bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepato‐splanchnic circulatory stress: An important effect of hemodialysis
Authors: Grant Claire J. , Huang Shih‐Han S. , McIntyre Chris W. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe gastro‐intestinal tract is being increasingly recognized as the site of key pathophysiological processes in the hemodialysis patient. Intestinal dysbiosis, increased intraluminal toxin production, and increased intestinal permeability are commonly observed processes which contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and thus elevated mortality. The acute circulatory effects of dialysis itself may contribute significantly to the development of gastrointestinal dysfunction as a result of both local and distant effects. Additionally, the liver, a relatively unknown entity in this process, has a substantial role as a functional barrier between the portal and systemic circulation and in the metabolism of pathogenic gut‐derived uremic toxins. Here we summarize the evidence for acute gastro‐intestinal and hepatic effects of hemodialysis and identify gaps in knowledge to date which require further study.
Involving research‐invested clinicians in data collection affects injury incidence in youth football
Authors: Wik Eirik Halvorsen , Materne Olivier , Chamari Karim , Duque Juan David Peña , Horobeanu Cosmin , Salcinovic Benjamin , Bahr Roald , Johnson Amanda 
Published: April 2019

It is well established that differences in injury definition and recording methodology restrict comparisons between injury surveillance programmes. There is, however, little documentation of the variation that can exist between data recorders. The aim of this study was, therefore, to explore the effect on reported injuries when team recorders or supervisors are involved in research. Injury data collected prospectively over five seasons for the U16, U17, and U18 age groups in a youth football (soccer) academy were used to compare different recording settings based on the research involvement of the clinicians. A research‐invested team physiotherapist reported an 8.8 times greater incidence (P < 0.001) of non‐time‐loss injuries and a 2.5 times greater incidence (P < 0.001) of minimal injuries (1‐3 days lost) compared to a setting where neither the team physiotherapists nor the supervisor relied on the collected data for research purposes. When team physiotherapists were not invested in research themselves but were supervised by a researcher, the incidence of non‐time‐loss injuries and minimal injuries was 2.5 times (P < 0.001) and 2.0 times greater (P < 0.01) than in the non‐invested setting, respectively. However, there were no differences between recording settings for overall incidence of time‐loss injuries. The results from this study demonstrate that involving clinicians that are relying on the collected data for research purposes can significantly affect the reported rates of non‐time‐loss and minimal injuries. Time‐loss injuries overall were not affected by research investment, and should therefore be preferred for comparisons between teams and seasons.
Exploratory study to evaluate two clinical methods for assessing moisturizing effect on skin barrier repair
Authors: Snatchfold Jane , Targett Darren 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundTwo clinical methods of assessing a moisturizer's effect on stratum corneum (SC) barrier repair were evaluated in female subjects with dry skin, to identify an assessment method for future studies.MethodsIn this single‐centre, split‐body study, women with dry skin applied moisturizer before (method A) or after (method B) SC barrier perturbation using D‐Squame® stripping discs. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and residual protein on D‐Squame discs were assessed over 14 days.ResultsTwenty‐four subjects were included. For method A, the mean slope values of plots of 1/TEWL vs cumulative protein removed decreased over time for both treated and untreated areas, indicating improved SC barrier quality. There were no significant differences between treated and untreated areas, although a trend to a more negative slope was observed by Day 14 in the treated areas (P = 0.082), suggesting treatment improved barrier quality. For method B, using pre‐ and post‐stripping as covariates, no statistical differences/trends were observed between treated and untreated areas for change in TEWL from post‐stripping to any evaluation from Days 3‐14. TEWL values returned towards pre‐stripping values for treated and untreated areas by the initial Day 3 evaluation.ConclusionFor method A, there were trends suggesting the moisturizing treatment improved SC barrier quality. For method B, there were no significant differences/trends between treated and untreated areas. Further assessment with different methodologies is warranted to design appropriate clinical protocols for evaluating accelerated skin barrier repair. These data are insufficient to conclude whether the product or methodology was responsible for the results.
Bismuth‐melt trails trapped in cassiterite–quartz veins
Authors: Guimarães Frederico Sousa , Cabral Alexandre Raphael , Lehmann Bernd , Rios Francisco Javier , Ávila Moisés Augusto Bacellar , de Castro Marco Paulo , Queiroga Gláucia Nascimento 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNative bismuth in the form of metallic melt has been considered instrumental to the formation of some metallic ore deposits via a mechanism dubbed the “Liquid Bismuth Collector Model.” Here, we provide petrographical documentation of trail‐forming, μm‐sized blebs of native bismuth in cassiterite–quartz veins from the Santa Bárbara greisen Sn deposit in the Rondônia tin province of northern Brazil. These inclusions suggest the trapping of a Bi melt that took place during vein formation, in a mechanism similar to the entrapment of fluid inclusions.
Sickle red blood cells are more susceptible to in vitro haemolysis when exposed to normal saline versus Plasma‐Lyte A
Authors: Blumberg Neil , Henrichs Kelly , Cholette Jill , Pietropaoli Anthony , Spinelli Sherry , Noronha Suzie , Phipps Richard , Refaai Majed A. 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundNormal saline has been the fluid of choice for resuscitation, rehydration and fluid replacement during plasma or red cell exchange/cytapheresis. There are increased concerns about its clinical effects and data showing it causes more haemolysis in vitro than buffered solutions such as Plasma‐Lyte A.MethodsWe investigated whether normal saline or Plasma‐Lyte A was associated with greater haemolysis during hours of in vitro incubation with both normal red cells and samples from patients with sickle cell anaemia.ResultsSickle red cells haemolysed more than normal red cells did in both crystalloid solutions. The results of 24‐hour exposure to saline were particularly striking (median of 163 mg/dl (IQ range 105–247) for sickle red cells vs. 53 (48–92) for normal red cells (P < 0·0001). In patient samples containing variable quantities of haemoglobin S red cells, increased haemoglobin S was associated with increased haemolysis. This effect was greater for normal saline than Plasma‐Lyte A (P = 0·12).ConclusionsThese in vitro models demonstrate that short‐term ex vivo exposure of sickle red cells to normal saline leads to greater haemolysis than short‐term exposure of normal red cells, and this effect is exacerbated by normal saline. Whether use of normal saline causes increased haemolysis in vivo is unknown. Given recent evidence that normal saline increases renal failure and mortality in critically ill patients, further studies are urgently needed.
Interacting geomorphic and ecological response of step-pool streams after wildfire
Authors: Chin Anne , Solverson Anna P. , O’Dowd Alison P. , Florsheim Joan L. , Kinoshita Alicia M. , Nourbakhshbeidokhti Samira , Sellers Samantha M. , Tyner Lauren , Gidley Rachel 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDetailed study of the response of step-pool mountain channels to wildfire is rare despite increasing vulnerability of these systems. This paper reports the initial biogeomorphic response of step-pool streams to storms following the 2012 Waldo Canyon Fire, Colorado, USA. Field surveys, benthic macroinvertebrate sampling, and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) terrestrial laser scanning through 2014 generated a substantial data set comparing changes within seven channels burned by a range of severity with three unburned reference reaches. Results showed that wildfire increased the susceptibility of step-pool channels to destabilize according to the severity of burn. Whereas the step-pool morphology (step height H, step length L, and H/L) remained relatively unchanged in unburned and low-severity burned channels—even through an extreme rainfall event with recurrence intervals up to 500–1000 years—study sites affected by high burn severity altered significantly following the first comparatively minor storms. Study channels burned by moderate severity exhibited variable responses ranging from minor to substantial morphological changes, suggesting that additional factors, including slope, local topography, and proximity to other highly disturbed sites may play explanatory roles. The ecological response corroborated the geomorphic findings, with data for benthic macroinvertebrates varying according to burn severity along with the changing post-fire step-pool morphology. Ordination analysis enabled data synthesis and showed that precipitation intensity (r = 0.59) and the severity of burn (r = 0.60) together influenced the interacting morphologic and ecological responses after the Waldo Canyon Fire. Variations in H (r = 0.72), L (r = 0.56), and thalweg elevation (r = 0.75) correlated the most with the types of benthic macroinvertebrates present. Following the Waldo Canyon Fire, the highest rainfall intensities coincidentally occurred over study sites in high-severity burn areas. Although disentangling the effects of rainfall intensity and burn severity proved difficult given this scenario, the interacting and complementary roles of burn severity and rainfall intensity likely led to the greatest morphologic and ecological impacts at those sites. Findings offer insights for the post-fire management of step-pool streams that characterize frequently burned mountain areas. As wildfires grow in frequency and magnitude under warming regimes, management becomes increasingly important for anticipating future changes in burned river landscapes, mitigating potential floods and hazards, and promoting sustainable river ecosystems.
Vimentin overexpression as a novel poor prognostic biomarker in eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma
Authors: Bhardwaj Mansi , Sen Seema , Chosdol Kunzang , Bakhshi Sameer , Pushker Neelam , Sharma Anjana , Kashyap Seema , Bajaj Mandeep S , Singh Vijay Kumar 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundVimentin is an intermediate-sized filament which is highly expressed in mesenchymal cells and is associated with epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT markers ZEB2 and Slug lead to Vimentin overexpression and E-cadherin loss, resulting in invasion and metastasis. However, the status of Vimentin remains unexplored in eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma (SGC). The study aims to determine status of Vimentin in SGC and its association with EMT markers E-cadherin, ZEB2 and Slug.MethodsVimentin protein expression was undertaken in 66 cases with SGC by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was determined in 42 fresh tissues by quantitative real-time PCR. Association of Vimentin with E-cadherin, ZEB2 and Slug was also analysed. Patients were followed up for 17–69 months (mean 34.02 ± 14.73 months).ResultsIHC revealed Vimentin overexpression in 37/66 (56%) cases. This overexpression showed significant association with lymph node metastasis (p=0.004) and pagetoid spread (p=0.05). Patients with high Vimentin expression also had poor disease-free survival (p=0.033). Univariate Cox regression model indicated that high Vimentin expression (p=0.043) and advanced tumour stage (p=0.002) were independent adverse prognostic factors. High Vimentin mRNA expression was seen in 16/42 (38%) cases and correlated significantly with lymph node metastasis (p=0.027), advanced tumour stage (p=0.002) and large tumour size (p=0.023). Vimentin expression overall showed a significant inverse association with E-cadherin and direct association with ZEB2 expression.ConclusionsVimentin overexpression in SGC is associated with EMT and leads to poor clinical outcome. It also emerged as a novel predictor for lymph node metastasis and poor survival.
Genetic and observational evidence supports a causal role of sex hormones on the development of asthma
Authors: Arathimos Ryan , Granell Raquel , Haycock Philip , Richmond Rebecca C , Yarmolinsky James , Relton Caroline L , Tilling Kate 
Published: April 2019

IntroductionMales have a higher prevalence of asthma in childhood, whereas females have a higher prevalence in adolescence and adulthood. The ‘adolescent switch’ observed between sexes during puberty has been hypothesised to be due to fluctuating sex hormones. Robust evidence of the involvement of sex hormones in asthma could lead to development of therapeutic interventions.MethodsWe combine observational evidence using longitudinal data on sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), total and bioavailable testosterone and asthma from a subset of males (n=512) in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, and genetic evidence of SHBG and asthma using two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR), a method of causal inference. We meta-analysed two-sample MR results across two large data sets, the Trans-National Asthma Genetics Consortium genome-wide association study of asthma and UK Biobank (over 460 000 individuals combined).ResultsObservational evidence indicated weak evidence of a protective effect of increased circulating testosterone on asthma in males in adolescence, but no strong pattern of association with SHBG. Genetic evidence using two-sample MR indicated a protective effect of increased SHBG, with an OR for asthma of 0.86 (95% CI 0.74 to 1.00) for the inverse-variance weighted approach and an OR of 0.83 (95% CI 0.72 to 0.96) for the weighted median estimator, per unit increase in natural log SHBG. A sex-stratified sensitivity analysis suggested the protective effect of SHBG was mostly evident in females.ConclusionWe report the first suggestive evidence of a protective effect of genetically elevated SHBG on asthma, which may provide a biological explanation behind the observed asthma sex discordance. Further work is required to disentangle the downstream effects of SHBG on asthma and the molecular pathways involved.
12-month randomised controlled trial of ginseng extract for moderate COPD
Authors: Shergis Johannah Linda , Thien Francis , Worsnop Christopher John , Lin Lin , Zhang Anthony L , Wu Lei , Chen Yuanbin , Xu Yinji , Langton David , Da Costa Cliff , Fong Harry , Wu Darong , Story David , Xue Charlie C 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundPanax ginseng(ginseng) is a therapeutic herb which might be beneficial in COPD. The study investigated if ginseng, compared with placebo, is effective and safe for people with moderate COPD.MethodsThis multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial compared 24 weeks of ginseng capsules (100 mg twice daily) with placebo. Participants were followed up for a further 24 weeks. Participants were aged 40 years and over and had airflow limitation in the moderate (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2) COPD range. The coprimary endpoints were the St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire, the COPD Assessment Test and the Short Form Health Survey. Secondary outcomes included lung function, exacerbation rate and use of relief medication.Findings168 participants were randomised 1:1 from five centres in Australia and China. Baseline characteristics were balanced between groups. There were no significant differences between ginseng and placebo, with overall results improving in both groups. Ginseng seemed safe for, and well tolerated by, people with COPD.InterpretationThere was no significant difference in improvement in health-related quality of life (primary outcome) between the ginseng and placebo groups.Trial registration numberACTRN12610000768099.
Assessing copper fertility of intrusive rocks using field portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) data
Authors: Ahmed Ayesha , Crawford Anthony J. , Leslie Christopher , Phillips Joshua , Wells Tristan , Garay Amos , Hood Shawn B. , Cooke David R. 
Published: April 2019

Based on a global compilation of whole-rock geochemical data, Sr/Y and Sr/MnO are identified as effective discriminators between ore-forming and unprospective intrusions in the porphyry Cu setting. Intrusive rocks are classified into three fertility groups – prospective, unprospective and mixed-signal – designed to assist explorers as a discrimination tool, narrowing the exploration search space in porphyry Cu districts.
Portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) data of Sr, Y and MnO were collected on pulp powders and rock slabs from six porphyry Cu (±Mo ± Au) districts. Pre- and post-mineralization intrusions from porphyry Cu districts have lower Sr/Y and Sr/MnO values than syn-mineralization intrusions from the same districts, although absolute values are variable between districts.

pXRF data were compared to conventional whole-rock data to determine if pXRF data were appropriate substitutes for conventional whole-rock methods of evaluating the ore-forming potential of intrusive rocks. pXRF data collected on pulp material were found to be more accurate (within 16% of conventional methods) and more precise (<5% relative standard deviation (RSD)) than those collected on intact rock slabs (within 37% of conventional methods and <24% RSD). These differences are attributed to the grain size and mineral homogeneity of samples. Despite the low precision of pXRF analyses on individual rock slabs (mean RSD of 24% Sr/Y and 32% Sr/MnO), the mean values for each sample plot in the expected fertility field on the Sr/Y and Sr/MnO diagram. Our results demonstrate that
in situ
pXRF data collection provides an effective discriminator of Cu fertility, and represents a powerful field exploration tool.

Supplementary material:
Tabulated pXRF data for all samples including standards are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4447769
Hemap: An Interactive Online Resource for Characterizing Molecular Phenotypes across Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Pölönen Petri , Mehtonen Juha , Lin Jake , Liuksiala Thomas , Häyrynen Sergei , Teppo Susanna , Mäkinen Artturi , Kumar Ashwini , Malani Disha , Pohjolainen Virva , Porkka Kimmo , Heckman Caroline A. , May Patrick , Hautamäki Ville , Granberg Kirsi J. , Lohi Olli , Nykter Matti , Heinäniemi Merja 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Large collections of genome-wide data can facilitate the characterization of disease states and subtypes, permitting pan-cancer analysis of molecular phenotypes and evaluation of disease context for new therapeutic approaches. We analyzed 9,544 transcriptomes from more than 30 hematologic malignancies, normal blood cell types, and cell lines, and showed that disease types could be stratified in a data-driven manner. We then identified cluster-specific pathway activity, new biomarkers, and in silico drug target prioritization through interrogation of drug target databases. Using known vulnerabilities and available drug screens, we highlighted the importance of integrating molecular phenotype with drug target expression for in silico prediction of drug responsiveness. Our analysis implicated BCL2 expression level as an important indicator of venetoclax responsiveness and provided a rationale for its targeting in specific leukemia subtypes and multiple myeloma, linked several polycomb group proteins that could be targeted by small molecules (SFMBT1, CBX7, and EZH1) with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and supported CDK6 as a disease-specific target in acute myeloid leukemia. Through integration with proteomics data, we characterized target protein expression for pre-B leukemia immunotherapy candidates, including DPEP1. These molecular data can be explored using our publicly available interactive resource, Hemap, for expediting therapeutic innovations in hematologic malignancies.

Significance:
This study describes a data resource for researching derailed cellular pathways and candidate drug targets across hematologic malignancies.
NFAT1-Mediated Regulation of NDEL1 Promotes Growth and Invasion of Glioma Stem-like Cells
Authors: Jiang Yang , Song Yifu , Wang Run , Hu Tianhao , Zhang Di , Wang Zixun , Tie Xinxin , Wang Minghao , Han Sheng 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Glioma stem-like cells (GSC) promote tumor generation and progression. However, the mechanism of GSC induction or maintenance is largely unknown. We previously demonstrated that the calcium-responsive transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells-1 (NFAT1) is activated in glioblastomas and regulates the invasion of tumor cells. In this study, we further explored the role of NFAT1 in GSC. We found that NFAT1 expression was associated with an aggressive phenotype and predicted poor survival in gliomas. Compared with normal glioma cells, NFAT1 was upregulated in GSC. NFAT1 knockdown reduced GSC viability, invasion, and self-renewal in vitro and inhibited tumorigenesis in vivo, whereas NFAT1 overexpression enhanced the growth and invasion of GSCs. RNA sequencing showed that NFAT1 depletion was associated with reduced neurodevelopment protein 1-like 1 (NDEL1, a potential downstream target of NFAT1) expression, whereas NFAT1 overexpression induced NDEL1 expression. In addition, NFAT1 regulated the promoter activities of NDEL1, whereas rescue of NDEL1 in NFAT1-silenced GSC partially restored tumor growth and invasion. Upregulation of NFAT1–NDEL1 signaling elevated Erk activation, increased protein levels of stemness markers in GSC, and resulted in de-differentiation of normal neuronal cells and astrocytes. Our results indicate that NFAT1 controls the growth and invasion of GSC partially through regulation of NDEL1. Targeting the NFAT1–NDEL1 axis therefore might be of potential benefit in the treatment of patients with glioma.

Significance:
NFAT1 controls the growth and invasion of GSCs, partially by regulating NDEL1. Targeting the NFAT1–NDEL1 axis might provide opportunities in treating patients with glioma.