bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between the −11377 C/G and −11391 G/A polymorphisms of adiponectin gene and adiponectin levels with susceptibility to type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in population from the west of Iran, correlation with lipid profile
Authors: Nomani Hamid , Hesami Osman , Vaisi‐Raygani Asad , Tanhapour Maryam , Bahrehmand Fariborz , Rahimi Zohreh , Kiani Amir , Shakiba Ebrahim , Pourmotabbed Tayebeh 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAdipose tissue, an endocrine organ, secretes bioactive factors including adiponectin. Adiponectin is a protein hormone that enhances insulin sensitivity through increased fatty acid oxidation and inhibition of hepatic glucose production. We assessed the association of the adiponectin promoter region polymorphisms −11391 G/A and −11377 C/G with susceptibility to type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 (T2DM) diabetes mellitus in the population of west Iran. Also, we investigated the effect of adiponectin level and lipid profile on T1DM and T2DM development. In this case‐control study, we recruited 189 patients with diabetes (100 T2DM and 89 T1DM) and 161 sex and age‐matched unrelated healthy controls. Adiponectin mutations were detected by polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP), and the protein level was measured by the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Other biochemical parameters were determined by routine laboratory methods. The G allele of adiponectin gene at −11377 position (C/G) significantly increased the risk of T1DM. With respect to genotype models, codominant (2.97 times), dominant (3.6‐fold), and over‐codominant (2.9‐fold) patients with T1DM who carried −11377 C > G single‐nucleotide polymorphisms were significantly susceptible to the development of the disease. A significantly higher level of adiponectin in T1DM was oberved compared with the control group. In contrast, patients with T2DM had lower adiponectin levels compared with healthy controls. The genotype distributions of −11391 G/A polymorphisms were the same for patients with diabetes and control groups. The presence of G allele at −11377 C/G adiponectin gene significantly increased serum adiponectin level and may be a risk factor for T1DM susceptibility among the western Iranian population.
Estrogen inhibits osteoclasts formation and bone resorption via microRNA‐27a targeting PPARγ and APC
Authors: Guo Lei , Chen Kaizhe , Yuan Jun , Huang Ping , Xu Xing , Li Changwei , Qian Niandong , Qi Jin , Shao Zhiliang , Deng Lianfu , He Chuan , Xu Jiping 
Published: September 2018

AbstractInhibition of osteoclasts formation and bone resorption by estrogen is very important in the etiology of postmenopausal osteoporosis. The mechanisms of this process are still not fully understood. Recent studies implicated an important role of microRNAs in estrogen‐mediated responses in various cellular processes, including cell differentiation and proliferation. Thus, we hypothesized that these regulatory molecules might be implicated in the process of estrogen‐decreased osteoclasts formation and bone resorption. Western blot, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase staining, pit formation assay and luciferase assay were used to investigate the role of microRNAs in estrogen‐inhibited osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. We found that estrogen could directly suppress receptor activator of nuclear factor B ligand/macrophage colony‐stimulating factor‐induced differentiation of bone marrow‐derived macrophages into osteoclasts in the absence of stromal cell. MicroRNA‐27a was significantly increased during the process of estrogen‐decreased osteoclast differentiation. Overexpressing of microRNA‐27a remarkably enhanced the inhibitory effect of estrogen on osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption, whereas which were alleviated by microRNA‐27a depletion. Mechanistic studies showed that microRNA‐27a inhibited peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) expression in osteoclasts through a microRNA‐27a binding site within the 3′‐untranslational region of PPARγ and APC. PPARγ and APC respectively contributed to microRNA‐27a‐decreased osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. Taken together, these results showed that microRNA‐27a may play a significant role in the process of estrogen‐inhibited osteoclast differentiation and function.
Liposomal nanocarriers for statins: A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics appraisal
Authors: Askarizadeh Anis , Butler Alexandra E. , Badiee Ali , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: September 2018

AbstractStatins, inhibitors of 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐coenzyme A reductase, are a well‐known class of drug with beneficial therapeutic effects in cardiovascular disease and lipid disorders and have potential use against cancer. However, the bioavailability of statins is hampered due to low aqueous solubility and rapid metabolism. To improve pharmacokinetic profiles of statins, development of drug delivery systems is promising. Hence, the use of liposomes for selective delivery of statins to a selected site or for bioavailability enhancement is an effective strategy to increase statin therapeutic effects. Moreover, liposomal delivery can reduce the required dose of statins especially in terms of antitumor effects. Liposomes, because of their unique properties and biphasic and amphiphilic nature, have attracted much interest and can be considered as a suitable choice for delivery of both hydrophilic and lipophilic statins. In this review article, we focus on liposomes and evaluate the effects of different liposomal delivery systems, based on differences in size, phospholipid composition, circulation half‐life, and cholesterol content, on statin function.
Downregulation of AC061961.2, LING01‐AS1, and RP11–13E1.5 is associated with dilated cardiomyopathy progression
Authors: Qiu Zhibing , Ye Bin , Yin Li , Chen Wen , Xu Yueyue , Chen Xin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to explore long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) implicated in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Ten samples of failing hearts collected from the left ventricles of patients with DCM undergoing heart transplants, and ten control samples obtained from normal heart donors were included in this study. After sequencing, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and lncRNAs between DCM and controls were screened, followed with functional enrichment analysis and weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). Five key lncNRAs were validated through real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Total 1,398 DEGs were identified, including 267 lncRNAs. WGCNA identified seven modules that were significantly correlated with DCM. The top 50 genes in the three modules (black, dark‐green, and green–yellow) were significantly correlated with DCM disease state. Four core enrichment lncRNAs, such as AC061961.2, LING01‐AS1, and RP11–557H15.4, in the green–yellow module were associated with neurotransmitter secretion. Five core enrichment lncRNAs, such as KB‐1299A7.2 and RP11–13E1.5, in the black module were associated with the functions of blood circulation and heart contraction. AC061961.2, LING01‐AS1, and RP11–13E1.5 were confirmed to be downregulated in DCM tissues by real‐time PCR. The current study suggests that downregulation of AC061961.2, LING01‐AS1, and RP11–13E1.5 may be associated with DCM progression, which may serve as key diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for DCM.
Mutant p53R248Q downregulates oxidative phosphorylation and upregulates glycolysis under normoxia and hypoxia in human cervix cancer cells
Authors: Hernández‐Reséndiz Ileana , Gallardo‐Pérez Juan Carlos , López‐Macay Ambar , Robledo‐Cadena Diana Xochiquetzal , García‐Villa Enrique , Gariglio Patricio , Saavedra Emma , Moreno‐Sánchez Rafael , Rodríguez‐Enríquez Sara 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMutations in p53 are strongly associated with several highly malignant cancer phenotypes but its role in regulating energy metabolism has not been completely elucidated. The effect on glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) of mutant p53R248Q overexpression in HeLa cells (HeLa‐M) was analyzed and compared with cells overexpressing wild‐type p53 (HeLa‐H) and nontransfected cells containing negligible p53 levels (HeLa‐L). p53
R248Q overexpression induced early cell detachment during in vitro growth; however, detached HeLa‐M cells showed high viability, shorter generation time and significant diminution in the adhesion proteins E‐cadherin and β‐catenin versus HeLa‐H and HeLa‐L cells. Under normoxia, a lower growth rate of attached HeLa‐M cells correlated with decreased levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator 1‐α (PGC‐1α), adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), mitochondrial proteins (20–80%) and OxPhos flux (69 ± 12%). On the contrary, HeLa‐M also showed increased contents of CDKN1A, nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB), c‐MYC, hypoxia‐inducible factor 1‐α (HIF‐1α; 1–4 times), glycolytic HIF‐1α targets (2–4 times), and glycolysis flux (2‐fold) versus HeLa‐H. In consequence, glycolysis provided ~70% of the cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in HeLa‐M cells under normoxia whereas, OxPhos predominated (65–82%) in HeLa‐H and HeLa‐L cells. Pifithrin‐α, a specific p53 inhibitor, did not alter the p53
R248Q target protein contents and OxPhos and glycolytic fluxes, and a poor HIF‐1α‐p53
R248Q interaction was attained, in HeLa‐M cells. These observations suggested that p53
R248Q deficiently interacted with pifithrin‐α and HIF‐1α. Therefore, lower mitochondrial biogenesis, deficient HIF‐1α/mutant p53 interaction, and development of a pseudohypoxic state under normoxia were the apparent biochemical mechanisms underlying glycolysis activation and OxPhos downregulation in HeLa‐M cells.
Suggestions for Model‐Informed Precision Dosing to Optimize Neonatal Drug Therapy
Authors: Euteneuer Joshua C. , Kamatkar Suyog , Fukuda Tsuyoshi , Vinks Alexander A. , Akinbi Henry T. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEvidence for dosing, efficacy, and safety of most medications used to treat neonates is sparse. Thus, dosing is usually derived by extrapolation from adult and pediatric pharmacologic data with scaling by body weight or body surface area. This may lead to drug dosing that is unsafe or ineffective. However, new strategies are being developed and studied to dose medications in critically ill neonates. Mass spectroscopy technology capable of quickly analyzing drug levels is readily available. Software that integrates population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics with data from sparse samples from neonates allows for timely adjustments of dosing to achieve the desired effect while minimizing adverse outcomes. Some genetic polymorphisms that affect drug response in neonates have also been reported. This review highlights aspects of drug response and how it is impacted by prematurity, assesses pharmacogenomic studies in neonates, and offers suggestions for innovative pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model‐based approaches that combine population‐ or physiology‐based pharmacology data, Bayesian analysis, and electronic decision support tools for precision dosing in neonates while illustrating examples where this approach can be used to optimize medical therapy in neonates. Barriers to implementing precision dosing in neonates and how to overcome them are also discussed.
Structurally modified CuFe2O4/persulfate process for acetaminophen scavenging: high efficiency with low catalyst addition
Authors: Zhang Yuanchun , Zhang Qian , Dong Zhengyu , Wu Liying , Hong Junming 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDIron (Fe)–copper (Cu) bimetallic catalysts such as CuFe2O4, CuFeO2 and CuO/Fe3O4 have been widely applied in persulfate oxidization process. Among these catalysts, CuFe2O4 has shown excellent performance in catalyzing peroxymonosulfate. However, because the catalytic effect of CuFe2O4 on persulfate (PS) is not obvious, the application of CuFe2O4 to activate persulfate has been investigated only rarely. Hence, structural modification has been applied in order to improve the catalytic activity of CuFe2O4 on persulfate.RESULTIn this study, Oxygen (O)‐deficient CuFe2O4 was synthesized via the hydrogen reduction method and first used to activate PS for degrading acetaminophen (APAP) in aqueous solution with low catalyst concentration of 0.3 g L−1. Results reveal that high‐concentration APAP (100 mg L−1) could be efficiently removed by O‐deficient CuFe2O4‐activated PS, and 91% removal rate could be reached in 60 min using 0.8 g L−1 PS and 0.3 g L−1 catalyst under unadjusted pH. Dissolved O2 and Cl−showed inhibitory effects on the degradation process. Radical scavenger experiments, in which methanol, tert‐butyl alcohol (TBA) and nitrobenzene (NB) were used as radical trappers, indicated that SO4− and OH were the active radicals in the reaction, but the main radical was SO4−. Oxygen‐deficient CuFe2O4 showed strong reduction ability and could activate PS efficiently, and the electron transfer capability was remarkably enhanced after this structural modification.CONCLUSIONSResults indicated that compared to the pristine crystal, the catalytic activity of CuFe2O4 could be improved through structural modification. Additionally, the structurally modified catalyst showed high potential to treat wastewater with high antibiotic content under mild conditions. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Calix[4]arene‐based Multifunctional Ligand as Potent Protein Binding Agent
Authors: Esmaielzade Rostami Mahshid , Gorji Banafsheh , Zadmard Reza 
Published: September 2018

In this work, a new protein binding agent based on multifunctional calix[4]arene CP has been synthesized by a one‐pot four‐component reaction. Protein binding affinity of designed ligand (CP) was investigated in physiological buffer (pH = 7.4) by fluorescence quenching method and revealed considerable binding affinity between CP and β‐lactoglobulin (BLG). The three‐dimensional (3D) fluorescence measurements indicated that binding of CP to BLG did not influence on BLG conformation. Furthermore, the effect of various biologically important metal ions on the binding constant of CP with BLG was investigated.
Ultrasound Findings in Patients With Femoracetabular Impingement Without Radiographic Osteoarthritis: A Pilot Study
Authors: Orellana Cristóbal , Moreno Mireia , Calvet Joan , Navarro Noemí , García‐Manrique María , Gratacós Jordi 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesTo assess ultrasound (US) abnormalities in patients with clinical and radiographic features of femoracetabular impingement (FAI) without radiologic osteoarthritis.MethodsThis study included patients aged 50 years or younger with hip pain and clinical and radiographic signs suggestive of FAI but without radiographic hip osteoarthritis. Demographic characteristics, the symptom duration, and the radiologic type of FAI were recorded. Ultrasound examinations assessed for anterior labral abnormalities, osteophytes, bone cortex irregularities, capsular distension, and acetabulofemoral and femoral head‐to‐neck distances. A balanced group of healthy volunteers was used as control participants.ResultsForty‐four patients with FAI were evaluated. Ultrasound changes were found in 93.2% of patients, with 63.6% showing some kind of labral abnormality, 40.9% showing articular cartilage abnormalities, 38.6% showing bone contour irregularities, and 29.5% showing osteophytes. The cartilage width and symptom duration were inferior in patients with a damaged articular surface compared with those without (P = .005 and .012, respectively). Patients showing osteophytes on US examinations were slightly older (P = .048). Patients with cam‐type FAI were more frequently male (P = .0001) and younger (P = .022) compared with those who had pincer‐type FAI and also had a shorter symptom duration (P < .05). Patients with symptoms for 2 years or less had a shorter femoral cartilage width (P = .027). Femoral head‐to‐neck distances were shorter in patients compared with controls (P = .0005). Only 1 patient in the control group showed some US abnormality.ConclusionsUltrasound showed detected abnormalities in a significant proportion of patients with symptomatic FAI in early phases of the disease. Additional longitudinal studies are warranted to establish the prognostic importance of these US changes.© 2018 by the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine
Passive experimental warming decouples air and sediment temperatures in a salt marsh
Authors: Carey Joanna C. , Kroeger Kevin D. , Zafari Babak , Tang Jianwu 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOpen top chambers (OTCs) are a commonly used passive warming technique in experimental warming studies. OTCs have been shown to be effective in multiple types of terrestrial systems, but their utility in wetland environments remains uncertain. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of using OTCs to warm a temperate salt marsh across diurnal and seasonal cycles. We found that OTCs are effective at warming air temperatures on the marsh, with average air temperatures 1.6 ± 0.007°C and 1.1 ± 0.006°C warmer within the high and low marsh, respectively over a 16‐month period. In contrast, OTCs were ineffective at warming sediments, especially during the day. In fact, sediment temperatures within the OTC were cooler during the day relative to ambient conditions. Such daytime warming of air, but cooling of sediments relative to ambient conditions resulted in a significant decoupling of above and belowground temperatures in the marsh (r = −0.99 and −0.82 on low and high marsh, respectively). Our data indicate that shading by OTCs was responsible for the daytime sediment cooling relative to ambient conditions during most of the year, as incoming solar radiation was reduced by 30% within OTCs. Wet sediments require more energy to heat than the air due to their higher specific heat capacity. Thus, reductions in radiation by OTCs prevented effective warming of sediments, but still allowed for the warming of air. In turn, we conclude that OTCs are not an effective method to experimentally warm tidal marsh sediments.
Involvement of calpain in the neuropathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Mahaman Yacoubou Abdoul Razak , Huang Fang , Kessete Afewerky Henok , Maibouge  Tanko Mahamane Salissou , Ghose Bishwajit , Wang Xiaochuan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common (60% to 80%) age‐related disease associated with dementia and is characterized by a deterioration of behavioral and cognitive capacities leading to death in few years after diagnosis, mainly due to complications from chronic illness. The characteristic hallmarks of the disease are extracellular senile plaques (SPs) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) with neuropil threads, which are a direct result of amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing to Aβ, and τ hyperphosphorylation. However, many indirect underlying processes play a role in this event. One of these underlying mechanisms leading to these histological hallmarks is the uncontrolled hyperactivation of a family of cysteine proteases called calpains. Under normal physiological condition calpains participate in many processes of cells’ life and their activation is tightly controlled. However, with an increase in age, increased oxidative stress and other excitotoxicity assaults, this regulatory system becomes impaired and result in increased activation of these proteases involving them in the pathogenesis of various diseases including neurodegeneration like AD. Reviewed here is a pool of data on the implication of calpains in the pathogenesis of AD, the underlying molecular mechanism, and the potential of targeting these enzymes for AD therapeutics.
Oral Glucose Tolerance is Associated with Neuroelectric Indices of Attention Among Adults with Overweight and Obesity
Authors: Niemiro Grace M. , Skinner Sarah K. , Walk Anne M. , Edwards Caitlyn G. , De Lisio Michael , Holscher Hannah D. , Burd Nicholas A. , Khan Naiman A. 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveThis study aimed to elucidate the relationship between glucose levels and insulin resistance and sensitivity obtained from oral glucose tolerance tests and neurophysiological indices of attention among adults with overweight and obesity.MethodsForty adults with overweight or obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) underwent dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry to assess visceral adipose tissue. Repeated venous blood samples were collected during an oral glucose tolerance test to measure insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance) and indices of insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index and Stumvoll metabolic clearance rate). Attention was assessed using event‐related brain potentials recorded during a visual oddball task. Amplitude and latency of the P3 wave form in a central‐parietal region of interest were used to index attentional resource allocation and information processing speed.ResultsFollowing adjustment for visceral adipose tissue, reduced values of Matsuda index and Stumvoll metabolic clearance rate (indicating poor insulin sensitivity) were correlated with longer peak latency, whereas insulin area under the curve was positively related to peak latency, indicating slower information processing. Individuals with decreased insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index < 4.3) had significantly longer P3 latencies compared with individuals with normal insulin sensitivity.ConclusionsHigher fasting glucose, but not homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and reduced indices of glucose sensivity are associated with decrements in attention characterized by slower reaction time and slower information processing speed among adults with overweight and obesity.
Tributyl citrate as an effective plasticizer for biodegradable polymers: effect of plasticizer on free volume and transport and mechanical properties
Authors: Chaos Ana , Sangroniz Ainara , Gonzalez Alba , Iriarte Marian , Sarasua Jose‐Ramon , del Río Javier , Etxeberria Agustin 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTThe effectiveness of tributyl citrate (TbC) as a plasticizer for polylactide and polyhydroxybutyrate was analysed in order to improve the ductility of these polymers and make them good candidates for food packaging applications. Although the thermal and mechanical properties have been widely studied in the literature, the effect of the plasticizer on free volume and transport properties has not been deeply analysed. The free volume was characterized using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy observing its linear increase with TbC content. The permeability to water vapour, oxygen and carbon dioxide was determined and the obtained results were related to the changes in glass transition temperature, level of crystallinity of the samples and free volume. This work would allow a better understanding of the effect of the plasticizer on the barrier and mechanical properties of polymers allowing the development of competitive materials for packaging applications. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Front Cover: Cover Image, Volume 74, Issue 10
Authors: Busi Roberto , Goggin Danica E , Heap Ian M , Horak Michael J , Jugulam Mithila , Masters Robert A , Napier Richard M , Riar Dilpreet S , Satchivi Norbert M , Torra Joel , Westra Phillip , Wright Terry R 
Published: September 2018

The front cover image of the herbicide, 2,4‐D, inside the deep binding pocket of the auxin receptor protein known as TIR1, by Roberto Busi et al., is based on the Review Weed resistance to synthetic auxin herbicides, DOI: 10.1002/ps.4823.
image