bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐invasive coronary CT angiography‐derived fractional flow reserve: A benchmark study comparing the diagnostic performance of four different computational methodologies
Authors: Carson Jason Matthew , Pant Sanjay , Roobottom Carl , Alcock Robin , Javier Blanco Pablo , Alberto Bulant Carlos , Vassilevski Yuri , Simakov Sergey , Gamilov Timur , Pryamonosov Roman , Liang Fuyou , Ge Xinyang , Liu Yue , Nithiarasu Perumal 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNon‐invasive coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography‐derived fractional flow reserve (cFFR) is an emergent approach to determine the functional relevance of obstructive coronary lesions. Its feasibility and diagnostic performance has been reported in several studies. It is unclear if differences in sensitivity and specificity between these studies are due to study design, population, or "computational methodology." We evaluate the diagnostic performance of four different computational workflows for the prediction of cFFR using a limited data set of 10 patients, three based on reduced‐order modelling and one based on a 3D rigid‐wall model. The results for three of these methodologies yield similar accuracy of 6.5% to 10.5% mean absolute difference between computed and measured FFR. The main aspects of modelling which affected cFFR estimation were choice of inlet and outlet boundary conditions and estimation of flow distribution in the coronary network.One of the reduced‐order models showed the lowest overall deviation from the clinical FFR measurements, indicating that reduced‐order models are capable of a similar level of accuracy to a 3D model. In addition, this reduced‐order model did not include a lumped pressure‐drop model for a stenosis, which implies that the additional effort of isolating a stenosis and inserting a pressure‐drop element in the spatial mesh may not be required for FFR estimation.The present benchmark study is the first of this kind, in which we attempt to homogenize the data required to compute FFR using mathematical models. The clinical data utilised in the cFFR workflows are made publicly available online.
Methane Chemisorption on Oxide‐Supported Pt Single Atom
Authors: Fung Victor , Hu Guoxiang , Tao Franklin (Feng) , Jiang De‐en 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMethane chemisorption has been recently demonstrated on the rutile IrO2(110) surface. However, it remains unclear how the general requirements are for methane chemisorption or complexation with a single atom on an oxide surface. By exploring methane adsorption on Pt1 substitutionally doped on many rutile‐type oxides using hybrid density functional theory, we show that the occupancy of the Pt dz2 orbital is the key to methane chemisorption. Pt single atom on the semiconducting or wide‐gap oxides such as TiO2 and GeO2 strongly chemisorbs methane, because the empty Pt dz2 orbital is located in the gap and can effectively accept σ‐electron donation from the methane C−H bond. In contrast, Pt single atom on metallic oxides such as IrO2 and RuO2 does not chemisorb methane, because the Pt dz2 orbital strongly mixes with the support‐oxide electronic states and become more occupied, losing its ability to chemisorb methane. This study sheds further light on the impact of the interaction between a Pt single atom and the oxide support on methane adsorption.
Concomitant Intake of Coca‐Cola to Manage the Drug–Drug Interaction Between Velpatasvir and Omeprazole Studied in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: van Seyen Minou , Colbers Angela , Abbink Evertine J. , Drenth Joost P.H. , Burger David M. 
Published: July 2019

We aimed to evaluate the effect of the acid beverage Coca‐Cola on the pharmacokinetics of velpatasvir (VEL) when given with omeprazole. This was an open‐label, randomized, crossover trial in 11 healthy adults. A single dose of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (SOF/VEL) 400/100 mg was administered alone (reference) or with omeprazole 40 mg once daily with water (intervention I); in the intervention II arm, omeprazole 40 mg was combined with 250 mL of Coca‐Cola. Geometric mean ratios (GMRs) were calculated for VEL area under the concentration‐time curve from zero to infinity (AUC0−inf) and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax). VEL exposure was reduced by 26.7% when SOF/VEL was coadministered with omeprazole vs. reference: GMRs (90% confidence interval (CI)) were 73.3% (55.6–96.8) and 69.1% (52.3–91.2) for AUC0‐inf and Cmax, respectively. Intake of SOF/VEL with Coca‐Cola compensated for the interaction with omeprazole and resulted in a higher VEL exposure. GMRs (90% CI) were 161.6% (122.4–213.3) for AUC0‐inf and 143.9% (109.0–190.0) for Cmax. Therefore, Coca‐Cola can be used to overcome the drug–drug interaction between VEL and omeprazole.
First‐mover advantages in green innovation—Opportunities and threats for financial performance: A longitudinal analysis
Authors: Przychodzen Wojciech , Leyva‐de la Hiz Dante I. , Przychodzen Justyna 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAlthough the analysis of the relation between green innovative activism and financial performance is a popular topic, the existing literature has rarely addressed the tangible benefits that companies may enjoy if they engage in green innovations more than their competitors. This study tries to fill the above gap on the basis of an empirical analysis of a panel data set of the Standard & Poor's 500 companies over the years 1999–2016. We find that high green innovative activism, measured by patent data, only harms current financial performance when not carried out in conjunction with other types of innovative activism. In addition, we find that being the most active in green innovation in absolute terms results in significant positive lagged gains in stock market valuations. However, too much concentration on green innovation relative to other types of innovative activism has a negative influence on both accounting and stock market performance.
Endoscopic ultrasound guided fine‐needle aspiration vs core needle biopsy for solid pancreatic lesions: Comparison of diagnostic accuracy and procedural efficiency
Authors: Syed Aslam , Babich Olivia , Rao Bharat , Singh Shailendra , Carleton Neil , Gulati Abhishek , Kulkarni Archana , Garg Mrinal , Farah Katie , Kochhar Gursimran , Morrissey Suzanne , Mitre Marcia , Kulkarni Abhijit , Dhawan Manish , Silverman Jan F. , Pharaon Majed , Thakkar Shyam 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundEndoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guided core needle biopsies (CNB) are increasingly being performed to diagnose solid pancreatic lesions. However, studies have been conflicting in terms of CNB improving diagnostic accuracy and procedural efficiency vs fine‐needle aspiration (FNA), which this study aims to elucidate.MethodsData were prospectively collected on consecutive patients with solid pancreatic or peripancreatic lesions at a single tertiary care center from November 2015 to November 2016 that underwent either FNA or CNB. Patient demographics, characteristics of lesions, diagnostic accuracy, final and follow‐up pathology, use of rapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE), complications, and procedure variables were obtained.ResultsA total of 75 FNA and 48 CNB were performed; of these, 13 patients had both. Mean passes were lower with CNB compared to FNA (2.4 vs 2.9, P = .02). Use of ROSE was higher for FNA (97.3% vs 68.1%, P = .001). Mean procedure time was shorter with CNB (34.1 minutes vs 51.2 minutes, P = .02) and diagnostic accuracy was similar (89.2% vs 89.4%, P = .98). There was no difference in diagnostic accuracy when ROSE was performed for CNB vs not performed (93.5% vs 85.7%, P = .58). Additionally, diagnostic accuracy of combined FNA and CNB procedures was 92.3%, which was comparable to FNA (P = .73) or CNB (P = .52) alone.ConclusionFNA and CNB had comparable safety and diagnostic accuracy. Use of CNB resulted in less number of passes and shorter procedure time as compared to FNA. Moreover, diagnostic accuracy for CNB with or without ROSE was similar.
Expression of Concern: Preventive effect of nerolidol on isoproterenol induced myocardial damage in Wistar rats: Evidences from biochemical and histopathological studies
Authors: Asaikumar Loordhurani , Vennila Lakshmanan , Akila Palaniyandi , Sivasangari Subramanian , Kanimozhi Kaliyamoorthi , Premalatha Vengatesan , Sindhu Ganapathi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe present study aimed at investigating the protective effects of nerolidol (NRD) against myocardial infarction (MI) induced by isoproterenol (ISO) in Wistar rats. The rats were randomly divided into five groups, each group consisting of six rats. Group I were treated as control rats, group II received NRD (200 mg/kg b.w.) by intragastric intubation for 21 days, group III received ISO (60 mg/kg b.w) subcutaneously (s.c) for two consecutive days on 22nd and 23rd day, group IV and V received NRD (100 and 200 mg/kg b.w) as in group II and additionally ISO was given for two consecutive days (22nd and 23rd). On 24th day all the rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and the blood and heart samples were collected. In the present study, ISO‐induced myocardial damage was indicated by the changes in body weight, heart weight and the cardiac and hepatic marker enzymes such as creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase‐MB (CK‐MB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and troponin T and I (cTnT, cTnI) in the serum. In addition, the levels of lipid peroxidation products such as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), conjugated dines (CD), and lipid hydroperoxides (LHPs) increased significantly in the plasma and heart tissue. Activities of enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST) in erythrocytes and heart tissue and the levels of nonenzymatic antioxidants like vitamin C, vitamin E, and reduced glutathione (GSH) in plasma and heart tissue were decreased in ISO‐induced rats. Histopathological observations were also supported with the biochemical parameters. Pretreatment with NRD at different doses (100 and 200 mg/kg b.w) for 21 days prevented the above changes induced by ISO. The 200 mg/kg b.w of NRD was more pronounced than the other dose and brought back all the above parameters near to normalcy.
Evolution of the intermuscular bones in the Cyprinidae (Pisces) from a phylogenetic perspective
Authors: Yang Kunfeng , Jiang Wansheng , Wang Xiaoai , Zhang Yuanwei , Pan Xiaofu , Yang Junxing 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntermuscular bones (IBs) are widely present in morphologically generalized teleost fishes and are commonly found in the Cyprinidae. Intermuscular bones are small, hard spicules of bone that are formed by ossification in the myosepta between neighboring myomeres. Why fish have IBs, and whether there is any evolutionary pattern to their occurrence, has been poorly understood. However, the presence of IBs does substantially affect the meat quality and commercial values of many cyprinid fishes in aquaculture. In this study, we sampled 592 individuals of cyprinid fishes to systematically investigate the evolution of IBs from a phylogenetic point of view. We found that the total number of IBs in the Cyprinidae ranged from 73 to 169, and we clarified that only two categories of IBs (epineural and epipleural) were present in all examined cyprinids. Most of the IBs were distributed in the posterior region of the fish, which might be an optimal target for selecting fewer IB strains in aquaculture. There was a positive correlation between IBs and the number of vertebrae, thus making it possible to predict the approximate number of IBs by counting the number of vertebrae. Although the IBs displayed some correlation with phylogenetic relationships in some lineages and to ecological factors such as diet (especially carnivore), in an overall view the variations of IBs in cyprinids were extremely diverse. The number and patterns of IBs in these fishes may reflect their phylogenetic history, but have been shaped by multiple environment factors. In this study, we also confirmed that X‐ray photography remains an optimal and reliable method for the study of IBs.
Linking demographic and food‐web models to understand management trade‐offs
Authors: Kadin Martina , Frederiksen Morten , Niiranen Susa , Converse Sarah J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAlternatives in ecosystem‐based management often differ with respect to trade‐offs between ecosystem values. Ecosystem or food‐web models and demographic models are typically employed to evaluate alternatives, but the approaches are rarely integrated to uncover conflicts between values. We applied multistate models to a capture–recapture dataset on common guillemots Uria aalge breeding in the Baltic Sea to identify factors influencing survival. The estimated relationships were employed together with Ecopath‐with‐Ecosim food‐web model simulations to project guillemot survival under six future scenarios incorporating climate change. The scenarios were based on management alternatives for eutrophication and cod fisheries, issues considered top priority for regional management, but without known direct effects on the guillemot population. Our demographic models identified prey quantity (abundance and biomass of sprat Sprattus sprattus) as the main factor influencing guillemot survival. Most scenarios resulted in projections of increased survival, in the near (2016–2040) and distant (2060–2085) future. However, in the scenario of reduced nutrient input and precautionary cod fishing, guillemot survival was projected to be lower in both future periods due to lower sprat stocks. Matrix population models suggested a substantial decline of the guillemot population in the near future, 24% per 10 years, and a smaller reduction, 1.1% per 10 years, in the distant future. To date, many stakeholders and Baltic Sea governments have supported reduced nutrient input and precautionary cod fishing and implementation is underway. Negative effects on nonfocal species have previously not been uncovered, but our results show that the scenario is likely to negatively impact the guillemot population. Linking model results allowed identifying trade‐offs associated with management alternatives. This information is critical to thorough evaluation by decision‐makers, but not easily obtained by food‐web models or demographic models in isolation. Appropriate datasets are often available, making it feasible to apply a linked approach for better‐informed decisions in ecosystem‐based management.
Soil texture and precipitation seasonality influence plant community structure in North American temperate shrub steppe
Authors: Renne Rachel R. , Bradford John B. , Burke Ingrid C. , Lauenroth William K. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn drylands, the coexistence of grasses and woody plants has been attributed to soil‐water resource partitioning. Soil texture and precipitation seasonality can influence the amount and distribution of water in the soil, and their interaction may play an important role in determining the relative importance of grasses and woody plants. We investigated the influence of this interaction on plant functional types across a broad range of precipitation regimes and soil textures in western North America by analyzing plant‐cover data collected at 2,084 plots that included the widespread shrub big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.). We characterized how the significance of the inverse‐texture effect varies across soil conditions by quantifying relationships between precipitation and foliar cover on finer‐ vs. coarser‐textured soils across a range of potential texture divisions represented by sand content. We found evidence of the inverse‐texture effect for every plant functional type (except for cheatgrass) that we examined with at least one component of precipitation (annual, warm, or cold season), and provide the first evidence for this effect in locations with cold‐season‐dominated precipitation regimes. The texture and precipitation combinations that exhibited the inverse‐texture effect varied with plant functional type, presumably because of effects of soil texture on water availability at different soil depths with season. Furthermore, we found an inverse‐texture effect that was remarkably similar for shrub cover with cold‐season precipitation and grass cover with warm‐season precipitation. These results provide new insight into how the inverse‐texture effect interacts with precipitation seasonality to influence plant functional type composition in drylands, and further suggest that quantifying the soil‐texture division at which the inverse‐texture effect is relevant under a given set of environmental conditions may provide support for the effect across dryland plant communities.
Thin‐fibre receptors expressing acid‐sensing ion channel 3 contribute to muscular mechanical hypersensitivity after exercise
Authors: Matsubara Takanori , Hayashi Koei , Wakatsuki Koji , Abe Masahiro , Ozaki Noriyuki , Yamanaka Akihiro , Mizumura Kazue , Taguchi Toru 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundDelayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is characterized by mechanical hyperalgesia after lengthening contractions (LC). It is relatively common and causes disturbance for many people who require continuous exercise, yet its molecular and peripheral neural mechanisms are poorly understood.MethodsWe examined whether muscular myelinated Aδ‐fibres, in addition to unmyelinated C‐fibres, are involved in LC‐induced mechanical hypersensitivity, and whether acid‐sensing ion channel (ASIC)‐3 expressed in thin‐fibre afferents contributes to this type of pain using a rat model of DOMS. The peripheral contribution of ASIC3 was investigated using single‐fibre electrophysiological recordings in extensor digitorum longus muscle‐peroneal nerve preparations in vitro.ResultsBehavioural tests demonstrated a significant decrease of the muscular mechanical withdrawal threshold following LC to ankle extensor muscles, and it was improved by intramuscular injection of APETx2 (2.2 μM), a selective blocker of ASIC3. The lower concentration of APETx2 (0.22 µM) and its vehicle had no effect on the threshold. Intramuscular injection of APETx2 (2.2 μM) in naïve rats without LC did not affect the withdrawal threshold. In the ankle extensor muscles that underwent LC one day before the electrophysiological recordings, the mechanical response of Aδ‐ and C‐fibres was significantly facilitated (i.e. decreased response threshold and increased magnitude of the response). The facilitated mechanical response of the Aδ‐ and C‐fibres was significantly suppressed by selective blockade of ASIC3 with APETx2, but not by its vehicle.ConclusionsThese results clearly indicate that ASIC3 contributes to the augmented mechanical response of muscle thin‐fibre receptors in delayed onset muscular mechanical hypersensitivity after LC.SignificanceHere, we show that not only C‐ but also Aδ‐fibre nociceptors in the muscle are involved in mechanical hypersensitivity after lengthening contractions, and that acid‐sensing ion channel (ASIC)‐3 expressed in the thin‐fibre nociceptors is responsible for the mechanical hypersensitivity. ASIC3 might be a novel pharmacological target for pain after exercise.
Nerve growth factor‐induced muscle hyperalgesia facilitates ischaemic contraction‐evoked pain
Authors: Sørensen Line Bay , Gazerani Parisa , Graven‐Nielsen Thomas 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundIntramuscular injection of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) may influence the responsiveness of active chemo‐sensitive channels affecting muscle pain sensitivity. This double‐blinded crossover study in healthy humans assessed contraction‐evoked pain responses and pain sensitivity during acute ischaemia in the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle before and 24 hr after five distributed NGF injections (1 µg, 4 cm interval) compared with control injections (isotonic‐saline).MethodsTwenty‐one subjects participated in two experimental phases, each including five sessions over 7 days, with a gap of 4 weeks in‐between. Muscle pain intensity evoked with daily functional tasks (Likert scale score) was collected using a paper diary. Pain intensity evoked by ischaemic and non‐ischaemic contractions numerical rating scale (NRS) was collected at Day0 and Day1. Pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) on the TA were recorded before (Day0), 3 hr, 1, 3, and 7 days post‐injection, and after the ischaemic‐contractions and post‐cuff deflation at Day0 and Day1.ResultsIncreased Likert scores of pain were present for 7 days after NGF compared to control injections (p < .05). Higher NRS pain scores of ischaemic‐contractions were seen when contracting the muscle injected with NGF compared to baseline (p = .003) and control (p = .012). Pain during non‐ischaemic contractions was not significantly affected by NGF injections. Decreased PPTs were found at 3 hr, Day1 and Day3 post‐injection (p < .05) in both conditions. Compared with pre‐contractions, PPTs were increased following ischaemic contractions at Day0 (p < .05) and Day1 (p < .05) in both conditions.ConclusionThis study showed that ischaemic contraction‐evoked pain was facilitated in an NGF‐sensitized muscle.SignificanceAcidification of the muscle environment may affect muscle nociceptors and pain by different mechanisms, including activation of ASIC3 and TRPV1. In this study, pain evoked following ischaemic contractions was increased in the Nerve Growth Factor (NGF)‐sensitized muscle compared with non‐ischaemic contractions and in the non‐sensitized muscle. These findings illustrate that responses of peripheral afferents under ischaemic conditions are altered by a pre‐sensitized muscle. This highlights the role of growth factors, including NGF, in peripheral muscle sensitization with clinical implications for ischaemic myalgia.
Elicitation: A biotechnological tool for enhanced production of secondary metabolites in hairy root cultures
Authors: Halder Mihir , Sarkar Sayantika , Jha Sumita 
Published: July 2019

AbstractElicitation is a possible aid to overcome various difficulties associated with the large‐scale production of most commercially important bioactive secondary metabolites from wild and cultivated plants, undifferentiated or differentiated cultures. Secondary metabolite accumulation in vitro or their efflux in culture medium has been elicited in the undifferentiated or differentiated tissue cultures of several plant species by the application of a low concentration of biotic and abiotic elicitors in the last three decades. Hairy root cultures are preferred for the application of elicitation due to their genetic and biosynthetic stability, high growth rate in growth regulator‐free media, and production consistence in response to elicitor treatment. Elicitors act as signal, recognized by elicitor‐specific receptors on the plant cell membrane and stimulate defense responses during elicitation resulting in increased synthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites. Optimization of various parameters, such as elicitor type, concentration, duration of exposure, and treatment schedule is essential for the effectiveness of the elicitation strategies. Combined application of different elicitors, integration of precursor feeding, or replenishment of medium or in situ product recovery from the roots/liquid medium with the elicitor treatment have showed improved accumulation of secondary metabolites due to their synergistic effect. This is a comprehensive review about the progress in the elicitation approach to hairy root cultures from 2010 to 2019 and the information provided is valuable and will be of interest for scientists working in this area of plant biotechnology.