bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some Spectacular Sums of Fractions
Authors: Schumer Peter D 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A nice discourse (without detailed proofs) is given for some wonderful mathematical formulas due to several mathematicians representing different nationalities and different centuries: First, we discuss William Brouncker’s infinite simple continued fraction
$\frac{4}{\pi}$ = 1 + $\frac{{{1^2}}}{{2 + \frac{{{3^2}}}{{2 + \frac{{{5^2}}}{{2 + {\text{ }}\frac{{{7^2}}}{{2 + \frac{{{9^2}}}{{2 + .~.~. }}}}}}}}}}$
Next, we discuss Leonhard Euler’s infinite simple continued fraction expansion for the number e, namely e = [2; 1, 2, 1, 1, 4, 1, 1, 6, 1, 1, 8, 1, 1, . . .] and some infinite continued fractions for pi due to Christian Goldbach. Finally, we include several mind-blowing sums due to Srinivasa Ramanujan. Here are two representative examples:
Hopefully, the final chapter will spur some readers to learn more.
The Swirl of Emotion Among Us: Affect, the Voice, and Performance Training
Authors: Hamel Christine , Cahill Ann J 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Our recent theory of intervocality (Cahill and Hamel 2018, 2021) provided a new model of voice as material, relational, and socially constructed. However, our work did not substantially address the complex relationship between voice and emotion, or how that complex relationship could be taken up more effectively and ethically in actor training and the theater studio. Utilizing insights from affect theory, cultural psychology, and affective neuroscience, this article argues for the need for pedagogies that substantively engage with the cultural specificity of emotion, affect, and voice to create more just practices and experiences within the training studio and in performance.
High-risk plaques in non-culprit lesions and clinical outcome after NSTEMI vs. STEMI
Authors: Volleberg Rick H J A , Mol Jan-Quinten , Belkacemi Anouar , Hermanides Renicus S , Meuwissen Martijn , Protopopov Alexey V , Laanmets Peep , Krestyaninov Oleg V , Laclé Casper F , Oemrawsingh Rohit M , van Kuijk Jan-Peter , Arkenbout Karin , van der Heijden Dirk J , Rasoul Saman , Lipsic Erik , Rodwell Laura , Camaro Cyril , Damman Peter , Roleder Tomasz , Kedhi Elvin , van Leeuwen Maarten A H , van Geuns Robert-Jan M , van Royen Niels 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Aims
Complete non-culprit (NC) revascularisation may help reduce recurrent events after non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), especially if NC lesions would harbour high-risk plaque (HRP) features similar to ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). This study aimed to assess differences in fractional flow reserve (FFR)-negative NC plaque morphology in patients presenting with NSTEMI vs. STEMI and assess the association of HRP morphology and clinical outcome.

Methods and results
In the prospective PECTUS-obs study, 438 patients presenting with myocardial infarction (MI) underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT) of all FFR-negative intermediate NC lesions. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE, composite of all-cause mortality, non-fatal MI or unplanned revascularisation) at 2-year follow-up. Four hundred and twenty patients had at least one analysable OCT, including 203 (48.3%) with NSTEMI and 217 (51.7%) with STEMI. The prevalence of HRPs, including thin-cap fibroatheromas, plaque rupture, and thrombus, was comparable between groups. MACE occurred in 29 (14.3%) NSTEMI patients and 16 (7.4%) STEMI patients (Puni-variable = 0.025 and Pmulti-variable = 0.270). Incidence of MACE was numerically higher among patients with HRP, irrespective of the clinical presentation at index (Pinteraction = 0.684). Among HRP criteria, plaque rupture was associated with MACE in both NSTEMI (P &lt; 0.001) and STEMI (P = 0.020).

Conclusion
Presence of NC HRP is comparable between NSTEMI and STEMI and leads to numerically higher event rates in both. These results call for additional research on complete revascularisation in NSTEMI and treatment of HRP.

Clinical trial registration
NCT03857971
Are EU member states ready for the European Health Data Space? Lessons learnt on the secondary use of health data from the TEHDAS Joint Action
Authors: Kessissoglou Irini A , Cosgrove Shona M , Abboud Linda A , Bogaert Petronille , Peolsson Michael , Calleja Neville 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The proposal for a regulation on the European Health Data Space (EHDS) contains provisions that would significantly change health data management systems in European member states (MS). This article presents results of a country mapping exercise conducted during the Joint Action ‘Towards the European Health Data Space’ (TEHDAS) in 2022. It presents the state-of-play of health data management systems in 12 MS and their preparedness to comply with the EHDS provisions. The country mapping exercise consisted of virtual or face-to-face semi-structured interviews to a selection of key stakeholders of the health information systems. A semi-quantitative analysis of the reports was conducted and is presented here, focusing on key aspects related to the user journey through the EHDS. This article reveals a heterogenous picture in countries’ readiness to comply with the EHDS provisions. There is a need to improve digitalization and quality of health data at source across most countries. Less than half of the countries visited have or are developing a national datasets catalogue. Although the process to access health data varies, researchers can analyse health data in secure processing environments in all countries visited. Most of the countries use a unique personal identifier for health to facilitate data linkage. The study concluded that the current landscape is heterogeneous, and no member state is fully ready yet to comply with the future regulation. However, there is general political will and ongoing efforts to align health data management systems with the provisions in the EHDS legislative proposal.
Defining vulnerabilities and enabling community engagement in epidemics preparedness: the CAVE model from Austria
Authors: Grohma Paul , Wojczewski Silvia , Juen Barbara , Riedel Priya-Lena , Seufert Frederik , Streifeneder Vanessa , Reichel Steffen , Pichler Sandra , Kulcar Vanessa , Nestlinger Sandra , Stickler Monika , Schober Cornelia , Scheller Hermann , Kutalek Ruth 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
During the COVID-19 outbreak the transdisciplinary research project CAVE (Community Engagement and Vulnerability Assessment in Epidemics) investigated perceptions and practicability of public health communication among stakeholders of care and social facilities in Austria. It aimed at finding accurate definitions of vulnerability in the context of epidemics and at developing operational models for engagement of vulnerable groups in co-creating epidemic response mechanisms. Transdisciplinary methods included semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and desk reviews as well as spatial analysis and composite indicator-based mapping methods. Informants and participants in the community engagement phase represented clients as well as middle and lower management levels of Austrian care and social facilities for older persons and persons with cognitive impairments, persons depending on mobile healthcare services, homeless people, and socially deprived communities. A narrow definition of vulnerability as well as missing strategies for participation and community engagement limited communication with stakeholders and the implementation of protective measures. An inclusive definition of vulnerability beyond medical and physical indicators should be employed to account for social, psychological, and emotional aspects contributing to a higher risk of being affected by epidemics. The CAVE model provides a multi-level definition of vulnerability that allows for participatory engagement in co-creating adapted crisis response measures. We suggest policymakers and health authorities to consider a broader definition of vulnerability and to commit to pro-active engagement with stakeholders representing these sectors. This requires the establishment and maintenance of communication structures as well as political recognition of civic participation in the creation and implementation of epidemic response measures.
Towards the integration of environmental DNA analysis to profile the upper mesopelagic fish layer in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Tibone Maddalena , Cariou Thibault , O'Donnell Ciaran , Stefanni Sergio , Aguzzi Jacopo , O'Neill Bernadette , Reid David , Mirimin Luca 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Interest in mesopelagic fish layers is on the rise due to the potential exploitability of their macrofauna; hence, profiling their fish community is crucial to enable the sustainability of future fishing practices. In this context, a dedicated survey was carried out in September 2022 along the Irish shelf break, where fishing (catch) and eDNA metabarcoding analysis using a portable high-throughput sequencer were performed to investigate the fish community of the upper mesopelagic layer. Catch data showed that the targeted layers consisted mainly of the young-of-the-year cohort of Mueller’s pearlside (Maurolicus muelleri), a mesopelagic fish, with little bycatch. eDNA data reflected the high prevalence of M. muelleri’s eDNA (56%–97% of assigned reads), identified species undetected by fishing, and showed that the least represented species differed in water samples collected before or after fishing activities. While this reflects current limitations of each technique, it also shows that a multidisciplinary approach may provide an increased level of resolution for M. muelleri layer’s ancillary fish community. Findings from the present study provided important insights to further refine sample acquisition and rapid processing of eDNA metabarcoding data, which beholds great potential to corroborate fishing methods when ground truthing acoustic approaches in mesopelagic fish layers assessments.
Asymptomatic Cerebrospinal Fluid HIV-1 Escape: Incidence and Consequences
Authors: Ulfhammer Gustaf , Yilmaz Aylin , Mellgren Åsa , Tyrberg Erika , Sörstedt Erik , Hagberg Lars , Gostner Johanna , Fuchs Dietmar , Zetterberg Henrik , Nilsson Staffan , Nyström Kristina , Edén Arvid , Gisslén Magnus 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
The incidence and clinical relevance of asymptomatic cerebrospinal fluid escape (CSFE) during antiretroviral therapy (ART) is uncertain. We examined the impact and incidence of asymptomatic CSFE in a Swedish HIV cohort.

Methods
Neuroasymptomatic people with HIV (PWH) who have been on ART for at least 6 months with suppressed plasma viral load were followed longitudinally. CSFE was defined as either increased CSF HIV-1 RNA with concurrent plasma suppression or CSF HIV-1 RNA exceeding that in plasma when both were quantifiable. Paired CSF and plasma were analyzed for HIV-1 RNA, neopterin, neurofilament light protein (NfL), white blood cell (WBC) count, and albumin ratio.

Results
Asymptomatic CSFE (cutoff 50 copies/mL) was found in 4 of 173 PWH (2%) and 5 of 449 samples (1%). The corresponding proportions were 8% of PWH and 4% for samples using a 20 copies/mL cutoff for CSF HIV-1 RNA. CSFE samples (cutoff 20 copies/mL) had a 25% higher geometric mean of CSF neopterin (P = .01) and 8% higher albumin ratio (P = .04) compared to samples without CSFE. No differences were observed in CSF NfL levels (P = .8). The odds ratio for increased CSF WBC (≥ 3 cells/μL) in samples with CSFE was 3.9 (P = .004), compared to samples without elevated CSF viral load.

Conclusions
Asymptomatic CSFE was identified in only 4 (2%) PWH, with no cases of continuous CSFE observed. Increased CSF HIV-1 RNA was associated with biomarkers of CNS immune activation and blood-brain barrier impairment, but not with biomarkers of neuronal injury.
Level 2 Modification (Matrix Extension) Study of the Neogen® Molecular Detection Assay 2—Salmonella Enteritidis/Salmonella Typhimurium Method: Detection of Salmonella enterica Ser. Enteritidis and Salmonella enterica Ser. Typhimurium in Cooked Breaded Chicken and Raw Ground Chicken (25 g). AOAC Performance Tested MethodSM 122302
Authors: Le Quynh-Nhi , Mozola Mark , Crowley Erin , Deterding Andrew , Roman Brooke 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
The Neogen® Molecular Detection Assay 2—Salmonella Enteritidis/Salmonella Typhimurium (MDA2-SE/ST) method is a nucleic acid amplification test for specific detection of Salmonella enterica ser. Enteritidis (SE) and Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium (ST), including the ST monophasic variant Salmonella enterica 1,4, [5], 12: i:-, in select poultry samples. Results for SE and ST are generated separately. The method was previously validated for testing of chicken carcass rinse and raw ground chicken (325 g).

Objective
The objective of the study was to validate the MDA2-SE/ST method for detection of SE and ST in cooked breaded chicken and raw ground chicken (25 g) as a Level 2 modification for Performance Tested MethodSM certification.

Methods
Inclusivity/exclusivity testing and independent laboratory testing of cooked breaded chicken and raw ground chicken (25 g) were conducted.

Results
In inclusivity testing with buffered peptone water (BPW-ISO) broth at 41.5°C, all 50 SE strains produced positive results in the SE assay and negative results in the ST assay. All 53 ST strains (including the monophasic variant) produced positive results in the ST assay and negative results in the SE assay. All 35 exclusivity strains produced negative results in both assays. The exclusivity panel included multiple non-SE group D1 Salmonella serovars, multiple non-ST group B serovars, Salmonella spp. from other somatic groups, and other Enterobacteriaceae. In matrix testing, there were no significant differences in the number of positive results obtained with the MDA2-SE/ST and reference methods by probability of detection analysis at the 95% confidence level.

Conclusion
Results of the matrix extension study showed that the MDA2-SE/ST method is an accurate method for detection of SE and ST in cooked breaded chicken and raw ground chicken (25 g).

Highlights
Validation of the MDA2-SE/ST method for two additional matrixes provides users with additional capability for specific detection of SE and ST in poultry products.
Dietary Zanthoxylum bungeanum leaf powder improves growth performance and antioxidant capacity via Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in broilers
Authors: Hu Zhijin , Qiu Yibin , Han Jiahao , Feng Fu , Chu Yunyun , Li Zhangcheng , Jiang Liwen , Sun Zhihong , Wang Lingang , Chen Chen , Tang Zhiru 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study focused on the effects of dietary Zanthoxylum bungeanum leaves (ZBL) powder on the growth performance and antioxidant capacity via the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in broilers. The experiment adopted a single-factor completely random design, and 440 healthy 1-d-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly divided into 4 groups: the control group (CON) was fed a corn–soybean meal-based diet, the CZ1 group was fed a basic diet with 1% ZBL powder, the CZ2 group fed a basic diet with 2% ZBL powder, and the CZ3 group fed a basic diet with 3% ZBL powder. The experiment was divided into the starter period (1 to 21 d) and the grower period (22 to 42 d). There were 5 replicates per group in the starter period, with 22 chickens per replicate. The same grouping as in the starter period was used in the grower period, with 20 chickens per replicate. The results showed that the addition of ZBL powder to the diet had no adverse effects on the growth performance and morphological structure of the intestine of broiler chickens in the CZ1 and CZ2 groups (P &gt; 0.05). Compared with the control group, the diet with 1% and 2% ZBL powder significantly increased the antioxidant indicators such as CAT, T-AOC, and T-SOD in the serum and liver tissue of broiler chickens, it upregulated the related gene expression of nuclear factor erythroid derived-2/heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1) signaling pathway such as Nrf2, NQO1, HO-1, SOD1, and CAT in the jejunal mucosa and enhanced the expression of ZO-1 and OCLN genes in the jejunal mucosa (P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 1% and 2% of ZBL powder in the daily diet can enhance the body’s antioxidant capacity by elevating antioxidant levels in both serum and liver, upregulating the expression of genes associated with the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in the jejunal mucosa, and helps maintain the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier. The optimal addition level of ZBL powder in the diet was determined by quadratic regression analysis to be 1.36% to 1.60% during days 1 to 21 and 1.14% to 1.50% during days 22 to 42.
Dietary glycine supplementation enhances creatine availability in tissues of pigs with intrauterine growth restriction
Authors: Posey Erin A , He Wenliang , Steele Chandler C , Savell Jeffrey W , Bazer Fuller W , Wu Guoyao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with glycine (Gly) enhances the synthesis and availability of creatine (Cr) in tissues of pigs with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). At weaning (21 d of age), IUGR pigs and litter mates with normal birth weights (NBW) were assigned randomly to 1 of the 2 groups, namely, supplementation with 1% Gly or 1.19% l-alanine (isonitrogenous control) to a corn- and soybean meal-based diet. Blood, kidneys, liver, pancreas, jejunum, longissimus lumborum muscle (LLM), and gastrocnemius muscle (GM) were obtained from the pigs within 1 wk after the feeding trial ended at 188 d of age to determine concentrations of guanidinoacetate (GAA), Cr, creatinine, and phosphocreatine (CrP). The organs were also analyzed for activities and mRNA levels for Cr-synthetic enzymes: l-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT; forming GAA from Gly and l-arginine) and guanidinoacetate n-methyltransferase (GAMT; converting GAA and l-methionine into Cr). AGAT activity was present in the kidneys, liver, and pancreas, whereas GAMT activity was found in all the organs analyzed. AGAT and GAMT were most active per gram of tissue in the kidneys and pancreas, respectively. Based on tissue mass, the kidneys had the greatest (P &lt; 0.001) AGAT activity per whole organ, followed by the liver, while skeletal muscle had the greatest (P &lt; 0.001) GAMT activity per whole organ, followed by the liver. Thus, the kidneys played a dominant role in forming GAA, whereas skeletal muscle and liver were the major sites for converting GAA into Cr. Dietary supplementation with 1% Gly enhanced AGAT activity in the kidneys and pancreas but reduced GAMT activity in the pancreas and small intestine, therefore directing GAA to the liver and skeletal muscle for Cr production. IUGR selectively reduced the concentration of Cr in LLM among all the organs studied. Except for the GM that had greater mRNA levels for GAMT in IUGR than in NBW pigs, neither Gly nor IUGR affected mRNA levels for the selected genes in the tissues examined. Collectively, these novel results indicate that dietary Gly intake upregulates the Cr-synthetic pathway in swine.
How host-microbiome/holobiont evolution depends on whether the microbiome affects host lifespan or fecundity
Authors: Brown Alexandra L , Koskella Britt , Boots Mike 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
There is overwhelming evidence that the microbiome can be important to host physiology and fitness. As such, there is interest in and some theoretical work on understanding when hosts and microbiomes (co)evolve so that microbes benefit hosts and hosts favour beneficial microbes. However, the outcome of evolution likely depends on how microbes benefit hosts. Here, we use adaptive dynamics to investigate how host and symbiont evolution depend on whether symbionts increase host lifespan or host reproduction in a simple model of host and symbiont dynamics. In addition, we investigate 2 ways hosts release (and transmit) symbionts: by releasing symbionts steadily during their lifetime or by releasing them at reproduction, potentially increasing symbionts’ chances of infecting the host’s offspring. The former is strict horizontal transmission, whereas the latter is also a form of indirect or “pseudovertical” transmission. Our first key result is that the evolution of symbionts that benefit host fecundity requires pseudovertical transmission, while the evolution of symbionts that benefit host lifespan does not. Furthermore, our second key result is that when investing in host benefits is costly to the free-living symbiont stage, intermediate levels of pseudovertical transmission are needed for selection to favour beneficial symbionts. This is true regardless of fitness effects because release at reproduction increases the free-living symbiont population, which increases competition for hosts. Consequently, hosts could evolve away from traits that favour beneficial symbionts. Generally, our work emphasizes the importance of different forms of vertical transmission and fitness benefits in host, microbiome, and holobiont evolution as highlighted by our prediction that the evolution of fecundity-increasing symbionts requires parent-to-offspring transmission.
Undecidability of the degree structure of primitive recursive m-reducibility
Authors: Kalmurzayev Birzhan S , Bazhenov Nikolay A , Iskakov Alibek M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Let $\mathbf{C}^{pr}_{m}$ be the upper semilattice of degrees of computable sets with respect to primitive recursive $m$-reducibility. We prove that the first-order theory of $\mathbf{C}^{pr}_{m}$ is hereditarily undecidable.
Large and complex X-ray time lags from black hole accretion discs with compact inner coronae
Authors: Uttley Phil , Malzac Julien 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Black hole X-ray binaries in their hard and hard-intermediate states display hard and soft time lags between broad-band noise variations (high-energy emission lagging low-energy and vice versa), which could be used to constrain the geometry of the disc and Comptonizing corona in these systems. Comptonization and reverberation lag models, which are based on light-travel delays, can imply coronae that are very large (hundreds to thousands of gravitational radii, $R_{g}$) and in conflict with constraints from X-ray spectral modelling and polarimetry. Here, we show that the observed large and complex X-ray time lags can be explained by a model where fluctuations are generated in and propagate through the blackbody-emitting disc to a relatively compact ($\sim$10 $R_{g}$) inner corona. The model naturally explains why the disc variations lead coronal variations with a Fourier-frequency dependent lag at frequencies $\lt 1$ Hz, since longer variability time-scales originate from larger disc radii. The propagating fluctuations also modulate successively the coronal seed photons from the disc, heating of the corona via viscous dissipation and the resulting reverberation signal. The interplay of these different effects leads to the observed complex pattern of lag behaviour between disc and power-law emission and different power-law energy bands, the energy-dependence of power-spectral shape, and a strong dependence of spectral-timing properties on coronal geometry. The observed spectral-timing complexity is thus a natural consequence of the response of the disc-corona system to mass-accretion fluctuations propagating through the disc.