bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multicenter, randomized, double‐blind phase 2 trial of FOLFIRI with regorafenib or placebo as second‐line therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Sanoff Hanna K. , Goldberg Richard M. , Ivanova Anastasia , O'Reilly Seamus , Kasbari Samer S. , Kim Richard D. , McDermott Ray , Moore Dominic T. , Zamboni William , Grogan William , Cohn Allen Lee , Bekaii‐Saab Tanios S. , Leonard Gregory , Ryan Theresa , Olowokure Olugbenga O. , Fernando Nishan H. , McCaffrey John , El‐Rayes Bassel F. , Horgan Anne M. , Sherrill Gary Bradley , Yacoub George Hosni , O'Neil Bert H. 
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUNDRegorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor that inhibits angiogenesis, growth, and proliferation, prolongs survival as monotherapy in patients with refractory colorectal cancer. This international, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multicenter trial assessed the efficacy of regorafenib with folinic acid, fluorouracil, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) as a second‐line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer.METHODSPatients with metastatic colorectal cancer who progressed on first‐line oxaliplatin and fluoropyrimidine enrolled at 45 sites in the United States and Ireland. Patients, stratified by prior bevacizumab use, were randomized 2:1 to regorafenib or placebo. The treatment consisted of FOLFIRI on days 1 and 2 and days 15 and 16 with 160 mg of regorafenib or placebo on days 4 to 10 and days 18 to 24 of every 28‐day cycle. Crossover was not allowed. The primary endpoint was progression‐free survival (PFS). Under the assumption of a 75% event rate, 180 patients were required for 135 events to achieve 90% power to detect a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.65 with a 1‐sided α value of .1.RESULTSOne hundred eighty‐one patients were randomized (120 to regorafenib‐FOLFIRI and 61 to placebo‐FOLFIRI) with a median age of 62 years. Among these, 117 (65%) received prior bevacizumab or aflibercept. PFS was longer with regorafenib‐FOLFIRI than placebo‐FOLFIRI (median, 6.1 vs 5.3 months; HR, 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.53‐1.01; log‐rank P = .056). The median overall survival was not longer (HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.71‐1.44). The response rate was higher with regorafenib‐FOLFIRI (34%; 95% CI, 25%‐44%) than placebo‐FOLFIRI (21%; 95% CI, 11%‐33%; P = .07). Grade 3/4 adverse events with a >5% absolute increase from regorafenib included diarrhea, neutropenia, febrile neutropenia, hypophosphatemia, and hypertension.CONCLUSIONSThe addition of regorafenib to FOLFIRI as second‐line therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer only modestly prolonged PFS over FOLFIRI alone. Cancer 2018. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Helicenes as Molecular Tweezers in the Formation of Cation−π Complexes. Bonding and Circular Dichroism Properties from Relativistic DFT Calculations
Authors: Ortolan Alexandre O. , Caramori Giovanni F. , Parreira Renato L. T. , Muñoz‐Castro Alvaro 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHelicene ligands possess a unique helicoidal π‐conjugated framework providing high optical rotation values. This has stimulated a growing interest in helicene derivatives as building blocks, which has triggered the development of simple strategies to tune their properties. In this context, we evaluated the formation of cation−π complexes derived from [6]‐ and [7]helicene, involving Sn2+, Cd2+, and In+ in addition of Ag+, which appears as a plausible modification of such helicoidal structure. The nature of the cation−π interaction in the studied helicene complexes exhibits a covalent character, accounting for ligand π‐donation to 5 s and 5p empty orbitals of the involved cations. Furthermore, the evaluation of their optical activity exhibits notorious modification patterns in the circular dichroism spectrum, suggesting that the modifications of the optical activity are dependent on the nature of the cation and its related charge state. Thus, the plausible formation of new cation−π complexes derived from helicene ligands, as discussed here, may lead to the characterization of novel species expanding the chemistry of helicene metal complexes to even to larger helicene units. We believe that the present study may open new avenues in the formation of cation‐π helicene complexes.
Effect of low‐carbohydrate diet on markers of renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Suyoto Perdana Samekto Tyasnugroho 
Published: June 2018

SummaryMeta‐analysis was conducted to clarify the effect of low‐carbohydrate diet (LCD) on renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes. An extensive literature search was conducted on scientific databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library until September 2017. Only controlled trials on human subjects written in English were included in this meta‐analysis. Several markers of renal function were compared between subjects who adopted an LCD or control diet, including estimated glomerular filtration rate, creatinine clearance, urinary albumin, serum creatinine, and serum uric acid. Random effect model was used in the analysis of each marker. In this meta‐analysis, 12 controlled trials were selected, which involved 942 participants (500 received LCD and 442 received a control diet). The pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) of estimated glomerular filtration rate from LCD vs control diet was not different (pooled SMD: 0.26; 95% CI, −0.03 to 0.55; P = .08). Investigation on creatinine clearance also showed no significant difference (pooled SMD: 0.51; 95% CI, −0.38 to 1.40; P = .26). Other comparisons from urinary albumin (pooled SMD: −0.04; 95% CI, −0.75 to 0.67; P = .90), serum creatinine (pooled SMD: −0.57; 95% CI, −1.51 to 0.38; P = .24), and serum uric acid (pooled SMD: −0.86; 95% CI, −4.00 to 2.28; P = .59) also showed no significant difference in the results. In the present meta‐analysis, no effect on markers of renal function was found after provision of a LCD compared with a control diet in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Visual interpretation and time series modeling of Landsat imagery highlight drought's role in forest canopy declines
Authors: Bell David M. , Cohen Warren B. , Reilly Matthew , Yang Zhiqiang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRemote sensing studies indicate that slow and subtle degradation of forest canopies, or forest canopy declines, has increased in extent during recent decades, possibly due to hotter and drier droughts. However, it is difficult to collect consistent, high‐quality time series of forest canopy decline occurrence observations needed for examining multi‐year drought contributions to forest canopy decline at an annual scale. In this research, we leveraged a tool for visual interpretation of annual Landsat satellite imagery (TimeSync) and a hierarchical Bayesian time series modeling approach (stochastic antecedent modeling, SAM) in five forest type groups located in the western United States to assess (1) what seasonal and interannual patterns in vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and precipitation preceded forest canopy decline events, (2) how drought effects on forest canopy decline events differed by forest type group, and (3) whether or not drought effects on forest canopy decline events were uniform within forest type groups. We examined observations of forest canopy decline over three decades (1985–2013) at 126 plots where we collected annual TimeSync observations. Stochastic antecedent modeling indicated that January–March VPD and July–September precipitation anomalies for the current year and 1–3 yr in the past contributed to defining drought conditions in relation to forest canopy decline dynamics. The probability of forest canopy decline decreased with summer precipitation for all forest type groups and increased with winter VPD for the warmest and the coldest forest type groups. However, the magnitude and direction of forest canopy decline sensitivity to drought varied substantially within forest type groups. The ubiquitous, but not uniform, effects of drought on forest canopy decline dynamics implied that local biotic (e.g., forest structure and composition, tree genetics) and abiotic (e.g., topography and soils) factors act to mediate effects of drought on forest change. The integration of the TimeSync satellite image interpretation tool with SAM provides a promising approach to link ecological understanding of tree drought responses to forest and landscape responses at regional and continental scales.
Decadal‐scale dynamics of an Amazonian mangrove caused by climate and sea level changes: Inferences from spatial–temporal analysis and digital elevation models
Authors: Cohen Marcelo C.L. , de Souza Adriana V. , Rossetti Dilce F. , Pessenda Luiz C.R. , França Marlon Carlos 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSea level rise and climate change are major forces driving wetland dynamics. The northern Brazilian coast has one of the largest continuous mangrove areas on Earth, with the mangroves from the Bragança Peninsula, in eastern Amazonia, being the most representative ones. These mangroves have migrated into higher tidal flats over recent years. We analyzed spatial–temporal changes of vegetation units adapted to different physical–chemical conditions along the Bragança Peninsula in order to decipher possible causes responsible for such recent mangrove dynamics. The investigation was based on time series analysis of a 33‐year (1984–2017) database consisting of satellite and drone images. These data were combined with digital elevation models based on topographical data obtained by photogrammetry, theodolite and hydrotopographic devices. During this time frame, mangroves invaded 2.7 km2 of inner tidal flats, which is compatible with a rise in relative sea level (RSL) and with a rainfall decreasing. Such topography‐dependent dynamic suggests that an increased frequency of tidal inundation decreased porewater salinity and caused mangroves to expand into topographically higher grounds. However, the study area contains small basins, that are less affected by tidal inundation, and Avicennia trees are dying in these locations due to increased porewater salinity, probably caused by a decreased rainfall. We propose that climate and RSL are responsible for driving the death of mangroves in the study area, and their migration into the topographically highest tidal flats. Assuming a RSL rise of 5 mm/yr under stable rainfall, or a RSL rise of 3 mm/yr accompanied by decreased rainfall, it is projected that mangrove areas will expand by 2.93 or 1.35 km2, respectively, by the end of this century. The combination of photogrammetry with theodolite/hydrotopographic surveying proved to be an efficient and innovative process for monitoring and evaluating the impacts of global changes on mangroves. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How to Check Pump Efficiency
Authors: Gros William F.H. 
Published: June 2018

The following appeared originally as a two‐part article in September and October 1976 OpFlow and in this condensed version in May 1977.Because of skyrocketing energy costs, operators need to pay attention to pump efficiency. With the following information, an operator can learn how to check efficiency of existing pumps by himself.—Editor.
CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated knockout of HBsAg inhibits proliferation and tumorigenicity of HBV‐positive hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Song Jia , Zhang Xiaochao , Ge Qianyun , Yuan Chaoyi , Chu Liang , Liang Hui‐fang , Liao Zhibin , Liu Qiumeng , Zhang Zhanguo , Zhang Bixiang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractChronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains the most common risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). High HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) levels are highly correlated with hepatocarcinogenesis and HBV‐associated HCC development. However, the role and detailed mechanisms associated with HBsAg in HCC development remain elusive. In this study, we designed specific single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) targeting the open reading frames, preS1/preS2/S, of the HBV genome and established HBsAg knockout HCC cell lines using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. We showed that knockout of HBsAg in HCC cell lines decreased HBsAg expression and significantly attenuated HCC proliferation in vitro, as well as tumorigenicity in vivo. We also found that overexpression of HBsAg, including the large (LHBs), middle (MHBs), and small (SHBs) surface proteins promoted proliferation and tumor formation in HCC cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that knockout of HBsAg in HCC cells decreased interleukin (IL)‐6 production and inhibited signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling, while overexpression of HBsAg induced a substantial accumulation of pY‐STAT3. Collectively, these results highlighted the tumorigenic role of HBsAg and implied that the IL‐6‐STAT3 pathway may be implicated in the HBsAg‐mediated malignant potential of HBV‐associated HCC.
Baicalin effects on rats with spinal cord injury by anti‐inflammatory and regulating the serum metabolic disorder
Authors: Kang Shufeng , Liu Shizhao , Li Hongzhu , Wang Dapeng , Qi Xiangbei 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBaicalin had neuroprotective effects on inhibiting neuronal cell apoptosis induced by spinal cord ischemic injury. This study aimed to explore the protective effects of Baicalin on rats with spinal cord injury (SCI) and its mechanism of action. The recovery of spinal cord nerve function in rats was evaluated by the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) score and the combine behavioral score (CBS). The expressions of cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), and IL‐6 were detected by the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay method. Expressions of inflammation‐related proteins were detected by Western blot. Multivariate statistical analysis was performed for serum metabolites. The BBB and CBS score results showed that Baicalin had a certain improvement on rats with SCI. SCI symptoms were significantly improved in low‐dose and high‐dose groups. The levels of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 in the SCI group were significantly increased. The expressions of NF‐κB p65, NF‐κB p50, p‐IκBα, and IKKα in the SCI group showed the opposite trend compared with the low‐dose and high‐dose groups. Compared with the sham group, glutamine, levels of 3‐OH‐butyrate, N‐acetylaspartate, and glutathione were significantly reduced, and the levels of glutamate and betaine were significantly increased in the SCI group. When Baicalin was administered, the contents of glutamine synthase (GS) and glutaminase (GLS) were significantly reduced, indicating that Baicalin had the effect of improving GS and GLS. Baicalin has protective effects on improving SCI and lower extremity motor function, has a significant anti‐inflammatory effect, and regulates the serum metabolic disorder caused by SCI in rats.
Effect of the calcium silicate‐based sealer removal protocols and time‐point of acid etching on the dentin adhesive interface
Authors: Morais Jéssika Mayhara Pereira , Victorino Keli Regina , Escalante‐Otárola Wilfredo Gustavo , Jordão‐Basso Keren Cristina Fagundes , Palma‐Dibb Regina Guenka , Kuga Milton Carlos 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe aim of the study was to evaluate the effects when acid etching on the dentin surface was immediately performed (I) or 7 days (D) after calcium silicate‐based sealer (MTA Fillapex) removal, using 95% ethanol (E) or xylol (X). First study, 60 bovine incisor dentin specimens were impregnated with sealer and divided into six groups (n = 10): (EI), E + I; (XI), X + I; (ED), E + D; (XD), X + D, (UN), untreated and (MR), mechanical removal of sealer. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images (500×) were obtained from each specimen and scores assessed the sealer residues persistence. Second study, 60 specimens were similarly treated; however, the specimens were restored with composite resin after the removal protocols. Hybrid layer formation was evaluated using confocal laser microscopy (1,024×). Third study, 60 specimens were similarly obtained and subjected to micro‐shear test to evaluate the effects of removal protocols on the bond strength of etch‐and‐ rinse adhesive system to dentin. XI showed the highest persistence of sealer residues (p < .05), similar to MR (p > .05). EI showed the greatest hybrid layer extension, except in relation to UN (p < .05). XI and MR presented the lowest bond strength adhesive system to dentin (p < .05). Acid etching immediately after calcium silicate‐based endodontic sealer removal using xylol presented the highest residues persistence and negatively affected the adhesive interface between dentin and etch‐and‐rinse adhesive system.
Heterochronic opsin expression due to early light deprivation results in drastically shifted visual sensitivity in a cichlid fish: Possible role of thyroid hormone signaling
Authors: Karagic Nidal , Härer Andreas , Meyer Axel , Torres‐Dowdall Julián 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDuring early ontogeny, visual opsin gene expression in cichlids is influenced by prevailing light regimen. Red light, for example, leads to an early switch from the expression of short‐wavelength sensitive to long‐wavelength sensitive opsins. Here, we address the influence of light deprivation on opsin expression. Individuals reared in constant darkness during the first 14 days post‐hatching (dph) showed a general developmental delay compared with fish reared under a 12:12 hr light–dark cycle (control group). Several characters including pigmentation patterns and eye development, appeared later in dark‐reared individuals. Quantitative real‐time PCR and fluorescent in situ hybridization at six time points during the 14 days period revealed that fish from the control group expressed opsin genes from 5 dph on and maintained a short‐wavelength sensitive phenotype (sws1, rh2b, and rh2a). Onset of opsin expression in dark‐reared Midas cichlids was delayed by 4 days and visual sensitivity rapidly progressed toward a long‐wavelength sensitive phenotype (sws2b, rh2a, and lws). Shifts in visual sensitivities toward longer wavelengths are mediated by thyroid hormone (TH) in many vertebrates. Compared to control fish, dark‐reared individuals showed elevated dio3 expression levels ‐ a validated proxy for TH concentration ‐ suggesting higher circulating TH levels. Despite decelerated overall development, ontogeny of opsin gene expression was accelerated, resulting in retinae with long‐wavelength shifted predicted sensitivities compared to light‐reared individuals. Indirect evidence suggests that this was due to altered TH metabolism.
Trim27 confers myeloid hematopoiesis competitiveness by up-regulating myeloid master genes
Authors: Wang Tongjie , Xia Chengxiang , Dong Yong , Chen Xiaoli , Wang Jinyong , Du Juan 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Trim27 (Zinc finger protein RFP) is a potential regulator of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), yet its role in hematopoiesis remains elusive. Here, we investigated the roles of Trim27 in hematopoiesis by enforcing its expression in mouse and human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC). Ectopic expression of Trim27 in mouse fetal liver (FL) HSPC confers repopulating advantage with myeloid dominance. However, the number of HSC from Trim27 group was comparable with empty vector control group, indicating that overexpression of Trim27 unlikely expanded HSC. Transcriptome analysis of Trim27-overexpressing myeloid progenitor cells (MP) indicated that Trim27 up-regulated essential regulators of myelopoiesis, including Spi1 and Cebpg, up-regulated myeloid proliferation-related signaling genes Nras, Runx1, and Cbfb, up-regulated JAK/STAT signaling inhibitors Socs2, Socs3, and Cish, and up-regulated myeloid maturation-related genes Adam8 and Dek. Moreover, the myeloproliferative advantage caused by overexpressing Trim27/TRIM27 is conserved between mouse and human hematopoiesis. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing that Trim27 confers competitive hematopoiesis by promoting myeloid bias differentiation of HSPC, but not by expanding HSC.
TTrim27 overexpression confers competitive hematopoiesis by promoting myeloid bias differentiation of HSPC, but not by expanding HSC.
UWB active antenna using dielectric resonator
Authors: Kumari Bibha , Gupta Nisha 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis article presents the experimental study of a ultra‐wideband (UWB) active antenna comprising of a chaotic oscillator coupled to a dielectric resonator antenna. Wideband spectrum properties of chaotic signals are used to design an UWB active antenna. In contrast to classical active UWB antenna designed using patch, the proposed active antenna is capable of enhancing the bandwidth, easy to integrate with the oscillator and is small in size. The proposed UWB antenna using DR can be employed in UWB wireless communication systems.
Investigation of a miniaturized reflectarray antenna radiating in unusually tilted directions
Authors: Jo Eon‐Seok , Cho Soo‐Bean , Kim Dongho 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe investigate the overall performance of a miniaturized reflectarray antenna radiating in unusually inclined directions. In our previous work, we successfully reduced an overall electrical volume of a conventional reflectarray antenna by more than hundreds of times. In the previous work, beam scan directions were strictly limited on only one plane, i.e., an H‐plane which is a general beam scan plane for the used source half‐wavelength dipole antenna. However, for unrestricted beam control required to cover entire hemispherical radiation space, beam scanning on an E‐plane is also much required. Accordingly, we examine antenna gain and aperture efficiency for inclined radiation on an E‐plane, which is disadvantageous for the source dipole antenna. To minimize expected antenna gain decrease, each cell of the reflectarray is designed to present desired reflection phase which is required to provide constructive interference between direct and reflected waves coming from the dipole and the reflectarray, respectively. Consequently, even though the proposed antenna scans on an unusual E‐plane including a dipole axis, we can show our miniaturization method can still provide relatively high aperture efficiency, which is important to scan a main beam in any arbitrary directions collaborating on our previous work.
Compact slotted CPW‐fed Y‐shape patch antenna for Wi‐Fi and WiMAX applications
Authors: Fang Xiao Chuan , Inserra Daniele , Huang Yong Jun , Wen Guang Jun , Hu Wei 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA compact slotted Y‐shape patch antenna fed with a coplanar waveguide is described in this manuscript. The proposed antenna configuration comprises a modified rectangular slot printed on a single FR4 substrate which holds a Y‐shape patch antenna, and 2 equal length arms used to widen the impedance bandwidth. The antenna is manufactured and measurement results show good correspondence with the simulation analysis, with measured impedance bandwidth (defined for S11 ≤ −10 dB) of 44.9% (from 2.28 to 3.6 GHz) and stable gain larger than 2 dBi within the bandwidth of interest. The proposed antenna can be used for Wi‐Fi and WiMAX applications.
Modified Gysel power combiner with second harmonic control and internal matching characteristics
Authors: Ko Kwangjo , Park Youngcheol 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this article, a modified two‐way Gysel power combiner, which has second harmonic control and internal matching characteristic, is implemented to reduce the overall circuit size. Further, we proposed a generalized mathematical method for N‐way design, as an extension. The modified two‐way Gysel power combiner is implemented to have fundamental input impedance of 33.1 + j13.4 at 2.1 GHz and second harmonic of 4.5–j23.7 at 4.2 GHz to achieve the return loss of −41dB. To verify the mathematical method of the modified N‐way power combiner, it is applied to a four‐way Gysel power combiner, and the simulated return loss of −41.67 dB and isolation of −50.43 dB validated the proposed design method.