bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efektifitas Mengkomsumsi Wortel (Daucus-Carota) Aceh dan Wortel Medan Terhadap Perubahan Debris Indeks Pada Anak Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Wilis Ratna 
Published: March 2018

Makanan berserat dan berair adalah makanan yang mengandung banyak serat dan juga air seperti pada buah–buahan dan sayur–sayuran, yang bersifat self cleansing (pembersihan) yang membutuhkan proses pengunyahan secara berulang–ulang seperti yang terdapat pada wortel.. Rata-rata kerusakan gigi penduduk sebayak 5 buah gigi/orang. Kondisi tersebut mencerminkan minimnya derajat kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada tanggal 2 s/d 29 Agustus 2016 di Sekolah Dasar Negeri 26 Kota Banda Aceh. Populasi dan sampel keseluruhan subyek yaitu seluruh anak usia 6 – 12 tahun sebanyak 194 anak, dari kelas 1sampai kelas 6 SD. Desain penelitian adalah eksperimen semu/quasi experimental yaitu memberikan perlakuan terhadap kelompok sampel. Adapun rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan (pre and post test). Rancangan penelitian dengan menggunakan dua kelompok subyek yaitu kelompok sampel I mengkomsumsi wortel Aceh dan kelompok sampel ke II mengkomsumsi wortel Medan . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadinya penurunan Debris indeks sebelum mengomsumsi wortel Aceh rerata debris indek 1,7,esesudah mengkonsumsi wortel Aceh menjadi 0,6 sedangkan untuk wortrel Medan sebelum mengkomsumsi 1,8 sedangkan sesudah mengkonsumsi terjadi penurunan yaitu 0,7. Ada perbedaan Debris Indeks sebelum dan sesudah mengkonsumsi Wortel Aceh dan Wortel Medan (p< 0,005) Disarankan pada pihak sekolah ,UKGS yang ada ataupun yang akan diprogramkan sekolah agar dapat memanfaatkan wortel untuk dikonsumsi sebagai salah satu upaya preventive dalam menurunkan prevalensi karies gigi.Kata kunci: Debris indeks, konsumsi, wortel
Hygiene Sanitasi Penjamah Makanan Terhadap Kandungan Escherichia Coli Diperalatan Makan Pada Warung Makan
Authors: Syahrizal Syahrizal 
Published: March 2018

Hygiene dan sanitasi makanan merupakan hal penting mengingat bahwa makanan yang disajikan kepada konsumen harus terjaga dan terjamin kualitasnya demi keamanan pangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hygiene sanitasi penjamah makanan terhadap kandungan E.coli pada peralatan makan di warung makan desa Batoh Kecamatan Lueng Bata Banda Aceh. Jenis penelitian bersifat deskriftif yaitu untuk mengetahui hygiene sanitasi penjamah makanan terhadap kandungan E.coli pada peralatan makan di 4 warung makan desa Batoh Kecamatan Lueng Bata Banda Aceh. Populasi dan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 4 penjamah makanan dari 4 warung makan di desa Batoh Kecamatan Lueng Bata Banda Aceh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa personal hygiene penjamah warung makan Batoh termasuk kategori baik, terlihat dari hasil wawancara (100%) dan pengamatan (75%). Sanitasi tempat pengolahan makanan (75%) memenuhi syarat, dan sanitasi peralatan makanan (50%) memenuhi syarat, hasil pemeriksaan bakteri Escherichia coli didapatkan positif pada dua warung makan. Personal hygiene dan sanitasi tempat pengolahan makanan sudah memenuhi syarat, sedangkan sanitasi peralatan makan belum memenuhi syarat, dan adanya kandungan bakteri E.coli pada dua warung makan.Kata kunci: Escherichia coli, penjamah makanan, peralatan makan
Kondisi Industri Tahu Berdasarkan Hygiene dan Sanitasi Di Kota Banda Aceh
Authors: Fajriansyah Fajriansyah 
Published: March 2018

Hygiene dan sanitasi tidak dapat dipisahkan satu dengan yang lain karena erat kaitannya. Misalnya hygiene sudah baik karena mau mencuci tangan, tetapi sanitasinya tidak mendukung karena tidak cukup tersedia air bersih, maka mencuci tangan tidak sempurna. Industri tahu merupakan industri kecil yang pada umumnya dikelola dalam bentuk industri rumah tangga, sehingga perkembangannya selalu dihadapkan dengan permasalahan yang menyangkut bahan baku yaitu kedelai, ketersediaan, dan kualitas faktor produksi, tingkat keuntungan, pemasaran serta permodalan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional Yaitu observasi yang melibatkan peneliti atau observer secara langsung dalam kegiatan pengamatan di lapangan. Jadi, peneliti bertindak sebagai observer, artinya peneliti merupakan bagian dari kelompok yang ditelitinya. Hasil Hygiene dan sanitasi industri tahu di tinjau dari sarana penggunaan pemilihan bahan makanan usaha industri tahu, apabila telah memenuhi semua syarat. Hasil penelitian menunjukan, hygiene dan sanitasi industri tahu telah memenuhi semua syarat. Diharapkan pihak industri tahu meyediakan sarana prasarana yang mendukung untuk mendapat kualitas makanan yang baik.Kata Kunci: Bahan makanan, hygiene dan sanitasi, industri tahu
EVALUASI PRESTASI BELAJAR MAHASISWA TERHADAP PERILAKU BELAJAR DAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR MAHASISWA DI PERGURUAN TINGGI KOTA PADANG PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT
Authors: Yulianti Prima , Fitri Mellyna Eka Yan 
Published: March 2018

The college students as an input in university have different attitudes and different assessments on teaching-learning process from one to another. This is due to differences in personal experience, family background, and culture. This is reflected in the students learning and motivation behavior. Population of the study are active student and sample was taken from several public universities and several private universities in Padang, West Sumatera. The sample was taken about 358 students. This study aims to determine the effect of learning behavior and learning motivation on student achievement, establish the factors of learning behavior and learning motivation that must be considered in order to increase student achievement. The Results of this study found that learning behavior and learning motivation influence student achievement at the significance level 5%. The other analysis obtained three factors for learning behavior (the process factors in learning, encouragement in learning and skills in Learning) and the three factors for motivation learning (diligence in learning, focus on interest in learning and learning inhibitors of motivation. This study also design a strategy to improve the achievement of student.
CANDI SUKUH SEBAGAI TEMPAT KEGIATAN KAUM RSI
Authors: Purwanto Heri 
Published: March 2018

A lot of studies about temple Sukuh has been conducted before, but not to the extent in which it existed as the place for kaum Rsi. Sukuh Temple is a holy place located at the slope of Lawu Mountain, away from the cities. This definitely is an absolute requirement for a holy place for kaum Rsi. Many old heritages at Candi Sukuh complex support the argument that this temple was built by the Rsis or hermits. Based on that explanation, the research questions of this study are about what factors that indicate Sukuh Temple as the place for the Rsi, and in what kind of Karsyan. The methodology used in this study was conducted in two steps; that is data collection and analysis. The data collection was including observation and literature review. The data analysis was using qualitative analysis with symbol theory. The result of this study showed that based from the old heritages it was indicated that the Karsyan of Mandala Kedewaguruan. The life of the Rsi at Sukuh Temple was related to foods and drinks. They utilized the surrounding area for farming. The harvests are eggplants, coconuts, paddies, and vegetables. In addition, in religious context, the Rsi also did some teaching and learning activities. Kajian tentang Candi Sukuh cukup banyak dilakukan, namun hingga saat ini belum menyentuh pada eksistensinya sebagai tempat kegiatan kaum Rsi. Candi Sukuh merupakan bangunan suci yang terletak di lereng Gunung Lawu jauh dari keramaian. Hal ini sudah pasti memenuhi syarat mutlak bagi bangunan suci untuk kaum Rsi. Berbagai peninggalan masa lalu di kompleks Candi Sukuh menguatkan dugaan bahwa candi ini dibangun oleh para Rsi atau pertapa. Berdasarkan penjelasan tersebut, maka permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah unsur-unsur apa saja yang mengindikasikan bahwa Candi Sukuh sebagai tempat para Rsi dan termasuk karsyan berbentuk apa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini melalui dua tahap yaitu metode pengumpulan dan analisis data. Pengumpulan data meliputi observasi dan kajian pustaka. Analisis yang digunakan ialah kualitatif dengan menggunakan teori simbol. Hasil dari penelitian ini bahwa dari berbagai macam benda-benda peninggalan masa lalu di objek penelitian menunjukkan karsyan berbentuk mandala kedewaguruan. Kehidupan kaum Rsi di Candi Sukuh berkenaan dengan makanan dan minuman. Mereka senantiasa memanfaatkan lahan lingkungan sekitar sebagai tempat bercocok tanam. Hasil panennya berupa terong, kelapa, padi, dan sayuran-sayuran. Selain, aktivitas dalam bidang keagamaan, kaum Rsi juga melakukan kegiataan belajar-mengajar.
The Evolution of GX 339-4 in the Low-hard State as Seen by NuSTAR and Swift
Authors: Wang-Ji Jingyi , García Javier A. , Steiner James F. , Tomsick John A. , Harrison Fiona A. , Bambi Cosimo , Petrucci Pierre-Olivier , Ferreira Jonathan , Chakravorty Susmita , Clavel Maïca 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We analyze 11 Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array and Swift observations of the black hole X-ray binary GX 339–4 in the hard state, 6 of which were taken during the end of the 2015 outburst and 5 during a failed outburst in 2013. These observations cover luminosities from 0.5% to 5% of the Eddington luminosity. Implementing the most recent version of the reflection model relxillCp, we perform simultaneous spectral fits on both data sets to track the evolution of the properties in the accretion disk, including the inner edge radius, the ionization, and the temperature of the thermal emission. We also constrain the photon index and electron temperature of the primary source (the “corona”). We observe a maximum truncation radius of 37 R

g
in the preferred fit for the 2013 data set, and a marginal correlation between the level of truncation and luminosity. We also explore a self-consistent model under the framework of coronal Comptonization, and find consistent results regarding the disk truncation in the 2015 data, providing a more physical preferred fit for the 2013 observations.
Candidate Water Vapor Lines to Locate the H2O Snowline through High-dispersion Spectroscopic Observations. III. Submillimeter H2
16O and H2
18O Lines
Authors: Notsu Shota , Nomura Hideko , Walsh Catherine , Honda Mitsuhiko , Hirota Tomoya , Akiyama Eiji , Millar T. J. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
In this paper, we extend the results presented in our former papers on using ortho-

line profiles to constrain the location of the H2O snowline in T Tauri and Herbig Ae disks, to include submillimeter para-

and ortho- and para-

lines. Since the number densities of the ortho- and para-

molecules are about 560 times smaller than their 16O analogs, they trace deeper into the disk than the ortho-

lines (down to z = 0, i.e., the midplane). Thus these

lines are potentially better probes of the position of the H2O snowline at the disk midplane, depending on the dust optical depth. The values of the Einstein A coefficients of submillimeter candidate water lines tend to be lower (typically <10−4 s−1) than infrared candidate water lines. Thus in the submillimeter candidate water line cases, the local intensity from the outer optically thin region in the disk is around 104 times smaller than that in the infrared candidate water line cases. Therefore, in the submillimeter lines, especially

and para-

lines with relatively lower upper state energies (∼a few 100 K) can also locate the position of the H2O snowline. We also investigate the possibility of future observations with ALMA to identify the position of the water snowline. There are several candidate water lines that trace the hot water gas inside the H2O snowline in ALMA Bands 5–10.
A Pulsar Wind Nebula Model Applied to Short GRB 050724
Authors: Lin Wei-Li , Wang Ling-Jun , Dai Zi-Gao 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
A subset of short gamma-ray bursts (sGRBs) have been found to be characterized by near-infrared/optical bumps at ∼1 days, some of which exhibit almost concurrent X-ray flares. Although the near-infrared/optical bumps may be a signature of kilonovae, the X-ray flares are not consistent with kilonovae. It is widely believed that sGRBs are produced by the mergers of double compact objects, during which sub-relativistic ejecta are launched. In this paper, we propose that the above optical/X-ray features are indicative of the formation of long-lived magnetars following the mergers of double neutron stars. Observations and theoretical works imply that the spin-down power of the magnetars is injected into the ejecta as ultra-relativistic electron–positron pairs, i.e., pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe). Here, we suggest such a PWN model and find that the optical bump and X-ray flare observed in GRB 050724 can be well understood in this PWN model. We show that the optical bump and X-ray flare may have different origins. Our results strengthen the evidence for the formation of magnetars in double neutron star mergers and justify the validity of the PWN model.
The Cocoon Shocks of Cygnus A: Pressures and Their Implications for the Jets and Lobes
Authors: Snios Bradford , Nulsen Paul E. J. , Wise Michael W. , de Vries Martijn , Birkinshaw Mark , Worrall Diana M. , Duffy Ryan T. , Kraft Ralph P. , McNamara Brian R. , Carilli Chris , Croston Judith H. , Edge Alastair C. , Godfrey Leith E. H. , Hardcastle Martin J. , Harris Daniel E. , Laing Robert A. , Mathews William G. , McKean John P. , Perley Richard A. , Rafferty David A. , Young Andrew J. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We use 2.0 Msec of Chandra observations to investigate the cocoon shocks of Cygnus A and some implications for its lobes and jet. Measured shock Mach numbers vary in the range 1.18–1.66 around the cocoon. We estimate a total outburst energy of

, with an age of

. The average postshock pressure is found to be

, which agrees with the average pressure of the thin rim of compressed gas between the radio lobes and shocks, as determined from X-ray spectra. However, average rim pressures are found to be lower in the western lobe than in the eastern lobe by ≃20%. Pressure estimates for hotspots A and D from synchrotron self-Compton models imply that each jet exerts a ram pressure ≳3 times its static pressure, consistent with the positions of the hotspots moving about on the cocoon shock over time. A steady, one-dimensional flow model is used to estimate jet properties, finding mildly relativistic flow speeds within the allowed parameter range. Models in which the jet carries a negligible flux of rest mass are consistent with the observed properties of the jets and hotspots. This favors the jets being light, implying that the kinetic power and momentum flux are carried primarily by the internal energy of the jet plasma rather than by its rest mass.
The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: The Two-season ACTPol Sunyaev–Zel’dovich Effect Selected Cluster Catalog
Authors: Hilton Matt , Hasselfield Matthew , Sifón Cristóbal , Battaglia Nicholas , Aiola Simone , Bharadwaj V. , Bond J. Richard , Choi Steve K. , Crichton Devin , Datta Rahul , Devlin Mark J. , Dunkley Joanna , Dünner Rolando , Gallardo Patricio A. , Gralla Megan , Hincks Adam D. , Ho Shuay-Pwu P. , Hubmayr Johannes , Huffenberger Kevin M. , Hughes John P. , Koopman Brian J. , Kosowsky Arthur , Louis Thibaut , Madhavacheril Mathew S. , Marriage Tobias A. , Maurin Loïc , McMahon Jeff , Miyatake Hironao , Moodley Kavilan , Næss Sigurd , Nati Federico , Newburgh Laura , Niemack Michael D. , Oguri Masamune , Page Lyman A. , Partridge Bruce , Schmitt Benjamin L. , Sievers Jon , Spergel David N. , Staggs Suzanne T. , Trac Hy , Engelen Alexander van , Vavagiakis Eve M. , Wollack Edward J. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We present a catalog of 182 galaxy clusters detected through the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) effect by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope in a contiguous 987.5 deg2 field. The clusters were detected as SZ decrements by applying a matched filter to 148 GHz maps that combine the original ACT equatorial survey with data from the first two observing seasons using the ACTPol receiver. Optical/IR confirmation and redshift measurements come from a combination of large public surveys and our own follow-up observations. Where necessary, we measured photometric redshifts for clusters using a pipeline that achieves accuracy Δz/(1 + z) = 0.015 when tested on Sloan Digital Sky Survey data. Under the assumption that clusters can be described by the so-called universal pressure profile (UPP) and its associated mass scaling law, the full signal-to-noise ratio > 4 sample spans the mass range

, with median

. The sample covers the redshift range 0.1 < z < 1.4 (median z = 0.49), and 28 clusters are new discoveries (median z = 0.80). We compare our catalog with other overlapping cluster samples selected using the SZ, optical, and X-ray wavelengths. We find that the ratio of the UPP-based SZ mass to richness-based weak-lensing mass is

. After applying this calibration, the mass distribution for clusters with M
500c > 4 × 1014
M
⊙ is consistent with the number of such clusters found in the South Pole Telescope SZ survey.
An Experimental Scattering Matrix for Lunar Regolith Simulant JSC-1A at Visible Wavelengths
Authors: Escobar-Cerezo J. , Muñoz O. , Moreno F. , Guirado D. , Gómez Martín J. C. , Goguen J. D. , Garboczi E. J. , Chiaramonti A. N. , Lafarge T. , West R. A. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We present the experimental scattering matrix as a function of the scattering angle of the lunar soil simulant JSC-1A. The measurements were performed at 488, 520, and 647 nm, covering the range of scattering angles from

to

. The effect of sub-micron-sized particles on the measured phase function and degree of linear polarization has been studied. After removing particles smaller than a 1 μm radius, the forward-scattering peak becomes steeper. Furthermore, the maximum of the degree of linear polarization increases, moving toward smaller scattering angles. Interestingly, the negative branch in the backward direction disappears as the small particles are removed from the sample. Because multiple scattering calculations with polarization included require single scattering matrices throughout the scattering range (from

to

), we computed the corresponding synthetic scattering matrix through an extrapolation method, considering theoretical boundary conditions. From the extrapolated results, the asymmetry parameter g and the back-scattering linear depolarization factor

were computed.
An Hα Imaging Survey of the Low-surface-brightness Galaxies Selected from the Fall Sky Region of the 40% ALFALFA H i Survey
Authors: Lei Feng-Jie , Wu Hong , Du Wei , Zhu Yi-Nan , Lam Man-I , Zhou Zhi-Min , He Min , Jin Jun-Jie , Cao Tian-Wen , Zhao Pin-Song , Yang Fan , Wu Chao-Jian , Li Hong-Bin , Ren Juan-Juan 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We present the observed Hα flux and derived star formation rates (SFRs) for a fall sample of low-surface-brightness galaxies (LSBGs). The sample is selected from the fall sky region of the 40% ALFALFA H i Survey–SDSS DR7 photometric data, and all the Hα images were obtained using the 2.16 m telescope, operated by the National Astronomy Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences. A total of 111 LSBGs were observed and Hα flux was measured in 92 of them. Though almost all the LSBGs in our sample are H i-rich, their SFRs, derived from the extinction and filter-transmission-corrected Hα flux, are less than 1 M
☉ yr−1. LSBGs and star-forming galaxies have similar H i surface densities, but LSBGs have much lower SFRs and SFR surface densities than star-forming galaxies. Our results show that LSBGs deviate from the Kennicutt–Schmidt law significantly, which indicates that they have low star formation efficiency. The SFRs of LSBGs are close to average SFRs in Hubble time and support previous arguments that most of the LSBGs are stable systems and they tend to seldom contain strong interactions or major mergers in their star formation histories.
<b>Aplicabilidade da classificação das intervenções e atividades de nutrição clínica em unidade hospitalar: estudo piloto/ Applicability of the clinical nutrition interventions classification and activities in a hospital unit: pilot study<b>
Authors: Oliveira Clotilde , Gaidzinski Raquel 
Published: March 2018

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a viabilidade do uso de uma classificação de intervenções/atividades executadas por nutricionistas no ambiente hospitalar e descrever o processo de trabalho destes profissionais. Pesquisa transversal, descritiva, observacional, realizada em um hospital público, no município de São Paulo. Participaram duas nutricionistas da unidade de internação cirúrgica. O instrumento aplicado contemplava o elenco de intervenções/atividades desenvolvidas pelos nutricionistas no Brasil. O tempo despendido pelos nutricionistas foi obtido pela observação direta e contínua das intervenções/atividades realizadas durante jornada de trabalho, por meio da técnica de tempo e movimento. Para análise dos dados, aplicou-se a estatística descritiva. O instrumento testado permitiu identificar todas as intervenções/atividades realizadas pelos nutricionistas, sem necessidade de alteração. Foram observadas 68,8% (22) intervenções/atividades. O tempo total observado correspondeu 1920 minutos. As nutricionistas despenderam a maior parte do tempo de trabalho em intervenções de cuidados diretos e indiretos (1406 minutos; 55,9%), espera (358 minutos; 18,6%), atividades pessoais (206,4 minutos; 10,8%) e deslocamento (205,4 minutos; 10,7%). O uso desse instrumento mostrou potencial para ser aplicado em unidades hospitalares brasileiras e forneceu dados preliminares sobre a prática profissional dos nutricionistas observados.
Adapting and translating the Mullen Scales of Early Learning for the South African context
Authors: Bornman Juan , Romski MaryAnn , Tonsing Kerstin , Sevcik Rose , White Robyn , Barton-Hulsey Andrea , Morwane Refilwe 
Published: March 2018

Background: South African speech-language therapists have identified the need for culturally valid and sensitive assessment tools that can accommodate multiple languages and cover a reasonable age range. The Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) extend from birth to 68 months, contain five separate subscales including receptive language, expressive language, gross motor, fine motor and visual reception scale, are straightforward to administer and have been successfully used in other African countries, such as Uganda. It also identifies a child’s strengths and weaknesses and provides a solid foundation for intervention planning.Objectives: This research aimed to demonstrate the appropriateness and usefulness of the translated and culturally and linguistically adapted MSEL across four South African languages (Afrikaans, isiZulu, Setswana and South African English) through two sub-aims: (1) to describe differences, if any, in MSEL performance across language groups and (2) to describe differences, if any, in MSEL performance between age groups.Method: A total of 198 typically developing children between the ages of 21 and 68 months spread across the four language groups were individually assessed with the culturally and linguistically adapted and translated MSEL.Results: A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed no statistically significant differences between the four language groups for total MSEL scores. A Welch’s one-way ANOVA showed that the total MSEL scores were significantly different between age groups.Conclusion: The translation and adaptation of the MSEL was successful and did not advantage or disadvantage children based on their home language, implying that linguistic equivalence was achieved. The MSEL results differed between age groups, suggesting that the measure was also successful in differentiating the performance of children at different developmental levels.