bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical value of automated fibrin generation markers in patients with septic shock: a SepsiCoag ancillary study
Authors: Gris Jean‐Christophe , Cochery‐Nouvellon Eva , Bouvier Sylvie , Jaber Samir , Albanese Jacques , Constantin Jean‐Michel , Orban Jean‐Christophe , Morel Jérôme , Leone Marc , Deras Pauline , Elotmani Loubna , Lavigne‐Lissalde Géraldine , Lefrant Jean‐Yves 
Published: September 2018

SummaryAn ancillary analysis to the SepsiCoag multicentric prospective observational study on patients entering an intensive care unit with septic shock evaluated the prognostic potential of fibrin generation markers (FGMs) tested at inclusion in the study, on survival at day 30. After centralization of samples, three automated FGMs were compared: D‐dimers (DDi), fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) and fibrin monomers (FM). FM was the single FGM that was significantly higher in non‐surviving patients, area under the receiver‐operator characteristic curve (AUCROC): 0·617, P < 0·0001. Significantly higher International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (ISTH DIC) scores were calculated in non‐survivors using each of the three FGMs. A dose‐effect relationship was observed between ISTH DIC scores and non‐survival, with highest significance obtained using FM as the FGM. An overt DIC diagnosis using the ISTH DIC score calculated using FM was a predictor of non‐survival at day 30, independently from overt DIC diagnosis based on scores calculated using FDP or DDi. The AUCROC values testing the ability of the ISTH DIC score to predict non‐survival were 0·650, 0·624 and 0·602 using FM, DDi and FDP, respectively, as the FGM. In patients with septic shock, among the commercially‐available automated assays, automated FM is the FGM best related with late prognosis.
Relevance of low specific IgE levels to egg, milk and peanut in infancy
Authors: Nilsson Sara Fagerstedt , Lilja Gunnar , Järnbert‐Pettersson Hans , Alm Johan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundIgE sensitization is usually associated with allergy‐related diseases, but may also occur in asymptomatic individuals. The clinical importance of IgE antibody concentrations in the interval 0.1‐0.34 kU/L in early life in relation to allergy development is poorly evaluated.ObjectiveTo assess the relevance of low specific IgE (s‐IgE) to hen’s egg, cow’s milk and peanut at 6 months of age for development of sensitization and allergy‐related disease during early childhood.Methodss‐IgE concentrations to relevant allergens from blood samples taken at 6 months and 1, 2 and 5 years from children in the prospective ALADDIN cohort were divided into three categories: non‐sensitized (<0.1 kU/L), low sensitized (0.1‐0.34 kU/L) and sensitized (≥0.35 kU/L) and allergy‐related disease assessed.ResultsA total of 372 children were included in this study. Compared with non‐sensitized children at 6 months of age, children with low levels of allergen specific IgE (0.1‐0.34 kU/L) to food allergens, especially to egg, at 6 months of age were associated with development of sensitization to aeroallergens at 5 years of age (10/14 [71%] vs 39/250 [15%]). In addition, children with low levels to egg or milk at 6 months were more often sensitized to the respective allergen at 1 year of age and, regarding low levels to egg, also to the development of eczema (6/18 [33%] vs 29/292 [10%]).Conclusion & Clinical RelevanceIgE antibody concentrations in the interval 0.1‐0.34 kU/L to food allergens in infancy seem to increase the probability of sensitization to aeroallergens and, regarding low levels to egg, also of eczema during early childhood. Thus, IgE levels during the first year of life, although below 0.35 kU/L, can provide additional allergy‐related prognostic information.
Association of dyslipidaemia and oral statin use, and dry eye disease symptoms in the Blue Mountains Eye Study
Authors: Ooi Kenneth G.‐J. , Lee Ming‐Han H. , Burlutsky George , Gopinath Bamini , Mitchell Paul , Watson Stephanie 
Published: September 2018

ImportanceThere is limited literature on oral statin use and its association with dry eye.BackgroundTo analyse the association between dyslipidaemia, use of oral statin drugs, and symptoms of dry eye disease (DED) among older adults.DesignPopulation‐based study.ParticipantsParticipants of the Blue Mountains Eye Study III (BMESIII), a large cohort study in suburban Sydney, aged 60 years or older (mean age = 74, range = 60–97, n = 1680) were analysed.MethodsInformation on DED symptoms and statin use were obtained from an interviewer‐administered questionnaire. Serum lipid profiles were determined from fasting blood tests.Main Outcome MeasuresThe association of various DED symptoms, as well as their number and their severity, with dyslipidaemia and oral statin intake was evaluated.ResultsAt least one DED symptom was reported in 52% (n = 1029) of the population. Patients with hypercholesterolaemia (>5.5 mmol/L) did not report more DED symptoms than those without hypercholesterolaemia. Neither serum high‐density lipoprotein nor low‐density lipoprotein levels were associated with any DED symptoms. Patients taking oral statins were more likely to report one or more moderate to severe symptoms of DED (odds ratio: 2.054, 95% confidence interval: 1.281–3.295).Conclusions and RelevanceThe association between oral statin use and presence of moderate to severe DED symptomatology is a novel finding that deserves further mechanistic and clinical correlation in order to determine its potential, or lack thereof, for the management of dry eye.
Distinguishing histopathologic features of acantholytic dermatoses and the pattern of acantholytic hypergranulosis
Authors: See Sharlene Helene C. , Peternel Sandra , Adams Derrick , North Jeffrey P. 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundAcantholysis can be seen in multiple skin diseases. Adnexal acantholysis has been regarded as a feature distinguishing pemphigus vulgaris (PV) from acantholytic conditions.MethodsA retrospective review of the histopathologic features of diseases with acantholysis including PV, pemphigus foliaceus (PF), Hailey‐Hailey disease (HHD), Darier disease (DD), Grover disease, and pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) was performed.ResultsBiopsies of PV (n = 49), HHD (n = 27), DD (n = 25), Grover disease (n = 65), and PRP (n = 33) showed suprabasilar acantholysis. Acantholysis was limited to the lower epidermis in PV and PRP, and involved all epidermal layers in HHD, DD, and Grover disease. Acantholysis in PF (n = 38) mainly involved the upper epidermis. Follicular acantholysis occurred more frequently in PV and PF (P < 0.0001). Eccrine acantholysis was found in PV (42%), HHD (18%), PF (13%), and DD (4%). Grover disease, DD, and HHD had greater dyskeratosis (P < 0.0001). Neutrophils were more common in PV, PF, and HHD, while eosinophils were more common in Grover disease and DD. A pattern termed acantholytic hypergranulosis occurred predominantly in PF.ConclusionAdnexal acantholysis does not reliably distinguish PV from PF. The level of acantholysis, degree of dyskeratosis, and acantholytic hypergranulosis are distinguishing features between the two types of pemphigus and other acantholytic disorders.
Rheological properties of sickle erythrocytes in patients with sickle‐cell anemia: The effect of hydroxyurea, fetal hemoglobin, and α‐thalassemia
Authors: Ballas Samir K. , Connes Philippe ,   the Investigators of the Multicenter Study of Hydroxyurea in Sickle Cell Anemia
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveDetermine the effect of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) and α‐thalassemia on red blood cell (RBC) deformability of patients with sickle‐cell anemia (SCA) with and without hydroxyurea (HU).MethodsAdult patients were enrolled in the Sickle Cell Program of the Cardeza Foundation (Thomas Jefferson University) and were followed up prospectively during the period in which the Multicenter Study of Hydroxyurea (MSH) in patients with SCA was conducted. Ninety‐one patients did not receive HU, 20 patients were enrolled in MSH, and 10 patients were enrolled in an open‐label study of HU in SCA. Of the 20 patients enrolled in MSH, 11 took HU and nine took placebo. Control group included 113 normal individuals. Red blood cell deformability index (DI) was measured by ektacytometry.ResultsPatients with SCA taking HU (n = 21) had higher DI than those taking placebo (n = 9) or who were not taking this therapy (n = 91). In patients without therapy, those with α‐thalassemia (n = 31) had higher DI than those without. We showed a significant positive correlation between the level of HbF and DI. SCA patients without α‐thalassemia and HbF <10% (n = 48) had lower DI than patients with α‐thalassemia and HbF <10% (n = 23) and patients with (n = 8) or without α‐thalassemia but with HbF >10% (n = 12). DI measured in patients without α‐thalassemia and HbF >10% was higher than in the three other subgroups.ConclusionElevated levels of HbF with or without HU and α‐thalassemia improve sickle RBC rheology, which, in turn, improve the clinical picture of SCA.
Evolutionarily stable communities: a framework for understanding the role of trait evolution in the maintenance of diversity
Authors: Edwards Kyle F. , Kremer Colin T. , Miller Elizabeth T. , Osmond Matthew M. , Litchman Elena , Klausmeier Christopher A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBiological diversity depends on the interplay between evolutionary diversification and ecological mechanisms allowing species to coexist. Current research increasingly integrates ecology and evolution over a range of timescales, but our common conceptual framework for understanding species coexistence requires better incorporation of evolutionary processes. Here, we focus on the idea ofevolutionarily stable communities(ESCs), which are theoretical endpoints of evolution in a community context. We useESCs as a unifying framework to highlight some important but under‐appreciated theoretical results, and we review empirical research relevant to these theoretical predictions. We explain how, in addition to generating diversity, evolution can also limit diversity by reducing the effectiveness of coexistence mechanisms. The coevolving traits of competing species may either diverge or converge, depending on whether the number of species in the community is low (undersaturated) or high (oversaturated) relative to theESC. Competition in oversaturated communities can lead to extinction or neutrally coexisting, ecologically equivalent species. It is critical to consider trait evolution when investigating fundamental ecological questions like the strength of different coexistence mechanisms, the feasibility of ecologically equivalent species, and the interpretation of different patterns of trait dispersion.
Male mate choice in the chameleon grasshopper (Kosciuscola tristis)
Authors: Muschett Giselle , Umbers Kate D. L. , Herberstein Marie E. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn many species, males can increase their fitness by mating with the highest quality females. Female quality can be indicated by cues, such as body size, age and mating status. In the alpine grasshopper Kosciuscola tristis, males can be found riding on subadult females early in the season, and as the season progresses, males engage in fights over ovipositing females. These observations suggest that males may be competing for females that are either unmated (early season) or sperm‐depleted (late season). We thus hypothesised that male K. tristis may be choosy in relation to female mating status, and specifically, we predicted that males prefer females that are unmated. We conducted behavioural experiments in which males were given the choice of two females, one mated and one unmated. Contrary to our prediction, males did not mate preferentially with unmated females. However, copulation duration with unmated females was, on average, 24 times the length of copulation with mated females. While female K. tristis can reject mates, we did not observe any evidence of overt female choice during our trials. Females may gain additional benefits from mating multiply and may therefore not readily reject males. While our experiment cannot definitively disentangle female from male control over copulation duration, we suggest that males choose to invest more time in copula with unmated females, perhaps for paternity assurance, and that male mate assessment occurs during copulation rather than beforehand.
Efficacy of inhaled budesonide for the treatment of severe equine asthma
Authors: Lavoie J. P. , Leclere M. , Rodrigues N. , Lemos K. R. , Bourzac C. , Lefebvre‐Lavoie J. , Beauchamp G. , Albrecht B. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryBackgroundCorticosteroids are the most potent drugs for the control of severe equine asthma, but adverse effects limit their chronic systemic administration. Inhaled medications allow for drug delivery directly into the airways, reducing the harmful effects of these drugs.ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy of inhaled budesonide specifically formulated for the equine use and administered by a novel inhalation device in horses with severe asthma.Study designExperimental studies in horses with naturally occurring asthma with cross‐over, randomised, blinded experimental designs.MethodsIn Study 1, budesonide (1800 μg twice daily) administered using a novel Respimat®based inhaler was compared to i.v. dexamethasone (0.04 mg/kg). In Study 2, 3 doses of budesonide (450, 900, and 1800 μg) were compared to oral dexamethasone (0.066 mg/kg). Lung function, bronchoalveolar fluid cytology (Study 1),CBC, serum chemistry, and serum cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) values were evaluated.ResultsIn Study 1, there was a marked and significant improvement in the lung function of all horses treated with budesonide and dexamethasone. Neutrophil percentages in bronchoalveolar fluid decreased in all horses treated with dexamethasone and in four of six horses treated with budesonide. Serum cortisol and bloodACTHconcentrations decreased with both treatments. In Study 2, there was a significant improvement in the lung function with all dosages of budesonide, and the effects of higher dosages were comparable to those of dexamethasone. Dexamethasone and budesonide at the two higher dosages induced a significant decrease of cortisol concentrations.Main limitationsThe Respimat®based inhaler is not currently commercially available.ConclusionsAdministration of budesonide with the Respimat®based inhaler provided dose‐dependent relief of airway obstruction in horses with severe asthma, but also a suppression of serum cortisol.
Assessment of methane and carbon dioxide emissions in two sub‐basins of a small acidic bog lake artificially divided 30 years ago
Authors: Sepulveda‐Jauregui Armando , Martinez‐Cruz Karla , Lau Maximilian , Casper Peter 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Although lakes are important sources of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere contributing to global warming, their CH4 and CO2 emissions are rarely assessed. In particular, increasing inputs of terrestrial dissolved organic carbon (DOC) may affect gas dynamics and alter seasonal changes in gas production.

Here, we analysed variations in CH4 and CO2 dynamics in sub‐basins of an acidic bog lake, which was artificially divided into four quarters three decades ago, leading to divergence in water chemistry and biology. In the divided lake, only the south‐west basin (SW) received DOC inputs from an adjacent peat bog, while the north‐east basin (NE) was hydrologically disconnected. A year‐long determination of CH4 and CO2 production and emission patterns in the two contrasting basins exposed the indirect mechanisms by which DOC supply exercised control on greenhouse gas dynamics in this shallow lake.

In both basins, dissolved CH4 was negatively correlated with dissolved oxygen (O2) through the water column, suggesting that aerobic methanotrophy is an important regulator of CH4 emissions in this lake. In contrast, the amount of CO2 stored in oxic and anoxic layers was not significantly different between the basins, suggesting that O2 is not the most important driver of dissolved CO2.

Estimated total CH4 and CO2 emissions were 2.1 and 1.7 times lower in the NE basin than in the SW basin, with major CH4 and CO2 emissions occurring during the fall turnover. The differences in CH4 and CO2 emissions suggest that the hydro‐physical properties, namely seasonal temperature, the duration of stratification and O2 availability, are the main drivers of CH4 and CO2 emissions to the atmosphere from small shallow lakes under the influence of DOC inputs under global warming pressure.
Changes in macro‐ and micromineral concentrations in herbage during the harvesting and conservation processes
Authors: Schlegel Patrick , Wyss Ueli , Arrigo Yves , Hess Hans Dieter 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe changes in macromineral (Ca, P, Mg, K, Na, Cl and S) and micromineral (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Co and Se) concentrations in herbage were followed during the harvesting and conservation processes of barn‐ and field‐dried hay and silage. In total, 131 herbage samples originating from 50 harvests were collected in fresh form before mowing, in wilted form at harvest and in conserved form after storage. During the harvesting process, initial Ca, Mg and Zn concentrations in herbage decreased by 7–17% for barn‐dried hay, and initial Ca concentration decreased by 7% in herbage for silage (explained by losses of mineral‐rich and fragile plants or plant parts during the mechanical treatments). During the conservation process, mineral concentrations remained stable in barn‐dried hay, but macro‐ and micromineral concentrations increased on average by 6% and 31%, respectively, in silage (explained by loss of fermentable nutrients). Overall, in conserved hay (field‐ and barn‐dried hay), concentrations were decreased as follows: Ca 25%, Mg 15%, Cu 9% and Zn 12%; and in silage, concentrations increased as follows: Mg 12%, Na 33%, Mn 65%, Zn 13% and Se 27%, relative to the initial fresh form. During the harvesting process, ash, Fe and Co concentrations increased by factors of 0.29, 7.6 and 8.8 in wilted herbage for silage. Iron and Co concentrations in wilted and conserved herbage were linearly correlated with increasing ash concentration from a breakpoint of 100 g/kg dry matter, indicative of increasing soil contamination.
Forage sorghum quantity and quality as affected by biological phosphorous fertilization
Authors: Ehteshami Seyed MohammadReza , Khavazi Kazem , Asgharzadeh Ahmad 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTo investigate the effects of seed inoculation with phosphate affecting microorganisms on the quantitative and qualitative traits of two forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.)), genotypes were investigated during 2011 and 2012 field experiments. The experimental treatments consisted of chemical (triple super phosphate (TP)), and biological P fertilizers [mycorrhizal fungus (Rhizophagus intraradices) (AM) + Pseudomonas fluorescens strain 93 (PB)] as well as sorghum genotypes (Speedfed and Jumbo) factorially arranged on the basis of a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results revealed that seed inoculation by AM fungi and its combined inoculation with PB significantly influenced sorghum growth, P concentration and acid detergent fibre (ADF%). Rhizophagus intraradices appeared to be better adapted for association with sorghum than P. fluorescens strain 93 under the environmental conditions of the experiment. The significant differences in the quantity and quality of the two genotypes as affected by chemical and biological fertilization indicate the importance of selecting the right genotype, which results in higher growth and yields with a better forage quality. Although in most cases, the biological fertilization was the more recommendable, the use of chemical P fertilization up to some level was essential for the production of sorghum forage yield affecting crop quality. It is more beneficial to use the integrated beneficial microorganisms (AM + PB) instead of their single use to achieve better crop growth, yield and nutrient status for both plant and soil health.
NBA sweet spots: Distance‐based impacts on establishment‐level sales
Authors: Stitzel Brandli , Rogers Cynthia L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis paper examines distance‐based effects of the introduction of a National Basketball Association (NBA) team on establishment‐level sales. Using a unique micro dataset with precise geographic location information and industry detail, we apply spatio‐temporal estimation strategies following Harger et al. and Ahlfeldt and Kavetsos. We build on the literature by focusing on sales activity, a broad measure of economic activity, for industries related to the NBA‐product. Our application considers the relocation of the NBA’s Seattle franchise (Supersonics) to Oklahoma City (Thunder). The results reveal spatially differentiated impacts that would be obscured using data aggregated over space or industry. Specifically, food establishments exhibit increased sales and entertainment establishments exhibit decreased sales relative to establishments in the outer most ring of the study area.
Other Helicobacters and the gastric microbiome
Authors: Kupcinskas Juozas , Hold Georgina L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe current article is a review of the most important, accessible, and relevant literature published between April 2017 and March 2018 on other Helicobacters and the gastric microbiome. The first part of the review focuses on literature describing non‐Helicobacter pylori‐Helicobacter (NHPH) infections in humans and animals whilst the subsequent section focuses specifically on the human gastric microbiome. Novel diagnostic methods as well as new NHPHs species have been identified in recent studies. Furthermore, our knowledge about the pathogenesis of NHPH infections has been further enhanced by important fundamental studies in cell lines and animal models. Over the last year, additional insights over the prevalence and potential prevention strategies of NHPHs have also been reported. With regard to understanding the gastric microbiome, new information detailing the structure of the gastric microbiota at different stages of H. pylori infection, within different patient geographical locations, was documented. There was also a study detailing the impact of proton‐pump inhibitor usage and the effect on the gastric microbiome. Newer analysis approaches including defining the active microbiome through analysis of RNA rather than DNA‐based sequencing were also published allowing the first assessments of the functional capabilities of the gastric microbiome.