bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipoprotein(a) concentrations and cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease: Results from the German Chronic Kidney Disease study
Authors: Gruber Ida , Kollerits Barbara , Forer Lukas , Di Maio Silvia , Schachtl‐Riess Johanna F. , Kheirkhah Azin , Schönherr Sebastian , Schultheiss Ulla T. , Köttgen Anna , Eckardt Kai‐Uwe , Coassin Stefan , Lamina Claudia , Kronenberg Florian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundLipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is a causal, genetically determined risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have an increased CVD risk and elevated Lp(a) concentrations. Only a few studies on Lp(a) were performed in persons with mild‐to‐moderate CKD; none of them used genetic variants to explore potential causal associations.ObjectivesThis study aims to investigate the association of measured and genetically predicted Lp(a) concentrations on prevalent and incident CVD events in the German Chronic Kidney Disease (GCKD) study.MethodsThe study included 5043 participants of European ancestry with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between 30 and 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or an eGFR >60 mL/min/1.73 m2 in the presence of overt albuminuria with a follow‐up of 6.5 years.ResultsWith each 10 mg/dL higher Lp(a) concentration, odds for prevalent CVD (1290 events) increased 1.065‐fold (95%CI: 1.042–1.088, p < 0.001). The risk was significantly higher in patients with Lp(a) ≥50 mg/dL but most pronounced in Lp(a) ≥70 mg/dL (odds ratio = 1.775 [1.409–2.231], p < 0.001) compared to Lp(a) <30 mg/dL. Each 10 mg/dL higher Lp(a) concentration and Lp(a) ≥70 mg/dL increased the risk for incident 3‐point major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) (474 events): hazard ratio [HR] = 1.037 [1.009–1.067], p = 0.009 and HR = 1.335 [1.001–1.781], p = 0.050), respectively. Similar results were obtained for 4‐point MACE (653 events). Analyses based on apo(a) isoforms and genetically predicted Lp(a) concentrations led to even stronger associations.ConclusionsIn patients with mild‐to‐severe CKD, elevated Lp(a) concentrations and genetic determinants of Lp(a) concentrations are significantly associated with CVD at baseline and during follow‐up, independent of traditional risk factors.
It could be my son! ‘Himpathy’ and the male fear defence in rape trials
Authors: UHNOO SARA , WETTERGREN ÅSA , BLADINI MOA 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWhy do legal professionals mention their sons when discussing a new consent‐based rape law? Drawing on feminist legal studies and sociology of emotions, this article investigates a discourse of male fear of rape accusations among Swedish legal professionals and how defence lawyers strategically employ it. The analysis shows that a male fear defence is deployed to evoke a specific kind of sympathy termed ‘himpathy’ among judges. The male fear discourse serves as a himpathy resource to problematize the implications of the new rape law and to explain irrational behaviour from men accused of rape, instilling doubts about the complainant's credibility, suggesting false accusations, and creating an imagined ‘ruined’ future for the accused man if convicted, including his and his relatives’ shame over the rapist stigma. The findings highlight the role of background emotions in legal practice concerning rape and how the law remains ‘himpathetic’ despite radical consent‐based rape legislation.
Paternal involvement and children's internalization of gender roles in early childhood
Authors: Herbaut Estelle , Delès Romain , Diter Kevin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigates the effects of paternal involvement on the frequency of gender‐incongruent activities in children's play at age 2.BackgroundRecent research suggests that paternal involvement is associated with more gender egalitarian attitudes in children and a more egalitarian distribution of housework tasks between sons and daughters. Although previous studies have tested the effects of paternal involvement on teenage children, the process of internalization of gender norms and roles in early childhood has not yet been investigated.MethodAnalyses are based on the French Elfe cohort with information at age 2 for 11,564 children born in 2011. Multivariate linear and multinomial logistic regression models were run separately for sons and daughters.ResultsPaternal involvement in early childhood was associated with more frequent gender‐incongruent activities in boys' but not in girls' play at age 2. The effect of paternal involvement further varied depending on the type of involvement: involvement in housework tasks and childcare was associated with more gender‐incongruent activities for sons but paternal participation in children's play increased the frequency of activities gender‐typed as masculine, independently of the child's sex.ConclusionPaternal involvement in housework and childcare in early childhood shapes gender‐typed activities in toddlers' play for sons but not for daughters. It contributes to “undoing gender” in play activities for boys and, in doing so, narrows the gender gap in children's play.
Rapid declines in species diversity and occurrence of common plant species are related to nutrient availability and soil moisture in open habitats
Authors: Buron Maxime , Porcher Emmanuelle , Fédoroff Eric , Berrod Luc , Vallet Jeanne , Bardet Olivier , Martin Gabrielle , Machon Nathalie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimsEnvironmental changes in Europe influence plant community composition, but the literature quantifying these changes often shows inconsistent trends, due mostly to heterogeneous survey methods. Here, we investigated temporal changes in plants over 12 years at the species and community level at a regional scale, using a standardized, plot‐based monitoring scheme.LocationData originated from 1,389 permanent plots of a standardized monitoring scheme targeting plant communities. Plots were distributed in the Burgundy region (France), initially grouped into 175 (2 km × 2 km) grid cells containing eight 10‐m2 plots each, that were surveyed in at least 2 years between 2009 and 2020.MethodsWe characterized changes in vascular plants in 10‐m2 plots by examining the temporal changes in the probability of occurrence of common species, changes in species diversity using species richness, Shannon–Wiener and Pielou's indices and changes in abundance‐weighted mean community ecological preferences using Ellenberg indicator values.ResultsAcross 198 common species, probability of occurrence in the region has shown a decline since 2009. This decline is associated with a general decrease by 13% of both species richness and the Shannon index between 2009 and 2020. This trend was stronger in annual crops and grasslands, whereas forest diversity remained relatively constant over time. Pielou's index diminished on average, except in natural forests. Mean community Ellenberg indicator values suggested slight changes in plant community composition, with an increasing preference for nutrient‐poor soils and Atlantic conditions over time.ConclusionsThe observed biodiversity loss in the Burgundy region is consistent with a widespread shift in community composition in response to environmental change. Existing conservation measures do not seem to compensate for the average losses, indicating that these measures are still inadequate to protect plant communities. Our approach also emphasizes the speed at which plant communities are changing and thus the need for better monitoring of the European flora.
Damage‐level classification considering both correlation between image and text data and confidence of attention map
Authors: Maeda Keisuke , Ogawa Naoki , Ogawa Takahiro , Haseyama Miki 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn damage‐level classification, deep learning. models are more likely to focus on regions unrelated to classification targets because of the complexities inherent in real data, such as the diversity of damages (e.g., crack, efflorescence, and corrosion). This causes performance degradation. To solve this problem, it is necessary to handle data complexity and uncertainty. This study proposes a multimodal deep learning model that can focus on damaged regions using text data related to damage in images, such as materials and components. Furthermore, by adjusting the effect of attention maps on damage‐level classification performance based on the confidence calculated when estimating these maps, the proposed method realizes an accurate damage‐level classification. Our contribution is the development of a model with an end‐to‐end multimodal attention mechanism that can simultaneously consider both text and image data and the confidence of the attention map. Finally, experiments using real images validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Noise‐robust structural response estimation method using short‐time Fourier transform and long short‐term memory
Authors: Yun Da Yo , Park Hyo Seon 
Published: November 2024

AbstractStructural response estimation based on deep learning can suffer from reduced estimation performance owing to discrepancies between the training and test data as the noise level in the test data increases. This study proposes a short‐time Fourier transform‐based long short‐term memory (STFT‐LSTM) model to improve estimation performance in the presence of noise and ensure estimation robustness. This model enables robust estimations in the presence of noise by positioning an STFT layer before feeding the data into the LSTM layer. The output transformed into the time‐frequency domain by the STFT layer is learned by the LSTM model. The robustness of the proposed model was validated using a numerical model with three degrees of freedom at various signal‐to‐noise ratio levels, and its robustness against impulse and periodic noise was verified. Experimental validation assessed the estimation robustness under impact load and verified the robustness against environmental noise in the acquired acceleration response.
Identification and Validation of Novel Quantitative Trait Loci for Grain Hardness in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Hu Wenjing , Wang Zunjie , You Junchao , Yong Rui , Li Dongshen , Gao Zhifu , Jia Jizeng , Lu Chengbin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTGrain hardness (GH) plays an important role in wheat quality evaluation. Identification of new genes or quantitative trait loci (QTL) for GH is an effective strategy for wheat quality breeding. Here, we used a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between two hard wheat Yangmai 4 (YM4) and Yanzhan 1 (YZ1) to identify QTL for GH. No QTL was detected on 5D chromosome, as parents YM4 and YZ1 possessed the two hard alleles Pinb‐D1b and Pinb‐D1p at the Hardness‐5D (Ha‐5D) locus, respectively. A total of three GH QTL were identified, among which QGh.yaas‐4B and QGh.yaas‐7D could be detected in all experiments and for mean value, explaining 8.69%–15.07% of the phenotypic variances. QGh.yaas‐4D, co‐located with Rht‐D1, was detected in one experiment and for mean value, explaining 9.94%–11.39% of the phenotypic variances. We were not able to precisely validate QGh.yaas‐4B due to its large mapping interval. Kompetitive allele‐specific PCR (KASP) markers for QGh.yaas‐7D were successfully developed, and then QGh.yaas‐4D and QGh.yaas‐7D were validated in a panel of 101 wheat cultivars/lines (all carrying Pina‐D1a and Pinb‐D1a alleles). Cultivars/lines harbouring the positive alleles of QGh.yaas‐4D and QGh.yaas‐7D increased GH by 85.16% relative to the ones without any positive allele. These results provide new loci and resources in molecular breeding for wheat hardness.
Serotonergic underpinnings of obsessive‐compulsive disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of neuroimaging findings
Authors: Pastre Martin , Occéan Bob‐Valéry , Boudousq Vincent , Conejero Ismael , Fabbro‐Peray Pascale , Collombier Laurent , Mallet Luc , Lopez‐Castroman Jorge 
Published: November 2024

Obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) is a frequent and disabling condition, with many patients being treatment‐resistant. Improved understanding of its neurobiology is vital for better therapies. Evidence is still conflicting regarding specific serotonergic‐related dysfunctions in OCD. We systematically reviewed the literature to provide a quantitative assessment of the role of serotonin (5‐HT) in patients with untreated OCD through imaging. We searched for neuroimaging studies investigating central 5‐HT tonus in unmedicated patients with OCD, excluding studies comprising treated patients to prevent bias from antidepressant‐induced changes in serotonergic tonus. We also conducted a meta‐analysis using a homogeneous group of positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography articles that compared 5‐HT transporter (SERT) and 5‐HT2A receptor (HT2AR) binding potential in different brain regions of patients with untreated OCD and healthy controls. The systematic review encompassed 18 articles, with 13 included in the subsequent meta‐analysis. Risk of bias was assessed by a revised form of the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. We provided standardized mean difference (SMD) values for SERT and 5‐HT2AR binding potential measures across 15 different brain regions. Patients with OCD showed lower SERT binding potential in the brainstem (SMD = −1.13, 95% CI [−1.81 to −0.46]), midbrain (SMD = −0.54, 95% CI [−0.92 to −0.16]), and thalamus/hypothalamus regions (SMD = −0.58, 95% CI [−0.99 to −0.18]) with neglectable to moderate heterogeneity. By combining results from 2 decades of molecular imaging studies, we show that individuals with OCD exhibit lower SERT binding potential in specific brain regions, providing compelling evidence of a 5‐HT system dysfunction. However, the exact mechanisms underlying this phenotype remain elusive. The limitations include heterogeneity across studies in populations, imaging techniques, and radiotracer usage.
Anti‐saccade can be used as a screening tool for early cognitive impairment: a correlation study based on anti‐saccade parameters and cognitive function
Authors: Yang Liwen , Lu Lingmei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundEye movement tasks, especially anti‐saccade tasks, have been used to assess cognitive function in patients with neuropsychiatric disorders. Although it has been shown that individuals with cognitive impairment perform worse on anti‐saccades tasks, there is a lack of systematic evaluation of the sensitivity of parameters of anti‐saccades to assess different subtypes of cognitive impairment.MethodsA total of 158 participants were enrolled in this study, consisting of 66 men and 92 women, with an average age of 50.2 ± 10 years. The comparison of pro‐saccade reaction time, anti‐saccade reaction time, and error rates in the saccade task between individuals with cognitive impairments and a normal group was conducted. Furthermore, we systematically analyzed the correlations between the performance in neurological function tests (Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Stroop) and these anti‐saccade parameters. Especially, the correlation between these parameters and cognitive function in different domains of the MoCA task were also evaluated.ResultsThe pro‐saccade reaction time, anti‐saccade reaction time and error rate were negatively correlated with the MMSE and MoCA scores (P < 0.001), and positively correlated with the time used in Stroop tasks. Among them, the error rate had the strongest correlation with the performance of MMSE, MoCA and Stroop tasks (MoCA: P < 0.0001, r2 = −0.608; MMSE: P < 0.0001, r2 = −0.344; Stroop: P < 0.0001, r2 = 0.455). Among the seven cognitive domains examined by the MoCA task, error rates had relatively high correlations with visuospatial/executive (P < 0.0001, r2 = −0.4660) and delayed recall (P < 0.0001, r2 = −0.4228) compared to naming, language (P = 0.0004, r2 = −0.0788), attention (P = 0.0004, r2 = −0.0780), abstraction (P < 0.0001, r2 = −0.1515), orientation (P < 0.0001, r2 = −0.1075). Moreover, pro‐saccade reaction time, anti‐saccade reaction time and error rate of people with high MoCA scores were significantly higher than those of people with low MoCA scores, which can be used to identify people with mild cognitive impairment.ConclusionsOur study's results provide valuable clinical evidence supporting the effectiveness of anti‐saccades in assessing cognitive impairment, which is beneficial for screening and timely clinical intervention in individuals with specific cognitive impairment.
Estimating the Laffer tax rate on capital income: cross‐base responses matter!
Authors: Lefebvre Marie‐Noëlle , Lehmann Etienne , Sicsic Michaël 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe express the Laffer tax rate on capital income using direct elasticity (capital income response) and cross‐elasticity (labor income response) to the net‐of‐tax rate on capital income. We estimate these elasticities using salient capital tax reforms that took place in France between 2008 and 2017. We use graphical analysis and instrumental variable estimates to confirm significant responses of capital and labor incomes. Both methods lead to positive labor responses, contrary to income‐shifting predictions. Omitting cross‐elasticity suggests a Laffer rate around 57 percent. However, incorporating our positive cross‐elasticity estimate lowers the rate to about 43 percent, taking labor income tax into account.
Resuscitation of adult shocked trauma patients using major haemorrhage protocol guided by viscoelastic haemostatic assays versus formulaic approach
Authors: Mitra Biswadev , Wake Elizabeth , Talarico Carly , Czuchwicki Sarah , Koolstra Christine , Campbell Don , Hendel Simon , Winearls James 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe resuscitation of trauma patients with critical bleeding may follow a formulaic approach using high ratios of blood components or a viscoelastic haemostatic assay (VHA) guided approach. The aim of this study was to compare the two strategies for resuscitation of shocked trauma patients.MethodsThis was a registry‐based cohort study including shocked trauma patients from two trauma centres–one practising a formulaic approach, with VHA unavailable during trauma resuscitation and the other practicing a VHA‐guided resuscitation strategy. The primary outcome was the total units of blood components transfused in 24 h after adjusting for differences in baseline characteristics and time to death.ResultsBetween 01 Jan 2020 and 31 Dec 2022, 152 eligible patients were categorised to the formulaic group and 40 to the VHA group. Prehospital times were longer in the formulaic group (2.0 vs. 1.4 h), and more patients in the VHA group (38% vs. 17%) were transfused prehospital blood components. Formulaic resuscitation was associated with significantly more blood components transfused (adjusted incidence rate ratio 1.5; 95%CI: 1.4–1.7, p < 0.001). Using a formulaic approach, patients were administered more red blood cells, plasma and platelets, but fewer cryoprecipitate. There was no significant association of the formulaic approach with in‐hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio 2.4; 95%CI: 0.7–8.0, p = 0.17).ConclusionsGiven the cost and potential adverse effects of blood component transfusions, VHA‐guided transfusion strategies present an attractive option, particularly among centres managing high volumes of shocked patients. Further trials, enrolling the population most likely to benefit from precision transfusion strategies, are indicated.
Unraveling the impact of host genetics and factors on the urinary microbiome in a young population
Authors: Zou Leying , Zhang Zhe , Chen Junhong , Guo Ruijin , Tong Xin , Ju Yanmei , Lu Haorong , Yang Huanming , Wang Jian , Zong Yang , Xu Xun , Jin Xin , Xiao Liang , Jia Huijue , Zhang Tao , Liu Xiaomin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

The significance of the urinary microbiome in maintaining health and contributing to disease development is increasingly recognized. However, a comprehensive understanding of this microbiome and its influencing factors remains elusive. Utilizing whole metagenomic and whole-genome sequencing, along with detailed metadata, we characterized the urinary microbiome and its influencing factors in a cohort of 1,579 Chinese individuals. Our findings unveil the distinctiveness of the urinary microbiome from other four body sites, delineating five unique urotypes dominated by
Gardnerella vaginalis, Sphingobium fluviale, Lactobacillus iners, Variovorax
sp. PDC80, and
Acinetobacter junii
, respectively. We identified 108 host factors significantly influencing the urinary microbiome, collectively explaining 12.92% of the variance in microbial composition. Notably, gender-related factors, including sex hormones, emerged as key determinants in defining urotype groups, microbial composition and pathways, with the urinary microbiome exhibiting strong predictive ability for gender (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.843). Furthermore, we discovered 43 genome-wide significant associations between host genetic loci and specific urinary bacteria,
Acinetobacter
in particular, linked to eight host loci (
P
< 5 × 10
−8
). These associations were also modulated by gender and sex hormone levels. In summary, our study provides novel insights into the impact of host genetics and other factors on the urinary microbiome, shedding light on its implications for host health and disease.

IMPORTANCE
The urinary microbiome, essential to human health, reveals its unique qualities in our study of 1,579 Chinese individuals. We identified distinctive microbial profiles, or “urotypes,” and uncovered strong gender-related influences, particularly from sex hormones, on these microbial communities. Our research highlights significant genetic associations affecting specific urinary bacteria, indicating a deep interaction between our genetics and our microbiome. These insights not only enhance our understanding of the urinary microbiome’s role in health and disease but also open new pathways for personalized medical strategies, making our findings crucial for future diagnostic and therapeutic innovations. This work underscores the intricate relationship between our body’s biological processes and the microorganisms within, providing valuable knowledge for both scientific and medical communities.
ω-Amidase and Its Substrate α-Ketoglutaramate (the α-Keto Acid Analogue of Glutamine) as Biomarkers in Health and Disease
Authors: Cooper Arthur J. L. , Denton Travis T. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A large literature exists on the biochemistry, chemistry, metabolism, and clinical importance of the α-keto acid analogues of many amino acids. However, although glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in human tissues, and transamination of glutamine to its α-keto acid analogue (α-ketoglutaramate; KGM) was described more than seventy years ago, little information is available on the biological importance of KGM. Herein, we summarize the metabolic importance of KGM as an intermediate in the glutamine transaminase – ω-amidase (GTωA) pathway for the conversion of glutamine to anaplerotic α-ketoglutarate. We describe some properties of KGM, notably its occurrence as a lactam (2-hydroxy-5-oxoproline; 99.7% at pH 7.2), and its presence in normal tissues and body fluids. We note that the concentration of KGM is elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid of liver disease patients and that the urinary KGM/creatinine ratio is elevated in patients with an inborn error of the urea cycle and in patients with citrin deficiency. Recently, of the 607 urinary metabolites measured in a kidney disease study, KGM was noted to be one of five metabolites that was most significantly associated with uromodulin (a potential biomarker for tubular functional mass). Finally, we note that KGM is an intermediate in the breakdown of nicotine in certain organisms and is an important factor in nitrogen homeostasis in some microorganisms and plants. In conclusion, we suggest that biochemists and clinicians should consider KGM as (i) a key intermediate in nitrogen metabolism in all branches of life, and (ii) a biomarker, along with ω-amidase, in several diseases.