bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects on clinical outcomes of intensifying triple oral antidiabetic drug (OAD) therapy by initiating insulin versus enhancing OAD therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: A nationwide population‐based, propensity‐score‐matched cohort study
Authors: Kuo Shihchen , Yang Chun‐Ting , Wu Jin‐Shang , Ou Huang‐Tz 
Published: September 2018

AimsTo compare the effects of initiating insulin as a fourth‐line antidiabetic therapy with the effects of enhancing oral antidiabetic drug (OAD) therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with triple OAD therapy failure.Materials and methodsWe conducted a nationwide population‐based, retrospective cohort study involving 1022 (without prevalent diabetes‐related complications [PDRCs]) and 2077 (with/without PDRCs) propensity score‐matched pairs of fourth‐line insulin therapy users and enhanced OAD therapy users identified in the period 2004 to 2010. Clinical outcomes including a composite cardiovascular outcome (myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure or ischaemic heart disease), peripheral vascular disease (PVD), hypoglycaemia and all‐cause mortality were assessed up to 2013. Hypoglycaemia was adjusted in Cox models to consider its potential effect on study outcomes.ResultsIn a T2DM cohort without PDRCs, fourth‐line insulin therapy was not associated with greater risks of clinical outcomes, except hypoglycaemia (hazard ratio [HR] 1.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02‐2.07), compared with enhanced OAD therapy. Among patients with T2DM with/without PDRCs, fourth‐line insulin therapy was associated with greater risks of the composite cardiovascular outcome (HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.03‐1.46), heart failure (HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.12‐2.25), ischaemic heart disease (HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.09‐1.73), PVD (HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.00‐1.36), hypoglycaemia (HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.20‐1.85) and all‐cause mortality (HR 1.48, 95% CI 1.01‐2.17), but adjustment for hypoglycaemia significantly attenuated the risk of heart failure (HR 1.34, 95% CI 0.92‐1.94), PVD (HR 1.15, 95% CI 0.98‐1.34) and all‐cause mortality (HR 1.30, 95% CI 0.84‐1.99).ConclusionsInitiation of fourth‐line insulin therapy can be considered for patients with T2DM with triple OAD therapy failure, and the importance of awareness and prevention of hypoglycaemia among insulin‐treated patients with T2DM cannot be overstated.
Emergency department visits for dental problems associated with trauma in Alberta: A report between the years 2011 and 2017
Authors: Figueiredo Rafael , Rattai Jordan , Fournier Kerri , Levin Liran 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackground/AimsDental trauma represents a significant cause for concern in emergency department (ED). The aim of this study was to report on the prevalence of ED visits for dental problems associated with trauma (DPAT) in Alberta, Canada. The specific objectives were to provide up‐to‐date information regarding ED utilization for dental trauma concerning the demographics of users and distribution of ED visits across the Province of Alberta, allowing for an assessment of possible trends over the period of time observed.MethodsData for ED visits in Alberta between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2017, were extracted from the National Ambulatory Care Reporting System (NACRS). Data elements pertinent to this analysis include patient demographics, administrative information, and diagnosis. Only the main or primary diagnosis of each ED visit was included in this analysis using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases (ICD‐10‐CA).ResultsThere were 71 118 total ED visits for DPAT in this time period, with an average of 10 159 visits per year across Alberta. Children aged 1‐4 years old represented the age‐group in both genders with the largest number of ED visits, 22.1% of the total number of visits. The number of ED visits for DPAT by males 21 years or younger (22 384) was higher than the total number of ED visits among females in all age‐groups (21 099). The ICD‐10‐CA code S01.5 referring to open wound of lip and oral cavity was by far the most prevalent diagnosis, representing 57.6% of the total visits during the period investigated.ConclusionsThis population‐based report quantifies the rates and frequency of ED utilization for DPAT in the province of Alberta, Canada. The information gathered is important to support injury prevention initiatives using a population‐based approach targeting the high‐risk groups of the population identified by this study.
Serum ferritin is not a reliable predictor to determine iron overload in thalassemia major patients post‐hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Jarisch Andrea , Salzmann‐Manrique Emilia , Cario Holger , Grosse Regine , Soerensen Jan , Fischer Roland , Schulz Ansgar , Hammerstingl Renate , Wunderlich Arthur , Bader Peter 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveIron overload (IO) in transfusion‐dependent anemia persists after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and can cause long‐term organ damage. In many studies, the diagnosis of IO before and after HSCT is based on serum ferritin (SF) levels rather than on assessment of liver iron concentration (LIC) by MRI or SQUID.MethodIn a retrospective multicenter study, we analyzed the concordance for indication of iron depletion therapy and correlation between LIC and SF of 36 thalassemia patients after HSCT. LIC was determined either by MRI‐R2 (FerriScan®) or SQUID.ResultsThe concordance between LIC and SF varies over time after transplant (P = 0.011). The correlation between SF and LIC was strong in the first year (Spearman's rho 0.75; P < 0.001). In agreement, the concordance between SF and LIC concerning indication for treatment was close to 1 with an overall error rate ca. of 10%. In particular in the first year after HSCT, SF underestimates the degree of iron overload.However, in the longitudinal analysis since the second year post‐HSCT onward no association was found between LIC and SF (P = 0.217). Furthermore, in the second year after HSCT, the overall error rate was 35%, whereas in the 3rd, 4th, and >4th year, it was 58%, 60%, and 25%, respectively.ConclusionsOur data suggest serum ferritin is not a reliable predictor to determine iron overload in thalassemia patients after HSCT.
Multimodal skin lesion classification using deep learning
Authors: Yap Jordan , Yolland William , Tschandl Philipp 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWhile convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have successfully been applied for skin lesion classification, previous studies have generally considered only a single clinical/macroscopic image and output a binary decision. In this work, we have presented a method which combines multiple imaging modalities together with patient metadata to improve the performance of automated skin lesion diagnosis. We evaluated our method on a binary classification task for comparison with previous studies as well as a five class classification task representative of a real‐world clinical scenario. We showed that our multimodal classifier outperforms a baseline classifier that only uses a single macroscopic image in both binary melanoma detection (AUC 0.866 vs 0.784) and in multiclass classification (mAP 0.729 vs 0.598). In addition, we have quantitatively showed the automated diagnosis of skin lesions using dermatoscopic images obtains a higher performance when compared to using macroscopic images. We performed experiments on a new data set of 2917 cases where each case contains a dermatoscopic image, macroscopic image and patient metadata.
Remote sensing restores predictability of ectotherm body temperature in the world’s forests
Authors: Algar Adam C. , Morley Kate , Boyd Doreen S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimRising global temperatures are predicted to increase ectotherms’ body temperatures, benefitting some species but threatening others. Biophysical models predict a key role for shade in buffering these effects, but the difficulty of measuring shade across broad spatial extents limits predictions of ectotherms’ thermal futures at the global scale. Here, we extend biophysical models of ectotherm body temperature to include effects of forest canopy shade, via leaf area index, and test whether considering remotely‐sensed canopy density improves predictions of body temperature variation in heavily shaded habitats.LocationWorldwide.Time period1990–2010.Major taxa studiedLizards.MethodsWe test predictions from biophysical ecological theory for how body temperature should vary with microclimate for 269 lizard populations across open, semi‐open and closed habitats worldwide. We extend existing biophysical models to incorporate canopy shade effects via leaf area index, test whether body temperature varies with canopy density as predicted by theory, and evaluate the extent to which incorporating canopy density improves model performance in heavily shaded areas.ResultsWe find that body temperatures in open habitats, like deserts, vary with air temperature and incident solar radiation as predicted by biophysical equations, but these relationships break down in forests, where body temperatures become unpredictable. Incorporating leaf area index into our models revealed lower body temperatures in more heavily shaded environments, restoring the predictability of body temperature in forests.ConclusionsAlthough biophysical ecological theory can predict ectotherm body temperature in open habitats, like deserts, these relationships decay in closed forests. Models incorporating remotely‐sensed data on canopy density improved predictability of body temperatures in these habitats, providing an avenue to incorporate canopy shade effects into predictions of animals’ vulnerability to climate change. These results highlight the thermal threat of changes in canopy structure and loss of forest cover for the world's ectotherms.
Consumer acceptance of delivery drones in urban areas
Authors: Khan Rabeel , Tausif Sadaf , Javed Malik Ahmed 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe concept of drone usage for commercial purposes by retailers worldwide is still in its early stages, and unheard of in Pakistan. Moreover, research on consumer perceptions regarding commercial drones in Pakistan and around the world is very sparse. The purpose of this paper is to gauge the level of acceptability and concerns Pakistani consumers may have in accepting the drone delivery technology. This study offers new insights that retailers and delivery companies can use to penetrate target markets in early stages. The authors have executed a quantitative analysis through the means of a survey. A sample of middle‐ and upper class residents of two cities in Pakistan was selected on which purposive sampling technique was applied. A total of 307 responses were collected and these responses were analysed in SPSS. Various analysis techniques were applied including Cronbach’s alpha, the Pearson correlation analysis, regression analysis and cluster analysis. The results show that consumers in Pakistan perceive privacy issues as a primary concern in relation to drone delivery. The results also throw light on the profile of consumer segments that can be targeted by retailers who may desire to use the drone delivery technology in the near future. Using these findings, retailers using the drone delivery mechanism can address consumer’s fears and ambiguities. Retailers can resolve consumer concerns by designing pro‐privacy parameters in the initial service design stage and the infrastructure deployment of drones.
Teaching and Learning Tips 12: Peer observation of teaching
Authors: Shi Connie R. , Nguyen Michael O. , Rana Jasmine , Burgin Susan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractChallenge: How can clinical teachers continually improve their teaching skills? In addition to student feedback, peer and expert opinion can also provide valuable formative and evaluative feedback to guide self‐improvement efforts. Here, we discuss ways to structure peer observation of teaching in dermatological settings and offer tips on how to optimize the learning experience for both the educator and peer observer.
Temperature and humidity affect the incidence of hand, foot, and mouth disease: a systematic review of the literature – a report from the International Society of Dermatology Climate Change Committee
Authors: Coates Sarah J. , Davis Mark D. P. , Andersen Louise K. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is an enterovirus‐mediated condition that predominantly affects children under 5 years of age. The tendency for outbreaks to peak in warmer summer months suggests a relationship between HFMD and weather patterns. We reviewed the English‐language literature for articles describing a relationship between meteorological variables and HFMD. Seventy‐two studies meeting criteria were identified. A positive, statistically significant relationship was identified between HFMD cases and both temperature (61 of 67 studies, or 91.0%, reported a positive relationship) [CI 81.8–95.8%, P = 0.0001] and relative humidity (41 of 54 studies, or 75.9%) [CI 63.1–85.4%, P = 0.0001]. No significant relationship was identified between HFMD and precipitation, wind speed, and/or sunshine. Most countries reported a single peak of disease each year (most commonly early Summer), but subtropical and tropical climate zones were significantly more likely to experience a bimodal distribution of cases throughout the year (two peaks a year; most commonly late spring/early summer, with a smaller peak in autumn). The rising global incidence of HFMD, particularly in Pacific Asia, may be related to climate change. Weather forecasting might be used effectively in the future to indicate the risk of HFMD outbreaks and the need for targeted public health interventions.
Lipophilic compounds and thermal behaviour of African mango (Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry‐Lecomte ex. O'Rorke) Baill.) kernel fat
Authors: Lieb Veronika M. , Schuster Laura K. , Schmarr Hans‐Georg , Carle Reinhold , Steingass Christof B. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryIrvingia gabonensis kernels are a promising oleiferous source. Their total lipid content was 72.3%. C14:0 and C12:0 represented the most abundant fatty acids. Triacylglycerols with ECN 32 and 46–48 were identified for the first time by HPLC‐DAD‐ESI‐MSn. Comprehensive GC‐FID and GC‐MS analyses revealed novel insights into minor lipids like phytosterols and tocochromanols. Among the latter, γ‐tocopherol was found to be the major vitamer. β‐Sitosterol and stigmasterol were the prevailing phytosterols in the kernel fat. The high saturation level of the fat resulted in a sharp differential scanning calorimetry melting curve with a high melting temperature of 42.1 °C. The fat remained solid over a wide temperature range and still contained 66.6% solid fats at 35 °C. Consequently, kernels of the African mango provide a viable source for the recovery of solid fats applicable in the food industry as sustainable alternatives to replace palm‐based fats or hardened vegetable oils.
Childhood obesity, weight loss and developmental trajectories predict the persistence and remission of childhood sleep‐disordered breathing
Authors: Frye S. S. , Fernandez‐Mendoza J. , Calhoun S. L. , Gaines J. , Vgontzas A. N. , Liao D. , Bixler E. O. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryBackgroundObesity has been recognized as a risk factor for childhood sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB), yet it remains unclear how obesity and weight change predict the course of childhood SDB.ObjectiveThe objective of the study is to investigate the role of body weight, upper airway abnormalities and developmental trajectories on the persistence and remission of childhood SDB in the transition to adolescence.MethodsThe Penn State Child Cohort is a representative population sample of 700 children (5–12 years), of whom 421 were followed up as adolescents (12–23 years). Participants underwent a clinical history, physical examination and polysomnography at both time points.ResultsObesity and enlarged tonsils were cross‐sectionally associated with childhood SDB. Longitudinally, baseline obesity predicted the persistence of childhood SDB (OR = 3.75, 95% CI = 2.00–7.05), while weight loss predicted its remission (OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.11–2.50). Children with enlarged tonsils who remitted from SDB had not experienced significant weight loss and only 4.4% had undergone adeno/tonsillectomy. Body fat distribution/composition at follow‐up was similar in those who had remitted from childhood SDB as compared with those who had never experienced SDB, while those who persisted with childhood SDB showed significant android distribution and visceral adiposity at follow‐up.ConclusionsOur data support a causal role for obesity and weight loss in the chronicity and remission, respectively, of childhood SDB in the transition to adolescence and suggest that remission of SDB is related to developmental trajectories of the upper airway in a significant proportion of children. Thus, targeting childhood obesity and weight gain should be a priority in the prevention and treatment of SDB during this critical developmental period.
Genomic targeting by recombinase‐mediated cassette exchange in the spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii
Authors: Schetelig M. F. , Yan Y. , Zhao Y. , Handler A. M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDrosophila suzukii is a significant pest of stone and small fruits. The genome of this species has been sequenced and manipulated by transposon‐mediated transformation and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. These technologies open a variety of possibilities for functional genomics and genetic modifications that might improve biologically based population control strategies. Both of these approaches, however, would benefit from genome targeting that would avoid position effects and insertional mutations associated with random transposon vector insertions, and the limited DNA fragment insertion size allowed by gene editing. Here, we describe an efficient recombinase‐mediated cassette exchange (RMCE) system for D. suzukii in which heterospecific lox recombination sites were integrated into the genome by transposon‐mediated transformation and subsequently targeted for double recombination by a donor vector in the presence of Cre recombinase. Three loxN/lox2272 landing site lines have previously been created in D. suzukii, and quantitative PCR determined that polyubiquitin‐regulated enhanced green fluorescent protein expression is least susceptible to position effect suppression in the 443_M26m1 line. We presume that RMCE target sites may also be inserted more specifically into the genome by homology‐directed repair gene editing, thereby avoiding position effects and mutations, while eliminating restrictions on the size of donor constructs for subsequent insertion.
Identifying trade‐offs in equity and efficiency for simultaneously optimizing location and multipriority dispatch of ambulances
Authors: Enayati Shakiba , Mayorga Maria E. , Toro‐Díaz Hector , Albert Laura A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe role of emergency medical service (EMS) systems is to provide acute care and possibly transportation to health care facilities to patients experiencing medical emergencies. Since EMS is a public service, it is natural for the community to expect equitable service from these systems; however, there is not a unique agreement on how to measure equity. Most EMS planning literature focuses solely on measures of efficiency, such as minimizing average response time. Solutions based on optimizing efficiency measures alone can be unacceptable when they are achieved at the expense of some players. Such trade‐offs can be more crucial when it comes to high‐priority emergencies. We provide a multicriteria optimization approach aimed at identifying good solutions for several equity and efficiency measures together, based on a joint modeling approach for location and dispatching policy decisions, while considering multiple levels of call priority. We apply our approach to a real‐world data set. We show that the joint approach provides better solutions than using the common assignment of the closest available ambulance, in particular for the equity criteria. We quantify the trade‐offs between different performance measures, and provide Pareto‐efficient solutions. The proposed joint optimization approach can be used to gain insight about the implicit balance between common efficiency measures and discussed equity criteria, hence providing better information to policy makers and EMS system administrators.
Coordinating the retail supply chain with item‐level RFID and excess inventory under a revenue‐cost‐sharing contract
Authors: Li Yanhui , Deng Shuai , Zhang Ying , Liu Bailing 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis paper considers a supply chain consisting of one supplier and one retailer who jointly invest in item‐level radio frequency identification (RFID) by considering their demands and inventories. Since the supplier can be negative to adopt RFID, the main objective of this study is to design an effective mechanism that maximizes the profits of both players and the whole supply chain by implementing item‐level RFID. For this objective, we propose a novel revenue‐cost‐sharing (RCS) contract based on the bargaining game as the incentive to encourage the implementation, and numerical results show that the RCS contract is considerably more effective than the wholesale‐price contract for supply chain coordination. Moreover, we show that the retail supply chain can be coordinated perfectly under the RCS contract when the thresholds of the revenue/cost sharing rates are set appropriately. This study provides significant managerial insight into the incentive and coordination strategy to implement item‐level RFID in the retail supply chain.
Effectiveness of recruitment and retention strategies in a pregnant adolescent nutrition intervention study
Authors: Wise Nancy J. , Cantrell Mary Ann 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimTo report the methodological strategies used to recruit and retain pregnant adolescents into a nutrition‐focused intervention study.BackgroundAn important step to meeting the developmental and healthcare needs of pregnant adolescents is to conduct high‐quality research studies that generate reliable and accurate data. However, recruitment and retention of pregnant adolescents into research are challenging and time intensive.DesignA quasi‐experimental, one‐group, pre, post, 6‐week postintervention repeated measures study was conducted among inner‐city pregnant adolescents.MethodStudy participants’ nutrition knowledge, eating habits, and personal self‐efficacy were measured prior to pregnant adolescents’ participation in the workshop, immediately after the intervention and 6‐weeks following the intervention. A total of four workshops were conducted over 14 months from 2014‐2015.ResultsGatekeepers were influential in recruitment efforts due to trusting relationship they had with study participants. The use of texting reminders and pregnant adolescent‐related incentives that included gift bags and baby items were also effective recruitment and retention strategies. Despite designing the recruitment strategies and using a developmentally tailored workshop, based on empirical evidence gleaned from pregnant adolescents that was modified to meet study participant's schedules, an adequate sample was unable to be recruited and retained for this study.ConclusionHigh‐quality research studies that generate reliable and accurate data are essential in meeting the developmental and healthcare needs of pregnant adolescents. A major barrier in developing evidence‐based care practices to promote the health of these young mothers and their children involves recruiting and retaining them in research studies.