bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INNOVATING URBAN CHINA: The Rise of the Local Venture State and the Making of New Entrepreneurial Spaces
Authors: Zhang Lin , Lan Tu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this article we centralize the analytic of the local venture state (LVS) to offer a novel framework for investigating China's new urban entrepreneurialism, which emerged after the 2008 global financial crisis. As a spatiotemporally specific response to the crisis, the LVS goes beyond GDP‐driven developmentalism, seeking to simultaneously promote economic development, indigenous innovation and social equity using a variety of financialized policy instruments. Ethnographic case studies of new entrepreneurial spaces in Beijing's Zhongguancun area situate the LVS at the interface between Zhongguancun's urban space and China's innovation system. They reveal the rationalities behind the rise of the LVS and discrepancies among policy intentions, the implementation thereof and actual local results. Underlying the mixed results of the LVS, we argue, is the complicated power dynamics within the LVS and a fundamental contradiction between the dynamics of technological innovation and those of wealth redistribution. In our examination of China's LVS vis‐à‐vis global struggles to tackle the protracted economic crisis and achieve a more socially inclusive model of urban development, we stress the need to theorize urban entrepreneurialism from the global East with the aim of enriching the literature of urban China and of variegated urban entrepreneurialism.
Variation in batch ordering of imaging tests in the emergency department and the impact on care delivery
Authors: Jameson Jacob C. , Saghafian Soroush , Huckman Robert S. , Hodgson Nicole 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo examine heterogeneity in physician batch ordering practices and measure the associations between a physician's tendency to batch order imaging tests on patient outcomes and resource utilization.Study Setting and DesignIn this retrospective study, we used comprehensive EMR data from patients who visited the Mayo Clinic of Arizona Emergency Department (ED) between October 6, 2018 and December 31, 2019. Primary outcomes are patient length of stay (LOS) in the ED, number of diagnostic imaging tests ordered during a patient encounter, and patients' return with admission to the ED within 72 h. The association between outcomes and physician batch tendency was measured using a multivariable linear regression controlling for various covariates.Data Sources and Analytic SampleThe Mayo Clinic of Arizona Emergency Department recorded approximately 50,836 visits, all randomly assigned to physicians during the study period. After excluding rare complaints, we were left with an analytical sample of 43,299 patient encounters.Principal FindingsFindings show that having a physician with a batch tendency 1 standard deviation (SD) greater than the average physician was associated with a 4.5% increase in ED LOS (p < 0.001). It was also associated with a 14.8% (0.2 percentage points) decrease in the probability of a 72‐h return with admission (p < 0.001), implying that batching may lead to more comprehensive evaluations, reducing the need for short‐term revisits. A batch tendency 1SD greater than that of the average physician was also associated with an additional 8 imaging tests ordered per 100 patient encounters (p < 0.001), suggesting that batch ordering may be leading to tests that would not have been otherwise ordered had the physician waited for the results from one test before placing their next order.ConclusionsThis study highlights the considerable impact of physicians' diagnostic test ordering strategies on ED efficiency and patient care. The results also highlight the need to develop guidelines to optimize ED test ordering practices.
Preventive potential of chitosan self‐assembled coconut residue dietary fiber in hyperlipidemia: Mechanistic insights into gut microbiota and short‐chain fatty acids
Authors: Li Shuxian , Tan Yaoyao , Liu Sixin , Li Congfa 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHyperlipidemia is a metabolic disorder resulted from unhealthy dietary and lifestyle habits. Its pathogenesis is possibly linked to gut microbiota dysbiosis. This study investigates the preventive effects of chitosan self‐assembled coconut residue dietary fiber (CRFSC) on hyperlipidemia induced by a high‐fat diet (HFD) and gut microbiota. CRFSC resulted in a significant weight loss of 7.9% in HFD rats and had a preventive effect on all four lipid parameter abnormalities. HFD supplemented with oat group resulted in a weight loss of 3.8% in HFD rats and had no preventive effect on low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) abnormalities. Prevention was achieved not only through the modulation of gut microbiota composition and the increase of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels, but also through the activation of superoxide dismutase enzyme and the inhibition of malondialdehyde accumulation, all of which are the factors leading to the controlling of lipid abnormalities and oxidative damage. The prevention of lipid parameters by chitosan self‐assembled coconut residue dietary fiber (CRFSC) may be attributed to its richness in chitosan and insoluble dietary fiber, as well as its ability to enrich beneficial bacteria such as Akkermansia, Roseburia, and Ruminococcus. Correlation analysis demonstrated that key bacterial species producing SCFAs, which are rich in the CRFSC diet, had a positive impact on controlling hyperlipidemia. Hence, consumption of a CRFSC diet could serve as an effective strategy for preventing and controlling the development of hyperlipidemia due to its potential ability to regulate gut microbiota and SCFAs.Practical ApplicationThis study showed that dietary fiber from coconut residue after chitosan self‐assembly had preventive effects on overweight, dyslipidemia, and oxidative damage in rats. In addition, CRFSC also increased the content of short‐chain fatty acids in the gut. And improve gut health by affecting gut microbiota. This finding suggests that CRFSC can be used as a dietary strategy to prevent hyperlipidemia and has practical significance in developing new healthy foods.
Cross‐linked Arenga pinnata (Wurmb.) Merr. starch and chitosan with sodium trimetaphosphate: Structure, physicochemical properties and in vitro digestibility
Authors: Liu Yuan‐Sen , Shi Ping , Javed Hafiz Umer , Wu Yan‐Hui , Ren Min‐Hong , Fu Zhen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe inherent limitations of native starch considerably restrict its applications in the food industry. To enhance its processing properties, Arenga pinnata (Wurmb.) Merr. starch (APS) was subjected to dual modification with low levels of sodium trimetaphosphate (0%, 1%, and 3%) and chitosan (1%) to investigate its physicochemical, thermal, pasting, and in vitro digestibility. The dual modification of APS significantly increased the degree of cross‐linked (CLD) to 84.69%, resulting in a rougher surface texture. This process led to the formation of phosphate bonds, the weakening of hydrogen bonds, and a decrease in relative crystallinity, all while preserving the starch's crystalline structure. Additionally, the modification impeded paste formation, reduced swelling power, and lowered pasting enthalpy, while increasing the content of slowly digestible starch and resistant starch. These findings provided a basis to enhance the functional properties of starch‐based materials, which could be applied to improve the texture and stability of food products such as sauces, dressings, and desserts in the food industry.
Current utilisation of advanced techniques and technologies in palliative radiation therapy in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Pathmanathan Pavthrun , Roos Daniel , Pope Kathy , James Melissa L , Lah Minjae , Frampton Chris M 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe techniques employed in palliative radiation therapy are highly variable, ranging from basic (2D/3D‐conformal) to more advanced (beam modulation and stereotactic techniques), and their relative use has not previously been formally investigated at a national level. The purpose of this work was to assess the current utilisation of palliative techniques and technologies in Australia and New Zealand (ANZ).MethodsA voluntary, anonymous, internet‐based, RANZCR approved survey was offered to all practising radiation oncology (RO) Fellows in ANZ. Participants selected their preferred methods of managing patients in five case studies involving bone, brain, lung metastases and locally advanced lung cancer.ResultsFrom October 2022 to February 2023, 146 of 485 eligible participants (30%) responded. In all, 61% and 81% would treat an uncomplicated breast cancer solitary spinal metastasis with stereotactic body radiation therapy routinely and ideally, respectively; 11% and 32% would treat a solitary lung cancer brain metastasis with dedicated stereotactic radiosurgery routinely and ideally; 36% and 56% would treat multiple low‐volume brain metastases with a stereotactic technique routinely and ideally. There was negligible difference in the routine and preferred use of advanced technologies for a solitary bowel cancer lung metastasis; 69% and 77% would treat a locally advanced primary lung cancer with an advanced technique routinely and ideally. Relative to Australia, NZ ROs routinely treat uncomplicated solitary spinal metastases (P < 0.001), solitary brain metastases (P < 0.001), multiple low‐volume brain metastases (P < 0.02), and locally advanced primary lung cancer (P < 0.001) more commonly with basic technologies, mainly due to limited local availability of advanced technology and departmental waiting lists.ConclusionParticipants generally favoured treating with advanced techniques and technologies in palliative settings, if available, but there were notable disparities between the two countries. Enhanced local access and clinical training may facilitate optimal utilisation of advanced technologies and improve clinical outcomes.
Sickle cell disease in India: Not just a mild condition
Authors: Kochhar Manpreet , McGann Patrick T. 
Published: November 2024

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a common and life‐threatening global health problem, with more than 500 000 affected infants born annually. The burden of SCD in sub‐Saharan Africa is well established, but the comparably high prevalence in India is not well recognized and many consider SCD in India to be less severe. In their paper, a national study in India demonstrated the significant impact of SCD for patients, families and the healthcare system, supporting a call to action to recognize and address SCD as a serious and common health condition in India.Commentary on: Seth et al. Burden of vaso‐occlusive crisis, its management, and impact on quality of life of Indian sickle cell disease patients. Br J Haematol 2025; 206:296‐309.
The sustainable challenge: Where does social psychology stand in achieving the sustainable development goals?
Authors: Prandelli Marta , Rizzoli Valentina , Tolusso Emiliano 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe United Nations Agenda 2030, inclusive of its 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs), serves as the global blueprint for sustainability for both present and future generations. Scientific research is entrusted with the responsibility of contributing by informing the current situation and future challenges in achieving the SDGs. This paper investigates the role of social psychology in contributing to the SDGs and the environmental, economic and social pillars of the UN Agenda. We analysed 4808 papers using Natural Language Processing to identify (i) the relevance of social psychology within the SDG‐related literature and (ii) the current and potential contribution of social psychology to the SDGs. Results highlight that social psychology contributes to the SDGs by addressing typical social issues, primarily those related to health and gender, while noting its under‐representation in some environmental and economic areas, despite social psychology well‐established research on these topics. This paper introduces a novel approach for assessing the SDGs, fostering a critical reflection on the SDG framework and social psychology to guide less explored research paths. This approach could potentially enhance the evaluation and advancement of the 2030 Agenda, facilitating a deeper dialogue between the scientific community and policymakers, driving social change.
Safety of and chorioretinal circulation during repeated low‐level red‐light therapy for myopic children
Authors: Jiang Zhaoxin , Chen Shuyu , Wang Renchun , Ma Jin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the safety of repeated low‐level red‐light (RLRL) therapy in children, and the dynamic evolution of choroidal and retinal blood flow.MethodsThis is a single‐centre, randomised, single‐blind, parallel‐group clinical trial. Seventy myopic children were randomly assigned to either the intervention group [receiving RLRL therapy plus single‐vision spectacle (SVS)] or the control group (wearing SVS). Participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examinations following their first irradiation, 9 months continuous RLRL therapy and stop of treatment. Quantitative analyses of choroidal and retinal microcirculation were analysed via optical coherence tomography angiography.ResultsOver 9 months of treatment, while the RLRL treatment demonstrated significantly less increases in refractive error and axial length compared with the SVS treatment (ps < 0.05), no abnormalities in fundus structure or visual function (mfERG, VEP and microperimetry) were detected (ps > 0.05). A single red‐light exposure did not exert a significant influence on choroidal thickness (ps > 0.05). Upon continuous treatment, the RLRL group achieved peak values in these circulations at 9 months (ps < 0.05). Following cessation of exposure, all circulations exhibited a declining trend, reaching similar levels in both groups (ps > 0.05). As the frequency of red‐light exposures intensified, there was a consistent surge in these circulations (ps < 0.05).ConclusionsNine months of continuous RLRL exposure does not cause toxic side effects on retinal or optic nerve functions, and there is a time‐dependent cumulative response in choroidal and retinal circulation.
The Optimal Radiotherapy Strategy for Patients With Small Cell Lung Cancer and Brain Metastasis: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Zeng Qian , Chu Xianjing , Xiao Gang , Zhang Jing , Zhang Yingying , Long Bin , Yang Lei , Tan Zhaohua , Zhou Rongrong 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundExtensive‐stage small cell lung cancer (ES‐SCLC) is a notoriously aggressive malignancy frequently associated with brain metastases (BMs), presenting substantial therapeutic challenges. This study delves into the effectiveness of immunotherapy combined with diverse radiotherapy, especially the influence of brain radiotherapy (BRT) on survival outcomes in the immunotherapy era.MethodsES‐SCLC patients treated at Xiangya Hospital and Xiangya Boai Hospital from February 2020 to June 2024 were retrospectively included. The study focused on patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Metrics included overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS), employing univariate and multivariate Cox regression models for statistical analysis.ResultsA total of 393 patients with ES‐SCLC who received ICIs were included in the study. Within the entire cohort, the presence of baseline BMs did not statistically affect OS or PFS. However, thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) was identified as a favorable prognostic factor for both OS and PFS. BRT demonstrated a beneficial effect on OS across both the general cohort and the baseline_BMs subgroup. In patients from the baseline_BMs subgroup who had previously undergone TRT, ICIs plus BRT did not significantly improve OS compared to ICIs alone. Conversely, for patients who had not received prior TRT, adding BRT to ICIs significantly enhanced OS. Among the patients who underwent BRT, 71 received whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) while 19 opted for stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). No significant differences in OS and PFS were observed between the SRS and WBRT modalities. The sequence of ICIs relative to BRT was found to influence PFS adversely. Administering BRT before ICIs (RT‐ICI) was associated with worse PFS compared to administering ICIs followed by BRT (ICI‐RT). Additionally, no significant differences in OS and PFS were noted among the three subgroups defined by varying intervals between ICIs and BRT. For patients without baseline BMs, TRT and prophylactic cranial irradiation were associated with delayed onset of brain metastases.ConclusionsOur study underscores the importance of optimizing treatment strategies and considering the timing and integration of radiotherapy and immunotherapy to improve outcomes for patients with ES‐SCLC, particularly those at risk of or presenting with BMs.
Age‐Related Diversification and Specialization in the Mental Lexicon: Comparing Aggregate and Individual‐Level Network Approaches
Authors: Jeong Dasol , Hills Thomas T. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe mental lexicon changes across the lifespan. Prior work, aggregating data among individuals of similar ages, found that the aging lexicon, represented as a network of free associations, becomes more sparse with age: degree and clustering coefficient decrease and average shortest path length increases. However, because this work is based on aggregated data, it remains to be seen whether or not individuals show a similar pattern of age‐related lexical change. Here, we demonstrate how an individual‐level approach can be used to reveal differences that vary systematically with age. We also directly compare this approach with an aggregate‐level approach, to show how these approaches differ. Our individual‐level approach follows the logic of many past approaches by comparing individual data as they are situated within population‐level data. To do this, we produce a conglomerate network from population‐level data and then identify how data from individuals of different ages are situated within that network. Though we find most qualitative patterns are preserved, individuals produce associates that have a higher clustering coefficient in the conglomerate network as they age. Alongside a reduction in degree, this suggests more specialized but clustered knowledge with age. Older individuals also reveal a pattern of increasing distance among the associates they produce in response to a single cue, indicating a more diverse range of associations. We demonstrate these results for three different languages: English, Spanish, and Dutch, which all show the same qualitative patterns of differences between aggregate and individual network approaches. These results reveal how individual‐level approaches can be taken with aggregate data and demonstrate new insights into understanding the aging lexicon.
Development and Validation of an Individualized Nomogram for Predicting Patent Foramen Ovale‐Associated Stroke: Patent Foramen Ovale Morphology‐Based Analysis
Authors: Zhang Qin , Xiao Mochao , Lu Wuzhu , Lin Yuhong , Gao Ziqing , Chen Yuzhuo , Tian Jiali , Su Zhongzhen , Chen Xiaobo 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundWe previously reported four patent foramen ovale (PFO) morphological types that influenced right‐to‐left shunt (RLS) grades. Herein, we aimed to study the relationship between PFO morphology and cryptogenic stroke (CS). We further developed a nomogram based on four PFO morphological types and functional parameters to guide clinicians in judging the risk of PFO‐associated stroke.MethodsThis was a retrospective observational study involving adult patients with PFO between January 2020 and November 2022. Patients were divided into a PFO‐associated stroke group (CS group) and a group without cryptogenic stroke (non‐CS group). Four types of PFO and RLS grades were analyzed. Nomograms were made to predict PFO‐associated stroke using multivariable logistic regression analysis. The discrimination performance of the model was internally validated and assessed using the receiver operating characteristic.ResultsWe enrolled 389 patients (male, 182 patients; female, 207 patients) with PFO, the mean age was 43.3 ± 8.1 years. The derivation cohort comprised 293 patients (CS group, 186 patients; non‐CS group, 107 patients). The predictive nomogram comprised PFO morphological types, interatrial septum (IAS) mobility distance, septum primum thickness, PFO channel length at rest, and contrast‐transthoracic echocardiography (c‐TTE) RLS grade during the Valsalva maneuver. A validation cohort was established (CS group, 61 patients; non‐CS group, 35 patients). The model area under the curve (AUC) was 0.891 (95% confidence interval = 0.855−0.928) in the derivation cohort and 0.935 (95% confidence interval = 0.885−0.986) in the validation cohort. Calibration curve analysis showed that the nomogram had a C‐index of 0.891 in the derivation cohort and 0.935 in the validation cohort. The decision curve analysis (DCA) indicated that the nomogram had clinical applicability.ConclusionsAdding four PFO morphological types improved the risk stratification capability for PFO‐associated stroke. The nomogram can identify high or low‐risk PFO individuals and select patients who will likely benefit from interventional device closure.
A Noninvasive Prediction Model With Simple Echocardiographic Variables for Shunts Closure Possibility in Patients With Posttricuspid Valve Shunt Defect
Authors: Li Hezhi , Huang Zehan , Huang Zhengan , Li Xiaoshan , Zhang Caojin , Fei Hongwen 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAs right heart catheterization (RHC) is invasive and not always accessible, this study developed a noninvasive model (P‐echo) to predict shunt closure feasibility in adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) patients with post‐tricuspid valve shunt defects (PTD), specifically isolated ventricular septal defects (VSD) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).MethodsA retrospective analysis of 1474 VSD or PDA patients from 2012 to 2022 was conducted. Echocardiographic parameters were assessed, and key variables identified via LASSO regression. The P‐echo model incorporated left to right velocity (LRv), right to left velocity (RLv), tricuspid regurgitation (TR), pulmonary artery diameter (PA), and RV/LV ratio. Its predictive performance was evaluated using ROC curve analysis.ResultsThe P‐echo model demonstrated excellent predictive performance with AUC values of 0.975 (95% CI: 0.965–0.984) in the derivation set, 0.963 (95% CI: 0.937–0.989) in the validation set, and high accuracy in both PDA (AUC 0.975, 95% CI: 0.965–0.984) and VSD (AUC 0.958, 95% CI: 0.936–0.980) subsets. In the derivation set, the model categorized patients into low (9.1% closure rate), medium (70.9% closure rate), and high‐risk groups (99.7% closure rate) for shunt closure feasibility. Calibration plots confirmed the model's accuracy. Decision curve analysis showed a higher net benefit across a range of threshold probabilities, indicating the clinical usefulness of the model.ConclusionsThe P‐echo model is a robust and reliable tool for predicting the feasibility of shunt closure in patients with PTD, offering a noninvasive alternative to RHC. This model can guide clinical decision‐making and support individualized treatment strategies in ACHD management.