bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Profiling of volatile flavor compounds in nkui (a Cameroonian food) by solid phase extraction and 2D gas chromatography time of flight mass spectrometry (SPME‐GC×GC‐TOF‐MS)
Authors: Adebo Oluwafemi A. , Njobeh Patrick B. , Desobgo Steve C. Z. , Pieterse Mark , Kayitesi Eugenie , Ndinteh Derek T. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the volatile flavor compounds of nkui, a Cameroonian food, using solid phase microextraction (SPME) and a two‐dimensional gas chromatography time of flight mass spectrometry GC×GC‐TOF‐MS system. Using SPME, volatile compounds were extracted from nkui and analyzed by GC×GC‐TOF‐MS. The data retrieved revealed the presence of flavor volatiles including acids (20%), alcohols (4%), aldehydes (10%), aromatic compounds (4%), esters (7%), furans (4%), ketones (11%), terpenes and terpernoids (27%). Although the terpene compounds were the most predominant, an ester (linalyl acetate) had the highest percentage of 19%, conferring a sweet, green and citrus flavor. Results obtained from this study suggest that the characteristic flavor of nkui was due to the combination of different volatile flavor compounds, which contributed to its aroma. Considering the medicinal importance of these compounds, their presence positions nkui as a vital food source with health benefits and medicinal properties.
Composition and biochemical properties of l‐carnitine fortified Makgeolli brewed by using fermented buckwheat
Authors: Park Namhyeon , Nguyen Thi Thanh Hanh , Lee Gang‐Hee , Jin Shi‐Na , Kwak So‐Hyung , Lee Tae‐Kyung , Choi Yeong‐Hwan , Kim Seong‐Bo , Kimura Atsuo , Kim Doman 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMakgeolli is a traditional Korean alcoholic rice beverage. It is brewed of ingredients containing starch, Nuruk, and water. In order to improve the quality and functionality of Makgeolli, the Rhizopus oligosporus fermented buckwheat containing 18.7 mg/kg of l‐carnitine were utilized to brew l‐carnitine fortified Makgeolli with rice. Makgeolli was prepared in two‐stage fermentation method and total rutin and quercetin in each fermented buckwheat Makgeolli were increased 1.8‐fold greater than buckwheat Makgeolli. DPPH antioxidant activity was enhanced in fermented buckwheat Makgeolli than buckwheat Makgeolli (21.9%–65.7%). The amounts of l‐carnitine in rice Makgeolli, buckwheat Makgeolli, and fermented buckwheat Makgeolli were 0.9, 0.8–1.0, and 1.0–1.9 mg/L, respectively. The fermented buckwheat Makgeolli not only promoted health benefit by increasing l‐carnitine and flavonols, but also made effective alcohol production (2.8%–8.4%) compared to common buckwheat Makgeolli, indicating the potential industrial application with health benefits.
Effects of NPK and biochar fertilized soil on the proximate composition and mineral evaluation of maize flour
Authors: Ogunyemi Adewale Muyideen , Otegbayo Bolanle O. , Fagbenro John A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSeries of farming practice methods have been employed to increase maize production but there is no adequate information on the effect of these methods on the nutritional and mineral content of organically grown maize. This study investigated the effects of inorganic and biochar fertilized soils on the proximate composition and mineral content of maize. Maize seeds were planted on organically fertilized soil (sawdust and gliricidia biochar), chemically fertilized soil Nitrogen Phosphorus and Potassium (NPK fertilizer), and soil without any amendment as control. The proximate compositions (protein, ash, crude fat, carbohydrate, and moisture) and mineral contents (Na, Mg, K, Ca, Fe, and Zn) of the maize flour samples were determined using standard methods. The results showed that protein content ranged from 4.58% to 7.24% (protein), ash 0.82% to 1.09%, crude fat 3.84% to 4.61%, moisture 9.76% to 10.60%, and carbohydrate 76.85% to 80.31%. There was no significant (p ≤ 0.05) difference among the proximate compositions except for protein and carbohydrate. Maize planted on NPK fertilized soil had the highest crude protein content of 7.24%. Other results obtained included sodium (55.65 mg/100 g), magnesium (35.87 mg/100 g), and iron (6.78 mg/100 g). Maize from soil without amendments was significantly higher than maize from NPK fertilized and biochar fertilized soils. Also, maize from control plot had the highest calcium content value of 48.95 mg/100 g. We concluded that maize planted with NPK fertilizer had higher nutrient than those planted with biochar application. Also, the mineral content of maize planted in control plot was higher than those on the amended soil.
Evaluation and comparison of in vitro antioxidant activities of unsaponifiable fraction of 11 kinds of edible vegetable oils
Authors: Wang Sujun , Yang Ruinan , Li Hui , Jiang Jun , Zhang Liangxiao , Zhang Qi , Li Peiwu 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe radical scavenging capabilities of the extracts from eleven edible vegetable oils were investigated by using 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′‐azino‐bis‐3‐ ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid (ABTS), and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assays. The results indicated that rapeseed oil and sesame oil showed higher radical scavenging abilities than other vegetable oils. When the radical scavenging capabilities of the extracts from virgin camellia oils and commercially available refined camellia oils were evaluated by FRAP assay, the results showed that the antioxidant capabilities of the former were higher than the latter. Therefore, it is recommended that moderate refining processes should be taken to minimize the loss of antioxidant components and people consume virgin oils or less processed edible vegetable oils for higher antioxidant activities.
Influence of maturity, smoking, and drying of fresh maize on sensory acceptability and nutritional content of the developed porridges
Authors: Saka Lizzie , Kasapila William , Ng'ong'ola Manani Tinna A. , Mlotha Vincent 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study investigated the potential of using the underutilized fresh maize in the preparation of porridge to contribute toward complementary feeding of children, and reductions in pre‐harvest losses. Fresh maize was harvested at different stages of maturity, blanched, smoked, and sun dried before milling into flours that were blended with soy flours for preparation of test porridges. The test flours were analyzed using the Association of the Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) methods to determine their nutrient composition before preparation of the porridges. A trained consumer panel of 12 people, mothers and nursery school children tasted the porridges to rank acceptability and preference. Analysis of nutritional data showed that the test flours contained similar amounts of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates as the commonly used dried maize–soy flour blends. All the test porridges were generally accepted by the mothers and children due to the unique smoky and roasted aroma, brown color and the sweeter flavor even without the addition of sugar. Grainy texture and the presence of residues were the only unacceptable attributes in some of the test porridges. In conclusion, fresh maize–soy floor blends can be potentially used in complementary feeding of children at home and school as an alternative to other traditional maize flours. Optimization and fortification can help make the flours nutrient‐dense and most appropriate for child feeding at scale.
VISTA expression by microglia decreases during inflammation and is differentially regulated in CNS diseases
Authors: Borggrewe Malte , Grit Corien , Den Dunnen Wilfred F. A. , Burm Saskia M. , Bajramovic Jeffrey J. , Noelle Randolph J. , Eggen Bart J. L. , Laman Jon D. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractV‐type immunoglobulin domain‐containing suppressor of T‐cell activation (VISTA) is a negative checkpoint regulator (NCR) involved in inhibition of T cell‐mediated immunity. Expression changes of other NCRs (PD‐1, PD‐L1/L2, CTLA‐4) during inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS) were previously demonstrated, but VISTA expression in the CNS has not yet been explored. Here, we report that in the human and mouse CNS, VISTA is most abundantly expressed by microglia, and to lower levels by endothelial cells. Upon TLR stimulation, VISTA expression was reduced in primary neonatal mouse and adult rhesus macaque microglia in vitro. In mice, microglial VISTA expression was reduced after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection, during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), and in the accelerated aging Ercc1
Δ/− mouse model. After LPS injection, decreased VISTA expression in mouse microglia was accompanied by decreased acetylation of lysine residue 27 in histone 3 in both its promoter and enhancer region. ATAC‐sequencing indicated a potential regulation of VISTA expression by Pu.1 and Mafb, two transcription factors crucial for microglia function. Finally, our data suggested that VISTA expression was decreased in microglia in multiple sclerosis lesion tissue, whereas it was increased in Alzheimer's disease patients. This study is the first to demonstrate that in the CNS, VISTA is expressed by microglia, and that VISTA is differentially expressed in CNS pathologies.
Mapping the influences of resilience engineering on health, safety, and environment and ergonomics management system by using Z‐number cognitive map
Authors: Zarrin Mansour , Azadeh Ali 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study evaluates and analyzes the impacts of resilience engineering (RE) principles on integrated health, safety, environment, and ergonomics (HSEE) management system. In decision sciences, information should be reliable due to uncertainty and vagueness existing in information. To this end, in this study, the concept of Z‐numbers with fuzzy cognitive map (FCM) approach is integrated and a novel approach named Z‐number cognitive map is proposed. The main advantages of the proposed approach are determination of the weighted causality relations (for employing FCM) as well as handling uncertainty (for considering Z‐numbers concept). This approach is used to show the effects of RE indicators on HSEE management system. The required data for the proposed approach is collected from a large petrochemical plant by distributing questionnaires. According to the results, the RE principles have significant impact on HSEE management system. Top management commitment, learning, preparedness and awareness have the most impacts on environment, health, ergonomics and safety factors, respectively. This is the first study that employs Z‐number cognitive map for evaluating and improving the impacts of RE on HSEE factors in a large petrochemical plant. The proposed approach in this study, can help managers of various safety‐critical systems to improve their performance in terms of HSEE factors using RE concept.
Vitamin E intestinal absorption: Regulation of membrane transport across the enterocyte
Authors: Reboul Emmanuelle 
Published: October 2018

AbstractVitamin E is an essential molecule for our development and health. It has long been thought that it was absorbed and transported through cellular membranes by a passive diffusion process. However, data obtained during the past 15 years showed that its absorption is actually mediated, at least in part, by cholesterol membrane transporters including the scavenger receptor class B type I (SR‐BI), CD36 molecule (CD36), NPC1‐like transporter 1 (NPC1L1), and ATP‐binding cassettes A1 and G1 (ABCA1 and ABCG1). This review focuses on the absorption process of vitamin E across the enterocyte. A special attention is given to the regulation of this process, including the possible competition with other fat‐soluble micronutrients, and the modulation of transporter expressions. Overall, recent results noticeably increased the comprehension of vitamin E intestinal transport, but additional investigations are still required to fully appreciate the mechanisms governing vitamin E bioavailability. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 71(4):416–423, 2019
Recurrent Metastasized Parathyroid Carcinoma—Long‐Term Remission After Combined Treatments With Surgery, Radiotherapy, Cinacalcet, Zoledronic Acid, and Temozolomide
Authors: Storvall Sara , Ryhänen Eeva , Bensch Frank V , Heiskanen Ilkka , Kytölä Soili , Ebeling Tapani , Mäkelä Siru , Schalin‐Jäntti Camilla 
Published: October 2018

AbstractParathyroid carcinoma is a rare cause of primary hyperparathyroidism with rather poor prognosis. Apart from surgery, no evidence‐based treatments exist. A 48‐year‐old woman presented with weight loss, nausea, constipation, hypercalcemic crisis, and a recurrent neck tumor 5 years after primary surgery of a parathyroid tumor that primarily was classified as an adenoma. Histopathological reevaluation of the original tumor revealed the correct diagnosis to be parathyroid carcinoma (PC). The patient underwent surgery of the recurrent tumor, which was locally invasive with metastatic spread to the mediastinum and neck lymph nodes. Computed tomography demonstrated large lytic bone lesions in both iliac bones including, on the right, a soft tissue mass compatible with bone metastasis. The patient was treated with cinacalcet, repeated zoledronic acid infusions, and temozolomide cycles for 1 year. She underwent two additional neck surgeries for PC and sternotomy for resection of mediastinal metastases. Massive osteolytic lesions in both femoral necks caused imminent fracture risk and therefore both femurs were prophylactically stabilized by intramedullary nail. Serum calcium normalized after the third neck surgery, cinacalcet was discontinued, and parathyroid hormone gradually normalized during continued treatments with temozolomide, adjuvant radiotherapy, and zoledronic acid, with no signs of active disease on imaging and normal biochemistry. The patient remains in remission 17 years after successful combined treatments for recurrent, metastasized PC. The parathyroid tumor tissue demonstrated high O6‐methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status, a known predictor of positive temozolomide treatment response in other tumors. In addition, synergistic effects of multiple treatments may have accounted for the favorable response. © 2018 The Authors. JBMR Plus is published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Large sets of Hamilton cycle decompositions of complete bipartite 3‐uniform hypergraphs
Authors: Zhao Hongtao 
Published: October 2018

AbstractUsing the Katona‐Kierstead (K‐K) definition of a Hamilton cycle in a uniform hypergraph, we investigate the existence of large sets of wrapped K‐K Hamilton cycle decompositions of the complete bipartite 3‐uniform hypergraph , settling the existence whenever is odd. We also prove that there exists a large set of double wrapped K‐K Hamilton cycle decompositions of if and only if is even.
Safety and feasibility of early postmastectomy discharge and home drain care in a low resource setting
Authors: Olasehinde Olalekan , Alatise Olusegun , Arowolo Olukayode , Adisa Adewale , Wuraola Funmilola , Boutin‐Foster Carla , Lawal Oladejo , Kingham Thomas 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundEarly postmastectomy discharge with a drain in place is standard practice in most developed countries. Its feasibility has not been evaluated in low resource settings like Nigeria.MethodsConsenting patients undergoing mastectomy were discharged on the third postoperative day and assessed as outpatients for wound complications as well as their experience at home. Wound outcomes were compared with patients who had traditional long stay.ResultsForty‐five of the 58 patients who had a mastectomy during the study period participated in the early discharge program (77.6%). Of these, four patients (8.9%) had drain malfunction, seroma occurred in eight patients (17.8%), eight patients (17.8%) had wound infection, and six patients (13.3%) had flap necrosis. There was no readmission. Compared with long stay patients, postoperative stay was significantly shorter (3 vs 11 days; P < 0.01) with significant cost savings, while complication rates were not statistically different. All the patients in the early discharge group were confident operating their drains and preferred early discharge. Being around relatives, reduced cost, and fear of the hospital environment were common reasons cited for their preference.ConclusionOur results support the implementation of an early postmastectomy discharge program in a low resource setting.
Adjacent skin rotation flap for large defect in primary breast tumor
Authors: Jin Liting , Wu Xinhong , Zha Li , Feng Yaojun , Xu Juan , Zheng Hongmei , Shao Jun , Zhao Minjian , Cui Xiaojiang , Giuliano Armando E. , Gong Yiping 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundsSurgical resection of large primary breast tumor often results in large chest wall defects. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of using adjacent skin rotation (ASR) flap in patients with giant primary breast tumor.MethodsA total of 26 giant primary breast tumor patients treated with ASR flap were included in this study. The postoperative conditions, including operating time, blood loss, length of hospital stay, and clinical complications were observed. Meanwhile, the information on 17 breast tumor patients treated with transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap were collected and assigned to a control group.ResultsThe mean defect size after mastectomy was 16.7 × 13.4 cm, while the median follow‐up period was 13 months after surgery. A total of 15.4% patients had developed with local complications, and one of them had more than one complication. When comparing the postoperative outcomes, statistically significant differences were found between the two groups with respect to operating time, blood loss, and length of hospital stay (P < 0.001).ConclusionsASR flap is a reliable technique for immediate reconstruction of massive chest wall defects in patients with giant primary breast tumor.
Does intra‐operative margin assessment improve margin status and re‐excision rates? A population‐based analysis of outcomes in breast‐conserving surgery for ductal carcinoma in situ
Authors: Laws Alison , Brar Mantaj S , Bouchard‐Fortier Antoine , Leong Brad , Quan May Lynn 
Published: October 2018

Background and ObjectivesUsing a 2 mm margin criteria, we evaluated the effect of intra‐operative margin assessment on margin status and re‐excisions following breast‐conserving surgery (BCS) for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).MethodsWe identified patients undergoing BCS for DCIS from a prospective, population‐based database. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the effect of specimen mammography, ultrasound and macroscopic assessment by a pathologist on margins and re‐excision rates.ResultsIn 588 patients, 52% (95% confidence interval [CI], 48%‐56%) had positive margins (<2 mm), 39% (95% CI, 35%‐43%) had a re‐excision and 15% (95% CI, 12%‐18%) had completion mastectomy. There were few re‐excisions for margins ≥2 mm (2%). Adjusting for confounders, any margin assessment versus wire localization alone did not reduce positive margins (odds ratio [OR], 0.75; P = 0.202) or re‐excisions (OR, 1.14;
P = 0.564), however both outcomes varied by type of technique (
P < 0.001). Individually, only macroscopic assessment by pathologist reduced positive margins (OR, 0.54;
P = 0.002) and re‐excisions (OR, 0.61;
P = 0.036).ConclusionsDespite adherence to a 2 mm margin criteria, re‐excision rates remain high following BCS for DCIS, with 39% converted to mastectomy when re‐excision is required. Intra‐operative margin assessment does not appear to reduce re‐excisions; in particular, surgeons should be aware of the limitations of specimen mammography for margin assessment in DCIS.
Virtual planning and navigational technology in reconstructive surgery
Authors: Shenaq Deana S. , Matros Evan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractReconstructive technologies have expanded to include the use of virtual surgical planning (VSP) and computer‐aided design and manufacturing (CAD‐CAM), and 3‐Dimensional printing. The advantages of VSP over traditional techniques are highlighted in many scenarios: (a) delayed reconstruction, (b) maxillary reconstruction, (c) placement of dental implants, and (d) precision guided oncology. Microsurgery is undergoing a paradigm shift with virtual planning at its foreground. Herein, we describe the versatile uses for CAD‐CAM and key operative steps.
Accuracy of actual resected liver volume in anatomical liver resections guided by 3‐dimensional parenchymal staining using fusion indocyanine green fluorescence imaging
Authors: Yang Jian , Tao Hai‐Su , Cai Wei , Zhu Wen , Zhao Dong , Hu Hao‐Yu , Liu Jun , Fang Chi‐Hua 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of actual resected liver volume (ARLV) in anatomical liver resections (ALRs) guided by 3‐dimensional parenchymal staining using fusion indocyanine green fluorescence imaging (IGFI).MethodsPatients eligible for hepatic resection were enrolled in the current study from January 2016 to November 2017. All patients underwent surgery planning based on Medical Image Three‐Dimensional Visualization System (MI‐3DVS) before the operation, in which predicted resected liver volumes (PRLVs) were calculated. Under 3‐dimensional guidance by fusion IGFI, ALRs were performed and ARLVs were measured. Simple linear regression, intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland‐Altman analysis were used to evaluate the relationship and agreement between PRLV and ARLV.ResultsOf the 27 patients who achieved valid demarcation by fusion IGFI, 12 (44.4%) received hemihepatectomy, while 10 (37.0%) and five (18.5%) underwent sectionectomy and segmentectomy, respectively. The relationship and agreement between PRLV (481.37 ± 189.47 cm³) and ARLV (450.57 ± 205.19 cm³) were then evaluated. The simple regression equation obtained was PRLV = 0.874 × ARLV + 87.75 (R = 0.946;
P = 0.000). Meanwhile, ARLV (ICC = 0.943) achieved an excellent agreement with PRLV (
P < 0.001); 25 of 27 dots were in the range of 95% confidence interval in Bland‐Altman analysis.ConclusionsIn the study, these findings validated the consistency between PRLV calculated by MI‐3DVS and ARLV guided by fusion IGFI, which proved that IGFI can accurately guide anatomical hepatectomy. Generally, fusion IGFI can provide a valid, feasible and accurate demarcation line, which can confer precision to hepatic resection.
Short‐term outcomes of pleurectomy decortication and extrapleural pneumonectomy in mesothelioma
Authors: van Gerwen Maaike , Wolf Andrea , Liu Bian , Flores Raja , Taioli Emanuela 
Published: October 2018

Background/ObjectivesWe evaluated postoperative mortality and complications after extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP) and pleurectomy decortication (P/D) to better understand their effectiveness in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM).MethodsA meta‐analysis was done to evaluate 30‐day mortality and postoperative complications. In addition, in‐patients data of 500 eligible patients with MPM who underwent EPP or P/D was extracted from the New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS). Multivariate analyses and propensity matching were used to compare in‐hospital mortality and postoperative complications in EPP vs P/D.ResultsThe meta‐analysis showed a statistically significant difference in 30‐day mortality (5% [95% CI: 4‐6] vs P/D 2% [95% CI: 1‐3]), proportion of complications (46% [95% CI: 36‐56] vs 24% [95% CI: 15‐34]) and postoperative arrhythmias (20% [95% CI: 12‐31] vs 5% [95% CI: 2‐8]) for EPP vs P/D. In‐hospital mortality (OR
adj: 2.6; 95% CI: 0.86‐7.75) and postoperative complications (OR
adj: 1.1; 95% CI: 0.68‐1.86) were not different in EPP compared with P/D while supraventricular arrhythmia was significantly more frequent after EPP vs P/D (OR
adj: 5.2; 95% CI: 2.34‐11.33).ConclusionsPostoperative mortality, postoperative complications, and particularly supraventricular arrhythmia are less frequent after P/D vs EPP. P/D, a less invasive surgery, may provide a better option when technically feasible for patients with MPM.