bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct Photolithography of WOx Nanoparticles for High-Resolution Non-Emissive Displays
Authors: Gu Chang , Yang Guojian , Wang Wenxuan , Shi Aiyan , Fang Wenjuan , Qian Lei , Hu Xiaofei , Zhang Ting , Xiang Chaoyu , Zhang Yu-Mo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHigh-resolution non-emissive displays based on electrochromic tungsten oxides (WOx) are crucial for future near-eye virtual/augmented reality interactions, given their impressive attributes such as high environmental stability, ideal outdoor readability, and low energy consumption. However, the limited intrinsic structure of inorganic materials has presented a significant challenge in achieving precise patterning/pixelation at the micron scale. Here, we successfully developed the direct photolithography for WOx nanoparticles based on in situ photo-induced ligand exchange. This strategy enabled us to achieve ultra-high resolution efficiently (line width < 4 µm, the best resolution for reported inorganic electrochromic materials). Additionally, the resulting device exhibited impressive electrochromic performance, such as fast response (< 1 s at 0 V), high coloration efficiency (119.5 cm2 C−1), good optical modulation (55.9%), and durability (> 3600 cycles), as well as promising applications in electronic logos, pixelated displays, flexible electronics, etc. The success and advancements presented here are expected to inspire and accelerate research and development (R&D) in high-resolution non-emissive displays and other ultra-fine micro-electronics.
A Systematic Review of Social Media Use and Adolescent Identity Development
Authors: Avci Hamide , Baams Laura , Kretschmer Tina 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSocial media have become a new context for adolescent identity development. However, it is challenging to build a thorough understanding of how social media and identity development are related because studies refer to different facets of social media engagement and use diverse concepts related to identity. This review synthesizes research on the relationships between quantity and quality of social media use and different dimensions of identity development, including identity exploration and commitment, self-concept clarity, and identity distress. The search conducted across four databases yielded 4,467 records, of which 32 studies were included in the analysis, comprising 19,658 adolescents with a mean age of 16.43 years (SD = 1.81) and an age range of eight to 26 years. Active participation in social media, rather than the amount of time spent on it, was associated with more identity exploration. Authenticity on social media, not idealized self-presentation, correlated with higher self-concept clarity. Additionally, adolescents who engaged in comparisons on social media demonstrated higher levels of identity exploration and identity distress. Overall, it seems to matter more for identity development what young people do on social media than how much time they spend on it.
Optimising Insider Threat Prediction: Exploring BiLSTM Networks and Sequential Features
Authors: Manoharan Phavithra , Hong Wei , Yin Jiao , Wang Hua , Zhang Yanchun , Ye Wenjie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractInsider threats pose a critical risk to organisations, impacting their data, processes, resources, and overall security. Such significant risks arise from individuals with authorised access and familiarity with internal systems, emphasising the potential for insider threats to compromise the integrity of organisations. Previous research has addressed the challenge by pinpointing malicious actions that have already occurred but provided limited assistance in preventing those risks. In this research, we introduce a novel approach based on bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) networks that effectively captures and analyses the patterns of individual actions and their sequential dependencies. The focus is on predicting whether an individual would be a malicious insider in a future day based on their daily behavioural records over the previous several days. We analyse the performance of the four supervised learning algorithms on manual features, sequential features, and the ground truth of the day with different combinations. In addition, we investigate the performance of different RNN models, such as RNN, LSTM, and BiLSTM, in incorporating these features. Moreover, we explore the performance of different predictive lengths on the ground truth of the day and different embedded lengths for the sequential features. All the experiments are conducted on the CERT r4.2 dataset. Experiment results show that BiLSTM has the highest performance in combining these features.
Pediatric Care Proximity in Germany: A Comparative Study of Regional Accessibility
Authors: Neumeier Stefan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn Germany, healthcare provision is governed by the Bedarfsplanungs-Richtlinie (Needs Planning Directive), which sets national guidelines for determining regional treatment capacities based on population-to-physician ratios and morbidity rates. Despite these regulations, spatial imbalances persist, resulting in physician oversupply in attractive and undersupply in peripheral areas, impacting pediatric care accessibility. This study examines changes in the distribution, accessibility, and capacity of pediatricians nationwide using official location data from 2011 and 2021. Utilizing Kernel Density Estimate, Raster-Based Accessibility Analysis and Enhanced Two-Step Floating Catchment Area Analysis methods, disparities in pediatrician accessibility, particularly between rural and non-rural areas as well as between the individually available means of transport car, bicycle, foot, and foot plus public transport are identified. The analysis results suggest that disparities in pediatrician accessibility exists especially between rural and non-rural areas. Generally, throughout all analyzed means of transport, non-rural regions tend to have higher rates of pediatrician accessibility, whereas rural areas and especially the rural hinterland experience the opposite, often with significantly lower accessibility levels or even inaccessibility, especially when it comes to the means of transport bicycle, foot, and foot plus public transport. This suggests that rural regions face distinct challenges in accessing pediatric healthcare, closely related to the availability of individually usable modes of transportation, warranting targeted interventions.
AI-based removal of hate speech from digital social networks: chances and risks for freedom of expression
Authors: Dietrich Frank 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGiven the enormous number of posts, major digital social networks, such as Facebook, must rely on artificial intelligence (AI) systems to regulate hate speech. This article explores the risks for free speech that the automated deletion of posts entails and discusses how AI systems can be subjected to human control. In a first step, the article examines the relevance of the individual right to freedom of expression for privately operated Internet platforms. It then highlights the specific risks that arise when AI systems are entrusted with the task of identifying and removing hate speech. The recently passed EU AI Act represents the most ambitious attempt to date to regulate high-risk AI applications. The article examines whether and, if so, to what extent the various forms of human oversight mentioned in the EU AI Act are feasible in the area of hate speech regulation. Three core theses are put forward: First, the deletion of hate speech by AI systems constitutes a high-risk application that requires an extension of the regulatory scope of the EU AI Act. Second, ex-post monitoring is the only feasible kind of human supervision but fails to guarantee full protection of the individual right to freedom of expression. Third, despite this shortcoming, the implementing of ex-post monitoring is necessary and legitimate to curb hate speech on digital social networks.
Structural sizing and mass estimation of transport aircraft wings with distributed, hydrogen, and electric propulsions
Authors: Taflan M. , Smith H. , Loughlan J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCurrent literature offers limited mass estimation methodologies and their application in the conceptual or preliminary design stages of moderate to high aspect ratio wings with electric, hydrogen or distributed propulsions. This study presents the development and application of a quasi-analytical wing mass estimation method to address this limitation. The proposed method is distinguished from the existing mass estimation methods by its expanded realistic load cases, sensitivity to several design parameters, improved accuracy with short computational time and capabilities for future applications. To achieve these features, new geometric models are introduced; 483 load cases including symmetric manoeuvre, rolling, and combined cases are covered following airworthiness requirements; the structural elements are idealised and sized with strength and buckling criteria; existing methods are evaluated and integrated cautiously for secondary structures and non-optimum masses. A computation time of 0.1s is accomplished for one load case. The developed method achieved the highest accuracy with an average error of -2.2% and a standard error of 1.8% for wing mass estimates compared with six existing methods, benchmarked against thirteen wings of different aircraft categories. The effects of engine numbers with dual- to 16-engine setups and the dry wing concepts on the wing mass are investigated. The optimised number of engines and their locations decreased the wing mass of the high aspect ratio wing significantly. In contrast, the dry wing design increased the wing masses of all baseline aircraft. The future applications and improvements of the presented method in novel configurations and multidisciplinary designed optimisation studies are explained.
Depression, Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cognitive Impairment (DOC) Screen Completion Time Reflects Executive Function, Speed of Processing and Fluency
Authors: Sujanthan Sajeevan , Southwell Alisia , Armel Tera , Xing Elaine , Kapoor Arunima , Liu Xiao Yu Eileen , Lanctot Krista L. , Herrmann Nathan , Murray Brian J. , Thorpe Kevin E. , Cayley Megan L. , Sicard Michelle N. , Lien Karen , Sahlas Demetrios J. , Swartz Richard H. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The depression, obstructive sleep apnea and cognitive impairment (DOC) screen assesses three post-stroke comorbidities, but additional information may be gained from the time to complete the screen. Cognitive screening completion time is rarely used as an outcome measure.

Objective:
To assess DOC screen completion time as a predictor of cognitive impairment in stroke/transient ischemic attack clinics.

Methods:
Consecutive English-speaking stroke prevention clinic patients consented to undergo screening and neuropsychological testing (n = 437). DOC screen scores and times were compared to scores on the NINDS-CSC battery using multiple linear regression (controlling for age, sex, education and stroke severity) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

Results:
Completion time for the DOC screen was 3.8 ± 1.3 minutes. After accounting for covariates, the completion time was a significant predictor of the speed of processing (p = 0.002, 95% CI: −0.016 to −0.004), verbal fluency (p < 0.001, CI: −0.012 to −0.006) and executive function (p = 0.004, CI: −0.006 to −0.001), but not memory. Completion time above 5.5 minutes was associated with a high likelihood of impairment on executive and speed of processing tasks (likelihood ratios 3.9–5.2).

Conclusions:
DOC screen completion time is easy to collect in routine care. People needing over 5.5 minutes to be screened likely have deficits in executive functioning and speed of processing – areas commonly impaired, but challenging to screen for, after stroke. DOC screen time provides a simple, feasible approach to assess these under-identified cognitive impairments.
Outcomes of Elderly Patients on Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs) Versus Warfarin After Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Pedro Karlo M. , Guberman Guido , Scotti Pasquale , Lafleur Ludovic , Hua Melissa , Troquet Jean-Marc , Saluja Rajeet Singh , Marcoux Judith 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT:

Background:
Although evidence supports the improved safety profile of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) over warfarin (WF), outcomes among elderly traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients on this regimen remain unclear. This study describes the association between anticoagulation status (DOAC vs. WF use) and the rates of occurrence of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), hematoma progression, need for surgical intervention and mortality in elderly TBI cases.

Methods:
This retrospective cohort study from 2014 to 2019 included all trauma patients > 65 years on either WF or DOACs at the time of injury. The primary outcome was the rate of ICH after TBI. Multivariable regression analysis identified independent predictors of functional dependency and mortality.

Results:
A total of 501 elderly TBI patients (mean age = 82 years old) were included. WF users had higher CT Marshall scores (p = 0.007), more severe TBI (GCS < 8) (p = 0.003) and higher rates of subdural hematomas compared to the DOAC group (p = 0.003). Patients on DOACs had lower rates of ICH (42% vs. 57%, p = 0.001) and hospitalization (30% vs. 41%, p = 0.013) and better Glasgow outcome scale-extended scores at hospital discharge (mean 6.98 vs. 6.41, p = 0.005). Multicompartment ICH (OR 2.30, p = 0.027) and longer hospitalization (OR 0.04, p < 0.001) were associated with higher functional dependency rates, while higher CT Marshall scores (OR 1.09, p < 0.001) and poorer baseline frailty status (OR 0.62, p = 0.026) predicted increased mortality risk.

Conclusion:
Elderly TBI patients on DOACs have lower rates of ICH, lower need for hospitalization and better functional outcomes at discharge compared to those taking WF. These findings need further confirmation using prospective multicenter studies.
INSPIRE: Readiness, a Dynamic Innovation Platform to Address New and Long-standing Public Health Challenges
Authors: Christian Sidnie , Haviland Margaux 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective
INSPIRE: Readiness is a dynamic innovation platform where innovative approaches, advanced methods, state-of-the-art tools, and modern resources are aggregated and contextualized and where information is shared can be turned into action.

Methods
ASTHO conducted an environmental scan to assess initiatives across the organization. Disciplinary groups convened to reflect on experiences during the COVID-19 response, identify tools, model practices from the workforce, data systems management, and training utilized/adapted during the pandemic. ASTHO also completed a literature review to track and highlight areas of congruity and help identify gaps in information previously collected.

Results
In the evolving landscape of the post-COVID-19 era, a stagnant document would not adequately illustrate the challenges, lessons learned, and innovative resources used by health agencies. From this assessment, INSPIRE: Readiness was designed as an ever-evolving discovery hub where the ASTHO community can learn from their peers about successful strategies for overcoming similar gaps and challenges and apply those insights to their health agency needs.

Conclusion
By facilitating a way for professionals to learn from each other’s experiences, be inspired by success stories, discover new methods, act, and inspire others, we can contribute significantly to enhancing public health preparedness and response.
Random walks on groups and superlinear-divergent geodesics
Authors: CHAWLA KUNAL , CHOI INHYEOK , HE VIVIAN , RAFI KASRA 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we study random walks on groups that contain superlinear-divergent geodesics, in the line of thoughts of Goldsborough and Sisto. The existence of a superlinear-divergent geodesic is a quasi-isometry invariant which allows us to execute Gouëzel’s pivoting technique. We develop the theory of superlinear divergence and establish a central limit theorem for random walks on these groups.
Patterns of inpatient antibiotic utilization by race and ethnicity at US children’s hospitals
Authors: Wattles Bethany A. , Campbell Jeffrey I. , Kluthe Theresa , Feygin Yana B. , Jawad Kahir , Stevenson Michelle D. , Davis Deborah Winders , Porter Jennifer , Jones V. Faye , Hall Matt , Smith Michael J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackground and Objectives:Racial and ethnic variations in antibiotic utilization are well-reported in outpatient settings but little is known about inpatient settings. Our objective was to describe national inpatient antibiotic utilization among children by race and ethnicity.Methods:This study included hospital visit data from the Pediatric Health Information System between 01/01/2022 and 12/31/2022 for patients <20 years. Primary outcomes were the percentage of hospitalization encounters that received an antibiotic and antibiotic days of therapy (DOT) per 1000 patient days. Mixed-effect regression models were used to determine the association of race-ethnicity with outcomes, adjusting for covariates.Results:There were 846,530 hospitalizations. 45.2% of children were Non-Hispanic (NH) White, 27.1% were Hispanic, 19.2% were NH Black, 4.5% were NH Other, 3.5% were NH Asian, 0.3% were NH Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander (NHPI) and 0.2% were NH American Indian. Adjusting for covariates, NH Black children had lower odds of receiving antibiotics compared to NH White children (aOR 0.96, 95%CI 0.94–0.97), while NH NHPI had higher odds of receiving antibiotics (aOR 1.16, 95%CI 1.05–1.29). Children who were Hispanic, NH Asian, NH American Indian, and children who were NH Other received antibiotic DOT compared to NH White children, while NH NHPI children received more antibiotic DOT.Conclusions:Antibiotic utilization in children’s hospitals differs by race and ethnicity. Hospitals should assess policies and practices that may contribute to disparities in treatment; antibiotic stewardship programs may play an important role in promoting inpatient pharmacoequity. Additional research is needed to examine individual diagnoses, clinical outcomes, and drivers of variation.
The centrality of reasoning in moral judgments: First- and third-party evaluations of cheating
Authors: Waltzer Tal , Samuelson Arvid , Dahl Audun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
What role does reasoning about moral principles play in people’s judgments about what is right or wrong? According to one view, reasoning usually plays little role. People tend to do what suits their self-interests and concoct moral reasons afterward to justify their own behavior. Thus, in this view, people are far more forgiving of their own violations than of others’ violations. According to a contrasting view, principled reasoning generally guides judgments and decisions about our own and others’ actions. This view predicts that people usually can, and do, articulate the principles that guide their moral judgments and decisions. The present research examined a phenomenon at the center of these debates: students’ evaluations of academic cheating. Across three studies, we used structured interviews and online surveys to examine first- and third-party judgments and reasoning about cheating events. Third-party scenarios were derived from students’ own accounts of cheating events and manipulated based on the reasons students provided. Findings supported the view that reasoning is central to evaluations of cheating. Participants articulated reasons consistent with their judgments about their own and others’ actions. The findings advance classic debates about reasoning in morality and exemplify a paradigm that can bring further advances.
On Lagrangian properties of turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection
Authors: Weiss Stephan , Schanz Daniel , Erdogdu Ahmed Oguzhan , Schröder Andreas , Bosbach Johannes 
Published: November 2024

We report on Lagrangian statistics of turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection under very different conditions. For this, we conducted particle tracking experiments in a

$H=1.1$

-m-high cylinder of aspect ratio

$\varGamma =1$

filled with air (Pr = 0.7), as well as in two rectangular cells of heights

$H=0.02$

m (

$\varGamma =16$

) and

$H=0.04$

m (

$\varGamma =8$

) filled with water (Pr = 7.0), covering Rayleigh numbers in the range

$10^6\le {\textit {Ra}}\le 1.6\times 10^9$

. Using the Shake-The-Box algorithm, we have tracked up to 500 000 neutrally buoyant particles over several hundred free-fall times for each set of control parameters. We find the Reynolds number to scale at small Ra (large Pr) as

$ {\textit{Re}} \propto {\textit{Ra}}^{0.6}$

. Further, the averaged horizontal particle displacement is found to be universal and exhibits a ballistic regime at small times and a diffusive regime at larger times, for sufficiently large

$\varGamma$

. The diffusive regime occurs for time lags larger than

$\tau _{co}$

, which is the time scale related to the decay of the velocity autocorrelation. Compensated as

$\tau _{co} {\textit {Pr}}^{-0.3}$

, this time scale is universal and rather independent of

$ {\textit {Ra}}$

and

$\varGamma$

. We have also investigated the Lagrangian velocity structure function

$S^2_i(\tau )$

, which is dominated by viscous effects for times smaller than the Kolmogorov time

$\tau _\eta$

and hence

$S^2_i\propto \tau ^2$

. For larger times we find a novel scaling for the different components with exponents smaller than what is expected in the inertial range of homogeneous isotropic turbulence without buoyancy. Studying particle-pair dispersion, we find a Batchelor scaling (

${\propto }\,t^2$

) on small time scales, diffusive scaling (

${\propto }\,t$

) on large time scales and Richardson-like scaling (

${\propto }\,t^3$

) for intermediate time scales.
Human Rights in Japanese Prisons: Reconsidering Segregation as a Disciplinary Measure
Authors: Sawanobori Bunji 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article discusses the legitimacy of solitary confinement in prisons in Japan, which is still used despite the spread of modern international human rights norms in the twentieth century. The article examines the disciplinary measures provided for in the Act on Penal Detention Facilities and the Treatment of Inmates and Detainees (2006), which is a revision of the Prison Law (1908), and argues that although the legal revisions appear to have been made, the discretionary power of prison wardens remains unrestrained, wardens retain decision-making power for disciplinary measures. The article then critiques this approach on two grounds: first, there is an overuse of solitary confinement (over 85%) among other means of disciplinary measures; and, second, this violates both the spirit and the provisions of the Mandela Rules. International standards are based on the idea of human dignity with the established principle that solitary confinement should be imposed only as a last resort. The article ends with practical suggestions to make a more serious move forward to comply with international standards.
Results on the non-vanishing of derivatives of L-functions of vector-valued modular forms
Authors: Lim Subong , Raji Wissam 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe prove the existence of a vector-valued cusp form for the full modular group for which the nth derivative of its L-function does not vanish under certain conditions. As an application, we generalize our result to Kohnen’s plus space and prove an analogous result for Jacobi forms.