bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for acute kidney injury in children with critical illness
Authors: Chalisah Lilis , Sovira Nora , Amna Eka Yunita , Amna Eka Yunita , Anidar Anidar , Haris Syafruddin , Bakhtiar Bakhtiar 
Published: November 2024

Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an acute functional kidney disorder that increases morbidity and mortality in children. The mortality rate for critically ill patients accompanied by AKI is quite high and is influenced by the degree of AKI, the severity of the disease, and organ function disorders. Understanding the risk factors of developing AKI in children with critical illness can help prevent AKI.
Objective To determine the risk factors for AKI in children with critical illness.
Methods This retrospective cohort study included 255 children aged 1 month to 18 years admitted at the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of dr. Zainoel Abidin Regional Public Hospital, Banda Aceh, Aceh, from January to December 2022 using medical record data. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed.
Results Acute kidney injury occurred in 68 (26.7%) patients. Based on pRIFLE criteria, 34 (50%) patients had AKI in the failure stage. Risk factors for AKI in children with critical illness were in descending order of RR: sepsis (RR 14.3; 95%CI 11.68 to 18.66; P=0.000), mechanical ventilation (RR 12.13; 95%CI 8.75 to 15.98; P=0.000), respiratory disorders (RR 2.51; 95%CI 2.06 to 4.02; P=0.003), congenital heart disease (RR 2.08; 95%CI 2.00 to 3.05; P=0.004), CNS disorders (RR 1.24; 95%CI 1.02 to 2.49; P=0.048), nephrotoxic drug use (RR 1.41; 95%CI 1.24 to 3.08; P=0.000), and age 1 month to 5 years (RR 0.072; 95%CI 0.16 to 0.32; P=0.010).
Conclusion Sepsis is a risk factor for AKI in children with critical illness, followed by mechanical ventilation use, respiratory disorders, nephrotoxic drug use. Age <5 years is a protective factor.
Risk factors of speech and language disorders in children
Authors: Rusli Vinia , Suryawan Ahmad , Irmawati Mira , Irwanto Irwanto , Notobroto Hari Basuki 
Published: November 2024

Background Speech and language problems are developmental disorders often observed in children. Risk factors for speech and language disorders can occur prenatally, perinatally, or postnatally. Recognizing the risk factors for speech and language problems is essential for early diagnosis and intervention.
Objective To identify risk and protective factors of speech and language disorders in children.
Methods This case-control study was conducted in the Growth and Development Clinic at Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Siloam Hospital, Kendangsari Merr Hospital, and Darmo Hospital, Surabaya, East Java. Subjects with normal development were included in the control group, subjects with speech-language development disorders with no additional problems were included in the primary case group, and subjects with speech-language disorders and additional problems were included in the secondary case group. Subjects underwent history-taking and developmental examinations to assess for risk factors and types of speech-language disorders.
Results During March – July 2023, 162 subjects aged 2-6 years met the inclusion criteria. The significant risk factors in the primary group were male sex (P=0.000), age 2-3 years (P=0.01), and maternal age 19-35 years (P=0.018). The protective factor identified was not bilingual (P=0.046). In the secondary group, the significant risk factor was male gender (P=0.002). The protective factors obtained were absence of seizures (P=0.028) and not being bilingual (P=0.045).
Conclusion Male gender is a risk factor while non-bilingual is protective for speech-language disorders in children.
A serial case of Japanese encephalitis in West Kalimantan
Authors: Thedra Nathania , Phangkawira Evelyn 
Published: November 2024

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an important, vaccine-preventable cause of viral encephalitis in Asia. This medical condition has a high morbidity and mortality rate, remains an under-recognized cause of encephalitis, with high rate of mortality and severe sequelae in children, especially in West Kalimantan. However, poor surveillance has made the burden difficult to quantify, hindering decisions about subsidized vaccine introduction.
In this serial case, the most common clinical presentations of JE were fever, altered mental status, seizures, vomiting, and positive meningeal irritation signs or pathologic reflexes. The JE mortality rate was as high as 40%. These highlight the need of disease surveillance, diagnostic kits supply, and health education to increase public disease awareness.
Regional marketing mechanisms for industrial energy flexibility enabled by service-oriented IT platforms
Authors: Scharmer Valerie M. , Bank Lukas , Halbrügge Stephanie , Haupt Leon , Köberlein Jana , Roth Stefan , Schulz Julia , Vernim Susanne , Weibelzahl Martin , Buhl Hans Ulrich , Schilp Johannes , Zaeh Michael F. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
An increasing number of renewable energy sources driven by ambitious sustainability efforts is both changing and challenging electricity systems worldwide. Successfully dealing with a variable and highly decentralized electricity supply associated with the rising share of renewable energy sources will be crucial in the near future. This paper investigates the potential of information technology (IT) for regional marketing of energy flexibility from the machine level in factories to the electricity-grid level. In this context, energy flexibility describes the capability to react quickly and cost-efficiently to alternating electricity availability. Based on a literature review of regional marketing mechanisms, existing concepts of IT platforms, and current real-world model regions, this paper aims to apply a holistic research approach to better understand the challenges regarding the energy transition on a regional level and corresponding requirements for IT platforms used for flexibility marketing. The approach allows to identify relevant key challenges and flexibility marketing use cases, attributing core importance to underlying production processes. In particular, target processes for respective use cases are derived based on a description of current regional marketing of demand flexibility. Successful implementation of target processes is required to provide regional energy flexibility via IT platforms. A comparison between current processes and target processes finally allows defining the need for change and development, e.g., of new intelligent interfaces, already during the conceptual test of new IT platforms. The introduced research approach was applied to one exemplary use case within the energy-flexible model region Augsburg of the Kopernikus project SynErgie, Germany. The paper especially illustrates that service-oriented IT platforms simplify the communication process between the relevant players in energy flexibility marketing.
Linear transverse flux generator for wave energy conversion: design optimization and analysis
Authors: Duniev Oleksii , Yehorov Andrii , Masliennikov Andrii , Stamann Mario , Dobzhanskyi Oleksandr 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The electric power industry impacts each state’s economy significantly, driven by increasing electricity consumption that necessitates expanding power plants and finding alternative energy sources. Among alternative energy sources, ocean and sea wave energy converters can be distinguished as a separate class. Wave energy converters transform wave energy into mechanical and then electrical energy. The purpose of the study is to analyze and optimize the magnetic system of a transverse flux machine (TFM) linear generator and to determine the influence of the distance between the stator cores on the efficiency of the generator. This research included conducting 3D modeling and analysis to identify this rational distance. The methods for investigating the magnetic system and calculating the magnetic field pattern are divided into analytical and numerical. Thanks to advanced software for solving such tasks, numerical calculation methods based on the finite element method play a decisive role. Meanwhile, analytical calculations of the magnetic circuit are performed using Kirchhoff’s second law for preliminary analysis. The article discusses a two-phase linear TFM generator with a U-shaped core and permanent magnets. The results of numerical modeling show that the distance between the stator cores should have a specific size and requires detailed selection when designing the magnetic system in each particular case. In the design studied, it was calculated that 6 mm between the stator cores increases the machine’s performance. 3D modeling is necessary for accurate analysis, considering the axial magnetic flux to minimize stray fields and their mutual demagnetization. Future research will explore an E-shaped core TFM design.
The body says it all: Non-verbal indicators of choice awareness
Authors: Mouratidou Alexandra , Zlatev Jordan , van de Weijer Joost 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Recent cognitive science research suggests that occasional “blindness” to choice manipulations indicates a lack of awareness in choice making. This claim is based on participants’ tendency not to detect choice manipulations and the similarity between their justifications for choices they made and those they were tricked into believing they made. Using a cognitive-semiotic framework, we argue that such conclusions underestimate the embodied, intersubjective nature of human meaning-making. We support this by investigating choice awareness beyond language to include non-verbal behavior. Forty-one participants were asked to choose from pairs of photographs of human faces the one they found most attractive and then to justify their choices, without knowing that for some of the trials they were asked to justify a choice that they had not made. Verbal responses were categorized as (i) non-manipulated, (ii) detected manipulated, and (iii) undetected manipulated trials. Bodily expressions, assessed using five different Categories of Bodily Expression (CBE): Adaptors, Torso, Head, Face and Hand expressions, revealed differences in: (a) duration, (b) rates of occurrence and (c) variety of the CBEs across trials. Thus, even when manipulations were not verbally detected, participants took longer to assess choices, showed increased bodily expressions, and engaged more body parts in undetected manipulations compared to non-manipulated choice trials. This suggests a degree of awareness to the choice manipulation, even if pre-reflective, manifested in participants’ bodily expressions.
Linguistic paradigms as cognitive entities: A domain-general approach
Authors: Setzke Rafael Soto 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The concept of paradigm has been used extensively in many areas of linguistics throughout the past century, such as language education or historical linguistics. It is therefore quite surprising that paradigms have mostly been disregarded when it comes to cognitive language theories. Recently however, more and more researchers have started to advocate for the introduction of paradigms into cognitivist frameworks to be able to account for certain phenomena in language that would be hard to explain otherwise. But whilst there is agreement on which phenomena could best be explained through the notion of paradigm, there is a lot of disagreement regarding the way in which paradigms would be mentally represented, and how they would relate to the rest of the mental lexicon. This paper will discuss a few reasons to believe that paradigms are part of our grammar, present two previously proposed examples for modelling paradigms from a cognitivist perspective, highlight possible issues regarding their psychological plausibility, and explore how further research on modelling paradigms could be aided through an alternative domain-general approach which proposes that paradigms are cognitively equivalent to non-linguistic categories.
Adaptive language strategies of an older sibling in bilingual German-Russian acquisition: A case study
Authors: Koch Nikolas , Gaus Maria 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In the beginning stages of language acquisition, children primarily learn language from their parents or main caregivers. Studies have shown that adults use a specific way of speaking when talking to young children, called child-directed speech (CDS). This type of speech has distinct characteristics across different aspects of language. Additionally, older siblings also communicate with their younger brothers and sisters. Studies suggest that even three- and four-year-olds change how they talk when interacting with younger children, like their siblings. Studies have shown that children’s speech patterns resemble those of adults, whether they grow up in monolingual or bilingual environments. However, research on bilingual language acquisition often focuses on how siblings influence the language development of younger children. In this study, we explore how children adapt their language in bilingual settings and focus on the older sibling. Specifically, we compare the speech of an older sibling, who speaks both German and Russian, when talking to their younger sibling and when talking to their parents. The study revealed the following: The girl demonstrated linguistic adaptations typical of child-directed speech in both Russian and German when interacting with her younger brother. However, these adaptations were not consistent across all linguistic categories analyzed, revealing some differences between the two languages. Notably, Katharina did not exhibit more child-directed speech features in one language over the other. Adaptive behavior was present in both Russian and German in categories such as MLU, MLU5, question constructions, and imperatives. In Russian, adaptation was also evident in coordinate constructions but not subordinate constructions, while the opposite pattern was observed in German.
The role of L1 phonology in the perception of L2 semivowels
Authors: Zhou Wei William 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The study compares how L1 Chinese and Japanese speakers perceive L2 English semivowels (/j/ and /w/) preceding high vowels (/i/ and /u/). In Chinese, [j] and [w] serve as phonetic variants of /i/ and /u/, respectively. However, /j/ and /w/ are distinct phonemes in Japanese, although Japanese /w/ lacks the roundness feature found in English /w/. Participants completed experiments with a discrimination task and an identification task. While the discrimination task revealed no differences in /j/ and /w/ perception between the groups, the identification task showed that the Japanese speakers outperformed the Chinese speakers in their perception of /j/, suggesting an L1 “phonemic over phonetic” advantage. However, the Japanese speakers did not outperform the Chinese speakers in their perception of /w/, suggesting that an L2 feature unexploited in the L1 (i.e., roundness) can impede perception. These findings underscore the importance of considering both phonemic status and features in L2 speech perception.
Sophia: The Female Aspect of Christ in Origen of Alexandria
Authors: Jacobsen Anders-Christian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article examines the feminine aspect of Sophia, a significant title for Christ in Origen of Alexandria’s theology. It investigates whether Origen recognized and utilized Sophia’s femininity to develop a Christology that incorporates female elements or if he downplayed this aspect to counter Gnostic interpretations, particularly those of the Valentinians, who sexualized the divine. The analysis begins with an overview of the Wisdom figure in Prov 8:22-25 and its representation in Valentinian Gnosticism, highlighting Origen’s reliance on biblical texts as foundational to his theological framework. Key passages from Origen’s “On First Principles” and “Commentary on the Gospel of John” are explored to reveal his understanding of Sophia as both a mediator in creation and an integral part of Christ’s identity. The article concludes that while Origen acknowledges Sophia’s femininity, he strategically avoids sexualized language and imagery, likely to prevent misinterpretation among simpler Christians and to distance himself from Gnostic thought. Ultimately, this nuanced approach reflects Origen’s complex engagement with the feminine in his theological discourse.
ТЕРРИТОРИАЛЬНЫЕ СОЧЕТАНИЯ ЭКСТРЕМАЛЬНЫХ ПРИРОДНЫХ ПРОЦЕССОВ И ОПАСНЫХ ЯВЛЕНИЙ В ТИХООКЕАНСКОЙ РОССИИ
Authors: П.Я. БАКЛАНОВ , С.М. ГОВОРУШКО , Г.Г. ТКАЧЕНКО , С.М. КРАСНОПЕЕВ 
Published: November 2024

Рассмотрены экстремальные природные процессы и опасные явления, которые наблюдаются в Дальневосточном регионе: землетрясения, цунами, лавины, сели, криогенные процессы, экстремальные низкие температуры, наводнения, грозы, пожары, метели, туманы, водная эрозия, карст, ледники и др. Выделены различные территориальные сочетания этих процессов и явлений. Пространственный охват исследования - макрорегион, который рассматривается как акватерриториальный регион Тихоокеанской России, включающий территорию и прилегающие к ней пространства акваторий в пределах 200-мильной морской исключительной зоны. В этом акватерриториальном макрорегионе активно развивается региональное природопользование, в том числе освоение природных ресурсов приморской суши и ресурсов морских акваторий. В то же время многие экстремальные природные процессы и опасные явления, возникающие в пределах морских акваторий, негативно отражаются на прибрежной суше. Дана оценка территориальным и акватерриториальным сочетаниям экстремальных природных процессов и опасных явлений в Тихоокеанской России. Построены карты нескольких вариантов зонирования по различию сочетаний экстремальных природных процессов и опасных явлений, в том числе для всех 25 рассматриваемых их видов. Выделено 10 типов территорий Тихоокеанской России с различными сочетаниями этих явлений и процессов, дана их обобщенная характеристика.
We examine extreme natural processes and hazardous phenomena which are observed in the Far Eastern region: earthquakes, tsunamis, avalanches, mudflows, cryogenic processes, extreme low temperatures, floods, thunderstorms, fires, snow storms, fogs, water erosion, karst, glaciers, etc. Various territorial combinations of these processes and phenomena have been identified. Spatial coverage of the research is a macroregion which is considered as an aqua-territorial region of Pacific Russia, including the territory and adjacent water areas within the 200-mile maritime exclusive zone. This aqua-territorial macroregion is characterized by active regional environmental management, including the utilization of natural resources of the coastal land and resources of marine waters. However, many extreme natural processes and hazardous phenomena occurring within marine areas have a negative impact on coastal land. An assessment is made of the territorial and aqua-territorial combinations of the extreme natural processes and hazardous phenomena in Pacific Russia. We constructed maps of several versions of zoning according to the difference of combinations of extreme natural processes and hazardous phenomena, including their 25 types. We identified 10 types of territories of Pacific Russia with various combinations of these phenomena and processes, and their generalized characteristics are provided.
Justification of an innovative system for the complete burial of solid, high-level radioactive waste (HLW) in spent open-pit mines
Authors: Kaimov Aidarkhan , Kaiym Talgat , Kaimov Suleimen , Kaimov Abylay , Kanagatova Nazym 
Published: November 2024

The object of research is the spent open-pit mines themselves where the proposed system could be applied. The primary reason for this studying is the following circumstance: up to the present time period, in all countries of the world, no methods of HLW disposal in a storage facility has been identified that is absolutely safe for any length of time, taking into account the impact of catastrophic natural emergencies and man-made emergencies. The research was conducted to address the problem of safely managing and storing HLW, leveraging the unique characteristics of spent open-pit mines, such as their large volume and geological stability, to prevent environmental contamination and ensure long-term safety. In the article has been justified a novel approach to the burial of sarcophagus containers with solid HLW in exhausted mining pits and studied the usabilities of the basalt sarcofagous container. Robust materials and advanced robotic systems proposed in the article aims to address the challenges associated with long-term radioactive waste disposal effectively. The robotic systems transfer the basalt container with HLW, ensuring personnel safety by minimizing human presence near radioactive materials. In the article have been established the distribution of temperature into the multi-layered composite structure of the basalt sarcophagous with HLW from 300 °C into the inner space to 50 °C onto on the its outer suffer where the thickness of each layers (from inner to outer radius) was respectively: for lead matrix: from r1=0.1 m to r2=0.2 m; for clay layer: from r2=0.2 m to r3=0.3 m; for basalt block: from r3=0.3 m to r4=0.4 m. The findings on temperature distribution are crucial as they directly affect the performance and longevity of the basalt containment system
Bulk adhesion of ice to concrete–strength
Authors: Barker Anne , Bruneau Stephen , Colbourne Bruce , Bugden Austin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper presents the results of a laboratory test program designed to investigate the adhesive effects of large-scale (bulk) ice on concrete. Medium-strength concrete cylinders were sawn into discs, and attached to a sample table. Freshwater ice samples, frozen using smaller, standard-sized concrete cylinders, were adhered to the concrete with both varying bond times and added weight during bonding. Shear strength tests were conducted at a set displacement rate, under a number of temperatures. The effect of these variables on the adhesive strength of ice to concrete was examined, as well as whether there was any noticeable removal of concrete cement paste or aggregate during testing. The tests indicate that the adhesive strength is negligible when the method of adhesion is “dry” (no liquid layer at the onset of adhesion). Tests with “wet” adhesion indicated a significantly higher strength. The nominal versus the apparent contact area had significant implications for the determination of the adhesive strength of the bond between the ice and the concrete. Removal of cement paste was evident in a number of tests, however the amount was not significant. The results have relevance for design of structures in a marine environment, such as revetement dams or rubblemound breakwaters, as well as for the standardization of adhesion tests with ice and concrete.