bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Puzz‐Ling: A hands‐on model of syntax to popularize linguistics as a science
Authors: Ducceschi Luca , Zamparelli Roberto 
Published: July 2018

AbstractModern theoretical linguistics is arguably a science with a well‐defined methodology, relatively simple and inexpensive data‐collection strategies and clear objectives, yet the study of human language is not widely recognized by the general public as a scientific endeavor. Formal syntax and semantics, for instance, have not been popularized, like physics, chemistry, or other hard sciences, and have very rarely found a space in science museums. In this paper, we discuss some aspects of this problem, focusing on syntax and its potential in education and arguing that the lack of popularization derives from the need for different methods of dissemination. To overcome this problem, we present a completely novel approach to syntax education, based on a physical, hands‐on multilingual model, which we have designed and built. The model, called Puzz‐Ling, consists of a set of tiles that can be combined only to form grammatical sentences, in three languages (English, German, and Italian). A simple set of rules and symbols and a string–reordering system based on constituent swapping derive the correct word order in all three languages. The model introduces in a simple and entertaining form some key concepts of (generative) syntax (e.g., tree structures, binary branching, and movement) and displays in an intuitive way the structural difference among languages. The system can be turned into a game with the addition of points and turns, resulting in a hands‐on, “edutainment” approach to language. The mechanics of the game are briefly described, and various trade‐offs encountered in the design phase are discussed.
Visible and Invisible: George Tyrrell and Christ's Bodies
Authors: Loughlin Gerard 
Published: July 2018

AbstractStarting with the laying to rest of George Tyrrell's body in an Anglican grave, outside the bounds of the Catholic Church, this article considers how Tyrrell could yet understand himself to be within the Church, within the body of Christ. Tyrrell developed a distinction between the visible and invisible Church in such a way that a person like himself could be included within the latter. In this, Tyrrell's theology anticipated later ideas of the anonymous Christian and the Church as sacrament, his thinking incorporated within the body of more orthodox, conciliar theology.
Effects of meaningful weight loss beyond symptomatic relief in adults with knee osteoarthritis and obesity: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chu I. J. H. , Lim A. Y. T. , Ng C. L. W. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryExisting clinical guidelines recommend weight loss for adults with knee osteoarthritis and obesity, but the supporting evidence to date remains inadequate. There is also no pooled data on physical function and quality of life. This study aims to examine the efficacy of weight loss on pain, self‐reported disability, physical function and quality of life in adults with knee osteoarthritis and obesity. A systematic database search (from 1990 to June 2017) was conducted, and seven studies were eligible for inclusion. The meta‐analyses demonstrated that a 5% to 10% weight loss significantly improved pain (effect size 0.33, 95% confidence intervals 0.17 to 0.48), self‐reported disability (effect size 0.42, 95% confidence intervals 0.25 to 0.59) and quality of life (physical) (effect size 0.39, 95% confidence intervals 0.24 to 0.54). The results were based on adults with mean body mass index 33.6 to 36.4 kg m−2 and mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis. Results for physical function were inconclusive due to the lack of eligible studies and incomprehensive outcome measures used.
QTL mapping of three ear traits using a doubled haploid population of maize
Authors: Shi Zi , Zhang Ruyang , Xing Jinfeng , Duan Minxiao , Wang Yuandong , Su Aiguo , Wang Fengge , Xu Liwen , Tian Hongli , Wang Jidong , Song Wei , Zhao Jiuran 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEar shape substantially correlates to grain yield, so understanding their genetic architecture is of great significance in maize breeding. Ear length (EL), ear diameter (ED), length of barren tip (LBT) and cob diameter (CD) were determined for 240 doubled haploid maize lines, and all four traits showed a relatively high broad sense heritability around 77%. Using this DH population consisting of 240 lines and a genetic map constructed from 964 SNPs, a total of five, four and three QTLs were identified for EL, ED and CD, respectively, in three various growing conditions. Among these, qEL1‐1, qED1 and qCD1 were consistently mapped at an overlapping location on Chr1, which contributed 15.7, 28.3 and 22.6% of the phenotypic variation in EL, ED and CD, respectively. All other QTLs exhibited minor effect with the phenotypic variation explained ranging from 4.7% to 7.8%. Because most of the QTLs were detected in at least two different planting environments, they appear to be potential loci for gene isolation and marker development in maize molecular breeding.
A construal level approach to understanding interpersonal processes
Authors: Hess Yanine D. , Carnevale Jessica J. , Rosario Melissa 
Published: July 2018

AbstractConstrual level theory proposes that viewing events and objects from a distance (whether physical or psychological) leads individuals to construe them in more abstract, higher‐level ways. At high‐level construal, individuals focus on the overall gist or bigger picture, rather than on situationally‐dependent, concrete details. What patterns then emerge in how construal level relates to interpersonal processes? We find that an individual's construal level has implications for both (a) perceptions of others and (b) social influence. Specifically, our review suggests that high‐level (relative to low‐level) construal is related to greater holistic processing of the self and others by discussing literature linking construal level to person‐perception biases such as the fundamental attribution error and correspondence bias, as well as research on how construal level relates to stereotyping and prejudice. We further review a broad array of research examining social influence relating to self‐relevant feedback, the influence of aggregate versus anecdotal information, and the impact of abstract versus concrete language. We propose future avenues for CLT research relating to person‐perception biases, romantic relationships, stereotyping and prejudice, and the strategic use of construal level in the pursuit of specific interpersonal goals.
Can tropical grasses grown as cover crops improve soil phosphorus availability?
Authors: Almeida D. S. , Menezes‐Blackburn D. , Rocha K. F. , de Souza M. , Zhang H. , Haygarth P. M. , Rosolem C. A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTropical grasses grown as cover crops can mobilize phosphorus (P) in soil and have been suggested as a tool to increase soil P cycling and bioavailability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of tropical grasses on soil P dynamics, lability, desorption kinetics and bioavailability to soya bean, specifically to test the hypothesis that introducing grass species in the cropping system may affect soil P availability and soya bean development according to soil P concentration. Three grass species, ruzi grass (Urochloa ruziziensis), palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha) and Guinea grass (Megathyrsus maximus), were grown in soils with contrasting P status. Soya bean was grown after grasses to assess soil P bioavailability. Hedley P fractionation, microbial biomass P, phytase‐labile P and the diffusive gradient in thin films were determined, before and after cultivation. It was found that grasses remobilized soil P, reducing the concentration of recalcitrant P forms. The effect of grasses on changing the P desorption kinetics parameters did not directly explain the observed variation on P bioavailability to soya bean. Grasses and microorganisms solubilize recalcitrant organic P (Po) forms and tropical grasses grown as cover crops increased P bioavailability to soya bean mainly due to the supply of P by decomposition of grass residues in low‐P soil. However, no clear advantages in soya bean P nutrition were observed when in rotation with these grasses in high‐P soil. This study indicates that further advantages in soya bean P nutrition after tropical grasses may be impeded by phytate, which is not readily available to plants.
Quaternary faulting along the Dandridge-Vonore fault zone in the Eastern Tennessee seismic zone
Authors: Cox R.T. , Hatcher R.D. , Counts R. , Gamble E. , Glasbrenner J. , Warrell K. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
This field guide describes three accessible sites along the Dandridge-Vonore fault zone in the Eastern Tennessee seismic zone. These sites reveal bedrock faulted against Quaternary river sediments, including (1) a thrust fault on the Little River near Alcoa, Tennessee; (2) a series of thrust faults exposed in a drainage ditch that thrust Conasauga Shale against Quaternary colluvium in the footwall; and (3) a normal fault at Tellico Lake near Vonore, Tennessee, with Quaternary sediments faulted against Conasauga Shale.
Sibling influence on children’s objectively measured physical activity: a meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Kracht Chelsea L , Sisson Susan B 
Published: July 2018

AbstractChildren without siblings (only children) have higher rates of obesity than children with siblings. Childhood obesity may be prevented by minimising sedentary behaviour and accumulating sufficient physical activity in young children. A growing number of articles have examined the influence of siblings on physical activity and sedentary behaviour, yet these articles have not been synthesised. ObjectiveTo synthesise literature and describe the influence of siblings on objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour of children (ages 2–18 years). DesignOutcomes were analysed in a systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sourcesPubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Medline OVID were searched for articles related to siblings, physical activity, sedentary behaviour and obesity outcomes from 1947 to March 2018. Eligibility criteriaArticles that evaluated sibling status on physical activity objectively measured by accelerometer or pedometer were included. ResultsNineteen articles, representing 17 independent datasets, were included in the review. Nine were included in the quantitative analysis. Pooled data from nine articles indicated children with siblings had higher moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) relative to only children, with a potential dose response for higher number of children in household and higher MVPA (Mean Difference=3.13, 95% CI 1.90 to 4.35, p=0.001). Findings were mixed for the influence of siblings on sedentary behaviour and light physical activity.Summary/ConclusionChildren with siblings had healthier physical activity patterns, as measured by accelerometer or pedometer, than did only children. Suggested mechanisms include peer modelling, encouraging active transport and sports participation, opportunity for playmate and serving as additional caregivers.Trial registration numberCRD42017055463.
Methods to improve medication adherence in patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases: a systematic literature review
Authors: Lavielle Matthieu , Puyraimond-Zemmour Déborah , Romand Xavier , Gossec Laure , Senbel Eric , Pouplin Sophie , Beauvais Catherine , Gutermann Loriane , Mezieres Maryse , Dougados Maxime , Molto Anna 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveLack of adherence to treatment is frequent in chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases and is associated with poorer outcomes. The objective of this study was to describe and evaluate interventions that have been proposed to enhance medication adherence in these conditions.MethodsA systematic literature review was performed in Pubmed, Cochrane, Embase and clinicaltrials.gov databases completed by the rheumatology meeting (ACR, EULAR and SFR) abstracts from last 2 years. All studies in English or French evaluating an intervention to improve medication adherence in chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases (rheumatoid arthritis (RA), spondyloarthritis (SpA), crystal related diseases, connective tissue diseases, vasculitis and Still’s disease) were included. Interventions on adherence were collected and classified in five modalities (educational, behavioural, cognitive behavioural, multicomponent interventions or others).Results1325 abstracts were identified and 22 studies were finally included (18 studies in RA (72%), 4 studies in systemic lupus erythematosus (16%), 2 studies in SpA (8%) and 1 study in gout (4%)). On 13 randomised controlled trials (RCT) (1535 patients), only 5 were positive (774 patients). Educational interventions were the most represented and had the highest level of evidence: 8/13 RCT (62%, 1017 patients) and 4/8 were positive (50%). In these studies, each patient was individually informed or educated by different actors (physicians, pharmacists, nurses and so on). Supports and contents of these educational interventions were heterogenous.ConclusionDespite the importance of medication adherence in chronic inflammatory rheumatic disorders, evidence on interventions to improve medication adherence is scarce.
Annihilator-stability and unique generation in C(X)
Authors: Azarpanah F. , Farokhpay F. , Ghashghaei E. 
Published: July 2018

Using the equivalence of unique generation and cleanness of [Formula: see text], we give affirmative answers to questions raised in [I. Kaplansky, Elementary divisors and modules, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 66 (1949) 464–491] and [D.D. Anderson et al., When are associates unit multiples? Rocky Mountain J. Math. 34 (2004) 811–828] for rings of real-valued continuous functions. In fact, we show that if [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text] (uniquely generated) then [Formula: see text] is too, and [Formula: see text] is strongly associate if and only if [Formula: see text] is, where [Formula: see text]. We give topological characterizations of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] (annihilator-stable) elements of [Formula: see text] for continuum spaces [Formula: see text] and using this, we observe that the product of two UG elements need not be [Formula: see text]. It is shown that the set of elements in [Formula: see text] which have stable range 1 and the set of [Formula: see text] elements of [Formula: see text] coincide and several examples are given which show that the set of [Formula: see text] elements, the set of [Formula: see text] elements and the set of clean elements of [Formula: see text] can differ. Finally, we characterize spaces [Formula: see text] for which every clean element of [Formula: see text] or every element of [Formula: see text] which has stable range 1 is [Formula: see text].
A few conjectures about the multiple zeta values
Authors: Combariza Germán A. G. 
Published: July 2018

The multiple zeta values (MZVs) form a set of real numbers with, what we believe and module Zagier's Conjecture, a beautiful structure as an algebra over the rational numbers. In this paper we show partial solutions to five well known conjectures about the MZV obtained by using linear systems and shuffle products. We use computer algebra systems to study these conjectures and make our code available online.
We describe how to compute the shuffle minus stuffle product to obtain relations of the MZVs, together with the xtaylor algorithm, to verify the conjectures mentioned above. We note that it is only necessary to solve a linear system, not in MZV but in its powers and products, to find all the relations. We also made all the code available online.
Spliceosome Mutations Induce R Loop-Associated Sensitivity to ATR Inhibition in Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Authors: Nguyen Hai Dang , Leong Wan Yee , Li Weiling , Reddy Pavankumar N.G. , Sullivan Jack D. , Walter Matthew J. , Zou Lee , Graubert Timothy A. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Heterozygous somatic mutations in spliceosome genes (U2AF1, SF3B1, ZRSR2, or SRSF2) occur in &gt;50% of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). These mutations occur early in disease development, suggesting that they contribute to MDS pathogenesis and may represent a unique genetic vulnerability for targeted therapy. Here, we show that RNA splicing perturbation by expression of the U2AF1(S34F) mutant causes accumulation of R loops, a transcription intermediate containing RNA:DNA hybrids and displaced single-stranded DNA, and elicits an ATR response. ATR inhibitors (ATRi) induced DNA damage and cell death in U2AF1(S34F)-expressing cells, and these effects of ATRi were enhanced by splicing modulating compounds. Moreover, ATRi-induced DNA damage was suppressed by overexpression of RNaseH1, an enzyme that specifically removes the RNA in RNA:DNA hybrids, suggesting that the ATRi sensitivity of U2AF1(S34F)-expressing cells arises from R loops. Taken together, our results demonstrate that ATR may represent a novel therapeutic target in patients with MDS carrying the U2AF1(S34F) mutation and potentially other malignancies harboring spliceosome mutations.
Significance: This study provides preclinical evidence that patients with MDS or other myeloid malignancies driven by spliceosome mutations may benefit from ATR inhibition to exploit the R loop–associated vulnerability induced by perturbations in splicing. Cancer Res; 78(18); 5363–74. ©2018 AACR.
mTOR Inhibition via Displacement of Phosphatidic Acid Induces Enhanced Cytotoxicity Specifically in Cancer Cells
Authors: Nguyen Tra-Ly , Nokin Marie-Julie , Egorov Maxim , Tomé Mercedes , Bodineau Clément , Di Primo Carmelo , Minder Lætitia , Wdzieczak-Bakala Joanna , Garcia-Alvarez Maria Concepcion , Bignon Jérôme , Thoison Odile , Delpech Bernard , Surpateanu Georgiana , Frapart Yves-Michel , Peyrot Fabienne , Abbas Kahina , Terés Silvia , Evrard Serge , Khatib Abdel-Majid , Soubeyran Pierre , Iorga Bogdan I. , Durán Raúl V. , Collin Pascal 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe mTOR is a central regulator of cell growth and is highly activated in cancer cells to allow rapid tumor growth. The use of mTOR inhibitors as anticancer therapy has been approved for some types of tumors, albeit with modest results. We recently reported the synthesis of ICSN3250, a halitulin analogue with enhanced cytotoxicity. We report here that ICSN3250 is a specific mTOR inhibitor that operates through a mechanism distinct from those described for previous mTOR inhibitors. ICSN3250 competed with and displaced phosphatidic acid from the FRB domain in mTOR, thus preventing mTOR activation and leading to cytotoxicity. Docking and molecular dynamics simulations evidenced not only the high conformational plasticity of the FRB domain, but also the specific interactions of both ICSN3250 and phosphatidic acid with the FRB domain in mTOR. Furthermore, ICSN3250 toxicity was shown to act specifically in cancer cells, as noncancer cells showed up to 100-fold less sensitivity to ICSN3250, in contrast to other mTOR inhibitors that did not show selectivity. Thus, our results define ICSN3250 as a new class of mTOR inhibitors that specifically targets cancer cells.Significance: ICSN3250 defines a new class of mTORC1 inhibitors that displaces phosphatidic acid at the FRB domain of mTOR, inducing cell death specifically in cancer cells but not in noncancer cells. Cancer Res; 78(18); 5384–97. ©2018 AACR.
Network Propagation Predicts Drug Synergy in Cancers
Authors: Li Hongyang , Li Tingyang , Quang Daniel , Guan Yuanfang 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Combination therapies are commonly used to treat patients with complex diseases that respond poorly to single-agent therapies. In vitro high-throughput drug screening is a standard method for preclinical prioritization of synergistic drug combinations, but it can be impractical for large drug sets. Computational methods are thus being actively explored; however, most published methods were built on a limited size of cancer cell lines or drugs, and it remains a challenge to predict synergism at a large scale where the diversity within the data escalates the difficulty of prediction. Here, we present a state-of-the-field synergy prediction algorithm, which ranked first in all subchallenges in the AstraZeneca-Sanger Drug Combination Prediction DREAM Challenge. The model was built and evaluated using the largest drug combination screening dataset at the time of the competition, consisting of approximately 11,500 experimentally tested synergy scores of 118 drugs in 85 cancer cell lines. We developed a novel feature extraction strategy by integrating the cross-cell and cross-drug information with a novel network propagation method and then assembled the information in monotherapy and simulated molecular data to predict drug synergy. This represents a significant conceptual advancement of synergy prediction, using extracted features in the form of simulated posttreatment molecular profiles when only the pretreatment molecular profile is available. Our cross-tissue synergism prediction algorithm achieves promising accuracy comparable with the correlation between experimental replicates and can be applied to other cancer cell lines and drugs to guide therapeutic choices.
Significance: This study presents a novel network propagation–based method that predicts anticancer drug synergy to the accuracy of experimental replicates, which establishes a state-of-the-field method as benchmarked by the pharmacogenomics research community involving models generated by 160 teams. Cancer Res; 78(18); 5446–57. ©2018 AACR.