bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biogenesis of Autophagosome in Trichomonas vaginalis during Macroautophagy Induced by Rapamycin‐treatment and Iron or Glucose Starvation Conditions
Authors: Hernández‐García Mar S. , Miranda‐Ozuna Jesús F. T. , Salazar‐Villatoro Lizbeth , Vázquez‐Calzada Carlos , Ávila‐González Leticia , González‐Robles Arturo , Ortega‐López Jaime , Arroyo Rossana 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAutophagy is an adaptive response for cell survival in which cytoplasmic components and organelles are degraded in bulk under normal and stress conditions. Trichomonas vaginalis is a parasite highly adaptable to stress conditions such as iron (IR) and glucose restriction (GR). Autophagy can be traced by detecting a key autophagy protein (Atg8) anchored to the autophagosome membrane by a lipid moiety. Our goal was to perform a morphological and cellular study of autophagy in T. vaginalis under GR, IR, and Rapamycin (Rapa) treatment using TvAtg8 as a putative autophagy marker. We cloned tvatg8a and tvatg8b and expressed and purified rTvAtg8a and rTvAtg8b to produce specific polyclonal antibodies. Autophagy vesicles were detected by indirect immunofluorescence assays and confirmed by ultrastructural analysis. The biogenesis of autophagosomes was detected, showing intact cytosolic cargo. TvAtg8 was detected as puncta signal with the anti‐rTvAtg8b antibody that recognized soluble and lipid‐associated TvAtg8b by Western blot assays in lysates from stress‐inducing conditions. The TvAtg8b signal co‐localized with the CytoID and lysotracker labeling (autolysosomes) that accumulated after E‐64d treatment in GR parasites. Our data suggest that autophagy induced by starvation in T. vaginalis results in the formation of autophagosomes for which TvAtg8b could be a putative autophagy marker.
Competence and confidence in rural and remote nursing practice: A structural equation modelling analysis of national data
Authors: Penz Kelly L. , Stewart Norma J. , Karunanayake Chandima P. , Kosteniuk Julie G. , MacLeod Martha L. P. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo empirically test a conceptual model of confidence and competence in rural and remote nursing practice.BackgroundThe levels of competence and confidence of nurses practising in rural settings have been highlighted as essential to the quality of health outcomes for rural peoples. However, there is limited research exploring these constructs in the context of rural/remote nursing practice.DesignStructural equation modelling was used to verify the conceptual model with data from the cross‐sectional pan‐Canadian Nursing Practice in Rural and Remote Canada II Survey. The STROBE guidelines for cross‐sectional research were followed in the design/reporting of this analysis. The sample consisted of 2,065 registered nurses and nurse practitioners who were working in direct rural/remote nursing practice.ResultsThe maximum likelihood ratioχ2 = 0.0822,df = 2,p = 0.959 indicated model fit, with final model estimates explaining 53% of the variance in work confidence and 17% of the variance in work competence. The model also accounted for 40% of the variance in work engagement, 39% of the variance in burnout and 15% of the variance in perceived stress. The complexity of competence and confidence in rural nursing practice was evident, being influenced by nursing experience in rural settings, rural work environment characteristics, community factors and indicators of professional well‐being.ConclusionsThe factors influencing nurses’ competence and confidence in rural/remote nursing practice are more complex than previously understood. Our model, created and tested using structural equation modelling, merits further research, to extend our understanding of how nurses can be prepared and supported for practice in rural and remote settings.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study highlights the importance of supporting new nurses’ exposure to rural nursing experiences, reducing professional isolation and improving decision‐making support for those who are working at a greater distance from colleagues and/or those with fewer opportunities for interprofessional collaboration.
Evaluation of second trimester amniotic fluid ADAMTS4, ADAMTS5, interleukin‐6 and tumor necrosis factor‐α levels in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Melekoglu Rauf , Ciftci Osman , Celik Ebru , Yilmaz Ercan , Bastemur Ayse G. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimTo test the hypothesis that altered A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase Domains with Thrombospondins motifs (ADAMTS) is implicated in the etiopathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).MethodsAll pregnant women who underwent elective amniocentesis for karyotype analysis between January 1, 2016, and January 1, 2018, were included in this study. From this cohort, the study group consisting of 20 patients diagnosed with GDM was selected and compared against a control group consisting of 20 age‐ and body mass index (BMI)‐matched patients without GDM. ADAMTS4, ADAMTS5, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) levels were compared in the second trimester amniotic fluid of patients with GDM and normoglycemic pregnant women.ResultsNo significant differences were observed between GDM and control groups regarding age, BMI, gestational age at amniocentesis and indication for amniocentesis. Mean amniotic fluid ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5 levels were significantly increased in the GDM group compared with the control group (253.5 ± 18.7 pg/mL and 188.5 ± 21.3 pg/mL, P < 0.001; 192.9 ± 16.4 pg/mL and 154.8 ± 19.9 pg/mL, P = 0.021, respectively). Significant increases in IL‐6 and TNF‐α levels were also detected in the amniotic fluid of GDM patients relative to controls (136.2 ± 17.3 pg/mL and 98.3 ± 11.5 pg/mL, P < 0.001; 154.2 ± 12.5 pg/mL and 86.2 ± 10.8 pg/mL, P < 0.001, respectively).ConclusionThe data presented here suggest that increased levels of ADAMTS4, ADAMTS5, IL‐6 and TNF‐α may play an important role in the progression of GDM.
Comparison of the value of superficial mark guided localization and hook‐wire guided localization techniques for non‐palpable breast microcalcifications: A retrospective clinical research
Authors: Qiu Yi‐Ran , Qian Zhao‐Xia , Hu Guo‐Hua , Lian Shi‐Xian , Cao Ye , Xu Jing , Zhang Yong , Sun Tao‐Tao , Jiang Ying , Lu Wei‐Qi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimThe present study compares the effect and accuracy of the superficial mark guided localization (SGL) and hook‐wire guided localization (WGL) techniques for non‐palpable breast microcalcifications.MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted to compare SGL and WGL techniques. These techniques were performed on 51 patients with non‐palpable breast microcalcifications from January 2015 to May 2016.ResultsAmong these 51 patients, 25 (49.01%) patients were subjected to WGL and 26 patients (50.99%) were subjected to SGL. The SGL technique had a higher rate of malignant cancer detection (WGL = 12.0% and SGL = 23.0%). Furthermore, no significant differences were found with regard to average age, the rate of a second excision and the diameter of the excised tissue. Moreover, no complications were observed in the SGL group, while four (16.0%) patients in the WGL group experienced problems.ConclusionThe SGL technique is as accurate as the WGL technique. Furthermore, the procedure has advantages of being less expensive and causing less complications.
Zirconia Primers Improve the Shear Bond Strength of Dental Zirconia
Authors: Steiner René , Heiss‐Kisielewsky Irene , Schwarz Vincent , Schnabl Dagmar , Dumfahrt Herbert , Laimer Johannes , Steinmassl Otto , Steinmassl Patricia‐Anca 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPurposeVarious resin cements and priming agents are available for adhesive luting of zirconia restorations. The purpose of this study was to investigate how cement type and priming protocol affect the shear bond strength on zirconia ceramics.Materials and MethodsYttria‐stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline ceramic cylinders were bonded to flat zirconia ceramic surfaces using 7 commercially available resin cements. Ten specimens of each cement group were pretreated with a universal primer, and 10 specimens per group were bonded without pretreatment. In addition, 10 specimens per group were pretreated with system‐specific zirconia primers, which were available for 3 cements. Altogether, 170 bonded specimens were water‐stored, thermal‐cycled, and then submitted to shear bond strength tests. The shear bond strength and the fracture types were documented. Differences in shear bond strengths were assessed using 2‐way ANOVA with post‐hoc test (α = 0.05). A point‐biserial correlation was run between the fracture patterns and the shear bond strengths.ResultsThe mean shear bond strengths of cements in the unprimed group showed large variations between 2.52 ± 3.01 (mean ± SD) MPa and 33.15 ± 7.35 MPa. Pretreating the specimens with a universal primer improved the shear bond strengths significantly in all groups (p < 0.05) with a range of 21.80 ± 12.51 to 57.20 ± 11.40 MPa. The system‐specific primers also improved the shear bond strength significantly, compared to the unprimed group (p < 0.01); however, only one system‐specific primer achieved a shear bond strength superior to the universal primer (p < 0.01). There was also a statistical correlation between the fracture type and the shear bond strength (p < 0.0005), with cohesively fractured specimens showing higher shear bond strengths (37.24 ± 19.87 MPa) than adhesively fractured specimens (23.10 ± 17.65 MPa) (p < 0.001).ConclusionUsing universal primer can enhance the maximal shear bond strength of zirconia.
MicroRNA‐7 inhibits melatonin synthesis by acting as a linking molecule between leptin and norepinephrine signaling pathways in pig pineal gland
Authors: Qiu Jingtao , Zhang Jinglin , Zhou Yewen , Li Xin , Li Hongjiao , Liu Jiali , Gou Kemian , Zhao Jianguo , Cui Sheng 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMicroRNAs, including microRNA‐7 (miR‐7), are important modulators of numerous gene expressions and the related biological processes. Melatonin is a key hormone regulating daily and seasonal rhythms, in which a variety of positive and negative regulatory factors, such as norepinephrine (NE) and leptin, are involved. However, the interactions among these factors and the mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The aims of the present study were to identify the functions and the related mechanisms of miR‐7 in regulating melatonin synthesis and secretion through in vitro and in vivo experiments in pineal gland of pigs, which is an important animal model for agricultural and biomedical studies. Our results firstly show that miR‐7 is specifically expressed in porcine pinealocytes and negatively regulates melatonin synthesis. The further functional studies show that the dynamic expression levels of miR‐7 are contrary to the melatonin levels throughout the day, and the forced inhibition of endogenous miR‐7 in porcine pinealocytes sharply increases arylalkylamine N‐acetyltransferase (AANAT) expression by 80.0% (P = 0.0031) and melatonin levels by 81.0% (P = 0.0421), whereas miR‐7 over‐expression down‐regulates AANAT expression by 38.6% (P = 0.0004) and melatonin levels by 37.6% (P = 0.0212). In addition, the miR‐7 expression is up‐regulated by leptin through the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway, and the in vivo intracerebroventricular injection of leptin increases miR‐7 expression by 80.0% (P = 0.0044) in porcine pineal glands and reduces melatonin levels by 57.1% (P = 0.0060) compared with the controls. This functional inhibition of melatonin synthesis by miR‐7 is accomplished by its binding to the 3′‐UTR of Raf1. Further, our results demonstrate that the RAF1/MEK/ERK signaling pathway mediates NE‐induced AANAT expression, whereas leptin attenuates NE's function through miR‐7. Taken together, the results demonstrated that leptin activates the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway to increase the expression of miR‐7, which acts as a negative regulatory molecule inhibiting NE‐activated RAF1/MEK/ERK signaling pathway by targeting Raf1, resulting in decreased AANAT expression and melatonin synthesis. These findings suggest that miR‐7 is a novel negative regulator of melatonin synthesis and links leptin‐ and NE‐mediated signaling pathways in porcine pineal glands, which will contribute to our understanding in the establishment of the biological rhythms resulting from melatonin.
Ecological stasis in Spinicaudata (Crustacea, Branchiopoda)? Early Cretaceous clam shrimp of the Yixian Formation of north‐east China occupied a broader realized ecological niche than extant members of the group
Authors: Hethke Manja , Fürsich Franz T. , Jiang Baoyu , Wang Bo , Chellouche Patrick , Weeks Stephen C. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe palaeoecology of Spinicaudata, the dominant group of benthic invertebrates in many pre‐Cenozoic freshwater environments, remains poorly understood. In analogy with extant taxa, it has been oversimplified and often reduced to shallow, temporary environments characterized by few trophic levels, implying ecological stasis from the Devonian to the Recent. We excavated 43 horizons of the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation (Anjiagou and Hengdaozi beds) to evaluate whether spinicaudatan ecology can be simplified to such an extent. Sedimentological evidence suggests general perennial conditions during the excavated lake interval. Based on 33 226 specimen counts, we identified three arthropod‐dominated macrobenthic associations and two assemblages. Response curves indicate that the spinicaudatanEosestheria middendorfiiwas exceptionally tolerant to environmental gradients, followed, in decreasing order, by mayfly larvae, water boatmen and oligochaetes. Many spinicaudatan‐yielding layers represent death after reproductive senescence rather than mass‐mortality events. Spinicaudatan size varies significantly according to faunal association. A forward stepwise regression model suggests that growth responded to population density and diversity: lower densities and higher diversities triggered fast growth, and vice versa. The proposed strong density effect on carapace size has been corroborated by rearing experiments: as forE. middendorfii, natural log regression provided the best fit for the two extant speciesEulimnadia texanaandEocyzicus argillaquus. Hence,E. middendorfiiwas a tolerant and morphologically variable species adapted to perennial waters and the frequent presence of higher trophic levels. Although there are rare records of extant taxa co‐occurring with fish, the described Early Cretaceous environment is commonly not inhabited by extant Spinicaudata.
Pediatric heart transplantation from an influenza B–positive donor
Authors: Smith Clyde J. , McCulloch Michael A. , Shirley Debbie‐Ann , L’Ecuyer Thomas J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAs heart transplantation demand is increasing without subsequent growth of the donor pool, need for expansion of acceptance criteria is paramount, particularly when considering critically ill, highly sensitized patients. We present a case report of a pediatric heart transplant recipient of an organ refused by 197 prior potential recipients due to the donor being infected with influenza virus. We perform a literature review of recent solid organ transplant cases from influenza‐positive donors and conclude that the donor pool may be expandable by allowing donors with treatable infections to be included.
Exploring the Conceptual Foundation of Continuity Management in the Context of Societal Safety
Authors: Hassel Henrik , Cedergren Alexander 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPublic and private actors with critical roles for ensuring societal safety need to work proactively to reduce risks and vulnerabilities. Traditionally, risk management activities have often been performed in order to ensure continuous functioning of key societal services. Recently, however, business continuity management (BCM), and its analytical subcomponent business impact assessment (BIA), has been introduced and used more extensively by both the private and public sector in order to increase the robustness and resilience of critical infrastructures and societal functions and services. BCM was originally developed in the business sector but has received a broader use during the last decade. Yet, BCM/BIA has gained limited attention in the scientific literature—especially when it comes to clarifying and developing its conceptual basis. First, this article examines and discusses the conceptual foundation of BCM concepts, including practical challenges of applying the concepts. Based on recent conceptual developments from the field of risk management, a developed conceptualization is suggested. Second, the article discusses challenges that arise when applying BCM in the societal safety area and provides some recommendations aiming to improve the clarity and quality of applications. Third, the article provides suggestions of how to integrate the overlapping approaches of BIA and risk assessment in order to improve efficiency and effectiveness of proactive, analytic processes. We hope that the article can stimulate a critical discussion about the key concepts of BCM, their wider use in societal safety, and their connection to other concepts and activities such as risk assessment.
A comprehensive cardiovascular disease risk profile in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Brobakken Mathias Forsberg , Nygård Mona , Taylor Joshua Landen , Güzey Ismail Cüneyt , Morken Gunnar , Reitan Solveig Klæbo , Heggelund Jørn , Vedul‐Kjelsaas Einar , Wang Eivind 
Published: January 2019

Patients with schizophrenia are physically inactive and have high prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak) is one of the strongest predictors for CVD, yet is rarely investigated in this patient population, and how V̇O2peak relates to other conventional CVD risk measures in this population is unclear. We measured treadmill V̇O2peak along with daily physical activity assessed by triaxial accelerometry, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, lipid profiles, and glucose in 48 outpatients (28 men, 35 ± 10 (SD) years; 20 women, 35 ± 12 years), diagnosed with schizophrenia, schizotypal, or delusional disorders (ICD‐10; F20‐29). The patients were compared with 48 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy references (±2 years) and normative data from the population. V̇O2peak was 34.5 ± 8.7 mL/kg/min (men) and 26.4 ± 7.0 mL/kg/min (women), which was 27% and 30% lower than healthy references, respectively (both P < 0.01). V̇O2peak was not associated with daily physical activity in men while a weak association was seen in women (steps per day: r2 = 0.26; counts per minute: r2 = 0.25; P < 0.05). BMI (26.0 ± 6.1 kg/m2) revealed that patients were moderately overweight with a waist circumference of 103 ± 17 cm. Lipid‐ and glucose levels, and blood pressure were all within normative range. Our data advocate the utilization of V̇O2peak assessment for CVD risk profile determination in patients with schizophrenia. Daily physical activity was poorly and inconsistently related to V̇O2peak, suggesting increased daily physical activity might not translate into improved V̇O2peak and CVD risk reduction.
Learning to play chess: How to make sense of a politics of representation with people in poverty
Authors: Boone Katrien , Roets Griet , Roose Rudi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDespite the growing involvement of people in poverty in social policy, their participation does not necessarily take place on a par with policymakers, as the latter often do not really embrace their demands for social justice. It is, therefore, argued that social work has a role to play in the process of merging knowledge of people in poverty with that of policymakers and other stakeholders by representing their perspectives in public debate.By drawing on an in‐depth qualitative research of five “Associations where People in Poverty Raise their Voice” (Belgium), the complexity of the direct participation of people in poverty in such a politics of representation is analyzed, as well as the different roles social work practitioners can take on in dealing with this complexity. Here, two roles are distinguished: “a guardian of collective and transformative elements”; and “a strategical chess player.” We conclude that practitioners need to reflect critically on participatory premises and practices and consider whether these strategies actually contribute to societal change. However, the ideal of parity of participation entails that such strategic considerations should always be collaboratively discussed with people in poverty.
Accurate depth estimation of skin surface using a light‐field camera toward dynamic haptic palpation
Authors: Ko Myeongseob , Kim Donghyun , Kim Kwangtaek 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundHaptic skin palpation with three‐dimensional skin surface reconstruction from in vivo skin images in order to acquire both tactile and visual information has been receiving much attention. However, the depth estimation of skin surface, using a light field camera that creates multiple images with a micro‐lens array, is a difficult problem due to low‐resolution images resulting in erroneous disparity matching.MethodsMultiple low‐resolution images decoded from a light field camera have limitations to accurate 3D surface reconstruction needed for haptic palpation. To overcome this, a deep learning method, Generative Adversarial Networks, was employed to generate super‐resolved skin images that preserve surface detail without blurring, and then, accurate skin depth was estimated by taking multiple subsequent steps including lens distortion correction, sub‐pixel shifted image generation using phase shift theorem, cost‐volume building, multi‐label optimization, and hole filling and refinement, which is a new approach for 3D skin surface reconstruction.ResultsExperimental results of the deep‐learning‐based super‐resolution method demonstrated that the textural detail (wrinkles) of super‐resolved skin images is well preserved, unlike other super‐resolution methods. In addition, the depth maps computed with our proposed algorithm verify that our method can produce more accurate and robust results compared to other state‐of‐the‐art depth map computation methods.ConclusionHerein, we first proposed depth map estimation of skin surfaces using a light field camera and subsequently tested it with several skin images. The experimental results established the superiority of the proposed scheme.
Effectiveness of financial incentives for long-acting injectable antipsychotic adherence in patients with psychotic and bipolar disorders: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Dennis Raghib , Christian Robin , Palokas Michelle 
Published: January 2019

Review question:
The question of this review is: what is the effectiveness of financial compensation for receiving a dose of long-acting injectable antipsychotic medication on the rate of medication adherence in adult patients with psychotic and bipolar disorders in an outpatient/community setting?