bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracheobronchial foreign body aspiration in children: a 5-year retrospective study from Shanghai, China
Authors: Ding Guodong , Wu Beirong , Vinturache Angela , Cai Chen , Lu Min , Gu Haoxiang 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

Foreign body (FB) aspiration is a common and serious problem in childhood, but little information is available about this condition in Chinese context. We aimed to characterize the clinical and epidemiological features of airway FBs in a pediatric Chinese population.

Methods

A retrospective review of medical records of children aged 0-14 years who attended with a diagnosis of FB aspiration the Shanghai Children's Hospital between 2013 and 2017 was carried out. Descriptive analysis was used to assess patient's demographics, clinical, radiographic, bronchoscopic findings, time to presentation, and characteristics of the FBs.

Results

Among the 200 patients included in the study, 92% were under 3 years of age, with a peak incidence of FB aspiration occurring between 1 and 2 years. The male to female ratio was 2.6:1. Twenty-three percent of the patients were admitted within 24 hours of the event, 40% within 1 week, 30% within 1 month, and 7% more than 1 month after aspiration. Eleven percent were laryngotracheal FBs and 89% were bronchial FBs. The most common presenting symptoms of laryngotracheal FBs were cough, dyspnea, and wheezing; those of bronchial FBs were cough, decreased air entry, and wheezing. Chest X-ray was normal in four-fifths of the children with laryngotracheal FBs, whereas most common abnormal x-ray findings in children with bronchial FBs were mediastinal shift, obstructive emphysema, and pneumonia. In children younger than 2 years FBs were more frequently found in the left bronchus, whereas in older children FBs were more frequently found in the right bronchus. Ninety-three percent of the removed FBs were organic materials such as food items and the most frequently aspirated FBs were peanuts. Flexible bronchoscopy was successfully performed in 80.5% of the patients, while rigid bronchoscopy or direct laryngoscopy in 17.5% of the patients. Four patients were subjected to thoracic surgery and 1 died during bronchoscopy due to acute respiratory failure.

Conclusions

Tracheobronchial FBs should be suspected in children who have sudden onset of cough and wheezing episode, even when physical and radiographic evidence is absent. Flexible bronchoscopy has become the first choice in China used for FB removal from airways in children.
Cyclic compression emerged dual effects on the bone homeostasis of LPS-induced inflammatory human periodontal ligament cells according to loading force
Authors: Jia Ru , Yi Yingjie , Liu Jie , Pei Dandan , Hu Bo , Hao Huanmeng , Wu Linyue , Wang Zhenzhen , Luo Xiao , Lu Yi 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: Appropriate mechanical stimulation is essential for bone homeostasis in healthy periodontal tissues. While the bone homeostasis of inflammatory periodontal tissues under different dynamic loading has not been yet clear. The aim of this study is to clarify the inflammatory, osteogenic and pro-osteoclastic effects of different cyclic stress loading on the inflammatory human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs).
Methods: hPDLCs were isolated from healthy premolars and cultured in alpha minimum Eagle’s medium (α-MEM). Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were used to induce the inflammation state of hPDLCs in vitro. Determination of LPS concentration for the model of inflammatory periodontium was based on MTT and genes expression analysis. Then the cyclic stress of 0, 0-50, 0-90 and 0-150 kPa was applied to the inflammatory hPDLCs for 5 days respectively. mRNA and protein levels of osteogenic, osteoclastic and inflammation-related markers were examined after the treatment.
Results: MTT and RT-PCR results showed that 10 μg/ml LPS up-regulated TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 mRNA levels (P<0.05) and did not affect the cell viability (P>0.05). The excessive loading of stress (150 kPa) with or without LPS strongly increased the expression of inflammatory-related markers TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 (P<0.05) and osteoclastic markers RANKL, PTHLH and CTSK compared with other groups (P<0.05), but had no significant effect on osteogenic genes. While 0-90 kPa cyclic pressure could up-regulate the expression of osteogenic genes ALP, COL-1 and RUNX2 in the healthy hPDLSCs.
Conclusions: Collectively, it could be concluded that 0-150 kPa was an excessive stress loading which accelerated both inflammatory and osteoclastic effects, while 0-90 kPa may be a positive factor for the bone homeostasis of hPDLCs in vitro
Assessment of Fractures in Endodontically Treated Teeth Restored with and without Root Canal Posts Using High-Resolution Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Aristizabal-Elejalde David , Arriola-Guillén Luis Ernesto , Castillo Aron Aliaga-Del , Ruíz-Mora Gustavo Armando , Rodríguez-Cárdenas Yalil Augusto 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: Root fractures are a diagnostic challenge for dentists because their signs and symptoms are not present in all cases, and they are difficult to differentiate from endodontic treatment failures, the purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between the characteristics of tooth fractures and the presence of root canal posts in endodontically treated teeth using high-resolution cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).
Methods: Fifty high-resolution CBCT scans of endodontically treated teeth with a diagnosis of fracture were obtained, of which 30 were from women and 20 were from men. These scans were acquired with three Veraviewepocs 3D units and one 3D Accuitomo 170 unit, with a 40 × 40-mm field of view and 125 μm voxel size. The variables assessed included the type of fracture, extent of fracture, type of retention, post length, cause of endodontic failure, location of the lesion, and time required to detect the fracture (difficulty score). For data analysis, the chi-squared test, Student's t-test, and multiple linear regression (α ˂0.05) were used.
Results: No association was found between the type of fracture and type of retention or between the type of fracture and its extent (P ˃0.05). On the other hand, the type of fracture significantly influenced the time required for its detection. Additionally, the most difficult plane for detecting the fracture and the difficulty score were associated, with statistically significant results.
Conclusions: The type of fracture in endodontically treated teeth was not associated with the type of post used for restoration. All of the CBCT systems used to detect tooth fracture showed the same efficiency.

Keywords: Cone Beam Computed Tomography, Tooth Fracture, Root Canal Post, High Resolution
Ozone saline solution counteracts bisphosphonates noxious effects in primary human gingival fibroblasts
Authors: Bălean Octavia Iulia , Floare Alin Daniel , Focht Roxanne , Jumanca Daniela , Coricovac Dorina Elena , Pinzaru Iulia , Dehelean Cristina , Galuscan Atena , Chioran Doina , Podariu Angela Codruța 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

Bisphosphonates are effective antiresorptive agents frequently used in the treatment of different bone disorders, as osteoporosis, Paget’s disease and tumours that cause osteolysis. A major concern related to bisphosphonates therapy is represented by osteonecrosis of jaw, a serious, debilitating, and mostly, a therapy-resistant disease, reported as a frequent side effect of bisphosphonates. In the present study were proposed two approaches: 1) to verify the impact of four commercially available bisphosphonates, very frequently used as oral (Fosamax - F and Actonel - A) and injectable (Ossica - O and Zoledronic acid - Z) therapy on primary human gingival fibroblasts - HGF viability and 2) to evaluate the protective effect of an ozone saline solution on HGF cells pretreated with bisphosphonates.

Methods

Alamar blue cell viability assay was performed to assess the effect of test compounds (1.5; 2.5; 5 and 10 μM) on gingival fibroblasts viability after a 24 h interval. An ozone - O3 saline solution – 80 µg/mL was added to bisphosphonates pretreated fibroblasts for 24 h and cell viability and cell morphology changes were determined by the means of Alamar blue test and microscopic images.

Results

Fosamax and Actonel induced a significant reduction of HGF cells viability even at concentrations as low as 2.5 μM (82 and 79.33%) and changes in cells morphology (round and floating cells), effects that were reversed by O3 saline solution administration: an increased cell viability after F and A at 2.5 μM: 147.54 and 120.11%), no changes in cells morphology and an improved confluence. Ossica and Zoledronic acid exerted no cytotoxic effect.

Conclusions

In conclusion, in these experimental conditions, injectable bisphosphonates (O and Z) proved to be safe for HGF cells, whereas oral compounds (F and A) were cytotoxic even at low concentrations, effects that were counteracted by O3 saline solution administration. Based on these data, ozone saline solution might represent a therapeutic alternative for bisphosphonates noxious effects on oral mucosa cells.
Antibacterial Effects of Oak Fruit, Jaft, and Jaftex Herbal Mouthwash: A Review
Authors: Cheraghi Maria , Babadi Fatemeh 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Recently, natural products have been evaluated as a source of antimicrobial agent with efficacies against a variety of microorganisms. The antibacterial activities of the oak fruit,inner husk of oak fruit (Jaft), and Jaftex mouthwash have been studiedin several studies. Thisstudy aimedto review the studies ofthe effects of antibacterial properties of the oak fruit, oak fruit hull (Jaft), and Jaftex mouthwash.

Materials and Methods

In this review study, relevant articles related to the antimicrobial activity of the oak fruit, inner husk of oak fruit (Jaft), and 'Jaftex mouthwash' were searched from the current digital literature using electronic databases namely, SID, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, Magiran, Web of Science employing the same keywords from 1990 to 2019.

Results

Oakfruit, inner husk of oak fruit (Jaft), and Jaftex mouthwash have antimicrobial properties against many microorganisms.

Discussion and Conclusion

Antibacterial properties of oak fruit, inner husk ofoak fruit (Jaft) can be used to reverse the antibiotic sensitivity against pathogenic bacteria. Jaftex is recommended as an antibacterial and anti-plaque mouthwash.
Event-related Potential Additivity as an Index of Neural Independence
Authors: Valentine Geoffrey , Zeitlin Margarita , Kuo Chu-Hsuan , Osterhout Lee 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background
Scalp-recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) are poorly suited for certain types of source analysis. For example, it is often difficult to precisely assess whether two ERP waveforms were produced by similar neural sources, especially when the waveforms share the same polarity and a similar scalp topography and temporal dynamics. We report here an alternative method to establishing independence of neural sources grounded in the principle of superposition, which stipulates that electrical fields summate where they intersect in time and space. We assessed the independence of two frequently reported positive waves in the ERP literature, the P300 (elicited by unexpected stimuli) and P600 (elicited by syntactic anomalies). Subjects read sentences that contained a word that was either non-anomalous, unexpected in one feature (capitalized, different font, different font color, or ungrammatical), or unexpected in two features (capitalized and different font style, capitalized and different font color, or capitalized and ungrammatical). Thus, in the double anomaly condition, the similarity between a shared feature (i.e., capitalization) and a second feature was systematically manipulated across conditions from larger degree (i.e., font style) to lesser degree (i.e., ungrammatical) of feature similarity.

Results
We quantified the degree of source independence for the features of interest by applying a novel Additivity Index, which compares ERPs elicited by the doubly anomalous words to composite waveforms formed by mathematically summing the ERP response to singly anomalous words. The degree of source independence is reflected by the degree of summation, with Additivity scores ranging from 0 (completely non-independent) to 1 (completely independent). The computed Additivity Index values varied with feature similarity in the predicted direction: similar features demonstrated lower Additivity Index values, or lower degrees of independence. On the other hand, dissimilar features manifested robust additivity, resulting in larger AI values.

Conclusion
We quantified the degree to which the P600 and P300 effects are neurally distinct across stimulus features with varying degrees of similarity by computing a continuous measure of independence via the Additivity Index. These findings indicate that the Additivity Index provides a valid and general method for quantifying the neural independence of scalp-recorded brain potentials.
Meaning in life and quality of life: comparison between palliative care patients and a representative sample of the Swiss population
Authors: Bernard Mathieu , Berchtold André , Strasser Florian , Gamondi Claudia , Borasio Gian Domenico 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background and objectives
Existential areas, and in particular the concept of meaning in life, represent a key topic in palliative care. The aims of this study are to explore (i) the differences in perceived meaning in life (MIL) and in the meaning-relevant life areas between a representative sample of the Swiss population and palliative care patients, and (ii) to what extent MIL can be considered as a significant predictor of quality of life (QOL) in the two populations.
Methods
A cross sectional study was conducted separately for the patients (face-to-face interviews) and the representative sample of the Swiss population (telephone survey). MIL was measured with the Schedule for Meaning in Life Evaluation (SMILE) and QOL with a with a single item visual analogue scale (0-10). Socio-demographic variables were controlled for in the analyses.
Results
206 palliative care patients and 1015 participants from the Swiss population completed the protocol. Results indicated high MIL scores in both population even if the difference was significant (patients 81.9 vs general population 87, p<.001). Compared to the Swiss population, patients were more likely to cite “family” (OR=1.78), “social relations” (OR=1.9), “spirituality and religion” (OR=3.93), “social commitment” (OR=1.94), and “growth” (OR=2.07), and less likely to cite “finances” (OR=0.15) and “health” (OR=0.21) as MIL-relevant areas. The SMILE scores and MIL areas explained 21.8% of the QOL variance for the palliative care patients and 15.1% for the representative sample.
Conclusions
Our data emphasize the importance of MIL as a contributor to QOL in both clinical and non-clinical settings. From a clinical perspective, it highlights the importance of the life areas contributing to MIL, in particular the social interactions, since they play a significant role for the patients’ QOL.
NUTRITION EDUCATION AND COUNSELING AT HOSPITAL DETERMINES DIETARY ADHERENCE OF DIABETES PATIENTS
Authors: bayih mulat tirfie , Tadesse Sebsbie , Woldie Haile , Abate Teshager Woldegiorgis , Belete Minyichil Birhanu 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background: Adherence to healthy meal plan can delay and prevent complications from diabetes. However, feeding habits of the patients is not well known in many developing countries including Ethiopia.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the dietary adherence and associated factors among diabetes patient at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahirdar City Northwest Ethiopia.
Methods: Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among systematically selected 385 diabetes patients from March to April, 2017 at Felege-Hiwot Referral hospital, Bahir Dar Northwest Ethiopia. Quantitative data were collected by using a pre-tested and structured questionnaire. To supplement their experiences, views and perception, participants were selected purposely for in-depth interviews. Logistic regression was used to identify associations between dependent and explanatory variables. Statically significant was considered at p value < 0.05 with 95% CI. The qualitative data were analyzed in content line by line with quantitative findings.
Results: The overall proportion of poor dietary adherence among diabetes patients was 46.8% (95% CI: 41.1- 52.0). Living in rural (AOR=3. 75;95% CI: 2.12-6.63), duration of diabetes less than 5 years (AOR=2. 81; 95% CI: 1.22-6.50), didn’t get nutrition education (AOR=5. 88; 95% CI: 3.30-10.48), poor social support (AOR=3. 84; 95% CI: 1.74-8.46) and didn’t make choices on food when they ate out (AOR=3. 49; 95% CI: 2.09-5.81) were significantly associated with poor dietary practice.
Conclusion: Considerable numbers of diabetes patients in this study were non-adhered to the recommended diet and to improve their dietary practice; attention should be given to nutrition education.
Keywords: Nutrition education , Diabetes, Diet, Ethiopia.
Tuberculosis among economic migrants: A cross‐sectional study of the risk of poor treatment outcomes and impact of a treatment adherence intervention among temporary residents in an urban district in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
Authors: Vo Luan Nguyen Quang , Codlin Andrew James , Forse Rachel Jeanette , Nguyen Hoa Trung , Vu Thanh Nguyen , Truong Vinh Van , Do Giang Chau , Nguyen Lan Huu , Le Giang Truong , Caws Maxine 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major cause of avoidable deaths. Economic migrants represent an underserved population due to their exposure to medical and social risk factors, which can affect their health.
Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated WHO-defined TB treatment outcomes among economic migrants in an urban district of Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam. We measured the association of a patient’s government-defined residency status with treatment success and loss to follow-up categories at baseline and performed a comparative interrupted time series analysis to assess the impact of community-based adherence support on treatment outcomes.
Results: Short-term, inter-province migrants experienced lower treatment success (aRR=0.95 [0.92-0.99], p=0.010) and higher loss to follow-up (aOR=1.98 [1.44-2.72], p<0.001) than permanent residents. Intra-province migrants were similarly more likely to be lost to follow-up (aOR=1.86 [1.03-3.36], p=0.041). There was evidence that patients >55 years of age (aRR=0.93 [0.89-0.96], p<0.001), relapse patients (aRR=0.89 [0.84-0.94], p<0.001), and retreatment patients (aRR=0.62 [0.52-0.75], p<0.001) had lower treatment success rates. TB/HIV co-infection was also associated with lower treatment success (aRR=0.77 [0.73-0.82], p<0.001) and higher loss to follow-up (aOR=2.18 [1.55-3.06], p<0.001). The provision of treatment adherence support increased treatment success (IRR(β6)=1.07 [1.00, 1.15], p=0.041) and reduced loss to follow-up (IRR(β6)=0.17 [0.04, 0.69], p=0.013) in the intervention districts. Loss to follow-up continued to decline throughout the post-implementation period (IRR(β7)=0.90 [0.83, 0.98], p=0.019).
Conclusions: Economic migrants, particularly those crossing provincial borders, have higher risk of poor treatment outcomes and should be prioritized for tailored adherence support. In light of accelerating urbanization in many regions of Asia, implementation trials are needed to inform evidence-based design of strategies for this vulnerable population.
Challenges facing measles elimination: the Lebanese experience
Authors: Zarif Talal El , Kassir Mohamed Faisal , Bizri Nazih , Kassir Ghida , Musharrafieh Umayya , Bizri Abdul Rahman 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

Despite achieving a high vaccine coverage of measles, Lebanon, like many other countries, is still far away from achieving measles eradication. In this article, the trend of measles outbreaks in Lebanon was studied in an attempt to outline the factors that explain why the eradication plan has failed and provided potential solutions to overcome them. The relationship between the incidence of measles and mumps outbreaks in Lebanon was explored and delineated

Methods

In this observational study, cases of measles and mumps in Lebanon recorded between 2002 and 2018 were collected from the Lebanese Ministry of Public Health Epidemiological Surveillance Unit public database. The data was plotted on graphs taking into consideration the dates of the cases, age groups affected, and vaccination status.

Results

The average number of measles cases in the 1-4 years age group was the highest and was equal to 189.9 cases/year. This value declined in individuals aging less than 14 years but was followed by an increase to 82.7 cases/year in individuals older than 14 years. Following every spike in measles cases during the period between 2002 and 2018, a parallel increase in mumps cases was seen on multiple occasions. Strikingly, an average of 27.1% of the recorded measles cases belonged to vaccinated individuals, while 32.1% were unvaccinated and 40.74% had an unspecified vaccination status.

Conclusions

Although measles is a disease that mainly targets children, it seems essential that booster immunization programs must be held to protect young adults. The close relationship between measles and mumps incidence in Lebanon might aid in anticipating future outbreaks in order to take action before their occurrence. Finally, vaccine handling and storage in Lebanon must be re-assessed in lights of the occurrence of measles outbreaks to ensure implementing best appropriate vaccine handling till administration. Eradication plans must be tailored to hone and fit the Lebanese context.
Multi-centers clinicopathological prognosis study of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors of urogenital system in China
Authors: Chen Bo , Xu He , Cao Dehong , Guo Jianbing , Chen Zeyu , Huang Yin , Qiu Shi , Lin Tianhai , Ma Na , Liu Liangren , Wei Qiang 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Purpose: We aimed at investigate a series of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) of urogenital system in multi-centers in China.
Materials and methods: Within the pathologic databases at West China Hospital of Sichuan University and the Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, we identified 33 individuals with IMTs from May 2009 to January 2019
Results: A total of 33 patients with IMTs of urogenital system were identified. The median age of all the individuals was 39.5 years (range 0-74 years). The most common presentations were hematuria (13patients), pain (12 patients), and mass (12 patients). In addition, other clinical symptoms included dysuria, urinary frequency, and fever. Fourteen individuals were diagnosed with anemia, including 10 mild anemia patients and 4 moderate anemia cases. Moreover, neutrophil was the dominant inflammatory cell type. The main positive markers of immunohistochemistry staining included SMA (22/25), MSA (8/9), CD34 (15/17), and CD68 (3/3). Surgery resection was the sole treatment for all the patients. Follow- up was available in 23 patients during a median follow-up period of 78.3 months (range 19.2-118.8 months), and either recurrence or metastasis was detected in any patients except one patients died from retroperitoneum IMTs.
Conclusion: This study confirmed that urogenital system IMTs, with potential of recurrence or metastasis, are extremely rare. In summary, although favorable prognosis was observed in IMTs of urogenital system, closely follow-up is essential and needed.