bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental activism and vertical‐axis wind turbine preferences in California
Authors: Hui Iris , Cain Bruce E. , Dabiri John O. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWind energy is widely recognized as a key element of the worldwide effort to limit greenhouse gas emissions. As compared with the general population, environmental activists have a much higher level of knowledge, interest, and capacity to affect the final outcome of a proposed wind turbine facility. To explore how their opinions on wind energy, particularly on vertical‐axis wind turbines, differ from the general public, we administered the same online experimental survey to a general population sample of adult Californians and to a self‐selected sample of online energy and environmental activists. We find that support for wind energy increases with the degree of environmental activism and engagement. The general public prefers vertical‐axis wind turbines in open spaces, away from one's residence. Location and price sensitivity, however, are weaker among activists. Among activists, attitudes about specific vertical‐axis wind turbine technologies are more crystalized and less susceptible to the information effects except on the topic of minimizing bird deaths.
Genomic and physiological analyses reveal that extremely thermophilic Caldicellulosiruptor changbaiensis deploys uncommon cellulose attachment mechanisms
Authors: Khan Asma M A M , Mendoza Carl , Hauk Valerie J , Blumer-Schuette Sara E 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The genus Caldicellulosiruptor is comprised of extremely thermophilic, heterotrophic anaerobes that degrade plant biomass using modular, multifunctional enzymes. Prior pangenome analyses determined that this genus is genetically diverse, with the current pangenome remaining open, meaning that new genes are expected with each additional genome sequence added. Given the high biodiversity observed among the genus Caldicellulosiruptor, we have sequenced and added a 14th species, Caldicellulosiruptor changbaiensis, to the pangenome. The pangenome now includes 3791 ortholog clusters, 120 of which are unique to C. changbaiensis and may be involved in plant biomass degradation. Comparisons between C. changbaiensis and Caldicellulosiruptor bescii on the basis of growth kinetics, cellulose solubilization and cell attachment to polysaccharides highlighted physiological differences between the two species which are supported by their respective gene inventories. Most significantly, these comparisons indicated that C. changbaiensis possesses uncommon cellulose attachment mechanisms not observed among the other strongly cellulolytic members of the genus Caldicellulosiruptor.
The effect of teacher’s confidence on technology and engineering curriculum provision
Authors: Jones Lewis C. R. , McDermott Hilary J. , Tyrer John R. , Zanker Nigel P. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSecondary school, age range 11–14, technology and engineering education in England has been delivered mainly within Design and Technology (D&T). This inadvertently makes D&T teachers responsible for pupils’ engineering education and motivation. This paper analyses D&T teachers’ (N = 33) technology subject knowledge through self-assessment competency questionnaires, before and after developing a Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)-focused project of their choice for their classroom. Participants were least confident in teaching the areas of technology that required mathematics and scientific knowledge. The results analyse a suggested misalignment between teachers’ Creative Arts background subject knowledge compared to the technology subject knowledge required for engineering education. Suggested causes of this issue are Initial Teacher Training standards and curriculum flexibility, not teacher capability. The paper concludes that teachers have been unaware of some elements of STEM education and that continuing professional development interventions are required to assist teachers and improve their engineering knowledge in order to better equip their pupils for engineering.
Hunger, nutrition, and precipitation: evidence from Ghana and Bangladesh
Authors: Cooper Matthew , Brown Molly E. , Azzarri Carlo , Meinzen-Dick Ruth 
Published: August 2019

AbstractChanging precipitation patterns caused by climate change are expected to have major impacts on food security and nutrition in agrarian areas in developing countries. However, the linkages between the duration and severity of precipitation shocks and their effects on child nutrition and household food security metrics remain underexplored. In this study, we used Feed the Future datasets from Ghana and Bangladesh to examine the impact of precipitation extremes on nutrition, measured by children’s height-for-age and weight-for-height Z-scores, and food security, measured by the Household Hunger Scale. We used a spatial error regression to control for the effects of spatial autocorrelation, and we found an association between precipitation shocks and household hunger in both Ghana and Bangladesh, as well as an association between higher rainfall and worse child nutrition in Ghana.
Clinical Assessments of Hand Function in First Carpometacarpal Osteoarthritis Do Not Appear to Correlate with Radiographic Findings
Authors: Weinstock-Zlotnick Gwen , Lin Bin , Nwawka O. Kenechi 
Published: August 2019

Background Thumb carpometacarpal (first CMC) osteoarthritis (OA), a degenerative process affecting hand use, is typically assessed by clinical examination and radiographs. This assessment determines treatment, but it may not reflect functional limitations. Questions/Purposes We aimed to explore the relationship between measures of hand function and radiographs in individuals with and without first CMC OA. Methods We designed a cross-sectional, observational pilot study, enrolling five patients with first CMC OA (nine thumbs with modified Eaton-Littler grades ranging from 1 to 4, using retrospective radiographic data) and nine healthy controls. They underwent evaluation of hand function using four patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs)—the Patient-Specific Functional Scale (PSFS); the Patient-Rated Wrist/Hand Evaluation (PRWHE); the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH); and the Modified Score for the Assessment and Quantification of Chronic Rheumatoid Affections of the Hands (M-SACRAH)—and one performance measure, the Arthritis Hand Function Test (AHFT). Spearman's ρ with 95% subject clustered bootstrapped confidence intervals was calculated to assess for correlations between radiographic findings and measures of hand function. Results Only the DASH work score showed strong positive correlation with radiographic OA grade, with PSFS, PRWHE, M-SACRAH, and AHFT scores demonstrating low to moderate correlations. Notable differences were found between patients and control subjects in median scores of the DASH, PSFS, PRWHE, and M-SACRAH, as well as in the grip, pinch, and button scores of the AHFT. Conclusion While only the DASH work score strongly correlated with radiographic grade of first CMC OA, several measures detected considerable differences in functional hand use between patients and control subjects. The findings of this pilot study suggest that hand function scores be considered in addition to radiographs when determining severity of first CMC OA. The findings can also inform the design of a larger, powered study.
Carbonatites of India
Authors: Krishnamurthy P. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Based on the field relations, associated rock types and age, the carbonatite-alkaline rock complexes of India, that are spatially related to deep main faults, rifts and shear zones, have been classified in to two major groups, namely: 1. Middle – late Cretaceous, subvolcanic – volcanic complexes (Amba Dongar, Siriwasan, Swangkre, Mer-Mundwara, Sarnu-Dandali-Kamthai) and 2. Paleo-Neoproterozoic plutonic complexes (Newania, Sevathur, Samalpatti, Hogenakal, Kollegal, Pakkanadu, Udaiyapatti, Munnar, and Khambamettu). The middle Cretaceous Sung Valley and Samchampi complexes also belong to this plutonic group. Three minor associations, belonging to these two age groups include, the Neoproterzoic, late stage veins of carbonatites in peralkaline syenite complexes (e.g., Kunavaram, Elchuru), the diamond-bearing carbonatite and kimberlite at Khaderpet and the lamprophyre-lamproite association (e.g., Pachcham Is. Upper Cretaceous, Deccan Volcanic Province, and the Proterozoic Chitrangi Group). Petrological associations include carbonatite-nephelinite-phonolite (e.g. Amba Dongar, Sarnu-Dandali-Kamthai), dunite-peridotite-pyroxenite-ijolite-melilitite (e.g. Sung Valley), miaskitic syenite-pyroxenite ± dunite (e.g. Sevathur, Samalpatti, Pakkanadu), carbonatite alone with fenites (e.g. Newania), besides those minor associations mentioned above. Sovites (calico-carbonatites) occur as the most dominant type in some ten (10) complexes. Beforsite (magnesio-carbonatite) is the dominant type at Newania and ankeritic-sideritic types are mainly found at Amba Dongar, Siriwasan and Newania. The rare benstonite-bearing carbonatites are found at Jokkipatti and Udaiyapatti in Tamil Nadu. Mineralogically and chemically the carbonatites show considerable diversity. Fenitised zones and types of fenites (Na, K and mixed) vary widely since the carbonatites are emplaced in a variety of hostrocks ranging from granitic, mafic, ultramafic, charnockitic types besides basalts and sandstones. Stable (δ13C and δ18O) and radiogenic (Sr, Nd and Pb) isotopes clearly indicate their mantle origin and also the diverse types of sources (both depleted HIMU and enriched EM 1 and 2). Petrogenetic considerations reveal three types of carbonatites, namely direct partial melts from metasomatised mantle (e.g. Newania), liquid immiscibility from carbonatite-nephelinite association (e.g. Amba Dongar) and through fractionation of ultra-alkaline ultramafic and mafic association (e.g. Sung Valley). Carbonatites of India that host significant resources include Amba Dongar (Fluorite, REE, Nb, P, Ba, Sr), Kamthai (REE), Sevathur (Nb, P, vermiculite), Beldih (P, Fe), Sung Valley (P, Nb, REE, Fe) and Samchampi (P, Nb, Fe, REE).
Giant Plagioclase Basalt from the Deccan Volcanic Province (DVP), Sagar District, Madhya Pradesh, India: First Report and Implications
Authors: Alexander Pramod O. , Purohit M.K. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
One giant plagioclase basalt GPB) flow from the northeast corner of the DVP, about 70 km south of Sagar, is reported for the first time. This GPB flow, over 40 m in thickness, is exposed approximately for 15 sq. km area and overlies a fine-grained, non-porphyritic basalt at 40 m depth in a borehole. Plagioclase phenocrysts, 4-5 cm in length, and occasionally larger, range in composition from bytownite-labradorite (An 80-60). Clinopyroxene phenocrysts though present, are rare. Major and trace element chemistry of the GPB and the non-porphyritic basalt below is presented and discussed in comparison to the well-known GPBs from Western Ghats as also those reported later from Jhabua and Jabalpur districts in Madhya Pradesh. Among other differences, MgO content of the Sagar GPB (6.13 %) seems to be the highest of all the GPBs reported from DVP so far.
Evidence of K/PB Transition Linked Crystallographic Defects in the Smectites Associated with the Jhilmili Intertrappean Bed, Central India
Authors: Pal Sucharita , Meenakshi  , Shrivastava J.P. , Kumar Amit , Dev A. Bhagya 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Discovery of ~13 m thick, Jhilmili intertrappean bed attained significance as it contains brackish water ostrocods and planktonic foraminifers. Previous studies revealed montmorillonite&gt;montmorillonite/chlorite mixed layer&gt;palygorskite abundance. However, rare information is available on layer-wise K/PB transition linked cell parametric and interatomic changes in the montmorillonite (C2/m space group). To understand these changes, layer-wise clay separates were analyzed by X-ray diffraction method and subjected to Rietveld refinement. Obtained cell parameters and interatomic distances show notable changes in a- and b- axes. In JM-3 layer, expansion of Mg-O, Fe-Al, Fe-O and Al-O bonds led to substantial loss of Mg2+, Fe2+ and Al3+ in the cell structure. Significant bond length variation associated with the JM-3 layer suggested incidence of high temperature (150 - 250°C) conditions. Owing to reinforcement of Al, Fe, Mg ions, Al-O, Fe-Ca, Mg-O, Al-Ca bonds held-up tightly, thus, resulted in the lattice shortening. Moreover, volcanism related acid rains were also accountable for lattice distortion and causative factor for the expansion and the contraction of b- and c-axes, respectively. Almost similar cell parametric and inter-atomic changes were also observed in the successive JM-4 layer representing terminal phase of the event. Thus, abrupt degeneration in the montmorillonite cell parameters noticed in greenish grey, clayey JM-3 layer which continued over a protracted period in the succeeding ostrocods and planktonic foraminifers bearing yellowish brown JM-4 layer is linked to K/PB transition event, most likely Deccan volcanism induced environmental changes, including global warming, acid rains and pCO2 rise in the atmosphere.
Palaeoecological Analysis of Benthic Molluscs from the Eocene of Kutch, Gujarat Reveals an Event of Storm Induced Concentration of Shells in a Quiet Marginal Marine Environment
Authors: Banerjee Sayoni , Das Shrestha , Halder Kalyan , Chakrabarti Niloy 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
The Eocene deposits of the Kutch basin are characterized by predominance of plane-laminated shales and low diversity mollusc faunas. These features reflect a low energy, restricted environment. A thin molluscan shell bed stands out in this backdrop because it produced a very diverse assemblage of bivalves and gastropods. Palaeosynecological analysis of the benthic mollusc assemblages from different stratigraphic levels of the Eocene of Kutch, including the shell bed, was carried out by testing for standard ecological models of rank-abundance. The specific abundance data from the shell bed c onform to the log-normal model indicating stable, resource-rich environment. On the other hand, low diversity and often high abundance of opportunist species from other levels reflect harsh ecological conditions for molluscs. Analyses of habitat preferences and habits of the genera from the shell bed indicate shallow to very shallow shelf environment. It is inferred that this exotic assemblage of shells was brought in this quiet, restricted environment by storm surges from open part of the sea. High degree of shell fragmentation and high content of micrite matrix corroborate this interpretation.
An Integrated Stratigraphic and Paleoenvironmental Studies from Narmada-Tapti Block, South Cambay Basin, Western India
Authors: Govindan Abiraman , Mallikarjuna U.B. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
An inclusive illustrated report on microfauna and palynoflora from sub-surface Tertiary sediments in Narmada-Tapti block in the south Cambay basin is presented. Facies dependency exhibited by microfauna (foraminifera, ostracoda) necessitated a linking study to utilise potential of palynoflora in the studied well section not favourable for microfauna for paleoenvironmental analysis. The microfaunal distribution has enabled to distinguish a broad chronostratigraphic sub-division that can be tied to seismic and other markers focussed in this part of the basin. A brief account a probable exploration targets in this part of the basin is presented.
First Fossil Fruit of Mallotus Lour. (Euphorbiaceae) from the Early Eocene Lignite Mine of Rajasthan, India
Authors: Shukla Anumeha , Mehrotra R.C. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
The present study deals with the reporting and description of the first fossil record of Mallotus Lour. fruit from all over the world. The edible parts of plants are too soft to be preserved and therefore, are rare in fossil records. Fossil fruit of Mallotus mollissimus (Geiseler) Airy Shaw (Euphorbiaceae), a rainforest tree, is described from the early Eocene Palana Formation (Gurha lignite mine) of northwest India. The occurrence of M. mollissimus, along with earlier described fossils from the area demonstrates the existence of dense tropical forests in the area during the depositional time in contrast to the desertic conditions in the area today. This discovery from the early Eocene succession substantiates the Gondwanan origin for the genus.
Adaptive integrated guidance and control for impact angle constrained interception with actuator saturation
Authors: Ai X. L. , Shen Y. C. , Wang L. L. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTThis paper considers the integrated guidance and control (IGC) problem for impact angle constrained interception against manoeuvring targets with actuator saturation constraint. Based on the backstepping technique, an adaptive IGC law is presented to address this problem, where a fixed-time differentiator is proposed to estimate the derivatives of virtual control inputs to avoid the inherent problem of “explosion of complexity” suffered by the typical backstepping. Furthermore, an auxiliary first-order filter is introduced into the IGC law to cope with the actuator saturation constraint. The stability of the closed-loop system is strictly proved. Finally, the superiority of the proposed IGC law is verified by comparison simulations.
On the total claim amount for marked Poisson cluster models
Authors: Basrak Bojan , Wintenberger Olivier , Žugec Petra 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe study the asymptotic distribution of the total claim amount for marked Poisson cluster models. The marks determine the size and other characteristics of the individual claims and potentially influence the arrival rate of future claims. We find sufficient conditions under which the total claim amount satisfies the central limit theorem or, alternatively, tends in distribution to an infinite-variance stable random variable. We discuss several Poisson cluster models in detail, paying special attention to the marked Hawkes process as our key example.
A probabilistic verification theorem for the finite horizon two-player zero-sum optimal switching game in continuous time
Authors: Hamadène S. , Martyr R. , Moriarty J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this paper we study continuous-time two-player zero-sum optimal switching games on a finite horizon. Using the theory of doubly reflected backward stochastic differential equations with interconnected barriers, we show that this game has a value and an equilibrium in the players’ switching controls.
Effect of different phytases derived from E. coli AppA gene on the performance, bone mineralisation and nutrient digestibility of broiler chicken
Authors: Kozlowski K. , Nollet L. , Lanckriet A. , Vanderbeke E. , Mielnik P. , Outchkourov N. , Petkov S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study evaluated the effects of three different thermostable phytase variants, based on the AppA gene fromE. coli(AppAT1, AppAT2 and AppAT3) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and bone mineralisation in broiler chickens at inclusion levels of 250 and 500 FTU/kg. The eight treatment groups included a positive control (PC) which was sufficient in Ca and P, a negative control (NC, the same basal formulation as the PC, but reduced in Ca and P), and NC supplemented with AppAT1 at 250 and 500 FTU/kg (AppAT1-250 and AppAT1-500), AppAT2 at 250 and 500 FTU/kg (AppAT2-250 and AppAT2-500) and with AppAT3 at 250 and 500 FTU/kg (AppAT3-250 and AppAT3-500). Over the entire feeding period, body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG) were significantly higher in the PC group, with all phytase supplemented groups being statistically the same, compared to the NC group. Feed conversion (FCR) for the PC-fed birds (1.479) was significantly (P&lt;0.05) better compared to the NC birds (1.582) and those fed the AppAT3-250 diet (1.523). Reduced levels of Ca and P in the NC group led to significantly (P&lt;0.05) lower tibia ash (40.9%) compared to the PC group (47.4%). Birds fed the phytase diets had significantly higher tibia ash compared to the NC birds, with those from the AppAT2-500 and AppAT3-500 groups being statistically the same as the PC group. Diets AppAT1-500, AppAT2-250, AppAT2-500 and AppAT3-500 significantly increased Ca digestibility compared to the NC. Apparent total track digestibility (ATTD) of P was improved for AppAT1-500 and AppAT2-250. The ATTD of Ca and P for all of the phytase supplemented groups reached the same level of the PC and AppAT1-500 group. It was concluded that adding any of the phytases tested, especially when included at 500 FTU/kg to a feed reduced in Ca and P, led to improved performance and bone mineralisation back to the same levels as seen for the Ca and P sufficient diet.
A fourteen-faced hexangulaconulariid from the early Cambrian (Stage 2) Yanjiahe Formation, South China
Authors: Guo Junfeng , Han Jian , Iten Heyo Van , Wang Xing , Qiang Yaqin , Song Zuchen , Wang Wenzhe , Zhang Zhifei , Li Guoxiang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractExtant medusozoans (phylum Cnidaria) are dominated by forms showing tetraradial symmetry, but stem-group medusozoans of early Cambrian age collectively exhibit tetra-, bi-, penta-, and hexaradial symmetry. Moreover, the developmental and evolutionary relationships between four-fold and other types of radial symmetry in medusozoans remain poorly understood. Here we describe a new hexangulaconulariid,Septuconularia yanjiaheensisnew genus new species, from Bed 5 of the Yanjiahe Formation (Cambrian Stage 2) in the Three Gorges area of Hupei Province, China. The laterally compressed, biradially symmetrical periderm of this species possesses 14 gently tapered faces, the most of any hexangulaconulariid described thus far. The faces are bordered by longitudinal ridges and crossed by short, irregularly spaced transverse ribs. Longitudinally, the periderm consists of three regions that probably correspond, respectively, to an embryonic stage, a transient juvenile stage, and a long adult stage.Septuconularia yanjiaheensismay have been derived from six-facedHexaconularia(Fortunian Stage), which is morphologically intermediate betweenSeptuconularia yanjiaheensisandArthrochites. Furthermore, conulariids sensu stricto, carinachitids, and hexangulaconulariids may constitute a monophyletic group united by possession of an organic or organophosphatic periderm exhibiting longitudinal (corner) sulci, a facial midline, and offset of transverse ribs along the facial midline.UUID:http://zoobank.org/01a972aa-aef3-4eef-a9a5-c2d8c3dda615