bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with depression and anxiety symptoms among children seeking treatment for obesity: A social‐ecological approach
Authors: Sheinbein Daniel H. , Stein Richard I. , Hayes Jacqueline F. , Brown Mackenzie L. , Balantekin Katherine N. , Conlon Rachel P. Kolko , Saelens Brian E. , Perri Michael G. , Welch R. Robinson , Schechtman Kenneth B. , Epstein Leonard H. , Wilfley Denise E. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryBackgroundChildren with overweight/obesity are more likely to exhibit symptoms of depression and anxiety than are their peers without overweight/obesity; however, the rates and correlates of depression and anxiety symptoms among children seeking obesity treatment remain unclear.ObjectivesExamine the prevalence and associated factors of depression and anxiety symptoms among treatment‐seeking children with overweight/obesity.MethodsChildren 7 to 11 years old (N = 241) and their parents completed assessments before beginning family‐based behavioral weight‐loss treatment. Disorder‐specific self‐report questionnaires assessed child depression and anxiety. The social‐ecological model served as a framework for examining factors associated with depression and anxiety symptoms.ResultsAmong our sample, 39.8% (96/241) met clinical cutoffs for depression and/or anxiety symptomatology. Specifically, of these 96, 48 met criteria for both depression and anxiety, 24 for depression only, and 24 for anxiety only. Child eating disorder pathology, parents' use of psychological control (ie, a parenting style characterized by emotional manipulation), and lower child subjective social status were significantly associated with greater child depression symptomatology. Child eating disorder pathology and parent psychological control were significantly associated with greater child anxiety symptomatology.ConclusionNearly 40% of children exhibited psychopathology symptoms, and a variety of correlates were found. Thus, pediatric weight‐loss providers may consider screening for and addressing mental health concerns (and associated factors) prior to and during treatment.
Tool use by the graphic tuskfish Choerodon graphicus
Authors: Pryor Kimberley J. , Milton Ashley M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe describe how the graphic tuskfish Choerodon graphicus in New Caledonia uses rocks and coral heads as anvils to break open bivalves to obtain food. Video revealed that C. graphicus can make as many as 28 strikes on two anvils over 6 min in a single event. This example of tool use in fishes extends the behaviour taxonomically and geographically and supports the hypothesis that tool use may be widespread in wrasses, particularly those in the Choerodon genus.
Structure of winter groundfish feeding guilds in Pacific herring Clupea pallasii and walleye pollock Gadus chalcogrammus nursery fjords
Authors: Gray Benjamin P. , Bishop Mary Anne , Powers Sean 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe contents of 1056 stomachs were included in a trophic‐guild analysis to document separation amongst 16 groundfish species inhabiting Pacific herring Clupea pallasii and walleye pollock Gadus chalcogrammus nursery fjords in Prince William Sound, Alaska and to determine the relative contribution of C. pallasii and G. chalcogrammus to that separation. A total of five multi‐species feeding guilds and one outlier species were determined through multivariate analyses. Major gradients of trophic separation spanned from invertebrates (mostly shrimps, crabs and unidentified decapods) to fishes (mostly unidentified fishes, C. pallasii and G. chalcogrammus) a pattern that was influenced by intra and interspecific differences in predator lengths. While C. pallasii and G. chalcogrammus were important to the overall guild structure, within‐guild similarities were consistently highest due to unidentified fishes. In general, larger predators consumed the largest C. pallasii and G. chalcogrammus, with the smaller‐on‐average predators consuming smaller C. pallasii and fewer or smaller G. chalcogrammus. Regardless of guild inclusion, groundfishes primarily consumed pre‐recruit C. pallasii and G. chalcogrammus (i.e., younger than age 3 years fishes), which has the potential to negatively influence recruitment of these forage fishes to the adult, spawning population.
Functional Neurosonology Reveals Impaired Cerebrovascular Reactivity in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Krogias Christos , Christou Ioannis , Tsivgoulis Georgios , Koutroulou Ioanna , Schroeder Christoph , Lantinioti Chrissoula , Richter Daniel , Karapanayiotides Theodoros , Haghikia Aiden , Gold Ralf , Voumvourakis Konstantinos 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEVascular aspects like global cerebral hypoperfusion are frequently reported in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Although mechanistic question remains unanswered, this hemodynamic impairment may be caused by a widespread endothelial dysfunction. Furthermore, impaired cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) has been described in patients with MS by means of hypercapnic perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We sought to further evaluate potential hemodynamic restriction in patients with MS using functional sonographic methods.METHODSWe evaluated consecutive patients with MS and healthy controls with adequate bilateral transtemporal window. CVR was assessed by bilateral transcranial Doppler monitoring of proximal middle cerebral arteries. Mean flow velocities were recorded before and after 30 seconds of breath holding. Vasomotor response was quantified by breath holding index (BHI).RESULTSA total of 42 patients with MS (mean age 39 ± 12 years; 69% women) were compared to 31 healthy controls (mean age 35 ± 11 years; 71% women). BHI was lower in patients with MS compared to healthy controls (.70 ± .43 vs. .93 ± .55; P = .006), documenting a lower cerebrovascular response to hypercapnia. There was no correlation between patient age (r = .1254; P = .277), expanded disability status scale (r = .1838; P = .109), and disease duration (r = .1882; P = .101) with BHI in patients with MS.CONCLUSIONSThese preliminary sonographic findings appear to independently corroborate the previously reported observation of impaired CVR on brain MRI in patients with MS. However, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms as well as the clinical impact of this observation remain elusive.
Time pressure and proactive work behaviour: A week‐level study on intraindividual fluctuations and reciprocal relationships
Authors: Urbach Tina , Weigelt Oliver 
Published: April 2019

Recent research on proactive work behaviours (PWBs) pointed out that these behaviours can have negative consequences for the proactive individual. We add to this perspective by showing that PWBs may be a source of strain at work and result in elevated time pressure. Challenging the view of time pressure as a challenge stressor, we hypothesize that over the course of work weeks, time pressure will result in less (rather than more) PWB. We investigate these reciprocal effects as within‐person, week‐level fluctuations of time pressure and PWB based on experience sampling data (N = 52 participants,k = 274 observations). Over the course of three consecutive work weeks, results show a positive lagged effect of PWB in the first week on experiencing time pressure in the second week; in turn, time pressure in the second week had a negative lagged effect on PWB in the third week. Results further suggest that PWB is lowest in work weeks of low time pressure when following a week of high time pressure, indicating a conservation of resources interpretation of the results.Practitioner pointsAbove and beyond the many positive effects of employees’ proactive work behaviour (PWB), organizations need to be aware that these behaviours can have costs for employees, for example, in increasing their experience of time pressure.Over consecutive work weeks, time pressure seems to impede rather than facilitate employees’ PWBs.When work weeks characterized by high time pressure were followed by work weeks of low time pressure, employees used the latter to ‘recharge their batteries’ instead of engaging in more PWB.
Influence of the postharvest processing of the “Garnica” coffee variety on the sensory characteristics and overall acceptance of the beverage
Authors: Partida‐Sedas José Gervasio , Muñoz Ferreiro Mª Nieves , Vázquez‐Odériz Mª Lourdes , Romero‐Rodríguez Mª Ángeles , Pérez‐Portilla Emiliano 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEvaluating how the postharvest processes of coffee influence the sensory characteristics of the obtained beverage makes it possible to innovate to satisfy niche markets, increase cost–benefit advantages, and comply with environmental and quality standards. In this study, four postharvest processes (“natural,” “depulping,” “fermenting,” and “washing”) were carried out on the “Garnica” variety coffee fruit. The beverage resulting from each process underwent a sensory evaluation by (a) expert cuppers to characterize it with a descriptive analysis, as well as by (b) consumers to find out its overall acceptance. The red wine bouquet of the beverage, as obtained through the “natural” process, conditioned the overall acceptance of consumers, and the acceptance of the other coffees was conditioned by the fragrance having a note of lemon. The “depulping” and “fermentation” processes represented viable options to the “washed” coffee: These processes resulted in similar sensory characteristics and general acceptance but had a lower environmental impact. With an acceptance map from a multiple factor analysis of the sensory and hedonistic data, it was found that, when applied to Garnica variety coffee, the “depulping” process represents a viable option to replace “washed” coffee processing.Practical applicationsThe results obtained allow for the presentation of information about the possibility of transitioning to postharvest processes that represent an alternative to the traditional “washed” method for the agents and organisms that manage the coffee sector to raise awareness among them. These results also offer information to consumers regarding the existence of other coffee options with similar sensory characteristics to “washed” coffee, but which have a lower environmental impact.
Infant feeding practices and sleep development in pre‐schoolers from the EDEN mother–child cohort
Authors: Murcia Luisa , Reynaud Eve , Messayke Sabine , Davisse‐Paturet Camille , Forhan Anne , Heude Barbara , Charles Marie‐Aline , de Lauzon‐Guillain Blandine , Plancoulaine Sabine 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSleep problems affect 20%–30% of toddlers and preschoolers. Few longitudinal studies focused on the impact of infant feeding practices on sleep. We aimed to study the associations between feeding practices up to 8 months and trajectories of sleep quantity or quality from 2 to 5–6 years. Analyses included 1,028 children from the EDEN mother–child cohort. Data were collected by self‐administered questionnaires. Associations between feeding practices (breastfeeding, complementary feeding, use of thickened infant formula, night feeding) and sleep trajectories (sleep‐onset difficulties, night waking, nighttime in bed) were analysed by multiple logistic regressions. Predominant breastfeeding for more than 4 months was associated with lower risk for belonging to the persistent sleep‐onset difficulties trajectory. Night feeding at 4 months or at 2 years old was associated with higher risk for belonging to the persistent sleep‐onset difficulties trajectory, and night feeding at 8 months was associated with higher risk for night waking and higher risk for short nighttime in bed. Early introduction (< 4 months) to complementary foods (excluding baby cereals) was related to lower risk for short nighttime in bed. Use of baby cereals or thickened infant formula was related neither to sleep quality nor to sleep quantity. In conclusion, infant feeding practices are associated with sleep trajectories in preschoolers, with notably a potential protective role of breastfeeding. Further researches are needed to clarify the mechanisms of these relationships.
Effects of magnesium with or without boron on headshaking behavior in horses with trigeminal‐mediated headshaking
Authors: Sheldon Shara A. , Aleman Monica , Costa Lais R. R. , Weich Kalie , Howey Quinn , Madigan John E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundOral administration of magnesium and boron might have a beneficial effect on headshaking behavior in horses.ObjectiveEvaluate the effects of oral magnesium alone or in combination with boron on headshaking behavior in affected horses.AnimalsTwelve geldings (6 healthy controls and 6 affected).MethodsProspective randomized controlled dietary trial over 42 days in 12 horses (6 horses diagnosed with trigeminal‐mediated headshaking and 6 unaffected healthy controls). All horses received a hay diet and were randomized into 3 treatment groups: pelleted feed combination (PF), pelleted feed combination with magnesium (M), and pelleted feed combination with magnesium‐boron (MB) with a week washout of hay only between treatments. Headshaking behavior and biochemical blood variables were assessed at baseline (hay only) and then after each week of supplementation.ResultsAll 3 diet interventions increased blood ionized and total magnesium. Groups M and MB further increased Mg2+ when compared to PF. Horses receiving treatments had a significant reduction in headshaking behavior, as measured by incidence rate ratio (IRR), when compared to unsupplemented hay diet (44% for PF, IRR, 0.558; CI, 0.44, 0.72; P < .001; 52% for M, IRR, 0.476; CI, 0.37, 0.62; P < .001; and 64% for MB, IRR, 0.358; CI, 0.27, 0.48; P < .001).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceMagnesium in combination with boron had the greatest decrease in headshaking. Oral supplementation with magnesium or magnesium in combination with boron should be considered in horses affected with headshaking.
Effects of Pointing Gestures on Memory for (In)Congruent Stimuli in Children and Young Adults
Authors: Ouwehand Kim , Dijkstra Katinka , van Gog Tamara , Paas Fred 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTWe investigated whether finger pointing toward picture locations can be used as an external cognitive control tool to guide attention and compensate for the immature cognitive control functions in children compared with young adults. Item and source memory performance was compared for picture‐location pairs that were either semantically congruent (e.g., a cloud presented at the upper half of the screen) or incongruent (e.g., a cloud presented at the lower part of the screen). Contrary to our expectations, pointing had an adverse effect on source memory compared to visual observation only, in both age groups. As expected, superior source memory performance was found for congruent compared to incongruent picture‐locations pairs in both age groups. These findings suggest that pointing toward pictures compared to only viewing may hamper memory, and that congruent picture locations are easier to remember than incongruent ones.
Exploring group boundaries and conflicts: a social identity theory perspective
Authors: Bochatay Naike , Bajwa Nadia M , Blondon Katherine S , Junod Perron Noëlle , Cullati Stéphane , Nendaz Mathieu R 
Published: April 2019

ContextIn the clinical environment, health care professionals self‐categorise into different groups towards which they develop positive attitudes, whereas they view other groups less favourably. Social identity theory purports that these attitudes influence group processes and may foster conflicts that impede collaborative practice, although this relationship is poorly understood. This study used concepts from social identity theory to examine the interplay between group processes and conflicts, as well as the consequences of these conflicts, with the goal of identifying educational strategies to favour teamwork.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews with 82 randomly selected physicians and nursing professionals working at a Swiss academic medical centre explored participants’ experiences of conflicts. Data analysis was informed by social identity theory and focused on interviews where group processes were highlighted by participants. The analysis sought to uncover how group processes were intertwined with conflicts and how they affected health care professionals.ResultsA total of 42 participants out of the initial pool of 82 interviews shared 52 stories of conflicts involving group processes. Most of these stories were shared by physicians and involved groups of physicians at different hierarchical levels. Conflicts and group processes were linked in two ways: (i) through processes of group membership when individuals struggled to join a relevant group, and (ii) through intergroup boundaries, such as when participants perceived that power differentials disadvantaged their own groups. Conflicts could lead to difficult experiences for clinicians who questioned their abilities, became disillusioned with their professional ideals and developed negative perceptions of other groups.ConclusionsThis study suggests that conflicts involving group processes may lead to stronger intergroup boundaries, challenging current educational efforts to favour teamwork in health care. Taking steps to create more inclusive groups and to encourage perspective taking may help manage intergroup conflict.
The role of C‐terminal extensions in controlling ECF σ factor activity in the widely conserved groups ECF41 and ECF42
Authors: Wu Hao , Liu Qiang , Casas‐Pastor Delia , Dürr Franziska , Mascher Thorsten , Fritz Georg 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThe activity of extracytoplasmic function σ‐factors (ECFs) is typically regulated by anti‐σ factors. In a number of highly abundant ECF groups, including ECF41 and ECF42, σ‐factors contain fused C‐terminal protein domains, which provide the necessary regulatory function instead. Here, we identified the contact interface between the C‐terminal extension and the core σ‐factor regions required for controlling ECF activity. We applied direct coupling analysis (DCA) to infer evolutionary covariation between contacting amino acid residues for groups ECF41 and ECF42. Mapping the predicted interactions to a recently solved ECF41 structure demonstrated that DCA faithfully identified an important contact interface between the SnoaL‐like extension and the linker between the σ2 and σ4 domains. Systematic alanine substitutions of contacting residues support this model and suggest that this interface stabilizes a compact conformation of ECF41 with low transcriptional activity. For group ECF42, DCA supports a structural homology model for their C‐terminal tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domains and predicts an intimate contact between the first TPR‐helix and the σ4 domain. Mutational analyses demonstrate the essentiality of the predicted interactions for ECF42 activity. These results indicate that C‐terminal extensions indeed bind and regulate the core ECF regions, illustrating the potential of DCA for discovering regulatory motifs in the ECF subfamily.
Factors associated with nutritional status and motor development among young children
Authors: Wang Peipei , Hao Ming , Han Wei , Yamauchi Taro 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate the nutritional status and gross motor development of children in a suburban area of northeast China and the factors influencing these issues. A total of 189 children aged 1–3 years and their mothers participated. Child and maternal length/height and weight were measured. Information was collected on basic characteristics, household monthly income, child's age at achievement of six gross motor milestones, and feeding practices by interviewing the mothers/caregivers. The prevalence of overweight (using World Health Organization growth standards) and delayed achievement of walking alone among the children was 27% and 12.7%, respectively. The independent predictors of increased odds for being overweight were middle household income and high dietary diversity score. Exclusive breastfeeding was associated with lower odds of children being overweight. Delayed solid feeding initiation was associated with increased odds of delay in walking alone for the children. Breastfeeding predicted reduced odds of this issue. These findings suggest that nutritional intervention and childcare education, such as breastfeeding promotion, improved diet quality, and the timely introduction of solid food, could improve growth and development among young children in suburban northeast China.
Sparing of the nipple‐areola complex by capillary malformations: Vascular variant of the Bork–Baykal phenomenon
Authors: Knöpfel Nicole , Theiler Martin , Rodríguez‐Jiménez Pedro , Happle Rudolf , Weibel Lisa , Torrelo Antonio 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe“Bork‐Baykal phenomenon” refers to the sparing of the nipple‐areola complex in large congenital melanocytic nevi involving the breast. So far, this finding has not been reported in vascular anomalies. We present four patients with an extensive capillary malformation (CM) involving the breast that was found to exhibit a similar sparing of the nipple and areola. All of these capillary nevi were associated with asymmetric overgrowth.
Azithromycin reduces airway inflammation induced by human rhinovirus in lung allograft recipients
Authors: Ling Kak‐Ming , Hillas Jessica , Lavender Melanie A. , Wrobel Jeremy P. , Musk Michael , Stick Stephen M. , Kicic Anthony 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveHuman rhinovirus (RV) is a common upper and lower respiratory pathogen in lung allograft recipients causing respiratory tract exacerbation and contributing towards allograft dysfunction and long‐term lung decline. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that RV could infect both the small and large airways, resulting in significant inflammation.MethodsMatched large and small airway epithelial cells (AEC) were obtained from five lung allograft recipients. Primary cultures were established, and monolayers were infected with RV1b over time with varying viral titre. Cell viability, receptor expression, viral copy number, apoptotic induction and inflammatory cytokine production were also assessed at each region. Finally, the effect of azithromycin on viral replication, induction of apoptosis and inflammation was investigated.ResultsRV infection caused significant cytotoxicity in both large AEC (LAEC) and small AEC (SAEC), and induced a similar apoptotic response in both regions. There was a significant increase in receptor expression in the LAEC only post viral infection. Viral replication was elevated in both LAEC and SAEC, but was not significantly different. Prophylactic treatment of azithromycin reduced viral replication and dampened the production of inflammatory cytokines post‐infection.ConclusionOur data illustrate that RV infection is capable of infecting upper and lower AEC, driving cell death and inflammation. Prophylactic treatment with azithromycin was found to mitigate some of the detrimental responses. Findings provide further support for the prophylactic prescription of azithromycin to minimize the impact of RV infection.