bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone Morphogenetic Protein Glass Bottom Boat (BMP5/6/7/8) and its receptor Wishful Thinking (BMPRII) are required for injury-induced allodynia in Drosophila
Authors: Gjelsvik Kayla Jane , Follansbee Taylor Leon , Ganter Geoffrey Karl 
Published: September 2018

Background Chronic pain affects millions of people worldwide; however, its cellular and molecular mechanisms have not been completely elucidated. It is thought that chronic pain is triggered by nociceptive sensitization, which produces elevated nocifensive responses. A model has been developed in Drosophila melanogaster to investigate the underlying mechanisms of chronic pain using ultraviolet-induced tissue injury to trigger thermal allodynia, a nociceptive hypersensitivity to a normally innocuous stimulus. Larvae were assayed for their behavioral latencies to produce a distinct avoidance response under different thermal conditions. Previously, Decapentaplegic, a member of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) family and orthologous to mammalian BMP2/4, was shown to be necessary for the induction of allodynia. Here, we further investigate the BMP pathway to identify other essential molecules necessary to activate the nociceptive sensitization pathway. Results Using the GAL4-UAS-RNAi system to induce a cell-specific knockdown of gene expression, we further explored BMP pathway components to identify other key players in the induction of nociceptive sensitization by comparing the responses of manipulated animals to those of controls. Here, we show that a second BMP, Glass Bottom Boat, and its receptor Wishful Thinking are both necessary for injury-induced thermal allodynia since the formation of sensitization was found to be severely attenuated when either of these components was suppressed. The effects on pain perception appear to be specific to the sensitization system, as the ability to respond to a normally noxious stimulus in the absence of injury was left intact, and no nociceptor morphological defects were observed. Conclusion These results provide further support of the hypothesis that the BMP pathway plays a crucial role in the development of nociceptive sensitization. Because of its strong conservation between invertebrates and mammals, the BMP pathway may be worthy of future investigation for the development of targeted treatments to alleviate chronic pain.
Reduction of Distress Intolerance With Salutotherapeutic Interventions: Results From a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Otto Josephine , Linden Michael 
Published: September 2018

Background Distress tolerance is the ability to pursue one’s goals in the presence of (chronic) stressors, hardship, adversities and negative internal states, and psychological distress. By contrast, distress intolerance is a transdiagnostic indicator of mental illness and a mediator in coping with problems in life, work demands, or stress in general. There is a lack of data regarding intervention strategies. The objective of the present study is to test the differential effects of two treatment approaches: “regeneration fostering” versus “resistance training.” Methods Inpatients of a psychosomatic hospital were randomly allocated to either a resistance training group therapy ( n = 65)—that is, active coping with demands and endurance—or a regeneration fostering group therapy ( n = 62)—that is, recovery, mindful indulgence, and creative activities. They were compared with a group of patients who received treatment as usual ( n = 43), without special treatments for distress intolerance, and the outcome was measured with the “Distress Intolerance Scale.” One-way and repeated measure analyses of variance and paired t tests were used for the analysis. Results The “regeneration” group showed a significant improvement in distress intolerance, whereas there was no significant change for the treatment-as-usual group and in the “resistance” group. Post hoc tests were conducted with paired sample t tests for pre–post comparisons for each group. No differences were found for the treatment-as-usual group ( mean difference: 0.03, SD (mean difference): 0.89; t(42) = 0.266, p = 0.792, d = 0.04) and for the resistance group ( mean difference:−0.07, SD (mean difference): 0.73; t(63) = −0.736, p = 0.464, d = 0.08). The regeneration group showed a significant decline in distress intolerance ( mean difference: 0.29, SD (mean difference): 0.72; t(61) = 3.156, p = 0.002, d = 0.38). Conclusions In the treatment of distress intolerance, it seems promising to focus on positive psychology interventions and resources. Limitations of the study are that it was conducted with psychosomatic inpatients only and that no follow-up data are available.
The Prognostic Significance of Lymph Node Ratio and Log Odds Ratio in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Xinrui , Yu Feng , Zhao Zheng , Mai Junhao , Zhou Yibo , Tan Guojie , Liu Xuekui 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveTo investigate whether lymph node ratio (LNR) and log odds ratio (LODDS) have prognostic significance for overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) in patients with laryngeal squamous cell cancer (LSCC) treated with curative intent.Study DesignCase‐control study.SettingUniversity hospital.Subjects and MethodsRecords of 229 patients with LSCC who underwent surgery with a curative intent with or without adjuvant treatment from 2000 to 2014 were reviewed. The clinicopathological parameters LNR and LODDS were analyzed; univariate and multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate the prognosis of each for OS and DFS.ResultsThe 5‐year OS was 81.7% for LNR ≤0.233 and 47.1% for LNR >0.233, and the 5‐year OS was 79.6% for LODDS ≤–0.1 and 51.8% for LODDS >–0.1, respectively. In the univariate analysis, the independent variables were subsites, pT stage (pT1 and pT2 vs pT3 and pT4), pN, pTNM, alcohol consumption, and LNR and LODDS (P <. 05). By multivariate analysis, we determined that subsites, pT stage, alcohol consumption, LNR, and LODDS were independent prognostic predictors of survival (P <. 05). Univariate and multivariate models identified that both LNR and LODDS were significant prognostic factors for survival. However, the hazard ratio (HR) for LNR >0.233 vs ≤0.233 was 8.95 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.18‐25.16; P <. 001) in OS, and the HR was 11.37 (95% CI, 4.02‐32.15; P <. 001) in DFS. The risk of LNR was noticeably greater than other factors.ConclusionsLNR and LODDS were both prognostic factors for OS and DFS. However, LNR was confirmed as a more reliable indicator for evaluating the prognosis, and it can be used to increase the prognostic value of the traditional TNM classification of LSCC.
CD4/CD8 ratio normalization rates and low ratio as prognostic marker for non-AIDS defining events among long-term virologically suppressed people living with HIV
Authors: Han Win Min , Apornpong Tanakorn , Kerr Stephen J. , Hiransuthikul Akarin , Gatechompol Sivaporn , Do Tanya , Ruxrungtham Kiat , Avihingsanon Anchalee 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundImmune restoration is often incomplete after ART in HIV patients, both quantitatively and qualitatively. We studied the incidence and probability of CD4/CD8 normalization in an adult Thai HIV cohort and explored the predictive value of the ratio for developing of non-AIDS defining events (NAEs).MethodsWe analyzed data from HIV-infected Thai adults between 1996 and 2017 in the HIV-NAT 006 prospective long-term cohort in Bangkok, Thailand. Normalization was defined as CD4/CD8 ratio ≥ 1 on two consecutive visits, and normalization probability was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. NAEs were a composite endpoint including cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases, chronic kidney diseases, non-AIDS defining malignancies and death. Multivariate Cox regression was used to evaluate demographic, disease and treatment characteristics associated with CD4/CD8 ratio normalization and NAEs.ResultsA total of 800 ART-naïve patients with baseline CD4/CD8 ratio of < 0.8 who started combination ART, and had sustained virological suppression were enrolled. Participants were on ART for a median of 8.9 years and virologically suppressed for 6.1 years. The probabilities of CD4/CD8 normalization at 2, 5 and 10 years after virological suppression were 5.1%, 18.6% and 39.1%, respectively. Factors associated with normalization in multivariate analysis were female sex (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.47, 95% CI 1.71–3.56, p < 0.001) and baseline CD4 counts ≥ 350 cells/mm3(HR: 3.62, 95% CI 2.36–5.55), p < 0.001) vs. < 200 cells/mm3as reference. The second analysis explored the predictive value of CD4/CD8 ratio for NAEs. Older age (HR: 1.09, 95% CI 1.05–1.13, p < 0.01) and current CD4/CD8 ratio < 0.3 (HR: 3.02, 95% CI 1.27–7.21, p = 0.01) or between 0.3 and 0.45 (HR: 2.03, 95% CI 1.03–3.98, p = 0.04) vs. > 0.45 were independently associated with higher risk of progression to NAEs in the multivariate analysis.ConclusionsOur findings showed that complete immune recovery is uncommon in an Asian setting and earlier ART initiation at higher CD4 counts may have increased the ratio sooner. The findings demonstrate the use of CD4/CD8 ratio as a prognostic marker for clinical progression of NAEs.Trial registrationHIV-NAT 006 cohort, clinical trial number: NCT00411983
Evidence of effects of herbivory on Arctic vegetation: a systematic map protocol
Authors: Soininen E. M. , Barrio I. , Jepsen J. U. , Ehrich D. , Ravolainen V. T. , Speed J. D. M. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Background
Along with climate change, herbivory is considered a main driver of ecosystem change in terrestrial Arctic environments. Understanding how herbivory influences the resilience of Arctic ecosystems to ongoing environmental changes is essential to inform policy and guide sustainable management practices. However, many studies indicate that the effects of herbivores on plants and ecosystem functioning depend on the abiotic and biotic conditions where the interaction takes place, i.e. the ecological context. Yet, the range of ecological contexts in which herbivory has been studied in the Arctic has not been systematically assessed. A lack of such evaluation prevents understanding the robustness and generalizability of our knowledge of Arctic herbivore effects on vegetation and ecosystems. The main objective of our systematic map is to identify the ecological contexts where herbivory is studied in the Arctic. Hence, this systematic map will enable us to assess our ability to make generalizable and robust conclusions regarding the impacts of Arctic herbivory.

Methods
We will search academic and grey literature using databases, search engines and specialist websites, and select studies addressing the response of the plant(s) to herbivory, deemed relevant in terms of (i) population (terrestrial Arctic plants and plant communities), (ii) exposure (herbivory, including disturbance and fertilization effects of herbivores), and (iii) modifier (ecological context being in the terrestrial Arctic including forest-tundra). We will synthesize the results using systematic mapping approaches.
Virtual reality-integrated workflow in BIM-enabled projects collaboration and design review: a case study
Authors: Zaker Reza , Coloma Eloi 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Introduction
A successful project delivery based on building information modeling (BIM) methods is interdependent on an efficient collaboration. This relies mainly on the visualization of a BIM model, which can appear on different mediums. Visualization on mediums such as computer screens, lack some degrees of immersion which may prevent the full utilization of the model. Another problem with conventional collaboration methods such as BIM-Big room, is the need of physical presence of participants in a room. Virtual Reality as the most immersive medium for visualizing a model, has the promise to become a regular part of construction industry. The virtual presence of collaborators in a VR environment, eliminates the need of their physical presence. Simulation of on-site task can address a number of issues during construction, such as feasibility of operations. As consumer VR tools have recently been available in the market, little research has been done on their actual employment in architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) practices.

Case description
This paper investigates the application of a VR based workflow in a real project. The authors collaborated with a software company to evaluate some of their advanced VR software features, such as simulation of an on-site task. A case study of VR integrated collaboration workflow serves as an example of how firms can overcome the challenge of benefiting this new technology. A group of AEC professionals involved in a project were invited to take part in the experiment, utilizing their actual project BIM models.

Discussion and evaluation
The results of the feedbacks from the experiment confirmed the supposed benefits of a VR collaboration method. Although the participants of the study were from a wide range of disciplines, they could find benefits of the technology in their practice. It also resulted that an experimental method of clash detection via simulation, could actually be practical.

Conclusion
The simulation of on-site tasks and perception of architectural spaces in a 1:1 scale are assets unique to VR application in AEC practices. Nevertheless, the study shows the investment in new hardware and software, and resistant against adoption of new technologies are main obstacles of its wide adoption. Further works in computer industry is required to make these technologies more affordable.
Follow-up study of 6.5 years of admissions to a UK female medium secure forensic psychiatry unit
Authors: Tully John , Cappai Alessandra , Lally John , Fotiadou Maria 
Published: September 2018

Aims and methodWe aimed to examine clinical and risk outcomes at follow-up, and reoffending and readmission rates, for a sample of 50 admissions to a female medium secure unit (MSU). Demographic, clinical risk assessment (HCR-20 and HoNOS-Secure) and quality of life data were collected using validated measures for all admissions to a female MSU ward in London, UK, between April 2008 and November 2014.ResultsAll clinical and risk assessment scale scores had improved at follow-up. Quality of life compared favourably to community samples and was good for physical, social and environmental factors and acceptable for psychological health. Twenty-six per cent had at least one readmission, while 17.5% reoffended in the period studied. A longer duration of admission and use of restrictions on discharge was associated with reduced reoffending, but not readmission.Clinical implicationsAdmission is associated with improvement on clinical risk assessment at follow-up. Longer hospital admissions and use of restrictions on discharge may be necessary to prevent reoffending in this group.Declaration of interestNone.
Effective Project Management of a Pan-African Cancer Research Network: Men of African Descent and Carcinoma of the Prostate (MADCaP)
Authors: Odiaka Emeka , Lounsbury David W. , Jalloh Mohamed , Adusei Ben , Diallo Thierno Amadou , Kane Papa Moussa Sene , Rockson Isabella , Okyne Vicky , Irusen Hayley , Pentz Audrey , Makinde Ifeoluwa , Ajibola Olalekan Hafees , Petersen Lindsay , McBride Jo , Petersen Desiree C. , Mante Sunny , Agalliu Ilir , Adebiyi Akindele Olupelumi , Popoola Olufemi , Yeboah Edward , Mensah James E. , Hsing Ann , Fernandez Pedro , Aisuodionoe-Shadrach Oseremen , Joffe Maureen , Singh Elvira , Gueye Serigne Magueye , Quintana Yuri , Fortier Brian , Rebbeck Timothy R. , Andrews Caroline 
Published: September 2018

Purpose Health research in low- and middle-income countries can generate novel scientific knowledge and improve clinical care, fostering population health improvements to prevent premature death. Project management is a critical part of the success of this research, applying knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to accomplish required goals. Here, we describe the development and implementation of tools to support a multifaceted study of prostate cancer in Africa, focusing on building strategic and operational capacity. Methods Applying a learning organizational framework, we developed and implemented a project management toolkit (PMT) that includes a management process flowchart, a cyclical center-specific schedule of activities, periodic reporting and communication, and center-specific monitoring and evaluation metrics. Results The PMT was successfully deployed during year one of the project with effective component implementation occurring through periodic cycles of dissemination and feedback to local center project managers. A specific evaluation was conducted 1 year after study initiation to obtain enrollment data, evaluate individual quality control management plans, and undertake risk log assessments and follow-up. Pilot data obtained identified areas in which centers required mentoring, strengthening, and capacity development. Strategies were implemented to improve project goals and operational capacity through local problem solving, conducting quality control checks and following compliancy with study aims. Moving forward, centers will perform quarterly evaluations and initiate strengthening measures as required. Conclusion The PMT has fostered the development of both strategic and operational capacity across project centers. Investment in project management resources is essential to ensuring high-quality, impactful health research in low- and middle-income countries.
Prepulse inhibition inDrosophila melanogasterlarvae
Authors: Matsumoto Yutaro , Shimizu Kazuya , Arahata Kota , Suzuki Miku , Shimizu Akira , Takei Koki , Yamauchi Junji , Hakeda-Suzuki Satoko , Suzuki Takashi , Morimoto Takako 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTThe neural mechanisms of psychiatric diseases like autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia have been intensively studied, and a number of candidate genes have been identified. However, the relationship between genes and neural system functioning remains unclear. Model organisms may serve as a powerful tool for addressing this question due to the availability of established genetic tools. Here, we report prepulse inhibition (PPI) in Drosophila larvae for the first time. PPI is a neurological phenomenon found in humans and other organisms and is used in the diagnosis of schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders. A weaker prestimulus (prepulse) inhibits the reaction to a subsequent strong, startling stimulus (pulse). Using the larval startle response to the buzz of a predator (wasp), we examined PPI in wild-type flies and two mutants: an fmr1 mutant, which is implicated in Fragile X syndrome, and a centaurin gamma 1A (CenG1A) mutant, which is associated with GTPase, PH, ArfGAP, and ANK domains and implicated in autism. Both mutants showed decreased PPI, whereas, interestingly, double mutants showed substantial PPI. The PPI phenomenon described here can provide a useful tool for the study of neural mechanisms of synaptic modification and psychiatric diseases.
The class I myosin MYO1D binds to lipid and protects against colitis
Authors: McAlpine William , Wang Kuan-wen , Choi Jin Huk , San Miguel Miguel , McAlpine Sarah Grace , Russell Jamie , Ludwig Sara , Li Xiaohong , Tang Miao , Zhan Xiaoming , Choi Mihwa , Wang Tao , Bu Chun Hui , Murray Anne R. , Moresco Eva Marie Y. , Turer Emre E. , Beutler Bruce 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
Myosin ID (MYO1D) is a member of the class I myosin family. We screened 48,649 third generation (G3) germline mutant mice derived from N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-mutagenized grandsires for intestinal homeostasis abnormalities after oral administration of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). We found and validated mutations in Myo1d as a cause of increased susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis. MYO1D is produced in the intestinal epithelium, and the colitis phenotype is dependent on the nonhematopoietic compartment of the mouse. Moreover, MYO1D appears to couple cytoskeletal elements to lipid in an ATP-dependent manner. These findings demonstrate that MYO1D is needed to maintain epithelial integrity and protect against DSS-induced colitis.
Association between intensity of STI screening and development of antimicrobial resistance in N. gonorrhoeae in 12 cities in the USA: An ecological study
Authors: Kenyon Chris R. 
Published: September 2018

In this study, we assessed if there was a city-level association between sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening intensity in men who have sex with men and antimicrobial sensitivity inNeisseria gonorrhoeaein the United States, 2007 to 2013. We found positive associations between STI screening intensity and increases in minimum inhibitory concentrations for cefixime and azithromycin, but not ceftriaxone.
A descriptive study of potential participant preferences for the design of an incentivised weight loss programme for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending a public hospital in Lima, Peru
Authors: Akehurst Harold , Pesantes M. Amalia , Cornejo S. del Pilar , Manrique Katty , Lazo-Porras Maria , Portocarrero Jill , Diez-Canseco Francisco , Bernabe-Ortiz Antonio , Trujillo Antonio J. , Miranda J. Jaime 
Published: September 2018

Background: Weight loss is important for the control of type 2 diabetes mellitus but is difficult to achieve and sustain. Programmes employing financial incentives have been successful in areas such as smoking cessation. However, the optimum design for an incentivised programme for weight loss is undetermined, and may depend on social, cultural and demographic factors. Methods: An original questionnaire was designed whose items addressed respondent personal and health characteristics, and preferences for a hypothetical incentivised weight loss programme. One hundred people with type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited to complete the questionnaire from the endocrinology clinic of a public hospital in Lima, Peru. A descriptive analysis of responses was performed. Results: Ninety-five percent of subjects who had previously attempted to lose weight had found this either 'difficult' or 'very difficult'. Eighty-five percent of subjects would participate in an incentivised weight loss programme. Median suggested incentive for 1 kg weight loss every 2 weeks over 9 months was PEN 100 (~USD $30). Cash was preferred by 70% as payment method. Only 56% of subjects would participate in a deposit-contract scheme, and the median suggested deposit amount was PEN 20 (~USD $6). Eighty percent of subjects would share the incentive with a helper, and family members were the most common choice of helper. Conclusions: The challenge of achieving and sustaining weight loss is confirmed in this setting. Direct cash payments of PEN 100 were generally preferred, with substantial scope for involving a co-participant with whom the incentive could be shared. Employing direct financial incentives in future weight loss programmes appears to be widely acceptable among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Calming a storm
Authors: Redman Lesley 
Published: September 2018

Lesley Redman considers the importance of oral desensitisation in relation to dementia and additional needs Aim This article aims to describe the correct and effective use of desensitizing techniques Objectives Recognise techniques used in desensitising situations Explain how techniques used can be the difference in compliance and non compliance Discuss the best way to apply desensitising techniques. This article meets GDC development outcome A