bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lagrangian Formulation, Generalizations and Quantization of Null Maxwell's Knots
Authors: Nastase Horatiu , Sonnenschein Jacob 
Published: August 2018

AbstractKnotted solutions to electromagnetism are investigated as an independent subsector of the theory. We write down a Lagrangian and a Hamiltonian formulation of Bateman's construction for the knotted electromagnetic solutions. We introduce a general definition of the null condition and generalize the construction of Maxwell's theory to massless free complex scalar, its dual two form field, and to a massless DBI scalar. We set up the framework for quantizing the theory both in a path integral approach, as well as the canonical Dirac method for a constrained system. We make several observations about the semi‐classical quantization of systems of null configurations.
Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) is a safe approach for management of lipid parameters: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Hadi Amir , Mohammadi Hamed , Hadi Zohreh , Roshanravan Neda , Kafeshani Marzieh 
Published: August 2018

We performed a meta‐analysis to evaluate the efficacy of cumin supplementation on plasma lipid concentration in adult population.The search included PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane library (up to January 2018) to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of cumin supplementation on serum lipid parameters. Mean difference (MD) was pooled using a random‐effects model.Meta‐analysis of data from six eligible RCTs with 376 participants showed a significant reduction in plasma concentration of total cholesterol (MD [95% CI] −10.90 [−21.39, −0.42] mg/dl, p = 0.042) and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD [95% CI] −6.94 [−11.53, −2.35] mg/dl, p = 0.003) after supplementation with cumin compared with control treatment, and plasma concentration of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD [95% CI] 3.35 [1.58, 5.12] mg/dl, p˂0.001) were found to be increased. Although our analysis indicated that cumin supplementation cannot change triglyceride (TG) concentration (MD [95% CI] −20.48 [−41.23, −0.26] mg/dl, p = 0.053), but after stratified the RCTs based on the primary level of TG (hypertriglyceridemia versus nonhypertriglyceridemia subjects), there was a significant decrease in nonhypertriglyceridemia subset.This systematic review and meta‐analysis suggested the efficacy of cumin supplementation on lipid parameters.
Effects of cannabidiol, a Cannabis sativa constituent, on oral wound healing process in rats: Clinical and histological evaluation
Authors: Klein Mariana , de Quadros De Bortolli Juliane , Guimarães Francisco Silveira , Salum Fernanda Gonçalves , Cherubini Karen , de Figueiredo Maria Antonia Zancanaro 
Published: August 2018

The effects of cannabidiol (CBD), the main non‐psychotropic component of Cannabis sativa, were assessed on oral wound healing in an in vivo model. Standardized ulcers were induced in 60 Wistar rats using a 5‐mm biopsy punch on the midline of the ventral tongue. Animals received intraperitoneal injections of CBD at doses of 0 (control), 5, and 10 mg/kg daily. Animals were weighed daily, and wound healing was clinically and histologically evaluated after 3 and 7 days of treatment. CBD treatment did not influence the wound area of ulcerative lesions at either observation time. Conversely, microscopic findings revealed that at Day 3 postwounding, CBD‐treated lesions exhibited significantly lower inflammatory scores than those in the control group. However, this difference was not observed at Day 7. Collectively, these findings indicate that CBD exert an antiinflammatory effect in early phase of wound healing process although it was not sufficient promote clinical improvement of oral traumatic ulcerative lesions.
The megaclass as a service production system and the challenge of facilitating its continuous quality improvement: Towards a research agenda in a complex domain
Authors: Ograjenšek Irena , Gal Iddo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper aims to fill a gap in the literature on continuous quality improvement in higher education, regarding factors that may contribute to the effectiveness of megaclasses. We argue for the need to view megaclasses as a complex service production system, using introductory statistics classes as an example. Given the multiple virtual and tangible factors and processes and diverse learning communities involved in the megaclass, we believe that there is a need to better understand both its academic learning outcomes (ie, formation of knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs) and outcomes of service processes (ie, satisfaction levels of stakeholders and service metrics). We propose directions for a research agenda in this rapidly developing arena, using a model of 6 research areas influencing the above outcomes: (1) teaching methods; (2) cognition, learning, and assessment; (3) emotions, attitudes, and beliefs; (4) self‐management and metacognition; (5) social interaction and inquiry patterns; and (6) technology‐based interactions. We examine 7 traditional and emerging research methods that may jointly contribute to a better understanding of outcomes in megaclasses and Massive Open Online Classes and discuss their implications.
Simple and Rapid One‐Step Electrochemical Synthesis of Nanogranular Cu2O Films
Authors: Oyarzún Diego P. , Broens Martín I. , Linarez Pérez Omar E. , López Teijelo Manuel , Islas Rafael , Arratia‐Perez Ramiro 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn the present work, we report a simple experimental strategy for the one‐step electrochemical synthesis of nanogranular Cu2O films by copper anodization in fluoride‐containing ethylene glycol media. Microscopic exploration using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), shows the formation of spherical shape grains with sizes ranging from 20 to 40 nm. Raman and X‐Ray Photoemission Spectroscopy (XPS) results indicate that only CuI oxide is obtained. A band gap energy Eg=2.01 eV is estimated from UV–vis reflectance spectroscopy indicating that an indirect transition mechanism between semiconductor bands takes place. These evidences indicate that the present synthesis of nanogranular Cu2O films is a promising method for obtaining improved properties of materials for the design of photoelectronic devices.
Development of Surface Fluorescence X‐Ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy Using a Laue‐Type Monochromator
Authors: Wakisaka Yuki , Kido Daiki , Uehara Hiromitsu , Yuan Qiuyi , Feiten Felix E. , Mukai Shingo , Takakusagi Satoru , Uemura Yohei , Yokoyama Toshihiko , Wada Takahiro , Uo Motohiro , Sekizawa Oki , Uruga Tomoya , Iwasawa Yasuhiro , Asakura Kiyotaka 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSurface fluorescence X‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy using a Laue‐type monochromator has been developed to acquire structural information about metals with a very low concentrate on a flat highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface in the presence of electrolytes. Generally, surface fluorescence XAFS spectroscopy is hindered by strong scattering from the bulk, which often chokes the pulse counting detector. In this work, we show that a bent crystal Laue analyzer (BCLA) can efficiently remove the scattered X‐rays from the bulk even in the presence of solution. We applied the technique to submonolayer (∼1014 atoms cm−2) Pt on HOPG and successfully obtained high signal/noise in situ XAFS data in combination with back‐illuminated fluorescence XAFS (BI‐FXAFS) spectroscopy. This technique allows in situ XAFS measurements of flat electrode surfaces to be performed in the presence of electrolytes.
Bullying victimization and depressive symptoms in adolescence: The moderating role of parent‐child conflicts among boys and girls
Authors: Lahav‐Kadmiel Zohar , Brunstein‐Klomek Anat 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe association between bullying victimization and depressive symptoms has been studied extensively over the years. Among the variables studied as having an impact on this association were different characteristics of the parent‐child relationship. The current study was the first to specifically examine parent‐child conflicts as a moderator in the association between victimization and depressive symptoms among adolescents. In addition, it was the first to examine the roles of the child and parent's gender in this moderation.Methods505 7th‐9th graders from two schools in two different cities across Israel (mean age = 12.736, SD = 0.8154) participated in this study. 223 (44.2%) of the participants were male. The participants filled out a battery of self‐report questionnaires assessing the different study's variables.ResultsSignificant gender differences were found: among girls, the association between bullying victimization and depressive symptoms was stronger when the level of parent‐child conflicts was high, while among boys, it was stronger when the level of conflicts was low.ConclusionsOur results indicate that the psychological outcomes for victims depend on their relationship with their parents. Bullying intervention programs should include the victims' parents. Furthermore, intervention programs should be designed to fit the different needs of girls and boys.
Adolescent sleep insufficiency one year after high school☆
Authors: Perlus Jessamyn G. , O'Brien Fearghal , Haynie Denise L. , Simons‐Morton Bruce G. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTIntroductionSleep difficulties affect approximately 45% of adolescents and are associated with health consequences such as depression and obesity. Sleep duration immediately following high school is not well understood, especially for those not pursuing post‐secondary education. We examined adolescent sleep insufficiency and its association with school and work status.MethodsData were collected in 2012 and 2013 as part of the NEXT Generation Health Study (NEXT), a nationally representative, longitudinal study of U.S. adolescents. Self‐reported sleep was compared with guidelines for healthy sleep.ResultsOn weekdays, 31% reported less than 7 h of sleep; which reduced to 6% on weekends. Average weekday sleep was 7.4 h and weekend sleep was 9.2 h. Few results emerged from interaction analyses comparing different work and school statuses.ConclusionsThis study captures sleep habits of adolescents one year after high school regardless of school and/or working status. Implications and future directions are discussed.
Bone Marrow–Derived and Adipose‐Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Primary Knee Osteoarthritis: A Narrative Review
Authors: Jayaram Prathap , Ikpeama Uzoh , Rothenberg Joshua B. , Malanga Gerard A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRegenerative medicine in the context of musculoskeletal injury is a broad term that offers potential therapeutic solutions to restore or repair damaged tissue. The current focus in recent literature and clinical practice has been on cell based therapy. In particular, much attention has been centered on autologous bone marrow concentrate and adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for cartilage and tendon disorders. This article provides an overview of MSC‐derived therapy and offers a comprehensive review of adipose‐ and bone marrow–derived MSC therapy in primary knee osteoarthritis.Level of EvidenceIV
A Community Engagement Advisory Board as a strategy to improve research engagement and build institutional capacity for community-engaged research
Authors: Matthews Alicia K. , Anderson Emily E. , Willis Marilyn , Castillo Amparo , Choure Wendy 
Published: August 2018

PurposeCommunity engagement is deemed as critical to the success of the CTSA program. In 2009, to improve research engagement and build capacity for community-engaged research across the translational spectrum, the Center for Clinical and Translational Science at the University of Illinois at Chicago created a Community Engagement Advisory Board (CEAB). Here, we report results of our ongoing evaluation efforts.MethodsCEAB activities are evaluated using mixed methods. Annual CEAB evaluation surveys were completed from 2010 to 2016 (n=106 respondents). In 2014, two 90-minute focus groups were conducted with a subset of recent CEAB members (n=19).ResultsSurvey data suggest respondents perceive their consultations to be helpful in improving the capacity of researchers (90%) and the quality of research projects (80%). Further, CEAB members perceive themselves to have personally benefitted from their involvement including obtaining new knowledge (84%), expansion of their networks (76%), and forming new community linkages (51%). Results of the qualitative data were consistent with survey data.ConclusionsOur CEAB has improved research engagement and developed institutional capacity to conduct community-engaged research in several ways. Our findings can inform the establishment or enhancement of community engagement services for CTSA-affiliated researchers and community partners.
Mechanics for the Adhesion and Aggregation of Red Blood Cells on Chitosan
Authors: Chen K. Y. , Lin T. H. , Yang C. Y. , Kuo Y. W. , Lei U. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHemostasis, a process which causes bleeding to stop, can be enhanced using chitosan; but the detailed mechanism is unclear. Red blood cells (RBCs) adhere to chitosan because of their opposite charges, but the adhesion force is small, 3.83 pN as measured here using an optical tweezer, such that the direct adhesion cannot be the sole cause for hemostasis. However, it was observed in this study that layer structures of aggregated RBCs were formed next to chitosan objects in both static and flowing environments, but not formed next to cotton and rayon yarns. The layer structure is the clue for the initiation of hemostatsis. Through the supporting measurements of zeta potentials of RBCs and pH's using blood-chitosan mixtures, it is proposed here that the formation of the RBC layer structure next to chitosan objects is due to the reduction of repulsive electric double layer force between RBCs, because of the association of H+deprotonated from chitosan with COO−on RBC membrane, under the DLVO (Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek) theory. The results are beneficial for designing effective chitosan-based wound dressings, and also for general biomedical applications.
Comparison of functional and oncological treatment outcomes after transoral robotic surgery and open surgery for supraglottic laryngeal cancer
Authors: Karabulut B , Deveci İ , Sürmeli M , Şahin-Yilmaz A , Oysu Ç 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo compare functional and oncological treatment outcomes among patients with supraglottic laryngeal cancers who underwent transoral robotic supraglottic laryngectomy and open supraglottic laryngectomy.MethodsA retrospective chart review was conducted of 17 patients treated by transoral robotic supraglottic laryngectomy and 20 patients treated by open supraglottic laryngectomy.ResultsNo tracheostomy or prolonged intubation was needed in the transoral robotic surgery group. Furthermore, that group had a shorter oral feeding time, hospitalisation and recovery period. There was no difference between groups in terms of complications. There were no differences in overall survival time and disease-specific survival time between groups.ConclusionTransoral robotic supraglottic laryngectomy for supraglottic laryngeal cancer is an oncologically safe and functional procedure with better results when compared to conventional open surgery.
Dissociation between caloric and head impulse testing in patients with congenital abnormalities of the semicircular canals
Authors: Shaw B , Raghavan R S 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundDissociation between caloric and head impulse test results in patients with vestibular disorders has been well documented since the introduction of video head impulse testing. Prior to the introduction of video head impulse testing, vestibular diagnostic services relied mainly on caloric testing, and it is now known that the caloric testing shows more positive results than video head impulse testing. A dissipation model was proposed to explain this dissociation.Case reportsThis paper presents two cases in which caloric testing indicated an absent or significantly reduced response on the horizontal semicircular canal plane but video head impulse testing showed near-normal or normal vestibulo-ocular reflex gain on the same plane.ConclusionThis report supports the dissipation theory and questions the functional relevance of canal paresis values calculated from caloric test results.
Parasites and their (endo)symbiotic microbes
Authors: Yurchenko Vyacheslav , Lukeš Julius 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThanks to modern molecular biology methods, our understanding of the impact of (endo)symbiotic bacteria on parasitic protists and helminths is growing fast. In this issue, 9 papers have been brought together that describe various facets of the relationships between these microorganisms, reveal their range and high frequency, as well as their capacity to create novel biological complexity. Comparative analyses of these host–endosymbiont interactions indicate that there may be no discrete types of relationships but rather a continuum ranging from a dispensable endosymbiont minimally integrated within the host cell to organelles, such as mitochondria and plastids that evolved into an indispensable, deeply integrated components of the cell. We hope that this series of studies on parasites and (endo)symbiotic bacteria will increase awareness about these relationships and their representation in microbial ecology models.
Off-host longevity of the winged dispersal stage ofCarnus hemapterus(Insecta: Diptera) modulated by gender, body size and food provisioning
Authors: Veiga Jesús , Moreno Eulalia , Benzal Jesús , Valera Francisco 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHighlighting the dispersal ecology of parasites is important for understanding epidemiological, demographic and coevolutionary aspects of host–parasite interactions. Yet, critical aspects of the dispersal stage of parasites, such as longevity and the factors influencing it, are poorly known. Here we study the lifespan of the dispersal stage of an ectoparasitic dipteran,Carnus hemapterus, and the impact of gender, body size and food provisioning on longevity. We found that freshly emerged imagoes survive at most less than 4 days. Longevity increased with body size and, since this parasite exhibits sexual size dimorphism, the bigger females lived longer than males. However, controlling for body size suggests that males lived relatively longer than females. Furthermore, a humid environment and food provisioning (flowers) significantly increased individual life spans. We discuss the relative importance of spatial and temporal dispersal in relation to the infectious potential of this parasite.
Sampling considerations for a potential Zika virus urosurvey in New York City
Authors: Thompson C. N. , Lee C. T. , Immerwahr S. , Resnick S. , Culp G. , Greene S. K. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn 2016, imported Zika virus (ZIKV) infections and the presence of a potentially competent mosquito vector (Aedes albopictus) implied that ZIKV transmission in New York City (NYC) was possible. The NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene developed contingency plans for a urosurvey to rule out ongoing local transmission as quickly as possible if a locally acquired case of confirmed ZIKV infection was suspected. We identified tools to (1) rapidly estimate the population living in any given 150-m radius (i.e. within the typical flight distance of anAedesmosquito) and (2) calculate the sample size needed to test and rule out the further local transmission. As we expected near-zero ZIKV prevalence, methods relying on the normal approximation to the binomial distribution were inappropriate. Instead, we assumed a hypergeometric distribution, 10 missed cases at maximum, a urine assay sensitivity of 92.6% and 100% specificity. Three suspected example risk areas were evaluated with estimated population sizes of 479–4,453, corresponding to a minimum of 133–1244 urine samples. This planning exercise improved our capacity for ruling out local transmission of an emerging infection in a dense, urban environment where all residents in a suspected risk area cannot be feasibly sampled.
Dietary inflammatory index and academic performance in children
Authors: Esteban-Cornejo Irene , Mota Jorge , Abreu Sandra , Pizarro Andreia N , Santos Maria Paula 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe main aim of the present study was to examine the association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) and academic performance in children.DesignSchool-based cross-sectional study. The DII was calculated based on dietary information obtained from a single 24h dietary recall. Academic performance was assessed by school records provided by the administrative services (i.e. Maths and Language).SettingPorto area (Portugal).SubjectsA total of 524 children (277 girls) aged 11·56 (sd 0·86) years.ResultsThe DII was associated with academic indicators (standardized β values ranging from −0·121 to −0·087; all P<0·05). Significant differences were found between quartiles of the DII (P<0·05); children in the fourth quartile had significantly lower scores in all academic indicators compared with children in the first quartile (score differences ranging from −0·377 to −0·292) after adjustment for potential confounders.ConclusionsThe inflammatory potential of diet may negatively influence academic performance. Children should avoid the consumption of a pro-inflammatory diet and adhere to a more anti-inflammatory diet to achieve academic benefits.
Replacement Times of a Spectrum of Elements in the North Atlantic Based on Thorium Supply
Authors: Hayes Christopher T. , Anderson Robert F. , Cheng Hai , Conway Tim M. , Edwards R. Lawrence , Fleisher Martin Q. , Ho Peng , Huang Kuo‐Fang , John Seth G. , Landing William M. , Little Susan H. , Lu Yanbin , Morton Peter L. , Moran S. Bradley , Robinson Laura F. , Shelley Rachel U. , Shiller Alan M. , Zheng Xin‐Yuan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe measurable supply of 232Th to the ocean can be used to derive the supply of other elements, which is more difficult to quantify directly. The measured inventory of an element divided by the derived supply yields a replacement time estimate, which in special circumstances is related to a residence time. As a proof of concept, Th‐based supply rates imply a range in the replacement times of the rare earth elements in the North Atlantic that is consistent with the chemical reactivity of rare earth elements related to their ionic charge density. Similar estimates of replacement times for the bioactive trace elements (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cd, Cu, and Co), ranging from <5 years to >50,000 years, demonstrate the broad range of elemental reactivity in the ocean. Here we discuss how variations in source composition, fractional solubility ratios, or noncontinental sources, such as hydrothermal vents, lead to uncertainties in Th‐based replacement time estimates. We show that the constraints on oceanic replacement time provided by the Th‐based calculations are broadly applicable in predicting how elements are distributed in the ocean and for some elements, such as Fe, may inform us on how the carbon cycle may be impacted by trace element supply and removal.