bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Constant and Spring Stretch in Hooke's Law Material Using Virtual Lab (PhET)
Authors: Budiman Arief , Nufus Ayu Tazkyatun , Moenore Dian Morika , Rustiani Eka Astria 
Published: December 2024

<p>This study aims to analyze the relationship between spring constant and spring stretch using Virtual Lab (PhET). The method used in this study is an experimental method that allows testing hypotheses or theories through the control of certain variables to understand the cause-and-effect relationship between independent and dependent variables. The independent variable in this study is the mass that is changed to affect the spring, while the dependent variable is the change in the position of the spring and the force produced. The simulation was carried out using PheT learning media. The first thing to do is to vary the mass. Then you will get the result of increasing the length for each mass. After that, the data that has been obtained is analyzed to determine the spring coefficient. Based on these simulations, it can be concluded that a spring's elasticity level influences the stretching level that occurs after a spring is treated in the form of varying masses.<em> </em></p>
A Study of the Results of Time-Dependent Ginzburg-Landau Equation Using Scilab
Authors: Alfargana Tanzillal , Sutomo Artono Dwijo , Anwar Fuad 
Published: December 2024

<p>This study aims to examine computational (numerical) programs in solving the Ginzburg-Landau Time-Dependent Equation. The Ginzburg-Landau Time-Dependent Equation (TDGL), which is often used to model the dynamics of superconductors in external magnetic fields. The TDGL equation is made using the Scilab platform, then the results are compared with the results of Fortran. This study involves experiments with variations in superconductor size to observe their effect on simulation results. The main focus of this study is to study the relationship between the mean magnetization of superconductors and external magnetic fields (He), as well as to evaluate the accuracy and efficiency of the results obtained from the two computing platforms. These results show the relationship between the mean of the superconductor magnetization and the external magnetic field, as well as a comparison of the Vs He graph of Scilab and Fortran showing the relationship between the superconductor order parameters and the external magnetic field.</p>
Application of the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) Learning Model with the Help of Quizizz as an Evaluation Media in Improving Problem Solving Ability
Authors: Laila Nur , Muzana Syarifah Rahmiza , Mirdayanti Rina 
Published: December 2024

<p>Literacy and numeracy in physics are still lacking which is dominated by teachers and is always considered difficult by SMA Negeri 1 Blangkejeren students, The purpose of this study was to determine the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) and Quizizz learning models can improve students' problem solving skills on momentum and impulse material. The method used in this research is the Quasy experiment method with a quantitative approach and the research design is Nonequivalent Control Group Design. This research was carried out by giving a pretest-posttest class. By cluster random sampling techniques, so the samples determined were class X. The number of samples per class is 27 students. The research measurement tools used in the study were RPP and LKPD that had been prepared containing several steps of the CTL learning model that were to be realized in the teaching and learning process as well as test questions to obtain data related to the results of students' problem-solving abilities. The tests that were prepared in the form of questions included 13 questions based on ability indicators based on Bloom's Taxonomy including C1 (understanding) to C5 (evaluating). The test data provided were the average pre-test and post-test scores CTL (Contextual Teaching and Learning) learning with Quizizz evaluation media provides better results than using conventional learning models, with game-shaped questions and scores making SMA Negeri 1 Blangkejeren students compete to get better scores.</p>
Saltmarsh Vegetation Zone Determines Microbial Nitrate Reduction Responses to Elevated Nitrate and Organic Matter Inputs
Authors: Ledford Taylor Carson , Mortazavi Behzad , Tatariw Corianne , Rice Sarah Elaine , Cherry Julia A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) has more than doubled over the last century, with much of this excess N making its way to the coastal zone. Coastal marshes remove excess N via denitrification or, conversely, retain and recycle N through dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA). Organic carbon (C) and N availability are important for determining the partitioning of these two competing N-reduction pathways. Vegetation inherently links the C and N cycles by uptaking and releasing both elements. However, sea level rise and eutrophication are altering marsh vegetation composition, and subsequently, sediment microbial communities with direct consequences for ecosystem functions, such as N-removal. We tested how organic C and N additions affect partitioning of N-removal and N-retention processes among sediments from different vegetation zones in a salt marsh while controlling hydro-edaphic variables. We found sediments from Distichlis spicata patches had the lowest capacity for N-removal while sediments form Juncus roemerianus and Cladium mariscus patches had higher N-removal capacity. Under enhanced soil organic C and excess N loading, NO3- reduction responded differently depending on vegetation zone. N-retention increased 3-fold in the mid-marsh patches (Juncus and Distichlis) and dominated NO3- reduction processes in response to high C and N inputs, while N-retention and N-removal were offset in the high marsh Cladium patches. Our findings help to forecast how shifts in vegetation community following dynamic climatic conditions may affect global N processing in areas experiencing excess N loading.
High-resolution thermal imaging for melt pool dynamics studies in welding processes
Authors: Jorge Vinicius Lemes , Bendaoud Issam , Soulié Fabien , Bordreuil Cyril 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Challenges in terms of reliability still surround thermal measurement methods in welding processes. However, the temperature distribution within the weld pool can provide important resources for understanding behaviors and explaining phenomena. This work aims to study the effect of gravity orientation on the temperature distribution within the weld pool using an in-house developed equipment. First, a combination of optical settings and a calibration procedure were established. The thermal field from the back side of fully penetrated thin plates was accessed using the GTAW process. Experiments were carried out with the same welding parameters under flat, horizontal, vertical upward, and vertical downward positions. The device allowed a well-delimitated and detailed weld pool thermal field assessment. Along the transversal weld pool direction, a symmetrical heat distribution was stated in the flat position while an asymmetrical one in the others. Moreover, the thermal field supported the discussions concerning the driving forces, as it was possible to quantify dimensionless numbers and plot the Marangoni shear stress on the weld pool surface. Finally, through the developed equipment, it was possible to evaluate the impacts of gravity on the heat distribution within the weld pool and demonstrate its contribution to dynamics studies.
60Coγ activation of Cladophora rupestris biomass functional groups and its effect on Pb2+ adsorption
Authors: Zhang Lu-sheng , Liu Zhao-wen , Qiu Chang-fa , Feng Xiao-yu , Ma Shi-ying , Yin Qian , Cao deju 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

To investigate the modification of Pb2+ adsorption of the functional groups of Cladophora rupestris (C. rupestris) biomass by gamma radiation (60Coγ-ray), the interface structure, chemical properties, adsorption behaviors, and Pb2+ adsorption mechanisms of C. rupestris biomass were investigated after irradiation with varying doses of 60Coγ-ray. The results indicate that 60Coγ-ray significantly changed the surface characteristics and interfacial chemistry of the C. rupestris biomass .This led to fracturing and fragmentation that produced a larger specific surface area and more abundant pore structure, increasing the electronegativity in the C. rupestris biomass. The theoretical Pb2+ adsorption capacity increased significantly (2.6–2.9 times) after 60Coγ-ray irradiation. 60Coγ-ray caused preferential degradation of protein components in the dissolved organic matter of the C. rupestris biomass, and protein deamination increased the absorption sites of cations. In the C. rupestris biomass, 60Coγ-ray altered the elemental composition and functional groups, particularly the carbon- and oxygen-containing functional groups, to improve Pb2+ adsorption. In conclusion, 60Coγ-ray can activate the functional groups of C. rupestris biomass and improve their Pb2+ adsorption sites. This study provides new insight into modification of biomass materials for enhanced removal of heavy metals from waterbodies.
Silencing of β-catenin1 blocks tail regeneration, but does not induce head regeneration in the flatworm Macrostomum lignano
Authors: Kibet Moses Kitilit , Hilchenbach Jochen , Neumann Lucy , Mayer Richard , Aigner Gerhard P. , Höckner Martina , Hobmayer Bert , Egger Bernhard 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

β-Catenin has two major functions conserved across metazoans. It enables the interaction of classical cadherin with actin at apical junctional complexes and it is the main transcription factor activated by the canonical Wnt pathway. In these two functions, it acts in cell differentiation, proliferation, and in determining the major body axis in early embryos. 4 β-catenin homologs have been described in the highly regenerating planarian flatworm Schmidtea mediterranea. Among them, only Smed-β-catenin1 is involved in establishing posterior identity. Silencing of Smed-β-catenin1 during regeneration leads to head formation in both anterior and posterior wound sites. In regeneration-deficient planarians, β-catenin1 RNAi also rescues head regeneration in posterior pieces. Using phylogenetic inference with β-catenin homologs from a diverse range of flatworms, we found that duplication of β-catenin occurred only in Rhabditophora. In Macrostomum lignano,there are 3 β-catenin homologs. RNA interference of Mlig-β-catenin1, but not of Mlig-β-catenin2a or Mlig-β-catenin2b blocked tail regeneration and resulted in the lack of blastema and a strong reduction of cell proliferation at the wound site. After knockdown, tails frequently regenerated imperfectly. At no amputation level could RNAi of any β-catenin rescue head regeneration in M. lignano. These findings demonstrate the requirement for Mlig-β-catenin1 in determining posterior identity and affirms the conserved role of Wnt/β-catenin in specifying the anterior-posterior axis. The failure of head regeneration upon knockdown in M. lignano suggests that the rescue of head regeneration in the absence of β-catenin1 is not a conserved feature in flatworms, but possibly an apomorphy of planarians.
Association between Clonal Hematopoiesis and Periodontitis: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Qiu Feng , Shao Wei , Qin Xue , Xu Ran , Lu Hua 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Clonal hematopoiesis is an age-related condition in which somatically mutated blood cells clonally expand. Recently, a series of studies mentioned a possible link between CH and periodontitis; however, the exact cause-effect relationship has not yet been clarified.
Methods
We performed MR analyses with two samples to investigate a possible causal relationship between different clonal hematopoiesis phenotypes and susceptibility to periodontitis.Variants of clonal hematopoiesis phenotypes included overall clonal hematopoiesis (CH-overall), CH with a DNMT3A mutation (CH-DNMT3A), CH with a TET2 mutation (CH-TET2), large clones (CH-large), and small clones (CH-small). Genetic instruments were derived from genome-wide association study data. The main method of analysis used was the IVW method. Sensitivity analyses included the weighted median, MR-Egger regression and MR-PRESSO. Reverse MR analyses were also performed to look for bidirectional effects.
Results
MR analysis revealed a significant association between CH-DNMT3A and periodontitis, with an odds ratio of 0.084 (95% confidence interval: 0.007–0.972, P = 0.047). These findings suggest that CH-DNMT3A may play a protective role in the development of periodontitis.No other CH phenotypes, such as CH-overall, CH-TET2, CH-large, or CH-small, were associated with periodontitis. The inverse MR analyses provided no statistical evidence for an association of periodontitis with any of the CH phenotypes. There was no evidence of pleiotropy or heterogeneity.
Conclusions
Our findings indicate a novel protective role for DNMT3A-mutated clonal hematopoiesis (CH) in periodontitis.However, additional research is necessary to clarify the underlying mechanisms of this association.
Fractal characteristics and controlling factors of coal bearing shale pores in the continental fault depression basin of western Liaoning, Northeast China
Authors: Xiao Bin , Dong Guoji , Zhao Zhongying , Yang Zhenhua , Fan Chaojun , Jiang Chunhao , Li Sheng 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The micro-pore system in shale serves as the gas storage location, and the characterization of micro-pore structure and fractal features is crucial for reservoir research. The development of porosity in shale reservoirs exhibits significant complexity and heterogeneity. While the study of porosity development characteristics in marine shale reservoirs has advanced, research on coal-system shale reservoirs lags behind and requires comprehensive investigation into their fractal characteristics and controlling factors. The study focuses on the coal bearing shale of the Cretaceous Shahai Formation in the Fuxin Basin. By conducting comprehensive analyses of total organic carbon (TOC), mineralogy, and low-temperature N2 adsorption experiments, this study investigated the relationship between pore structure characteristics and fractal properties of coal-forming shale, as well as the impact of organic matter content, maturity, and mineral composition on the fractal dimension. The results show that the TOC content of the Shahai Formation shale varies greatly (averaging 3.41%) and is rich in clay minerals (averaging 40.91%). Shale development features ink bottle-shaped pores with narrow necks and wide body, parallel plate-shaped pores with openings on all sides, and possibly slit-shaped pores formed by clay minerals. The shale pores exhibit a distinct dual fractal characteristic, with average fractal dimensions D1 and D2 of 2.5243 and 2.7001, respectively. The internal structure is more complex than the surface structure. The micropores in shale play the most significant role in determining the fractal dimension, and are primarily responsible for the non-uniformity and complexity of the pore structure. Organic matter contributes more to the enhancement of the complexity of internal pore space than the roughness of pore surfaces. The number of micropores in organic matter significantly increases with the degree of thermal evolution of organic matter. Carbonate minerals present in the form of cementing material promote the development of micropores, reduce the proportion of mesopores and macropores, and increase the complexity of pores. The anti compaction ability of clay mineral particles is weak. During the compaction and diagenesis process, mineral particles tend to be oriented and arranged, reducing pore space and simplifying pore morphology, thus reducing the complexity of pores. Related studies will provide scientific theoretical support for the comprehensive evaluation of coal bearing shale reservoirs and the study of oil and gas accumulation theories. They also have some significance in revealing the pore development mechanism of coal bearing shale and selecting favorable reservoirs.
Production and Characterization of Corncob-Borax Particulate Reinforced Polyester Composites for Flame Retardant Applications
Authors: Olayemi Abigail. B , Oladele Isiaka. O , Adetuyi Abayomi. O , Falana Samuel. O 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

This study explores the influence of corncob and borax reinforcements on the mechanical and flame-retardant properties of polyester composites. Composites were produced using the hand lay-up technique with varying weight percentages of treated-corncob (3, 9, 15 wt%) and borax (12, 15, 18 wt%). Mechanical properties such as tensile and flexural properties, hardness, and impact resistance were evaluated, alongside flame retardancy through burning rate tests. Morphological and elemental analyses were conducted using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), while Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) provided insights into the chemical structure and crystalline phases. The XRD analysis indicated an increase in the crystallinity index of treated corncob, suggesting enhanced order within the cellulose structure, which correlates with improved mechanical properties. FTIR results confirmed the presence of functional groups indicative of cellulose, suggesting effective interaction between the fillers and the polyester matrix. The findings revealed that adding borax and corncob significantly enhanced hardness, flexural, and tensile modulus, with the composite containing 18 wt% borax and 15 wt% corncob exhibiting optimal performance. However, tensile strength and impact resistance decreased slightly compared to pure polyester due to stress concentrations. In flame retardancy tests, higher borax content notably reduced burning rates, with the composite containing 18 wt% borax and 15 wt% corncob demonstrating superior flame resistance. In conclusion, the hybrid reinforcement of borax and corncob in polyester offers a sustainable solution, enhancing mechanical properties and flame resistance, making these composites suitable for applications requiring both durability and fire safety.
PDIA6 promotes the progression of ESCC via AKT1/mTOR signal pathway by forming disulfide-dependent TRAF4
Authors: Liu Kangdong , Chen Yingying , Li Xiaoyu , Chen Yurong , Shi Yunshu , Yuan Qiang , Han Ruixian , Zhang Yuhan , Zhao Xiaokun , Hu Yamei , Zhou Yujuan , Zhang Chengjuan , Wu Xiong , Zhao Jimin , Dong Zigang , Jiang Yanan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Unveiling the underlying mechanism of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is particularly valuable for discovering new therapeutic targets. The AKT1/mTOR pathway is a potential therapeutic pathway for ESCC. However, there has been limited investigation into sustaining constant activation of the AKT1/mTOR pathway. Here, we found that protein disulfide isomerase A6 (PDIA6), a protein disulfide isomerase, was highly expressed and negatively correlated with the survival of ESCC patients. PDIA6 promoted ESCC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Mechanically, PDIA6 bound to tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 4 (TRAF4) and catalyzed the formation of disulfide bonds at 39/42 and 83/106 sites to maintain TRAF4 stability by inhibiting SMAD-specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (SMURF1) -mediated ubiquitination of TRAF4, resulting in the activating AKT1/mTOR signaling pathway. Notably, targeting PDIA6 with ASO treatment blocked the TRAF4/AKT1/mTOR signaling pathway, decreasing ESCC tumor growth. Therefore, PDIA6 can inhibit the AKT1/mTOR signaling pathway and retard ESCC progression. Our research highlights a novel mechanism for activating the AKT1/mTOR signaling pathway and provides a potential therapy strategy for ESCC.
ZWILCH affects the prognosis of cancer patients by participating in cell proliferation, enhancing cell communication, and reshaping the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Yao Long , Liu Lianpo , Wu Jinsong , Huang Yunlong , Zhang Renquan , Zhang Haoxue 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
ZWILCH has been reported to prevent cells from prematurely exiting mitosis. However, the underlying mechanisms or involvement of ZWILCH in the tumor immune microenvironment in various cancers remain largely unknown.
Methods
Generalized dysregulation of ZWILCH was observed through the whole transcriptome analysis in this study. The spatial transcriptome analysis was utilized to identify expressed regions of ZWILCH. Next, cells that mainly expressed ZWILCH in the tumor microenvironment were determined using the single-cell transcriptome analysis. Also, the “cellchat” R package was applied to estimate the effect of ZWILCH on malignant cell communication. Combining multiple analytic approaches including GSEA, GSVA, KEGG enrichment analysis, and Aucell, with TCPA functional protein data, Genome-wide CRISPR screening, potential functions of ZWILCH and the pathways in which ZWILCH participated were thoroughly exploited. Univariate Cox regression analysis calculated the association between ZWILCH and cancer patients’ adverse outcomes.
Results
ZWILCH is universally highly expressed in tumors. The spatial transcriptome analysis showed that ZWILCH overexpression comes from the tumoral region or mixed tumoral region. At the single-cell level, ZWILCH is chiefly expressed by malignant cells and proliferative T cells. The expression of ZWILCH mRNA is positively correlated with cell proliferation, repair of DNA damage, and cell cycle score. Plenty of metabolic pathways are inhibited in patients with high expression of ZWILCH. Moreover, after ZWILCH knockout, a large number of cancer cell lines are stagnated, inhibited, or died. Additionally, the malignant cells with positive expression of ZWILCH have a stronger ability for cell communication. In short, ZWILCH is meant to be a risk factor for clinical outcomes of multiple tumors.
Conclusions
ZWILCH is a promising therapeutic target that influences patient prognosis by participating in cell proliferation, enhancing cell communication, and reshaping the tumor microenvironment across different cancers.
Topological hysteretic winding for ultrafast anti-lasing
Authors: Fleury Romain , Qin Haoye , Zhang Zhe , Wang Junda 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Coherent perfect absorption (CPA), or anti-lasing, has been so far inherently restricted to continuous wave scenarios, drastically restricting its applications to standard linear steady-state systems. However, future technologies based on enhanced light-matter interactions typically require the non-linear emission and absorption of pulses, as in ultrafast optics, frequency-comb technologies, or spiking neuromorphic networks. Here, we propose to extend the reach of anti-lasing to pulsed operation. We unveil the phenomenon of ultrafast anti-lasing, in which perfect absorption of photons occurs transiently over ultrashort time scales, creating fast absorption pulses associated with broadband absorption frequency combs. This is obtained by leveraging robust topological transitions occurring in a hysteretic scattering system, which is temporally modulated to loop near a CPA singularity. Our work evidences the interplay between intrinsic memory and topology in wave scattering, unveiling the rich physics of ultrafast Floquet engineering through topological switching. We envision applications in spiking photonic networks with robust emission, routing and detection of spikes, which may form the basis for future analog neuromorphic hardware.