bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Granulationsgewebe: Pitfall in der Therapiekontrolle mit F-18-FDG-PET nach Chemotherapie
Authors: Wit M. de , Buchert R. , Igel B. , Bohuslavizki K. H. , Lorenzen J. 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungFDG-Speicherung in Entzündungsherden als Ursache für falsch positive Befunde bei der FDG-PET in der primären Tumor- und Metastasendiagnostik ist in der Literatur belegt. Der vorliegende Fall zeigt, daß die vermehrte Speicherung von FDG in aktivierten neutrophilen Granulozyten und Makrophagen auch in der Therapieverlaufskontrolle unter Chemotherapie zu berücksichtigen ist. Bei einem 52jährigem Patienten wurde eine FDG-PET nach Abschluß der Chemotherapie eines Non-Hodgin-Lymphoms des Abdomens mit der Frage nach verbliebener Tumorvitalität durchgeführt. In der FDG-PET fand sich im Randbereich des persistierenden Restbefundes ein erhöhter Glukosestoffwechsel. Histologisch war dieser Befund auf umgebendes Granulationsgewebe mit zentralen nekrotischen Tumoranteilen zurückzuführen.
High-Activity Samarium-153-EDTMP Therapy in Unresectable Osteosarcoma
Authors: Bielack S. , Sciuk J. , Yollet B. , Jürgens H. , Schober O. , Franzius Christiane 
Published: March 2018

SummaryDespite highly efficacious chemotherapy, patients with osteosarcomas still have a poor prognosis if adequate surgical control cannot be obtained. We applied high-activity Sm-153-EDTMP therapy within a multimodal therapy concept to improve local control of an unresectable osteosarcoma with poor response to initial polychemotherapy. A 21-yearold woman with an extended, unresectable pelvic osteosarcoma and multiple pulmonary metastases was treated with high-activity of Sm-153- EDTMP (150 MBq/kg BW, total 8.1 GBq). Afterwards external radiotherapy of the primary tumor site was performed and polychemotherapy was continued, followed by autologous peripheral blood stem cell reinfusion. Within 48 h after Sm-153-EDTMP application the patient had complete pain relief. After three weeks the response was documented by 3-phase Tc-99m-MDP bone scintigraphy (primary tumor and metastases: decreased tracer uptake), whole-body F-18-FDG-PET (primary tumor and metastases: diminution of glucose metabolism) and thoracic CT (metastases: reduction of size). The present case warrants further evaluation of feasibility and efficacy of this multimodal therapy combination of high-activity Sm-153-EDTMP therapy, external radiation, polychemotherapy and stem cell support for unresectable osteosarcomas.
Heterogeneity of Cerebral Blood Flow: a Fractal Approach
Authors: Hartikainen P. , Kuikka J. T. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Aim: We demonstrate the heterogeneity of regional cerebral blood flow using a fractal approach and singlephoton emission computed tomography (SPECT). Method: Tc-99m-labelled ethylcysteine dimer was injected intravenously in 10 healthy controls and in 10 patients with dementia of frontal lobe type. The head was imaged with a gamma camera and transaxial, sagittal and coronal slices were reconstructed. Two hundred fifty-six symmetrical regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn onto each hemisphere of functioning brain matter. Fractal analysis was used to examine the spatial heterogeneity of blood flow as a function of the number of ROIs. Results: Relative dispersion (= coefficient of variation of the regional flows) was fractal-like in healthy subjects and could be characterized by a fractal dimension of 1.17 ± 0.05 (mean ± SD) for the left hemisphere and 1.15 ± 0.04 for the right hemisphere, respectively. The fractal dimension of 1.0 reflects completely homogeneous blood flow and 1.5 indicates a random blood flow distribution. Patients with dementia of frontal lobe type had a significantly lower fractal dimension of 1.04 ± 0.03 than in healthy controls. Conclusion: Within the limits of spatial resolution of SPECT, the heterogeneity of brain blood flow is well characterized by a fractal dimension. Fractal analysis may help brain scientists to assess age-, sex- and laterality-related anatomic and physiological changes of brain blood flow and possibly to improve precision of diagnostic information available for patient care.
One-year Follow-up of Neuropsychology, MRI, rCBF and Glucose Metabolism (rMRGlu) in Cerebral Microangiopathy
Authors: Hellwig D. , Schreckenberger M. , Schneider R. , Kaiser H.-J. , Wagenknecht G. , Setani K. , Reinartz P. , Zimny M. , Mull M. , Ringelstein E.-B. , Büll U. , Sabri O. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Background: MRI shows lacunar infarctions (LI), deep white matter lesions (DWML) and atrophy in cerebral microangiopathy, which is said to lead to vascular dementia. In a first trial series on 57 patients with confirmed pure cerebral microangiopathy (without concomitant macroangiopathy), neuropsychological impairment and (where present) brain atrophy correlated with decreased rCBF and rMRGlu. LI and DWML did not correlate with either neuropsychological impairment or decreased rCBF/rMRGIu. This study was done one year later to detect changes in any of the study parameters. Methods: 26 patients were re-examined for rCBF, rMRGlu, LI, DWML, atrophy and neuropsychological performance (7 cognitive, 3 mnestic, 4 attentiveness tests). Using a special head holder for exact repositioning, rCBF (SPECT) and rMRGlu (PET) were measured and imaged slice by slice. White matter/cortex were quantified using MRI-defined ROIs. Results: After one year the patients did not show significant decreases in rCBF or rMRGlu either in cortex or in white matter (p >0.05), nor did any patient show LI, DWML or atrophy changes on MRI. There were no significant neuropsychological decreases (p >0.05). Conclusions: Cerebral microangiopathy ought to show progressive neuropsychological, functional (rCBF, rMRGlu) and morphological deterioration over periods >1 year. It is unlikely that direct cortical damage (e.g., incomplete infarction) is responsible for neuropsychological impairment since one-year follow-up of our patients revealed no progression of brain atrophy or any other cortical damage.
Individuelle Bestimmung der minimal erforderlichen Levothyroxindosis bei Langzeit-Suppressionstests
Authors: Schroth H.-J. , Holle L.-H. , Garth H. , Rink Th. 
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ziel: Diese Arbeit ermittelt anhand einer größeren Fallzahl eine Formel zur Bestimmung der individuell minimal erforderlichen Levothyroxindosis bei Langzeit-Suppressionstests in Abhängigkeit von Körpergewicht und TSH-Spiegel. Methode: 1239 euthyreote Patienten (TSH >0,30 mU/l), die für mindestens 6 Wochen mit Levothyroxin substituiert wurden, bilden die Grundlage dieser Studie. Die Hormonmenge orientierte sich dabei primär am initial gemessenen TSH-Spiegel. Als Richtgröße für die Dosis diente der empirische Wert TSH × 100. Minimal wurden 50, maximal 150 μg/d verabreicht. Ergebnisse: Bei 900 Patienten (73%) war der TSH-Spiegel unter der laufenden Medikation supprimiez (TSH <0,30 mU/l). Darunter fanden sich 211 Fälle mit einer mittleren TSH-Suppression (TSH zwischen 0,10 und 0,20 mU/l). Ausgehend von dieser Gruppe errechnet sich nach der Formel f = Levothyroxindosis μg]/(Körpergewicht [kg] × initial gemessenes TSH [mU/l]) ein durchschnittlicher Faktor von 1,57 zur Ermittlung der suppressiven Dosis. Da in der Regel eine vollständige TSH-Suppression (<0,10 mU/l) angestrebt wird, empfiehlt sich für die praktische Durchführung der Faktor 2. Die Berücksichtigung des Körpergewichts ergab, daß bei 313 Patienten die tatsächliche Substitutionsdosis dem Wert 2 × Gewicht × TSH entsprach. Dabei fand sich in 262 Fällen (84%) eine TSH-Suppression, eine Hyperthyreosis factitia wurde nicht beobachtet. Bei Betrachtung der drei Untergruppen dieses Kollektivs, deren Substitutionsdosis 50, 75 bzw. 100 μg Levothyroxin/d betrug, zeigte sich weder ein signifikanter Unterschied des durchschnittlichen Patientengewichts noch des TSH-Spiegels unter Suppressionsbedingungen. Die Korrelation der mittleren initialen TSH-Titer mit der jeweiligen suppressiven Hormondosis belegt allerdings deren Abhängigkeit vom thyreotropen Regelkreis. Schlußfolgerung: Die minimale suppressive Levothyroxindosis hängt nicht nur vom Körpergewicht, sondern auch von der TSH-Sekretion ab. Sie kann durch die Formel 2 × Körpergewicht × basales TSH (minimal 50, maximal 150 μg/d) ermittelt werden.
Der Röntgenthorax: Routineindikation in der Nachsorge des differenzierten Schilddrüsenkarzinoms?
Authors: Beese M. , Mester J. , Brumma K. , Beyer W. , Clausen M. , Lorenzen J. 
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ziel: Anhand einer retrospektiven Untersuchung wurde überprüft, inwieweit der routinemäßige Einsatz des Röntgenthorax auch bei Low-risk-Patienten trotz der hohen Sensitivität des Tumormarkers Thyreoglobulin sinnvoll ist. Methode: Es wurden die Krankengeschichten von 609 Patienten mit einem differenzierten Schilddrüsenkarzinom ausgewertet. Bei 50 Patienten wurde eine pulmonale Metastasierung diagnostiziert. Der Thyreoglobulinwert zum Zeitpunkt der Diagnosestellung der pulmonalen Metastasierung wurde mit dem Befund des Röntgenthorax und der vorhandenen weiteren Diagnostik, wie der lod-131-Ganzkörperszintigraphie und CT des Thorax, soweit vorhanden, verglichen. Ergebnisse: Die gefundene Sensitivität des Röntgenthorax im Nachweis von Lungenmetastasen lag mit 52% unterhalb der Sensitivität der 131 -lod-Ganzkörperszintigraphie (64%), der Thorax-CT (82%) und der Sensitivität des Thyreoglobulins unter Suppressionsbedingungen (86%). Bei Patienten mit papillärem Schilddrüsenkarzinom der Tumorstadien I und II entwickelte nur ein Patient im Verlauf eine Lungenmetastasierung. Der Nachweis von Lungenfiliae nur mit Hilfe des Röntgenthorax bei einem Thyreoglobulinwert unter der Nachweisgrenze ist in einer solchen Low-risk-Gruppe sehr selten (berechnete Wahrscheinlichkeit: 1:4000) und mit erheblichen Kosten verbunden. Schlußfolgerung: Der routinemäßige, lebenslange Einsatz des Röntgenthorax ohne Rezidivverdacht (z. B. Thyreoglobulin positiv) ist für Low-risk-Patienten zu überdenken.
Lateral Tibial Head Buttress Plate: Use in a Pathological Femoral Fracture Secondary to a Bone Cyst in a Dog
Authors: VanEnkevort B. , Dueland R. T. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryA ten-month-old neutered Siberian Husky dog sustained a long oblique diaphyseal right femoral fracture which extended into and was secondary to a large metaphyseal bone cyst. The cyst was curetted and bone grafted. To attain adequate fracture and cyst stabilization, an AO/ASIF left tibial head buttress plate was used. Due to the unique configuration and curvature of the plate, three of 11 screws were placed in unaffected epiphyseal bone. This contributed to good frictional apposition of the plate to the bone with resultant excellent fracture stability. Twenty-six weeks after the operation the fracture and cyst had healed and the dog had full function of the limb. The lateral tibial head buttress plate should be considered for use in supracondylar femoral fractures, in large dogs, because of ease of application, good conformity to the distal curvature of the femur, plate stiffness and the resultant stability.A human tibial plate was used to stabilize a difficult femoral fracture which occurred secondary to a bone cyst. The unique dimensions and shape of the plate facilitated excellent conformity of the plate to the bone and enabled adequate screw fixation in the epiphysis distal to the grafted metaphyseal cyst defect. The fracture and cyst were healed at 26 weeks with excellent limb function.
Cystic Bone Lesions in Horses and Humans: A Comparative Review
Authors: McIlwraith C. W. , Auer J. A. , von Rechenberg Brigitte 
Published: March 2018

SummaryCases of cystic bone lesions in horses and humans were reviewed in the literature. These lesions are radiolucent areas of bone, recognized as subchondral cystic lesions in the horse (SCL), intra-osseous ganglia (IOG), subchondral bone cysts secondary to osteoarthrosis (OAC), and unicameral bone cysts (UCB) in humans. Their morphology is quite similar, consisting of lesions with a distinct cyst wall, and a cavity filled with fibrous tissue and yellowish mucoid fluid. The lesions are surrounded by sclerotic bone and can be easily diagnosed radiographically. SCL, IOG and OAC occur in the subchondral bone close to the adjacent joint, whereas UCB occur in the metaphysis of long bones. Their aetiology and pathogenesis is still unknown, although primary damage to the subchondral bone, cartilage or local blood supply and growth disturbances are discussed. In this review 703 lesions of SCL in horses, 289 lesions of IOG and 1460 lesions of UCB in humans were compared in their anatomical location and clinical signs. SCL and OAC resembled each other with respect to anatomical location. A correlation of affected bones could not be found for all four groups. Clinical presentation concerning age was most similar for SCL and UCB with both lesions mainly occurring in young individuals. Gender predominance of males was present in SCL, IOG and UCB. Clinical diagnosis was either incidental, or connected with intermittent pain in all lesions except for OAC. Additionally, the lesions were also found in conjunction with degenerative joint disease (SCL, OAC) or pathological fractures (UCB). Cystic bone lesions were either treated conservatively, surgically with curettage alone, curettage in combination with grafting procedures, or intra-lesional application of corticosteroids. SCL and UCB were similar in their biological behaviour concerning their slow response to the therapy and relatively high recurrence rate. None of the cystic bone lesions were comparable, and a common aetiology and pathogenesis could not be found.In a literature review cases of cystic bone lesions in horses and humans were compared with the goal to find a common aetiology and pathogenesis. Cystic bone lesions occur in horses as subchondral cystic lesions (SCL), and in humans as either intra-osseous ganglia (IOG), subchondral cystic lesions secondary to osteoarthrosis (OAC) or unicameral bone cysts (UCB). IOG and OAC compare with SCL mainly in the anatomical location. IOG and SCL resemble each other in size, clinical signs and histology, whereas UCB and SCL show a similar biological behaviour regarding their therapeutic response and recurrence rate. None of the cystic bone lesions in humans were comparable to the SCL in horses in all aspects. A common aetiology and pathogenesis could not be established.
An In Vitro Biomechanical Investigation of Compression Plating with Cable Cerclage for Repair of Oblique Osteotomies in Foal Femurs
Authors: Wilson D. A. , Carson W. L. , Keegan K. G. , Frankeny Rebecca L. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryLong oblique diaphyseal osteotomies were created in 14 pairs of femurs from cadaver foals less than six months of age. One bone from each pair was repaired using two dynamic compression plates (DP), and the other was repaired using a dynamic compression plate with cable cerclage (CC). Seven pairs were tested in compression and seven pairs in craniolateral-caudomedial (CrL-CdM) three-point bending.A difference was not found in mean (± SD) breaking strength in compression between the DP (7257.19 ± 2004.08 N) and CC (7761.41 ± 2552.91 N) techniques. Nor was there a difference in mean stiffness in compression between the DP (2533.83 ± 1777.38 N/mm) and CC (3177.98 ± 1694.70 N/mm) techniques. There was no difference in mean stiffness in three-point bending between the DP (244.60 ± 60.80 N/mm) and CC (195.50 ± 80.90 N/mm) techniques. The mean bending breaking strength and bending moment for the DP technique (2839.36 ± 199.46 N and 124,932.00 ± 8776.38 N mm) was significantly (P = 0.02) greater than the CC technique (1940.39 ± 732.80 N and 85,377.72 ± 32243.34 N mm).The CC system was inferior to the DP technique in CrL-CdM three-point bending strength and moment, but provided equal bending stiffness and equal compressive strength and stiffness.The use of compression plating with cable cerclage was compared to double plating for repair of long oblique osteotomies in foal femurs. The repairs were tested in compression and 3-point bending. The compression plate with cable cerclage was inferior to double plating in bending strength and moment, but provided equal compressive strength and stiffness.
Effects of Acceleration on Ground Reaction Forces Collected in Healthy Dogs at a Trot
Authors: Rytz U. , Johnston S. A. , Budsberg S. C. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe aim of this study was to assess, whether or not, visual grading of changes in subject acceleration during force plate collection within a fixed, measured velocity range was adequate to control acceleration/deceleration. A second question was, whether or not, visual grading of the trials was adequate to prevent significant changes in ground reaction forces within a controlled velocity range. Eight healthy, non-chondrodysplastic dogs, of varying breeds, were used in the study. Each dog was tested in four different protocols. The order in which the dogs completed the different protocols was determined randomly. During all of the protocols, the dogs trotted across the measured testing area within a velocity range of 1.6 to 1.9 m/s. The protocols varied in the amount of acceleration or deceleration allowed in the testing area and the methods of evaluating the acceleration or deceleration. Significant differences in ground reaction force measurements were found, with variations in the acceleration and deceleration. The majority of changes were found in the craniocaudal axis during acceleration and deceleration. Vertical axis measurements were only altered in the rear limbs. Significant differences were not found in any measurement (except the stance phase duration in the rear limb) between the mechanically controlled minimal acceleration/deceleration variation protocol and the visually controlled acceleration/deceleration variation protocol. While visual observation was unable to consistently differentiate acceleration, or deceleration, changes through the testing area, it was able to eliminate enough variation in ground reaction force measurements so that differences were not found between the mechanically controlled minimal acceleration/ deceleration variation protocol nor the visually controlled acceleration/deceleration variation protocol. These results suggest that either method of collection may be acceptable for data collection depending upon the type of study being performed.The effects of acceleration variation were examined in dogs undergoing force plate gait analysis. Significant differences in ground reaction force measurements were found, with variations in the acceleration and deceleration. The majority of changes were found in the craniocaudal axis, during acceleration and deceleration. Visual observation was unable to consistently differentiate variations in acceleration through the testing area.
Osteogenesis imperfecta in Three Dogs from a Single Litter
Authors: deHaan J. J. , Peck J. N. , Campbell Bonnie , Ginn Pamela , Phillips Lynette , Suero A. , Chase B. J. , Lazar T. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThree American Cream puppies from a litter of six were admitted for evaluation and treatment of lameness caused by multiple pathological fractures. Because of a poor prognosis, all three of the affected dogs were ultimately euthanatized. Based on the histopathological findings of the bones and a collagen analysis from cultured skin fibroblast cells which confirmed the presence of abnormal type I collagen, the presumptive diagnosis was osteogenesis imperfecta. In humans, more than 90% of the cases of osteogenesis imperfecta are caused by defects in type I collagen (11). Osteogenesis imperfecta has rarely been described in animals and none of the previous reports document the disease in more than one dog from a single litter.Three American Cream puppies from a litter of six developed multiple pathologic features without a history of trauma. A diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta was made based on histopathology and results of type I collagen analysis from cultured skin fibroblasts.
Maxillofacial surgery: maxillary osteosynthesis craneomaxillofacial CMS-titanium plates
Authors: Vallés M. A. , Vérez-Fraguela J. L. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryA maxillary fracture is presented which we classified as Le Fort Type III. Treatment was by the application of two craniomaxillofacial CMS titanium plates placed intrabuccally and paramedially on both sides of the palatal suture.This technique was used as an alternative to the classical treatment using interdental wires or intermaxillary fixation.A clinical case was diagnosed with a craniofacial fracture caused from being bitten by another dog. This was successfully treated using CMS titanium plates. Many methods exist for maxillofacial fixation, from the cyanocrylates to interdental wires, etc. The indications for these plates are similar to other methods of fixation. Due to their small mass they are ideal for use in fragile bones with little soft tissue covering.
Force plate analyses before and after surgical treatment of unilateral fragmented coronoid process
Authors: Hazewinkel H. A. W. , van den Brom W. E. , Theyse L. F. H. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryIn this prospective study force plate analysis was used to investigate the locomotor aspects of unilateral fragmented medial coronoid process (FCP) and the effects of surgical treatment in seven dogs. The diagnosis unilateral FCP. was based on clinical and radiological examination of both elbow joints and confirmed during surgery. Radiological screening of the elbow joints was repeated at six months after surgery to determine the osteoarthritis (OA) score and to exclude any bilateral involvement. Force plate analyses were performed at three consecutive intervals: prior to surgery, at six weeks and at six months after surgery. The peak braking force Fymax, peak propulsive force-Fymin, peak vertical force-Fzmax and the corresponding impulses Iymax, Iymin and Iz were determined. The symmetry index SI of these forces and impulses (ratio affected side : contralateral side) in the front limbs was assessed to evaluate the locomotion. The combination of the Sis of Fymin, Fymax, Iymin, Iymax and Iz proved to be more sensitive in determining front limb lameness due to unilateral FCP than the SI of the peak vertical force Fzmax. The SI of Fzmax had returned to within the normal range at six months after surgery for all seven dogs, whereas the other parameters showed persisting abnormalities in two dogs. In this study the improvement after surgical treatment of the SI of both Fymin and Iymin was significant at P<0.05. All of the joints showed progressive radiological signs of OA at six months after surgery.The effects of unilateral fragmented medial coronoid process on the ground reaction forces of the front limbs and the effects of surgical treatment were evaluated using force plate analysis. Surgical treatment seemed to have a favorable outcome, despite radiological progression of osteoarthritis.
Contribution of periarticular tissue to stabilization of the canine stifle joint after cranial cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Hulse D. A. , Slater M. R. , Hart R. C. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryBiomechanical analysis of the contribution of extracapsular tissues to the stability of normal and cranial cruciate ligament-deficient stifle joints was done using a five degree of freedom test apparatus which allowed quantification of tibial translation. In joints without periarticular tissue, the intracapsular graft technique used achieved joint stability similar to that of the normal cranial cruciate ligament. Our results indicate that the periarticular tissues did not significantly add to the post-operative stability of the stifle after intracapsular reconstruction.