bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biparietal diameter measurements using the outer‐to‐outer versus outer‐to‐inner measurement: A question of pedantry?
Authors: Wong Lufee , Paul Eldho , Murday Hamsaveni KM , Fang Jing , Lavender Ilona , Coombs Peter R , Teoh Mark 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo compare two methods of measuring fetal biparietal diameter (BPD) – outer‐to‐inner (BPDoi) vs. outer‐to‐outer (BPDoo) calliper placement – and to compare the differences in EFW calculated using the Hadlock 4 formula and other common EFW formulae.MethodsA total of 543 fetuses underwent a single ultrasound prospectively performed by 40 sonographers between 14 and 40 weeks of gestation, taking into account the intra‐ and inter‐observer variability. The measurements for each fetus consisted of BPDoi and BPDoo, and EFW is calculated from HC, AC and FL measurements. The difference between BPDoo and BPDoi was estimated, and this difference was compared with gestational age using linear regression. Translational equations that allow interconversion of the two parameters were derived. EFW calculated from four different formulae using various combinations of biometric measurements was compared.ResultsThe difference between BPDoi and BPDoo increases with gestational age, although this difference was small. For BPDoo, the regression equation is BPDoo = 0.555934 + 1.027318 × BPDoi. Similarly, for BPDoi, the regression equation is BPDoi = −0.403458 + 0.9714153 × BPDoo. There is a minimal difference in the EFW calculated from the four formulae, except for gestations prior to 27–28 weeks. EFW derived from INTERGROWTH‐21st formulae plot is higher than that from Hadlock 3 or Hadlock 4 before 27–28 weeks.ConclusionsAlthough the absolute difference between BPDoo and BPDoi increased across gestational age, this difference was small. The method of BPD measurement should follow that as prescribed in the EFW equation used in the local context. Estimation of fetal weight using Hadlock 3, Hadlock 4 and INTERGROWTH‐21st is similar, with slight differences at gestations less than 27–28 weeks.
How does dementia with Lewy bodies start? prodromal cognitive changes in REM sleep behavior disorder
Authors: Génier Marchand Daphné , Postuma Ronald B. , Escudier Frédérique , De Roy Jessie , Pelletier Amélie , Montplaisir Jacques , Gagnon Jean‐François 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveWe describe the progression of cognitive decline and identify the predictive values of cognitive tests in three groups of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) patients classified at their last follow‐up as having Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), or still‐idiopathic.MethodsPatients (n = 109) underwent polysomnographic, neurological, and neuropsychological assessments. We used linear mixed‐model analyses to compare the progression of cognitive test performance between the three groups over a 3‐year prodromal period, and performed linear regressions for a 6‐year prodromal period. We compared the proportions of patients with clinically impaired performance (z scores < –1.5). DLB patients were pair‐matched according to age, sex, and education to healthy controls (2:1 ratio), and receiver operating characteristic curves were performed to identify the psychometric properties of cognitive tests to predict dementia.ResultsAt follow‐up, 38 patients (35%) developed a neurodegenerative disorder: 20 had PD and 18 DLB. Cognitive performance changes over time were strongly associated with later development of dementia. Clear deficits in attention and executive functions were observed 6 years before diagnosis. Verbal episodic learning and memory deficits started later, deviating from normal approximately 5 to 6 years and becoming clinically impaired at 1 to 2 years before diagnosis. Visuospatial abilities progressed variably, with inconsistent prodromal latencies. The Trail Making Test (part B), Verbal Fluency (semantic), and Rey Auditory‐Verbal Learning Test (total, immediate, and delayed recalls) were the best predictors for dementia (area under the curve = 0.90–0.97).InterpretationProdromal DLB is detectible up to 6 years before onset. For clinical utility, the Trail Making Test (part B) best detects early prodromal dementia stages, whereas Verbal Fluency (semantic) and verbal episodic learning tests are best for monitoring changes over time. Ann Neurol 2018;83:1016–1026
Tunneling Mode of Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy: Probing Electrochemical Processes at Single Nanoparticles
Authors: Sun Tong , Wang Dengchao , Mirkin Michael V. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractElectrochemical experiments at individual nanoparticles (NPs) can provide new insights into their structure–activity relationships. By using small nanoelectrodes as tips in a scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM), we recently imaged individual surface‐bound 10–50 nm metal NPs. Herein, we introduce a new mode of SECM operation based on tunneling between the tip and a nanoparticle immobilized on the insulating surface. The obtained current vs. distance curves show the transition from the conventional feedback response to electron tunneling between the tip and the NP at separation distances of less than about 3 nm. In addition to high‐resolution imaging of the NP topography, the tunneling mode enables measurement of the heterogeneous kinetics at a single NP without making an ohmic contact with it. The developed method should be useful for studying the effects of nanoparticle size and geometry on electrocatalytic activity in real‐world applications.
Block–Stereoblock Copolymers of Poly(ϵ‐Caprolactone) and Poly(Lactic Acid)
Authors: Rosen Tomer , Goldberg Israel , Navarra Wanda , Venditto Vincenzo , Kol Moshe 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA magnesium complex of the type {ONNN}Mg‐HMDS wherein {ONNN} is a sequential tetradentate monoanionic ligand is introduced. In the presence of an alcohol initiator this complex catalyzes the living and immortal homopolymerization of the lactide enantiomers and ϵ‐caprolactone at room‐temperature with exceptionally high activities, as well as the precise block copolymerization of these monomers in a one‐pot synthesis by sequential monomer addition. Copolymers of unprecedented microstructures such as the PCL‐b‐PLLA‐b‐PDLA and PDLA‐b‐PLLA‐b‐PCL‐b‐PLLA‐b‐PDLA block–stereoblock microstructures that feature unique thermal properties are readily accessed.
Aid Policy and Australian Public Opinion
Authors: Wood Terence 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSince 2013, Australian aid has been reduced and increasingly focused on delivering benefits to Australia. Motivated by these changes, this paper fills three gaps in the existing literature on public opinion about aid. It provides the only recent detailed study of Australians' opinions about aid. It studies specific policy questions in addition to the broader questions typical of international research. And it studies views on the purpose of aid, an area not previously researched. Although Australians are generally supportive of aid, most backed major aid cuts in 2015. However, most Australians think the purpose of Australian aid should be helping people in poor countries, not bringing benefits to Australia. There is a clear left–right divide in responses to all questions; however, some variables correlated with support for aid fail to explain variation in views about aid's purpose. The paper concludes by discussing ramifications for those who seek to change aid policy.
Framing Sino‐American military relations: The power and problem of perception in preventing geostrategic security cooperation between China and the United States
Authors: Rudolph Rachael M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSino‐American relations are composed of a complex field of factors that have influenced both cooperation and confrontation between the Chinese and Americans. The factors that present the most obstacles are undoubtedly rooted in the Sino‐American military relationship where there has been a great deal of potentially dangerous misunderstandings. Part one of this study provides an overview of the literature on Sino‐American relations, Sino‐American military relations, and perception within the context of those relations. Part two builds on the sparse literature that focuses on perception by further exploring how western media perceives military relations through the analysis of media articles published in the Washington Post and the New York Times between 2001 and 2017. How military relations are framed in the media is important for understanding the perceptual boundaries within which policymakers can act along the cooperative‐confrontational continuum. The study concludes that the confrontational discursive approach dominating the framing of military relations is problematic for determining the most effective means of maintaining regional stability, order, and peace in the Asia Pacific region as well as facilitating geostrategic security cooperation between the two countries.
The 40th Anniversary of the Congenital Anomaly Research Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine
Authors: Yamada Shigehito , Nagai Momoko , Hagiwara Masatoshi 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTThe Congenital Anomaly Research Center at Kyoto University's Graduate School of Medicine was established in 1975; in 2015 the center celebrated its 40th anniversary. The celebration of this anniversary included three special projects: (1) forming an achievement list, (2) preparing for a specimen exhibition, and (3) holding an anniversary symposium. This special issue of The Anatomical Record is devoting to detailing these anniversary projects. Anat Rec, 301:947–950, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Magnetic Resonance Microscopy of Chemically Fixed Human Embryos Performed in University of Tsukuba Since 1999 to 2015
Authors: Kose Katsumi 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTMagnetic resonance (MR) microscopy of chemically fixed human embryos performed in University of Tsukuba since 1999 to 2015 was reviewed. More than 1,000 chemically fixed human embryos stored in the Congenital Anomaly Research Center of Kyoto University were used throughout the MR microscopy project, which was divided into three terms. In the first term (1999–2005), 3D MR images of 1,204 embryo specimens were acquired with 128 × 128 × 256 voxels by a super‐parallel MR microscope using a 2.35 T horizontal‐bore superconducting magnet. In the second term (2005–2006), 3D MR images of seven embryo specimens were acquired with 256 × 256 × 512 voxels by an MR microscope using a 9.4 T vertical wide‐bore superconducting magnet. In the third term (2013–2015), 3D MR images of a Carnegie Stage (CS) 21 specimen were acquired with 512 × 512 × 1024 voxels by an MR microscope using a 4.7 T vertical wide‐bore superconducting magnet and nuclear magnetic resonance parameters of a CS23 specimen were measured with 128 × 128 × 256–256 × 256 × 512 voxels by an MR microscope using a 9.4 T vertical narrow‐bore superconducting magnet. Based on the results obtained in this project, the author has proposed the future MR microscopy project in which a number of embryo specimens will be imaged with 256 × 256 × 512–512 × 512 × 1024 voxels using a newly designed super‐parallel MR microscope. Anat Rec, 301:987–997, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
What Could Hominoid Fetuses Tell Us about Human Evolution?
Authors: Morimoto Naoki 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTThe increasing availability of developmental data on humans and great apes has become essential for furthering our understanding of human evolution. Although postnatal ontogeny is relatively well documented, our knowledge about variation of developmental patterns during the prenatal period among primate species remains lacking. There are various limitations to studying fetuses, but investigating the fetal period, directly or indirectly, has the potential to answer questions that are otherwise difficult to tackle with postnatal examination. Anat Rec, 301:970–972, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical and Demographic Evaluation of a Holoprosencephaly Cohort From the Kyoto Collection of Human Embryos
Authors: Abe Yu , Kruszka Paul , Martinez Ariel F. , Roessler Erich , Shiota Kohei , Yamada Shigehito , Muenke Maximilian 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTHoloprosencephaly (HPE) is a genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous disorder involving developmental defects. HPE is a rare condition (1/10,000–20,000 newborns) but can be found as frequently as 1/250 among conceptions, suggesting that most HPE embryos are incompatible with postnatal life and result in spontaneous abortions during the first trimester of gestation. Beginning in 1961, the Kyoto University in Japan collected over 44,000 human conceptuses in collaboration with several hundred domestic obstetricians. Over 200 cases of HPE have been identified in the Kyoto collection, which represents the largest single cohort of HPE early stage embryo specimens. In this study, we present a comprehensive clinical and demographic evaluation of this HPE cohort prior to genomic analysis. The total percentage of the threatened abortion among HPE embryos in the Kyoto collection was 67%. Almost 20% of the women with embryos affected by HPE had experienced spontaneous miscarriage. In addition, there was a significant tendency that the mothers with HPE cases had fewer live births than the control. Moreover, in 70% of cases, the mother reported bleeding during pregnancy, a higher percentage than expected, indicating that most of the conceptions with HPE embryos tend to be terminated spontaneously. There were no differences in smoking between mothers with HPE affected and unaffected pregnancies; however, alcohol use was higher in women with pregnancies affected by HPE. In this study, we precisely characterize the phenotype and environmental influences of embryos affected by HPE allowing the future leveraging of genomic technologies to further understand the genetics of forebrain development. Anat Rec, 301:973–986, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
RhIII‐Catalyzed Direct C8‐Arylation of Quinoline N‐Oxides using Diazonaphthalen‐2(1H)‐ones: A Practical Approach towards 8‐aza BINOL
Authors: Ghosh Bidhan , Biswas Aniruddha , Chakraborty Soumen , Samanta Rajarshi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAn efficient RhIII‐catalyzed redox‐neutral method for the direct C8‐arylation of quinoline N‐oxides using diazonaphthalen‐2(1H)‐one as coupling partner has been demonstrated. The developed method is simple, scalable and straightforward with a wide range of substrate scope. The applicative potential was extended with a late‐stage functionalization and straightforward synthesis of 8‐azaBINOL derivative. A plausible reaction pathway was proposed after carrying out preliminary control studies.
Multi‐Responsive Supramolecular Gels Based on Charge Transfer Interactions
Authors: Li Chen , Shen Chengshuo , Nie Jiucheng , Qiu Huibin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe report the co‐assembly of aromatic donor (D) and acceptor (A) molecules into purple sponge‐like supramolecular gels through susceptible charge transfer interactions with the aid of solvophobic interactions. The gel remained intact with the addition of up to 23 % (v/v) of nonpolar good solvents, such as toluene and xylene, but dissociated in the presence of <2 % (v/v) of polar solvents, such as tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, and alcohols, with highly distinguishable changes of color. Notably, the gel dissolved within 1 min and the solution turned blue when 0.1 % (v/v) of methanol was added. The response to trifluoroacetic acid was extremely sensitive (i.e., the gel vanished immediately in the presence of 2 equivalents of trifluoroacetic acid), and the subsequent addition of trimethylamine could recover the purple gel. The multiple and visible response thus render the D–A gels as a potential detector for sensing complex chemical environments.
Multi‐Step Control Set‐Based Nonlinear Model Predictive Control with Persistent Disturbances
Authors: Shi Donglin , Mao Zhizhong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA robust model predictive control algorithm is proposed for a constrained nonlinear system with bounded persistent disturbance in this paper. Based on polytopic descriptions that include the initial system, the proposed algorithm computes a series of multi‐step control sets offline and the convex combination of them online respectively by solving convex optimization problems described by a few linear matrix inequalities. At each sampling time, the control moves satisfying the control constraint are obtained and implemented in the system. The controller design is illustrated with two examples. The proposed MPC controller achieves closed‐loop input‐to‐state (practical) stability (ISS/ISpS) and strong robustness in respect of bounded persistent disturbances.
Disturbance Decoupling Control for Flexible Air‐Breathing Hypersonic Vehicles with Mismatched Condition
Authors: Hao Feng , Zhang Dong , Cao Lin , Tang Shuo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe disturbance decoupling control method is investigated for flight control of a flexible air‐breathing hypersonic vehicle (FAHV). First, the longitudinal dynamics of the FAHV are simplified into nonlinear forms with mismatched system disturbances. Then a new nonlinear disturbance observer base on hyperbolic sine function is applied to estimate the mismatched disturbances. The disturbance decoupling control law for flight control of FAHV is deduced theoretically and its proof is provided. Finally, the stability of the closed‐loop control system under the action of disturbance decoupling control law is proved by Lyapunov stability theory. Simulation results exhibit the performance and effectiveness of the proposed disturbance decoupling control law.
Pro region engineering of nerve growth factor by deep mutational scanning enables a yeast platform for conformational epitope mapping of anti‐NGF monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Medina‐Cucurella Angélica V. , Zhu Yaqi , Bowen Scott J. , Bergeron Lisa M. , Whitehead Timothy A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNerve growth factor (NGF) plays a central role in multiple chronic pain conditions. As such, anti‐NGF monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that function by antagonizing NGF downstream signaling are leading drug candidates for non‐opioid pain relief. To evaluate anti‐canine NGF (cNGF) mAbs we sought a yeast surface display platform of cNGF. Both mature cNGF and pro‐cNGF displayed on the yeast surface but bound conformationally sensitive mAbs at most 2.5‐fold in mean fluorescence intensity above background, suggesting that cNGF was mostly misfolded. To improve the amount of folded, displayed cNGF, we used comprehensive mutagenesis, FACS, and deep sequencing to identify point mutants in the pro‐region of canine NGF that properly enhance the folded protein displayed on the yeast surface. Out of 1,737 tested single point mutants in the pro region, 49 increased the amount of NGF recognized by conformationally sensitive mAbs. These gain‐of‐function mutations cluster around residues A‐61–P‐26. Gain‐of‐function mutants were additive, and a construct containing three mutations increased amount of folded cNGF to 23‐fold above background. Using this new cNGF construct, fine conformational epitopes for tanezumab and three anti‐cNGF mAbs were evaluated. The epitope revealed by the yeast experiments largely overlapped with the tanezumab epitope previously determined by X‐ray crystallography. The other mAbs showed site‐specific differences with tanezumab. As the number of binding epitopes of functionally neutralizing anti‐NGF mAbs on NGF are limited, subtle differences in the individual interacting residues on NGF that bind each mAb contribute to the understanding of each antibody and variations in its neutralizing activity. These results demonstrate the potential of deep sequencing‐guided protein engineering to improve the production of folded surface‐displayed protein, and the resulting cNGF construct provides a platform to map conformational epitopes for other anti‐neurotrophin mAbs.
Enhanced isobutanol production from acetate by combinatorial overexpression of acetyl‐CoA synthetase and anaplerotic enzymes in engineered Escherichia coli
Authors: Song Hun‐Suk , Seo Hyung‐Min , Jeon Jong‐Min , Moon Yu‐Mi , Hong Ju Won , Hong Yoon Gi , Bhatia Shashi Kant , Ahn Jungoh , Lee Hongweon , Kim Wooseong , Park Yong‐Cheol , Choi Kwon‐Young , Kim Yun‐Gon , Yang Yung‐Hun 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAcetic acid is an abundant material that can be used as a carbon source by microorganisms. Despite its abundance, its toxicity and low energy content make it hard to utilize as a sole carbon source for biochemical production. To increase acetate utilization and isobutanol production with engineered Escherichia coli, the feasibility of utilizing acetate and metabolic engineering was investigated. The expression of acs, pckA, and maeB increased isobutanol production by up to 26%, and the addition of TCA cycle intermediates indicated that the intermediates can enhance isobutanol production. For isobutanol production from acetate, acetate uptake rates and the NADPH pool were not limiting factors compared to glucose as a carbon source. This work represents the first approach to produce isobutanol from acetate with pyruvate flux optimization to extend the applicability of acetate. This technique suggests a strategy for biochemical production utilizing acetate as the sole carbon source.
Prognostic impact of perihepatic lymph node metastases in patients with resectable colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Okuno M , Goumard C , Mizuno T , Kopetz S , Omichi K , Tzeng C-W D , Chun Y S , Lee J E , Vauthey J-N , Conrad C 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background
Although perihepatic lymph node metastases (PLNMs) are known to be a poor prognosticator for patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLMs), optimal management remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the risk factors for PLNMs, and the survival impact of their number and location in patients with resectable CRLMs.

Methods
Data on patients with CRLM who underwent hepatectomy during 2003–2014 were analysed retrospectively. Recurrence-free (RFS) and overall (OS) survival were calculated according to presence, number and location of PLNMs. Risk factors for PLNM were evaluated by logistic regression analysis.

Results
Of 1485 patients, 174 underwent lymphadenectomy, and 54 (31·0 per cent) had PLNM. Ten patients (5·7 per cent) who had lymphadenectomy and 176 (13·4 per cent) who did not underwent repeat hepatectomy. Survival of patients with PLNM was significantly poorer than that of patients without (RFS: 5·3 versus 13·8 months, P &lt; 0·001; OS: 20·5 versus 71·3 months; P &lt; 0·001). Median OS was significantly better in patients with para-aortic versus hepatoduodenal ligament PLNMs (58·2 versus 15·5 months; P = 0·011). Patients with three or more PLNMs had significantly worse median OS than those with one or two (16·3 versus 25·4 months; P = 0·039). The presence of primary tumour lymph node metastases (odds ratio 2·35; P = 0·037) and intrahepatic recurrence requiring repeat hepatectomy (odds ratio 5·61; P = 0·012) were significant risk factors for PLNM on multivariable analysis.

Conclusion
Patients undergoing repeat hepatectomy and those with primary tumour lymph node metastases are at significant risk of PLNM. Although PLNM is a poor prognostic factor independent of perihepatic lymph node station, patients with one or two PLNMs have a more favourable outcome than those with more PLNMs.