bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COLLABORATIVE SPECTRUM SHARING
Authors: Pham Quan , Shea John M. , Wong Tan F. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractExplosion of the multitude of current and future wireless services has motivated the search for more efficient ways to allocate spectrum than fixed channel allocations enforced by regulatory agencies. In particular, dynamic spectrum‐sharing techniques allow spectrum to be assigned or selected for use based on the users and demand in a given geographic region. In this chapter, we consider collaborative spectrum sharing (CSS), in which users or networks share information about their spectrum needs and usage to facilitate efficient use of spectrum resources. We provide an ontology of CSS approaches and give an overview of previous CSS research. Then, we provide a more in‐depth discussion of the roles of CSS in two different example systems. The first is the Citizen Broadband Radio Service (CBRS), which is a system established by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the United States, and which uses a centralized, hierarchical approach to CSS. The second is the Spectrum Collaboration Challenge (SC2), which was a competition run by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) in the United States to develop intelligent radios systems for CSS. In contrast to CBRS, the SC2 enforces a distributed, unified approach to CSS. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion of the progress and challenges in implementing CSS.
Chytridiomycosis in a colony of hellbenders Cryptobranchus alleganiensis
Authors: Novotny L. , Powers C. M. , Royal S. M. , Preston A. K. , Hendrix G. K. , Sola M. F. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective
The hellbender Cryptobranchus alleganiensis is a fully aquatic, long-lived, and state endangered salamander endemic to the eastern and central United States. Chytridiomycosis is a fungal skin disease of salamanders that can be caused by either Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) or by recently described B. salamandrivorans. B. salamandrivorans is responsible for massive mortality of salamanders in Europe but, to date, has not been reported in the United States, in contrast to Bd. Common signs of Bd infection in salamanders are excessive skin shedding; cutaneous discoloration; mainly in ventral parts of the abdomen and thighs; and eventually death as a result of osmotic imbalance.

Methods
Eastern hellbenders C. a. alleganiensis in the Aquaculture Research Laboratory at Purdue University experienced 33% mortality. Three of the deceased animals were autopsied, and samples for histopathology, microbiology, and Taqman quantitative polymerase chain reaction were taken.

Result
Autopsy revealed an abundant, thick, yellow to green mucoid material on the surface of the skin, mainly on the tail and flanks. Histopathology of the skin samples revealed infection with chytrid fungus consistent with chytridiomycosis. Taqman quantitative polymerase chain reaction confirmed presence of Bd, and bacterial culture confirmed co-infection with Aeromonas hydrophila. Infected hellbenders were treated with ciprofloxacin, itraconazole, and ceftazidime.

Conclusion
The chytridiomycosis outbreak was most likely caused by sudden environmental stress due to filtration failure and secondary bacterial infection. The surviving animals have not shown any clinical signs of chytridiomycosis for more than 1 year after the treatment and were released the wild river system.
Exponential Input‐To‐State Stability of Quaternion‐Valued Memristive Neural Networks: Continuous and Discrete Cases
Authors: Li Ruoxia , Cao Jinde , Abdel‐Aty Mahmoud 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis article focuses on the input‐to‐state stability (ISS) issue of quaternion‐valued memristive networks. Employing the quaternion norm tool and the Lyapunov method, two improved conclusions are developed for the continuous networks. After that, via the semidiscretization technique, a new discrete model is designed, and its ISS performance is discussed and subsequently recur to a nonlinear scalarization approach. Less conservative results are obtained since the nonlinear scalarization approach makes the quaternion interval meaningful. Simulations are presented to verify the validity of the outcomes.
Ligand‐Mediated Quantum Yield Enhancement in 1‐D Silver Organothiolate Metal–Organic Chalcogenolates
Authors: Aleksich Mariya , Cho Yeongsu , Paley Daniel W. , Willson Maggie C. , Nyiera Hawi N. , Kotei Patience A. , Oklejas Vanessa , Mittan‐Moreau David W. , Schriber Elyse A. , Christensen Kara , Inoue Ichiro , Owada Shigeki , Tono Kensuke , Sugahara Michihiro , Inaba‐Inoue Satomi , Vakili Mohammad , Milne Christopher J. , DallAntonia Fabio , Khakhulin Dmitry , Ardana‐Lamas Fernando , Lima Frederico , Valerio Joana , Han Huijong , Gallo Tamires , Yousef Hazem , Turkot Oleksii , Macias Ivette J. Bermudez , Kluyver Thomas , Schmidt Philipp , Gelisio Luca , Round Adam R. , Jiang Yifeng , Vinci Doriana , Uemura Yohei , Kloos Marco , Mancuso Adrian P. , Warren Mark , Sauter Nicholas K. , Zhao Jing , Smidt Tess , Kulik Heather J. , Sharifzadeh Sahar , Brewster Aaron S. , Hohman J. Nathan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractX‐ray free electron laser (XFEL) microcrystallography and synchrotron single‐crystal crystallography are used to evaluate the role of organic substituent position on the optoelectronic properties of metal–organic chalcogenolates (MOChas). MOChas are crystalline 1D and 2D semiconducting hybrid materials that have varying optoelectronic properties depending on composition, topology, and structure. While MOChas have attracted much interest, small crystal sizes impede routine crystal structure determination. A series of constitutional isomers where the aryl thiol is functionalized by either methoxy or methyl ester are solved by small molecule serial femtosecond X‐ray crystallography (smSFX) and single crystal rotational crystallography. While all the methoxy examples have a low quantum yield (0‐1%), the methyl ester in the ortho position yields a high quantum yield of 22%. The proximity of the oxygen atoms to the silver inorganic core correlates to a considerable enhancement of quantum yield. Four crystal structures are solved at a resolution range of 0.8–1.0 Å revealing a collapse of the 2D topology for functional groups in the 2‐ and 3‐ positions, resulting in needle‐like crystals. Further analysis using density functional theory (DFT) and many‐body perturbation theory (MBPT) enables the exploration of complex excitonic phenomena within easily prepared material systems.
Air‐Stable and Flexible Photodiode for X‐Rays Detection Based on a Hybrid Perovskite Active Layer and Organic Interlayers
Authors: Natali Marco , Ciavatti Andrea , Verdi Matteo , Taddei Margherita , Corticelli Franco , Prosa Mario , Seri Mirko , Ruani Giampiero , Muccini Michele , Toffanin Stefano , Bolognesi Margherita , Fraboni Beatrice 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSolution‐processed organic and hybrid semiconductor materials have great potential for ionizing radiation direct detection, as they combine high sensitivity, low‐power consumption, and flexibility. There is, however, an open challenge related to the stability in ambient/operational conditions of this class of devices. In this work, an air‐stable, solution‐processed and flexible X‐ray detector is reported, based on the integration of hybrid perovskite and organic thin films used as active layer and functional interlayers, respectively. The diode architecture and the engineering of the interface between the hybrid perovskite and the organic hole transporting material (solvent‐modified poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate) is the key to achieve enhanced detector's air stability and performance. The unencapsulated flexible device, measured in air and in passive operation (0 V), shows a limit‐of‐detection of 0.37 ± 0.04 µGy s−1 and a sensitivity as high as 5.2 µC Gy−1 cm−2, which is retained within 25% after 42 days exposure to ambient conditions.
Copper‐Mediated C−H Functionalization of Amines, Imines, and Amides: Recent Developments and Synthetic Applications
Authors: Nath Priyanka , Boruah Aditi , Deb Mohit L. , Baruah Pranjal K. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCopper‐mediated C−H functionalization has emerged as a powerful strategy for the selective modification of nitrogen‐containing molecules, offering significant advancements in organic synthesis. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent developments in copper‐catalyzed C−H functionalization reactions of amines, imines, and amides, from 2013 to present, emphasizing their synthetic applications and mechanistic insights. It also discusses the impact of these methodologies on the construction of complex molecular architectures, including pharmaceuticals and natural products. This review aims to provide valuable guidance for researchers seeking to leverage copper‐mediated strategies in their synthetic endeavors by creating current knowledge and identifying future directions. We have highlighted the new bonds formed through C−H functionalizations for the convenience of readers.
Photoredox‐Catalyzed Minisci‐Type Acylation of Heterocyclic C−H Bonds with Amino Acid‐Tethered Dihydropyridines
Authors: Yang Heesang , Shin Hyungjin , Lee Yeonhee , Lim Dabeen , Kwon Na Yeon , Rakshit Amitava , Singh Pargat , Kim Hyun Jin , Moon Kyeongwon , Kim In Su 
Published: November 2024

AbstractConjugation of amino acids to bioactive molecules has emerged as a promising strategy for optimizing pharmacological profiles of lead candidates in drug discovery. This study describes a photocatalytic Minisci‐type transfer reaction of N‐acyl amino acids into various N‐heterocycles. Notably, this protocol enables direct conjugation of amino acids into heterocyclic C−H bonds, eliminating the need for prefunctionalized substrates. A diverse array of N‐heterocycles, amino acids, oligopeptides, and drugs were used to demonstrate the potential of the proposed approach. In addition, the importance of this approach is demonstrated through its application in the DNA‐encoded library chemistry. Various synthetic transformations and preliminary mechanistic investigations were also explored.
Assessing agronomic and physiological traits during reproductive developmental stages for breeding upland drought‐tolerant cotton
Authors: Witt Travis W. , Habimana Aimable , Sanchez Jacobo , Ulloa Mauricio 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIncreasing crop production in a changing climate is one of the challenges facing the agricultural research community. The goal of this study was to identify and evaluate specific determinant traits for improving water stress resiliency of cultivated upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Two genotypes (PhytoGen 72 [PHY72] and Stoneville 474 [STV474]) representing different production regions of the US were evaluated for water stress resiliency under greenhouse conditions. More than 20 vegetative and reproductive traits were evaluated through six physiological reproductive stages, from plant emergence to open bolls and under two irrigation levels. Significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) were observed between irrigation levels for most traits within each genotype. PHY72 had rapid increases in plant height under regular water and limited water conditions (RW and LW). RW approximated daily evapotranspiration rates, while LW rate provided 50% less water by mass. However, by the fourth stage, peak blooming, the two genotypes were the same height, indicating that early and rapid vegetative plant growth from emergence to first reproductive stage was not a good indicator of improved growth and boll production under diverse irrigation levels. Some traits, such as leaf temperature, chlorophyll fluorescence yield, leaf and boll number, as well as leaf and reproductive fresh weight, showed clear differences between the two genotypes in one or both irrigation rates. Cotton breeders/geneticists currently cannot predict end‐of‐season productivity based on early‐season evaluations under water stress conditions. Early season, controlled environment screening before field testing may reveal the genetic potential of breeding lines for water stress resiliency.
A Self‐Adjuvanting Large Pore 2D Covalent Organic Framework as a Vaccine Platform
Authors: Wijesundara Yalini H. , Arora Niyati , Ehrman Ryanne N. , Howlett Thomas Sinclair , Weyman Trevor M. , Trashi Ikeda , Trashi Orikeda , Kumari Sneha , Diwakara Shashini D. , Tang Wendy , Senarathna Milinda C. , Drewniak Katarzyna H. , Wang Ziqi , Smaldone Ronald A. , Gassensmith Jeremiah J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractVaccines are one of the greatest human achievements in public health, as they help prevent the spread of diseases, reduce illness and death rates, saving thousands of lives with few side effects. Traditional vaccine development is centered around using live attenuated or inactivated pathogens, which is expensive and has resulted in vaccine‐associated illnesses. Advancements have led to the development of safer subunit vaccines, which contain recombinant proteins isolated from pathogens. Their short half‐life and small size make most subunit vaccines less immunogenic. Here, we introduce a large pore 2D covalent organic framework (COF), PyCOFamide, as a promising solution for an effective subunit platform. Our study demonstrates that simple adsorption of a model antigen, ovalbumin (OVA), onto PyCOFamide (OVA@COF) significantly enhances humoral and cell‐mediated immune response compared to free OVA. OVA@COF exhibited heightened immune cell activation and acts as an antigen reservoir, facilitating antigen‐presenting cell trafficking to the draining lymph nodes, amplifying the humoral immune response. Additionally, the breakdown of the COF releases monomers that adjuvant the activation of immune cells vital to creating strong immunity. This platform offers a potential avenue for safer, more effective subunit vaccines.
Modular Access to C2’‐Aryl/Alkenyl Nucleosides with Electrochemical Stereoselective Cross‐Coupling
Authors: Wang Jia‐Bao , Shen Yu , Yan Qing‐Long , Kong Wei‐Jun , Nian Yong , Shang Ming 
Published: December 2024

AbstractChemically modified oligonucleotides have garnered significant attention in medicinal chemistry, chemical biology, and synthetic biology due to their enhanced stability in vivo compared to naturally occurring oligonucleotides. However, current methods for synthesizing modified nucleosides, particularly at the C2’‐position, are limited in terms of efficiency, modularity, and selectivity. Herein, we report a new approach for the synthesis of highly functionalized C2’‐α‐aryl/alkenyl nucleosides via an electrochemical nickel‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of 2’‐bromo nucleosides with a variety of (hetero)aryl and alkenyl iodides. This method affords a diverse array of C2’‐ α‐aryl/alkenyl nucleosides with excellent stereoselectivity, broad substrate scope, and good functional group compatibility. We further synthesized oligonucleotides incorporating C2’‐aryl‐modified thymidine moieties and demonstrated that their annealed double‐stranded DNAs exhibit decreased melting temperatures (Tm). Additionally, oligonucleotides with C2’‐aryl modifications at the 3’ end showed enhanced resistance to 3’‐exonuclease degradation and C2’‐aryl modifications did not impede the cellular uptake process, highlighting the potential of these modified oligonucleotides for therapeutic applications.
The Inhibitory Effect of Low Phosphorus and Low Molecular Weight Terpolymer Scale Inhibitor on Calcium Scale in Oilfields
Authors: Chen Wenxin , Si Yangying , Wu Xia , Hu Zhijie , Ren Zhipeng , Ma Jie , Zhang Yu 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe study utilized itaconic acid (IA), N‐hydroxyethyl acrylamide (HEAA), and sodium hypophosphite (SHP) as starting materials for a free radical polymerization process. This process resulted in creating a new type of low‐phosphorus terpolymer scale inhibitor called P(IA‐HEAA‐SHP). Its primary application was as an effective scale inhibitor to block CaCO3 and CaSO4. FTIR, 1H‐NMR, and 13C‐NMR were used to characterize the synthesized copolymer structures, and it was confirmed that the synthesized products had the desired structures. The synthesis conditions have been optimized using the static scale inhibition approach, which involved adjusting the monomer ratio, initiator dosage, and reaction time. This resulted in the synthesis of polymeric scale inhibitors with outstanding scale inhibition properties. Additionally, GPC was employed to examine the correlation of the molecular weight of the polymers with their scale inhibition properties at various reaction times. The results showed that when the monomer ratio n(IA):n(HEAA) = 1.5:1, the SHP dosage mass fraction was 15%, the ammonium persulfate initiator dosage was 10%, the reaction temperature was 90°C, and the reaction time was 4 h. At a measured dose of 30 mg L−1, the scale inhibition impact on CaCO3 is 86.63%, while the scale inhibition impact on CaSO4 is 96.83%. The thermal properties of the copolymers, the crystal structure, and the micro‐morphology of the scale samples were analyzed by TGA, XRD, and SEM, and the scale inhibition mechanism was discussed in conjunction with the zeta potential analysis.
Mass‐Loss, Composition and Observational Signatures of Stellar Winds From X‐Ray Bursts
Authors: Herrera Yago , Muñoz Vela Daniel , Sala Gloria , José Jordi , Cavecchi Yuri 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTX‐Ray bursts (XRBs) are powerful thermonuclear events on the surface of accreting neutron stars (NSs), which can synthesize intermediate‐mass elements. Although the high surface gravity prevents an explosive ejection, a small fraction of the envelope may be ejected by radiation‐driven winds. In our previous works, we have developed a non‐relativistic radiative wind model and coupled it to an XRB hydrodynamic simulation. We now apply this technique to another model featuring consecutive bursts. We determine the mass‐loss and chemical composition of the wind ejecta. Results show that, for a representative XRB, about of the envelope mass is ejected per burst, at an average rate of . Between and of the ejecta composition is 60Ni, 64Zn, 68Ge, 4He and 58Ni. We also report on the evolution of observational quantities during the wind phase and simulate NICER observations that resemble those of 4 U 1820–40.
Development of a SiPM‐Based Water‐Cherenkov Detector for Astrophysics
Authors: Fauth Anderson Campos , Machado Ana Amelia , do Lago Pimentel Vinicius , Segreto Ettore , dos Santos Roberto Ferreira 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe Cherenkov effect is widely employed in experiments involving cosmic rays and neutrinos that utilize large sensitive volumes. The water is widely employed as the sensitive medium, with the primary particle to be detected being the muon. In this work, we present the development of a new water‐Cherenkov detector that utilizes a photon trapping system and silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) to record the detector signals, which has been named C‐Arapuca. The utilization of SiPMs presents advantages over the traditional photomultiplier tube, PMT, such as a much lower operating voltages and the construction of more compact devices with greater geometric freedom. To study the performance of the C‐Arapuca, a tank containing 550 L of ultra‐pure water was utilized. The confinement of Cherenkov photons is achieved through a dichroic filter in the optical window and a light guide that shifts the photons wavelength and guide them to the eight SiPMs positioned along its sides. The results of the efficiency of muon detection from local cosmic radiation are presented, indicating the feasibility of employing the C‐Arapuca in future astroparticle experiments.
Anatomical study of trigeminal‐facial nerve communications: Application to facial transplant surgery
Authors: Iwai Haruki , Mine Kazuharu , Shimotakahara Rie , Shimada Kazuyuki , Tamatsu Yuichi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the distribution of nerves in the superficial layer of the face and the communication (nerve anastomosis) between them is essential for preventing paralysis during tumor removal and for planning during nerve grafting. However, communication between the peripheral branches of the trigeminal and facial nerves has not been fully elucidated owing to the delicacy of their structures and the ambiguity of definitions in previous reports. In this study, we used whole‐mount nerve staining to differentiate between the two types of interaction between the trigeminal and facial nerves. “Nerve communication” is defined as an exchange of fibers between the two nerves, while “nerve crossing” indicates that only the epineuria are in close contact, with no exchange of fibers. The skin and soft tissues of six human faces were excised, and the nerves were stained using Sihler's method. The peripheral branches of the ophthalmic nerve showed no communication with the facial nerve. In half of the cases (3/6), the infraorbital nerve, representing the peripheral branch of the maxillary nerve, communicated with the facial nerve. Peripheral branches of the mandibular nerve communicated with the facial nerve via the auriculotemporal (6/6), buccal (6/6), and mental (3/6) nerves. Our findings demonstrate moderate communication between the peripheral branches of the trigeminal and facial nerves in the maxillary nerve region but more concentrated communication in the mandibular nerve region.
Anemia Risk Prediction Model for Osteosarcoma Patients Post‐Chemotherapy Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Su Zhiping , Nong Zhiwei , Huang Feihong , Zhou Chengxing , Yu Chaojie 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study aimed to develop a machine learning model for predicting anemia post‐chemotherapy in osteosarcoma patients.MethodsClinical data from 631 osteosarcoma patients were collected, and after data filtering, a training set and validation set were created. Various statistical tests were conducted on the data, and single‐factor and multiple‐factor logistic regression analysis, random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) were used to construct risk prediction models. A new model was created by intersecting the above models to identify common risk factors, and a nomogram was developed to display the new model. The model's performance was validated using the validation set.ResultsTwenty‐five risk factors were identified in the anemia group compared to the non‐anemia group (p < 0.05). Single‐factor logistic regression analysis identified 22 risk factors (AUC 0.895), whereas multiple‐factor logistic regression analysis identified 8 risk factors (AUC 0.872), RF identified 7 risk factors (AUC 0.851), SVM identified 16 risk factors (AUC 0.851), and LASSO identified 19 risk factors (AUC 0.902). Five common risk factors (ALB, Ca, CREA, D‐dimer, and ESR) were identified through model intersection, yielding a new model with an AUC of 0.85. Internal validation of the new model showed an AUC of 0.802, indicating high predictive ability. A web model application was created (https://anemic‐prediction‐of‐osteosarcoma.shinyapps.io/DynNomapp/).ConclusionThe developed risk prediction model based on clinical and laboratory data can aid in individualized diagnosis and treatment of anemia in osteosarcoma patients post‐chemotherapy.