bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The importance of early phonics improvements for predicting later reading comprehension
Authors: Double Kit S. , McGrane Joshua A. , Stiff Jamie C. , Hopfenbeck Therese N. 
Published: July 2019

The role of phonics instruction in early reading development has been the subject of significant conjecture. Recently, England implemented a phonics screening check to assess the phonetic decoding of 6‐year‐old students, to ensure that all students master this foundational literacy skill and attain adequate phonemic awareness in the early years of primary schooling. Students who fail this check are obliged to retake the assessment the following year. In this article, we compare the performance of students who initially pass this check (pass) and students who fail the original assessment but pass the retaken assessment (fail–pass), with students who fail both the original and retaken assessments (fail–fail). Using data from the Key Stage 1 assessment of reading and the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS), we examined the reading comprehension performance of these students approximately 1 and 4 years after their first phonics screening. The results suggested that fail–pass students performed substantially better than fail–fail students, even after performance on the initial phonics check was controlled for. While fail–pass students do not appear to entirely catch up with pass students in reading comprehension, their relatively better performance underscores the importance of intervening for those students who are identified as having problems with phonetic decoding to increase their likelihood of success at reading comprehension in later schooling.
Simple methods for the estimation and sensitivity analysis of principal strata effects using marginal structural models: Application to a bone fracture prevention trial
Authors: Uemura Yukari , Taguri Masataka , Kawahara Takuya , Chiba Yasutaka 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn randomized clinical trials, it is often of interest to estimate the effect of treatment on quality of life (QOL), in addition to those on the event itself. When an event occurs in some patients prior to QOL score assessment, investigators may compare QOL scores between patient subgroups defined by the event after randomization. However, owing to postrandomization selection bias, this analysis can mislead investigators about treatment efficacy and result in paradoxical findings. The recent Japanese Osteoporosis Intervention Trial (JOINT‐02), which compared the benefits of a combination therapy for fracture prevention with those of a monotherapy, exemplifies the case in point; the average QOL score was higher in the combination therapy arm for the unfractured subgroup but was lower for the fractured subgroup. To address this issue, principal strata effects (PSEs), which are treatment effects estimated within subgroups of individuals stratified by potential intermediate variable, have been discussed in the literature. In this paper, we describe a simple procedure for estimating the PSEs using marginal structural models. This procedure utilizes SAS code for the estimation. In addition, we present a simple sensitivity analysis method for examining the resulting estimates. The analyses of JOINT‐02 data using these methods revealed that QOL scores were higher in the combination therapy arm than in the monotherapy arm for both subgroups.
Prediction model and web-based risk calculator for postoperative ileus after loop ileostomy closure
Authors: Garfinkle R , Filion K B , Bhatnagar S , Sigler G , Banks A , Letarte F , Liberman S , Brown C J , Boutros M 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Postoperative ileus (POI) is a significant complication after loop ileostomy closure given both its frequency and impact on the patient. The purpose of this study was to develop and externally validate a prediction model for POI after loop ileostomy closure.

Methods
The model was developed and validated according to the TRIPOD checklist for prediction model development and validation. The development cohort included consecutive patients who underwent loop ileostomy closure in two teaching hospitals in Montreal, Canada. Candidate variables considered for inclusion in the model were chosen a priori based on subject knowledge. The final prediction model, which modelled the 30-day cumulative incidence of POI using logistic regression, was selected using the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) criterion. Model calibration was assessed using the Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test. The model was then validated externally in an independent cohort of similar patients from the University of British Columbia.

Results
The development cohort included 531 patients, in whom the incidence of POI was 16·8 per cent. The final model included five variables: age, ASA fitness grade, underlying pathology/treatment, interval between ileostomy creation and closure, and duration of surgery for ileostomy closure (AUC 0·68, 95 per cent c.i. 0·61 to 0·74). The model demonstrated good calibration (P = 0·142). The validation cohort consisted of 216 patients, and the incidence of POI was 15·7 per cent. On external validation, the model maintained good discrimination (AUC 0·72, 0·63 to 0·81) and calibration (P = 0·538).

Conclusion
A prediction model was developed for POI after loop ileostomy closure and included five variables. The model maintained good performance on external validation.
Organization and management theories in environmental management systems research: A systematic literature review
Authors: Todaro Niccolò Maria , Daddi Tiberio , Testa Francesco , Iraldo Fabio 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEnvironmental management systems have attracted considerable attention from organizational and management scholars, owing to their widespread adoption in most industry sectors. Despite the extensive empirical literature, academic research on ISO 14001 and Environmental Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) remains characterized by a technical and pragmatic connotation and scarce theoretical contribution. As this research field approaches maturity, theoretical elaboration is crucial for assessing the current state of knowledge and identifying pathways for future research. The main objective of the paper is to scrutinize the academic literature on standard‐based environmental management, with a focus on identifying organizational and management theories that contributed to the development of the field in the last decades. By critically analyzing 55 papers, the study points out eight dominant theoretical frameworks, mostly pertaining to the field of strategic management. The paper provides an in‐depth analysis of the objectives and findings of each study in the light of its theory of reference in order to contribute insights on the current state of theoretical elaboration of standard‐based environmental management systems research.
‘I'm Here as a Social Worker’: A Qualitative Study of Immigration Status Issues and Safeguarding Children in Private Fostering Arrangements in the UK
Authors: Wells Karen 
Published: July 2019

Private fostering of non‐citizen children in the UK has become a focus of child protection social work since the Laming report into the death of Victoria Climbié. This paper reports on a qualitative study that aimed to understand children's experiences of private fostering and social work practice. The study involved interviews with social workers and privately fostered children, reviews of advice line calls to Children and Families Across Borders and a review of safeguarding reports from London boroughs. It found that many children who present as ‘privately fostered’ have been in effect abandoned by their parents and are living with strangers. While the homes that they live in may be safe, insecure immigration status renders children vulnerable and, if not regularised, will lead to complicated and stalled transitions to adulthood. The key findings of this study are that children whose parents are not resident in the UK are treated as privately fostered, but the underlying premise of private fostering legislation, which is that the parent retains meaningful responsibility for the child, is often not in place.‘Reports on a qualitative study that aimed to understand children's experiences of private fostering and social work practice’Key Practitioner Messages

Privately fostered children may have insecure immigration status.
Social workers should consider regularising immigration status for privately fostered children as part of safeguarding.
If a child's parents are not resident in the UK, social workers should consider whether the local authority has a duty to make arrangements for him/her to have a safe home.
Engineering Metal–Organic Framework Catalysts for C−C and C−X Coupling Reactions: Advances in Reticular Approaches from 2014–2018
Authors: Kousik Shravan , Velmathi Sivan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of crystalline porous materials that have been actively used for several industrial and synthetic applications. MOFs are spatially and geometrically extrapolated coordination polymers with intriguing properties such as tunable porosity and dimensionality. In terms of their catalytic efficiency, MOFs combine the easy recoverability of heterogeneous catalysts with the increased selectivity of biological catalysts. It is therefore not surprising that a lot of work on optimizing MOF catalysts for organic transformations has been carried out over the past decade. In this review, recent developments in MOF catalysis are summarized, with special attention being paid to C−C, C−N, and C−O coupling reactions. The influence of pore size, pore environment, and load on catalytic activity is described. Post‐synthetic stabilization techniques and host–guest interactions in caged MOF scaffolds are detailed. Mechanistic aspects pertaining to the use of MOFs in asymmetric heterogeneous catalysis are highlighted and categorized.
Ressourceneffiziente Nutzung von Wasser in Anlagen zur Serienlackierung von Automobilkarosserien
Authors: Fröhlich Georg , Halbartschlager Johann 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn PKW‐Serienlackieranlagen durchläuft jede Karosserie mehrere nasschemische Prozesseinheiten wie Reinigen, Konversionsbeschichten und Elektrotauchlackieren. Derartige Oberflächenbehandlungsprozesse müssen in Bezug auf Qualität, Kosteneinsparung und Umweltverträglichkeit immer höheren Ansprüchen genügen. Neben dem effizienten Umgang mit Energie kommt der Schonung von Wasserressourcen eine Schlüsselrolle zu, wofür sowohl die Integration bestehender als auch die Entwicklung neuer Technologien zur Prozessbadpflege wesentliche Kernelemente darstellen. In diesem Beitrag wird der Einsatz verschiedener Technologien nach dem Stand von Wissenschaft und Technik diskutiert.
In silico study of vessel and stent‐graft parameters on the potential success of endovascular aneurysm repair
Authors: Hemmler André , Lutz Brigitta , Reeps Christian , Gee Michael W. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe variety of stent‐graft (SG) design variables (eg, SG type and degree of SG oversizing) and the complexity of decision making whether a patient is suitable for endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) raise the need for the development of predictive tools to assist clinicians in the preinterventional planning phase. Recently, some in silico EVAR methods have been developed to predict the deployed SG configuration. However, only few studies investigated how to assess the in silico EVAR outcome with respect to EVAR complication likelihoods (eg, endoleaks and SG migration). Based on a large literature study, in this contribution, 20 mechanical and geometrical parameters (eg, SG drag force and SG fixation force) are defined to evaluate the quality of the in silico EVAR outcome. For a cohort of n = 146 realizations of parameterized vessel and SG geometries, the in silico EVAR results are studied with respect to these mechanical and geometrical parameters. All degrees of SG oversizing in the range between 5% and 40% are investigated continuously by a computationally efficient parameter continuation approach. The in silico investigations have shown that the mechanical and geometrical parameters are able to indicate candidates at high risk of postinterventional complications. Hence, this study provides the basis for the development of a simulation‐based metric to assess the potential success of EVAR based on engineering parameters.
Corporate social responsibility engagement and firm performance in Asia Pacific: The role of enterprise risk management
Authors: Naseem Tahira , Shahzad Faisal , Asim Ghazanfar Ali , Rehman Ijaz Ur , Nawaz Faisal 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe examine a channel through which corporate social responsibly affects firm performance. More specifically, we modeled the mediating role of enterprise risk management between corporate social responsibility and firm performance. We use the weighted average of environmental, social, and governance scores (as a proxy of corporate social responsibility) extracted from DataStream of Thomson Reuters‐ASSET4. Drawing on the stakeholder theory and using a large sample of 1021 Asia Pacific firms throughout 2006–2016, we show that corporate social responsibly is positively associated with firm performance. Our results suggest that corporate social responsibly is linked to enterprise risk management. However, the effect of corporate social responsibly on firm performance is both direct and indirect. We provide evidence that enterprise risk management partially mediates the relationship between corporate social responsibility and firm performance. We account for the issue of endogeneity and use alternative measures of firm performance for a robustness check. The findings offer important implications of socially responsible business processes through leveraging on the significance of enterprise risk management.
Evaluation of Deep Learning Strategies for Nucleus Segmentation in Fluorescence Images
Authors: Caicedo Juan C. , Roth Jonathan , Goodman Allen , Becker Tim , Karhohs Kyle W. , Broisin Matthieu , Molnar Csaba , McQuin Claire , Singh Shantanu , Theis Fabian J. , Carpenter Anne E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIdentifying nuclei is often a critical first step in analyzing microscopy images of cells and classical image processing algorithms are most commonly used for this task. Recent developments in deep learning can yield superior accuracy, but typical evaluation metrics for nucleus segmentation do not satisfactorily capture error modes that are relevant in cellular images. We present an evaluation framework to measure accuracy, types of errors, and computational efficiency; and use it to compare deep learning strategies and classical approaches. We publicly release a set of 23,165 manually annotated nuclei and source code to reproduce experiments and run the proposed evaluation methodology. Our evaluation framework shows that deep learning improves accuracy and can reduce the number of biologically relevant errors by half. © 2019 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Two‐Dimensional Light Scattering Anisotropy Cytometry for Label‐Free Classification of Ovarian Cancer Cells via Machine Learning
Authors: Su Xuantao , Yuan Tao , Wang Zhiwen , Song Kun , Li Rongrong , Yuan Cunzhong , Kong Beihua 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe develop a single‐mode fiber‐based cytometer for the obtaining of two‐dimensional (2D) light scattering patterns from static single cells. Anisotropy of the 2D light scattering patterns of single cells from ovarian cancer and normal cell lines is investigated by histograms of oriented gradients (HOG) method. By analyzing the HOG descriptors with support vector machine, an accuracy rate of 92.84% is achieved for the automatic classification of these two kinds of label‐free cells. The 2D light scattering anisotropy cytometry combined with machine learning may provide a label‐free, automatic method for screening of ovarian cancer cells, and other types of cells. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
An energy sensitive system framework for cloud robotic network
Authors: Guo Yu , Mi Zhenqiang , Yang Yang , Yan Jiangbao , Obaidat Mohammad 
Published: July 2019

SummaryCloud robotic network (CRN) is an extension of the traditional robots, and its important significance is to use the Internet and cloud computing to overcome the limitations of single robot and enhance its computing power. As the core technology of CRN, how to achieve the full potential of computation off‐loading is a critical issue. Starting from the basic models of CRN, this paper studies the network architecture and the computation off‐loading method to solve this problem. Firstly, a relatively detailed system model is designed based on the characteristics of CRN to provide theoretical and quantitative basis for subsequent research. Then, based on the theory of connected dominating set, a distributed CDS construction algorithm PCDS is proposed, which provides a virtual backbone with more power for the network. Finally, an energy sensitive computation off‐loading method is proposed to improve the lifetime of the whole network while ensuring the execution time and energy loss of computational tasks. Simulation results show that the proposed framework can effectively improve the performance of CRN and prolong the lifetime to a certain extent.
High‐reliability grid architecture supporting discretionary and efficient communication between ONUs in metro‐access optical network
Authors: Shao Qi , Zhao Yujing , Chen Yuanyuan , Gan Chaoqin 
Published: July 2019

SummaryDirect communication of optical network units (ONUs) is an important function in metro‐access optical network. In this paper, a grid architecture supporting discretionary and efficient communication between ONUs is proposed. The grid architecture is built by using two interconnecting fibers to connect every two ONUs; this can give protection to every ONU by four ONUs. Additionally, the network reliability can be improved greatly. Grid topology of ONUs leads to their discretionary direct communication. In this topology, direct communication signal can be transmitted from one ONU to another ONU directly, rather than being returned to remote node central office. Also, the efficiency of direct communication can be improved remarkably with the proposed architecture. Finally, the performance analyses and the simulation results verify the feasibility of the proposed architecture. When the n reaches to 10, the reliability of downstream and direct communication signals is all larger than 99.993%.
Model System Supported Impedance Simulation of Composite Electrodes
Authors: Opitz A. K. , Gerstl M. , Bram M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCurrent research on fuel electrodes of solid oxide cells (SOCs) is done either on model‐type pattern electrodes or by interpretation of impedance spectra measured on “real” porous paste electrodes. However, results obtained by both methods are not always straightforward to compare. To bridge this gap, in this study impedance spectra of 3D porous composite electrodes with a well‐defined geometry are simulated using elementary parameters from model‐type experiments. By independent variation of these elementary parameters, it is possible to analyze the influence of the individual elementary processes on the overall electrode performance without the issue of changing its microstructure, which usually occurs when changing materials in case of real porous electrodes. The obtained results identify the electrochemical reaction resistance as the parameter with the highest impact on the polarization resistance of porous electrodes. This study thus provides a basis for a knowledge‐based improvement of existing and novel composite fuel electrodes.In addition, the developed transmission line model is used for critically examining the common method of deconvolution of impedance data measured on real porous composite electrodes, which often relies on the assumption of elementary processes being represented by a serial connection of simple R||C elements.
Effect of heat treatment temperature on CO2 capture of nitrogen‐enriched porous carbon fibers
Authors: Wang Xue‐Fei , Xiong Long , Li Li , Zhong Jun‐Jun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPorous carbon fibers (PCFs) were prepared from porous polyacrylonitrile fibers by cross‐linking, oxidation, and carbonization. X‐ray diffraction patterns revealed that graphite structures as well as disordered carbon coexisted in the PCFs. Nitrogen content was more than 15.3 wt% with the variation of oxidation temperature, and a maximum value was obtained at 275°C. Nitrogen was quickly released with carbonization temperature. Compared with the fiber prepared at elevated carbonization temperatures, those owning high nitrogen contents deserved better carbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption performance in the simulated flue gas environment (10% CO2/90% N2). The CO2 adsorption had a better relationship with nitrogen content rather than specific surface area and pore volumes. Especially, nitrogen was very useful to enhance the CO2 adsorption of the fibers with low microporosity. The heat of CO2 adsorption was in the range of 39.8–54.6 kJ mol−1, which indicated good selectivity of CO2 adsorption. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low‐carbon economy transformation performance evaluation and spatial trends in China: a provincial aspect
Authors: Zhao Qiaozhi , Yan Qingyou , Tian Jinyu , Wang Haoran 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRegional heterogeneity during low‐carbon economy development among provinces in China should be considered with more concerns by central government. Spatial coordination can bring more opportunities for underdeveloped provinces. Under this background, provincial low‐carbon economy transformation performance is evaluated during 2000–2016 and spatial characters are analyzed to supply detailed development information. Based on parametric input–output evaluation model and linear programming method, provincial low‐carbon economy transformation performance is evaluated. Spatial analysis methods such as Moran index, Moran scatter diagram, and Markov chain are implemented to analyze their spatial characters and dynamic trends. Main results are as follows: First, linear programing supplies reliable parameter results to evaluate the transformation performance. Mean value rises during 2000−2011 and there is a slight downward trend during 2013−2016. Economy transformation performance is still at lower medium level for most provinces nowadays and there is a long way to go further. Second, according to Markov chain results, more than 90% provinces exist as state self‐locking and less than 10% may exist as state jumping. Third, spatial correlation exists among provinces and ‘lower−lower’ type dominates with respect to low‐carbon economy transformation performance. They are mainly underdeveloped provinces in northwestern China. Absorbing greener production technology is the best choice for them. Yangtze River Delta provinces such as Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang are of ‘higher–higher’ type. Regional cooperatives can exert lots of potentials and are beneficial to stimulate transformation performance. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.