bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic Perspectives on Catarrhine Talo‐Crural Joint Phenotypic Plasticity
Authors: Simons Evan A. , Turley Kevin , Frost Stephen R. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTPrevious investigations of the primate talo‐crural joint (TCJ; specifically on the talus and distal tibia) have demonstrated that substrate preference significantly influences morphology, but this association is not necessarily found in subadults. This has been interpreted as the result of a plastic, behaviorally induced response of bone due to substrate use. In this investigation, we use geometric morphometric and phylogenetic comparative methods to investigate ontogenetic phenotypic plasticity in the catarrhine TCJ. Osteological specimens from four African hominoid and four cercopithecid species, divided into subadult and adult developmental stages based on molar eruption, formed the study group. We tested for phylogenetic signal in the shape of both the talar and tibial articular surfaces, at both developmental stages. We then used phylomorphospaces to examine the evolution of shape differences at each developmental stage for each element, and to determine if substrate usage is associated with shape in this phylogenetic context. A significant phylogenetic signal was found for both articular surfaces in subadults, but not adults. In phylomorphospace, both talar and tibial articular morphologies show an association with substrate preference in adults, but not in subadults. Our results provide confirmation of the significant effect of habitual substrate usage and the consequences of bone remodeling during ontogeny on the shape and presentation of the TCJ. These results also suggest caution when using adult talo‐tibial shapes to evaluate phylogenetic relationships as TCJ morphology can be considered as a palimpsest, with substrate usage overwriting phylogenetic information in adult specimens. Anat Rec, 302:1977–1984, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Graphene oxide‐l‐arginine nanogel: A pH‐sensitive fluorouracil nanocarrier
Authors: Malekimusavi Hanieh , Ghaemi AmirHossein , Masoudi Ghasem , Chogan Faraz , Rashedi Hamid , Yazdian Fatemeh , Omidi Meisam , Javadi Shohreh , Haghiralsadat Bibi Fatemeh , Teimouri Masoumeh , Faal Hamedani Naghmeh 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNowadays, putting forward an accurate cancer therapy method with minimal side effects is an important topic of research. Nanostructures, for their ability in controlled and targeted drug release on specific cells, are critical materials in this field. In this study, a pH‐sensitive graphene oxide‐l‐arginine nanogel was synthesized to carry and release 5‐fluorouracil. Optimized conditions using statistical analysis, based on the maximum relative viscosity of nanogel, were evaluated: 5.489 for the concentration of l‐arginine and 2.404 for pH. The prepared nanogels were characterized using scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope images and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopic analysis. Cytotoxicity was assessed using the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay on MCF‐7 breast cancer cells. The fluorouracil release was measured by the dialysis bag method, UV spectrophotometry, and fluorouracil calibration diagram. Results proved the successful controlled release of fluorouracil at pH 5.4 and the beneficial role of graphene‐oxide‐ l‐arginine‐ fluorouracil nanogel in eliminating cancer cells.
The Perceptions of Australian Workers about Caring for Sexually Exploited Children in Residential Care
Authors: McKibbin Gemma , Humphreys Cathy 
Published: May 2019

Child sexual exploitation (CSE) is a problem for children and young people living in out‐of‐home care (looked after children). As part of a broader action research project aiming to prevent both harmful sexual behaviour carried out by children and young people and CSE in out‐of‐home care, four focus groups were undertaken with 17 workers at three Victorian residential houses in 2017. The findings reported in this paper were generated through the research question:What do workers perceive as the key challenges in caring for children and young people vulnerable to CSE in out‐of‐home care?Three major themes were identified: (i) children and young people going missing from home; (ii) children and young people not identifying as victims; and (iii) frontline police response unhelpful when children and young people missing. The design of prevention and response strategies to combat CSE must take into account the challenges identified by workers to ensure the best possible sexual abuse prevention outcomes for children and young people living in residential care.‘What do workers perceive as the key challenges in caring for children and young people vulnerable to CSE in out‐of‐home care?'Key Practitioner MessagesChildren and young people need to be educated about the tactics used by perpetrators so that they can recognise if they are being groomed or exploited.Residential staff need to be upskilled about how to respond to children and young people at the point that they are leaving the house for the purpose of CSE.Workers need to be empowered to make decisions about the day‐to‐day welfare of the children and young people in their care.Multiagency collaboration is vital in preventing and responding to CSE, and efforts should be upscaled across all local government areas.
Virtual titration laboratory experiment with differentiated instruction
Authors: Wu Bo‐Jyun , Wong Sai‐Keung , Li Ta‐Wei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis paper studies users' learning perception in a virtual titration experiment with differentiated instruction. We develop a virtual reality chemistry lab and use leap motion to detect users' hand gestures for operations. Users wear a head‐mounted display and use their bare hands to interact with virtual objects to perform a titration experiment. Our system implements a complete titration process and provides assistance tools for learning and operating virtual items. We report the essential ideas for building the system. We applied differentiated instruction to study the learning effectiveness of users under different learning intensities. Two groups of students with and without chemistry background participated in a user study. Our results indicated that the virtual reality chemistry lab could enhance and promote users' learning confidence under suitable learning intensities.
Self‐Immobilizing Oxidoreductases for Flow Biocatalysis in Miniaturized Packed‐Bed Reactors
Authors: Peschke Theo , Bitterwolf Patrick , Rabe Kersten S. , Niemeyer Christof M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe industrial implementation of enzymes in flow biocatalysis microreactors is expected to be essential for the emergence of a bio‐based circular economy. Major challenges concern the efficient immobilization of delicate enzymes inside miniaturized reactors without compromising their catalytic activity. We describe the exploitation of the widely used His‐tag system in a microfluidic packed‐bed reactor that contains ketoreductase‐functionalized magnetic beads. In a continuous process, these reactors produced highly stereoselective (R)‐configured alcohols (d.r. 99:1) with an average conversion of > 90 % for more than 4 days. We believe that such miniaturized flow reactors can be of great utility for future sustainable production processes.
Equipment and Separation Units for Flow Chemistry Applications and Process Development
Authors: Bittorf Lukas , Reichmann Felix , Schmalenberg Mira , Soboll Sebastian , Kockmann Norbert 
Published: May 2019

AbstractProcess development and small‐scale production gets more and more important in fine chemistry and pharmaceutical production. An equipment toolbox assists process synthesis presented in this contribution. A microfluidic calorimeter can measure kinetic and thermodynamic reaction data with commercial plate reactors. A tubular reactor coiled with 90° bends allows for long residence time with low axial dispersion, also known as coiled flow inverter (CFI). A similar setup is used for continuous‐flow cooling crystallization. Small‐scale columns with rotating internals are employed for distillation and liquid‐liquid extraction. Main emphasis will be put on automation and scale‐up in future steps.
Recent Advances in Electrochemical Hydrogen Production from Water Assisted by Alternative Oxidation Reactions
Authors: Xu You , Zhang Bin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWater electrolysis has been considered a promising avenue for ultrapure hydrogen production. However, the energy efficiency of conventional water electrolysis technologies is severely hampered by the kinetic limitations of the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Over the past decade, an innovative hybrid water electrolysis strategy of replacing the OER with more facile oxidation reactions and coupling with the cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) has been developed and demonstrated its utility of addressing the critical challenges in conventional water electrolysis. In this Review, we summarize the recent progress concerning electrochemical hydrogen production from water through hybrid water electrolysis technology, with special emphasis on the selection of electrocatalysts and alternative anodic oxidation reactions as well as the related mechanisms involving in electrochemical reactions. Finally, the current challenges and some perspectives are also discussed for the future development of hybrid water electrolysis technology.
Changes in microbiota of Baltic Sea coastal sediments caused by nonylphenol contamination
Authors: Polyak Yulia 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe effect of nonylphenols (NPs) on the sediment microbial population was investigated in laboratory experiments. Adaptation of sediment microorganisms to NP contamination proceeds through the evolution of NP‐tolerant populations and the reduction of stress by biodegradation of NPs. The amount of bacteria that is able to degrade NPs in contaminated sediments was positively correlated with the total heterotrophic bacteria counts, indicating that the pattern of change was associated with NPs. The disappearance of NPs from the sediments by microbial degradation demonstrated a half‐life of 43–71 days. NP contamination resulted in decreased sediment microbial diversity. A decrease in both the Shannon diversity index and Pielou evenness index together with an increase in Simpson's dominance index were common change patterns observed across NP‐contaminated sediment samples. The observed changes in microbial diversity were sustainable. There was a very slow re‐establishment of the original diversity, particularly in the fungal community of NP‐contaminated sediments.
Giving primacy to the voices of people affected by cancer (PABC) in shaping educational innovations—An exploratory qualitative study
Authors: Anstey Sally , Hale Rachel , Ryan Jane , Tyler Helen , Girt Eleri , Radley Lesley , Nathan Martina , Job Claire , Chivers Erica , Cleves Anne , Tish Sam , Gould Dinah 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe number of adults diagnosed with cancer is increasing. Life beyond cancer poses many challenges for individuals and their families; many of those challenges are characterised by health uncertainties both physical and emotional. Evidence suggests that appropriate education improves care and patient outcomes specifically reducing the long‐term adverse effects of cancer and its treatments and increasing adjustment. Less evidence exists as to how meeting holistic rehabilitation needs, monitoring those surviving cancer long‐term, and supporting self‐management are enabled by health care professional (HCP) education.AimsThe aims of this study were to explore the experiences of people affected by cancer (PABC) as a long‐term condition and to use the themes emerging from their experiences to develop online bespoke educational resources/tools.Methods and ResultsA project team of professionals and PABC worked together on a qualitative study to explore the challenges and consequences of life beyond cancer. This paper presents the data from the exploratory focus group, analysed using thematic analysis to identify both common and unique perspectives in PABC experiences. Four themes were identified: the meaning of “survivorship”; the impact of cancer; long‐term needs/expectations; and the role of HCPs and education in meeting needs. These themes were compared with existing literature to enable understanding and “sense making” of the participants' life beyond cancer and to inform the development of the educational resources based on a fictitious patient story to be presented in a future publication.ConclusionsDerived from the PABC stories, a scripted story digitally recorded has been embedded with information and resources. Consultation with additional patient, professional, and public groups helped develop the work into an educational module for nurses and allied health care professionals.
A 2‐ to 12‐GHz 65‐nm transmit/receive CMOS DP8T switching matrix for ultra‐wideband antenna arrays
Authors: Azhari Afreen , Kikkawa Takamaro 
Published: May 2019

SummaryAn ultra‐wideband 2‐ to 12‐GHz transmit/receive (T/R) double‐pole–eight‐throw (DP8T) switching matrix is developed with a 65‐nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process for a radar‐based breast cancer detection system. The measured average insertion losses are 5.2, 7, and 10.6 dB at 2, 6, and 12 GHz, respectively, with input and output matching bandwidths of 2 to 12 GHz and a third‐order input intercept point (IIP3) of 31 dBm at 8 GHz. The power consumption is less than 1 mW for a 1.2‐V power supply. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported DP8T CMOS switching matrix to replace the conventional mechanical switch to control a portable radar antenna.
Connected macroalgal‐sediment systems: blue carbon and food webs in the deep coastal ocean
Authors: Queirós Ana Moura , Stephens Nicholas , Widdicombe Stephen , Tait Karen , McCoy Sophie J. , Ingels Jeroen , Rühl Saskia , Airs Ruth , Beesley Amanda , Carnovale Giorgia , Cazenave Pierre , Dashfield Sarah , Hua Er , Jones Mark , Lindeque Penelope , McNeill Caroline L. , Nunes Joana , Parry Helen , Pascoe Christine , Widdicombe Claire , Smyth Tim , Atkinson Angus , Krause‐Jensen Dorte , Somerfield Paul J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMacroalgae drive the largest CO2 flux fixed globally by marine macrophytes. Most of the resulting biomass is exported through the coastal ocean as detritus and yet almost no field measurements have verified its potential net sequestration in marine sediments. This gap limits the scope for the inclusion of macroalgae within blue carbon schemes that support ocean carbon sequestration globally, and the understanding of the role their carbon plays within distal food webs. Here, we pursued three lines of evidence (eDNA sequencing, Bayesian Stable Isotope Mixing Modeling, and benthic‐pelagic process measurements) to generate needed, novel data addressing this gap. To this end, a 13‐month study was undertaken at a deep coastal sedimentary site in the English Channel, and the surrounding shoreline of Plymouth, UK. The eDNA sequencing indicated that detritus from most macroalgae in surrounding shores occurs within deep, coastal sediments, with detritus supply reflecting the seasonal ecology of individual species. Bayesian stable isotope mixing modeling [C and N] highlighted its vital role in supporting the deep coastal benthic food web (22–36% of diets), especially when other resources are seasonally low. The magnitude of detritus uptake within the food web and sediments varies seasonally, with an average net sedimentary organic macroalgal carbon sequestration of 8.75 g C·m−2·yr−1. The average net sequestration of particulate organic carbon in sediments is 58.74 g C·m−2·yr−1, the two rates corresponding to 4–5% and 26–37% of those associated with mangroves, salt marshes, and seagrass beds, systems more readily identified as blue carbon habitats. These novel data provide important first estimates that help to contextualize the importance of macroalgal‐sedimentary connectivity for deep coastal food webs, and measured fluxes help constrain its role within global blue carbon that can support policy development. At a time when climate change mitigation is at the foreground of environmental policy development, embracing the full potential of the ocean in supporting climate regulation via CO2 sequestration is a necessity.
Enhancing collaboration between ecologists and computer scientists: lessons learned and recommendations forward
Authors: Carey Cayelan C. , Ward Nicole K. , Farrell Kaitlin J. , Lofton Mary E. , Krinos Arianna I. , McClure Ryan P. , Subratie Kensworth C. , Figueiredo Renato J. , Doubek Jonathan P. , Hanson Paul C. , Papadopoulos Philip , Arzberger Peter 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn the era of big data, ecologists are increasingly relying on computational approaches and tools to answer existing questions and pose new research questions. These include both software applications (e.g., simulation models, databases and machine learning algorithms) and hardware systems (e.g., wireless sensor networks, supercomputing, drones and satellites), motivating the need for greater collaboration between computer scientists and ecologists. Here, we outline some synergistic opportunities for scientists in both disciplines that can be gained by building collaborations between the computer science and ecology research communities, with a focus on the benefits to ecology specifically. We also identify past contributions of computer science to ecology, including high‐frequency environmental sensor technology, advanced supercomputing capacity for ecological modeling, databases for long‐term and high‐frequency datasets, and software programs for ecological analyses, to anticipate future potential contributions. These examples highlight the power and potential for further integration of computer science technology and ideas into the ecological research community. Finally, we translate our own experiences working together as a team of computer scientists and ecologists over the past decade into a conceptual framework with recommendations for supporting productive collaborations at the interface of the two disciplines. We specifically focus on how to apply best practices of team science for bridging computer science and ecology, which we advocate will substantially benefit ecology long‐term.
Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Waste Citrus Seeds: Chemical Composition, Nutritional and Biological Properties of Edible Fixed Oils
Authors: Rosa Antonella , Era Benedetta , Masala Carla , Nieddu Mariella , Scano Paola , Fais Antonella , Porcedda Silvia , Piras Alessandra 
Published: May 2019

Seeds of Citrus plants (Rutaceae), an major agro‐industrial waste, are a potential source of valuable by‐products. The chemical composition, the antioxidant profile, and the biological/nutritional properties of fixed oils (SFE oils) obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction (at 300 bar and 40 °C) from seeds of mandarin (Citrus reticulata), lemon (Citrus limon), and grapefruit (Citrus paradisi), discarded by a local agro‐alimentary industry are studied. The yields and compositions of SFE oils are compared to oils obtained by n‐hexane extraction of Citrus seeds in a Soxhlet apparatus (SoxE oils). Linoleic (35–42%), oleic (22–28%), palmitic (21–25%), α‐linolenic (4–10%), and stearic (4–7%) are the main oil fatty acids, while monolinolein and dilinolein derivatives represent the main triacylglycerols in SFE oils, determined by GC‐FID and HPLC‐DAD/ELSD techniques. Citrus SFE oils show lower yields than SoxE oils but similar chemical profiles. Principal components analysis applied to fatty acid and triacylglycerol data indicates that the oils from different seeds are tightly clustered. Moreover, SFE oils show radical scavenging activities (ABTS assays), an inhibitory effect on the growth of murine B16F10 melanoma cells and on the mushroom tyrosinase activity. Citrus SFE oils and de‐coated seeds are also evaluated for their attractant effect on the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata by behavioral assays. The results qualify Citrus SFE oils as a potential natural, environmentally‐friendly, resource for food/pharmaceutical applications.Practical Applications: The environmentally‐friendly supercritical CO2 extraction of waste lemon, mandarin, and grapefruit seeds gives edible fixed oils a richness in essential fatty acids, suitable for human nutrition and the preparation of nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals.Edible fixed oils obtained from lemon, mandarin, and grapefruit seeds by SFE‐CO2 extraction show high levels of essential fatty acids, antioxidant, anticancer, and antityrosinase activity.
Ruthenium oxide/tungsten oxide composite nanofibers as anode catalysts for the green energy generation of Chlorella vulgaris mediated biophotovoltaic cells
Authors: Karthikeyan C. , Raj kumar T. , Pannipara Mehboobali , Al‐Sehemi Abdullah G. , Senthilkumar N. , Angelaalincy M. J. , Varalakshmi P. , Phang Siew‐Moi , Periasamy Vengadesh , Gnana kumar G. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe development of electrochemically active and stable anode catalysts for the photoelectrochemical splitting of water molecules via biophotovoltaic cells (BPVs) utilizing microalgae receives a prime importance in green energy sector. Herein, we report the ruthenium oxide (RuO2)/tungsten oxide (WO3) composite nanofibers based photoanode for the application of high performance and durable BPV. The sequential arrangement of 6 nm sized RuO2/WO3 spherical particles constitutes the nanofibrous morphology and a number of surface active sites and structural integrity of nanofibers demonstrate the excellent and stable photo‐oxidation currents. Under the light regime, RuO2/WO3/carbon cloth photoanode exhibits the substantial BPV power and current densities with an excellent durability. Thus this systematic study evokes the fundamental understanding on the electron generation and transference mechanisms, which offers new dimensions in the development of high performance and durable BPVs.
The Early Permian active continental margin at the eastern margin of the Jiamusi Block, NE China: Evidenced by zircon U–Pb chronology and geochemistry of the Erlongshan andesites
Authors: Li Gong‐Yu , Zhou Jian‐Bo , Li Long 
Published: May 2019

The Jiamusi Block is an important tectonic unit in the Chinese segment of the CAOB. Its eastern margin became an active continental margin in the period of Late Carboniferous. However, the tectonic affinity of this section has not been resolved yet. The Early Permian andesites within the Erlongshan Formation in the eastern Jiamusi Block provide a critical record for the active continental margin setting. Precise LA‐ICP‐MS U–Pb zircon dating on four andesite samples gave ages of 280 ± 3 Ma, 282 ± 3 Ma, 286 ± 4, and 284 ± 2 Ma, respectively, defining an Early Permian age for the crystallization of the andesites. The andesites have medium‐K and calc‐alkaline compositions, with variable SiO2(54.70–57.46 wt%), TiO2(0.87–1.12 wt%), TFe2O3(6.52–8.13 wt%), MgO (2.62–3.33 wt%), Al2O3(15.96–17.83 wt%), Na2O (3.28–4.10 wt%), and K2O (1.16–1.95 wt%) contents. They are relatively enriched in LREEs ((La/Yb)N = 5.0–7.1) and LILEs (e.g., Ba, Th, Sr, and U), deleted in HREEs and HFSEs (e.g., Nb, Ta, Zr, and Y) and have weak or no Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.87–1.02). These geochemical features indicate that the andesites within the Erlongshan Formation originated from an active continental margin setting, and their magma source was produced by partial melting of a mantle material that had been metasomatized by subduction‐related melts and subsequently underwent the removal of mafic minerals and accumulation of plagioclase. Integrated with previous studies on the igneous and sedimentary rocks, we thus propose that the Jiamusi Block was in an active continental margin setting in the period of the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian (310–280 Ma), and it is more likely related to the subduction of the Mongol‐Okhotsk Ocean.