bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construct Validity and Population-Based Norms of the German Brief Resilience Scale (BRS)
Authors: Kunzler Angela M. , Chmitorz Andrea , Bagusat Christiana , Kaluza Antonia J. , Hoffmann Isabell , Schäfer Markus , Quiring Oliver , Rigotti Thomas , Kalisch Raffael , Tüscher Oliver , Franke Andreas G. , van Dick Rolf , Lieb Klaus 
Published: December 2018

Abstract. The Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) measures the ability to recover from stress. To provide further evidence for construct validity of the German BRS and to determine population-based norms, a large sample (N = 1,128) representative of the German adult population completed a survey including the BRS and instruments measuring perceived stress and the resilience factors optimism, self-efficacy, and locus of control. Confirmatory factor analyses showed best model fit for a five-factor model differentiating the ability to recover from stress from the three resilience factors. On the basis of latent and manifest correlations, convergent and discriminant validity of the BRS were fair to good. Female sex, older age, lower weekly working time, higher perceived stress, lower optimism, and self-efficacy as well as higher external locus of control predicted lower BRS scores, that is, lower ability to recover from stress.
Control of Treg cell homeostasis and immune equilibrium by Lkb1 in dendritic cells
Authors: Chen Song , Fang Lijun , Guo Wei , Zhou Yushan , Yu Gang , Li Wenwen , Dong Kui , Liu Jingru , Luo Yuechen , Wang Bing , Li Zhonglong , Zhao Chunxiao , Sun Zhina , Shen Yue , Leng Qibing , Zhou Dongming , Han Zhongchao , Huang Huifang , Ren He , Xu Guogang , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTo balance immunity and tolerance, the endogenous pool of Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells is tightly controlled, but the underlying mechanisms of this control remain poorly understood. Here we show that the number of Treg cells is negatively regulated by the kinase Lkb1 in dendritic cells (DCs). Conditional knockout of the Lkb1 gene in DCs leads to excessive Treg cell expansion in multiple organs and dampens antigen-specific T cell immunity. Lkb1-deficient DCs are capable of enhancing, compared with wild-type DCs, Treg cell proliferation via cell-cell contact involving the IKK/IKBα-independent activation of the NF-κB/OX40L pathway. Intriguingly, treating wild-type mice with lipopolysaccharide selectively depletes Lkb1 protein in DCs, resulting in Treg cell expansion and suppressed inflammatory injury upon subsequent challenge. Loss of Lkb1 does not obviously upregulate proinflammatory molecules expression on DCs. We thus identify Lkb1 as a regulatory switch in DCs for controlling Treg cell homeostasis, immune response and tolerance.
Intron-containing RNA from the HIV-1 provirus activates type I interferon and inflammatory cytokines
Authors: McCauley Sean Matthew , Kim Kyusik , Nowosielska Anetta , Dauphin Ann , Yurkovetskiy Leonid , Diehl William Edward , Luban Jeremy 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHIV-1-infected people who take drugs that suppress viremia to undetectable levels are protected from developing AIDS. Nonetheless, HIV-1 establishes proviruses in long-lived CD4+ memory T cells, and perhaps other cell types, that preclude elimination of the virus even after years of continuous antiviral therapy. Here we show that the HIV-1 provirus activates innate immune signaling in isolated dendritic cells, macrophages, and CD4+ T cells. Immune activation requires transcription from the HIV-1 provirus and expression of CRM1-dependent, Rev-dependent, RRE-containing, unspliced HIV-1 RNA. If rev is provided in trans, all HIV-1 coding sequences are dispensable for activation except those cis-acting sequences required for replication or splicing. Our results indicate that the complex, post-transcriptional regulation intrinsic to HIV-1 RNA is detected by the innate immune system as a danger signal, and that drugs which disrupt HIV-1 transcription or HIV-1 RNA metabolism would add qualitative benefit to current antiviral drug regimens.
Monitoring drug nanocarriers in human blood by near-infrared fluorescence correlation spectroscopy
Authors: Negwer Inka , Best Andreas , Schinnerer Meike , Schäfer Olga , Capeloa Leon , Wagner Manfred , Schmidt Manfred , Mailänder Volker , Helm Mark , Barz Matthias , Butt Hans-Jürgen , Koynov Kaloian 
Published: December 2018

AbstractNanocarrier-based drug delivery is a promising therapeutic approach that offers unique possibilities for the treatment of various diseases. However, inside the blood stream, nanocarriers’ properties may change significantly due to interactions with proteins, aggregation, decomposition or premature loss of cargo. Thus, a method for precise, in situ characterization of drug nanocarriers in blood is needed. Here we show how the fluorescence correlation spectroscopy that is a well-established method for measuring the size, loading efficiency and stability of drug nanocarriers in aqueous solutions can be used to directly characterize drug nanocarriers in flowing blood. As the blood is not transparent for visible light and densely crowded with cells, we label the nanocarriers or their cargo with near-infrared fluorescent dyes and fit the experimental autocorrelation functions with an analytical model accounting for the presence of blood cells. The developed methodology contributes towards quantitative understanding of the in vivo behavior of nanocarrier-based therapeutics.
In vitro dissolution behavior of hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin-film transistors
Authors: Tian Yuan , Flewitt Andrew J. , Canham Leigh T. , Coffer Jeffery L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRecent developments in biodegradable nanostructured crystalline silicon and flexible silicon-based electronic devices raise the significant question of the stability of standard amorphous silicon transistor platforms in biologically relevant environments. In this work, we evaluate the biodegradation of hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin film transistors. Specifically, using a combination of gravimetric analysis, optical imaging, and X-ray fluorescence, we investigate the fundamental stability of a simple hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin film transistor structure immersed in phosphate-buffered saline at physiological temperature (37 °C). In addition to the possible galvanic influence of associated metal electrodes in the degradation of such devices, implications for future device platforms are also discussed.
A yellow fever–Zika chimeric virus vaccine candidate protects against Zika infection and congenital malformations in mice
Authors: Kum Dieudonné B. , Mishra Niraj , Boudewijns Robbert , Gladwyn-Ng Ivan , Alfano Christian , Ma Ji , Schmid Michael A. , Marques Rafael E. , Schols Dominique , Kaptein Suzanne , Nguyen Laurent , Neyts Johan , Dallmeier Kai 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe recent Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic in the Americas led to an intense search for therapeutics and vaccines. Here we report the engineering of a chimeric virus vaccine candidate (YF-ZIKprM/E) by replacing the antigenic surface glycoproteins and the capsid anchor of YFV-17D with those of a prototypic Asian lineage ZIKV isolate. By intracellular passaging, a variant with adaptive mutations in the E protein was obtained. Unlike YFV-17D, YF-ZIKprM/E replicates poorly in mosquito cells. Also, YF-ZIKprM/E does not cause disease nor mortality in interferon α/β, and γ receptor KO AG129 mice nor following intracranial inoculation of BALB/c pups. A single dose as low as 1 × 102 PFU results, as early as 7 days post vaccination, in seroconversion to neutralizing antibodies and confers full protection in AG129 mice against stringent challenge with a lethal inoculum (105 LD50) of either homologous or heterologous ZIKV strains. Induction of multi-functional CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses against ZIKV structural and YFV-17D non-structural proteins indicates that cellular immunity may also contribute to protection. Vaccine immunogenicity and protection was confirmed in other mouse strains, including after temporal blockade of interferon-receptors in wild-type mice to facilitate ZIKV replication. Vaccination of wild-type NMRI dams with YF-ZIKprM/E results in complete protection of foetuses against brain infections and malformations following a stringent intraplacental challenge with an epidemic ZIKV strain. The particular characteristic of YF-ZIKprM/E in terms of efficacy and its marked attenuation in mice warrants further exploration as a vaccine candidate.
Molecular evolution of juvenile hormone esterase-like proteins in a socially exchanged fluid
Authors: LeBoeuf Adria C. , Cohanim Amir B. , Stoffel Céline , Brent Colin S. , Waridel Patrice , Privman Eyal , Keller Laurent , Benton Richard 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSocially exchanged fluids are a direct means by which an organism can influence conspecifics. It was recently shown that when workers of the carpenter antCamponotus floridanusfeed larval offspring via trophallaxis, they transfer Juvenile Hormone III (JH), a key developmental regulator, as well as paralogs of JH esterase (JHE), an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of JH. Here we combine proteomic, phylogenetic and selection analyses to investigate the evolution of this esterase subfamily. We show thatCamponotusJHE-like proteins have undergone multiple duplications, experienced positive selection, and changed tissue localization to become abundantly and selectively present in trophallactic fluid. TheCamponotustrophallactic esterases have maintained their catalytic triads and contain a number of positively-selected amino acid changes distributed throughout the protein, which possibly reflect an adaptation to the highly acidic trophallactic fluid of formicine ants. To determine whether these esterases might regulate larval development, we fed workers with a JHE-specific pharmacological inhibitor to introduce it into the trophallactic network. This inhibitor increased the likelihood of pupation of the larvae reared by these workers, similar to the influence of food supplementation with JH. Together, these findings suggest that JHE-like proteins have evolved a new role in the inter-individual regulation of larval development in theCamponotusgenus.
Predictors of developing Mycobacterium kansasii pulmonary disease within 1 year among patients with single isolation in multiple sputum samples: A retrospective, longitudinal, multicentre study
Authors: Huang Hung-Ling , Cheng Meng-Hsuan , Lu Po-Liang , Liu Chia-Jung , Chong Inn-Wen , Wang Jann-Yuan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe clinical significance of a single Mycobacterium kansasii (MK) isolation in multiple sputum samples remains unknown. We conducted this study to evaluate the outcome and predictors of developing MK-pulmonary disease (PD) within 1 year among these patients. Patients with a single MK isolation from ≥3 sputum samples collected within 3 months and ≥2 follow-up sputum samples and chest radiography in the subsequent 9 months between 2008 and 2016 were included. The primary outcome was development of MK-PD within 1 year, with its predictors explored using multivariate logistic regression analysis. A total of 83 cases of a single MK isolation were identified. The mean age was 68.9 ± 17.9, with a male/female ratio of 1.96. Within 1 year, 16 (19%) cases progressed to MK-PD; risk factors included high acid-fast smear (AFS) grade (≥3), elementary occupation workers, and initial radiographic score >6, whereas coexistence with other nontuberculous mycobacterium species was protective. Among patients who developed MK-PD, all experienced radiographic progression, and 44% died within 1 year. Although a single MK isolation does not fulfil the diagnostic criteria of MK-PD, this disease may develop if having above-mentioned risk factors. Early anti-MK treatment should be considered for high-risk patients.
The cotton HD-Zip transcription factor GhHB12 regulates flowering time and plant architecture via the GhmiR157-GhSPL pathway
Authors: He Xin , Wang Tianyi , Xu Zheng , Liu Nian , Wang Lichen , Hu Qin , Luo Xiangyin , Zhang Xianlong , Zhu Longfu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDomestication converts perennial and photoperiodic ancestral cotton to day-neutral cotton varieties, and the selection of short-season cotton varieties is one of the major objectives of cotton breeding. However, little is known about the mechanism of flowering time in cotton. Here, we report a cotton HD-ZIP I-class transcription factor (GhHB12) specifically expressed in axillary buds, which antagonisticlly interacts with GhSPL10/13 to repress the expression of GhFT, GhFUL, and GhSOC1, resulting in bushy architecture and delayed flowering under long-day conditions. We found that GhHB12-mediated ancestral upland cotton phenotypes (bushy architecture and delayed flowering) could be rescued under short-day conditions. We showed that overexpressing of GhrSPL10 partially rescues the bushy architecture and delayed flowering phenotypes, while overexpression of GhmiR157 reinforced these phenotypes in GhHB12-overexpressing plants. This study defines a regulatory module which regulates cotton architecture, phase transition and could be applied in the breeding of early maturing cotton varieties.
Strong defocusing of molecular reaction times results from an interplay of geometry and reaction control
Authors: Grebenkov Denis S. , Metzler Ralf , Oshanin Gleb 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTextbook concepts of diffusion-versus kinetic-control are well-defined for reaction-kinetics involving macroscopic concentrations of diffusive reactants that are adequately described by rate-constants—the inverse of the mean-first-passage-time to the reaction-event. In contradiction, an open important question is whether the mean-first-passage-time alone is a sufficient measure for biochemical reactions that involve nanomolar reactant concentrations. Here, using a simple yet generic, exactly solvable model we study the effect of diffusion and chemical reaction-limitations on the full reaction-time distribution. We show that it has a complex structure with four distinct regimes delineated by three characteristic time scales spanning a window of several decades. Consequently, the reaction-times are defocused: no unique time-scale characterises the reaction-process, diffusion- and kinetic-control can no longer be disentangled, and it is imperative to know the full reaction-time distribution. We introduce the concepts of geometry- and reaction-control, and also quantify each regime by calculating the corresponding reaction depth.
A broadband spectral analysis of 4U 1702-429 using XMM-Newton and BeppoSAX data
Authors: Mazzola S. M. , Iaria R. , Di Salvo T. , Del Santo M. , Sanna A. , Gambino A. F. , Riggio A. , Segreto A. , Burderi L. , Santangelo A. , D’Amico N. 
Published: December 2018

Context. Most of the X-ray binary systems containing neutron stars classified as Atoll sources show two different spectral states, referred to as soft and hard. Moreover, a large number of these systems show a reflection component relativistically smeared in their spectra, which provides information on the innermost region of the system.
Aims. Our aim is to investigate the poorly studied broadband spectrum of the low-mass X-ray binary system 4U 1702-429, which was recently analysed combining XMM-Newton and INTEGRAL data. The peculiar value of the reflection fraction brought us to analyse further broadband spectra of 4U 1702-429.
Methods. We re-analysed the spectrum of the XMM-Newton/INTEGRAL observation of 4U 1702-429 in the 0.3–60 keV energy range and we extracted three 0.1–100 keV spectra of the source analysing three observations collected with the BeppoSAX satellite.
Results. We find that the XMM-Newton/INTEGRAL spectrum is well fitted using a model composed of a disc blackbody plus a Comptonised component and a smeared reflection component. We used the same spectral model for the BeppoSAX spectra, finding that the addition of a smeared reflection component is statistically significant. The best-fit values of the parameters are compatible to each other for the BeppoSAX spectra. We find that the reflection fraction is 0.05−0.01+0.3 for the XMM-Newton/INTEGRAL spectrum and between 0.15 and 0.4 for the BeppoSAX ones.
Conclusions. The relative reflection fraction and the ionisation parameter are incompatible between the XMM-Newton/INTEGRAL and the BeppoSAX observations and the characteristics of the Comptonising corona suggest that the source was in a soft state in the former observation and in a hard state in the latter.
OSSOS
Authors: Cabral Nahuel , Guilbert-Lepoutre Aurélie , Fraser Wesley C. , Marsset Michaël , Volk Kathryn , Petit Jean-Marc , Rousselot Philippe , Alexandersen Mike , Bannister Michele T. , Chen Ying-Tung , Gladman Brett , Gwyn Stephen D. J. , Kavelaars John J. 
Published: December 2018

Context. Centaurs are icy objects in transition between the trans-Neptunian region and the inner solar system, orbiting the Sun in the giant planet region. Some centaurs display cometary activity, which cannot be sustained by the sublimation of water ice in this part of the solar system, and has been hypothesized to be due to the crystallization of amorphous water ice.
Aims. In this work, we investigate centaurs discovered by the Outer Solar System Origins Survey (OSSOS) and search for cometary activity. Tentative detections would improve understanding of the origins of activity among these objects.
Methods. We search for comae and structures by fitting and subtracting both point spread functions and trailed point-spread functions from the OSSOS images of each centaur. When available, Col-OSSOS images were used to search also for comae.
Results. No cometary activity is detected in the OSSOS sample. We track the recent orbital evolution of each new centaur to confirm that none would actually be predicted to be active, and we provide size estimates for the objects.
Conclusions. The addition of 20 OSSOS objects to the population of ~250 known centaurs is consistent with the currently understood scenario, in which drastic drops in perihelion distance induce changes in the thermal balance prone to trigger cometary activity in the giant planet region.
A uniform spatial allocation strategy in solving water resources optimization dispatch problem
Authors: Sun Jiahui , Lei Xiaohui , Liang Ji , Wang Chao , Men Liang 
Published: December 2018

Along with social economy development, the total water consumption increased year by year. The conflicts between water supply and water consumption is growing. Water resources optimization dispatch, which is used to allocate water resources to meet the demand of water user on both time scale and spatial scale, plays an important role in water resources management. Aiming at improving the spatial allocation ability of traditional optimization algorithms, a uniform spatial allocation strategy is proposed accordingly. The proposed method is used to improve the performance of optimization algorithm to obtain solutions which can uniform the water supply in spatial scale. Simulation results show that the maximum ratio of water deficiency gained by the proposed method is smaller than that obtained by the original algorithm. The proposed method is effective to balance the demand of water users in spatial scale.
Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 10th International Conference on Applied Energy (ICAE2018).
On fast and slow Earth’s magnetospheric dynamics during geomagnetic storms: a stochastic Langevin approach
Authors: Alberti Tommaso , Consolini Giuseppe , De Michelis Paola , Laurenza Monica , Marcucci Maria Federica 
Published: December 2018

The Earth’s magnetosphere responds to the external changes of interplanetary magnetic field and solar wind conditions showing a multiscale dynamics, manifesting in the occurrence of fluctuations over a very wide range of timescales. Here, using an approach based on a Langevin/Fokker-Planck description we investigate the nature of the fast (short-) and slow (long-timescale) fluctuations of SYM-H index during geomagnetic storms. The results point towards a different origin of the fast (τ < 200 min) and slow (τ > 200 min) fluctuations, which are characterized by state functions of different nature. In detail, the state function associated with the slow dynamics shows the evidence of the occurrence of first-order-like topological phase transition during the different phases of a geomagnetic storm, while the fast dynamics seems to be characterized by a quasi-invariant quadratic state function. A modeling in terms of stochastic Langevin equation is discussed and the relevance of our results in the framework of Space Weather studies is outlined.
Lust und Frust ...
Authors: Hertlein Margit 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungErnüchterung und Frust sind im Beruf der Neugier-Killer Nummer 1. Wer bei allem Neuen kein bisschen Interesse und Neugier mehr verspürt, der denkt bald
nur noch an die Mühen im Alltag und will am Ende nur noch seine Ruhe.
Jedem Patienten die richtige Entlassung
Authors: Mört Matthias 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungCase Management hilft dabei, dass die Patienten trotz kürzerer Verweildauer während und nach dem Klinikaufenthalt optimal versorgt sind. Eine gute Zusammenarbeit
zwischen Sozialdienst und Pflegeüberleitung sichert eine frühe und bedarfsgerechte Entlassungsplanung.
Schulungen aus einem Guss
Authors: Schwarz Simone 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungMenschen mit kognitiver Einschränkung stecken einen Klinikaufenthalt nicht so einfach weg. Raus aus der gewohnten Umgebung verlieren sie leicht die Orientierung.
Pflegende sind im Stationsalltag oft überfordert. Die Sana Kliniken AG hat nun ein Schulungskonzept entwickelt, in dem die Mitarbeiter entscheiden können,
wie sie lernen.
Transkranielle Gleichstromstimulation (tDCS) in der
neurologischen Rehabilitation
Authors: Mehrholz Jan , Elsner Bernhard 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungEin relativ neuer und derzeit populärer Ansatz zur Verbesserung von Funktionen,
die für die neurologische Rehabilitation bedeutsam sind, ist die nichtinvasive
Hirnstimulation. Dieser Artikel rückt die transkranielle Gleichstromstimulation
in den Fokus.
Stabile Koronare Herzkrankheit
Authors: Sechtem Udo , Ong Peter 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungDie optimale Therapie bei Patienten mit stabiler Angina pectoris ist umstritten.
Der therapeutische Ansatz, eine verursachende epikardiale Stenose aufzudehnen
oder zu überbrücken, ist gut nachvollziehbar. Die Ergebnisse der perkutanen
Koronarintervention (PCI) und der Bypassoperation sind aber von Ausnahmen
abgesehen prognostisch nicht besser als die einer konservativ-medikamentösen
Therapie. Die PCI hat bezüglich der Symptomatik kurzfristig zwar leichte
Vorteile im Vergleich zur antianginösen Therapie mit Kurzzeitnitraten,
Calciumantagonisten und/oder Betablockern. Im Verlauf von 1–3 Jahren sind diese
Unterschiede aber nicht mehr nachweisbar. Viele Patienten leiden trotz fehlender
epikardialer Koronarstenosen unter Angina pectoris. Dies wird durch eine
Dysfunktion der Mikrovaskulatur verursacht, die ebenso wie die epikardialen
Koronarstenosen mit den bekannten konventionellen Risikofaktoren arterielle
Hypertonie, Hyperlipidämie, Diabetes mellitus und familiärer Belastung
assoziiert sind. Die mikrovaskuläre Dysfunktion ist auch eine häufige Ursache
für Angina-pectoris-Beschwerden, die nach Revaskularisation persistieren. Wenn
eine prognostische oder symptomatische Indikation zur Revaskularisation besteht,
werden der SYNTAX-Score, das perioperative Risiko und die koronare Anatomie
zurate gezogen, um das beste Revaskularisationsverfahren für den Patienten zu
wählen. Unabhängig von einer Revaskularisation sind eine Änderung des
Lebensstils, die Kontrolle der Risikofaktoren und eine medikamentöse Therapie
mit Thrombozytenaggregationshemmern, Cholesterinsenkern und gegebenenfalls
ACE-Hemmern/AT1-Antagonisten unverzichtbarere Bestandteile der optimalen
Versorgung von Patienten mit stabiler KHK.