bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteomic Analysis of Endothelial Cells Exposed to Ultrasmall Nanoparticles Reveals Disruption in Paracellular and Transcellular Transport
Authors: Kuruvilla Jacob , Bayat Narges , Cristobal Susana 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe large interactive surfaces of nanoparticles (NPs) increase the opportunities to develop NPs for vascular targeting. Proteomic analysis of endothelial cells exposed to NPs reveals the cellular response and turns the focus into the impairment of the endothelial permeability. Here, quantitative proteomics and transcriptome sequencing are combined to evaluate the effects of exposure to sub‐lethal concentrations of TiO2‐USNPs and TiO2‐NPs on human dermal microvascular endothelial cells. Endothelial cells react to preserve the semi‐permeable properties that are essential for vascular tissue fluid homeostasis, vascular development, and angiogenesis. The main impact of the exposure was alteration of functional complexes involved in cell adhesion, vesicular transport, and cytoskeletal structure. Those are the core cellular structures that are linked to the permeability and the integrity of the endothelial tissue. Moreover, the extracellular proteins uptake along wih the NPs into the endothelial cells escape the lysosomal degradation pathway. These findings improve the understanding of the interaction of NPs with endothelial cell. The effects of the studied NPs modulating cell–cell adhesion and vesicular transport can help to evaluate the distribution of NPs via intravenous administration.
Synthesis of ultra‐high molecular weight polymers by controlled production of initiating radicals
Authors: Reyhani Amin , Allison‐Logan Stephanie , Ranji‐Burachaloo Hadi , McKenzie Thomas G. , Bryant Gary , Qiao Greg G. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTThis study demonstrates that the gradual and slow production of initiating radicals (i.e., hydroxyl radicals here) is the key point for the synthesis of ultra‐high molecular weight (UHMW) polymers via controlled radical polymerization. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ferrous iron (Fe2+) react via Fenton redox chemistry to initiate RAFT polymerization. This work presents two enzymatic‐mediated (i.e., Bio‐Fenton‐RAFT and Semi Bio‐Fenton‐RAFT) and one syringe pump‐driven Fenton‐RAFT polymerization processes in which the initiating radicals are carefully and gradually dosed into the reaction solution. The “livingness” of the synthesized UHMW polymers is demonstrated by chain extension and aminolysis experiments. Zimm plots obtained from static light scattering (SLS) technique are used to characterize the UHMW polymers. This Fenton‐RAFT polymerization provides access to polymers of unprecedented UHMW (Mw ~ 20 × 106 g mol−1) with potential in diverse applications. The UHMW polymers made via the controlled Fenton‐RAFT polymerization by using a syringe pump shows that it is possible to produce such materials through an easy‐to‐set up and scalable process. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1922–1930
Induced novel psbA mutation (Ala251 to Thr) in higher plants confers resistance to PSII inhibitor metribuzin in Lens culinaris
Authors: McMurray Larn S , Preston Christopher , Vandenberg Albert , Mao Dili , Bett Kirstin E , Paull Jeffrey G 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDWeed competition is a major limitation to worldwide lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) production in part due to limited effective safe herbicide options. Metribuzin is a photosystem II inhibiting herbicide that provides broad spectrum weed control, however it causes excessive injury in lentil. Dose response analysis of photosystem II inhibiting herbicides and DNA sequencing of the psbA chloroplast gene occurred to quantify the spectrum and mechanism of herbicide resistance in two ethyl‐methanesulfonate (EMS) induced mutant lentils.RESULTSCompared to susceptible parent PBA Flash, the level of metribuzin resistance was 33‐fold for mutant M043 and 10‐fold for M009. No improvement in resistance occurred in either mutant to bromoxynil, diuron, bromacil and atrazine herbicides. Nucleotide sequencing of the psbA gene of both mutants identified a substitution at position 751 compared to PBA Flash. The resulting deduced amino acid sequence indicated an Ala251Thr substitution as being most likely responsible for the high level of metribuzin resistance.CONCLUSIONSThe Ala251Thr substitution discovered in this study is unique in mutagenized higher plants and the first report of an induced psbA target site mutation in higher plants. This target site metribuzin resistance is likely to have a significant impact on lentil production in Australia and worldwide. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Phenotypic performance of nine genotypes of Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 dual‐gene resistant fall armyworm on non‐Bt and MON 89034 maize
Authors: Niu Ying , Guo Jianguo , Head Graham P , Price Paula A , Huang Fangneng 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), is the first target pest that has developed resistance to Bt crops across several countries. Leaf tissue and whole plant assays were employed to determine the survival, development, progeny production, and net reproductive rate of all nine possible genotypes of Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2‐dual gene resistant S. frugiperda on non‐Bt and MON 89034 maize expressing the Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 proteins.RESULTSThe homozygous resistant genotype was highly resistant to Bt plants. Genotypes possessing only Cry2Ab2 resistance alleles (RAs) or two Cry1A.105 RAs only were susceptible to MON 89034 with a functional dominance level (DML) of 0.0–0.07 on MON 89034 plants. In contrast, genotypes containing two Cry1A.105 plus one Cry2Ab2 RA performed well on Bt plants, with a DML of 0.11–0.78. Significant numbers of survivors on Bt plants were also observed for genotypes containing a single Cry1A.105 RA, or a Cry1A.105 plus one or two Cry2Ab2 RAs, with a DML of 0.0–0.47.CONCLUSIONSThe fitness of individual resistant genes on pyramided Bt plants varied in the dual‐gene resistance system. Genotypes containing more Cry1A.105 RAs performed better than those possessing more Cry2Ab2 RAs. The functional dominance level of an individual resistant gene in this system is related to the DML level in its corresponding single‐gene system. Data generated from this study should fill gaps in understanding dual‐/multiple‐gene Bt resistance, as well as providing useful information for refining resistance modeling, improving resistance risk assessment, and developing management strategies for the sustainable use of pyramided Bt maize technology. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Deciphering of Ligand‐to‐Metal Charge‐Transfer Process: Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Theoretical Study
Authors: Ghosh Swadesh , Singharoy Dipti , Naskar Jnan Prakash , Bhattacharya Subhash Chandra 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMany reports on metal ion sensing applications are available in literature but the mechanism of selectivity is not clear. Here the synthesis and characterization of a Schiff base Furan‐2‐carboxylic acid pyren‐1‐ylmethylene‐hydrazide (PYFH) has been described with selective detection of copper(II) metal ion among different metal ions by UV–vis, fluorescence and HRMS spectroscopic methods. The S2− ion (Na2S) was added to the PYFH:Cu2+ complex for checking reversibility of PYFH by fluorescence, fluorescence microscopic imaging and molecular logic gate construction (combination of NOT and OR gate). From the experimental findings the reason for selectivity of Cu2+ metal ion among a series of metal ions is not clear. So, to explore the causes of selectivity of Cu2+ metal ion by PYFH, Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculation was conducted for free PYFH and various sets of metal ions individually with PYFH. From DFT calculation it was understandable that selectivity of PYFH towards Cu2+ ions occurred due to lowering of HOMO‐LUMO energy of PYFH:Cu2+ composites (‐8.46 & −5.80 eV) compared to free PYFH (‐5.56 & −2.15 eV). Whereas energy of HOMO and LUMO with other metals ions (PYFH:Mn+) are ∼‐5.50 and ∼‐2.24 eV respectively, as a result PYFH does not get any extra stability.
High Photosensitized Singlet Oxygen Generating Zinc and Chloroindium Phthalocyanines Bearing (4‐isopropylbenzyl)oxy Groups as Potential Agents for Photophysicochemical Applications
Authors: Güzel Emre , Arslan Barış S. , Atmaca Göknur Yaşa , Nebioğlu Mehmet , Erdoğmuş Ali 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this study, novel phthalonitrile derivatives (1 and 2) and their peripherally and non‐peripherally tetra (4‐isopropylbenzyl)oxy‐substituted zinc and chloroindium phthalocyanine complexes (3‐6) have been prepared for the first time. The synthesized phthalonitrile derivatives and phthalocyanine complexes were characterized spectroscopically. Not only the chloroindium phthalocyanines but also zinc phthalocyanines are essentially free from aggregation in THF at the studied micromolar concentration. The purpose is to compare the effects of two types of substitution on the phthalocyanines to be used as sensitizers in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Photophysical and photochemical properties of all phthalocyanines are investigated and the results showed that the peripheral phthalocyanines more effectively photooxidize DPBF through singlet oxygen. The photochemical results showed that both ZnPc (3 and 5) and InPc (4 and 6) can be used as sensitizers in PDT because of their very high singlet oxygen quantum yields (range from 0.80 to 0.97).
Antibacterial Activity of Fe3O4/Cu Nanocomposite: Green Synthesis Using Carum carvi L. Seeds Aqueous Extract
Authors: Heydari Rouhollah , Koudehi Masoumeh Foroutan , Pourmortazavi Seied Mahdi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHere, we describe the using of biosynthesis method for the synthesis of Fe3O4, Cu nanoparticles and Fe3O4/Cu nanocomposite using Carum carvi extract and assessment of their antibacterial activity. Our approach is eco‐friendly, non‐toxic and clean. These nanoparticles/nanocomposites were characterized by UV‐Vis, FTIR, XRD, EDX and SEM, techniques. The findings indicated that the of Fe3O4 and Cu NPs, and Fe3O4/Cu nanocomposite have an average particle size of 25 nm, 37 nm, and 62 nm, respectively. On the other side, the Fe3O4 NPs do not have the antibacterial activity, but when they combine with Cu NPs with antibacterial activity, the Fe3O4/Cu nanocomposite shows the antimicrobial activity.
Syntheses, Structures and Topology Variations of Metal Organic Frameworks Built From a Semi‐Rigid Tetracarboxylate Ligand
Authors: Pal Tapan K. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA flexible ether bridged tetracarboxylic ligand, 5‐((3,5‐dicarboxybenzyl)oxy)isophthalic acid (H4L) has been used to construct five metal organic frameworks under solvothermal condition. Complex 4 and 5 have been synthesized in presence of pyridine based coligands, 6′‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)‐4,2′:4′,4′′‐terpyridine (L1). The products formed under these conditions are formulated as {[(Ni)1.5(L)(C5H5N)(H2O)](3H2O)}n (1), {[(Co)1.5(L)](C5H6N)(1.5H2O)}n (2), {[(Ni)(L)0.5(H2O)2.5](3H2O)}n (3), {[(Co)2(L)(L1)(DMF)(H2O)] (DMF)(4H2O)}n (4), {[(Cd)2(L)(L1)(DMF)(H2O)](DMF)(6H2O)}n (5). All of these complexes have been characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, elemental analysis, and powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) measurements. Compound 1 is one 2D layer structure, and compounds 2–5 are 3D coordination polymers (CPs)“. Interestingly, compound 4 and 5 are isostructural having 2D structure which lead to 3D by weak π⋅⋅⋅ π interaction between the two layers. Topological analysis of these complexes have been performed which reveals that 1 is (3,6)‐connected kgd net, 2 is (4,8)‐connected flu; sqc169 net, 3 is (4,4)‐connected dia diamond net while 4 and 5 have the same, (3,4)‐connected fsg net. Solid state photoluminescent studies were carried out of the complex 5 upon excitation at 290 nm and emission occurs at 453 nm which is attributed due to the ligand to metal charge transfer transition where as emission of the ligand L and L1 observed at 380 nm and 395 nm respectively.
Biophysical Phenotyping and Modulation of ALDH+ Inflammatory Breast Cancer Stem‐Like Cells
Authors: Chen Weiqiang , Allen Steven G. , Qian Weiyi , Peng Zifeng , Han Shuo , Li Xiang , Sun Yubing , Fournier Chelsea , Bao Liwei , Lam Raymond H. W. , Merajver Sofia D. , Fu Jianping 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCancer stem‐like cells (CSCs) have been shown to initiate tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis in many cancer types. Although identification of CSCs through specific marker expression helps define the CSC compartment, it does not directly provide information on how or why this cancer cell subpopulation is more metastatic or tumorigenic. In this study, the functional and biophysical characteristics of aggressive and lethal inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) CSCs at the single‐cell level are comprehensively profiled using multiple microengineered tools. Distinct functional (cell migration, growth, adhesion, invasion and self‐renewal) and biophysical (cell deformability, adhesion strength and contractility) properties of ALDH+ SUM149 IBC CSCs are found as compared to their ALDH− non‐CSC counterpart, providing biophysical insights into why CSCs has an enhanced propensity to metastasize. It is further shown that the cellular biophysical phenotype can predict and determine IBC cells' tumorigenic ability. SUM149 and SUM159 IBC cells selected and modulated through biophysical attributes—adhesion and stiffness—show characteristics of CSCs in vitro and enhance tumorigenicity in in vivo murine models of primary tumor growth. Overall, the multiparametric cellular biophysical phenotyping and modulation of IBC CSCs yields a new understanding of IBC's metastatic properties and how they might develop and be targeted for therapeutic interventions.
Electrostatically Directed Assembly of Nanostructured Composites for Enhanced Photocatalysis
Authors: Kohsakowski Sebastian , Pulisova Petra , Mitoraj Dariusz , Neubert Susann , Biskupek Johannes , Kaiser Ute , Reichenberger Sven , Marzun Galina , Beranek Radim 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIt is well established that the activity of photocatalysts can be improved by deposition of redox catalysts, which can effectively extract the photogenerated charge carriers, enhance the rate of interfacial reactions, and thus suppress undesired recombination processes. For optimum performance, a high degree of control over the loading, size, and surface catalytic properties of redox catalyst particles is desirable. Herein, a novel, highly controllable, and versatile method for preparation of TiO2 catalyst composites is reported. It starts with the generation of “naked” (ligand‐free) nanoparticles of CuOx or FeOx by pulsed laser ablation of metal oxide targets in water. In the next step, a nearly quantitative colloidal deposition of CuOx and FeOx nanoparticles onto anatase TiO2 substrate is achieved by adjusting the pH in order to establish electrostatic attraction between the colloids and the substrate. The resulting TiO2–CuOx and TiO2–FeOx assemblies with optimum catalyst amount (≈0.5 wt%) exhibit photocatalytic rates in degradation of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid enhanced by a factor of ≈1.5 as compared to pristine TiO2 under simulated solar irradiation. The electrostatically directed assembly of TiO2 with ligand‐free catalyst nanoparticles generated by pulsed laser ablation is thus demonstrated as a viable tool for preparation of composites with enhanced photocatalytic performance.
Decasticization, Dignity, and ‘Dirty Work’ at the Intersections of Caste, Memory, and Disaster
Authors: Mahalingam Ramaswami , Jagannathan Srinath , Selvaraj Patturaja 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT:In this qualitative study we examine the role of caste, class, and Dalit janitorial labor in the aftermath of floods in Chennai, India, in 2015. Drawing from a variety of sources including interviews, social media, and news coverage, we studied how Dalit (formerly known as ‘untouchable’) janitors were treated during the performance of janitorial labor for cleaning the city. Our study focuses on two theoretical premises: (a) caste-based social relations reproduce inequalities by devaluing Dalit labor as ‘dirty work’; and (b) Dalit subjectivities, labor, and sufferings including occupational hazards become invisible and ungrievable forcing Dalits to provide a counter narrative to preserve the memory of their trauma and dignity injuries. We find that the discursive construction of janitorial labor as dirty work forced Dalit janitors to work in appalling and unsafe working conditions. Janitors suffered several dignity injuries in terms of social exclusion and a lack of recognition for their efforts and accomplishments. Specifically, we examine various ways through which caste, dirty work, and dignity intersected in the narrative accounts of Dalit janitors. We also explore memory and how processes of remembering and forgetting affected the dignity claims of Dalit janitors.
Samuel Clarke on Agent Causation, Voluntarism, and Occasionalism
Authors: Sangiacomo Andrea 
Published: January 2019

ArgumentThis paper argues that Samuel Clarke's account of agent causation (i) provides a philosophical basis for moderate voluntarism, and (ii) both leads to and benefits from the acceptance of partial occasionalism as a model of causation for material beings. Clarke's account of agent causation entails that for an agent to be properly called an agent (i.e. causally efficacious), it is essential that the agent is free to choose whether to act or not. This freedom is compatible with the existence of conceptually necessary connections. Hence, Clarke can harmonize God's freedom of choosing with the existence of eternal and necessary relations among things. Moreover, in Clarke's account, only intelligent entities can be properly understood as efficacious causes. Beings deprived of intelligence are not agents or efficacious causes at all and their effects are thus the result of the immediate action of some intelligent being operating upon them.
Introduction of a New EMS Protocol Using the Communities of Practice Educational Model
Authors: Fratta Kyle A. , Fishe Jennifer N. , Anders Jennifer F. , Smith Tessa G. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractEmergency Medical Services (EMS) protocol implementation can be a challenging endeavor given the large and diverse provider workforce. These efforts can be even more challenging given training restrictions, career and volunteer combination EMS agencies, and inconsistent work schedules. In an effort to educate as many providers as possible in a relatively short time, the community of practice educational model was used during a new evidence-based EMS protocol implementation. This model identifies providers who are enthusiastic during initial training as advocates. These advocates then continue to educate their peers going forward. This allows for the initial educational effort to continue to propagate during pilot testing and beyond. During this protocol implementation, a total of 17 educational visits were made to EMS stations and 43 providers were identified as advocates.FrattaKA, FisheJN, AndersJF, SmithTG. Introduction of a new EMS protocol using the communities of practice educational model. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2019;34(1):108–109.
Sensitivity of EMIC Wave‐Driven Scattering Loss of Ring Current Protons to Wave Normal Angle Distribution
Authors: Cao Xing , Ni Binbin , Summers Danny , Shprits Yuri Y. , Gu Xudong , Fu Song , Lou Yuequn , Zhang Yang , Ma Xin , Zhang Wenxun , Huang He , Yi Juan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractElectromagnetic ion cyclotron waves have long been recognized to play a crucial role in the dynamic loss of ring current protons. While the field‐aligned propagation approximation of electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves was widely used to quantify the scattering loss of ring current protons, in this study, we find that the wave normal distribution strongly affects the pitch angle scattering efficiency of protons. Increase of peak normal angle or angular width can considerably reduce the scattering rates of ≤10 keV protons. For >10 keV protons, the field‐aligned propagation approximation results in a pronounced underestimate of the scattering of intermediate equatorial pitch angle protons and overestimates the scattering of high equatorial pitch angle protons by orders of magnitude. Our results suggest that the wave normal distribution of electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves plays an important role in the pitch angle evolution and scattering loss of ring current protons and should be incorporated in future global modeling of ring current dynamics.
A Statistical Study of EMIC Waves Associated With and Without Energetic Particle Injection From the Magnetotail
Authors: Jun C.‐W. , Yue C. , Bortnik J. , Lyons L. R. , Nishimura Y. , Kletzing C. , Wygant J. , Spence H. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTo understand the relationship between generation of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves and energetic particle injections, we performed a statistical study of EMIC waves associated with and without injections based on the Van Allen Probes (Radiation Belt Storm Probes) and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES; GOES‐13 and GOES‐15) observations. Using 47 months of observations, we identified wave events seen by the Van Allen Probes relative to the plasmapause and to energetic particle injections seen by GOES‐13 and GOES‐15 on the nightside. We separated the events into four categories: EMIC waves with (without) injections inside (outside) the plasmasphere. We found that He+ EMIC waves have higher occurrence rate inside the plasmasphere, while H+ EMIC waves predominantly occur outside the plasmasphere. Meanwhile, the time duration and peak occurrence rate of EMIC waves associated with injections are shorter and limited to a narrower magnetic local time region than those without injections, indicating that these waves have localized source regions. He+ EMIC waves inside the plasmasphere associated with injection are usually accompanied by an increase in H+ flux within energies of 1–50 keV through all magnetic local time regions, while most wave events outside the plasmasphere show less relationship with H+ flux increase. From these observations, we suggest that injected hot ions are the major driver of He+ EMIC waves inside the plasmasphere during active time. Expanding plasmasphere during quiet times can provide broad wave source regions for He+ EMIC waves on the dayside. However, H+ EMIC waves outside the plasmasphere show different characteristics, suggesting that these waves are generated by other processes.
Modeling of Unilateral Rupture Along Very Long Reverse Faults
Authors: Hirano Shiro 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe evaluate the mechanism for horizontal unilateral rupture frequently observed along very long reverse faults in subduction zones or inland regions using mathematical models and numerical experiments. We consider a situation where the direction of maximum shear stress acting on the fault surface is not parallel to the fault plane. Furthermore, by incorporating the effects of the bimaterial interface and off‐fault inelastic deformation into the model, we demonstrate that acceleration of dynamic rupture in only one direction is possible. The mathematical modeling reveals that the asymmetric rupture is due to the asymmetric off‐fault damage interacting with asymmetric off‐fault stress intensity driven by the above effects. Finally, for three oblique subduction zones, we found that the rupture patterns of 8 of 11 megathrust events were consistent with the mechanism proposed in this study.