bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anomaly‐based DoS detection and prevention in SIP networks by modeling SIP normal traffic
Authors: Hosseinpour Mahsa , Yaghmaee Mohammad Hossein , Hosseini Seno Seyed Amin , Khosravi Roshkhari Hossein , Asadi Mohsen 
Published: October 2018

SummaryDue to the various features of Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), this technology has attracted the attention of many users in comparison with the traditional telephony system. However, with the growth of this technology, the security issues and protection of its users against different kinds of threats have been raised as an essential requirement. Session Initiation Protocol is a predominant protocol to initiate and terminate multimedia sessions in VoIP networks that provide simplicity and text‐based features. Despite its mentioned advantages, these features impose several vulnerabilities on VoIP networks. Denial of Service attack, as one of the most common attacks against VoIP networks, is also a noted security issue in the Internet Protocol platforms. In such attacks, the attacker tries to prevent service from authorized users by consuming server resources. These attacks can be launched by sending out‐of‐sequence messages, malformed messages, and flooding different kinds of messages. In this study, a new anomaly‐based method is presented for detection and prevention of these attacks. Normal traffic of a VoIP network is modeled by making a finite state machine, which is used for attack detection besides other proposed modules. Furthermore, a whitelist method is implemented using Bloom data structure for attack prevention. The proposed method is completely implemented and tested using different test scenarios. The obtained results show that by using proposed method, attacks can be detected more accurately with lower false ratios and delay in comparison with the existing methods.
Impact of multiple system diversity on throughput in heterogeneous cellular networks
Authors: Wang Hanho 
Published: October 2018

SummaryAs different generations of mobile communication systems are installed in the same area, a mobile terminal (MT) can utilize the multisystem diversity (MSD) by accessing the system providing the highest signal‐to‐interference‐and‐noise ratio (SINR). However, it is difficult to practically calculate the capacity gain obtained from the MSD environment by using conventional capacity analysis methodologies because each mobile communication system operates in different frequency and channel environments. In this paper, we propose a Poisson‐point process (PPP)‐based hybrid approach in order to analyze the MSD capacity gain. In the hybrid approach, the SINR interval probability is first derived considering the MSD order. Since SINR intervals are mapped to CQI‐MCS table values used in real‐world cellular systems, we can calculate a substantially valid system capacity in the MSD environment. In our result, the reliability of the proposed analysis tool is verified by confirming that the existing capacity analysis results can be benchmarked. Based on the reliability, the MSD capacity gain is quantitatively analyzed when heterogeneous cellular systems coexist and interact.
Resilience priming: Translational models for understanding resiliency and adaptation to early life adversity
Authors: Kentner Amanda C. , Cryan John F. , Brummelte Susanne 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDespite the increasing attention to early life adversity and its long‐term consequences on health, behavior, and the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders, our understanding of the adaptations and interventions that promote resiliency and rescue against such insults are underexplored. Specifically, investigations of the perinatal period often focus on negative events/outcomes. In contrast, positive experiences (i.e. enrichment/parental care//healthy nutrition) favorably influence development of the nervous and endocrine systems. Moreover, some stressors result in adaptations and demonstrations of later‐life resiliency. This review explores the underlying mechanisms of neuroplasticity that follow some of these early life experiences and translates them into ideas for interventions in pediatric settings. The emerging role of the gut microbiome in mediating stress susceptibility is also discussed. Since many negative outcomes of early experiences are known, it is time to identify mechanisms and mediators that promote resiliency against them. These range from enrichment, quality parental care, dietary interventions and those that target the gut microbiota.
Long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in the first year of life affects brain function, structure, and metabolism at age nine years
Authors: Lepping Rebecca J. , Honea Robyn A. , Martin Laura E. , Liao Ke , Choi In‐Young , Lee Phil , Papa Vlad B. , Brooks William M. , Shaddy D. Jill , Carlson Susan E. , Colombo John , Gustafson Kathleen M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe present study sought to determine whether supplementation of long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) during the first year of life influenced brain function, structure, and metabolism at 9 years of age. Newborns were randomly assigned to consume formula containing either no LCPUFA (control) or formula with 0.64% of total fatty acids as arachidonic acid (ARA; 20:4n6) and variable amounts of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n3) (0.32%, 0.64%, or 0.96% of total fatty acids) from birth to 12 months. At age 9 years (±0.6), 42 children enrolled in a follow‐up multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study including functional (fMRI, Flanker task), resting state (rsMRI), anatomic, and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS). fMRI analysis using the Flanker task found that trials requiring greater inhibition elicited greater brain activation in LCPUFA‐supplemented children in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and parietal regions. rsMRI analysis showed that children in the 0.64% group exhibited greater connectivity between prefrontal and parietal regions compared to all other groups. In addition, voxel‐based analysis (VBM) revealed that the 0.32% and 0.64% groups had greater white matter volume in ACC and parietal regions compared to controls and the 0.96% group. Finally, 1H MRS data analysis identified that N‐acetylaspartate (NAA) and myo‐inositol (mI) were higher in LCPUFA groups compared to the control group. LCPUFA supplementation during infancy has lasting effects on brain structure, function, and neurochemical concentrations in regions associated with attention (parietal) and inhibition (ACC), as well as neurochemicals associated with neuronal integrity (NAA) and brain cell signaling (mI).
Does metabolic syndrome influence short and long term durability of carotid endarterectomy and stenting?
Authors: Casana Renato , Malloggi Chiara , Tolva Valerio Stefano , Odero Andrea , Bulbulia Richard , Halliday Alison , Silani Vincenzo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimsThe metabolic syndrome (MetS) is composed of a cluster of related cardiovascular risk factors. The aim of the present study was to determine how MetS contributes to short‐ (30‐day) and long‐term complications and restenosis after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) or stenting (CAS).MethodsA consecutive cohort of 752 patients undergoing CEA (n = 314) and CAS (n = 438) in a single institution was examined, of which 296 (39.4%) were identified as having MetS. All patients were followed‐up with carotid duplex ultrasound scan of the supraaortic vessels and a neurological assessment of symptoms status at 30‐day postprocedure and at 3, 6, and 12 months, with annual follow‐up thereafter for 3 years.ResultsPatients with MetS had a significant increased risk in their 30‐day death, major adverse events (MAE), and restenosis rates, both after CEA and after CAS (death: 0.7% vs 0.0%; MAE: 5.3% vs 2.7%; and restenosis: 1.7% vs 0.2%; p < 0.05). The MAE and restenosis rates remained statistically different at 36 months, with both procedures (29.2% vs 24.2% and 9.5% vs 3.3%, p < 0.05, for patients with and without MetS, respectively). Among the components of MetS, high fasting serum glucose, low high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and elevated body mass index were associated with increased risk of complications at 30 days and within 36 months.ConclusionsThe current study suggested that the presence of MetS is an important risk factor for morbidity and restenosis after CEA and CAS.
Predicting the potential distribution of the endangered red panda across its entire range using MaxEnt modeling
Authors: Thapa Arjun , Wu Ruidong , Hu Yibo , Nie Yonggang , Singh Paras B. , Khatiwada Janak R. , Yan Li , Gu Xiaodong , Wei Fuwen 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAn upsurge in anthropogenic impacts has hastened the decline of the red panda (Ailurus fulgens). The red panda is a global conservation icon, but holistic conservation management has been hampered by research being restricted to certain locations and population clusters. Building a comprehensive potential habitat map for the red panda is imperative to advance the conservation effort and ensure coordinated management across international boundaries. Here, we use occurrence records of both subspecies of red pandas from across their entire range to build a habitat model using the maximum entropy algorithm (MaxEnt 3.3.3k) and the least correlated bioclimatic variables. We found that the subspecies have separate climatic spaces dominated by temperature‐associated variables in the eastern geographic distribution limit and precipitation‐associated variables in the western distribution limit. Annual precipitation (BIO12) and maximum temperature in the warmest months (BIO5) were major predictors of habitat suitability for A. f. fulgens and A. f. styani, respectively. Our model predicted 134,975 km2 of red panda habitat based on 10 percentile thresholds in China (62% of total predicted habitat), Nepal (15%), Myanmar (9%), Bhutan (9%), and India (5%). Existing protected areas (PAs) encompass 28% of red panda habitat, meaning the PA network is currently insufficient and alternative conservation mechanisms are needed to protect the habitat. Bhutan's PAs provide good coverage for the red panda habitat. Furthermore, large areas of habitat were predicted in cross‐broader areas, and transboundary conservation will be necessary.
Pervasive moose browsing in boreal forests alters successional trajectories by severely suppressing keystone species
Authors: Lorentzen Kolstad Anders , Austrheim Gunnar , Solberg Erling J. , De Vriendt Laurent , Speed James D. M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractLarge herbivores can shape young forest stands and determine the successional trajectory of forested ecosystems by selectively browsing palatable species at the sapling stage. Moose (Alces alces) is the dominant vertebrate herbivore in Fennoscandian boreal forests, and high population densities have raised concerns about potential negative effects on ecosystem functioning and properties including biological diversity and timber production. We used 31 herbivore exclosures in Norway to investigate how forests developed after clear‐cutting with or without moose present. We tested how tree demography, abundances of understory plant functional groups, community composition, and plant diversity (including bryophytes) across multiple scales varied with moose exclusion. After seven years, the exclosures were dominated by deciduous trees, including many large rowan (Sorbus aucuparia) individuals, a functionally important keystone species. In contrast, the open plots subject to moose impacts (browsing, trampling, defecation) were dominated by economically important coniferous trees and there was next to no rowan recruitment to taller height classes. The biomass of large herbs and ferns was much greater inside exclosures. This study emphasizes the large immediate effect of moose on early successional boreal forest stands. Landscape‐level alterations caused by reduced deciduous dominance, and a reduction in large flowering herbs is likely to lead to cascading effects on ecosystem functioning. The management of boreal production forests needs to account for the combined effects of silvicultural practices and ungulate herbivory to ensure ecosystem functioning, but this management goal may be jeopardized in our study regions due to drastically reduced abundance of keystone species.
Linking social–ecological knowledge with rural communities in Mexico: lessons and challenges toward sustainability
Authors: Castillo Alicia , Vega‐Rivera Jorge H. , Pérez‐Escobedo Marcela , Romo‐Díaz Gabriela , López‐Carapia Gabriela , Ayala‐Orozco Bárbara 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFor decades, ecologists have stressed the need to establish and strengthen the exchange of knowledge between scientists and different stakeholders in order to construct better management practices that mitigate or provide solutions to environmental problems. Using a framework that links knowledge generation with social appropriation processes, we present an 18 yr’ experience of social–ecological research and outreach activities carried out in a place where scientists have generated a great amount of knowledge: the Chamela Biological Research Station. This site was created in 1971 as a place for research, teaching, and to conserve tropical dry forests in Mexico, and it has played a relevant role in the advancement of tropical science as well as in undergraduate and graduate education. For many years, researchers and students from Mexico and many other countries have used the facility that is part of the National Autonomous University of Mexico. Here, we measured the extent to which social–ecological knowledge responds to information needs of rural people and found that very little of it has been shared with the local inhabitants. Local needs regarding pasture and forest management are covered by local people's own knowledge. In order to help bridging the gap between social–ecological knowledge and rural inhabitants, we describe and evaluate ongoing communication and educational projects. We propose a model that shows how knowledge generation, exchange, and use processes can be linked to facilitate the work of scientists and their institutions. Our aim is that the experience contributes to promote and strengthen linkage processes between scientists and rural people around the world in order to better transit toward sustainable social–ecological systems.
(De‐)Constructing coherence? Strategic entrepreneurs, policy frames and the integration of climate and energy policies in the European Union
Authors: Bocquillon Pierre 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper looks at the way policy entrepreneurs construct horizontal coherence through problem definition and the promotion of policy frames that bond different objectives and instruments together. Building on the case of the 2009 climate and energy package, the paper analyses how the European Commission and successive European Union Presidencies exploited a growing climate change momentum to devise, assemble and facilitate the adoption in an exceptionally short period of an ambitious legislative package cutting across traditional sectoral boundaries. The recourse to a narrative presenting Europe at the vanguard of a green revolution and the framing of European internal policies as a tool for international climate leadership were instrumental in constructing the package as a coherent response to the joint energy and climate change challenges, and in rallying wide support. However, the paper shows that the institutionalization of this framing has been undermined by the economic crisis and stalled international negotiations.
Reversible Switched pH‐Responsive Hydroquinone Electrochemical Sensor Based on Composite Film of Polystyrene‐b‐Poly (Acrylic Acid) and Graphene Oxide
Authors: Yi Wei , Ji Cuihong , Fei Junjie , He Xiaohua 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe detection of some environmental pollutants remains still a great challenge and the current methods suffer from low sensitivity, reproducibility and require sophisticated instruments. Here, a simple, sensitive and pH‐responsive electrochemical sensor for the detection of hydroquinone (HQ) was developed based on a pH‐responsive block copolymer polystyrene‐b‐poly(acrylic acid) (PS‐b‐PAA) and graphene oxide (GO) composite film (PG) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The electrochemical behaviors of HQ at the modified GCE (PG/GCE) electrode were studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The peak current of the PG/GCE electrode toward HQ was significantly enhanced at pH 7.0 and greatly suppressed below pH 6.0, which are caused by swelling and shrinking of pH‐responsive block copolymer and the synergistic effect with GO. The PG/GCE exhibited a reversible “On/Off” switch for the HQ electrochemical behaviors between pH 4.0 and pH 7.0. When the pH of the medium is 7.0, the PG complex film on the PG/GCE is in the “On” state, the linear detection range of HQ is from 16 μM to 104 μM with a detection limit as low as 0.34 μM. Furthermore, the PG/GCE can also successfully detect the HQ concentration of the lake water sample with satisfactory recovery, indicating that the pH‐responsive block copolymer/GO‐functionalized sensor provided a powerful avenue for simple, sensitive and convenient detection of HQ, which can be translated into practical application.
Soil erodibility as impacted by vegetation restoration strategies on the Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Wang Hao , Zhang Guang‐hui , Li Ning‐ning , Zhang Bao‐jun , Yang Han‐yue 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNear soil surface characteristics change significantly with vegetation restoration, and thus, restoration strategies likely affect soil erodibility. However, few studies have been conducted to quantify the effects of vegetation restoration strategies on soil erodibility in regions experiencing rapid vegetation restoration. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of vegetation restoration strategies on soil erodibility, reflected by soil cohesion (Coh), penetration resistance (PR), saturated conductivity (Ks), number of drop impacts (NDI), mean weight diameter of soil aggregates (MWD), and soil erodibility K factor on the Loess Plateau. One slope farmland and five 25‐year‐restored lands covered by old world bluestem, korshinsk peashrub, shrub sophora, sea‐buckthorn, and black locust were selected as test sites. The old world bluestem was restored via natural succession, while the other four lands were restored by artificial planting. A comprehensive soil erodibility index (CSEI) was produced by a weighted summation method to quantify the effects of vegetation restoration strategies on soil erodibility completely. The results showed that Coh, Ks, NDI, and MWD of the five restored lands were greater than those of the slope farmland. However, the PR and K of the five restored lands were less than those of the slope farmland. CSEI varied greatly under different restoration strategies, from 1 to 0.214. Compared with the control, these indices decreased on average by 68.2%, 78.6%, 72.7%, 75.8%, and 62.8% for old world bluestem, korshinsk peashrub, shrub sophora, sea‐buckthorn, and black locust, respectively. The variation in soil erodibility was significantly influenced by biological crust thickness, bulk density, organic matter content, plant litter density, and root mass density. Shrub‐lands via artificial planting, especially korshinsk peashrub, were considered the most effective restoration strategies to reduce soil erodibility on the Loess Plateau. The results are helpful for selecting vegetation restoration strategies and asking their benefits in controlling soil erosion. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Napping characteristics and cognitive performance in older adults
Authors: Owusu Jocelynn T. , Wennberg Alexandra M.V. , Holingue Calliope B. , Tzuang Marian , Abeson Kylie D. , Spira Adam P. 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesTo determine the association of napping intention, frequency, and duration with cognition in a nationally‐representative sample of US older adults.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional analysis of community‐dwelling Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥65 years from Rounds 3 or 4 (2013‐2014) of the National Health and Aging Trends Study (N = 2549). Participants reported past‐month napping intention (intentional/unintentional), napping frequency (rarely/never [non‐nappers], some days [infrequent nappers], most days/every day [frequent nappers]), and average nap duration (we categorized as ≤30 minutes [short]; 31‐60 minutes [moderate]; and > 60 minutes [long]). Cognitive outcomes were performance on immediate and delayed word recall tests (IWR and DWR, respectively), the Clock Drawing Test (CDT), and self‐rated memory (score: 1[excellent]‐5[very poor]).ResultsAfter adjustment for potential confounders, unintentional nappers had poorer immediate word recall test performance than non‐nappers (B = −0.23, P < 0.01) and intentional nappers (B = −0.26, P < 0.01). After further adjustment for daytime sleepiness, frequent nappers reported poorer self‐rated memory than non‐nappers (B = 0.14, P < 0.05). Compared with short nappers, long nappers had poorer IWR (B = −0.26, P < 0.05) and CDT scores (B = −0.17, P < 0.05). Except for the association of nap duration with IWR and CDT, these associations remained after excluding participants with dementia and/or proxy respondents. Among participants undiagnosed with dementia or proxies, moderate‐duration naps were associated with better DWR than short naps (B = 0.24, P < 0.05). Neither napping intentionality nor frequency was associated with CDT performance.ConclusionsAmong older adults, distinct aspects of napping are associated with cognitive performance. Prospective research, with objective measures of napping, is needed to elucidate the link between napping and cognitive trajectories.
At the Borders of Bioethics
Authors: Kaebnick Gregory E. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWhat are the boundaries of bioethics? Where does bioethics give way to other kinds of ethics—organizational ethics, environmental ethics, social ethics, or just ethics? According to one commonly cited account of the origin of bioethics, the field always had a relatively broad remit; it was supposed to be about the ethics of the life sciences in general. In the early days of bioethics, however, the topic that seemed most in need of critical attention was the encounter between experts in medicine and the laity—doctors or medical researchers on the one hand and patients or medical research subjects on the other. Even given the narrow focal point, however, bioethics very naturally expanded.Much of the September‐October 2018 issue of the Hastings Center Report either argues or assumes that bioethics extends well beyond into social ethics. A special report published as a supplement to this issue pushes the point explicitly.
Defining Life and Regulating Reproductive Choice
Authors: Will Jonathan F. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIf you blinked you may have missed it. The Department of Health and Human Services published its strategic plan for the 2018–2022 fiscal years, which includes the statement that HHS accomplishes its mission through programs and initiatives that serve and protect “Americans at every stage of life, from conception.” Of note, the “from conception” language is new and, depending on the direction President Trump's administration plans to go, could have profound implications for the regulation of reproductive services ranging from abortion to in vitro fertilization (IVF).