bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practitioner competence and clinical outcomes during cognitive behavioural and cognitive-analytic guided self-help for anxiety
Authors: Power Niall , Simmonds-Buckley Melanie , Delgadillo Jaime , Smithies Jessica , Bee Charlotte , Kellett Stephen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Despite the ubiquity of guided self-help (GSH) interventions in Primary Care psychological services, there have been no previous studies of the relationship between the competence of qualified practitioners and treatment outcomes. This study compared competence-outcome associations in two types of GSH. Competence and clinical outcome measures were drawn from a clinical trial comparing the efficacy of two types of GSH for anxiety disorders, based on cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT-GSH) or cognitive analytic therapy (CAT-GSH). These interventions were delivered over the telephone by qualified and supervised practitioners. Audio-recordings of GSH sessions (n=94) were rated using a validated competence measure. Clinical outcomes were anxiety, depression and functioning. Secondary outcomes were attendance and need for further intervention after GSH. Competence ratings were highly reliable. No significant associations were found between competence and clinical outcomes, treatment engagement or need for further intervention. In this clinical trial, GSH competence ratings were not associated with clinical outcomes. Directions for future competence-outcome research are provided for GSH interventions.

Key learning aims

(1)
Become familiar with the current empirical literature on therapist competence and associations with clinical outcome.

(2)
Raise awareness of a recently developed alternative form of guided self-help based on the theory and principles of cognitive analytic therapy.

(3)
Enhance understanding of the relationship between practitioner competence and clinical outcome in guided self-help for anxiety disorders.
Combining Satellite, Teleconnection, and In Situ Data to Improve Understanding of Multi‐Decadal Coastal Ice Cover Dynamics on Earth's Largest Freshwater Lake
Authors: Venumuddula Manish , Kirchner Karl , Chen Austin , Rood Richard B. , Gronewold Andrew D. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTo differentiate and understand drivers behind coastal ice cover trends and variability, we advance development of a model combining satellite, in situ, and teleconnection data along the shoreline of Earth's largest freshwater lake (Lake Superior). Previous studies suggest a regime shift in Lake Superior's ice cover starting in 1998. Our study includes seven years of new data and subsequent model analysis that provide new insight into characteristics of the post‐1998 regime. In addition to providing a valuable extension to the historical ice cover record for this domain, we find the regime shift in coastal ice cover starting in 1998 is characterized by pronounced variability, and not simply a shift in pre‐1998 trends. Our findings represent an important stepping stone for future ice and climate modeling not only on Lake Superior but across the entire Great Lakes region and in other global high‐latitude coastal regions as well.
No Temporal Change Seen in High‐Frequency Waves Scattered Near the Core‐Mantle Boundary
Authors: Wang Ruoyan , Vidale John E. , Wang Wei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe core‐mantle boundary (CMB) and the outermost core are dynamic and heterogeneous regions with time‐dependent flows. We examine two seismic raypaths, diffracted P and PKP precursors—both replete with scattering, with precisely repeating earthquakes. These earthquakes, occurring in the South Sandwich Islands, were recorded on the Yellowknife array in Canada, the Alice Springs array in Australia, and the Eilson Array in United States for the past 30 years. In all the most resolved cases, five for diffracted P and 19 for PKP precursors, we observe 1–2 Hz scattered waves that exactly repeat within the resolution of our study for more than 10 s. Although the absence of observable changes is unsurprising, it imposes constraints on potential temporal variations near the CMB. This suggests that any dynamic processes in this region might either be too subtle to detect, even with high‐frequency waves, or occur on different timescales.
Impact of Corner‐Bridge Flow on Capillary Pressure Curve: Insights From Microfluidic Experiments and Pore‐Network Modeling
Authors: Lan Tian , Hu Ran , Wang Guan‐Xiong , Yang Zhibing , Chen Yi‐Feng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe capillary pressure curve is essential for predicting multiphase flow processes in geological systems. At low saturations, wetting films form and become important, but how wetting films control this curve remains inadequately understood. In this study, we combine microfluidic experiments with pore‐network modeling to investigate the impact of corner‐bridge flow on the capillary pressure curve in porous media. Using a CMOS camera and a confocal laser scanning microscopy, we directly observe the corner‐bridge flow under quasi‐static drainage displacement, revealing that corner‐bridge flow serves as an additional flow path to drain trapped water. Consequently, the capillary pressure curve shifts toward lower saturations, resulting in a reduced water residual saturation. We establish a theoretical criterion for the occurrence of corner‐bridge flow and develop a pore‐network model to simulate quasi‐static drainage, taking into account this additional flow path. Pore‐network modeling results agree well with our experimental observation. On this basis, we employ our pore‐network model to systematically analyze the impact of corner‐bridge flow on capillary pressure curve across varying porosity, pore‐scale disorder, and system size. Results indicate that the impact of corner‐bridge flow becomes more pronounced as porosity decreases and shape factor increases. Our findings demonstrate that the maximum decrease of water residual saturation is 0.19 when porosity is at its minimum, and the shape factor is at its maximum. This work bridges the gap between the pore‐scale mechanism and capillary pressure behavior and has significant implications for estimating the amount of extractable water and the CO2 storage capacity.
Medical and sociodemographic characteristics related to feeding therapy referral and service provision for preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Nguyen Tiana T. , Pineda Roberta , Reynolds Stacey , Rogers Elizabeth E. , Kane Audrey E. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objective
To determine the scope of feeding therapy for preterm infants in the NICU and medical and sociodemographic factors related to feeding therapy referral and service provision.

Study design
Retrospective study of infants born <37 weeks gestation in a level IV NICU between January 2017 and December 2019.

Result
Among 547 infants, 27% of infants received a feeding therapy referral, and 74% of those referrals were problem-based referrals. Feeding therapy referrals were more likely among infants with lower gestational ages and birthweights (both p < 0.001). In addition, infants with greater medical complexity, who required oxygen at 36 weeks, who had a history of mechanical ventilation, and who had a higher postmenstrual age at discharge were more likely to be referred to feeding therapy (all p < 0.001).

Conclusion
While medical factors relate to feeding therapy referrals, there are other complex person and system factors that determine feeding therapy referral and service provision.
Bifocal retinal degeneration observed on ultra-widefield autofluorescence in some cases of CRX-associated retinopathy
Authors: Lin Siying , Arno Gavin , Robson Anthony G. , Schiff Elena R. , Mohamed Moin D. , Michaelides Michel , Webster Andrew R. , Mahroo Omar A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Variants in CRX are associated with dominantly inherited retinopathy with considerable phenotypic variability. Many patients have central retinal degeneration; in some patients, we have observed an additional focus of degeneration in the nasal retina. This study explores this phenotypic association amongst patients with CRX-associated disease.

Methods
A retrospective review was conducted for all patients with dominant CRX-associated retinopathy at two UK centres. Analysis focused on patients with available ultra-widefield autofluorescence imaging and aimed to identify those with a specific bifocal degeneration pattern involving the nasal retina in both eyes.

Results
Sixty patients were identified, with ultra-widefield fundus imaging available for 50 patients. Of these, six male patients aged 26–74 years displayed a distinct pattern characterised by central retinal degeneration and an additional discrete area of altered autofluorescence in the nasal periphery. Pattern and full-field ERGs indicated macular dysfunction in all 6 cases, with generalised cone (n = 2) or cone and rod (n = 4) system involvement, with a locus that appeared to be post-phototransduction. The CRX variants found in these patients included missense variants (n = 2), frameshifting variants (n = 3), and a CRX whole gene deletion (n = 1), with no clear genotype-phenotype correlation identified.

Conclusions
We report a distinct pattern of bifocal retinal degeneration in some cases of CRX-associated retinopathy (12% in our cohort), not typically seen in other forms of inherited retinal disease. Recognising such phenotypes can guide genetic investigations or their interpretation, facilitating molecular diagnoses for effective family counselling, given the autosomal dominant inheritance and phenotypic variability of CRX-associated retinopathy.
The genetic landscape of autism spectrum disorder in an ancestrally diverse cohort
Authors: Gogate Ashlesha , Kaur Kiran , Khalil Raida , Bashtawi Mahmoud , Morris Mary Ann , Goodspeed Kimberly , Evans Patricia , Chahrour Maria H. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) comprises neurodevelopmental disorders with wide variability in genetic causes and phenotypes, making it challenging to pinpoint causal genes. We performed whole exome sequencing on a modest, ancestrally diverse cohort of 195 families, including 754 individuals (222 with ASD), and identified 38,834 novel private variants. In 68 individuals with ASD (~30%), we identified 92 potentially pathogenic variants in 73 known genes, including BCORL1, CDKL5, CHAMP1, KAT6A, MECP2, and SETD1B. Additionally, we identified 158 potentially pathogenic variants in 120 candidate genes, including DLG3, GABRQ, KALRN, KCTD16, and SLC8A3. We also found 34 copy number variants in 31 individuals overlapping known ASD loci. Our work expands the catalog of ASD genetics by identifying hundreds of variants across diverse ancestral backgrounds, highlighting convergence on nervous system development and signal transduction. These findings provide insights into the genetic underpinnings of ASD and inform molecular diagnosis and potential therapeutic targets.
Isoprene nitrates drive new particle formation in Amazon’s upper troposphere
Authors: Curtius Joachim , Heinritzi Martin , Beck Lisa J. , Pöhlker Mira L. , Tripathi Nidhi , Krumm Bianca E. , Holzbeck Philip , Nussbaumer Clara M. , Hernández Pardo Lianet , Klimach Thomas , Barmpounis Konstantinos , Andersen Simone T. , Bardakov Roman , Bohn Birger , Cecchini Micael A. , Chaboureau Jean-Pierre , Dauhut Thibaut , Dienhart Dirk , Dörich Raphael , Edtbauer Achim , Giez Andreas , Hartmann Antonia , Holanda Bruna A. , Joppe Philipp , Kaiser Katharina , Keber Timo , Klebach Hannah , Krüger Ovid O. , Kürten Andreas , Mallaun Christian , Marno Daniel , Martinez Monica , Monteiro Carolina , Nelson Carolina , Ort Linda , Raj Subha S. , Richter Sarah , Ringsdorf Akima , Rocha Fabio , Simon Mario , Sreekumar Sreedev , Tsokankunku Anywhere , Unfer Gabriela R. , Valenti Isabella D. , Wang Nijing , Zahn Andreas , Zauner-Wieczorek Marcel , Albrecht Rachel I. , Andreae Meinrat O. , Artaxo Paulo , Crowley John N. , Fischer Horst , Harder Hartwig , Herdies Dirceu L. , Machado Luiz A. T. , Pöhlker Christopher , Pöschl Ulrich , Possner Anna , Pozzer Andrea , Schneider Johannes , Williams Jonathan , Lelieveld Jos 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNew particle formation (NPF) in the tropical upper troposphere is a globally important source of atmospheric aerosols1–4. It is known to occur over the Amazon basin, but the nucleation mechanism and chemical precursors have yet to be identified2. Here we present comprehensive in situ aircraft measurements showing that extremely low-volatile oxidation products of isoprene, particularly certain organonitrates, drive NPF in the Amazonian upper troposphere. The organonitrates originate from OH-initiated oxidation of isoprene from forest emissions in the presence of nitrogen oxides from lightning. Nucleation bursts start about 2 h after sunrise in the outflow of nocturnal deep convection, producing high aerosol concentrations of more than 50,000 particles cm−3. We report measurements of characteristic diurnal cycles of precursor gases and particles. Our observations show that the interplay between biogenic isoprene, deep tropical convection with associated lightning, oxidation photochemistry and the low ambient temperature uniquely promotes NPF. The particles grow over time, undergo long-range transport and descend through subsidence to the lower troposphere, in which they can serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) that influence the Earth’s hydrological cycle, radiation budget and climate1,4–8.
Probabilistic weather forecasting with machine learning
Authors: Price Ilan , Sanchez-Gonzalez Alvaro , Alet Ferran , Andersson Tom R. , El-Kadi Andrew , Masters Dominic , Ewalds Timo , Stott Jacklynn , Mohamed Shakir , Battaglia Peter , Lam Remi , Willson Matthew 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWeather forecasts are fundamentally uncertain, so predicting the range of probable weather scenarios is crucial for important decisions, from warning the public about hazardous weather to planning renewable energy use. Traditionally, weather forecasts have been based on numerical weather prediction (NWP)1, which relies on physics-based simulations of the atmosphere. Recent advances in machine learning (ML)-based weather prediction (MLWP) have produced ML-based models with less forecast error than single NWP simulations2,3. However, these advances have focused primarily on single, deterministic forecasts that fail to represent uncertainty and estimate risk. Overall, MLWP has remained less accurate and reliable than state-of-the-art NWP ensemble forecasts. Here we introduce GenCast, a probabilistic weather model with greater skill and speed than the top operational medium-range weather forecast in the world, ENS, the ensemble forecast of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts4. GenCast is an ML weather prediction method, trained on decades of reanalysis data. GenCast generates an ensemble of stochastic 15-day global forecasts, at 12-h steps and 0.25° latitude–longitude resolution, for more than 80 surface and atmospheric variables, in 8 min. It has greater skill than ENS on 97.2% of 1,320 targets we evaluated and better predicts extreme weather, tropical cyclone tracks and wind power production. This work helps open the next chapter in operational weather forecasting, in which crucial weather-dependent decisions are made more accurately and efficiently.
Macrophages excite muscle spindles with glutamate to bolster locomotion
Authors: Yan Yuyang , Antolin Nuria , Zhou Luming , Xu Luyang , Vargas Irene Lisa , Gomez Carlos Daniel , Kong Guiping , Palmisano Ilaria , Yang Yi , Chadwick Jessica , Müller Franziska , Bull Anthony M. J. , Lo Celso Cristina , Primiano Guido , Servidei Serenella , Perrier Jean François , Bellardita Carmelo , Di Giovanni Simone 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The stretch reflex is a fundamental component of the motor system that orchestrates the coordinated muscle contractions underlying movement. At the heart of this process lie the muscle spindles (MS), specialized receptors finely attuned to fluctuations in tension within intrafusal muscle fibres. The tension variation in the MS triggers a series of neuronal events including an initial depolarization of sensory type Ia afferents that subsequently causes the activation of motoneurons within the spinal cord1,2. This neuronal cascade culminates in the execution of muscle contraction, underscoring a presumed closed-loop mechanism between the musculoskeletal and nervous systems. By contrast, here we report the discovery of a new population of macrophages with exclusive molecular and functional signatures within the MS that express the machinery for synthesizing and releasing glutamate. Using mouse intersectional genetics with optogenetics and electrophysiology, we show that activation of MS macrophages (MSMP) drives proprioceptive sensory neuron firing on a millisecond timescale. MSMP activate spinal circuits, motor neurons and muscles by means of a glutamate-dependent mechanism that excites the MS. Furthermore, MSMP respond to neural and muscle activation by increasing the expression of glutaminase, enabling them to convert the uptaken glutamine released by myocytes during muscle contraction into glutamate. Selective silencing or depletion of MSMP in hindlimb muscles disrupted the modulation of the stretch reflex for force generation and sensory feedback correction, impairing locomotor strategies in mice. Our results have identified a new cellular component, the MSMP, that directly regulates neural activity and muscle contraction. The glutamate-mediated signalling of MSMP and their dynamic response to sensory cues introduce a new dimension to our understanding of sensation and motor action, potentially offering innovative therapeutic approaches in conditions that affect sensorimotor function.
Tracking transcription–translation coupling in real time
Authors: Qureshi Nusrat Shahin , Duss Olivier 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA central question in biology is how macromolecular machines function cooperatively. In bacteria, transcription and translation occur in the same cellular compartment, and can be physically and functionally coupled1–4. Although high-resolution structures of the ribosome–RNA polymerase (RNAP) complex have provided initial mechanistic insights into the coupling process5–10, we lack knowledge of how these structural snapshots are placed along a dynamic reaction trajectory. Here we reconstitute a complete and active transcription–translation system and develop multi-colour single-molecule fluorescence microscopy experiments to directly and simultaneously track transcription elongation, translation elongation and the physical and functional coupling between the ribosome and the RNAP in real time. Our data show that physical coupling between ribosome and RNAP can occur over hundreds of nucleotides of intervening mRNA by mRNA looping, a process facilitated by NusG. We detect active transcription elongation during mRNA looping and show that NusA-paused RNAPs can be activated by the ribosome by long-range physical coupling. Conversely, the ribosome slows down while colliding with the RNAP. We hereby provide an alternative explanation for how the ribosome can efficiently rescue RNAP from frequent pausing without requiring collisions by a closely trailing ribosome. Overall, our dynamic data mechanistically highlight an example of how two central macromolecular machineries, the ribosome and RNAP, can physically and functionally cooperate to optimize gene expression.
Factors affecting vection and motion sickness in a passive virtual reality driving simulation
Authors: Hughes Benjamin P. , Naeem Hassan N. , Davidenko Nicolas 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe current study sought to examine factors that affect vection (the illusory experience of self-motion in the absence of real motion), visually-induced motion sickness, and one’s sense of presence in a passive virtual reality driving simulation by exposing participants to 60-s pre-recorded driving laps and recording their self-reported metrics as well as their head motion patterns during the laps. Faster virtual driving speed (average 120 mph vs. 60 mph) resulted in significantly higher ratings of vection and motion sickness. Reclined posture (30° back) was examined as a possible mitigating factor for sickness, but no significant effects were found. Expanding visual cues (representing forward self-motion) resulted in higher ratings of vection, motion sickness, and presence compared to contracting cues (representing reverse self-motion) and translational cues (representing lateral self-motion). When experiencing typical upright, world-aligned, forward-facing conditions, conformity to the median head motions along the yaw axis was associated with higher ratings of vection, motion sickness, and presence at slow speeds and with vection and presence at high speeds. These findings underscore the importance of head motion patterns as a metric for behavior and contribute to the general understanding of illusory self-motion perception.
Teleoperation system for multiple robots with intuitive hand recognition interface
Authors: Zick Lucas Alexandre , Martinelli Dieisson , Schneider de Oliveira André , Cremer Kalempa Vivian 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRobotic teleoperation is essential for hazardous environments where human safety is at risk. However, efficient and intuitive human–machine interaction for multi-robot systems remains challenging. This article aims to demonstrate a robotic teleoperation system, denominated AutoNav, centered around autonomous navigation and gesture commands interpreted through computer vision. The central focus is on recognizing the palm of the hand as a control interface to facilitate human–machine interaction in the context of multi-robots. The MediaPipe framework was integrated to implement gesture recognition from a USB camera. The system was developed using the Robot Operating System, employing a simulated environment that includes the Gazebo and RViz applications with multiple TurtleBot 3 robots. The main results show a reduction of approximately 50% in the execution time, coupled with an increase in free time during teleoperation, reaching up to 94% of the total execution time. Furthermore, there is a decrease in collisions. These results demonstrate the effectiveness and practicality of the robotic control algorithm, showcasing its promise in managing teleoperations across multi-robots. This study fills a knowledge gap by developing a hand gesture-based control interface for more efficient and safer multi-robot teleoperation. These findings enhance human–machine interaction in complex robotic operations. A video showing the system working is available at https://youtu.be/94S4nJ3IwUw.