bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanoparticle‐Mediated Gene Delivery for Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Li Guangzhao , Wu Jiaxin , Cheng Xinting , Pei Xibo , Wang Jian , Xie Wenjia 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCritical‐sized bone defects represent an urgent clinical problem, necessitating innovative treatment approaches. Gene‐activated grafts for bone tissue engineering have emerged as a promising solution. However, traditional gene delivery methods are constrained by limited osteogenic efficacy and safety concerns. Recently, organic and inorganic nanoparticle (NP) vectors have attracted significant attention in bone tissue engineering for their safe, stable, and controllable gene delivery. Targeted gene delivery guided by insights into bone healing mechanisms, coupled with the multifunctional design of NPs, is crucial for enhancing therapeutic outcomes. Here, the theoretical foundations underlying NP‐mediated gene therapy for enhancing bone healing across different histological stages are elucidated. Furthermore, the distinct attributes of functionalized NP vectors are discussed, and cutting‐edge strategies aimed at optimizing gene delivery efficiency throughout the therapeutic process are highlighted. Additionally, the review addresses the unresolved challenges and prospects of this technology. This review may contribute to the continued development and clinical application of NP‐mediated gene delivery for treating critical‐sized bone defects.
Boosting the Durability of High‐Pt‐Content Fuel Cell Cathode Catalysts Through TaOx Decorating
Authors: Xue Kun‐Ze , Tong Lei , Zuo Lu‐Jie , Yu Yongzhi , Li Wei‐Jia , Zhou Zi‐Yuan , Song Tian‐Wei , Zhang Le , Li Shuai , Li Zi‐Rui , Xu Xiao‐Chu , Zuo Ming , Liang Hai‐Wei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEnhancing the durability of carbon‐supported platinum catalysts (Pt/C) for the oxygen reduction reaction remains a significant challenge in the field of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), especially for catalysts with high‐Pt contents. Herein, a TaOx decorating strategy that is capable of effectively boosting the durability of Pt/C catalysts even with a high‐Pt content of 50 wt.% is introduced. This strategy involves introducing reducible Ta2O5 nanoparticles into carbon supports, depositing Pt nanoparticles, and finally conducting high‐temperature H2 annealing to convert reducible Ta2O5 nanoparticles into amorphous TaOx decorating the Pt nanoparticles. The annealing temperature found in the Ta2O5 incorporation step is critical for the formation of reducible Ta2O5 nanoparticles, which, in turn, determines the continuity of the TaOx subsequently formed around the Pt nanoparticles. By controlling annealing temperature, the formation of a relatively continuous TaOx distribution on the Pt nanoparticle surface is achieved, thereby maximizing the interaction between Pt and TaOx and enhancing the electrochemical stability of Pt nanoparticles. Following the accelerated durability test, the resulting high‐Pt‐content catalyst demonstrates an array of exceptional durability metrics, including an electrochemical surface area loss of 30%, a mass activity loss of 35%, and a voltage loss of 22 mV at 0.8 A cm‒2.
Multi‐Functional Descriptor Design of V‐Based Double Atomic Catalysts for Room Temperature Sodium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Cui Kai , Wang Tianshuai , Zhang Qiuyu , Zhang Hepeng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDouble atomic catalysts (DACs) have emerged as a promising approach for addressing the shuttle effect and sluggish kinetics in room temperature sodium‐sulfur batteries (RT‐SSBs). However, identifying optimal metal combinations to meet the multiple requirements for RT‐SSBs is challenging. Herein, a method for designing V‐based DACs catalysts (DAC‐VX, X = metal atoms) is presented by distilling descriptors through first‐principle calculations and Multi‐Task Learning‐Sure Independence Screening and Sparsifying Operator. Theoretical calculations reveal the d‐d orbital couplings between V and X significantly influences catalytic performance, highlighting the advantages of DAC‐VX systems over SAV in reducing discharge reaction energy barriers and enhancing anchoring ability, although they are less effective in promoting Na₂S decomposition and Na migration. Moreover, a 3D multifunctional descriptor (Ce, Vm, Ra) is developed, enabling simultaneous prediction of sodium polysulfides adsorption energy, Na2S decomposition energy barrier, Na migration energy barrier, and discharge reaction energy barrier on DAC‐VX, overcoming the limitation of single performance descriptors. Notably, the coexisting SAV and DAC‐VCr are identified as an excellent catalyst candidate, offering the lowest discharge reaction energy barrier (0.54 eV), strong anchoring ability, and the lowest decomposition energy barrier for Na2S (0.96 eV). This work provides valuable insights for data‐driven design of DACs for RT‐SSBs.
‘Part of the team as opposed to watching from the outside’: Critical incident study of autistic veterinary surgeons’ workdays
Authors: Pickles Kirstie , Houdmont Jonathan , Smits Femke , Hill Bradley 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundAutistic individuals experience differences in sensory processing, communication and executive function, which may affect their experience of the workplace. We investigated UK‐based autistic clinical veterinary surgeons’ experiences to establish contributing factors to a good or difficult workday.MethodsPurposive sampling was used to conduct semi‐structured qualitative interviews with 15 autistic veterinary surgeons. A critical incident technique was applied to explore the characteristics of a good and a difficult workday. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to identify recurrent themes and sub‐themes in the narratives.ResultsFive major themes were identified as contributing to a difficult workday for autistic veterinarians: professional interactions, feeling out of control, the physical environment, role‐specific challenges and self‐doubt. Four overarching themes were identified as being associated with a good workday: positive interactions, feeling in control, having enough time and a sense of achievement.LimitationsAs this is a qualitative study with a small number of participants, the extent to which these findings reflect the experience of the wider autistic veterinary surgeon community is unclear.ConclusionStrategies to mitigate the effect of the most cited factors leading to difficult workdays, centring around neurodiversity awareness of colleagues and control of work, are likely to be helpful to autistic veterinary surgeons.
The ESA Science Programme
Authors: Parmar Arvind , Bonnet Roger-Maurice , Zarnecki John 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe briefly describe the history of the European Space Agency, the scientific topics covered by the Science Programme and the long-term planning process. The different mission types in the current Cosmic Vision plan are outlined together with the mission selection process. How a mission concept progresses through the various study and project phases, together with typical durations, is also outlined. Finally, the composition of the scientific community who could propose for observing time on ESA’s observatories is provided using membership of the International Astronomical Union.
Klinisch-praktische Aspekte der Vorbereitung, Durchführung und Nachbetreuung beim Schwangerschaftsabbruch im ersten Trimenon
Authors: David Matthias 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung
Im Januar 2023 erschien die „S2k-Leitlinie zum Schwangerschaftsabbruch im ersten Trimenon“ der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften e. V. (AWMF), die vom Bundesministerium für Gesundheit (BMG) beauftragt wurde. Die Leitlinie befasst sich mit dem operativen und dem medikamentösen Schwangerschaftsabbruch nach Beratungsregelung, mit kriminologischer oder mit medizinischer Indikation in den ersten 14 Schwangerschaftswochen, bezogen auf die letzte Regelblutung. In diesem Übersichtsartikel werden, orientiert an dieser Leitlinie, die Abläufe beim medikamentösen und operativen Schwangerschaftsabbruch vor- sowie Vor- und Nachteile der beiden Methoden gegenübergestellt. Klinisch-praktische Aspekte der Vorbereitung und Durchführung, des Komplikationsmanagements und der unmittelbaren Nachbetreuung beim Schwangerschaftsabbruch werden präsentiert.
Neues zur adjuvanten Therapie der Gallengangsatresie nach Kasai-Hepatoportoenterostomie
Authors: Madadi-Sanjani Omid , Hegen Bianca , Oh Jun , Reinshagen Konrad , Tomuschat Christian 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Gallengangsatresie ist eine seltene Cholangiopathie unklarer Ätiologie und stellt die häufigste Ursache für eine Lebertransplantation im Kindesalter dar. Um den Zeitpunkt einer möglichen Transplantation hinauszuzögern oder diese zu vermeiden, sollte so früh wie möglich eine Kasai-Hepatoportoenterostomie (KPE) durchgeführt werden.Trotzdem überleben nur knapp 20–30 % der Patienten langfristig mit ihrer eigenen Leber. Um das transplantatfreie Überleben weiter zu verlängern, werden zahlreiche adjuvante Therapiemaßnahmen beschrieben und eingesetzt. Ziel dieser Interventionen ist es, den postoperativen Gallefluss zu verbessern, die Rate an Cholangitiden zu reduzieren und cholestasebedingte Symptome zu lindern. Für den Großteil dieser Therapien ist die Evidenzlage jedoch schwach. Aktuelle Studien sowie internationale Behandlungsprotokolle geben einen Eindruck über deren Anwendung in der klinischen Praxis dieses seltenen Krankheitsbildes. Beschrieben wird der Einsatz von Antibiotika, Probiotika, Virostatika, Ursodesoxycholsäure, Steroiden sowie weiteren Therapiemöglichkeiten in der adjuvanten postoperativen Versorgung der Gallengangsatresie.
A head-to-head comparison of breast lesion’s conspicuity at contrast-enhanced mammography and contrast-enhanced MRI
Authors: Santonocito Ambra , Zarcaro Calogero , Zeitouni Layla , Ferrara Francesca , Kapetas Panagiotis , Helbich Thomas H. , Clauser Paola , Baltzer Pascal A. T. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Lesion conspicuity, the relative enhancement of a lesion compared to surrounding tissue, is a new descriptor in the ACR BI-RADS 2022 CEM supplement. We compared lesion conspicuity in contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) and contrast-enhanced MRI (CE-MRI) in patients with suspicious breast lesions.

Materials and methods
IRB-approved retrospective study; three blinded readers rated 462 indeterminate or suspicious breast lesions in 388 patients (54.2 ± 11 years; range 30–90) who underwent CEM and CE-MRI from 2018 to 2022. Each lesion’s conspicuity was scored from 1 to 5, with 5 indicating excellent conspicuity. Visual grading characteristics (VGC) analysis and area under the curve (AUC) were used for comparison, with sub-analyses for benign and malignant lesions.

Results
VGC analysis showed a significant AUC of 0.670 to 0.723 (p < 0.001) favouring CE-MRI. No lesion enhancement (score 1) was observed in 16.2% of CE-MRI and 44.7% of CEM. Excellent conspicuity was seen in 29.6% of CE-MRI and 11.9% of CEM. Sub-analysis showed higher conspicuity on CE-MRI for both malignant (AUC 0.665 to 0.732, p < 0.001) and benign lesions (AUC 0.734 to 0.798, p < 0.001). CE-MRI showed higher lesion conspicuity compared to CEM both for non-mass lesions (0.656) and for mass lesions 0.605.

Conclusion
CE-MRI shows significantly higher conspicuity for benign and malignant breast lesions compared to CEM, especially for benign lesions. The low conspicuity of benign lesions on CEM may help reduce false positives in clinical practice.

Key Points
QuestionLesion conspicuity is a new descriptor for lesion enhancement according to the new CEM lexicon. Data correlating lesion conspicuity with malignancy likelihood are limited.
FindingsLesion conspicuity is higher for contrast-enhanced-MRI than for contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) for all lesions but significantly better for benign lesions.
Clinical relevanceThe low conspicuity of benign lesions on CEM may reduce false-positive results, making it a valuable tool in breast cancer screening.
A 3-billion-year history of magmatism, metamorphism, and metasomatism recorded by granulite-facies xenoliths from central Montana, USA
Authors: Ringwood Mary F. , Ortner Sophia E. , Seward Gareth G. E. , Kylander-Clark Andrew R. C. , Rudnick Roberta L. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Lower crustal xenoliths from the Missouri Breaks diatremes and Bearpaw Mountains volcanic field in Montana record a multi-billion-year geologic history lasting from the Neoarchean to the Cenozoic. Unusual kyanite-scapolite-bearing mafic granulites equilibrated at approximately 1.8 GPa and 890 °C and 2.3 GPa and 1000 °C (67 and 85 km depth) and have compositions pointing to their origin as arc cumulates, while metapelitic granulites record peak conditions of 1.3 GPa and 775 °C (48 km depth). Rutile from both mafic granulites and metapelites have U-Pb dates that document the eruption of the host rocks at ca. 46 Ma (Big Slide in the Missouri Breaks) and ca. 51 Ma (Robinson Ranch in the Bearpaw Mountains). Detrital igneous zircon in metapelites date back to the Archean, and metamorphic zircon and monazite record a major event beginning at 1800 Ma. Both zircon and monazite from a metapelite from Robinson Ranch also document an earlier metamorphic event at 2200–2000 Ma, likely related to burial/metamorphism in a rift setting. Metapelites from Big Slide show a clear transition from detrital igneous zircon accumulation to metamorphic zircon and monazite growth around 1800 Ma, recording arc magmatism and subsequent continent-continent collision during the Great Falls orogeny, supporting suggestions that the Great Falls tectonic zone is a suture between the Wyoming craton and Medicine Hat block. U-Th-Pb and trace-element depth profiles of zircon and monazite record metasomatism of the lower crust during the Laramide orogeny at ~60 Ma, bolstering recent research pointing to Farallon slab fluid infiltration during the orogeny.
The effects of stress on surgical performance: a systematic review
Authors: Tam Adam , Bateman Samuel , Buckingham Gavin , Wilson Mark , Melendez-Torres G. J. , Vine Sam , Clark James 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Acute stress, the psychological response to short-term challenging stimuli, is frequently encountered in the high-pressure environment of the operating theatre. Surgeon stress is associated with deterioration in surgical performance, surgical team working and compromised patient safety. Given these concerns, the aim of this review was to understand the impact of acute stress on surgical performance in technical and non-technical domains as well as patient outcomes.

Methods
A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Electronic databases were searched for studies examining acute stress in medical professionals during real or simulated surgical procedures that reported performance outcomes in technical and non-technical skills. Risk of bias assessment was conducted using appropriate tools for each study design.

Results
Out of 1445 identified studies, 19 met the inclusion criteria. In simulated environments, acute stress consistently led to impairment in both technical and non-technical skills during surgical procedures. Technical skill deterioration included higher procedural error rates, longer task completion times and diminished instrument handling. Non-technical skills, such as teamwork and communication, also were impaired under stress conditions. Real-world studies echoed these findings, demonstrating acute stress resulting in higher error rates and impaired non-technical skills. No studies identified surgeon stress as having a causal relationship with patient outcomes.

Conclusion
Acute stress significantly impacts both technical and non-technical skills during surgical procedures, impairing performance in simulated and real-world surgical environments. Despite the growing understanding of the detrimental effects of stress, gaps remain in comprehensively assessing its impact on patient outcomes. Further research is warranted to develop reliable stress measurement methods applicable in surgical settings and explore effective stress management strategies.
Local government expenditure and Quality of Life in Finnish municipalities
Authors: Makkonen Teemu , Vartiainen Niko , Rauhut Daniel , Rautiainen Simo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study investigates whether local government expenditure correlate with the Quality of Life (QoL) of the local population and whether high public expenditure are indicative of high or low QoL. Data, including information on public expenditure and objective QoL indicators, were gathered for Finnish municipalities from several existing databases and cover a period of 2015–2019. A composite indicator was constructed to measure municipal QoL performance. The results indicate that there is a clear correlation between public expenditure and QoL: the higher the public expenditure the lower the QoL of the local population. This is due to a greater demand for public goods in municipalities that have low QoL levels. Further, QoL and public expenditure levels are a fairly constant phenomenon. There was no evidence that changes in public expenditure and QoL would affect each other in the short term. The added value of this paper is that it fills parts of the research gap concerning our knowledge on the empirical links between public expenditure and QoL at the local level.
Protecting privacy in the age of big data: exploring data linking methods for quasi-identifier selection
Authors: Borrero-Foncubierta Antonio , Rodriguez-Garcia Mercedes , Muñoz Andrés , Dodero Juan Manuel 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper explores the limitations faced by current solutions for selecting quasi-identifying attributes in the context of Privacy-Preserving Data Publishing (PPDP). PPDP stipulates that any published personal data should not be linkable to other available data sources in a manner that could potentially lead to individual re-identification or compromise sensitive data. The state-of-the-art methods for selecting quasi-identifying attributes commonly rely on heuristic evaluations to assess the risk of re-identification associated with each attribute. We hypothesize that these heuristic-based methods could be significantly improved by complementing them with empirical methods capable of quantifying the external linkability of dataset attributes. This empirical layer would enable a fine-tuning of the obfuscation of attributes within the dataset, thereby preventing the unnecessary privatization of attributes beyond potential attackers’ reach while ensuring privatization of those easily accessible. For this purpose, we explore recent advancements in identifying semantically related datasets across heterogeneous data sources. Although initially developed for purposes beyond privacy preservation, these methods support our initiative by uncovering potential links with external data and thus providing empirical evidence for the identification of attributes as quasi-identifiers. Finally, we discuss potential pathways to implement this empirical layer in quasi-identifier identification systems.
Deep imperative mutations have less impact
Authors: Langdon W. B. , Clark David 
Published: December 2024

AbstractInformation theory and entropy loss predict deeper more hierarchical software will be more robust. Suggesting silent errors and equivalent mutations will be more common in deeper code, highly structured code will be hard to test, so explaining best practise preference for unit testing of small methods rather than system wide analysis. Using the genetic improvement (GI) tool MAGPIE, we measure the impact of source code mutations and how this varies with execution depth in two diverse multi-level nested software. gem5 is a million line single threaded state-of-the-art C++ discrete time VLSI circuit simulator, whilst PARSEC VIPS is a non-deterministic parallel computing multi-threaded image processing benchmark written in C. More than 28–53% of mutants compile and generate identical results to the original program. We observe 12% and 16% Failed Disruption Propagation (FDP). Excluding internal errors, exceptions and asserts, here most faults below about 30 nested function levels which are Executed and Infect data or divert control flow are not Propagated to the output, i.e. these deep PIE changes have no visible external effect. Suggesting automatic software engineering on highly structured code will be hard.
Investigating droplet emission during speech interaction
Authors: Carbone Francesca , Bouchet Gilles , Ghio Alain , Legou Thierry , André Carine , Lalain Muriel , Petrone Caterina , Giovanni Antoine 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Conversations (normal speech) or professional interactions (e.g. projected speech in the classroom) have been identified as situations which increase individuals’ risk of exposure to respiratory viruses (including SARS-CoV-2) due to the high production of potentially infectious droplets. The few studies addressing this topic contain several methodological and linguistic limitations. This paper describes and validates an original combination of various methods, aimed at providing a global understanding of the complex physiological mechanisms underlying droplet emission during speech production. Twenty-one French speakers produced pseudowords and sentences under different phonetic conditions (e.g. loud vs normal intensity). In Experiment 1, we measured the airflow volume and airflow velocity exhaled from the mouth during speech. In Experiment 2, we measured the airflow velocity exhaled from different positions in the space around the mouth. In Experiment 3, we measured the number and size of expelled droplets. In all experiments, participants were asked to produce pseudowords and sentences under different phonetic conditions in an interactive setting. To validate our methodology, we tested the impact of voice intensity on the physiological measurements. We found that pseudowords and sentences spoken with loud intensity generated increased airflow volume and velocity compared to those spoken with normal intensity. Additionally, the number of droplets was higher for pseudowords spoken with loud intensity compared to normal intensity. From a methodological point of view, our study went beyond previous research by using multiple measures characterising droplet emission during speech. Furthermore, we applied an innovative experimental design, considering droplet emission in an interactive linguistic setting.
Potential effects of beta-blockers in HFpEF
Authors: Tokarczyk Wojciech , Urban Szymon , Patrzałek Patryk , Stolarski Łukasz , Iwanek Gracjan , Szymański Oskar , Zymliński Robert 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) poses a significant challenge in contemporary medicine, characterized by poor quality of life, high healthcare costs, and increased mortality. Despite advancements in medical research, treatment strategies for HFpEF remain elusive, with unclear guidance on the use of beta-blockers. While sympathetic overstimulation is common in HFpEF, beta-blockers, though potentially beneficial in reducing sympathetic activity, may exacerbate chronotropic incompetence and decrease exercise tolerance. Additionally, their impact on outcomes in HFpEF patients with concurrent atrial fibrillation is uncertain. Some studies suggest the potential benefits of beta-blockers on diastolic function, yet evidence on clinical endpoints remains inconclusive. Recent research indicates a potential reduction in all-cause mortality with beta-blocker use in HFpEF, although their effect on combined mortality or HF hospitalizations is less clear. Moreover, beta-blocker efficacy may vary depending on ejection fraction subgroups, with more favorable outcomes observed in HFmrEF compared to HFpEF. Current literature underscores the need for large-scale randomized clinical trials to clarify the role of beta-blockers in HFpEF management. Given the limitations of existing evidence, future research is essential to inform updated treatment guidelines and therapeutic protocols tailored to the contemporary clinical landscape.