bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Spectrum of Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions
Authors: Agrawal Ankita , Ghate Smita , Gupta Abhishek Kumar , Dhurat Rachita 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs) are common, comprising 10%–30% of all reported adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and its incidence in hospitalized patients is 2%–3%.

Aims:
The aim is to study the different clinical spectrum of CADRs in outpatient and inpatient and to find out the offending drug.

Settings and Design:
A prospective observational, nonrandomized hospital-based study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital over a period of 12 months.

Materials and Methods:
Patients presenting with suspected drug-related cutaneous lesions were included if drug identity could be ascertained. Clinical profiling was done. The severity of the reaction was assessed using modified Hartwig and Siegel ADR severity assessment scale.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Data were analyzed using Stata Version 13.

Results:
Out of the total study population, most commonly observed cutaneous ADRs were fixed drug reaction in 28.75%, followed by maculopapular drug rash in 26.3%, and urticarial rash in 20.6%. Few less frequently observed CADRs were a lichenoid eruption, acneiform eruption, and baboon syndrome, generalized pruritus, pityriasis rosea, and vasculitis. Antimicrobials accounted for 37.5% of the total followed by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 25%, anti-epileptics 12.5%, and antifungal 6.25%. Anti-retroviral therapy contributed 3.125%, whereas 1.875% were due to Anti-Koch's therapy. About 28.1% of patients were taking monotherapy, whereas 71.9% of patients were received polytherapy.

Conclusions:
Wide spectrums of drug reaction were observed in this study. Sound knowledge of these drug eruptions may help the clinician to diagnose and effectively manage their cases. Polypharmacy is a well-known predictor of ADRs in children and adults.
A Hospital-Based Observational Study on the Frequency of Different Skin Diseases and Patterns of Topical Steroid Misuse
Authors: Ahmed Ghazal , Mishra Dharmendra Kumar 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Over-the-counter (OTC), unlabeled steroids are widely available as cosmetics and have been a recent area of interest in research and clinical practice due to the side effects. However, less is known about OTC-labeled steroid misuse for various cutaneous diseases at a primary care or community level.

Objective:
The present study was aimed to assess the frequency of different skin diseases and patterns of topical steroid (TS) misuse in them.

Materials and Methods:
All new patients attending dermatology outpatient department (OPD) on 6 random OPD days in November 2016 for skin diseases were inquired about the use of any unsupervised steroid-containing medication on their skin lesions. The diagnosis and the prescription of the chief consultant/faculty for the disease were also screened in the context of steroid prescription. Data were presented in absolute number and percentage scale, and risk of misuse was analyzed using INSTAT software.

Results:
A total of 463 patients with a mean age of 27.01 ± 14.57 years (range 3 months to 92 years) were included. The majority (66.09%) were male. The most common disease was infectious in nature (933.19%) of which tinea infection was the most common (22.69%). A total of 119 (25.70%) patients had used unsupervised and OTC TSs; 4.20% presented with steroid dermatitis. Misuse was highest in photodermatitis and melasma (60 and 50%, respectively). TS misuse was more common in 15–40 years' age group and in diseases affecting face (relative risk 1.64 and 1.70, respectively; P < 0.01). Gender was not a risk factor.

Conclusion:
TS misuse is rampant (25.70%), and steroid dermatitis is a frequent complication. Patients aged 15–40 years and those with diseases affecting face are at risk of misusing it.
Uncertainty in regional estimates of capacity for carbon capture and storage
Authors: Wilkinson Mark , Polson Debbie 
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a potentially important
technology for the mitigation of industrial CO2 emissions. However, the
majority of the subsurface storage capacity is in saline aquifers, for which
there is relatively little information. Published estimates of the potential
storage capacity of such formations, based on limited data, often give no
indication of the uncertainty, despite there being substantial uncertainty
associated with the data used to calculate such estimates. Here, we test the
hypothesis that the uncertainty in such estimates is a significant
proportion of the estimated storage capacity, and should hence be evaluated
as a part of any assessment. Using only publicly available data, a group of
13 experts independently estimated the storage capacity of seven regional saline
aquifers. The experts produced a wide range of estimates for each aquifer
due to a combination of using different published values for some variables
and differences in their judgements of the aquifer properties such as area
and thickness. The range of storage estimates produced by the experts shows
that there is significant uncertainty in such estimates; in particular, the
experts' range does not capture the highest possible capacity estimates.
This means that by not accounting for uncertainty, such regional estimates
may underestimate the true storage capacity. The result is applicable to
single values of storage capacity of regional potential but not to detailed
studies of a single storage site.
De Urgenda-zaak en de mogelijkheden voor internationale rechtspraak door de Nederlandse rechter in algemeen-belangacties
Authors: Kuiper-Slendebroek B.A. 
Published: October 2019

De Urgenda-zaak en de mogelijkheden voor internationale rechtspraak door de Nederlandse rechter in algemeen-belangacties
Met de Urgenda-zaak is niet alleen de dialoog geopend over de betekenis van het internationale klimaatrecht, de mogelijkheden voor algemeen-belangacties op andere gebieden en de verhouding tussen de Nederlandse staatsmachten, maar komt ook de rol van de nationale rechter in het internationale recht aan bod. Via de route van het EVRM wijst de Nederlandse rechter de Staat op zijn internationale verplichtingen – waaronder die van de positieve bescherming van mensenrechten – en brengt hij de rechtsopvattingen van internationaal en nationaal recht op één lijn. Dit getuigt van een actieve rol van de rechter. Geplaatst in het licht van internationale ontwikkelingen en het Rookverbod-arrest biedt deze rol ook mogelijkheden voor algemeen-belangacties wanneer de normen uit internationale verdragen in het concrete geval rechtstreeks toegepast kunnen worden door de rechter.
Influência das variáveis meteorológicas na saúde: análise das internações por pneumonia em crianças
Authors: Xavier Juliana Meira de Vasconcelos , Souza Patricio Marques de , Silva Fabrício Daniel dos Santos , Olinda Ricardo Alves de , Querino Luana Andrade Lima 
Published: October 2019

Existe uma prevalência nos registros hospitalares por doenças respiratórias, em especial nas crianças. A pneumonia é uma das morbidades respiratórias com maiores registros de morbimortalidade no Brasil e no município em estudo. Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa analisar a influência das variáveis meteorológicas nas internações por pneumonia em crianças. A atual pesquisa se trata de um estudo epidemiológico, descritivo de corte transversal com abordagem quantitativa e descritiva. Para a análise estatística dos dados foi ajustado o modelo binomial negativo pertencente à classe dos modelos lineares generalizados, adotando-se um nível de significância de 5%, com base na plataforma estatística R. Estimou-se que o número médio de casos de pneumonia aumente aproximadamente 48 % a cada grau centígrado de aumento da temperatura média do ar e diminua aproximadamente 32% a cada grau centígrado de aumento da temperatura máxima do ar, diminuindo também em torno de 3% a cada 1% de aumento acima da média da umidade relativa, em relação a variável vento espera-se que o número de casos de pneumonia aumente em torno de 36% com o aumento na velocidade do vento. Avaliar o risco para a saúde da população em razão dos dados climáticos é um passo importante para o planejamento e a implementação de ações. Os gestores da saúde pública podem utilizar o modelo de previsão para preparar os serviços de saúde para receber crianças em períodos em que ocorrem maiores registros de casos de pneumonia.
Dos direcciones de un mismo camino: el hispanoamericanismo cultural de José María Chacón y Calvo.
Authors: Guillama Camba Ruxandra 
Published: October 2019

Este trabajo tiene el propósito de contribuir a renovar el enfoque ofrecido hasta el momento sobre el hispanoamericanismo en José María Chacón y Calvo desde la perspectiva cultural. Chacón resulta esencial para comprender los vínculos que tuvieron lugar entre España y Cuba en la primera mitad del siglo XX por cuanto fue una figura clave en los contactos que se establecieron entre ambos lados del Atlántico. Su doble condición de investigador y diplomático le permitió acceder a la elite intelectual española convirtiéndose en un interlocutor de excelencia para el fomento de las relaciones culturales entre ambas naciones. Asimismo, trataremos de comprobar el grado de influencia que tuvo su experiencia española cuando se desempeñó como gestor cultural en la Secretaría de Educación cubana.
With the purpose of renewing the approach offered up to now on Hispanic Americanism in José María Chacón y Calvo, the issue will be addressed, with an emphasis on the cultural topic. His figure is essential to understand the links that took place between Spain and Cuba in the first half of the twentieth century. Chacón was key in the contact spaces that were established between both sides of the Atlantic. His double status as researcher and diplomat allowed him to access the Spanish intellectual elite and be an interlocutor of excellence with the aim of promoting cultural relations between both nations. We will check that his work in Cuba was influenced by his experience as a cultural agent in Spain.
Awa ou la difficile équation du féminin africain
Authors: Thérenty Marie-Ève 
Published: October 2019

Cet article montre les tensions qui caractérisent le mensuel féminin africain Awa dirigé par Annette Mbaye d’Erneville (1964-1973), entre revue et magazine : celui-ci ne se caractérise pas seulement par la polyphonie caractéristique du dispositif médiatique, il se révèle contradictoire, voire agonistique. Étudiant les manières dont les fictions thématisent et allégorisent la femme et leur rapport à la modernité, l’article revient notamment sur la question du titre-personnage, jamais innocente dans un périodique, notamment à travers des comparaisons avec d’autres magazines féminins comme Marie Claire et Elle, discrètement mais régulièrement convoqués dans le magazine, ou Amina lancé en 1973 par Michel de Breteuil. La capacité transfictionnelle du magazine à s’incarner dans un personnage emblématique, Awa, régulièrement mobilisé et invoqué dans les pages du journal et en même temps la diversité des représentations ainsi figurées par les couvertures, les articles, le dessin, les photographies, les rubriques (« les cauris de Mam’Awa »), le courrier des lecteurs et même par les fictions montrent la difficulté de l’équation du féminin.
Reading « Hairstories » and « Hairitages » in Léonora Miano’s and Rokhaya
Diallo’s Works
Authors: Montlouis-Gabriel Johanna 
Published: October 2019

This article aims at analyzing a distinctive symbol of black women :
their hair. In the last decade, many Afro-feminists (in America, France, the
Caribbean and many other countries) have been reclaiming hair as part of their
heritage and embracing its natural « nappy » state (for « natural » and « happy »).
In my analysis of hair, I will compare and contrast how Léonora Miano in her novel
Blues pour Élise and her short story « Corpus Christi » and Rokhaya Diallo,
in her graphic novel Pari(s) d’amies !, seek to replace the self-loathing
and deprecating narratives that women of color are commonly told about their hair
and their physique. Instead, they reclaim these negative images of hair as well as
of other bodily features by self-love and self-fulfillment. While some characters
may still be struggling with this idea, I argue that the repossessing of one’s own
hair constitutes a performative act.
Léonora Miano et Virginie Despentes : lectures croisées des masculinités « désaxées »
Authors: Unter Ecker Marjolaine 
Published: October 2019

Cet article propose une étude comparée entre les derniers romans de Léonora Miano (Crépuscule du Tourment, deux tomes) et ceux de Virginie Despentes (Vernon Subutex, trois tomes), oeuvres qui se rejoignent dans le « dérangement » des normes, tant sociales que littéraires – notamment romanesques – qu’elles instaurent. La représentation de la masculinité dans ces oeuvres en est un exemple, d’autant plus qu’elle croise tour à tour la question de la classe et celle de la race. Il s’agira de montrer comment, en puisant dans les marges, tant esthétiques que culturelles, ces fictions proposent des alternatives à ces formes de conditions multiples et comment elles instituent finalement des espaces d’émancipation pour les personnages, leurs auteures et plus globalement pour les instances de réception.
Ethnobotanic Survey of Aids Opportunistic Infections in the Ziguinchor District, Sénégal
Authors: Diatta Kady , Diatta William , Dior Fall Alioune , Mbacké Dieng Serigne Ibra , Mbaye Amadou Ibrahima , Manga Idrissa 
Published: October 2019

HIV / AIDS infection is characterized by the reduction of the body's defenses favoring the occurrence "opportunistic" infections, as bronchitis, mycoses and tuberculosis etc. Thus, to fight against this virus, antiretrovirals are used.
The Ziguinchor district (Senegal) has a higher seroprevalence rate of 2.2% above the national average of 0.7%. It is in this sense that a survey of two herbalists, 35 tradipraticians and eight resource persons was conducted to identify the plants used in the management of opportunistic AIDS diseases because as the populations often resort to phytotherapy. 88 plants were identified and divided into 79 genera and 38 families. Some species were mentioned very more frequently and in many diseases. These are: Cordila pinnata Poir. (78%), Guiera senegalensis (73.1%), Khaya senegalensis (67%), Icacina oliviformis (55%), Terminalia macroptera (55%), Cassia sieberiana (47%), etc. Leaves and roots constituted the greatest use in the form of macerated, infused, for drinking, bathing, or fumigation, etc. The expected result during this study was the establishment of a repertory of medicinal plants used for the management of opportunistic diseases.
Angulating Social and Environmental Reporting to Firms’ Advantage: A Resource Based View Approach from Ethiopian Companies’ Perspective
Authors: Surur Sitina Akmel , Yimenu Kirubel Asegdew , Baje Kasu Birbirsa 
Published: October 2019

Aims: To evaluate the strategic role of social and environmental reporting in Ethiopian large tax payer companies based on the resource-based view of the firm.
Study Design: The study employed explanatory research design.
Place and Duration of Study: Large tax payer companies for the year 2018, Ethiopia.
Methodology: The study used annual audited financial reports of 262 companies and structured questionnaire which were distributed to three individuals per each sampled company. Interaction effect model was developed for which ordinary least square (OLS) regression with robust standard errors on a cross-sectional analysis were used to test the hypotheses.
Results: The regression result showed that social & environmental reporting and the interaction effect of social & environmental reporting with companies’ environmental sensitivity had significant positive impact on reputability of companies.
Conclusion: The study concluded that through social and environmental reporting, companies can develop valuable resource which in turn increase their reputability. Hence, environmental sensitive companies have more operational negative effect to society and environment, they are considered as dangerous by the society. Heretofore, these companies can strategically shift this perception to companies’ advantage through social and environmental reporting.
Originality/Value: In the availability of limited studies which explore social and environmental reporting practice within developing country perspective, this study shed some light about the Ethiopian companies reporting practice. Furthermore, the results of this study were an indication for companies’ managers to strategically use social and environmental reporting, which in turn increase their reputability and prevent them from being perceived as dangerous by the society.
Hydroethanolic Extract of Buchholzia coriacea Seeds Alleviates LPS Induced Liver Injury in Rat via Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Actions
Authors: Ore Ayokanmi , Ugbaja Regina Ngozi , Adeogun Abideen Idowu , Akinloye Oluseyi Adeboye 
Published: October 2019

Aim: This study evaluates the hepatoprotective effects of hydroethanolic extract of (defatted) Buchholzia coriacea seed (HEBCS) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammatory liver injury in the rat.
Method: Thirty male albino rats (120–130 g) were assigned into five groups (n=6/ group). Group I (Control) and II (LPS) received distilled water orally (p.o.) for seven days while animals in groups III, IV and V were administered HEBCS at 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) p.o. daily for 7 days. LPS was injected on the 7th day at a single dose of 4 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.) to the rats in group II, and groups III, IV and V. Six hours after LPS injection, blood was collected to prepare serum, and liver was removed for preparation of homogenate, histopathology and immunofluorescence staining. Biomarkers of liver function (ALT, AST and ALP) and oxidative stress (NO, SOD, CAT and MDA) were assessed. Pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) and inducible protein (C-reactive protein) were also assessed.
Results: Results showed significant amelioration of liver function markers and levels of pro-inflammatory proteins by HEBCS. Histopathological studies showed a reduction in inflammatory cells and improvement in liver structure in animals treated with HEBCS.
Conclusion: Data from the current study show that HEBCS possesses hepatoprotective effects against LPS induced inflammatory liver injury.
Enzyme Evolution
Authors: Sanchez‐Ruiz Jose M 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLife involves an enormous diversity of coupled chemical reactions, almost none of which would occur in a biologically relevant time scale without catalysis. Enzymes are life catalysts, capable of enhancing the rates of biochemical reactions by many orders of magnitude. Modern natural enzymes are the complex outcome of evolution operating over a vast expanse of time. Plausibly, the overall process started ∼4 billion years ago when polypeptides that possibly served as cofactors of ribozymes in the RNA world acquired the capability to catalyse simple reactions. Likely, primordial enzymes were generalists that could catalyse various reactions with moderate efficiency. Diversification, specialisation and optimisation occurred subsequently over evolutionary history, probably coupled to successive gene duplication events. Advances in protein engineering and laboratory evolution have allowed some of the main stages in this evolutionary narrative to be reproduced in the laboratory and have demonstrated the fundamental role of conformational diversity in enzyme evolution.Key ConceptsModern natural enzymes are the complex outcome of evolution operating over ∼4 billion years.Most modern natural enzymes evolved from previously existing enzymes.To avoid detrimental effects on organismal fitness, the emergence of new enzymes from old enzymes is likely coupled to gene duplication.Directed evolution experiments allow the transformation of an old enzyme into a new enzyme to be reproduced in the laboratory.The evolutionary transformation of an old enzyme into a new enzyme likely occurs trough multifunctional intermediates.Unless we accept panspermia as an explanation for the origin of life on Earth, we must admit that, at some very early stage of life evolution on this planet, primordial enzymes emergedde novoin noncatalytic scaffolds.Recent work has shown that single mutations can generate emerging enzyme functionalities in previously noncatalytic scaffolds.Proteins in solution are best envisioned as ensembles of different conformations.Experimental and computational studies support that conformational diversity underlies enzyme ‘evolvability’, that is, the capability to evolve towards new functionalities.Our current understanding of enzyme evolution is not detailed enough to provide a reliable basis for rational enzyme design.
Thermithiobacillus
Authors: Boden Rich , Hutt Lee P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTher.mi.thi.o.ba.cil'lus. L. fem. n.therma, a warm or hot bath; Gr. neut. n.theîon, sulfur, brimstone (transliterated to L. neut. n.thium); L. masc. n.bacillus, a short rod, a short wand; N.L. masc. n.Thermithiobacillus, sulfur rodlet from a warm bath, or warm sulfur rodlet.Proteobacteria / Acidithiobacillia / Acidithiobacillales / Thermithiobacillaceae / ThermithiobacillusCells are short, rapidly motile rods with a single polar flagellum, which can be 3–6 times longer than the cell. Gram‐stain‐negative. Endospores, exospores, and cysts are not produced. Obligate chemolithoautotrophs, using reduced inorganic sulfur species such as thiosulfate, polythionates, elementary sulfur (viz.α‐S8), and sometimes hydrogen sulfide, bisulfide, or d‐ or p‐block sulfide minerals such as galena (PbS). Heterotrophy, methylotrophy, and the so‐called C1autotrophy are not observed. Carbon assimilated from CO2via the transaldolase variant of the Calvin–Benson–Bassham cycle. Carboxysomes are used for CO2concentration. No vitamin auxotrophy. Obligately respiratory, with molecular oxygen as the only known terminal electron acceptor, though nitrate is reduced to nitrite under air. Usually isolated from environments with high Ca2+and/or Mg2+ions. Usually has a high tolerance to Mg2+ions. Most strains grow in the range of 20–52 °C, though some have a narrower range, and from pH 4.0–5.5 to pH 8.0–8.7. Most strains grow best without NaCl, but for one strain, the optimum is 350 mM (2% w/v). The major respiratory quinone is ubiquinone‐8 (UQ‐8). Dominant fatty acids in thiosulfate‐grown cells are usually palmitic acid (C16:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1), vaccenic acid (C18:1), and ω‐cyclohexylmargaric acid (C17:0cyclo). The dominant polar lipids in the same cells are cardiolipin, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and aminoglycolipids. The G + C fraction of genomic DNA is around 58.5–67.0 mol%. Form IAc (carboxysomal) and Form IC (cytoplasmic)d‐ribulose 1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase are used, as are formsaa3andcbb3cytochromecoxidase and thebd‐I ubiquinol oxidase.DNA G+C content (mol%): 58.5–67.0.Type species:Thermithiobacillus tepidarius(Wood and Kelly 1985) Kelly and Wood 2000, 515VP(Thiobacillus thioparusWood and Kelly 1985, 436).