bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Ridaforolimus‐Eluting and Zotarolimus‐Eluting Coronary Stents: 5‐Year Outcomes From the BIONICS and NIREUS Trials
Authors: Zornitzki Lior , Smits Pieter C. , Love Michael P. , Stone Gregg W. , Kandzari David E. , Redfors Bjorn , Ozan Melek O. , Konigstein Maayan 
Published: November 2024

Background
The BIONICS (BioNIR Ridaforolimus‐Eluting Coronary Stent System in Coronary Stenosis) and the NIREUS (BioNIR Ridaforolimus Eluting Coronary Stent System [BioNIR] European Angiography Study) randomized clinical trials showed noninferiority of the ridaforolimus‐eluting stent (RES) compared with the zotarolimus‐eluting stent (ZES) with respect to 1‐year target‐lesion failure and 6‐month angiographic late lumen loss. We aimed to evaluate clinical outcomes between treatment groups over a 5‐year follow‐up.

Methods and Results

Patient‐level data from the BIONICS (n=1919) and NIREUS (n=302) were pooled, comparing the outcomes of patients implanted with RES and ZES. The primary end point was the 5‐year rate of target‐lesion failure. A total of 2221 patients (63.2±10.3 years, 79.7% men) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with RES (n=1159) or ZES (n=1062) were included. Most clinical and angiographic characteristics were similar between groups. At 5 years, the primary end point of target‐lesion failure was similar between treatment groups (12.2% RES versus 11.3% ZES,
P
=0.52). Rates of TLR (7.6% RES versus 6.8% ZES,
P
=0.42) target‐vessel–related myocardial infarction (4.8% RES versus 4.9% ZES,
P
=0.95) and stent thrombosis (0.9% RES versus 0.9% ZES,
P
=0.87) also did not differ between groups. Target‐vessel revascularization and cardiac death were higher among the RES group (12.3% versus 9.5%
P
=0.037, and 3.6% versus 2.2%
P
=0.042, respectively). However, after correction for baseline characteristics, there was no significant difference in cardiac death between groups.

Conclusions
In a pooled analysis of 2 randomized trials, 5‐year clinical outcomes were similar between patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with RES and ZES. These results support the long‐term safety and efficacy of RES for the treatment of patients with coronary artery disease.
Associations Between Gene Variants of Lipid‐Lowering Drug Targets and Adverse Outcomes After Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Sun Lulu , Zhang Qilu , Shi Mengyao , Liu Yang , Zhu Zhengbao , Zhang Jing , Peng Hao , Wang Aili , Chen Jing , Xu Tan , Zhang Yonghong , He Jiang 
Published: November 2024

Background
The association of lipid‐lowering drug targets and their gene variants with cardiovascular diseases has been previously clarified. However, the relationship between gene variants of lipid‐lowering drug targets and the adverse prognosis of ischemic stroke patients remains unclear.

Methods and Results

Multiple single‐nucleotide polymorphisms associated with 6 lipid‐lowering drug targets were genotyped for patients with ischemic stroke. The primary outcome was death or major disability within 2 years after ischemic stroke. Genetic risk score was constructed from significant single‐nucleotide polymorphisms identified via additive models, which was calculated by multiplying the number of risk alleles at each locus by the corresponding beta coefficient and then summing the products. The rs2006760‐C of the
HMGCR
, rs11206510‐T of
PCSK9
, and rs1864163‐G and rs9929488‐G of
CETP
were associated with increased odds of adverse outcomes within 2 years after ischemic stroke. Each additional risk allele was associated with higher odds of adverse outcomes. Genetic risk score was positively associated with the odds of primary outcome (odds ratio [OR], 1.48 [95% CI, 1.15–1.90];
P
trend
= 0.001), major disability (OR, 1.56 [95% CI, 1.16–2.08];
P
trend
= 0.002), death (hazard ratio [HR], 1.58 [95% CI, 1.12–2.25];
P
trend
= 0.011), and the composite outcome of death or cardiovascular events (HR, 1.41 [95% CI, 1.08–1.85];
P
trend
= 0.010) when 2 extreme quartiles were compared.

Conclusions

rs2006760‐C of
HMGCR
, rs11206510‐T of
PCSK9
, and rs1864163‐G and rs9929488‐G of
CETP
were associated with increased odds of adverse outcomes within 2 years after ischemic stroke. Furthermore, higher GRS was positively related to the odds of poor outcomes in patients with ischemic stroke.

Registration:
URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Identifier: NCT01840072.
Sex Differences in Patients Undergoing Left Main Stem Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Stable Angina: Data From a National Registry
Authors: Shamkhani Warkaa , Zathar Zafraan , Khattak Sophia , Nolan James , Chieffo Alaide , Kinnaird Tim , Mamas Mamas A. 
Published: November 2024

Background
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of the left main coronary artery (LMCA) for stable angina has steadily increased. Outcomes stratified by sex are inconclusive and limited. We assessed sex‐based trends and differences in clinical outcomes among patients with stable angina who received LMCA PCI.

Methods and Results

We retrospectively collected data on patients with stable angina who underwent LMCA PCI (2006–2022) from the UK national PCI registry. The primary outcome of interest was inpatient mortality. Secondary outcomes were major bleeding and major cardiovascular and cerebral events. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess adjusted odds ratio for outcome of interest. Of the 24 271 LMCA PCI performed, 5497 (22.7%) were in women. Women were older than men (median 72.7 versus 70.4) and less likely to have their PCI via radial access (50.3% versus 58.9%). More women had PCI guided by intravascular ultrasound (43.4% versus 41.2%). Women had significantly lower comorbid burden than men. Higher prevalence of chronic renal failure (6.72% versus 4.77%), smoking history (61.47% versus 45.68%), diabetes (27.36% versus 25.74%), prior myocardial infarction (45.36% versus 35.89%), and prior coronary artery bypass grafting (42.13% versus 30.34%) was observed in men than in women, respectively;
P
value <0.005 for all. Women had higher adjusted mortality (adjusted odds ratio, 1.63 [95% CI, 1.1–2.3]) and major bleeding events (adjusted odds ratio, 2.07 [95% CI, 1.19–3.59]). Although odds of major cardiovascular and cerebral events (adjusted odds ratio, 1.27[95% CI, 0.9–1.6]) were higher in women, it was not statistically significant.

Conclusions
Despite being less comorbid, women had a significant increase in their mortality and major bleeding events following LMCA PCI. A sex‐tailored approach considering age, intravascular imaging, and vascular access may improve outcomes.
Projected Cost Savings With Optimal Medication Adherence in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease Requiring Lipid‐Lowering Therapy: A Multinational Economic Evaluation Study
Authors: Cho Jeong‐Yeon , Wilson Fernando A. , Chaikledkaew Usa , Chen Yingyao , Phrommintikul Arintaya , Diaz‐Aguilera Miguel Angel , Chen Zhenyue , Kim Kyoo , Chaiyakunapruk Nathorn 
Published: November 2024

Background
Poor adherence to chronic cardiovascular treatments can impede targeted clinical outcomes. This study estimates the potential benefits of improving adherence among patients with cardiovascular disease requiring secondary prevention in Mexico, Thailand, and China.

Methods and Results
We performed Markov model simulation for patients with cardiovascular disease in 3 countries from health care and societal perspectives over a lifetime horizon. Two scenarios were compared: (1) optimal adherence based on a meta‐analysis of 51 randomized controlled trials and (2) status quo. The association between adherence and cardiovascular disease outcomes derives from a dose–response meta‐analysis of 4 051 338 patients. Outcomes include the accumulated number of cardiovascular events and associated costs in 2022 US dollars, life years, and quality‐adjusted life years. Optimal adherence could prevent 42 (95% credible interval [CrI], 29–56) cardiovascular events in Mexico, 34 (95% CrI, 24–50) in Thailand, and 63 (95% CrI, 43–89) in China per 1000 patients over a lifetime. Incremental effectiveness per patient was 0.60 (95% CrI, 0.47–0.74) life‐years in Mexico, 0.68 (95% CrI, 0.37–0.94) quality‐adjusted life years in Thailand, and 0.93 (95% CrI, 0.44–1.27) quality‐adjusted life years in China. Cost savings from societal perspective amounted to $412 (95% CrI, $211–$723), $316 (95% CrI, $187–$541), and $700 (95% CrI, $355–$1144) per patient for Mexico, Thailand, and China, respectively. Findings remained cost saving in deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions
Achieving optimal adherence in patients with cardiovascular disease requiring lipid‐lowering therapy saves costs and improves health outcomes in Mexico, Thailand, and China. These findings support national health care systems implementing strategies to improve adherence in these countries.
Incarcerated Power: Tracing Foucault’s Footsteps in Nawal El Saadawi’s Woman at Point Zero
Authors: Ghorbanpour Fateme , Sabbagh Mahmoud Reza Ghorban 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Many researchers have approached Nawal El Saadawi’s Woman at Point Zero from different perspectives; however, little has been done to show the complexity of the main character, Firdaus, and her transformation through the story. The present study focuses on the process of character transformation from what may seem to be a state of misery to that of disobedience and heroic resistance. Foucault’s theory of power, as followed by the third-wave feminists, can shed further light on the dynamic change in the personality of the central character. The study reveals that the laws in a patriarchal society, the protagonist’s lack of awareness, and her irresistible fears are the main reasons for her predicaments. The study also shows that the main character, Firdaus, as a free subject, is not always a passive recipient of power but from time to time, she also makes her presence felt. By telling her story, she tries to share her idiosyncratic form of power with other women and inspire them in their struggles against social inequality and male chauvinism.
Dispute Settlement in the Law of the Sea: Survey for 2023
Authors: Churchill Robin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This is the latest in a series of annual surveys in this Journal reviewing dispute settlement in the law of the sea, both under Part XV of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea and outside the framework of the Convention. The most significant developments during 2023 were the judgments on the merits of a Special Chamber of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) in the Dispute concerning Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary between Mauritius and Maldives in the Indian Ocean (Mauritius/Maldives) case and of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in the Question of the Delimitation of the Continental Shelf between Nicaragua and Colombia beyond 200 Nautical Miles from the Nicaraguan Coast (Nicaragua v. Colombia) case; the commencement of two new cases before the ITLOS and the ICJ concerning the seizure and detention of vessels and climate change obligations, respectively; and the findings and recommendations of a panel established by the South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation to consider the validity of one of its fisheries conservation and management measures.
The Trend of Changes in the Differentiation in Climate Change Law: Towards Intensifying, Not Weakening
Authors: Salimi Turkamani Hojjat 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The differentiation between developing and developed countries has been one of the central issues in the climate change legal regime from the beginning. Although there is a consensus among countries regarding the CBDR-RC as the basis for differentiation, the developing countries have always emphasized the first part of the principle, the responsibility of the developed countries based on equity, and in contrast, the developed countries have focused on the second part, the capability of countries to deal with climate change. Due to this contrast between approaches, the differentiation in the evolutionary process of the climate change regime has always been very volatile, from the UNFCCC to the Paris Agreement. The question arises as to what direction the differentiation has gone and what path it will take. This research shows that the movement toward specialization, pragmatism, and flexibility indicate differentiation is going towards strengthening, and the attempt to weaken or gradually eliminate it will most likely lead to the meaningless participation of developing countries and ultimately the ineffectiveness of the regime. To achieve equitable differentiation along with global participation in the future, two-stage differentiation can be applied. In the first step, the differentiation should be applied between developed and developing countries based on an equitable approach to changing responsibility, and in the second step, sub-differentiation should be applied between the developing countries themselves based on national economic-environmental circumstances such as capability and vulnerability. In this case, differentiation will be considered an opportunity and catalyst instead of a threat and an obstacle.
The Effect of Seeing Paintings or Photojournalistic Images Depicting Refugees on Their Infrahumanisation
Authors: Bara Ionela , Tsakiris Manos 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Images are powerful cultural agents that can inform, shape and change the attitudes and behaviours of viewers. The ways in which marginalised groups are depicted in photographs shape people's attitudes towards them. For example, viewing photojournalistic images portraying refugees in large rather than small groups results in the infrahumanisation of refugees. However, the impact of artworks vs photojournalistic images depicting refugees on their infrahumanisation remains a key and unexplored topic. In this pre-registered study, we investigated whether viewing different types of visual images (e.g., paintings vs photographs) of refugees using distinct visual framings (e.g., large or small groups) influences viewers' infrahumanisation of refugees and the intensity and valence of the viewers' felt emotions. Contrary to our predictions, no evidence was found for an effect of visual framing (large vs small groups) and different image types (paintings vs photos) portraying refugees on their infrahumanisation. Moreover, and in line with our predictions, photojournalistic images were evaluated as more emotionally intense than paintings, whereas paintings rather than photojournalistic images engaged more positive emotions, demonstrating that different types of images involve distinct affective responses. Furthermore, exploratory findings revealed that increased positive appraisals of photojournalistic images depicting small groups rather than large groups led to greater humanisation of refugees. This suggests that positive emotions can decrease the infrahumanisation of marginalized groups, particularly when these are evoked by photojournalistic images. Overall, these findings shed new light on the effects of audience exposure to different forms of visual representation and their social and emotional consequences.
The early decline in platelet count is associated with increased adverse outcomes in non heparin-induced thrombocytopenia pediatric patients undergoing VA-ECMO
Authors: Jin Yu , Wang He , Zhou Chun , Zhang Peiyao , Lin Zhangyu , Wang Wenting , Gao Peng , Liu Jia , Liu Jinping 
Published: November 2024

Introduction The impact of non heparin-induced thrombocytopenia on the clinical outcomes for pediatric cardiac surgery patients who required veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane support (VA-ECMO) for failure to wean from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between thrombocytopenia and prognosis in these patients. Methods This retrospective study enrolled 96 pediatric patients (age < 18) who received VA-ECMO directly transitioned from CPB at Fuwai Hospital from January 2010 to June 2020. The association between relative decrease in platelet count (△PLT) post-ECMO 24 h and clinical outcomes was explored. Results There were significant differences in Post-ECMO 24 h platelet counts, platelet count nadir, and duration of platelet decline between the survivors and non-survivors in CPB-ECMO groups. A positive correlation was found between △PLT post-ECMO 24 h and plasma-free hemoglobin (pFHb) ( p = .014, r = 0.305), peak serum creatinine ( p = .016, r = 0.299), peak AST ( p = .014, r = 0.302), duration of platelet transfusion ( p = .032, r = 0.270),The △PLT post-ECMO 24 h had predictive value on in-hospital mortality [( p < .001, AUROC = 0.781 (95% CI: 0.670–0.892)], massive bleeding ( p = .001, AUROC 95% CI: 0.627–0.870), hemolysis ( p = .046, AUROC 95% CI: 0.510–0.780), and nosocomial infection ( p = .020, AUROC 95% CI: 0.536–0.801). Multivariate logistic regression showed that △PLT post-ECMO 24 h was associated with in-hospital mortality and hemolysis. Conclusions The relative early decrease in platelet count 24 h following transition to ECMO is associated with increased patient mortality, and is positively associated with adverse outcomes in pediatric cardiac surgery patients transferred from CPB to ECMO. Moreover, this decline rate can predict in-hospital survival, major bleeding, hemolysis, and hospital-acquired infections.
Associations of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior With Mental Distress According to Caregiver Status: Analysis of the Health Information National Trends Survey, 2022
Authors: Ogunjesa Babatope Ayokunle , de Andrade Leão Otávio Amaral , Aguiñaga Susan , Schwingel Andiara , Raj Minakshi 
Published: November 2024

Purpose To (1) examine how physical activity and sedentary behavior are related to mental distress and (2) identify and compare how various levels of sedentary behaviors may differentially predict mental distress after accounting for physical activity, among caregivers vs non-caregivers. Design Cross-sectional secondary data. Setting National Cancer Institute’s Health Information National Trends Survey Cycle 6 fielded online from March-November 2022. Participants U.S. adults aged 18 and older. Measures The Patient Health Questionnaire-4 was administered along with caregiving status, moderate weekly physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sociodemographic characteristics. Analysis After applying population weights, we conducted multiple adjusted logistic regression models and estimated predictive margins to understand whether a specific dose of sedentary behavior (hours/day) is associated with risk of mental distress, at different levels of physical activity. Results Caregivers (15.41% of sample) reporting 10-hour of daily sedentary behavior were significantly more likely to experience mental distress, than those reporting lower amounts of sedentary behavior (OR = 3.372, 95%CI = 1.968, 5.776, P < 0.001). Regardless of physical activity amount, 10 hours of sedentary behavior may be a risk factor for mental distress among non-caregivers. Just 6 hours of sedentary behavior may be related to mental distress among caregivers. Conclusion Physical activity interventions tailored to caregivers’ needs, responsibilities, and circumstances are required. Innovative methodologies are needed to understand caregivers’ daily behaviors and the intensity of their caregiving activities.
Experimental measurement of track irregularities in EMS maglev systems using the mid-chord offset method and inverse filtering technology
Authors: Zong Lingxiao , Hu Junxiong , Pan Mengchun , Zhang Qi , Ma Weihua 
Published: November 2024

Track irregularities are the main factors causing changes in suspension stability and vibrations in EMS (Electro-magnetic Suspension) maglev trains. Due to the scarcity of actual measurement data on EMS maglev track irregularities, this paper utilizes the principles of the mid-chord offset method to develop a track irregularity detector with a 1-m test chord length. Tests were conducted on the maglev line in Qingyuan, Guangdong. Based on the “using small to predict large” algorithm, data simulating a 3-m test chord length were output. The experimental data were processed to remove trend items and outliers, and an inverse filter was designed to counteract the amplitude gain error of the mid-chord offset method, obtaining accurate data on vertical and lateral track irregularities. The results show that the amplitude and power spectral density (PSD) fluctuations of track irregularities on the left and right rails of the measured line section are similar, with height irregularities of 2.5–3 mm and alignment irregularities of 1–1.5 mm. Periodic wavelength components related to the longitudinal spacing of sleepers, rail length, and beam span, such as 1.2 m, 6.5 m, 12.5 m, and 25 m, are evident, highlighting the need for enhanced inspection and maintenance of these structural components in engineering projects.
Numerical investigation on the impact of injection rates on cooling performance in a rotor-stator cavity with liquid nitrogen spraying
Authors: Yang Xuesen , Zhao Wei , Ren Sanqun , Zhang Binglong , Hu Bin , Zhao Qingjun 
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a numerical investigation of the steady-state cooling performance in a rotor-stator cavity with liquid nitrogen spraying under dimensionless mass flow rate ( C ω) ranging from 1760 to 7040. The disc temperatures are set at 100°C, 200°C, and 300°C, respectively. For all the cases, the rotational speed of the rotor is consistently set at 1000 revolutions per minute. A validated numerical method based on the Volume of Fluid (VOF) technique for simulating two-phase flows, incorporating evaporation-condensation effects, is established and verified using transient test data. The study investigated the influence of injection rates and heating temperatures on heat transfer coefficient distributions. It was found that the peak heat transfer can reach up to 4015.1 W/(m2·K). Higher injection rates lead to an increase in the spray cone angle, aiding in enhancing temperature uniformity. A comparison of liquid nitrogen discharge coefficients under superheated and subcooled conditions highlights the significant impact of flash evaporation within the nozzle on the spray cone angle and flow rate stability. In instances where liquid nitrogen is highly subcooled, the discharge coefficient closely resembles that of water. Furthermore, a new correlation for the local Nusselt number is established as a function of [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] using an exponential relationship, with a relative error not exceeding ±10%.