bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OBTAIN E: outcome benefits of tranexamic acid in hip arthroplasty with enoxaparin: a randomised double-blinded controlled trial
Authors: Fraval Andrew , Duncan Sam , Murray Theresa , Duggan Jeremy , Tirosh Oren , Tran Phong 
Published: July 2018

Background: We examined the blood conserving effect of tranexamic acid in total hip arthroplasty using the direct anterior approach with enoxaparin as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) chemoprophylaxis, and whether this translates to an effect on functional outcomes in the perioperative period. We also compare the effect of aspirin and enoxaparin as DVT chemoprophylactic agents. Methods: We conducted a single-centre randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. 105 patients were randomised to receive either tranexamic acid or an equivalent volume of normal saline with enoxaparin used as DVT chemoprophylaxis. The primary outcome measure was thigh swelling. Blood loss and the incidence of blood transfusions was also recorded. Secondary outcome measures including postoperative functional scores and mobility, pain scores and length of stay. We also compared and pooled the results of a previous study with the same study intervention methodology which used aspirin as DVT chemoprophylaxis instead of enoxaparin. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the primary outcome of thigh swelling. There was significantly less intraoperative blood loss observed in the tranexamic acid (TXA) group (0.510 L, SD 0.210) compared with the control group (0.698, SD 0.301) ( p < 0.001). The estimated blood loss was also significantly less in the TXA group (1.130 L, SD 0.311) compared with the control group (1.48 L, SD 0.510) ( p < 0.001). Pooled data of both consecutive trials showed there was a statistically significant reduction in length of stay for those that received TXA (3.72 days, SD 0.83 versus 4.24 days, SD 0.97, p < 0.001). There was also a statistically significant increased risk of a transfusion in the control group as compared those that received TXA (OR 5.5, 1.188 to 25.449, p = 0.029). There was no difference in blood loss between DVT chemoprophylactic agents. Interpretation: TXA is an effective agent in reducing blood loss in THR using the anterior approach and was not affected by choice of DVT chemoprophylaxis. Patients who received TXA had fewer transfusions and a reduction in their length of stay. The blood conserving effect of TXA was not associated with improved postoperative recovery across the measures of pain and mobility. Clinical trials registration: ANZCTR number: ACTRN12616000606482.
Dynamic volumetric changes of hippocampal subfields in clinically isolated syndrome patients: A 2-year MRI study
Authors: Cacciaguerra Laura , Pagani Elisabetta , Mesaros Sharlota , Dackovic Jelena , Dujmovic-Basuroski Irena , Drulovic Jelena , Valsasina Paola , Filippi Massimo , Rocca Maria Assunta 
Published: July 2018

Background: Different subregional patterns of hippocampal involvement have been observed in diverse multiple sclerosis (MS) phenotypes. Objective: To evaluate the occurrence of regional hippocampal variations in clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) patients, their relationships with focal white matter (WM) lesions, and their prognostic implications. Methods: Brain dual-echo and three-dimensional (3D) T1-weighted scans were acquired from 14 healthy controls and 36 CIS patients within 2 months from clinical onset and after 3, 12, and 24 months. Radial distance distribution was assessed using 3D parametric surface mesh models. A cognitive screening was also performed. Results: Patients showed clusters of reduced radial distance in the Cornu Ammonis 1 from month 3, progressively extending to the subiculum, negatively correlated with ipsilateral T2 and T1 lesion volume. Increased radial distance appeared in the right dentate gyrus after 3 ( p < 0.05), 12, and 24 ( p < 0.001) months, and in the left one after 3 and 24 months ( p < 0.001), positively correlated with lesional measures. Hippocampal volume variations were more pronounced in patients converting to MS after 24 months and did not correlate with cognitive performance. Conclusion: Regional hippocampal changes occur in CIS, are more pronounced in patients converting to MS, and are modulated by focal WM lesions.
The prevalence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in men and women with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bouthoorn Selma , Valstar Gideon B , Gohar Aisha , den Ruijter Hester M , Reitsma Hans B , Hoes Arno W , Rutten Frans H 
Published: July 2018

Objective: Type 2 diabetes is a risk factor for the development of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Our aim was to provide a summary estimate of the prevalence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in type 2 diabetes patients and to investigate sex disparities. Methods and results: A systematic search of the databases Medline and Embase was conducted for studies reporting the prevalence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction or heart failure with preserved ejection fraction among type 2 diabetes patients. Studies were only included if echocardiography was performed. Prevalence estimates were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. A total of 28 studies were included. Data on the prevalence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction were available in 27 studies. The pooled prevalence for left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in the hospital population (2959 type 2 diabetes participants) and in the general population (2813 type 2 diabetes participants) was 48% [95% confidence interval: 38%–59%] and 35% (95% confidence interval: 24%–46%), respectively. Heterogeneity was high in both populations, with estimates ranging from 19% to 81% in the hospital population and from 23% to 54% in the general population. For women and men, the pooled prevalence estimates of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction were 47% (95% confidence interval: 37%–58%) and 46% (95% confidence interval: 37%–55%), respectively. Only two studies presented the prevalence of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; 8% (95% confidence interval: 5%–14%) in a hospital population and 25% (95% confidence interval: 21%–28%) in the general population [18% in men (mean age: 73.8; standard deviation: 8.6) and 28% in women (mean age: 74.9; standard deviation: 6.9)]. Conclusion: The prevalence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction among type 2 diabetes patients is similarly high in men and women, while heart failure with preserved ejection fraction seems to be more common in women than men, at least in community people with type 2 diabetes.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices of West Africans on genetic studies of stroke: Evidence from the SIREN Study
Authors: Akinyemi Rufus O , Sarfo Fred S , Akinyemi Joshua , Singh Arti , Onoja Akpa Matthew , Akpalu Albert , Owolabi Lukman , Adeoye Abiodun M. , Obiako Reginald , Wahab Kolawole , Sanya Emmanuel , Komolafe Morenikeji , Ogbole Godwin , Fawale Michael , Adebayo Philip , Osaigbovo Godwin , Sunmonu Taofiki , Olowoyo Paul , Chukwuonye Innocent , Obiabo Yahaya , Adeniji Olaleye , Fakunle Gregory , Melikam Ezinne , Saulson Raelle , Yaria Joseph , Uwanruochi Kelechi , Ibinaiye Phillip , Amusa Ganiyu Adeniyi , Yahaya Isah Suleiman , Dambatta Abdullahi Hamisu , Faniyan Mercy , Olowoniyi Peter , Bock-Oruma Andrew , Joseph Odo Chidi , Oguntade Ayodipupo , Kolo Philip , Laryea Ruth , Lakoh Sulaiman , Uvere Ezinne , Farombi Temitope , Akpalu Josephine , Oyinloye Olalekan , Appiah Lambert , Calys-Tagoe Benedict , Shidali Vincent , Tabari Nasir Abdulkadir , Adebayo Oladimeji , Efidi Richard , Adeleye Osi , Owusu Dorcas , Ogunjimi Luqman , Aridegbe Olumayowa , Imoh Chidiebere Lucius , Sanni Taofeeq , Gebreziabher Mulugeta , Hemant Tiwari , Arulogun Oyedunni , Ogunniyi Adesola , Jenkins Carolyn , Owolabi Mayowa , Ovbiagele Bruce 
Published: July 2018

Background It is crucial to assess genomic literacy related to stroke among Africans in preparation for the ethical, legal and societal implications of the genetic revolution which has begun in Africa. Objective To assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of West Africans about stroke genetic studies. Methods A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among stroke patients and stroke-free controls recruited across 15 sites in Ghana and Nigeria. Participants' knowledge of heritability of stroke, willingness to undergo genetic testing and perception of the potential benefits of stroke genetic research were assessed using interviewer-administered questionnaire. Descriptive, frequency distribution and multiple regression analyses were performed. Results Only 49% of 2029 stroke patients and 57% of 2603 stroke-free individuals knew that stroke was a heritable disorder. Among those who knew, 90% were willing to undergo genetic testing. Knowledge of stroke heritability was associated with having at least post-secondary education (OR 1.51, 1.25–1.81) and a family history of stroke (OR 1.20, 1.03–1.39) while Islamic religion (OR=0.82, CI: 0.72–0.94), being currently unmarried (OR = 0.81, CI: 0.70–0.92), and alcohol use (OR = 0.78, CI: 0.67–0.91) were associated with lower odds of awareness of stroke as a heritable disorder. Willingness to undergo genetic testing for stroke was associated with having a family history of stroke (OR 1.34, 1.03–1.74) but inversely associated with a medical history of high blood pressure (OR = 0.79, 0.65–0.96). Conclusion To further improve knowledge of stroke heritability and willingness to embrace genetic testing for stroke, individuals with less formal education, history of high blood pressure and no family history of stroke require targeted interventions.
Explore Transplant Ontario: Adapting the Explore Transplant Education Program to Facilitate Informed Decision Making About Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Mucsi Istvan , Novak Marta , Toews Deanna , Waterman Amy 
Published: July 2018

Purpose: In this article, we describe a province-wide collaborative project in which we adapted the Explore Transplant (ET) education program for use in Ontario, Canada, to develop Explore Transplant Ontario (ETO). Kidney transplantation (KT), especially living donor kidney transplantation (LDKT), is the best treatment for many patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), with the best patient survival and quality of life and also reduced health care costs. Yet KT and LDKT are underutilized both internationally and in Canada. Research has demonstrated that patients with ESKD who receive personalized transplant education are more likely to complete the transplant evaluation process and to receive LDKT compared with patients who do not receive this education. Sources of information: Research expertise of the lead authors and Medline search of studies assessing the impact of education interventions on access to KT and LDKT. Methods: The ET program, developed by Dr Amy Waterman, has been used in thousands of patients with ESKD in the United States to enhance KT and LDKT knowledge. To adapt this program for use in Ontario, we convened a working group, including patient representatives, nephrologists, transplant coordinators, dialysis nurses, and patient educators from all Ontario KT centers and selected dialysis units. In an iterative process concluding in a consensus workshop, the working group reviewed and edited the text of the original ET program and suggested changes to the videos. Key findings: The adapted program reflects the Ontario health care environment and responds to the specific needs of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the province. The videos feature Ontario transplant nephrologists, transplant coordinators, and patients, representative of the ethnic diversity in Ontario, sharing their transplant experience and expertise. Despite the changes, ETO is consistent with the quality and style of the original ET program. At the end of this article, we summarize subsequent steps to test and utilize ETO. Those projects, specifically the ETO pilot study and a multicomponent quality improvement initiative to increase utilization of KT and LDKT across Ontario, will be described in full in future papers. Limitations: This article describes a provincial initiative; therefore, our findings may not be fully generalizable without further considerations. The adapted education program has not yet been tested in large trial for effectiveness. Implications: As a program grounded in the theoretical model of behavior change, ETO places patients with ESKD at the center of a complex process of navigating renal replacement therapy modalities and acknowledges a broad range of patient values, priorities, and states of readiness to pursue KT.
Probable cutaneous adverse drug reaction to piroxicam in a cat
Authors: Young Amanda J , Torres Sheila M , Koch Sandra N 
Published: July 2018

Case summary A 9-year-old male neutered Devon Rex cat presented with bilaterally symmetrical ulcerative lesions with mucopurulent exudate that developed rapidly. The lesions were apparent on the axillae, ventral abdomen and inguinal areas. The cat was systemically well. Piroxicam was being administered for palliative treatment of a previously diagnosed salivary adenocarcinoma. Histopathology revealed severe extensive epidermal ulceration with focal dyskeratotic keratinocytes in the stratum granulosum without lymphocyte satellitosis. Resolution of skin lesions was observed after discontinuing piroxicam. Similar lesions developed after previous piroxicam administration, further suggesting a possible adverse reaction to this drug. In addition, the Naranjo score indicated that piroxicam was a probable cause for the ulcerative skin lesions. Relevance and novel information This is the first report of piroxicam, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, as a probable cause of ulcerative skin lesions in a cat.
A Commentary on Corporate Social Responsibility and Natural Disasters in India
Authors: Kumar Arvind 
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of top 100 Indian companies in natural disasters and identify best practices of corporations in India. Results are derived from secondary data collected from websites, newsletters and annual reports of the companies. Three natural disasters were taken for the study from the year 2013–15. It is observed that most of the companies have been engaged in disaster relief activities for social and ethical reasoning. These activities included financial help, stake holder consultation and partnerships with NGOs, non-profit organizations (NPOs) and the government. Corporations also help in disaster management simply by engaging in their regular business. This study analyzes the role of corporations in natural disasters from a corporate social responsibility (CSR) perspective and discusses the possible way of coping with natural disasters by Indian companies. The research findings will be very useful for Indian companies, Confederation of Indian Industries (CII), National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), and Government, after the enactment of Companies Act 2013. It would be very helpful for normalcy of human life and business. It analyses only top 100 Indian company’s contribution. It lacks the reflections of the other countries.
Recurrent Instability Episodes and Meniscal or Cartilage Damage After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sommerfeldt Mark , Raheem Abdul , Whittaker Jackie , Hui Catherine , Otto David 
Published: July 2018

Background: Delayed anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction may be associated with increased risk of subsequent knee joint damage and osteoarthritis (OA). The relationship between recurrent instability episodes and meniscal or cartilage damage after first-time ACL injury is unknown. Purpose: To assess the association between recurrent knee instability episodes and prevalence of meniscal lesions, cartilage damage, and OA after first-time ACL injury. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Six electronic databases were systematically searched using keywords and Medical Subject Heading terms. Studies selected were of English language, included original data, had a prospective design, and provided an outcome of recurrent instability and meniscal lesions, cartilage damage, or OA after first-time ACL injury. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were extracted or unadjusted ORs (95% CI) were calculated. PRISMA guidelines were followed, and 2 independent raters assessed study quality using Downs and Black criteria. Results: Of 905 potentially relevant studies, 7 were included. Sample sizes ranged from 43 to 541, and Downs and Black scores ranged from 2 to 12. Clinical and methodological heterogeneity precluded meta-analysis. Six studies reported a positive association between recurrent instability episodes and medial meniscal damage (OR range, 3.46 [95% CI, 1.24-9.99] to 11.56 [1.37-521.06]). The association between instability episodes and lateral meniscal or cartilage damage was inconsistent. No studies examined the association between instability episodes and OA. Conclusion: This systematic review provides preliminary evidence that recurrent instability episodes after first-time ACL injury may be associated with increased odds of medial meniscal damage. This highlights the importance of early diagnosis, education, and treatment for individuals with ACL injury, all of which must include a specific focus on the prevention and management of instability episodes. High-quality, prospective cohort studies are needed that assess the effects of diagnostic and treatment delay, recurrent instability episodes on secondary meniscal and cartilage damage, and OA after an initial ACL injury.
Phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins regulate megakaryocyte TGF-β1 secretion and hematopoiesis in mice
Authors: Capitano Maegan , Zhao Liang , Cooper Scott , Thorsheim Chelsea , Suzuki Aae , Huang Xinxin , Dent Alexander L. , Marks Michael S. , Abrams Charles S. , Broxmeyer Hal E. 
Published: July 2018

Key PointsPITPs facilitate TGF-β1 secretion in megakaryocytes regulating hematopoiesis. Pitpα −/− /β −/− megakaryocytes have a defect in α-granule morphology and function.
Genome-wide screen identifies cullin-RING ligase machinery required for lenalidomide-dependent CRL4CRBN activity
Authors: Sievers Quinlan L. , Gasser Jessica A. , Cowley Glenn S. , Fischer Eric S. , Ebert Benjamin L. 
Published: July 2018

Key Points
Genome-scale CRISPR knockout screen identifies cullin-RING ligase regulators as top mediators of lenalidomide resistance. The E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, UBE2D3 and UBE2G1, play distinct roles in lenalidomide-induced substrate ubiquitination by CRL4CRBN.
DNA methylation age is associated with an altered hemostatic profile in a multiethnic meta-analysis
Authors: Ward-Caviness Cavin K. , Huffman Jennifer E. , Everett Karl , Germain Marine , van Dongen Jenny , Hill W. David , Jhun Min A. , Brody Jennifer A. , Ghanbari Mohsen , Du Lei , Roetker Nicholas S. , de Vries Paul S. , Waldenberger Melanie , Gieger Christian , Wolf Petra , Prokisch Holger , Koenig Wolfgang , O’Donnell Christopher J. , Levy Daniel , Liu Chunyu , Truong Vinh , Wells Philip S. , Trégouët David-Alexandre , Tang Weihong , Morrison Alanna C. , Boerwinkle Eric , Wiggins Kerri L. , McKnight Barbara , Guo Xiuqing , Psaty Bruce M. , Sotoodehnia Nona , Boomsma Dorret I. , Willemsen Gonneke , Ligthart Lannie , Deary Ian J. , Zhao Wei , Ware Erin B. , Kardia Sharon L. R. , Van Meurs Joyce B. J. , Uitterlinden Andre G. , Franco Oscar H. , Eriksson Per , Franco-Cereceda Anders , Pankow James S. , Johnson Andrew D. , Gagnon France , Morange Pierre-Emmanuel , de Geus Eco J. C. , Starr John M. , Smith Jennifer A. , Dehghan Abbas , Björck Hanna M. , Smith Nicholas L. , Peters Annette 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Many hemostatic factors are associated with age and age-related diseases; however, much remains unknown about the biological mechanisms linking aging and hemostatic factors. DNA methylation is a novel means by which to assess epigenetic aging, which is a measure of age and the aging processes as determined by altered epigenetic states. We used a meta-analysis approach to examine the association between measures of epigenetic aging and hemostatic factors, as well as a clotting time measure. For fibrinogen, we performed European and African ancestry–specific meta-analyses which were then combined via a random effects meta-analysis. For all other measures we could not estimate ancestry-specific effects and used a single fixed effects meta-analysis. We found that 1-year higher extrinsic epigenetic age as compared with chronological age was associated with higher fibrinogen (0.004 g/L/y; 95% confidence interval, 0.001-0.007; P = .01) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1; 0.13 U/mL/y; 95% confidence interval, 0.07-0.20; P = 6.6 × 10−5) concentrations, as well as lower activated partial thromboplastin time, a measure of clotting time. We replicated PAI-1 associations using an independent cohort. To further elucidate potential functional mechanisms, we associated epigenetic aging with expression levels of the PAI-1 protein encoding gene (SERPINE1) and the 3 fibrinogen subunit-encoding genes (FGA, FGG, and FGB) in both peripheral blood and aorta intima-media samples. We observed associations between accelerated epigenetic aging and transcription of FGG in both tissues. Collectively, our results indicate that accelerated epigenetic aging is associated with a procoagulation hemostatic profile, and that epigenetic aging may regulate hemostasis in part via gene transcription.
Differentiation-based model of hematopoietic stem cell functions and lineage pathways
Authors: Höfer Thomas , Rodewald Hans-Reimer 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Advances in genetic labeling and barcoding of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in situ now allow direct measurements of physiological HSC output, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Turning on a heritable label in HSCs and measuring the kinetics of label emergence in downstream compartments reveal rates of differentiation and self-renewal of HSCs and progenitor cells, whereas endogenous HSC barcoding probes physiological precursor-product relationships. Labels have been inserted at different stages of the hematopoietic differentiation hierarchy. Recent genetic and functional evidence suggests a phenotype (Tie2+) for tip HSCs. Fate mapping shows that many tip HSCs regularly feed into downstream stages, with individual cells contributing infrequently. Stem and progenitor cells downstream of tip HSCs serve as a major, nearly self-renewing source of day-to-day hematopoiesis, rendering the blood and immune system HSC-independent for extended periods of time. HSCs realize multilineage output, yet, fates restricted to several lineages or even a single lineage have also been observed. Single HSCs within a clone in the bone marrow that develop from a fetal HSC precursor have been observed to express clone-specific fates. Thus, the new tools probing HSC differentiation in situ are progressing beyond assays for HSC activity based on proliferation measurements and fates of transplanted stem cells, and the data challenge lineage interpretations of single-cell gene expression snapshots. Linking in vivo fate analyses to gene expression and other molecular determinants of cell fate will aid in unraveling the mechanisms of lineage commitment and the architecture of physiological hematopoiesis.
Significant gynecological bleeding in women with low von Willebrand factor levels
Authors: Lavin Michelle , Aguila Sonia , Dalton Niall , Nolan Margaret , Byrne Mary , Ryan Kevin , White Barry , O’Connell Niamh M. , O’Sullivan Jamie M. , Di Paola Jorge , James Paula D. , O’Donnell James S. 
Published: July 2018

Key Points
BATs differ significantly in sensitivity for detecting menorrhagia in women with low VWF. Despite pregnancy-related increases in plasma VWF levels, significant PPH may occur in women with low VWF.