bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obstructive sleep apnea, nighttime arousals, and leukocyte telomere length: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Carroll Judith E , Irwin Michael R , Seeman Teresa E , Diez-Roux Ana V , Prather Aric A , Olmstead Richard , Epel Elissa , Lin Jue , Redline Susan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractStudy ObjectivesSleep disturbances and sleep apnea are associated with increased vulnerability to age-related disease, altering molecular pathways affecting biological aging. Telomere length captures one component of biological aging. We evaluated whether objectively assessed sleep and sleep apnea relate to leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).MethodsMen and women aged 44–84 years (n = 672) from the MESA Stress and MESA Sleep studies underwent polysomnography and 7 day actigraphy (at Exam 5) and assessment of LTL (at baseline [Exam 1] and about 10 years later [Exam 5]).ResultsGeneral linear models adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, BMI, physical activity, and smoking found that severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA; apnea–hypopnea index > 30) was cross-sectionally associated with shorter LTL (p = 0.007). Modest associations of shorter LTL with less rapid eye movement sleep, more stage 1 sleep, wake after sleep onset >30 min, and long sleep duration were found, but these effects were diminished after adjusting for lifestyle and OSA. Exploratory analyses found that higher arousal index at Exam 5 was associated with greater LTL decline over the prior 10 years (p = 0.004).ConclusionsOSA was associated with shorter LTL. Individuals with high-arousal frequency had greater leukocyte telomere attrition over the prior decade. These findings suggest that sleep apnea and sleep fragmentation are associated with accelerated biological aging.
Homozygous NMNAT2 mutation in sisters with polyneuropathy and erythromelalgia
Authors: Huppke Peter , Wegener Eike , Gilley Jonathan , Angeletti Carlo , Kurth Ingo , Drenth Joost P.H. , Stadelmann Christine , Barrantes-Freer Alonso , Brück Wolfgang , Thiele Holger , Nürnberg Peter , Gärtner Jutta , Orsomando Giuseppe , Coleman Michael P. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTWe identified a homozygous missense mutation in the gene encoding NAD synthesizing enzyme NMNAT2 in two siblings with childhood onset polyneuropathy with erythromelalgia. No additional homozygotes for this rare allele, which leads to amino acid substitution T94M, were present among the unaffected relatives tested or in the 60,000 exomes of the ExAC database. For axons to survive, axonal NMNAT2 activity has to be maintained above a threshold level but the T94M mutation confers a partial loss of function both in the ability of NMNAT2 to support axon survival and in its enzymatic properties. Electrophysiological tests and histological analysis of sural nerve biopsies in the patients were consistent with loss of distal sensory and motor axons. Thus, it is likely that NMNAT2 mutation causes this pain and axon loss phenotype making this the first disorder associated with mutation of a key regulator of Wallerian-like axon degeneration in humans. This supports indications from numerous animal studies that the Wallerian degeneration pathway is important in human disease and raises important questions about which other human phenotypes could be linked to this gene.
Sparse Project VCF: efficient encoding of population genotype matrices
Authors: Lin Michael F. , Bai Xiaodong , Salerno William J. , Reid Jeffrey G. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSummaryVariant Call Format (VCF), the prevailing representation for germline genotypes in population sequencing, suffers rapid size growth as larger cohorts are sequenced and more rare variants are discovered. We present Sparse Project VCF (spVCF), an evolution of VCF with judicious entropy reduction and run-length encoding, delivering >10X size reduction for modern studies with practically minimal information loss. spVCF interoperates with VCF efficiently, including tabix-based random access.Availability and ImplementationFreely available at github.com/mlin/spVCFContactdna@mlin.net
A conceptual scale model of mobile drilling robot
Authors: Li Dongmin , Zhao Yuanzhi , Zhu Shiming , Luan Hengxuan 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to propose a conceptual scale model of mobile drilling robot according to the actual drilling rig and working conditions to improve the safety and automation of drilling in tunnel construction and coal mining applications.

Design/methodology/approach
A couple of pinion and rack serves as the support mechanism driven by a motor with low rotation speed at high power, and these components are assembled in the center of the robot to tightly fasten the whole body together. The drilling rod and the sleeve are connected through a hole with screw thread so that the rod feeds and rotates simultaneously along with the sleeve. The robot model is automatically controlled by a single-chip microcomputer, and the anti-disturbance circuit is designed as well. A five-step rule obstacle avoidance method is proposed to ensure safe and reliable movement.

Findings
The results of simulation experiments on drilling operation do indicate that the mechanism and control method are feasible and effective.

Research limitations/implications
The robot is nearly complete but indeed remains only an experimental machine.

Originality/value
The design of the mechanism structure for the conceptual robot is novelty. The method of five-step rule obstacle avoidance can improve reliability of obstacle avoidance according to the experimental results, which can meet the requirements of complex working conditions underground coal mine.
Energy saving with using of elliptic pillows in turbulent flow of two-phase water-silver nanofluid in a spiral heat exchanger
Authors: Khodabandeh Erfan , Toghraie Davood , Chamkha A. , Mashayekhi Ramin , Akbari Omidali , Rozati Seyed Alireza 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
Increasing heat transfer rate in spiral heat exchangers is possible by using conventional methods such as increasing number of fluid passes and counter flowing. In addition, newer ideas such as using pillows as baffles in the path of cold and hot fluids and using nanofluids can increase heat transfer rate. The purpose of this study is to simulate turbulent flow and heat transfer of two-phase water-silver nanofluid with 0-6 Vol.% nanoparticle concentration in a 180° path of spiral heat exchanger with elliptic pillows.

Design/methodology/approach
In this simulation, the finite volume method and two-phase mixture model are used. The walls are subjected to constant heat flux of q″ = 150,000 Wm−2. The inlet fluid enters curves path of spiral heat exchanger with uniform temperature Tin = 300 K. After flowing past the pillows and traversing the curved route, the working fluid exchanges heat with hot walls and then exits from the section. In this study, the effect of radiation is disregarded because of low temperature range. Also, temperature jump and velocity slipping are disregarded. The effects of thermophoresis and turbulent diffusion on nanofluid heat transfer are disregarded. By using finite volume method and two-phase mixture model, simulations are performed.

Findings
The results show that the flow and heat transfer characteristics are dependent on the height of pillows, nanoparticle concentration and Reynolds number. Increasing Reynolds number, nanoparticle concentration and pillow height causes an increase in Nusselt number, pressure drop and pumping power.

Originality/value
Turbulent flow and heat transfer of two-phase water-silver nanofluid of 0-6 per cent volume fraction in a 180° path of spiral heat exchanger with elliptic pillows is simulated.
“Please give me an invoice”: VAT evasion and the Portuguese tax lottery
Authors: Wilks Daniela C. , Cruz José , Sousa Pedro 
Published: April 2019

PurposeThe Portuguese tax authority implemented a lottery to encourage citizens to request invoices as a strategy to fight value-added tax (VAT) evasion. As the law does not require citizens to request sales invoices with the consumers’ tax number, doing so is a form of voluntary cooperation in tracking down tax evaders. The purpose of this paper is to understand why ordinary citizens decide to join forces with tax authorities in the fight against VAT evasion by requesting invoices with their tax identification number.Design/methodology/approachAn empirical study was conducted to explore the underlying motivation for Portuguese consumers to request sales invoices with their personal tax identification. The study combines quantitative and qualitative data.FindingsThe results from this study show that rewarding citizens is clearly a factor to be considered in any policy to maximize citizens’ cooperation in tracking down tax evaders. They indicate that fiscal benefits have a stronger effect on the request of invoices than the lottery and that it is necessary to promote good governance and justice.Practical implicationsFindings should be used to inform a cost-effective public policy that takes into account citizens’ concerns and combine deterrent measures and rewards in the form of tax benefits, rather than tax lotteries.Originality/valueThis paper provides new insights into VAT lotteries, which seem to be increasingly favored by policy makers but are an area under-researched. By recommending a course of action to maximize citizens’ cooperation in tracking down tax evaders, the paper provides useful practical implications and is a contribution for the study of VAT evasion policies.
The experiences of perpetrators of filicide participating in treatment within a prison therapeutic community
Authors: Jacobs Laura , Shuker Richard 
Published: April 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the treatment experiences of adult male perpetrators of filicide within prison therapeutic communities (TCs).Design/methodology/approachParticipants took part in semi-structured interviews in order to capture their treatment experiences. The data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.FindingsFive superordinate themes (therapeutic process; acceptance; insight; relationships; and barriers) and ten subordinate themes were identified. All themes were pertinent to understanding the participants’ experiences of TC treatment. The discussion provides reflections about the findings, contrasts them to psychological literature, along with suggestions for clinical practice and future research.Originality/valueThis research addressed a dearth of published literature within the area of male filicide and available treatment interventions.
Individuals’ religiosity and emotional coping in response to disasters
Authors: Lim Jungkyu Rhys , Liu Brooke Fisher , Egnoto Michael , Roberts Holly A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractProviding information to help individuals cope physically and psychologically with a disaster is critical in crisis communication. However, how individuals cope is relatively understudied. In particular, researchers have examined how people emotionally cope during different types of crises, but not in a natural disaster context and not religiosity. Yet, religiosity can be important during disasters, given that about 89% of adults in the United States believe in God (Pew Research Center, 2014). Through ten focus groups (N = 77) and a survey (N = 1,484), this study examines how residents of the Southeast United States cope in response to tornadoes. Findings indicate that participants experience anxiety and fear during a tornado, but fear and hope trigger physical action taking (e.g., sheltering in place or collecting supplies). Prayer during a tornado does not significantly predict action taking. Religiosity significantly predicts physical action taking.
Extraction and Identification of Anthocyanins in Corn Cob and Corn Husk from Cacahuacintle Maize
Authors: Fernandez‐Aulis Fernanda , Hernandez‐Vazquez Liliana , Aguilar‐Osorio Guillermo , Arrieta‐Baez Daniel , Navarro‐Ocana Arturo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPigmented maize has been extensively studied due to its high anthocyanin content. This study has been focused mainly on kernel, although the whole plant of purple corn is a potential source of anthocyanins. First, general parameters of extraction (solvent system, solvent‐to‐solid ratio, number of extractions, and acid type) were established depending on the total anthocyanins content. Then, three extraction methods to access anthocyanins were compared: maceration extraction (ME), ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE), and microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE). Since the residual material still possessed an intense color, a further treatment was performed by application of enzymatic‐assisted extraction (EAE). Three enzymatic cocktails (Xylanases, Celluclast, and Depol), pH, and temperature were evaluated to establish optimal reaction conditions. Subsequent analysis and identification of the anthocyanins obtained by four different extraction techniques were performed using HPLC and HPLC–mass spectrometry, respectively. The most efficient method was UAE using 20 min of ultrasound (100 W) preceded by sample treatment in the following conditions: ethanol/water/lactic acid mixture (80:19:1), two extractions, 1:10 solvent‐to‐solid ratio. As a result, anthocyanins from corn cob and corn husk were extracted at concentrations of 24.32 and 25.80 mg/gDW, respectively. No difference in the anthocyanins profile for samples extracted by three different methods was observed. However, an enhanced presence of cyanidin‐3‐(6’’malonyl)glucoside was detected in the sample corresponding to the EAE method. Therefore, the Cahuacintle corn husk can be considered as a competitive source of anthocyanins with the available commercial sources.
Practical ApplicationThe by‐products obtained from Cacahuacintle purple corn can be potentially used as natural colorants thanks to their anthocyanins content. In this work, we established the most efficient extraction method of anthocyanins from corn husk and corn cob, and demonstrated that their anthocyanins profile is comparable to other Peruvian purple corns, which are currently used as natural colorants. Therefore, the extraction procedure described in this study might be scaled‐up in an industrial process to get access to anthocyanins from undervalued wastes.
Contracting on litigation
Authors: Spier Kathryn E. , Prescott J.J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTwo risk‐averse litigants with different subjective beliefs negotiate in the shadow of a pending trial. Through contingent contracts, the litigants can mitigate risk and/or speculate on the trial outcome. Contingent contracting decreases the settlement rate and increases the volume and costs of litigation. These contingent contracts mimic the services provided by third‐party investors, including litigation funders and insurance companies. The litigants (weakly) prefer to contract with risk‐neutral third parties when the capital market is transaction‐cost free. However, contracting with third parties further decreases the settlement rate, increases the costs of litigation, and may increase the aggregate cost of risk bearing.
Resident burnout in USA and European urology residents: an international concern
Authors: Marchalik Daniel , C. Goldman Charlotte , F. L. Carvalho Filipe , Talso Michele , H. Lynch John , Esperto Francesco , Pradere Benjamin , Van Besien Jeroen , E. Krasnow Ross 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveTo describe the prevalence and predictors of burnout in USA and European urology residents, as although the rate of burnout in urologists is high and associated with severe negative sequelae, the extent and predictors of burnout in urology trainees remains poorly understood.Subjects and methodsAn anonymous 32‐question survey of urology trainees across the USA and four European countries, analysing personal, programme, and institutional factors, was conducted. Burnout was assessed using the validated abridged Maslach Burnout Inventory. Univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression models assessed drivers of burnout in the two cohorts.ResultsOverall, 40% of participants met the criteria for burnout as follows: Portugal (68%), Italy (49%), USA (38%), Belgium (36%), and France (26%). Response rates were: USA, 20.9%; Italy, 45.2%; Portugal, 30.5%; France, 12.5%; and Belgium, 9.4%. Burnout was not associated with gender or level of training. In both cohorts, work–life balance (WLB) dissatisfaction was associated with increased burnout (odds ratio [OR] 4.5, P < 0.001), whilst non‐medical reading (OR 0.6, P = 0.001) and structured mentorship (OR 0.4, P = 0.002) were associated with decreased burnout risk. Lack of access to mental health services was associated with burnout in the USA only (OR 3.5, P = 0.006), whilst more weekends on‐call was associated with burnout in Europe only (OR 8.3, P = 0.033). In both cohorts, burned out residents were more likely to not choose a career in urology again (USA 54% vs 19%, P < 0.001; Europe 43% vs 25%, P = 0.047).ConclusionIn this study of USA and European urology residents, we found high rates of burnout on both continents. Despite regional differences in the predictors of burnout, awareness of the unique institutional drivers may help inform directions of future interventions.
Prevalence of urolithiasis among the Uyghur children of China: a population‐based cross‐sectional study
Authors: Mai Zanlin , Liu Yongda , Wu Wenqi , Aierken Ainiwaer , Jiang Chonghe , Batur Jesur , Wusiman Sulitan , Ma Jinxiang , Li Yusi , Xu Hai , Ainiwa Aikebaier , Saimaiti Saiding , Tuerxun Aierken , Zeng Guohua 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence and associated factors of urolithiasis amongst Uyghur children.Subjects and MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted of Uyghur children (aged ≤14 years) in the Kashgar Region of China, from July to December 2016. Children were selected by a two‐stage random clustered sampling method, evaluated by urinary tract ultrasonography, low‐dose computed tomography (CT) examination, blood and urine analysis, and a questionnaire. The prevalence by CT, the prevalence by self‐report in the questionnaires, and the lifetime prevalence were evaluated. Binary logistic regression was used to estimate the associated factors.ResultsA total of 5605 children were selected and invited to participate in the study. In all, 4813 Uyghur children (2471 boys and 2342 girls), with an mean (SD; range) age of 75.79 (43.81; 2–177) months, were included in the final analysis, with a response rate of 85.9%. The prevalence of paediatric urolithiasis was 1.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5–2.2) by CT, 2.3% (95% CI 1.9–2.7) by self‐report, and 3.6% (95% CI 3.0–4.1) for the overall life‐time. The age‐sex adjusted prevalence was 2.0% (95% CI 1.6–2.4) by CT. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that body mass index, urinary tract infection, a family history of urolithiasis, and excessive sweating could increase the risk of stone formation, whilst breast feeding and drinking water at midnight could decrease the risk.ConclusionsUrolithiasis is a major public health problem amongst Uyghur children, and strategies aimed at the prevention of urolithiasis are needed.
Exporting firms and the demand for skilled tasks
Authors: Brambilla Irene , Lederman Daniel , Porto Guido 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper explores the link between exports and the demand for skilled tasks. Using the Chilean Encuesta Nacional Industrial Anual (ENIA), an annual census of manufacturing firms, we first show that Chilean exporters utilize more skills than Chilean non‐exporters. More importantly, we establish a distinct pattern of task differentiation among exporters both within skilled and unskilled tasks. Exporting firms demand the services of skilled specialized workers (engineers) as opposed to skilled administrative workers and managers. In addition, exporters demand less unskilled labour, especially blue‐collar operatives. This suggests that exporters substitute skilled engineers for unskilled blue‐collar workers to perform export‐related tasks.
Clinical usefulness of magnifying colonoscopy for the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis‐associated neoplasia
Authors: Kawasaki Keisuke , Nakamura Shotaro , Esaki Motohiro , Kurahara Koichi , Eizuka Makoto , Nuki Yoichiro , Kochi Shuji , Fujiwara Minako , Oshiro Yumi , Sugai Tamotsu , Matsumoto Takayuki 
Published: April 2019

Background and AimThe aim of this investigation was to evaluate the efficacy of Japanese magnifying colonoscopic classifications for ulcerative colitis‐associated neoplasia (UCAN).MethodsWe reviewed the colonoscopy records from 2011 to 2018 at our institutions and identified cases of endoscopically or surgically resected UCAN observed by magnifying narrow‐band imaging (NBI) endoscopy and magnifying chromoendoscopy. Association between magnifying endoscopic classification and histopathological findings was investigated retrospectively. Japan NBI expert team (JNET) classification and pit pattern classification were applied.ResultsThere were 17 patients who had a diagnosis of UCAN. Tumors of types 2A, 2B and 3 by JNET classification correlated with the histopathological findings of low‐grade dysplasia (LGD)/high‐grade dysplasia (HGD), HGD, and massively submucosal invasive (mSM) carcinoma, respectively. Tumors of types III/IV, VI low irregularity, and VI high irregularity/VN by pit pattern classification were correlated with the histopathological findings of LGD/HGD, HGD, and mSM carcinoma, respectively.ConclusionsJapan NBI expert team classification and pit pattern classification may be predictive of the histological diagnosis and invasion depth of UCAN. This needs to be investigated prospectively in a large cohort or in a randomized clinical trial.
A call from justice to support the people in Gaza
Authors: Lederman Zohar , Lederman Shmuel , Daniels Emily Shepp 
Published: April 2019

AbstractUsing Madison Powers and Ruth Faden's definition of ‘well‐being,’ the authors argue that Israel, the international community and public health practitioners have a justice‐based obligation to assist the Palestinian people in the Occupied Palestinian Territories. Focusing on Palestinians in Gaza, the authors first outline a normative framework of justice, as articulated by Powers and Faden. Following Powers and Faden's assumption that empirical assessments of justice can be made using the six dimensions of well‐being, the authors next present current data on the living conditions in Gaza and describe how these conditions prevent residents from achieving sufficient levels of well‐being. Using these indicators to demonstrate that Palestinians living in Gaza suffer deficiencies in these dimensions of well‐being, the authors present a strong argument from justice to assist the residents of Gaza. The medical, public health, and bioethics community cannot sit idle while injustice continues.