bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation and Experimental Study of Two-Phase Gas–Liquid Behavior in Two-Dimensional Porous Medium Based on Lattice Boltzmann Method
Authors: Yin Shikang , Jiang Zhenhua , Gong Shuai , Lin Bingyao , Dong Deping 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Loop heat pipe is a passive two-phase heat transfer device. The key component of the loop heat pipe is the evaporator. In this study, the gas–liquid two-phase behavior inside a two-dimensional porous medium with a single-pore size and multi-pore size distributions was comparatively studied, both experimentally and numerically by the lattice Boltzmann method. With a constant heat flux applied to the evaporator's shell, the wick initially fills with saturated liquid, then undergoes evaporation with vapor invasion, and partially dries out with a gas–liquid interface. Due to the multi-pore size distribution in porous medium, vapor is more easily expelled from the wick. There is a significant difference gas–liquid interface inside the wick between the single-pore size wick and the multi-pore size wick, and the temperature of the evaporator's shell of the multi-pore size wick is 27.6% lower than that of the single-pore size wick. To validate the numerical results, two loop heat pipes were built, including monoporous wick and biporous wick, respectively. The experiment found that under high power, the performance of loop heat pipe with biporous wick is significantly better than that of loop heat pipe with monoporous wick. The temperature of the biporous wick is 9.79 K lower than that of the monoporous wick at 230 W. Experiments and simulations show that the porous medium with multi-pore has better performance.
Large Eddy Simulation of an Open Fan Blade at Full-Scale Reynolds Number
Authors: Priebe Stephan , Jourdan Eduardo , Mousavi Arash , Karve Ravish , Chakrabarti Suryapratim , D’Aquila Luke , Yi Junsok , Alhawwary Mohammad , Bharadwaj Ananthan Varun , Ramakrishnan Kishore , Wood Trevor 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Large-scale commercial turbofan designs are typically evaluated early in the technology maturation phase through subscale rig tests, while evaluations at full scale can only feasibly occur much later in a given engine development program. Therefore, how Reynolds number (Re) affects the aerodynamic and acoustic performance is of key interest while multiple candidate fan designs are still being evaluated and refined early in the program, and often tested scaled down to lower Re relative to the end application. To confidently evaluate full-scale Re performance, however, large-scale physical testing is traditionally required because the high-fidelity simulations needed to capture the complex physics associated with high Re turbulent flows, such as wall-resolved large eddy simulations (LES), are challenging due to the extremely high computational cost. In this article, we present wall-resolved LES of an open fan blade at full scale for a highly loaded design operating at a condition representative of takeoff for acoustic considerations. The simulations are at high order (up to sixth) and have been performed using the unstructured LES solver, GENESIS. These simulations extend prior research to allow for a study of practically relevant flight scale Re, for which wall-resolved LES is now possible with computing capability available at the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF) exascale supercomputer, Frontier. The observed effects at flight scale Reynolds number of the flow physics on the blade and into the wake are presented in specific regions of interest that can affect the overall blade aeroacoustic design.
Numerical Investigation on the Influence of Wet Compression Aerodynamic Performance of Multi-Stage Transonic Compressor
Authors: Zhu Zihuan , Wu Yadong , Ming Lele , Zhang Xinze , Ouyang Hua 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the gas–liquid two-phase flow in a multi-stage transonic compressor is numerically simulated based on the Euler–Lagrange method. The changes in wet compression aerodynamic characteristics of the compressor are investigated under various spraying conditions (droplet sizes and spraying rates). The results indicate that the compressor choking boundary moves to a smaller flowrate after spraying. Wet compression improves the efficiency of the compressor. The evaporation cooling effect of wet compression decreases the total temperature ratio and augments the specific power, resulting in an enhanced total pressure ratio. After the water droplets are injected into the compressor, due to the small rise of the airflow temperature in the upstream area, the evaporation cooling effect of droplets is weak. The negative effects of droplets lead to a reduction in the total pressure ratio of the first-stage compressor. As water droplets move downstream, the gradual increase in airflow temperature enhances the evaporation cooling effect, thereby improving the compressor performance. Water droplets migrate radially inside the compressor and gather toward the blade tip area, causing the gas phase mass flow inside the compressor to be redistributed in the radial direction. Wet compression enhances the capability of the rotor blades to perform work and airflow, leading to an increase in the airflow twist velocity.
Examination of respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein proteolytic processing and roles of the P27 domain
Authors: Neal Hadley E. , Barrett Chelsea T. , Edmonds Kearstin , Moncman Carole L. , Dutch Rebecca Ellis 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion protein (F) facilitates virus–cell membrane fusion, which is critical for viral entry, and cell–cell fusion. In contrast to many type I fusion proteins, RSV F must be proteolytically cleaved at two distinct sites to be fusogenic. Cleavage at both sites results in the release of a 27 amino-acid fragment, termed Pep27. We examined proteolytic processing and the role of Pep27 for RSV F from both RSV A2 and RSV B9320 laboratory-adapted strains, allowing important comparisons between A and B clade F proteins. F from both clades was cleaved at both sites, and pulse-chase analysis indicated that cleavage at both sites occurs early after synthesis, most likely within the secretory pathway. Mutation of either site to alter the furin recognition motif blocked cell–cell fusion activity. To assess the role of Pep27 in F processing and expression, we deleted the Pep27 fragment, but preserved the cleavage sites. Deletion of Pep27 reduced F surface expression and cell–cell fusion. Two conserved N-linked glycosylation sites within Pep 27 are present in both the RSV A2 and RSV B9320 F. Randomization of the Pep27 sequence, while conserving the two N-liked glycosylation sites, did not significantly change surface expression, and only modestly reduced cell–cell fusion. However, the disruption of either Pep27 glycosylation site reduced cell–cell fusion. This work clarifies the timing of RSV F proteolytic cleavage and offers insight into the crucial role the N-linked glycosylation sites within Pep27 play in the biological function of F.
Inducible cell lines producing replication-defective human immunodeficiency virus particles containing envelope glycoproteins stabilized in a pretriggered conformation
Authors: Ding Haitao , Nguyen Hanh T. , Li Wenwei , Deshpande Ashlesha , Zhang Shijian , Jiang Fan , Zhang Zhiqing , Anang Saumya , Mothes Walther , Sodroski Joseph , Kappes John C. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

During the process by which human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) enters cells, the envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer on the virion surface engages host cell receptors. Binding to the receptor CD4 induces Env to undergo transitions from a pretriggered, “closed” (State-1) conformation to more “open” (State 2/3) conformations. Most broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs), which are difficult to elicit, recognize the pretriggered (State-1) conformation. More open Env conformations are recognized by poorly neutralizing antibodies (pNAbs), which are readily elicited during natural infection and vaccination with current Env immunogens. Env heterogeneity likely contributes to HIV-1 persistence by skewing antibody responses away from the pretriggered conformation. The conformationally flexible gp160 Env precursor on the infected cell or virion surface potentially presents multiple pNAb epitopes to the host immune system. Although proteolytic cleavage to produce the functional, mature Env trimer [(gp120/gp41)
3
] stabilizes State-1, many primary HIV-1 Envs spontaneously sample more open conformations. Here, we establish inducible cell lines that produce replication-defective HIV-1 particles with Env trimers stabilized in a pretriggered conformation. The mature Env is enriched on virus-like particles (VLPs). Using complementary approaches, we estimate an average of 25–50 Env trimers on each VLP. The stabilizing changes in Env limit the natural conformational heterogeneity of the VLP Env trimers, allowing recognition by bNAbs but not pNAbs. These defective VLPs provide a more homogeneous source of pretriggered Env trimers in a native membrane environment. Thus, these VLPs may facilitate the characterization of this functionally important Env conformation and its interaction with the immune system.

IMPORTANCE
A major impediment to the development of an effective HIV/AIDS vaccine is the inefficiency with which human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) envelope glycoproteins elicit antibodies that neutralize multiple virus strains. Neutralizing antibodies recognize a particular shape of the envelope glycoproteins that resides on the viral membrane before the virus engages the host cell. Here, we report the creation of stable cell lines that inducibly produce non-infectious HIV-like particles. The normally flexible envelope glycoprotein spikes on these virus-like particles have been stabilized in a conformation that is recognized by broadly neutralizing antibodies. These virus-like particles allow the study of the envelope glycoprotein conformation, its modification by sugars, and its ability to elicit desired neutralizing antibodies.
Children and adolescents’ experiences of mandatory SARS-CoV-2 testing in schools: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Kimmig Christian , Langer Thorsten , Loy Johanna K. , Bender Stephan , Haddad Anneke 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundPublic health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic had dramatic consequences for children and adolescents. However, policy-makers and healthcare researchers did not give sufficient weight to children’s perspectives. One common public health measure was mandatory SARS-CoV-2 tests in schools. This study examines the evaluation of such mandatory testing.MethodsWe investigated the effects of test type (pooled PCR tests vs antigen rapid tests) and demographic and psychological factors on evaluations of the experience of being tested. A total of 569 children (8–17 years) in two major German cities completed online questionnaires between October and December 2021. Participants answered questions addressing test evaluation, vaccination status, pandemic-related stress, mental health difficulties and health-related quality of life.ResultsOur results showed that overall test ratings were better for pooled PCR tests (p<0.001). Vaccine-willing students evaluated SARS-CoV-2 tests more positively than vaccine-unwilling students, regardless of test type (p<0.001). Children with mental health difficulties (abnormal/borderline Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) scores) evaluated SARS-CoV-2 tests more negatively than children with normal SDQ scores (p<0.001). Additionally, children who reported better health-related quality of life and children with less pandemic-related stress rated the tests more positively.ConclusionsOur results suggest that there are differences in the appraisal of the test types and that specific subgroups’ experiences of regular testing vary. Our study provides insights for policy-makers in future pandemics and raises questions regarding parallels between testing and vaccination hesitancy. Moreover, our study demonstrates the feasibility and value of collecting data directly from a large cohort of children in order to understand their experiences.
Provision of basic swimming and water safety skills in low-resource environments: barriers and facilitators of use of WHO practical guidance
Authors: Mecrow Thomas , Fortuin Abrahams Jill , Said Muhammad , Baker Shayne , Bonney James , Rahman Aminur , Peden Amy E 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionWHO guidance supports implementation of drowning prevention interventions. This study aimed to examine barriers and facilitators of use of WHO guidance on basic swimming and water safety skills in low-resource settings, gathering insights inform codesign of technical resources.MethodsMixed methods were used comprising WHO guidance gap analysis, participant surveys and thematic analysis of workshop discussions (17 participants and 13 countries). WHO document analysis and analysis of pre-workshop survey responses were combined to identify topic areas where additional guidance was required. Inductive thematic analysis of workshop discussions spanned current practice, challenges and opportunities. Postworkshop anonymous evaluation forms were also analysed.ResultsFour topic areas were identified that required additional technical guidance to support implementation: Site Safety Auditing; Medical Screening of Participants; Informed Consent and Emergency Action Planning. Barriers broadly spanned a lack of trained personnel and equipment as well as a lack of community understanding and varying support from external agencies. Opportunities identified included partnering with local organisations with specific expertise (ie, medical, emergency planning), improving programme administration and challenging traditional community practices (ie, informed consent, superstitions). Participants agreed the workshop would lead to changes in practice, however this remains to be confirmed.DiscussionAdditional technical resources to address gaps and support implementation were suggested and should now be developed, implemented and evaluated.ConclusionThis study identified additional technical resources and the development of a community of practice to support effective teaching of school age children swimming and water safety skills in low-resource settings.
Self-supervised Topic Taxonomy Discovery in the Box Embedding Space
Authors: Lu Yuyin , Chen Hegang , Mao Pengbo , Rao Yanghui , Xie Haoran , Wang Fu Lee , Li Qing 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Topic taxonomy discovery aims at uncovering topics of different abstraction levels and constructing hierarchical relations between them. Unfortunately, most prior work can hardly model semantic scopes of words and topics by holding the Euclidean embedding space assumption. What’s worse, they infer asymmetric hierarchical relations by symmetric distances between topic embeddings. As a result, existing methods suffer from problems of low-quality topics at high abstraction levels and inaccurate hierarchical relations. To alleviate these problems, this paper develops a Box embedding-based Topic Model (BoxTM) that maps words and topics into the box embedding space, where the asymmetric metric is defined to properly infer hierarchical relations among topics. Additionally, our BoxTM explicitly infers upper-level topics based on correlation between specific topics through recursive clustering on topic boxes. Finally, extensive experiments validate high-quality of the topic taxonomy learned by BoxTM.
Transitory Imaginaries in Central and Eastern Europe: Reconsidering Constitutional Tradition and Constitutional Transition from Symbolic-Imaginary Perspective
Authors: Belov Martin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper explores the transitory imaginaries in the semi-permanent constitutional polytransition in the Central and Eastern European region. It is centered on the novel concept of transitory imaginaries. This concept serves as a tool for combined socio-legal, comparative, and semiotic approach to constitutional transitions. The paper demonstrates the deep conceptual and pragmatic links between constitutional transitology, memory politics, and identity politics. It exposes the role of the forms of symbolic-imaginary constitutionalism for shaping and understanding of constitutional transitions and polytransitions. The paper shows the importance of constitutional imagination for collective symbolic-imaginary sublimation of constitutional transition and the bridging role of constitutional imaginaries that are stretched between the constitutional past, the constitutional present, and the constitutional future. In that regard, the paper explores the different ways for imagining the constitutional past and constitutional future and offers an outline of the main imaginaries in serving that purpose. More precisely, the paper analyses nationalist transitory imaginaries, universalist transitory imaginaries, and prospective transitional imaginaries.
Historical Imagery and Mnemonic Constitutionalism in Belarus
Authors: Belavusau Uladzislau 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The article examines the historical imagery in the Belarusian country study through the lense of mnemonic constitutionalism. The first part of the article explains the concept and relevance of mnemonic constitutionalism, particularly in the context of Belarus. It then further sketches comparative perspectives on mnemonic constitutionalism and memory laws in the region of Central and Eastern Europe, briefly drawing on Hungarian, Polish, Russian and Ukrainian examples. In the third part, the article unpacks the choices for historical imagery made by Belarusian memory politics and apparent in the constitutional referendum of 27 February 2022. The article further explains the rise of Belarusian memory laws and coercive mnemonic constitutionalism in Belarus prior to, and after, Putin’s invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022, in the fourth part. The conclusions highlight the distinct features of the Belarusian model of mnemonic constitutionalism in Europe, shaped by dystopian historical imagery and authoritarian memory politics.
Tax Treatment of Crypto Assets Under Serbian Law – Status Quo and Future Challenges
Authors: Živković Lidija 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The present paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the legal framework relevant for the taxation of transactions and activities involving crypto assets in Serbia. In the introductory part, the author provides a classification of crypto assets intended to serve as the methodological framework within which the taxation of various transactions and activities in the crypto domain will be analyzed, taking into account the principle of tax neutrality. The core of the paper elucidates the results of comparative legal research that the author had undertaken in order to identify diverging approaches jurisdictions around the world embraced regarding the taxation of generation, acquisition, holding and disposal of crypto assets. The choices made by the Serbian tax policy makers are juxtaposed to those applicable in comparative jurisdictions and, where appropriate, improvements are suggested. The author concludes by commending the recent trend in the application of Article 9, para. 1 of the Law on Tax Procedure and Tax Administration as a tool that could mitigate the need for recurrent and, ultimately, unsuccessful tailoring of the tax legislation to the novelties in the crypto domain.
Self-Disclosures During Lecture Affect Students’ Perceptions of Professor But Not Student Learning Outcomes
Authors: Erickson Cynthia A. , Hernandez Jovan O. , Hoekstra Steven J. , Jordan Ashley C. , Hill Katherine G. 
Published: November 2024

Background Information disclosed by professors in class could have potentially positive or negative effects on instructor–student rapport, student perceptions of the professor, student engagement in the class, and student learning. Objective This study measured both perceptions of professor self-disclosure and the relationship between self-disclosure and students’ recall of information. Method Psychology students viewed a short video lecture in which a professor used different examples to illustrate an operant conditioning concept, including a personal self-disclosure of gambling addiction. This between-groups design used four videos featuring one of four examples: (a) personal gambling addiction, (b) cousin with gambling addition, (c) dog training, and (d) control with no self-disclosure. Participants rated the professor and answered questions about the content of the lecture. Results Students rated the self-disclosing professor significantly higher on the Generalized Anxiety Stigma Scale, demonstrating more stigma towards the professor who self-disclosed her gambling addiction. Student recall of lecture content was not significantly different between conditions. Conclusion These data suggest that self-disclosure of addiction may negatively impact how students perceive a professor but does not influence memory for lecture content. Teaching Implications Instructors may want to consider student perceptions before self-disclosing information about personal conditions such as addition.
Assessing ChatGPT's cybersecurity implications in Saudi Arabian healthcare and education sectors: A comparative study
Authors: Alsadhan Abeer Abdullah 
Published: November 2024

Study purpose This study aims to critically evaluate ChatGPT's impact on cybersecurity in healthcare and education sectors. Methods This study employed a cross-sectional survey design, collecting data from healthcare and educational professionals in Saudi Arabia through a structured questionnaire, with 205 healthcare workers’ and 214 educators. The survey assessed perceptions of ChatGPT's impact on cybersecurity opportunities and challenges, with data analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA to explore differences across professional roles. Results Healthcare professionals viewed artificial intelligence (AI) more favorably (mean scores 4.24 and 4.14) than those in education, who showed moderate enthusiasm (mean scores 2.55 to 3.54). Concerns over data privacy and the cost of securing AI were significant, with high mean scores of 3.59 indicating widespread apprehension. Conclusion A balanced approach to ChatGPT's integration that carefully considers ethical implications, data privacy, and the technology's dual-use potential is required.