bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predominance of methanogens over methanotrophs in rewetted fens characterized by high methane emissions
Authors: Wen Xi , Unger Viktoria , Jurasinski Gerald , Koebsch Franziska , Horn Fabian , Rehder Gregor , Sachs Torsten , Zak Dominik , Lischeid Gunnar , Knorr Klaus-Holger , Böttcher Michael E. , Winkel Matthias , Bodelier Paul L. E. , Liebner Susanne 
Published: November 2018

Abstract. The rewetting of drained peatlands alters peat geochemistry and often leads
to sustained elevated methane emission. Although this methane is produced
entirely by microbial activity, the distribution and abundance of
methane-cycling microbes in rewetted peatlands, especially in fens, is rarely
described. In this study, we compare the community composition and abundance
of methane-cycling microbes in relation to peat porewater geochemistry in two
rewetted fens in northeastern Germany, a coastal brackish fen and a
freshwater riparian fen, with known high methane fluxes. We utilized 16S rRNA
high-throughput sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) on 16S
rRNA, mcrA, and pmoA genes to determine microbial community
composition and the abundance of total bacteria, methanogens, and
methanotrophs. Electrical conductivity (EC) was more than 3 times higher in
the coastal fen than in the riparian fen, averaging 5.3 and 1.5 mS cm−1,
respectively. Porewater concentrations of terminal electron acceptors (TEAs) varied
within and among the fens. This was also reflected in similarly high intra-
and inter-site variations of microbial community composition. Despite these
differences in environmental conditions and electron acceptor availability,
we found a low abundance of methanotrophs and a high abundance of
methanogens, represented in particular by Methanosaetaceae, in both
fens. This suggests that rapid (re)establishment of methanogens and slow
(re)establishment of methanotrophs contributes to prolonged increased methane
emissions following rewetting.
From Anti-humanism to Post-humanism: Hermann Hesse's Steppenwolf
Authors: Mathäs Alexander 
Published: November 2018

Hermann Hesse’s Steppenwolf (1927) can be regarded as a post-humanist novel for several reasons. It is post-humanist in a temporal sense because it engages with the nineteenth-century humanist legacy from a twentieth-century perspective. The novel’s brazen critique of traditional bourgeois values does not simply reject humanism and its philosophy of individual autonomy. It dislodges idealist concepts of wholeness and self-perfection and replaces them with a multi-perspectival view of a continuously changing human consciousness, an open-ended process toward an ever-elusive self-awareness.
The protagonist of Hesse’s novel, Harry Haller, even though still heavily influenced by the humanist tradition, can no longer be viewed as a clearly defined individual personifying the Cartesian dichotomy of body and mind. On the contrary, Hesse’s novel depicts Haller’s gradual disillusionment with this idealist world view by giving a detailed account of the deconstruction of his personality – a personality that, as it turns out, does not consist of a spiritual essence but dissolves into an accumulation of acquired conventions, habits, cultural and philosophical traditions, even specific historical events and constellations. Yet Hesse’s attempt to go beyond a mere negation of humanist values implies transcending the humanist paradigm in many respects, including its form.
This essay will focus on the novel’s subversion of the humanist tradition. It discloses how Hesse’s novel undermines universalist philosophical claims, regardless of whether they belong to the idealist or anti-idealist Nietzschean philosophy that heavily influenced both the protagonist and his author. In light of the novel’s dismantling of binary reasoning, foregrounded in the protagonist’s man-animal division, the essay challenges conventional wisdom among critics who regard Hesse’s literary works as traditionalist.
Clouds: The Tyranny of Irony over Philosophy
Authors: Stern Michael 
Published: November 2018

Both Søren Kierkegaard and Friedrich Nietzsche maintained an abiding concern for Socrates throughout their productive lives. Kierkegaard wrote his dissertation on irony through a Socratic lens and Nietzsche once declared that try as he might, he could not completely separate his concerns from those he associated with the Greek.
Kierkegaard famously favored Aristophanes’ portrait of Socrates in his comedy Clouds, claiming that it accurately portrayed the illegibility of the ironist. Nietzsche leaned toward Xenophon’s Socratic writings but most famously blamed Plato’s Socrates for the demise of tragic culture. Kierkegaard and Nietzsche engaged with the variety of Socratic depictions throughout their careers and perhaps more importantly, both employed irony in a Socratic fashion inflected by textual concerns. In other words, Kierkegaard and Nietzsche understood irony as both the indication of an epistemological limit, and as a strategy to induce the reader to think herself into the text. My article “Clouds: The Tyranny of Irony over Philosophy” analyzes this common concern and its implications for our understanding of European modernity.
Inappropriate Questions Asked of Female Orthopaedic Surgery Applicants From 1971 to 2015: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Bohl Daniel D. , Iantorno Stephanie E. , Kogan Monica 
Published: November 2018

Introduction:
The Civil Rights Act prohibits employers from making employment decisions based on sex, race, color, religion, or national origin. Questions regarding these topics during a residency interview are therefore prohibited.

Methods:
A questionnaire was sent to all female orthopaedic surgeons who had an e-mail address in the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons directory. Participants were asked to describe what, if any, inappropriate questions they were asked during interviews.

Results:
Four hundred eighty-eight of 997 invited female orthopaedic surgeons completed the questionnaire (48.9%). Their residency interviews took place from 1971 to 2015. Overall, 61.7% of participants were asked an inappropriate question during an interview. This proportion neither increased nor decreased from 1971 to 2015 (P = 0.315). The most common themes of questions included “raising children during residency” (37.9%), “marital status” (32.4%), and “pregnancy during residency” (29.7%). Of those who were asked an inappropriate question, only 1.4% reported the inappropriate question to authorities.

Discussion:
The present study suggests that over half of female applicants have been asked inappropriate questions at orthopaedic surgery residency interviews, and that there has been no improvement in that percentage over nearly five decades. It is the responsibility those interviewing to be aware of this issue and to be in compliance with national guidelines.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV
The Role of the Pathologist in Population Health
Authors: Gross David J. , Kennedy Mary , Kothari Tarush , Scamurra David O. , Wilkerson Myra L. , Crawford James M. , Cohen Michael B. 
Published: November 2018

Context.—
As part of its value-based care initiative, the College of American Pathologists has pursued research to better understand the role pathologists can have in population health.

Objectives.—
To answer the following questions: (1) what is the impact of population health and population health management on pathologists; (2) what roles are pathologists playing in population health management; (3) is population health something that pathologists in both larger and smaller settings can engage in; (4) are pathologists in a position to analyze laboratory data for population health, and, if so, what are the key information sources those pathologists must access; and (5) what steps can a pathologist take to become involved in population health?

Design.—
We conducted 10 semistructured interviews with pathologists and other medical laboratory leaders who have been active in population health. These interviews were supplemented with a review of the medical literature.

Results.—
Pathologists have demonstrated that laboratory data can provide unique value-added contributions to improving the health of populations. These contributions are not limited to pathologists in large, integrated settings. However, pathologists need to be proactive to contribute to health systems' population health efforts and may need to both enhance their own skills and the quality of their data to maximize the value of their contributions.

Conclusions.—
Although not necessarily a definitive summary of the roles that pathologists are playing in population health, this article identifies some of the promising and innovative activities occurring among pathologists and laboratorians.
L’usager d’abord
Authors: Perron Nicole 
Published: November 2018

Lors du prochain congrès de l’ASTED, dont le thème sera « L’usager d’abord », plusieurs aspects des relations entre les usagers et le milieu documentaire seront abordés. L’auteur décrit le contenu des journées thématiques : la connaissance des « clientèles », l’adaptation des services offerts aux usagers et l’intégration au milieu.
Technologies optiques, CD-ROM, et bibliothèques
Authors: Deschâtelets Gilles , Simoneau Marcel 
Published: November 2018

Les auteurs proposent une vue d’ensemble de la nouvelle industrie des technologies optiques et de leurs applications dans le marché de l’information documentaire et notamment, celui des bibliothèques.
Après avoir présenté les aspects techniques et une typologie des nouveaux produits optiques, ils discutent des avantages et des inconvénients du CD-ROM comme support d’information, des opportunités de commercialisation de ce nouveau produit et des caractéristiques du marché des technologies optiques. Ils s’attardent plus particulièrement au marché des bibliothèques et au rôle de ces dernières rôle de consommation et de production face à ce nouveau support.
Dans la seconde partie de cet article, ils présenteront les différents produits disponibles pour les bibliothèques et ils analyseront plus en détail les interfaces et modes d’accès et les méthodes d’évaluation (descriptive, comparative, expérimentale) des produits et systèmes sur le marché.
Bibliothèques publiques et conseils d’administration
Authors: Matte Pierre 
Published: November 2018

L’administration et le financement des bibliothèques publiques devraient-ils être confiés à des conseils d’administration ? Après un examen du rôle et des qualités des différents modes d’administration des bibliothèques, des critères sont proposés pour le choix d’une structure administrative adaptée aux besoins du milieu.
La bibliothèque/médiathèque en milieu scolaire : paradoxe de la théorie confrontée à la pratique ?
Authors: Bernhard Paulette 
Published: November 2018

Les bibliothèques ou les médiathèques peuvent jouer un rôle primordial dans les activités d’apprentissage, ainsi que dans l’acquisition d’habiletés intellectuelles de base.
L’auteur résume ici les grandes lignes d’une recherche effectuée dans six écoles polyvalentes francophones de la région de Montréal et aborde successivement les points suivants : la problématique et la recension des écrits, l’exploration théorique sur la place de la bibliothèque/médiathèque en éducation, la méthodologie de l’enquête sur le terrain et l’analyse des résultats.
Télédéchargement et création de bases de données locales : communication, conversion et droit d’auteur
Authors: Henry-Rousseau Yvette , Mili Fethy , Cournoyer Sylvie 
Published: November 2018

La création de bases de données locales à partir d’un télédéchargement suscite de plus en plus l’intérêt des spécialistes de l’information. Le texte qui suit analyse les différentes facettes de cette question.
Suite à un exposé historique du processus de création de bases de données par télédéchargement, les étapes sont expliquées et l’on présente quelques types de logiciel de télécommunications.
La deuxième partie comprend la définition et le rôle de la conversion. On met l’accent sur les aspects techniques qui composent le traitement des données télédéchargées. Plusieurs exemples illustrent ce procédé.
La troisième partie expose une brève revue historique de la loi américaine du droit d’auteur et aborde les problèmes légaux liés aux différents types de télédéchargement. Les préoccupations des producteurs et des serveurs sont signalées de même que les diverses actions entreprises pour tenter de contrôler le télédéchargement.
Étude de milieu et stratégies de promotion des services documentaires
Authors: Savard Réjean 
Published: November 2018

Les services d’information documentaire fonctionnent comme des « systèmes ouverts ». À ce titre, ils sont en constantes interactions avec leur environnement. L’Etat subventionne les divers organismes d’information documentaire en échange de services efficaces. Le marketing est un outil qui permet de maximiser et de rentabiliser cet échange. Grâce au plan de marketing, le gestionnaire pourra mettre sur pied des stratégies propres à augmenter l’efficacité du service. Le marketing est une « philosophie de gestion » qui place l’usager des services documentaires au centre des préoccupations.
Convergences ou divergences de vues ? L’effet sur l’innovation des différences de perception entre gouvernance et entreprises d’un technopôle
Authors: Berthinier-Poncet Anne , Grama-Vigouroux Simona , Saidi Sana 
Published: November 2018

Dans cette recherche, nous examinons les différences de perception entre gouvernance et entreprises au regard des pratiques institutionnelles d’innovation d’un technopôle et discutons l’impact de ces différences sur la performance d’innovation des entreprises technopolitaines. Ceci répond à un défi majeur du management public : évaluer l’efficacité des pratiques de gouvernance des pôles sur l’innovation. Notre analyse de la Technopole de l’Aube montre que, sur les vingt pratiques institutionnelles d’innovation, deux grandes différences perceptuelles émergent : l’une relative à la formulation de la stratégie et l’autre au développement de projets collaboratifs. Ces différences de perception pourraient influencer négativement la performance d’innovation des entreprises technopolitaines.
Cardiovascular Disease as a Result of the Interactions Between Obesity, Climate Change, and Inflammation: The COCCI Syndemic
Authors: Clearfield Michael , Davis Glenn , Weis Jennifer , Gayer Gregory , Shubrook Jay H. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Obesity and climate change conspire to create an environment in which subclinical vascular inflammation leads to progressive atherosclerosis, which contributes to the number 1 cause of global mortality: cardiovascular disease. The syndemic model requires 2 or more diseases or contributors to disease (such as obesity and climate change) clustering within a specific population in addition to the associated societal and social factors, ultimately creating an environment supportive of a greater adverse interaction. This article explores the syndemic of obesity and climate change as a driver for cardiovascular disease.
Genetic population structure of the pelagic mollusk Limacina helicina in the Kara Sea
Authors: Abyzova Galina Anatolievna , Nikitin Mikhail Aleksandrovich , Popova Olga Vladimirovna , Pasternak Anna Fedorovna 
Published: November 2018

Background
Pelagic pteropods Limacina helicina are widespread and can play an important role in the food webs and in biosedimentation in Arctic and Subarctic ecosystems. Previous publications have shown differences in the genetic structure of populations of L. helicina from populations found in the Pacific Ocean and Svalbard area. Currently, there are no data on the genetic structure of L. helicina populations in the seas of the Siberian Arctic. We assessed the genetic structure of L. helicina from the Kara Sea populations and compared them with samples from around Svalbard and the North Pacific.

Methods
We examined genetic differences in L. helicina from three different locations in the Kara Sea via analysis of a fragment of the mitochondrial gene COI. We also compared a subset of samples with L. helicina from previous studies to find connections between populations from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

Results
65 individual L. helinica from the Kara Sea were sequenced to produce 19 different haplotypes. This is comparable with numbers of haplotypes found in Svalbard and Pacific samples (24 and 25, respectively). Haplotypes from different locations sampled around the Arctic and Subarctic were combined into two different groups: H1 and H2. The H2 includes sequences from the Kara Sea and Svalbard, was present only in the Atlantic sector of the Arctic. The other genetic group, H1, is widespread and found throughout all L. helicina populations. ϕ ST analyses also indicated significant genetic difference between the Atlantic and Pacific regions, but no differences between Svalbard and the Kara Sea.

Discussion
The obtained results support our hypothesis about genetic similarity of L. helicina populations from the Kara Sea and Svalbard: the majority of haplotypes belongs to the haplotype group H2, with the H1 group representing a minority of the haplotypes present. In contrast, in the Canadian Arctic and the Pacific Ocean only haplogroup H1 is found. The negative values of Fu’s Fs indicate directed selection or expansion of the population. The reason for this pattern could be an isolation of the Limacina helicina population during the Pleistocene glaciation and a subsequent rapid expansion of this species after the last glacial maximum.
Canadian packaged gluten-free foods are less nutritious than their regular gluten-containing counterparts
Authors: Jamieson Jennifer A. , Weir Mary , Gougeon Laura 
Published: November 2018

Background
A strict gluten-free (GF) diet is required for the management of celiac disease (CD). The nutritional adequacy of this diet has been questioned due to the elimination of wheat, an important vehicle for micronutrient fortification and source of fibre. While novel and/or reformulated packaged GF products have rapidly entered the marketplace, providing alternatives to wheat-based staples, it is unknown whether these new products are nutritionally comparable.

Methods
From a database of 3,851 foods collected across 21 grocery stores in Eastern Canada, we compared the nutrient content of 398 unique GF items with 445 gluten-containing (GC) equivalents. Wilcoxon rank tests were conducted on listed nutrient content (g, mg, µg) per 100 g of product and the nutrient contribution of iron, folate and fibre were evaluated using Health Canada’s nutrient claim regulations.

Results
GF staples (cereals, breads, flours, pastas) contained 1.3 times more fat and less iron (by 55%), folate (by 44%) and protein (by 36%), than GC counterparts (P < 0.0001). On average, GF pastas had only 37% of the fibre in GC pastas (P < 0.0001). Notably, GF and GC flours were equivalent in nutrient content. Despite GF and GC flours having similar nutritional content, the vast majority of the processed GF foods fell short in key nutrients.

Discussion
Packaged GF foods in Canada are generally less nutritious than their GC counterparts, suggesting that GF diets should not be promoted to those who do not require it. The use of nutrient-dense GF flours in homemade foods may improve nutrient intakes on the GF diet.
Os Estudos de Gênero na Graduação em Psicologia: uma análise em Salvador, Bahia
Authors: Cannone Lara Araujo Roseira 
Published: November 2018

<p>Historicamente, a formação em Psicologia apresenta uma resistência em incorporar certas discussões, como os estudos de gênero, apesar de a produção acadêmica sobre a temática ter se intensificado desde a década de 1970. Em geral, este campo ainda não possui oficialização enquanto ciência nas universidades e pouca inserção nos cursos. Este artigo pretende discutir o espaço delimitado aos estudos de gênero nas graduações em Psicologia, situadas em Salvador, Bahia, especialmente a partir da análise das matrizes curriculares e da adscrição do corpo docente à temática de gênero. A partir disso, propõe-se a refletir sobre a capacidade de transformação social pela educação quando alinhada com as demandas socio-históricas e as suas implicações para o futuro da profissão, especialmente no que se refere à formação das próximas gerações de psicólogas e psicólogos. </p><p> </p>
Tradução Juramentada: Diretrizes para Retratação do Comitê de Ética em Publicações (COPE)
Authors: COPE Committee on Publication Ethics 
Published: November 2018

<p><strong>Referência do documento original</strong>:</p><p><span>ELIZABETH WAGER et. all. (Inglaterra). Comitê de Ética em Publicações (COPE). </span><strong>Diretrizes para Retratação. </strong><span>2009. Disponível em: &lt;www.publicationethics.org&gt;. Acesso em: 16 ago. 2018.</span></p><p><strong>Link direto para o documento original (em inglês)</strong>:</p><p>&lt;https://publicationethics.org/files/retraction%20guidelines.pdf&gt;.</p><div class="page" title="Page 6"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span><strong>Licença presente no documento original</strong>:</span></p><p><span>© 2009 COPE. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</span></p></div></div></div></div>
Near‐Infrared Electron Acceptors with Fluorinated Regioisomeric Backbone for Highly Efficient Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Fang‐Xiao , Xu Jing‐Qi , Liu Zhi‐Xi , Chen Ming , Xia Ruoxi , Yang Yongchao , Lau Tsz‐Ki , Zhang Yingzhu , Lu Xinhui , Yip Hin‐Lap , Jen Alex K.‐Y. , Chen Hongzheng , Li Chang‐Zhi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSolar photon‐to‐electron conversion with polymer solar cells (PSCs) has experienced rapid development in the recent few years. Even so, the exploration of molecules and devices in efficiently converting near‐infrared (NIR) photons into electrons remains critical, yet challenging. Herein presented is a family of near‐infrared nonfullerene acceptors (NIR NFAs, T1–T4) with fluorinated regioisomeric A–Aπ–D–Aπ–A backbones for constructing efficient single‐junction and tandem PSCs with photon response up to 1000 nm. It is found that the tuning of the regioisomeric bridge (Aπ) and fluoro (F)‐substituents on a molecular skeleton strongly influences the backbone conformation and conjugation, leading to the optimized optoelectronic and stable stacking of resultant NFAs, which eventually impacts the performance of derived PSCs. In PSCs, the proximal NFAs with varied F‐atoms (T1–T3) mostly outperform than that of distal NFA (T4). Notably, single‐junction PSC with PTB7‐Th:T2 blend can reach 10.87% power conversion efficiency (PCE), after implementing a solvent additive to improve blend morphology. Moreover, efficient tandem PSCs are fabricated through integrating such NIR cells with mediate bandgap nonfullerene‐based subcells, to achieve a PCE of 14.64%. The results reveal the structural design of organic semiconductor and device with improved photovoltaic performance.