethodsDepressive symptoms and white matter hyperintensities were compared between adults (age range 30–65 years) with juvenile‐onset Type 1 diabetes (n=130) and adults without Type 1 diabetes (n=133). The association of Type 1 diabetes with depression was computed before and after adjustment for white matter hyperintensities. Among the Type 1 diabetes group, the primary associations of interest were between depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory score ≥10) and white matter hyperintensities (n=71), hyperglycaemia and physical activity. Associations between depressive symptoms and diabetes‐related complications, cognitive impairment, smoking and self‐reported disability were examined. Analyses were controlled for education, sex, age and antidepressant use.ResultsDepressive symptoms were more prevalent among those with vs those without Type 1 diabetes (28% vs 3%; P<0.001). White matter hyperintensities explained 40% of the association of Type 1 diabetes with depressive symptoms, while Type 1 diabetes had a direct effect of 68% on depressive symptoms. Among those with Type 1 diabetes, depressive symptoms were related to white matter hyperintensity volume, a 16‐year average HbA1c ≥58 mmol/mol (7.5%), and lower physical activity levels. Associations with other characteristics were not significant.ConclusionThese findings suggest a cerebrovascular origin for depressive symptoms in adults with Type 1 diabetes, perhaps triggered by hyperglycaemia. Future longitudinal studies should investigate whether targeting hyperglycaemia and physical inactivity alleviates depressive symptoms, possibly by slowing the development of cerebral microvascular disease, in people with Type 1 diabetes.
Comparative effectiveness and harms of long‐acting insulins for type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Holmes Rebecca S. , Crabtree Elizabeth , McDonagh Marian S. 
Published: December 2018

AimTo review evidence comparing benefits and harms of long‐acting insulins in patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes.MethodsMEDLINE and two Cochrane databases were searched during February 2018. Two authors selected studies meeting inclusion criteria and assessed their quality. Comparative studies of adult or paediatric patients with diabetes treated with insulin degludec, detemir or glargine were included. Meta‐analysis was used to combine results of similar studies, and the I2 statistic calculated to assess statistical heterogeneity.ResultsOf 2534 citations reviewed, 70 studies met the inclusion criteria. No statistically significant differences in HbA1c were seen between any two insulins or formulations. Hypoglycaemia was less probable with degludec than with glargine, including nocturnal hypoglycaemia in type 1 (rate ratio 0.68, 95% CI 0.56‐0.81) and type 2 diabetes (rate ratio 0.73, 95% CI 0.65‐0.82), and severe hypoglycaemia in type 2 diabetes (relative risk 0.72, 95% CI 0.54‐0.96). Patients with type 2 diabetes had higher rates of withdrawal because of adverse events when treated with detemir compared with glargine (relative risk 2.1, 95% CI 1.4‐3.3). Adults taking detemir gained about 1 kg less body weight than those taking degludec (type 1) or glargine (type 2).ConclusionsNo differences in glycaemic control were seen between insulin degludec, detemir and glargine. Hypoglycaemia was less probable with degludec than glargine, and patients taking detemir gained less body weight than those given degludec or glargine. In type 2 diabetes, withdrawals as a result of adverse events were more probable with detemir than glargine.
Underestimated ecosystem carbon turnover time and sequestration under the steady state assumption: A perspective from long‐term data assimilation
Authors: Ge Rong , He Honglin , Ren Xiaoli , Zhang Li , Yu Guirui , Smallman T. Luke , Zhou Tao , Yu Shi‐Yong , Luo Yiqi , Xie Zongqiang , Wang Silong , Wang Huimin , Zhou Guoyi , Zhang Qibin , Wang Anzhi , Fan Zexin , Zhang Yiping , Shen Weijun , Yin Huajun , Lin Luxiang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIt is critical to accurately estimate carbon (C) turnover time as it dominates the uncertainty in ecosystem C sinks and their response to future climate change. In the absence of direct observations of ecosystem C losses, C turnover times are commonly estimated under the steady state assumption (SSA), which has been applied across a large range of temporal and spatial scales including many at which the validity of the assumption is likely to be violated. However, the errors associated with improperly applying SSA to estimate C turnover time and its covariance with climate as well as ecosystem C sequestrations have yet to be fully quantified. Here, we developed a novel model‐data fusion framework and systematically analyzed the SSA‐induced biases using time‐series data collected from 10 permanent forest plots in the eastern China monsoon region. The results showed that (a) the SSA significantly underestimated mean turnover times (MTTs) by 29%, thereby leading to a 4.83‐fold underestimation of the net ecosystem productivity (NEP) in these forest ecosystems, a major C sink globally; (b) the SSA‐induced bias in MTT and NEP correlates negatively with forest age, which provides a significant caveat for applying the SSA to young‐aged ecosystems; and (c) the sensitivity of MTT to temperature and precipitation was 22% and 42% lower, respectively, under the SSA. Thus, under the expected climate change, spatiotemporal changes in MTT are likely to be underestimated, thereby resulting in large errors in the variability of predicted global NEP. With the development of observation technology and the accumulation of spatiotemporal data, we suggest estimating MTTs at the disequilibrium state via long‐term data assimilation, thereby effectively reducing the uncertainty in ecosystem C sequestration estimations and providing a better understanding of regional or global C cycle dynamics and C‐climate feedback.
Patients´ experiences and perspectives of challenges and needs related to nonmyeloablative stem cell transplantation: Involving patients in developing a targeted rehabilitation programme
Authors: Lindman Astrid , Krintel Petersen Annemette , Olesen Gitte , Handberg Charlotte 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore patients’ experiences and perspectives of their challenges and needs regarding their return to everyday life after allogeneic nonmyeloablative haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (NMA‐HSCT).BackgroundNMA‐HSCT can cure patients with malignant blood diseases, but during the following years, the majority of patients suffer from serious side effects and complications. Hence, it is a major challenge for patients treated with NMA‐HSCT to rehabilitate, maintain physical and psychosocial functioning and return to a life in restored balance.DesignThe design was qualitative using the interpretive description methodology, and the theoretical framework symbolic interactionism inspired the interview guide and analysis.MethodsBetween April to May 2017, five focus group interviews were conducted with 15 outpatients in a haematological ward in Denmark. The patients were treated with NMA‐HSCT 8–30 months prior to the interviews. The study adheres to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research guidelines.ResultsThe impaired functioning was the overarching theme and seemed to be the trigger entailing rehabilitation needs related to the following main themes: realising decline, adapting to changes, the meaning of motivation and reliance on relations. These findings seemed to affect and influence the patients' struggle for a return to an everyday life like before being diagnosed or just before undergoing NMA‐HSCT.ConclusionThis study adds to our understanding of important elements to consider when developing a targeted rehabilitation programme.Relevance to clinical practiceBased on our findings, the rehabilitation programme should encompass: extensive variation regarding how to address the impaired functioning through individualised approaches, multimodal interventions, interventions through several months with varying intensity, an interdisciplinary team approach supporting motivation and visualisation of every progress by tangible goal setting, communication regarding hope and support, extended supportive care for patients living alone and finally increased adherence through social sessions with relatives and fellow patients.
Caring by telecare? A hermeneutic study of experiences among older adults and their family caregivers
Authors: Karlsen Cecilie , Moe Carl Erik , Haraldstad Kristin , Thygesen Elin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesTo obtain a deeper understanding of the persistent use of telecare for older adults and their family caregivers.BackgroundTelecare is seen as part of the solution in home care services for ageing in place. Previous studies have shown that telecare is a complex intervention, and there is still a poor understanding of older adults’ and their family caregivers’ experience with the use of telecare.DesignThis study used a qualitative hermeneutic research approach.MethodInterviews were conducted with 18 older adults and follow‐up interviews were conducted with 15 participants after 5–6 months of use. In addition, interviews were conducted with seven close family caregivers. The COREQ checklist was used.ResultsThe older adults expressed increased safety, security and independence. Although some of them experienced challenges, they continued to use the services. Furthermore, the findings revealed needs that telecare could not cover. Family caregivers reported that telecare eased their concern for a time. However, they felt increased responsibility which led to ambivalent feelings between wanting to comply with the older adults’ desire to live at home and the stress and concern this caused.ConclusionTelecare does improve care offered by home care services. However, it must be considered in the context of assistance and other measures and be provided in response to each individual's specific needs. Family caregivers may benefit from telecare, but telecare may also add to their care burden.Relevance to clinical practiceThere is a need for increased knowledge and information about telecare and for follow‐up from home care services. Family caregivers are important for promoting sustainable use, but a support system and better cooperation with home care services is needed.
To explore the prevalence and outcomes of advance care planning for patients with left ventricular assist devices: A review
Authors: Delmaczynska Ewa , Newham Roger 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore the prevalence and outcomes of advance care planning for patients with left ventricular assist devices: a review.BackgroundEnd‐stage heart failure is associated with significant symptom burden at rest. Left ventricular assist devices are not curative; nevertheless, they alleviate symptoms and prolong survival. Evidence suggests that most patients with left ventricular assist devices and their families do not have open discussions regarding end‐of‐life wishes until catastrophic complications arise. Therefore, it is important to understand reasons for this, so healthcare professionals such as nurses can facilitate the process.DesignA mixed‐studies integrative review with a narrative synthesis of the evidence. PRISMA guidelines were followed for reporting systematic qualitative reviews.MethodA search of four electronic data in January 2018 and a hand search yielded 139 citations; seven studies met the review eligibility criteria. Methodological quality of the selected studies was evaluated, and data were extracted and compiled.ResultsThree themes were identified: prevalence and feasibility of advanced care planning, advance care planning developed for patients with device support, patients’ and caregivers’ perceptions of advanced care planning discussions. Advanced care planning is underused routinely implemented in left ventricular device centres. Pre‐implantation advanced care planning is feasible and results in the highest rate of documented advance decisions which are useful for both patients and their loved ones in cases of complications.ConclusionStrong evidence that left ventricular assist‐specific advanced care planning is recommended for all left ventricular assist device patients to enable their treatment preferences in case of incurable complications. Palliative care services should collaborate with nurses in designing and facilitating advanced care planning for delisted transplant patients. Patients with left ventricular devices awaiting heart transplant and those waiting for myocardium healing are underrepresented in the current studies. Research on the optimal timing of advanced care planning in these groups of patients is indicated.Relevance for clinical practiceThere is a need for improved approaches to advanced care planning for and with people with left ventricular devices.