bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Contribution of Calcium to Changes in Leaf Anatomical Character of Oil Palm Seedlings (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) under Drought Stress
Authors: Sari Novi Yulanda , Putra Eka Tarwaca Susila 
Published: May 2019

The research was purposed (1) to know the effects of drought stress on changes in leaf anatomical character of oil palm seedlings (2) to know the contribution of calcium in cell compactness and increase the structural strength of leaf tissue so that oil palm seedlings were more tolerant to drought stress. This experiment was laid out following a split plot design with three blocks as replication. Main plot consists of drought stress levels, that are field capacity (FTSW 1.00), moderate drought stress (FTSW 0.35) and severe drought stress (FTSW 0.15). The fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) is a method for evaluating gradually increasing drought stress based on the amount of water loss due to transpiration. Meanwhile, subplot consists of four doses of calcium (Ca), that are of 0.0 g/seedlings, 0.04 g/seedlings, 0.08 g/seedlings, and 0.12 g/seedlings. Calcium fertilizer used is calcium sulfate (CaSO4) pure analysis. Leaf anatomical character was observed including the epidermal length and epidermal width; hypodermal length and hypodermal width; palisade cell length and palisade cell width; sponge cell length and sponge cell width; mesophyll tissue thickness; xylem and phloem diameter. The results showed that moderate and severe drought stress reduced epidermal cell length, upper hypodermal cell width, mesophyll thickness, palisade width and phloem diameter of leaf vessels. The applications of calcium to the leaf of oil palm seedlings under drought stresses were able to increased in the sponge cell length at a Ca dosage of 0.04 g/seedlings; increased lower hypodermal width and diameter phloem at a Ca dosage of 0.04 g/seedlings; and increased diameter xylem of leaves vessel at a Ca dosage of 0.12 g/seedlings.
PEMETAAN DEMOGRAFI DESA CIBURUY KECAMATAN PADALARANG KABUPATEN BANDUNG BARAT MELALUI KEGIATAN KULIAH KERJA NYATA
Authors: Rohaeti Euis Eti , Rahayu Galih Dani Septiyan 
Published: May 2019

Community development in a village certainly should start from the existing potentials in the village both the potential of human resources and natural resources potential. To view these potentials need for demographic mapping of a village. Therefore, in this study the demographic mapping of Ciburuy village was carried out through real work activities. The purpose of this study was to map the demographics of Ciburuy village and to see the relevance of the real work activities of STKIP Siliwangi programs in Ciburuy village. The method used in this study is the qualitative research method. Data collection is done directly using the observation sheet and questionnaire. Demographic status Ciburuy village viewed from various fields, namely the field of population, education, health, religion, social and culture is the right village to be used as a village area guided by STKIP Siliwangi. Potentials that exist in Ciburuy consists of potential natural resources such as situ ciburuy, plantations, agriculture, fisheries, and limestone mines. Potential local products such as comring business, bamboo carving, making aquariums, making tables and chairs from Olympic materials, and making sequins. There is relevance between the real work program of STKIP Siliwangi and programs at Ciburuy village.
Bimbingan Teknis Pengolahan Nilai Melalui Pemanfaatan Aplikasi Berbasis Ms.Excel Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Guru Dalam Mengolah Data Hasil Evaluasi Pembelajaran
Authors: Marlaise Iseu 
Published: May 2019

Penilaian merupakan salah satu cara untuk mengetahui tingkat ketercapaian tujuan pembelajaran bagi setiap komponen proses belajar mengajar. Dari Hasil Pengamatan yang dilakukan oleh peneliti tentang Kemampuan Guru Dalam Mengolah Data Hasil Evaluasi Pembelajaran, dapat diketahui bahwa kemampuan guru dalam hal ini belum optimal. Guru seringkali masih menemukan kesulitan dalam pengolahan hasil evaluasi, terutama yang menggunakan aplikasi komputer. Guna mengatasi masalah tersebut perlu diadakannya suatu bimbingan untuk mengatasinya.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) Untuk mengetahui Apakah kegiatan bimbingan teknis pengolahan nilai melalui pemanfaatan aplikasi berbasis MS.excel, dapat meningkatkan kemampuan guru dalam mengolah data hasil evaluasi pembelajaran, 2) Untuk mendeskripsikan proses peningkatan kemampuan guru dalam mengolah data hasil evaluasi pembelajaran, setelah diadakannya kegiatan bimbingan teknis pengolahan nilai melalui pemanfaatan aplikasi berbasis MS.excel, 3) Untuk mengetahui seberapa besar peningkatan kemampuan guru dalam mengolah data hasil evaluasi pembelajaran, setelah diadakannya kegiatan bimbingan teknis pengolahan nilai melalui pemanfaatan aplikasi berbasis MS.excel. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan sekolah yang meliputi 2 siklus tindakan. Dalam satu siklus terdapat masing-masing satu tindakan. Setiap siklus terdapat berbagai instrumen yang berfungsi sebagai refleksi pada siklus berikutnya. Subjek penelitian ini adalah guru Di SD Negeri Cibabat Mandiri 2Kecamatan Cimahi Utara Kota Cimahi Semester 1 Tahun Pelajaran 2018-2019. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan lembar observasi, wawancara, tes hasil belajar, studi dokumentasi dan dokumen analisis data. Penelitian dimulai sejak bulan Juli 2018 sampai Desember 2018.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa bimbingan teknis mampu meningkatkan kemampuan guru dalam mengolah hasil evaluasi menggunakan MS.Excel, yang dilaksanakan pada guru-guru SD Negeri Cibabat Mandiri 2 Kecamatan Cimahi Utara Kota Cimahi Semester 1 Tahun Pelajaran 2018-2019.
City image based on mental maps — the case study of Szczecin (Poland)
Authors: Osóch Barbara , Czaplińska Anna 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Perception of space is an especially important part of research on urban fabric. The perception of a city is strongly correlated not only with a specific time and place but, first and foremost, with surveyed populations who, apart from having varying demographic features, frequently represent disparate community and cultural profiles.
The objective of this study was to assess how the urban space of Szczecin (Poland) is perceived by its inhabitants and to ascertain the relations between various image elements. The example of Szczecin appears to be interesting, in as much as it is a peripheral city of a cross-border region with a historically and culturally diverse local community. The presented research used a method of analysing mental (image) maps based on the methodology proposed by Kevin Lynch (1960) and modified by the authors to incorporate in-depth interviews. Individual respondents’ views were used to create a synthetic image of the city.
Delayed hypoglycemic effect of insulin overdose in a diabetic child: a case report
Authors: Noaim Khalid Al , Babiker Amir , Mutair Angham Al , Atawi Mohsen Al , Dubayee Mohammed Al , Juraibah Fahad Al , Alwan Ibrahim Al 
Published: May 2019

Background:
Insulin overdose can result in fatal hypoglycemia. We report on a diabetic child who received an unintentional insulin overdose.

Case Presentation:
A 13-year-old girl with type 1 diabetes, who was on insulin pump therapy, developed high blood glucose (BG) level due to pump malfunction. She gave herself 7 ml (700 units) instead of seven units by an error. She presented to hospital 2 hours later when this was recognized. The initial BG in the emergency room was 13.9 mmol/l. A dextrose infusion was started 6 hours after the insulin injections when her BG dropped significantly before it reached a lowest level of 3.3 mmol/l, 9 hours after the event. It was only possible to discontinue this infusion 15 hours after insulin injections when BG was stable.

Conclusion:
Hypoglycemia could be delayed in insulin overdose in diabetic children. This may necessitate prolonged monitoring beyond the usual half-life of insulin.
Induksi Kalus Tanaman Puspa (Schima wallichii (DC.) Korth) dengan Penambahan Beberapa Konsentrasi Benzyl Amino Purin (BAP) dan 2,4-Diklorofenoksiasetat (2,4-D)
Authors: Meli Husri , Noli Zozy Aneloi , Suwirmen Suwirmen 
Published: May 2019

The research about Callus Induction of Puspa (Schima wallichii (DC.) Korth) with several concentrations addition of Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetid acid (2,4-D) had been done from October until November 2016 at Plant Physiology dan Tissue Culture Laboratory, Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Andalas University. The aim of this researh is to get the combination of 2,4-D and BAP to induce the best callus of Schima wallichii. This research used a Completely Randomized Design Method with 10 treatments and 3 replications. The result showed that combination of 2 ppm 2,4-D + 0,75 ppm BAP was the best concentration to induce callus of Schima wallichii.
Karakter Morfologi dan Sitologi Bunga Pepaya Merah Delima
Authors: Noflindawati Noflindawati , Anwar Aswaldi , Yusniwati Yusniwati , Sutanto Agus 
Published: May 2019

The papaya plant has three types of flowering, male flowers, female flowers, and perfect flower (hermaphrodite). The difference in interest affects the shape of the resulting fruit. This study aimed to characterize morphology and cytology of papaya flowers. The study was conducted in Tropical Fruit Research Institute at Solok and Laboratory of SPT at the Biology Department of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Andalas University, Padang, West Sumatra. The research material uses papaya flowers Merah Delima variety from KP. Aripan Balitbu Troipka. The results showed the male flowers of male plants were smaller than the male flowers of the perfect plant. The difference of hermaphrodite flower of pentandria with hermaphrodite elongata flower, among others, the number of stamens, the length of the stem and the size of the ovary. Hermaphrodite pentandria has a number of stamens 5 while elongata has stamens 10
Paku Kawat Lycopodiella cernua (L.) Pic. Serm. (Lycopdiaceae-Lycopodiales) dari Provinsi Riau – Kajian Morfologi dan Sekuen DNA berdasarkan Primer RBCL
Authors: Sofiyanti Nery , Isda Mayta Novaliza 
Published: May 2019

Moss club (Lycopodiella cernua) is one of fern members distributed in Riau Province. The aimed of this study were to characterized the morphological characters and to analized its DNA sequence based on rbcl primer. Samples were collected from the field, documented and characterized the morphological charaters. DNA were isolated and amplified using PCR method and rbcl primer. DNA sequnces were then analized using BLAST Lycopodiella cernua collected from Riau Province was characterized by having creeping and erect rhizome that covered by microphyl, and terminal strobili. Rbcl fragmen of Lycopodiella cernua was sucssesfully amplified with 643 bp length. BLAST result confirmed the rbcl fragmen of this club moss.
Induksi Embriogenesis Somatik Pada Anggrek Vanda Sumatrana Schltr. dengan Penambahan Beberapa Konsentrasi Asam 2,4-Diklorofenoksiasetat (2,4-D)
Authors: Astuti Anita Tri , Noli Zozy Aneloi , Suwirmen Suwirmen 
Published: May 2019

The research about induction of somatic embryogenesis of Orchid Vanda sumatrana Schltr. by giving 2,4-Diclorophenoxiacetic acid (2,4-D), was conducted from May to July 2016 in plant Physiology and tissue Culture Laboratory, Biology Departement, Matematics and Natural Science Faculty, Andalas University. The aim of this study was found the concentration of 2,4-D to induce somatic embryogenesis of Vanda sumatrana. The research used Completely Randomized Resign (CDR) with 6 treatments and 4 replication. The treatments were : without 2,4-D (control); 1 mg/L; 2 mg/L; 3 mg/L; 4 mg/L; 5 mg/L. The result showed that 2 mg/L 2,4-D and 3 mg/L 2,4-D were concentrations to induct somatic embryogenesis.
Effectiveness of Foot Orthoses Versus Corticosteroid Injection for Plantar Heel Pain: The SOOTHE Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Whittaker Glen A. , Munteanu Shannon E. , Menz Hylton B. , Gerrard James M. , Elzarka Ayman , Landorf Karl B. 
Published: May 2019

Background Plantar heel pain is a common foot complaint that causes significant disability and poorer health-related quality of life. Foot orthoses and corticosteroid injection are effective treatments for plantar heel pain; however, it is unclear whether one is more effective than the other. Objective The aim of this trial was to compare the effectiveness of foot orthoses and corticosteroid injection for plantar heel pain. Methods In this parallel-group, assessor-blinded, randomized clinical trial, participants received prefabricated, arch-contouring foot orthoses or a single ultrasound-guided corticosteroid injection. The primary outcome measure was the foot pain subscale of the Foot Health Status Questionnaire at 4 and 12 weeks. Results One hundred three participants aged 21 to 72 years (63 female) with plantar heel pain were recruited from the community and received an intervention. For the primary outcome of foot pain, corticosteroid injection was more effective at week 4 (adjusted mean difference, 8.2 points; 95% confidence interval: 0.6, 15.8 points). However, foot orthoses were more effective at week 12 (adjusted mean difference, 8.5 points; 95% confidence interval: 0.2, 16.8 points). Although these findings were statistically significant, the differences between the interventions did not meet the previously calculated minimal important difference value of 12.5 points. Conclusion Corticosteroid injection is more effective than foot orthoses at week 4, but this effect does not last; and appropriately contoured foot orthoses are more effective than corticosteroid injection at week 12. However, patients may not notice a clinically worthwhile difference between the interventions. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 1b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2019;49(7):491–500. Epub 26 May 2019. doi:10.2519/jospt.2019.8807
Multilayer, locality aware, telecommunication network deployment algorithm
Authors: Roman Luis M. , Salcedo Ante , Vilchis Miguel Alonso 
Published: May 2019

Purpose – In this paper we propose an iterative approach for the deployment of rural telecommunication networks.
Methodology/approach/design – This approach relies heavily on the concept of locality, prioritizing small ‘cells’ with a considerable population density, and exploits the natural nesting of the distribution of rural communities, focusing in communities which are populous enough to justify the investment required to provide them with connectivity, and whose sheer size promotes the formation of ‘satellite’ communities that could be benefited from the initial investment at a marginal expense. For this approach, the concept of ‘cells’ is paramount, which are constructed iteratively based on the contour of a Voronoi tessellation centered on the community of interest. Once the focal community has been ‘connected’ with network of the previous layer, the process is repeated with less populous communities at each stage until a coverage threshold has been reached. One of the main contributions of this methodology is that it makes every calculation based on ‘street distance’ instead of Euclidean, giving a more realistic approximate of the length of the network and hence the amount of the investment. To test our results, we ran our experiments on two segregated communities in one of the most complicated terrains, due to the mountain chains, in the state of Chiapas, Mexico.
Findings – The results suggest that the use of ‘street distance’ and a local approach leads to the deployment of a remarkably different network than the standard methodology would imply.
Practical implications – The results of this paper might lead to a significant reduction in the costs associated with these kinds of projects and therefore make the democratization of connectivity a reality. In order to make our results reproducible, we make all our code open and publicly available on GitHub.
TINJAUAN HUKUM PERBEDAAN PENGALIHAN HAK PATEN DENGAN PERJANJIAN LISENSI PADA HUKUM PERDATA
Authors: Ramli Tasya Safiranita , Putri Sherly Ayuna 
Published: May 2019

AbstrakPengertian Paten adalah bagian dari Hak Kekayaan Intelektual, yang dalam kerangka ini termasuk dalam kategori hak kekayaan perindustrian (Industrial Property Right). Hak Kekayaan Intelektual itu sendiri merupakan bagian dari benda yaitu benda tidak berwujud (benda immateril). Pengertian benda secara yuridis adalah segala sesuatu yang dapat menjadi objek hak. Sedangkan yang dapat menjadi objek hak itu tidah hanya benda berwujud tetapi juga benda tidakÂ berwujud.Paten merupakan salah satu bagian dari kekayaan intelektual. Paten adalah hak eksklusif yang diberikan oleh negara kepada inventor atas hasil invensinya di bidang teknologi untuk jangka waktu tertentu melaksanakan sendiri invensi tersebut atau memberikan persetujuan kepada pihak lain untuk melaksanakannya. Dalam hal ini paten sangat mendorong bagi hak paten dapat beralih atau dialihkan baik seluruhnya maupun sebagian karena pewarisan, hibah, wasiat, wakaf, perjanjian tertulis, atau sebab lainnya berdasarkan ketentuan peraturan perundang â€“ undangan yang berlaku. Sedangkan Lisensi adalahÂ izinÂ yang diberikan oleh Pemegang Paten, baik yang bersifat eksklusif maupun non-eksklusif, kepada penerima lisensi berdasarkan perjanjian tertulisÂ untuk menggunakan Paten yang masih dilindungiÂ dalam jangka waktu dan syarat tertentu.Berbeda dari pengalihan Paten yang kepemilikan haknya juga beralih,Â Lisensi melalui suatu perjanjian pada dasarnya hanya bersifat pemberian hak untuk menikmati manfaat ekonomi dari PatenÂ dalam jangka waktu dan syarat tertentu. Sehingga, Perjanjian Lisensi dapat mencakup semua atau sebagian perbuatan. Pemegang Paten dalam hal ini tetap berhak melaksanakan sendiri Patennya, kecuali diperjanjikan lain. lisensi merupakan sebuat kontrak perjanjian dari dua entitas bisnis usaha yang diberikan kepada seseorang yang memegang lisensi untuk paten, merek dan hak milik lainnya dalam suatu pertukaran biaya atau royalti. Menurut mereka lisensi juga dapat memungkinkan untuk ketrampilan, keuntungan, modal, ataupun kapasitas lain. Lisensi sendiri biasanya digunakan oleh para produsen untuk masuk di pasar negeri lain yang mana mereka tidak memiliki suatu keahlian.Â LisensiÂ adalah suatu perjanjian untuk memberikan hak milik ataupun hak istimewa kepada seseorang untuk melakukan produksi dan menggunakan sesuatu,. Dalam hal ini tidak termasuk dengan hak melakukan penjualan langsung. Selain itu masih ada arti kata lisensi yang mengatakan bahwa lisensi merupakan suatu izin yang diberikan seorang pejabat yang berwenang, yang mana suatu perbuatan yang tanpa izin tersebut akan dianggap sebagai pelanggaran. Hal ini membuat lisensi sebagai kewenangan yang diberikan dalam bentuk hak untuk melakukan sesuatu.Kata Kunci : Invensi, Lisensi, Paten, Perjanjian, dan Hak Milik.Â
URGENSI PERAN DAN FUNGSI PERBANKAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN USAHA, MIKRO, KECIL DAN MENENGAH DI INDONESIA
Authors: Dharmajaya Agung 
Published: May 2019

AbstrakÂ Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) merupakan stimulan perekonomian pada negara berkembang, khususnya pada saat krisis ekonomi. UMKM memegang peranan penting dalam meningkatkan kegiatan ekonomi masyarakat. Pada konteks tersebut, maka dukungan terhadap UMKM khususnya dalam pembiayaan oleh perbankan menjadi hal yang sangat krusial sebagai usaha meningkatan UMKM di Indonesia.Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui peran dan fungsi apa saja yang telah dilakukan perbankan dalam meningkatkan UMKM di Indonesia. Adapun penelitian ini menggunakan data kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif analitis.Kontribusi Perbankan dalam meningkatkan UMKM telah menjadi fokus bersama antara sektor pemerintah, perbankan dan pelaku UMKM. Berbagai regulasi dalam rangka mendukung penyaluran pembiayaan kepada UMKM dipermudah melalui perbantuan kebijakan Bank Sentral terhadap perbankan. Hal yang menjadi persoalan yaitu terkait peran dan fungsi perbankan terhadap UMKM dalam memenuhi tanggung jawabnya, khususnya kaitan penyaluran kredit dalam operasionalisasi UMKM. Persoalan yang terjadi yaitu ketika NPL yang masih di atas 3% menjadikan Perbankan berhati-hati dalam pemberian kredit pada UMKM. Pada konteks tersebut penelitian ini menemukan pentingnya sinergiritas antara seluruh pelaku dalam rangka mengoptimalkan peran dan fungsi perbankan dalam rangka meningkatkan kualtias dan kuantitas UMKM di Indonesia.Â Kata Kunci: Kredit, UMKM dan Perbankan
TINJAUAN YURIDIS TINDAKAN DELISTING OLEH BURSA EFEK INDONESIA DAN PERLINDUNGAN PEMEGANG SAHAM (STUDI KASUS: PT. BERAU COAL ENERGY, Tbk.)
Authors: Sitorus Louise Ruselis 
Published: May 2019

A public-listed company essentially is required to be aware of all of its consequences and obligations inter alia protecting the interests of minority shareholders, conducting information disclosure and acting in accordance with relevant national laws and regulations. If such obligations are neglected, the company may jeopardize its existence in the stock exchange listing. It may be delisted. A delisted company has obligations to convey delisting decision to their investors as information disclosure and acting in accordance with relevant national laws and regulations. However, a delisted company does not automatically turn its status from public-listed company to Private Company. As long as the company runs with fulfilled requirements to become a public-listed company, it still bears the aforementioned obligations.Â There is a wrong assumption that a delisted company will be harm the shareholders. delisting company prevents an even greater loss of investors from letting investors invest in unprofitable companies. Whereas investors invest their shares with the aim to gain profits. Investors can also make various efforts to get protection.Â Keywords: Capital Market, Delisting, Public-Listed Company
PENTINGNYA MEREK BAGI PELAKU USAHA MIKRO, KECIL DAN MENENGAH DI JAWA BARAT
Authors: Permata Rika Ratna , Safiranita Tasya , Utama Biondy 
Published: May 2019

Abstrak
Dewasa ini pelaku usaha berlomba-lomba membangun sebuah brand. Alasannya adalah semakin positif citra sebuah brand di masyarakat maka brand tersebut akan mempengaruhi tingkat pembelian masyarakat terhadap brand tersebut. Brand menjadi salah satu faktor pertimbangan masyarakat untuk membeli suatu produk barang atau jasa. Umumnya masyarakat cenderung membeli produk yang masuk ke dalam tingkatan teratas dalam suatu survey brand.
Membangun sebuah brand bukanlah usaha yang mudah, diperlukan usaha maupun modal yang tidak sedikit demi membangun citra yang kuat dalam masyarakat. Akan menjadi sangat tidak adil bila brand yang telah dibangun dengan susah payah ditiru oleh pelaku usaha yang tidak bertanggung jawab. Pelaku usaha membutuhkan sebuah perlindungan hukum atas brand yang telah dibangunnya agar terhindar dari perbuatan curang yang mengarah ke persaingan usaha curang.
Pranata hukum merek dibuat untuk memberikan perlindungan atas suatu brand yang ditempelkan pada suatu barang atau jasa yang diperdagangkan. Pranata tersebut memberikan hak eksklusif bagi pemegang merek dalam menggunakan brand tersebut.
Kata Kunci : Brand, Hukum, Merek, Perlindungan, dan Usaha.