bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cottonseed oil bleaching by acid-activated montmorillonite
Authors: Falaras P. , Kovanis I. , Lezou F. , Seiragakis G. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractA progressive decrease in cation exchange capcity (CEC) values was observed by treating Ca-montmorillonite with sulphuric acid solutions and this can be understood in terms of the layered structure of the clay. Elemental analysis showed that moderate activation occurred and only 25–30% of the octahedral cations were removed. At the same time the total surface area and the clay acidity increase. X-ray and FTIR data confirmed that acid activation affects both the octahedral and the tetrahedral sheets. The efficiency of acid-activated montmorillonite for the bleaching of cottonseed oil was investigated. The differences in bleaching efficiency appeared to be due to differences in the physical and chemical properties of the bleaching media. The oil acid value was not affected by the bleaching procedure but a slight shift in the absorption maximum of the bleached cottonseed oil was observed. Medium activation of the clay (treatment of Ca-montmorillonite with 4 N H2SO4) was the most effective in bleaching the cottonseed oil, resulting in the best colour index and the lowest peroxide value. A linear dependence of the bleaching efficiency on the clay surface area and acidity was observed. The role of the increased Bronsted acidity is also discussed.
Adsorption of DL-alanine by allophane: effect of pH and unit particle aggregation
Authors: Hashizume H. , Theng B. K. G. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe adsorption of DL-alanine at pH 4, 6 and 8 by a soil allophane has been determined. Two sets of experiments were carried out: (1) in which the allophane had been kept in a moist state throughout; and (2) in which the mineral had previously been dried at 50°C. In both instances, the adsorption isotherms showed three distinct regions as the concentration of alanine in solution was increased: (1) an initial, nearly linear, rise at low equilibrium concentrations; (2) a levelling off to a plateau at intermediate concentrations; and (3) a steep linear increase at high concentrations. For comparable concentrations of alanine in solution, adsorption decreased in the order pH 6 > pH 8 > pH 4. Irrespective of pH, however, more alanine was adsorbed by the ‘wet’ allophane than by its ‘dry’ counterpart. These observations are interpreted in terms of the morphology and aggregation of allophane unit particles together with the pH-dependent charge characteristics of allophane and alanine. The results are compared with published data on the adsorption of alanine by montmorillonite.
MappingREEdistribution in scheelite using luminescence
Authors: Brugger J. , Bettiol A. A. , Costa S. , Lahaye Y. , Bateman R. , Lambert D. D. , Jamieson D. N. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn situlaser ablation high resolution ICP-MS analyses of scheelite from hydrothermal veins at the Archaean Mt. Charlotte gold deposit (Western Australia) show inhomogeneousREEdistribution at small scale (<100 μm). In a limited number of samples, variations of the cathodoluminescence (CL) colours from blue to yellow are linked to theREEcontent of scheelite, and reveal oscillatory zoning of theREEwith zone widths between 1 μm and 100 μm. However, CL failed to reveal the zoning in most inhomogeneous scheelite samples. A nuclear microprobe has been used to characterize the distribution ofREEin these samples. No reasonable map for the distribution ofREEcould be obtained by particle induced X-ray emission, because of interferences withW-Llines. However, monochromatic ionoluminescence (IL) maps collected at the wavelength of the mainREE3+luminescence peaks revealed oscillatory zoning. Therefore, IL is a powerful tool for mapping the distribution ofREEin natural scheelite. Monochromatic IL maps allow us to determine the nature of the inhomogeneous distribution ofREEin scheelite, fundamental information for using theREEin this mineral as a marker for the chemistry of ore-forming fluids, and for interpreting Sm-Nd isotopic data.
Chevkinite-group minerals from salic volcanic rocks of the East African Rift
Authors: Macdonald R. , Marshall A. S. , Dawson J. B. , Hinton R. W. , Hill P. G. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractElectron microprobe analyses are presented of chevkinite-group minerals occurring as microphenocrysts in peralkaline rhyolites of the Greater Olkaria Volcanic Complex (Kenya) and as a groundmass phase in a peralkaline quartz trachyte lava from the Tarosero volcano (Tanzania), both in the East African Rift Valley. Their compositions conform closely to the formula: (REE, Ca, Th)4Fe2+(Fe2+, Al, Ti, Zr, Nb)2Ti2(Si4O22). Compared to published analyses of chevkinite-group minerals, the Olkaria phases are relatively enriched in Nb and theLREE; the Tarosero phase is more calcic and relatively Zr- and Nb-rich. The main substitution in theAsite at Olkaria is Ca ⇌ Ce. The overall charge-balancing substitution seems to be (McDowell, 1979):Phenocryst/glass ratios are presented for Nb,REE, Sr, Th, U and Y in two, and Ba, Zr and Hf in one, Kenyan samples. Partition coefficients are lower in the more peralkaline rock, with the exception of Sr, which is higher. The lower values are consistent with a lower degree of polymerization of more peralkaline melts. The higher Sr value may be a function of Sr partitioning into phenocryst phases coexisting with chevkinite.
Recommended nomenclature for zeolite minerals: report of the subcommittee on zeolites of the International Mineralogical Association, Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names
Authors: Coombs Douglas S. , Alberti Alberto , Armbruster Thomas , Artioli Gilberto , Colella Carmine , Galli Ermanno , Grice Joel D. , Liebau Friedrich , Mandarino Joseph A. , Minato Hideo , Nickel Ernest H. , Passaglia Elio , Peacor Donald R. , Quartieri Simona , Rinaldi Romano , Ross Malcolm , Sheppard Richard A. , Tillmanns Ekkehart , Vezzalini Giovanna 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis report embodies recommendations on zeolite nomenclature approved by the International Mineralogical Association Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names. In a working definition of a zeolite mineral used for this review, interrupted tetrahedral framework structures are accepted where other zeolitic properties prevail, and complete substitution by elements other than Si and Al is allowed. Separate species are recognized in topologically distinctive compositional series in which different extra-framework cations are the most abundant in atomic proportions. To name these, the appropriate chemical symbol is attached by a hyphen to the series name as a suffix except for the names harmotome, pollucite and wairakite in the phillipsite and analcime series. Differences in spacegroup symmetry and in order—disorder relationships in zeolites having the same topologically distinctive framework do not in general provide adequate grounds for recognition of separate species. Zeolite species are not to be distinguished solely on Si : Al ratio except for heulandite (Si : Al < 4.0) and clinoptilolite (Si : Al ⩾ 4.0). Dehydration, partial hydration, and over-hydration are not sufficient grounds for the recognition of separate species of zeolites. Use of the term ‘ideal formula’ should be avoided in referring to a simplified or averaged formula of a zeolite.Newly recognized species in compositional series are as follows: brewsterite-Sr, -Ba; chabazite-Ca, - Na, -K; clinoptilolite-K, -Na, -Ca; dachiardite-Ca, -Na; erionite-Na, -K, -Ca; faujasite-Na, -Ca, -Mg; ferrierite-Mg, -K, -Na; gmelinite-Na, -Ca, -K; heulandite-Ca, -Na, -K, -Sr; levyne-Ca, -Na; paulingite-K, -Ca; phillipsite-Na, -Ca, -K; stilbite-Ca, -Na.Key references, type locality, origin of name, chemical data, IZA structure-type symbols, space-group symmetry, unit-cell dimensions, and comments on structure are listed for 13 compositional series, 82 accepted zeolite mineral species, and three of doubtful status. Herschelite, leonhardite, svetlozarite, and wellsite are discredited as mineral species names. Obsolete and discredited names are listed.
The structure of antimonian dussertite and the role of antimony in oxysalt
minerals
Authors: Kolitsch U. , Slade P. G. , Tiekink E. R. T. , Pring A. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
The structure of antimonian dussertite, (AsO4)2(OH,H2O)6,
has been refined in space group R3̄m with
a 7.410(3), c 17.484(4)
Å, Z = 3, to R = 3.2 % and
Rw = 3.7 % using 377 observed
reflections with I ≥ 3 σ(I).
The structure is of the alunite-type and consists of sheets of corner-sharing
(Fe3+,Sb5+)O6
octahedra parallel to (0001). The substitution of Sb5+ for
Fe3+, and not for As5+, is
unambiguously demonstrated not only by the structure refinement but also by
electron microprobe analyses and crystal-chemical considerations. The
icosahedrally coordinated Ba cations occupy cavities between pairs of octahedral
sheets and are surrounded by six O atoms from the AsO4
tetrahedra and six O atoms from the
(Fe3+,Sb5+)O6
octahedra. The mean bond lengths for the various coordination polyhedra are As-O
1.684(3) Å, (Fe,Sb)-O 2.004(1) Å, and Ba-O 2.872(2) Å. A hydrogen-bonding network
is modelled using bond-valence calculations. The dussertite sample investigated is
the first member of the crandallite group found to contain substantial
Sb.
Treatment of newly diagnosed and relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia with intravenous liposomal all-transretinoic acid
Authors: Douer Dan , Estey Elihu , Santillana Sergio , Bennett John M. , Lopez-Bernstein Gabriel , Boehm Kristi , Williams Tony 
Published: July 2002

AbstractA novel intravenous liposomal formulation of all-transretinoic acid (ATRA) was evaluated in 69 patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL): 32 new diagnoses, 35 relapses, and 2 oral ATRA failures. Liposomal ATRA (90 mg/m2) was administered every other day until complete remission (CR) or a maximum of 56 days. Treatment following CR was liposomal ATRA with or without chemotherapy. In an intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis of all patients, CR rates were 62%, 70%, and 20% in newly diagnosed, group 1 first relapses (ATRA naive or off oral ATRA more than or equal to 1 year), or group 2 relapses (second or subsequent relapse or first relapses off oral ATRA less than 1 year), respectively. In 56 evaluable patients (receiving 4 or more doses), CR rates for the same groups were 87% (20 of 23), 78% (14 of 18), and 23% (3 of 13). Remission failure in newly diagnosed patients was not from resistant disease. Several patients in CR became polymerase chain reaction (PCR) negative for promyelocytic leukemia/retinoic acid receptor-alpha (PML/RARα) after liposomal ATRA alone. Toxicity was generally mild, most commonly headaches (67.5%). Eighteen patients (26%) had ATRA syndrome develop during induction. One-year survival of ITT patients was 62%, 56%, and 20% for newly diagnosed, group 1, and group 2, respectively. The medium duration of CR has not yet been reached and was 18 and 5.5 months in the same groups. These results demonstrate that liposomal ATRA is effective in inducing CR in newly diagnosed or group 1 APL patients. It provides a reliable dosage of ATRA for patients with APL unable to swallow or absorb medications and can induce molecular remissions without chemotherapy.
Prevalence and prognostic significance of Flt3 internal tandem duplication in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Meshinchi Soheil , Woods William G. , Stirewalt Derek L. , Sweetser David A. , Buckley Jonathan D. , Tjoa Thomas K. , Bernstein Irwin D. , Radich Jerald P. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe Flt3 gene encodes a tyrosine kinase receptor that regulates proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells. An internal tandem duplication of the Flt3 gene (Flt3/ITD) has been reported in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and may be associated with poor prognosis. We analyzed diagnostic bone marrow specimens from 91 pediatric patients with AML treated on Children's Cancer Group (CCG)-2891 for the presence of the Flt3/ITD and correlated its presence with clinical outcome. Fifteen of 91 samples (16.5%) were positive for the Flt3/ITD. Flt3/ITD-positive patients had a median diagnostic white count of 73 800 compared with 28 400 for the Flt3/ITD-negative patients (P = .05). The size of the duplication ranged from 21 to 174 base pairs (bp). Nucleotide sequencing of the abnormal polymerase chain reaction products demonstrated that all duplications involved exon 11 of theFlt3 gene and also preserved the reading frame. Lineage restriction analysis revealed that Flt3/ITD was not present in the lymphocytes, suggesting a lack of stem cell involvement for this mutation. None of the Flt3/ITD-positive patients had unfavorable cytogenetic markers, and there was no predominance of a particular FAB class. The remission induction rate was 40% in Flt3/ITD-positive patients compared with 74% in Flt3/ITD-negative ones (P = .005). The Kaplan-Meier estimates of event-free survival at 8 years for patients with and without Flt3/ITD were 7% and 44%, respectively (P = .002). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that presence of the Flt3/ITD was the single most significant, independent prognostic factor for poor outcome (P = .009) in pediatric AML.
Functional correction of FA-C cells withFANCC suppresses the expression of interferon γ–inducible genes
Authors: Fagerlie Sara R. , Diaz Jane , Christianson Tracy A. , McCartan Kelli , Keeble Winifred , Faulkner Gregory R. , Bagby Grover C. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractBecause hematopoietic cells derived from Fanconi anemia (FA) patients of the C-complementation group (FA-C) are hypersensitive to the inhibitory effects of interferon γ (IFNγ), the products of certain IFNγ-inducible genes known to influence hematopoietic cell survival were quantified. High constitutive expression of the IFNγ-inducible genes, IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 gamma subunit (ISGF3γ), IFN regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1), and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21WAF1 was found inFANCC mutant B lymphoblasts, low-density bone marrow cells, and murine embryonic fibroblasts. Paradoxically, these cells do not activate signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 properly. In an attempt to clarify mechanisms by which FA-C cells overexpress IFNγ-inducible genes in the face of defective STAT1 phosphorylation, it was reasoned that decreased levels of activated STAT1 might result in reduced expression of a hematopoietic IFNγ-responsive protein that normally modulates expression of other IFNγ-responsive genes. Levels of the IFNγ-inducible factor IFN consensus sequence binding protein (ICSBP), a negative trans-acting regulator of some IFNγ-inducible genes, were quantified. ICSBP levels were reduced in FA-C B lymphoblasts and MEFs. However, enforced expression of ICSBP failed to down-regulate IRF-1, ISGF3γ, and p21WAF1. Thus, the FANCC protein functions to modulate expression of a family of genes that in normal cells are inducible only by specific environmental cues for apoptosis or mitogenic inhibition, but it does so independently of the classic IFN-STAT1 pathway and is not the direct result of reduced ICSBP expression.
Melphalan and purine analog–containing preparative regimens: reduced-intensity conditioning for patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing allogeneic progenitor cell transplantation
Authors: Giralt Sergio , Thall Peter F. , Khouri Issa , Wang Xuemei , Braunschweig Ira , Ippolitti Cindy , Claxton David , Donato Michele , Bruton Jill , Cohen Agueda , Davis Marilyn , Andersson Borje S. , Anderlini Paolo , Gajewski James , Kornblau Steven , Andreeff Michael , Przepiorka Donna , Ueno Naoto T. , Molldrem Jeff , Champlin Richard 
Published: July 2002

AbstractA reduced-intensity preparative regimen consisting of melphalan and a purine analog was evaluated for allogeneic transplantation in 86 patients who had a variety of hematologic malignancies and were considered poor candidates for conventional myeloablative therapies because of age or comorbidity. Seventy-eight patients received fludarabine 25 mg/m2 daily for 5 days in combination with melphalan 180 mg/m2 (n = 66) or 140 mg/m2 (n = 12). Eight patients received cladribine 12 mg/m2 continuous infusion for 5 days with melphalan 180 mg/m2. The median age was 52 years (range, 22-70 years). Disease status at transplantation was either first remission or first chronic phase in 7 patients, untreated first relapse or subsequent remission in 16 patients, and refractory leukemia or transformed chronic myelogenous leukemia in 63 patients. Nonrelapse mortality rates on day 100 were 37.4% for the fludarabine/melphalan combination and 87.5% for the cladribine/melphalan combination. The median percentage of donor cells at 1 month in 75 patients was 100% (range, 0%-100%). The probability of grade 2-4 and 3-4 acute graft-versus-host disease was 0.49 (95% CI, 0.38-0.60) and 0.29 (95% CI, 0.18-0.41), respectively. Disease-free survival at 1 year was 57% for patients in first remission or chronic phase and 49% for patients with untreated first relapse or in a second or later remission. On multivariate analysis the strongest predictor for disease-free survival was a good or intermediate risk category. In summary, fludarabine/melphalan combinations are feasible in older patients with associated comorbidities, and long-term disease control can be achieved with reduced-intensity conditioning in this population.
Flt-1, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1, is a novel cell surface marker for the lineage of monocyte-macrophages in humans
Authors: Sawano Asako , Iwai Shinobu , Sakurai Yoshiko , Ito Mikito , Shitara Kenya , Nakahata Tatsutoshi , Shibuya Masabumi 
Published: July 2002

AbstractFlt-1, also known as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR-1), is a high-affinity tyrosine kinase receptor for VEGF and is expressed almost exclusively on vascular endothelial cells. As an exception, Flt-1 transcript was recently found to be expressed in human peripheral blood monocytes. However, the protein of the Flt-1 receptor on the cell surface of monocytes is yet to be identified, and whether the Flt-1 protein is expressed during the differentiation of monocyte-macrophage lineage cells has not been examined. Using monoclonal antibodies against 2 different antigenic epitopes on the Flt-1 extracellular domain, this study found that the major population of the monocyte-marker CD97+ cells in human peripheral blood express Flt-1 as a cell surface molecule. VEGFR-2 (KDR/Flk-1) was not expressed at detectable levels in these cells. An Flt-1 neutralizing monoclonal antibody significantly suppressed VEGF-induced migration of the monocytes, suggesting an important role for Flt-1 in the biologic function of monocytes. Furthermore, CD34+cells in human cord blood, originally negative for the Flt-1 expression, differentiated into Flt-1+ cells in association with the appearance of monocyte-macrophage markers after a 2-week culture in the presence of hematopoietic cytokines. In addition, the Flt-1+CD11b+ cell fraction from CD34+ cells was found to efficiently differentiate into multinuclear osteoclasts in the presence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor and osteoclast differentiation factor. These results strongly suggest that Flt-1 is a novel cell surface marker as well as a biologically functional molecule for monocyte-macrophage lineages in humans.
Transcobalamin codon 259 polymorphism in HT-29 and Caco-2 cells and in Caucasians: relation to transcobalamin and homocysteine concentration in blood
Authors: Namour Farès , Olivier Jean-Luc , Abdelmouttaleb Idrissia , Adjalla Charles , Debard Renée , Salvat Colette , Guéant Jean-Louis 
Published: July 2002

AbstractTranscobalamin (TC) is the plasma transporter that delivers vitamin B12 to cells. We have already reported that HT-29 and Caco-2 cells secrete different TC variants. HT-29 secretes 2 TC isoproteins (codon 259-Pro/Arg [259-P/R]), exhibiting unequal concentrations (TC 259-P &gt; TC 259-R), and Caco-2 cells only secrete the phenotype 259-R. We investigated the relation between phenotypic and genetic TC polymorphism in HT-29 cells transfected with Caco-2 TC complementary DNA and in 159 healthy Caucasians. We found that codon 259-R is buried and, thus, the genetic polymorphism provides no explanation why the TCs from HT-29 and Caco-2 cells have different isoelectric points in nondenaturing isoelectric focusing (IEF). The newly translated TC in HT-29 cells from the Caco-2 complementary DNA recombinant plasmid had the same isoelectric point as the TC constitutively expressed in HT-29 cells, suggesting that TC phenotypic variability involves a specific cell folding of the protein. The codon 259 polymorphism was found to have a biallelic distribution: homozygotes P = 34.6%, heterozygotes R/P = 47.8%, and homozygotes R = 17.6%. In heterozygous samples, the IEF showed that the TC 259-P/TC 259-R ratio = 1.6. The blood apo-TC concentration of 259-P homozygous Caucasians was significantly higher than that of homozygous 259-R (P &lt; .0001) and heterozygous (P &lt; .0006) Caucasians. The heterozygotes 259-R/P had homocysteine concentration significantly higher than the homozygotes 259-R and 259-P (P = .02 and P = .01, respectively). In conclusion, TC codon-259 polymorphism affects TC plasma concentration and may interfere in vitamin B12cellular availability and homocysteine metabolism.
Long-term use of anagrelide in young patients with essential thrombocythemia
Authors: Storen Elizabeth C. , Tefferi Ayalew 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAnagrelide is a novel platelet-lowering agent that has recently been approved for use in essential thrombocythemia (ET) and related disorders. Short-term drug efficacy and toxicity data have previously been presented. The purpose of this study was to obtain additional information regarding long-term anagrelide use. This is a retrospective series of 35 young patients (17 to 48 years) with ET who received anagrelide treatment before 1992. Initial drug dosage ranged between 1 and 10 mg/d, and the median maintenance dosage was 2.5 mg/d. The overall initial response rate of 94% included 74% complete remissions and 20% partial remissions. Of the 33 responding patients, 27 (82%) remained on anagrelide therapy for a median of 10.8 years (range, 7 to 15.5). Of these, 66% maintained a complete and 34% a partial remission over the study period. In general, the reporting of somatic side effects decreased over time, and anemia was the only new side effect that emerged after long-term therapy. Eight patients (24%) experienced a more than 3 g/dL decrease in hemoglobin level. Despite active therapy, 20% of the patients experienced a total of 10 thrombotic episodes, and a similar proportion experienced major hemorrhagic events. All thrombohemorrhagic complications occurred at a platelet count of more than 400 × 109/L. It is concluded that long-term treatment of ET with anagrelide is associated with decreased reporting of initial side effects and the development of mild-to-moderate anemia. Complete normalization of platelet counts may be needed to minimize residual thrombohemorrhagic risk during therapy.