bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Muscle‐splitting approach to thoracoacromial vein for superdrainage in deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap breast reconstruction
Authors: Kim Eun‐Ji , Lee Ho‐June , Mun Goo‐Hyun 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundThoracoacromial vein (TAv) is seldomly considered as a secondary outflow recipient option when venous congestion of deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap is encountered. The purpose of this study was to present a computed tomography (CT)‐based anatomy and a method of approaching TAv in performing superdrainage using superficial inferior epigastric vein (SIEV) in DIEP flap breast reconstruction.MethodsFor CT‐based anatomical study, 42 thoracoacromial vessels (TAV) of 21 patients who underwent DIEP flap breast reconstruction were analyzed. From November 2016 to May 2018, pectoralis major (PM) muscle splitting approach to TAv in the first intercostal space was applied to 7 patients who required superdrainage via SIEV.ResultsTAVs at mid‐first intercostal space (ICS) were located 83.5 ± 9.8 mm lateral to the sternal border (H), 41.5 ± 12.9 mm below the clavicle (V), and 11.7 ± 3.2 mm deep to the outer surface of PM muscle (D). Mean oblique distances from TAV to internal mammary vessels in the 2nd and 3rd ICS were 75.7 ± 9.7 mm and 98.2 ± 10.9 mm, respectively. Seven DIEP flaps presenting intraoperative venous congestion were successfully salvaged intraoperatively with superdrainge procedure. TAvs were harvested without cutting the PM muscle in any patient. Their mean size at anastomosis was 1.61 ± 3.2 mm (range, 0.9–2.5 mm). All flaps survived without perfusion‐related complications including fat necrosis.ConclusionsHarvest of TAv by muscle‐splitting approach is an alternative option when additional venous anastomosis using SIEV is mandated for managing venous congestion of DIEP flap.
Protein‐Bound β‐glucan from Coriolus Versicolor has Potential for Use Against Obesity
Authors: Li Xiaojun , Chen Peng , Zhang Peng , Chang Yifan , Cui Mingxu , Duan Jinyou 
Published: January 2019

ScopeThe prevalence of obesity and related disorders has vastly increased throughout the world and prevention of such circumstances thus represents a major challenge. Here, it has been shown that one protein‐bound β‐glucan (PBG) from the edible mushroom Coriolus versicolor can be a potent anti‐obesity component.Methods and resultsPBG can reduce obesity and metabolic inflammation in mice fed with a high‐fat diet (HFD). Gut microbiota analysis reveals that PBG markedly increases the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila, although it does not rescue HFD‐induced change in the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio. It appears that PBG alters host physiology and creates an intestinal microenvironment favorable for A. muciniphila colonization. Fecal transplants from PBG‐treated animals in part reduce obesity in recipient HFD‐fed mice. Further, PBG is shown to upregulate expression of a set of genes related to host metabolism in microbiota‐depleted mice.ConclusionThe data highlight that PBG may exert its anti‐obesity effects through a mirobiota‐dependent (richness of specific microbiota) and ‐independent (modulation of host metabolism) manner. The fact that C. versicolor PBGs are approved oral immune boosters in cancers and chronic hepatitis with well‐established safety profiles may accelerate PBG as a novel use for obesity treatment.
Parallel imaging in time‐of‐flight magnetic resonance angiography using deep multistream convolutional neural networks
Authors: Jun Yohan , Eo Taejoon , Shin Hyungseob , Kim Taeseong , Lee Ho‐Joon , Hwang Dosik 
Published: January 2019

PurposeTo develop and evaluate a method of parallel imaging time‐of‐flight (TOF) MRA using deep multistream convolutional neural networks (CNNs).MethodsA deep parallel imaging network (“DPI‐net”) was developed to reconstruct 3D multichannel MRA from undersampled data. It comprises 2 deep‐learning networks: a network of multistream CNNs for extracting feature maps of multichannel images and a network of reconstruction CNNs for reconstructing images from the multistream network output feature maps. The images were evaluated using normalized root mean square error (NRMSE), peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR), and structural similarity (SSIM) values, and the visibility of blood vessels was assessed by measuring the vessel sharpness of middle and posterior cerebral arteries on axial maximum intensity projection (MIP) images. Vessel sharpness was compared using paired t tests, between DPI‐net, 2 conventional parallel imaging methods (SAKE and ESPIRiT), and a deep‐learning method (U‐net).ResultsDPI‐net showed superior performance in reconstructing vessel signals in both axial slices and MIP images for all reduction factors. This was supported by the quantitative metrics, with DPI‐net showing the lowest NRMSE, the highest PSNR and SSIM (except R = 3.8 on sagittal MIP images, and R = 5.7 on axial slices and sagittal MIP images), and significantly higher vessel sharpness values than the other methods.ConclusionDPI‐net was effective in reconstructing 3D TOF MRA from highly undersampled multichannel MR data, achieving superior performance, both quantitatively and qualitatively, over conventional parallel imaging and other deep‐learning methods.
Regulation of S1PR2 by the EBV oncogene LMP1 in aggressive ABC‐subtype diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Vockerodt Martina , Vrzalikova Katerina , Ibrahim Maha , Nagy Eszter , Margielewska Sandra , Hollows Robert , Lupino Lauren , Tooze Reuben , Care Matthew , Simmons William , Schrader Alexandra , Perry Tracey , Abdullah Maizaton , Foster Stephen , Reynolds Gary , Dowell Alexander , Rudzki Zbigniew , Krappmann Daniel , Kube Dieter , Woodman Ciaran , Wei Wenbin , Taylor Graham , Murray Paul G 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is found almost exclusively in the activated B‐cell (ABC) subtype of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), yet its contribution to this tumour remains poorly understood. We have focused on the EBV‐encoded latent membrane protein‐1 (LMP1), a constitutively activated CD40 homologue expressed in almost all EBV‐positive DLBCLs and which can disrupt germinal centre (GC) formation and drive lymphomagenesis in mice. Comparison of the transcriptional changes that follow LMP1 expression with those that follow transient CD40 signalling in human GC B cells enabled us to define pathogenic targets of LMP1 aberrantly expressed in ABC‐DLBCL. These included the down‐regulation of S1PR2, a sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) receptor that is transcriptionally down‐regulated in ABC‐DLBCL, and when genetically ablated leads to DLBCL in mice. Consistent with this, we found that LMP1‐expressing primary ABC‐DLBCLs were significantly more likely to lack S1PR2 expression than were LMP1‐negative tumours. Furthermore, we showed that the down‐regulation of S1PR2 by LMP1 drives a signalling loop leading to constitutive activation of the phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase (PI3‐K) pathway. Finally, core LMP1‐PI3‐K targets were enriched for lymphoma‐related transcription factors and genes associated with shorter overall survival in patients with ABC‐DLBCL. Our data identify a novel function for LMP1 in aggressive DLBCL. Copyright © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The validity of dementia diagnoses in routinely collected electronic health records in the United Kingdom: A systematic review
Authors: McGuinness Luke A. , Warren‐Gash Charlotte , Moorhouse Louisa R. , Thomas Sara L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of the study is to assess the validity of codes or algorithms used to identify dementia in UK electronic health record (EHR) primary care and hospitalisation databases.MethodsRelevant studies were identified by searching the MEDLINE/EMBASE databases from inception to June 2018, hand‐searching reference lists, and consulting experts. The search strategy included synonyms for “Dementia”, “Europe”, and “EHR”. Studies were included if they validated dementia diagnoses in UK primary care or hospitalisation databases, irrespective of validation method used. The Quality Assessment for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies‐2 (QUADAS‐2) tool was used to assess risk of bias.ResultsFrom 1469 unique records, 14 relevant studies were included. Thirteen validated individual diagnoses against a reference standard, reporting high estimates of validity. Most reported only the positive predictive value (PPV), with estimates ranging between 0.09 and 1.0 and 0.62 and 0.85 in primary care and hospitalisation databases, respectively. One study performed a rate comparison, indicating good generalisability of dementia diagnoses in The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database to the UK population. Studies were of low methodological quality. As studies were not comparable, no summary validity estimates were produced.ConclusionWhile heterogenous across studies, reported validity estimates were generally high. However, the credibility of these estimates is limited by the methodological quality of studies, primarily resulting from insufficient blinding of researchers interpreting the reference test. Inadequate reporting, particularly of the specific codes validated, hindered comparison of estimates across studies. Future validation studies should make use of more robust reference tests, follow established reporting guidelines, and calculate all measures of validity.
Using stable isotopes to illuminate thermokarst lake hydrology in permafrost regions on the Qinghai‐Tibet plateau, China
Authors: Yang Yuzhong , Wu Qingbai , Hou Yandong , Zhang Peng , Yun Hanbo , Jin Huijun , Xu Xiaoming , Jiang Guanli 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThermokarst lakes are widespread and developing on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau (QTP), and they have modified hydrological processes and water balance in the region. Despite increasing attention, our understanding of the hydrological behaviors of thermokarst lakes under permafrost degradation remains limited on the QTP. In this study, water stable isotope tracers were used to characterize the spatial and seasonal hydrological changes of thermokarst lakes on the central QTP. Significant seasonal variations and factors influencing the isotopic hydrology of lakes were revealed through the ice‐free season. Substantial differences in lake‐specific input water isotope compositions (δI) among the lakes indicate two lake‐recharge regimes: rain‐dominated, and snowmelt/permafrost thaw‐dominated. We suggest that precipitation and active‐layer hydrology controlled these hydrological changes in the ice‐free season. However, under ice cover, melting of the surrounding permafrost (including ground ice) dominated the hydrology of thermokarst lakes. Importantly, a conceptual model delineates the hydrological evolution of thermokarst lakes under permafrost degradation. This study serves as a baseline for future investigations of hydrological processes and water balance relating to thawing permafrost on the QTP.
A spectromicroscopy study of the corrosion of fusion‐bonded epoxy–coated rebar
Authors: Situm Arthur , Guo Xiaoxuan , Guo Bao , Barlow Burke C. , Burgess Ian J. , Grosvenor Andrew P. 
Published: January 2019

Reported herein is an analysis of accelerated corrosion of a commercially coated fusion‐bonded epoxy rebar sample using an X‐ray spectromicroscopy methodology that involves the combination of X‐ray fluorescence mapping (XRF) and micro X‐ray absorption near‐edge spectroscopy (μ‐XANES). XRF maps collected using an excitation energy of 7115 eV reveal a sharp contrast between corroded and noncorroded sample areas after correction for topography effects that can be confirmed by Fe K‐edge μ‐XANES. This X‐ray spectromicroscopy methodology allows for the study of corrosion through commercially prepared polymer‐coated rebar coatings without any modification to the polymer film prior to analysis and is suitable for long‐term testing of the corrosion of these materials under real‐world conditions.
Arsenite removal from groundwater by iron–manganese oxides filter media: Behavior and mechanism
Authors: Cheng Ya , Zhang Shasha , Huang Tinglin , Li Ye 
Published: January 2019

AbstractArsenic, a common contaminant in groundwater environments, usually coexists with other contaminants, for example, ammonium, iron, and manganese. In our previous studies, an iron–manganese (Fe–Mn) oxides filter media was developed for catalytic oxidation removal of ammonium, iron, and manganese. In this study, batch oxidation/adsorption kinetic experiments revealed that the filter media could easily oxidize arsenite (As(III)) to arsenate (As(V)). And the sorption kinetics was found to follow the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) along with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to analyze the surface change in the Fe–Mn oxides. Based on sorption and spectroscopic measurements, the mechanism of As(III) removal by the Fe–Mn oxides filter media was found to be an oxidation coupled with sorption approach. As(III) in the aqueous solution was firstly oxidized to As(V) on the surfaces of the Fe–Mn oxides filter media. Then the converted As(V) was attracted to the Fe–Mn oxides filter media surfaces and bounded with the active sites (−OH groups), through weak intermolecular H‐bondings. Our results indicated that the novel Fe–Mn oxides filter media could be applied for the simultaneous removal of ammonium, iron, manganese, and As(III) in drinking water treatment and environmental remediation.Practitioner points

A novel iron–manganese oxides filter for efficient As(III) removal was established.

The exhausted filter media could be easily regenerated by NaHCO3 solution.

Mn(III) related to surface lattice oxygen species was responsible for As(III) oxidation.

The oxidation and adsorption processes were involved in As(III) removal.

The filter media could be successfully applied to simultaneous removal of ammonium, manganese, iron, and arsenic.
Immobilization of Cr(VI) from solution by a graphene oxide‐nZVI/biochar composite
Authors: Shang Jingge , Gao Jie , Xi Junting , Wang Yingjie , Ji Fangyu , Li Ruijun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA graphene oxide (GO)—nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI)—biochar composite (GO‐nZVI/BC) was synthesized prior to characterization by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy analyses. Batch experiments were performed at different initial Cr(VI) concentrations, contact times, and solution pH values. The effects of coexisting anions and chelating agents were also examined. The results indicated that the removal of Cr(VI) was highly pH‐dependent and reached a maximum capacity at pH of 2. The equilibrium data were fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm model, and the kinetic data fitted better with the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. The increasing concentrations of EDTA in aqueous solutions were favorable to the removal of Cr(VI), while significantly inhibited adsorption. Furthermore, the GO‐nZVI/BC maintained ~84.5% of its original capacity after aging in the air for 25 weeks. Based on the removal efficiency, GO‐nZVI/BC can be considered to be an effective material for water treatment applications.Practitioner points

Biochar‐supported graphene oxide‐coated nanoscale zerovalent iron (GO‐nZVI/BC) was synthesized and used to treat Cr(VI) from solution.

Cr(VI) removal was pH‐dependent and obeyed the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo‐second‐order model.

GO‐nZVI/BC maintained ~84.5% of its original capacity after aging for 25 w in the air.
Further insight into adolescent personal identity statuses: Differences based on self‐esteem, family climate, and family communication
Authors: Albert Sznitman Gillian , Zimmermann Grégoire , Van Petegem Stijn 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionDuring adolescence, youngsters are faced with the challenging task of forming an identity. This process can be either supported or hindered by adolescents' family context. The present study used a six‐process model of personal identity including the five identity processes described by the dual‐cycle model of identity (exploration in breadth, commitment making, exploration in depth, identification with commitment, and ruminative exploration) as well as a sixth identity process of reconsideration of commitment, commonly described in the three‐factor model of identity. In the current investigation, we sought to evaluate how adolescents in identity statuses derived from this six‐process model differed based on psychological adjustment, perceived family climate, and family communication.MethodA total of 1105 Swiss adolescents (Mage = 15.08; 51% female) completed self‐report questionnaires at one time point. Using a person‐centered approach, identity statuses were empirically derived and unique profiles for each identity status were identified.ResultsWe identified six identity statuses: Achievement, Foreclosure, Ruminative Moratorium, Reconsidering Achievement, Troubled Diffusion, and Carefree Diffusion. Statuses with the highest degree of commitment showed the most optimal profiles of psychological adjustment and perceived family climate, whereas those with the lowest levels of commitment demonstrated the least optimal profiles. Adolescents in the Reconsidering Achievement status, however, reported high levels of both parental support and psychological control.ConclusionThe use of the six‐process model of identity allowed for the derivation of six identity statuses and provided further insight into how adolescents in different identity statuses confront identity‐related issues in the context of their family.
Existence of bistable waves for a nonlocal and nonmonotone reaction-diffusion equation
Authors: Trofimchuk Sergei , Volpert Vitaly 
Published: January 2019

AbstractReaction-diffusion equation with a bistable nonlocal nonlinearity is considered in the case where the reaction term is not quasi-monotone. For this equation, the existence of travelling waves is proved by the Leray-Schauder method based on the topological degree for elliptic operators in unbounded domains and a priori estimates of solutions in properly chosen weighted spaces.
Weighted norm inequalities for positive operators restricted on the cone ofλ-quasiconcave functions
Authors: Gogatishvili Amiran , Neves Júlio S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLetρbe a monotone quasinorm defined on${\rm {\frak M}}^ + $, the set of all non-negative measurable functions on [0, ∞). LetTbe a monotone quasilinear operator on${\rm {\frak M}}^ + $. We show that the following inequality restricted on the cone ofλ-quasiconcave functions$$\rho (Tf) \les C_1\left( {\int_0^\infty {f^p} v} \right)^{1/p},$$where$1\les p\les \infty $andvis a weighted function, is equivalent to slightly different inequalities considered for all non-negative measurable functions. The case 0 <p< 1 is also studied for quasinorms and operators with additional properties. These results in turn enable us to establish necessary and sufficient conditions on the weights (u,v,w) for which the three weighted Hardy-type inequality$$\left( {\int_0^\infty {{\left( {\int_0^x f u} \right)}^q} w(x){\rm d}x} \right)^{1/q} \les C_1\left( {\int_0^\infty {f^p} v} \right)^{1/p},$$holds for allλ-quasiconcave functions and all 0 <p,q⩽ ∞.
Patterns of disagreement in indicators of state repression
Authors: Cope Kevin L. , Crabtree Charles , Fariss Christopher J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractUntil recently, researchers who wanted to examine the determinants of state respect for most specific negative rights (i.e., physical integrity and empowerment rights) needed to rely on data from the CIRI or the Political Terror Scale (PTS). The new Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) dataset offers scholars a potential alternative to the individual human rights variables from CIRI. We analyze a set of key Cingranelli–Richards (CIRI) Human Rights Data Project and V-Dem negative rights indicators, finding unusual and unexpectedly large patterns of disagreement between the two sets. First, we discuss the new V-Dem dataset by comparing it to the disaggregated CIRI indicators, discussing the history of each project, and describing its empirical domain. Second, we identify a set of disaggregated human rights measures that are similar across the two datasets and discuss each project’s measurement approach. Third, we examine how these measures compare to each other empirically, showing that they diverge considerably across both time and space. These findings point to several important directions for future work, such as how conceptual approaches and measurement strategies affect rights scores. For the time being, our findings suggest that researchers should think carefully about using the measures as substitutes.
Dietary nitrate consumption and risk of CHD in women from the Nurses’ Health Study
Authors: Jackson Jacklyn K. , Zong Geng , MacDonald-Wicks Lesley K. , Patterson Amanda J. , Willett Walter C. , Rimm Eric B. , Manson JoAnn E. , McEvoy Mark A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe consumption of nitrate-rich vegetables can acutely lower blood pressure and improve mediators shown to optimise vascular health. However, we do not yet understand the impact of long-term habitual dietary nitrate intake and its association with CVD. Therefore, the aim of this investigation was to examine the relationship between habitual dietary nitrate intakes and risk of CHD in women from the Nurses’ Health Study. We prospectively followed 62 535 women who were free from diabetes, CVD and cancer at baseline in 1986. Information on diet was updated every 4 years with validated FFQ. The main outcome was CHD defined by the occurrence of non-fatal myocardial infarction or fatal CHD. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate the relative risks (RR) and 95 % CI. During 26 years of follow-up, 2257 cases of CHD were identified. When comparing the highest quintile of nitrate intake with the lowest quintile, in aged-adjusted analysis there was a protective association for CHD (RR=0·77, 95 % CI 0·68, 0·97; P=0·0002) which dissipated after further adjustment for smoking, physical activity, BMI and race (RR=0·91; 95 % CI 0·80, 1·04; P=0·27). This magnitude of association was further attenuated once we adjusted for the Alternative Healthy Eating Index excluding vegetable and fruit consumption (RR=1·04, 95 % CI 0·91, 1·20; P=0·34). Dietary nitrate intake was not related to the risk of CHD after adjustment for other lifestyle and non-vegetable dietary factors in a large group of US women.