bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constructing a refined model of small bodies in the solar system
Authors: Li J. , Sun Y.-S. 
Published: April 2018

Aims. We construct a new arc model to represent the global perturbation induced by the Jupiter Trojans for the development of the modern planetary ephemerides.
Methods. The Jupiter Trojans are divided into two groups: (1) the 226 biggest ones with absolute magnitudes H < 11, have well determined masses and are treated as individual bodies; (2) the remaining small ones with H ≥ 11, are modeled by two discrete arcs centered at Jupiter’s L4 and L5 points, respectively. Then we derived the parameters characterizing the arcs, such as the total mass, the mass ratio, and the spatial distributions. Uncertainties on the fitted parameters have also been taken into account.
Results. We find that the total mass of all the Jupiter Trojans, including the undiscovered ones, is most likely about 1.861 × 10−5 Earth mass. Then the global perturbation of the trojan population induced on the Earth–Mars distance is numerically estimated to be about 70 m during the 2014–2114 time interval. We also give a simple analytic expression. For the satellites of Mars and Jupiter, however, the change of the distance between the Earth and a satellite can be much more significant, reaching on tens of thousands of meters over one century, due to perturbations of the Jupiter Trojans.
The Role of Lung Ultrasound in Viral Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
Authors: Yousef Nadya , De Luca Daniele 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDespite being a bedside technique under rapid development and diffusion, lung ultrasound has not been often used in the management of viral low respiratory tract infections, although these infections represent a significant burden of care in neonatology and pediatrics. The aim of this article is to review the lung ultrasound findings and the evidence-based data available on this topic. Guidance on bedside imaging interpretation and future research direction are also discussed in this article.
Is Less Invasive Surfactant Administration Necessary or “Only” Helpful or Just a Fashion?
Authors: Bresesti Ilia , Fabbri Laura , Lista Gianluca 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn the 1990s, the most relevant pillars in the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) have been improvements in ventilation strategies, the introduction of exogenous surfactant replacement therapy, and the use of antenatal steroids. Lately, in addition to the standard INSURE (INtubation–SURfactant administration–Extubation) method to administer surfactant, a new technique has been gaining increasing popularity. It is the so-called less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) method, which has shown promising results in preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia development and in reducing mortality in preterm neonates. The rationale behind this technique is to avoid positive pressure ventilation and the endotracheal tube, being surfactant delivered through a thin catheter while the neonate is maintained on continuous positive airway pressure. Given the paucity of large-scale randomized trials on LISA method to prove its effects on short- and long-term outcomes, some questions still remain unanswered. Then, uncertainty regarding the feasibility of this maneuver needs to be better clarified before gaining wide acceptance in routine clinical practice. In our report, we aim at hypothesizing the main mechanisms behind the efficacy of LISA, considering it as a single maneuver in a comprehensive approach for RDS management in the delivery room.
Predicting the Future: Delivery Room Planning of Congenital Heart Disease Diagnosed by Fetal Echocardiography
Authors: Donofrio Mary 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAdvances in prenatal imaging have improved the examination of the fetal cardiovascular system. Fetal echocardiography facilitates the prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease (CHD) and through sequential examination, allows assessment of fetal cardiac hemodynamics, predicting the evolution of anatomical and functional cardiovascular abnormalities in utero and during the transition to a postnatal circulation at delivery. This approach allows detailed diagnosis with prenatal counseling and enables planning to define perinatal management, selecting the fetuses at a risk of postnatal hemodynamic instability who are likely to require a specialized delivery plan. The prenatal diagnosis and management of critical neonatal CHD has been shown to play an important role in improving the outcome of newborns with these conditions, allowing timely stabilization of the circulation prior to cardiac intervention or surgery, thus reducing the risk of perioperative morbidity and mortality. Diagnostic protocols aimed at risk-stratifying severity and potential postnatal compromise in fetuses with CHD have been developed to identify those who may require special intervention at birth or within the first days of life. In addition, new methodologies are being studied to improve the accuracy of prediction of disease severity. Perinatal management of neonates with a prenatal diagnosis of CHD requires a close collaboration between obstetric, neonatal, and cardiology services. In this article, the management of fetuses with CHD will be discussed, along with summarizing the in utero and fetal echocardiographic findings used for risk stratification of newborns with CHD and reviewing the basic principles used for planning for neonatal resuscitation and initial transitional care of these complex newborns.
The Mother–Child Relationship during the First Months of Life: Preliminary Considerations in Preterm as Compared with Term Mother–Infant Dyads
Authors: Spairani S. , Pisoni C. , Ariaudo G. , Moncecchi M. , Balottin U. , Tinelli C. , Gardella B. , Politi P. , Tzialla Chryssoula , Stronati Mauro , Orcesi S. , Manzoni Paolo 
Published: April 2018

Introduction From the prognostic perspective, the quality of the mother–child relationship during the first months of life has been variously associated with different factors such as the child's psychomotor/cognitive development and emotional–behavioral disorders.
Methods The main aim of this study was to describe, at term age and 3 months of corrected age, the features and the prevalent patterns of the mother–child relationship in a group of 20 mother–preterm infant dyads and to compare them with those of a group of 20 mother–term infant dyads.
Results A relatively high rate of inadequate dyadic synchrony was found in our sample of preterms at 40 weeks of gestational age (half of the sample analyzed). The quality of the dyadic relationship and the prevalent patterns of the mother–child relationship were found to differ between the two groups we studied; moreover, the subjects at risk of relational problems remained substantially the same during the first 3 months of life.
Discussion These data underline that in preterm children, the first weeks of life, coinciding with their hospitalization, represent a crucial time for establishing a valid dyadic relationship and for considering and planning any preventive interventions; after all, the earlier the risk of relational problems becomes a real possibility, the more likely it is to negatively impact on a child's overall development.
Determining Inappropriate Medication Alerts from “Inaccurate Warning” Overrides in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Rehr Christine , Wong Adrian , Seger Diane , Bates David 
Published: April 2018

Objective This article aims to understand provider behavior around the use of the override reason “Inaccurate warning,” specifically whether it is an effective way of identifying unhelpful medication alerts.
Materials and Methods We analyzed alert overrides that occurred in the intensive care units (ICUs) of a major academic medical center between June and November 2016, focused on the following high-significance alert types: dose, drug-allergy alerts, and drug–drug interactions (DDI). Override appropriateness was analyzed by two independent reviewers using predetermined criteria.
Results A total of 268 of 26,501 ICU overrides (1.0%) used the reason “Inaccurate warning,” with 93 of these overrides associated with our included alert types. Sixty-one of these overrides (66%) were identified to be appropriate. Twenty-one of 30 (70%) dose alert overrides were appropriate. Forty of 48 drug-allergy alert overrides (83%) were appropriate, for reasons ranging from prior tolerance (n = 30) to inaccurate ingredient matches (n = 5). None of the 15 DDI overrides were appropriate.
Conclusion The “Inaccurate warning” reason was selectively used by a small proportion of providers and overrides using this reason identified important opportunities to reduce excess alerts. Potential opportunities include improved evaluation of dosing mechanisms based on patient characteristics, inclusion of institutional dosing protocols to alert logic, and evaluation of a patient's prior tolerance to a medication that they have a documented allergy for. This resource is not yet routinely used for alert tailoring at our institution but may prove to be a valuable resource to evaluate available alerts.
Catheter-Related Arterial Thrombosis in Neonates and Children: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rizzi Mattia , Goldenberg Neil , Bonduel Mariana , Revel-Vilk Shoshana , Amankwah Ernest , Albisetti Manuela 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCatheter-related arterial thrombosis (CAT) is increasingly recognized in children. Available data are scarce and based on expert opinions. This systematic review aimed to identify knowledge on paediatric CAT. Among 3,484 publications, 22 met inclusion criteria. Fourteen reported on CAT due to umbilical arterial catheter (UAC), two to extremity indwelling catheter (EIC), one to both and five to cardiac catheter (CC). The overall cumulative incidence of CAT was 21% (95% confidence interval [CI], 13–31) with a relative incidence of 20% (95% CI, 10–33) for UAC and 11% (95% CI, 3–21) for CC-related CAT. The incidence of EIC-related CAT ranged from 3.4 to 63%. Clinical presentation of CAT included symptoms of acute limb ischaemia (79%, 95% CI, 54–97), arterial hypertension (55%, 95% CI, 23–86) and congestive heart failure (28%, 95% CI, 7–53). Underlying conditions of UAC-related CAT included prematurity (70%, 95% CI, 31–98), respiratory distress syndrome (56%, 95% CI, 46–65), asphyxia (41%, 95% CI, 15–69), infection (32%, 95% CI, 13–55), persistent ductus arteriosus (28%, 95% CI, 13–45), meconium aspiration (16%, 95% CI, 8–25) and congenital heart disease (9%, 95% CI, 2–19). Congenital heart disease was the likely condition in EIC- and CC-related CAT. Antithrombotic treatment included thrombolysis (71%, 95% CI, 47–91), heparin (70%, 95% CI, 41–94) and thrombectomy (46%, 95% CI, 10–95) alone or in combination. Complete resolution rate of CAT was 82% (95% CI, 65–96). Long-term complications included arterial hypertension (26%, 95% CI, 0–66) and limb amputation (12%, 95% CI, 1–31). The overall all-cause mortality rate was 7% (95% CI, 2–14). In conclusion, CAT occurs at an increased incidence in neonates and children and is potentially associated with poor outcome. However, limited data are available on paediatric CAT. This systematic review identifies the rationale for further studies on CAT in paediatric patients.
The Performance of CT versus MRI in the Differential Diagnosis of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Xu Weilin , Gao Liansheng , Li Tao , Ramdoyal Neha , Zhang Jianmin , Shao Anwen 
Published: April 2018

Background Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare disease, and with poor prognosis. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the most commonly used image modalities for patients with non-specific neurologic symptoms. We present here a meta-analysis to assess the accuracy of CT and MRI in the differential diagnosis of CVT and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST).
Materials and Methods A comprehensive search of the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Database and Chinese Biomedical (CBM) databases was conducted prior to March 20, 2017. In this report, we assess the methodological quality of each article individually and perform a meta-analysis to obtain the summary of the diagnostic accuracy of CT and MRI in correctly identifying CVT and CVST.
Results Twenty-four eligible articles comprising 48 studies (4,595 cases) were included. The pooled sensitivity for CT–CVT/CT–CVST groups is 0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.76, 0.82)/0.81(95% CI: 0.78, 0.84), and pooled specificity is 0.90 (95% CI: 0.89, 0.91)/0.89 (0.88, 0.91), with an area under the curve (AUC) for the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) of 0.9314/0.9161, respectively. No significant heterogeneity and publication bias was observed across each study. For MRI–CVT/MRI–CVST, the pooled sensitivity is 0.82 (95% CI: 0.78, 0.85)/0.80 (95% CI: 0.76, 0.83), and pooled specificity is 0.92 (95% CI: 0.91, 0.94)/0.91(0.89, 0.92), with an AUC for the SROC of 0.9221/0.9273, respectively.
Conclusion This meta-analysis indicates that both CT and MRI have a high level of diagnostic accuracy in the differential diagnosis of CVT and CVST, independent of stage, target for analysis or analysis methods. They could be chosen as alternative sub-optimal gold standards for diagnosing CVT and CVST, especially in emergency.
Validity of student’s misconceptions diagnosis on chapter Kinetic Theory of Gases using three-tier diagnostic test
Authors: Jauhariyah M N R , Zulfa I , Harizah Z , Setyarsih W 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
In the learning process, students still have misconceptions although the concept has been taught by the teacher. One of the causes of misconceptions comes from the students themselves. The teacher often does not know that students have misconceptions because the assessment that has been given does not review the cause of misconception that occurs in students. Students have misconception especially in Abstract concept like in chapter Kinetic Theory of Gases. Because of that, this study made three tier diagnostic instrument test to diagnose student’s misconception in chapter Kinetic Theory of Gases. Moreover, it is also done an analysis in order to know the quality of instrument that has been made. According to the trials, the percentage of average internal validity is about 84.6% which means it is in proper to use and the reliability of instrument is 0.752, meaning reliable to use. This instrument used to diagnose the students’ misconceptions on chapter Kinetic Theory of Gases.
Giardia/Cryptosporidium QUIK CHEK Assay Is More Specific Than Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction for Rapid Point-of-care Diagnosis of Cryptosporidiosis in Infants in Bangladesh
Authors: Kabir Mamun , Ahmed Emtiaz , Hossain Biplob , Alam Masud , Ahmed Shahnawaz , Taniuchi Mami , Gilchrist Carol A , Houpt Eric R , Faruque A S G , Petri William A , Haque Rashidul 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background
Cryptosporidium is a major cause of childhood diarrhea. Current modes of cryptosporidiosis diagnosis involve procedures that are costly and require both a well-equipped laboratory and technical expertise. Therefore, a cost-effective, user-friendly, and rapid method for point-of-care detection of Cryptosporidium is desirable.

Methods
A total of 832 diarrheal stool specimens collected from 200 children aged &lt;2 years were tested by Giardia/Cryptosporidium QUIK CHEK, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to compare the performance of the individual techniques. We also tested for the presence of other diarrheal pathogens in qPCR-positive samples with a TaqMan Array Card (TAC) to assess whether Cryptosporidium was the sole causative agent for the diarrheal episodes.

Results
Of 832 samples, 4.4% were found positive for Cryptosporidium by QUIK CHEK, 3.6% by ELISA, and 8.8% by qPCR. Using TAC-attributed Cryptosporidium diarrhea as the gold standard, the sensitivities of QUIK CHEK, ELISA, and qPCR were 92.3%, 71.8%, and 100%, respectively; the specificities were 97.1%, 94.3%, and 0%, respectively. Analysis of the qPCR-positive and QUIK CHEK–negative samples by TAC identified other enteropathogens as more likely than Cryptosporidium to be the causative agents of diarrhea.

Conclusions
QUIK CHEK was more sensitive and specific than ELISA. While qPCR detected Cryptosporidium in more samples than QUIK CHEK, most of these were instances of qPCR detecting small quantities of Cryptosporidium DNA in a diarrheal episode caused by another enteropathogen. We concluded that QUIK CHEK was comparable in sensitivity and superior in specificity to qPCR for the diagnosis of Cryptosporidium diarrhea.
Disparities and Determinants of Cancer Treatment in Elderly Americans Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus/AIDS
Authors: Rositch Anne F , Jiang Shuai , Coghill Anna E , Suneja Gita , Engels Eric A 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background
Previous studies suggest that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected cancer patients are less likely to receive cancer treatment. The extent to which this disparity affects the growing population of elderly individuals is unknown and factors that mediate these treatment differences have not been explored.

Methods
We studied 930359 Americans aged 66–99 years who were diagnosed with 10 common cancers. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare claims from 1991 to 2011 were used to determine HIV status and receipt of cancer treatment in 6 months following diagnosis. Mediation analysis was conducted to estimate the direct effect of HIV, and indirect effect through cancer stage at diagnosis and comorbidities, on cancer treatment.

Results
HIV-infected individuals (n = 687) were less likely to receive cancer treatment (70% vs 75% HIV uninfected; P &lt; .01). This difference was larger in individuals aged 66–70 years, among whom only 65% were treated (vs 81% in HIV uninfected; P &lt; .01), and time from cancer diagnosis to treatment was longer (median, 42.5 vs 36 days in HIV uninfected; P &lt; .01). Accounting for potential confounders, HIV-infected individuals aged 66–70 years remained 20% less likely to receive cancer treatment (hazard ratio, 0.81 [95% confidence interval, .71–.92]). Seventy-five percent of this total effect was due to HIV itself, with a nonsignificant 24% mediated by cancer stage and comorbidities.

Conclusions
Lowest cancer treatment rates were seen in the younger subset of HIV-infected individuals, who would likely benefit most from treatment in terms of life expectancy.
Delayed Ileal Pouch Anal Anastomosis Has a Lower 30-Day Adverse Event Rate: Analysis From the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program
Authors: Kochar Bharati , Barnes Edward L , Peery Anne F , Cools Katherine S , Galanko Joseph , Koruda Mark , Herfarth Hans H 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background
Ulcerative colitis (UC) patients requiring colectomy often have a staged ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA). There are no prospective data comparing timing of pouch creation. We aimed to compare 30-day adverse event rates for pouch creation at the time of colectomy (PTC) with delayed pouch creation (DPC).

Methods
Using prospectively collected data from 2011–2015 through the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program, we conducted a cohort study including subjects aged ≥18 years with a postoperative diagnosis of UC. We assessed 30-day postoperative rates of unplanned readmissions, reoperations, and major and minor adverse events (AEs), comparing the stage of the surgery where the pouch creation took place. Using a modified Poisson regression model, we estimated risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusting for age, sex, race, body mass index, smoking status, diabetes, albumin, and comorbidities.

Results
Of 2390 IPAA procedures, 1571 were PTC and 819 were DPC. In the PTC group, 51% were on chronic immunosuppression preoperatively, compared with 15% in the DPC group (P < 0.01). After controlling for confounders, patients who had DPC were significantly less likely to have unplanned reoperations (RR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.24–0.75), major AEs (RR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.52–0.99), and minor AEs (RR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.32–0.73) than PTC.

Conclusions
Patients undergoing delayed pouch creation were at lower risk for unplanned reoperations and major and minor adverse events compared with patients undergoing pouch creation at the time of colectomy.
Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Human NPC1 Influence Filovirus Entry Into Cells
Authors: Kondoh Tatsunari , Letko Michael , Munster Vincent J , Manzoor Rashid , Maruyama Junki , Furuyama Wakako , Miyamoto Hiroko , Shigeno Asako , Fujikura Daisuke , Takadate Yoshihiro , Yoshida Reiko , Igarashi Manabu , Feldmann Heinz , Marzi Andrea , Takada Ayato 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1), a host receptor involved in the envelope glycoprotein (GP)–mediated entry of filoviruses into cells, is believed to be a major determinant of cell susceptibility to filovirus infection. It is known that proteolytically digested Ebola virus (EBOV) GP interacts with 2 protruding loops in domain C of NPC1. Using previously published structural data and the National Center for Biotechnology Information Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) database, we identified 10 naturally occurring missense SNPs in human NPC1. To investigate whether these SNPs affect cell susceptibility to filovirus infection, we generated Vero E6 cell lines stably expressing NPC1 with SNP substitutions and compared their susceptibility to vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotyped with filovirus GPs and infectious EBOV. We found that some of the substitutions resulted in reduced susceptibility to filoviruses, as indicated by the lower titers and smaller plaque/focus sizes of the viruses. Our data suggest that human NPC1 SNPs may likely affect host susceptibility to filoviruses.
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Properties of Metronidazole in Pediatric Patients With Acute Appendicitis: A Prospective Study
Authors: Child Jason , Chen Xinhui , Mistry Rakesh D , Somme Stig , MacBrayne Christine , Anderson Peter L , Jones Ronald N , Parker Sarah K 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background
Metronidazole is traditionally dosed every 6–8 hours even though in adults it has a long half-life, concentration-dependent killing, and 3-hour postantibiotic effect. Based on this logic, some pediatric hospitals adopted once-daily dosing for appendicitis, despite limited pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) in children. We studied pediatric patients with appendicitis given metronidazole once daily to determine whether this dosing would meet target area under the curve (AUC)/minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ratio of ≥70 for Bacteroides fragilis.

Methods
One hundred pediatric patients aged 4–17 years had an average of 3 blood draws per patient during the first 24 hours after a 30 mg/kg per dose of intravenous metronidazole. Concentrations of drug were determined using validated liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. A NONMEM model was constructed for determining PK, followed by Monte Carlo simulations to generate a population of plasma concentration-time AUC of metronidazole and hydroxy-metronidazole.

Results
Simulated AUC values met target attainment (AUC/MIC ratio of ≥70 to B fragilis MICs) for 96%–100% of all patients for an MIC of 2 mcg/mL. For MICs of 4 and 8 mcg/mL, target attainment ranged from 61% to 97% and 9% to 71%, respectively. Areas under the curve were similar to that of adults receiving 1000 mg and 1500 mg q24, or 500 mg q8 hours.

Conclusions
Metronidazole, 30 mg/kg per dose, once daily achieved AUC target attainment for B fragilis with an MIC of 2 mcg/mL or less in pediatric appendicitis patients. Based on this and studies in adults, there does not seem to be any PK/PD advantage of more frequent dosing in this population.