bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Research on Prevention and Treatment of Respiratory Tract Complications With Acupoint Application After Operation Under General Anesthesia
Authors: Lu Xiang-Hong , Zhang Xin-Mei , Liu Si-Lan , Jiang Fang-Qin , Ding Ren-Xian , Bin Xi , Jie Yang , Gou Xiao-Jun 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
There are various respiratory tract complications in patients undergoing general anesthesia, with postoperative sore throat (POST) being the most commonly seen. Although measures have been taken to prevent and treat POST in clinical practice, the control of POST is still not satisfactory. In this study, 880 ASA patients with grade I to II general anesthesia were randomly assigned into control group and experimental group. After patients entered into the operating room, the plasters were applied to the designated points (Tianzhu, Lianquan, Dazhui, etc), and the clinical efficacy of acupoint application in prevention and treatment of respiratory tract complications after general anesthesia was observed. The results showed that patients starting using acupoint application before operation could significantly reduce the incidence of postoperative respiratory tract complications, and the effects lasted for up to 24 hours. In this study, acupoint application was used, providing a simple, safe, efficient, and durable approach to prevent and treat respiratory tract complications after operation under general anesthesia.
Multiple Variations at the Base of an Adult Skull: Implications in Radiology and Skull Base Surgery
Authors: Nayak Satheesha B. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Knowledge of variations at the base of the skull may be important for academic, anthropological, forensic, and clinical purposes, especially in computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging and while performing safe radical surgery. This report presents multiple variations at the base of an adult Indian skull. The variations noted include the presence of foramen of Civinini bilaterally, absence of carotid canal on the left side, reduced size of foramen lacerum on the left side, presence of petro-occipital foramen bilaterally, asymmetry between the jugular fossae, and asymmetrical occipital condyles. The rare, multiple variations reported here might be useful for neurosurgeons, orthopedic surgeons, and radiologists.
IgG is differentially and selectively transferred across the placenta in HIV-infected women
Authors: Martinez David R. , Fong Youyi , Li Shuk Hang , Yang Fang , Jennewein Madeleine , Weiner Joshua A. , Harrell Erin A. , Mangold Jesse F. , Goswami Ria , Seage George , Alter Galit , Ackerman Margaret E. , Peng Xinxia , Fouda Genevieve G. , Permar Sallie R. 
Published: December 2018

SUMMARYThe transplacental transfer of maternal IgG to the developing fetus is critical for infant protection against infectious pathogens in the first year of life. However, factors that modulate the transplacental transfer efficiency of maternal IgG that could be harnessed for maternal vaccine design remain largely undefined. HIV-infected women have impaired placental IgG transfer, yet the mechanism underlying this impaired transfer is unknown, presenting an opportunity to explore factors that contribute to the efficiency of placental IgG transfer. We measured the transplacental transfer efficiency of maternal HIV and other pathogen-specific IgG in historical U.S. (n=120) and Malawian (n=47) cohorts of HIV-infected mothers and their HIV- exposed uninfected and HIV-infected infants. We then examined the role of maternal HIV disease progression, infant factors, placental Fc receptor expression, and IgG Fc region subclass and glycan signatures and their association with transplacental transfer efficiency of maternal antigen-specific IgG. We established 3 distinct phenotypes of placental IgG transfer efficiency in HIV-infected women, including: 1) efficient transfer of the majority of antigen-specific IgG populations; 2) generally poor IgG transfer phenotype that was strongly associated with maternal CD4+ T cell counts, hypergammaglobulinemia, and frequently yielded non-protective levels of vaccine-specific IgG; and 3) variable transfer of IgG across distinct antigen specificities. Interestingly, maternal IgG characteristics, such as binding to placentally expressed Fc receptors FcγRIIa and FcγRIIIa, IgG subclass frequency, and Fc region glycan profiles were associated with placental IgG transfer efficiency. These maternal IgG transplacental transfer determinants were distinct among different antigen-specific IgG populations. Our findings suggest that in HIV-infected women, both maternal disease progression and Fc region characteristics modulate the selective placental transfer of distinct IgG subpopulations, with implications for both the health of HIV-exposed uninfected infants and maternal vaccine design.HighlightsLow peripheral blood CD4 + T cell count and hypergammaglobulinemia are associated with inefficient transplacental IgG transfer in HIV-infected womenAntigen-specific IgG binding strength to placentally-expressed Fc receptors, but not placental Fc receptor expression levels, mediates selective placental IgG transferAntigen-specific IgG Fc region glycan profiles also contribute to the selective placental IgG transfer of maternal IgG populations in HIV-infected women
Sparking “The BBC Four Pandemic”: Leveraging citizen science and mobile phones to model the spread of disease
Authors: Kissler Stephen M. , Klepac Petra , Tang Maria , Conlan Andrew J.K. , Gog Julia R. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe nexus of mobile technology, mass media, and public engagement is opening new opportunities for research into the human behaviours relevant to the spread of disease. On 22 March 2018, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) released the documentary “Contagion! The BBC Four Pandemic” to describe the science behind pandemic preparedness in the UK. The authors of this article were responsible for producing a mathematical simulation for that documentary of how a highly contagious respiratory pathogen might spread across the UK. According to the documentary narrative, the ‘outbreak’ begins in the town of Haslemere, England. To ground the simulation in true human interaction patterns, a three-day citizen science experiment was conducted during which the pairwise distances between 469 volunteers in Haslemere were tracked continuously using a mobile phone app. Here, we offer a scientific companion to the documentary in which we describe the methods behind our simulation and release the pairwise interpersonal distance dataset. We discuss salient features of the dataset, including daily patterns in the clustering and volatility of interpersonal interactions. Our epidemiological analysis of the simulated Haslemere outbreak serves as a springboard to discuss scientific opportunities opened by the Haslemere dataset and others like it. We believe that the Haslemere dataset will productively challenge current strategies for incorporating population structure into disease transmission models, and hope that it will inspire the collection and analysis of other similar datasets in the future.
The impact of isoniazid preventive therapy on tuberculosis among household contacts of isoniazid-resistant patients
Authors: Huang Chuan-Chin , Becerra Mercedes C. , Calderon Roger , Contreras Carmen , Galea Jerome , Grandjean Louis , Lecca Leonid , Yataco Rosa , Zhang Zibiao , Murray Megan 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe World Health Organization recommends the use of isoniazid (INH) alone or combination INH and rifapentine therapy to treat latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in groups at high risk of tuberculosis (TB) progression. The recent rise of INH– and multi–drug resistant (MDR) TB has complicated the choice of LTBI treatment regimen. We examine the risk of TB disease among household contacts (HHCs) who received INH after being exposed to patients with drug–sensitive, INH–resistant, or MDR tuberculosis.MethodsIn this prospective cohort study conducted Between September 2009 and August 2012 in Lima, Peru, we identified 4,500 index TB patients and measured incident TB disease in their 14,044 HHCs over a one–year follow–up period. HHCs under 19 years of age were offered INH preventive therapy (IPT). We used a Cox frailty proportional hazards model to evaluate whether the effect of IPT on incident TB disease varied by the resistance profile of the index case. We repeated the analyses in a second independent dataset.FindingsAmong 4,216 HHCs under 19 years of age, 2,106 (50%) initiated IPT at enrolment. The protective effect of INH was more extreme in HHCs exposed to drug–sensitive (Hazard Ratio [95% confidence interval]=0·2[0·20–0·50]) and to MDR–TB (0·26[0·08–0·77]) compared to those exposed to mono–INH–resistant (0·80[0·23 to 2·79]). Among those who received at least three months of INH, effectiveness increased across all three groups (INH–sensitive:0·20 [0·10 to 040]; MDR:0·16 [0 02–127]; mono–INH–resistant:0·72 [0·16–3·16]). In the second independent study, TB occurred in none of the 76 HHCs who received IPT compared to 3% (8/273) of those who did not.InterpretationWe found that IPT use is associated with reduced incidence of TB disease among contacts of MDR–TB patients. This finding suggests that INH may have role in the management of MDR–LTBI.FundingNational Institutes of Health and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases CETR (U19AI109755) and TBRU (U19AI111224)
Loss of Adenomatous polyposis coli function renders intestinal epithelial cells resistant to the cytokine IL-22
Authors: Chen Yu , Newton Ian P. , Vandereyken Maud , Moraga Ignacio , Näthke Inke , Swamy Mahima 
Published: December 2018

AbstractInterleukin-22 (IL-22) is critical in maintaining homeostasis in the intestine by regulating the balance between pathogenic and commensal bacteria. IL-22 also promotes wound healing and tissue regeneration, which can support the growth of colorectal tumours. Mutations in the tumour suppressor Adenomatous Polyposis Coli gene (Apc) cause intestinal tumorigenesis and are a major driver of familial colorectal cancers. To understand the role of IL-22 in APC-mediated tumorigenesis, we analysed IL-22 signalling in wild-type (WT) and APC-mutant cells in murine small intestinal epithelial organoids and in mice. In WT epithelia, antimicrobial defence, mucus production, and cellular stress response pathways were most strongly upregulated by IL-22. Surprisingly, we found that although IL-22 activated STAT3 in APC-mutant cells, STAT3 target genes were not effectively induced. Our analyses revealed that ApcMin/Min cells were resistant to IL-22 due to reduced expression of the IL-22 receptor, and increased expression of inhibitors of STAT3, including histone deacetylases. We further show that IL-22 induced expression of nitric oxide synthase in WT epithelial cells and corresponding DNA damage. These findings suggest that IL-22 does not promotes tumour formation by driving the proliferation of transformed intestinal epithelial cells. Rather, IL-22 increases genetic instability thereby accelerating transition from heterozygosity (ApcMin/+) to homozygosity (ApcMin/Min) to drive tumour progression.
Genetic Effects of Welding Fumes on the progression of Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Rana Humayan Kabir , Akhtar Mst. Rashida , Ahmed Md Bashir , Lio’ Pietro , Quinn Julian , Huq Fazlul , Moni Mohammad Ali 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundWelding exposes different types of fumes, gases and radiant energy that can be potentially dangerous for unsafe welder’s health. Welding fumes (WFs) are a significant problem among all those exposed. WFs are a complex mixture of metallic oxides, silicates and fluorides that may result in different health effects. If a welder inhales such fumes in large quantities over a long period of time, there is a risk of various neurodegenerative diseases (NDGDs) development.MethodsWe developed quantitative frameworks to identify the genetic relationship of WFs and NDGDs. We analyzed Gene Expression microarray data from WFs exposed tissues and NDGDs including Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Lou Gehrig’s disease (LGD), Epilepsy disease (ED), Multiple Sclerosis disease (MSD) datasets. We constructed disease-gene relationship networks and identified dysregulated pathways, ontological path- ways and protein-protein interaction sub-network using multilayer network topology and neighborhood-based benchmarking.ResultsWe observed that WFs shares 18, 16, 13, 19 and 19 differentially expressed genes with PD, AD, LGD, ED and MSD respectively. Gene expression dysregulation along with relationship networks, pathways and ontologic analysis showed that WFs are responsible for the progression of PD, AD, LGD, ED and MSD neurodegenerative diseases.ConclusionOur developed network-based approach to analysis and investigate the genetic effects of welding fumes on PD, AD, LGD, ED and MSD neurodegenerative diseases could be helpful to understand the causal influences of WF exposure for the progression of the NDGDs.
Genetic Effects of Welding Fumes on the Development of Respiratory System Diseases
Authors: Rana Humayan Kabir , Akhtar Mst. Rashida , Islam M. Babul , Ahmed Mohammad Boshir , Lio’ Pietro , Quinn Julian M.W. , Huq Fazlul , Moni Mohammad Ali 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe welding process releases potentially hazardous gases and fumes, mainly composed of metallic oxides, fluorides and silicates. Long term welding fume (WF) inhalation is a recognized health issue that carries a risk of developing chronic health problems, particularly respiratory system diseases (RSDs). Aside from general airway irritation, WF exposure may drive direct cellular responses in the respiratory system which increase risk of RSD, but these are not well understood.MethodsWe developed a quantitative framework to identify gene expression effects of WF exposure that may affect RSD development. We analyzed gene expression microarray data from WF-exposed tissues and RSD-affected tissues, including chronic bronchitis (CB), asthma (AS), pulmonary edema (PE), lung cancer (LC) datasets. We built disease-gene (diseasome) association networks and identified dysregulated signaling and ontological pathways, and protein-protein interaction sub-network using neighborhood-based benchmarking and multilayer network topology.ResultsWe observed many genes with altered expression in WF-exposed tissues were also among differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in RSD tissues; for CB, AS, PE and LC there were 34, 27, 50 and 26 genes respectively. DEG analysis, using disease association networks, pathways, ontological analysis and protein-protein interaction sub-network suggest significant links between WF exposure and the development of CB, AS, PE and LC.ConclusionsOur network-based analysis and investigation of the genetic links of WFs and RSDs confirm a number of genes and gene products are plausible participants in RSD development. Our results are a significant resource to identify causal influences on the development of RSDs, particularly in the context of WF exposure.
Development and validation of serological markers for detecting recent exposure toPlasmodium vivaxinfection
Authors: Longley Rhea J. , White Michael T. , Takashima Eizo , Brewster Jessica , Morita Masayuki , Harbers Matthias , Robinson Leanne J. , Matsuura Fumie , Zoe Liu Shih-Jung , Li-Wai-Suen Connie S. N. , Tham Wai-Hong , Healer Julie , Huon Christele , Chitnis Chetan E. , Nguitragool Wang , Monteiro Wuelton , Proietti Carla , Doolan Denise L. , Ding Xavier C. , Gonzalez Iveth J. , Kazura James , Lacerda Marcus , Sattabongkot Jetsumon , Tsuboi Takafumi , Mueller Ivo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn order to accelerate towards malaria elimination, improved targeting of limited resources is essential. A major gap in our elimination toolkit forPlasmodium vivaxmalaria is the identification of individuals carrying arrested liver stages, called hypnozoites. These clinically silent but frequently relapsing hypnozoites are key toP. vivaxpersistence. Whilst hypnozoites cannot be directly detected, individuals who have had recent exposure toP. vivaxand have not been treated are likely to harbor these parasites. By measuring IgG antibody responses to over 300P. vivaxproteins, a panel of serological markers capable of detecting exposure toP. vivaxinfections in the prior 9-month period was identified and validated. Using antibody responses to 8P. vivaxproteins, 80% sensitivity and specificity for detecting recent infections were achieved in three independent studies conducted in Thailand, Brazil and the Solomon Islands. As these individuals have a high likelihood of harboring hypnozoites, the suite of these 8 antibody responses can serve as biomarkers for the identification of individuals who should be targeted for treatment with liver-stage drugs such as primaquine and tafenoquine in mass drug administration programs aimed at controlling and eliminatingP. vivaxmalaria.One Sentence SummaryThe manuscript describes identification and validation of a novel panel of P. vivax proteins that can be used to detect recent exposure to P. vivax infections within the prior 9 months.
Percolation in the resting zebrafish habenula
Authors: Suryadi  , Cheng Ruey-Kuang , Jesuthasan Suresh , Chew Lock Yue 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe habenula is an evolutionarily conserved structure of the vertebrate brain that is essential for behavioural flexibility and mood control. It is spontaneously active and is able to access diverse states when the animal is exposed to sensory stimuli or reward. Here we analyze two-photon calcium imaging time-series of the habenula of larval zebrafish and find that percolation occurs, indicating the presence of long-range spatial correlations within each side of the habenula, with percolation occurring independently in each side. On the other hand, the analysis of neuronal avalanches suggests that the system is subcritical, implying that the flexibility in its dynamics may result from other dynamical processes.
Mining Significant Features of Diabetes Mellitus Applying Decision Trees: A Case Study In Bangladesh
Authors: Howlader Koushik Chandra , Satu Md. Shahriare , Barua Avijit , Moni Mohammad Ali 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDiabetes is a chronic condition which is associated with an abnormally high level of sugar in the blood. It is a lifelong disease that causes harmful effects in human life. The goal of this research is to predict the severity of diabetes and find out significant features of it. In this work, we gathered diabetes patients records from Noakhali Diabetes Association, Noakhali, Bangladesh. Thus, We preprocessed our raw dataset by replacing and removing missing and wrong records respectively. Thus, CDT, J48, NBTree and REPtree decision tree based classification techniques were used to analyze this dataset. After this analysis, we evaluated classification outcomes of these decision tree classifiers and found the best decision tree model from them. In this work, CDT unpruned tree shows highest accuracy, precision, recall, f-measure, second highest AUROC and lowest RMSE than other models. Then, we extracted possible rules and significant features from this model and plasma glucose, plasma glucose 2hr after glucose and HDL-cholesterol have been found as the most significant features to predict the severity of Diabetes Mellitus. We hope this work will be beneficial to build a predictive system and complementary tool for diabetes treatment in future.
Evaluation of the performance of copy number variant prediction tools for the detection of deletions from whole genome sequencing data
Authors: Whitford Whitney , Lehnert Klaus , Snell Russell G. , Jacobsen Jessie C. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundWhole genome sequencing (WGS) has increased in popularity and decreased in cost over the past decade, rendering this approach as a viable and sensitive method for variant detection. In addition to its utility for single nucleotide variant detection, WGS data has the potential to detect Copy Number Variants (CNV) to fine resolution. Many CNV detection software packages have been developed exploiting four main types of data: read pair, split read, read depth, and assembly based methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of each of these main approaches in detecting deletions.MethodsWGS data and high confidence deletion calls for the individual NA12878 from the Genome in a Bottle consortium were the benchmark dataset. The performance of Breakdancer, CNVnator, Delly, FermiKit, and Pindel was assessed by comparing the accuracy and sensitivity of each software package in detecting deletions exceeding 1kb.ResultsThere was considerable variability in the outputs of the different WGS CNV detection programs. The best performance was seen from Breakdancer and Delly, with 92.6% and 96.7% sensitivity, respectively and 34.5% and 68.5% false discovery rate (FDR), respectively. In comparison, Pindel, CNVnator, and FermiKit were less effective with sensitivities of 69.1%, 66.0%, and 15.8%, respectively and FDR of 91.3%, 69.0%, and 31.7%, respectively. Concordance across software packages was poor, with only 27 of the total 612 benchmark deletions identified by all five methodologies.ConclusionsThe WGS based CNV detection tools evaluated show disparate performance in identifying deletions ≥1kb, particularly those utilising different input data characteristics. Software that exploits read pair based data had the highest sensitivity, namely Breakdancer and Delly. Breakdancer also had the second lowest false discovery rate. Therefore, in this analysis read pair methods (Breakdancer in particular) were the best performing approaches for the identification of deletions ≥1kb, balancing accuracy and sensitivity. There is potential for improvement in the detection algorithms, particularly for reducing FDR. This analysis has validated the utility of WGS based CNV detection software to reliably identify deletions, and these findings will be of use when choosing appropriate software for deletion detection, in both research and diagnostic medicine.
Effectiveness of live attenuated monovalent human rotavirus vaccination in rural Ecuador, 2008-2013
Authors: Kraay Alicia N. M. , Ionides Edward L. , Lee Gwenyth O. , Cevallos Trujillo William F. , Eisenberg Joseph N.S. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundWhile live attenuated monovalent human rotavirus vaccine (Rotarix) efficacy has been characterized through randomized studies, its effectiveness, especially in non-clinical settings, is unclear. In this study, we estimate direct, indirect, and overall effectiveness of Rotarix vaccination.MethodsWe analyze 29 months of all-cause diarrhea surveillance from a child cohort (n=376) and ten years of serial population-based case-control lab-confirmed rotavirus data (n=2489) from rural Ecuador during which Rotarix vaccination was introduced. We estimate: 1) the direct effect of vaccination from a cohort of children born from 2008-2013 using Cox regression to compare time to first all-cause diarrhea case by vaccine status; and 2) the overall effect on all-cause diarrheal and symptomatic and asymptomatic rotavirus infection for all age groups, including indirect effects on adults, from the case-control data using weighted logistic regression.ResultsRotarix vaccination provided direct protection against all-cause diarrhea among children 0.5 - 2 years (All-cause diarrhea reduction for receipt of 2 doses of Rotarix=57.1%, 95% CI: 16.6, 77.9%). Overall effectiveness against rotavirus infection was strong (Exposure to 100% coverage of Rotarix vaccination was associated with an 85.5% reduction, 95% CI: 61.1-94.6%) compared to 0% coverage. Indirect effects were observed among older, vaccine-ineligible children and adults (84.5% reduction, 95% CI: 48.2-95.4%). Vaccine effectiveness was high against both symptomatic (48.3% reduction,95% CI: 0.03-73.1%) and asymptomatic infection (90.1% reduction, 95% CI: 56.9-97.7%).ConclusionsRotarix vaccination suppresses overall transmission. It is highly effective among children in a rural community setting and provides population-level benefits through indirect protection among adults.