bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light‐Emitting Transistors Based on Solution‐Processed Heterostructures of Self‐Organized Multiple‐Quantum‐Well Perovskite and Metal‐Oxide Semiconductors
Authors: Chaudhry Mujeeb Ullah , Wang Nana , Tetzner Kornelius , Seitkhan Akmaral , Miao Yanfeng , Sun Yan , Petty Michael C. , Anthopoulos Thomas D. , Wang Jianpu , Bradley Donal D. C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSolution‐processed hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite semiconductors have demonstrated remarkable performance for both photovoltaic and light‐emitting‐diode applications in recent years, launching a new field of condensed matter physics. However, their use in other emerging optoelectronic applications, such as light‐emitting field‐effect transistors (LEFETs) has been surprisingly limited, wth only a few low‐performance devices reported. The development of hybrid LEFETs consisting of a solution‐processed self‐organized multiple‐quantum‐well lead iodide perovskite layer grown onto an electron‐transporting In2O3/ZnO heterojunction channel is reported. The multilayer transistors offer bifunctional characteristics, namely, transistor function with high electron mobility (>20 cm2 V−1 s−1) and a large current on/off ratio (>106), combined with near infrared light emission (λmax = 783 nm) and a promising external quantum efficiency (≈0.2% at 18 cd m−2). A further interesting feature of these hybrid LEFETs, in comparison to previously reported structures, is their highly uniform and stable emission characteristics, which make them attractive for smart‐pixel‐format display applications.
Semi‐analytical nanoscale‐extended surface tension correlation
Authors: Zhang Kaiqiang , Jia Na , Liu Lirong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSurface tensions (STs) are of critical importance to numerous natural phenomena and practical applications while most existing ST correlations are in the empirical formulations and limited to the bulk phase. In this study, a new semi‐analytical correlation based on the perturbation theory from the statistical thermodynamics is initially developed to calculate the STs of the various components in bulk and nanoconfined pores. The newly developed ST correlation is validated to be accurate and generalized in bulk and nanoconfined pores in comparison with the experimentally measured results at a wide range of temperatures. Furthermore, three important patterns with respect to the STs are determined: first, the STs are found to be reduced with the temperature increase but increase when the components become heavier in both bulk and nanoconfined pores; second, the STs of the mixtures tend to be more sensitive to the feed ratios at higher temperatures; last but not least, the nanoscale STs of the pure components are slightly lower than the bulk results at the same conditions.
Pollen and vegetative secondary chemistry of three pollen‐rewarding lupines
Authors: Heiling Jacob M. , Cook Daniel , Lee Stephen T. , Irwin Rebecca E. 
Published: May 2019

PremiseOptimal defense theory predicts that selection should drive plants to disproportionally allocate resources for herbivore defense to tissues with high fitness values. Because pollen's primary role is the transport of gametes, plants may be expected to defend it from herbivory. However, for many animal‐pollinated plants, pollen serves a secondary role as a pollinator reward. These dual roles may present a conflict between selection to defend pollen from herbivores and selection to reward pollinators. Here, we investigate whether pollen secondary chemistry in three pollen‐rewardingLupinusspecies better reflects the need to defend pollen or reward pollinators.MethodsLupinus(Fabaceae) species are nectarless, pollen‐rewarding, and produce defensive quinolizidine and/or piperidine alkaloids throughout their tissues. We used gas chromatography to identify and quantitate the alkaloids in four aboveground tissues (pollen, flower, leaf, stem) of three western North American lupines,L. argenteus,L. bakeri, andL. sulphureus, and compared alkaloid concentrations and composition among tissues within individuals.ResultsInL. argenteusandL. sulphureus, pollen alkaloid concentrations were 11–35% of those found in other tissues. We detected no alkaloids inL. bakeripollen, though they were present in other tissues. Alkaloid concentrations were not strongly correlated among tissues within individuals. We detected fewer alkaloids in pollen compared to other tissues, and pollen contained no unique alkaloids.ConclusionsOur results are consistent with the hypothesis that, in these pollen‐rewarding species, pollen secondary chemistry may reflect the need to attract and reward pollinators more than the need to defend pollen from herbivory.
Changes in work characteristics over 12 years: Findings from the 2002‐2014 US National NIOSH Quality of Work Life Surveys
Authors: Myers Stephanie , Govindarajulu Usha , Joseph Michael , Landsbergis Paul 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo assess changes in work characteristics, socioeconomic status inequalities in changes in work characteristics, and whether US workplaces are becoming more stressful.MethodsWe analyzed data from 5361 employed participants from the 2002, 2006, 2010, and 2014 NIOSH Quality of Work Life Surveys, based on representative samples of US workers. We used regression analyses to assess changes in job characteristics, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, work hours, and unemployment rate. For the regression analyses with continuous job characteristics, we created standardized variables allowing for the magnitude of changes to be directly compared between job characteristics.ResultsOver the period 2002‐2014, we observed statistically significant increases in job strain (+0.09 standard deviations (SD), P = 0.02), low job control (+0.10 SD, P = 0.03), and work‐family conflict (+0.15 SD, P = 0.001). No significant changes were observed for high job demand, low social support, and low reward. The largest increase in low job control was seen among service workers.ConclusionsThe increase in two cardiovascular disease risk factors, job strain, and low job control, might partially explain the slowing of the decline in US heart disease and stroke mortality rates.
Workplace injury rates and firm‐level turnover in Montana's oil and gas industry
Authors: Bradley Christopher , Brennan Julia , Wagner Barbara 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundDo workers follow their self‐interest by minimizing injury risk in their employment decision? If so, employers could use injury reduction as a recruitment and retention strategy. This study explores whether injury incidence is associated with turnover in Montana's Oil and Gas industry.MethodsA panel data set of Unemployment Insurance and Workers' Compensation administrative records from 2010 to 2015 was used to model the relationship between turnover and injury claim rates at the firm level.ResultsTotal turnover and injury rates were found to be positively related while injury rates and separation rates had no such association. Quarters in which the employer experienced a severe injury had a 3.3 percentage point increase in separation rates.DiscussionThe findings suggest that injured workers contribute to increased turnover, but coworker turnover does not increase with increased injury rates in the firm. Secondary findings suggest a relationship between recent hires and increased injury rates, although further investigation is required.
Non‐Innocent Methylene Linker in Bridged Lewis Pair Initiators
Authors: Weger Michael , Grötsch Raphael K. , Knaus Maximilian G. , Giuman Marco M. , Mayer David C. , Altmann Philipp J. , Mossou Estelle , Dittrich Birger , Pöthig Alexander , Rieger Bernhard 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDeprotonation usually occurs as an unwanted side reaction in the Lewis pair polymerization of Michael acceptors, for which the conjugated addition of the Lewis base to the acid‐activated monomer is the commonly accepted initiation mechanism. This has also been reported for B−P‐based bridged Lewis pairs (BLPs) that form macrocyclic addition products. We now show that the formerly unwanted deprotonation is the likely initiation pathway in the case of Al−P‐based BLPs. In a detailed study of a series of Al−P‐based BLPs, using a combination of single‐crystal diffraction experiments (X‐ray and neutron) and mechanistic investigations (experimental and computational), an active role of the methylene bridge was revealed, acting as a base towards the α‐acidic monomers. Additionally, the polymerization studies proved a living behavior combined with significantly high activities, narrow molecular mass distributions, and the possibility of copolymerization.
Tweaking the affinity of aryl‐substituted diazosalicylato‐ and pyridine ligands towards Zn (II) and its neighbors in the periodic system of the elements, Cu (II) and Cd (II), and their antimicrobial activity
Authors: Basu Baul Tushar S. , Nongsiej Khrawborlang , Lamin Ka‐Ot Augustine , Joshi Santa Ram , Rojas León Irán , Höpfl Herbert 
Published: May 2019

A series of six new Zn (II) compounds, viz., [Zn(HLASA)2(Py)2] (1), [Zn(HLMASA)2(Py)2] (2), [Zn(HLMASA)2(4‐MePy)2] (3), [Zn(HLCASA)2(4‐MePy)2] (4), [Zn(HLBASA)2(Py)2] (5), [Zn(HLBASA)2(4‐MePy)2] (6) and representative Cu (II) and Cd (II) complexes, viz., [Cu(HLASA)2(Py)2(H2O)] (7) and [Cd(HLBASA)2(Py)3] (8) [(HLXASA)− = para‐substituted 5‐[(E)‐2‐(aryl)‐1‐diazenyl]‐2‐hydroxybenzoate with X = H (ASA), Me (MASA), Cl (CASA) or Br (BASA); Py = pyridine; 4‐MePy = 4‐methylpyridine] have been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic techniques and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The structural characterization of the compounds revealed distorted tetrahedral (1–6), square‐pyramidal (7) and pentagonal‐bipyramidal (8) coordination geometries around the metal atom, in which the aryl‐substituted diazosalicylate ligands are coordinated only through the oxygen atoms of carboxylate groups, either in an anisobidentate or isobidentate mode; meanwhile, the 2‐hydroxy groups of the monoanionic ligand (HLXASA)− are involved only in intramolecular O‐H···O hydrogen bonds with the carboxylate function. In the crystal structures of 1–8, the complex molecules are assembled by π‐stacking interactions giving mostly infinite 1D strands. The intermolecular binding in the solid state structures is accomplished by diverse additional non‐covalent contacts including C‐H···O, C‐H···N, C‐H···π, C‐H···Br, O···Br, Br···π and van der Waals contacts. Although the primary and secondary ligands in the Zn (II) complex series 1–6 carry different substituents at the periphery (X = H, Me, Cl, Br for (HLXASA)− and R = H, Me for 4‐Py‐R), five of the crystal structures were isostructural. Additionally, the antimicrobial activity of the pro‐ligands H2LXASA and their Zn (II), Cu (II) and Cd (II) compounds were studied in a comparative manner, showing high sensitivity (IZD ≥ 20) against Bacillus subtilis.
Biocomposites of poly(lactic acid) and lactic acid oligomer‐grafted bacterial cellulose: It's preparation and characterization
Authors: Patwa Rahul , Saha Nabanita , Sáha Petr , Katiyar Vimal 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThis work demonstrates the synthesis of lactic acid oligomer‐grafted‐untreated bacterial cellulose (OLLA‐g‐BC) by in situ condensation polymerization which increased compatibilization between hydrophobic poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and hydrophilic BC, thus enhancing various properties of PLA‐based bionanocomposites, indispensable for stringent food‐packaging applications. During the synthesis of OLLA‐g‐BC, hydrophilic BC is converted into hydrophobic due to structural grafting of OLLA chains with BC molecules. Subsequently, bionanocomposites films are fabricated using solution casting technique and characterized for structural, thermal, mechanical, optical, and gas‐barrier properties. Morphological images showed uniform dispersion of BC nanospheres in the PLA matrix, which shows strong filler–matrix interaction. The degradation temperatures for bionanocomposites films were above PLA processing temperature indicating that bionanocomposite processing can be industrially viable. Bionanocomposites films displayed decrease in glass transition (Tg) and ~20% improvement in elongation with 10 wt % fillers indicating towards plasticization of PLA. PLA/OLLA‐g‐BC films showed a slight reduction in optical transparency but had excellent UV‐blocking characteristics. Moreover, dispersed BC act as blocking agents within PLA matrix, reducing the diffusion through the bionanocomposite films which showed ~40% improvement in water‐vapor barrier by 5 wt % filler addition, which is significant. The reduced Tg, improved elongation combined with improved hydrophobicity and water‐vapor barrier make them suitable candidate for flexible food‐packaging applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47903.
Flexible strain sensors based on epoxy/graphene composite film with long molecular weight curing agents
Authors: Meng Qingshi , Zhao Yu , Liu Zhiwen , Han Sensen , Lu Shaowei , Liu Tianqing 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTFlexible strain sensors based on epoxy/graphene composite film with long molecular weight curing agents have critical roles in the development of advanced polymer composite films that combine mechanical robustness with functional properties such as electrical conductivity for many applications. In this experiment, flexible epoxy/GnP composite film is obtained by using flexible curing agent J2000. A percolation threshold of electrical conductivity was observed at merely 0.97 vol% GnPs, and the composite electrical conductivity increased to 10−6 S/cm at 5.0 vol %. The composite films were mechanically strong enough to be used as a flexible strain sensor. Our sensor can clearly detect the stretching of the forearm skin caused by a fist pulse and back of hand movement and achieve an enhancement of the resistance signal of up to 50%. When the GnPs content reaches 5%, Young's modulus and tensile strength increase to 21 MPa and 1.3 MPa, respectively. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47906.
Regional inequality in urban China, allowing for spatial cost of living differences: Evidence from a hedonic analysis of apartment prices
Authors: Li Chao , Gibson John , Boe‐Gibson Geua 
Published: May 2019

AbstractStudies of inequality in China typically ignore cost of living differences between areas. Under the Balassa–Samuelson effect, nontradeables cost more in richer areas, so nominal inequality exceeds real inequality. This especially matters in China, where spatial cost of living differences should grow with recent development of urban housing markets. We use new data on apartment prices in 104 cities in China to develop housing‐related spatial deflators. The level of spatial inequality in urban China is overstated by 27% if cost of living differences are ignored. Our hedonic analysis of 41,000 individual apartment sales shows that most price variation is between areas, rather than from features of individual apartments. The dominant trend in the reform era is for regional inequality in China to decline, contrary to the common perceptions. In nominal terms, the Theil index for interprovincial inequality in 2016 is just 46% of its 1978 level. The current results imply that the fall in inequality in real terms would be even greater.
Benthic habitat modelling and mapping as a conservation tool for marine protected areas: A seamount in the western Mediterranean
Authors: de la Torriente Ana , González‐Irusta Jose Manuel , Aguilar Ricardo , Fernández‐Salas Luis Miguel , Punzón Antonio , Serrano Alberto 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

An ecologically representative, well‐connected, and effectively managed system of marine protected areas (MPAs) has positive ecological and environmental effects as well as social and economic benefits. Although progress in expanding the coverage of MPAs has been made, the application of management tools has not yet been implemented in most of these areas.
In this work, distribution models were applied to nine benthic habitats on a Mediterranean seamount within an MPA for conservation purposes. Benthic habitat occurrences were identified from 55 remotely operated vehicle (ROV) transects, at depths from 76 to 700 m, and data derived from multibeam bathymetry. Generalized additive models (GAMs) were applied to link the presence of each benthic habitat to local environmental proxies (depth, slope, backscatter, aspect, and bathymetric position index, BPI).
The main environmental drivers of habitat distribution were depth, slope, and BPI. Based on this result, five different geomorphological areas were distinguished. A full coverage map indicating the potential benthic habitat distribution on the seamount was obtained to inform spatial management.
The distribution of those habitats identified as vulnerable marine ecosystems (VMEs) was used to make recommendations on zonation for developing the management plan of the MPA. This process reveals itself as an appropriate methodological approach that can be developed in other areas of the Natura 2000 marine network.
Base‐Promoted α‐Alkylation of Arylacetonitriles with Alcohols
Authors: Roy Bivas Chandra , Ansari Istikhar A. , Samim Sk. Abdus , Kundu Sabuj 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA practical method to synthesize α‐alkylated arylacetonitriles from arylacetonitriles and alcohols without using any expensive transition metal complexes is demonstrated here. Following this base‐catalysed sustainable procedure, various arylacetonitriles were successfully alkylated with different alcohols. The practical applicability of this protocol was extended by one‐pot synthesis of important carboxylic acid derivatives.
Sustainable Salt Template‐Assisted Chemical Activation for the Production of Porous Carbons with Enhanced Power Handling Ability in Supercapacitors
Authors: Díez Noel , Ferrero Guillermo A. , Fuertes Antonio B. , Sevilla Marta 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHighly porous materials with a 3D framework have been produced by a sustainable salt template‐assisted chemical activation approach based on the use of KCl particles as template, K2CO3 particles as both template and activating agent, and biomass‐derivatives as carbon precursor (i. e., glucose and soybean meal). The self‐assembly of all the constituents into a 3D structure is achieved by a freeze‐drying process. After carbonization and a simple washing step with water, a 3D hierarchical porous carbon is obtained. The sustainability of the process is ensured by using chemicals of low or null toxicity and renewable carbon precursors. The materials produced are characterized by a 3D framework composed of thin walls rich in micropores, with BET surface areas in excess of 2000 m2 g−1 and pore volumes of up to 1.4 cm3 g−1. These materials show an improved rate capability in supercapacitors based on aqueous (H2SO4 and Li2SO4) and ionic liquid electrolytes (EMImTFSI/AN) with carbon electrode loadings well within the range of commercial values.
Cover Image, Volume 13, Issue 3
Authors: Jeon Jong Yeol , Han Yohan , Kim Young‐Wun , Lee Youn‐Woo , Hong Sukwon , Hwang In Taek 
Published: May 2019

The cover image is based on the Review Feasibility of unsaturated fatty acid feedstocks as green alternatives in bio‐oil refinery by Jong Yeol Jeon et al., DOI: 10.1002/bbb.1979. Designed by Kyung Ha Hwang.
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Individual differences in level of wisdom are associated with brain activation during a moral decision‐making task
Authors: Thomas Michael L. , Martin Averria S. , Eyler Lisa , Lee Ellen E. , Macagno Eduardo , Devereaux Mary , Chiong Winston , Jeste Dilip V. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionWisdom is reportedly associated with better health and quality of life. However, our knowledge of the neurobiology of wisdom is still in the early stages of development. We aimed to improve our understanding by correlating a psychometric measure of the trait with patterns of brain activation produced by a cognitive task theorized to be relevant to wisdom: moral decision‐making. In particular, we aimed to determine whether individual differences in wisdom interact with moral task complexity in relation to brain activation.MethodsParticipants were 39 community‐dwelling men and women aged 27–76 years, who completed moral and nonmoral decision‐making tasks while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. Brain activation in select regions of interest was correlated with participants' scores on the San Diego Wisdom Scale (SD‐WISE).ResultsIndividual differences in wisdom were found to interact with brain response to moral versus nonmoral and moral personal versus impersonal dilemmas, particularly in regions in or near the default mode network. Persons with higher scores on the SD‐WISE had less contrast between moral and nonmoral dilemmas and greater contrast between moral‐personal and moral‐impersonal dilemmas than individuals with lower SD‐WISE scores.ConclusionsResults confirmed our hypothesis that individual differences in level of wisdom would interact with moral condition in relation to brain activation, and may underscore the relevance of considering one's own and others' actions and experiences in the context of wise thinking. Future studies are needed to replicate these findings and to examine specific neurocircuits.
Establishment of pancreatic cancer cell lines with endoscopic ultrasound‐guided biopsy via conditionally reprogrammed cell culture
Authors: Lee Hee Seung , Lee Jae Seung , Lee Jinyoung , Kim Eun Kyung , Kim Hoguen , Chung Moon Jae , Park Jeong Youp , Park Seung Woo , Song Si Young , Bang Seungmin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRecent studies have identified the mutational landscape of pancreatic cancer and suggested tumor‐specific subtypes. However, the major hurdle against personalized treatment is the difficulty to obtain sufficient cancer tissues from most inoperable cases. We investigated whether patient‐derived conditionally reprogrammed cells (CRCs) can be constructed using a small piece of tumor tissue using endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)‐guided fine needle biopsy (FNB). Thirty patients with pancreatic solid mass (mean size, 34.6 mm) were enrolled prospectively. Among 22 patients who were diagnosed with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, we established patient‐derived pancreatic cancer cell lines from eight patients (36.4%). Immunofluorescence colony staining for CRCs showed that the cytoplasm of cancer cells was clearly stained with anti‐cytokeratin 19 monoclonal antibody. In the soft agar colony formation assay, CRCs formed colonies compared with the negative control by day 15. In vivo, implanted CRCs showed tumor engraftment and hematoxylin and eosin staining showed pancreatic cancer ductal structure. All established CRCs showed a KRAS mutation. In conclusion, we established patient‐derived pancreatic cancer cell lines with a small tumor tissue obtained by EUS‐FNB. With in vitro drug sensitivity and genomic studies, established patient‐derived cell lines can be used in identification of new targets for diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer.