bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microglial cell activation and senescence are characteristic of the pathology FXTAS
Authors: Martínez Cerdeño Verónica , Hong Tiffany , Amina Sarwat , Lechpammer Mirna , Ariza Jeanelle , Tassone Flora , Noctor Stephen C. , Hagerman Paul , Hagerman Randi 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundFragile X‐associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is a late‐onset neurodegenerative disorder associated with premutation alleles of the FMR1 gene. Expansions of more than 200 CGG repeats give rise to fragile X syndrome, the most common inherited form of cognitive impairment. Fragile X‐associated tremor/ataxia syndrome is characterized by cerebellar tremor and ataxia, and the presence of ubiquitin‐positive inclusions in neurons and astrocytes. It has been previously suggested that fragile X‐associated tremor/ataxia syndrome is associated with an inflammatory state based on signs of oxidative stress–mediated damage and iron deposition.ObjectiveDetermine whether the pathology of fragile X‐associated tremor/ataxia syndrome involves microglial activation and an inflammatory state.MethodsUsing ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 and cluster differentiation 68 antibodies to label microglia, we examined the number and state of activation of microglial cells in the putamen of 13 fragile X‐associated tremor/ataxia syndrome and 9 control postmortem cases.ResultsNearly half of fragile X‐associated tremor/ataxia syndrome cases (6 of 13) presented with dystrophic senescent microglial cells. In the remaining fragile X‐associated tremor/ataxia syndrome cases (7 of 13), the number of microglial cells and their activation state were increased compared to controls.ConclusionsThe presence of senescent microglial cells in half of fragile X‐associated tremor/ataxia syndrome cases suggests that this indicator could be used, together with the presence of intranuclear inclusions and the presence of iron deposits, as a biomarker to aid in the postmortem diagnosis of fragile X‐associated tremor/ataxia syndrome. An increased number and activation indicate that microglial cells play a role in the inflammatory state present in the fragile X‐associated tremor/ataxia syndrome brain. Anti‐inflammatory treatment of patients with fragile X‐associated tremor/ataxia syndrome may be indicated to slow neurodegeneration. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging investigation of basal forebrain damage and cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Gargouri Fatma , Gallea Cécile , Mongin Marie , Pyatigorskaya Nadya , Valabregue Romain , Ewenczyk Claire , Sarazin Marie , Yahia‐Cherif Lydia , Vidailhet Marie , Lehéricy Stéphane 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundCognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease (PD) may result from damage in the cortex as well as in the dopaminergic, noradrenergic, and cholinergic inputs to the cortex. Cholinergic inputs to the cortex mainly originate from the basal forebrain and are clustered in several regions, called Ch1 to Ch4, that project to the hippocampus (Ch1‐2), the olfactory bulb (Ch3), and the cortex and amygdala (Ch4).ObjectiveWe investigated changes in basal forebrain and their role in cognitive deficits in PD.MethodsWe studied 52 nondemented patients with PD (Hoehn & Yahr 1‐2) and 25 age‐matched healthy controls using diffusion and resting state functional MRI.ResultsPD patients had a loss of structural integrity within the Ch1‐2 and Ch3‐4 nuclei of the basal forebrain as well as in the fornix. Tractography showed that the probability of anatomical connection was decreased in PD between Ch3‐4 and the associative prefrontal cortex, occipital cortex, and peri‐insular regions. There was a reduction in functional connectivity between Ch1‐2 and the bilateral hippocampi and parahippocampal gyri, the left middle and superior temporal gyri, and the left fusiform gyrus and between Ch3‐4 and the right inferior frontal gyrus and the right and left thalamus. In Ch1‐2, loss of structural integrity and connectivity correlated with scores at the memory tests, whereas changes in Ch3‐4 correlated with scores of global cognition and executive functions.ConclusionThis study highlights the association between deficits of different cholinergic nuclei of the basal forebrain and the extent of cognitive impairments in nondemented PD patients. © 2018 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
SUSAN: segment unannotated image structure using adversarial network
Authors: Liu Fang 
Published: December 2018

PurposeTo describe and evaluate a segmentation method using joint adversarial and segmentation convolutional neural network to achieve accurate segmentation using unannotated MR image datasets.Theory and MethodsA segmentation pipeline was built using joint adversarial and segmentation network. A convolutional neural network technique called cycle‐consistent generative adversarial network (CycleGAN) was applied as the core of the method to perform unpaired image‐to‐image translation between different MR image datasets. A joint segmentation network was incorporated into the adversarial network to obtain additional functionality for semantic segmentation. The fully automated segmentation method termed as SUSAN was tested for segmenting bone and cartilage on 2 clinical knee MR image datasets using images and annotated segmentation masks from an online publicly available knee MR image dataset. The segmentation results were compared using quantitative segmentation metrics with the results from a supervised U‐Net segmentation method and 2 registration methods. The Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was used to evaluate the value difference of quantitative metrics between different methods.ResultsThe proposed method SUSAN provided high segmentation accuracy with results comparable to the supervised U‐Net segmentation method (most quantitative metrics having P > 0.05) and significantly better than a multiatlas registration method (all quantitative metrics having P < 0.001) and a direct registration method (all quantitative metrics having P< 0.0001) for the clinical knee image datasets. SUSAN also demonstrated the applicability for segmenting knee MR images with different tissue contrasts.ConclusionSUSAN performed rapid and accurate tissue segmentation for multiple MR image datasets without the need for sequence specific segmentation annotation. The joint adversarial and segmentation network and training strategy have promising potential applications in medical image segmentation.
Snorkeling-Based Fish Stock Assessment by Anglers—A Valuable Method for Managing Recreational Fisheries
Authors: Pinter Kurt , Lautsch Erwin , Unfer Günther , Hayes Daniel S. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Periodic assessment of harvested fish populations is essential for their sustainable management. A potential alternative to costly and resource-intensive electrofishing estimates in clearwater streams is the noninvasive snorkeling method. To assess the utility of snorkeling for the angling community, we compared underwater fish counts carried out by novice snorkelers to state-of-the-art electrofishing depletion estimates. Over two consecutive years, we sampled subadult and adult Brown Trout Salmo trutta and Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss with both methods in a fourth-order mountain stream. In each year, a new team of novice snorkelers collected the data. In total, 12 riffle, pool, and run habitats were sampled, and the homogeneity of abundance and size-class distribution between the two methods was analyzed. Over both years, we could detect differences in 6 of 24 habitat × species configurations and in 10 of 72 habitat × species × size-class configurations. Species-specific behavioral traits and differences in the physical character of the habitats were responsible for a divergence in performance between the two methods. Overall, the observed effects were statistically interpreted as weak, as shown by local tests and the indicated low effect sizes. Snorkeling efficiency, however, remained affected by the effort and abilities of the team, as indicated by the year-by-year comparison. We conclude that in clearwater trout streams, snorkeling can be an appropriate substitute method for the widespread, autonomously organized angling community to gather data and build a sound foundation for fisheries-related decision making, if limitations are considered.
Balancing everyday life—Patients’ experiences before, during and four months after kidney transplantation
Authors: Nielsen Charlotte , Clemensen Jane , Bistrup Claus , Agerskov Hanne 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimTo explore patients’ experiences before, during and four months after kidney transplantation as a coherent process.DesignA qualitative explorative study with a phenomenological‐hermeneutic approach.MethodsParticipant observations and semi‐structured interviews were used complementary. In total, 18 kidney recipients were included. Data were analysed in accordance with Ricoeur's theory of interpretation, on three levels: naïve reading, structural analysis and critical interpretation and discussion.ResultsThree themes emerged: waiting time and hope during everyday life, transformation during the kidney transplantation process and towards a new everyday life with positive prospects. Going through the kidney transplantation process was challenging for the patients. Everyday life was affected through the process, and the patients had to balance the associated challenges like hope, positive prospects and health‐related issues.
Barium titanate‐based nanodielectrics of two chemically recyclable thermosets
Authors: Bello Roger H , Priebe Jacks P , Coelho Luiz AF 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this work was investigated the effect of the addition of barium titanate (BaTiO3) on electrical properties of two chemically recyclable thermosets, polyhemiaminal (PHA) and polyhexahydro‐s‐triazine (PHT), both fabricated from 4,4′‐oxydianiline (ODA), an ether derivative of aniline and paraformaldehyde. Thermal and mechanical properties as well as chemical recyclability of the two polymers and their nanocomposites/nanodielectrics were also investigated. In addition, a quantitative analysis was conducted of the nanoparticle dispersion in the PHA‐/PHT‐based BaTiO3‐containing nanocomposites using transmission electron microscopy imaging and the nearest‐neighbor distance index and this index was used to analyze the investigated properties in connection with the proper mechanisms. Regarding the electrical properties for both neat polymers, conductivity values of the order of 10−8 S m−1 at 100 Hz were observed and dielectric constant values close to 2.80 for both polymers at 1 kHz. The addition of 0.5 wt% of BaTiO3 ferroelectric nanoparticles increased by about 44% the dielectric constant (1 kHz) and conductivity (102 Hz) of the PHA‐based nanocomposite. PHA and PHT exhibited glass transition temperature (Tg) values in the range 125–180 °C. An increase of 7 °C in Tg was observed after the incorporation of 0.5 wt% of BaTiO3 into PHA. Concerning the mechanical properties, values in the range 4.00–4.45 GPa for reduced modulus and 0.30–0.43 GPa for nanohardness for PHA and PHT polymers were observed. Independently of filler content or polymer matrix, both mechanical properties were enhanced after the addition of BaTiO3. The chemical recycling of PHA/PHT and all nanocomposites in the initial ODA reagent after sulfuric acid treatment was successfully characterized using the NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic techniques. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Lattice‐matched four‐junction tandem solar cell including two dilute nitride bottom junctions
Authors: Aho Arto , Isoaho Riku , Hytönen Lauri , Aho Timo , Raappana Marianna , Polojärvi Ville , Tukiainen Antti , Reuna Jarno , Mäkelä Severi , Guina Mircea 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMonolithic four‐junction solar cells incorporating two dilute nitride (GaInNAsSb) bottom junctions are reported. The dilute nitride junctions have band gaps of 0.9 and 1.2 eV, while the top junctions have band gaps of 1.4 and 1.9 eV. By using experimental‐based parametrization, it was estimated that the four‐junction solar cell could theoretically exhibit efficiency levels of 34.7% at one sun, 43.2% at 100 suns, and 46.4% at 1000 suns for AM1.5D illumination. The most challenging subcell in terms of fabrication is the GaInNAsSb bottom junction with 0.9 eV band gap. For this subcell, a background doping level down to 5 × 1014 cm−3 and a high charge carrier lifetime up to 2 to 4 nanoseconds are reported, which reflects high values for current and voltage. An experimental AlGaAs/GaAs/GaInNAsSb/GaInNAsSb solar cell structure was fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy. At one‐sun AM1.5D illumination, the experimental cell exhibited an efficiency of 25%, an average quantum efficiency of 91%, and an open circuit voltage, which is about 87% of the estimated potential. The cell exhibited maximum efficiency of 37% at 100‐sun concentration.
Toward the Molecular Deciphering of Pomacea canaliculata Immunity: First Proteomic Analysis of Circulating Hemocytes
Authors: Boraldi Federica , Lofaro Francesco Demetrio , Accorsi Alice , Ross Eric , Malagoli Davide 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPomacea canaliculata is a freshwater snail with interesting biological features that include invasiveness, human parasite hosting, and adult regeneration. Its immune system may represent the target for strategies aimed at controlling the spread of the snail population and its hosting of the human parasite Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Moreover, immune functions likely have a role in the snail's ability to wound heal and regenerate. Despite its importance in multiple processes, very little is known about the molecular basis of P. canaliculata immunity. Aiming to contribute to filling this gap, the ultrastructure of circulating hemocytes in healthy snails is studied and the first proteomic analysis of these cells is performed, evidencing 83 unique proteins, 96% of which have identifiable homologs in other species. Fifteen proteins are retrieved as potentially involved in immune‐related signaling pathways, such as hemocyanin, C1q‐like protein, and HSP90 together with cytoskeleton and cytoskeleton‐related proteins involved in cell motility and membrane dynamics. This first proteome study on non‐stimulated hemocytes provides a valid reference for future investigations on the molecular changes under stressful circumstances, like pathogen exposure, wounding, or environmental changes.
Effect of excess electron on structure, bonding, and spectral properties of sulfur/selenium based dichalcogen systems
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Maity Dilip Kumar 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFirst principle based quantum chemical methods are employed to characterize structure, bonding, and spectral properties of sulfur and selenium based dichalcogen systems in presence of an excess electron. Inter molecular two‐center three‐electron (2c‐3e) bonding between two chalcogen (X) atoms is described in the systems of the type (R‐X)2•‐ (R = Ph, PhCH2 X = S, Se). In addition, effect of electron withdrawing (‐NO2) and electron donating (‐CH3) groups in phenyl ring on the stability of these 2c‐3e bonded systems is also studied in water medium applying a macroscopic hydration model. Molecular parameters and binding energy of the neutral, (R‐X)2 and reduced, (R‐X)2•‐ dichalcogen systems are compared. Search for minimum energy structures of these open shell doublet systems are carried out applying various density functionals with dispersion corrections and MP2 method considering 6‐311++G (d,p) set of basis functions for all atoms. Effect of water medium is introduced through a macroscopic solvation model based on density (SMD). Frontier molecular orbitals based analysis is carried out for showing the definite presence of 2c‐3e bond between two chalcogen atoms in these radical anions of sulfur and selenium based aromatic dichalcogen systems. Excited state calculations are performed on all these systems using Time Dependent Density Functional Theory (TDDFT). UV‐Vis spectra are simulated and effect of solvent water on the absorption maximum of these radical anions is discussed. This study illustrates that the combination of electronic effect and geometrical flexibility decides the strength of two‐center three‐electron bond in these systems.
Understanding the role of noncovalent interactions on the rate of some Diels‐Alder reactions in different solvents
Authors: Mehranfar Aliyeh , Izadyar Mohammad , Khavani Mohammad , Housaindokht Mohammad Reza 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this article, the role of noncovalent interactions (NCI) on four types of cycloaddition reactions in different solvents was investigated by employing quantum chemistry calculations. For this purpose, explicit and implicit solvation models were applied in the experimental conditions of temperature and pressure. NCI analysis indicates that van der Waals (vdW) interactions, as a part of NCI, change the stability and Gibbs energy of the transition states (TSs), which in turn affects the rate of the reaction. On the basis of NCI analysis, a partial covalent nature of the forming CC bonds at the TSs was confirmed. Energy analysis confirms that vdW interactions can be considered as the main part of the solute‐solvent interactions in the cycloaddition reactions. Moreover, cycloaddition reactions of the polar reactants are faster in polar solvents, while nonpolar solvents induce a contrast effect on the rate of these reactions.
Highly Sensitive and Selective Electrochemical Determination of Sunset Yellow in Food Products Based on AuNPs/PANI‐co‐PoAN‐co‐PoT/GO/Au Electrode
Authors: Alqarni Sara A. , Hussein Mahmoud A. , Ganash Aisha A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA terpolymer poly(aniline‐co‐o‐anisidine‐co‐o‐toluidine)/graphene oxide nanocomposite with a common abbreviation [PANI‐co‐PoAN‐co‐PoT/GO1‐5] was synthesized by the well‐known in situ oxidative polymerization process with ultrasonic assistance. The morphological characteristics were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Moreover, the complete performance was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and electrical conductivity measurements. All nanocomposites displayed a maximum composite degradation temperature (CDTmax) in the range of 295.6‐322.8 °C, which is higher than that shown for the pure terpolymer (295.4 °C). The conductivities of the pure PANI‐co‐PoAN‐co‐PoT and PANI‐co‐PoAN‐co‐PoT/GO1‐5 nanocomposites display conductive behavior. An electrochemical sensor comprising the [PANI‐co‐PoAN‐co‐PoT/GO] nanocomposite and Au nanoparticles was successfully coated onto a gold electrode [AuNPs/PANI‐co‐PoAN‐co‐PoT/GO/Au] through an electrochemical process and was utilized to detect sunset yellow (SY). The electrochemical behavior of the modified electrochemical sensor towards the oxidation of SY was examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). SWV resulted in a linear calibration curve for SY on AuNPs/PANI‐co‐PoAN‐co‐PoT/GO/Au over the range of (5 μM‐500 μM), and the limit of detection was estimated to be 0.0142 μM. These results suggest that the obtained AuNPs/PANI‐co‐PoAN‐co‐PoT/GO/Au was able to detect SY with excellent stability, good selectivity, low detection limit and high sensitivity.
A Self‐Releasing Magnetic Nanomaterial for Sustained Release of Doxorubicin and Its Anticancer Cell Activity
Authors: Jat Sanjeev K , Selvaraj Divakar , Muthiah Ramanathan , Bhattacharjee Rama R 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDoxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) is an important drug used in the treatment of breast cancer. Cumulative dosage of DOX can cause heart ailments and other side effects in patients. Here in, we report the host‐guest behavior of novel colloidal magnetic iron oxide‐nanopartcles (IONPs) for sustained release of DOX. The host‐guest type of system is composed of iron oxide nanoparticle as core and a self‐dissolving mixed oleate and linoleate bilayer as shell. Data showed that the IONPs were able to readily encapsulate the drug and can separate the drug from solution through a facile magnetic separation process. The IONPs‐Ole‐loaded drug system (IONP‐DOX) was stable in experimental buffer and gradually releases the drug in absence of external stimuli. Tuning the composition of the oleate bilayer was shown to result in sustained release of DOX. Release kinetics at two different temperatures was studied in PBS and SBF buffer using fluorescence spectroscopy. Anti‐cancer cell activity of IONP‐DOX was studied with human breast cancer cell line. The outcome of the study may lead to the design of smart drug delivery systems for anti‐cancer research.
1,16‐Di‐tert‐butyl‐1,16‐diphospha[5.5]ferrocenophane: Synthesis, Reactions and Mössbauer Spectroscopy
Authors: Werner Irina , Heinisch Sandra Lauren , Nowik Israel , Herber Rolfe H. , Butenschön Holger 
Published: December 2018

Abstract1,16‐Di‐tert‐butyl‐1,16‐diphospha[5.5]ferrocenophane was prepared in 76% yield by deprotonation of 1,1’‐di(2‐tert‐butylphosphanylethyl)ferrocene followed by treatment with 1,1’‐di(2‐bromoethyl)ferrocene. The ferrocenophane exists as a mixture of syn and anti diastereomers, which were separated by repeated precipitation of one of them. Reaction with borane afforded the respective borane adducts in 47% yield. Methylation with iodomethane gave the respective diphosphonium salt in quantitative yield. Oxidation with 1.0 or 5.0 equivalents of silver hexafloroantimonate gave a green and a blue material, respectively, presumably the mono and the diferrcenium salts. 1,16‐Di‐tert‐butyl‐1,16‐diphospha[5.5]ferrocenophane and its oxidation products were subjected to a temperature‐dependent Mössbauer effect (ME) study to elucidate their dynamical and paramagnetic relaxation characteristics. The ME data are consistent with the absence of spin averaging for the two distinct Fe sites in the monooxidation product over the temperature range 91<T<236 K. The metal atom vibrational amplitudes as a function of temperature have been determined for 1,16‐di‐tert‐butyl‐1,16‐diphospha[5.5]ferrocenophane as well as for the diamagnetic site in the monooxidation product.
Cu–Catalyzed Tandem Oxidation of N‐Substituted Indolines to Isatins
Authors: Gao Shanshan , Zheng Junliang , Ge Guoping , Luo Junfei 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe direct transformation of N‐substituted indoline to isatin derivatives has been developed, this reaction employed cheap Cu catalyst and aqueous tert‐butyl hydroperoxide as an oxidant. Primary mechanism studies suggested that the indolines was initially oxidized to indoles which further undergo Cu‐catalyzed oxidation to isatins.