bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methods of habitat reports’ evaluation
Authors: Harasymiuk Jolanta , Hanna Szafranko Elżbieta , Tyburski Jan 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
A building investment, especially in nature valuable areas, is almost always inseparable with a bigger or smaller environmental interference. For a few years there are legal regulations created to protect these areas. One of them is the requirement to conduct a habitat evaluation and to prepare a habitat report if there is a indication of significant impact on the Natura 200 site. The quality of such a report is crucial for completion an investment in a chosen localisation as well as for shortening a preparation stage with respect to environmental requirements. A defective report can result in a agreement refusal of investment completion conditions of an investment by an authorised body, and can be a reason for protests of a community which is affected by the planned investment. A well-made report, on the other hand, results in a smooth acceptance of the project without the need for consultation of the investor with the proceeding body and saving the cost of correction of a defective documentation. An review of the literature done by the authors and the talks carried out with the staff making an assessment of reports of an impact on Natura 2000 sites showed the lack of common use in practise of a formalised set of criteria of evaluation of such documents. The aim of the study was to prepare a set of evaluation criteria for reports on environmental impact on Natura 2000 sites. The set was tested on already made reports and it showed their basic omissions and disparities. The set prepared can be used by an investor in the course of making a report. It can be also a useful tool for a verifying clerk while evaluating a report for its completeness and adequacy. On the basis of the prepared set of evaluation criteria, a procedure was proposed allowing an impartial verification of reports. As a result of analyses made, a procedure was worked out which is presented in the diagram concluding this paper.
On a Stochastic Regularization Technique for Ill-Conditioned Linear Systems
Authors: Moura Henrique Gomes , Junior Edson Costa , Lenzi Arcanjo , Rispoli Vinicius Carvalho 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Knowledge about the input–output relations of a system can be very important in many practical situations in engineering. Linear systems theory comes from applied mathematics as an efficient and simple modeling technique for input–output systems relations. Many identification problems arise from a set of linear equations, using known outputs only. It is a type of inverse problems, whenever systems inputs are sought by its output only. This work presents a regularization method, called random matrix method, which is able to reduce errors on the solution of ill-conditioned inverse problems by introducing modifications into the matrix operator that rules the problem. The main advantage of this approach is the possibility of reducing the condition number of the matrix using the probability density function that models the noise in the measurements, leading to better regularization performance. The method described was applied in the context of a force identification problem and the results were compared quantitatively and qualitatively with the classical Tikhonov regularization method. Results show the presented technique provides better results than Tikhonov method when dealing with high-level ill-conditioned inverse problems.
A Framework for Exploring Heterogeneity in University Business Incubators
Authors: Nicholls-Nixon Charlene L. , Valliere Dave 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Globally, business incubators and accelerators have been embraced as important mechanisms to support the growth and development of new ventures. Several typologies have been proposed as a means of classifying their alternate forms. Within these typologies university business incubators (UBIs) are often recognized as a separate, but homogeneous class. Yet taking an isomorphic approach fails to acknowledge that differences among UBIs have implications for how they function and how their performance should be evaluated. Performance evaluation is an important issue as universities come under increasing pressure to demonstrate that the public funding they receive in support of their incubation activities is being put to good use. This paper offers a new perspective for the study of UBIs that focuses on their heterogeneity. We develop a framework that posits two competing narratives for UBIs, commercial and educational, that represent extremes on a continuum where hybrid configurations are also possible. Our framework demonstrates that these narratives offer a systematic explanation of differences in UBIs, have implications for performance evaluation, and suggest directions for future research aimed at advancing our understanding of variation in the way UBIs are configured and managed.
The impact of arthritis on the educational and early work experiences of young people: a qualitative secondary analysis
Authors: Farre Albert , Ryan Sara , McNiven Abigail , McDonagh Janet E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionYoung people’s transition into adulthood is intertwined with the worlds of education and work. Poor health in adolescence has been associated with poorer education and employment outcomes in adulthood. This paper explores the impact of arthritis on the educational and early work experiences of young people with arthritis.MethodsWe undertook a supplementary secondary analysis of a qualitative dataset comprising narrative and semi-structured interviews of 39 young people who had been diagnosed with arthritis in childhood, adolescence or young adulthood.ResultsOur findings illustrate how young people living with arthritis are faced with a range of added disruptions and challenges in their educational/vocational lives. There is an important element of resilience associated with the process of making a career choice and acting upon personal aspirations. Appropriate support and flexibility in the workplace/educational setting can enable successful outcomes, but disclosure is not a straightforward process for young people living with arthritis.ConclusionsIt is paramount that health providers consistently and effectively address self-advocacy skills with the young person, particularly during educational and vocational transitions. Alongside this, there is the need to further strengthen the health-school/work interface to ensure that young people living with chronic illness can meet their full potential in adulthood.
Fractional Navier–Stokes Equation from Fractional Velocity Arguments and Its Implications in Fluid Flows and Microfilaments
Authors: El-Nabulsi Rami Ahmad 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
A new fractional Navier–Stokes equation is constructed based on the notion of fractional velocity recently introduced in the literature. Its implications in fluid mechanics were discussed. In particular, the Couette and the Poiseuille flows and some insights of fluid flow in microfilaments were addressed accordingly.
Ultrasound-guided lymphangiography and interventional embolization of chylous leaks following esophagectomy
Authors: Lambertz Rolf , Chang De-hua , Hickethier Tilman , Bagheri Mahsa , Leers Jessica M. , Bruns Christiane J. , Schröder Wolfgang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectivesPostoperative chylothorax is a serious complication after transthoracic esophagectomy, and is associated with major morbidity due to dehydration and malnutrition. For patients with high-output fistula, re-thoracotomy with ligation of the thoracic duct is the treatment of choice. Radiologic interventional management is an innovative procedure that has the potential to replace surgery in the treatment algorithm.MethodsFour patients with high-output chylous leaks following esophagectomy are presented. Ultrasound-guided lymphangiography with embolization of the thoracic duct and/or disruption of the cisterna chyli was performed to occlude the leakage site. Radiologic interventions and procedure-related outcomes are described in detail.ResultsIn all four patients, ultrasound-guided lymphangiography of the groin with injection of Lipiodol was able to detect and visualize the leakage site in the lower mediastinum. In three patients, the leak could be successfully occluded by Lipiodol embolization. In one patient, embolization failed and the disruption technique was successfully performed. No procedure-related complications were observed.ConclusionsIn case of a postoperative chylothorax, radiologic intervention is feasible and safe. The procedure is indicated for high-output chylous fistulas after esophagectomy, and should be applied early after the diagnosis of this postoperative complication.
METTL3 promotes the proliferation and mobility of gastric cancer cells
Authors: Lin Sen , Liu Jianing , Jiang Wen , Wang Peng , Sun Chao , Wang Xuexiang , Chen Yuan , Wang Hongbo 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) was originally known to be responsible for N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of mRNA. Recent studies have found that METTL3 plays important roles in a variety of tumors by regulating the translation of oncogenes. However, the functional and regulating mechanisms of METTL3 in human gastric cancer have not yet been understood. Here we knocked down METTL3 in human gastric cancer cell lines, AGS and MKN45, by using shRNA transfection. RT-qPCR assay and western blotting verified the effectiveness of RNA interference on mRNA and protein levels, respectively. Then we found that METTL3 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion in AGS and MKN45 cells. Moreover, METTL3 knockdown decreased Bcl2 and increased Bax and active Caspase-3 in gastric cancer cells, which suggested the apoptotic pathway was activated. Mechanistic investigation suggested that METTL3 led to inactivation of the AKT signaling pathway in human gastric cancer cells, including decreased phosphorylation levels of AKT and expression of down-stream effectors p70S6K and Cyclin D1. In conclusion, our study reveals that down-regulation of METTL3 inhibits the proliferation and mobility of human gastric cancer cells and leads to inactivation of the AKT signaling pathway, suggesting that METTL3 may be a potential target for the treatment of human gastric cancer.
Mass transfer around a slender drop in a nonlinear extensional flow
Authors: Favelukis Moshe 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMass transfer around a slender drop in a nonlinear extensional and creeping flow is theoretically studied. The fluid mechanics problem is governed by three dimensionless parameters: The capillary number (Ca≫ 1), the viscosity ratio (λ≪ 1), and the nonlinear intensity of the flow (|E| ≪ 1). The transfer of mass around such a drop is studied for the two asymptotic cases of large and zero Peclet numbers (Pe). The results show that as the capillary number increases, the drop becomes longer, thinner, its surface area increases, leading to larger mass transfer rates, especially at large Peclet numbers, since then convection contributes to the overall mass transfer as well. Taking a slender inviscid drop (λ= 0) in a linear extensional flow (E= 0) as our reference case, we find that the addition of nonlinear effects to the flow sometimes increases (Eλ−1Ca−2< 64/9) and sometimes decreases (Eλ−1Ca−2> 64/9) the rate of mass transfer.
Formation of highly quaternized N,N,N-trimethylchitosan: a chemoselective methodology in aqueous media
Authors: Soubaneh Youssouf D. , Ouellet Steeven , Dion Caroline , Gagnon Jonathan 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

N,N,N-Trimethylchitosan (TMC) represents a rare example of cationic polysaccharides and numerous studies have shown its potential in biological and biomedical applications. TMC with high degrees of quaternization (DQ) were synthesized from N-methylation of N,N-dimethylchitosan (DMC), which was obtained by reductive alkylation of high molecular weight chitosan in a simple step process and in good yields. The effects of base and solvents were evaluated on the quaternization reaction. The N-methylation of DMC was performed selectively by CH3I and carbonate in water where quaternization was achieved quantitatively with a low degree of O-methylation (17 %). Moreover, the greener procedure allows easy recovery and purification by conventional filtration as a carbonate salt, in which the anion can be exchanged by an acid-base reaction. Quantification of DQ involving 1H NMR integration of methyl peaks must be performed on protonated TMC. High field NMR spectra of TMC showed two specific chemical shifts for anomeric peaks (5.0 and 5.4 ppm) that can also be used for the determination of DQ. This latter method avoids the superimposition problems with other pyranosyl peaks.
Novel terpolymers containing carbazole, coumarin and Alq3 complexes
Authors: Bogdal Dariusz , Galica Mateusz 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In this paper, the synthesis of terpolymers bearing carbazole, coumarin and 8-hydroxyquinoline moiety as pendant groups with content of coumarin and 8-hydroxyquinoline between 0.5 and 4 mol% was elaborated. Then the terpolymers underwent complexation reactions with aluminum bis(8-hydroxyquinoline)isopropoxylate (Alq2ispr) to form polymeric hybrid materials with aluminum tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) (Alq3) as side groups. The presence of carbazole, coumarin (MK) and 8-hydroxyquinoline (QM) as well as Alq3 in the terpolymers was confirmed by NMR, UV, photoluminescence, and size exclusion chromatography. The results indicates that these hybrid polymers have moderate molecular weights and solubility in common organic solvents. For photoluminescence spectra, an evidence for energy transfer from carbazole to coumarin and Alq3 groups was observed and highest relative fluorescence intensity was exhibited by solutions of the terpolymers containing the lowest content of MK, QM and Alq3.
Creep and dynamic mechanical behavior of cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol reinforced with cotton fiber laminate composites
Authors: Jain Naman , Ali Shubhan , Singh Vinay K. , Singh Komal , Bisht Nitesh , Chauhan Sakshi 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The objective of this investigation was to fabricate cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) based laminate composites reinforced with biaxial cotton sheets. Cross-linking was done with sulfuric acid, to overcome the water solubility of PVA. A water uptake test was performed to evaluate the effect of cross-linking on the water absorption properties of the composites. Morphology, distribution and bonding between the matrix and reinforcement of the fabricated composites were studied using scanning electron microscopy. Mechanical properties such as the tensile strength (TS), modulus of elasticity and elongation of the fabricated composites material were evaluated. There was about a 56.25% increase in the TS of the cross-linked composite as compared to the neat PVA, and at 64 wt.% of cotton fiber, there was about a 56% increase in the TS as compared to the cross-linked PVA. The thermal degradation analysis of fabricated composites material was carried out by thermogravimetric analysis. The thermal stability increased with increase in cotton fiber wt.%. The viscoelastic properties of the fabricated composites material were determined by dynamic mechanical analysis. The effects of stress (4 MPa, 6 MPa and 8 MPa) and temperature (20°C and 40°C) on creep and recovery behavior of the laminated composites were studied.
Nitric oxide-releasing molecules at the interface of inorganic chemistry and biology: a concise overview
Authors: Mir Jan Mohammad , Malik Bashir Ahmad , Maurya Ram Charitra 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe useful aspects of nitric oxide (NO) are nowadays widely known. Due to the need for this molecule in the maintenance of homeostasis, NO-releasing compounds are tested every year to optimize its levels in a patient suffering from low NO production. This manuscript is an update of some important historical concerns about nitrosyl complexes having the ability to act as NO-releasing compounds under the influence of different chemically modified environments. At present, the search for efficient and less harmful NO-releasing molecules at desirable targets and concentrations has gained considerable momentum in nitrosyl chemistry. Iron, ruthenium, and manganese nitrosyls have been investigated elitely to disentangle their electronic transition (excitation) under visible light to act as NO donors without harming the healthy cells of a target. There is much evidence supporting the increase of NO lability if amino acids are used as complexing ligands, the design of a reduction center close to an NO grouping, and the development of porphyrin system-based nitrosyl complexes. From the overall survey, it may be concluded that the desirable properties of such scaffolds need to be evaluated further to complement the biological milieu.
National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, modified Rankin Scale, and modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction as autonomy predictive tools for stroke patients
Authors: Pego-Pérez Emilio Rubén , Fernández-Rodríguez Isaac , Pumar-Cebreiro José Manuel 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWhereas mortality from ischemic stroke is decreasing in all age groups, the prevalence of stroke continues to increase. Its increasing incidence in the younger population adds to the large number of survivors who will live many years with their disabilities related to stroke. Thus, the objectives of this study are to determine the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and the modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) as adequate prognostic functionality tools for stroke patients and to analyze the relation between stroke and rehabilitation. This study involved a systematic review. We obtained articles found on Google Scholar and MEDLINE and published from January 2008 to May 2018. The functionality of the patient after a stroke is associated with the likelihood of a hospital readmission, which should be taken into account during the diagnosis. Patients with poor functionality at discharge are also more likely to need long-term care and intensive rehabilitation plans. The severity of the initial stroke is a primary determinant of the clinical outcome. The NIHSS, mRS, and mTICI appear to be predictive tools of the functionality of the patient with ischemic stroke, especially in the acute phase. Rehabilitation demonstrates better results in reducing disability and greater participation of affected people.
Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) for acute low back pain: systematic review
Authors: Binny Justine , Joshua Wong Ngar Lok , Garga Shirali , Lin Chung-Wei Christine , Maher Chris G. , McLachlan Andrew J. , Traeger Adrian C. , Machado Gustavo C. , Shaheed Christina Abdel 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background and aims
There has been no comprehensive evaluation of the efficacy of transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) for acute low back pain (LBP). The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the efficacy and safety of TENS for acute LBP.

Methods
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CENTRAL, CINAHL and PsycINFO (inception to May 2018) for randomised placebo controlled trials. The primary outcome measure was pain relief in the immediate term (within 2-weeks of administration) assessed using the 100 mm visual analogue scale. A mean difference of at least 10 points on the 100-point pain scale was considered clinically significant. Methodological quality of the eligible studies was assessed using the PEDro scale and overall quality assessment rating was assessed using GRADE.

Results
Three placebo controlled studies (n = 192) were included. One low quality trial (n = 63) provides low quality evidence that ~30 min treatment with TENS in an emergency-care setting provides clinically worthwhile pain relief for moderate to severe acute LBP in the immediate term compared with sham TENS [Mean Difference (MD) – 28.0 (95% CI – 32.7, −23.3)]. Two other studies which administered a course of TENS over 4–5 weeks, in more usual settings provide inconclusive evidence; MD −2.75 (95% CI −11.63, 6.13). There was limited data on adverse events or long term follow-up.

Conclusions
The current evidence is insufficient to support or dismiss the use of TENS for acute LBP.

Implications
There is insufficient evidence to guide the use of TENS for acute LBP. There is low quality evidence of moderate improvements in pain with a short course of TENS (~30 min) during emergency transport of patients to the hospital. Future research should evaluate whether TENS has an opioid sparing role in the management of acute LBP.
Topografiemessung an verkapselten mikroelektromechanischen Systemen mittels Kurzkohärenz-Interferometrie
Authors: Krauter Johann , Stark Jonas , Osten Wolfgang 
Published: March 2019

Zusammenfassung
Mikroelektromechanische Systeme (MEMS) werden heute in einer Vielzahl von Anwendungen eingesetzt. Zur Herstellung von MEMS werden üblicherweise fotolithografische Verfahren eingesetzt. Insbesondere bei sicherheitsrelevanten MEMS, wie z. B. Airbag- oder ESP-Sensoren, ist eine 100 % Inspektion erforderlich. Nach einer optischen Inspektion der MEMS-Strukturen werden diese durch das Bonden eines Silizium-Kappenwafers geschützt. Dieses Bonding oder das anschließende Packaging kann zu einer zusätzlichen Spannung im Waferstapel führen, die die MEMS-Funktion negativ beeinflussen kann. Im Falle eines fehlgeschlagenen elektronischen Tests kann das Problem nicht lokalisiert werden, da der Kappenwafer für die gängigen optischen Oberflächensensoren undurchsichtig ist. In dieser Publikation wird die Herausforderung der optischen Topografiemessung von verkapselten MEMS-Strukturen diskutiert. Dabei werden Defekte wie Verbiegung oder Festklemmen einzelner MEMS-Finger betrachtet. Für diese Messaufgabe wird ein kurzkohärentes Interferenzmikroskop implementiert. Die Wellenlänge liegt im Short-Wave Infrarot (SWIR), da Silizium im Infraroten transparent wird. Die interferometrische Oberflächenmessung der MEMS-Strukturen wird durch den Kappenwafer stark beeinflusst. Hierfür wurden Simulationen durchgeführt, die die systematischen Messabweichungen aufgrund der Kappe zeigen. Eine Möglichkeit zur Korrektur und Reduzierung der systematischen Abweichungen wird ebenfalls beschrieben.
Three-Soliton Interaction and Soliton Turbulence in Superthermal Dusty Plasmas
Authors: Ali Rustam , Chatterjee Prasanta 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Propagation and interaction of three solitons are studied within the framework of the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation. The KdV equation is derived from an unmagnetised, collision-less dusty plasma containing cold inertial ions, stationary dusts with negative charge, and non-inertial kappa-distributed electrons, using the reductive perturbation technique (RPT). Adopting Hirota’s bilinear method, the three-soliton solution of the KdV equation is obtained and, as an elementary act of soliton turbulence, a study on the soliton interaction is presented. The concavity of the resulting pulse is studied at the strongest interaction point of three solitons. At the time of soliton interaction, the first- and second-order moments as well as the skewness and kurtosis of the wave field are calculated. The skewness and kurtosis decrease as a result of soliton interaction, whereas the first- and second-order moments remain invariant. Also, it is observed that the spectral index κ and the unperturbed dust-to-ion ratio μ have great influence on the skewness and kurtosis of the wave field.