bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study on effect of natural and synthetic superdisintegrants in the formulation of orodispersible tablets
Authors: Gandhi Lavika , Akhtar Semimul 
Published: April 2019

Now-a-days, Orodispersible drug delivery systems are extensively used to improve bioavailability and patient compliance. Over the past three decades, Orodispersible tablets (ODTs) have gained considerable attention as a preferred alternative to conventional tablets and capsules due to better patient compliance, improved solubility and stability profiles. ODTs are solid dosage forms containing medicinal substances which disintegrate rapidly, usually in a matter of seconds, when placed on the tongue. New ODT technologies address many pharmaceutical and patient needs, ranging from enhanced life-cycle management to convenient dosing for paediatric, geriatric, and psychiatric patients with dysphagia. The therapeutic activity of these formulations is obtained through a typical manner like disintegration followed by dissolution. Hence disintegration has major role for facilitating drug activity. In recent years, several newer agents have been developed known as superdisintegrants. The objective of the present article is to highlight the various kinds of superdisintegrants (Natural & Synthetic) along with their role in tablet disintegration and drug release, which are being used in the formulation to provide the safer, effective drug delivery with patient compliance.
Keywords: ODTs, Orodispersible tablets, Disintegrants, Superdisintegrants, Natural, and Synthetic.
Isolation and study of a Saponin (Echinocystic acid-3-o-α-l–Rhamnopyranosyl (1→5)–o–β-d–xylofuranosyl (1→5)–o–β-d–Arabinofuranosyl (1 → 4)–o–β-d–Glucopyranoside) from the leaves of Clematis nepaulensis D.C.
Authors: Shrivastava Kumud 
Published: April 2019

A saponin (echinocystic acid-3-o- α -l – rhamnopyranosyl (1 à 5) – o – β - d – xylofuranosyl (1 à 5) – o – β - d – arabinofuranosyl (1 à 4) – o – β - d –glucopyranoside)have been isolated and identified from the leaves of clematis nepaulensis. Repeated chromatographic manipulations and spectral analysis (IR, 1H-NMR, and Mass) suggested the structure of saponin.
Keywords: Saponin, Echinocystic acid, Isolation, spectral analysis
Evaluation of bioactive compounds from Jasminum polyanthum and its medicinal properties
Authors: Jaya Prakkash M.A , Ragunathan R. , Jesteena Johney 
Published: April 2019

Jasmine plant species are widely grown in Asia and used for religious offering, is known to have wide range of bioactive compounds and its properties. Most of the jasmine species have been evaluated its bioactive properties and found positive results. This work consists of evaluating bioactive properties of jasmine species, Jasminum polyanthum and finding its potential medicinal uses. The plant leaves and flowers were powdered and added water to prepare extract. Both leaves and flower extract was evaluated for phytochemical compounds, anti oxidant, anti diabetic, anti inflammatory, anti microbial, anti cancer and DNA nicking assay. The leaf and flower extract contained most of the phytochemical compounds which leads to presence of various bioactive properties. Leaf possesses good DPPH activity, while flower possess high phenol content and FRAP activity. Leaf possesses good anti diabetic activity, while flower possess good anti inflammatory activity. Flower extract consists of higher antibacterial activity than leaf, while in antifungal it is vice versa.
Keywords: Anti-diabetic, Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant activity, MTT Assay, DNA Nicking study
Formulation and development of some BCS Class II drugs
Authors: Marapur SC , Jat Rakesh Kumar , Patil J S 
Published: April 2019

The aim of this research was to develop and evaluate liquisolid compacts of Ezetimibe a bcs class II drug. The series of formulations containing Ezetimibe drug were formulated by using aerosil a colloidal silicone dioxide and avicel PH microcrystalline cellulose in different ratios by using suitable solvent. Solubility studies were performed in propylene glycol and polyethylene glycol (PEG-200, 400, 600) for the choice of the best non volatile liquid to dissolve Ezetimibe. On the basis of the solubility data PG was chosen as a good solvent for the Ezetimibe. Ezetimibe was dissolved in solvent PG for the preparation of solution of drug. The coating and carrier materials transferred to the drug solution and added 5% of disintegrating agent (Croscarmellose) was mixed completely and the blend is compressed into compacts. Formulated compacts were evaluated for all post compression parameters and the in-vitro drug release study was carried out. All the formulations have shown a very good drug release in 15 min except compressibility problems due to higher812 loading factor of liquid vehicle for the formulations. The selected formulation F11 containing 30% of drug solution has shown good drug release of 100.01% in 15 min compared to dissolution of pure drug and marketed tablet which shown 45.5% and 81.6 % respectively.No interactions were found between drug and polymers in FITR as well as DSC. XRD of selected formulation shows that drug present in the formulation is in amorphous form.
Keywords: Ezetimibe HCl, Avicel PH, Aerosil 200, Propylene glycol, liquisolid compacts
Synthesis, in-vitro characterization and pharmacological evaluation of conjugates of flurbiprofen and polysaccharides for colon specific drug delivery
Authors: Soni P , Soni K , Choudhary GP 
Published: April 2019

The aim of the study was to prepare site specific drug delivery of flurbiprofen using polysaccharides by the formation of glycosidic linkage which is hydrolysed by the microflora present in colon. This approach prevents drug release in the upper gastrointestinal environment. Due to the minimal degradation of conjugates in upper Git, the in vitro drug release in SGF, SIF and SCF was found upto 4.26±0.03%, 12.41±0.08% and 92.72±3.33% respectively.
Keywords: Colon specific drug delivery, Conjugates, Flurbiprofen, Microbial system.
Antibiotic Resistance in Malaysia, and its Public Health Implications
Authors: Meer Ahmad A.M. 
Published: April 2019

The World Health Organization (WHO) notes high-rates of resistance among bacteria associated with common illness in all the WHO-regions - both hospital-acquired and community-acquired (WHO 2014). An estimated 2 million cases of antibiotic-resistance are reported in the US annually, causing 23,000 deaths. With reference to such, the US CDC states that about 30% of the total-annual 150 million prescriptions for antibiotics is not justified. There is a need for greater prudence in the use involving joint-efforts in surveillance, public health awareness additionally, and in formulating clear policies on procurement and prudent use.
Keywords: Antibiotic Resistance, Public Health, prescriptions
Chemical Modification: A unique solutions to Solubility problem
Authors: Patel M. Siddik N. , Ahmed Mohd Hasib , Saqib Mohammad , Shaikh Siraj N 
Published: April 2019

Almost 40% of the new chemical entities at present self find out poorly water soluble drugs. Badly water soluble drugs have solubility and dissolution related bioavailability problems. Solubility is one of the most important parameter to give desired concentration of drug in systemic circulation to get its pharmacological response. Orally administered drugs obtained completely absorb only when they show fair solubility in gastric medium and such drugs shows good bioavailability. The solubility and dissolution properties of drugs perform an valuable role in the process of formulation development. Enhancement of solubility of drug is the most challenging job in drug development process. Solubilization may be affected by co solvent water interaction, micellar solubilization, reduction in particle size, inclusion complexes, solid dispersion, and change in polymorph. This review highlight various techniques of solubility enhancement with special emphasis on Chemical modification methods like Salt formation, Co-crystallization, Co-solvency, Hydrotropy, use of novel solubilizer etc along with physical modification techniques.
Keywords: Salt formation, Co-crystallization, Solubility, particle technologies, Milling solubility enhancement, Cosolvent, physical and chemical methods.
Nanosuspensions as a promising approach to enhance bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs : An update
Authors: Azimullah Stanekzai , Vikrant , , Sudhakar CK , Kumar Pankaj , Patil Akshay , Md. Usman Md. Rageeb , Shaikh Usman Mohammed Zuber 
Published: April 2019

Solubility is a vital factor for devloping drug delivery systems for poorly water soluble drugs. Several conventional approaches for enhancement of solubility have limited applicability, especially when the drugs are poorly water soluble. Nanosuspension technology can be used to enhance the solubilty, stability as well as the bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs. Nanosuspensions are biphasic systems comperising of pure drug particles dispersed in an aqueous vehicle, stabilized by surfac active agents. Fabrication of nanosuspension is simple and more advantageous than other approaches. Techniques like high-pressure homogenization, wet milling, emulsification, solvent evaporation, bottom up technology and top down technology have been applicable in the fabrication of nanosuspensions. Nanosuspension delivery is possible by several routes, such as oral, pulmonary, parenteral and ocular routes. Nanosuspension not only solves solubility and bioavailability issue, but improve drug safety and efficacy. In this context, we reviewed the current techniques used to develop nanosuspensions and their recents studies application in drug delivery system.
Keywords : Solubility, fabrication, Characterization, Applications, Nanosuspension.
Solubility enhancement (Solid Dispersions) novel boon to increase bioavailability
Authors: Pawar Sandip R. , Barhate Shashikant D. 
Published: April 2019

The solubility of a solute is the maximum quantity of solute that can dissolve in a certain quantity of solvent or quantity of solution at a specified temperature. Solubility is one of the important parameter to achieve desired concentration of drug in systemic circulation for pharmacological response to be shown. Solubility is essential for the therapeutic effectiveness of the drug, independent of the route of administration. Low aqueous solubility is the major problem encountered with formulation development of new chemical entities as well as for the generic development. Poorly soluble drugs are often a challenging task for formulators in the industry Conventional approaches for enhancement of solubility have limited applicability, especially when the drugs are poorly soluble simultaneously in aqueous and in non-aqueous media. Drug with poor water solubility cause slow dissolution rates, generally show erratic and incomplete absorption leading to low bioavailability when administered orally. Solubilization may be affected by cosolvent water interaction, micellar solubilization, reduction in particle size, inclusion complexes, solid dispersion, and change in polymorph. Some new technologies are also available to increase the solubility like micro emulsion, self-emulsifying drug delivery system and supercritical fluid technology. This present review details about the different approaches used for the enhancement of the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs include particle size reduction, nanonization, pH adjustment, solid dispersion, complexation, co‐solvency, hydrotropy etc. The purpose of this article is to describe the techniques of solubilization for the attainment of effective absorption and improved bioavailability.
Keywords: Solubility, Solubility Enhancement, bioavailability, solid dispersion, Solid Dispersion, Solubilization.
THE Drug utilization pattern of gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant women and complication of gestational diabetes mellitus in mother and newborn in a secondary care hospital: A retrospective study
Authors: Ganesan V , Raju Junitha , Abhraham Nino Mariyam 
Published: April 2019

The present study was a retrospective study, carried out by total of 100 cases in the Obstetric And Gynaecology department of a secondary care hospital, Tiruppur, Tamil Nadu. There were 100 pregnant women who had gestational diabetes. Increasing gravida (secondary gravida G2 -44% ) shows more prevalence of GDM than primi (34%).Body Mass Index , family history of diabetes and previous history of GDM shows more significance in occurring GDM. Among 100 population, 45% patients receiving insulin with medical nutritional therapy (MNT) ,30% patients receiving medical nutritional therapy (MNT) alone , 11% patients receiving medical nutritional therapy (MNT) with metformin, 3% patients receiving medical nutritional therapy (MNT) with Oral Hypoglycaemic Agents (OHA) and insulin , 3% patients receiving insulin alone and 8% patients didn’t receiving any therapy. Overall 96% of women with GDM had one or more complications and 4% had no complication. From this , 35.89% patients shows caesarean delivery with recurrent GDM, followed by 10.25% patients shows caesarean delivery with polyhydramnios, 15.38% patients shows caesarean delivery with Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH).Overall 74% of new-borns had one or more complications and 27% had no complication. 24.32% patients shows macrosomia with neonatal hypoglycaemia, 16.21% patients shows macrosomia with preterm birth, 13.52% patients shows macrosomia with hyperbilirubinemia. Our study concludes that the complications arise from GDM to both mother and new-borns can be resolved and minimised by proper diagnosis and appropriate treatment during the pregnancy.
Keywords: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Drug Utilization Pattern, Complications, Oral Glucose Tolerence Test
Causes of deferrals during blood donation on healthy people of Gurugram: A crossectional study
Authors: Sah Ashok Kumar , Jayaswal Rajesh Prasad , Meenakshi , , Vijyasimha M 
Published: April 2019

Blood transfusion is a life-saving process usually indicated for blood loss, surgical procedure, and accidental cases. The supply of blood to the recipients during emergency conditions are expected to be fulfilled by organizing blood donation camps especially at colleges, universities, offices, shopping malls, private/government organizations, army and police stations. Such camps collect essential information from the volunteer donors which may further help to study the causes of donor deferrals in different populations. In the present study, the causes of temporary and permanent deferral among the people of Gurugram was analyzed. In 431 donors registration, total deferrals cases were 110 and the most common reason for deferrals were anemia, low BP, animal bite, typhoid, and menstrual cycle etc. The number of female deferrals was higher than that of males. Our study revealed temporary and permanent deferral causes and motivated temporary deferral cases for future donations while those with permanent deferral conditions were advised for proper medications.
Keywords: Blood Donation, Donor, Deferral, Anemia, Transfusion
Formulation and In-vitro evaluation of liposomal drug delivery system of metformin HCl
Authors: L Subbramanian , Anitha Rani M , Rajasekaran T , Ramanathan M , Solairaj P 
Published: April 2019

Metformin is widely used for the treatment of diabetes; the intention of the present study was to formulate Metformin HCl liposomes for a sustained drug delivery system. It have the advantages of dose reduction, less dosing frequency, minimize the side effect, prolong the action of drug and thus achieve better patient compliance. The liposomes were prepared by physical dispersion and ether injection method. Soya lecithin and cholesterol were used for encapsulating the drug, it facilitates to release the medicaments in sustained manner. Chloroform, ether and methanol were used as a solvent. Phosphate buffer pH 6.8 was used as a hydration medium for loading the drug. The final liposome was evaluated in various quality parameters of drug entrapment efficiency, morphological analysis, particle size analysis, in-vitro drug release studies and stability studies. In the two methods of metformin liposome formulation the ether injection method showed prolonged action when compared to physical dispersion method. In the parameters of drug entrapment and stability physical dispersion method was shows better results.
Keywords: Physical dispersion, ether injection, soya lecithin, cholesterol, morphological analysis, metformin.
Characterization and Estimation of Harpagoside in Dried Root Extract and Oral Powder Formulations of Harpagophytum Procumbens by Validated RP-HPLC-PDA Method
Authors: Nalluri Buchi N , Sujithkumar S 
Published: April 2019

The present investigation was undertaken to perform structural, physicochemical characterization and to estimate the harpagoside in dried root extract and flavoured powder formulations of harpagophytum procumbens (devils claw). The extraction of harpagoside from the root extract was carried out using different solvents and the harpagoside content was estimated using an RP-HPLC-PDA method. The HPLC analysis was carried out using methanol: 0.02% formic acid (60:40 v/v) as the mobile phase, pumped at flow rate of 1mL/min through C18 column (Kinetex XB, 150x4.6mm, 5µ). The structural and physicochemical characterization of the root extract was performed using FT-IR, DSC and SEM analysis. Flavoured powder formulations (effervescent and non-effervescent) of the root extract were prepared and the harpagoside content was estimated by HPLC method. Higher percentage of harpagoside (1.6 %) was extracted with water as extraction solvent when compared to methanol and methanol: water (50:50 v/v). The developed RP-HPLC-PDA method resulted in shorter elution time (harpagoside was eluted at 5.3min) and the method was linear with good regression coefficient (R2>0.998) within the concentration range tested (0.2-4µg/mL). The FT-IR spectra of root extract showed the presence of characteristic peaks corresponding to the harpagoside and the results from photomicrographs and SEM analysis revealed spherical morphology of the particles in the extract. The prepared powdered formulations readily dispersed and dissolved in water and showed more than 98% of harpagoside content even after 6months time period indicating the stability of the formulations. Overall, the results from the present investigation can form basis to establish standardization parameters for formulations containing root extract of devil’s claw.
Keywords: Harpagophytum procumbens, Structural and physicochemical characterization, RP-HPLC-PDA method, FT-IR, DSC, SEM.
Floating type drug delivery system: a review
Authors: Datir S K , Patil P.B. , Saudagar R.B. 
Published: April 2019

Floating Type drug delivery system retains the dosage form for a long span. They provide local delivery to specific region like stomach and proximal small intestine and shows better bioavailability and improve therapeutic activity and substantial benefit to patients. FDDS is one of the novel drug delivery system to prolong gastric retention time. Various forms of gastro retentive drug delivery system, such as floating and non- floating.
Keywords: Floating Drug Delivery System, Classification effervescent, non-effervescent, and Factors affecting FDDS.
Stevia (Meethi Patti) as an alternative form of sugar
Authors: Rather Ashaq Hussain , Singh S. , Suhail Basharat , Patel Ghanshyam 
Published: April 2019

Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) is a herb. Stevioside, non-caloric sweetener present in the leaves of Stevia are non-nutritive, non-toxic, high-potency sweeteners and being 300 times sweeter than sucrose may be alternate for sucrose as well as other synthetic sweeteners. This review summarizes history of Stevia, nutritional composition of Stevia, cultivation, industrial overview and biological applications.
Keywords: Stevia rebaudiana, Stevioside, Sweetener
Phytopharmacological review of Bunium persicum (Boiss)B. fedtsch.
Authors: SHAH ZAHIDA , Ali Tabasum , Shafi Sabeeha 
Published: April 2019

Bunium persicum(BOISS)B.Fedtsch belonging to family Apiaceae is native to the region of the limited zones of the West Asia, Kherman and grows to the areas of North Khorasan and Kheraman, East of the Zagros range to Bandar Abbaas and south area of the Albroz range in Iran. It is also found in North western parts of Himalayas. Bunium persicum is found growing naturally in sub-alpine and alpine habitats of North Western Himalayas. It is a perennial herb, dwarf 30cm to tall 80cm and its flowers are small, white in color.
Keywords: Bunium persicum, Apiaceae, North-Western Himalayas, Perrenial Herb
Formulation development, characterization and assessment of In-Vitro antifungal efficacy against Candida albicans of diallyl disulphide liposomal gel using 32 factorial design
Authors: Gupta Sneha Birju , Bhairy Srinivas Rajesham , Hirlekar Rajashree Shreeram 
Published: April 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop the diallyl disulphide (DADS) liposomal dispersion and further the dispersion was to formulate into gel.
Methods: The DADS liposomal system was developed using thin film hydration method. 32 factorial design was employed to study the effect of various factors to obtain the optimized liposomal system. Further, it was converted to gel using suitable gelling agent. The optimized liposomal system and gel formulations were evaluated for various parameters. The optimized gel was evaluated for its in-vitro antifungal efficacy. The stability studies for gel were carried as per International conference on harmonisation (ICH) guidelines.
Results: The optimized liposomal system was having vesicle size of 208.6nm, % entrapment was 91.7±1.16% and loading was 11.12±0.23%. % drug permeation was 61.10±0.85%. The zeta potential showed moderate stability. The optimized DADS liposomal gel showed satisfactory results. Ex-vivo permeation studies showed that DADS liposomal gel possesses sustained release and drug retention study proved better retention of DADS from liposomal gel than conventional gel in skin. The stability studies showed DADS liposomal gel was stable for 30 days at 25℃/60%RH, 40℃/75%RH and refrigeration (5±3℃).
Conclusion: The results from the present study show that the sustained release profile of optimized DADS liposomal gel. The retention of DADS from liposomal gel was more than from conventional gel which helps in better pharmacological activity with least side effects.
Keywords: Diallyl disulphide (DADS), liposomal gel, permeation, sustained release and antifungal activity.
Inflammation the Kingpin of Chronic Diseases Naturopathy as an alternative source of treatment: An updated overview
Authors: Shah Zahida , Ali Tabasum 
Published: April 2019

Inflammation involves a sequence of events which can be categorized under three phases viz. acute transient phase, delayed sub-acute phase and chronic proliferate phase. Inflammatory mediators develop due to enhanced vascular permeability and leads to local edema. It is followed by the migration of leukocytes and phagocytes from blood to vascular tissues which is the second phase, in the third phase, tissue degradation is followed by fibrosis. There is a powerful link between chronic diseases and chronic inflammatory disorders. Chronic low-level inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of these several diseases like Heart disease, Cancer, Chronic lower respiratory disease, Stroke, Alzheimer’s, Diabetes, and Nephritis. The harmful side effects of synthetic drugs are numerous and there stands up the need of herbal drugs which are cost effective and free from side-effects. Several traditional ayurvedic phytomedicines have been used in the treatment of inflammatory disorders like Ocimum sanctum, Hypericum peroratum, Boswellic serrata, Ficus racemosa etc. which act as natural anti-inflammatory agents that can help in reducing the complications associated with chronic diseases.
Key Words: Inflammation, Chronic-low level inflammation, Cancer, Diabetes, Phytomedicines