bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytomegalovirus viremia in lung transplantation during and after prophylaxis
Authors: Chang Andrew , Musk Michael , Lavender Melanie , Wrobel Jeremy , Yaw Meow‐Chong , Lawrence Sharon , Chirayath Shiji , Boan Peter 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundLung transplantation has a high risk of cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia and disease.MethodsValganciclovir was planned for 6 months in CMV recipient seropositive (R+) lung transplants (LTs) and given long‐term in D+R− LTs. CMV viremia was monitored regularly during and after prophylaxis in all patients.ResultsOf 137 LTs, 22 were D+R−, 49 D+R+, 43 D−R+, and 23 D−R−, with median follow up 4.1 years (IQR 2.1‐6.2 years). CMV viremia at any time occurred in 44.5% of LTs. CMV viral load >103 c/mL was uncommon (9/77 episodes). CMV viremia occurred at median 665 days (IQR 271‐1411 days), in 5.1% LTs <6 months, 20.3% LTs 6‐12 months, and 35.8% LTs >12 months. CMV disease occurred in 6 (4.4%) LTs at an overall rate of 1.0 episode per 100 person‐years: two of these cases were organ‐specific disease, four were CMV syndrome. One case of ganciclovir‐resistant CMV was diagnosed. D+R+ and D+R− LTs had higher viremia rates than the D−R+ group. No viremia occurred in D−R− LTs. CMV viremia was not associated with age, gender, type of LT, indication for LT, acute rejection, bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, or mortality.ConclusionsProphylaxis for 6 months in D+R+ and D−R+, and past 12 months in D+R− LTs, with long‐term monitoring in all patients using a sensitive assay, and reinstitution of valganciclovir for low‐level viremia was effective at markedly reducing the incidence of CMV disease. CMV D−R− LTs do not need routine CMV monitoring.
Residual antibacterial activity of canine hair treated with five mousse products againstStaphylococcus pseudintermedius in vitro
Authors: Ramos Sara J. , Woodward Michelle , Hoppers Sarrah M. , Liu Chin‐Chi , Pucheu‐Haston Cherie M. , Mitchell Maria S. 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundTopical therapy alone can be effective in the treatment of canine pyoderma. Topical products are commercially available as shampoos, sprays, wipes and mousses. To date, no studies have evaluated the efficacy of commercially available mousse products in the treatment of canine pyoderma.ObjectiveTo determine the residual antibacterial activity of canine hairs treated with mousse products containing different active ingredients.AnimalsFifteen client‐owned dogs with no history of dermatological disease.Methods and materialsDogs were treated once with five mousse products [(i) 2% chlorhexidine and 1% ketoconazole, (ii) 2% chlorhexidine and 2% miconazole, (iii) 3% chlorhexidine and 0.5% climbazole, (iv) 2% salicylic acid 10% ethyl lactate and (v) phytosphingosineHCl 0.05%; control]. Hair samples were collected from each treatment area before application, one hour after application and on days 2, 4, 7, 10 and 14 post‐treatment. Collected hairs were weighed and plated on Mueller–Hinton agar plates streaked with aStaphylococcus pseudintermediusisolate showing no antimicrobial resistance. Plates were incubated for 24 h and bacterial growth inhibition zones around the hairs were measured.ResultsMousses 1, 2 and 3 created significant inhibition zones up to Day 10 when compared to pre‐treatment samples. On Day 14, only mousse 3 produced a significant zone of inhibition when compared to the pre‐treatment sample. Mousses 4 and 5 showed no statistical difference between any of the samples.Conclusions and clinical importanceThese results suggest that three of the mousse products had residual activity in inhibitingS. pseudintermediusgrowthin vitrofor at least 10 days.
Investment evaluation of wind turbine relocation
Authors: Yildirim Hasan Huseyin , Sakarya Sakir 
Published: March 2019

Energy has become one of the most important building blocks of many changes in the world, and it still maintains this quality. The demand for natural resources and energy continues to increase daily. For this reason, the supply of reliable and sustainable energy has become an important issue that concerns and occupies mankind. Of the renewable energy sources, wind energy is a clean, reliable and inexhaustible source of energy with low operating costs. Turkey is a rich nation in terms of wind energy potential. In this context, the profitability of investments made in utilising domestic and renewable energy potential is important. Investment efficiency is a very important issue before and during the investment period due to the fact that wind energy investments are high cost investments. In this study, a solution will be proposed for the replacement of inefficient wind turbines which have been installed. In the ideal solution of the issue, the remaining lifetime of the wind turbine which is to be replaced and capacity utilization at the new location of the turbine will be used as key input factors. The results showed that it was important for the relocation decision to be made early for the investment to be more profitable. In the event of delayed decisions to relocate the turbine, a high capacity factor is expected in the new location. If a high capacity factor is not achieved, the relocation of the turbine will be meaningless and losses will be incurred for the investor. Also according to the results of the analysis, in the first two years, the turbine operating at a low capacity of 19% and 17% is profitable if it works at 26% capacity until the end of its economic life when change is made in the third year.
Barriers and facilitators to physical activity among ethnic Chinese children: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Wang Haiquan , Blake Holly , Chattopadhyay Kaushik 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize the barriers and facilitators to physical activity among ethnic Chinese children.

Introduction:
Several studies have been conducted to determine the barriers and facilitators to physical activity among ethnic Chinese children. However, no qualitative systematic review on this topic has been published in English.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider studies conducted among ethnic Chinese children (between six and 17 years of age) residing in either Chinese or non-Chinese territories or among people who have responsibility for the children (such as their ethnic Chinese/non-Chinese parents, guardians or teachers). Any study setting will be included, such as home, community and school. Studies that present qualitative data on the views and experiences of the barriers and facilitators to physical activity will be considered.

Methods:
MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, British Nursing Index, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, Web of Science, Scopus, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP will be searched to identify published studies. EThOS, OpenGrey, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, CNKI and Wanfang will be searched to identify unpublished studies. Databases will be searched from their inception dates, and no language restrictions will be applied. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) systematic review guidelines will be followed to conduct the review. The JBI process of meta-aggregation will be used to identify categories and synthesize findings. The ConQual approach will be used to assess confidence in the findings.
Challenging metabolic tissues with fructose: tissue‐specific and sex‐specific responses
Authors: Pinnick Katherine E. , Hodson Leanne 
Published: March 2019

AbstractExcessive consumption of free sugars (which typically includes a composite of glucose and fructose) is associated with an increased risk of developing chronic metabolic diseases including obesity, non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Determining the utilisation, storage and fate of dietary sugars in metabolically relevant tissues is fundamental to understanding their contribution to metabolic disease risk. To date, the study of fructose metabolism has primarily focused on the liver, where it has been implicated in impaired insulin sensitivity, increased fat accumulation and dyslipidaemia. Yet we still have only a limited understanding of the mechanisms by which consumption of fructose, as part of a mixed meal, may alter hepatic fatty acid synthesis and partitioning. Moreover, surprisingly little is known about the metabolism of fructose within other organs, specifically subcutaneous adipose tissue, which is the largest metabolically active organ in the human body and is consistently exposed to nutrient fluxes. This review summarises what is known about fructose metabolism in the liver and adipose tissue and examines evidence for tissue‐specific and sex‐specific responses to fructose.
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Alternative splicing and ACMG-AMP-2015-based classification of PALB2 genetic variants: an ENIGMA report
Authors: Lopez-Perolio Irene , Leman Raphaël , Behar Raquel , Lattimore Vanessa , Pearson John F , Castéra Laurent , Martins Alexandra , Vaur Dominique , Goardon Nicolas , Davy Grégoire , Garre Pilar , García-Barberán Vanesa , Llovet Patricia , Pérez-Segura Pedro , Díaz-Rubio Eduardo , Caldés Trinidad , Hruska Kathleen S , Hsuan Vickie , Wu Sitao , Pesaran Tina , Karam Rachid , Vallon-Christersson Johan , Borg Ake , Investigators kConFab , Valenzuela-Palomo Alberto , Velasco Eladio A , Southey Melissa , Vreeswijk Maaike P G , Devilee Peter , Kvist Anders , Spurdle Amanda B , Walker Logan C , Krieger Sophie , de la Hoya Miguel 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundPALB2 monoallelic loss-of-function germ-line variants confer a breast cancer risk comparable to the average BRCA2 pathogenic variant. Recommendations for risk reduction strategies in carriers are similar. Elaborating robust criteria to identify loss-of-function variants in PALB2—without incurring overprediction—is thus of paramount clinical relevance. Towards this aim, we have performed a comprehensive characterisation of alternative splicing in PALB2, analysing its relevance for the classification of truncating and splice site variants according to the 2015 American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics-Association for Molecular Pathology guidelines.MethodsAlternative splicing was characterised in RNAs extracted from blood, breast and fimbriae/ovary-related human specimens (n=112). RNAseq, RT-PCR/CE and CloneSeq experiments were performed by five contributing laboratories. Centralised revision/curation was performed to assure high-quality annotations. Additional splicing analyses were performed in PALB2 c.212–1G>A, c.1684+1G>A, c.2748+2T>G, c.3113+5G>A, c.3350+1G>A, c.3350+4A>C and c.3350+5G>A carriers. The impact of the findings on PVS1 status was evaluated for truncating and splice site variant.ResultsWe identified 88 naturally occurring alternative splicing events (81 newly described), including 4 in-frame events predicted relevant to evaluate PVS1 status of splice site variants. We did not identify tissue-specific alternate gene transcripts in breast or ovarian-related samples, supporting the clinical relevance of blood-based splicing studies.ConclusionsPVS1 is not necessarily warranted for splice site variants targeting four PALB2 acceptor sites (exons 2, 5, 7 and 10). As a result, rare variants at these splice sites cannot be assumed pathogenic/likely pathogenic without further evidences. Our study puts a warning in up to five PALB2 genetic variants that are currently reported as pathogenic/likely pathogenic in ClinVar.
Cardiovascular Effects of Treatment With the Ketone Body 3-Hydroxybutyrate in Chronic Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Nielsen Roni , Møller Niels , Gormsen Lars C. , Tolbod Lars Poulsen , Hansson Nils Henrik , Sorensen Jens , Harms Hendrik Johannes , Frøkiær Jørgen , Eiskjaer Hans , Jespersen Nichlas Riise , Mellemkjaer Søren , Lassen Thomas Ravn , Pryds Kasper , Bøtker Hans Erik , Wiggers Henrik 
Published: March 2019

Background:

Myocardial utilization of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-OHB) is increased in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). However, the cardiovascular effects of increased circulating plasma-3-OHB levels in these patients are unknown. Consequently, the authors’ aim was to modulate circulating 3-OHB levels in HFrEF patients and evaluate: (1) changes in cardiac output (CO); (2) a potential dose-response relationship between 3-OHB levels and CO; (3) the impact on myocardial external energy efficiency (MEE) and oxygen consumption (MVO
2
); and (4) whether the cardiovascular response differed between HFrEF patients and age-matched volunteers.

Methods:

Study 1: 16 chronic HFrEF patients (left ventricular ejection fraction: 37±3%) were randomized in a crossover design to 3-hour of 3-OHB or placebo infusion. Patients were monitored invasively with a Swan-Ganz catheter and with echocardiography. Study 2: In a dose-response study, 8 HFrEF patients were examined at increasing 3-OHB infusion rates. Study 3 to 4: 10 HFrEF patients and 10 age-matched volunteers were randomized in a crossover design to 3-hour 3-OHB or placebo infusion. MEE and MVO
2
were evaluated using 11C-acetate positron emission tomography.

Results:

3-OHB infusion increased circulating levels of plasma 3-OHB from 0.4±0.3 to 3.3±0.4 mM (
P
<0.001). CO rose by 2.0±0.2 L/min (
P
<0.001) because of an increase in stroke volume of 20±2 mL (
P
<0.001) and heart rate of 7±2 beats per minute (bpm) (
P
<0.001). Left ventricular ejection fraction increased 8±1% (
P
<0.001) numerically. There was a dose-response relationship with a significant CO increase of 0.3 L/min already at plasma-3-OHB levels of 0.7 mM (
P
<0.001). 3-OHB increased MVO
2
without altering MEE. The response to 3-OHB infusion in terms of MEE and CO did not differ between HFrEF patents and age-matched volunteers.

Conclusions:
3-OHB has beneficial hemodynamic effects in HFrEF patients without impairing MEE. These beneficial effects are detectable in the physiological concentration range of circulating 3-OHB levels. The hemodynamic effects of 3-OHB were observed in both HFrEF patients and age-matched volunteers. 3-OHB may potentially constitute a novel treatment principle in HFrEF patients.
Time‐Stratified Case Crossover Study of the Association of Outdoor Ambient Air Pollution With the Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction in the Context of Seasonal Exposure to the Southeast Asian Haze Problem
Authors: Ho Andrew Fu Wah , Zheng Huili , Earnest Arul , Cheong Kang Hao , Pek Pin Pin , Seok Jeon Young , Liu Nan , Kwan Yu Heng , Tan Jack Wei Chieh , Wong Ting Hway , Hausenloy Derek J. , Foo Ling Li , Tan Benjamin Yong Qiang , Ong Marcus Eng Hock 
Published: March 2019

Background

Prior studies have demonstrated the association of air pollution with cardiovascular deaths. Singapore experiences seasonal transboundary haze. We investigated the association between air pollution and acute myocardial infarction (
AMI
) incidence in Singapore.

Methods and Results

We performed a time‐stratified case‐crossover study on all
AMI
cases in the Singapore Myocardial Infarction Registry (2010–2015). Exposure on days where
AMI
occurred (case days) were compared with the exposure on days where
AMI
did not occur (control days). Control days were chosen on the same day of the week earlier and later in the same month and year. We fitted conditional Poisson regression models to daily
AMI
incidence to include confounders such as ambient temperature, rainfall, wind‐speed, and Pollutant Standards Index. We assessed relationships between
AMI
incidence and Pollutant Standards Index in the entire cohort and subgroups of individual‐level characteristics. There were 53 948 cases. Each 30‐unit increase in Pollutant Standards Index was association with
AMI
incidence (incidence risk ratio [
IRR
] 1.04, 95%
CI
1.03–1.06). In the subgroup of
ST
‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction the
IRR
was 1.00, 95%
CI
0.98 to 1.03, while for non–ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction, the
IRR
was 1.08, 95%
CI
1.05 to 1.10. Subgroup analyses showed generally significant. Moderate/unhealthy Pollutant Standards Index showed association with
AMI
occurrence with
IRR
1.08, 95%
CI
1.05 to 1.11 and
IRR
1.09, 95%
CI
1.01 to 1.18, respectively. Excess risk remained elevated through the day of exposure and for >2 years after.

Conclusions

We found an effect of short‐term air pollution on
AMI
incidence, especially non–ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction and inpatient
AMI
. These findings have public health implications for primary prevention and emergency health services during haze.
Statin Therapy Before Transition to End‐Stage Renal Disease With Posttransition Outcomes
Authors: Soohoo Melissa , Moradi Hamid , Obi Yoshitsugu , Rhee Connie M. , Gosmanova Elvira O. , Molnar Miklos Z. , Kashyap Moti L. , Gillen Daniel L. , Kovesdy Csaba P. , Kalantar‐Zadeh Kamyar , Streja Elani 
Published: March 2019

Background
Although studies have shown that statin therapy in patients with non–dialysis‐dependent chronic kidney disease was associated with a lower risk of death, this was not observed in dialysis patients newly initiated on statins. It is unclear if statin therapy benefits administered during the predialysis period persist after transitioning to end‐stage renal disease.

Methods and Results

In 47 720 veterans who transitioned to end‐stage renal disease during 2007 to 2014, we examined the association of statin therapy use 1 year before transition with posttransition all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization incidence rates over the first 12 months of follow‐up. Associations were examined using multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazard models and negative binomial regressions. Sensitivity analyses included propensity score and subgroup analyses. The cohort's mean±
SD
age was 71±11 years, and the cohort included 4% women, 23% blacks, and 66% diabetics. Over 12 months of follow‐up, there were 13 411 deaths, with an incidence rate of 35.3 (95%
CI
, 34.7–35.8) deaths per 100 person‐years. In adjusted models, statin therapy compared with no statin therapy was associated with lower risks of 12‐month all‐cause (hazard ratio [95% CI], 0.79 [0.76–0.82]) and cardiovascular (hazard ratio [95%
CI
], 0.83 [0.78–0.88]) mortality, as well as with a lower rate of hospitalizations (incidence rate ratio [95%
CI
], 0.89 [0.87–0.92]) after initiating dialysis. These lower outcome risks persisted across strata of clinical characteristics, and in propensity score analyses.

Conclusions
Among veterans with non–dialysis‐dependent chronic kidney disease, treatment with statin therapy within the 1 year before transitioning to end‐stage renal disease is associated with favorable early end‐stage renal disease outcomes.
Dorotea gen. nov., a new bathyal genus (Amphipoda, Eusiridae) from the Solomon Sea (Papua New Guinea)
Authors: CORBARI LAURE , FRUTOS INMACULADA , SORBE JEAN CLAUDE 
Published: March 2019

A new species ascribed to a new genus of Eusiridae, Dorotea papuana gen. nov., sp. nov. is described from bathyal bottoms of the Solomon Sea (Papua New Guinea). Closely related to the genus Cleonardo, this new genus can be distinguished from most other known eusirid genera by the presence of a telson distally cleft and distinctly bilobate, of a distal spiniform process on uropod 1 peduncle and of a simple, stout and medium length dactylus on pereopods 5–7. The combination of all these characters can be considered relevant for the affiliation of this species to a new genus within Eusiridae. Due to its very close morphological affinity to Dorotea gen. nov., the bathyal sub-Antarctic species Eusiroides aberrantis Bellan-Santini & Ledoyer, 1987 cannot be maintained in the family Pontogeneiidae and it should be transferred to the family Eusiridae.
Estimating Convection’s Moisture Sensitivity: An Observation–Model Synthesis Using AMIE-DYNAMO Field Data
Authors: Mapes Brian , Chandra Arunchandra S. , Kuang Zhiming , Song Siwon , Zuidema Paquita 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe seek to use ARM MJO Investigation Experiment (AMIE)-DYNAMO field campaign observations to significantly constrain height-resolved estimates of the parameterization-relevant, causal sensitivity of convective heating Q to water vapor q. In field data, Q profiles are detected via Doppler radar wind divergence D while balloon soundings give q. Univariate regressions of D on q summarize the information from a 10-layer time–pressure series from Gan Island (0°, 90°E) as a 10 × 10 matrix. Despite the right shape and units, this is not the desired causal quantity because observations reflect confounding effects of additional q-correlated casual mechanisms. We seek to use this matrix to adjudicate among candidate estimates of the desired causal quantity: Kuang’s matrix of the linear responses of a cyclic convection-permitting model (CCPM) at equilibrium. Transforming to more observation-comparable forms by accounting for observed autocorrelations, the comparisons are still poor, because (we hypothesize) larger-scale vertical velocity, forbidden by CCPM methodology, is another confounding cause that must be permitted to covary with q. By embedding and modified candidates in an idealized GCM, and treating its outputs as virtual field campaign data, we find that observations favor a factor of 2 (rather than 0 or 1) to small-domain ’s free-tropospheric causal q sensitivity of about 25% rain-rate increment over 3 subsequent hours per +1 g kg−1 q impulse in a 100-hPa layer. Doubling this sensitivity lies partway toward Kuang’s for a long domain that organizes convection into squall lines, a weak but sign-consistent hint of a detectable parameterization-relevant (causal) role for convective organization in nature. Caveats and implications for field campaign proposers are discussed.
Comparing GEFS, ECMWF, and Postprocessing Methods for Ensemble Precipitation Forecasts over Brazil
Authors: Medina Hanoi , Tian Di , Marin Fabio R. , Chirico Giovanni B. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study compares the performance of Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS) and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) precipitation ensemble forecasts in Brazil and evaluates different analog-based methods and a logistic regression method for postprocessing the GEFS forecasts. The numerical weather prediction (NWP) forecasts were evaluated against the Physical Science Division South America Daily Gridded Precipitation dataset using both deterministic and probabilistic forecasting evaluation metrics. The results show that the ensemble precipitation forecasts performed commonly well in the east and poorly in the northwest of Brazil, independent of the models and the postprocessing methods. While the raw ECMWF forecasts performed better than the raw GEFS forecasts, analog-based GEFS forecasts were more skillful and reliable than both raw ECMWF and GEFS forecasts. The choice of a specific postprocessing strategy had less impact on the performance than the postprocessing itself. Nonetheless, forecasts produced with different analog-based postprocessing strategies were significantly different and were more skillful and as reliable and sharp as forecasts produced with the logistic regression method. The approach considering the logarithm of current and past reforecasts as the measure of closeness between analogs was identified as the best strategy. The results also indicate that the postprocessing using analog methods with long-term reforecast archive improved raw GEFS precipitation forecasting skill more than using logistic regression with short-term reforecast archive. In particular, the postprocessing dramatically improves the GEFS precipitation forecasts when the forecasting skill is low or below zero.