bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing a portable, real‐time display handheld meter with UV‐A and UV‐B sensors for potential application in personal sun exposure studies
Authors: du Preez D. J. , du Plessis J. L. , Wright C. Y. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundObserving accurate real‐time measurements of solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) levels is important since personal excess sun exposure is associated with skin cancers. Handheld measurement devices may be helpful but their accuracy is unknown. We compare a portable, science‐grade solar UVR monitoring device against two fixed, science‐grade solar UVR instruments.MethodsInstruments were (1) a fixed Solar Light 501 UV‐B biometer to measure UV‐B; (2) a fixed Kipp and Zonen radiometer used to measure UV‐A and UV‐B; and (3) Goldilux ultraviolet probes which are commercially available portable devices. Two different probes were used, one measured UV‐A and the other UV‐B radiation. The Goldilux probes were levelled and secured next to the UV‐B biometer. Between 10:00 and 14:40 UTC+2, the UV‐B biometer was set to record at 10‐minute intervals and measurements by the Goldilux probes were manually taken simultaneously. Results were compared for all data and by solar zenith angle (SZA) ranges.ResultsThe Goldilux UV‐B probe measured UV‐B relatively well in its diurnal pattern, however, its readings were ~77% higher than those made by the UV‐B biometer. While UV‐A measurements from the Goldilux UV‐A probe and those from the radiometer were in relatively good agreement in pattern, the radiometer read ~47% higher than the Goldilux UV‐A probe. UV‐B data from Goldilux UV‐B probe had a moderately strong correlation with UV‐B biometer data for small SZAs; conversely, for UV‐A, the Goldilux UV‐A probe had a strong correlation with the UV‐A radiometer data for large SZAs.ConclusionHandheld devices may be useful to provide real‐time readings of solar UVR patterns, however, to achieve synchronicity in the magnitude of readings to those made by science‐grade fixed instruments, devices may need to be used during certain times of the day and in clear‐sky conditions which may not be practical in personal exposure studies.
Cognitive Deliberation, Electoral Decision Making, and Democratic Health*
Authors: Barker David C. 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveI examine the democratic consequences (on turnout, vote quality, and representation) of being encouraged to think more deliberately about political preferences.MethodsA nationally representative survey experiment randomly exposes some respondents to a treatment designed to encourage greater cognitive deliberation; I observe the treatment effects on (1) a measure of the ideological consistency of candidate preferences, (2) preference certainty, and (3) intentions to turn out, dividing the sample according to age, gender, and political knowledge in order to observe hypothesized conditional effects.ResultsThe treatment tended to reduce voting incentives among those who tend to be less engaged—women, the young, and low‐knowledge citizens. It did not, however, predict preference consistency significantly.ConclusionEncouraging greater cognitive deliberation may not only shrink the electorate, but may produce a more biased one as well, a normatively undesirable outcome that does not appear to be counterbalanced by any increase in “correct voting.”
Promoting collaboration in emergency medicine
Authors: Nagraj Shobhana , Harrison Juliet , Hill Lawrence , Bowker Lesley , Lindqvist Susanne 
Published: February 2018

SummaryBackgroundCollaborative practice between paramedics and medical staff is essential for ensuring the safe handover of patients. Handover of care is a critical time in the patient journey, when effective communication and collaborative practice are central to promoting patient safety and to avoiding medical error. To encourage effective collaboration between paramedic and medical students, an innovative, practice‐based simulation exercise, known as interprofessional clinical skills (ICS) was developed at the University of East Anglia, UK. Emphasising patient safety, effective handover of care and teamwork, within the context of emergency medicine, the ICS promotes collaborative practice amongst health care students through the use of high‐ and low‐fidelity simulation, human factors and values‐based practice.
MethodsA total of 123 undergraduate students from paramedic (60) and medical backgrounds (63) took part in the ICS. Evaluation data were collected from all students through the completion of an internal feedback/satisfaction questionnaire with 13 statements and one open‐ended comment box.ResultsThe response rate for the questionnaire was 100%. Of the 123 students from paramedic and medical disciplines, 99% agreed or strongly agreed with the statement ‘I enjoyed this session’. Students also felt that the ICS helped them to build mutual respect (98%), enhance understanding of roles (94%) and develop as collaborative practitioners (92%).Collaborative practice between paramedics and medical staff is essentialConclusionThe ICS is an innovative, enjoyable and meaningful intervention for promoting interprofessional collaborative practice between paramedic and medical students in a simulated practice setting. It encourages students to gain core training in clinical skills and patient safety, within a safe, supervised environment.
PAS‐C platelets contain less plasma protein, lower anti‐A and anti‐B titers, and decreased HLA antibody specificities compared to plasma platelets
Authors: Weisberg Stuart P. , Shaz Beth H. , Tumer Gizem , Silliman Chris C. , Kelher Marguerite R. , Cohn Claudia S. 
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUNDPlatelets (PLTs) collected and stored in PLT additive solution Intersol (PAS‐C) are presumed to reduce recipient exposure to donor plasma components; however, the effects of PAS‐C on PLT supernatant composition are poorly defined. Therefore, we compared the total protein concentration, isohemagglutinin titers, and HLA antibodies in supernatants of PAS‐C PLTs to plasma PLTs.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSApheresis PLTs from group O blood donors were collected into either 100% donor plasma (n = 50) or a mixture of 65% PAS‐C/35% donor plasma (n = 50). Within 12 hours of collection, samples of the PLT supernatant were frozen and stored. PLT supernatants were assayed for total protein concentration and anti‐A and anti‐B titers and screened for HLA antibodies. Samples positive for HLA antibodies were further tested using single‐antigen bead assays to determine antibody strength and specificity.RESULTSSupernatants of PAS‐C PLTs had significantly lower total protein concentration and anti‐A and anti‐B titers compared to plasma PLTs. There was no significant difference in the number of HLA antibody screen–positive PAS‐C (3/50) compared to plasma PLT supernatants (2/50); however, the HLA antibody screen–positive supernatants of PAS‐C PLTs had fewer HLA specificities (2) compared to those of the plasma PLTs (18).CONCLUSIONDecreased plasma proteins likely underlie lower rates of allergic and febrile, nonhemolytic transfusion reactions from the infusion of PAS‐C PLTs. Decreased anti‐A and anti‐B titers may prevent hemolysis from minor ABO mismatch. Lower HLA antibody specificities may mitigate transfusion‐related acute lung injury.
Ultraviolet light‐based pathogen inactivation and alloimmunization after platelet transfusion: results from a randomized trial
Authors: Norris Philip J. , Kaidarova Zhanna , Maiorana Erica , Milani Silvano , Lebedeva Mila , Busch Michael P. , Custer Brian , Rebulla Paolo 
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUNDThe current study explored whether pathogen‐reduction treatment of platelet components before transfusion would decrease the risk of alloimmunization.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSStudy participants were patients with hematologic cancer who were included in two parallel, randomized clinical trials testing pathogen‐reduction treatment versus conventional platelets using the Mirasol or Intercept pathogen‐reduction systems. Patients who had a baseline, pretransfusion sample and a follow‐up, posttransfusion sample were included in the study (n = 179 patients in each study arm). Human leukocyte antigen antibody levels were determined using a commercial multianalyte, bead‐based assay.RESULTSThe rate of human leukocyte antigen Class I alloimmunization at the clinical sites in recipients of conventional platelets was low at the highest assay cutoff (range, 1.2%‐5.9%). Consistent with prior studies, human leukocyte antigen antibodies were first detected from 3 to 35 days after transfusion. There were no statistically significant differences between alloimmunization rates in patients who received pathogen‐reduction treatment versus conventional platelet transfusions. Although he difference was not statistically significant, the effect size for protection from alloimmunization was greatest for high‐level human leukocyte antigen Class I antibodies (approximately threefold) in the Intercept‐treated patients compared with those who received conventional platelets. In the Mirasol study, only two patients and one patient in the control group developed medium‐level or high‐level antibodies, respectively, so it was impossible to determine an effect size for potential protection.CONCLUSIONSThe current study was not sufficiently powered to determine whether pathogen‐reduction treatment provides protection from human leukocyte antigen alloimmunization in platelet transfusion recipients. The data presented will be useful in the design of future trials and endpoints powered to detect a protective effect.
Cover Image, Volume 16, Issue 1
Authors: Keller Alexandra , Wingelhofer Bettina , Peter Barbara , Bauer Karin , Berger Daniela , Gamperl Susanne , Reifinger Martin , Cerny‐Reiterer Sabine , Moriggl Richard , Willmann Michael , Valent Peter , Hadzijusufovic Emir 
Published: February 2018

The cover image, by Alexandra Keller et al., is based on the Original Article The JAK2/STAT5 signaling pathway as a potential therapeutic target in canine mastocytoma, DOI: 10.1111/vco.12311
image
Randomized, controlled, prospective clinical trial of autologous greater omentum free graft versus autogenous cancellous bone graft in radial and ulnar fractures in miniature breed dogs
Authors: Ree Jennifer J. , Baltzer Wendy I. , Nemanic Sarah 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the rate of radiographic healing, complications, vascularization, and bone density after repair of radial and ulnar fractures in dogs <6 kg that were treated with an autogenous cancellous bone graft (BG) or free autologous omentum graft (OG).Study DesignProspective, randomized, controlled clinical trial with owners/radiologists blinded to treatment.Animals25 dogs with naturally occurring traumatic radial/ulnar fractures.MethodsFractures underwent plate fixation with OG or BG. Power Doppler ultrasonographic, computed tomographic (CT), and radiographic examinations of the affected antebrachium were performed preoperatively and every 3 weeks postoperatively until healed. Pressure‐sensitive walkway gait analysis and owner and veterinarian assessments were obtained preoperatively (0 weeks) and 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 weeks postoperatively.ResultsOwner/veterinarian assessments improved postoperatively but did not differ significantly between groups. The improvement in peak vertical force/vertical impulse was greater in dogs with OG than in those with BG, beginning 3 weeks postoperatively. Radiographic healing occurred earlier in bones treated with OG (median, 9 weeks) than in those treated with BG (12 weeks). Cortical bone density derived from CT of the distal ulna was higher in bones with BG compared with bones with OG. Signal intensity and the number of vessels in the fracture callus declined over time in both groups, according to results of ultrasonography. However, bones retained more vessels and greater signal intensity when treated with OG compared with treatment with BG, according to multiple views at 6 and 9 weeks postoperatively.ConclusionOmental grafting was not associated with major complications, and it accelerated bone healing and return to weight bearing in dogs.Clinical significanceOmental grafting should be considered as an adjunct to stabilization of antebrachial fractures in toy and small breed dogs.
Gene Expression of Pneumocystis murina after Treatment with Anidulafungin Results in Strong Signals for Sexual Reproduction, Cell Wall Integrity, and Cell Cycle Arrest, Indicating a Requirement for Ascus Formation for Proliferation
Authors: Cushion Melanie T. , Ashbaugh Alan , Hendrix Keeley , Linke Michael J. , Tisdale Nikeya , Sayson Steven G. , Porollo Aleksey 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

The echinocandins are a class of antifungal agents that target β-1,3-
d
-glucan (BG) biosynthesis. In the ascigerous
Pneumocystis
species, treatment with these drugs depletes the ascus life cycle stage, which contains BG, but large numbers of forms which do not express BG remain in the infected lungs. In the present study, the gene expression profiles of
Pneumocystis murina
were compared between infected, untreated mice and mice treated with anidulafungin for 2 weeks to understand the metabolism of the persisting forms. Almost 80 genes were significantly up- or downregulated. Like other fungi exposed to echinocandins, genes associated with sexual replication, cell wall integrity, cell cycle arrest, and stress comprised the strongest upregulated signals in
P. murina
from the treated mice. The upregulation of the
P. murina
β-1,3-
d
-glucan endohydrolase and endo-1,3-glucanase was notable and may explain the disappearance of the existing asci in the lungs of treated mice since both enzymes can degrade BG. The biochemical measurement of BG in the lungs of treated mice and fluorescence microscopy with an anti-BG antibody supported the loss of BG. Downregulated signals included genes involved in cell replication, genome stability, and ribosomal biogenesis and function and the
Pneumocystis
-specific genes encoding the major surface glycoproteins (Msg). These studies suggest that
P. murina
attempted to undergo sexual replication in response to a stressed environment and was halted in any type of proliferative cycle, likely due to a lack of BG. Asci appear to be a required part of the life cycle stage of
Pneumocystis
, and BG may be needed to facilitate progression through the life cycle via sexual replication.
Full-Length Genome Sequences of Recombinant and Nonrecombinant Sympatric Strains of
Rice yellow mottle virus
from Western Kenya
Authors: Adego Antony Kigaru , Poulicard Nils , Pinel-Galzi Agnès , Mukoye Benard , Fargette Denis , Wéré Hassan Karakacha , Hébrard Eugénie 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Five isolates of
Rice yellow mottle virus
from western Kenya were fully sequenced. One isolate of strain S4lv had been collected in 1966. Two isolates belonged to the emerging strain S4ug recently described in Uganda. Two isolates collected in 2012 are putative recombinants between the S4lv and S4ug strains.
Animal and Human Tissue Models of Vertical Listeria monocytogenes Transmission and Implications for Other Pregnancy-Associated Infections
Authors: Lowe David E. , Robbins Jennifer R. , Bakardjiev Anna I. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Intrauterine infections lead to serious complications for mother and fetus, including preterm birth, maternal and fetal death, and neurological sequelae in the surviving offspring. Improving maternal and child heath is a global priority. Yet, the development of strategies to prevent and treat pregnancy-related diseases has lagged behind progress made in other medical fields. One of the challenges is finding tractable model systems that replicate the human maternal-fetal interface. Animal models offer the ability to study pathogenesis and host defenses
in vivo
. However, the anatomy of the maternal-fetal interface is highly divergent across species. While many tools are available to study host responses in the pregnant mouse model, other animals have placentas that are more similar to that of humans. Here we describe new developments in animal and human tissue models to investigate the pathogenesis of listeriosis at the maternal-fetal interface. We highlight gaps in existing knowledge and make recommendations on how they can be filled.
Evidence of a cumulative effect for risk factors predicting low bone mass among male adolescent athletes
Authors: Barrack Michelle T , Fredericson Michael , Tenforde Adam S , Nattiv Aurelia 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundLimited research has evaluated risk factors for low bone mineral density (BMD) in male adolescent athletes.Aims/objectivesTo evaluate predictors of low BMD (defined as BMD Z-score <−1.0) in a sample of male adolescent distance runner and non-runner athletes.MethodsMale adolescent athletes completed a survey characterising sports participation, nutrition, stress fracture history, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-measured BMD and body composition. Independent t-tests and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) evaluated group differences; logistic regression evaluated low BMD risk factors.ResultsRunners (n=51) exhibited a lower body weight (p=0.02), body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) (p=0.02), per cent expected weight (p=0.02) and spine BMD Z-score (p=0.002) compared with non-runners (n=18). Single risk factors of low BMD included <85% expected weight (OR=5.6, 95% CI 1.4 to 22.5) and average weekly mileage >30 in the past year (OR=6.4, 95% CI 1.5 to 27.1). The strongest two-variable and three-variable risk factors included weekly mileage >30+ stress fracture history (OR=17.3, 95% CI 1.6 to 185.6) and weekly mileage >30+<85% expected weight + stress fracture history (OR=17.3, 95% CI 1.6 to 185.6), respectively. Risk factors were cumulative when predicting low BMD (including <85% expected weight, weekly mileage >30, stress fracture history and <1 serving of calcium-rich food/day): 0–1 risk factors (11.1%), 2 risk factors (42.9%), or 3–4 risk factors (80.0%), p<0.001).ConclusionsMale adolescent runners exhibited lower body weight, BMI and spine BMD Z-score values. The risk of low BMD displayed a graded relationship with increasing risk factors, highlighting the importance of using methods to optimise bone mass in this population.
Comparison of new-generation drug-eluting stents versus drug-coated balloon for in-stent restenosis: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Cai Jin-Zan , Zhu Yong-Xiang , Wang Xin-Yu , Bourantas Christos V , Iqbal Javaid , Zhu Hao , Cummins Paul , Dong Sheng-jie , Mathur Anthony , Zhang Yao-Jun 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveThe study sought to compare angiographic and clinical outcomes of new-generation drug-eluting stents (DES) versus drug-coated balloon (DCB) in patients with coronary in-stent restenosis (ISR).DesignMeta-analysis using data from randomised trial found by searches on PubMed, the Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov and websites of major cardiovascular congresses.SettingOnly randomised trials comparing DES with DCB were included.ParticipantsPatients with ISR in the included trials.InterventionsNew-generation DES versus DCB.OutcomesThe angiographic and clinical outcomes including cardiac death, all-cause death, myocardial infarction, target lesion revascularisation (TLR), target vessel revascularisation (TVR), major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and stent thrombosis were investigated.ResultsFive trials including 913 patients were eligible and included. Pooled analysis in angiographic results identified that new-generation DES were associated with higher acute luminal gain (−0.31 mm, 95% CI −0.42 to −0.20, P<0.001) and lower per cent diameter stenosis (risk ratio (RR): 0.28, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.55, P=0.04). DES significantly reduced the risk of TLR (RR: 1.96, 95% CI 1.17 to 3.28, P=0.01) compared with DCB; however, there was no statistical differences for MACE (RR: 1.21, 95% CI 0.67 to 2.17, P=0.53), myocardial infarction (RR: 1.16, 95% CI 0.55 to 2.48, P=0.69) and cardiac death (RR: 1.80, 95% CI 0.60 to 5.39, P=0.29).ConclusionsInterventions with new-generation DES appear to be associated with significant reduction in per cent diameter stenosis and TLR at short-term follow-up, but had similar MACE, myocardial infarction and cardiac death for patients with coronary ISR compared with DCB. Appropriately powered studies with longer term follow-up are warranted to confirm these findings.
OpenPrescribing: normalised data and software tool to research trends in English NHS primary care prescribing 1998–2016
Authors: Curtis Helen J , Goldacre Ben 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivesWe aimed to compile and normalise England’s national prescribing data for 1998–2016 to facilitate research on long-term time trends and create an open-data exploration tool for wider use.DesignWe compiled data from each individual year’s national statistical publications and normalised them by mapping each drug to its current classification within the national formulary where possible. We created a freely accessible, interactive web tool to allow anyone to interact with the processed data.Setting and participantsWe downloaded all available annual prescription cost analysis datasets, which include cost and quantity for all prescription items dispensed in the community in England. Medical devices and appliances were excluded.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe measured the extent of normalisation of data and aimed to produce a functioning accessible analysis tool.ResultsAll data were imported successfully. 87.5% of drugs were matched exactly on name to the current formulary and a further 6.5% to similar drug names. All drugs in core clinical chapters were reconciled to their current location in the data schema, with only 1.26% of drugs not assigned a current chemical code. We created an openly accessible interactive tool to facilitate wider use of these data.ConclusionsPublicly available data can be made accessible through interactive online tools to help researchers and policy-makers explore time trends in prescribing.
Does macrolide use confer risk of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest compared with penicillin V? A Danish national case-crossover and case–time–control study
Authors: Hertz Frederik Boetius , Jensen Aksel , Knudsen Jenny D , Arpi Magnus , Andersson Charlotte , Gislason Gunnar H , Køber Lars , Torp–Pedersen Christian , Lippert Freddy , Weeke Peter E 
Published: February 2018

Introduction and objectivesMacrolides have been associated with proarrhythmic properties, but the evidence is conflicting. We evaluated the risk of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) associated with specific macrolides in a retrospective study. Associations between specific macrolides and OHCA were examined by conditional logistic regression analyses in case-crossover and case–time–control models, using penicillin-V treatment as the comparative reference. From nationwide registries, we identified all OHCAs in Denmark from 2001 to 2010 and use of antibiotics.EthicsThe present study was approved by the Danish Data Protection Agency (Danish Data Protection Agency (ref.no. 2007-58-0015, local ref.no. GEH-2014-017, (I-Suite.nr. 02 735)).ParticipantsWe identified 29 111 patients with an OHCA. Of these, 514 were in macrolide treatment ≤7 days before OHCA and 1237 in penicillin-V treatment.ResultsIn the case-crossover analyses, overall macrolide use was not associated with OHCA with penicillin V as negative comparative reference (OR=0.90; 95% CI 0.73 to 1.10). Compared with penicillin-V treatment, specific macrolides were not associated with increased risk of OHCA: roxithromycin (OR=0.97; 95% CI 0.74 to 1.26), erythromycin (OR=0.68; 95% CI 0.44 to 1.06), clarithromycin (OR=0.95; 95% CI 0.61 to 1.48) and azithromycin (OR=0.85; 95% CI 0.57 to 1.27).Similar results were obtained using case–time–control models: overall macrolide use (OR=0.81; 95% CI 0.62 to 1.06) and specific macrolides (roxithromycin(OR=0.70; 95% CI 0.49 to 1.00), erythromycin(OR=0.67; 95% CI 0.38 to 1.18), clarithromycin(OR=0.75; 95% CI 0.41 to 1.39) or azithromycin(OR=1.17; 95% CI 0.70 to 1.95)).ConclusionThe risk of OHCA during treatment with macrolides was similar to that of penicillin V, suggesting no additional risk of OHCA associated with macrolides.