bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health‐related behaviours of nurses and other healthcare professionals: A cross‐sectional study using the Scottish Health Survey
Authors: Schneider Anna , Bak Marieke , Mahoney Catherine , Hoyle Louise , Kelly Muireann , Atherton Iain M. , Kyle Richard G. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimsTo estimate the prevalence and co‐occurrence of health‐related behaviours among nurses in Scotland relative to other healthcare workers and those in non‐healthcare occupations.DesignSecondary analysis of nationally representative cross‐sectional data, reported following STROBE guidelines.MethodsFive rounds (2008–2012) of the Scottish Health Survey were aggregated to estimate the prevalence and co‐occurrence of health‐related behaviours (smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, fruit/vegetable intake). The weighted sample (n = 18,820) included 471 nurses (3%), 433 other healthcare professionals (2%), 813 unregistered care workers (4%), and 17,103 in non‐healthcare occupations (91%). Logistic regression models compared the prevalence of specific health‐related behaviours and principal component analysis assessed co‐occurrence of health‐related behaviours between occupational groups.ResultsNurses reported significantly better health‐related behaviours relative to the general working population for smoking, fruit/vegetable intake, and physical activity. No significant difference was found for alcohol consumption between occupational groups. Nurses reported lower levels of harmful co‐occurring behaviours (tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption) and higher levels of preventive behaviours (physical activity and fruit/vegetable intake) compared with the general working population. Other healthcare professionals had the lowest level of harmful health behaviours and the highest level of preventive health behaviours. Health‐related behaviours were poorest among unregistered care workers.ConclusionNurses’ health‐related behaviours were better than the general population but non‐adherence to public health guidelines was concerning.ImpactNurses play an important role in health promotion through patient advice and role‐modelling effects. To maximise their impact, healthcare providers should prioritise increasing access to healthy food, alcohol awareness, and smoking cessation programmes.
A resistance exercise set for a total body workout for adults with intellectual disabilities, a pilot study
Authors: Weterings Stijn , Oppewal Alyt , van Eeden Florien M. M. , Hilgenkamp Thessa I. M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundResistance training has beneficial effects on fitness levels, cardiovascular disease risk, risk of sarcopenia and on performing activities of daily living. The focus of this study is to design a total body resistance exercise set for adults with intellectual disabilities (RESID) with minimal equipment required and to test its feasibility.MethodThe RESID was selected in an expert meeting, and its feasibility was determined in a cross‐sectional pilot study. The feasibility was determined with completion rate, correct execution of exercises and the participant's experience.ResultsThe expert group (n = 7) selected seven exercises for the RESID. The participants (N = 11) performed the RESID twice during regular sports classes. Completion rate and correctness were excellent for all exercises. The participants did not experience any major problems with the RESID.ConclusionsThe RESID is feasible for use in different training settings. A physiotherapist or fitness instructor is required to supervise the training sessions.
Optimizing ex situ genetic resource collections for European livestock conservation
Authors: De Oliveira Silva Rafael , Ahmadi Bouda Vosough , Hiemstra Sipke Joost , Moran Dominic 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEx situ collections offer the potential to reduce extinction risks, affording option to society in maintaining future breeding opportunities for productivity and heritage traits. However, how much should we be seeking to collect and conserve in gene banks, and where? We developed a mathematical model to optimize logistical decisions of breed conservation choices and to evaluate alternative scenarios for efficiently re‐allocating genetic materials currently stored in different European gene banks, allowing for cross‐country collections, cost and cryogenic capacity differentials. We show how alternative allocations for the breeds that are currently stored in 11 European gene banks could reduce overall conservation costs by around 20% by selecting cryogenic banks that have relatively lower combination of fixed and collection costs, and are geographically closer to collection regions. Our results show that centralizing collections in one gene bank would double the costs, relative to collective European collections approaches. We also calculate marginal costs of collections and show that increasing diversity within the gene banks implies in higher costs per conserved breed.
Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment May be Stratified by Advanced Diffusion Metrics and Neurocognitive Testing
Authors: Allen Jason W. , Yazdani Milad , Kang Jian , Magnussen Marcus J. , Qiu Deqiang , Hu William 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEMild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a prevalent disorder, with a subset of patients progressing to dementia each year. Although MCI may be subdivided into amnestic or vascular types as well as into single or multiple cognitive domain involvement, most prior studies using advanced diffusion imaging have not accounted for these categories. The purpose of the current study was to determine if the pattern of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) metrics in patients with amnestic MCI (aMCI) correlate to specific cognitive domain impairments.METHODSNineteen consecutive patients with aMCI referred for brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were included. All subjects underwent neurocognitive testing. A z‐score was calculated for each domain and a composite of all four domains. Brain MRI included standard structural imaging and diffusion imaging. Volumetric, DTI, and DKI metrics were calculated and statistical analysis was performed with adjustments for multiple measures and comparisons.RESULTSStatistically significant correlations between diffusion metrics and cognitive z‐scores were detected: visuospatial‐visuoconstructional z‐scores only correlated with alterations in the corpus callosum splenium, executive functioning z‐scores with the corpus callosum genu, memory testing z‐scores with the left hippocampus, and composite z‐scores with the anterior centrum semiovale.CONCLUSIONNeuroimaging studies of patients with aMCI to date have assumed a population with homogeneous cognitive impairment. Our results demonstrate selective patterns of regional diffusion metric alterations correlate to specific cognitive domain impairments. Future studies should account for this heterogeneity, and this may also be useful for prognostication.
Brain MRI Lesions are Related to Bowel Incontinence in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Fröhlich Kilian , Linker Ralf A. , Engelhorn Tobias , Dörfler Arnd , Lee De‐Hyung , Huhn Konstantin , Schwab Stefan , Hilz Max J. , Seifert Frank , Winder Klemens 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEBowel incontinence in multiple sclerosis might be associated with specific lesion sites. This study intended to determine associations between bowel incontinence and cerebral multiple sclerosis lesions using a voxel‐wise lesion symptom mapping analysis.METHODSWe conducted a retrospective study of multiple sclerosis patients with self‐reported bowel incontinence and matched controls. Lesions were manually outlined on T2‐weighted MRI scans and transformed into stereotaxic space. We performed a voxel‐wise subtraction analysis subtracting the lesion overlap of patients without from patients with bowel incontinence. Finally, we compared the absence or presence of bowel incontinence between patients with and without lesions in a given voxel using the Liebermeister test.RESULTSA total of 51 patients were included in the study. The analysis yielded associations between bowel incontinence and lesions in the supramarginal gyrus of the left secondary somatosensory cortex and another lesion cluster in the right parahippocampal gyrus and amygdala.CONCLUSIONSOur analysis indicates associations between bowel incontinence and lesions in the left supramarginal gyral area contributing to integrating anorectal‐visceral sensation and in the right parahippocampal gyrus and amygdala contributing to generating visceral autonomic arousal states. Moreover, our results suggest left hemispheric dominance of sensory visceral integration, while limbic areas of the right hemisphere seem to contribute to the autonomic component of the defecation process. A limitation of our study is the retrospective evaluation of the bowel incontinence status based on medical records. Further research should evaluate the bowel incontinence status in multiple sclerosis patients prospectively to overcome the limitations of the current study.
Outcomes of maxillary sinus floor augmentation without grafts in atrophic maxilla: A systematic review and meta‐analysis based on randomised controlled trials
Authors: Yang Jing , Xia Ting , Wang Hui , Cheng Zhigang , Shi Bin 
Published: December 2018

SummaryBackgroundMaxillary sinus floor augmentation without grafts has been more widely used, but the efficacy is still controversial.PurposeThe aim of this review was to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of sinus floor augmentation without grafts in atrophic maxilla.MethodsThe electronic databases included PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The meta‐analysis was conducted by Review Manager 5.1. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE).ResultsThe electronic database and manual search yield 707 studies. After critical selection, only 6 studies were eligible. Five studies with 336 implants were included in the meta‐analysis compared sinus augmentation with grafts to without grafts. No significant differences were found between the two groups in implant survivals (P = 0.94), marginal bone loss (P = 0.73) and new bone density (P = 0.54). There was significantly more endosinus bone gain in the grafting group (P = 0.02). According to the GRADE, the levels of evidence were moderate (implant survival and marginal bone loss), low (endosinus bone gain) and very low (new bone density).ConclusionThere were no significant differences between maxillary sinus augmentation with and without grafts in short‐term implant survivals.
Study of nuclear factor-2 erythroid related factor-2 activator, berberine, in paclitaxel induced peripheral neuropathy pain model in rats
Authors: Singh Jagjit , Saha Lekha , Singh Neha , Kumari Puja , Bhatia Alka , Chakrabarti Amitava 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Objectives
The role of nuclear factor-2 erythroid related factor-2 (Nrf2) activator, berberine (BBR), has been established in rat model of streptozotocin induced diabetic neuropathy. Around 30–40% of cancer patients, on paclitaxel (PTX) chemotherapy develop peripheral neuropathy. The present study was contemplated with the aim of establishing the neuropathy preventive role of BBR, in paclitaxel induced peripheral neuropathy model in rats.

Methods
A total of 30 Wistar rats were divided into five groups as follows: Group I: dimethyl sulfoxide; Group II: PTX+ 0.9% NaCl; Group III: Amitriptyline (ATL) + PTX; Group IV: BBR (10 mg/kg) + PTX and Group V: BBR (20 mg/kg) + PTX. Animals were assessed for tail flick latency, tail cold allodynia latency, histopathological scores, oxidative stress parameters, and mRNA expression of the Nrf2 gene in the sciatic nerve.

Key findings
Berberine significantly increased the tail flick and tail cold allodynia latencies and significantly decreased the histopathological score. BBR reduced oxidative stress by significantly decreasing the lipid peroxidation, increasing the superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione levels in the sciatic nerve. BBR also increased the mRNA expression of Nrf2 gene in rat sciatic nerve.

Conclusions
All of these results showed the neuropathy preventing role of BBR in PTX induced neuropathy pain model in rats.
The Effect of Pink/Blue Clothing on Implicit and Explicit Gender‐Related Self‐Cognition and Attitudes Among Men
Authors: Ishii Kunio , Numazaki Makoto , Tado'oka Yoshika 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn many cultures worldwide, one stereotype emerges: Pink is associated with girls and blue is associated with boys. Based on the enclothed cognition theory, the present study examined the effects of men's pink clothing on gender‐related self‐cognition and sex‐role attitudes. Male Japanese participants wore either a pink or blue coat and completed a gender stereotype Implicit Association Test, a self‐rating scale, and gender attitude scales (a measure of egalitarian sex‐role attitude and the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory). Results showed that among participants with low self‐esteem, the implicit self–feminine association was stronger in the pink condition than in the blue condition. On the other hand, participants with high self‐esteem explicitly associated themselves more with power‐oriented traits compared with interpersonal‐oriented traits when they wore a pink coat compared with those who wore a blue coat. Additionally, participants in the pink condition expressed stronger egalitarian sex‐role attitudes and weaker benevolent sexism than those in the blue condition. We propose that men's pink clothing is a means of diminishing gender stereotypes and traditional sex‐role attitudes.
The host range of dermatophytes, it is at all possible? Phenotypic evaluation of the keratinolytic activity of Trichophyton verrucosum clinical isolates
Authors: Gnat Sebastian , Łagowski Dominik , Nowakiewicz Aneta , Zięba Przemysław 
Published: December 2018

SummaryDermatophytes are fungi that have an ability to invade keratinised structures. Enzymes secreted by dermatophytes can underlie fungal survival on the host and development of infection. It is possible that the range of activity of keratinases from various dermatophytes is limited to specific species of animals and groups of people. The aim of this study was to carry out phenotypic analysis of the degree of keratinolytic activity of Trichophyton verrucosum strains using hairs of humans and various animal species as substrates. Our results indicated that the activity of keratinases is substrate‐induced. The host range of T. verrucosum can be defined as wide. The highest activity of keratinases was recorded in media containing keratin from cow (Bos taurus) and sheep (Ovis aries) hairs in comparison with that from other tested species. The production of keratin‐degrading enzymes is a function of time, with the peak of their activity occurring on day 15 of incubation. The role of keratin‐degrading enzymes in the pathogenesis of dermatophytosis is becoming increasingly clearer. Given the conceptual understanding that keratin breakdown may require more than just one enzyme, the use of phenotypic methods is an optimal approach to in vitro study of the decomposition of species‐specific keratin.
Altered Spontaneous Brain Activity in Patients with Classical Trigeminal Neuralgia Using Regional Homogeneity: A Resting‐State Functional MRI Study
Authors: Xiang Chu‐Qi , Liu Wen‐Feng , Xu Qian‐Hui , Su Ting , Yong‐Qiang Shu , Min You‐Lan , Yuan Qing , Zhu Pei‐Wen , Liu Kang‐Cheng , Jiang Nan , Ye Lei , Shao Yi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveNeuroimaging studies have shown that patients with pain‐related conditions have altered neuronal activity and structural functions. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether patients with classical trigeminal neuralgia (CTN) exhibit changes in corresponding neuronal activity via analysis of neuronal activity regional homogeneity (ReHo).MethodsA total of 28 patients presenting with sore eyes (12 men and 16 women) were matched with 28 healthy controls (12 men and 16 women). All participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). This ReHo method was used to assess the consistency of changes in neural activity in various brain regions. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to differentiate ReHo values of patients with CTN from ReHo values of healthy controls. Pearson's correlation analysis was applied to evaluate the correlation between ReHo values of different brain regions of patients with CTN and clinical manifestations.ResultsCompared with healthy controls, patients with CTN were found to have increased ReHo values in the inferior cerebellum bilaterally, right inferior temporal gyrus, right middle occipital gyrus, right fusiform gyrus, right superior frontal gyrus, and right precentral gyrus. ROC curve analysis of each brain region revealed near‐perfect accuracy regarding the area under the curve. However, no correlation between ReHo values and clinical manifestations in patients with CTN was found.ConclusionsCTN is associated with altered neuronal networks in different areas of the brain. ReHo values all possess different degrees of change, implying that CTN has a certain impact on cerebral function.
Contrasting stomatal sensitivity to temperature and soil drought in mature alpine conifers
Authors: Peters Richard L. , Speich Matthias , Pappas Christoforos , Kahmen Ansgar , von Arx Georg , Graf Pannatier Elisabeth , Steppe Kathy , Treydte Kerstin , Stritih Ana , Fonti Patrick 
Published: December 2018

AbstractConifers growing at high elevations need to optimize their stomatal conductance (gs) for maximizing photosynthetic yield while minimizing water loss under less favourable thermal conditions. Yet the ability of high‐elevation conifers to adjust their gs sensitivity to environmental drivers remains largely unexplored.We used 4 years of sap flow measurements to elucidate intraspecific and interspecific variability of gs in Larix decidua Mill. and Picea abies (L.) Karst along an elevational gradient and contrasting soil moisture conditions. Site‐ and species‐specific gs response to main environmental drivers were examined, including vapour pressure deficit, air temperature, solar irradiance, and soil water potential.Our results indicate that maximum gs of L. decidua is >2 times higher, shows a more plastic response to temperature, and down‐regulates gs stronger during atmospheric drought compared to P. abies. These differences allow L. decidua to exert more efficient water use, adjust to site‐specific thermal conditions, and reduce water loss during drought episodes.The stronger plasticity of gs sensitivity to temperature and higher conductance of L. decidua compared to P. abies provide new insights into species‐specific water use strategies, which affect species' performance and should be considered when predicting terrestrial water dynamics under future climatic change.
Pathogenicity and molecular phylogenetic analysis reveal a distinct position of the banana fingertip rot pathogen among the Burkholderia cenocepacia genomovars
Authors: Ansari M. , Taghavi S. M. , Zarei S. , Miri K. , Portier P. , Osdaghi E. 
Published: December 2018

Banana (Musa spp.) is one of the most widely cultivated subtropical fruits around the globe. Banana cultivation has been extensively increased in southeastern Iran over the last two decades. Recently, banana fruits possessing rotten and blackened fingertip symptoms were observed in Sistan‐Baluchestan, Iran. Isolation and characterization of the causal agent showed that the pathogen belongs to the multifaceted bacterial species Burkholderia cenocepacia. Pathogenicity tests and host range assays showed that the strains were pathogenic on banana, as well as carrot, onion and potato. All the strains were resistant to 50 mg L−1 rifampicin and 200 mg L−1 copper sulphate. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA and recA gene sequences showed that the strains belong to two different genomovars of B. cenocepacia (III‐A and III‐B), which also include environmental and cystic fibrosis associated strains of the species. The results obtained from recA phylogeny were confirmed using multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA), although MLSA showed that the banana strains were clustered as a novel phylogroup among the members of both genomovars. Banana‐pathogenic B. cenocepacia strains isolated in Iran were different from the strains isolated in Taiwan, as the ‘B. cepacia epidemic strain marker’ reported in the Taiwanese strains was absent from Iranian strains. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first MLSA‐based study on the banana‐pathogenic strains of B. cenocepacia. However, further in‐depth molecular studies are needed to decipher the relationships between the banana fingertip rot pathogen and the clinical strains of B. cenocepacia.
Evaluating Collaborative Readiness for Interdisciplinary Flood Research
Authors: Tate Eric , Decker Valerie , Just Craig 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIncreasing trends in global flood risk are driven by a complex web of interactions among natural, built environment, and social systems. As a result, flood resilience research is an ideal topic for an interdisciplinary approach. Core characteristics of interdisciplinary research are team collaboration and the systematic integration of disciplinary knowledge, in both problem formulation and analytical methods. Indicators of interdisciplinarity tend to focus on scholarly outcomes, but collaborative processes may be even more important for knowledge integration. In this Perspective piece, we outline and advocate a two‐pronged approach to enhance potential for integrating knowledge: using collaborative proximity to assess team readiness to conduct interdisciplinary research and employing program evaluation to assess change in proximity components over time. To do so, we draw on scholarship in economic geography, team science, and program evaluation. We then connect the findings to a case study of collaboration within our interdisciplinary team of flood researchers, program evaluators, and local stakeholders, as we navigate a multi‐institutional project on flood resilience.
Evaluation of salivary acetylcholinesterase and pseudocholinesterase in patients with Alzheimer's disease: A case–control study
Authors: Ahmadi‐Motamayel Fatemeh , Goodarzi Mohammad Taghi , Tarazi Shabnam , Vahabian Mehrangiz 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and pseudocholinesterase (PChE) in whole saliva in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in healthy subjects. Saliva has a high potential for keeping track of general health and diseases. AD is a type of dementia with reduction in brain cholinergic markers that causes memory, thinking, and behavior problems. Up to 90% decrease in AChE activity has been observed in AD.Methods and resultsThirty healthy subjects and 30 patients with AD participated in this study. Saliva samples were collected from 8 to 10 am. AChE and PChE of saliva were assessed by the Ellman method. Statistical comparison was performed using SPSS 16 for t‐test. The activity of AChE and PChE significantly increased in the group with AD compared to the healthy subjects. Sex had no effect on the activities of these enzymes. No correlation existed between the duration of illness and enzymatic activity. The enzyme levels reduced with age.ConclusionAChE and PChE levels were increased in saliva samples of patients with AD. Therefore, saliva has the potential for being used for the purpose of biomarker evaluation to replace cerebrospinal fluid in patients with AD.