bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les Espagnols dans la région d’Oran au milieu du xix e siècle. Mariage, comportements matrimoniaux, liens familiaux et liens sociaux
Authors: Brunet Guy , Kateb Kamel 
Published: September 2018

Les migrants venus d’Espagne ont joué un rôle très important dans le peuplement et le développement économique de la partie occidentale de l’Algérie, l’Oranais. Le courant migratoire le plus fort concerne des villages de la province d’Alicante, et quelques-uns ont fourni de nombreux jeunes hommes et jeunes femmes mariés dans la ville portuaire d’Arzew. L’analyse des mariages enregistrés dans cette ville entre 1847 et 1874, ainsi que la reconstitution de quelques généalogies permettent de mettre en évidence que la migration a parfois eu lieu par groupes familiaux. Sur place, des migrants ont souvent adopté un comportement endogame, non seulement à l’échelle de la province, mais souvent à l’échelle du village d’origine. En outre, généralement confinés dans des activités professionnelles peu qualifiées et mal rémunérées, ces immigrés espagnols ont constitué un groupe assez fermé, préservant une vie « à l’espagnole » avec des fêtes collectives.
Schleiermacher, de la religion des Reden au protestantisme de la Glaubenslehre
Authors: Reymond Bernard 
Published: September 2018

Une lecture attentive de la Glaubenslehre (1821) de Schleiermacher fait prendre conscience du fait que le terme « protestantisme » y joue un rôle déterminant, qui revient à celui de « religion » dans les Reden (1799). Bernard Reymond montre que la raison de cette différence tient à un important changement tant du contexte socio-politique prussien que des auditoires visés par Schleiermacher, quand bien même la perspective d’ensemble reste la même.
L’unification du mouvement coopératif au Bureau international du travail : la « révolution silencieuse » d’Albert Thomas
Authors: Dhermy-Mairal Marine 
Published: September 2018

Cet article décrit un projet porté par Albert Thomas, directeur du Bureau international du travail entre 1919 et 1932 : rapprocher les coopératives agricoles de production des coopératives de consommation, afin de transformer le régime capitaliste en un régime de justice sociale. Il s’agit, à l’instar du programme d’économie sociale de Charles Gide, de sortir d’une conception misérabiliste de la coopération pour en faire un instrument plus général de transformation économique et sociale du monde marchand. Ce projet, dont les fondements intellectuels sont exposés dans cet article, est aussi étudié au prisme des activités du Bureau international du travail, dont le point d’orgue fut la constitution en 1932 d’un Comité international des relations intercoopératives.
Femmes britanniques et pratiques internationales de justice sociale dans la première moitié du XX e siècle
Authors: Hidalgo-Weber Olga 
Published: September 2018

Cet article questionne le lien entre l’émancipation politique des femmes britanniques, obtenue en 1918 dans leur pays, et leurs carrières dans les organisations internationales créées en 1919 : la Société des Nations et l’Organisation internationale du travail (OIT). Les relations entre la nation britannique et ces organisations sont examinées, afin de cerner les réseaux susceptibles de favoriser les carrières féminines à l’échelle internationale. Différents exemples illustrent la manière dont certaines femmes britanniques contribuent à l’internationalisation de la justice sociale dans l’entre-deux-guerres, pour le bénéfice des travailleurs de leur pays et des colonies. Les raisons et les moyens mobilisés par ces femmes sur la scène internationale mettent en lumière l’usage qu’elles font de l’OIT pour poursuivre des combats freinés sur la scène domestique. Certaines d’entre elles possèdent une expertise en matière sociale, dont les fonctionnaires de l’Organisation tirent parti. Inversement, l’OIT leur sert de caisse de résonance et permet d’observer ce qu’elles retirent de cet investissement.
Le genre de l’OIT. Place des femmes dans les organes représentatifs, hiérarchie sexuée des emplois et politiques genrées de justice sociale
Authors: Thébaud Françoise 
Published: September 2018

Poser la question du genre de l’Organisation internationale du travail (OIT) ouvre une fenêtre originale sur le fonctionnement et l’histoire de l’Organisation. L’article questionne la place respective des hommes et des femmes dans toutes ses instances, la construction différenciée des catégories de travailleur et travailleuse, ainsi que la dimension sexuée de la législation internationale du travail qui entend instaurer la justice sociale. Il met le focus sur les deux premières décennies de l’OIT, mais précise les évolutions de long terme. Ce faisant, il souligne le genre longtemps masculin de l’Organisation et jauge les efforts entrepris ces dernières décennies pour la mise en œuvre de politiques et de pratiques plus égalitaires : en particulier, les années 2000 apparaissant déterminantes. Cet article nuance également la mémoire institutionnelle d’un tournant radical post-guerre, qui ferait passer d’une politique de protection spécifique des travailleuses à une politique d’égalité professionnelle.
Follow-up of hepatitis b virus vaccine response in healthy individuals
Authors: El-Deen Mohamed Nessren M.B. , Abuo-El-Yazed Abuo-El-Hassan Hanna , El-Deen Mohamed Hend M.B. 
Published: September 2018

Background
The long-term protective effect of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine and the need for booster dose vaccination remain unclear. Detection of nonresponders to HBV vaccine and search for factors that lead to nonresponse will help in prevention of HBV infection, hepatocellular carcinoma related to hepatitis B infection and hepatitis D virus infection.

Aim
The aim of this study was to assess the benefit of follow-up of hepatitis B vaccine response and evaluate the persistence of seroprotection after HBV vaccination to determine the necessity of a booster dose in healthy individuals after 5 and 10 years of vaccination.

Patients and methods
Serum samples were tested for quantitative detection of hepatitis B surface antibodies (HBsAb) using ELISA for 30 individuals who received HBV vaccine of less than or equal to 5 years (group I) and 30 individuals who received HBV vaccine for more than or equal to 10 years (group II), and if the results were negative or less than 10 IU/ml, evaluations of hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B core antibodies (total) were done.

Results
HBsAb was positive among 66.7% of each group, and the median HBsAb level was 59.73 and 51.21 in groups I and II, respectively.

Conclusion
Approximately 33% of the studied groups were nonresponders of HBV vaccine regardless of postvaccination years (5–10). Hepatitis B infection and occult hepatitis B infection results were negative in all of nonresponders.

Recommendations
Follow-up of HBsAb levels in vaccinated individuals after having completed three doses of hepatitis B vaccination on a large scale is important to detect nonresponses and revaccinate them.
Evaluation of serum YKL-40 and cardiovascular risk in chronic kidney disease
Authors: El Senosy Fatma M. , Morsy Mona M. , Mohamed Nagwa A. , Albanna ALRomisa S. 
Published: September 2018

Background
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide health problem. Patients with end-stage renal disease have high prevalence of atherosclerosis and consequently development of cardiovascular disease resulting in elevated mortality rates. YKL-40 has been shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, and abnormal angiogenesis. It is closely related to the early and late phases in the development of atherosclerosis.

Aim
To study serum YKL-40 levels in patients with CKD and to assess its correlation with high-sensitive C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) as a predictor for early atherosclerosis.

Patients and methods
A cross-sectional study included 40 CKD patients. Group I was classified into: Ia which 20 patients on regular hemodialysis and Ib which included 20 predialysis patients’ CKD (stages 4–5), compared with 40 healthy controls of the same age and sex (group II). Routine laboratory investigations were done and serum Hs-CRP and YKL-40 level were measured in both groups and healthy controls. CIMT was measured by B-mode ultrasound.

Results
There were a highly significant increase of serum YKL-40 and Hs-CRP levels and intima-media thickness of carotid artery in group I when compared with the control group and a highly significant increase in group Ia in comparison to group Ib. There were highly significance positive correlations between YKL-40 level and Hs-CRP, CIMT in groups Ia and Ib.

Conclusion
The study concluded that the serum level of YKL-40 is significantly elevated in patients with chronic renal failure both hemodialysis and predialysis and there was significant positive correlation between YKL-40 and CIMT as well as Hs-CRP in all patients with chronic renal failure. We suggest that YKL-40 had a role as an inflammatory marker and for early detection of atherosclerosis.
Comparison of SRK/T and Haigis formulae in the prediction of refractive outcome after phacoemulsification
Authors: Mansour Mona N. , Kamel Rehab M. , Hegazy Hanan S. 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
To compare the accuracy of SRK/T and Haigis formulae used for intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation by a partial coherence interferometer in patients undergoing phacoemulsification surgery.

Patients and methods
A prospective interventional clinical study included 70 eyes of 60 patients, who underwent uncomplicated phacoemulsification with IOL implantation from October 2015 to December 2017. Preoperative axial length (AL), corneal curvature (keratometry), and preoperative anterior chamber depth (preoperative ACD) were measured using Nidek AL-scan optical biometer and the IOL power was determined using both SRK/T and Haigis formulae. The difference between the predicted value and the postoperative spherical equivalent was calculated for both the formulae by the end of the follow-up (3 months postoperatively).

Results
The mean errors of the two formulae were SRK/T: −0.225±0.61 D and Haigis: 0.171±0.68 D; the mean absolute errors of the two formulae were 0.534±0.36 and 0.533±0.44 D, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the mean error of the two formulas used in the overall performance, but was significant in eyes with an AL of more than 25 mm. The proportion of patients having a prediction error within ±0.50 D of SRK/T formula (54.29%) was comparable to those of Haigis (55.71%) and the prediction errors within ±1.0 D were 87.14 and 85.71%, respectively. There is a weak correlation between the mean AL, keratometry and the Haigis–SRK/T prediction differences (r
2=0.273).

Conclusion
The calculation of IOL power using SRK/T and Haigis formulae resulted in an accurate postoperative refraction. In long AL subcategory, the mean absolute error of Haigis was less compared with the SRK/T formula.
The role of serum retinol in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Mourad Fatma A.S. , El Sayed Zeinab H. , Showman Heba A.M. , Abo Ragab Mona M.M. , Mohamed Nagwa Abd El-Ghaffer 
Published: September 2018

Background
Retinol has been involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism and hepatic steatosis. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) have emerged as the most common chronic liver diseases. A minority of affected patients develop subsequently hepatic fibrosis, whereas most of them exhibit simple steatosis. Indeed, the relation between retinol and NAFLD and NASH is still incomplete and unknown.

Objective
This study aimed to identify the clinical relevance of retinol in patients with NAFLD and NASH.

Patients and methods
This study enrolled 90 individuals who were selected from the outpatient clinic of Al Zahraa University Hospital, Egypt, which comprised 30 patients with NAFLD, 30 with NASH and 30 healthy persons as a control group. Serum glucose, lipid profiles, markers of liver damage, serum retinol, and abdominal ultrasound were studied.

Results
Serum retinol concentrations were significantly lower in NAFLD and NASH than in control, where the mean serum retinol concentration in patients with NAFLD was 23.02±2.9 and NASH was 11.7±2.3, and it was significantly lower than those in controls, with 36.1±2.7 (P<0.01).

Conclusion
Circulating retinol concentrations were lower in patients with NAFLD and were associated with hepatic lipid metabolism and insulin resistance.
A study of correlation of fine-needle aspiration cytology with postoperative histopathological examination in patients with either solitary thyroid nodule or multiple nodules
Authors: Sirry Mohammed A. , Abdelwahab Elsayed M. , Abdelaziz Heba T. , Badr Maher F. 
Published: September 2018

Background
Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the thyroid gland is now a well-established, first-line diagnostic test for the evaluation of thyroid nodules with the main purpose of confirming benign lesions and thereby, reducing unnecessary surgery. Different imaging techniques are now used for diagnosis of thyroid nodules like radionucleotide scanning and ultrasonography. However, FNAC is still regarded as the single most accurate and cost-effective procedure, particularly if ultrasound is used as a guide for better sample collection, especially for cystic lesions.

Aim
The aim of the work is to evaluate the correlation of preoperative FNAC with postoperative histopathological examination in patients with either solitary thyroid nodule and multiple nodules.

Patients
and methods This prospective study was done between April 2016 and November 2017 on 100 patients presented to the General Surgical Department with either solitary or multiple thyroid nodule. This was done to assess the correlation between preoperative FNAC and postoperative histopathological examination.

Results
Statistical analysis of our study showed sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, false-positive fraction, false-negative fraction, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of FNAC to be 92, 81, 84, 36, 3.3, 63, and 96%, respectively.

Conclusion
The FNAC is a sensitive, specific, and accurate initial diagnostic test for the preoperative evaluation of patients with thyroid swellings in our setting as well. The correlation of cytological and histopathological diagnoses is an important quality assurance method, as it allows cytopathologists to calculate their false-positive and false-negative results.
Estimation of bladder wall thickness at different areas with ultrasound and its relation to cystocele
Authors: Foda Basem I. , Saad Adel , El-Dydamony Eman M. 
Published: September 2018

Objective
The aim was to verify our hypothesis that decreasing bladder wall thickness will facilitate ballooning of the bladder wall at this thin part that will be involved in a process of cystocele other than the last traditional reported factors.

Patients and methods
This prospective study included 80 female patients between 20 and 45 years of age who were divided into two groups. Group I: 40 women were normal (control group); 20 of them were married and 20 were virgins and Group II: Comprising 40 patients have clinical manifestations of cystocele. All underwent complete history taking, physical examination, translabial, and transabdominal ultrasound examination with measurement of anterior and posterior detrusor wall thickness (DWT); also multichannel urodynamic testing was done to diagnose if there is associated obstruction or not.

Results
In group I, the mean DWT in 20 virgin women was 3.28±0.79 at the anterior bladder wall and 2.72±0.77 at the posterior bladder wall by transabdominal ultrasound, whereas by translabial ultrasound it measured 3.34±0.83 at the anterior bladder wall and 2.62±0.94 at the posterior bladder wall. In 20 married women of the control group without cystocele the mean DWT was 2.85±0.72 and 2.70±0.75 at the anterior and the posterior bladder wall, respectively, by transabdominal ultrasound. Also, the mean DWT was 2.90±0.69 and 2.75±0.74 at the anterior and the posterior bladder wall, respectively, by translabial ultrasound. In group II the anterior and the posterior wall measured 2.95±0.95 and 2.25±0.73, respectively, by transabdominal ultrasound, while it measured 4.35±1.40 and 2.40±0.77, respectively, by translabial ultrasound. With obvious obstruction in group II, P
det.Q
max. was 29.18±7.54 whereas it was 18.10±13.40 in group I. An increased level of Q
max was noticed in group I with a mean value of 25.73±8.56 whereas it was of a less value in group II (15.83±6.21).

Conclusion
Our findings verify our hypothesis that decreasing bladder wall thickness will facilitate ballooning of the bladder wall at this thin part. Moreover, an increase in intravesical pressure during micturition will form a pseudo-diverticulum of the bladder wall, which in turn had lost the scaffolding of the fascia and/or vaginal wall.
Mobile Gambling Among Youth: A Warning Sign for Problem Gambling?
Authors: Zhao Yaxi , Marchica Loredana , Derevensky Jeffrey L. , Ivoska William 
Published: September 2018

With the rapid development of technology in the gambling industry, underage mobile gambling has become a growing concern. The present study investigated the prevalence of adolescent mobile gambling and the relationship between frequency of mobile gambling and gambling-related problems. A survey assessing past-year gambling behavior, gambling problems, perceived risk for gambling, and parental and peer disapproval of gambling was completed by 6,818 junior/senior high school students aged 10 to 19. A descriptive analysis demonstrated a 5% prevalence of mobile gambling, and regular mobile gambling (at least monthly) was associated with a higher risk of developing a gambling problem and engagement in other forms of gambling. A hierarchical logistic regression revealed that being female, younger, and perceiving higher parental disapproval of gambling is related to less past-year mobile gambling. Perceived risk of gambling-related harms and peer disapproval were not significant predictors after controlling for other factors. The results suggest that underage mobile gambling may serve as one warning sign of adolescent problem gambling. Given that mobile gambling accessibility is increasing, the results provide valuable information for early intervention and prevention.RésuméAvec le développement rapide de la technologie dans le secteur du jeu, le jeu sur appareil portable chez les personnes mineures devient une préoccupation croissante. La présente étude a examiné la prévalence du jeu sur portable chez les adolescents et la relation entre la fréquence des jeux de hasard sur portable et les problèmes liés au jeu. Un sondage évaluant le comportement de jeu au cours de l’année précédente, les problèmes de jeu, le risque perçu de jeu et la désapprobation des parents et des pairs a été effectué auprès de 6 818 élèves du secondaire, âgés de 10 à 19 ans. Une analyse descriptive a démontré une prévalence de 5 % du jeu sur portable, et le jeu régulier sur portable (au moins une fois par mois) était associé à un risque plus élevé de développer un problème de jeu et de s’engager dans d’autres formes de jeu. Une régression logistique hiérarchique a révélé que le fait d’être une femme, d’être plus jeune et de percevoir une grande désapprobation parentale à l’égard des jeux de hasard a donné lieu à moins de jeu sur portable au cours de l’année écoulée. Le risque perçu de méfaits liés au jeu et la désapprobation par les pairs n’étaient pas des prédicteurs significatifs, après neutralisation d’autres facteurs. Les résultats montrent que le jeu sur appareil portable chez les mineurs peut constituer un signe d’avertissement du jeu problématique chez les adolescents. Étant donné que l’accessibilité au jeu sur portable augmente, les résultats fournissent des données précieuses pour l’intervention précoce et la prévention.
Inflation method for ensemble Kalman filter in soil hydrology
Authors: Bauser Hannes H. , Berg Daniel , Klein Ole , Roth Kurt 
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is a popular data assimilation method in
soil hydrology. In this context, it is used to estimate states and parameters
simultaneously. Due to unrepresented model errors and a limited ensemble
size, state and parameter uncertainties can become too small during
assimilation. Inflation methods are capable of increasing state
uncertainties, but typically struggle with soil hydrologic applications. We
propose a multiplicative inflation method specifically designed for the needs
in soil hydrology. It employs a Kalman filter within the EnKF to estimate
inflation factors based on the difference between measurements and mean
forecast state within the EnKF. We demonstrate its capabilities on a small
soil hydrologic test case. The method is capable of adjusting inflation
factors to spatiotemporally varying model errors. It successfully transfers
the inflation to parameters in the augmented state, which leads to an
improved estimation.
The “Spirit of the Fatherland”: German-American Culture and Community in the Library and Archive of the German Society of Pennsylvania, ca. 1887–1920
Authors: Ames Alexander Lawrence 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
Established to nourish and showcase the vibrancy of German-American ethnic, scholarly, and cultural life, the library and archive of the German Society of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia have long served as artifacts of identity, politics, and intellectual discourse in one of the United States' largest cities. The library's opulent reading room showcases the central role of literary and cultural pride in German-American life. This article analyzes a pivotal era in the history of the German Society, its library, and its archive—between roughly 1887 and 1920—when burgeoning German ethnic pride came face to face with challenges posed by interethnic tensions, and, eventually, shifting geopolitical alignments culminating in the First World War. Study of the construction of the Society's headquarters and library reading room, along with examination of the contents of the library and archive, reveals that the Society operated as a crucible for evolving understandings of German-American ethnicity and republican citizenship.
Taking Up the Work: The Library Apprentices of Redondo Beach, California, 1909–1924
Authors: Blank Lisa 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
Librarians have historically been presented as missionaries or reformers, women dedicated to the “true library spirit.” This is an exploration of the personal lives and professional careers of the thirty-four library apprentices of the Redondo Beach (California) Public Library from 1909 through 1924. Not graduates of library schools, these women and girls entered librarianship from the local community, received some basic training, and then went on, some to long-term careers in the profession, some to work for a only a few months or years in a library, while others never did paid library work at all. The article looks at four key characteristics—age, training, employment options, and marital status—and asks what traits impacted work choice and career longevity.