bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salaires et mobilité de l'emploi des professionnels de santé dans les milieux urbains du Cameroun
Authors: Nkoumou Ngoa Gaston Brice 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study was to analyse the influence of wages on health professionals' job mobility. Based on health professionals data collected in urban areas of Cameroon, a binomial logit model was estimated. Our results show that wages are negatively correlated with the likelihood of health professionals to consider an imminent departure from the current health facility for another job in or outside the health sector. The increase of one unit of the residual potential wage gain decreases the probability to consider a voluntary departure from the current job of 4 per cent to 8 per cent for another job in the health sector or outside. Wage improvement can then be considered as a retention policy of health professionals in their current health facility. This strategy can be used to curb the migration problems of health professionals and strengthen a health system which is already suffering the pangs of the human resource crisis for health. However, this wage improvement strategy expresses the complexity of retention policies for health professionals based on wages in the public sector, as it can induce adverse effects linked to the loss of human resources.
Review article: A primer for clinical researchers in the emergency department: Part IX. How to conduct a systematic review in the field of emergency medicine
Authors: Long Elliot , Craig Simon , Babl Franz E , Tavender Emma , Lunny Carole 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this series we address important topics for emergency clinicians who either participate in research as part of their work, or use the knowledge generated by research studies. Emergency clinicians are routinely in the position of applying new evidence in clinical practice. With an ever‐increasing volume of evidence generated, this can be problematic when studies are conducted in different settings, and include different patient groups, different interventions and different outcomes. This is made even more difficult when the results of primary research studies do not agree. Systematic reviews are becoming increasingly valuable as they appraise and synthesise research findings using a clear methodology, and summarise the results of primary studies. As such, systematic reviews help translate research findings into clinical practice. This paper provides a practical starting point for understanding the steps involved in conducting a systematic review in emergency medicine and will help readers appraise the findings of systematic reviews.
Effect of forest fire prevention treatments on bacterial communities associated with productive Boletus edulis sites
Authors: Mediavilla Olaya , Geml József , Olaizola Jaime , Oria‐de‐Rueda Juan Andrés , Baldrian Petr , Martín‐Pinto Pablo 
Published: April 2019

SummaryCistus ladanifer scrublands, traditionally considered as unproductive, have nonetheless been observed to produce large quantities of king bolete (Boletus edulis) fruitbodies. These pyrophytic scrublands are prone to wildfires, which severely affect fungi, hence the need for fire prevention in producing C. ladanifer scrublands. In addition, B. edulis productions have severely decreased in the last years. A deeper understanding of the B. edulis life cycle and of biotic and abiotic factors influencing sporocarp formation is needed to implement management practices that facilitate B. edulis production. For example, some bacteria likely are involved in sporocarp production, representing a key part in the triple symbiosis (plant–fungus–bacteria). In this study, we used soil DNA metabarcoding in C. ladanifer scrublands to (i) assess the effect of site history and fire prevention treatment on bacterial richness and community composition; (ii) test if there was any correlation between various taxonomic groups of bacteria and mycelial biomass and sporocarp production of B. edulis; and to (iii) identify indicator bacteria associated with the most productive B. edulis sites. Our results show that site history drives bacterial richness and community composition, while fire prevention treatments have a weaker, but still detectable effect, particularly in the senescent plots. Sporocarp production correlated positively with genera in Verrucomicrobia. Several genera, e.g. Azospirillum and Gemmatimonas, were identified as indicators of the most productive sites, suggesting a potential biological role in B. edulis fructification. This study provides a better understanding of the triple symbiosis (plant–fungus–bacteria) involved in C. ladanifer–B. edulis systems.
Cryptic diversity and ranavirus infection of a critically endangered Neotropical frog before and after population collapse
Authors: Puschendorf R. , Wallace M. , Chavarría M. M. , Crawford A. J. , Wynne F. , Knight M. , Janzen D. H. , Hallwachs W. , Palmer C.V. , Price S. J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMesoamerican amphibian declines in apparently pristine and protected habitats have been severe, especially at elevations above 500 m sea level and have been linked to emerging diseases and a changing climate. The Craugastor punctariolus species series of direct developing frogs is endemic to the region and used to be comprised of 33 species, seven of which have known populations at present. One of these, C. ranoides, endemic to southern Nicaragua and Costa Rica, was historically found in cloud forest sites of Área de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG) in north‐west Costa Rica and extended into dry forest sites 20 km distant. Here, C. ranoides declined and disappeared from high elevation sites between the mid‐1980s and early 1990s, but populations persisted in the lowland dry forest. We compared the genetic richness and ranavirus infection status of C. ranoides from extant dry forest populations to historic museum specimens of now extinct ACG cloud forest populations using DNA sequence diversity at two mitochondrial loci and molecular screening for ranavirus. Extant dry forest populations of C. ranoides formed a monophyletic group which included historic specimens sampled at cloud forest sites. However, the extirpated ACG cloud forest population contained additional diversity: samples formed a divergent clade with unknown spatial distribution. Ranavirus was detected in both current and museum samples of C. ranoides and sequences from a 267‐nucleotide region of the major capsid protein gene shared 100% sequence identity with one another and with Frog virus 3. Our findings document cryptic diversity within an endangered species that has demonstrated no recovery in cloud forests and raises questions about Ranavirus and its potential link to the amphibian declines in this system. The presence of the same C. ranoides clade within present day and historical samples suggests a potential for effective translocation and repopulation of extirpated cloud forest populations.
Life history of peracarid species in South‐western Atlantic: Comparison of population traits between native and exotic species
Authors: Rumbold Carlos E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLife‐history traits of exotic species are important to understand the process involved in their settlement and their potential impact on native biodiversity. In this context, the seasonal density, the population structure and the reproductive patterns of exotic and native peracarid species of two natural marine environments of Southwestern Atlantic were studied in order to determine the traits that favour the invasion success of exotic species. Five samples, consisted of algal patches (0.20 × 0.20 m quadrants), were collected seasonally from 2016 to 2017 in two intertidal environments (La Estafeta and Cerro Avanzado). Both environments presented high richness of cryptogenic and exotic species (Tanais dulongii, Monocorophium insidiosum, Ampithoe valida, Melita palmata and Jassa marmorata), and only two native species were recorded (Apohyale grandicornis and Exosphaeroma lanceolatum). The comparison of life‐history traits suggested that the distribution, dominance and the highest densities of some exotic species are closely related to their continuous reproductive and recruitment periods, their capability to adapt their life‐history strategies to different environmental conditions and to a more efficient distribution of resources during reproduction; however, in native species, only A. grandicornis registered similar life‐history traits than exotic populations, suggesting that their distribution could be limited by a latitudinal gradient. We expect that these results provide essential information to understand the invasion pattern of exotic species and their potential impact on native biodiversity in Southwestern Atlantic.
Acute surgical unit improves outcomes in appendicectomy
Authors: Kinnear Ned , Bramwell Eliza , Frazzetto Alannah , Noll Amy , Patel Prajay , Hennessey Derek , Otto Greg , Dobbins Christopher , Sammour Tarik , Moore James 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundFew large Australian studies have explored the impact of acute surgical unit (ASU) model in appendicitis.MethodsAn ASU model commenced practice at our institution on 1 August 2012. In this retrospective cohort study, patients undergoing appendicectomy 2.5 years before (Traditional group) or after (ASU group) this date were compared. Primary outcomes were median length of stay, median time from emergency department referral to theatre start and proportion of cases performed in‐hours. Secondary outcomes were rates of complications, open appendicectomy, consultant scrubbed for procedure, intensive care unit admission and re‐presentation to emergency department within 30 days.ResultsAfter removing those with incomplete data, 1214 patients were enrolled; 465 in the Traditional group and 749 in the ASU group. There were no significant baseline differences between groups. Compared with the Traditional group, ASU patients had similar length of stay (1.81 versus 1.81 days; P = 0.54) and time to theatre (0.59 versus 0.56 days; P = 0.14), but a greater proportion of in‐hours operation (72% versus 79%; P = 0.014). The ASU group also experienced fewer complications (9% versus 6%; P = 0.031), fewer primary open (4% versus 1%; P < 0.0001) or conversion‐to‐open appendicectomies (6% versus 2%; P < 0.0005) and had superior rates of consultant scrubbed in theatre (21% versus 56%; P < 0.00001). Rates of intensive care unit admission (1% versus 1%; P = 0.72) and re‐presentation were unchanged (5% versus 5%; P = 0.46).ConclusionIn our institution, the introduction of an ASU model was associated with more in‐hours operations and safer care for patients undergoing appendicectomy.
“Just keep pushing”: Parents' experiences of accessing child and adolescent mental health services for child anxiety problems
Authors: Crouch Lauren , Reardon Tessa , Farrington Alice , Glover Frankie , Creswell Cathy 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundAnxiety disorders are among the most common psychopathologies in childhood; however, a high proportion of children with anxiety disorders do not access effective treatments. The aim of the present qualitative study was to understand families' experiences of seeking help and accessing specialist treatment for difficulties with childhood anxiety.MethodsParents of 16 children (aged 7–12 years) referred to a child mental health service for difficulties with anxiety were interviewed about their experiences of seeking and accessing treatment within Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS). All interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed for similarities and differences in families' experiences.ResultsFactors that helped and/or hindered families accessing treatment related to (a) parental recognition, (b) contact with professionals, (c) reaching CAMHS, (d) parental effort, and (e) parental knowledge and concerns. High demands on services and parents' uncertainty surrounding the help‐seeking process presented key hurdles for families. The critical role of parental persistence and support from general practitioners and school staff was evident across interviews.ConclusionsFindings highlighted the need for information and guidance on identifying child anxiety difficulties and professional, peer, and self‐help support, and ensuring sufficient provision is available to allow families prompt access to support.
Consensus statements on vaccination in patients with haemophilia—Results from the Italian haemophilia and vaccinations (HEVA) project
Authors: Santagostino Elena , Riva Agostino , Cesaro Simone , Esposito Susanna , Matino Davide , Mazzucchelli Renata Ilde , Molinari Angelo Claudio , Mura Rosamaria , Notarangelo Lucia Dora , Tagliaferri Annarita , Di Minno Giovanni , Clerici Mario ,   the HEVA Study Group
Published: April 2019

Vaccination against communicable diseases is crucial for disease prevention, but this practice poses challenges to healthcare professionals in patients with haemophilia. Poor knowledge of the vaccination requirements for these patients and safety concerns often result in vaccination delay or avoidance. In order to address this issue, a panel of 11 Italian haemophilia and immunization experts conducted a Delphi consensus process to identify the main concerns regarding the safe use of vaccines in patients with haemophilia. The consensus was based on a literature search of the available evidence, which was used by the experts to design 27 consensus statements. A group of clinicians then rated these statements using the 5‐point Likert‐type scale (1 = strongly disagree; 5 = strongly agree). The main issues identified by the expert panel included vaccination schedule for haemophilic patients; protocol and optimal route of vaccine administration; vaccination of haemophilic patients with antibodies inhibiting coagulation factor VIII (inhibitors); and vaccination and risk of inhibitor development. This manuscript discusses these controversial areas in detail supported by the available literature evidence and provides evidence‐ and consensus‐based recommendations. Overall, participants agreed on most statements, except those addressing the potential role of vaccination in inhibitor formation. Participants agreed that patients with haemophilia should receive vaccinations according to the institutional schedule for individuals without bleeding disorders; however, vaccination of patients with haemophilia requires comprehensive planning, taking into account disease severity, type and route of vaccination, and bleeding risk. Data also suggest vaccination timing does not need to take into consideration when the patient received factor VIII replacement.
INTIMIDATION: LINKING NEGOTIATION AND CONFLICT
Authors: Ghosh Sambuddha , Gratton Gabriele , Shen Caixia 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA challenger wants a resource initially held by a defender, who can negotiate a settlement by offering to share the resource. If Challenger rejects, conflict ensues. During conflict, each player could be a tough type for whom fighting is costless. Therefore, nonconcession intimidates the opponent into conceding. Unlike in models where negotiations happen in the shadow of exogenously specified conflicts, offers made during negotiations determine how conflict unfolds if negotiations fail. In turn, how conflict is expected to unfold determines the players' negotiating positions. In equilibrium, negotiations always fail with positive probability, even if players face a high cost of conflict. Allowing multiple offers leads to brinkmanship—the only acceptable offer is the one made when conflict is imminent. If negotiations fail, conflict is prolonged and not duration dependent.
Short‐term and long‐term positive outcomes of the multidisciplinary care implemented by the French health networks for the prevention and care of paediatric overweight and obesity
Authors: Carriere Caroline , Thibault Hélène , Barat Pascal , Guemazi‐Kheffi Fatiha , Mellouet‐Fort Blandine , Ancillon Laurent , Bertrand Anne‐Marie , Quinart Sylvain , Guilmin‐Crépon Sophie , Arsan Armine , Lestournelle Anne , Brument Régine , Saison‐Canaple Camille , Renel Lise , Daussac Adeline , Jouret Béatrice , Negre Véronique , Tauber Maïthé 
Published: April 2019

SummaryBackgroundThe nine French regional health networks for the prevention and care of paediatric obesity offer a 2‐year program of multidisciplinary primary care (medical, dietetical, psychological, adapted physical activity) based on multicomponent lifestyle interventions.ObjectivesTo assess the short‐term and long‐term impact of care management.MethodsThe impact of the multidisciplinary care was assessed by changes in the body mass index (BMI) Z score during the period of the care, and at least 2 years after the end. Anthropometric data were collected at baseline and at the end of the care either through a digital medical file or through direct phone contacts with the referring. Long‐term outcomes were assessed through studies relative to post follow‐up evaluation.ResultsAt the end of the period of the care in a network, 72.9% of 6947 children had decreased their BMI Z score from 3.6 ± 1.0 DS at baseline to 3.3 ± 1.1 DS at the end. The four studies relative to long‐term evaluation showed a pursuit of the decrease of BMI Z score during the 5.1 years after the beginning of the care.ConclusionsThe care provided by regional French networks for prevention and care of paediatric obesity induce a reduction of BMI that continues afterwards.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in non‐metastatic breast cancer: a study on practice trends in a regional cancer treatment service
Authors: Ang Edmond , Wewala Navin , Carroll Rebecca , Forgeson Garry , Anderson Malcolm , Fernando Jennifer , Jordan Jody , Isaacs Richard 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundNeoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is increasingly used for managing locally advanced and high risk non‐metastatic breast cancer.AimsTo describe trends in NACT use, assess compliance to best practice recommendations and determine treatment response rates in a regional cancer treatment service.MethodsIn this retrospective cross‐ sectional study, electronic records of patients who underwent NACT in centres covered by the MidCentral Regional Cancer Treatment Service in 2013 and 2017 were reviewed. Data pertaining to patient demographics, disease status, compliance to best practice recommendations and treatment outcomes were extracted and analysed.ResultsOf a total of 502 referrals for non‐metastatic breast cancer, 34 underwent NACT with the estimated NACT rate rising from 3.85% (2013) to 9.92% (2017). Compliance to practice recommendations improved in all domains (pre‐treatment tumour and axillary evaluation, marker placement, multidisciplinary discussion). Overall, NACT was well tolerated with only three patients experiencing treatment limiting toxicity. Response rates mirror published data (complete response: 29.4%, partial: 61.8%) with higher responses registered in HER2 positive and triple negative subtypes. Discordance between radiological and pathological response was 28%, with imaging overestimating response in five out of seven cases. Of the 11 (32%) patients who initially underwent breast conserving surgery, six required a second surgery.ConclusionNACT is increasingly used in the Regional Cancer Treatment Service, with improving compliance to practice recommendations. These results are reassuring and can be used to help patients develop a realistic expectation towards NACT.
Relaxed Credit Standards in the U.S. Housing Boom: Changes in Risk Characteristics of Mortgage Recipients*
Authors: Durguner Seda 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper examines components of credit risk and how their ability to predict the interface between households and mortgage market changed under the relaxed lending standards prevailing during the U.S. housing boom of the 2000s. Using data from the Federal Reserve Board's 1998 and 2007 Survey of Consumer Finances, the paper evaluates changes between 1998 and 2007 in the significance of credit risk characteristics in explaining three variables regarding the purchase of a primary residence by households in low‐, moderate‐, and high‐income groups: the loan‐to‐value ratio of the purchase mortgage, the likelihood of purchase, and the price paid. The study also analyzes the extent to which the period saw increases in the values of those three variables. The findings strongly suggest a decline in the ability of credit risk characteristics in predicting the interface between households and mortgage market over the period.
Carbothermal conversion of self‐supporting organic/inorganic interpenetrating networks to porous metal boride monoliths
Authors: Li Fei , Liu Ji‐Xuan , Huang Xiao , Bao Weichao , Zhang Guo‐Jun , Wang Hongzhi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this work, we present a general sol‐gel protocol for the synthesis of highly porous monolithic transition metal borides via carbothermal conversion of the organic/inorganic interpenetrating networks (IPNs). The formation of organic/inorganic IPNs is clearly demonstrated by simple oxidation and boiling water treatment. A series of transition metal boride porous monoliths, including CrB2, ZrB2, TiB2, Cr3C2/CrB, and ZrB2/ZrC with porosities ranging from 70% to 85% and pore sizes ranging from 0.5 to 35 μm, have been prepared. In each case, a porous hybrid monolith is obtained by drying the wet gel under ambient pressure. It is believed that the formation of organic/inorganic IPNs strengthens the gel network, so that it can withstand the severe changes during desiccation to give out a monolithic xerogel. Samples are characterized by TG‐DSC, XRD, SEM, EDS, TEM, BET, and MIP, and the ceramic monoliths are shown to be well defined and rather homogeneous.
Siblings of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities: Their knowledge and perspectives on guardianship and its alternatives
Authors: Brady Anna M. , Burke Meghan M. , Landon Trenton , Oertle Kathleen 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundSiblings of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) often support their brothers and sisters through caregiving and guardianship.MethodsIn this qualitative study, the knowledge and views of 10 adult siblings were explored.Results & ConclusionsThe tripartite impact of limited knowledge of guardianship and alternatives, the viewpoint of full guardianship as necessary and the desired/anticipated roles of siblings combined to create the Sibling Reciprocal Effect (SRE). The present authors define SRE as the phenomenon of siblings to recognize the applicability of complementary forms of guardianship for other adults with IDD, but fail to see the advantage of available decision‐making alternatives with their own brothers/sisters. Instead, siblings defer to full guardianship as the preferred mechanism for decision making. Implications for practitioners include informing families of the full range of options for supporting persons with IDD in decision making. Future research suggestions include examining the elements of the SRE and siblings’ knowledge regarding guardianship and the alternatives.