bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catheter-related right atrial thrombosis
Authors: Tran Minh-Ha , Wilcox Tanya , Tran Phu N 
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Catheter-related right atrial thrombosis is an under-recognized complication of central venous catheter placement. We performed a retrospective review, characterizing clinical aspects of catheter-related right atrial thrombosis (CRAT). Methods: To identify cases, a literature search was conducted in PubMed and additional items selected by review of related items and bibliography review. Key clinical data were extracted and analyzed both in total and as stratified by hemodialysis versus non-hemodialysis groups. Results: A total of 68 catheter-related right atrial thrombosis events were reported in 63 patients (five recurrences, of which 4 involved catheter left in place following primary treatment). Median (interquartile range) time to CRAT diagnosis was longer among hemodialysis patients – 12 (4.0–24.0) weeks compared to 5.5 (1.8–16.1) weeks among non-hemodialysis patients. The most common presentations were asymptomatic in 16/68 (23.5%), fever/sepsis in 21/68 (30.9%), pulmonary embolism in 11/68 (16.2%), catheter dysfunction in 8/68 (11.8%), dyspnea in 8/68 (11.8%), and new murmur or valvular dysfunction in 8/68 (11.8%) patients. Primary treatment selection was anticoagulation in 33/68 (48.5%), surgical thrombectomy in 17/68 (25.0%), thrombolysis in 12/68 (17.6%), or no active therapy in 6/68 (8.8%) patients. Primary treatment failure for anticoagulation and thrombolysis was 27.3% and 33.3%, respectively. The most common rescue therapy was surgical thrombectomy, ultimately resulting in an overall rate of 26/62 (41.9%). Overall, per-patient mortality was 13/63 (20.6%). Intracardiac tip position – 27/34 (79.4%) – overshadowed thrombophilia – 16/63 (25.4%) – as a risk factor for CRAT. Conclusion: Catheter-related right atrial thrombosis is an underdiagnosed complication of central venous catheter placement. For the hemodialysis population, a fistula-first approach is advocated. While many instances were asymptomatic, the development of unexplained fever, dyspnea, catheter dysfunction, or new murmur should trigger a search for this complication.
A survey on driving behavior analysis in usage based insurance using big data
Authors: Arumugam Subramanian , Bhargavi R. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The emergence and growth of connected technologies and the adaptation of big data are changing the face of all industries. In the insurance industry, Usage-Based Insurance (UBI) is the most popular use case of big data adaptation. Initially UBI is started as a simple unitary Pay-As-You-Drive (PAYD) model in which the classification of good and bad drivers is an unresolved task. PAYD is progressed towards Pay-How-You-Drive (PHYD) model in which the premium is charged for the personal auto insurance depending on the post-trip analysis. Providing proactive alerts to guide the driver during the trip is the drawback of the PHYD model. PHYD model is further progressed towards Manage-How-You-Drive (MHYD) model in which the proactive engagement in the form of alerts is provided to the drivers while they drive. The evolution of PAYD, PHYD and MHYD models serve as the building blocks of UBI and facilitates the insurance industry to bridge the gap between insurer and the customer with the introduction of MHYD model. Increasing number of insurers are starting to launch PHYD or MHYD models all over the world and widespread customer adaptation is seen to improve the driver safety by monitoring the driving behavior. Consequently, the data flow between an insurer and their customers is increasing exponentially, which makes the need for big data adaptation, a foundational brick in the technology landscape of insurers. The focus of this paper is to perform a detailed survey about the categories of MHYD. The survey results in the need to address the aggressive driving behavior and road rage incidents of the drivers during short-term and long-term driving. The exhaustive survey is also used to propose a solution that finds the risk posed by aggressive driving and road rage incidents by considering the behavioral and emotional factors of a driver. The outcome of this research would help the insurance industries to assess the driving risk more accurately and to propose a solution to calculate the personalized premium based on the driving behavior with most importance towards prevention of risk.
Adequacy of Preoperative Resuscitation in Laparoscopic Pyloromyotomy and Anesthetic Emergence
Authors: Gilbertson Laura E. , Fiedorek Christopher S. , Fiedorek Michael C. , Lam Humphrey , Austin Thomas M. 
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND:
Pyloromyotomy is one of the most common surgical procedures performed on otherwise healthy infants. Pyloric stenosis results in a hypochloremic, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis that is considered a medical emergency. This alkalotic state is believed to be associated with an increased incidence of apneic episodes. Because apnea tends to occur during anesthetic emergence, we sought to examine the association between the preoperative serum bicarbonate level and anesthetic emergence time after laparoscopic pyloromyotomy.

METHODS:
Data were collected from patients who underwent laparoscopic pyloromyotomies from April 2014 to October 2018. To estimate the correlation between preoperative bicarbonate level and emergence time while accounting for the positive skew of emergence time and potential confounding variables, a weighted quantile mixed regression was used. Due to a nonlinear association with emergence time, preoperative serum bicarbonate was split into 2 continuous intervals (<24 and ≥24 mEq/L) and the slope versus outcome was fit for each interval.

RESULTS:
A total of 529 patients who underwent laparoscopic pyloromyotomy were analyzed in this study. After controlling for confounders, the preoperative serum bicarbonate interval of ≥24 mEq/L was linearly associated with median emergence time (median increase of 0.81 minutes per 1 mEq/L increase of bicarbonate; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.42–1.20; P < .001). Only 3 patients (0.6%) had apneic episodes after pyloromyotomy despite all having preoperative serum bicarbonate levels <29 mEq/L.

CONCLUSIONS:
Preoperative serum bicarbonate was positively associated with median anesthetic emergence time in a linear manner for values ≥24 mEq/L, although this correlation may not appear to be clinically substantial per 1 mEq/L unit. However, when preoperative serum bicarbonate levels were dichotomized at a commonly used presurgical threshold, the difference in median emergence time between ≥30 and <30 mEq/L was an estimated 5.4 minutes (95% CI, 3.1–7.8 minutes; P < .001).
Electrochemical modification of platinum and glassy carbon surfaces with pyridine layers and their use as complexing agents for copper (II) ions
Authors: Haziri Veton , Berisha Avni , Podvorica Fetah I. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe electrochemical grafting of the “in-situ” prepared diazopyridinium salt have permitted the attachment of pyridine moieties onto platinum and glassy carbon surfaces. The modification of the electrode surfaces is observed by a redox probe. The ability of the film for the complexation of copper (II) ions is demonstrated by square wave voltammetry. After 45 min accumulation of copper (II) ions onto the grafted electrode surfaces, the electrode signal obtained by square wave voltammetry measurement served to discriminate the adsorbed heavy metal ions. Such measurements showed that the grafted pyridine has the ability to display complexing behavior toward some heavy metal ions. DFT calculations support a strong binding of the pyridine moieties onto the Pt surface. The most favorable complexation mode of copper (II) ions as suggested from DFT is the bidentate complex. This strategy is vital in constructing a wide range of different electrochemical sensors.
Antioxidant activity, carotenoids, chlorophylls and mineral composition from leaves of Pallenis spinosa: an Algerian medicinal plant
Authors: Amrani-Allalou Hanane , Boulekbache-Makhlouf Lila , Mapelli-Brahm Paula , Sait Sabrina , Tenore Gian Carlo , Benmeziane Akila , Kadri Nabil , Madani Khodir , Jesús Meléndez Martínez Antonio 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Plant and medicinal herbs are important sources of bioactive compounds and minerals that can play a role in preventing various diseases and they are considered a factor indispensable for the proper functioning of the human body.

Methods
We investigated the content of carotenoids and chlorophylls of leaves from Pallenis spinosa (P. spinosa), as well as their antioxidant activity and mineral composition then, we optimized the solvent extraction for the recovery of total carotenoids and chlorophylls using spectrophotometric method. Finally, we tested the antioxidant activity of the optimized extract by three assays (DPPH, ABTS and FRAP) and we determined the mineral composition by Emission Spectrometer Induced Couple Plasma (ICP).

Results
Carotenoid (CART), chlorophylls (CHLa + b), chlorophyll a (CHLA), chlorophyll b (CHLB) contents were about 36.337 ± 0.312; 347.769 ± 6.326; 224.286 ± 5.601; 123.483 ± 1.339 mg/100 g dw, respectively. We revealed an interesting antioxidant capacity by the tested extract (DPPH: 127.522 ± 1.406 mmol ET/Kgdw, ABTS: 104.827 ± 1.222 mmol ET/Kgdw and FRAP 71.89 ± 0.495 ± 0.994 mmol ET/Kgdw). Carotenoids and chlorophylls content correlate positively with the antioxidant activity of P. spinosa leaves extract (r=0.646–0.986). Eight minerals have been detected (Mg, Ca, P, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and Cr), Mg and Ca being the predominant ones (6479.32 ± 48.33 and 3851.88 ± 130.63 mg/Kg, respectively).

Conclusions
These results have shown that P. spinosa leaves are a good source of carotenoids and chlorophylls with a potent antioxidant potential with high amount of minerals.
Broad band infrared modulation using spintronic-plasmonic metasurfaces
Authors: Armelles Gaspar , Bergamini Luca , Zabala Nerea , González María Ujué , García Fernando , Alvaro Raquel , Aizpurua Javier , Cebollada Alfonso 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We present magnetic field induced modulation of the optical response of slit plasmonic metasurfaces fabricated out of giant magnetoresistance/spintronic materials in the 2–17 μm spectral range of the spectrum. The modulation of the slit plasmonic modes is due to the modification of the electrical resistivity (and, in turn, of the optical constants) induced by the application of an external magnetic field. This modulation is found to continuously increase both with the slit concentration and with the slit resonance wavelength, with a prospective further increase for wavelengths of up to 60–80 μm. The direct fabrication and implementation of the modulation setup opens a competitive route for the development of active plasmonic metasurfaces in a wide spectral range.
Comparative study of homotopy perturbation transformation with homotopy perturbation Elzaki transform method for solving nonlinear fractional PDE
Authors: Singh Prince , Sharma Dinkar 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe apply homotopy perturbation transformation method (combination of homotopy perturbation method and Laplace transformation) and homotopy perturbation Elzaki transformation method on nonlinear fractional partial differential equation (fpde) to obtain a series solution of the equation. In this case, the fractional derivative is described in Caputo sense. To avow the adequacy and authenticity of the technique, we have applied both the techniques to Fractional Fisher’s equation, time-fractional Fornberg-Whitham equation and time fractional Inviscid Burgers’ equation. Finally, we compare the results obtained from homotopy perturbation transformation technique with homotopy perturbation Elzaki transformation.
The Shrines of Gadir (Cadiz, Spain) as References for Navigation. GIS Visibility Analysis
Authors: López-Sánchez Natalia , Niveau-de-Villedary y Mariñas Ana Mª , Gómez-González Juan Ignacio 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This work analyses the influence of the visibility factor on the configuration of the archaic landscape of the Phoenician city of Gadir (Cadiz, Southern Spain) using the three shrines mentioned by classic sources as a reference. Theoretical or cumulative viewshed analyses are the methods used to investigate the visibility relationships each of the shrines has with the sea and the surrounding territory, as well as with each other. Based on these analyses a series of theoretical interpretations regarding the function of these shrines as references for navigation in Antiquity are established.
Separation of actinides from lanthanides associated with spent nuclear fuel reprocessing in China: current status and future perspectives
Authors: Lan Jian-hui , Jiang Shi-lin , Liu Ya-lan , Yin Xue-miao , Wang Ya-xing , Yin Tai-qi , Wang Shu-ao , Wang Cong-zhi , Shi Wei-qun , Chai Zhi-fang 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Developing necessary reprocessing techniques to meet the remarkable increase of spent nuclear fuels (SNFs) is crucial for the sustainable development of nuclear energy. This review summarizes recent research progresses related to the SNF reprocessing in China, with an emphasis on actinides separation over lanthanides through three different techniques, hydrometallurgical reprocessing, pyrometallurgical processes, and selective crystallization based separation. Some future perspectives with respect to advanced actinide separation are also given.
The Modified Korteweg-de Vries Hierarchy: Lax Pair Representation and Bi-Hamiltonian Structure
Authors: Choudhuri Amitava , Talukdar Benoy , Das Umapada 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We consider equations in the modified Korteweg-de Vries (mKdV) hierarchy and make use of the Miura transformation to construct expressions for their Lax pair. We derive a Lagrangian-based approach to study the bi-Hamiltonian structure of the mKdV equations. We also show that the complex modified KdV (cmKdV) equation follows from the action principle to have a Lagrangian representation. This representation not only provides a basis to write the cmKdV equation in the canonical form endowed with an appropriate Poisson structure but also help to construct a semianalytical solution of it. The solution obtained by us may serve as a useful guide for purely numerical routines which are currently being used to solve the cmKdV equation
Formation of the Capillary Ridge on the Free Surface Dynamics of Second-Grade Fluid Over an Inclined Locally Heated Plate
Authors: Patra Kiran Kumar , Panda Satyananda 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The formation of capillary ridges is the typical features of thin viscous or viscoelastic fluids over a locally heated plate. This ridge leads to the nonuniformity in the thin film coating. In this work, the formation of capillary ridges on the free surface of thin second-grade non-Newtonian fluid flowing over an inclined heated plate is discussed. The flow is modelled by two-dimensional laws of conservation of mass, momentum, and energy with corresponding boundary conditions at the plate and the free surface. An evolution equation for the description of the liquid thin film height is derived from the two-dimensional balance equations using the long-wave approximation. The resulting nonlinear dynamic equation is discretised implicitly on a uniform grid using the finite volume method. The obtained results on the capillary ridge in the free surface are discussed for the different flow parameters. It is noted that the capillary ridge height is higher for the second-grade viscoelastic fluid in comparison to the Newtonian one. This study can be a starting point to investigate the influence of second-grade viscoelastic parameter on the free surface instability and other phenomena of interest.
Gauge Fixing and the Semiclassical Interpretation of Quantum Cosmology
Authors: Chataignier Leonardo 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We make a critical review of the semiclassical interpretation of quantum cosmology and emphasise that it is not necessary to consider that a concept of time emerges only when the gravitational field is (semi)classical. We show that the usual results of the semiclassical interpretation and its generalisation known as the Born–Oppenheimer approach to quantum cosmology can be obtained by gauge fixing, both at the classical and quantum levels. By “gauge fixing,” we mean a particular choice of the time coordinate, which determines the arbitrary Lagrange multiplier that appears in Hamilton’s equations. In the quantum theory, we adopt a tentative definition of the (Klein–Gordon) inner product, which is positive definite for solutions of the quantum constraint equation found via an iterative procedure that corresponds to a weak coupling expansion in powers of the inverse Planck mass. We conclude that the wave function should be interpreted as a state vector for both gravitational and matter degrees of freedom, the dynamics of which is unitary with respect to the chosen inner product and time variable.
Will esports result in a higher prevalence of problematic gaming? A review of the global situation
Authors: Chung Thomas , Sum Simmy , Chan Monique , Lai Ely , Cheng Nanley 
Published: September 2019

Background and aims
Video gaming is highly prevalent in modern culture, particularly among young people, and a healthy hobby for the majority of users. However, in recent years, there has been increasing global recognition that excessive video gaming may lead to marked functional impairment and psychological distress for a significant minority of players. Esports is a variant of video gaming. It is a relatively new phenomenon but has attracted a considerable number of followers across the world and is a multimillion dollar industry. The aim of this briefing paper is to review the global situation on esports and related public health implications.

Methods
A non-systematic review was conducted. Information obtained from the Internet and PubMed was collated and presented as genres of games, varieties and magnitudes of impacts, popularity, fiscal impact in monetary terms, government involvement, and public health implications.

Results
There are several different kinds of esports but there was no clear categorization on the genre of games. Many tournaments have been organized by gaming companies across the world with huge prize pools, and some of these events have government support. Little information on the health effects associated with esports was identified.

Discussion and conclusions
A majority of the sources of information were from commercial settings, and failed to declare conflicts of interest, which may result in a biased picture of the current situation. When gaming activity is being further promoted under the umbrella of esports, it seems reasonable to expect an increase in problematic gaming and thus increased prevalence of gaming disorder and hazardous gaming. With increasing demand for treatment services for gaming addition/disorder in different countries across the world, it is a significant public health concern. More empirically based research on this topic is needed.
How learning misconceptions can improve outcomes and youth engagement with gambling education programs
Authors: Keen Brittany , Anjoul Fadi , Blaszczynski Alex 
Published: September 2019

Background and aimsGambling education programs typically focus on promoting gambling as a high-risk activity with harmful effects; however, these programs demonstrate limited effects on the prevention of gambling problems. This paper proposes a clear theoretical framework to inform the content and delivery of gambling education initiatives and draws on psychological and pedagogical research to address some of the practical issues associated with its implementation.MethodsLiterature was reviewed across fields of psychology, public health, and pedagogy to provide key recommendations to improve the outcomes of gambling education.ResultsFour key recommendations were made for the development of future gambling education programs centering on theoretical approach, specialized content, and delivery.Discussion and conclusionsRecommended advancements are as follows: (a) evidence suggests shifting away from messages about gambling harms and instead applying a cognitive-developmental framework of problem gambling that may improve youth engagement by increasing personal relevance. (b) The cognitive model of problem gambling suggests that misconceptions about the profitability of gambling games (e.g., the gambler’s fallacy) play an important role in the development of problems and should be a key target for education. However, exposing such misconceptions requires the challenge of teaching the mathematical principles that underpin them. (c) The pedagogical field provides valuable insights into teaching complex concepts. Research that applies the conceptual change model to science education suggests misconceptions also facilitate learning new complex information, such as gambling-related mathematical concepts (i.e., randomness and statistics). (d) In addition, improvements in computer-assisted teaching methods provide opportunities to use simulations and visualizations to help teach abstract concepts and correct such misconceptions.
Rainfall and river flow trends for the Western Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: Lakhraj-Govender Rakhee , Grab Stefan W. 
Published: September 2019

Climate change has the potential to alter the spatio-temporal distribution of rainfall, subsequently affecting the supply and demand of water resources. In a water-stressed country such as South Africa, this effect has significant consequences. To this end, we investigated annual and winter rainfall and river flow trends for the Western Cape Province over two periods: 1987–2017 and 1960–2017. Annual rainfall for the most recent 30-year period shows decreasing trends, with the largest magnitude of decrease at the SA Astronomical Observatory rainfall station (-54.38 mm/decade). With the exception of the significant decreasing winter rainfall trend at Langewens (-34.88 mm/decade), the trends vary between stations for the period 1960–2017. For the period 1987–2017, statistically significant decreasing winter trends were found at four of the seven stations, and range from -6.8 mm/decade at Cape Columbine to -34.88 mm/decade at Langewens. Similarly, the magnitudes of decreasing winter river flow at Bree@Ceres and Berg@Franschoek are greater for the more recent 30-year period than for 1960–2017. Correlation coefficients for Vilij@Voeliv rainfall and four river flow stations Berg@Franschoek, Bree@Ceres, Wit River@Drosterkloof and Little Berg@Nieuwkloof) are stronger for shorter periods (i.e. 1987–2017 and 2007–2017) than that for the longer period, 1960–2017. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change emphasises the importance of studies to assist with model prediction uncertainties. To this end, our study expands the understanding of regional hydrological responses to rainfall change in the water stressed region of the Western Cape Province.
Significance:

Historical trend analyses provide the basis for future rainfall and river flow projections and also improve our understanding of hydrological responses to rainfall change, which is important for water resource planning and management in light of recent rainfall shortages experienced in the Western Cape region.
Anthropogenic and natural influences on river systems must be taken into account when assessing the impact of rainfall changes on river flow because these factors ultimately affect water resource management.
We identified decreasing winter rainfall trends across the Western Cape Province for the most recent three decades.