bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanosecond plasmas in water: ignition, cavitation and plasma parameters
Authors: Grosse K , Held J , Kai M , von Keudell A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Nanosecond plasmas in liquids play an important role in the field of decontamination, electrolysis or plasma medicine. The understanding of these very dynamic plasmas requires information about the temporal variation of species densities and temperatures. This is analyzed by monitoring nanosecond pulsed plasmas that are generated by high voltages (HVs) between 14 and 26 kV and pulse lengths of 10 ns applied to a tungsten tip with 50 μm diameter immersed in water. Ignition of the plasma causes the formation of a cavitation bubble that is monitored by shadowgraphy to measure the dynamic of the created bubble and the sound speed of the emitted acoustic waves surrounding this tungsten tip. The temporal evolution of the bubble size is compared with cavitation theory yielding good agreement for an initial bubble radius of 25 μm with an initial pressure of 5 × 108 Pa at a temperature of 1200 K for a HV of 20 kV. This yields an initial energy in the range of a few 10−5 J that varies with the applied HV. The dissipated energy by the plasma drives the adiabatic expansion of water vapor inside the bubble from its initial supercritical state to a low pressure, low temperature state at maximum bubble expansion reaching values of 103 Pa and 50 K, respectively. These predictions from cavitation theory are corroborated by optical emission spectroscopy. After igniting the nanosecond plasma, the electrical power oscillates in the feed line between HV pulser and plasma chamber with a ring down time of the order of 60 ns. These reflected pulses re-ignite a plasma inside the expanding bubble periodically. Broadband emission due to recombination and Bremsstrahlung becomes visible within the first 30 ns. At later times, line emission dominates. Stark broadening of the spectral lines of H
α
(656 nm) and OI (777 nm) is evaluated to determine both the electron density and the electron temperature in these re-ignited plasmas.
Proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometric measurements of volatile compounds contained in peppermint oil capsules of relevance to real-time pharmacokinetic breath studies
Authors: Malásková Michaela , Henderson Ben , Chellayah Prema D , Ruzsanyi Veronika , Mochalski Paweł , Cristescu Simona M , Mayhew Chris A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
With the growing interest in the use of breath volatiles in the health sciences, the lack of standardization for the sampling and analysis of exhaled breath is becoming a major issue leading to an absence of conformity, reproducibility and reliability in spectrometric measurements. Through the creation of a worldwide ‘peppermint consortium’, the International Association of Breath Research has set up a task force to deal with this problem. Pharmacokinetic studies are proposed, and a real-time analytical technique that is being used is proton transfer reaction-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS). This paper presents details on how the volatile compounds contained in a peppermint oil capsule, and hence on breath, appear in a PTR-ToF-MS. To aid that study, the key volatiles in the headspace of peppermint oil were first identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, notably: menthol, menthone, 1,8-cineole, menthofuran, limonene, α-pinene and β-pinene. A PTR-ToF-MS analysis of these compounds has been undertaken, divorced from the complexity of the peppermint oil matrix using ‘normal’ and ‘saturated’ humidity drift-tube conditions, with the latter used to mimic breath samples, and over a range of reduced electric fields. There are no characteristic product ions that can distinguish monoterpenes and 1,8-cineole, and hence, without pre-separation, a combined washout for these volatiles can only be provided. By operating the drift tube above about 130 Td, there are characteristic product ions for menthone, menthofuran and menthol, namely m/z 155.14 (protonated menthone), m/z 151.11 (protonated menthofuran), m/z 139.15 (loss of H2O from protonated menthol) and m/z 83.09 (a fragment ion, C6H11
+, from menthol). These have been used to monitor, with a high specificity, the temporal profile of these three compounds in breath following the ingestion of a peppermint oil capsule. To aid in the analyses, the proton affinities and gas-phase basicities for the key volatiles investigated have been determined using density functional theory.
Research Status and Control Measures of Transverse Cracks for Micro-alloyed Continuous Casting Billet
Authors: Li Qi , Wu Jian , Bao Li , Gu Yu 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The transverse cracks of the micro-alloyed steel continuous casting billet seriously damage the quality of the continuous casting billet and cause great losses to the enterprise. The influence of the hot ductility, microstructure, and micro-alloying elements on transverse crack was discussed, which has been researched in-depth at home and abroad. Through a great deal of studies, various control measures of transverse crack are proposed, such as secondary cooling technology, chamfering mold, refining the surface structure of the casting slab, and double phase transformation process. However, the transverse cracks have not been fundamentally solved. Therefore, the formation mechanism and control measures of the transverse crack are summarized for providing with the idea of eliminating transverse crack.
Fabrication of Micro-Hole Array on Glass Material by Abrasive Jet Machining
Authors: Chao Choung-Lii , Wang Wan-Hsuan , Chao Tian-Ming , Chou Wen-Chen , Ma Kung-Jeng 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Brittle materials such as glasses, silicon, and silicon carbide are normally categorized as difficult to machine materials for its high hardness and brittleness. However, they have attracted more and more attentions and been playing critical roles in many scientific/engineering applications for their advanced physic/optical/electronic properties. Micro-patterns such as micro-holes (array) of various sizes and shapes are frequently required to be generated on brittle materials. Many researchers have tried different approaches such as laser ablation, ultrasonic machining, and rotary ultrasonic machining to produce micro-holes in brittle materials. This research applied abrasive jet machining to fabricate micro-holes array on glass. Efforts have been made to investigate the effect of grit-size, stand-off distance, pressure on the material removal rate and the obtained holes accuracy. Micro-hole arrays of various shapes and with characteristic dimension ranging from 0.2 mm to 2 mm are successfully produced in glass plate of 0.4 mm thickness.
Aluminium Lined, Carbon Composite Overwrapped Pressure Vessel
Authors: Mujaheed Yunusa , Lei Zu , Dan Chen , Robert Tapa Arnauld 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
A numerical analysis of filament-reinforced internally pressurized cylindrical vessel with over-wrapped metallic liner is presented, the study deals with simulation of aluminium liner pressure vessel overwrapping by composite T800/epoxy was selected, ABAQUS Software was use in which 20 layers of composite were analysed. The stress state of the pressure vessel under the internal pressure of 33MPa was analysed, and the bursting strength was predicted to be 92.3MPa. MATLAB software was used to simulate the winding process, the 5 axis numerical control winding machine was used for the actual winding, and the fibres were arranged in a regular and uniform way, and the sliding phenomenon was not occurred. After solidifying, the bursting strength was 85.4MPa, and the difference between the actual value and the predicted value was 6.9%. The experimental results were in good agreement with the simulation results.
Characteristics of RF Magnetron Sputtered VO2 Thin Films for Potential Applications of Solar Control Coatings
Authors: Muslim Noormariah , Soon Ying Woan , Voo Nyuk Yoong 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Properties of vanadium dioxide or vanadia (VO2) thin films prepared using radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering with a pure VO2 target were analysed. The properties consisted of crystal structure, surface topography, surface morphology as well as optical and thermochromic properties of VO2 thin films. The deposition was conducted in an argon atmosphere of flow rate of 30 sccm, substrate temperature of 500 °C and RF sputtering power of 100 W. The film, which was deposited with film thickness of 50 nm, exhibited a single orientation of (110) orientation. The film surface featured quite homogeneous and continuous surface topography, and spherical-like grains that represented grains in VO2(M) phase. The film had low surface roughness resulting in quite high optical transmittance and relatively low optical reflectance, at room temperature throughout visible and near-infrared regions. Meanwhile, the film also showed a phase transition at ∼65.0 °C with hysteresis width of 38 °C.
Very High Cycle Fatigue Behaviour of the 316L Weldment Fabricated By Laser Butt-Welding
Authors: Xiong Z H , Ma X F , Qi X Y 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In nuclear industry, 316L weldments are widely used in components fabricating, which usually suffer from very-high-cycle fatigue. Therefore, the very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) behaviour of 316L weldment fabricated by laser butt-welding joint were studied using an ultrasonic fatigue testing system. The microscopic examination indicated that an evident pore is observed in the weld seam and the fine columnar-dendrite structure is formed in the central part of the weld seam. Near the weld interface in the weld seam, the weld microstructure shows larger columnar-dendrite. The hardness distribution of the weldment is to coincide with the characteristic of the microstructure. In the central part of the weld seam, the hardness is the highest, and is the lowest in the base metal. Fatigue failure still occurred in the VHCF regime. The fatigue crack initiated from the internal pores caused by laser butt-welding. Although the fatigue strength of weld seam might be decreased due to the pore, the fatigue strength of the weldment was the same as the base metal in this research. That is, the defect with a certain size in the weld seam does not affect the strength of the weldment.
Numerical Simulation Analysis of Surfacing Temperature Field of Pulling-straightening Roller
Authors: Luyang Jie , Hua Chen , Liyan Wang 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this paper, the ANSYS software thermal analysis is used to simulate the 0Cr13Ni4MoN surfacing process of the pulling-straightening roller. The Gaussian model was selected as the heat source model, and the direct solution method was used to calculate the temperature field of the surfacing process. The effects of preheating temperatures of 250°C, 300°C and 350°C on the temperature field of the pulling-straightening roller were discussed. The results show that the preheating temperature range of 250∼350°C gives a uniform temperature field.
Optimization Techniques and Multi-Objective Analysis in Hybrid Solar-Wind Power Systems for Grid-Connected Supply
Authors: Alaaeddin M. H. , Zakaria A. , Jani J.M. , Seyajah N. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Renewable energy has become a vital source for generating electricity, mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, and eliminating the reliance on non-renewable forms of energy. This work highlights on the urgent need for clean, efficient, and resilient energy sources through the development of advanced optimization methods. The hybrid solar-wind systems are meant to maximize power generation. Complexity arises when determining the optimum design, size, functionality, materials, distribution, and mechanism of each system as they are combined to ensure system reliability and optimal outcomes. The development of the new optimization methods (such as genetic algorithms, heuristic approaches, and particle swarm techniques) was generated to overcome the encountered barriers in traditional or classical approaches; such as in iterative techniques and linear programming methods. Additionally, the multi-objective analysis has been involved in various studies where vectors, criteria, and alternatives are applied with respect to the main objectives. However, further research efforts are encouraged to innovatively optimize hybrid solar-wind systems; including the optimization of hybrid solar-wind sizing (HSWS), design, capacity, battery storage, energy distribution systems and techno-economical considerations.
Design, Modeling and Analysis of a XY Nanopositioning Stage for High Speed Scanning
Authors: Lin Shenglong , Zhang Xianmin , Zhu Benliang 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In order to increase the imaging speed of scanning probe microscopy (SPM), especially atomic force microscopy (AFM) where needs a high-bandwidth moving stage possessing high resonant frequency and low cross-coupling, the paper proposes a kind of XY nanopositioning stage achieving about 10kHz resonant frequency, 15um×15um workspace and well decoupled performance. Considering the design objective, a compliant nanopositioning stage is built with doubly clamped beam and parallelogram hybrid beam for overcoming the problem of low natural frequency and cross-coupling performance. By establishing mathematical model of the proposed stage including stiffness model and resonant frequencies model, the paper solves the highest natural frequency with its optimal dimensions of beams by applying optimization. Finally the designed stage is imported to Workbench for the validation of mathematical model by simulation, where presents the FEA results can nicely match the analytical results.
Effect of Antioxidant on Storage Performance and Life Prediction of HTPB Propellant
Authors: Yongqiang Du , Jian Zheng , Jianzhuang Zhi , Xin Tu 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In order to study the aging property of HTPB propellant in storage and the effect of antioxidant on the storage life of propellant, accelerated aging tests were carried out for two types of propellant. A non-linear aging model was introduced into the classical Arrhenius equation, and the starting point of aging was modified. With the maximum elongation as the evaluation parameter, the storage life at 25 °C is 9.6 years with the critical value is 20%, and the storage life is 17.5 years with the critical value is 15%. By controlling the content of antioxidant in propellant, the formula of type I propellant was modified, and the life of propellant after modification was predicted. The storage life is 12.4 years at 25 °C with the critical value is 20%, and the storage life of propellant is 21.3 years when the critical value is 15%. It was proved that the storage life of propellant could be effectively improved by controlling the content of antioxidant.
Aerodynamic Performance of Dragonfly Forewing–Hindwing Interaction in Gliding Flight
Authors: Luo Yun , He Guoyi , Liu Huixiang , Wang Qi , Song Hang 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In order to study the aerodynamic performance of dragonfly forewing-hindwing interaction in gliding flight, the three-dimensional (3D) model with corrugation of dragonfly forewing and hindwing are established. This paper studied the aerodynamic effects of dragonfly forewing-hindwing interaction at gliding motion using the method of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for angles of attack changing from 0° to 25°(with an interval of 5°). Numerical simulation indicates that the interactions between forewing and hindwing enhance the aerodynamic performance of both forewing and hindwing to varying degrees compared to independent wings, especially the effect of forewing is more evident at small angle of attack.
Reduction of Trailing-Edge Noise by Means of Brush-Serrated Coupling Bionic Structure
Authors: Wang Yong , Zhao Yu , Tian Hao , Zhao Kun , Song Yu-Bao 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Bio-inspired noise reduction based on the silent flight characteristics of the owl is an effective passive aerodynamic noise control method. Inspired by the silent flight of owls, this paper investigates trailing edge noise control of the NACA 0012 airfoil by using a brush-serrated coupling bionic structure at chord based Reynolds numbers ranging from Rec
=6×105 to Rec
=1.2×106. Preliminary experimental results showed that the proposed brush-serrated coupling bionic structure can not only avoid low-frequency vortex shedding tonal noise caused by single serrated trailing edges, but also reduce noise emission in a wider frequency range, which can be widely used in aerodynamic noise control.
Particle Concentration Distribution Control Based on Shear Rate Gradient and Marangoni Convection in Microchannel
Authors: Shen Jinxin , Zhang Xiangjun , Zhong Hao , Cheng Wenjun , li Yong 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The application of the microfluidic chip to the immunoassay has many advantages such as high efficiency, low cost, and high integration. It is of great significance to understand the flow characteristics of fluids in microchannel, which can improve the efficiency and accuracy of detection. In this paper, the effects of microchannel structure on the particle concentration distribution in two-phase flow and the flow behaviour of near-wall layer are studied by microfluidic observation technique. Also, a kind of microchannel structure was designed to increase the particle concentration in the front-end of microfluidic.
Dynamic Characteristics Analysis of Cutterhead System with Uncertain Loads
Authors: Youneng Bao , Junzhou Huo , zhaohui Xu 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Tunnel boring machine (TBM) is a large and complex tunnel tunnelling equipment, which is widely used in underground works such as water conservancy, transportation, national defense and energy. In the construction of TBM, it is very difficult to predict the dynamic characteristics of the cutterhead system, because of its complexity and the uncertainty of the service environment, geological uncertainties and manufacturing process. To solve the above problems, first of all, this paper applies concentrated mass method, establishing a multi degree of freedom coupling dynamic model of TBM cutterhead system under uncertain excitation. Considering the changes between hob location and establishing the uncertain geological condition model, the load boundary with uncertainties is obtained and replaced by the load boundary. The dynamic characteristics of TBM cutter head system with uncertain load are obtained, which provides important basis for TBM vibration reduction and optimization design.
Optimization of experimental parameters for the mechanical characterization of thin elastic films
Authors: Gross Wolfgang , Kress Holger 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIndentation experiments are a common tool to measure the elastic properties of many different kinds of samples. However, only few techniques are available to measure the elastic modulus and the Poisson ratio of thin elastic films. Recently, we have described a novel technique based on the steel sphere method to simultaneously measure both parameters of a thin elastic film in a single experiment by placing millimeter-sized steel spheres on the films. In this work, we investigate how various measurement parameters can be tuned to increase the measurement accuracy significantly. These parameters include the number, size, and density of the spheres, the number of data points per sphere and the film thickness. With experiments and simulations we demonstrate that the precision of the measurement can be improved drastically if the parameters are chosen appropriately. We show how to adjust the number of data points to achieve a good balance between workload and accuracy. Additionally, the accuracy can be improved by covering a wide range of different indentation geometries. In particular the use of larger spheres and spheres with a higher density is generally more favorable. We provide Java software to easily adopt the technique and to simplify the data analysis.
The Snow Queer? Female Characterization in Walt Disney’s Frozen
Authors: Llompart Auba , Brugué Lydia 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHans Christian Andersen’s fairy tale ‘The Snow Queen’ (1845) and its film adaptations have been examined from multiple perspectives by previous scholarly criticism. Recently, Gender and Queer theories have placed particular emphasis on the presence of non-normative romantic relationships between characters, namely, attraction between a young boy and an older woman (Kay and the Snow Queen), homoeroticism (Gerda and the Robber Girl), and even incestuous desire (Kay and Gerda), among others. In this paper, we will concentrate on how the original fairy-tale female characters and their interrelationships have been reworked in Walt Disney’s Frozen (Chris Buck and Jennifer Lee, 2013), and we will analyse how the film’s representations of love, desire, and femininity simultaneously resemble and differ from its literary source. Firstly, we will explore how Andersen’s alluringly dangerous Snow Queen has been turned into a sympathetic character, Queen Elsa. Secondly, we argue that Gerda and Kay’s friendship has been transformed into sisterly love between the two female protagonists in the film, Elsa and Anna, whereas romantic heterosexual love, on the other hand, seems to have been relegated to a secondary narrative arc or done away with altogether, as the absence of a romantic partner for Elsa shows. Interestingly, having a Disney queen whose quest does not involve finding a husband has led some Frozen fans to speculate that Elsa could be the first lesbian Disney princess. Thus, we will also analyse Elsa’s character in connection with the different definitions of ‘queerness’. In light of all this, we discuss that Frozen is an example of the recent Disney trend to redefine true love and prioritize female bonding and empowerment. However, if we compare it to its literary precedent, the Disney adaptation seems to be less daring when it comes to portraying non-normative manifestations of love and femininity than Andersen’s original.
Neuropsychological Predictors of Decision-Making Capacity in Terminally Ill Patients with Advanced Cancer
Authors: Kolva Elissa , Rosenfeld Barry , Saracino Rebecca M 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this cross-sectional study was to identify the neuropsychological underpinnings of decision-making capacity in terminally ill patients with advanced cancer.MethodParticipants were 108 English-speaking adults. More than half (n = 58) of participants had a diagnosis of advanced cancer and were receiving inpatient palliative care; the rest were healthy adults. Participants completed a measure of decision-making capacity that assesses four legal standards of capacity (Choice, Understanding, Appreciation, and Reasoning), and several measures of neuropsychological functioning.ResultsPatients with terminal cancer were significantly more impaired on measures of capacity and neuropsychological functioning. Surprisingly, in the terminally ill sample, there were no significant correlations between neuropsychological functioning and decision-making capacity.ConclusionThe terminally ill sample exhibited high levels of neuropsychological impairment across multiple cognitive domains. However, few of the measures of neuropsychological functioning were significantly associated with performance on the decisional capacity subscales in the terminally ill sample. It is possible that end-of-life decisional capacity is governed by general, rather than domain-specific, cognitive abilities.