bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathologies of Between-Groups Principal Components Analysis in Geometric Morphometrics
Authors: Bookstein Fred L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGood empirical applications of geometric morphometrics (GMM) typically involve several times more variables than specimens, a situation the statistician refers to as “highp/n,” wherepis the count of variables andnthe count of specimens. This note calls your attention to two predictable catastrophic failures of one particular multivariate statistical technique, between-groups principal components analysis (bgPCA), in this high-p/nsetting. The more obvious pathology is this: when applied to the patternless (null) model ofpidentically distributed Gaussians over groups of the same size, both bgPCA and its algebraic equivalent, partial least squares (PLS) analysis against group, necessarily generate the appearance of huge equilateral group separations that are fictitious (absent from the statistical model). When specimen counts by group vary greatly or when any group includes fewer than about ten specimens, an even worse failure of the technique obtains: the smaller the group, the more likely a bgPCA is to fictitiously identify that group as the end-member of one of its derived axes. For these two reasons, when used in GMM and other high-p/nsettings the bgPCA method very often leads to invalid or insecure biological inferences. This paper demonstrates and quantifies these and other pathological outcomes both for patternless models and for models with one or two valid factors, then offers suggestions for how GMM practitioners should protect themselves against the consequences for inference of these lamentably predictable misrepresentations. The bgPCA method should never be used unskeptically—it is always untrustworthy, never authoritative—and whenever it appears in partial support of any biological inference it must be accompanied by a wide range of diagnostic plots and other challenges, many of which are presented here for the first time.
The future of in-store technology
Authors: Grewal Dhruv , Noble Stephanie M. , Roggeveen Anne L. , Nordfalt Jens 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper introduces a conceptual framework for understanding new and futuristic in-store technology infusions. First, we develop a 2 × 2 typology of different innovative and futuristic technologies focusing on their level of convenience and social presence for the consumer. Next, we offer a series of propositions based on the idea that convenience and social presence can trigger vividness by enhancing consumer involvement, imagery, and elaboration, which ultimately leads to enhanced sales. Finally, the paper then focuses on four moderating areas—consumer traits, product/service dimensions, mental models and social networks—to understand how they might impact the vividness experienced via the technology.
Effects of direct stray current on the performance of cathodic disbonding epoxy powder coatings
Authors: Cui Yan-Yu , Bu Rui-Tao , Wang De-You , Wang Yu-Jun 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The influence of the direction and magnitude of direct (DC) stray current on the disbonding performance of epoxy powder coating was studied by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy technology. The results show that the application of DC stray current could accelerate the anodic dissolution. The peeling degree of the coating increases as the magnitude of positive DC stray current interference increases in the range of 2–8 V. With 16 V positive stray current disturbance, the degree of coating disbonding decreases. With the application of negative stray current, the coating peeling becomes more serious, and the degree of peeling increases as the DC stray current increases.
Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis and IgM deposits on glomerular capillary walls after immunotherapy with nivolumab for metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Irifuku Taisuke , Satoh Ayaka , Tani Hiroki , Mandai Kouichi , Masaki Takao 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Nivolumab is an anti-programmed cell death-1 antibody that is utilized as an immune checkpoint inhibitor for several malignancies. However, this agent is associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs), mainly in the spectrum of autoimmune disease including interstitial pneumonia, colitis, type 1 diabetes, and renal impairment. We herein present the case of a 59-year-old man with renal cell carcinoma who developed worsening renal function approximately 4 months after initiation of nivolumab. Urinalysis showed proteinuria and microscopic hematuria along with increase levels of N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase. Renal biopsy revealed acute tubulointerstitial nephritis and thickening of the glomerular basement membranes. Immunofluorescence showed granular IgM deposits in capillary loops. We initiated high-dose prednisolone therapy with nivolumab, which improved renal function and achieved complete remission of proteinuria. Although renal irAEs are considered to be rare and glomerulonephropathy is not typical presentation, physicians need the close monitoring of renal function and urinalysis in patients under immunotherapy with this agents. In addition, our case provides a possible link between nivolumab and immune-mediated glomerulonephropathy.
Two-Stage Stochastic Variational Inequalities: Theory, Algorithms and Applications
Authors: Sun Hai-Lin , Chen Xiao-Jun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe stochastic variational inequality (SVI) provides a unified form of optimality conditions of stochastic optimization and stochastic games which have wide applications in science, engineering, economics and finance. In the recent two decades, one-stage SVI has been studied extensively and widely used in modeling equilibrium problems under uncertainty. Moreover, the recently proposed two-stage SVI and multistage SVI can be applied to the case when the decision makers want to make decisions at different stages in a stochastic environment. The two-stage SVI is a foundation of multistage SVI, which is to find a pair of “here-and-now” solution and “wait-and-see” solution. This paper provides a survey of recent developments in analysis, algorithms and applications of the two-stage SVI.
Facilitating collaborative animal research: The development and implementation of a Master Reciprocal Institutional Agreement for Animal Care and Use
Authors: Holthaus Kathryn , Goldberg David , Connelly Carolyn , Corning Brian , Nascimento Christina , Witte Elizabeth , Bierer Barbara E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEnsuring appropriate review, approval, and oversight of research involving animals becomes increasingly complex when researchers collaborate across multiple sites. In these situations, it is important that the division of responsibilities is clear and that all involved parties share a common understanding. The National Institutes of Health Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare and the United States Department of Agriculture Animal Plant Health Inspection Service require an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) to review the care and use of animals in research, and both agree that it is acceptable for one IACUC to review the work taking place at multiple institutions. With this in mind, several Harvard-affiliated hospitals and academic centers developed the Master Reciprocal Institutional Agreement for Animal Care and Use (Master IACUC Agreement) to support collaboration, decrease administrative burden, increase efficiencies, reduce duplicative efforts, and ensure appropriate protections for animals used in research. Locally, the Master IACUC Agreement has fostered greater collaboration and exchange while ensuring appropriate review and oversight of research involving animals. As multisite animal protocols become more prevalent, this Agreement could provide a model for a distributed, national network of IACUC reliance.
Status report of the Trondheim Radiocarbon Laboratory
Authors: Seiler Martin , Grootes Pieter M , Haarsaker John , Lélu Sylvie , Rzadeczka-Juga Izabela , Stene Sølvi , Svarva Helene , Thun Terje , Værnes Einar , Nadeau Marie-Josée 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThe Trondheim radiocarbon (14C) laboratory has evolved from a traditional radiocarbon decay counting laboratory to an accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) facility primarily measuring 14C. This evolution required adjustments in sample preparation and data handling to match the capacity of the AMS system and reduction in sample sizes to about 1 mgC. We summarize here the steps involved in dating a sample at the National Laboratory for Age Determination in Trondheim, Norway. These include the structure of our sample database for information handling, sample cleaning procedures for different sample types, our reduction systems, both an automated EA-based system for regular use and a manual system for more challenging samples, and data evaluation. We will also briefly summarize the capabilities of our isotope-ratio mass spectrometer.
Tremoring transits: railways, the Royal Observatory and the capitalist challenge to Victorian astronomical science
Authors: GILLIN EDWARD J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBritain's nineteenth-century railway companies traditionally play a central role in histories of the spread of standard Greenwich time. This relationship at once seems to embody a productive relationship between science and capitalism, with regulated time essential to the formation of a disciplined industrial economy. In this narrative, it is not the state, but capitalistic private commerce which fashioned a national time system. However, as this article demonstrates, the collaboration between railway companies and the Royal Greenwich Observatory was far from harmonious. While railways did employ the accurate time the observatory provided, they were also more than happy to compromise the astronomical institution's ability to take the accurate celestial observations that such time depended on. Observing astronomical transits required the use of troughs of mercury to reflect images of stars, but the construction of a railway too near to the observatory threatened to cause vibrations which would make such readings impossible. Through debates over proposed railway lines near the observatory, it becomes clear how important government protection from private interests was to preserving astronomical standards. This article revises our understanding of the role of railway companies in the dissemination of standard time and argues that state intervention was essential to preserving Victorian British astronomical science.
IgY antibody and human neurocysticercosis: a novel approach on immunodiagnosis usingTaenia crassicepshydrophobic antigens
Authors: Carrara Guilherme M. P. , Silva Gabriela B. , Faria Lucas S. , Nunes Daniela S. , Ribeiro Vanessa S. , Lopes Camila A. , Gonçalves-Pires Maria do Rosário F. , Santos Malu M. , Borges Isabela P. , Ferreira-Junior Álvaro , Ávila Veridiana M. R. , Costa-Cruz Julia M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHuman neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a worldwide neglected disease caused byTaenia soliummetacestode and responsible for various complications and neurological disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the use of specific immunoglobulin Y (IgY) produced by laying hens immunized with a hydrophobic fraction ofTaenia crassicepsmetacestodes (hFTc) in NCC diagnosis. Egg yolk IgY antibodies were fractionated, purified and characterized. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was carried out to evaluate the production kinetics and avidity maturation of anti-hFTcIgY antibodies throughout the IgY obtention process. Antigen recognition tests were carried out by Western blotting and immunofluorescence antibody test using purified and specific anti-hFTcIgY antibodies for detection of parasitic antigens ofT. crassicepsandT. soliummetacestodes. Sandwich ELISA was performed to detect circulating immune complexes formed by IgG and parasitic antigens in human sera. The results showed high diagnostic values (93.2% sensitivity and 94.3% specificity) for immune complexes detection in human sera with confirmed NCC. In conclusion, specific IgY antibodies produced from immunized hens with hFTcantigens were efficient to detectT. soliumimmune complexes in human sera, being an innovative and potential tool for NCC immunodiagnosis.
The Illustrated Dioskourides Codices and the Transmission of Images during Antiquity
Authors: Thomas Joshua J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA parchment codex of the early sixth centurya.d., now in Vienna, contains a remarkable series of nearly 400 full-page illustrations of individual botanical species. These illustrations accompany an alphabetical recension of a pharmacological treatise on the medicinal properties of plants written by Dioskourides of Anazarbos, a Greek author of the first centurya.d. Both the date of the codex and the style of its botanical illustrations have encouraged suggestions that the latter were modelled somehow on classical archetypes. This article presents new observations in support of the classical archetypes theory, but questions the traditional view that these archetypes were transmitted by ‘illustrated texts’ or ‘pattern books’ executed in papyrus or parchment. What follows is a new hypothesis concerning the nature of the artistic intermediaries used by painters, mosaicists and sculptors during antiquity.
Inequalities in older LGBT people's health and care needs in the United Kingdom: a systematic scoping review
Authors: Kneale Dylan , Henley Josie , Thomas James , French Robert 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe hostile environment that older lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people faced at younger ages in the United Kingdom (UK) may have a lasting negative impact on their health. This systematic scoping review adds to the current knowledge base through comprehensively synthesising evidence on what is known about the extent and nature of health and care inequalities, as well as highlighting gaps in the evidence which point the way towards future research priorities. We searched four databases, undertook manual searching, and included studies which presented empirical findings on LGBT people aged 50+ in the UK and their physical and mental health or social care status. From a total of 5,738 records, 48 papers from 42 studies were eligible and included for data extraction. The synthesis finds that inequities exist across physical and mental health, as well as in social care, exposure to violence and loneliness. Social care environments appeared as a focal point for inequities and formal care environments severely compromised the identity and relationships that older LGBT people developed over their lifecourse. Conversely, the literature demonstrated how some older LGBT people successfully negotiated age-related transitions,e.g.emphasising the important role of LGBT-focused social groups in offsetting social isolation and loneliness. While there exist clear policy implications around the requirement for formal care environments to change to accommodate an increasingly diverse older population, there is also a need to explore how to support older LGBT people to maintain their independence for longer, reducing the need for formal care.
KVLTER than KVLT: ‘True (Norwegian) black metal’ and the satanic politics of Bataillean ‘authenticity’
Authors: Bujalka Eva 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAlthough there has recently been significant work published on the relationship between twentieth-century French (anti-)philosopher Georges Bataille's theories of religion and violence, and the sound and politics of black metal, little has been done to address Bataille's and black metal's shared concern with the problem of ‘authenticity’. Their concern, determined by their complicity with ‘evil’, is centred on a critique of modernity. I will read, with a specific focus on the second wave of Norwegian black metal, black metal's connivance with evil through Bataille's notion of authentic literature. Although two very different mediums – literature and music – Bataille's concept is applicable to a reading of black metal because of his invocation of evil and the Luciferian in his interpretation of authenticity. Bataille argues that authentic literature is necessarily diabolical because of the Nietzschean form of sovereignty that the author momentarily attains at the conception of the modern world – that is, in the wake of the death of God. The authenticity that Bataille and black metal seek is therefore bound up both with godlessnessandthe satanic.
Cues for word-learning during shared book-reading and guided play in preschool
Authors: HADLEY Elizabeth Burke , DICKINSON David K. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe present study examines the perceptual, linguistic, and social cues that were associated with preschoolers’ (4;11) growth in word-learning during shared book-reading and guided play activities. Small groups of three preschoolers (n= 30) and one adult were video-recorded during an intervention study in which new vocabulary words were explicitly taught. Adult use of taught words was coded for perceptual and linguistic cues and type of social interaction. Hearing taught words used in the book text and learning information about words’ meanings during play was positively associated with growth in word-learning. Adult use of words in responsive, or child-initiated, interactions was positively associated with word-learning growth in both book-reading and play, while adult-initiated use of words was negatively associated with word-learning growth in both settings.
Enhanced function-means modeling supporting design space exploration
Authors: Müller Jakob R. , Isaksson Ola , Landahl Jonas , Raja Visakha , Panarotto Massimo , Levandowski Christoffer , Raudberget Dag 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOne problem in incremental product development is that geometric models are limited in their ability to explore radical alternative design variants. In this publication, a function modeling approach is suggested to increase the amount and variety of explored alternatives, since function models (FM) provide greater model flexibility. An enhanced function-means (EF-M) model capable of representing the constraints of the design space as well as alternative designs is created through a reverse engineering process. This model is then used as a basis for the development of a new product variant. This work describes the EF-M model's capabilities for representing the design space and integrating novel solutions into the existing product structure and explains how these capabilities support the exploration of alternative design variants. First-order analyses are executed, and the EF-M model is used to capture and represent already existing design information for further analyses. Based on these findings, a design space exploration approach is developed. It positions the FM as a connection between legacy and novel designs and, through this, allows for the exploration of more diverse product concepts. This approach is based on three steps – decomposition, design, and embodiment – and builds on the capabilities of EF-M to model alternative solutions for different requirements. While the embodiment step of creating the novel product's geometry is still a topic for future research, the design space exploration concept can be used to enable wider, more methodological, and potentially automated design space exploration.
Permanent pacing post-Fontan is not associated with reduced long-term survival
Authors: Hall Sally J. , Cullington Damien , Thomson John D. R. , Bentham James R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackground:The Fontan procedure is the final stage of surgical palliation for a single-ventricle circulation. Significant complications are common including rhythm disturbance necessitating implantation of a permanent pacemaker. This has been widely considered a negative prognostic indicator.Methods:This single-centre, retrospective case control study involved all patients who underwent the Fontan procedure at the Leeds Congenital Heart Unit between 1990 and 2015 and have had regular follow-up in Yorkshire and Humber, United Kingdom. 167 Fontan patients were identified of which 2 were excluded for having a pre-procedure pacemaker. Of the remainder, 23 patients required a pacemaker. Outcomes were survival, early and late complications, need for further intervention and oxygen saturation in long-term follow-up.Results:There was no difference in survival (30-day survival pacemaker 92.6%, sinus rhythm 90.5%, p = 0.66, 1-year pacemaker 11.1%, sinus rhythm 10.1%, p = 1). The pacemaker group was more likely to have cerebral or renal complications in the first-year post-procedure (acute kidney injury: sinus rhythm 0.8%, pacemaker 19.1%, p = 0.002). No difference was observed in longer term complications including protein losing enteropathy (sinus rhythm 3.5%, pacemaker 0% p = 1). There was no difference in saturations between the two groups at follow-up. Paced patients were more likely to have required further intervention, with a higher incidence of cardiopulmonary bypass procedures (sinus rhythm 6.3%, pacemaker 35%, p < 0.001).Conclusions:Despite an increase in early complications and the need for further interventions, pacemaker requirement does not appear to affect long-term survival following the Fontan procedure.
Desirable difficulties while learning collocations in a second language: Conditions that induce L1 interference improve learning
Authors: Pulido Manuel F. , Dussias Paola E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLearning conventional verb-noun combinations in a second language is known to be highly problematic when word choices differ from those in the native language. Grounded on recent proposals of desirable difficulties in vocabulary learning (Bjork & Kroll, 2015), we tested Spanish learners of English on a new paradigm that aimed to induce interference from the native language during lexical selection in a second language, as a way to train regulation of the dominant language. Results showed that recall rates were significantly higher in the group of learners that practiced in conditions of L1-interference. Faster RTs showed more efficient lexical selection in those same learners. Additionally, RTs revealed that the more successful learners in both groups incurred a cost in accessing verb choices congruent with the native language, a finding that is consistent with an inhibitory account.
Studying Identities with Experiments: Weighing the Risk of Posttreatment Bias Against Priming Effects
Authors: Klar Samara , Leeper Thomas , Robison Joshua 
Published: October 2019

AbstractScholars from across the social sciences argue that identities – such as race, ethnicity, and gender – are highly influential over individuals’ attitudes, actions, and evaluations. Experiments are becoming particularly integral for allowing identity scholars to explain how these social attachments shape our political behavior. In this letter, we draw attention to how identity scholars should approach the common practice of assessing moderators, measuring control variables, and detecting effect heterogeneity using covariates. Special care must be taken when deciding where to place measures of demographic covariates in identity-related experiments, as these cases pose unique challenges from how scholars traditionally approach experimental design. We argue in this letter that identity scholars, particularly those whose subjects identify as women or minorities, are often right to measure covariates of interest posttreatment.