bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endothelial dysfunction: comparative evaluation of ultrasound dopplerography, laser dopplerflowmetry and direct monitoring of arterial pressure for conducting pharmacological tests in rats
Authors: Soldatov Vladislav O. , Malorodova Tatyana N. , Balamutova Tatiana I. , Ksenofontov Andrey O. , Dovgan’ Anton P. , Urozhevskaya Zhanna S. 
Published: April 2018

Introduction: The importance of the problem of endothelial dysfunction makes it essential to improve approaches to its evaluation. Due to the high diagnostic potential of ultrasound dopplerography, this method is promising in the study of endothelial function.
Objective:To study endothelial function when conducting vascular pharmacological tests in the norm and with the blockade of the nitric oxide synthesis by means of the ultrasound method for examining the central blood flow velocity in the femoral artery of the rat in comparison with changes of systemic haemodynamics and microcirculation velocity in the medial vastus muscle using laser Doppler flowmetry.
Materials and methods: In the norm and in conditions of deficiency of endogenous nitric oxide, three methods for assessing haemodynamics were used simultaneously: 1) dopplerography using the ultrasoundDoppler system (Minimax-Doppler-K, St Petersburg); 2) laser doppler flowmetry using the TDS144 sensor (Biopac MP-150, USA); 3) recording the arterial pressure in the carotid artery by means of a catheter connected to a TDS-160-A sensor (Biopac MP-150, USA). To study the vasoregulatory function of the endothelium under conditions of multicomponent monitoring of haemodynamics, functional vascular tests were performed using acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside.
Results: Quantification of endothelial dysfunction when conducting pharmacological tests with endothelium-dependent (acetylcholine) and endothelium-independent (sodium nitroprusside) vasodilation is most significant when calculating the coefficient reflecting the ratio of areas of vascular response. Theblood flow velocity parameters recorded by using Doppler ultrasound showed a high correlation level with both arterial pressure and with a linear microcirculation rate. The most comprehensive dopplerographic indices for evaluating the function of the endothelium by conducting pharmacological tests in the norm and in the case of pathology, are the estimated systolic-diastolic difference in blood flow velocities (ΔVs-Vd) in the femoral artery. The study of the endothelial function when conducting vascular pharmacological tests in the norm and with nitric oxide synthesis blockaded, by means of the ultrasound examination of the central blood flow velocity in the femoral artery, is comparable to changing the haemodynamics parameters as well as velocity in microcirculation of the medial vastus muscle using laser Doppler flowmetry.
Conclusions: Ultrasonic dopplerography using the Minimax-Doppler-K device reflects the systemic and local vascular response to the administration of vasodilators both in the norm and with the blockade of the nitric oxide synthesis and makes it possible to conduct an informative assessment of the endothelial function.
Le changement de la politique de l’énergie post‑Fukushima au Japon : une articulation policy/politics ambiguë
Authors: Tsuchiya Miyuki 
Published: April 2018

Cet article analyse le changement des politiques de l’énergie et l’opérationnalisation de la notion de transition énergétique au Japon, à la suite de l’accident de Fukushima le 11 mars 2011. Dans un système fortement soumis à l’effet d’inertie, il s’agit d’appréhender l’impact d’un focusing event et la capacité au changement de la politique publique de l’énergie japonaise à l’aide de l’articulation des variables politics et policy . L’article analyse ainsi la manière dont la structure politico-bureaucratique se saisit de la question énergétique et les conséquences induites en termes de production des énergies renouvelables et nucléaire. Ainsi, alors que la question atomique a majoritairement été traitée politiquement sous un angle consensuel par les deux partis politiques majoritaires, cet article propose une analyse du développement de la transition énergétique au Japon suite à l’exploitation d’une fenêtre d’opportunité et un changement de la configuration des participants au processus décisionnel.
Is endoscopic repair a successful method in the treatment of CSF Rhinorrhoea? a retrospective study
Authors: Dissanayake S. , Dayasena R. P. 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundCSF rhinorrhoea is an important condition that can lead to morbidity and mortality. The endoscopic method has become the gold standard today for the treatment of nasal CSF fistulae. Many authors have shared their experience in endoscopic CSF leak repair but Sri Lankan data are not available. Hence, it is important to retrospectively audit the Sri Lankan practice. The study aimed at analysing the demographic data and success rates of endoscopic CSF leak repair. MethodologyIt is a retrospective study. Clinical records of all the patients who have undergone endoscopic CSF leak repair at the National Hospital of Sri Lanka during the past 7 years were included in the study. Results29 patients were included in the study. Whilst 20(69%) patients were having spontaneous CSF rhinorrhoea 9(31%) patients had a traumatic aetiology. Out of the patients with spontaneous CSF leak repair 16(80%) were females. The overall success rate of the surgery was 93% which was keeping the international published data. ConclusionEndoscopic CSF repair is a method which is globally accepted and has a very low morbidity and mortality.
Family medicine training in Africa: Views of clinical trainers and trainees
Authors: Jenkins Louis S. , Von Pressentin Klaus 
Published: April 2018

Background: This article reports on the findings of a workshop held at the joint 5th World Organisation of Family Doctors (WONCA) Africa and 20th National Family Practitioners Conference in Tshwane, South Africa, in 2017. Postgraduate training for family medicine in Africa takes place in the clinical workspace at the bedside or next to the patient in the clinic, district hospital or regional hospital. Direct supervisor observation, exchange of reflection and feedback, and learning conversations between the supervisor and the registrar are central to learning and assessment processes.Objectives: The aim of the workshop was to understand how family medicine registrars (postgraduate trainees in family medicine) in Africa learn in the workplace.Methods: Thirty-five trainers and registrars from nine African countries, the United Kingdom, United States and Sweden participated. South Africa was represented by the universities of Cape Town, Limpopo, Pretoria, Sefako Makgatho, Stellenbosch, Walter Sisulu and Witwatersrand.Results: Six major themes were identified: (1) context is critical, (2) learning style of the registrar and (teaching style) of the supervisor, (3) learning portfolio is utilised, (4) interactions between registrar and supervisor, (5) giving and receiving feedback and (6) the competence of the supervisor.Conclusion: The training of family physicians across Africa shares many common themes. However, there are also big differences among the various countries and even programmes within countries. The way forward would include exploring the local contextual enablers that influence the learning conversations between trainees and their supervisors. Family medicine training institutions and organisations (such as WONCA Africa and the South African Academy of Family Physicians) have a critical role to play in supporting trainees and trainers towards developing local competencies which facilitate learning in the clinical workplace dominated by service delivery pressures.
Tuberculosis non-communicable disease comorbidity and multimorbidity in public primary care patients in South Africa
Authors: Peltzer Karl 
Published: April 2018

Background: Little is known about the prevalence of non-communicable disease (NCD) multimorbidity among tuberculosis (TB) patients in Africa.Aim and setting: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of NCD multimorbidity, its pattern and impact on adverse health outcomes among patients with TB in public primary care in three selected districts of South Africa.Methods: In a cross-sectional survey, new TB and TB retreatment patients were interviewed, and medical records assessed in consecutive sampling within 1 month of anti-TB treatment. The sample included 4207 (54.5% men and 45.5% women) TB patients from 42 primary care clinics in three districts. Multimorbidity was measured as the simultaneous presence of two or more of 10 chronic conditions, including myocardial infarction or angina pectoris, arthritis, asthma, chronic lung disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, malignant neoplasms, tobacco and alcohol-use disorder.Results: The prevalence of comorbidity (with one NCD) was 26.9% and multimorbidity (with two or more NCDs) was 25.3%. We identified three patterns of multimorbidity: (1) cardio-metabolic disorders; (2) respiratory disorders, arthritis and cancer; and (3) substance-use disorders. The likelihood of multimorbidity was higher in older age, among men, and was lower in those with higher education and socio-economic status. The prevalence of physical health decreased, and common mental disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder increased with an increase in the number of chronic conditions.Conclusion: High NCD comorbidity and multimorbidity were found among TB patients predicted by socio-economic disparity.
Exploring the South African tax consequences of a residential property lottery
Authors: De Lange Silke , Van Wyk Danielle 
Published: April 2018

Background: Disposing of a residential property by way of a lottery sounds peculiar, but a number of these transactions relating to residential properties in South Africa have recently taken place. As this is not an ordinary way of disposing of and acquiring residential property, it is submitted that it is necessary to explore the tax consequences resulting from such a transaction. Aim: The objective of this article is to explore some of the most pertinent South African tax consequences of such a residential property lottery transaction, from the viewpoint of the owner (‘seller’) who disposes of the residential property and the winner (‘purchaser’) who acquires the residential property in terms of the lottery. Setting: This article examines existing literature in a South African income tax environment to explore the tax consequences resulting from a disposal and acquisition of residential property by way of a lottery. Methods: A non-empirical study, which entails the study of the various South African tax provisions and an application thereof to the facts of the lottery transaction, was conducted. A doctrinal research approach was followed within the realm of exploratory research. Results: Disposing of and acquiring residential property by way of a lottery results in a number of actual tax consequences, as well as a number of uncertainties regarding taxes (referred to as uncertain considerations). Conclusion: The conclusion is reached that the possible tax consequences of such a transaction can create tax risks or can result in unintended tax consequences relating to inter alia income tax (including capital gains tax), transfer duty and donations tax. The insights provided in this article do not always result in conclusive answers but they may, however, result in further research to be conducted, and a number of such areas for further research were identified. Should residential property lottery transactions occur more frequently in South Africa in future, it is recommended that the South African Revenue Services (SARS) issues clear guidance on the tax treatment from the perspective of the owner and the winner of such a transaction to ensure that any uncertainties are dealt with correctly.
Merge Decompositions, Two-sided Krohn–Rhodes, and Aperiodic Pointlikes
Authors: van Gool Samuel J. , Steinberg Benjamin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis paper provides short proofs of two fundamental theorems of finite semigroup theory whose previous proofs were significantly longer, namely the two-sided Krohn-Rhodes decomposition theorem and Henckell’s aperiodic pointlike theorem. We use a new algebraic technique that we call the merge decomposition. A prototypical application of this technique decomposes a semigroup $T$ into a two-sided semidirect product whose components are built from two subsemigroups $T_{1}$, $T_{2}$, which together generate $T$, and the subsemigroup generated by their setwise product $T_{1}T_{2}$. In this sense we decompose $T$ by merging the subsemigroups $T_{1}$ and $T_{2}$. More generally, our technique merges semigroup homomorphisms from free semigroups.
Occurrence of Near-Neutral pH Stress Corrosion Cracking in X80 and X100 Pipe Steels Under Various Cathodic Protection Conditions
Authors: Yan Li , Gravel Jean-Philippe , Kang Jidong , Xu Luyao , Arafin Muhammad 
Published: April 2018

In this work, proof ring tests with a duration of 220 d were performed to investigate the effect of cathodic protection (CP) on the occurrence of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of X80 and X100 pipe steels in near-neutral pH environment. Various CP conditions were used in the study to mimic the possible CP circumstances occurring in the field, i.e., under-protection, standard-protection, and over-protection. Also, the delayed CP conditions, i.e., 110-d without CP followed by 110-d with CP, were applied to simulate the interruptions of CP in the real world. The results showed that a sufficient continuous CP could prevent the occurrence of SCC cracks. Under a given condition X100 steel tended to form deeper cracks than X80 steel. The cracks formed in both X80 and X100 steels exhibited normal/quasi-normal depth distributions. Only a small fraction of cracks would propagate deep into the steel. For X80 steel, with CP no higher than −776 mV, CP exhibited an inhibiting effect on both SCC crack initiation and propagation, and the inhibiting effect increased with CP level. For X100 steel, it was indicated that hydrogen effect played a more significant role in crack initiation compared to that in X80 steel. The application of CP would retard the crack growth in X100 steel, but promote more cracks to form. Under the delayed CP conditions, the growth of cracks developed in X80 steel could be effectively controlled by the delayed CP of −776 mV; for the deeper cracks formed in X100 steel, a CP level higher than −776 mV was needed to achieve an effective control on the growth. For both materials, the delayed CP of −1,126 mV would enhance crack initiation.
De gedeponeerde jaarstukken van controleplichtige rechtspersonen
Authors: Vergoossen Ruud G.A. , Meershoek Ton 
Published: April 2018

De gedeponeerde jaarstukken van grote en middelgrote rechtspersonen over het boekjaar 2015 zijn op een aantal aspecten onderzocht, waaronder de termijnen voor het opmaken en vaststellen van de jaarrekening en het deponeren van de jaarstukken, de volledigheid van de gedeponeerde jaarstukken, de beschikbaarheid van het bestuursverslag en de strekking en inhoud van de door de externe accountant afgegeven verklaring. De gedeponeerde jaarrekening wordt daarnaast op de volgende punten nader onderzocht: het kasstroomoverzicht, het verloopoverzicht eigen vermogen, het gemiddeld aantal werknemers, de bestuurders- en commissarissenbeloning, en de accountantshonoraria.Hoewel er vergeleken met soortgelijke studies uit het verleden sprake is van verbetering, worden de termijnen voor het opmaken, vaststellen en deponeren niet altijd nageleefd en zijn de gedeponeerde jaarstukken niet altijd compleet. Het onderzoek brengt verder aan het licht dat in een aantal gevallen de naleving van wettelijke bepalingen of stellige uitspraken van de Raad voor de Jaarverslaggeving gebrekkig is zonder dat daarvan melding wordt gemaakt in de accountantsverklaring.De onderzoeksbevindingen zijn voor ons aanleiding te pleiten voor een verplichte deponering van het bestuursverslag door grote en middelgrote rechtspersonen en voor een wettelijke verankering van het kasstroomoverzicht.
Increasing awareness about the neonatal care of fathers whose babies are hospitalized in neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Özbey Harun , Kahriman İlknur 
Published: April 2018

Objective: This research was conducted to determine the efficiency of the training given to the fathers whose babies were hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit regarding the improvement of awareness about “Newborn Care” and to develop their awareness about it.Methods: In this experimental study including pre/post tests and control group, the fathers in the experimental group were given theoretical training and brochures about neonatal care. No training was provided to the fathers in the control group. They were only given visually enriched brochures. The data were collected using a father identification form and an information form including questions to determine the knowledge levels of the fathers level about newborn care. In the analysis of the data, numbers, percentages, distributions, Wilcoxon test for the comparison of pre/post training scores, Mann-Whitney U test for the comparison of two independent groups, and chi-square test for the comparison of socio-demographic characteristics of fathers were used. The significance level was accepted as p < .05. Institutional and ethics committee permissions were obtained for the research.Results: While pre-training knowledge scores of the fathers in the experimental and control groups were 12.24 ± 12.24 and 12.48 ± 8.46 respectively, their post training scores increased up to 42.98 ± 3.70 and 18.60 ± 6.05 and the difference between them was statistically significant (Z = -6.157, p = .00; Z = -5.297, p = .00). When the experimental and control groups were compared in terms of knowledge scores, while the pre-training scores were found similar, the post training scores in the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group (p = .23, p = .00, respectively).Conclusions: According to these data, the training given to the fathers was found to be effective and their awareness of basic new born care increased.
Glue masquerading as a catheter: Retrieval of embolized vertebroplasty cement
Authors: Narayanan Meena Rohini , Matthews Ray 
Published: April 2018

Identification of foreign body objects may be difficult based on imaging characteristics. History is essential to making a diagnosis. Cement leakage is a common complication of percutaneous vertebroplasty and the optimal management for cement embolism remains unknown. This report presents a case of a 72-year-old female with asymptomatic pulmonary cement embolism, which was partially retrieved via a percutaneous endovascular approach.
Avaliação da eficiência na atenção básica à saúde no Estado da Paraíba: uma análise via modelo de regressão beta inflacionado
Authors: Silva Camila Ribeiro , Souza Tatiene Correia , Lima Caliandra Maria Bezerra Luna 
Published: April 2018

This article aims to identify the factors that influence the efficiency of the municipalities of the state of Paraíba, regarding the management of health resources, more specifically, primary care. For this, we used the inflated beta regression model (0,1] to explain the efficiency in basic care in the municipalities of Paraíba. The results show that municipalities with larger populations, better conditions for basic sanitation and with a higher FIRJAN index of municipal health development, tend to be more efficient in the management of resources related to basic care. On the other hand, municipalities with greater number of medical consultations per health establishment tend to be less efficient. Full efficiency in the management of primary health care resources was shown to be closely related to FIRJAN index of municipal education development
Tempo de Protrombina como Marcador Precoce de Mortalidade em Pacientes Admitidos à Unidade de Terapia Intensiva
Authors: Araújo Nayana Camurça de , Souza Benilton Batista de , Peixoto Junior Arnaldo Aires 
Published: April 2018

<p><span style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; color: #111111;"><span style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 21.8125px;">Introdução: O tempo de protrombina é um marcador da via extrínseca da coagulação, podendo refletir alterações na </span></span><span style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 21.8125px; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif;">microcirculação. O objetivo deste estudo foi estabelecer uma associação entre o tempo de protrombina à admissão dos pacientes </span><span style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 21.8125px; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif;">internados em unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) e seu prognóstico. Metodologia: Estudo retrospectivo com análise de 278 </span><span style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 21.8125px; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif;">pacientes admitidos consecutivamente na UTI, durante o período de 01 de janeiro de 2010 a 31 de janeiro de 2011. Resultados: </span><span style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 21.8125px; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Houve discreto predomínio do sexo feminino, com idade média de 56,9 ± 20,5 anos. O tempo médio de permanência foi 7,9 ± 7,3</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; color: #111111;"><span style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 21.8125px;">dias e o APACHE II médio foi de 21,9 ± 9,0 pontos. Os pacientes com mortalidade precoce (primei¬ras 48h de UTI) tiveram maior </span></span><span style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 21.8125px; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif;">valor do tempo de protrombina, expresso por meio do INR (2,48 ± 1,9) que os sobreviventes (1,4 ± 0,5); p < 0,05. Conclusões: </span><span style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 21.8125px; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif;">O tempo de protrombina se revelou significati¬vamente maior entre os pacientes que faleceram preco¬cemente, sugerindo ser </span><span style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 21.8125px; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif;">um marcador prognóstico.</span></p>