bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trophic preference of southern African dung beetles (Scarabaeoidea: Scarabaeinae and Aphodiinae) and its influence on bioindicator surveys
Authors: Tocco Claudia , Balmer Jonathan P. , Villet Martin H. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractEnvironmental assessments using bioindicators gain value if the interpretability of the indicator used is high, and it is clear how survey methods affect survey comparisons. Because dung beetles are favoured as bioindicators, we studied the trophic preference of a southern African beetle community and its potential effects on surveys of beetle diversity using manual sampling of droppings and pitfall traps baited with carnivore, ruminant or nonruminant dung. Manual sampling showed no significant differences between dung types in either dung beetles abundance or species richness. Generalised linear mixed models of total and endocoprid abundances, species richness and Real Shannon index of trap samples showed higher dung beetle diversity associated with ruminant than with nonruminant dung, which in turn was significantly preferred over carnivore dung. Hide beetles (248 Troginae specimens) were attracted almost exclusively to carnivore dung. Paracoprid abundance was comparable between ruminant and nonruminant dung. IndVal analysis showed that, of a total of 47 species, six preferred ruminant dung and only one preferred nonruminant dung. These results imply that different dung beetle species may be used as ecological indicators, depending on their natural history, and that the survey method and the dung type used to survey will influence such assessment results.
Factors influencing reoperation following breast‐conserving surgery
Authors: Philpott Andrew , Wong Joshua , Elder Kenneth , Gorelik Alexandra , Mann G. Bruce , Skandarajah Anita 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundReoperation rates after breast‐conserving surgery are highly variable and the best techniques for optimizing margin clearance are being evaluated. The aim was to identify the reoperation rate at our centre and identify influential factors, including a change in guidelines on margin recommendations and the introduction of in‐theatre specimen X‐ray.MethodsA retrospective review of medical records was undertaken to identify 562 patients who underwent breast conservation at The Royal Melbourne Hospital and Royal Women's Hospital between 2013 and 2015. All cases that underwent subsequent re‐excision or total mastectomy were captured and factors influencing margin excision recorded.ResultsReoperation was undertaken in 19.5% of patients (110; 86 re‐excisions and 24 total mastectomies). There was a reduction in reoperation rate from 25% to 17% (P = 0.01) with adoption of the margin guidelines in 2014, but no significant reduction with the introduction of in‐theatre specimen X‐ray in 2015 (21% versus 16%, P = 0.14). On multivariate analysis, factors that significantly influenced reoperation rates were the presence of multifocality on mammogram (odds ratio (OR): 5.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.6–16.7, P < 0.01); lesion size on mammogram (OR: 2.2 per 10 mm, 95% CI: 1.4–3.6, P < 0.01); smaller excision specimen weight (OR: 0.5 per 25 g of resection, 95% CI: 0.3–0.8, P < 0.01); and pure ductal carcinoma in situ on final pathology (OR: 5.9, 95% CI: 1.9–16.7, P < 0.01).ConclusionOptimizing reoperation rates following breast‐conserving surgery remains a surgical challenge, particularly in patients with in situ or multifocal disease. Adoption of international margin guidelines reduced reoperation rates at our centre; however, introduction of intraoperative specimen X‐ray had no influence.
Psychophysical Evaluation of a Tactile Display Based on Coin Motors
Authors: Stronks H. Christiaan , Parker Daniel J. , Stacey Ashley , Barnes Nick 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTactile vision substitution devices present visual images as tactile representations on the skin. In this study we have tested the performance of a prototype 96‐tactor vibrotactile using a subset of 64 tactors. We have determined the tactile spatial acuity and intensity discrimination in 14 naïve subjects. Spatial acuity was determined using a grating acuity task. Subjects could successfully identify the orientation of horizontal and vertical gratings with an average psychophysical threshold of 120 mm. When diagonal gratings were included in the analysis, the median performance dropped below psychophysical threshold, but was still significantly above chance at gratings of 142 mm wide. Intensity discrimination yielded an average Weber fraction of 0.44, corresponding to 13 discernable “gray levels” in the available dynamic range. Interleaved stimulation of the motors did not significantly affect spatial acuity or intensity discrimination.
Physical activity and parents of very young children: The role of beliefs and social‐cognitive factors
Authors: Cowie Eloise , White Katherine , Hamilton Kyra 
Published: May 2018

ObjectivesDespite the unequivocal benefits of regular physical activity, many parents engage in lower levels of physical activity (PA) following the birth of a child. Drawing on the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and health action process approach (HAPA), an integrative model was developed to examine variables predicting PA in parents of very young children. In addition, key beliefs related to PA intentions and behaviour among parents of very young children were investigated.DesignA prospective‐correlational design with two waves of data collection, spaced one week apart, was adopted.MethodsParents (N = 297) completed an online‐ or paper‐based questionnaire assessing TPB global constructs and belief‐based items as well as family social support and planning from the HAPA. One week later, parents self‐reported their PA behaviour. Data were analysed using latent variable structural equation modelling.ResultsFindings revealed the model was a good fit to the data, accounting for 62% and 27% of the variance in PA intentions and behaviour, respectively. Attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioural control predicted intentions. Family social support failed to predict both planning and intentions. Physical activity was predicted by planning only, with an indirect effect occurring from intentions to behaviour through planning. A number of key beliefs on intentions and behaviour were also identified.ConclusionsThis formative research provides further understanding of the factors that influence the PA behaviour of parents of very young children. Results provide targets for future interventions to increase PA for parents in a transition phase where PA levels decline.
Statement of Contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Despite physical activity benefits, many parents are inactive following the birth of a child

Social‐cognitive models have demonstrated efficacy in predicting physical activity

Weaknesses are inherent in the use of single theories to explain behaviour

What does this study add?

Use of integrative models allows for meaningful prediction of parental physical activity

A range of key beliefs were found to be related to parental physical activity

Results can inform future physical activity interventions for parents of very young children
Improvisers, Incrementalists and Strategists: How and Why Organizations Adopt ADR Innovations
Authors: Roche William (Bill) , Teague Paul , Gormley Tom , Currie Denise 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis article identifies three ways in which alternative dispute resolution (ADR) innovations are adopted by organizations in Ireland: improvisation, incrementalism and strategy, and examines how external and internal influences shape different patterns of ADR innovation. The article contributes to the literature in three ways. First, it highlights the limitations of typologies of innovation based on simple dichotomies, such as reactive/proactive and of prevailing understandings of how ADR may interact with strategy. Second, the article develops an integrated framework for the analysis of influences on patterns of innovation that distinguishes between the features of markets and commercial strategies, organizations, stakeholders and champions and institutions, laws and public policies. Third, the article questions the central premise underlying the literature that a strategic approach to ADR equates with the adoption of conflict management systems.
Adaptation of the adult Functional Mobility Assessment (FMA) into a FMA‐Family Centred (FMA‐FC) paediatric version
Authors: Beavers D. B. , Holm M. B. , Rogers J. C. , Plummer T. , Schmeler M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimThe aims of this study were to adapt an adult wheeled mobility outcome measure, the Functional Mobility Assessment, for use with children (FMA‐Family Centred) and establish the new measure's content validity, test–retest reliability, and internal consistency.BackgroundAlthough several tools exist to measure a child's ability to operate and move a wheeled mobility device, none focus on the ability of the wheeled mobility device to support children and their families as they perform daily activities.MethodsAfter adapting the FMA items with examples relevant to children aged 3–21, parent/caregiver and therapist stakeholder groups recommended adaptations relevant for families with children who cannot respond for themselves.ResultsSix of the initial FMA items were retained with child‐appropriate examples, and 4 new items were developed.ConclusionThe content validity of the FMA‐Family Centred was strongly supported, and internal consistency and test–retest reliability met accepted psychometric standards.
“Fat is really a four‐letter word”: Exploring weight‐related communication best practices in children with and without disabilities and their caregivers
Authors: McPherson A. C. , Knibbe T. J. , Oake M. , Swift J. A. , Browne N. , Ball G. D. C. , Hamilton J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundHealth care professionals play a critical role in preventing and managing childhood obesity, but the American Academy of Pediatrics recently stressed the importance of using sensitive and nonstigmatizing language when discussing weight with children and families. Although barriers to weight‐related discussions are well known, there are few evidence‐based recommendations around communication best practices. Disability populations in particular have previously been excluded from work in this area. The objectives were to present the findings of a recent scoping review to children with and without disabilities and their caregivers for their reactions; and to explore the experiences and perceptions of the children and their caregivers regarding weight‐related communication best practices.MethodsFocus group and individual interviews were conducted with 7–18‐year olds with and without disabilities and their caregivers. The interview guide was created using findings from a recent scoping review of weight‐related communication best practices. Inductive thematic analysis was employed.ResultsEighteen children (9 boys; 7 children with disabilities) and 21 caregivers (17 mothers, 1 step‐father, 3 other caregivers) participated in 8 focus group and 7 individual interviews. Preferred communication strategies were similar across those with and without disabilities, although caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder endorsed more concrete approaches. Discussions emphasizing growth and health were preferred over weight and size. Strengths‐based, solution‐focused approaches for weight conversations were endorsed, although had not been widely experienced.ConclusionPerceptions of weight‐related communication were similar across stakeholder groups, regardless of children's disability or weight status. Participants generally agreed with the scoping review recommendations, suggesting that they apply broadly across different settings and populations; however, tailoring them to specific circumstances is critical. Empirical evaluations are still required to examine the influence of weight‐related communication on clinically important outcomes, including behaviour change and family engagement in care.
Stability of tapered and parallel‐walled dental implants: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Atieh Momen A. , Alsabeeha Nabeel , Duncan Warwick J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundClinical trials have suggested that dental implants with a tapered configuration have improved stability at placement, allowing immediate placement and/or loading. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to evaluate the implant stability of tapered dental implants compared to standard parallel‐walled dental implants.Materials and MethodsApplying the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses (PRISMA) statement, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched for in electronic databases and complemented by hand searching. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias tool and data were analyzed using statistical software.ResultsA total of 1199 studies were identified, of which, five trials were included with 336 dental implants in 303 participants. Overall meta‐analysis showed that tapered dental implants had higher implant stability values than parallel‐walled dental implants at insertion and 8 weeks but the difference was not statistically significant. Tapered dental implants had significantly less marginal bone loss compared to parallel‐walled dental implants. No significant differences in implant failure rate were found between tapered and parallel‐walled dental implants.ConclusionsThere is limited evidence to demonstrate the effectiveness of tapered dental implants in achieving greater implant stability compared to parallel‐walled dental implants. Superior short‐term results in maintaining peri‐implant marginal bone with tapered dental implants are possible. Further properly designed RCTs are required to endorse the supposed advantages of tapered dental implants in immediate loading protocol and other complex clinical scenarios.
Circulating human papillomavirus DNA as a surveillance tool in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jensen K.K. , Grønhøj C. , Jensen D.H. , von Buchwald C. 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundThe incidence of human papillomavirus‐induced (HPV+) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), that is, especially oropharyngeal cancers (OPSCC), is increasing, and a significant proportion of patients encounter disease progression. A simple and sensitive test to identify patients with progression is an unmet need.Objective of ReviewTo systematically review the literature and carry out a meta‐analysis of studies, investigating circulating HPV‐DNA as a biomarker for disease progression in patients with HNSCC.Type of ReviewA systematic review and meta‐analysis.Search StrategyPubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched for articles published in English from January 1980 to November 2017. Search terms used were related to HPV, cancer sites, blood‐based biomarkers and terms for specific use settings.Evaluation MethodArticles reviewed and selected by authors and data on study design, demographic variables, location, HPV status, number of pre‐treatment blood tests, number of post‐treatment blood tests, blood HPV status and number of recurrences and length of follow‐up were extracted. A meta‐analysis of HPV‐DNA as a diagnostic test for recurrence by means of a hierarchical summary receiver operating curve (HSROC) model was performed.ResultsWe identified 5 studies (n = 600 subjects) examining circulating HPV‐DNA in patients with HNSCC. In these 5 studies (n = 411), patients had both pre‐ and post‐treatment blood samples. The pooled sensitivity, in detecting a recurrence, was estimated to be 54% (95% CI: 32%‐74%), while the pooled specificity was 98% (95% CI: 93%‐99.4%). The pooled false‐positive rate is 2% (95% CI: 0.6%‐7%). The area under the curve (AUC) of the summary HSROC was 0.93. Positive predictive value was estimated to 93% and the negative predictive value to 94%.ConclusionsPlasma HPV‐DNA is a promising tool for surveillance in patients with HPV‐related HNSCC, that is, OPSCC, and has a high specificity. By recent technical advances and by increasing follow‐up blood samples, the sensitivity could likely be improved.
Vertical transmission of herpes simplex virus: an update
Authors: Bhatta Anil Kumar , Keyal Uma , Liu Yeqiang , Gellen Emese 
Published: May 2018

SummaryHerpes simplex virus (HSV)‐1 and ‐2 infections are highly prevalent worldwide. HSV infection during pregnancy can result in neonatal herpes infection, which is characterized by lifelong infection with periods of latency and reactivation. HSV can be acquired by an infant during one of three periods: in utero (5 %), peripartum (85 %), or postnatal (10 %). Neonatal HSV is a rare but significant infection that may be associated with severe morbidity and mortality, especially if there is dissemination or central nervous system involvement. Diagnostic and therapeutic advances have led to a reduction in mortality and, to a lesser extent, improvement of neurodevelopmental outcomes, but further developments are still needed. It is essential to improve the clinician's ability to identify infants who are at increased risk of HSV infection and to prevent mother‐to‐child transmission. The development of novel antiviral agents with higher efficacy is a worthwhile aim for the future.
Odonates, gregarines and water mites: why are the same host species infected by both parasites?
Authors: Ilvonen Jaakko J. , Kaunisto Kari M. , Suhonen Jukka 
Published: May 2018

1. Damselflies and dragonflies are widely parasitised insects and numerous studies have tried to understand this host–parasite relationship. However, most of these studies have concentrated on a single host species, neglecting the larger pattern within the Odonata order.2. The aim of this paper was to examine different damselfly and dragonfly species for common endo‐ and ectoparasites and whether a general infection pattern can be found. Additionally, the goal was to investigate whether the phylogeny of the host species could explain these possible infection patterns. To this end, a dataset from the existing literature was compiled and the prevalence of endoparasitic gregarines and ectoparasitic water mites was analysed for 46 different odonate species.3. Three distinct patterns were found: (i) most of the odonate host species had both gregarines and water mites, rather than only either one or neither; (ii) there appears to be a positive association between gregarine and water mite prevalences across host species; (iii) a weak phylogenetic signal was detected in gregarine prevalence and a strong one in water mite prevalence.4. It is hypothesised that, due to the infection and transmission mechanisms by which water mites and gregarines infect different odonate host species, parasitism is aggregated to common, high‐density species. However, much research is needed in order to fully understand this relationship between odonates and their parasites, especially within the same host populations and host species assemblages.
Child‐onset thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura caused by p.R498C and p.G259PfsX133 mutations in ADAMTS13
Authors: Schelpe An‐Sofie , Orlando Christelle , Ercig Bogac , Geeroms Chloë , Pareyn Inge , Vandeputte Nele , Velásquez Pereira Leydi Carolina , Roose Elien , Fostier Karel , Nicolaes Gerry A.F. , Deckmyn Hans , De Meyer Simon F. , Vanhoorelbeke Karen , Jochmans Kristin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntroductionPatients suffering from congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (cTTP) have a deficiency in ADAMTS13 due to mutations in their ADAMTS13 gene.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine ADAMTS13 parameters (activity, antigen, and mutations), to investigate if the propositus suffered from child‐onset cTTP, and to study the in vitro effect of the ADAMTS13 mutations.MethodsADAMTS13 activity and antigen were determined using the FRETS VWF73 assay and ELISA and ADAMTS13 mutations via sequencing of the exons. Mutant proteins were expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells, and their expression was studied using fluorescence microscopy and ELISA. Molecular modeling was used to evaluate the effect of the mutations on ADAMTS13 structure and stability.ResultsThe propositus was diagnosed with cTTP at the age of 20. ADAMTS13 activity was below 10%, and 2 compound heterozygous mutations, the p.R498C point and the p.G259PfsX133 frameshift mutation, were identified. Expression of ADAMTS13 mutants revealed that the p.R498C and the p.G259PfsX133 mutation cause secretion and translation defects in vitro, respectively. Molecular modeling showed that the R498 intra‐domain interactions are lacking in the p.R498C mutant, resulting in protein instability.ConclusionThe ADAMTS13 mutations result in a severe ADAMTS13 deficiency explaining the patient’s phenotype.
Postnatal development of cholinergic input to the thalamic reticular nucleus of the mouse
Authors: Sokhadze Guela , Campbell Peter W. , Guido William 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN), a shell‐like structure comprised of GABAergic neurons, gates signal transmission between thalamus and cortex. While TRN is innervated by axon collaterals of thalamocortical and corticothalamic neurons, other ascending projections modulate activity during different behavioral states such as attention, arousal, and sleep‐wake cycles. One of the largest arise from cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain and brainstem. Despite its integral role, little is known about how or when cholinergic innervation and synapse formation occurs. We utilized genetically modified mice, which selectively express fluorescent protein and/or channelrhodopsin‐2 in cholinergic neurons, to visualize and stimulate cholinergic afferents in the developing TRN. Cholinergic innervation of TRN follows a ventral‐to‐dorsal progression, with nonvisual sensory sectors receiving input during week 1, and the visual sector during week 2. By week 3, the density of cholinergic fibers increases throughout TRN and forms a reticular profile. Functional patterns of connectivity between cholinergic fibers and TRN neurons progress in a similar manner, with weak excitatory nicotinic responses appearing in nonvisual sectors near the end of week 1. By week 2, excitatory responses become more prevalent and arise in the visual sector. Between weeks 3–4, inhibitory muscarinic responses emerge, and responses become biphasic, exhibiting a fast excitatory, and a long‐lasting inhibitory component. Overall, the development of cholinergic projections in TRN follows a similar plan as the rest of sensory thalamus, with innervation of nonvisual structures preceding visual ones, and well after the establishment of circuits conveying sensory information from the periphery to the cortex.