bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical model for the fire protection performance and the design of intumescent coatings on structural steel exposed to natural fires
Authors: Weisheim Waldemar , Schaumann Peter , Sander Lisa , Zehfuß Jochen 
Published: September 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to deal with the experimental and numerical investigations of the fire protection performance of a waterborne intumescent coating (IC) on structural steel in case of natural fires. Based on own small-scale laboratory tests, an advanced numerical model is developed to simulate the fire protection performance of the investigated coating in case of arbitrary fire scenarios. The insulation efficiency of the coating is described within the model by temperature and heating rate-dependent material properties, such as expansion factors, thermal conductivity and heat capacity. The results of the numerical model are compared to own large-scale fire tests of an unloaded I-section beam and column.Design/methodology/approachAs natural fires can show arbitrary regimes, the material properties of the waterborne IC are investigated for various heating rates. Based on these investigations, a material model for the IC is implemented in the finite element program ABAQUS. With the help of user subroutines, the material properties of the coating are introduced for both the heating and cooling phase of natural fires, allowing for two- and three-dimensional thermomechanical analyses of coated steel elements.FindingsThe results of the performed small-scale laboratory tests show a heating rate-dependent behavior of the investigated coating. The mass loss as well as the expansion of the coating change with the heating rate. Moreover, the material properties obtained on small scale are valid for large scale. Therefore, a material model could be developed that is suitable to reproduce the results of the large-scale fire tests. Additionally, with the help of the numerical model, a dimensioning approach for the dry film thickness (DFT) of the investigated coating is derived for arbitrary natural fires.Research limitations/implicationsThe material properties presented in this paper are only valid for the investigated waterborne IC and the parameter area that was chosen. However, the developed modeling approach for the fire protection performance of ICs is general and can be applied for every coating that is part of the intumescent product family.Originality/valueUntil now, only few research works have been carried out on the fire protection performance of ICs under non-standard fire exposure. This paper deals extensively with the material properties and the material modeling of a waterborne IC exposed to natural fires. Especially, the laboratory examinations and the numerical simulations are unique and allow for new evaluation possibilities of ICs.
The role of competition, innovation, and regulation on financial intermediary risk
Authors: Schaffer Marc 
Published: September 2019

PurposeThis macroeconomic analysis chronicles the risk behavior of market-based financial intermediaries and traditional depository institutions from 1980 to 2010 and assesses the role that competition, financial innovation and regulation played in their evolving risk behaviors. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approachUsing a two-part CAPM framework in line with Campbell et al. (2001), risk measures are constructed through the decomposition of industry-level risk and firm-level idiosyncratic risk. These constructed measures are used in a VAR model with a historical decomposition approach to assess the impact of the three factors on the relative risk behavior of these firms.FindingsThe results indicate that the market-based and traditional intermediaries exhibited a period of diverging relative average firm-level risk behavior followed by a period of converging risk behavior. Using the derived firm-level risk measures, the impact of competition, financial innovation and regulatory changes on explaining these changing risk behaviors is explored. The results suggest that regulatory changes (i.e. deregulation) can best explain the relative risk behavior over the divergence period through late 1999 relative to the other two variables. The period from November 1999 through the financial crisis marks the converging risk behaviors across these intermediaries. Over this period, the changing nature of competition played the most important role in driving these behaviors.Originality/valueThe key contribution of this analysis highlights the evolutionary changes in the risk behaviors of market-based and traditional financial intermediaries and the factors driving both their diverging and converging nature over time.
“My smartwatch told me to see a sleep doctor”: a study of activity tracker use
Authors: Pingo Zablon , Narayan Bhuva 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the use of wearable health and fitness trackers in everyday life, and users’ motivations and their understanding and use of the data derived from devices, and understand the results using the lens of information behaviours.

Design/methodology/approach
The study used a qualitative, constructionist approach, based on 21 interviews with users of a range of wearable activity trackers used for health and fitness.

Findings
Findings show that the lifelogging devices have become companion tools that enable users to take information from their bodily indicators and make some decisions about their health and fitness, and also track the results when they act on it, thus giving them a sense of gratification and a sense of control over their own health.

Practical implications
The findings have implications on how health professionals can talk to their lifelogging patients about how to deal with and understand the information provided by their activity-tracking devices. Some participants in the study already discuss these data regularly with their health professionals.

Originality/value
As the self-tracking practices attract wide range research interests from human–computer interaction, information systems, digital sociology, health informatics and marketing among others. This study provides important everyday information-seeking perspective that contributes to the understanding of the practices of how people make sense of the data, how the data improves their wellbeing, i.e. physical health improvement or fitness, and implications to users health behaviour. Additionally the study adds to the lifelogging literature through a constructionist, qualitative approach rather than a technological deterministic approach.
The challenge of detecting prey: Private and social information use in predatory bats
Authors: Page Rachel A. , Bernal Ximena E. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

In the evolutionary arms race between predators and their prey, prey often evolve to be as cryptic as they can, while predators in turn hone their sensory strategies to detect prey. Examinations of the sensory strategies implemented by predators to detect their prey, as well as the ecological consequences of these interactions, are at the crux of understanding and predicting predator–prey dynamics.

We review the sensory strategies used by predators that rely on private information (attending directly to cues and signals generated by their prey) and those that gather social information (attending to the signals and behaviours of others). We focus our enquiry on bats, an ideal group to shed light on these questions given their ecological diversity, varied foraging strategies and wide range of social behaviours.

We discuss the costs and benefits of using private and social information for foraging. We investigate diverse strategies of information use and examine the effects different predatory strategies have on predator sensory systems.

We provide an overview of the sensory ecology of information use in hunting in bats and, by identifying current gaps in knowledge, highlight fruitful directions for future research.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Effectiveness of a percutaneous left ventricular assist device in preventing acute hemodynamic decompensation during catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia in advanced heart failure patients: A retrospective single‐center analysis
Authors: Neuzner Jörg , Dietze Thomas , Paliege Robert , Gradaus Rainer 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionAcute hemodynamic decompensation during catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia is associated with increased mortality. We assessed the effectiveness of mechanical circulatory support using a micro‐axial percutaneous assist device in preventing acute hemodynamic decompensation.Methods and resultsTwenty‐six consecutive patients with structural heart disease undergoing 28 ventricular tachycardia ablations between May 2013 and October 2017 were included. All patients presenting with left ventricular ejection fraction <25%, symptomatic heart failure and arrhythmia associated hemodynamic decompensation underwent catheter ablation with mechanical circulatory support (Impella 2.5; Impella CP, Abiomed, Danvers, MA). Electro‐anatomic mapping was performed using Ensite NavX (Abbott, Chicago, IL) or Rhythmia (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA) mapping systems. Mapping/ablation strategy included a substrate and activation mapping/ablation. Of the 26 patients, 80% had ischemic cardiomyopathy, the mean age was 68 ± 9 years; mean left ventricular ejection fraction 19.6% ± 3%, mean PAAINESD score was 21 ± 3. Mean tachycardia cycle length was 348 ± 76 ms (range 280‐500 ms). The assist device was used pre‐emptively in 25 patients and as rescue therapy in one patient. All ventricular tachycardias occurring during substrate ablation were activation mapped and ablated. The ablation procedure was accomplished in 25 of 26 patients, acute decompensation occurred only in one patient receiving circulatory support as bail‐out therapy.ConclusionIn patients with advanced heart failure and a high probability of acute hemodynamic decompensation during catheter ablation, mechanical circulatory support prevented acute decompensation in 25 of 26 patients. Thus, mechanical circulatory support facilitates catheter ablation of unstable ventricular tachycardia in a critically ill patient population.
Surgical resection versus radiofrequency ablation very early‐stage HCC (≤2 cm Single HCC): A propensity score analysis
Authors: Chu Hee Ho , Kim Jin Hyoung , Kim Pyo Nyun , Kim So Yeon , Lim Young‐Suk , Park Seong Ho , Ko Heung‐Kyu , Lee Sung‐Gyu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackground & aimHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasingly being detected at a very early‐stage due to the wide implementation of the surveillance of at‐risk patient populations combined with improved imaging technologies. Whether patients with HCC at a very early stage can be offered local ablation as a first‐line treatment option still remains controversial. We retrospectively compared the effectiveness of surgical resection (SR) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) very early‐stage HCC in patients with long‐term follow‐up.MethodsPropensity score analysis using inverse probability weighting (IPW) from a large‐volume liver centre. We included adult patients who between 2000 and 2013 received a diagnosis of very early‐stage HCC (BCLC stage 0; a single tumour ≤2 cm, Child‐Pugh A class, eastern cooperative oncology group [ECOG] 0) and who were treated with SR or RFA as the first‐line treatment.ResultsWe identified 1208 patients, 631 in the SR group and 577 in the RFA group. The median follow‐up time was 86.2 months. After propensity score analysis using IPW, the 15‐year overall survival rates were 60.4% and 51.6% in the SR and RFA group respectively. RFA group showed poorer overall survival than SR group (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.29; P = .0378). The 15‐year recurrence‐free survival rates were 37% and 23.6% in the SR and RFA group respectively (P < .001).ConclusionFor patients with very early‐stage HCC, the SR group was associated with better overall and recurrence‐free patient survival compared to the RFA group. Therefore, SR should be considered as the first‐line treatment for these patients.
Beyond accuracy: Epistemic flaws with statistical generalizations
Authors: Munton Jessie 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWhat, if anything, is epistemically wrong with beliefs involving accurate statistical generalizations about demographic groups? This paper argues that there is a perfectly general, underappreciated epistemic flaw which affects both ethically charged and uncharged statistical generalizations. Though common to both, this flaw can also explain why demographic statistical generalizations give rise to the concerns they do. To identify this flaw, we need to distinguish between the accuracy and the projectability of statistical beliefs. Statistical beliefs are accompanied by an implicit representation of the statistic's modal profile. Their modal profile determines the circumstances in which they can legitimately be projected to unobserved instances. Errors in that implicit content can be compatible with the accuracy of the “bare” statistic, whilst systematically leading to downstream errors in reasoning, in a manner which reveals an epistemic flaw with an important aspect of the belief state itself.
Asymptotic Description of Forced Response Vibration Saturation by Friction Forces
Authors: Martel Carlos , Martín Juan A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The estimation of the final vibration amplitude of a turbomachinery bladed disk is of extreme practical importance; it is an essential information for the prediction of the level of high cycle fatigue of the blades and for the subsequent estimation of its operative life span. The forced response vibration is saturated by the nonlinear damping introduced by the friction forces at the interfaces between blade and disk (and/or at the included dampers). The computation of the final amplitude of the limit cycle oscillation requires to solve a quite complicated nonlinear problem. In the case of a tuned bladed disk, this problem can be reduced to a single sector calculation with phase lag boundary conditions. The solution of this one-sector problem requires to consider many harmonics in order to capture the details of the nonlinear time periodic oscillation that sets in. If the small unavoidable differences among blades (mistuning) are also taken into account, then the situation becomes even more complicated because the solution of the mistuned vibration problem requires to consider not only a single sector but also the complete bladed disk. The possibility of applying multiple scales techniques to drastically simplify this problem is explored in this paper. The idea is to exploit the fact that all relevant effects present (forcing, nonlinear friction, and mistuning) are, in most practical situations, small effects that develop in a time scale that is much longer than that associated with the natural elastic vibration frequency of the tuned system. A mass-spring model with microslip nonlinear friction is used to represent the forced bladed disk. The multiple scales method is used to asymptotically derive simplified models for both tuned and mistuned configurations. The results of the asymptotic model are compared with those from the mass-spring system and used to analyze the particular characteristics of the nonlinear friction effects on the final vibration states.
Considerations for Using Additive Manufacturing Technology in Centrifugal Compressor Research
Authors: Meier Matthew A. , Gooding William J. , Fabian John , Key Nicole 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
An additive manufactured (AM) vaned diffuser for use in a centrifugal compressor research facility was designed and implemented. Utilizing an AM process to manufacture the diffuser reduces the long lead time that is associated with conventionally manufactured diffusers, and it increases the instrumentation capabilities within the flow path. Several AM techniques and a variety of plastic and metal materials were evaluated for this application. A high-temperature, stereolithography (SL) resin was chosen because of the tight dimensional tolerances maintained by the SL process. Utilizing a high-temperature plastic also results in manufacturing costs that are significantly less than using a metal material. Samples of the chosen material were subjected to mechanical testing to investigate the effects of build direction and to verify its properties in the high-temperature compressor environment. To fit within the manufacturing space of an SL machine, the AM diffuser consists of seven radially symmetric sections that are assembled to form a complete flow path. Considerations for modifying the research facility to allow for this unique installation are presented. Precision measurements of the AM components were obtained to compare printed and modeled geometry, and they demonstrate close alignment of flow path dimensions.
Efficiency Prediction of Centrifugal Pump Using the Modified Affinity Laws
Authors: Agarwal Rahul , Patil Abhay , Morrison Gerald 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This research is a continuation of efforts aimed at establishing the modified affinity laws for viscosity to predict the pump performance directly from a plot in terms of dimensionless numbers, i.e., flow coefficient, Reynolds number, head coefficient, and efficiency. The group has earlier proposed modified head coefficient affinity law. This work proposes and validates a similar efficiency plot that completes the set of modified affinity laws that include all the input and output parameters for a specific pump design and type. A wide range of viscosities and flow rates are considered for CFD analysis to have a comprehensive set of data that includes enough data points to comment on both the laminar and turbulent flow cases categorized based on the hydraulic Reynolds number (2300). Initial analysis shows some inconsistency based on laminar versus turbulent simulation model selection which is addressed in the latter part of this work. In general, two curves can be constructed for laminar and turbulent flow cases. These curves have different axes parameters (exponents of the dimensionless numbers) depending on the plot being for a laminar or a turbulent flow case. Validation with established experimental data shows good agreement in terms of the variation of axes parameters (their exponents) depending on the pump type for a single suction impeller and a double suction impeller pump. The distinction between laminar and turbulent flow cases is found to be applicable to established experimental data as well.
Surgeon perceived most important factors to achieve the best hospital performance on colorectal cancer surgery: a Dutch modified Delphi method
Authors: van Groningen Julia Tessa , Marang-van de Mheen Perla J , Henneman Daniel , Beets Geerard L , Wouters Michel W J M 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesHospital variation in risk-adjusted outcomes after colorectal cancer surgery has been shown. However, explanatory factors are not sufficiently clear. The objective of this study was to identify factors perceived by gastrointestinal surgeons as important to achieve excellent casemix-adjusted outcomes after colorectal cancer surgery.DesignBased on literature and experts’ opinion, 86 factors associated with serious complications, failure to rescue and mortality were listed. These were presented to gastrointestinal surgeons through two web-based surveys and an expert meeting. Participants were asked to choose their top 10 of most important factors.ParticipantsDutch gastrointestinal surgeons (n=52) of different hospitals and different hospital types (general/teaching/academic).ResultsOf 31 invited experts for the first survey and meeting, 71% responded. Of 130 invited surgeons, 34 responded to the second survey. Factors deemed important were: procedural hospital volume (46% in top 10), specialised surgeons performing surgery, (elective 87%, emergency 60% and reoperations 62% in top 10), accessibility of, and daily ward rounds by specialised surgeons (41% and 38% in top 10), preoperative screening for malnutrition (57% in top 10), a protocol for recognition of anastomotic leakage and rapid reintervention (54% and 49% in top 10).ConclusionProcedural hospital volume, specialisation of surgeons, screening for malnutrition, early recognition of complications followed by rapid action were perceived as most important factors to achieve good outcomes by gastrointestinal surgeons.
Salt content of sauces in the UK and China: cross-sectional surveys
Authors: Tan Monique , He Feng J , Ding Jingmin , Li Yuan , Zhang Puhong , MacGregor Graham A 
Published: September 2019

Objectives(1) To assess the changes in the salt content of sauces in the UK in the past 10 years; (2) to compare the salt content of sauces in China with equivalent products sold in the UK and (3) to calculate the proportion of sauce products meeting the salt targets set by the UK Department of Health (DoH).DesignCross-sectional surveys from the nutrition information panels of sauces.SettingMajor retailers in London, Beijing and Shijiazhuang operating at data collection times.Main outcome measureSalt content of sauces.ResultsRelative change in the median salt content of UK products ranged from −70.6% to +3.0% in sauces for which salt targets were set, whereas it ranged from −27.1% to +111.5% in sauces without targets. Median salt contents were on average 4.4-fold greater in Chinese sauces compared with their UK equivalents surveyed during the same period (2015–2017). Only 13.4% of the Chinese products met the UK 2017 salt targets, compared with 70.0% of UK products.ConclusionIn the UK, the target-based approach contributed to the reduction in the salt content of sauces over the course of the past 10 years. Currently, large variations in salt content exist within the same categories of sauces and 70% of the products have met DoH’s 2017 targets, demonstrating that further reductions are possible and lower salt targets should be set. In China, salt content of sauces is extremely high with similarly large variations within same categories of sauces, demonstrating the feasibility of reducing their salt content. As processed foods (including sauces) are expected to become an important contributor to salt intake in China, national salt reduction efforts such as setting salt targets would be a valuable, proactive strategy.