bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Residential relocation and obesity after a natural disaster: A natural experiment from the 2011 Japan Earthquake and Tsunami
Authors: Hikichi H. , Aida J. , Kondo K. , Tsuboya T. , Kawachi I. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractNatural disasters are often associated with forced residential relocation, thereby affected people experience a change of food environment that results in the increased body mass index. However, there are a few studies that examined whether a change in food environment caused risk of obesity after a natural disaster. To address this question, we leveraged a natural experiment of residential relocation in the aftermath of the 2011 Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. Our baseline data came from a nationwide cohort study of older community-dwelling adults conducted 7 months prior to the disaster. By chance, one of the field sites (Iwanuma City, Miyagi Prefecture) was directly in the line of the tsunami. Approximately 2.5 years after the disaster, we ascertained the residential addresses and health status of 3,594 survivors aged 65 years or older (82.1% follow-up rate). Fixed effects multinomial logistic regression showed that shortened distances to food outlets/bars increased the risks of transitioning from BMI in the normal range (18.5–22.9) to obesity (≥25.0) (Odds ratios: 1.46 for supermarkets; 1.43 for bars; 1.44 times for fast food outlets). Radically changed food access after a natural disaster may raise the risk of obesity among older survivors.
Proliferation-related changes in K+ content in human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Marakhova Irina , Domnina Alisa , Shatrova Alla , Borodkina Aleksandra , Burova Elena , Pugovkina Natalja , Zemelko Victoria , Nikolsky Nikolay 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntracellular monovalent ions have been shown to be important for cell proliferation, however, mechanisms through which ions regulate cell proliferation is not well understood. Ion transporters may be implicated in the intracellular signaling: Na+ and Cl− participate in regulation of intracellular pH, transmembrane potential, Ca2+ homeostasis. Recently, it is has been suggested that K+ may be involved in “the pluripotency signaling network”. Our study has been focused on the relations between K+ transport and stem cell proliferation. We compared monovalent cation transport in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) at different passages and at low and high densities of culture as well as during stress-induced cell cycle arrest and revealed a decline in K+ content per cell protein which was associated with accumulation of G1 cells in population and accompanied cell proliferation slowing. It is suggested that cell K+ may be important for successful cell proliferation as the main intracellular ion that participates in regulation of cell volume during cell cycle progression. It is proposed that cell K+ content as related to cell protein is a physiological marker of stem cell proliferation and may be used as an informative test for assessing the functional status of stem cells in vitro.
Mapping key amino acid residues for the epimerase efficiency and stereospecificity of the sex pheromone biosynthetic short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases of Nasonia
Authors: Semmelmann Florian , Hofferberth John , Ruther Joachim , Sterner Reinhard 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMales of the parasitic wasp genus Nasonia use blends of chiral hydroxylactones as sex pheromones to attract conspecific females. Whereas all Nasonia species use a mixture of (4R,5S)-5-hydroxy-4-decanolide (RS) and 4-methylquinazoline (MQ) as sex pheromones, Nasonia vitripennis evolved (4R,5R)-5-hydroxy-4-decanolide (RR) as an extra sex pheromone component. We recently identified and functionally characterized three short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDRs) NV10127, NV10128, and NV10129 that are capable of catalyzing the epimerization of RS to RR via (4R)-5-oxo-4-decanolide (ODL) as intermediate. Despite their very high sequence identities of 88–98%, these proteins differ drastically in their ability to epimerize RS to RR and in their stereoselectivity when reducing ODL to RR/RS. Here, in order to unravel the sequence differences underlying these varying functional properties of NV1027, NV10128 and NV10129, we created chimeras of the three enzymes and monitored their catalytic activities in vitro. The results show that a few amino acid changes at the C-termini and active sites of Nasonia vitripennis SDRs lead to substantially altered RS to RR epimerization and ODL-reduction activities. Thus, our study adds to the understanding of pheromone evolution by showing that subtle mutations in key biosynthetic enzymes can result in drastic effects on the composition of chemical signals.
Administration of N-Acyl-Phosphatidylethanolamine Expressing Bacteria to Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor−/− Mice Improves Indices of Cardiometabolic Disease
Authors: May-Zhang Linda S. , Chen Zhongyi , Dosoky Noura S. , Yancey Patricia G. , Boyd Kelli L. , Hasty Alyssa H. , Linton MacRae F. , Davies Sean S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObesity increases the risk for cardiometabolic diseases. N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamines (NAPEs) are precursors of N-acylethanolamides, which are endogenous lipid satiety factors. Incorporating engineered bacteria expressing NAPEs into the gut microbiota retards development of diet induced obesity in wild-type mice. Because NAPEs can also exert anti-inflammatory effects, we hypothesized that administering NAPE-expressing bacteria to low-density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr)−/− mice fed a Western diet would improve various indices of cardiometabolic disease manifested by these mice. NAPE-expressing E. coli Nissle 1917 (pNAPE-EcN), control Nissle 1917 (pEcN), or vehicle (veh) were given via drinking water to Ldlr−/− mice for 12 weeks. Compared to pEcN or veh treatment, pNAPE-EcN significantly reduced body weight and adiposity, hepatic triglycerides, fatty acid synthesis genes, and increased expression of fatty acid oxidation genes. pNAPE-EcN also significantly reduced markers for hepatic inflammation and early signs of fibrotic development. Serum cholesterol was reduced with pNAPE-EcN, but atherosclerotic lesion size showed only a non-significant trend for reduction. However, pNAPE-EcN treatment reduced lesion necrosis by 69% indicating an effect on preventing macrophage inflammatory death. Our results suggest that incorporation of NAPE expressing bacteria into the gut microbiota can potentially serve as an adjuvant therapy to retard development of cardiometabolic disease.
Nupr1 regulates palmitate-induced apoptosis in human articular chondrocytes
Authors: Tan Li , Yammani Raghunatha R. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Obesity, a major risk factor for the development of osteoarthritis (OA), is associated with increased circulating levels of free fatty acids (FFA). However, the role of these FFAs in OA pathophysiology is not clearly understood. In the present study, we found that palmitate treatment of human primary articular chondrocytes increased the expression of ER stress markers [activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP)] and apoptosis markers [cytochrome c and cleaved caspase-3 (CC3)]. Palmitate treatment also increased the expression of Nuclear protein 1 (Nupr1) and tribbles related protein 3 (TRB3), which are known negative regulators of cell survival pathways. Knockdown of Nupr1 or CHOP expression inhibited palmitate mediated increased expression of TRB3 and CC3, indicating that Nupr1 and CHOP cooperate to regulate cell survival and apoptotic pathways in human chondrocytes. Nupr1 knockdown had no effect on CHOP expression whereas CHOP knockdown abolished the palmitate-mediated Nupr1 expression, indicating that CHOP is functional upstream to Nupr1 in this pathway. Moreover, overexpression of Nupr1 markedly increased the basal expression of pro-apoptotic molecules, including cytochrome c and CC3. Taken together, our study demonstrates that Nupr1 plays a crucial role in palmitate-induced apoptosis in human chondrocytes and Nupr1 as a potential novel drug target for the treatment of OA.
Nanometre-scale infrared chemical imaging of organic matter in ultra-carbonaceous Antarctic micrometeorites (UCAMMs)
Authors: Mathurin Jérémie , Dartois Emmanuel , Pino Thomas , Engrand Cécile , Duprat Jean , Deniset-Besseau Ariane , Borondics Ferenc , Sandt Christophe , Dazzi Alexandre 
Published: January 2019

Aims. The composition of comets and asteroids sheds light on the formation and early evolution of the solar system. The study of micrometeorites containing large concentrations of carbonaceous material (i.e. ultra-carbonaceous antarctic micrometeorites, UCAMMs) allows for unique information on the association of minerals and organics at surface of icy objects (comets) to be obtained.
Methods. In this work we map the organic matter of UCAMMs collected in the Antarctic snow, at sub-wavelength spatial scales using the Atomic Force Microscope InfraRed (AFMIR) technique. The sample preparation did not involve any chemical pretreatment to extract organic matter. The AFMIR measurements were performed on a limited spectral coverage (1900–1350 cm−1) allowing chemical functional groups to be imaged at spatial scales relevant to the study of micrometeorites.
Results. The AFMIR images reveal the variability of the functional groups at very small scales and the intimate association of carbon- and oxygen-bearing chemical bonds. We demonstrate the possibility to potentially separate the olefinic and aromatic C=C bonding in the subcomponents of the UCAMM fragment. These variations probably originate in the early mixing of the different reservoirs of organic matter constituting these dust particles. The measurements demonstrate the potential for analysing such complex organic-matter – mineral association at scales below the diffraction limit. The development of such studies and extension to the full infrared range spectral coverage will drive a new view on the vibrational infrared analysis of interplanetary material.
Solar wind charge exchange in cometary atmospheres
Authors: Simon Wedlund Cyril , Behar Etienne , Kallio Esa , Nilsson Hans , Alho Markku , Gunell Herbert , Bodewits Dennis , Beth Arnaud , Gronoff Guillaume , Hoekstra Ronnie 
Published: January 2019

Context. Solar wind charge-changing reactions are of paramount importance to the physico-chemistry of the atmosphere of a comet because they mass-load the solar wind through an effective conversion of fast, light solar wind ions into slow, heavy cometary ions. The ESA/Rosetta mission to comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P) provided a unique opportunity to study charge-changing processes in situ.
Aims. To understand the role of charge-changing reactions in the evolution of the solar wind plasma and to interpret the complex in situ measurements made by Rosetta, numerical or analytical models are necessary.
Methods. An extended analytical formalism describing solar wind charge-changing processes at comets along solar wind streamlines is presented. It is based on a thorough book-keeping of available charge-changing cross sections of hydrogen and helium particles in a water gas.
Results. After presenting a general 1D solution of charge exchange at comets, we study the theoretical dependence of charge-state distributions of (He2+, He+, He0) and (H+, H0, H−) on solar wind parameters at comet 67P. We show that double charge exchange for the He2+−H2O system plays an important role below a solar wind bulk speed of 200 km s−1, resulting in the production of He energetic neutral atoms, whereas stripping reactions can in general be neglected. Retrievals of outgassing rates and solar wind upstream fluxes from local Rosetta measurements deep in the coma are discussed. Solar wind ion temperature effects at 400 km s−1 solar wind speed are well contained during the Rosetta mission.
Conclusions. As the comet approaches perihelion, the model predicts a sharp decrease of solar wind ion fluxes by almost one order of magnitude at the location of Rosetta, forming in effect a solar wind ion cavity. This study is the second part of a series of three on solar wind charge-exchange and ionization processes at comets, with a specific application to comet 67P and the Rosetta mission.
Verzeichnis aller Materia medica-Beiträge in 62 Jahren ZKH
Authors: Lucae Christian 
Published: January 2019

ZusammenfassungIn den 62 Jahrgängen der Zeitschrift für Klassische Homöopathie (ZKH) sind zahlreiche wegweisende Beiträge zur Materia medica erschienen. Die Suche nach Artikeln zu einer bestimmten homöopathischen Arznei war jedoch umständlich und zeitaufwändig, da ein entsprechendes Verzeichnis fehlte. Für die vorliegende Arbeit wurden alle Jahrgänge Heft für Heft durchgesehen, um sämtliche Materia medica-Beiträge in einem einheitlichen Schema zu erfassen. Anhand der in alphabetischer Reihenfolge aufgelisteten Arzneien können die zugehörigen Aufsätze nun problemlos in einem Register aufgefunden werden.
Homöopathisch behandelte Akuterkrankungen mit einem auffallend raschen Heilungsverlauf
Authors: Thomas Christoph , Czimmek Angelika 
Published: January 2019

ZusammenfassungEs werden Heilungen auf homöopathische Mittelgaben hin beschrieben, die eindrucksvoll rasch verlaufen sind:– 3 Sekundenheilungen bei Kindern mit Otitis media bzw. Fieberkrampf bzw. akutem Abdomen,– akuter Zahnschmerz und superinfizierte Wunde bei einem 5-jährigen Mädchen,– Geburtsstillstand bei einer Erstgebärenden,– Geburtsstillstand bei einer Stute,– Schädelprellungen bei 3 Singvögeln,– Verletzung einer Arteria carotis mit spritzendem Blutaustritt,– Keuchhusten bei einem Kleinkind.Anhand dieser Fallbeispiele wird gleichzeitig in folgende Themen eingeführt, wie sie Dr. Jost Künzli gelehrt hat:1. die Erhebung und Auswertung der homöopathischen Akutanamnese,2. die Technik der homöopathischen Befragung,3. das Schema der Hierarchisierung der Symptome und4. die Bedeutung der auffallenden, sonderlichen, eigenheitlichen (charakteristischen) Zeichen und Symptome nach Paragraph 153 „Organon“.
Postoperative Outcome of a New Shoulder Orthesis after Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: a Prospective, Randomized Observational Study
Authors: Ziegler Patrick , Stuby Fabian , Küper Markus Alexander , Greschner Thomas , Stöckle Ulrich , Gühring Markus 
Published: January 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Rotatorenmanschettenläsion gehört zu den am häufigsten therapierten Krankheitsbildern der arthroskopischen Schulterchirurgie. Neben verschiedenen operativen Techniken gibt es Unterschiede in der postoperativen Nachbehandlung. In dieser Anwendungsbeobachtung wurde die Funktionalität zweier Schulterorthesen (ADVAGOshoulder vs. Standardabduktionsverband) verglichen und das postoperative Behandlungsergebnis ermittelt.
Patienten und Methodik 53 Patienten mit Rotatorenmanschettenläsion (n = 25 ADVAGOshoulder, n = 28 Standardabduktionsverband) wurden vor und nach operativer Versorgung anhand des DASH-Scores, modifizierten Constant-Scores sowie des Handlings und des Komforts der Orthese untersucht und befragt.
Ergebnisse Die Orthese ADVAGOshoulder zeigte bessere Ergebnisse hinsichtlich Einschränkungen im Alltag, Schlafqualität und Bewegungseinschränkungen. Auch bewerteten die Patienten im Gegensatz zum Abduktionsverband dieses Hilfsmittel besser im Hinblick auf seinen Beitrag zum Heilungserfolg. Der Standardabduktionsverband wurde doppelt so häufig mit gut oder sehr gut bewertet im Hinblick auf den Heilungserfolg der Therapie. Bei der Auswertung der DASH-Fragebögen ergaben sich keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen beiden Gruppen.
Schlussfolgerung Beide Schulterorthesen erwiesen sich als geeignete postoperative Hilfsmittel zur Ruhigstellung der operierten Schulter und trugen nach Einschätzung der Patienten zum Heilungserfolg bei. Die Orthese ADVAGOshoulder zeigte in unserer Studie Vorteile im Hinblick auf Bewegungseinschränkungen, Stabilitätsempfinden und Schlafqualität.
Improving the Prescription of Oral Anticoagulants in Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pritchett Ruth , Bem Danai , Turner Grace , Thomas G. , Clarke Joanne , Fellows Rebecca , Lane Deirdre , Jolly Kate 
Published: January 2019

Objective Oral anticoagulant (OAC) prescription for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients frequently does not follow current guidelines, with underuse in patients at high risk of stroke and substantial overuse in those at low risk. This review aims to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to improve appropriate OAC prescription in eligible AF patients for stroke prevention.
Methods Systematic review of controlled and uncontrolled studies published up to July 2017 with interventions designed to improve appropriate OAC prescription for stroke prevention in eligible AF patients (according to risk assessment tool or guidelines). Categorization of intervention types was pre-specified. The main outcome was change in proportion of eligible AF patients prescribed OACs for stroke prevention.
Results Twenty studies conducted in 392 settings were included (cluster randomized controlled trials, controlled trials and uncontrolled before-after designs; n = 29,868 patients at baseline). Fifteen studies reported significant improvements in appropriate prescription of OACs in AF patients. All interventions with a persuasive element (8/8); all studies targeting health care professional (HCP) education or guideline/protocol implementation (7/7); and all medical care programs (4/4) achieved significant increases in appropriate OAC prescription. Computerized decision support interventions (3/5) and reviews of prescribing (2/4) were less likely to report significant improvements in appropriate OAC prescription.
Conclusion Interventions designed to improve appropriate prescription of OACs in eligible AF patients for stroke prevention can be effective. Successful approaches include education of HCPs; implementation of local guidelines; interdisciplinary medical care programs educating both HCPs and patients and persuasive interventions utilizing peer-group experts. Protocol registration: PROSPERO (CRD42016039654).
Validation of the Siggaard–Andersen Acid–Base Nomogram for Hemoglobin F: Implications for Fetal Cord Blood Gas Analysis
Authors: Whitham Megan , Pagaduan Jayson , Clark Steven L. , Singh Ila , Belfort Michael , Devaraj Sridevi , Cao Jing , Shetty Anil , Pai Shweta , Fox Karin 
Published: January 2019

Objective The calculation of HCO3 and base excess in current blood gas analysis is based on the Siggaard–Andersen equation. One of the constants in this equation is dependent on the known buffering capacity of hemoglobin A. We sought to investigate differences in buffering capacity between adult hemoglobin A and fetal hemoglobin F as a potential explanation for the observed poor correlation between calculated base excess in umbilical cord blood and newborn outcomes. Such differences would influence a key constant in the Van Slyke/Siggaard–Andersen equation used to calculate HCO3 and base excess and could be an explanation of these observations.
Study Design This was a prospective observational study. We analyzed umbilical cord blood bicarbonate levels both as calculated values from a traditional blood gas analyzer and as measured values in 20 women giving birth at term. Since the calculated value is dependent upon the concentration and known buffering capacity of hemoglobin A, significant differences in these two analyses would imply differences in the buffering capacity of hemoglobins A and F.
Results The mean calculated HCO3 value was 25 mEq/L (25.3 ± 1.9) compared with a mean measured value of 25 mEq/L (24.6 ± 1.7) over a range of pH levels of 7.16 to 7.42. This difference was not significant (p = 0.07).
Conclusion The buffering capacity of hemoglobin F, for clinical purposes, is not different than that of hemoglobin A and is not an explanation for the recognized poor correlation between base excess and neonatal outcome.
Insult
Authors: Wiesmann Martin , Nikoubashman Omid 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA stroke is usually caused by ischaemia, less frequently by an intracerebral hemorrhage. The distinction between hemorrhagic and ischaemic strokes, as well as the identification of patients requiring immediate recanalization therapy, cannot be made by clinical examination but requires CT imaging. In most patients with an ischemic stroke, large parts of the affected brain area are functionless throughout the first hours, but not yet irreversibly damaged (penumbra tissue). These areas can be saved through early vessel recanalization. In the acute phase of ischaemic stroke, a delay of 15 minutes results in a significant worsening of the neurologic prognosis.With modern endovascular techniques, even patients with the most severe ischemic strokes have a fair chance of neurological recovery, if they are admitted to a specialised centre within the first few hours.
Effect of age and hearing loss on sentence perception in noise using temporal envelope and temporal fine structure cues
Authors: Jain Saransh , Nataraja Nuggehalli Puttareviyah 
Published: January 2019

Purpose:
The perception of speech is affected by many physical, physiological and pathological factors related to the stimuli and the listener. Researchers have addressed the effect of each of these factors independently on the perception of speech. In everyday situations, these factors do not occur in isolation but they may occur simultaneously and affect the overall perception of speech. The information on the extent to which each of these factors affect the speech perception is seldom being investigated.

Methods:
The present study explored the role of temporal envelope and temporal fine structures in the perception of sentences in noise by normal hearing young & older adults; and young & older adults with hearing loss. The envelope and fine structures of the sentences were extracted based on Hilbert transformation using Matlab software. The effect of noise was estimated by processing the sentences in quiet and at 0 dB and -5 dB SNR. The sentences were also filtered using 4, 8, 16 and 32 frequency channels to assess the role of frequency filtering on speech perception.

Results:
The envelope was more important for speech perception in both quiet and noise. The perception of speech was inversely proportional to age, hearing loss and noise levels, whereas it was directly proportional to the number of frequency channels.

Conclusion:
These findings indicate that the temporal envelope is important for speech perception in noise. The research findings may help in designing new signal processing strategies for hearing aids and cochlear implants based on the envelope cues.