bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Prospective Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound-Based Evaluation of the Effects of Repetitive Subconcussive Head Trauma on Neurovascular Coupling Dynamics
Authors: Wright Alexander D. , Smirl Jonathan D. , Bryk Kelsey , Jakovac Michael , van Donkelaar Paul 
Published: February 2018

Objective:
To determine the effects of repetitive subconcussive head trauma on neurovascular coupling (NVC) responses.

Design:
Prospective cohort study collected between September 2013 and December 2016.

Setting:
University laboratory.

Participants:
One hundred seventy-nine elite, junior-level (age, 19.6 ± 1.5 years) contact sport (ice hockey, American football) athletes recruited for preseason testing. Fifty-two nonconcussed athletes returned for postseason testing. Fifteen noncontact sport athletes (age, 20.4 ± 2.2 years) also completed preseason and postseason testing.

Exposure(s):
Subconcussive sport-related head trauma.

Main Outcome Measures:
Dynamics of NVC were estimated during cycles of 20 seconds eyes closed and 40 seconds eyes open to a visual stimulus (reading) by measuring cerebral blood flow (CBF) velocity in the posterior (PCA) and middle (MCA) cerebral arteries via transcranial Doppler ultrasound.

Results:
Both athlete groups demonstrated no significant differences in PCA or MCA NVC dynamics between preseason and postseason, despite exposure to a median of 353.5 (range, 295.0-587.3) head impacts (>2g) over the course of the season for contact sport athletes.

Conclusions:
Within the context of growing concern over detrimental effects of repetitive subconcussive trauma, the current results encouragingly suggest that the dynamics of NVC responses are not affected by 1 season of participation in junior-level ice hockey or American football. This is an important finding because it indicates an appropriate postseason CBF response to elevated metabolic demand with increases in neural activity.
Leveraging Google Trends, Twitter, and Wikipedia to Investigate the Impact of a Celebrity's Death From Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Mahroum Naim , Bragazzi Nicola Luigi , Sharif Kassem , Gianfredi Vincenza , Nucci Daniele , Rosselli Roberto , Brigo Francesco , Adawi Mohammad , Amital Howard , Watad Abdulla 
Published: February 2018

Background
Technological advancements, such as patient-centered smartphone applications, have enabled to support self-management of the disease. Further, the accessibility to health information through the Internet has grown tremendously. This article aimed to investigate how big data can be useful to assess the impact of a celebrity's rheumatic disease on the public opinion.

Methods
Variable tools and statistical/computational approaches have been used, including massive data mining of Google Trends, Wikipedia, Twitter, and big data analytics. These tools were mined using an in-house script, which facilitated the process of data collection, parsing, handling, processing, and normalization.

Results
From Google Trends, the temporal correlation between “Anna Marchesini” and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) queries resulted 0.66 before Anna Marchesini's death and 0.90 after Anna Marchesini's death. The geospatial correlation between “Anna Marchesini” and RA queries resulted 0.45 before Anna Marchesini's death and 0.52 after Anna Marchesini's death. From Wikitrends, after Anna Marchesini's death, the number of accesses to Wikipedia page for RA has increased 5770%. From Twitter, 1979 tweets have been retrieved. Numbers of likes, retweets, and hashtags have increased throughout time.

Conclusions
Novel data streams and big data analytics are effective to assess the impact of a disease in a famous person on the laypeople.
Long-Term Skeletal Changes After Maxillary Distraction Osteogenesis in Growing Children With Cleft Lip/Palate
Authors: Liu Kai , Zhou Nuo 
Published: February 2018

Purpose:
To systematically evaluate the skeletal changes after maxillary distraction osteogenesis (DO) in growing patients with cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P).

Materials and methods:
Electronic databases, gray literature, and reference list searches were conducted. Articles reporting prospective and retrospective studies that included patients <16 years old (N ≥ 6) who had received DO surgery for correction of a midfacial hypoplasia due to CL/P, and the period of follow-up persisted >1 year were reviewed. The original articles were evaluated by 2 investigators to ensure that they met the selection criteria. A methodologic quality assessment tool was used to evaluate the quality of selected studies. Twenty-six studies met the initial search criteria, and 9 articles included 101 growing patients with maxillary hypoplasia due to CL/P who received DO surgery were finally selected and analyzed.

Results:
The results showed that long term after maxillary advancement with DO, the horizontal relapse in A-point was <15% in 3 studies, 20% to 25% in 1 study, 30% to 35% in 3 studies, and >40% in 1 study. Totally, the range of horizontal relapse in A-point was 11.9% to 45.9%. Similarly, the relapse in SNA angle was <30% in 1 study, 30% to 40% in 3 studies, and >40% in 2 studies. Totally, the range of relapse in SNA was 25.7% to 77%. Two studies showed that the vertical relapse in A-point were 137% and 208%, and in the PNS point were 65% and 62.7%.

Conclusion:
Although findings demonstrated that DO is an effective treatment method for severe maxillary hypoplasia in growing patients with CL/P, there is a relatively high amount of skeletal relapse both in horizontal and vertical dimension. Thus, the first proposed alternative for CL/P patients would be to select the correct primary procedure to decrease damage and avoid unnecessary scars. Then appropriate preoperative and postoperative care is necessary to prevent postoperative relapse. In addition, overcorrection also may be a possible alternative for compensation of postoperative relapse.
A Standard Operating Procedure of Clean and Fast Craniotomy Without Application of Raney Clips
Authors: Chen Songyu , Zhang Xin , Lin Fuxin , Xu Shujun , Li Xingang , Ma Xiangyu 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Clean and fast craniotomy and closure (CAC) is a fundamental part of modern microneurosurgery, and is an essential technique that young neurosurgeons shall master. The hemostatic instruments of CAC have evolved from forceps to raney clips. Thanks to the wide application of bipolar coagulation, local infiltration anesthesia combined with cauterization is become an effective method of hemostasis. The authors worked out a standard operating procedure (SOP) of CAC assisted by fishhooks without the application of raney clips. According to the authors’ experience, the average time spent on CAC decreased from more than 1 hour to <40 minutes. Owning to little bleeding, the operative field is clean throughout the procedure. Patients also experience less pain and enjoy an earlier discharge. With few complications, the authors believe that this cost-effective SOP may become a cornerstone of early recovery after surgery.
Modified Unilateral Pedicled V-Y Advancement Flap for Scalp Defect Repair
Authors: Shen Hua , Dai Xinyi , Chen Jun , Wang Jing , Zhang Zhaofen , Cai Zhengdong 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Reconstruction of scalp defects caused by tumor resection or trauma is very challenging. A majority of the surgeons prefer to use local flap rather than skin graft or free flap for scalp defects repair. The aim of this study is to investigate the technique of modified unilateral pedicled V-Y advancement flap for the reconstruction of scalp defect.
A retrospective review was performed in a series of 18 patients who had a modified unilateral pedicled V-Y advancement flap to restore scalp defect from May 2013 to January 2017. Their mean age is 58 (24–78) years. These patients suffered from basal cell carcinoma, seborrhoeic keratosis, squamous cell carcinoma, or trauma on the scalp. All of them underwent preoperative Doppler scanning to identify the scalp arteries and then individually designed. The flap size ranged from 33 × 50 mm to 68 × 105 mm. Patients were followed for an average of 12 months postoperatively (ranged from 6 to 37 months). No major complications occurred, only 2 cases had a minor distal epidermal necrosis or obstruction of venous backflow observed for the first 3 days of the surgery, and they both healed well. Modified unilateral pedicled V-Y flap technique with fairly rapid recovery and acceptable reorientation of hair follicles leads to esthetical outcome and patient satisfaction. Most importantly, no tumor recurrence at the original site during the follow-up period was seen.
The modified unilateral pedicled V-Y advancement flap is a simple but efficient technique, particularly suitable for the repair of small and medium size scalp defects with advantages including the safety of the procedure and overall esthetic results like hairline preservation and less scarring when compared to other local flap techniques.
Septic Shock Alters Mitochondrial Respiration of Lymphoid Cell-Lines and Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells: The Role of Plasma
Authors: Clere-Jehl Raphael , Helms Julie , Kassem Mohamad , Le Borgne Pierrick , Delabranche Xavier , Charles Anne-Laure , Geny Bernard , Meziani Ferhat , Bilbault Pascal 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
In septic shock patients, postseptic immunosuppression state after the systemic inflammatory response syndrome is responsible for nosocomial infections, with subsequent increased mortality. The aim of the present study was to assess the underlying cellular mechanisms of the postseptic immunosuppression state, by investigating mitochondrial functions of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from septic shock patients over 7 days.

Materials and methods:
Eighteen patients admitted to a French intensive care unit for septic shock were included. At days 1 and 7, PBMCs were isolated by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation. Mitochondrial respiration of intact septic PBMCs was assessed versus control group PBMCs, by measuring O2 consumption in plasma, using high-resolution respirometry. Mitochondrial respiration was then compared between septic plasmas and control plasmas for control PBMCs, septic PBMCs, and lymphoid cell-line (CEM). To investigate the role of plasma, we measured several plasma cytokines, among them High-Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1), by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.

Results:
Basal O2 consumption of septic shock PBMCs was of 8.27 ± 3.39 and 10.48 ± 3.99 pmol/s/106 cells at days 1 and 7, respectively, significantly higher than in control PBMCs (5.37 ± 1.46 pmol/s/106 cells, P < 0.05). Septic patient PBMCs showed a lower response to oligomycin, suggesting a reduced ATP-synthase activity, as well as an increased response to carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone (FCCP) suggesting an increased mitochondrial respiratory capacity. At 6 h, septic plasmas showed a decreased O2 consumption of CEM (4.73 ± 1.46 vs. 6.58 ± 1.53, P < 0.05) as well as in control group PBMCs (1.76 ± 0.36 vs. 2.70 ± 0.42, P < 0.05), and triggered a decreased ATP-synthase activity but an increased response to FCCP. These differences are not explained by different cell survival. High HMGB1 levels were significantly associated with reduced PBMCs mitochondrial respiration.

Conclusions:
Septic plasma impairs mitochondrial respiration in immune cells, with a possible role of the proinflammatory protein HMGB1, leading to a subsequent compensation, probably by enzymatic activation. This compensation result is an improvement of global mitochondrial respiratory capacity, but without restoring ATP-synthase activity.
Prognostic Value of The Lactate/Albumin Ratio for Predicting 28-Day Mortality in Critically ILL Sepsis Patients
Authors: Shin Jikyoung , Hwang Sung Yeon , Jo Ik Joon , Kim Won Young , Ryoo Seung Mok , Kang Gu Hyun , Kim Kyuseok , Jo You Hwan , Chung Sung Phil , Joo Young Seon , Beom Jin Ho , Yoon Young Hoon , Han Kap Su , Lim Tae Ho , Choi Han Sung , Kwon Woon Yong , Suh Gil Joon , Choi Sung-Hyuk , Shin Tae Gun 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Aim:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical utility of the lactate/albumin (L/A) ratio as a predictive factor of 28-day mortality in critically ill sepsis patients.

Methods:
This is a retrospective observational study from a prospectively collected multicenter registry of 10 emergency departments (EDs) in teaching hospitals that participated in the Korean Shock Society. It enrolled patients who were 19 years of age or older who had a suspected or confirmed infection and evidence of refractory hypotension or hypoperfusion. The prognostic performance of the L/A ratio and lactate level for predicting 28-day mortality was assessed. Lactate and albumin levels were measured immediately after ED arrival.

Results:
A total of 946 patients were included, with 22.5% overall 28-day mortality. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) value of the L/A ratio (0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.64–0.73, P < 0.01) was higher than that of lactate (0.65, 95% CI 0.61–0.70, P < 0.01) for predicting 28-day mortality. The optimal cutoff of the L/A ratio was 1.32. The AUROC value of the L/A ratio was better than that of lactate regardless of lactate level (normal [<2.0 mmol/L]: 0.68 vs. 0.55; intermediate [≥2.0, < 4.0 mmol/L]: 0.65 vs. 0.50; high [≥4.0 mmol/L]: 0.66 vs. 0.62). In the subgroup with decreased lactate elimination, the AUROC value of the L/A ratio was also significantly higher than that of lactate (hepatic dysfunction: 0.70 vs. 0.66; renal dysfunction: 0.71 vs. 0.67). The L/A ratio cut-off and hypoalbminemia showed further discriminative value for 28-day mortality even in patients with normal or intermediate lactate levels.

Conclusions:
The prognostic performance of the L/A ratio was superior to that of a single lactate measurement for predicting 28-day mortality of critically ill sepsis patients. L/A ratio can be a useful prognostic factor regardless of initial lactate level and the presence of hepatic or renal dysfunction.
Metabarcoding lake sediments: taphonomy and representation of contemporary vegetation in environmental DNA (eDNA) records
Authors: Alsos Inger Greve , Lammers Youri , Yoccoz Nigel Giles , Jørgensen Tina , Sjögren Per , Gielly Ludovic , Edwards Mary E. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMetabarcoding of lake sediments may reveal current and past biodiversity, but little is known about the degree to which taxa growing in the vegetation are represented in environmental DNA (eDNA) records. We analysed composition of lake and catchment vegetation and vascular plant eDNA at 11 lakes in northern Norway. Out of 489 records of taxa growing within 2 m from the lake shore, 17-49% (mean 31%) of the identifiable taxa recorded were detected with eDNA. Of the 217 eDNA records, 73% and 12% matched taxa recorded in vegetation surveys within 2 m and up to about 50 m away from the lakeshore, respectively, whereas 16% were not recorded in the vegetation surveys of the same lake. The latter include taxa likely overlooked in the vegetation surveys or growing outside the survey area. The percentages detected were 61, 47, 25, and 15 for dominant, common, scattered, and rare taxa, respectively. Similar numbers for aquatic plants were 88, 88, 33 and 62%, respectively. Detection rate and taxonomic resolution varied among plant families and functional groups with good detection of e.g. Ericaceae, Roseaceae, deciduous trees, ferns, club mosses and aquatics. The representation of terrestrial taxa in eDNA depends on both their distance from the sampling site and their abundance and is sufficient for recording vegetation types. For aquatic vegetation, eDNA may be comparable with, or even superior to, in-lake vegetation surveys and therefore be used as an tool for biomonitoring. For reconstruction of terrestrial vegetation, technical improvements and more intensive sampling is needed to detect a higher proportion of rare taxa although DNA of some taxa may never reach the lake sediments due to taphonomical constrains. Nevertheless, eDNA performs similar to conventional methods of pollen and macrofossil analyses and may therefore be an important tool for reconstruction of past vegetation.
The intestinal microbiota predisposes to traveller’s diarrhoea and to the carriage of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae after travelling to tropical regions
Authors: Leo Stefano , Lazarevic Vladimir , Gaïa Nadia , Estellat Candice , Girard Myriam , Matheron Sophie , Armand-Lefèvre Laurence , Andremont Antoine ,   The VOYAG-R Study Group, Andremont Antoine , Armand-Lefèvre Laurence , Bouchaud Olivier , Boussadia Yacine , Campa Pauline , Coignard Bruno , Consigny Paul-Henri , Mniai Assiya El , Esposito-Farèse Marina , Estellat Candice , Girard Pierre-Marie , Goujon Catherine , Hoffmann Isabelle , Le Loup Guillaume , Lucet Jean-Christophe , Matheron Sophie , Moussa Nabila , Perrier Marion , Pialoux Gilles , Ralaimazava Pascal , Ruppè Etienne , Vittecoq Daniel , Wieder Ingrid , Wyplosz Benjamin , Schrenzel Jacques , Ruppé Etienne 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe risk of acquisition of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (MRE) and of occurrence of diarrhoea is high when travelling to tropical regions. The relationships between these phenomena and the composition of human gut microbiota have not yet been assessed. Here, we investigated the dynamics of changes of metabolically active microbiota by sequencing total RNA from faecal samples taken before and after travel to tropical regions. We found that the occurrence of diarrhoea during the travel was associated with a higher relative abundance of Prevotella copri before departure and after return. The composition of microbiota, before travel as well as at return, was not correlated with the acquisition of MRE. However, the clearance of MRE one month after return was linked to a specific pattern of bacterial species that was also found before and after return.
Population coupling predicts the plasticity of stimulus responses in cortical circuits
Authors: Sweeney Yann , Clopath Claudia 
Published: February 2018

AbstractLong-term imaging of sensory cortex reveals a diverse range of stimulus response stability: some neurons retain stimulus responses that are stable over days whereas other neurons have highly plastic stimulus responses. Using a recurrent network model, we explore whether this observation could be due to an underlying diversity in the synaptic plasticity of neurons. We find that, in a network with diverse learning rates, neurons with fast rates are more coupled to population activity than neurons with slow rates. This phenomenon, which we call a plasticity-coupling link, surprisingly predicts that neurons with high population coupling exhibit more long-term stimulus response variability than neurons with low population coupling. We substantiate this prediction using recordings from the Allen Brain Observatory which track the orientation preferences of 15,000 neurons in mouse visual cortex. In agreement with our model, a neuron’s population coupling is correlated with the plasticity of its orientation preference. Finally, we show that high population coupling helps plastic neurons alter their stimulus preference during a simple perceptual learning task, but hinders the ability of stable neurons to provide an instructive signal for learning. This suggests a particular functional architecture: a stable ‘backbone’ of stimulus representation formed by neurons with slow synaptic plasticity and low population coupling, on top of which lies a flexible substrate of neurons with fast synaptic plasticity and high population coupling.
SV-plaudit: A cloud-based framework for manually curating thousands of structural variants
Authors: Belyeu Jonathan R. , Nicholas Thomas J. , Pedersen Brent S. , Sasani Thomas A. , Havrilla James M. , Kravitz Stephanie N. , Conway Megan E. , Lohman Brian K. , Quinlan Aaron R. , Layer Ryan M. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTSV-plaudit is a framework for rapidly curating structural variant (SVs) predictions. For each SV, we generate an image that visualizes the coverage and alignment signals from a set of samples. Images are uploaded to our cloud framework where users assess the quality of each image using a client-side web application. Reports can then be generated as a tab-delimited file or annotated VCF. As a proof of principle, nine researchers collaborated for one hour to evaluate 1,350 SVs each. We anticipate that SV-plaudit will become a standard step in variant calling pipelines and the crowd-sourced curation of other biological results.Code available at https://github.com/jbelyeu/SV-plauditDemonstration video available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ono8kHMKxDs
End-to-end differentiable learning of protein structure
Authors: AlQuraishi Mohammed 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPredicting protein structure from sequence is a central challenge of biochemistry. Co‐evolution methods show promise, but an explicit sequence‐to‐structure map remains elusive. Advances in deep learning that replace complex, human‐designed pipelines with differentiable models optimized end‐to‐end suggest the potential benefits of similarly reformulating structure prediction. Here we report the first end‐to‐end differentiable model of protein structure. The model couples local and global protein structure via geometric units that optimize global geometry without violating local covalent chemistry. We test our model using two challenging tasks: predicting novel folds without co‐evolutionary data and predicting known folds without structural templates. In the first task the model achieves state‐of‐the‐art accuracy and in the second it comes within 1‐2Å; competing methods using co‐evolution and experimental templates have been refined over many years and it is likely that the differentiable approach has substantial room for further improvement, with applications ranging from drug discovery to protein design.
Homogenization of species composition and species association networks are decoupled
Authors: Li Daijiang , Poisot Timothée , Waller Donald , Baiser Benjamin 
Published: February 2018

AbstractEcological communities are comprised of both species and the biotic relationships among them. Biotic homogenization in species composition (i.e. increased site-to-site similarity) is recognized a common consequence of global change, but less is known about how species relationships change over space and time. Does homogenization of species composition lead to homogenization of species relationships or are the dynamics of species relationships decoupled from changes in species composition? To answer this question, we used long-term resurvey data to analyze changes in plant species association patterns between the 1950s and 2000s at 266 sites distributed among three community types in Wisconsin, USA. We used species associations (quantified via local co-occurrence patterns) as a proxy for species relationships. Species pairs that co-occur more/less than expected by chance have positive/negative associations. Shifts in species associations consistently exceeded the shifts observed in species composition. Less disturbed forests of northern Wisconsin have converged somewhat in species composition but not much in species associations. In contrast, forests in central Wisconsin succeeding from pine barrens to closed-canopy forests have strongly homogenized in both species composition and species associations. More fragmented forests in southern Wisconsin also tended to converge in species composition and in the species negative associations, but their positive associations diverged over the last half century. We conclude that long-term shifts in species relationships may be decoupled from those of species composition despite being affected by similar environmental variables.