bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy and reliability of digital craniofacial measurements using a small‐format, handheld 3D camera
Authors: Kim A. J. , Gu D. , Chandiramani R. , Linjawi I. , Deutsch I. C. K. , Allareddy V. , Masoud M. I. 
Published: June 2018

Structured AbstractObjectivesCraniofacial assessments often involve three‐dimensional facial imaging using an expensive camera with 6 SLR lenses to analyse the positions and relations of anatomic landmarks. Recently, a 3D small‐format, handheld camera was developed; however, the accuracy and reliability of this system are largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of this system.Materials & MethodsA total of 30 sets of evaluations were completed by 2 examiners on 5 human subjects, using 3 different methods: direct callipers, 3D handheld camera and conventional tripod 3D camera images. Each evaluation included 29 anthropometric landmarks that were used as reference points for facial analysis. Two examiners marked the landmarks directly on the faces and measured linear distances using the 3 measurement methods.ResultsAccuracy analysis was performed for handheld vs direct calliper vs conventional camera measurements. Each of these analyses yielded a grand mean of correlation coefficients of .98. Bias measurements revealed that the handheld and conventional camera methods yielded larger measurements than direct callipers (with a mean difference of 1.74, 1.56 mm, respectively, for rater 1 and 0.94, 1.02 mm, respectively, for rater 2). When compared to one another, both the handheld camera and the conventional camera methods yielded similar values for most measurements, with the average overall difference between these modalities of 0.03 mm for rater 1 and 0.07 mm for rater 2.ConclusionsThe 3D handheld camera showed high accuracy and reliability in comparison with traditional models, indicating that this system may provide a useful tool in craniofacial anthropometry.
Water availability moderates N2 fixation benefit from elevated [CO2]: A 2‐year free‐air CO2 enrichment study on lentil (Lens culinaris MEDIK.) in a water limited agroecosystem
Authors: Parvin Shahnaj , Uddin Shihab , Bourgault Maryse , Roessner Ute , Tausz‐Posch Sabine , Armstrong Roger , O'Leary Garry , Fitzgerald Glenn , Tausz Michael 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIncreased biomass and yield of plants grown under elevated [CO2] often corresponds to decreased grain N concentration ([N]), diminishing nutritional quality of crops. Legumes through their symbiotic N2 fixation may be better able to maintain biomass [N] and grain [N] under elevated [CO2], provided N2 fixation is stimulated by elevated [CO2] in line with growth and yield. In Mediterranean‐type agroecosystems, N2 fixation may be impaired by drought, and it is unclear whether elevated [CO2] stimulation of N2 fixation can overcome this impact in dry years. To address this question, we grew lentil under two [CO2] (ambient ~400 ppm and elevated ~550 ppm) levels in a free‐air CO2 enrichment facility over two growing seasons sharply contrasting in rainfall.Elevated [CO2] stimulated N2 fixation through greater nodule number (+27%), mass (+18%), and specific fixation activity (+17%), and this stimulation was greater in the high than in the low rainfall/dry season. Elevated [CO2] depressed grain [N] (−4%) in the dry season. In contrast, grain [N] increased (+3%) in the high rainfall season under elevated [CO2], as a consequence of greater post‐flowering N2 fixation. Our results suggest that the benefit for N2 fixation from elevated [CO2] is high as long as there is enough soil water to continue N2 fixation during grain filling.
Virologic response with 2 different cidofovir dosing regimens for preemptive treatment of adenovirus DNAemia in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients
Authors: Guerra Sanchez Carlos H. , Lorica Cherish D. , Arheart Kristopher L. , Perez Michelle M. , Tekin Akin , Gonzalez Ivan A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractADV is frequently seen in our pediatric SOT population. It presents in a variety of clinical presentation and can cause severe disease. In this population, there are very few studies to determine the safety of CDV as a potential therapeutic agent. We present the findings of our retrospective study evaluating the efficacy and safety of CDV as 2 separate dosing regimens. Regimen A uses the standard 5 mg/kg once a week (Regimen A), and the second uses the 1 mg/kg 3 times per week (Regimen B). Overall, the dosing regimen did not differ in nephrotoxicity, but Regimen B had a higher, although non‐significant, rate of viral load clearance. This suggests that more frequent dosing at lower levels may be more efficacious without any significant side effects in our SOT population.
Bayesian Inference for Gaussian Graphical Models Beyond Decomposable Graphs
Authors: Khare Kshitij , Rajaratnam Bala , Saha Abhishek 
Published: June 2018

SummaryBayesian inference for graphical models has received much attention in the literature in recent years. It is well known that, when the graph G is decomposable, Bayesian inference is significantly more tractable than in the general non-decomposable setting. Penalized likelihood inference in contrast has made tremendous gains in the past few years in terms of scalability and tractability. Bayesian inference, however, has not had the same level of success, though a scalable Bayesian approach has its strengths, especially in terms of quantifying uncertainty. To address this gap, we propose a scalable and flexible novel Bayesian approach for estimation and model selection in Gaussian undirected graphical models. We first develop a class of generalized G-Wishart distributions with multiple shape parameters for an arbitrary underlying graph. This class contains the G-Wishart distribution as a special case. We then introduce the class of generalized Bartlett graphs and derive an efficient Gibbs sampling algorithm to obtain posterior draws from generalized G-Wishart distributions corresponding to a generalized Bartlett graph. The class of generalized Bartlett graphs contains the class of decomposable graphs as a special case but is substantially larger than the class of decomposable graphs. We proceed to derive theoretical properties of the proposed Gibbs sampler. We then demonstrate that the proposed Gibbs sampler is scalable to significantly higher dimensional problems compared with using an accept–reject or a Metropolis–Hasting algorithm. Finally, we show the efficacy of the proposed approach on simulated and real data. In particular, we demonstrate that our generalized Bartlett methodology can be used for efficient model selection by reducing the graph search space by using penalized likelihood and pseudolikelihood methods.
Turbidites facies response to the morphological confinement of a foredeep (Cervarola Sandstones Formation, Miocene, northern Apennines, Italy)
Authors: Tinterri Roberto , Piazza Alberto 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe Cervarola Sandstones Formation, Aquitanian–Burdigalian in age, was deposited in an elongate, north‐west stretched foredeep basin formed in front of the growing northern Apennines orogenic wedge. As other Apennine foredeep deposits, such as the Marnoso‐arenacea Formation, the stratigraphic succession of the Cervarola Sandstones Formation records the progressive closure of the basin due to the propagation of thrust fronts towards the north‐east, i.e. towards the outer and shallower foreland ramp. This process produces a complex foredeep that is characterized by syn‐sedimentary structural highs and depocentres that strongly influence lateral and vertical turbidite facies distribution. This work describes and discusses this influence, providing a high‐resolution physical stratigraphy with ‘bed by bed’ correlations of an interval ca 1000 m thick, parallel and perpendicular to the palaeocurrents and to the main structural alignments, on an area of ca 30 km that covers the proximal portion of the Cervarola basin in the northern Apennines. The main aim is to show, for the first time ever, a detailed facies analysis of the Cervarola Sandstones Formation, based on a series of bed types that have proven fundamental to understand the morphology of the basin. The knowledge of the vertical and lateral distribution of these bed types, such as contained‐reflected and slurry (i.e. hybrid) beds, together with other important sedimentary structures, i.e. cross‐bedded bypass facies and delamination structures, is the basis for better understanding of facies processes, as well as for proposing an evolutionary model of the foredeep in relation to the syn‐sedimentary growth of the main tectonic structures. This makes the Cervarola Sandstones, like the Marnoso‐arenacea Formation, a typical example of foredeep evolution.
The validity of the 4‐Skills Scan A double‐validation study
Authors: van Kernebeek W. G. , de Kroon M. L. A. , Savelsbergh G. J. P. , Toussaint H. M. 
Published: June 2018

Adequate gross motor skills are an essential aspect of a child's healthy development. Where physical education (PE) is part of the primary school curriculum, a strong curriculum‐based emphasis on evaluation and support of motor skill development in PE is apparent. Monitoring motor development is then a task for the PE teacher. To fulfill this task, teachers need adequate tools. The 4‐Skills Scan is a quick and easily manageable gross motor skill instrument; however, its validity has never been assessed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the construct and concurrent validity of both 4‐Skills Scans (version 2007 and version 2015). A total of 212 primary school children (6‐12 years old) was requested to participate in both versions of the 4‐Skills Scan. For assessing construct validity, children covered an obstacle course with video recordings for observation by an expert panel. For concurrent validity, a comparison was made with the M‐ABC‐2, by calculating Pearson correlations. Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to determine the contribution of each subscale to the construct of gross motor skills, according to the M‐ABC‐2 and the expert panel. Correlations between the 4‐Skills Scans and expert valuations were moderate, with coefficients of .47 (version 2007) and .46 (version 2015). Correlations between the 4‐Skills Scans and the M‐ABC‐2 (gross) were moderate (.56) for version 2007 and high (.64) for version 2015. It is concluded that both versions of the 4‐Skills Scans are satisfactory valid instruments for assessing gross motor skills during PE lessons.
Skeletal maturation, fundamental motor skills, and motor performance in preschool children
Authors: Freitas D. L. , Lausen B. , Maia J. A. , Gouveia É. R. , Antunes A. M. , Thomis M. , Lefevre J. , Malina R. M. 
Published: June 2018

Relationships among skeletal age (SA), body size and fundamental motor skills (FMS) and motor performance were considered in 155 boys and 159 girls 3‐6 years of age. Stature and body mass were measured. SA of the hand‐wrist was assessed with the Tanner‐Whitehouse II 20 bone method. The Test of Gross Motor Development, 2nd edition (TGMD‐2), and the Preschool Test Battery were used, respectively, to assess FMS and motor performance. Based on hierarchical regression analyses, the standardized residuals of SA on chronological age (SAsr) explained a maximum of 6.1% of the variance in FMS and motor performance in boys (ΔR23, range 0.0%‐6.1%) and a maximum of 20.4% of the variance in girls (ΔR23, range 0.0%‐20.4%) over that explained by body size and interactions of SAsr with body size (step 3). The interactions of the SAsr and stature and body mass (step 2) explained a maximum of 28.3% of the variance in boys (ΔR22, range 0.5%‐28.3%) and 16.7% of the variance in girls (ΔR22, range 0.7%‐16.7%) over that explained by body size alone. With the exception of balance, relationships among SAsr and FMS or motor performance differed between boys and girls. Overall, SA per se or interacting with body size had a relatively small influence in FMS and motor performance in children 3‐6 years of age.
Gestational age at birth and wheezing trajectories at 3–11 years
Authors: Leps Caroline , Carson Claire , Quigley Maria A 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveChildren born preterm have an increased risk of asthma in early childhood. We examined whether this persists at 7 and 11 years, and whether wheezing trajectories across childhood are associated with preterm birth.DesignData were from the UK Millennium Cohort Study, which recruited children at 9 months, with follow-up at 3, 5, 7 and 11 years.OutcomesAdjusted ORs (aOR) were estimated for recent wheeze and asthma medication use for children born <32, 32–33, 34–36 and 37–38 weeks’ gestation, compared with children born at full term (39–41 weeks) at 7 (n=12 198) and 11 years (n=11 690). aORs were also calculated for having ‘early-remittent’ (wheezing at ages 3 and/or 5 years but not after), ‘late’ (wheezing at ages 7 and/or 11 years but not before) or ‘persistent/relapsing’ (wheezing at ages 3 and/or 5 and 7 and/or 11 years) wheeze.ResultsBirth <32 weeks, and to a lesser extent at 32–33 weeks, were associated with an increased risk of wheeze and asthma medication use at ages 7 and 11, and all three wheezing trajectories. The aOR for ‘persistent/relapsing wheeze’ at <32 weeks was 4.30 (95% CI 2.33 to 7.91) and was 2.06 (95% CI 1.16 to 2.69) at 32–33 weeks. Birth at 34–36 weeks was not associated with asthma medication use at 7 or 11, nor late wheeze, but was associated with the other wheezing trajectories. Birth at 37–38 weeks was not associated with wheeze nor asthma medication use.ConclusionsBirth <37 weeks is a risk factor for wheezing characterised as ‘early-remittent’ or ‘persistent/relapsing’ wheeze.
Disaster preparedness in French paediatric hospitals 2 years after terrorist attacks of 2015
Authors: Mortamet Guillaume , Lode Noella , Roumeliotis Nadia , Baudin Florent , Javouhey Etienne , Dubos François , Naud Julien 
Published: June 2018

Objective
We aimed to determine paediatric hospital preparedness for a mass casualty disaster involving children in both prehospital and hospital settings. The study findings will serve to generate recommendations, guidelines and training objectives.

Design and setting
The AMAVI-PED study is a cross-sectional survey. An electronic questionnaire was sent to French physicians with key roles in specialised paediatric acute care.

Results
In total, 81% (26 of 32) of French University Hospitals were represented in the study. A disaster plan AMAVI with a specific paediatric emphasis was established in all the paediatric centres. In case of a mass casualty event, paediatric victims would be initially admitted to the paediatric emergency department for most centres (n=21; 75%). Paediatric anaesthesiologists, paediatric surgeons and paediatric radiologists were in-house in 20 (71%), 5 (18%) and 12 (43%) centres, respectively. Twenty-three (82%) hospitals had a paediatric specialised mobile intensive care unit and seven (25%) of these could provide a prehospital emergency response. Didactic teaching and simulation exercises were implemented in 20 (71%) and 22 (79%) centres, respectively. Overall, physician participants rated the level of readiness of their hospital as 6 (IQR: 5–7) on a 10-point readiness scale.

Conclusion
Paediatric preparedness is very heterogeneous between the centres. Based on the study findings, we suggest that a national programme must be defined and guidelines generated.
Comparison of a smartphone-based ECG recording system with a standard cardiac event monitor in the investigation of palpitations in children
Authors: Macinnes Mairi , Martin Nicholas , Fulton Helen , McLeod Karen A 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundThe AliveCor (Kardia) monitor attaches to a smartphone and allows a single-lead ECG to be recorded during symptoms. In 2016, we introduced the use of this smartphone device for investigating palpitations, without syncope, in children. The aim of our study was to review our experience with the smartphone device, comparing it with our previous standard conventional approach to cardiac event monitoring using the Cardiocall monitor, which uses skin electrodes and is given for a finite period.MethodsOver a period of 24 months, 80 smartphone monitors were issued and compared with the most recent 100 conventional event monitors. The number of ECG recordings received, arrhythmias documented, quality of ECG recordings and patient satisfaction were evaluated.ResultsMedian patient age was 11 years in the smartphone monitor group compared with 10 years in the conventional group. Seventy-nine of 80 (98%) patients with a smartphone monitor sent an ECG recorded during symptoms, compared with 62/100 (62%) from the conventional group. A total of 836 ECG recordings were sent from the smartphone monitors compared with 752 from the conventional group. Eight per cent of ECG recordings in each group were of inadequate quality for analysis. Twenty of 80 (25%) patients with a smartphone monitor had documented tachyarrhythmia compared with 6/100 (6%) patients with the conventional monitor (p<0.001). On comparison with the conventional approach, the smartphone monitor outperformed with respect to diagnostic yield and patient satisfaction.ConclusionsA smartphone-based event monitor allows simple, effective, long-term ECG event monitoring in children that is highly acceptable to the patient and parent.
Low energy availability surrogates correlate with health and performance consequences of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport
Authors: Ackerman Kathryn E , Holtzman Bryan , Cooper Katherine M , Flynn Erin F , Bruinvels Georgie , Tenforde Adam S , Popp Kristin L , Simpkin Andrew J , Parziale Allyson L 
Published: June 2018

Low energy availability (EA) is suspected to be the underlying cause of both the Female Athlete Triad and the more recently defined syndrome, Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S). The International Olympic Committee (IOC) defined RED-S as a syndrome of health and performance impairments resulting from an energy deficit. While the importance of adequate EA is generally accepted, few studies have attempted to understand whether low EA is associated with the health and performance consequences posited by the IOC.ObjectiveThe purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the association of low EA with RED-S health and performance consequences in a large clinical population of female athletes.MethodsOne thousand female athletes (15–30 years) completed an online questionnaire and were classified as having low or adequate EA. The associations between low EA and the health and performance factors listed in the RED-S models were evaluated using chi-squared test and the odds ratios were evaluated using binomial logistic regression (p<0.05).ResultsAthletes with low EA were more likely to be classified as having increased risk of menstrual dysfunction, poor bone health, metabolic issues, haematological detriments, psychological disorders, cardiovascular impairment and gastrointestinal dysfunction than those with adequate EA. Performance variables associated with low EA included decreased training response, impaired judgement, decreased coordination, decreased concentration, irritability, depression and decreased endurance performance.ConclusionThese findings demonstrate that low EA measured using self-report questionnaires is strongly associated with many health and performance consequences proposed by the RED-S models.
Risk factors and determinants of carotid intima-media thickness in children: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Epure Adina Mihaela , Leyvraz Magali , Mivelaz Yvan , Di Bernardo Stefano , da Costa Bruno R , Chiolero Arnaud , Sekarski Nicole 
Published: June 2018

IntroductionCarotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is a surrogate marker of atherosclerosis that is measured in adults and children to better understand the natural history of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In adults, CIMT is predictive of myocardial infarction and stroke. In children and adolescents, CIMT is used to assess vascular changes in the presence of CVD risk factors (obesity, hypertension, smoking, etc) or clinical conditions associated with a high risk for premature CVD. However, there is no comprehensive overview, in a life-course epidemiology perspective, of the risk factors and determinants of CIMT in children. It is also important to evaluate between-study differences in CIMT measurement methods and take them into consideration when drawing conclusions. Our objective is to systematically review the evidence on the relationship between CIMT and prenatal and postnatal exposures or interventions in children, as well as documenting and discussing the CIMT measurement methods.Methods and analysisSystematic searches of the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Excerpta Medica (EMBASE)and Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases will be conducted. The reference lists and other literatures sources will be browsed. Observational and experimental studies in children from birth up to 18 years will be included. Prenatal and postnatal exposures or interventions assessed in relationship with CIMT will be considered for inclusion. Examples might include gestational age, obesity, hypertension, tobacco exposure, specific at-risk conditions (chronic kidney disease, diabetes, etc) or statin treatment. The outcome will be CIMT assessed by ultrasonography. The setting, scanning and measurement methods for each included study will be described in detail. Results will be synthesised descriptively and, if appropriate, will be pooled across studies to perform meta-analyses. Separate meta-analyses for each exposure or intervention type will be conducted.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. A report will be prepared for clinicians and other healthcare decision-makers.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017075169.
A pushing chronic care forward in Abu Dhabi by identifying priorities and addressing barriers: a modified Delphi technique
Authors: Paulo Marília Silva , Loney Tom , Lapão Luis V 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveThis study aimed to elucidate the top five key priorities and barriers to chronic care in the health system of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (UAE).DesignA modified Delphi study was performed to reach consensus on priority areas and barriers to the development of the Chronic Care Model in the health system of Abu Dhabi. Individual wireless audience response devices (keypads) linked to a computer were used to reduce 28 priorities and 20 barriers to the top five during three iterative rounds over three consecutive days.SettingChronic care services for patients with diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer, in both private and publicly funded healthcare services in the emirate of Abu Dhabi.ParticipantsA purposive sample of 20 health systems’ experts were recruited. They were front-line healthcare workers from the public and private sector working in the delivery of care for patients with diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer.ResultsThe ‘overall organizational leadership in chronic illness care’ was ranked as the most important priority to address (26.3%) and ‘patient compliance’ was ranked as the most important barrier (36.8%) to the development of the Chronic Care Model.ConclusionsThis study has identified the current priorities and barriers to improving chronic care within Abu Dhabi’s healthcare system. Our paper addresses the UAE’s 2021 Agenda of achieving a world-class healthcare system, and findings may help inform strategic changes required to achieve this mission.