bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
¿Reduciendo la brecha (de género) atlántica? Mujeres fulbrighters y transferencias culturales hispano-estadounidense, 1959-1964 = Close the Gap (of Gender) Atlantic? Fulbrighters Women and Cultural Transfers Spanish-American, 1959-1964
Authors: Rodríguez Escobar Moisés 
Published: June 2019

Resumen: En el marco de las relaciones diplomáticas entre la España de Franco y Estados Unidos se produjo la incorporación de la dictadura al Programa de Movilidad Fulbright. Este fue uno de los instrumentos más importantes de la denominada ‘Diplomacia Pública’. Una de las virtudes que tenía era la inclusión de las mujeres en el mismo. Teniendo en cuenta la legislación franquista respecto al acceso de la mujer al mundo laboral, esto es clave. La posibilidad de ampliar estudios y conocer otra cultura, fomentó la reclamación de derechos a la dictadura. El objetivo de la comunicación es estudiar a las beneficiarias de este programa entre 1959 y 1964.Palabras clave: programa Fulbright, mujeres, universitarias, diplomacia cultural, transferencias culturales.Abstract: In the context of diplomatic relations between Franco’s Spain and the United States was included the dictatorship into the Fulbright Mobility Program. This was one of the most important resources of the so-called ‘Public Diplomacy’. This would become in the first cultural exchange program in which the dictatorship participated. One of the virtues of it was the inclusion of women in it. Taking into account the existing Franco´s legislation with regards to women’s access to the world of work, it was crucial. The possibility of increasing studies and learning new cultures encouraged the claim of rights to the dictatorship. The purpose of the communication to study some of the beneficiaries of the Program from 1959 to 1964. Keywords: fulbright Program, Women, Universitary, Cultural Diplomacy, cultural transfers.
Experimental Investigation of Mechanisms in Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Flooding for Enhancing the Recovery From Heavy-Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Ghalamizade Elyaderani Seyed M. , Jafari Arezou , Razavinezhad Javad 
Published: June 2019

Summary
In the past few years, nanoparticle flooding has displayed significant potential for enhancing oil recovery. Among different nanoparticles, hydrophilic (functionalized) nanotubes have not been tested yet. Therefore, in this study, functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were used in three concentrations—0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 wt%—to conduct micromodel, interfacial–tension (IFT), wettability, viscosity, phase–behavior, and static–adsorption tests. In addition, constancy of nanofluids in the presence of sodium chloride (NaCl) was investigated qualitatively. Obtained results illustrated that by increasing the nanoparticle concentration from 0.01 to 0.1 wt%, nanofluid/oil IFT decreased, because MWCNT were placed between the surfaces of the oil and the nanofluid. Also, viscosity of the nanofluid improved slightly when the nanoparticle concentration increased. Moreover, contact angle was measured before and after coating with nanosuspensions, and the achieved data showed a change from oil–wet to water–wet. The resulting emulsion was a water–in–oil type; therefore, as MWCNT concentration increased, the size and number of water droplets in the oil also increased. This augmentation improved the effectiveness of the emulsion viscosity. Stability tests also provided evidence confirming that the nanofluids were stable for 10 days in concentrations of 0.01 and 0.1 wt% and in salinities of 1 and 0.5 wt%, respectively. Besides, the addition of 0.05 wt% sulfonated polymer to the nanofluids ensured their stability in higher salinities. Moreover, the results of the micromodel test revealed that by increasing the concentration of nanoparticles, sweep efficiency increased and the fingering phenomenon was reduced. In addition, the ultimate recovery of oil obtained by nanosuspension flooding in concentrations of 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 wt% was, respectively, 12.6, 16.4, and 20% higher than that of waterflooding. Static adsorption on sandstone was found to be 0.575, 1.25, and 1.76 mg/m2 at 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 wt%, respectively, and it reached its fixed amounts within 24 hours. Therefore, functionalized MWCNT might help increase heavy–oil recovery through mechanisms of reducing IFT, changing wettability from oil–wet to water–wet in oil–wet reservoirs, increasing viscosity (slightly), and developing a water–in–oil emulsion.
Evaluating Fracture Volume Loss During Flowback and Its Relationship to Choke Size: Fastback vs. Slowback
Authors: Fu Yingkun , Dehghanpour Hassan , Motealleh Siyavash , Lopez Carlos Manuel , Hawkes Robert 
Published: June 2019

Summary
In this study we estimated the initial effective fracture pore volume (Vfi) and fracture volume loss (dVef) for 21 wells completed in the Montney and Eagle Ford formations. We also evaluated the relationship between dVef and choke size. First, we applied rate-decline analysis to water-flowback data of candidate wells to estimate the ultimate water recovery volume, approximated as Vfi. Second, we estimated dVef using a fracture compressibility relationship to evaluate the fracture volume loss of the Eagle Ford wells. Third, we investigated the effect of choke size on dVef for the Eagle Ford fastback and slowback wells.
Semilog plots of flowback water rate vs. cumulative water volume show straight-line trends, representing a harmonic decline. The estimated Vfi accounts for approximately 84 and 26% of the total injected water volume (TIV) of the Montney and Eagle Ford wells, respectively. The results show that approximately 10% of the fracture volume is lost during flowback. This loss in fracture volume predominantly happens during the early flowback and becomes minimal during the late flowback period. The results show a relatively higher dVef for fastback (a flowback process with a relatively large choke size) wells compared with that for slowback (a flowback process with a relatively small choke size) wells. In this study we proposed a method to estimate the initial fracture volume and investigated the loss in fracture volume during the flowback process. Analyses of the field data led to an improved understanding of the factors that control water flowback and the effective fracture volume.
Do Clerkship Schemes effectively improve Pharmacy Students’ Understanding of and Attitudes Regarding Pharmaceutical Care?——A pre-post Study in China Pharmaceutical University
Authors: Huang Yuankai , Yao Dongning , Zhang WeiWei , Wang Yitao , Yao Wenbing 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background Clerkship is potentially an effective measure of improving the pharmacy students’ understanding of and attitudes toward pharmaceutical care. This research aimed to validate the effectiveness of clerkship in improving clinical pharmacy students’ understanding of and attitudes toward pharmaceutical care.
Methods A pre-post and self-administrated questionnaire survey was conducted to measure fifth-year Chinese clinical pharmacy students’ differences in understanding of pharmaceutical care and attitudes toward pharmaceutical care before and after their clerkship schemes. Statistical analysis was conducted on the retrieved data.
Results 602 respondents completed the post-part survey (drop rate= 1.8%). Correct rates of all statements regarding students’ understanding of pharmaceutical care were generally increased, but the rates of respondents holding correct understanding of the primary goal of pharmaceutical care (71.9% to 85.0%), the necessity of drug information support in pharmaceutical care (77.1% to 87.5%) and the patients’ role and duty when receiving pharmaceutical care (66.1% to 70.6%) were unsatisfactory before the clerkship and the improvement was not significant. Most statements regarding students’ attitudes toward pharmaceutical care were improved in general. However, rates of respondents holding negative attitudes toward students performing pharmaceutical care during their clerkship (3.7% to 7.5%) and choosing pharmaceutical care provider as their career after clerkship schemes (10.8% to 14.8%) had increased after the clerkship schemes.
Conclusion Clerkship generally improves clinical pharmacy students' understanding of and attitudes toward pharmaceutical care, yet adjustments are also required in some contents of the clerkship for further improvements in its outcomes.
Do Poor Patients Suffer from Inaccurate Diagnoses More than Well-to-do Patients? A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Alwan Ibrahim Alwan Al , Magzoub Mohi Eldin Mohammed Ali , Haqwi Ali Al , Badri Motasim , Yousif Sarah Al , Babiker Amir , Mamede Silvia , Schmidt Henk 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

Poor patients have greater morbidity and die up to ten years earlier than patients who have higher socio-economic status. These findings are often attributed to differences in life-style between groups. The present study aimed at investigating the extent to which physicians contribute to the effect by providing relative poorer care, resulting in relative neglect in terms of time spent with a poor patient and more inaccurate diagnoses.

Methods

A randomised experiment with 45 internal medicine residents. Doctors diagnosed twelve written clinical vignettes that were exactly the same except for the description of the patients' socio-economic status. Each participant diagnosed four of the vignettes in a poor-patient version, four in a rich-patient version, and four in a version that did not contain socio-economic markers, in a balanced within-subjects incomplete block design. Main measurements were: diagnostic accuracy scores and time spent on diagnosis.

Results

Mean diagnostic accuracy scores (range 0-1) did not significantly differ among the conditions of the experiment (for poor patients: 0.48; for rich patients: 0.52; for patients without socio-economic markers: 0.54; p > 0.05). While confronted with patients not presenting with socio-economic background information, the participants spent significantly less time-to-diagnosis ((for poor patients: 168 seconds; for rich patients: 176 seconds; for patients without socio-economic markers: 151 seconds; p < 0.01), however due to the fact that the former vignettes were shorter.

Conclusion

There is no reason to believe that physicians are prejudiced against poor patients and therefore treat them differently from rich patients or patients without discernible socio-economic background.
Key words
Clinical reasoning Medical Errors Poor Rich
Prevalence and Correlates of Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients with hypertension in Rural Malawi
Authors: Kachimanga Chiyembekezo , Nazimera Lawrence , Ndarama Enoch , Kamwezi Richard , Thengo Limbani , Wroe Emily B , Talama George C 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with hypertension is very high in Africa. We investigated the prevalence and correlates of CKD in patients with hypertension attending longitudinal care in rural Malawi, where currently no data on prevalence of CKD in patients with hypertension exists.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed medical records of all hypertensive patients who were screened for CKD between January 2018 and April 2019. Screening was done using serum creatinine and CKD epidemiology formula was used to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). We used Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes definitions of renal insufficiency and CKD. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify correlates of CKD.

Results

During the study duration, 1197 patients with hypertension were screened for CKD. The mean creatinine and eGFR was 0.90 mg/dl (Confidence Interval (CI) 0.85-0.94 mg/dl) and 84.1 ml/min/1.73m2 (CI 82.7-85.4 ml/min/1.73m2) respectively. About half of the patients had a normal eGFR (48.3%, n=578) and 36.3% (n=435) had mildly decreased eGFR. The prevalence of renal insufficiency was 15.4% (CI 13.4-17.5, 184/1197) and the prevalence of CKD was 7.1% (CI 5.7-8.7%). By eGFR category in the CKD patients, 41.2% (n=35), 31.8% (n=27), 24.7% (n=21) and 2.3% (n=2) had CKD stage 3a, 3b, 4 and 5 respectively. CKD was strongly associated with age and diabetes.

Conclusions

We found moderately high renal insufficiency and CKD in this cohort. We propose investing in screening for CKD in patients with hypertension in other clinics in Malawi.
Using computational fluid dynamics to describe H2S mass transfer across the water–air interface in sewers
Authors: Teuber Katharina , Broecker Tabea , Bentzen Thomas Ruby , Stephan Dietmar , Nützmann Gunnar , Hinkelmann Reinhard 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
For the past 70 years, researchers have dealt with the investigation of odour in sewer systems caused by hydrogen sulphide formations and the development of approaches to describe it. The state-of-the-art models are one-dimensional. At the same time, flow and transport phenomena in sewers can be three-dimensional, for example the air flow velocities in circular pipes or flow velocities of water and air in the reach of drop structures. Within the past years, increasing computational capabilities enabled the development of more complex models. This paper uses a three-dimensional two-phase computational fluid dynamics model to describe mass transfer phenomena between the two phases: water and air. The solver has been extended to be capable of accounting account for temperature dependency, the influence of pH value and a conversion to describe simulated air phase concentrations as partial pressure. Its capabilities are being explored in different application examples and its advantages compared to existing models are demonstrated in a highly complex three-dimensional test case. The resulting interH2SFoam solver is a significant step in the direction of describing and analysing H2S emissions in sewers.
106-OR: Geminin Expression in Human Fetal Pancreas
Authors: BAEYENS LUC , SCHEEL DAVID W. , YANG KATHERINE , GERMAN MICHAEL 
Published: June 2019

Geminin (Gmnn) is a coiled-coil nuclear protein originally identified as a DNA replication inhibitor. In addition, nuclear Gmnn regulates gene expression by interacting (through a domain distinct from the Cdt1-interacting domain) with Brg1, the catalytic subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. In this context, Gmnn regulates expression of key transcription factors involved in differentiation. The dual role of Gmnn in the cell cycle and differentiation has been viewed as a critical mechanism for linking replication and differentiation. We wanted to test its role in human pancreas development. We found a robust Gmnn expression in the human fetal pancreas but its expression slightly decreased with age. Remarkably the fraction of cells expressing both Gmnn and Ki67 declined much faster with age. We isolated 13WD human fetal pancreas and studied the proportion of replicating Sox9+cells. We compared control human fetal explants with fetal explants transduced with a shRNA lentivirus directed against Gmnn (Gmnnsh) and discovered that Gmnnshexplants display a decrease in proliferation compared to controls after 2 days in culture. RNA sequencing comparing Gmnnshexplants to controls revealed a marked decrease in transcripts associated with endocrine differentiation. To evaluate the effects on endocrine differentiation, human fetal pancreases were isolated at 13WD and treated for 5 days with lentiviruses or casein kinase inhibitors. We detected a significant reduction in the number of insulin+cells after treatment with the casein kinase inhibitor TBB and a significant reduction in the number of glucagon+cells after treatment with TBB or after siCsnk2a1. Overexpression of Gmnn significantly increased the proportion of Neurog3+cells compared to the control explants.
Finally, we found that inhibition of Gmnn or casein kinase 2 was capable of significantly reducing expression of Nkx6.1 compared to controls. We conclude that Gmnn may play a critical role pancreas cell replication and endocrine specification in human development.

Disclosure
L. Baeyens: None. D.W. Scheel: None. K. Yang: None. M. German: Advisory Panel; Self; Encellin. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Encellin, Viacyte, Inc.

Funding
JDRF
1060-P: Effect of Dulaglutide and Long-Acting Insulin Combination Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: ITO KOHEI , SATOH SHINOBU , KONDO YOSHINOBU , TERAUCHI YASUO 
Published: June 2019

Objective: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1-RA) are assumed to decrease the number of injections and improve blood glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). We aimed to evaluate the effects of switching from multiple daily insulin injection therapy (MDI) to combination therapy involving a long-acting GLP-1-RA, dulaglutide, and long-acting insulin on glycemic control.
Methods: We examined patients with T2D who admitted to our department and underwent blood glucose management with MDI, followed by flash glucose monitoring. The treatment was subsequently switched to dulaglutide + long-acting insulin combination therapy. We evaluated the blood glucose excursion after MDI and 1 and 24 weeks after dulaglutide + long-acting insulin combination therapy. Furthermore, we evaluated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) after 12 and 24 weeks of dulaglutide + long-acting insulin combination therapy.
Results: We enrolled 20 patients (mean age: 68.6 ± 11.7 years; HbA1c value: 10.1% ± 2.8%; previous MDI: n = 4). Mean blood glucose levels after MDI and 1 and 24 weeks after dulaglutide + long-acting insulin combination therapy were 124.8 ± 35.6, 122.5 ± 30.4, and 119 ± 21.3 mg/dl, respectively. Blood glucose level was significantly lower 24 weeks after dulaglutide + long-acting insulin combination therapy than shortly after MDI (P = 0.0048). Furthermore, blood glucose excursion tended to decrease after switching to dulaglutide + long-acting insulin combination therapy. After 12 and 24 weeks of the switch, HbA1c value significantly decreased (−3.6% ± 0.78%, P = 0.0003 and −3.7% ± 0.78%, P = 0.0002, respectively).
Conclusions: The switch from MDI to dulaglutide + long-acting insulin combination therapy resulted in better blood glucose control, with reductions in blood glucose excursion and the number of self-injections; moreover, the effects continued for 24 weeks.

Disclosure
K. Ito: None. S. Satoh: None. Y. Kondo: None. Y. Terauchi: Advisory Panel; Self; AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited, Eli Lilly and Company, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Novo Nordisk A/S, Sanofi. Research Support; Self; Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited, Eli Lilly and Company, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Novo Nordisk A/S, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sanofi, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Astellas Pharma Inc., AstraZeneca, Bayer Yakuhin, Ltd., Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited, Eli Lilly and Company, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Novo Nordisk A/S, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sanofi, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd.
110-LB: The Comparison of Glycemic Remission and Nonremission Patients after Sitagliptin Combination with Short-Term Intensive Insulin Therapy
Authors: KE WEIJIAN , LIU LIEHUA , HE XIAOYING , LI YANBING 
Published: June 2019

Short-term intensive insulin therapy (IIT) could induce long-term glycemic remission. Sitagliptin increased endogenous GLP-1 content to achieved glucose control. The combination of sitagliptin with IIT might enhance the effect of improving alpha cell and beta cell function. 72 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients with hypoglycemic therapy naïve were enrolled, with 47.6±9.0 years in age, with BMI of 25.2±2.7 kg/m2, FPG of 11.1±3.4mmol/L, and HbA1c of 10.6±2.3%. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) were used as IIT, which were maintained for 14 days after patients achieving euglycemia. The treatment course of sitagliptin was 90 days. After cessation of sitagliptin, 45.8% of patients (33/72) achieved 1-year glycemic remission without any hypoglycemic medications. Compared the baseline of remission and non-remission groups, the baseline fasting plasma glucose (FPG) of remission group was lower (10.0±3.0 vs. 12.0±3.5mmol/L, p=0.012), but the levels of HbA1c, acute insulin response (AIR), HOMA-B and HOMA IR were not different between groups. After CSII cessation, FPG of remission group was still lower than non-remission group (5.8±0.8 vs. 6.9±1.1mmol/L, p&lt;0.001), beta cell function and insulin resistance were improved significantly(HOMA-B: 62.96(25.94) vs. 40.67(41.79), p=0.026; HOMA-IR: 1.56(0.54) vs. 1.74(0.99), p=0.003). Analyzed insulin dosage of the 14th day after achieving glycemic target, basal insulin dosage was lower in remission group (9.6±5.6IU/d, vs. 14.4±7.1IU/d, p=0.002).
In conclusion, lower levels of FPG at baseline and after IIT, less basal insulin usage during IIT, and better improvement of beta-cell function and insulin resistance suggested the possibility of glycemic remission after combination of IIT and sitagliptin therapy.

Disclosure
W. Ke: None. L. Liu: None. X. He: None. Y. Li: None.
1138-P: Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors Attenuate Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Levels
Authors: SHIMODA YOKO , OKADA JUNICHI , YAMADA EIJIRO , SAITO TSUGUMICHI , OKADA SHUICHI , YAMADA MASANOBU 
Published: June 2019

We have reported that a patient with painless thyroiditis induced by the cessation of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor was accompanied with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Given the lack of clarity regarding the possibility whether dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is) attenuates thyroid hormone levels, we compared thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels between patients with T2DM who were not prescribed DPP-4is and patients with T2DM who were prescribed DPP-4is. 12 patients were prescribed DPP-4is (DPP-4is group) and 33 patients were not prescribed DPP-4is (w/o DPP-4is group). TSH and FT4 levels were measured in all of these patients and TSH and FT4 levels were annually measured in all of patients in the current population for more than three years. The TSH levels in the DPP-4is group was significantly higher than those of w/o DPP-4is group (2.11 ±0.67 vs1.58 ±0.64 μIU/mL, mean ±standard deviation, reference range: 0.33~4.05, p= 0.0189). The FT4 levels in the DPP-4is group was not significantly different from those of w/o DPP-4is group (1.06 ±0.086 vs1.01 ±0.12 ng/dL, mean ±standard deviation, reference range: 0.97~1.69, p= 0.0189). The measured TSH and FT4 levels were normal range in all of subjects in this clinical study. Nevertheless, TSH levels in patients with T2DM prescribed DPP-4is was significantly higher than those of the patients with T2DM not prescribed DPP-4is although we did not see the difference in FT4 levels between two groups. Despite of the small sample size, this clinical study provides important information. One strength of the current study is that the TSH and FT4 levels were annually measured in all patients with T2DM in the current population for more than three years. DPP-4is might modulate TSH levels in the absence of Metformin and further investigates with large population were necessary whether we need to monitor thyroid function regularly when we prescribe DPP-4is for the patients with T2DM.

Disclosure
Y. Shimoda: None. J. Okada: None. E. Yamada: None. T. Saito: None. S. Okada: None. M. Yamada: None.