bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
White matter alterations and tract lateralization in children with dyslexia and isolated spelling deficits
Authors: Banfi Chiara , Koschutnig Karl , Moll Kristina , Schulte‐Körne Gerd , Fink Andreas , Landerl Karin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe present study investigated whether children with a typical dyslexia profile and children with isolated spelling deficits show a distinct pattern of white matter alteration compared with typically developing peers. Relevant studies on the topic are scarce, rely on small samples, and often suffer from the limitations of conventional tensor‐based methods. The present Constrained Spherical Deconvolution study includes 27 children with typical reading and spelling skills, 21 children with dyslexia and 21 children with isolated spelling deficits. Group differences along major white matter tracts were quantified utilizing the Automated Fiber Quantification software and a lateralization index was calculated in order to investigate the structural asymmetry of the tracts. The two deficit groups mostly displayed different patterns of white matter alterations, located in the bilateral inferior longitudinal fasciculi, right superior longitudinal fasciculus, and cingulum for the group with dyslexia and in the left arcuate fasciculus for the group with isolated spelling deficits. The two deficit groups differed also with respect to structural asymmetry. Children with dyslexia did not show the typical leftward asymmetry of the arcuate fasciculus, whereas the group with isolated spelling deficits showed absent rightward asymmetry of the inferior fronto‐occipital fasciculus. This study adds evidence to the notion that different profiles of combined or isolated reading and spelling deficits are associated with different neural signatures.
“It's like you are in the jungle”: Using the draw‐and‐tell method to explore preschool children's play preferences and factors that shape their active play
Authors: Wiseman Nicola , Rossmann Christin , Lee Jessica , Harris Neil 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIssue addressedA child's preference for active or sedentary play is a key proximal indicator of a child's physical activity behaviour. There is a need to understand children's physical activity preferences in order to make physical play more enjoyable to them, and this may encourage participation and a more positive relationship with physical activity. To date, little research has incorporated the perspectives of young children on this topic. This study specifically examines (a) what activities preschool children prefer; and (b) what children consider to be barriers and facilitators to participating in their preferred activity.MethodsThe authors employed visual methodologies to explore the activity preferences of 29 preschool children. Children were asked to draw their preferred activities and answer a series of open and closed questions about their drawing and what they think are the barriers and facilitators to participating in this activity.ResultsParticipants expressed a desire to play unstructured activities with friends or family, to engage in imaginative, challenging play, as well as the opportunity to have control over the activity they engage in. Children reported that rules at home and at preschool, the availability of toys, friends and family and having access to a natural environment served as both barriers and facilitators to participating in their favourite activity.ConclusionsListening to children's voices about their play preferences and the barriers and facilitators to engaging in these activities provides important insight into children's play behaviour and the promotion of active play in early childhood. Participants’ desire for more natural features within their play environment and for challenging, unstructured and imaginative play may be considered as facilitators of their engagement in physical activity.So what?The current findings suggest the incorporation of unstructured playtime within natural environments could support young children's participation in and increased enjoyment of physical activity.
Effect of climate change and mining on hydrological connectivity of surficial layers in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region
Authors: Kompanizare Mazda , Petrone Richard M. , Shafii Mahyar , Robinson Derek T. , Rooney Rebecca C. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis research analyses the impact of climate change and surface mining activities on the hydrologic connectivity of surficial (soil and geological) layers located in a watershed in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region. Surface water and groundwater flow are simulated for the period 2014–2080 under four climate scenarios: median (M), double precipitation (DP), no change in precipitation (NP), and double temperature (DT) and with the assumption of no change in the extent of mine activities after 2013. The results demonstrate that the annual growing season duration is longer and snowmelt happens earlier in the year 2080. During the growing season, the daily proportion of connected hydrologic units (DPCUs) remains approximately the same in the future under the different climate scenarios. It appears that around 68% of watershed area, mostly in western and central eastern portions, will be frequently connected (annual proportion of connected days [APCD] ≥ 20%) in the future. This area remains hydrologically connected for more than 20–50% of the year. Results also show that mining areas are located in infrequently connected areas (APCD < 20%), where DPCU values are significantly lower than other areas. DPCUs in forestlands are more stable with a growing season, that is, ~15 days longer than in wetlands. Comparisons between hydrologic responses in 2016 and 2080 show that, in 2080, maximum snow depths are about 0.7 times smaller, evapotranspiration is ~0.05 mm higher, capillary soil moisture in DT and NP scenarios are 1.01–1.52 mm lower, and the ratio of precipitation to potential evapotranspiration is almost the same during the growing season. However, at the end of growing season, the ratio is ~1 unit less in 2080 in DT and NP scenarios. Results also demonstrate that thinner surficial geological layers in the mining areas (located mostly in downstream part of the watershed) lead to their lower hydrologic connectivities. Therefore, these areas are more vulnerable to mining activity impacts, and their hydrologic response under a changing climate should be considered in reclamation planning.
Functional genomics identifies AMPD2 as a new prognostic marker for undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma
Authors: Orth Martin F. , Gerke Julia S. , Knösel Thomas , Altendorf‐Hofmann Annelore , Musa Julian , Alba‐Rubio Rebeca , Stein Stefanie , Hölting Tilman L. B. , Cidre‐Aranaz Florencia , Romero‐Pérez Laura , Dallmayer Marlene , Baldauf Michaela C. , Marchetto Aruna , Sannino Giuseppina , Knott Maximilian M. L. , Wehweck Fabienne , Ohmura Shunya , Li Jing , Hakozaki Michiyuki , Kirchner Thomas , Dandekar Thomas , Butt Elke , Grünewald Thomas G. P. 
Published: September 2018

Soft‐tissue sarcomas are rare, heterogeneous, and often aggressive mesenchymal cancers. Many of them are associated with poor outcome, partially because biomarkers that can identify high‐risk patients are lacking. Studies on sarcomas are often limited by small sample‐sizes rendering the identification of biomarkers difficult when focusing on individual cohorts. However, the increasing number of publicly available ‘omics’ data opens inroads to overcome this obstacle.Here, we combine transcriptome analyses, immunohistochemistry, and functional assays to show that high adenosine monophosphate deaminase 2 (AMPD2) is a robust prognostic biomarker for worse outcome in undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS).Gene expression and survival data for UPS from two independent studies were subjected to survival association‐testing. Genes, whose high expression was significantly correlated with worse outcome in both cohorts, were considered as biomarker candidates. The best candidate, AMPD2, was validated in a tissue microarray. Analysis of DNA copy‐number data and matched transcriptomes indicated that high AMPD2 expression is significantly correlated with gains at the AMPD2 locus. Gene set enrichment analyses of AMPD2 co‐expressed genes in both transcriptome datasets suggested that AMPD2‐high UPS are enriched in tumorigenic signatures. Consistently, knockdown of AMPD2 by RNA interference in an UPS cell line inhibited proliferation in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo.Collectively, we provide evidence that AMPD2 may serve as a biomarker for outcome prediction in UPS. Our study exemplifies how the integration of ‘omics’ data, immunohistochemistry, and functional experiments can identify novel biomarkers even in a rare sarcoma, which may serve as a blueprint for biomarker identification for other rare cancers.
Determinants in the process of seeking help for urinary incontinence in the Chilean health system
Authors: Bascur‐Castillo Carolina , Araneda‐Gatica Valentina , Castro‐Arias Henry , Carrasco‐Portiño Mercedes , Ruiz‐Cantero María Teresa 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze via the Andersen model what leads women with urinary incontinence (UI) to seek help and remain in the healthcare system.MethodsAn interpretative phenomenologic study enrolling women aged 18 years or older who were diagnosed with UI at a tertiary care hospital in Chile between January and March 2016. Data were collected by semi‐structured interview. The categories explored experience with UI and reasons for seeking health care, and included the dimensions of the Andersen model.ResultsTen women were enrolled. Characteristics that eased or hindered healthcare seeking were identified to come from the women (frequency and quantity of symptoms, coping strategies, and beliefs about its causes) and from their environment (reaction of partner, family, or coworkers to her condition). Some were associated with primary care (human and/or technical resources) and some with secondary care (pelvic floor units).ConclusionThe results reflect the complexities of asking for health care for women with UI, especially in a country such as Chile with different healthcare levels. Raising awareness of this complexity and developing an approach that includes all stakeholders (institution, community, and family) is crucial for professionals who want to offer both medical therapy and wellness‐focused healthcare.
Quantifying bias between reported last menstrual period and ultrasonography estimates of gestational age in Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Price Joan T. , Winston Jennifer , Vwalika Bellington , Cole Stephen R. , Stoner Marie C.D. , Lubeya Mwansa K. , Kumwenda Andrew , Stringer Jeffrey S.A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo quantify differences in assessing preterm delivery when calculating gestational age from last menstrual period (LMP) versus ultrasonography biometry.MethodsThe Zambian Preterm Birth Prevention Study is an ongoing prospective cohort study that commenced enrolment in August 2015 at Women and Newborn Hospital of University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. Women at less than 20 weeks of pregnancy who were enrolled between August 17, 2015, and August 31, 2017, and underwent ultrasonography examination were included in the present analysis. The primary outcome was the difference between ultrasonography‐ and LMP‐based estimated gestational age. Associations between baseline predictors and outcomes were assessed using simple regression. The proportion of preterm deliveries using LMP‐ and ultrasonography‐derived gestational dating was calculated using Kaplan–Meier analysis.ResultsThe analysis included 942 women. The discrepancy between estimating gestational age using ultrasonography and LMP increased with greater gestational age at presentation and among patients with no history of preterm delivery. In a Kaplan‐Meier analysis of 692 deliveries, 140 (20.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 17.7–23.0) and 79 (11.4%, 95% CI 9.6–13.6) deliveries were classified as preterm by LMP and ultrasonography estimates, respectively.ConclusionTaking ultrasonography as a standard, a bias was observed in LMP‐based gestational age estimates, which increased with advancing gestation at presentation. This resulted in misclassification of term deliveries as preterm.
Influence of nanoporosity on the nature of hydroxyapatite formed on bioactive calcium silicate model glass
Authors: Thamma Ukrit , Kowal Tia , Falk Matthias , Jain Himanshu 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFor hard tissue regeneration, the bioactivity of a material is measured by its ability to induce the formation of hydroxyapatite (HA) under physiological conditions. It depends on the dissolution behavior of the glass, which itself is determined by the composition and structure of glass. The enhanced HA growth on nanoporous than on nonporous glass has been attributed by some to greater specific surface area (SSA), but to nanopore size distribution by others. To decouple the influence of nanopore size and SSA on HA formation, we have successfully fabricated homogeneous 30CaO‐70SiO2 (30C70S) model bioactive glass monoliths with different nanopore sizes, yet similar SSA via a combination of sol–gel, solvent exchange, and sintering processes. After incubation in PBS, HA, and Type‐B carbonated HA (HA/B‐CHA) form on nanoporous monoliths. The XPS, FTIR, and SEM analyses provide the first unambiguous demonstration of the influence of nanopore size alone on the formation pathway, growth rate, and microstructure of HA/CHA. Due to pore‐size limited diffusion of PO43−, two HA/CHA formation pathways are observed: HA/CHA surface deposition and/or HA/CHA incorporation into nanopores. HA/CHA growth rate on the surface of a nanoporous glass monolith is dominated by the pore‐size limited transport of Ca2+ ions dissolved from nanoporous glass substrates. Furthermore, with increasing nanopore size, HA/CHA microstructures evolve from needle‐like, plate‐like, to flower‐like appearance. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 886–899, 2019.
On the influence of Streptococcus salivarius on the wear response of dental implants: An in vitro study
Authors: Figueiredo‐Pina Célio G. , Guedes Mafalda , Sequeira Joana , Pinto Diana , Bernardo Nuno , Carneiro Carla 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis study aims to understand microorganisms' effect and relevance of aseptic conditions on wear performance of dental materials. Tribocouple zirconia/titanium was submitted to tribological tests in the presence of Streptococcus salivarius biofilm, the most abundant bacteria in the oral cavity. Reciprocating ball‐on‐plate tests were carried out at 37°C, pH 7, 2 N, and 1 Hz, during 2 h, using Ti6Al4V balls as pins and Y‐TZP plates. Simultaneous OCP readings assessed corrosion tendency. Tested lubricants were artificial saliva, artificial saliva plus glucose, and artificial saliva plus glucose and S. salivarius. Wear volume and worn surfaces were analyzed after test. S. salivarius proliferation was enhanced in artificial saliva plus glucose. When a highly populated biofilm was present at the zirconia/titanium interface, titanium wear decreased by ~60% compared to artificial saliva and artificial saliva plus with glucose, respectively, with 0.0060 and 0.0053 mm3 loss. Wear was not observed in zirconia under any tested condition. Presence of S. salivarius also decreased corrosion activity during wear. Lowest free OCP value reached during sliding was −260 mV in artificial saliva, −246 mV in artificial saliva plus glucose, and −196 mV in artificial saliva plus glucose and bacteria. This decreased to −147 mV when a highly‐populated S. salivarius biofilm was present at the interface. Overall, obtained results show that the presence of S. salivarius clearly changes the corrosion‐wear performance of the tested dental materials, confirming that it must be recognized, and that asepsis level and conditions during wear test of dental materials must be clearly established and controlled to ensure reproducible results and supported conclusions. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 1393–1399, 2019.
Novel spiral structured nerve guidance conduits with multichannels and inner longitudinally aligned nanofibers for peripheral nerve regeneration
Authors: Shah Munish B. , Chang Wei , Zhou Gan , Glavy Joseph S. , Cattabiani Thomas M. , Yu Xiaojun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNerve guidance conduits (NGCs) are artificial substitutes for autografts, which serve as the gold standard in treating peripheral nerve injury. A recurring challenge in tissue engineered NGCs is optimizing the cross‐sectional surface area to achieve a balance between allowing nerve infiltration while supporting maximum axonal extension from the proximal to distal stump. In this study, we address this issue by investigating the efficacy of an NGC with a higher cross‐sectional surface composed of spiral structures and multi‐channels, coupled with inner longitudinally aligned nanofibers and protein on aiding nerve repair in critical sized nerve defect. The NGCs were implanted into 15‐mm‐long rat sciatic nerve injury gaps for 4 weeks. Nerve regeneration was assessed using an established set of assays, including the walking track analysis, electrophysiological testing, pinch reflex assessment, gastrocnemius muscle measurement, and histological assessment. The results indicated that the novel NGC design yielded promising data in encouraging nerve regeneration within a relatively short recovery time. The performance of the novel NGC for nerve regeneration was superior to that of the control nerve conduits with tubular structures. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 1410–1419, 2019.
A cellulose‐based material for vascularized adipose tissue engineering
Authors: Volz Ann‐Cathrin , Hack Larissa , Kluger Petra Juliane 
Published: September 2018

AbstractArtificial adipose tissue (AT) constructs are urgently needed to treat severe wounds, to replace removed tissue, or for the use as in vitro model to screen for potential drugs or study metabolic pathways. The clinical translation of products is mostly prevented by the absence of a vascular component that would allow a sustainable maintenance and an extension of the construct to a relevant size. With this study, we aimed to evaluate the suitability of a novel material based on bacterial cellulose (CBM) on the defined adipogenic differentiation of human adipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs) and the maintenance of the received adipocytes (diffASCs) and human microvascular endothelial cells (mvECs) in mono‐ and coculture. A slight acceleration of adipogenic differentiation over regular tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) was seen on CBM under defined conditions, whereas on the maintenance of the generated adipocytes, comparable effects were detected for both materials. CBM facilitated the formation of vascular‐like structures in monoculture of mvECs, which was not observed on TCPS. By contrast, vascular‐like structures were detected in CBM and TCPS in coculture by the presence of diffASCs. Concluding, CBM represents a promising material in vascularized AT engineering with the potential to speed up and simplify the in vitro setup of engineered products. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 1431–1439, 2019.
Localized low‐dose rhBMP‐2 is effective at promoting bone regeneration in mandibular segmental defects
Authors: Carlisle Patricia , Guda Teja , Silliman David T. , Burdette Alexander J. , Talley Anne D. , Alvarez Rene , Tucker David , Hale Robert G. , Guelcher Scott A. , BrownBaer Pamela R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAt least 26% of recent battlefield injuries are to the craniomaxillofacial (CMF) region. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP‐2) is used to treat CMF open fractures, but several complications have been associated with its use. This study tested the efficacy and safety of a lower (30% recommended) dose of rhBMP‐2 to treat mandibular fractures. rhBMP‐2 delivered via a polyurethane (PUR) and hydroxyapatite/β‐tricalcium phosphate (Mastergraft®) scaffold was evaluated in a 2 cm segmental mandibular defect in minipigs. Bone regeneration was analyzed at 4, 8, and 12 weeks postsurgery using clinical computed tomography (CT) and rhBMP‐2, and inflammatory marker concentrations were analyzed in serum and surgery‐site drain effluent. CT scans revealed that pigs treated with PUR‐Mastergraft® + rhBMP‐2 had complete bone bridging, while the negative control group showed incomplete bone‐bridging (n= 6). Volumetric analysis of regenerated bone showed that the PUR‐Mastergraft® + rhBMP‐2 treatment generated significantly more bone than control by 4 weeks, a trend that continued through 12 weeks. Variations in inflammatory analytes were detected in drain effluent samples and saliva but not in serum, suggesting a localized healing response. Importantly, the rhBMP‐2 group did not exhibit an excessive increase in inflammatory analytes compared to control. Treatment with low‐dose rhBMP‐2 increases bone regeneration capacity in pigs with mandibular continuity defects and restores bone quality. Negative complications from rhBMP‐2, such as excessive inflammatory analyte levels, were not observed. Together, these results suggest that treatment with low‐dose rhBMP‐2 is efficacious and may improve safety when treating CMF open fractures. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 1491–1503, 2019.
Bone cement modeling for percutaneous vertebroplasty
Authors: Lepoutre Nicole , Meylheuc Laurence , Bara Gabriela Iuliana , Barbé Laurent , Bayle Bernard 
Published: September 2018

AbstractVertebroplasty procedures provide a significant benefit for patients suffering from vertebral fractures. In order to address current issues of vertebroplasty procedures, an injection device able to control the bone cement viscosity has been developed. In addition, this device allows to protect the practitioner by removing him/her from the X‐rays area. In this context, a study is first proposed to quantify the bone cement viscosity during its polymerization reaction on a rotational rheometer. These experimental measurements have led to the identification of a complete behavior law that takes into account the simultaneous effects of shear rate, time, and temperature. Based on this preliminary study, this article finally aims to prove the ability of estimating the viscosity of the flowing bone cement on the developed injection system. A final set of experiments validates that the injection device dedicated to vertebroplasty procedures can control the flowing bone cement viscosity by acting on the temperature. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 1504–1515, 2019.