bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fulminant EBV+ T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder following acute/chronic EBV infection: a distinct clinicopathologic syndrome
Authors: Quintanilla-Martinez Leticia , Kumar Shimareet , Fend Falko , Reyes Edgardo , Teruya-Feldstein Julie , Kingma Douglas W. , Sorbara Lynn , Raffeld Mark , Straus Stephen E. , Jaffe Elaine S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study describes the clinicopathologic features of 5 patients who developed a fulminant Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive clonal T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD) after acute EBV infection. One additional patient developed a similar disorder in the setting of long-standing chronic active EBV infection. Detailed immunophenotyping, in situ hybridization for EBV early RNA-1 (EBER1) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses for immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain and T-cell receptor (TCR)-gamma gene rearrangements were performed on paraffin-embedded tissue from all patients. In addition, EBV strain typing and detection of the characteristic 30-bp deletion of the latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1) gene were performed by PCR. Controls included 8 cases of uncomplicated infectious mononucleosis (IM). Patients included 4 males and 2 females with a median age of 18 years (2-37 years). Three patients were Mexican, 2 were white, and 1 was of Asian descent. All presented with fever, hepatosplenomegaly, and pancytopenia; 5 were previously healthy, but had a clinical history of a recent viral-like upper respiratory illness (1 week to 2 months), and 1 patient had documented chronic active EBV infection for 7 years. Serologic data for EBV were incomplete but titers were either negative or only modestly elevated in 3 cases. In 1 case serology was consistent with severe chronic active EBV infection. In the remaining 2 cases serologic studies were not performed. All patients died within 7 days to 8 months of presentation with T-cell LPD. On histologic examination, the liver and spleen showed prominent sinusoidal and portal lymphoid infiltrates of CD3+, βF1+, EBER1+ T cells lacking significant cytologic atypia. Two cases were CD4+, 2 cases were CD8+, and 2 cases had admixed CD4+ and CD8+ cells without clear subset predominance. All were TIA-1+, CD56−. Only rare B cells were noted. Marked erythrophagocytosis was present. Molecular analysis revealed identical T-cell clones in 2 or more sites (liver, spleen, lymph node) in 5 cases. All patients carried type A EBV; 4 cases had wild-type EBV-LMP, and 2 showed the 30-bp deletion. This fulminant T-cell LPD after acute/chronic EBV infection is characterized by hepatosplenomegaly, often without significant lymphadenopathy, fever, liver failure, pancytopenia, and erythrophagocytosis indicative of a hemophagocytic syndrome. EBV serology may be misleading, with lack of elevated titers. The presence of an EBER1+ T-cell infiltrate with scant B cells should alert one to this diagnosis. Although cytologic atypia is minimal, studies for T-cell clonality confirm the diagnosis.
Occurrence and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in the water and sediments of Qingcaosha Reservoir, Shanghai, China
Authors: Huang Zhifeng , Zhao Wanting , Xu Ting , Zheng Binghui , Yin Daqiang 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Qingcaosha Reservoir is China’s largest river impoundment and an important drinking water resource for Shanghai city. Although antibiotics contamination in the reservoir has been reported, little is known about the presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). In this study, the occurrence and distribution of 12 ARGs and the class 1 integron gene (intI-1) in water and sediments collected from the reservoir were investigated for 1 year.

Results
The 12 ARGs were detected in both water and sediment samples, and no significant temporal or spatial variations were observed. Sulfonamide resistance genes were predominant in the reservoir with a detection frequency of 100%. Statistical analysis indicated a positive correlation in relative abundance between some ARGs such as sul1, sul2, and intI-1. Most ARGs were negatively correlated with total nitrogen and positively correlated with chemical oxygen demand and chlorophyll-a.

Conclusion
In general, ARGs were found to be prevalent in Qingcaosha Reservoir, among which sulfonamide resistance genes were the most dominant and tetB was the least. intI-1 may facilitate the proliferation and propagation of some ARGs, especially sul1 and sul2. The abundance of ARGs was well correlated with aquatic environmental factors in water, providing potential clues for the control of ARG contamination.
Characterization of LrgAB as a stationary phase-specific pyruvate uptake system in Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Ahn Sang-Joon , Deep Kamal , Turner Matthew E. , Ishkov Ivan , Waters Anthony , Hagen Stephen J. , Rice Kelly C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundOur recent ‘-omics’ comparisons ofStreptococcus mutanswild-type andlrgAB-mutant revealed that this organism undergoes dynamic cellular changes in the face of multiple exogenous stresses, consequently affecting its comprehensive virulence traits. In this current study, we further demonstrate that LrgAB functions as aS. mutanspyruvate uptake system.ResultsS. mutansexcretes pyruvate during growth as an overflow metabolite, and appears to uptake this excreted pyruvate via LrgAB once the primary carbon source is exhausted. This utilization of excreted pyruvate was tightly regulated by glucose levels and stationary growth phaselrgABinduction. The degree oflrgABinduction was reduced by high extracellular levels of pyruvate, suggesting thatlrgABinduction is subject to negative feedback regulation, likely through the LytST TCS, which is required for expression oflrgAB. Stationary phaselrgABinduction was efficiently inhibited by low concentrations of 3FP, a toxic pyruvate analogue, without affecting cell growth, suggesting that accumulated pyruvate is sensed either directly or indirectly by LytS, subsequently triggeringlrgABexpression.S. mutansgrowth was inhibited by high concentrations of 3FP, implying that pyruvate uptake is necessary forS. mutansexponential phase growth and occurs in a Lrg-independent manner. Finally, we found that stationary phaselrgABinduction is modulated by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and by co-cultivation with H2O2-producingS. gordonii.ConclusionsPyruvate may provideS. mutanswith an alternative carbon source under limited growth conditions, as well as serving as a buffer against exogenous oxidative stress.Given the hypothesized role of LrgAB in cell death and lysis, these data also provide an important basis for how these processes are functionally and mechanically connected to key metabolic pathways such as pyruvate metabolism.
Prevalence and correlates of sexual intercourse among sexually active in-school adolescents: an analysis of five sub-Sahara African countries for the adolescent’s sexual health policy implications
Authors: Shayo Festo K. , Kalomo Mariam H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Early and unprotected sex with multiple partners among adolescents carries a high risk of acquiring HIV infections, other sexually transmitted infections as well as high rates of teenage pregnancy. Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has a higher burden of HIV/AIDS: the leading cause of deaths among adolescents. We estimated the prevalence and examined the correlates of sexual intercourse among in-school adolescents of SSA. The purpose is to inform the public health programs dedicated to tackling the burden of HIV/AIDS.

Methods
We did a secondary analysis of the Global School-based Student Health Surveys (GSHS) datasets pooled from five SSA countries Benin, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, and Tanzania. Our current analysis included a sample of 15,318 in-school adolescents. The primary independent variables were ever had sexual intercourse and sex with multiple partners, while the dependent variables were smoking cigarettes, alcohol use, use of marijuana and amphetamine, and parental connectedness. We performed descriptive statistics, and multivariate logistic regression stratified by gender using SPSS Complex Sample Statistics. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant at 95% confidence intervals.

Results
Out of 15,318 participants, the overall prevalence of ever had sexual intercourse and sex with multiple partners were 43·5% (6670) and 20·9% (3204), respectively. In overall and across each country, male adolescents had a significantly higher proportion of sex with multiple partners than female adolescents, p < 0·001. The predictors of sexual intercourse with multiple partners in both male and females were smoking cigarettes, alcohol use, and use of marijuana and amphetamine. Female adolescents who smoked cigarettes and used marijuana had a significant likelihood of sex with multiple partners than male adolescents: [aOR 3.6, 95% CI: 2.6-5.1] vs [aOR 2.1, 95% CI: 1.7-2.7] and [aOR 2.4, 95% CI: 1.6-3.7] vs [aOR 1.9, 95% CI: 1·3-2·7], respectively.

Conclusions
Adolescents sexual intercourse and more especially sex with multiple partners was prevalent and strongly correlated with substance use. However, the correlation was higher among female adolescents than male adolescents. A customized public health intervention that targets multiple risk factors concurrently may benefit adolescents with clustering of sexual and non-sexual risk-taking behaviors.
Is sitting invisible? Exploring how people mentally represent sitting
Authors: Gardner Benjamin , Flint Stuart , Rebar Amanda L. , Dewitt Stephen , Quail Sahana K. , Whall Helen , Smith Lee 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundGrowing evidence suggests that prolonged uninterrupted sitting can be detrimental to health. Much sedentary behaviour research is reliant on self-reports of sitting time, and sitting-reduction interventions often focus on reducing motivation to sit. These approaches assume that people are consciously aware of their sitting time. Drawing on Action Identification Theory, this paper argues that people rarely identify the act of sitting as ‘sitting’ per se, and instead view it as an incidental component of more meaningful and purposeful typically-seated activities.MethodsStudies 1 and 2 explored whether people mentioned sitting in written descriptions of actions. Studies 3–5 compared preferences for labelling a typically desk-based activity as ‘sitting’ versus alternative action identities. Studies 6 and 7 used card-sort tasks to indirectly assess the prioritisation of ‘sitting’ relative to other action descriptions when identifying similar actions.ResultsParticipants rarely spontaneously mentioned sitting when describing actions (Studies 1–2), and when assigning action labels to a seated activity, tended to offer descriptions based on higher-order goals and consequences of action, rather than sitting or other procedural elements (Studies 3–5). Participants primarily identified similarities in actions based not on sitting, but on activities performed while seated (e.g. reading; Studies 6–7).Conclusion‘Sitting’ is a less accessible cognitive representation of seated activities than are representations based on the purpose and implications of seated action. Findings suggest that self-report measures should focus on time spent in seated activities, rather than attempting to measure sitting time via direct recall. From an intervention perspective, findings speak to the importance of targeting behaviours that entail sitting, and of raising awareness of sitting as a potential precursor to attempting to reduce sitting time.
Crosslinked sulfonated polyacrylamide (Cross-PAA-SO3H) tethered to nano-Fe3O4 as a superior catalyst for the synthesis of 1,3-thiazoles
Authors: Shahbazi-Alavi Hossein , Khojasteh-Khosro Sheida , Safaei-Ghomi Javad , Tavazo Maryam 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Crosslinked sulfonated polyacrylamide (Cross-PAA-SO3H) attached to nano-Fe3O4 as a superior catalyst has been used for the synthesis of 3-alkyl-4-phenyl-1,3-thiazole-2(3H)-thione derivatives through a three-component reactions of phenacyl bromide or 4-methoxyphenacyl bromide, carbon disulfide and primary amine under reflux condition in ethanol. A proper, atom-economical, straightforward one-pot multicomponent synthetic route for the synthesis of 1,3-thiazoles in good yields has been devised using crosslinked sulfonated polyacrylamide (Cross-PAA-SO3H) tethered to nano-Fe3O4. The catalyst has been characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM).
Estimating the productive potential of five natural forest types in northeastern China
Authors: Wu Zhaofei , Zhang Zhonghui , Wang Juan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
There is a serious lack of experience regarding the productive potential of the natural forests in northeastern China, which severely limits the development of sustainable forest management strategies for this most important forest region in China. Accordingly, the objective of this study is to develop a first comprehensive system for estimating the wood production for the five dominant forest types.

Methods
Based on a network of 384 field plots and using the state-space approach, we develop a system of dynamic stand models, for each of the five main forest types. Four models were developed and evaluated, including a base model and three extended models which include the effects of dominant height and climate variables. The four models were fitted, and their predictive strengths were tested, using the “seemingly unrelated regression” (SUR) technique.

Results
All three of the extended models increased the accuracy of the predictions at varying degrees for the five major natural forest types of northeastern China. The inclusion of dominant height and two climate factors (precipitation and temperature) in the base model resulted in the best performance for all the forest types. On average, the root mean square values were reduced by 13.0% when compared with the base model.

Conclusion
Both dominant height and climate factors were important variables in estimating forest production. This study not only presents a new method for estimating forest production for a large region, but also explains regional differences in the effect of site productivity and climate.
Spinocerebellar Ataxia type 29 in a family of Māori descent
Authors: Ngo Kathie J. , Poke Gemma , Neas Katherine , Fogel Brent L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Mutations in the Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor Type 1 (ITPR1) gene cause spinocerebellar ataxia type 29 (SCA29), a rare congenital-onset autosomal dominant non-progressive cerebellar ataxia. The Māori, indigenous to New Zealand, are an understudied population for genetic ataxias.

Case presentation
We investigated the genetic origins of spinocerebellar ataxia in a family of Māori descent consisting of two affected sisters and their unaffected parents. Whole exome sequencing identified a pathogenic variant, p.Thr267Met, in ITPR1 in both sisters, establishing their diagnosis as SCA29.

Conclusions
We report the identification of a family of Māori descent with a mutation causing SCA29, extending the worldwide scope of this disease. Although this mutation has occurred de novo in other populations, suggesting a mutational hotspot, the children in this family inherited it from their unaffected mother who was germline mosaic.
KONTRIBUSI SHAYKH MAHFÛZ AL-TARMASÎ DALAM PERKEMBANGAN ILMU HADIS DI NUSANTARA
Authors: Fauzan Ahmad 
Published: October 2019

This article examines the intellectual figures of the hadith in Nusantara whose works have worldwide with a background of inspiration from the phenomenon of Nusantara’s hadith figures that are spelled out so much, such as al-Raniri, Yasin al-Fadani, Hasyim Asy’ari, Maḥfûẓ al-Tarmasî, and so forth. This paper specifically examines one of the figures of the Ulamâ’ Nusantara, namely Maḥfûẓ al-Tarmasî, both in terms of biography, his contribution in the fields of hadith, qirâ’ah, and sanad. The method used in this paper is a content data analysis using literature studies (library research). The expected result of this paper is that the breadth of al-Tarmasî’s scientific knowledge is not only limited to the discipline of hadith or its knowledge, but also other disciplines such as qirâ’ah, fiqh and so forth. In this study, it was concluded that al-Tarmasî had a major contribution to the spread of qirâ’ah in Nusantara. He became the main reference in terms of qirâ’ah. Likewise, in the field of Hadith, the sanad owned by al-Tarmasî is connected in a chain to its author, and on this basis, many Indonesian take the path of teacher training to al-Tarmasî.Keyword: al-Tarmasi, Hadith, Nusantara
Comparison of the diagnostic performance of two automated urine sediment analyzers with manual phase-contrast microscopy
Authors: Enko Dietmar , Stelzer Ingeborg , Böckl Michael , Derler Brigitta , Schnedl Wolfgang J. , Anderssohn Petra , Meinitzer Andreas , Herrmann Markus 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Recently, several manufacturers have launched automated urinalysis platforms. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of the UF-5000 (Sysmex Corporation, Kobe, Japan) and the cobas® u 701 (Roche Diagnostics, Rotkreuz, Switzerland) urine sediment analyzers with manual phase-contrast microscopy as the reference method.

Methods
A total of 195 urine samples were analyzed on both automated platforms and subjected to manual microscopic examination. Agreement was assessed by Cohen’s kappa (κ) analysis. Sensitivities and specificities were calculated.

Results
The agreement of the UF-5000 with manual microscopy was almost perfect (κ > 0.8) for red (RBC) and white blood cells (WBC), renal tubular epithel cells, hyaline casts, bacteria (BACT) and yeast (YLC), substantial (κ = 0.61–0.80) for squamous epithel cells (SEC) and pathologic casts, and moderate (κ = 0.41–0.60) for transitional epithel cells. The cobas® u 701 showed substantial agreement (κ = 0.61–0.80) for WBC, moderate agreement (κ = 0.41–0.60) for hyaline casts, and fair agreement (κ = 0.21–0.40) for RBC, SEC, non-squamous epithel (NEC), pathologic casts, BACT and YLC. The UF-5000 sensitivities ranged between 98.5% for RBC and 83.3% for pathological casts. The cobas® u 701 showed sensitivities between 83.0% for WBC and 31.6% for YLC.

Conclusions
The UF-5000 (Sysmex) analyzer showed a better diagnostic agreement with manual phase-contrast microscopy compared to the cobas® u 701 (Roche) module. The Sysmex platform showed reliable results for urine sediment analysis. However, pathological samples should be verified with manual microscopy.
A Ten-Year Biomonitoring Study of Atmospheric Deposition of Trace Elements at the Territory of the Republic of Belarus
Authors: Aleksiayenak Yulia , Frontasyeva Marina 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
For the third time since 2005 atmospheric deposition of trace elements in Belarus was monitored by the moss technique widely used in Europe for air pollution studies. Samples of moss species of Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi were collected at 86 sites over the Gomel, Vitebsk and Minsk Regions in the summer of 2015. A total of 30 elements were determined by epithermal neutron activation analysis. Studying of the temporal trends in Belarus was undertaken with the results obtained in previous moss surveys in 2005/2006 and 2010/2011. Comparison with the analogous data from the neighbouring countries showed relatively low contamination levels in Belarus for the most heavy and toxic elements. The results of survey 2010/2011 showed that, except Cr, other element concentrations reduce or are at the same levels.
Identification of Degradation By-Products of Selected Pesticides During Oxidation and Chlorination Processes
Authors: Kudlek Edyta 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are considered to be one of the most effective methods for the decomposition of a wide range of hardly-biodegradable organic compounds, including pesticides. The implementation of such processes in the water streams treatment often leads to the formation of decomposition by-products of micropollutants occurring in water. These compounds, even in concentrations of a few ng/dm3, may negatively affect the water quality. Therefore, there is a need for detailed analyses that will allow to identify intermediates found in the AOP solutions and to assess their impact on the aquatic environment. The paper presents an attempt to identify by-products of three pesticides: triclosan, triallat and oxadiazon during ozonation, chlorination and UV irradiation of their water solutions. The identification of compounds was performed based on the results of the GC-MS analysis using the NIST v17 mass spectral library. It has been shown that during all of tested advanced oxidation processes, incomplete degradation of pesticides occurs. The number of micropollutant decomposition by-products increases with the increase of the applied ozone dose and UV exposure time. During the chlorination process Cl− atoms were added to the tested compound molecules. In the case of triclosan, it led to the generation of compounds containing four or five chlorine atoms in their structure. The toxicological analysis performed by the use of the Microtox® and Lemna sp. Growth Inhibition Test showed the toxic nature of post-process solutions. The decomposition by-products of triclosan and triallate, generated during the UV irradiation process, were highly toxic against the test organisms (toxic effect > 75 %). This makes it impossible to drain these solutions into the natural environment.
Volume fraction and width of ribbon-like crystallites control the rubbery modulus of segmented block copolymers
Authors: Nébouy Matthias , Louhichi Ameur , Baeza Guilhem P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We discuss the origin of the plateau modulus enhancement (χ) in semi-crystalline segmented block copolymers by increasing the concentration in hard segments within the chains (X
HS). The message we deliver is that the plateau modulus of these thermoplastic elastomers is greatly dominated by the volume fraction (Φ) and the width (W) of crystallites according to χ–1 ~ ΦW in agreement with a recent topological model we have developed. We start by a quick review of literature with the aim to extract χ(Φ) for different chemical structures. As we suspected, we find that most of the data falls onto a mastercurve, in line with our predictions, confirming that the reinforcement in such materials is mainly dominated by the crystallite’s content. This important result is then supported by the investigation of copolymer mixtures in which Φ is fixed, providing a similar reinforcement, while the chains compositions is significantly different. Finally, we show that the reinforcement can be enhanced at constant Φ by increasing W for a given class of block copolymers. This can be done by changing the process route and is again in good agreement with our expectations.