bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SPARC acts as a mediator of TGF‐β1 in promoting epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition in A549 and H1299 lung cancer cells
Authors: Sun Weichao , Feng Jianguo , Yi Qian , Xu Xichao , Chen Ying , Tang Liling 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMigration and metastasis of tumor cells greatly contributes to the failure of cancer treatment. Recently, the extracellular protein secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) has been reported closely related to tumorigenesis. Some articles have suggested that SPARC promoted metastasis in several highly metastatic tumors. However, there are also some studies shown that SPARC acted as an antitumor factor. SPARC‐induced epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) in melanoma cells and promoted EMT in hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, the role of SPARC in tumorigenesis and its relationship with EMT is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the expression change of SPARC in A549 and H1299 lung cancer cells undergoing EMT process. Our study indicated that SPARC was upregulated in A549 and H1299 cells EMT process. We further investigated the function of SPARC on proliferation, migration, and EMT process of A549 and H1299 cells. Overexpression of SPARC promoted the migration and EMT of A549 and H1299 cells. Knockdown SPARC inhibited the EMT of A549 cells. Overexpression of SPARC induced the increased expression of p‐Akt and P‐ERK. Furthermore, exogenous SPARC peptide promoted transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1‐induced EMT of A549 and H1299 cells. SPARC knockdown partially eliminated TGF‐β1 function in inducing EMT of A549 cells. SPARC follistatin‐like functional domain reduced the expression of E‐cadherin, but had no effect on the expression of p‐Akt and p‐ERK. In conclusion, we elucidated that SPARC contributes to tumorigenesis by promoting migration and EMT of A549 and H1299 lung cancer cells. These results will provide some new suggestion for lung cancer treatment. © 2018 BioFactors, 44(5):453–464, 2018
Device closure of atrial septal defect with severe pulmonary hypertension in adults: Patient selection with early and intermediate term results
Authors: Dalvi Bharat , Jain Shreepal , Pinto Robin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a subset of atrial septal defect (ASD) with severe pulmonary hypertension (PHT) that is suitable for closure.BackgroundAs per American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology guidelines, ASD with elevated pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) >2/3rd systemic is considered as a contraindication for closure.MethodsPatients with anatomically large ASD measuring >25 mm and a high probability of reversible pulmonary vascular disease were subjected to fenestrated device closure, despite severe PHT and elevated PVR. They were discharged on pulmonary vasodilators and were followed for 39.5 ± 8.5 months. Four patients had repeat cardiac catheterization.ResultsSix patients underwent successful device closure of large ASD with severe PHT. Their basal Qp:Qs was 2.8 ± 0.3:1 while the systolic PAP and the PVR index (PVRI) were 102.6 ± 11.5 mm Hg and 9.6 ± 1.6 Wu m2, respectively. Post 100% oxygen inhalation, the Qp:Qs increased to 3.5 ± 0.3:1, systolic PAP remained 103.5 ± 7.6 mm Hg while the PVRI dropped to 5.4 ± 1.1 Wu m2. The postballoon occlusion systolic PAP decreased to 86.6 ± 8.8 mm Hg. At the last follow‐up, their pulmonary artery systolic pressure by tricuspid regurgitation (TR) jet decreased from 105.6 ± 12.6 mm Hg to 45 ± 7.0 mm Hg. During follow‐up cardiac catheterization (n = 4), the systolic PAP and PVRI were 55.7 ± 9.2 mm Hg and 3.2 ± 0.4, respectively.ConclusionsPatients with anatomically big defect and a large left to right shunt at baseline with a high probability of reversible PVR benefit with ASD closure and pulmonary vasodilators, despite significantly elevated PAP and PVRI.
Clinical and angiographic outcomes of true vs. false lumen stenting of coronary chronic total occlusions: Insights from intravascular ultrasound
Authors: Sabbah Mahmoud , Tada Takeshi , Kadota Kazushige , Kubo Shunsuke , Otsuru Suguru , Hasegawa Daiji , Habara Seiji , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Fuku Yasushi , Goto Tsuyoshi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe clinical implications of subintimal stenting (SS) of the recanalized chronic total occlusion (CTO) segment have not been characterized. We evaluated the in‐hospital and the long‐term clinical and angiographic outcomes of drug‐eluting stents (DESs) deployed in true vs. false lumen of successfully recanalized CTO.Methods and resultsTwo independent reviewers analyzed the intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) images of 173 successfully recanalized CTO lesions (157 patients), between August 2011 and October 2012. After successful guidewire (GW) crossing, lesions were classified according to IVUS evaluation into two groups: (1) true lumen (TL) stenting group and (2) SS group; and compared with regards to in‐hospital and long‐term clinical outcomes. In 154 lesions, DESs were deployed in the TL; and in 19 (11%) lesions, DESs were deployed in the subintimal space (95% confidence interval: 6.3–15.6%). False GW tracking in the SS group resulted in increased rates of IVUS‐detected dissection flaps (84% vs. 42.6%, P ≤ 0.001), intramural hematoma (32 vs. 11%, P = 0.01), and minor perforations 6/19 (31.6% vs. 8.4%, P = 0.002). At 1‐year follow‐up, both groups had similar cumulative rates of binary restenosis and target lesion revascularization (P = 0.73 and P = 0.97, respectively). Six patients (4.6%, 6/129 patients) in the TL group and none in the subintimal group died at 1 year.ConclusionsAcknowledging some limitations, our observations may suggest that, subintimal stent deployment in a recanalized CTO segments, using second generation DES and IVUS guidance, might have a comparable success rate and long‐term angiographic and clinical outcomes as TL stenting.
Design concept for cold bent shell structures made of thin glass
Authors: Nehring Gordon , Siebert Geralt 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTSpatial load bearing structures in the building sector are usually built with the help of aligned steel‐glass elements in the form of a net. The installed glass elements are flat and have a large glass thickness, in order to achieve sufficient plate stiffness. This implied a less economical use of materials. Nowadays, due to new manufacturing techniques it is possible to use resource saving materials, e.g. thin‐walled laminated safety glass (ttotal ≤ 5.38 mm). For this purpose, the thin‐walled laminated safety glass consists of thin glasses (t < 3 mm) and interlayer materials. The thin‐walled laminated safety glass is cold bent onto shaping frame girder elements (uniaxial or double curved) at the installation site with subsequent continuous supports. In general, this leads to a spatial load bearing capacity of the single element under pressure and suction loads. The process of cold bending is easily feasible due to the lower resetting effect of the thin‐walled laminate. For this case, a state of cold bending is activated in the glazing. With additional loading perpendicular to their shell level a state of loading is generated. To this, the load‐bearing capacity depends on many parameters (time‐ and temperature‐dependent material behaviour, geometry and supporting conditions). The aim of curved single elements is to achieve maximum geometric stiffness more specifically maximum static resistance ERd. For this reason, the influencing parameters were mathematically, numerically and experimentally investigated and discussed plus transferred to a design method for two exemplary cold bent structures (uniaxial or double curved).
Façade Brackets for Blast Enhancement
Authors: Wellershoff Frank , Förch Matthias , Lori Guido , Zobec Marc , Casucci Daniele , Grosser Philipp 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTDesign requirements for bomb blast protection are a challenge for façade engineers because of complex interaction of various elements with different mass and nonlinear stiffness. There are different mitigation techniques available depending on the hazard rating. Rigid protecting structures are neither accepted by architectural design demands, nor by occupants who do not want to be affected by obvious protection in daily life. As a result, smart blast enhanced façade solutions that cannot be distinguished from conventional facades are required, being capable of providing the required safety level. With introduction of dissipative façade brackets the dynamic analysis of the MDOF system of the façade can be balanced due to beneficial inertia effects. The dissipative bracket attracts the blast wave energy in lieu of the glazing, so that a switch of the typical load chain becomes possible. The probability that the glazing remains in uncracked state increases while the dissipative bracket dissipates the energy. In addition, the reaction to the primary structure can be mitigated. Finally, the anchor channel that connects the bracket to the concrete slab can be designed to stay in the elastic range. This reduces the refurbishment costs after a blast event. Experimental test results of different crash absorbing materials, dissipative brackets, and anchor channels are used for the development of combined design charts for the selection of adequate brackets and anchor channels.
Design and Construction with Curved Glass
Authors: Fildhuth Thiemo , Schieber Roman , Oppe Matthias 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTCurved glass is increasingly used in modern architecture, driven by free‐form design, the desire for smooth, continuously curved facades and new or improved manufacturing methods. Permanent curvature is obtained by thermal bending, whereas elastic cold bending results in a reversible curved glass shape stabilized either by fixing upon a substructure or by lamination with shear‐stiff interlayers. However, for the application in building projects many mutually depending factors such as the achievable geometrical shape and curvature, glass dimensions, potential residual stress, load bearing behavior, applicability for IGUs, coating options, cost, necessary supports, lamination, interlayer type or the optical quality have to be respected. The present paper contributes to creating a design basis regarding the use of curved architectural glass by comparing the typical properties, assets and limitations of the above‐mentioned types and by illustrating their application through project examples.
Design of damage identification algorithm for mechanical structures based on convolutional neural network
Authors: Wang Guang 
Published: October 2018

SummaryDamage identification, location, and estimation of engineering structures are very popular research topics in recent years. Structural damage detection technology has been widely used in aerospace, civil engineering, machinery, and nuclear industry. It is a multi‐disciplinary and comprehensive technology based on damage mechanism, sensor technology, signal analysis technology, computer technology, and convolutional intelligence technology. Compared with the traditional structural damage detection methods, this paper mainly studies the theory and application of structural damage detection technology based on convolutional neural network. In this paper, the damage location and damage degree of a frame structure are numerically simulated by the combined parameter method, which is suitable for structural damage identification. At the same time, the input parameters of the improved convolutional neural network are constructed by a suitable method, and the structure damage detection and identification are carried out by using the trained convolutional neural network.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of the BACE1 Inhibitor Verubecestat (MK‐8931) in Healthy Japanese Adults: A Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled Study
Authors: Chris Min K. , Dockendorf Marissa F. , Palcza John , Tseng Jack , Ma Lei , Stone Julie A. , Kleijn Huub J. , Hodsman Peter , Masuo Kazuko , Tanen Michael , Troyer Matthew D. , van Vugt Marianne , Forman Mark S. 
Published: October 2018

β‐site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is required for the production of β‐amyloid (Aβ) peptides and is considered a potential treatment target for Alzheimer's disease (AD). To support Japan's participation in the global clinical development program, we characterized the safety, pharmacokinetics (PKs), and pharmacodynamics of the BACE1 inhibitor verubecestat (MK‐8931) in 24 healthy Japanese adults in a two‐part, single‐center, randomized, placebo‐controlled phase I trial (protocol MK‐8931‐007) and compared the results with historical data from non‐Japanese subjects. Both single (20, 100, and 450 mg) and multiple (80 and 150 mg once daily for 14 days) doses of verubecestat were well tolerated. Verubecestat's PK profile was similar in Japanese and non‐Japanese subjects. Verubecestat also reduced mean cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of the Aβ proteins Aβ40, Aβ42, and soluble β fragment of amyloid precursor protein; the level of reduction was comparable between Japanese and non‐Japanese subjects. These results support the continued global development of verubecestat as a potential disease‐modifying agent for Japanese and non‐Japanese subjects who are at risk for developing AD.
Recommendation for terminology: Nodules without arterial phase hyperenhancement and with hepatobiliary phase hypointensity in chronic liver disease
Authors: Motosugi Utaroh , Murakami Takamichi , Lee Jeong Min , Fowler Kathryn J. , Heiken Jay P. , Sirlin Claude B. ,   for the LI‐RADS HBA Working Group
Published: October 2018

Level of Evidence: 5Technical Efficacy Stage: 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1169–1171.
Method for quantitative assessment of acetabular bone defects
Authors: Hettich Georg , Schierjott Ronja A. , Ramm Heiko , Graichen Heiko , Jansson Volkmar , Rudert Maximilian , Traina Francesco , Grupp Thomas M. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThe objective of the study was to suggest a novel quantitative assessment of acetabular bone defects based on a statistical shape model, validate the method, and present preliminary results. Two exemplary CT‐data sets with acetabular bone defects were segmented to obtain a solid model of each defect pelvis. The pathological areas around the acetabulum were excluded and a statistical shape model was fitted to the remaining healthy bone structures. The excluded areas were extrapolated such that a solid model of the native pelvis per specimen resulted (i.e., each pelvis without defect). The validity of the reconstruction was tested by a leave‐one‐out study. Validation results showed median reconstruction errors of 3.0 mm for center of rotation, 1.7 mm for acetabulum diameter, 2.1° for inclination, 2.5° for anteversion, and 3.3 mm3 for bone volume around the acetabulum. By applying Boolean operations on the solid models of defect and native pelvis, bone loss and bone formation in four different sectors were assessed. For both analyzed specimens, bone loss and bone formation per sector were calculated and were consistent with the visual impression. In specimen_1 bone loss was predominant in the medial wall (10.8 ml; 79%), in specimen_2 in the posterior column (15.6 ml; 46%). This study showed the feasibility of a quantitative assessment of acetabular bone defects using a statistical shape model‐based reconstruction method. Validation results showed acceptable reconstruction accuracy, also when less healthy bone remains. The method could potentially be used for implant development, pre‐clinical testing, pre‐operative planning, and intra‐operative navigation. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 9999:1–9, 2018.
Radiographic cortical thickness parameters as predictors of rotational alignment in proximal femur fractures: A cadaveric study
Authors: Zeckey Christian , Bogusch Miriam , Borkovec Martin , Becker Christopher A. , Neuerburg Carl , Weidert Simon , Suero Eduardo M. , Böcker Wolfgang , Greiner Axel , Kammerlander Christian 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTRadiographic assessment tools such as the cortical step sign (CSS) or the diameter difference sign (DDS) aim to identify clinically relevant rotational malalignment after long bone fracture fixation. We aimed to analyze the effect of rotational malalignment on CSS and DDS parameters in a subtrochanteric fracture model and to construct a prognostic model to identify clinically relevant rotational malalignment. A subtrochanteric transverse osteotomy was set in human femora. Rotation was set stepwise from 0° to 30° in internal and external rotation. Images were obtained using a C‐arm and transferred for measuring the medial cortical thickness (MCT), lateral cortical thickness (LCT), femoral diameter (FD) in AP and the anterior cortical thickness (ACT) as well as the posterior cortical thickness (PCT) and the FD of the proximal and the distal main fragment. There were significant differences between the various levels of rotation for each of the absolute values of the evaluated variables. MCT, PCT and FD (AP & lat.) were the most affected parameters. In internal rotation, the MCT, PCT and the FD were the most affected variables. The parameters with the highest correlation with femoral rotation were ACT, PCT and FD. A model combining ACT, LCT, PCT and FD AP was most suitable model in identifying rotational malalignment. The best prediction of clinically relevant rotational malalignment was obtained with the FD and the PCT. The CSS and the DDS are promising tools for detecting rotational deformities of the proximal femur and should be used intra‐ and postoperatively. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Simultaneous production of commercial enzymes using agro industrial residues by statistical approach
Authors: Viayaraghavan Ponnuswamy , Jeba Kumar Sujin , Valan Arasu Mariadhas , Al‐Dhabi Naif Abdullah 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDSimultaneous production of commercial enzymes using agro‐industrial residues by statistical approach is an important perspective in an industrial point of view. Despite the advantages of statistical methods optimization, the report on simultaneous production of pectinase and amylases are limited. The accumulation of agro‐industrial residues causes serious environmental problems; however, citrus peel can be the important substrate for various enzymes production, including pectinase. These enzymes involving saccharification process and act as clarifying agent.RESULTSIn this study, orange peel and banana peel mixture were used as the suitable substrate for pectinase and amylase production using Bacillus pumilus in solid‐state culture. The process parameters were optimized for simultaneous production of enzymes by a traditional‐one‐variable‐at‐a‐time approach, a two level full factorial design, central composite design and response surface methodology. Among the selected variables, moisture content of the medium, pH and mineral supplement significantly influenced pectinase and amylase production. Pectinase production increased over 3‐fold, whereas, 2‐fold increase on amylase production was achieved after optimization by statistical approach. The purified pectinase exhibited maximal activity at pH 8.0, temperature of 60 °C and the molecular weight was 60 kDa. The purified amylase was highly active at pH 8.0, at 50 °C and the molecular weight was 37 kDa. The enzyme showed activity on fruit pulp in increasing clarity in orange and carrot juice and the saccharification of starch.CONCLUSIONOrange peel and banana peel mixture was effective as a solid medium for the simultaneous production of pectinase and amylase by Bacillus pumilus. Also, our statistical approach to optimize the medium components to yield more pectinase and amylase was fruitful and these enzymes showed appreciable results suitable for various applications. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
The Development of a Weighted Index to Optimise Compound Libraries for High Throughput Screening
Authors: Eurtivong Chatchakorn , Reynisson Jóhannes 
Published: October 2018

Abstract1880 known drugs were collected and analysed for their mainstream molecular descriptors: MW, log P, HA, HD, RB and PSA. The statistical distributions were fitted to Gaussian functions for each of the descriptors. This gave a mathematical tool to calculate a weighted score, or an Index, for each descriptor. Known Drug Indexes (KDIs) were derived either by summation or multiplication of the Indexes, giving one number for each molecule calculated. The KDI summation and multiplication methods give a theoretical maxima of 6 and 1 respectively. According to both methods, methysergide (5.89/0.90), amsacrine (5.89/0.89) and fluorometholone (5.88/0.88) have the scores of the most well‐balanced pharmaceuticals. The KDIs are advantageous tools in identifying the most well‐balanced screening compounds based on the properties of known drugs; the screening collection can be optimised to only include quality compounds, which in turn produce tractable hit and lead compounds from the screening campaign.
Fast technetium‐99m liver SPECT for evaluation of the pretreatment procedure for radioembolization dosimetry
Authors: van der Velden Sandra , Dietze Martijn M. A. , Viergever Max A. , de Jong Hugo W. A. M. 
Published: October 2018

PurposeThe efficiency of radioembolization procedures could be greatly enhanced if results of the 99mTc‐MAA pretreatment procedure were immediately available in the interventional suite, enabling 1‐day procedures as a result of direct estimation of the hepatic radiation dose and lung shunt fraction. This would, however, require a relatively fast, but still quantitative, SPECT procedure, which might be achieved with acquisition protocols using nonuniform durations of the projection images.MethodsSPECT liver images of the 150‐MBq 99mTc‐MAA pretreatment procedure were simulated for eight different lesion locations and two different lesion sizes using the digital XCAT phantom for both single‐ and dual‐head scanning geometries with respective total acquisition times of 1, 2, 5, 10, and 30 min. Three nonuniform projection‐time acquisition protocols (“half‐circle SPECT (HCS),” “nonuniform SPECT (NUS) I,” and “NUS II”) for fast quantitative SPECT of the liver were designed and compared with the standard uniform projection‐time protocol. Images were evaluated in terms of contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR), activity recovery coefficient (ARC), tumor/non‐tumor (T/N) activity concentration ratio, and lung shunt fraction (LSF) estimation. In addition, image quality was verified with a physical phantom experiment, reconstructed with both clinical and Monte Carlo‐based reconstruction software.ResultsSimulations showed no substantial change in image quality and dosimetry by usage of a nonuniform projection‐time acquisition protocol. Upon shortening acquisition times, CNR dropped, but ARC, T/N ratio, and LSF estimates were stable across all simulated acquisition times. Results of the physical phantom were in agreement with those of the simulations.ConclusionBoth uniform and nonuniform projection‐time acquisition liver SPECT protocols yield accurate dosimetric metrics for radioembolization treatment planning in the interventional suite within 10 min, without compromising image quality. Consequently, fast quantitative SPECT of the liver in the interventional suite is feasible.