bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ADHS und Sucht
Authors: Ohlmeier Martin D. 
Published: September 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGGegenstand und Ziel: Abhängigkeitserkrankungen sind bei Erwachsenen mit einer Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) häufig. Insbesondere Abhängigkeit von Cannabis, Amphetaminen und Alkohol haben sowohl für die differenzialdiagnostische Einschätzung als auch für den differenzialtherapeutischen Entscheidungsprozess eine hohe klinische Relevanz. Eine wichtige Rolle in der Pathophysiologie der Komorbidität spielt neben der „Selbstbehandlungshypothese“ und der „Dopaminmangelhypothese“ die oftmals bestehende erhöhte Risikobereitschaft bei ADHS-Patienten im Sinne eines „Sensation-Seekings“.Material und Methoden: In dem Artikel wird eine Übersicht über die Epidemiologie, Pathophysiologie sowie die sich daraus ergebenden klinischen Implikationen der ADHS und komorbiden Abhängigkeitserkrankungen gegeben.Ergebnisse, Schlussfolgerungen: Bei Erwachsenen mit ADHS ist die Komorbidität mit Abhängigkeitserkrankung häufig, insbesondere Cannabis, Amphetamine und Alkohol betreffend. In der Ätiopathogenese hat die „Selbstmedikationshypothese“ im Kontext der „Dopaminmangelhypothese“ eine wichtige Bedeutung. Auch die erhöhte Risikobereitschaft der betroffenen ADHS-Patienten hat im Sinne des „Sensation-Seekings“ eine große klinische Relevanz. Die Behandlung mit Psychostimulanzien ist bei Vorliegen einer komorbiden Suchterkrankung kritisch abzuwägen, da sie selbst ein Abhängigkeitspotenzial besitzen. Alternativ können Noradrenalin- und Dopamin-Wiederaufnahmehemmer eingesetzt werden. Weitere wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen hinsichtlich geeigneter Behandlungsmethoden erscheinen notwendig.
Synthesis and Characterizations of a Collagen-Rich Biomembrane with Potential for Tissue-Guided Regeneration
Authors: Silva Marcos J. , Gonçalves Carolina P. , Galvão Kleber M. , D’Alpino Paulo H. P. , Nascimento Fábio D. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Objectives In this study, a collagen-rich biomembrane obtained from porcine ­intestinal submucosa for application in guided bone regeneration was developed and characterized. Then, its biological and mechanical properties were compared with that of commercial products (GenDerm [Baumer], Lumina-Coat [Critéria], Surgitime PTFE [Bionnovation], and Surgidry Dental F [Technodry]).
Materials and Methods The biomembrane was extracted from porcine intestinal submucosa. Scanning electron microscopy, spectroscopic dispersive energy, glycosaminoglycan quantification, and confocal microscopy by intrinsic fluorescence were used to evaluate the collagen structural patterns of the biomembrane. Mechanical tensile and deformation tests were also performed.
Statistical Analysis  The results of the methods used for experimental membrane characterizations were compared with that obtained by the commercial membranes and statistically analyzed (significance of 5%).
Results The collagen-rich biomembrane developed also exhibited a more organized, less porous collagen fibril network, with the presence of glycosaminoglycans. The experimental biomembrane exhibited mechanical properties, tensile strength, and deformation behavior with improved average stress/strain when compared with other commercial membranes tested. Benefits also include a structured, flexible, and ­bioresorbable characteristics scaffold.
Conclusions The experimental collagen-rich membrane developed presents physical–chemical, molecular, and mechanical characteristics similar to or better than that of the commercial products tested, possibly allowing it to actively participating in the process of bone neoformation.
Evaluation of the Asymmetry of Leg Muscles Forces in the Subjects with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Sharifmoradi Keyvan , Karimi Mohammad Taghi , Hoseini Yasin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRunning asymmetry has not been assessed among patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficiency. The aim of this study was to evaluate the spatiotemporal and muscle force asymmetry indexes in the subjects with ACL reconstruction (ACLR) compared with normal subjects. Eight individuals with a reconstructed ACL and eight individuals with intact ACLs were participated in this study. A Vicon motion analysis system and two Kistler force plates were used to record data. Muscle forces analysis was done by the use of OpenSim software. The results of this study showed that ACLR group had a significant weakness in hip abductor, extensor, and adductor muscles of the affected limb compared with healthy subjects (p < 0.05). In ACLR group, asymmetry of gluteus minimus muscle force was significantly greater than that of healthy group (p = 0.04). After the reconstruction of the ACL, there is still a significant asymmetry in muscle force as well as a reduction in force production of ACLR group especially in reconstructed side which put a person at high risk of reinjuries. Thus, strengthening of these muscles on the affected side to increase running performance of ACLR group is recommended.
Approximations to the Tibial Distal Anatomical Axis in the Sagittal Plane
Authors: Miles James E. 
Published: September 2019

Objective The aim of this study was to compare approximations to the tibial distal anatomical axis (DAA) with regression lines for the symmetric axis of the tibia, and to identify an optimal approximation for surgical planning of osteotomies for the management of canine cruciate ligament deficiency.
Study Design Prospective radiographic study of 20 canine tibiae. Using curve-fitting and the symmetric axis technique, the true anatomical axis was identified for each tibia. Regression lines were calculated for the distal 67% and distal 50% subsections of this axis. Angular deviations between these lines and DAA approximations were calculated and compared with to find the closest approximations.
Results The DAA approximations based on the distal 50% rather than the distal 67% of the tibia had smaller maximal deviations from the true axis. Landmarks at 50% and 75% of tibial length exhibited greater deviations than those at 50% and 95% or 100%.
Conclusion The DAA landmarks should be restricted to the distal half of the tibia. Use of a distal landmark either just proximal to the distal metaphyseal flare of the tibia or at the mid-point of the distal articular surface is to be preferred. In this way, the DAA will better reflect the true anatomical axis of the distal tibia.
High Rate of Medical Emergency Team Activation in Children with Tracheostomy
Authors: McKelvie Brianna L. , Lobos Anna-Theresa , Chan Jason , Momoli Franco , McNally James Dayre 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPediatric in-patients with tracheostomy (PIT) are at high risk for clinical deterioration. Medical emergency teams (MET) have been developed to identify high-risk patients. This study compared MET activation rates between PITs and the general ward population. This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at a tertiary pediatric hospital. The primary outcome (MET activation) was obtained from a database. Between 2008 and 2014, the MET activation rate was significantly higher in the PIT group than the general ward population (14 vs. 2.9 per 100 admissions, p < 0.001). PITs are at significantly higher risk for MET activation. Strategies should be developed to reduce their risk on the wards.
Integral norm discretization and related problems
Authors: Dai F. , Prymak A. , Temlyakov V. N. , Tikhonov S. Yu. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The problem is discussed of replacing an integral norm with respect to a given probability measure by the corresponding integral norm with respect to a discrete measure. This problem is investigated for elements of finite-dimensional spaces. Also, discretization of the uniform norm of functions in a given finite-dimensional subspace of continuous functions is studied. Special attention is given to the case of multivariate trigonometric polynomials with frequencies (harmonics) in a finite set with fixed cardinality. Both new results and a survey of known results are presented.
Bibliography: 47 titles.
On the rapid expansion of optimality theory at the end of the twentieth century
Authors: Griffiths Joshua M. 
Published: September 2019

SummaryDespite being a recent development in generative linguistics, Optimality Theory (OT, Prince & Smolensky 1993) has had a profound impact on linguistics, particularly on phonology in North America. OT posits that observed forms of language arise due to conflicting linguistic constraints. When proposed in 1993, OT saw virtually overnight success in American phonology despite not having been the first theory of grammar to focus solely on the constraint. I argue, that the reasons for which OT saw such immediate success due in large part to the efforts of Prince and Smolensky to work at getting the word out, the state of American phonology at the time which felt stagnant to some, and the coincidence of OT’s birth with the Internet Boom which Prince and Smolensky used to their advantage
Dietary α-Lactalbumin protects against thioacetamide-induced liver cirrhosis by maintaining gut-liver axis function in rats
Authors: Fukawa Akika , Baba Shunsuke , Iwasawa Kaori , Yamaguchi Makoto , Hosono Akira 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
We tested the hypothesis that α-lactalbumin inhibits the disruption of intestinal barrier function and liver cirrhosis by restoring gut-liver axis function in thioacetamide (TAA) -treated rats. Rat diets were supplemented with α-lactalbumin replacing 50% of dietary protein. After consuming α-lactalbumin for one week, rats were intraperitoneally injected with TAA twice a week for 14 weeks. The α-lactalbumin-enriched diet significantly inhibited the elevation of plasma alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and hyaluronic acids. The supplement significantly reduced plasma lipopolysaccharide levels and increased occludin mRNA level. Hepatic fibrosis and regenerative nodules was developed and intestinal villi were shortened by TAA; α-Lactalbumin attenuated these histopathological changes. These results indicated that α-lactalbumin improved intestinal barrier function, suppressing endotoxin levels. These data also suggested that α-lactalbumin ameliorated the impairment of the gut-liver axis by TAA, inhibiting the development of liver cirrhosis.
Key comparison BIPM.RI(I)-K2 of the air-kerma standards of the NIM, China, and the BIPM in low-energy x-rays
Authors: Burns D T , Kessler C , Jinjie Wu , Peiwei Wang 
Published: September 2019

A key comparison has been made between the air-kerma standards of the NIM and the BIPM in the low-energy x-ray range. The results show the standards to be in agreement at the level of the combined standard uncertainty of 3.7 parts in 103. The results are analysed and presented in terms of degrees of equivalence, suitable for entry in the BIPM key comparison database.
KEY WORDS FOR SEARCH
Radiation dosimetry, key comparison, low-energy x-rays, air kerma

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Green Urban Development: A methodology to calculate site and infrastructure related GHG emissions
Authors: Kapoor Prashant , Saberi Ommid , Oliver Neil 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The built urban infrastructure which includes the various types of residential and commercial buildings, the parking and public transport network, water and electricity networks, and delivery mechanisms determine the energy use and carbon emissions of our city.
At Building level, controlling resultant GHG emissions could be done through measures such as better insulation, more efficient heating and cooling systems, and the installation of rooftops solar photovoltaics. IFC’s EDGE (Excellence in Design for Greater Efficiencies) certification has addressed the need for a mass market tool to identify such opportunities and provides third-party validation of achievement of resource efficiency in buildings. EDGE certification rewards developers who implement strategies to reduce energy and water use in their buildings and embodied energy in materials.
At Precinct level, dense, mixed use urban developments that are close to public transit nodes give people convenient, less polluting transportation options while maximising resource use and improving their access to more job opportunities and higher quality of life. To encourage such “Green Urban Developments,” IFC is piloting a new concept to quantify urban strategies such as location, transportation options, achievement of optimum density, overall configuration, planning, and layout to reduce waste all the while ensuring comfort and affordability. The aim is to influence private and public-sector developers to choose “Green Urban Development” design options early in the project planning process.
This paper presents a methodology for calculating GHG impacts of the site and horizontal infrastructure options for an Urban Development and explains the benefits and challenges of putting such a concept into practice.
Housing and service structure concepts for areas with decreasing and ageing population
Authors: Verma I , Taegen J 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Urbanisation has often a negative impact on the population structure in remote areas. Municipalities have to find strategies to anticipate the demographic change and steer territorial shrinkage. Moreover, the current service structure is not optimal for areas with decreasing population. The aim of this ongoing research and development project is to promote resilient service structure and health prevention as well as housing services in these areas. The project comprises five case studies in municipalities with less than 20 000 inhabitants. Existing urban structures and the potentials for re-use of buildings will be identified in collaboration with local stakeholders. The comparative analyses of the municipal structures will be done at Sotera Institute at Aalto University. For each municipality, one student in architecture will provide a solution for urban design, housing design or renovation of existing building. The results of the study will help municipalities to outline a local development strategy to promote a lively and attractive municipal centre and a resilient service structure to improve living environment in remote areas. Shared use of buildings will improve the local service production and service delivery models. Efficient service delivery and housing will keep these areas attractive to live in also in the future.
New housing concepts seducing young adults to settle; the case of Deventer and Enschede
Authors: Entrop A G , de Bruijn T J N M 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In multiple cities with polytechnics and universities, companies have difficulty finding the proper well-educated candidates for their vacancies. These young adults do not stay within the city’s proximity to reside and work after having obtained their bachelor or master degree. Apart from job opportunities, it might be that they cannot find proper housing. Two municipalities felt the urge to let us study the housing requirements of this particular group of young adults and to design housing concepts for them. Two research and design teams were formed. Without obtaining a strict delineation and with both teams having mutual interests and collaborative meetings, it can be said that one team focused slightly more on architectural design and the municipality of Enschede and a second team focused more or less on city planning and the municipality of Deventer. Within the time available, it was not possible by means of a prototype to prove that housing constructed with our specifications regarding surroundings and the building itself really helps the companies, but in this paper our research in coming to promising designs for housing concepts, that just might seduce these young adults, are disseminated.
Greenhouse gas emissions from built environment development in Iceland
Authors: Heinonen Jukka , Árnadóttir Áróra , Emami Nargessadat , Marteinsson Björn 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Without rapid and radical greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation, irreversible damage threatening life on the globe might occur already during the next decades. One of the key sectors in finding solutions to climate change is the built environment, which currently directly or indirectly causes the majority of anthropogenic GHG emissions. The transition towards more sustainable settlements requires massive use of materials and energy, but it is not well known at all how much GHG emissions are “invested” into the development of the future low-carbon built environment. In this study we use input-output analysis to calculate an estimate of the GHGs embodied in the built environment development in Iceland. The input data consists of annual economic turnover data of different construction sectors for the years 2013-2017. The GHG estimates are derived using the EIO-LCA input-output model. We find that the built environment development emissions of Iceland are significant even though the actual emissions largely take place outside the country, being thus outsourced emissions. Surprisingly the development of the capital region did not stand out as the engine of these emissions, but the spread appeared to be relatively equal between the capital region and the rest of the country.
Opportunities for financing sustainable development using complementary local currencies
Authors: Jankovic Ljubomir 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Financing building retrofit projects that contribute to climate change mitigation has always represented a significant barrier. With 28% of global emissions coming from existing buildings, it is of paramount importance to carry out retrofit measures that lead to significant reduction of these emissions. Whilst this is perfectly possible to achieve with current methods and current technology, there is no sufficient conventional finance to carry out zero carbon retrofit at scale required for climate change mitigation. The article introduces an alternative and sustainable business model that creates new opportunities for financing zero carbon retrofit of buildings. It demonstrates that the value of solar energy falling on roofs of buildings can become a driver for new local economic systems, and discusses the requirements for practical application.
RTS EPD’s – Different Methods of Producing Reliable Environmental Information of Building Products in Finland
Authors: Sariola Laura , Ilomäki Ari 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The Building Information Foundation RTS sr launched a national EPD program in the year 2016 and after that there have been produced several RTS EPD’s published by the RTS. The Information gathered from the Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) is verified by a third party and therefore neutral and reliable. Environmental performance of construction products is compiled according to the standard EN 15804+A1 and A2 and with a guidance’s and methodology processed in the committee PT18 RT EPD’s. The name of the principal publication is “Methodology (PCR) for compiling environmental declarations for building products: EPD’s published by The Building Information Foundation RTS (2019)” and in addition there are guidance for the application process and verification processes.
The Building Information Foundation got a full membership status of EcoPlatform in September 2018 and therefore the guidance has been revised. PT18 noticed the future demand of easy way of producing EPD’s and therefore it compiled a guidance of verification process of customized and product specific EPD-tools used in connection to production processes. PT18 considered also amendment of the EN15804 standard (A2) in advance as far as possible and updated the RTS methodology accordingly. The EPD’s are created in Finland by the Principal Committee PT18 of The Building Information Foundation RTS. A work group of the Committee PT18 will audit and approve/reject the applications. All RTS EPDs have been verified, there is no difference if the EPDs have been complied with the EPD tool or without it.
The eco-profiles and other environmental aspects provide input data for the assessment of environmental impacts of the buildings. The purpose of the declarations is to provide environmental information of construction products in a standardized and transparent way. The EN-standardized method developed by CEN/TC350 is utilized in other European countries as well by different EPD-programs. The purpose of different EPD-tools is to provide easy way to produce EPD information of similar products and to use gathered information in multiple product information services and data modelling tools.
Equation for zero emissions-achieving carbon-neutrality in building sector
Authors: Ruuska Antti , Mäkinen Markus 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Energy has a central role in people’s lives. However, access to affordable, clean and reliable energy is not the case yet for all. As more people have access to energy, the global energy consumption is set to rise, along with the global greenhouse gas emissions.
The building sector is one of the most significant ones in terms of energy consumption and GHG emissions (Ruuska, 2018). Buildings consume vast share of global energy and produce significant share of greenhouse gas emissions. Thus far the improvements in energy efficiency have not been able to offset the increase in energy use due to increased amount of buildings. In order to cap the global warming to 1.5 °C (IPCC), thorough changes are needed in the way we consume and produce energy. For the building sector, it is suggested that the whole of the building sector should decarbonize by 2050 (WGBC, 2018). This paper assumes that the building sector can decarbonize by 2050 and looks for ways to make it happen.
Technological means to move towards clean, low-carbon energy in buildings are many. On the supply side, moving away from fossil fuels and increasing the share of renewable energy are the big goals. On the demand side, energy use can be reduced through better energy efficiency in buildings. Furthermore, smart energy management can help to operate buildings optimally, and to shift and reduce peak loads. There are also opportunities related to, for example, energy storages. However, this paper assumes that the key towards broader implementation of the technological means may lie in user-friendly services and business models.
This paper further assumes that decarbonizing construction industry is not a technological problem as such, but more of a systemic problem. Therefore, this paper seeks to understand the interactions and feedback loops in the sector, by focusing on the level of a single building and its owner/user. This paper shows the general dynamics of the energy systems around a single building, and the connections they have to the broader energy system. Furthermore, this paper presents a simple equation for zero emission building stock and links this equation to system dynamics around single building’s energy systems.
All of this is done from the viewpoint of a single building and its owner/user to illustrate how the situation looks from the user/owner perspective and to see if some factors arise that could speed up the transformation towards decarbonized building sector.