bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adalimumab mitigates ovarian ischemia–reperfusion injury in rats by regulating oxidative stress, apoptosis and resolution of inflammation
Authors: Beyazit Fatma , Büyük Başak , Turkon Hakan , Elmas Sait , Uzun Metehan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimOvarian torsion is a rare but an important reason of acute lower abdominal pain in women and associated with serious morbidity and mortality, if not treated promptly. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of an antitumor necrosis factor‐α antibody on ovarian torsion in a rat model of ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury.MethodsForty female Wistar Albino rats were used in the present study. The rats were randomly divided into four groups: group I (sham), group II (I/R), group III (I/R + isotonic saline) and group IV (I/R + adalimumab). The I/R model was induced by torsion of both ovaries. Immunohistochemical staining for interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB), and inducible nitric oxide synthase was performed. Tissue and serum oxidative stress markers in conjunction with apoptotic index (AI) with the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling method were also calculated.ResultsTissue total oxidant status, oxidative stress index and nitric oxide values were significantly decreased, and tissue total antioxidant status was found to be increased in group IV. Inflammation, vascular congestion and hemorrhagia were significantly lower in adalimumab‐treated group. Serum oxidative stress markers and tissue malondialdehyde levels did not differ in study groups. The AI was significantly increased in groups 2 and 3. Adalimumab treatment significantly decreased the AI.ConclusionAdalimumab therapy in rats attenuated I/R induced ovarian injury, possibly suppressing inflammation, inhibiting oxidative stress, and altering apoptotic pathways.
A 52‐week multicenter randomized controlled study of the efficacy and safety of add‐on dutasteride and imidafenacin to tamsulosin in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia with remaining overactive bladder symptoms (DIrecT study)
Authors: Yamanishi Tomonori , Asakura Hirotaka , Seki Narihito , Tokunaga Shoji 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the long‐term efficacy of combination of tamsulosin 0.2 mg + dutasteride 0.5 mg + imidafenacin 0.2 mg (TDI) therapy compared with tamsulosin + dutasteride (TD) therapy for 52 weeks in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients with a prostate volume (PV) ≥30 mL and remaining overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms after having received tamsulosin for ≥8 weeks. Previously, we reported that the improvement in OAB symptoms at 24 weeks was significantly greater in the TDI than TD group.MethodsBPH patients with OAB symptoms after ≥8 weeks tamsulosin were randomly assigned to the TDI or TD group in a ratio of 1:1 ratio, and followed‐up for 52 weeks. Changes in the OAB Symptom Score (OABSS), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), and post‐void residual (PVR) were evaluated.ResultsIn all, 163 patients were randomized, and 125 patients (76.7%) completed 52 weeks of treatment. At Week 52, there were significant decreases in the OABSS and IPSS storage subscore compared with baseline in the TDI versus TD group, but the change in the total IPSS did not differ significantly between the two groups. There was no change in PVR from Week 24 to Week 52 in either group.ConclusionsFor BPH patients with PVR ≥30 mL and remaining storage symptoms despite tamsulosin monotherapy, TDI treatment showed better results in terms of improved OAB symptoms than TD treatment up to 52 weeks.
Use of best–worst scaling to estimate the magnitude of stressful life events in older adults
Authors: Zorigt Ganchimeg , Enkh‐Amgalan Nomin , Yu Tsung 
Published: October 2018

AimThe magnitude of stressful life events can be measured by using rating scales such as the Social Readjustment Rating Scale. This study aimed to estimate the magnitude of stressful life events by using a best–worst scaling approach in a sample of community‐dwelling older persons in Taiwan.MethodsParticipants aged 55 years or older were asked to rate the stressfulness of 11 life events on a scale from 0 to 10 and the best–worst scaling. We used the case one (object case) best–worst scaling design: each task on a list of events was presented to participants, and they were asked to indicate the events that they considered most and least stressful.ResultsA total of 61 persons (66% women) provided valid responses for analysis; the mean age was 64.8 ± 8.6 years. For best–worst scaling, ‘major illness of family member’ (mean best‐minus‐worst score = 128) was rated the most stressful, and ‘sexual difficulties’ was rated the least stressful (mean best‐minus‐worst score = −153). For the rating scale, ‘major personal illness’ was rated the most stressful (mean rating = 6.95), and ‘sexual difficulties’ was again the least stressful (mean rating = 2.05). Rankings of events based on both methods were similar but were different from ratings based on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale.ConclusionThe current study explored using BWS to estimate the magnitude of stressful life events. The magnitude of events estimated in our study was found to differ from the magnitude estimated previously by some common scales for assessing stressful life events.
Semiautonomous Vehicle Risk Analysis: A Telematics‐Based Anomaly Detection Approach
Authors: Ryan Cian , Murphy Finbarr , Mullins Martin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe transition to semiautonomous driving is set to considerably reduce road accident rates as human error is progressively removed from the driving task. Concurrently, autonomous capabilities will transform the transportation risk landscape and significantly disrupt the insurance industry. Semiautonomous vehicle (SAV) risks will begin to alternate between human error and technological susceptibilities. The evolving risk landscape will force a departure from traditional risk assessment approaches that rely on historical data to quantify insurable risks. This article investigates the risk structure of SAVs and employs a telematics‐based anomaly detection model to assess split risk profiles. An unsupervised multivariate Gaussian (MVG) based anomaly detection method is used to identify abnormal driving patterns based on accelerometer and GPS sensors of manually driven vehicles. Parameters are inferred for vehicles equipped with semiautonomous capabilities and the resulting split risk profile is determined. The MVG approach allows for the quantification of vehicle risks by the relative frequency and severity of observed anomalies and a location‐based risk analysis is performed for a more comprehensive assessment. This approach contributes to the challenge of quantifying SAV risks and the methods employed here can be applied to evolving data sources pertinent to SAVs. Utilizing the vast amounts of sensor‐generated data will enable insurers to proactively reassess the collective performances of both the artificial driving agent and human driver.
Minimal erythema dose, minimal persistent pigment dose which model for whitening products evaluation is better?
Authors: Li Xiangzi , Zheng Yue , Ye Congxiu , Theng Angelie Tengguna , Diana  , Yin Songchao , Lai Wei 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackground/AimsHow to select a suitable method in whitening products evaluation is still under discussion. Here, we compared two different artificial pigmentation models and explored an ideal UV dosage for skin whitening products evaluation model establishment.MethodsThirty five healthy volunteers with type IV human skin were recruited and the skin minimal erythema dose (MEDs) and minimal persistent pigment dose (MPPDs) were measured. All volunteers were simultaneously exposed to six increasing doses of radiations from different ultraviolet sources on lower back bilateral flattening area: 95% UVA/5% UVB with the radiating doses of 0.75, 0.94, 1.17, 1.46, 1.83, 2.29 MEDs was used on the left side; meanwhile 99% UVA/1% UVB with radiating doses of 6.0, 7.5, 9.4, 11.7, 14.6, 18.3 MPPDs were used on the right side. Observations and pigmentation measurements were carried out before and after UV radiation for 24 weeks.Result1.83 MED and 2.29 MED induced medium depth pigmentation by 95% UVA/5% UVB irradiation. 1.83 MED dose causing minimal photo‐damage on skin was selected as the most suitable dose. With 99% UVA/1% UVB irradiation, 9.4 MPPD and 11.7 MPPD induced medium depth pigmentation. 9.4 MPPD dose causing minimal photo‐damage on skin was selected.ConclusionThese findings potentiate advanced understanding of UV model establishment and selection for skin whitening products evaluation as related to dermatopharmacology and dermatotoxicology.
Mass Flow Performance for Large Aspect Ratio Supersonic Boundary Layer Bleed Holes
Authors: Papadopoulos George , Go Gary , Celentano Frank , Bakos Robert 
Published: October 2018

Accurate estimation of the bleed orifice flow coefficient, which relates bleed plenum pressure to mass flow removed, is important to predicting inlet performance, as well as, estimating bleed drag. Much of the flow coefficient data at conditions of interest to inlet designers is based on bleed plates with multiple rows of holes. The flow coefficient for these plates is typically presented as a function of bleed plenum pressure normalized by the freestream total pressure. Numerical simulations of the flowfield at the entrance of the bleed hole show that the flow is complex, especially for supersonic free stream flow, whereby an alternating expansion/compression wave pattern initiates at the porous bleed surface as the flow turns to enter the hole. This implies that a significant portion of the tangential flow total pressure is given up upon entering a 90° hole.
For large aspect ratio (length-to-diameter ratio) bleed holes the effect of the frictional pressure drop is to lower the required plenum pressure to achieve a given mass flow. Conversely, the mass flow will be reduced due to the higher pressure at the start of the duct. Empirical data show that the flow coefficient for supersonic boundary layer bleed holes stops increasing as the plenum pressure to total pressure ratio continues to decrease, indicating that the flow becomes choked. Thus the chocked flow condition helps to make the bleed hole mass flow under these conditions less sensitive or insensitive to the effects of friction caused by the extended hole length. The extent to which this happens is the focus of the current effort, with the paper reporting on experimental and numerical results on flow characteristics and mass flow performance of supersonic bleed holes featuring a range of aspect ratios beyond what has been reported in the past.
Experiments and Large Eddy Simulation of Swirling Flow in a Pipe
Authors: Tianxing Zhang , Kharoua Nabil , Khezzar Lyes , Alshehhi Mohamed , Bojanampati Shrinivas 
Published: October 2018

Swirling flows in pipes are encountered in several industrial applications for separation or mixing purposes. In this work turbulent swirling flow is generated using a new swirl generator in the form of thick-walled pipe with multi-radial holes which is lodged inside a larger cylindrical housing, called the Swirl Cage. The swirling flow exiting from the Swirl Cage feeds into a long pipe where the Reynolds number based on the pipe diameter and average velocity is equal to 40836.67. Large Eddy Simulation (LES) is used to calculate the swirling flow and explore its characteristics in conjunction with the Dynamic Kinetic Energy Subgrid-Scale model. Experiments were conducted using LDV and the results are used for validation purposes and for the discussion of the flow features.
The results are discussed in relation with the mean fluid velocity and its RMS component. Profiles of the mean tangential velocity reveal a Rankine vortex swirling flow type along the whole axial distance. The core flow was slightly oscillating exhibiting a processing vortex behavior reflected by the radial velocities at the centerline. The profiles of the turbulent kinetic energy were characterized by a peak at the centerline increasing in magnitude with the axial distance. The swirl number decayed from 1.5 right at the outlet of the swirl cage to unity close to the outlet of the pipe.
Development of an Advanced Wind Turbine Actuator Line Model
Authors: O’Dea Murphy Leo , Guessous Laila 
Published: October 2018

Large-scale wind turbine installations are sited using layouts based on site topology, real estate costs and restrictions, and turbine power output. Existing optimization programs have limited capabilities to site multiple turbines and are based on simple geometric turbine wake models, which typically overestimate individual turbine output. Alternatively, complete CFD modeling of entire wind turbine fields requires enormous computational resources, which has led to the development of blade modeling techniques which are combined with CFD field computations. The most promising method, using the actuator line model, typically uses an exponential function to spread blade forces over CFD grid points. In addition, little development work has been performed to determine the optimal grid point density and force spreading radius for these methods.
In this paper, we report on our ongoing efforts to develop an advanced actuator line formulation which uses an alternate geometric method for distributing blade forces to the CFD field. Domain and blade force application parameters are currently being developed to determine optimum run time conditions for the new actuator line model. The Actuator line method is implemented using the parallel CFD program, NEK5000. NEK5000 is an advanced Navier Stokes code which uses spectral methods for the spatial discretization, and has been proven to provide high-resolution results with significantly reduced compute resources. A Large Eddy Simulation turbulence model is used. In this paper, we report on our current work using large scale supercomputer resources at the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE) to perform computational experiments to validate our codes, and perform parametric studies to develop optimum run time parameters. Development and verification work is centered around domain size, grid spacing and clustering, and development of steady state conditions. The parametric studies are underway and are based on investigating various selection volume and force application point settings. Continuing work will compare the new actuator line method with a traditional exponential force distribution model.
Effects of an Underbody Device on the Characteristics of a Trailer Truck Wake Region
Authors: Ibrahim M. , Agelin-Chaab M. 
Published: October 2018

The aerodynamics of bluff bodies and flow separation are encountered in many industrial applications. Flow separation causes significant pressure fluctuations that can yield undesirable effects such as vibration, noise, and drag. It is well-known that at highway speeds, over 50% of the fuel is used by a road vehicle to overcome aerodynamic drag. Due to these reasons, bluff body aerodynamics has been the subject of intensive research interests for many decades. In this paper, a new concept of an underbody aerodynamic device is used to modify the turbulent wake region of a bluff body.
In particular, the underbody device was designed in order to allow for the recirculating flow to reattach and exit the underside of the bluff body while increasing the average speed of the flow and preventing side winds from disturbing the flow. This significantly reduces the underbody recirculation zone, which is a major source of drag. In addition, this ensures that the flow exits with minimum turbulence to reduce the size of the bluff body’s wake. The studies were conducted using the RANS based turbulence model, k-ω SST in ANSYS Fluent. A width-based Reynolds number of 1.1 × 106 was used to conduct the simulations in order to validate the baseline model with NASA’s wind tunnel data; which include the surface pressure coefficients and a drag coefficient. The paper focuses on the changes in the model’s wake that were introduced due to the device and their influence on the underside flow. The results showed that the device significantly reduced the recirculation at the underside of the bluff body. This was found to increase the coefficient of pressure at the base of the model, which reduced the size of the wake. These changes in the flow field resulted in an overall drag coefficient reduction of 4.1%.
Comparison of Experimental, Thermoelastohydrodynamic (TEHD) and Isothermal, Non-Deforming Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Results for Thrust Bearings
Authors: Deng Xin , Watson Cori , He Minhui , Wood Houston , Fittro Roger 
Published: October 2018

Bearings are machine elements that allow components to move with respect to each other. A thrust bearing is a particular type of rotary bearing permitting rotation between parts but designed to support a predominately axial load. Oil-lubricated bearings are widely used in high speed rotating machines such as those found in the aerospace and automotive industries. With the increase of velocity, the lubrication regime will go through boundary lubrication, mixed lubrication, and hydrodynamic lubrication (full film). In this paper, the analysis was in the hydrodynamic lubrication region.
THRUST is used to predict the steady-state operating characteristics of oil-lubricated thrust bearings. As a thermoelastohydrodynamic prediction tool, THRUST assumes a 3D turbulence model, 3D energy equation, and 2D Reynolds equation. Turbulence is included by obtaining average values of eddy momentum flux (Reynolds stress) and averaging the influence down to a 2D Reynolds equation. Convergence is achieved by iterating on the pad tilt angles and pivot film thickness until the integrated pressure matches the load applied to the pad. Despite the multiple experimental, CFD, and TEHD studies of thrust bearings that have been performed to date, no validation has yet been performed to confirm the accuracy of TEHD methods in modeling the performance of thrust bearings by both experimental and advanced computational means simultaneously. This study addresses this need by comparing TEHD and CFD simulation results of film thickness, temperature, power loss, and pressure in thrust bearings taken from the literature at multiple speeds and loads with results from experimental data.
Starting from the case of the lowest speed and load, it was verified that this case is indeed laminar and with negligible thermal and elastic effects. Four cases were run in THRUST, a TEHD solver, combining thermal and deformation in each rotational speed and load combination. Additionally, a CFD study was performed in ANSYS CFX with the assumptions of isothermal, non-deforming. The average viscosity from THRUST was used in CFD to follow the effects of the isoviscous assumption. Then, the experimental, TEHD and CFD results were compared at each case. Experimental, TEHD, and CFD results show acceptable agreement when turbulence is negligible.
Assessment of Cavitation Models in the Prediction of Cavitation in Nozzle Flow
Authors: Villafranco Dorien O. , Do Huy K. , Grace Sheryl M. , Ryan Emily M. , Holt R. Glynn 
Published: October 2018

Cavitation inside fuel injector nozzles has been linked not only to erosion of the solid surface, but also to improved spray atomization. To quantify the effects of the resulting occurrences, the prediction of cavitation through computational modeling is vital. Homogeneous mixture methods (HMM) make use of a variety of cavitation sub-models such as those developed by Kunz, Merkle, and Schnerr-Sauer, to describe the phase change from liquid to vapor and vice-versa in the fluid system. The aforementioned cavitation models all have several free-tuning parameters which have been shown to affect the resulting prediction for vapor volume fraction.
The goal of the current work is to provide an assessment of the Kunz and Schnerr-Sauer cavitation models. Validation data have been obtained via experiments which employ both acoustic techniques (passive cavitation detection, or PCD) and optical techniques (optical cavitation detection, or OCD). The experiments provide quantitative information on cavitation inception and qualitative information as to overall vapor fraction as a function of flow rate, and nozzle geometry. It is shown that inception is fairly well captured but the amount of vapor predicted is far too low. A sensitivity analysis on the tuning parameters in the cavitation models leads to some explainable trends, however, several parameter sweeps results in outlier predictions. Recommendations for their usability and suggestions for improvement are presented.
Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer Behavior for Turbulent Flows in a Tube With Vortex Generator Pairs for an Efficient Heat Exchanger
Authors: Islam Md. , Chong Z. , Bojanampati S. 
Published: October 2018

Various technologies have been developed to enhance flow mixing and heat transfer in order to develop an efficient compact heat exchanging devices. Vortex generators/turbulent promoters generate the vortices which reduce the boundary layer thickness and introduce the better mixing of the fluid to enhance the heat transfer. In this research experimental investigations have been carried out to study the effect of delta winglet vortex generator pairs on heat transfer and flow behavior.
To generate longitudinal vortex flow, two pairs of the delta winglet vortex generators (DWVG) with the length of 10mm and winglet-pitch to tube-diameter ratio (PR = 4.8) are mounted on the inner wall of a circular tube. The DWVG pairs with two different winglet-height to tube-diameter ratios (Blockage ratio, BR = 0.1 and 0.2), three attack angles (α = 10°, 20°, 30°) and three spacings between leading edges (S = 10, 15 and 20mm) are studied. The experiments were conducted with DWVGs pairs for the air flow range of Reynolds numbers 5000–25000. The influence of the DWVGs on heat transfer and pressure drop was investigated in terms of the Nusselt number and friction factor. The experimental results indicate that DWVG pair in a tube results in a considerable enhancement in Nusselt number (Nu) with some pressure penalty. It is found that DWVG increases Nu up to 85% over the smooth tube. It is also observed that Nusselt number increases with Re, blockage ratio and attack angle. Friction factor decreases with Re but increases with blockage ratio, spacing and attack angle. And 30° DWVG pair with S = 20mm, BR = 0.2 gets the highest friction factor. The Highest thermal performance enhancement (TPE) was noticed for α = 10°, S = 20mm, BR = 0.2 for turbulent flows. To obtain qualitative information on the flow behavior and vortex structures, flow was visualized by laser sheet using smoke as a tracer supplied at the entrance of the test section. The generation and development of longitudinal vortices influenced by DWVG pairs were clearly observed.