bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increasing revenues of offshore wind farms with co-located energy storage systems
Authors: Juhlin R , Eren E , Kloster E , Hoen MHJ‘t , Hörler M , Kharabe S , Buhagiar D 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Co-located onshore and offshore energy storage systems exhibit the potential of diversifying and increasing revenue streams of offshore wind farms. However, these systems should be designed and sized considering the power generation profile, the route to market of these assets, i.e. power trading strategy, and dynamics of the various segments of the power market. In this study, the feasibility of deploying subsea hydro-pneumatic storage systems was investigated. It was seen that if a 50MW capacity system with a storage duration of 4 hours is deployed in an offshore wind farm of 1000MW capacity, the wind farm can potentially participate in the day-ahead and ancillary services markets more confidently from a risk perspective. The relatively higher volatility in these markets presents an opportunity to improve economics of these offshore wind projects as long as costs can be kept under control.
Transnational experience exchange between countries towards speeding up EU renewable transition: example of Norway-Croatia
Authors: Lučin Ivana , Čarija Zoran , Teja Kandukuri Surya , Schlanbusch Rune 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The RePowerEU plan aims to increase wind energy capacity to 480 GW by 2030, with 300 GW coming from offshore wind farms, to achieve climate neutrality by 2050. Due to Croatia’s substantial dependence on nautical and coastal tourism, along with significant concerns regarding negative environmental impacts, the installation of offshore wind farms has not been previously considered. However, due to increased demand for renewables, the offshore energy potential resurfaced. The recent Action Plan for the Uptake of Offshore Renewable Energy Sources in Croatia (May 2023) estimated offshore wind potential at 25 GW and identified more than 29 000 km2 of area available for offshore renewables. Norway, with its extensive experience in offshore engineering and pioneering developments in offshore wind, is a suitable partner in joint innovation and a resource for tried and tested best practices. In this collaborative research, a review of relevant documents, research articles, and interviews with industry experts from both from Croatia and Norway was conducted to obtain a broader perspective of the implications of offshore development in Croatia. As an outcome of this preliminary research, the paper outlines the required evaluations in the Croatian context, in terms of the social, environmental, legislative, and technical aspects that are to be considered for large-scale integration of wind energy into the Croatian grid. It also identifies the necessary grid improvements to achieve a reliable and sustainable grid of the future.
Application of simplifying jacobian matrix and introducing iterative threshold to improve newton-raphson method in three-phase power flow calculation
Authors: Cui Jiadong , Wang Jiahui , Li Tengxiao , Zhao Ying , Pan Jianwei , Hua Yongzhu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
With the expansion of the scale and complexity of the power system, traditional three-phase power flow calculation methods are facing dual challenges of computational efficiency and accuracy. Power flow calculation is a mathematical method for analyzing the power flow of an electrical system. And the Newton-Raphson (NR) method is an effective algorithm for solving nonlinear problems. However, updating the Jacobian matrix in the NR method can take a lot of time. Based on the asymmetry in three-phase power systems and the time-consuming nature of the NR method, an enhanced version of the NR method is proposed in this paper that improves the efficiency of power flow calculations by simplifying the Jacobian matrix and optimizing the iteration speed. Furthermore, in order to minimize the number of iterations in the NR method, it is proposed to use the PO method to determine the ideal iteration threshold.
Parameters determination of the photovoltaic cell model
Authors: Zhao Yiman , Liu Ping 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The dual diode model of photovoltaic cells has high accuracy, but there are seven parameters to be sought. To improve the accuracy of photovoltaic cell models and facilitate parameters determination, a method for determining the parameters of a dual diode photovoltaic cell model is proposed based on the three state point data provided by photovoltaic cell manufacturers under standard testing conditions, using the maximum power point derivative method. By using the Simulink software, the photovoltaic cell model was simulated, and we can obtain that the maximum relative error of voltage of the model was 0.8139%, and the maximum relative error of power was 1.0537%, with significantly higher accuracy than the Rs
model and the Rp
model.
Load forecasting based on multi-core learning Support Vector Machine (SVM)
Authors: Si Junchen , Wang Yuanyuan , Guan Yongchang , Sun Yongjian , Zhang Shuangle , Zhang Zhishuai 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The development of smart grids requires enhanced data integration, robust risk assessment, and dynamic response optimization. In this paper, a multi-core learning Support Vector Machine (SVM) model is presented to improve the accuracy and efficiency of load and photovoltaic output forecasting. The model leverages kernel function optimization and parallel computing frameworks to handle large-scale data efficiently. Additionally, a comprehensive risk assessment system is developed to quantify risks such as overvoltage, undervoltage, line overload, and load loss in distribution networks. An adaptive genetic algorithm-based risk control model is also proposed, optimized in two stages—day-ahead and intra-day—to achieve minimal comprehensive risk through real-time adjustments in distributed power output and electric vehicle charging strategies. Furthermore, an integrated virtual synchronous control online verification method for source-network-load-storage is introduced, enhancing system response speed and control accuracy. These innovations collectively provide a solid theoretical foundation and technical support for the efficient and safe operation of smart grids, addressing the increasing demands of modern energy systems.
Research on energy interactive operation optimization strategy of multi-energy network with integrated energy based on cooperative game
Authors: Wu Simin , Dou Zhenlan , Du Yang , Zhang Chunyan , Chen Hongtao , Guo Lingyu , Yang Zhongguang , Yu Hui 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Integrated energy includes multi-energy networks such as electricity, gas, cold, and heat. Horizontal multi-energy coordination and vertical source network storage load interaction can effectively support large-scale new energy consumption. In this paper, a multi-energy flow model of the integrated energy multi-energy network is constructed, an optimization model of energy sharing and mutual benefit of the multi-energy network is established based on Nash negotiation, and then the model is solved to obtain the optimal distribution scheme of cooperation benefits. Finally, a numerical example is given to verify the proposed energy sharing and mutual benefit method. The results show that the total power generation cost of each park is reduced by 27%, and the profit distribution of each park is more reasonable.
Automated production of nerve repair constructs containing endothelial cell tube-like structures
Authors: Smith Poppy O , Huang Guanbingxue , Devries Kate , Nazhat Showan N , Phillips James B 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Engineered neural tissue (EngNT) is a stabilised aligned cellular hydrogel that offers a potential alternative to the nerve autograft for the treatment of severe peripheral nerve injury. This work aimed to automate the production of EngNT, to improve the feasibility of scalable manufacture for clinical translation. Endothelial cells were used as the cellular component of the EngNT, with the formation of endothelial cell tube-like structures mimicking the polarised vascular structures formed early on in the natural regenerative process. Gel aspiration-ejection for the production of EngNT was automated by integrating a syringe pump with a robotic positioning system, using software coded in Python to control both devices. Having established the production method and tested mechanical properties, the EngNT containing human umbilical vein endothelial cells (EngNT-HUVEC) was characterised in terms of viability and alignment, compatibility with neurite outgrowth from rat dorsal root ganglion neurons and formation of endothelial cell networks in vitro. EngNT-HUVEC manufactured using the automated system contained viable and aligned endothelial cells, which developed into a network of multinucleated endothelial cell tube-like structures inside the constructs and an outer layer of endothelialisation. The EngNT-HUVEC constructs were made in various sizes within minutes. Constructs provided support and guidance to regenerating neurites in vitro. This work automated the formation of EngNT, facilitating high throughput manufacture at scale. The formation of endothelial cell tube-like structures within stabilised hydrogels provides an engineered tissue with potential for use in nerve repair.
Corrigendum: A study on the effects of hybrid (SIC- PSSA) nano sized reinforcement on mechanical and tribological behaviour of Al alloy-based metal matrix composite produced by ultrasonic assisted stir casting (2024 Mater. Res. Express 11 075010)
Authors: Tenali Nagaraju , Ganesan G , Ravindra Babu P 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study focuses on the effects of hybrid reinforcement consisting of nanosized particles of Palm Sprout Shell Ash (PSSA) and silicon carbide (SiC) on the mechanical and tribological properties of the Al-Cu-Mg alloy. Hybrid reinforced composites with different weight percentages of SiC and PSSA (0:0, 0:4, 1:3, 2:2, and 4:0 wt%) were prepared using the ultrasonic-assisted bottom-poured stir casting technique. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to characterize the hybrid composite made of Al-Cu-Mg alloy. The optical and SEM microstructural analyses demonstrated an even distribution of SiC and PSSA nanosize reinforcements within the matrix. The EDS analysis revealed SiC and PSSA reinforcement particles in the composite. The mechanical properties (tensile, flexural, and impact strength) and wear properties (wear rate and coefficient of friction) of the composites and alloys were evaluated according to the ASTM standards. The hybrid reinforced composites outperformed the base alloy. Among all composites, the 2:2 wt% SIC and PSSA hybrid-reinforced composites exhibited a significant enhancement in both tensile and flexural strength, with a 22.64% and 27.64% increase in strength, respectively. However, the inclusion of these reinforcements led to a reduction in the ductility and impact strength of the Al-Cu-Mg alloy composite. The 0:4 wt% SiC- and PSSA-reinforced composites experienced the largest reductions in ductility and impact strength, with decreases of 47.67% and 4.38%, respectively. For the 2:2 wt% SiC and PSSA composites, these reductions were 23.64% and 3.19%, respectively. The SEM analysis of the fractured surfaces of the composites tested for mechanical properties revealed evidence of both ductile and brittle fracture mechanisms in the tensile, flexural, and impact tests. The wear behaviour of the prepared samples was evaluated, and all composites exhibited superior performance compared with the base alloy, demonstrating adhesive and abrasive wear mechanisms and varying friction coefficients. Among all the composites, the 2:2 wt% SiC- and PSSA-reinforced composites exhibited high wear resistance and a lower coefficient of friction than the other fabricated composites.
Investigation of laser sintering process parameters for anode foils in aluminium electrolytic capacitors considering temperature distribution
Authors: Zhang Qianqian , Cao Li 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The anode foil is a critical component of aluminium electrolytic capacitors, with its performance directly impacting the overall quality of the capacitors. Currently, sintered anode foil with excellent bending resistance and high specific capacitance is considered an ideal material for capacitor manufacturing; however, research on its optimal sintering parameters remains insufficient. In this study, a three-dimensional temperature field model is developed within the Comsol Multiphysics (6.0) environment, accounting for the temperature dependence of aluminium. By varying laser power and scanning speed, the temperature distribution along the laser scanning trajectory is determined, facilitating the identification of optimal process parameters for laser sintering anode foils in electrolytic capacitors. Subsequent laser sintering experiments validate the accuracy of these parameters. The findings indicate that the peak temperature of the molten pool rises with increased laser power and decreased scanning speed. The optimal process parameters for laser sintering anode foils in electrolytic capacitors are a powder layer thickness of 50 μm, a laser power of 140 W, and a scanning speed of 0.05 m s−1. The specific capacitance of laser-sintered anode foil, formed at voltages of 375 V and 520 V, ranges from 0.847 to 1.157 μF cm−2 and 0.717 to 0.935 μF cm−2, respectively, when the particle size is between 3 and 4 μm. A specific capacitance of 0.733 μF cm−2 can be achieved, which meets the performance requirements for aluminium electrolytic capacitors.
Annealing temperature-dependent microstructure, mechanical, and tribological properties of intercritically heat-treated dual-phase steel
Authors: Çiftçi Yusuf Sefa , Aygün Zeynep , Gecü Rıdvan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the role of intercritical annealing temperature on microstructural characteristics, mechanical performance, and wear resistance of DP1000 steel. As-received DP1000 steel samples in cold-rolled conditions were subjected to intercritical annealing between 730 and 880 °C with an interval of 30 °C, followed by water quenching. After heat treatment, the specimens were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical tests consisting of hardness, impact, and tensile tests, and dry sliding wear tests. The findings revealed that equiaxed ferrite grains replaced elongated ones, and the martensite ratio increased from 21% up to 64% with increasing annealing temperature. Due to the formation of equiaxed grains, the impact strength was at least doubled for each specimen by heat treatment, reaching a peak value (9.55 J cm−2) at 760 °C. The hardness (311 HB) and tensile strength (1007 MPa) of the as-received sample were higher than that of the annealed steels up to 820 °C. The mechanical strength of the samples improved at 850 and 880 °C by approximately 10%, and accordingly, the lowest wear rate was obtained at the specimen annealed at 850 °C. The increase in temperature up to 880 °C caused a decrease in wear resistance due to excessive brittleness.
The effect of cryogenic treatment on a high Co bearing DIN 1.2888 steel used as die in hot forging process
Authors: Kiraz Caner , Birol Burak , Sağın Ahmet 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Die steels used in metal forming processes require resilience in harsh conditions. Therefore, it becomes crucial to convert retained austenite into martensite and uniformly distribute fine carbide phases in these steels. Cobalt is known for its ability to enhance carbide formation in tool steels. In the present work, DIN 1.2888, a hot work tool steel characterized by high cobalt content, was subjected to the conventional HT and CT processes at −100, −140, and −180 °C for 6 h, then double-tempered. The properties of samples were investigated by XRD, SEM-EDS, and Microhardness analyses. The wear mechanism was investigated by a pin-on-disc wear testing device and the impact toughness of the samples was examined both at room temperature and the working temperature of the dies (350 °C). It was observed that decrease of the cryogenic treatment temperature resulted with a slight change on the hardness values of the samples from 507 HV to 529 HV, while impact toughness increased from 12.35 J to 23.44 J at 350 °C. Also, the wear rates of the samples exhibited a ∼50% decrease. It can be deduced that cryogenic treatment had positive effect on the properties of steel, depending on the retained austenite decrement and homogenous fine carbide density increment with the decreasing cryogenic treatment temperature.
Photocatalytic synthesis of chromeno[4,3-b]chromenes, serving as potential drugs in oral cavity and dentistry mediated by TiO2/Ag2WO4
Authors: Ma Ning , Liu Hongwei , Zhang Chunyan , Lv Pengfei , Zhang Juan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This research focused on a newly developed heterojunction nanocomposite, TiO2/Ag2WO4, which combines titanium dioxide (TiO2) and silver tungstate(VI) (TiO2/Ag2WO4) to enhance the photocatalytic performance. The TiO2/Ag2WO4 photocatalyst was characterized using FT-IR, XRD, DRS, PL, SEM, EDS, and XPS. TiO2/Ag2WO4 proved to be an effective nanophotocatalyst for synthesizing chromeno[4,3-b]chromene derivatives, which exhibit potential antibacterial and antifungal properties relevant to oral health issues like dental caries and periodontal disease. TiO2 can absorb light to generate electrons and holes when exposed to direct light; however, combining it with Ag2WO4 enhances its photocatalytic activity. The study also examined the effects of various factors such as the amount of photocatalyst, reaction time, temperature, solvent choice, and the reusability of the nanocomposite. The best reaction condition involves 1 mmol of dimedone, benzaldehyde, and 4-hydroxycoumarin in the presence of 15 mg TiO2/Ag2WO4 in 3 ml ethanol under irradiation of a green laser at room temperature for 60 min. Findings of this investigation show that TiO2/Ag2WO4 heterojunction is one of the best among the similar introduced counterparts in photocatalytic synthesis of chromeno[4,3-b]chromene derivatives.
On the degree of uniformity measure for probability distributions
Authors: Rajaram R , Ritchey N , Castellani B 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A key challenge in studying probability distributions is quantifying the inherent inequality within them. Certain parts of the distribution have higher probabilities than others, and our goal is to measure this inequality using the concept of mathematical diversity, a novel approach to examining inequality. We introduce a new measure m

D
(P), called the degree of uniformity measure on a given probability space that generalizes the idea of the slope of secant of the slope of diversity curve. This measure generalizes the idea of degree of uniformity of a contiguous part (P = {k
1, k
2} in the discrete case or P = (a, b) in the continuous case) in a probability space related to a random variable X, to an arbitrary measurable part P. We also demonstrate the truly scale free and self-contained nature of the concept of degree of uniformity by relating the measure of two parts P
1 and P
2 from completely unrelated distributions with random variables X
1 and X
2 that have completely different scales of variation.
Tribological effects of varying volumetric energy density in additive manufacturing of inconel 718
Authors: Paramasivam Premkumar , Natesan Sathishkumar , Antony Sebastian Ruskin Bruce , Vijayakumar Sriiram 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the novel effects of varying volumetric energy density (VED) ratios on the tribological characteristics of Inconel 718 alloy fabricated using Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) process. Nine VED ratios were investigated, and samples underwent non-contact surface roughness tests, Vickers microhardness tests, and residual stress analysis. Notably, this study identified specific VED conditions where superior wear resistance was achieved, contributing new insights into optimizing LPBF parameters for tribological performance. Based on preliminary analysis, samples 1, 3, and 8 were selected for ball-on-disc wear testing. Sample 8, fabricated with 330 W laser power, 50 mm s−1 scan speed, 0.10 mm hatch spacing, and 0.05 mm layer thickness, demonstrated superior tribological behaviour with a 32.12% and 52.11% lower friction coefficient and 31% and 29.92% less mass loss compared to samples 1 and 3, respectively. The presence of γ-Ni, γ′-Ni3 (Al, Ti), γ-FCC, and γ′-L12 phases, along with microstructural features such as columnar and cellular dendritic structures, were confirmed via SEM and x-ray diffraction analyses. This study’s novel findings contribute valuable knowledge for optimizing Inconel 718 production via LPBF, particularly in enhancing wear resistance through tailored VED settings.
Design and research of high voltage β-Ga2O3/4H-SiC heterojunction LDMOS
Authors: Bian Daqing , Luan Suzhen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In recent years, gallium oxide (Ga2O3), one of the ultra-wide band-gap semiconductor materials, has been regarded as one of the most promising materials in the field of high-voltage and high-power electronic devices in the future because of its unique electrical properties and low preparation cost. However, it is difficult for β-Ga2O3 materials to form effective P-type doping, so the PN junction is not formed in most of its power devices, which greatly limits the improvement of its voltage resistance. A novel lateral double-diffused metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (LDMOS) is proposed to realize a junction β-Ga2O3 power device and improve the voltage resistance performance of β-Ga2O3 power devices. In this device, a β-Ga2O3 power device with a junction is realized by using P-type 4H-SiC to form a PN junction with N-type β-Ga2O3, and the voltage resistance of the β-Ga2O3 power device is improved. Sentaurus TCAD software was used to simulate the device structure and electrical performance. The device is optimized by adjusting the length of the drift zone, drift zone concentration, SiC channel concentration, and gate oxide thickness. Optimized, the device exhibits a positive threshold voltage of 3.42 V, a breakdown voltage of 2203 V, a specific on-resistance of 7.80 mΩ·cm2, and a power figure of merit of 622 MW cm−2. The results show that the heterojunction device is significant for realizing high-performance junction β-Ga2O3 power devices.
Accelerating graph-based tracking tasks with symbolic regression
Authors: Soybelman Nathalie , Schiavi Carlo , Di Bello Francesco A , Gross Eilam 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The reconstruction of particle tracks from hits in tracking detectors is a computationally intensive task due to the large combinatorics of detector signals. Recent efforts have proven that ML techniques can be successfully applied to the tracking problem, extending and improving the conventional methods based on feature engineering. However, complex models can be challenging to implement on heterogeneous trigger systems, integrating architectures such as field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Deploying the network on an FPGA is feasible but challenging and limited by its resources. An efficient alternative can employ symbolic regression (SR). We propose a novel approach that uses SR to replace a graph-based neural network. Substituting each network block with a symbolic function preserves the graph structure of the data and enables message passing. The technique is perfectly suitable for heterogeneous hardware, as it can be implemented more easily on FPGAs and grants faster execution times on CPU with respect to conventional methods. While the tracking problem is the target for this work, it also provides a proof-of-principle for the method that can be applied to many use cases.