bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on Naphtha Combustion in HCCI Engines
Authors: Lu An , Achumu Junior James , Yang Junfeng 
Published: December 2024

Article
Study on Naphtha Combustion in HCCI Engines

An Lu 1, Junior James Achumu 2 and Junfeng Yang 2,*

1 School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
2 School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
* Correspondence: j.yang@leeds.ac.uk

Received: 15 July 2024; Revised: 18 October 2024; Accepted: 22 October 2024; Published: 28 October 2024

Abstract: The chemical kinetics model studies have been conducted in this paper to assess ignition characteristics of coal-based naphtha (with carbon range C3–C10, RON of 54) for use in advanced engines. Reactivity of coal-based naphtha (CBN) was compared with two surrogate models: PRF54 (46 mole% n-heptane/54 mole% iso-octane) model and 3-component (42.561 mole% NC7H16, 43.683 mole% IC8H18 and 13.756 mole% IC6H14) model. Both two models reasonably predicted the ignition delay times (IDTs) of CBN at 10, 15 bar and 640–900 K. In addition, the experimental and simulation study of coal-based naphtha HCCI combustion was carried out. CHEMKIN-PRO software was used to simulate the effects of intake temperature (Tin) and equivalent ratio (Φ) on the combustion process of naphtha HCCI engine. The results show that the combustion of coal-based naphtha HCCI is sensitive to the Tin. With the increase of Tin, the combustion phase of HCCI is obviously advanced, the concentration of OH and HO2 increases in the middle and low temperature reaction process, and the corresponding curve moves forward as a whole. The change of Φ has little effect on the concentration of OH and HO2 before ignition, and the change of ignition time with the mixture concentration is not obvious. It should be pointed out that when the Tin is high or mixture is rich, the coal-based naphtha HCCI engine is prone to knock, and the peak phase will appear before top dead center (TDC). This phenomenon is especially obvious when the Tin is very high. It can be seen that the coal-based naphtha is suitable for low-temperature lean combustion.
Metabolomics in Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Lu Shan , Huang Zisheng , Liu Baitao , Zhang Yan 
Published: December 2024

Review
Metabolomics in Cardiovascular Diseases

Shan Lu 1,†, Zisheng Huang 2,†, Baitao Liu 3, and Yan Zhang 1,*
1 Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100871, China
2 School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
3 Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
† These authors contributed equally to this work.
* Correspondence: zhangyan9876@pku.edu.cn

Received: 10 July 2023; Revised: 25 September 2024; Accepted: 26 September 2024; Published: 25 October 2024

Abstract: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide, and disorders of cardiac energy metabolism are the main contributors to many cardiovascular pathologies. Metabolomics is a science that examines the types and amounts of metabolites and the patterns of change in biological systems after stimulation or perturbation. Metabolites are widely distributed in the body and have universal regulatory effects on a wide range of physiological activities. Metabolism is at the end of the regulation of life activities, so metabolomics is closer to phenotypes than genomics and transcriptom-ics, and can reflect the state of biological systems more accurately. Metabolomics, a cross-cutting dis-cipline emerging in the post-genomics era, has rapidly penetrated into many fields of medicine, im-proves understanding of complex diseases and generates more new discoveries and hypotheses. Therefore, metabolomics helps detect metabolic changes in the course of CVDs, search for biomarkers, and further study the pathogenesis of CVDs. In this review, we intend to comprehensively summarize the principles, classification and applications in CVDs of metabolomics.
Immune Checkpoints Are New Therapeutic Targets in Regulating Cardio-, and Cerebro-Vascular Diseases and CD4+Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cell Immunosuppression
Authors: Shao Ying , Yang William Y. , Nanayakkara Gayani , Saaoud Fatma , Issa Mohammed Ben , Xu Keman , Liu Yifan , Jiang Xiaohua , Mohsin Sadia , Wang Hong , Yang Xiaofeng 
Published: December 2024

Review
Immune Checkpoints Are New Therapeutic Targets in Regulating Cardio-, and Cerebro-Vascular Diseases and CD4+Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cell Immunosuppression

Ying Shao 1,2,†, William Y. Yang 1,†, Gayani Nanayakkara 3,†, Fatma Saaoud 1,†, Mohammed Ben Issa 1,†, Keman Xu 1, Yifan Lu 1, Xiaohua Jiang 1,2, Sadia Mohsin 4, Hong Wang 2, and Xiaofeng Yang 1,2,*
1 Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics and Vascular Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA19140, USA
2 Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA19140, USA
3 Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT84112, USA
4 Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center (ACDC), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA19140, USA
* Correspondence: xfyang@temple.edu
† These authors contributed equally to this work.

Received: 6 September 2024; Revised: 29 September 2024; Accepted: 30 September 2024; Published: 26 November 2024

Abstract: Although previous reviews explored the roles of selected immune checkpoints (ICPs) in cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cerebrovascular diseases from various perspectives, many related aspects have yet to be thoroughly reviewed and analyzed. Our comprehensive review addresses this gap by discussing the cellular functions of ICPs, focusing on the tissue-specific and microenvironment-localized transcriptomic and posttranslational regulation of ICP expressions, as well as their functional interactions with metabolic reprogramming. We also analyze how 14 pairs of ICPs, including CTLA-4/CD86-CD80, PD1-PDL-1, and TIGIT-CD155, regulate CVD pathogenesis. Additionally, the review covers the roles of ICPs in modulating CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), T cells, and innate immune cells in various CVDs and cerebrovascular diseases. Furthermore, we outline seven immunological principles to guide the development of new ICP-based therapies for CVDs. This timely and thorough analysis of recent advancements and challenges provide new insights into the role of ICPs in CVDs, cerebrovascular diseases and Tregs, and will support the development of novel therapeutics strategies for these diseases.
On the Surface Compositions of Molybdenum Carbide Nanoparticles for Electrocatalytic Applications
Authors: Yu Siying , Yang Hong 
Published: December 2024

Perspective
On the Surface Compositions of Molybdenum Carbide Nanoparticles for Electrocatalytic Applications

Siying Yu and Hong Yang *

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
* Correspondence: hy66@illinois.edu
Received: 28 November 2024; Accepted: 2 December 2024; Published: 6 December 2024

Abstract: Molybdenum carbide has attracted much research attention for its precious metal-like catalytic properties, especially in hydrogen-involved reactions. It possesses rich crystal and surface structures leading to different activity and product selectivity. With advances in nanoengineering and new understanding of their surfaces and interfaces, one can control the transition between different phases and surface structures for molybdenum carbide nanoparticles. In this context, it is essential to understand their surface compositions and structures under operating conditions in addition to their intrinsic ones under ambient conditions without external cues. The necessity of surface study also comes from the mild oxidation brought by passivation in carbide nanoparticles. made using the bottom-up synthesis or solid-gas phase temperature-programmed reduction. In this perspective, we first introduce the relevant crystal structures of molybdenum carbides and highlight the features of the three types of chemical bonding within. We then briefly review the studies of thermodynamically favored surface components and nanostructures for partially oxidized molybdenum carbide nanoparticles based on both experimental and theoretical data. An electrochemical oxidation method is used to illustrate the feasibility in controlling and understanding the surface oxidation. Finally, structure-property relationship is discussed with several recent examples, focusing on the effect of phase dependency on the adsorption energy of reaction intermediates.
Memahami Pelaksanaan Pelatihan Literasi Digital bagi Guru: Sebuah Tinjauan Literatur
Authors: Wahyuni Kadek Dwi , Agustini Ketut , Sudatha I Gde Wawan 
Published: December 2024

Pada era digital ini, guru dituntut untuk meningkatkan keahlian dalam pemanfaatan teknologi informasi. Guru yang memiliki literasi digital yang baik akan mampu mengakses, mengolah, dan menggunakan informasi serta aplikasi digital terutama dalam mendukung proses belajar mengajar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode tinjauan literatur sistematis. Tinjauan Literatur ini membahas metode pelaksanaan, materi, dan evaluasi yang diterapkan dalam melaksanakan pelatihan literasi digital bagi guru di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan sistematis PRISMA, 20 publikasi ilmiah telah terpilih untuk dikaji lebih mendalam. Berdasarkan hasil olah data didapatkan hasil bahwa, metode yang digunakan dalam pelatihan literasi digital dibagi menjadi tiga fase utama, yakni tahap persiapan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi. Materi yang paling banyak diberikan adalah google workspace, canva, dan aplikasi permainan pembelajaran. Sementara metode pengumpulan data evaluasi yang paling dominan adalah melalui penyebaran kuesioner. Melalui analisis terhadap literature yang relevan dan dengan memperkuat pemahaman mengenai pelatihan literasi digital, diharapkan institusi pelatihan seperti Balai Diklat dapat meningkatkan efektivitas dan efisiensi dalam mengelola pelatihan mereka, sehingga pengembangan kompetensi guru secara berkelanjutan dapat lebih dioptimalkan.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DA IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DO SISTEMA DE CUSTOS NO SETOR PÚBLICO
Authors: Santos Levi Machado dos , Andrade Adriano Mello de , Azevedo Magno Santana 
Published: December 2024

O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de justificar a importância da implementação do sistema de custos no setor Público, foi utilizado como base a Norma Brasileira de Contabilidade Aplicada ao Setor Público (NBC TSP 34) que rege as diretrizes para implementação desse sistema. O sistema utilizado de base para esse trabalho foi o Sistema de Informações de Custos do governo federal (SIC), que é uma ferramenta com o poder de otimizar e maximizar os recursos Públicos. O sistema pode ser aplicado nas esferas União, Estados e Municípios. A metodologia utilizada se baseou nas pesquisas bibliográficas com uma abordagem qualitativa e descritiva visando compreender as percepções dos gestores Públicos e os desafios institucionais na implementação do sistema de custos aplicado ao setor público. O artigo demonstrou como a implementação do sistema de custos é fundamental para obter uma administração pública eficiente e de qualidade sobre a alocação dos seus gastos.
Юридична відповідальність викривача у практиці Європейського суду з прав людини: передумови для деталізації регулювання у законодавстві України
Authors: Сидоров Я. О. , Щипанова О. О. , Юрченко В. В. 
Published: December 2024

Метою дослідження є окреслення засад юридичної відповідальності викривача відповідно до практики ЄСПЛ як основи для деталізації відповідних положень законодавства України. Актуальність дослідження підстав та меж юридичної відповідальності викривача пов’язана з тим, що утверджений у законодавстві України підхід до їх визначення не забезпечує охорони прав та законних інтересів осіб, яких стосується інформація, що надходить викривачів, а також достатнім чином не стримує викривачів від зловживання механізмом їх захисту та недобросовісного підриву репутації осіб, яких стосується інформація від викривачів, та від невиправданого спричинення негативних наслідків для інших приватних інтересів та публічного порядку. У ході дослідження використовується комплекс методів наукового пізнання, в основі якого лежить порівняльний метод, формально-догматичний метод та метод державно-правового моделювання. У результаті дослідження визначено, що за законодавством України викривачу гарантується юридична недоторканність, незалежно від ступеня достовірності та значення його інформації, співвідношення негативних наслідків її розголошення із корисним ефектом від цього. Натомість, ЄСПЛ у його усталеній практиці у справах про правомірність втручання у свободу викривача щодо поширення інформації про ймовірне правопорушення, керуючись групою взаємопов’язаних критеріїв, які включають, насамперед: 1) доступність альтернативних каналів для розкриття інформації; 2) суспільний інтерес до інформації, що була розголошена, у зіставленні із шкодою, що заподіяна внаслідок її розголошення; 3) достовірність інформації. Зокрема, ЄСПЛ підкреслює необхідність першочергового використання викривачами захищених каналів повідомлення інформації, особливо, якщо її поширення зовнішніми каналами може негативно позначитись на приватних та публічних інтересах. Інформація може бути оприлюднена перед широким загалом лише в тих випадках, коли захищеними каналами це явно неможливо здійснити або коли це з високою часткою вірогідності не призведе до належного реагування на повідомлення. Також, на викривача має бути покладений обов’язок перевіряти, перш ніж оприлюднити інформацію, наскільки це можливо, що відповідна інформація є достовірною. Автор дійшов висновку, що не забезпечувати реалізацію цих критеріїв на національному рівні при вирішенні питання про наявність підстав для поширення на конкретного викривача юридичного імунітету у тих чи інших межах держава може лише за умови, якщо вона візьме на себе відповідальність за майнову та (або) моральну шкоду, що стали результатом здійснення повідомлення викривачем.
“Out of Touch” vs. “Still Practicing”: How Child Life Specialists Perceive Supervisors’ Roles in Mitigating Workplace Stress and Burnout
Authors: Ginter Amanda , Cahlander Britt , Dumas Katie 
Published: December 2024

Objective Certified Child Life Specialists (CCLSs) have previously reported experiencing workplace stress and burnout. To date, no studies have focused on CCLSs’ perspectives on their relationships with their supervisors. Method Qualitative interviews were conducted with 19 currently and formerly practicing CCLSs about their relationships with their supervisors, how they communicate with their supervisors about workplace stress, and the roles they perceive their supervisions fulfilling with respect to workplace stress and burnout mitigation. Results Data analysis yielded four themes: 1) lack of support from supervisors, including establishing boundaries, 2) generational differences between supervisees and supervisors, 3) supervisors are also struggling, and 4) need for acknowledgment and advocacy from supervisors. Conclusion Participants described interpersonal and systemic frustrations, acknowledging that supervisors are also struggling. More research is needed on the perspectives of supervisors.
Literature and Society in Nigeria: Engaging Cultural Policy for Effective Management
Authors: Osedebamen David Oamen  , F. O. Osekhale  , Eunice Omozejie  
Published: December 2024

This study is on literature and society in Nigeria and the need to engage cultural policy for its effective management. It examines the potency of the cultural policy of Nigeria in strengthening the social, economic, and cultural value of literature in the development of society. Cultural policy, being government instrument of cultural management, becomes important in deepening the social importance of literature within ethnic nationalities in Africa whose tradition birthed the author and his or her creative work. It emphasized cultural policy power to promote the use of African or Nigeria indigenous languages for literary benefits and development. The research method is an analytical approach towards engaging indigenous language in African or Nigerian literature. It concluded that literature will do best in Nigerian society if cultural policy is enabled to contribute to the management of its practice and advance the fortune of literary artists with intent promote indigenous language benefits in Nigerian.
Whistleblowing Intentions of Accountants and Auditors: Evidence from the Philippines and Indonesia
Authors: Santos Sherwin , Larasati Meita 
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Accountants and auditors are entrusted to maintain high levels of integrity and independence in the practice of their profession. Whistleblowing is a critical aspect on fraud reporting disclosing financial irregularities in the governance and financial management of an institution. The study aims to provide evidence on the internal-external whistleblowing intentions among accountants and auditors in the Philippines and Indonesia, and identify what factors will influence them in reporting the violations they uncover. Methods: The samples tested are accountants/auditors from the Directorate General of Taxes (DJP) of the Ministry of Finance (Kemenkeu) in the DKI Jakarta area and Certified Public Accountants and/or auditors from the Philippines. Quantitative analysis originating from the results of questionnaire data processing were employed in this study. Purposive sampling of sixty-four accountants/auditors of the Directorat General of Taxes in Indonesia and sixty-four practicing accountants/auditors in the Philippines were used in this study.Results: The study shows that attitude and independence commitment have a significant relationship to the internal-external whistleblowing intentions of accountants and auditors in the Philippines. On the other hand, rationalization significantly affects only the external whistleblowing intentions of the Philippine accountants/auditors. Religiosity has no significant correlation to whistleblowing intentions in the Philippines. Attitude, rationalization, and religiosity have a significant impact on the intentions of Indonesians to blow the whistle towards authorities. Independence commitment does not show a significant relationship with external whistleblowing intentions.
The Impact of Teaching Style and Course Structure on Intermediate Accounting Students Understanding
Authors: Sudarto Triadi Agung , Juliardi Dodik 
Published: December 2024

Many students face great difficulties in completing Intermediate Accounting courses well. One of the factors that is considered influential is the teaching style. Another factor that can affect students' understanding in studying Intermediate Accounting is the learning structure (course structure). A good learning must include the correct and coherent choice of topics in order to present the learner's point of view and not only from the point of view of experts, in this case lecturers (experts). Based on the results of the research test, the following results can be obtained: 1) Teaching Style has a significant positive effect on students' understanding of the Intermediate Accounting Course; 2) Course Structure has a significant positive effect on Student Understanding in the Intermediate Financial Accounting Course. The implication of this study is that the application of the theory of interpersonal behavior is answered. The results show that this theory can be a valuable tool for understanding and improving interpersonal relationships, and for identifying strategies for solving problems. Furthermore, the practical implications show that the existence of the right teaching style and a course structure that is structured and based on the principle of interrelation between materials can increase student learning motivation because students feel that they can follow the learning flow better. With a clear structure, students tend to understand the concept thoroughly and uninterruptedly
Effects of a semen extender treated with coenzyme Q10-ubiquinol on the quality of thawed ram sperm
Authors: Arroyo Eduardo , Bayly Warwick , Chakraborty Swarnita , Leadon Desmond , Tibary Ahmed 
Published: December 2024

Objective was to determine whether addition of coenzyme Q10 - ubiquinol to glycerol extender improved cryopreserved ram sperm quality. Semen was collected (electroejaculation) from mature Suffolk rams (n = 6) 6 times during the breeding season. Pooled semen from each session was processed and cryopreserved in extenders with 150 µmol/liter of ubiquinol (treated) and without (control). Thawed cryopreserved semen was evaluated using computer-assisted sperm analysis for motility and kinetic parameters. Sperm viability was determined via plasma membrane integrity. After thawing, measurements were obtained at 10, 20, 60, and 120 minutes. In treated samples, there were increases in progressive motility (p < 0.0001), curvilinear velocity (p = 0.002), straight line velocity (p = 0.003) and time average velocity (p = 0.001), and sperm tended (p = 0.07) to have more viability. Furthermore, there were time-related decreases in all variables in treated control and samples. Ubiquinol improved cryopreserved ram sperm quality.
Analisis Kesulitan Belajar Akademik Siswa-Siswi SMAN 13 Surabaya
Authors: Amrih Dwi Wulandari  , Sabilah Rosyadatus , Muhammad Latif Fatkurrohman  , Aula Rahma Putri  , Likfatmawati Maslakah  , Kaniati Amalia  
Published: December 2024

Academic learning difficulties are a challenge that is often found and faced by students when studying at school and at home. Internal factors such as motivation, ability, cognitive, and there are external factors such as family environment, teacher teaching methods, learning facilities and also teacher support are also important to determine the success of student learning. This study aims to analyze various forms of students' academic learning difficulties at school and at home, as well as understand the influence of the environment on the success of students' learning. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach. Data collection techniques include in-depth interviews with teachers and questionnaires involving students, observations are carried out in the school environment of SMAN 13 SURABAYA. The results of the study showed that students of SMAN 13 SURABAYA had diverse learning disabilities, learning difficulties that were felt included students having difficulty concentrating, sleepiness during lunch, teachers who lacked in explaining material and unconducive classroom conditions. In the questionnaire data that I got, most of the students had difficulty in understanding the subjects of Mathematics, Physics, English and Chemistry. This can affect the academic performance of students. The academic learning difficulties of SMAN 13 Surabaya students are caused by the interaction between internal and external factors. To overcome learning difficulties in students, efforts can be made such as strengthening learning strategies by teachers, improving learning facilities, and active involvement of parents in supporting the learning process of students.