bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Draft Genome Sequence of Brazilian Leptospira interrogans Serovar Pomona Strain GR5, Isolated from Apparently Healthy Gilt
Authors: Moreno Luisa Zanolli , Miraglia Fabiana , de Oliveira Carolina Helena , Vasconcellos Silvio Arruda , Heinemann Marcos Bryan , Moreno Andrea Micke 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT

Leptospira interrogans
serovar Pomona is one of the most important serovars associated with worldwide porcine leptospirosis, and its infection is characterized by high antibody titers and the establishment of a renal carrier state. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of
Leptospira interrogans
serovar Pomona strain GR5 isolated from apparently healthy gilt in Brazil.
Intravitreal chemotherapy in retinoblastoma: expanded use beyond intravitreal seeds
Authors: Abramson David H , Ji Xunda , Francis Jasmine H , Catalanotti Federica , Brodie Scott E , Habib Larissa 
Published: June 2018

Background/aimsOphthalmic artery chemosurgery (OAC) has changed the face of retinoblastoma treatment and led to a higher rate of globe salvage. The introduction of intravitreal chemotherapy (IVitC) has further enhanced globe salvage with increased success in treatment of intravitreal seeds. Our group has seen success at treating non-vitreous disease that is refractory to OAC using IVitC. This study was undertaken to quantify and report on this success.MethodsA retrospective review was used to identify patients treated with IVitC for indications other than vitreous seeds from two centres. The indication, prior and concurrent treatment, response time and duration of treatment were documented. Kaplan-Meier estimates were used to evaluate ocular and recurrence-free survival. Ocular toxicity was evaluated using the 30 Hz flicker electroretinogram (ERG). Continuous and categorical variables were compared with Student’s t-test and χ2 test, respectively.ResultsFifty-six eyes from 52 retinoblastoma patients were identified. There were no disease-related or treatment-related deaths. One patient developed a second primary malignancy (pinealoblastoma) and subsequent leptomeningeal spread. Ninety-eight per cent of the eyes showed clinical regression. Recurrence was seen in 14.3%. Of the recurrences, five occurred in retinal tumours and three in subretinal seeds. The Kaplan-Meier estimated risk of recurrence in all patients treated was 83.5% (95% CI 7.9 to 14.1) at 10 months. The mean change in ERG over treatment course was −17.7 μV.ConclusionsIntravitreal chemotherapy is successful for the treatment of subretinal seeds and recurrent retinal tumours and could be considered as adjunctive therapy in globe-sparing treatment of retinoblastoma.
Iris anomalies and the incidence ofACTA2mutation
Authors: Taubenslag Kenneth J , Scanga Hannah L , Huey Jennifer , Lee Jennifer , Medsinge Anagha , Sylvester Christin L , Cheng Kenneth P , Nischal Ken K 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundCentral cysts of the iris pigment epithelium, or iris flocculi, are frequently reported in the literature in association with thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection due to smooth muscle alpha-actin 2 (ACTA2) mutations. Children withACTA2mutations may also present with congenital mydriasis. We report our experience regarding the frequency ofACTA2mutation in children with the above iris anomalies.MethodsThis is a retrospective, consecutive case series of all children presenting for iris flocculi or congenital mydriasis at a single tertiary centre from October 2012 to December 2016.Results13 children with iris flocculi and 3 with congenital mydriasis presented during the study period. 10 children with iris flocculi completed genetic testing, and none were positive forACTA2mutation. All children with congenital mydriasis presented with a multisystem smooth muscle dysfunction syndrome; two of these three children tested positive for missense R179ACTA2mutations.ConclusionsIn this series,ACTA2mutation or copy number variation was not detected in children presenting for iris flocculi, whereas congenital mydriasis was associated with R179 mutation in both cases that tested positive forACTA2mutation. The case of congenital mydriasis without typical cardiac features of the R179ACTA2phenotype or intracranial vasculopathy was negative forACTA2mutation. While all children presenting with these iris anomalies should be offered a genetic evaluation, incidence data should inform genetic counselling, particularly in the absence of a family history of aneurysm or sudden death, or systemic signs of smooth muscle dysfunction.
Defining adherence to therapeutic exercise for musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review
Authors: Bailey Daniel L , Holden Melanie A , Foster Nadine E , Quicke Jonathan G , Haywood Kirstie L , Bishop Annette 
Published: June 2018

Objective
To establish the meaning of the term ‘adherence’ (including conceptual and measurement definitions) in the context of therapeutic exercise (TE) for musculoskeletal (MSK) pain.

Design
Systematic review using a search strategy including terms for: adherence, TE and MSK pain. Identified studies were independently screened for inclusion by two researchers. Two independent researchers extracted data on: study type; MSK pain population; type of TE used; definitions, parameters, measurement methods and values of adherence.

Data sources
Seven electronic databases were searched from inception to December 2016.

Eligibility criteria
Any study type featuring TE for adults with MSK pain and containing a definition of adherence, or a description of how adherence was measured.

Results
459 studies were identified and 86 were included in the review. Most were prospective cohort studies and featured back and/or neck pain. Strengthening and stretching were the most common types of TE. A clearly identifiable definition of adherence was provided in 40% of the studies, with 12% using the same definition. Exercise frequency was the most commonly measured parameter of adherence, with self-report logs the most common measurement method. The most common value range used to determine satisfactory adherence was 80%–99% of the recommended exercise dose.

Conclusion
No single definition of adherence to TE was apparent. We found no definition of adherence that specifically related to TE for MSK pain or described the dimensions of TE that should be measured. We recommend conceptualising adherence to TE for MSK pain from the perspective of all relevant stakeholders.
Long-term outcomes of treatment for unruptured intracranial aneurysms in South Korea: clipping versus coiling
Authors: Kim Young Deok , Bang Jae Seung , Lee Si Un , Jeong Won Joo , Kwon O-Ki , Ban Seung Pil , Kim Tac Keun , Kim Seung Bin , Oh Chang Wan 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundThe long-term outcomes of endovascular coiling and surgical clipping for the treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms are unclear.MethodsWe performed a nationwide retrospective cohort study using claims data from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service on patients undergoing surgical clipping or endovascular coiling from 2008 to 2014. Inverse probability treatment weighting for average treatment effect on the treated and the multiple imputation method were used to balance covariates and handle missing values. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality at 7 years.ResultsWe identified 26 411 patients of whom 11 777 underwent surgical clipping and 14 634 underwent endovascular coiling. After adjustment with the use of inverse probability treatment weighting for average treatment effect on the treated, all-cause mortality rates at 7 years were 3.8% in the endovascular coiling group and 3.6% in the surgical clipping group (HR 1.05; 95% CI 0.86 to 1.28; P=0.60, log-rank test). The adjusted probabilities of aneurysm rupture at 7 years were 0.9% after endovascular coiling and 0.7% after surgical clipping (HR 0.9; 95% CI 0.61 to 1.34; P=0.63, log-rank test). The probabilities of retreatment at 7 years after adjustment were 4.9% in the endovascular coiling group and 3.2% in the surgical clipping group (HR 1.52; 95% CI 1.28 to 1.81; P<0.001, log-rank test).ConclusionsAll-cause mortality at 7 years was similar between the elective surgical clipping and endovascular coiling groups in patients with unruptured aneurysms who had no history of subarachnoid hemorrhage due to aneurysm rupture.
A tale of two cities: exploring the retail impact of flavoured tobacco restrictions in the twin cities of Minneapolis and Saint Paul, Minnesota
Authors: Brock Betsy , Carlson Samantha C , Leizinger Alicia , D’Silva Joanne , Matter Christine M , Schillo Barbara A 
Published: June 2018

Background
Flavoured tobacco is increasingly popular with youth. The twin cities of Minneapolis and Saint Paul, Minnesota restricted the sale of flavoured tobacco to adult-only tobacco shops in an effort to reduce youth access and exposure to these products. This observational study explores the impact of these policies on the retail environment.

Methods
Between November 2015 and April 2017, observational assessments were conducted at convenience and grocery stores preimplementation and postimplementation of flavoured tobacco restrictions in Minneapolis (n=41), Saint Paul (n=37) and the comparison city of Brooklyn Park, Minnesota (n=14).

Results
After policy implementation, significantly fewer of the convenience and grocery stores sold flavoured tobacco in Minneapolis (85.4% vs 39.0%, p<0.001, n=41) and Saint Paul (97.3% vs 8.1%, p<0.001, n=37). The average proportion of tobacco inventory that was unflavoured increased significantly in Minneapolis (42.9%±2.7% vs 56.7%±3.1%, p=0.002) and Saint Paul (40.8%±2.5% vs 70.3%±1.9%, p<0.001). Flavoured tobacco was available at significantly fewer convenience and grocery stores in Minneapolis (39.0%, p<0.001) and Saint Paul (8.1%, p<0.001) than in the comparison city of Brooklyn Park (100%, n=14). Most retailers complied with these policies by removing flavoured tobacco from their shelves.

Conclusions
Policies that restrict the sale of flavoured tobacco to adult-only tobacco shops are associated with decreased availability of flavoured tobacco in convenience and grocery stores and increased proportion of tobacco inventory that is unflavoured.
Invisible smoke: third-party endorsement and the resurrection of heat-not-burn tobacco products
Authors: Elias Jesse , Ling Pamela M 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundTobacco companies are introducing new ‘heat-not-burn’ cigarettes in dozens of countries. Historically, these products failed commercially, and independent researchers contested their health claims. The most prominent early heat-not-burn cigarette was RJ Reynolds’s (RJR’s) Premier, introduced in the USA in 1988. Curiously,The Lancetendorsed Premier as a ‘near-perfect low tar cigarette’ in a 1991 editorial, 2 years after Premier had been removed from the market. We examined the context of this endorsement.MethodsTo ascertain what RJR knew about this endorsement, we systematically searched and analysed previously secret RJR documents in public archives and triangulated the industry document data with other published work.ResultsRJR had a long-standing interest in collaborating with outside scientists to endorse potentially reduced harm cigarettes. The author ofThe Lanceteditorial had previously corresponded with RJR regarding Premier’s health effects and market potential. Internally, RJR regardedThe Lancet’s editorial, its stance on novel tobacco products, and its endorsement of Premier as major successes. While the editorial came too late to save Premier, RJR saw future business opportunities for novel products if endorsed by health authorities.ConclusionsEndorsement by high-impact medical journals and health authorities may be critical in helping heat-not-burn’ products succeed where previous attempts have failed. Conflicts of interest influenced these endorsements in the past. Health leaders and academic journals should consider both conflicts of interest and the ethics of endorsing tobacco product substitution, as tobacco companies simultaneously work to promote cigarette smoking and undermine tobacco control globally.
Error, rather than its probability, elicits specific electrocortical signatures: a combined EEG-immersive virtual reality study of action observation
Authors: Pezzetta Rachele , Nicolardi Valentina , Tidoni Emmanuele , Aglioti Salvatore Maria 
Published: June 2018

Detecting errors in one’s own actions, and in the actions of others, is a crucial ability for adaptable and flexible behavior. Studies show that specific EEG signatures underpin the monitoring of observed erroneous actions (error-related negativity, error positivity, mid-frontal theta oscillations). However, the majority of studies on action observation used sequences of trials where erroneous actions were less frequent than correct actions. Therefore, it was not possible to disentangle whether the activation of the performance monitoring system was due to an error, as a violation of the intended goal, or to a surprise/novelty effect, associated with a rare and unexpected event. Combining EEG and immersive virtual reality (IVR-CAVE system), we recorded the neural signal of 25 young adults who observed, in first-person perspective, simple reach-to-grasp actions performed by an avatar aiming for a glass. Importantly, the proportion of erroneous actions was higher than correct actions. Results showed that the observation of erroneous actions elicits the typical electrocortical signatures of error monitoring, and therefore the violation of the action goal is still perceived as a salient event. The observation of correct actions elicited stronger alpha suppression. This confirmed the role of the alpha-frequency band in the general orienting response to novel and infrequent stimuli. Our data provide novel evidence that an observed goal error (the action slip) triggers the activity of the performance-monitoring system even when erroneous actions, which are, typically, relevant events, occur more often than correct actions and thus are not salient because of their rarity. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Activation of the performance-monitoring system (PMS) is typically investigated when errors in a sequence are comparatively rare. However, whether the PMS is activated by errors per se or by their infrequency is not known. Combining EEG-virtual reality techniques, we found that observing frequent (70%) action errors performed by avatars elicits electrocortical error signatures suggesting that deviation from the prediction of how learned actions should correctly deploy, rather than its frequency, is coded in the PMS.
Responses of thalamic neurons to itch- and pain-producing stimuli in rats
Authors: Lipshetz Brett , Khasabov Sergey G. , Truong Hai , Netoff Theoden I. , Simone Donald A. , Giesler Glenn J. 
Published: June 2018

Understanding of processing and transmission of information related to itch and pain in the thalamus is incomplete. In fact, no single unit studies of pruriceptive transmission in the thalamus have yet appeared. In urethane-anesthetized rats, we examined responses of 66 thalamic neurons to itch- and pain- inducing stimuli including chloroquine, serotonin, β-alanine, histamine, and capsaicin. Eighty percent of all cells were activated by intradermal injections of one or more pruritogens. Forty percent of tested neurons responded to injection of three, four, or even five agents. Almost half of the examined neurons had mechanically defined receptive fields that extended onto distant areas of the body. Pruriceptive neurons were located within what appeared to be a continuous cell column extending from the posterior triangular nucleus (PoT) caudally to the ventral posterior medial nucleus (VPM) rostrally. All neurons tested within PoT were found to be pruriceptive. In addition, neurons in this nucleus responded at higher frequencies than did those in VPM, an indication that PoT might prove to be a particularly interesting region for additional studies of itch transmission. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Processing of information related to itch within in the thalamus is not well understood, We show in this, the first single-unit electrophysiological study of responses of thalamic neurons to pruritogens, that itch-responsive neurons are concentrated in two nuclei within the rat thalamus, the posterior triangular, and the ventral posterior medial nuclei.
A new species and new records of the spider genus Taranucnus (Araneae, Linyphiidae) from the Ukrainian Carpathians
Authors: HIRNA ANNA 
Published: June 2018

Taranucnus Simon, 1884 is a small Holarctic genus of the spider family Linyphiidae that contains only five species (WSC, 2018). In Europe and in Ukraine it is represented by three taxa: T. setosus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1863), T. bihari Fage, 1931 and T. carpaticus Gnelitsa, 2016 (WSC, 2018). The type species of the genus is T. setosus, widely distributed in the Palaearctic, T. bihari is known from a few localities from the Carpathians within Poland, Slovakia, and Romania (Nentwig et al. 2017). Recently, T. carpaticus was recorded from the two mountain massifs (Gorgany and Chornohora) of the Ukrainian Carpathians (Gnelitsa 2016). In this paper a fourth European species, Taranucnus beskidicus new species, is described.
Assessment of a High-Resolution Climate Model for Surface Water and Energy Flux Simulations over Global Land: An Intercomparison with Reanalyses
Authors: Tian Di , Pan Ming , Wood Eric F. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Land surface water and energy fluxes from the ensemble mean of the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) simulations of a Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) high-resolution climate model (AM2.5) were evaluated using offline simulations of a calibrated land surface model [Princeton Global Forcing (PGF)/VIC] and intercompared with three reanalysis datasets: MERRA-Land, ERA-Interim/Land, and CFSR. Using PGF/VIC as the reference, the AM2.5 precipitation, evapotranspiration, and runoff showed a global positive bias of ~0.44, ~0.27, and ~0.15 mm day−1, respectively. For the energy budget, while the AM2.5 net radiation agreed very well with the PGF/VIC, the AM2.5 improperly partitioned the net radiation, with the latent heat showing positive bias and sensible heat showing negative bias. The AM2.5 net radiation, latent heat, and sensible heat relative to the PGF/VIC had a global negative bias of ~1.42 W m−2, positive bias of ~7.8 W m−2, and negative bias of ~8.7 W m−2, respectively. The three reanalyses show greater biases in net radiation, likely due to the deficiencies in cloud parameterizations. At a regional scale, the biases of the AM2.5 water and energy budget components are mostly comparable to the three reanalyses and PGF/VIC. While the AM2.5 well simulated the actual values of water and energy fluxes, the temporal anomaly correlations of the three reanalyses with PGF/VIC were mostly greater than the AM2.5, partly due to the ensemble mean of the AM2.5 members averaging out the intrinsic variability of the land surface fluxes. The discrepancies among land surface model simulations, reanalyses, and high-resolution climate model simulations demonstrate the challenges in estimating and evaluating land surface hydrologic fluxes at regional-to-global scales.
Correlation between System and Observation Errors in Data Assimilation
Authors: Berry Tyrus , Sauer Timothy 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Accurate knowledge of two types of noise, system and observational, is an important aspect of Bayesian filtering methodology. Traditionally, this knowledge is reflected in individual covariance matrices for the two noise contributions, while correlations between the system and observational noises are ignored. We contend that in practical problems, it is unlikely that system and observational errors are uncorrelated, in particular for geophysically motivated examples where errors are dominated by model and observation truncations. Moreover, it is shown that accounting for the cross correlations in the filtering algorithm, for example in a correlated ensemble Kalman filter, can result in significant improvements in filter accuracy for data from typical dynamical systems. In particular, we discuss the extreme case where the two types of errors are maximally correlated relative to the individual covariances.
Mesoscale Variation in Diabatic Heating around Sumatra, and Its Modulation with the Madden–Julian Oscillation
Authors: Vincent Claire L. , Lane Todd P. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Diabatic heating in the Maritime Continent region is controlled by a unique blend of mesoscale variability associated with steep topography and complex coastlines and intraseasonal variability associated with propagating planetary-scale disturbances. In this study, the diabatic heating from a 10-yr austral summer simulation over the Maritime Continent with a 4-km horizontal grid length is analyzed with respect to diurnal, spatial, and intraseasonal variations. Results are compared, where possible, to analogous estimates from the TRMM precipitation radar. We show that the heating budget is largely a balance between latent heating and vertical advection, with rays of heating and cooling extending upward and outward from the coast evident in the advection terms, consistent with the gravity wave representation of the tropical sea breeze. By classifying rainfall into convective and stratiform components, it is shown that simulated convective heating over Sumatra peaks in MJO phases 2 and 3, while simulated stratiform heating peaks in phase 4. Similarly, spectral latent heating estimates from the TRMM Precipitation Radar show that stratiform heating peaks in phases 3 and 4, while convective heating peaks in phases 2 and 3. It is also shown that stratiform precipitation plays a greater role in offshore precipitation during the night, albeit with embedded convective cores, than over the land during the day. These results emphasize the importance of achieving a realistic representation of convective and stratiform processes in high-resolution simulations in the tropics, both for total rainfall estimates and for realistic latent heating.
A participatory mobile application (app) development project with mental health service users and clinicians
Authors: McClelland Gabrielle T , Fitzgerald Martin 
Published: June 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to establish the utility of a bespoke mobile app for mental health service users and clinicians. Design: Qualitative design using four focus groups. Methods: Work was conducted in three stages. The first stage involved a focus group with mental health service users and eight clinicians from a mental health early intervention service to discuss the utility of a bespoke mobile app. Visual, verbal and written prompts were used to demonstrate a mobile app and to prompt discussion. The results of the focus groups were used to create a ‘visual walk through, non-interactive mock up’ mobile app which was used to aid discussion with the same service users and clinicians in stage 2 focus groups. Stage 3 involved development of a mobile app prototype based on focus group feedback. Results: Key ideas emerging from the focus groups were adopted in the design of the app prototype. These were as follows: the use of colour to convey mood; simple mood tracking using familiar trigger icons; a calendar integrated with the service user’s care plan; a help button linked to personal support; an avatar to personalise the app; and the inclusion of evidence-based information. Conclusion: Digital health technology is an extremely important asset with scope to improve people’s lives when combined with behaviour change techniques. Co-design with service users, clinicians and digital technologists is critical to product design and adoption. The use of quality standard criteria and evidence-based content in app development and evaluation is essential.