bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Brain and Inner Ear of the Early Paleocene “Condylarth” Carsioptychus coarctatus: Implications for Early Placental Mammal Neurosensory Biology and Behavior
Authors: Cameron Joe , Shelley Sarah L. , Williamson Thomas E. , Brusatte Stephen L. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTMammals underwent a profound diversification after the end‐Cretaceous mass extinction, with placentals rapidly expanding in body size and diversity to fill new niches vacated by dinosaurs. Little is known, however, about the brains and senses of these earliest placentals, and how neurosensory features may have promoted their survival and diversification. We here use computed tomography (CT) to describe the brain, inner ear, sinuses, and endocranial nerves and vessels of Carsioptychus coarctatus, a periptychid “condylarth” that was among the first placentals to blossom during the few million years after the extinction, in the Paleocene. Carsioptychus has a generally primitive brain and inner ear that is similar to the inferred ancestral eutherian/placental condition. Notable “primitive” features include the large, anteriorly expanded, and conjoined olfactory bulbs, proportionally small neocortex, lissencephalic cerebrum, and large hindbrain compared to the cerebrum. An encephalization quotient (EQ) cannot be confidently calculated because of specimen crushing but was likely very small, and comparisons with other extinct placentals reveal that many Paleocene “archaic” mammals had EQ values below the hallmark threshold of modern placentals but within the zone of nonmammalian cynodonts, indicative of small brains and low intelligence. Carsioptychus did, however, have a “conventional” hearing range for a placental, but was not particularly agile, with semicircular canal dimensions similar to modern pigs. This information fleshes out the biology of a keystone Paleocene “archaic” placental, but more comparative work is needed to test hypotheses of how neurosensory evolution was related to the placental radiation. Anat Rec, 302:306–324, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Filamin‐A as a Balance between Erk/Smad Activities During Cardiac Valve Development
Authors: Toomer Katelynn , Sauls Kimberly , Fulmer Diana , Guo Lilong , Moore Kelsey , Glover Janiece , Stairley Rebecca , Bischoff Joyce , Levine Robert A. , Norris Russell A. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTMitral valve prolapse (MVP) affects 2.4% of the population and has poorly understood etiology. Recent genetic studies have begun to unravel the complexities of MVP and through these efforts, mutations in the FLNA (Filamin‐A) gene were identified as disease causing. Our in vivo and in vitro studies have validated these genetic findings and have revealed FLNA as a central regulator of valve morphogenesis. The mechanisms by which FLNA mutations result in myxomatous mitral valve disease are currently unknown, but may involve proteins previously associated with mutated regions of the FLNA protein, such as the small GTPase signaling protein, R‐Ras. Herein, we report that Filamin‐A is required for R‐Ras expression and activation of the Ras–Mek–Erk pathway. Loss of the Ras/Erk pathway correlated with hyperactivation of pSmad2/3, increased extracellular matrix (ECM) production and enlarged mitral valves. Analyses of integrin receptors in the mitral valve revealed that Filamin‐A was required for β1‐integrin expression and provided a potential mechanism for impaired ECM compaction and valve enlargement. Our data support Filamin‐A as a protein that regulates the balance between Erk and Smad activation and an inability of Filamin‐A deficient valve interstitial cells to effectively remodel the increased ECM production through a β1‐integrin mechanism. As a consequence, loss of Filamin‐A function results in increased ECM production and generation of a myxomatous phenotype characterized by improperly compacted mitral valve tissue. Anat Rec, 302:117–124, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Luminescent Thermometry by a Y/Eu Binary Layered Rare‐Earth Hydroxide (LRH) via In Situ Intercalation with Neutral Terbium(III) Complexes
Authors: Zhu Qi , Li Siyuan , Jin Jianfeng , Xu Zhixin , Li Xiaodong , Sun Xudong , Li Ji‐Guang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTemperature‐sensitive luminescent materials have aroused great interest for practical applications in optical sensors. Layered rare‐earth hydroxides (LRHs) possess rich interlayer chemistry and adjustable composition; thus, they are the promising candidates for designing functional materials, usually through an ion exchange process. Herein, the intercalation of neutral TbIII complex rather than ion exchange was successfully performed in situ into the gallery of Y/Eu binary LRHs by using a hydrothermal process. Interestingly, the swollen LRHs are chameleon luminophores, exhibiting color emissions from green to pink that were tunable through variations in temperature ranging from 77 to 450 K. Because of the highly sensitive and temperature‐dependent emissions, novel optical temperature sensors for 1D and 2D thermal imaging were fabricated by employing the chameleon luminophores, which displayed luminescence capable of reversibly undergoing repeated thermocycles. The present work opens up new fields in layered inorganic materials.
Beobachtungen zur Linearität der Schädigungsakkumulation im Holzbau
Authors: Niebuhr Peter , Sieder Mike 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEs werden Beobachtungen zum Verlauf der Schädigungsakkumulation vorgestellt, die an Ergebnissen von Versuchen zum Ermüdungsverhalten von Brettsperrholz unter Schubbeanspruchung in Scheibenebene gemacht wurden. Hierbei wird der Verlauf der akkumulierten Verformung als Hinweis auf den Verlauf der akkumulierten Schädigung herangezogen. Es wird aufgezeigt, dass die gängige Annahme eines linearen Schädigungsverlaufs für den Großteil der Lebensdauer im Einstufenkollektiv auf der sicheren Seite liegt, dass es jedoch im Bereich kleiner Lastspielzahlen ein kritisches Spektrum gibt, in dem die Sicherheit der Annahme einer linearen Schädigung fragwürdig und daher tiefergehend zu untersuchen ist.
Eine neue Prüfmethode für Fachwerkknoten aus Holz
Authors: Meyer Nico , Blaß Hans Joachim 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDas Trag‐ und Verformungsverhalten von Verbindungen wird i. d. R. mithilfe von Druck‐ oder Zugversuchen an einzelnen Bauteilen ermittelt. Diese Bauteile können in der späteren Baupraxis u. a. als Druck‐ und Zugdiagonalen in Fachwerkträgern eingesetzt werden. Allerdings weisen die Fachwerkknoten, in denen die Diagonalen an die Gurte angeschlossen werden, aufgrund der kombinierten Einleitung von Zug‐ und Druckkräften ein komplexes Tragverhalten auf. Dieses kann durch Versuche an vollständigen Fachwerkträgern verifiziert werden. Der material‐ und versuchstechnische Aufwand ist hierbei jedoch sehr hoch, zumal pro Versuchsfachwerk i. d. R. lediglich ein bestimmter Fachwerkknoten untersucht werden kann. Alle übrigen Knoten des Fachwerkträgers dienen allein der Erzeugung der Kräfte in dem zu untersuchenden Knoten. Mit der hier vorgestellten Prüfmethode ist es nun möglich, das Trag‐ und Verformungsverhalten von Fachwerkknoten praxisnah zu ermitteln, ohne einen kompletten Fachwerkträger prüfen zu müssen. Der Material‐ und Prüfaufwand reduziert sich dadurch signifikant. Damit ergibt sich die Möglichkeit, verschiedene Einflussparameter mit einer genügenden Anzahl von Einzelversuchen zu untersuchen.
Neighbor balance and evenness of distribution of treatment replications in row‐column designs
Authors: Piepho Hans‐Peter , Michel Volker , Williams Emlyn 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRow‐column designs allow error control in field experiments by blocking in two dimensions. While this strategy can capture spatial heterogeneity aligned with blocks and account for effects due to the farming operations along rows and columns, it suffers from the occasional clustered occurrence of several replications of the same treatment. This property of classical row‐column designs has hampered their more widespread use in practice. A further issue of practical importance is the degree of neighbor balance of a design, that is, the frequency of adjacencies of pairs of treatments. This paper proposes two design strategies to simultaneously optimize the evenness of spatial distribution of treatment replication as well as neighbor balance. Three examples are given to illustrate the proposed methods and demonstrate that both approaches yield comparable and satisfactory results.
Power calculation of adjusted McNemar's test based on clustered data of varying cluster size
Authors: Wu Yougui 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMcNemars test is often used to compare two proportions estimated from paired observations. When the observations are sampled in clusters, adjustment is needed to ensure that the size of McNemars test does not exceed the nominal level. Eliasziw and Donner (1991) developed an adjustment to McNemars test that involves first estimating the correlation between discordant pairs within a cluster, then using the estimate of the correlation to adjust the usual McNemar's test statistic. Gönen (2004) derived two approximations for calculating the power and sample size for the adjusted McNemar's test. He reported that the accuracy of the two approximations is compromised for large value of intracluster correlation and small value of proportion of discordant pairs; the error of the approximation can be higher than 10 per cent. In this paper, we extend his power formula, developed under fixed cluster size assumption, to accommodate the case where the cluster sizes are not constant. We show via simulations that the theoretical powers calculated from our proposed power formula are close to their empirical counterparts under a variety of settings. More significantly, in the case of fixed cluster size, our reduced power formula provides a more accurate power approximation than Gönen's power formula regardless of the values of intracluster correlation and the proportion of discordant pairs.
Redesign of a New Manganese Peroxidase Highly Expressed in Pichia pastoris towards a Lignin‐Degrading Versatile Peroxidase
Authors: Bronikowski Agathe , Koschorreck Katja , Urlacher Vlada B. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractManganese peroxidases, lignin peroxidases, and versatile peroxidases secreted by white rot fungi are supposed to play an essential role in lignin degradation. Thus, these enzymes have attracted significant attention as potential biocatalysts. Versatile peroxidases are the most interesting ones, since they comprise activities of manganese and lignin peroxidases. Herein, we demonstrate how the properties of a new manganese peroxidase from Moniliophthora roreri, designated MrMnP1, were shifted towards those of a versatile peroxidase. MrMnP1 was cloned in Pichia pastoris X‐33 and highly expressed in a fed‐batch fermentation, yielding 132 mg L−1 of active enzyme. To extend the substrate spectrum of MrMnP1, a catalytically active tryptophan present in lignin and versatile peroxidases was first introduced. Additionally, the role of five amino acids at positions adjacent to the catalytic tryptophan was elucidated through their replacement by those found in a versatile peroxidase from Pleurotus eryngii. The resulting mutants demonstrated new activities towards high‐redox‐potential substrates, such as lignin dimers, veratryl alcohol, and the azo dye Reactive Black 5.
Implication of SLIT3‐ROBO1/ROBO2 in granulosa cell proliferation, differentiation and follicle selection in the prehierarchical follicles of hen ovary
Authors: Xu Rifu , Qin Ning , Xu Xiaoxing , Sun Xue , Chen Xiaoxia , Zhao Jinghua 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe SLIT/ROBO pathway has been implicated in prehierarchical follicular development of hen ovary by an intrafollicular autocrine and/or paracrine fashion. SLIT3, one of the key components of the SLIT/ROBO family, serves as a ligand that potentially interacts with the four receptors, ROBO1, ROBO2, ROBO3 and ROBO4. But the exact roles and regulatory mechanism of SLIT3 in chicken ovarian follicle development remain largely unclear. The present study was conducted to investigate the potential roles and molecular regulation of SLIT3 in granulosa cell (GC) proliferation, differentiation and follicle selection within the prehierarchical follicles of hen ovary. We found that SLIT3 interacts physically with the four ROBO receptors, but the expression of the ROBO1 and ROBO2 genes are more susceptible to the regulation of SLIT3 ligand than that of the ROBO3 and ROBO4 genes. Moreover, the siRNA‐mediated knockdown of SLIT3 in the follicular GCs leads to a significant increase in cell proliferation. Conversely, overexpression of SLIT3 results in a remarkable reduction in GC proliferation. Furthermore, the overexpressed SLIT3 has notably decreased the mRNA and protein expression levels of follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSHR), growth and differentiation factor 9 (GDF9), steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR) and cytochrome P450 11A1 (CYP11A1) in the GCs. These results indicated that SLIT3 may play an inhibitory effect on GC proliferation, differentiation and follicle selection, and these suppressive actions of SLIT3 in the GC proliferation can be prohibited by the siRNA‐mediated knockdown of ROBO1 and ROBO2 receptors. The current data provide a basis for further investigation of molecular mechanisms of SLIT3‐ROBO1/2 pathway in controlling the prehierarchical follicle development of the hen ovary.
Application of the MADS classification system in a “mega mammoth” stent trial: Feasibility and preliminary clinical implications
Authors: Katsikis Athanasios , Chichareon Ply , Cavalcante Rafael , Collet Carlos , Modolo Rodrigo , Onuma Yoshinobu , Stankovic Goran , Louvard Yves , Vranckx Pascal , Valgimigli Marco , Windecker Stephan , Serruys Patrick W. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectives and BackgroundWe attempted to test the feasibility of application of the MADS classification system in the largest stent trial to date and evaluate the preliminary clinical implications of this approach.MethodsIn the randomized GLOBAL LEADERS trial, testing two different antiplatelet strategies in patients undergoing PCI with bivalirudin and biolimus‐eluting stents, the e‐CRF was dedicated to bifurcation treatment according to the MADS classification. Based on this e‐CRF, the techniques used for bifurcations treatment in GLOBAL LEADERS were described and compared with two large, all‐comer registries of bifurcations treatment (I‐BIGIS and COBIS), used as historical controls.ResultsAmong 15,991 patients enrolled in the trial, 22,921 lesions treated at the index and staged procedure were available for analysis and 2,757 of these lesions were bifurcations and 7 were trifurcation lesions. The e‐CRF‐based MADS classification was achieved in 2,757 of these lesions (100%). 80.3% of bifurcations were treated using a single stent, 18.9% using 2 stents and 0.7% using 3 stents. Overall, the “main across side first” approach (A) was used in 77.4% with the “side branch first” approach (S) being the second most frequently used technique (10.2%). A single stent was used in the majority of the “A” approach (87.9%). A reduction in the use of 2‐stent techniques (from 33.9 to 18.9%) was observed between GLOBAL LEADERS and I‐BIGIS. The “A” approach was the most frequently used technique in GLOBAL LEADERS, while in COBIS the “S” strategy was most frequently employed.ConclusionsApplication of the MADS classification through an e‐CRF was feasible in the largest stent trial today and provided useful information about the trends observed overtime in the treatment of bifurcation lesions.
Gender and age differences in outcomes of patients with acute coronary syndromes referred for coronary angiography
Authors: Stähli Barbara E. , Wischnewsky Manfred B. , Jakob Philipp , Klingenberg Roland , Obeid Slayman , Heg Dik , Räber Lorenz , Windecker Stephan , Mach François , Gencer Baris , Nanchen David , Jüni Peter , Landmesser Ulf , Matter Christian M. , Lüscher Thomas F. , Maier Willibald 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe number of elderly patients undergoing coronary revascularization is steadily increasing, and data on the impact of gender on outcomes are scarce. This study sought to assess gender‐related differences in outcomes in elderly patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS).MethodsWe investigated outcomes in elderly ACS patients referred for coronary angiography and prospectively enrolled in the Swiss ACS Cohort between December 2009 and October 2012. Adjudicated major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) included all‐cause death, non‐fatal myocardial infarction, clinically indicated repeat coronary revascularization, definite stent thrombosis, and transient ischemic attack/stroke.ResultsAmong 2,168 patients recruited, 481 (22%) patients were >75 years of age (37% women). In patients >75 years, 1‐year MACCE rates were 15% and 23% in women and men (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.36–0.97, P = 0.04), respectively, and differences remained significant after adjustments for baseline variables (adjusted OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.26–0.90, P = 0.02). Women >75 years had a lower cardiovascular mortality (6% versus 12%, adjusted OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.12–0.81, P = 0.02). In patients ≤75 years, 1‐year MACCE rates did not differ between gender (10% and 8% for women and men, adjusted OR 1.28, 95% CI 0.77–2.14, P = 0.34). Rates of TIMI major bleeding for women and men were 4% and 4% in patients >75 years (P = 0.96), and 5% and 3% in those ≤75 years (P = 0.11).ConclusionsThe low rates of MACCE observed in elderly women in this patient cohort suggest that with current interventional strategies the gender gap in ACS management has been attenuated.
Three‐year clinical outcomes of patients treated with everolimus‐eluting bioresorbable vascular scaffolds: Final results of the ABSORB EXTEND trial
Authors: Costa J. Ribamar , Abizaid Alexandre , Whitbourn Robert , Serruys Patrick W. , Jepson Nigel , Steinwender Clemens , Stuteville Marrianne , Ediebah Divine , Sudhir Krishnankutty , Bartorelli Antonio L. ,   on behalf of the ABSORB EXTEND investigators
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundThere is still limited data on the very long term clinical outcomes after ABSORB BRS in daily practice. We sought to evaluate the 3 year‐performance of the Absorb bioresorbable vascular scaffolds for the treatment of low/moderate complexity patients enrolled in the ABSORB EXTEND trial.MethodsABSORB EXTEND is a prospective, single‐arm, open‐label clinical study in which 812 patients were enrolled at 56 sites. This study allowed the treatment of lesions ≤28 mm in length and reference vessel diameter of 2.0–3.8 mm (as assessed by on‐line QCA). To determine the independent predictors of MACE, a multivariable logistic regression model was built using a stepwise (forward/backward) procedure.ResultsAverage population age was 61 years and 26.5% had diabetes. Most patients had single target lesion (92.4%). Adequate scaffold deployment (PSP) was achieved in 14.2% of the cases. At three years, the composite endpoints of MACE and ischemia‐driven target vessel failure were 9.2% and 10.6%, respectively. The cumulative rate of ARC definite/probable thrombosis was 2.2%, with 1.2% of the cases occurring after the 1st year. Independent predictors of MACE were hypertension and the need for “bail out” stent.ConclusionAt three‐year follow‐up, the use of ABSORB in low/moderate complex PCI was associated with low and acceptable rates of major adverse clinical events, despite the infrequent use of the recommended contemporary scaffold deployment technique. However, scaffold thrombosis rate was higher than reported with current generation of metallic DES. The study is registered on clinicaltrials.gov (unique identifier NCT01023789).
Anatomic and procedural associations of transcatheter heart valve displacement following Evolut R implantation
Authors: Hachinohe Daisuke , Latib Azeem , Laricchia Alessandra , Demir Ozan M. , Agricola Eustachio , Romano Vittorio , Del Sole Paolo Alberto , Leone Pier Pasquale , Ancona Marco B. , Mangieri Antonio , Regazzoli Damiano , Giannini Francesco , Mitomo Satoru , Monaco Fabrizio , Buzzatti Nicola , Montorfano Matteo , Colombo Antonio 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to predict the displacement of self‐expanding transcatheter heart valves (THV) during final deployment.BackgroundAccurate device positioning during transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is crucial for optimal results.MethodsAt our institution, 103 patients who underwent transfemoral TAVI with Evolut R were retrospectively identified. Multiple linear regression models were created, and a predictor equation was built to quantify the factors that may affect THV behavior.ResultsMultiple linear regression analysis for THV displacement on the left coronary cusp (LCC) identified the angle between the THV and the ascending aorta (ATA), predilation, and less operator experience as independent predictors of upward displacement, whereas estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was inversely related with THV behavior (95% confidence interval: 0.219 to 0.340, 0.447 to 2.092, 0.165 to 1.757, and −0.053 to −0.011, respectively). Predictors of THV displacement on the noncoronary cusp side could not be identified using this model.ConclusionsThe ATA at the point of recapture, predilation, and less operator experience were independent predictors of upward displacement of THV on the LCC side. eGFR was an independent predictor of THV downward displacement on the LCC side. Of them, the ATA was the strongest predictor. Physicians may need to adjust this angle adequately before deployment to achieve the appropriate position.
Ablation of recurrent malignant idiopathic ventricular tachycardia: When proper diagnosis and success is a matter of contact
Authors: Giaccardi Marzia , Mascia Giuseppe , Paoletti Perini Alessandro , Giomi Andrea , Cartei Stella , Colella Andrea 
Published: October 2018

Key Clinical MessageEffective and stable contact between the catheter tip and the tissue is crucial for both mapping and lesion formation during cardiac ablation procedures. Contact force catheter may be not only a therapeutic approach to arrhythmias, but also a tool for achieving accurate characterization of the arrhythmic substrate.
Environmental Catalysis: Present and Future
Authors: Rodríguez‐Padrón Daily , Puente‐Santiago Alain R. , Balu Alina M. , Muñoz‐Batista Mario J. , Luque Rafael 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEnvironmental catalysis plays a crucial role in sustainable development by the design of novel catalytic materials and technologies. Several environmental issues are addressed by catalytic processes such as decomposition of pollutants for air, water and soil remediation, hydrogen production, CO2 reduction and biomass valorization, just to name a few. This contribution aims to provide a general overview of the main concepts and current advances in the environmental catalysis field. Special attention has been paid to photocatalysis and electrocatalysis, as sub‐areas of catalysis with tremendous potential in sustainable applications, in particular with regard to the promotion of sustainable energies. In this contribution, the partnership between Catalysis and Green Chemistry is presented, in a comprehensive way, as an open research line which is imperative and decisive for a more sustainable future.