bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimorbidity and risk of adverse outcomes in the Hertfordshire Cohort Study: does sex matter?
Authors: Westbury Leo D. , Rambukwella Roshan , Pearse Camille , Ward Kate A. , Cooper Cyrus , Dennison Elaine M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Aims
We examined whether admission risk increases at a certain threshold of number of systems medicated or whether any increase confers greater admission risk in either sex in a community-dwelling cohort of older persons in Hertfordshire. This study uses a longitudinal retrospective study design.

Methods
Data from 2997 men and women (aged 59–73 at baseline) were analyzed. Participants were followed up from baseline (1998–2004) until December 2018 using Hospital Episode Statistics and mortality data, reporting clinical outcomes using ICD-10 coding. Number of systems medicated in relation to mortality (all-cause, cancer-related, cardiovascular-related) and admission (any, neurological, cardiovascular, and respiratory) were examined using Cox regression.

Results
Apart from cancer-related mortality among women, more systems medicated predicted increased risk of all events among both sexes (p ≤ 0.001). For ‘any’, cardiovascular and respiratory admissions, there were increases in risk for each category of number of systems medicated. For example, compared to men with no systems medicated, those with 1, 2 and > 2 systems medicated had hazard ratios (95% CI) for cardiovascular admissions of 1.82 (1.57,2.12), 2.39 (2.00,2.84) and 3.45 (2.84,4.20) respectively; estimates among women were 1.74 (1.44,2.11), 2.35 (1.92,2.88) and 3.40 (2.79,4.13).

Conclusions
Increases in numbers of systems medicated conferred greater risk of admission in both sexes. Interventions aimed at reducing the burden of chronic disease in mid-late adulthood are required.
Diversity and Abundance of Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants in Culturable Bacteria of Glacier Mice and Proglacial Lake Ecosystems at Austerdalsbreen, Norway
Authors: Makowska-Zawierucha Nicoletta , Woszak Marcelina , Yde Jacob C. , Zawierucha Krzysztof 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) impacts environmental processes and poses a threat to public health even in remote glacierized areas. In this study, we aimed to (i) investigate the diversity of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and integrons in culturable bacteria, and to (ii) present a snapshot of microbial resistance on a glacier and its adjacent habitats in Scandinavia. We collected samples from glacier mice, spheroidal-to-ovoidal shaped bryophyte on the glacier surface, and from a proglacial lake at Austerdalsbreen in central Norway. We found variable bacterial counts ranging from 1.6 × 103 CFU/ml in water to 4.8 × 103 CFU/ml in glacier mice, with coliforms and aminoglycoside-resistant coliforms prevalent in microalgae bloom in the proglacial lake. Class 1 integrons were more frequently observed in glaciolacustrine sediment. Integron variable regions encompassing cassettes conferring resistance to macrolides and aminoglycosides in intI1-positive strains isolated from glacier mice and associated with multidrug resistance in aminoglycoside-resistant coliforms from microalgae bloom were found. The culturable bacteria carrying variable regions of integrons were identified as Pseudomonas sp., Paenibacillus sp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp., Enterobacter sp., and Citrobacter sp. Additionally, we identified other ARGs, including sul1, aadA1, ampC, bla
TEM, and bla
OXA, indicating the presence of multiple mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. Our findings contribute to understanding of the distribution and dissemination of antibiotic resistance via glacial bryophytes to downstream ecosystem of proglacial lake in Norway.
Physiological and Nutritional Considerations for Elite Squash: A Systematic Review
Authors: Turner Ollie , Mitchell Nigel , Ruddock Alan , Purvis Alison , Ranchordas Mayur 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To systematically review all the physiological and nutritional research conducted in squash to guide practitioners and researchers on how best to interpret the data, while identifying gaps in the literature to determine future directions of research within squash.

Methods
Following PRISMA guidelines, studies investigating an aspect of physiology or nutrition within squash were identified using scientific databases CINAHL, MEDLINE, PUBMED, and SPORTDiscus, from March 2022 to October 2023.

Results
Of the 1208 studies identified, 35 met the inclusion criteria across a variety of physiological and nutritional topics, such as the physiological demands of squash, anthropometric and physiological characteristics of squash players, squash-specific performance tests, training demands of squash, nutritional requirements of squash, hydration demands of squash, nutrition knowledge of squash players, and nutritional supplements for squash players. Ten studies had poor methodological quality, 19 as fair, four as good, and two as excellent. Seventeen out of 35 studies included were undertaken post the 2009 rule change, and 14 studies were conducted on either elite or world class players. Twenty-nine of the studies involved male players, with 15 involving female players.

Conclusion
Much of the physiological and nutritional literature is of low quality and outdated. We present future research focuses throughout the review, such as quantifying the game characteristics of male and female players, the energy expenditures during a training and competition microcycle, and the efficacy of certain nutritional supplements. These efforts aim to create sport specific guidelines and advance evidence-based practice within squash.
Unlocking regenerative potential: stem cell and tissue engineering innovations for permanent dental restoration
Authors: Abdelrahman Mohamed Rabie Amer 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Regenerative medicine has emerged as a revolutionary field with the potential to restore damaged tissues and organs, significantly impacting both general and dental health. Despite significant advancements, the field of regenerative dentistry remains underdeveloped in terms of practical implementation and scientific application. This review examines the current advancements in regenerative dentistry, emphasizing the pivotal role of stem cells, particularly oral stem cells, in the regeneration of dental tissues. It also explores the integration of scaffolds and growth factors to understand their synergistic effects in tissue engineering.

Materials and methods
A thorough analysis of contemporary scientific literature was conducted to review advancements in regenerative dentistry, focusing on the role of oral stem cells, the integration of scaffolds, and growth factors. This included peer-reviewed journal articles, conference proceedings, and relevant studies from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science.

Results
Significant progress has been made in the development of biomaterials and scaffold designs for dental tissue engineering. Oral stem cells show promise in regenerating dental tissues when used in conjunction with scaffolds and growth factors. However, challenges remain in clinical translation, including complexities in stem cell differentiation, scaffold biocompatibility, and the controlled release of growth factors.

Conclusions
Oral stem cells present a promising avenue for dental tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Overcoming existing challenges requires coordinated efforts in research, clinical application, and regulatory frameworks. Future research should focus on optimizing differentiation protocols, enhancing scaffold designs, and addressing ethical and regulatory issues to fully harness the therapeutic potential of regenerative medicine in dental practice.

Clinical relevance
This review provides a comprehensive framework for scientists and clinicians aiming to translate oral stem cell research into practical therapies for dental tissue regeneration and repair, highlighting the progress made and future directions in this evolving field.
Advances in 3-D printing: polymers, fabrication mechanisms, mass balance models and applications
Authors: Otieno Dibli B. , Bosire Geoffrey O. , Onyari John M. , Mwabora Julius M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn Science and Engineering, additive manufacturing, which is synonymously known as 3-D printing is a layer-by-layer computer-aided approach that is used to produce high precision commercial industrial products. So far, 3-D printing techniques, which translate computer-aided virtual 3-D models into physical objects, are gaining traction globally. However, the current evolution from conventional molding and machining to rapid prototyping followed by rapid additive manufacturing prompts new challenges for engineers and scientists alike. This review is particularly prompted by novel innovations in 3-D printing with respect to emerging fabrication designs and mechanisms, printable polymeric materials, and current applications. Central to all spotlights is the discussion on 3-D printing techniques discussed under 3 broad categories; (i) extrusion-based methods, (ii) powder binding technologies and (iii) photopolymerization methods and corresponding polymer design aspects, processing parameters and mass balance models. Aspects of mass-balance models addressed in this review include models of multimaterial 3-D printing of viscoelastic inks, Newtonian fluid in extrusion, the Gaussian Beam model and multiscale computational simulations for prediction of macroscale properties of various polymeric materials. This review also highlights selected applications that demonstrate how polymer-based 3-D printing is being exploited in industry, and future perspectives.
Hegel and White Freedom
Authors: Stibor Leonie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHegel's Lectures on the Philosophy of History are notorious for their racist portrayal of Africa. Few scholars, however, have considered their racism to be significant for Hegel's practical philosophy. This is largely because colonialism and Black enslavement appear to conflict with the idea of universal freedom at the heart of Hegel's practical philosophy. In my paper, I argue against this view and defend the claim that Hegel's idea of freedom is linked to white identity. It therefore grounds his racist comments in the Philosophy of History rather than opposing them. In order to show that Hegel's idea of freedom is linked to white identity, I trace its connections with the Western idea of property. My suggestion is that Hegel conceptualizes freedom as appropriation, thereby linking freedom to property and white identity. I conclude that Hegel's idea of freedom is an idea of white freedom and thus not an ‘impartial criterion’ for social critique.
Citizenship in the shadow of law: identifying the origins, effects, and operation of legal ambiguity in Jordan
Authors: Frost Lillian , Schaaf Steven D. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWhat are the origins and effects of legal ambiguity in authoritarian regimes? Using a detailed case study of nationality rights in Jordan – which draws from interviews with 210 Jordanian political officials, judges, lawyers, activists, and citizens/residents – we develop a framework for understanding how legal ambiguity emerges, and how it matters, under authoritarianism. We first conceptualize four discrete forms in which legal ambiguity manifests: lexical ambiguity (in legal texts); substantive ambiguity (in status as law); conflictual ambiguity (between contradictory legal rules); and operational ambiguity (in enforcement processes). We then scrutinize the emergence and effects of legal ambiguity in Jordanian nationality policy by integrating historical process tracing, detailed interview evidence, and a content analysis of archival documents, laws, and court verdicts pertaining to nationality rights. Our findings contribute to scholarship on legal ambiguity, authoritarian legality, and discretionary state authority by showing that (1) crisis junctures make the emergence of legal ambiguity more likely; (2) legal ambiguity takes a variety of different forms that warrant conceptual disaggregation; and (3) different forms of legal ambiguity often have disparate effects on how authoritarian state power is organized and experienced in public life.
Verifying the robustness of automatic credibility assessment
Authors: Przybyła Piotr , Shvets Alexander , Saggion Horacio 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Text classification methods have been widely investigated as a way to detect content of low credibility: fake news, social media bots, propaganda, etc. Quite accurate models (likely based on deep neural networks) help in moderating public electronic platforms and often cause content creators to face rejection of their submissions or removal of already published texts. Having the incentive to evade further detection, content creators try to come up with a slightly modified version of the text (known as an attack with an adversarial example) that exploit the weaknesses of classifiers and result in a different output. Here we systematically test the robustness of common text classifiers against available attacking techniques and discover that, indeed, meaning-preserving changes in input text can mislead the models. The approaches we test focus on finding vulnerable spans in text and replacing individual characters or words, taking into account the similarity between the original and replacement content. We also introduce BODEGA: a benchmark for testing both victim models and attack methods on four misinformation detection tasks in an evaluation framework designed to simulate real use cases of content moderation. The attacked tasks include (1) fact checking and detection of (2) hyperpartisan news, (3) propaganda, and (4) rumours. Our experimental results show that modern large language models are often more vulnerable to attacks than previous, smaller solutions, e.g. attacks on GEMMA being up to 27% more successful than those on BERT. Finally, we manually analyse a subset adversarial examples and check what kinds of modifications are used in successful attacks.
Comparison of single-step methods for genomic prediction of age at first calving in dairy buffaloes
Authors: dos Santos Jessica Cristina Gonçalves , de Araújo Neto Francisco Ribeiro , Fernandez Gabriela Stefani , de Abreu Santos Daniel Jordan , Cunha Felipe Pereira , Aspilcueta-Borquis Rusbel Raul , Tonhati Humberto 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The age at first calving (AFC) is an important trait to be considered in breeding programmes of dairy buffaloes, where new approaches and technologies, such as genomic selection, are constantly applied. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare the predictive ability of different genomic single-step methods using AFC information from Murrah buffaloes. From a pedigree file containing 3320 buffaloes, 2247 cows had AFC records and 553 animals were genotyped. The following models were performed: pedigree-based BLUP (PBLUP), single-step GBLUP (ssGBLUP), weighted single-step GBLUP (WssGBLUP), and single-step Bayesian regression methods (ssBR-BayesA, BayesBπ, BayesCπ, Bayes-Lasso, and BayesRR). To compare the methodologies, the accuracy and dispersion of (G)EBVs were assessed using the LR method. Accuracy estimates for the genotyped animals ranged from 0.30 (PBLUP) to 0.39 (WssGBLUP). Predictions with the traditional model (PBLUP) were very dispersed from what was expected, while BayesCπ (0.99) and WssGBLUP (1.00) obtained the lowest dispersion. The results indicate that the use of genomic information can improve the genetic gain for AFC by increasing the accuracy and reducing inflation/deflation of predictions compared to the traditional pedigree-based model. In addition, among all genomic single-step models studied, WssGBLUP and single-step BayesA were the most advantageous methods to be used in the genomic evaluation of AFC of buffaloes from this population.
Outcomes of guidelines from health technology assessment organizations in community-based primary care: a systematic mixed studies review
Authors: Baradaran Ashkan , Tolentino Raymond , Grad Roland , Ganache Isabelle , Gore Geneviève , Abbasgholizadeh Rahimi Samira , Pluye Pierre 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Health technology assessment (HTA) organizations generate guidelines to inform healthcare practices toward improved health outcomes. This review sought to identify and classify outcomes of guidelines from HTA organizations within published research.

Methodology
We performed a systematic mixed studies review of empirical studies that (a) referred to a published guideline from an HTA organization and (b) reported an outcome resulting from a guideline. We searched the published literature in English or French within seven databases. Outcome types were classified within five dimensions of an existing framework for online health information (e.g., relevance, cognitive/affective impact, and use). Subdimensions were inductively developed. A two-phase sequential data synthesis was performed. Phase 1: a hybrid deductive–inductive thematic analysis identified the types of outcomes and displayed their relationships on a concept map. Phase 2: descriptive statistics were tabulated by the type of outcome.

Results
A total of 6,719 records were retrieved through searches on 6 February 2023. After screening, we included 120 observational studies (twenty-one qualitative, ninety-four quantitative, and five mixed methods). Phase 1 identified twenty-nine types of outcomes. The most frequently reported outcomes were within the organizational dimension (reported in ninety-four studies). The most common subdimensions were “Referrals” (thirty-eight occurrences), the “Quality of Prescriptions” (fifteen occurrences), and the “Quality of Diagnosis” (eight occurrences). For Phase 2, we could only generate descriptive statistics on seventeen outcomes. These were almost equally distributed among positive, neutral, and negative effects. Our results contribute to knowledge about the outcomes of HTA guidelines and options for documenting and measuring them in future evaluations.
Expertise and Inequality Amid Environmental Crisis: A View from the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta
Authors: Warren Joseph 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTScientific expertise is crucial for responding effectively to environmental crises. Nevertheless, under conditions of political inequality, expert policy making can inhibit policy solutions by altering incentives of powerful interest groups. This is the situation facing the predominantly Alaska Native communities of the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, which have long relied on salmon for subsistence and are now experiencing a collapse of the salmon population. Scientific evidence indicates that climate change is a primary cause, and experts therefore have opposed demands by Native subsistence fishers for ameliorative measures—especially restricting pollock fishing—as likely to be ineffective. However, this approach eliminates incentives for the influential pollock industry to support policies to address the salmon crisis, including climate-change mitigation. This article presents a simple formal model that demonstrates these incentive effects. This argument contributes to theories of business power and shows how expert policy making can inadvertently force marginalized communities to bear the burden of climate change.
The unrevealed links: periodontal health, human milk composition, and infant gut microbiome dynamics
Authors: Badewy Rana , Glogauer Michael , Connor Kristin L. , Sgro Michael , Lai Jim Yuan , Bazinet Richard P. , Tenenbaum Howard C. , Azarpazhooh Amir 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Aim:
This review aims to identify the mechanistic relationships related to periodontal diseases and its possible association with changes in human milk composition and the composition and function of infants’ gut microbiome.

Background:
Maternal health conditions, especially inflammatory, are associated with altered human milk composition. It is not known whether maternal oral inflammatory diseases, including periodontal diseases, deleteriously affect human milk composition.

Methods:
A narrative review was conducted according to SANRA, the Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles, guidelines. PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane database of systematic reviews were searched from September 2019 up to December 2023 using keywords such as breast/human milk, maternal health/infections, and periodontal diseases. Reference lists of relevant articles were also screened. Our primary outcome of interest was human milk composition (i.e., any changes in macronutrients, immunological components, etc.). Secondary outcomes included changes in human milk microbiome and subsequent changes in the infant gut microbiome. Outcomes were synthesized using a narrative approach where the existing evidence and current literature were summarized. No risk of bias assessment of the studies was performed in this review.

Findings:
The search yielded no studies investigating the relationship between periodontal diseases in nursing mothers and changes in human milk composition. However, a dose–response relationship exists between the severity of periodontal diseases and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth. Mastitis and diabetes affected milk lipids. Immunoglobulin A (sIgA) was increased in mastitis, whereas reduced concentrations were reported in diabetes. Potential biological pathways through which periodontal diseases can negatively affect human milk composition include the systemic dissemination of inflammatory cytokines like IL-6, PGE2, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-β that can be up-regulated by bacterial by-products. This biological plausibility needs to be investigated, given the potentially negative impact on the quality of human milk that could be caused by periodontal inflammation.
A wearable gait lab powered by sensor-driven digital twins for quantitative biomechanical analysis post-stroke
Authors: Simonetti Donatella , Hendriks Maartje , Koopman Bart , Keijsers Noel , Sartori Massimo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Commonly, quantitative gait analysis post-stroke is performed in fully equipped laboratories housing costly technologies for quantitative evaluation of a patient’s movement capacity. Combining such technologies with an electromyography (EMG)-driven musculoskeletal model can estimate muscle force properties non-invasively, offering clinicians insights into motor impairment mechanisms. However, lab-constrained areas and time-demanding sensor setup and data processing limit the practicality of these technologies in routine clinical care. We presented wearable technology featuring a multi-channel EMG-sensorized garment and an automated muscle localization technique. This allows unsupervised computation of muscle-specific activations, combined with five inertial measurement units (IMUs) for assessing joint kinematics and kinetics during various walking speeds. Finally, the wearable system was combined with a person-specific EMG-driven musculoskeletal model (referred to as human digital twins), enabling the quantitative assessment of movement capacity at a muscle-tendon level. This human digital twin facilitates the estimation of ankle dorsi-plantar flexion torque resulting from individual muscle-tendon forces. Results demonstrate the wearable technology’s capability to extract joint kinematics and kinetics. When combined with EMG signals to drive a musculoskeletal model, it yields reasonable estimates of ankle dorsi-plantar flexion torques (R2 = 0.65 ± 0.21) across different walking speeds for post-stroke individuals. Notably, EMG signals revealing an individual’s control strategy compensate for inaccuracies in IMU-derived kinetics and kinematics when input into a musculoskeletal model. Our proposed wearable technology holds promise for estimating muscle kinetics and resulting joint torque in time-limited and space-constrained environments. It represents a crucial step toward translating human movement biomechanics outside of controlled lab environments for effective motor impairment monitoring.