bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bravas e insubmissas: mulheres e gênero na literatura memorialista do sertão norte-mineiro
Authors: Maia Cláudia 
Published: November 2018

Neste artigo, busco entender a construção de representações sobre mulheres e gênero no sertão norte-mineiro nas primeiras décadas do século XX, a partir das memórias autobiográficas de Cyro dos Anjos, em A Menina do Sobrado, e de Darcy Ribeiro, no livro Confissões. Argumento que, apesar do patriarcalismo que governa as relações, os papéis de gênero, nessa região, não eram tão fixos, e as mulheres não estavam submetidas a um modelo de comportamento baseado no que podemos chamar de domesticidade burguesa, em que são valorizados certos aspectos, como fragilidade, passividade e submissão. Palavras-chave: Mulheres. Minas Gerais. História. Gênero.
Memória e testemunho: entre narração e interpretação
Authors: Godoi Rodrigo Tavares 
Published: November 2018

Este texto tem como objetivo apresentar aproximações entre memória e testemunho sob a pressuposição de uma hermenêutica da memória. A discussão tende a relacionar problemas apresentados por Frank Ankersmit e Henri Bergson pela exposição das relações entre representação e simpatia. Para essa finalidade, o texto divide-se em duas partes: a primeira apresenta a constituição da memória como objeto de acordo com o ponto de vista epistemológico e a segunda, a possibilidade relacional entre estética e memória. As duas partes assentarão, no campo da reflexão, diálogos considerando a categoria do passado, no testemunho, ante sua condição de decorrido e ter sido. Aproximar testemunho e memória depende tanto dos princípios narrativos (evocativos), quanto do intérprete (ouvinte). Palavras-chave: Epistemologia da Memória. Hermenêutica da Memória. Testemunho. Memória.
Amino‐Functionalized Graphene Quantum Dots as Cathode Interlayer for Efficient Organic Solar Cells: Quantum Dot Size on Interfacial Modification Ability and Photovoltaic Performance
Authors: Wang Shichao , Li Zuojia , Xu Xiaopeng , Zhang Guangjun , Li Ying , Peng Qiang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this work, a series of amino‐functionalized graphene quantum dots (AF‐GQDs) with different quantum dot sizes are prepared successfully and employed as the cathode interfacial layers (CILs) for fabrication of efficient organic solar cells (OSCs). The effect of quantum dot size on the interfacial modification ability and photovoltaic performance is investigated in detail. By varying the particle size of AF‐GQDs, the work function of the cathode and the conductivity of CIL can be finely tuned. M‐GQD with the medium size achieves the best balance of interfacial modification and conductivity, giving rise to the best power conversion efficiencies both in fullerene and nonfullerene OSCs (poly[[4,8‐bis[(2‐ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene‐2,6‐diyl][3‐fluoro‐2‐[(2‐ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4‐b]thiophenediyl]] (PTB7):[6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butylic acid methyl ester (PC71BM) blend: 10.14%; poly[(2,6‐(4,8‐bis(5‐(2‐ethylhexyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene)‐co‐(1,3‐di(5‐thiophene‐2‐yl)‐5,7‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)benzo[1,2‐c:4,5‐c′]dithiophene‐4,8‐dione)] (PBDB‐T):3,9‐bis(2‐methylene‐(3‐(1,1‐dicyanomethylene)‐indanone))‐5,5,11,11‐tetrakis(4‐hexylphenyl)‐dithieno[2,3‐d:2′,3′‐d′]‐s‐indaceno[1,2‐b:5,6‐b′]dithiophene) (ITIC) blend: 11.87%; and poly[(4,8‐bis(5‐(tripropylsilyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene)‐co‐(5,6‐difluoro‐2‐(2‐hexyldecyl)‐4,7‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐2H‐benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole)] (J71):ITIC blend: 12.81%). This work not only provides a new type of high‐performance CIL materials but also demonstrates a simple way for fine‐tuning the interfacial modification ability and the conductivity via just controlling the quantum dot size of AF‐GQDs.
Zugang zu meta‐ und para‐C(sp2)‐H‐Bindungen mithilfe kovalent gebundener dirigierender Gruppen
Authors: Dey Aniruddha , Sinha Soumya Kumar , Achar Tapas Kumar , Maiti Debabrata 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDie von dirigierenden Gruppen unterstützte ortho‐C‐H‐Aktivierung ist seit einigen Jahrzehnten bekannt. Dagegen blieb es lange Zeit schwierig, mit der gleichen Vorgehensweise eine Aktivierung der entfernten meta‐ und para‐C‐H‐Bindungen an aromatischen Molekülen zu erreichen. Das Hauptproblem ist die Gestaltung eines makrocyclischen Übergangszustandes, der notwendig ist, um den Metallkatalysator in der Nähe der anvisierten Bindung zu verankern. Durch die sorgfältige Anpassung von Kettenlänge, Bindungsverknüpfung und der Art des den Katalysator koordinierenden Donoratoms wurden in den letzten Jahren mehrere Fortschritte erzielt. Dieser Aufsatz trägt die auf diesem Gebiet erreichten bedeutenden Leistungen für sowohl die meta‐ als auch die para‐Selektivität mithilfe von kovalent gebundenen dirigierenden Gruppen zusammen, die basierend auf der Art ihrer kovalenten Verknüpfung mit dem Substrat sowie ihres chemischen Charakters systematisch klassifiziert wurden. Ziel ist es, einen heuristischen Ansatz zu entwickeln, um die Eignung dirigierender Gruppen für ihre zukünftige Verwendung in organischen Transformationen zu erkennen.
Pongamia pinnata seed extract‐mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles: Preparation, formulation and evaluation of bactericidal and wound healing potential
Authors: Paul Madhurima , Londhe Vaishali Yogesh 
Published: November 2018

Pongamia pinnata – a plant used since olden times in Ayurvedic treatment – is reported to have diverse functions including antibacterial, antidiabetic, antineurodegenerative, antiepileptic, antiulcer, etc. In this study, our objective was to prepare silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by green synthesis mediated by methanolic seed extract of P. pinnata and to determine their antimicrobial and antioxidant potential and wound healing activity. AgNPs were characterized for particle size and shape and for antioxidant potential. Further, the AgNPs were incorporated in a gel. The wound healing activity was investigated using an excision wound healing model in Wistar rats. The AgNP‐loaded gel was applied topically to the wounded rats daily for 30 days. The wound contraction was calculated and histopathological studies of the healed tissues were conducted. Karanjin content of the extract was found to be 349 ± 2.16 mg g−1. Formation of AgNPs was confirmed using transmission and scanning electron microscopies and X‐ray diffraction. AgNPs showed good antioxidant potential and were active against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Significant wound healing activity (p < 0.05) was shown by the AgNP gel as compared to 5% Betadine ointment. Thus, the prepared AgNPs have antimicrobial and wound healing effects that may be useful in treatment of topical infections especially in wounds.
Leptin decreases circulating inflammatory IL‐6 and MCP‐1 in mice
Authors: Hoffmann Annett , Ebert Thomas , Klöting Nora , Kolb Marlen , Gericke Martin , Jeromin Franziska , Jessnitzer Beate , Lössner Ulrike , Burkhardt Ralph , Stumvoll Michael , Fasshauer Mathias , Kralisch Susan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLeptin influences inflammation and immune response. Dose‐dependent effects of leptin on biomarkers of inflammation have not been studied in vivo, so far. Leptin‐deficient low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) knockout (LDLR−/−;ob/ob) female mice were treated with three different leptin doses or saline for 12 weeks. The effect of leptin on plasma interleukin (IL)‐6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)‐1 concentrations and Il‐6 and Mcp‐1 mRNA expression in vivo were assessed. Macrophage infiltration in epididymal adipose tissue (epiAT) after leptin treatment was determined by quantitative immunohistochemical analysis. Aortic root atherosclerotic lesions were analyzed by oil red O staining. Mean plasma IL‐6 and MCP‐1 decreased significantly in the 3.0 mg/kg BW/day group as compared to control mice (both P < 0.01). Messenger RNA expression of Il‐6 and Mcp‐1 was significantly down‐regulated by leptin treatment in different adipose tissues in vivo. Characteristic crown‐like structures formed by adipose tissue macrophages were significantly reduced by leptin treatment in epiAT. Recombinant leptin dose‐dependently diminished plaque area in the aortic root. Leptin administration within the subphysiological to physiological range diminishes circulating pro‐inflammatory IL‐6 and MCP‐1. Reduction of Il‐6 and Mcp‐1 gene expression in adipose tissue, as well as decreased adipose tissue macrophage infiltration might contribute. © 2018 BioFactors, 45(1):43–48, 2019
Resting‐state functional brain networks in adults with a new diagnosis of focal epilepsy
Authors: Alonazi Batil K. , Keller Simon S. , Fallon Nicholas , Adams Valerie , Das Kumar , Marson Anthony G. , Sluming Vanessa 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectivesNewly diagnosed focal epilepsy (NDfE) is rarely studied, particularly using advanced neuroimaging techniques. Many patients with NDfE experience cognitive impairments, particularly with respect to memory, sustained attention, mental flexibility, and executive functioning. Cognitive impairments have been related to alterations in resting‐state functional brain networks in patients with neurological disorders. In the present study, we investigated whether patients with NDfE had altered connectivity in large‐scale functional networks using resting‐state functional MRI.MethodsWe recruited 27 adults with NDfE and 36 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. Resting‐state functional MRI was analyzed using the Functional Connectivity Toolbox (CONN). We investigate reproducibly determined large‐scale functional networks, including the default mode, salience, fronto‐parietal attention, sensorimotor, and language networks using a seed‐based approach. Network comparisons between patients and controls were thresholded using a FDR cluster‐level correction approach.ResultsWe found no significant differences in functional connectivity between seeds within the default mode, salience, sensorimotor, and language networks and other regions of the brain between patients and controls. However, patients with NDfE had significantly reduced connectivity between intraparietal seeds within the fronto‐parietal attention network and predominantly frontal and temporal cortical regions relative to controls; this finding was demonstrated including and excluding the patients with brain lesions. No common alteration in brain structure was observed in patients using voxel‐based morphometry. Findings were not influenced by treatment outcome at 1 year.ConclusionsPatients with focal epilepsy have brain functional connectivity alterations at diagnosis. Functional brain abnormalities are not necessarily a consequence of the chronicity of epilepsy and are present when seizures first emerge.
A naturalistic study of the effects of synchronous online chat counselling on young people's psychological distress, life satisfaction and hope
Authors: Dowling Mitchell , Rickwood Debra 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundOnline individual chat counselling is an emerging treatment modality that appears to be an effective method of providing single sessions of counselling to young people.AimsThis study aimed to investigate the effects of online counselling over a 6‐week period and whether this was affected by the number of sessions attended or having sought additional help. Furthermore, this study aimed to explore the effects of congruent and incongruent client hopes and expectations upon treatment outcomes.MethodThis study used a naturalistic prospective design, measuring online clients’ levels of psychological distress, life satisfaction, hopes, and expectations and tracking the number of sessions they attended or whether they sought additional help during the 6‐week period. Complete data were collected for 152 young people aged between 16 and 25 years.ResultsAfter 6 weeks, participant levels of psychological distress and life satisfaction were not significantly affected by the amount of online counselling received or by having sought additional treatment. However, participants who attended one or more online sessions reported significantly higher levels of hope 6 weeks later than those with no online counselling. Furthermore, participants with low hope but high expectations at the commencement of counselling reported significantly increased hope after 6 weeks.ConclusionsThe implications of these findings are discussed.
Modified secure AODV protocol to prevent wormhole attack in MANET
Authors: Sankara Narayanan S. , Murugaboopathi G. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryAn Adhoc network is a combination of mobile nodes that works without centralized infrastructure. Every mobile node acts as host and routers. Furthermore, it also forward packets to other mobile nodes in network which are not within the direct transmission range. Mobile Ad hoc networks are easily exposed to various network layer attacks that include black hole, wormhole, and DOS attack. Wormhole attack is one among the severe attacks in MANET. Wormhole attacker receives the packets at any particular location in the network and disturbs the flow of packet by tunneling them to another location. In this paper, advanced mechanism is presented against these wormhole attacks in a MANET. Existing methods use Quality of Service (QoS) for entire network to detect attacks. Our method makes use of the packet delivery ratio and round trip time for each node, and it also detects active and passive attacks. Thus, the complete identification of wormhole attack is possible using the proposed method.
A Quantitative and Reliable Calibration Standard for Dual‐Color Fluorescence Cross‐Correlation Spectroscopy
Authors: Werner Stefan , Ebenhan Jan , Haupt Caroline , Bacia Kirsten 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDual‐color Fluorescence Cross‐Correlation Spectroscopy (dcFCCS) allows binding analysis of biomolecules. Combining cross‐ and autocorrelation amplitudes yields binding degrees and concentrations of bound and unbound species. However, non‐ideal detection volume overlap reduces the cross‐correlation, causing overestimation of the Kd. The overlap quality factor that relates measured and true cross‐correlation amplitudes has been difficult to determine, because neither a perfect 1 : 1 labeled sample nor perfectly overlapping volumes are readily accomplished. Here, we describe how a stochastically labeled sample can be used for quantitative calibration. Lipid vesicles doped with green and red fluorescent dyes yield highly reproducible relative cross‐correlations and allow determination of the setup‐dependent overlap quality factor. This reliable, affordable and quick‐to‐prepare calibration standard expedites any quantitative co‐localization or binding analysis by dcFCCS.
Identification of Individual Reaction Steps in Complex Radical Reactions Involving Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Lien Jennifer , Su Mengqi , Guo Ting 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA triple‐jump model is invoked to help identify individual reaction steps in complex chemical reactions involving radical reactants in the presence of gold nanoparticles. The model consists of three sequential reaction phases: production of radicals, stabilization of radicals, and conversion from radical intermediates to final products. Isolated reaction phases were studied with electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. As examples of the model, we investigated the spin trapping reaction with BMPO and the hydroxylation of 3‐CCA, and the results supported the model. For X‐ray irradiation of gold nanoparticle aqueous solutions, hydroxyl radicals were found to be scavenged by nanoparticles in the first phase. The stabilization phase was largely unaffected by gold nanoparticles, whereas conversion of radical intermediates was catalyzed. Such a step‐wise model is thus proven useful for determining the exact catalytic step in the presence of nanoparticle catalysts in complex reactions such as DNA strand breaks, polymerization and hydroxylation that are important to many fields including X‐ray nanochemistry.
Single‐point Attack of Two H2O Molecules towards a Lewis Acid Site on the GaAl12 Clusters for Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Chen Jing , Luo Zhixun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) of water with metallic aluminum‐based materials provides an important way to address the global energy challenge; however, fundamental mechanism and reaction dynamics governing the chemical and electronic properties remain a debated research topic. Here we further study the HER mechanisms for water splitting on typical 13‐atoms clusters, Al12Ga and Al13, by first‐principles DFT calculations. We noted that the doping of a Ga atom into the Al13 cluster could reduce the transition state barrier for H2O dissociation on the metal cluster. Furthermore, it is interesting that the second water molecule prefers to adsorb on the same metal site giving rise to both thermodynamically and kinetically favorable reaction pathways. Based on the well‐established complementary active sites (CAS) mechanism for metal cluster reactivity, we provide insights into the reaction dynamics of such metal clusters with two water molecules, which also sheds light on the Eley‐Rideal and Langmuir‐Hinshelwood mechanisms in surface science. Natural bond orbitals (NBO) analysis was conducted to evaluate the donor‐acceptor charge‐transfer interactions between the cluster and the nucleophilic reagent. These results gain a better understanding of the mechanism for water reacting with aluminum‐based materials.
Metal Oxides in Heterogeneous Oxidation Catalysis: State of the Art and Challenges for a More Sustainable World
Authors: Védrine Jacques C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis Review presents current knowledge, recent results, and challenges for the future in heterogeneous oxidation catalysis in liquid and gaseous phases on solid metal oxide catalysts. Metal oxides that are used as catalysts and their main structures and properties are summarized, as well as their catalytic properties in selective and total oxidation reactions, which were studied intensively, experimentally and theoretically, by Professor Jerzy Haber during his scientific life. Some emphasis is placed on the classical and unusual catalyst activation procedures for improving catalytic properties for better efficiency. For a more sustainable world, several examples are given of the oxidation of biomass derivatives to synthesize valuable chemicals and of other applications of metal oxides, such as depollution, photocatalysis, hydrogen production and fuel‐cell components. The importance of metal oxide catalysis in environmental and green chemistry and sustainability is discussed, and challenges for the future are considered.
Defect‐Type‐Dependent Near‐Infrared‐Driven Photocatalytic Bacterial Inactivation by Defective Bi2S3 nanorods
Authors: Sun Hongli , Jiang Zhifeng , Wu Dan , Ye Liqun , Wang Tianqi , Wang Bo , An Taicheng , Wong Po Keung 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDefect engineering is crucial in tailoring photocatalytic efficiency, but it suffers from uncertainty in determining the vacancy type and in which type of the vacancy can better promote the photocatalytic efficiency. In this study, Bi2S3 nanorods with bismuth or sulfur vacancies were synthesized to investigate their distinct effects on the electronic structure, electron–hole separation characteristics, and near‐infrared (NIR)‐driven photocatalytic bacterial inactivation activity. Both bismuth and sulfur vacancies can enhance the light absorption ability of Bi2S3. However, the lifetime of photoinduced electrons is extended by bismuth vacancies but shortened by sulfur vacancies. Owing to these tendencies, Bi2S3 with Bi vacancies fully inactivated 7 log E. coli cells within 40 min of NIR irradiation, displaying better NIR‐driven photocatalytic bacterial inactivation efficiency than Bi2S3 with S vacancies. This study discloses the defect‐type‐dependent photocatalytic behaviors, providing new insights into designing highly efficient photocatalysts.
Selective inactivation of LGI1 in neuronal precursor cells leads to cortical dysplasia in mice
Authors: Silva Jeane , Qin Haiyan , Cowell John K 
Published: November 2018

SummaryConstitutional mutations in Leucine‐rich glioma inactivated 1 (LGI1) predispose to an autosomal dominant epilepsy syndrome in humans and germline inactivation of LGI1 in mice leads to early onset seizures. LGI1 is highly expressed in the regions involved in neuronal stem cell generation and migration and detailed analysis of the brains in these mice reveals a subtle cortical dysplasia characterized by hypercellularity in the outer cortical layers. To investigate the cellular origin for this cortical dysplasia, we created mice that allow cell‐specific, conditional inactivation of LGI1. Exons 3–4, which contain critical motifs for LGI1 function, were targeted for deletion and, using a CMV‐cre mouse strain, global inactivation of LGI1 led to early onset seizures and the same cortical dysplasia seen in the constitutionally null mice. Similarly, inactivation of LGI1 in cells expressing Nestin, expressed primarily in neuronal precursor cells, led to early onset seizures and cortical dysplasia. In contrast, targeting inactivation of LGI1 in cells expressing Gfap, Camk2a, and parvalbumin, did not lead to cortical dysplasia. This strain of mouse, therefore, allows for a more refined investigation of the cell types involved in the cortical dysplasia seen following inactivation of LGI1 and potentially a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind LGI1‐induced epilepsy.
The role of self‐esteem in the treatment of patients with anorexia nervosa – A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kästner Denise , Löwe Bernd , Gumz Antje 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of self‐esteem in the treatment of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). Specifically, our objectives were to investigate the differences in self‐esteem between individuals with AN and healthy controls, or individuals with other eating disorders, and to examine self‐esteem as an outcome, predictor, moderator, and mediator in AN treatment.MethodThe databases PsycINFO, PSYNDEXplus, Ovid MEDLINE®, and ProQuest were searched for studies published from 1990 to 2018. To estimate aggregated effect sizes, we performed random‐effects meta‐analyses.ResultsA screening of 1,596 abstracts and 203 full‐texts identified 68 relevant publications. Results suggest a significantly lower global self‐esteem in individuals with AN than in healthy controls (d = −1.90, p < .001). In contrast, global self‐esteem of AN and bulimia nervosa (BN) patients was found to be comparable (d = 0.05, p = .529). It might be specific to AN patients that negative self‐evaluations may not affect scholastic and professional abilities. Significantly moderate self‐esteem increases were observed in treated AN patients at the end of treatment (d = 0.56, p < .001), short‐term (d = 0.50, p < .001), and long‐term (d = 0.75, p < .001) follow‐up. Self‐esteem did not predict end of treatment remission‐or weight‐related outcome and treatment dropout. However, small to moderate predictive effects were detected on short‐term (r = .15, p = .007) and long‐term remission or weight (r = .33, p = .017). Finally, first indications point to self‐esteem as a mediator in adult AN inpatient treatment.DiscussionThe review provides insights relevant for theory, research, and practice. Implications concern the overall support for transdiagnostic approaches and the recommendation to consider low initial self‐esteem for decisions on after‐care.