bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Davidbrownite-(NH4), (NH4,K)5(V4+O)2(C2O4)[PO2.75(OH)1.25]4·3H2O, a new phosphate–oxalate mineral from the Rowley mine, Arizona, USA
Authors: Kampf Anthony R. , Cooper Mark A. , Rossman George R. , Nash Barbara P. , Hawthorne Frank. C. , Marty Joe 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDavidbrownite-(NH4), (NH4,K)5(V4+O)2(C2O4)[PO2.75(OH)1.25]4·3H2O, is a new mineral species from the Rowley mine, Maricopa County, Arizona, USA. It occurs in an unusual bat-guano-related, post-mining assemblage of phases that include a variety of vanadates, phosphates, oxalates and chlorides, some containing NH4+. Other secondary minerals found in association with davidbrownite-(NH4) are antipinite, fluorite, mimetite, mottramite, quartz, rowleyite, salammoniac, struvite, vanadinite, willemite and wulfenite. Crystals of davidbrownite-(NH4) are light green–blue needles or narrow blades up to ~0.2 mm long. The streak is white, the lustre is vitreous, Mohs hardness isca. 2, tenacity is brittle and fracture is splintery. There are two good cleavages in the [010] zone, probably {100} and {001}. The measured density is 2.12(2) g cm–3. Davidbrownite-(NH4) is optically biaxial (+) with α = 1.540(2), β = 1.550(5) and γ = 1.582(2) (white light); 2V = 58.5(5)°; moderater>vdispersion; and orientationZ=bandY≈a. Pleochroism:X= pale blue,Y= nearly colourless,Z= light blue; andY<X < Z. Electron microprobe analysis gave the empirical formula [(NH4)3.11K1.73Na0.09]Σ4.93[(V4+1.92Mg0.01Al0.02)Σ1.95O2](C2O4) [(P3.94As0.12)Σ4.06O10.94(OH)5.06]·3H2O, with the C and H content provided by the crystal structure. Raman and infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of NH4and C2O4. Davidbrownite-(NH4) is monoclinic,P21/c, witha= 10.356(6),b= 8.923(5),c= 13.486(7) Å, β = 92.618(9)°,V= 1244.9(12) Å3andZ= 2. The crystal structure of davidbrownite-(NH4) (R1= 0.0524 for 2062Io> 2σIreflections) consists of a chain structural unit with the formula {(V4+O)2(C2O4)[PO2.75(OH)1.25]4}5–, and a disordered interstitial complex containing five large monovalent cations (NH4+and K+) and three H2O groups pfu. Strong hydrogen bonds form links within and between the chains.
Characterization of Arbuckle-basement wastewater disposal system, Payne County, Northern Oklahoma
Authors: Machado Gabriel L. , Hickman Garrett J. , Gogri Maulin P. , Marfurt Kurt J. , Pranter Matthew J. , Reza Zulfiquar A. 
Published: September 2019

Over the past eight years, north-central Oklahoma has experienced a significant increase in seismicity. Although the disposal of large volumes of wastewater into the Arbuckle Group basement system has been statistically correlated to this increased seismicity, our understanding of the actual mechanisms involved is somewhat superficial. To address this shortcoming, we initiated an integrated study to characterize and model the Arbuckle-basement system to increase our understanding of the subsurface dynamics during the wastewater-disposal process. We constructed a 3D geologic model that integrates 3D seismic data, well logs, core measurements, and injection data. Poststack-data conditioning and seismic attributes provided images of faults and the rugose top of the basement, whereas a modified-Hall analysis provided insights into the injection behavior of the wells. Using a Pareto-based history-matching technique, we calibrated the 3D models using the injection rate and pressure data. The history-matching process showed the dominant parameters to be formation-water properties, permeability, porosity, and horizontal anisotropy of the Arbuckle Group. Based on the pressure buildup responses from the calibrated models, we identified sealing and conductive characteristics of the key faults. Our analysis indicates the average porosity and permeability of Arbuckle Group to be approximately 7% and 10 mD, respectively. The simulation models also showed pockets of nonuniform and large pressure buildups in these formations, indicating that faults play an important role in fluid movement within the Arbuckle Group basement system. As one of the first integrated investigations conducted to understand the potential hydraulic coupling between the Arbuckle Group and the underlying basement, we evaluate the need for improved data recording and additional data collection. In particular, we recommend that operators wishing to pursue this type of analysis record their injection data on a daily rather than on an averaged basis. A more quantitative estimation of reservoir properties requires the acquisition of P-wave and dipole sonic logs in addition to the commonly acquired triple-combo logs. Finally, to better quantify flow units with the disposal reservoir, we recommend that operators acquire sufficient core to characterize the reservoir heterogeneity.
Pathology Services in Nigeria: Cross-Sectional Survey Results From Three Cancer Consortia
Authors: Ntiamoah Peter , Monu Ngozi R. , Abdulkareem Fatimah B. , Adeniji Kayode A. , Obafunwa John O. , Komolafe Akinwumi O. , Yates Clayton , Kaninjing Ernest , Carpten John D. , Salhia Bodour , Odedina Folake T. , Edelweiss Marcia , Kingham T. Peter , Alatise Olusegun I. 
Published: September 2019

PURPOSECancer incidence is increasing in sub-Saharan Africa, yet there is little information on the capacity of pathology laboratories in this region. We aimed to assess the current state of pathology services in Nigeria to guide strategies to ensure best practices and improve the quality of surgical specimen handling.METHODSWe developed structured pathology survey to assess tissue handling, sample processing, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) capabilities. The survey was distributed electronically to 22 medical centers in Nigeria that are part of established cancer consortia. Data were collected between September and October 2017.RESULTSSixteen of 22 centers completed the survey in full. All 16 institutions had at least one board-certified pathologist and at least one full-time laboratory scientist/technologist. The majority of responding institutions (75%) reported processing fewer than 3,000 samples per year. For sample processing, 38% of institutions reported manual tissue processing and 75% processed biopsies and surgical specimens together. The average tissue fixation time ranged from 5 to more than 72 hours before processing and paraffin embedding. Half of the institutions reported having no quality assurance processes to evaluate hematoxylin and eosin–stained slides, and 25% reported having no written operating procedures. Half of the participating institutions have a facility for routine IHC staining, and among these there was considerable variability in processes and validation procedures. External proficiency testing was not common among surveyed sites (38%).CONCLUSIONData from 16 Nigerian medical institutions indicate deficiencies in standardization, quality control, and IHC validation that could affect the reliability of pathology results. These findings highlight addressable gaps in pathology services that can ensure accurate diagnosis and follow-up for the growing number of patients with cancer in this region.
Conversion Chemotherapy With a Modified FLOX Regimen for Borderline or Unresectable Liver Metastases From Colorectal Cancer: An Alternative for Limited-Resources Settings
Authors: Bonadio Renata Colombo , Amor Divino Paulo Henrique , Obando Jorge Santiago Madero , Lima Karolina Cayres Alvino , Recchimuzzi Débora Zachello , Kruger Jaime Arthur Pirola , Saragiotto Daniel Fernandes , Capareli Fernanda C. , Hoff Paulo M. 
Published: September 2019

PURPOSE Conversion chemotherapy is often used for borderline or unresectable (B/U) liver metastases from colorectal cancer (CRC) with the aim of achieving resectability. Although intensive and costly regimens are often used, the best regimen in this scenario remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the outcomes of patients with B/U liver metastases from CRC treated with conversion chemotherapy with the modified fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (mFLOX) regimen followed by metastasectomy. METHODS We performed a single-center retrospective analysis of patients with B/U liver metastases from CRC treated with chemotherapy with the mFLOX regimen followed by surgery. B/U disease was defined as at least one of the following: more than four lesions, involvement of hepatic artery or portal vein, or involvement of biliary structure. RESULTS Fifty-four consecutive patients who met our criteria for B/U liver metastases were evaluated. Thirty-five patients (64%) had more than four liver lesions, 16 (29%) had key vascular structure involvement, and 16 (29%) had biliary involvement. After chemotherapy, all patients had surgery and 42 (77%) had R0 resection. After a median follow-up of 37.2 months, median progression-free survival (PFS) was 16.9 months and median overall survival (OS) was 68.3 months. R1-R2 resections were associated with worse PFS and OS compared with R0 resection (PFS: hazard ratio, 2.65; P = .007; OS: hazard ratio, 2.90; P = .014). CONCLUSION Treatment of B/U liver metastases from CRC with conversion chemotherapy using mFLOX regimen followed by surgical resection was associated with a high R0 resection rate and favorable survival outcomes. On the basis of our results, we consider mFLOX a low-cost option for conversion chemotherapy among other options that have been proposed.
Restricting motion effects in CT coronary angiography
Authors: Kashani Hany , Wright Graham , Ursani Ali , Liu Garry , Hashemi Masoud , Paul Narinder 
Published: September 2019

Objective:Evaluation of coronary CT image blur using multi segment reconstruction algorithm.Methods:Cardiac motion was simulated in a Catphan. CT coronary angiography was performed using 320 × 0.5 mm detector array and 275 ms gantry rotation. 1, 2 and 3 segment reconstruction algorithm, three heart rates (60, 80 and 100bpm), two peak displacements (4, 8 mm) and three cardiac phases (55, 35, 75%) were used. Wilcoxon test compared image blur from the different reconstruction algorithms.Results:Image blur for 1, 2 and 3 segments in: 60 bpm, 75% R–R interval and 8 mm peak displacement: 0.714, 0.588, 0.571 mm (1.18, 0.6, 0.4 mm displacement) 80 bpm, 35% R–R interval and 8 mm peak displacement: 0.869, 0.606, 0.606 mm (1.57, 0.79,0.52 mm displacement) 100 bpm, 35% R–R interval and 4 mm peak displacement: 0.645, 0.588, 0.571 mm (0.98, 0.49, 0.33 mm displacement). The median image blur overall for 1 and 2 segments was 0.714 mm and 0.588 mm respectively (p < 0.0001).Conclusion:Two-segment reconstruction significantly reduces image blur.Advances in knowledge:Multisegment reconstruction algorithms during CT coronary angiography are a useful method to reduce image blur, improve visualization of the coronary artery wall and help the early detection of the plaque.
Does Machine Translation Affect International Trade? Evidence from a Large Digital Platform
Authors: Brynjolfsson Erik , Hui Xiang , Liu Meng 
Published: September 2019

Artificial intelligence (AI) is surpassing human performance in a growing number of domains. However, there is limited evidence of its economic effects. Using data from a digital platform, we study a key application of AI: machine translation. We find that the introduction of a new machine translation system has significantly increased international trade on this platform, increasing exports by 10.9%. Furthermore, heterogeneous treatment effects are consistent with a substantial reduction in translation costs. Our results provide causal evidence that language barriers significantly hinder trade and that AI has already begun to improve economic efficiency in at least one domain. This paper was accepted by Joshua Gans, business strategy.
Dual mobility total hip arthroplasty: should everyone get one?
Authors: Blakeney William G. , Epinette Jean-Alain , Vendittoli Pascal-André 
Published: September 2019

Hip instability following total hip arthroplasty (THA) remains a major challenge and is one of the main causes of revision surgery. Dual mobility (DM) implants have been introduced to try to overcome this problem. The DM design consists of a small femoral head captive and mobile within a polyethylene liner. Numerous studies have shown that DM implants reduce the rate of dislocation compared to fixed-bearing inserts. Early designs for DM implants had problems with wear and intra-prosthetic dislocations, so their use was restricted to limited indications. The results of the latest generation of DM prostheses demonstrate that these problems have been overcome. Given the results of these studies presented in this review, surgeons may now consider DM THA for a wider patient selection. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4:541-547. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180045
Putting European Monetary Integration into a Historical Perspective: Two Decades of the European Monetary System versus Two Decades of the European Monetary Union
Authors: Fendel Ralf , Frenkel Michael 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This comparative study looks at broad economic developments during the 20 years of the European Monetary Union (EMU) and 20 years of the European Monetary System (EMS). We analyze the economic performance by looking at a set of macroeconomic variables. The analysis of macroeconomic performance includes two perspectives: one is internal, i. e. how did the countries perform relative to each other; the other is external, i. e. how did the group of member countries perform vis-à-vis other countries. Overall, the analysis of the two periods suggest that the EMU does not display a macroeconomic development inferior to the EMS period. On the contrary, some crucial macroeconomic indicators point to a greater stability during the EMU period compared to the EMS period.
Gillespie algorithm and diffusion approximation based on Monte Carlo simulation for innovation diffusion: A comparative study
Authors: Rajput Nikhil Kumar 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Monte Carlo simulations have been utilized to make a comparative study between diffusion approximation (DA) and the Gillespie algorithm and its dependence on population in the information diffusion model.
Diffusion approximation is one of the widely used approximation methods which have been applied in queuing systems, biological systems and other fields.
The Gillespie algorithm, on the other hand, is used for simulating stochastic systems.
In this article, the validity of diffusion approximation has been studied in relation to the Gillespie algorithm for varying population sizes.
It is found that diffusion approximation results in large fluctuations which render forecasting unreliable particularly for a small population.
The relative fluctuations in relation to diffusion approximation, as well as to the Gillespie algorithm have been analyzed.
To carry out the study, a nonlinear stochastic model of innovation diffusion in a finite population has been considered.
The nonlinearity of the problem necessitates use of approximation methods to understand the dynamics of the system.
A stochastic differential equation (SDE) has been used to model the innovation diffusion process, and corresponding sample paths have been generated using Monte Carlo simulation methods.
A random walk on small spheres method for solving transient
anisotropic diffusion problems
Authors: Shalimova Irina , Sabelfeld Karl K. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
A meshless stochastic algorithm for solving anisotropic transient diffusion problems based on an extension
of the classical Random Walk on Spheres method is developed.
Direct generalization of the Random Walk on Spheres method to anisotropic diffusion equations is not possible, therefore, we have derived approximations of the probability densities for the first passage time and the exit point on a small sphere. The method can be conveniently applied to solve diffusion problems with spatially varying diffusion coefficients and is simply implemented for complicated three-dimensional domains. Particle tracking algorithm is highly efficient for calculation of fluxes to boundaries. We present some simulation results in the case of cathodoluminescence and electron beam induced current in the vicinity of a dislocation in a semiconductor material.
Realisierung und Anwendung energieautarker miniaturisierter Funksensorik: Chancen durch IoT, 5G und Narrowband
Authors: Brockmann Carsten , Günther-Sorge Julia , Pötter Harald 
Published: September 2019

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Artikel werden energieautarke Funksensorsysteme und deren Einsatz vor dem Hintergrund realer Messaufgaben detailliert beleuchtet. Insbesondere die Konnektivität steht dabei im Mittelpunkt der Betrachtungen. Dabei wird auf die drahtlose Kommunikationsschnittstelle eingegangen und es werden die Herausforderungen beim Einsatz unter produktionsnahen Randbedingungen diskutiert. Auch werden die Stellschrauben des Systementwurfs in Abhängigkeit der Leistungsparameter vor dem Hintergrund eines autarken Betriebs dargestellt. Zusammenfassend ergibt sich ein Bild für den Systementwurf energieautarker Funksensorknoten für industrielle Einsatzszenarien, die anhand ausgewählter realisierter Beispiele aufgezeigt werden.
Differential Tuning to Visual Motion Allows Robust Encoding of Optic Flow in the Dragonfly
Authors: Evans Bernard J.E. , O'Carroll David C. , Fabian Joseph M. , Wiederman Steven D. 
Published: September 2019

Visual cues provide an important means for aerial creatures to ascertain their self-motion through the environment. In many insects, including flies, moths, and bees, wide-field motion-sensitive neurons in the third optic ganglion are thought to underlie such motion encoding; however, these neurons can only respond robustly over limited speed ranges. The task is more complicated for some species of dragonflies that switch between extended periods of hovering flight and fast-moving pursuit of prey and conspecifics, requiring motion detection over a broad range of velocities. Since little is known about motion processing in these insects, we performed intracellular recordings from hawking, emerald dragonflies (Hemicordulia spp.) and identified a diverse group of motion-sensitive neurons that we named lobula tangential cells (LTCs). Following prolonged visual stimulation with drifting gratings, we observed significant differences in both temporal and spatial tuning of LTCs. Cluster analysis of these changes confirmed several groups of LTCs with distinctive spatiotemporal tuning. These differences were associated with variation in velocity tuning in response to translated, natural scenes. LTCs with differences in velocity tuning ranges and optima may underlie how a broad range of motion velocities are encoded. In the hawking dragonfly, changes in LTC tuning over time are therefore likely to support their extensive range of behaviors, from hovering to fast-speed pursuits.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTUnderstanding how animals navigate the world is an inherently difficult and interesting problem. Insects are useful models for understanding neuronal mechanisms underlying these activities, with neurons that encode wide-field motion previously identified in insects, such as flies, hawkmoths, and butterflies. Like some Dipteran flies, dragonflies exhibit complex aerobatic behaviors, such as hovering, patrolling, and aerial combat. However, dragonflies lack halteres that support such diverse behavior in flies. To understand how dragonflies might address this problem using only visual cues, we recorded from their wide-field motion-sensitive neurons. We found these differ strongly in the ways they respond to sustained motion, allowing them collectively to encode the very broad range of velocities experienced during diverse behavior.
Probabilistic Representation in Human Visual Cortex Reflects Uncertainty in Serial Decisions
Authors: van Bergen Ruben S. , Jehee Janneke F.M. 
Published: September 2019

How does the brain represent the reliability of its sensory evidence? Here, we test whether sensory uncertainty is encoded in cortical population activity as the width of a probability distribution, a hypothesis that lies at the heart of Bayesian models of neural coding. We probe the neural representation of uncertainty by capitalizing on a well-known behavioral bias called serial dependence. Human observers of either sex reported the orientation of stimuli presented in sequence, while activity in visual cortex was measured with fMRI. We decoded probability distributions from population-level activity and found that serial dependence effects in behavior are consistent with a statistically advantageous sensory integration strategy, in which uncertain sensory information is given less weight. More fundamentally, our results suggest that probability distributions decoded from human visual cortex reflect the sensory uncertainty that observers rely on in their decisions, providing critical evidence for Bayesian theories of perception.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTVirtually any decision that people make is based on uncertain and incomplete information. Although uncertainty plays a major role in decision-making, we have but a nascent understanding of its neural basis. Here, we probe the neural code of uncertainty by capitalizing on a well-known perceptual illusion. We developed a computational model to explain the illusion, and tested it in behavioral and neuroimaging experiments. This revealed that the illusion is not a mistake of perception, but rather reflects a rational decision under uncertainty. No less important, we discovered that the uncertainty that people use in this decision is represented in brain activity as the width of a probability distribution, providing critical evidence for current Bayesian theories of decision-making.
Ґрунтова схожість насіння павловнії повстистої Paulownia Tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud. різного географічного походження
Authors: Ivaniuk A. P. , Kharachko T. I. 
Published: September 2019

Досліджено ґрунтову схожість насіння павловнії повстистої, заготовленого у трьох регіонах України: Одеській, Закарпатській та Львівській областях. Встановлено, що насіння павловнії повстистої характеризується високою ґрунтовою схожістю незалежно від географічного походження материнських дерев в умовах України. Найвища ґрунтова схожість притаманна насінню походженням зі Львова. Оцінено вплив температурних умов на ґрунтову схожість насіння за двох змінних температурних режимів пророщування: +15 °С вночі і +20 °С вдень та +21 °С вночі і +25 °С вдень. Встановлено, що температура пророщування істотно впливає на ґрунтову схожість насіння. За температурного режиму пророщування +21…25 °С показники ґрунтової схожості значно вищі. Досліджено вплив стимуляторів схожості: попереднє намочування насіння у воді та розчинах стимовіту, корневіну, бурштинової кислоти, епіну, радіфарму на ґрунтову схожість насіння павловнії повстистої. Встановлено, що попереднє намочування насіння має найвищу стимуляційну дію на подальше проростання насіння в ґрунті серед досліджених стимуляторів схожості. Попереднє оброблення насіння препаратами стимовіт, корневін, бурштинова кислота, епін, радіфарм загалом дало позитивний ефект, підвищивши ґрунтову схожість насіння. Наведено дані з поширення плантацій представників роду Paulownia у країнах Європи.