bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic treatment of JTP‐109192, a novel G‐protein coupled receptor 119 agonist, improves metabolic abnormalities in Zucker Fatty rats
Authors: Tadaki Hironobu , Sasase Tomohiko , Fukuda Sumiaki , Toriniwa Yasufumi , Harada Kazuhito , Ohta Takeshi , Yamada Takahisa 
Published: August 2019

AbstractG‐protein coupled receptor 119 (GPR119) expression in pancreatic β‐cells and intestinal L cells is a potential therapeutic target for treating type 2 diabetes. A natural GPR119 agonist oleoylethanolamide is well known to enhance a glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) secretion by elevating intracellular cAMP levels. In the present study, a glucose lowering effect of the GPR119 agonist, JTP‐109192 leading to improvement of insulin sensitivity was examined in Zucker Fatty (ZF) rats. We investigated the in vitro effects of JTP‐109192 on GSIS in the rat pancreatic β‐cell line (INS1E) cells and on GLP‐1 secretion in the murine enteroendocrine cell line (GLUTag) cells. We also investigated the effect of JTP‐109192 on GSIS in Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats with single administration and its effect on glucose metabolism in ZF rats with repeated administration once daily for about 6 weeks. After repeated administration, the hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic glucose clamp test was performed to evaluate insulin sensitivity. JTP‐109192 increased intracellular cAMP levels (EC50 value: 3.6 nmol/L) and enhanced GSIS in the INS1E cells and GLP‐1 secretion in GLUTag cells. In SD rats, a single administration of JTP‐109192 enhanced GSIS at high blood glucose levels. The repeated administrations in ZF rats improved glucose metabolism without lack of drug efficacy (tachyphylaxis) and increased glucose infusion rates due to improvement of insulin sensitivity.
Analyzing the percentage of different PD‐1+ T cell subsets in peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of small cell lung cancer patients: A prospective study
Authors: Hu Xintong , Gu Yue , Li Dan , Zhao Songchen , Hua Shucheng , Jiang Yanfang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe present study was designed to evaluate the percentage of different programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐1)+ T cell subsets in peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients. The percentages of PD‐1+ T cell subsets in peripheral blood and BALF samples obtained from 52 lung cancer and 20 pneumonia patients, and 20 healthy controls were examined by flow cytometry. In addition, clinical parameters, such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels, were also determined using Spearman's correlation test to assess their association with PD‐1+ T cell subsets. These present results revealed that the percentage of circulating PD‐1+ Tfh and peripheral helper T cells (Tph) cells significantly increased in peripheral blood of SCLC patients, when compared to non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) pneumonia patients and healthy controls. In addition, PD‐1+ Tfh cells were also significantly enhanced in patients in the extensive‐stage group. In contrast, the BALF samples of SCLC patients exhibited a significant decrease in percentage of Tph cells. An overall imbalance was observed between PD‐1+Tfh and Tph cells in both compartments. Furthermore, SCLC patients exhibited a significant decrease in the percentage of circulating PD‐1+ Tfh and Tph cells following chemotherapy, and the in vitro analysis revealed that the concentration of IL‐2 and IFN‐γ derived from PD‐1 + Tfh cells in SCLC were significantly lower than that from NSCLC. However, this had no significant correlation with disease severity. The present study indicated that elevated circulating PD‐1+ T cells can primarily be used as a biomarker for disease diagnosis and a potential therapeutic target.
The Urbanization of Nature in a (Post)Socialist Metropolis: An Urban Political Ecology of Allotment Gardening
Authors: Gibas Petr , Boumová Irena 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this article we explore how nature becomes part of the city through the example of allotment gardening in the city of Prague, in the Czech Republic. Prague allotments were established based on an ongoing political‐ecological process of urbanization of nature that was locally driven by socialist (from 1948 to 1989) and later neoliberal governance. We employ a situated urban political ecology (UPE) approach to analyse changes in the planning of allotments and the impact thereof on the experience of gardeners. This double focus allows us to uncover the effects of neoliberalization on the processes of production of urban nature in respect of both policy and everyday practice. We contrast contemporary capitalist urbanization with its socialist predecessor by showing the immediate effects of the acceptance of neoliberal modes of governance on allotments, urban nature and the understanding of the city. We open allotments as a terrain for UPE to turn attention to the (uneven) production of urban nature in a post‐socialist context that has thus far been largely absent from the UPE literature. We demonstrate that post‐socialist urbanization is a fruitful terrain that offers new opportunities to unmask the effects of neoliberalization on the production of uneven urban space and thus improves our understanding of contemporary uneven urbanisms.
Deconstructing residential immersive life skills programming through a pedagogical lens: mechanisms that can facilitate learning for youth with disabilities
Authors: Duff Celeste , McPherson Amy C , King Gillian , Kingsnorth Shauna 
Published: August 2019

Residential Immersive Life Skills (RILS) programs are unique programs for youth with disabilities. Situated, experiential, psychoeducational and strengths‐based learning approaches expose youth to opportunities and experiences that can facilitate the development of adaptive behaviours. This study examined the pedagogy of RILS programs to facilitate life skills development in youth. This study draws on 25 qualitative interviews that were conducted with nine youth who attended one of three separate RILS programs. Interviews were conducted at three different time points: pre‐program, 3 months post‐program and 12 months post‐program. Data were analysed using a constructivist grounded theory approach. The analysis provided evidence of the intended learning approaches that are mobilised in the RILS pedagogy (applied mechanisms): situated and experiential learning and psychoeducational and strengths‐based learning approaches. The transcripts also uncovered three behavioural and emotional elements in the RILS pedagogy (implicit mechanisms): the power of (1) interpersonal connections; (2) culture of collective understanding; and (3) emotional contagion. Findings validated evidence of applied mechanisms and uncovered the hidden behavioural and emotional mechanisms in the RILS pedagogy. This in‐depth insight is central to further developing not only independence‐oriented life skills programs, but also broader education programs for youth with disabilities.
Establishing Technical Values for Nursing Diagnoses in Primary Healthcare
Authors: Pérez‐Rivas Francisco Javier , Martín‐García Ángel , Sánz‐Bayona María Teresa , Fernández‐Díaz María Carmen , Barberá‐Martín Aurora , Cárdenas‐Valladolid Juan , López‐Palacios Sonia , Rico‐Blázquez Milagros ,   the nurses at the Quality of Care Commission of the Community of Madrid, Spain
Published: August 2019

PURPOSETo establish technical values for nursing diagnoses in primary healthcare with which to weight the delivery of care based on criteria of complexity and relevance.METHODSA three‐phase cross‐sectional descriptive study: (1) establishing and weighting of the assessment criteria of technical values, (2) scoring of the assessment criteria per diagnosis, and (3) assigning technical values.FINDINGSDiagnoses were ordered on the scoring scale obtained and a technical value of 1 to 4 was assigned according to their quartile.CONCLUSIONSHaving a technical value for each nursing diagnosis helps to measure the diversity and complexity of care.IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICETechnical values may contribute to improving nursing management indicators, as they incorporate a quantitative view into the assessment process.
Toward discovering a national identity for millennials: Examining their personal value orientations for regional, institutional, and demographic similarities or variations
Authors: Weber James , Loewenstein Jeffrey , Lewellyn Patsy , Elm Dawn R. , Hill Vanessa , Warnell Jessica McManus 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMillennials are a powerful workforce group and are quickly becoming established business leaders, consumers, and investors. Yet, millennials are often described as a uniformly homogeneous generation, despite mounting evidence of variances across their private and workplace behaviors, attitudes and preferences, and personal values. This article examines the personal value orientations of millennials in the Unites States, reporting consistencies, variations, and contrasts based on a large sample drawn from seven diverse universities. Results of this article suggest more similarities across a national population of millennials than differences, suggesting a national identity among American millennials. Practical implications of our findings and future research are discussed.
Social media monitoring on the perceived safety of medication use during pregnancy: A case study from the Netherlands
Authors: van Gelder Marleen M.H.J. , Rog Annemarije , Bredie Sebastian J.H. , Kievit Wietske , Nordeng Hedvig , van de Belt Tom H. 
Published: August 2019

AimsAn increasing number of women trust the Internet for information about medication safety during pregnancy. This study aimed to evaluate the availability and accuracy of social media content on the perceived safety of medication use in pregnancy.MethodsWe performed a systematic search of posts related to medication safety during pregnancy in the Dutch language published on social media, blogs and forums between May 2011 and April 2016 using Coosto, a tool for social media monitoring. The perceived safety in the posts was compared with the Dutch Teratology Information Service (TIS) safety classifications.ResultsWe included 1224 online posts, which described 1441 scenarios about medication safety in pregnancy. A total of 820 (57%) scenarios were in line with the TIS classification. Incorrect perception was higher for prescription medication compared to medication available over‐the‐counter (60 vs 25%). Furthermore, the safety classification of medications with a TIS classification on strict indication or second‐line drugs (93%) and medications with insufficient knowledge on their safety during pregnancy (76%) was more likely to be incorrectly perceived by the public compared to medications with the TIS classification safe (24%).ConclusionsSocial media monitoring may be useful for surveillance of potentially unsafe use of medications in pregnancy. Many social posts related to medication safety during pregnancy provide inaccurate information. As this information may affect women's perceptions and decisions, accurate communication between healthcare providers and pregnant women regarding the benefits and risks of medications is vital.
The ellagitannin metabolite urolithin C is a glucose‐dependent regulator of insulin secretion through activation of L‐type calcium channels
Authors: Bayle Morgane , Neasta Jérémie , Dall'Asta Margherita , Gautheron Guillaume , Virsolvy Anne , Quignard Jean‐François , Youl Estelle , Magous Richard , Guichou Jean‐François , Crozier Alan , Del Rio Daniele , Cros Gérard , Oiry Catherine 
Published: August 2019

Background and PurposeThe pharmacology of polyphenol metabolites on beta‐cell function is largely undetermined. We sought to identify polyphenol metabolites that enhance the insulin‐secreting function of beta‐cells and to explore the underlying mechanisms.Experimental ApproachINS‐1 beta‐cells and rat isolated islets of Langerhans or perfused pancreas preparations were used for insulin secretion experiments. Molecular modelling, intracellular Ca2+ monitoring, and whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings were used for mechanistic studies.Key ResultsAmong a set of polyphenol metabolites, we found that exposure of INS‐1 beta‐cells to urolithins A and C enhanced glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion. We further characterized the activity of urolithin C and its pharmacological mechanism. Urolithin C glucose‐dependently enhanced insulin secretion in isolated islets of Langerhans and perfused pancreas preparations. In the latter, enhancement was reversible when glucose was lowered from a stimulating to a non‐stimulating concentration. Molecular modelling suggested that urolithin C could dock into the Cav1.2 L‐type Ca2+ channel. Calcium monitoring indicated that urolithin C had no effect on basal intracellular Ca2+ but enhanced depolarization‐induced increase in intracellular Ca2+ in INS‐1 cells and dispersed cells isolated from islets. Electrophysiology studies indicated that urolithin C dose‐dependently enhanced the L‐type Ca2+ current for levels of depolarization above threshold and shifted its voltage‐dependent activation towards more negative potentials in INS‐1 cells.Conclusion and ImplicationsUrolithin C is a glucose‐dependent activator of insulin secretion acting by facilitating L‐type Ca2+ channel opening and Ca2+ influx into pancreatic beta‐cells. Our work paves the way for the design of polyphenol metabolite‐inspired compounds aimed at ameliorating beta‐cell function.
“You Always Remain Slightly an Outsider”: Workplace Experiences of Academics from Working‐Class or Impoverished Backgrounds
Authors: Waterfield Bea , Beagan Brenda L. , Mohamed Tameera 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDebates surrounding class inequality and social mobility often highlight the role of higher education in reducing income inequality and promoting equity through upward social mobility. We explore the lived experience of social mobility through an analysis of 11 semistructured interviews with Canadian academics who self‐identified as having working‐class or impoverished family origins. While economic capital increased substantially, cultural capital and habitus left many feeling like cultural outsiders. Isolation—both chosen and imposed—reduced professional networks, diminishing social capital. Caught between social worlds, participants mobilized symbolic capital in moral boundary marking, aligning themselves strategically with either their current class status or their working‐class roots. While upward social mobility is a path toward reducing economic inequality, the lived experience of social mobility suggests it may exact a high emotional cost.
When the Solution Is on the Doorstep: Better Solving Performance, but Diminished Aha! Experience for Chess Experts on the Mutilated Checkerboard Problem
Authors: Bilalić Merim , Graf Mario , Vaci Nemanja , Danek Amory H. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractInsight problems are difficult because the initially activated knowledge hinders successful solving. The crucial information needed for a solution is often so far removed that gaining access to it through restructuring leads to the subjective experience of “Aha!”. Although this assumption is shared by most insight theories, there is little empirical evidence for the connection between the necessity of restructuring an incorrect problem representation and the Aha! experience. Here, we demonstrate a rare case where previous knowledge facilitates the solving of insight problems but reduces the accompanying Aha! experience. Chess players were more successful than non‐chess players at solving the mutilated checkerboard insight problem, which requires retrieval of chess‐related information about the color of the squares. Their success came at a price, since they reported a diminished Aha! experience compared to controls. Chess players’ problem‐solving ability was confined to that particular problem, since they struggled to a similar degree to non‐chess players to solve another insight problem (the eight‐coin problem), which does not require chess‐related information for a solution. Here, chess players and non‐chess players experienced the same degree of insight.
Gricean Expectations in Online Sentence Comprehension: An ERP Study on the Processing of Scalar Inferences
Authors: Augurzky Petra , Franke Michael , Ulrich Rolf 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThere is substantial support for the general idea that a formalization of comprehenders' expectations about the likely next word in a sentence helps explaining data related to online sentence processing. While much research has focused on syntactic, semantic, and discourse expectations, the present event‐related potentials (ERPs) study investigates neurolinguistic correlates of pragmatic expectations, which arise when comprehenders expect a sentence to conform to Gricean Maxims of Conversation. For predicting brain responses associated with pragmatic processing, we introduce a formal model of such Gricean pragmatic expectations, using an idealized incremental interpreter. We examine whether pragmatic expectancies derived from this model modulate the amplitude of the N400, a component that has been associated with predictive processing. As part of its parameterization, the model distinguishes genuine pragmatic interpreters, who expect maximally informative true utterances, from literal interpreters, who only expect truthfulness. We explore the model's non‐trivial predictions for an experimental setup which uses picture‐sentence verification with ERPs recorded at several critical positions in sentences containing the scalar implicature trigger some. We find that Gricean expectations indeed affect the N400, largely in line with the predictions of our model, but also discuss discrepancies between model predictions and observations critically.
Keratinocytes maintain compartmentalization between dermal papilla and fibroblasts in 3D heterotypic tri‐cultures
Authors: Tan Justin J. Y. , Common John E. , Wu Chunyong , Ho Paul C. L. , Kang Lifeng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesReproducing human hair follicles in vitro is often limited by various reasons such as the lack of a systematic approach to culture distinct hair follicle cell types to reproduce their spatial relationship. Here, we reproduce hair follicle‐like constructs resembling the spatial orientation of different cells in vivo, to study the role of keratinocytes in maintaining cellular compartmentalization among hair follicle‐related cells.Materials and methodsDermal papilla (DP) cells, HaCaT keratinocytes and human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells were seeded sequentially into three‐dimensional (3D) microwells fabricated from polyethylene glycol diacrylate hydrogels. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to compare inductive gene expression of 3D and two‐dimensional (2D) DP. DP and HaCaT cells were transfected with green fluorescent protein and red fluorescent protein lentivirus, respectively, to enable cell visualization using confocal microscopy. ResultsThe 3D DP cultures showed significantly enhanced expression of essential DP genes as compared 2D cultures. Core‐shell configurations containing keratinocytes forming the outer shell and DP forming the core were observed. Migratory polarization was mediated by cell‐cell interaction between the keratinocytes and HDF cells, while preserving the aggregated state of the DP cells.ConclusionsKeratinocytes may play a role in maintaining compartmentalization between the DP and the surrounding HDF residing in the dermis, and therefore maintains the aggregative state of the DP cells, necessary for hair follicle development and function.
Post‐scabietic nodules: Mimicker of infantile indeterminate cell histiocytosis and potential diagnostic pitfall
Authors: Ruby Kristen N. , Loo Eric Y. , Mann Julianne A. , LeBlanc Robert E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIndeterminate cell histiocytosis (ICH) is an extremely rare disease and little is known about its etiology. Patients usually present with nodular, dermal proliferations of indeterminate cells, which characteristically resemble Langerhans cells but lack Birbeck granules. The clinical course is highly variable, ranging from spontaneous regression to rapid progression with reports of extracutaneous involvement, subsequent acute myeloid leukemias, and associated B‐cell lymphomas. Rare cases of ICH‐like reactions have been reported in the setting of scabies infestations as well as in patients who had been bitten by ticks and mosquitos. We present a successfully treated case of indeterminate cell‐rich post scabietic nodules in an otherwise healthy 8‐month‐old boy and review the literature on similar cases. Clinical context is essential for correct interpretation of these indolent ICH‐mimicking lesions, and to avert unnecessary patient anxiety and aggressive management.
Pitx2c inhibition increases atrial fibroblast activity: Implications in atrial arrhythmogenesis
Authors: Kao Yu‐Hsun , Chung Cheng‐Chih , Cheng Wan‐Li , Lkhagva Baigalmaa , Chen Yi‐Jen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundA Pitx2c deficiency increases the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). Atrial structural remodelling with fibrosis blocks electrical conduction and leads to arrhythmogenesis. A Pitx2c deficiency enhances profibrotic transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β expression and calcium dysregulation, suggesting that Pitx2c may play a role in atrial fibrosis. The purposes of this study were to evaluate whether a Pitx2c deficiency modulates cardiac fibroblast activity and study the underlying mechanisms.Materials and MethodsA migration assay, proliferation analysis, Western blot analysis and calcium fluorescence imaging were conducted in Pitx2c‐knockdown human atrial fibroblasts (HAFs) using short hairpin (sh)RNA or small interfering (si)RNA.ResultsCompared to control HAFs, Pitx2c‐knockdown HAFs had a greater migration but a similar proliferative ability. Pitx2c‐knockdown HAFs had a higher calcium influx with enhanced phosphorylation of calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII), α‐smooth muscle actin and matrix metalloproteinase‐2. In the presence of a CaMKII inhibitor (KN‐93, 0.5 μmol/L), control and Pitx2c‐knockdown HAFs exhibited similar migratory abilities.ConclusionThese findings suggest that downregulation of Pitx2c may regulate atrial fibrosis through modulating calcium homeostasis, which may contribute to its role in anti‐atrial fibrosis, and Pitx2c downregulation may change the atrial electrophysiology and AF occurrence through modulating fibroblast activity.
Preparing the Next Generation of Educational Measurement Specialists: A Call for Programs With an Integrated Scope and Sequence
Authors: Russell Mike , Ludlow Larry , O'Dwyer Laura 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe field of educational measurement has evolved considerably since the first doctoral programs were established. In response, programs have typically tacked on courses that address newly developed theories, methods, tools, and techniques. As our review of current programs evidences, this approach produces artificial distinctions among topics and techniques that are in fact a tightly coupled whole. This position paper advocates a redesign of the scope and sequence for doctoral programs focused on the preparation of the next generations of educational measurement specialists; a redesign that reflects the full life‐cycle of instrument development and use.