bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dexmedetomidine-Mediated Prevention of Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Depends in Part on Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms
Authors: Ma Jianbo , Chen Qian , Li Juanjuan , Zhao Hailin , Mi Emma , Chen Yan , Yi Bin , Ning Jiaolin , Ma Daqing , Lu Kaizhi , Gu Jianteng 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND:
Organ ischemia-reperfusion injury often induces local and systemic inflammatory responses, which in turn worsen organ injury. These inflammatory responses can be regulated by the central nervous system, particularly by the vagal nerve and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, which are the key components of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway can suppress excessive inflammatory responses and be a potential strategy for prevention of ischemia-reperfusion injury of organs including the kidney.

METHODS:
Vagal nerve activity, plasma acetylcholine, catecholamine and inflammatory mediators, renal tissue injury, and cell death were measured in mice with bilateral renal ischemia/reperfusion with or without treatment with dexmedetomidine (Dex), an α2-adrenergic receptor agonist.

RESULTS:
Dex significantly increased the discharge frequency of the cervical vagal nerve by up to 142 Hz (mean) (P < .001), and preserved kidney gross morphology and structure and attenuated cell apoptosis after ischemia-reperfusion. Furthermore, Dex also significantly increased acetylcholine release to 135.8 pmol/L (median) when compared to that (84.7 pmol/L) in the sham group (P < .001) and reduced the levels of several inflammatory mediators induced by renal ischemia/reperfusion. All the effects were abolished by vagotomy, splenectomy, or combinative administration of atipamezole, an α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our findings suggest that Dex provides renoprotection, at least in part, through anti-inflammatory effects of the parasympathetic nervous system activation in addition to its direct actions on α2-adrenergic receptors.
Incompatibilities in Mismatch Repair Genes MLH1-PMS1 Contribute to a Wide Range of Mutation Rates in Human Isolates of Baker’s Yeast
Authors: Raghavan Vandana , Bui Duyen T , Al-Sweel Najla , Friedrich Anne , Schacherer Joseph , Aquadro Charles F , Alani Eric 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Baker’s yeast bearing incompatible MLH1 and PMS1 mismatch repair alleles are mutators that can adapt more rapidly to stress—but do so at the cost of long-term fitness...
Laboratory baker’s yeast strains bearing an incompatible combination of MLH1 and PMS1 mismatch repair alleles are mutators that can adapt more rapidly to stress, but do so at the cost of long-term fitness. We identified 18 baker’s yeast isolates from 1011 surveyed that contain the incompatible MLH1-PMS1 genotype in a heterozygous state. Surprisingly, the incompatible combination from two human clinical heterozygous diploid isolates, YJS5845 and YJS5885, contain the exact MLH1 (S288c-derived) and PMS1 (SK1-derived) open reading frames originally shown to confer incompatibility. While these isolates were nonmutators, their meiotic spore clone progeny displayed mutation rates in a DNA slippage assay that varied over a 340-fold range. This range was 30-fold higher than observed between compatible and incompatible combinations of laboratory strains. Genotyping analysis indicated that MLH1-PMS1 incompatibility was the major driver of mutation rate in the isolates. The variation in the mutation rate of incompatible spore clones could be due to background suppressors and enhancers, as well as aneuploidy seen in the spore clones. Our data are consistent with the observed variance in mutation rate contributing to adaptation to stress conditions (e.g., in a human host) through the acquisition of beneficial mutations, with high mutation rates leading to long-term fitness costs that are buffered by mating or eliminated through natural selection.
Analysis of Students Perception about Teachers’ Personality in the Academic Achievement of Students at University Level
Authors: Chhapra Sadaf Umer , Naz Saba , Usmani Mehmood , Mohiuddin Adil 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis thesis is aimed at exploring the relationship of teacher’s personality as perceived by the students with students’ academic achievement. The major objective of study was to measure the perceptions of students about five dimensions of their teachers’ personality (i.e. Openness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Neuroticism) and to identify the relationship between these five dimensions of teacher’s personality and students’ academic achievement at university level. Data was collected from male and female students of five universities of Karachi with the help of questionnaire design on likert scale. As population frame was not available to random sampling technique (non-probability method) was used to collect data from 385 respondents. Statistical techniques that were applied for analysis of collected data were descriptive analysis, regression and ANOVA analysis. Findings of the study showed that there is a significant relationship between teachers’ personality and student’s academic performance at university level. Furthermore, all personality traits except Neuroticism is create positive impact on student’s academic output. This study help teacher and management to better understand the importance of personality traits and their impact on class management and ultimately of student’s academic performance.AbstrakTulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi hubungan kepribadian guru yang dirasakan oleh siswa dengan prestasi akademik siswa. Tujuan utama penelitian adalah untuk mengukur persepsi siswa tentang lima dimensi kepribadian guru mereka ( yaitu Openness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, dan Neuroticism) dan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara lima dimensi kepribadian guru dan prestasi akademik siswa. di tingkat universitas. Data dikumpulkan dari siswa pria dan wanita dari lima universitas di Karachi dengan bantuan desain kuesioner pada skala likert. Karena kerangka populasi tidak tersedia untuk teknik sampling acak (metode non-probabilitas) digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data dari 385 responden. Teknik statistik yang diterapkan untuk analisis data yang dikumpulkan adalah analisis deskriptif, regresi dan analisis ANOVA. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara kepribadian guru dan kinerja akademik siswa di tingkat universitas. Selain itu, semua ciri kepribadian kecuali Neuroticism menciptakan dampak positif pada output akademik siswa. Penelitian ini membantu guru dan manajemen untuk lebih memahami pentingnya sifat kepribadian dan dampaknya terhadap manajemen kelas dan akhirnya kinerja akademik siswa
Interrelation Kiai Authorities, Curriculum and Learning Culture in Pesantren Indonesia
Authors: Solichin Mohammad Muchlis 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn the education system of Pesantren salaf (traditional Islamic boarding school), Kiai is the highest authority in determining the direction and policies of a pesantren. The figure of Kiai in Pesantren has the authority to determine the direction, the purpose of education, and curriculum/learning materials in Pesantren. Kiai has authority in determining the books of certain scholars. Some books are specifically used in Pesantren to provide guidance for students in implementing the learning process in Pesantren.Those books are selected by Kiai to provide guidance for students in implementing the learning process in this Pesantren. This writing seeks to discuss mutual and interrelated relations among kiai’s authorities, curriculum and norms of students in learning. This paper will discuss how Kiai with authority to select and specify the books on the provisions of the students in learning. While such rules directly strengthen and perpetuate the leadership of Kiai in Pesantren. AbstrakDalam sistem pendidikan pesantren salaf (pesantren tradisional), Kiai adalah otoritas tertinggi dalam menentukan arah dan kebijakan pesantren. Tokoh Kiai di Pesantren, memiliki kewenangan untuk menentukan arah, tujuan pendidikan, dan kurikulum / bahan belajar di Pesantren. Kiai memiliki otoritas dalam menentukan buku-buku para sarjana tertentu. Beberapa buku secara khusus digunakan di Pesantren untuk memberikan bimbingan bagi siswa dalam melaksanakan proses pembelajaran di Pesantren. Buku-buku tersebut dipilih oleh Kiai untuk memberikan bimbingan bagi siswa dalam melaksanakan proses pembelajaran di Pesantren ini. Tulisan ini berusaha untuk membahas hubungan timbal balik dan saling terkait antara otoritas kiai, kurikulum dan norma-norma siswa dalam pembelajaran. Tulisan ini akan membahas bagaimana Kiai dengan wewenang untuk memilih dan menentukan buku-buku tentang ketentuan siswa dalam belajar. Sementara aturan tersebut langsung memperkuat dan melanggengkan kepemimpinan Kiai di Pesantren
Influence of the mechanical characteristics of harp screen material on screening process
Authors: Bardovskii A. D. , Gerasimova A. A. , Keropyan A. M. , Bibikow P. Ya. 
Published: October 2018

The paper presents the results of studies on the influence of mechanical characteristics of harp screen material on the technological parameters of screening. A mathematical model of the vibrational process of harp screens is presented depending on the length of their free areas, magnitude of technological load and characteristics of the screened material. Dependences of the relative vibrations amplitudes of rubber and cable strips on the length of their free areas are determined for different values of process load. As a result of the researches, it was established that the amplitude of the relative vibration of rubber strip under load decreases with increasing length of their free areas and for steel cable strips it increases, reaching a maximum at certain values of process load. It was also found that presence of the load dramatically reduces the amplitude of relative vibration of rubber strips, especially, in the area of dimensionless frequencies of the order of (0.6 – 1.4)g, while the vibrations amplitude of cable strips vary slightly in this frequency range. The article presents information on rubber-cable harp screening surfaces of mesh type: strips in the form of steel cables, rubberized with rubber cover having lateral separation projections. The use of rubber-cable strips as working elements of the screening surface allows to increase the “open area” of the screen due to the increase of distance between supports while maintaining high and stable amplitude of strips vibrations. Optimization of mechanical characteristics of the working elements material of harp screens and conditions of their fixation allows to intensify separation of screened material into fractions by eliminating sticking of the screened surface with clay particles and clogging of the material with “difficult” grains, and to improve significantly technical and economic indicators of the screening process. Such screening surface passed successful industrial tests at a number of quarries producing construction aggregates for the separation of crushed stone and gravel. Economic efficiency of the rubber-cable harp screens is presented in comparison with the wire screens in technological schemes of processing of mineral raw materials.
Development of the smelting technology of complex aluminum-chrome-silicon-containing ASC alloy from substandard raw materials
Authors: Orlov A. S. , Isagulov A. Z. , Sariev O. R. , Tolymbekov M. Zh. 
Published: October 2018

Scientists of the Chemical-Metallurgical Institute named after Zh. Abishev develop new types of highly effective alloys based on resource-saving technologies that allow the complex processing of natural and technogenic raw materials, such as carbonaceous waste, chrome ore fines, etc. Therefore, it has led to the creation of a onestage, slag-free and non-waste technology with the maximum use of all useful charge components. With disappearance of rich ore reserves, as well as the expansion of demand for raw materials and the development of technology, the rich ores are replaced by poorer and substandard ones that require new methods of processing. The maximum use of raw materials and industrial waste, if this is economically justified, is one of the basic requirements for the technology. This task is closely intertwined, and in many cases coincides with another task – the development of integrated methods of raw materials processing, which, in the general production cycle, allows using, if possible, all useful elements of raw materials. The main objective of the study is to find ways to improve the use of sub-standard chrome ore. As a reducing agent in the electrothermal smelting of the ACS alloy, instead of expensive coke, without which no process of carbothermic smelting is required, a cheap high-ash Borly coal was used. The coal ash, which mainly consists of silica and alumina, is an additional source of silicon and aluminum in the alloy. This technology will be simple and allows regarding substandard chromium ore as a complex metallurgical raw material, since not only chrome is used, but also the components of the waste rock – silicon and aluminum. As a result of the complete reduction of all charge oxides, this technology will make it possible to obtain a complex alloy of ACS with an approximate chemical composition: 39 – 43 % of chromium, 23 – 27 % of silicon, 7 – 10 % of aluminum. The transition of the main components of the charge to the alloy will be: 82 – 85 % of chromium, 68 – 70 % of silicon, 59 – 60 % of aluminum. In this paper, the results of experimental studies on the production of a complex alloy of ACS (aluminum-chromium-silicon) from high-ash coals of the Borly deposit and chrome ore minerals of the Donskoi GOK are presented. The course of furnace operation is described with a lack, excess, and also the calculated amount of the reducing agent. The ways of eliminating the upset in furnace operation are shown.
ÇOCUĞA YÖNELİK CİNSEL İSTİSMAR OLGUSUNDA ADLİ TIBBİ DEĞERLENDİRMENİN ÖNEMİ: OLGU SUNUMU
Authors: CENGER Cüneyt , TÜZÜN Birgül , SÖZEN Şevki , KESKİN Erbuğ , ALKAN Nevzat 
Published: October 2018

Giriş
ve Amaç: Çocuğa yönelik cinsel istismar olgularının
değerlendirilmesinde; aile ve çocuğun travmatize edilmeden bir defada çok yönlü
değerlendirilmesi, adli olgu bildirimi yapılması, koruma, sağlık, eğitim vb.
tedbirler alınarak müdahale edilmesi gerekmektedir. Ayırt edici tanı koymak bu
sürecin en önemli kısmıdır. Çalışmada bu tür olgularda ayırt edici tanı koymak
sürecinde adli tıbbi değerlendirmenin öneminin vurgulanması amaçlanmıştır.

Olgu:
Sekiz yaşında erkek çocuğudur. On yedi yaşındaki öz dayısının oğlu tarafından
son bir ay içerisinde birkaç kez anal yoldan cinsel istismara maruz kaldığı
iddiası ile son olay tarihinden yaklaşık 10 gün sonra küçüğün poposunun üzerine
oturmada güçlük çekmesi, sık tuvalete gitmesi, dışkılama değişikliği
şikayetleri nedeniyle öz teyzesi tarafından bir üniversite hastanesinin Çocuk
Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı Acil Birimi'ne gece nöbetinde
getirilmiştir. Küçük başvuru öncesinde üç adet özel hastaneye götürülmüş ancak
adli olgu özelliği nedeniyle üniversite hastanesine götürülmesi önerilmiştir.
Olguyu ilk muayene eden klinisyen hekim gece Adli Tıp Anabilim Dalı Öğretim
Üyesi'ni aramış ve nasıl hareket etmesi gerektiği hususunda fikir almıştır.
Yapılan yönlendirmede olgu ile ilgili hastane polisinin bilgilendirilmesi ve gözlem
altında tutularak taburcu edilmemesi talimatı verilmiştir. Ertesi gün Kadın
Hastalıkları ve Doğum, Çocuk Cerrahisi, Çocuk Ruh Sağlığı Hastalıkları ile Adli
Tıp olmak üzere tıpta uzmanlık alanlarından hekimler bir araya gelerek olguyu
değerlendirmişlerdir. Küçüğün anal muayenesinde; dışarıdan çıplak gözle fark
edilemeyen ve anal mukozanın iç kısmında mevcut dört adet derin laserasyon
belirlenmiş olup, çocukta tespit edilen olay sonrasında ortaya çıkan ruhsal
travma bulguları ile birlikte anal yoldan cinsel istismara maruz kaldığına dair
kesin tıbbi delil niteliğinde olduğu kanaatine varılmıştır.

Tartışma
ve Sonuç: Bu tür olgularda genital bölgede saptanan travmatik
lezyonların derin bir bölgede yerleşim göstermesi sebebi ile lezyonların
atlanması ve deneyimsiz bir ekip tarafından doğru olarak belirlenememesi ve
değerlendirilememesi riski bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca bu olguları ilk gören hekim
grubu; genellikle acil ünitelerde çalışan ve tedavi edici hekimlik üzerine
odaklanan, bu konuda deneyim kazanmış dolayısıyla olgunun adli tıp boyutunu
değerlendirebilecek özel bir eğitim almamışsa ayırıcı tanı koymada güçlük
yaşaması kaçınılmaz olacaktır. Olgunun doğru tanı almasındaki en önemli etken
ise; acil ünitelerdeki adli olgu değerlendirme aşamasında deneyimli klinisyen
hekimin; multidisipliner yaklaşımla adli tıbbi destek almasıdır. Bu sebeple
üniversite gibi kompleks yapılanma arz eden birimlerde; çocukluk çağı cinsel
istismar olguları bütüncül ve multidisipliner olarak değerlendirilmeli ve
hizmet içi eğitimlerde adli olgu değerlendirmesine yönelik eğitim programlarına
yer verilmelidir.
Terfezia claveryi Chatin’in besinsel içeriği, antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal aktivitesi
Authors: İnci Şule , KIRBAĞ Sevda 
Published: October 2018

Bu çalışmada; Terfezia claveryi Chatin’nin besinsel içeriği, antioksidan ve
antimikrobiyal aktivitelerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. T. claveryi’de % 89.59 kuru madde, % 0.04 ham kül, % 0.03 ham yağ, % 15.31 ham protein, % 83.47 organik madde, % 399.98 kcal enerji ve % 10.40 nem saptanmıştır. Makro ve mikro element
miktarları ise 52.5 mg/kg K, 560 mg/kg Na, 2.76 mg/kg Fe, 0.37 mg/kg Zn, 0.58
mg/kg Ca olarak belirlenmiştir. T. claveryi’nin total antioksidan seviyesi 1.18 µmol/l ve total oksidan seviyesi 3.45 µmol/l
olarak tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca; mantarın DNA koruyucu aktivitesi pBR322 plazmit DNA’sı kullanılarak
belirlenmeye çalışılmış ve DNA koruyucu aktivitesinin olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. T. claveryi’nin antimikrobiyal çalışması sonucunda
mikroorganizmalara düşük konsantrasyonlarda bile etki gösterdiği görülmüştür.
Özellikle, P.aeruginosa’ya karşı en
yüksek antimikrobiyal etki gösterdiği
belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak T. claveryi’nin besin içerikleri bakımından zengin olması, element
düzeylerinin toksik etki taşımadığı ve tıbbi açıdan önemli bir besin kaynağı
olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Long-term phenoclimatic averages of the Yuganskiy Nature Reserve territory and changes for 1961-2016
Authors: Zvyagina Elena A. , Pereyzslovets Tatiana S. 
Published: October 2018

In light of the observed global climate changes in recent decades, we studied the local climate indicators and explored the possible links between the spring and autumn phenophases and climate data changes in the Yuganskiy nature reserve (N 600 17’; E74054’ – N590 23’; E74000’) in 1982-2016. The collected climate data include daily average, maximum and minimum temperatures, daily precipitation amount and intensity, and number of days with precipitation of 0.1mm or more, monthly average of snow depths, dates of ﬁrst and last occurrence of daily mean temperatures 0, +5, +10°С through the year. Timing of sap movement and leaf fall start were used as the spring and autumn indicators of birch (Bétula péndula ) phenology. The mean value of weather averages in the 30-year period of 1961-1990 was used as reference. Trends were calculated using linear least squares regression. Statistical significance was determined by calculating the standard error of the trend estimate.
We found that the annual mean temperature has increased from –1.9°С (1961-1990) to –0.8° С (1982-2016), with corroborating indicators including increased temperature of the coldest night of the year from –53°С (1961-1990) to –51.3° С (1982-2016) and increased frequency of significant positive temperature anomalies from 21% (1961-1990) to 37% (1982-2016). May, June, August and October nights have become successively warmer. The air temperature increase was not accompanied by a corresponding increase in precipitation.
Statistically significant trends toward earlier onset of spring and summer from 1982 to 2016 were observed. The date of the last spring freeze has been advancing by 6.1 days per decade since 1982. A freeze-free season has lengthened by 7.7 days per decade. Linear trend of the snowmelt timing was –3.7 days per decade. Permanent snow cover period has been shortening by 7.7 days per decade. The date of the first occurrence of the daily mean temperatures of +10° С has been advancing by 5.1 days per decade. However, the 0 -+5° С lag has been lengthening significantly by 9.2 days per decade, and the number of biologically effective degree days (base +5C) has not statistically changed.
Sap flux and leaf fall timing of B. pendula have been advancing almost simultaneously by 4.0 and 4.2 days per decade since 1985. Sap flux beginning and last spring freeze date have been found to be linearly correlated (r=0.904). The average lag of them was 5±1 days and has been lengthening by 3 days per decade (1985–2016).
Роль экономико-математических методов в оптимизации экономических решений
Authors: Иванова Виктория Олеговна 
Published: October 2018

Качественный новый этап развития рыночной экономики определяется как экономика знаний. Он значительно отличается от предыдущей стадии формированием нелинейных тенденций в экономическом развитии. Лица, ответственные за управление экономикой на межнациональном, национальном, региональном уровне и уровне субъекта хозяйствования, должны принимать управленческие решения в условиях высокой неопределенности, влияющей на развитие процессов производства, распределения, обмена и потребления. Невозможно оценить эффективность таких проектов и процессов без соответствующих экономико-математических расчётов.	Экономико-математическое моделирование при этом является одним из наиболее подходящих и эффективных методов для описания современных сложных социально-экономических процессов и объектов. Создание математических моделей в экономике в сочетании с новыми экономическими решениями позволяет сформировать знания о результатах изменений, не прибегая к дорогостоящим эмпирическим экспериментам. Таким образом, экономико-математическое моделирование становится частью самой экономики. Таким образом, экономика знаний как общая и несколько абстрактная категория может быть выражена в осязаемой конкретной форме. Это может быть достигнуто с помощью экономико-математического моделирования различных экономических процессов и объектов.