bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transmission channels in the time‐energy uncertainty relation approach to molecular conductance: Symmetry rules for the electron transport in molecules
Authors: Ramos‐Berdullas Nicolás , Gil‐Guerrero Sara , Mandado Marcos 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe concept of transmission channel plays a key role in the theory of molecular conductors. They are usually constructed from one‐electron functions (molecular spin orbitals) in the extensively employed LCAO‐MO method. Thus, the electric conductance can be obtained from the transmission matrix, whose diagonalization leads to a set of transmission eigenchannels. In this work, it is shown how using the time‐energy uncertainty relation approach, the electron transport can be also analysed in terms of coupled transmission channels. Here, the transmission channels are constructed in terms of electron deformation orbitals (EDOs), which in turn arise from linear combinations of occupied and unoccupied one‐electron functions. These transmission channels allow linking the electric conduction in molecular junctions with the traditional interpretation in mesoscopic systems, where the electron transport occurs by promotion of electrons from the valence to the conduction bands. Moreover, they lead to an expression of the electric conductance within the Landauer formalism, with the conductance given by the product of the quantum conductance and a transmission function. Transmission channels of junctions formed by polycyclic aromatic chains attached to gold atoms are analysed in detail. Symmetry rules for the MOs involved in these channels are established, giving rise to a straightforward method for the analysis of the transport ability in molecular systems.
Relevance and relational responsibility in justice‐oriented science education research
Authors: Tolbert Sara , Schindel Alexa , Rodriguez Alberto J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this article, we critically examine what a commitment to equity, diversity, and social justice in science and science education means for our research practices and methods. Using a blend of critical cross‐cultural and feminist lenses, we explore relationships of power in our research, specifically in terms of knowledge production, representation, and positionality. We also consider our ethical obligations and relational responsibilities as researchers in terms of caring and solidarity. We argue that relevance should be measured as a function of the transformative impact of the research enterprise. We also argue that to do this, researchers need to examine and expose their own positioning and positionality. We propose a variety of strategies, drawn from our work and from that of many others, which illustrate how to build and sustain more caring, ethical, responsive, and responsible relationships with research participants.
Aminomethylanthracene Dyes as High‐Ionic‐Strength DNA‐Photocleaving Agents: Two Rings are Better than One
Authors: Safiarian Mohammad S. , Sawoo Sudeshna , Mapp Carla T. , Williams Dominique E. , Gude Lourdes , Fernández María‐José , Lorente Antonio , Grant Kathryn B. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis paper compares the DNA interactions of a bis 9‐aminomethylanthracene dye (2) vs. a mono‐anthracene (4) under high ionic strength conditions similar to those in the cell nucleus (∼150 mM NaCl and 260 mM KCl). The chloride salts triggered an enhancement in anthracene‐sensitized DNA photocleavage, where bis‐anthracene 2 exhibited superior DNA binding affinity, faster reaction kinetics, and higher levels of DNA damage at low‐ to sub‐micro molar dye concentrations (350 nm hν, pH 7.0). While spectroscopic and viscometric data suggested that the chloride salts reduced DNA intercalation in favor of a non‐intercalative binding mode in which 2 and 4 were better able to generate hydroxyl radicals, there was evidence of persistent intercalation of the second anthracene ring of 2. We propose that such an interaction anchored the bis‐anthracene to DNA under the high ionic strength conditions, increasing its binding affinity and photocleaving capabilities relative to the mono analog (4).
Planung und Fertigung des Starttisches und des Versorgungsmastes für die Ariane 6
Authors: Nicolay Thorsten , Kühnemund Frank , Moses Frank , Brössel Holger 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHerrn Prof. Dr.‐Ing Jörg Lange zur Vollendung seines 60. Lebensjahres gewidmetFür die neue europäische Trägerrakete Ariane 6 wird auf dem Weltraumbahnhof Kourou in Französisch‐Guyana eine neue Startanlage gebaut. Zentrale Bauwerke der Startanlage werden der Starttisch und der Versorgungsmast für die Rakete sein. Der Starttisch dient als Plattform für die Rakete, muss die Belastung aus dem Start abtragen und beinhaltet umfangreiche technische Ausstattung. Der Mast ist bis zum Start für die Versorgung der Rakete verantwortlich und ebenfalls mit umfangreichen Überwachungsgeräten ausgestattet. Beide Bauwerke sind komplexe Stahlkonstruktionen. Nachfolgend wird auf die Planung sowie die Fertigung dieser beiden Konstruktionen eingegangen und die einzelnen Bauteile werden detailliert beschrieben.
Zum Stabilitätsnachweis von Stahlbauteilen aus einfach‐ und doppeltsymmetrischen I‐Querschnitten unter Biegung, Druck und Torsion
Authors: Winkler Rebekka , Walter Adrian , Knobloch Markus 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHerrn Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Jörg Lange zur Vollendung seines 60. Lebensjahres gewidmetDas vereinfachte Nachweisverfahren mit Abminderungsfaktoren wird für die Bemessung von Stahlbauteilen trotz zunehmender Computerunterstützung und Verwendung numerischer Verfahren weiterhin angewendet. Die Interaktionsgleichungen der EN 1993‐1‐1 gelten für Bauteile mit doppeltsymmetrischen I‐ und H‐Querschnitten sowie Hohlprofilen und schließen den Fall der planmäßigen Torsion bisher aus. Eine Erweiterung des Nachweisverfahrens auf einfachsymmetrische Querschnitte und planmäßige Torsion wird gegenwärtig im Rahmen der Überarbeitung und Weiterentwicklung des Eurocodes 3 evaluiert. Der vorliegende Beitrag berichtet über numerische Simulationen zum Tragverhalten einfach‐ und doppeltsymmetrischer I‐/H‐Querschnitte unter Druck, Biegung und Torsion sowie die Ableitung eines vereinfachten Nachweisverfahrens mit Abminderungsfaktoren und dessen Hintergründe. Er leistet somit einen Beitrag zur aktuellen Diskussion.
A unified linear theory of rotating hydromagnetic flow between two parallel infinite plates subject to imposition of axial velocity
Authors: Badeti Satyanarayana , Vempaty Somaraju , Suripeddi Srinivas 
Published: May 2018

AbstractUniformly valid solutions for a linear, steady, axisymmetric, hydromagnetic flow confined between two electrically insulated, infinite, differentially rotating plates subject to constant axial velocity of fluid through injection at bottom plate and an equal suction at the top plate are presented. The applied magnetic field is in the direction of the rotation vector . The dynamics change depending on the parameter ranges defined by the three nondimensional parameters, the Ekman number, the Elsasser number and the injection Rossby number. There are broadly four parameter ranges and the transition from one dynamics to the other is explained by a critical study of the flow in the hitherto unexplored transition parameter range . It is found that the dynamics of the flow change even for in the presence of the imposed axial velocity. The viscous Ekman‐Hartmann layer at the bottom boundary blown up by the injection of the fluid and it transforms into a new inviscid resistive boundary layer of thickness . The suction layer at the top boundary characterized by a force balance between viscous and inertial forces has a thickness . In the interior, the meridional circulations of mass flux as well as electric current flux have dependent structure for . For , the electric current circulation loses its dependent structure while the mass flux circulation continues to retain its dependent structure until . The interior spins up to the azimuthal velocity on the bottom plate in a time which happens to be less than the hydrodynamic and hydromagnetic spin‐up time.
Health Care Providers in War and Armed Conflict: Operational and Educational Challenges in International Humanitarian Law and the Geneva Conventions, Part II. Educational and Training Initiatives
Authors: Burkle Frederick M. , Kushner Adam L. , Giannou Christos , Paterson Mary A. , Wren Sherry M. , Burnham Gilbert 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTNo discipline has been impacted more by war and armed conflict than health care has. Health systems and health care providers are often the first victims, suffering increasingly heinous acts that cripple the essential health delivery and public health infrastructure necessary for the protection of civilian and military victims of the state at war. This commentary argues that current instructional opportunities to prepare health care providers fall short in both content and preparation, especially in those operational skill sets necessary to manage multiple challenges, threats, and violations under international humanitarian law and to perform triage management in a resource-poor medical setting. Utilizing a historical framework, the commentary addresses the transformation of the education and training of humanitarian health professionals from the Cold War to today followed by recommendations for the future. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:383-396)
Relocating anti-racist science: the 1950 UNESCO Statement on Race and economic development in the global South
Authors: GIL-RIAÑO SEBASTIÁN 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis essay revisits the drafting of the first UNESCO Statement on Race (1950) in order to reorient historical understandings of mid-twentieth-century anti-racism and science. Historians of science have primarily interpreted the UNESCO statements as an oppositional project led by anti-racist scientists from the North Atlantic and concerned with dismantling racial typologies, replacing them with population-based conceptions of human variation. Instead of focusing on what anti-racist scientists opposed, this article highlights the futures they imagined and the applied social-science projects that anti-racist science drew from and facilitated. The scientific experts who participated in drafting the first UNESCO Statement on Race played important roles in late colonial, post-colonial and international projects designed to modernize, assimilate and improve so-called backward communities – typically indigenous or Afro-descendent groups in the global South. Such connections between anti-racist science and the developmental imaginaries of the late colonial period indicate that the transition from fixed racial typologies to sociocultural and psychological conceptualizations of human diversity legitimated the flourishing of modernization discourses in the Cold War era. In this transition to an economic-development paradigm, ‘race’ did not vanish so much as fragment into a series of finely tuned and ostensibly anti-racist conceptions that offered a moral incentive for scientific elites to intervene in the ways of life of those deemed primitive.
INCREASED CARBON LOSS VIA ROOT RESPIRATION AND IMPAIRED ROOT MORPHOLOGY UNDER FREE-AIR OZONE ENRICHMENT ADVERSELY AFFECT RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) PRODUCTION
Authors: KOU T. J. , LAI L. K. , LAM S. K. , CHEN D. , HE J. 
Published: May 2018

SUMMARYThe increasing tropospheric ozone concentration [O3] strongly affects plant growth. However, the response of belowground processes in rice (Oryza sativa L.) systems to higher O3 is not well understood. The grain production, belowground biomass partitioning, root morphology and activity of rice (cv. Shanyou 63) were investigated in a free-air O3 enrichment platform at four key growth stages. Elevated O3 (EO3, 50% above the ambient O3) significantly decreased the grain yield and total biomass at the grain milky mature stage, root biomass at the tillering stage and root to shoot ratios (RRS) at the flowering and grain filling stages. The effects of EO3 on root morphology and activity varied among rice growth stage. EO3 significantly decreased root length, density, area, diameter and volume at the flowering stage, but EO3 significantly decreased various root morphological indices at the tillering, grain filling and milky mature stages. EO3 significantly increased the specific root respiration rate (root activity) and root respiration rate (autotrophic respiration) at grain filling and milky mature stages. Higher root autotrophic respiration and lower RRS in response to EO3 would reduce allocation of assimilated carbon to root growth, adversely affecting rice productivity. Our findings are critical for understanding the O3-induced impairment of belowground processes and carbon cycling in rice cropping systems and breeding of O3-tolerant cultivars under higher [O3] scenarios.
The Spotlight's Harsh Glare: Rethinking Publicity and International Order
Authors: Carnegie Allison , Carson Austin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHow does publicizing states' illicit activities affect the stability of international order? What does this relationship tell us about how governments react to violations of international rules? In contrast to the conventional wisdom that transparent monitoring strengthens the normative legal order, we argue that these activities often undermine it. We develop two mechanisms through which this occurs: by raising the known rate of noncompliance, and by sharpening the threat that deviance poses to other states. We argue that when enforcers understand the dangers of publicizing transgressions, they do so selectively. Focusing on the nuclear nonproliferation domain, we demonstrate that these concerns shaped American decisions to reveal or obfuscate other states' efforts to obtain nuclear weapons. We formalize this argument and then empirically test the model's predictions using in-depth case study analyses. We find that the US failed to disclose infractions when this publicity would have undermined the rules through the two mechanisms we identify. However, while concealing violations can prevent proliferation in response to specific nuclear programs, it can also create potential dangers to a regime's overall health and stability. In addition to reassessing a widely shared assumption about the value of transparent monitoring, this article's broad theoretical framework can shed light on enforcement and compliance dynamics in a variety of international settings.
Molecular characterization ofToxocaraspp. eggs isolated from public parks and playgrounds in Shiraz, Iran
Authors: Choobineh M. , Mikaeili F. , Sadjjadi S.M. , Ebrahimi S. , Iranmanesh S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHuman toxocariasis, a worldwide parasitic disease, is caused by the larval stage of intestinal nematodes of dogs and cats, namelyToxocara canisandToxocara cati.Human infection occurs by the accidental ingestion of embryonated eggs present in the soil, vegetables or on other contaminated surfaces, as well as via consumption of uncooked paratenic hosts, such as bird meat and giblets. The objective of this study was to evaluate the contamination of soil in public parks and playgrounds in Shiraz using microscopy and molecular methods. A total of 150 soil samples were collected from public parks and playgrounds in various areas of Shiraz, southern Iran. The samples were treated with saturated zinc sulphate solution, andToxocaraspp. eggs were detected by microscopic observation followed by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To differentiateT. canisandT. catieggs from each other, PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-rDNA region bySalI endonuclease enzyme was used. PCR-sequencing was performed to confirm the results of the PCR-RFLP method. Based on the flotation results of the 150 soil samples, six (4%) were found to be positive forToxocaraspp. eggs, whereas nested-PCR showed 24 samples to be positive (16%). Based on the PCR-RFLP method and the sequence of the ITS-rDNA region, a total of 23 out of 24 isolates were confirmed asT. catiand one out of 24 asT. canis. The results showed a higher number of soil samples to be positive forToxocaraby the molecular method than microscopy, and higherT. catiinfection in soil samples, which could have an important role in human infection with toxocariasis in this region.
Can universal access be achieved in a voluntary private health insurance market? Dutch private insurers caught between competing logics
Authors: Vonk Robert A. A. , Schut Frederik T. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFor almost a century, the Netherlands was marked by a large market for voluntary private health insurance alongside state-regulated social health insurance. Throughout this period, private health insurers tried to safeguard their position within an expanding welfare state. From an institutional logics perspective, we analyze how private health insurers tried to reconcile the tension between a competitive insurance market pressuring for selective underwriting and actuarially fair premiums (the insurance logic), and an upcoming welfare state pressuring for universal access and socially fair premiums (the welfare state logic). Based on primary sources and the extant historiography, we distinguish six periods in which the balance between both logics changed significantly. We identify various strategies employed by private insurers to reconcile the competing logics. Some of these were temporarily successful, but required measures that were incompatible with the idea of free entrepreneurship and consumer choice. We conclude that universal access can only be achieved in a competitive individual private health insurance market if this market is effectively regulated and mandatory cross-subsidies are effectively enforced. The Dutch case demonstrates that achieving universal access in a competitive private health insurance market is institutionally complex and requires broad political and societal support.
A 219–266 GHz LO-tunable direct-conversion IQ receiver module in a SiGe HBT technology
Authors: Rodriguez Vazquez P. , Grzyb J. , Sarmah N. , Heinemann B. , Pfeiffer U.R. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis paper presents a fully-integrated direct-conversion fundamentally-operated mixer-first quadrature receiver module with a tunable LO in the 219–266 GHz band. It has been implemented in a 0.13-μm SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistor technology. It includes an on-chip LO path driven externally from the printed circuit board (PCB) connector level at 13.6–16.7 GHz. A hybrid coupler generates the quadrature LO signal, which drives a pair of double-balanced fundamentally-operated down-conversion mixers, whose RF ports are connected to a wideband lens-integrated on-chip ring antenna. The chip-on-lens assembly is placed in the recess of a high-speed PCB and wire-bonded. To compensate the inductive behavior of the wire-bond interconnection between the chip and the PCB at the high-speed IF outputs, an on-board 8-section step-impedance low-pass filter has been implemented. The module shows a 47 GHz 3-dB radio frequency/local oscillator operation bandwidth (BW), a peak conversion gain of 7.8 dB, a single-side-band noise figure of 11.3 dB, and a 3-dB IF BW of 13 GHz. The in-phase and quadrature amplitude imbalance stays below 1.58 dB for the 210–280 GHz band. The down-conversion and the baseband stages consume together 75.5 mW, while the LO path 378 mW. The maximum data-rate achieved with this receiver in combination with the transmitter presented in [1–3] is 60 Gbps for quadrature phase shift keying modulation.
Does Inequality Beget Inequality? Experimental Tests of the Prediction that Inequality Increases System Justification Motivation
Authors: Trump Kris-Stella , White Ariel 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPast research shows that growing inequality often does not result in citizen demands for redistribution. We examine one mechanism that could explain why people do not protest growing inequality: a particular sub-prediction of system justification theory (SJT). SJT argues that humans have a psychological need to justify their social system. The specific sub-prediction of SJT tested here is the idea that inequality itself increases system justification. This could yield a negative feedback loop in which political responses to inequality grows ever less likely as inequality grows more extreme. Previous research on this hypothesis relied on cross-sectional survey data and provided mixed results. We take an experimental approach and ask whether exposure to economic inequality makes people more likely to defend the system. In one main study and two replications with varying samples, experimental treatments, and outcome measures, we find no evidence that information about economic inequality increases system justification motivation.
Transport Variability of Very Short Lived Substances From the West Indian Ocean to the Stratosphere
Authors: Fiehn Alina , Quack Birgit , Marandino Christa A. , Krüger Kirstin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHalogen‐ and sulfur‐containing compounds are supersaturated in the surface ocean, which results in their emission to the atmosphere. These compounds can be transported to the stratosphere, where they impact ozone, the background aerosol layer, and climate. In this study we calculate the seasonal and interannual variability of transport from the West Indian Ocean (WIO) surface to the stratosphere for 2000–2016 with the Lagrangian transport model FLEXPART using ERA‐Interim meteorological fields. We investigate the transport relevant for very short lived substances (VSLS) with tropospheric lifetimes corresponding to dimethylsulfide (1 day), methyl iodide (CH3I, 3.5 days), bromoform (CHBr3, 17 days), and dibromomethane (CH2Br2, 150 days). The stratospheric source gas injection of VSLS tracers from the WIO shows a distinct annual cycle associated with the Asian monsoon. Over the 16‐year time series, a slight increase in source gas injection from the WIO to the stratosphere is found for all VSLS tracers and during all seasons. The interannual variability shows a relationship with sea surface temperatures in the WIO as well as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation. During boreal spring of El Niño, enhanced stratospheric injection of VSLS from the tropical WIO is caused by positive sea surface temperature anomalies and enhanced vertical uplift above the WIO. During boreal fall of La Niña, strong injection is related to enhanced atmospheric upward motion over the East Indian Ocean and a prolonged Indian summer monsoon season. Related physical mechanisms and uncertainties are discussed in this study.