bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increase anti‐poaching law‐enforcement or reduce demand for wildlife products? A framework to guide strategic conservation investments
Authors: Holden Matthew H. , Biggs Duan , Brink Henry , Bal Payal , Rhodes Jonathan , McDonald‐Madden Eve 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDonors, NGOs, and governments increasingly invest in campaigns to reduce consumer demand for wildlife products in an attempt to prevent the decline of overexploited and poached species. We provide a novel framework to aid these investment decisions based on a demand reduction campaign's return on investment compared to antipoaching law enforcement. A resulting decision rule shows that the relative effectiveness of demand reduction compared to increased enforcement depends entirely on social and economic uncertainties rather than ecological ones. Illustrative case studies on bushmeat and ivory reveal that campaigning to reduce demand may be more cost‐effective than antipoaching enforcement if demand reduction campaigns drive modest price reductions. The outputs from this framework can link targeted monitoring of wildlife product prices to management decisions that protect species threatened by harvest and trade.
Heart filling exceeds emptying during late ventricular systole in patients with systolic heart failure and healthy subjects – a cardiac MRI study
Authors: Carlsson Marcus , Ugander Martin , Kanski Mikael , Borgquist Rasmus , Ekelund Ulf , Arheden Håkan 
Published: December 2018

SummaryBackgroundTotal heart volume (THV) within the pericardium is not constant throughout the cardiac cycle and THV would intuitively be lowest at end systole. We have, however, observed a phase shift between ventricular outflow and atrial inflow which causes the minimum THV to occur before end systole. The aims were to explain the mechanism of the late‐systolic net inflow to the heart and determine whether this net inflow is affected by increased cardiac output or systolic heart failure.Methods and ResultsHealthy controls (n = 21) and patients with EF<35% (n = 14) underwent magnetic resonance imaging with flow measurements in vessels to and from the heart, and this was repeated in nine controls during 140 μgram kg−1 min−1 adenosine infusion. Minimum THV occurred 78 ± 6 ms before end of systolic ejection (8 ± 1% of the cardiac cycle) in controls. The late‐systolic net inflow was 12·3 ± 1·1 ml or 6·0 ± 0·5% of total stroke volume (TSV). Cardiac output increased 66 ± 8% during adenosine but late‐systolic net inflow to the heart did not change (P = 0·73). In patients with heart failure, late‐systolic net inflow of the heart′s left side was lower (3·4 ± 0·5%) compared to healthy subjects (5·3 ± 0·6%, P = 0·03).ConclusionsHeart size increases before end systole due to a late‐systolic net inflow which is unaffected by increased cardiac output. This may be explained by inertia of blood that flows into the atria generated by ventricular systole. The lower late‐systolic net inflow in patients with systolic heart failure may be a measure of decreased ventricular filling due to decreased systolic function, thus linking systolic to diastolic dysfunction.
Acute skeletal muscle responses to very low‐load resistance exercise with and without the application of blood flow restriction in the upper body
Authors: Buckner Samuel L. , Jessee Matthew B. , Dankel Scott J. , Mattocks Kevin T. , Mouser J. Grant , Bell Zachary W. , Abe Takashi , Loenneke Jeremy P. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryThe purpose was to examine the acute skeletal muscle response to high load exercise and low‐load exercise with and without different levels of applied pressure (BFR). A total of 22 participants completed the following four conditions: elbow flexion exercise to failure using a traditional high load [70% 1RM, (7000)], low load [15% 1RM,(1500)], low load with moderate BFR [15%1RM+40%BFR(1540)] or low load with greater BFR [15% 1RM+80%BFR(1580)]. Torque and muscle thickness were measured prior to, immediately post, and 15 min postexercise. Muscle electromyography (EMG) amplitude was measured throughout. Immediately following exercise, the 7000 condition had lower muscle thickness [4·2(1·0)cm] compared to the 1500 [4·4 (1·1)cm], 1540 [4·4(1·1)cm] and 1580 [4·5(1·0)cm] conditions. This continued 15 min post. Immediately following exercise, torque was lower in the 1500 [31·8 (20) Nm], 1540 [28·3(16·9) Nm, P<0·001] and 1580 [29·5 (17) Nm] conditions compared to the 7000 condition [40 (19) Nm]. Fifteen minutes post, 1500 and 1540 conditions demonstrated lower torque compared to the 7000 condition. For the last three repetitions percentage EMG was greater in the 7000 compared to the 1580 condition. Very low‐load exercise (with or without BFR) appears to result in greater acute muscle swelling and greater muscular fatigue compared to high load exercise.
Specialist health care services use in a European cohort of infants born very preterm
Authors: Seppänen Anna‐Veera , Bodeau‐Livinec Florence , Boyle Elaine M , Edstedt‐Bonamy Anna‐Karin , Cuttini Marina , Toome Liis , Maier Rolf F , Cloet Eva , Koopman‐Esseboom Corine , Pedersen Pernille , Gadzinowski Janusz , Barros Henrique , Zeitlin Jennifer ,   Effective Perinatal Intensive Care in Europe (EPICE) research group
Published: December 2018

AimChildren born very preterm require additional specialist care because of the health and developmental risks associated with preterm birth, but information on their health service use is sparse. We sought to describe the use of specialist services by children born very preterm in Europe.MethodWe analysed data from the multi‐regional, population‐based Effective Perinatal Intensive Care in Europe (EPICE) cohort of births before 32 weeks’ gestation in 11 European countries. Perinatal data were abstracted from medical records and parents completed a questionnaire at 2 years corrected age (4322 children; 2026 females, 2296 males; median gestational age 29wks, interquartile range [IQR] 27–31wks; median birthweight 1230g, IQR 970–1511g). We compared parent‐reported use of specialist services by country, perinatal risk (based on gestational age, small for gestational age, and neonatal morbidities), maternal education, and birthplace.ResultsSeventy‐six per cent of the children had consulted at least one specialist, ranging across countries from 53.7% to 100%. Ophthalmologists (53.4%) and physiotherapists (48.0%) were most frequently consulted, but individual specialists varied greatly by country. Perinatal risk was associated with specialist use, but the gradient differed across countries. Children with more educated mothers had higher proportions of specialist use in three countries.InterpretationLarge variations in the use of specialist services across Europe were not explained by perinatal risk and raise questions about the strengths and limits of existing models of care.What this paper adds

Use of specialist services by children born very preterm varied across Europe.

This variation was observed for types and number of specialists consulted.

Perinatal risk was associated with specialist care, but did not explain country‐level differences.

In some countries, mothers’ educational level affected use of specialist services.
A conceptual framework to study soil aggregate dynamics
Authors: Márquez Carmen O. , García Víctor J. , Schultz Richard C. , Isenhart Tom M. 
Published: December 2018

The objective of this study was to develop a conceptual framework to study soil aggregate dynamics through the integration of aggregation, disruption, stabilization and destabilization processes of soil constituent units. We used aggregate‐size distribution and water stability of macroaggregates to evaluate changes in soil aggregates in two ecosystems where one is the ‘reference’ state and the other is the ‘new’ state. The framework was validated with data from (a) a non‐buffered annual row crop (ARC) system, (b) a no‐till (NT) system and (c) a bare fallow (BF) system. The dynamics of soil aggregates in the ARC were dominated by the disruption of aggregates (the aggregation–disruption index (ADI) was −0.08), in NT they were dominated by the aggregation process (ADI = 0.03) and in BF dominated by the disruption of aggregates (ADI = −0.20). Three pathways were observed: (a) expression of the aggregation process, which is essential in reestablishing soil structure and functionality, (b) expression of the disruption process, which is critical in the destruction of soil structure and (c) prevalence of mixed behaviour, where the dominant process depended on the relative rate of aggregation and disruption. The proposed framework and study of the carbon associated with aggregates could pave the way for the development of a methodology for the quantitative study of soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics, carbon inputs (outputs), soil carbon fractions, and edaphic and biotic conditions that regulate SOC dynamics.Highlights
Soil aggregate dynamics were assessed within multiple management systems.
A new methodology is proposed for the quantitative study of soil aggregate dynamics.
Provided an understanding of aggregation, disruption, stabilization and destabilization in aggregate dynamics.
Aggregate dynamic pathways of value in land management can minimize deterioration of the environment.
Artificial dispersal of the lichen Crocodia aurata (Lobariaceae) using asexual propagules and gel‐filled gauze packets
Authors: Leddy Nadine , Blanchon Dan J. , Wiapo Charmaine , Eruera Tamia , Cameron Kristie E. , Kahui‐McConnell Richelle 
Published: December 2018

SummaryLichens are an essential component of ecosystem processes. Many lichen species are habitat specialists that rely on specific tree substrates and moisture regimes of old‐growth forests and are not found in early‐successional forests, small isolated forest fragments or restoration projects, making them useful bioindicators of forest health. Pressures from habitat loss and fragmentation have affected the viability and survival of lichen species that are often limited by low dispersal ability. As a rule, lichens are rarely included in ecological restoration programmes despite translocation methods being available. We trialled a combination of two of the more successful methods (gauze packets and use of adhesive gels). Three different gelling agents were used in attempt to immobilize living soredia of the lichen Crocodia aurata on trunks of Ti Kouka/Cabbage Tree (Cordyline australis) for long enough for them to develop into thallus lobes. The effectiveness of these methods was tracked over a 2‐year period. Our results show that all three gel treatments were effective at immobilizing soredia in the gauze packets. Lobe formation occurred in all three gel treatments after 36 weeks, with methyl cellulose the most successful with six packets producing lobes, five Ac‐Di‐Sol® and two agarose packets also producing lobes, out of a possible total 100 gauze packets. Lobe formation was slightly more successful on the south sides of trees (seven of thirteen packets), despite initial survival and vitality of soredia being higher on the north sides of the trees.
Message in a bottle: Inadvertent loss of seeds of native grassland species as a result of rudimentary long‐term storage
Authors: Morgan John W. , Salmon Karina L. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryMany practitioners are likely to have collected seeds with the intention of using that seed for conservation and/or restoration plantings, but have not got around to using the seed, sometimes for many years. Currently, it is not clear what species have short‐lived or long‐lived seed when stored under rudimentary conditions such as in paper bags or in a refrigerator. We report the germinability of 12 temperate native grassland species, comprising 16 populations, whose seeds were collected with the purpose of raising seedlings to plant into the wild, but whose seeds were subsequently stored at ~2–4°C for 25+ years. We conclude that most of the grassland species that we assessed do not have viable seed after 25 years when stored in such conditions; only two species germinated despite evidence that seed germinates well for most species when first collected. Inadvertent loss of seeds of as a result of long‐term storage is most likely in readily germinable species (e.g. members of the Asteraceae). The ways in which seeds are stored by practitioners deserves consideration given the risk of seed mortality with long‐term storage under rudimentary conditions.
Numerical simulation of supershear ruptures in rock mass based on general particle dynamics
Authors: Zhou Xiaoping , Xie Yuanxin , Bi Jing , Berto Filippo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this paper, general particle dynamics code is developed to simulate initiation and growth of earthquake ruptures in rocks subjected to spontaneous dynamic unloading as well as the elastic stress distributions. The Mohr‐Coulomb criterion is applied to determine initiation and propagation of dynamic cracks. The effects of factors on the threshold of earthquake rupture from the slow, sub‐Rayleigh to supershear mode are investigated. The thresholds of the slow, sub‐Rayleigh and supershear mode are determined as well as the rupture velocity on the fault trace. It is found from the numerical results that the supershear rupture occurs when the ratio of shear stress to the normal stress acting on the surface of fault is larger than the critical threshold value; the supershear rupture also appears when friction coefficient, the stress drop ratio, confining pressure, and residual strength are less than the critical threshold value. The near‐field signatures in the both of ground velocity and stress records are determined. Moreover, both velocity wave and stress wave in the near field of supershear Mach fronts in the plane are analysed using general particle dynamics code.
Water‐related dermatoses
Authors: Hamie Lamiaa , Abou‐Rahal Jihane 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWater‐related dermatoses are a spectrum of diseases that are associated with water exposure. They result either from the direct influence of water or after injury from water inhabitants. In this review, clinical entities that manifest after water exposure (aquagenic pruritus, aquagenic urticaria, and aquagenic wrinkling of the palms) will be discussed with particular focus on the reported pathogenesis. Aquatic organisms and activities can be linked to cutaneous injuries that require identification and distinct management. Marine and freshwater dermatoses were summarized to provide physicians with easy access to the causative organism, method of injury, and appropriate management.
Annexin A1 expression is correlated with malignant potential of renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Yamanoi Mariko , Yamanoi Kazuhiro , Fujii Chifumi , Fukuda Michiko N , Nakayama Jun 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesTo evaluate the expression of annexin A1 protein in patients with renal cell carcinoma.MethodsAnnexin A1 expression was examined in renal cell carcinoma specimens from 27 patients, and their disease‐free survival was analyzed using the log–rank test. Annexin A1 knockdown in the human renal cell carcinoma cell line Caki‐1 was carried out, and its proliferation, invasion, motility and adhesion were compared with those of control cells.ResultsIn 13 out of 27 patients, annexin A1 was highly expressed in the membrane of renal cell carcinoma tumor cells, whereas in the rest of the patients, annexin A1 expression was weak or negligible in the membrane of those cells. Patients with high annexin A1 expression had significantly poorer disease‐free survival than those with weak or negligible annexin A1 expression (P = 0.031). In the renal cell carcinoma cell line, annexin A1 knockdown cells showed significantly decreased proliferation, invasion, motility and adhesion relative to control cells, and expressed lower relative levels of membrane‐type 1 matrix metalloproteinase and hypoxia‐inducible factor 1‐alpha transcripts, showing a potential pathway regulated by annexin A1.ConclusionAnnexin A1 is associated with renal cell carcinoma malignant potential and could serve as a marker of poor prognosis.
Measuring the social impact of nursing research: An insight into altmetrics
Authors: Dardas Latefa Ali , Woodward Amanda , Scott Jewel , Xu Hanzhang , Sawair Faleh A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimsThe objectives of this study were to (a) identifynursing journalarticles that provoked the most online activity and discussion and (b) assess the association between these articles’ altmetric scores and publication characteristics, citation counts; and publishing journals metrics.BackgroundAltmetrics, or alternative metrics, have recently emerged as a complementary way of measuring the societal impact of research by assessing the public engagement with research output. To date, no studies have yet investigated the online attention about scientific papers published in the nursing field.DesignIntegration of quantitative and qualitative synthesized evidence.Data sources and review methodsInCites Journal Citation Report was used to identify a list of nursing journals indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection. Altmetric Explorer was selected as an altmetrics harvesting tool. The search in Altmetric Explorer yielded 66,608 research outputs from 118 nursing journals. The articles with the top 100 altmetric attention score (AAS) were identified and a new search, limited to only those 100 articles, was run to produce aggregate metrics specific to those articles. The articles were also exported for thematic analysis.ResultsThe medianAASfor the 100 articles was 248, ranging from 138 – 649. The articles were mostly discussed on Twitter, followed by news outlets and Mendeley. Articles indexed in the nursing journals category attracted low online attention compared with articles published in other health journal categories. Twitter remained the dominant source of attention over the years 2012–2018, followed distantly by news outlets. Most online attention came from theUSAand theUK. Of the top 100 articles included in the study, theJournal of Advanced Nursingpublished the highest number of articles (N = 26; MedianAAS = 179). TheAASwas not significantly different between articles published in Q1 journals and those published in Q2 and Q3 journals. There was a significant relationship between articles’AASs and their citation counts on Scopus and Web of Science. Publication date was significantly related to citation counts on Scopus and Web of Science but not withAASs.ConclusionAltmetrics will likely continue to evolve alongside the rapidly expanding use of social media and online platforms. As nursing continues to strive to have our research and scholarship inform policy, translated into practice and recognized for its scientific merit, we have to remain vigilant about the best ways to disseminate the important work we are doing. Research, such as this study, will allow nursing scholars to benchmark our progress as we adapt to the changing environment for measuring impact and quality in the digital age.
The coastal North Pacific: Origins and history of a dominant marine biota
Authors: Vermeij Geerat J. , Banker Roxanne , Capece Lena R. , Hernandez Emilia Sakai , Salley Sydney O. , Padilla Vriesman Veronica , Wortham Barbara E. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimsSome biogeographical regions act primarily as donors of colonists to other regions, while others act predominantly as recipient areas. How some biotas become dominant while others do not is a largely historical question that has received surprisingly little attention from biogeographers. Here, we seek to answer this question for the cold‐water North Pacific biota, which did not exist forty million years ago but which is now the principal donor biota outside the tropics.LocationWe focus on the cool‐temperate coastal North Pacific Ocean over the last 36.5 million years.TaxonWe consider all multicellular taxa for which adequate fossil, phylogenetic and biogeographical data exist.MethodsAfter placing North Pacific geographical events in the broader context of ocean gateways opening and closing elsewhere in the world, we discuss the history and factors affecting the planktonic and benthic productivity in the North Pacific based on a review and critical evaluation of the literature. A synthesis of primary sources was used to evaluate the origins and fates of North Pacific lineages, with special emphasis on movements to, within and from the North Pacific during the Cenozoic era.ResultsDuring the Late Eocene to earliest Miocene, the cooling North Pacific received colonists from adjacent warm‐water regions and the cold Southern Hemisphere, where temperate conditions had existed since at least the Cretaceous. From the Miocene onward, the North Pacific biota began to spread to the Southern Hemisphere and through Bering Strait to the Arctic and North Atlantic Oceans. Within the North Pacific, lineages during the early cooling phases spread predominantly from west to east, but in the Early Middle Miocene this pattern reversed, with later expansions going in both directions. An increase in productivity, powered by the evolution of highly productive seaweeds and by consumers with high metabolic rates, accompanied the transformation of the North Pacific from a recipient to donor biota.Main conclusionsThe North Pacific replaced the Southern Hemisphere temperate biota as the principal donor biota during the Miocene through a combination of increasing productivity, low magnitudes of extinction and intense competition and predation in an ocean basin with a long coastline.
Traffic accidents, maxillofacial injuries and risk factors: A systematic review of observational studies
Authors: da Nóbrega Lorena Marques , de Macedo Bernardino Ítalo , Leal Paula Miliana , de Castro Martins Carolina , Granville‐Garcia Ana Flávia , d'Avila Sérgio 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimThis study aimed to evaluate the scientific evidence regarding the risk factors for maxillofacial injuries among victims of traffic accidents.MethodA systematic review of articles published until February 2017 was carried out in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library. Studies were selected by two independent reviewers (ϰ = 0.841). The risk of bias in the selected studies was assessed using an adapted version of the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale for observational studies.ResultsA total of 2703 records were found, of which only three articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were analyzed, including 422 244 patients. The male/female ratio ranged from 3.4: 1 to 6: 1. All eligible studies performed the multivariate statistical analysis. Eleven risk factors for maxillofacial traumas were identified: victim's gender (P < 0.05), age group (P < 0.05), residence region (P < 0.05), impact characteristics (P < 0.05), increased net change in velocity due to collision (P < 0.05), increase in occupant's height (P < 0.05), nonuse of protective equipment (P < 0.05), type of accident (P < 0.05), time of occurrence (P < 0.05), lesion severity (P < 0.05), and occurrence of concomitant lesions (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe results suggest that sociodemographic characteristics, as well as those related to the collision patterns and circumstances of traffic accidents, may influence the occurrence of maxillofacial injuries. However, the results should be interpreted with caution due to the high heterogeneity among studies.