bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Competency-Based Curriculum for Critical Care Nurse Practitioners’ Transition to Practice
Authors: Kopf R. Scott , Watts Penni I. , Meyer Eileen S. , Moss Jacqueline A. 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundNearly one-third of new-graduate nurse practitioners report undergoing no formal orientation process, and postcertification orientation processes vary. A validated curriculum would address the need for structured training to enhance new graduates’ practice transition.MethodsA competency-based practice transition curriculum for intensive care unit nurse practitioners was created using a literature review and expert panels. Competencies were established that were based on clinical categories essential to nurse practitioner practice in the intensive care unit and adapted from existing Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education training, aligned with the precertification nursing curriculum. Participants recruited from academic and clinical backgrounds were asked to rank curriculum items using a 4-point Likert scale. Competencies were refined on the basis of participants’ survey feedback.ResultsA total of 31 participants from academic medical centers and schools of nursing throughout the United States responded to the request for competency validation; 29% of participants provided qualitative data. All 9 competency topics received a mean rating greater than 3.5 and were deemed valid. Using the combined quantitative and qualitative data, a final set of competencies for nurse practitioners in the intensive care unit was developed.ConclusionsThe curriculum developed and validated in this study can become the basis for practice transition for novice nurse practitioners. The curriculum is adaptable and can be used for surgical and medical intensive care units. As refined, the competencies provide a validated foundation for training of new-graduate nurse practitioners in the intensive care unit.
Cerebral Autoregulation in Neonates With and Without Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Tran Nhu N. , Kumar S. Ram , Hodge Felicia S. , Macey Paul M. 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundCongenital heart disease (CHD) is a leading birth defect in the United States, affecting about 40 000 neonates each year. Despite efforts to prevent developmental delays, many children with CHD have neurological deficits that last into adulthood, influencing employability, self-care, and quality of life.ObjectiveTo determine if neonates with CHD have impaired cerebral autoregulation and poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes compared with healthy controls.MethodsA total of 44 full-term neonates, 28 with CHD and 16 without, were enrolled in the study. Inclusion criteria included confirmed diagnosis of CHD, stable hemodynamic status, and being no more than 12 days old. Exclusion criteria included intraventricular hemorrhage and intubation. Cerebral autoregulation was determined by measuring regional cerebral oxygenation during a postural change. The Einstein Neonatal Neurobehavioral Assessment Scale was used to measure overall neurodevelopmental outcomes (motor, visual, and auditory functions).ResultsOf the 28 neonates with CHD, 8 had single-ventricle physiology. A χ2 analysis indicated no significant difference in impaired cerebral autoregulation between neonates with CHD and controls (P = .38). Neonates with CHD had lower regional cerebral oxygenation than did neonates without CHD (P &lt; .001). Regression analyses with adjustments for cerebral autoregulation indicated that neonates with CHD had poorer total neurodevelopmental outcomes scores (β = 9.3; P = .02) and motor scores (β = 7.6; P = .04).ConclusionPreoperative neonates with CHD have poorer developmental outcomes and more hypoxemia than do controls.
Advocacy for Malaria Prevention, Control, and Research in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Bates Nicole , Herrington James 
Published: September 2018

Until recent years, public interest and political investment in malaria prevention, control, and research have been stagnant. The global malaria agenda is now experiencing an unprecedented time of public and political will and momentum. At the heart of this favorable period lies a nascent, but increasingly sophisticated, global advocacy effort that has contributed to new and expanded malaria funding, programs, and technology. This paper reviews the elements of malaria’s rise to political and public prominence, tracks the increase in funding and policy commitments to malaria over the past decade, and comments on an evolving policymaking progress, increasing transparency and accountability in program governance, and the impact of philanthropic investments in malaria advocacy. In addition, the principles of sound advocacy are described along with the mechanisms that will underlie sustained pro-political momentum for malaria research, resources, and results.

“Today, we have begun to write the final chapter in the history of malaria. We have raised hopes and expectations of our people—we must not let them down. We cannot afford to let them down.”
—His Excellency Olusegan Obasanjo, President of Nigeria, Abuja Summit 2000
Special Issue: Hidden Criminalisation—Punitiveness at the Edges: Guest Editors’ Introduction
Authors: Quilter Julia , McNamara Luke 
Published: September 2018

This special issue had its origins in a workshop on criminal law and criminalisation which we co-convened, and our law schools co-hosted, in 2017. That workshop was the fourth in what has become an annual event in Australia (starting with a Sydney Law School-hosted event in 2014 (see Crofts and Loughnan 2015)). These workshops came into being because of a recognised gap in the Australian scholarly environment: a place for criminalisation scholars to share, discuss and receive feedback on their work (see also Anthony and Croft 2017; Henderson 2016).
To access the full text of the guest editor's introducton to this special issue on 'Hidden Criminalisation—Punitiveness at the Edges', download the accompanying PDF file.
De constitutionele advisering door de Venice Commission
Authors: Vermeulen B.P. , Jasiak A. 
Published: September 2018

De constitutionele advisering door de Venice Commission
De Venice Commission heeft zich sinds 1990 ontwikkeld tot een gezaghebbende constitutioneel raadgever met betrekking tot de verenigbaarheid van (grond)wetgeving met de beginselen van de rule of law, mensenrechten en democratie voor de lidstaten van de Raad van Europa. Besproken wordt wat de Commissie is, wat zij doet en hoe zij dat doet. Vervolgens wordt ingegaan op de maatstaven die zij hanteert, en de specifieke uitdagingen die haar internationale positie, mede gezien het opkomend populisme en het spanningsveld tussen democratie en rechtsstaat, met zich brengen voor de mate van terughoudendheid in haar oordeelsvorming. Daarbij wordt specifiek ingegaan op de ‘casus Polen’.
Zware dicta van de Raad van State over AMvB’s
Authors: Borman T.C. 
Published: September 2018

Zware dicta van de Raad van State over AMvB’s
Het is op dit moment niet duidelijk hoe de exacte formulering luidt van het zwaarste dictum dat de Afdeling advisering van de Raad van State in huis heeft voor het eindoordeel over een AMvB. Het in nr. 171 van het Draaiboek voor de regelgeving opgenomen dictum (‘niet te bekrachtigen’) is in ieder geval een dictum dat reeds lang niet meer wordt gebruikt. Anders dan in nr. 171 van het Draaiboek is vermeld, kan uit jaarverslagen van de Raad van State worden afgeleid dat de Raad van State bij AMvB’s niet twee maar drie zware dicta hanteert, dus net zoals bij de advisering over wetsvoorstellen. Dictum 5 bevat dan de formulering ‘niet aldus’, dictum 6 ‘niet overeenkomstig’. Het door de Raad van State genoemde dictum 6 voor AMvB’s (‘niet overeenkomstig’) heeft echter onvoldoende onderscheidend vermogen ten opzichte van dictum 5 (‘niet aldus’). Het zou daarom duidelijker zijn als wordt teruggekeerd naar de praktijk waarin het zwaarste dictum luidde: ‘geeft U in overweging het ontwerpbesluit niet te bekrachtigen’. Overigens is onduidelijk of het dictum ‘niet overeenkomstig’ nog wel bestaat, omdat dat dictum al acht jaar lang niet meer is toegekend. Het verdient daarom aanbeveling dat de Afdeling advisering van de Raad van State duidelijkheid verschaft over de formulering van de zware dicta die zij hanteert voor AMvB’s. Als die duidelijkheid er is, moeten deze dicta worden opgenomen in nr. 171 van het Draaiboek voor de regelgeving en in de toelichting bij Ar 7.14.
Connecting Ship Operation and Architecture in Ship Design Processes
Authors: Gernez Etienne 
Published: September 2018

It is challenging to deal with the operation of ships by crew members in ship design processes. This is important because the efficiency and safety of ship operations ultimately depends on the ability of human operators to use the technological systems designed for them, no matter how well the technology might perform. The challenge is that there are limited ship design processes combining coherent coevolution of ship architecture and ship operation. I propose a framework that helps ship designers connect the operation of ships by human operators with the design of ships and ship systems.

1. Introduction
Analysis of the actual uses of ship systems by human operators can inform the design of ships and ship systems with the aim of making them safe and efficient to use. However, this analysis is challenging because human-centered design (HCD) methods are not common in ship design practice and research (Lützhöft 2004; Lundh et al. 2011; Lurås & Mainsah 2013; Costa & Lützhöft 2014; Abeysiriwardhane et al. 2015). This research explores how HCD methods can be introduced to the ship design process. In this article, I present a set of human-centered methods structured into a framework that connects the operation of ships by human operators with the design of ships and ship systems.
Rothblum (2000) states that designers need to understand the tasks of the human operators during ship operations and use this understanding to create designs that are compatible with all the systems the ship users interact with. Research on ship accident statistics supports the importance of this claim and shows that most accidents are connected to errors by human operators in their use of and interaction with ship systems (Kataria et al. 2015; Praetorius et al. 2015). There are good reasons to suppose that, similar to safety, the efficiency of ship operations is also closely connected to how ship systems enable the human operators to perform their tasks efficiently.
Review on the Design of the Isolation Techniques for UWB-MIMO Antennas
Authors: Gnanaharan I. , Anbazhagan R. 
Published: September 2018

Ultra wide band - Multiple Input Multiple Output antenna technology provides higher data rates and the combination of the ultra wide band (UWB) and the multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technologies provides a solution for the demand of still higher data rates i.e. in excess of 3 Gb/sec in the future. As the antenna technologies are improving, the size of the MIMO antenna is growing smaller and smaller. Placing the antenna elements in such close proximity increases the coupling between them. Various isolation techniques have to be introduced between the antenna elements to decrease the coupling and to improve the isolation. A study of the various isolation enhancement techniques have been made in this review. It analyses the various isolation enhancement methods such as using orthogonal polarization, parasitic elements, varied decoupling structures, defected ground structures (DGS), neutralization line (NL) and finally by using metamaterials. Metamaterials is a technology to perk up the isolation between the antenna elements. Split ring resonator (SRR) behaves as a metamaterial and it is used as an isolation mechanism in this study. The antennas are simulated and the results are compared. The method using parasitic elements gives the highest isolation of 35 dB and it is 5 dB better than the methods using orthogonal polarization and using the decoupling structure. The performance of all the antennas satisfies the conditions for minimum isolation. The envelope correlation coefficient is nearly zero in all the antennas and it implies good diversity performance. The diversity gain is also calculated for the various antennas and it satisfies good diversity performance. The bandwidth of the antennas is in the UWB frequency range and they have a fractional bandwidth above the required value of 1.09. The capacity loss for all the antennas is very low and the antennas using defected ground structure and the decoupling structure gives very low capacity loss.
Thickness‐Dependent Carrier Transport Characteristics of a New 2D Elemental Semiconductor: Black Arsenic
Authors: Zhong Mianzeng , Xia Qinglin , Pan Longfei , Liu Yuqing , Chen Yabin , Deng Hui‐Xiong , Li Jingbo , Wei Zhongming 
Published: August 2018

Abstract2D elemental layered crystals, such as graphene and black phosphorus (B‐P), have received tremendous attentions due to their rich physical and chemical properties. In the applications of nanoelectronic devices, graphene shows super high electronic mobility, but it lacks bandgap which impedes development in logical devices. As an alternative, B‐P shows high mobility of up to about 1000 cm2 V−1 s−1. However, B‐P is very unstable and degrades rapidly in ambient conditions. Orthorhombic arsenic (black arsenic; b‐As) is the “cousin” of B‐P; theoretical prediction shows that b‐As also has excellent physical and chemical properties, but there is almost no experimental report on b‐As. Herein, it is reported on the unique transport characteristics and stability of monolayer and few‐layer b‐As crystals which are exfoliated from the natural mineral. The properties of field‐effect transistors (FETs) strongly depend on the thickness of crystals. In the monolayer limit, the performance shows relatively high carrier mobilities and large on/off ratios. Moreover, the b‐As crystals exhibit a relatively good ambient stability. The few‐layer arsenic based FET still function after exposure to air for about one month. Therefore, b‐As is expected to be a promising 2D material candidate in nanoelectronic devices.
Hierarchical Tumor Microenvironment‐Responsive Nanomedicine for Programmed Delivery of Chemotherapeutics
Authors: Wang Sheng , Yu Guocan , Wang Zhantong , Jacobson Orit , Tian Rui , Lin Li‐Sen , Zhang Fuwu , Wang Jing , Chen Xiaoyuan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractNanomedicines have been demonstrated to have passive or active tumor targeting behaviors, which are promising for cancer chemotherapy. However, most nanomedicines still suffer from a suboptimal targeting effect and drug leakage, resulting in unsatisfactory treatment outcome. Herein, a hierarchical responsive nanomedicine (HRNM) is developed for programmed delivery of chemotherapeutics. The HRNMs are prepared via the self‐assembly of cyclic Arg‐Gly‐Asp (RGD) peptide conjugated triblock copolymer, poly(2‐(hexamethyleneimino)ethyl methacrylate)‐poly(oligo‐(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether methacrylate)‐poly[reduction‐responsive camptothecin] (PC7A‐POEG‐PssCPT). In blood circulation, the RGD peptides are shielded by the POEG coating; therefore, the nanosized HRNMs can achieve effective tumor accumulation through passive targeting. Once the HRNMs reach a tumor site, due to the hydrophobic‐to‐hydrophilic conversion of PC7A chains induced by the acidic tumor microenvironment, the RGD peptides will be exposed for enhanced tumor retention and cellular internalization. Moreover, in response to the glutathione inside cells, active CPT drugs will be released rapidly for chemotherapy. The in vitro and in vivo results confirm effective tumor targeting, potent antitumor effect, and reduced systemic toxicity of the HRNMs. This HRNM is promising for enhanced chemotherapeutic delivery.
A β‐Diketiminate‐Stabilized Sila‐Acyl Chloride: Systematic Access to Base‐Stabilized Silicon Analogues of Classical Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Do Dinh Cao Huan , Protchenko Andrey V. , Ángeles Fuentes M. , Hicks Jamie , Kolychev Eugene L. , Vasko Petra , Aldridge Simon 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAn oxidation/substitution strategy for the synthesis of silicon analogues of classical organic carbonyl compounds is reported, by making use of a novel β‐diketiminate‐supported sila‐acyl chloride—the first example of such a compound isolated without the use of a stabilizing Lewis acid. Nucleophilic substitution at the SiIV center allows direct access to the corresponding sila‐aldehyde and sila‐ester. An alternative approach utilizing the reverse order of synthetic steps is thwarted by the facile rearrangement of the corresponding SiII systems featuring either H or OR substituents. As such, the isolation of (N‐nacnac)Si(O)Cl represents a key step forward in enabling the synthesis of sila‐carbonyl compounds by a synthetic approach ubiquitous in organic chemistry.
All‐Inorganic Perovskite CsSnBr3 as a Thermally Stable, Free‐Carrier Semiconductor
Authors: Li Binghan , Long Ruiying , Xia Yu , Mi Qixi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHybrid organic‐inorganic perovskites, especially methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI3), are intensely studied for their optoelectronic properties. The organic MA+ cation is held responsible for the superior performance of MAPbI3 but also its instability toward moisture and heat. To explore compositions beyond MAPbI3, we performed experiments and calculations on two isomorphous perovskites CsSnBr3 and MASnBr3. CsSnBr3 is slightly smaller than MASnBr3 in cell dimension, but outperforms MASnBr3 in band gap energy, charge‐carrier reduced effective mass, and optical dielectric constant all by ≈19 %. These merits accumulate to drastically cut the exciton binding energy from 33 meV for MASnBr3 to 19.6 meV for CsSnBr3, making CsSnBr3 a black, free‐carrier semiconductor. CsSnBr3 also exhibits distinctly higher stability toward moisture and heat than its organic counterparts. These advantages suggest ecofriendly applications for CsSnBr3, such as tandem solar cells and direct X‐ray detectors.
Covalent Functionalization of Exfoliated Arsenic with Chlorocarbene
Authors: Sturala Jiri , Ambrosi Adriano , Sofer Zdeněk , Pumera Martin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFew‐layer and monolayer arsenic (arsenene) materials have been attracting great attention mainly from a theoretical perspective. Chemical modification of these materials would expand significantly the range of their applications. Here, we describe a chlorocarbene‐mediated modification of exfoliated layered arsenic materials. Carbene‐based species are highly reactive and offer further possibilities of functionalization. Our approach for modifying the arsenic surface by chlorocarbene generated from organolithium and dichloromethane resulted in a large surface coverage and a highly luminescent functionalized material, opening the door for its application in modern optoelectronic devices.
Structural analysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate) modified by polypropylene‐graft‐maleic anhydride from rheological data
Authors: Khaledi Behnam , Golshan Ebrahimi Nadereh 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDuring some investigations on compatibilizing poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) blends by maleic anhydride–grafted polyolefins (PO‐g‐MA), the reaction between PET and PO‐g‐MA and the formation of PO‐g‐PET were proposed. However, the effect of PO‐g‐MA on the rheological properties of PET has not been the aim of any specific study. In our study, polypropylene (PP)‐g‐MA was melt reacted with PET, and the effects of its content and grafting degree on the intrinsic viscosity and linear viscoelastic properties of PET were investigated. The results reveal that the addition of PP‐g‐MA leads to increasing intrinsic viscosity, which confirms the reaction between PP‐g‐MA and PET. Rheological measurements suggest that the addition of PP‐g‐MA improves the elastic behavior and increases the complex viscosity of PET. No shear thinning behavior was observed for any samples, indicating that branching is not widespread. The increase in PP‐g‐MA content or grafting degree leads to increases in the intrinsic and complex viscosities and improves the elastic behavior. Furthermore, we reported the unusual observation of an increasing viscosity with frequency in modified sa"mples due to the transesterification phenomenon. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 46896.
Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of new pyrrole carboxamide derivatives: In vitro and in silico studies
Authors: Kıbrız İbrahim Evren , Saçmacı Mustafa , Yıldırım İsmail , Abbas Ali Noma Samir , Taşkın Tok Tuğba , Ateş Burhan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPyrrole carboxamide rings are rarely used as active scaffold in designing inhibitors for enzymes. Herein, we described the structure–activity relationship for novel xanthine oxidase inhibitors based on the pyrrole carboxamide scaffold. A series of novel‐substituted pyrrole carboxamide derivatives were synthesized and characterized; their in vitro and in silico inhibitory activities were determined against xanthine oxidase. Among these compounds, those which contain no substituent and one methyl group at the para‐position of the phenyl moiety in the main structure, respectively, were found out as most active according to the xanthine oxidase inhibition activity study. In silico techniques reveal why these compounds display more activities than others, based on their binding interactions with xanthine oxidase and the surface scanning results of the enzyme. Furthermore, the binding energy calculations displayed good agreement with the experimental activity values.
Systematic assessment of triticale‐based biorefinery strategies: techno‐economic analysis to identify investment opportunities
Authors: Sanaei Shabnam , Stuart Paul R 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn recent years, interest has increased in biorefineries that use a variety of biomass residues and non‐food crops. Triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) is a human‐developed crop that has the potential to become a preferred industrial energy crop for the biorefinery because of its capacity to grow on marginal land, its higher yields compared to existing cereal crops such as wheat, and its non‐competition with food‐based crops. However, implementation of the triticale‐based biorefinery will require the identification of sustainable strategies and as its sustainability pillar, the identification of economically promising strategies. In this study, the economic performance of several triticale‐based product‐process scenarios, including the production of ethanol, polylactic acid (PLA), and thermoplastic starch polymer, has been assessed through the evaluation of six economic criteria. These conflicting criteria have been evaluated in a multi‐criteria decision‐making (MCDM) panel, demonstrated for PLA platform, which has made it possible (i) to rank the alternatives by their economic performance, and (ii) to identify a set of the most important criteria to be used in a sustainability study. The MCDM results show that the alternatives with the best performance on profitability‐oriented criteria do not necessarily achieve the highest overall economic score. This suggests the need to consider both business‐strategy‐oriented criteria and profitability‐oriented criteria in strategic decision‐making. The MCDM results show that the internal rate of return, the downside internal rate of return, and the resistance to supply market uncertainty with relative weights of 24.8%, 23.6%, and 18.1% respectively, are the most important of the criteria assessed. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd