bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures to Prevent BEPS—Some Thoughts on Complexity and Uncertainty
Authors: Kleist David 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures to Prevent Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (MLI), which was signed in June 2017, raises a multitude of questions relating not only to the text of the treaty provisions but also to the way the MLI will interact with tax treaties, for instance, and what it will mean for the future development of tax treaty law and international cooperation in tax matters. This article focuses on two aspects of the MLI. First, it deals with the substance of the MLI by providing an overview of its background and content, including the many options available to the contracting states under the MLI. Second, some thoughts are presented on the effects of the MLI in terms of complexity and uncertainty.
Evaluation of dosimetric effect caused by slowing with multi-leaf collimator (MLC) leaves for volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT)
Authors: Xu Zhengzheng , Wang Iris Z. , Kumaraswamy Lalith K. , Podgorsak Matthew B. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background
This study is to report 1) the sensitivity of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) QA method for clinical volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans with multi-leaf collimator (MLC) leaf errors that will not trigger MLC interlock during beam delivery; 2) the effect of non-beam-hold MLC leaf errors on the quality of VMAT plan dose delivery.

Materials and methods.
Eleven VMAT plans were selected and modified using an in-house developed software. For each control point of a VMAT arc, MLC leaves with the highest speed (1.87-1.95 cm/s) were set to move at the maximal allowable speed (2.3 cm/s), which resulted in a leaf position difference of less than 2 mm. The modified plans were considered as ‘standard’ plans, and the original plans were treated as the ‘slowing MLC’ plans for simulating ‘standard’ plans with leaves moving at relatively lower speed. The measurement of each ‘slowing MLC’ plan using MapCHECK®2 was compared with calculated planar dose of the ‘standard’ plan with respect to absolute dose Van Dyk distance-to-agreement (DTA) comparisons using 3%/3 mm and 2%/2 mm criteria.

Results
All ‘slowing MLC’ plans passed the 90% pass rate threshold using 3%/3 mm criteria while one brain and three anal VMAT cases were below 90% with 2%/2 mm criteria. For ten out of eleven cases, DVH comparisons between ‘standard’ and ‘slowing MLC’ plans demonstrated minimal dosimetric changes in targets and organs-at-risk.

Conclusions
For highly modulated VMAT plans, pass rate threshold (90%) using 3%/3mm criteria is not sensitive in detecting MLC leaf errors that will not trigger the MLC leaf interlock. However, the consequential effects of non-beam hold MLC errors on target and OAR doses are negligible, which supports the reliability of current patient-specific IMRT quality assurance (QA) method for VMAT plans.
Development of Sulfur Modified Bituminous Paving Mixes Containing Sand as Aggregates
Authors: Jena Subhashree , Panda Mahabir , Bhuyan Prasanta Kumar 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Aggregates obtained from natural stone resources are the main source of infrastructure, including road-pavement construction. In keeping pace with economic development, rapid industrialization, and urbanization, natural stone resources are depleting at an alarming rate, which is a major concern for future construction activities. Keeping this issue in mind, the use of locally available materials as a substitute for aggregates, particularly in road construction, is a major research interest. Because sand is available abundantly in some places such as coastal deltaic plains and desert areas, it is necessary to evaluate the potential of sand as an alternative to the stone aggregates. But because of its low stability, sand-bituminous mixes were not found to be suitable for pavement construction. The advantageous effects of using sulfur with construction materials motivated the authors to develop sand-bitumen mixes modified by locally available commercial sulfur. This research addressed the procedure to develop the sulfur modified sand bituminous mixes. The influences of mixing parameters such as mixing sequences, mixing temperature, and mixing time on performance characteristics of the mix were evaluated. Marshall properties of the mixes with varying proportions of sand, sulfur, and bitumen at different levels of compaction were studied, and the results were analyzed for drawing conclusions.
The Proprieties of Stigma and the Situation of Human Life in Danger of Stigma
Authors: Świgost Magdalena 
Published: April 2018

It is stated that the properties of stigma have the key role in perceiving social relations and own life situation by the person who is in danger of the process of social stigma (Davidio, Major and Crocer, 2008, p. 27–28). It is cognitively interesting how agreeing to the process of social stigma is shown in terms of difficulty that is being activated by specific feature, pressing, in exceptional sense, on seeing and controling the stigma.
This article contains the theoretical analysis of the process of social stigma in relation to its chosen features. There has been done an attempt to present mutual assorted interaction with the influence of blocking predicators or those restoring the process of social self-indicating and indicating
Imaging in Pediatric Concussion: A Systematic Review
Authors: Schmidt Julia , Hayward Kathryn S. , Brown Katlyn E. , Zwicker Jill G. , Ponsford Jennie , van Donkelaar Paul , Babul Shelina , Boyd Lara A. 
Published: April 2018

CONTEXT:Pediatric mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a common and poorly understood injury. Neuroimaging indexes brain injury and outcome after pediatric mTBI, but remains largely unexplored.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the differences in neuroimaging findings in children/youth with mTBI. Measures of behavior, symptoms, time since injury, and age at injury were also considered.DATA SOURCES:A systematic review was conducted up to July 6, 2016.STUDY SELECTION:Studies were independently screened by 2 authors and included if they met predetermined eligibility criteria: (1) children/youth (5–18 years of age), (2) diagnosis of mTBI, and (3) use of neuroimaging.DATA EXTRACTION:Two authors independently appraised study quality and extracted demographic and outcome data.RESULTS:Twenty-two studies met the eligibility criteria, involving 448 participants with mTBI (mean age = 12.7 years ± 2.8). Time postinjury ranged from 1 day to 5 years. Seven different neuroimaging methods were investigated in included studies. The most frequently used method, diffusion tensor imaging (41%), had heterogeneous findings with respect to the specific regions and tracts that showed group differences. However, group differences were observed in many regions containing the corticospinal tract, portions of the corpus callosum, or frontal white-matter regions; fractional anisotropy was increased in 88% of the studies.LIMITATIONS:This review included a heterogeneous sample with regard to participant ages, time since injury, symptoms, and imaging methods which prevented statistical pooling/modelling.CONCLUSIONS:These data highlight essential priorities for future research (eg, common data elements) that are foundational to progress the understanding of pediatric concussion.
Suplementação com β-alanina: ação nas reservas glicogênicas musculares e no perfil eletrocardiográfico de ratas.
Authors: Alves Júnior Luiz Carlos , Belotto Patricia Carla Paulino , Pertille Adriana , Silva Carlos Alberto 
Published: April 2018

recurso ergogênico que tem sido alvo de estudos é a β-alanina, frente a sua capacidade de promover melhora no desempenho atlético. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as reservas glicogênicas (GLI) musculares representado pelo ventrículo (V), diafragma (D) e peitoral (P), além de parâmetros eletrocardiográficos em ratas tratadas com β-alanina. Foram utilizadas 15 ratas Wistar jovens submetidas a cuidados ideais de bioterismo, divididas em grupos denominados controle (C), tratados com β-alanina por 7 dias (A7) e por 15 dias (A15). Os grupos tratados receberam a β-alanina (Beta Cálcio Alanine®) disponível na água para beber na concentração de 1,8%. Dentro do período experimental, os animais foram anestesiados e os segmentos ST e QT captado (Heart Ware System®); a seguir, os animais foram eutanasiados e os músculos coletados para avaliação das GLI. Os dados foram avaliados através de Anova one way e teste de Tukey, p<0,05. No grupo A7 o ST e QT foram mais lentos se comparado ao C, e no grupo A15 foram mais rápidos se comparado ao C e A7 (p<0,05), indicando que a β-alanina pode modificar a condutância elétrica no músculo cardíaco. O GLI também foi modificado, sendo observado que nos músculos P e D, houve aumento progressivo do 7° a 15º dia de suplementação, condição não observada no V, cujo aumento do GLI ocorreu significativamente no 15º dia. Os dados indicam que a β-alanina pode modificar a condução elétrica no ECG e indiretamente promover elevação nas reservas de glicogênio, por ser secretagogo da insulina.
Fracture Surface Investigations of Api Pipes Welded With Parameters Determined By Taguchi Method
Authors: Aşıkuzun Elif , Çetinkaya Cemil , Boz Mustafa , Ada Hakan 
Published: April 2018

In this study,
SEM images of the samples taken from welded nick break tests of API 5L X65 pipe
joints, whose welding parameters were determined by Taguchi method, were
examined. As a result of the investigations, the elongations and orientations
exhibited by the grains showed that ductile and brittle fractures were observed
in the welded joints. As it was observed from equiaxed, honeycomb like images
that the fractures exhibited a ductile behavior. Brittle fractures that occurred
due to cleavage breaks in some regions were detected. An apparent effect of welding direction was
observed in fracture behavior. It was detected from the SEM images that a
ductile fracture structure had occurred in all joints that were performed from
bottom to top, while it was observed in the joints performed from top to bottom
that generally cleavage planes had developed along with fibrous structures in
places, therefore brittle fractures had occurred.
Bazı Kimya Konularındaki Alternatif Kavramların Tanılayıcı Dallanmış Ağaç Tekniği Kullanarak Belirlenmesi
Authors: GEÇGEL Gürkan , ŞEKERCİ Ali Rıza 
Published: April 2018

Bu
çalışmada, geleneksel ölçme ve değerlendirme araçlarına alternatif olan
Tanılayıcı Dallanmış Ağaç (TDA) tekniği
kullanılarak geliştirilen kavram testi ile öğrencilerin bazı kimya konularında
alternatif kavramlara sahip olup olmadıklarını belirlemektir. TDA, geleneksel
ölçme ve değerlendirme araçlarından yapısı ve amacının farklı olmasıyla dikkat
çekmektedir. Çalışma tarama yöntemi ile yürütülmüştür. Çalışma Dumlupınar
Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Sınıf öğretmenliği Anabilim Dalı ve Fen Bilgisi Eğitimi Anabilim Dallarında öğrenim gören 222 öğretmen
adayı ile gönüllülük esasına dayalı olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Çalışmadan elde edilen verilerin analizinde betimsel istatistiki yöntem
kullanılmıştır. TDA tekniği ile hazırlanan kavram testinin analizinden elde
edilen bulgular neticesinde öğretmen adaylarının madde ve özellikleri,
elementler, bileşikler, çözeltiler ve koligatif özellikler, metaller, fiziksel
ve kimyasal değişimler, asitler ve bazlar, kimyasal bağlar, ısı ve sıcaklık
kimya konuları ile ilgili alanyazında vurgulanan alternatif kavramlara sahip
oldukları ortaya konmuştur.
Okuma Eğitimi Alanındaki Kuramsal Kitaplarda Okumanın Kavram Alanına Yönelik Eleştirel Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: KANATLI Faik , ÇEKİCİ Yunus Emre 
Published: April 2018

Türkçe
öğretmenliği lisans programlarının 5. döneminde “Anlama Teknikleri 1: Okuma
Eğitimi” adlı ders verilir. Bu derste genellikle Türkçe öğretimi ile ilgili
kaynakların okuma eğitimi bölümleri ve/veya başlı başına okuma eğitimini konu
alan ders kitapları okutulur. Okuma eğitimi ile ilgili ders kitaplarının ve
bölümlerin okumanın kavram alanını yansıtması, okumayı ve okutmayı özendirmesi
ve öğretmen adaylarını okuma eğitimine hazırlaması beklenir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkçe öğretmeni yetiştirirken
okuma eğitimi alanında sıklıkla kullanılan on ders kitabında ön plana çıkan
okumanın kavram alanını tartışmaya açmaktır. İncelenen on ders kitabı
belirlenirken temsil yeterliliği için uzman görüşüne başvurulmuştur. Örneklem
alınan kitaplarda ön plana çıkan kavramlar sınıflandırılmış ve
örneklendirilmiştir. Ayrıca Almanca ve edebiyat dersinin gelişim tarihinin ele
alındığı iki kaynak da yine okumanın kavram alanını belirlemek amacıyla değerlendirilmiş,
böylece Türkçe ve Almanca eğitiminde okumanın kavram alanına ilişkin
farklılıklar üzerinde durulmuştur. Betimsel bir nitelik taşıyan bu çalışmada
içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Türkçe kitaplarda tespit edilen
kavramlar şunlardır: fizyolojik kavramlar, fiziksel kavramlar, alışkanlık, hız,
metin, bilgi, kelime hazinesi, sosyallik ve anlama. Almanca kaynaklarda Türkçe kaynaklardan farklı olan bazı kavramlar ise
şunlardır: okuma sosyalleşmesi, yazınsal sosyalleşme, alımlama estetiği, metin
ve okur etkileşimi, özerklik, birey olma, kimlik/kişilik geliştirici/güçlendirici
bir süreç olarak okuma, özeleştirel okuma, okuma dinamiği, okuma heyecanı,
okuma coşkusu, okuma iklimi, okuma motivasyonu, okuma deneyimi, okuma
yapılandırması. Bu çalışmada, ortaya çıkan bu farklılıkların nedenleri
değerlendirilmiştir.
Sınıf Yönetiminde Öğretmen Stratejileri Envanterinin Türk Kültürüne Uyarlanması
Authors: DİNÇER Çağlayan , DENİZ Kaan Zülfikar , AKGÜN Ege , ULUBEY Özgür 
Published: April 2018

Bu araştırma Sınıf Yönetiminde
Öğretmen Stratejileri Envanterinin (Webster-Stratton, 2012) Türk Kültürüne uyarlanması amacıyla yapılmıştır. Betimsel
türdeki araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, Ankara ilinde görev yapan 48-72 ay arası
çocuklarla çalışan ve uygun örneklem ile seçilen toplam 422 (Açımlayıcı Faktör
Analizi-AFA için n=220 ve Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi-DFA için n=202) okul
öncesi öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Envanterin geçerliğini ve güvenirliğini
belirleyebilmek için Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) Test, Bartlett Sphericity Test,
Cronbach Alfa güvenirlik katsayısı, açımlayıcı faktör analizi (AFA) ve
doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA) yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre,
Sınıf Yönetiminde Öğretmen Stratejileri Envanteri öğretmenlerin kendilerini değerlendirdikleri
üç ölçekten ve toplam 45 maddeden oluşmaktadır. Birinci ölçek “Sınıftaki
Davranışların Yönetimi Ölçeği” varyansın %82,52’sini açıklayan tek faktörden
oluşmaktadır. İkinci ölçek olan “Özel Öğretim Teknikleri Ölçeği” toplam
varyansın %38,02’sini açıklayan iki faktörden oluşmaktadır. Üçüncü ölçek olan “Anne
Babalarla Çalışma Ölçeği” toplam varyansın %56,26’sını açıklayan iki faktörden
oluşmaktadır. AFA’ya ilişkin modelin
doğrulanması için DFA kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak elde edilen
bulgular ışığında Sınıf Yönetiminde Öğretmen Stratejileri Envanterinin Türkçe
formunun yeterli psikometrik özelliklere sahip olduğu söylenebilir.
Digital gangrene in patients with sepsis
Authors: Nema Archana A. , Darshan Jitendra R. , Iyer Saumya 
Published: April 2018

Background: Symmetrical peripheral gangrene is a rare condition seen in patients of severe sepsis with hypotension. Gangrene is of dry type, limited to the digits only with all peripheral pulses palpable. Methods: Seven patients of severe sepsis with various etiologies were admitted in surgical ICU. These patients developed symmetrical peripheral gangrene during their stay in SICU at a variable period. Detailed history and case records were studied, and data was analyzed. Review of literature was done and compared with findings of our cases. Results: All seven patients had severe sepsis with disseminated intravascular coagulation and all seven required ventillatory support. Administration of inotropes increased the pace of ischemic process. Conclusions: Anticipation and prompt recognition of this condition can limit the progress of gangrene. Treatment is emphasized on the primary condition with focus on limiting the gangrene by local procedures.
Study of thyroid profile in malnourished children (6 months - 5 years) admitted in the nutritional rehabilitation centre and paediatric ward NSCB Medical College Jabalpur, India
Authors: Lazarus Monica , Kashyap Alok Kumar , Borkar Rahul , Ajmariya Manish 
Published: April 2018

Background: Globally, PEM continues to be a major health problem in developing countries and the most important risk factor for illnesses and death especially among young children. The research was conducted to study the effect of thyroid profile in malnourished children (6 month-5 years) admitted in tertiary care center in Central India.Methods: A cross sectional hospital based observational study was carried out in tertiary care hospital NSCB MCH Jabalpur. 80 malnourished children were included in the study. The cases were categorized into moderate and severe malnutrition as per WHO classification. Detailed clinical assessment of nutritional status followed by anthropometric measurement (weight for height) was recorded in predesigned proforma. Triiodothyronine (T3), Thyroxine (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), serum total protein and serum albumin were estimated. The parameters were compared among SAM and MAM groups using appropriate tool.Results: Mean serum protein, serum albumin, T3, T4 were significantly low in SAM group, when compared to the MAM group (p <0.001). while level of TSH was not found significant among SAM and MAM groups.Conclusions: Malnutrition is associated with decrease level of thyroid hormone levels and were positively correlated with serum total protein and albumin levels. The decrease level of thyroid hormone may have a contributory role in retarded growth and development.
IDENTIFICAÇÃO E CLASSIFICAÇÃO DE RISCO FAMILIAR EM UMA UNIDADE DE SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA EM RECIFE-PE.
Authors: Ferreira Balbino França Erika Pollyany , Mota Duarte Beserra Hebe Janayna , Costa Lima Guerra Curado Jeórgia 
Published: April 2018

A família é considerada uma unidade principalmente pelas relações interligadas pelos seus membros. Essa compreensão nos permite observá-la através de contextos como organização, funcionalidade e estrutura, mas mantendo seus laços de emoção e afetividade. É na família que os primeiros laços de saúde se apresentam através do cuidado. E promover cuidado é essencial para o trabalho da equipe de saúde. Nessa perspectiva este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar as famílias que vivem sob risco familiar e classificá-las por meio de um instrumento de estratificação de risco familiar. Trata-se de estudo transversal, de natureza quantitativa e descritiva, realizado na USF Coelhos I, do município de Recife, PE. Foram utilizadas as Fichas A, cadastradas na primeira visita domiciliar realizada pelos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde e os dados foram analisados após a utilização da Escala de Risco Familiar de Coelho e Savassi. Como resultados, observou-se a predominância de risco familiar máximo no território onde o saneamento básico é quase inexistente, o que comprova a necessidade de maiores investimentos nesse setor pela gestão e também a relação próxima entre saúde e saneamento. Além de proporcionar a priorização das visitas domiciliares, facilitando o trabalho dos profissionais.
An assessment of physics laboratory teaching and learning resources in two Nigerian universities
Authors: Ogunleye Ayodele , Anyaegbuna Benjamin E. 
Published: April 2018

It is hard to imagine learning science without doing laboratory or fieldwork. The research work in this paper assessed the state of physics laboratory teaching and learning resources in some selected universities in the South West geopolitical zone of Nigeria. The survey was carried out in five universities namely The University of Lagos, University of Agriculture, Lagos State University, Olabisi Onabanjo University and Covenant University. An 88-item inventory assessment questionnaire was administered and responses were collated for analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data derived from the study. Findings revealed that there is dearth of modern and specialised physics laboratory equipment/resources; and the obsolete state of most workshops. Inadequacy of the available resources was also observed where some universities combine physics students from the Faculties of Education and Science for most practical sessions. Based on the findings, the study proffers some recommendation that could improve the resource situations in these universities.

Keywords: Physics, laboratory, learning.
Examination of views and suggestions about participation of families of children with special needs in individualised education programme
Authors: Sardohan Yildirim Adile Emel , Akçamete Gönül 
Published: April 2018

Individualised education programmes (IEP) will be practiced with children with special needs (CWSN) and their families. The main factor for IEP’s success is the participation of the family and also, their children. In this study, views and suggestions about participation of families of CWSN in their IEP processes are examined. The research is based on qualitative research. Five mothers and a grandmother with CWSN were participated; data are collected via semi-structured interview technique and analysed with inductive analysis technique. This research uncovers that the participants didn’t participate in their children’s diagnosis, assessment, settlement and follow-up processes, and they were not content with the assessment results. Also, the participants who didn’t participate in the IEP weren’t even aware of the legal obligation that they had to and their children’s IEP, they weren’t in cooperation with the teacher in that process, and teachers didn’t show the progress in the children to the families even if they recorded that.

Keywords: Children with special needs (CWSN), family, individualised education programmes (IEP).
Adsorptive removal of phosphate from aqueous solutions using different types of red mud
Authors: Guo Tengfei , Yang Haiquan , Liu Qingyou , Gu Hannian , Wang Ning , Yu Wenbin , Dai Yang 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Red mud (RM) is an industrial waste generated during production of alumina from using the Bayer process or the sintering process. Four types of red mud from China were characterized for their diverse chemical and mineral compositions using inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Acid treatment was employed to obtain activated red mud (ARM), posing increased surface areas from 10–28 m2/g to 220–350 m2/g. RMs and ARMs were used to adsorb phosphate in solution to compare the adsorption capacity. Sample GZ3, a red mud from the sintering process, presented the highest adsorption capacity among the four raw RMs, posing an adsorption capacity of 0.37 mg P/g in the solution of 1 mg P/L with a solid/solution ratio of 0.5 g: 1 L. Whereas, activated GX (AGX), a high iron Bayer red mud from diaspore bauxite, showed the highest adsorption capacity of all the ARMs, with an adsorption capacity of 1.92 mg P/g in the same condition. The dynamic studies indicate that the adsorption mainly followed the pseudo second-order model. The models of Freundlich and Langmuir were used to simulate the sorption equilibrium on GZ3 and AGX. It suggests that the Freundlich model had a better correlation with GZ3 while the Langmuir model fitted well with AGX.