bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of treatment strategy by using a machine learning model to predict survival time of patients with malignant glioma after radiotherapy
Authors: Mizutani Takuya , Magome Taiki , Igaki Hiroshi , Haga Akihiro , Nawa Kanabu , Sekiya Noriyasu , Nakagawa Keiichi 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to predict the survival time of patients with malignant glioma after radiotherapy with high accuracy by considering additional clinical factors and optimize the prescription dose and treatment duration for individual patient by using a machine learning model. A total of 35 patients with malignant glioma were included in this study. The candidate features included 12 clinical features and 192 dose–volume histogram (DVH) features. The appropriate input features and parameters of the support vector machine (SVM) were selected using the genetic algorithm based on Akaike’s information criterion, i.e. clinical, DVH, and both clinical and DVH features. The prediction accuracy of the SVM models was evaluated through a leave-one-out cross-validation test with residual error, which was defined as the absolute difference between the actual and predicted survival times after radiotherapy. Moreover, the influences of various values of prescription dose and treatment duration on the predicted survival time were evaluated. The prediction accuracy was significantly improved with the combined use of clinical and DVH features compared with the separate use of both features (P &lt; 0.01, Wilcoxon signed rank test). Mean ± standard deviation of the leave-one-out cross-validation using the combined clinical and DVH features, only clinical features and only DVH features were 104.7 ± 96.5, 144.2 ± 126.1 and 204.5 ± 186.0 days, respectively. The prediction accuracy could be improved with the combination of clinical and DVH features, and our results show the potential to optimize the treatment strategy for individual patients based on a machine learning model.
A posthumanist pedagogy using digital text analysis to enhance critical thinking in higher education
Authors: O'Halloran Kieran 
Published: August 2019

AbstractI model a critical posthumanist pedagogy that uses text analysis software and is aimed at higher education students. A key purpose of the pedagogy is to help students enhance empathetic, critical and independent thinking. For their project assignment, the student chooses an unfamiliar campaign seeking to eliminate suffering and extend rights. They gather all texts from the campaign website into a corpus, which thus represents the campaign writ large. Then they use appropriate software to ascertain, efficiently and rigorously, common campaign concerns across this corpus. This puts students in a position to discern any significant concerns in the campaign corpus that are not addressed in text(s) supporting the status quo which the campaign opposes. Should significant omissions be found, students critically evaluate the status quo text(s) from the campaign’s perspective. Since this perspective derives from the student identifying (at least temporarily) with software generated data, it is a posthuman subjectivity. Engaging digitally and empathetically with a campaign’s data at scale for creation of a posthuman subjectivity can broaden awareness of disadvantage, discrimination, and suffering as well as expand horizons. Moreover, at the end of the assignment, the student is expected to formulate their own position vis-à-vis the previously unfamiliar campaign. Conditions have been created then for the student to enhance independent thinking too.
Cosmic web anisotropy is the primary indicator of halo assembly bias
Authors: Ramakrishnan Sujatha , Paranjape Aseem , Hahn Oliver , Sheth Ravi K 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
The internal properties of dark matter haloes correlate with the large-scale halo clustering strength at fixed halo mass – an effect known as assembly bias – and are also strongly affected by the local, non-linear cosmic web. Characterizing a halo’s local web environment by its tidal anisotropy α at scales approximately four times the halo radius, we demonstrate that these multiscale correlations represent two distinct statistical links: one between the internal property and α, and the other between α and large-scale (${\gtrsim}30\, h^{-1}\, {\rm Mpc}$) halo bias b1. We focus on scalar internal properties of haloes related to formation time (concentration cvir), shape (mass ellipsoid asphericity c/a), velocity dispersion structure (velocity ellipsoid asphericity cv/av and velocity anisotropy β), and angular momentum (dimensionless spin λ) in the mass range $8\times 10^{11}\lesssim M_{\rm vir}/(\, h^{-1}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot })\lesssim 5\times 10^{14}$. Using conditional correlation coefficients and other detailed tests, we show that the joint distribution of α, b1, and any of the internal properties c ∈ {β, cv/av, c/a, cvir, λ} is consistent with p(α, b1, c) ≃ p(α)p(b1|α)p(c|α), at all but the largest masses. Thus, the assembly bias trends c↔b1 reflect the two fundamental correlations c↔α and b1↔α. Our results are unaffected by the exclusion of haloes with recent major merger events or splashback objects, although the latter are distinguished by the fact that α does not explain their assembly bias trends. The overarching importance of α provides a new perspective on the nature of assembly bias of distinct haloes, with potential ramifications for incorporating realistic assembly bias effects into mock catalogues of future large-scale structure surveys and for detecting galaxy assembly bias.
A new sample of southern radio galaxies: host-galaxy masses and star-formation rates
Authors: Marubini Takalani , Jarvis Matt J , Fine Stephen , Mauch Tom , McAlpine Kim , Prescott Matthew 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
In this study we define a new sample of distant powerful radio galaxies in order to study their host galaxy properties and provide targets for future observations of H i absorption with new radio telescopes and to understand the fuelling and feedback from such sources. We have cross-matched the Sydney University Molonglo Sky Survey (SUMSS) radio catalogue at 843 MHz with the VISTA Hemisphere Survey (VHS) near-infrared catalogue using the likelihood ratio technique. Photometric redshifts from the Dark Energy Survey are then used to assign redshifts to the radio source counterparts. We found a total of 249 radio sources with photometric redshifts over a 148 deg2 region. By fitting the optical and near-infrared photometry with spectral synthesis models we determine the stellar mass and star formation rates of the radio sources, finding typical stellar masses of 1011–1012 M⊙ for the powerful high-redshift radio galaxies. We also find a population of low-mass blue galaxies. However, by comparing the derived star formation rates to the radio luminosity, we suggest that these sources are false positives in our likelihood ratio analysis. Follow-up, higher resolution (≲5 arcsec) radio imaging would help alleviate these mid-identifications, as the limiting factor in our cross-identifications is the low resolution (∼45 arcsec) of the SUMSS radio imaging.
mTOR-regulated U2af1 tandem exon splicing specifies transcriptome features for translational control
Authors: Chang Jae-Woong , Yeh Hsin-Sung , Park Meeyeon , Erber Luke , Sun Jiao , Cheng Sze , Bui Alexander M , Fahmi Naima Ahmed , Nasti Ryan , Kuang Rui , Chen Yue , Zhang Wei , Yong Jeongsik 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
U2 auxiliary factor 1 (U2AF1) functions in 3′-splice site selection during pre-mRNA processing. Alternative usage of duplicated tandem exons in U2AF1 produces two isoforms, U2AF1a and U2AF1b, but their functional differences are unappreciated due to their homology. Through integrative approaches of genome editing, customized-transcriptome profiling and crosslinking-mediated interactome analyses, we discovered that the expression of U2AF1 isoforms is controlled by mTOR and they exhibit a distinctive molecular profile for the splice site and protein interactomes. Mechanistic dissection of mutually exclusive alternative splicing events revealed that U2AF1 isoforms’ inherent differential preferences of nucleotide sequences and their stoichiometry determine the 3′-splice site. Importantly, U2AF1a-driven transcriptomes feature alternative splicing events in the 5′-untranslated region (5′-UTR) that are favorable for translation. These findings unveil distinct roles of duplicated tandem exon-derived U2AF1 isoforms in the regulation of the transcriptome and suggest U2AF1a-driven 5′-UTR alternative splicing as a molecular mechanism of mTOR-regulated translational control.
Postmortem Dissections of Common Targets for Lesion and Deep Brain Stimulation Surgeries
Authors: Holanda Vanessa M , Okun Michael S , Middlebrooks Erik H , Gungor Abuzer , Barry Margaret E , Forder John , Foote Kelly D 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The subthalamic nucleus (STN), globus pallidus internus (GPi), and pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) are effective targets for deep brain stimulation (DBS) in many pathological conditions. Previous literature has focused on appropriate stimulation targets and their relationships with functional neuroanatomic pathways; however, comprehensive anatomic dissections illustrating these nuclei and their connections are lacking. This information will provide insight into the anatomic basis of stimulation-induced DBS benefits and side effects.

OBJECTIVE
To combine advanced cadaveric dissection techniques and ultrahigh field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to explore the anatomy of the STN, GPi, and PPN with their associated fiber pathways.

METHODS
A total of 10 cadaveric human brains and 2 hemispheres of a cadaveric head were examined using fiber dissection techniques. The anatomic dissections were compared with 11.1 Tesla (T) structural MRI and 4.7 T MRI fiber tractography.

RESULTS
The extensive connections of the STN (caudate nucleus, putamen, medial frontal cortex, substantia innominata, substantia nigra, PPN, globus pallidus externus (GPe), GPi, olfactory tubercle, hypothalamus, and mammillary body) were demonstrated. The connections of GPi to the thalamus, substantia nigra, STN, amygdala, putamen, PPN, and GPe were also illustrated. The PPN was shown to connect to the STN and GPi anteriorly, to the cerebellum inferiorly, and to the substantia nigra anteriorly and superiorly.

CONCLUSION
This study demonstrates connections using combined anatomic microdissections, ultrahigh field MRI, and MRI tractography. The anatomic findings are analyzed in relation to various stimulation-induced clinical effects. Precise knowledge of neuroanatomy, anatomic relationships, and fiber connections of the STN, GPi, PPN will likely enable more effective targeting and improved DBS outcomes.
The Relationship Between Electronic Cigarette Use and Conventional Cigarette Smoking Is Largely Attributable to Shared Risk Factors
Authors: Kim Sooyong , Selya Arielle S 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Introduction
The growing popularity of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) among youth raises concerns about possible causal effects on conventional cigarette smoking. However, past research remains inconclusive due to heavy confounding between cigarette and e-cigarette use. This study uses propensity score methods to robustly adjust for shared risk in estimating the relationship between e-cigarette use and conventional smoking.

Methods
Cross-sectional data from 8th and 10th graders were drawn from the 2015–2016 waves of Monitoring the Future (n = 12 421). The effects of (1) lifetime and (2) current e-cigarette use on (A) lifetime and (B) current conventional cigarette smoking were examined using logistic regression analyses with inverse propensity weighting based on 14 associated risk factors.

Results
After accounting for the propensity for using e-cigarettes based on 14 risk factors, both lifetime and current e-cigarette use significantly increased the risk of ever smoking a conventional cigarette (OR = 2.49, 95% CI = 1.77 to 3.51; OR = 2.32, 95% CI = 1.66 to 3.25, respectively). However, lifetime (OR = 2.17, 95% CI = 0.62 to 7.63) and current e-cigarette use (OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.55 to 1.63) did not significantly increase the risk of current conventional cigarette smoking.

Conclusions
E-cigarette use does not appear to be associated with current, continued smoking. Instead, the apparent relationship between e-cigarette use and current conventional smoking is fully explained by shared risk factors, thus failing to support claims that e-cigarettes have a causal effect on concurrent conventional smoking among youth. E-cigarette use has a remaining association with lifetime cigarette smoking after propensity score adjustment; however, future research is needed to determine whether this is a causal relationship or merely reflects unmeasured confounding.

Implications
This study examines the relationship between e-cigarette use and conventional smoking using inverse propensity score weighting, an innovative statistical method that produces less-biased results in the presence of heavy confounding. Our findings show that the apparent relationship between e-cigarette use and current cigarette smoking is entirely attributable to shared risk factors for tobacco use. However, e-cigarette use is associated with lifetime cigarette smoking, though further research is needed to determine whether this is a causal relationship or merely reflects unaccounted-for confounding. Propensity score weighting produced significantly weaker effect estimations compared to conventional regression control.
Real exchange rate misalignment and civil conflict: Evidence from sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Ambaw Dessie Tarko , Sim Nicholas 
Published: August 2019

AbstractReal exchange rate (RER) misalignment, which is the deviation of the actual RER from its equilibrium, occurs frequently in developing countries. In this article, we show that civil conflict in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) can be influenced by RER misalignment. To do so, we construct an RER misalignment index whose variation is driven by shocks to each country’s RER fundamentals. Based on a panel of 35 countries from 1975 to 2006, we find that RER misalignment may increase the incidence of civil conflict in sub-Saharan Africa on average. Crucially, this effect is present even when rainfall and commodity price shocks—two widely acknowledged causes of civil conflict—are controlled for. Therefore, our article suggests that RER stabilization can foster political stability in the region.
Simultaneous Bilateral Carotid Thrombectomies: A Technical Note
Authors: Larrew Thomas , Hubbard Zachary , Almallouhi Eyad , Banerjee Chirantan , Moss Mark , Spiotta Alejandro M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Although extremely rare, acute bilateral large vessel occlusion (LVO) is a morbid condition that requires prompt intervention.

OBJECTIVE
To report the technique used to achieve recanalization of bilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) terminus occlusions.

METHODS
This is a case of bilateral ICA terminus occlusions managed with simultaneous bilateral thrombectomies with poor collateral circulation.

RESULTS
Recanalization of bilateral ICA with thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) grade 0 to left TICI 2b flow with distal left A1 occlusion and right TICI 3 flow was achieved in 32 min with the use of simultaneous catheterization and aspiration thrombectomies.

CONCLUSION
The described technique offers an efficient and feasible means to reduce time to recanalization and radiation in cases of bilateral LVO.
Kompaneets equation for neutrinos: Application to neutrino heating in supernova explosions
Authors: Suwa Yudai , Tahara Hiroaki W H , Komatsu Eiichiro 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We derive a “Kompaneets equation” for neutrinos, which describes how the distribution function of neutrinos interacting with matter deviates from a Fermi–Dirac distribution with zero chemical potential. To this end, we expand the collision integral in the Boltzmann equation of neutrinos up to the second order in energy transfer between matter and neutrinos. The distortion of the neutrino distribution function changes the rate at which neutrinos heat matter, as the rate is proportional to the mean square energy of neutrinos, $E_\nu^2$. For electron-type neutrinos the enhancement in $E_\nu^2$ over its thermal value is given approximately by $E_\nu^2/E_{\nu,\rm thermal}^2=1+0.086(V/0.1)^2$, where $V$ is the bulk velocity of nucleons, while for the other neutrino species the enhancement is $(1+\delta_v)^3$, where $\delta_v=mV^2/3k_{\rm B}T$ is the kinetic energy of nucleons divided by the thermal energy. This enhancement has a significant implication for supernova explosions, as it would aid neutrino-driven explosions.
Benefits of Musculoskeletal Physical Therapy in Emergency Departments: A Systematic Review
Authors: Matifat Eveline , Méquignon Marianne , Cunningham Caitriona , Blake Catherine , Fennelly Oma , Desmeules François 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Over the past few decades, physical therapists have emerged as key health care providers in emergency departments (EDs), especially for patients with musculoskeletal disorders (MSKD).

Purpose
The purpose of this review was to update the current evidence regarding physical therapist care for patients with MSKD in EDs and to update current recommendations for these models of care.

Data Sources
Systematic searches were conducted in 5 bibliographic databases.

Study Selection
The studies selected presented quantitative data related to the care of patients with MSKD by physical therapists in an ED setting.

Data Extraction
Raters reviewed studies and used the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool to assess their methodological quality.

Data Synthesis
Fifteen studies were included. Two studies, 1 of weak and 1 of strong quality, demonstrated that physical therapist care in EDs was as effective as or more effective than usual medical care for pain reduction, and 6 studies of varying quality reported that physical therapist care in EDs was as effective as usual care in EDs in reducing disability. Eight studies of varying quality reported that physical therapist care could significantly reduce waiting time in EDs. Four studies of varying quality reported that physical therapists ordered no more, or even fewer, medical images than physicians. In terms of health care costs, 2 studies of moderate to high quality found no significant differences in costs between physical therapist care and usual care in EDs. Finally, 6 studies of varying quality reported that patients were as satisfied or more satisfied with physical therapist care as with usual medical care in EDs.

Limitations
The roles of physical therapists in EDs vary depending on the setting, legislation, and training of providers. Only a limited number of high-quality studies were identified.

Conclusions
Although the quality of the evidence is heterogeneous, physical therapist care for patients with MSKD in EDs may be beneficial.
Normal gait, albumin and d-dimer levels identify low risk emergency department patients: a prospective observational cohort study with 365-day 100% follow-up
Authors: Lyngholm L , Nickel C H , Kellett J , Chang S , Cooksley T , Brabrand M 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundIf survival could be reliably predicted many patients could be safely managed outside of hospital in an ambulatory care setting.AimComparison of common laboratory findings, co-morbidities, mobility and vital signs as predictors of mortality of acutely ill emergency department (ED) attendees.DesignProspective observational study.MethodsSecondary analysis of 1334 consenting acutely ill patients attending a Danish ED.Results67 (5%) out of 1334 patients died within 100 days. After logistic regression seven predictors of 100 days mortality remained significant: an albumin level ≤34 gm/l, D-dimer level &gt;0.51 mg/l, an Asadollahi score (based on admission laboratory data and age) ≥12, a platelet count &lt;159 X 1000/ml, impaired mobility on presentation, a respiratory rate ≥30 bpm and a Charlson co-morbidity index ≥3. Only 5 of the 442 without any of these variables died within 365 days. Only one of the 517 patients with a stable independent gait and normal d-dimer and albumin levels died within 100 days, none died within 30 days of assessment and 12 died within 365 days. Of the remaining 817 patients 66 (8%) died within 100 days.ConclusionThese findings suggest that normal gait, albumin and d-dimer levels are the most parsimonious way of identifying low risk ED patients.
Challenging the Traditional Definition of a Difficult Intubation: What is Difficult?
Authors: Bradley J.A. , Urman R.D. , Yao D. 
Published: August 2019

(Anesth Analg. 2019;128(3):584–586. Doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000003886)
While video laryngoscopy (VL) has brought substantial changes to the practice of airway management, the way anesthesiologists define a “difficult intubation” has not been altered accordingly. The American Society of Anesthesiologists has defined a “difficult airway” as “the clinical situation in which a conventionally trained anesthesiologist experiences difficulty with facemask ventilation of the upper airway, difficulty with intubation, or both,” and also has set forth clear, separate definitions of difficult endotracheal intubation and difficult laryngoscopy. These latter 2 definitions can be subjective and interpreted inconsistently, however, and varied devices and contexts make these definitions even more ambiguous. A patient may not be labeled as a difficult intubation by one provider, but labeled difficult by another provider in a different setting. A study by Lewis and colleagues showed when VL was used, there were significantly fewer failed intubations compared with direct laryngoscopy (DL) alone. However, VL has not outdone the success rate of awake fiberoptic intubations in patients with perceived difficult airway. VL is available in >90% of operating rooms in British National Health Service hospitals according to a survey by Cook and Kelly, and some studies have recommended the use of VL become standard of care for both routine and difficult intubations.
Recurrence of Preeclampsia and the Risk of Future Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Brouwers L. , van der Meiden-van Roest A.J. , Savelkoul C. , Vogelvang T.E. , Lely A.T. , Franx A. , van Rijn B.B. 
Published: August 2019

(BJOG. 2018;125:1642–1654)
Preeclampsia, which is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), occurs in 3% to 5% of first pregnancies and has a recurrence rate of 15% in subsequent pregnancies. In fact, a pregnancy complicated by preeclampsia may suggest a disposition to CVD and help to identify women at risk for future disease. However, not all women with preeclampsia develop CVD. In the present review, the available evidence was evaluated on recurrent pregnancy complications, particularly preeclampsia, and future lifetime cardiovascular risk.
Modified Early Obstetric Warning Scores: A Promising Tool but More Evidence and Standardization is Required
Authors: Robbins T. , Shennan A. , Sandall J. 
Published: August 2019

(Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2019;98:7–10)
While maternal mortality in the United Kingdom is low compared with the rest of the world (4.65 per 100,000 live births, 2012-2014) there was no significant change in mortality between 2009-2011 and 2012-2014. Early warning systems (EWS) may be a tool for avoiding delays in identifying and treating acutely ill women. EWS use specific charts to monitor and record vital signs and clinical observations, using a color-coded system to indicate the need for a clinical response when an abnormal observation is recorded. This commentary examined the evidence regarding modified early obstetric warning scores (MEOWS) and current issues with the use of MEOWS.