bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Optimal Membrane‐Based Separation of Cynaroside From Peony Seed Meals and Assessing Its Biomedical Implications
Authors: Chen Wen‐Tao , Sun Jing , Zhang Ying‐Yang , Xu Ying , Zou Ping , Hu Jian‐Gang , Zhou Lei 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis comprehensive study focused on evaluating and selecting seven distinct commercial membranes to develop BTESE/PA membranes. This method effectively facilitated the extraction of cynaroside from the complex composition of peony seed meal. We subsequently conducted a thorough investigation into its biological properties. These findings establish a robust foundation for future research and the development of related products. The peak concentration achieved by peony seed meal filtration (PSMF) was 234.84 ± 1.17 μg/mL. Among the commercial membranes evaluated, the PA membrane exhibited superior separation capabilities, leading to its selection for BTESE loading. Compared with BTESE treated with HCl and NH3, the HCl variant, once incorporated into the BTESE/PA membrane, enhanced cynaroside separation, achieving an impressive 90.23% recovery rate. A comprehensive investigation of the biological effects of cynaroside revealed its crucial antioxidant role, especially in SOD binding. Additionally, cynaroside has the potential to induce apoptosis in K562 cells through interactions with BCL‐2 and CDK‐2 enzymes. Pharmacophore screening revealed the affinity of cynaroside for the PDE5A, TNKS2, and DAPK1 proteins, suggesting that it has diverse potential applications.
Automated Segmentation of Fetal Intracranial Volume in Three‐Dimensional Ultrasound Using Deep Learning: Identifying Sex Differences in Prenatal Brain Development
Authors: de Zwarte Sonja M. C. , Teeuw Jalmar , He Jiaojiao , Bekker Mireille N. , van Sloun Ruud J. G. , Hulshoff Pol Hilleke E. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe human brain undergoes major developmental changes during pregnancy. Three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound images allow for the opportunity to investigate typical prenatal brain development on a large scale. Transabdominal ultrasound can be challenging due to the small fetal brain and its movement, as well as multiple sweeps that may not yield high‐quality images, especially when brain structures are unclear. By applying the latest developments in artificial intelligence for automated image processing allowing automated training of brain anatomy in these images retrieving reliable quantitative brain measurements becomes possible at a large scale. Here, we developed a convolutional neural network (CNN) model for automated segmentation of fetal intracranial volume (ICV) from 3D ultrasound. We applied the trained model in a large longitudinal population sample from the YOUth Baby and Child cohort measured at 20‐ and 30‐week of gestational age to investigate biological sex differences in fetal ICV as a proof‐of‐principle and validation for our automated method (N = 2235 individuals with 43492 ultrasounds). A total of 168 annotated, randomly selected, good quality 3D ultrasound whole‐brain images were included to train a 3D CNN for automated fetal ICV segmentation. A data augmentation strategy provided physical variation to train the network. K‐fold cross‐validation and Bayesian optimization were used for network selection and the ensemble‐based system combined multiple networks to form the final ensemble network. The final ensemble network produced consistent and high‐quality segmentations of ICV (Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) > 0.93, Hausdorff Distance (HD): HDvoxel < 4.6 voxels, and HDphysical < 1.4 mm). In addition, we developed an automated quality control procedure to include the ultrasound scans that successfully predicted ICV from all 43492 3D ultrasounds available in all individuals, no longer requiring manual selection of the best scan for analysis. Our trained model automatically retrieved ultrasounds with brain data and estimated ICV and ICV growth in 7672 (18%) of ultrasounds in 1762 participants that passed the automatic quality control procedure. Boys had significantly larger ICV at 20‐weeks (81.7 ± 0.4 mL vs. 80.8 ± 0.5 mL; B = 2.86; p = 5.7e‐14) and 30‐weeks (257.0 ± 0.9 mL vs. 245.1 ± 0.9 mL; B = 12.35; p = 8.2e‐27) of pregnancy, and more pronounced ICV growth than girls (delta growth 0.12 mL/day; p = 1.8e‐5). Our automated artificial intelligence approach provides an opportunity to investigate fetal brain development on a much larger scale and to answer fundamental questions related to prenatal brain development.
Efficacy of Digital Health Interventions Used for Adolescent's Sexual Health: An Umbrella Review
Authors: Borji‐Navan Sanam , Maleki Nahid , Keramat Afsaneh 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsAdolescents face many barriers and challenges associated with sexual and reproductive health (SRH). These barriers can include limited access to youth‐friendly healthcare services, lack of information, and stigma. Digital health interventions has the capability to enhance clinical management. This study was performed to investigate the efficacy of digital health interventions used for adolescent's sexual health.MethodsThis Umbrella Review has reviewed the search engines and databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Chochrane Library, Google Scholar in English with the keywords organized into three broad categories: Sexual health and related issues, digital health interventions, and Adolescent, until December 3, 2023. The final analysis was based on a review of 23 full‐text articles.ResultsThe findings of the study clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of digital health interventions in enhancing sexual health outcomes among adolescents. The review identified several significant fields where digital health interventions have been effective, including promoting safer sexual practices, improving sexual health knowledge, and Minimizing high‐risk sexual behaviors among adolescents. The assessment also emphasized the potential of digital health interventions to reach a wide audience, particularly those who may not have access to traditional healthcare services.ConclusionThe findings of this research suggest that digital health interventions can be an effective way to promote safer sexual practices, improve sexual health knowledge, and reduce risky sexual behavior among adolescents. The quality of the evidence, however, varied across the studies assessed, highlighting the need for further rigorous study to demonstrate the efficacy of these interventions.Trial RegistrationPROSPERO CRD42023488296; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023488296.
The Clinical Impact of NPM1 Mutations and the Effect of Concurrent Mutations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Unraveling the Prognostic Significance
Authors: Moassass Faten , Moualla Yahia , AL‐Halabi Bassel , Khamis Atieh , Al‐achkar Walid 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsNucleophosmin (NPM1) gene mutations occur in approximately 30%–35% of individuals with an initial diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Mutations in this gene have been reported in 50%–60% of AML patients with a normal karyotype. These mutations help to distinguish clinicopathological and molecular features, setting them apart as a unique subset within the heterogeneous landscape of AML. In the present study, we investigated the frequency and clinical impact of NPM1mut in 100 newly diagnosed adult Syrian patients with AML‐normal karyotype (NK) using direct sequencing.MethodsWe analyzed 100 AML‐NK patients using direct sequencing to assess the prevalence and clinical impact of NPM1 mutations, as well as the co‐occurrence of FLT3‐ITD and DNMT3A mutations.ResultsOur results revealed that the prevalence of NPM1mut was 22% among the patients; 86.4% of these mutations were type A (NM_002520.5:c.860‐863dupTCTG), while 13.6% were de novo mutations (c.863_864insCCTG, p.Trp288CysfsTer12), (c.861_862dup, p.Trp288SerfsTer13), and (c.863_864insCCGG, p.Trp288CysfsTer12). Among our patients, 22% exhibited NPM1mut, with 7% also harboring FLT3‐ITDmut and 2% having DNMT3Amut. The presence of NPM1mut was correlated with a statistically significant increase in bone marrow blast percentage (p = 0.017). Notably, patients with NPM1mut displayed significantly higher mortality rates, with 72.7% succumbing to the disease compared to 29.5% of patients without NPM1mut (p < 0.001). Furthermore, our results showed that when the overall survival (OS) time exceeded 8.35 months, the likelihood of NPM1 wild‐type status was greater.ConclusionThe evaluation of NPM1mut and co‐mutation has consistently demonstrated remarkable prognostic significance in AML, suggesting the potential for improved response rates, extended disease‐free periods, and OS. Our findings provide valuable insights for understanding molecular leukemogenesis in AML‐NK patients and will aid in clinical diagnosis, prognostic implications, and the development of targeted therapy strategies for Syrian AML patients.
The Current Pathogenicity and Potential Risk Assessment of Nipah Virus as Potential Cause of “Disease X”: A Narrative Review
Authors: Mehnaz Samiha , Anjum Ramisa , Mithila Fatema Rahman , Dewan Syed Masudur Rahman , Islam Md. Rabiul 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsThe World Health Organization (WHO) recognized the potential for a severe international epidemic and introduced the term “Disease X” to classify pathogens that not yet identified. The Nipah virus (NiV) is highly dangerous due to its zoonotic nature, high mortality rate, and ability to cause severe clinical symptoms in humans. In this review, we gather the latest information on the NiV and its potential to become a significant candidate for Disease X.MethodsWe performed a thorough review of articles published in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar using appropriate MeSH terms and keywords. Studies reported NiV infection were considered for this review.ResultsThe NiV exhibits different epidemiological patterns in different countries that calls for customized prevention and control strategies. Genetic analysis highlights NiV's ability to mutate that alters possible treatment options. Transmission typically involves bats as the primary reservoir, with humans becoming infected either through intermediate hosts or food. This shows NiV's complex nature, including its ability to reach the central nervous system through the olfactory nerve. Promising treatment options, such as monoclonal antibodies, antivirals, and ongoing vaccine research, provide hope. However, the virus's adaptability, human‐to‐human transmission, and the lack of specific antiviral therapy raise concerns about its potential to cause a global pandemic. The interconnection between animals, humans, and the environment stresses the need for a One Health approach to tackle emerging infectious disease by NiV.ConclusionGlobal collaboration, surveillance, and research investments are imperative for the preparation of future pandemics. The ongoing COVID‐19 challenges underscoring the critical need for sustained scientific endeavors, global leadership, and recognition of the prominence of NiV as a candidate for the potential Disease X.
Combined Impacts of Thermal and Mass Stratification on Unsteady MHD Parabolic Flow Along an Infinite Vertical Plate With Periodic Temperature Variation and Variable Mass Diffusion
Authors: Sahu Digbash , Deka Rudra Kanta 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the dynamics of unsteady MHD parabolic flow along an infinite vertical plate, with a focus on the impacts of thermal and mass stratification under periodic temperature variations and variable mass diffusion. Utilizing the Laplace transform technique for deriving exact solutions, this research innovatively integrates both thermal and mass stratification effects without resorting to approximations. The main objective is to assess how these stratifications influence flow dynamics, temperature, and concentration profiles in environments with varying magnetic fields. The study contrasts these findings against classical non‐stratification cases, offering a detailed comparison of fluid behavior under different conditions. Results indicate that thermal and mass stratifications substantially decrease velocity and stabilize temperature profiles, pointing to a damping effect on fluid motion while also controlling diffusion processes. These stratifications lead to higher Nusselt and Sherwood numbers, suggesting improved heat and mass transfer efficiencies. In contrast, the absence of stratification results in higher velocities and less stable temperature and concentration distributions. The findings underscore the significant role of stratification in optimizing fluid dynamics and enhancing the efficiency of heat and mass transfer processes, providing crucial insights for engineering and environmental applications where such conditions prevail.
Validation of Magnesium Oxide Additive Effects on Diesel Engine Performance Through Crystal Structure and Thermal Stability Analyses
Authors: Çılğın Erdal 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the effects of magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles on combustion performance and emissions in diesel engines. MgO's well‐ordered crystal structure, high thermal stability, and oxygen‐carrying capacity positively influence engine performance. The effects of 50 and 100 mg/L MgO concentrations were compared, showing up to a 5% improvement in brake thermal efficiency at 100 mg/L. Additionally, reductions of 8% in CO and 10% in HC emissions were achieved. MgO's crystal structure contributed to higher combustion temperatures, leading to lower harmful emissions. However, an increase in NOx emissions was observed, indicating the need for careful balancing between performance improvements and emission control. These results highlight MgO as an efficient and environmentally friendly fuel additive.
Simulation in podiatry teaching and learning: A scoping review
Authors: Anning Naomi , Tehan Peta 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn podiatry, there are a variety of clinical tasks that require precision and skill and it is expected that clinicians will obtain these skills during their training. Simulation is a dynamic teaching tool used in healthcare to enhance skill and knowledge acquisition. Currently, the extent and nature of the research on the use of simulation in podiatry teaching and learning are not clear.AimA scoping review was conducted to identify the extent and nature of research activity on the use of simulation in podiatry teaching and learning and identify gaps in the existing literature.MethodsAny research relating to simulation use in podiatry teaching including various designs and focusing on simulations aimed at improving podiatry teaching or learning were eligible for inclusion. A systematic search was conducted on February 14, 2024 of the following databases: Embase (via Embase.com), MEDLINE (via PubMed), CINAHL, and the Web of Science. Additional papers were identified via bibliographies of included studies. Content analysis of content relating to podiatry teaching and learning was performed and grouped into broad themes, then further narrowing to six themes.ResultsA total of 21 research studies were deemed eligible for inclusion focusing on diverse aspects of podiatry simulation utilized in high‐income countries exclusively. Conducted between 1997 and 2023, these studies were categorized into six key themes: skill improvement, communication and professionalism, clinical competencies and patient safety, educational enhancement, and anatomy and histology education. The simulations, carried out by or assessed for podiatry professionals, staff, or students, ranged from high‐fidelity medical mannequins to low‐fidelity simulations such as a grapefruit model of a diabetes‐related foot ulcer.ConclusionOverall, the findings suggest that simulation teaching in podiatry, whether through direct skill enhancement or through educational impact assessments, holds potential in improving competency, confidence, and educational outcomes in podiatry practice. This scoping review identified a small yet diverse evidence base for simulation modalities in podiatry education, demonstrating gaps in long‐term effects and comparative effectiveness studies. It highlights the urgent need for research focused on longitudinal impacts, evaluating various simulation technologies and standardizing best practices to improve podiatry education and align with clinical and patient care needs.
Forecasting Alcohol‐Related Liver Disease Mortality Trends in Younger Populations Using Advanced Time‐Series Models: A 1999–2030 Analysis
Authors: Ali Hassam , Jahagirdar Vinay , Blaney Hanna , Dahiya Dushyant Singh , Gangwani Manesh K. , Patel Pratik , Hayat Umar , Jaber Fouad , Simonetto Douglas A. , Satapathy Sanjaya K. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveAlcohol‐related liver disease (ALD) has emerged as a significant public health concern, particularly among younger populations. ALD remains the leading cause of alcohol‐attributable deaths. This study aims to forecast ALD mortality trends up to 2030, focusing on individuals under 55 years.MethodsWe utilized data from the CDC WONDER database (1999–2022) to examine ALD‐related deaths, identified by ICD‐10 codes (K70.0–K70.9). Crude mortality rates (CMRs) per 100 000 were analyzed and temporal trends were assessed using annual and average annual percent changes (APC/AAPC) with empirical quantile confidence intervals. An Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model was employed to project mortality rates until 2030, validated through time series cross‐validation.ResultsFrom 1999 to 2022, there were 181 862 ALD‐related deaths among individuals under 55, with mortality rates increasing from 3.9 per 100 000 in 1999 to 9.7 per 100 000 in 2022 (AAPC 4.66%, 95% CI: 3.90%–5.86%). Projections suggest rates will continue to rise, reaching 14.4 per 100 000 by 2030. From 1999 to 2022, the 25–34 age group experienced the highest increase, with an AAPC of 10.27% (95% CI: 9.19%–11.35%), while the 35–44 and 45–54 age groups showed more moderate increases, with AAPCs of 5.03% and 4.38%, respectively. Projections indicate an AAPC of 3.86% for ages 25–34, 3.90% for ages 35–44, and 6.17% for ages 45–54 by 2030.ConclusionForecasts indicate a continued rise in ALD mortality among individuals under 55, necessitating immediate public health strategies to mitigate this trend.
Small Planar Hypohamiltonian Graphs
Authors: Tsai Cheng‐Chen 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTA graph is hypohamiltonian if it is non‐hamiltonian, but the deletion of every single vertex gives a Hamiltonian graph. Until now, the smallest known planar hypohamiltonian graph had 40 vertices, a result due to Jooyandeh, McKay, Östergård, Pettersson, and Zamfirescu. That result is here improved upon by two planar hypohamiltonian graphs on 34 vertices. We exploited a special subgraph contained in two graphs of Jooyandeh et al., and modified it to construct the two 34‐vertex graphs and six planar hypohamiltonian graphs on 37 vertices. Each of the 34‐vertex graphs has 26 cubic vertices, improving upon the result of Jooyandeh et al. that planar hypohamiltonian graphs have 30 cubic vertices. We use the 34‐vertex graphs to construct hypohamiltonian graphs of order 34 with crossing number 1, improving the best‐known bound of 36 due to Wiener. Whether there exists a planar hypohamiltonian graph on 41 vertices was an open question. We settled this question by applying an operation introduced by Thomassen to the 37‐vertex graphs to obtain several planar hypohamiltonian graphs on 41 vertices. The 25 planar hypohamiltonian graphs on 40 vertices of Jooyandeh et al. have no nontrivial automorphisms. The result is here improved upon by six planar hypohamiltonian graphs on 40 vertices with nontrivial automorphisms.
Impact of Sanctions Policy Shifts: A Case Study of the United States and Cuba, 1994–2020
Authors: Vidal Pavel 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis article offers new evidence to aid the discussion on the economic consequences of easing or tightening sanctions, with Cuba serving as a case study. Even with the persistent sanction regime, a level of trade, remittances and visitors has been sustained between the United States and Cuba, notably since the 1990s, fluctuating with the political climate. This study consolidates data from various sources to gauge the magnitude of this exchange relative to Cuba's GDP and calculates the susceptibility of economic indicators to shifts in sanctions (either easing or tightening) over the past three decades. Econometric findings demonstrate the impact of sanctions on Cuban economic growth. The findings suggest that tight sanctions negatively impact household consumption and Cuba's private sector. However, the data do not show a decline in the value of Cuban government consumption.
Prenatal MR Diagnosis of Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection and Related Brain Growth Changes
Authors: Ren Jing‐Ya , Chen Chang‐An , Zhu Ming , Liu Ke , Chen Li‐Jun , Dong Su‐Zhen 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundPrenatal diagnosis of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is challenging, and little is known about how it affects brain development.PurposeTo evaluate the utility of fetal MRI to diagnose TAPVC and related brain growth changes.Study TypeRetrospective case–control study.PopulationTwenty‐one fetuses (23.0 to 30.8 weeks, mean 26.4 weeks) with pre‐natal MRI diagnosis of TAPVC. Post‐natal images and surgery were available in 18 fetuses. Brain volumes in TAPVC fetuses were compared with age and sex matched 100 cases of normal controls and 38 fetuses with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF).SequenceSingle shot turbo spin echo sequence for evaluating fetal brain, and steady‐state free precession (SSFP) sequence for evaluating fetal cardiovascular structures at 1.5 T.AssessmentTAPVC type was determined by visualizing the drainage of the common pulmonary vein and dilated coronary sinus: supracardiac, intracardiac and infracardiac. The fetal pulmonary edema was evaluated, and fetal brain volumes were measured using automatic segmentation.Statistical TestsOne‐way analysis of variance and post hoc least square difference tests to evaluate differences in variables between TAPVC, TOF and control groups. A P value <0.05 was considered significant.ResultsOf the 21 cases of TAPVC, 10 (47.6%) were identified as supracardiac, 8 (38.1%) as intracardiac, and 3 (14.3%) as infracardiac. Eighteen cases were confirmed by postnatal imaging and surgery; the remaining three cases had no confirmation. Six cases were associated with other cardiovascular abnormalities. Key MRI features of fetal TAPVC included a dilated coronary sinus and vertical vein. Fetal pulmonary edema was seen in six cases. Compared to controls, TAPVC fetuses had lower cerebellum and brainstem volumes and higher e‐CSF, while had larger subcortical brain tissue, cerebellum, brainstem, e‐CSF, and intracranial cavity volumes than those of TOF cases.Data ConclusionFetal MRI may be a useful modality for evaluating fetal TAPVC and altered brain development.Evidence Level3Technical EfficacyStage 3