bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eosinophils of the horse: Part I: Development, distribution, structure and biochemical mediators
Authors: Brosnahan M. M. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryEosinophils are becoming the target of increasing research interest as recent studies suggest that their role in immune homoeostasis and the immune response to disease is far more complex than previously understood. Historically, the horse eosinophil has been used to study basic eosinophil biology because of the considerable volume of blood required to obtain enough viable cells for reliable, repeatable experiments. This resulted in a large but disseminated body of literature pertaining to the structure and function of the horse eosinophil. More recently, equine clinicians have produced case reports and clinical studies in an effort to define the role of the eosinophil in diseases of the horse. A thorough review of the equine eosinophil incorporating both bench research and clinical reports does not exist. The objective of this two‐part review is to fill this need by integrating the basic science and clinical research into a comprehensive body of work on what is known specifically about the horse eosinophil, and its role in equine health and disease. Part I summarises the development and tissue distribution of eosinophils in the normal horse, and presents what is known about the cell structure, migration and biochemical mediators of the horse eosinophil. Part II reviews the role of the eosinophil in diseases of the horse, and concludes with a summary of knowledge gaps and open research questions to benefit both those who wish to use the equine eosinophil as a model for basic science research, and those whose primary interest lies with diseases of horse.
The decline of fisheries on the Madeira River, Brazil: The high cost of the hydroelectric dams in the Amazon Basin
Authors: Santos Rangel E. , Pinto‐Coelho Ricardo M. , Fonseca Rogério , Simões Nadson R. , Zanchi Fabrício B. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDespite being considered beneficial by providing a clean and renewable source of energy, the construction of hydroelectric dams has extremely negative implications for Amazonian fisheries. This study investigated the impacts of the Santo Antônio and Jirau hydroelectric dams on the fishery stocks of the Madeira River. This investigation was based on fish catch data from the Z‐31 fishing colony, located in the municipality of Humaitá, in Amazonas State, Northern Brazil. Data were collected daily and provided information on the date of return from each trip, the fish species targeted, and the total catch (kg) between January 2002 and September 2017. The results indicated reductions of 39% in the mean annual catch and 34% in the mean monthly catches. These results highlight the high price paid by local fish communities for the development of hydroelectric power in the Amazon basin.
Predatory Short Sales and Bailouts
Authors: Kranz Sebastian , Löffler Gunter , Posch Peter N. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This paper extends the literature on predatory short selling and bailouts through a joint analysis of the two. We consider a model with informed short sales, as well as uninformed predatory short sales, which can trigger the inefficient liquidation of a firm. We obtain several novel results: A government commitment to bail out insolvent firms with positive probability can increase welfare because it selectively deters predatory short selling without hampering desirable informed short sales. Contrasting a common view, bailouts can be optimal ex ante but undesirable ex post. Furthermore, bailouts in our model are a better policy tool than short selling restrictions. Welfare gains from the bailout policy are unevenly distributed: shareholders gain while taxpayers lose. Bailout taxes allow ex ante Pareto improvements.
Protective effect of angiotensin II receptor blocker against oxidative stress and inflammation in an oral mucositis experimental model
Authors: Araújo Aurigena Antunes de , Araújo Lorena de Souza , Medeiros Caroline Addison Carvalho Xavier de , Leitão Renata Ferreira de Carvalho , Brito Gerly Anne de Castro , Costa Deiziane Viana da Silva , Guerra Gerlane Coelho Bernardo , Garcia Vinicius Barreto , Lima Maria Laura de Souza , Araújo Junior Raimundo Fernandes de 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of olmesartan medoxomil (Olme), an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, on oral mucositis (OM) experimental model.MethodsOral mucositis was induced in hamsters with 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU; 60 mg/kg day 1 and 40 mg/kg day 2). Animals (n = 10/group) were pretreated with oral Olme (1, 5, or 10 mg/kg) or vehicle 30 minutes before 5‐FU injection and daily, until day 10. Cheek pouch samples were subjected to histopathological and immunostaining analysis of IL‐1β, TNF‐α, IL‐10, TGF‐β, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), SOD, MMP‐2 and FGF‐2. In addition, IL‐1β and TNF‐α levels were evaluated by ELISA. Myeloperoxidase activity (MPO), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were investigated by spectroscopic UV/VIS analysis. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reactions (RT‐PCRs) were used to quantify the expression of IL‐1β, TNF‐α, NF‐κBp65, MKP1 and ACE2. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and extracellular regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 protein levels were analysed by Western blot.ResultsTreatment with 10 mg/kg Olme reduced ulceration, inflammatory cell infiltration, MPO activity, MDA levels, iNOS and ERK1/2 proteins levels, MIF expression and TNF‐α and IL‐1β of levels and gene expression. These findings were associated with a significant increase in the immunostaining of IL‐10, FGF‐2 and TGF‐β. In addition, gene expression of IL‐1β, TNF‐α, NF‐κBp65 MKP1 and ACE2 was decreased.ConclusionOlmesartan at a dose of 10 mg/kg prevented the mucosal damage and inflammation associated with 5‐FU‐induced OM, increasing granulation and tissue repair.
Better Hearing is Better Seeing: Molecular Photoacoustic Contrast Agents
Authors: Brückner Christian 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe photoacoustic effect—the generation of a sound wave upon absorption of light by a sample—was developed over the past decades into photoacoustic imaging (PAI), and related technologies. These imaging modalities combine the advantages of optical imaging techniques (high resolution) with those of ultrasonic imaging (deep imaging depth). The light absorption by a tissue sample can be because of endogenous absorbers (such as hemoglobin or melanins). Alternatively—and most advantageously—is the use of exogenous dyes as contrast agents. Borg and Rochford present in this Journal (Photochem. Photobiol., 2018, https://doi.org/10.1111/php.12967) a comprehensive review of molecular dyes reported as contrast agents for PAI, referred to as molecular photoacoustic contrast agents (MPACs). Highlighted here is PAI as a most promising biomedical imaging modality and the importance of the rational development of novel, high‐efficiency MPACs, an endeavor for which Borg and Rochford provided an excellent resource for novices and experts in the field, and anyone else interested in bioimaging or the interaction of light with chromophores.
Nanolipid Formulations of Benzoporphyrin Derivative: Exploring the Dependence of Nanoconstruct Photophysics and Photochemistry on Their Therapeutic Index in Ovarian Cancer Cells
Authors: Obaid Girgis , Jin Wendong , Bano Shazia , Kessel David , Hasan Tayyaba 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWith the rapidly emerging designs and applications of light‐activated, photodynamic therapy (PDT)‐based nanoconstructs, photonanomedicines (PNMs), an unmet need exists to establish whether conventional methods of photochemical and photophysical characterization of photosensitizers are relevant for evaluating new PNMs in order to intelligently guide their design. As a model system, we build on the clinical formulation of benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD), Visudyne®, by developing a panel of nanolipid formulations entrapping new lipidated chemical variants of BPD with differing chemical, photochemical and photophysical properties. These are 16:0 and 20:0 lysophosphocholine‐BPD (16:0/20:0 BPD‐PC), DSPE‐PEG‐BPD and BPD‐cholesterol. We show that Visudyne® was the most phototoxic formulation to OVCAR‐5 cells, and the least effective was liposomal DSPE‐PEG‐BPD. However, these differences did not match their optical, photophysical and photochemical properties, as the static BPD quenching was highest in Visudyne, which also exhibited the lowest generation of singlet oxygen. Furthermore, we establish that OVCAR‐5 cell phototoxicity also does not correlate with rates of photosensitizer photobleaching and fluorescence quantum yields in any nanolipid formulations. These findings warrant critical future studies into subcellular targets and molecular mechanisms of phototoxicity of photodynamic nanoconstructs, as more reliable prognostic surrogates for predicting efficacy to appropriately and intelligently guide their design.
‘Tossing and turning your booke upside downe’: The Trimming of Thomas Nashe, Cambridge, and Scholarly Reading
Authors: Hasler Rebecca 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis article explores the distinctive culture of critical reading based around the University of Cambridge in the 1590s. Drawing upon new evidence that The Trimming of Thomas Nashe (1597) was produced by a Cambridge stationer for an audience of Cambridge scholars, it reconstructs the literary values of this community. The Trimming parodies Nashe's Have With You to Saffron‐Walden (1596). Its purported author – Richard Lichfield – draws upon his close reading of Have With You to attack Nashe by imitating his style. Similarly, the Parnassus Plays – which were performed at St John's College, Cambridge, between 1598 and 1601 – allude to the works of Nashe and Lichfield, and offer a comparable appraisal of contemporary literature. By unravelling the connections between Nashe, Lichfield, and the Parnassus Plays, this article demonstrates that some writers and stationers marketed their works to a specifically scholarly audience. These scholars used critical reading to reinforce a sense of community that was characterized by their perceived social and educational superiority to other readers, and that responded to their insecurities regarding the role of professional writers in the Elizabethan book trade.
Patients with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest show decreased human leucocyte antigen‐DR expression on monocytes and B and T lymphocytes after return of spontaneous circulation
Authors: Qi Zhijiang , An Le , Liu Bo , Zhang Qiang , Yin Wenpeng , Yu Han , Li Chunsheng 
Published: August 2018

AbstractImmune disorders are an important feature of patients with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). However, the precise immune alterations in patients with OHCA that occur immediately after ROSC are unclear. In this study, we investigated human leucocyte antigen‐DR (HLA‐DR) expression on circulatory monocytes and B and T lymphocytes. Sixty‐eight consecutive patients with OHCA with ROSC >12 hours were enrolled. Clinical data and 28‐day survival were recorded. Peripheral blood samples after ROSC days 1 and 3 were analysed to evaluate HLA‐DR expression. Fifty healthy individuals were enrolled as controls. Compared with levels in healthy individuals, HLA‐DR expression on monocytes and B lymphocytes, but not on T lymphocytes, decreased on days 1 and 3 after ROSC. No significant difference in HLA‐DR expression was detected between survivors and non‐survivors on day 1. For 41 patients with expression data for days 1 and 3, HLA‐DR expression on monocytes and B lymphocytes in non‐survivors was lower than that in survivors on day 3. In non‐survivors, the mean fluorescence intensities of HLA‐DR on B lymphocytes and percentages of HLA‐DR+ T lymphocytes were lower on day 3 than on day 1. On days 1 and 3, there were significant correlations between HLA‐DR expression on monocytes and B lymphocytes and clinical indicators, such as time to ROSC, adrenaline dose, acute physiology, chronic health evaluation II and the sequential organ failure assessment. The decreases in HLA‐DR expression on circulatory monocytes and B and T lymphocytes after ROSC may be involved in the observed immunosuppression in patients with OHCA.
Rethinking biomedicine in the age of translational research: Organisational, professional, and epistemic encounters
Authors: Crabu Stefano 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn the most recent decade, translational research (TR) has played a pivotal role in the production and circulation of medical knowledge and technologies, thus redefining biomedicine's moral force, its cultural authority, and its status in society. As a major component of contemporary life sciences, TR—or more commonly, translational biomedicine—aims to transfer more quickly and effectively the findings of basic science into therapeutic interventions for patients by means of innovative organisational arrangements, research methodologies, protocols, and professional roles. This article brings together sociological research examining translational biomedicine from different perspectives to accomplish two goals. First, it offers a comprehensive introduction to the social science debate concerning the growing adoption of a TR framework in biomedicine, with a special focus on the organisational, professional, and epistemological issues. Second, the article has an operational purpose to raise questions about the main methodological repercussions for social scientists facing the investigation of TR as a complex and multi‐sited phenomenon that challenges traditional qualitative/quantitative research approaches.
Children’s narrative story stem responses: Contributions of executive functioning and language proficiency to relationship representations
Authors: Dealy Jennifer , Mudrick Hannah , Robinson JoAnn 
Published: August 2018

AbstractStory stem narrative tasks provide insight into young children's inner experiences. Little research has investigated how developmental capacities impact narrative content and process. This study evaluates the influence of executive functioning (EF) and language ability on children's narratives. Data were gathered from 210 low‐income children. EF and language ability were assessed at age 4 and EF was assessed at age 6 via direct examination, cognitive‐motor tasks, and examiner ratings. Children's responses to eight story stems were gathered at age 6; three latent narrative variables were constructed (Prosocial, Aggressive/Conflict, and Avoidance/Danger), and Narrative Coherence was rated. Results of longitudinal path analyses in structural equation modeling demonstrated age 4 EF significantly predicted all narrative outcomes. Language ability independently predicted Prosocial and Narrative Coherence, and had an influence on Aggression/Conflict when modeled with EF. Age 6 EF mediated the relationship between age 4 EF and narrative outcomes. Findings provide insight into developmental abilities that influence on children's narrative responses to challenging interpersonal scenarios. Future research should study parent–child relations, EF, and language abilities simultaneously.
Pink‐awned weedy rice (Oryza sativa): a potential conduit for gene exchange in rice agro‐ecosystems
Authors: Vigueira C C , Burgos N R , Lawton‐Rauh A L 
Published: August 2018

SummaryHybridisation between genetically distinct lineages results in increases in overall genetic diversity and is a potential mechanism for the origin and spread of adaptive alleles. Weed and crop hybridisation may result in weedy ecotypes, which have, in addition to classic weedy traits such as seed shattering and long seed dormancy, crop traits that enhance weediness, such as adaptation to field cultivation and harvest strategies. Weedy rice (Oryza sativa) hybridises with cultivated rice and, in the process, may produce new (pink‐awned) weedy rice varieties. Pink‐awned (PA) weedy rice plants have been observed in rice fields in Arkansas. We explored the genetic relationships between PA weedy rice, crop rice, global rice accessions and other weedy rice ecotypes present in the southern United States. Gene sequencing of 48 sequence‐tagged sites (STS loci) revealed a pattern of hybridisation and gene flow between blackhull weedy rice and tropical japonica rice (O. sativa subsp. japonica) cultivars. Our data suggest that PA rice originates from hybridisation between blackhull weedy rice and tropical japonica rice. PA rice offspring segregate phenotypic traits associated with weediness in rice. This segregation could lead to adaptive allele combinations in PA rice, which could potentially move into other weedy rice types through subsequent hybridisation events.
Pulmonary vascular dysfunction in metabolic syndrome
Authors: Willson Conor , Watanabe Makiko , Tsuji‐Hosokawa Atsumi , Makino Ayako 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMetabolic syndrome is a critically important precursor to the onset of many diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, and cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. The primary risk factors of metabolic syndrome include hyperglycaemia, abdominal obesity, dyslipidaemia, and high blood pressure. It has been well documented that metabolic syndrome alters vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cell functions in the heart, brain, kidney and peripheral vessels. However, there is less information available regarding how metabolic syndrome can affect pulmonary vascular function and ultimately increase an individual's risk of developing various pulmonary vascular diseases, such as pulmonary hypertension. Here, we review in detail how metabolic syndrome affects pulmonary vascular function.
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The Effect of Cardiac Rehabilitation in Men With and Without Prostate Cancer: A Retrospective, Comparative Cohort Study
Authors: Bonsignore Alis , Field David , Speare Rebecca , Dolan Lianne , Oh Paul , Santa Mina Daniel 
Published: August 2018

Background: Men with prostate cancer (PCa) may be referred to cardiac rehabilitation (CR) following a significant cardiac event, but it is unknown if these men have different effects of CR from men without a history of PCa. Purpose: To compare the effect of CR on cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak), body fat percentage, and body mass index in men with and without a history of PCa. Methods: CR participants with PCa were retrospectively compared with a cohort matched on age, clinical indication for CR, and date of referral to the CR program. Participants completed the standardized CR program at the Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, including 1 weekly supervised group session and 4 additional weekly home sessions including aerobic and resistance training for 26 weeks. Results: Twenty-seven (n = 27) men with PCa were identified and matched 1∶1 with controls. VO2peak increased in the PCa group (16.9 [5.1]–19.6 [6.2] mL·kg−1·min−1; Δ 2.7 mL·kg−1·min−1, P < .05) and in the control group (16.4 [4.2]–20.2 [5.8] mL·kg−1·min−1; Δ 3.8 mL·kg−1·min−1, P < .05) as a result of engaging in CR. There were no significant between-group differences in the postintervention outcomes (P > .05). Conclusions: Men with and without PCa experience comparable benefits following CR completion.
Systematic Dissection of the Evolutionarily Conserved WetA Developmental Regulator across a Genus of Filamentous Fungi
Authors: Wu Ming-Yueh , Mead Matthew E. , Lee Mi-Kyung , Ostrem Loss Erin M. , Kim Sun-Chang , Rokas Antonis , Yu Jae-Hyuk 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT

Asexual sporulation is fundamental to the ecology and lifestyle of filamentous fungi and can facilitate both plant and human infection. In
Aspergillus
, the production of asexual spores is primarily governed by the BrlA→AbaA→WetA regulatory cascade. The final step in this cascade is controlled by the WetA protein and governs not only the morphological differentiation of spores but also the production and deposition of diverse metabolites into spores. While WetA is conserved across the genus
Aspergillus
, the structure and degree of conservation of the
wetA
gene regulatory network (GRN) remain largely unknown. We carried out comparative transcriptome analyses of comparisons between
wetA
null mutant and wild-type asexual spores in three representative species spanning the diversity of the genus
Aspergillus
:
A. nidulans
,
A. flavus
, and
A. fumigatus
. We discovered that WetA regulates asexual sporulation in all three species via a negative-feedback loop that represses BrlA, the cascade’s first step. Furthermore, data from chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) experiments in
A. nidulans
asexual spores suggest that WetA is a DNA-binding protein that interacts with a novel regulatory motif. Several global regulators known to bridge spore production and the production of secondary metabolites show species-specific regulatory patterns in our data. These results suggest that the BrlA→AbaA→WetA cascade’s regulatory role in cellular and chemical asexual spore development is functionally conserved but that the
wetA
-associated GRN has diverged during
Aspergillus
evolution.

IMPORTANCE
The formation of resilient spores is a key factor contributing to the survival and fitness of many microorganisms, including fungi. In the fungal genus
Aspergillus
, spore formation is controlled by a complex gene regulatory network that also impacts a variety of other processes, including secondary metabolism. To gain mechanistic insights into how fungal spore formation is controlled across
Aspergillus
, we dissected the gene regulatory network downstream of a major regulator of spore maturation (WetA) in three species that span the diversity of the genus: the genetic model
A. nidulans
, the human pathogen
A. fumigatus
, and the aflatoxin producer
A. flavus
. Our data show that WetA regulates asexual sporulation in all three species via a negative-feedback loop and likely binds a novel regulatory element that we term the WetA response element (WRE). These results shed light on how gene regulatory networks in microorganisms control important biological processes and evolve across diverse species.
Head and neck cancer risk factors in India: protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Poddar Aayush , Aranha Ritchlynn Ronald , K Muthukaliannan Gothandam , Nachimuthu Ramesh , Jayaraj Rama 
Published: August 2018

IntroductionDemographic, behavioural and environmental factors have been associated with increased risk of head and neck cancer (HNC). We will review published reports and explore connections between risk factors and HNC incidence. This protocol aims to provide strategies for a systematic review and meta-analysis of HNC risk factor analysis in India. It also provides guidelines in order to visualise obtained HNC risk factor data in the form of a heat-map highlighting variations across gender, age and geographical location.Methods and analysisWe will identify well-established HNC risk factors and perform a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify each risk factor’s impact on HNC incidence. A systematic search will be performed to identify the studies and published reports of HNC risk factors in India. Meta-analysis will be conducted to estimate the proportional contribution of the most prevalent risk factor in HNC on a city-wide basis in Indian states and territories.Ethics and disseminationThe review protocol draws on publicly available anonymised data without directly involving human participants and therefore requires neither formal human ethical review nor approval by a human research ethics committee. We published an outline of the protocol in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) in 2017. The results will provide an updated analysis of HNC risk factor prevalence in India, and we will discuss the applicability of rehabilitation care. We plan to disseminate the findings of this systematic review through publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presentation at relevant conference proceedings.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017077758.