bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circulating Inflammatory Cytokine Responses to Endurance Exercise in Female Rowers
Authors: Jürimäe Jaak , Vaiksaar Sille , Purge Priit 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis investigation examined the effects of acute rowing exercise on a panel of 12 different inflammatory cytokines. Fifteen female rowers (18.3±1.6 yrs; 172.0±5.0 cm; 67.5±8.8 kg; maximal oxygen consumption [VO2max]: 47.2±7.9 ml.min.−1kg−1) completed a 1-h endurance exercise (distance: 12.1±1.1 km; energy expenditure [EE]: 639±69 kcal; heart rate: 151±7 beats.min−1; intensity: 79.6±3.5% of the second ventilatory turn point). Venous blood samples were analysed for interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-1α, IL-1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) concentrations. Rowing exercise resulted increment (P<0.05) in IL-6, IL-8, VEGF and MCP-1. Exercise metabolic demand variables such as rating of perceived exertion (r=0.61), distance covered (r=0.60) and EE (r=0.57) were related (P<0.05) to changes in VEGF concentration. Cardiorespiratory fitness as measured by VO2max was correlated with changes in IL-6 (r=–0.55; P<0.05) level. In conclusion, acute exercise-induced inflammatory reaction was induced by a significant increase in IL-6, IL-8, VEGF and MCP-1 concentrations. Variance in exercise-induced increases in inflammatory cytokines in response to prolonged endurance exercise was characterised by exercise metabolic demand and cardiorespiratory fitness measures in female rowers.
Resumen guía de práctica clínica para la valoración urológica pretrasplante renal
Authors: Riatiga Ibáñez Diego , Cubillos Jorge , Tovar Roa Verónica , Fajardo Cediel William , García Perdomo Herney 
Published: November 2018

ResumenEn Colombia actualmente, se ha visto un aumento significativo en el número de pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica terminal (ERC-T) llegando a 23.914 en 2014 según las estadísticas del instituto nacional de salud, lo que supone un aumento en el número de trasplantes, aumentando de un 12,5% en 2008 al 18% en 2014 del total de pacientes con ERC-T. Teniendo en cuenta que el trasplante renal se ha consolidado como la mejor opción terapéutica en esos pacientes, es de suma importancia unificar criterios y conceptos basados en la mejor evidencia científica disponible para reducir complicaciones y efectos nocivos derivados de esta terapia, razón por la cual se ha creado esta guía.
Glande Peneano – Teoría Integral y su Relación con la Triada Disfuncional (Glande Frío, Blando o Doloroso)
Authors: Uribe Arcila Juan 
Published: November 2018

ResumenEl glande peneano forma parte de un ingenioso diseño evolutivo que convirtió el pene en una compleja maquina hidráulica bicameral para la intromisión exitosa en la vagina. El objetivo del glande es tener un extremo blando, recubierto con una piel de terminales altamente sensitivas que forma parte de un tercer cuerpo cilíndrico, que debe colaborar en la tumescencia peneana sin interferir ni en la eyección del semen, ni en la evacuación de la orina, al estar las funciones reproductivas y urinarias compartidas por el mismo órgano. Los cuerpos cavernosos y el esponjoso, incluyendo el glande, comparten anatomía y fisiología en lo referente a trabéculas, túnica albugínea y llenado de sangre, pero no son idénticos en función, por lo que conceptos como rigidez axial, distribución de receptores o venoclusión varían de una a otra cámara. Adicionalmente a su discreta colaboración en la erección, el glande es el origen del llamado reflejo eyaculatorio, que es básico en el proceso sexual humano. La disfunción de esa porción terminal, incluye tres situaciones patológicas que son el glande frío, blando o doloroso, con etiología común, relacionada con factores como trauma, disfunción eréctil o cirugías tales como prostatectomía radical o cirugía uretral, con muy pocos tratamientos específicos disponibles en la actualidad y que sin embargo deberán ir mejorando por la inusitada frecuencia de esos padecimientos.
Prevalencia de Eventos Cardiocerebrovasculares en Pacientes con Cáncer de Próstata en Manejo con Bloqueo Androgénico con Análogo de GNRH
Authors: Poveda José , González Cesar , Quiroga William , Zapata Margarita , Baena Sebastián 
Published: November 2018

Objetivo Determinar la prevalencia de eventos cardiocerebrovasculares en pacientes con cáncer de próstata que son manejados con bloqueo hormonal, con análogo de la GNRH.
Materiales y Métodos Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal, en pacientes con cáncer de próstata que fueron manejados con bloqueo hormonal con análogo de la GNRH, con un mínimo de seguimiento de 2 años, entre los años 2004 y 2014. Paciente con eventos que acaecieron en el primer año de observación, fueron excluidos. Se evaluaron las comorbilidades de los pacientes y se clasificaron en diferentes grupos de riesgo, según el índice de comorbilidades ACE27. Se determinó la prevalencia de eventos cardiovasculares definidos como un episodio de infarto agudo de miocardio, de angina y de eventos cerebrovasculares durante la observación. Se comparó la prevalencia de acuerdo al subgrupo de riesgo ACE27.
Resultados Se incluyeron 281 pacientes. La comorbilidad más común fue la hipertensión arterial con un 45% y por último la diabetes mellitus con un 17%. La prevalencia de eventos cardiovasculares y cerebrovasculares en la población general fue del 7,5% para cada evento. Se clasificaron los pacientes según el índice de comorbilidades ACE-27 tendiendo el 39% de los pacientes un índice de comorbilidad bajo y el 7% alto. La prevalencia de eventos cardiocerebrovasculares varía desde el 5% en bajo riesgo, hasta el 25% en grupo de alto riesgo.
Conclusiones La prevalencia de eventos cardiocerebrovasculares fue del 7,5% en la población de estudio. En el grupo de alto riesgo ACE27 con el uso de análogo de GNRH, se determinó una mayor prevalencia de eventos cardiocerebrovasculares.
Eficacia y seguridad del dietiletilbestrol, en el tratamiento del cáncer de próstata resistente a la castración
Authors: Gómez Meza Jorge , Varela Rodolfo , Ramírez Angie 
Published: November 2018

Introducción y objetivos Existen múltiples opciones de tratamiento en pacientes con cáncer de próstata resistente a la castración, entre ellas el Dietilestilbestrol (DES) sin embargo, su uso es controversial. Este estudio tiene como objetivo determinar la eficacia y seguridad del DES, en el tratamiento de pacientes con cáncer de próstata resistente a la castración en nuestra población.
Métodos y Materiales Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal, incluyendo los pacientes con cáncer de próstata resistente a la castración que recibieron tratamiento con DES. Se realizó un análisis demográfico, bivariado, tomando como desenlace la respuesta del PSA (Ausente, Completa o Parcial), el tiempo medio de progresión del PSA y la presencia de eventos adversos asociados al medicamento.
Resultados  Noventa y un pacientes incluidos al final del estudio. La distribución de respuesta del PSA fue así: Respuesta en 57 (63,7%) pacientes, (Completa 28% - 31,1% y parcial 29% - 32,2%). Ausente en 33 (36,7%) pacientes. El análisis bivariado no evidenció asociación entre las variables y los desenlaces propuestos. El tiempo medio de progresión del PSA fue de 10,43 meses (Log-rank p = 0.001), no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas para el tiempo medio a progresión en asociación con la respuesta al PSA (respuesta o ausente y la presencia de enfermedad metastásica), Log-rank p = 0,789, Log-rank p = 0,218, Log-rank p = 0,780 respectivamente. La tasa de complicaciones asociadas a DES fue del 4,4% y correspondió en todos los casos a trombosis venosa profunda.
Conclusiones El DES en pacientes con cáncer de próstata resistente a la castración continúa siendo una herramienta de tratamiento eficaz y con baja tasa de eventos adversos en nuestra población.
Indicaciones actuales de colocación de stent uretral Allium – revisión de la literatura
Authors: Henao Matilde , Gaviria Federico 
Published: November 2018

ResumenLa estrechez de la uretra es una patología con una prevalencia del 0,6% de la población El estándar de oro establecido para su manejo es la uretroplastia con tasas de éxito variables de hasta el 90% al 95%.El stent uretral surgió en 1988 fabricado con malla de acero inoxidable. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron las complicaciones severas de su implantación. En el 2008 se introdujo el stent Allium producido en Israel con propiedades diferentes como elasticidad y flexibilidad. Puede utilizarse en diferentes entidades como estrechez de uretra bulbar, hiperplasia de próstata y la estenosis de la unión uretrovesical. Recientemente este Stent se está comercializando en Colombia, por lo cual consideramos importante revisar la literatura mundial, las complicaciones e indicaciones reales y así intentar evitar el uso inapropiado de esos dispositivos.Realizamos una Revisión de la literatura en PubMed y ClinicalKey incluyendo los términos, “Stent”, “Allium” y “Urethral”, incluyendo articulos en inglés y en español. Se encontraron 4 artículos retrospectivos en poblaciones heterogéneas con tasas de éxito inferiores a la cirugía reconstructiva. No se encontraron estudios comparativos.Las indicaciones actuales para colocar un stent uretral podrían ser pacientes en quienes no se puede realizar uretroplastia, o en quienes el manejo endoscópico de la uretra posterior no haya sido efectivo. También puede ser una alternativa para pacientes con sonda vesical permanente por hiperplasia prostática no aptos para cirugía.
Plasma Phospholipid Transfer Protein Promotes Platelet Aggregation
Authors: Zhao Xiao-Min , Wang Yun , Yu Yang , Jiang Hui , Babinska Anna , Chen Xiu-Yu , He Ke-Gui , Min Xiang-Dong , Han Ji-Ju , Yang Chen-Xi , Deng Kevin , Xue Jing , Zhang Xiangjian , Song Guo-Hua , Qin Shu-Cun , Jiang Xian-Cheng 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIt remains unclear whether plasma phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) is involved in hyper-coagulation or hypo-coagulation. This study investigated the direct effect of PLTP on platelet aggregation and the underlying mechanism. Washed platelets from humans or mice and mouse platelet-rich plasma and human recombinant PLTP were isolated. PLTP is present in human platelets. We assessed adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-, collagen- and thrombin-induced platelet aggregation, phosphatidylserine externalization and photothrombosis-induced cerebral infarction in mice. PLTP over-expression increased platelet aggregation, while PLTP deficiency had the opposing reaction. Human recombinant PLTP increased both mouse and human platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner. Phosphatidylserine externalization provides a water/lipid surface for the interaction of coagulation factors, which accelerates thrombosis. Compared with wild-type controls, platelets from PLTP transgenic mice had significantly more phosphatidylserine on the exterior surface of the plasma membrane, whereas platelets from PLTP-deficient mice had significantly less phosphatidylserine on the surface, thus PLTP influences fibrinogen binding on the plasma membrane. Moreover, recombinant PLTP together with ADP significantly increased phosphatidylserine exposure on the plasma membrane of PLTP-deficient platelets, thereby increasing fibrinogen binding. PLTP over-expression significantly accelerated the incidence of photothrombosis-induced infarction in mice, whereas PLTP deficiency significantly reduced the frequency of infarction. We concluded that PLTP promotes phosphatidylserine externalization at the plasma membrane of platelets and accelerates ADP- or collagen-induced platelet aggregation. This effect plays an important role in the initiation of thrombin generation and platelet aggregation under sheer stress conditions. Thus, PLTP is involved in hyper-coagulation. Therefore, PLTP inhibition could be a novel approach for countering thrombosis.
Neutrophil-Mediated Proteolysis of Thrombospondin-1 Promotes Platelet Adhesion and String Formation
Authors: Seif Katharina , Alidzanovic Lejla , Tischler Barbara , Ibrahim Nahla , Zagrapan Branislav , Rauscher Sabine , Salzmann Manuel , Hell Lena , Mauracher Lisa-Marie , Budde Ulrich , Schmid Johannes , Jilma Bernd , Pabinger Ingrid , Assinger Alice , Starlinger Patrick , Brostjan Christine 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is primarily expressed by platelets and endothelial cells (ECs) and rapidly released upon their activation. It functions in haemostasis as a bridging molecule in platelet aggregation, by promoting platelet adhesion to collagen and by protecting von Willebrand factor strings from degradation. In blood of patients undergoing surgery and in co-cultures of neutrophils with platelets or ECs, we observed proteolysis of the 185 kDa full-length TSP-1 to a 160-kDa isoform. We hypothesized that TSP-1 processing may alter its haemostatic properties. Selective enzyme inhibitors in co-cultures revealed that neutrophil proteases elastase and cathepsin G mediate TSP-1 processing. The cut site of cathepsin G was mapped to TSP-1 amino acids R237/T238 by Edman sequencing. Formation of neutrophil extracellular traps protected TSP-1 from complete degradation and promoted controlled processing to the 160-kDa isoform. Haemostatic properties were tested by platelet aggregation, adhesion, coagulation and string formation under flow. Platelets from TSP-1 deficient mice did not differ from wild-type in platelet aggregation but showed severe impairment of platelet adhesion to collagen and string formation under flow. Reconstitution experiments revealed that the 160-kDa TSP-1 isoform was markedly more potent than the 185-kDa full-length molecule in restoring function. Thus, TSP-1 processing by neutrophil proteases yields a 160-kDa isoform which shows enhanced potency to promote platelet adhesion and string formation. This finding reveals a novel mechanism of neutrophil-mediated thrombus formation and provides first evidence for the impact of TSP-1 proteolysis on its haemostatic properties.
The Urokinase Plasminogen Activator System in Human Cancers: An Overview of Its Prognostic and Predictive Role
Authors: Madunić Josip 
Published: November 2018

AbstractUrokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) system regulates extracellular matrix remodelling by activating ubiquitous protease plasmin in many important physiological processes. The system components include uPA, plasminogen activator inhibitors (PAIs) and uPA receptor (uPAR). Besides its role in physiological processes, uPA system is active in most tumour types where its aberrant regulation has been associated with the development of metastatic phenotype. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that the over-expression of uPA, PAI-1 and uPAR not only enhances tumour cell invasion capacity and metastasis, but also corresponds to a higher risk of disease correlating with traditional clinicopathological features which makes them potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in a wide range of human malignancies. This review focuses on uPA system's prognostic and predictive role in several types of human cancers, summarizing its activities in cancer development and highlighting the importance of addressing all unanswered questions before bridging the gap between laboratory findings to clinic use of uPA system's components as cancer biomarkers.
Optimizing Macronutrients in People with Diabetes
Authors: Gupta Lovely , Lal Priti , Khandelwal Deepak 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDiverse dietary practices and nutritional counseling strategies are followed in the management of diabetes and its comorbidities. The dietary approaches practiced in India make use of calorie and nutrient counting to ensure patient-centered nutrition therapy in diabetes management. Macronutrient modulation is a central pillar of patient-centered medical nutrition therapy (MNT). Carbohydrates (CHO) are considered as the predominant macronutrient affecting postprandial blood glucose levels. The insulin-to-CHO ratio is used for calculating mealtime insulin doses among patients on insulin regimen. The aim of this article is to highlight challenges faced in planning MNT, modifying recommended dietary allowances for persons with diabetes, and suggesting solutions to overcome these. It also aims to understand the requirement of individual macronutrients and their impact on glycemia as well as insulin dose adjustment.
Joining the Islamic State from France between 2014 and 2016: an observational follow-up study
Authors: Campelo Nicolas , Bouzar Laura , Oppetit Alice , Pellerin Hugues , Hefez Serge , Bronsard Guillaume , Cohen David , Bouzar Dounia 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA new model of radicalization has appeared in Western countries since the 2010s. However, few empirical data are available to interpret the profiles of European young people who have embraced radical Islamism. Mixing qualitative/quantitative approaches, the present study is the first to explore their motives for radicalization, as well as how characteristics at baseline predicted their status at follow-up (FU). In 2014-2015, 150 individuals (mean age: 19.82 years; 101 (67.3%) females; 100 (67%) Muslim converts) were followed-up prospectively by theCentre de Prévention contre les Dérives Sectaires liées à l’Islam(CPDSI) until September 2016. Using a multiple correspondence analysis, we found that eight motivational dimensions (interest in violence; feelings of depression, responsibility, uncertainty or loneliness; experience of abuse; issues with sexuality; and poor insight) combining in eight statistical factors drove individuals towards radicalization. At FU, 95(63%) were no longer radicalized, 21(14%) were disengaged, 19(13%) were still radicalized, and 15(10%) had reached the Islamic State. Univariate and multivariate analyses found some protective factors defining individuals with developmental vulnerabilities that can be encountered in many psychopathologies. In addition, multivariate models showed that worse status at FU was predicted by being married, having married parents, having attempted to radicalize other relatives, and having a close friend or relative imprisoned before radicalization. We conclude that multidimensional efforts to de-radicalize young people are efficient, although a worse prognosis is associated with neighborhood/proximal phenomena. Prevention should target these local/proximal contexts to further prevent radicalization.
Genetic and plastic variation in opsin gene expression, light sensitivity, and female response to visual signals in the guppy
Authors: Sakai Yusuke , Kawamura Shoji , Kawata Masakado 
Published: November 2018

Significance
High diversity in sexual color signaling in animals has attracted considerable and sustained interest from evolution researchers. It has been suggested that variations in visual properties in guppies result in diverse female preference for sexual color signals, leading to genetic variation based on male body colors. Here, we report that opsin expression varies because of allelic differences as well as the different rearing light environments. The variation in opsin expression influences the diversity in visual light sensitivity. Moreover, the expression of multiple opsin genes influences female responsiveness to the luminous orange colors. Consequently, genetic and environmental variation in opsin gene expression could affect female responsiveness and preference for male sexual colors, facilitating male color polymorphisms.
Introduction
Authors: Mori Laura 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This chapter presents the research framework of the Eurolect Observatory Project. The starting hypothesis of this research project is that language contact through translation of EU legislation has resulted in the creation and dissemination of standardised lexical variants, structural features and textual patterns in many EU official and working languages. The Eurolect Observatory Multilingual Corpus was compiled to make it possible to describe such features in eleven legislative languages. The corpus enabled the research team to collect evidence of language in use in order to confirm/disconfirm the existence of a macro-variety of legal language – known as Eurolect – generated in the context of the EU legislative multilingual drafting process. A common research template was developed and adopted by all the researchers in their respective chapters, to categorise results obtained from the corpus via a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches.
Observing Eurolects
Authors: De Sutter Gert , De Bock Fee 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Building on the textual data in the Dutch part of Eurolect Observatory Multilingual Corpus, consisting of 660 texts (3.7M words) in corpus A (directives) and 504 texts (4M tokens) in corpus B (implementation laws), we investigate the extent to which the language of European directives shines through in (Netherlandic) Dutch national law. In order to do so, we extracted several EU-rooted phenomena, contact-induced features, and intralinguistic variants and analyzed the distribution of these features by means of bivariate and multivariate statistics, so as to discern meaningful patterns in the data. The results enable us to determine whether Dutch implementation law exhibits linguistic traces of the so-called Eurolect. The results show similarities between national law implementations and EU directives as well as differences. One of the most striking patterns that emerge across different language domains (lexicon, morphosyntax, discourse) is that implementation laws contain much more formal linguistic features, thereby ignoring clear writing recommendations.
Observing Eurolects
Authors: Patin Stéphane , Megale Fabrizio 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This chapter investigates the differences between two varieties of legal French: the European variety, contained in directives and drafted in Brussels, and a specific national variety, derived from the transposing laws adopted by the French Parliament. Corpus analyses are based on comparable corpora (A and B, Eurolect Observatory Multilingual Corpus) and involve different levels: lexico-semantic, morphological, syntactic and textual. Qualitative and quantitative approaches are combined. Results at each level are further categorized into ‘EU-rooted phenomena’, ‘contact-induced features’ and ‘intra-linguistic variability’ to be discussed according to the Research Project Template.
Observing Eurolects
Authors: Sosoni Vilelmini , Kermanidis Katia Lida , Livas Sotirios 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The present paper presents the findings from the analysis of the Greek corpus of European Union directives spanning the years 1999–2008 (corpus A) and the corpus of the legal instruments used to transpose them into Greek law (corpus B). The aim of the analysis is to verify the existence of a Greek Eurolect, born through translation, and to highlight the differences between this new legal variety and the corresponding Greek legal variety. The findings of the study are particularly interesting as they point to the existence of a Greek Eurolect characterised by Europeisms on a lexical level; morphosyntactic preferences which do not conform to the Greek legal language conventions and norms; an extensive use of the future tense as a result of translating English shall into Greek; and an oscillation between the use of Κatharevousa and Demotiki, that is an H-variety and an L-variety of the Greek language.