bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GABAA receptor subunit expression changes in the human Alzheimer's disease hippocampus, subiculum, entorhinal cortex and superior temporal gyrus
Authors: Kwakowsky Andrea , Calvo‐Flores Guzmán Beatriz , Pandya Madhavi , Turner Clinton , Waldvogel Henry J. , Faull Richard L. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractGamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. GABA type A receptors (GABAARs) are severely affected in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the distribution and subunit composition of GABAARs in the AD brain are not well understood. This is the first comprehensive study to show brain region‐ and cell layer‐specific alterations in the expression of the GABAAR subunits α1‐3, α5, β1‐3 and γ2 in the human AD hippocampus, entorhinal cortex and superior temporal gyrus. In late‐stage AD tissue samples using immunohistochemistry we found significant alteration of all investigated GABAARs subunits except for α3 and β1 that were well preserved. The most prominent changes include an increase in GABAAR α1 expression associated with AD in all layers of the CA3 region, in the stratum (str.) granulare and hilus of the dentate gyrus. We found a significant increase in GABAAR α2 expression in the str. oriens of the CA1‐3, str. radiatum of the CA2,3 and decrease in the str. pyramidale of the CA1 region in AD cases. In AD there was a significant increase in GABAAR α5 subunit expression in str. pyramidale, str. oriens of the CA1 region and decrease in the superior temporal gyrus. We also found a significant decrease in the GABAAR β3 subunit immunoreactivity in the str. oriens of the CA2, str. granulare and str. moleculare of the dentate gyrus. In conclusion, these findings indicate that the expression of the GABAAR subunits shows brain region‐ and layer‐specific alterations in AD, and these changes could significantly influence and alter GABAAR function in the disease.
image
Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.14179.
Congenital lymphangioma circumscriptum of vulva presenting as multiple giant mass lesions: a case report and literature review
Authors: Akhavan Setareh , Agah Jila , Nili Fatemeh 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA G2L2 33‐year‐old woman presented to our clinic with large verrucous warty masses in labia major, perinea and the end portion of her spine measuring about 15 × 7, 9 × 7 and 8 × 8 cm, which had been enlarged following puberty and pregnancy. Her right upper and left lower limbs had gross congenital lymphedema. The masses were removed by superficial partial vulvectomy with a qualified margin and repaired without skin graft. Pathology report showed lymphangioma circumscriptum. Several months of follow up revealed normal healing and no recurrence. In conclusion, congenital vulvar lymphangioma, which is a rare disorder, can be highly triggered by hormonal‐stimulating situations like puberty and pregnancy. Thus, it is better to visit the affected cases in a timely manner in order to excise these lesions before massive enlargement. In our experience, a superficial partial vulvectomy without skin graft can be a sufficient procedure. Obviously, an appropriate approach during and after surgery would be very important for obtaining a desirable healing.
Early Blood‐Brain Barrier Disruption after Mechanical Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Shi Zhong‐Song , Duckwiler Gary R. , Jahan Reza , Tateshima Satoshi , Szeder Viktor , Saver Jeffrey L. , Kim Doojin , Sharma Latisha K. , Vespa Paul M. , Salamon Noriko , Villablanca J. Pablo , Viñuela Fernando , Feng Lei , Loh Yince , Liebeskind David S. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEThe impact of blood‐brain barrier (BBB) disruption can be detected by intraparenchymal hyperdense lesion on the computed tomography (CT) scan after endovascular stroke therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine whether early BBB disruption predicts intracranial hemorrhage and poor outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with mechanical thrombectomy.METHODSWe analyzed patients with anterior circulation stroke treated with mechanical thrombectomy and identified BBB disruption on the noncontrast CT images immediately after endovascular treatment. Follow‐up CT or magnetic resonance imaging scan was performed at 24 hours to assess intracranial hemorrhage. We dichotomized patients into those with moderate BBB disruption versus those with minor BBB disruption and no BBB disruption. We evaluated the association of moderate BBB disruption after mechanical thrombectomy with intracranial hemorrhage and clinical outcomes.RESULTSModerate BBB disruption after mechanical thrombectomy was found in 56 of 210 patients (26.7%). Moderate BBB disruption was independently associated with higher rates of hemorrhagic transformation (OR 25.33; 95% CI 9.93‐64.65; P < .001), parenchymal hematoma (OR 20.57; 95% CI 5.64‐74.99; P < .001), and poor outcome at discharge (OR 2.35; 95% CI 1.09‐5.07; P = .03). The association of BBB disruption with intracranial hemorrhage remained in patients with successful reperfusion after mechanical thrombectomy. The location of BBB disruption was not associated with intracranial hemorrhage and poor outcome.CONCLUSIONSModerate BBB disruption is common after mechanical thrombectomy in a quarter of patients with acute ischemic stroke and increases the risk of intracranial hemorrhage and poor outcome.
Evaluation of potential serum biomarkers of hepatic fibrosis and necroinflammatory activity in dogs with liver disease
Authors: Raghu Chantel , Ekena Joanne , Cullen John M. , Webb Craig B. , Trepanier Lauren A. 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundSerum interleukin 6 (IL‐6), chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), C‐reactive protein (CRP), and the ratio of aspartate transaminase to alanine transaminase (AST:ALT) have been correlated with fibrosis and necroinflammatory activity in humans with various hepatopathies.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo determine whether increases in serum IL‐6, CCL2, CRP, or AST:ALT were associated with moderate to severe fibrosis or necroinflammatory activity in dogs with various hepatopathies.AnimalsForty‐four client‐owned dogs with clinical evidence of liver disease and 10 healthy purpose‐bred dogs, all undergoing liver biopsies by laparoscopy or laparotomy.MethodsMeasurement of serum IL‐6, CCL2, CRP, AST, and ALT before scheduled liver biopsy and evaluation of liver histopathology using the METAVIR scoring system used in human medicine, blinded to clinical presentation.ResultsMedian serum IL‐6 was approximately twice as high in dogs with high fibrosis scores (15.5 pg/mL; range, 1.4 to 235 pg/mL) compared to dogs with low fibrosis scores (7.6 pg/mL; range, 1.4 to 148.1 pg/mL), with marginal significance (P = .05). Median serum CCL2 was significantly higher in dogs with active necroinflammation (444 pg/mL; range, 144 to 896 pg/mL) compared to dogs without detectable necroinflammation (326 pg/mL; range, 59 to 1692 pg/mL; P = .008), but with considerable overlap between groups. Neither serum CRP nor AST:ALT ratios were significantly different based on fibrosis or necroinflammatory scores.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceBecause of substantial variability among dogs, single measurements of IL‐6 and CCL2 have limited diagnostic utility for identifying fibrosis or necroinflammation, respectively, in dogs with various chronic liver diseases. The value of these biomarkers should be explored further in monitoring response to treatment in individual dogs with chronic hepatopathies.
Inconsistencies in the note of Dávila‐Fernández, Oreiro and Punzo
Authors: Lavoie Marc 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis rejoinder is a rebuttal of the claims made by Dávila‐Fernández, Oreiro, and Punzo (in press) in their comment on Lavoie (). All three points that they make are mistaken: I did not pretend that the introduction of autonomous noncapacity expenditures would on its own allow the neo‐Kaleckian growth model to converge toward the normal rate of capacity utilization; the ‘Keynesian’ message is not eliminated when investment expenditures are essentially induced in a neo‐Kaleckian model; and the equations that they provide to endogenize the normal rate of capacity utilization are meaningless.
A novel Meloidogyne graminicola effector, MgMO237, interacts with multiple host defence‐related proteins to manipulate plant basal immunity and promote parasitism
Authors: Chen Jiansong , Hu Lili , Sun Longhua , Lin Borong , Huang Kun , Zhuo Kan , Liao Jinling 
Published: February 2018

SummaryPlant‐parasitic nematodes can secrete effector proteins into the host tissue to facilitate their parasitism. In this study, we report a novel effector protein, MgMO237, from Meloidogyne graminicola, which is exclusively expressed within the dorsal oesophageal gland cell and markedly up‐regulated in parasitic third‐/fourth‐stage juveniles of M. graminicola. Transient expression of MgMO237 in protoplasts from rice roots showed that MgMO237 was localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus of the host cells. Rice plants overexpressing MgMO237 showed an increased susceptibility to M. graminicola. In contrast, rice plants expressing RNA interference vectors targeting MgMO237 showed an increased resistance to M. graminicola. In addition, yeast two‐hybrid and co‐immunoprecipitation assays showed that MgMO237 interacted specifically with three rice endogenous proteins, i.e. 1,3‐β‐glucan synthase component (OsGSC), cysteine‐rich repeat secretory protein 55 (OsCRRSP55) and pathogenesis‐related BetvI family protein (OsBetvI), which are all related to host defences. Moreover, MgMO237 can suppress host defence responses, including the expression of host defence‐related genes, cell wall callose deposition and the burst of reactive oxygen species. These results demonstrate that the effector MgMO237 probably promotes the parasitism of M. graminicola by interacting with multiple host defence‐related proteins and suppressing plant basal immunity in the later parasitic stages of nematodes.
Anesthesia of thoracic surgery in children
Authors: Semmelmann Axel , Kaltofen Heike , Loop Torsten 
Published: February 2018

SummaryProviding anesthesia in children with thoracic disease is a challenging task. The effects of the underlying disease, the surgical interventions, and preexisting condition of the patient need to be considered when planning perioperative care. The perioperative care for children undergoing thoracic surgery requires specific techniques adapted to the pediatric physiology and anatomy. This review is focused on anesthetic strategies for thoracic surgery with an emphasis on perioperative analgesia including neuraxial techniques.
Driving performance of stable outpatients with depression undergoing real‐world treatment
Authors: Miyata Akemi , Iwamoto Kunihiro , Kawano Naoko , Aleksic Branko , Ando Masahiko , Ebe Kazutoshi , Fujita Kiyoshi , Yokoyama Motonori , Akiyama Tsuyoshi , Igarashi Yoshio , Ozaki Norio 
Published: February 2018

AimAlthough the effects of psychotropics on driving ability have received much attention, little research is available on driving performance of stable outpatients with depression undergoing real‐world treatment. This observational study investigated driving performance, cognitive functions, and depressive symptomatology of partly remitted outpatients with depression under daily‐practice psychopharmacologic treatment.MethodsSeventy stable outpatients with depression and 67 healthy volunteers were enrolled. Patients’ prescriptions were not controlled in order to capture the real‐world treatment environment. Participants underwent three driving tasks – road‐tracking, car‐following, and harsh‐braking – using a driving simulator, and three cognitive tasks – Continuous Performance Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and Trail‐Making Test. The Symptom Assessment Scale – Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Beck Depression Inventory‐II, Social Adaptation Self‐Evaluation Scale, and Stanford Sleepiness Scale were also completed.ResultsAlthough many patients received various pharmacologic treatments, there were no significant differences in the three driving tasks between outpatients with depression and healthy controls. Difficulty of maintaining set in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test was significantly increased in patients with depression. Results on the Social Adaptation Self‐Evaluation Scale were significantly associated with road‐tracking and car‐following performance, in contrast to results on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory‐II.ConclusionWe conclude that partly remitted depressive patients under steady‐state pharmacologic treatment do not differ from healthy controls with respect to driving performance, which seems to be more affected by psychosocial functioning than by pharmacologic agents. This, however, should be investigated systematically in an off/on study.
Looking Back over My 45 Years of Involvement with Government Reform Efforts
Authors: Kamensky John M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis Viewpoint presents a typology of options for future government reformers to help guide the design and implementation of a reform initiative, based on the author's experiences and observations over the past 45 years. Successful reformers need to be clear up front about what they are attempting to achieve and frame their efforts in ways that maximize the success and sustainability of the effort. In this article, the author offers a series of questions and answers to help future reformers choose among various design and implementation options and to help them chart their paths.
Reintroduction of rare arable plants: seed production, soil seed banks, and dispersal 3 years after sowing
Authors: Lang Marion , Prestele Julia , Wiesinger Klaus , Kollmann Johannes , Albrecht Harald 
Published: February 2018

Diversity of arable plants in Europe has markedly declined during the past decades and many species have become threatened. Low‐intensity farming can offer potential retreats for these species, while spontaneous dispersal between such fields is unlikely. Thus, reintroduction of endangered species is necessary to restore agrobiodiversity. To test the applicability under real farm conditions, we seeded a mixture of three winter annuals (Legousia speculum‐veneris, Consolida regalis, Lithospermum arvense) at 850 seeds/m2 on four organic farms near Munich, Germany, in autumn 2011. Seed production and soil seed banks were investigated on four plots within one field on each farm for 3 years. In addition, we evaluated seed dispersal caused by arable management along the main machining direction. In the first year, winter cereals were cultivated and the study species emerged at all sites with a seed production mostly exceeding the initial sowing rates. In the third year, species establishment varied depending on crop rotations. Seed production of L. speculum‐veneris was higher than in the two other species, and exceeded the number of originally sown seeds up to 20 times. While L. speculum‐veneris became very common in the seed bank, C. regalis was less abundant and L. arvense hardly developed a soil seed bank. Seeds of L. speculum‐veneris and L. arvense were found up to 15 m and seeds of C. regalis up to 13 m away from the sown plots. We suggest using seed production, seed bank, and dispersal as key indicators to evaluate establishment of reintroduced arable plants.
Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction due to a warm reactive anti‐A1
Authors: Helmich Floris , Baas Inge , Ligthart Peter , Bosch Milou , Jonkers Femke , de Haas Masja , van der Graaf Fedde 
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUNDAnti‐A1 are regularly observed by reverse testing and are generally considered clinically irrelevant. For compatibility testing and the selection of blood, we use the type‐and‐screen (T&S) strategy, in which ABO confirmation of patients with a definitive blood group is performed by forward grouping only. Because anti‐A1 seem clinically irrelevant, it is our policy to provide group A blood in patients with an anti‐A1.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThis is a case report of a 96‐year‐old woman who died shortly after transfusion of blood group A red blood cells (RBCs). She was known to have blood group A2 with an anti‐A1 and the absence of other RBC antibodies. Directly after starting transfusion, acute dyspnea was observed, while other clinical signs for a transfusion reaction were absent. In the laboratory, indications for a severe hemolytic transfusion reaction (HTR) triggered serologic investigations and complement deposition experiments.RESULTSAnalyses revealed that the anti‐A1 was present as a high‐titer IgM class immunoglobulin that induced complement deposition on A1 RBCs. The anti‐A1 reacted in a wide temperature amplitude up to 37°C with A1 RBCs, while weak agglutination was observed with A2 RBCs at room temperature.CONCLUSIONA pretransfusion detectable anti‐A1 caused a severe HTR that, in view of the rapid onset of clinical symptoms and concomitant deterioration, contributed to the death of the patient. Considering its clinical significance in this case, we encourage an unambiguous procedure for patients with an anti‐A1, especially when T&S is used for donor RBC selection.
In vitro assessment of the effect of acidemia on coagulation in dogs
Authors: Burton Andrew G. , Burges Julie , Borchers Angela , Hopper Kate 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectiveMinimal data are available assessing the effect of acidemia on coagulation in dogs. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of in vitro acidification of canine blood on coagulation as measured via thromboelastography (TEG) and traditional tests of coagulation. We hypothesized that worsening acidemia would lead to progressive impairment on coagulation.DesignProspective study.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsSix client‐owned dogs.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsBlood was collected into 3.2% sodium citrate vacutainer tubes. The pH of blood was adjusted from baseline using hydrochloric acid to create weak acidemia and strong acidemia. Coagulation was assessed using TEG, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time. Kruskal–Wallis tests with Dunn's post hoc comparison tests were used to compare groups.Strong acidemia samples were significantly more acidic than baseline based on pH (P < 0.0005), HCO3− (P < 0.0062), pCO2 (P < 0.0001), and base excess (P < 0.0001). Using TEG, in vitro acidification of blood caused significant, progressive impairment of maximum amplitude (P = 0.0282) and alpha angle (P = 0.0312). Acidification of blood had no significant effect on prothrombin time (P = 0.345) or activated partial thromboplastin time (P = 0.944).ConclusionsIn vitro acidification of canine whole blood results in hypocoagulability as measured by some TEG variables.
Characterization of the Complete Nucleotide Sequences of IMP-4-Encoding Plasmids, Belonging to Diverse Inc Families, Recovered from Enterobacteriaceae Isolates of Wildlife Origin
Authors: Dolejska Monika , Papagiannitsis Costas C. , Medvecky Matej , Davidova-Gerzova Lenka , Valcek Adam 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

The complete nucleotide sequences of six IMP-4-encoding plasmids recovered from
Enterobacteriaceae
isolates of wildlife origin were characterized. Sequencing data showed that plasmids of different incompatibility groups (IncM, IncI1, IncF, and nontypeable [including an IncX5_2 and two pPrY2001-like]) carried the
bla
IMP-4
-carrying integrons In809 or In1460. Most of the plasmids carried an
mph
(A) region, and
chrA
-like,
aac(3)-IId
, and
bla
TEM-1b
genes. Finally, plasmid analysis revealed the involvement of two different IS
26
- and Tn
1696
-associated mechanisms in the mobilization of IMP-4-encoding integrons.
Stress Suppressor Screening Leads to Detection of Regulation of Cyclic di-AMP Homeostasis by a Trk Family Effector Protein in Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Zarrella Tiffany M. , Metzger Dennis W. , Bai Guangchun 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP) is a newly discovered bacterial second messenger. However, regulation of c-di-AMP homeostasis is poorly understood. In
Streptococcus pneumoniae
, a sole diadenylate cyclase, CdaA, produces c-di-AMP and two phosphodiesterases, Pde1 and Pde2, cleave the signaling dinucleotide. To expand our knowledge of the pneumococcal c-di-AMP signaling network, we performed whole-genome sequencing of Δ
pde1
Δ
pde2
heat shock suppressors. In addition to their effects on surviving heat shock, these suppressor mutations restored general stress resistance and improved growth in rich medium. Mutations in CdaA or in the potassium transporter TrkH paired with an insertion leading to a frameshift at the C terminus of CdaA significantly reduced c-di-AMP levels. These observations indicate that the elevated c-di-AMP levels in the Δ
pde1
Δ
pde2
mutant enhance susceptibility of
S. pneumoniae
to the stress conditions. Interestingly, we have previously shown that TrkH complexes with a Trk family c-di-AMP-binding protein, CabP, to mediate potassium uptake. In this study, we found that deletion of
cabP
significantly reduced pneumococcal c-di-AMP levels. This is the first observation that a c-di-AMP effector protein modulates bacterial c-di-AMP homeostasis.

IMPORTANCE
Second messengers, including c-di-AMP, are prevalent among bacterial species. In
S. pneumoniae
, c-di-AMP phosphodiesterase-encoding gene null mutants are attenuated during mouse models of infection, but the role of c-di-AMP signaling in pneumococcal pathogenesis is enigmatic. In this work, we found that heat shock suppressor mutations converge on undermining c-di-AMP toxicity by changing intracellular c-di-AMP concentrations. These mutations improve the growth and restore the stress response generally in c-di-AMP phosphodiesterase-deficient pneumococci, thereby demonstrating the essentiality for tight regulation of c-di-AMP homeostasis in order to respond to stress. Likewise, this work demonstrates that a c-di-AMP effector protein, CabP, affects c-di-AMP homeostasis, which provides new perception into c-di-AMP regulation. This study has implications for c-di-AMP-producing bacteria since many species contain CabP homologs.