bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subclinical Malaria and Reticulocyte Count in Apparently Healthy Female Undergraduate Students in Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Mgbeoma Eze Evelyn , Gideon Christian Serekara , Chidubem Akuta Chialuka 
Published: June 2019

Aims: The study was aimed at determining subclinical malaria and estimating reticulocyte count in apparently healthy female undergraduate students of Rivers State University, Port Harcourt.
Study Design: This is a non-randomized, comparative case-control study.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted using female students residing at the hostels of Rivers State University, Port Harcourt. Analysis was carried out at the Haematology Laboratory, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, between July and August, 2018.
Methodology: For the subjects used in this study, a total of 32 students (32%) that were diagnosed of having Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection were used as test subjects, while a total of 68 students (68%) that were diagnosed to be Plasmodium falciparum negative, and without malaria, were used as control. Thick and thin blood films examination using Giemsa staining technique was used to detect and calculate the malaria parasite density while a thin blood film examination using new methylene blue staining technique was used to evaluate the reticulocyte count in the blood.
Results: The reticulocyte count of test subjects (subjects with Plasmodium falciparum malaria) was 0.15 ± 0.04% and that of control subjects (subjects without any malaria parasite) was 0.31 ± 0.08%. The test subjects had significantly lower reticulocyte count (p ˂ 0.0001) than the control subjects. The age range “15-19” years had the highest malaria parasite density of 0.52 ± 0.18%, while “25-29” years had the least parasite density of 0.33 ± 0.24. There was no statistical variation in malaria parasite density according to age ranges (p = 0.13; p ˃ 0.05). However, the age range of “15-19” years had the lowest reticulocyte count as most of the female students within this age group were diagnosed to have been infected with malaria parasite.
Conclusion: This study revealed that reticulocyte counts of malaria (Plasmodium falciparum) infected individuals decreased when compared to those without malaria parasite and this decrease was statistically significant. There was no statistical significant variation in malaria parasite density irrespective of age ranges. Prophylaxis for malaria in such settings would be an efficient means of preventing infectious reservoirs and higher rates of subclinical malaria infection.
Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C Virus Infection among Students of a Private Tertiary Institution in South-Western Nigeria
Authors: Enitan Seyi Samson , Adebola Olayimika Kehinde , Adejumo Esther Ngozi , Itodo Grace Elejo , Ileoma Emmanuel , Oluremi Adeolu Sunday , Omotola Damilola 
Published: June 2019

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major health problem and account for a substantial proportion of liver diseases worldwide.
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence rate of Hepatitis B and C virus infection among undergraduate students of Babcock University.
Methodology: The blood samples of 200 participants (96 males and 104 females) were randomly collected and screened using rapid serological methods. HBV markers were determined using a HBV 5 in 1 Panel cassette (Innovita Biological Technology Co., Ltd., China); while antibody to HCV was detected using anti-HCV test strip (Blue Cross Bio-Medical Co., Ltd., China). The demographic and clinical information of the participants were collected using structured questionnaires.
Results: Out of the 200 participants screened, 3 (1.5%) were positive for HBsAg, 10 (5.0%) were positive for HBsAb, 3 (1.5%) were positive for HBcAb, 2 (1.0%) were positive for HBeAb and none (0%) was positive for HBeAg. 2 (2.1%) of the 96 males screened were positive for HBsAg, while only one (1%) out of the 104 females screened was positive for HBsAg. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) between the number of male and female students positive for HBsAg. On the basis of age distribution, data show that 3 (2.7%) out of the 110 students that were 16-20 years old were positive for HBsAg, while students in the other age groups were negative for HBsAg. Risk factors associated with infection include: tattooing, history of blood transfusion and shared sharp objects. Interestingly, zero prevalence rate (0%) of HCV mono-infection, as well as HBV/HCV co-infection was recorded in this current study.
Conclusion: The outcome of this study showed that a low prevalence rate of HBV mono-infection exists among undergraduate students of Babcock University, therefore the on-going public health campaign programme against Hepatitis B and C should be sustained.
Homotopy Analysis Decomposition Method for the Solution of Viscous Boundary Layer Flow Due to a Moving Sheet
Authors: Alao S. , Oderinu R. A. , Akinpelu F. O. , Akinola E. I. 
Published: June 2019

This paper investigates a new approach called Homotopy Analysis Decomposition Method (HADM) for solving nonlinear differential equations, the method was developed by incorporating Adomian polynomial into Homotopy Analysis Method. The Adomian polynomial was used to decompose the nonlinear term in the equation then apply the scheme of homotopy analysis method. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method was validated by considering algebraically decaying viscous boundary layer flow due to a moving sheet. Diagonal Pade approximation was used to get the skin friction. The obtained results were presented along with other methods in the literature in tabular form to show the computational efficiency of the new approach. The results were found to agree with those in literature. Owing to its small size of computation, the method is not aected by discretization error as the results are presented in form of polynomials.
Effect of Ripening Stages on Shelf Life and Quality of Pitaya Fruits during Storage
Authors: Soares Sobral Raquel Rodrigues , Dos Santos Rayane Carneiro , Oliveira de Jesus Mariana , Santos Alves Pablo Fernando , Mizobutsi Gisele Polete , Xavier Nunes Valtânia , Soares Aguiar Flavia , Almeida Paraizo Eliene , Souza Aguiar Maryelle Cristina , Mizobutsi Edson Hiydu 
Published: June 2019

Aims: The study objective was to determine the harvest point of red pitaya produced in the north of Minas Gerais, Brazil, according to physical and chemical changes during refrigerated storage.
Study Design: The experiment was conducted through a completely randomized design in a 3 x 5 factorial scheme composed of three treatments (ripening stages) and five post-harvest assessment days (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20), with four repeats of four fruits per experimental unit.
Study Place and Duration: The experiment was conducted in a cold chamber at the State University of Montes Claros, Brazil, between July and August 2018.
Methodology: The following quality parameters were assessed: fruit fresh mass, length and diameter at harvest point, color, firmness, soluble solid content, titratable acidity, total sugars, reducing and non-reducing, pH and amide, during storage.
Results: There was no significant difference for fresh mass, length and diameter as a function of ripening stages. Ripening stages 2 and 3 presented higher soluble solid content means.
Conclusion: Considering the conditions of northern Minas Gerais, harvest should happen at stages 2 or 3, when fruits have a brighter red hue, that is, are more attractive and of easier identification by producers. In addition, pitayas at these stages have higher soluble solid contents and reduced pulp acidity during storage in relation to fruits harvested at S1.
(((2S,3R)‐2,3‐Diphenylaziridin‐1‐yl)imino)‐
λ
4‐sulfanone
Authors: Saito Fumito 
Published: November 2024

image

[3003056‐18‐3]

C
14
H
12
N
2
OS

(MW 256.32)

InChI =
1S/C14H12N2OS/c17‐18‐15‐16‐13(11‐7‐3‐1‐4‐8‐11)14(16)12‐9‐5‐2‐6‐10‐12/h1‐10,13‐14H/t13‐,14+,16?

InChIKey =
NPPOMHKZTUKVAS‐MZBDJJRSSA‐N

(reagent used as an –S(O)– building block donor for the synthesis of sulfoxides and sulfinamides

1

)

Physical Data:
mp 74–75 °C (decomposed).

Solubility:
soluble in benzene, chloroform, DMSO, ether, THF, and toluene.

Form Supplied in:
white to pale yellow solid, not commercially available.
cis
‐Stilbene is a typical impurity.

Analysis of Reagent Purity:
reagent purity determined by
1
H NMR spectroscopy.

Preparative Methods:
prepared in three steps from commercially available
cis
‐stilbene and
N
‐aminophthalimide. The preparation of
cis
‐2,3‐diphenyl‐1‐aziridinamine

2

is carried out by oxidative cyclization

3

and hydrazinolysis. The free hydrazine is treated with thionyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine to yield the sulfinylhydrazine (
1
). After workup, (
1
) is in high purity and used without further purification. Impure samples cannot typically be upgraded by any traditional methods.

image

Handling, Storage, and Precautions:
store neat, refrigerate, inert atmosphere. Can be stored for at least one month at −20 °C. At room temperature, a sample gradually changes into a sticky solid over a week, likely because of the formation of
cis
‐stilbene.
Reactive Extrusion of Polymers
Authors: Tzoganakis Costas , Zhu Shuihan , Mai Chau 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
An extensive review of the polymer reactive extrusion (REX) literature is provided with emphasis on the use of twin‐screw extruders. Elements highlighted include innovative REX processes involving free radicals as well as catalytic reaction types. An effort is made to group all recent research activities into two broad categories. The first one includes applications of REX in the traditional area of polyolefin modifications while the second one covers numerous studies in the recently exploding area of multicomponent sustainable plastic products, including blends and composites.
Unlocking the Potential of Hybrid Nanocomposite Hydrogels: Design, Mechanical Properties and Biomedical Performances
Authors: Li Anqi , Nicolas Julien , Mura Simona 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHybrid nanocomposite hydrogels consist of the homogeneous incorporation of nano‐objects in a hydrogel matrix. The latter, whether made of natural or synthetic materials, possesses a microporous, soft structure that makes it an ideal host for a variety of polymer and lipid‐based nano‐objects as well as metal‐ and silica‐based ones. By carefully choosing the composition and the proportions of the different constituents, hybrid hydrogels can display a wide array of properties, from simple enhancement of mechanical characteristics to specific bioactivity. This review aims to provide an overview of the state of the art in hybrid hydrogels highlighting key aspects that make them a promising choice for a variety of biomedical applications. Strategies for the preparation of hybrid hydrogels are discussed by covering the selection of individual components. The review will also explore the physico‐chemical and rheological characterization of these materials, which is essential for understanding their structure and function, ultimately satisfying specifications for the intended use. Successful examples of biomedical applications will also be presented, and the main challenges to be met will be discussed, with the aim of stimulating the research community to exploit the full potential of these materials.
Nano‐Biosensors for mRNA‐Based Cell Sorting Using Intracellular Markers at the Early Stage of Cell Reprogramming
Authors: Song Yang , Soto Jennifer , Lin Xiao , Hoffman Tyler , Hu Erin , Zhu Ninghao , Zarubova Jana , Wu Yifan , Tian Jing , Wong Pak Kin , Li Song 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCell reprogramming and manufacturing have broad applications in tissue regeneration and disease treatment. However, many derived cell types lack unique cell surface markers for protein‐based cell sorting, making it difficult to isolate these cells from mixed populations. Additionally, there is a need to identify and isolate cells of interest at the early stages of cell expansion. To address this challenge, a nucleic acid‐based gold nanorod (NAGNR) fluorescent biosensor was engineered to detect the mRNA expression of intracellular markers for cell sorting. Its application is demonstrated in isolating induced neuronal (iN) cells from dermal fibroblast populations during the early stages of cell reprogramming. Cell sorting based on the mRNA of the neuronal transcriptional factor Ascl1 resulted in an enrichment of iN cells from 3% to 72%, and additional sorting with the transcriptional factor Scn2 further increased iN enrichment. Moreover, NAGNR biosensors can be used in conjunction with protein marker‐based cell sorting. NAGNR‐sorted iN cells show a functional response to electrical stimulation in a co‐culture of iN cells and muscle cells. These findings demonstrate that NAGNR‐based cell sorting offers great potential for cell identification and isolation at an early stage of cell reprogramming and manufacturing.
Advanced Hierarchical Lithiophilic Scaffold Design to Facilitate Synchronous Deposition for Dendrite‐Free Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Jiang Jinlong , Wang Didi , Liu Huakun , Wu Kuan , Yang Xianzhong , Shi Yaru , Zhao Bing , Jiang Yong , Sun Xueliang , Zhang Jiujun , Dou Shixue , Wu Chao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLocalized deposition behavior tends to induce the growth of lithium dendrite and hinder the the full utilization of lithium storage space, significantly impeding the practical application of 3D conductive hosts. Here, a novel synchronous deposition mode is proposed for the first time through hierarchical structure design of 3D Li host. The top‐down gradually enhanced lithiophilicity and conductivity of 3D scaffold provide sufficient driving force for Li+ to migrate downward, promoting synchronous Li deposition within the entire space of the host. Notably, the novel deposition mode has been theoretically and experimentally validated through finite element simulation and in situ optical microscopy, respectively. The meticulously designed strategy not only maximizes the utilization of the entire 3D scaffold space but also prevents the formation of Li dendrites under high current rate. Consequently, the symmetric Li//Li cell exhibits a long‐term cycling lifespan over 3700 h with a low overpotential of 15.6 mV, together with a Coulombic efficiency as high as 99.5% over 300 cycles at 3 mA cm−2. The full cell paired with LiFePO4 cathode demonstrates a cycling lifespan of 1000 cycles with a capacity retention rate of 91.6%. The proposed synchronous deposition strategy opens up a new paradigm for the design and construction of 3D hosts for dendrite‐free Li metal anode.
Doping Ti into RuO2 to Accelerate Bridged‐Oxygen‐Assisted Deprotonation for Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Hu Wei , Huang Bolong , Sun Mingzi , Du Jing , Hai Yang , Yin Wen , Wang Xiaomei , Gao Wensheng , Zhao Chunyang , Yue Ya , Li Zelong , Li Can 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe development of efficient and durable electrocatalysts for the acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is essential for advancing renewable hydrogen energy technology. However, the slow deprotonation kinetics of oxo‐intermediates, involving the four proton‐coupled electron steps, hinder the acidic OER progress. Herein, a RuTiOx solid solution electrocatalyst is investigated, which features bridged oxygen (Obri) sites that act as proton acceptors, accelerating the deprotonation of oxo‐intermediates. Electrochemical tests, infrared spectroscopy, and density functional theory results reveal that the moderate proton adsorption energy on Obri sites facilitates fast deprotonation kinetics through the adsorbate evolution mechanism. This process effectively prevents the over‐oxidation and deactivation of Ru sites caused by the lattice oxygen mechanism. Consequently, RuTiOx shows a low overpotential of 198 mV at 10 mA cm−2geo and performance exceeding 1400 h at 50 mA cm−2geo with negligible deactivation. These insights into the OER mechanism and the structure‐function relationship are crucial for the advancement of catalytic systems.
Yarn‐to‐Yarn Surface Area and Roughness as Structural Engineering Tools for Optimizing the Electrical Output of Triboelectric Nanogenerators: Geometrical and Experimental Verification
Authors: Bakhtiyari Simin , Bagherzadeh Roohollah , Ezazshahabi Nazanin , Jahanshahi Amir , Van Langenhove Lieva , Malengier Benny 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the performance of woven triboelectric nanogenerators (W‐TENGs) fabricated with different fabric patterns, specifically plain, twill, and hopsack weaves, using wool and polyester yarns. It is intended to enhance the electrical output and efficiency of W‐TENGs for potential applications in wearable electronics by optimizing the weaving pattern. Results indicate that W‐TENGs with twill 2/2 and hopsack 2/2 patterns exhibit superior electrical outputs, attributed to their higher contact surface area and roughness. The twill 2/2 pattern demonstrates the highest electrical output, generating an open‐circuit voltage of 4.7 V, a short‐circuit current of 4 µA, and a transferred charge of 0.35 µC. This study also highlights the critical role of surface area and dielectric material roughness in determining the output performance of triboelectric structures. A theoretical model is developed to calculate the real contact surface area of the woven fabrics with different patterns. Statistical analysis reveals significant relationships between surface roughness parameters and electrical performance. Dynamic testing under varying contact forces and frequencies demonstrates the practical applicability and robustness of the W‐TENGs. Furthermore, the devices exhibit excellent durability, maintaining stable performance over extended periods. This research provides new insights into fabric design strategies for optimizing energy harvesting in wearable devices.
Recent Developments in Synthetic Methodologies for Isochromenes
Authors: Carvalho Marcelo H. R. , Martins Guilherme M. , Amarante Giovanni W. , De Castro Pedro P. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIsochromenes, oxygen‐containing bicyclic compounds, have gained significant attention in organic synthesis due to their versatile reactivity and prominence in biologically active natural products. This review highlights recent developments in the synthesis of isochromenes, with a focus on efficient and selective methodologies. Traditional metal‐catalyzed intramolecular ring‐closure reactions have been the cornerstone for isochromene formation, but recent efforts have expanded to include new strategies that enhance functionalization and scalability. By examining key advancements in the field, this article provides a critical assessment of the current state of the art involving isochromene synthesis and its ongoing challenges.
Photoinduced Methylthio Radical Generation from Methylthiophosphonium Salt
Authors: Tang Wenxin , Li Xuening , Su Xiaodi , Yang Zhusheng , Wang Gongjun , Sheng He , Gong Wei , Tan Fang , Liu Qiang , Chen Xiangyu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe production of methylthio radical typically relies on gaseous methanethiol or dimethyl disulfide. Herein, we present a new and straightforward method for the photogeneration of methylthio radical from methylthiophosphonium salt, enabling the synthesis of methylthiophenanthridines via charge transfer complex strategy. In this approach, the methylthiophosphonium salt acts as the electron acceptor, while 2‐isocyanobiaryls serve as the electron donors. This strategy is distinguished by its simplicity in both conditions and operation, and can be extended for the generation of various alkyl(aryl)thio radicals.
Lone Pair‐Electrons‐ and Aromaticity‐Dependent Optical Nonlinearity Responses of (ƞ5‐Cp)Fe(η5‐P5), Fe(ƞ5‐P5)2, and [Fe(η4‐P4)2]2− Ferrocene Analogs
Authors: Omri Nabil , Bu Yuxiang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDriven by their unique electronic structures and geometries, quantum chemistry and wavefunction analyses are conducted to explore the effects of aromaticity and lone pair‐electrons on the linear and nonlinear optical (NLO) responses of four ferrocene analogs. Aromaticity indicators reveal that the stability of (η5‐Cp)Fe(η5‐P5) and [Fe(η4‐P4)2]2− is primarily due to their σ‐aromaticity. In contrast, Fe(η5‐P5)2 exhibits π‐aromaticity, characterized by significant diamagnetic ring currents and electron delocalization facilitated by both out‐of‐plane and in‐plane π‐conjugation, distinguishing it from planar systems like C18. Fe(η5‐P5)2, with the largest surface area (234.60 Å2), displays the strongest van der Waals (vdW) attraction in its central region (−0.95 kcal/mol), surpassing that of [Fe(η4‐P4)2]2−. Further analysis of second‐order NLO responses underscores the critical role of cyclo P4 and cyclo P5 lone pair‐electrons in enhancing polarization anisotropy and optical nonlinearity. Fe(η5‐P5)2 achieves maximum NLO dispersion at γxxxx(λ = 588 nm), showing a 12‐fold increase over Fe(ƞ5‐Cp)2 in the static regime. Real‐space function analyses, hyperpolarizability density, and tensor maps further support these findings, emphasizing the potential of cyclo P5 lone pair‐electrons for the development of high‐performance NLO materials.
Moderately Solvating Electrolyte with Fluorinated Cosolvents for Lean‐Electrolyte Li–S Batteries
Authors: Kim Ilju , Kim Sejin , Cho Hannah , Jung Jinkwan , Kwon Hyeokjin , Kim Dongwoo , Shin Yewon , Kim Hee‐Tak 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTo surpass the energy density limit of current Li–S batteries, attaining a long lifespan under lean‐electrolyte conditions is imperative. The persistent challenge involves suppressing electrolyte decomposition while facilitating sulfur electrode reaction. In this study, the solvating power of 1dimethoxy ethane is fine‐tuned, the main solvent, using fluorinated ether cosolvents via H–F interactions. As the fluorination degree of the cosolvent increases, the coordination of anions around the Li‐ion increases, and the solubilities of Li polysulfides decrease. By systematically varying the solvating power, moderately solvating electrolytes are prepared that can effectively suppress the dissolution of Li polysulfides without hindering the redox kinetics. The moderately solvating electrolytes induce uniform Li deposition and reduce electrolyte decomposition owing to the formation of anion‐derived solid electrolyte interphase. An assembled pouch‐type Li–S battery containing an electrolyte with an optimized solvation power delivers 405 Wh kg−1 at an E/S ratio of 2.0 µL mgs−1 with a lifespan of over 80 cycles. This study suggests a strategy to finely tune the Li+ solvation structure for achieving well‐balanced performances of sulfur cathodes and Li‐metal anodes under lean‐electrolyte conditions.