bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementing a salutogenic treatment model in a clinical setting of emergency child and adolescent psychiatry in Sweden
Authors: Johansson Björn Axel , Pettersson Kajsa , Tydesten Katarina , Lindgren Anna , Andersson Claes 
Published: October 2018

AbstractProblemEmergency care in child and adolescent psychiatry often lacks a coherent treatment model. This study reports on the development and implementation of a salutogenic treatment model at the Child & Adolescent Psychiatric Emergency Unit in Malmö, Sweden.MethodsThe development and implementation involved all staff categories and was guided by a recognized authority on salutogenesis. Generalized resistance resources (GRR) were identified that could be implemented at the unit to improve patients’ sense of coherence.FindingsEight GRR were developed and implemented at the unit. During the 6‐month period following the implementation, patients (n = 41) and parents reported satisfaction with the treatment, while mental health improved between admission and discharge, and both treatment length and readmission rates were reduced.ConclusionA salutogenic treatment model involving GRR seems to be a promising approach in child and adolescent psychiatric emergency treatment.
Discordance in risk factors for the progression of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Song Ki‐Ho , Jeong Jee‐Sun , Kim Mee Kyoung , Kwon Hyuk‐Sang , Baek Ki‐Hyun , Ko Seung‐Hyun , Ahn Yu‐Bae 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAims/IntroductionWe aimed to investigate whether there are differences in the risk factors or markers for the progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic nephropathy (DN) in type 2 diabetes mellitus.Materials and MethodsWe carried out a 3‐year retrospective cohort study of 604 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The outcomes were the progression of DR (worsening of the DR stage) and DN (an estimated glomerular filtration rate decline >12%) at the 3‐year follow up. The mean hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level and HbA1c variability (HbA1c‐VAR) were calculated.ResultsThe mean HbA1c and HbA1c‐VAR levels were higher in the DR progressors (n = 67) than in the DR non‐progressors (n = 537). The mean HbA1c was a significant predictor for DR progression independent of the duration of diabetes and HbA1c‐VAR levels. The urine albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio at baseline and HbA1c‐VAR levels were higher in the DN progressors (n = 34) than in the DN non‐progressors (n = 570). The triglyceride to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio at baseline tended to be higher in the DN progressors than in the DN non‐progressors. HbA1c‐VAR levels and the triglyceride‐to‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio were significant predictors for DN progression independent of estimated glomerular filtration rate and the urine albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio.ConclusionsAverage glycemia was significantly associated with progression of DR, whereas glycemic variability and dyslipidemia were significantly associated with progression of DN in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
A Simple Screening Tool to Predict Outcomes in Older Adults Undergoing Emergency General Surgery
Authors: Zattoni Davide , Montroni Isacco , Saur Nicole Marie , Garutti Anna , Bacchi Reggiani Maria Letizia , Galetti Caterina , Calogero Pietro , Tonini Valeria 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesTo determine whether the Flemish version of the Triage Risk Screening Tool (fTRST) can be used to accurately assess frailty in an emergency setting.DesignProspective observational study.Settingof a tertiary referral hospital.PatientsAll individuals aged 70 and older consecutively admitted to the emergency surgery unit with an urgent need for abdominal surgery between December 2015 and May 2016 who met inclusion criteria (N=110).MeasurementsIndividuals were screened with the fTRST and additional metrics such as the age‐adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index and American Society of Anesthesiology score. Thirty‐ and 90‐day postoperative complications where recorded. Regression analyses were performed to identify possible preoperative predictors of adverse outcomes.ResultsThirty‐day major complications (Clavien‐Dindo Classification 3–5) occurred in 28.2% of participants (n=31). fTRST had the highest correlation with major complications (odds ratio (OR) = 7.42). All participants who died within 30 days of surgery has a fTRST score of 2 or greater (area under the receiver operating curve (AUC)=71.3). When risk factors for overall 90‐day mortality were analyzed, a fTRST score of 2 or greater had sensitivity of 96% (95% confidence interval CI=79.6–99.9%), specificity of 43.5% (95% CI=32.8–54.7%) (AUC=69.8%; OR=18.50, 95% CI=2.39–143.11, p = .005). The average length of hospital stay was more than twice as long in the group with a fTRST score of 2 or greater (15.2 days) than in those with a score less than 2 (6.6 days) (p = .005).ConclusionThe fTRST is an effective tool to predict mortality, morbidity, and length of stay after emergency surgery and can therefore be used to anticipate postoperative course, determine care goals, and plan for involvement of a dedicated geriatric care team. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:309–316, 2019.
Mood Swings and Business Cycles: Evidence from Sign Restrictions
Authors: NAM DEOKWOO , WANG JIAN 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper provides new evidence that bouts of optimism and pessimism are an important source of U.S. business cycles, using the identification schemes based on sign restrictions. We document that identified optimism and pessimism shocks account for about 30% of U.S. business‐cycle fluctuations in hours and output. In addition, our empirical findings are consistent with the intensive‐ and extensive‐margin adjustments in the U.S. labor market over business cycles, providing further support to optimism shocks being an important source of U.S. business cycles. The identified optimism shocks are at least partially rational as total factor productivity is found to rise 8–12 quarters after an initial bout of optimism. While this later finding is consistent with some previous findings in the news shock literature, we cannot rule out that such episodes reflect self‐fulfilling beliefs.
Sparse Signals in the Cross‐Section of Returns
Authors: CHINCO ALEX , CLARK‐JOSEPH ADAM D. , YE MAO 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThis paper applies the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) to make rolling one‐minute‐ahead return forecasts using the entire cross‐section of lagged returns as candidate predictors. The LASSO increases both out‐of‐sample fit and forecast‐implied Sharpe ratios. This out‐of‐sample success comes from identifying predictors that are unexpected, short‐lived, and sparse. Although the LASSO uses a statistical rule rather than economic intuition to identify predictors, the predictors it identifies are nevertheless associated with economically meaningful events: the LASSO tends to identify as predictors stocks with news about fundamentals.
Anti-alcohol liver disease effect of Gentianae macrophyllae extract through MAPK/JNK/p38 pathway
Authors: Cui Yulei , Jiang Lei , Shao Yun , Mei Lijuan , Tao Yanduo 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Objectives
The hepatoprotective effect of Gentianae macrophyllae root extract (GME) on alcoholic liver disease (ALD) was evaluated through ethanol induced ALD animal model.

Methods
Mice were randomly divided into control normal group (10 mice), ethanol-induced ALD model group (10 mice) and GME plus ethanol group (30 mice). Mice in model group were given intragastric administration with 50% (v/v) ethanol aqueous solution (200 μl for each) once daily for 19 days. Mice in control normal group received equal volumes of water. Mice in GME plus ethanol group were given intragastric administration with 50% (v/v) ethanol aqueous solution (200 μl for each) once daily at 10:00 a.m., after 1 h, mice in GME group sequentially were treated with 20, 40 and 100 mg/kg of GME by gastric gavage for 19 days. the average food and water consumed by the mice in every group were recorded every 2 days and body weight of every mouse in every group was measured every 2 days.

Key findings
Results showed that GME significantly improved alcohol induced liver injury in a dose-dependent manner. The impaired hepatic tissue structure was repaired and the collagen deposition declined after GME administration. Meanwhile, the level of malonaldehyde (MDA), Aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) (indicators of liver damage) in blood serum were significantly controlled by GME with a dose-dependent manner, moreover, body weight and liver index were also improved after administration of GME. Pro-inflammatory cytokines including MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 were detected through RT-PCR and ELISA in experiment and GME can significantly inhibit the expression of TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 but have no effect on MCP-1. In order to explore the mechanism of GME on ALD, MAPKs pathway was examined and results indicated that GME attenuated ALD through inhibiting the phosphorylation of JNK and P38 and further suppressing the initiation of inflammation.

Conclusions
GME attenuated ALD through inhibiting the phosphorylation of JNK and P38 and further suppressing the initiation of inflammation.
Tempo‐spatial land use/cover change in Zeway, Ketar and Bulbula sub‐basins, Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia
Authors: Abera Dejene , Kibret Kibebew , Beyene Sheleme 
Published: October 2018

AbstractUnderstanding tempo‐spatial dynamics of land‐use/cover (LULC) and its drivers is instrumental in synthesizing knowledge for informed natural resource management planning and associated decisions. The present study investigates tempo‐spatial LULC changes, their drivers and the associated impacts in three sub‐basins (Zeway, Ketar and Bulbula) in the Central Rift Valley (CRV) of Ethiopia. Satellite imageries of different periods in ArcGIS, field observations, focus group discussions (FGDs) and secondary data were used to analyse the LULC dynamics, their drivers and associated impacts from 1973 to 2014. The overall accuracy of 1973, 2003 and 2014 classification maps was 88.7%, 88.9% and 91.6%, respectively. The analysis results revealed a continuous increase of farmland and town built‐up areas at the expense of grasslands, shrub‐bush land and woodlands. It further indicated area of open irrigated agriculture, increasing from none to 2.61% of the total area. The FGDs demonstrated agricultural land expansion, resettlement and wood extraction were proximate causes of the observed LULC changes. Population increases, changes in land tenure system and decreased farmland productivity were determined to be the underlying causes of the changes. The FGDs further indicated these changes have negatively affected the natural resources. The present study findings indicate the need to reconsider land‐use decision tradeoffs between economic, social and environmental demands, and their implications for other similar areas in Ethiopia and beyond. Quantitative analysis and periodic evaluation of the drivers of such change and the impacts of existing and emerging land‐uses in the face of changing climate is recommended to facilitate sustainable use of the fragile ecosystems in the Ethiopian CRV.
Perspectives in renal replacement therapy: Haemodialysis
Authors: Liew Adrian 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTHaemodialysis (HD) was the first procedure that had demonstrated the ability to partially replace renal function, and became the most widely utilized treatment for patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). In a great majority of countries around the world, conventional in‐centre HD had become the predominant renal replacement therapy, being touted as able to achieve better solute clearance and more successful in attaining euvolemia than patients on peritoneal dialysis. This is despite the antecedent hemodynamic risks, more rapid loss of residual renal function, greater infectious perils, excessive erythropoietin requirements and higher infrastructure costs. In addition, quality of life had been suggested to be worse among patients on HD, though this had been challenged repeatedly. Consequently, the concept of integrated ESRD care over the last few decades had placed HD, as a complementary rather than a competitive treatment modality to the entire armamentarium of renal replacement therapies. Incorporating HD as part of integrated care into health‐care policies and national resource planning will become an essential strategy in improving access and outcome to care among the ESRD population. The improvement in technologies and innovation in prescription had brought forth enhanced dialyzer membrane and machine upgrades, and expanded modalities including more frequent HD and haemodiafiltration. While boasting of controversial improvement in outcomes, many of these therapies remain expensive and insurmountable for widespread utility in many countries. In addition, the results of these new technologies had been conflicting across studies, with some even suggesting that they could be detrimental. Therefore, judicial consideration has to be undertaken to appropriate their use in clinical practice.
Bioinformatic analysis reveals novel hub genes and pathways associated with hypertensive nephropathy
Authors: Chen Xiaolei , Cao Yiling , Wang Zheng , Zhang Dongmei , Tang Wanxin 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTAimHypertensive nephropathy (HTN) is one of the leading causes of end‐stage renal disease and is closely associated with inflammation and tubule‐interstitial fibrosis. The molecular mechanism underlying HTN remains unclear. This study used bioinformatic analysis to identify the novel gene targets for HTN.MethodsWe downloaded the microarray data of GSE99325 and GSE32591 from Gene Expression Omnibus. The dataset comprised 20 HTN and 15 normal samples. The differentially expressed genes (DEG) were identified, and then gene ontology (GO) enrichment was performed, and a GO tree was constructed by using clusterProfiler and ClueGO. In addition, a protein–protein interaction network was established using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes database and visualized by Cytoscape. The novel hub genes were validated in in vitro experiments.ResultsA total of 267 genes (117 up‐regulated and 150 down‐regulated genes) were identified as DEG. GO analysis and the GO tree indicated that the DEG were mainly associated with steroid hormone response and the extracellular matrix. Based on the protein–protein interaction network, we screened out several novel hub genes. Considering the findings and the literature review, we focused on and validated the dual specificity phosphatase 1, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases 1, fos proto‐oncogene and jun proto‐oncogenes, which may play significant roles in the pathogenesis of HTN. These findings were consistent with the bioinformatic results for the in vitro validation.ConclusionThis study identified for the first time novel hub genes with microarray data in HTN by using bioinformatic analysis and provided novel evidence and clues for future works.
The effect of energy and urbanisation on carbon dioxide emissions: evidence from Ghana
Authors: Kwakwa Paul Adjei , Alhassan Hamdiyah 
Published: October 2018

AbstractConcerned with the declining trend of renewable energy consumption as well as a change in the energy mix for electricity production amidst growing urban population and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Ghana, this study examines the effect of urbanisation and energy on carbon dioxide emissions in Ghana within the framework of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) Hypothesis over the period 1971–2013. Estimation results from Fully Modified OLS confirm the presence of the EKC hypothesis over the period for Ghana. In addition, combustible renewables and waste consumption, electricity production from hydro and trade openness are found to reduce carbon dioxide emission while fossil fuel consumption, electricity production from fossil fuels, urbanisation and industrialisation increase carbon dioxide emission for Ghana. The study again finds that an interaction between urbanisation and combustible renewables and waste consumption, however, has a positive effect on CO2 while the interaction between urbanisation and fossil fuel consumption has a negative effect. Further analysis using the Engel–Granger causality test, the variance decomposition and impulse response functions are embarked. The outcome of the study implies the need to pursue the implementation of the low‐carbon development strategy.
Brief teaching sessions change behaviour in A&E
Authors: Grant Alexander , Stuttard Matthew , Mitchell Thomas 
Published: October 2018

SummaryBackgroundThe Accident and Emergency Department (A&E) is a busy environment that requires time‐ and resource‐efficient teaching. Managing cervical spine (c‐spine) trauma is often an unfamiliar skill for new doctors starting work in A&E. This study investigated the efficacy of brief teaching interventions in changing clinician behaviour within A&E.The Accident and Emergency Department is a busy environment that requires time‐ and resource‐efficient teachingMethodsData for 482 patients receiving c‐spine computed tomography (CT) imaging in two Gloucestershire A&Es before and after multimodal departmental teaching were compared. Time taken to CT, indication for CT scan and presence of bony injury were manually recorded from patient management software.ResultsFollowing the provision of teaching, the proportion of CT scans performed within 1 hour did not significantly change, from 31% before teaching to 37.6% after teaching (p = 0.133); however, the mean number of c‐spine CT scans performed per week rose from 14.50 to 23.25 (p = 0.0001), and the mean number of CT scans performed per week within 1 hour rose from 4.50 to 8.75 (p ≤ 0.001). There was no reduction in the quality of these scans, with the proportion detecting bony injury remaining constant, and there was no increase in the proportion of scans not indicated by National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that brief, low‐resource teaching can be associated with a positive change in clinician behaviour. This intervention was straightforward to implement and is likely to be transferable to other guideline‐driven investigations. Limitations include the patient cohort being proportionately older than that found in major trauma centres, and a lack of data on patients in whom CT scans were indicated but not performed.
Ventilatory constraints influence physiological dead space in heart failure
Authors: Smith Joshua R. , Olson Thomas P. 
Published: October 2018

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of alterations in tidal volume and alveolar volume on the elevated physiological dead space and the contribution of ventilatory constraints thereof in heart failure patients during submaximal exercise.
What is the main finding and its importance?
We found that physiological dead space was elevated in heart failure via reduced tidal volume and alveolar volume. Furthermore, the degree of ventilatory constraints was associated with physiological dead space and alveolar volume.
AbstractPatients who have heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) exhibit impaired ventilatory efficiency [i.e. greater ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide () slope] and elevated physiological dead space (VD/VT). However, the impact of breathing strategy on VD/VT during submaximal exercise in HFrEF is unclear. The HFrEF (n = 9) and control (CTL, n = 9) participants performed constant‐load cycling exercise at similar ventilation (). Inspiratory capacity, operating lung volumes and arterial blood gases were measured during submaximal exercise. Arterial blood gases were used to derive VD/VT, alveolar volume, dead space volume, alveolar ventilation and dead space ventilation. During submaximal exercise, HFrEF patients had greater slope and VD/VT than CTL subjects (P = 0.01). At similar , HFrEF patients had smaller tidal volumes and alveolar volumes (HFrEF 1.11 ± 0.33 litres versus CTL 1.66 ± 0.37 litres; both P ≤ 0.01), whereas dead space volume was not different (P = 0.47). The augmented breathing frequency in HFrEF patients resulted in greater dead space ventilation compared with CTL subjects (HFrEF 15 ± 4 l min−1 versus CTL 10 ± 5 l min−1; P = 0.048). The HFrEF patients exhibited greater increases in expiratory reserve volume and lower inspiratory capacity (as a percentage of predicted) than CTL subjects (both P < 0.05), which were significantly related to VD/VT and alveolar volume in HFrEF patients (all P < 0.03). In HFrEF, the reduced tidal volume and alveolar volume elevate physiological dead space during submaximal exercise, which is worsened in those with the greatest ventilatory constraints. These findings highlight the negative consequences of ventilatory constraints on physiological dead space during submaximal exercise in HFrEF.
The Magnitude of Rapid Weight Loss and Rapid Weight Gain in Combat Sport Athletes Preparing for Competition: A Systematic Review
Authors: Matthews Joseph J. , Stanhope Edward N. , Godwin Mark S. , Holmes Matthew E.J. , Artioli Guilherme G. 
Published: October 2018

Combat sport athletes typically engage in a process called making weight, characterized by rapid weight loss (RWL) and subsequent rapid weight gain (RWG) in the days preceding competition. These practices differ across each sport, but no systematic comparison of the size of the changes in body mass exists. The aim was to determine the magnitude of RWL and RWG in combat sport athletes preparing for competition. The review protocol was preregistered with PROSPERO (CRD42017055279). In eligible studies, athletes prepared habitually with a RWL period ≤7 days preceding competition. An electronic search of EBSCOhost (CINAHL Plus, MEDLINE, and SPORTDiscus) and PubMed Central was performed up to July 2018. Sixteen full-text studies (total 4,432 participants; 156 females and 4,276 males) were included, providing data from five combat sports (boxing, judo, mixed martial arts, taekwondo, and wrestling). Three studies reported RWL and 14 studies reported RWG. Duration permitted for RWG ranged 3–32 hr. The largest changes in body mass occurred in two separate mixed martial arts cohorts (RWL: 7.4 ± 1.1 kg [∼10%] and RWG: 7.4 ± 2.8 kg [11.7% ± 4.7%]). The magnitude of RWG appears to be influenced by the type of sport, competition structure, and recovery duration permitted. A cause for concern is the lack of objective data quantifying the magnitude of RWL. There is insufficient evidence to substantiate the use of RWG as a proxy for RWL, and little data are available in females. By engaging in RWG, athletes are able to exploit the rules to compete up to three weight categories higher than at the official weigh-in.