bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variable dust emission by WC type Wolf–Rayet stars observed in the NEOWISE-R survey
Authors: Williams P M 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Photometry at 3.4 and 4.6 ${\mu m}$ of 128 Population I WC type Wolf–Rayet stars in the Galaxy and 12 in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) observed in the WISE NEOWISE-R survey was searched for evidence of circumstellar dust emission and its variation. Infrared spectral energy distributions (SEDs) were assembled, making use of archival r, i, Z, and Y photometry to determine reddening and stellar wind levels for the WC stars found in recent IR surveys and lacking optical photometry. From their SEDs, 10 apparently non-variable stars were newly identified as dust makers, including three, WR 102-22, WR 110-10, and WR 124-10, having subtype earlier than WC8–9, the first such stars to show this phenomenon. The 11 stars found to show variable dust emission include six new episodic dust makers, WR 47c, WR 75-11, WR 91-1, WR 122-14, and WR 125-1 in the Galaxy and HD 38030 in the LMC. Of previously known dust makers, NEOWISE-R photometry of WR 19 captured its rise to maximum in 2018 confirming the 10.1-yr period, that of WR 125 the beginning of a new episode of dust formation suggesting a period near 28.3 yr. while that of HD 36402 covered almost a whole period and forced revision of it to 5.1 yr.
Manufacturing cosmic rays in the evolving dynamical states of galaxy clusters
Authors: John Reju Sam , Paul Surajit , Iapichino Luigi , Mannheim Karl , Kumar Harish 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Galaxy clusters are known to be reservoirs of cosmic rays (CRs), as inferred from theoretical calculations or detection of CR-derived observables. CR acceleration in clusters is mostly attributed to the dynamical activity that produces shocks. Shocks in clusters emerge out of merger or accretion, but which one is more effective in producing CRs? at which dynamical phase? and why? To this aim, we study the production or injection of CRs through shocks and its evolution in the galaxy clusters using cosmological simulations with the enzo code. Particle acceleration model considered here is primarily the Diffusive Shock Acceleration (DSA) of thermal particles, but we also report a tentative study with pre-existing CRs. Defining appropriate dynamical states using the concept of virialization, we studied a sample of merging and non-merging clusters. We report that the merger shocks (with Mach number $\mathcal {M}\sim 2-5$) are the most effective CR producers, while high-Mach peripheral shocks (i.e. $\mathcal {M}\gt 5$) are mainly responsible for the brightest phase of CR injection in clusters. Clusters once merged, permanently deviate from CR and X-ray mass scaling of non-merging systems, enabling us to use it as a tool to determine the state of merger. Through a temporal and spatial evolution study, we found a strong correlation between cluster merger dynamics and CR injection. We observed that the brightest phase of X-ray and CR injection from clusters occurs, respectively, at about 1.0 and 1.5 Gyr after every mergers, and CR injection peaks near to the cluster virial radius (i.e r200). Delayed CR injection peaks found in this study deserve further investigation for possible impact on the evolution of CR-derived observables from galaxy clusters.
The X-ray binary GX 339–4/V821 Ara: the distance, inclination, evolutionary status, and mass transfer
Authors: Zdziarski Andrzej A , Ziółkowski Janusz , Mikołajewska Joanna 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
We consider constraints on the distance, inclination, and component masses in the X-ray binary GX 339–4 resulting from published works, and then construct detailed evolutionary models for the donor. From both considerations, and assuming the black hole nature for the compact object (i.e. its mass ${\gt} 3\, \rm {M}_{\odot }$), the possible donor mass is ≈0.5–$1.4\, \rm {M}_{\odot }$, the inclination is ≈40°–60°, and the distance is ≈8–12 kpc. The corresponding mass of the compact object is ≈4–$11\, \rm {M}_{\odot }$. We then confirm a previous estimate that the theoretical conservative mass transfer rate in GX 339–4 is ${\lesssim} {10^{-9}}\, {\rm M}_{{\odot} }$ yr−1. This is ≳10 times lower than the average mass accretion rate estimated from the long-term X-ray light curve. We show that this discrepancy can be solved in two ways. One solution invokes irradiation of the donor by X-rays from accretion, which can temporarily enhance the mass transfer rate. We found that absorption of a ∼1 per cent of the irradiating luminosity results in the transfer rate equal to the accretion rate. The time-scale at which the transfer rate will vary is estimated to be ∼10 yr, which appears consistent with the observations. The other solution invokes non-conservative mass transfer. This requires that ≈70 per cent of the transferred mass escapes as a strong outflow and carries away the specific angular momentum comparable to that of the donor.
The Pisces Plume and the Magellanic wake
Authors: Belokurov Vasily , Deason Alis J , Erkal Denis , Koposov Sergey E , Carballo-Bello Julio A , Smith Martin C , Jethwa Prashin , Navarrete Camila 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Using RR Lyrae stars in the Gaia Data Release 2 and Pan-STARRS1 we study the properties of the Pisces overdensity, a diffuse substructure in the outer halo of the Milky Way. We show that along the line of sight, Pisces appears as a broad and long plume of stars stretching from 40 to 110 kpc with a steep distance gradient. On the sky Pisces’s elongated shape is aligned with the Magellanic Stream. Using follow-up VLT FORS2 spectroscopy, we have measured the velocity distribution of the Pisces candidate member stars and have shown it to be as broad as that of the Galactic halo but offset to negative velocities. Using a suite of numerical simulations, we demonstrate that the structure has many properties in common with the predicted behaviour of the Magellanic wake, i.e. the Galactic halo overdensity induced by the infall of the Magellanic Clouds.
Prolactin decreases LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines by inhibiting TLR-4/NFκB signaling in the human placenta
Authors: Olmos-Ortiz A , Déciga-García M , Preciado-Martínez E , Bermejo-Martínez L , Flores-Espinosa P , Mancilla-Herrera I , Irles C , Helguera-Repetto A C , Quesada-Reyna B , Goffin V , Díaz L , Zaga-Clavellina V 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Prolactin (PRL) plays an important role in trophoblast growth, placental angiogenesis and immunomodulation within the feto-maternal interface, where different cell types secrete PRL and express its receptor. During pregnancy, inflammatory signalling is a deleterious event that has been associated with poor fetal outcomes. The placenta is highly responsive to the inflammatory stimulus; however, the actions of PRL in placental immunity and inflammation remain largely unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate PRL effects on the TLR4/NFkB signalling cascade and associated inflammatory targets in cultured explants from healthy term human placentas. An in utero inflammatory scenario was mimicked using lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Escherichia coli. PRL significantly reduced LPS-dependent TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 secretion and intracellular levels. Mechanistically, PRL prevented LPS-mediated upregulation of TLR-4 expression and NFκB phosphorylation. In conclusion, PRL limited inflammatory responses to LPS in the human placenta, suggesting that this hormone could be critical in inhibiting exacerbated immune responses to infections that could threaten pregnancy outcome. This is the first evidence of a mechanism for anti-inflammatory activity of PRL in the human placenta, acting as a negative regulator of TLR-4/NFkB signaling.
The Effect of a 30-Min Water-Pipe Smoking Session on Cognitive Measures and Cardio-Pulmonary Parameters
Authors: Toukan Yazeed , Hakim Fahed , Bentur Yedidia , Aharon-Peretz Judith , Elemy Ameer , Gur Michal , Hanna Moneera , Fisher Tali , Scherb Inna , Bentur Lea 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Introduction
One session of water-pipe tobacco smoking (WPS) can increase carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) to levels comparable to those reported in carbon monoxide poisoning, which may cause memory impairment and confusion.

Methods
A prospective study evaluating healthy volunteers pre- and post-30 min of WPS session. Primary outcome parameters were executive cognitive measures [digit span test and Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT)]. The effect of repeated cognitive testing 30 min apart without WPS was evaluated in age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. Secondary outcome parameters included cardio-pulmonary, COHb, serum nicotine, and cytokine changes.

Results
Thirty-five subjects aged 25.6 ± 4.5 years smoked water-pipe for a 30-min session. Control group included 20 subjects aged 25.2 ± 5.1 years. Digit span test median score decreased after WPS (16 and 15, respectively, p = .003), insignificant decrease in controls. Median PASAT score increased after WPS (49 and 52, respectively, p = .009); however, a much larger significant increase was observed in controls (p ≤ .001). One WPS session resulted in significant increases in heart and respiratory rates and significant decrease in FEF25–75%. Post WPS, median COHb levels increased (from 2.2% to 10.7%, p &lt; .0001) as did median serum nicotine levels (from 1.2 to 26.8 ng/mL, p &lt; .0001). Serum cytokines levels: IL-2 and IL-6 increased (p &lt; .0001 for each), and IL-10 and IL-5 decreased (p &lt; .0001 and p = .04, respectively).

Conclusions
One session of WPS resulted in significant negative effects on cognitive executive measures, significant increases in COHb and serum nicotine levels, and significant changes in serum cytokines. Our findings call for increasing awareness towards the possible consequences of cognitive alterations following a 30-min session of WPS.

Implications
One 30-min session of water-pipe smoking resulted in negative effects on executive cognitive measures, increased carboxyhemoglobin and serum nicotine, and significant changes in serum cytokine levels. This study adds to the accumulating evidence on the harmful effects of water-pipe smoking, a growing epidemic, and calls for awareness of its possible consequences of acute cognitive alterations.
The relative incidence of cardiogenic and septic shock in neonates
Authors: Chan Ka Hong , Sanatani Shubhayan , Potts James E , Harris Kevin C 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the relative incidence of cardiogenic and septic shock in term neonates and identify findings that help differentiate the two entities.

Study Design
We conducted a retrospective chart review of term neonates presenting to British Columbia Children’s Hospital (BCCH) with decompensated shock of an undiagnosed etiology between January 1, 2008 and January 1, 2013. Charts were reviewed to determine the underlying diagnoses of all neonates meeting our inclusion criteria. Patients were categorized as having septic, cardiogenic, or other etiologies of shock. We then evaluated potential demographic, clinical, and biochemical parameters that could help differentiate between septic and cardiogenic shock.

Results
Cardiogenic shock was more common than septic shock (relative risk=1.53). A history of cyanosis was suggestive of cardiogenic shock (positive likelihood ratio, LR+=3.2 and negative likelihood ratio, LR−=0.4). Presence of a murmur or gallop (LR+=5.4, LR−=0.3), or decreased femoral pulses (LR+=5.1, LR−=0.5) on physical exam were also suggestive of cardiogenic shock as was cardiomegaly on chest x-ray (LR+=4.9, LR−=0.5). Notably, temperature instability (LR+=0.7, LR−=1.8) and white blood cell count elevation or depression (LR+=0.8, LR−=1.1) were all poor predictors of septic shock.

Conclusion
Cardiogenic shock is a more common cause of decompensated shock than septic shock. A history of cyanosis, murmur or gallop, or decreased femoral pulses on exam and cardiomegaly on chest x-ray are useful indicators of cardiogenic shock. In evaluating the neonate with decompensated shock, early consideration for Cardiology consultation and interventions to treat the underlying condition is warranted.
Zooplankton metabolism in South African estuaries: does habitat type influence ecological strategies?
Authors: Tagliarolo M , Porri F , Garvie C D , Lechman K , Scharler U M 
Published: June 2019

AbstractZooplankton community composition, biomass and metabolism can vary drastically over space and time in subtropical estuaries. Changing environmental conditions can affect communities differently, depending on the characteristics of the species involved. In the present study, we compared the rates of oxygen consumption of the dominant zooplankton taxa living in permanently open and in temporally open/closed estuaries. The metabolic response was tested at four temperatures experienced by the animals in their natural environment. Zooplankton from the temporally open/closed estuary showed low activation energies and low rate of metabolism at the highest temperature tested. Animals from the permanently open estuary had higher respiration rates at increased temperatures than those from the open/closed counterpart, with one taxon showing a particularly strong response to temperature increase. Results suggest that the metabolism of zooplankton in subtropical estuaries can be influenced by the environmental conditions experienced and those characteristics need to be accounted for in the development of bioenergetics budgets of species and ecosystems.
Long-term safety and limited organ damage in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus treated with belimumab: a Phase III study extension
Authors: van Vollenhoven Ronald F , Navarra Sandra V , Levy Roger A , Thomas Mathew , Heath Amy , Lustine Todd , Adamkovic Anthony , Fettiplace James , Wang Mei-Lun , Ji Beulah , Roth David 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis extension study of the Phase III, randomized, placebo-controlled Belimumab International SLE Study (BLISS)-52 and BLISS-76 studies allowed non-US patients with SLE to continue belimumab treatment, in order to evaluate its long-term safety and tolerability including organ damage accrual.MethodsIn this multicentre, long-term extension study (GlaxoSmithKline Study BEL112234) patients received i.v. belimumab every 4 weeks plus standard therapy. Adverse events (AEs) were assessed monthly and safety-associated laboratory parameters were assessed at regular intervals. Organ damage (SLICC/ACR Damage Index) was assessed every 48 weeks. The study continued until belimumab was commercially available, with a subsequent 8-week follow-up period.ResultsA total of 738 patients entered the extension study and 735/738 (99.6%) received one or more doses of belimumab. Annual incidence of AEs, including serious and severe AEs, remained stable or declined over time. Sixty-nine (9.4%) patients experienced an AE resulting in discontinuation of belimumab or withdrawal from the study. Eleven deaths occurred (and two during post-treatment follow-up), including one (cardiogenic shock) considered possibly related to belimumab. Laboratory parameters generally remained stable. The mean (s.d.) SLICC/ACR Damage Index score was 0.6 (1.02) at baseline (prior to the first dose of belimumab) and remained stable. At study year 8, 57/65 (87.7%) patients had no change in SLICC/ACR Damage Index score from baseline, indicating low organ damage accrual.ConclusionBelimumab displayed a stable safety profile with no new safety signals. There was minimal organ damage progression over 8 years.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, https://clinicaltrials.gov, NCT00424476 (BLISS-52), NCT00410384 (BLISS-76), NCT00732940 (BEL112232), NCT00712933 (BEL112234).
Cardiovascular risk factors associated with polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis in a prospective cohort: EPIC-Norfolk Study
Authors: Yates Max , Luben Robert , Hayat Shabina , Mackie Sarah L , Watts Richard A , Khaw Kay-Tee , Wareham Nick J , MacGregor Alex J 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Objectives
PMR and GCA are associated with increased risk of vascular disease. However, it remains unclear whether this relationship is causal or reflects a common underlying propensity. The aim of this study was to identify whether known cardiovascular risk factors increase the risk of PMR and GCA.

Methods
Clinical records were examined using key word searches to identify cases of PMR and GCA, applying current classification criteria in a population-based cohort. Associations between cardiovascular risk factors and incident PMR and GCA were analysed using Cox proportional hazards.

Results
In 315 022 person years of follow-up, there were 395 incident diagnoses of PMR and 118 incident diagnoses of GCA that met the clinical definition. Raised diastolic blood pressure (&gt;90 mmHg) at baseline/recruitment was associated with subsequent incident PMR [hazard ratio=1.35 (95% CI 1.01, 1.80) P=0.045], and ever-smoking was associated with incident GCA [hazard ratio=2.01 (95% CI 1.26, 3.20) P=0.003]. Estimates were similar when the analysis was restricted to individuals whose diagnoses satisfied the current classification criteria sets.

Conclusion
PMR and GCA shares common risk factors with vascular disease onset, suggesting a common underlying propensity. This may indicate a potential for disease prevention strategies through modifying cardiovascular risk.
Efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in a real-life observational cohort of patients with polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Grönlund Minna-Maija , Remes-Pakarinen Terhi , Kröger Liisa , Markula-Patjas Kati , Backström Maria , Putto-Laurila Anne , Aalto Kristiina , Vähäsalo Paula 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the patterns of usage, efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in polyarticular JIA.

Methods
An observational study of 56 consecutive polyarticular JIA patients was conducted using patient charts and electronic JIA databases. Efficacy was assessed by tocilizumab survival, rates of low disease activity (LDA) and of inactive disease by 10-joint Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score (JADAS-10), and of clinically inactive disease according to Wallace’s preliminary criteria. Efficacy and rate of adverse events (AEs) were evaluated during a 24-month period after tocilizumab commencement.

Results
Tocilizumab was started on average as third-line biological agent (median, range first- to fourth-line) at a median disease duration of 5.2 years (interquartile range 3.0–7.7). Survival rates were 82% at 12 months and 64% at 24 months. The reasons for discontinuation were inadequate treatment effect in 50%, AE plus inadequate treatment effect in 37.5% and AE alone in 12.5%. LDA (JADAS-10 ⩽3.9) was reached in 58% at 12 months and in 84% at 24 months, inactive disease (JADAS-10 ⩽0.7) in 19% and 44%, and clinically inactive disease in 28% and 46%, respectively. The rate of AEs was 200.9/100 patient years and of serious AEs 12.9/100 patient years.

Conclusion
Survival of tocilizumab was high and a large proportion of the treatment-resistant patients reached LDA at 12 months of treatment. The LDA rate continued to increase throughout 24 months. The rates of AEs and serious AEs were higher than in register studies but lower than in the originator study of tocilizumab.
GAMMA DOSE RATES IN THE HIGH BACKGROUND RADIATION AREA OF MANGALORE REGION, INDIA
Authors: Al-Azmi Darwish , Kumara Sudeep , Mohan M P , Karunakara N 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Elevated levels of natural background radiation due to scattered patches of monazite sand around the beaches of Mangalore, India, have been reported earlier. A comparative study of gamma dose rates was performed in both normal background and high natural background radiation areas around Mangalore using different types of portable gamma dosimeters. In addition to this, gamma-ray energy spectra were acquired, in situ, using a NaI(Tl) based portable gamma spectrometer. Soil and sand samples were collected for laboratory analysis with HPGe detectors. Measurements were carried out during the years 2016–18 revealed that in majority of the locations the gamma dose rates were similar to the normal background regions, whereas, in certain locations the dose rates were higher with values up to 530 nSv/h.
Restricted generalizability of city innovation policies: The case of E-hailing in China
Authors: Sharif Naubahar , Xing Jack Linzhou 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Electronic-hailing (e-hailing) has experienced explosive growth in China. The Chinese government’s e-hailing policies illustrate its central–regional policy mix. This study analyzes e-hailing policies in four Chinese cities—Xi’an, Chengdu, Beijing, and Guangzhou—and compares these policies with goals in four policy areas. We show that local Chinese governments’ attitudes toward e-hailing are varied, contradictory, and in some cases even not in accordance with central government policies. Our insights demonstrate the limited generalizability of the policymaking experiments we studied. It would be difficult to infer broad policy implications from the experience any of the four cities has had with e-hailing, because China’s regionally decentralized innovation system and policy experiment process address the unique needs and contexts of regional governments on a case-by-case basis.
Bioavailability of l-lysine sulfate relative to l-lysine HCl for growing–finishing pigs
Authors: Li Qingyun , Gould Stacie A , Htoo John Khun Kyaw , González-Vega J Caroline , Patience John F 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the relative bioavailability (RBV) of l-Lys sulfate in comparison to l-Lys HCl based on the growth performance response from approximately 26 to 48 kg and from approximately 68 to 114 kg. The effect of Lys source on blood urea nitrogen (BUN), digestibility of dry matter (DM) and sulfur (S), as well as carcass characteristics was determined. A total of 280 growing pigs (25.9 ± 0.25 kg BW) were randomly assigned to one of seven dietary treatments in 56 pens, with five pigs per pen. The diets included a Lys-deficient basal diet (65% of requirement) and the basal diet supplemented with three graded levels of Lys (75%, 85%, and 95% of requirement), as either l-Lys HCl (78.8% Lys purity) or l-Lys sulfate (54.6% Lys purity). The experiment lasted for 112 d, with four dietary phases: Phase 1 lasted for 4 wk (BW: 25.9 to 47.5 kg), Phase 2 lasted for 3 wk (common commercial diet as washout period), Phase 3 lasted for 5 wk (BW: 67.5 to 98.2 kg), and Phase 4 lasted for 3 or 4 wk to reach an average market weight of 114.2 kg. Fresh fecal samples of pigs fed the highest levels of Lys (both Lys sources) were collected on 7 to 10 days after the beginning of Phase 3 for digestibility assay. Blood samples were collected on day 21 and day 81 to determine BUN. Carcass data were collected at a commercial packing plant. Data were analyzed using PROC GLM of SAS (9.4) according to a completely randomized design with pen as the experimental unit. The RBV of l-Lys sulfate was determined using the multiple regression slope-ratio method. Increasing levels of Lys, independent of source, increased (P &lt; 0.05) BW, ADG, and feed efficiency during Phases 1, 3, and 4; market BW increased linearly (P &lt; 0.01) and backfat and BUN decreased linearly (P &lt; 0.01). Lysine source had no impact on growth performance, carcass characteristics, BUN, or digestibility of S and DM. The RBV of l-Lys sulfate compared with l-Lys HCl was also not different based upon ADG or G:F during Phase 1, 3, or 4. These data suggest that the bioavailability of Lys in l-Lys sulfate and l-Lys HCl is at least equivalent for growing–finishing pigs.