bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Facile and General Strategy to Deposit Polypyrrole on Various Substrates for Efficient Solar‐Driven Evaporation
Authors: Wang Canzhu , Wang Yuchao , Song Xiangju , Huang Minghua , Jiang Heqing 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSolar‐driven evaporation for clean water production is currently considered to be one of the most effective and sustainable strategies to alleviate water shortages because of the sustainability, eco‐friendliness, and inexhaustibility of solar energy. Plenty of effort has been paid to developing easy‐to‐follow methods to fabricate the high‐performance photothermal materials for efficient water evaporation. In this manuscript, a facile and general strategy named chemical vapor deposition polymerization (CVDP) to deposit dark PPy coating layer onto various substrates, which acts as a light absorber to efficiently harvest and convert light to heat for solar‐driven interfacial water evaporation, is reported. The obtained PPy‐coated membranes can achieve an outstanding light absorption and show a high stagnation temperature up to 82.3 °C under 1 sun illumination (1 kW m−2). Furthermore, the water evaporation can be accelerated to 1.41 kg m−2 h−1, corresponding to 81.9% on solar conversion efficiency which is comparable to the results of the state‐of‐the‐art photothermal membranes. Due to the moderate reaction conditions, the PPy coating layer can also be deposited onto different porous substrates to meet different water environments. Such novel and effective CVDP strategy for high‐performance photothermal membrane fabrication contributes to the widespread applications in sustainable clean water production.
Unsaturated Sulfur Edge Engineering of Strongly Coupled MoS2 Nanosheet–Carbon Macroporous Hybrid Catalyst for Enhanced Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Xu Qiucheng , Liu Yu , Jiang Hao , Hu Yanjie , Liu Honglai , Li Chunzhong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe low hydrogen adsorption free energy and strong acid/alkaline resistance of layered MoS2 render it an excellent pH‐universal electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, the catalytic activity is dominantly suppressed by its limited active‐edge‐site density. Herein, a new strategy is reported for making a class of strongly coupled MoS2 nanosheet–carbon macroporous hybrid catalysts with engineered unsaturated sulfur edges for boosting HER catalysis by controlling the precursor decomposition and subsequent sodiation/desodiation. Both surface chemical state analysis and first‐principles calculations verify that the resultant catalysts exhibit a desirable valence‐electron state with high exposure of unsaturated sulfur edges and an optimized hydrogen adsorption free energy, significantly improving the intrinsic HER catalytic activity. Such an electrocatalyst exhibits superior and stable catalytic activity toward HER with small overpotentials of 136 mV in 0.5 m H2SO4 and 155 mV in 1 m KOH at 10 mA cm−2, which is the best report for MoS2–C hybrid electrocatalysts to date. This work paves a new avenue to improve the intrinsic catalytic activity of 2D materials for hydrogen generation.
Integration of Advanced Practice Providers in Academic Emergency Departments: Best Practices and Considerations
Authors: Chekijian Sharon A. , Elia Tala R. , Monti James E. , Temin Elizabeth S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAs emergency department (ED) visits continue to increase nationwide, the utilization of advanced practice providers (APPs) has been steadily increasing. Academic centers face unique challenges in the inclusion of APP staff into the educational and teaching environment. Effort should be made to both take advantage of and support the educational mission of academic centers while bolstering clinical care provided by APP staff. This paper highlights some of the considerations and challenges in incorporating APPs into academic EDs as discussed at the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, in May 2018. The panel included representation from Massachusetts General Hospital, Yale New Haven Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, and University of Massachusetts Medical School–Baystate. Distillation of our common experience shows that best practices in supervision favor uniformity between resident and APP staff except with low‐acuity patients. Likewise, professional development takes advantage of the educational environment to provide feedback and identify areas for improvement as well as development of formal clinical and educational curricula for APPs working in academic institutions. Already established medical doctor residencies can be leveraged to provide postgraduate education for APPs in either formal or informal training programs.
Selective Functionalization of Styrenes with Oxygen Using Different Electrode Materials: Olefin Cleavage and Synthesis of Tetrahydrofuran Derivatives
Authors: Imada Yasushi , Okada Yohei , Noguchi Keiichi , Chiba Kazuhiro 
Published: October 2018

AbstractElectrode materials can have a significant impact on the course of an electrolysis reaction. Of particular interest is that different electrodes can generate different products from the same substrate. The electrode‐material‐selective transformations of styrene derivatives with molecular oxygen are reported. Platinum electrodes afford carbonyl products via cleavage of olefins, whereas tetrahydrofuran formation is achieved with carbon electrodes. A variety of different styrenes are available for both reactions. Electrolysis allows straightforward and mild chemical conversions that are metal‐ and oxidant‐free. Electrochemical measurements illuminate the different effects of platinum and carbon electrodes on styrenes. The key to the differing reactions is probably that the oxidation potentials of the substrates are lower (higher HOMO energy) on carbon electrodes than on platinum electrodes. The adsorption of the substrates on carbon electrodes can also promote tetrahydrofuran formation.
Asymmetric Stepwise Reductive Amination of Sulfonamides, Sulfamates, and a Phosphinamide by Nickel Catalysis
Authors: Zhao Xiaohu , Xu Haiyan , Huang Xiaolei , Zhou Jianrong Steve 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAsymmetric reductive amination of poorly nucleophilic sulfonamides was realized in the presence of nickel catalysts and titanium alkoxide. A wide range of ketones, including enolizable ketones and some biaryl ones, were converted into sulfonamides in excellent enantiomeric excess. The cyclization of sulfamates and intermolecular reductive amination of a diarylphosphinamide were also successful. Formic acid was used as a safe and economic surrogate of high‐pressure hydrogen gas.
Machine‐Driven Enzymatic Oligosaccharide Synthesis by Using a Peptide Synthesizer
Authors: Zhang Jiabin , Chen Congcong , Gadi Madhusudhan Reddy , Gibbons Christopher , Guo Yuxi , Cao Xuefeng , Edmunds Garrett , Wang Shuaishuai , Liu Ding , Yu Jin , Wen Liuqing , Wang Peng G. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFor decades, researchers have endeavored to develop a general automated system to synthesize oligosaccharides that is comparable to the preparation of oligonucleotides and oligopeptides by commercially available machines. Inspired by the success of automated oligosaccharide synthesis through chemical glycosylation, a fully automated system is reported for oligosaccharides synthesis through enzymatic glycosylation in aqueous solution. The designed system is based on the use of a thermosensitive polymer and a commercially available peptide synthesizer. This study represents a proof‐of‐concept demonstration that the enzymatic synthesis of oligosaccharides can be achieved in an automated manner using a commercially available peptide synthesizer.
Tuning the Morphology and Chiroptical Properties of Discrete Gold Nanorods with Amino Acids
Authors: Zheng Guangchao , Bao Zhiyong , Pérez‐Juste Jorge , Du Ruolan , Liu Wei , Dai Jiyan , Zhang Wei , Lee Lawrence Yoon Suk , Wong Kwok‐Yin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe synthesis of discrete nanostructures with a strong, persistent, stable plasmonic circular dichroism (PCD) signal is challenging. We report a seed‐mediated growth approach to obtain discrete Au nanorods with high and stable chiroptical responses (c‐Au NRs) in the visible to near‐IR region. The morphology of the c‐Au NRs was governed by the concentration of l‐ or d‐cysteine used. The amino acids encapsulated within the discrete gold nanostructure enhance their PCD signal, attributed to coupling of dipoles of chiral molecules with the near‐field induced optical activity at the hot spots inside the c‐Au NRs. The stability of the PCD signal and biocompatibility of c‐Au NRs was improved by coating with silica or protein corona. Discrete c‐Au NR@SiO2 with Janus or core–shell configurations retained their PCD signal even in organic solvents. A side‐by‐side assembly of c‐Au NRs induced by l‐glutathione led to further PCD signal enhancement, with anisotropic g factors as high as 0.048.
Effect of lignin esters on improving the thermal properties of poly(vinyl chloride)
Authors: Zhao Xiaohong , Zhang Yanjuan , Hu Huayu , Huang Zuqiang , Qin Yuben , Shen Fang , Huang Aimin , Feng Zhenfei 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTTo improve the thermal stability of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and the utilization of lignin (L), different L esters were added to PVC to produce the plates with enhanced thermal stabilities. The properties and structures of the L ester–PVC plates and the properties of the L esters and their mixtures with PVC were analyzed by universal mechanical testing, static thermal stability testing, thermogravimetry–Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, UV–visible spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. The results show that L improved the thermal stability of PVC, but the mechanical properties were substantially deteriorated. Proper esterification of L improved the thermal stabilities and mechanical properties of the plates. Noncyclic anhydride acetylated L–PVC plates possessed good static and dynamic thermal stabilities and mechanical properties. The PVC plates incorporated with the L esters with a degree of esterification of around 40% exhibited the best combination properties. Maleated L–PVC plates had good dynamic thermal stability and mechanical properties but poor static thermal stability. The opposite properties were found for succinylated L–PVC plates. The differences in the properties of different L ester–PVC plates were attributed to the different abilities of L esters to capture free radicals, the crosslinking reaction between L esters and PVC, and their compatibility. Different properties of the L esters indicated their different applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47176.
Effect of fatigue loading on wicking properties of polyamide 66 nanofiber yarns
Authors: Asghari Mooneghi Sara , Gharehaghaji Ali Akbar , Hosseini‐Toudeshky Hossein , Torkaman Giti 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThe wicking phenomenon is of prime importance with regards to biomedical applications of nanofiber yarns such as suture yarns and tissue scaffolds. In such applications, the yarns are usually subjected to cyclic tensile forces and biological tensile stresses. There is a lack of science behind the effect of fatigue on wicking properties of nanofiber yarns and this work aims at exploring this venue. Wicking properties of polyamide 66 nanofiber yarns are investigated by tracing the color change in the yarn structure resulting from pH changes during the capillary rise of distilled water. Results show that applying cyclic loading increases equilibrium wicking height in the Lucus–Washburn equation, which is attributed to changes in the overall pore structure in the cyclic loaded yarn. The likely causes of these changes are studied by scanning electron microscope, which reveals disentangled, more or less aligned and parallel nanofibers with a smaller radius in the nanofibrous structure. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47206.
Inner relationship between the damping property and the sand‐fixing durability of polymer materials
Authors: Xie Hao , Liu Bailing , Chen Hualin , Xu Qian 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThis article for the first time reveals the impact of the damping property of materials on its sand‐fixing durability. Based on the turbulence of wind, it could be regarded as a kind of periodic mechanical force. So, when polymers are used to fix sand, they would constantly perceive a periodic force of wind. And, this force would give rise to yielding fracture and fatigue of polymer, so that the sand‐fixing durability of material could be weakened significantly. To impair the periodic force of wind and extend the durability of sand‐fixation polymer materials, we, for the first time, introduce the designing principle of macromolecular damping material, that can transform external mechanical force into own thermal energy, into the preparation of sand‐fixing materials. In this work, poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) emulsions with different dangling chain have been synthesized successfully in order to improve their damping properties. The effects of the prepared PVAc with gradually growing dangling chain length have been investigated on their damping properties, on the sand stabilization strengths and sand‐fixing durability. And the relationship between the damping property and the sand‐fixing property of PVAc was built by simulating wind tunnel test. The experimental results show that, introducing the dangling chain could significantly improve the damping temperature range and extend the anti‐wind erosion time of PVAc. It has to be noticed that, introducing the dangling chain, will provide a double effects for the sand stabilization strength of materials, i.e., it can improve both the flexibility of the side‐chain and the internal friction of the molecular chains. Wind tunnel test verified that introducing the dangling chain can raise the damping performance of material and convert more periodic force of wind into the friction heat of molecular chain, and thus impair the damage of wind on the materials and improve their anti‐wind erosion properties. These findings suggest that the damping material applied in sand fixation is a bright idea and successful method for improving the sand‐fixing durability. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47208.
Processing influence on dielectric, mechanical, and electrical properties of reduced graphene oxide–TPU nanocomposites
Authors: Gómez Julio , Recio Imanol , Navas Ana , Villaro Elvira , Galindo Begoña , Ortega‐Murguialday Amaya 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTTwo different reduced graphene oxides (rGOs) with similar concentration of oxygen and defects and differences in exfoliation were prepared to produce the rGO/thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites by solution blending (SB) and melt compounding (MC). Morphology, electrical, and dielectric properties were studied. Large agglomerates have been observed for the composites produced by SB and discrete and low agglomerated rGO particles in the case on the composites produced by MC. These morphological differences justify the observations in hardness, electrical conductivity, and even in the dielectric properties. The composites do not follow Jonscher's universal power law (UPL) and a linear trend between UPL factors (Log A vs n) has been observed for composites produced by SB, however, no trend is observed in the composites produced by MC, being the first time observed. Differences in the tunneling effect and breakage of H‐bonds within the polymer can be suggested from the dielectric relaxation characterization. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47220.
Lipase‐catalyzed synthesis of hyperbranched polyester improved by autocatalytic prepolymerization process
Authors: Liang Liuen , Long Junyuan , Li Guangji 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThis work developed a facile and environmentally friendly route for lipase‐catalyzed synthesis of a hyperbranched polyester by introducing an autocatalytic prepolymerization of comonomers. Trimethylolpropane, 1,8‐octanediol, and adipic acid as comonomers for synthesizing the hyperbranched polyester were first prepolymerized via the automatic catalytic effect of the reactants themselves to obtain an appropriate reaction substrate for further lipase‐catalyzed polymerization, where immobilized lipase Novozym 435 was used as a biocatalyst. The acidity and fluidity of optimized oligomers after the autocatalytic prepolymerization provide a benign reaction substrate for the retention of enzymatic activity in the subsequent lipase‐catalyzed esterification, which is crucial for the enzymatic polymerization. The optimum reaction temperature and reaction time for prepolymerization were determined to be 120 °C and 150 min. The molecular weight (M
w) of the prepared polyester was approximately 26,300 g/mol. Quantitative analysis of 1H‐NMR and inverse‐gated 13C‐NMR spectra confirmed the hyperbranched structure of the resulting polyester with a branching degree of 31.3%. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47221.
Synthesis of some novel quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one hybrid molecules as potent urease inhibitors
Authors: Menteşe Emre , Akyüz Gülay , Yılmaz Fatih , Baltaş Nimet , Emirik Mustafa 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA new series of quinazolinone hybrid molecules containing coumarin, furan, 1,2,4‐triazole and 1,2,4‐thiadiazole rings was designed, synthesized, and screened for their urease inhibition activities. All newly synthesized compounds showed outstanding urease inhibitory potentials with IC50 values ranging between 1.26 ± 0.07 and 7.35 ± 0.31 μg/mL. Among the series, coumarin derivatives (10a–d) exhibited the best inhibitory effect against urease in the range of IC50 = 1.26 ± 0.07 to 1.82 ± 0.10 μg/mL, when compared to standard urease inhibitors such as acetohydroxamic acid and thiourea (IC50 = 21.05 ± 0.96 and 15.08 ± 0.71 μg/mL, respectively). Molecular docking studies were also performed to analyze the binding mode of compound 10b, and supported the experimental results.
Retardation of Trap‐Assisted Recombination in Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells by a Dimethylbiguanide Anchor Layer
Authors: Xue Baoda , Bi Shiqing , You Shuai , Zhou Jiyu , Wu Guangbao , Meng Rui , Wang Boxin , Wang Jianqiu , Leng Xuanye , Zhang Yuan , Ma Xiangdong , Zhou Huiqiong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractReaching the full potential of solar cells based on photo‐absorbers of organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskites requires highly efficient charge extraction at the interface between perovskite and charge transporting layer. This demand is generally challenged by the presence of under‐coordinated metal or halogen ions, causing surface charge trapping and resultant recombination losses. These problems can be tackled by introducing a small molecule interfacial anchor layer based on dimethylbiguanide (DMBG). Benefitting from interactions between the nitrogen‐containing functional groups in DMBG and unsaturated ions in CH3NH3PbI3 perovskites, the electron extraction of TiO2 is dramatically improved in association with reduced Schottky–Read–Hall recombination, as revealed by photoluminescence spectroscopy. As a consequence, the power conversion efficiency of CH3NH3PbI3 solar cells is boosted from 17.14 to 19.1 %, showing appreciably reduced hysteresis. The demonstrated molecular strategy based on DMBG enables one to achieve meliorations on key figures of merit in halide perovskite solar cells with improved stability.
Synthesis of magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes for enantioseparation of three pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables by chiral liquid chromatography
Authors: Lei Shuo , Li Xianhui , Wang Yang , Sun Lirong , Liu Hao , Zhao Longshan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this study, magnetic multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) were synthesized and used as adsorbent for preconcentration of chiral pesticide residues (including epoxiconazole, tebuconazole, and metalaxyl) in lettuce, cabbage, and apple. Several parameters affecting the treatment efficiency were investigated, including extraction solvent and absorption solvent. Under the optimal conditions, all three chiral pesticides showed decent enantiomeric separation (Rs > 1.48). The linearity of each target was good with the correlation coefficient (r2) being greater than 0.9923. The average recoveries of the three spiked levels were 73.4% to 110.9% with repeatability (RSDr) less than 7.6%, and the limit of quantification of the method was 0.10 to 0.25 mg·kg−1. The results indicated that MMWCNTs had a good purifying effect, which can be applied as an effective pretreatment tool for the determination of residual chiral pesticides in fruits and vegetables.
ACHEMA 2018 – Energy
Authors: Müller Karsten 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAuf der diesjährigen ACHEMA gab es zwar keinen eigenständigen Ausstellungs‐ oder Themenbereich zur Energie, nichtsdestotrotz spielte die Energie wieder an vielen Stellen eine große Rolle. Ein wesentliches Thema war die Wärme. Hier lag ein Schwerpunkt auf der Abwärmenutzung zur Verbesserung der Energieeffizienz, aber auch bei der Feuerungstechnik gab es neue Entwicklungen. Daneben wurden Neuerungen im Bereich der Umwandlung von elektrischer Energie in Wärme bzw. in Kraftstoffe oder Basischemikalien vorgestellt. Wasserstoff‐ und biomassebasierte Technologien spielten ebenfalls eine große Rolle.
NKX2.2 immunohistochemistry in the distinction of Ewing sarcoma from cytomorphologic mimics: Diagnostic utility and pitfalls
Authors: Russell‐Goldman Eleanor , Hornick Jason L. , Qian Xiaohua , Jo Vickie Y. 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUNDEwing sarcoma (ES) is a round cell sarcoma that can be challenging to diagnose on cytologic material given its significant overlap with numerous mesenchymal, epithelial, and lymphoid cytomorphologic mimics. The objective of this study was to assess the utility of a novel marker, NKX2.2, in the diagnosis of ES in cytologic material and its ability to distinguish ES from its mimics.METHODSNKX2.2 immunohistochemistry was performed on cell blocks from 107 fine‐needle aspirations, and nuclear expression was scored semiquantitatively for extent and intensity. The study cohort included ES (n = 10), well differentiated neuroendocrine tumor (n = 20), melanoma (n = 11), Merkel cell carcinoma (n = 10), small cell carcinoma (n = 10), alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (n = 2), spindle cell/sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma (n = 2), synovial sarcoma (n = 12), solitary fibrous tumor (n = 2), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (n = 10), lymphoblastic lymphoma (n = 11), adenoid cystic carcinoma (n = 6), and CIC‐rearranged sarcoma (n = 1).RESULTSNKX2.2 had high sensitivity (100%) and moderate specificity (85%) for the diagnosis of ES in cytologic material. NKX2.2 expression also was present in a subset of mesenchymal and epithelial mimics, and staining was most commonly observed in small cell carcinoma (80%) and well differentiated neuroendocrine tumor (45%). Among mesenchymal mimics, 42% exhibited NKX2.2 expression. NKX2.2 staining was absent in melanoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and lymphoproliferative neoplasms.CONCLUSIONSNKX2.2 is a highly sensitive but only moderately specific marker for ES. Neuroendocrine neoplasms exhibit variable NKX2.2 expression and remain a significant potential diagnostic pitfall. Thus, NKX2.2 expression should be interpreted in the context of an appropriate immunohistochemical panel (and often with confirmatory molecular testing) for the accurate diagnosis of ES.