bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drivers and constraints on floral latitudinal diversification gradients
Authors: Jardine Phillip E. , Harrington Guy J. , Sessa Jocelyn A. , Dašková Jiřina 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimThe latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) is a primary emergent property of the biosphere, yet the cause(s) of this pattern are still debated. Key to many hypotheses is the origins and maintenance of tropical hyperdiversity, and the role of climate in driving low latitude speciation. Here, we analyse patterns of tropical and extratropical floral diversification and migration during the early Palaeogene “greenhouse” interval, to shed further light on the relationship between climatic change, latitude and floral diversity.LocationThe early Palaeogene, from ~63 to 42 million years ago, of the US Gulf Coastal Plain (GCP) and Colombia.TaxonTerrestrial plants, using pollen and spores as a proxy.MethodsWe analyse species diversity trends using coverage and sample size‐based interpolation and extrapolation, Chao1 estimated richness, and evenness metrics. Capture–mark–recapture (CMR) modelling is used to estimate origination and extinction probabilities. Origination patterns on the GCP are separated into in situ speciation versus immigration.ResultsWhile Colombian (tropical) palynofloral richness and origination rates increased in conjunction with warming, GCP richness remained stable. The single rise in GCP origination rates, coincident with the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum, was largely driven by the immigration of Eurasian taxa, rather than in situ origination, which was the case in Colombia.Main conclusionsThese results show that the relationships among climatic parameters and diversification and dispersal are not straightforward. While temperature may have driven diversification in the tropics, other factors, such as precipitation, insolation or biological interactions, may have constrained diversification in the extratropics. Furthermore, our results suggest that outward dispersal from the tropics was limited in the warm world of the early Palaeogene, with most GCP immigrants being sourced from other extratropical regions. These findings suggest that the tropics and extratropics may have functioned independently at this time.
Do clinical characteristics predict the cognitive course in early‐onset schizophrenia‐spectrum disorders?
Authors: Teigset Charlotte M. , Mohn Christine , Brunborg Cathrine , Juuhl‐Langseth Monica , Holmén Aina , Rund Bjørn Rishovd 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundBeing in a period with extensive brain maturation, adolescents with early‐onset schizophrenia‐spectrum disorders (EOS) provide unique neurodevelopmental data that may contribute to a better understanding of schizophrenia at all ages. Cognitive dysfunction is a central feature of schizophrenia and is more pronounced in EOS than in later onset illness. However, there is limited research on both the long‐term course of global cognition in EOS, and how cognition over time is influenced by clinical characteristics during the early illness period.MethodsThirty‐one EOS patients and 73 controls (age 12–18) were assessed on clinical variables at baseline (PANSS, duration of untreated psychosis [DUP], hospitalizations, suicide attempts, and remission). Neuropsychological assessments with the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) were conducted at baseline and after both 1 and 2 years, and composite scores of total performances were calculated. The analyses were performed with a linear mixed model.ResultsThe present study found that global cognition followed a stable course over the first years of the disease in EOS, though at a significantly lower level in EOS compared with the controls. We did not detect a relationship between DUP, remission, positive/negative symptoms, and hospitalizations on one hand, and long‐term cognition on the other hand, but PANSS‐general and suicide attempt history at baseline were identified as risk factors of longitudinal cognitive function.ConclusionsThough at different levels, the EOS group and the controls had a similar cognitive course over 2 years. Some baseline characteristics (psychotic symptoms, DUP, remission, and hospitalization) had no influence on cognition within the first 2 years of illness. In contrast, general symptoms and a history of suicide attempts at baseline were more potent risk factors of the cognitive course than the psychotic‐specific symptoms, and should, therefore, be subject to specific attention in the evaluation and treatment of patients with early‐onset psychosis.
Prenatal diet and children's trajectories of hyperactivity–inattention and conduct problems from 3 to 8 years: the EDEN mother–child cohort
Authors: Galera Cédric , Heude Barbara , Forhan Anne , Bernard Jonathan Y. , Peyre Hugo , Van der Waerden Judith , Pryor Laura , Bouvard Manuel‐Pierre , Melchior Maria , Lioret Sandrine , de Lauzon‐Guillain Blandine ,   the EDEN Mother–Child Cohort Study Group
Published: March 2018

BackgroundEvidence shows that diet contributes substantially to lifelong physical and mental health. Although dietary exposure during gestation and early postnatal life is critical, human epidemiological data are limited regarding its link with children's subsequent externalizing issues. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of maternal diet during pregnancy in offspring's symptoms of hyperactivity–inattention and conduct problems from ages 3 to 8 years.MethodsWe used data of 1,242 mother–child pairs from a French cohort followed up from pregnancy until the children were 8 years of age. Dietary patterns (DP) of the mother during pregnancy were assessed with food frequency questionnaires. Children's externalizing behavior was assessed with the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire at ages 3, 5, and 8 years, from which trajectories of hyperactivity–inattention symptoms and conduct problems were derived. We conducted multivariable logistic models to study associations adjusted for a range of potential confounders.ResultsResults showed significant relationships between maternal ‘low Healthy diet’ (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) = 1.61; IC 95%: 1.09–2.37) and ‘high Western diet’ (aOR = 1.67; IC 95%: 1.13–2.47) during pregnancy and children's trajectories of high symptoms of hyperactivity–inattention. The associations took into account relevant confounders such as DP of the children at age 2 years, maternal stress and depression, gestational diabetes, and socioeconomic variables.ConclusionsMaternal diet during pregnancy was independently associated with children's hyperactivity–inattention symptoms but not with conduct problems. Early prevention addressing lifestyle should specifically target diet in pregnant women.
Glycemic extremes are related to cognitive dysfunction in children with type 1 diabetes: A meta‐analysis
Authors: He Jing , Ryder Andrew G , Li Shichen , Liu Wanting , Zhu Xiongzhao 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo examine the magnitude and pattern of cognitive dysfunction in children with type 1 diabetes, and the possible effects associated with other disease variables, such as early onset diabetes, severe hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia.Materials and MethodsWe carried out a meta‐analysis using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis guidelines. We searched MedLine, Embase and PsycINFO to identify studies on cognitive function in children with type 1 diabetes that were published up until 30 September 2016. Effect sizes understood as the standardized mean differences between groups with diabetes and control groups (i.e., Hedges’g) were calculated to quantify the extent of cognitive dysfunction in those groups consisting of children with diabetes.ResultsA total of 19 studies met our inclusion criteria, comprising 1,355 participants with type 1 diabetes and 696 controls. Compared with non‐diabetic controls, children with type 1 diabetes showed a significantly poorer cognitive performance overall (g = −0.46), as well as specific deficits in full‐scale intelligence (g = −1.06), attention (g = −0.60) and psychomotor speed (g = −0.46). Glycemic extremes were associated with poorer overall cognition (g = −0.18), as well as slightly lower performance in memory (g = −0.27).ConclusionsWe found that type 1 diabetes was associated with cognitive dysfunction characterized by a lowered intelligence, diminished attention and a slowing of psychomotor speed. Glycemic extremes, which are described as a period of high glucose levels and severe hypoglycemia, were related to cognitive dysfunction in children with type 1 diabetes.
Circular RNA expression profile analysis of severe acne by RNA‐Seq and bioinformatics
Authors: Liang J. , Wu X. , Sun S. , Chen P. , Liang X. , Wang J. , Ruan J. , Zhang S. , Zhang X. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundAcne is a common chronic skin disease with a multifactorial aetiology and pathogenesis. Recently, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been identified as a key factor in regulating gene expression through circRNA–miRNA–mRNA networks in many biological processes and human diseases. However, the circRNAs expression in patients with acne is still unknown.ObjectiveTo investigate circRNA expression profile in severe acne.MethodsThe expression profile of circRNAs in three paired lesional skin and adjacent non‐lesional skin in severe acne was detected by high‐throughput RNA sequencing technology and bioinformatics analysis. The candidate circRNAs were validated by PCR, Sanger sequencing and qRT‐PCR in the separate group (n = 4). The circRNA–miRNA–mRNA interaction networks were predicted.ResultsA total of 538 circRNAs including 271 up‐ and 267 downregulated circRNAs were differentially expressed in lesional skin compared with adjacent non‐lesional skin in severe acne. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses revealed that the aberrantly expressed circRNAs were primarily involved in inflammatory, metabolism and immune responses. Five candidate circRNAs (circRNA_0084927, circRNA_0001073, circRNA_0005941, circRNA_0086376 and circRNA_0018168) were validated to have significant decrease in severe acne by PCR, Sanger sequencing and qRT‐PCR, in agreement with the results from RNA‐Seq data analysis. The five identified circRNAs were predicted to interact with 213 miRNAs and regulated target gene expression.ConclusionThis study firstly showed that circRNAs were differentially expressed in severe acne and suggested that circRNAs could be used as a potential biomarker for the drug targets of acne.
The role of phototherapy in the surgical treatment of vitiligo: a systematic review
Authors: Lommerts J.E. , Uitentuis S.E. , Bekkenk M.W. , de Rie M.A. , Wolkerstorfer A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractVitiligo is frequently treated with the combination of phototherapy and melanocyte transplantation. However, the additional benefit of phototherapy is unclear. Moreover, the optimal type and regimen of phototherapy are unknown. The objective of this systematic review was to identify whether phototherapy improves the outcome of melanocyte transplantation in vitiligo. We searched and screened for eligible studies in the databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL. We included all clinical studies investigating melanocyte transplantation combined with phototherapy. After screening and selection of abstracts and full‐texts, we found 39 eligible clinical studies with 1624 patients. The eligible studies investigated several phototherapy modalities, such as NBUVB (n = 9), PUVA (n = 19), UVA (n = 1), MEL (n = 4) and active sunlight exposure (n = 9). Four studies directly compared phototherapy versus no phototherapy and two studies confirmed the benefit of phototherapy for melanocyte transplantation. We found no significant differences in repigmentation in studies directly comparing phototherapy modalities. The overall quality of the studies was moderate to poor and high heterogeneity between studies was found. We found limited evidence that phototherapy improves the outcome of melanocyte transplantation in vitiligo. There is insufficient evidence to recommend a specific type or regimen of phototherapy. More studies should be performed investigating the additional benefit of different phototherapies and the preferred moment of phototherapy.
Inverse association for diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease subsequent to both melanoma and non‐melanoma skin cancers in a large, urban, single‐centre, Midwestern US patient population
Authors: Ibler E. , Tran G. , Orrell K.A. , Serrano L. , Majewski S. , Sable K.A. , Thiede R. , Laumann A.E. , West D.P. , Nardone B. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundAlthough literature demonstrates a decreased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in individuals with various cancers, including squamous cell cancers (SCC) and basal cell cancers (BCC) comprising non‐melanoma skin cancers (NMSC), there is a paucity of literature to substantiate an association between malignant melanoma (MM) and AD.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine whether an association exists between MM and AD as well as for NMSC and AD.MethodsA large urban, Midwestern, US, single‐centre, medical record (EMR) data repository was searched between January 2001 and December 2015, to identify all patients at age ≥60 and <89 years with a clinic follow‐up of at least 1 year and no diagnosis for AD, MM or NMSC at the time of the study entry. Data collected included age, gender, race and duration of follow‐up. MM and NMSC were detected by ICD‐9 codes and ICD‐10 codes. Incident diagnosis of AD was also detected by ICD‐9 and ICD‐10 codes. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to obtain crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs).ResultsData for a total of 82 925 patients with known race and gender and were detected. After adjusting for confounding factors (race, gender, age, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease and diabetes), there was a significant decreased risk of subsequent AD in patients with MM (OR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.16–0.96; P = 0.042) as well as in patients with BCC (OR: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.08–0.45; P < 0.0001) and for patients with SCC (OR: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.01–0.56; P = 0.013).ConclusionThese findings add to the growing body of evidence for a decreased risk of AD in patients with various cancers and highlight the need for ongoing research to elucidate both neurologic and biologic mechanisms that may underlie this apparent inverse association.
Safety profile during initiation of propranolol for treatment of infantile haemangiomas in an ambulatory day‐care hospitalization setting
Authors: Fogel I. , Ollech A. , Zvulunov A. , Valdman‐Greenshpon Y. , Atar Snir V. , Friedland R. , Lapidoth M. , Ben‐Amitai D. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundPropranolol is the mainstay of treatment for infantile haemangioma. Despite its good safety profile, it is not risk‐free. Guidelines for propranolol initiation and monitoring have been suggested, but protocols vary among practitioners.ObjectiveThis study sought to assess the prevalence of adverse events and clinically significant fluctuations in haemodynamic parameters in children with infantile haemangioma during initiation of treatment with propranolol in a day‐hospitalization setting.MethodsChildren with infantile haemangioma treated with propranolol in a day‐hospitalization department of a tertiary paediatric medical centre in 2008–2014 were identified retrospectively. The pretreatment evaluation included clinical examination by a paediatric dermatologist and electrocardiography, echocardiography and clinical examination by a paediatric cardiologist. The propranolol dosage was escalated from 0.5 mg/kg/day to 2 mg/kg/day, divided into three doses/day, over 3 days. Heart rate, blood pressure and blood glucose level were measured before treatment onset and 60 min after the first two doses each day. The third dose was given at home.ResultsThe cohort included 220 children aged 1 month to 5 years. No severe treatment‐related adverse events were documented; 27 patients had minor side‐effects. There was a significant decrease in heart rate each day after the first two doses (P < 0.001), and in systolic blood pressure, on day 2 (1 mg/kg/day) after the first dose (P = 0.01). Blood glucose level remained stable. The haemodynamic changes were clinically asymptomatic and did not require intervention.ConclusionsPropranolol treatment (2 mg/kg/day in three doses) for infantile haemangioma is well tolerated and safe and may be administered and monitored in an ambulatory setting.
Manipulation of parental nutritional condition reveals competition among family members
Authors: Keppner Eva M. , Ayasse Manfred , Steiger Sandra 
Published: March 2018

AbstractParental care is thought to be costly, as it consumes time and energy. Such costs might be reduced in animal parents that raise their young on valuable food sources such as dung or carcasses, as parents are able to invest in self‐maintenance by feeding from the same resource. However, this might lower the nutritional value for other family members and, as a consequence, food competition might arise. To promote our understanding of the outcome of such competition, we manipulated the necessity of parents to feed from the resource. Using a full factorial design, we paired food‐deprived or well‐fed males with food‐deprived or well‐fed females of burying beetles, which are known to raise their young on vertebrate cadavers. We found that food‐deprived parents consumed more of the carrion than those that were well‐fed and this had a negative impact on other family members. However, the outcome of the competition depended on the sex of the parents, with females suffering when males fed more and offspring suffering when females fed more. Thus, family life involves selfish elements, as both parents remove resources for the purpose of self‐maintenance. However, females show altruistic aspects, as they appear to restrict their food consumption for the benefit of their offspring when paired with a food‐deprived male. Interestingly, males extend their stay with the brood when having faced food scarcity prior to reproduction, presumably to replenish their energy reserves. Our study therefore reveals that breeding on shared resources can promote family living, but also results in competition.
The role of epistatic interactions underpinning resistance to parasitic Varroa mites in haploid honey bee (Apis mellifera) drones
Authors: Conlon Benjamin H. , Frey Eva , Rosenkranz Peter , Locke Barbara , Moritz Robin F. A. , Routtu Jarkko 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe Red Queen hypothesis predicts that host–parasite coevolutionary dynamics can select for host resistance through increased genetic diversity, recombination and evolutionary rates. However, in haplodiploid organisms such as the honeybee (Apis mellifera), models suggest the selective pressure is weaker than in diploids. Haplodiploid sex determination, found in A. mellifera, can allow deleterious recessive alleles to persist in the population through the diploid sex with negative effects predominantly expressed in the haploid sex. To overcome these negative effects in haploid genomes, epistatic interactions have been hypothesized to play an important role. Here, we use the interaction between A. mellifera and the parasitic mite Varroa destructor to test epistasis in the expression of resistance, through the inhibition of parasite reproduction, in haploid drones. We find novel loci on three chromosomes which explain over 45% of the resistance phenotype. Two of these loci interact only additively, suggesting their expression is independent of each other, but both loci interact epistatically with the third locus. With drone offspring inheriting only one copy of the queen's chromosomes, the drones will only possess one of two queen alleles throughout the years‐long lifetime of the honeybee colony. Varroa, in comparison, completes its highly inbred reproductive cycle in a matter of weeks, allowing it to rapidly evolve resistance. Faced with the rapidly evolving Varroa, a diversity of pathways and epistatic interactions for the inhibition of Varroa reproduction could therefore provide a selective advantage to the high levels of recombination seen in A. mellifera. This allows for the remixing of phenotypes despite a fixed queen genotype.
Effects of different etching modes on the nanoleakage of universal adhesives: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kaczor Kinga , Gerula‐Szymańska Agnieszka , Smektała Tomasz , Safranow Krzysztof , Lewusz Katarzyna , Nowicka Alicja 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this systematic review was to evaluate how etching modes affect the nanoleakage of universal adhesive from in vitro studies.Materials and methodsPubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus and Science Direct electronic databases were searched for in vitro studies that evaluated the nanoleakage of universal adhesives. A total of 511 (after duplicate removal) potentially relevant records were identified in the literature search. The titles and abstracts of the retrieved studies were screened by two independent researchers according to the main concept. Subsequently, the full text of potentially relevant studies was screened using the exclusion criteria. Thirteen studies were subjected to qualitative analysis, and 5 of them were selected for a detailed meta‐analysis.ResultsSeven universal adhesives were evaluated in this review. The meta‐analysis demonstrated that the etch‐and‐rinse technique significantly reduced the nanoleakage of the Peak Universal and G‐Bond Plus adhesives, whereas the self‐etch mode reduced the nanoleakage of All‐Bond Universal. In comparison, the etching technique did not significantly alter the nanoleakage of either Prime&Bond Elect or Scotchbond Universal which was characterized by the smallest nanoleakage.ConclusionsEtching modes significantly, in various ways, influence the nanoleakage of universal adhesives.Clinical significanceContrary to the drive to simplify bonding technologies, an appreciation of their adhesive components and how these perform according to bonding technique could yield a knowledge‐based practical approach that ultimately improves the longevity of direct composite restorations.
Differential transcriptome analysis of zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae challenged by Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Authors: Zhang Qinghua , Ji Ce , Ren Jianfeng , Zhang Qiuyue , Dong Xuehong , Zu Yao , Jia Liang , Li Weiming 
Published: March 2018

AbstractZebrafish embryo and larva represent a useful in vivo model for identification of host innate immune responses to bacterial infection. Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a typical zoonotic pathogen worldwide that causes acute gastroenteritis in humans and vibriosis in fishes. However, the mechanism of the innate immune response in the zebrafish larvae infected by V. parahaemolyticus has not been clear. We analysed the transcriptomic profile of 3 days post‐fertilization (dpf) zebrafish larvae immersed in V. parahaemolyticus 13 (Vp13) strain suspension for 2 hr. A total of 602 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the infection group, of which 175 (29.07%) genes were upregulated and 427 (70.93%) genes were downregulated. These altered genes encoded complement and coagulation cascades, chemokine, TNF signalling pathway, NF‐κB signalling pathway and JAK‐STAT signalling pathway. Some significant DEGs, such as mmp13, cxcr4a, ccl20, hsp70, gngt, serpina1l, il8, cofilin and il11, were subjected to quantitative gene expression analysis, and the results were consistent with those of the transcriptome profile. These results clearly demonstrated that exposure to V. parahaemolyticus for 2 hr could activate innate immune response in 3dpf larvae by altered expression of downstream signalling pathway genes of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Our results also provide a useful reference for future analysis of signal transduction pathways and pathogenesis mechanisms underlying the systemic innate immune response to the external bacteria of V. parahaemolyticus.