bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EAEU Role in the Evolution of Multipolar Structure in World Politics
Authors: Toropygin A. V. , Iroshkina T. V. 
Published: November 2024

The global political system is undergoing a transition from a unipolar to a multipolar world. Scientific discussions are underway regarding the emergence or formation of new poles in the world, including the potential development of a pole through the integration structure of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). Attention is focused on the changing conditions of the global economy and their influence on the development strategies of regional integration associations. The necessity to adapt the development strategies of the EAEU to new trends, including the shift in the economic paradigm and the reassessment of the role of integration process participants, is argued.Aim. To justify strategies and approaches to building an economic pole based on the EAEU.Tasks. Examining various theoretical approaches to the concept of multipolarity, poles, and centers of power. Investigating interpretations of global and regional leadership. Analyzing the concept of regional leadership considering the role of the EAEU as an important element of the new world political and global economic system.Methods. Comparative analysis of vectors and development strategies of regional integration associations. The civilizational approach illuminates not only the key economic and political aspects of regional leadership but also the cultural and civilizational factors of regional integration. The deductive method and synthesis allowed for the formulation of new approaches to understanding the economic component of the EAEU pole.Results. It has been established that one of the possible and most effective ways to form the economic component of the EAEU pole is to consider the formation of a new technological paradigm in the Union’s development strategy amidst the transformation and transition to a new economic paradigm.Conclusions. Framing the EAEU as an independent pole, based on the concept of changing economic paradigms, implies a rethinking or establishment of institutions based on principles of non-discrimination, mutual respect for sovereignty and national interests, as well as the establishment of mutually beneficial relations with other states. Such an approach to pole-building is a key step in transitioning to the sixth technological paradigm.
Foreign Policy of the Union State: Latin-Caribbean Direction of the Russia-Belarus Integration
Authors: Chmyreva V. A. 
Published: November 2024

The research is aimed at studying the Union State foreign policy in the Latin-Caribbean direction in new geopolitical conditions and its role in the emerging architecture of world economy and geopolitics. The mechanism for implementing the Union State foreign policy has been determined. It is shown that the external contour of the Russia-Belarus integration is not the sum of foreign policies, but is being implemented within the framework of their legal framework: pursuing a coordinated foreign policy, the parties maintain a flexible approach and are not limited by the framework of the foreign policy institutions of the Union. The author presents basic areas of project cooperation between Russia, Belarus and the states of the Latin-Caribbean region establishing priorities of cooperation.Aim. To appraise the significance and potential of Latin-Caribbean direction in the Union State foreign policy in the current conditions of economic turbulence and geopolitical escalation.Tasks. To identify the main areas of cooperation, to analyze current trends and influencing factors, and to determine the prospects for interaction.Methods. A combination of general scientific theoretical and special methods is used. The method of comparative analysis and the logical method are of prime importance. When working with regulatory and legislative sources, the normative method is used.Results. The potential of cooperation between the Union State and the countries of Latin-Caribbean America has not been fully realized, however, an accelerated diversification of partnership between the countries is being practiced as well as an expansion of areas of interaction based on economic feasibility and political motivation.Conclusions. Under current conditions of global political and economic turbulence, the Latin-Caribbean direction of the Union’s foreign policy is an important part in building effective international cooperation and developing new trans-regional logistics routes.
Ethnopolitical Trends of Party Building in Kazakhstan and China
Authors: Wang Lulu , Kalashnikova N. P. 
Published: November 2024

The role of political parties in multi-ethnic states is quite complex, as they should be focused not only on political governance at the level of the state as a whole, but also on promoting national unity in interethnic relations, forming tolerant cooperation and interaction between different ethnic groups. Aim. This article aims to take the operation and development of political parties in multi-ethnic countries such as Kazakhstan and China as examples to study the role of political parties and to study cases from the practice of their activities in maintaining national stability, promoting social harmony, and protecting the interests of small ethnic groups.Tasks. One of the tasks of political parties in multi-ethnic states is to integrate different social interests and ensure that all ethnic groups have a voice and are represented in the decision-making process at the national level.Methods. Comparative analysis is used to compare models of multi-ethnic governance in different countries or regions, and to analyze the role and effectiveness of different political parties in these models. This will help to understand the strengths and weaknesses of different governance models and identify best practices. It also analyzes the reasons for the successes and failures of different countries and political parties by analyzing their historical practices of multi-ethnic governance. This will help to understand how political parties have responded to ethnic conflicts and governance challenges throughout history.Results. The research paper pointed out that the policies developed and implemented by political parties in multicultural countries in support of the cultures of different ethnic groups, the protection and promotion of the languages, religions, traditions and cultural identities of different ethnic groups, comply with the UN standards and principles on these issues. However, as shown by the political and SWOT analysis of the statutory and program documents of the political parties in the countries studied, there are problems.Conclusion. Certainly, political parties are making efforts to ensure equal opportunities and access for all ethnic groups to the economy, education, employment and so on, in order to promote the creation of a fair and inclusive society, while ensuring the civil rights of minority ethnic groups, or as it is called in international legal literature “national minorities”.
The Effectiveness of the Unified Agro-industrial Policy of the EAEU Is the Key to Success
Authors: Ageev A. I. , Zolotareva O. A. 
Published: November 2024

The increasing intensity of the sanctions pressure of Western countries on the Russian Federation as a locomotive ensuring the economic growth of the EAEU, as well as on the Republic of Belarus, the prospects of falling under secondary sanctions of other member countries of the Union, are inevitably reflected in the physical and economic availability of food both in each of the EAEU member countries and in the Union as a whole. The new situation requires an objective analysis of the potential for ensuring food security.Aim and tasks. To characterize the state and dynamics of agricultural production in the context of achieving food security of the EAEU member states for the period from 2014 to 2023.Methods. Based on official statistics from the Department of Statistics of the Eurasian Economic Commission, the Interstate Statistical Committee of the CIS and the national statistical committees of the EAEU member states, comparative analytics and descriptive statistics were used to assess the current state and analyze trends in agricultural production in the EAEU.Results. It has been revealed that the risks of food security in each of the EAEU member states are significantly reduced in the integration space, which is primarily facilitated by mutual provision of certain food products. At the same time, the determinant of food security of the EAEU is undoubtedly the sustainable development of agriculture, which has ensured the growth of physical availability of food products in the Union countries. Self-sufficiency in basic agricultural products at the Union level is assessed as high. However, a number of Union member countries have recorded risks for self-sufficiency in certain products of their own production, associated with possible interruptions in imports in the event of unforeseen situations.Conclusions. The risks associated with global food security are growing significantly in the world. The value of food resources, which some experts recognize as the “new oil”, is increasing [2]. Productive and stable growing agriculture in the EAEU is not only the basis for ensuring food security, but also the driver of sustainable macroeconomic development of both the Union as a whole and the EAEU member states.
Qualifying Assets as Strategic Intellectual Potential for Innovation Development of the EAEU
Authors: Ivanus A. I. 
Published: November 2024

It has been noted that in the legislative acts of the United States and the European Union, clauses have appeared indicating an intensification of the process of assessing qualifying assets, which has never happened in history. Naturally, this extraordinary step raises the need to identify the reasons motivating this phenomenon. A logical assumption has been made about the existence of a connection between this event and an attempt to create countermeasures on the part of the US leadership to the threat of the fall of the dollar as an international currency.Aim. Such a large-scale assessment exercise is considered from the point of view of its enormous potential economic effect and is proposed for use, but in the direction of a completely different goal — the development of proposals not only and not so much for the assessment of qualifying assets, but for the use of this assessment as a stimulus for economic growth and growth in the well-being of workers within the EAEU member countries.Tasks. Investigation of the proposed qualifying asset valuation exercise. Conducting an analysis of problems associated with the widespread practice of taking into account valuations in the authorized capital of enterprises of the EAEU member countries.Methods. A systematic approach to studying the problem of valuation and accounting of qualifying assets. Study and analysis of many years of world experience in the problems of practical assessment of human capital and capitalization of intellectual property in Russia and abroad.Results. The way to use the assessment of qualifying assets and accounting in the authorized capital of enterprises is shown in the interests of accelerating their joint innovative development of the EAEU member countries, as well as stimulating and increasing the importance of education and living standards in general.Conclusions. The process of assessing and accounting for qualifying assets in the authorized capital of an enterprise, in principle, as a progressive phenomenon, is inevitable, it is only a matter of time. For the EAEU member countries, the introduction of this process into practice will accelerate their innovative development and increase the social significance of higher education. Similar conclusions should be extended to the BRICS and SCO member countries.
Benefits and Vulnerabilities of the Free Trade Agreement for the EAEU Countries and China
Authors: Xintaoa W. , Zhiryaeva E. V. , Leting Zh. 
Published: November 2024

Aim. Objective is to formulate the position of the EAEU in the negotiations on the free trade area with China.Tasks. We determine the potential results of the creation of the China-EAEU free trade area for each country.Methods. The indices of complementarity and trade intensity were calculated, and the benefits to society from the abolition of customs tariffs were calculated using a partial equilibrium trade-policy simulation.Results. The study of supply and demand for excavators showed that the total benefit of consumers (the construction industry) from the abolition of customs duties only slightly exceeds the losses of producers and the government. Based on the complementarity assessment, it was found that the free trade agreement is more beneficial for China than for the EAEU countries — the structure of China’s exports better corresponds to the structure of imports of the EAEU countries. It was revealed that the exports of the EAEU countries to China are not diversified, and the main export goods face minimal tariffs — 0% for crude oil from Russia and Kazakhstan, 3% for potash fertilizers from Belarus, 0% for ores and concentrates of precious metals from Kyrgyzstan, 0% for copper ores and concentrates from Armenia. The EAEU countries may be interested in further liberalization of trade with China due to the intention to export frozen fish, corn, wheat and rice (Russia), tobacco (Kyrgyzstan and Armenia), meat and dairy products (Belarus), and cognac (Armenia).Conclusions. Reduction of duties on the specified goods may be the subject of a preliminary temporary agreement. A free trade zone may be created by finalizing the existing Agreement on Trade and Economic Cooperation between the EAEU and its Member States and the PRC. It is recommended that, in addition to including provisions on the abolition of customs duties, sections on trade in services, investments, and movement of individuals be included.
Modern Trends in International Legal Regulation of Railway Transportation within the EAEU
Authors: Drozdova M. A. 
Published: November 2024

The article deals with the current trends in the formation of the array of international legal regulation of the transport and logistics industry, particularly in the field of railway transportation, within the EAEU at the current stage of development. In 2022–2023, tectonic changes in world politics, manifested in the erosion of international security, led to changes in the nature of international cooperation at the global level. The main trend was the regionalization of economic and political cooperation, aggravation of the struggle for multipolarity of the world, which led to the formation of new economic blocs that require the creation of new paradigms of convergence of their transport and logistics ecosystems for fruitful trade and economic cooperation. Intensification of interaction both within the EAEU and the EAEU with other states entails the development of international legislation at the level of regional blocs, creating the basis for effective integration and cooperation processes.Aim. The purpose of the article is to study the current trends of the new paradigm of transport and logistics cooperation in the context of the current geopolitical agenda and the development of Industry 4.0 technologies to identify new vectors of interstate cooperation in the industry.Tasks. It is proposed to consider trends in the development of international legal regulation of EAEU cooperation in the field of convergence of transport and logistics ecosystems, both within the Union, as well as in the format of interaction with countries — strategic partners, such as Iran, China and others to create efficient chains of rail transportation in the Eurasian region.Methods. When conducting the research the author used comparative-legal, formal-legal methods, as well as deduction, system method and abstraction.Results. The idea of the necessity of further expansion of integration processes of transport and logistics ecosystems of EAEU of such partner states as Iran, China and India is substantiated.Conclusions. The complex geopolitical situation in 2022–2023 has given rise to a trend towards national-oriented development of the economies of individual states. Globalization trends in logistics have been replaced by the understanding of the priority of developing regional cooperation of developing countries in order to form a multipolar world. The formation of an array of international legal regulation of transport and logistics industry within the EAEU is aimed at ensuring its effectiveness, based on the idea of adding a block of leaders of the new world — developing countries of the Eurasian region, ensuring their economic sovereignty through the development of new logistics routes, including the possibility of using technologies and services of the new technological mode and providing digital connectivity of subjects of the transport sector.
Analysis of the Legislation of the EEU Countries in the Field of Combating Cybercrime
Authors: Klyukanova T. M. , Vinichenko A. T. , Khristinchenko K. Yu. 
Published: November 2024

The article presents an analysis of cybersecurity legislation in the member countries of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), focusing on Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Belarus. In four parts of the article, the main aspects of the legal regulation of cybercrime in each of these countries are considered, as well as problems and shortcomings in legislation are identified. Outdated norms and ambiguities in legislation that are unable to adequately respond to modern challenges of cybercrime are discussed. The importance of an integrated approach to cybersecurity is emphasized, which includes not only legal regulation, but also technical, organizational and educational measures. It is proposed to conduct a more in-depth analysis and comparison of legislation to identify common trends, differences and the effectiveness of measures taken in the fight against cybercrime.Aim. Analysis of the legislation of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) member states in the field of cybersecurity and cybercrime prevention, identification of common trends and differences, evaluation of the effectiveness of measures taken, and determination of directions for further improvement of cybersecurity in the region.Tasks. Analysis of the legislation of the EAEU member states in the field of cybersecurity, evaluation of measures taken to counter cyber threats, identification of common trends and differences in regulatory approaches, determination of directions for improving the legal framework and practical measures in combating cybercrime.Methods. Analysis of the legal acts of the EAEU member states on cybersecurity and cybercrime, comparative analysis to identify common trends and differences, evaluation of the effectiveness of legislation in countering cyber threats, identification of problems, and proposal of directions for improving the legal framework considering modern challenges in cybersecurity.Results. Expected improvement in information exchange and experience sharing, development of common strategies and standards in cybersecurity, reduction in the number of successful cyberattacks through joint efforts, and enhancement of the security level of information systems and data through joint technical and organizational measures.Conclusions. Cooperation among the EAEU member states in cybersecurity can lead to a reduction in the number of cybercrimes, enhancement of the security level of information systems and data, stimulation of innovative development in the digital sphere, and strengthening trust in electronic services and the development of the digital economy in the region, which are key aspects in the modern information society.
ANÁLISE DA COMPOSIÇÃO GRAVIMÉTRICA DOS RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS PRESENTES NA COMUNIDADE DE GUAJIRU, TRAIRI-CEARÁ
Authors: Araújo Amanda Moraes , Aquino Marisete Dantas de 
Published: November 2024

A gestão dos resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU) vem se manifestando como um desafio para o poder público e para a população, devido aos aspectos ambientais, econômicos e sociais. A análise da composição gravimétrica dos resíduos sólidos possibilita quantificar e distinguir a sua constituição, além de avaliar os fatores que determinam a origem desses resíduos, auxiliando na tomada de decisão e propiciando tratamento e destinação adequados. Dessa forma, o objetivo principal desse trabalho foi identificar as principais frações de materiais que compõem os resíduos na comunidade de Guajiru, Trairi, Ceará, de acordo com a composição gravimétrica. Para a amostragem utilizou-se o método de quarteamento estabelecido pela NBR 10.007/2004. Verificou-se a predominância de resíduos plásticos (39,15%), seguida por madeira (15,55%), resíduos da construção civil (13,50%), papel (9,73%), vidros (9,14%) e tecidos (0,97%). De acordo com os resultados, especula-se sobre a necessidade de redirecionar a destinação final dos resíduos gerados na comunidade, fortalecendo a cadeia de reciclagem e fornecendo subsídios para que a população adira à coleta seletiva.
Analysis of Environmental Footprints of Health Centers in Kangra District, Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Dogra Karina , Baweja Parminder Kaur , Thakur Komal , Bhanwala Vivek , Tomar Sakshi 
Published: November 2024

The experiment was conducted during December, 2020 to June, 2021 at Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh, India to evaluate the ecological footprint of 15 hospitals that were chosen at random. The purpose of this study was to assess the ecological impact of these medical facilities-which included both government and private hospitals—across five blocks of district. The ecological footprint framework was utilized to analyze factors such as food waste, solid waste, water consumption and energy consumption and material use, determining their impact on biocapacity. The average ecological footprints of the hospitals ranged from 116.5 to 271.4 global hectares (g ha). The ecological footprints varied across different blocks as follows Jawalamukhi (349.7 g ha), Dharamshala (535.6 g ha), Nurpur (698.3 g ha), Palampur (722.3 g ha), and Kangra (814.0 g ha). Notably, the hospitals in the Jawalamukhi block were the most sustainable, exhibiting the lowest ecological footprint. These results underscore the significant environmental impact of hospitals and the urgent need for initiatives to reduce their ecological footprint, particularly in the Kangra block. The results emphasize the importance of sustainable resource utilization in healthcare institutions to minimize their ecological footprint and promote environmental sustainability. To achieve a balance between providing healthcare services and protecting the environment, the research recommends extensive actions to enhance the effectiveness of resource utilization, waste management, and energy consumption in hospitals.