bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial resistance and genotyping of vacA, cagA, and iceA alleles of the Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from traditional dairy products
Authors: Ranjbar Reza , Yadollahi Farsani Farid , Safarpoor Dehkordi Farhad 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDairy products play a considerable role in transmission of Helicobacter pylori. The current study was done to assess phenotypic characters of antimicrobial resistance and genotyping pattern of vacA, cagA, and iceA alleles among the H. pylori strains isolated from dairy products. Eight‐hundred dairy samples were collected and cultured. Antimicrobial resistance and genotyping patterns were assessed using disk diffusion and polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Thirty‐one out of 800 (3.87%) traditional dairy product samples were positive for H. pylori. Cheese (11.53%) samples had the highest incidence of H. pylori, while yoghurt (1.11%) had the lowest. Helicobacter pylori strains harbored the highest incidence of resistance against ampicillin (93.54%), amoxicillin (93.54%), tetracycline (90.32%), erythromycin (80.64%), and metronidazole (77.41%). VacA s1a (90.32%), m1a (90.32%), s2 (80.64%) and m2 (77.19%), cagA (51.61%), and iceA1 (32.25%) were the most routinely identified genotypes. S1am1a (67.74%), s2m1a (64.51%), and s1am2 (51.61%) were the most routinely identified genotyping pattern. Simultaneous presence of vacA, cagA, and iceA genotypes in antimicrobial resistant H. pylori strains indicates important public health issue regarding the consumption of dairy products. However, additional researches are required to find molecular genetic homology and other epidemiological aspects of H. pylori in dairy products.Practical applicationsDue to the high consumption rate of dairy samples, they should have a high microbial quality. Foods with animal origins and especially dairy samples are considered as a probable source of Helicobacter pylori infections. The incidence of contamination of dairy samples by H. pylori is fairly high, and nearly all of the isolates exhibited resistance against several types of antimicrobials and harbored pathogenic vacA, cagA, and iceA genotypes, so the risk of probable foodborne diseases caused by H. pylori in such products should not be neglected. Additionally, dairy samples may act as a reservoir of H. pylori with ability to transfer antimicrobial resistance and virulent genotypes.
Towards Productive Cities: Environmental Assessment of the Food‐Energy‐Water Nexus of the Urban Roof Mosaic
Authors: Toboso‐Chavero Susana , Nadal Ana , Petit‐Boix Anna , Pons Oriol , Villalba Gara , Gabarrell Xavier , Josa Alejandro , Rieradevall Joan 
Published: November 2018

SummaryCities are rapidly growing and need to look for ways to optimize resource consumption. Metropolises are especially vulnerable in three main systems, often referred to as the FEW (i.e., food, energy, and water) nexus. In this context, urban rooftops are underutilized areas that might be used for the production of these resources.We developed the Roof Mosaic approach, which combines life cycle assessment with two rooftop guidelines, to analyze the technical feasibility and environmental implications of producing food and energy, and harvesting rainwater on rooftops through different combinations at different scales. To illustrate, we apply the Roof Mosaic approach to a densely populated neighborhood in a Mediterranean city. The building‐scale results show that integrating rainwater harvesting and food production would avoid relatively insignificant emissions (13.9–18.6 kg CO2 eq/inhabitant/year) in the use stage, but their construction would have low environmental impacts. In contrast, the application of energy systems (photovoltaic or solar thermal systems) combined with rainwater harvesting could potentially avoid higher CO2 eq emissions (177–196 kg CO2 eq/inhabitant/year) but generate higher environmental burdens in the construction phase.When applied at the neighborhood scale, the approach can be optimized to meet between 7% and 50% of FEW demands and avoid up to 157 tons CO2 eq/year. This approach is a useful guide to optimize the FEW nexus providing a range of options for the exploitation of rooftops at the local scale, which can aid cities in becoming self‐sufficient, optimizing resources, and reducing CO2 eq emissions.
Discrimination of dynamically and post‐dynamically recrystallized grains based on EBSD data: application to Inconel 718
Authors: NICOLAŸ A. , FRANCHET J.M. , CORMIER J. , MANSOUR H. , DE GRAEF M. , SERET A. , BOZZOLO N. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryThe importance of angular resolution in EBSD analyses is discussed based on an Inconel 718 sample containing several populations of recrystallized grains, with subtle differences in dislocation contents. Classical EBSD analyses (with angular resolution in the range of 0.5–1°) do not allow for distinguishing recrystallized grains grown dynamically or post‐dynamically. The angular resolution of EBSD orientation and misorientation data can be significantly improved (down to about 0.1–0.2°) either using more sophisticated Kikuchi pattern indexing methods and/or using the recently proposed LLASS denoising filter (Local Linear Automatic Smoothing Splines). Then the coexistence of both dynamically and post‐dynamically recrystallized grains in the sample can be confirmed and quantified. ECCI images unambiguously confirm the conclusions drawn from the analysis of improved angular resolution EBSD data, and furthermore reveal the presence of thermal stress induced dislocations with typical patterns in water quenched Inconel 718 recrystallized grains.Lay DescriptionEBSD is widely used to study recrystallization phenomena. Conventional EBSD is nevertheless not able to distinguish dynamic recrystallized grains from post‐dynamic recrystallized grains which differ by subtitle differences in dislocation contents. In this paper, we show that improving the orientation precision of EBSD data by means of different methods allows distinguishing these two recrystallized grains populations. Analyses and discussion are based on an Inconel 718, a famous Nickel‐based superalloy in aeronautic.
Inside‐out or outside‐in, a new factor in MAG‐mediated signaling in the nervous system
Authors: Janssen Bert J. C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOur nervous system depends on protein‐mediated cellular communication and connections for its formation and function. The transmembrane receptor Myelin‐Associated Glycoprotein (MAG) plays an important role in the wrapping process of myelin around axons and in life‐long maintenance of this important bicellular structure. MAG organizes the adhesion and the signalling between the axon and the myelin. But how does MAG do this? Better understanding of this process is required to treat MAG‐function associated neurological disorders. This editorial highlights a study by Myllykoski et al. in the current issue of the Journal of Neurochemistry that describes the identification and characterization of a novel intracellular binding partner of MAG. Using cellular, biophysical and structural techniques, the authors show that the dynein light chain, DYNLL1 recognizes and interacts with only one of two splice forms of MAG, L‐MAG. DYNLL1 dimerizes L‐MAG at the cytosolic side and this has implications for the signalling and adhesive functions of MAG in our nervous system.
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The impact of within‐day work breaks on daily recovery processes: An event‐based pre‐/post‐experience sampling study
Authors: Zhu Ze , Kuykendall Lauren , Zhang Xichao 
Published: November 2018

Research on recovery from work stress has emphasized the importance of within‐day work breaks. However, prior research has not been designed and analysed in a way that fully aligns with the processes described by the underlying theoretical framework (i.e., the effort‐recovery model). The current paper examines the effects of within‐day work breaks on recovery using an event‐based pre‐/post (EBPP)‐design, in a way that more fully captures the recovery process as described by the effort‐recovery model. We also included designs used in previous studies (i.e., an interval‐based design and an event‐based design without pre‐break strain measures) to demonstrate the differences between the EBPP design and previous designs. The results of the EBPP model using a sample of Chinese white‐collar employees showed that within‐day work breaks are significantly associated with reduced fatigue and negative affect and increased positive affect, supporting the predicted recovery effects of within‐day work breaks. However, mixed results were found in the interval‐based design, and non‐significant results were found in the event‐based design without pre‐break measurements. We discuss methodological implications and explain how the EBPP design could be applied to study other episodic phenomena.Practitioner points

An event‐based pre‐/post‐design (EBPP) can be used to study recovery and other momentary, episodic events at work.

Within‐day work breaks can help employees reduce fatigue and negative affect and increase positive affect.

Relaxation break activities, nutrition‐intake activities, social activities, and cognitive activities help recovery.
Implementing a new adolescent epilepsy service: Improving patient experience and readiness for transition
Authors: Le Marne Fleur A , Towns Susan J , Gaskin Claire , Ho Jane , Baker Richard , Beavis Erin , Bye Anne M 
Published: November 2018

AimTo implement and appraise a new model of care in terms of: patient experience, knowledge of epilepsy, readiness for transition and emotional and behavioural support in a new purpose‐built facility for adolescents and young adults.MethodsThe new model of care included: upskilling of neurology staff in adolescent engagement and provision of group education sessions on epilepsy and mental health (MH), along with MH support, in a new purpose‐built adolescent facility. Parameters examined pre‐ and post‐attendance at the new clinic included: adolescent experience of service delivery, transition readiness, emotional and behavioural well‐being, epilepsy knowledge and medication adherence.ResultsA total of 45 adolescents (mean age 15.7 years) attended the new epilepsy clinic between February 2017 and December 2017. Adolescents felt significantly better informed following education in relation to epilepsy and driving, alcohol/street drugs and birth control/pregnancy. There was no significant improvement in self‐reported medication adherence, transition readiness or mental well‐being at follow‐up. While MH education was ranked highly in terms of importance by adolescents and parents at baseline, attendance at MH education and engagement with MH support was low.ConclusionsThis paper documents what is important to young people with epilepsy regarding service delivery. The new adolescent service was well received. Based on feedback from adolescents and parents relating to the service, and the suboptimal uptake of MH supports, the model of care has been revised to reduce attendance burden on families and improve patient experience.
Detection of recombinant and endogenous mouse melatonin receptors by monoclonal antibodies targeting the C‐terminal domain
Authors: Cecon Erika , Ivanova Anna , Luka Marine , Gbahou Florence , Friederich Anne , Guillaume Jean‐Luc , Keller Patrick , Knoch Klaus , Ahmad Raise , Delagrange Philippe , Solimena Michele , Jockers Ralf 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMelatonin receptors play important roles in the regulation of circadian and seasonal rhythms, sleep, retinal functions, the immune system, depression, and type 2 diabetes development. Melatonin receptors are approved drug targets for insomnia, non‐24‐hour sleep‐wake disorders, and major depressive disorders. In mammals, two melatonin receptors (MTRs) exist, MT1 and MT2, belonging to the G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. Similar to most other GPCRs, reliable antibodies recognizing melatonin receptors proved to be difficult to obtain. Here, we describe the development of the first monoclonal antibodies (mABs) for mouse MT1 and MT2. Purified antibodies were extensively characterized for specific reactivity with mouse, rat, and human MT1 and MT2 by Western blot, immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, and proximity ligation assay. Several mABs were specific for either mouse MT1 or MT2. None of the mABs cross‐reacted with rat MTRs, and some were able to react with human MTRs. The specificity of the selected mABs was validated by immunofluorescence microscopy in three established locations (retina, suprachiasmatic nuclei, pituitary gland) for MTR expression in mice using MTR‐KO mice as control. MT2 expression was not detected in mouse insulinoma MIN6 cells or pancreatic beta‐cells. Collectively, we report the first monoclonal antibodies recognizing recombinant and native mouse melatonin receptors that will be valuable tools for future studies.
Combined effects of guanidinoacetic acid, coenzyme Q10 and taurine on growth performance, gene expression and ascites mortality in broiler chickens
Authors: Faraji Mehrab , Karimi Dehkordi Saeid , Zamiani Moghadam Abdol Karim , Ahmadipour Behnam , Khajali Fariborz 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHigh levels of guanidinoacetate acid (GAA) deteriorate growth response in broiler chickens. We propose using coenzyme Q10, an antioxidant, and taurine (TAU), a methyl donor, to cope with the situation when high level of GAA included in diet. GAA was supplemented at 0 (control), 0.75, 1.5 and 2.25 g/kg in isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets and fed to broilers (Cobb 500) from 1 to 40 days post‐hatch. Three additional diets were prepared by adding CoQ10 (40 mg/kg), TAU (40 mg/kg) or their combination (both CoQ10 and TAU at 40 mg/kg) to the 2.25 g/kg GAA group. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design. While weight gain (p = 0.038) and feed conversion ratio (p = 0.024) improved when GAA added at 1.5 g/kg, higher supplementation (2.25 g/kg) deteriorated these responses. These responses, however, were significantly restored by using CoQ10, TAU or their combination. Abdominal fat deposition was significantly decreased when TAU added to broiler diets by virtue of upregulating peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha. Supplementing broiler diets with CoQ10 and TAU or their combination significantly decrease ascites mortality. In conclusion, CoQ10 and TAU have shown beneficial effects when high level of GAA included in broiler diets.
The therapeutic potential of regulatory T lymphocytes in periodontitis: A systematic review
Authors: Cafferata Emilio Alfredo , Jerez Alfredo , Vernal Rolando , Monasterio Gustavo , Pandis Nikolaos , Faggion Clovis M. 
Published: November 2018

This systematic review aimed to: (a) generate a descriptive synthesis of preclinical studies assessing the therapeutic potential of regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) to arrest periodontitis, (b) evaluate the methodological heterogeneity of the reviewed animal studies and (c) assess the risk of bias (RoB) of the included studies. The electronic search for animal studies included the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and LILACS databases. In addition, a manual search assessed the high‐ranked scientific journals in “periodontics/immunology” and the references listed in the included studies. There were no language, year or publication status restrictions. Two independent reviewers selected and extracted the data, and Cohen's Kappa coefficient was calculated to determine the inter‐examiner agreement. The Systematic Review Center for Laboratory Animal Experimentation's (SYRCLE) tool was used to assess the RoB. A total of 21 of the 425 studies obtained from the database search were included. Treg function was mainly described in Porphyromonas gingivalis‐induced periodontitis (57.1%) in mice (76.2%), where Treg suppression was strongly related to disease progression and Treg induction was strongly related to immuno‐inflammatory response reduction. Of those 21 studies, eight included eight animal experiments using three distinct therapeutic approaches, including: P. gingivalis‐driven immunization (n = 3), retinoic acid inoculation (n = 2) and anti‐inflammatory molecules in polymeric carriers (n = 3), which could modulate the Treg activity through cytokine production (interleukin‐10 and transforming growth factor‐β1), CC‐chemokine‐ and CC‐chemokine receptor‐mediated chemoattraction (CCL22 and CCR4) or Th17‐associated receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) downregulation. However, the studies with animal experiments did not specify the randomization sequences and housing conditions that were used, and therefore, 42.11% of the entries were rated as unclear RoB. Distinct therapeutic strategies involving Tregs could potentially suppress the immuno‐inflammatory response and restore alveolar bone homeostasis during periodontitis. Nevertheless, important methodological variability, poor reporting of treatment effect estimates and unclear RoB suggest using caution when assessing the results of these studies.
A comprehensive study on donor‐matched comparisons of three types of mesenchymal stem cells‐containing cells from human dental tissue
Authors: Xing Yixiao , Zhang Yunpeng , Wu Xuan , Zhao Bin , Ji Yawen , Xu Xin 
Published: November 2018

Background and ObjectiveMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely used in tissue engineering, such as for regenerating the supporting structures of teeth destroyed by periodontal diseases. In recent decades, dental tissue‐derived MSCs have drawn much attention owing to their accessibility, plasticity and applicability. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and gingival MSCs (GMSCs) are the most readily available MSCs among all types of dental MSCs. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively compare the characteristics of MSCs from dental pulp (DP), periodontal ligament (PDL) and gingiva (G) in vitro and thus provide insight into optimizing the performance of cells and seed cell selection strategies for tissue regeneration.Materials and MethodsIn this study, patient‐matched (n = 5) cells derived from DP, PDL and G which, respectively, contained DPSCs, PDLSCs and GMSCs were evaluated using multiple methods in terms of their proliferation, senescence, apoptosis, multilineage differentiation and stemness maintenance after long‐term passage.ResultsMesenchymal stem cells‐containing cells from G (MSCs/GCs) showed superior proliferation capability, whereas patient‐matched MSCs‐containing cells from PDL (MSCs/PDLCs) exhibited excellent osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation ability; MSCs‐containing cells from DP (MSCs/DPCs) achieved mediocre results in both aspects. In addition, MSCs/GCs were the least susceptible to senescence, while MSCs/PDLCs were the most prone to ageing. Furthermore, the biological properties of these three types of cells were all affected after long‐term in vitro culture.ConclusionThese three types of dental MSCs showed different biological characteristics. MSCs/PDLCs are the best candidate cells for bone regeneration, but the application of MSCs/PDLCs might be limited to certain number of passages. Improving the differentiation of MSCs/GCs remains the key issue regarding their application in tissue engineering.
A forced‐choice preferential looking task for the assessment of vision in dogs: pilot study
Authors: Graham K. L. , Byosiere S.‐E. , Feng L. C. , Sanders M. , Bennett P. C. , Caruso K. , McCowan C. I. , White A. 
Published: November 2018

ObjectivesTo describe preliminary use of a forced‐choice preferential looking task for the clinical assessment of vision in dogs.Materials and MethodsThe vision of 18 pet dogs was investigated in two separate studies using a forced‐choice preferential looking task: multiple observers watched eye, head and body movements on video recordings to identify cues suggesting when a dog had seen the feature of interest. Human observer reliability was determined using eight dogs and computer‐generated stimuli. Visual acuity was assessed using computer‐generated grating stimuli: in real‐time, an observer watched each dog's eye movement patterns and behaviour to decide whether each grating was seen. Stimuli were presented in a step‐wise manner and were controlled by the observer. Acuity was estimated as the highest spatial frequency the dog was determined to have seen.ResultsMedian estimated visual acuity was better at 1 m compared to that at 3 m. Average test time was longer at a 3‐m distance than at 1 m. Inter‐ and intra‐observer reliability was better from 1 m than from 3 m.Clinical SignificancePreliminary use of a forced‐choice preferential looking task for measurement of visual acuity in dogs has potential use as a clinical tool for the assessment of vision in dogs.
Video Modeling and Explicit Instruction: A Comparison of Strategies for Teaching Mathematics to Students with Learning Disabilities
Authors: Satsangi Rajiv , Hammer Rachel , Hogan Christina D. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAs classrooms begin to adopt a greater number of digital technologies such as computers and tablets, it is important for educators to understand how effective such tools can be in aiding in the delivery of instruction to students who struggle in mathematics, such as those identified with a learning disability in mathematics. One digital‐based instructional strategy with a limited research base for students with a learning disability is video modeling. Through a single subject alternating treatments design, this study compared the use of video modeling to face‐to‐face explicit instruction for teaching geometry word problems to three secondary students with a learning disability in mathematics. Across 10 sessions of intervention, all three students demonstrated improved performance on all dependent variables with both interventions, while the explicit instruction condition produced slightly greater accuracy scores for two of the three students. The results and their implications for the field of mathematics are discussed.
The status of research on the mammals of Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Broto Bayu , Mortelliti Alessio 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe Indonesian island of Sulawesi is widely considered a mammal conservation hotspot, mainly due to the high number of threatened endemic species with limited geographical ranges that are found there, and also due to the biogeographical importance of Sulawesi as the largest island in the Wallacea region.To date, there has been no comprehensive review to evaluate the status of what we know about mammals in Sulawesi. The overarching goal of our review is to contribute towards identifying knowledge gaps in the biology and ecology of mammals in Sulawesi.Our specific aims were to: 1) identify taxonomic and geographic bias in published research; 2) identify biases within existing ecological knowledge; and 3) identify key research priorities for the future.Our review covers a total of 280 articles (published between 1921 and 2017) on 144 species of mammal from Sulawesi.Through our review we found: 1) a strong taxonomic bias, with the majority of studies being conducted on primates (59% of published articles); 2) a geographic bias, where significantly fewer studies took place in the provinces of West Sulawesi and Gorontalo; and 3) a bias in research topics, with most studies (50% of published research) focusing on taxonomy and behaviour.As an outcome of this review, we provide specific recommendations for future researchers, including: 1) a checklist of understudied species, with particular emphasis on understudied species of conservation concern; 2) a checklist of understudied research topics, with an emphasis on the need to conduct detailed auto‐ecological studies; and 3) suggestions on how to adjust research methods on population and habitat studies.