bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Astronautics—Its Development During the Second Century of the RAeS (1966–2066)
Authors: Cleaver A. V. 
Published: June 2018

The Royal Aeronautical Society is now 102 years old, and astronautics has already existed as a technical discipline for some 70 of these years, even if one disregards its long pre-history of mythology, science-fiction, and vague speculation. Tsiolkovsky began to make his amazing and entirely serious scientific contributions just before the dawn of the twentieth century.This suggestion that aeronautics and astronautics are much of an age would surprise many laymen, who are apt to accept literally the dating of the popular Press; this usually argues that the “Space Age” began with the launching of Sputnik I in 1957, disregarding even the first successful large rocket, the V2, which flew 15 years before Sputnik I. However, whether one argues that astronautics is already a septuagenarian, is in its vigorous and youthful twenties, or is not yet even a teenager, one must admit that its amazing development has occurred mostly in the last decade.
Molecular characterization of prophenoloxidase-1 (PPO1) and the inhibitory effect of kojic acid on phenoloxidase (PO) activity and on the development ofZeugodacus tau(Walker) (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Zhang H.-H. , Luo M.-J. , Zhang Q.-W. , Cai P.-M. , Idrees A. , Ji Q.-E. , Yang J.-Q. , Chen J.-H. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPhenoloxidase (PO) plays a key role in melanin biosynthesis during insect development. Here, we isolated the 2310-bp full-length cDNA of PPO1 fromZeugodacus tau, a destructive horticultural pest. qRT-polymerase chain reaction showed that theZtPPO1transcripts were highly expressed during larval–prepupal transition and in the haemolymph. When the larvae were fed a 1.66% kojic acid (KA)-containing diet, the levels of theZtPPO1transcripts significantly increased by 2.79- and 3.39-fold in the whole larvae and cuticles, respectively, while the corresponding PO activity was significantly reduced; in addition, the larval and pupal durations were significantly prolonged; pupal weights were lowered; and abnormal phenotypes were observed. Anin vitroinhibition experiment indicated that KA was an effective competitive inhibitor of PO inZ. tau. Additionally, the functional analysis showed that 20E could significantly up-regulate the expression ofZtPPO1, induce lower pupal weight, and advance pupation. Knockdown of theZtPPO1gene by RNAi significantly decreased mRNA levels after 24 h and led to low pupation rates and incomplete pupae with abnormal phenotypes during the larval-pupal interim period. These results proved that PO is important for the normal growth ofZ. tauand that KA can disrupt the development of this pest insect.
Management and population dynamics of diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella): planting regimes, crop hygiene, biological control and timing of interventions
Authors: Li Z. , Furlong M.J. , Yonow T. , Kriticos D.J. , Bao H. , Yin F. , Lin Q. , Feng X. , Zalucki M.P. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractUsing an age-structured process-based simulation model for diamondback moth (DBM), we model the population dynamics of this major Brassica pest using the cropping practices and climate of Guangdong, China. The model simulates two interacting sub-populations (demes), each representing a short season crop. The simulated DBM abundance, and hence pest problems, depend on planting regime, crop hygiene and biological control. A continuous supply of hosts, a low proportion of crop harvested and long residue times between harvest and replanting each exacerbate pest levels. Biological control provided by a larval parasitoid can reduce pest problems, but not eliminate them when climate is suitable for DBM and under certain planting practices. The classic Integrated Pest Management (IPM) method of insecticide application, when pest threshold is reached, proved effective and halved the number of insecticide sprays when compared with the typical practice of weekly insecticide application.
TRADE-OFFS BETWEEN EPISTEMIC AND MORAL VALUES IN EVIDENCE-BASED POLICY
Authors: Khosrowi Donal 
Published: June 2018

Abstract:Proponents of evidence-based policy (EBP) call for public policy to be informed by high-quality evidence from randomized controlled trials. This methodological preference aims to promote several epistemic values, e.g. rigour, unbiasedness, precision, and the ability to obtain causal conclusions. I argue that there is a trade-off between these epistemic values and several non-epistemic, moral and political values. This is because the evidence afforded by standard EBP methods is differentially useful for pursuing different moral and political values. I expand on how this challenges ideals of value-freedom and -neutrality in EBP, and offer suggestions for how EBP methodology might be revised.
Use of Hospitals by Older versus Younger Canadians: Myths and Misconceptions
Authors: Wilson Donna M. , Shen Ye , Low Gail 
Published: June 2018

RÉSUMÉAfin de mieux répondre aux préoccupations concernant l’utilisation intensive des hôpitaux par les personnes âgées et l’augmentation subséquente des listes d’attente et de l’attente dans les services de santé hospitaliers au Canada, les données anonymes individuelles des patients hospitalisés en 2014-2015 dans toutes les provinces et territoires (sauf le Québec) ont été analysées. Les personnes de plus de 65 ans composaient 37 % de tous les épisodes de consultation hospitalière et 41,5 % des admissions en soins spéciaux (unités de soins intensifs ou coronariens). De tous les individus admis, 32,8 % étaient des personnes âgées. Les données montrent aussi que seulement 14,3 % des aînés canadiens vivant à l’extérieur du Québec ont été admis à l’hôpital une ou plusieurs fois cette année. Cette étude indique que des problématiques qui ne sont pas liées à l’utilisation des hôpitaux par les personnes âgées devraient être prises en compte en priorité au Canada pour améliorer l’accessibilité aux soins hospitaliers. L’amélioration des soins aux personnes âgées est aussi indiquée, considérant le risque plus élevé d’admission ou de mort à l’hôpital, et leurs séjours plus longs en milieu hospitalier, qui pourraient être expliqués par un manque de services hospitaliers et communautaires adaptés aux aînés.
Staphylococcus aureusin the nose and throat of Iowan families
Authors: Hanson B. M. , Kates A. E. , O'Malley S. M. , Mills E. , Herwaldt L. A. , Torner J. C. , Dawson J. D. , Farina S. A. , Klostermann C. , Wu J. Y. , Quick M. K. , Forshey B. M. , Smith T. C. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe study objective was to determine the prevalence ofStaphylococcus aureuscolonisation in the nares and oropharynx of healthy persons and identify any risk factors associated with suchS. aureuscolonisation. In total 263 participants (177 adults and 86 minors) comprising 95 families were enrolled in a year-long prospective cohort study from one urban and one rural county in eastern Iowa, USA, through local newspaper advertisements and email lists and through the Keokuk Rural Health Study. Potential risk factors including demographic factors, medical history, farming and healthcare exposure were assessed. Among the participants, 25.4% of adults and 36.1% minors carriedS. aureusin their nares and 37.9% of adults carried it in their oropharynx. The overall prevalence was 44.1% among adults and 36.1% for minors. Having at least one positive environmental site forS. aureusin the family home was associated with colonisation (prevalence ratio: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.07–1.66). The sensitivity of the oropharyngeal cultures was greater than that of the nares cultures (86.1% compared with 58.2%, respectively). In conclusion, the nares and oropharynx are both important colonisation sites for healthy community members and the presence ofS. aureusin the home environment is associated with an increased probability of colonisation.
Estimating the prevalence of chronic hepatitis C virus infection in New York City, 2015
Authors: Bocour A. , Greene S. K. , Laraque F. , Winters A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractChronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the most common blood-borne infection in the USA. Estimating prevalence is critical for monitoring diagnosis, treatment, and cure and for allocating resources. Surveillance data reported to the New York City (NYC) Health Department, 2000–2015, were used to estimate HCV prevalence in NYC in 2015. The numbers who died, out-migrated or whose last RNA test was negative were removed from the count of people reported with HCV. A simulation model was used to remove estimates of people whose infection spontaneously cleared or was cured and to add an estimate of people unaware of infection. The surveillance-based HCV prevalence in NYC in 2015 overall was 1.4% (95% certainty level (CL) 1.2–1.6%; n ≈ 116 000, 95% CL ≈99 000–135 000) and among adults aged ⩾20 years was 1.8% (95% CL 1.5–2.0%, n ≈ 115 000, 95% CL ≈99 000–134 000), lower than the 2010 estimate among adults aged ⩾20 years of 2.4% (n ≈ 147 000). Contributors to the decrease in HCV prevalence from 2010 to 2015 include both the availability of highly effective treatment and also deaths among an ageing population. The 2015 estimate can be used to set NYC-specific HCV screening and treatment targets and monitor progress towards HCV elimination.
Micromechanical resonator with dielectric nonlinearity
Authors: Mateen Farrukh , Boales Joseph , Erramilli Shyamsunder , Mohanty Pritiraj 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNonlinear response of dielectric polarization to electric field in certain media is the foundation of nonlinear optics. Optically, such nonlinearities are observed at high light intensities, achievable by laser, where atomic-scale field strengths exceeding 106–108 V/m can be realized. Nonlinear optics includes a host of fascinating phenomena such as higher harmonic frequency generation, sum and difference frequency generation, four-wave mixing, self-focusing, optical phase conjugation, and optical rectification. Even though nonlinear optics has been studied for more than five decades, such studies in analogous acoustic or microwave frequency ranges are yet to be realized. Here, we demonstrate a nonlinear dielectric resonator composed of a silicon micromechanical resonator with an aluminum nitride piezoelectric layer, a material known to have a nonlinear optical susceptibility. Using a novel multiport approach, we demonstrate second and third-harmonic generation, sum and difference frequency generation, and four-wave mixing. Our demonstration of a nonlinear dielectric resonator opens up unprecedented possibilities for exploring nonlinear dielectric effects in engineered structures with an equally broad range of effects such as those observed in nonlinear optics. Furthermore, integration of a nonlinear dielectric layer on a chip-scale silicon micromechanical resonator offers tantalizing prospects for novel applications, such as ultra high harmonic generation, frequency multipliers, microwave frequency-comb generators, and nonlinear microwave signal processing.
Machine learning modeling of superconducting critical temperature
Authors: Stanev Valentin , Oses Corey , Kusne A. Gilad , Rodriguez Efrain , Paglione Johnpierre , Curtarolo Stefano , Takeuchi Ichiro 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSuperconductivity has been the focus of enormous research effort since its discovery more than a century ago. Yet, some features of this unique phenomenon remain poorly understood; prime among these is the connection between superconductivity and chemical/structural properties of materials. To bridge the gap, several machine learning schemes are developed herein to model the critical temperatures (Tc) of the 12,000+ known superconductors available via the SuperCon database. Materials are first divided into two classes based on their Tc values, above and below 10 K, and a classification model predicting this label is trained. The model uses coarse-grained features based only on the chemical compositions. It shows strong predictive power, with out-of-sample accuracy of about 92%. Separate regression models are developed to predict the values of Tc for cuprate, iron-based, and low-T
c
compounds. These models also demonstrate good performance, with learned predictors offering potential insights into the mechanisms behind superconductivity in different families of materials. To improve the accuracy and interpretability of these models, new features are incorporated using materials data from the AFLOW Online Repositories. Finally, the classification and regression models are combined into a single-integrated pipeline and employed to search the entire Inorganic Crystallographic Structure Database (ICSD) for potential new superconductors. We identify >30 non-cuprate and non-iron-based oxides as candidate materials.
Reply to ‘Increased food supply mitigates ocean acidification effects on calcification but exacerbates effects on growth’
Authors: Ramajo Laura , Hendriks Iris E. , Lagos Nelson A. , Krause-Jensen Dorte , Marbà Núria , Sejr Mikael K. , Duarte Carlos M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn the Brown et al. study ‘Increased food supply mitigates ocean acidification effects on calcification but exacerbates effects on growth’ they show disagreement with the tested hypothesis and data analysis methodology used in our 2016 study. We acknowledge careful criticism and a constructive dialogue are necessary to progress science and address these issues in this reply.Replying to: Brown et al. Sci. Rep. 8 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-28012-w.
Non-Linear Self-Heating in Organic Transistors Reaching High Power Densities
Authors: Klinger Markus P. , Fischer Axel , Kleemann Hans , Leo Karl 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe improvement of the performance of organic thin-film transistors is driven by novel materials and improved device engineering. Key developments are a continuous increase of the charge carrier mobility, a scale-down of transistor dimensions, and the reduction of contact resistance. Furthermore, new transistor designs such as vertical devices are introduced to benefit from drastically reduced channel length while keeping the effort for structuring moderate. Here, we show that a strong electrothermal feedback occurs in organic transistors, ultimately leading to output characteristics with regions of S-shaped negative differential resistance. For that purpose, we use an organic permeable-base transistor (OPBT) with outstanding current densities, where a strong and reproducible, non-linear electrothermal feedback is revealed. We derive an analytical description of the temperature dependent current-voltage behavior and offer a rapid investigation method for material systems, where a temperature-activated conductivity can be observed.
Geodetic evidence for interconnectivity between Aira and Kirishima magmatic systems, Japan
Authors: Brothelande E. , Amelung F. , Yunjun Z. , Wdowinski S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIt is not known whether clustered or aligned volcanic edifices at the Earth surface have connected magmatic systems at depth. Previously suggested by geological records of paired eruptions, volcano interconnectivity still lacks proper geodetic evidence. Here we use GPS time-series and deformation modeling to show how Aira caldera and Kirishima, two adjacent volcanic centers in Kagoshima graben (southern Japan), interacted during Kirishima unrest in 2011. Whereas Aira caldera had been inflating steadily for two decades, it deflated during the eruption of Kirishima which started with a large-volume lava extrusion. This deflation, which cannot be explained by stress changes, is interpreted as the result of magma withdrawal from the Aira system during the Kirishima replenishment phase. This study highlights the behavior of connected neighboring volcanic systems before and after a large eruption, and the importance of taking into account volcano interactions in eruption probability models.
Interaction between the barley allelochemical compounds gramine and hordenine and artificial lipid bilayers mimicking the plant plasma membrane
Authors: Lebecque Simon , Crowet Jean-Marc , Lins Laurence , Delory Benjamin M. , du Jardin Patrick , Fauconnier Marie-Laure , Deleu Magali 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSome plants affect the development of neighbouring plants by releasing secondary metabolites into their environment. This phenomenon is known as allelopathy and is a potential tool for weed management within the framework of sustainable agriculture. While many studies have investigated the mode of action of various allelochemicals (molecules emitted by allelopathic plants), little attention has been paid to their initial contact with the plant plasma membrane (PPM). In this paper, this key step is explored for two alkaloids, gramine and hordenine, that are allelochemicals from barley. Using in vitro bioassays, we first showed that gramine has a greater toxicity than hordenine towards a weed commonly found in northern countries (Matricaria recutita L.). Then, isothermal titration calorimetry was used to show that these alkaloids spontaneously interact with lipid bilayers that mimic the PPM. The greater impact of gramine on the thermotropic behaviour of lipids compared to hordenine was established by means of infrared spectroscopy. Finally, the molecular mechanisms of these interactions were explored with molecular dynamics simulations. The good correlation between phytotoxicity and the ability to disturb lipid bilayers is discussed. In this study, biophysical tools were used for the first time to investigate the interactions of allelochemicals with artificial PPM.
Downregulation of WNT11 is associated with bladder tissue fibrosis in patients with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome without Hunner lesion
Authors: Choi Daeheon , Han Ju-Young , Shin Jung Hyun , Ryu Chae-Min , Yu Hwan Yeul , Kim Aram , Lee Seungun , Lim Jisun , Shin Dong-Myung , Choo Myung-Soo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study assessed the functional role of WNT genes and the association between WNT signalling cascades and fibrosis in interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) patients. Twenty-five patients (3 males, 22 females; mean age 59.7 ± 10.9 years), included 7 non-Hunner-type IC (NHIC), 18 Hunner-type IC (HIC), and 5 non-IC (control) groups. The expression of sonic hedgehog, WNT gene family, and genes previously reported as biomarkers for IC/BPS were examined using RT-PCR in biopsy specimens from the mucosa and submucosa layer of the bladder. WNT2B, WNT5A, WNT10A, and WNT11 functions in the urothelium were evaluated by silencing in an HBlEpC cell line. Pelvic Pain and Urgency/Frequency Patient Symptom Scale scores, O’Leary-Sant Symptom and Problem Index scores, and Visual Analogue Scores did not differ between the NHIC and HIC groups. However, HIC patients had significantly shorter symptom duration (30.9 vs 70.8 months, p = 0.046), higher daily urinary frequency (16.1 versus 8.5 times, p = 0.006), and smaller bladder capacity (208.6 versus 361.4 ml, p = 0.006) than NHIC patients. Overall WNT gene expression was lower in NHIC than HIC patients. Bladder epithelial tissues from HIC patients were characterised by the downregulation of WNT11. Silencing of WNT11, WNT2B, WNT5A, and WNT10A in HBlEpCs resulted in fibrotic changes, indicated by fibrotic morphology, increased fibrosis-related gene expression, and nuclear localisation of phosphorylated SMAD2, and increased vimentin and fibronectin levels. Downregulation of WNT11 results in fibrotic changes of bladder epithelial cells and is associated with the pathogenesis and differential diagnosis of NHIC. Decreased expression of WNT11 is a potential biomarker for predicting NHIC.
The role of sentrin-specific protease 2 substrate recognition in TGF-β-induced tumorigenesis
Authors: Chang Che-Chang , Huang Yen-Sung , Lin Ying-Mei , Lin Chia-Ju , Jeng Jen-Chong , Liu Shin-Mei , Ho Tsai-Ling , Chang Ruei-Ting , Changou Chun A. , Ho Chun-Chen , Shih Hsiu-Ming 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSmad4, a common-mediator of Smads, plays a central role in forming complexes with receptor-phosphorylated Smads, and then transduces transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signals into the nuclei. Although many cellular factors are involved in TGF-β induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell migration, very little is known with the mechanism of Smad4 regulation on pro-oncogenes response by TGF-β. Herein, we demonstrate the interaction of Sentrin-specific protease 2 (SENP2) with Smad4 through SENP2 residue 363~400. The same segment is also important for desumoylation of Smad4, and able to relieve sumoylation-mediated TGF-β repression. The SENP2363~400segment is critical for TGF-β-induced cell migration, which is correlated with SENP2363~400deletion mutant failed to increase matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and EMT marker gene expression. Moreover, our results suggest that the interaction and desumoylation between SENP2 and Smad4 promote cell migration in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Altogether, our data show how SENP2 regulates its substrate for desumoylation, and also the role of SENP2 in TGF-β induced cancer cell migration.
xMD-miRNA-seq to generate near in vivo miRNA expression estimates in colon epithelial cells
Authors: Rosenberg Avi Z. , Wright Carrie , Fox-Talbot Karen , Rajpurohit Anandita , Williams Courtney , Porter Corey , Kovbasnjuk Olga , McCall Matthew N. , Shin Joo Heon , Halushka Marc K. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAccurate, RNA-seq based, microRNA (miRNA) expression estimates from primary cells have recently been described. However, this in vitro data is mainly obtained from cell culture, which is known to alter cell maturity/differentiation status, significantly changing miRNA levels. What is needed is a robust method to obtain in vivo miRNA expression values directly from cells. We introduce expression microdissection miRNA small RNA sequencing (xMD-miRNA-seq), a method to isolate cells directly from formalin fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues. xMD-miRNA-seq is a low-cost, high-throughput, immunohistochemistry-based method to capture any cell type of interest. As a proof-of-concept, we isolated colon epithelial cells from two specimens and performed low-input small RNA-seq. We generated up to 600,000 miRNA reads from the samples. Isolated epithelial cells, had abundant epithelial-enriched miRNA expression (miR-192; miR-194; miR-200b; miR-200c; miR-215; miR-375) and overall similar miRNA expression patterns to other epithelial cell populations (colonic enteroids and flow-isolated colon epithelium). xMD-derived epithelial cells were generally not contaminated by other adjacent cells of the colon as noted by t-SNE analysis. xMD-miRNA-seq allows for simple, economical, and efficient identification of cell-specific miRNA expression estimates. Further development will enhance rapid identification of cell-specific miRNA expression estimates in health and disease for nearly any cell type using archival FFPE material.
Discovery of a lunar air temperature tide over the ocean: a diagnostic of air-sea coupling
Authors: Sakazaki T. , Hamilton K. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe lunar semidiurnal (L2) tide in the Earth’s atmosphere is unique as a purely mechanically forced periodic signal and it has been detected in upper atmosphere winds and temperature and in surface barometric pressure.L2signals in surface air temperature,L2(T), have only been detected at a single land station (results published almost a century ago). We report observational determinations ofL2(T) over the ocean by using data from 38 moored buoys across the tropical Pacific and Atlantic. In contrast to published speculation thatL2(T) should be negligible over ocean, we find that the observedL2(T) is fairly close to that consistent with an adiabaticL2pressure variation. Any deviations from purely adiabatic behavior are a measure of diabatic effects on the surface air—expected to be dominated by damping processes, notably heat exchange with the ocean surface. With the aid of climate model simulations that includeL2-tide-like variations, we demonstrate that our observations ofL2(T) provide a unique diagnosis for the strength of air-sea coupling and a useful constraint on climate model formulations of this coupling.