bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Holocene paleodepositional changes reflected in the sedimentary microbiome of the Black Sea
Authors: More Kuldeep D. , Giosan Liviu , Grice Kliti , Coolen Marco J. L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSubsurface microbial communities are generally thought to be structured through in situ environmental conditions such as the availability of electron acceptors and donors and porosity, but recent studies suggest that the vertical distribution of a subset of subseafloor microbial taxa, which were present at the time of deposition, were selected by the paleodepositional environment. However, additional highly resolved temporal records of subsurface microbiomes and paired paleoenvironmental reconstructions are needed to justify this claim. Here, we performed a highly resolved shotgun metagenomics survey to study the taxonomic and functional diversity of the subsurface microbiome in Holocene sediments underlying the permanently stratified and anoxic Black Sea. Obligate aerobic bacteria made the largest contribution to the observed shifts in microbial communities associated with known Holocene climate stages and transitions. This suggests that the aerobic fraction of the subseafloor microbiome was seeded from the water column and did not undergo post‐depositional selection. In contrast, obligate and facultative anaerobic bacteria showed the most significant response to the establishment of modern‐day environmental conditions 5.2 ka ago that led to a major shift in planktonic communities and in the type of sequestered organic matter available for microbial degradation. No significant shift in the subseafloor microbiome was observed as a result of environmental changes that occurred shortly after the marine reconnection, 9 ka ago. This supports the general view that the marine reconnection was a gradual process. We conclude that a high‐resolution analysis of downcore changes in the subseafloor microbiome can provide detailed insights into paleoenvironmental conditions and biogeochemical processes that occurred at the time of deposition.
Specific job search self‐efficacy beliefs and behaviors of unemployed ethnic minority women
Authors: Van Hoye Greet , Van Hooft Edwin A. J. , Stremersch Jolien , Lievens Filip 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis two‐wave field study draws from social cognitive theory to investigate the specific job search self‐efficacy beliefs and behaviors of unemployed ethnic minority women in the Netherlands. We go beyond prior job search research that predominantly used white samples and conceptualized job search self‐efficacy and behavior as global, unidimensional constructs. We found that networking self‐efficacy and Internet self‐efficacy were the main predictors of ethnic minority women’s job search behaviors. Moreover, the more time they spent on contacting employment agencies and looking at job ads the more job offers they received. Finally, time spent on job ads was more positively related to job offers when job ad self‐efficacy was high and time spent on networking only predicted job offers when networking self‐efficacy was high.
Predicting innovative performance through proactive personality: Examining its criterion validity and incremental validity over the five‐factor model
Authors: Rodrigues Nuno , Rebelo Teresa 
Published: March 2019

AbstractInnovation has emerged as a key work outcome for modern organizations. The present paper answers recent calls from several researchers for further empirical research on the validity of personality variables for predicting individual innovative performance. More specifically, it is focused on the validity of proactive personality. Using a sample of 170 software engineers and their direct supervisors from a multinational information technology firm, we found that this individual disposition represents a valid and meaningful predictor of individual innovative performance, when assessed through supervisor ratings. Further analyses have also shown that proactive personality remains a significant predictor of this criterion, when the big five factors of personality are taken into account. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are presented and discussed.
Infant Behavior and Competence Following Prenatal Exposure to a Natural Disaster: The QF2011 Queensland Flood Study
Authors: Lequertier Belinda , Simcock Gabrielle , Cobham Vanessa E. , Kildea Sue , King Suzanne 
Published: March 2019

This study utilized a natural disaster to investigate the effects of prenatal maternal stress (PNMS) arising from exposure to a severe flood on maternally reported infant social–emotional and behavioral outcomes at 16 months, along with potential moderation by infant sex and gestational timing of flood exposure. Women pregnant during the Queensland floods in January 2011 completed measures of flood‐related objective hardship and posttraumatic stress (PTS). At 16 months postpartum, mothers completed measures describing depressive symptoms and infant social–emotional and behavioral problems (n = 123) and competence (n = 125). Greater maternal PTS symptoms were associated with reduced infant competence. A sex difference in infant behavioral problems emerged at higher levels of maternal objective hardship and PTS; boys had significantly more behavioral problems than girls. Additionally, greater PTS was associated with more behavioral problems in boys; however, this effect was attenuated by adjustment for maternal depressive symptoms. No main effects or interactions with gestational timing were found. Findings highlight specificity in the relationships between PNMS components and infant outcomes and demonstrate that the effects of PNMS exposure on behavior may be evident as early as infancy. Implications for the support of families exposed to a natural disaster during pregnancy are discussed.
Accounting for geographical variance in the union satisfaction gap
Authors: Bryson Alex , Davies Rhys 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEvidence of spatial variance in the relationship between trade union membership and job satisfaction is limited. Using three nationally representative data sets, we examine lower levels of satisfaction among union members and considers how this relationship varies geographically across the nations and regions of Great Britain. The analysis demonstrates that the union satisfaction gap can largely be accounted for by relative characteristics of union members and the jobs that they hold. However, there is evidence of geographical variance. The union satisfaction gap is generally found to be highest within Scotland and North of England. Despite high levels of union membership, evidence of a union satisfaction gap in Wales is relatively weak. These differences relate to differences in the perceptions of industrial relations among employees across these areas, which appear to be related to geographical variance in worker heterogeneity.
Trust in sharing encounters among millennials
Authors: Mittendorf Christoph , Berente Nicholas , Holten Roland 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe sharing economy is a defining feature of the millennial generation. We report on a study of 1047 millennials and find that trust has more of an impact on their willingness to engage in some sharing encounters than in others. In particular, trust matters more in high‐dimensionality sharing encounters—those encounters that have a longer duration, require a greater financial investment, involve more social interaction, etc. Further, it is important to note that all sharing encounters take place through two‐sided intermediary platforms, and we find that the role of trust among the different types of sharing partners is not symmetrical across the two sides. Trust in the intermediary platform matters more to customers than to service providers in their willingness to engage in service encounters. Overall, this research contributes to existing literature by developing the notion of a service encounter and associated dimensionality and by demonstrating that service encounter dimensionality affects the importance of trust in the sharing economy. Also, we show how trust matters differently for different sides of two‐sided sharing platforms. Finally, this research focuses squarely on understanding the behaviours of millennials—the generation important to the sharing economy.
Novel design of alumina foams with three‐dimensional reticular architecture for effective high‐temperature particulate matter capture
Authors: Liu Jingjing , Ren Bo , Chen Yugu , Lu Yuju , Zhang Shuhao , Rong Yedong , Yang Jinlong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCeramic foams with extensive interconnected pores have great application potential in high‐temperature particulate matter (PM) capture. Considering that there are still challenges to synthesize ceramic foams with efficient filtration, a novel hierarchical‐structured alumina foam with three‐dimensional (3D) reticular architecture has been fabricated via combining chemical grafting pore‐forming agent and polyurethane (PU) foaming technology. Carbon black is grafted with carbamate functional groups in order to enable a better dispersion in highly viscous PU. Submicrometer and micrometer‐sized pores on the cell walls are observed in hierarchical‐structured ceramic foams. The resulting alumina foam exhibits 95.2% removal efficiency for PM particles and low pressure drop of only 50 Pa when grafted carbon black content is 3 wt%. This filtration performance is much higher than that of existing ceramic materials. These features, combined with our experimental design strategy, provide a new insight to design high‐temperature PM filtration materials with durable high performance.
E‐cadherin expression is associated with somatostatin analogue response in acromegaly
Authors: Venegas‐Moreno Eva , Flores‐Martinez Alvaro , Dios Elena , Vazquez‐Borrego Mari C. , Ibañez‐Costa Alejandro , Madrazo‐Atutxa Ainara , Japón Miguel A. , Castaño Justo P. , Luque Raúl M. , Cano David A. , Soto‐Moreno Alfonso 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAcromegaly is a rare disease resulting from hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH) and insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF1) typically caused by pituitary adenomas, which is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Somatostatin analogues (SSAs) represent the primary medical therapy for acromegaly and are currently used as first‐line treatment or as second‐line therapy after unsuccessful pituitary surgery. However, a considerable proportion of patients do not adequately respond to SSAs treatment, and therefore, there is an urgent need to identify biomarkers predictors of response to SSAs. The aim of this study was to examine E‐cadherin expression by immunohistochemistry in fifty‐five GH‐producing pituitary tumours and determine the potential association with response to SSAs as well as other clinical and histopathological features. Acromegaly patients with tumours expressing low E‐cadherin levels exhibit a worse response to SSAs. E‐cadherin levels are associated with GH‐producing tumour histological subtypes. Our results indicate that the immunohistochemical detection of E‐cadherin might be useful in categorizing acromegaly patients based on the response to SSAs.
Synergistic effects of HSE and LTR elements from hsp70 gene promoter of Ulva prolifera (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta) upon temperature induction1
Authors: Wu Chunhui , Zheng Caiyun , Ji Gengsheng , Jiang Peng 
Published: March 2019

Besides heat stress, the 70 kDa heat shock proteins (HSP70s) have been shown to respond to cold stress. However, the involved cis‐acting elements remain unknown. The hsp70 gene from the green macroalga Ulva prolifera (Uphsp70) has been cloned, from which one heat shock element HSE and one low‐temperature‐responsive element LTR were found in the promoter. Using the established transient expression system and quantitative GUS assay, a series of element deletion experiments were performed to determine the functions of HSE and LTR in response to temperature stress. The results showed that under cold stress, both HSE and LTR were indispensable, since deletion leads to complete loss of promoter activity. Under heat stress, although the HSE could respond independently, coexistence with LTR was essential for high induced activity of the Uphsp70 promoter. Therefore, synergistic effects exist between HSE and LTR elements in response to temperature stress in Ulva, and extensive bioinformatics analysis showed that the mechanism is widespread in algae and plants, since LTR coexists widely with HSE in the promoter region of hsp70. Our findings provide important supplements to the knowledge of algal and plant HSP70s response to temperature stress. We speculated that for algal domestication and artificial breeding, HSE and LTR elements might serve as potential molecular targets to temperature acclimation.
The relative contributions of functional diversity and functional identity to ecosystem function in water‐limited environments
Authors: Dovrat Guy , Meron Ehud , Shachak Moshe , Golodets Carly , Osem Yagil 
Published: March 2019

AbstractQuestionsTwo central pathways have been proposed to dictate the relationship between community structure and ecosystem function: the “diversity effect” — trait variation allowing complementary resource use, and the “mass ratio effect” — ecosystem function determined overwhelmingly by the functional traits of the dominant species which shape the “functional identity”, i.e., community‐weighted mean trait values. However, the distinct effect of each pathway on ecosystem function is difficult to determine as they are complementary and shaped by environmental heterogeneity. We examined the distinct effects of functional diversity (FD) and identity (FI) on water consumption and use efficiency (WUE), vegetative and reproductive biomass production and reorganization capacity under variable water availability.MethodsEight semiarid annual plant species, varying in natural size range, were grown in different assemblages representing various levels of FD and FI. Assemblages were based on species potential growth rate (PGR) and grown under two water availability levels. We measured total biomass, seed biomass, root to shoot ratio and water consumption.ResultsFD had a distinct positive effect on water consumption, total biomass and seed production but not on WUE. Mean PGR (FI) had a distinct positive effect on water consumption and total biomass production, but a negative effect on WUE and seed production. FD and FI had no clear effects on reorganization capacity or stability in total biomass production in response to decreased water availability.ConclusionsWe present the discrete contributions of FD and FI to ecosystem function. The positive effect of FD on biomass production reflects better exploitation of the growing space and reduced competition through greater size diversity, emphasizing the importance of interplant interactions and differentiation for enhancing ecosystem function. The positive effect of FI on biomass production reflects the higher performance of high PGR species, albeit at the expense of WUE and seed production resulting from higher competition.
Measurement of novel intestinal secretory and barrier pathways and effects of proteases
Authors: Edwinson Adam L. , Grover Madhusudan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe epithelial lining of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in conjunction with the enteric nervous system (ENS) plays an important role in mediating solute absorption and secretion. A dysregulated ionic movement across the epithelium can result in GI diseases that manifest as either watery diarrhea or constipation. Hirschsprung disease is an example of an ENS disorder characterized by absence of enteric ganglia in distal gut resulting in obstructive phenotype. Receptor rearranged during transfection (RET) gene variants are the most commonly recognized genetic associations with Hirschsprung disease. In this issue of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, Russell et al demonstrate that RET mediates colonic ion transport through modulation of cholinergic nerves. They go on to show inhibition of RET can attenuate accelerated transit in a rat model. Normalizing secretory and absorptive defects has been an attractive therapeutic strategy. In addition to the intrinsic regulation of secretory processes, luminal mediators like bile acids, short‐chain fatty acids, and proteases can affect both secretion and barrier function of the intestinal epithelium. Elevated levels of proteases have been identified in a wide range of GI diseases including irritable bowel syndrome. Proteases are known to cause visceral hypersensitivity and barrier disruption in vitro and in animal models. The goals of this review are to describe fundamental concepts related to intestinal epithelial secretion, the utility of Ussing chambers to measure ionic mechanisms and to discuss examples of novel signaling pathways; namely the RET signaling cascade in secretomotor neurons and effects of luminal proteases on barrier and ionic secretion.
Plant species abundance and phylogeny explain the structure of recruitment networks
Authors: Alcántara Julio M. , Garrido José L. , Rey Pedro J. 
Published: March 2019

Summary

Established plants can affect the recruitment of young plants, filtering out some and allowing the recruitment of others, with profound effects on plant community dynamics. Recruitment networks (RNs) depict which species recruit under which others. We investigated whether species abundance and phylogenetic distance explain the structure of RNs across communities.

We estimated the frequency of canopy–recruit interactions among woody plants in 10 forest assemblages to describe their RNs. For each RN, we determined the functional form (linear, power or exponential) best describing the relationship of interaction frequency with three predictors: canopy species abundance, recruit species abundance and phylogenetic distance. We fitted models with all combinations of predictor variables, from which we simulated RNs.

The best functional form of each predictor was the same in most communities (linear for canopy species abundance, power for recruit species abundance and exponential for phylogenetic distance). The model including all predictor variables was consistently the best in explaining interaction frequency and showed the best performance in predicting RN structure.

Our results suggest that mechanisms related to species abundance are necessary but insufficient to explain the assembly of RNs. Evolutionary processes affecting phylogenetic divergence are critical determinants of RN structure.
Trading on the arbuscular mycorrhiza market: from arbuscules to common mycorrhizal networks
Authors: Wipf Daniel , Krajinski Franziska , van Tuinen Diederik , Recorbet Ghislaine , Courty Pierre‐Emmanuel 
Published: March 2019

SummaryArbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) symbiosis occurs between obligate biotrophic fungi of the phylum Glomeromycota and most land plants. The exchange of nutrients between host plants and AM fungi (AMF) is presumed to be the main benefit for the two symbiotic partners. In this review article, we outline the current concepts of nutrient exchanges within this symbiosis (mechanisms and regulation). First, we focus on phosphorus and nitrogen transfer from the fungal partner to the host plant, and on the reciprocal transfer of carbon compounds, with a highlight on a possible interplay between nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition during AM symbiosis. We further discuss potential mechanisms of regulation of these nutrient exchanges linked to membrane dynamics. The review finally addresses the common mycorrhizal networks formed AMF, which interconnect plants from similar and/or different species. Finally the best way to integrate this knowledge and the ensuing potential benefits of AM into sustainable agriculture is discussed.
Systematics and macroevolution of extant and fossil scalopine moles (Mammalia, Talpidae)
Authors: Schwermann Achim H. , He Kai , Peters Benjamin J. , Plogschties Thorsten , Sansalone Gabriele 
Published: March 2019

AbstractScalopini is one of the two fully fossorial mole tribes in the family Talpidae, with remarkable adaptations to subterranean lifestyles. Most living Scalopini species are distributed in North America while a sole species occurs in China. On the other hand, scalopine fossils are found in both Eurasia and North America from upper Oligocene strata onwards, implying a complex biogeographical history. The systematic relationships of both extant and fossil Scalopini across North America and Eurasia are revised by conducting phylogenetic analyses using a comprehensive morphological character matrix together with 2D geometric–morphometric analyses of the humeral shape, with a specific emphasis onMioscalops, a genus commonly found in North America and formerly known asScalopoides. Our phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly of the tribe Scalopini as well as a proposed two‐subtribe‐division scenario of Scalopini (i.e. Scalopina and Parascalopina), althoughProscapanuscould not be assigned to either subgenus. Our geometric–morphometric analyses indicate that the EuropeanMioscalopsfrom southern Germany should be allocated toLeptoscaptor, which in turn implies thatMioscalopsmay be endemic to North America and never arrived in Europe. Examination of biogeographical patterns does not unambiguously determine the geographical origin of Scalopini. Nevertheless, it does support multiple transcontinental colonization events across Asia, Europe and North America.Scapanulus oweni, distributed in central China, is the only remaining representative of one of those out‐of‐North‐America migrations, whereas scalopine moles are common in North America nowadays with up to five species.
Classifying Industries into Types of Relative Concentration
Authors: Auer Ludwig , Stepanyan Andranik , Trede Mark 
Published: March 2019

SummaryExisting measures of relative concentration rank industries according to their degree of concentration. However, two equally strongly concentrated industries can have completely different types of concentration. Therefore, the paper proposes a new statistical approach that classifies each industry into one of six different geographical patterns, five of which represent different types of concentration, ranging from urban concentration to strongly rural concentration. The statistical identification of each industry's geographical pattern is based on two Goodman–Kruskal rank correlation coefficients. The power of this new approach is illustrated by using German employment data on 613 different industries in 412 regions.
Foreign competition and quality sorting: Overlaps in US and Chinese exports
Authors: Mau Karsten 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe paper studies the performance of US exports conditional on presence and magnitude of Chinese exports in the same foreign markets. Outcomes within product—destination markets are analysed in a panel covering 4,219 products, 67 destinations and 11 years (1996–2006). Generally, an increasing exposure to Chinese export competition is related with lower US export revenues, quantity and market shares. Robustness checks support existence and direction of a causal relationship. Other outcomes, such as product switching, market exit and export unit value adjustments are less clear‐cut. Detailed analyses of responses in individual destinations and product categories suggest that this is, partly, because Chinese and US exports compete only in some markets. In product markets where lower US export quantity coincides with adjustments of export unit value, quality sorting appears to be prevalent. In some cases, however, lower export unit values appear to help export quantities remain unchanged. Overall, the average estimated displacement effects obtained from a pooled sample mask substantial panel‐unit heterogeneity.