bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvements and Evaluation of an In-Field Bin Filler for Apple Bruising and Distribution
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Pothula Anand Kumar , Lu Renfu 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Automatic bin filling is needed for apple harvest and in-field sorting. A commercially viable bin filler for in-field use should be simple, compact, low in cost, and be able to distribute apples evenly in the bin without causing bruising damage. An innovative bin filling technology was developed for incorporation with the new apple harvest and in-field sorting machine recently developed by our group. Field tests of the first version of the bin filler in the 2016 harvest season showed relatively high bruising rates and uneven fruit distributions. Subsequently, a second version of the bin filler was developed with several major improvements. A new pair of foam rollers for better control of apples exiting the sorting system and avoiding fruit collisions during free falling was added below the sorter. An improved pinwheel with nine longer soft pads, instead of four short pads as in the original version, was installed for better fruit distribution. Foam guides, attached to the long pads, reduced the rolling speed of fruit from the pads into the bin. Field tests conducted in the 2017 harvest season showed that the second, improved version of the bin filler achieved superior performance in reducing bruise damage, with 99% of ‘Gala’ apples and 98% ‘Blondee’ of apples graded Extra Fancy. Furthermore, a depth imaging method, using a Kinect-v2 camera, was proposed to quantitatively compare the performance of the two bin fillers for distribution of fruit in the bin under uniform and non-uniform feeding conditions. Analysis of the fruit height data showed that the apple distributions were not significantly affected by feeding method for both bin fillers. Overall, the second version of the bin filler resulted in better distributions of apples in the bin, compared to the first version, and uneven distributions mainly occurred in the corners of the bin, which could not be reached by the bin filler’s pinwheel. The improved bin filler meets the requirements for apple harvest and in-field sorting, and it has potential for use with other harvest platforms. Keywords: 3D imaging, Apple, Bin filling, Bruising, Harvest, Sorting.
The Effect of Laboratory Test–Based Clinical Decision Support Tools on Medication Errors and Adverse Drug Events: A Laboratory Medicine Best Practices Systematic Review
Authors: Whitehead Nedra S , Williams Laurina , Meleth Sreelatha , Kennedy Sara , Ubaka-Blackmoore Nneka , Kanter Michael , O'Leary Kevin J , Classen David , Jackson Brian , Murphy Daniel R , Nichols James , Stockwell David , Lorey Thomas , Epner Paul , Taylor Jennifer , Graber Mark L 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Laboratory and medication data in electronic health records create opportunities for clinical decision support (CDS) tools to improve medication dosing, laboratory monitoring, and detection of side effects. This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of such tools in preventing medication-related harm.

Methods
We followed the Laboratory Medicine Best Practice (LMBP) initiative's A-6 methodology. Searches of 6 bibliographic databases retrieved 8508 abstracts. Fifteen articles examined the effect of CDS tools on (a) appropriate dose or medication (n = 5), (b) laboratory monitoring (n = 4), (c) compliance with guidelines (n = 2), and (d) adverse drug events (n = 5). We conducted meta-analyses by using random-effects modeling.

Results
We found moderate and consistent evidence that CDS tools applied at medication ordering or dispensing can increase prescriptions of appropriate medications or dosages [6 results, pooled risk ratio (RR), 1.48; 95% CI, 1.27–1.74]. CDS tools also improve receipt of recommended laboratory monitoring and appropriate treatment in response to abnormal test results (6 results, pooled RR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.05–1.87). The evidence that CDS tools reduced adverse drug events was inconsistent (5 results, pooled RR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.46–1.03).

Conclusions
The findings support the practice of healthcare systems with the technological capability incorporating test-based CDS tools into their computerized physician ordering systems to (a) identify and flag prescription orders of inappropriate dose or medications at the time of ordering or dispensing and (b) alert providers to missing laboratory tests for medication monitoring or results that warrant a change in treatment. More research is needed to determine the ability of these tools to prevent adverse drug events.
Investigation of the relationship between virulence factors and antibiotic resistance of Enterococci isolates
Authors: Say Coskun Umut Safiye 
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between aggregation factor (asa1), enterococcal surface protein (esp), cytolysin (cyl), gelatinase (gelE), hyaluronidase (hyl) virulence factors and antibiotic resistance in Enterococci. VITEK 2 ID system was used to identify the isolates and determine their antibiotic susceptibility. Virulence genes were investigated by polymerase chain reaction. Of the 93 isolates, 62 (66 %) were Enterococcus faecium, 31 (44 %) were Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecialis ). E. faecium isolates were more resistant to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, linezolid, teicoplanin and vancomycin than E. faecalis. High-level gentamycin rate were higher in E. faecium than E. faecalis (p <0.05). The most prevalant virulence genes were esp (60.9 %) and asa1 (25 %) followed by gelE (22.8 %), cyl (16.3 %) and hyl (8.7 %). Asa1, cyl, gelE genes positivity were higer in E. faecalis than E. faecium. Hyl positivity was higher in E. faecalis than E. faecium isolates. Ampicillin resistance was higher in gelE positive E. faecalis than gelE negative E. faecalis (p <0.05). Ciprofloxacin resistance was higher in gelE negative E. faecalis than gelE positive E. faecalis (p <0.05). Asa, cyl, hyl, gelE positive E. faecium isolates were more susceptible to teicoplanin than the isolates that did not have these genes (p <0.05). Cyl, asa, gelE positive E. faecalis isolates were more susceptible to vancomycin than cyl, asa, gelE negative E. faecalis isoates (p <0.05). Hyl positive E. faecium isolates were more susceptible to vancomycin than hyl negative E. faecium isolates (p <0.05). E. faecalis isolates that have virulence genes were more susceptible to vancomycin (p <0.05). The resistance to antibiotics in E. faecalis should be a concern for the treatment of infectious disease.
Multigrid Methods Based on Hodge Decomposition for a Quad-Curl Problem
Authors: Brenner Susanne C. , Cui Jintao , Sung Li-yeng 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In this paper we investigate multigrid methods for a quad-curl
problem on graded meshes. The approach is based on the Hodge decomposition. The solution
for the quad-curl problem is approximated by solving standard second-order elliptic
problems and optimal error estimates are obtained on graded meshes. We prove the
uniform convergence of the multigrid algorithm for the resulting discrete problem. The
performance of these methods is illustrated by numerical results.
The Magnitude and Direction of Collider Bias for Binary Variables
Authors: Nguyen Trang Quynh , Dafoe Allan , Ogburn Elizabeth L. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Suppose we are interested in the effect of variable X on variable Y. If X and Y both influence, or are associated with variables that influence, a common outcome, called a collider, then conditioning on the collider (or on a variable influenced by the collider – its “child”) induces a spurious association between X and Y, which is known as collider bias. Characterizing the magnitude and direction of collider bias is crucial for understanding the implications of selection bias and for adjudicating decisions about whether to control for variables that are known to be associated with both exposure and outcome but could be either confounders or colliders. Considering a class of situations where all variables are binary, and where X and Y either are, or are respectively influenced by, two marginally independent causes of a collider, we derive collider bias that results from (i) conditioning on specific levels of the collider or its child (on the covariance, risk difference, and in two cases odds ratio, scales), or (ii) linear regression adjustment for, the collider or its child. We also derive simple conditions that determine the sign of such bias.
Emulsifying Properties of Tremella Fuciformis: A Novel Promising Food Emulsifier
Authors: Zhang Jian , Zhang Ya-Kun , Liu Yong , Wang Jun-Hui 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In this paper, the emulsifying properties of Tremella fuciformis (TFS) were assessed in comparison with lotus seed (LTS), purple sweet potato (PSPP) and gum arabic (GA) in oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. Emulsifying properties were evaluated in terms of the emulsifying activity (EA), emulsifying stability, mean droplet size, zeta potential, shear viscosity and freeze-thaw stability of their emulsions. The results revealed that TFS exhibited excellent EA and best emulsifying stability (100 %) after 21 days at 21 °C. When exposure to 100 °C for 20 min, TFS emulsions showed reduced in droplet size, which was superior as compared to LTS, PSPP, and GA. In zeta-potential test, TFS was proved to be more suitable emulsifier as compared with LTS and GA as it had a comparatively larger magnitude. TFS emulsions showed the smallest droplet size at pH 10.0 followed by pH 3.0 and pH 6.5. Non-Newtonian shear-thinning behavior of all four samples remained same at 4.0 % concentration while the apparent viscosity of TFS was the highest among all. The cream index of 4.0 % TFS was also the highest at freeze-thaw cycles. Therefore, the TFS could be used as emulsifier and thickener in food industry.
Investigation of Geometry Effect on Heat and Mass Transfer in Buoyancy Assisting with the Vertical Backward and Forward Facing Steps
Authors: Issakhov Alibek , Zhandaulet Yeldos 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This paper is a Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) of the temperature distribution in the flow with the forward and backward facing steps with buoyancy forces for different lengths of the bottom walls and flow regimes. The different lengths of the bottom walls effect were studied with buoyancy forces. A two-dimensional incompressible Navier–Stokes equation and equations for temperature transfer were used to describe this process. The obtained numerical solutions for the test problem, laminar flow with the backward facing step with buoyancy force, are compared with the numerical results of other authors. A verified numerical algorithm is applied to the problem with the forward and backward facing steps with buoyancy forces. The influence of changes in the bottom wall length on temperature distributions and velocity components is revealed. It was also revealed that the heat transfer characteristics of the bottom wall have strong changes in different lengths. In cases for the lengths of the bottom walls (

X
e

=
12
,

16

${X_e} = 12, \,16$

) at Re=1,000, the rotational movement of the vortices along the channel wall revealed an increase in the exchange of cold and hot fluids, which leads to temperature fluctuations from the lower wall to the upper wall of the channel.
Evaluation of benzthiazolidine-based formamidinium salts for the synthesis of penem-type β-lactams by uncatalysed carbonylation of acyclic diaminocarbenes
Authors: Jonek Markus , Buhl Hannes , Leibold Michael , Bruhn Clemens , Siemeling Ulrich 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The reaction of [iPr2N=CHCl]Cl with 2-phenylbenzthiazolidine (Ph-BtzH) and subsequent anion metathesis afforded the formamidinium salt [(Ph-Btz)CH(NiPr2)][PF6] ([1aH][PF6]). The reaction of [1aH][PF6] with (Me3Si)2NNa in the presence of grey selenium furnished the selenourea derivative 1aSe as trapping product of the acyclic diaminocarbene 1a. In the absence of selenium, a 2H-1,4-benzothiazine derivative (2) was obtained, which is an isomer of 1a, whose formation is plausibly initiated by deprotonation of [1aH]+ not at the cationic N2CH unit, but at the neighbouring PhCH position. CO was ineffective as trapping reagent for 1a. [1aH][PF6], 1aSe and 2 have been structurally characterised by X-ray diffraction.
Modeling Neurodegenerative Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 13 in Zebrafish Using a Purkinje Neuron Specific Tunable Coexpression System
Authors: Namikawa Kazuhiko , Dorigo Alessandro , Zagrebelsky Marta , Russo Giulio , Kirmann Toni , Fahr Wieland , Dübel Stefan , Korte Martin , Köster Reinhard W. 
Published: March 2019

Purkinje cells (PCs) are primarily affected in neurodegenerative spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs). For generating animal models for SCAs, genetic regulatory elements specifically targeting PCs are required, thereby linking pathological molecular effects with impaired function and organismic behavior. Because cerebellar anatomy and function are evolutionary conserved, zebrafish represent an excellent model to study SCAsin vivo. We have isolated a 258 bp cross-species PC-specific enhancer element that can be used in a bidirectional manner for bioimaging of transgene-expressing PCs in zebrafish (both sexes) with variable copy numbers for tuning expression strength. Emerging ectopic expression at high copy numbers can be further eliminated by repurposing microRNA-mediated posttranslational mRNA regulation.Subsequently, we generated a transgenic SCA type 13 (SCA13) model, using a zebrafish-variant mimicking a human pathological SCA13R420Hmutation, resulting in cell-autonomous progressive PC degeneration linked to cerebellum-driven eye-movement deficits as observed in SCA patients. This underscores that investigating PC-specific cerebellar neuropathologies in zebrafish allows for interconnecting bioimaging of disease mechanisms with behavioral analysis suitable for therapeutic compound testing.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSCA13 patients carrying aKCNC3R420Hallele have been shown to display mid-onset progressive cerebellar atrophy, but genetic modeling of SCA13 by expressing this pathogenic mutant in different animal models has not resulted in neuronal degeneration so far; likely because the transgene was expressed in heterologous cell types. We developed a genetic system for tunable PC-specific coexpression of several transgenes to manipulate and simultaneously monitor cerebellar PCs. We modeled a SCA13 zebrafish accessible for bioimaging to investigate disease progression, revealing robust PC degeneration, resulting in impaired eye movement. Our transgenic zebrafish mimicking both neuropathological and behavioral changes manifested in SCA-affected patients will be suitable for investigating causes of cerebellar diseasesin vivofrom the molecular to the behavioral level.
Convivencia ciudadana versus narciso: La batalla por un orden civil pacífico e igualitario
Authors: Bolívar Rangel Deivis 
Published: March 2019

Se presenta la perspectiva que sobre el mal, como tendencia vanidosa en el fuero íntimo de la psiquis humana, ofrece la filósofa Martha Nussbaum. En torno de dicho referente conceptual, se muestra cómo el ideal de convivencia ciudadana se ha visto trastocado por quienes dividen el mundo, en un arrebato narcisista de asco proyectado, entre lo puro y lo impuro; y por quienes jerarquizan la dignidad en función de supuestos niveles de contaminación percibidos en un otro amenazante. Se ilustra cómo esa misma reacción narcisista se camufla en aquel proceder legalista que asegura estar consagrado al respeto por la diferencia; y se señalan aspectos negativos dentro de la educación en valores que precisan un re direccionamiento a fin de dotar a la ciudadanía de herramientas eficaces para vencer su propensión al egoísmo vanidoso.
Evsel Organik Atıklardan Biyogaz Üretiminin İncelenmesi
Authors: Şenol Halil 
Published: March 2019

Bu
çalışmada biyogaz farklı organik evsel katı atıklardan (EKA) üretilmiştir.
Rastgele seçilen organik evsel katı atıkların önce elementel analiz cihazı ile
karbon (C) /azot (N) oranı belirlenmiştir. Daha sonra kuru madde ve organik
ucuçu madde oranı tayini yapılmıştır.
Evsel atıkların C içeriği N içeriğinden çok fazla olması nedeniyle
ortalama C/N oranı ortalama 45 olarak bulunmuştur. Sonra bu atık karışımı C/N oranları anaerobik
fermantasyon için uygun aralık olan 20- 35 aralığına göre ayarlanacak şekilde sığır
gübresi (SG) ile karıştırılmıştır. Bu evsel atıklar: sığır gübresi kütlece
karışım oranları 1:0, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 0:1 şeklinde 5 faklı karışım oranları
oluşturulmuştur. Anaerobik fermantasyon 500 ml’lik 2 yan boyunlu kapaklı
şişelerde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bütün deneyler 3 tekerrürlü yürütülmüştür.
Biyogaz oluşumu 40 °C ‘de mezofilik şartlarda gerçekleştirilmiştir.
En yüksek biyogaz oluşum hızı 280 ml/g toplam katı madde olarak EKA: SB 2:1 olan karışım
oranındaki reaktörde gerçekleşmiştir. Anaerobik fermantasyondaki KOİ
giderimleri her 7 günde bir ölçülmüştür ve toplam KOİ giderimi en fazla % 48,9
olarak kütlece 2:1 oranında karıştırılan reaktörde bulunmuştur. Çalışma
sonucunda evsel katı atıkların sığır gübresi ile anaerobik fermantasyonda iyi
bir karışım olabileceği kanaatine varılmıştır.
Atıksuların Arıtılmasında Elektrokoagülasyon Uygulamaları
Authors: YILMAZ Zinnur , KARAGÖZOĞLU Mustafa Bünyamin 
Published: March 2019

Elektrokoagülasyon
(EC), yüksek giderme etkinliği ile su ve atıksuların arıtımı açısından basit ve
etkili bir yöntemdir. Bu yöntem, kimyasal oksijen ihtiyacı, bulanıklık,
amonyak, renk ve katı madde gibi çeşitli kirleticilerin giderilmesinde
potansiyele sahiptir. Elektrokoagülasyon yönteminin etkinliği elektrot türü,
bağlantı tipi, akım yoğunluğu, işletme süresi ve pH gibi çeşitli faktörlere
bağlıdır. Son yıllarda birçok araştırma özellikle çıkış atıksularındaki
çevresel kısıtlamaların artması nedeniyle elektrokoagülasyonun kullanımına
odaklanmıştır. Bu çalışmada EC yöntemi ile yapılan araştırmalar
incelenerek EC proses performansını
etkileyen faktörler belirlenmiştir (atıksu karakteristikleri, pH, iletkenlik,
işletme değişkenleri, akım yoğunluğu ve arıtma süresi gibi). Çalışma, çeşitli
su ve atıksulardaki kirleticilerin EC prosesi kullanılarak giderimleri
açısından prosesi etkileyen faktörlerin tanımlanması, karşılaştırılması ve
tartışılmasını amaçlamaktadır.
Gaussian (𝒔, 𝒕)-Pell and Pell-Lucas Sequences and Their Matrix Representations
Authors: KARAASLAN Nusret , YAĞMUR Tülay 
Published: March 2019

In this study, we define the Gaussian (s,t)-Pell and Gaussian (s,t)-Pell-Lucas sequences. Then, by using
these sequences we define Gaussian (s,t)-Pell and Gaussian (s,t)-Pell-Lucas matrix sequences. Thereafter,
we give generating functions, Binet’s formulas and some summation formulas of
these sequences. Finally, we obtain some
relationships between Gaussian (s,t)-Pell and Gaussian (s,t)-Pell-Lucas matrix sequences.
Desidratação Osmótica de Guapeva
Authors: Godinho Pinto Ellen , De Lima Luiz Felipe , Dos Santos Fabio Junior , De Oliveira Fernando Luiz , Silva Batista Soares Dayana 
Published: March 2019

Os frutos do cerrado em geral apresentam sabores próprios e elevados teores de nutrientes, no entanto, grande parte desses frutos são pouco conhecida e comercializada, estando a guapeva entre estes. Neste trabalho realizou-se a caracterização do fruto in natura da guapeva e avaliando a influência da temperatura, tempo e concentração da solução de sacarose na desidratação osmótica da guapeva, e se investigaram variações de propriedades físicas, químicas e dos parâmetros da desidratação osmótica. Foram utilizadas as temperatura de 25, 45 e 60 ºC e tempos de 0, 30, 60, 120, 240 e 360 minutos e a concentração 35 e 50 °Brix da solução osmótica e se fixando a razão mássica fruta: xarope 1:6 e formato dos pedaços (metades). Na análise física e química foram realizadas: peso, comprimento, umidade, teor de sólidos solúveis totais e vitamina C. Conclui-se que na desidratação osmótica em temperatura de 25 ºC e concentração da solução de 50ºBrix apresentaram menor degradação da vitamina C, portanto na temperatura de 45 ºC e 50ºBrix no tempo de 360 minutos teve uma maior incorporação sólidos solúveis totais e na temperatura de 60ºC teve uma redução linear da umidade com o tempo. Palavras-chave: Cerrado. Incorporação de Sólidos. Vitamina C. Pouteria cf. guardneriana Radlk. AbstractThe fruits of the cerrado usually have their own flavors and high levels of nutrients; however, most of these fruits are still little known and marketed, and guapeva among them. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of temperature, time and concentration of the sucrose solution on guapeva osmotic dehydration, and to investigate variations in physical, chemical and dehydration parameters osmotic. The temperatures of 25, 45 and 60 ºC and 0, 30, 60, 120, 240 and 360 minutes and the 35 and 50 ° Brix concentration of the osmotic solution were used and the fruit mass ratio was fixed: 1: 6 syrup and format of the pieces (halves). In the physical and chemical analysis were carried out: weight, length, humidity, total soluble solids content and vitamin C. It was concluded that in osmotic dehydration at 25 ºC and concentration of 50ºBrix solution showed lower degradation of vitamin C, of 45 ºC and 50ºBrix in the time of 360 minutes had a greater incorporation total soluble solids and in the temperature of 60 ºC had a linear reduction of the humidity with the time. Keywords: Cerrado. Incorporation of Solids. Vitamin C. Pouteria cf. guardneriana Radlk.