bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SUPER WOMEN: SOLUSI TERHADAP KEKERASAN PADA PEREMPUAN?
Authors: M.Hum Syamsudin, 
Published: September 2019

Violence on women will never stop! This statement could be right looking at the recent condition experienced by women. There are at least two factors causing women always become the victim of many violence and are always marginalized. The first factor because of the patriarchy culture system and the second one, because of the inappropriate interpretation of Koran verses. Those two factors really have placed women to be weak in many aspects of life. Moreover, they only have low education. They become passive and dependent. They are even as weak as their physic compared with men. That’s why, they are easy to become the victim of many violence. Danger is always staying in front of them. But, knowing about this, can’t women free themselves from this bad condition? The answer is clear; Yes, they can! But what to do? There is only one thing that can help women free from being colonialized. What’s that? “Super Women” ! Right, “Super Women” is the only answer for them to be free from being the victim of many violence and being marginalized in many aspects of life. But, to become “Super Women” is not easy. To be “Super Women”, they must get high education. However, there is nothing impossible in this world. That’s why, they must educate themselves soon. Using the knowledge they get they can change their world. Next, their life won’t be filled with story of becoming the victim of many violence or being marginalized, on the reverse, they could manage their own life to be “Super Women”. And only by becoming “Super Women”, based on the religion corridor women would be successful in career, social organization and household fully. Finally, they could maximize their life to be useful for themselves, family, society and the country.Key Terms: violence on women, education, “Super Women”.
PERAN GENDER DALAM MENANGANI PERMASALAHAN SAMPAH
Authors: Harningsih, M.Si Tri 
Published: September 2019

Sampah pada dasarnya merupakan suatu bahan yang terbuang atau dibuang dari suatu sumber hasil aktivitas manusia maupun proses-proses alam yang mempunyai nilai ekonomi tinggi jika dimanfaatkan dengan baik dan benar. Tetapi jika dibiarkan saja, maka sampah akan mempunyai nilai ekonomi yang negatif karena dalam penanganannya baik untuk membuang atau membersihkannya memerlukan biaya yang cukup besar. Sampah dan pengelolaannya kini menjadi masalah yang kian mendesak di Indonesia, sebab apabila tidak dilakukan penanganan yang baik akan mengakibatkan terjadinya perubahan keseimbangan lingkungan yang merugikan atau tidak diharapkan sehingga dapat mencemari lingkungan baik terhadap tanah, air dan udara. Oleh karena itu untuk mengatasi masalah pencemaran tersebut diperlukan penanganan dan pengendalian terhadap sampah. Pengelolaan sampah secara terpadu berarti bahwa dalam mengelola sampah harus diperhatikan segala aspek yang terkait sebagai satu kesatuan yang terintegrasi luas dan holistik, yaitu sampah dikelola tidak berdasarkan aspek kebersinggungan dan keterkaitannya secara erat dengan aspek-aspek lain, seperti kesehatan, tata ruang, pendidikan, politik dan kamtibmas, kemiskinan, peluang usaha, investasi, produksi, teknologi, ketenagakerjaan, lingkungan hidup serta perempuan. <br /><br />Kata kunci : sampah, kesehatan, teknologi, lingkungan hidup dan tenaga kerja<br /><br />
Sinkronisasi Maqosid As Syariah Dan Konsep Kesetaraan Gender Dalam Konsep Iddah
Authors: Firdaus Dwi Hidayatul 
Published: September 2019

<p>Gender is construction and social order about various differences between two sexes which related to social relationships between men and women, or a characteristic which has been specified socially and culture. To understand concept of justice and gender equaity it need correct understanding. And for every Muslim ought to understand this gender concept which is related to Islamic law, should be able to synchronize gender concept with the purpose and intention of Islamic law (al-Maqasid al-Syar'iyyah) in the form of the benefit to human being, it have to comprehend widely especially in the problem of iddah. The meaning of islamic law basically will realize kindliness of real life to human being, either through individually or socially. Beside aims to form good person, Islamic law also aims to uphold mashlahah and social justice.</p><p> </p><p>Gender adalah konstruksi dan tatanan sosial mengenai berbagai perbedaan antara jenis kelamin yang mengacu kepada relasi-relasi sosial antara perempuan dan laki-laki, atau suatu sifat yang telah ditetapkan secara sosial maupun budaya. Memang untuk memahami konsep keadilan dan kesetaraan gender diperlukan pemahaman yang benar. Dan bagi setiap muslim<em> </em>seharusnya memahami konsep gender ini yang bersinggungan dengan hukum Islam, harus bisa mensinkronkan gender tersebut dengan maksud dan tujuan dari hukum Islam (maqasid as-Syar’iyyah) yang berupa kemashlahatan bagi manusia ini harus dipahami secara luas terkhusus masalah iddah. Dalam arti hukum Islam pada dasarnya hendak mewujudkan kebaikan hidup yang hakiki bagi manusia, baik secara individual maupun social. Di samping bertujuan untuk membentuk pribadi yang baik, hukum Islam juga bertujuan untuk menegakkan kemashlahatan dan keadilan social.</p>
REKONSEPTUALISASI PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP ANAK SEBAGAI PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA NARKOTIKA DALAM SISTEM PERADILAN ANAK DI INDONESIA
Authors: Suhadak Faridatus , Sukadi Imam 
Published: September 2019

<p>Legal protection for children is to give protection to the child so that the rights of children as perpetrators of crime narcotics more secure so that the child can live, and grow optimally in accordance with the dignity and the dignity of humanity. Form of legal protection of children as perpetrators of crime narcotics is by implement a diversion. Diversi in fact also has the goal to keeping the child spared from negative effects of the application of the criminal. Diversion also has the essence to keep guarantee the child grow and develop both physically and mentally.</p><p>Perlindungan hukum bagi anak adalah memberikan perlindungan kepada anak agar hak-hak anak sebagai pelaku tindak pidana Narkotika lebih terjamin sehingga anak bisa hidup, tumbuh dan berkembang secara optimal sesuai dengan harkat dan martabat kemanusiaan. Bentuk perlindungan hukum terhadap anak sebagai pelaku tidak pidana narkotika adalah dengan menerapkan diversi. Diversi pada hakikatnya juga mempunyai tujuan agar anak terhindar dari dampak negatif penerapan pidana. Diversi juga mempunyai esensi untuk tetap menjamin anak tumbuh dan berkembang baik secar fisik maupun mental.</p><br /><p> </p>
Pengaruh First Pshycological Aid dalam Meningkatkan Regulasi Emosi dan Coping Stress Anak Panti Asuhan
Authors: Astuti Rr. Dwi , Kawuryan Fajar 
Published: September 2019

<span>Penelitian awal terkait kondisi remaja di beberapa panti asuhan kota Kudus menunjukkan bahwa 37% remaja mengalami stres ringan, 32% mengalami stres dalam tingkat sedang, 27% mengalami stres dalam tingkat berat, dan 4% mmengalami stres sangat berat. Berdasarkan klasifikasi tingkatan stres tersebut, dalam penelitian yang sama teridentifikasi bahwa 13% remaja mengalami gangguan pencernaan, 47% mengalami sakit kepala, 3% mengalami gangguan kulit, 8% mengalami tekanan darah tinggi, 11% mengalami gangguan pernafasan, dan 18% mengalami gangguan yang lain, meliputi insomnia (tidak bisa tidur), sulit berkonsentrasi, mudah cemas dan bingung, badan lemas, malas, jantung berdebar-debar, menjadi lebih sensitif dan emosional, serta minder dengan lawan jenis disebabkan stres yang dialami. Hal ini tentunya mengganggu kegiatan sehari-hari mereka di pondok dan di sekolah. Kebanyakan disebabkan karena kondisi keluarga yang <em>broken home</em>, sehingga menelantarkan kebutuhan psikologis, sosial, dan ekonomi anak. Proses yang dilakukan seseorang untuk mengatasi stres dinamakan <em>coping</em>(kemampuan mengatasi masalah). Peneliti mengupayakan salah satu cara meningkatkan kemampuan regulasi emosi dan <em>coping stress</em>pada remaja panti asuhan dengan menggunakan pelatihan <em>First Psychological Aid.</em>Hasil dari kegiatan ini, telah menunjukkan peningkatan kemampuan regulasi emosi dan <em>coping stress</em>. Perubahan juga terlihat pada perilaku remaja panti asuhan yang semakin baik selama dan sesudah pelatihan.</span>
KAJIAN PENGEMBANGAN PRODUK SALAK SENASE (Salacca zalacca (Gaert.) Voss) BANGKALAN MADURA SEBAGAI PERMEN JELLY
Authors: Rosida Dedin Finatsiyatull , Taqwa Arumsaka Arina 
Published: September 2019

One various of candy, like jelly candy is made from fruit juice. Gel-forming material and the presence of acid, which has a certain elasticity texture. Jelly candy is a solid form with a relatively soft texture when chewed, elastic, made from sugar and other sweeteners with a mixture of fruit juice and gelling ingredients such as carrageenan or gelatin. Fruit juice from salacca contains various compounds that can act as antioxidants, including vitamin C and phenolic compounds and tannins. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of carrageenan and gelatin on the quality of salacca jelly candy based on physical, chemical and organoleptic characteristic. This study used a completely randomized design with one factor with eight treatments, namely carrageenan and gelatin formulations. The formulation used was 2%: 0%; 4%: 0%; 2%: 15%; 4%: 15%; 2%: 18%; 4%: 18%; 0%: 15%; 0%: 18%. The best results of jelly candy treatment with carrageenan concentration of 2%. This resulted had moisture of 12.462%, ash of 0.597%, reducing sugar of 8.79%, total acid of 0.401%, pH of 4.76, gel strength of 36,706 N, color intensity of L 35.4; a* 8.3; b* 13.5. Based on organoleptic characteristic, its color value of 4.84 (rather like), aroma of 4.76 (rather like), texture of 4.76 (rather like) and flavor of 5.20 (like).
Keywords: carrageenan, gel properties, gelatin, jelly candy, salacca
KARAKTERISTIK ORGANOLEPTIK DAN FISIKOKIMIA KOPI JAHE CELUP PADA VARIASI TINGKAT PENYANGRAIAN DAN KONSENTRASI BUBUK JAHE
Authors: Fauzi Mukhammad , Novijanto Noer , Rarasati Dhuita Puspita 
Published: September 2019

Coffee is one of the plantation commodities that have high economic value. Coffee beans generally process become roasted coffee beans or ground coffee. Brewed ground coffee still leave the dregs when it mix with boiling water. The effort to reduce the dregs of the ground coffee is making dip coffee products. One of the new innovations was make healthful coffee products with ginger, namely coffee-ginger bag. Ginger rhizome contains bioactive compounds such as phenolic compounds (shogaol and gingerol) and essential oils, such as bisapolen, zingiberen, zingiberol and curcumen, that act as antioxidants. Different roasting level of coffee and concentration of ginger powder affected the flavor and aroma of coffee-ginger bag. The results showed that the most preferred coffee-ginger bag was dip ginger coffee roasted on dark level and 6% ginger powder concentration. It had total polyphenol of 98.72 μg GAE/ml with the antioxidant activity of 44.31%. Coffee-ginger bag roasted on dark level and 6% ginger powder concentration had lightness of 39.4. The highest total content of dissolved solids was coffee-ginger bag roasted on dark level and 0% ginger powder concentration which reached 13.12 mg/ml.
Keywords: antioxidants, coffee, ginger, polyphenols, roasting
KARAKTERISTIK FLAKE UBI JALAR ORANGE DAN UNGU DENGAN PENAMBAHAN MINYAK NABATI (MINYAK SAWIT, MINYAK KELAPA, DAN MARGARIN)
Authors: Rahmawati Avinda Nur , Maryanto Maryanto , Nurhayati Nurhayati 
Published: September 2019

Sweet potato flake is ready-to-eat foods comsumed by the adding a milk. Lipid or oil in the flake can change the crunchy and texture. Oil was added to fungtions as the stabilisator, lubricant and to improved crispness of flake. The aims of this study was to evaluate of physical and sensory characteristic of flake made from orange and purple sweet potatoes with addition the vegetable oils. This study used Complete Random Design (CRD) with two factors and two replications. The A factor was type of sweet potatoes, i.e. orange sweet potato (A1) and purple sweet potato (A2). The B factors (B) were type of oils; palm oil (B1), coconut oil (B2) and margarine (B3). The results showed that the rehydrations flake of orange and purple sweet potatoes with additions of variation oil type ranged from (58,13 - 85,61%,); hygroscopicity ranged (6,93 - 8,86%); water content ranged from (3,57 - 6,47%). The highest favorite value of color on orange sweet potato flake with addition margarine (5,42), while purple sweet potato flake with addition palm oil has the lowest favorite value (3,46). The aroma value of orange and purple sweet potatoes flake with the addition coconut oil has the highest (5,15) and (5,35) than palm oil and margarine. Preference taste of orange and purple sweet potatoes flakes was the highest if additions of coconut oil, i.e. very like (score 5,12). Crispness preference was preferred from orange sweet potato flake with coconut oil additions (4,96). Favorite taste was preferred on purple sweet potato flake with coconut oil addition (5,38).
Keywords: coconut oil, flake, preference test, sweet potato, vegetable oil
PEMBERDAYAAN EKONOMI MELALUI WAKAF
Authors: Hadi Solikhul 
Published: September 2019

Waqf has an economic value where waqf is a potential source of funds for people who need to be developed, utilized, and managed professionally to obtain optimal results. In order to mobilize the potential of waqf, a partnership should be made of the endowments established by the community and the representative bodies established by the Government. The purpose of waqf regulation from the economic aspect is to improve the welfare of Muslims and the Indonesian nation. In addition, to accommodate the growing potential of waqf that is increasingly diverse in line with modern <br />economy such as cash waqf. There are several obstacles that impede the implementation of cash waqf in accordance with the provisions of Law no. 41 of 2004, among which are; first, the Indonesian Waqf Board (BWI) does not have the operational power in the area of sufficient money waqf. Second, the principle used in the implementation of waqf money is too rigid, ie the bank is purely as a bank. Thus, the Wakifwho performs cash waqf is treated the same with other customers.
Kekerabatan Plasma Nutfah Tebu Berdasarkan Karakter Morfologi
Authors: Hamida Ruly , Parnidi Parnidi 
Published: September 2019

<p>Karakterisasi morfologi tanaman tebu (<em>Saccharum officinarum)</em> sangat diperlukan sebagai pendukung perakitan varietas unggul melalui identifikasi sumber plasma nutfah yang ada. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memanfaatkan peluang data morfologi deskriptif, untuk menduga jarak dan hubungan kekerabatan genetik antar aksesi. Analisis <em>clustering </em>dilakukan menggunakan program Minitab 15, berdasar metode <em>complete lingkage</em> atau berdasarkan jarak terbesar dari 105 aksesi tebu. Hasil analisis menghasilkan 8 komponen utama dengan proporsi keragaman 75,4%. Selanjutnya analisis <em>clustering</em> pada 105 aksesi plasma nutfah tebu terbagi menjadi 15 kelompok pada derajat kemiripan 60%. Karakter bentuk telinga daun berkontribusi paling besar terhadap keragaman total.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Genetic Relationship of Sugarcane Germplasm from Study on Morphological Characters</strong><br /><br />Morphological characterization of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) is required to support superior variety improvement by identification of germplasm resources. The purpose of this research was to know the diversity and genetic relationship of sugarcane germplasm from exploration in Java, based on morphological data as a contribution in the plant breeding process. The clustering analysis was done on Minitab 15 software by the complete linkage method or the greatest distance for 105 sugarcane accessions. The results showed there have 8 major components with the 75.4% of diversity proportion. While, clustering analysis for 105 sugarcane accession was divided into 15 groups with 60% degree of similarity. Shape of auricle had significant contribution to the total diversity of sugarcane. <br />Keywords: Saccharum officinarum, germplasm, morphology, genetic relationship</p>
Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Age at Sexual Debut among Men Who Sex with Men in Shenzhen, China
Authors: Fu Hanlin , Yang Tubao , Kaminga Atipatsa C. , Wang Tingting , Feng Tiejian 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background

Early sexual debut (ESD) is considered an important public health issue. Previous studies have indicated age at sexual debut is affected by multiple factors, including adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). However, studies specifically exploring the relationship between ACEs and age at sexual debut among men who have sex with men (MSM) are lacking. This study aims to explore the relationship between ACEs and age at sexual debut among MSM in China.

Methods

From March 2013 to August 2015, MSM who came to the Sexually Transmitted Diseases Clinic of Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control were recruited in our study. Using an anonymous questionnaire, we collected information about their social-demographics, age at sexual debut and ACEs. Logistic regression and linear regression were performed to acquire the estimates for the relationships between ACEs and early sexual debut (ESD).

Results

A total of 546 MSM were recruited. The median age at MSM sexual debut was 20.0 years, and 40.5% of the MSM were exposed to at least one ACEs. Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that MSM with a history of ACEs was approximately twice (aOR=2.15; 95%CI:1.32-3.48) as likely to report a history of ESD and tended to experience sexual debut approximately one year (β:-1.10; 95%CI: -1.70,-0.50) earlier than those without.

Conclusions

ACEs are associated with ESD, suggesting that sexual health education and public health programs aimed at delaying early sexual debut among young Chinese MSM should consider addressing ACEs.
Study of hemolytic activity and subfactors of complement in smokers intoxication
Authors: Allaf Rojan Ghanim Al 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Heavy Smokers appeared to be less resistant to infection, such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Many studies have examined the complement components concentrations than compared with normal people and ignored the functional sequencing of complement components, our study included the determination of complement activity by using Sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) as antigen and extracting the hemolytic activity (50%) of complement compounds, and because of difficulty of this method we using statistical analysis program (SPSS 23) and derived the inverse equation which gives the decomposition percentage (1-100%) of complement components by using five serum dilutions only.

The total hemolytic complement activity (CH50) and its C3 and C4 fractions were determined in 30 heavy smokers. The results were compared with a control group that contained 30 persons matched in age and sex. Generally, both C3 and C4 concentrations were increased in smoker's individual in compared with the control group. However, when the independent t-test has applied the differences in the C3 and C4 levels in the control group (healthy individuals) and in the smoker group were found to be statistically insignificant but the inverse equation showed a 7% reduction in CH50 in smokers compared with the control group, where 18% reduction was observed. Our current study suggests that the complement components of the heavy smokers suffer from a significant dysfunction in the function, although the concentration of the basic components in the serum is parallel with normal values.
Social support and its influencing factors among parents who lost their only child in central China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Rong Chao , Sun Yan-Chun , Zhou Chi , Ma Yan , Wang Xiao-Lan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: A large number of special vulnerable group called "the parents who lost their only child" has emerged in China. Due to the normal family structure broke, the social support system of these parents suffered major trauma. It is necessary to understand their social support status and existing problems and explore improved strategies. Methods: We used the Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS), adopted the cluster sampling method to select the participants. The generalized linear regression models were performed to analyze factors influencing all dimensions’ scores of the scale. Results: The parents who lost their only child with different monthly income (P=0.036) and the grandchildren status (P=0.017) had different objective support scores. The parents with one or less chronic diseases were more likely to use support than others. Monthly income(P=0.035) and self-rated health status(P=0.013) were significantly associated with the scores of the utilization of support among the parents. Conclusion: Don’t bother easily the high-income groups, and to provide an acceptable form of support. More financial support should be given to parents raising the grandchildren. Pay more attention to the mental state of parents who do not have the grandchildren. The family doctor team should treat these parents as key contracted service objects, and provide timely, efficient and comprehensive services.
Infrequent consumption of Laban is associated with anemia in adults aged &gt;50 years in Saudi Arabia
Authors: AlQuaiz AlJohara M , Kazi Ambreen , Khoja Tawfik AM , AlSharif Abdullah , Mane Hamad Al , Aldiris Abdullah , Shaik Shaffi Ahamed 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Introduction: Limited information is available on the prevalence of anemia in adults and elderly. Contradictory results are available regarding the association between drinking Laban and anemia in children and adults. No study has explored this association in the adults/elderly population. The aim of this study was to measure the prevalence and association between anemia and food items among adults aged >50 years in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Material & Methods: 266 Saudi adults aged >50 years were invited to participate in a cross-sectional study in Riyadh. Anthropometric measurements were taken and blood samples were collected. Blood hemoglobin was measured with a Coulter Cellular Analysis System using the light scattering method. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the food items significantly associated with anemia.
Results: The mean (±SD) hemoglobin was 13.8 (±1.6) mg/dL. Anemia was prevalent among 19.9% (n = 53) of the participants. Infrequent intake of red meat [adjusted Odds Ratio [ORa] 3.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2, 9.7] and Laban (fermented yogurt drink) [ORa 2.7, 95% CI 1.1, 6.7] were significantly associated with anemia, whereas obesity (BMI >30) was protective [aOR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2, 0.9] from anemia.
Conclusion: Anemia is prevalent among Saudi males and females aged >50 years. The association between drinking Laban and anemia support the emerging evidence on the role of probiotics in preventing anemia among adults and elderly. It is recommended that people aged >50 years should get regularly screened for anemia.