bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the association between late spring Gulf of Mexico sea surface temperatures and U.S. Gulf Coast precipitation extremes with focus on Hurricane Harvey
Authors: Russell Brook T. , Risser Mark D. , Smith Richard L. , Kunkel Kenneth E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHurricane Harvey brought extreme levels of rainfall to the Houston, Texas, area over a 7‐day period in August 2017, resulting in catastrophic flooding that caused loss of human life and damage to personal property and public infrastructure. In the wake of this event, there has been interest in understanding the degree to which this event was unusual and estimating the probability of experiencing a similar event in other locations. Additionally, researchers have aimed to better understand the ways in which the sea surface temperature (SST) in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) is associated with precipitation extremes in this region. This work addresses all of these issues through the development of a multivariate spatial extreme value model.Our analysis indicates that warmer GoM SSTs are associated with higher precipitation extremes in the western Gulf Coast region during hurricane season and that the precipitation totals observed during Hurricane Harvey are less unusual based on the warm GoM SST in 2017. As SSTs in the GoM are expected to steadily increase over the remainder of this century, this analysis suggests that western Gulf Coast locations may experience more severe precipitation extremes during hurricane season.
Energy storage requirements to address wind energy variability
Authors: Boretti Alberto 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAim of this contribution is to show the variability of wind farm capacity factors (the actual generation power vs the nominal power) to highlight the needs of energy storage. Low‐frequency (monthly and annual values) cases are shown for wind farms in the continental United States, and high‐frequency (5 minutes values) cases are shown for south east Australia (all of Australia excluding Western Australia and Northern Territory). In the United States, wind farms produce electricity on average over a year at a rate of around 30% to 35% of the capacity but with strong variability, seasonal and interannual, between different techno‐resource group (TRG) areas for wind resource and within the same wind energy resource TRG area. In south east Australia, the annual average capacity factors from wind are around 30% to 35%. There are many days every month where the average capacity factors may exceed 60% but also drop below 10%, sometimes about 5%. The proposed results make even stronger the case for energy storage facilities, if integration with conventional energy resources is not welcomed.
Zircon U–Pb geochronology, mineral and whole‐rock geochemistry of the Khardung volcanics, Ladakh Himalaya, India: Implications for Late Cretaceous to Palaeogene continental arc magmatism
Authors: Lakhan Nongmaithem , Singh Athokpam Krishnakanta , Singh Birendra Pratap , Sen Koushik , Singh Mutum Rajanikanta , Khogenkumar Shoraisam , Singhal Saurabh , Oinam Govind 
Published: July 2019

In this study, we present new mineral and whole‐rock geochemical data with zircon U–Pb ages of the Khardung volcanics (KV) from the western Himalaya and discuss their tectono‐magmatic evolution. These volcanics are sandwiched between the Ladakh batholith and Karakoram batholith and classified as intermediate volcanics (basaltic andesite‐andesite) and felsic volcanics (dacite‐rhyolite). The intermediate volcanics are marked by low SiO2 (52.80–61.31 wt.%), enriched LREEs, and depleted HFSEs (Nb, Ti, Zr), whereas more evolved felsic volcanics exhibit quartz, K‐feldspar, and plagioclase as dominant mineral phases and felsic compositions are characterized by high SiO2 (64.52–79.19 wt.%) content with pronounced negative Eu anomalies, enriched LREEs, and depleted HREEs and HFSEs (Nb, Ti). New zircon U–Pb ages of intermediate volcanics (andesite) yield 69.71 Ma, whereas felsic volcanics (rhyolites) range between 62.49 and 66.55 Ma, indicating that the Khardung magmatism overlaps with the last phase of the Ladakh batholith magmatism. Geochemical characteristics indicate that the KV were generated from a same parental magma source through fractional crystallization along with crustal assimilation from an older crust, and they show genetic affinity with the adjacent Ladakh batholith. Therefore, the KV and Ladakh batholith could be considered as a product of the mature stage arc magmatism generated during subduction of the Neo‐Tethyan oceanic crust prior to the main collision between the Indian and Eurasian continents.
In vivo monitoring of thrombosis in mice by optical coherence tomography
Authors: Yu Yao , Yu Menghan , Liu Jian , Ding Ning , Huang Jiangmei , Wan Dong , Zhao Yuliang , Ma Zhenhe 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study is to establish a novel method for continuously monitoring thrombus progression with various outcome measures and to assess the efficacy of antithrombotic drugs in murine thrombosis model in mice. In the study, thrombus was induced in the femoral vein of mice by FeCl3 and monitored over time by spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). Three‐dimensional images of thrombi with or without heparin as an antithrombotic agent were obtained from OCT angiography. In addition, several parameters of thrombi were analyzed and compared between control and anticoagulant groups. By using OCT, we were able to trace thrombus generation in the same mouse in real time. We found that in our model heparin reduced thrombus size by ~60% and thrombus cross‐sectional area by 50%. OCT results also show that both time to thrombus size (>0.02mm3) and time to occlusion (>30%) were significantly reduced after heparin addition. This study demonstrates that OCT reliably monitors thrombus generation and progression from various aspects including thrombus size. This enables us to measure the kinetic of thrombosis more accurately, and effectively evaluate the efficacy and activities of antithrombotic drugs. This model may represent a useful tool in antithrombotic drug discoveries in preclinical studies.
Identification of a potential prognostic lncRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA signature in endometrial cancer based on the competing endogenous RNA network
Authors: Wang Yiwei , Huang Ting , Sun Xiao , Wang Yudong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEndometrial cancer is one of the most common gynecological malignant tumors. The roles of competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) in this disease, however, remain unclear. In this study, we constructed a ceRNA network to reveal the core ceRNAs in endometrial cancer. Differentially expressed genes were summarized from The Cancer Genome Atlas database, whereupon 140 genes were identified for building the network. Further correlation, survival, and enrichment analyses suggested that these genes may help towards elucidating the molecular mechanisms of endometrial cancer. After validation of the findings with the GSE17025 data set, LINC00958, microRNA‐761, and DOLPP1 were highlighted as the critical genes in the ceRNA network. Our work suggests that LINC00958 may regulate DOLPP1 by “sponging” miR‐761 in endometrial cancer.
Aberrant Kank1 expression regulates YAP to promote apoptosis and inhibit proliferation in OSCC
Authors: Fan Hui , Tian Hao , Cheng Xiang , Chen Yanan , Liang Shoujian , Zhang Zhenjian , Liao Yong , Xu Pu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe kidney ankyrin repeat‐containing protein 1 (Kank1) gene is one of the most important members of the KANK family. Kank1 has hybridity deletion and promoter methylation in the cancer tissues of the brain, lung, kidney and the corresponding cell lines, leading to downregulation of the gene expression. Meanwhile, Kank1 also plays a key role in the occurrence and development of various types of tumors, suggesting that Kank1 may be an anti‐oncogene. However, its role and the potential mechanisms in the Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) remain unclear. We examined the expression of Kank1 in OSCC tissues and explored its clinical significance. In addition, we investigated the effects of Kank1 on the biological behavior of OSCC cells and their specific molecular mechanisms. We found that Kank1 was poorly expressed in OSCC tissues and it is correlated with the OSCC stage and the patient's poor prognosis. By overexpression of Kank1, we found that the proliferation ability of the OSCC cells decreased both in vitro and in vivo, the proportion of apoptotic cells increased, and the mitochondrial transmembrane potential decreased. In terms of the molecular mechanism, we confirmed that Kank1 could inhibit the occurrence of OSCC by regulating Yap to inhibit the proliferation and promote apoptosis of the OSCC cells. Moreover, it was found that the overexpression of YAP reversed those effects caused by Kank1 overexpression on the OSCC cells. In conclusion, the research indicated that Kank1 might play an anti‐oncogenic role in OSCC and it could be considered to be a target for the diagnosis and the treatment of OSCC.
Nitrification and aerobic denitrification in solid phase denitrification systems with various biodegradable carriers for ammonium‐contaminated water purification
Authors: Feng Lijuan , Pi Shuangyu , Zhu Wenzhuo , Wang Xiaomeng , Xu Xiangyang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDSolid phase denitrification (SPD) has achieved efficient performance mostly under anoxic conditions for nitrate reduction, while it has few applications in achieving simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) for ammonium nitrogen (NH4+‐N)‐rich water treatment. This study attempted to develop aerobic SPD systems with three alkali‐pretreated biodegradable carriers (rice husk, pomelo peel and durian peel).RESULTSThe three carriers all achieved much higher average nitrogen removal rates (0.56–0.68 mg NH4+‐N L−1 h−1, 0.06–0.50 mg total nitrogen (TN) L−1 h−1) than those of the control reactor without carriers (0.18 mg NH4+‐N L−1 h−1, <0.01 mg TN L−1 h−1) at a dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration of 2.5 mg L−1, and no decline in SND efficiency occurred when the DO level increased to 7.5 mg L−1. However, the aerobic denitrification efficiency was reduced with declining organic availability of the biodegradable carrier. Durian peel carrier exhibited the most efficient TN removal performance and the longest efficiently stable stage owing to its higher carbon content, and a lower DO concentration of 2.5 mg L−1 was helpful for achieving a longer efficiently stable stage. There were significant differences in the dominant bacteria attached to the three biofilm carriers. Meanwhile, higher enrichment of nirS‐type than nirK‐type denitrifier diversity was found, especially at a higher DO level, and 18 new aerobic denitrifiers were identified.CONCLUSIONThe aerobic SPD system could achieve efficient nitrification and denitrification, which was strongly affected by the organic availability of the biodegradable carrier. Therefore, aerobic SPD could be considered as an attractive technology for nitrogen removal in ammonium‐rich water and wastewater. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Iron‐sulfur cluster ISD11 deficiency (LYRM4 gene) presenting as cardiorespiratory arrest and 3‐methylglutaconic aciduria
Authors: Coelho Margarida Paiva , Correia Joana , Dias Aureliano , Nogueira Célia , Bandeira Anabela , Martins Esmeralda , Vilarinho Laura 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn the era of genomics, the number of genes linked to mitochondrial disease has been quickly growing, producing massive knowledge on mitochondrial biochemistry. LYRM4 gene codifies for ISD11, a small protein (11 kDa) acting as an iron‐sulfur cluster, that has been recently confirmed as a disease‐causing gene for mitochondrial disorders. We present a 4‐year‐old girl patient, born from non‐consanguineous healthy parents, with two episodes of cardiorespiratory arrest after respiratory viral illness with progressive decreased activity and lethargy, at the age of 2 and 3 years. She was asymptomatic between crisis with regular growth and normal development. During acute events of illness, she had hyperlactacidemia (maximum lactate 5.2 mmol/L) and urinary excretion of ketone bodies and 3‐methylglutaconic acid, which are normalized after recovery. A Next Generation Sequence approach with a broad gene panel designed for mitochondrial disorders revealed a novel probably pathogenic variant in homozygosity in the LYRM4 gene [p.Tyr31Cys (c.92A>G)] with Mendelian segregation. Functional studies in the skeletal muscle confirmed a combined deficiency of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (I, II, and IV complexes). To our knowledge, this is the third case of LYRM4 deficiency worldwide and the first with 3‐methylglutaconic aciduria, not reported in any Fe‐S cluster deficiency. Remarkably, it appears to be no neurological involvement so far, only with life‐threating acute crisis triggered by expectably benign autolimited illnesses. Respiratory chain cofactors and chaperones are a new field of knowledge and can play a remarkable effect in system homeostasis.
A unified 3‐D ADI‐FDTD algorithm with one‐step leapfrog approach for modeling frequency‐dependent dispersive media
Authors: Xie Guoda , Huang Zhixiang , Fang Ming , Wu Xianliang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA unified 3‐D alternating‐direction‐implicit finite‐difference time‐domain algorithm with one‐step leapfrog approach is provided for analyzing the frequency‐dependent dispersive media. The dielectric parameter in the frequency domain is described by the modified Lorentz model. Simultaneously, an order reduction scheme is utilized to synchronize the auxiliary differential equations (ADE) technique with the main algorithm. The numerical cases are performed, and the results indicate that the proposed method possesses higher efficiency under allowable accuracy when compared with the analytical method and other time domain numerical schemes.
Holocene evolution of the Indian Summer Monsoon inferred from a lacustrine record of Lake Wuxu, south‐east Tibetan Plateau
Authors: WANG YONGBO , ZHANG ENLOU , SUN WEIWEI , CHANG JIE , LIU XINGQI , NI ZHENYU , NING DONGLIANG 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTA continuous sediment record since 12.3 cal ka bp from Lake Wuxu (south‐eastern Tibetan Plateau) was investigated in terms of the Holocene evolution of the Indian Summer Monsoon. The molar C/N ratio and stable C isotope were used to identify the source of the organic matter as well as climate conditions. The evolution of Lake Wuxu was summarized wihtin two periods. During the first period (early to mid‐Holocene), the lake received increased fluvially transported materials, reflecting variation in the summer monsoon with solar insolation. The lake level declined and water residence time increased because of reduced river discharge during the second period (late Holocene) corresponding to a weakening of the summer monsoon. The organic material revealed a major contribution from lake primary productivity, which showed identical patterns with a high‐resolution isotope record from Dongge Cave, as well as total solar irradiance. Our record from Lake Wuxu indicates that the Holocene evolution of the Indian Summer Monsoon has been driven by the solar forcing at decadal/centennial to millennial time scales. Furthermore, an abrupt decline in the monsoon was detected at around 4.0 cal ka bp, which is probably caused by an increased frequency of EI Nino‐Southern Oscillation events. Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antitumour effects of metformin and curcumin in human papillomavirus positive and negative head and neck cancer cells
Authors: Lindsay Cameron , Kostiuk Morris , Conrad Dustin , O’Connell Daniel A. , Harris Jeffrey , Seikaly Hadi , Biron Vincent L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) has significantly increased in recent decades due to human papillomavirus (HPV)‐mediated oncogenesis. Unfortunately, a growing number of HPV‐positive (+) OPSCC survivors are living with the irreversible side effects of treatment. The novel, well‐tolerated chemotherapeutics with improved side effect profiles are, therefore, in high demand. Metformin is one such drug, widely used as a first‐line oral agent in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Curcumin is another well‐tolerated agent quickly gaining attention for its medicinal properties. Both metformin and curcumin have been shown to display anticancer properties. This study aimed to determine the antitumor effects of these agents, individually and combined, in HPV+​​​​ ​​​and HPV‐negative (−) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines. This was achieved by assessing the efficacy of varying drug concentrations on the overall cell viability, proliferation, and expression of common HNSCC biomarkers. The results from protein and RNA expression data are highly variable, as expected, with multiple pathways being affected in cancer. 3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays and immunofluorescence microscopy suggest that both agents are capable of slowing proliferation and inducing apoptosis. We conclude that curcumin and metformin display effective antitumor effects in both HPV+ and HPV− HNSCC cell lines. The curcumin effects appear more pronounced in the HPV− cell lines. Metformin appears to be more effective at reducing the overall cell numbers in HPV+ cell lines. Metformin and curcumin combined did not appear to have synergistic effects on the proliferation or apoptosis of the treated cell lines.
Numerical approximation of the generalized regularized long wave equation using Petrov–Galerkin finite element method
Authors: Bhowmik Samir Kumar , Karakoc Seydi B. G. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe generalized regularized long wave (GRLW) equation has been developed to model a variety of physical phenomena such as ion‐acoustic and magnetohydrodynamic waves in plasma, nonlinear transverse waves in shallow water and phonon packets in nonlinear crystals. This paper aims to develop and analyze a powerful numerical scheme for the nonlinear GRLW equation by Petrov–Galerkin method in which the element shape functions are cubic and weight functions are quadratic B‐splines. The proposed method is implemented to three reference problems involving propagation of the single solitary wave, interaction of two solitary waves and evolution of solitons with the Maxwellian initial condition. The variational formulation and semi‐discrete Galerkin scheme of the equation are firstly constituted. We estimate rate of convergence of such an approximation. Using Fourier stability analysis of the linearized scheme we show that the scheme is unconditionally stable. To verify practicality and robustness of the new scheme error norms L2, L∞ and three invariants I1, I2, and I3 are calculated. The computed numerical results are compared with other published results and confirmed to be precise and effective.
Early Time‐Restricted Feeding Reduces Appetite and Increases Fat Oxidation But Does Not Affect Energy Expenditure in Humans
Authors: Ravussin Eric , Beyl Robbie A. , Poggiogalle Eleonora , Hsia Daniel S. , Peterson Courtney M. 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveEating earlier in the daytime to align with circadian rhythms in metabolism enhances weight loss. However, it is unknown whether these benefits are mediated through increased energy expenditure or decreased food intake. Therefore, this study performed the first randomized trial to determine how meal timing affects 24‐hour energy metabolism when food intake and meal frequency are matched.MethodsEleven adults with overweight practiced both early time‐restricted feeding (eTRF) (eating from 8 am to 2 pm) and a control schedule (eating from 8 am to 8 pm) for 4 days each. On the fourth day, 24‐hour energy expenditure and substrate oxidation were measured by whole‐room indirect calorimetry, in conjunction with appetite and metabolic hormones.ResultseTRF did not affect 24‐hour energy expenditure (Δ = 10 ± 16 kcal/d; P = 0.55). Despite the longer daily fast (intermittent fasting), eTRF decreased mean ghrelin levels by 32 ± 10 pg/mL (P = 0.006), made hunger more even‐keeled (P = 0.006), and tended to increase fullness (P = 0.06‐0.10) and decrease the desire to eat (P = 0.08). eTRF also increased metabolic flexibility (P = 0.0006) and decreased the 24‐hour nonprotein respiratory quotient (Δ = −0.021 ± 0.010; P = 0.05).ConclusionsMeal‐timing interventions facilitate weight loss primarily by decreasing appetite rather than by increasing energy expenditure. eTRF may also increase fat loss by increasing fat oxidation.
Do the 2015 Beers Criteria predict medication‐related harm in older adults? Analysis from a multicentre prospective study in the United Kingdom
Authors: Parekh Nikesh , Ali Khalid , Davies J. Graham , Rajkumar Chakravarthi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPurposeTo investigate whether inappropriate prescribing, defined by the Beers Criteria, is associated with medication‐related harm (MRH), hospital admission, and mortality in older adults in England.MethodsA multicentre, prospective cohort study recruited 1280 patients (median age 82 years) at hospital discharge. Patients were followed‐up in the community by pharmacists for 8 weeks to identify MRH (harm from adverse drug reactions, non‐adherence, and medication errors) and hospital admissions. One‐year mortality was determined using hospital records. Potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) were determined using the 2015 version of the Beers criteria. Logistic regression was used to investigate the relationship between patients prescribed PIMs and adverse outcomes.ResultsTwo hundred and seventy‐six patients (22%) were prescribed one or more PIMs at hospital discharge. The main PIM classes prescribed at hospital discharge were benzodiazepines and related drugs (30%) and antidepressants (27%). 1116 out of 1280 patients completed follow‐up and 413 (37%) experienced MRH. In 51 cases (12%), MRH was attributable to a PIM. There was no significant relationship between patients prescribed PIMs and overall MRH, hospital readmission or all‐cause one‐year mortality. Multiple PIMs at discharge was independently associated with an increased risk of ADR (OR 2.32, 95% CI 1.03‐5.23).ConclusionThe prescribing of PIMs is common at hospital discharge of older adults in England. The 2015 Beers criteria have a limited clinical value to predict adverse outcomes following hospital discharge in this setting.
Effect of high‐frequency oscillation on pressure delivered by high flow nasal cannula in a premature infant lung model
Authors: Rub David M. , Sivieri Emidio M. , Abbasi Soraya , Eichenwald Eric 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study describes the effect of high‐frequency oscillation on airway pressure generated by high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) in a premature infant lung model.Design/MethodsA premature in 0.5 or 1.0 mL/cmH
2O, respiratory rate (RR) of 40 or 60 breaths per min, and tidal volume of 6 mL. Oscillation was achieved by passing the HFNC supply flow through a 3‐way solenoid valve operating at 4, 6, 8, or 10 Hz. Airway pressure at the simulated trachea was recorded following equilibration of end‐tidal CO
2 both with and without oscillation.ResultsSuperimposing high‐frequency oscillations onto HFNC resulted in an average decrease in mean airway pressure of 17.9% (P = .011). The difference between the maximum and minimum airway pressures, ∆
P
min‐max, significantly increased as oscillation frequency decreased (
P < .001). Airway pressure during oscillation was 12.8% greater with the 1.0 vs the 0.5 mL/cmH
2O compliance at flows > 4 L/min (
P = .031). CO
2 clearance was 13.1% greater with the 1.0 vs 0.5 mL/cmH
2O compliance at oscillation frequencies less than 8 Hz (
P = .015).ConclusionIn this in‐vitro study we demonstrate that delivered mean airway pressure decreases when applying high‐frequency oscillation to HFNC, while still improving CO2 clearance. The combination of improved CO
2 clearance and reduced pressure delivery of this novel noninvasive modality may prove to be a useful improvement in the respiratory care of infants in respiratory distress.