bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ring‐Mold Craters on Ceres: Evidence for Shallow Subsurface Water Ice Sources
Authors: Krohn K. , Neesemann A. , Jaumann R. , Otto K. A. , Stephan K. , Wagner R. J. , Tosi F. , Zambon F. , Ruesch O. , Williams D. A. , Raymond C. A. , Russell C. T. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractOne of the main tasks of the Dawn mission is to characterize the potentially ice‐rich crust of the dwarf planet Ceres. Ongoing studies reveal morphological features related to ice‐rich material such as pits or particular landslides. Here we report the identification of ring‐mold craters within the huge impact crater Occator. The Cerean ring‐mold craters exhibit strong morphological similarities to the ring‐mold craters on Mars, where ice‐rich material is thought to be involved in such crater development. We discuss the occurrence of water ice reservoirs in the subsurface and assume that ice‐rich material likely plays an important role in the development of ring‐mold craters on Ceres. The occurrence of ring‐mold craters on the surface of Ceres is not only a sign of water ice reservoirs in the subsurface but can also be used for the study of habitable zones on planetary bodies.
Shallow Seismicity Forecast for the India‐Eurasia Collision Zone Based on Geodetic Strain Rates
Authors: Zheng Gang , Lou Yidong , Wang Hua , Geng Jianghui , Shi Chuang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractGeodetic strain rates from increasing Global Positioning System data provide a promising approach for seismicity forecast. With the strain rate field presented in Zheng et al. (2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JB014465) derived from the most complete and up‐to‐date Global Positioning System data set in the India‐Eurasia collision zone, we forecast the shallow seismicity of this region, and infer that about 11 Mw ≥ 7.5, 36 Mw ≥ 7.0, 109 Mw ≥ 6.5, and 326 Mw ≥ 6.0 earthquakes may occur here every 100 years. We indicate that shallow seismicity forecast may be able to help us distinguish between block and continuum models, and block model cannot well describe the kinematics of the Tibetan Plateau, Tien Shan, West Mongolia, North China, and Myanmar. We suggest that the regions with high forecasted earthquake rates but lack of historical earthquakes are undergoing high seismic risk, such as the west‐central Himalaya (overdue for Mw ≥ 7.5 earthquakes, possibly Mw ≥ 8.0) and the central Altyn Tagh fault (overdue for Mw ≥ 7.0 and Mw ≥ 7.5 earthquakes).
Nonthermal Limit of Monoenergetic Precipitation in the Auroral Acceleration Region
Authors: Hatch Spencer M. , Chaston Christopher C. , LaBelle James 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe report statistics from FAST satellite observations revealing the prevalence of nonthermal monoenergetic electron distributions within and below the auroral acceleration region (AAR), and over 21–24 magnetic local time. The energy spectra of intra‐AAR auroral primaries reveal a probability distribution of κ (“kappa”) values that is “piled up” against a lower bound,
2.45. The measurements are recorded in the lower reaches of the AAR, as determined from simultaneous upward ion beams, and are therefore unaffected by processes at lower altitudes that may alter auroral primary distributions. We show evidence that the κ values below the AAR tend to be greater than those within the AAR, which suggests that auroral primaries evolve toward thermal equilibrium as they move toward the ionosphere. Only for ∼4% of the reported events corresponding to κ≤κt does a kappa current density‐voltage relationship differ appreciably from the classical Maxwellian current density‐voltage relationship.
Forest‐Type‐Dependent Water Use Efficiency Trends Across the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Wang Mengjie , Chen Yunhao , Wu Xiuchen , Bai Yan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractChanging climate and increasing atmospheric CO2 significantly regulate forest water use efficiency (WUE). However, magnitudes of the WUE trends and underlying processes driving these patterns in two major forest types, deciduous broadleaf forests (DBFs) and evergreen needleleaf forests (ENFs), across the Northern Hemisphere remain poorly understood. We investigated the WUE trends over the past two decades using eddy covariance observations from 26 forest sites from the FLUXNET2015 data set. Our analyses revealed a greater increase in WUE in DBFs than that in ENFs. The decreased stomatal conductance (Gs) mostly contributed to the increase in WUE in the DBFs, whereas the increased gross ecosystem productivity acted as the main trigger for the increase in WUE in the ENFs. The vapor pressure deficit substantially increased in the DBFs, triggering the decrease in Gs. In contrast, the slight CO2 fertilization and the limited stomatal constraint contributed to the increased gross ecosystem productivity in the ENFs.
Sources of Uncertainty in the Meridional Pattern of Climate Change
Authors: Bonan D. B. , Armour K. C. , Roe G. H. , Siler N. , Feldl N. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe employ a moist energy balance model (MEBM), representing atmospheric heat transport as the diffusion of near‐surface moist static energy, to evaluate sources of uncertainty in the meridional pattern of surface warming. Given zonal mean patterns of radiative forcing, radiative feedbacks, and ocean heat uptake, the MEBM accurately predicts zonal mean warming as simulated by general circulation models under increased CO2. Over a wide range of latitudes, the MEBM captures approximately 90% of the variance in zonal mean warming across the general circulation models, with approximately 70% of the variance attributable to differences in radiative feedbacks alone. Partitioning the radiative feedbacks into individual components shows that the majority of the uncertainty in the meridional pattern of warming arises from uncertainty in cloud feedbacks. Isolating feedback uncertainty within specific regions demonstrates that tropical feedback uncertainty leads to surface warming uncertainty that is global and nearly uniform with latitude, whereas polar feedback uncertainty leads to surface warming uncertainty that is largely confined to the poles.
The Relative Influence of Atmospheric and Oceanic Model Resolution on the Circulation of the North Atlantic Ocean in a Coupled Climate Model
Authors: Sein Dmitry V. , Koldunov Nikolay V. , Danilov Sergey , Sidorenko Dmitry , Wekerle Claudia , Cabos William , Rackow Thomas , Scholz Patrick , Semmler Tido , Wang Qiang , Jung Thomas 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIt is often unclear how to optimally choose horizontal resolution for the oceanic and atmospheric components of coupled climate models, which has implications for their ability to make best use of available computational resources. Here we investigate the effect of using different combinations of horizontal resolutions in atmosphere and ocean on the simulated climate in a global coupled climate model (Alfred Wegener Institute Climate Model [AWI‐CM]). Particular attention is given to the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Four experiments with different combinations of relatively high and low resolutions in the ocean and atmosphere are conducted. We show that increases in atmospheric and oceanic resolution have clear impacts on the simulated AMOC, which are largely independent. Increased atmospheric resolution leads to a weaker AMOC. It also improves the simulated Gulf Stream separation; however, this is only the case if the ocean is locally eddy resolving and reacts to the improved atmosphere. We argue that our results can be explained by reduced mean winds caused by higher cyclone activity. Increased resolution of the ocean affects the AMOC in several ways, thereby locally increasing or reducing the AMOC. The finer topography (and reduced dissipation) in the vicinity of the Caribbean basin tends to locally increase the AMOC. However, there is a reduction in the AMOC around 45°N, which relates to the reduced mixed layer depth in the Labrador Sea in simulations with refined ocean and changes in the North Atlantic current pathway. Furthermore, the eddy‐induced changes in the Southern Ocean increase the strength of the deep cell.
The Role of Land Cover in the Propagation of Rainfall Into Streamflow Trends
Authors: Chagas V. B. P. , Chaffe P. L. B. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe replacement of natural forests with agriculture is generally associated with modifications in the hydrological behavior of a basin. This is particularly notable in the tropics and subtropics. Southern Brazil is a region with extensive agricultural production, forest conservation, and a vast unexplored streamflow data despite substantial rainfall trends observed in recent decades. In this work, we explore trends in the streamflow regime in the majority of the monitored basins in Southern Brazil. Additionally, we evaluate if pristine forested basins and agricultural nonforested basins have significantly different streamflow responses to changes in rainfall. We analyzed annual averages, maxima, minima, and seasonality of a 36‐year data set (1975–2010) of 675 rainfall and 140 streamflow gauges. Results reveal that large trends are widespread in Southern Brazil, especially in basins with areas smaller than 10,000 km2. Changes in the rainfall regime did not directly translate into changes in the streamflow regime. Changes in the annual maximum flow of forested basins were not statistically significant even when the annual average and maximum rainfall increased significantly. Correlations between changes in rainfall and streamflow for two indices, namely, duration of low‐magnitude events and seasonality, were statistically significant (p < 0.05) only for agricultural basins. The results indicate a higher propagation of hydrological changes through anthropogenically modified systems, providing evidence that agricultural basins are more sensitive to changes in the rainfall regime.
Lithium as a disease-modifying agent for prion diseases
Authors: Relaño-Ginés A. , Lehmann S. , Brillaud E. , Belondrade M. , Casanova D. , Hamela C. , Vincent C. , Poupeau S. , Sarniguet J. , Alvarez T. , Arnaud J. D. , Maurel J. C. , Crozet C. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPrion diseases still remain incurable despite multiple efforts to develop a treatment. Therefore, it is important to find strategies to at least reduce the symptoms. Lithium has been considered as a neuroprotective agent for years, and the objective of this preclinical study was to evaluate the efficacy of lithium delivered as a water-in-oil microemulsion (Aonys®). This delivery system allows using low doses of lithium and to avoid the toxicity observed in chronic treatments. C57BL/6J mice were intracranially inoculated with ME7 prion-infected brain homogenates and then were treated with lithium from day 90 post inoculation until their death. Lithium was administered at traditional doses (16 mg/kg/day) by the gavage route and at lower doses (40 or 160 µg/kg/day; Aonys®) by the rectal mucosa route. Low doses of lithium (Aonys®) improved the survival of prion-inoculated mice, and also decreased vacuolization, astrogliosis, and neuronal loss compared with controls (vehicle alone). The extent of the protective effects in mice treated with low-dose lithium was comparable or even higher than what was observed in mice that received lithium at the traditional dose. These results indicate that lithium administered using this innovative delivery system could represent a potential therapeutic approach not only for prion diseases but also for other neurodegenerative diseases.
Efficient and scalable synthesis of highly aligned and compact two-dimensional nanosheet films with record performances
Authors: Zhong Jing , Sun Wei , Wei Qinwei , Qian Xitang , Cheng Hui-Ming , Ren Wencai 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIt is crucial to align two-dimensional nanosheets to form a highly compact layered structure for many applications, such as electronics, optoelectronics, thermal management, energy storage, separation membranes, and composites. Here we show that continuous centrifugal casting is a universal, scalable and efficient method to produce highly aligned and compact two-dimensional nanosheets films with record performances. The synthesis mechanism, structure control and property dependence of alignment and compaction of the films are discussed. Significantly, 10-μm-thick graphene oxide films can be synthesized within 1 min, and scalable synthesis of meter-scale films is demonstrated. The reduced graphene oxide films show super-high strength (~660 MPa) and conductivity (~650 S cm−1). The reduced graphene oxide/carbon nanotube hybrid-film-based all-solid-state flexible supercapacitors exhibit ultrahigh volumetric capacitance (407 F cm−3) and energy density (~10 mWh cm−3) comparable to that of thin-film lithium batteries. We also demonstrate the production of highly anisotropic graphene nanocomposites as well as aligned, compact films and vertical heterostructures of various nanosheets.
Loss of Wwox drives metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer by JAK2/STAT3 axis
Authors: Chang Renxu , Song Lele , Xu Yi , Wu Yanjun , Dai Cheng , Wang Xinyu , Sun Xia , Hou Yingyong , Li Wei , Zhan Xianbao , Zhan Lixing 
Published: August 2018

AbstractLoss of WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (Wwox) expression has been observed in breast cancer (BC). However, its regulatory effects are largely unknown, especially in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Herein, gene expression profiling revealed that JAK/STAT3 pathway was one of the most differentially modulated pathways in basal-like BC cells. The lower expression of Wwox was significantly correlated with high activation of STAT3 in basal-like cells and TNBC tissues. Overexpression of Wwox markedly inhibited proliferation and metastasis of BC cells by suppressing STAT3 activation, which is to interact with JAK2 to inhibit JAK2 and STAT3 phosphorylation. Furthermore, Wwox limited STAT3 binding to the interleukin-6 promoter, repressing expression of the IL-6 cytokine. Altogether, our data established that Wwox suppresses BC cell metastasis and proliferation by JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Targeting of Wwox with STAT3 could offer a promising therapeutic strategy for TNBC.
Solar superstorm of AD 774 recorded subannually by Arctic tree rings
Authors: Uusitalo J. , Arppe L. , Hackman T. , Helama S. , Kovaltsov G. , Mielikäinen K. , Mäkinen H. , Nöjd P. , Palonen V. , Usoskin I. , Oinonen M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRecently, a rapid increase in radiocarbon (14C) was observed in Japanese tree rings at AD 774/775. Various explanations for the anomaly have been offered, such as a supernova, a γ-ray burst, a cometary impact, or an exceptionally large Solar Particle Event (SPE). However, evidence of the origin and exact timing of the event remains incomplete. In particular, a key issue of latitudinal dependence of the 14C intensity has not been addressed yet. Here, we show that the event was most likely caused by the Sun and occurred during the spring of AD 774. Particularly, the event intensities from various locations show a strong correlation with the latitude, demonstrating a particle-induced 14C poleward increase, in accord with the solar origin of the event. Furthermore, both annual 14C data and carbon cycle modelling, and separate earlywood and latewood 14C measurements, confine the photosynthetic carbon fixation to around the midsummer.
TBC1d24-ephrinB2 interaction regulates contact inhibition of locomotion in neural crest cell migration
Authors: Yoon Jaeho , Hwang Yoo-Seok , Lee Moonsup , Sun Jian , Cho Hee Jun , Knapik Laura , Daar Ira O. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAlthough Eph-ephrin signalling has been implicated in the migration of cranial neural crest (CNC) cells, it is still unclear how ephrinB transduces signals regulating this event. We provide evidence that TBC1d24, a putative Rab35-GTPase activating protein (Rab35 GAP), complexes with ephrinB2 via the scaffold Dishevelled (Dsh) and mediates a signal affecting contact inhibition of locomotion (CIL) in CNC cells. Moreover, we found that, in migrating CNC, the interaction between ephrinB2 and TBC1d24 negatively regulates E-cadherin recycling in these cells via Rab35. Upon engagement of the cognate Eph receptor, ephrinB2 is tyrosine phosphorylated, which disrupts the ephrinB2/Dsh/TBC1d24 complex. The dissolution of this complex leads to increasing E-cadherin levels at the plasma membrane, resulting in loss of CIL and disrupted CNC migration. Our results indicate that TBC1d24 is a critical player in ephrinB2 control of CNC cell migration via CIL.
CFP1 coordinates histone H3 lysine-4 trimethylation and meiotic cell cycle progression in mouse oocytes
Authors: Sha Qian-Qian , Dai Xing-Xing , Jiang Jun-Chao , Yu Chao , Jiang Yu , Liu Junping , Ou Xiang-Hong , Zhang Song-Ying , Fan Heng-Yu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTrimethylation of histone H3 on lysine-4 (H3K4me3) is associated with gene-regulatory elements, but its transcription-independent function in cell division is unclear. CxxC-finger protein-1 (CFP1) is a major mediator of H3K4 trimethylation in mouse oocytes. Here we report that oocyte-specific knockout of Cxxc1, inhibition of CFP1 function, or abrogation of H3K4 methylation in oocytes each causes a delay of meiotic resumption as well as metaphase I arrest owing to defective spindle assembly and chromosome misalignment. These phenomena are partially attributed to insufficient phosphorylation of histone H3 at threonine-3. CDK1 triggers cell division–coupled degradation and inhibitory phosphorylation of CFP1. Preventing CFP1 degradation and phosphorylation causes CFP1 accumulation on chromosomes and impairs meiotic maturation and preimplantation embryo development. Therefore, CFP1-mediated H3K4 trimethylation provides 3a permission signal for the G2–M transition. Dual inhibition of CFP1 removes the SETD1–CFP1 complex from chromatin and ensures appropriate chromosome configuration changes during meiosis and mitosis.
Finite momentum Cooper pairing in three-dimensional topological insulator Josephson junctions
Authors: Chen Angela Q. , Park Moon Jip , Gill Stephen T. , Xiao Yiran , Reig-i-Plessis Dalmau , MacDougall Gregory J. , Gilbert Matthew J. , Mason Nadya 
Published: August 2018

AbstractUnconventional superconductivity arising from the interplay between strong spin–orbit coupling and magnetism is an intensive area of research. One form of unconventional superconductivity arises when Cooper pairs subjected to a magnetic exchange coupling acquire a finite momentum. Here, we report on a signature of finite momentum Cooper pairing in the three-dimensional topological insulator Bi2Se3. We apply in-plane and out-of-plane magnetic fields to proximity-coupled Bi2Se3 and find that the in-plane field creates a spatially oscillating superconducting order parameter in the junction as evidenced by the emergence of an anomalous Fraunhofer pattern. We describe how the anomalous Fraunhofer patterns evolve for different device parameters, and we use this to understand the microscopic origin of the oscillating order parameter. The agreement between the experimental data and simulations shows that the finite momentum pairing originates from the coexistence of the Zeeman effect and Aharonov–Bohm flux.
AXER is an ATP/ADP exchanger in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum
Authors: Klein Marie-Christine , Zimmermann Katharina , Schorr Stefan , Landini Martina , Klemens Patrick A. W. , Altensell Jacqueline , Jung Martin , Krause Elmar , Nguyen Duy , Helms Volkhard , Rettig Jens , Fecher-Trost Claudia , Cavalié Adolfo , Hoth Markus , Bogeski Ivan , Neuhaus H. Ekkehard , Zimmermann Richard , Lang Sven , Haferkamp Ilka 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTo fulfill its role in protein biogenesis, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) depends on the Hsp70-type molecular chaperone BiP, which requires a constant ATP supply. However, the carrier that catalyzes ATP uptake into the ER was unknown. Here, we report that our screen of gene expression datasets for member(s) of the family of solute carriers that are co-expressed with BiP and are ER membrane proteins identifies SLC35B1 as a potential candidate. Heterologous expression of SLC35B1 in E. coli reveals that SLC35B1 is highly specific for ATP and ADP and acts in antiport mode. Moreover, depletion of SLC35B1 from HeLa cells reduces ER ATP levels and, as a consequence, BiP activity. Thus, human SLC35B1 may provide ATP to the ER and was named AXER (ATP/ADP exchanger in the ER membrane). Furthermore, we propose an ER to cytosol low energy response regulatory axis (termed lowER) that appears as central for maintaining ER ATP supply.
Core community structure recovery and phase transition detection in temporally evolving networks
Authors: Bao Wei , Michailidis George 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCommunity detection in time series networks represents a timely and significant research topic due to its applications in a broad range of scientific fields, including biology, social sciences and engineering. In this work, we introduce methodology to address this problem, based on a decomposition of the network adjacency matrices into low-rank components that capture the community structure and sparse & dense noise perturbation components. It is further assumed that the low-rank structure exhibits sharp changes (phase transitions) at certain epochs that our methodology successfully detects and identifies. The latter is achieved by averaging the low-rank component over time windows, which in turn enables us to precisely select the correct rank and monitor its evolution over time and thus identify the phase transition epochs. The methodology is illustrated on both synthetic networks generated by various network formation models, as well as the Kuramoto model of coupled oscillators and on real data reflecting the US Senate’s voting record from 1979–2014. In the latter application, we identify that party polarization exhibited a sharp change and increased after 1993, a finding broadly concordant with the political science literature on the subject.
Decomposing litter and associated microbial activity responses to nitrogen deposition in two subtropical forests containing nitrogen-fixing or non-nitrogen-fixing tree species
Authors: Zhou Guixiang , Zhang Jiabao , Qiu Xiuwen , Wei Feng , Xu Xiaofeng 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAtmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has caused concern due to its effects on litter decomposition in subtropical regions where N-fixing tree species are widespread. However, the effect of N deposition on litter decomposition in N-fixing plantations remains unclear. We investigated the effects of a 2-year N deposition treatment on litter decomposition, microbial activity, and nutrient release in two subtropical forests containing Alnus cremastogyne (AC, N-fixing) and Liquidambar formosana (LF, non-N-fixing). The decomposition rate in AC was faster than in LF when there was no experimental N deposition. In AC, the initial decomposition rate was faster when additional N was applied and was strongly linked to higher cellulose-degrading enzyme activities during the early decomposition stage. However, N deposition reduced litter decomposition and inhibited lignin-degrading enzyme activities during the later decomposition stage. Nitrogen deposition enhanced carbohydrate and alcohol utilization, but suppressed amino acid and carboxylic acid uptake in the AC plantation. However, it did not significantly affect litter decomposition and microbial activity in the LF plantation. In conclusion, N deposition could inhibit litter decomposition by changing microbial enzyme and metabolic activities during the decomposition process and would increase carbon accumulation and nitrogen retention in subtropical forests with N-fixing tree species.