bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cord milking versus immediate clamping in preterm infants: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: El-Naggar Walid , Simpson David , Hussain Arif , Armson Anthony , Dodds Linda , Warren Andrew , Whyte Robin , McMillan Douglas 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveTo investigate whether umbilical cord milking (UCM) at birth improves systemic blood flow and short-term outcomes, as compared with immediate cord clamping (ICC).DesignRandomised clinical trial.SettingSingle tertiary care centre.PatientsInfants born to eligible women presenting in preterm labour between 24 and 31 weeks’ gestation.InterventionsUCM three times at birth or ICC.Outcome measuresPrimary outcome included systemic blood flow as represented by echo-derived superior vena cava(SVC) flow at 4–6 hours after birth. The echocardiographer and interpreter were blinded to the randomisation. Secondary outcomes included cardiac output, neonatal morbidities and mortality. Analysis was by intention to treat.ResultsA total of 73 infants were randomised (37 to UCM and 36 to ICC). Mean (SD) gestational age was 27 (2) weeks and mean (SD) birth weight was 1040 (283) g. Haemoglobin on admission was higher in the UCM than in the ICC group (16.1 vs 15.0 g/L), p=0.049 (mean difference 1.1, 95% CI 0.003 to 2.2). No statistically significant differences were found between groups in SVC flow at 4–6 hours (88.9±37.8 and 107.3±60.1 mL/kg/min), p=0.13 (mean difference −18.4, 95% CI −41.7 to 5.0 mL/kg/min) or at 10–12 hours of age (102.5±41.8 and 90.6±28.4 mL/kg/min), p=0.17 (mean difference 12.0, 95% CI −4.7 to 28.7 mL/kg/min), cardiac output or neonatal morbidities.ConclusionsCord milking was not shown to improve functional cardiac outcomes, neonatal morbidity or mortality. More research is needed before routine cord milking can be recommended for very preterm infants.Trial registrationNCT01487187.
Public Order, National Security and the Rights of Third-Country Nationals in Immigration Cases
Authors: Chlebny Jacek 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The objective of the article is to highlight the impact of the public order and national security concerns on immigration cases in the Member States. The most common categories of the administrative acts that are relevant to the topic are visa decisions, refusal of entry, entry bans, all types of decisions on granting a residence permit (permanent or temporary) and return decisions. The first part of the article is devoted to the institutional capacity in the field of immigration cases. The second part deals with the substantive law challenges and the third part focuses on the procedural law challenges, in particular access to classified evidence in immigration cases.
Dynamics of the Transition from Spiral Rainbands to a Secondary Eyewall in Hurricane Earl (2010)
Authors: Didlake Anthony C. , Reasor Paul D. , Rogers Robert F. , Lee Wen-Chau 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Airborne Doppler radar captured the inner core of Hurricane Earl during the early stages of secondary eyewall formation (SEF), providing needed insight into the SEF dynamics. An organized rainband complex outside of the primary eyewall transitioned into an axisymmetric secondary eyewall containing a low-level tangential wind maximum. During this transition, the downshear-left quadrant of the storm exhibited several notable features. A mesoscale descending inflow (MDI) jet persistently occurred across broad stretches of stratiform precipitation in a pattern similar to previous studies. This negatively buoyant jet traveled radially inward and descended into the boundary layer. Farther inward, enhanced low-level inflow and intense updrafts appeared. The updraft adjacent to the MDI was likely triggered by a region of convergence and upward acceleration (induced by the negatively buoyant MDI) entering the high-θe boundary layer. This updraft and the MDI in the downshear-left quadrant accelerated the tangential winds in a radial range where the axisymmetric wind maximum of the secondary eyewall soon developed. This same quadrant eventually exhibited the strongest overturning circulation and wind maximum of the forming secondary eyewall. Given these features occurring in succession in the downshear-left quadrant, we hypothesize that the MDI plays a significant dynamical role in SEF. The MDI within a mature rainband complex persistently perturbs the boundary layer, which locally forces enhanced convection and tangential winds. These perturbations provide steady low-level forcing that projects strongly onto the axisymmetric field, and forges the way for secondary eyewall development via one of several SEF theories that invoke axisymmetric dynamical processes.
Assessing the Robustness of Future Extreme Precipitation Intensification in the CMIP5 Ensemble
Authors: Bador Margot , Donat Markus G. , Geoffroy Olivier , Alexander Lisa V. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA warming climate is expected to intensify extreme precipitation, and climate models project a general intensification of annual extreme precipitation in most regions of the globe throughout the twenty-first century. We investigate the robustness of this future intensification over land across different models, regions, and seasons and evaluate the role of model interdependencies in the CMIP5 ensemble. Strong similarities in extreme precipitation changes are found between models that share atmospheric physics, turning an ensemble of 27 models into around 14 projections. We find that future annual extreme precipitation intensity increases in the majority of models and in the majority of land grid cells, from the driest to the wettest regions, as defined by each model’s precipitation climatology. The intermodel spread is generally larger over wet than over dry regions, smaller in the dry season compared to the wet season and at the annual scale, and largely reduced in extratropical compared to tropical regions and at the global scale. For each model, the future increase in annual and seasonal maximum daily precipitation amounts exceeds the range of simulated internal variability in the majority of land grid cells. At both annual and seasonal scales, however, there are a few regions where the change is still within the background climate noise, but their size and location differ between models. In extratropical regions, the signal-to-noise ratio of projected changes in extreme precipitation is particularly robust across models because of a similar change and background climate noise, whereas projected changes are less robust in the tropics.
Sleep apnoea in the asymptomatic elderly: a real issue for the brain?
Authors: Celle Sébastien , Boutet Claire , Annweiler Cédric , Barthélémy Jean-Claude , Roche Frédéric 
Published: June 2018

The link between sleep apnoea and brain structure is unclear; although dysfunction of the hippocampus, middle temporal gyrus and brainstem/cerebellum have been observed previously. However, this link has been little explored in elderly subjects. The aim of this study was to explore the link between sleep apnoea and the brain in an elderly population.226 asymptomatic elderly subjects (age mean±sd75.3±0.9 years, range 72.3–77.8 years) from the PROOF (Evaluation of Ageing, Autonomic Nervous System Activity and Cardiovascular Events) cohort study were explored using linear voxel-based or cortical thickness with apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI; mean±sd15.9±11.5 events·h−1, range 6–63.6 events·h−1) as a covariate of main interest. The brain volumes of 20 control subjects, 18 apnoeic (AHI >29 events·h−1) treated patients and 20 apnoeic untreated patients from this population were compared using voxel-based morphometry, cortical thickness or surface-based analyses.AHI was not associated with any change in local brain volume, cortical thickness or cortex surface. Control subjects, apnoeic treated and untreated patients were not different in terms of local brain volume, cortical thickness or surface.In a specific population of asymptomatic elderly healthy subjects, sleep apnoea does not seem to be associated with a change in local brain volume or in cortical thickness.
Diagnosed depression and sociodemographic factors as predictors of mortality in patients with dementia
Authors: Lewis Gemma , Werbeloff Nomi , Hayes Joseph F. , Howard Robert , Osborn David P. J. 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundPotentially modifiable risk factors for developing dementia have been identified. However, risk factors for increased mortality in patients with diagnosed dementia are not well understood. Identifying factors that influence prognosis would help clinicians plan care and address unmet needs.AimsTo investigate diagnosed depression and sociodemographic factors as predictors of mortality in patients with dementia in UK secondary clinical care services.MethodWe conducted a cohort study of patients with a dementia diagnosis in an electronic health records database in a UK National Health Service mental health trust.ResultsIn 3374 patients with 10 856 person-years of follow-up, comorbid depression was not associated with mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 0.94; 95% CI 0.71–1.24). Single patients had higher mortality than those who were married (adjusted hazard ratio 1.25; 95% CI 1.03–1.50). Patients of Asian ethnicity had lower mortality rates than White British patients (adjusted hazard ratio 0.50; 95% CI 0.34–0.73).ConclusionsClinically diagnosed depression does not increase mortality in patients with dementia. Patients who are single are a potential high-mortality risk group. Lower mortality rates in Asian patients with dementia that have been reported in the USA also apply in the UK.Declaration of interestNone.
Challenges to Reshape the Future of Type 1 Diabetes Research
Authors: Bleich David , Wagner David H 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Context
Immunotherapy trials to prevent type 1 diabetes have been unsuccessful for >15 years. Understanding pitfalls and knowledge gaps in the immunology of type 1 diabetes should lead us in new directions that will yield better trial outcomes. A proposal is made for precision medicine trial design in future type 1 diabetes studies.

Evidence Acquisition
High-quality peer-reviewed basic science and clinical research trials for type 1 diabetes were used in this Perspective article. Type 1 diabetes publications were reviewed from 2000 to 2018 by using Google Scholar and PubMed reference databases.

Evidence Synthesis
Personalized medicine for type 1 diabetes should recognize that each individual has phenotypic and genotypic quirks that distinguish them from other study participants. A uniform protocol for antigen-specific immunotherapy has consistently failed to prevent disease. An alternative approach using molecular tools to personalize the preventive treatment strategy might be a road forward for type 1 diabetes research. Assumptions or lack of knowledge about disease stratification (not all type 1 diabetes is the same disease), individualized antigen-specific T cells, regulatory T-cell populations, and T-cell receptor rearrangement are just a few aspects of immunology that require integration with clinical trial design.

Conclusions
The type 1 diabetes research community continues to bring forward novel immunotherapy trials to prevent disease, but this approach is unlikely to succeed until several fundamental aspects of clinical immunology are recognized and addressed. Here, we identify several knowledge gaps that could rectify type 1 diabetes trial design and lead to future success.
Beyond the page: Crowdsourcing as a case study for digital screenwriting techniques
Authors: Finnegan John 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Research has shown how the practice of screenwriting has always been affected by technological shifts. These moments in history both mirror the current state of digital screen production and provide a rationale for debating the twenty-first-century changes in screenwriting practices. The origin of the screenplay form is linked to the evolution of the cinema apparatus and though many sectors of cinema have benefited from a migration into the digital realm, the field of screenwriting practice has been slow to follow. In Screenwriting in a Digital Era (2014), Kathryn Millard draws parallels between the screenplay and other forms of visual storytelling and describes screenwriting as a multimodal craft. Changing production practices combined with recent shifts in independent film production demonstrated how screenwriters incorporate new and unconventional methods of communicating what Ian W. MacDonald refers to as the ‘screen idea’ into their work. Kickstarter fundraising campaigns, as one example, is one such method of communicating the screen idea through multi modal methods. An analysis of these campaigns reveals a surprising lack of attention given to the screenplay, instead relying on social media blurbs, visual pitch trailers, conceptual artwork and a multitude of other media. This paper will present a case study based on a short film, Still Life (Mac Coille, 2014), that used a crowdfunding campaign in its production, which included a combination of the screenplay and visual aids, such as conceptual artwork and a pitch trailer. The thesis of this article will be further bolstered by other examples that support the hypothesis that future screenwriting practices will include these new technologies and methods as a mainstay.
Biodiversitas Krustasea (Decapoda, Brachyura, Macrura) dari Ekspedisi Perairan Kendari 2011 (Biodiversity of Crustacean (Decapoda, Brachyura, Macrura) from Kendari Waters Expedition 2011)
Authors: Pratiwi Rianta , Astuti Oce 
Published: June 2018

Walaupun wilayah laut dan pesisir sangat penting untuk kehidupan rakyat dan bangsa Indonesia, secara nyata perairan Kendari belum digarap secara optimal, terutama kondisi dan potensi perikanan, khususnya kepadatan dan keanekaragaman krustasea. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan dan mengidentifikasi potensi sumber daya laut di pulau-pulau kecil disekitar perairan Kendari. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara koleksi bebas menyusuri mangrove. Data yang diambil dari penelitian ini adalah data krustacea non ekomomis dan ekonomis serta data pendukung lingkungan (suhu, pH dan salinitas). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan parameter lingkungan di beberapa lokasi masih relatif baik untuk kehidupan krustasea di daerah mangrove. Diperoleh 377 individu, 15 jenis, 12 famili dan 1 ordo individu krustasea. Kepadatan krustasea di setiap lokasi berbeda-beda. Indeks keanekaragaman (1,121-3,744) dan indeks keseragaman (0.360-0.610) termasuk sedang, yang menggambarkan bahwa penyebaran individu relatif sama serta indeks dominansi pada penelitian ini termasuk tinggi (0,190-0,620). Dengan diperolehnya data keanekaragaman krustasea di perairan Kendari sudah sepatutnya harus lebih dicermati lagi kondisi lingkungan dan keberadaan krustasea secara periodik karena krustasea merupakan salah satu rantai makanan yang juga penting di dalam ekosistem pesisir. Kata kunci: Krustasea, keanekaragaman, mangrove, perairan KendariAlthough the marine and coastal areas are very important for the life of the people and nation of Indonesia, Kendari waters significantly have not worked optimally, especially the condition and potential of fisheries, particularly the density and diversity of crustaceans. This study aims to reveal and identify the potential of marine resources in small islands around the waters of Kendari. Research carried out by way of free collection along the mangrove. Data from this study are from non economical, economical crustaceans and environmental data (temperature, pH and salinity) as well as to supporting the environmental. The results shows several areas of environmental parameters is still relatively good for the life of crustaceans in mangrove areas. Provided 377 individuals, 15 species, 12 families and 1 order of individual krustaseans. Krustasean densities at each location is different. Diversity index (1.121-3.744) and Similarity index (0,360-0,610) catagories in medium grade, which illustrates that the spread of crustacea is relatively the same. Index of dominance in this study was high (0.190-0.620). By obtaining data of diversity crustaceans in the waters of Kendari, should be more rutiny and should have been more better protecting the environmental conditions and also the presence of crustaceans periodically because crustaceans are one of the food chain are also important in the coastal ecosystem.Key words: Crustaceans, diversity, mangrove forests, waters Kendari
Regional and Seasonal Differences in Species Composition and Trophic Groups for Tidepool Fishes of a Western Pacific Island – Taiwan
Authors: Wen Colin K. C. , Chen Li-Shu , Shao Kwang-Tsao 
Published: June 2018

Spatial and temporal variations in the species composition of assemblages are common in many marine organisms, including fishes. Variations in the fish species composition of subtidal coral reefs have been well documented, however much less is known about such differences for intertidal fish assemblages. This is surprising, given that intertidal fishes are more vulnerable to terrestrial human disturbances. It is critical to evaluate the ecology and biology of intertidal fishes before they are severely impacted by coastal development, especially in developing countries such as those in the tropical western Pacific region where coastal development is rapidly increasing. In this study, we investigated the species composition, abundance, biomass and species number (richness) for intertidal fish assemblages in subtropical (northern) and tropical (southern) Taiwan across four seasons by collecting fishes from tidepools using clove oil. We also examined the gut contents of collected fishes to identify their trophic functional groups in order to investigate regional and seasonal variations for different trophic groups. We found significant differences in the species composition of tidepool fish assemblages between subtropical and tropical Taiwan. Bathygobius fuscus, Abudefduf vaigiensis and Istiblennius dussumieri were dominant species in subtropical Taiwan, whereas Bathygobius coalitus, Abudefduf septemfasciatus and Istiblennius lineatus were dominant in tropical Taiwan. Other species such as Bathygobius cocosensis, Abudefduf sordidus and Istiblennius edentulus were common in both regions. For trophic groups, omnivores and detritivores had or showed trends towards higher species numbers and abundances in the subtropical region, whereas herbivores, planktivores and general carnivores had or showed trends towards higher species numbers and biomass in the tropical region. Overall, many intertidal fish species and trophic groups showed differences in abundance, biomass and species number between subtropical and tropical Taiwan. Further studies on large scale geographical gradients in trophic groups and species compositions in the Indo-west Pacific region are encouraged to assist with ecosystem monitoring and assessment. Keywords: Intertidal fishes, spatio-temporal pattern, feeding guild, diet
Spatial and Seasonal Distribution of Cadmium and Lead in Sediment, Water and Its Response of Metal Transcription Factor-1 in Cardinal Fish Apogon beauforti
Authors: Rumahlatu Dominggus , Huliselan Estevanus Kristian , Salmanu Sriyanti Imelda A 
Published: June 2018

Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are known to have high toxic effects and have been found polluting marine environment. Regular monitor the concentration of heavy metals in marine waters is necessary by combining chemical and biological analysis. This research was conducted to analyze the levels of heavy metals in sediment, water column, cardinal fish Apogon beauforti, and to measure the concentration of MTF-1 protein in A. beauforti. This research was conducted at four sampling stations at Ambon bay for 2 years. The levels of Cd and Pb metals were analyzed using AAS instruments (Atomic Absorbsion Spectrophotometer), while the concentration of MTF-1 protein in the body of A. beauforti was analyzed using indirect ELISA. The results showed that the seasonal and spatial distribution of heavy metals Cd and Pb at Ambon bay did not show any variation. The results of the ANOVA proved that the concentrations of heavy metals Cd and Pb in the four research stations were not significantly different in the year 2013 and in the year 2014 in the samples of sediment, the water column, and the body of A. beauforti. In addition, it was revealed that the concentration of MTF-1 protein of A. beauforti in 2014 was higher than that in 2013, with an average of the concentration of MTF-1 protein of A.beauforti was higher at station 2, which was at Ferry Galala Harbor. Keywords: distribution, spatial, seasonal, cadmium, lead, MTF-1, Apogon beauforti
Percentiler and Flagger – low-cost, on-line monitoring of laboratory and manufacturer data and significant surplus to current external quality assessment
Authors: Thienpont Linda M. , Stöckl Dietmar 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackground:We developed two web-based applications called the “Percentiler” and “Flagger”. They use electronically sent data from the analysis of patient samples (medians in the Percentiler; % flagging in the Flagger). Through a graphical user interface, the applications allow on-line monitoring of the stability of analytical performance and flagging rate, both assessed against quality specifications. These are guided by biological variation (Percentiler) and effect of analytical instability on surrogate medical decisions (Flagger). Here, we report on the use of the applications.Methods:We constructed examples with combined observations to investigate whether the Flagger adequately translates the effect of analytical instability observed in the Percentiler, and whether the changes in the flagging rate tolerated by the proposed stability limits is realistic in combination with the analytical performance goals.Results:In general, the examples show that the most prominent flagging rates correlate well with the analytical stability and that the limits proposed for the Flagger are realistically linked to those of the Percentiler. They also show that for certain analytes the specifications for stable flagging rates can be restricted to 20% (relatively to the laboratory’s long-term flagging median) despite ambitious analytical performance goals, while for others they need to be expanded up to 70% in concordance with decreasing biological variation.Conclusions:The examples confirm that the changes in flagging rate is well related to the analytical variation, and that the proposed stability limits are fit-for-purpose. The combined observations may help individual laboratories to define realistic but ambitious performance specifications that apply for their local situation.
Effect of softwood kraft fiber coarseness on formation and strength efficiency in twin-wire roll forming
Authors: Nordström Bengt , Hermansson Lennart 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
It has been unclear how fiber coarseness affect formation and the utilization of furnish strength in the machine-made paper (strength efficiency). In this work, the effect of softwood kraft fiber coarseness on formation and strength efficiency in twin-wire roll forming was examined in a pilot machine investigation. A reduction in softwood kraft fiber coarseness from 0.21 to 0.17 mg/m, associated with a reduction in fiber grammage from 6.2 to 5.2 g/m2, was found to have no significant effect on formation at the point of minimum shear during dewatering. The insignificant effect of reduced coarseness can be interpreted as the net result of two effects, namely, an increase in the number of fiber layers at a given grammage (favorable) and an increase in the flocculation tendency (unfavorable). While the effect of coarseness was negligible at the point of minimum shear, coarser fibers enabled larger improvement in formation through the jet-to-wire speed difference. In correspondence to the insignificant effect on formation, fiber coarseness had a negligible effect on tensile strength efficiency and Z-strength at the point of minimum shear. The larger improvement in formation through the jet-to-wire speed difference for the coarser fibers was reflected in a favorable effect on Z-strength efficiency.