bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fungal resistance mediated by maize wall‐associated kinase ZmWAK‐RLK1 correlates with reduced benzoxazinoid content
Authors: Yang Ping , Praz Coraline , Li Beibei , Singla Jyoti , Robert Christelle A. M. , Kessel Bettina , Scheuermann Daniela , Lüthi Linda , Ouzunova Milena , Erb Matthias , Krattinger Simon G. , Keller Beat 
Published: September 2018

Summary

Wall‐associated kinases (WAKs) have recently been identified as major components of fungal and bacterial disease resistance in several cereal crop species. However, the molecular mechanisms of WAK‐mediated resistance remain largely unknown.

Here, we investigated the function of the maize gene ZmWAK‐RLK1 (Htn1) that confers quantitative resistance to northern corn leaf blight (NCLB) caused by the hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen Exserohilum turcicum.

ZmWAK‐RLK1 was found to localize to the plasma membrane and its presence resulted in a modification of the infection process by reducing pathogen penetration into host tissues. A large‐scale transcriptome analysis of near‐isogenic lines (NILs) differing for ZmWAK‐RLK1 revealed that several differentially expressed genes are involved in the biosynthesis of the secondary metabolites benzoxazinoids (BXs). The contents of several BXs including DIM2BOA‐Glc were significantly lower when ZmWAK‐RLK1 is present. DIM2BOA‐Glc concentration was significantly elevated in ZmWAK‐RLK1 mutants with compromised NCLB resistance. Maize mutants that were affected in overall BXs biosynthesis or content of DIM2BOA‐Glc showed increased NCLB resistance.

We conclude that Htn1‐mediated NCLB resistance is associated with a reduction of BX secondary metabolites. These findings suggest a link between WAK‐mediated quantitative disease resistance and changes in biochemical fluxes starting with indole‐3‐glycerol phosphate.
Sex‐biased gene expression in flowers, but not leaves, reveals secondary sexual dimorphism in Populus balsamifera
Authors: Sanderson Brian J. , Wang Li , Tiffin Peter , Wu Zhiqiang , Olson Matthew S. 
Published: September 2018

Summary

Because sexual dimorphism in plants is often less morphologically conspicuous than in animals, studies of sex‐biased gene expression may provide a quantitative metric to better address their commonality, molecular pathways, consistency across tissues and taxa, and evolution. The presence of sex‐biased gene expression in tissues other than the androecium or gynoecium, termed secondary sexual characters, suggests that these traits arose after the initial evolution of dioecy. Patterns of sequence evolution may provide evidence of positive selection that drove sexual specialization.

We compared gene expression in male and female flowers and leaves of Populus balsamifera to assess the extent of sex‐biased expression, and tested whether sex‐biased genes exhibit elevated rates of protein evolution.

Sex‐biased expression was pervasive in floral tissue, but nearly absent in leaf tissue. Female‐biased genes in flowers were associated with photosynthesis, whereas male‐biased genes were associated with mitochondrial function. Sex‐biased genes did not exhibit elevated rates of protein evolution, contrary to results from other studies in animals and plants.

Our results suggest that the ecological and physiological constraints associated with the energetics of flowering, rather than sexual conflict, have probably shaped the differences in male and female gene expression in P. balsamifera.
Zärtliche Zwänge
Authors: Kleinbeck Johannes 
Published: September 2018

Über nichts streitet Sigmund Freud in den Briefen an seine Verlobte Martha Bernays so erbittert wie über das, was „Zärtlichkeit“ bedeuten soll, wie sie gelebt, geäußert und geteilt werden darf und wie nicht. In ihrer postalischen Auseinandersetzung lässt sich die textuelle Struktur eines Affekts umreißen, deren Widersprüchlichkeit sich nicht zuletzt den unterschiedlichen Bestimmungen verdankt, die der Zärtlichkeit im Christentum, in der aristokratischen Galanterie des siebzehnten und im Bürgertum des achtzehnten Jahrhunderts jeweils zugeschrieben worden sind. Wenn sich die Geschichte der Zärtlichkeit mit Niklas Luhmann als die „Codierung“ oder „Institutionalisierung“ eines Affekts beschreiben lässt, so kann eine Lektüre der sogenannten Brautbriefe ergänzend verdeutlichen, dass jeder Affekt die geschichtlichen Sedimente seiner ihm vorausgehenden Bestimmungen weiter mit sich führt.Mit den daraus resultierenden Ambivalenzen weiß der vor‐psychoanalytische Freud nicht anders umzugehen als sie der Widerspenstigkeit seiner Verlobten zuzuschreiben. Er wird sie zum Anlass eines Erziehungs‐Versuchs nehmen, in dem er Martha Bernays zu einer Affekt‐Ökonomie der Zärtlichkeit zu zwingen sucht, deren Schranken von der Zärtlichkeit selbst fortwährend überschritten werden.
Use of vismodegib for the treatment of multiple basal cell carcinomas in a patient with xeroderma pigmentosum
Authors: Soura Efthymia , Plaka Michaela , Dessinioti Clio , Chasapi Vassiliki , Stefanaki Christina , Antoniou Christina , Stratigos Alexander 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA female patient with xeroderma pigmentosum and multiple basal cell carcinomas was treated with a hedgehog pathway inhibitor (vismodegib), which successfully treated the majority of her basal cell carcinomas while preventing the appearance of new lesions. The sum diameter of lesions showed a 61% decrease after 16.5 months of treatment, although after 18.5 months of treatment, a persistent lesion showed progression and metatypical characteristics; adverse events included persistent alopecia muscle cramps, dysgeusia, and amenorrhea. Despite these limitations, vismodegib may have a role in the treatment of some patients with xeroderma pigmentosum.
Subclinical right ventricular dysfunction in intermittent and persistent mildly asthmatic children on tissue Doppler echocardiography and serum NT‐proBNP: Observational study
Authors: Ozde Cem , Dogru Mahmut , Ozde Şükriye , Kayapinar Osman , Kaya Adnan , Korkmaz Ahmet 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundBronchial asthma may lead to pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, and cor pulmonale due to elevated afterload on the RV later in life. The aim of this study was to determine whether serum N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) might serve as a biomarker for detecting subclinical RV dysfunction using echocardiography during the early stages of bronchial asthma.MethodsSixty‐eight pediatric patients with asthma (asthma group) and 69 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy children (control group) were enrolled. The study was conducted in a tertiary woman and child diseases education and research hospital from January 2013 to December 2013. RV function (2‐D and tissue‐Doppler echocardiography), pulmonary function (spirometry) and serum NT‐proBNP concentration were evaluated.ResultsMean age was 10.5 ± 2.8 years in the asthma group and 10.2 ± 2.7 years in the control group (P = 0.522). RV diastolic function was significantly decreased in the asthma group (ratio of tricuspid lateral annular early diastolic peak velocity to tricuspid lateral annular late diastolic peak velocity [E′/A′], 1.29 ± 0.68 vs 1.74 ± 0.89, P = 0.001). RV myocardial performance index was significantly higher in the asthma group than in the control group (0.28 ± 0.06 vs 0.24 ± 0.07, respectively; P = 0.003). Finally, serum NT‐proBNP concentration was significantly higher in the asthma group than in the control group (292.3 ± 142.2 pg/mL vs 208.2 ± 70.1 pg/mL, respectively; P = 0.003).ConclusionIncreased serum NT‐proBNP is associated with subclinical RV dysfunction in asthmatic children. RV function is significantly affected in children with bronchial asthma.
Early assessment of right ventricular systolic function after pediatric heart transplant
Authors: Harrington Jamie K. , Freud Lindsay R. , Woldu Kristal L. , Joong Anna , Richmond Marc E. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRV systolic function is important early after HT; however, it has not been critically assessed in children using quantitative measures. The aim of this study was to describe the most validated and commonly used quantitative echocardiographic measures of RV systolic function early after pediatric HT and to assess associations with qualitative function evaluation and clinical factors. RV systolic function was quantified on the first post‐HT echocardiogram >24 hours after cardiopulmonary bypass using two‐dimensional TAPSE, Tricuspid annular S’, FAC, and MPI. In 145 patients (median age 7.6 years), quantitative RV systolic function was markedly abnormal: mean TAPSE z‐score −8.43 ± 1.89; S’ z‐score −4.36 ± 1.22; FAC 24.4 ± 8.34%; and MPI 0.86 ± 0.51. Few patients had normal quantitative function: TAPSE (0%), S’ (1.2%), FAC (9.4%), and MPI (28.4%). In contrast, 48.3% were observed as normal by qualitative assessment. Most clinical factors, including diagnosis, pulmonary vascular resistance, posttransplant hemodynamics, inotropic support, and rejection, were not associated with RV function. In this large pediatric HT population, TAPSE, S’, FAC, and MPI were strikingly abnormal early post‐HT despite reassuring qualitative assessment and no significant association with clinical factors. This suggests that the accepted normal values of these quantitative measures may not apply in the early post‐HT period to accurately grade RV systolic function, and there may be utility in adapting a concept of normal reference values after pediatric HT.
Effect of human tubal fluid medium and hyperactivation inducers on stallion sperm capacitation and hyperactivation
Authors: Arroyo‐Salvo Camila , Sanhueza Francisco , Fuentes Fernanda , Treulén Favián , Arias María Elena , Cabrera Paulina , Silva Mauricio , Felmer Ricardo 
Published: September 2018

ContentsConventional in vitro fertilization has not yet been implemented in the equine species. One of the main reasons has been the inability to develop a culture medium and incubation conditions supporting high levels of stallion sperm capacitation and hyperactivation in vitro. Although different culture media have been used for this purpose, human tubal fluid (HTF) medium, widely used in the manipulation of human and mice gametes, has not been reported so far in stallion sperm culture. The first part of this study aimed to compare HTF and Whitten's media on different stallion sperm quality and capacitation variables. Additionally, the effect of procaine, aminopyridine and caffeine in both media was evaluated on sperm motility parameters at different incubation times. Integrity and destabilization of the plasma membrane were evaluated by merocyanine 540/SYTOX Green (MC540), mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm) using tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester perchlorate (TMRM), acrosome membrane integrity by PNA/FITC and tyrosine phosphorylation by P‐tyrosine mouse mAb conjugated to Alexa Fluor® by flow cytometry. Motility parameters were evaluated using the integrated semen analysis system (ISAS®). We found no differences between Whitten's and HTF media and incubation time in terms of sperm viability, uninduced acrosome membrane damage or mitochondrial membrane potential at 30‐ and 120‐min incubation. Membrane fluidity (MC540) increased in both media at 30‐ and 120‐min incubation compared to noncapacitating conditions. Similarly, tyrosine phosphorylation increased in both media in capacitating conditions at 2‐ and 4‐hr incubation compared to noncapacitating conditions. Although procaine showed the best result in terms of sperm hyperactivated motility in both media, aminopyridine also showed parameters consistent with the hyperactivation including an increase in curvilinear velocity and decrease in straightness. In conclusion, HTF medium and aminopyridine equally support capacitation‐related parameters in stallion sperm.
Sociogenomics in the 21st century: An introduction to the history and potential of genetically informed social science
Authors: Braudt David B. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis article reviews research at the intersection of genetics and sociology and provides an introduction to the current data, methods, and theories used in sociogenomic research. To accomplish this, I review behavioral genetics models, candidate gene analysis, genome‐wide complex trait analysis, and the use of polygenic scores (sometimes referred to as polygenic risk scores) in the study of complex human behaviors and traits. The information provided is meant to equip readers with the necessary tools to (a) understand the methodology employed by each type of analysis, (b) intelligently interpret findings from sociogenomic research, and (c) understand the importance of sociologists in the ever‐growing field of sociogenomics. To unify these three tasks, I rely on various examples from recent sociogenomic analyses of educational attainment focusing on social stratification and inequality.
Application of immortalized human erythroid progenitor cell line in serologic tests to detect red blood cell alloantibodies
Authors: Kikuchi Go , Kurita Ryo , Ogasawara Kenichi , Isa Kazumi , Tsuneyama Hatsue , Nakamura Yukio , Yabe Ryuichi , Shiba Masayuki , Tadokoro Kenji , Nagai Tadashi , Satake Masahiro 
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUNDAntibody screening in pretransfusion tests is necessary to avoid critical complications of blood transfusion. Although red blood cells (RBCs) expressing relevant alloantigen(s) have been used for serologic antibody screening, little attention has been given to the use of cell lines, in which blood group antigen gene(s) are transduced, as reagent RBCs for antibody screening.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThe use of an erythroid progenitor cell line for serologic tests was studied. The expression of blood group antigens of erythroid progenitor cells was analyzed by genotyping and flow cytometry. Serologic analysis including hemagglutination was performed using erythroid progenitor cells to evaluate their sensitivity for antibody detection. Overexpression of exogenous erythroid antigen by lentiviral transduction was carried out and investigated for antibody detection sensitivity.RESULTSErythroid progenitor cells contained a substantial amount of hemoglobin and expressed sufficient levels of blood group antigens to detect corresponding monoclonal antibodies. Furthermore, the cell line could acquire an exogenous RBC antigen after lentiviral transduction and detected corresponding monoclonal and alloantibodies with equal sensitivity to antigen‐positive RBCs.CONCLUSIONApplication of erythroid progenitor cell lines for screening for unexpected antibodies could be helpful in solving issues such as reagent availability associated with the conventional RBC‐based assay. The genetic expandability of erythroid progenitor cell lines by gene modification techniques could lead to the development of more convenient reagent RBCs.
Assessing the risk of Babesia to the United States blood supply using a risk‐based decision‐making approach: Report of AABB's Ad Hoc Babesia Policy Working Group (original report)
Authors: Ward Sheila J. , Stramer Susan L. , Szczepiorkowski Zbigniew M. 
Published: September 2018

Recognizing the increasing threat of transfusion‐transmitted babesiosis to the US blood supply, the AABB Board of Directors tasked an Ad Hoc Babesia Policy Working Group (the Working Group) to use the Alliance of Blood Operators' risk‐based decision‐making (RBDM) framework to assess the risks and benefits of introducing Babesia donation testing in the United States. The regional nature of the Babesia microti risk added complexity to the RBDM assessment because of the unique operational and financial considerations for operators and hospitals located in endemic states. Therefore, the assessment considered safety, product availability, sector sustainability, and technology availability.After assessing safety risk, economic and operational impact, reimbursement equity, ethical considerations, and stakeholder feedback from two consultations, the Working Group concluded that a regional approach to donor screening in endemic states was appropriate because it applied the intervention where the risk was highest and appropriately allocated cost to the risk. Nucleic acid testing using a ribosomal RNA template was the recommended intervention because it was the most cost‐effective, resulted in no wasted units, and captured similar numbers of infections as antibody plus DNA‐based polymerase chain reaction. The current model for blood reimbursement was maintained but AABB was encouraged to facilitate collection of data to identify threats to sector sustainability in endemic states. Babesia expansion was acknowledged with a mechanism to regularly reevaluate what are “endemic states.” Finally, given that public awareness of the Babesia threat is the first line of defense, AABB should work with appropriate agencies for general education about the health risk from B. microti.
Influence of multiple reuse and resterilization cycles on the performance of a bipolar vessel sealing device (LigaSure) intended for single use
Authors: Kuvaldina Alexandra , Hayes Galina , Sumner Julia , Behling‐Kelly Erica 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the number of use/cleaning/resterilization cycles that can be safely applied to a vessel sealing device intended for single use (LigaSure).Study designEx vivo study.Sample populationLigaSure Small Jaw handsets (n = 6) and LigaSure Impact handsets (n = 6).MethodsHandsets underwent simulated splenectomy/cleaning/resterilization cycles until failure, defined as leaking vascular seal or blade retraction failure. Functional testing included assessment of vascular seal integrity, handset activation/tissue release, and cutting blade wear/retraction. Vascular seal failure was defined as a leak occurring at <300 mm Hg. Cycles to failure were recorded. Sealed vessels were evaluated by histology at first handset use and failure.ResultsVascular seals created with the Small Jaw handset failed at a mean (95% CI) of 17.2 cycles (9.6‐24.8) and a minimum of 10 cycles. Vascular seals created with the Impact failed at a mean of 20 cycles (18.4‐21.6) and a minimum of 17 cycles. The majority of seal failures (73%; 95% CI 39%‐94%) immediate leaked during vessel filling. The rate of vascular seal failure increased after the initial failure. Failure was associated with histologic disparities in tissue apposition.ConclusionRepeated use and resterilization resulted in failure of the vascular seal due to inadequate tissue apposition after a minimum of 10 cycles.Clinical significanceSurgeons reusing and resterilizing LigaSure handsets (ForceTriad platform) should consider discarding handsets after 9 cycles for the Small Jaw and after 16 cycles for the Impact. Handsets should be immediately discarded after any intraoperative identification of vascular seal failure.
Role of the C‐terminus of SUR in the differential regulation of β‐cell and cardiac KATP channels by MgADP and metabolism
Authors: Vedovato Natascia , Rorsman Olof , Hennis Konstantin , Ashcroft Frances M. , Proks Peter 
Published: September 2018

Key points
β‐Cell KATP channels are partially open in the absence of metabolic substrates, whereas cardiac KATP channels are closed.
Using cloned channels heterologously expressed in Xenopus oocytes we measured the effect of MgADP on the MgATP concentration–inhibition curve immediately after patch excision.
MgADP caused a far more striking reduction in ATP inhibition of Kir6.2/SUR1 channels than Kir6.2/SUR2A channels; this effect declined rapidly after patch excision.
Exchanging the final 42 amino acids of SUR was sufficient to switch the Mg‐nucleotide regulation of Kir6.2/SUR1 and Kir6.2/SUR2A channels, and partially switch their sensitivity to metabolic inhibition.
Deletion of the C‐terminal 42 residues of SUR abolished MgADP activation of both Kir6.2/SUR1 and Kir6.2/SUR2A channels.
We conclude that the different metabolic sensitivity of Kir6.2/SUR1 and Kir6.2/SUR2A channels is at least partially due to their different regulation by Mg‐nucleotides, which is determined by the final 42 amino acids.
AbstractATP‐sensitive potassium (KATP) channels couple the metabolic state of a cell to its electrical activity and play important physiological roles in many tissues. In contrast to β‐cell (Kir6.2/SUR1) channels, which open when extracellular glucose levels fall, cardiac (Kir6.2/SUR2A) channels remain closed. This is due to differences in the SUR subunit rather than cell metabolism. As ATP inhibition and MgADP activation are similar for both types of channels, we investigated channel inhibition by MgATP in the presence of 100 μm MgADP immediately after patch excision [when the channel open probability (PO) is near maximal]. The results were strikingly different: 100 μm MgADP substantially reduced MgATP inhibition of Kir6.2/SUR1, but had no effect on MgATP inhibition of Kir6.2/SUR2A. Exchanging the final 42 residues of SUR2A with that of SUR1 switched the channel phenotype (and vice versa), and deleting this region abolished Mg‐nucleotide activation. This suggests the C‐terminal 42 residues are important for the ability of MgADP to influence ATP inhibition at Kir6.2. This region was also necessary, but not sufficient, for activation of the KATP channel in intact cells by metabolic inhibition (azide). We conclude that the ability of MgADP to impair ATP inhibition at Kir6.2 accounts, in part, for the differential metabolic sensitivities of β‐cell and cardiac KATP channels.
La seguridad del paciente en atención primaria en salud ¿Una actividad que podría quedar en el olvido?
Authors: Moya Sáenz Olga Lucia 
Published: September 2018

La identificación de los riesgos en seguridad del paciente durante la atención primaria en salud habitualmente se realiza de la misma manera que se hace en la gestión clínica hospitalaria, sin tener en cuenta que los riesgos son diferentes. Del mismo modo, en Colombia no existe una política pública ni una directriz normativa sectorial que obligue a los actores del sistema a utilizar instrumento estandarizados, sistematizados para registrar, reportar y analizar los eventos adversos en atención primaria en salud.El gran reto del Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Salud está en prever la política y las herramientas adecuadas para asumir las grandes transformaciones que implica la implementación de la Política de Atención Integral en Salud, con una mirada hacia la atención primaria en salud, con un enfoque hacia la promoción de la salud y la prevención de la enfermedad, entornos que favorezcan la seguridad del paciente durante la prestación de los ser vicios en salud.
Ritual experimental: ¿Humanizando a los inmigrantes o prejuicio utilitario en Europa?
Authors: Pizarro Jose , Telletxea Saioa , Bobowik Magdalena , Zumeta Larraitz 
Published: September 2018

A menudo los inmigrantes y refugiados son representados a través de formas deshumanizantes o como una ganancia económica para los países receptores. Este hecho, sumado a la situación sociopolítica europea actual, puede aumentar los niveles de infrahumanización que sufren las minorías objeto de prejuicio. En este estudio, se propuso reducir la infrahumanización hacia la población magrebí a través de una actividad ritualizada, manipulando la información que los participantes utilizaban. Los resultados indicaron que la participación fue diferente según las condiciones y que se redujo la infrahumanización. Además, los participantes que utilizaron información utilitarista humanizaban cuando percibían una ganancia económica, mientras que también aumentaban sus niveles de prejuicio. Los resultados se discuten en términos de rituales colectivos y efectos duales de la información utilitarista.