bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Getting underneath the skin: A community engagement event for optimal vitamin D status in an ‘easily overlooked’ group
Authors: Lee Charlotte , Tanna Nuttan , Blair Mitch , Yusuf Yusuf , Khalief Hasan , Lakhanpaul Monica 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundPatient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) is recognized as important for improved quality in health service provision and research. Vitamin D is one area where PPIE has potential to benefit public health initiatives, particularly for women and children with increased skin pigmentation (ie at high risk of deficiency) who are easily overlooked.ObjectiveWe report findings from a community PPIE event that explored the knowledge, barriers and promoters for optimal vitamin D status amongst an exemplar high‐risk and easily overlooked population group.MethodsTwo researchers and one PPIE lead facilitated a single group discussion with twenty members of the Somali community from across west London. All attendees were women of reproductive age, or knew a mother and child that could benefit from a targeted initiative. The discussion was recorded, transcribed verbatim, organized and coded using NVivo 12 Pro to identify emergent themes underpinned by the Health Behaviour Model.ResultsAttendees thought community safety and competing demands of technology and education impacted on sun exposure and lifestyle activity. Language barriers impacted on access to health care. Attendees also felt the mother figure was ‘the most important’ influencer of both child and wider community health.DiscussionAlthough further discourse is needed, this event emphasizes that it is important that the public voice is heard in informing, designing and evaluating appropriate public health interventions amongst specific ethnic groups. Insights from this Somali population have suggested benefit from using verbal health messages that are specifically targeted at mothers, compared with the general population.
GROWING LIKE SPAIN: 1995–2007
Authors: García‐Santana Manuel , Moral‐Benito Enrique , Pijoan‐Mas Josep , Ramos Roberto 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMeasured total factor productivity (TFP) fell in Spain during the boom years of 1995–2007. Using administrative data from the quasi‐universe of firms, we show that there was an increase in misallocation, which was more severe in sectors where connections with public officials are more important for business success. We write and estimate a simple model of cronyism in which heterogeneous firms invest in political connections. Our quantitative exercise concludes that the institutional decline over this period costed 1.9% growth in TFP per year and a 0.8% annual increase in the resources spent by firms in establishing political connections.
Exploring (non‐)meat eating and “translated cuisines” out of home: Evidence from three English cities
Authors: Neuman Nicklas , Mylan Josephine , Paddock Jessica 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMeat production and consumption are major contributors to global greenhouse gas emissions and other aspects of environmental degradation. It is the aim of this paper to explore red meat in the configuration of main meals eaten out in England across types and styles of cuisine, and to consider the implications for transition towards less resource intensive ways of eating in the future. We show that the odds ratio of eating a dish without red meat is significantly lower in North American/European and Near/Middle Eastern cuisines compared with East Asian (with no difference between South and East Asian), that women are more likely than men to eat fish and poultry (with no gender differences in vegetarian dishes), that Prestonians are the least likely to select a vegetarian dish, compared with people in London and Bristol, and that the odds of a vegetarian dish compared with red meat is higher amongst managerial workers compared with the routine manual workers (with no other statistically significant class differences). We suggest the term “translated cuisine” to refer cuisines that travel and become incorporated into the palate of the new food culture, and discuss how this could play a role in transitions towards less meat‐centred patterns of food consumption in the future.
What about sustainability? Understanding consumers' conceptual representations through free word association
Authors: Barone Bruna , Rodrigues Heber , Nogueira Rosana Maria , Guimarães Kátia Regina Leoni Silva Lima de Queiroz , Behrens Jorge Herman 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe United Nations (UN) conceptualizes sustainability as development that meets the current needs of the planet's populations, but without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Although the concept of sustainability has been widely discussed in the international political agendas, inconsistent interpretation and ambiguity of the concept by consumers is observed. In this paper, the understanding of the term sustainability amongst Brazilian consumers is reported. Using the word association projective technique, the participants were asked to write down all the words that came to their mind when thinking about “sustainability.” Thematic content analysis was performed by grouping words by similarity of meaning in categories, which were further submitted to correspondence analysis (CA) to create a perceptual map. Brazilian consumers made different associations reflecting the complexity and multidimensionality of the concept amongst different groups of consumers. The most frequently cited categories are related to environment, health and nutrition, behaviour, production and economy and sustenance. CA accounted for 76.7% of the data variance and the perceptual map evidenced that younger individuals with higher education made associations with categories related to the current concept of sustainable development, similar to that proposed by UN. Moreover, consumers with basic education were associated with categories related to food and sustenance. The findings of this study can contribute to the formulation of education strategies directed towards different social groups, besides directing further research on consumer behaviour.
Investigation on the inactivation of trypsin by oenothein B: isothermal titration calorimetry and docking studies
Authors: Wang Li , Liang Huijun , Liu Zitao , Zhang Jingfeng , Wang Yu , Xiao Jian , Zhao Lichao 
Published: October 2019

SummaryThe aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory mechanism of oenothein B (OeB), a unique oligomer ellagitannin with a rigid structure, on porcine trypsin using fluorescence spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), circular dichroism (CD) and molecular docking. Trypsin activity was strongly inhibited by OeB in a competitive way. Fluorescence quenching of trypsin by OeB was a static quenching. The CD spectra showed that binding of OeB to trypsin altered trypsin's conformation. The ITC and docking studies revealed that the inhibitory mechanism of OeB occurred via binding to the interior hydrophobic groups of trypsin and the formation of hydrogen bonds with trypsin through binding to the amino acid residues Asn97, His573, Ser195 and Gln192. This study provides a theoretical and computational basis for the precise control of trypsin in food industry. Based on the results, OeB may be used in food technology research as novel bioactive trypsin inhibitor.
Formation and characterisation of food protein–polysaccharide thermal complex particles: effects of pH, temperature and polysaccharide type
Authors: Wu Chu‐Li , Chen Qi‐Hui , Li Xiao‐Yin , Su Jia‐hui , He Shan , Liu Jun , Yuan Yang 
Published: October 2019

SummaryThe objective of this study was to prepare and characterise the thermal complex particles (TCPs) based on heating food grade protein–polysaccharide electrostatic complexes. The soybean protein isolate (SPI), cationic polysaccharide (chitosan, CS) and anionic polysaccharide (carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC) were used. Turbidity, particle size, ζ‐potential and morphology of TCPs were measured. The results showed that SPI‐CS and SPI‐CMC soluble complexes were obtained at specific pHs and kept at high electrostatic repulsive force. The particle size and polydispersity index of stable SPI‐CS (pH 4.55/80 °C) and SPI‐CMC (pH 6.15/95 °C) TCPs were 286.6 nm/0.282 and 171.5 nm/0.298, respectively. We inferred that the re‐assembly of SPI after thermal denaturation resulted in the formation of TCPs. The pH and ionic strength sensitivity tests indicated that the TCPs with different properties can be controlled by pH, temperature and polysaccharide type during heating. These TCPs could be used to encapsulate food functional components which were thermal insensitive.
Quality of wheat bread enriched with onion extract and polyphenols content and antioxidant activity changes during bread storage
Authors: Czaja Anna , Czubaszek Anna , Wyspiańska Dorota , Sokół‐Łętowska Anna , Kucharska Alicja Z. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryWe determined the effect of onion skin extract (OE) on the quality of wheat bread: contents of total polyphenols and flavonols, antioxidative activity and their changes during storage. With increasing doses of OE to bread, contents of total polyphenols and flavonols and the antioxidative activity were observed to increase. A higher total flavonol content was found in bread with 1% OE stored at 24 °C than in bread stored at 4 °C. There was no such relationship in the bread with 0.5% OE. Changes in flavonols content during storage for 72 h were insignificant. No clear trends of change in the antioxidant activity could be found at storage of breads. The addition of OE caused no changes in the yield and volume of bread and contributed to a decreasing value of L* parameter and to increasing values of ΔE, a* and b* parameters of bread crumb colour. Consumers accepted the smell and taste of bread with the addition of OE to a lesser extent than the control bread. Bread with 1% OE the taste was rated very low. Consumers rated the taste of bread with 1% OE low because it was bitter. Breads enriched with OE had a proper external appearance as well as crumb and crust features. Roasted onion aroma and taste were perceptible in the obtained breads. A bitterness was perceptible in breads baked with the addition of 1% of OE.
Antioxidant Pickering emulsions stabilised by zein/tannic acid colloidal particles with low concentration
Authors: Zhou Bin , Gao Sihai , Li Xiuting , Liang Hongshan , Li Shugang 
Published: October 2019

SummaryPickering emulsions are widely used as a carrier and protective systems in many fields for encapsulation‐specific bioactive substances. In this current study, we fabricated an antioxidant Pickering emulsions stabilised by zein/tannic acid nanoparticle. Results showed that coalescence and creaming stability of the emulsion highly depended on the concentration of the particles and the zein to TA ratio in the formulation. A 0.3% concentration of zein and a 1:1 zein to TA ratio was found to exhibit optimal stabilising capability. Given the intrinsic antioxidant activity of tannic acid, which forms a protective shell, the oxidative deterioration of the oil in the emulsion could be significantly prevented. These data suggest that the ZTNPs established in the present study are a promising emulsifier in the Pickering emulsion. It is promising as a green, safe, high‐performance particle stabiliser and a novel food ingredient for use in interface‐oriented food systems.
Phenotypic plasticity in gastropod shell remodeling
Authors: Charifson David 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA laboratory experiment was conducted with the marine gastropodLittorina littoreafrom three different sites in Long Island Sound to test for inducible responses to the non‐native predatory crabHemigrapsus sanguineus. Individuals ofL. littoreadid not exhibit decreased shell growth in response to increased predation risk, which differs from the response seen in other species ofLittorina.However, snails did exhibit slower growth in response to reduced food availability, as seen in other gastropods. Surprisingly, snails from two sites exhibited differences between the crab‐exposed and reduced food‐availability treatments in how they remodeled the thickness of different microstructural layers of shell material in apical parts of the shell. Although individuals ofL. littoreadid not show the typical shell thickening response seen in other gastropods, they did show differences among populations in remodeling their shell. This underlies the importance of examining how the shell is constructed and remodeled in studies of inducible defenses in gastropods, as well as the importance of examining animals from multiple populations.
Long‐term retention of acoustic telemetry transmitters in temperate predators revealed by predation tags implanted in wild prey fish
Authors: Klinard Natalie V. , Matley Jordan K. , Fisk Aaron T. , Johnson Timothy B. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBloater Coregonus hoyi (n = 48) were implanted with V9DT‐2x predation transmitters and monitored on 105 acoustic receivers in eastern Lake Ontario for >6 months. Twenty‐three predation events were observed, with predator retention of tags ranging from ≤1 to ≥194 days and 30% of retentions lasting >150 days. Long tag retention times raise concerns for acoustic telemetry analysis and the health of piscivorous predators retaining tags.
Selective sexual differentiation of neurone populations may contribute to sex‐specific outputs of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus
Authors: Kammel Laura G. , Correa Stephanie M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSex differences among neurones in the ventrolateral region of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMHvl) allow for the display of a diversity of sex‐typical behaviours and physiological responses, ranging from mating behaviour to metabolism. Here, we review recent studies that interrogate the relationship between sex‐typical responses and changes in cellular phenotypes. We discuss technologies that increase the resolution of molecular profiling or targeting of cell populations, including single‐cell transcriptional profiling and conditional viral genetic approaches to manipulate neurone survival or activity. Overall, emerging studies indicate that sex‐typical functions of the VMH may be mediated by phenotypically distinct and sexually differentiated neurone populations within the VMHvl. Future studies in this and other brain regions could exploit cell‐type‐specific tools to reveal the cell populations and molecular mediators that modulate sex‐typical responses. Furthermore, cell‐type‐specific analyses of the effects of sexually differentiating factors, including sex hormones, can test the hypothesis that distinct cell types within a single brain region vary with respect to sexual differentiation.
A Tale of Two Premiums: The Role of Hedgers and Speculators in Commodity Futures Markets
Authors: KANG WENJIN , ROUWENHORST K. GEERT , TANG KE 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThis paper studies the dynamic interaction between the net positions of traders and risk premiums in commodity futures markets. Short‐term position changes are driven mainly by the liquidity demands of noncommercial traders, while long‐term variation is driven primarily by the hedging demands of commercial traders. These two components influence expected futures returns with opposite signs. The gains from providing liquidity by commercials largely offset the premium they pay for obtaining price insurance.
Melatonin attenuates epidermal growth factor‐induced cathepsin S expression in ARPE‐19 cells: Implications for proliferative vitreoretinopathy
Authors: Yang Shun‐Fa , Chen Yong‐Syuan , Chien Hsiang‐Wen , Wang Kai , Lin Chia‐Liang , Chiou Hui‐Ling , Lee Chia‐Yi , Chen Pei‐Ni , Hsieh Yi‐Hsien 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAbnormal proliferation and motility of retinal pigment epithelial cells leads to proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Melatonin is a known effective antitumour and anti‐invasive agent, but whether it affects the formation and underlying mechanisms of PVR remains unclear. In this study, the results of the MTT assay, colony formation and propidium iodide (PI) staining with flow cytometry revealed that melatonin dose dependently inhibited epidermal growth factor (EGF)‐induced proliferation of human ARPE‐19 cells. Furthermore, melatonin reduced EGF‐induced motility by suppressing cathepsin S (CTSS) expression. Pretreatment with ZFL (a CTSS inhibitor) or overexpression of CTSS (pCMV‐CTSS) significantly inhibited EGF‐induced cell motility when combined with melatonin. Epidermal growth factor induced the phosphorylation of AKT(S473)/mTOR (S2448) and transcription factor (c‐Jun/Sp1) signaling pathways. Pretreatment of LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor) or rapamycin (an mTOR inhibitor) markedly reduced EGF‐induced motility and p‐AKT/p‐mTOR/c‐Jun/Sp1 expression when combined with melatonin. Taken together, these data indicate that melatonin inhibited EGF‐induced proliferation and motility of human ARPE‐19 cells by activating the AKT/mTOR pathway, which is dependent on CTSS modulation of c‐Jun/Sp1 signalling. Melatonin may be a promising therapeutic drug against PVR.
Activity profiling of barley vacuolar processing enzymes provides new insights into the plant and cyst nematode interaction
Authors: Labudda Mateusz , Różańska Elżbieta , Prabucka Beata , Muszyńska Ewa , Marecka Dorota , Kozak Marcin , Dababat Abdelfattah A. , Sobczak Mirosław 
Published: October 2019

SummaryVacuolar processing enzymes (VPEs) play an important role during regular growth and development and defence responses. Despite substantial attempts to understand the molecular basis of plant–cyst nematode interaction, the mechanism of VPEs functioning during this interaction remains unknown. The second‐stage Heterodera filipjevi juvenile penetrates host roots and induces the formation of a permanent feeding site called a syncytium. To investigate whether infection with H. filipjevi alters plant host VPEs, the studies were performed in Hordeum vulgare roots and leaves on the day of inoculation and at 7, 14 and 21 days post‐inoculation (dpi). Implementing molecular, biochemical and microscopic methods we identified reasons for modulation of barley VPE activity during interaction with H. filipjevi. Heterodera filipjevi parasitism caused a general decrease of VPE activity in infected roots, but live imaging of VPEs showed that their activity is up‐regulated in syncytia at 7 and 14 dpi and down‐regulated at 21 dpi. These findings were accompanied by tissue‐specific VPE gene expression patterns. Expression of the barley cystatin HvCPI‐4 gene was stimulated in leaves but diminished in roots upon infestation. External application of cyclotides that can be produced naturally by VPEs elicits in pre‐parasitic juveniles vesiculation of their body, enhanced formation of granules, induction of exploratory behaviour (stylet thrusts and head movements), production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and final death by methuosis. Taken together, down‐regulation of VPE activity through nematode effectors promotes the nematode invasion rates and leads to avoidance of the induction of the plant proteolytic response and death of the invading juveniles.
The significance of PA28γ and U2AF1 in oral mucosal carcinogenesis
Authors: Yin Fengying , Wang Jiongke , Zhao Kui , Xin Chuan , Shi Yujie , Zeng Xin , Xu Hao , Li Jing , Chen Qianming 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveProteasome activator 28γ (PA28γ) upregulation plays a critical role in the carcinogenesis of many malignancies, including oral cancer. We aim to screen the related genes of PA28γ and investigate their function in oral mucosa carcinogenesis.Materials and methodsBioinformatics analysis was performed to screen the related genes of PA28γ. Immunohistochemical analysis was carried out to validate their correlation in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and detect their expression levels in the whole process of oral mucosa carcinogenesis. The Kaplan–Meier method was used for estimating the overall survival, and the Cox models were constructed to predict the prognosis.ResultsU2 small nuclear RNA auxiliary factor 1 (U2AF1) was screened out, and the correlation between U2AF1 and PA28γ was further validated in OSCC. The expression levels of PA28γ and U2AF1 were gradually increased from normal to oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) to OSCC tissues. Overall survival was significantly shorter in patients with high U2AF1 expression and the combined application of U2AF1 and PA28γ notably improved the accuracy of prognosis prediction.ConclusionU2AF1 and PA28γ might play pivotal roles in the progression of OPMD, which may provide insights into the development of new therapeutic strategies to prevent OPMD from becoming malignant.
Soil properties related to suppression of Rhizoctonia solani on tobacco fields from northwest Argentina
Authors: Harries E. , Berruezo L. A. , Galván M. Z. , Rajal V. B. , Mercado Cárdenas G. E. 
Published: October 2019

Biotic and abiotic factors from soils have been implicated in the disease suppression of Rhizoctonia solani. This study included a Eucalyptus twig baiting assay, disease index and qPCR quantification of R. solani, and physicochemical analysis of 10 tobacco soils from five different locations (V: Vaqueros, C: Cerrillos, R: Rosario de Lerma, SA: San Agustín, CH: Chicoana) in the northwest of Argentina. Levels of Rhizoctonia soil inoculum quantified by baiting assay and qPCR were positively correlated. However, there was no correlation with root rot disease index in tobacco fields. Soils from V1, SA2 and CH2 fields, which reduced root rot disease on tobacco plants, were suppressive to R. solani infection. High clay, pH, organic matter content and physical stability in tobacco soils were the main physicochemical properties that limited Rhizoctonia development. Interestingly, growth of R. solani subgroups AG4‐HGI and AG4‐HGIII was highly suppressed in V1 and CH2 fields, and in SA2 fields, respectively. Undisturbed soil from a local forested mountain also resulted in reduction of growth of AG4‐HGIII and AG4‐HGI, while AG2‐1 was less affected, suggesting that high soil organic matter contributed to suppression of R. solani. Soils highly suppressive of R. solani had significantly different populations of culturable bacteria, Pseudomonas and fungi, but populations of actinobacteria and Trichoderma spp. did not differ. These different populations may be involved in the inhibition of fungal growth. The results demonstrated that physicochemical and biological properties of soil suppressive to R. solani could act as an alternative for controlling Rhizoctonia diseases on tobacco.