bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary Family Caregivers' Reasons for Disclosing Versus Not Disclosing a Cancer Diagnosis in India
Authors: Chittem Mahati , Norman Paul , Harris Peter 
Published: December 2018

Background
Nondisclosure of cancer diagnosis continues to be practiced in India, with many family caregivers concealing it from patients in order to protect them from emotional distress.

Objective
The aim of this study was to explore Indian primary family caregivers' reasons for, and experiences of, disclosure versus nondisclosure to patients about their cancer diagnosis.

Methods
Indian disclosing (n = 8) and nondisclosing (n = 7) primary family caregivers participated in semistructured interviews exploring their reasons for disclosure versus nondisclosure of cancer diagnosis to their patient. Qualitative content analysis was used to classify the reasons for and for not disclosing. Illustrative quotes were selected to highlight caregivers' motivations for, and experiences of, each reason.

Results
The findings revealed 6 main reasons for disclosing (emotional well-being, lack of control, preparing the patient, family reasons, patient's personality, and longevity/curability of the disease) and 6 reasons for not disclosing (emotional well-being, family reasons, patient's personality, longevity/curability of the disease, barriers to communication, and disease severity). Typically, disclosing caregivers considered reasons for as well as against disclosure, whereas nondisclosing caregivers considered reasons against disclosure.

Conclusions
Most of the reasons given for disclosing and not disclosing were the same, although these reasons operated differently for disclosing and nondisclosing caregivers. In addition, justification for these reasons demonstrated cognitive consistency effects that appeared to reduce any feelings of dissonance regarding caregivers' disclosure, or nondisclosure, decisions.

Implications for Practice
Cancer nurses should provide additional psychological support to nondisclosing caregivers, especially with regard to how they view and engage in their caregiving role.
Psychiatric Considerations Regarding Prehospital Administration of Ketamine for Agitation
Authors: Tian Lewis L. , Newman William J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRecently, ketamine has seen increased use among emergency medical services in the prehospital setting as a first-line means of chemical restraint for agitated patients. In this case report, we explore an instance in which ketamine administration for nonpsychotic agitation before emergency department (ED) evaluation may have caused unexpected psychotic symptoms leading to a complicated ED course necessitating admission. As ketamine gains widespread use in the prehospital setting, the safety profile deserves reevaluation. In the following report, we review relevant literature and discuss important factors to consider regarding the use of prehospital ketamine, including psychiatric and substance abuse history.
Guilt Delusional Beliefs Increase the Risk of Suicidal Attempt in Elderly Unipolar Psychotic Depressives
Authors: Gournellis Rossetos , Efstathiou Vasiliki , Yotsidi Vasiliki , Tournikioti Kalliopi , Papazahos Costas , Ferentinos Panagiotis , Douzenis Athanasios , Michopoulos Ioannis 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the differential effect of various delusion categories, namely, guilt, paranoid, impending disaster, and somatic on suicidal attempts in elderly patients experiencing unipolar psychotic major depression (PMD), because the evidence on this is scarce. The sample consisted of 65 consecutively admitted patients 60 years or older, experiencing PMD, and assessed by means of Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-4 (Patient Edition), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), and by a physical impairment rating scale. Patients with guilt delusional beliefs had 5.31 times higher odds (95% confidence interval, 1.37–25.40) of a suicidal attempt than the patients without guilt delusional beliefs, controlling for sex, age, prior history of suicide attempt, MMSE, and hallucinations. In addition, 17 PMD patients with lifetime suicidal attempt compared with 48 PMD patients without lifetime suicidal attempt presented only higher age of disorder onset (p = 0.008). Of the four categories of delusions assessed, only guilt delusions were associated with an increased risk for suicidal attempt.
Predicting Predischarge Anhedonia Among Inpatients With Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorders
Authors: Ritsner Michael S. , Ratner Yael 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This study sought to evaluate predischarge anhedonia level and its predictors in 125 inpatients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders. Consecutively admitted inpatients were assessed before discharge from the hospital using the Specific Loss of Interest and Pleasure Scale (SLIPS) and a battery of measures for clinical and psychosocial variables. When symptoms, distress, and social anhedonia scores were controlled, the SLIPS score inversely correlated with self-constructs, social support, quality of life, recovery, and unmet needs. Using two cutoff points of the data set of SLIPS, we identified three groups: 19 (15.2%) patients reported “no loss of pleasure”; 46 (36.8%), “some loss of pleasure”; and 60 (48.0%), “marked diminishment of pleasure.” The SLIPS score is predicted by sensitivity, unmet needs, deficient interpersonal pleasure, poor quality of life, and friend support. The study underlines the importance of assessing anhedonia and related psychosocial factors in patients with serious mental illness.
Effect of Vision Therapy on Accommodative Lag in Myopic Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Ma Martin Ming-Leung , Shi Jingcheng , Li Na , Scheiman Mitchell , Chen Xiang 
Published: December 2018

SIGNIFICANCE
Accommodative dysfunction has been suggested to be related to the development and progression of myopia. Office-based accommodative/vergence therapy (OBAVT) improved accommodative facility in Chinese myopic children, but it is unclear if such improvement has a role in decreasing myopic progression.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of OBAVT with home reinforcement and office-based placebo therapy (OBPT) as a treatment to improve accommodative functions (i.e., lag, amplitude, and facility) in myopic children with poor accommodative accuracy.

METHODS
This was a prospective, single-masked, randomized clinical trial. Thirty-four Chinese children 8 to 12 years old with myopia and at least 1 diopter of lag of accommodation measured by autorefraction were enrolled. The participants were randomly assigned to the OBAVT or OBPT group. The primary outcome measure was the change in the monocular lag of accommodation from the baseline visit to the 13-week visit measured by a Shin-Nippon open-field autorefractor. Secondary outcome measures were changes in accommodative amplitude and monocular accommodative facility.

RESULTS
A total of 33 participants completed the study. After 12 weeks of treatment, there were significant improvements in the lag of accommodation in both the OBAVT and OBPT groups (OBAVT: −0.30 ± 0.29 diopters [P < .001; Cohen’s d effect size, 1.29]; OBPT: −0.24 ± 0.30 diopters [P = .005; Cohen’s d effect size, 1.24]). There was no statistically significant difference between the improvements in the two groups (P = .50). There was statistically significant improvement in monocular accommodative facility only in the OBAVT group (OBAVT: 7.7 ± 4.7 cycles per minute [P < .001; Cohen’s d effect size, 2.20]; OBPT: 1.9 ± 4.4 cycles per minute [P = .072]). The change in the OBAVT group was statistically significantly larger than that in the OBPT group (P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS
Office-based accommodative/vergence therapy was no more effective than OBPT in reducing the lag of accommodation in children 8 to 12 years old with low to moderate myopia. It did improve accommodative facility in Chinese myopic children, but it is unclear if such an improvement has a role in decreasing myopic progression.
Development and Psychometric Assessment of Novel Item Banks for Hereditary Retinal Diseases
Authors: Prem Senthil Mallika , Khadka Jyoti , De Roach John , Lamey Tina , McLaren Terri , Campbell Isabella , Fenwick Eva K. , Lamoureux Ecosse L. , Pesudovs Konrad 
Published: December 2018

SIGNIFICANCE
This study develops psychometrically valid item banks across 10 areas of quality of life (QoL) specific to people with hereditary retinal diseases, which will enable clinicians and researchers to explore the impact of hereditary retinal diseases across all aspects of QoL.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of hereditary retinal disease QoL item banks using Rasch analysis and demonstrate the effectiveness of a computerized adaptive testing (CAT) system in obtaining precise measurement of QoL using only a few items.

METHODS
The hereditary retinal disease item banks were answered by 233 participants (median age, 58 years; range, 18 to 94 years; female participants, 59%). The hereditary retinal disease item banks cover 10 QoL domains: activity limitation, mobility, emotional, social, convenience, economic, health concerns, visual symptoms, ocular comfort symptoms, and general symptoms. Rasch analysis assessed the psychometric properties of the 10 item banks and provided item calibrations for the development of CAT. Computerized adaptive testing simulations were performed to calculate the average number of items required to gain precise measurement of each QoL domain.

RESULTS
The convenience, economic, visual symptoms, and the social domains formed unidimensional scales. However, the activity limitation and health concerns domains demonstrated multidimensionality and required major modifications to resolve this, which resulted in four new QoL domains, namely, reading, driving, lighting, and concerns about the disease progression. In total, 10 item banks underwent CAT simulation testing, which indicated that 8 to 12 items were required to gain precise measurement of each QoL domain.

CONCLUSIONS
We have developed 10 psychometrically valid item banks to measure the QoL domains relevant to people with hereditary retinal diseases. On average, only 5 and 10 items were required to gain measurement at moderate and high precision, respectively.
Case Report: Sequelae of Bilateral Iris Pigment Epithelial Cysts Masquerading as Primary Pigmentary Glaucoma
Authors: Harpster Sandra Nelle , Flettner Juliane Grace , Mick Andrew Boyd 
Published: December 2018

SIGNIFICANCE
Patients with pigment dispersion syndrome are frequently encountered in clinical practice. Iris abnormalities and the absence of key features of pigment dispersion syndrome can guide the discovery of secondary causes of pigmentary glaucoma, such as peripheral iris pigment epithelial cysts.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to describe a patient initially diagnosed as having primary pigmentary glaucoma found to have multiple bilateral peripheral iris pigment epithelial cysts causing pigment liberation, focal angle closure, and advanced secondary glaucoma.

CASE REPORT
A 64-year-old man presented for follow-up after a recent diagnosis of primary pigmentary glaucoma in the left eye. Clinical examination revealed transillumination defects of both irides and a heavily pigmented trabecular meshwork. A midperipheral bulge of the iris was appreciated in the superior temporal quadrant of the left eye. Gonioscopic evaluation showed that the bulge focally obstructed the angle. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography demonstrated a normal iris insertion of both eyes, with the exception of a steepened approach superotemporally in the left eye. Ultrasound biomicroscopy revealed bilateral small- to medium-sized peripheral iris pigment epithelial cysts and confirmed a large cyst superotemporally in the left iris.

CONCLUSIONS
This case describes a patient with advanced secondary pigmentary glaucoma from iris pigment epithelial cysts. The mechanisms of glaucoma are likely twofold: (1) pigment liberation from the cysts contacting the lens zonules and, to a lesser extent, (2) focal angle closure at the site of the large peripheral cyst. The key features of pigmentary glaucoma, namely, posterior bowing of the iris, may not be present in secondary pigment dispersion. This case highlights the importance of careful evaluation of the iris and angle in making a correct diagnosis. The choice of topical agent to control intraocular pressure while not increasing the size of these cysts is also an important consideration.
The association of plasma lipids with white blood cell counts: Results from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Lai Yong Chang , Woollard Kevin J. , McClelland Robyn L. , Allison Matthew A. , Rye Kerry-Anne , Ong Kwok Leung , Cochran Blake J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackground and aimsPrevious studies have demonstrated that elevated cholesterol results in increased white blood cell counts in mouse models. However, there is insufficient evidence to support this in humans. We, therefore, investigated the relationship of plasma lipids with white blood cell counts (basophils, eosinophils, monocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes) in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).MethodsThe analysis included 2873 MESA participants at visit 5 with a complete white blood count and differential analysis. The cross-sectional association of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels with different white blood cell counts was analyzed by multivariable linear regression.ResultsAfter adjusting sociodemographic and confounding factors including red blood cells counts, platelet counts, use of lipid-lowering medication, CVD risk factors and other lipid measures, and multiple testing correction, a 1-SD increment in total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol was associated with 2.8% and 2.3% (both p<0.001) lower total white blood cell counts. The same increment in ln-transformed triglyceride levels was associated with 2.3% higher total white blood cell counts, 2.9% higher lymphocyte counts and 2.7% lower monocyte counts (all p<0.001). HDL cholesterol was not associated with any white blood cell counts. Similar results were obtained after excluding participants taking lipid-lowering medication.ConclusionsWhilst significant associations were observed, the heterogenous and modest nature of the relationships between plasma lipid levels and white blood cell populations make it hard to support the hypothesis that lipids are in the causal pathway for leukogenesis.
Electrostatic-assemblies of single-walled carbon nanotubes and sequence-tunable peptoid polymers detect a lectin protein and its target sugars
Authors: Chio Linda , Del Bonis-O’Donnell Jackson Travis , Kline Mark A. , Kim Jae Hong , McFarlane Ian R. , Zuckermann Ronald N. , Landry Markita P. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA primary limitation to real-time imaging of metabolites and proteins has been the selective detection of biomolecules that have no naturally-occurring or stable molecular recognition counterparts. We present developments in the design of synthetic near-infrared fluorescent nanosensors based on the fluorescence modulation of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) with select sequences of surface-adsorbedN-substituted glycine peptoid polymers. We assess the stability of the peptoid-SWNT nanosensor candidates under variable ionic strengths, protease exposure, and cell culture media conditions, and find that the stability of peptoid-SWNTs depends on the composition and length of the peptoid polymer. From our library, we identify a peptoid-SWNT assembly that can selectively detect lectin protein wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) with a sensitivity comparable to the concentration of serum proteins. This WGA protein nanosensor is characterized with near-infrared spectroscopy and microscopy to study protein-nanosensor interaction parameters. To demonstrate the retention of nanosensor-bound protein activity, we show that WGA on the nanosensor produces an additional fluorescent signal modulation upon exposure to the lectin’s conjugate sugars, suggesting the lectin protein selectively binds its target sugars through ternary molecular recognition interactions relayed to the nanosensor. Our results inform design considerations for developing synthetic molecular recognition elements by assembling peptoid polymers on SWNTs, and also demonstrate these assemblies can serve as optical nanosensors for lectin proteins and their target sugars. Together, these data suggest certain peptoid sequences can be assembled with SWNTs to serve as versatile optical probes to detect proteins and their molecular substrates.
Dashing: Fast and Accurate Genomic Distances with HyperLogLog
Authors: Baker Daniel N , Langmead Ben 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDashing is a fast and accurate software tool for estimating similarities of genomes or sequencing datasets. It uses the HyperLogLog sketch together with cardinality estimation methods that are specialized for set unions and intersections. Dashing summarizes genomes more rapidly than previous MinHash-based methods while providing greater accuracy across a wide range of input sizes and sketch sizes. It can sketch and calculate pairwise distances for over 87K genomes in 6 minutes. Dashing is open source and available athttps://github.com/dnbaker/dashing.
Anesthesia-induced loss of consciousness disrupts auditory responses beyond primary cortex
Authors: Krom Aaron J , Marmelshtein Amit , Gelbard-Sagiv Hagar , Tankus Ariel , Hayat Hanna , Hayat Daniel , Matot Idit , Strauss Ido , Fahoum Firas , Soehle Martin , Boström Jan , Mormann Florian , Fried Itzhak , Nir Yuval 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDespite its ubiquitous use in medicine, and extensive knowledge of its molecular and cellular effects, how anesthesia induces loss of consciousness (LOC) and affects sensory processing remains poorly understood. Specifically, it is unclear whether anesthesia primarily disrupts thalamocortical relay or intercortical signaling. Here we recorded intracranial EEG (iEEG), local field potentials (LFPs), and single-unit activity in patients during wakefulness and light anesthesia. Propofol infusion was gradually increased while auditory stimuli were presented and patients responded to a target stimulus until they became unresponsive. We found widespread iEEG responses in association cortices during wakefulness, which were attenuated and restricted to auditory regions upon LOC. Neuronal spiking and LFP responses in primary auditory cortex (PAC) persisted after LOC, while responses in higher-order auditory regions were variable, with neuronal spiking largely attenuated. Gamma power induced by word stimuli increased after LOC while its frequency profile slowed, thus differing from local spiking activity. In summary, anesthesia-induced LOC disrupts auditory processing in association cortices while relatively sparing responses in PAC, opening new avenues for future research into mechanisms of LOC and the design of anesthetic monitoring devices.
Partial-resistance against aphids in wild barley involves phloem and mesophyll-based defences
Authors: Leybourne Daniel J , Valentine Tracy A , Robertson Jean AH , Pérez-Fernández Estefania , Main Angela M , Karley Alison J , Bos Jorunn IB 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAphids, including the bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi), are significant agricultural pests. Aphid populations are typically controlled using insecticides, but there is increasing demand for more sustainable pest management practices. The wild relative of barley,Hordeum spontaneum5 (Hsp5) has been described as partially-resistant toR. padi. Partial-resistance is proposed to involve higher thionin and lipoxygenase gene expression. However, the underlying mechanistic processes are unknown. In this study we compared Hsp5 with a susceptible cultivar of barley (Concerto) to test the extent to which partial-resistance affects aphid fitness. We used the electrical penetration graph technique to monitorR. padifeeding patterns to elucidate the tissue location of partial-resistance factors alongside molecular and biochemical analyses to identify potential mechanisms. We show that partial-resistance in Hsp5 extends to three aphid species and is mediated by phloem/mesophyll-based factors, leading to a three-fold increase in the time aphids take to establish sustained phloem ingestion. Partial-resistance likely involves elevated expression of defence and phytohormone genes alongside altered phloem amino acid composition. Further work is required to establish the function of these traits, however this study highlights plant tissues which are important in conferring broad-spectrum partial-resistance against aphids in barley.HighlightPartial-resistance against aphids in wild barley is based in the mesophyll and vascular tissue and is potentially associated with higher basal defence gene expression and altered phloem amino acid composition.
Estimating prevalence for limb-girdle muscular dystrophy based on public sequencing databases
Authors: Liu Wei , Pajusalu Sander , Lake Nicole J. , Zhou Geyu , Ioannidis Nilah , Mittal Plavi , Johnson Nicholas E. , Weihl Conrad C. , Williams Bradley A. , Albrecht Douglas E. , Rufibach Laura E. , Lek Monkol 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPurposeLimb Girdle Muscular Dystrophies (LGMD) are a genetically heterogeneous category of autosomal inherited muscle diseases. Many genes causing LGMD have been identified, and clinical trials are beginning for treatment of some genetic subtypes. However, even with the gene-level mechanisms known, it is still difficult to get a reliable and generalizable prevalence estimation for each subtype due to the limited amount of epidemiology data and the low incidence of LGMDs.MethodsTaking advantage of recently published whole exome and genome sequencing data from the general population, we used a Bayesian method to develop a reliable disease prevalence estimator.ResultsThis method was applied to nine recessive LGMD subtypes. The estimated disease prevalence calculated by this method were largely comparable to published estimates from epidemiological studies, however highlighted instances of possible under-diagnosis for LGMD2B and 2L.ConclusionThe increasing size of aggregated population variant databases will allow for robust and reproducible prevalence estimates of recessive disease, which is critical for the strategic design and prioritization of clinical trials.
Hyperinsulinemia promotes aberrant histone acetylation in triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Senapati Parijat , Thai Christine , Sanchez Angelica , Gallagher Emily J , LeRoith Derek , Seewaldt Victoria L. , Ann David K. , Schones Dustin E. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractExcess levels of insulin relative to glucose in the blood, or hyperinsulinemia, is considered to be a poor prognostic indicator for patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). While this association has been recognized for some time, the mechanistic role of hyperinsulinemia in promoting TNBC remains unclear. We show that insulin treatment leads to genome-wide increase in histone acetylation, in particular at H3K9, through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in MDA-MB-231 cells. Genome-wide analysis showed that the increase in histone acetylation occurs primarily at gene promoters. In addition, insulin induces higher levels of reactive oxygen species and DNA damage foci in cells. In vivo, hyperinsulinemia also enhances growth of MDA-MB-231 derived tumors through increased histone acetylation. These results demonstrate the impact of hyperinsulinemia on altered gene regulation through chromatin and the importance of targeting hyperinsulinemia-induced processes that lead to chromatin dysfunction in TNBC.