bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing Intensity‐Duration‐Frequency (IDF) Curves From Satellite‐Based Precipitation: Methodology and Evaluation
Authors: Ombadi Mohammed , Nguyen Phu , Sorooshian Soroosh , Hsu Kuo‐lin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractGiven the continuous advancement in the retrieval of precipitation from satellites, it is important to develop methods that incorporate satellite‐based precipitation data sets in the design and planning of infrastructure. This is because in many regions around the world, in situ rainfall observations are sparse and have insufficient record length. A handful of studies examined the use of satellite‐based precipitation to develop intensity‐duration‐frequency (IDF) curves; however, they have mostly focused on small spatial domains and relied on combining satellite‐based with ground‐based precipitation data sets. In this study, we explore this issue by providing a methodological framework with the potential to be applied in ungauged regions. This framework is based on accounting for the characteristics of satellite‐based precipitation products, namely, adjustment of bias and transformation of areal to point rainfall. The latter method is based on previous studies on the reverse transformation (point to areal) commonly used to obtain catchment‐scale IDF curves. The paper proceeds by applying this framework to develop IDF curves over the contiguous United States (CONUS); the data set used is Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information Using Artificial Neural Networks – Climate Data Record (PERSIANN‐CDR). IDFs are then evaluated against National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Atlas 14 to provide a quantitative estimate of their accuracy. Results show that median errors are in the range of (17–22%), (6–12%), and (3–8%) for one‐day, two‐day and three‐day IDFs, respectively, and return periods in the range (2–100) years. Furthermore, a considerable percentage of satellite‐based IDFs lie within the confidence interval of NOAA Atlas 14.
Ecohydrological Processes Explain Urban Dry Island Effects in a Wet Region, Southern China
Authors: Hao Lu , Huang Xiaolin , Qin Mengsheng , Liu Yongqiang , Li Wenhong , Sun Ge 
Published: September 2018

AbstractConversion of agricultural lands to urban uses affects regional and global climate not only through the release of greenhouse gases but also through altering land surface physical processes such as energy and water balances. Most existing studies on the meteorological impacts of urbanization focus on urban heat island effects with little attention on its impacts of atmospheric humidity, a key variable in hydrometeorology and climate science. We define the influences of urbanization on reducing atmospheric humidity and elevating vapor pressure deficit as urban dry island (UDI) effects. We conduct a case study in the Yangtze River Delta, a typical humid area in southern China that is under rapid urbanization. We examine spatiotemporal characteristics of UDI and identify potential drivers during 2001–2014. Relationships and interactions between variations of air temperature, atmospheric humidity, evapotranspiration, and leaf area index of different land cover were determined using correlation and attribution analyses at both station and regional levels. We show that atmospheric humidity decreased dramatically and vapor pressure deficit increased sharply in the urban core, resulting in enhanced UDI. In addition to global warming and localized urban heat island, UDI is closely related to the loss of vegetation cover (i.e., natural wetlands and paddies). Reduction of evapotranspiration or latent heat is another important factor contributing to UDI effects. We conclude that the role of vegetated land cover and associated ecohydrological processes in moderating UDI and maintaining a stable climate and environment should be considered in massive urban planning and global change impact assessment in southern China.
Coordinated collective migration and asymmetric cell division in confluent human keratinocytes without wounding
Authors: Lång Emma , Połeć Anna , Lång Anna , Valk Marijke , Blicher Pernille , Rowe Alexander D. , Tønseth Kim A. , Jackson Catherine J. , Utheim Tor P. , Janssen Liesbeth M. C. , Eriksson Jens , Bøe Stig Ove 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEpithelial sheet spreading is a fundamental cellular process that must be coordinated with cell division and differentiation to restore tissue integrity. Here we use consecutive serum deprivation and re-stimulation to reconstruct biphasic collective migration and proliferation in cultured sheets of human keratinocytes. In this system, a burst of long-range coordinated locomotion is rapidly generated throughout the cell sheet in the absence of wound edges. Migrating cohorts reach correlation lengths of several millimeters and display dependencies on epidermal growth factor receptor-mediated signaling, self-propelled polarized migration, and a G1/G0 cell cycle environment. The migration phase is temporally and spatially aligned with polarized cell divisions characterized by pre-mitotic nuclear migration to the cell front and asymmetric partitioning of nuclear promyelocytic leukemia bodies and lysosomes to opposite daughter cells. This study investigates underlying mechanisms contributing to the stark contrast between cells in a static quiescent state compared to the long-range coordinated collective migration seen in contact with blood serum.
Effect of thermally induced structural disorder on the chemical durability of International Simple Glass
Authors: Angeli Frederic , Charpentier Thibault , Jollivet Patrick , de Ligny Dominique , Bergler Michael , Veber Alexander , Gin Stéphane , Li Hong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWhile the influence of silicate oxide glass composition on its chemical durability is increasingly known, the contribution of structure only is less well understood, yet is crucial for an accurate description of aqueous alteration mechanisms. The effect of structural disorder can be investigated by varying the thermal history of the glass. Furthermore, the structural changes generated by self-irradiation in nuclear glasses can be compared with those induced by fast quenching. In the context of deep geological disposal of vitreous matrices, it is then challenging to address the structural impact on glass durability. Here, a borosilicate glass, the International Simple Glass, was fiberized to obtain a rapidly quenched sample. The quenching rate and fictive temperature were evaluated from in situ Raman and Brillouin spectroscopies. Multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance was used to obtain insight into the effect of quenching on the pristine and altered glass structure. Higher bond angle distribution and lower mixing of alkalis were observed in the fast quenched glass. Some of AlO4 groups are then Ca-compensated, while a part of BO4 is transformed into BO3 units. The structural modifications increase the hydrolysis of the silicate network occurring in the forward rate regime at 90 °C by a factor of 1.4–1.8 depending on the pH value. Residual rate regime is similarly affected, more significantly at the beginning of the experiments conducted in silica saturated solutions. These findings prove that the reactivity of glass remains controlled by its structure under the various alteration regimes.
Controlled state transfer in a Heisenberg spin chain by periodic drives
Authors: Shan H. J. , Dai C. M. , Shen H. Z. , Yi X. X. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe spin chain is a system that has been widely studied for its quantum phase transition. It also holds potential for practical application in quantum information, including quantum communication and quantum computation. In this paper, we propose a scheme for conditional state transfer in a Heisenberg XXZ spin chain. In our scheme, the absence or presence of a periodic driving potential results in either a perfect state transfer between the input and output ports, or a complete blockade at the input port. This scheme is formalized by deriving an analytical expression of the effective Hamiltonian for the spin chain subject to a periodic driving field in the high-frequency limit. The influence of the derivation of the optimal parameter on the performance of the state transfer is also examined, showing the robustness of the spin chain for state transfer. In addition, the collective decoherence effect on the fidelity of state transfer is discussed. The proposed scheme paves the way for the realization of integrated quantum logic elements, and may find application in quantum information processing.
Combined small RNA and gene expression analysis revealed roles of miRNAs in maize response to rice black-streaked dwarf virus infection
Authors: Li Aiqin , Li Guanghui , Zhao Yuhan , Meng Zhaodong , Zhao Meng , Li Changsheng , Zhang Ye , Li Pengcheng , Ma Chang-Le , Xia Han , Zhao Shuzhen , Hou Lei , Zhao Chuanzhi , Wang Xingjun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMaize rough dwarf disease, caused by rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV), is a devastating disease in maize (Zea mays L.). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to play critical roles in regulation of plant growth, development, and adaptation to abiotic and biotic stresses. To elucidate the roles of miRNAs in the regulation of maize in response to RBSDV, we employed high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze the miRNAome and transcriptome following RBSDV infection. A total of 76 known miRNAs, 226 potential novel miRNAs and 351 target genes were identified. Our dataset showed that the expression patterns of 81 miRNAs changed dramatically in response to RBSDV infection. Transcriptome analysis showed that 453 genes were differentially expressed after RBSDV infection. GO, COG and KEGG analysis results demonstrated that genes involved with photosynthesis and metabolism were significantly enriched. In addition, twelve miRNA-mRNA interaction pairs were identified, and six of them were likely to play significant roles in maize response to RBSDV. This study provided valuable information for understanding the molecular mechanism of maize disease resistance, and could be useful in method development to protect maize against RBSDV.
Laser guided ionic wind
Authors: Du Shengzhe , Wang Tie-Jun , Zhu Zhongbin , Liu Yaoxiang , Chen Na , Zhang Jianhao , Guo Hao , Sun Haiyi , Ju Jingjing , Wang Cheng , Liu Jiansheng , Chin See Leang , Li Ruxin , Xu Zhizhan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe report on a method to experimentally generate ionic wind by coupling an external large electric field with an intense femtosecond laser induced air plasma channel. The measured ionic wind velocity could be as strong as >4 m/s. It could be optimized by increasing the strength of the applied electric field and the volume of the laser induced plasma channel. The experimental observation was qualitatively confirmed by a numerical simulation of spatial distribution of the electric field. The ionic wind can be generated outside a high-voltage geometry, even at remote distances.
Reward of labor coordination and hunting success in wild chimpanzees
Authors: Samuni Liran , Preis Anna , Deschner Tobias , Crockford Catherine , Wittig Roman M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCooperative hunting and meat sharing are hypothesized as fundamental to human life history adaptations and biological success. Wild chimpanzees also hunt in groups, and despite the potential of inferring ancestral hominid adaptations, it remains unclear whether chimpanzee hunting is a cooperative act. Here we show support for cooperative acquisition in wild chimpanzees since hunters are more likely to receive meat than bystanders, independent of begging effort. Engagement in prey searches and higher hunt participation independently increase hunting success, suggesting that coordination may improve motivation in joint tasks. We also find higher levels of urinary oxytocin after hunts and prey searches compared with controls. We conclude that chimpanzee hunting is cooperative, likely facilitated by behavioral and neuroendocrine mechanisms of coordination and reward. If group hunting has shaped humans’ life history traits, perhaps similar pressures acted upon life history patterns in the last common ancestor of human and chimpanzee.
Measuring the electron temperatures of coronal mass ejections with future space-based multi-channel coronagraphs: a numerical test
Authors: Bemporad A. , Pagano P. , Giordano S. 
Published: September 2018

Context. The determination from coronagraphic observations of physical parameters of the plasma embedded in coronal mass ejections (CMEs) is of crucial importance for our understanding of the origin and evolution of these phenomena.
Aims. The aim of this work is to perform the first ever numerical simulations of a CME as it will be observed by future two-channel (visible light VL and UV Ly-α) coronagraphs, such as the Metis instrument on-board ESA-Solar Orbiter mission, or any other future coronagraphs with the same spectral band-passes. These simulations are then used to test and optimize the plasma diagnostic techniques to be applied to future observations of CMEs.
Methods. The CME diagnostic techniques are tested here by analyzing synthetic coronagraphic observations. First, a numerical three-dimensional (3D) magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation of a CME is performed, and the plasma parameters in the simulation are used to generate synthetic visible light (VL) and ultraviolet (UV) coronagraphic two-dimensional (2D) images of the eruption (i.e., integrated along the line-of-sight). Second, synthetic data are analyzed with different assumptions (as will be done with real data), to infer the kinematic properties of the CME (such as the extension along the line-of-sight of the emitting region, the expansion speed, and the CME propagation direction), as well as physical parameters of the CME plasma (the plasma electron density and temperature). A comparison between input parameters from the simulation and output parameters from the synthetic data analysis is then performed.
Results. The inversion of VL polarized data allows to successfully determine the CME speed and 3D propagation direction (with the polarization ratio technique), as well as to derive information on the extension along the line-of-sight of the emitting plasma, a crucial parameter needed to convert the plasma electron column densities into number densities. These parameters are used to analyze UV Ly-α images and to estimate the CME plasma temperature, also taking into account Doppler dimming effect. Output plasma temperatures are in general underestimated, both in the CME body and core regions. By neglecting the UV Ly-α radiative excitation of H atoms, reliable temperatures can be more easily derived in the CME core (within ∼60%). On the other hand, we show that a determination of temperatures (within ∼20−30%) in the CME body requires 2D maps of CME radial speeds and Doppler dimming coefficients to be derived.
DKG-Zertifizierung für Kinderonkologische Zentren
Authors: Mensah Jumana , Jürgens Heribert , Eggert Angelika , Wesselmann Simone 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungMit dem neuen Zertifizierungsmodul wird die Entwicklung der interdisziplinären Vernetzung und eines zentralisierten Engagements für eine hohe Versorgungsqualität in der Kinderonkologie konsequent fortgeführt. Das neue Modul wurde gemeinsam durch die Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie (GPOH) und die Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft (DKG) 2016 initiiert. Der umfassende Anforderungskatalog, ausgehend von, aber nicht begrenzt auf die GBA-Richtlinie, konnte bisher von 7 Pilotzentren erfolgreich umgesetzt und dessen Praxistauglichkeit bestätigt werden. Interessierte Zentren können sich ab sofort für eine Zertifizierung als Kinderonkologisches Zentrum anmelden.
Chronische Pankreatitis – ein Update aus Sicht des Chirurgen
Authors: Belyaev Orlin , Uhl Waldemar 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungDie enorme sozioökonomische Auswirkung der chronischen Pankreatitis lässt sich durch stetig steigende Inzidenz und Prävalenz, häufige Hospitalisierungen, Entwicklung von Opiatabhängigkeit und vorzeitige Verrentung von jungen Menschen eindeutig demonstrieren. Ziele der Therapie sind die frühestmögliche Schmerzbefreiung mit Verbesserung der Lebensqualität, Beseitigung von Komplikationen und Karzinomvorbeugung unter maximalem Funktionserhalt. Da die konservative Behandlung alleine langfristig weitestgehend ineffektiv ist, spielt die chirurgische Therapie eine zentrale Rolle und sollte möglichst frühzeitig eingesetzt werden. Das Spektrum der operativen Verfahren ist sehr breit und umfasst reine Drainageeingriffe, klassische resektive Verfahren und parenchymschonende Hybridtechniken. Die Wahl des optimalen therapeutischen Managements sollte die konkreten pathomorphologischen Besonderheiten bei jedem individuellen Patienten berücksichtigen und wenn möglich an spezialisierten Pankreaszentren erfolgen. Diese Übersichtsarbeit präsentiert den aktuellen evidenzbasierten Wissensstand über die chronische Pankreatitis aus chirurgischer Sicht. Eine praxisorientierte Zusammenfassung der therapeutischen Strategien wird entsprechend der gültigen Leitlinien unter Berücksichtigung der neuesten Erkenntnisse aus der Literatur dargestellt.
Tee – weit mehr als ein Getränk?
Authors: Nieber Karen 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungTee trinken gehört seit Jahrtausenden zur menschlichen Geschichte. Tee war schon im alten China als Heilmittel bekannt und wurde im Lauf der Zeit zum alltäglichen Getränk. Tee ist ein Supercocktail mit vielfältigen Wirkungen. Obwohl die Inhaltsstoffe des Tees, besonders das Koffein und die Polyphenole, in vitro antioxidative, entzündungshemmende, antimikrobielle, antikarzinogene, blutdrucksenkende, neuroprotektive, cholesterinsenkende und thermogene Eigenschaften besitzen, sind die Ergebnisse am Menschen bisher sehr heterogen und nur in durch wenige Studien mit geringen Patientenzahlen belegt. Der Artikel gibt einen Überblick über klinische Studien zur Wirkung von schwarzem und grünem Tee bei Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen, Krebs, Hauterkrankungen sowie Wirkungen auf das Körperfett.
The Role of Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Appendiceal Tumors and Colorectal Adenocarcinomas
Authors: Kuncewitch Michael , Levine Edward , Shen Perry , Votanopoulos Konstantinos 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPeritoneal surface disease (PSD) has historically been used interchangeably with the term peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) and has a dismal natural history. A variety of malignant pathologies, including colorectal and appendiceal primary tumors, can disseminate throughout the peritoneal cavity, leading to bowel obstruction and death. In general, peritoneal spread from high-grade appendiceal and colorectal primaries has the potential of hepatic and distant spread and best classified as PC. Low-grade appendiceal tumors are better categorized as PSD, due to low cellularity, high mucin production, and lack of potential spread outside the peritoneal cavity. Growing international experience with cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) over the past 30 years has presented a therapeutic option to patients with PSD from colorectal and appendiceal tumors that can provide significant disease control, as well as potential for previously unattainable long-term survival. The proliferation of HIPEC centers and ongoing prospective trials are helping to standardize HIPEC techniques and patient selection.
Thioester Chromogenic Substrates for Human Factor VIIa: Substituted Isocoumarins Are Inhibitors of Factor VIIa and In Vitro Anticoagulants
Authors: Kam Chih-Min , Vlasuk George P , Smith Donna E , Arcuri Karen E , Powers James C 
Published: September 2018

SummaryArginine thiobenzyl esters are convenient chromogenic substrates of factor Vila (Z-Arg-SBzl, kcat/KM = 1,600 M−1 s−1) and were used to study the kinetics of inhibition of factor Vila by several mechanism-based isocoumarin inhibitors of trypsin-like enzymes. Isocoumarin derivatives substituted with a 7-guanidino or 3-isothiureidopropoxy group were good inhibitors of factor Vila and acted as anticoagulants in human and rabbit plasma. With normal citrated human plasma, 4-chloro-3-ethoxy-7-guanidinoisocoumarin (3) and 7-amino-4-chloro-3-(3-isothiurei-dopropoxy) isocoumarin (ACITIC, 6) prolonged the prothrombin time (PT) ca. two-fold and prolonged the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) more than 4.5-fold at 20-30 pM. Both compounds had smaller effects in rabbit plasma. The short half-life of ACITIC and related isocoumarins in plasma should make these compounds uniquely useful as anticoagulants in therapeutic situations where it is desirable to have anticoagulant effects for a short defined time period.
In Vitro Thromboxane Synthesis of Depleted Blood Platelets Following Renal Transplantation
Authors: Scharf Rüdiger E 
Published: September 2018

SummaryRenal transplant rejection is associated with platelet activation in vivo which may lead to partially α- and γ-granule-depleted platelets that continue to circulate. These “exhausted” platelets are hemostatically defective. Tb quantitate the extent of platelet granule depletion following kidney transplantation, we determined intraplatelet levels of β-thromboglobulin (βTG), platelet factor 4 (PF4), and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) ex vivo in Tiiton X-1O0-treated platelet lysates. To explore biochemical alterations of partially depleted platelets, we studied platelet thromboxane A2 (TXA2) synthesis in citrated plateletrich plasma (PRP) upon stimulation with thrombin or collagen in 45 recipients of renal allografts and 10 healthy volunteers. The patients were divided into subjects with acute and chronic allograft rejection (N = 15), those with compensated renal failure after kidney transplantation but without evidence of allograft rejection (N = 15), and those with functioning renal transplant (N = 15). The mean intraplatelet content of βTG (38.6 ± 4.2 μE/109 platelets), PF4 (11.8 ± 1.8 μg/109 platelets), and 5-HT (274 ± 31 μg/109 platelets) in patients with acute or chronic renal allograft rejection was significantly lower than in other recipients off < idney transplants or healthy volunteers (βTG: 59.9±4.7 μgl 109 platelets; PF4: 20.4±2.3 ¼g/n platelets; s-rrr: 46lraB ngl 10e platelets; p < 0.ffi5 in all casls). Platelet TxB2 formation upon stimulation with thrombin (10 U/ml) or collagen (6.25 ¼g/ml) for 5 min was significantly reduced in patients with acute or chronic renal allograft rejection (2.25±0.29 and 0.641 0.08 nmoUl0e platelets for thrombin- and collagen-stimulated platelets, respectively) compared to that of healthy volunteers (4.72± 0.60 and 1.35 ± 0.12 nmol/109 platelets, respectively; p <0.05 in all cases). In contrast, platelet TXB2 formation of patients with functioning kidney transplant or those with compensated renal failure but without evidence of transplant rejection did not differ significantly from that of normals. These results confirm that platelets with reduced levels of α- and β-granular constituents are detectable in the circulation following kidney transplantation when acute or chronic renal allograft rejections occur. These platelets are incapable of forming normal amounts of thromboxane upon stimulation with thrombin and collagen in vitro. This dysfunction of thromboxane synthesis, due to alterations in the platelet arachidonate pathway, may reflect the previous activation of platelets in vivo associated with acute or chronic renal allograft rejection.