bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Child‐centered social policies in Argentina: Expansion, segmentation, and social stratification
Authors: Arza Camila 
Published: August 2018

AbstractOver the last two decades or so, social policy has expanded in many Latin American countries. In Argentina, public social expenditures increased, and new social programs were implemented to extend access to previously excluded populations. These developments also involved three child‐centered social policies: child benefits in cash, maternal and infant health care, and early child education and care. Looking at key institutional features of new programs and policies, and using data on the distribution of children's access to benefits across socio‐economic strata, this article evaluates the progress and limits of recent social policy developments to reduce segmentation and social stratification in child‐centered social policies and promote egalitarian social investment for all children.
Interplay between urban communities and human‐crowd mobility: A study using contributed geospatial data sources
Authors: Forghani Mohammad , Karimipour Farid 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAn intense process of urbanization, witnessed particularly in the last decade, has stressed the need to comprehend human mobility behavior in urban settings. Although the emergence of contributed geospatial data (i.e., pervasive activity‐based data) has contributed to substantial progress toward understanding human activity, the relationship between human‐crowd mobility and the functional structure of a city is not yet well understood. In this context, the present research focuses on the intra‐urban origin–destination matrix modeling founded on a combination of two major crowdsourced datasets as well as the inclusion of urban communities’ structure. Specifically, the well‐known “radiation” and “PWO” models were modified through first, identifying the communities embedded in the cyberspace network then employing the identified hierarchical structure of the spatial‐interaction network for the formulation of the users’ movement network and second, imposing proper input variables including the telecommunication activity volume and check‐in frequency. The results obtained by various empirical analyses suggest that the modified community‐constrained origin–destination flow estimation models exhibit better performance levels than those of alternative conventional mobility models.
Analytical quality goals—a review
Authors: Flatland Bente , Camus Melinda S. , Baral Randolph M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAnalytical quality goals indicate how laboratory tests must perform to be clinically useful for their intended purpose. These goals have historically focused on analytical error assessment for quantitative methods and vary with measurand concentration or activity, and species. Although formalized quality goal models have been developed in human medicine, quality goals in veterinary medicine, to date, have not been formalized; use of human regulatory‐based goals, consensus‐based goals, or biologic variation‐based goals have been reported most often. This review provides an overview of how quality goals are derived, how these may be used, and highlights challenges. Pending formal recommendations, individual veterinary laboratories should select quality goals that make the most sense clinically, logistically, and financially based on their individual needs and the needs of the clients that they serve.
Horses with solar foot penetration, deep digital flexor tendon injury, and absence of concurrent synovial sepsis can have a positive outcome
Authors: Schiavo Stefano , Cillán‐García Eugenio , Elce Yvonne , Liuti Tiziana , Taylor Sarah E. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSolar foot penetration is one of the causes of deep digital flexor tendon injuries in horses, however, limited information is available on the prognosis for return to soundness in the absence of synovial sepsis. Objectives of this retrospective observational study were to describe low‐field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and long‐term outcome for a group of horses with this combination of clinical problems. Horses were included if low‐field standing MRI of the foot was performed following puncture wounds, injury of the deep digital flexor tendon was diagnosed, and sepsis was confirmed to be absent in all adjacent synovial structures (distal interphalangeal joint, navicular bursa, and digital flexor tendon sheath). Medical records were reviewed and MRI studies were re‐interpreted. Follow‐up information was obtained via a telephone questionnaire at a minimum of 6 months post‐injury. A total of 11 horses met inclusion criteria. In three horses, the deep digital flexor tendon injury was only visible in the T2 fast spin echo sequence and contrast radiography improved diagnostic certainty. The most commonly affected area was between the distal border of the distal sesamoid bone and the facies flexoria of the distal phalanx (6/11, 55%). Six horses (60%) had an excellent outcome (5, show jumping; 1, general purpose) and returned to full athletic function. Five horses (40%) were sound but had not yet resumed full work at the time of follow‐up. Findings indicated that the prognosis for return to soundness can be good for horses with solar penetration, deep digital flexor injury, and absence of synovial sepsis.
Dewatering characteristics of sludge conditioned by surfactant with bioleaching pretreatment
Authors: Liu Changgeng , Zhang Xuefeng , Wu Bin , Chen Xiao’e , Xie Sicai 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn view of the merits of bioleaching and surfactant for sludge treatment, the possibility of surfactant with bioleaching pretreatment applied to improve sludge dewaterability was investigated in this work. The results showed that cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC) with bioleaching pretreatment was highly efficient in dewatering sludge. The optimal CTAC dosage and bioleaching pH for this combination were 120 mg/g (dry solids) and 3.55, respectively, under which the water content of filtrated cake was 68.94% and the specific resistance to filtration was 0.12 × 1013 m/kg with a reduction of 94.92%. Although CTAC and bioleaching both had positive effects on sludge dewatering, their combination was more efficient. The significant enhancement of sludge dewaterability was mainly contributed from the breakage and charge neutralization of sludge flocs, and the release of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). In addition, the positive correlation between supernatant EPS concentration and sludge dewaterability was observed under experimental conditions.
ON SOCIAL EVIL AND NATURAL EVIL: IN CONVERSATION WITH CHRISTOPHER SOUTHGATE
Authors: Conradie Ernst M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this contribution, the author engages in a conversation with Christopher Southgate on the relationship between social evil and what is called natural “evil.” Theologically, this centers around an understanding of creation and fall. It is argued that Southgate typically treats soteriology and eschatology as themes pertaining to an evolutionary theodicy, whereas an adequate ecotheology would discuss the problem of natural suffering under the rubric of the narrative of God's economy. The question is then how that story is best told.
GOD, HUMANITY AND THE COSMOS: CHALLENGING A CHALLENGING TEXTBOOK
Authors: Drees Willem B. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractChristopher Southgate has been the editor of the textbook God, Humanity and the Cosmos. I consider this textbook fair on science and wise in intertwining issues in theology and science with ecology, climate change, and technology. It might also be challenging for students, as it introduces them to a variety of perspectives and a rich palette of literature. I wonder whether such a book, with its strong theological, “cognitive,” orientation will remain relevant in European contexts, given shifts in society away from Christianity and changes in understanding what it is to be religious.
EVOLUTION AND THEODICY: HOW (NOT) TO DO SCIENCE AND THEOLOGY
Authors: Messer Neil 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis article uses Christopher Southgate's work and engagement with other scholars on the topic of evolutionary theodicy as a case study in the dialogue of science and Christian theology. A typology is outlined of ways in which the voices of science and the Christian tradition may be related in a science–theology dialogue, and examples of each position on the typology are given from the literature on evolution and natural evil. The main focus is on Southgate's evolutionary theodicy and the alternative proposal by Neil Messer. By bringing these two accounts into dialogue, some key methodological issues are brought into focus, enabling some conclusions to be drawn about the range and limits of fruitful methodological possibilities for dialogues between science and Christian theology.
TRACING ORIGINS OF TWENTY‐FIRST CENTURY ECOTHEOLOGY: THE POETRY OF CHRISTOPHER SOUTHGATE
Authors: Rappaport Margaret Boone , Corbally Christopher 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWith the goal of better understanding how science, religion, and poetic art came together in the work of Christopher Southgate, the authors first explore his spiritual poetry. They come away with a better understanding of the author's commitment to a broad naturalism that contributes, along with his own faith experience, to his prose works in the emerging field of ecotheology. The authors conclude that Southgate's work is part of the worldwide emergence of a theological rationale that supports environmentalism, the protection of species, and the conservation of biodiversity. The authors find Southgate's poetry warm, appealing, accessible, and re‐readable to good effect, but with a thread of danger and warning throughout. Both features are quite appropriate for the environmental movement in the twenty‐first century.
RESPONSE WITH A SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
Authors: Southgate Christopher 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this response to the articles in this issue, Southgate considers lessons to be learned in respect of science–religion teaching, and about his edited textbook God, Humanity and the Cosmos. He emphasizes the importance of collaborative work in theology. He then considers issues in evolutionary theodicy raised by other contributors, especially eschatology, divine passibility, and the status of the “only way” explanation of evolutionary suffering. Lastly, he engages with critiques of his work based on a preference for characterizing the disvalues of creation in terms of “mysterious fallenness.” The article is followed by a select bibliography of his published work since 1979.
Numerical Investigation of Fluid Flow Parameters in a Combustor Simulator
Authors: Barhaghi Darioush G. , Hedlund Lars 
Published: August 2018

In recent years computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is substantially employed in the design process of gas turbines. To increase the performance of the turbines an efficient cooling system design is essential. This is largely dependent on the accuracy of the predicted temperature at the exit of the combustor. Lack of accuracy of the predicted temperature at the combustor-turbine interface results in using large safety factors which affect the performance negatively.
It is believed that the RANS methods are incapable of predicting the mixing process in highly swirling flows in the combustors. In this study the flow in a none-reactive model combustor simulator is investigated numerically using RANS, SAS and LES turbulence models in ANSYS CFX code. The model combustor consists of three swirling mixers through which the hot air passes. The cold air that goes through many small effusion holes of the outer and inner liners mixes up with the swirling hot air. The computational domain however consists only of one sector and periodic boundary condition is applied in the circumferential direction.
The numerical results are compared with the experimental results that are provided by the University of Florence as part of the European FACTOR project. It is confirmed that the RANS or URANS methods are not capable of reproducing the experimental results.
Aerodynamic Design of a Ported Shroud Casing Treatment for a Turbocharger Compressor of a Miller-Cycle Gasoline Engine
Authors: Schäfer Christoph , Bogner Mathias , Ehrhard Jan , Dunzer Matthias 
Published: August 2018

The emission laws for internal combustion engines become more and more strict. Therefore, new concepts have to be implemented. In the so called Miller approach the intake valve is closed before the intake stroke is finished, thus resulting in a lower combustion end temperature and pressure. As a negative result, the specific power of the engine is reduced. This disadvantage has to be compensated by an increased boost pressure delivered by a turbocharger compressor. For the turbomachinery this means for low end torque engine operation a compressor operating point at high pressure ratio and low mass flow. Thus an increased risk for surge results.
A cost-effective measure to establish an utilizable compressor map in this regime is a ported shroud casing treatment. Here, a circumferential cavity connects the low channel at the inducer with the compressor housing inflow, allowing fluid to recirculate at low mass flows. Thereby, the gross inducer mass flow is increased, the flow stabilized and hence the surge line improved. In this paper, a ported shroud casing treatment is developed employing CFD. The aim is to improve the surge line as well as the stability of the compressor characteristics and to minimize the impact on compressor efficiencies at high flows as well as the acoustic behaviour at the same time. In order to validate the performance of the design, standard hot gas measurements as well as acoustic measurements are conducted and analyzed.
Furthermore, the impact of a commonly applied 90° inflow bend on the performance of the ported shroud cavity is investigated by experimental data.
Modelling Strategies to Obtain the Forcing Function for a Forced Response Analysis
Authors: Connell Stuart , Zori Laith , Patil Sunil 
Published: August 2018

The forced response analysis of a turbomachinery component requires the transient pressure field over that component. For an accurate prediction, this pressure field or forcing function needs to contain the frequency signatures of adjacent components. This paper compares various efficient modelling strategies to include the effect of these adjacent components in obtaining this pressure field. The example used in this work is a hydro turbine though the strategies could be applied to other turbo machines.
The Hydro turbine example comprises a spiral casing (or a volute), inlet guide vanes, stay vanes and a rotating runner. The pitch ratio between the guide vanes and runner is 14:15. The desire is to compute the unsteady pressure field in the runner domain. The flow solver employed has a variety of simulation techniques available to compute flows in cases with unequal numbers of blades/vanes in adjacent rows (“unequal pitch”). These techniques, range from mixing plane and frozen rotor methods for steady flows to various transformation methods for unsteady flows. The transformation methods remove the need for large full or part wheel calculations. Therefore, solution can be obtained at fraction cost of the full wheel simulation. The Fourier transform method is used in this paper to model the pitch change between stator and rotor. Three transient pitch-change modelling strategies are presented, and its accuracy and solution efficiency are compared to full wheel simulation. The three pitch-change variations are: a single-frequency frozen gust analysis, a blade coupling between runner and guide vanes using pitch-change interface, and multiple-frequency frozen gust analysis which will account for the asymmetry due to presence of the spiral casing.
Measured Thermodynamic Effect of Wet Gas Compression
Authors: Simons Sarah , Cater Ryan , Brun Klaus , Musgrove Grant , Kurz Rainer 
Published: August 2018

Significant work has been performed to qualify and quantify the effects of operating with wet gas in a centrifugal compressor system [1, 2]. Of particular interest is the sharp decrease in the isentropic efficiency of the machine when operating with process gas containing various liquid volume fractions. However, it is unknown how much of the performance losses are due to aerodynamic effects, such as blade profile and flow separation losses, rather than the basic thermodynamic effects of compressing a multiphase gas that has a higher density, integral wet-cooling, and contains small amounts of high-density droplets. Previous studies showed that the overall efficiency losses exceeded those expected from purely thermodynamic effects so aerodynamic effects have been principally blamed for the lower efficiency. However, no test data exists in the public domain that quantifies these losses and it is experimentally difficult to perform this type of testing in centrifugal compressor.
Therefore, a series of tests was performed on a reciprocating compressor with power and efficiency recorded through dynamic pressure measurements obtained inside the compression cylinder, torque measured on the shaft, and enthalpy rise measurements obtained outside the cylinders. Using this approach one can eliminate (or differentiate) the aerodynamic effects of wet gas compression, such as valve losses, thus allowing the direct determination of the thermodynamic losses of wet gas compression. Specifically, when there is multi-phase flow entering the machinery, there is the thermodynamic effect of how a mixture of water and air behaves when being compressed [from a process perspective] and the aerodynamic effect of moisture encountering the blades of a centrifugal compressor [performance loss] or the valve passages of a reciprocating compressor [pressure loss]. Directly instrumenting the internals of a reciprocating compressor cylinder allows the evaluation of the thermodynamic performance of multi-phase compression separate from any aerodynamic penalties.
This paper describes the tests performed in a reciprocating compressor open test loop operating with varying amounts of liquid volume fractions (LVFs) of water in the process gas (air). The data was reduced using Pressure-Volume card measurements inside and outside the cylinder, enthalpy rise, as well as torque to determine the impact of volume fraction on compression power and efficiency. Additionally, the valve losses, system efficiencies, and peak compression “spike” were evaluated in relations to the LVFs.
Comparative Study of a Felt Abradable Seal
Authors: Hasnedl Dan , Epikaridis Premysl 
Published: August 2018

In turbo-machinery, abradable layers are used to protect sensible components while keeping minimal possible clearances for maximum efficiency. This article describes the experimental comparison of state of the art abradable layers used as steam turbine seals and a new type of abradable layer made of a metallic felt. The comparison is done via abradability and leakage testing. The leakage is also compared to a state of the art analytical formula to show the effect on the thermal cycle calculation.
An abradable test rig is presented together with the test method. Test results show the value of the Felt seal compared to other two types at low contact speed area.
A steam test rig is also presented. Seal leakage at real operating conditions is evaluated and compared to an analytical formula. The leakage results show some efficiency gap compared to other two types of seals.
Effects of Mushroom-Shaped Tooth Wear on the Leakage Performance and Rotordynamic Coefficients of Labyrinth Seals
Authors: Chen Yaoxing , Li Zhigang , Yan Xin , Li Jun 
Published: August 2018

The leakage performance and rotordynamic coefficients of the labyrinth seal are changed when a mushroom-shaped tooth wear occurs in actual transient operation resulting from rubbing and wear between stator teeth and the rotor. The objective of current study was to numerically investigate and characterize the variation of the leakage performance and rotordynamic coefficients as a result of an increased mushroom-shaped tooth wear at two typical inlet preswirl velocities and enhance the rotor stability of the after-damage labyrinth seal. In this paper, the Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) solution based on the multi-frequency elliptical orbit rotor whirling mode and dynamic mesh technique was used to calculate the leakage flow rates and rotordynamic coefficients of the labyrinth seal with an unworn clearance and three after-damage clearances at two inlet preswirl velocities. The accuracy and availability of adopted transient computational methods in this work were validated by the published experimental data. Also, the influence of tooth mushroom radius and each cavity in the labyrinth seal on the rotor stability and some approaches to improve the rotor stability were discussed and conducted.
The conclusion shows that the leakage flow rate increases with an increase in the clearance, and a linear increase is expected when the after-damage clearance is over 0.4 mm. An increase in the after-damage clearance always leads to a drop in the effective damping or an increase in crossover frequencies. Also, the additional tooth mushroom radius plays an important role in the effective damping or crossover frequency and can not be neglected. The upstream cavity always possesses lower crossover frequency, and a drop of 9.9 Hz in the crossover frequency is found when the seal entrance axially extends 5 mm. In addition, the crossover frequency is decreased from 243.5 Hz to 164.2 Hz when typical anti-swirl brakes are installed in this labyrinth seal with the worn mushroom-shaped teeth.