bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BMI Trajectories from Birth to Young Adulthood
Authors: McGinty Shannon M. , Osganian Stavroula K. , Feldman Henry A. , Milliren Carly E. , Field Alison E. , Richmond Tracy K. 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare BMI trajectories from childhood to early adulthood in those with overweight and/or obesity versus severe obesity.MethodsLongitudinal BMI values (2,542 measurements) were calculated from measured heights and weights for 103 children, adolescents, or young adults with overweight, obesity, or severe obesity. Segmented regression with splines was used to model BMI trajectories.ResultsSixty‐nine participants were classified as ever having severe obesity versus 34 who never had severe obesity. Trajectories and slopes did not differ by sex or race/ethnicity. Compared with those who never had severe obesity, BMI was higher in the group with severe obesity at all ages, and BMI slope was higher for those with severe obesity at age 14 (P = 0.002), with peak slope occurring later (18 years vs. 16 years) and higher (4.5 ± 0.5 kg/m2/y vs. 2.9 ± 0.5 kg/m2/y; P < 0.02). In the group without severe obesity, BMI fell below zero by the mid‐20s (−0.3 ± 0.6 kg/m2/y); in those with severe obesity, BMI slope never reached zero (0.9 ± 0.5 kg/m2/y).ConclusionsYouth with severe obesity, compared with their peers without, started with higher BMIs, had more rapid rates of BMI increase beginning at age 14, as well as a higher peak and longer period of increase, and never achieved weight stabilization.
Moderate Weight Loss Improves Body Composition and Metabolic Function in Metabolically Unhealthy Lean Subjects
Authors: Chooi Yu Chung , Ding Cherlyn , Chan Zhiling , Choo John , Sadananthan Suresh Anand , Michael Navin , Lee Yijun , Velan S. Sendhil , Magkos Faidon 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveIndividuals who have “metabolically obese normal weight” (MONW) have an increased risk for cardiometabolic disease. Moderate weight loss has multiple benefits in people with obesity, but its effects in lean people are unknown. Thus, the effects of diet‐induced 5% weight loss on body composition and metabolic function in MONW subjects were evaluated.MethodsTotal body fat, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SAT) volumes, intrahepatic and intramyocellular lipid contents, insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic clamp), glucose tolerance, and postprandial insulin secretion and clearance rates (mixed meal with minimal modeling) were measured before and after 4.8% ± 0.5% weight loss in 11 MONW Asians (48 ± 3 years old, six men and five women, BMI 22.7 ± 0.4 kg/m2).ResultsWeight loss decreased total fat mass by ∼9%, VAT and SAT volumes by ∼11% and ∼17%, respectively, and intrahepatic fat by ∼50% (all P < 0.05). Fasting plasma insulin, triglyceride, and total low‐ and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were also reduced (P < 0.05). Insulin sensitivity indexes (M‐value and M/I ratio) increased by 21% to 26% (both P < 0.05); β‐cell responsivity and postprandial insulin secretion rate did not change, but insulin clearance rate increased by 16% (P < 0.05).ConclusionsDiet‐induced moderate weight loss improves body composition, lipid profile, and insulin sensitivity and thereby reduces cardiometabolic risk in MONW Asians.
Short‐ and Long‐Term Changes in Health‐Related Quality of Life with Weight Loss: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Pearl Rebecca L. , Wadden Thomas A. , Tronieri Jena Shaw , Berkowitz Robert I. , Chao Ariana M. , Alamuddin Naji , Leonard Sharon M. , Carvajal Raymond , Bakizada Zayna M. , Pinkasavage Emilie , Gruber Kathryn A. , Walsh Olivia A. , Alfaris Nasreen 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine the effects of weight loss and weight loss maintenance (WLM) on weight‐specific health‐related quality of life in a 66‐week trial.MethodsAdults with obesity (N = 137, 86.1% female, 68.6% black, mean age = 46.1 years) who had lost ≥ 5% of initial weight in a 14‐week intensive lifestyle intervention/low‐calorie diet (LCD) program were randomly assigned to lorcaserin or placebo for an additional 52‐week WLM program. The Impact of Weight on Quality of Life‐Lite (IWQOL‐Lite) scale (including five subscales), Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (depression), and Perceived Stress Scale were administered at the start of the 14‐week LCD program, randomization, and week 52 of the randomized controlled trial (i.e., 66 weeks total).ResultsSignificant improvements in all outcomes, except weight‐related public distress, were found following the 14‐week LCD program (P values < 0.05). Improvements were largely maintained during the 52‐week randomized controlled trial, despite weight regain of 2.0 to 2.5 kg across treatment groups. Participants who lost ≥ 10% of initial weight achieved greater improvements in physical function, self‐esteem, sexual life, and the IWQOL‐Lite total score than those who lost < 5% and did not differ from those who lost 5% to 9.9%.ConclusionsImprovements in weight‐specific health‐related quality of life were achieved with moderate weight loss and were sustained during WLM.
Risk factors for fetal death after radiofrequency ablation for complicated monochorionic twin pregnancies
Authors: Sun Luming , Zou Gang , Yang Yingjun , Zhou Fenhe , Tao Duan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveRadiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a management alternative for complicated monochorionic twin pregnancies. The purpose of this study is to evaluate risk factors for fetal death after RFA.MethodsAn observational study was performed to document the perinatal outcomes of all cases undergoing fetal reduction using RFA from 2010 to 2016 at the Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital. A multiple regression model was built to identify predictors of the death of the remaining fetus after RFA.ResultsA total of 183 patients treated with RFA for fetal reduction were analyzed, including 53 selective intrauterine growth restriction, 35 twin‐twin transfusion syndrome, 36 dichorionic triamniotic triplets, 24 monochorionic twins discordant for fetal anomaly, and 35 twin reversed arterial perfusion. The prevalence of fetal death after RFA was 23% (43:183). The occurrence of fetal death after RFA was independently associated with more than 2 cycles of RFA coagulation (OR 3.46; 95% CI, 1.34‐8.94; P = .01).ConclusionMore than 2 cycles of RFA coagulation is the only independent risk factors of fetal death after RFA.
A silicon‐labelled amino acid suitable for late‐stage fluorination and unexpected oxidative cleavage reactions in the preparation of a key intermediate in the Strecker synthesis
Authors: Scroggie Kymberley R. , Alcock Lisa J. , Matos Maria J. , Bernardes Gonçalo J. L. , Perkins Michael V. , Chalker Justin M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA novel silicon‐substituted phenylalanine derivative was prepared using the Strecker amino acid synthesis. An unexpected oxidative cleavage was observed in the preparation of the aldehyde required for the Strecker reaction. In this step, a homobenzylic alcohol intermediate was oxidatively cleaved to the corresponding benzaldehyde using either chromium or palladium based oxidants. This undesired side reaction was overcome through the use of Dess‐Martin Periodinane, or through an efficient TEMPO‐bleach oxidation. The amino acid prepared in this study was then labelled with fluoride in aqueous solvent using a range of fluoride sources. The efficiency of this labelling motivates future studies in late‐stage fluorination of peptide and protein therapeutics for use in positron emission tomography.
Can social support buffer the association between depression and suicidal ideation in adolescent boys and girls?
Authors: Fredrick Stephanie Secord , Demaray Michelle K. , Malecki Christine K. , Dorio Nicole B. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe purpose of the current study is to investigate social support (from parents, classmates, teachers, and close friends) as a protective factor in the association between depression and suicidal ideation. Data on students’ levels of social support, depression, and suicidal ideation were collected from 399 9th‐grade students using the Child and Adolescent Social Support Scale (CASSS), the Children's Depression Inventory, 2nd Edition Short Version (CDI 2), and the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire ‐ Junior Version (SIQ‐JR). Results of hierarchical linear regressions indicated parent, classmate, and close friend social support buffered the association between depression and suicidal ideation. Close friend social support as a buffer appeared to be more robust for girls. Implications concerning these findings are discussed.
Optimization‐based adaptive sliding mode control with application to vehicle dynamics control
Authors: Ferrara Antonella , Incremona Gian Paolo , Regolin Enrico 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThis paper presents the design of a new adaptive optimization‐based second‐order sliding mode control algorithm for uncertain nonlinear systems. It is designed on the basis of a second‐order sliding mode control with optimal reaching, with the aim of reducing the control effort while maintaining all the positive aspects in terms of finite‐time convergence and robustness in front of matched uncertainties. These features are beneficial to guarantee good performance in case of vehicle dynamics control, a crucial topic in the light of the increasing demand of semiautonomous and autonomous driving capabilities in commercial vehicles. The new proposal is theoretically analyzed, as well as verified relying on an extensive comparative study, carried out on a realistic simulator of a 4‐wheeled vehicle, in the case of a lateral stability control system.
Tributyltin reduces the levels of serum adiponectin and activity of AKT and induces metabolic syndrome in male mice
Authors: Yan Haotian , Guo Hao , Cheng Dong , Kou Ruirui , Zhang Cuili , Si Jiliang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTributyltin (TBT), a proven environmental obesogen, functions as a nanomolar agonist of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor‐γ (PPARγ). However, the adverse effects of TBT on metabolism are incompletely understood. In this study, male ICR mice were administered TBT (5 and 50 μg·kg–1) by an intraperitoneal injection once every 3 days for 30 days from 28 days of age and bred for another 30 days after the last administration of TBT. We analyzed the effects of these exposures on the fat depot weights, serum lipid profile, serum leptin and adiponectin, hepatic lipid accumulation, and activity of AKT in the liver and skeletal muscle isolated from mice 8 mins after receiving an insulin injection. Pubertal exposure to TBTCl resulted in a higher body weight, increased epididymal and liver fat accumulation, hyperlipidemia, an elevated low‐density lipoprotein/high‐density lipoprotein ratio, serum adiponectin deficiency, worse glucose tolerance, and lower insulin‐dependent AKT phosphorylation in the liver and muscle in mice. These results showed that TBT exposure induced peripheral insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in mice.
Apodemus mice as the main prey that determines reproductive output of tawny owl (Strix aluco) in Central Europe
Authors: Luka Václav , Riegert Jan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDuring the years 2008–2014, we studied diet composition, the number of breeding pairs, and reproductive output of tawny owls in Central Europe (Czech Republic) in relation to availability of main prey in the field. We also performed a meta‐analysis on diet composition of tawny owl in Europe that confirmed the important role of Apodemus mice in tawny owl diet in Central Europe. In concordance, Apodemus mice were the main prey of tawny owl in our study area (38.7%), and Microtus/Myodes voles (15.4%), birds (12.1%) and others (33.8%) were alternative prey. We found a positive relationship between the proportion of Apodemus mice in the diet and their abundance in the field (beta = 0.23, P = 0.001). Availability of main prey (Apodemus mice, Microtus/Myodes voles or Sorex shrews) in the field was not correlated with the number of breeding pairs. Proportion of birds in diet (expressed by scores from multivariate analysis), which was inversely related to proportion of Apodemus mice, was positively correlated with laying date (beta = 0.66, P = 0.012) and negatively correlated with clutch size (beta = − 0.45, P = 0.004) and brood size (beta = − 0.16, P = 0.076). We also found negative relationships between laying date and clutch size (beta = − 0.13, P = 0.014) and brood size (beta = − 0.07, P = 0.057). Our results support the idea that diet and breeding ecology of owls in Central Europe is mainly driven by the availability of Apodemus mice that are suitable prey due to their similar habitat requirements and nocturnal activity.
“I Feel It In My Heart When My Parents Fight”: Experiences of 7–9-Year-Old Children of Alcoholics
Authors: Tinnfält Agneta , Fröding Karin , Larsson Madelene , Dalal Koustuv 
Published: April 2018

AbstractChildren are vulnerable when exposed to parental alcohol abuse. Although much is known about children of alcoholics (COA), research examining the experiences of younger COA is scarce. To gain knowledge of the consequences for these children, it is important to ask the children themselves. This study explored the consequences for a child of having an alcoholic parent, from the point of view of 7–9-year-old COA. Eighteen children were interviewed, whose alcoholic parent was undergoing treatment, using a vignette. In the analysis, using qualitative content analysis, the findings show that the children of this young age had much experiences and took a great responsibility for their alcoholic parent, and the family. The most significant feeling of the children was a feeling of sadness. They tried to control the situation in different ways. They wished for a change in the future, but despite problems in the family they described things they did together with a loving parent. Implications include the importance of listening to and supporting all COA, also children as young as 7–9 years old. Further studies should address the support that can and should be offered to COA.
Participating in Research Symposia: Tales of Reinscription, Disruption, and Inclusivity
Authors: Birdsall Sally , White Peta 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHaving participated in both the New Zealand Association for Environmental Education (NZAEE) and Australian Association for Environmental Education (AAEE) Research Symposia of 2016, the authors provide a critical analysis of the opportunities provided during these symposia for researchers to position themselves within the environmental education field. Each symposium is analysed in terms of its purpose and program structure, and the opportunities for researchers to communicate and share their ideas, build their research community, and frame their field. It was found that there were spaces for researchers to reinscribe the structures and practices of the environmental education field, but less space for its disruption. Furthermore, it seemed that there were some voices from the edge who were unintentionally silenced to some degree; for example, emerging researchers, women, and Indigenous people. It is recommended that symposia organisers and delegates give careful consideration to these spaces for disruption and to inclusivity when planning and attending future symposia.
Experimental investigation of heat transport in homogeneous bubbly flow
Authors: Gvozdić Biljana , Alméras Elise , Mathai Varghese , Zhu Xiaojue , van Gils Dennis P. M. , Verzicco Roberto , Huisman Sander G. , Sun Chao , Lohse Detlef 
Published: April 2018

We present results on the global and local characterisation of heat transport in homogeneous bubbly flow. Experimental measurements were performed with and without the injection of ${\sim}2.5~\text{mm}$ diameter bubbles (corresponding to bubble Reynolds number $Re_{b}\approx 600$) in a rectangular water column heated from one side and cooled from the other. The gas volume fraction $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$ was varied in the range 0 %–5 %, and the Rayleigh number $Ra_{H}$ in the range $4.0\times 10^{9}{-}1.2\times 10^{11}$. We find that the global heat transfer is enhanced up to 20 times due to bubble injection. Interestingly, for bubbly flow, for our lowest concentration $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}=0.5\,\%$ onwards, the Nusselt number $\overline{Nu}$ is nearly independent of $Ra_{H}$, and depends solely on the gas volume fraction $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$. We observe the scaling $\overline{Nu}\,\propto \,\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}^{0.45}$, which is suggestive of a diffusive transport mechanism, as found by Alméras et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 776, 2015, pp. 458–474). Through local temperature measurements, we show that the bubbles induce a huge increase in the strength of liquid temperature fluctuations, e.g. by a factor of 200 for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}=0.9\,\%$. Further, we compare the power spectra of the temperature fluctuations for the single- and two-phase cases. In the single-phase cases, most of the spectral power of the temperature fluctuations is concentrated in the large-scale rolls/motions. However, with the injection of bubbles, we observe intense fluctuations over a wide range of scales, extending up to very high frequencies. Thus, while in the single-phase flow the thermal boundary layers control the heat transport, once the bubbles are injected, the bubble-induced liquid agitation governs the process from a very small bubble concentration onwards. Our findings demonstrate that the mixing induced by high Reynolds number bubbles ($Re_{b}\approx 600$) offers a powerful mechanism for heat transport enhancement in natural convection systems.
Defining Atheism and the Burden of Proof
Authors: Malik Shoaib Ahmed 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this paper I demonstrate how certain contemporary atheists have problematically conflatedatheismwithagnosticism(knowingly or unknowingly). The first type of conflation issemantic fusion, where the lack of belief in God is combined with the outright denial of God, under the single label of ‘atheism’. The second ismorphological fissionwhich involves the separation of atheism into two subcategories where lack of belief in God is labelled asnegativeatheism and outright denial of God aspositiveatheism – and while here they are more explicitly demarcated, they are still positioned under the broad notion of atheism. I argue in this paper that atheism should be better used as thepropositional denialof God and thatuncertaintyandunknowability about Godshould be reserved to characterise agnosticism. Conflating these positions under the single term ‘atheism’ mischaracterises agnostics and inflates the territory of atheists. In clarifying these terms, I review how the nuances in the prefixa-in atheism have potentially contributed towards these misnomers. I also suggest the use of the categories ‘local atheism’ and ‘global atheism’ to clarify on whom the burden of proof lies within the discourse.
Three Arguments for the Philosophical Life
Authors: Church Jeffrey 
Published: April 2018

AbstractOne of the many contributions ofPostmodern Platosis that it raises an old question in the postmodern age: what is the value of philosophy? This essay finds and assesses three distinct arguments for the philosophical life in Zuckert's book, which she associates with Aristotle, Nietzsche, and Strauss. Philosophy, according to all three arguments, represents the highest life for human beings because it realizes our highest capacity, and it secures for our otherwise finite existence a measure of permanence. The arguments diverge on the question of the order and goodness of nature. The case for philosophy has relevance in our postmodern age, as we are driven to ask the question of the best life yet are unequipped to answer it.
In the name of (de)securitization: Speaking security to protect migrants, refugees and internally displaced persons?
Authors: Donnelly Faye 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article examines how the protection of migrants, refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) is spoken about and framed. Today it is evident that the dominant responses of sovereign States to each of these groups is heavily reliant on the language of security and (de)securitization, and this article openly conceptualizes ongoing attempts to protect migrants, refugees and IDPs as a series of overlapping (de)securitized “games”. At least three arguments follow from this claim. First, adopting this approach serves as a reminder that the ways in which different groups of people are spoken about often constitutes a dividing line between life and death. Second, the language games of (de)securitization are not identical when it comes to protecting different groups. Third, using securitization as the theoretical point of departure provides a timely reminder that none of the three categorizations listed above is guaranteed to apply. On the contrary, the adoption of each linguistic label – migrant, refugee, IDP – is subject to and dependent upon audience acceptance. Remembering the latter dimension is imperative to fully comprehend the ongoing contestations and countermoves in response to people moving in search of security. By way of conclusion, the article contends that far more attention must be paid to broader understandings of acceptance and love to ensure the protection of migrants, refugees and IDPs.
Crustal Strain in the Marmara Pull‐Apart Region Associated With the Propagation Process of the North Anatolian Fault
Authors: Karakaş Ç. , Armijo R. , Lacassin R. , Suc J.‐P. , Melinte‐Dobrinescu M. C. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPropagation processes of plate‐scale faults through continental lithosphere are poorly documented. The North Anatolian Fault (NAF) is a continental right‐lateral transform with striking evidence for propagation processes in the Marmara Sea pull‐apart region. Earlier work (Armijo et al., 1999, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091‐7613(1999)027<0267:WPOTNA>2.3.CO;2) suggests that in the Dardanelles, where the principal, northern branch of that fault (NNAF) enters into the Aegean: (1) a fold‐thrust system has progressively developed above the NNAF fault tip, at the WSW corner of the Marmara Sea pull‐apart. The main anticline formed there was sheared and its SW half laterally offset by ~70 km to the SW; (2) the timing of structure development appears correlated with sea level changes associated with the Messinian Salinity Crisis. Our new description of the Dardanelles (or Ganos‐Gelibolu) fold‐thrust system is based on structural mapping, field observations, and calcareous nannoplankton analyses to date key sedimentary units. Our results provide tight constraints on the main pulse of folding associated with propagation of the tip of the NNAF: it took place in the late Miocene to earliest Pliocene (5.60 to 5.04 Ma), before deposition of undeformed Pliocene marine sediments. The folding is mostly coeval with the Messinian Salinity Crisis and accommodated several kilometers of shortening at the fault tip. After full propagation of the NNAF up to the surface, the folded structure was sheared and right laterally offset, with an average 14 mm/year of slip rate during the past ~5 Myrs. A reconstruction of tectonic evolution suggests a flower structure nucleating and taking root at the tip of the fault.