bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BMP and mTOR signaling in heterotopic ossification: Does their crosstalk provide therapeutic opportunities?
Authors: Wu Jianhui , Ren Bowen , Shi Fuli , Hua Ping , Lin Hui 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHeterotopic ossification (HO) refers to the pathological formation of ectopic bone in soft tissues, it occurs following severe trauma or in patients with a rare genetic disorder known as fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. The pathological process of HO formation is a two‐step mechanism: inflammation and destruction of connective tissues, followed by bone formation. The latter is further subdivided into three stages: fibroproliferation/angiogenesis, chondrogenesis, and osteogenesis. Currently, therapeutic options for HO are limited. New potential therapeutics will most likely arise from a more detailed understanding of the signaling pathways implicated in each stage of ectopic bone formation and molecular targets that may be effective at both the early and late stages of HO. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is believed to play a key role in the overall HO process. Recently, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway has received attention as a critical pathway for chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, and HO. Inhibition of mTOR signaling has been shown to block trauma‐induced and genetic HO. Intriguingly, recent studies have revealed crosstalk between mTOR and BMP signaling. Moreover, mTOR has emerged as a factor involved in the early hypoxic and inflammatory stages of HO. We will summarize the current knowledge of the roles of mTOR and BMP signaling in HO, with a particular focus on the crosstalk between mTOR and BMP signaling. We also discuss the activation of AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) by the most widely used drug for type 2 diabetes, metformin, which exerts a dual negative regulatory effect on mTOR and BMP signaling, suggesting that metformin is a promising drug treatment for HO. The discovery of an mTOR‐BMP signaling network may be a potential molecular mechanism of HO and may represent a novel therapeutic target for the pharmacological control of HO.
Investigating the reliability of suicide attempt history reporting across five measures: A study of US military service members at risk of suicide
Authors: Hom Melanie A. , Stanley Ian H. , Duffy Mary E. , Rogers Megan L. , Hanson Jetta E. , Gutierrez Peter M. , Joiner Thomas E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveUtilizing a sample of military service members at risk of suicide, this study aimed to: (a) identify patterns of suicide attempt (SA) history reporting across five measures and (b) evaluate whether consistent SA reporters (i.e., individuals who consistently report an SA history across measures) differ from inconsistent SA reporters on other clinical severity indices.MethodParticipants (N = 984) completed five validated SA history measures and self‐report psychiatric symptom measures.ResultsOf the sample, 35.4% inconsistently responded to SA history measures. Inconsistent reporters disclosed more severe suicide threat histories than consistent reporters. On all other clinical severity indices, inconsistent reporters evinced either less severe or comparable symptom levels.ConclusionsA nontrivial portion of service members may respond inconsistently to different assessments of SA history. Research is needed to identify factors that account for inconsistent SA history reporting and to improve the accuracy of SA history assessments among military personnel.
Loss of G3BP1 suppresses proliferation, migration, and invasion of esophageal cancer cells via Wnt/β‐catenin and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways
Authors: Zhang Li‐Na , Zhao Lei , Yan Xin‐Long , Huang Ying‐Hui 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAccumulating evidence suggests that Ras GTPase‐activating protein SH3 domain‐binding protein 1 (G3BP1) is very crucial to regulate tumorigenesis and metastasis. Recently, many research works have suggested that G3BP1 is overexpressed in many human cancers including esophageal cancer. Nevertheless, the functional roles of G3BP1 in esophageal cancer are still unknown. Here, the results suggested that silencing of G3BP1 inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of esophageal cancer cells, whereas overexpression of G3BP1 led to opposite effects on the growth and metastasis. Surprisingly, G3BP1‐depletion had no effect on cell death but caused the arrest of cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase and increased the levels of p53 and p21. In addition, loss of G3BP1 led to a significant elevation of E‐cadherin and decrease of N‐cadherin, Vimentin, Snail, MMP‐9, and MMP‐2. Mechanistically, loss of G3BP1 dramatically suppressed Wnt‐stimulated T‐cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) transcription factor activity and downregulated its target genes including c‐Myc, Axin2, and cyclin D1. Moreover, knockdown of G3BP1 downregulated the expression levels of p‐PI3K, p‐AKT, and p‐GSK‐3β, but the total PI3K, AKT, and GSK‐3β were not changed. Furthermore, our data proved that the promoting effects of G3BP1‐overexpression on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion could be rescued by PI3K inhibitor LY294002 treatment. Collectively, our results here elucidate that G3BP1‐depletion suppresses proliferation, migration, and invasion capabilities of esophageal cancer cells via the inactivation of Wnt/β‐catenin and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Furthermore, our findings imply that G3BP1 can participate in the regulation of esophageal cancer progression, and will be taken as a promising target to treat esophageal cancer.
Biomechanical properties of red blood cells infected by Plasmodium berghei ANKA
Authors: Kwon Sangwoo , Lee Dong‐Hun , Han Se‐Jik , Yang Woochul , Quan Fu‐Shi , Kim Kyung Sook 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMalaria is a pathogenic disease in mammal species and typically causes destruction of red blood cells (RBCs). The malaria‐infected RBCs undergoes alterations in morphology and its rheological properties, and the altered rheological properties of RBCs have a significant impact on disease pathophysiology. In this study, we investigated detailed topological and biomechanical properties of RBCs infected with malaria Plasmodium berghei ANKA using atomic force microscopy. Mouse (BALB/c) RBCs were obtained on Days 4, 10, and 14 after infection. We found that malaria‐infected RBCs changed significantly in shape. The RBCs maintained a biconcave disk shape until Day 4 after infection and then became lopsided on Day 7 after infection. The central region of RBCs began to swell beginning on Day 10 after infection. More schizont stages were present on Days 10 and 14 compared with on Day 4. The malaria‐infected RBCs also showed changes in mechanical properties and the cytoskeleton. The stiffness of infected RBCs increased 4.4–4.6‐fold and their cytoskeletal F‐actin level increased 18.99–67.85% compared with the control cells. The increase in F‐actin depending on infection time was in good agreement with the increased stiffness of infected RBCs. Because more schizont stages were found at a late period of infection at Days 10 and 14, the significant changes in biomechanical properties might contribute to the destruction of RBCs, possibly resulting in the release of merozoites into the blood circulation.
Exploratory study of geometric distortion correction of prostate diffusion‐weighted imaging using B0 map acquisition
Authors: Tong Angela , Lemberskiy Gregory , Huang Chenchan , Shanbhogue Krishna , Feiweier Thorsten , Rosenkrantz Andrew B. 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundEvaluation of prostate MRI relies on diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI), commonly distorted by susceptibility artifacts, thereby creating a need for approaches to correct such distortion.PurposeTo compare geometric distortion on prostate MRI between standard DWI and a geometric distortion correction method for DWI described as static distortion correction DWI (SDC DWI).Study TypeRetrospective case study.PopulationThirty patients (ages 31–81 years) undergoing prostate MRI.SequenceGeometric distortions from echo planar imaging were corrected with the SDC DWI protocol, which first acquires a B0‐field map to estimate geometric distortions.AssessmentContours of the prostate were placed on axial T2‐weighted imaging (T2WI) as an anatomic standard. Pixel shifts and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were compared between prostate contours applied to the SDC DWI and standard DWI sequences. Detailed characterization of the impact of SDC DWI was performed in three representative patients.Statistical TestsOne‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, Spearman correlation test, and Bland–Altman plots were calculated.ResultsThere was significantly greater overlap of the SDC DWI prostate region of interest (ROI) with T2WI than standard DWI with T2WI (10.56 cm2 ± 3.14, P < 0.05). R2 of ADC values from standard DWI vs. SDC DWI in the 30 patients ranged from 0.02–0.94 (mean 0.60). A patient without susceptibility artifact demonstrated minimal pixel shift ranging from 0.6–1.3 mm and high correlation of ADC values (R2 = 0.89) between SDC DWI and standard DWI. A patient with rectal gas showed greater pixel shift (range: –2.5 to –0.5 mm) and less ADC value correlation (R2 = 0.69). A patient with a pelvic phlebolith adjacent to the prostate showed an even greater pixel shift (range: 10–16 mm) and decreased ADC correlation (R2 = 0.21).Data ConclusionSDC DWI appears to correct for susceptibility‐related pixel shifts in the prostate compared with standard DWI, which may have value for assessing prostate lesions obscured by geometric warping.Level of Evidence 4Technical Efficacy Stage 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:1614–1619.
Electric modeling and characterization of pulsed high‐voltage nanoelectrospray ionization sources by a miniature ion trap mass spectrometer
Authors: Xu Zuqiang , Wu Hanyan , Tang Yang , Xu Wei , Zhai Yanbing 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA better understanding of nanoelectrospray ionization (nano‐ESI) would be beneficial in further improving the performances of nano‐ESI. In this work, the pulsed high‐voltage (HV) nano‐ESI has been electrically modeled and then systematically characterized by both voltage‐current and mass spectrometry measurements. First, the equivalent resistance of a nano‐ESI source changes with respect to both emitter tip diameter and the HV applied. Increased voltage could improve both spray current and ionization efficiency of the pulsed HV nano‐ESI. Compared with conventional DC HV method, a pulsed HV has less heating effect on the capillary tip and thus allowing the application of a much higher voltage onto a nano‐ESI source. As a result, a pulsed HV nano‐ESI could further boost the ionization efficiency of nano‐ESI by employing even higher voltages than conventional DC nano‐ESI sources.
Curaxin CBL0137 has the potential to reverse HIV‐1 latency
Authors: Jean Maxime J. , Zhou Dawei , Fiches Guillaume , Kong Weili , Huang Huachao , Purmal Andrei , Gurova Katerina , Santoso Netty G. , Zhu Jian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA cure for human immunodeficiency virus type‐1 (HIV‐1) has been hampered by the limitation of current combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) to address the latent reservoirs in HIV‐1 patients. One strategy proposed to eradicate these reservoirs is the “shock and kill” approach, where latency‐reversing agents (LRAs) are used to reactivate and promote viral cell death and/or immune killing of reactivated cells. Here, we report that curaxin CBL0137, an antitumor compound, can potentiate tumor necrosis factor‐α‐mediated reactivation of latently infected HIV‐1cell lines. Additionally, the single use of CBL0137 is sufficient to reactivate HIV‐1 latent reservoirs in peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from HIV‐1 positive, cART‐treated, aviremic patients. Thus, CBL0137 possesses capabilities as a LRA and could be considered for the “shock and kill” approach.
OLED display incorporating organic photodiodes for fingerprint imaging
Authors: Kamada Taisuke , Hatsumi Ryo , Watanabe Kazunori , Kawashima Susumu , Katayama Masahiro , Adachi Hiroki , Ishitani Tetsuji , Kusunoki Koji , Kubota Daisuke , Yamazaki Shunpei 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper introduces and demonstrates a display that incorporates an organic image sensor formed in the same pixel as organic light‐emitting diodes through side‐by‐side patterning. The potential applications of this display include touch sensing, scanning, and fingerprint identification at any location on the entire display screen, without the necessity of an external module.
α‐Tocopherol, but Not γ‐Tocopherol, Attenuates the Expression of Selective Tumor Necrosis Factor‐Alpha‐Induced Genes in Primary Human Aortic Cell Lines
Authors: Ranard Katherine M. , Kuchan Matthew J. , Erdman Jr John W. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOf the antioxidant vitamin E isoforms, α‐tocopherol (αT) and γ‐tocopherol (γT) are the most abundant in the human diet, and αT is consumed from both natural and synthetic sources. αT and γT may differentially impact inflammation and influence cardiovascular outcomes, in part by modulating gene expression. The goal of this study was to compare the effects of natural αT, synthetic αT, and γT on gene expression in two human cell lines. Human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMC) and endothelial cells (HAEC) were either: (1) treated with 25 μM tocopherols alone, or (2) pretreated with tocopherols prior to a pro‐inflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor‐alpha, TNF‐α) stimulation. The expression of atherosclerosis‐related genes was measured using RT2 Profiler PCR arrays. Tocopherol treatments alone did not significantly modulate the expression of genes in unstimulated HASMC or HAEC. TNF‐α stimulation significantly upregulated genes involved with apoptosis and stress response in both cell lines. Pretreating cells with tocopherols did not normalize the gene expression changes induced by TNF‐α. However, αT pretreatments, but not γT pretreatments, attenuated TNF expression in both HASMC and HAEC. These findings suggest that under stimulated conditions, αT modestly modulates the expression of selective genes and that αT may be more anti‐inflammatory than γT.
Oxidation‐led decomposition of hexagonal boron nitride coatings on alloy substrates at 900 °C: Ti‐6Al‐4V
Authors: Fleming Christopher 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) coatings on Ti‐6Al‐4V substrates undergo complete decomposition in air at 900 °C. This fate is similar to that of this ceramic material on chromia‐former alloys, and unlike that of a mass of powder treated in isolation. As the ceramic and alloy oxidize concurrently, outwardly diffusing aluminum (III) ions but not the predominant titanium (IV) ions react with the boron trioxide that forms around the h‐BN basal plane peripheries. Resultant aluminum borate is incorporated into the growing scale and the boron trioxide diffusion barrier is depleted. By this mechanism, the oxidation of h‐BN is maintained at an enhanced rate, until both this material and its oxide completely decompose. Liberated nitrogen from the oxidation of h‐BN can enter the underlying scale as a randomly distributed solute in rutile solid solution. The post‐coating oxide‐atmosphere interface comprises elongated aluminum borate crystallites protruding through at the boundaries between 3–5 at% nitrogen‐doped rutile grains. It differs significantly from that of oxidized, uncoated Ti‐6Al‐4V, which is occupied by a thin α‐alumina layer atop rutile. This interface does not change with an additional 72 h of heat‐treatment.
Developing Precautionary Reference Points for Fishery Management Using Robust Control Theory: Application to the Chesapeake Bay Blue Crab Callinectes sapidus Fishery
Authors: Wilberg Michael J. , Woodward Richard T. , Huang Pei , Tomberlin David 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Most efforts to establish precautionary guidelines for fisheries management use essentially ad hoc impressions as to what constitutes conservative management. Such approaches, however, fail to take into account the magnitude of the uncertainty about particular systems. One alternative approach to precautionary management is robust control, in which decision makers attempt to maximize an outcome under the assumption that the conditions will be worse than expected. In this paper, we apply a robust optimization approach to estimate the maximum sustainable yield and other reference points for the Chesapeake Bay blue crab Callinectes sapidus fishery. This approach is relatively easy to implement in standard stock assessment models that use a maximum-likelihood approach to estimate model parameters. In addition, it has the advantage that a standard level of precaution can be chosen by decision makers and then applied to different fisheries with vastly different levels of data and analysis.
Prolyl oligopeptidase regulates progesterone secretion via the ERK signaling pathway in murine luteal cells
Authors: Xu Ping , Bao Riqiang , Zhang Yaqiong , Lu Enhang , Feng Fen , Zhang Luyin , Li Jiaheng , Wang Jing , Tan Ximin , Tang Min , Hu Chuan , Li Gang , Zhang Chunping 
Published: April 2019

AbstractProlyl oligopeptidase (POP), one of the most widely distributed serine endopeptidases, is highly expressed in the ovaries. However, the physiological role of POP in the ovaries is not clear. In this study, we investigated the significance of POP in the corpus luteum. Murine luteal cells were cultured in vitro and treated with a POP selective inhibitor, (2S)‐1[[(2
S)‐1‐(1‐oxo‐4‐phenylbutyl)‐2‐pyrrolidinyl carbonyl]‐2‐pyrrolidinecarbonitrile (KYP‐2047). We found that KYP‐2047 treatment decreased progesterone secretion. In contrast, POP overexpression increased progesterone secretion. Three essential steroidogenic enzymes, including p450 cholesterol side‐chain cleavage enzyme (CYP11A), 3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β‐HSD), and the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), were regulated by POP. Further studies showed that POP overexpression increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation and increased the expression of steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1), while KYP‐2047 treatment decreased ERK1/2 phosphorylation and SF1 expression. To clarify the role of ERK1/2 signaling in POP‐regulated progesterone synthesis, U0126‐EtOH, an inhibitor of the ERK signaling pathway, was used to treat luteal cells. We found that U0126‐EtOH decreased progesterone production and the expression of steroidogenic enzymes and SF1. POP overexpression did not reverse the effects of U0126‐EtOH. Overall, POP regulates progesterone secretion by stimulating the expression of CYP11A, 3β‐HSD, and StAR in luteal cells. ERK signaling and downstream SF1 expression contribute to this process.
Clinical utility of RNA sequencing to resolve unusual GNE myopathy with a novel promoter deletion
Authors: Chakravorty Samya , Berger Kiera , Arafat Dalia , Nallamilli Babi Ramesh Reddy , Subramanian Hari Prasanna , Joseph Soumya , Anderson Mary E. , Campbell Kevin P. , Glass Jonathan , Gibson Greg , Hegde Madhuri 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTIntroduction: UDP N‐acetylglucosamine2‐epimerase/N‐acetylmannosamine‐kinase (GNE) gene mutations can cause mostly autosomal‐recessive myopathy with juvenile‐onset known as hereditary inclusion‐body myopathy (HIBM). Methods: We describe a family of a patient showing an unusual HIBM with both vacuolar myopathy and myositis without quadriceps‐sparing, hindering diagnosis. We show how genetic testing with functional assays, clinical transcriptome sequencing (RNA‐seq) in particular, helped facilitate both the diagnosis and a better understanding of the genotype‐phenotype relationship. Results: We identified a novel 7.08 kb pathogenic deletion upstream of GNE using array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and a common Val727Met variant. Using RNA‐seq, we found only monoallelic (Val727Met‐allele) expression, leading to ~50% GNE reduction in muscle. Importantly, α‐dystroglycan is hypoglycosylated in the patient muscle, suggesting HIBM could be a “dystroglycanopathy.” Conclusions: Our study shows the importance of considering aCGH for GNE‐myopathies, and the potential of RNA‐seq for faster, definitive molecular diagnosis of unusual myopathies. Muscle Nerve, 2019
Updated cerebrospinal fluid total protein reference values improve chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy diagnosis
Authors: Breiner Ari , Bourque Pierre R. , Allen Jeffrey A. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionRecent literature has concluded that cerebrospinal fluid total protein (CSF‐TP) upper reference limits (URL) should be higher than 45 mg/dl and stratified by age.MethodsData‐driven URLs were applied to the analysis of a cohort of patients with correctly and incorrectly diagnosed chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). Descriptive statistics were calculated, and exploratory analyses were used to test the impact of different CSF‐TP URLs on sensitivity and specificity of CIDP diagnosis.ResultsThe adoption of higher and age‐dependent CSF‐TP URLs reduced the sensitivity of CSF analysis slightly (from 95% to 84%‐86%); however, the overall CIDP detection rate was unchanged. Twelve of 36 (33%) false‐positive diagnoses occurred with CSF‐TP elevation as the sole supportive criteria. By applying updated CSF‐TP URLs, the specificity of CSF analysis increased from 39% to 57%‐64%.DiscussionImplementation of data‐driven CSF‐TP URLs improves CIDP diagnostic specificity without compromising sensitivity, thereby lessening CIDP misdiagnosis. Muscle Nerve 60: 180–183, 2019
How cure rates drive patients' preference for urethral bulking agent or mid‐urethral sling surgery as therapy for stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Casteleijn Fenne M. , Enklaar Rosa A. , El Bouyahyaoui Ikram , Jeffery Stephen , Zwolsman Sandra E. , Roovers Jan‐Paul W.R. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimsTo assess the patients' median‐accepted threshold of cure rate for urethral bulking agent (UBA) treatment compared to mid‐urethral sling (MUS) surgery for treatment of female stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Secondly, to determine the correlation between treatment trade‐off point and patient characteristics.MethodsWomen older than 18 years, with predominant SUI, seeking treatment, underwent a structured interview. The treatment trade‐off point was determined in scenario one: UBA vs transobturator standard MUS surgery (SMUS) performed under general/spinal anesthesia with one‐night hospital stay, and scenario 2: UBA compared to single‐incision MUS surgery (SIMS) performed under local analgesia (with sedation) in a daycare setting. The treatment trade‐off point was assessed by decreasing the cure rate of UBA from 85% to 10% with steps of 2% until the patient's treatment preference switched to SMUS/SIMS.ResultsOne hundred and five patients were interviewed. Mean age was 52 years (SD, ±13.4). The median trade‐off point for scenarios 1 and 2 was 79% (interquartile range [IQR]: 69, 85) and 85% (IQR: 71, 85), respectively. Patients with longer duration of SUI symptoms were willing to trade more efficacy to prefer UBA treatment.ConclusionsPatients with SUI are willing to trade a lower cure rate to prefer UBA over SMUS to avoid hospitalization and general anesthesia. When SIMS is performed in a daycare setting under local analgesia, the majority of patients with SUI are of the opinion that cure rates of UBA should be at least as high as SIMS to be worth considering. The treatment preference is not strongly correlated with the patients' characteristics.
Nutrition Status and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Can We Move Beyond the Body Mass Index?
Authors: Raad Samih , Smith Cheryl , Allen Karen 
Published: April 2019

AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represents an important global public health concern. Malnutrition is common in patients with COPD and often leads to worse outcomes for these patients. Recognition of overall nutrition status for patients with COPD is an important aspect of their care and treatment. Several methods have been studied that move beyond the standard/frequent use of body mass index alone. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current evidence for other tools to evaluate nutrition status in patients with COPD and highlight patients who may benefit from nutrition interventions.