bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection and Estimation of Monomeric Eluates from Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Resin of Various Polymerisation Modes
Authors: Amin Wala M. 
Published: September 2018

High-performance liquid chromatography coupled to an ultra-violet detector method was used to monitor the elution profile of methyl methacrylate monomer from poly (methyl methacrylate) resin produced by various polymerization modes. Three types of polymer were investigated, one auto-polymerised, one heat-polymerised, and a microwave-polymerised resin type. The study was conducted on five discs from each type in both distilled water and artificial saliva. The results showed that the three resins demonstrated a rapid dumping of their residual methacrylic acid whereas their un-polymerised methyl methacrylate monomer continued to leach out to both artificial saliva and distilled water throughout the five-week test period. It was shown that the three resins differed significantly (p< 0.05) in the elution profile of their methyl methacrylate, with the microwave-polymerised type showing the highest amount of leached out monomer whereas the heat-polymerised type showed the lowest amount of monomer diffusion. The results also showed that the amount of eluates leached out from the investigated polymers into the artificial saliva was larger than into water. The findings of this study warned that the risk of a chemical trauma to the oral soft tissues is significant and imminent immediately after delivery of a newly constructed prosthesis. Such a trauma, however, could be substantially minimised by immersing the oral appliances in water for one week before insertion.
Morphology and Rheological Properties of Polyethylene/Polystyrene Blends
Authors: Kossentini-Kallel Tasnim , Massardier-Nageotte Valérie , Jaziri Mohamed , Gerard Jean-François , Elleuch Boubaker 
Published: September 2018

The objective of the present work was to study the evolution of the morphology and rheological properties of PE/PS blends with different compositions. Blends ranging from pure A to pure B component were prepared using a single-screw extruder to simulate a convenient industrial process. The analyses of the blend morphologies highlighted the poor adhesion between the two phases and revealed a direct dependence on their composition. The observed variations in the rheological properties and morphology seem to be in agreement with the composition of the blends.
Macular edema after cataract surgery in eyes with and without pseudoexfoliation syndrome
Authors: Ilveskoski Lotta , Taipale Claudia , Holmström Emil J , Tuuminen Raimo 
Published: September 2018

Background: The purpose of the study was to identify macular edema after cataract surgery in eyes with and without pseudoexfoliation syndrome. The study was a post-hoc analysis of a randomized, double-blind, prospective single-center study. Patients were enrolled between January 2016 and October 2016 as per the national guidelines for the management of cataract in the Department of Ophthalmology, Kymenlaakso Central Hospital, Kotka, Finland. Methods: One hundred and fifty-six eyes of 149 patients undergoing routine cataract surgery. Postoperatively anti-inflammatory medication was either dexamethasone (N = 78) or diclofenac (N = 78). Spectral domain optical coherence tomography imaging and laser flare meter measurement of the anterior chamber were conducted before surgery and at the control visit 28 days postoperatively. Results: Baseline variables were comparable between eyes with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (N = 32) and those without (N = 124), except for intraocular pressure ( P = 0.002) and glaucoma medication ( P < 0.001). In patients having pseudoexfoliation syndrome, central retinal thickness increase (mean ± standard error of the mean) was 63.3 ± 35.5 μm for dexamethasone and 17.6 ± 5.8 μm for diclofenac, compared to 28.9 ± 8.0 μm ( P = NS) and 6.9 ± 1.3 μm ( P = 0.014) in eyes without pseudoexfoliation syndrome, respectively. Aqueous flare at 28 days was 25.8 ± 5.4 pu/ms for patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome and 18.3 ± 1.8 pu/ms for those without ( P = 0.030). Best corrected visual acuity gain and best corrected visual acuity at 28 days were less in patients having pseudoexfoliation syndrome compared to those without (0.39 ± 0.07 vs 0.59 ± 0.03 decimals, P = 0.007; and 0.77 ± 0.06 vs 0.92 ± 0.03 decimals, P = 0.008, respectively). Conclusion: Eyes with pseudoexfoliation syndrome may be predisposed to an increased aqueous flare and macular edema after cataract surgery. This study outlines the need to determine the optimal anti-inflammatory medication after cataract surgery in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome.
Valsalva retinopathy associated with intranasal cocaine abuse: A case report
Authors: Karasavvidou Evdoxia-Maria A , Athanasopoulos Georgios P , Konstas Anastasios G , Tsirampidou Eleni A , Tranos Paris G 
Published: September 2018

Introduction: The purpose of this report is to describe a case of Valsalva retinopathy in an intranasal cocaine user. Case report: A 49-year-old male presented with a history of sudden loss of vision and inferior visual field defect in his left eye. Clinical evaluation of the affected eye showed best corrected visual acuity of 20/25 and fundus examination revealed a preretinal hemorrhage superior to the disk with multiple intraretinal hemorrhages in and around the posterior pole. On further questioning, the patient revealed intranasal cocaine use the day before the onset of his visual symptoms. Blood tests were requested to exclude blood dyscrasias or predisposition to vascular occlusive disorders and no further treatment measures were taken. The patient was reviewed a month later when his hemorrhages had completely resolved and his visual acuity had improved to 20/20. His blood results were within normal limits. Conclusion: Although never been reported before, Valsalva retinopathy can be associated with intranasal cocaine abuse and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of visual reduction in such population.
In-Mould Painting by Spraying Thermoset Powder Coating into a Closed Mould, Followed by Standard Thermoplastic Injection Moulding: Part 1: Introducing the IN-SPIRE Process
Authors: Goodship V. , Lobjoit C. , Cook N. , Smith G.F. 
Published: September 2018

Injection moulding technologies are constantly evolving to meet changing customer requirements, improved cost effectiveness and to meet new environmental legislation. One such technology is in-mould decoration (IMD). This technique is attractive due to increased customer desire for multi-functional and decorative products and includes any process in which a fully, or partially, decorated component is produced directly from the moulding process. A new patented IMD process has been developed to produce a painted component direct from the injection moulding tool. It uses thermoset powder coatings which are sprayed under pressure through a valve into a closed mould using a novel feed system. The heat of the tool softens the coatings which are then cured by the injection of thermoplastic polymer into a standard injection moulding system. In this first paper initial design features and considerations as well as the process itself are discussed.
Patients From Appalachia Have Reduced Access to Liver Transplantation After Wait-Listing
Authors: Beal Eliza W. , Tumin Dmitry , Sobotka Lindsay , Tobias Joseph D. , Hayes Don , Pawlik Timothy M. , Washburn Kenneth , Mumtaz Khalid , Conteh Lanla , Black Sylvester M. 
Published: September 2018

Background: The Appalachian region is medically underserved and characterized by high morbidity and mortality. We investigated disparities among patients listed for liver transplantation (LT) in wait-list outcomes, according to residence in the Appalachian region. Methods: Data on adult patients listed for LT were obtained from the United Network for Organ Sharing for July 2013 to December 2015. Wait-list outcomes were compared using cause-specific hazard models by region of residence (Appalachian vs non-Appalachian) among patients listed at centers serving Appalachia. Posttransplant patient and graft survival were also compared. The study included 1835 LT candidates from Appalachia and 5200 from non-Appalachian regions, of whom 1016 patients experienced wait-list mortality or were delisted; 3505 received liver transplants. Results: In multivariable analyses, patients from Appalachia were less likely to receive LT (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.86; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.79-0.93; P < .001), but Appalachian residence was not associated with wait-list mortality or delisting (HR = 1.03; 95% CI: 0.89-1.18; P = .696). Among liver transplant recipients, patient and graft survival did not differ by Appalachian versus non-Appalachian residence. Conclusion: Appalachian residence was associated with lower access to transplantation after listing for LT. This geographic disparity should be addressed in the current debate over reforming donor liver allocation and patient priority for LT.
Towards feedback-controlled nanomedicines for smart, adaptive delivery
Authors: Jones Stephen J. , Taylor Annette F. , Beales Paul A 
Published: September 2018

Nanomedicines for controlled drug release provide temporal and spatial regulation of drug bioavailability in the body. The timing of drug release is usually engineered either for slow gradual release over an extended period of time or for rapid release triggered by a specific change in its physicochemical environment. However, between these two extremes, there is the desirable possibility of adaptive nanomedicines that dynamically modulate drug release in tune with its changing environment. Adaptation and response through communication with its environment is a fundamental trait of living systems; therefore, the design of biomimetic nanomedicines through the approaches of bottom-up synthetic biology provides a viable route to this goal. This could enable drug delivery systems to optimize release in synchronicity with the body’s natural biological rhythms and the personalized physiological characteristics of the patient, e.g. their metabolic rate. Living systems achieve this responsiveness through feedback-controlled biochemical processes that regulate their functional outputs. Towards this goal of adaptive drug delivery systems, we review the general benefits of nanomedicine formulations, provide existing examples of experimental nanomedicines that encapsulate the metabolic function of enzymes, and give relevant examples of feedback-controlled chemical systems. These are the underpinning concepts that hold promise to be combined to form novel adaptive release systems. Furthermore, we motivate the advantages of adaptive release through chronobiological examples. By providing a brief review of these topics and an assessment of the state of the art, we aim to provide a useful resource to accelerate developments in this field.Impact statementThe timing and rate of release of pharmaceuticals from advanced drug delivery systems is an important property that has received considerable attention in the scientific literature. Broadly, these mostly fall into two classes: controlled release with a prolonged release rate or triggered release where the drug is rapidly released in response to an environmental stimulus. This review aims to highlight the potential for developing adaptive release systems that more subtlety modulate the drug release profile through continuous communication with its environment facilitated through feedback control. By reviewing the key elements of this approach in one place (fundamental principles of nanomedicine, enzymatic nanoreactors for medical therapies and feedback-controlled chemical systems) and providing additional motivating case studies in the context of chronobiology, we hope to inspire innovative development of novel “chrononanomedicines.”
The Woven EndoBridge (WEB) for recurrent aneurysms: Clinical and imaging results
Authors: van Rooij SBT , van Rooij WJ , Sluzewski M , Peluso JP 
Published: September 2018

Introduction The Woven EndoBridge (WEB) device is a novel intrasaccular flow disrupter designed for wide-necked aneurysms. We present our results of WEB treatment in previously treated and reopened aneurysms. Materials and methods Between February 2015 and December 2017, 17 patients with reopening of previously treated aneurysms were treated using the WEB device. Initial treatment was clipping in one, WEB in five and coiling in 11 aneurysms. Six aneurysms had two or three previous treatments. Mechanism of aneurysm reopening was clip remnant in one, compaction without regrowth in three, focal regrowth in five, reopening in partially thrombosed aneurysms in three and WEB compression in five aneurysms. Results Endovascular treatment of the recurrent aneurysm was possible in all 17 patients with good WEB position obtained. Additional devices were used in three of 17 patients (18%): coils in two and stent in one patient.  No technical, hemorrhagic or thromboembolic complications occurred (0%, 97.5% confidence interval 0–22%). Overall imaging result at latest follow-up was complete occlusion in five (29%), neck remnant in six (35%), aneurysm reopening in six (35%) and persistent WEB filling in one aneurysm (6%). After retreatment with the WEB, two aneurysms were again additionally treated and three aneurysms are scheduled for additional treatment. Worst results were in partially thrombosed aneurysms. Conclusion The WEB device for recurrent aneurysms may be a feasible and safe option, especially in wide-necked, shallow aneurysm recurrences. Results were poor in partially thrombosed recurrent aneurysms.
Transferrin receptor 2 is a potential novel therapeutic target for β-thalassemia: evidence from a murine model
Authors: Artuso Irene , Lidonnici Maria Rosa , Altamura Sandro , Mandelli Giacomo , Pettinato Mariateresa , Muckenthaler Martina U. , Silvestri Laura , Ferrari Giuliana , Camaschella Clara , Nai Antonella 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
β-thalassemias are genetic disorders characterized by anemia, ineffective erythropoiesis, and iron overload. Current treatment of severe cases is based on blood transfusion and iron chelation or allogeneic bone marrow (BM) transplantation. Novel approaches are explored for nontransfusion-dependent patients (thalassemia intermedia) who develop anemia and iron overload. Here, we investigated the erythropoietin (EPO) receptor partner, transferrin receptor 2 (TFR2), as a novel potential therapeutic target. We generated a murine model of thalassemia intermedia specifically lacking BM Tfr2: because their erythroid cells are more susceptible to EPO stimulation, mice show improved erythropoiesis and red blood cell morphology as well as partial correction of anemia and iron overload. The beneficial effects become attenuated over time, possibly due to insufficient iron availability to sustain the enhanced erythropoiesis. Germ line deletion of Tfr2, including haploinsufficiency, had a similar effect in the thalassemic model. Because targeting TFR2 enhances EPO-mediated effects exclusively in cells expressing both receptors, this approach may have advantages over erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in the treatment of other anemias.
Medical tourism: focusing on patients’ prior, current, and post experience
Authors: Hwang Soonae , Lee DonHee , Kang Chang-Yuil 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis study empirically examines the effects of medical tourists’ experience of the decision-making process through a patient’s prior, actual, and post experience after having received the medical services. The research model and associated hypotheses were tested using a structural equation modeling based on data collected from 188 medical tourists who received care in Busan, South Korea. The findings of the study indicate that patients’ experience in medical tourism pre-search (reputation, searching information, and communication) has a partially positive effect on their experience (costs, care quality, and supporting system and/or information) and patients’ current experience during the medical tour process has a positive effect on post-experience (relationship building, recommendation, and feedback). The results of this study provide new insights about how key players (e.g., hospitals, medical travel agencies, hotels, and the medical tourists themselves) in medical tourism can effectively help managers identify medical tourists’ needs based on the decision-making process of prior, current, and post-experience of medical tourists.
Experimental BPA Exposure and Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Response in Adult Men and Women
Authors: Stahlhut Richard W , Myers John Peterson , Taylor Julia A , Nadal Angel , Dyer Jonathan A , vom Saal Frederick S 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Context
Human cross-sectional and animal studies have shown an association of the chemical bisphenol A (BPA) with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and other metabolic diseases, but no human experimental study has investigated whether BPA alters insulin/C-peptide secretion.

Design
Men and postmenopausal women (without diabetes) were orally administered either the vehicle or a BPA dose of 50 µg/kg body weight, which has been predicted by US regulators (Food and Drug Administration, Environmental Protection Agency) to be the maximum, safe daily oral BPA dose over the lifetime. Insulin response was assessed in two cross-over experiments using an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT; experiment 1) and a hyperglycemic (HG) clamp (experiment 2). Main outcomes were the percentage change of BPA session measures relative to those of the control session.

Results
Serum bioactive BPA after experimental exposure was at levels detected in human biomonitoring studies. In the OGTT, a strong positive correlation was found between hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) and the percentage change in the insulinogenic index (Spearman = 0.92), an indicator of early-phase insulin response, and the equivalent C-peptide index (Pearson = 0.97). In the HG clamp study, focusing on the later-phase insulin response to a stable level of glucose, several measures of insulin and C-peptide appeared suppressed during the BPA session relative to the control session; the change in insulin maximum concentration (Cmax) was negatively correlated with HbA1c and the Cmax of bioactive serum BPA.

Conclusions
This exploratory study suggests that BPA exposure to a dose considered safe by US regulators may alter glucose-stimulated insulin response in humans.
Claudin-4 reconstituted in unilamellar vesicles is sufficient to form tight interfaces that partition membrane proteins
Authors: Belardi Brian , Son Sungmin , Vahey Michael D. , Wang Jinzhi , Hou Jianghui , Fletcher Daniel A. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
Tight junctions have been hypothesized to act as molecular fences in the plasma membrane of epithelial cells, helping to form differentiated apical and basolateral domains. While this fence function is believed to arise from the interaction of four-pass transmembrane claudins, the complexity of tight junctions has made direct evidence of their role as a putative diffusion barrier difficult to obtain. Here, we address this challenge by reconstituting claudin-4 into giant unilamellar vesicles using microfluidic jetting. We find that reconstituted claudin-4 alone can form adhesive membrane interfaces without the accessory proteins that are present in vivo. By controlling the molecular composition of the inner and outer leaflets of jetted vesicle membranes, we show that claudin-4-mediated interfaces can drive partitioning of extracellular membrane proteins with ectodomains as small as 5 nm but not of inner or outer leaflet lipids. Our findings indicate that homotypic interactions of claudins and their small size can contribute to the polarization of epithelial cells.
A ascensão do G7 e os novos parâmetros da cooperação monetária e financeira internacional pós Bretton Woods | The rise of the G7 and the new parameters of post-Bretton Woods international monetary and financial cooperation
Authors: Gaspar Debora Garcia 
Published: September 2018

Em 1973, chega ao fim o regime de câmbio fixo, que caracterizou o período pós-guerra, dentro do Sistema de Bretton Woods. Na ausência de mecanismos multilaterais de governança do sistema monetário e financeiro internacional, ocorre a ascensão do G7 como o principal fórum de discussão. A ideia inicial era promover um espaço informal de concertação entre as principais economias do mundo. O fórum, no entanto, acabou por se consolidar e legitimar como o promotor da nova ordem econômica internacional. O artigo visa, por meio da análise das atas das reuniões dos cinco primeiros encontros do G7 (1975-1979), compreender as aproximações e as divergências de posições sobre quais seriam os novos fundamentos do bom funcionamento do sistema monetário financeiro internacional, a partir da noção de conceito de controle abrangente (Pijl, 1998).ABSTRACTIn 1973, the fixed exchange rate regime, which had characterized the post-war period, under the Bretton Woods System, came to an end. In the absence of multilateral governance mechanisms in the international monetary and financial system, the G7 rises as the main forum of discussion. The initial idea was to promote an informal concertation arena among the world's major economies. The forum, however, eventually consolidated and legimized itself as the promoter of the new international economic order. This article aims, through the analysis of the minutes of the five first G7 meetings (1975-1979), to understand the convergences and divergences of positions on what would be a new basis of the proper functioning of the international monetary system, departing from the theoretical notion of comprehensive concept of control (Pijl, 1998).Palavras-chave: G7, neoliberalismo, cooperação monetária.Keywords: G7, neoliberalism, monetary cooperationRecebido em 30 de Janeiro de 2018 | Received on January 30, 2018Aceito em 15 de Maio de 2018 | Accepted May 15, 2018 DOI
Venous leg ulcers managed using polyurethane foam with a micropore dressing: two case reports
Authors: Nair Harikrishna K.R. 
Published: September 2018

Background: Cases of venous leg ulcers (VLU) are expected to rise due to the rapidly ageing population in Malaysia. Central to the management of these wounds is compression therapy together with an appropriate wound dressing. Pain and discomfort during dressing changes are common in these patients. Polyurethane foam dressings with SMARTPORE technology (micropore dressing; Mundipharma) facilitate vertical absorption of exudate to reduce risks of wound and periwound area maceration. They support easy dressing removal with less pain and trauma to the wound bed. Thus, the micropore dressing was chosen as a viable treatment option in these cases. Cases: Case 1, a 74-year-old diabetic female was treated for bilateral VLUs with micropore dressing for several months, which she noted to be painless and convenient. Case 2, a 49-year-old housewife with a solitary VLU was treated with micropore dressing, leading to good treatment results and high satisfaction. Conclusion: VLUs managed by the micropore dressing resulted in reduced pain and ease of use during dressing changes, as well as noticeable reduction in wound and periwound area maceration. The use of this type of dressing in these cases shows encouraging results and provides a desirable management option. More robust clinical studies are necessary to establish this.
PORSI DAN NUTRISI MAKANAN MUHAMMAD SAW Kajian Hadis Teks dan Konteks
Authors: Nisa’ Mir’atun 
Published: September 2018

The primary factor in increase of fatness and obesity in Indonesia is food consumption pattern. This article is focused on assessing the nutritional intake of Muhammad based on hadis. By using thematic and nutritional science approach reflected the number of calories of the food of prophet Muhammad. The result can be a reference for muslims to balancing portions and nutrition also taking the purpose behind it.