bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The roles of geography, climate and sexual selection in driving divergence among insect populations on mountaintops
Authors: Pato Joaquina , Illera Juan Carlos , Obeso José Ramón , Laiolo Paola 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimAnalysing the drivers of intraspecific variation and how reproductive barriers arise is an essential step to infer the mechanisms of biogeographic differentiation. In populations of a specialized alpine species, we explore the role of geography and climate in the divergence of genetic, morphological and acoustic characters, and analyse the functional consequences of variation on mate choice.TaxonChorthippus cazurroi (Orthoptera: Caelifera, Acrididae, Gomphocerinae).LocationThe entire distribution of the species (23 populations from six massifs of the Cantabrian Mountains, NW Spain).MethodsFirst, we analysed the extent of intraspecific spatial divergence and the covariation among climatic niche, genetic (mtDNA), acoustic (song structure) and morphological (body size) traits. Then, we analysed the consequences of phenotypic variation by means of a crossing experiment among populations from different elevations. This served to test for differences in sexual selection among body size‐divergent populations and for the relationship between male traits, female preference and reproduction.ResultsGenetic, morphologic and acoustic divergence increased with geographic distance. Female morphology was also affected by climate variation, while male one tightly covaried with the song differentiation. Females more closely approached males investing more time in song activities, but weakly responded to the rest of acoustic features and morphological variation. They also distanced themselves slightly more from males from different populations, although this behaviour did not lead to clear differences in reproductive parameters.Main conclusionsThe process of colonization of mountain massifs has led to significant genetic and phenotypic changes in C. cazurroi. Phenotypic divergence does not constitute a strong intrinsic barrier to reproduction and is largely unpaired from female preference, overall suggesting that sexual selection is a minor actor in the process of differentiation as compared, for instance, to drift. This does not exclude that traits associated with individual condition are under strong selection and, therefore, do not vary so extensively. This study dismisses the idea that alpine specialists with narrow distributions lack genetic and phenotypic variability, and highlights the importance of synthesizing biogeographic and experimental approaches to obtain stronger and deeper inferences about the dynamics and mechanisms of biological differentiation.
Increased level of fibrinogen chains in the proteome of blood platelets in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Bijak Michal , Olejnik Alicja , Rokita Bozena , Morel Agnieszka , Dziedzic Angela , Miller Elzbieta , Saluk‐Bijak Joanna 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEpidemiological studies indicate a high risk of stroke, heart failure and myocardial infarction in patients with multiple sclerosis, especially in its secondary progressive (SPMS) phase. Some ischaemic events are directly associated with abnormal platelet functions and their prothrombotic activity. Recent reports, including this study, confirm the increased activation of circulating platelets in SPMS, and also show increased platelet reactivity, among other responses, as well as strong aggregation. In this current study, we conducted a comparative analysis of the platelet proteome in SPMS patients and in healthy controls, to demonstrate the quantitative and qualitative differences likely to affect functional changes observed in SPMS. During densitometry evaluation of 2‐D fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis, we observed differences between the electrophoretic patterns of SPMS platelets and the control samples. To determine a detailed characterisation of the proteome changes in the SPMS patients’ blood platelets, in the next stage, we performed mass spectrometry of selected spots and indicated the increased presence of four proteins (fibrinogen, α‐2 macroglobulin, septin‐14 and tubulin β‐1 chain). The most important of these is the increased amount of prothrombotic protein, fibrinogen, which seems to confirm the accuracy of the imaging and potentially explains the increased risk of platelet‐origin thrombotic events. This study provides new knowledge of the potential existence of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the acceleration of the platelet pro‐coagulant function in SPMS. This can help to identify new targets for therapy, which can then be used not only in the second stage of the disease.
Efficacy of tildrakizumab for moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis: pooled analysis of three randomized controlled trials at weeks 12 and 28
Authors: Papp K.A. , Reich K. , Blauvelt A. , Kimball A.B. , Gooderham M. , Tyring S.K. , Sinclair R. , Thaci D. , Li Q. , Cichanowitz N. , Green S. , La Rosa C. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundEfficacy of tildrakizumab for plaque psoriasis was demonstrated in randomized, placebo‐controlled trials.ObjectiveTo consolidate tildrakizumab efficacy results by pooling data.MethodsData (N = 2081) from tildrakizumab 100 mg, tildrakizumab 200 mg and placebo groups in three trials were pooled.ResultsProportions of Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) 75 responders at week 12 were better with tildrakizumab 100 mg (62.3%) and tildrakizumab 200 mg (64.8%) vs. placebo (5.6%; P < 0.0001) and for PASI 90, PASI 100 and Physician's Global Assessment (PGA) ‘clear’ or ‘minimal’ vs. placebo (P < 0.0001). Responses increased from weeks 12 to 28. Week 12 PASI and PGA responses to tildrakizumab vs. placebo were numerically greater in patients with lower vs. higher bodyweight and were better with tildrakizumab 200 mg than tildrakizumab 100 mg for patients with higher bodyweight. Week 12 PASI 75 responses vs. placebo with tildrakizumab 100 mg were similar between patients with (55.0%) or without (56.7%) prior biologics. PASI 90, PASI 100 and PGA responses were generally higher in patients without prior biologics. Week 8 PASI 50 response predicted PASI 90 response.ConclusionPooled data confirmed the efficacy of tildrakizumab for moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis.
Finasteride for androgenetic alopecia is not associated with sexual dysfunction: a survey‐based, single‐centre, controlled study
Authors: Haber R.S. , Gupta A.K. , Epstein E. , Carviel J.L. , Foley K.A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe occurrence of sexual dysfunction side‐effects associated with finasteride use in men with androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is thought to be less prevalent than is publicized. There is a need to investigate sexual dysfunction among finasteride users with population‐based controls.ObjectiveTo evaluate the presence of sexual dysfunction in men using finasteride or not using finasteride.MethodAdult men visiting a dermatologist's office for any reason were asked to complete a survey including a modified version of the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX) to assess the presence of sexual dysfunction with and without finasteride use.ResultsData from 762 men aged 18–82 were collected: 663 finasteride users and 99 non‐finasteride users. There were no significant differences between finasteride users and non‐user controls in reporting sexual dysfunction using the ASEX. Regression analysis indicated that self‐reporting libido loss and reduced sexual performance, not finasteride use, predict a higher ASEX score.ConclusionThe use of finasteride does not result in sexual dysfunction in men with AGA. These data are consistent with other large survey‐based controlled studies.
Diffusion of polyphenols from alginate, alginate/chitosan, and alginate/inulin particles
Authors: Pravilović Radoslava N. , Balanč Bojana D. , Djordjević Verica B. , Bošković‐Vragolović Nevenka M. , Bugarski Branko M. , Pjanović Rada V. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Thymus serpyllum L (thyme) aqueous extract was encapsulated within three different types of particles. Thus, electrostatic extrusion was applied to obtain alginate, alginate/chitosan, and alginate/inulin particles with encapsulated extract which is known as a rich source of polyphenolic compounds. The effect of admixed chitosan and inulin was evaluated from the point of polyphenols release by using Franz diffusion cell. The alginate/chitosan particles exhibited the effective diffusion coefficient of 1.94·10−9 ·m2 s−1 which was about 2.7 times lower in comparison to that of alginate/inulin particles and about 6.3 times lower than the effective diffusion coefficient of plain alginate particles. Swelling studies also confirmed decreased permeability of composite particles compared to plain alginate particles. In addition, according to the Korsmeyer–Peppas model, the composite particles exhibited anomalous diffusion of polyphenols controlled by molecular diffusion and polymer relaxation.Practical applicationsThe calcium alginate particles are meant for delivery of biologically active compounds in foods with added value. Coating of alginate particles using chitosan has been investigated to control release of encapsulated biologically active compounds, but also as an improver of the particles structure.
Medical Faculty Beliefs: Self‐Rated Importance and Confidence in Teaching Geriatrics Primary Care
Authors: Hyer Kathryn , Jester Dylan J. , Badana Adrian N. S. , D'Aoust Rita , Robinson Bruce E. , Guerra Lucy , Michael Melanie , Molinari Victor , Schwartz Amy , Schocken Dawn , Wills Todd , Wilson Cheryl , Andel Ross 
Published: March 2019

OBJECTIVESTo evaluate and contrast 25 content areas essential to the primary care of older adults by medical faculty, thus identifying faculty beliefs and areas of possible improvement.DESIGNUsing measures from the Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set, the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems, and Healthy People 2020, nine practicing clinical faculty identified 25 content areas essential to the primary care of older adults.SETTINGA large academic health center in southeastern United States.PARTICIPANTSEighty‐two university medical faculty.MEASUREMENTSFaculty rated importance, knowledge, and confidence in teaching the 25 content areas on a scale from 1 (low) to 10 (high). Gap scores reflecting the difference in ratings for importance and confidence in teaching were calculated and assessed. The survey had high internal consistency within each of the three domains—Cronbach's α > .94.RESULTSThe most important content areas were being able to explain details about patient's condition and taking medication clearly, followed by taking age‐appropriate history. The three largest gaps were: “evaluating sensory impairment,” “identifying and counseling at‐risk drivers,” and “evaluating cognition.” The three smallest gaps were: “explaining prescribed medications,” “explaining health conditions in easy‐to‐understand language,” and “taking an age‐appropriate patient history and performing a physical assessment.”CONCLUSIONMedical faculty were comfortable with topics reflecting primary care expertise but expressed less confidence with more specialized topics, such as sensory or cognitive impairment and driving. This may represent key areas for geriatrics training applicable to all those involved in education and training of future healthcare professionals. Integration of specialists (eg, neurologists, psychiatrists) may improve the geriatrics curricula. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:576–580, 2019.
Medicare Shared Savings ACOs and Hospice Care for Ischemic Stroke Patients
Authors: Kaufman Brystana G. , O'Brien Emily C. , Stearns Sally C. , Matsouaka Roland A. , Holmes G. Mark , Weinberger Morris , Schwamm Lee H. , Smith Eric E. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Xian Ying , Taylor Donald H. 
Published: March 2019

OBJECTIVESPalliative care services have the potential to improve the quality of end‐of‐life care and reduce cost. Services such as the Medicare hospice benefit, however, are often underutilized among stroke patients with a poor prognosis. We tested the hypothesis that the Medicare Shared Savings Program (MSSP) is associated with increased hospice enrollment and inpatient comfort measures only among incident ischemic stroke patients with a high mortality risk.DESIGNA difference‐in‐differences design was used to compare outcomes before and after hospital participation in the MSSP for patients discharged from MSSP hospitals (N = 273) vs non‐MSSP hospitals (N = 1490).SETTINGRecords from a national registry, Get with the Guidelines (GWTG)‐Stroke, were linked to Medicare hospice claims (2010‐2015).PARTICIPANTSFee‐for‐service Medicare beneficiaries age 65 and older hospitalized for incident ischemic stroke at a GWTG‐Stroke hospital from January 2010 to December 2014 (N = 324 959).INTERVENTIONDischarge from an MSSP hospital or beneficiary alignment with an MSSP Accountable Care Organization (ACO).MEASUREMENTSHospice enrollment in the year following stroke.RESULTSAmong patients with high mortality risk, ACO alignment was associated with a 16% increase in odds of hospice enrollment (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06‐1.26), increasing the probability of hospice enrollment from 20% to 22%. In the low mortality risk group, discharge from an MSSP vs non‐MSSP hospital was associated with a decrease in the predicted probability of inpatient comfort measures or discharge to hospice from 9% to 8% (OR = .82; CI = .74‐.91), and ACO alignment was associated with reduced odds of a short stay (<7 days) (OR = .86; CI = .77‐.96).CONCLUSIONAmong ischemic stroke patients with severe stroke or indicators of high mortality risk, MSSP was associated with increased hospice enrollment. MSSP contract incentives may motivate improved end‐of‐life care among the subgroups most likely to benefit.
Ultrahigh‐pressure and high‐P lawsonite eclogites in Muzhaerte, Chinese western Tianshan
Authors: Lü Zeng , Zhang Lifei , Yue Ji , Li Xiaoli 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLawsonite eclogites are crucial to decipher material recycling along a cold geotherm into the deep Earth and orogenic geodynamics at convergent margins. However, their tectono‐metamorphic role and record especially at ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) conditions are poorly known due to rare exposure in orogenic belts. In a ~4 km long cross‐section in Muzhaerte, China, at the western termination of the HP‐UHP metamorphic belt of western Tianshan, metabasite blocks contain omphacite and lawsonite inclusions in porphyroblastic garnet, although matrix assemblages have been significantly affected by overprinting at shallower structural levels. Two types of lawsonite eclogites occur in different parts of the section and are distinguished based on inclusion assemblages in garnet: Type 1 (UHP) with the peak equilibrium assemblage garnet+omphacite±jadeite+lawsonite+rutile+coesite±chlorite±glaucophane and Type 2 (HP) with the assemblage garnet+omphacite±diopside+lawsonite+titanite+quartz±actinolite±chlorite+glaucophane. Pristine coesite and lawsonite and their pseudomorphs in Type 1 are present in the mantle domains of zoned garnet, indicative of a coesite‐lawsonite eclogite facies. Regardless of grain size and zoning profiles, garnet with Type 1 inclusions systematically shows higher Mg and lower Ca contents than Type 2 (prp4–25grs13–24 and prp1–8grs20–45 respectively). Phase equilibria modelling indicates that the low‐Ca garnet core and mantle of Type 1 formed at UHP conditions and that there was a major difference in peak pressures (i.e., maximum return depth) between the two types (2.8–3.2 GPa at 480–590°C and 1.3–1.85 GPa at 390–500°C respectively). Scattered exposures of Type 1 lawsonite eclogite is scatteredly exposed in the north of the Muzhaerte section with a structural thickness of ~1 km, whereas Type 2 occurs throughout the rest of the section. We conclude from this regular distribution that they were derived from two contrasting units that formed along two different geothermal systems (150–200°C/GPa for the northern UHP unit and 200–300°C/GPa for the southern HP unit), with subsequent stacking of UHP and HP slices at a kilometre scale.
Parental Education and College Students' Attitudes Toward Love: Survey Evidence From China
Authors: Hu Anning , Wu Xiaogang 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveThis study examines the correlation between parental education and college students' attitudes toward love (ATL) as well as its formative mechanisms.BackgroundFamily formation in modern societies tightly involves people's ATL, but its correlation with family origin is still elusive.MethodPanel data from the random probability sample of the Beijing College Students Panel Survey were used to analyze a gradational measure of ATL. In total, 2,473 respondents were followed for 4 consecutive years. The population of interest is the college students in Beijing, China. The random‐effect linear regression and mediation analyses were conducted.ResultsStudents with better‐educated parents are more likely to embrace realistic rather than romantic ATL. The effect is stable across individuals of different genders and ages. Further analyses highlight the mediating effect of family income and objectified cultural capital.ConclusionDue to economic and cultural advantages, parental education gives rise to adult children' likelihood of holding realistic ATL.ImplicationsThe link between parental education and propensity of realistic ATL serves as a potential mechanism for establishing assortative mating by family socioeconomic status, maintaining intergenerational transmission of economic advantages.
Molecular mechanism of tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 on glucocorticoid receptor mediated glutamate/GABA imbalance and cerebral abnormalities against cognitive deficit model
Authors: Venkatesh Gunasekaran , Sankar Veintramuthu , Ramanathan Muthiah 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Objectives
This study is designed to evaluate the role of tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 (TIP39) in connection with glucocorticoid receptor-mediated glutamate/GABA abnormalities in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model.

Methods
Male Sprague–Dawley rats were treated with TIP39 (1 and 10 nmol, i.c.v) and diazepam 2 mg/kg throughout the stress period (28 days) in alternate days. Then, rats were subjected for different behavioural activity followed by biochemical, gene expression and histological examinations.

Key findings
Chronic unpredictable mild stress rats showed significant cognitive impairment in Morris water maze, Novel object recognition and Y maze test. This was reversed after TIP39 administration. Moreover, TIP39 significantly decreased the brain glutamate and acetyl cholinesterase levels in CUMS rats, whereas it increases the level of GABA after TIP39 treatment. These changes were evident with increased glutamic acid decarboxylase enzyme activity by TIP39. TIP39 significantly decreased the brain glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptor expression ratio in comparison with CUMS rats. Moreover, histological abnormalities in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus were markedly improved after TIP39 administration in CUMS rats.

Conclusions
Tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 can be a potent neuroendocrine modulator in treating cognitive impairment induced by CUMS rats by controlling glucocorticoid receptor-mediated glutamate/GABA abnormalities in brain.
Automated classification of near‐fault acceleration pulses using wavelet packets
Authors: Chang Zhiwang , De Luca Flavia , Goda Katsuichiro 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study proposes a new algorithm for automatically classifying two types of velocity‐pulses that are integral of a distinct acceleration pulse (acc‐pulse) or a succession of high‐frequency one‐sided acceleration spikes (non‐acc‐pulse). For achieving this, wavelet packet transform is used to filter the high‐frequency content and to extract the coherent velocity‐pulse. Then, the pulse period is unequivocally derived through the peak point method. Following the determination of the pulse‐starting (ts) and pulse‐ending (te) time instants in the velocity time‐history, a local acceleration time‐history truncated by ts and te is obtained. The maximum relative energy of the pulse between two adjacent zero crossings is then employed as indicator for distinguishing the two types of velocity‐pulses. The criteria for identifying acc‐pulses and non‐acc‐pulses are calibrated using a training data set of manually classified ground motions from the Next Generation Attenuation West 2 project. Finally, significance of such a classification between velocity‐pulses of different characteristics is assessed through the comparison of elastic acceleration response spectra of the two categories of pulse‐like records.
The Unity of Christ and the Anointing of the Spirit in Gregory of Nyssa’s Antirrheticus Adversus Apolinarium
Authors: Abecina Alexander L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractI investigate Gregory of Nyssa’s use of the Spirit’s anointing motif in the Antirrheticus adversus Apolinarium to ground the unity of the divine and human in Christ, against Apolinarius of Laodicea’s own Spirit‐based account of Christ’s unity. Gregory’s three explicit references to Christ’s anointing by the Spirit – eternal, post‐passion and at conception – are analysed with respect to the exegesis of Psalm 44 (45):6‐7, Acts 2:36, John 17:5 and Luke 1:35. The development of Gregory’s Christology between Contra Eunomium III and the Antirrheticus is sketched and some concluding comments are given on the enduring influence this developed Christology had in In Illud: Tunc et ispse and In Canticum canticorum.
Microbial diversity in the tick Argas japonicus (Acari: Argasidae) with a focus on Rickettsia pathogens
Authors: Yan P. , Qiu Z. , Zhang T. , Li Y. , Wang W. , Li M. , Yu Z. , Liu J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe soft tick Argas japonicus mainly infests birds and can cause human dermatitis; however, no pathogen has been identified from this tick species in China. In the present study, the microbiota in A. japonicus collected from an epidemic community was explored, and some putative Rickettsia pathogens were further characterized. The results obtained indicated that bacteria in A. japonicus were mainly ascribed to the phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. At the genus level, the male A. japonicus harboured more diverse bacteria than the females and nymphs. The bacteria Alcaligenes, Pseudomonas, Rickettsia and Staphylococcus were common in nymphs and adults. The abundance of bacteria belonging to the Rickettsia genus in females and males was 7.27% and 10.42%, respectively. Furthermore, the 16S rRNA gene of Rickettsia was amplified and sequenced, and phylogenetic analysis revealed that 13 sequences were clustered with the spotted fever group rickettsiae (Rickettsia heilongjiangensis and Rickettsia japonica) and three were clustered with Rickettsia limoniae, which suggested that the characterized Rickettsia in A. japonicus were novel putative pathogens and also that the residents were at considerable risk for infection by tick‐borne pathogens.