bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective analysis of circulating metabolites and breast cancer in EPIC
Authors: His Mathilde , Viallon Vivian , Dossus Laure , Gicquiau Audrey , Achaintre David , Scalbert Augustin , Ferrari Pietro , Romieu Isabelle , Onland-Moret N. Charlotte , Weiderpass Elisabete , Dahm Christina C. , Overvad Kim , Olsen Anja , Tjønneland Anne , Fournier Agnès , Rothwell Joseph A. , Severi Gianluca , Kühn Tilman , Fortner Renée T. , Boeing Heiner , Trichopoulou Antonia , Karakatsani Anna , Martimianaki Georgia , Masala Giovanna , Sieri Sabina , Tumino Rosario , Vineis Paolo , Panico Salvatore , van Gils Carla H. , Nøst Therese H. , Sandanger Torkjel M. , Skeie Guri , Quirós J. Ramón , Agudo Antonio , Sánchez Maria-Jose , Amiano Pilar , Huerta José María , Ardanaz Eva , Schmidt Julie A. , Travis Ruth C. , Riboli Elio , Tsilidis Konstantinos K. , Christakoudi Sofia , Gunter Marc J. , Rinaldi Sabina 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundMetabolomics is a promising molecular tool to identify novel etiologic pathways leading to cancer. Using a targeted approach, we prospectively investigated the associations between metabolite concentrations in plasma and breast cancer risk.MethodsA nested case-control study was established within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer cohort, which included 1624 first primary incident invasive breast cancer cases (with known estrogen and progesterone receptor and HER2 status) and 1624 matched controls. Metabolites (n = 127, acylcarnitines, amino acids, biogenic amines, glycerophospholipids, hexose, sphingolipids) were measured by mass spectrometry in pre-diagnostic plasma samples and tested for associations with breast cancer incidence using multivariable conditional logistic regression.ResultsAmong women not using hormones at baseline (n = 2248), and after control for multiple tests, concentrations of arginine (odds ratio [OR] per SD = 0.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.70–0.90), asparagine (OR = 0.83 (0.74–0.92)), and phosphatidylcholines (PCs) ae C36:3 (OR = 0.83 (0.76–0.90)), aa C36:3 (OR = 0.84 (0.77–0.93)), ae C34:2 (OR = 0.85 (0.78–0.94)), ae C36:2 (OR = 0.85 (0.78–0.88)), and ae C38:2 (OR = 0.84 (0.76–0.93)) were inversely associated with breast cancer risk, while the acylcarnitine C2 (OR = 1.23 (1.11–1.35)) was positively associated with disease risk. In the overall population, C2 (OR = 1.15 (1.06–1.24)) and PC ae C36:3 (OR = 0.88 (0.82–0.95)) were associated with risk of breast cancer, and these relationships did not differ by breast cancer subtype, age at diagnosis, fasting status, menopausal status, or adiposity.ConclusionsThese findings point to potentially novel pathways and biomarkers of breast cancer development. Results warrant replication in other epidemiological studies.
Introduction to the inaugural volume of Indiana Working Papers in South Asian Languages and Cultures (IWPSALC)
Authors: Berkson Kelly Harper , Lotven Samson Alexander , Wamsley James Christian 
Published: September 2019

Welcome to the inaugural volume of IWPSALC. In creating this publication—inspired by progress reports like those published from 1965 through 1995 as the Haskins Laboratories Status Report on Speech Research—we seek to encourage scholars to publish discrete portions of their research while they work towards full papers. The papers included herein are a small sampling of the work that began in Spring 2018, work which will be presented at future conferences, be expanded for other publications, and serve as the basis for future dissertations. Since much of the research is still ongoing, in a sense this volume provides a sneak peek at things yet to come. Topics touched on range from the phonetic to the syntactic to the descriptive. Thank you for picking up this volume and showing interest. We hope the contents are of interest and we look forward to future conversations.
Optimization of the Ratio of ω-6 Linoleic and ω-3 α-Linolenic Fatty Acids of Hemp Seed Oil with Jackknife and Bootstrap Resampling
Authors: Devi Vibha , Khanam Shabina 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In the present work, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of hemp (Cannabis sativa) seed oil at various ranges of SFE parameters is performed. These parameters and respective ranges are temperature (40–80) °C, pressure (200–350) bar, solvent (CO2) flow rate (5–15) g/min, particle size (0.43–1.02) mm and amount of co-solvent (ethanol) (0–10) % of solvent flow rate. Central composite design (CCD) suggests 32 experimental runs to perform through SFE. The obtained oil is analysed through gas chromatography to identify its fatty acids concentrations. The ratio of ω-6 linoleic and ω-3 α-linolenic fatty acids (ω-6/ω-3) is optimized through CCD to obtain the desired amount of 3:1 as this ratio is highly preferred for various health benefits. Ratio of ω-6/ω-3 is obtained in the range from 2.11 to 3.06:1 for all experimental runs. The effect of SFE parameters on this ratio is investigated. Further, cross-validation is peformed on the experimental data obtained for the concentrations of both fatty acids by jackknife and bootstrap resampling to authenticate the obtained data. Small value of standard deviation (~1), less standard error of the mean (SEM) (<0.8) and less variance coefficient (<0.11) confirms the validity of the obtained data. All the estimators’ values such as standard deviation, variance coefficients and SEM are observed in 95 % of confidence intervals.
Die Aktivierung der seltenen Erden durch thermische Neutronen I
Authors: Bothe Walther 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Die Aktivitäten, die mit thermischen Neutronen in Thulium, Ytterbium und Cassiopeium erhalten wurden, und ihre Kennzeichen sind in folgender Tabelle zusammengestellt:
[xxx]
Die kernphysikalische Stoffanalyse wird sicherer und einfacher, wenn man außer dem zeitlichen Aktivitätsverlauf auch die Absorption der Strahlen verfolgt. Für die Ermittlung eines kleinen Tm- oder Cp-Gehalts werden Beispiele gebracht.
Zur Konstitution der Hefenucleinsäure
Authors: Schramm Gerhard , Bergold Gernot , Flammersfeld Heinrich 
Published: September 2019

Abstrakt
Von Hefenucleinsäuren verschiedenen Ursprungs werden die Diffusionskonstanten und bei einigen auch die Sedimentationskonstanten in der Ultrazentrifuge gemessen. Hieraus werden die Molekulargewichte und die Formkonstanten der Nucleinsäuren ermittelt.
Um die Verknüpfungsart der Mononucleotide in der Hefenucleinsäure festzustellen, wird Hefenucleinsäure mit kristallisierter Ribonuclease gespalten. Bei maximaler Spaltung mit diesem Enzym entsteht nur ein freies Säureäquivalent auf je 4 Phosphoratome. Werden die mit Ribonuclease erhaltenen Spaltstücke mit „Nucleophosphatase" aus Dünndarmschleimhaut behandelt, so werden die restlichen 3 Säureäquivalente erfaßt, was einer vollständigen Spaltung in freie Mononucleotide entsprechen würde.
Die Diffusionskonstante der mit Ribonuclease erhaltenen Spaltstücke w i r d gemessen. Es ergibt sich nicht der für ein Tetranucleotid erwartete Wert, sondern der eines Mononucleotids. Das Gemisch der Spaltstücke wird weiterhin elektrophoretisch untersucht.
Zur Deutung der gewonnenen Ergebnisse wird angenommen, daß die Verknüpfung der Mononucleotide untereinander durch Ribonuclease in gleicher Weise gespalten, aber bei einem Teil der entstehenden Mononucleotide die Phosphorsäuregruppe innermolekular verestert wird. Entgegen den bisherigen Anschauungen ergibt sich jedenfalls aus der Spaltung der Hefenucleinsäuren mit Ribonuclease kein Hinweis darauf, daß in ihr besondere Tetranucleotide vorgebildet sind.
Über die Umsetzung von Formaldehyd mit Cyclohexen und zur Kenntnis des Hexahydrosaligenins (II. Mitteilung)
Authors: Olsen Sigurd 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Im Rahmen einer Untersuchung über die Partialgleichgewichte der Formaldehyd- Cyclohexen - Umsetzung wurden das Cyclohexylacetat und das Formaldehyd-dicyclohexylacetal mit Formaldehyd, Eisessig und Schwefelsäure zur Reaktion gebracht. In beiden Fällen entstehen die gleichen Reaktionsprodukte wie bei der direkten Umsetzung des Cyclohexens. - Wie das Hexahydrosaligenin-formaldehydacetal (Methylenäther) lassen sich auch andere cyclische Acetale des Hexahydrosaligenins durch die Eisessig- Schwefelsäure-Spaltung in das Hexahydrosaligenin-diacetat überführen. - Durch eine thermische Essigsäureabspaltung erhält man aus Hexahydrosaligenin-diacetat Tetrahydrobenzylacetat, aus Hexabydropbthalanylacetat Tetrahydrophthalan.
Über die anodische Oxydation des Formaldehyds in alkalischer Lösung
Authors: Hoyer Herbert 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Es wird der Nachweis geführt, daß der bei der Elektrolyse formaldehydhaltiger alkalischer Lösungen anodisch entwickelte Wasserstoff ausschließlich aus CH-Bindungen stammt. Zu diesem Zweck wurde eine Lösung von schwerer Natronlauge NaOD (0,79-n.), die in bezug auf leichten Formaldehyd HCHO 10,6-proz. war, elektrolysiert und der anodische Wasserstoff mit einer Wärmeleitfähigkeitsmethode auf seine Isotopenzusammensetzung hin analysiert. Dabei wurde gefunden, daß an der Anode ausschließlich leichter Wasserstoff auftrat.
Die Kettenlängenabhängigkeit des Volumens, des Ausdehnungskoeffizienten und der Einfriertemperatur von fraktionierten Polystyrolen
Authors: Ueberreiter Kurt , Kanig Gerhard 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
1. Styrol wird ohne Katalysator thermisch bei 200° und 300° C polymerisiert. Aus beiden Stoffen werden 18 Fraktionen vom Polymerisationsgrad 2-900 rein dargestellt.
2. Von allen Fraktionen werden V-T-Kurven unterhalb und
3. Es werden aus den Volumenkurven empirische Beziehungen gewonnen und theoretisch gedeutet.
4. Alle Fraktionen haben am abs. Nullpunkt das gleiche extrapolierte Flüssigkeitsvolumen.
5. Das Volumen eines Polymeren wird additiv aus den Partialvolumina seiner End- und Mittelglieder zusammengestzt und daraus die spezif. Volumina und die Ausdehnungskoeffizienten in Abhängigkeit vom Molekulargewicht und der Temperatur berechnet.
6. Es wird ein Einfrierdiagramm des Systems Polystyrol, aufgebaut aus Mittel-und Endgliedern, gegeben.
7. Die unterschiedlichen partiellen thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten von End- und Mittelgliedern und die Kettenlängenabhängigkeit der Einfriertemperatur werden erklärt.
8. Als Übergangsbereich vom niedrigmolekularen zum hochmolekularen Verhalten wird die Kettenlänge 17 als mathematisch leicht festlegbarer Wert gefunden.
Analysis of Spin Polarisation Transients in Periodically Photo-excited Triplet States
Authors: Winscom C. J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The behaviour of spin sublevel populations with time following periodic photo-excitation is ex-amined. The treatment is limited to conditions of magnetic field strength and temperature for which the spin lattice relaxation rates dominate the individual spin sublevel decay rates.
The response of the system to three modes of excitation is considered: (i) continuous excitation using a time-independent intensity (ii) periodic rectangular pulse excitation and (iii) periodic waveform excitation.
A convenient correspondence between the various forms of solutions is pointed out. The requirements of an experiment to determine spin-lattice relaxation rates in organic triplets at 77 K are discussed.
Adherence of Option B+ prevention of mother-to-child transmission program and its associated factors among pregnant and lactating mothers in public health facilities of East Gojjam zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia, 2017
Authors: Demelash Yezina , Abebe Nurilign , Sharew Yewbmirt , Mehare Tsegaye 
Published: September 2019

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Adherence of antiretroviral treatment (ART) among women on prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) program is a central component to reduce viral loads and achieve elimination of mother to child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to Ethiopia. Option B+ PMTCT program is a recently introduced approach to eliminate new HIV infection among child. There is limited evidence on the drug adherence of women on ART in the Option B+ strategy. The aim was to assess adherence of Option B+ PMTCT drug and its associated factors among pregnant &amp; lactating mothers in health facilities of East Gojjam zone, Amhara, Ethiopia, 2017.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Institution based cross-sectional study design was conducted from randomly selected three public health facilities in East Gojjam zone. Data was entered in to Epi data 3.1 and cleared then transferred to SPSS version 20 for analysis. To assess the associated factors, logistic regression model was employed. A p value &lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Adherence on Option B+ PMTCT drug was 75%. The likelihood of being adherence found to be significant association with the following variables: Mother’s educational status (AOR=2.03; 95%CI: 1.465, 8.918), partner occupation (AOR=4.73; 95%CI: 1.12, 19.87), time to reach to health facility (AOR=0.21; 95%CI: 0.05, 0.824), and maternal HIV knowledge (AOR=0.13; 95%CI: 0.03, 0.44).</p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Adherence to Option B+ PMTCT drug in East Gojjam zone, Amhara region was low compared to the national goal. Effort should be made both governmentally as well as non- governmentally to advance the knowledge about Option B+ PMTCT program so as to improve the long term maternal and child health.
PHONOLOGICAL VARIATION OF PASAR KLIWON ARABIC DIALECT SURAKARTA
Authors: Al Aziiz Arief Nur Rahman , Ridwan Muhammad 
Published: September 2019

<p>This article studies about sound variation sand sound change in Arabic dialect Pasar Kliwon. The data searching use observe (<em>simak</em>) and conversation (<em>cakap</em>) method. The technique of data searching is record (<em>rekam</em>) and register (<em>catat</em>). The data searching refers to question list from 120 swadesh vocabularies. Data analysis used padan method and depends on informan’s speech organ. The analysis research use sound change theory according to Crowley (1992) and Muslich (2012). The vowel sound in Arabic dialect Pasar Kliwon divided by two kinds: short vowel sound and long vowel sound. There are twenty sevenconsonant sounds and divided by seven kinds: plosive, fricative, affricative, liquid, voiced, voiceless, and velariation sound. The sound variation of semi-vowel is <em>wawu</em> and <em>ya</em>&gt;’. The vowel sound change divided by four kinds: lenition, anaptycsis, apocope, metathesis. The consonant sound change divided by four kinds: lenition, anaptycsis, apocope, and sincope.The diftong sound change is monoftongitation.</p>
Microorganisms involved in Deep Neck Infection (DNIs) in Greece: detection, identification and susceptibility to antimicrobials
Authors: Beka Despoina , Lachanas Vasileios A. , Doumas Stergios , Xytsas Stelios , Kanatas Anastasios , Petinaki Efi , Skoulakis Charalampos E. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background
To determine, from October 2010 to October 2018, the epidemiology of Deep Neck Infections (DNIs), regarding the detection, the identification and the susceptibility to antimicrobials of causative microorganisms, in Thessaly-Central Greece.
Methods
An analysis of data from a prospective database was conducted on 610 consecutive patients with DNIs treated in the Otolaryngology / Head & Neck Surgery Department of University Hospital of Larissa. Demographics, clinical features and microbiological data were analyzed.
Results
Among the 610 patients (1,9/1 male to female ratio, mean age: 39,24±17,25) with DNIs, 584 had a single space (95,7%), while the remaining had a multi-space (4,3%) DNI. The most common areas affected were the peritonsillar space (84,6%) followed by the submandibular space (6,5%). Clinical samples were obtained from 462 patients, and were tested by culture and by the application of 16S rRNA PCR. Two hundred fifty-five samples (55,2%) gave positive cultures, in which Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus were predominant. The application of the 16S rRNA PCR revealed that 183 samples (39,6%) were positive for bacterial DNA; 22 of them, culture negative, were found to be positive for anaerobic ( Fusobacterium necrophorum, Actinomyces israellii etc) and for fastidious microorganisms ( Brucella mellitensis, Mycobacterium avium ).
Conclusion
DNIs represent a medical and surgical emergency and evidence-guided empirical treatment with intravenous infusion of antibiotics at the time of diagnosis is mandatory, highlighting the importance of epidemiological studies regarding the causative microorganisms. Although, in our study, the predominant pathogens were S. pyogenes and S. aureus, the combination of culture and molecular assay revealed that anaerobic bacteria play also a significant role in the pathogenesis of DNIs.
Comparative transcriptomics of Gymnosporangium spp. teliospores reveals a conserved genetic program at this specific stage of the rust fungal life cycle
Authors: Tao Si-Qi , Cao Bin , Morin Emmanuelle , Liang Ying-Mei , Duplessis Sébastien 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Gymnosporangium spp. are fungal plant pathogens causing rust disease and most of them are known to infect two different host plants (heteroecious) with four spore stages (demicyclic). In the present study, we sequenced the transcriptome of

G. japonicum teliospores on its host plant Juniperus chinensis and we performed comparison to the transcriptomes of G. yamadae and G. asiaticum at the same life stage, that happens in the same host but on different organs.
Results: Functional annotation for the three Gymnosporangium species showed the expression of a conserved genetic program with the top abundant cellular categories corresponding to energy, translation and signal transduction processes, indicating that this life stage is particularly active. Moreover, the survey of predicted secretomes in the three Gymnosporangium transcriptomes revealed shared and specific genes encoding carbohydrate active enzymes and secreted proteins of unknown function that could represent candidate pathogenesis effectors. A transcript encoding a hemicellulase of the glycoside hydrolase 26 family, previously identified in other rust fungi, was particularly highly expressed suggesting a general role in rust fungi. The comparison between the transcriptomes of the three Gymnosporangium spp. and selected Pucciniales species in different taxonomical families allowed to identify lineage-specific protein families that may relate to the biology of teliospores in rust fungi. Among clustered gene families, 205, 200 and 152 proteins were specifically identified in G. japonicum , G. yamadae and G. asiaticum , respectively, including candidate effectors expressed in teliospores.
Conclusions: This comprehensive comparative transcriptomics study of three Gymnosporangium spp. identified gene functions and metabolic pathways particularly expressed in teliospores, a stage of the life cycle that is mostly overlooked in rust fungi. Secreted protein encoding transcripts expressed in teliospores may reveal new candidate effectors related to pathogenesis. Although this spore stage is not involved in host plant infection but in the production of basidiospores infecting plants in the Amygdaloideae, we speculate that candidate effectors may be expressed as early as the teliospore stage for preparing further infection by basidiospores.
ACUPOINT TRANSCUTANEOUS ELECTRICAL NERVE STIMULATION IN HOSPITALIZED COPD PATIENTS WITH SEVERE DYSPNOEA: STUDY PROTOCOL FOR A RANDOMIZED CONTROLED TRIAL
Authors: Fernández Carles , Vilaró Jordi 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) is a major cause of hospital admissions and dyspnoea is its main symptom. Some studies have concluded that a new modality of acupuncture called Acupuncture transcutaneous nerve stimulation (acuTENS) could reduce dyspnoea in COPD patients by increasing beta-endorphin levels, however those trials have mainly been conducted on patients with stable condition. This study aims to determinate if the administration of acuTENS can reduce dyspnoea in patients hospitalized for AECOPD. Methods A multicentric randomized control trial with patient- and assessor-blinded will be conducted. A sample of 60 patients will be randomised to receive 45 minutes of either real acuTENS or sham acuTENS treatment once a day during 5 consecutive days. The trial will be conducted at the “Hospital del Mar” of Barcelona (Spain) and the “Hospital Sant Joan de Déu de Manresa” in Manresa (Spain). The Borg scale at baseline, and day 1 to 5 will be the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes will be the duration of the hospitalization, quantity of drugs administrated, expiratory peck flow adverse effects and mortality and readmissions at 3 months. Discussion AcuTENS is non-pharmacological, non-invasive and cheap intervention. This trial will help to understand acuTENS potential role in the treatment of AECOPD.
REPEATED HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE AT 6 AND 11 YEARS AT THE PELOTAS 2004 BIRTH COHORT STUDY
Authors: Guttier Marilia Cruz , Barcelos Raquel Siqueira , Ferreira Rodrigo Wiltgen , Bortolotto Caroline Cardozo , Dartora William , Schmidt Mari Inês , Matijasevich Alicia , Tovo-Rodrigues Luciana , Santos Iná S. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: We evaluated the prevalence and the factors associated with repeated high systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at 6- and 11-year follow-ups of children from the Pelotas (Brazil) 2004 Birth Cohort.
Methods: All live births to mothers living in the urban area of Pelotas were enrolled in the cohort. Blood pressure (BP) values were transformed into Z-scores by sex, age, and height. High SBP and DBP were defined as repeated systolic and diastolic BP Z-scores on the ≥95 th percentile at the two follow-ups. Prevalence (95% confidence interval) of repeated high SBP, DBP, and both (SDBP) were calculated. Associations with maternal and child characteristics were explored in crude and adjusted logistic regression analyses. Results: A total of 3,182 cohort participants were analyzed. Prevalence of repeated high SBP, DBP and SDBP was 1.7% (1.2-2.1%), 2.3% (1.8-2.9%) and 1.2% (0.9-1.6%), respectively. Repeated high SBP was associated with males, gestational diabetes mellitus (2.92; 1.13-7.58) and obesity at 11 years (2.44; 1.29-4.59); while repeated high DBP was associated with females, family history of hypertension from both sides (3.95; 1.59-9.85) and gestational age <34 weeks (4.08; 1.52-10.96). Repeated high SDBP was not associated with any of the characteristics investigated . Conclusion: Prevalence of repeated high SBP, DBP, and SDBP were within the expected distribution at the population level. Nonetheless, gestational diabetes mellitus, obesity, family history of hypertension, and prematurity increased the risk of repeated high blood pressure measured at two occasions five years apart.