bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Footwear Is Assessed in Patient Reported Measures for People with Arthritis: A Scoping Review
Authors: Tehan Peta E. , Carroll Matthew , Dalbeth Nicola , Rome Keith 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundIn people with arthritis, footwear may influence foot function, pain, and mobility. In order to measure the effectiveness of interventions and patient experience, patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs), and patient‐reported experience measures (PREMs) are frequently used. The aim of the scoping review was to identify footwear item content within foot‐specific PROMs and PREMs used in people with arthritis.MethodOriginal studies that developed or validated a footwear‐inclusive PROM or PREM for use in people with arthritis affecting the foot were included. A comprehensive search was conducted using AMED, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Ovid Emcare and Embase. A content analysis of extracted footwear content items was performed, by coding item content and grouping into broad themes, then further narrowing down and defining themes under five main categories.ResultsNineteen articles satisfied inclusion criteria for this scoping exercise. Eleven PROMs met the inclusion criteria, five of which were designed for use in disease‐specific populations (rheumatoid arthritis and gout) and six designed for generic populations. Categories of the footwear specific content from the PROMs included pain, impairment and function, shoe‐specific characteristics, and psychosocial aspects. None of the included PROMs assessed footwear satisfaction. Eight PREMs relating to footwear experiences were identified. Seven of the PREMs were disease specific (inflammatory arthritis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic sclerosis) and one was generic. Content of the footwear‐related items of the included PREMs were categorized under pain, impairment and function, footwear satisfaction, and shoe‐specific characteristics. None of the PREM studies reported on psychosocial aspects of footwear.ConclusionsMany different instruments have been used to measure the experience of footwear in patients with arthritis. However, no comprehensive tool that evaluates footwear and its relationship with pain, impairment, and disability; the psychosocial aspects of footwear; specific footwear features; and satisfaction is currently available for use in people with arthritis.Level of EvidenceIV
Solid thermal explosion of autocatalytic material based on nonisothermal experiments: Multistage evaluations for 2,2′‐azobis(2‐methylpropionitrile) and 1,1′‐azobis(cyclohexanecarbonitrile)
Authors: Yu An‐Dong , Cao Chen‐Rui , Pan Xu‐Hai , Shu Chi‐Min , Wang Wei‐Jun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTo achieve the thermal stability characteristics of azo compounds, a method for characterizing the kinetics of the reaction and decomposition for azo compounds based on nonisothermal calorimetric data was explored. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was employed to analyze the thermal decomposition of two azo compounds, 2,2′‐azobis(2‐methylpropionitrile) and 1,1′‐azobis(cyclohexanecarbonitrile). DSC experiments were performed to acquire the exothermic peak temperature (Tp), exothermic final temperature (Tf), and heat of decomposition (△Hd). Corresponding thermokinetics were calculated using Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa method. Moreover, data determined through DSC experiments were utilized to predict the self‐accelerating decomposition temperature, control temperature, and emergency temperature. A nonisothermal experiment was performed to investigate the runaway characteristics of azo compounds, the melting behavior that occurred in the decomposition process interfered with thermal analysis. Through dividing the reaction into several stages, multistage evaluations were carried out in the process of our study. During the thermal explosion simulation, the actual packing parameter of 25.0 kg was applied to ensure that the simulation results were more practical. Thermal safety parameters acquired from the simulation results can provide information on loss prevention and facilitated the establishment of an emergency relief system.Highlights

The decomposition process was divided into several stages and considered melting behavior.
A green method contributes to intrinsic safety design.
Solid thermal explosion was simulated.
Decentralized adaptive consensus control for discrete‐time heterogeneous semiparametric multiagent systems
Authors: Li Shan , Ma Hongbin 
Published: May 2019

SummaryDifferent from the consensus control of traditional multiagent systems, this paper studies the decentralized adaptive consensus control for discrete‐time heterogeneous hidden leader‐following semiparametric multiagent system, in which the dynamic equation of each agent has both parametric uncertainties and nonparametric uncertainties. In the considered system, there is a hidden leader agent who can receive the reference signal, but it can only affect the states of those agents who are in its neighborhood. For other following agents, they do not know the leader's existence or the reference signal, and they can only receive information from their neighbors. Our goal is to design decentralized adaptive controllers to make sure that all agents can track the reference signal, and the closed‐loop system achieves consensus in the presence of mutual coupling relations. Due to the existence of both parametric and nonparametric uncertainties in the system, we need to estimate them separately. For the parametric part, we propose a novel dead zone with threshold converging to zero to modify the traditional gradient update law, while for the nonparametric part, we introduce an auxiliary variable including both two uncertainties to facilitate the nonparametric uncertainties compensation. Based on the certainty equivalence principle in adaptive control theory, the decentralized adaptive controller is designed for each agent to make sure that all of them can track the reference signal. Finally, under the proposed control protocol, strict mathematical proofs are given by using Lyapunov theory; then, simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed decentralized adaptive controllers.
Electrospun Carbon Nanofiber Sprinkled with Co3O4 as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Alkaline Medium
Authors: Selvakumar Karuppiah , Ulaganathan Mani , Senthil Kumar Sakkarapalayam Murugesan , Thangamuthu Rangasamy , Periasamy Padikkasu , Ragupathy Pitchai 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDesign and development of an efficient and earth abundant electrocatalyst for improving the kinetics of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is considered as important task especially in renewable energy sector and energy‐intensive appliances. In particular, developing a low cost, environmental benign, robust and stable ORR catalyst still remains a challenging task due to its sluggish kinetics. Here in this work we developed a simple and environmentally green electro‐spinning technique for decoration of cobalt oxides (Co3O4) on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers to generate a hybrid nanostructure of carbon nanofiber‐ Co3O4 (CNF‐ Co3O4) during calcinations and employed resultant electrocatalyst towards ORR. The CNF provided active surface to seed as well an anchoring spot for nanocrystals and act as a conducting network. The resulting CNF‐Co3O4 hybrid displayed a supeior ORR current density that surpassed bare CNF and occurred via a 4 electron direct reduction pathway. It may due to the as formed heterogeneous interface during the decoration of Co3O4 on CNF leads to enhanced conductivity and thereby decreases ORR overpotential as well as enhanced reaction rate at CNF‐Co3O4 surface.
Post‐Modification of the Ethene Bridge in the Rational Design of Photochromic Diarylethenes
Authors: Lvov Andrey G. , Yokoyama Yasushi , Shirinian Valerii Z. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFine‐tuning of the molecular structure of organic bistable compounds to improve their photochromic performance or to introduce additional functions remains an important issue in the development of photoresponsive materials. Diarylethenes bearing heterocyclic moieties belong to the most intensively studied class of organic photochromes due to their excellent photochemical properties. A huge number of diarylethenes have been synthesized so far. Analysis of the literature data shows that there are very worthy examples of diarylethenes developed by the Irie and Feringa groups, which can be the common starting material for a number of diarylethenes functionalized in hetaryl moieties. We refer to these structures as photochromic diarylethene precursors. These diarylethenes have proved to be very useful in the construction of functional molecules with desired properties. On the other hand, in our groups, we have elaborated on diarylethene precursors with modifiable ethene bridges. In this review, we have collected examples of such structures and their chemical modifications, leading to the improvement or fine‐tuning of photochromic switching.
Study of biogas slurry concentrated by reverse osmosis system: characteristics, optimization, and mechanism
Authors: Zheng Tianxiang , Qiu Zonglian , Dai Qizhou , Chen Jianmeng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBiogas slurry, also called liquid digestate, refers to the liquid part of the anaerobic digestate produced from the anaerobic digestion process, which is an environmental pollution source if it is discharged without proper treatment. To recover the nutrients in the biogas slurry, a membrane system was designed to concentrate in the work. The effects of pretreatment technology including gravity settling and ultrafiltration process were studied via analyzing the chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH3‐N), total nitrogen (TN), and conductivity. Reverse osmosis was applied in the biogas slurry concentration. The performance of reverse osmosis membrane used in the concentration process was studied by analyzing the permeate and concentrate (retentate), the volume reduction factor, and the concentration factor. The suitable parameters were selected as 20.0‐25.0°C for influent temperature, 0.8‐1.0Mpa for operating pressure, and 6.0‐8.0 for influent pH. Furthermore, the feasible concentration factor was evaluated as 4. The economic, environmental, and social benefits could be gained if (concentrated) biogas slurry was used as an alternative to chemical fertilizers.Practitioner points

Reverse osmosis system was established for biogas slurry concentrating.

The operational factors were optimized on biogas slurry concentrating and separation.

The biogas slurry separation mechanism was discussed.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials
Authors: Mithoefer Michael C. , Feduccia Allison A. , Jerome Lisa , Mithoefer Anne , Wagner Mark , Walsh Zach , Hamilton Scott , Yazar-Klosinski Berra , Emerson Amy , Doblin Rick 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background
Posttraumatic stress disorder is a prevalent mental health condition with substantial impact on daily functioning that lacks sufficient treatment options. Here we evaluate six phase 2 trials in a pooled analysis to determine the study design for phase 3 trials of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD.

Methods
Six randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trials at five study sites were conducted from April 2004 to February 2017. Active doses of MDMA (75–125 mg, n = 72) or placebo/control doses (0–40 mg, n = 31) were administered to individuals with PTSD during manualized psychotherapy sessions in two or three 8-h sessions spaced a month apart. Three non-drug 90-min therapy sessions preceded the first MDMA exposure, and three to four followed each experimental session.

Results
After two blinded experimental sessions, the active group had significantly greater reductions in CAPS-IV total scores from baseline than the control group [MMRM estimated mean difference (SE) between groups − 22.0 (5.17), P < 0.001]. The between-group Cohen’s d effect size was 0.8, indicating a large treatment effect. After two experimental sessions, more participants in the active group (54.2%) did not meet CAPS-IV PTSD diagnostic criteria than the control group (22.6%). Depression symptom improvement on the BDI-II was greatest for the active group compared to the control group, although only trended towards significant group differences [MMRM, estimated mean difference (SE) between groups − 6.0 (3.03), P = 0.053]. All doses of MDMA were well tolerated, with some expected reactions occurring at greater frequency for the active MDMA group during experimental sessions and the 7 days following.

Conclusions
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy was efficacious and well tolerated in a large sample of adults with PTSD. These studies supported expansion into phase 3 trials and led to FDA granting Breakthrough Therapy designation for this promising treatment.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00090064, NCT00353938, NCT01958593, NCT01211405, NCT01689740, NCT01793610.
Peritoneal Flap Hernioplasty for Reconstruction of Large Ventral Hernias: Long‐Term Outcome in 251 Patients
Authors: Nielsen Michael Festersen , de Beaux Andrew , Tulloh Bruce 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundRepair of large ventral hernias is challenging when primary fascial closure cannot be achieved. The peritoneal flap hernioplasty, a modification of the Rives‐Stoppa retromuscular mesh repair, addresses this problem by using the hernial sac to bridge the fascial gap and isolate the mesh from both the intraperitoneal contents and the subcutaneous space. It is applicable to both midline and transverse hernias. We report the results from our institution using this repair based on a retrospective review of 251 cases.MethodsPatients undergoing peritoneal flap hernioplasty repair from January 1, 2010–December 31, 2014 were identified from the Lothian Surgical Audit system, a prospectively maintained computer database of all surgical procedures in the Edinburgh region of southeast Scotland. Patient demographics, clinical presentation, location of the hernia and surgical treatment were obtained from the hospital case‐notes. Follow‐up consisted of a clinical consultation 3 months postoperatively and a retrospective review of patient files completed December 2018. Patients presenting signs of complications were assessed during a clinical review.ResultsTwo hundred and fifty‐one patients underwent incisional hernia repair, 68.1% in the midline and 31.9% arising through transverse incisions. Forty‐three of these (17%) were recurrences referred from other centers. Mean BMI was 32.1 kg/m2 (range 20–59.4 kg/m2). Mean defect width was 9.2 ± 4.2 cm (range 2.5–24.2 cm). Mean mesh size was 752 cm2 (range 150–1760 cm2). Some form of abdominoplasty was performed in 59% of cases. Mean postoperative stay was 6.3 days (range 1–33 days). Mean follow‐up time was 75 months (range 44–104 months). Fifty‐three patients (21.1%) developed postoperative complications. Three (1.2%) developed superficial skin necrosis and 27 (10.8%) a superficial wound infection, but none developed deep mesh infection. Twelve (4.8%) developed symptomatic seroma and 11 (4.4%) a hematoma requiring surgical intervention. Seven (2.8%) patients developed recurrence within the follow‐up period.ConclusionPeritoneal flap hernioplasty is an excellent and versatile method for reconstruction of large ventral hernias arising in both midline and transverse incisions. The technique is safe and associated with few complications and a very low recurrence rate.
Prophylactic Pancreatectomies Carry Prohibitive Mortality at Low‐Volume Centers: A California Cancer Registry Study
Authors: Callahan Ann Falor , Ituarte Philip H. G. , Goldstein Leanne , Warner Susanne G. , Woo Yanghee , Singh Gagandeep , Fong Yuman , Melstrom Laleh G. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundPancreatectomy for malignancy is associated with improved outcomes when performed at high‐volume centers. The goal of this study was to assess pancreatectomy outcomes for premalignant cystic lesions as a function of hospital volume.
MethodsThe Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) was queried for all pancreatectomies performed in California from 2003 to 2011. Cases were stratified, separating benign versus malignant disease. Hospitals were categorized as low‐volume (≤25 pancreatectomies/year; LV) or high‐volume (>25; HV) centers. Perioperative morbidity, mortality, and length of stay were compared in HV vs. LV centers.
ResultsThere were 7554 pancreatectomies performed in 201 hospitals during the study period, where 5652 (75%) procedures were performed for malignancy, 338 (4%) for chronic pancreatitis, and 1564 (21%) for benign/premalignant cysts. The majority of pancreatectomies for cystic disease were performed at LV centers (65%). There were no significant differences in length of stay (7 vs. 8 days; p = 0.6) or 90‐day readmission rates (12.8% vs. 12.9%; p = 1.0) in HV versus LV centers. However, there were higher surgical (46.2% LV vs. 41.1% HV, p = 0.05) and medical (13.3% LV vs. 9.2% HV; p = 0.017) complications at LV centers. Most importantly, there was a fourfold higher in‐hospital mortality at LV centers (2.36% vs. 0.55%; p = 0.007).ConclusionPancreatic resection for benign lesions at HV hospitals is associated with significantly lower morbidity and mortality, suggesting that when feasible, patients should seek care at high‐volume centers for these semi‐elective surgeries.
Incidence, Risk Factors, and Natural Outcome of Vocal Fold Paresis in 920 Thyroid Operations with Routine Pre‐ and Postoperative Laryngoscopic Evaluation
Authors: Heikkinen Maria , Mäkinen Kimmo , Penttilä Elina , Qvarnström Mari , Kemppainen Tatu , Löppönen Heikki , Kärkkäinen Jussi M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine the incidence, risk factors, and spontaneous recovery rate of vocal fold paresis (VFP) with routine laryngoscopy before and after thyroid surgery.MethodsAll consecutive patients undergoing primary or redo thyroid surgery between years 2011–2016 were prospectively registered in an electronic database, and scheduled for pre‐ and postoperative laryngoscopic vocal fold inspection by otolaryngologists independently of the surgical team.ResultsA total of 920 thyroid operations with 1296 nerves at risk were performed in 866 patients. Pre‐ and postoperative laryngoscopy was done in 95% and 98%, respectively. Preoperative VFP was detected in 24 (2.8%) patients. New postoperative VFP was found in 53 of 920 operations (5.8%) and in 55 of 1296 nerves at risk (4.2%). After 12 months, 14 had recovered full vocal fold function and eight had near‐complete recovery. VFP was permanent after 29 operations (3.2%); two patients were lost to follow‐up with uncertain outcome. Of the 1296 nerves at risk, injury was permanent in 30 (2.3%). In multivariate analysis, patients operated for recurrent goiter had nearly nine times higher risk of new VFP (23% rate), whereas patients with malignant histology had three times higher risk of postoperative VFP (up to 22% rate).ConclusionVFP continues to be a serious complication of thyroid surgery, especially in operations for redo goiter and thyroid malignancy. The incidence of VFP may be underestimated unless laryngoscopic examinations are performed routinely.
CODES, S-STRUCTURES, AND EXCEPTIONAL LIE ALGEBRAS
Authors: CUNHA ISABEL , ELDUQUE ALBERTO 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe exceptional simple Lie algebras of types E7 and E8 are endowed with optimal
$\mathsf{SL}_2^n$
-structures, and are thus described in terms of the corresponding coordinate algebras. These are nonassociative algebras which much resemble the so-called code algebras.
Improving soil carbon pool, soil fertility and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) in low-fertile tropical Alfisols by combining fertilizers with slow-decomposing organic amendments
Authors: Chathurika J. A. S. , Kumaragamage D. , Indraratne S. P. , Dandeniya W. S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAmendment of recalcitrant organic materials with high carbon/nitrogen (C/N)-ratio may improve and maintain soil labile C for a longer period, thus enhancing the productivity of soils with low fertility; however, immobilization of N may affect the plant growth negatively. To reduce the negative impacts, recalcitrant organic materials can be pre-incubated with N-rich sources or applied in combination with fertilizers. The current study evaluated sawdust biochar (BC) and pre-incubated cattle manure–sawdust mixture (CS) amendments with synthetic fertilizers in improving soil carbon pool, soil fertility and maize (Zea mays L.) yield on a tropical Alfisol. Four treatments: control, site-specific fertilizer (SSF), site-specific fertilizer with sawdust biochar (BC + SSF) or pre-incubated cattle manure-sawdust mixture (CS + SSF), were evaluated for two seasons with maize. The residual effect was evaluated in the third season. During the year of active C application, lability index, C management index and potentially mineralizable N were significantly greater in CS + SSF than BC + SSF treatment. However, the same indices measured in the third season with no further application of amendments were significantly greater in BC + SSF than in CS + SSF treatment, indicating an increase in more recalcitrant C pool with BC amendment. Application of organic amendments improved soil fertility parameters compared with the application of fertilizer alone. Maize yield was significantly increased by fertilizer, with or without organic amendments; with significantly greater yield in BC + SSF than other treatments. Results suggest that soil amendment with BC had greater potential to improve the soil carbon pool and maintain labile carbon for a longer period than a pre-incubated CS.
One-year all-cause mortality for 338 patients admitted with epistaxis in a large tertiary ENT centre
Authors: Corr M J , Tikka T , Douglas C M , Marshall J 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveEpistaxis is the most common ENT emergency. This study aimed to assess one-year mortality rates in patients admitted to a large teaching hospital.MethodThis study was a retrospective case note analysis of all patients admitted to the Queen Elizabeth University Hospital in Glasgow with epistaxis over a 12-month period.ResultsThe one-year overall mortality for a patient admitted with epistaxis was 9.8 per cent. The patients who died were older (mean age 77.2 vs 68.8 years; p = 0.002), had a higher Cumulative Illness Rating Scale-Geriatric score (9.9 vs 6.7; p &lt; 0.001) and had a higher performance status score (2 or higher vs less than 2; p &lt; 0.001). Other risk factors were a low admission haemoglobin level (less than 128 g/dl vs 128 g/dl or higher; p = 0.025), abnormal coagulation (p = 0.004), low albumin (less than 36 g/l vs more than 36 g/l; p &lt; 0.001) and longer length of stay (p = 0.046).ConclusionThere are a number of risk factors associated with increased mortality after admission with epistaxis. This information could help with risk stratification of patients at admission and enable the appropriate patient support to be arranged.
Investing in French Overseas Companies: A Bad Deal? The Liquidation Processes of Companies Operating on the West Coast of Africa and in India (1664–1719)
Authors: Heijmans Elisabeth 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAlthough French chartered companies operating on the west coast of Africa and in India followed a similar model of organization, their liquidation processes differed depending of the area of their monopoly. As well as exploring the reasons for the distinction between these two regions of exclusive trade, this article demonstrates that the differing liquidation processes negatively impacted company shareholders in the two regions. Taking the perspective of shareholders farther, it explores the case of a specific investor and the informal economic profits he benefitted from. This approach contributes to deepening our understanding of the French early modern companies’ bankruptcies by examining informal aspects that would not be readily visible from an exclusively institutional point of view.