bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light‐Activated Hydrogen Storage in Mg, LiH and NaAlH4
Authors: Sun Yahui , Aguey‐Zinsou Kondo‐Francois 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe concept of light activation for triggering hydrogen release or uptake in hydrogen storage materials was investigated with the aid of gold (Au) nanoparticles dispersed at the surface of typical hydrides including magnesium hydride (MgH2), lithium hydride (LiH) and sodium alanate (NaAlH4). Upon Xe lamp illumination, the overall temperature of the materials reached ca. 100 °C owing to the plasmonic heating effect of the Au nanoparticles. Direct‐heat‐driven hydrogen storage at the same temperature with a conventional electrical furnace was found to be less effective with a smaller fraction of hydrogen released from Au/LiH and no phase conversion for Au/NaAlH4 or for Au/Mg under hydrogen pressure. The better efficiency of the observed light‐driven hydrogen storage is attributed to the higher temperature in the vicinity of the Au nanoparticles owing to their plasmonic effect. With further improvements, light‐activated hydrogen storage could lead to an effective approach for hydrogen uptake and release from hydrides at low temperatures.
Reagent Validation to Facilitate Experimental Reproducibility
Authors: Williams Michael 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMany results reported in the biomedical research literature cannot be independently reproduced, undermining the basic foundations of science. This overview is intended for researchers who are committed to improving the quality and integrity of biomedical science by raising awareness of both the sources of irreproducibility, and activities specifically targeted to address the issue. The irreproducibility of biomedical research is due to a variety of factors, known and unknown, that markedly influence experimental outcomes. Among the known factors are inadequate training or mentoring, or experimenter incompetence. These may result in flawed experimental design and execution that reflect a lack of planning, leading to an underpowering of a study, an absence of appropriate controls, selective data analysis, inappropriate statistical analysis, and/or investigator bias or fraud. Another frequently overlooked source of irreproducibility is failure to ensure that the equipment used is performing up to manufacturer specifications. Failure to validate/authenticate the experimental reagents is another source of irreproducibility. These include compounds, cell lines, antibodies, and the animal models used in a study. This overview discusses how a lack of validation of research reagents negatively impact experimental reproducibility, and provides guidelines to avoid these pitfalls. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Visuomotor coordination and cortical connectivity of modular motor learning
Authors: Burgos Pablo I. , Mariman Juan J. , Makeig Scott , Rivera‐Lillo Gonzalo , Maldonado Pedro E. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe ability to transfer sensorimotor skill components to new actions and the capacity to use skill components from whole actions are characteristic of the adaptability of the human sensorimotor system. However, behavioral evidence suggests complex limitations for transfer after combined or modular learning of motor adaptations. Also, to date, only behavioral analysis of the consequences of the modular learning has been reported, with little understanding of the sensorimotor mechanisms of control and the interaction between cortical areas. We programmed a video game with distorted kinematic and dynamic features to test the ability to combine sensorimotor skill components learned modularly (composition) and the capacity to use separate sensorimotor skill components learned in combination (decomposition). We examined motor performance, eye–hand coordination, and EEG connectivity. When tested for integrated learning, we found that combined practice initially performed better than separated practice, but differences disappeared after integrated practice. Separate learning promotes fewer anticipatory control mechanisms (depending more on feedback control), evidenced in a lower gaze leading behavior and in higher connectivity between visual and premotor domains, in comparison with the combined practice. The sensorimotor system can acquire motor modules in a separated or integrated manner. However, the system appears to require integrated practice to coordinate the adaptations with the skill learning and the networks involved in the integrated behavior. This integration seems to be related to the acquisition of anticipatory mechanism of control and with the decrement of feedback control.
Universal infant health interventions and young adult outcomes
Authors: Wüst Miriam , Mortensen Erik Lykke , Osler Merete , Sørensen Thorkild I. A. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThree recent studies have documented short‐ and long‐run benefits of early‐infancy health interventions in Norway, Sweden, and Denmark: Universal nurse home visiting (NHV) and well‐baby center care decreased infant mortality and positively impacted long‐run survival (DK, S), morbidity (DK, N), and educational and labor market outcomes (N). Using Danish conscription data, this paper examines intermediate outcomes to assess both potential mechanisms and the importance of selective survival for the long‐run health effects of NHV. We do not find strong effects of NHV for young adult's height or obesity status, but we find that NHV increases treated individuals' probability of emigration. As emigrants in our sample are positively selected and as they are not part of the samples used in long‐run analyses, this finding suggests that the established long‐run health benefits of NHV may be lower bounds.
Determining effects of virtually and physically present co‐actor in evoking social facilitation
Authors: Liu Na , Yu Ruifeng 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study investigated whether a virtually present co‐actor (VPC) can evoke social facilitation effect in visual search tasks. The conducted experiment employed a 2 (target presence: present, absent) × 2 (task difficulty: easy, difficult) × 3 (social presence: alone, VPC, physically present co‐actor, PPC) within‐subject design. Twelve male university students participated in the experiment. Results showed that a VPC evoked social facilitation effect in visual search tasks, that is, shortened (lengthened) response time when easy (difficult) tasks were completed. Intensities of social facilitation effect induced by VPC and PPC showed similar strengths. However, both VPC and PPC presented no significant influence on response accuracy. These findings provide guidance in designing work organization modes for a team or a group performing tasks of different difficulty levels.
METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR HOME‐VISITING RESEARCH IN TRIBAL COMMUNITIES
Authors: Kilburn M. Rebecca , Lyon Kate , Anderson Cyndi , Gutman Pamela , Whitesell Nancy Rumbaugh 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTDrawing on previous studies and the collective experience of conducting rigorous evaluations as part of the Tribal Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting grants, we outline methodological considerations that will inform future research in tribal communities, particularly in the area of home visiting. The methodological issues we discuss are study design choices, measurement and data collection, and including community members in all aspects of the research.
HSP‐enriched properties of extracellular vesicles involve survival of metastatic oral cancer cells
Authors: Ono Kisho , Eguchi Takanori , Sogawa Chiharu , Calderwood Stuart K. , Futagawa Junya , Kasai Tomonari , Seno Masaharu , Okamoto Kuniaki , Sasaki Akira , Kozaki Ken‐ichi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCancer cells often secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) that carry heat shock proteins (HSPs) with roles in tumor progression. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) belongs to head and neck cancers (HNC) whose lymph‐node‐metastases often lead to poor prognosis. We have examined the EV proteome of OSCC cells and found abundant secretion of HSP90‐enriched EVs in lymph‐node‐metastatic OSCC cells. Double knockdown of HSP90α and HSP90β, using small interfering RNA significantly reduced the survival of the metastatic OSCC cells, although single knockdown of each HSP90 was ineffective. Elevated expression of these HSP90 family members was found to correlate with poor prognosis of HNC cases. Thus, elevated HSP90 levels in secreted vesicles are potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in metastatic OSCC.
A four‐year longitudinal study examining psychache and suicide ideation in elevated‐risk undergraduates: A test of Shneidman's model of suicidal behavior
Authors: Montemarano Vanessa , Troister Talia , Lambert Christine E. , Holden Ronald R. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectivesUsing a 4‐year follow‐up design, this research investigated Shneidman's model of psychache (i.e., intense mental pain/anguish) as the cause of suicide. Operationalizing suicidal manifestations using suicide ideation, we evaluated Shneidman's assertion that psychache is the prominent predictor of suicide ideation and that other suicide‐related psychological variables associate with suicide ideation only through psychache.MethodEighty‐two undergraduates at elevated suicide risk were assessed at baseline and follow‐up with measures of suicide ideation and three psychological predictors: depression, hopelessness, and psychache.ResultsAt baseline, only psychache and neither depression nor hopelessness contributed significant, unique information to statistically predicting suicide ideation. For 4‐year change in suicide ideation, only psychache and neither depression nor hopelessness provided significant, unique information.ConclusionsResults provided partial support for Shneidman's contention of the importance of psychache for suicidal behavior and that other psychological factors are only important to suicide insofar as they relate through psychache.
Social science and Sozialwissenschaft: Categorical and institutional boundaries of knowledge
Authors: Sonnert Gerhard 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis article explores how linguistic categories affect boundary work in scholarly knowledge production. Whereas the German language knows the unified concept of Wissenschaft for all branches of scholarship represented at universities, the English language separates science from the arts or humanities and does not commonly engage an overarching concept. This has had consequences for American social science, which are traced both in the discourse shaping its development and in the deployment and distribution of institutional resources.
Characterization of aerosol nitroaromatic compounds: Validation of an experimental method
Authors: Jaoui Mohammed , Lewandowski Michael , Offenberg John H. , Colon Maribel , Docherty Kenneth S. , Kleindienst Tadeusz E. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe analytical capabilities associated with the use of silylation reactions have been extended to a new class of organic molecules, nitroaromatic compounds (NACs). These compounds are a possible contributor to urban particulate matter of secondary origin which would make them important analytes due to their (1) detrimental health effects, (2) potential to affect aerosol optical properties, and (3) and usefulness for identifying PM2.5 from biomass burning. The technique is based on derivatization of the parent NACs by using N,O‐bis‐(trimethylsilyl)‐trifluoro acetamide, one of the most prevalent derivatization reagent for analyzing hydroxylated molecules, followed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry using electron ionization (EI) and methane chemical ionization (CI). This method is evaluated for 32 NACs including nitrophenols, methyl‐/methoxy‐nitrophenols, nitrobenzoic acids, and nitrobenzyl alcohols. Electron ionization spectra were characterized by a high abundance of ions corresponding to [M+] or [M+ − 15]. Chemical ionization spectra exhibited high abundance for [M+ + 1], [M+ − 15], and [M+ + 29] ions. Both EI and CI spectra exhibit ions specific to nitro group(s) for [M+ − 31], [M+ − 45], and [M+ − 60]. The strong abundance observed for [M+] (EI), [M+ − 15] (EI/CI), or [M+ + 1] (CI) ions is consistent with the high charge stabilizing ability associated with aromatic compounds. The combination of EI and CI ionization offers strong capabilities for detection and identification of NACs. Spectra associated with NACs, containing hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms only, as silylated derivatives show fragment/adduct ions at either (a) odd or (b) even masses that indicate either (a) odd or (b) even number of nitro groups, respectively. Mass spectra associated with silylated NACs exhibited 3 distinct regions where characteristic fragmentation with a specific pattern associated with (1) ─OH and/or ─COOH groups, (2) ─NO2 group(s), and (3) benzene ring(s). These findings were confirmed with applications to chamber aerosol and ambient PM2.5.
Adding smoking to the Fardal model of cost‐effectiveness for the lifetime treatment of periodontal diseases
Authors: Fardal Øystein , Grytten Jostein , Martin John , Ellingsen Stig , Fardal Patrick , Heasman Peter , Linden Gerard J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the financial costs that smoking adds to the lifetime treatment of periodontal disease.MethodsThe total lifetime cost of periodontal treatment was modeled using data from private periodontal practice. The costs of initial and supportive therapy, re‐treatment and tooth replacements (with bridgework or implants) were identified using average dental charges from the American Dental Association survey. Smoking costs at $6 and $10 for 20 cigarettes were compared to the costs of lifetime periodontal treatment for stable and unstable compliant patients.ResultsSmoking added 8.8% to the financial cost of the lifetime cost of periodontal therapy in stable maintenance patients, 40.1% in patients who needed one extra maintenance visit, and 71.4% in patients who needed two extra maintenance visits per year in addition to added retreatment. The cost of smoking far exceeded the cost of periodontal treatment; For patients who smoked 10 to 40 cigarettes per day at the cost of $6 or $10 a pack, the cost of smoking exceeded the cost of lifetime periodontal treatment by between 2.7 and 17.9 times. Smoking 40 cigarettes at $10 a packet for 3.4 years would pay for the entire lifetime cost of periodontal treatment.ConclusionSmoking adds considerable extra financial costs to the lifetime treatment of periodontal diseases. The cost of smoking itself exceeds the cost of periodontal therapy.
An asymptotically concentrated method for structural topology optimization based on the SIMLF interpolation
Authors: Cui Mingtao , Yang Xinfeng , Zhang Yifei , Luo Chenchun , Li Guang 
Published: May 2018

SummaryIn this work, an asymptotically concentrated topology optimization method based on the solid isotropic material with logistic function interpolation is proposed. The asymptotically concentrated method is introduced into the process of optimization cycle after updating the design variables. At the same time, with the use of the solid isotropic material with logistic function interpolation, all the candidate densities are reasonably polarized, relying on the characteristic of the interpolation curve itself. The asymptotically concentrated method can effectively suppress the generation of intermediate density and speed up the process of updating the design variables, hence improving the optimization efficiency. Moreover, the above polarization can weaken the influence of low‐related‐density elements and enhance the influence of high‐related‐density elements. For the single‐material topology optimization problem, gray‐scale elements can be effectively eliminated, and clear boundary and smaller compliance can be obtained by this method. For the multimaterial topology optimization problem, minimum compliance with high efficiency can be achieved by this method. The proposed method mainly includes the following advantages: concentrated density variables, reasonable interpolation, high computational efficiency, and good topological results.
Improving the safety of high‐dose methotrexate for children with hematologic cancers in settings without access to MTX levels using extended hydration and additional leucovorin
Authors: Vaishnavi Kalthi , Bansal Deepak , Trehan Amita , Jain Richa , Attri Savita Verma 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundA lack of access to methotrexate levels is common in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC), relevant for 80% of children with cancer worldwide. We evaluated whether high‐dose methotrexate (HD‐MTX) can be administered safely with extended hydration and leucovorin rescue, with monitoring of serum creatinine and urine pH.MethodsThe prospective study was conducted at a single centre in Chandigarh, India in 2015. Patients with B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or with T‐cell ALL or non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (T‐NHL) were administered 3 and 5 gm/m2 of MTX (24 hr infusion), respectively. Six doses of leucovorin (15 mg/m2/dose), instead of recommended three (for optimally reduced levels) at standard timing (42 hr from start of HD‐MTX) were administered. Hydration (125 ml/m2/hr) was continued for 72 hr, instead of the recommended 30 hr. Hydration fluid consisted of 0.45% sodium chloride, 5% dextrose, 7.5% sodium bicarbonate (50 mmol/l) and potassium chloride (20 mmol/l). Serum creatinine and urine pH were measured at baseline, 24 and 48 hr. The volume of hydration was increased (200 ml/m2/hr) for a serum creatinine > 1.25 times the baseline.ResultsThe study included 100 cycles of HD‐MTX in 53 patients: B‐ALL 25 patients (51 cycles), T‐ALL 16 patients (28 cycles), T‐NHL 10 patients (18 cycles), and relapsed ALL 2 patients (3 cycles). The mean age was 6.8 ± 3.2 years. Patients were underweight in 15 (15%) cycles. Patients in 23% of cycles had a rise in creatinine to >1.25 times the baseline. Toxicities (NCI CTCAE v4.0) included mucositis (32%), diarrhoea (10%), and febrile neutropenia (9%). One patient died from dengue shock syndrome.ConclusionsIt is safe to administer 3 or 5 gm/m2 of MTX (24 hr infusion) without measuring MTX levels, with extended hydration, additional doses of leucovorin, and monitoring of serum creatinine and urine pH.
Aluminum Acceleration and Reaction Characteristics for Aluminized CL‐20‐Based Mixed Explosives
Authors: Liu Danyang , Chen Lang , Wang Chen , Wu Junying 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe effects of aluminum mass content and particle size in CL‐20‐based aluminized explosives were investigated with a small‐scale confined plate push test. The confinement strength of the detonation products was enhanced to twice that of cylinder tests to accelerate the aluminum particle reaction. An all‐fiber displacement interferometer system for any reflector was used to continuously measure the plate velocity over time. A series of aluminized explosives containing various aluminum particle masses and sizes were tested, as well as explosives containing LiF instead of aluminum. Numerical simulations of explosive detonation and metal plate acceleration were performed, where parameters for the equation of state of the detonation products were calibrated by comparing the results with experiment. The results indicated that most of the aluminum particles (including 200‐nm diameter particles) reacted with the detonation products after the Chapman‐Jouguet point. Moreover, the released energy from the reaction could further accelerate the metal plate and increase the acceleration time, although the initial plate velocity was reduced. The start reaction times of small particles were earlier than that of larger particles. Specifically, 2‐50‐μm aluminum particles start to react when the volume of detonation products expanded to 1.24 times the initial volume, while the 200‐nm particles start to react at 1.07 times the initial volume, with a significantly higher reaction rate. The reaction rates decreased with increasing mass fraction of reacted aluminum and a decrease in pressure.
The importance of lakes for bat conservation in Amazonian rainforests: an assessment using autonomous recorders
Authors: Torrent Laura , López‐Baucells Adrià , Rocha Ricardo , Bobrowiec Paulo E. D. , Meyer Christoph F. J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRecent studies predict a future decrease in precipitation across the tropics, particularly the Amazon, likely causing significant droughts that have negative consequences for Amazonian freshwater biomes, especially lakes. Furthermore, immediate consequences of global warming for terrestrial fauna associated with tropical lakes are poorly understood as the vast majority of studies come from temperate regions. Here, we assess the seasonal importance of lakes for the conservation of aerial insectivorous bats in the Central Amazon using passive bat recorders. We compared richness, general bat activity and foraging activity between lakes and adjacent forest. Of a total of 21 species/sonotypes recorded in both habitats, all were detected over lakes, and 18 were significantly more active over lakes than in forest. Only two species had significantly higher activity levels in the forest than at the lakes. Species richness and general bat activity over the lakes were higher in the dry than in the rainy season. Foraging activity was also greater over the lakes than within the forest in both seasons. Moreover, both variables were positively correlated with lake size, although the effect on activity was species‐specific. Climate change‐driven shrinking of lakes may have detrimental consequences for aerial insectivorous bats, especially for the most water‐dependent species. Compared to permanent water bodies of other regions, the value of tropical lakes for functionally important taxa, such as bats, has been understudied. Higher bat activity levels over lakes than in forest in both seasons and comprising the whole ensemble of aerial insectivorous bats of the study region, indicate that lakes embedded in Amazonian terra firme forests deserve special attention for future bat conservation.
Use cases and scenarios of 5G integrated satellite‐terrestrial networks for enhanced mobile broadband: The SaT5G approach
Authors: Liolis Konstantinos , Geurtz Alexander , Sperber Ray , Schulz Detlef , Watts Simon , Poziopoulou Georgia , Evans Barry , Wang Ning , Vidal Oriol , Tiomela Jou Boris , Fitch Michael , Diaz Sendra Salva , Sayyad Khodashenas Pouria , Chuberre Nicolas 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThis paper presents initial results available from the European Commission Horizon 2020 5G Public Private Partnership Phase 2 project “SaT5G” (Satellite and Terrestrial Network for 5G). After describing the concept, objectives, challenges, and research pillars addressed by the SaT5G project, this paper elaborates on the selected use cases and scenarios for satellite communications positioning in the 5G usage scenario of enhanced mobile broadband.
Competing Mechanisms for Photocurrent Induced at the Monolayer–Multilayer Graphene Junction
Authors: Zhang Youwei , Zheng Hemei , Wang Qiyuan , Cong Chunxiao , Hu Laigui , Tian Pengfei , Liu Ran , Zhang Shi‐Li , Qiu Zhi‐Jun 
Published: May 2018

AbstractGraphene is characterized by demonstrated unique properties for potential novel applications in photodetection operated in the frequency range from ultraviolet to terahertz. To date, detailed work on identifying the origin of photoresponse in graphene is still ongoing. Here, scanning photocurrent microscopy to explore the nature of photocurrent generated at the monolayer–multilayer graphene junction is employed. It is found that the contributing photocurrent mechanism relies on the mismatch of the Dirac points between the monolayer and multilayer graphene. For overlapping Dirac points, only photothermoelectric effect (PTE) is observed at the junction. When they do not coincide, a different photocurrent due to photovoltaic effect (PVE) appears and becomes more pronounced with larger separation of the Dirac points. While only PTE is reported for a monolayer–bilayer graphene junction in the literature, this work confirms the coexistence of PTE and PVE, thereby extending the understanding of photocurrent in graphene‐based heterojunctions.