bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Mössbauer spectroscopy, multidimensional discriminant analysis, and Mahalanobis distance for classification of equilibrated ordinary chondrites
Authors: Woźniak Marek , Gałązka‐Friedman Jolanta , Duda Przemysław , Jakubowska Martyna , Rzepecka Patrycja , Karwowski Łukasz 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMössbauer spectra of equilibrated ordinary chondrites consist of two doublets due to paramagnetic iron present in olivines and pyroxenes and two sextets due to magnetically ordered iron present in metallic phases and troilite. The spectral areas of the different mineralogical phases found by Mössbauer spectroscopy in meteorites are proportional to the number of iron atoms in this mineralogical phase. This property of Mössbauer spectra can be the basis for constructing a method for the classification of ordinary chondrites. This idea was first explored at the Mössbauer Laboratory in Kanpur. This group suggested a qualitative method based on 2‐dimensional plots of Mössbauer spectral areas and thus classified properly some meteorites. We constructed a quantitative method using Mössbauer spectral areas, multidimensional discriminant analysis, and Mahalanobis distance (4M method) to determine the probability of a meteorite to be of type H, L, orLL. Based on 59 Mössbauer spectra, we calculated by the 4M method,Scluster, thelevel of similarityof the Goronyo meteorite to the clusters. On the plot of ferrosilite versus fayalite, the point representing Goronyo is located on the border between H and L areas. Calculated by the 4M method, the meteorite Goronyo is 32% similar to type H, 75% to type L, and 11% to typeLL. Additional mineralogical analyses suggested that the Goronyo meteorite would be classified as type L, although it was originally reported as type H in the Meteoritical Bulletin Database.
On the shock of civil war: cultural trauma and national identity in Finland and Ireland
Authors: Kissane Bill 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWhat role does national identity play after civil war? Is reconstruction possible on the basis of an existing identity, or does a new identity have to be found? Much depends on whether narratives of conflict are unifying. I use the tools of cultural sociology to explain why the Finnish Civil War of 1918 has become a unifying ‘cultural trauma’ for the Finns, whereas the Irish Civil War of 1922–23 never became the dominant referent in Irish national identity. The difference is explained by the greater shock civil war posed to Finnish national identity.
Ethno‐political subordination and patient dissatisfaction: The Kurdish case inHakkâriduring the AKP period in Turkey, 2003–2013
Authors: Corut Ilker 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article revolves around a puzzle: the persistence of patient dissatisfaction with the health services as a mass phenomenon in a Kurdish province,Hakkâri, through the 2000s, despite the striking and tangible improvements enacted by the Turkish state. This is, I argue, related to the deeply entrenched conviction on the part of Hakkârians that their lives count for little in the eyes of the Turkish state. Rooted in the history of state‐Kurds relations, this conviction manifests itself in Hakkârians' deep distrust of the very basis of health services received, like the skills and intentions of health staff, causing many Hakkârians to underestimate service improvement. Thus, it is concluded, patient satisfaction among an ethnically subordinated group with health services provided by a dominant ethnic group may be unavoidably informed and perhaps overwhelmingly determined by an awareness of the wider ethno‐power context and its history, irrespective, that is, of material improvements.
The ‘values journey’ of nursing and midwifery students selected using multiple mini interviews: Evaluations from a longitudinal study
Authors: Groothuizen Johanna Elise , Callwood Alison , Allan Helen Therese 
Published: June 2019

AbstractValues‐based practice is deemed essential for healthcare provision worldwide. In England, values‐based recruitment methods, such as multiple mini interviews (MMIs), are employed to ensure that healthcare students’ personal values align with the values of the National Health Service (NHS), which focus on compassion and patient‐centeredness. However, values cannot be seen as static constructs. They can be positively and negatively influenced by learning and socialisation. We have conceptualised students’ perceptions of their values over the duration of their education programme as a ‘values journey’. The aim of this hermeneutic longitudinal focus group study was to explore the ‘values journey’ of student nurses and midwives, recruited through MMIs, across the 3 years of their education programme. The study commenced in 2016, with 42 nursing and midwifery students, originally recruited onto their programmes through multiple mini interviews. At the third and final point of data collection, 25 participants remained. Findings indicate that students' confidence, courage and sense of accountability increased over the 3 years. However, their values were also shaped by time constraints, emotional experiences and racial discrimination. We argue that adequate psychological support is necessary as healthcare students embark on and progress through their values journey, and propose a framework for this.
Healthcare transition in pediatric liver transplantation: The perspectives of pediatric and adult healthcare professionals
Authors: Wright Jessica , Elwell Laura , McDonagh Janet , Kelly Deirdre , McClean Patricia , Ferguson James , Wray Jo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionTransition from pediatric to adult services of young people with a liver transplant is an important priority due to increasing numbers of young people surviving into adulthood. There is increased incidence of graft loss and non‐adherence following transfer to adult services. Although studies have considered the views and perceptions of young people who have undergone liver transplantation and their parents about transition, there is currently no qualitative research with healthcare professionals working in the field of liver transplantation. The aim of this study was to elicit the views of this group of stakeholders about barriers and facilitators of an effective transition process.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were carried out with 11 HCPs from pediatric and adult liver transplant programs and from a range of professional backgrounds. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultsFour themes were identified: “non‐adherence and psychosocial issues,” “need for better psychological support,” “the role of parents,” and “the emotional impact of transition on healthcare professionals.” Within these themes, professionals described factors which hindered or promoted an effective transition process.ConclusionsScreening tools which address psychological and social aspects of the lives of young people should be used in routine practice to identify patients requiring psychosocial support and to identify those at risk of non‐adherence. All staff involved with transition should be trained in the use of psychosocial screening strategies. The development of a formal referral pathway so that young people can access psychological support in adult services is recommended.
Venous thromboemboli associated with acute aerobic exercise: A review of case report commonalities
Authors: Taylor Beth A. , Parducci Paul M. , Zaleski Amanda L. , Panza Gregory A. , Pescatello Linda S. , Thompson Paul D. 
Published: June 2019

Venous thromboembolic (VTE) events such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) have been reported in otherwise low‐risk healthy athletes following acute bouts of aerobic exercise.PurposeTo review case reports and assess the commonalities of athletic individuals with VTE, as well as return‐to‐play (RTP) recommendations.MethodsWe reviewed 47 reports (20 DVTs, 15 PEs, and 12 DVTs/PEs, 19 women) of trained individuals who were diagnosed with DVT and/or PE following aerobic exercise. We assessed frequency of VTE risk factors, presenting symptoms, and RTP recommendations.ResultsThe age of women (24.6 ± 7.0 years) was lower (P < .01) than of men (40.6 ± 13.6 years). Of the 19 women, 14 (73.7%) used oral contraceptives. Thirteen cases (27.7%) reported a recent period of prolonged inactivity (>1 hour), and another 12 cases were found to have an antithrombin disorder following testing after diagnosis. The most frequently reported symptoms were muscle pain in 26 of 32 (81.3%) DVT or DVT/PE cases, and dyspnea in 21 of 27 (77.8%) PE or DVT/PE cases. Despite these common symptoms, the estimated time from first report of symptoms to confirmed diagnosis was 56.3 ± 118.7 days and 25 cases (53.2%) were initially misdiagnosed. Twenty‐three cases (48.9%) did not report RTP recommendations, and those which did varied widely.ConclusionsThirty‐two cases (~70%) had at least one of three major risk factors, suggesting that many cases of VTE in athletes may be preventable with better education and awareness. The wide variety of RTP recommendations highlights the need for standardized guidelines in this population.
Immunosuppression reduction in liver and kidney transplant recipients with suspected bacterial infection: A multinational survey
Authors: Shepshelovich Daniel , Tau Noam , Green Hefziba , Rozen‐Zvi Benaya , Issaschar Assaf , Falcone Marco , Coussement Julien , Zusman Oren , Manuel Oriol , Mor Eytan , Torre‐Cisneros Julian , Yahav Dafna 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere is no consensus on the optimal management of immunosuppression during bacterial infections among solid organ transplant recipients.MethodsA multicenter, cross‐sectional survey, of high‐volume kidney and liver transplant centers across US and Europe. Structured questionnaires including six multiple‐choice questions concerning the management of immunosuppression during infection were distributed among 381 centers.ResultsA total of 124 (33%) centers fully completed the questionnaire: 67 liver, 57 kidney centers. Participating centers reported heterogenous approaches to immunosuppression management for all types of immunosuppressive drugs. Notably, kidney centers reported similar frequencies of either discontinuation (19%), continuation (19%), or dose reduction (17.5%) of antimetabolites; discontinuation only for life‐threatening infection (17.5%) or case by case decisions (27%). Calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) management was heterogenous mostly among liver centers, with 8% discontinuing the CNI, 18% continuing, and 22% reducing dose. Heterogenous approaches to management of steroids and inhibitors of the mammalian target of rapamycin were also demonstrated.ConclusionsImmunosuppression management during bacterial infection is heterogenous in US and European centers. Immunosupression reduction (ISR) during infection is a common practice, though supported by limited evidence. Demonstrating high heterogeneity in the approach to ISR, together with the equivocal results of clinical studies, support consideration of an interventional clinical trial.
Maternal resveratrol administration protects against gestational diabetes‐induced glucose intolerance and islet dysfunction in the rat offspring
Authors: Brawerman Gabriel M. , Kereliuk Stephanie M. , Brar Navdeep , Cole Laura K. , Seshadri Nivedita , Pereira Troy J. , Xiang Bo , Hunt Kristin L. , Fonseca Mario A. , Hatch Grant M. , Doucette Christine A. , Dolinsky Vernon W. 
Published: June 2019

Key points
Maternal resveratrol (RESV) administration in gestational diabetes (GDM) restored normoglycaemia and insulin secretion.
GDM‐induced obesity was prevented in male GDM+RESV offspring but not in females.
GDM+RESV offspring exhibited improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity.
GDM+RESV restored hepatic glucose homeostasis in offspring.
Glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion was enhanced in GDM+RESV offspring.
AbstractGestational diabetes (GDM), the most common complication of pregnancy, is associated with adverse metabolic health outcomes in offspring. Using a rat model of diet‐induced GDM, we investigated whether maternal resveratrol (RESV) supplementation (147 mg kg–1 day–1) in the third week of pregnancy could improve maternal glycaemia and protect the offspring from developing metabolic dysfunction. Female Sprague–Dawley rats consumed a high‐fat and sucrose (HFS) diet to induce GDM. Lean controls consumed a low‐fat (LF) diet. In the third trimester, when maternal hyperglycaemia was observed, the HFS diet was supplemented with RESV. At weaning, offspring were randomly assigned a LF or HFS diet until 15 weeks of age. In pregnant dams, RESV restored glucose tolerance, normoglycaemia and improved insulin secretion. At 15 weeks of age, GDM+RESV‐HFS male offspring were less obese than the GDM‐HFS offspring. By contrast, the female GDM+RESV‐HFS offspring were similarly as obese as the GDM‐HFS group. Hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and dysregulated gluconeogenesis were observed in the male GDM offspring and were attenuated in the offspring of GDM+RESV dams. The dysregulation of several metabolic genes (e.g. ppara, lpl, pepck and g6p) in the livers of GDM offspring was attenuated in the GDM+RESV offspring group. Glucose stimulated insulin secretion was also improved in the islets from offspring of GDM+RESV dams. Thus, maternal RESV supplementation during the third trimester of pregnancy and lactation induced several beneficial metabolic health outcomes for both mothers and offspring. Therefore, RESV could be an alternative to current GDM treatments.
A Relative Adequacy Framework for Multi-Model Management in Design Optimization
Authors: Bayoumy Ahmed H. , Kokkolaras Michael 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We consider the problem of selecting among different physics-based computational models of varying, and oftentimes not assessed, fidelity for evaluating the objective and constraint functions in numerical design optimization. Typically, higher-fidelity models are associated with higher computational cost. Therefore, it is desirable to employ them only when necessary. We introduce a relative adequacy framework that aims at determining whether lower-fidelity models (that are typically associated with lower computational cost) can be used in certain areas of the design space as the latter is being explored during the optimization process. We implement our approach by means of a trust-region management framework that utilizes the mesh adaptive direct search derivative-free optimization algorithm. We demonstrate the link between feasibility and fidelity and the key features of the proposed approach using two design optimization examples: a cantilever flexible beam subject to high accelerations and an airfoil in transonic flow conditions.
Synthesis of a Spatial RRSS Mechanism for Path Generation Using the Numerical Atlas Method
Authors: Liu Wenrui , Sun Jianwei , Chu Jinkui 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
An open path synthesis method for a spatial revolute-revolute-spherical-spherical (RRSS) mechanism is presented in this paper. The mathematical model for the trajectory curve is established. The characteristics of an RRSS mechanism in a standard installation position are revealed: the projection points of the coupler curve on the Oxy plane rotate by the corresponding input angles around the z-axis, and the generated points lie on an ellipse. Based on this finding, a 17-dimensional path generation problem can be translated into two lower-dimensional matching recognition problems and one actual size and installation position calculation problem. The path generation can be achieved by three steps. First, a database of four dimensional rotation angle parameters is established. By comparing the similarities between the mechanism feature curve of the prescribed open curve and its corresponding mechanism feature ellipse (MFE), the angles of installation, the initial angle of the input link, and the elliptic feature parameters of the desired RRSS mechanism can be approximately determined. Then, a 13-dimensional dynamic self-adapting numerical atlas database is established, which contains six basic dimensional types (BDTs) and seven wavelet feature parameters, and the BDTs of the desired RRSS mechanism are obtained. Finally, based on the relationship between the MFE of the prescribed curve and the BDTs of the desired RRSS mechanism, the calculation models for the actual link lengths and installation positions of the desired RRSS mechanism were established. Three examples are presented in this paper.
Neuroimaging findings in newborns with congenital heart disease prior to surgery: an observational study
Authors: Kelly Christopher J , Arulkumaran Sophie , Tristão Pereira Catarina , Cordero-Grande Lucilio , Hughes Emer J , Teixeira Rui Pedro A G , Steinweg Johannes K , Victor Suresh , Pushparajah Kuberan , Hajnal Joseph V , Simpson John , Edwards A David , Rutherford Mary A , Counsell Serena J 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesNeurodevelopmental impairment has become the most important comorbidity in infants with congenital heart disease (CHD). We aimed to (1) investigate the burden of brain lesions in infants with CHD prior to surgery and (2) explore clinical factors associated with injury.Study designProspective observational study.SettingSingle centre UK tertiary neonatal intensive care unit.Patients70 newborn infants with critical or serious CHD underwent brain MRI prior to surgery.Main outcome measuresPrevalence of cerebral injury including arterial ischaemic strokes (AIS), white matter injury (WMI) and intracranial haemorrhage.ResultsBrain lesions were observed in 39% of subjects (95% CI 28% to 50%). WMI was identified in 33% (95% CI 23% to 45%), subdural haemorrhage without mass effect in 33% (95% CI 23% to 45%), cerebellar haemorrhage in 9% (95% CI 4% to 18%) and AIS in 4% (95% CI 1.5% to 12%). WMI was distributed widely throughout the brain, particularly involving the frontal white matter, optic radiations and corona radiata. WMI exhibited restricted diffusion in 48% of cases. AIS was only observed in infants with transposition of the great arteries (TGA) who had previously undergone balloon atrial septostomy (BAS). AIS was identified in 23% (95% CI 8% to 50%) of infants with TGA who underwent BAS, compared with 0% (95% CI 0% to 20%) who did not.ConclusionsCerebral injury in newborns with CHD prior to surgery is common.
Origins of disparities in preventable child mortality in England and Sweden: a birth cohort study
Authors: Zylbersztejn Ania , Gilbert Ruth , Hjern Anders , Hardelid Pia 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveTo compare mortality in children aged <5 years from two causes amenable to healthcare prevention in England and Sweden: respiratory tract infection (RTI) and sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI).DesignBirth cohort study using linked administrative health databases from England and Sweden.Setting and participantsSingleton live births between 2003 and 2012 in England and Sweden, followed up from age 31 days until the fifth birthday, death or 31 December 2013.Main outcome measuresThe main outcome measures were HR for RTI-related mortality at 31–364 days and at 1–4 years and SUDI mortality at 31–364 days in England versus Sweden estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. We calculated unadjusted HRs and HRs adjusted for birth characteristics (gestational age, birth weight, sex and congenital anomalies) and socioeconomic factors (maternal age and socioeconomic status).ResultsThe English cohort comprised 3 928 483 births, 768 RTI-related deaths at 31–364 days, 691 RTI-related deaths at 1–4 years and 1166 SUDIs; the corresponding figures for the Swedish cohort were 1 012 682, 131, 118 and 189. At 31–364 days, unadjusted HR for RTI-related death in England versus Sweden was 1.52 (95% CI 1.26 to 1.82). After adjusting for birth characteristics, the HR reduced to 1.16 (95% CI 0.96 to 1.40) and for socioeconomic factors to 1.11 (95% CI 0.92 to 1.34). At 1–4 years, unadjusted HR was 1.58 (95% CI 1.30 to 1.92) and decreased to 1.32 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.61) after adjusting for birth characteristics and to 1.30 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.59) after further adjustment for socioeconomic factors. For SUDI, the respective HRs were 1.59 (95% CI 1.36 to 1.85) in the unadjusted model, and 1.40 (95% CI 1.20 to 1.63) after accounting for birth characteristics and 1.19 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.39) in the fully adjusted model.ConclusionInterventions that improve maternal health before and during pregnancy to reduce the prevalence of adverse birth characteristics and address poverty could reduce child mortality due to RTIs and SUDIs in England.
Is injury associated with team performance in elite Australian football? 20 years of player injury and team performance data that include measures of individual player value
Authors: Hoffman Daniel Tyler , Dwyer Dan Brian , Bowe Steven J , Clifton Patrick , Gastin Paul B 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesTo determine whether specific injury measures were associated with team performance in the Australian Football League (AFL).Methods15 289 injuries caused players from 18 teams to miss 51 331 matches between 1997 and 2016. Data were aggregated to the team level. We analysed the associations among injury measures and team performance (reaching finals/playoffs and specific ladder/table position). Injury measures per team included: injury incidence, injury severity, injury burden, player match availability and percentage of the full player roster injured. We also weighted injury measures by five measures of player value.ResultsAFL teams’ injury burden and player match availability were associated with final table position (r2=0.03, p<0.05). Player value weighted injury burden was different between finalists and non-finalists (mean difference=−8, p<0.001) and explained 12% of the variation in the table position of teams (p<0.001). For a team, nine missed matches due to injury (burden weighted by a best and fairest player rating system) was associated with one lower table position. Player match availability weighted by player value was higher for finalists than non-finalists (mean difference=1.7, p<0.01) and explained 7% of the variation in the table position of teams (p<0.001).Discussion and potential implicationsThe impact of injury (burden weighted by best and fairest) explained up to 12% of the variation in final table position—this is particularly relevant to making/not making playoffs as well as home ground/travel advantages for those teams that make the one-game format of AFL playoffs (not home-away or best of seven format).