bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of interacting and isolated quasars
Authors: Donoso L. , Alonso M. V. , García Lambas D. , Coldwell G. , Schmidt E. O. , Oio G. A. 
Published: April 2018

Aims. The main goal of this study was to determine the effects on equivalent widths (EWs) of some spectral lines produced in the quasars by the presence of surrounding galaxies. To carry this out, a sample of 4663 quasars (QSOs) in the redshift range of 0.20 to 0.40 from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey data release 7 was analyzed.
Methods. Three QSO sub-samples were defined, taking into account the projected separations and radial velocity differences with neighboring galaxies. In this way, we utilized two sub-samples of QSOs with strong and weak galaxy interactions, with projected separations smaller than 70 kpc, and between 70 and 140 kpc, respectively, and with radial velocity differences less than 5000 km s−1.
These sub-samples were compared with isolated QSOs defined as having greater projected separations and radial velocity differences to the galaxies.
Results. From a statistical study of the EWs of relevant spectral lines in the QSOs, we show an increment of the EWs of about 20% in the [OIII]λλ4959, 5007 lines and 7% in Hα
for QSOs with stronger galaxy interactions relative to the isolated QSOs. These increments were also observed restricting the sub-samples to velocity differences of 3000 km s−1. These results indicate that some line EWs of QSOs could be marginally influenced by the environment and that they are not affected by the emission of the host galaxy, which was estimated to be around 10% of the total emission. Furthermore, in order to gain a better understanding of the origin of the Hα emission line, we performed broad and narrow line decomposition in 100 QSOs in the restricted Sint sub-sample and also 100 randomly selected QSOs in the Iso sub-sample. When these QSOs were compared, the narrow component remained constant whereas the broad component was incremented. Our results, which reveal slight differences in EWs of some emission lines, suggest that galaxy interactions with QSOs may affect the QSO activity.
Multiwavelength approach to classifying transient events in the direction of M 31
Authors: Soraisam Monika D. , Gilfanov Marat , Kupfer Thomas , Prince Thomas A. , Masci Frank , Laher Russ R. , Kong Albert K. H. 
Published: April 2018

Context. In the hunt for rare time-domain events, it is important to consider confusing exotic extragalactic phenomena with more common Galactic foreground events.
Aims. We show how observations from multiple wavebands, in this case optical and X-ray observations, can be used to facilitate the distinction between the two.
Methods. We discovered an extremely bright and rapid transient event during optical observations of the M 31 galaxy taken by the intermediate Palomar Transient Factory (iPTF). The persistent optical counterpart of this transient was previously thought to be a variable star in M 31 without any dramatic flux excursions. The iPTF event initially appeared to be an extraordinarily rapid and energetic extragalactic transient, which had a ≈3 mag positive flux excursion in less than a kilosecond; one of the exciting possibilities was this event could be a very fast nova in M 31. The nature of the source was resolved with the help of Chandra archival data, where we found an X-ray counterpart and obtained its X-ray spectrum.
Results. We find the X-ray spectrum of the quiescent emission can be described by a model of optically thin plasma emission with a temperature of ≈7 MK, typical for coronal emission from an active star. The combination of the X-ray luminosity, which is calculated assuming the source is located in M 31 (~3 × 1036 erg s−1), and the color temperature exclude any type of known accreting compact object or active star in M 31. We argue instead that the optical transient source is an M-type main-sequence, active star located in the disk of the Milky Way at a distance of ~0.5–1 kpc. Its persistent X-ray luminosity is in the ≈1.3–5 × 1030 erg s−1 range and it has the absolute optical magnitude of 9.5–11.0 mag in the R band. The observed optical flare has the equivalent duration of ≈95 min and total energy of ≈(0.3–1) × 1035 erg in the R band, which places it among the brightest flares ever observed from an M-type star. This case can serve as an example for the classification of Galactic and extragalactic events in upcoming high-cadence time-domain projects, such as the Zwicky Transient Facility and the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope.
A Critical Review on Obstetric Follow-up of Women Affected by Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Pastore Danilo Eduardo Abib , Costa Maria Laura , Parpinelli Mary Angela , Surita Fernanda Garanhani 
Published: April 2018

Objective To review the existing recommendations on the prenatal care of women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), based on currently available scientific evidence.
Methods An integrative review was performed by two independent researchers, based on the literature available in the MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE and The Cochrane Library databases, using the medical subject headings (MeSH) terms “systemic lupus erythematosus” AND “high-risk pregnancy” OR “prenatal care.” Studies published in English between 2007 and 2017 were included; experimental studies and case reports were excluded. In cases of disagreement regarding the inclusion of studies, a third senior researcher was consulted. Forty titles were initially identified; four duplicates were excluded. After reading the abstracts, 7 were further excluded and 29 were selected for a full-text evaluation.
Results Systemic lupus erythematosus flares, preeclampsia, gestation loss, preterm birth, fetal growth restriction and neonatal lupus syndromes (mainly congenital heart-block) were the major complications described. The multidisciplinary team should adopt a specific monitoring, with particular therapeutic protocols. There are safe and effective drug options that should be prescribed for a good control of SLE activity.
Conclusion Pregnant women with SLE present an increased risk for maternal complications, pregnancy loss and other adverse outcomes. The disease activity may worsen and, thereby, increase the risk of other maternal-fetal complications. Thus, maintaining an adequate control of disease activity and treating flares quickly should be a central goal during prenatal care.
Acute Post-Tracheostomy Clinical Decompensations in Infants—Are There Predictive Markers?
Authors: Taylor Jane , Petralia Antonio , Oschman Alexandra , Norberg Mike , Weatherly Robert , Truog William , Manimtim Winston , Nyp Michael 
Published: April 2018

Objective To report on the population of infants receiving a tracheostomy, identify acute post-tracheostomy clinical decompensations, and seek predictive markers associated with acute complications following the placement of a tracheostomy.
Study Design Retrospective deidentified clinical data was provided by the Infant Pulmonary Data Repository at Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City. Data from infants undergoing tracheostomy from January 1, 2008 through September 30, 2016 were divided into one of two study groups based on clinical correlations: (1) no acute decompensations within 72 hours post-tracheostomy or (2) acute clinical decompensation defined as sustained escalation of respiratory care within the 72 hours following tracheostomy.
Results Thirty-four percent of infants undergoing tracheostomy during this period developed acute post-tracheostomy clinical decompensations. Elevated pre-tracheostomy positive end expiratory pressure, mean airway pressure, and echocardiogram findings suggestive of pulmonary hypertension (PH) or ventricular dysfunction were associated with acute post-tracheostomy clinical decompensations. Additionally acute post-tracheostomy clinical decompensation was associated with higher rate of death prior to discharge.
Conclusion Infants requiring higher respiratory support and infants with PH or ventricular dysfunction are at risk of acute post-tracheostomy clinical decompensation, thus identifying these patients may lead to better pre-tracheostomy counseling and potentially targeted treatments to decrease this risk.
PROLONG Clinical Study Protocol: Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate to Reduce Recurrent Preterm Birth
Authors: Gyamfi-Bannerman Cynthia , Biggio Joseph , Chauhan Suneet , Hughes Brenna , Louis Judette , Manuck Tracy , Miller Hugh , Das Anita , Birch Robert , Jozwiakowski Michael , Blackwell Sean 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe objective of this commentary is to describe the background, rationale, and methods of the PROLONG (Progestin's Role in Optimizing Neonatal Gestation) trial, which is a multicenter, multinational, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial (RCT) designed to assess the safety and efficacy of Makena (hydroxyprogesterone caproate injection, 250 mg/mL) in reducing the risk of preterm birth (PTB) and neonatal morbidity/mortality in women pregnant with a singleton gestation who had a previous singleton spontaneous PTB. The total sample size of the RCT will include 1,707 women. The trial has two coprimary outcomes: PTB less than 35 weeks and a composite neonatal morbidity and mortality index. This study sample size will provide 90% power to assess for a 35% reduction in neonatal morbidity and mortality. Secondary outcomes will include 2-year follow-up of infants. The trial is ongoing and targeted to complete recruitment in 2018.
Differentiating Subchondral Insufficiency Fracture from Osteonecrosis May Help Avoid Unnecessary Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Moya-Angeler Joaquin , Haring R , Li Angela , Greditzer IV Harry , Lane Joseph , Gianakos Arianna 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDifferentiation of subchondral insufficiency fracture (SIF) from osteonecrosis (ON) is clinically important. The purpose of this study is to correlate the X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in cases that have been diagnosed histopathologically as SIF or ON, define features on X-ray and MRI analysis, and identify clinical features that may aid in the diagnosis of SIF from ON. Two blinded radiologists evaluated 104 femoral heads that were diagnosed on histopathology as either ON or SIF. Radiographs and MRIs were evaluated for pertinent radiologic features. If a low signal intensity band was present on MRI, size/depth, shape (parallel/concave/serpentine), and consistency (fatty/edematous/fibrous/mixed) were characterized. About 48.1% of SIF cases were misdiagnosed on X-ray. On MRI, SIF was associated with the presence of a parallel band (p < 0.001), while ON was associated with a serpentine band (p < 0.001). Fifty-eight percent of SIF cases had low intensity signal bands that were fibrous (p < 0.001), while 86% of ON cases had mixed signal bands (p < 0.001). Mean depth for SIF and ON patients was 1.56 mm and 15.36 mm, respectively. Women with bone mineral density <  − 1, and age > 50 years had higher odds of SIF (p = 0.047, p = 0.014, p = 0.034, respectively). SIF is often misdiagnosed on X-ray, and the presence, shape, quality, and depth of the band on MRI can help distinguish SIF from ON. Patients with inconclusive X-ray findings with clinical features that match potential SIF should be considered for MRI. It is reasonable to allow for nonoperative management before recommending operative procedures in patients suspected of having SIF, as these fractures may be possibly managed conservatively.
Können Hüftprotektoren das Risiko für Hüftfrakturen bei älteren Patienten wirksam vermindern?
Authors: Pfeifer M. 
Published: April 2018

ZusammenfassungEntsprechend früherer Studien können Hüftprotektoren das Risiko für Hüftfrakturen bei älteren Bewohnern von Pflegeheimen reduzieren. Neuere Studien hingegen konnten diese Wirksamkeit nicht mehr bestätigen. Deshalb hat sich mittlerweile eine internationale Forschungsgruppe zum Thema Hüftprotektoren gebildet, die Kriterien formuliert hat, nach denen zukünftige Studien zum Nachweis der Wirksamkeit durchgeführt werden sollen. Die Erfüllung dieser Kriterien führt allerdings dazu, dass neuere klinische Studien noch teurer und aufwendiger werden. Dadurch wird es fraglich, ob diese Studien in Zukunft überhaupt noch durchgeführt werden.
Systemisch inflammatorische Erkrankungen als Differenzialdiagnose in der Neugeborenenperiode – Inflammasom-vermittelte Erkrankungen
Authors: Hofmann S. R. , Bruck N. , Hahn G. , Rösen-Wolff A. , Hedrich C. M. 
Published: April 2018

ZusammenfassungAutoinflammatorische Erkrankungen sind durch systemische oder organbezogene Entzündung gekennzeichnet, welche zumindest initial von fehlregulierten Mechanismen des angeborenen Immunsystems ausgehen. Einige monogene autoinflammatorische Erkrankungen manifestieren in der Perinatalperiode, sodass sie Differenzialdiagnosen zu Infektionen des Neugeborenen darstellen. Im vorliegenden Artikel werden Einblicke in die klinische Präsentation und die molekulare Pathophysiologie Inflammasom-vermittelter monogener Erkrankungen mit Manifestation im Neugeborenenalter gegeben.
Comparative study of polyethylene polyamines as activator molecules for a structurally unstable group I ribozyme
Authors: Gulshan Mst Ara , Matsumura Shigeyoshi , Higuchi Tsunehiko , Umezawa Naoki , Ikawa Yoshiya 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
Polyamines are a promising class of molecules that can modulate RNA enzyme activities. To analyze the effects of the number of amine moieties systematically, we employed four polyamines sharing dimethylene units to connect amine moieties. As a model RNA enzyme, we used a structurally unstable group I ribozyme, which was activated most and least efficiently by tetraethylenepentamine and diethylenetriamine respectively.
Novel diagnostic tool for prediction of variant spliceogenicity derived from a set of 395 combined in silico/in vitro studies: an international collaborative effort
Authors: Leman Raphaël , Gaildrat Pascaline , Le Gac Gérald , Ka Chandran , Fichou Yann , Audrezet Marie-Pierre , Caux-Moncoutier Virginie , Caputo Sandrine M , Boutry-Kryza Nadia , Léone Mélanie , Mazoyer Sylvie , Bonnet-Dorion Françoise , Sevenet Nicolas , Guillaud-Bataille Marine , Rouleau Etienne , Bressac-de Paillerets Brigitte , Wappenschmidt Barbara , Rossing Maria , Muller Danielle , Bourdon Violaine , Revillon Françoise , Parsons Michael T , Rousselin Antoine , Davy Grégoire , Castelain Gaia , Castéra Laurent , Sokolowska Joanna , Coulet Florence , Delnatte Capucine , Férec Claude , Spurdle Amanda B , Martins Alexandra , Krieger Sophie , Houdayer Claude 
Published: April 2018

AbstractVariant interpretation is the key issue in molecular diagnosis. Spliceogenic variants exemplify this issue as each nucleotide variant can be deleterious via disruption or creation of splice site consensus sequences. Consequently, reliable in silico prediction of variant spliceogenicity would be a major improvement. Thanks to an international effort, a set of 395 variants studied at the mRNA level and occurring in 5′ and 3′ consensus regions (defined as the 11 and 14 bases surrounding the exon/intron junction, respectively) was collected for 11 different genes, including BRCA1, BRCA2, CFTR and RHD, and used to train and validate a new prediction protocol named Splicing Prediction in Consensus Elements (SPiCE). SPiCE combines in silico predictions from SpliceSiteFinder-like and MaxEntScan and uses logistic regression to define optimal decision thresholds. It revealed an unprecedented sensitivity and specificity of 99.5 and 95.2%, respectively, and the impact on splicing was correctly predicted for 98.8% of variants. We therefore propose SPiCE as the new tool for predicting variant spliceogenicity. It could be easily implemented in any diagnostic laboratory as a routine decision making tool to help geneticists to face the deluge of variants in the next-generation sequencing era. SPiCE is accessible at (https://sourceforge.net/projects/spicev2-1/).
How to Think—Not Feel—about Tobacco Harm Reduction
Authors: Warner Kenneth E 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe debate over tobacco harm reduction (THR) has divided the tobacco control community into two camps, one expressing serious reservations about THR whereas the other believes that reduced-risk products like e-cigarettes will disrupt the cigarette market. The often emotional debate would benefit from dispassionate data-based evaluation of evidence.MethodsAfter briefly discussing harm reduction in public health and specifically in tobacco control, this paper identifies major issues concerning e-cigarettes and reviews relevant evidence. Issues include: e-cigarettes’ risks compared to cigarette smoking; the effect of vaping on youth smoking; vaping’s impact on adult smoking cessation; the net long-term public health implications of vaping; and differences in views on policy issues. The intent is to provide a broad overview of issues and evidence, directing readers to more detailed reviews of specific issues.FindingsPrincipal findings include the following: (1) while longitudinal studies suggest that vaping increases never-smoking young people’s odds of trying smoking, national survey data indicate that adolescents’ 30-day smoking prevalence decreased at an unprecedented rate precisely whereas vaping increased. Use of all other tobacco products also declined. (2) Recent population-level studies add evidence that vaping is increasing adult smoking cessation. (3) Vaping is likely to make a positive contribution to public health.ConclusionsTHR can be a complement to, not a substitute for, evidenced-based tobacco control interventions. Tobacco control professionals need to focus on objective assessment of and discussion about the potential costs and benefits of THR.ImplicationsParticipants on both sides of the divisive THR debate need to examine the complicated issues and evidence more objectively. This entails considering both the potential benefits and costs associated with reduced-risk products like e-cigarettes. Furthermore, it requires examining different kinds of evidence when considering specific issues. For example, those concerned by longitudinal study findings that vaping increases students’ trial of cigarettes should consider US national survey evidence that youth smoking has decreased at an unprecedented rate. A review of the major issues suggests that the potential of vaping to assist adult smokers to quit outweighs the potential negatives.
Microarteriovenous Malformations—Value of Indocyanine Green Fluorescence and Nuances of Surgical Excision: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Sorenson Thomas J , Carlstrom Lucas , Lanzino Giuseppe 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
MicroAVMs (microarteriovenous malformation) are arteriovenous shunts with a nidus smaller than 1 centimeter.
1
They are typically diagnosed after hemorrhage. When the nidus is very small, diagnosis can be challenging even on catheter angiography and careful examination of the arterial and capillary phases is required to identify the early shunt. Because of the very small size, identification and localization of the actual AV shunt can be problematic during surgical exploration. Advances in frameless stereotactic neuronavigation and the introduction of intraoperative indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescein provide useful adjuncts in the surgical treatment of these relatively uncommon lesions. In this video, we present 2 cases which document the value of intraoperative ICG fluorescein as well as some of the surgical pitfalls in the treatment of these lesions.
The Effect of Parity on Efficacy and Safety Outcomes in Induction of Labor [31B]
Authors: Miller Hugh , Billips Benjamin , Dutia Roxanne , Soskin Luba , Raymond Kyle , Powers Barbara 
Published: April 2018

INTRODUCTION:
We investigated the effect of parity on induction of labor (IOL) outcomes in women treated with either misoprostol (MVI) or dinoprostone vaginal inserts (DVI).

METHODS:
Pooled IOL outcome data were analyzed from 3 phase II/III trials using DVI 10mg and MVI 200µg in nulliparous (DVI n=715/MVI n=522) versus parous (DVI n=390/MVI n=283) women during first hospitalization. Descriptive statistics compared demographics; logistic regression assessed the relationship between parity, treatment, and outcomes. Adverse events (AEs) investigated: 1) abnormal fetal heart rate (FHR II/III), 2) uterine tachysystole (UT), 3) abnormal FHR with/without UT (FHR/UT), 4) abnormal labor affecting the fetus (UT with FHR II/III), 5) UT or hypertonus with/without FHR II/III (UH), 6) meconium, and 7) arrested labor (AL).

RESULTS:
Demographics were similar between groups except parous women were older. Parity was associated with a higher odds of vaginal delivery (VD) and lower odds of Cesarean delivery (CD) compared to nulliparity (P<.001). Parous women had fewer specific AEs (FHR II/III, FHR/UT, UH, meconium, AL; P<.001). No differences in odds of VD or CD were observed between treatments. Women in both parity groups had a greater risk of UH (P<.001) if treated with MVI vs DVI, but only nullipara showed greater odds of UT with FHR II/III, FHR/UT, and meconium if treated with MVI vs. DVI (P<.05). There was no statistical evidence of an interaction between parity and treatment.

CONCLUSION:
Parity had improved efficacy and safety outcomes compared to nulliparity. Treatment with MVI led to greater risk of certain AEs; these were more frequently noted in nullipara.
Anemia in Pregnancy and Risk of Blood Transfusion [11C]
Authors: Scholz Rob , Young Danielle , Scavone Barbara , Hofer Jennifer , Siddiqui Maryam 
Published: April 2018

INTRODUCTION:
A third of women have antepartum anemia, potentially leading to maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Allogenic blood transfusion is often an appropriate treatment. Available evidence suggests antepartum correction may decrease postpartum transfusion volumes. This retrospective cohort study investigated the relationship between anemia at mid-trimester (24-28 weeks or third trimester) and estimated blood loss (EBL) and transfusion at delivery.

METHODS:
All deliveries between January 2014 and March 2015 at our institution were eligible for inclusion. Exclusion criteria included delivery <24 weeks gestational age and unknown mid-trimester hemoglobin. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin

RESULTS:
1071 patients were included. 473 (44.16%) were anemic at mid-trimester and 36 (3.36%) required postpartum transfusion. Of patients non-anemic at mid-trimester, 7% were anemic at delivery compared to 57% of those who were anemic at mid-trimester (p<0.001). Five (0.84%) non-anemic patients required transfusion compared to 31 (6.55%) anemic patients (p=<0.001). Of transfused patients, EBL was higher in non-anemic compared to anemic patients (mean EBL 2520.00+/-962.81ml vs. 1601.45+/-1464.38ml, p=0.04). Mean transfusion volume did not differ (not anemic 3.60+/-1.67 vs. anemic 2.67+/-2.44, p=0.011).

CONCLUSION:
Patients with anemia at mid-trimester were significantly more likely to be anemic at delivery. These patients had higher rates of postpartum blood transfusion despite lower EBL than non-anemic patients. The trend toward lower transfusion volume for anemic patients suggests that these may be preventable. Treatment of anemia at mid-trimester is essential.