bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
[Noteridae, Dytiscidae (Coleoptera) of Gabon (11th part). Birougou Monts National Park (mission 2016)]
Authors: Bilardo Armando , Rocchi Saverio 
Published: February 2018

[Article in French]
This work concerns the Coleoptera Hydradephaga collected in several sites of the Birougou Monts National Park (Republic of Gabon), in which altogether 67 species are listed (4 Noteridae and 63 Dytiscidae). The authors describe 6 new species (1 Noteridae and 5 Dytiscidae): Canthydrus lepidus (notula group) distinguishable from other african species for elytral drawing and for shape of penis; Hyphydrus simulans (opaculus group) close to H. congoanus Biström, 1982 and H. ntsa Bilardo & Rocchi, 2008, distinguishable for shape of penis; Liodessus contractipenis distinguishable for shape of penis clearly different from all other species know for Africa; Copelatus apicinotatus (erichsonii group, atrosulcatus subgroup) close to bottegoi Régimbart, 1895 and distinguishable chiefly for shape of penis; Copelatus birougouensis (haemorrhoidalis, group, ferruginicollis subgroup, sensu Guignot, 1961 = hydroporoides group, sensu Nilsson and Hájek, 2017) with penis different that one other all african species know of group; Hydaticus (Prodaticus) lepemangoyei (leander group, leander subgroup) close to H. arcuatus Régimbart, 1895 and H. matruelis Clark, 1864, distinguishable for more width of body and for shape of penis. Besides observations concerning some of the collected species are furnished.
A linguistic stylistic study of Wole Soyinka’s Night and Death in the Dawn
Authors: Udeze Nneoma , Udeze Chinenye , Orji Dereck-M.A. 
Published: February 2018

Linguistic stylistics explores the linguistic features of a text; it is primarily concerned with the use of language and its effect in a text. This study is aimed at analyzing the language structure/system of Wole Soyinka’s ‘Night’ and ‘Death in the Dawn’ to render a linguistic description, that is, identifying the linguistic deviant features of Soyinka’s poems and describing how they deviated from the known rules to create effect. Some aspects of Niazi & Gautam’s (2010) framework, as well as Onwukwe’s (2012) concept of foregrounded irregularities at the lexical, syntactic and semantic levels were adopted in the analysis of the data collected from a selection of deviant words and structures in the poems. Findings reveal that the syntactic level has the most deviant structures while the lexical level has the least deviant lexemes and that the language system of Wole Soyinka’s poems deviated in ways that make words: violate the class to which they originally belong, inflect words which do not require inflections, create compounds not seen in the lexicon of the language, make structures violate the selectional restriction and category rule and give rise to figurative language. In conclusion, the choice of words in a literary work is very important as it creates certain effects on the readers of that work which is what Soyinka accomplished by deviating from the known linguistic norms. This research hopes to contribute to the understanding of Soyinka’s poems and serve as a reference point for scholars who wish to carry out a similar research.
The protectionist’s progress: year 1
Authors: Dadush Uri 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
President Trump’s actions on trade have not quite matched his rhetoric, but the worst may be to come. Though the political opposition to his protectionism is formidable, so are his conviction and determination and he possesses a wide array of instruments to pursue his goals. The trade doctrine he has espoused makes for trade policy instability both at home and abroad. It may lead to a large deterioration in the operating environment of international business. America’s trade-dependent industries and her trading partners should not wait. They need to anticipate and deter the administration’s actions. Policies must be adjusted to minimize the damage to world trade.
An inversion of fine particulate matter (PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt;) mass concentrations based on the air quality index (AQI) during dust prone periods in Hotan oasis, Sinkiang
Authors: Chunyan Ju , Zili Zhang , Xu Zhou , Qing He 
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Ambient air pollution has been implicated as a major environmental problem in Urban development process. The objective of this publication is to analyse deeply the correlation coefficient of PM2.5 and AOD and aerosol optical depth (AOD). Surface PM2.5 observation data and AOD were investigated from March to June in 2015 and 2016. Hourly PM2.5 data are sampled from air quality monitoring stations in Hotan oasis. The AOD data are derived from Terra and Aqua at 10 km resolution. The satellite passed the area at about 13:30 AM and 15:30 PM，respectively．By using the matched PM2.5 and AOD data，the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics are discussed, and the correlation coefficient of PM2.5 versus AOD are estimated. The results show that PM2.5 mass concentration and AOD vary greatly in different pollution weather. This phenomenon may be associated with data collection time, and other meteorological factors. Regression analysis based on typical air pollution show subsection fitting effect is relatively good choice, and regression is relatively well in Hazardous and serious pollution weather. Fitting analysis is good for PM2.5 in different level of air pollution, and sources and pollutants transmission have difference.
How serious a problem is subsoil compaction in the Netherlands? A survey based on probability sampling
Authors: Brus Dick J. , van den Akker Jan J. H. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Although soil compaction is widely recognized as a soil threat to soil
resources, reliable estimates of the acreage of overcompacted soil and
of the level of soil compaction parameters are not available. In the
Netherlands data on subsoil compaction were collected at 128 locations
selected by stratified random sampling. A map showing the risk of
subsoil compaction in five classes was used for
stratification. Measurements of bulk density, porosity, clay content
and organic matter content were used to compute the relative bulk
density and relative porosity, both expressed as a fraction of
a threshold value. A subsoil was classified as overcompacted if either
the relative bulk density exceeded 1 or the relative porosity was below
1. The sample data were used to estimate the means of the two subsoil
compaction parameters and the overcompacted areal fraction. The
estimated global means of relative bulk density and relative porosity
were 0.946 and 1.090, respectively. The estimated areal fraction of
the Netherlands with overcompacted subsoils was 43 %. The
estimates per risk map unit showed two groups of map units: a “low-risk ” group (units 1 and 2, covering only 4.6 % of the total
area) and a “high-risk” group (units 3, 4 and 5). The estimated areal
fraction of overcompacted subsoil was 0 % in the low-risk
unit and 47 % in the high-risk unit. The map contains no
information about where overcompacted subsoils occur. This was caused
by the poor association of the risk map units 3, 4 and 5 with the
subsoil compaction parameters and subsoil overcompaction. This can be
explained by the lack of time for recuperation.
Arab EFL Learners’ Identification of English Sentence Patterns
Authors: Alhussain Aisha M. 
Published: February 2018

The article investigated if a significant relationship existed between Arab EFL learners’ and the English sentence pattern identified. The participants were 64 third-year college students studying in the Department of Linguistics at Princess Nourah University, Saudi Arabia. They were assigned 28 literary texts and asked to derive examples for each of the nine sentence patterns listed in Stageberg (1981). An ANOVA test at alpha level P 0.05 and a post hoc test were used to analyze data. The findings of the study showed a highly significant result at p between participants’ performance and the pattern identified. Seven levels of difficulty were identified, where Pattern 1 was the easiest and Pattern 8 was the most difficult. The main components of each English sentence pattern were also investigated to find possible sources of difficulty, such as the use of the copula; transitive, intransitive, and ditransitive verbs; dative case; and double object structure. The denoting of referents, dative case, and double object structures were found to be the main sources of difficulty.
Near‐Bed Turbulent Kinetic Energy Budget Under a Large‐Scale Plunging Breaking Wave Over a Fixed Bar
Authors: van der Zanden Joep , van der A Dominic A. , Cáceres Iván , Hurther David , McLelland Stuart J. , Ribberink Jan S. , O'Donoghue Tom 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHydrodynamics under regular plunging breaking waves over a fixed breaker bar were studied in a large‐scale wave flume. A previous paper reported on the outer flow hydrodynamics; the present paper focuses on the turbulence dynamics near the bed (up to 0.10 m from the bed). Velocities were measured with high spatial and temporal resolution using a two component laser Doppler anemometer. The results show that even at close distance from the bed (1 mm), the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) increases by a factor five between the shoaling, and breaking regions because of invasion of wave breaking turbulence. The sign and phase behavior of the time‐dependent Reynolds shear stresses at elevations up to approximately 0.02 m from the bed (roughly twice the elevation of the boundary layer overshoot) are mainly controlled by local bed‐shear‐generated turbulence, but at higher elevations Reynolds stresses are controlled by wave breaking turbulence. The measurements are subsequently analyzed to investigate the TKE budget at wave‐averaged and intrawave time scales. Horizontal and vertical turbulence advection, production, and dissipation are the major terms. A two‐dimensional wave‐averaged circulation drives advection of wave breaking turbulence through the near‐bed layer, resulting in a net downward influx in the bar trough region, followed by seaward advection along the bar's shoreward slope, and an upward outflux above the bar crest. The strongly nonuniform flow across the bar combined with the presence of anisotropic turbulence enhances turbulent production rates near the bed.
Lasting Impact of a Tsunami Event on Sediment‐Organism Interactions in the Ocean
Authors: Seike Koji , Sassa Shinji , Shirai Kotaro , Kubota Kaoru 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAlthough tsunami sedimentation is a short‐term phenomenon, it may control the long‐term benthic environment by altering seafloor surface characteristics such as topography and grain‐size composition. By analyzing sediment cores, we investigated the long‐term effect of the 2011 tsunami generated by the Tohoku Earthquake off the Pacific coast of Japan on sediment mixing (bioturbation) by an important ecosystem engineer, the heart urchin Echinocardium cordatum. Recent tsunami deposits allow accurate estimation of the depth of current bioturbation by E. cordatum, because there are no preexisting burrows in the sediments. The in situ hardness of the substrate decreased significantly with increasing abundance of E. cordatum, suggesting that echinoid bioturbation softens the seafloor sediment. Sediment‐core analysis revealed that this echinoid rarely burrows into the coarser‐grained (medium‐grained to coarse‐grained) sandy layer deposited by the 2011 tsunami; thus, the vertical grain‐size distribution resulting from tsunami sedimentation controls the depth of E. cordatum bioturbation. As sandy tsunami layers are preserved in the seafloor substrate, their restriction on bioturbation continues for an extended period. The results demonstrate that understanding the effects on seafloor processes of extreme natural events that occur on geological timescales, including tsunami events, is important in revealing continuing interactions between seafloor sediments and marine benthic invertebrates.
Noise Characteristics of High‐Rate Multi‐GNSS for Subdaily Crustal Deformation Monitoring
Authors: Geng Jianghui , Pan Yuanxin , Li Xiaotao , Guo Jiang , Liu Jingnan , Chen Xianchun , Zhang Yong 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHigh‐rate GPS (Global Positioning System) has the potential to record crustal motions on a wide subdaily timescale from seconds to hours but usually fails to capture subtle deformations which are often overwhelmed by the centimeter noise of epoch‐wise GPS displacements. We hence investigated high‐rate multi‐GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) by processing 1 Hz GPS/GLONASS/BeiDou data at 15 static stations over 24 days and also those from the 8 August 2017 Jiuzhaigou Mw 6.5 earthquake. In contrast to high‐rate GPS, its further integration with GLONASS/BeiDou reduces near uniformly the power spectral densities (PSDs) of 1 Hz displacement noise by 4–6 dB over the periods from a few seconds to half of a day, and orbital repeat time (ORT) filtering on all GNSS further again leads to a 2 more decibel decline of the PSDs over the periods of a few tens of seconds to minutes. BeiDou ORT filtering, however, takes effect mainly on the periods of over 2,000 s due to the high altitudes of Inclined Geosynchronous Satellite Orbiters/Geosynchronous Earth Orbiters. Multi‐GNSS integration is on average as effective as GPS ORT filtering in reducing PSDs for the periods of a few tens of seconds to minutes while desirably can further decrease the PSDs on almost all other periods by 3–4 dB thanks to the enhanced satellite geometry. We conclude that the introduction of more GNSS into high‐rate solutions and its augmentation by ORT filtering benefit the discrimination of slight deformations over a broad subdaily frequency band.
3D Local Manipulation of the Metal–Insulator Transition Behavior in VO2 Thin Film by Defect‐Induced Lattice Engineering
Authors: Jia Qi , Grenzer Jörg , He Huabing , Anwand Wolfgang , Ji Yanda , Yuan Ye , Huang Kai , You Tiangui , Yu Wenjie , Ren Wei , Chen Xinzhong , Liu Mengkun , Facsko Stefan , Wang Xi , Ou Xin 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe ability to manipulate the metal–insulator transition (MIT) of metal oxides is of critical importance for fundamental investigations of electron correlations and practical implementations of power efficient tunable electrical and optical devices. Most of the existing techniques including chemical doping and epitaxial strain modification can only modify the global transition temperature, while the capability to locally manipulate MIT is still lacking for developing highly integrated functional devices. Here, lattice engineering induced by the energetic noble gas ion allowing a 3D local manipulation of the MIT in VO2 films is demonstrated and a spatial resolution laterally within the micrometer scale is reached. Ion‐induced open volume defects efficiently modify the lattice constants of VO2 and consequently reduce the MIT temperature continuously from 341 to 275 K. According to a density functional theory calculation, the effect of lattice constant variation reduces the phase change energy barrier and therefore triggers the MIT at a much lower temperature. VO2 films with multiple transitions in both in‐plane and out‐of‐plane dimensions can be achieved by implantation through a shadow mask or multienergy implantation. Based on this method, temperature‐controlled VO2 metasurface structure is demonstrated by tuning only locally the MIT behavior on the VO2 surfaces.
Wasser‐Hochflussmembranen auf Basis der kovalenten organischen Gerüststruktur COF‐LZU1 für die Farbstoffabtrennung durch Nanofiltration
Authors: Fan Hongwei , Gu Jiahui , Meng Hong , Knebel Alexander , Caro Jürgen 
Published: February 2018

AbstractKovalente organische Gerüststrukturen (COFs) sind aufgrund ihrer hohen Porosität und der kristallographisch bestimmten Molekularsiebstruktur attraktive Materialien für die Wasserbehandlung mit Membranen. Hier wurde eine kontinuierliche zweidimensionale Imin‐verknüpfte COF‐LZU1‐Membran mit einer Dicke von nur 400 nm auf Aluminiumoxidröhren als Träger durch ein In‐situ‐Solvothermal‐Syntheseverfahren entwickelt. Die Membran zeigt eine ausgezeichnete Wasserpermeanz (760 L m−2 h−1 MPa−1) und einen guten Rückhalt von über 90 % für wasserlösliche Farbstoffe mit einer Größe >1.2 nm. Die Wasserdurchlässigkeit der COF‐LZU1‐Membran ist viel höher als die der meisten Membranen mit ähnlichem Rückhalt. Im Langzeitbetrieb zeigt sich die herausragende Stabilität der COF‐LZU1‐Membran. Da die Membran keine Selektivität für hydratisierte Salzionen aufweist (Selektivität <12 %), ist sie auch zur Abtrennung von makromolekularen Farbstoffen aus salzhaltigem Wasser geeignet. Diese sehr guten Nanofiltrationsleistungen kombiniert mit hoher Stabilität machen die COF‐LZU1‐Membran interessant für die Wasserreinigung.
Materialkennwerte einer historischen Stahlbetonbrücke
Authors: Steinbock Oliver , Curbach Manfred 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDie Bestimmung und Festlegung der Materialfestigkeiten von Baustoffen beim Bauen im Bestand sind seit längerer Zeit ein Forschungsschwerpunkt Prof. Schnells, dem dieser Beitrag gewidmet ist. Mit den jüngst erschienenen Heften der Schriftenreihe des Deutschen Ausschusses für Stahlbeton (Hefte 616 und 619) wurde dem praktizierenden Ingenieur das notwendige Material zur Bestimmung von Materialfestigkeiten und somit für die ingenieurmäßige Bewertung von Bestandsbauten bereitgestellt. Im Rahmen eines bautechnikhistorischen Forschungsvorhabens zum Bauingenieur und Hochschullehrer Willy Gehler wurde u. a. die bis dato vermutlich älteste Eisenbetonbrücke Mitteldeutschlands nach der Bauweise Hennebique ausfindig gemacht. Die Brücke wurde im Jahr 2016 aufgrund eines zu kleinen Durchflussquerschnitts abgerissen, bot in diesem Zusammenhang aber zumindest die Möglichkeit, umfangreiches Probenmaterial zu erhalten. Folgender Beitrag stellt einerseits die Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen zu den Materialfestigkeiten dar und diskutiert andererseits die Schwierigkeit bei der Festlegung von Eingangswerten für die Nachrechnung.
Structural Diversity and Anticancer Activity of Marine‐Derived Elastase Inhibitors: Key Features and Mechanisms Mediating the Antimetastatic Effects in Invasive Breast Cancer
Authors: Al‐Awadhi Fatma H. , Paul Valerie J. , Luesch Hendrik 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThree new 3‐amino‐6‐hydroxy‐2‐piperidone (Ahp)‐containing cyclic depsipeptides, named loggerpeptins A–C (1–3), along with molassamide (4), were discovered from a marine cyanobacterium, extending the structural diversity of this prevalent scaffold of cyanobacterial serine protease inhibitors. Molassamide, which contains a 2‐amino‐butenoic (Abu) unit in the cyclic core, was the most potent and selective analogue against human neutrophil elastase (HNE). Given the growing evidence supporting the role of HNE in breast cancer progression and metastasis, we assessed the cellular effects of compounds 3 and 4 in the context of targeting invasive breast cancer. Both compounds inhibited cleavage of the elastase substrate CD40 in biochemical assays; however, only 4 exhibited significant cellular activity. As CD40 and other receptor proteolytic processing culminates in NFκB activation, we assessed the effects of 4 on the expression of target genes, including ICAM‐1. ICAM‐1 is also a direct target of elastase and, in our studies, compound 4 attenuated both elastase‐induced ICAM‐1 gene expression and ICAM‐1 proteolytic processing by elastase, revealing a potential dual effect on migration through modulation of gene expression and proteolytic processing. Molassamide also specifically inhibited the elastase‐mediated migration of highly invasive triple‐negative breast cancer cells.
Metal Catalysts for the Efficient Transformation of Biomass‐derived HMF and Furfural to Value Added Chemicals
Authors: Gupta Kavita , Rai Rohit K. , Singh Sanjay K. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCatalytic transformation of biomass‐derived compounds to different platform chemicals and liquid fuel is a prominent way to reduce the global dependence on fossil resources. In past few decades, biomass‐derived furans such as 2‐furfuraldehyde (furfural) and 5‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐furfural (HMF) have received outstanding attention because of their wide applications in the production of various industrially important value‐added chemicals and fuel components. Various catalytic systems and methodologies have been extensively explored for the transformation of these furans to a wide range of products including open ring diketones, ketoacids, alcohols and long chain alkanes. This Review is aimed to provide an extensive overview of the recent developments of several high‐performing heterogeneous catalysts for the catalytic upgradation of the key biomass‐derived furans (furfural and HMF) to value‐added chemicals. Moreover, the role of these catalysts in the catalytic transformations including hydrogenation, decarbonylation, oxidation, hydrogenolysis and ring opening reactions, and the mechanistic pathways are also highlighted in this Review.
Microfabricated Probes for Studying Brain Chemistry: A Review
Authors: Ngernsutivorakul Thitaphat , White Thomas S. , Kennedy Robert T. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractProbe techniques for monitoring in vivo chemistry (e.g., electrochemical sensors and microdialysis sampling probes) have significantly contributed to a better understanding of neurotransmission in correlation to behaviors and neurological disorders. Microfabrication allows construction of neural probes with high reproducibility, scalability, design flexibility, and multiplexed features. This technology has translated well into fabricating miniaturized neurochemical probes for electrochemical detection and sampling. Microfabricated electrochemical probes provide a better control of spatial resolution with multisite detection on a single compact platform. This development allows the observation of heterogeneity of neurochemical activity precisely within the brain region. Microfabricated sampling probes are starting to emerge that enable chemical measurements at high spatial resolution and potential for reducing tissue damage. Recent advancement in analytical methods also facilitates neurochemical monitoring at high temporal resolution. Furthermore, a positive feature of microfabricated probes is that they can be feasibly built with other sensing and stimulating platforms including optogenetics. Such integrated probes will empower researchers to precisely elucidate brain function and develop novel treatments for neurological disorders.
Size‐Dependent Phase Separation in Emulsion Droplets
Authors: Man Jia , Chien Steven , Liang Shuaishuai , Li Jiang , Chen Haosheng 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPhase separation occurs in emulsion droplets containing poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), glycerol, and ethanol to form a glycerol‐in‐PEGDA structure, and the phase separation process is found to depend on the droplet size. The mechanism of this size‐dependent phase separation is dependent on the droplet sizes changing the phase separation time by changing the evaporation speed of mutual solvent ethanol, and the relationship between the separation time T and the droplet diameter D is derived as T≈D2, which has been validated by experiment results. According to this finding, the structures of the droplets can be designed by applying UV curing at different stages of the phase separation, and the monodispersity of droplets is necessary to achieve polymerized particles with the same structure.