bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nineteenth Century Arbitrators’ Powers—Has There Been Any Progress to Date?
Authors: Álvarez Zárate José Manuel 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Investment arbitrators’ authority has been a focus of attention today, e.g. regarding the extent of their powers to interpret and apply the law, to conduct arbitral proceedings, to dissent from their fellow co-arbitrators, and with regard to their duty to be impartial and independent. Two hundred years ago, practitioners, arbitrators and states confronted similar challenges, and through legal doctrines, treaties and practices a path was laid out for future generations of practitioners and arbitrators, where clear legal lines were drawn to distinguish between arbitrators’ procedural and substantive powers and their duties with regard to each of them. The consent and sovereignty of states were duly deferred to by arbitrators and umpires, limiting their job to settle a case. Thus, arbitrators had the duty of impartially interpreting and applying the law of nations, i.e. the natural law, and to deliver a final and binding award. Arbitrators were not bound by precedents, and if they made an unjust or unfair decision, beyond the law, countries could refrain from complying with it, which limited arbitrators’ interpretive powers. In conclusion, not much has changed to date with regard to the procedural powers given to arbitrators. The authority delegated to them by states was to strictly settle the case; no power to develop the law was ever given, which still applies now. Hence, the only important change that has been introduced today is that of claiming the so-called inherent power to help in the development of investment law, which is being driven mainly by arbitrators, and not by states.
Applicability of the Excess of Power Doctrine to the ICJ and Arbitral Tribunals
Authors: Tamada Dai 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The problem with regard to the excess of power doctrine, one of the most controversial issues in the procedure of international courts and tribunals, was invoked in certain recent cases, such as the Bosnian Genocide case and the South China Sea case. To solve this problem, it is necessary to examine two relevant legal notions: the principle of competence-competence; and the principle of res judicata. First, the principle of competence-competence has been regarded as a relative power of arbitral tribunals in the sense that it is limited by the application of the rules of treaty interpretation. This means that there are possibilities, in the substantive sense, of an excess of power even when the principle of competence-competence is applied. Second, the international jurisprudence has shown that the force of res judicata can be excluded by a post-award agreement of the parties. Thus, it is possible, substantively and procedurally, to examine the possibility of an alleged excess of power having been committed by an arbitral tribunal and this understanding has been accepted by the ICJ in its jurisprudence. On the contrary, the ICJ has denied the possibility of an excess of power by itself, on the basis of the absolute power of competence-competence and the principle of res judicata. Here, several problems remain unsettled with regard to the difference between the possibility of an excess of power by ad hoc arbitral tribunals and the possibility of an excess of power by the ICJ.
Combined Lid Crease and Endoscopic Approach to Lateral Frontal Sinus Disease With Orbital Extension
Authors: Makary Chadi A. , Limjuco Alex , Nguyen John , Ramadan Hassan H 
Published: July 2018

Introduction: Functional endoscopic sinus surgery for frontal sinus disease has obviated the need for external approaches. Special circumstances such as acute infection with orbital involvement or significant lateral sinus disease frequently require adjunct access. We describe the clinical outcomes of a combined upper eyelid crease and endoscopic approach for lateral frontal sinus disease with orbital extension. Methods: A retrospective case series of 7 patients who underwent a combined lid crease approach for frontal sinus disease with orbital extension between April 2012 and October 2016 was performed. All patients had the presence of lateral frontal sinus disease as well as orbital extension as seen on a preoperative computed tomography (CT) scan. Patient demographics, indications for surgery, and perioperative findings were examined. Results: Six of the 7 patients were male. Mean age was 61 years, and the indication for surgery was primarily drainage of mucopyocele and inverting papilloma (IP) in 1 patient. The frontal sinus and orbit were successfully accessed, and the respective pathology was addressed in both locations. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were encountered. There was no postoperative or cosmetic complications. Conclusion: The combined lid crease and endoscopic approach is a safe and effective technique for accessing the lateral frontal sinus and orbit.
The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)-Style Diet and an Alternative Mediterranean Diet are Differently Associated with Serum Inflammatory Markers in Female Adults
Authors: Sakhaei Roya , Shahvazi Simin , Mozaffari-Khosravi Hassan , Samadi Morteza , Khatibi Nasim , Nadjarzadeh Azadeh , Zare Fateme , Salehi-Abargouei Amin 
Published: July 2018

Background: Studies on the association between a priori dietary patterns and serum highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) have led to inconsistent results, and we are not aware of any study on interleukin 17A (IL-17A) as an inflammatory marker associated with autoimmune diseases. Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the association between Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and the Mediterranean dietary patterns with circulating hs-CRP and IL-17A levels. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, female teachers (aged 20-50 years) who lived in Yazd, Iran, were randomly selected from elementary, guidance, and high schools from September 2015 to February 2016. Anthropometric data, as well as general information and dietary food intakes, were gathered, and each participant gave 1 blood sample. Participants were categorized into tertiles based on the DASH and the Mediterranean diet calculated scores. The associations between the dietary patterns and serum hs-CRP and IL-17A levels were assessed in the crude and multivariable models. In total, 320 female teachers aged 40.38 (8.08) years were included. Results: The DASH diet was associated with lower serum hs-CRP levels in the crude ( P = .05) and the fully adjusted models ( P = .02), while it was not significantly associated with IL-17A levels. The participants with the highest adherence to the Mediterranean diet had significantly lower circulating IL-17A levels ( P = .04) even controlling for all confounders ( P = .02); however, there was not a significant relationship between this diet and hs-CRP levels. Conclusions: The DASH and the Mediterranean dietary patterns might be differently associated with inflammatory markers. Further prospective studies are recommended to confirm our results.
Prognostic factor determination mortality of acute glufosinate-poisoned patients
Authors: Lee JH , Kim YW 
Published: July 2018

Background: Glufosinate-containing herbicide is increasingly used in agriculture. Its poisoning is a worldwide concern. More and more patients are poisoned by glufosinate. The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with mortality of patients with acute poisoning of glufosinate. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted from January 1998 to October 2015. Using a multivariate logistic analysis, data for the total population were retrospectively analyzed to determine the factors associated with mortality. Various variables were compared in survivors and non-survivors. Significant predictive variables, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scoring system, the Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) II, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score were compared by analyzing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results: A total of 253 patients (mean age: 58 years) were enrolled. Of the 253 patients, 219 (86.6%) survived and 34 (13.4%) died. Decreased Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and bicarbonate (HCO3−), use of mechanical ventilator, and use of vasopressors (dopamine, dobutamine, norepinephrine) were associated with mortality. The areas under the curve in the ROC curve analysis for the predictive variables, SOFA score, APACHE II scoring system, and SAPS II were 0.952, 0.829, 0.927, and 0.944, respectively. Conclusion: Four predictive variables (GCS < 9, HCO3− < 16.0 mmol/L, mechanical ventilator apply, and use of vasopressors) were associated with mortality in the total population of patients with acute poisoning of glufosinate. These predictive variables had good discriminative power for predicting mortality of patients with acute poisoning of glufosinate-containing herbicide compared to APACHE II, SOFA, and SAPS II.
The efficacy and safety of pulmonary vasodilators in patients with Fontan circulation: a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Wang Wuwan , Hu Xiankang , Liao Weitin , Rutahoile W.H. , Malenka David J. , Zeng Xiaofang , Yang Yunjing , Feng Panpan , Wen Li , Huang Wei 
Published: July 2018

No previous meta‐analysis has evaluated the efficacy and safety of pulmonary vasodilators in Fontan physiology. Recent relative trials have obtained conflicting results regarding improvements in peak oxygen consumption; the relatively small number of patients in each study may be a limiting factor. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pulmonary vasodilators in Fontan patients. Relevant studies were identified by searching the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. Pooled outcomes were determined to assess the efficacy and safety of pulmonary vasodilators in Fontan patients. Nine randomized controlled studies involving 381 patients with Fontan circulation were included. Pulmonary vasodilator therapy led to significant improvement (mean difference = −0.39, 95% CI: [−0.72, −0.05]) in the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class. The 6‐minute walking distance (6MWD) was significantly increased by 134 m (95% CI: [86.07, 181.94]), and the peak VO2 was also significantly improved (mean difference = 1.42 ml·(kg·min)‐1, 95% CI: [0.21, 2.63]). Additionally, the mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) was significantly reduced (mean difference = −2.25 mmHg, 95% CI: [−3.00, −1.50]). No significant change was found in mortality or in brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) or N‐terminal pronatriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP). Four studies reported no side effects and good drug tolerance, and two studies reported mild adverse effects. The present meta‐analysis indicated that pulmonary vasodilators (primarily the PDE‐5 inhibitor and endothelin‐1 receptor antagonist) significantly improved the hemodynamics of Fontan patients, reduced the NYHA functional class and increased the 6MWD. The peak oxygen consumption was also improved. No significant change was observed in mortality or in the BNP or NT‐proBNP level. Overall, the pulmonary vasodilators were well tolerated. This finding needs to be confirmed in future studies.
Coeliac disease: factors affecting the transition and a practical tool for the transition to adult healthcare
Authors: Zingone Fabiana , Massa Serana , Malamisura Basilio , Pisano Pasquale , Ciacci Carolina 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundAs of now, no established model for the transition from childhood to adulthood in coeliac disease exists. We aim to describe the dietary compliance and the quality of life of a population of young coeliac disease patients around transition age and to develop a practical tool (TRANSIT‐CeD disk) which can be used during the transition process effectively to transmit young adults to the adult healthcare giver.MethodsWe consecutively recruited all coeliac disease patients with a paediatric diagnosis (≤16 years) and aged between 9 and 20 years at the time of the study. The patients were asked to answer some questions concerning their adherence to a gluten‐free diet, knowledge about coeliac disease, relationship with healthcare givers and quality of life.ResultsWe included 58 subjects, mean age 14.5 ± 3.6 years, of which 62% were girls/young women. We observed that dietary compliance was independently and positively related to age at diagnosis and coeliac disease knowledge, while quality of life was only independently and positively related to coeliac disease knowledge.ConclusionA good coeliac disease knowledge is positively related to dietary compliance and quality of life. With the help of the TRANSIT‐CeD disk we proposed, paediatricians and adult gastroenterologists can follow the patients during the transition and identify some points to work on.
New nanofluids, based on clay minerals, as promising heat carriers for energetics
Authors: Moraru Vasily 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTIn an automated installation powered by direct current (DC), the boiling curves and heat-transfer-coefficient (HTC) dependencies on the superheat values (ΔT) under free convection conditions for the water nanodispersions of clay minerals – illite, montmorillonite, palygorskite and genetic mixtures of the latter two – were obtained. The effects of some factors on pool boiling heat transfer were also studied.A significant influence of the shape and anisotropy of nanoparticles (NPs) on the heat-transfer parameters of nanofluids (NFs) was detected. A significant critical heat flux (CHF) enhancement (up to 200–300%) at boiling of the nanofluids studied was established, which is due to nanoparticle deposition on the heater surface during nanofluid boiling. The structure of the nanomaterials deposited is important in the enhancement of heat transfer at boiling of nanofluids and in avoiding boiling crises.The present study showed the effectiveness of clay-mineral nanofluids for extra emergency cooling of overheated surfaces of powerful equipment in the event of the sudden onset of a boiling crisis.
A hibonite-spinel-corundum-hematite assemblage in plagioclase-clinopyroxene pyrometamorphic rocks, Hatrurim Basin, Israel: mineral chemistry, genesis and formation temperatures
Authors: Sharygin Victor V. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe intergrowths of Fe-rich corundum + Al-rich hematite + spinel + hibonite have been found as an assemblage in a plagioclase-clinopyroxene rock (paralava, former hornfels) at the Hatrurim Basin, Hatrurim combustion metamorphic Formation. Most spinels show oriented exsolution structures and vary from (Mg0.75${\rm Fe}_{{\rm 0}{\rm. 25}}^{2 +} $)(Al1.80${\rm Fe}_{{\rm 0}{\rm. 20}}^{3 +} $)O4(with exsolutions) to (Mg0.77${\rm Fe}_{{\rm 0}{\rm. 23}}^{2 +} $)(Al1.95${\rm Fe}_{{\rm 0}{\rm. 05}}^{3 +} $)O4(homogeneous) indicating a tendency towards magnesioferrite and magnetite, and enrichment in NiO (up to 1.9 wt.%) and ZnO (up to 1.4 wt.%). Hibonite is Ti rich (TiO2> 8 wt.%) and close to CaAl9Fe3+(Mg,Fe2+)TiO19. Corundum varies in Fe2O3(4.2–11.8 wt.%). Hematite is also inhomogeneous and contains oriented exsolution structures of corundum. It shows variable concentrations of TiO2(0.7–5.6 wt.%), Al2O3(0.7–8.6 wt.%), Cr2O3(0.2–1.5 wt.%), V2O3(0.1–1.0 wt.%) and MgO (0.3–2.0 wt.%). Crystallization of this specific assemblage is assumed to be at 1000–1200°C using evaluations for the corundum hematite pair with reference to published experimental data. The active role of superheated oxidised volatiles is suggested during both crystallisation of this corundum-bearing association and host-rock transformation (melting event for hornfels → paralava).
Risk factors for hospitalized patients with resistant or multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Raman Gowri , Avendano Esther E. , Chan Jeffrey , Merchant Sanjay , Puzniak Laura 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Background
Identifying risk factors predicting acquisition of resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa will aid surveillance and diagnostic initiatives and can be crucial in early and appropriate antibiotic therapy. We conducted a systematic review examining risk factors of acquisition of resistant P. aeruginosa among hospitalized patients.

Methods
MEDLINE®, EMBASE®, and Cochrane Central were searched between 2000 and 2016 for studies examining independent risk factors associated with acquisition of resistant P. aeruginosa, among hospitalized patients. Random effects model meta-analysis was conducted when at least three or more studies were sufficiently similar.

Results
Of the 54 eligible articles, 28 publications (31studies) examined multi-drug resistant (MDR) or extensively drug resistant (XDR) P. aeruginosa and 26 publications (29 studies) examined resistant P. aeruginosa. The acquisition of MDR P. aeruginosa, as compared with non-MDR P. aeruginosa, was significantly associated with intensive care unit (ICU) admission (3 studies: summary adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.2) or use of quinolones (4 studies: summary adjusted OR 3.59). Acquisition of MDR or XDR compared with susceptible P. aeruginosa was significantly associated with prior hospital stay (4 studies: summary adjusted OR 1.90), use of quinolones (3 studies: summary adjusted OR 4.34), or use of carbapenems (3 studies: summary adjusted OR 13.68). The acquisition of MDR P. aeruginosa compared with non-P. aeruginosa was significantly associated with prior use of cephalosporins (3 studies: summary adjusted OR 3.96), quinolones (4 studies: summary adjusted OR 2.96), carbapenems (6 studies: summary adjusted OR 2.61), and prior hospital stay (4 studies: summary adjusted OR 1.74). The acquisition of carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa compared with susceptible P. aeruginosa, was statistically significantly associated with prior use of piperacillin-tazobactam (3 studies: summary adjusted OR 2.64), vancomycin (3 studies: summary adjusted OR 1.76), and carbapenems (7 studies: summary adjusted OR 4.36).

Conclusions
Prior use of antibiotics and prior hospital or ICU stay was the most significant risk factors for acquisition of resistant P. aeruginosa. These findings provide guidance in identifying patients that may be at an elevated risk for a resistant infection and emphasize the importance of antimicrobial stewardship and infection control in hospitals.
Ultrasonographic findings of re-epithelialized skin after partial-thickness burns
Authors: Kim Jong Dae , Oh Suk Joon , Kim Sun Gyu , Ahn Song Vogue , Jang Yu Jin , Yang Ban Seok , Jeong Ji Yun , Kim Kwang Jo 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to investigate the difference between ultrasonographic findings of normal skin and those of re-epithelialized skin after partial-thickness burns and to evaluate the relationship between these findings and clinical outcomes.

Methods
This study retrospectively analysed the ultrasound images of re-epithelialized skin after partial-thickness burns and contralateral normal skin from January 2016 to December 2016. A total of 155 lesions from 148 patients were analysed with ultrasound images, and healing time was documented. The scar status of each lesion was evaluated through medical records and photographs. We analysed the difference in ultrasonographic findings between normal skin and re-epithelialized skin after partial-thickness burns and statistically analysed the relationship between healing time, scar status and ultrasonographic findings.

Results
The re-epithelialized skin after partial-thickness burns was significantly thicker than the contralateral normal skin, and the echogenicity was significantly lower. The ultrasound images of the re-epithelialized skin after partial-thickness burns showed the characteristic findings of low-echogenic bands (LEB), and the proportion of LEB thickness is strongly correlated with healing time. In the multivariate analysis of scar status, only the proportion of LEB thickness was statistically significant.

Conclusion
In this study, we found that there were ultrasonographic differences between re-epithelialized skin after partial-thickness burns and normal skin and that an LEB of varying thickness was formed after re-epithelialization. The thickness of the LEB in re-epithelialized skin after partial-thickness burns increased with healing time and was related to scar status.
The relationship between comorbidity medication adherence and health related quality of life among patients with cancer
Authors: Drzayich Antol Dana , Waldman Casebeer Adrianne , Khoury Raya , Michael Todd , Renda Andrew , Hopson Sari , Parikh Aparna , Stein Alisha , Costantino Mary , Stemkowski Stephen , Bunce Mikele 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundStudies have demonstrated that comorbidities compound the adverse influence of cancer on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Comorbidities adversely impact adherence to cancer treatment. Additionally, adherence to medications for comorbidities is positively associated with HRQoL for various diseases. This study used the Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s Healthy Days measure of HRQoL to explore the association between HRQoL and adherence to comorbidity medication for elderly patients with cancer and at least one comorbid condition.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey combined with retrospective claims data. Patients with metastatic breast, lung or colorectal cancer were surveyed regarding their HRQoL, comorbidity medication adherence and cancer-related symptoms. Patients reported the number of physical, mental and total unhealthy days in the prior month. The Morisky Medication Adherence 8-point scale was differentiated into moderate/high (> 6) and low (≤ 6) comorbidity medication adherence.ResultsOf the 1847 respondents, the mean age was 69.2 years, most were female (66.8%) and the majority of the sample had Medicare coverage (88.2%). Low comorbidity medication adherence was associated with significantly more total, mental and physical unhealthy days. Low comorbidity medication adherence was associated with the presence of patient-reported cancer-related symptoms. Patients reporting low, as compared to moderate/high, comorbidity medication adherence had 23.4% more unhealthy days in adjusted analysis,P = 0.007.ConclusionThe positive association between low comorbidity medication adherence and the number of unhealthy days suggests that addressing barriers to comorbidity medication adherence during cancer treatment may be an avenue for improving or maintaining HRQoL for older patients with cancer and comorbid conditions.