bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A unified approach of testing coverage‐based software reliability growth modelling with fault detection probability, imperfect debugging, and change point
Authors: Chatterjee Subhashis , Shukla Ankur 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis paper presents a unified approach to model the reliability growth of software with imperfect debugging and coverage factor. Existing testing coverage‐based software reliability growth models considered that faults present at a particular fault location are detected with certainty during the testing process. Practically, it is very difficult to detect all software faults. To overcome this limitation, a revised software reliability growth model has been developed with the assumption that detection of the faults at a particular fault location is not definite. Furthermore, a new method to model the imperfect debugging phenomenon has been incorporated in the proposed study. A revised model ranking method has been developed to improve the accuracy of model ranking, which is mainly extension of existing normalized criteria distance method. Change point analysis has been done with the effect of different environmental factors on the models' parameters. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.
Research on the response of concrete cavity shear wall under lateral load
Authors: Xu Gang , Li Aiqun 
Published: December 2018

SummaryThe experimental tests were conducted on the common concrete shear wall and the concrete cavity shear walls. Results indicate that the stiffness and ultimate capacity of the cavity shear walls are reduced and the ductility is improved; reasonable matching can be achieved among the stiffness, ultimate capacity, and ductility by changing the parameters of cavity. Subsequently, theoretical calculation models of shear wall with single cavity and multicavities are proposed; the calculating formula of the lateral displacement curve and the equivalent lateral stiffness of cavity shear wall is deduced under different lateral loads. The lateral response of both the through cavity shear wall and non‐through cavity shear wall can be calculated by using the continuous link method. Finally, the verification results of models with different parameters show that the theoretical calculation formula has enough accuracy, which can meet the needs of engineering estimation.
Communicating, Narrating, and Focalizing Minds
Authors: Elleström Lars 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis chapter affords a broad conceptualization of communicating minds, which is essential for framing transmedial narration. It also suggests a methodical way of analyzing narrators and narratees that are external and internal to narratives. Distinctions are made between actual narrators/narratees and overarching and embedded virtual (represented) narrators/narratees in order to be able to discern both transmedial and media-specific narrative features. Whereas all narratives by definition require actual narrators and narratees, it is sometimes helpful to construe overarching virtual narrators or narratees that are internal to narratives and help in making sense of them. Narratives can also hold embedded virtual narrators and narratees creating stories within stories. Narrators additionally act as focalizers, delimiting the scope of narration in various ways.
Temporal Interrelations
Authors: Elleström Lars 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis chapter investigates temporal interrelations of represented events with an emphasis on dissimilarities among temporal interrelations. Two distinctions that are vital for grasping media differences are highlighted: possible temporal differences between (static or temporal) representing media products and (temporal) narratives, and potential temporal differences within narratives, more precisely between overall narratives and core stories. Particular attention is given to the convention of sequential decoding, which is important for inducing temporality in some forms of static media products. These explorations make it possible to understand both the transmedial possibilities and the media-specific restraints for narration.
Nitrate boosts anaerobic ethanol production in an acetate-dependent manner in the yeast Dekkera bruxellensis
Authors: Peña-Moreno Irina Charlot , Castro Parente Denise , da Silva Jackeline Maria , Andrade Mendonça Allyson , Rojas Lino Angel Valcarcel , de Morais Junior Marcos Antonio , de Barros Pita Will 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In the past few years, the yeast Dekkera bruxellensis has gained much of attention among the so-called non-conventional yeasts for its potential in the biotechnological scenario, especially in fermentative processes. This yeast has been regarded as an important competitor to Saccharomyces cerevisiae in bioethanol production plants in Brazil and several studies have reported its capacity to produce ethanol. However, our current knowledge concerning D. bruxellensis is restricted to its aerobic metabolism, most likely because wine and beer strains cannot grow in full anaerobiosis. Hence, the present work aimed to fulfil a gap regarding the lack of information on the physiology of Dekkera bruxellensis growing in the complete absence of oxygen and the relationship with assimilation of nitrate as nitrogen source. The ethanol strain GDB 248 was fully capable of growing anaerobically and produces ethanol at the same level of S. cerevisiae. The presence of nitrate in the medium increased this capacity. Moreover, nitrate is consumed faster than ammonium and this increased rate coincided with a higher speed of glucose consumption. The profile of gene expression helped us to figure out that even in anaerobiosis, the presence of nitrate drives the yeast cells to an oxidative metabolism that ultimately incremented both biomass and ethanol production. These results finally provide the clues to explain most of the success of this yeast in industrial processes of ethanol production.
Neuropathologic, genetic, and longitudinal cognitive profiles in primary age‐related tauopathy (PART) and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Bell W. Robert , An Yang , Kageyama Yusuke , English Collin , Rudow Gay L. , Pletnikova Olga , Thambisetty Madhav , O'Brien Richard , Moghekar Abhay R. , Albert Marilyn S. , Rabins Peter V. , Resnick Susan M. , Troncoso Juan C. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIntroductionPrimary age‐related tauopathy (PART) is a recently described entity that can cause cognitive impairment in the absence of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we compared neuropathological features, tau haplotypes, apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotypes, and cognitive profiles in age‐matched subjects with PART and AD pathology.MethodsBrain autopsies (n = 183) were conducted on participants 85 years and older from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging and Johns Hopkins Alzheimer's Disease Research Center. Participants, normal at enrollment, were followed with periodic cognitive evaluations until death.ResultsCompared with AD, PART subjects showed significantly slower rates of decline on measures of memory, language, and visuospatial performance. They also showed lower APOE ε4 allele frequency (4.1% vs. 17.6%, P = .0046).DiscussionOur observations suggest that PART is separate from AD and its distinction will be important for the clinical management of patients with cognitive impairment and for public health care planning.
On the relationship between non-optimum operations and fuel requirement for large civil transport aircraft, with reference to environmental impact and contrail avoidance strategy
Authors: Poll D. I. A. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTThe general problem of determining cruise fuel burn is addressed by considering the variation of the product of engine overall efficiency and airframe lift-to-drag ratio, (ηoL/D), with Mach number and lift coefficient. This quantity is the aerothermodynamic determinant of fuel burn rate. Using a small amount of real aircraft data and exploiting normalisation, it is found that near universal relationships exist between the key variables. With this major simplification, an analytic, near exact solution is derived in which the aircraft-related input data are reduced to just three parameters, namely the optimum value of (ηoL/D) and the lift coefficient and Mach number combination at which it occurs. These are quantities that are either available from open information sources or can be estimated using established analytic methods. By introducing models of the take-off and climb and the descent and landing phases, the method is extended to provide accurate trip fuel estimates.It is shown that there is an ideal flight level (IFL) at which the fuel consumption rate is a minimum for all speeds in the normal cruise operating range. Furthermore, the IFL at the end of cruise is approximately the same for all aircraft, whilst the IFL at the beginning of cruise depends, primarily, on the distance to be flown. There is little dependence on the size of the aircraft, or its take-off mass.In the context of the ‘fuel-based’ assessment of operational inefficiency, the method is further developed to determine the sensitivity of the trip fuel requirement to changes in the operational parameters governed by air traffic management (ATM). The result is two simple equations. These are used to estimate the current ATM fuel burden. At the global level, this is about 20% with more than half being attributable to flights of less than 1,200 km.Finally, the method is used to estimate the fuel burn penalty associated with reducing contrail formation by simply avoiding those regions of the atmosphere that are supersaturated with respect to ice. If the aircraft is at the IFL when avoiding action is required, flying below the supersaturated region minimises the additional fuel use. Even when multiple evasive manoeuvres are needed, the additional trip fuel requirement is expected to be less than 0.5%.
Zero-dimensional isomorphic dynamical models
Authors: DOWNAROWICZ TOMASZ , JIN LEI , LUSKY WOLFGANG , QIAO YIXIAO 
Published: December 2018

By an assignment we mean a mapping from a Choquet simplex $K$ to probability measure-preserving systems obeying some natural restrictions. We prove that if $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F7}$ is an aperiodic assignment on a Choquet simplex $K$ such that the set of extreme points $\mathsf{ex}K$ is a countable union $\bigcup _{n}E_{n}$, where each set $E_{n}$ is compact, zero-dimensional and the restriction of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F7}$ to the Bauer simplex $K_{n}$ spanned by $E_{n}$ can be ‘embedded’ in some topological dynamical system, then $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F7}$ can be ‘realized’ in a zero-dimensional system.
Variability of surgical prophylaxis in penicillin-allergic children
Authors: Butler David F. , Lee Brian R. , Suppes Sarah , Sandritter Tracy , Newland Jason G. , Harte Lory , Goldman Jennifer L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe retrospectively evaluated the effect of penicillin adverse drug reaction (ADR) labeling on surgical antibiotic prophylaxis. Cefazolin was administered in 86% of penicillin ADR-negative (−) and 28% penicillin ADR-positive (+) cases. Broad-spectrum antibiotic use was more common in ADR(+) cases and was more commonly associated with perioperative adverse drug events.
The concept of business judgment
Authors: Keay Andrew , Loughrey Joan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCategorising something as a business judgment can provide directors with a powerful shield from accountability. It has been said that the courts in England and Wales defer to directors’ business judgments and directors’ decisions are protected from review in other jurisdictions by a business judgment rule. Yet what a business judgment is has never been addressed, and so precisely what is being protected, and why, is unclear. This paper analyses case law in England and Wales and key Australian and US cases to answer this question. It argues that the courts use the term judgment in two senses: an ability, and a decision sense, and that business judgment in both senses can be linked to Knight's concept of entrepreneurial judgment, and directors’ wealth creation function. Conversely, decisions that are linked to directors’ corporate governance function and are less easy to categorise as entrepreneurial are less likely to be viewed as business judgments.
ON PARTITIONS OF NONNEGATIVE INTEGERS AND REPRESENTATION FUNCTIONS
Authors: YAN XIAO-HUI 
Published: December 2018

Let
$\mathbb{N}$
be the set of all nonnegative integers. For any set
$A\subset \mathbb{N}$
, let
$R(A,n)$
denote the number of representations of
$n$
as
$n=a+a^{\prime }$
with
$a,a^{\prime }\in A$
. There is no partition
$\mathbb{N}=A\cup B$
such that
$R(A,n)=R(B,n)$
for all sufficiently large integers
$n$
. We prove that a partition
$\mathbb{N}=A\cup B$
satisfies
$|R(A,n)-R(B,n)|\leq 1$
for all nonnegative integers
$n$
if and only if, for each nonnegative integer
$m$
, exactly one of
$2m+1$
and
$2m$
is in
$A$
.
Inadvertent and minimal gluten intake has a negligible role in the onset of symptoms in patients with coeliac disease on a gluten-free diet
Authors: Schiepatti Annalisa , Bellani Valentina , Perlato Margherita , Maimaris Stiliano , Klersy Catherine , Biagi Federico 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAlthough the quantity of gluten that a well-instructed coeliac patient can involuntarily ingest is <10 mg of gluten/d which cannot induce significant villous damage, coeliac patients often attribute the origin of symptoms to the involuntary ingestion of trace quantities of gluten, either certain or hypothetical. Our aim was to evaluate whether the occurrence of symptoms in coeliac patients who histologically responded to a strict gluten-free diet was related to the involuntary consumption of minimal quantities of gluten. A case–control study to assess the association between gluten exposure and the occurrence of symptoms was designed. Between January 2017 and May 2018, coeliac patients attending our outpatient clinic were interviewed to detect the presence of symptoms. Based on a specifically designed form, patients were also divided into different risk groups of gluten exposure. A total of ninety-five coeliac patients on a strict gluten-free diet and with known histological recovery were enroled. Of them, fifty-two of them reported symptoms and they were enroled as cases; the remaining forty-three patients denied symptoms and were enroled as controls. Although this was not statistically significant, gluten exposure was more frequent in controls (Fisher’s exact test, P=0·07). Our results show no relationship between exposure to minimal quantities of gluten and onset of symptoms in coeliac patients. Symptoms are more frequent in patients who have no risk of gluten exposure. It is possible that the presence of these symptoms leads the patients to avoid situations that may place them at risk of gluten exposure.
Breakfast replacement with a liquid formula improves glycaemic variability in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Peng Jiahui , Lu Jingyi , Ma Xiaojing , Ying Lingwen , Lu Wei , Zhu Wei , Bao Yuqian , Zhou Jian 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThere is emerging evidence that glycaemic variability (GV) plays an important role in the development of diabetic complications. The current study aimed to compare the effects of lifestyle intervention (LI) with and without partial meal replacement (MR) on GV. A total of 123 patients with newly diagnosed and untreated type 2 diabetes (T2D) were randomised to receive either LI together with breakfast replacement with a liquid formula (LI+MR) (n 62) or LI alone (n 61) for 4 weeks and completed the study. Each participant was instructed to have three main meals per d and underwent 72-h continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) both before and after intervention. Measures of GV assessed by CGM included the incremental AUC of postprandial blood glucose (AUCpp), standard deviation of blood glucose (SDBG), glucose CV and mean amplitude of glycaemic excursions (MAGE). After a 4-week intervention, the improvements in systolic blood pressure (P=0·046) and time in range (P=0·033) were more pronounced in the LI+MR group than in the LI group. Furthermore, LI+MR caused significantly greater improvements in all GV metrics including SDBG (P=0·005), CV (P=0·002), MAGE (P=0·016) and AUCpp (P<0·001) than did LI. LI+MR (v. LI) was independently associated with improvements in GV after adjustment of covariates (all P<0·05). Our study showed that LI+MR led to significantly greater improvements in GV compared with LI, suggesting that LI+MR could be an effective treatment to alleviate glucose excursions.
Increased take-off level in automatic milking systems – effects on milk flow, milk yield and milking efficiency at the quarter level
Authors: Ferneborg Sabine , Thulin Måns , Agenäs Sigrid , Svennersten-Sjaunja Kerstin , Krawczel Peter , Ternman Emma 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis research communication describes how different detachment levels (0.48, 0.3 and 0.06 kg milk/min) at the quarter-level affect milk flow profiles and overall milking efficiency in automatic milking systems. We hypothesized a higher detachment level would result in greater mean flow rates without affecting the volume of harvested milk per cow during 24 h compared to lower detachment levels. The data suggest milk flow decreased to a rate below the overmilking limit within the 6-s delay time required for termination in all treatments, but the duration of overmilking was shorter for the greatest detachment level compared to the other treatments. We conclude that setting a detachment level at a greater milk flow rate reduces the duration of overmilking without affecting the amount of milk harvested when applied to cows in mid-lactation during quarter-level milking. We also suggest that the steepness of the decline phase of the milk flow curve might have a larger effect than the actual detachment level on the duration of overmilking.
Morphological and molecular characterization of two new species of the genus Aporcelinus Andrássy, 2009 (Nematoda, Dorylaimida, Aporcelaimidae) from the USA, with new insights on the phylogeny of the genus
Authors: Álvarez-Ortega S. , Subbotin S.A. , Peña-Santiago R. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Two new species of the genus Aporcelinus from the USA are described and illustrated. Aporcelinus floridensis sp. n. is characterized by its 1.12–1.52 mm long body, lip region offset by marked constriction and 14.5–17.0 μm broad with perioral liplets, odontostyle 16.5–20.0 μm at its ventral side and 1.1–1.2 times the lip region diameter, neck 316–395 μm long, pharyngeal expansion occupying 43–48% of total neck length, uterus simple and 33–56 μm long or 0.8–1.2 times the corresponding body diameter, V = 48–54, female tail conical (36–49 μm long, c = 27–41, c’ = 1.2–2.0) with finely rounded terminus and no hyaline portion, and male absent. Aporcelinus paolae sp. n. is characterized by its 1.29–1.80 mm long body, lip region offset by marked constriction and 14–16 μm broad, odontostyle 15–17 μm at its ventral side and 1.0–1.1 times the lip region diameter, neck 314–397 μm long, pharyngeal expansion occupying 43–53% of total neck length, uterus tripartite and 128–164 μm long or 2.6–3.6 times the corresponding body diameter, V = 53–57, female tail conical (30–39 μm long, c = 40–51, c’ = 1.1–1.3) with finely rounded terminus and variably re-curved dorsad, male tail conical (27–36 μm, c = 39–59, c’ = 0.9–1.2), ventrally straight and dorsally convex, spicules 48–54 μm long, and 7–9 irregularly spaced ventromedian supplements lacking hiatus. The analyses of the D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA (LSU) gene sequences of the two new species confirmed the monophyly of the genus, based upon currently available data, showing a close relationship between the genera Aporcelinus and Makatinus, and justified the placement of Aporcelaimellus, Makatinus and Aporcelinus under the subfamily Aporcelaimellinae.
No sex differences in the origins of covariation between social and physical aggression
Authors: Slawinski Brooke L. , Klump Kelly L. , Alexandra Burt S. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundPrior work has indicated both theoretical and empirical overlap between social and physical aggression. The extent to which their covariance can be explained by the same underlying genetic or environmental factors, however, remains unclear. It is also uncertain whether or how the origins of their covariance might vary across sex. The current study sought to fill these gaps in the literature.MethodsWe examined maternal and teacher reports of youth physical and social aggression in over 1000 6–10 years old (mean age = 8.02 years) twin pairs from the Michigan State University Twin Registry. We made use of the bivariate correlated factors model to clarify the origins of their association. We further tested both sex difference and no-sex difference versions of that model to determine whether there are sex differences in the association between social and physical aggression, as often assumed.ResultsThe covariation between social and physical aggression was due to overlapping genetic factors and common environmental conditions. Specifically, 50–57% of the genetic factors, 74–100% of the shared environmental factors, and 28–40% of the unique environmental factors influencing physical aggression also influenced social aggression according to both mother and teacher reports. These shared etiological factors did not differ across sex.ConclusionsThese findings argue against the common assumption that social aggression is the ‘female version’ of male physical aggression, and instead suggest that social aggression may be best conceptualized as a form of antisocial behavior that shares developmental pathways with other manifestations of externalizing pathology.
Effect of fire regime on the grass community of the humid savanna of Lamto, Ivory Coast
Authors: Koffi Kouamé Fulgence , N’Dri Aya Brigitte , Lata Jean-Christophe , Konaté Souleymane , Srikanthasamy Tharaniya , Konan Marcel , Barot Sébastien 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis study assesses the impact of four fire treatments applied yearly over 3 y, i.e. early fire, mid-season fire, late fire and no fire treatments, on the grass communities of Lamto savanna, Ivory Coast. We describe communities of perennial tussock grasses on three replicated 5 × 5-m or 10 × 5-m plots of each fire treatment. Tussock density did not vary with fire treatment. The relative abundance of grass species, the circumference of grass tussocks and the probability of having a tussock with a central die-back, varied with fire treatment. Mid-season fire had the highest proportion of tussocks with a central die-back while the late fire had the smallest tussocks. Tussock density, circumference, relative abundance and probability of having a central die-back varied with species.Andropogon canaliculatusandHyparrhenia diplandrawere the most abundant of the nine grass species. They had the largest tussocks and the highest proportion of tussock with a central die-back.Loudetia simplexwas the third most abundant species but was very rare in no fire plots. The distribution of tussock circumferences was right skewed and dominated by small tussocks. The proportion of the tussocks with a central die-back strongly increased with circumference, which could lead to tussock fragmentation. Taken together, this study suggests that fire regimes impact grass demography and that this impact depends on grass species and tussock size.