bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Major Element Logratios to Recognize Compositional Patterns of Basalt: Implications for Source Lithological and Compositional Heterogeneities
Authors: Yang Zong‐Feng , Li Jie , Jiang Qing‐Bao , Xu Fei , Guo Shuang‐Yan , Li Yue , Zhang Jun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the source lithology of basalts can greatly impact our understanding of magmatic processes, which can help us gain insight into mantle heterogeneity and crustal material recycling. However, many uncertainties remain about how to recognize the relationship between major element patterns of basalts and source lithological and/or compositional diversities using typical petrological methods. In this study, discriminant functional analysis and multivariate regression are carried out using major element logratios for literature experimental melts of four primitive mantle‐like lherzolites and six mafic lithologies (five pyroxenites and one hornblendite). A parameter called FCMS (FCMS = ln (FeO/CaO) − 0.058 * (ln (MgO/SiO2))3 − 0.636 * (ln (MgO/SiO2))2 − 1.850 * ln (MgO/SiO2) − 1.170, all the major elements in weight percent) is proposed to identify source lithologies for basaltic melts. When the logratios ln(K2O/Al2O3), ln (TiO2/Na2O), and ln (Na2O/K2O) are incorporated into FCMS, the temperature and pressure effects on the compositional heterogeneity of peridotites melts can be significantly reduced; a more powerful parameter called FCKANTMS (FCKANTMS = ln (FeO/CaO) − 0.08 * ln(K2O/Al2O3) − 0.052 * ln (TiO2/Na2O) − 0.036 * ln (Na2O/K2O) * ln (Na2O/TiO2) − 0.062 * (ln (MgO/SiO2))3 − 0.641 * (ln (MgO/SiO2))2 − 1.871 * ln (MgO/SiO2) − 1.473, all the major elements in weight percent) can be obtained. Olivine fractional crystallization and accumulation, although they can significantly change most major element contents and ratios, usually increase or decrease FCMS and FCKANTMS by only 0–0.15, which is one order of magnitude lower than their variations in the primary experimental melts of different lithologies. Importantly, approximately 80% and 50% low to moderate degree (F < 60%) partial melts (n = 303) of mafic lithology (with or without volatiles in source materials) can be distinguished from melts of peridotite and transitional lithologies when FCKANTMS combined with ln (CaO/TiO2) and ln (SiO2/(CaO + Na2O + TiO2)). Thus, the chemical markers could be used to constrain source lithology and origin of natural basalts.
GIGJ: A Crustal Gravity Model of the Guangdong Province for Predicting the Geoneutrino Signal at the JUNO Experiment
Authors: Reguzzoni M. , Rossi L. , Baldoncini M. , Callegari I. , Poli P. , Sampietro D. , Strati V. , Mantovani F. , Andronico G. , Antonelli V. , Bellato M. , Bernieri E. , Brigatti A. , Brugnera R. , Budano A. , Buscemi M. , Bussino S. , Caruso R. , Chiesa D. , Corti D. , Dal Corso F. , Ding X.F. , Dusini S. , Fabbri A. , Fiorentini G. , Ford R. , Formozov A. , Galet G. , Garfagnini A. , Giammarchi M. , Giaz A. , Grassi M. , Insolia A. , Isocrate R. , Lippi I. , Longhitano F. , Lo Presti D. , Lombardi P. , Malyshkin Y. , Marini F. , Mari S.M. , Martellini C. , Meroni E. , Mezzetto M. , Miramonti L. , Monforte S. , Montuschi M. , Nastasi M. , Ortica F. , Paoloni A. , Parmeggiano S. , Pedretti D. , Pelliccia N. , Pompilio R. , Previtali E. , Ranucci G. , Re A.C. , Ricci B. , Romani A. , Saggese P. , Salamanna G. , Sawy F.H. , Settanta G. , Sisti M. , Sirignano C. , Spinetti M. , Stanco L. , Verde G. , Votano L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGravimetric methods are expected to play a decisive role in geophysical modeling of the regional crustal structure applied to geoneutrino studies. GIGJ (GOCE Inversion for Geoneutrinos at JUNO) is a 3‐D numerical model constituted by ~46 × 103 voxels of 50 × 50 × 0.1 km, built by inverting GOCE (Gravity field and steady‐state Ocean Circulation Explorer) gravimetric data over the 6° × 4° area centered at the JUNO (Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory) experiment, currently under construction in the Guangdong Province (China). The a priori modeling is based on the adoption of deep seismic sounding profiles, receiver functions, teleseismic P wave velocity models, and Moho depth maps, according to their own accuracy and spatial resolution. The inversion method allowed for integrating GOCE data with the a priori information and some regularization conditions through a Bayesian approach and a stochastic optimization. GIGJ fits the highly accurate and homogeneously distributed GOCE gravity data with a ~1 mGal standard deviation of the residuals, compatible with the observation accuracy. GIGJ provides a site‐specific subdivision of the crustal layers masses, of which uncertainties include estimation errors, associated to the gravimetric solution, and systematic uncertainties, related to the adoption of a fixed sedimentary layer. A consequence of this local rearrangement of the crustal layer thicknesses is a ~21% reduction and a ~24% increase of the middle and lower crust geoneutrino signal, respectively. The geophysical uncertainties of geoneutrino signals at JUNO produced by unitary uranium and thorium abundances distributed in the upper, middle, and lower crust are reduced by 77%, 55%, and 78%, respectively. The numerical model is available at this site (http://www.fe.infn.it/radioactivity/GIGJ).
Dynamics and Attributions of Baseflow in the Semiarid Loess Plateau
Authors: Wu Jingwen , Miao Chiyuan , Duan Qingyun , Lei Xiaohui , Li Xiaoyan , Li Hu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBaseflow is an all‐important replenishment feature of the hydrologic cycle for maintaining surface water in basins across the world. Understanding its dynamics and the influence of climate variability and human activities will be beneficial for developing sustainable water‐management strategies. In this study, we selected 11 basins within the Loess Plateau (a typical semiarid region in China) for assessment of the variations in baseflow and baseflow index (BFI; the ratio of baseflow volume to total streamflow volume) during the period 1961–2014. We compared eight baseflow separation methods and selected the median series in order to reduce the uncertainty. Results showed that values of the “Bflow” and Eckhardt filter methods were higher than values of the other six methods for the period of peak discharge. Annual baseflow exhibited a statistically significant downward trend (p < 0.01) in all 11 basins except Qingjian and Yanhe basins, while nine basins trended upward for BFI. All basins exhibited downward trends for seasonal baseflow in all seasons, with Yanhe and Qingjian showing the least significant trend. Variations in both baseflow and the BFI were more sensitive to variations in potential evapotranspiration than to variations in precipitation. Across these 11 basins for both the conservation engineering period (1971–1999) and the reforestation period (2000–2014), human activities (73% and 76%, respectively) contributed more than climate variability (27% and 24%, respectively) to average baseflow decline. However, climate variability was the main factor altering the BFI, with the contribution accounting for about 54% and 76%, respectively, for the two periods.
Seasonal Patterns of Riverine Carbon Sources and Export in NW Greenland
Authors: Csank Adam Z. , Czimczik Claudia I. , Xu Xiaomei , Welker Jeffrey M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGlacial runoff exports large amounts of carbon (C) to the oceans, but major uncertainty remains regarding sources, seasonality, and magnitude. We apportioned C exported by five rivers from glacial and periglacial sources in northwest Greenland by monitoring discharge, water sources (δ18O), concentration and composition of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and ages (14C) of DOC and particulate organic C over three summers (2010–2012). We found that particulate organic C (F = 1.0366–0.2506) was generally older than DOC in glacial sourced rivers and likely sourced from the physical erosion of aged C pools. Most exported DOC showed strong seasonal variations in sources and discharge. In summer, mean DOC ages ranged from modern to 4,750 cal years BP (F = 1.0022–0.6291); however, the annual C flux from glacially sourced rivers was dominated by young, plant‐derived DOC (F = 0.9667–1.002) exported during the spring freshet. The most aged DOC (F = 0.6891–0.8297) was exported in middle to late summer at lower concentrations and was glacial in origin. Scaled to the whole of Greenland using model‐estimated runoff, we estimate a total riverine DOC flux of 0.29% to 0.45% ± 20% Tg C/year. Our flux results indicate that the highest C fluxes occur during the time of year when the majority of C is modern in age. However, higher melt rates from the Greenland ice sheet and longer growing seasons could result in increasing amounts of ancient C from the Greenland ice sheet and from the periglacial landscape to the ocean.
Deep Autoregressive Neural Networks for High‐Dimensional Inverse Problems in Groundwater Contaminant Source Identification
Authors: Mo Shaoxing , Zabaras Nicholas , Shi Xiaoqing , Wu Jichun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIdentification of a groundwater contaminant source simultaneously with the hydraulic conductivity in highly heterogeneous media often results in a high‐dimensional inverse problem. In this study, a deep autoregressive neural network‐based surrogate method is developed for the forward model to allow us to solve efficiently such high‐dimensional inverse problems. The surrogate is trained using limited evaluations of the forward model. Since the relationship between the time‐varying inputs and outputs of the forward transport model is complex, we propose an autoregressive strategy, which treats the output at the previous time step as input to the network for predicting the output at the current time step. We employ a dense convolutional encoder‐decoder network architecture in which the high‐dimensional input and output fields of the model are treated as images to leverage the robust capability of convolutional networks in image‐like data processing. An iterative local updating ensemble smoother algorithm is used as the inversion framework. The proposed method is evaluated using a synthetic contaminant source identification problem with 686 uncertain input parameters. Results indicate that, with relatively limited training data, the deep autoregressive neural network consisting of 27 convolutional layers is capable of providing an accurate approximation for the high‐dimensional model input‐output relationship. The autoregressive strategy substantially improves the network's accuracy and computational efficiency. The application of the surrogate‐based iterative local updating ensemble smoother in solving the inverse problem shows that it can achieve accurate inversion results and predictive uncertainty estimates.
Evidence of Europa Neutral Gas Torii From Energetic Sulfur Ion Measurements
Authors: Nénon Q. , André N. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractImaging of energetic neutral atoms coming from a trans‐Europa region and energetic proton observations by Galileo around Jupiter have previously revealed the existence of a neutral gas torus produced by Europa. Energetic sulfur ions observed by Galileo do not show any effect of the Europa torus for Mc Ilwain parameters L > 9.2, surely because ions are multiply charged, so that the torus first needs to bring the ions charge state to one before being able to neutralize them. Signatures of the Europa torus in energetic sulfur ion measurements obtained near the magnetic equator at L = 9.08–9.20 during Galileo orbits C10 and E11 are reported for the first time in this letter. They provide an independent confirmation of the Europa neutral gas torus. Pitch angle distributions suggest that protons might principally interact with a vertically thin neutral oxygen torus, while sulfur ions are lost by charge exchange with a vertically thicker hydrogen torus.
Evidence for High Rates of Gas Transport in the Deep Subsurface
Authors: Stauffer P. H. , Rahn T. , Ortiz J. P. , Salazar L. J. , Boukhalfa H. , Behar H. R. , Snyder E. E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBarometric pumping caused by atmospheric pressure fluctuations contributes to the motion of gases in the vadose zone. While the resulting gas transport is often negligible in unfractured porous rocks, rates of transport in fractured media can be significant. Deep atmospheric pumping has implications for nuclear gas detection, water balance, and contaminant transport. We present results from a tracer test conducted to characterize deep subsurface fractured basalt and investigate the effects of barometric pumping on gaseous contaminant mobility. The tracer test provides data to constrain permeability, porosity, and diffusivity in a numerical representation of the experiment. A numerical model is used to simulate gas flow and dispersive transport under fluctuating pressure conditions. Tracer test and simulation results suggest that barometric pumping induces 10 to 100 times more mixing in the basalt than predicted by gas diffusion alone. Within the basalt fractures, estimates of gas velocity reach maximums of nearly 1,000 m/day.
Responsiveness of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis to leptin is impaired in diet-induced obese rats
Authors: Shin Andrew C. , MohanKumar Sheba M. J. , Balasubramanian Priya , Sirivelu Madhu P. , Linning Katrina , Woolcock Andrew , James Michelle , MohanKumar Puliyur S. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Background/objectives
Diet-induced obese (DIO) rats have altered stress (HPA) axis activity compared to diet-resistant (DR) rats when chronically exposed to a high-fat (HF) diet. Since stress axis is tightly regulated by leptin, an adipocyte-secreted hormone that is important for controlling body weight, we hypothesized that leptin action is impaired in DIO rats leading to alterations in HPA axis activity.

Subjects/methods
We intraperitoneally injected selectively bred DIO and DR rats with either saline or recombinant rat leptin. HPA axis activity was assessed by measuring norepinephrine (NE) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in the median eminence, and serum corticosterone (CORT). To test if HF exposure duration and the corresponding increase in leptin differentially affects HPA axis activity, we placed animals on a chow or HF diet for 1 or 6 weeks.

Results
Leptin injection significantly increased serum leptin levels in both DIO and DR animals. It also reduced PVN NE in both groups, indicating that noradrenergic neurons in both groups remain responsive to leptin. HF diet duration-dependently increased serum leptin only in DIO animals whereas PVN NE increased in both groups. While DR rats responded to HF diet by increasing CRH and CORT at both time-points, responses in DIO rats varied, suggesting that they have altered HPA axis activity that may be dependent on HF-induced leptin levels and/or signaling. To understand the underlying mechanisms, we measured pSTAT-3, a marker of leptin signaling, in brainstem noradrenergic neurons and found reduced pSTAT-3 in A1 region of HF-fed DIO rats. We also found higher serum free fatty acids (FFAs) and a pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-1β.

Conclusions
Collectively, these findings reveal that DIO rats have inherent neuroendocrine impairment in NE-HPA axis circuitry that worsens with the extent of HF diet exposure, possibly due to brainstem leptin resistance and/or elevated circulating FFAs and IL-1β.
Adaptations and evolution of a heritable leaf nodule symbiosis between Dioscorea sansibarensis and Orrella dioscoreae
Authors: De Meyer Frédéric , Danneels Bram , Acar Tessa , Rasolomampianina Rado , Rajaonah Mamy Tiana , Jeannoda Vololoniaina , Carlier Aurelien 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Various plant species establish intimate symbioses with bacteria within their aerial organs. The bacteria are contained within nodules or glands often present in distinctive patterns on the leaves in what is commonly referred to as leaf nodule symbiosis. We describe here a highly specific symbiosis between a wild yam species from Madagascar, Dioscorea sansibarensis and bacteria of the species Orrella dioscoreae. Using whole-genome sequencing of plastids and bacteria from wild-collected samples, we show phylogenetic patterns consistent with a dominant vertical mode of transmission of the symbionts. Unique so far among leaf nodule symbioses, the bacteria can be cultured and are amenable to comparative transcriptomics, revealing a potential role in complementing the host’s arsenal of secondary metabolites. We propose a recent establishment of a vertical mode of transmission in this symbiosis which, together with a large effective population size explains the cultivability and apparent lack of genome reductive evolution in O. dioscoreae. We leverage these unique features to reveal pathways and functions under positive selection in these specialized endophytes, highlighting the candidate mechanisms enabling a permanent association in the phyllosphere.
Genome-wide association analysis reveals KCTD12 and miR-383-binding genes in the background of rumination
Authors: Eszlari Nora , Millinghoffer Andras , Petschner Peter , Gonda Xenia , Baksa Daniel , Pulay Attila J. , Réthelyi János M. , Breen Gerome , Deakin John Francis William , Antal Peter , Bagdy Gyorgy , Juhasz Gabriella 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRuminative response style is a passive and repetitive way of responding to stress, associated with several disorders. Although twin and candidate gene studies have proven the genetic underpinnings of rumination, no genome-wide association study (GWAS) has been conducted yet. We performed a GWAS on ruminative response style and its two subtypes, brooding and reflection, among 1758 European adults recruited in the general population of Budapest, Hungary, and Manchester, United Kingdom. We evaluated single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based, gene-based and gene set-based tests, together with inferences on genes regulated by our most significant SNPs. While no genome-wide significant hit emerged at the SNP level, the association of rumination survived correction for multiple testing withKCTD12at the gene level, and with the set of genes binding miR-383 at the gene set level. SNP-level results were concordant between the Budapest and Manchester subsamples for all three rumination phenotypes. SNP-level results and their links to brain expression levels based on external databases supported the role ofKCTD12,SRGAP3, andSETD5in rumination,CDH12in brooding, andDPYSL5,MAPRE3,KCNK3,ATXN7L3B, andTPH2in reflection, among others. The relatively low sample size is a limitation of our study. Results of the first GWAS on rumination identified genes previously implicated in psychiatric disorders underscoring the transdiagnostic nature of rumination, and pointed to the possible role of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum in this cognitive process.
Keratinocyte differentiation promotes ER stress-dependent lysosome biogenesis
Authors: Mahanty Sarmistha , Dakappa Shruthi Shirur , Shariff Rezwan , Patel Saloni , Swamy Mruthyunjaya Mathapathi , Majumdar Amitabha , Setty Subba Rao Gangi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractKeratinocytes maintain epidermal integrity through cellular differentiation. This process enhances intraorganelle digestion in keratinocytes to sustain nutritional and calcium-ionic stresses observed in upper skin layers. However, the molecular mechanisms governing keratinocyte differentiation and concomitant increase in lysosomal function is poorly understood. Here, by using primary neonatal human epidermal keratinocytes, we identified the molecular link between signaling pathways and cellular differentiation/lysosome biogenesis. Incubation of keratinocytes with CaCl2 induces differentiation with increased cell size and early differentiation markers. Further, differentiated keratinocytes display enhanced lysosome biogenesis generated through ATF6-dependent ER stress signaling, but independent of mTOR-MiT/TFE pathway. In contrast, chemical inhibition of mTORC1 accelerates calcium-induced keratinocyte differentiation, suggesting that activation of autophagy promotes the differentiation process. Moreover, differentiation of keratinocytes results in lysosome dispersion and Golgi fragmentation, and the peripheral lysosomes showed colocalization with Golgi-tethering proteins, suggesting that these organelles possibly derived from Golgi. In line, inhibition of Golgi function, but not the depletion of Golgi-tethers or altered lysosomal acidity, abolishes keratinocyte differentiation and lysosome biogenesis. Thus, ER stress regulates lysosome biogenesis and keratinocyte differentiation to maintain epidermal homeostasis.
Osteosarcoma cell intrinsic PD-L2 signals promote invasion and metastasis via the RhoA-ROCK-LIMK2 and autophagy pathways
Authors: Ren Tingting , Zheng Bingxin , Huang Yi , Wang Shidong , Bao Xing , Liu Kuisheng , Guo Wei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractKnown as co-stimulatory molecule, programmed death ligand-2 (PD-L2) contributes to T-cell exhaustion by interaction with programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor, but its tumor cell-intrinsic signal effects have been little investigated. PD-L2 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry in 18 pairs of primary osteosarcoma tissues and matching lung metastasis tissues. We also investigated the effects of PD-L2 knockdown on osteosarcoma both in vitro and in vivo. In our study, PD-L2 expression was elevated in lung metastases compared with primary osteosarcoma according to an immunohistochemistry assay. Wound-healing and transwell assays revealed that PD-L2 knockdown leaded to inhibition of migration and invasion of human osteosarcoma cells in vitro. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that PD-L2 knockdown attenuated migration and invasion by inactivating RhoA-ROCK-LIMK2 signaling, suppressing epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and inhibiting autophagy by decreasing beclin-1 expression. In support of these observations, beclin-1 knockdown also inhibited activation of the RhoA-ROCK-LIMK2 pathway, leading to autophagy inhibition-induced blockade of migration and invasion. Depletion of PD-L2 in KHOS cells markedly weakens pulmonary metastatic potential in vivo by orthotopic transplantation of nude mice. Our study reveals a pro-metastatic functional mechanism for PD-L2 in osteosarcoma. Furthermore, we demonstrate a regulatory role for PD-L2 on autophagy, as well as a relationship between autophagy and metastasis in osteosarcoma, which may represent a potential therapeutic target for osteosarcoma.
Colorless-to-colorful switching electrochromic polyimides with very high contrast ratio
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Tsai Chou-Yi , Li Lain-Jong , Liaw Der-Jang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractColorless-to-colorful switching electrochromic polymers with very high contrast ratio are unattainable and attractive for the applications of smart wearable electronics. Here we report a facile strategy in developing colorless-to-colorful switching electrochromic polyimides by incorporating with alicyclic nonlinear, twisted structures and adjusted conjugated electrochromophores, which minimize the charge transfer complex formation. It is noted that, by controlling the conjugation length of electrochromophore, the colorless-to-black switching electrochromic polymer film (PI-1a) exhibites an ultrahigh integrated contrast ratio up to 91.4% from 380 to 780 nm, especially up to 96.8% at 798 nm. In addition, PI-1a film with asymmetric structure also demonstrates fast electrochemical and electrochromic behaviors (a switching and bleaching time of 1.3 s and 1.1 s, respectively) due to the loose chain stacking, which provides more pathways for the penetration of counterion. Moreover, the colorless-to-black EC device based on PI-1a reveals an overall integrated contrast ratio up to 80%.