bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial intelligence after the bedside: co-design of AI-based clinical informatics workflows to routinely analyse patient-reported experience measures in hospitals
Authors: Canfell Oliver J , Chan Wilkin , Pole Jason D , Engstrom Teyl , Saul Tim , Daly Jacqueline , Sullivan Clair 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveTo co-design artificial intelligence (AI)-based clinical informatics workflows to routinely analyse patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) in hospitals.MethodsThe context was public hospitals (n=114) and health services (n=16) in a large state in Australia serving a population of ~5 million. We conducted a participatory action research study with multidisciplinary healthcare professionals, managers, data analysts, consumer representatives and industry professionals (n=16) across three phases: (1) defining the problem, (2) current workflow and co-designing a future workflow and (3) developing proof-of-concept AI-based workflows. Co-designed workflows were deductively mapped to a validated feasibility framework to inform future clinical piloting. Qualitative data underwent inductive thematic analysis.ResultsBetween 2020 and 2022 (n=16 health services), 175 282 PREMs inpatient surveys received 23 982 open-ended responses (mean response rate, 13.7%). Existing PREMs workflows were problematic due to overwhelming data volume, analytical limitations, poor integration with health service workflows and inequitable resource distribution. Three potential semiautomated, AI-based (unsupervised machine learning) workflows were developed to address the identified problems: (1) no code (simple reports, no analytics), (2) low code (PowerBI dashboard, descriptive analytics) and (3) high code (Power BI dashboard, descriptive analytics, clinical unit-level interactive reporting).DiscussionThe manual analysis of free-text PREMs data is laborious and difficult at scale. Automating analysis with AI could sharpen the focus on consumer input and accelerate quality improvement cycles in hospitals. Future research should investigate how AI-based workflows impact healthcare quality and safety.ConclusionAI-based clinical informatics workflows to routinely analyse free-text PREMs data were co-designed with multidisciplinary end-users and are ready for clinical piloting.
Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) modulates quadriceps motor cortex inhibition and facilitation during rehabilitation following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction: a triple-blind, randomised controlled proof of concept trial
Authors: Murphy Myles Calder , Sylvester Colin , Whife Casey , D’Alessandro Peter , Rio Ebonie Kendra , Vallence Ann-Maree 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesFollowing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), maladaptive changes occur in the motor cortex representation of the quadriceps, evidenced by increases in intracortical inhibition and facilitation. The primary objective of this proof-of-concept study was to determine if anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can alter quadriceps intracortical inhibition and facilitation in an early-ACLR population after 6 weeks of application during exercise.MethodsWe performed a randomised, triple-blind controlled trial for proof of concept comparing anodal-tDCS to sham-tDCS following ACLR. Anodal-tDCS or sham-tDCS was delivered to the primary motor cortex for 20 min, three times per week, for 6 weeks from week 2 post ACLR. Transcranial magnetic stimulation quantified quadriceps short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), long-interval intracortical inhibition (LICI) and short-interval intracortical facilitation (SICF). Significance at p<0.05.ResultsParticipants were randomised to anodal (n=11) or sham (n=10) tDCS. Participants were predominantly male (n=13) and had a mean (SD) age of 24.4 (4.7) years. For SICI, there was a group-by-time effect for anodal-tDCS (β=0.519, 95% CI 0.057 to 0.981, p=0.028) and an effect for time (β=−1.421, 95% CI −1.919 to −0.923, p<0.001). For LICI, there was no group-by-time (β=−0.217, 95% CI −0.916 to 0.482, p=0.543) or time effect (β=0.039, 95% CI −0.815 to −0.893, p=0.928). For SICF, there was a group-by-time effect for anodal-tDCS (β=−0.764, 95%CI −1.407 to −0.120, p=0.020) but not time (β=0.504, 95% CI −0.627 to 1.635, p=0.383).ConclusionThis study provided proof of the efficacy of anodal-tDCS post ACLR in reducing maladaptive quadriceps inhibition and facilitation. We demonstrated anodal-tDCS improved facilitation and inhibition post ACLR, which are drivers of arthrogenic muscle inhibition.
Efficacy and safety outcomes of endovascular versus best medical treatment in posterior cerebral artery occlusion stroke
Authors: Guo Yu , Zhang Wentai , Xu Yonggang , Chen Meilin , Ye Xinchen , Liu Chao , Yang Mingfei , Luo Wenmiao 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundThe management of acute ischemic stroke due to isolated posterior cerebral artery occlusion (iPCAO) remains a topic of debate. This study investigates the efficacy and safety of endovascular treatment (EVT) versus best medical treatment (BMT) in patients with iPCAO.MethodsA systematic search was conducted across electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Controlled studies comparing EVT and BMT in patients with iPCAO were selected. The primary efficacy outcome assessed was excellent outcome, defined as a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0–1. The primary safety outcome was symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH). Secondary outcomes included functional independence (mRS 0–2), early neurological improvement (ENI), and mortality rates. Statistical analyses were conducted using random effects models.ResultsEleven retrospective cohort studies involving 1811 patients with EVT and 2871 patients with BMT were analyzed. Compared with BMT, EVT was associated with a higher likelihood of an excellent outcome (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.33, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.54) and ENI (aOR 1.66, 95% CI 1.39 to 1.98), but no significant difference in functional independence (aOR 1.02, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.18). Compared with BMT, EVT may not be associated with an increased risk of sICH in patients with iPCAO (aOR 1.34, 95% CI 0.60 to 3.02) or mortality (aOR 1.31, 95% CI 0.83 to 2.08), although heterogeneity was high.ConclusionsEVT may improve the likelihood of an excellent outcome and ENI in patients with iPCAO. However, the potential risks of sICH and mortality warrant consideration. Randomized trials are required to establish the definitive efficacy and safety of EVT in this patient population.
Vasodilator drugs and heart-related outcomes in systemic sclerosis: an exploratory analysis
Authors: Guédon Alexis F , Carrat Fabrice , Mouthon Luc , Launay David , Chaigne Benjamin , Pugnet Grégory , Lega Jean-Christophe , Hot Arnaud , Cottin Vincent , Agard Christian , Allanore Yannick , Fauchais Anne Laure , Lescoat Alain , Dhote Robin , Papo Thomas , Chatelus Emmanuel , Bonnotte Bernard , Kahn Jean-Emmanuel , Diot Elisabeth , Aouba Achille , Magy-Bertrand Nadine , Queyrel Viviane , Le Quellec Alain , Kieffer Pierre , Amoura Zahir , Granel Brigitte , Gaultier Jean Baptiste , Balquet Marie-Hélène , Wahl Denis , Lidove Olivier , Espitia Olivier , Cohen Ariel , Fain Olivier , Hachulla Eric , Mekinian Arsène , Rivière Sébastien 
Published: December 2024

Background and aimsSystemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune connective disease characterised by excessive extracellular matrix deposition and widespread skin and internal organ fibrosis including various cardiac manifestations. Heart involvement is one of the leading causes of death among patients with SSc. In this study, we aimed to assess the effect of various vasodilator treatments.MethodsWe used data from a national multicentric prospective study using the French SSc national database. We estimated the average treatment effect (ATE) of sildenafil, bosentan, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and iloprost on diastolic dysfunction, altered ejection fraction <50% and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) using a causal method, namely the longitudinal targeted minimum loss-based estimation, to adjust for confounding and informative censoring.ResultsWe included 1048 patients with available data regarding treatment. Regarding sildenafil analyses, the ATE on diastolic dysfunction at 3 years was −2.83% (95% CI −4.06; −1.60, p<0.00001), and the estimated ATE on altered ejection fraction <50% was −0.88% (95% CI −1.70; −0.05, p=0.037). We did not find a significative effect on PAH. Regarding bosentan, ACE inhibitors and iloprost, none of them neither showed a significant effect on diastolic dysfunction, altered ejection fraction <50% or PAH.ConclusionsUsing causal methods, our study is the first and largest suggesting that sildenafil might have benefits among SSc patients regarding diastolic dysfunction and altered ejection fraction occurrence. However, further studies assessing the effect of vasodilators on heart-related outcome among SSc patients are needed to confirm those exploratory results.
Thermodynamic Modeling of Point Defects in Triple Conducting Perovskite Ba0.95La0.05FeO3−δ with Incorporation of the Hydride Defect Formation Reaction for Solid Oxide Cells
Authors: Lee Yueh-Lin , Duan Yuhua , Sorescu Dan C. , Saidi Wissam A. , Morgan Dane , Epting William K. , Hackett Gregory , Abernathy Harry W. 
Published: December 2024

Distinct from the proton defect, the hydride defect species may be present in certain perovskite materials in reducing environments such as in fuel electrodes of solid oxide cells (SOCs) or on the reducing side of ceramic membranes. A generalized defect thermodynamic model was developed for the triple-conducting perovskites (La,Ba)Fe1−xMxO3−δ
(M = Y and Zr) to allow inclusion of the hydride defect formation reaction in addition to the other three main defect reactions, namely, the oxygen vacancy formation, hydration, and charge disproportionation reactions. This comprehensive defect model also allows the incorporation of polynomial functional forms of oxygen nonstoichiometry δ to describe the defect reaction energies and entropies and to enable refinements of the defect reaction equilibrium constants in the defect thermodynamic analysis. As a first step, the developed model is applied to the Ba0.95La0.05FeO3−δ
material as an illustrative system to obtain its Brouwer diagrams with both the proton and hydride defects in relevant SOC conditions, particularly for more reducing environments. The results provide direct guidance on the influence of electronic and ionic defect concentrations upon thermodynamic properties and ultimately on the performance of Ba0.95La0.05FeO3−δ
and potentially other (La,Ba)Fe1−xMxO3−δ
perovskite materials involved in SOC applications.
Optimization of air drying of whole-flavoured Acheta domesticus to improve quality and safety
Authors: Velásquez-Ortiz J. , Galán-Méndez F. , Andrade-Velásquez A. , Hernández-Rodrı́guez D. , Melgar-Lalanne G. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In Mexico, the traditional consumption of wild-harvested grasshoppers (chapulı́n) flavoured with hot pepper, salt, and lemon and consumed in their whole and recognizable form has raised concerns regarding safety and preservation. This study introduces the house cricket (Acheta domesticus) as a promising edible insect in its whole form, offering a safer and more sustainable alternative. The research focuses on determining the optimal conditions for oven-drying whole and recognizable specimens of this insect flavoured with salt, hot pepper, and citric acid. The satisfaction level of potential consumers from Veracruz, Mexico, was also evaluated. Four oven-drying temperatures (50 to 65 °C) were tested and modelled using flavoured, dry, and smoked Capsicum annum L., salt, and citric acid. The logarithmic the model could fit better the drying kinetic, and the temperature chosen was 60 °C. The whole, flavoured and dried A. domesticus obtained showed a low microbiological load and peroxide index. Moreover, the sensory analysis conducted with 102 panellists indicated that whole-flavoured samples were generally well accepted, encouraging the potential for widespread adoption in the country. The presented research highlights the potential utilization of processed whole insects with consumer-appealing flavouring as an alternative novelty and well-accepted protein source.
Polystyrene Nanoparticles-coated Astragalus Polysaccharides Affects the Development of Prostate Cancer by Regulating Glycolysis of DAP12/SYK Axis Through miR-370
Authors: Gao Cheng , Liu Zixiong , Tan Jiafu 
Published: December 2024

Background This study aims to explore the use of polystyrene nanoparticles as a carrier to encapsulate astragalus polysaccharides and regulate the glycolytic pathway of the DNAX-activating protein of 12 kDa/spleen tyrosine kinase (DAP12/SYK) axis through miR-370, thereby affecting the development mechanism of prostate cancer. Materials and Methods Polystyrene nanoparticles coated with astragalus polysaccharide nanoparticles (APS/PDA NPs) were prepared, and PC-3 cell experiments were used for culture and further detection of miRNA and other genes, detection of glycolysis-related proteins and genes, and observation of the biology of PC-3 cells behavioral changes, exploring the mechanism of action of APS/PDA NPs. Results We successfully prepared composite materials of APS/PDA NPs, and found that APS/PDA NPs could inhibit glycolysis and induce apoptosis in PC-3 cells. Further experiments showed that APS/PDA NPs could increase miR-370 expression, inhibit glycolysis, and induce apoptosis. APS/PDA NPs play a strong role in inhibiting the DAP12/SYK axis, inhibiting glycolysis, and causing apoptosis. Combined with biological information and multiple experiments, it was confirmed that miR-370 targeted DAP12, and the inhibition of PCa progression by APS/PDA NPs was achieved through targeting miR-370 and negatively regulating the DAP12/SYK axis. Conclusion As a drug carrier, polystyrene nanoparticles can effectively deliver astragalus polysaccharides to prostate cancer cells, thereby increasing the local concentration of drugs and enhancing the therapeutic effect. More encouragingly, this drug carrier not only performed well in inhibiting glycolysis but also significantly upregulated the level of miR-370, which further inhibits the expression of DAP12, providing a new therapeutic idea for inhibiting the development of prostate cancer.
Using T-lymphocyte subsets at engraftment to predict the risk of acute graft-versus-host disease in patients with thalassemia major: development of a new predictive nomogram
Authors: Xiao Hongwen , Yang Gaohui , Huang Qiulin , Wei Zhenbin , Gan Zhaoping , Wu Meiqing , Shi Zeyan , Huang Huicheng , Pan Zhaofang , Liu Lianjin , Shi Lingling , Zhang Zhongming , Liu Rongrong , Lai Yongrong 
Published: December 2024

Background: Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) is the primary cause of mortality following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Objectives: This study aimed to predict the risk of aGvHD after HCT in patients with thalassemia major using a novel predictive nomogram. Design: A retrospective study was used to develop the prediction model. Methods: We performed retrospective analyses on 402 consecutive thalassemia patients who underwent HCT. Risk factors for aGvHD were analyzed using Cox proportional regression models. T-lymphocyte subsets were collected from 240 patients at the time of neutrophil engraftment. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator regression was utilized to screen the indices, with cut-off values established through restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression. The predictive model was developed by integrating these T-lymphocyte subsets with clinical features, aiming to enhance the accuracy of aGvHD risk prediction. Results: Among 402 thalassemia patients analyzed post-transplantation, significant independent risk factors for aGvHD included matched unrelated donors, haploid-related donors, peripheral blood stem cell infusions, and donor age older than 40 years. Our RCS analysis indicated a marked increase in aGvHD risk when CD4+ T-cell counts exceeded 36 cells/μL and CD8+ T-cell counts exceeded 43 cells/μL during neutrophil engraftment. The integration of T-lymphocyte subsets with clinical risk factors into a Cox regression model demonstrated good predictive performance for assessing aGvHD risk. Conclusion: This study presents a novel model designed to predict aGvHD in thalassemia patients post-transplantation by utilizing T-lymphocyte data at the time of engraftment. The model facilitates the creation of personalized treatment plans, aiming to minimize the incidence of aGvHD and improve patient outcomes.
Monkey king evolution (MKE)-GA-SVM model for subtype classification of breast cancer
Authors: Sarkar Suvobrata , Mali Kalyani 
Published: December 2024

Objective Recently, numerous research studies have concentrated on employing hybrid metaheuristic approaches for the analysis and diagnosis of breast cancer which motivated us to devise a computer-driven diagnostic tool that could aid in improving the precision of clinical decision-making. Methods In the present study, an integrated metaheuristic machine learning approach-based predictive model was developed that can classify breast cancer into subgroups using clinicopathological data acquired from tertiary care hospitals or oncological institutes. Results Monkey king evolution (MKE) was utilized to refine the hyperparameters of the support vector machine to achieve optimal settings, and genetic algorithm (GA) was used to choose the pertinent clinical and pathological attributes involved in classification before being applied to the support vector machine (SVM) classifier for prediction. A comparison was conducted between the results of the integrated MKE-GA-SVM model and those derived from conventional feature selection and hyperparameter tuning models such as GA-SVM, grid search-SVM, and SVM-recursive feature elimination (RFE). The effectiveness of the results was evaluated by applying the 10-fold cross-validation technique to the three multicentre datasets across all models. The integrated machine learning (ML) model achieved classification accuracies of 91.4%, 86.6%, and 75.5% across three clinicopathological breast cancer datasets, outperforming the existing models. The generated model performance was also assessed with notable metrics, namely F1-score, precision–recall curve, area under the ROC curve, mean square error and logarithmic loss. Conclusion Thus, the newly developed bio-inspired integrated metaheuristic model may be deployed as a surrogate diagnostic tool that allows clinicians to offer patients with better therapeutic outcomes.
Risk management strategy for generative AI in computing education: how to handle the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats?
Authors: Humble Niklas 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe idea of Artificial intelligence (AI) has a long history in both research and fiction and has been applied in educational settings since the 1970s. However, the topic of AI underwent a huge increase of interest with the release of ChatGPT in late 2022, and more people were talking about generative AI (GenAI or GAI). According to some estimates, the number of publications on generative AI increased with 2269.49% between 2022 and 2023, and the increase was even higher when related to computing education. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of generative AI in computing education, as highlighted by research published after the release of ChatGPT. The study applied a scoping literature review approach with a three-step process for identifying and including a total of 129 relevant research papers, published in 2023 and 2024, through the Web of Science and Scopus databases. Included papers were then analyzed with a theoretical thematic analysis, supported by the SWOT analysis framework, to identify themes of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats with generative AI for computing education. A total of 19 themes were identified through the analysis. Findings of the study have both theoretical and practical implications for computing education specifically, and higher education in general. Findings highlights several challenges posed by generative AI, such as potential biases, overreliance, and loss of skills; but also several possibilities, such as increasing motivation, educational transformation, and supporting teaching and learning. The study expands the traditional SWOT analysis, by providing a risk management strategy for handling the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of generative AI.
A field survey of eight common potato pathogens in China based on integrated-loop-mediated isothermal amplification assays
Authors: Zhang Xinjie , Chen Han , Wu Jinbin , Wang Xiao , Wang Shuaishuai , Chen Jingqi , Yu Qianpeng , Zhang Zhenxin , Zheng Xiaobo , Zeng Juan , Dong Suomeng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractVarious pathogens from oomycete, fungi, and bacteria kingdoms can infect potato and significantly reduce potato yield. The early diagnosis of potato pathogens is important for tracing disease epidemics and the subsequent disease management. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a critical technique for pathogen detection, but available LAMP assays do not effectively meet the requirement of field diagnoses due to complexities including co-infection of different pathogens. Hence, this study aims to develop integrated-LAMP assays (iLAMPs) for simultaneous detection of eight common potato pathogens and apply iLAMPs to pathogen detection in field samples from the four main potato-growing regions of China in 2023. Therefore, eight sets of primers showing gene- and genus-specificity were designed and used for iLAMPs to determine their specificity, sensitivity, and visualization. Subsequently, iLAMPs-mediated pathogen detection revealed that 72.82% of 206 diseased leaves and 84.94% of 239 diseased tubers carry more than one pathogen. The detection rate for each pathogen significantly varies from 1.94 to 65.53% in diseased leaves, and ranges from 26.78 to 52.72% in diseased tubers, respectively. In addition, the detection rate of Phytophthora infestans and Alternaria solani positively correlates in both leaves and tubers, especially for those samples from the southwestern and southern regions. Taken together, iLAMPs developed in this study enables simultaneous detection of eight common potato pathogens from field samples and may have broad applications in early management of potato diseases.