bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Postnatal Antibiotics and Parenteral Nutrition on the Gut Microbiota in Preterm Infants During Early Life
Authors: Jia Jie , Xun Pengcheng , Wang Xinling , He Ka , Tang Qingya , Zhang Tian , Wang Ying , Tang Wenjing , Lu Lina , Yan Weihui , Wang Weiping , Hu Tianyi , Cai Wei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe early‐life gut microbiota, which is critically important for the long‐term health of infants, is normally sensitive to perturbations, especially in preterm infants. However, how the gut microbiota develops and what key factors affect the preterm gut microbiota remain largely unknown. We hypothesized that preterm microbial dysbiosis exists from the beginning after birth, and microbial alteration is associated with parenteral nutrition and antibiotic therapy interventions.MethodsFecal samples were collected from fifty‐one preterm and fifty full‐term vaginally delivered (FTVD) infants at 7 time points for 90 days after birth. The microbial profiles of 558 fecal DNA samples were analyzed by sequencing their 16S ribosomal RNA amplicons. A random‐effects generalized least square regression was used to identify factors that influence the bacterial composition over time.ResultsThe altered gut microbiota in preterm infants existed from the meconium, having significantly lower levels of Escherichia‐Shigella than those in FTVD infants. The developmental trajectories of 7 predominant bacterial groups successfully fitted with exponential/linear function curves (R2, 0.921–0.993) in both groups. By day 90, depleted levels of Bacteroides and Parabacteroides and an overabundance of Peptoclostridium were characteristic of the preterm group. The prolonged use of antibiotics and parenteral nutrition had significant adverse effects on the Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium levels in preterm infants. Moreover, gestational age, sex, and birth weight were factors impacting specific genera in preterm infants.ConclusionThe early‐life microbial composition and functions were markedly different in preterm infants, being associated with the prolonged use of postnatal antibiotics and parenteral nutrition.
Effects of nitrogen fertilization on pot‐grown wheat photosynthate partitioning within intensively farmed soil determined by 13C pulse‐labeling
Authors: Sun Zhaoan , Wu Shuxia , Zhang Yiwen , Meng Fanqiao , Zhu Biao , Chen Qing 
Published: August 2019

AbstractUnderstanding rhizodeposited carbon (C) dynamics of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is important for improving soil fertility and increasing soil C stocks. However, the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilization on photosynthate C allocation to rhizodeposition of wheat grown in an intensively farmed alkaline soil remain elusive. In this study, pot‐grown winter wheat under N fertilization of 250 kg N ha−1 was pulse‐labeled with 13CO2 at tillering, elongation, anthesis, and grain‐filling stages. The 13C in shoots, roots, soil organic carbon (SOC), and rhizosphere‐respired CO2 was measured 28 d after each 13C labeling. The proportion of net‐photosynthesized 13C recovered (shoots + roots + soil + soil respired CO2) in the shoots increased from 58–64% at the tillering to 86–91% at the grain‐filling stage. Likewise, the proportion in the roots decreased from 21–28% to 2–3%, and that in the SOC pool increased from 1–2% to 6–7%. However, the 13C respired CO2 allocated to soil peaked (17–18%) at the elongation stage and decreased to 6–8% at the grain‐filling stage. Over the entire growth season of wheat, N fertilization decreased the proportion of net photosynthate C translocated to the below‐ground pool by about 20%, but increased the total amount of fixed photosynthate C, and therefore increased the below‐ground photosynthate C input. We found that the chase period of about 4 weeks is sufficient to accurately monitor the recovery of 13C after pulse labeling in a wheat–soil system. We conclude that N fertilization increased the deposition of photoassimilate C into SOC pools over the entire growth season of wheat compared to the control treatment.
Resurgence of minority and autochthonous grapevine varieties in South America: a review of their oenological potential
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Gamboa Gastón , Liu Shu‐Yan , Pszczólkowski Philippo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn contrast with the general trend of producing wine from the most famous grapevine varieties, associated with the French paradigm, such as Cabernet‐Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot Noir, Syrah, Sauvignon Blanc, and Chardonnay, there is a tendency to revalorize and preserve minority or autochthonous grapevine varieties worldwide. The South American wine region, where most of the varieties derived from varieties brought after European colonization, is not exempt from this. This has allowed new wines to be provided with distinctive identities that are markedly different from the current homogeneous wine production. Moreover, varietal homogenization increases vineyard genetic vulnerability in relation to the emergence of grapevine diseases, to which the commonly cultivated varieties are not resistant. This review summarizes the oenological potential of minority or autochthonous grapevine varieties cultivated within the South American wine region, focusing on Argentina, Chile, and Bolivia. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Survival benefit of neoadjuvant therapy in patients with non‐metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: A propensity matching and intention‐to‐treat analysis
Authors: Sugimoto Motokazu , Takahashi Naoki , Farnell Michael B. , Smyrk Thomas C. , Truty Mark J. , Nagorney David M. , Smoot Rory L. , Chari Suresh T. , Carter Rickey E. , Kendrick Michael L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesConclusive evidence in favor of neoadjuvant therapy for those with non‐metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is still lacking. The objective of this study was to evaluate the survival benefit of neoadjuvant therapy vs upfront surgery for patients with non‐metastatic PDAC.MethodsThe study involved 565 patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy or upfront surgery as the primary treatment for PDAC. Propensity score matching was performed between the neoadjuvant therapy group (NAT group) and the upfront surgery group (UFS group) using 20 clinical variables at diagnosis. Overall survival and surgical pathology were compared between the two treatment groups on an intent‐to‐treat basis.ResultsIn the matched cohort, the NAT group (n = 91) had a longer median overall survival than the UFS group (n = 91) (23.1 months vs 18.5 months, P = .043). The rate of patients undergoing surgical resection was lower in the NAT group (58% vs 80%, P = .001). Regarding surgical pathology, the NAT group had smaller tumor size (2.8 cm vs 4.0 cm, P = .001), lower incidence of positive surgical margins (8% vs 30%, P < .002), and less lymph node metastasis (45% vs 78%, P < .001).ConclusionsThe strategy of neoadjuvant therapy before surgical resection appears to offer pathologic effect and survival benefit for the patients presenting with non‐metastatic PDAC.
Molecularly imprinted polymer solid‐phase microextraction coupled with ultra high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry for rapid analysis of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in herbal medicine
Authors: Luo Zhimin , Chen Guoning , Li Xuan , Wang Lu , Shu Hua , Cui Xia , Chang Chun , Zeng Aiguo , Fu Qiang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPyrrolizidine alkaloids are the most widely distributed natural toxins, and pyrrolizidine alkaloid‐containing herbal medicines are probably the most common poisonous plants affecting humans. We reported pyrrolizidine alkaloid‐molecularly imprinted polymer solid‐phase microextraction for the selective adsorption of toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids from herbal medicine. A sulfonic compound, sodium allylsulfonate, was chosen as the functional monomer to interact with pyrrolizidine alkaloids through strong ionic interaction. To avoid template leakage and for the aim of cost saving, a relatively cheap dummy template was used for the fabrication of molecularly imprinted polymer‐solid‐phase microextraction fibers. The obtained fibers showed selective adsorption ability for four pyrrolizidine alkaloids, including europine, echimidine, lasiocarpine, and heliotrine. The extraction parameters, such as extraction time, extraction temperature, shaking speed, elution solvent and elution time, were optimized. Then ultra high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry coupled with molecularly imprinted polymer‐solid‐phase microextraction method was developed for the fast and efficient analysis of four pyrrolizidine alkaloids from the model herbal plant Farfarae Flos. The established method was validated and exhibited satisfactory accuracy and precision. The present method provides an innovative and fast analytical strategy for the determination of trace toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids in complicated samples.
Greater sage‐grouse habitat function relative to 230‐kV transmission lines
Authors: Lebeau Chad W. , Smith Kurt T. , Holloran Matthew J. , Beck Jeffrey L. , Kauffman Mandy E. , Johnson Gregory D. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTGreater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) is a landscape‐level species that requires large tracts of intact sagebrush (Artemisiaspp.). Loss of functional habitat resulting from increased demand for energy generation, transmission, and distribution within greater sage‐grouse habitats in the western United States has the potential to negatively affect this species. We monitored 346 radio‐marked female greater sage‐grouse from 2009 to 2014 to evaluate the potential effects of 27‐m‐tall, 230‐kilovolt (kV) wood‐pole, H‐frame transmission lines on greater sage‐grouse habitat selection and demography. We modeled the effect of the transmission lines in 2 different study areas simultaneously using consistent habitat data. Previous research in our study areas suggested that the effect of transmission lines was potentially confounded by other habitat features. We accounted for these potential confounding effects by estimating habitat suitability before estimating the effect of transmission lines. We combined habitat selection and demography results to estimate habitat function relative to transmission lines and inform management recommendations. Overall, we found evidence that transmission lines had a negative effect on greater sage‐grouse habitat selection and survival within our study areas over 6 years, but the magnitude of this effect varied by habitat suitability and proximity to occupied leks. The effect of transmission lines on habitat function extended 1.0 km from a transmission line in habitats within 3.1 km of an occupied lek compared to 0.50 km from a transmission line in habitats beyond 3.1 km from occupied leks. Based on these results, we suggest future power line placement relative to sage‐grouse nesting, brood‐rearing, and summer habitats consider potential effects to sage‐grouse habitat selection and demography. Effects can be minimized by incorporating design features that discourage avian predator perching and siting power lines in habitats with lower suitability and, in our study area, habitats beyond 3.1 km from occupied leks. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Corrosion characteristics of zinc–zirconium alloy in c‐SBF and its biocompatibility in vitro/in vivo
Authors: Guo Pushan , Bagheri Robabeh , Ren Tiantian , Yang Lijing , Xu Cheng , Lin Jiajia , Liu Huinan , Sun Wensheng , Song Zhenlun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractZinc‐based metals have attracted attention as biodegradable implant materials for medical applications. New alloying systems are still being tried. In this study, three kinds of extruded zinc–zirconium alloys (R1, R2, and R3) were prepared, and two of the most important performance of corrosion characteristics and biocompatibility in vitro/in vivo were carefully examined. We found that zirconium content did not linearly influence the corrosion behavior. Zirconium improved the zinc–zirconium alloy corrosion potential, but the strengthening effect was weakened due to the ZrZn
22 phase, leading to microgalvanic corrosion. The alloy with zirconium content of 0.8% (R2) showed high corrosion resistance and minimum initial corrosion rate in the corrected simulated body fluid. R2 alloy also exhibited favorable cytocompatibility and biological histocompatibility.
Yellow Triazine as an Efficient Photoinitiator for Polymerization and 3D Printing under LEDs
Authors: Lai Haiwang , Zhu Di , Xiao Pu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe search for new efficient photoinitiators for polymerization under the illumination of visible light is under extensive investigation due to their wide application in 3D printing. 2‐(4‐Methoxystyryl)‐4,6‐bis(trichloromethyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine (yellow triazine, R‐Cl) alone or the R‐Cl/additive systems have been indicated as promising photoinitiating systems in the free radical polymerization at 405 nm in our previous study. Here, further investigation of R‐Cl in the polymerization of a series of difunctional (meth)acrylate monomers is described. The effect of monomers on the polymerization performance is elucidated. The interplay of functional group, double bond concentration, and fluidity determines the polymerization rate and final conversions. Remarkably, R‐Cl shows better photoinitiating ability than well‐known commercial photoinitiator bisacylphosphine oxide in the polymerization of bis‐GMA/TEGDMA blend and EB605 under LED at 400 nm. The optimum concentrations of R‐Cl in the photopolymerization of TetEGDA and DPGDA monomers are revealed, the results of which are used to guide the 3D printing of DPGDA.
Synthesis and Light‐Mediated Structural Disruption of an Azobenzene‐Containing Helical Poly(isocyanide)
Authors: Pomarico Scott K. , Wang Chengyuan , Weck Marcus 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHelical poly(isocyanide)s are an important class of synthetic polymers possessing a static helical structure. Since their initial discovery, numerous examples of these helices have been fabricated. In this contribution, the synthesis of a chiral, azobenzene (azo)‐containing isocyanide monomer is reported. Upon polymerization with nickel(II) catalysts, a well‐defined circular dichroism (CD) trace is obtained, corresponding to the formation of a right‐handed polymeric helix. The helical polymer, dissolved in chloroform and irradiated with UV light (365 nm), undergoes a cis to trans isomerization of the azobenzene side‐chains. After the isomerization, a change in conformation of the helix occurs, as evidenced by CD spectroscopy. When the solution is irradiated with LED light, the polymer returns to a right‐handed helical conformation. To open up the possibility for chain‐end post‐polymerization modification of this light‐responsive system, an alkyne‐functionalized nickel(II) catalyst is also used in the polymerization of the azobenzene monomer, resulting in a stimuli‐responsive, terminal‐alkyne‐containing helical poly(isocyanide).
TERT rs10069690 polymorphism and cancers risk: A meta‐analysis
Authors: He Guisheng , Song Tao , Zhang Yazhen , Chen Xiuxiu , Xiong Wei , Chen Huamin , Sun Chuanwei , Zhao Chaoyang , Chen Yunjing , Wu Huangfu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundStudies have identified that the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene polymorphism rs10069690 (C>T) is associated with cancer risk, but the results remain inconclusive.MethodsTo provide a more precise estimation of the relationship, we performed a meta‐analysis of 45 published studies including 329,035 cases and 730,940 controls. We conducted a search in PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science to select studies on the association between rs10069690 and cancer risk. Stratification by ethnicity, cancer type, cancers’ classification, source of control, sample size, and genotype method was used to explore the source of heterogeneity. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were evaluated using random effects models. Sensitivity, publication bias, false‐positive report probability (FPRP) and statistical power were also assessed.ResultsThe result demonstrated that rs10069690 was significantly associated with an increased risk of cancer overall (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.06–1.12, p < .001) under the allele model. Stratification analysis revealed an increased cancer risk in subgroups of breast cancer, ovarian cancer, lung cancer, thyroid cancer, and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, a significantly decreased association was observed in pancreatic cancer in the European population (OR = 0.93,95% CI: 0.87–0.99, p = .031). In the subgroup analysis based on cancer type, no significant association was found in prostate cancer, leukemia, colorectal cancer and glioma.ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis suggested that the TERT rs10069690 polymorphism may be a risk factor for cancer, especially breast cancer, ovarian cancer, lung cancer, thyroid cancer, and RCC. Further functional studies are warranted to reveal the role of the polymorphism in carcinogenesis.
Using quadratic discriminant analysis for osteometric pair‐matching of long bone antimeres: An evaluation on modern and archaeological samples
Authors: Santos Frédéric , Villotte Sébastien 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA common problem in forensic anthropology is the pair‐matching of left and right bone antimeres. Several osteometric sorting models have been proposed in the last 20 years, with a recent acceleration in new methodological articles bringing sometimes contradictory results or recommendations. These debates demonstrate the need for a statistical tool both accurate and easily applicable by the final user. We present here an approach based on quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA). This approach is evaluated on antimeric pairs of humeri and femora from the openly available Goldman Data Set and compared with two classical and previously published methods for osteometric pair‐matching, based respectively on linear regressions and t tests. It is shown that QDA globally outperforms existing solutions for reassociating those long bones, in particular by rejecting fewer true bone pairs at the classical α level of .10. The accuracy of all three methods is analysed through receiver operating characteristic curves to assess the influence of the choice of a decision threshold. The application on archaeological commingled remains of pair‐matching models learned on a modern reference multipopulation sample is discussed. Finally, an R package containing the functions used for this study, bonepairs, is publicly available online. This ensures the full replicability of results and an easy use of the new method introduced here.
An optimized protocol for isolation of high‐quality RNA through laser capture microdissection of leaf material
Authors: Hua Lei , Hibberd Julian M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLaser Capture Microdissection is a powerful tool that allows thin slices of specific cell types to be separated from one another. However, the most commonly used protocol, which involves embedding tissue in paraffin wax, results in severely degraded RNA. Yields from low abundance cell types of leaves are particularly compromised. We reasoned that the relatively high temperature used for sample embedding, and aqueous conditions associated with sample preparation prior to microdissection contribute to RNA degradation. Here, we describe an optimized procedure to limit RNA degradation that is based on the use of low‐melting‐point wax as well as modifications to sample preparation prior to dissection, and isolation of paradermal, rather than transverse sections. Using this approach, high‐quality RNA suitable for down‐stream applications such as quantitative reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reactions or RNA‐sequencing is recovered from microdissected bundle sheath strands and mesophyll cells of leaf tissue.
The HAC1 histone acetyltransferase promotes leaf senescence and regulates the expression of ERF022
Authors: Hinckley Will E. , Keymanesh Keykhosrow , Cordova Jaime A. , Brusslan Judy A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNutrient remobilization during leaf senescence nourishes the growing plant. Understanding the regulation of this process is essential for reducing our dependence on nitrogen fertilizers and increasing agricultural sustainability. Our laboratory is interested in chromatin changes that accompany the transition to leaf senescence. Previously, darker green leaves were reported for Arabidopsis thaliana hac1 mutants, defective in a gene encoding a histone acetyltransferase in the CREB‐binding protein family. Here, we show that two Arabidopsis hac1 alleles display delayed age‐related developmental senescence, but have normal dark‐induced senescence. Using a combination of ChIP‐seq for H3K9ac and RNA‐seq for gene expression, we identified 43 potential HAC1 targets during age‐related developmental senescence. Genetic analysis demonstrated that one of these potential targets, ERF022, is a positive regulator of leaf senescence. ERF022 is regulated additively by HAC1 and MED25, suggesting MED25 may recruit HAC1 to the ERF022 promoter to increase its expression in older leaves.
Equivalent Principle of Time‐Temperature‐Strain Rate for Poisson's Ratio of Composite Solid Propellant
Authors: Lv Xuan , Zhou Wei Yong , Shen Zhi Bin , Cui Hui Ru 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe viscoelastic Poisson's ratio of solid propellant seriously affects the analytical accuracy of the structural integrity of the solid rocket motor. Based on the digital image correlation (DIC) method, a stress relaxation test and a uniaxial constant tensile rate test were carried out to measure the viscoelastic Poisson's ratio of the composite solid propellant according to the stress characteristics of solidification cooling and ignition pressurization conditions. The effects of time, temperature, longitudinal strain as well as tensile rate on the viscoelastic Poisson's ratio of propellant were studied. In this paper, the main curves of the temperature and strain rate of the propellant Poisson's ratio at the reference temperature of 25 °C and the main curves of temperature and longitudinal strain at the reference time of 10000 s were established. The research shows that the viscoelastic Poisson's ratio of composite solid propellants increased with increasing temperature, longitudinal strain and tensile rate. Under the solidification cooling condition, the Poisson's ratio of the solid propellant does not change significantly with time. At this point, the Poisson's ratio can be regarded as a constant, but the appropriate value must be selected according to the operating temperature and initial deformation of the solid rocket motor. In the uniaxial constant tensile rate test, when the stretching rate reached 500 mm/min, Poisson's ratio of the propellant gradually approached a certain constant value. Considering that the loading rate of the propellant is generally above 0.5 s−1 under the ignition pressurization condition, the strain rate is large, the Poisson's ratio of the propellant can be taken as a constant. Relevant methods and conclusions can provide a reference for structural analysis and storage life prediction of solid rocket motors.