bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sedative and cardiorespiratory effects of low doses of xylazine with and without acepromazine in Nordestino donkeys
Authors: Lucas Castillo J. A. , Gozalo‐Marcilla M. , Werneck Fonseca M. , Possebon F. S. , da Rosa A. C. , de Araujo Aguiar A. J. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryBackgroundInformation on appropriate protocols for sedation of Nordestino donkeys is scarce.ObjectivesTo evaluate the sedative and cardiorespiratory effects of low doses of intravenous (i.v.) xylazine with and without acepromazine in ‘Nordestino’ donkeys.Study designSeven healthy female Nordestino donkeys (150 ± 18 kg) were included in this blinded, randomised, crossover experiment.MethodsFour treatments were administered, consisting of two i.v. injections, at baseline (T0, 1st injection) and 15 min later (T15, 2nd injection). Treatments included acepromazine 0.05 mg/kg bwt + saline (AS), saline + xylazine 0.5 mg/kg bwt (SX0.5), acepromazine + xylazine 0.25 mg/kg bwt (AX0.25) or acepromazine + xylazine 0.5 mg/kg bwt (AX0.5). Sedative and cardiorespiratory parameters were evaluated before T0 and 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 min after treatment. Degree [height of head above ground (HHAG)] and quality of sedation [ataxia, responses to stimuli and visual analogue scale (VAS) scoring] and respiratory rate were evaluated by the main investigator in situ, and heart rate was measured by an assistant investigator. Three experienced evaluators assessed vídeos for ataxia and responses to stimuli. Normal data were analysed by repeated measures ANOVA, and non‐normal by Kruskal–Wallis (P<0.05).ResultsHHAG was lower than baseline for 15 min after xylazine administration in AX0.25 and for 30 min in SX0.5 and AX0.5 groups. All treatments with xylazine increased VAS and ataxia scores in situ for 15 min after xylazine administration, with no differences between groups. Ataxia scores in situ were higher in SX0.5 and AX0.5 groups than AS for 15 and 30 min after xylazine administration, respectively.Main limitationsAbsence of a negative control group (saline‐saline).ConclusionAcepromazine added to xylazine at 0.25 mg/kg bwt produced briefer and milder sedation than xylazine at 0.5 mg/kg bwt.
Pre‐Viking Swedish hillfort glass: A prospective long‐term alteration analogue for vitrified nuclear waste
Authors: Weaver Jamie L. , Pearce Carolyn I. , Sjöblom Rolf , McCloy John S. , Miller Micah , Varga Tamas , Arey Bruce W. , Conroy Michele A. , Peeler David K. , Koestler Robert J. , DePriest Paula T. , Vicenzi Edward P. , Hjärthner‐Holdar Eva , Ogenhall Erik , Kruger Albert A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractModels for long‐term glass alteration are required to satisfy performance predictions of vitrified nuclear waste in various disposal scenarios. Durability parameters are usually extracted from short‐term laboratory tests, and sometimes checked with long‐term natural experiments on glasses, termed analogues. In this paper, a unique potential ancient glass analogue from Sweden is discussed. The hillfort glass found at Broborg represents a unique case study as a vitrified waste glass analogue to compare to Low Activity Waste glass to be emplaced in near surface conditions at Hanford (USA). Glasses at Broborg have similar and dissimilar compositions to LAW glasses, allowing the testing of long‐term alteration of different glass chemistries. In addition, the environmental history of the site is reasonably well documented. Initial investigations on previously collected samples established methodologies for handling and characterizing these artifacts by laboratory methods while preserving their alteration layers and cultural context. Evidence of possible biologically influenced glass alteration, and differential alteration in the 2 types of glass found at the Broborg site is presented.
Left ventricular remodelling and vascular adaptive changes in adolescents with obesity
Authors: Kulkarni A. , Gulesserian T. , Lorenzo J. M. M. D. , Haroonian Y. , Ngyuyen M. , Lo Y. , Wang D. , Hsu D. , Kaskel F. , Mahgerefteh J. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryBackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine the effects of obesity on myocardial mechanics and ventriculo‐arterial coupling (V‐A) in children.MethodsStrain parameters, stroke volume, arterial elastance, left ventricular (LV) elastance and V‐A were compared after adjusting for age and hypertension and after multivariate sub‐group analysis between patients with and without obesity.ResultsAmong 123 retrospectively enrolled subjects, 6–21 years age, 79.7% males, 52% were obese. Median (range) Body Mass Index Z score was +2.35 (1.67–4.43) for obese and +0.68 (−2.48–1.63) for non‐obese. Subjects with obesity had higher LV mass indexed2.7 (LVMI2.7) compared with non‐obese (P < 0.001). Lower global longitudinal strain (GLS) (P = 0.012), global circumferential strain (GCS) (P = 0.004), average longitudinal strain rate (P = 0.002) and average circumferential strain rate (P < 0.001) were seen in subjects with obesity; no difference was noted in arterial elastance, LV end systolic elastance and V‐A. Increased LVMI2.7, decreased GLS, GCS, average longitudinal strain rate, average circumferential strain rate and maintained V‐A were noted in the multivariate analysis between subgroups.ConclusionsObesity causes alterations in myocardial mechanics with preserved V‐A in children. These findings may aid intervention in preventing the long‐term cadiovascular effects of obesity.
Migrant Workers and the Right to Family Accompaniment: A Case for Family Rights in International Law and in Canada
Authors: Nakache Delphine 
Published: March 2018

AbstractInternational human rights instruments provide for protection of the family as the fundamental unit of society. However, a consequent right to family accompaniment, which can be defined as the right of migrants to bring their family members to the destination state, is not sanctioned and continues to be resisted. This article reviews the international and regional legal framework regarding migrants’ family rights. Using Canada as a case study, it explains why labor migration, as currently developing in the country, requires Canada to implement appropriate family accompaniment policies for migrant workers. One key argument is that is in the interest of Canada, as of every state of destination, to facilitate ‐ rather than hinder ‐ migrant workers’ family unity.
Ambulatory blood pressure in relation to oxygen desaturation index as simultaneously assessed by nighttime finger pulse oximetry at home
Authors: Chen Qi , Cheng Yi‐Bang , Liu Chang‐Yuan , Guo Qian‐Hui , Xu Shao‐Kun , Huang Qi‐Fang , Sheng Chang‐Sheng , Shen Meng , Zhu Ya‐Jing , Li Yan , Wang Ji‐Guang 
Published: March 2018

We investigated the relationship between ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and oxygen desaturation index (ODI), while accounting for pulse rate and age. ODI was assessed by overnight finger pulse oximetry in 2342 participants on the day of ambulatory BP monitoring, and calculated as the number of desaturation episodes per sleeping hour. Both BP and pulse rate increased significantly (P ≤ .006) from normal (< 5 events/h) to mildly (5‐14), moderately (15‐30), and severely (≥ 30 events/h) elevated ODI. The association for BP was substantially attenuated by accounting for pulse rate (partial r² from .003‐.012 to .002‐.006). In adjusted analysis, the associations of 24‐hour diastolic BP and 24‐hour pulse rate with ODI were dependent on age (P ≤ .0001) and only significant in younger subjects (< 60 years, P ≤ .0001). In conclusion, the association between ambulatory BP and ODI was partially mediated by pulse rate, a measure of sympathetic activity, and was more prominent in younger subjects.
A novel functional polymorphism of GSTM3 reduces clear cell renal cell carcinoma risk through enhancing its expression by interfering miR‐556 binding
Authors: Wang Ying , Yang Zi‐Ying , Chen Yi‐Huan , Li Feng , Shen Han , Yu You , Huang Hao‐Yue , Shen Zhen‐Ya 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDysregulation of glutathione‐S‐transferase M3 (GSTM3) has been related to clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) in our former study. GSTM3 plays a pivotal role of detoxification and clearance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tumour tissues. This study aimed to examine: (1) the associations between GSTM3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and risk of ccRCC, and (2) the potential molecular mechanism accounting for its effects. 5 SNPs in 3′UTR of GSTM3 were initially genotyped in 329 cases and 420 healthy controls. A SNP‐rs1055259 was found to be significantly associated with the susceptibility of ccRCC (OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.41‐0.92; P = .019). The minor allele of rs1055259 (G allele) was associated with RCC risk. This SNP was predicted to affect microRNA (miR)‐556 binding to 3′UTR of GSTM3 mRNA. To determine the functional impact, plasmid constructs carrying different alleles of rs1055259 were created. Compared to rs1055259 A‐allele constructs, cells transfected with rs1055259 G‐allele construct had higher transcriptional activity and were less responsive to miR‐556 changes and gene expression. Elevated GSTM3 expression in G‐allele cells was associated with ROS activity and ccRCC development. Taken together, this study indicated that a functional polymorphism of GSTM3 ‐rs1055259 reduced susceptibility of RCC in the Chinese population. It influenced GSTM3 protein synthesis by interfering miR‐556 binding, subsequently suppressed ROS activity and ccRCC progression.
Maternal factors and preoperative nutrition in children with mild cases of congenital heart disease
Authors: Qin Chunxiang , Li Ying , Wang Dianjun , Shi Zeya , Yao Rui , Wang Dan , Tang Siyuan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimThe preoperative poor nutrition of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) impacts the postoperative rehabilitation process of pediatric CHD cases. The factors of these children's preoperative poor nutrition, excluding the disease, have been underreported. The aim was to investigate the preoperative nutritional status of children with CHD who required a simple surgical repair and to analyze the maternal characteristics that are associated with poor nutrition in these sick children.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional survey. The weight and height of the children were measured, maternal data were collected via a questionnaire and a univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the association between maternal factors and the preoperative poor nutrition of the children with CHD.ResultsA total of 119 children with simple CHD were recruited to the study. The prevalence of poor nutrition was higher in the children with CHD (“cases”) than in the healthy children (“controls”). An increased risk of poor nutrition was associated with lower mothers’ perception, education level, understanding of the disease, and higher anxiety.ConclusionsPaying attention to maternal anxiety, depression, and knowledge and providing interventions for the mothers of children with CHD are important in order to promote the nutritional status of these children.
Deep komatiite signature in cratonic mantle pyroxenite
Authors: Spengler Dirk , van Roermund Herman L.M. , Drury Martyn R. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe present new and compiled whole‐rock modal mineral, major and trace element data from extremely melt depleted but pyroxenite and garnet(‐ite)‐bearing Palaeoarchean East Greenland cratonic mantle, exposed as three isolated, tectonically strained orogenic peridotite bodies (Ugelvik, Raudhaugene and Midsundvatnet) in western Norway. The studied lithologies comprise besides spinel‐ and/or garnet‐bearing peridotite (dunite, harzburgite, lherzolite) garnet‐clinopyroxenite and partially olivine‐bearing garnet‐orthopyroxenite and ‐websterite. Chemical and modal data and spatial relationships between different rock types suggest deformation to have triggered mechanical mixing of garnet‐free dunite with garnet‐bearing enclosures that formed garnet‐peridotite. Inclusions of olivine in porphyroclastic minerals of pyroxenite show a primary origin of olivine in olivine‐bearing variants. Major element oxide abundances and ratios of websterite differ to those in rocks expected to form by reaction of peridotite with basaltic melts or silica‐rich fluids, but resemble those of Archean Al‐enriched komatiite (AEK) flows from Barberton and Commondale greenstone belts, South Africa. Websterite GdN/YbN, 0.49–0.65 (olivine‐free) and 0.73–0.85 (olivine‐bearing), overlaps that of two subgroups of AEK, GdN/YbN 0.25–0.55 and 0.77–0.90, with each of them being nearly indistinguishable from one another in not only rare earth element fractionation but also concentration. Websterite MgO content is high, 22.7–29.0 wt%, and Zr/Y is very low, 0.1–1.0. The other, non‐websteritic pyroxenites overlap—when mechanically mixed together with garnetite—in chemistry with that of AEK. It follows an origin of websterite and likely all pyroxenite that involves melting of a garnet‐bearing depleted mantle source. Pyroxene exsolution lamellae in the inferred solidus garnet in all lithological varieties require the pyroxenites to have crystallized in the majorite garnet stability field, at 3–4 GPa (90–120 km depth) at minimum 1,600°C. Consequently, we interpret the websterites to represent the first recognized deep plutonic crystallization products that formed from komatiite melts. The other pyroxenitic rocks are likely fragments of such crystallization products. An implication is that a mantle plume environment contributed to the formation of (one of) the worldwide oldest lithospheric mantle underneath the eastern Rae craton.
Peripheral giant cell granuloma: An updated analysis of 2824 cases reported in the literature
Authors: Chrcanovic Bruno Ramos , Gomes Carolina Cavalieri , Gomez Ricardo Santiago 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveTo integrate the available data published on peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) into a comprehensive analysis of its clinical/radiological features.Materials and MethodsAn electronic search was undertaken in January 2018 in 5 databases, looking for publications reporting cases of PGCGs. Probability of recurrence was calculated for some variables.ResultsA total of 165 publications were included, 2824 lesions identified. PGCGs were slightly more prevalent in women and more prevalent in mandibles, usually asymptomatic, and presenting erosion of the subjacent bone in almost one‐third of cases. Additional curettage (2.8%) or peripheral osteotomy (0%) after excision presented lower recurrence rates in comparison with excision alone (16%). Excision followed by curettage decreases the probability of recurrence by 85% in comparison with excision alone. Other factors (age, lesion size, follow‐up, gender, location, clinical symptoms, bone erosion) seem to do not influence the probability of recurrence.ConclusionsAs surgical excision alone shows a considerable recurrence rate, excision followed by an additional therapy—curettage or peripheral osteotomy—should be the first choice of treatment of PGCG.
Abundance estimates of six species of Delphinidae cetaceans off the Pacific coast of Japan between 1985 and 2015
Authors: Kanaji Yu , Miyashita Tomio , Minamikawa Shingo , Yoshida Hideyoshi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe abundances of six delphinids off the Pacific coast of Japan were estimated using line transect survey data collected in 1985, 1992, 2006, 2007, 2014, and 2015. A multiple covariate distance sampling method was used to estimate a detection function. Because of unsurveyed blocks in 2006, 2007, and 2015, total abundance was estimated only in 1985, 1992, and 2014, when the estimated abundances were for the 3 yr respectively 3,626 (coefficient of variation = 0.74), 2,085 (0.85), and 5,029 (1.24) for rough‐toothed dolphins; 72,762 (0.48), 37,513 (0.54), and 44,529 (0.57) for common bottlenose dolphins; 59,727 (0.46), 60,014 (0.62), and 130,718 (0.43), for pantropical spotted dolphins; 71,983 (0.36), 6,972 (1.03), and 144,163 (0.69) for Risso's dolphins; 38,966 (0.41), 20,507 (0.57), and 31,569 (0.65) for short‐finned pilot whales; and 8,135 (1.23), 5,051 (1.70), and 56,522 (0.56) for melon‐headed whales. To deal with measurement error due to distance and angle, we additionally estimated error‐corrected abundance using data from distance and angle experiments. These new abundance estimates and time series will update 20‐yr‐old estimates and provide a baseline to facilitate dolphin conservation and management around Japan.
Antigen I/II mediates interactions between Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans
Authors: Yang C. , Scoffield J. , Wu R. , Deivanayagam C. , Zou J. , Wu H. 
Published: March 2018

Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans are frequently co‐isolated from dental plaque of children with early childhood caries (ECC) and are only rarely found in children without ECC, suggesting that these species interact in a manner that contributes to the pathogenesis of ECC. Previous studies have demonstrated that glucans produced by S. mutans are crucial for promoting the formation of biofilm and cariogenicity with C. albicans; however, it is unclear how non‐glucan S. mutans biofilm factors contribute to increased biofilm formation in the presence of C. albicans. In this study we examined the role of S. mutans antigen I/II in two‐species biofilms with C. albicans, and determined that antigen I/II is important for the incorporation of C. albicans into the two‐species biofilm and is also required for increased acid production. The interaction is independent of the proteins Als1 and Als3, which are known streptococcal receptors of C. albicans. Moreover, antigen I/II is required for the colonization of both S. mutans and C. albicans during co‐infection of Drosophila melanogaster in vivo. Taken together, these results demonstrate that antigen I/II mediates the increase of C. albicans numbers and acid production in the two‐species biofilm, representing new activities associated with this known S. mutans adhesin.
Spatial Vulnerability of Network Systems under Spatially Local Hazards
Authors: Hu Xiao‐Bing , Li Hang , Guo XiaoMei , van Gelder Pieter H. A. J. M. , Shi Peijun 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA hazard is often spatially local in a network system, but its impact can spread out through network topology and become global. To qualitatively and quantitatively assess the impact of spatially local hazards on network systems, this article develops a new spatial vulnerability model by taking into account hazard location, area covered by hazard, and impact of hazard (including direct impact and indirect impact), and proposes an absolute spatial vulnerability index (ASVI) and a relative spatial vulnerability index (RSVI). The relationship between the new model and some relevant traditional network properties is also analyzed. A case study on the spatial vulnerability of the Chinese civil aviation network system is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the model, and another case study on the Beijing subway network system to verify its relationship with traditional network properties.
Controls on tidal sedimentation and preservation: Insights from numerical tidal modelling in the Late Oligocene–Miocene South China Sea, Southeast Asia
Authors: Collins Daniel S. , Avdis Alexandros , Allison Peter A. , Johnson Howard D. , Hill Jon , Piggott Matthew D. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractNumerical tidal modelling, when integrated with other geological datasets, can significantly inform the analysis of physical sedimentation processes and the depositional and preservational record of ancient tide‐influenced shoreline–shelf systems. This is illustrated in the Oligo–Miocene of the South China Sea, which experienced significant changes in basin physiography and where tide‐influenced, shoreline–shelf deposition is preserved in ca 10 sub‐basins. Palaeogeographic reconstructions, palaeotidal modelling and regional sedimentary facies analysis have been integrated in order to evaluate the spatial–temporal evolution and physiographic controls on tidal sedimentation and preservation during the ca 25 Myr Oligo–Miocene record in the South China Sea. Palaeotidal modelling, using an astronomically‐forced and global tidal model (Fluidity) at a maximum 10 km resolution, indicates that spring tides along Late Oligocene to Middle Miocene coastlines were predominantly mesotidal–macrotidal and capable of transporting sand, which reflects two main conditions: (i) increased tidal inflow through wider ocean connections to the Pacific Ocean; and (ii) tidal amplification resulting from constriction of the tidal wave in a ‘blind gulf’ type of basin morphology. Since the Middle to Late Miocene, a reduction in the amplitude and strength of tides in the South China Sea was mainly due to diminishing tidal inflow from the Pacific Ocean caused by the northward movement of the Philippines and Izu–Bonin–Mariana arc. Sensitivity tests to palaeogeographic and palaeobathymetric uncertainty indicate that regional‐scale (hundreds to thousands of kilometres) palaeogeographic changes influencing tidal inflow versus outflow can override local‐scale (one to hundreds of kilometres) changes to tidal resonance and convergence effects (funnelling and shoaling), such as shelf width and shoreline geometry. Palaeotidal model results compare favourably to the distribution and sedimentary fabric of Oligo–Miocene, tide‐influenced, shoreline–shelf successions in peripheral South China Sea basins. However, the preservation potential of tidal deposits is lower in open coastline environments, probably due to enhanced reworking during storms and river floods.
JRE4 is a master transcriptional regulator of defense‐related steroidal glycoalkaloids in tomato
Authors: Nakayasu Masaru , Shioya Naoki , Shikata Masahito , Thagun Chonprakun , Abdelkareem Ayman , Okabe Yoshihiro , Ariizumi Tohru , Arimura Gen‐ichiro , Mizutani Masaharu , Ezura Hiroshi , Hashimoto Takashi , Shoji Tsubasa 
Published: March 2018

SummarySteroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) are specialized anti‐nutritional metabolites that accumulate in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) and Solanum tuberosum (potato). A series of SGA biosynthetic genes is known to be upregulated in Solanaceae species by jasmonate‐responsive Ethylene Response Factor transcription factors, including JRE4 (otherwise known as GAME9), but the exact regulatory significance in planta of each factor has remained unaddressed. Here, via TILLING‐based screening of an EMS‐mutagenized tomato population, we isolated a JRE4 loss‐of‐function line that carries an amino acid residue missense change in a region of the protein important for DNA binding. In this jre4 mutant, we observed downregulated expression of SGA biosynthetic genes and decreased SGA accumulation. Moreover, JRE4 overexpression stimulated SGA production. Further characterization of jre4 plants revealed their increased susceptibility to the generalist herbivore Spodoptera litura larvae. This susceptibility illustrates that herbivory resistance is dependent on JRE4‐mediated defense responses, which include SGA accumulation. Ethylene treatment attenuated the jasmonate‐mediated JRE4 expression induction and downstream SGA biosynthesis in tomato leaves and hairy roots. Overall, this study indicated that JRE4 functions as a primary master regulator of SGA biosynthesis, and thereby contributes toward plant defense against chewing insects.