bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the mechanisms of warming the mid-Pliocene and the inference of a hierarchy of climate sensitivities with relevance to the understanding of climate futures
Authors: Chandan Deepak , Peltier W. Richard 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. We present results from our investigation into the physical mechanisms through which the mid-Pliocene, with a pCO2 of only  ∼  400 ppmv, could have supported the same magnitude of global warmth as has been projected for the climate at the end of the 21st century when pCO2 is expected to be 3 times higher. These mechanisms allow us to understand the warming in terms of changes to the radiative properties of the surface, the clouds, greenhouse gases, and changes to the meridional heat transport. We find that two-thirds of the warming pervasive during the mid-Pliocene, compared to the preindustrial, could be attributed to the reduction in the planetary emissivity owing to the higher concentrations of the greenhouse gases CO2 and water vapor, and the remaining one-third to the reduction in planetary albedo. We also find that changes to the orography and the pCO2 are the leading causes of the warming with each contributing in roughly equal parts to a total of 87 % of the warming and changes to the polar ice sheets responsible for the remaining warming. Furthermore, we provide a mid-Pliocene perspective on ongoing efforts to understand the climate system's sensitivity at various timescales and using multiple lines of evidence. The similarities in the boundary conditions between the mid-Pliocene and the present day, together with the globally elevated temperatures, make the mid-Pliocene an ideal paleo time period from which to derive inferences of climate sensitivity and assess the impacts of various timescale-dependent feedback processes. We assess a hierarchy of climate sensitivities of increasing complexity in order to explore the response of the climate over a very large range of timescales. The picture that emerges is as follows: on the short timescale, owing to the influence of fast feedback processes, the climate sensitivity is 3.25 °C per doubling of CO2; sensitivity increases to 4.16 °C per doubling of CO2 on an intermediate timescale as the ice–albedo feedback becomes active, and then sensitivity further increases to 7.0 °C per doubling of CO2 on long timescales due to the feedback from the glacial isostatic adjustment of the Earth's surface in response to the melting of the polar ice sheets. Finally, once the slow feedbacks have stabilized, the sensitivity of the system drops to 3.35 °C per doubling of CO2. Our inference of the intermediate-timescale climate sensitivity suggests that the projected warming by 2300 CE, inferred using Earth system models of intermediate complexity on the basis of an extension to the RCP4.5 emission scenario in which atmospheric pCO2 stabilizes at roughly twice the PI level in year 2150 CE, could be underestimated by  ∼ 1 °C due to the absence of ice-sheet-based feedbacks in those models.
Visions from the Tide Pool: John Steinbeck's Interdependent Migrant Community
Authors: McNeilly Sam 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The ecological philosophy that Steinbeck sets out in his scientific travel narrative The Log from the Sea of Cortez, which I have termed Cooperative Ecology, is dramatized through the migrant community of The Grapes of Wrath in order to show the potential power residing in the structuring principles of the global ecosystem. This article delineates how Steinbeck's Cooperative Ecology illustrates the ways in which a community can achieve harmony and strength by cooperating with both natural and social environments. Steinbeck arrives at this Cooperative Ecology through a transcendent understanding of the global ecosystem, an ideology which, in The Grapes of Wrath, Jim Casy attains as an acute awareness of following his self-imposed exile in the wild. Casy becomes a prophet of Cooperative Ecology when he reveals to Tom and the wider migrant community the efficacies of cooperation. This cooperation, which occurs among the disempowered migrants, follows the ideas forwarded by Steinbeck in his unpublished essay “Argument of Phalanx,” in which it is argued that when organisms work together they form a phalanx that has greater strength than the sum of its individual components. Through Casy's transcendent understanding of nature, Steinbeck's migrant community demonstrates the effectiveness of Cooperative Ecology in attaining ecological and social harmony.
Polypropylene
Authors: Cathelin Caroline , Dorini Maurizio , Mei Gabriele , Pater Jochem , Rinaldi Riccardo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPolypropylene is one of the most important plastic materials. Its use has grown rapidly since its discovery in 1954. In 2015, the worldwide polypropylene demand was estimated to be 62 million tons per year; about 26% market share of thermoplastic material, second only to polyethylene (37% market share).Progress in technology following catalysts development is described. Type of polypropylene grades, influence of the operating parameters on polymer properties and application are given. A brief description ofSpheripolandSpherizone, the most advanced technologies for polypropylene production, is included.
The Aetiology of Child Sexual Abuse: A Critical Review of the Empirical Evidence
Authors: Clayton Estelle , Jones Christine , Brown Jon , Taylor Julie 
Published: June 2018

This paper reports the results of a critical review of empirical evidence relating to the aetiology of child sexual abuse (CSA) published over the last 15 years. The current review found that the psychology, criminal history and prior victimisation of the perpetrator and the gender, disability status, sexuality and family circumstances of the victim are important risk factors for CSA. Offence characteristics such as the offender‐victim relationship, modus operandi of the perpetrator and absence of a capable guardian are also found to be important markers of risk. We make suggestions for future research frameworks and designs, and we discuss the implications of the evidence for future primary prevention initiatives, practice and policy. We use this evidence to make recommendations for the development of child maltreatment theory more generally.‘A critical review of empirical evidence relating to the aetiology of child sexual abuse published over the last 15 years’Key Practitioner Messages

Understanding of CSA perpetration is not well advanced and it is likely to be far more complex than currently thought.
Intersectionality exists between cultural and sociocultural influences for CSA.
The causes and consequences of CSA are both different to and the same as other forms of maltreatment, but we do not yet have sufficiently nuanced evidence to say how much these diverge and converge.
The evidence is mixed and difficult to interpret regarding offenders' own childhood experiences of CSA.
Emergent populations derived with unsupervised learning of human whole genomes
Authors: Njie eMalick G. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) holds great promise to precisely classify human ancestry and the genetic causes of complex diseases. I have constructed an unsupervised machine learning paradigm that examines the whole genome as a hyper-dense, nonlinear, multidimensional feature space. The AI system culminates in 26 neural network neurons each sensitive to a specific heritage that can identify an individual’s component genetic heritages with a top-5 error of <0.5%. Importantly, I observed some populations previously thought to belong to single stratum are composed of multiple strata – for instance Japan is defined as a uniform population using previous methods. I found that the Japanese individuals segregate to two very distinct populations. This work represents an essential step towards understanding the genetic background of patients to enable precision medicine causal disease gene identification.
Performance benchmarking of GATK3.8 and GATK4
Authors: Heldenbrand Jacob R. , Baheti Saurabh , Bockol Matthew A. , Drucker Travis M. , Hart Steven N. , Hudson Matthew E. , Iyer Ravishankar K. , Kalmbach Michael T. , Klee Eric W. , Wieben Eric D. , Wiepert Mathieu , Wildman Derek E. , Mainzer Liudmila S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractUse of the Genome Analysis Toolkit (GATK) continues to be the standard practice in genomic variant calling in both research and the clinic. Recently the toolkit has been rapidly evolving. Significant computational performance improvements have been introduced in GATK3.8 through collaboration with Intel in 2017. The first release of GATK4 in early 2018 revealed significant rewrites in the code base, as the stepping stone toward a Spark implementation. As the software continues to be a moving target for optimal deployment in highly productive environments, we present a detailed analysis of these improvements, to help the community stay abreast with changes in performance. We re-evaluated the options previously identified as advantageous, such as threading, parallel garbage collection, I/O options and data-level parallelization. Based on our results, we consider the performance and cost trade-offs of using GATK3.8 and GATK4 for different types of analyses.
Efficacy of Endovascular Therapy in Acute Ischemic Stroke Depends on Age and Clinical Severity
Authors: Le Bouc Raphaël , Clarençon Frédéric , Meseguer Elena , Lapergue Bertrand , Consoli Arturo , Turc Guillaume , Naggara Olivier , Duong Duc Long , Servan Jerome , Reiner Peggy , Labeyrie Marc Antoine , Fisselier Mathieu , Blanc Raphaël , Farhat Wassim , Pires Christine , Zuber Mathieu , Obadia Michael , Mazighi Mikael , Pico Fernando , Mas Jean-Louis , Amarenco Pierre , Samson Yves ,   on behalf of the Paris Stroke Consortium
Published: June 2018

Background and Purpose—
Efficacy of endovascular treatment (EVT) for ischemic stroke because of large vessel occlusion may depend on patients’ age and stroke severity; we, therefore, developed a prognosis score based on these variables and examined whether EVT efficacy differs between patients with good, intermediate, or poor prognostic score.

Methods—
A total of 4079 patients with an acute ischemic stroke were identified from the Paris Stroke Consortium registry. We developed the stroke checkerboard (SC) score (SC score=1 point per decade ≥50 years of age and 2 points per 5 points on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale) to predict spontaneous outcome. The primary outcome was the adjusted common odds ratio for an improvement in the modified Rankin Scale at 90 days after EVT, in patients with low, intermediate, or high SC scores. To rule out potential selection biases, a nested case-control analysis, with individual matching for all major prognostic factors, was also performed, to compare patients with large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation treated or not with EVT.

Results—

In patients untreated with EVT, SC scores <8 were predictive of good outcomes (modified Rankin Scale score, 0–2; area under the curve, 0.87), whereas SC scores >12 were predictive of poor outcomes (modified Rankin Scale score, 4–6; area under the curve, 0.88). In the overall population, there was an interaction between EVT and prognosis group (
P
<0.001). EVT was associated with improved outcome in patients with SC scores >12 (common odds ratio, 1.70; 95% confidence interval, 1.13–2.56) and SC scores 8 to 12 (odds ratio, 1.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.11–1.69) but not in patients with SC scores <8 (odds ratio, 0.72; 95% confidence interval, 0.56–0.93). Similar results were obtained in the case-control analysis among 449 patients treated with EVT and 449 matched patients untreated with EVT.

Conclusions—
In patients stratified with the SC score, EVT was associated with improved functional outcome in older and more severe patients but not in younger and less severe patients.
The Japan Islamic Congress
Authors: Obuse Kieko 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The present article discusses the possibility of regarding the Japan Islamic Congress (JIC), a religious organization that claimed a membership of over 50,000 in the 1980s, as a new religion. It examines major factors in the expansion of the JIC through highlighting five characteristics it shares with new religions, namely, 1) it had a charismatic leader, attributed with the power to ‘heal’; 2) it attracted members through the curing of illnesses, with many joining as nominal members; 3) it focused on making practice easy and organizing large-scale events where the group’s identity is emphasized; 4) its teachings display a syncretic nature, combining Islamic and Buddhist ideas; and 5) it was actively engaged with society, especially the fields of medicine and politics. Critiquing the view taken by existing scholarship that attributes the JIC’s decline to its teachings not representing “genuine Islam,” the article further argues that, in addition to the lack of a capable successor, three other factors can be highlighted as possible reasons for the JIC’s inability to survive: 1) its primary channel of contact with potential members was limited to medical service; 2) apart from this medical service, it did not develop teachings or practices that would lead directly to the improvement of life; and 3) it did not meet the needs of contemporary Japanese society, where the interest in more personal spirituality had started to grow.
Tie-Over Bolster Dressings vs Basting Sutures for the Closure of Full-Thickness Skin Grafts: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Kromka William , Cameron Michael , Fathi Ramin 
Published: June 2018

Background: Full-thickness skin grafting is a well-established technique in the reconstruction of various tissue defects and wounds. However, lack of uniformity in the procedure of closing and securing the grafts has led to a wide range of different techniques. Objective: This article reviews the use of tie-over bolster dressings compared to basting sutures for the fixation and postsurgical immobilization of full-thickness skin grafts (FTSGs), discusses details of each method, and proposes a practice guideline for the closure of FTSGs. Methods: A traditional review of the literature was performed through a search of PubMed using the following keywords: full-thickness skin graft, FTSG, closure, suture, tie-over bolster, quilting, and bolster. Results: The current literature regarding tie-over bolster dressings does not demonstrate improved outcomes compared to quilting sutures. The 2 techniques appear equivalent in terms of utility and outcome, both possessing distinct advantages and disadvantages. Conclusion: Despite minimal head-to-head studies between tie-over bolsters and quilting, the best evidence from the literature appears to show comparable results regarding graft take, cosmetic outcomes, and postoperative complications. Ultimately, the choice of using a tie-over bolster technique or quilting sutures relies on surgeon preference and anatomic location.
Effect of telemedicine intervention on hypoglycaemia in diabetes patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Hu Yuli , Wen Xiaohong , Wang Feifei , Yang Dongliang , Liu Shanshan , Li Pan , Xu Juling 
Published: June 2018

Introduction Hypoglycaemia is a clinical syndrome from various causes, which happens when the blood glucose concentration is too low. Many studies show that telemedicine intervention can improve glycemic control and has a positive impact on the management of diabetic patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of telemedicine intervention on hypoglycemic event occurrences and results on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and body mass index (BMI). Methods We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, the EBSCO host, and OVID to identify relevant studies published from January 2006 to December 2017. The work of searching, selecting and assessing risk of bias was administrated by two independent reviewers. The primary outcomes were hypoglycemic event rate and HbA1c; the secondary outcome was BMI. Results From 1246 articles, we identified 14 eligible RCTs ( n = 1324). Compared to usual care, telemedicine was found to reduce the odds of hypoglycaemia (odds ratio ( OR) = 0.42; 95% confidence interval ( CI) = 0.29–0.59; I2 = 32%; p < 0.00001). We found that the clinical relevance declined in HbA1c level compared to control group (mean difference = −0.28; 95% CI = −0.45 to −0.12; I2 = 53%; p = 0.0005), but that telemedicine had no effect on BMI (mean difference = −0.27; 95% CI = −0.86–0.31; I2 = 40%; p = 0.35). Discussion Compared to usual care, the use of telemedicine was found to improve HbA1c and reduce the risk of moderate hypoglycaemia in diabetic patients, but without significant difference in BMI.
OSI 2017 Summary Report
Authors: Hampson Glenn 
Published: June 2018

The Open Scholarship Initiative (OSI) is the world’s only global, large-scale, multi-stakeholder effort to improve the flow of information within research and between researchers, policymakers, funders and the public. This effort, which is nearing its third full year of operation, was developed in partnership between the Science Communication Institute (SCI) and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in early 2016. There is no other initiative like this, focusing on improving the entire landscape of research communication (from peer review to open access to publish or perish pressures in academia) by working together instead of separately through dozens of individual and often conflicting efforts. As you will see in this report, OSI participants are beginning to understand how they might be able to work together as a global community on this issue. Most participants see eye to eye on the broad outlines of this challenge, and their reports—considered together and building upon each other—point to specific solutions that can be developed starting this year with minimal funding. Fully pursuing all the recommendations will require much more funding, but our hope is that we can get started now on a tight budget and build from there.On behalf of SCI and OSI, thank you to our sponsors who have made this work possible, and to OSI participants who have contributed so much of their time and energies to this important effort.
Cinema, estigmatização territorial e história urbana: "O bandido da luz vermelha" e a boca do lixo em São Paulo
Authors: Franco Herta 
Published: June 2018

Neste artigo propõe-se uma análise do filme “O Bandido da Luz Vermelha” (1968), do diretor Rogério Sganzerla. Considerado como um dos precursores do “Cinema Marginal”, o filme é abordado sob a perspectiva da História Urbana, de modo a compreender como se deu o processo de estigmatização da região central da cidade de São Paulo, particularmente da área denominada “Boca do Lixo”, apontada como o lócus da criminalidade e da violência. Partindo do pressuposto de que o imaginário do “submundo” é uma construção social, pretende-se perscrutar qual o papel dos meios de comunicação de massa e da indústria cultural, particularmente do cinema, neste processo.
Anatrophic Nephrolithotomy for The Management of Large Complete Staghorn Calculi
Authors: Dongol Udaya Man Singh , Bohora Sandeep 
Published: June 2018

Background: Complete staghorn calculus is a challenging issue in urological practice. Anatrophic nephrolithotomy is a major surgery frequently performed for a large complete staghorn calculus. Current endourological procedures like percutaneous nephrolithotomy or extracorporeal lithotripsy or retrograde intra renal surgery are less effective in the management of complete large staghorn calculi.Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess the safety and effi cacy of anatrophic nephrolithotomy in the management of complete large staghorn calculus diseases.Methodology: Total 25 adult patients with complete staghorn calculi from March 2012 to the fi rst week of Sept 2017 were included in the study and were evaluated for patient demography, operating time, blood transfusion rate, cold ischemia time, hospitalization duration, stone clearance rate and the complications.Results: Twenty five adult patients with the mean age of 36 years (26-73years) and the mean stone size of 50 mm (40- 65mm) underwent anatrophic nephrolithotomy. Fifteen were male patients and 10 female patients. The mean operating time was 156 minutes (130—210 minutes) and the cold ischemia time was 41 minutes (33-54 minutes). Six patients (24%) needed blood transfusion. The duration of hospital stay was 7.2 days (6–11 days). The stone clearance rate was 88 % at the time of discharge and 96 % at three month follow up.Conclusion: Anatrophic nephrolithotomy is a valid and useful approach and is a reasonable alternative in selected patients with complete large staghorn calculi. It can achieve high stone free rate with very low morbidity and low cost. Journal of Kathmandu Medical College,Vol. 6, No. 4, Issue 22, Oct.-Dec., 2017, Page: 140-144
The Original Green Campaign: Dr. Hildegard of Bingen's Viriditas as Complement to Laudato Si
Authors: Dadosky John 
Published: June 2018

[Figure: see text] Pope Francis's encyclical Laudato Si placed the ecological concerns and environmental responsibility into the heart of Catholic social teaching in an epoch-making manner. His account of creation, his call for an integral ecology, which includes the preferential option for the poor, and his call for an ecological conversion beckon for a theology to guide and support the implementation of these teachings. Although not mentioned in the encyclical, Hildegard of Bingen's notion of viriditas (the greening) can provide the basis for a theology that meets the exigencies highlighted in the encyclical.
ESTRUCTURAS DESPLEGABLES: SISTEMAS TIPO TIJERA
Authors: Torres Londoño Natalia , Alkmim de Matos Hugo 
Published: June 2018

Taller sobre estructuras desplegables impartido en la PUC Minas en la ciudad de Belo Horizonte. Liderado por el grupo de investigación SMiA bajo la coordinación de los miembros Hugo Alkmim de Matos y Natalia Torres y con la colaboración del LEFAD (Laboratorio de Fabricación Digital). El objetivo principal es la enseñanza de nuevas estrategias de proyecto presentando el sistema tipo tijera como una alternativa de diseño modular, ligero y transformable. La metodología se basa en el armado de maquetas que incorporan la tecnología de la impresión 3d en sistemas de conexiones, creando nuevas herramientas didácticas para entender este tipo de estructuras. El taller finaliza con la construcción de un pabellón en madera, donde el estudiante se enfrenta al cambio de escala y a los procesos reales de fabricación y montaje de una estructura desplegable.