bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute and Subacute Toxicological Studies of Annona Vepretorum in Experimental Animals
Authors: Silva Juliane , Diniz Tâmara , Lavor Érica , Silva Mariana , Lima-Saraiva Sarah , Oliveira-Junior Raimundo , Souza Viviane , Sousa Lívia , Mendes Rosemairy , Quintans-Júnior Lucindo , Nascimento Marismar , Pereira-Filho Rose , Albuquerque-Junior Ricardo , Almeida Jackson 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Annona vepretorum is endemic from the Brazilian Caatinga biome and is used in human nutrition. The present study aimed to investigate the toxic effects of the ethanolic extract from the leaves of this species. The leaves of A. vepretorum were collected, dried, pulverized, and macerated with ethanol to yield the crude ethanol extract of A. vepretorum. HPLC-diode array detection was used to determine the fingerprint chromatogram of the extract. In toxicity studies, the acute toxicity experimental group was administered a single dose of the ethanol extract of A. vepretorum (1 g/kg), while in the subacute toxicity experimental group, the ethanol extract of A. vepretorum was administered orally, daily for 30 days, at doses of 100 and 400 mg/kg. Death and signs of toxicity were observed and at the end, the animals were anesthetized, and blood and organs were then collected. The presence of the flavonoid rutin in the extract was confirmed using HPLC-diode array detection. In the evaluation of acute and subacute toxicity, there were no behavioral and physiological changes or signs of toxicity, and no occurrences of mice deaths were registered. The organs had normal color and preserved architecture, and no statistical variations in weight were observed. The results of the hematological and biochemical parameters after the administration of the ethanol extract of A. vepretorum showed no significant change, except in the count of the number of leukocytes and triglycerides. The histopathologic analysis of the liver, kidneys, and stomach indicated architecture with normal aspects. Thus, the toxicity study indicates low toxicity of the ethanol extract of A. vepretorum. Such information will be helpful in future clinical studies.
Pituitary Dysfunction after Radiation for Anterior Skull Base Malignancies: Incidence and Screening
Authors: VanKoevering Kyle K. , Sabetsarvestani Katayoon , Sullivan Stephen E. , Barkan Ariel , Mierzwa Michelle , McKean Erin L. 
Published: February 2019

Background Management of anterior cranial base malignancies requires multidisciplinary care. Radiation therapy remains a mainstay of definitive or adjuvant treatment. Apart from primary hypothyroidism, the effects of radiation on the hypothalamic–pituitary axis after high-dose treatment of head and neck malignancies remain poorly described. We describe a comprehensive screening protocol for surveillance and characterize the incidence of pituitary dysfunction after radiation for anterior cranial base malignancies.
Methods A review of patients prospectively enrolled in a skull base registry at an academic center was performed. Included patients had a history of anterior skull base malignancy and external beam radiation to the primary site, with comprehensive post-treatment pituitary serologies and at least 1 year of post-radiation follow-up. Routine hormonal screening was initiated during the study period for all patients with anterior skull base irradiation.
Results Eighty-one patients met inclusion. Fifty-eight patients (71%) demonstrated some laboratory abnormality. Thirty patients (37%) demonstrated evidence of hypopituitarism. Twenty-four (29%) demonstrated central hypogonadism, and 16% of patients showed central hypothyroidism. Ten patients (12%) displayed central adrenal insufficiency with six patients demonstrating panhypopituitarism. Primary tumor location and maximum dose of radiation to the gland appeared to correlate with incidence of hypopituitarism.
Conclusion Radiation for malignancies of the anterior skull base resulted in a 37% incidence of hypopituitarism in our study. Given the potential morbidity of hypopituitarism, we recommend annual post-treatment screening in these patients. We describe a comprehensive set of serologies that can be utilized, and recommend updating clinical guidelines to reflect the necessity of this screening.
Dynamic evolution of microturbulence with an improved confinement mode in the ramp-down phase of plasma current on EAST
Authors: Bi J , Li Y D , Wu G J , Li P , Sun P J , Lan T , Wang S X , Zhao H L 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Micro-instabilities are often invoked to account for the anomalous transport of energy and particles in fusion plasmas, whose origin and contributions to anomalous transport remain uncertain. The dynamic features of the microturbulence in the plasma core and the gradient region are investigated simultaneously by a poloidal CO2 laser coherent scattering diagnostic system on the experimental advanced superconducting tokamak (EAST). In 2018, an improved confinement mode characterized by a peaked density profile is observed in the current ramp-down phase with no auxiliary heating, which has rarely been studied. The experimental result suggests that the gradual shut off of the LHW heating might trigger the mode transition. The transition is accompanied with a great suppression of microturbulence and significant change in the cross-correlation spectrum. A possible mechanism for the suppression could be ascribed to the increasing

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shear flow. These results could shed light on the understanding of the nonlinear mechanism of confinement mode transition on EAST.
Italy
Authors: Campbell Gordon 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
‘Italy’ discusses the essential features of the 16th-century Italian Renaissance garden—terraces, symmetry, statues, water, and a balance between constructed and natural materials—that were to influence gardens all over the world both in layout and in content. The two best-known surviving gardens of 16th-century Italy are Villa d’Este in Tivoli and the Boboli Gardens in Florence. The design of Italian gardens through the 17th and 18th centuries is also considered, when there was a greater French influence. Many gardens became derelict during the political and economic difficulties of a fragmented Italy in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, but the past forty years have witnessed the restoration of many Renaissance gardens.
Spain and Portugal
Authors: Campbell Gordon 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
‘Spain and Portugal’ highlights the key garden designs of Spain and Portugal from the 16th century to the present day. The two greatest gardens of the Spanish Golden Age were commissioned by King Philip II at Aranjuez and the Escorial, which showed the influence of both Flemish and Italian gardens. Other key Spanish gardens described include La Granja de San Ildefonso in Segovia and Antoni Gaudí’s Parc Güell in Barcelona. Portuguese gardens of the 16th and 17th centuries incorporated glazed tiles—azulejos—and Arabic water tanks. Gardens described include the Golden Age Quinta da Bacalhoa and Castelo Branco, the 18th-century garden of the Palácio Nacional de Queluz; and Jacques Gréber’s modernist Parque de Serralves.
Northern Europe
Authors: Campbell Gordon 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
‘Northern Europe’ considers the garden history of the Low Countries, Germany, and Russia. Dutch and Flemish gardens of the 16th century had a markedly different character from the Renaissance gardens in Italy; garden art is one of the forms in which the differences are readily apparent. Gardens described include the gardens of Jan Vredeman de Vries, which contained medieval and Erasmian elements laid out with a painterly attention to detail and form; the Honselaarsdijk estate of Prince Frederik Hendrik, between The Hague and the Hook of Holland; the Hortus Academicus at Leiden; Germany’s first important public garden, the Englische Garten in Munich; and Pavlovsk in Russia, one of the world’s greatest landscape gardens.
Expanding the role of pharmacy technicians to facilitate a proactive pharmacist practice
Authors: Newby Brandi 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Purpose
This study describes a change in pharmacy practice to expand pharmacy technician roles to allow dispensing without a pharmacist check, thereby enhancing the pharmacist role in direct patient care.

Summary
In an effort to optimize patient care with limited resources, we set out to change our pharmacy practice model. We transferred duties that did not require clinical judgment in the dispensary from the pharmacist to the regulated technician. The transferred roles included order entry, order entry verification, and final check of medications and preparations. The changes in roles were well received by the pharmacy staff. The pharmacist practice changed from a reactive process, where the pharmacist waited for orders to be sent to the pharmacy, to a proactive process where the pharmacist collaborated directly with patients and the health care team. The pharmacists were able to provide daily medication therapy management for every inpatient in the new practice model compared with only reactive targeted care in the former practice model. Implementation of the new practice model at our site led to a reduction in time for medications to be delivered to the patient and reduced pharmacy-related medication errors.

Conclusion
A new pharmacy practice model was successfully implemented whereby the pharmacy technician roles were expanded to the point where they perform all the distribution roles in the dispensary. This, in turn, allowed a change in the pharmacist role, which was focused on daily proactive direct patient care and medication therapy management.
Validation of a CD30 Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbant Assay for the Rapid Detection of Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Hanson Summer E , Hassid Victor J , Branch-Brooks Cynthia , Liu Jun , Kadin Marshall E , Miranda Roberto , Butler Charles E , Clemens Mark W 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is an uncommon type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma occurring in the fluid or capsule adjacent to textured breast implants. Diagnosis of BIA-ALCL of symptomatic patients requires demonstration of large anaplastic cells with uniform expression of CD30 protein on immunohistochemistry.

Objectives
The authors investigated a novel, rapid, office-based, and economic in-situ enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for screening BIA-ALCL patients.

Methods
A commercially available in-situ ELISA was standardized and validated for patients with confirmed BIA-ALCL diagnosis with clinical isolates. A panel of 9 pathologically confirmed BIA-ALCL patients was screened by serum, plasma, and periprosthetic effusion specimens and compared against serum, plasma, and nonneoplastic delayed seromas in 7 control patients. Statistical analysis demonstrated assay consistency and reliability.

Results
All BIA-ALCL effusions demonstrated CD30 ELISA detection at full and all serial concentrations. BIA-ALCL serum specimens and all control specimens were negative at full concentration and serial dilutions (1:100, 1:250, 1:500, and 1:1000). BIA-ALCL plasma specimens were weakly positive at full concentration and revealed no activity with serial dilution.

Conclusions
This is the first study to demonstrate a viable alternative to CD30 immunohistochemistry for the screening of BIA-ALCL. Our study demonstrates 100% sensitivity in seroma fluid with no detectable CD30 in benign seroma samples. A CD30 ELISA represents a novel, low-cost screening test, which may be used to screen suspicious aspirations of delayed periprosthetic fluid collections in an office-based setting.

Level of Evidence: 3
Easybiotics: a GUI for 3D physical modelling of multi-species bacterial populations
Authors: Naylor Jonathan , Fellermann Harold , Krasnogor Natalio 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Motivation
3D physical modelling is a powerful computational technique that allows for the simulation of complex systems such as consortia of mixed bacterial species. The complexities in physical modelling reside in the knowledge intensive model building process and the computational expense in calculating their numerical solutions. These models can offer insights into microbiology, both in understanding natural systems and as design tools for developing novel synthetic bacterial systems. Developing a robust synthetic system typically requires multiple iterations around the specify→design→build→test cycle to meet specifications. This process is laborious and expensive for both the computational and laboratory aspects, hence any improvement in any of the workflow steps would be welcomed. We have previously introduced Simbiotics, a powerful and flexible platform for designing and analyzing 3D simulations of mixed species bacterial populations. Simbiotics requires programming experience to use which creates barriers to entry for use of the tool.

Results
In the spirit of enabling biologists who may not have programming skills to install and utilize Simbiotics, we present in this application note Easybiotics, a user-friendly graphical user interface for Simbiotics. Users may design, simulate and analyze models from within the graphical user interface, with features such as live graph plotting and parameter sweeps. Easybiotics provides full access to all of Simbiotics simulation features, such as cell growth, motility and gene regulation.

Availability and implementation
Easybiotics and Simbiotics are free to use under the GPL3.0 licence, and can be found at: http://ico2s.org/software/simbiotics.html. We also provide readily downloadable virtual machine sandboxes to facilitate rapid installation.
Endocarditis after percutaneous edge-to-edge in a heart transplant recipient: management through the HeartPort technique
Authors: Anselmi Amedeo , Flecher Erwan , Leurent Guillaume , Verhoye Jean-Philippe 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
In the case illustrated in this study, a heart transplant recipient received percutaneous mitral edge-to-edge for secondary mitral regurgitation on the basis of increased reoperative risk. After development of mitral endocarditis, reoperation and mitral valve replacement were successfully performed through the HeartPort technique. We discuss the technical aspects, including the positioning of the Intraclude® device and the access to the mitral valve in this context. We address the decision-making issues (role of minimally invasive surgery to reduce operative risk in patients with one or more previous sternotomies).
Archives, Collections and Curatorship: Virtual Special Issue for the Journal of Design History, 2019
Authors: Hendon Zoë 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Design historians frequently find their interest in a particular subject prompted by archival materials, or begin their research with collections of designed objects supported by online databases. While these are the raw materials, the primary sources of the design historian’s work, they are also deserving of attention in their own right. This Virtual Special Issue is comprised of twelve articles drawn from past issues of the Journal of Design History’s Archives, Collections and Curatorship section, drawing out key themes and highlighting ongoing dialogues between academic design historians, curators, librarians and archivists. This Introduction seeks to contextualise these within the wider discipline of design history, and to draw connections to scholarship beyond the Journal of Design History itself. Articles under the first heading look at archives, while articles under the second consider collections of objects. The third section turns to the related challenges of presenting design historical research to public audiences. This Virtual Special issue also offers a reminder that as both the processes and products of design move into the digital sphere, it is pertinent to ask what this means for the ways in which design historians, students, and the general public will engage with design history in future.
Claiming the Crisis: Mediated Public Debates about the Refugee Crisis in Austria, the Czech Republic and Slovakia
Authors: Kluknavská Alena , Bernhard Jana , Boomgaarden Hajo G. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The arrival of refugees to Europe increased dramatically in 2015. This situation produced polarized responses across the European Union and caused intensive media attention and public debate. This study investigates claim-making on the so-called refugee crisis in the public sphere in three countries: Austria, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. It asks who shaped the discourse on the crisis in national public realms, how the discourse took shape and to what degree a common European discourse would emerge. Actors’ positions and claims in the mediated discourse during the first peak of the crisis between August and October 2015 are examined, drawing on an analysis of 3,226 claims in a cross-country comparison. Results indicate institutionalization and shift between security–humanitarian discourses and balanced threat–victim-framing. The findings suggest that the debate was confined to national public spheres, but with first signs of a common European discourse. This study contributes to the literature on representation of migration in the media in a cross-national perspective within the context of the recent crisis.
Formation of high-mass stars in an isolated environment in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Harada Ryohei , Onishi Toshikazu , Tokuda Kazuki , Zahorecz Sarolta , Hughes Annie , Meixner Margaret , Sewiło Marta , Indebetouw Remy , Nayak Omnarayani , Fukui Yasuo , Tachihara Kengo , Tsuge Kisetstu , Kawamura Akiko , Saigo Kazuya , Wong Tony , Bernard Jean-Philippe , Stephens Ian W 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The aim of this study is to characterize the distribution and basic properties of the natal gas associated with high-mass young stellar objects (YSOs) in isolated environments in the Large Magellanic Cloud. High-mass stars usually form in giant molecular clouds (GMCs) as part of a young stellar cluster, but some OB stars are observed far from GMCs. By examining the spatial coincidence between the high-mass YSOs and 12CO (J = 1–0) emission detected by NANTEN and Mopra observations, we selected ten high-mass YSOs that are located away from any of the NANTEN clouds but are detected by the Mopra pointed observations. The ALMA observations revealed that a compact molecular cloud whose mass is a few thousand solar masses or smaller is associated with the high-mass YSOs, which indicates that these compact clouds are the sites of high-mass star formation. The high density and high temperature throughout the clouds are explained by the severe photodissociation of CO due to the lower metallicity than in the Galaxy. The star formation efficiency ranges from several to as high as ∼40%, indicating efficient star formation in these environments. The enhanced turbulence may be a cause of the efficient star formation therein, as judged from the gas velocity information and the association with the lower density gas.
Treating pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome
Authors: Heavey Elizabeth , Peterson Kathleen 
Published: February 2019

Abstract:
Pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS) can be caused by infectious and noninfectious triggers. NPs can help children with PANS recover from their symptoms and prevent future recurrences by appropriately screening, recognizing, and diagnosing the clinical presentation of PANS. PANS treatment includes pharmacologic therapies as well as cognitive behavioral therapy.
Mannitol Improves Intraoperative Brain Relaxation in Patients With a Midline Shift Undergoing Supratentorial Tumor Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Li Shu , Sun Huihui , Liu Xiaoyuan , Ren Xiaohui , Hao Shuyu , Zeng Min , Wang Dexiang , Dong Jia , Kan Qing , Peng Yuming , Han Ruquan 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Mannitol is widely used to reduce brain tissue swelling and improve brain relaxation during neurosurgery. However, the optimal dosage for patients with midline shift undergoing supratentorial tumor resection remains unclear.

Methods:
In this randomized, controlled double-blinded study, 204 patients with preoperative midline shift who underwent elective supratentorial brain tumor surgery were equally allocated to receive placebo or 0.7, 1.0, or 1.4 g/kg mannitol infusion. The primary outcome was the proportion of satisfactory brain relaxation.

Results:
Demographics and baseline characteristics were similar among the 4 groups. Trend analysis showed that mannitol infusion increased satisfactory brain relaxation (P<0.0001), relaxed dural tension (P<0.0001) and adequate surgical exposure (P<0.0001), and decreased the requirement for rescue therapy for brain swelling (P<0.0005), all in a dose-dependent manner. Tumor size (odds ratio [OR]: 0.99 per 1 mm3, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.989-0.998, P=0.004), peritumoral edema classification (OR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.37-0.97; P=0.038) as well as mannitol dose (OR: 2.81, 95% CI: 1.97-4.02, P<0.0001) were significantly associated with satisfactory brain relaxation. An increased risk of moderate to severe postoperative cerebral edema was found in the group receiving 1.4 g/kg mannitol (P=0.025) in a dose-dependent manner (P=0.018).

Conclusions:
An optimal mannitol infusion dosage of 1.0 g/kg is recommended to improve brain relaxation with lower risk of moderate to severe postoperative cerebral edema in patients with midline shift undergoing supratentorial tumor resections. The effect of mannitol on brain relaxation is affected by tumor size and severity of peritumoral edema, rather than by midline shift.
Society for Neuroscience in Anesthesiology & Critical Care (SNACC) Neuroanesthesiology Education Milestones for Resident Education
Authors: Sharma Deepak , Easdown Letitia J. , Zolyomi Arpad , Ayrian Eugenia , Wheeler Peggy J. , Edelman Guy , Mahla Michael E. 
Published: February 2019

Background:
The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) has introduced competency-based assessments (milestones) for resident education. However, the existing milestones for Anesthesiology are not specific to Neuroanesthesiology. The Society for Neuroscience in Anesthesiology & Critical Care (SNACC) commissioned a task force to adapt the ACGME anesthesiology milestones for use in Neuroanesthesiology training, and to provide recommendations for implementing milestones.

Methods:
A 7-member expert task force supported by an advisory committee developed the initial milestones by consensus. Written permission was given by the ACGME. The milestones were refined following 3-month pilot use in 14 departments across the United States and inputs from SNACC members. Final milestones were approved by the SNACC Board of Directors.

Results:
Twelve Neuroanesthesiology-specific milestones in 5 major ACGME domains are recommended; these were identified as most pertinent to this subspecialty rotation. These pertain to patient care (7 milestones), medical knowledge (2 milestones), practice-based learning and improvement (1 milestone), and interpersonal and communication skills (2 milestones). Each milestone was described in detail, with clear outline of expectations at various levels of training.

Conclusions:
The SNACC Neuroanesthesiology milestones provide a framework for reviewing resident performance and are expected to facilitate improved use of ACGME milestones during Neuroanesthesiology subspecialty training. The task force recommends that the target should be to accomplish level 4 or higher milestones by the end of residency training. Individual programs should decide the implications of a resident not meeting the expected milestones.