bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depolarization and Faraday effects in AGN Jets
Authors: Yushkov E , Pashchenko I N , Sokoloff D , Chumarin G 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Radio interferometric observations of active galactic nuclei (AGN) jets reveal the significant linear polarization of their synchrotron radiation that changes with frequency due to the Faraday rotation. It is generally assumed that such depolarization could be a powerful tool for studying the magnetized plasma in the vicinity of the jet. However, depolarization could also occur within the jet if the emitting and rotating plasma are cospatial (i.e. the internal Faraday rotation). Burn obtained very simple dependence of the polarization on the wavelength squared for the discrete source and resolved slab that is widely used for interpreting the depolarization of AGN jets. However, it ignores the influence of the non-uniform large-scale magnetic field of the jet on the depolarization. Under the simple assumptions about the possible jet magnetic field structures, we obtain the corresponding generalizations of Burn’s relation widely used for galaxies analysis. We show that the frequency dependences of the Faraday rotation measure and polarization angle in some cases allow to estimate the structures of the jets magnetic fields.
The ultraviolet luminosity function of star-forming galaxies between redshifts of 0.4 and 0.6
Authors: Page M J , Dwelly T , McHardy I , Seymour N , Mason K O , Sharma M , Kennea J A , Sasseen T P , Breeveld A A , Matthews A E 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
We combine ultraviolet imaging of the $13^{H}$ survey field, taken with the XMM–Newton Optical Monitor telescope (XMM–OM) and the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory Ultraviolet and Optical Telescope (UVOT) in the UVM2 band, to measure rest-frame ultraviolet 1500 Å luminosity functions of star-forming galaxies with redshifts z between 0.4 and 0.6. In total the UVM2 imaging covers a sky area of 641 arcmin$^{2}$, and we detect 273 galaxies in the UVM2 image with $0.4\lt z\lt 0.6$. The luminosity function is fit by a Schechter function with best-fitting values for the faint end slope $\alpha =-1.8^{+0.4}_{-0.3}$ and characteristic absolute magnitude $M^{*} = -19.1^{+0.3}_{-0.4}$. In common with XMM–OM based studies at higher redshifts, our best-fitting value for $M^{*}$ is fainter than previous measurements. We argue that the purging of active galactic nuclei from the sample, facilitated by the cospatial X-ray survey carried out with XMM–Newton is important for the determination of $M^{*}$. At the brightest absolute magnitudes ($M_{1500}\lt -18.5$), the average UV colour of our galaxies is consistent with that of minimal-extinction local analogues, but the average UV colour is redder for galaxies at fainter absolute magnitudes, suggesting that higher levels of dust attenuation enter the sample at absolute magnitudes somewhat fainter than $M^{*}$.
The impact of periastron passage on the X-ray and optical properties of the Symbiotic System R Aquarii
Authors: Vasquez-Torres D A , Toalá J A , Sacchi A , Guerrero M A , Tejeda E , Karovska M , Jr R Montez 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Multi-epoch Chandra and XMM–Newton observations of the symbiotic system R Aquarii (R Aqr) spanning 22 yr are analysed by means of a reflection model produced by an accretion disc. This methodology helps dissecting the contribution from different components in the X-ray spectra of R Aqr: the soft emission from the jet and extended emission, the heavily extinguished plasma component of the boundary layer and the reflection contribution, which naturally includes the 6.4 keV Fe fluorescent line. The evolution with time of the different components is studied for epochs between September 2000 and December 2022, and it is found that the fluxes of the boundary layer and that of the reflecting component increase as the stellar components in R Aqr approach periastron passage, a similar behaviour is exhibited by the shocked plasma produced by the precessing jet. Using publicly available optical and UV data we are able to study the evolution of the mass-accretion rate $\dot{M}_\mathrm{acc}$ and the wind accretion efficiency $\eta$ during periastron. These exhibit a small degree of variability with median values of $\dot{M}_\mathrm{acc}$=7.3$\times 10^{-10}$ M$_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$ and $\eta$=7$\times 10^{-3}$. We compare our estimations with predictions from a modified Bondi–Hoyle–Lyttleton accretion scenario.
Time-dependent metal ionization and the persistence of collisionally excited emission lines in the diffuse ionized gas of star-forming galaxies
Authors: McCallum Lewis , Wood Kenneth , Benjamin Robert , Krishnarao Dhanesh , Vandenbroucke Bert 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
We extend our time-dependent hydrogen ionization simulations of diffuse ionized gas to include metals important for collisional cooling and diagnostic emission lines. The combination of heating from supernovae and time-dependent collisional and photoionization from mid-plane OB stars produces emission line intensities (and emission line ratios) that follow the trends observed in the Milky Way and other edge-on galaxies. The long recombination times in low-density gas result in persistent large volumes of ions with high ionization potentials, such as O iii and Ne iii. In particular, the vertically extended layers of Ne iii in our time-dependent simulations result in [Ne iii] 15 $\mu$m/[Ne ii] 12 $\mu$m emission line ratios in agreement with observations of the edge-on galaxy NGC 891. Simulations adopting ionization equilibrium do not allow for the persistence of ions with high ionization states and therefore cannot reproduce the observed emission lines from low-density gas at high altitudes.
Rediscovering publicly available single-cell data with the DISCO platform
Authors: Li Mengwei , Ang Kok Siong , Teo Brian , Rom Uddamvathanak , Nguyen Minh N , Maurer-Stroh Sebastian , Chen Jinmiao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has emerged as the key technique for studying transcriptomics at the single-cell level. In our previous work, we presented the DISCO database (https://www.immunesinglecell.org/) that integrates publicly available human scRNA-seq data. We now introduce an enhanced version of DISCO, which has expanded fourfold to include &gt;100 million cells from &gt;17 thousand samples. It provides uniformly realigned read count tables, curated metadata, integrated tissue and phenotype specific atlases, and harmonized cell type annotations. It also hosts a single-cell enhanced knowledgebase of cell type ontology and gene signatures relating to cell types and phenotypes. Lastly, it offers a suite of tools for data retrieval, integration, annotation, and mapping, allowing users to construct customized atlases and perform integrated analysis with their own data. These tools are also available in a standalone R package for offline analysis.
MDRepo—an open data warehouse for community-contributed molecular dynamics simulations of proteins
Authors: Roy Amitava , Ward Ethan , Choi Illyoung , Cosi Michele , Edgin Tony , Hughes Travis S , Islam Md Shafayet , Khan Asif M , Kolekar Aakash , Rayl Mariah , Robinson Isaac , Sarando Paul , Skidmore Edwin , Swetnam Tyson L , Wall Mariah , Xu Zhuoyun , Yung Michelle L , Merchant Nirav , Wheeler Travis J 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation of biomolecules provides important insights into conformational changes and dynamic behavior, revealing critical information about folding and interactions with other molecules. The collection of simulations stored in computers across the world holds immense potential to serve as training data for future Machine Learning models that will transform the prediction of structure, dynamics, drug interactions, and more. Ideally, there should exist an open access repository that enables scientists to submit and store their MD simulations of proteins and protein-drug interactions, and to find, retrieve, analyze, and visualize simulations produced by others. However, despite the ubiquity of MD simulation in structural biology, no such repository exists; as a result, simulations are instead stored in scattered locations without uniform metadata or access protocols. Here, we introduce MDRepo, a robust infrastructure that provides a relatively simple process for standardized community contribution of simulations, activates common downstream analyses on stored data, and enables search, retrieval, and visualization of contributed data. MDRepo is built on top of the open-source CyVerse research cyber-infrastructure, and is capable of storing petabytes of simulations, while providing high bandwidth upload and download capabilities and laying a foundation for cloud-based access to its stored data.
C9orf72 repeat expansion creates the unstable folate-sensitive fragile site FRA9A
Authors: Mirceta Mila , Schmidt Monika H M , Shum Natalie , Prasolava Tanya K , Meikle Bryanna , Lanni Stella , Mohiuddin Mohiuddin , McKeever Paul M , Zhang Ming , Liang Minggao , van der Werf Ilse , Scheers Stefaan , Dion Patrick A , Wang Peixiang , Wilson Michael D , Abell Theresa , Philips Elliot A , Sznajder Łukasz J , Swanson Maurice S , Mehkary Mustafa , Khan Mahreen , Yokoi Katsuyuki , Jung Christine , de Jong Pieter J , Freudenreich Catherine H , McGoldrick Philip , Yuen Ryan K C , Abrahão Agessandro , Keith Julia , Zinman Lorne , Robertson Janice , Rogaeva Ekaterina , Rouleau Guy A , Kooy R Frank , Pearson Christopher E 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The hyper-unstable Chr9p21 locus, harbouring the interferon gene cluster, oncogenes and C9orf72, is linked to multiple diseases. C9orf72 (GGGGCC)n expansions (C9orf72Exp) are associated with incompletely penetrant amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia and autoimmune disorders. C9orf72Exp patients display hyperactive cGAS-STING-linked interferon immune and DNA damage responses, but the source of immunostimulatory or damaged DNA is unknown. Here, we show C9orf72Exp in pre-symptomatic and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-frontotemporal dementia patient cells and brains cause the folate-sensitive chromosomal fragile site, FRA9A. FRA9A centers on &gt;33 kb of C9orf72 as highly compacted chromatin embedded in an 8.2 Mb fragility zone spanning 9p21, encompassing 46 genes, making FRA9A one of the largest fragile sites. C9orf72Exp cells show chromosomal instability, heightened global- and Chr9p-enriched sister-chromatid exchanges, truncated-Chr9s, acentric-Chr9s and Chr9-containing micronuclei, providing endogenous sources of damaged and immunostimulatory DNA. Cells from one C9orf72Exp patient contained a highly rearranged FRA9A-expressing Chr9 with Chr9-wide dysregulated gene expression. Somatic C9orf72Exp repeat instability and chromosomal fragility are sensitive to folate deficiency. Age-dependent repeat instability, chromosomal fragility and chromosomal instability can be transferred to CNS and peripheral tissues of transgenic C9orf72Exp mice, implicating C9orf72Exp as the source. Our results highlight unappreciated effects of C9orf72 expansions that trigger vitamin-sensitive chromosome fragility, adding structural variations to the disease-enriched 9p21 locus, and likely elsewhere.
MID1-COMPLEMENTING ACTIVITY regulates cell proliferation and development via Ca2+ signaling in Marchantia polymorpha
Authors: Iwano Megumi , Suetsugu Noriyuki , Nishihama Ryuichi , Ishida Sakiko , Horie Tomoaki , Costa Alex , Katsuno Tatsuya , Kimura Midori , Iida Kazuko , Iida Hidetoshi , Nagai Takeharu , Kohchi Takayuki 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
MID1-COMPLEMENTING ACTIVITY (MCA) is a land plant-specific, plasma membrane protein, and Ca2+ signaling component that responds to exogenous mechanical stimuli, such as touch, gravity, and hypotonic-osmotic stress, in various plant species. MCA is essential for cell proliferation and differentiation during growth and development in rice (Oryza sativa) and maize (Zea mays). However, the mechanism by which MCA mediates cell proliferation and differentiation via Ca2+ signaling remains unknown. Here, we address this question using the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. We show that the M. polymorpha MCA ortholog, MpMCA, is highly expressed in actively dividing regions, such as apical notches in the thalli and developing gametangiophores, and that MpMCA is a plasma membrane protein. In vivo, Ca2+ imaging using a Ca2+ sensor (yellow cameleon) revealed that MpMCA is required for maintaining proper [Ca2+]cyt levels in the apical notch region, egg cells, and antheridium cells. Mpmca mutant plants showed severe cell proliferation and differentiation defects in the thalli, gametangiophores, and gametangia, resulting in abnormal development and unsuccessful fertilization. Furthermore, expression of the Arabidopsis MCA1 gene complemented most of the defects in the growth and development of the Mpmca mutant plants. Our findings indicate that MpMCA is an evolutionarily conserved Ca2+-signaling component that regulates cell proliferation and development across the life cycle of land plants.
A noetic account of explanation in mathematics
Authors: D’Alessandro William , Lehet Ellen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We defend a noetic account of intramathematical explanation. On this view, a piece of mathematics is explanatory just in case it produces understanding of an appropriate type. We motivate the view by presenting some appealing features of noeticism. We then discuss and criticize the most prominent extant version of noeticism, due to Inglis and Mejía Ramos, which identifies explanatory understanding with the possession of well-organized cognitive schemas. Finally, we present a novel noetic account. On our view, explanatory understanding arises from meeting specific explanatory objectives. We defend a cluster-concept account of explanatory objectives and identify four important subfamilies within the relevant network of resemblance relations. The resulting view is objectivist (in the sense that it takes explanatory success to be a matter of observer-independent fact), broader in scope than why-question-based accounts, compatible with empirical findings on experts’ explanatory judgments, and capable of generalizing (with appropriate provisos) to scientific explanation as a whole. It thus fulfills Friedman’s half-century-old demand for a general and objectivist theory, which accounts for the link between explanation and understanding.
Electoral Turnovers
Authors: Marx Benjamin , Pons Vincent , Rollet Vincent 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In most national elections, voters face a key choice between continuity and change. Electoral turnovers occur when the incumbent candidate or party fails to win reelection. To understand how turnovers affect national outcomes, we study all presidential and parliamentary elections held globally between 1946 and 2018. We document the prevalence of turnovers over time and estimate their effects on economic performance, human development, and the quality of democracy. Using a close-elections regression discontinuity design across countries, we show that turnovers improve several measures of country performance. To explain these positive effects, we explore how electoral turnovers affect leader characteristics, shape policy decisions, reduce perceived corruption, and foster accountability.
Clinical course of paediatric-onset Behçet’s disease in young adulthood
Authors: Bozkurt Tugce , Yildiz Mehmet , Deniz Rabia , Yazici Ayten , Karabacak Murat , Karatas Hakan , Kutluğ-Ağaçkıran Seda , Gunalp Aybuke , Kilic Konte Elif , Şahin Sezgin , Koker Oya , Barut Kenan , Bes Cemal , Cefle Ayse , Ergun Tulin , Direskeneli Haner , Kasapçopur Özgür , Alibaz-Oner Fatma 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Although Behçet’s disease (BD) typically manifests in the second or third decade of life, initial symptoms may appear at a younger age. It may also take a longer time for the full disease phenotype to develop after the first symptom onset in paediatric patients. In this study, the objective was to assess the clinical course of paediatric-onset BD in young adult period.

Methods
The files of 112 patients diagnosed with BD before the age of 18, selected from five tertiary clinics, were retrospectively examined. Patients with a follow-up of less than 6 months were excluded.

Results
The study comprised 93 patients with paediatric-onset BD, of whom 64.5% (n = 60) were male. The median age of diagnosis was 15 years (13–17). Major organ involvement was present in 49 (52.5%) patients. The most commonly affected organ was the eye (29%). Sixty-eight patients (73.1%) had follow-up data in adulthood. Forty patients had only mucocutaneous manifestations in the paediatric period. During follow-up in adulthood, 15 (53.3% were male) had new major organ involvement, at a mean of 10.1 (s.d.: 7.9) years after diagnosis. Twenty-eight patients (41.1%) experienced major organ involvement during the paediatric period. In follow-up during adulthood, 12 (42.8%) developed new major organ involvement and/or relapse of the same organ. Eighteen (26.5%) of 68 paediatric-onset BD patients had new major organ involvement, and 9 (13.2%) had a relapse during follow-up in adulthood.

Conclusion
Our results showed that nearly one-third of paediatric BD patients have a new major organ involvement or a relapse in adulthood. Regular follow-up of paediatric BD patients in adulthood is essential for preventing long-term damage in this disease subset.
Dismantling labour markets from above: the case of wage policy in the European Union
Authors: Guidi Mattia , Guardiancich Igor 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Are countries reforming their labour market constrained by external political or financial institutions? This article analyses the supranational pressures impacting wage policy in European member states. Theoretically, it takes inspiration from the literature on international financial markets to analyse the key phases of a nascent multi-level policy cycle, where the European Commission plays a pivotal role. Empirically, it distinguishes between wage policy prescriptions (CSR database, 2011–2019, complemented with EUR-Lex) and reform events (LabRef database, 2008–2019) granting more or less protection to workers. Methodologically, it employs mixed regression models with country and year random intercepts finding out that: (a) the Commission, when recommending wage policy, unambiguously prefers reforms reducing workers’ protection, thus displaying preferences aligned with those of international financial institutions; (b) through external conditionality, the pressures stemming from such biased approach exert a tangible impact on national policymaking, ultimately resulting in weakened labour market institutions and reduced well-being of workers.
Time–space control: explaining subnational variation in Thailand’s guestwork regimes
Authors: Palmgren Pei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
How do states control labor migration? Furthering global trends, nation states increasingly seek to include foreigners in labor markets while excluding them from settling. Yet, dominant theories maintain a limited conception of migration control as primarily immigrant restriction, especially in the global North. Thailand offers a paradigmatic case for understanding labor migration control and the dual goal of inclusion–exclusion it entails. While migrants generally face rigid limits on their immigration status, the Thai state shows internal variation in how it manages their inclusion as workers: in some places, authorities more strictly regulate time limits of documents, while in others, they focus on control of boundaries around migrant spatial access. Drawing from ethnographic fieldwork in two sites, this article examines this regulatory variation to inform a more general understanding of guestwork control in global context. Comparing two subnational regimes, I show that the state must respond to multiple forces from above and below when controlling labor migration, requiring subnational regulatory differences, and fostering contrasting means of labor reproduction. Findings suggest that differential subnational incorporation into regional and global economies can shape differences in the time–space control of migrant workers and the conditions of noncitizenship that come with it.
The potency of the OHADA law in the African digital economy
Authors: Djieufack Roland 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
There are various technological developments or innovations that have (or will in the future) radically transform business transactions and the way in which people work, enter into contracts, and fulfil their contractual obligations. The principal focus of this article is to analyse the shortfall of the Organisation for the Harmonisation of Business Laws in Africa’s (OHADA) law, through its Uniform Act on General Commercial Law, in failing to embrace new technologies in a trending digital era when applying traditional contract laws rules to the buying and selling of goods. This is significant because the Uniform Act, as a tool for the regulation of cross-border sale of goods contracts, has been put to the test. Although the scope of the OHADA Uniform Act on General Commercial Law is not extensive to new technologies, this article probes the question as to whether the pulse of technology poses a challenge for the traditional 20th-century rules under OHADA. In other words, is the statute robust enough to reflect the modern digital world, or will it become outdated if it is not revamped or supplemented by other conventions to accommodate new technologies and ways of conducting business? This study uses an in-depth critical analysis of the provisions of the Uniform Act in order to ascertain its potency as it concludes that it is imperative in this modern digital age for such a statute to embody technological innovations for the efficient conduct of transnational businesses.
Photosynthesis Responses to the Infection with Plant Pathogens
Authors: Cheaib Alissar , Killiny Nabil 
Published: November 2024

Photosynthesis, the remarkable process by which green plants synthesize nutrients using light energy, plays a crucial role in sustaining life on Earth. However, the effects of pathogens on photosynthesis are not widely understood. In general, a reduction of photosynthesis occurs upon the infection with pathogens. Two main scenarios are responsible for the reduction in photosynthetic capacity. In the first scenario, the pathogen attacks green aerial tissues, such as when caused by fungal and bacterial leaf spots and blights, which affect photosynthesis by destroying green leaf tissue or causing defoliation. This leads to a decrease in the photosynthetic area, ultimately reducing photosynthesis. Interestingly, even when the overall chlorophyll content of leaves is significantly reduced due to pathogen invasion, the remaining chlorophyll-containing leaf area may maintain or even enhance its photosynthetic efficiency. This compensatory mechanism helps mitigate the loss of photosynthetic area. However, the overall yield of the plant is still affected. The second scenario is a reduction in chlorophyll content due to chlorosis, which is characterized by yellowing of leaves. It is a common symptom of plant diseases. It refers to a reduction in the amount of chlorophyll per chloroplast rather than a decrease in chloroplast number. Diseases caused by viruses and phytoplasmas often exhibit chlorosis. While pathogens disrupt photosynthesis, plants exhibit significant adaptations to cope with these challenges. Understanding these interactions is essential for sustainable agriculture and ecosystem health. Thus, in this review, we discuss the effect of several pathogens on the photosynthesis processes and efficiency in detail. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .