bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Embolic Hypodermic Needle Causing Traumatic Cardiac Tamponade: A Case Report
Authors: Yen Albert F. , Homer Christina M. , Mohapatra Alexander , Langnas Erica , Gomez Antonio , Hendrickson Carolyn M. 
Published: August 2019

Objectives:
We present a unique case of a broken fragment of a hypodermic needle breaking and embolizing to the heart. This needle subsequently penetrated the right ventricle and the patient developed hemopericardium which resulted in cardiac tamponade physiology.

Data Sources:
None.

Study Selection:
None.

Data Extraction:
None.

Data Synthesis:
Recognizing the potential for unusual and serious complications of IV illicit drug use is an important part of providing effective and timely medical care in this vulnerable population.

Conclusions:
An embolic needle phenomenon can have significant sequela, including direct cardiac trauma leading to tamponade and subsequent cardiac collapse. Partnering with the patient to take a detailed history was critical in uncovering the underlying etiology of this patient’s cardiogenic shock.
Pilot Study to Assess Safety and Usability of the Kyron NPWT System
Authors: Karki Bishal , Rai Shankar Man , Nakarmi Kiran , Laminchhane Apar , Maharjan Niran , Giri Piyush , Pathak Kamal , Spielman Amanda , Kung Tiffany H. , Ludwig Cassie A. 
Published: August 2019

Background:
There is an evident need for Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT) systems specifically designed for use in resource-constrained settings to aid in the treatment of open wounds.

Methods:
Prospective single-arm interventional pilot study of 14 patients with complex wounds was conducted at Kirtipur Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal. A novel NPWT device, the Kyron Suction Unit, was used by 4 plastic surgeons. Primary outcomes were ease of use (10-point Likert scale) and device safety (adverse events recorded). Pain (Visual Analogue Scale score), quality of life (modified EuroQol Derived Single Index scores), and wound dimensions were recorded.

Results:
User ratings on the 10-point Likert scale indicated high confidence and ease of use: median confidence setting up the device of 1.0 [interquartile range (IQR), 1.0; mean 2.3], median confidence maintaining the device of 1.0 (IQR, 1.0; mean, 1.5), and median ease of disassembly of 1.0 (IQR, 1.0; mean, 1.4). Significant improvement in Visual Analogue Scale scores (P = 0.03), modified EuroQol Derived Single Index scores (P < 0.001), and a reduction in wound volume [median, 47.25–9.75 cm3 (P = 0.01)]. Image analysis of wounds pretreatment and posttreatment demonstrated increase in granulation tissue surface area [median, 7.6–28.7 cm2 (P = 0.003)] and decrease in open wound surface area [median, 48.33–33.6 cm2 (P = 0.01)].

Conclusions:
The Kyron Suction Unit was safe and easily managed by plastic surgeons. The device design promoted access to NPWT, a therapy proven to reduce healing time and decrease complications for patients with open wounds, in a resource-constrained setting.
Acellular Dermal Matrix Sterility: Does It Affect Microbial and Clinical Outcomes Following Implantation?
Authors: Klein Gabriel M. , Singh Gurtej , Marquez Jocellie , Gebre Matthew , Barry Robert , Huston Tara L. , Ganz Jason C. , Khan Sami U. , Dagum Alexander B. , Bui Duc T. 
Published: August 2019

Introduction:
The use of acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) in breast reconstruction is a controversial topic. Recent literature has investigated the effects of ADM sterilization on infectious complications, although with varying conclusions. Previous work by our group showed no difference between aseptic and sterilized products immediately out of the package. In this study, we investigate the microbiologic profiles of these agents after implantation.

Methods:
In this prospective study, we cultured samples of ADM previously implanted during the first stage of tissue expander-based immediate breast reconstruction. A 1 cm2 sample was excised during the stage II expander–implant exchange procedure, and samples were incubated for 48 hours in tryptic soy broth. Samples with growth were further cultured on tryptic soy broth and blood agar plates. Patient records were also analyzed, to determine if ADM sterilization and microbial growth were correlated with infectious complications.

Results:
In total, 51 samples of ADM were collected from 32 patients. Six samples were from aseptic ADM (AlloDerm), 27 samples were from ADM sterilized to 10–3 (AlloDerm Ready-to-Use), and 18 samples were from products sterilized to 10–6 (AlloMax). No samples demonstrated bacterial growth. Only 5 patients experienced postoperative complications, of whom only 1 patient was infectious in nature. We failed to demonstrate a statistically significant correlation between sterility and postoperative complications.

Conclusions:
Our findings showed no difference in microbial presence and clinical outcomes when comparing ADM sterility. Furthermore, no samples demonstrated growth in culture. Our study brings into question the necessity for terminal sterilization in these products.
Human Corneal Endothelial Cell Assessment From Tissues Preserved in Serum-Based and Synthetic Storage Media
Authors: Parekh Mohit , Ruzza Alessandro , Ponzin Diego , Ahmad Sajjad , Ferrari Stefano 
Published: August 2019

Purpose:
To assess the difference between endothelial cells from tissues preserved in media supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS) and recombinant human serum albumin (rHSA).

Methods:
In a donor-matched study, 48 tissues were preserved for 28 days at 31°C in Cornea Max and Cornea Syn supplemented with FBS and rHSA, respectively. Endothelial cells were visualized by 2 masked observers before and after preservation. Endothelial cell density (ECD) and the number of iatrogenic folds were counted manually. Alizarin red staining and tight junction protein (Zonula Occludens-1) were used to assess cell morphology (hexagonality and polymorphism). Intraobserver and interobserver cell counts were recorded and analyzed. Wilcoxon and one-way analysis of variance tests were used, where P < 0.05 was deemed statistically significantly different.

Results:
Significant amount of iatrogenic folds were observed in the tissues supplemented with FBS compared with rHSA postpreservation (P = 0.0007). Approximately 69% and 71% hexagonal cells (P = 0.0303) and 29% and 26% polymorphic cells (P = 0.0234) were observed in the FBS and rHSA groups, respectively. Postpreservation, operator 1 counted 1766 cells/mm2 in FBS and 1864 cells/mm2 in rHSA. Operator 2 counted 1702 cells/mm2 in FBS and 1858 cells/mm2 in rHSA. ECD counts from FBS (interoperator) were statistically significant (P = 0.0429). However, significance was not observed in the ECD counts (interoperator) from the rHSA-preserved tissues (P = 0.8738).

Conclusions:
rHSA-supplemented media allow better visualization of the corneal endothelial cells. This reduces the rate of discard observed due to counting errors. Use of rHSA improves the current standard of care and reduces the use of animal-derived products.
Adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Maeda Shimpei , Unno Michiaki , Yu Jun 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Pancreatic cancer still remains a major cause of cancer-related mortality; however, there is a slight but continuous improvement in survival over the past 2 decades. Progress in chemotherapy has contributed to the survival improvement in patients with any stage of pancreatic cancer. In this review, we summarize the currently available evidence regarding adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy with a focus mainly on randomized controlled trial. The median overall survival in resected pancreatic cancer patients has significantly improved to 22.8 to 54.4 months with the use of adjuvant therapy from 11 to 20.2 months with a strategy of observation only. Recent data from randomized trials support the use of neoadjuvant therapy for patients with resectable or borderline resectable pancreatic cancer. But given a variety of neoadjuvant regimens and different definitions of resectability status, data should be interpreted with caution. Several other trials are ongoing and will provide further evidence.
Evaluation of Renal Function Disorder With Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase–associated Lipocalin Level in Patients With β-Thalassemia Major
Authors: Karaman Kamuran , Şahin Serdar , Geylan Hadi , Yaşar Akkiz Şahin , Çetin Mecnun , Kömüroğlu Ahmet U. , Öner Ahmet F. 
Published: August 2019

Background and Aim:
Neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin (NGAL) is found in the granules of human neutrophils, with many diverse functions. Expression of NGAL is induced under various pathophysiological conditions, for example, infection, inflammation, kidney injury, cardiovascular disease, burn injury, and intoxication, and it has an important antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory role.

Patients and Methods:
A total of 37 patients with thalassemia disease β-thalassemia major (24 male and 13 female individuals) and 37 healthy controls (17 male and 20 female) were enrolled in this study. All patients were regularly transfused, and all of them were using oral chelator, deferasirox.

Results:
NGAL and cystatin C levels were significantly higher in the case group than in the control group.

Conclusion:
In patients with β-thalassemia major, renal damage can occur owing to regular blood transfusion. Urinary NGAL levels in these patients may be considered as a marker for early renal injury.
Improving Respiratory Support Practices to Reduce Chronic Lung Disease in Premature Infants
Authors: Levesque Bernadette M. , Burnham Laura , Cardoza Natasha , Adams Marsha , Cohen Robyn , Mirochnick Mark , Fujii Alan , Sinha Bharati 
Published: August 2019

Introduction:
We implemented a bundle of respiratory care practices and optimized delivery of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) to reduce the incidence of chronic lung disease (CLD) among very low birth weight (VLBW) infants born before 33 weeks gestation.

Methods:
Our multidisciplinary task force utilized 6 plan-do-study-act cycles to test our interventions. The primary outcome was the quarterly percentage of infants diagnosed with CLD; other outcomes included the percentage of infants initially managed with CPAP, intubation <72 hours of age, use of a nasal cannula, and days of ventilation, oxygen, and/or CPAP. Process measures included compliance with each of the 5 components of the bundle; balancing measures included mortality and complications of prematurity.

Results:
Demographics were similar in the 55 infants born before and 76 infants born after the task force interventions, except for gestational age, which was lower before. CLD decreased by 55.5% (from 37.5% to 16.7%). Quarterly percentage of infants requiring intubation decreased from 87.5% to 40.8%. Quarterly average days of ventilation decreased from 11.2 to 6.1, and days of supplemental oxygen declined from 44.1 to 25.4, while the use of CPAP increased. There were no differences in adverse events including mortality, pneumothorax, use of postnatal steroids, or any retinopathy of prematurity. The incidence of patent ductus arteriosus declined from 60% to 33% (P < 0.01).

Conclusions:
We reduced the incidence of CLD among our very low birth weight infants born before 33 weeks gestation by over 50% without increasing any measured adverse outcomes. The incidence of patent ductus arteriosus declined.
Immediate Reconstruction of Amputated Ear With Fascia Flap
Authors: Kim Beom-Jun , You Jae-Pil , Jung Jae-A , You Hi-Jin , Kim Deok-Woo 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Various surgical methods have been used for reconstruction of an amputated ear, including microsurgical replantation and delayed reconstruction using synthetic material or autologous rib cartilage. The authors share our experience of immediate reconstruction using amputated cartilage and discuss the advantages compared to other techniques of reconstruction.

Materials and Methods:
The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 3 patients who underwent immediate reconstruction of amputated ear by a single operator. In the cases, the amputees were washed; the skin and cartilage were separated. The ear cartilage was fixed to its original position with non-absorbable suture. Regional fascia flap was elevated and covered the ear cartilage. The amputee skin was redraped to cover the fascia flap. Several months after the operation, photographic assessment was done.

Results:
All 3 cases showed well-defined convolution, tolerable skin color, and patient satisfaction without any major complications. A patient showed mild temporal incision site alopecia.

Conclusion:
The above immediate reconstruction method can achieve reliable and favorable result with minimal complications.
Morphological and molecular evidence for range extension and first occurrence of the Japanese seahorse,Hippocampus mohnikei(Bleeker 1853) in a bay-estuarine system of Goa, central west coast of India
Authors: Sanaye Sushant , Khandeparker Rakhee , Sreepada Rayadurga Anantha , Shivaramu Mamatha Singanahalli , Kankonkar Harshada , Narvekar Jayu , Gauthankar Mukund 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAccurate information of taxonomy and geographic range of seahorse species (genusHippocampus) is the first step in preparing threat assessments and designing effective conservation measures. Here, we report the range expansion and first occurrence of the Japanese seahorse,Hippocampus mohnikei(Bleeker, 1853) from the Mandovi estuarine ecosystem of Goa, central west coast of India (CWCI) based on morpho-molecular analyses. The morphometric and meristic traits particularly, short snout (29–35% head length), double cheek spine, low coronet and long tail (51.2–57.9% of standard length), 11 trunk rings, 37–39 tail rings, 15–16 dorsal and 12–14 fin rays observed in four collected specimens matched with the reported key diagnostic morphological criteria of vouchered specimens ofH. mohnikei. The seahorse mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and cytochromeb(Cytb) genes were partially sequenced for conclusive genetic identification of the species under study. Molecular analysis showed that all four individuals of seahorse species clustered together suggesting a monophyletic lineage. Using the maximum similarity with GenBank database, maximum likelihood network and subsequent morphological analysis, the identity of the collected seahorse species was reconfirmed asH. mohnikei. With this new report, the geographic range ofH. mohnikeiextended significantly to the westward side from its previously known range. This new sighting ofH. mohnikeicould indicate a long-distance dispersal facilitated by due to prevailing oceanic circulation in the Indo-Pacific region or increased habitat suitability in bay-estuarine systems of Goa, CWCI. Comparison of the pair-wise genetic distances (Kimura 2-parameter) based on COI and Cytbsequences revealed that the specimens examined in this study are genetically closer toH. mohnikeipopulations from Vietnam and Thailand than they are to those in Japan and China. To test the hypothesis whetherH. mohnikeiare vagrants or previously unreported established population, long-term inter-annual sampling and analyses are warranted.
A comparison of automated and manual co-registration for magnetoencephalography
Authors: Houck Jon M. , Claus Eric D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMagnetoencephalography (MEG) is a neuroimaging technique that accurately captures the rapid (sub-millisecond) activity of neuronal populations. Interpretation of functional data from MEG relies upon registration to the participant’s anatomical MRI. The key remaining step is to transform the participant’s MRI into the MEG head coordinate space. Although both automated and manual approaches to co-registration are available, the relative accuracy of two approaches has not been systematically evaluated. The goal of the present study was to compare the accuracy of manual and automated co-registration. Resting MEG and T1-weighted MRI data were collected from 90 participants. Automated and manual co-registration were performed on the same subjects, and the inter-method reliability of the two methods assessed using the intra-class correlation. Median co-registration error for both methods was within acceptable limits. Inter-method reliability was in the “good” range for co-registration error, and the “good” to “excellent” range for translation and rotation. These results suggest that the output of the automated co-registration procedure is comparable to that achieved using manual co-registration.
Simultaneous optimization of donor and acceptor substrate specificity for transketolase by a small but smart library
Authors: Yu Haoran , López Roberto Icken Hernández , Steadman David , Méndez-Sánchez Daniel , Higson Sally , Cázares-Körner Armando , Ward John M. , Hailes Helen C. , Dalby Paul A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA narrow substrate range is a major limitation in exploiting enzymes more widely as catalysts in synthetic organic chemistry. For enzymes using two substrates, the simultaneous optimization of both substrate specificities, is also required for the rapid expansion of accepted substrates. Transketolase catalyses the reversible transfer of a C2-ketol unit from a donor substrate to an aldehyde acceptor and suffers the limitation of narrow substrate scope for widely industrial applications. Herein, transketolase from E. coli was engineered to simultaneously accept both pyruvate as a novel donor substrate, and unnatural acceptor aldehydes, including propanal, pentanal, hexanal and 3-formylbenzoic acid. Twenty single-mutant variants were firstly designed and characterized experimentally. Beneficial mutations were then recombined to construct a small but smart library. Screening of this library identified the best variant with a 9.2-fold improvement in the yield towards pyruvate and propionaldehyde, relative to WT. Pentanal and hexanal were used as acceptors to determine stereoselectivities of the reactions, which were found to be higher than 98% ee for the S configuration. Three variants were identified to be active for the reaction between pyruvate and 3-formylbenzoic acid. The best variant was able to convert 47% of substrate into product within 24 h, whereas no conversion was observed for WT. Docking experiments suggested a cooperation between the mutations responsible for donor and acceptor acceptances, that would promote the activity towards both the acceptor and donor. The variants obtained have the potential to be used for developing catalytic pathways to a diverse range of high-value products.
A VP2/3-derived peptide exhibits potent antiviral activity against BK and JC polyomaviruses by targeting a novel VP1 binding site
Authors: Kane Joshua R. , Fong Susan , Shaul Jacob , Frommlet Alexandra , Frank Andreas O. , Knapp Mark , Bussiere Dirksen E. , Kim Peter , Ornelas Elizabeth , Cuellar Carlos , Abend Johanna R. , Wartchow Charles A. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTIn pursuit of effective therapeutics for human polyomaviruses, we identified a peptide derived from the BK polyomavirus (BKV) minor structural proteins VP2/3 that is a potent inhibitor of BKV infection with no observable cellular toxicity. The thirteen amino acid peptide binds to major structural protein VP1 in a new location within the pore with a low nanomolarKD. Alanine scanning of the peptide identified three key residues, substitution of each of which results in ∼1000-fold loss of affinity with a concomitant reduction in antiviral activity. NMR spectroscopy and an X-ray structurally-guided model demonstrate specific binding of the peptide to the pore of the VP1 pentamer that constitutes the BKV capsid. Cell-based assays with the peptide demonstrate nanomolar inhibition of BKV infection and suggest that the peptide likely blocks the viral entry pathway between endocytosis and escape from the host cell ER. The peptide motif is highly conserved among the polyomavirus clade, and homologous peptides exhibit similar binding properties for JC polyomavirus and inhibit infection with similar potency to BKV in a model cell line. Substitutions within VP1 or VP2/3 residues involved in VP1-peptide interaction negatively impact viral infectivity, potentially indicating the peptide-binding site within the VP1 pore is relevant for VP1-VP2/3 interactions. The inhibitory potential of the peptide-binding site first reported here may present a novel target for development of new anti-polyomavirus therapies. In summary, we present the first anti-polyomavirus inhibitor that acts via a novel mechanism of action by specifically targeting the pore of VP1.
Large-scale changes to mRNA polyadenylation in temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Parras Alberto , de Diego-Garcia Laura , Alves Mariana , Beamer Edward , Conte Giorgia , Morgan James , Ollà Ivana , Hernandez-Santana Yasmina , Delanty Norman , Farrell Michael A. , O’Brien Donncha F. , Henshall David C. , Méndez Raúl , Lucas José J. , Engel Tobias 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe molecular mechanisms that shape the gene expression landscape during the development and maintenance of chronic states of brain hyperexcitability are incompletely understood. Here we show that cytoplasmic mRNA polyadenylation, a posttranscriptional mechanism for regulating gene expression, undergoes widespread reorganisation in temporal lobe epilepsy. Specifically, over 25% of the hippocampal transcriptome displayed changes in their poly(A) tail in mouse models of epilepsy, particular evident in the chronic phase. The expression of cytoplasmic polyadenylation binding proteins (CPEB1-4) was found to be altered in the hippocampus in mouse models of epilepsy and temporal lobe epilepsy patients and CPEB4 target transcripts were over-represented among those showing poly(A) tail changes. Supporting an adaptive function, CPEB4-deficiency leads to an increase in seizure severity and neurodegeneration in mouse models of epilepsy. Together, these findings reveal an additional layer of gene expression control during epilepsy and point to novel targets for seizure control and disease-modification in epilepsy.
A widespread role for SLC transmembrane transporters in resistance to cytotoxic drugs
Authors: Girardi Enrico , César-Razquin Adrián , Papakostas Konstantinos , Lindinger Sabrina , Konecka Justyna , Hemmerich Jennifer , Kickinger Stefanie , Kartnig Felix , Ingles-Prieto Alvaro , Fiume Giuseppe , Ringler Anna , Lardeau Charles-Hugues , Kandasamy Richard Kumaran , Kubicek Stefan , Ecker Gerhard F. , Superti-Furga Giulio 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe activity and potency of a drug is inherently affected by the metabolic state of its target cell. Solute Carriers (SLCs) represent the largest family of transmembrane transporters in humans and constitute major determinants of cellular metabolism. Several SLCs have been shown to be required for the uptake of individual chemical compounds into cellular systems, but systematic surveys of transporter-drug relationships in human cells are currently lacking. We performed a series of genetic screens in the haploid human cell line HAP1 using a set of 60 cytotoxic compounds representative of the chemical space populated by approved drugs. By using a SLC-focused CRISPR/Cas9 lentiviral library, we identified transporters whose absence induced resistance to the drugs tested. Among the hundreds of drug-SLC relationships identified, we confirmed the role of the folate transporter SLC19A1 on the activity of antifolates and of SLC29A1 on several nucleoside analogs. Among the newly discovered dependencies, we identified the transporters SLC11A2/SLC16A1 for artemisinin derivatives and SLC35A2/SLC38A5 for cisplatin. The functional dependence on SLCs observed for a significant proportion of the compounds screened suggested a widespread role for SLCs in the uptake and cellular activity of cytotoxic drugs and provided an experimentally validated set of SLC-drug associations for a number of clinically relevant compounds.