bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Feasibility of Neuroimaging Methods in Marketing Research
Authors: Lee Nick , Senior Carl , Butler Michael , Fuchs Ricardo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOn July 17, 1990, President George Bush issued “Proclamation 6158” which boldly declared the following ten years would be called the “Decade of the Brain” (Bush, 1990). Accordingly, the research mandates of all US federal biomedical institutions worldwide were redirected towards the study of the brain in general and cognitive neuroscience specifically. In 2008, one of the greatest legacies of this “Decade of the Brain” is the impressive array of techniques that can be used to study cortical activity. We now stand at a juncture where cognitive function can be mapped in the time, space and frequency domains, as and when such activity occurs. These advanced techniques have led to discoveries in many fields of research and clinical science, including psychology and psychiatry. Unfortunately, neuroscientific techniques have yet to be enthusiastically adopted by the social sciences. Market researchers, as specialized social scientists, have an unparalleled opportunity to adopt cognitive neuroscientific techniques and significantly redefine the field and possibly even cause substantial dislocations in business models. Following from this is a significant opportunity for more commercially-oriented researchers to employ such techniques in their own offerings. This report examines the feasibility of these techniques.
Intestinal Electric Stimulation Accelerates Whole Gut Transit and Promotes Fat Excrement in Conscious Rats
Authors: Sun Ying , Chen Jiande 
Published: July 2019

Abstract*Introduction:* Intestinal electric stimulation (IES) is proposed as a potential tool for the treatment of morbid obesity. Our previous study showed that IES with one pair of electrodes accelerated intestinal transit and decreased fat absorption in a segment of the jejunum in the anesthetized rats. The aims of this study were to assess the effects of IES on the whole gut transit and fat absorption in conscious rats, to examine the effects of multi-channel IES, and to explore the cholinergic mechanism behind the effects of IES. *Methods:* Thirty-eight male rats implanted with serosal electrodes were randomized into five groups: control without IES, 2/3 channel IES with short pulses, atropine and atropine plus IES. The whole gut transit and fat remained and emptied from the gut were analyzed after continuous 2-hour IES.
*Results:*
Two and three channel IES significantly accelerated phenol red (marker used for transit) excretion (ANOVA, P < 0.001). No significant difference was found between two and three channel IES. Two channel IES significantly increased the excretion of fat (P < 0.05). Atropine significantly blocked the accelerated transit induced by IES (ANOVA, P < 0.001). Correlation was found between the percentage of phenol red and fat retained in the whole gut (r = 0.497, P < 0.01).

*Conclusions:*
IES accelerates whole gut transit and promotes fat excrement in conscious rats, and these effects are mediated through the cholinergic nerves. These findings are in support of the concept that IES may be a promising treatment option for obesity.
The maximum sustainable yield leads to extinction of species in most single and multispecies fisheries
Authors: Legović Tarzan , Klanjšček Jasminka , Geček Sunčana 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Commission of the European Communities passed a resolution in 2006 to implement sustainability in EU fisheries through application of the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) based policy. It is shown here that attempts to reach MSY will lead towards extinction of species for every fishery that includes fishing of at least one trophic level which is directly or indirectly used as food for a higher trophic level. Because this condition is met by most single and multispecies fisheries, attempts to reach MSY should be discouraged instead of being legally prescribed as a goal. Based upon above result advice is given on how to manage a fishery which will not drive species to extinction.
Stress impairs decision-making in rats
Authors: Jones Lauren , Yoon Taejib , Kim Jeansok 
Published: July 2019

AbstractStress influences various types of memory, but its effects on other cognitive functions are relatively unknown. We investigated the effects of uncontrollable stress on subsequent decision-making in rats, using a computer vision-based water foraging choice task. Stress impaired the animals' ability to bias their responses toward the larger reward when transitioning from equal to unequal quantities, and this stress effect was dependent on the amygdala.
Molecular phylogenies and evolutionary behavior of AhR (aryl hydrocarbon receptor) pathway genes in aquatic animals
Authors: Zhou Hailong , Qu Ying , Xue Qinzhao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPhylogenetic analysis of AhR pathway genes and their evolutionary rate variations were studied on aquatic animals. The gene sequences for the proteins involved in this pathway were obtained from major phylogenetic groups of mollusc, amphibian, fish and aquatic mammal. These genes were distributed under four major steps of toxicology regulation: formation of cytosolic complex, translocation of AhR, heterodimerization of AhR and induction of CYP1A. The NJ, MP and ML algorithm were used on protein coding DNA sequences to deduce the evolutionary relationship for the respective AhR pathway gene among different aquatic animals. The rate of nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions per nonsynonymous site (d~N~) and synonymous nucleotide substitutions per synonymous site (d~S~) were calculated for different clade of the respective phylogenetic tree for each AhR pathway gene. The phylogenetic analysis suggests that evolutionary pattern of AhR pathway genes in aquatic animals is characterized mainly by gene duplication events. The d~N~ values indicate that AhR pathway genes are well conserved in aquatic animals, except for CYP1A gene. Furthermore, the d~N~ value indicates that AhR pathway genes are less conserved in fish than in any other aquatic animals, and they likely go through an adaptive evolution within aquatic animals.
ADME/Tox WEB in silico predictions of longer chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid pKa values are more accurate than other computational methods
Authors: Rayne Sierra , Forest Kaya 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPerfluoroalkyl carboxylates are contaminants whose environmental fate and toxicological effects are of broad interest within the academic, industrial, and governmental science and regulatory communities. In addition, coupled perfluoroalkyl and carboxylate moieties are often used in medicinal chemistry as part of the drug design process. However, to date there has been a notable absence of reliable acidity constant estimation programs for these compounds. Here we report that the ADME/Tox WEB method for in silico pKa value predictions is more accurate than the PM6, SPARC, and COSMOtherm methods for the longer chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids, suggesting this may be a good general acidity constant estimation approach for these compounds.
Dissociation of Alzheimer's morphological pathology from cognitive impairment
Authors: Hasegawa Tohru , Mikoda Nobuyuki 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe observed the Alzheimer's morphological pathology, amyloid production induces Alzheimer's cognitive impairment, was dissociated from the cognitive impairment. The earlier Alzheimer's pathological changes can be induced in normal C57BL mice, by B6 deficient feeding 4 months with no amyloid, and this cognitive and memory impairments were completely inhibited by anti-homocysteic acid antibody. According to Koch's postulate, if a pathogen of Alzheimer's disease is administrated to the normal animal, we would observe the Alzheimer's cognitive impairment in the normal animal. We actually have observed this cognitive impairment in normal C57BL male mice with no amyloid. From our observations, it is suggested the dissociation of Alzheimer's morphological pathology may be possible from the cognitive impairment.
Congener specific organic carbon normalized soil and sediment-water partitioning coefficients for the C1 through C8 perfluorinated alkylsulfonic and alkylcarboxylic acids
Authors: Rayne Sierra , Forest Kaya 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOrganic carbon normalized soil and sediment-water partitioning (Koc) coefficients were estimated for all C1 through C8 perfluorinated alkylsulfonic acid (PFSA) and alkylcarboxylic acids (PFCA) congeners. The limited experimental Koc dataset for the straight chain C7 through C10 PFCAs and C8 and C10 PFSAs was correlated to SPARC and ALOGPS computationally estimated octanol-water partitioning constants and used to predict Koc values for both branched and linear C1 through C8 isomers. All branched and linear congeners in this homologue range are expected to have Koc values>1, leading to their accumulation in organic matter on sediments and soils, retardation during ground and pore water flow, and the preferential association with dissolved organic matter in aquatic systems. Both increasing perfluoroalkyl chain length and linearity increase Koc values with substantial intra- and inter-homologue variation and interhomologue mixing. Variability in Koc values among the PFCA and PFSA congeners will likely lead to an enrichment of more linear and longer chain isomers in organic matter fractions, resulting in aqueous phases fractionated towards shorter chain branched congeners. The expected magnitude of fractionation will require inclusion in source apportionment models and risk assessments. A comparison of representative established quantitative structure property relationships for estimated Koc values from octanol-water partitioning constants suggests that equilibrium partitioning frameworks may be applicable towards modeling PFCA and PFSA environmental fate processes and warrants further study using other partitioning coefficients for which suitable experimental data is available.
Adherence to cancer screenings: Is the telephone survey a good method of investigation?
Authors: Cucchi Alessandro , Bergamini Mauro 
Published: July 2019

Abstract*INTRODUCTION* - In order to define subjective variables, the methodology on the assessment of the women participation to screening programs to prevent cervical cancer is presented.
*MATERIALS AND METHODS*
- The study was conducted using a structured questionnaire administered by telephone to a sample of women invited to screening, regardless of their real participation to the Pap test. The phone calls were made within 2 days prior to the Pap test session. The questionnaire contained 12 closed questions.	*RESULTS* - We contacted a total of 1206 women: a total of 1100 women (93.70%) received the invitation letter and answered to the questionnaire.

*CONCLUSIONS*
- The chosen procedure obtained a high percentage of women who agreed to be interviewed.
Reward sharpens orientation coding independently on attention
Authors: Baldassi Stefano , Simoncini Claudio 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRewarding improves performance. Is it due to modulations of the output modules of the neural systems or are there mechanisms favoring more 'generous' inputs? Some recent study included V1 in the the circuitry of reward-based modulations, but the effects of reward can easily be confused with effects of attention. Here we address this issue with a psychophysical dual task to control attention while orientation sensitivity on targets associated to different levels of reward is measured. We found that different reward rates improve orientation discrimination and sharpen the internal response distributions. Data are unaffected by changing attentional load nor by dissociating the feature of the reward cue from the feature relevant for the task. This suggests that reward may act independently on attention by modulating the activity of early sensory stages, perhaps V1, through a SNR improvement of task-relevant channels. Reward acts like attention, but using separate channels.
An artificial spiking synapse made of molecules and nanoparticles
Authors: Alibart Fabien , Pleutin Stephane , Guerin David , Gamrat Christian , Vuillaume Dominique 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMolecule-based devices are envisioned to complement silicon devices by providing new functions or already existing functions at a simpler process level and at a lower cost by virtue of their self-organization capabilities, moreover, they are not bound to von Neuman architecture and this may open the way to other architectural paradigms. Here we demonstrate a device made of conjugated molecules and metal nanoparticles (NPs) which behaves as a spiking synapse suitable for integration in neural network architectures. We demonstrate that this device exhibits the main behavior of a biological synapse. These results open the way to rate coding utilization of the NOMFET in perceptron and Hopfield networks. We can also envision the NOMFET as a building block of neuroelectronics for interfacing neurons or neuronal logic devices made from patterned neuronal cultures with solid-state devices and circuits.
Signaling via Alk5 Controls Ontogeny of Lung Clara Cells
Authors: Xing Yiming , Li Changgong , Li Aimin , Sridurongrit Somyoth , Tiozzo Caterina , Bellusci Saverio , Borok Zea , Kaartinen Vesa , Minoo Parviz 
Published: July 2019

AbstractClara cells, together with ciliated and pulmonary neuroendocrine cells, make up the epithelium of the bronchioles along the conducting airways. Clara cells are also known as Progenitor/Stem cells during lung regeneration after injury. The mechanisms of Clara cell differentiation are largely unknown. Transforming growth factor-beta is a multifunctional molecule with roles in normal development and disease pathogenesis. In this study, we deleted the TGF-&x03B2; type I receptor, Alk5 in the embryonic lung epithelium using Gata5-Cre mice. Absence of Alk5 blocked Clara cell differentiation but had no effect on ciliated or pulmonary neuroendocrine cells. Hairy/Enhancer of Split-1, which is expressed in Clara cell putative &quot;progenitors&quot; was found to be a downstream target of Alk5 in vivo and in vitro. Loss of Alk5-mediated signaling also stimulated Pten gene expression and inhibited ERK phosphorylation in vivo. Using lung epithelial cells, we show that Alk5-regulated Hes1 expression is stimulated through Pten, MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways. Thus, the signaling pathway by which TGF-&x03B2;/ALK5 regulates Clara cell differentiation may entail inhibition of Pten expression, which in turn activates ERK and AKT phosphorylation.
Over-Imitation in the Kalahari Desert and the Origins of Human Cultural Cognition
Authors: Nielsen Mark , Tomaselli Keyan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractChildren grow up in environments saturated with tools and objects which they must learn to use. One of the most efficient ways in which children do this is by imitating. Recent work has shown that, in contrast to non-human primates, when young children learn by imitating they focus more on reproducing the specific actions used than the actual outcomes achieved. From about 18 months of age children will routinely copy arbitrary and unnecessary actions. This puzzling behaviour is called &apos;over-imitation&apos;. By documenting similarities exhibited by children from a large, industrialised city and children from remote Bushman communities in southern Africa, we provide here the first indication that over-imitation is a universal human trait. We also show that over-imitation is unaffected by the age of the child, testing environment, or familiarity of the demonstrating adult. Furthermore we argue that, although seemingly maladaptive, over-imitation reflects an evolutionary adaptation fundamental to the development and transmission of human culture.
Visualization of the Phosphoproteomic Data from AfCS with the Google Motion Chart Gadget
Authors: Xu Huilei , Ma'ayan Avi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractResults from multivariate molecular biological experiments become increasingly complex. Hence, the challenge of projecting high-dimensional data onto few dimensions for effective data visualization is becoming increasingly important in Systems Biology. Effective data visualization can summarize the activity of many variables over time as well as display relationships between variables. Dynamic interactive visualization tools can provide scientists with ways of visually identifying relationship and patterns, and improve communication of results on the web and in presentations. For this, interactive systems with animation have great potential since they add dimensions to static images limited to two dimensions. Interactivity and animation is particularly useful for showing time-series trends in multi-dimensional data. The Flash-based Motion Chart Google Gadget available through GoogleDocs is a recent advance in multi-dimensional data visualization. The Motion Chart Gadget is a component of the Trendalyzer software, which was developed for web-based animation of statistical results. Here we demonstrate the use of this Gadget to visualize molecular biological data, the phosphoproteomics results published on the Data Center of the Signaling Gateway web-site.
Parallel routes of human carcinoma development: Implications of the age-specific incidence data
Authors: Brody James 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe multi-stage hypothesis suggests that cancers develop through a single defined series of genetic alterations. This hypothesis was first suggested over 50 years ago based upon age-specific incidence data. However, recent molecular studies of tumors indicate that multiple routes exist to the formation of cancer, not a single route. This parallel route hypothesis has not been tested with age-specific incidence data.To test the parallel route hypothesis, I formulated it in terms of a mathematical equation, confirmed this equation with computer simulations, then tested whether this equation was consistent with age-specific incidence data compiled by the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) cancer registries since 1973. I used the chi-squared goodness of fit test to measure consistency.I found that the age-specific incidence data from most human carcinomas, including those of the colon, lung, prostate, and breast were consistent with the parallel route hypothesis. However, this hypothesis is only consistent if an immune sub-population exists, one that will never develop carcinoma. Furthermore, breast carcinoma has two distinct forms of the disease, and one of these occurs at significantly different rates in different racial groups.
Nanoscience and Nano-Technology: Cracking Prodigal Farming
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Siddhartha , Parshad Vir Rajinder , Gill Inderpreet 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNano-science coupled with nano-technology has emerged as possible cost-cutting measure to prodigal farming and environmental clean-up operations. It has ushered as a new interdisciplinary field by converging various science disciplines, and is highly relevant to agricultural and food systems. Environmental Protection Agency of USA defined nanotechnology as the understanding and control of matter at dimensions of roughly 1-100 nm, where unique physical properties make novel applications possible. By this definition all soil-clays, many chemicals derived from soil organic matter (SOM), several soil microorganisms fall into this category. Apart from native soil-materials, many new nanotech products are entering into soil system, some of which are used for agricultural production and some others for many other purposes.Nano-science (also nanotechnology) has found applications in controlling release of nitrogen, characterization of soil minerals, studies of weathering of soil minerals and soil development, micro-morphology of soils, nature of soil rhizosphere, nutrient ion transport in soil-plant system, emission of dusts and aerosols from agricultural soil and their nature, zeoponics, and precision water farming. In its stride, nanotechnology converges soil mineralogy with imaging techniques, artificial intelligence, and encompass bio molecules and polymers with microscopic atoms and molecules, and macroscopic properties (thermodynamics) with microscopic properties (kinetics, wave theory, uncertainty principles, etc.), to name a few. Some of the examples include clinoloptolite and other zeolite based substrates, and Fe-, Mn-, and Cu- substituted synthetic hydroxyapatites that have made it possible to grow crops in space stations and at Antarctica. This has eliminated costs of repeated launching of space crafts. A disturbing fact is that the fertilizer use efficiency is 20-50 percent for nitrogen, and 10-25 percent for phosphorus (<1% for rock phosphate in alkaline calcareous soils). With nano-fertilizers emerging as alternatives to conventional fertilizers, build ups of nutrients in soils and thereby eutrophication and drinking water contamination may be eliminated. In fact, nano-technology has opened up new opportunities to improve nutrient use efficiency and minimize costs of environmental protection. It has helped to divulge to recent findings that plant roots and microorganisms can directly lift nutrient ions from solid phase of minerals (that includes so-called susceptible (i.e., easily weatherable, as well as non-susceptible minerals).
When does right functional hemispheric lateralization arise? Evidence from preterm infants
Authors: Mento Giovanni , Suppiej Agnese , Bisiacchi Patrizia 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn recent years, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has allowed researchers to individuate an earlier morphological development of the right hemisphere compared to the left hemisphere before birth. Anatomical asymmetry, however, does not necessarily mean functional asymmetry and whether the anatomical differences between hemispheres at this early age are paralleled by functional specializations is still unknown. Here we show electrophysiological evidence of an early functional right lateralization for pitch processing arising by 30 gestational weeks, not before, in preterm newborns.
The study of the umbilical system in planktonic foraminifera in relation with depth of the Abderaz Formation at type section, IRAN
Authors: Shafiee Ardestani Meysam , Ghasemi-Nejad Ebrahim 
Published: July 2019

AbstractProspect of changes in such umbilical structures as Lip, Portici and Tegilla throughout Turonian-Campanian was also investigated. The phylogenic trend show that Lip structure in primary morphogroups turns gradually to tegilla in more developed forms in which the opening become also entirely umbilical. Statistical an analysis showed that the trends of changes are correlatable with increase in water depth while a decrease in depth result in development of lip in the planktonic foraminifera studied. The changes are considered to be in accord with Pascal law.