bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Use of Electrohysterography During Term Labor: A Systematic Review on Diagnostic Value, Advantages, and Limitations
Authors: Vlemminx Marion W.C. , Rabotti Chiara , van der Hout–van der Jagt M. Beatrijs , Oei S. Guid 
Published: May 2018

Importance
Real-time electrohysterography (EHG)–based technologies have recently become available for uterine monitoring during term labor. Therefore, obstetricians need to be familiar with the diagnostic value, advantages, and limitations of using EHG.

Objective
The aims of this study were to determine the diagnostic value of EHG in comparison to (1) the intrauterine pressure catheter (IUPC), (2) the external tocodynamometer (TOCO), and (3) in case of maternal obesity; (4) to evaluate EHG from users' and patients' perspectives; and (5) to assess whether EHG can predict labor outcome.

Evidence Acquisition
A systematic review was performed in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane library in October 2017 resulting in 209 eligible records, of which 20 were included.

Results
A high sensitivity for contraction detection was achieved by EHG (range, 86.0%–98.0%), which was significantly better than TOCO (range, 46.0%–73.6%). Electrohysterography also enhanced external monitoring in case of maternal obesity. The contraction frequency detected by EHG was on average 0.3 to 0.9 per 10 minutes higher compared with IUPC, which resulted in a positive predictive value of 78.7% to 92.0%. When comparing EHG tocograms with IUPC traces, an underestimation of the amplitude existed despite that patient-specific EHG amplitudes have been mitigated by amplitude normalization. Obstetricians evaluated EHG tocograms as better interpretable and more adequate than TOCO. Finally, potential EHG parameters that could predict a vaginal delivery were a predominant fundal direction and a lower peak frequency.

Conclusions and Relevance
Electrohysterography enhances external uterine monitoring of both nonobese and obese women. Obstetricians consider EHG as better interpretable; however, they need to be aware of the higher contraction frequency detected by EHG and of the amplitude mismatch with intrauterine pressure measurements.

Target Audience
Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians.

Learning Objectives
After completing this activity, the learner should be better able to interpret the physiology of uterine contractions, relate the diagnostic value of electrohysterography (EHG) traces to intrauterine pressure catheter and tocodynamometer, examine how the performance of the external uterine monitoring techniques is affected by maternal obesity, distinguish the advantages and limitations of EHG-based monitoring from users' and patients' perspectives, and propose uses for EHG uterine contraction monitoring and other (future) applications of EHG.
Adolescent With Spontaneous Splenic Rupture as a Cause of Hemoperitoneum in the Emergency Department
Authors: Gómez-Ramos José Juan , Marín-Medina Alejandro , Lisjuan-Bracamontes Javier , García-Ramírez Diana , Gust-Parra Heriberto , Ascencio-Rodríguez Maria Guadalupe 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Spontaneous rupture of the spleen is a rare clinical condition that usually presents as a complication of a background pathology and can become a life-threatening condition if it is not diagnosed in time. We present the case of a 15-year-old girl with abdominal pain and clinical data of hypovolemic shock. The simple tomographic study revealed deformation of the splenic architecture and hemoperitoneum. Surgery demonstrated splenic rupture with ptosis spleen and intraperitoneal free blood. The anatomopathological examination showed the presence of splenomegaly and findings suggestive of peliosis. It also highlights the known causes related to spontaneous splenic rupture.
Inflammatory-induced spinal dorsal horn neurons hyperexcitability is mediated by P2X4 receptors
Authors: Aby Franck , Whitestone Sara , Landry Marc , Ulmann Lauriane , Fossat Pascal 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Introduction:
Purinergic ionotropic P2X receptors (P2RX) are involved in normal and pathological pain transmission. Among them, P2X4 are expressed in dorsal root ganglion and in the spinal cord. Their activation during nerve injury or chronic peripheral inflammation modifies pain sensitivity that leads to the phenomenon of allodynia and hyperalgesia.

Objectives:
We study here, in vivo, the role of P2X4 on the excitability of dorsal horn neurons (DHNs) in naive or pathological context.

Methods:
We recorded DHNs in vivo in anesthetized wild-type or P2RX4−/− mice. We measured nociceptive integration and short-term sensitization by DHNs both in naive and inflamed mice.

Results:
Our results indicate that P2X4 alter neuronal excitability only in the pathological context of peripheral inflammation. Consequently, excitability of DHNs from inflamed P2RX4−/− mice remains similar to naive animals.

Conclusion:
These results confirm the prominent role of P2X4 in inflammatory pain context and demonstrate that P2X4 are also involved in the hyperexcitability of DHNs.
Hand Surgeons Performing More Open Carpal Tunnel Releases Do Not Show Better Patient Outcomes
Authors: Evers Stefanie , Jansen Miguel C. , Slijper Harm P. , de Haas Nicoline , Smit Xander , Porsius Jarry T. , Hovius Steven E. R. , Amadio Peter C. , Selles Ruud W. 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Although previous studies have shown that more experienced surgeons have better patient outcomes following a variety of procedures, in hand surgery and carpal tunnel release in particular, this relation remains unproven. The authors assessed whether there is an association between surgeon volume and patient outcomes following open carpal tunnel release.

Methods:
Patients who underwent carpal tunnel release between 2011 and 2015 at outpatient hand surgery clinics in The Netherlands were included. Surgeon annual volume was defined as the average number of carpal tunnel releases performed per year per participating surgeon over the study period. Primary outcome measures were the Symptom Severity Scale and Functional Status Scale of the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire 6 months postoperatively. Multilevel random intercept linear regression analyses were performed to assess whether there was an association between surgeon annual volume and outcome measures, with adjustment for patient characteristics, concomitant procedures, and intake score on the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire.

Results:
A total of 1345 patients were included, operated on by 17 surgeons. Median annual surgeon volume was 75 (interquartile range, 50 to 149). Only 0.5 to 0.6 percent of the total variance in patient outcome on the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire could be explained by random differences between surgeons. The authors did not find an association between annual surgeon volume and outcome measures 6 months postoperatively (Symptom Severity Scale: β = 0.000; 95 percent CI, −0.001 to 0.001; and Functional Status Scale: β = 0.000; 95 percent CI, −0.001 to 0.001).

Conclusion:
In the authors’ sample of highly specialized hand surgeons operating in high-volume centers, they found no differences in outcome between high- and low-volume surgeons.
Differences in Common Orbital Blowout Fracture Sites by Age
Authors: Takahashi Yasuhiro , Nakakura Shunsuke , Sabundayo Maria Suzanne , Kitaguchi Yoshiyuki , Miyazaki Hidetaka , Mito Hidenori , Kakizaki Hirohiko 
Published: May 2018

Background:
The purpose of this study was to compare orbital blowout fracture sites among different age groups.

Methods:
This retrospective, observational, comparative study included 671 sides of 663 patients with an orbital blowout fracture. The authors classified patients into five groups based on age (childhood, 0 to 9 years; adolescence, 10 to 18 years; early adulthood, 19 to 44 years; middle adulthood, 45 to 64 years; and late adulthood, 65 years or older); causes of injury into five categories (i.e., sports, traffic accident, assault, fall, and others); and orbital blowout fracture sites into four regions [i.e., the orbital floor lateral (lateral floor) or medial to the infraorbital groove/canal (medial floor); the inferomedial orbital strut (strut); and the medial orbital wall (medial wall)].

Results:
A single medial floor fracture was observed in 70.3 percent of patients in the childhood age group. However, the proportion of patients with a single medial wall fracture or multiple fracture sites increased with age. A medial wall fracture was more common than a medial floor fracture in late adulthood. The distribution of orbital blowout fracture sites, the ratio of single or multiple fracture sites, and the causes of injury were statistically different among the age groups (p = 0.005, p = 0.003, and p < 0.001, respectively, Pearson chi-square test).

Conclusions:
Common orbital blowout fracture sites varied among age groups. These differences may be attributed to multiple factors, including differences in the morphology of the orbit and paranasal sinuses, composition of the facial bone, and causes of injury among age groups.
Secondary Gluteal Augmentation: Surgical Technique and Outcomes
Authors: Lee Jun Wook , Kang Min Gu , Park Seong Soo 
Published: May 2018

Background:
As interest in posterior body contour has increased, there has been an upward trend in the number of gluteal augmentations performed. However, there has also been a proportional increase in postoperative complications and subsequent revision operations. Nevertheless, there are currently few studies or reports on secondary gluteal augmentation. The purpose of the present study was to identify methods to treat and prevent complications resulting from gluteal augmentation.

Methods:
In this study, the authors review 18 cases of secondary gluteal augmentation. New intramuscular pockets were dissected more deeply than were previous pockets. Capsulotomy or capsulectomy was applied to the deep capsules of the previous pockets to sufficiently expand the new pockets and soft tissue to cover the implants. After triple-antibiotic irrigation, implants were inserted using the “no-touch technique.” Next, “hybrid gluteal augmentation” was performed by grafting autologous fat into the subcutaneous fat layer.

Results:
Among 18 cases of secondary gluteal augmentation performed, nine cases were performed by means of hybrid gluteal augmentation and seven cases were implant-only augmentations. Postoperative complications occurred in two cases. One case involved the hybrid technique (remaining rippling), and the other case involved implant-only augmentation (implant palpability). However, there was no need for surgical correction.

Conclusion:
Secondary gluteal augmentation can be successfully performed using the hybrid technique if the gluteus maximus is accurately dissected, the capsules are appropriately managed, and infection is rigidly controlled.
Planning for large epidemics and pandemics: challenges from a policy perspective
Authors: Jain Vageesh , Duse Adriano , Bausch Daniel G. 
Published: May 2018

Purpose of review
Less than two decades into the 21st century, the world has already witnessed numerous large epidemics or pandemics. These events have highlighted inadequacies in both national and international capacity for outbreak prevention, detection, and response. Here, we review some of the major challenges from a policy perspective.

Recent findings
The most important challenges facing policymakers include financing outbreak preparedness and response in a complex political environment with limited resources, coordinating response efforts among a growing and diverse range of national and international actors, accurately assessing national outbreak preparedness, addressing the shortfall in the global biomedical workforce, building surge capacity of both human and material resources, balancing investments in public health and curative services, building capacity for outbreak-related research and development, and reinforcing measures for infection prevention and control.

Summary
In recent years, numerous epidemics and pandemics have caused not only considerable loss of life but also billions of dollars of economic loss. Although the events have served as a wake-up call and led to the implementation of relevant policies and counter-measures, such as the Global Health Security Agenda, many questions remain and much work to be done. Wise policies and approaches for outbreak control exist, but will require the political will to implement them.
Mechanisms of trophic niche compression: evidence from landscape disturbance
Authors: Burdon Francis J. , McIntosh Angus R. , Harding Jon S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNatural and anthropogenic disturbances commonly alter patterns of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. However, how food webs respond to these changes remains poorly understood. Here, we have described aquatic food webs using invertebrate and fish community composition, functional traits, and stable isotopes from twelve agricultural streams along a landscape disturbance gradient.We predicted that excessive inputs of fine inorganic sediment (sedimentation) associated with agricultural land uses would negatively influence stream trophic diversity (e.g., reduced vertical and horizontal trophic niche breadths).Food-web properties based on Bayesian analyses of stable isotope data (δ13C and δ15N) from consumers showed that increasing sediment disturbance was associated with reduced trophic diversity, indicated by the whole community (fish and invertebrates combined) occupying a smaller area in isotopic niche space. Reductions in trophic diversity were best explained by a narrowing of the consumer δ13C range, and to a lesser extent, consumer δ15N range along the sedimentation gradient.We hypothesized that multiple mechanisms associated with sedimentation may have caused trophic niche ‘compression’. Decreased niche partitioning, driven by increasing habitat homogeneity, environmental filtering, and resource scarcity seemingly lead to a greater similarity in trophic roles. These pathways may have contributed to a reduction in trophic diversity, whereas increased resource homogeneity was seemingly less important.Our results also indicate downward shifts in the vertical trophic position of benthic meospredators and invertebrate prey relative to higher consumers. This ‘trophic decoupling’ suggests that terrestrial resource subsidies may offset reductions of aquatic prey for larger stream fishes.Sedimentation was associated with reduced trophic diversity, which may affect the functioning and stability of stream ecosystems. Our study helps explain how multiple mechanisms can influence food-web properties in response to this type of disturbance.
Desynchronizing to be faster? Perceptual- and attentional-modulation of brain rhythms in sub-millisecond scale
Authors: Noguchi Yasuki , Xia Yi , Kakigi Ryusuke 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNeural oscillatory signals has been associated with many high-level functions (e.g. attention and working memory), because they reflect correlated behaviors of neural population that would facilitate the information transfer in the brain. On the other hand, a decreased power of oscillation (event-related desynchronization or ERD) has been associated with an irregular state in which many neurons behave in an uncorrelated manner. In contrast to this view, here we show that the human ERD is linked to the increased regularity of oscillatory signals. Using magnetoencephalography, we found that presenting a visual stimulus not only induced the ERD of alpha (8-13 Hz) and beta (13-30 Hz) rhythms in the contralateral visual cortex but also reduced the mean and variance of their inter-peak intervals (IPIs). This indicates that the suppressed alpha/beta rhythms became faster (reduced mean) and more regular (reduced variance) during visual stimulation. The same changes in IPIs, especially those of beta rhythm, were observed when subjects allocated their attention to a contralateral visual field. Those results revealed a new role of the ERD and further suggested that our brain regulates and accelerates a clock for neural computations by actively inducing the desynchronization in task-relevant regions.
Impairment of neuronal mitophagy by mutant huntingtin
Authors: Franco-Iborra Sandra , Plaza-Zabala Ainhoa , Sebastian David , Vila Miquel , Martinez-Vicente Marta 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTNeuronal homeostasis depends on the proper functioning of different quality control systems. The accurate degradation of dysfunctional mitochondria by mitophagy is essential for maintaining mitochondrial quality and quantity in neurons. Huntingting protein (Htt) can interact with numerous other proteins and thereby perform multiple biological functions in the cell. We investigated the role of Htt during neuronal mitophagy in post-mitotic differentiated striatal neurons avoiding artificial overexpression of mitophagy-related proteins. Our study shows that Htt promotes the physical proximity of different protein complexes during initiation of the mitophagy process. Htt is needed to promote the ULK1 complex activation, the recruitment of the essential receptors of mitophagy –optineurin and NDP52- and the interaction of these receptors with LC3-II. Mutant Htt also causes a gain of toxic function avoiding the formation of the Beclin1-Vps34 initiation complex. We report that the presence of the expanded polyQ tract can affect the efficiency of neuronal mitophagy and consequently promote the accumulation of damaged mitochondria and increase oxidative stress, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and contributing to neurodegeneration in Huntington’s disease.
Autophagy determines osimertinib resistance through regulation of stem cell-like properties in EGFR-mutant lung cancer
Authors: Li Li , Wang Yubo , Jiao Lin , Lin Caiyu , Lu Conghua , Zhang Kejun , Hu Chen , Ye Junyi , Zhang Dadong , Feng Mingxia , He Yong 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTDrug resistance to Osimertinib, a 3rd-generation EGFR-TKI is inevitable. Autophagy plays a contradictory role in resistance of 1stand 2ndgeneration EGFR-TKI, and its significance in osimertinib resistance is much less clear. We therefore investigated whether autophagy determines osimertinib resistance. First, osimertinib induced autophagy to a much greater extent than that of gefitinib, and autophagy inhibition further increased osimertinib efficacy. Next, enhanced autophagy was found in osimertinib resistant cells and autophagy inhibition partially reversed osimertinib resistance. Enhanced stem-cell like properties were found in resistant cells, and siRNA-knock down ofSOX2orALDH1A1reversed osimertinib resistance. Of note, autophagy inhibition or siRNA-knock down of Beclin-1 decreased expression of SOX2 and ALDH1A1 and stem-cell like properties. Next, autophagy inhibition and osimertinib in combination effectively blocked tumor growth in xenografts, which was associated with decreased autophagy and stem cell-like propertiesin vivo. Finally, enhanced autophagy was found in lung cancer patients with resistance to osimertinib. In conclusion, the current study delineates a previously unknown function of autophagy in determining osimertinib resistance through promoting stem-cell like properties.
Anthropometric and functional profiles of elite athletes from different categories at ABADÁ Capoeira World Championship
Authors: Almeida Lucas G , Numata Filho Eduardo S , dos Santos Geovani A , Cardoso - Mestre Camisa José T C , Moreira Sérgio R 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to characterize the anthropometric and functional profiles of 50 male elite competitors at the 2017 Capoeira World Championship organized by ABADÁ Capoeira School in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The competitors were divided into different weight categories: lightweight (VIOLA, ≤76.9 kg; n = 15), intermediate weight (MEDIO, 77.0–85.9 kg; n = 25), and heavyweight (GUNGA, ≥86.0 kg; n = 10). Two evaluation batteries were performed: 1) anthropometry and somatotype determination and 2) functional performance on push-up, sit-up, and sit-and-reach tests; quadrant jump test (QJT); squat jump (SJ); and countermovement jump (CMJ). Results reveal that the mesomorphic component of the somatotype differed between the GUNGA subgroup and other groups (F[2,47] = 7.617; p = 0.001), while ectomorphy differed between the VIOLA and GUNGA subgroups (F[2,47] = 3.899; p = 0.027). The “endo-mesomorph” classification predominated in the three investigated categories. For functional performance, there was a difference in QJT between the VIOLA and GUNGA subgroups (F[2,47] = 4.299; p = 0.019). The endomorphism had a negative correlation (p < 0.01) with the performance in the sit-up (r = -0.51), push -up (r = -0.39), SJ (r = -0.45), and CMJ (r = -0.49). We concluded that at the international level, male elite competitors show predominance in the mesomorphic component of the somatotype. Furthermore, the endomorphic component correlated inversely with functional performance in trunk and upper limb resistance tests and lower limb explosive strength tests. These results can help coaches in targeting specific training programs for Capoeira athletes who aim for a high competitive level.
Crystal Structure of Human Nocturnin Catalytic Domain
Authors: Estrella Michael A. , Du Jin , Korennykh Alexei 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNocturnin (NOCT) helps the circadian clock to adjust metabolism according to day and night activity. NOCT is upregulated in early evening and it has been proposed to serve as a deadenylase for metabolic enzyme mRNAs. We present a 2.7-Å crystal structure of the catalytic domain of human NOCT. Our structure shows that NOCT has a close overall similarity to CCR4 deadenylase family members, PDE12 and CNOT6L, and to a DNA repair enzyme TDP2. All the key catalytic residues present in PDE12, CNOT6L and TDP2 are conserved in NOCT and have the same conformations. However, we observe substantial differences in the surface properties of NOCT, an unexpectedly narrow active site pocket, and conserved structural elements in the vicinity of the catalytic center, which are unique to NOCT and absent in the deadenylases PDE12/CNOT6L. Our work thus reveals the structure of an intriguing circadian protein and suggests that NOCT has considerable differences from the related deadenylases, which may point to a unique cellular function of this enzyme.
A systematic approach to develop risk registry frameworks for complex projects
Authors: Khallaf Rana , Naderpajouh Nader , Hastak Makarand 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to build upon the extensive application of risk registries in the construction literature and establish a systematic methodology to develop risk registries. Risk registries channel judgment of experts as a basis for risk analysis and should be tailored for each project to be more effective. Given their prevalence, there is a need for systematic integration of tacit and explicit knowledge to develop practical risk registries.

Design/methodology/approach
A combined approach is proposed using the systematic literature review (SLR) technique to integrate explicit knowledge and Delphi technique to integrate tacit knowledge in the development of risk registries. This two-step approach further increases the robustness of the registries by validating them through integrating and contrasting multiple forms of knowledge for a tailored risk registry.

Findings
The application of the proposed approach indicates that the use of multiple forms of knowledge can increase the robustness and practicality of risk registries. It also showcased its potential in the development of risk registries for complex projects. Examples include modification of risk factors obtained from the explicit sources of knowledge based on contextual tacit knowledge.

Originality/value
The proposed approach is an imperative step to standardize the development of risk registries. With its inherent validation process through integrating and contrasting tacit and explicit knowledge, practitioners can use this approach to develop practical risk registries for different categories of projects. Integrating different forms of knowledge can increase the impact of registries beyond risk assessment and in contexts such as decision making and performance assessment.