bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nasoenteric feeding discharge planning for cancer patients in a Brazilian teaching hospital: a best practice implementation project
Authors: Poveda Vanessa de Brito , Marques da Silva Adriana , Toyama Aline Cordeiro , Andrade da Silva Jomana , Shimoda Gilcéria Tochika , Püschel Vilanice Alves de Araújo 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
The objective of this project was to improve local practice in nasoenteric feeding discharge planning for cancer patients in a cancer teaching hospital in São Paulo, Brazil.

Introduction:
Nasoenteric tubes are commonly used for enteral nutrition in patients with cancer for over seven days during their recovery and this may be continued at home, with clear benefits.

Results:
Baseline audit results indicated poor compliance (between 0% and 22%) with the current evidence, although good compliance (100%) was observed for three audit criteria. Implementation of the strategies, including changes to achieve higher participation of caregivers, resulted in an improvement of the audited criteria (100% compliance was maintained for three criteria, compliance increased from 22% to 67% for a further three criteria, with 0% compliance for one criterion).

Conclusions:
Despite the short time frame of this study, an increase in compliance with best practices proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute was observed. Implementing a multidisciplinary meeting before patient discharge remains a challenge.
Tools for Rapid Genetic Engineering of Vibrio fischeri
Authors: Visick Karen L. , Hodge-Hanson Kelsey M. , Tischler Alice H. , Bennett Allison K. , Mastrodomenico Vincent 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTVibrio fischeriis used as a model for a number of processes, including symbiosis, quorum sensing, bioluminescence, and biofilm formation. Many of these studies depend on generating deletion mutants and complementing them. Engineering such strains, however, is a time-consuming, multistep process that relies on cloning and subcloning. Here, we describe a set of tools that can be used to rapidly engineer deletions and insertions in theV. fischerichromosome without cloning. We developed a uniform approach for generating deletions using PCR splicing by overlap extension (SOEing) with antibiotic cassettes flanked by standardized linker sequences. PCR SOEing of the cassettes to sequences up- and downstream of the target gene generates a DNA product that can be directly introduced by natural transformation. Selection for the introduced antibiotic resistance marker yields the deletion of interest in a single step. Because these cassettes also contain FRT (FLP recognition target) sequences flanking the resistance marker, Flp recombinase can be used to generate an unmarked, in-frame deletion. We developed a similar methodology and tools for the rapid insertion of specific genes at a benign site in the chromosome for purposes such as complementation. Finally, we generated derivatives of these tools to facilitate different applications, such as inducible gene expression and assessing protein production. We demonstrated the utility of these tools by deleting and inserting genes known or predicted to be involved in motility. While developed forV. fischeristrain ES114, we anticipate that these tools can be adapted for use in otherV. fischeristrains and, potentially, other microbes.IMPORTANCEVibrio fischeriis a model organism for studying a variety of important processes, including symbiosis, biofilm formation, and quorum sensing. To facilitate investigation of these biological mechanisms, we developed approaches for rapidly generating deletions and insertions and demonstrated their utility using two genes of interest. The ease, consistency, and speed of the engineering is facilitated by a set of antibiotic resistance cassettes with common linker sequences that can be amplified by PCR with universal primers and fused to adjacent sequences using splicing by overlap extension and then introduced directly intoV. fischeri, eliminating the need for cloning and plasmid conjugation. The antibiotic cassettes are flanked by FRT sequences, permitting their removal using Flp recombinase. We augmented these basic tools with a family of constructs for different applications. We anticipate that these tools will greatly accelerate mechanistic studies of biological processes inV. fischeriand potentially otherVibriospecies.
Physicians’ attitudes towards the media and peer-review selection of the ‘best cancer doctor’: comparison of two different selection methods
Authors: Shin Dong Wook , Cho Juhee , Yang Hyung Kook , Kim So Young , Lee Soohyeon , Nam Eun Joo , Chung Joo Seop , Im Jeong-Soo , Park Keeho , Park Jong Hyock 
Published: May 2018

ObjectivesThe choice of doctor is an important issue for patients with cancer, and the reputation of the doctor is the single most important factor for patients to choose a doctor. Media are providing information about the ‘best cancer doctor’, but they vary widely in their selection methodology. We investigated cancer physicians’ attitudes towards the selection of the ‘best cancer doctor’ by the media, by comparing two different selection methodologies: selection by media personnel or selection through peer-review system.DesignNationwide, cross-sectional survey.SettingNational Cancer Center and 12 Regional Cancer Centers across Korea.ParticipantsA total of 680 cancer care physicians participated in the survey (75.5% participation rate), and two were excluded due to incomplete response.Main outcome measuresPhysicians’ opinions on the credibility, fairness, validity, helpfulness to patients, their intention to use the information and helpfulness to improve the quality of cancer care of the two different methods.ResultsOnly a few physicians believed that the selection method of the ‘best cancer doctor’ by the media personnel was credible (9.1%), fair (6.1%) or valid (10.0%). In contrast, the majority agreed that the peer-selection method of the ‘best doctor’ is credible (74.7%), fair (64.7%) and valid (67.4%). More physicians believed the latter methods would be useful for patients when selecting their doctor (38.5% vs 82.2%) and may lead to improvement of the quality of cancer care from the perspective of the healthcare system (12.6% vs 59.8%). The need for ensuring objectiveness and transparency was also raised.ConclusionPhysicians showed different attitudes towards two different selection methods. Regulations or guidelines for selecting the ‘best cancer doctor’ and for disclosing the information should be considered in order to control the quality of the information and to protect the customers.
Development and testing of the Youth Alcohol Norms Survey (YANS) instrument to measure youth alcohol norms and psychosocial influences
Authors: Burns Sharyn K , Maycock Bruce , Hildebrand Janina , Zhao Yun , Allsop Steve , Lobo Roanna , Howat Peter 
Published: May 2018

ObjectivesThis study aimed to develop and validate an online instrument to: (1) identify common alcohol-related social influences, norms and beliefs among adolescents; (2) clarify the process and pathways through which proalcohol norms are transmitted to adolescents; (3) describe the characteristics of social connections that contribute to the transmission of alcohol norms; and (4) identify the influence of alcohol marketing on adolescent norm development.SettingThe online Youth Alcohol Norms Survey (YANS) was administered in secondary schools in Western AustraliaParticipantsUsing a 2-week test–retest format, the YANS was administered to secondary school students (n=481, age=13–17 years, female 309, 64.2%).Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe development of the YANS was guided by social cognitive theory and comprised a systematic multistage process including evaluation of content and face validity. A 2-week test–retest format was employed. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to determine the underlying factor structure of the instrument. Test–retest reliability was examined using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cohen’s kappa.ResultsA five-factor structure with meaningful components and robust factorial loads was identified, and the five factors were labelled as ‘individual attitudes and beliefs’, ‘peer and community identity’, ‘sibling influences’, ‘school and community connectedness’ and ‘injunctive norms’, respectively. The instrument demonstrated stability across the test–retest procedure (ICC=0.68–0.88, Cohen’s kappa coefficient=0.69) for most variables.ConclusionsThe results support the reliability and factorial validity of this instrument. The YANS presents a promising tool, which enables comprehensive assessment of reciprocal individual, behavioural and environmental factors that influence alcohol-related norms among adolescents.
Efficacy and safety of GHX02 in the treatment of acute bronchitis: protocol of a phase II, double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Lyu Yee Ran , Yang Won-Kyung , Park So Jung , Kim Seung-Hyeong , Kang Wee-Chang , Jung In Chul , Park Yang Chun 
Published: May 2018

IntroductionAcute bronchitis is a self-limiting infection of the large airways; cough is the primary symptom, usually lasting for about 3 weeks. Annually, approximately 5% of adults develop acute bronchitis, and its economic burden is substantial. There are also problems of antibiotic abuse in public health systems and symptomatic therapies are commonly prescribed, for which there is insufficient supporting evidence. GHX02 contains four herbs originating from gwaruhaengryeon-hwan, which has been used in the treatment of patients with acute bronchitis in Korea. The objective is to compare the GHX02 and placebo in terms of efficacy and safety, and to determine the appropriate dosage.Methods and analysisWe planned a phase II, multicentre, dose-finding, double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial of two different doses of GHX02 compared with placebo. A total of 150 patients, aged 19–75 years, with a Bronchitis Severity Score (BSS) ≥5 due to acute bronchitis starting within 2 weeks of study enrolment will be recruited from three university-affiliated hospitals across Korea. Participants will be stratified into three patterns using the Korean Standard Tool of Pattern Identifications of Cough and Sputum and randomly assigned to either a high-dose GHX02 group (1920 mg/day), standard-dose GHX02 group (960 mg/day) or placebo group according to a 1:1:1 allocation ratio. Patients will take medications three times daily for 7 days, with two visiting days. The primary outcome measure is a change in BSS from day 0 to day 7. The secondary outcomes are the Questionnaire of Clinical Symptoms of Cough and Sputum, Leicester Cough Questionnaire, frequency of coughing fits, Integrative Medicine Outcome Scale, Integrative Medicine Patient Satisfaction Scale and withdrawal rate of patients with exacerbation. Safety will be assessed by adverse events, vital signs and laboratory examinations.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by our Institutional Review Board (No. DJDSKH-17-DR-14). The trial results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed journals and the Clinical Research Information Service.Trial registration numberNCT03310385; Pre-results.
Association between an individual housing-based socioeconomic index and inconsistent self-reporting of health conditions: a prospective cohort study in the Mayo Clinic Biobank
Authors: Ryu Euijung , Olson Janet E , Juhn Young J , Hathcock Matthew A , Wi Chung-Il , Cerhan James R , Yost Kathleen J , Takahashi Paul Y 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveUsing surveys to collect self-reported information on health and disease is commonly used in clinical practice and epidemiological research. However, the inconsistency of self-reported information collected longitudinally in repeated surveys is not well investigated. We aimed to investigate whether a socioeconomic status based on current housing characteristics, HOUsing-based SocioEconomic Status (HOUSES) index linking current address information to real estate property data, is associated with inconsistent self-reporting.Study setting and participantsWe performed a prospective cohort study using the Mayo Clinic Biobank (MCB) participants who resided in Olmsted County, Minnesota, USA, at the time of enrolment between 2009 and 2013, and were invited for a 4-year follow-up survey (n=11 717).Primary and secondary outcome measuresUsing repeated survey data collected at the baseline and 4 years later, the primary outcome was the inconsistency in survey results when reporting prevalent diseases, defined by reporting to have ‘ever’ been diagnosed with a given disease in the baseline survey but reported ‘never’ in the follow-up survey. Secondary outcome was the response rate for the 4-year follow-up survey.ResultsAmong the MCB participants invited for the 4-year follow-up survey, 8508/11 717 (73%) responded to the survey. Forty-three per cent had at least one inconsistent self-reported disease. Lower HOUSES was associated with higher inconsistency rates, and the association remained significant after pertinent characteristics such as age and perceived general health (OR=1.46; 95% CI 1.17 to 1.84 for the lowest compared with the highest HOUSES decile). HOUSES was also associated with lower response rate for the follow-up survey (56% vs 77% for the lowest vs the highest HOUSES decile).ConclusionThis study demonstrates the importance of using the HOUSES index that reflects current SES when using self-reporting through repeated surveys, as the HOUSES index at baseline survey was inversely associated with inconsistent self-report and the response rate for the follow-up survey.
Digital breast tomosynthesis plus synthesised images versus standard full-field digital mammography in population-based screening (TOSYMA): protocol of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Weigel Stefanie , Gerss Joachim , Hense Hans-Werner , Krischke Miriam , Sommer Alexander , Czwoydzinski Jörg , Lenzen Horst , Kerschke Laura , Spieker Karin , Dickmaenken Stefanie , Baier Sonja , Urban Marc , Hecht Gerold , Heidinger Oliver , Kieschke Joachim , Heindel Walter 
Published: May 2018

IntroductionDevelopment of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) provides a technology that generates three-dimensional data sets, thus reducing the pitfalls of overlapping breast tissue. Observational studies suggest that the combination of two-dimensional (2D) digital mammography and DBT increases diagnostic accuracy. However, because of duplicate exposure, this comes at the cost of an augmented radiation dose. This undesired adverse impact can be avoided by using synthesised 2D images reconstructed from the DBT data (s2D).We designed a diagnostic superiority trial on a high level of evidence with the aim of providing a comparison of screening efficacy parameters resulting from DBT+s2D versus the current screening standard 2D full-field digital mammography (FFDM) in a multicentre and multivendor setting on the basis of the quality-controlled, population-based, biennial mammography screening programme in Germany.Methods and analysis80 000 women in the eligible age 50–69 years attending the routine mammography screening programme and willing to participate in the TOSYMA trial will be assigned by 1:1 randomisation to either the intervention arm (DBT+s2D) or the control arm (FFDM) during a 12-month recruitment period in screening units of North Rhine-Westphalia and Lower Saxony. State cancer registries will provide the follow-up of interval cancers.Primary endpoints are the detection rate of invasive breast cancers at screening examination and the cumulative incidence of interval cancers in the 2 years after a negative examination. Secondary endpoints are the detection rate of ductal carcinoma in situ and of tumour size T1, the recall rate for assessment, the positive predictive value of recall and the cumulative 12-month incidence of interval cancers. An adaptive statistical design with one interim analysis provides the option to modify the design.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol has been approved by the local medical ethical committee (2016-132-f-S). Results will be submitted to international peer-reviewed journals.Trial registrationNCT03377036; Pre-results.
Comparison of indoor temperatures of homes with recommended temperatures and effects of disability and age: an observational, cross-sectional study
Authors: Huebner Gesche M , Hamilton Ian , Chalabi Zaid , Shipworth David , Oreszczyn Tadj 
Published: May 2018

ObjectivesWe examine if temperatures in winter in English homes meet the recommendation of being at least 18°C at all times. We analyse how many days meet this criterion and calculate the hours per day and night being at/above 18°C. These metrics are compared between households with occupants aged above 64 years or having a long-term disability (LTD) and those younger and without disability.DesignCross-sectional, observational.SettingEngland.Participants635 households.Outcomes measures(1) Mean temperatures, (2) proportion of days of the measurement period meeting the criterion, (3) average hours at/above 18°C, (4) average hours at night at/above 18°C.ResultsMean winter temperatures in the bedroom were MBR=18.15°C (SD=2.51), the living room MLR=18.90°C (SD=2.46) and the hallway MHall=18.25°C (SD=2.57).The median number of days meeting the criterion was 19–31%. For the living room, more days meet the criterion in the group with a LTD (Mdisability=342 vs Mno_disability=301, 95% CI 8 to 74), and with someone over 64 years present (Mabove64=341, Mbelow65=301 95%, CI 8 to 74).The median number of hours/day meeting the criterion was 13–17. In the living room, households with a disability had more hours at 18°C (Mdisability=364, Mno_disability=297, 95% CI 17 to 83) as did the older age group (Mabove64=347, Mbelow65=296, 95% CI 18 to 84). In the hallway, more hours met the criterion in households with a disability (Mdisability=338, Mno_disability=302, 95% CI 3 to 70).247 homes had at least nine hours of at least 18°C at night; no effect of age or disability.ConclusionsMany households are at risk of negative health outcomes because of temperatures below recommendations.
Association between secondhand smoke exposure and hypertension in never smokers: a cross-sectional survey using data from Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey V, 2010–2012
Authors: Park Young Sik , Lee Chang-Hoon , Kim Yu-Il , Ahn Chul Min , Kim Ju Ock , Park Ju-Heon , Lee Sang Haak , Kim Jae Yeol , Chun Eun Mi , Jung Tae-Hoon , Yoo Kwang-Ha 
Published: May 2018

ObjectivesSecondhand smoke (SHS) exposure is associated with cardiovascular disease. This study aims to determine the association between SHS exposure estimated by questionnaire and hypertension in Korean never smokers.SettingKorean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) V was conducted from 2010 to 2012.ParticipantsWe selected the never smokers aged over 20 years who answered the question about the SHS exposure.Primary and secondary measuresSHS exposure in both the home and work place was estimated using a self-reporting questionnaire. We investigated the association between SHS exposure and hypertension by using multivariate analysis. And we evaluated the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure values according to SHS exposure after adjusting for possible confounding factors. All analyses were stratified by women and men.ResultsThere were 10 532 (women 8987 and men 1545) never smokers. We divided the subjects into three groups according to the amount of SHS exposure: none—group I, <2 hour/day—group II and ≥2 hour/day—group III. Using multivariate analysis, hypertension was more commonly associated with group III than group I in women (adjusted OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.00 to 2.04, p=0.011). Adjusted mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure values in women who were not taking antihypertensive medication were significantly elevated in group III by 2.3 and 1.7 mm Hg, respectively.ConclusionSHS exposure is significantly associated with hypertension in women never smokers.
Experiences of women in Ireland who accessed abortion by travelling abroad or by using abortion medication at home: a qualitative study
Authors: Aiken Abigail R A , Johnson Dana M , Broussard Kathleen , Padron Elisa 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundThe Republic of Ireland has one of the world’s most restrictive abortion laws, allowing abortion only to preserve a pregnant woman’s life. We examined the impact of the law on women’s options for accessing abortion, their decision-making regarding whichpathway to follow, and their experiences with their chosen approach.MethodsWe conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews with 38 women who had either travelled abroad to access abortion in a clinic or had self-managed a medical abortion at home using online telemedicine, between 2010 and 2017. We coded interview transcripts according to an iteratively developed coding guide and performed a thematic analysis to identify key themes.ResultsWe identified four key themes: (1) self-managing a medical abortion at home using online telemedicine can be a preference over travelling abroad to access abortion services; (2) regardless of the pathway chosen, women experience a lack of pre- and post-abortion support in the Irish healthcare system; (3) feelings of desperation while searching for safe abortion care can lead to considering or attempting dangerous methods; and (4) Irish abortion law and attitudes have impacts beyond physical health considerations, engendering shame and stigma.ConclusionsDespite the country’s restrictive abortion law, women in Ireland do obtain abortions, using methods that are legal and safe elsewhere. However, the law negatively impacts women’s ability to discuss their options with their healthcare professionals and to seek follow-up care, and can have serious implications for their physical and emotional health. This study’s findings provide evidence to inform public and policy discourse on Ireland’s abortion laws.
Distribution of mast cell subtypes in interstitial cystitis: implications for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies?
Authors: Malik Shabana T , Birch Brian R , Voegeli David , Fader Mandy , Foria Vipul , Cooper Alan J , Walls Andrew F , Lwaleed Bashir A 
Published: May 2018

AimsTo identify the presence and geographical distribution of mast cell (MC) subtypes: MCT(tryptase positive–chymase negative) and MCTC(tryptase positive–chymase positive) in bladder tissue.MethodsBladder tissue was obtained from patients with painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis (n=14) and normal histology from University Hospital Southampton tissue bank. Sequential tissue slices were immunohistochemically stained for MC subtypes using anti-MC tryptase (for MCTand MCTC) and anti-MC chymase (for MCTC). Stained sections were photographed, and positively stained MCs were quantified using ImageJ. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and individual paired t-tests.ResultsThere was a significant difference in the density of MCs between each layer of the disease bladder, with the greatest accumulation within the detrusor (p<0.001). There was a significant increase in MCTCsubtype in the lamina (p=0.009) in painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis.ConclusionsOur results suggest that mastocytosis is present within all layers of disease bladder, especially the muscle layer. The varying increase in MC subtypes in the lamina and mucosa may explain the variability in painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis symptoms. A high influx of MCTCin the mucosa of individuals who also had ulceration noted within their diagnostic notes may be of the Hunner’s ulcer subclassification. These findings suggest a relationship between the pathogenesis of MC subtypes and the clinical presentation of painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis. A cohort study would further elucidate the diagnostic and/or therapeutic potential of MCs in patients with painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis.