bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conductive Fusion Technology Advanced Die Attach Materials for High Power Applications
Authors: Patelka Maciej , Krasco Nicholas , Ikeda Sho , Sato Toshiyuki , Goni Miguel , Ziade Elbara , Schmidt Aaron J. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
High power semiconductor applications require a die attach material with high thermal conductivity to efficiently release the heat generated from these devices. Current die attach solutions such as eutectic solders and high thermal conductive silver epoxies and sintered silver adhesives have been industry standards, however may fall short in performance for high temperature or high stress applications. This presentation will focus on development of a reinforced, sintered silver die attach solution for high power semiconductor applications with focus on a pressure-less, low temperature sintering technology that offers high reliability for high temperature (250°C) applications.
The electronic, optoelectronic, and semiconductor industries have the need for high performance adhesives, in particular, high power devices require low-stress, high thermal conductivity, thermally stable, and moisture resistant adhesives for the manufacture of high reliability devices. This paper introduces a new reinforced sintered silver adhesive based on the “resin-free” Conductive Fusion Technology. The high performance adhesive offers a robust solution for high temperature, high reliability applications.
Conductive Fusion Technology consists of a high thermal conductivity silver component blended with a non-conductive, low-modulus powder component. The non-conductive powder component comprises an organically modified inorganic material that exhibits excellent thermal stability at temperatures exceeding 250°C. Properties of the sintered silver adhesive, such as storage modulus, can be modified by varying the content of the non-conductive component.
Digital Logic Synthesis for 470 Celsius Silicon Carbide Electronics
Authors: Chiolino N. , Francis A. M. , Holmes J. , Barlow M. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Advancements in Silicon Carbide (SiC) digital integrated circuit (IC) design have enabled the ability to design complex, dense, digital blocks. Because of the large number of transistors, these complex digital designs make the time and risk of hand-crafted digital design, which has been the norm for SiC, too costly and risky. For large scale integrated digital circuits, computer aided design (CAD) tools are necessary, specifically the use of automatic synthesis, rule-based placement and signal routing software. The tools are used in progression as a design flow and are necessary for the timely and accurate creation of high-density digital designs. Application of an automated digital design flow to high-temperature SiC processes presents new challenges, such as extraction of timing characteristics at high temperatures, specifically above 400°C, as well as managing the complexity of synthesis, optimization of cell placement, verification of timing enclosure, and identifying routing constraints. These activities all require a willingness to extend and enhance the CAD software. Presented is a high temperature SiC digital synthesis flow. This flow is fully integrated with the characterization of a standard cell library that considers the variation of voltage, temperature, and process characteristics.
A digital controller for a 10,000-pixel UV focal plan array (FPA) in a SiC CMOS process was designed using this high temperature digital flow. The controller is comprised of a finite state machine (FSM), that monitors several counters, shift registers and combinational logic feedback signals. The FSM is configured to optimize the FPA for different applications and exposures. The Register-Transfer Level (RTL) design of the FSM produces between 900 and 1,000 gates, depending on the temperature-dependent time closure with a total footprint of 14mm2. Typical SiC processes present a non-monotonic clock speed over temperature. The advantage of this digital design flow is that it allows the designer to target a temperature corner for the netlist design but verify its operation over a &gt; 400°C operating range. This flow is currently being enhanced for use with NASA's SiC JFET-R process to create a high temperature communication protocol interface.
Configurable Digital Logic for Extreme Environments
Authors: Rea Richard 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This paper presents a multiple-configuration IC that implements a number of sequential or combinatorial logic functions for extreme environment electronics. Operating temperature is −55°C to +300°C. Combinatorial functions include AND, OR, XOR, muxes, bi-directional transceiver, priority-encoder, magnitude comparator, etc. Sequential functions include 8-bit DFF, counter, latch, programmable clock-divider, etc. The majority of 7400 logic parts are covered by this part. Special test circuitry is included for in-situ monitoring of the part during production. Endurance testing and monitoring of part lifetime at elevated stress temperature (+350°C) is also built-in.
Robust Reliability of Ceramic Capacitors for Power Electronics
Authors: Gurav Abhijit , Bultitude John , McConnell John , Phillips Reggie 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
For applications using Wide Band Gap (WBG) semiconductors, and for electronics for down-hole drilling, oil exploration, geothermal energy generation and power electronics, there is a growing need for capacitors that have robust reliability at temperatures of 125°C, 150°C or above. The development of more energy efficient power converters and inverters based on WBG semiconductors is driving the adoption of higher temperatures in a growing number of power electronics and automotive circuits since these operate at higher junction temperatures than traditional silicon. This has led to a growing need for high temperature capacitors with robust reliability. A Class-I C0G dielectric has been developed using Nickel electrodes for high temperature application up to 200°C and beyond. Since it is a paraelectric linear dielectric, these capacitors exhibit highly stable capacitance as a function of temperature and voltage, possess low loss (DF) and can conduct high RMS currents with a low temperature rise compared to other capacitor solutions. To maximize the capacitance density and achieve a high degree of mechanical robustness, stacks and leaded form factors are commonly needed. Materials for assembly of stacks are of interest due to the challenge of higher cost of attachment materials based on gold-solders or nano-silver pastes, as well as due to the presence of lead (Pb) in common high melting point (HMP) solders. This paper will report electrical properties and reliability test data on these Class-I C0G ceramic capacitors and stacks at high temperatures. It will also review thermal robustness and electrical characteristics of stacks assembled using Pb-free transient liquid phase sintering (TLPS) materials based on Sn-Cu and In-Ag.
Multi-model study of HTAP II on sulfur and nitrogen deposition
Authors: Tan Jiani , Fu Joshua S. , Dentener Frank , Sun Jian , Emmons Louisa , Tilmes Simone , Sudo Kengo , Flemming Johannes , Jonson Jan Eiof , Gravel Sylvie , Bian Huisheng , Davila Yanko , Henze Daven K. , Lund Marianne T. , Kucsera Tom , Takemura Toshihiko , Keating Terry 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. This study uses multi-model ensemble results of 11 models from the second
phase of Task Force Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution (HTAP II) to
calculate the global sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) deposition in 2010. Modeled
wet deposition is evaluated with observation networks in North America,
Europe and East Asia. The modeled results agree well with observations, with
76–83 % of stations being predicted within ±50 % of
observations. The models underestimate SO42-, NO3- and
NH4+ wet depositions in some European and East Asian stations but
overestimate NO3- wet deposition in the eastern United States.
Intercomparison with previous projects (PhotoComp, ACCMIP and HTAP I) shows
that HTPA II has considerably improved the estimation of deposition at European
and East Asian stations. Modeled dry deposition is generally higher than the
“inferential” data calculated by observed concentration and modeled
velocity in North America, but the inferential data have high uncertainty,
too. The global S deposition is 84 Tg(S) in 2010, with 49 % in continental
regions and 51 % in the ocean (19 % of which coastal). The global N
deposition consists of 59 Tg(N) oxidized nitrogen (NOy) deposition and
64 Tg(N) reduced nitrogen (NHx) deposition in 2010. About 65 %
of N is deposited in continental regions, and 35 % in the ocean (15 %
of which coastal). The estimated outflow of pollution from land to ocean is
about 4 Tg(S) for S deposition and 18 Tg(N) for N deposition. Comparing our
results to the results in 2001 from HTAP I, we find that the global
distributions of S and N deposition have changed considerably during the
last 10 years. The global S deposition decreases 2 Tg(S) (3 %) from 2001
to 2010, with significant decreases in Europe (5 Tg(S) and 55 %), North
America (3 Tg(S) and 29 %) and Russia (2 Tg(S) and 26 %), and
increases in South Asia (2 Tg(S) and 42 %) and the Middle East (1 Tg(S)
and 44 %). The global N deposition increases by 7 Tg(N) (6 %),
mainly contributed by South Asia (5 Tg(N) and 39 %), East Asia (4 Tg(N)
and 21 %) and Southeast Asia (2 Tg(N) and 21 %). The NHx
deposition increases with no control policy on NH3 emission in North
America. On the other hand, NOy deposition has started to dominate in
East Asia (especially China) due to boosted NOx emission.
Validation of ozone profile retrievals derived from the OMPS LP version 2.5 algorithm against correlative satellite measurements
Authors: Kramarova Natalya A. , Bhartia Pawan K. , Jaross Glen , Moy Leslie , Xu Philippe , Chen Zhong , DeLand Matthew , Froidevaux Lucien , Livesey Nathaniel , Degenstein Douglas , Bourassa Adam , Walker Kaley A. , Sheese Patrick 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The Limb Profiler (LP) is a part of the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite
launched on board of the Suomi NPP satellite in October 2011. The LP measures
solar radiation scattered from the atmospheric limb in ultraviolet and
visible spectral ranges between the surface and 80 km. These measurements of
scattered solar radiances allow for the retrieval of ozone profiles from
cloud tops up to 55 km. The LP started operational observations in April
2012. In this study we evaluate more than 5.5 years of ozone profile
measurements from the OMPS LP processed with the new NASA GSFC version 2.5
retrieval algorithm. We provide a brief description of the key changes that
had been implemented in this new algorithm, including a pointing correction,
new cloud height detection, explicit aerosol correction and a reduction of
the number of wavelengths used in the retrievals. The OMPS LP ozone
retrievals have been compared with independent satellite profile measurements
obtained from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), Atmospheric Chemistry
Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) and Odin Optical
Spectrograph and InfraRed Imaging System (OSIRIS). We document observed
biases and seasonal differences and evaluate the stability of the version 2.5
ozone record over 5.5 years. Our analysis indicates that the mean differences
between LP and correlative measurements are well within required
±10 % between 18 and 42 km. In the upper stratosphere and lower
mesosphere (> 43 km) LP tends to have a negative bias. We find larger
biases in the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere, but LP ozone
retrievals have significantly improved in version 2.5 compared to version 2
due to the implemented aerosol correction. In the northern high latitudes we
observe larger biases between 20 and 32 km due to the remaining thermal
sensitivity issue. Our analysis shows that LP ozone retrievals agree well
with the correlative satellite observations in characterizing vertical,
spatial and temporal ozone distribution associated with natural processes,
like the seasonal cycle and quasi-biennial oscillations. We found a small
positive drift ∼ 0.5 % yr−1 in the LP ozone record against
MLS and OSIRIS that is more pronounced at altitudes above 35 km. This
pattern in the relative drift is consistent with a possible 100 m drift in
the LP sensor pointing detected by one of our altitude-resolving methods.
Hypercalcemia due to milk alkali syndrome: An emerging cause of hypercalcemia: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Pandey Yadav , Joshi Krishna Prasad , Priyambada Priya , Chaudhary Anmol 
Published: May 2018

Introduction: Hypercalcemia is relatively common in clinical practice. Primary hyperparathyroidism and malignancy accounts for more than 90 percent of all cases of hypercalcemia. Milk alkali syndrome which is hypercalcemia classically caused by ingestion of large amount of calcium and absorbable alkali which was once virtually disappeared as a cause of hypercalcemia has emerged as a third leading cause of hypercalcemia. We present a case of hypercalcemia secondary to ingestion of calcium carbonate tablets resulting in milk alkali syndrome.Case presentation: Patient is a 45-year-old female with history of gastroesophageal reflux disease came to the emergency department with complaints of dizziness, constipation, fatigue and confusion for 3 weeks. She was hypotensive to 83/53 mmHg at arrival. Significant laboratory results were - Potassium of 2.2 mmol/L (3.5-5.1 mmol/L), chloride 73 mmol/L (98-107 mmol/L), Bicarbonate 50 mmol/L (22-29 mmol/L), Blood urea 22 mg/dl (9.8-20.1 mg/dl), Cr 1.4 mg/dl (0.5-1.0 mg/dl), total calcium of 16.6 mg/dl (9-11 mg/dl), ionized calcium 2.02 mmol/L (1.15-1.33 mmol/L), PTH was low to 8.9 pg/ml (10-65 pg/ml). Arterial blood gas showed metabolic alkalosis. Extensive evaluation to find the cause of hypercalcemia was negative. Detailed history after initial stabilization, revealed that she had been taking 10 tablets of calcium carbonate tablets per day and 1 glass of milk daily for reflux symptoms for the last eight weeks. Based on the history and after ruling out all the other serious causes, diagnosis of milk alkali syndrome was made and patient was discharged with proton pump inhibitor with advice to avoid calcium carbonate. Her hypercalcemia responded well to fluid resuscitation.Conclusions: Milk alkali syndrome once a rare cause of hypercalcemia has emerged as a third leading cause of hypercalcemia in completely different scenario. It is important to evaluate the patient with proper history including the use of over the counter calcium supplements to determine the etiology of hypercalcemia. Our case highlights the importance of proper history taking in the evaluation of hypercalcemia and that not all the cause of severe hypercalcemia is secondary to malignancy.
The effect of a mindfulness based stress reduction intervention on the perceived stress and burnout of RN students completing a doctor of nursing practice degree
Authors: Turkal Melissa , Richardson Luann G. , Cline Thomas , Guimond Mary Elizabeth 
Published: May 2018

Background and objective: There is a vast amount of literature documenting the epidemic of stress and burnout within the nursing profession. It is well established that chronic stress contributes to burnout among nursing staff and students. Research suggests that organizational change, curriculum adjustment, and mindfulness interventions can contribute to decreased stress and better outcomes for nurses. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) intervention on the perceived stress and burnout of students in a cohort of Registered Nurses (RNs) completing a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Degree.Methods: This study utilized pre and post data collection to explore the effect of a MBSR intervention on self-reported perceived stress and burnout using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI). Study participants (n = 24) received a general orientation to the study followed by a brief intervention using the body scan meditation, a component of the MBSR-model. Students registered with the Remind mobile app to supplement the live instruction and to encourage the students to engage in daily mindfulness practice.Results: The repeated measures ANOVAs for all three CBI factors showed that personal, work, and client burnout means were statistically lower at four weeks post-intervention than they were at baseline. Perceived stress measures four weeks post-intervention were also statistically lower than baseline. There were no demographic interactions, and only one main effect for gender, in that males reported lower perceived stress. Conclusions: The MBSR intervention was successful in reducing the self-reported perceived stress and burnout of RN students completing their DNP Degree.
Analysis of diagnostic-therapeutic results after the first year of life in children of hearing disturbance risk groups
Authors: Wiatr Agnieszka , Kocoń Sebastian , Hartwich Patryk , Stręk Paweł , Składzień Jacek , Ziarno Remigiusz , Wiatr Maciej 
Published: May 2018

Introduction:
It is assumed that the critical period for diagnosis of hearing disorders is the baby's first three months of life and that appropriate course and implementation of treatment and/or rehabilitation should begin before a child is six months old. However various kinds of problems may occur during auditory screening of a child may exceed this interval.
Aim:
The aim of this study was an evaluation of auditory screening results for children over 12 months old with congenital hearing loss.
Material and methods:
Results from 250 children were analyzed retrospectively. The study group consisted of children between one and three months old observed between 2015-2016. For the purpose of this analysis we divided the patients into four groups: children with Down Syndrome, children with nervous system disorders , children with cleft palate or both cleft palate and lip and children with congenital CMV.
To discuss performed diagnostics and treatment two groups of children were esteblished:
•	with implementation of appropriate course of treatment
•	without instituted treatment
Results:
250 children were examined in Level III NICUs in the years 2015 – 2016. The highest proportion of children with the implemented course of proceedings, was in groups with children with congenital CMV (71.1%). The highest proportion of children substituted with a hearing prosthesis was observed in the group of children with Down Syndrome. The lowest proportion of children with the implemented course of proceedings, was in groups with children with cleft palate or both cleft palate and lip (41.6%).
Conclusions:
•	Early implementation of treatment and/or rehabilitation in children with hearing disorders is crucial to prevent depression of speech and psychological development. I t is important in children with cleft palate or both cleft palate and lip even if surgical correction is discussed.
•	The highest proportion of children with the implemented course of proceedings, was in groups with children with congenital CMV. This children should be observed despite of right results of hearing tests.
•	In children with nervous system disorders 1 year period of observation is too short to exclude problems with hearing.
Clasificación de los valores de rango de movimiento de la extremidad inferior en jugadores de fútbol sala
Authors: Cejudo A. , Sainz de Baranda P. , Ayala F. , Santonja F. 
Published: May 2018

<p><strong>Objetivo: </strong>Clasificar los valores de flexibilidad de la extremidad inferior en jugadores de la 2ª División de la Liga Nacional de fútbol sala. <strong>Método: </strong>60 jugadores fueron valorados mediante la versión básica del protocolo ROM-SPORT. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y por percentiles para clasificarlos valores de los siete movimientos evaluados. <strong>Resultados y conclusión:</strong> El presente estudio define el perfil normal de flexibilidad de la extremidad inferior en un rango de valores entre 8-17º para la extensión de cadera, 39-45º para la flexión de tobillo con rodilla extendida, 40-47º para la flexión de tobillo con rodilla flexionada, 42-47º para la abducción de cadera, 76-96º para la flexión de cadera con rodilla extendida, 116-139º para la flexión de rodilla y 141-147º para la flexión de cadera. Valores superiores a este rango se pueden considerar dentro del perfil óptimo mientras que valores inferiores se pueden considerar dentro del perfil limitado. </p>
Efectos de un entrenamiento con cargas excéntricas sobre el rendimiento en jugadores de fútbol sala.
Authors: Sánchez-Sánchez J. , Guillen Rodríguez J. , Martín García D. , Romo Martín D. , Barrueco García J. , Bores Cerezal A.J. 
Published: May 2018

<p>El objetivo del estudio ha sido analizar los efectos de un programa de entrenamiento específico de 8 semanas, que incluye ejercicios de fuerza excéntrica con dispositivos isoinerciales y con autocargas, sobre la condición física de jugadores de fútbol-sala semi-profesionales. Los 10 jugadores de fútbol-sala (23.73±5.5 años de edad;69.91±8.47 kg de peso; 172.27±6.62 cm de altura) fueron divididos al azar en dos grupos: Grupo Autocarga (GAUT; n=5) y Grupo Máquinas (GMAQ; n=5). Ambos grupos realizaron una sesión de entrenamiento con carga excéntrica a la semana, durante 8 microciclos de competición. El futbolista fue evaluado antes (pre-test), nada más finaliar (post-test) y 2 semanas después (re-test) de acabar el programa de intervención. Los test empleados fueron: test de flexibilidad sit-and-reach; test salto “squatjump” (SJ) y “countermovementjump” (CMJ); test de velocidad lineal 30-m; test de velocidad con cambio de dirección. El análisis a través de la prueba estadística <em>Wilcoxon, </em>reflejó mejoras significativas en el CMJ en el GAUT (p≤0.05), la velocidad lineal y en la prueba con cambio de dirección en el GAUT (p≤0.05) y GMAQ (p≤0.01), pero no se han encontrado diferencias intergrupo en ninguna de las variables estudiadas. Los resultados indican que los ejercicios de carga excéntrica pueden ser un complemento eficaz en los programas de entrenamiento específicos de jugadores de fútbol-sala, debido a su incidencia positiva sobre variables de rendimiento importantes como la velocidad no lineal. </p>
Diferencias en las estadísticas de competición en tenis individual en función de la superficie de juego en jugadores junior masculinos de alto nivel.
Authors: Torres-Luque G. , Fernández-García AI. , Sánchez-Pay A. , Ramírez A. , Nikolaidis PT. 
Published: May 2018

<p class="a">El objetivo del presente trabajo fue conocer las diferencias en las estadísticas de juego entre dos superficies y determinar los indicadores de rendimiento en jugadores junior de tenis masculinos de alto nivel. Fueron seleccionados un total 62 partidos de tenis individuales de dos Grand Slam (Open Australia y Wimbledon) en dos superficies diferentes (dura versus hierba). Los datos fueron recopilados de las páginas webs oficiales de los torneos. Se analizaron variables relacionadas con el partido (3), variables relacionadas con el servicio (10) y variables relacionadas con el juego (6). Se observan mayores valores significativos (p&lt;0,05) en las variables: duración del partido, puntos ganados con el segundo servicio y porcentajes de puntos ganados con el segundo servicio, en superficie de hierba respecto a superficie rápida (p&lt;0,05). Siendo a la inversa para errores no forzados y porcentaje de puntos ganados al resto. Los indicadores de rendimiento según la superficie de juego predicen que son los errores no forzados y los golpes ganadores los que marcan la diferencia en esta categoría según superficie (SC =-.429; SC =-.376). Se concluye que es necesario atender a las citadas variables en jugadores junior según la superficie de juego. </p>