bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Somatosensory Function Influences Aberrant Gait Biomechanics Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Blackburn Jonathan T. , Pietrosimone Brian , Spang Jeffrey T. , Goodwin Jonathan S. , Johnston Chris D. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTOsteoarthritis is common following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ALCR), and aberrant gait biomechanics are considered a primary contributor. Somatosensory dysfunction potentially alters gait biomechanics, but this association is unclear. Therefore, the purposes of this investigation were to compare somatosensory function between limbs and evaluate associations between somatosensory function and gait biomechanics linked to osteoarthritis development in individuals with ALCR. Seventy‐three volunteers with ALCR participated. Gait biomechanics (peak vertical ground reaction force magnitude and loading rate, peak internal knee extension and valgus moments, peak knee flexion and varus angles, and quadriceps/hamstrings co‐activation) were assessed as subjects walked at their preferred speed. The somatosensory function was assessed via joint position sense error (knee flexion) and vibratory perception threshold (femoral epicondyles, malleoli, and first metatarsal). Though somatosensory function did not differ between the ACLR and contralateral limbs, poorer joint position sense in the ACLR limb was associated with lower loading rates and internal knee extension moments, and greater co‐activation. Poorer vibratory perception at the medial and lateral malleoli and first metatarsal head in the ACLR limb was associated with lower loading rates, greater internal knee valgus moments and varus angles, and greater co‐activation. Poorer vibratory perception at the medial malleolus and first metatarsal head in the contralateral limb was associated with greater peak knee varus angles and internal knee valgus moments. These results suggest that future research evaluating rehabilitation approaches for improving somatosensory function is warranted as a potential approach for restoring normal gait biomechanics and reducing osteoarthritis risk. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:620–628, 2020
ZnO and TiO2 clusters as catalyst in the addition and abstraction reaction of acrylic acid with the OH radical
Authors: Aazaad Basheer , Lakshmipathi Senthilkumar 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe present work displays the theoretical analysis on the role of metal oxide clusters as an effective catalyst in the reaction between acrylic acid and OH radical, which has an energy barrier of 12.4 kcal/mol. The formation of metal oxide cluster such as ZnO and TiO2 with varying size from monomer to hexamer is analyzed using cohesive energy, which increases with cluster size. Adsorption of acrylic acid on clusters reveals that dimer ZnO and tetramer TiO2 are good adsorbed entities. The dimer ZnO and tetramer TiO2 clusters have reduced the barrier height. However, from the thermodynamical analysis of H‐abstraction and OH addition reaction, the dimer ZnO cluster is found to be a good catalyst than a tetramer TiO2 cluster. The favorable H abstraction and OH addition reactions are feasible at the active methylene group (–CH). OH addition reactions dominate over the H abstraction reaction. Further, the presence of metal oxide clusters enhances the rate of the reaction between acrylic acid and OH radical. The kinetics of the favorable reaction with a dimer ZnO cluster has a rate constant of 7.80 × 10−11 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, which is higher than the literature report (1.75 × 10−11 cm3 molecule−1 s−1). Overall, ZnO and TiO2 metal oxide clusters can be effectively utilized as catalyst.
Differential Impact of Age Among Liver Transplant Candidates With and Without Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Cullaro Giuseppe , Rubin Jessica B. , Mehta Neil , Lai Jennifer C. 
Published: October 2019

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fastest‐rising cause of cancer‐related mortality in the United States and is a leading indication for liver transplantation (LT). Changes have been noted in the age of the population with chronic liver disease, but how this change affects patients with HCC is unknown. This study aims to characterize trends and transplant‐associated outcomes among patients ≥65 years old listed for LT with HCC. Using the United Network for Organ Sharing database, we analyzed all patients ≥18 years old listed for LT during 2003‐2017 in the United States in 2 groups (<65 or ≥65 years). Time trends between HCC and non‐HCC patients were compared and stratified by disease etiology. Competing‐risks and Cox proportional hazards regressions associated HCC and age with wait‐list and post‐LT survival. There were 161,724 LT candidates included: 14% were ≥65 years old at listing and 25% had HCC. The proportion of patients ≥65 years old rose significantly faster among those with HCC, as compared with those without HCC (Δ = 0.80; P < 0.001). Age ≥65 years was significantly associated with both wait‐list mortality (adjusted subhazard ratio, 1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.40‐1.64) and post‐LT mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.41‐1.60) in the multivariate analysis. There were significant interactions between age and HCC on both wait‐list (P < 0.001) and post‐LT mortality (P = 0.04), suggesting that older age does not impact patients with HCC as much as patients without HCC. The proportion of older adults with HCC listed for LT has nearly tripled from 2003 to 2017, and the rapidly growing population of older adults with HCC may provide an opportunity to expand LT access without compromising outcomes.
Prediction of Passive Membrane Permeability by Semi‐Empirical Method Considering Viscous and Inertial Resistances and Different Rates of Conformational Change and Diffusion
Authors: Fukunishi Yoshifumi , Mashimo Tadaaki , Kurosawa Takashi , Wakabayashi Yoshinori , Nakamura Hironori K. , Takeuchi Koh 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMembrane permeability is an important property of drugs in adsorption. Many prediction methods work well for small molecules, but the prediction of middle‐molecule permeability is still difficult. In the present study, we modified a classical permeability model based on Fick's law to study passive membrane permeability. The model consisted of the distribution of solute from water to membrane and the diffusion of solute in each solvent. The diffusion coefficient is the inverse of the resistance, and we examined the inertial resistance in addition to the viscous resistance, the latter of which has been widely used in permeability prediction. Also, we examined three models changing the balance between the diffusion of solute in membrane and the conformational change of solute. The inertial resistance improved the prediction results in addition to the viscous resistance. The models worked well not only for small molecules but also for middle molecules, whose structures have more conformational freedom.
Evaluating the feasibility of creatine‐weighted CEST MRI in human brain at 7 T using a Z‐spectral fitting approach
Authors: Singh Anup , Debnath Ayan , Cai Kejia , Bagga Puneet , Haris Mohammad , Hariharan Hari , Reddy Ravinder 
Published: October 2019

The current study aims to evaluate the feasibility of creatine (Cr) chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST)‐weighted MRI at 7 T in the human brain by optimizing the saturation pulse parameters and computing contrast using a Z‐spectral fitting approach. The Cr‐weighted (Cr‐w) CEST contrast was computed from phantoms data. Simulations were carried out to obtain the optimum saturation parameters for Cr‐w CEST with lower contribution from other brain metabolites. CEST‐w images were acquired from the brains of four human subjects at different saturation parameters. The Cr‐w CEST contrast was computed using both asymmetry analysis and Z‐spectra fitting approaches (models 1 and 2, respectively) based on Lorentzian functions. For broad magnetization transfer (MT) effect, Gaussian and Super‐Lorentzian line shapes were also evaluated. In the phantom study, the Cr‐w CEST contrast showed a linear dependence on concentration in physiological range and a nonlinear dependence on saturation parameters. The in vivo Cr‐w CEST map generated using asymmetry analysis from the brain represents mixed contrast with contribution from other metabolites as well and relayed nuclear Overhauser effect (rNOE). Simulations provided an estimate for the optimum range of saturation parameters to be used for acquiring brain CEST data. The optimum saturation parameters for Cr‐w CEST to be used for brain data were around B1rms = 1.45 μT and duration = 2 seconds. The Z‐spectral fitting approach enabled computation of individual components. This also resulted in mitigating the contribution from MT and rNOE to Cr‐w CEST contrast, which is a major source of underestimation in asymmetry analysis. The proposed modified z‐spectra fitting approach (model 2) is more stable to noise compared with model 1. Cr‐w CEST contrast obtained using fitting was 6.98 ± 0.31% in gray matter and 5.45 ± 0.16% in white matter. Optimal saturation parameters reduced the contribution from other CEST effects to Cr‐w CEST contrast, and the proposed Z‐spectral fitting approach enabled computation of individual components in Z‐spectra of the brain. Therefore, it is feasible to compute Cr‐w CEST contrast with a lower contribution from other CEST and rNOE.
State of the art in cystic fibrosis pharmacology—Optimization of antimicrobials in the treatment of cystic fibrosis pulmonary exacerbations: I. Anti‐methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) antibiotics
Authors: Epps Quovadis J. , Epps Kevin L. , Young David C. , Zobell Jeffery T. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAcute pulmonary exacerbations (APE) are a complication of cystic fibrosis (CF) and are associated with morbidity and mortality. Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of many organisms that has been detected in the airways of patients with CF. This review provides an evidence‐based summary of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD), tolerability, and efficacy studies utilizing anti‐MRSA antibiotics (ie, ceftaroline, clindamycin, fluoroquinolone derivatives (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin), glycopeptide derivatives (telavancin, vancomycin), linezolid, rifampin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (SMZ/TMP), and tetracycline derivatives (doxycycline, minocycline, tigecycline) in the treatment of APE and identifies areas where further study is warranted. A recent utilization study of antimicrobials for anti‐MRSA has shown some CF Foundation accredited care centers and affiliate programs are using doses higher than the FDA‐approved doses. Further studies are needed to determine the PK/PD properties in CF patients with clindamycin, minocycline, rifampin, SMZ/TMP, telavancin, and tigecycline; as well as, efficacy and tolerability studies with ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, doxycycline, levofloxacin, minocycline, rifampin, SMZ/TMP, in CF patients with MRSA.
Discontinuity‐Enhanced Thin Film Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Shih Ming‐Chi , Jhang Ren‐Huai , Tsai Ya‐Ting , Huang Chia‐Wei , Hung Yung‐Jr , Liao Mei‐Yi , Huang Jiaxing , Chen Chun‐Hu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThin film electrocatalysts allow strong binding and intimate electrical contact with electrodes, rapid mass transfer during reaction, and are generally more durable than powder electrocatalysts, which is particularly beneficial for gas evolution reactions. In this work, using cobalt manganese oxyhydroxide, an oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalyst that can be grown directly on various electrodes as a model system, it is demonstrated that breaking a continuous film into discontinuous patches can significantly enhance the overall OER performance without sacrificing long‐term stability even under elevated electrocatalytic stress. Discontinuous films with higher edge‐to‐area ratios exhibits reduced overpotentials, increased turnover frequency, and more pronounced current increase after electrochemical conditioning. Operando Raman spectroscopy studies during electrocatalysis reveal that the film edges require lower potential barrier for activation. Introducing discontinuity into thin film electrocatalysis can thus lead to the realization of high performance yet highly robust systems for harsh gas evolution reactions.
Black Phosphorous Quantum Dots Sandwiched Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Yifan , Li Jie , Li Tengfei , Wang Jiayu , Liu Kuan , Jiang Qianqian , Tang Jianguo , Zhan Xiaowei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBlack phosphorous quantum dots (BPQDs) possess ambipolar charge transport, high mobility, and a tunable direct bandgap. Here, liquid‐exfoliated BPQDs are used as interlayers to modify both the electron transport layer and hole transport layer in organic solar cells (OSCs). The incorporation of BPQDs is beneficial to the formation of a cascade band structure and electron/hole transfer and extraction. The power conversion efficiency of the BPQDs‐incorporated OSC based on PTB7‐Th:FOIC blend is enhanced from 11.8% to 13.1%. In addition, power conversion efficiency enhancement is also achieved for other nonfullerene and fullerene‐based devices, demonstrating the universality of this interlayer methodology.
2D In2S3 Nanoflake Coupled with Graphene toward High‐Sensitivity and Fast‐Response Bulk‐Silicon Schottky Photodetector
Authors: Lu Jianting , Zheng Zhaoqiang , Yao Jiandong , Gao Wei , Zhao Yu , Xiao Ye , Li Jingbo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSilicon‐based electronic devices, especially graphene/Si photodetectors (Gr/Si PDs), have triggered tremendous attention due to their simple structure and flexible integration of the Schottky junction. However, due to the relatively poor light–matter interaction and mobility of silicon, these Gr/Si PDs typically suffer an inevitable compromise between photoresponsivity and response speed. Herein, a novel strategy for coupling 2D In2S3 with Gr/Si PDs is demonstrated. The introduction of the double‐heterojunction design not only strengthens the light absorption of graphene/Si but also combines the advantages of the photogating effect and photovoltaic effect, which suppresses the dark current, accelerates the separation of photogenerated carriers, and brings photoconductive gain. As a result, In2S3/graphene/Si devices present an ultrahigh photoresponsivity of 4.53 × 104 A W−1 and fast response speed less than 40 µs, simultaneously. These parameters are an order of magnitude higher than pristine Gr/Si PDs and among the best values compared with reported 2D materials/Si heterojunction PDs. Furthermore, the In2S3/graphene/Si PD expresses outstanding long‐term stability, with negligible performance degradation even after 1 month in air or 1000 cycles of operation. These findings highlight a simple and novel strategy for constructing high‐sensitivity and ultrafast Gr/Si PDs for further optoelectronic applications.
3C seismic data processing and interpretation: a case study from Carpathian Foredeep basin
Authors: Szymańska-Małysa Żaneta , Dubiel Paweł 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Chałupki Dębniańskie seismic profile 2D–3C is located in Carpathian Foredeep basin, Poland, and is an object of interest for geologists and geophysicists due to the presence of gas-bearing layers. Multicomponent seismic plays a significant role in supporting reservoir analysis related to accumulations of crude oil and natural gas. The purpose of the research was the optimal processing workflow design, which integrated seismic images of three-component 2D seismic line (2D–3C seismic). A complete processing flow for vertical and both horizontal components was conducted to obtain stacks and prestack gathers with preserved amplitude relations (RAP processing). The main issue of the research was the interpretation of S-wave velocity, which was not provided by well log data. The obtained results increased the reliability of seismic interpretation within Chałupki Dębniańskie area. The research provided valuable information regarding amplitude anomalies and helped in the verification of the potential gas accumulations. Several reservoir analysis tools were tested, including seismic attributes and AVO analysis. Conducted research confirmed the existence of reservoir which is characterized by good reservoir parameters.
On matching integral graphs
Authors: Khalashi Ghezelahmad Somayeh 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The matching polynomial of a graph has coefficients that give the number of matchings in the graph. In this paper, we determine all connected graphs on eight vertices whose matching polynomials have only integer zeros. A graph is matching integral if the zeros of its matching polynomial are all integers. We show that there are exactly two matching integral graphs on eight vertices.
Terrestrial gravity fluctuations
Authors: Harms Jan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTerrestrial gravity fluctuations are a target of scientific studies in a variety of fields within geophysics and fundamental-physics experiments involving gravity such as the observation of gravitational waves. In geophysics, these fluctuations are typically considered as signal that carries information about processes such as fault ruptures and atmospheric density perturbations. In fundamental-physics experiments, it appears as environmental noise, which needs to be avoided or mitigated. This article reviews the current state-of-the-art of modeling high-frequency terrestrial gravity fluctuations and of gravity-noise mitigation strategies. It hereby focuses on frequencies above about 50 mHz, which allows us to simplify models of atmospheric gravity perturbations (beyond Brunt–Väisälä regime) and it guarantees as well that gravitational forces on elastic media can be treated as perturbation. Extensive studies have been carried out over the past two decades to model contributions from seismic and atmospheric fields especially by the gravitational-wave community. While terrestrial gravity fluctuations above 50 mHz have not been observed conclusively yet, sensitivity of instruments for geophysical observations and of gravitational-wave detectors is improving, and we can expect first observations in the coming years. The next challenges include the design of gravity-noise mitigation systems to be implemented in current gravitational-wave detectors, and further improvement of models for future gravitational-wave detectors where terrestrial gravity noise will play a more important role. Also, many aspects of the recent proposition to use a new generation of gravity sensors to improve real-time earthquake early-warning systems still require detailed analyses.
Vascular retinal biomarkers improves the detection of the likely cerebral amyloid status from hyperspectral retinal images
Authors: Sharafi Sayed Mehran , Sylvestre Jean‐Philippe , Chevrefils Claudia , Soucy Jean‐Paul , Beaulieu Sylvain , Pascoal Tharick A. , Arbour Jean Daniel , Rhéaume Marc‐André , Robillard Alain , Chayer Céline , Rosa‐Neto Pedro , Mathotaarachchi Sulantha S. , Nasreddine Ziad S. , Gauthier Serge , Lesage Frédéric 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionThis study investigates the relationship between retinal image features and β‐amyloid (Aβ) burden in the brain with the aim of developing a noninvasive method to predict the deposition of Aβ in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease.MethodsRetinal images from 20 cognitively impaired and 26 cognitively unimpaired cases were acquired (3 images per subject) using a hyperspectral retinal camera. The cerebral amyloid status was determined from binary reads by a panel of 3 expert raters on 18F‐florbetaben positron‐emission tomography (PET) studies. Image features from the hyperspectral retinal images were calculated, including vessels tortuosity and diameter and spatial‐spectral texture measures in different retinal anatomical regions.ResultsRetinal venules of amyloid‐positive subjects (Aβ+) showed a higher mean tortuosity compared with the amyloid‐negative (Aβ−) subjects. Arteriolar diameter of Aβ+ subjects was found to be higher than the Aβ− subjects in a zone adjacent to the optical nerve head. Furthermore, a significant difference between texture measures built over retinal arterioles and their adjacent regions were observed in Aβ+ subjects when compared with the Aβ−. A classifier was trained to automatically discriminate subjects combining the extracted features. The classifier could discern Aβ+ subjects from Aβ− subjects with an accuracy of 85%.DiscussionSignificant differences in texture measures were observed in the spectral range 450 to 550 nm which is known as the spectral region known to be affected by scattering from amyloid aggregates in the retina. This study suggests that the inclusion of metrics related to the retinal vasculature and tissue‐related textures extracted from vessels and surrounding regions could improve the discrimination performance of the cerebral amyloid status.
The Ethical and Ecological Limits of Sustainability: A Decolonial Approach to Climate Change in Higher Education
Authors: Stein Sharon 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this article, I offer a decolonial critique of the ethical and ecological limits of mainstream sustainability efforts in higher education. In doing so, I identify colonialism as the primary cause of climate change, and the primary condition of possibility for modern higher education. I further suggest that the abiding failure to address the centrality of colonialism in both climate change and higher education is not a problem of ignorance that can be solved with more information, but rather a problem of denial that is rooted in enduring investments in the continuity of existing institutions and a modern-colonial ‘habit-of-being’ (Shotwell, 2016). I argue that in order to face the ethical and ecological impossibilities of making higher education institutions sustainable, we will need to set our horizons of hope beyond the promises that they offer.
Ventenata dubia’s native range and consideration of plant pathogens for biological control
Authors: Alomran Maryam , Newcombe George , Prather Timothy 
Published: October 2019

AbstractVentenata [Ventenata dubia (Leers) Coss.] is a nonindigenous, invasive grass in the inland Pacific Northwest (PNW) of the United States. It appears to be present in the PNW without any evidence of disease expression. Surveys of V. dubia in the PNW (Idaho, Montana, Oregon, and Washington) were entirely negative for fungi, including types of pathogens that might be expected in grasses (e.g., rust, powdery mildew, choke). In Europe, where V. dubia is native, fungi were documented (i.e., Septoria ventenatae Sandu, Tilletia fusca Ellis & Everh., and Tilletia elisabethae T. Denchev & Denchev) on V. dubia. In its native range there likely are natural enemies that may limit V. dubia abundance, and these may include fungal pathogens. Pathogens of V. dubia from its native range may hold potential for use as classical biological control agents in North America, and if deemed safe, could be introduced. To ascertain V. dubia’s native range, we compiled data from herbarium specimens, consulted with herbarium curators in the region, and searched relevant literature. We found that V. dubia primarily is reported in southern Europe and western Asia. Ventenata dubia has been reported only occasionally from North Africa in Algeria and Morocco. The common name “North Africa grass” likely originated from references to V. dubia in the 19th-century botanical explorations in Algeria of the French botanist, Ernest Cosson, who published the current scientific name based on a preexisting name in 1854. Another finding of interest is that the latitudinal range of collections from Europe and North Africa of V. dubia spans Tunisia to Finland. The plant may thus be adapted to a range of environments, indicating it could become more widely distributed in North America. Efforts to search its native range for pathogens should also consider the range of environmental conditions found within its native and introduced ranges.