bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Festival community networks and transformative place-making
Authors: Jarman David 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
Festivals are often explicitly connected to the destinations in which they take place, explored here as contributing to broader processes of place-making and engagement with local communities. Place is defined at a local scale, primarily as experienced by volunteer contributors to an arts and cultural festival in urban Scotland. Networked relationships between festival volunteers inform the research methods and analysis, reflecting both observer and insider perspectives. This paper aims to comment on varying attitudes among the contributors, relating these findings to their positions in the festival’s social network.

Design/methodology/approach
Social network analysis methods were used to capture and examine data from a sample of festival volunteers: a survey instrument was distributed among individuals identified by the creative director, acting as a key informant. These data generated information on connections between the respondents, as well as demographic and opinion-based attribute data. Network centrality measures were used to sample the respondents for four follow-up interviews with festival volunteers.

Findings
The resulting network revealed a core-periphery structure to the festival’s organising team. The influential core group members were more established volunteers, recognised for their value to the team. The festival was widely endorsed as contributing to local place-making, though not uncritically. Management implications were identified for the dual nature of the festival organisation: a formal hierarchy with clear functional departments, acting as a platform for an intangible yet vital social network.

Originality/value
Social relationships are shown to have profound implications for the management and identity of this volunteer festival, in relation to its host neighbourhood. Combining social network analysis with semi-structured interviews has demonstrated the value of this mixed methods approach.
Succeeding in an increasingly Agile world
Authors: Denning Steve 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
As Agile management thinking spreads to every part and every kind of organization, including their competitors, corporate leaders need to take steps to ensure they get and keep a good seat at the Agile table.

Design/methodology/approach
The author’s first hand research finds that firms are learning the hard way that software process and value innovation requires a different way of running the organization to be successful. The whole firm has to become nimble, adaptable and able to adjust on the fly to meet the shifting whims of a marketplace driven by dynamic changes in customer value.

Findings
The Agile way of working is provoking a revolution in business that affects almost everyone. Agile organizations are connecting everyone and everything, everywhere, all the time. They are capable of delivering instant, intimate, frictionless value on a large scale.

Practical implications
Examples of the new way of running organizations are everywhere apparent. It’s not just the five biggest firms by market capitalization: Amazon, Apple, Facebook, Google and Microsoft. It’s also firms like Airbnb, Etsy, Lyft, Menlo Innovations, Netflix, Saab, Samsung, Spotify, Tesla, Uber and Warby Parker.

Social implications
A new kind of management was needed to enable this new kind of worker -- a fundamentally different way of running organizations. Agile is economically more productive and a better fit with the new marketplace. And it had immense potential benefit for the human spirit. It could create workplaces that enabled human beings to contribute their full talents on something worthwhile and meaningful – creating value for other human beings.

Originality/value
Continuing the management practices and structures of the lumbering industrial giants of the 20th Century is no longer a viable option for today’s firms. To survive, let alone thrive, leaders today must recognize that Agile is not something happening in software alone.
Juvenile survival, competing risks, and spatial variation in mortality risk of a marine apex predator
Authors: Benson John F. , Jorgensen Salvador J. , O'Sullivan John B. , Winkler Chuck , White Connor F. , Garcia‐Rodriguez Emiliano , Sosa‐Nishizaki Oscar , Lowe Christopher G. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Reliable estimates of mortality have been a major gap in our understanding of population ecology for marine animals. This is especially true for juveniles, which are often the most vulnerable age class and whose survival can strongly influence population growth. Thousands of pop‐up archival satellite tags (PAT) have been deployed on a variety of marine species, but analysis of these data has mainly been restricted to movement ecology and post‐handling survival following fisheries bycatch. We used PAT data to provide empirical estimates of annual survival and cause‐specific mortality for juveniles of a marine top predator.

We tagged and tracked juvenile white sharks in the north eastern Pacific Ocean to (1) estimate survival rates and competing risks and (2) investigate intrinsic and environmental influences on mortality risk. We also evaluated the use of PAT data with respect to meeting assumptions of known‐fate survival models.

Annual juvenile survival rate was 0.632 (SE = 0.15) and annual natural mortality rate (0.08, SE = 0.06) was lower than the rate of gillnet interactions (0.48, SE = 0.15). Mortality risk decreased with greater body length and was significantly greater (hazard ratio = 9.05, SE = 0.70) for juvenile sharks in Mexican waters, relative to California waters.

The PAT data allowed for unambiguous determination of fate in most cases, aided by collaborative relationships with fishers and secondary tags deployed on a subset of sharks. Although caution must be exercised to establish whether assumptions are met, our work demonstrates that PAT data represent a widely available, untapped data source that could dramatically increase our understanding of marine population ecology.

Synthesis and applications. Our research shows fisheries bycatch to be the main source of mortality for juvenile white sharks in the northeastern Pacific Ocean, highlighting the need for best practices, such as releasing sharks quickly following incidental capture. Furthermore, mortality risk for juveniles was greater in Mexican waters, such that survival may be lower in colder years when juveniles are likely to move south seeking warmer water. This could increase stochasticity in juvenile survival and negatively influence population growth for this apex predator.
The politics of ageing: health consumers, markets and hegemonic challenge
Authors: Salter Brian , Salter Charlotte 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn recent years ageing has travelled from the placid backwaters of politics into the mainstream of economic, social and cultural debate. What are the forces that have politicised ageing, creating a sustained opposition to the supply side hegemony of pharmaceuticals, medicine and state which has historically constructed, propagated and legitimised the understanding of ageing as decline in social worth? In addressing this question, the paper develops Gramsci's theory of hegemony to include the potentially disruptive demand side power of consumers and markets. It shows how in the case of ageing individuals acting in concert through the mechanisms of the market, and not institutionalised modes of opposition, may become the agents of hegemonic challenge through a combination of lifecourse choice and electoral leverage. In response, the hegemony is adapting through the promotion of professionally defined interpretations of ‘active ageing’ designed to retain hegemonic control. With the forces of hegemony and counter‐hegemony nicely balanced and fresh issues such as intergenerational justice constantly emerging, the political tensions of ageing are set to continue.
‘Scarier than another storm’: values at risk in the mapping and insuring of US floodplains
Authors: Elliott Rebecca 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHow do people respond to the ways in which insurance mediates environmental risks? Socio‐cultural risk research has characterized and analyzed the experiential dimension of risk, but has yet to focus on insurance, which is a key institution shaping how people understand and relate to risk. Insurance not only assesses and communicates risk; it also economizes it, making the problem on the ground not just one of risk, but also of value. This article addresses these issues with an investigation of the social life of the flood insurance rate map, the central technology of the U.S. National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), as it grafts a new landscape of ‘value at risk’ onto the physical and social world of New York City in the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy. Like other risk technologies, ubiquitous in modern societies as decision‐making and planning tools, the map disseminates information about value and risk in order to tame uncertainty and enable prudent action oriented toward the future. However, drawing together interview, ethnographic, and documentary data, I find that for its users on the ground, the map does not simply measure ‘value at risk’ in ways that produce clear strategies for protecting property values from flooding. Instead, it puts values‐beyond simply the financial worth of places‐at risk, as well as implicates past, present, and future risks beyond simply flooding. By informing and enlarging the stakes of what needs protecting, and from what, I argue that plural and interacting ‘values at risk’ shape how people live with and respond to environmental risks that are mediated by insurance technologies.
The Impact of the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program across Insurance Types in California
Authors: Zingmond David S. , Liang Li‐Jung , Parikh Punam , Escarce José J. 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveExamine 30‐day readmission rates for indicator conditions before and after adoption of the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program (HRRP).DataCalifornia hospital discharge data, 2005 to 2014.Study DesignEstimated difference between pre‐HRRP trends and post‐HRRP rates of hospital readmissions after hospitalization for indicator conditions targeted by the HRRP (heart attack, heart failure, and pneumonia) by payer among insured adults.Principal FindingsPost‐HRRP, reductions occurred for the three conditions among Fee‐for‐Service (FFS) Medicare. Readmissions decreased for heart attack and heart failure in Medicare Managed Care (MC). No reductions were observed in the younger commercially insured.ConclusionsPost‐HRRP, greater than expected reductions occurred in rehospitalizations for patients with Medicare FFS and Medicare MC. HRRP incentives may be influencing system‐wide changes influencing care outside of traditional Medicare.
Preparedness for treating victims of terrorist attacks in Australia: Learning from recent military experience
Authors: Rosenfeld Jeffrey V , Mitra Biswadev , Smit De Villiers , Fitzgerald Mark C , Butson Benjamin , Stephenson Michael , Reade Michael C 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe Australian health system is generally well prepared for mass casualty events. Fortunately, there have been very few terrorist attacks and these have involved low numbers of casualties compared with events overseas. Nevertheless, Australian health professionals need to be prepared to treat mass casualties with blast and ballistic trauma. The US military and its allies including Australia have had extensive experience with mass casualty management in the Middle East and Afghanistan wars for more than a decade. To define their experience, they developed the Tactical Combat Casualty Care Guidelines that have saved many lives. It is now prudent to incorporate this knowledge and experience into civilian practice in Australia.
Stability of potential renal acid load
Authors: Versele Vickà , Clarys Peter , Deforche Benedicte , Lefevre Johan , Mertens Evelien , Charlier Ruben , Knaeps Sara , Aerenhouts Dirk 
Published: May 2018

AimThe potential renal acid load (PRAL) has been described in relation to different health outcomes. Outcomes over time and conclusions made are often based on baseline dietary intake values. However, to study reliable long‐term associations, parameters calculated based on dietary intake data, such as PRAL, must be stable over time. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the stability of PRAL and its components over a 10‐year time period.MethodsPRAL values of three‐day dietary intake data from 197 women and 373 men on two assessment moments (2002–2004 and 2012–2014) were calculated. Pearson correlation and intra‐class correlation coefficients were used for assessing the stability of PRAL and its components. Level of agreement between the two assessment moments was estimated after splitting up subjects in quintiles of PRAL, calculating kappa values and changes of quintiles over time.ResultsNo significant differences in mean PRAL over time were found. Stability of PRAL and its components was low. Poor agreement between the first and second assessment was shown by low kappa values and change of most of the subjects to an adjacent and non‐adjacent quintile after 10 years.ConclusionsBased on nutrition assessments carried out using three‐day dietary records, stability of PRAL over a 10‐year time period could not be confirmed, even though no significant difference between mean PRAL and its components over time was found. Therefore, interpretation of longitudinal outcomes based on PRAL and its component calculated at baseline should be interpreted with caution.
Antagonizing peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ facilitates M1‐to‐M2 shift of microglia by enhancing autophagy via the LKB1–AMPK signaling pathway
Authors: Ji Juan , Xue Teng‐Fei , Guo Xu‐Dong , Yang Jin , Guo Ruo‐Bing , Wang Juan , Huang Ji‐Ye , Zhao Xiao‐Jie , Sun Xiu‐Lan 
Published: May 2018

SummaryMicroglia‐mediated neuroinflammation plays a dual role in various brain diseases due to distinct microglial phenotypes, including deleterious M1 and neuroprotective M2. There is growing evidence that the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist rosiglitazone prevents lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced microglial activation. Here, we observed that antagonizing PPARγ promoted LPS‐stimulated changes in polarization from the M1 to the M2 phenotype in primary microglia. PPARγ antagonist T0070907 increased the expression of M2 markers, including CD206, IL‐4, IGF‐1, TGF‐β1, TGF‐β2, TGF‐β3, G‐CSF, and GM‐CSF, and reduced the expression of M1 markers, such as CD86, Cox‐2, iNOS, IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, IFN‐γ, and CCL2, thereby inhibiting NFκB–IKKβ activation. Moreover, antagonizing PPARγ promoted microglial autophagy, as indicated by the downregulation of P62 and the upregulation of Beclin1, Atg5, and LC3‐II/LC3‐I, thereby enhancing the formation of autophagosomes and their degradation by lysosomes in microglia. Furthermore, we found that an increase in LKB1–STRAD–MO25 complex formation enhances autophagy. The LKB1 inhibitor radicicol or knocking down LKB1 prevented autophagy improvement and the M1‐to‐M2 phenotype shift by T0070907. Simultaneously, we found that knocking down PPARγ in BV2 microglial cells also activated LKB1–AMPK signaling and inhibited NFκB–IKKβ activation, which are similar to the effects of antagonizing PPARγ. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that antagonizing PPARγ promotes the M1‐to‐M2 phenotypic shift in LPS‐induced microglia, which might be due to improved autophagy via the activation of the LKB1–AMPK signaling pathway.
A Pilot RCT of an Internet Intervention to Reduce the Risk of Alcohol‐Exposed Pregnancy
Authors: Ingersoll Karen , Frederick Christina , MacDonnell Kirsten , Ritterband Lee , Lord Holly , Jones Brogan , Truwit Lauren 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundPreventing alcohol‐exposed pregnancies (AEPs) could reduce the incidence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Previous face‐to‐face interventions significantly reduced risk for AEP, but a scalable intervention is needed to reach more women at risk.MethodsThis study compared a 6 Core automated, interactive, and tailored Internet intervention, the Contraception and Alcohol Risk Reduction Internet Intervention (CARRII), to a static patient education (PE) website for its effect on AEP risk. Participants were recruited online to a pilot randomized clinical trial (RCT) with baseline, 9 weeks posttreatment, and 6‐month (6‐M) follow‐up assessments. Seventy‐one women completed online questionnaires and telephone interviews and were randomized to CARRII (n = 36) or PE (n = 35). Primary outcomes were rates of risky drinking, unprotected sex episodes, and AEP risk, collected from online prospective diaries.ResultsCARRII participants showed significant reductions in rate of unprotected sex from pretreatment (88.9%) to posttreatment (70.6%) (p < 0.04) and to 6‐M follow‐up (51.5%) (p = 0.001); rate of risky drinking from pretreatment (75.0%) to posttreatment (50.0%) (p < 0.02), but insignificant change from pretreatment to 6‐M follow‐up (57.6%) (p < 0.09); and rate of AEP risk from pretreatment (66.7%) to posttreatment (32.4%) (p = 0.001) and to 6‐M follow‐up (30.3%) (p = 0.005). PE participants demonstrated no significant changes on all 3 variables across all time points. Intent‐to‐treat group‐by‐time tests were not significant, but power was limited by missing diaries. Over 72% of CARRII participants completed all 6 Cores. Exploratory analyses suggest that higher program utilization is related to change.ConclusionsThese data show that CARRII was acceptable, feasible, promising to reduce AEP risk, and merits further testing in a fully powered RCT.
Transethnic differences in GWAS signals: A simulation study
Authors: Zanetti Daniela , Weale Michael E. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractGenome‐wide association studies (GWASs) have allowed researchers to identify thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and other variants associated with particular complex traits. Previous studies have reported differences in the strength and even the direction of GWAS signals across different populations. These differences could be due to a combination of (1) lack of power, (2) allele frequency differences, (3) linkage disequilibrium (LD) differences, and (4) true differences in causal variant effect sizes.To determine whether properties (1)–(3) on their own might be sufficient to explain the patterns previously noted in strong GWAS signals, we simulated case–control data of European, Asian and African ancestry, applying realistic allele frequencies and LD from 1000 Genomes data but enforcing equal causal effect sizes across populations. Much of the observed differences in strong GWAS signals could indeed be accounted for by allele frequency and LD differences, enhanced by the Euro‐centric SNP bias and lower SNP coverage found in older GWAS panels. While we cannot rule out a role for true transethnic effect size differences, our results suggest that strong causal effects may be largely shared among human populations, motivating the use of transethnic data for fine‐mapping.
Enhanced Th1 and inflammatory mRNA responses upregulate NK cell cytotoxicity and NKG2D ligand expression in human pre‐eclamptic placenta and target it for NK cell attack
Authors: Vinnars Marie‐Therese , Björk Emma , Nagaev Ivan , Ottander Ulrika , Bremme Katarina , Holmlund Ulrika , Sverremark‐Ekström Eva , Mincheva‐Nilsson Lucia 
Published: May 2018

ProblemPre‐eclampsia (PE), a severe human pregnancy disorder, is associated with exaggerated systemic inflammation, enhanced cytokine production, and increased shedding of microvesicles leading to endothelial dysfunction, coagulopathy, and extensive placenta destruction. The cause of PE is still unclear. Evidence suggests that its origin lies in the placenta and that the maternal immune system is involved. A shift in cytokine production in PE pregnancy promotes NK cell activation, suggested to be important in PE pathogenesis. In line with this suggestion, we studied NK cell cytotoxicity in peripheral blood of PE patients and controls and the mRNA expression of cytokines and of the NKG2D receptor and its ligands MICA/B and ULBP1‐3 in PE‐ and normal placenta.Method of studyThe cytotoxic capacity of peripheral blood NK cells was analyzed using K562 target cells. The cytokine mRNA profiles and the mRNA expression of the NKG2D receptor and its ligands MICA/B and ULBP 1‐3 in PE placenta were assessed and compared to those in normal placenta using real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR.ResultsThe cytotoxicity of peripheral blood NK cells was upregulated in PE cases. Further, we found an enhanced inflammatory cytokine mRNA response combined with a dysregulated regulatory response and a significant mRNA overexpression of NKG2D receptor and its ligands MICA/B and ULBP in PE placenta.ConclusionThe destruction of chorionic villi observed in PE placenta might be conveyed by an enhanced local cytotoxic response through the NKG2D receptor‐ligand pathway, which in turn might be promoted by an intense inflammatory response not counteracted by regulatory cytokine responses.
Why and for Whom May Coping Planning Have Adverse Effects? A Moderated Mediation Analysis
Authors: Inauen Jennifer , Stocker Andrea , Scholz Urte 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundCoping planning, the formation of plans to overcome behavioral barriers is assumed to promote health behavior maintenance, but the literature on this is inconsistent. In this study, we aimed to investigate the mechanisms of a coping planning intervention that adversely affected maintained safe water consumption. We also explored perceived behavioral difficulty as a potential moderator of coping planning interventions.MethodsIn the second phase of a cluster‐randomised trial, households (N = 177 analyzed) were randomly allocated to a coping planning intervention or a comparison group (repetition of interventions from first intervention phase). Safe water consumption, the mechanisms of coping planning, and perceived difficulty were measured pre‐post. The data were analyzed using mediation and moderated mediation analysis.ResultsChanges in behavioral intention mediated the intervention effects on behavioral maintenance (b = −0.36, 95% CI [−0.91, −0.03]). Changes in perceived coping planning (b = 0.08, 95% CI [−0.12, 0.34]), and maintenance self‐efficacy (b = −0.13, 95% CI [−0.45, 0.01]) did not mediate the effects. Prior perceived difficulty moderated the coping planning intervention effects on maintenance via intention.ConclusionsCoping planning may decrease motivation for health behavior maintenance for persons who experienced few barriers prior to the planning intervention.