bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lysosomal degradation of newly formed insulin granules contributes to β cell failure in diabetes
Authors: Pasquier Adrien , Vivot Kevin , Erbs Eric , Spiegelhalter Coralie , Zhang Zhirong , Aubert Victor , Liu Zengzhen , Senkara Meryem , Maillard Elisa , Pinget Michel , Kerr-Conte Julie , Pattou François , Marciniak Gilbert , Ganzhorn Axel , Ronchi Paolo , Schieber Nicole L. , Schwab Yannick , Saftig Paul , Goginashvili Alexander , Ricci Romeo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCompromised function of insulin-secreting pancreatic β cells is central to the development and progression of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). However, the mechanisms underlying β cell failure remain incompletely understood. Here, we report that metabolic stress markedly enhances macroautophagy-independent lysosomal degradation of nascent insulin granules. In different model systems of diabetes including of human origin, stress-induced nascent granule degradation (SINGD) contributes to loss of insulin along with mammalian/mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR)-dependent suppression of macroautophagy. Expression of Protein Kinase D (PKD), a negative regulator of SINGD, is reduced in diabetic β cells. Pharmacological activation of PKD counters SINGD and delays the onset of T2D. Conversely, inhibition of PKD exacerbates SINGD, mitigates insulin secretion and accelerates diabetes. Finally, reduced levels of lysosomal tetraspanin CD63 prevent SINGD, leading to increased insulin secretion. Overall, our findings implicate aberrant SINGD in the pathogenesis of diabetes and suggest new therapeutic strategies to prevent β cell failure.
Lateral dispersion is required for circuit integration of newly generated dentate granule cells
Authors: Wang Jia , Shen Jia , Kirschen Gregory W. , Gu Yan , Jessberger Sebastian , Ge Shaoyu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe process of circuit integration of newly-generated dentate granule cells of the hippocampus has been presumed to be a dynamic process. In fact, little is known regarding the initial development of newly generated neurons prior to circuit integration and the significance of this stage for circuit integration. Here, using advanced live imaging methods, we systematically analyze the dynamic dispersion of newly generated neurons in the neurogenic zone and observe that cells that are physically adjacent coordinate their lateral dispersion. Whole-cell recordings of adjacent newly generated neurons reveal that they are coupled via gap junctions. The dispersion of newly generated cells in the neurogenic zone is restricted when this coupling is disrupted, which severely impairs their subsequent integration into the hippocampal circuit. The results of this study reveal that the dynamic dispersion of newly generated dentate granule cells in the neurogenic zone is a required developmental stage for circuit integration.
Bioinspired lipoproteins-mediated photothermia remodels tumor stroma to improve cancer cell accessibility of second nanoparticles
Authors: Tan Tao , Hu Haiyan , Wang Hong , Li Jie , Wang Zhiwan , Wang Jing , Wang Siling , Zhang Zhiwen , Li Yaping 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe tumor stromal microenvironments (TSM) including stromal cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) form an abominable barrier hampering nanoparticles accessibility to cancer cells, significantly compromising their antitumor effects. Herein, we report a bioinspired lipoprotein (bLP) that can induce efficient photothermia to remodel TSM and improve second bLP accessibility to cancer cells for antitumor therapy. The multiple stromal cells and ECM components in TSM are remarkably disrupted by bLP-mediated photothermal effects, which cause a 4.27-fold enhancement of second bLP accumulation in tumor, deep penetration in whole tumor mass and 27.0-fold increase of accessibility to cancer cells. Of note, this bLP-mediated TSM-remodeling to enhance cancer cell accessibility (TECA) strategy produces an eminent suppression of tumor growth and results in a 97.4% inhibition of lung metastasis, which is superior to the counterpart liposomes. The bLP-mediated TECA strategy provides deeper insights into enhancing nanoparticle accessibility to cancer cells for antitumor therapy.
The Salmonella virulence protein MgtC promotes phosphate uptake inside macrophages
Authors: Choi Soomin , Choi Eunna , Cho Yong-Joon , Nam Daesil , Lee Jangwoo , Lee Eun-Jin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe MgtC virulence protein from the intracellular pathogen Salmonella enterica is required for its intramacrophage survival and virulence in mice and this requirement of MgtC is conserved in several intracellular pathogens including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Despite its critical role in survival within macrophages, only a few molecular targets of the MgtC protein have been identified. Here, we report that MgtC targets PhoR histidine kinase and activates phosphate transport independently of the available phosphate concentration. A single amino acid substitution in PhoR prevents its binding to MgtC, thus abrogating MgtC-mediated phosphate transport. Surprisingly, the removal of MgtC’s effect on the ability to transport phosphate renders Salmonella hypervirulent and decreases a non-replicating population inside macrophages, indicating that MgtC-mediated phosphate transport is required for normal Salmonella pathogenesis. This provides an example of a virulence protein directly activating a pathogen’s phosphate transport inside host.
Solution-processed nanographene distributed feedback lasers
Authors: Bonal Víctor , Muñoz-Mármol Rafael , Gordillo Gámez Fernando , Morales-Vidal Marta , Villalvilla José M. , Boj Pedro G. , Quintana José A. , Gu Yanwei , Wu Jishan , Casado Juan , Díaz-García María A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe chemical synthesis of nanographene molecules constitutes the bottom-up approach toward graphene, simultaneously providing rational chemical design, structure-property control and exploitation of their semiconducting and luminescence properties. Here, we report nanographene-based lasers from three zigzag-edged polycyclic aromatics. The devices consist of a passive polymer film hosting the nanographenes and a top-layer polymeric distributed feedback resonator. Both the active material and the laser resonator are processed from solution, key for the purpose of obtaining low-cost devices with mechanical flexibility. The prepared lasers show narrow linewidth ( < 0.13 nm) emission at different spectral regions covering a large segment of the visible spectrum, and up to the vicinity of the near-infrared. They show outstandingly long operational lifetimes (above 105 pump pulses) and very low thresholds. These results represent a significant step forward in the field of graphene and broaden its versatility in low-cost devices implying light emission, such as lasers.
Delta-like 1-mediated cis-inhibition of Jagged1/2 signalling inhibits differentiation of human epidermal cells in culture
Authors: Negri Victor A. , Logtenberg Meike E. W. , Renz Lisa M. , Oules Bénédicte , Walko Gernot , Watt Fiona M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEpidermal homeostasis depends on a balance between self-renewal of stem cells and terminal differentiation of their progeny. Notch signalling is known to play a role in epidermal stem cell patterning and differentiation. However, the molecular mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here we demonstrate dynamic patterns of Notch ligand and receptor expression in cultured human epidermis. Notch2 and 3 act together to promote differentiation, while Notch1 decreases stem cell proliferation. The Notch ligand Jagged1 triggers differentiation when presented on an adhesive substrate or on polystyrene beads and over-rides the differentiation inhibitory effect of cell spreading. In contrast, Delta-like 1 (Dll1) overexpression abrogates the pro-differentiation effect of Jagged1 in a cell autonomous fashion. We conclude that Dll1 expression by stem cells not only stimulates differentiation of neighbouring cells in trans, but also inhibits differentiation cell autonomously. These results highlight the distinct roles of different Notch receptors and ligands in controlling epidermal homeostasis.
GRP78 translocation to the cell surface and O-GlcNAcylation of VE-Cadherin contribute to ER stress-mediated endothelial permeability
Authors: Lenin Raji , Nagy Peter G. , Jha Kumar Abhiram , Gangaraju Rajashekhar 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIncreased O-GlcNAcylation, a well-known post-translational modification of proteins causally linked to various detrimental cellular functions in pathological conditions including diabetic retinopathy (DR). Previously we have shown that endothelial activation induced by inflammation and hyperglycemia results in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated intercellular junction alterations accompanied by visual deficits in a tie2-TNF-α transgenic mouse model. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that increased ER stress via O-GlcNAcylation of VE-Cadherin likely contribute to endothelial permeability. We show that ER stress leads to GRP78 translocation to the plasma membrane, increased O-GlcNAcylation of proteins, particularly VE-Cadherin resulting in a defective complex partnering leading to the loss of retinal endothelial barrier integrity and increased transendothelial migration of monocytes. We further show an association of GRP78 with the VE-Cadherin under these conditions. Interestingly, cells exposed to ER stress inhibitor, tauroursodeoxycholic acid partially mitigated all these effects. Our findings suggest an essential role for ER stress and O-GlcNAcylation in altering the endothelial barrier function and reveal a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of DR.
Orai1 inhibitor STIM2β regulates myogenesis by controlling SOCE dependent transcriptional factors
Authors: Kim Kyu Min , Rana Anshul , Park Chan Young 
Published: July 2019

AbstractStore-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), the fundamental Ca2+ signaling mechanism in myogenesis, is mediated by stromal interaction molecule (STIM), which senses the depletion of endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ stores and induces Ca2+ influx by activating Orai channels in the plasma membrane. Recently, STIM2β, an eight-residue-inserted splice variant of STIM2, was found to act as an inhibitor of SOCE. Although a previous study demonstrated an increase in STIM2β splicing during in vitro differentiation of skeletal muscle, the underlying mechanism and detailed function of STIM2β in myogenesis remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the function of STIM2β in myogenesis using the C2C12 cell line with RNA interference-mediated knockdown and CRISPR-Cas-mediated knockout approaches. Deletion of STIM2β delayed myogenic differentiation through the MEF2C and NFAT4 pathway in C2C12 cells. Further, loss of STIM2β increased cell proliferation by altering Ca2+ homeostasis and inhibited cell cycle arrest mediated by the cyclin D1-CDK4 degradation pathway. Thus, this study identified a previously unknown function of STIM2β in myogenesis and improves the understanding of how cells effectively regulate the development process via alternative splicing.
Abrupt Holocene climate shifts in coastal East Asia, including the 8.2 ka, 4.2 ka, and 2.8 ka BP events, and societal responses on the Korean peninsula
Authors: Park Jungjae , Park Jinheum , Yi Sangheon , Cheul Kim Jin , Lee Eunmi , Choi Jieun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHolocene abrupt cooling events have long attracted attention in academia due to public concern that similar rapid changes may reappear in the near future. Thus, considerable progress has been made toward understanding these short-term cooling events in the Northern Hemisphere, particularly in Europe and North America. However, few relevant studies have been conducted in coastal East Asia due to a lack of undisturbed sample materials appropriate for paleoclimate studies. In this study, we examined Holocene abrupt drying events and the Holocene climate optimum (HCO) based on a new high-resolution multi-proxy record (pollen, mean grain size, total organic carbon, carbon/nitrogen ratio) from the south coast of Korea. Possible cultural impacts of the events were also explored using summed probability distributions (SPDs) of archaeological radiocarbon dates. Our arboreal pollen percentage (AP) data clearly indicated drying events centered at 9.8 ka, 9.2 ka, 8.2 ka, 4.7 ka, 4.2 ka, 3.7 ka, 3.2 ka, 2.8 ka, and 2.4 ka BP. The AP data also indicated that forests were severely damaged by a two-step successive drying event during the period from 8.4 ka to 8 ka BP and that the HCO lasted from ca. 7.6 ka to ca. 4.8 ka BP. According to the results of a correlation analysis, climate variations on the Korean peninsula were possibly controlled by shifts in western tropical Pacific (WTP) sea surface temperatures during the past ~5500 years. Simultaneous declines in the SPDs and AP from 2.8 ka to 2.3 ka BP may reflect a demographic reduction attributable to rapid climate deterioration on the peninsula. Refugee agriculturalists might have immigrated to Japan and developed the Yayoi culture. In this study, the 2.8 ka event and its societal impact are recognized clearly for the first time in coastal East Asia.
VO2(B) nanobelts/reduced graphene oxide composites for high-performance flexible all-solid-state supercapacitors
Authors: Lv Weifeng , Yang Can , Meng Ge , Zhao Ruifeng , Han Aijuan , Wang Rong , Liu Junfeng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractVanadium oxide has attracted extensive attention for electrochemical capacitors due to its wide range of versatility. However, due to the relative poor conductivity and chemical stability of vanadium oxide, severe losses of capacitance often occur during charge and discharge processes. Herein, a free-standing vanadium dioxide (VO2(B)) nanobelts/reduced graphene oxide (VO2/rGO) composite film was fabricated by assembly of VO2(B) nanobelts and rGO for supercapacitors. The flexible rGO sheets and VO2(B) nanobelts intertwined together to form a porous framework, which delivered a 353 F g−1 specific capacitance at 1 A g−1, and after 500 cycles, the specific capacitance retention rate was 80% due to the enhanced conductivity of the VO2(B) nanobelts by rGO and increased transport of ions and electrons by the porous structures. An all-solid-state symmetrical supercapacitor was assembled from the VO2/rGO composites, which exhibited good energy storage performance with a maximum voltage of 1.6 V. The maximum power density is 7152 W kg−1 at the energy density of 3.13 W h kg−1, ranking as one of the highest power densities for reported materials. In addition, after 10000 cycles, it still has a specific capacitance retention rate of 78% at 10 A g−1.
Inducible orthogonal aminoacylation demonstrates that charging is required for mitochondrial tRNA import in Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Huot Jonathan L. , Shikha Shikha , Schneider André 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOrthogonal aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase/tRNA pairs have emerged as powerful means of site-specifically introducing non-standard amino acids into proteins in vivo. Using amino acids with crosslinking moieties this method allows the identification of transient protein-protein interactions. Here we have introduced a previously characterized evolved tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase/suppressor tRNATyr pair from E. coli into the parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma brucei. Upon addition of a suitable non-standard amino acid the suppressor tRNATyr was charged and allowed translation of a green fluorescent protein whose gene contained a nonsense mutation. - T. brucei is unusual in that its mitochondrion lacks tRNA genes indicating that all its organellar tRNAs are imported from the cytosol. Expression of the bacterial tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase in our system is tetracycline-inducible. We have therefore used it to demonstrate that cytosolic aminoacylation of the suppressor tRNATyr induces its import into the mitochondrion.
Evaluating link prediction by diffusion processes in dynamic networks
Authors: Vega-Oliveros Didier A. , Zhao Liang , Berton Lilian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLink prediction (LP) permits to infer missing or future connections in a network. The network organization defines how information spreads through the nodes. In turn, the spreading may induce changes in the connections and speed up the network evolution. Although many LP methods have been reported in the literature, as well some methodologies to evaluate them as a classification task or ranking problem, none have systematically investigated the effects on spreading and the structural network evolution. Here, we systematic analyze LP algorithms in a framework concerning: (1) different diffusion process – Epidemics, Information, and Rumor models; (2) which LP method most improve the spreading on the network by the addition of new links; (3) the structural properties of the LP-evolved networks. From extensive numerical simulations with representative existing LP methods on different datasets, we show that spreading improve in evolved scale-free networks with lower shortest-path and structural holes. We also find that properties like triangles, modularity, assortativity, or coreness may not increase the propagation. This work contributes as an overview of LP methods and network evolution and can be used as a practical guide of LP methods selection and evaluation in terms of computational cost, spreading capacity and network structure.
Analysis and experimental investigation of a subwavelength phased parallel-plate waveguide array for manipulation of electromagnetic waves
Authors: Palm Dominic , Dang Zinching , Rahm Marco 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPhase-gradient metasurfaces can be designed to manipulate electromagnetic waves according to the generalized Snell’s law. Here, we show that a phased parallel-plate waveguide array (PPWA) can be devised to act in the same manner as a phase-gradient metasurface. We derive an analytic model that describes the wave propagation in the PPWA and calculate both the angle and amplitude distribution of the diffracted waves. The analytic model provides an intuitive understanding of the diffraction from the PPWA. We verify the (semi-)analytically calculated angle and amplitude distribution of the diffracted waves by numerical 3-D simulations and experimental measurements in a microwave goniometer.
Chiral spin ordering of electron gas in solids with broken time reversal symmetry
Authors: Denisov K. S. , Rozhansky I. V. , Averkiev N. S. , Lähderanta E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this work we manifest that an electrostatic disorder in conducting systems with broken time reversal symmetry universally leads to a chiral ordering of the electron gas giving rise to skyrmion-like textures in spatial distribution of the electron spin density. We describe a microscopic mechanism underlying the formation of the equilibrium chiral spin textures in two-dimensional systems with spin-orbit interaction and exchange spin splitting. We have obtained analytical expressions for spin-density response functions and have analyzed both local and non-local spin response to electrostatic perturbations for systems with parabolic-like and Dirac electron spectra. With the proposed theory we come up with a concept of controlling spin chirality by electrical means.
Growth of single-crystalline Bi2Te3 hexagonal nanoplates with and without single nanopores during temperature-controlled solvothermal synthesis
Authors: Hosokawa Yuichi , Tomita Koji , Takashiri Masayuki 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) is a promising thermoelectric material for applications near room temperature. To increase the thermoelectric performance of this material, its dimensions and thermal transport should be decreased. Two-dimensional nanoplates with nanopores are an ideal structure because thermal transport is disrupted by nanopores. We prepared Bi2Te3 nanoplates with single nanopores by a solvothermal synthesis and investigated their structural and crystallographic properties. The nanoplates synthesized at a lower reaction temperature (190 °C) developed single nanopores (approximately 20 nm in diameter), whereas the nanoplates synthesized at a higher reaction temperature (200 °C) did not have nanopores. A crystal growth mechanism is proposed based on the experimental observations.
Binary Stokes vector representation of aircraft in the low‐resolution radar context
Authors: Aldhubaib Faisal 
Published: July 2019

This study proposes a low‐band scheme utilising the polarisation dominance of the target's resonance regions in the frequency domain to recognise a fighter‐sized aircraft. The methodology implements a binary decision tree based on three polarisation power terms, namely Stokes variables, to determine the polarisation dominance of six directions, and subsequently, predict the canonical shape of the target substructures. The decision tree comprises three inequalities of the Stokes variables subject to an orthogonality threshold to reflect the dominant polarisation directions as a function of the target resonance region. The simulation data for two fighter‐sized aircraft illustrate the feasibility of the method by comparing the differences (or similarity) in the target decision outcomes. The results indicate that resonance‐scattering region lies within the frequency band of 9–200 MHz where thin‐wedge scattering is prominent within the frequency band of 9–30 MHz, whereas the corner (dihedral) scattering becomes dominant within the band of 110–170 MHz, mainly when the radar illuminates the target sides aspect. The method was robust to the noise and target aspect change using the paradigms of the MIG29 and F16 aircraft models.
Nierenregeneration
Authors: Gohlisch Christopher , Markus van der Giet 
Published: July 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Prävalenz der terminalen Niereninsuffizienz ist progredient. Bisherige Therapien bezogen sich auf die Therapie der Grunderkrankung, eine Nierenersatztherapie oder eine Nierentransplantation. Eine Ergänzung hierzu bietet die aktuelle Forschung zur Nierenregeneration, die auf Erkenntnissen der Embryologie und der Regeneration spezifischer Zellen in den unterschiedlichen Nierensegmenten beruht. Die Regeneration der Niere wird durch verschiedene Mechanismen beeinflusst. Das Immunsystem nimmt dabei eine wichtige Rolle ein und kann therapeutisch beeinflusst werden. Auch Stammzellen können zur regenerativen Therapie genutzt werden und ermöglichen mittlerweile sogar die Bildung von Organoiden.
Outcome Analysis of Upper versus Lower Cervical Spine Injuries
Authors: Singh Deepak Kumar , Chhabra Anuj , Kumar Rakesh , Ahmad Faran , Yadav Kuldeep , Kaif Mohammad 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Back Ground/Objective Cervical spine injuries are considered to be a major trauma and classified in various types. They are associated with various neurologic deficits and mortality rates. They account for 50 to 75% of all spine injuries. Various studies are associated with outcome of spinal cord injuries. Our aim was to analyze outcome of upper and lower cervical spine injuries.
Study Design It was a retrospective study in all traumatic cervical spine injuries in all age groups at our center during the past 3 years.
Method All cases operated in the past 3 years at our center were taken up for study. Initial hospital records were reviewed. Patients will be divided into two groups on the basis of anatomic level upper (C1 and C2) and lower (C3 or below) cervical spine. Outcomes were analyzed on criteria of demography, mechanism of injury, preoperative neurologic status, involvement of respiratory system, and time of surgery following injury.
Result tatically significant test was applied for analysis of outcome of cervical spine injury based on aforementioned criteria.
Conclusion In this study, survival rates of patients with upper and lower cervical spine injuries were calculated on the basis of mechanism of injury, preoperative neurologic status, respiratory involvement, and time of surgery following injury. Operative treatment of lower cervical injury was better associated with an improved outcome than upper cervical spine injuries. Further prospective study is required for better assessment.