bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microvascular circulatory dysregulation driven in part by cystathionine gamma‐lyase: A new paradigm for cardiovascular compromise in the preterm newborn
Authors: Dyson Rebecca M. , Palliser Hannah K. , Wilding Nicole , Kelly Megan A. , Chwatko Grazyna , Glowacki Rafal , Berry Mary J. , Ni Xin , Wright Ian M. R. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveH2S may explain the dysregulation of microvascular tone associated with poor outcome following preterm birth. In adult vasculature, H2S is predominantly produced by CSE. We hypothesized that vascular CSE activity contributes to microvascular tone regulation during circulatory transition.MethodsPreterm (GA62) and full‐term (GA69) guinea pig fetuses and neonates were studied. Microvascular blood flow was assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry. Thiosulfate, primary urinary metabolite of H2S, was determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography. Real‐time H2S production was assessed using a microrespiration system in fetal and postnatal (10, 24 hours) skin and heart samples. CSE contribution was investigated by inhibition via propargylglycine.ResultsIn preterm animals, postnatal H2S production capacity in peripheral vasculature increased significantly and was significantly reduced by the inhibition of CSE. Urinary thiosulfate correlated with both microvascular blood flow and capacity of the vasculature to produce H2S. H2S produced via CSE did not correlate directly with microvascular blood flow.ConclusionsIn preterm neonates, H2S production increases during fetal‐to‐neonatal transition and CSE contribution to total H2S increases postnatally. CSE‐dependent mechanisms may therefore underpin the increase in H2S production over the first 72 hours of life in preterm human neonates, associated with both central and peripheral cardiovascular instability.
The small protein MgtS and small RNA MgrR modulate the PitA phosphate symporter to boost intracellular magnesium levels
Authors: Yin Xuefeng , Wu Orr Mona , Wang Hanbo , Hobbs Errett C. , Shabalina Svetlana A. , Storz Gisela 
Published: October 2018

SummaryIn response to low levels of magnesium (Mg2+), the PhoQP two component system induces the transcription of two convergent genes, one encoding a 31‐amino acid protein denoted MgtS and the second encoding a small, regulatory RNA (sRNA) denoted MgrR. Previous studies showed that the MgtS protein interacts with and stabilizes the MgtA Mg2+ importer to increase intracellular Mg2+ levels, while the MgrR sRNA base pairs with the eptB mRNA thus affecting lipopolysaccharide modification. Surprisingly, we found overexpression of the MgtS protein also leads to induction of the PhoRB regulon. Studies to understand this activation showed that MgtS forms a complex with a second protein, PitA, a cation‐phosphate symporter. Given that the additive effect of ∆mgtA and ∆mgtS mutations on intracellular Mg2+ concentrations seen previously is lost in the ∆pitA mutant, we suggest that MgtS binds to and prevents Mg2+ leakage through PitA under Mg2+‐limiting conditions. Consistent with a detrimental role of PitA in low Mg2+, we also observe MgrR sRNA repression of PitA synthesis. Thus, PhoQP induces the expression of two convergent small genes in response to Mg2+ limitation whose products act to modulate PitA at different levels to increase intracellular Mg2+.
Highlights and recent developments in food and drug allergy, and anaphylaxis in EAACI Journals (2017)
Authors: Eigenmann Philippe A. , Akdis Cezmi , Bousquet Jean , Grattan Clive E. , Hoffmann‐Sommergruber Karin , Hellings Peter W. , Agache Ioana 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis review highlights research advances and important achievements in food allergy, anaphylaxis, and drug allergy that were published in the Journals of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) in 2017. Food allergy and anaphylaxis research have continued to rapidly accelerate, with increasing numbers of outstanding developments in 2017. We saw new studies on the mechanisms, diagnosis, prevention of food allergy, and novel food allergens. Drug hypersensitivity, as well as hereditary angioedema, has been highlighted in the present review as the focus of recent developments. The EAACI owns three journals: Allergy, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology (PAI), and Clinical and Translational Allergy (CTA). One of the major goals of the EAACI is to support health promotion in which prevention of allergy and asthma plays a critical role and to disseminate the knowledge of allergy to all stakeholders including the EAACI junior members. This paper summarizes the achievements of 2017 in anaphylaxis, and food and drug allergy.
Exposure to Plasmodium vivax is associated with the increased expression of exhaustion markers on γδ T lymphocytes
Authors: Gogoi Dimpu , Biswas Dipankar , Borkakoty Biswajyoti , Mahanta Jagadish 
Published: October 2018

SummaryGamma delta (γδ) T cells exhibit potent anti‐Plasmodium activity but are also implicated in the immunopathology of malaria. It is currently poorly understood how γδ T cells are affected in human suffering from Plasmodium vivax infection or in symptomless individuals living in an endemic region. We examined both the percentages and expression of markers associated with immune exhaustion in γδ T cells in individuals living in a P. vivax endemic region by flow cytometry. The percentage of γδ T cells in the blood was significantly higher both in acute P. vivax‐positive patients and in individuals from an endemic region in comparison with control uninfected adults. The frequency of the expression of the exhaustion markers‐Tim‐3, Lag‐3, CTLA‐4 and PD‐1 was higher in γδ and total T cells from P. vivax‐infected patients than in those populations from control uninfected adults. Individuals from a P. vivax endemic region showed elevated percentages of Tim‐3‐, Lag‐3‐ and CTLA‐4‐positive γδ T cells and an increased percentage of Tim‐3‐positive total T cells. The phenotypic exhaustion of these cells might be a protective mechanism preventing the immunopathology associated with activated T cells and may provide a rationale for targeted manipulation of this process in diseases such as malaria.
The green microalga Lobosphaera incisa harbours an arachidonate 15S‐lipoxygenase
Authors: Djian B. , Hornung E. , Ischebeck T. , Feussner I. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

The green microalga Lobosphaera incisa is an oleaginous eukaryotic alga that is rich in arachidonic acid (20:4). Being rich in this polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), however, makes it sensitive to oxidation. In plants, lipoxygenases (LOXs) are the major enzymes that oxidise these molecules.

Here, we describe, to our best knowledge, the first characterisation of a cDNA encoding a LOX (LiLOX) from a green alga. To obtain first insights into its function, we expressed it in E. coli, purified the recombinant enzyme and analysed its enzyme activity.

The protein sequence suggests that LiLOX and plastidic LOXs from bryophytes and flowering plants may share a common ancestor. The fact that LiLOX oxidises all PUFAs tested with a consistent oxidation on the carbon n‐6, suggests that PUFAs enter the substrate channel through their methyl group first (tail first). Additionally, LiLOX form the fatty acid hydroperoxide in strict S configuration.

LiLOX may represent a good model to study plastid LOX, because it is stable after heterologous expression in E. coli and highly active in vitro. Moreover, as the first characterised LOX from green microalgae, it opens the possibility to study endogenous LOX pathways in these organisms.
Brain correlates of stress‐induced peripheral vasoconstriction in patients with cardiovascular disease
Authors: Shah Amit , Chen Chuqing , Campanella Carolina , Kasher Nicole , Evans Sarah , Reiff Collin , Mishra Sanskriti , Hammadah Muhammad , Lima Bruno B. , Wilmot Kobina , Al Mheid Ibhar , Alkhoder Ayman , Isakadze Nino , Levantsevych Oleksiy , Pimple Pratik M. , Garcia Ernest V. , Wittbrodt Matthew , Nye Jonathon , Ward Laura , Lewis Tené T. , Kutner Michael , Raggi Paolo , Quyyumi Arshed , Vaccarino Viola , Bremner J. Douglas 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe influence of acute psychological stress on cardiovascular disease is an emerging public health concern. Identification of brain mechanisms underlying this may aid in the discovery of possible treatments. Acute psychological stress may induce arteriolar vasoconstriction and reduce blood flow to vital organs. We hypothesized that functional changes in brain regions involved with memory and autonomic/emotional regulation are implicated in the vasoconstrictive stress response, including the medial prefrontal cortex (anterior cingulate), insula, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Subjects with a history of coronary artery disease (N = 59) underwent measurement of microvascular vasomotor tone with the EndoPAT device and O–15 positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of the brain during exposure to mental stress and control conditions. The peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT) ratio was calculated as the mean peripheral vasomotor tone during stress divided by the mean tone during rest. Whole brain contrasts were performed between groups above and below the median PAT ratio, and significant contrasts were defined with cutoff p < 0.005. Stress‐induced peripheral vasoconstriction (below median PAT ratio) was associated with increased stress activation in insula and parietal cortex, and decreased activation in the medial prefrontal cortex with stress tasks compared to control tasks. These findings demonstrate that stress‐induced vasoreactivity is associated with changes in brain responses to stress in areas involved in emotion and autonomic regulation. These findings have important implications on possible treatments for mental stress‐induced vascular toxicity.
Cost‐Effective Sampling and Analysis for Mycotoxins in a Cereal Batch
Authors: Focker M. , van der Fels‐Klerx H. J. , Oude Lansink A. G. J. M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe presence of hazards (e.g., contaminants, pathogens) in food/feed, water, plants, or animals can lead to major economic losses related to human and animal health or the rejection of batches of food or feed. Monitoring these hazards is important but can lead to high costs. This study aimed to find the most cost‐effective sampling and analysis (S&A) plan in the cases of the mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) in a wheat batch and aflatoxins (AFB1) in a maize batch. An optimization model was constructed, maximizing the number of correct decisions for accepting/rejecting a batch of cereals, with a budget as major constraint. The decision variables were the choice of the analytical method: instrumental method (e.g., liquid chromatography combined with mass‐spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS)), enzyme‐linked‐immuno‐assay (ELISA), or lateral flow devices (LFD), the number of incremental samples collected from the batch, and the number of aliquots analyzed. S&A plans using ELISA showed to be slightly more cost effective than S&A plans using the other two analytical methods. However, for DON in wheat, the difference between the optimal S&A plans using the three different analytical methods was minimal. For AFB1in maize, the cost effectiveness of the S&A plan using instrumental methods or ELISA were comparable whereas the S&A plan considering onsite detection with LFDs was least cost effective. In case of nonofficial controls, which do not have to follow official regulations for sampling and analysis, onsite detection with ELISA for both AFB1in maize and DON in wheat, or with LFDs for DON in wheat, could provide cost‐effective alternatives.
Developing a Broadly Applicable Measure of Risk Perception
Authors: Wilson Robyn S. , Zwickle Adam , Walpole Hugh 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDecades of research identify risk perception as a largely intuitive and affective construct, in contrast to the more deliberative assessments of probability and consequences that form the foundation of risk assessment. However, a review of the literature reveals that many of the risk perception measures employed in survey research with human subjects are either generic in nature, not capturing any particular affective, probabilistic, or consequential dimension of risk; or focused solely on judgments of probability. The goal of this research was to assess a multidimensional measure of risk perception across multiple hazards to identify a measure that will be broadly useful for assessing perceived risk moving forward. Our results support the idea of risk perception being multidimensional, but largely a function of individual affective reactions to the hazard. We also find that our measure of risk perception holds across multiple types of hazards, ranging from those that are behavioral in nature (e.g., health and safety behaviors), to those that are technological (e.g., pollution), or natural (e.g., extreme weather). We suggest that a general, unidimensional measure of risk may accurately capture one's perception of the severity of the consequences, and the discrete emotions that are felt in response to those potential consequences. However, such a measure is not likely to capture the perceived probability of experiencing the outcomes, nor will it be as useful at understanding one's motivation to take mitigation action.
Structural change: Pace, patterns and determinants
Authors: Martins Pedro M. G. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper provides a comprehensive assessment of structural change in the world economy. The analysis relies on a newly constructed dataset comprising 169 countries and covering the period from 1991 to 2013. Shapley decompositions are employed to evaluate the pace and pattern of structural change across regions and sub‐regions. Country‐level estimates are then used to conduct an original empirical exercise on the determinants of structural change. The results suggest that labor reallocations (structural change) have played a critical role in enhancing economic performance since the early 2000s, even if they remain comparatively less important than within‐sector productivity improvements. The widespread reallocation of labor from agriculture to the services sectors has been the key driver of structural change. Finally, we find robust evidence that the pace of structural change is significantly shaped by human and physical capital. The policy implication is that investments in education and economic infrastructure are crucial to accelerating structural change.
Access to a school health nurse and adolescent health needs in the universal school health service in Finland
Authors: Kivimäki Hanne , Saaristo Vesa , Wiss Kirsi , Frantsi‐Lankia Marjut , Ståhl Timo , Rimpelä Arja 
Published: October 2018

Universal school health services are expected to offer similar, needs‐based services to all students across schools, service providers and students’ socio‐economic statuses and health needs. This study investigates access to school health nurses in Finland. The objectives were to study the differences in access to school health nurse between service providers, schools, students’ characteristics and school health nurse resources. Access was examined through a nationwide School Health Promotion study, which is a self‐reporting, voluntary and anonymous survey for 8th and 9th graders (15 to 16‐year old, N = 71865). The ethical committee of the National Institute for Health and Welfare has approved procedure for the School Health Promotion study. Data on school health nurse resources and service providers were obtained from the national database (534 schools; 144 service providers). Multilevel logistic regression was used. Of the pupils, 15% of girls and 11% of boys reported difficult access to a school health nurse. The number of adolescents who reported difficult access ranged between service providers (0%–41%) and schools (0%–75%). Students with lower socio‐economic background, poorer well‐being at school, lack of support for studying and greater health needs reported difficult access more often. School health nurse resources were associated with difficult access only among boys, when resources were under the national recommendations. These findings raise concern about equality and unmet health needs in school health services.
Longitudinal associations of physical activity and sedentary time with cardiometabolic risk factors in children
Authors: Väistö Juuso , Haapala Eero A. , Viitasalo Anna , Schnurr Theresia M. , Kilpeläinen Tuomas O. , Karjalainen Panu , Westgate Kate , Lakka Hanna‐Maaria , Laaksonen David E. , Ekelund Ulf , Brage Søren , Lakka Timo A. 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundThere are few prospective studies on the associations of changes in objectively measured vigorous physical activity (VPA∆), moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA∆), light physical activity (LPA∆), and sedentary time (ST∆) with changes in cardiometabolic risk factors (∆) in children. We therefore investigated these relationships among children.MethodsThe participants were a population sample of 258 children aged 6‐8 years followed for 2 years. We assessed PA and ST by a combined heart rate and movement sensor; computed continuous age‐ and sex‐adjusted z‐scores for waist circumference, blood pressure, and fasting insulin, glucose, triglycerides, and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol; and constructed a cardiometabolic risk score (CRS) of these risk factors. Data were analyzed using linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, the explanatory and outcome variables at baseline, and puberty.ResultsVPA∆ associated inversely with CRS∆ (β = −0.209, P = 0.001), body fat percentage (BF%)∆ (β = −0.244, P = 0.001), insulin∆ (β = −0.220, P = 0.001), and triglycerides∆ (β = −0.164, P = 0.012) and directly with HDL cholesterol∆ (β = 0.159, P = 0.023). MVPA∆ associated inversely with CRS∆ (β = −0.178, P = 0.012), BF%∆ (β = −0.298, P = <0.001), and insulin∆ (β = −0.213, P = 0.006) and directly with HDL cholesterol∆ (β = 0.184, P = 0.022). LPA∆ only associated negatively with CRS∆ (β = −0.163, P = 0.032). ST∆ associated directly with CRS∆ (β = 0.218, P = 0.003), BF%∆ (β = 0.212, P = 0.016), and insulin∆ (β = 0.159, P = 0.049).ConclusionsIncreased VPA and MVPA and decreased ST were associated with reduced overall cardiometabolic risk and major individual risk factors. Change in LPA had weaker associations with changes in these cardiometabolic risk factors. Our findings suggest that increasing at least moderate‐intensity PA and decreasing ST decrease cardiometabolic risk in children.
Primary effusion lymphoma of the pleural space: Report of a rare complication of cardiac transplant with review of the literature
Authors: Kugasia Irfan Ali R. , Kumar Arun , Khatri Akshay , Saeed Faisal , Islam Humayun , Epelbaum Oleg 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPrimary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a rare mature B‐cell non‐Hodgkin’s lymphoma arising in body cavities and presenting with effusions. It has been described predominantly in patients with impaired immunity from the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and is associated with the Human Herpesvirus‐8 (HHV‐8). Seldom has PEL been diagnosed in persons negative for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and in such cases it has occurred primarily in the setting of posttransplant immunosuppression. We report an instructive case of a Caribbean‐American HIV‐negative orthotopic heart transplant recipient with a history of HHV‐8‐associated Kaposi's sarcoma who developed HHV‐8 viremia and PEL of the pleural space early in the posttransplant course. This case highlights the importance of considering PEL in the differential diagnosis of a new pleural effusion in a transplant recipient at risk for HHV‐8‐associated disease.
WRASP: A spatial strategic weed risk analysis tool reveals important subnational variations in weed risks
Authors: Kriticos D J , Beautrais J R , Dodd M B 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThe number and diversity of introduced invasive plants, coupled with limited weed management budgets, require biosecurity managers to employ systems to prioritise weeds for management attention. To assist this process, an analytical protocol and spreadsheet tool were previously developed for post‐border weed risk management (PBWRM). The popular PBWRM tool utilises a framework that ignores any spatial variation in risk factors within the geographical area of risk concern. However, invasive plants vary in risk factors such as invasiveness, potential impacts and feasibility of control as a function of spatially variable factors. Logically, the assessment of weed risks should also be spatially explicit, in order to best understand them and to target management appropriately. To address these concerns, we took the PBRWM logic and spatialised it, to allow weed managers to assess weed risks and management across geographical space. We illustrate this new spatial system using a case study of Senecio glastifolius in New Zealand, comparing the results of a spatial and an aspatial analysis of the risks it poses and the logical management options. The spatial view of risks revealed locations of higher and lower risk and suitability for management attention that were hidden by blanket, aspatial weed risk scores of the current PBWRM system. The national level risk was also significantly higher when considered in the light of the results from the spatial tool. The spatial tool, WRASP, takes its name from Weed Risk Assessment SPatial.
Changes in weed species composition in irrigated agriculture in Saharan Algeria
Authors: Eddoud A , Buisson E , Achour L , Guediri K , Bissati S , Abdelkrim H 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThis work characterises the changes in composition of the weed flora commonly associated with certain south‐eastern Algerian crops over a 20‐year period. Vegetation sampling was carried out between 1990 and 2010 in three 1 ha date palm plantations that do not have understory crops, six 400 m² glasshouses used for market gardening and three 30 ha cereal centre‐pivot irrigation plots. In total, 162 species belonging to 40 families were recorded. As in many other agroecosystems around the world, the dominant families were Poaceae, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae and Amaranthaceae representing 45.1% of the species identified. The weed communities were characterised by a set of species from various origins: species with biregional, triregional and multiregional origins, and Saharo‐Arabian and Mediterranean species were particularly well represented. Overall, the most common weed species were as follows: Chenopodium murale, Lolium multiflorum, Melilotus indicus, Lysimachia arvensis, Sonchus oleraceus, Setaria verticillata, Polypogon monspeliensis and Erigeron canadensis, all of which are therophytes. The weed flora differed among the three sampled agroecosystems, which is to be expected, as their respective management sequences are quite different. Weed monitoring over the 20 years showed that weed composition changed over time, particularly in the palm plantations and the cereal plots. For a better understanding of the drivers of weed composition and changes over time and better weed management, studying weed provenance (crop seed purchase and organic fertilisation) as well as agricultural practices is necessary.