bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring implementation of the decisions and judgments of the African Commission and Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights
Authors: Murray Rachel , Long Debra , Ayeni Victor Ayeni , Somé Augustin 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT: It is only relatively recently that attention has been paid to what happens after the African Commission and Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights have issued decisions or judgments, and to the question whether these decisions or judgments actually result in any meaningful change on the ground. Results of a collaborative research project involving desk-based research and interviews with role players on the implementation of the decisions and judgments show that the body monitoring implementation is expected to play various roles. While there has been some movement to establish processes and mechanisms at the regional level to monitor implementation of the Commission and Court’s decisions and judgments, the role that they adopt in monitoring implementation is confused and does not necessarily play to their respective strengths. Perhaps because of this confused state of play, there is an impasse, certainly at the level of the African Commission, in developing further the monitoring of implementation. This article therefore concludes by proposing some pragmatic, low-cost solutions to move monitoring implementation forward on the continent.

TITRE ET RÉSUMÉ EN FRANÇAIS: Suivi de la mise en œuvre des décisions et jugements de la Commission africaine et de la Cour africaine des droits de l’homme et des peuples RÉSUMÉ: L’intérêt accordé au sort des décisions ou arrêts rendus par la Commission africaine et la Cour africaine des droits de l’homme et des peuples est récent. Il en est de même en ce qui concerne la question de savoir si ces décisions ou arrêts ont un impact réel. Les résultats d’un projet de recherche collaboratif impliquant une recherche documentaire et des entretiens avec des acteurs sur la mise en œuvre des décisions et des arrêts montrent que l’organe en charge du suivi de la mise en oeuvre devrait jouer différents rôles. Bien qu’il y ait eu un certain engouement pour établir au niveau régional des processus et des mécanismes de suivi des décisions et arrêts de la Commission et de la Cour, le rôle que les deux organes jouent dans le suivi est confus et ne milite pas nécessairement en faveur de leur renforcement respectif. Sans doute du fait de cette situation confuse, il y a une impasse, certainement davantage au niveau de la Commission africaine, de faire avancer le suivi de la mise en œuvre. Cet article conclut par conséquent en proposant des solutions pragmatiques et peu coûteuses pour aller de l’avant dans le suivi de l’exécution des décisions concernées sur le continent.
Manajemen Pengendalian Gulma Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.): Analisis Faktor- faktor Penentu Dominansi Gulma di Kebun Dolok Ilir, Sumatera Utara
Authors: Simangunsong Yosua Pratama , Zaman Sofyan , Guntoro Dwi 
Published: June 2018

<p> </p>Kegiatan penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperluas pengetahuan dan keterampilan tentang aspek teknis dan manajerial terutama dalam kegiatan manajemen pengendalian gulma. Kegiatan penelitian dilaksankan di Kebun Dolok Ilir, Sumatera Utara pada bulan Februari hingga Juni 2016. Analisis vegetasi pada 5 tahun tanam dengan mengambil 30 contoh pada setiap tahun tanam (TT). Pengamatan faktor iklim mikro dan tingkat kesuburuan dilakukan di kebun Cikabayan IPB. Pengamatan iklim mikro harian dilakukan 5 waktu yang berbeda .Faktor- faktor penentu dominansi gulma dianalisis secara korelasi terhadap NJD gulma yang dominan. Hasil uji faktor- faktor penentu dominasi gulma menunjukkan kegiatan pemupukan berkorelasi negatif pada tingkat dominansi <em>A. aciculatus</em> dan tanaman penutup tanah berkorelasi negatif terhadap tingkat dominansi <em>D. ciliaris.</em><em> A</em>spek edafik, dan iklim mikro tanaman kelapa sawit, tingkat dominansi gulma <em>R. rundana </em>berkorelasi negatif terhadap suhu udara, berkorelasi positif pada kandungan total unsur hara fosfor di dalam tanah. Tingkat dominansi gulma <em>S. plicata </em>berkorelasi positif terhadap kadar KTK tanah, pH tanah. Tingkat dominansi gulma <em>P.polystachion</em> berkorelasi positif terhadap kadar kalium dalam tanah. Tingkat dominansi gulma <em>O. nodosa</em> yang mendominasi pada setiap daerah terbuka berkorelasi positif terhadap tingkat intensitas cahaya, dan berkorelasi negatif terhadap tingkat kelembapan.
Teratogenic Effect of Levetiracetam Drug on the Development of the Kidney in Embryo Rat
Authors: Al-Ibrahimi Lamyaa H. M. , Al-Bakri Nahla A. 
Published: June 2018

The new antiepileptic drugs, levetiracetam (LEV), are used to treat tonic-clonic seizures and myoclonic seizures in adults and children. Thirty pregnant rats were enrolled, which were divided into two groups A control (10), B treated (20). Group (A) were given distilled water orally for 15 days of pregnancy period. The other group was subdivided into two subgroups B1, B2 (each with 10 rats), which were treated with LEV for 14 days for subgroup (B1) and 15 days for the other subgroup (B2). The drug (350 mg/kg/day) is administered orally. Based on our results there was damage in the kidney due to the toxicity of the drug. The histopathological effects is represented by damage of cortical glomeruli in which there were hemorrhage, shrinking, accumulation of glomerular cells, and enlargement of capsular space. Severe malformations in the kidney were observed when the drug is used constantly during the organogenesis stages of pregnancy.
The effect of Larinus maculates F. Cocoon Aqueous Extract in Some Immunological Aspects of Male Albino Mice
Authors: Alasady Zainab Thamer , Al-Shmgania Hanady S. A. , Jwad Muna Shukri Mahmod 
Published: June 2018

Traditional folk medicine is applied in the treatment of diversity chronic and acute conditions all over the worlds. This study was carried out to assess the capability of aqueous beetle cocoon extract (Lorinus maculates F.) commonly known as (Tihan) in stimulating immune response. Adult mice (5 in each group) were divided into two groups: the first one orally administered with 150 mg/kg and the second group received normal saline as a control group for 14 days. Bone marrow and spleen were proceed for mitotic index and phagocytosis estimated. The results showed a significant increase in mitotic index and phagocytosis in treaded mice in comparing with the negative control. These results concluded that Tihan has a potential role in innate immune response.
Theoretical Evaluations of Probability of Photons Yield Depending on Quantum Chromodynamics Theory
Authors: Al-Agealy Hadi J M , Sahib Mudhafar J 
Published: June 2018

Aim of this research is the description with evaluation the photons rate probability at quark-gluon reactions processes theoretically depending on quantum color theory. In high energy physics as well as quantum field theory and quantum chromodynamics theory,they are very important for physical processes. In quark–gluon interaction there are many processes, the Compton scattering, annihilation pairs and quark–gluon plasma. There are many quantum features, each of three and systems that taken which could make a quark–gluon plasma in character system. First, electric quark charge and color quantum charge that’s satisfied by quantum number. Second, the critical temperature and photon energy. Moreover, for such three systems have variety quantum flavor numbers: 2, 3 and 4, the photons rate are evaluated at system energy limited with critical temperature: 144 MeV. However, due to the quark–gluon plasma producing in heavy ions collisions, the photons rate is increasing with decreasing of coupling constant and photons energy in quark-quark interaction systems.
Synthesis, Characterization and Thermal Study of Some Transition Metal Complexes Derived from Quinoxaline-2,3-Dione
Authors: Musa Taghreed M. , A.Al-jibouri Mahmoud Najim , Abbas Bayader Fadhil 
Published: June 2018

The present paper describes the synthesis and structural studies of new transition metal complexes of cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II) and cadmium(II) with two bi dentate ligands derived from quinoxaline-2,3-dione. The two ligands were fully identified by elemental analyses, FT-IR, NMR and UV-Visible spectra. The metal complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) were isolated in the solid state after reactions of their metal chlorides with the ligands in 2:1 mole ratio. The isolated solid metal complexes were characterized with the help of elemental analyses, NMR, FT-IR and UV-Visible spectra. As well as the thermal stability of the coordinated quinoxaline polymers were tested by TG-DSC analysis and it is found that cleavage of terminal moiety was investigated, the strong coordinated bonds between oxygen donor atoms in L1 while nitrogen donor atoms of quinoxaline ring in the L2 with the metal ions. Furthermore, the thermal stability of cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II) and Cd(II) complexes were screened by TG-DSC analysis and the results helped us in the investigation of the proposed structure of the prepared complexes in the formula [M(L)2Cl2].XH2O and [Cd(L)2]Cl2 where L= L1 and L2 ligands derived from quinoxaline-2,3-dione.
Dynamical Study of An SIR Epidemic Model With Nonlinear Incidence Rate and Regress of Treatment
Authors: Majeed Saba Noori 
Published: June 2018

In this research, dynamical study of an SIR epidemical model with nonlinear direct incidence rate (Beddington-De Angelis ) type, and regress of treatment investigated .An analytical study to the model shows that there are two equilibrium points appear, the discussed successfully with sufficient condition, the existence of local bifurcation and Hopf bifurcation was analyzed, finally numerical simulations are done to explain the analytic studies.
Minimax Shrunken Technique for Estimate Burr X Distribution Shape Parameter
Authors: Salman Abbas Najim , Ameen Maymona M. , Abdul-Nabi A. E. 
Published: June 2018

The present paper concern with minimax shrinkage estimator technique in order to estimate Burr X distribution shape parameter, when prior information about the real shape obtainable as original estimate while known scale parameter.
Derivation for Bias Ratio, Mean squared error and the Relative Efficiency equations.
Numerical results and conclusions for the expressions mentioned above were displayed. Comparisons for proposed estimator with most recent works were made.
Common Fixed Points in Modular Spaces
Authors: Abed Salwa Salman , Abdul Sada Karrar Emad 
Published: June 2018

In this paper,there are new considerations about the dual of a modular spaces and weak convergence. Two common fixed point theorems for a -non-expansive mapping defined on a star-shaped weakly compact subset are proved, Here the conditions of affineness, demi-closedness and Opial's property play an active role in the proving our results.
On Contractible J-Saces
Authors: Dawood Narjis A. , Gasim Suaad G. 
Published: June 2018

Jordan curve theorem is one of the classical theorems of mathematics, it states the following : If is a graph of a simple closed curve in the complex plane the complement of is the union of two regions, being the common boundary of the two regions. One of the region is bounded and the other is unbounded. We introduced in this paper one of Jordan's theorem generalizations. A new type of space is discussed with some properties and new examples. This new space called Contractible -space.
Molecular identification and screening of mushrooms for antibacterial property against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Mariselvi M. , Ninganna Earanna 
Published: May 2018

In this study, 18 mushrooms were collected from Gandhi Krishi Vigyana Kendra (GKVK) campus, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore (India) and identified by Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region using National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) data base and screened for antibacterial property against two skin infection causing bacteria viz.,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus in dogs. Eleven mushrooms extract inhibited both the bacteria showing their antimicrobials as broad spectrum while inhibiting gram positive as well as gram negative bacteria. The highest zone of inhibition was recorded from the extract of Lyophyllum sp. The extract of two mushrooms viz., Phlebopus portentosus and Termitomyces sp. inhibited only P. aeruginosa, a gram negative bacterium and the extract of three mushrooms viz., Agaricus sp, Coprinellus disseminates and Agaricus blazei inhibited only S. aureus, a gram positive bacterium, suggesting spectral specificity of their antimicrobial compounds. However, the extracts of two mushrooms viz.,Macrocybe gigantea and Schizophyllum commune did not show inhibition of any of the pathogens. Hence, this study suggests that the occurrence of potential pharmaceuticals in mushrooms can be exploited for control of multidrug resistant bacteria.
Value-addition of silk using natural dye extracted from Lichen (Evernia cirrhatum)
Authors: Rawat Harsha , Sharma Ekta , Fatima Nargis 
Published: May 2018

The natural dyes are used since pre-historic times for colouring the wide varieties of fibres for providing value addition, look and desire of the customer. In this study among the different sources of Lichen, Evernia cirrhatum was used to standardise the dyeing recipe for degummed silk cloth. A series of experiments were conducted to optimize the dyeing variables viz., medium of dye extraction, concentration of dye material, dye extraction time and dyeing time. The dyed fabric was then treated with chemical auxiliaries and fastness test was undertaken. Aqueous medium was used by taking 2 g of E. cirrhatum dye per 100 ml of water with 60 minute extraction time and 60 minute dyeing time was found to be optimum. In case of chemical auxiliaries, 2% of citric acid, 2% of sodium sulphate, 3% of oxalic acid and 4% tartaric acid with simultaneous dyeing method was found as best. It was observed that the dyed silk exhibited good to excellent colour fastness to washing and perspiration, no stain on rubbing and very good for light fastness. The chemical auxiliaries that exhibit best fastness characteristic were sodium sulphate and tartaric acid with fastness grade of good to excellent for washing and perspiration fastness, slight stain to no stain for rubbing fastness and good to very good for light fastness.
Experimental Study on Surface Integrity of Titanium Alloy Ti6Al4V by Ball End Milling
Authors: Kaway Pun Krishna , Zhang Xueping 
Published: June 2018

Titanium alloy, Ti6Al4V, has been widely used in aerospace, automotive, biomedical, and chemical industries due to its exceptional strength to weight ratio, high temperature performance, and corrosion resistance. However, machinability of Ti6Al4V is poor due to high strength at elevated temperatures, low modulus, and low thermal conductivity. Poor machinability of Ti6Al4V deteriorates the surface integrity of the machined surface. Poor surface integrity causes high machining cost, surface defects, initiate cracks, and premature failure of the machined surface. Thus, it is indispensable to obtain better surface integrity when machining titanium alloy Ti6Al4V. Cutting parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut have significant effect on the surface integrity when machining titanium alloy Ti6Al4V. Hence, this study investigates surface integrity of Ti6Al4V by ball end milling at different cutting speeds, feed rates, and depth of cuts. Microstructure of subsurface is studied at different cutting speeds, feed rates, and depth of cuts. The results show that the depth of deformation of subsurface increases with increase in the cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut. Journal of the Institute of Engineering, 2018, 14(1): 115-121
Teaching Poems: Exploring Life Skills
Authors: Dewan Sarita 
Published: May 2018

As a high school teacher, I have always found teaching poems a source of developing language skills and different aspects too, including grammar, vocabulary and even communicative functions. Further, I have a feeling that teaching poems helps to develop creative, critical and analytical skills of students at this level.Reading a poem is not to try to solve or explain what is written; rather it should be a process of demystification so that the students enjoy reading as well as are encouraged to write their own poems. I have often found the expressions of teenagers in the form of poems their frustrations, emotions, empathy and inner feelings — to be one way of sharing unspoken words.This lesson takes an example of a poem from a 10th grade class and focuses on how a lesson on teaching poetry can be taught effectively to enhance creative, critical and analytical skills, and to create awareness of literary devices at secondary and post-secondary levels. The lesson incorporates activities and possible strategies to boost higher levels (analysis, evaluation and creation) of thinking rather than “over emphasizing the language teaching aspects” (Ur, 1996).Journal of NELTA , Vol. 22, No. 1-2, 2017 December, page: 135-139
Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation with DFT study for new thiazole derivatives
Authors: Abbas Sumayah Saadi , Kubba Ammar A.Razzak Mahmood 
Published: June 2018

Two compounds,[2-amino-4-(4-nitro phenyl) 1,3-thiazole],(4) and [2-amino-4-(4-bromo phenyl) 1,3-thiazole],(5), were synthesized by refluxing thiourea (1) with each of para-ntiro and para-bomophanacyl bromides(2) and (3) respectively, in absolute methanol. Then, by reaction of [5] with 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride in dimethylformamide (DMF) yielded (6) .On the other hand, reaction of (4) with chloroacetyl chloride in dry benzene afforded (7), which is upon treatment with thiourea in absolute methanol, afforded (8) . The characterization of the titled compounds were done utilizing FTIR spectroscopy, 1HNMR, CHNS elemental analysis and by measurements of their physical properties. The synthesized compounds had been screened for their, in vitro preliminary antimicrobial activity against four Gram positive bacteria (Staph. aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus pumilus), and four Gram negative bacteria (Pseud.aeroginosa, E.coli, Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae)and three fungi species: (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida Tropicalis and Candida albicans) using a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 100 µg\ml of derivative in dimethylsulfoxide, by well diffusion method.
Compound (6) showed moderate antibacterial activity against some tested Gram positive bacteria (Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus Subtilis) and a moderate antifungal activity towards Candida albicans. Computational study was performed to calculate some of the thermodynamic parameters of synthesized derivatives by using density functional theory (DFT).
Mechanical properties and fracture mechanism of glass fiber/epoxy composites
Authors: Li Jian , Su Haidi , Gao Xueshan , Ju Linfeng 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Glass fiber/epoxy composites exhibit varied behaviors in the Z direction (the direction perpendicular to the layers) and × direction (the direction parallel to the layers). The mechanical properties of these materials, subject to quasi-static compressive and tensile loadings, are investigated using a tensile testing machine and by means of the pasting strain gauge method. The results of the tests show that the compressive strength in the Z direction is higher than that in the × direction, whereas tensile strength exhibits the opposite. A split Hopkinson pressure bar was used to investigate the dynamic behavior of the composite. The strain rate-reinforcement effect of the material can clearly be found. In the Z direction and × direction, compressive strength attains its maximum at a strain rate of 2030 s−1 and 2100 s−1 respectively. The maximum compressive strength in the Z direction is 90 MPa higher than that in the × direction. At the same strain rate, the elastic modulus in the Z direction is higher than that in the × direction, which means that stiffness in the Z direction is higher than that in the × direction. The focus then turns to failure modes and fracture mechanisms of the composite. A scanning electron microscope shows that a macroscopic brittle fracture is mainly caused by fiber breakage and matrix cracking. However, shear failure of the matrix and delamination and buckling of the glass fiber laminates also lead to macroscopic shear failure.
Effect of cell size on the energy absorption of closed-cell aluminum foam
Authors: Xu Jinglin , Liu Jianqing , Gu Wenbin , Wang Zhenxiong , Liu Xin , Cao Tao 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Aluminum foam could be used as a defense against explosion and shock wave. Its energy absorption capability is an important indicator to evaluate its blast resisting ability. But since the impedance of aluminum foam is much lower than that of metal, it is hard to measure its exact stress-strain relation by means of the traditional Split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) method. To evaluate the energy absorption characteristic of aluminum foams of varied cell sizes, an improved SHPB method is proposed. This improved method can enhance the accuracy of the stress-strain curve of aluminum foam and by using a longer striker, might increase the strain on the samples. Two aluminum foams of different cell sizes were selected. The experimental results show that the cell size of the aluminum foam and the strain rate have a significant effect on the compressive characteristics and energy absorption. Smaller cell aluminum foam is stronger than that with larger cells due to fewer flaws in the microstructure. Aluminum foam of a smaller cell size can absorb more energy than larger cell aluminum foam due to higher plateau stress. The energy absorption of smaller cell aluminum foam increases by 42 % at strain rate 3579 s−1 compared with quasi-static compression while larger cell foam increases 55 % at a strain rate of 1586 s−1.
ANDROID APPLICATION FOR DETECTION OF SKIN CANCER USING EXPERT SYSTEM
Authors: Udjaja Yogi 
Published: June 2018

Skin cancer is an abnormal growth of human skin that can damage skin cells. By knowing the symptoms of skin cancer as early as posssible, it is helpful in preventing the spread of cancer cells and treatment. There are many factors that cause skin cancer, but in general the cause is exposure to ultraviolet rays from the sun. Therefore, an expert system application is required to detect skin cancer. By using backward chining and probalility methode; which data is in form of someone’s risk factor and clinical sympthoms, then the application will provide temporary diagnosis. This application is built in an android platfrom because in its development android is more used than other platforms. The accuracy obtained from this application is 96.67%.
THE INFLUENCE OF SERVICE QUALITY, PERCEIVED VALUE AND CORPORATE IMAGE TOWARD INPATIENT SATISFACTION ON PRIVATE HOSPITAL
Authors: Novela Selly , Ronaldy Johanes 
Published: June 2018

The purpose of this research was to determine the influence of service quality, perceived value, and corporate image of the hospital toward inpatient satisfaction of private hospitals in Jabodetabek. This study is categorized as a survey research, where researchers distributed questionnaires to 155 respondents who had been inpatients in private hospitals in Jabodetabek area. The method that used in this research is quantitative method and descriptive analysis. The method used in this research is simple and multiple linear regressions using SPSS v20. The results of this research showed that service quality, perceived value, and corporate image of Private Hospitals in Jabodetabek have significantly affect patient satisfaction on private hospitals in Jabodetabek.