bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory Potential of Diet and the Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Casecontrol Study in the West of Iran
Authors: Bagheri Amir , Nachvak Seyed M. , Abdollahzad Hadi , Rezaei Mansour 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancer in worldwide and inflammatory
reactions may be the major risk factors for it. Diet has a potential role in the running of inflammatory
reactions. Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) is a tool that can assess the inflammatory potential
of a diet.

Objective:
Study of the effect of Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and body composition on the risk
of prostate cancer was the aim of this research.

Methods:
We assessed the ability of Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) to predict prostate cancer in a
case-control study conducted in Kermanshah, Iran in 2016. The study included 50 cases with primary
prostate cancer and 150 healthy controls. Anthropometric indices were measured by Bioelectric Impedance
Analysis (BIA). The DII was computed based on the intake of 32 nutrients assessed using a
147-items food frequency questionnaire. The multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the
odds ratio, with DII expressed as a dichotomous variable.

Results:
There were no statistically significant differences in body composition between case and control
groups, but participants with DII > 0.80 had significant differences in BMI, LBM, SLM, MBF and TBW
versus participant with DII ≤ 0.80. Also, men with higher DII scores were at increased risk of prostate
cancer [OR: 1.77; 95% confidence interval 1.28-2.44] and categorical variable [OR DII>0.80 vs ≤ 0.80:
3.81; 95% confidence interval: 1.49-9.75].

Conclusion:
These findings suggest that a pro-inflammatory diet is a risk factor for prostate cancer
and also can have the impact on body composition.
Fungal Bioactive Compounds in Pharmaceutical Research and Development
Authors: Saxena Sanjai , Chhibber Manmohan , Singh Inder Pal 
Published: June 2018

Background:Exploration of antibiotics from microorganisms became widespread in the academia and the industry with the serendipitous discovery of Penicillin from Penicillium notatum by Sir Alexander Fleming. This embarked the golden era of antibiotics which lasted for over 60 years. However, the traditional phenotypic screening was replaced with more rational and smarter methods of exploration of bioactive compounds from fungi and microorganisms. Fungi have been responsible for providing a variety of bioactive compounds with diverse activities which have been developed into blockbuster drugs such as Cyclosporine, Caspofungin, Lovastatin and Fingolimod etc. It has been reported that ca. 40% of the 1453 New Chemical Entities (NCE’s) approved by USFDA are natural products, natural product inspired or mimics many of which have their origins from fungi. Hence fungal compounds are playing a very important role in drug discovery and development in the pharmaceutical industry.Methods:We undertook structured searches of bibliographic databases of peer-reviewed research literature which pertained to natural products, medicinal chemistry of natural products and drug discovery from fungi. With the strategic improvement in screening and identification methods, fungi are still a potential resource for novel chemistries. Thus the searches also comprised of bioactive agents from fungi isolated or derived from special ecological groups and lineages. To find different molecules derived or isolated from fungi under clinical studies, clinical trial data from the NIH as well as from pharmaceutical companies were also explored. This comprised of data wherein the pharmaceutical industries have acquired or licensed a fungal bioactive compound for clinical study or a trial.Results:Natural product chemistry and medicinal chemistry continue to play an important role in converting a bioactive compound into therapeutic moieties or pharmacophores for new drug development.Conclusion:Thus one can say fungal bioactive compounds are alive and well for development into new drugs as novel ecological groups of fungi as well as novel chemistries are being uncovered. This review further emphasizes the collaboration of fungal biologists with chemists, pharmacologists and biochemists towards the development of newer drugs for taking them into the drug development pipeline.
Development and Validation of a Specific RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Anti-retroviral Drugs: Application to Nanoparticulate Formulation System
Authors: Varghese Nila Mary , Senthil Venkatachalam , Jose Sajan , Thomas Cinu , Harindran Jyoti 
Published: June 2018

Objective:A simple, accurate and economical reverse phase- high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the simultaneous quantitative estimation of two anti-retro viral drugs, Etravirine and Elvitegravir in nanoparticulate formulations for the first time. This method is a novel analytical technique for the detection of the both the drugs concurrently, as there is no method available for their simultaneous quantification, to the best of our knowledge.Methods:Optimization and validation of the chromatographic conditions were completed according to the standard ICH guidelines. The separation was done on a C18 column (250 mm x 4.6mm, 5μm) using methanol and phosphate buffer of pH (5.6) as the mobile phase in the ratio 78:22 v/v at a flow rate of 1ml/min for a short run time of 13 min. The detection wavelength was 285nm and the column temperature was maintained at 32oC.Results:The developed method was linear over 10 to 160 μg/ml with a regression coefficient of 0.999 for each. The LOD values were 4.83 and 9.25 µg/ml while LOQ values were 14.63 and 28.01 µg/ml for etravirine and elvitegravir respectively. The recovery values obtained by etravirine and elvitegravir were between 97.6% and 100.8%.Conclusion:The method was specific, precise, fast and accurate with good inter and intra day precision. The method was also effectively employed for the characterization and simultaneous quantification of both drugs in nanoparticulate formulation.
A Historical Study of the First 30 Years ofAccounting Horizons
Authors: Zeff Stephen A. , Dyckman Thomas R. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we undertake a historical study of the first 30 years of the American Accounting Association's journal, Accounting Horizons. The journal was initially intended to bridge academe and practice. We review the founding of the journal and then trace the development of both the Commentaries and Main Articles sections. One of our principal findings is that there was a steep increase in the percentage of Main Articles using regression analysis-statistical tests during the 30 years, eventually exceeding that in The Accounting Review. Our analysis of the likely reasons for this trend leads us to conclude that foundational changes in the culture of the public accounting profession and in accounting academe had a profound impact on the content of Horizons during our period of study. We conclude with some suggestions for the journal moving forward.
Boardroom Backscratching and Audit Fees
Authors: Hanlon Dean , Khedmati Mehdi , Lim Edwin KiaYang 
Published: June 2018

SUMMARY
This study investigates the impact of backscratching between the CEO and directors on a firm's future performance, financial reporting quality, and audit fees. We find that the presence and extent of boardroom backscratching are associated with weaker future performance, poorer quality financial reporting, and higher audit fees. We attribute these findings to backscratching firms' increased business and information risks inducing auditors to exert greater effort and charge risk premiums in response to heightened audit engagement risks. We observe consistent results when extending our investigation to backscratching between the CEO and audit committee and between the CEO and the CFO, given that the audit committee and the CFO influence financial reporting quality. Finally, we provide evidence that backscratching firms display greater audit report lag and a higher likelihood of receiving a going concern audit opinion. Our study offers insights to regulators concerning policy development to strengthen board effectiveness and remuneration disclosures.
Are CFOs Effective Operators? An Empirical Analysis of CFO/COO Duality
Authors: Buchheit Steve , Reitenga Austin L. , Ruch George , Street Daniel A. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
While the popular press has documented Chief Financial Officer (CFO) role expansion into traditional operations functions, recent research suggests that time spent on non-core CFO activities harms financial reporting quality. We examine the operational acumen of CFOs and potential negative reporting consequences stemming from one person simultaneously holding the role of CFO and Chief Operations Officer (COO) (CFO/COO duality). Empirically, CFO/COO duality occurs with increasing frequency during our sample period (2000–2016); duality is not uncommon (among firms with a COO, over 10 percent have a unified CFO/COO executive). We find no evidence that combining the CFO and COO positions adversely affects operations. Regarding financial reporting quality, we find some evidence that CFO/COO duality firms have relatively more volatile discretionary accruals; however, these accruals are also relatively more predictive of future cash flows. Collectively, our results suggest that unifying control of operations and reporting can be an effective corporate reconfiguration.
Business Strategy and the Cost of Equity Capital: An Evaluation of Pure versus Hybrid Business Strategies
Authors: Khedmati Mehdi , Lim Edwin KiaYang , Naiker Vic , Navissi Farshid 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
We examine the effect of pure (product differentiation or cost leadership) versus hybrid (a mix of product differentiation and cost leadership) business strategies on the cost of equity capital. Our results suggest that firms with a pure, relative to a hybrid, business strategy have a significantly lower cost of equity, and the cost of equity effect is equally driven by pure product differentiation and pure cost leadership strategies. We also find that firms following a pure business strategy are associated with lower systematic risk. Further, the lower cost of equity effect of a pure product differentiation strategy is more pronounced in high-technology industries and in regions with greater innovative capital. Our findings are robust to an array of robustness checks including change specification regressions and various methods for addressing endogeneity.
Data Availability: All data used in this study are publicly available from the sources identified in the paper.
Basal Insulin in Clinical Practice—Can Virtual Patient Simulation Improve Use in T2D?
Authors: LARKIN AMY , LACOUTURE MICHAEL , WARTERS MARTIN , LITTMAN GWEN S. 
Published: June 2018

We sought to determine if online, virtual patient simulation (VPS)-based continuing medical education (CME) intervention could improve performance of primary care physicians (PCPs) and diabetologists/endocrinologists (D/Es) in evidence-based use of basal insulin for T2D. The intervention comprised two patients presenting in a VPS platform that allows learners to order lab tests, make diagnoses, and prescribe treatments in a manner matching the scope and depth of actual practice. Tailored clinical guidance (CG), based on current evidence and expert recommendation, was provided following each decision, followed by the opportunity to modify to their decisions. Decisions were collected post-CG and compared with each user’s baseline (pre-CG) decisions using a 2-tailed paired t-test to determine P values.
Significant improvements were observed after CG: Case 1 (n=417 PCPs; n=100 D/Es):Appropriate basal insulin initiation: 44% absolute improvement among PCPs (24% pre-CG vs. 68% post-CG; P&lt;.001), 50% improvement among D/Es (30% pre-CG vs. 80% post-CG; P&lt;.001) Order diabetes self-management education (DSME) in newly diagnosed patient: 19% absolute improvement among PCPs (50% pre-CG vs. 69% post-CG; P&lt;.001), 14% improvement among D/Es (59% pre-CG vs. 73% post-CG; P=.017) Titration plan: 27% improvement among PCPs (28% pre-CG vs. 55% post-CG; P&lt;.001), 26% absolute improvement among D/Es (29% pre-CG vs. 55% post-CG; P&lt;.001).
Case 2 (n= 537 PCPs, n=132 D/Es): Selection of longer-acting basal insulin in T2D patient complaining of hypoglycemia: 34% absolute improvement among PCPs (31% pre-CG vs. 65% post-CG; P&lt;.001), 39% improvement among D/Es (39% pre-CG vs. 75% post-CG; P&lt;.001) Titration plan: 22% improvement among PCPs (29% pre-CG vs. 51% post-CG; P&lt;.001), 21% absolute improvement among D/Es (34% pre-CG vs. 55% post-CG; P&lt;.001) VPS that immerses and engages specialists in an authentic and practical learning experience can improve evidence-based clinical decisions related to use of basal insulin in T2D.

Disclosure
A. Larkin: None. M. LaCouture: None. M. Warters: None. G.S. Littman: None.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Human Regular U-500 Insulin (U-500R) Administered via Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion (CSII) vs. Subcutaneous Injection (SCI) in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes and High Insulin Requirements
Authors: MA XIAOSU , PRESCILLA RANDY P. , ZHANG SHUYU , LINNEBJERG HELLE , MORROW LINDA , JACKSON JEFFREY A. , JOHNSON JENNAL , LEISHMAN DEREK 
Published: June 2018

There have been no euglycemic clamp studies on U-500R in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and high insulin requirements. This open-label, randomized, 2-way crossover, euglycemic clamp study (NCT02588950) evaluated PK/PD of U-500R administered by CSII (using an investigational Omnipod® U-500 Insulin Management System) compared to SCI (using a U-100 syringe), in adults with T2DM requiring &gt;150 U/day of insulin. Subjects (N=11, mean BMI: 39.6 kg/m2, mean A1C: 10.2%) each received a 100 U dose via CSII [primed with a 12-hour (hour) U-500R basal infusion] and a single SCI, both followed by a 24 hour clamp. Serum insulin concentrations were corrected for endogenous insulin using C-peptide for both administration methods. Basal infusion values in CSII were adjusted with baseline and model corrections. Following SCI, using model corrected method, time of maximum observed drug concentration (tmax) was about 1.5 hour longer compared to CSII [LSmean ratio (90% CI): 1.46 (1.08, 1.97)]. There was no statistically significant difference between CSII and SCI in median tmax, areas under the curve [AUC(0-24), AUC(0-tlast)], and maximum concentration. There was no statistically significant difference between CSII and SCI in median time to maximum glucose infusion rate (GIR) [CSII: 7.2 hour; SCI: 8 hour], median time of 50% of maximum GIR before Rmax (tRmax50) [CSII: 2.85 hour; SCI: 3.59 hour], and median time to last GIR [CSII: 18.9 hour; SCI: 14.6 hour]. No severe hypoglycemia was reported. U-500R was well tolerated whether given by syringe or CSII. The PK/PD profiles and time action parameters were similar with both methods of administration.

Disclosure
X. Ma: Employee; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. R.P. Prescilla: None. S. Zhang: Employee; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. Stock/Shareholder; Spouse/Partner; Eli Lilly and Company. H. Linnebjerg: Employee; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. L. Morrow: Stock/Shareholder; Self; ProSciento. Employee; Spouse/Partner; Eli Lilly and Company. J.A. Jackson: Other Relationship; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. J. Johnson: Employee; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. D. Leishman: Employee; Self; Eli Lilly and Company.
Efficacy and Safety of Biphasic Insulin Aspart Treatment in Hospitalized Patients with T2DM—A Real-World Study
Authors: ERUKULAPATI RAVI S. , YERRAMILLI APARNA , KANCHERLA VISALAKSHI , SREELALITHA GOPALA RAO S. , POOJARI ANITHA , KHAN FATHIMA Z. , CHAPPIDI KRISHNA REDDY 
Published: June 2018

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of biphasic insulin aspart during first 2 to 8 days of hospital admission of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) for non-glycemia related medical ailments.
Methods: An open-label, non-randomized, observational, single-center study in patients with T2DM aged between 18 and 70 years at a tertiary multispecialty hospital in India. T2DM patients with capillary blood glucose (BG) between 70 mg/dl to 400 mg/dl at admission, requiring subcutaneous biphasic insulin aspart were included in this study. Insulin dosage was individualized as per the clinician’s judgement considering the clinical status, HbA1c and other co-morbidities. The primary endpoint was mean capillary BG levels at fasting, prelunch, predinner and at midnight during day 2 to day 8 of hospital stay. Secondary endpoints were frequency and severity of hypoglycemic episodes. Appropriate statistics were applied at 2-tailed p ≤0.significance.
Results: Total 2T2DM patients were included in this study. Median age was 57 years, 66.3% male and 33.7% female. Mean duration of T2DM was 9.9 years, HbA1c 7.3%, BMI 25.9 kg/m2 and hospital stay 8.9 days. The mean (SD) BG at admission was 208.5 (82.9) mg/dL and after usage of Biphasic Insulin Aspart 188.2 (45.3) mg/dL. Mean capillary BG levels at fasting, prelunch, predinner, and at midnight were 166.9 (46.7) mg/dL, 201.0 (58.8) mg/dL, 203.9 (60.1) mg/dL, and 179.0 (48.7) mg/dL respectively. BG readings that met the target BG range (140-180 mg/dL) levels were 34.6%. During the study 5.9% of patient’s experienced hypoglycemic event of which 2% were severe requiring intravenous dextrose and 3.9% were mild. There was a significant difference in BG reduction correlating with BMI, HbA1c (p =0.05).
Conclusions: Treatment with biphasic insulin aspart is observed to be effective in achieving optimal BG levels, is well-tolerated with low hypoglycemic events in patients admitted in hospital for non-glycemia related medical ailments.

Disclosure
R.S. Erukulapati: None. A. Yerramilli: None. V. Kancherla: None. G.S. Sreelalitha: None. A. Poojari: None. F.Z. Khan: None. K. Chappidi: None.
Insulin Therapy in Type 3c Diabetes—More Common in Chronic Rather than Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: HINTON WILLIAM , FEHER MICHAEL , MUNRO NEIL M. , COYLE RACHEL M. , DE LUSIGNAN SIMON 
Published: June 2018

Background and Aims: Prevalence of diabetes following pancreatic disease (type 3c diabetes/T3cDM) is estimated to affect 5-10% of people with diabetes in Western populations. However, misclassification of T3cDM is common. Consequently, there is little real-world data on prescribing of antihyperglycaemic medications in people with T3cDM. The aim of this study is to evaluate prescribing of antihyperglycaemic medications in people with T3cDM.
Methods: A cohort of adults with a diagnosis of pancreatitis preceding diabetes, i.e., probable T3cDM, were identified from primary care records in England, the Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre database (N = 1,595,445). The cohort was divided into those with acute (AP) or chronic pancreatitis (CP). People who presented initially with AP and subsequently developed CP were categorised as the latter. We performed retrospective analyses to compare the proportions of antihyperglycaemic medications prescribed in these subgroups. Chi square (X2) tests were used to test for differences between proportions.
Results: Of the 45,615 people living with diabetes, we identified 725 (1.6%) with pancreatitis preceding their diagnosis (AP = 456; CP = 269). The majority of those affected were prescribed non-insulin therapies (74.8%). Metformin was the most commonly prescribed medication (56.4%), followed by sulfonylureas (28.3%), insulin (25.2%) and DPP-4 inhibitors (11.6%). People with AP were more likely to be prescribed metformin (63.2% vs. 45.0%; p&lt;0.001) and DPP-4 inhibitors (13.6% vs. 8.2%, p=0.037) than those with CP, whilst people with CP were more likely to be prescribed insulin (34.9% vs. 19.5%; p&lt;0.001). No differences in prescribing were found for other antihyperglycaemic medication classes.
Conclusion: The differences in prescribing in people with CP compared to AP suggests progressive pancreatic damage and loss of endocrine function, with more patients requiring insulin therapy.

Disclosure
W. Hinton: Other Relationship; Self; Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk Limited. M. Feher: Advisory Panel; Self; Novo Nordisk Limited, Sanofi, AstraZeneca. N.M. Munro: None. R.M. Coyle: None. S. de Lusignan: Other Relationship; Self; Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk Limited, AstraZeneca.
Mobile-Based Artificial Intelligence Significantly Improves Type 1 Diabetes Management
Authors: DOUPIS JOHN , PAPANDREOPOULOU VASILIKI , GLYKOFRIDI SPYRIDOULA , ANDRIANESIS VASILEIOS 
Published: June 2018

Background: Type 1 diabetes involves a multiple decision making process on a daily basis.Mobile technology has been widely spread not only as a mean of communication, but also as multi-usage tool involving a large variety of applications, making everyday life more convenient. “D-Partner” (Diabetes Innovations Ltd) is a mobile based application that serves as a self-management tool for type 1 diabetes, including a bolus wizard (with food database),a basal insulin titration manager, as well as, a large number of automated notifications, warnings or reward messages, according to the data imported by the patient. In addition,“D-Partner” serves as a telemedicine tool, as information of meals, insulin dosage, measurements of glucose, blood pressure, body weight, and lab values, may be monitored by the physician through an on-line, web-based platform.
Aim: To investigate the efficacy of "D-Partner" mobile application, in glucose management, in patients with type 1 diabetes.
Methods: 24 patients with type 1 diabetes (14 male, 10 female), with diabetes duration of 14,2±8,8 years, mean age of 37.4±11,7 years and HBA1c &gt;7%, on basal bolus insulin therapy, were randomized to receive either standard care, or standard care plus the ‘D-Partner” application usage. HBA1c, somatometric data, blood pressure, heart rate and hypoglycemia frequency data, were obtained at baseline and 3 months after the intervention.
Results: The intervention group presented a significantly improved glucose control as recorded by HBA1c reduction, compared to the control group (p=0.01). Additionally, hypoglycemia incidence was significantly lower in the intervention group (p=0.04). There were no significant changes in somatometric data blood pressure, and heart rate, among the 2 groups.
Concusion: D-partner, is a mobile based self-management application, that may contribute to a better management of type 1 diabetes, potentially improving the life quality of the patient.

Disclosure
J. Doupis: Consultant; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Sanofi, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.. V. Papandreopoulou: None. S. Glykofridi: None. V. Andrianesis: None.