bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential benefit of non-cardiac arrested thromboembolectomy of acute pulmonary embolism for the impaired right ventricular function
Authors: Okada Masaho , Watanuki Hirotaka , Sugiyama Kayo , Futamura Yasuhiro , Matsuyama Katsuhiko 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Acute pulmonary thromboembolism is a fatal condition with high mortality rate in patients with hemodynamic collapse. Early diagnosis and aggressive treatment after circulatory collapse due to pulmonary thromboembolism are important. Although catheter-directed therapy or surgical thromboembolectomy could be considered, the prognosis of such cases is poor.

Methods
We reviewed nine consecutive patients who underwent surgical intervention for acute pulmonary thromboembolism requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation from March 2010 to May 2017. The patients’ demographics, risk factors, operative and postoperative outcomes were retrospectively analyzed. All nine patients who experienced cardiopulmonary arrest or pulseless electrical activity had received cardiopulmonary resuscitation, including endotracheal intubation with cardiac massage. Computed tomography revealed massive pulmonary thromboembolism. Percutaneous cardiopulmonary support was initiated in six cases. Pulmonary thromboembolectomy was performed on a beating heart without aortic cross-clamping in all patients

Results
The mean operation time was 251.9 ± 74.7 min. Among the six patients who received preoperative percutaneous cardiopulmonary support, three were able to wean off cardiopulmonary bypass during the surgery. The other three cases were able to wean off within 3 days postoperatively. The mean postoperative intubation time was 56.3 h. No mortality was observed. All patients were discharged with New York Heart Association functional class I without any neurological complications. No patients developed major and residual thrombi in the pulmonary artery upon postoperative computed tomography.

Conclusions
Pulmonary thromboembolectomy on a beating heart for acute pulmonary thromboembolism may be beneficial for minimizing right ventricular damage and improving clinical outcomes.
The emergence of tolerance of human disturbance in Neotropical birds
Authors: Tryjanowski Piotr , Kosicki Jakub Z. , Hromada Martin , Mikula Peter 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAnimals living close to human settlements more often experience disturbance, but also reduced predation risk. Because an escape response is costly, behavioural adjustments of animals in terms of increased tolerance of humans occurs and is often reported in the literature. However, most such studies have been conducted in and around long-existing cities in Europe and North America, on well-established animal populations. Here, we investigate the degree of tolerance of human disturbance across 132 bird species occurring in disturbed (small farms) and undisturbed (intact wetlands and grasslands) areas in Pantanal, Mato Grosso (Brazil), a region with only a very recent history of human-induced disturbance. We found a clear across-species trend toward higher tolerance of human disturbance in birds near farms when compared with birds in wild areas. Such a flexible and perhaps also rapid emergence of tolerance when facing small-scale and very recent human disturbance presumably involves learning and might be attributed to behavioural plasticity. The ability of birds to modify their degree of tolerance of human disturbance may play a key role in the facilitation of wildlife–human coexistence.
Globalization and the rise of integrated world society: deterritorialization, structural power, and the endogenization of international society
Authors: Babones Salvatore , Aberg John H. S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThere is a widespread feeling that globalization represents a major system change that has or should have brought world society to the forefront of international relations theory. Nonetheless, world society remains an amorphous and undertheorized concept, and its potential role in shaping the structure of the international society of states has scarcely been raised. We build on Buzan's (2018, 2) master concept of ‘integrated’ world society (‘a label to describe the merger of world and interstate society’) to locate the integration of world society in the globalization of social networks. Following the advice of Buzan (2001) and Williams (2014), we use conceptual frameworks from international political economy to systematically explore the structure of integrated world society along six dimensions derived from Mann (1986) and Strange (1988): military/security, political, economic/production, credit, knowledge, and ideological. Our empirical survey suggests that, on each of these dimensions, power has centralized as it has globalized, generating steep global hierarchies in world society that are similar to those that characterize national societies. The centrality of the United States in the networks of world society makes it in effect the ‘central state’ of a new kind of international society that is endogenized within integrated world society.
Concept and proof for an all-silicon MEMS micro speaker utilizing air chambers
Authors: Kaiser Bert , Langa Sergiu , Ehrig Lutz , Stolz Michael , Schenk Hermann , Conrad Holger , Schenk Harald , Schimmanz Klaus , Schuffenhauer David 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMEMS-based micro speakers are attractive candidates as sound transducers for smart devices, particularly wearables and hearables. For such devices, high sound pressure levels, low harmonic distortion and low power consumption are required for industrial, consumer and medical applications. The ability to integrate with microelectronic circuitry, as well as scalable batch production to enable low unit costs, are the key factors benchmarking a technology. The Nanoscopic Electrostatic Drive based, novel micro speaker concept presented in this work essentially comprises in-plane, electrostatic bending actuators, and uses the chip volume rather than the its surface for sound generation. We describe the principle, design, fabrication, and first characterization results. Various design options and governing equations are given and discussed. In a standard acoustical test setup (ear simulator), a MEMS micro speaker generated a sound pressure level of 69 dB at 500 Hz with a total harmonic distortion of 4.4%, thus proving the concept. Further potential on sound pressure as well as linearity improvement is outlined. We expect that the described methods can be used to enhance and design other MEMS devices and foster modeling and simulation approaches.
Hypothalamic neuronal circuits regulating hunger-induced taste modification
Authors: Fu Ou , Iwai Yuu , Narukawa Masataka , Ishikawa Ayako W. , Ishii Kentaro K. , Murata Ken , Yoshimura Yumiko , Touhara Kazushige , Misaka Takumi , Minokoshi Yasuhiko , Nakajima Ken-ichiro 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe gustatory system plays a critical role in sensing appetitive and aversive taste stimuli for evaluating food quality. Although taste preference is known to change depending on internal states such as hunger, a mechanistic insight remains unclear. Here, we examine the neuronal mechanisms regulating hunger-induced taste modification. Starved mice exhibit an increased preference for sweetness and tolerance for aversive taste. This hunger-induced taste modification is recapitulated by selective activation of orexigenic Agouti-related peptide (AgRP)-expressing neurons in the hypothalamus projecting to the lateral hypothalamus, but not to other regions. Glutamatergic, but not GABAergic, neurons in the lateral hypothalamus function as downstream neurons of AgRP neurons. Importantly, these neurons play a key role in modulating preferences for both appetitive and aversive tastes by using distinct pathways projecting to the lateral septum or the lateral habenula, respectively. Our results suggest that these hypothalamic circuits would be important for optimizing feeding behavior under fasting.
Body-centered-cubic structure and weak anharmonic phonon scattering in tungsten
Authors: Chen Yani , Ma Jinlong , Wen Shihao , Li Wu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIt was recently found that the anharmonic phonon–phonon scattering in tungsten is extremely weak at high frequencies, leading to a predominance of electron–phonon scattering and consequently anomalous phonon transport behaviors. In this work, we calculate the phonon linewidths of W along high-symmetry directions from first principles. We find that the weak phonon–phonon scattering can be traced back to two factors. The first is the triple degeneracy of the phonon branches at the P and H points, a universal property of elemental body-centered-cubic (bcc) structures. The second is a relatively isotropic character of the phonon dispersions. When both are met, phonon–phonon scattering rates must vanish at the P and H points. The weak phonon–phonon scattering feature is also applicable to Mo and Cr. However, in other elemental bcc substances like Na, the isotropy condition is violated due to the unusually soft character of the lower transverse acoustic phonon branch along the Γ-N direction, opening emission channels and leading to much stronger phonon–phonon scattering. We also look into the distributions of electron mean-free paths (MFPs) at room temperature in tungsten, which can help engineer the resistivity of nanostructured W for applications such as interconnects.
When does reinforcement learning stand out in quantum control? A comparative study on state preparation
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Ming , Wei Zezhu , Asad Raza , Yang Xu-Chen , Wang Xin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractReinforcement learning has been widely used in many problems, including quantum control of qubits. However, such problems can, at the same time, be solved by traditional, non-machine-learning methods, such as stochastic gradient descent and Krotov algorithms, and it remains unclear which one is most suitable when the control has specific constraints. In this work, we perform a comparative study on the efficacy of three reinforcement learning algorithms: tabular Q-learning, deep Q-learning, and policy gradient, as well as two non-machine-learning methods: stochastic gradient descent and Krotov algorithms, in the problem of preparing a desired quantum state. We found that overall, the deep Q-learning and policy gradient algorithms outperform others when the problem is discretized, e.g. allowing discrete values of control, and when the problem scales up. The reinforcement learning algorithms can also adaptively reduce the complexity of the control sequences, shortening the operation time and improving the fidelity. Our comparison provides insights into the suitability of reinforcement learning in quantum control problems.
Human mesenchymal stem cell sheets in xeno-free media for possible allogenic applications
Authors: Kim Kyungsook , Bou-Ghannam Sophia , Thorp Hallie , Grainger David W. , Okano Teruo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCell-based therapies are increasingly focused on allogeneic stem cell sources because of several advantages in eliminating donor variability (e.g., aging and disease pathophysiology) affecting stem cell quality and in cell-banked sourcing of healthy donors to enable “off-the-shelf” products. However, allogeneic cell therapy is limited by host patient immunologic competence and inconsistent performance due to cell delivery methods. To address allogeneic cell therapy limitations, this study developed a new allogeneic stem cell sheet using human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSC) that present low antigenicity (i.e., major histocompatibility complex, MHC). Optimal conditions including cell density, passage number, and culture time were examined to fabricate reliable hUC-MSC sheets. MHC II antigens correlated to alloimmune rejection were barely expressed in hUC-MSC sheets compared to other comparator MSC sheets (hBMSC and hADSC). hUC-MSC sheets easily graft spontaneously onto subcutaneous tissue in immune-deficient mice within 10 minutes of placement. No sutures are required to secure sheets to tissue because sheet extracellular matrix (ECM) actively facilitates cell-target tissue adhesion. At 10 days post-transplantation, hUC-MSC sheets remain on ectopic target tissue sites and exhibit new blood vessel formation. Furthermore, implanted hUC-MSC sheets secrete human HGF continuously to the murine target tissue. hUC-MSC sheets described here should provide new insights for improving allogenic cell-based therapies.
The role of the miR1976/CD105/integrin αvβ6 axis in vaginitis induced by Escherichia coli infection in mice
Authors: Jiang Lisha , Zhang Lingling , Rui Can , Liu Xia , Mao Zhiyuan , Yan Lina , Luan Ting , Wang Xinyan , Wu Ying , Li Ping , Zeng Xin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractVaginitis is very common among women, especially women of childbearing age, and is associated with significantly increased risk of preterm birth and pelvic inflammatory diseases. An imbalance in the vaginal flora, the primary cause of vaginitis, promotes the initiation and progression of vaginal infections. However, the responsible mechanisms are still poorly understood. Using a murine vaginitis model of Escherichia coli infection, we demonstrated that decreased expression of microRNA1976 and increased expression of CD105 and integrin αvβ6 were closely associated with the progression of vaginal infection. Importantly, we demonstrated for the first time that the microRNA1976/CD105/integrin αvβ6 axis regulates E. coli-mediated vaginal infection in mice, as evidenced by the finding that E. coli-induced vaginal infection was reversed by microRNA1976 overexpression and exacerbated by CD105 overexpression. The regulation of CD105 and integrin αvβ6 by microRNA1976 was further confirmed in a murine model of vaginitis with adenoviral vector treatment. Taken together, our data suggested that microRNA1976 negatively regulates E. coli-induced vaginal infection in mice at least in part by suppressing CD105 and integrin αvβ6 expression. These findings may provide new insight into the mechanisms of E. coli-induced vaginitis, identify a novel diagnostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for flora imbalance-associated vaginitis.
Geosystems‘ Pathways to the Future of Sustainability
Authors: Voda Mihai , Kithiia Shadrack , Jackiewicz Edward , Du Qingyun , Sarpe Constantin Adrian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe world’s future development depends on effective human-computer linkages. From local to global, the virtual illustrations of a geographical place have to emphasize in an integrative approach peoples‘ key position in the Geosystem. Human values and social networks are now empowered by the unlimited creativity of smartphone applications. Our Geosystem grounded theory envisions that the sustainable management of natural resources is a lifelong learning environment where the poor communities have access to the new technological advances. This paper will attempt to show the effectiveness of Geomedia techniques in the Geosystems identification, evaluation, and valorization processes for the benefit of local inhabitants. This present research methodology uses smartphone apps, Google Earth environmental datasets, Global Positioning Systems, and WebGIS for a geographical investigation and objective assessment of regions throughout the world. The results demonstrate that self-sustainable Geosystems will always be capable to regulate, control and assess progress towards their dynamic equilibrium state, continuously adapting to environmental and societal changes.
Light-Induced Surface Potential Modification in MoS2 Monolayers on Au Nanostripe Arrays
Authors: Kwon Soyeong , Kwon Min Hee , Song Jungeun , Kim Eunah , Kim Youngji , Kim Bo Ra , Hyun Jerome K. , Lee Sang Wook , Kim Dong-Wook 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this work, the surface potential (VS) of exfoliated MoS2 monolayers on Au nanostripe arrays with period of 500 nm was investigated using Kelvin probe force microscopy. The surface morphology showed that the suspended MoS2 region between neighboring Au stripes underwent tensile-strain. In the dark, the VS of the MoS2 region on the Au stripe (VS-Au) was larger than that of the suspended MoS2 region (VS-S). However, under green light illumination, VS-Au became smaller than VS-S. To explain the VS modification, band diagrams have been constructed taking into consideration not only the local strain but also the electronic interaction at the MoS2/Au interface. The results of this work provide a basis for understanding the electrical properties of MoS2-metal contacts and improving the performance of MoS2-based optoelectronic devices.
Patterning of thick electroplated CoPt magnets using SU‐8 micromoulds
Authors: Wang Yuzheng , Bowrothu Renuka , Yoon Yong‐Kyu , Arnold David P. 
Published: October 2019

Recently, electroplated cobalt platinum (CoPt) magnetic films have been developed that afford thick (up to ∼100 μm), high‐energy‐density (up to ∼100 kJ/m3) permanent‐magnet microstructures. However, the aggressive electroplating conditions have shown to be incompatible with most thick‐film photoresist mould materials, making patterning these films an unanswered technical challenge. In this work, it is reported a complete process flow of fabricating and removing SU‐8 photoresist moulds to enable the ultra‐thick patterned CoPt magnets on silicon wafers. The implementation of thick SU‐8 2050 electroplating moulds makes it feasible to deposit 100 µm thick CoPt magnets in 4 h. A 25 nm thick sputtered titanium layer is used as a sacrificial layer to completely release the SU‐8 mould in hydrofluoric acid after electrodeposition. Compared to prior research, significantly improved pattern definition and constant magnetic performance are observed and characterised by optical profilometer, scanning electron microscope, and vibrating sample magnetometer.
Design and analysis of novel tri‐active layer channel amorphous‐IGZO thin‐film transistor
Authors: Dargar Shashi K. , Srivastava Viranjay M. 
Published: October 2019

Among high‐field mobility materials, amorphous indium–gallium–zinc oxide (In–Ga–ZnO) (α‐IGZO) has been prominent for their use in thin‐film transistors (TFTs). In this Letter, the authors present a novel structure of TFT with tri‐active layer (TAL) channel consisting of α‐IGZO and In–SnO (ITO) materials. Further, the simulation‐based analysis of the proposed device and characteristics in comparison to the single and double active layer channel structures have been reported. This work also analyses the effect of front–back channel thickness‐ratios in double‐active layer channel TFTs. The proposed TAL channel TFT describes improved switching parameters such as lower threshold voltage (VTH) − 4.24 V, high field‐effect mobility (µFE) 38.4 cm2/V‐s, moderate subthreshold swing 0.398 mV/decade, and reasonably high ON‐to‐OFF current ratio (ION/IOFF) 0.18 × 1012. The electrical characteristics persuade the significance of the proposed structure in next‐generation flat‐panel displays.
2D non-LTE modelling of a filament observed in the Hα line with the DST/IBIS spectropolarimeter
Authors: Schwartz P. , Gunár S. , Jenkins J. M. , Long D. M. , Heinzel P. , Choudhary D. P. 
Published: October 2019

Context. We study a fragment of a large quiescent filament observed on May 29, 2017 by the Interferometric BIdimensional Spectropolarimeter (IBIS) mounted at the Dunn Solar Telescope. We focus on its quiescent stage prior to its eruption.
Aims. We analyse the spectral observations obtained in the Hα line to derive the thermodynamic properties of the plasma of the observed fragment of the filament.
Methods. We used a 2D filament model employing radiative transfer computations under conditions that depart from the local thermodynamic equilibrium. We employed a forward modelling technique in which we used the 2D model to produce synthetic Hα line profiles that we compared with the observations. We then found the set of model input parameters, which produces synthetic spectra with the best agreement with observations.
Results. Our analysis shows that one part of the observed fragment of the filament is cooler, denser, and more dynamic than its other part that is hotter, less dense, and more quiescent. The derived temperatures in the first part range from 6000 K to 10 000 K and in the latter part from 11 000 K to 14 000 K. The gas pressure is 0.2–0.4 dyn cm−2 in the first part and around 0.15 dyn cm−2 in the latter part. The more dynamic nature of the first part is characterised by the line-of-sight velocities with absolute values of 6–7 km s−1 and microturbulent velocities of 8–9 km s−1. On the other hand, the latter part exhibits line-of-sight velocities with absolute values 0–2.5 km s−1 and microturbulent velocities of 4–6 km s−1.
Closing the gap to convergence of gravitoturbulence in local simulations
Authors: Klee J. , Illenseer T. F. , Jung M. , Duschl W. J. 
Published: October 2019

Aims. Our goal is to find a converged cooling limit for fragmentation in self-gravitating disks. This is especially interesting for the formation of planets, brown dwarfs, or stars, and the growth of black holes. While investigating the limit, we want to give a clear criterion for the state of convergence.
Methods. We ran two-dimensional shearingsheet simulations with the hydrodynamic package Fosite at high resolutions. Thereby, resolution and limiters were altered. Subsequently, we investigated the spectra of important physical quantities at the length scales where fragmentation occurs. In order to avoid prompt fragmentation at high resolutions, we started these simulations with a fully-developed gravitoturbulent state obtained at a lower resolution.
Results. We show nearly converged results for fragmentation with a critical-cooling timescale tcrit ∼ 10 Ω−1. We can backtrace this claim by investigating the spectra of relevant physical variables at length scales around and below the pressure scale height. We argue that well-behaved results cannot be expected if counteracting quantities vary too much on these critical-length scales, either by change of resolution or numerical method. A comparison of fragmentation behaviour with the related spectra reveals that simulations behave similar, if the spectra are converged to the length scales where self-gravity leads to instabilities. Observable deviations in the results obtained with different numerical setups are confined to scales below these critical length scales.
Triggering of twists in solar prominence threads
Authors: Taroyan Y. , Soler R. 
Published: October 2019

Context. Magnetic twists are commonly associated with solar prominences. Twists are believed to play an important role in supporting the dense plasma against gravity as well as in prominence eruptions and coronal mass ejections, which may have a severe impact on the Earth and its near environment.
Aims. We used a simple model to mimic the formation of a prominence thread by plasma condensation with the aim of investigating the possibility of triggering twists during this process.
Methods. Temporal and spatial evolution of torsional Alfvénic perturbations driven by random photospheric motions was analysed using the linearised governing equations of motion and induction.
Results. We find that small amplitude perturbations are exponentially amplified in time as they propagate along the condensing thread. Mechanisms contributing to the rapid growth are explored. The result of the amplification process is the generation of large amplitude axisymmetric twists along the thread.
Conclusions. Magnetic twists may be triggered along a prominence thread when it is permeated by a converging flow, for example, during the evaporation and condensation of plasma along the thread. This may lead to the generation of vortices in the non-linear regime.