bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurocognitive Factors Contributing to Cochlear Implant Candidacy
Authors: Moberly Aaron C. , Castellanos Irina , Mattingly Jameson K. 
Published: November 2018

Hypothesis:
Clinical adult cochlear implant (CI) candidacy evaluations rely heavily on measures of sentence recognition under the best-aided listening conditions. The hypothesis tested in this study was that nonauditory measures of neurocognitive processes would contribute to scores on preoperative sentence recognition for CI candidates, above and beyond hearing ability as assessed using pure-tone average (PTA). Support for this hypothesis would suggest that best-aided sentence recognition is not simply a measure of hearing ability; rather, neurocognitive functions contribute to performance and should be considered while counseling patients during CI candidacy evaluation about postoperative rehabilitative and outcome expectations.

Background:
Neurocognitive functions, such as working memory capacity, inhibition-concentration, information processing speed, and nonverbal reasoning contribute to aided speech recognition outcomes in adults with hearing loss. This study examined the roles of these neurocognitive factors on preoperative speech recognition performance in adults evaluated for CI candidacy.

Methods:
Thirty-one postlingually deafened adult CI candidates were enrolled. Participants were assessed using nonauditory measures of working memory capacity, inhibition-concentration, information processing speed, and nonverbal reasoning. Measures of sentence recognition in quiet and in multitalker babble (AzBio sentences) as well as sentences from the City University of New York in quiet were collected under best-aided conditions.

Results:
AzBio sentence recognition scores in babble were predicted significantly by scores of working memory capacity after accounting for PTA. Similarly, the City University of New York sentence recognition scores were predicted significantly by nonverbal reasoning after accounting for PTA.

Conclusions:
Findings support the idea that clinical measures of sentence recognition may be affected to varying degrees by neurocognitive functions, and these functions should be considered during evaluation for CI candidacy.
Neutropenia in glycogen storage disease Ib: outcomes for patients treated with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
Authors: Dale David C. , Bolyard Audrey Anna , Marrero Tracy , Kelley Merideth L. , Makaryan Vahagn , Tran Emily , Leung Jamie , Boxer Laurence A. , Kishnani Priya S. , Austin Stephanie , Wanner Corbinian , Ferrecchia Iris A. , Khalaf Dina , Maze Dawn , Kurtzberg Joanne , Zeidler Cornelia , Welte Karl , Weinstein David A. 
Published: November 2018

Purpose of reviewGlycogen storage disease Ib (GSD Ib) is characterized by hepatomegaly, hypoglycemia, neutropenia, enterocolitis and recurrent bacterial infections. It is attributable to mutations inG6PT1, the gene for the glucose-6-phosphate transporter responsible for transport of glucose into the endoplasmic reticulum. Neutropenia in GSD Ib is now frequently treated with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). We formed a cooperative group to review outcomes of the long-term treatment of GSD Ib patients treated with G-CSF.Recent findingsThe study enrolled 103 patients (48 men and 55 women), including 47 currently adult patients. All of these patients were treated with G-CSF, starting at a median age of 3.8 years (range 0.04–33.9 years) with a median dose of 3.0 mcg/kg/day (range 0.01–93.1 mcg/kg/day) for a median of 10.3 years (range 0.01–29.3 years). Neutrophils increased in response to G-CSF in all patients (median values before G-CSF 0.2 × 109/l, on G-CSF 1.20 x 109/l). Treatment increased spleen size (before G-CSF, 47%, on treatment on G-CSF 76%), and splenomegaly was the dose-limiting adverse effect of treatment (pain and early satiety). Clinical observations and records attest to reduce frequency of infectious events and the severity of inflammatory bowel symptoms, but fever and recurrent infections remain a significant problem. In the cohort of patients followed carefully through the Severe Chronic Neutropenia International Registry, four patients have developed myelodysplasia or acute myeloid leukemia and we are aware of four other cases, (altogether seven on G-CSF, one never treated with G-CSF). Liver transplantation in five patients did not correct neutropenia. Four patients had hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; two adults and two children were transplanted; one adult and one child survived.SummaryGSD Ib is a complex disorder of glucose metabolism causing severe chronic neutropenia. G-CSF is effective to raise blood neutrophil counts and reduce fevers and infections in most patients. In conjunction with other therapies (salicylates, mesalamine sulfasalazine and prednisone), G-CSF ameliorates inflammatory bowel symptoms, but doses must be limited because it increases spleen size associated with abdominal pain.
Neurostimulation‐guided Anal Intrasphincteric Botulinum Toxin Injection in Children With Hirschsprung Disease
Authors: Louis‐Borrione Claude , Faure Alice , Garnier Sarah , Guys Jean‐Michel , Merrot Thierry , Héry Géraldine , Dariel Anne 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTObjectives:In Hirschsprung disease (HD), despite successful surgical treatment, 50% of children experience long‐term functional gastrointestinal problems, particularly chronic functional obstructive symptoms. We report our experience regarding clinical effects of neurostimulation‐guided anal intrasphincteric botulinum toxin (BT) injections on postoperative obstructive symptoms attributed to a nonrelaxing anal sphincter complex in HD patients.Methods:In this monocenter cohort study, 15 HD patients with postoperative functional intestinal obstructive symptoms received neurostimulation‐guided anal intrasphincteric BT injections. Short‐, medium‐, and long‐term effects were evaluated. The Bristol stool form scale was used to assess stool consistency, and the Jorge‐Wexner (JW) score to assess fecal continence.Results:The median age at first injection was 4 years. In the short‐term, a significant improvement in stool consistency was noted in 12 of 14 patients (P = 0.0001) and JW score decreased for 14 of 15 patients (P = 0.001). In the medium‐term, JW score significantly decreased for all patients (P = 0.0001), with an improvement of 50% or more for 10 patients (66.7%). In the long term, 83.3% of patients had normal stool consistency and JW score was <3 for all. Recurrent enterocolitis decreased from 86.7% to 8.3%. A complete resolution of all symptoms without further medication was observed in 66.7% of patients in the long term.Conclusions:Intrasphincteric BT injection was a safe, effective, and durable option for the management of postoperative functional intestinal obstructive symptoms in HD. The use of neurostimulator guidance for specific delivery of BT to muscular fibers of nonrelaxing anal sphincter complex takes into consideration the variability of patient's anatomy secondary to curative surgery.
Association Between Obesity/Overweight and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Children
Authors: Tambucci Renato , Quitadamo Paolo , Ambrosi Michela , De Angelis Paola , Angelino Giulia , Stagi Stefano , Verrotti Albero , Staiano Annamaria , Farello Giovanni 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTObjective:Although emerging data indicate that obese/overweight children are more likely to develop functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) than normal‐weight peers, contrasting results have been reported. The present observational, case‐control study aimed at estimating the prevalence of FGIDs in obese/overweight children compared to normal‐weight peers.Methods:Consecutive obese and overweight children aged 4 to 18 years attending the obesity outpatient clinic were enrolled as study cases. Normal‐weight children were enrolled as comparison group. All the enrolled patients received a thorough health examination from both a pediatric endocrinologist and gastroenterologist. Moreover, they were asked to fill out the Rome III questionnaire for the diagnosis of FGIDs. Data were analyzed to compare the prevalence of FGIDs between cases and controls.Results:Throughout the study period we enrolled 103 cases and 115 controls. No significant age and sex differences were found between the 2 groups. FGIDs were significantly more prevalent in obese/overweight compared to normal‐weight children (47.57% vs 17.39%; P < 0.0001). Increased prevalence was observed for functional constipation (18.44% vs 7.82%; P = 0.025), functional dyspepsia (23.33% vs 6.95%; P = 0.001), and irritable bowel syndrome (10.67% vs 2.60%; P = 0.024), whereas no difference was observed for functional abdominal pain (1.94% vs 2.60%; P = 1.00).Conclusions:Our data suggest that there is a link between excess body fat and FGIDs in children. This finding may offer a model of patients in which the effects of food and nutritional substances, the gut microbial environment, and psychosocial factors are fitting well with the emerging biopsychosocial conceptual model for FGIDs.
Normal Complications and Abnormal Assumptions After Perinatal Death
Authors: Cacciatore Joanne , Thieleman Kara 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
There are several ways, clinically, to approach grief after perinatal death, including from a humanistic or a medicalized perspective. The death of a baby is complicated. The loss is an embodied one that incites deep psychological wounds and can be isolating for many parents. Parents process their grief experiences within a sometimes oppressive social context that either sees their expressions of loss as a normal response to an abnormal tragedy or as pathology. Several diagnostic categories have been proposed relative to the traumatic grief experiences of grieving parents that potentially affect them. We explore this nomenclature and, through the lens of a Social-Cognitive Processing Model, examine social support, attitudes, context, and oppressive interpersonal and social structures that affect parents. Clinical implications are discussed.
New Mothers' Experiences with Online Postpartum Forums
Authors: Teaford Dominique , McNiesh Susan , Goyal Deepika 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Purpose:
To explore women's experiences with an online forum during the postpartum period.

Study Design and Methods:
All women involved in an online postpartum “birth club” on Babycenter.com during the first 6 months postpartum were invited to participate in the study. Participant characteristics and baseline mental well-being data were obtained along with their response to three open-ended questions about their experiences participating in an online mothers group. Descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis were used to analyze data.

Results:
Women (N = 393) who responded to open-ended questions were 29.2 (SD = 5.3) years old, Caucasian (85%), married or in a committed relationship (81%), and lived in the United States (75%). Ninety percent (n = 354) completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Screening Scale, of whom 18% (n = 65) scored ≥13, indicating risk of developing postpartum depression. Data analysis revealed five themes. The themes were integrated under the holistic concept of community and included 1) social support; 2) anonymity; 3) in-groups; 4) drama; and 5) entertainment/pastime.

Clinical Implications:
Findings suggest online forums can provide social support for new mothers. They can facilitate sharing of information, act as a source of entertainment, and provide a sense of community for participants who might otherwise feel isolated due to the demands of new motherhood. Nurses working with childbearing women should be aware of the positive and negative aspects of online forums so they can support new mothers who choose to participate.
Implementing a Peer Support Network to Promote Compassion Without Fatigue
Authors: Wahl Carol , Hultquist Teresa Barry , Struwe Leeza , Moore Judy 
Published: November 2018

Objective
The aims of this study were to implement a Peer Support Network (PSN) pilot project including education/training, peer support, and resiliency training and to explore how interventions impact compassion satisfaction (CS) and compassion fatigue (CF) in a community hospital.

Background
CF has been reported to negatively affect nurse retention. The PSN provides a 3-tiered team approach to enhance CS and support nurses experiencing CF symptoms.

Methods
Twenty nurses participated in PSN training and completed preimplementation and 6-week postimplementation surveys: Professional Quality of Life, Compassion Practice Instrument, and self-care resource utilization.

Results
Statistically significant improvements in CS and nonstatistical improvements in CF were found.

Conclusion
Promoting a PSN may increase CS and potentially prevent work-related physical, emotional, social, and intellectual CF sequelae.
The Intergenerational Impact of Management Relations on Nurse Career Satisfaction and Patient Care
Authors: Price Sheri L. , Paynter Martha , Hall Linda McGillis , Reichert Carol 
Published: November 2018

Objective
This article provides insights into the role of management relations on nurses’ career satisfaction across different career stages.

Background
Managers and positive relations with staff are critical to improving job satisfaction, career development, and retention for new graduates to mid- to late-career nurses.

Methods
Using a descriptive qualitative approach, we conducted a thematic analysis of 18 focus groups held in 8 Canadian provinces with 185 student, early-career, and mid- to late-career nurse participants.

Results
Student participants expressed the need for a supportive environment to enable successful transition to practice. Early-career nurses expected effective leadership at the unit level, effective communication, and positive working relationships to enable best care outcomes. Mid- to late-career nurses were most dissatisfied with management interactions and relationships.

Conclusions
Management relations are important across all career stages, affecting patient care and job satisfaction. Findings provide insight into how nurse-manager relations can be enhanced from new graduate support to guidance in career development and ongoing recognition and respect for nurses throughout their careers.
Measuring Daily Disposable Contact Lenses against Nonwearer Benchmarks
Authors: Lazon de la Jara Percy , Diec Jennie , Naduvilath Thomas , Papas Eric B. 
Published: November 2018

SIGNIFICANCE
Since becoming a popular form of refractive error correction, contact lenses have aspired to replicate the nonwearer experience. This study assessed how well currently available daily disposable soft lenses have achieved that goal, using a graphical representation to show individual lens behavior relative to benchmarks.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to assess comfort, vision, and adverse events during daily disposable contact lens wear, relative to emmetropes and spectacle wearers.

METHOD
Three-month clinical studies, where participants either wore one of five daily disposable contact lenses (n = 201), were full-time spectacle wearers with no history of contact lens wear (n = 34), or emmetropic non–contact lens wearers (n = 40). Vision quality and comfort were assessed at the beginning and end of the day (1 to 10). Corneal infiltrative events were recorded. Between-group comparisons were made using a linear mixed model and literature estimates of clinical significance.

RESULTS
Initial comfort among emmetropes (mean ± 95% confidence interval, 8.0 ± 0.5) was not significantly different from any of the lens types (range, 7.2 ± 0.4 to 8.0 ± 0.4, all P > .06) or spectacle wearers (7.3 ± 0.5, P = .45). Comfort deteriorated during the day in all groups (P < .05). End-of-day comfort for emmetropes (7.3 ± 0.6) was significantly better, only than lenses B (5.7 ± 0.6, P < .001) and D (6.2 ± 0.5, P = .01). Vision quality for emmetropes (8.6 ± 0.5) was better than spectacle wearers (7.8 ± 0.5, P = .04) and lenses A (7.6 ± 0.4, P = .003) and B (7.5 ± 0.4, P < .001). Corneal infiltrative events occurred in 0% of emmetropes and 2.9% of spectacle wearers and ranged from 2.4 to 7.5% in lens wearers.

CONCLUSIONS
Under the conditions of this study, comfort and vision with some contemporary daily disposable contact lenses were indistinguishable from nonwearing emmetropes. Although the contact lens–wearing groups had rates of corneal infiltrative events that were not statistically different from the nonwearers, the study had insufficient power to permit robust conclusions in this respect.
Ranibizumab versus Dexamethasone Implant in Macular Edema Secondary to Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion: Two-year Outcomes
Authors: Ozkaya Abdullah , Tarakcioglu Hatice Nur , Tanir Ipek 
Published: November 2018

SIGNIFICANCE
We compared the 24-month outcomes of ranibizumab and dexamethasone implants in treatment-naive branch retinal vein occlusion patients. Ranibizumab was effective in improving visual outcomes, whereas the dexamethasone implant was not.

PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to compare the 2-year real-world outcomes of intravitreal ranibizumab with dexamethasone implants in patients with macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion.

METHODS
The treatment-naive branch retinal vein occlusion patients with macular edema who were treated with intravitreal ranibizumab or dexamethasone implant were included retrospectively. Primary outcome measures were the change in best-corrected visual acuity and central retinal thickness.

RESULTS
Eighty-seven eyes of 87 patients were included. Mean ± SD best-corrected visual acuity in the intravitreal ranibizumab group at baseline and 24 months was 0.64 ± 0.48 and 0.49 ± 0.44 logMAR (P < .05). Mean ± SD best-corrected visual acuity in the intravitreal dexamethasone implant group at baseline and 24 months was 0.98 ± 0.56 and 0.92 ± 0.61 logMAR (P > .05). Mean ± SD central retinal thickness in the intravitreal ranibizumab group at baseline and 24 months was 530 ± 150 and 337 ± 103 μm (P < .05). Mean ± SD central retinal thickness in the intravitreal dexamethasone implant group at baseline and 24 months was 591 ± 113 and 335 ± 99 μm (P < .05). Mean ± SD number of injections at 24 months was 5.6 ± 1.8 in the intravitreal ranibizumab group and 2.7 ± 1.1 in the dexamethasone implant group (P < .0001). Progression in lens opacity was detected in 5.7% of the phakic patients in the intravitreal ranibizumab group and 46.1% of them in the dexamethasone implant group (P < .0001). None of the patients in the intravitreal ranibizumab group and 9 (22.0%) of 41 patients in the dexamethasone implant group showed an increase of more than 10 mmHg in intraocular pressure.

CONCLUSIONS
Ranibizumab was effective in the treatment of macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion in both visual and anatomical outcomes; however, dexamethasone implant was effective only in anatomical outcomes.
Scotoma Simulation in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Klee Sascha , Link Dietmar , Sinzinger Stefan , Haueisen Jens 
Published: November 2018

SIGNIFICANCEThis article shows a successful concept for simulating central scotoma, which is associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), in healthy subjects by an induced dark spot at the retina using occlusive contact lenses. The new concept includes a control mechanism to adjust the scotoma size through controlling pupil size without medication. Therefore, a miniaturized full-field adaptation device was used.PURPOSEThe aim of this study was to design a novel concept to simulate AMD scotoma in healthy subjects using occlusive contact lenses.METHODSTo define an optimal set of lens parameters, we constructed an optical model and considered both the anatomical pupil diameter and the opaque central zone diameter of the contact lens. To adjust the scotoma size, we built a miniaturized full-field adaptation device. We demonstrate the validity of this novel concept by functional measurements of visual fields using automated threshold perimetry. Finally, we conducted a perception study including two tasks, consisting of pictograms and letters. The stimuli were presented at different eccentricities and magnifications.RESULTSThe visual fields of all 10 volunteers exhibited absolute scotomas. The loss of contrast sensitivity ranged within 27 and 36 dB (P< .05), and the scotoma localizations were nearly centered to the macula (mean variation, 2.0 ± 4.8° horizontally; 3.5 ± 4.7° vertically). The eccentric perception of letters showed the largest numbers of correctly identified stimuli. The perception of pictograms showed significantly reduced numbers (P< .0001) and revealed a dependency on magnification. The results suggest that best perception is possible for magnified stimuli near the scotoma.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that the creation of an absolute simulated AMD scotoma is possible using occlusive contact lenses combined with a miniaturized full-field adaptation device.
Ophthalmic Conditions Associated with Inpatient Falls among Veterans
Authors: Campagna Giovanni , Chamberlain Paul , Orengo-Nania Silvia , Biggerstaff Kristin , Khandelwal Sumitra 
Published: November 2018

SIGNIFICANCE
Efforts to describe the relationship between pathological visual impairment and fall risk are typically confined to community dwellers. Among admitted patients, however, the associations are less understood. Fall risk assessment tools are used in some clinical settings, but most do not capture the suspected importance of ophthalmic pathologies in predicting the likelihood of an inpatient fall.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to determine the association between ophthalmic conditions and inpatient falls at the Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (MEDVAMC), where vision and ophthalmic conditions are not considered when assessing fall risk.

METHODS
This is a population-based, retrospective case-control study of 805 patients admitted to the MEDVAMC in January 2014 who had also visited the MEDVAMC Eye Clinic within 1 year of admission. The patients' eye examinations, ophthalmic diagnoses, and other indicators of constitutive health were compared between 60 patients who experienced an inpatient fall (“cases”) and 749 patients who did not (“controls”). Significant differences between the cases and the controls were determined using logistic regression models.

RESULTS
Baseline demographics were similar among the two groups. Ophthalmic conditions associated with an increased incidence of inpatient falls included age-related macular degeneration (odds ratio, 3.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.5 to 9.9; P = .008) and a presenting visual acuity of worse than 20/40 in the better-seeing eye (odds ratio, 2.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.0 to 4.1; P = .04). Those without falls demonstrated a better mean presenting visual acuity in the better-seeing eye compared with those who fell (logMAR, 0.12 ± 0.23 vs. 0.28 ± 0.49, P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS
In this population, age-related macular degeneration and poor presenting visual acuity in the better-seeing eye are associated with increased incidence of inpatient falls. An assessment of visual function and ophthalmic diagnoses may be warranted upon admission to the hospital for increased prevention of inpatient falls.