bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mesoporous Metal–Organic Frameworks: Synthetic Strategies and Emerging Applications
Authors: Liu Dingxin , Zou Dianting , Zhu Haolin , Zhang Jianyong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted much attention over the past two decades due to their highly promising applications not only in the fields of gas storage, separation, catalysis, drug delivery, and sensors, but also in relatively new fields such as electric, magnetic, and optical materials resulting from their extremely high surface areas, open channels and large pore cavities compared with traditional porous materials like carbon and inorganic zeolites. Particularly, MOFs involving pores within the mesoscopic scale possess unique textural properties, leading to a series of research in the design and applications of mesoporous MOFs. Unlike previous Reviews, apart from focusing on recent advances in the synthetic routes, unique characteristics and applications of mesoporous MOFs, this Review also mentions the derivatives, composites, and hierarchical MOF‐based systems that contain mesoporosity, and technical boundaries and challenges brought by the drawbacks of mesoporosity. Moreover, this Review subsequently reveals promising perspectives of how recently discovered approaches to different morphologies of MOFs (not necessarily entirely mesoporous) and their corresponding performances can be extended to minimize the shortcomings of mesoporosity, thus providing a wider and brighter scope of future research into mesoporous MOFs, but not just limited to the finite progress in the target substances alone.
Optical Microrheology of Protein Solutions Using Tailored Nanoparticles
Authors: Garting Tommy , Stradner Anna 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis work represents a critical re‐examination of the application of dynamic light scattering (DLS)–based tracer particle microrheology to measure the zero shear viscosity of aqueous solutions of different proteins up to very high concentrations. It is demonstrated that a combination of surface‐functionalized tracer particles, the use of the so‐called 3D‐DLS technique, and carefully chosen parameters for the scattering experiments is essential for a reliable and artifact‐free determination of the viscosity of highly diverse protein solutions, while keeping the amount of protein to a minimum. The major challenges that arise in such microrheology experiments with protein solutions are discussed and used as guiding principles for the synthesis of all‐purpose tracer particles with optimal size and an efficient surface functionalization, and the choice of the appropriate amount of tracers in the sample. Potential problems arising from depletion attractions between the tracer particles induced by the proteins are addressed, and compelling evidences for the absence of such effects are presented. The validity of the approach is corroborated by the perfect agreement between the zero shear viscosity obtained from 3D‐DLS‐based microrheology and literature data from classical rheological measurements for two vastly different protein–solvent systems up to concentrations close to the arrest transition.
A Self‐Assembled Biocompatible Nanoplatform for Multimodal MR/Fluorescence Imaging Assisted Photothermal Therapy and Prognosis Analysis
Authors: Wang Lirong , Lin Hongyu , Chi Xiaoqin , Sun Chengjie , Huang Jiaqi , Tang Xiaoxue , Chen Hongming , Luo Xiangjie , Yin Zhenyu , Gao Jinhao 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe need for better imaging assisted cancer therapy calls for new biocompatible agents with excellent imaging and therapeutic capabilities. This study successfully fabricates albumin‐cooperated human serum albumin (HSA)‐GGD‐ICG nanoparticles (NPs), which are comprised of a magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agent, glycyrrhetinic‐acid‐modified gadolinium (III)‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7,10‐tetraacetate (GGD), and a fluorescence (FL) dye, indocyanine green (ICG), for multimodal MR/FL imaging assisted cancer therapy. These HSA‐GGD‐ICG NPs with excellent biocompatibility are stable under physiological conditions, and exhibit enhanced T1 contrast capability and improved fluorescence imaging capacity. In vitro experiments reveal an apparent effect of the NPs in killing tumor cells under low laser irradiation, due to the enhanced photothermal conversion efficiency (≈85.1%). Importantly, multimodal MR/FL imaging clearly shows the in vivo behaviors and the efficiency of tumor accumulation of HSA‐GGD‐ICG NPs, as confirmed by a pharmacokinetic study. With the guidance of multimodal imaging, photothermal therapy is subsequently conducted, which demonstrates again high photothermal conversion capability for eliminating tumors without relapse. Notably, real‐time monitoring of tumor ablation for prognosis and therapy evaluation is also achieved by MR imaging. This strategy of constructing nanoplatforms through albumin‐mediated methods is both convenient and efficient, which would enlighten the design of multimodal imaging assisted cancer therapy for potential clinical translation.
Electronic Structure Evolution in Tricomponent Metal Phosphides with Reduced Activation Energy for Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Wang Miao , Dong Chung‐Li , Huang Yu‐Cheng , Li Yanrui , Shen Shaohua 
Published: August 2018

AbstractNon‐noble metal catalysts for high‐active electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are essential in large‐scale application for water splitting. Herein, tricomponent metal phosphides with hollow structures are synthesized from cobalt‐contained metal organic frameworks (MOFs), i.e., ZIF‐67, by tailoring the feeding ratios of Ni and Fe, followed by a high‐temperature reduction and a subsequent phosphidation process. Excellent OER activity and long‐time stability are achieved in 1 m NaOH aqueous solution, with an overpotential of 329 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and Tafel slope of 48.2 mV dec−1, even superior to the noble metal‐based catalyst. It is evidenced that the formed (oxyhydr)oxide/phosphate species by in situ electrochemical surface oxidation are responsible for active OER. Accordingly, the simultaneous introduction of external Ni and Fe elements significantly influences the electronic structures of the parent metal phosphides, leading to the in situ electrochemical formation of surface active layer with decreased OER activation energy for greatly improved water oxidation performance. This electronic structure tuning strategy by introducing multicomponent metals demonstrates a versatile method to use MOFs as precursors for synthesizing high‐efficient water splitting electrocatalysts.
A Brief Review of Metallothermic Reduction Reactions for Materials Preparation
Authors: Xing Zhenyu , Lu Jun , Ji Xiulei 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMetallothermic reduction reactions (MRRs) are displacement reactions that use reactive metals to reduce compounds so that metals, alloys, nonmetal elementary substances, and composites are produced, often in a scalable manner. In recent years, nonmetal materials, mainly silicon and carbon, particularly in their nanostructured forms obtained using an MRR with magnesium as the reductant, have started to attract much attention. However, reactions using other metals as the reductant have not been widely investigated yet. Furthermore, the reaction mechanisms and their controlling factors remain unclear, and much more effort is needed to advance this emerging field. Here, MRR preparation methods for metals, alloys, nanoporous silicon, nanoporous carbon, and composites are discussed as an introduction for new researchers in this field.
Rationally designed perturbation factor drives evolution in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for industrial application
Authors: Xu Xin , Liu Chunfeng , Niu Chengtuo , Wang Jinjing , Zheng Feiyun , Li Yongxian , Li Qi 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains with favorable characteristics are preferred for application in industries. However, the current ability to reprogram a yeast cell on the genome scale is limited due to the complexity of yeast ploids. In this study, a method named genome replication engineering-assisted continuous evolution (GREACE) was proved efficient in engineering S. cerevisiae with different ploids. Through iterative cycles of culture coupled with selection, GREACE could continuously improve the target traits of yeast by accumulating beneficial genetic modification in genome. The application of GREACE greatly improved the tolerance of yeast against acetic acid compared with their parent strain. This method could also be employed to improve yeast aroma profile and the phenotype could be stably inherited to the offspring. Therefore, GREACE method was efficient in S. cerevisiae engineering and it could be further used to evolve yeast with other specific characteristics.
Characterization and phase I study of CLR457, an orally bioavailable pan-class I PI3-kinase inhibitor
Authors: Harding James J. , Bauer Todd M. , Tan Daniel S. W. , Bedard Philippe L. , Rodon Jordi , Doi Toshihiko , Schnell Christian , Iyer Varsha , Baffert Fabienne , Radhakrishnan Rajkumar , Fabre Claire , Juric Dejan 
Published: August 2018

Summary
Background CLR457 is an orally bioavailable pan-phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor. Methods CLR457 anti-tumor activity and pharmacokinetics (PK) were characterized by in vitro biochemical assays and in vivo tumor xenografts. A first-in-human study was conducted to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), safety, PK, and efficacy of CLR457. Successive cohorts of patients with advanced solid tumors with PI3K pathway activation received increasing CLR457 doses according to a Bayesian escalation model based on the rate of dose limiting toxicity (DLT) in the first 28-day cycle. Results CLR457 inhibited p110α, p110β, p110δ and p110γ isoforms with an IC50 of 89 ± 29 nM, 56 ± 35 nM, 39 ± 10 nM and 230 ± 31 nM, respectively. CLR457 exhibited dose-dependent antitumor activity and interfered with glucose homeostasis in PI3K-mutant tumor xenografts. 31 patients received doses ranging from 5 to 100 mg. DLTs included grade 3 hyperglycemia and rash (3). In the 100 mg cohort (n = 11), 3 (27.3%) patients had DLTs and all patients (100%) experienced ≥ grade 3 toxicity with rash (45.5%) as the most common event. The MTD was not determined. For the entire study population, stomatitis (45.2%), diarrhea (38.7%), rash (35.5%) were the most common any grade toxicities—51.6% patients experienced ≥ Grade 3 toxicity. CLR457 was rapidly absorbed with limited accumulation and linear PK. PK modeling indicated that pharmacologically active concentrations were achieved at the highest dose tested (100 mg), though no objective responses were observed. Conclusion CLR457 clinical development was terminated due to poor tolerability and limited antitumor activity. These results emphasize the difficulty of achieving a wide therapeutic index when targeting all class I PI3K-isoforms.
The role of self-control and regulatory foci in money-saving behaviours among children
Authors: Trzcińska Agata , Sekścińska Katarzyna , Maison Dominika 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe studies aimed to discover if it is possible to increase children’s ability to defer consumption in favour of saving money by drawing attention to the importance of self-control and by inducing regulatory focus of promotion or prevention. The first study confirmed that economic behaviours of children are connected to their level of self-control. Next, in two experimental studies, self-control and regulatory focus were experimentally induced in 9- to 11-year-old children. The second study (n = 158) showed that self-control activation results in preference of saving over immediate consumption for boys but not for girls. The third study (n = 144) showed that promotion regulatory focus activation results in preference of saving over immediate consumption, while after the activation of prevention regulatory focus, children prefer immediate consumption. The results indicate that sole activation in children’s thinking about the importance of self-control or about specific self-regulation motivations may influence saving behaviours. Nevertheless, due to the fact that males and females differ in self-control levels and in motivation for goal pursuit, inducing self-control or specific regulatory focus in children may have different effects on economic decisions, depending on a child’s gender.
How Has the Lower Boundary of Human Mortality Evolved, and Has It Already Stopped Decreasing?
Authors: Ebeling Marcus 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In contrast to the upper boundary of mortality, the lower boundary has so far largely been neglected. Based on the three key features—location, sex-specific difference, and level—I analyze past and present trends in the lower boundary of human mortality. The analysis is based on cohort mortality data for 38 countries, covering all the cohorts born between 1900 and 1993. Minimum mortality is analyzed using observed as well as smoothed estimates. The results show that the ages at which minimum mortality is reached have shifted to lower ages. Although the differences have become almost negligible over time, males are showing higher levels of minimum mortality than females. The level of minimum mortality was halved more than five times over the analyzed time horizon. The results also suggest that even after more than 150 years of mortality improvements, minimum mortality has not yet reached a lowest limit and is likely to decrease further in the near future. Trends in the three key features also raise questions about the importance of evolutionary, social, and biological determinants for the recent and future development of minimum mortality.
Effects of Cupressus sempervirens extract on the healing of acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rat
Authors: Sepehrimanesh Masood , Samimi Nastaran , Koohi-Hosseinabadi Omid , Mokhtari Maral , Amiri-Zadeh Saeed , Farjam Mojtaba 
Published: August 2018

AbstractUlcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition of the colon with an unknown etiology. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of Cupressus sempervirens extract on the healing of acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rat. Fifty-five male rats divided into five equal treatment groups were used for this study and received the following treatments: Group 1, 250 mg/kg asacol; Group 2, 1 ml gel base (carboxymethyl cellulose); Group 3, 0.5% gel form of C. sempervirens extract; Group 4, 1% gel form of C. sempervirens extract, and; Group 5, considered as negative control and received 1 ml of normal saline. Body weight changes, histopathological and antioxidant changes in the colon tissue were evaluated. Significant weight gain was observed in rats that received 1% gel extract of C. sempervirens. Significant superoxide dismutase activity was also detected in 0.5 and 1% gel extract groups compared to C. sempervirens extract, Asacol and in 1% gel extract groups compared to the gel base group. Furthermore, both gel extract groups had significant lower total antioxidant capacity compared to Asacol group. Several histopathological lesions including inflammation, ulceration, crypt disarray, and goblet cell depletion were detected in the different groups, however, the mean rank of pathological changes showed no significant difference among the five groups. In summary, our results showed that hydroalcoholic extracts of C. sempervirens leaves produces healing effects in acetic acid induced ulcerative colitis.
The decision to recall: A behavioral investigation in the medical device industry
Authors: Ball George P. , Shah Rachna , Donohue Karen 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe decision to recall a product can significantly affect an operations manager's career, the credibility and financial performance of the firm, and the safety of customers. Despite the importance of this decision, there has been little behavioral research on what influences judgment in this task. Leveraging insights from interviews with regulators and professionals in the medical device industry, and supported by behavioral theory, we identify a set of factors that may influence the recall decision. We test the effect of these factors using a primary experiment with 167 managers from a Fortune 500 medical device firm and a replication study with 614 subjects from Amazon Mechanical Turk. We find that a physician's ability to detect a defect prior to product use decreases the likelihood to recall, while a manager's understanding of the root cause of the defect increases the likelihood to recall. In a second study with 372 Amazon Mechanical Turk subjects, we find that perceived patient customer harm and perceived cost of the recall both mediate the relationship between defect detectability and recall likelihood, but that harm is more influential than cost. Further, the perceived cost of the recall also mediates the relationship between root cause understanding and recall likelihood. By uncovering behavioral factors and their mechanisms in the recall decision, this study offers important insights to both industry and regulators.
Measurement of Cervical Multifidus and Longus Colli Muscle Dimensions in Patients With Cervical Radiculopathy and Healthy Controls Using Ultrasonography: A Reliability Study
Authors: Amiri‐Arimi S. , Mohseni Bandpei M.A. , Rezasoltani A. , Javanshir K. , Biglarian A. 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundCervical radiculopathy is a musculoskeletal disorder with an increasing prevalence in office workers. In recent years, ultrasonography (US) has been reported to be a valid, inexpensive, and noninvasive technique for the objective evaluation of muscle morphology. However, measuring deep cervical paraspinal muscle dimensions using US in patients with cervical radiculopathy has not been described.ObjectiveTo evaluate intrasession and intersession reliabilities of US to measure dimensions of deep cervical muscles at rest in patients with chronic cervical radiculopathy and healthy controls.DesignReliability study.SettingOutpatients who presented for treatment at an outpatient university physiotherapy clinic.ParticipantsFifteen patients with cervical radiculopathy and 15 healthy controls.InterventionsUS measurements.OutcomeCervical multifidus and longus colli muscle dimensions at separate occasions.MethodsTwo measurements separated by a 1‐hour interval were taken on the same day and the third measurement was taken 5 days later. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), SE of measurement, and minimal detectable change were used to evaluate relative and absolute reliabilities.ResultsUS was a highly reliable method for measuring the multifidus and longus colli muscle dimensions in patients and healthy subjects. The highest reliability scores were found for the anteroposterior dimension measurement of the multifidus muscle (ICC = 0.92) and the lateral dimension measurement of the longus colli muscle (ICC = 0.97) in healthy subjects.ConclusionsThe results indicated that US is a highly reliable method of measuring deep cervical muscle dimensions in patients with cervical radiculopathy and healthy controls when measured by the same investigator.Level of EvidenceIII
Slavery, Capitalism, and the Problem of Misprision
Authors: COCLANIS PETER A. 
Published: August 2018

One of the most interesting scholarly developments in historical circles over the course of the last few years has been the unanticipated rise of the field known as the “new history of American capitalism.” Although most devotees of this new field are not formally trained in economics – indeed, some demonstrate little familiarity with the standard methods informing the discipline – the rise of the field on balance has been salutary for the traditional field to which it is most closely related: economic history. For decades economic history qua field had been shrinking, particularly in history departments, but also in departments of economics, as historians jumped on the cultural bandwagon or set sail with Atlantic history, and economists moved toward theory, models, and abstraction and away from messy empirics and fussy data, especially from the deep recesses of the past (often defined as anything prior to the last quarter). And so, academic scribblers – including this one, alas – anticipating the demise of economic history, were busy penning ex ante epitaphs and memorials to the field, as the remaining practitioners became grayer and longer in the tooth.
Norman Erlend Mooney, Shackleton's “other” Boy Scout
Authors: Lewis-Smith Ronald I. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTIn 1921, when Sir Ernest Shackleton was planning his circum-Antarctic expedition on the R.Y.S. Quest, he was eager to appoint a suitably qualified young person as a cabin boy or deck hand. He expressed great admiration for the Boy Scout Movement and its founder, Sir Robert Baden-Powell. Discussions between them led to Shackleton advertising for a Boy Scout to accompany him on the expedition, believing that the experience would greatly benefit the youngster's character, as well as providing much positive publicity for the expedition. He selected two young Scouts but, while much has been written about James Marr, no account has been written about the younger boy, Norman Mooney. This is because he was unable to cope with continuous seasickness and had to return home after only four weeks at sea. This account provides some little-known detail about Mooney and why he was selected, and about Shackleton's sensitive recruiting procedure.
Development and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite markers for Spathoglottis plicata (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Li Chiuan-Yu , Huang Chi-Chun , Chen Chaur-Tzuhn , Hung Kuo-Hsiang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe developed novel and polymorphic microsatellite primers for Spathoglottis plicata, a tropical and subtropical terrestrial orchid, to investigate the genetic patterns and population structure among wild populations, and also to identify the varieties and hybrids of S. plicata in horticultural industry. The 12 novel microsatellites from S. plicata were developed by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based isolation of microsatellite arrays. These markers that were successfully PCR amplified exhibited polymorphisms in S. plicata. The number of alleles, observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity and polymorphism information content values across loci ranged from 2.000 to 8.000, 0.000 to 0.756, 0.208 to 0.813 and 0.405 to 0.805 in total populations, respectively. The newly developed microsatellite markers exhibited variation in S. plicata. These markers can be used as a tool to further investigate the genetic diversity, conservation genetics and variety/hybrid identification of S. plicata.