bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSVI-19 Evaluating the effects of day of iron injection after farrowing on nursery performance and hematological criteria
Authors: Williams Hayden E , Roubicek Cierra , DeRouchey Joel M , Woodworth Jason C , Dritz Steve S , Tokach Mike D , Goodband Robert D , Holtcamp Andrew 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Weaned pigs (n = 311; 5.9 kg BW) were used in a 59-d study evaluating the effects of Fe injection timing after birth on nursery pig performance and hematological criteria. Pigs were weaned at 21 d and allotted to pens based on preweaning Fe treatment with BW balanced across pens within a treatment with 5 or 6 pigs/pen and 10 pens/treatment. The preweaning treatments were a negative control receiving no Fe injection or 200-mg of injectable Fe (Gleptoforte, Ceva Animal Health, Lenexa, KS) provided in a single injection on d 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10 after birth. All pigs were fed common diets after weaning that contained 110 mg/kg of added Fe as FeSO4 provided from the trace mineral premix. Growth data were analyzed as a completely randomized design with pen as the experimental unit. Hematological criteria were measured as a repeated measure with pig as the experimental unit. Overall, increasing the age of pigs receiving a 200-mg Fe injection from 2 to 4 or 6 d after birth increased (quadratic; P = 0.013) d 80 ending BW with a decrease in BW when Fe was provided on d 8 or 10 (Table 1). Not providing an Fe injection after birth worsened (P < 0.05) ADG, ADFI, and d 80 ending BW. Significant treatment×day interactions (P < 0.001) were observed for Hgb and Hct values. These interactions occurred because pigs not receiving an Fe injection after birth had values that increased from d 21 to 35 while pigs receiving an Fe injection had values that decreased from d 21 to 35. While it is common practice to provide an Fe injection within the first 48 hours of birth, these results suggest delaying injection until d 4 or 6 may increase nursery final weight.
PSVI-20 Evaluating the productive energy content of high-protein distillers dried grains in swine diets
Authors: Cemin Henrique S , Tokach Mike D , Dritz Steve S , Woodworth Jason C , DeRouchey Joel M , Goodband Robert D 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A total of 300 pigs (DNA 400×200; initially 11.1 kg) were used in a 21-d trial to determine the effects of increasing levels of high-protein distillers dried grains (HP DDG) on pig performance and to estimate the productive energy of HP DDG. Pens with 5 pigs each were assigned to treatments in a randomized complete block design with 12 replicates per treatment. Treatments included diets with 0, 10, 20, 30, or 40% HP DDG formulated by changing corn and feed-grade amino acid levels. Caloric efficiency was obtained by multiplying ADFI by dietary net energy (NE) and dividing by ADG. The NE of HP DDG was estimated at 1,914 kcal/kg by using Noblet et al. (1994) equation and NRC (2012) values were used for corn. Productive energy was estimated based the average caloric efficiency of the HP DDG diets relative to the diet without HP DDG. Data were analyzed with the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS with pen as the experimental unit and block as random effect. Pigs fed diets with increasing HP DDG had a linear decrease (P < 0.01) in ADG and ADFI and a tendency (P = 0.051) for a quadratic response in G:F. There was a linear improvement (P < 0.01) in caloric efficiency with increasing HP DDG (3,876, 3,753, 3,676, 3,520, and 3,300 kcal/kg, respectively). The productive energy of HP DDG was estimated as 2,686 kcal/kg or 97.3% of corn NE. In summary, high levels of HP DDG negatively impacted growth performance. The equation used to estimate NE of HP DDG resulted in underestimated values. The productive energy of HP DDG is approximately 97% of corn NE.
PSVI-24 Growth performance and immune responses of weaned pigs from lactating sows fed dietary spray dried plasma
Authors: Kim Sheena , Kim Byeonghyeon , Kim Junsu , Lee Jeongjae , Kim Kwangwook , Kang Joowon , Mun Daye , Baek Jangryeol , Kim Soyun , Liu Yanhong , Choe Jeehwan , Song Minho 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The experiment was conducted to investigate growth performance and immune responses of weaned pigs from lactating sows fed dietary spray dried plasma (SDP). A total of 12 sows (227.78 ± 7.50 kg BW; parity = 2.0 ± 0.7) were randomly assigned to 2 dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. Dietary treatments were a typical lactation diet based on corn-soybean meal (CON) and CON supplemented with 1% of SDP. Sows were fed the dietary treatments from d 30 before expected farrowing to weaning. Weaned pigs from each sow were transferred to a nursery barn and group-housed by dietary treatments of sows and fed a typical nursery diet for 6 wk. Blood samples were collected from randomly selected 2 weaned pigs from each litter on day of weaning day, d 3, and 7 postweaning. Serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), C-reactive protein (CRP), and cortisol were analyzed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Body weights and feed allowance were recorded throughout post-weaning period to calculate growth performance of weaned pigs. Data were analyzed using the PROC GLM of SAS. Weaned pigs from lactating sows fed SDP tended (P < 0.10) to have increase ADG (470.47 vs. 414.52 g/d) during overall experimental period than pigs from lactating sows fed CON. Supplementation of SDP tended (P < 0.10) to decrease serum TNF-α on d 3 (344.11 vs. 449.80 pg/ml) and CRP on d 7 (78.41 vs. 112.28 ng/ml) compared with the piglets from lactating sows fed CON. The addition of SDP also reduced (P < 0.05) serum cortisol on d 3 (1.40 vs. 1.88 ng/ml) and TGF-β on d 7 (718.33 vs. 836.48 pg/ml) compared with CON. In conclusion, addition of dietary spray dried plasma in lactation diets may enhance growth performance and modulate immune responses of weaned pigs.
PSVII-1 The effect of supplementing pigs with the BASF annual industry vitamin supplementation on performance
Authors: Coelho Michael , Jones Robert , Parks Frank 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
There is a continued industry focus to decrease FCR (Pierozan, 2016), which means less feed per kg body tissue, and therefore vitamins need to be further concentrated in less and less feed to reach the same vitamin supplementation per kg of body tissue. A study was conducted to determine the response of pigs to different levels of vitamin supplementation based on the 2018 BASF Industry vitamin supplementation survey. Pigs were stressed to simulate commercial stress conditions. A total of 240 (PIC 337 x Camborough) pigs were used in a randomized complete block design with pen as the experimental unit, treatment as the fixed effect, and block as the random effect (4 pigs/pen x 5 treatments x 12 replications). Pigs were blocked by sex and weight and fed corn/soy diets pelleted at 80C and formulated to meet or exceed current NRC (2012) recommendations. The stress imposed to simulate commercial conditions consisted of dirty floors, 1.65 m2/pig, on 7th day of trial, pigs were dosed with 1,000,000 E. Coli bacteria and 200,000 Salmonella bacteria. Treatments were NRC, low 25%, AVG, high 25% and high 5% vitamin supplementation. At finishing, vitamin supplementation increased ADG up to high 5% vitamin supplementation (750, 795, 831, 852, and 871 g, P < 0.05, respectively), improved FCR up to Hi 5% (3.21, 3.05, 2.91, 2.82 and 2.71, P < 0.05, respectively). Vitamin supplementation decreased finishing mortality up to high 5% vitamin supplementation (9.02, 7.43, 6.15, 4.81 and 4.02%, P < 0.05, respectively), improved lean cuts up to Hi 25% (57.5, 59.1, 60.5, 61.3 and 62.1, P < 0.05, respectively). The profit in $/kg pig and return on extra vitamin supplementation was from low 25 to AVG $0.1381/kg and 39x, respectively, from AVG to Hi25% was $0.0771/kg and 13X, and from Hi 25% to Hi 5% was $0.1259/kg and 38X.
PSVII-9 Effects of a multi-species direct-fed microbial on growth performance and carcass characteristics of grow-finish pigs
Authors: Menegat Mariana Boscato , DeRouchey Joel M , Woodworth Jason C , Tokach Mike D , Dritz Steve S , Goodband Robert D 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effects of a multi-species direct-fed microbial (DFM) product based on lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus subtilis on growth performance and carcass characteristics of grow-finish pigs. A total of 1,188 pigs (PIC 359 × 1050; initially 25.8 kg BW) were used in a 121-d growth trial with 27 pigs/pen and 22 pens/treatment. Pigs were allotted to treatments based on initial BW in a randomized complete block design. Treatments included a control diet and the control diet with added DFM (BiOWiSH Technologies Inc., Cincinnati, OH) included at 0.055% of the diet at the expense of corn. Diets were based on corn, distillers dried grains with solubles, and soybean meal and fed in four dietary phases. Data were analyzed using a linear mixed model (PROC GLIMMIX, SAS®) with treatment as fixed effect, block as random effect, and pen as experimental unit. Overall (d 0 to 121), pigs fed the control diet had greater ADG (P < 0.05) and final BW (P < 0.001) compared to pigs fed the DFM diet (Table 1). There was no evidence for differences (P > 0.05) in ADFI or G:F between treatments. The difference in final BW resulted in heavier (P < 0.05) HCW in control pigs compared to DFM pigs, but no evidence for differences (P > 0.05) was observed in carcass yield, backfat, loin depth, and percentage lean between treatments. In conclusion, the inclusion of this multi-species DFM in growing-finishing diets reduced ADG in this commercial study. This response could be related to inclusion rate, feeding duration, or other factors not identified in this study, warranting further research to characterize the effects on pig performance.
PSVII-10 Xylanase improved the nutrient and energy digestibility of diets high in insoluble corn fiber fed to swine following a 36-d dietary adaptation period
Authors: Petry Amy L , Huntley Nichole F , Bedford Mike R , Patience John F 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The efficacy of xylanase in practical swine diets is inconsistent and poorly understood. The experimental objective was to investigate the efficacy of xylanase in growing pigs fed a diet high in insoluble corn fiber and afforded a longer adaptation period than typically reported in the literature. Sixty gilts (25.43 ± 0.88 kg BW; L337 X Camborough, PIC, Hendersonville, TN; n = 15 per treatment), were blocked by weight, housed individually, and randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments: a low-fiber control (LF; 8.45% NDF), a 30% corn bran high-fiber control (HF; 24.5% NDF), HF + 100 mg/kg of xylanase (HF+XY; Econase XT 25P; AB Vista, Marlborough, UK), and HF + 50 mg/kg of arabinoxylan-oligosaccharide (HF+AX; 3-7 degrees of polymerization). Diets contained 0.5% chromium (III) oxide. Gilts were fed ad libitum for 36 d, followed by a 7-d period of adaptation to limit feeding (80% of average ad libitum intake) and housing in metabolism crates, followed by 3 d of urine and fecal collection. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED (SAS; 9.4) as a randomized complete block design with pig as the experimental unit, block and replicate as random effects, and treatment as a fixed effect. Compared to the LF diet, the HF diet reduced the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of DM (88.7 vs. 75.6%), GE (89.0 vs. 77.4%), CP (87.2 vs. 81.8%), NDF (63.3 vs. 44.4%), ADF, and hemicellulose (P = 0.01). Xylanase supplementation, but not arabinoxylan-oligosaccharide, when compared to the HF control diet, improved the ATTD of DM by 3.3% (78.2 vs. 75.6%), GE by 2.2% (79.1 vs. 77.4%), CP by 2.9% (84.2 vs. 81.8%), NDF by 17.5% (53.9 vs. 44.4%), ADF by 16.3% (52.1 vs. 42.9%), and hemicellulose by 16.4% (P < 0.05). These data indicate insoluble fiber reduced nutrient and energy digestibility, but xylanase was effective in partially mitigating that effect.
PSVII-14 The effects of maternal dietary supplementation of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) and 25(OH)D3 on progeny muscle fiber measures
Authors: Thayer Morgan T , Nelssen Jim L , Langemeier Austin J , Morton Jodi M , Gonzalez John M , Kruger Stephanie R , Ou Zhining , Makowski Andrew J , Bergstrom Jon R 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A total of 36 sows (DNA Line 200 × 400) and their progeny were used to determine if feeding a combination of vitamin D3 and 25(OH)D3 influences progeny muscle fiber morphometrics. Within 3 d of breeding, sows were allotted to 1 of 3 dietary treatments fortified with 1,500 IU/kg vitamin D3 (CON), 500 IU/kg vitamin D3 + 25 μg/kg 25(OH)D3 (DL), or 1,500 IU/kg vitamin D3 + 50 μg/kg 25(OH)D3 (DH). One average body weight male per litter was euthanized within 24 h of birth (n = 36) and at weaning on d 21 of lactation (n = 35). Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design with maternal dietary treatment as the fixed effect. When pigs were sacrificed at birth, there were no treatment effects for fiber morphometric measures (P > 0.170), except for primary fiber number and secondary to primary muscle fiber ratio (P < 0.016). Pigs from CON fed sows had fewer primary fibers than pigs from sows fed the DH treatment (P = 0.014), with the DL treatment not differing from either (P > 0.104). Pigs from CON and DL fed sows had greater secondary to primary fiber ratios compared to pigs from DH sows (P < 0.022), but did not differ from each other (P = 0.994). When pigs were sacrificed at weaning, there were no treatment effects on all fiber morphometric measures (P > 0.129). In conclusion, combining vitamin D3 and 25(OH)D3 in the maternal diet increased primary muscle fibers at birth, but this effect was not seen at weaning.
PSVII-12 The effect of feeding a LucraFit® nursery program without lactose on piglet performance
Authors: Crowder Stacie , Weeden Terry , Hankins Clayton , Meyer Terry , DeRodas Brenda 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Four hundred forty weaned pigs, initial weight of 5.86 kg and 21 days of age, were used to evaluate the effect of feeding a LucraFit® nursery program on piglet performance. Pigs were randomly assigned to one of two treatments Control or LucraFit® with 12 replicates per treatment and 20 pigs per pen. Pigs were fed a four-phase nursery feed budget of 1.13, 2.27, 5.44, and 20.64 kg/pig for phases 1–4, respectively. Control diets contained 18% lactose in phase 1 and 0% in phase 2, 3, and 4. LucraFit® diets contained 0% lactose and LucraFit® was added at 2.5, 2.5, 1.25% in phase 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Body weights were taken on day 0, 8, 15, 22, 29, 36, and 43 with corresponding ADG, ADFI, G:F calculated. Data were analyzed using the Mixed procedure of SAS with pen as experimental unit. Period 1 (d0 to 8) ADG tended to increase (P < 0.10;0.188 vs 0.175 kg/d) and G:F increased (P < 0.05;1.38 vs 1.06) in the LucraFit® treatment. Period 1 ADFI was greater (P < 0.05) for the Control treatment (0.166 vs 0.141 kg/d). Period 2 (d8 to d 15), LucraFit® treatment tended (P < 0.10) to increase ADG (0.416 vs 0.398 kg/d) and increased (P < 0.05) G:F (0.973 vs 0.894). Period 3 (d15 to d 22), ADFI was increased (P < 0.05) with LucraFit® treatment (0.628 vs 0.577 kg/d) and therefore increased (P < 0.05) G:F for Control treatment (0.794 vs 0.752. Period 6 (d36 to d 43), LucraFit® treatment increased (P < 0.05) ADG (1.57 vs 1.40 kg/d) and G:F (0.565 vs 0.500). Overall (d0 to 43) Gain:Feed was increased (P < 0.05) with LucraFit® treatment (0.713 vs 0.691). Final nursery body weight (d 43) tended (P = 0.08) to increase with LucraFit® treatment (27.05 vs 26.32). The results of this study suggest that feeding LucraFit® in lactose free nursery diets improves feed efficiency.
PSVII-21 Revision of the model estimating real-time Lys requirements in individual growing-finishing pigs
Authors: Remus Aline , Pomar candido 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The objective of this study was to review the calibration of the model estimating real-time Lys requirements individual in growing-finishing pigs. Two 28 d growth experiments were performed with 110 pigs distributed in a complete randomized design with growing (25 kg BW ± 2.1, n = 60; 10 pigs per treatment) and finishing (68 kg BW ± 1.8, n = 60; 10 pigs per treatment) barrows. Pigs were fed with 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, or 110% of the pig’s estimated individual standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys (SIDLys) requirements. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray densitometry on days 1 and 28 of the trial. Pigs were housed in the same pen but fed individually using computerized feeding stations. The Mixed and NLIN procedures of SAS were used to analyze the data and estimate optimal SIDLys requirements. In the growing and finishing trials protein in gain (17 to 19%; 13 to 16%) and N efficiency (52 to 65%; 40 to 55%) increased linearly (P < 0.01) with the increasing levels of SIDLys. Maximum ADG (0.98 kg/d) and protein deposition (PD; 170 g/d) were observed in growing pigs fed at 100% of the estimated SIDLys requirements (P < 0.001). Finishing pigs had maximal ADG (1.2 kg/d) when fed at 100% of the estimated SIDLys requirements, but PD increased linearly (P < 0.05) with SIDLys levels without reaching a plateau at the higher levels of Lys intake. The proposed model correctly estimates the level of SIDLys that maximizes PD and ADG in growing (25 to 50 kg of BW), and ADG in finishing pigs (65 to 100 kg BW); still, there is an opportunity for increasing PD in older pigs fed using precision feeding techniques.
PSVII-16 Galactosylated chitosan-oligosaccharides have anti-adhesive effect against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in piglets
Authors: Heyer Charlotte Maria Elisabeth , Wang Weilan , Yan Yalu , Gänzle Michael G , Zijlstra Ruurd T 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a major cause of diarrhea in piglets. In vitro, high molecular weight β-galactosylated chitosan-oligosaccharides (Gal-COS) had strong anti-adhesive activity against ETEC-expressing K88 fimbriae (ETEC K88) binding to porcine erythrocytes. This study assessed the effects of Gal-COS differing in structure on anti-adhesive properties against ETEC in a small intestinal segment perfusion (SISP) model in 8 piglets (BW 10 kg; 5-wk old). With 10 jejunal segments in each pig, 5 segments were infected with ETEC K88, and the other 5 segments were infused with saline (non-ETEC). Every 2 paired segments (ETEC or non-ETEC) from the same pig were treated for 8 h with 64 ml of 10 g L-1 of one of the following test products: 1) α-Gal-COS; 2) β-Gal-COS; 3) exopolysaccharides produced by Lactobacillus reuteri; and 4) raffinose in a double 4 × 4 Latin square with a saline control. Infection by ETEC K88 was verified by quantitative PCR. Net fluid loss was calculated as difference of fluid loss between ETEC segment and its paired non-ETEC segment. Data were analyzed using the mixed model with segment and test product as fixed effects, and pig as random effect. Number of eubacterial rRNA genes was 10-fold greater (P < 0.001) in ETEC segments than non-ETEC segments, indicating that ETEC K88 accounted for > 90% of bacterial gene counts. Test product did not affect (P > 0.10) the number of ETEC bacteria in the outflow fluid. Furthermore, net fluid loss caused by ETEC tended (P = 0.08) to be decreased by β-Gal-COS compared to all other treatments. In conclusion, the in vivo SISP model confirmed that Gal-COS had anti-diarrheal effects, indicating that β-Gal-COS is a potential feed additive to reduce the ETEC-induced diarrhea in piglets.
PSII-14 Effects of high protein DDGS in SFC or DRC-based diets on finishing performance of steers
Authors: Ovinge Lauren , Hilscher Henry , Boyd Bradley M , Erickson Galen E 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The effect of high protein dried distillers grains plus solubles in steam flaked corn (SFC) or dry rolled corn (DRC)-based diets on finishing performance was evaluated. Crossbred steers (n = 360, 288 ± 0.54 kg) were blocked into 3 BW blocks and assigned randomly to one of 36 pens. The treatment design was a 2 × 3 factorial. One factor was SFC or DRC-based diets, and the other factor was a control with no DGS (CON), regularly produced DDGS (DDGS), or High Protein DDGS (HiPro) included at 30% in the diet (DM basis). Data were analyzed using MIXED procedure of SAS, with pen serving as the experimental unit. There was an interaction (P = 0.02) between distillers treatment and corn processing for G:F, as including DDGS in DRC diets increased G:F from 0.157 to 0.163, with no difference when using HiPro (P = 0.18; 0.161). In SFC-based diets, there was a tendency (P = 0.11) for DDGS and HiPro to reduce G:F from 0.175 in CON diets to 0.171 in both DDGS and HiPro. When including HiPro, G:F tended (P = 0.10) to decrease SFC-based diets, with no difference (P = 0.18) in DRC-based diets. Gain increased using either distillers source (P 0.01) compared to feeding CON, and tended (P = 0.10) to be greater for DDGS than HiPro. Dry matter intake was lower (P < 0.01) for cattle fed SFC-based diets than DRC-based diets, resulting in greater (P < 0.01) G:F. Carcass adjusted final body weights mimicked the response observed in ADG, as DDGS tended (P = 0.10) to have a greater final bodyweight than HiPro and both were heavier (P < 0.01) than CON. Including either DDGS or HiPro in DRC-based diets improved G:F, but including DDGS or HiPro in SFC-based diets had no impact on G:F.
PSII-15 Effect of ammoniation and harvest method on waste and consumption of corn residue bales fed to cows in a round bale feeder
Authors: Conway Ashley , Carlson Zac , Hilscher Henry , MacDonald James C , Klopfenstein Terry , Drewnoski Mary E 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
To determine the effects of harvest method and ammoniation (3.7% of DM) on the consumption and waste of baled corn residue, a 6 x 6 Latin square with a 3 x 2 factorial treatment structure was conducted. Six treatments consisted of either untreated or ammoniated residue, harvested one of three ways: conventional rake-and-bale (CONV), New Holland Cornrower with two rows of stem chopped into the windrow with tailings (2ROW), or EZ-Bale system (EZB) with a disengaged combine spreader and tailings dropped in a windrow. Open beef females (12 heifers and 30 cows) were stratified and blocked by age into 6 pens (7 hd/pen) such that each pen had similar total BW. One bale was fed to each pen over six, 7 d periods using round-bale ring feeders with closed bottom panels. Residue falling around (waste) and remaining in (orts) the feeder were weighed. There was a significant (P < 0.01) harvest method by ammoniation interaction for DMI (% BW) and a tendency (P = 0.07) for waste. Intake of non-ammoniated EZB (1.6%) was greater (P = 0.03) than CONV (1.3%) and 2ROW (1.4%) which did not differ (P = 0.80). Intake of ammoniated CONV (1.2%) and EZB (1.5%) did not differ (P = 0.45) from their non-ammoniated counterpart, but ammoniation increased intake of 2ROW (1.9%). Within the unammoniated residue, waste did not differ (P > 0.13) among harvest methods and was 17.8%, 23.4%, and 22.7% for EZB, CONV and 2ROW. Ammoniated EZB (16.3%) and CONV (21.8%) did not differ from each other or their unammoniated counterpart. However, waste (10.6%) of ammoniated 2ROW was less (P < 0.01) than non-ammoniated 2ROW. Ammoniation and, to a lesser extent, harvest method, can be used to increase intake and reduce waste of corn residue bales fed to cows.