bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design, Synthesis and Anti-tuberculosis Activity of Hydrazones and N-acylhydrazones Containing Vitamin B6 and Different Heteroaromatic Nucleus
Authors: Nogueira Thais Cristina Mendonça , dos Santos Cruz Lucas , Lourenço Maria Cristina , de Souza Marcus Vinicius Nora 
Published: June 2018

Background:
The term vitamin B6 refers to a set of six compounds, pyridoxine,pyridoxal
,and pyridoxamine and their phosphorylated forms, among which pyridoxal 5´-phosphate (PLP) is
the most important and active form acting as a critical cofactor. These compounds are very useful
in medicinal chemistry because of their structure and functionalities and are also used in bioinorganic
chemistry as ligands for complexation with metals.

Methods:
In this study, a series of hydrazones 1a-g and N-acylhydrazones 2a-f containing vitamin
B6 have been synthesized from commercial pyridoxal hydrochloride and the appropriate aromatic or
heteroaromatic hydrazine or N-acylhydrazine. All synthesized compounds have been fully characterized
and tested against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Results:
Among the N-acylhydrazones derivatives 2a-f, 2d (para- pyridine substituted Nacylhydrazone;
MIC = 10.90 µM) exhibited the best activity. The ortho-pyridine derivative 2b exhibited
intermediate activity (MIC = 87.32 µM), and the meta-pyridine derivative 2c was inactive.
In case of the hydrazone series 1a-g, 7-chloroquinoxaline derivative 1f (MIC = 72.72 µM) showed
the best result, indicating that the number of nitrogen and chlorine atoms in the radical moiety play an
important role in the anti-tuberculosis activity of the quinoxaline derivatives (1f and 1g).

Conclusion:
The data reported herein indicates that the isoniazid derivative 2d (MIC = 10.90 µM)
exhibited the best activity in the N-acylhydrazone series and; the quinoxaline nucleus derivative 1f
(MIC = 72.72 µM) was the most active compound in the hydrazone series.
Synthesis, Molecular Modelling and Antibacterial Activity Against Helicobacter pylori of Novel Diflunisal Derivatives as Urease Enzyme Inhibitors
Authors: Coşkun Göknil Pelin , Djikic Teodora , Kalaycı Sadık , Yelekçi Kemal , Şahin Fikrettin , Küçükgüzel Ş. Güniz 
Published: June 2018

Background:The main factor for the prolongation of the ulcer treatment in the gastrointestinal system would be Helicobacter pylori infection, which can possibly lead to gastrointestinal cancer. Triple therapy is the treatment of choice by today&#039;s standards. However, observed resistance among the bacterial strains can make the situation even worse. Therefore, there is a need to discover new targeted antibacterial therapy in order to make success in the eradication of H. pylori infections.Methods:The targeted therapy rule is to identify the related macromolecules that are responsible for the survival of the bacteria. Thus, 2-[(2&#039;,4&#039;-difluoro-4-hydroxybiphenyl-3-yl)carbonyl]-N- (substituted)hydrazinocarbothioamide (3-13) and 5-(2&#039;,4&#039;-difluoro-4-hydroxybiphenyl-3-yl)-4- (substituted)-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones (14-17) were synthesized and evaluated for antibacterial activity in vitro against H. pylori.Results:All of the tested compounds showed remarkable antibacterial activity compared to the standard drugs (Ornidazole, Metronidazole, Nitrimidazin and Clarithromycin). Compounds 4 and 13 showed activity as 2&#181;g/ml MIC value.Conclusion:In addition, we have investigated binding modes and energy of the compounds 4 and 13 on urease enzyme active by using the molecular docking tools.
Pro- to Anti-angiogenic Ratio in Preeclampsia
Authors: Kharb Simmi , Tiwari Radha , Nanda Smiti 
Published: June 2018

Background:
During fetal development, human placenta undergoes both angiogenesis
and vasculogenesis. An imbalance in proangiogenic [placental growth factor (PlGF) and vascular
endothelial growth factor] and antiangiogenic factors [soluble fms like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1),
soluble endoglin (sEng)] seems to play an important role in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia.
Heme oxygenase-1 HO-1 is induced by ROS (reactive oxygen species) and NO (nitric oxide) and
was recently discovered to be involved in angiogenesis.

Methods:
Hence, the present study was designed to analyze the proangiogenic and antiangiogenic
role of heme oxygenase-1 and endoglin in maternal and cord blood of normotensive and preeclamptic
women. Fifty pregnant women were selected and grouped as group 1 (control, n=25) comprising
of normotensive women immediately after delivery; group 2 (study group) comprising of age -and
sex-matched preeclamptic women. Study samples were drawn (maternal venous blood and umbilical
cord blood) and heme oxygenase-1 and endoglin levels were analyzed by competitive enzymelinked
immunosorbent assay.

Results:
Maternal and cord blood heme oxygenase-1 levels were significantly elevated in
preeclamptic mothers as compared to normotensive pregnant women (p<0.001). Serum and cord
blood endoglin levels were significantly lower in preeclamptic women as compared to normotensive
pregnant women (p<0.001). HO-1/Eng ratio was drastically doubled in preeclamptics as compared
to normotensive pregnant women. In normotensive [HO]/ [Eng+ IGF] were lower in normotensive
pregnant and drastically increased in preeclamptics.

Conclusion:
The findings of a present study indicating a shift towards antiangiogenic profile in
women with preeclampsia confirm their possible role to induce characteristic clinical manifestations
of preeclampsia such as proteinuria and hypertension.
Classification of Fish Sauce Origin by Means of Electronic Nose Fingerprint and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry of Volatile Compounds
Authors: Fu Ao , Mei Huanchun , Zhou Hong , Zhao Li , Yuan Meilan , Jiang Yong 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Volatile compounds in fish sauce may vary due to the species of fish, ingredients,
processing period, temperature, and even the preference of people in each area. It is necessary
to study a method of distinguishing the origins of fish sauce. The aims of this paper are to introduce a
method to classification of fish sauce origin by means of electronic nose fingerprint and gas chromatography-
mass spectrometry of volatile compounds and the two artificial neural networks are used to
predict the origins of fish sauce.

Methods:
Headspace sampling-solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass
spectrometric analysis and electronic nose were used to analysze volatile compounds in different origins
of fish sauce, and these dates predicted the origins of fish sauce by artificial neural networks.

Results:
94 volatile compounds were identified by Automatic mass spectral deconvolution and identification
system, out of which 44 are from Guangdong, 53 from our laboratory, 51 from Vietnam, 47
and 45 from Thailand. Then electronic nose was applied to identify the origin of fish sauce, and the
data were analyzed using principal component analysis and load analysis. The fish sauce from different
origin can be classified well on the PCA plot. Lastly, two artificial neural networks are used to
predict the origins of fish sauce, and the accuracy rates of radial basis and gradient descent both are
93.33%.

Conclusion:
That illustrates that we can provide a quick method to distinguish fish sauce products of
different origins. These results indicated that the combinations of multiple analysis and identification
methods could make up the limitations of a single method, enhance the accuracy of identification, and
provide useful information for product development.
A Fluorescent g-C3N4 Nanosensor for Detection of Dichromate Ions
Authors: Shiravand Ghasem , Badiei Alireza , Goldooz Hassan , Karimi Mehdi , Ziarani Ghodsi M. , Faridbod Farnoush , Ganjali Mohammad R. 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Dichromate (Cr2O7
2-) ion is one of the carcinogenic and toxic spices in
environment which can easily contaminate the environment due to its high solubility in water. Therefore,
a lot of attention has been focused on the detection of Cr2O7
2- with high sensitivity and selectivity.

Methods:
In present work, nitrogen-rich precursor was used for synthesizing graphitic carbon nitride
(g-C3N4) nanostructures through hydrothermal oxidation of g-C3N4 nanosheets. The prepared
nanostructures show two distinct fluorescence emissions centered at 368 and 450 nm which are highly
sensitive toward Cr2O7
2- ions.

Results:
The as-prepared g-C3N4 was characterized by several techniques such as Fourier-Transform
Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and
fluorescence emission spectra. The XRD pattern of prepared nanostructures illustrated two diffraction
patterns (at 13.4° and 27.6°) indicating tri-s-tri-azine-based structures. The g-C3N4 exhibited good selectivity
and sensitivity toward Cr2O7
2- among other anions. According to titration test, the detection
limit and stern-volmer constant (Ksv) were calculated as 40 nM and 0.13×106 M-1, respectively. The
investigation of quenching mechanism shows that Cr2O7
2- may form hydrogen bonding with surface
groups of g-C3N4 (such as NH2, OH and COOH) resulted in more fluorescence quenching in comparison
with the pure inner filter effect.

Conclusion:
The g-C3N4 nanostructures were successfully synthesized through the hydrothermal oxidation.
The as-prepared g-C3N4 can be used as a highly sensitive fluorescent probe for the selective
determination of Cr2O7
2 ion among other anions. The quenching mechanism was experimentally studied.
According to reliable responses in real sample tests, it can be proposed that g-C3N4 nanostructure
is a suitable sensitive nanosensor for detection of Cr2O7
2 ions in aqueous media.
Comparison of UV- and Derivative-Spectrophotometric and HPTLC UVDensitometric Methods for the Determination of Amrinone and Milrinone in Bulk Drugs
Authors: Gackowski Marcin , Koba Marcin , Kruszewski Stefan 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Spectrophotometry and thin layer chromatography have been commonly applied
in pharmaceutical analysis for many years due to low cost, simplicity and short time of execution.
Moreover, the latest modifications including automation of those methods have made them very effective
and easy to perform, therefore, the new UV- and derivative spectrophotometry as well as high performance
thin layer chromatography UV-densitometric (HPTLC) methods for the routine estimation of
amrinone and milrinone in pharmaceutical formulation have been developed and compared in this work
since European Pharmacopoeia 9.0 has yet incorporated in an analytical monograph a method for quantification
of those compounds.

Methods:
For the first method the best conditions for quantification were achieved by measuring the
lengths between two extrema (peak-to-peak amplitudes) 252 and 277 nm in UV spectra of standard
solutions of amrinone and a signal at 288 nm of the first derivative spectra of standard solutions of milrinone.
The linearity between D252-277 signal and concentration of amironone and 1D288 signal of milrinone
in the same range of 5.0-25.0 μg ml/ml in DMSO:methanol (1:3 v/v) solutions presents the square
correlation coefficient (r2) of 0,9997 and 0.9991, respectively. The second method was founded on
HPTLC on silica plates, 1,4-dioxane:hexane (100:1.5) as a mobile phase and densitometric scanning at
252 nm for amrinone and at 271 nm for milrinone.

Results:
The assays were linear over the concentration range of 0,25-5.0 μg per spot (r2=0,9959) and
0,25-10.0 μg per spot (r2=0,9970) for amrinone and milrinone, respectively. The mean recoveries percentage
were 99.81 and 100,34 for amrinone as well as 99,58 and 99.46 for milrinone, obtained with
spectrophotometry and HPTLC, respectively.

Conclusion:
The comparison between two elaborated methods leads to the conclusion that UV and
derivative spectrophotometry is more precise and gives better recovery, and that is why it should be
applied for routine estimation of amrinone and milrinone in bulk drug, pharmaceutical forms and for
therapeutic monitoring of the drug.
Voltage Sag Detection in Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Power Plant for Low Voltage Ride-Through Control
Authors: Al-Shetwi Ali Qasem , Sujod Muhamad Zahim 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Due to the high level of photovoltaic power plants (PVPPs) penetration into
power grids, disconnections of these plants during faults are no longer possible as it may cause problems
concerning stability, quality, and operation of the power system. Therefore, new grid codes
have been established with low voltage ride-through (LVRT) capability standard requirements for
grid-connected PVPPs that should be met. Therefore, for an efficient LVRT control, the fast and
precise sag detection strategy is essential for the system to switch from normal operation to LVRT
mode of operation.

Methods:
For this purpose, this paper presents a two automatic fault detection methods which are
RMS-based (d-q) components of grid voltage and positive sequence voltage. These methods were
utilized to determine the beginning and end of a voltage sag and to determine the sag depth to regulate
the required reactive current that should be injected according to the LVRT standard requirements.
The operating method depends on calculating present grid voltage under faults to the nominal
voltage that identifies the sags’ depth and therefore inject the required amount of reactive power accordingly.
Also, a comparison between the two proposed methods regarding response speed and accuracy
was made. The effectiveness of these detection strategies is that it can be integrated into the
voltage source inverter (VSI) without utilizing additional external hardware or software programming.

Results:
The simulation results demonstrated a good precision and how straightforward the proposed
methods’ usage is, proving that the RMS method is faster and more accurate than positive sequence
method.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, it was found that RMS detection algorithm is preferred for a more accurate
and efficient LVRT control.
Um modelo alternativo ao Novo Consenso para economia aberta: evidências para a economia brasileira no período 1999 – 2014
Authors: Summa Ricardo , Santolin Roberto 
Published: June 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar empiricamente a validade de uma explicação teórica alternativa sobre como funciona de fato o SMI no Brasil. Nesse modelo teórico alternativo, a inflação é principalmente de custos (e portanto não é de demanda) e seu controle é feito via variação da taxa de câmbio, que em ultima instancia responde a taxa de juros básica fixada exognamente pelo Banco Central. Utilizaremos um modelo de Autorregressão Vetorial (VAR) para avaliar se os dados da economia brasileira corroboram os canais de transmissão de curto e longo prazo propostos em modelo teórico alternativo. Os resultados do modelo estimado apontam para a importancia do canal de custo da inflação e da política de determinação da taxa de juros para o controle da inflação via mudanças na taxa de câmbio e na inflação importada (em R$).
Measuring Protein Synthesis Rate In Living Object Using Flooding Dose And Constant Infusion Methods
Authors: Ulyarti Ulyarti 
Published: June 2018

Constant infusion is a method used for measuring protein synthesis rate in living object which uses low concentration of amino acid tracers. Flooding dose method is another technique used to measure the rate of protein synthesis which uses labelled amino acid together with large amount of unlabelled amino acid. The latter method was firstly developed to solve the problem in determination of precursor pool arise from constant infusion method. The objective of this writing is to compare the results from several researches on measuring protein synthesis rate using flooding dose and constant infusion methods and to obtain the criteria or prerequisite on the type of sample and tracer for each method. The measurements of protein synthesis rate using both methods are presented and results from both methods are compared. Both methods are eligible for measuring protein synthesis rate as long as the true precursor can be measured. The uncertainties in determining the precursor in constant infusion method and the effect of flooding on the stimulation of protein are the limitation on using the two methods. Bolus injection which imitates the flooding dose method but using smaller dose of tracer can be a good alternative in measuring protein synthesis rate.
The Continuing Evolution of Auditor Reporting in the Broker-Dealer Industry: Issues and Opportunities
Authors: Kowaleski Zachary T. , Cannon Nathan H. , Schnader Anne L. , Bedard Jean C. 
Published: June 2018

SUMMARY
Over the past decade, there have been significant changes to the regulatory environment for broker-dealer (BD) audits, as it shifted from private to public oversight. These changes unfolded in stages, from required PCAOB registration, to interim inspections under long-standing AICPA auditing and attestation standards, to proposal and finalization of new SEC and PCAOB standards, and finally to inspections under PCAOB auditing/attestation standards. This paper summarizes these events and their implications for both the auditing profession and BD audit quality, highlighting progress made, continuing issues, and research opportunities.
The Impact of Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) on Cardiovascular Disease Risk: A Mendelian Randomization Study Using UK Biobank
Authors: Au Yeung Shiu Lun , Luo Shan , Schooling C. Mary 
Published: June 2018

OBJECTIVE
Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is positively associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), although evidence is primarily observational. Mendelian randomization studies have only examined its relation with subtypes of CVD. We examined the relation of HbA1c with CVD and its subtypes in the UK Biobank using Mendelian randomization.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We used 38 genetic variants strongly and independently related to HbA1c (n = 123,665) applied to the UK Biobank (n = 392,038). We used inverse variance weighting (IVW) to obtain the associations of HbA1c with CVD, coronary artery disease (CAD), and stroke (overall and stroke subtypes). Sensitivity analyses included Mendelian randomization (MR)-Egger, a weighted median, and exclusion of potentially invalid single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We also applied the same genetic instruments to CARDIoGRAMplusC4D (Coronary ARtery DIsease Genome wide Replication and Meta-analysis [CARDIoGRAM] plus The Coronary Artery Disease [C4D] Genetics) 1000 Genomes–based genome-wide association study (n = 184,305) as a validation for CAD.

RESULTS
In the UK Biobank, HbA1c was not associated with CVD using IVW (odds ratio [OR] 1.11 per %, 95% CI 0.83–1.48). However, HbA1c was associated with increased CAD risk (OR 1.50 per %, 95% CI 1.08–2.11) with directionally consistent results from MR-Egger and weighted median. The positive association with CAD was more pronounced when we excluded potentially invalid SNPs (OR 2.24 per %, 95% CI 1.55–3.25). The positive association was replicated in CARDIoGRAM (OR 1.52 per %, 95% CI 1.03–2.26). The association of HbA1c with stroke and its subtypes was less clear given the low number of cases.

CONCLUSIONS
HbA1c likely causes CAD. The underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated.
At-home Bleaching With 10% vs More Concentrated Carbamide Peroxide Gels: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: de Geus JL , Wambier LM , Boing TF , Loguercio AD , Reis A 
Published: June 2018

SUMMARYObjective:To perform a systematic review to answer the following research question: Is at-home bleaching in adults with more concentrated carbamide peroxide (CP) gels as effective and safe as bleaching performed with 10% carbamide peroxide gels?Methods and Materials:A comprehensive search was carried out in the MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, BBO, Cochrane Library and SIGLE, without restrictions. IADR abstracts (1990 to 2016) and unpublished and ongoing trial registries, dissertations and theses (ProQuest Dissertations and Periodicos Capes Theses Databases) were also searched. The risk of bias of the included studies was analyzed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool from the Cochrane Collaboration. We meta-analyzed the data using the random effects model to compare 10% CP and more concentrated CP gels in terms of color change (ΔSGU or ΔE) and risk and intensity of tooth sensitivity (TS). The quality of the evidence was rated using the GRADE approach.Results:After the database screening, 182 articles remained, and this number was reduced to 17 after examination of the abstracts and/or full texts. Four articles were follow-ups of earlier studies, and thus we collected 13 studies. Ten studies were at unclear risk of bias, while three were at low risk of bias. Lower risk and intensity of TS was observed for 10% CP. The odds ratio for the risk of TS was 0.41 (95% CI 0.20 to 0.84, p=0.01), and the difference in means for TS intensity was 0.44 (95% CI 0.67 to −0.20, p=0.0003). No significant difference was observed in terms of color change in ΔSGU (difference in means 0.29; 95% CI 0.25 to 0.83, p=0.29) and for ΔE (difference in means −0.16; 95% CI 0.38 to 0.06, p=0.16). Except from the ΔSGU, for which the evidence was graded as low quality, the other outcomes were considered at moderate quality.Conclusions:At-home bleaching with 10% CP showed similar bleaching efficacy with lower risk and intensity of TS in comparison with more concentrated carbamide peroxide gels.
Work Location and Effort of Forensic Pathology Fellows who Completed Training in 2012
Authors: Hanzlick Randy L. 
Published: June 2018

To assist in projecting the future workforce of forensic pathologists, it is helpful to know the job type and forensic pathology work effort of the forensic pathology fellows who are completing their fellowships. In the Spring of 2012, an on-line survey form was created to obtain information about each forensic pathology fellow in the United States who would be completing their fellowships on or about June 30, 2012. Through an email distribution list of Forensic Pathology Training Program Directors maintained by the author, each of the 36 directors of active programs was notified of the survey. Forty-two fellows were to complete training in June, 2012. Twenty-eight of the fellows (65%) were women which is the highest percentage on record. The percentage of women has increased each year since 2008 (41% in 2008, 51% in 2009, 58% in 2010, and 65% in 2011). Among the 42 fellows, 32 (76%) will be practicing FP full-time. Only two (5%) will not be practicing FP at all and will be going into another pathology specialty practice. Another three are yet undetermined as to work location and effort, and the remaining four will be doing ad-ditional pathology training. Of the 32 fellows who will be practicing FP full-time, 25 (78%) will be moving to another location to practice forensic pathology. The remaining seven (22%) will remain in the system where they trained. The current production of approximately 30 full-time, board certified forensic pathologists per year is not enough to meet projected need. Efforts are needed to recruit pathologists into the field and funding is needed to expand forensic pathology training programs.
Sink or Swim: The Advantages of Full Postmortem Examination in Cases of Drowning
Authors: Cobbett Heather , Morrow Paul , Stables Simon R. 
Published: June 2018

Background There is current debate whether full postmortems should be carried out on drowning victims. Objective To document the value of full postmortem examinations of drowning victims. Methods Retrospective data gathered from 42 postmortem reports of drowning cases over a two-year period. Results Forty-two drowning cases were included, 34 of which were adult internal examinations. Excluding fluid analysis, 38.2% of drowning cases were found to have diagnoses other than drowning thought to have contributed significantly to death. This figure rose to 50% when fluid analysis was included in the postmortem examination. Eighty-eight point two percent of adult internal examination cases found incidental diagnoses other than drowning at postmortem. Conclusion There is advantage to routinely conducting full postmortem examinations on suspected drowning cases, including the extraction of fluid samples.