bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel heterogeneous La0.8Sr0.2CoO3−δ/(La0.5Sr0.5)2CoO4+δ dual‐phase membrane for oxygen separation
Authors: Han Ning , Wang Wei , Zhang Shuguang , Sunarso Jaka , Zhu Zhonghua , Liu Shaomin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDual‐phase membrane is an attractive concept that combines the advantages of two different phases into single membrane matrix. The recently reported significant enhancement of oxygen surface kinetics on the La0.8Sr0.2CoO3−δ (LSC)/(La0.5Sr0.5)2CoO4+δ (LSC214) hetero‐interface due to the formation of fast oxygen transport paths along hetero‐interface is adopted into dual‐phase membrane to achieve enhanced oxygen permeability. The 1300°C sintered LSC/LSC214 (4:1 weight ratio) hollow fiber displayed a maximum oxygen flux of 3.35 ml·min−1·cm−2 at 900°C and 200 ml min−1 helium sweep gas flow rate, which represents up to 80% enhancement relative to that of the 1300°C sintered LSC hollow fiber at the same experimental condition. Such enhancement is enabled by the enlargement of triple phase boundaries to larger areas across the membrane surface for dual‐phase case as confirmed by the significantly lower area specific resistance for LSC/LSC214|Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 (SDC)|LSC/LSC214 relative to LSC|SDC|LSC symmetrical cell between 600°C and 800°C. This nominal dual‐phase LSC/LSC214 hollow fiber also showed very stable fluxes of 3.3 and 2.3 ml·min−1·cm−2 during 300‐hr permeation test at 900°C and 850°C, respectively.
DMSO as solvent on the synthesis of flame‐retardant polyether polyols
Authors: Borreguero Ana M. , Rodríguez Juan F. , Velencoso María M. , Serrano Ángel , Ramos María J. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTPolyether polyols with flame‐retardant properties are synthesized using glycerol phosphate disodium salt as an initiator and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a solvent. The molecular weight of the polyol decreased when higher solvent to initiator ratios were used, revealing that a larger amount of salt was activated. In addition, the larger the amount of activated salt was, the higher the percentage of phosphorous was in the final polyol. Glycerol phosphate disodium salt was still partially insoluble in the studied proportions of DMSO. Thus, the recovery and reuse of this part of the salt for the synthesis of new flame‐retardant polyols were evaluated. The recovered salt promoted a shorter induction period because it presented a larger amount of deprotonated hydroxyl groups. In addition, there were no differences between both synthesized polyols, indicating that it is possible to use the recovered salt in the same way as it is used commercially with the advantage of a shorter induction period for polymerization. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47042.
Organizational culture and public diplomacy in the digital sphere: The case of South Korea
Authors: Robertson Jeffrey 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDigital diplomacy is the latest technological advance to push change in diplomatic practice. It relates to the application of digital technologies, including information and communication technologies, software engineering and big data, and artificial intelligence, to the practice of diplomacy.Positioned in the top ranks of connectivity, internet speed, smartphone ownership, and social media usage, South Korea should be a leader in the use of digital technologies in diplomatic practice. However, South Korea is not a leader; indeed, it has been left behind.I explore digital diplomacy as a “disruptive technology” and look at criteria for organizational adaptation. I then use these criteria to assess South Korea's adaptation and draw from these the specific policy challenges facing South Korea. To conclude, I propose four core criteria to aid digital diplomacy adaptation in South Korea and other similar states.
Apatinib targets both tumor and endothelial cells in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yang Chaoxu , Qin Shukui 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies worldwide with poor prognosis and tends to be hypervascular. Aberrant expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor 2 (VEGFR‐2) has been implicated in the progression of HCC and represents a valid target for anticancer therapy. Apatinib, a small molecule inhibitor of VEGFR‐2 tyrosine kinase, shows strong antitumor activity in various tumors. This study is designed to evaluate the activity of apatinib on both human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) and HCC cell lines (in vitro and in vivo), and also to investigate the characteristics and possible mechanisms underlying these effects by molecular biology methods. Following the results in our study, apatinib inhibited phosphorylation of VEGFR‐2 in HUVECs and blocked in vitro endothelial cell migration and tube formation. Concentration‐dependent antiproliferative effects of apatinib were also observed in all 6 HCC cell lines including SK‐Hep‐1, HepG2, Hep3B, Huh‐7, PLC/PRF/5, SMMC‐7721. Moreover, response to apatinib of HCC cell lines was significantly correlated with VEGFR‐2 expression level. Additionally, apatinib significantly inhibit VEGF‐triggered VEGFR‐2 phosphorylation and activation of downstream signaling molecules such as Akt and ERK1/2 in HCCs. Apatinib can also induce a cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and promote HCC apoptosis tested in vitro. In vivo data showed that apatinib can effectively inhibit tumor growth, decreased angiogenesis, as well as induced HCC apoptosis (in some tumors), and thus prolonged animal survival in a mouse xenograft model of human HCC. Our findings suggested that apatinib is a highly potent, oral active anti‐angiogenic, and anti‐HCC agent. The results from current study provide a clear biological rationale to evaluate apatinib as a new agent in HCC in clinical setting, especially for the VEGFR‐2 overexpression ones.
Prenatally diagnosed large mediastinal lymphangioma: A case report
Authors: Tanaka Hideaki , Masumoto Kouji , Aoyama Tomohiro , Sanmoto Youhei , Ono Kentaro , Sakamoto Naoya , Kawakami Hajime 
Published: August 2018

Key Clinical MessageThoroughly planned labor with immediate postnatal resuscitation and percutaneous decompression is mandatory for a large mediastinal lymphangioma that compromises the cardiopulmonary function, and close observation with the administration of Eppikajutsuto (TJ‐28), a Japanese herbal medicine, may be a reasonable treatment, especially when resection of the lesion seems technically challenging.
Ambient Electrochemical Synthesis of Ammonia from Nitrogen and Water Catalyzed by Flower‐Like Gold Microstructures
Authors: Wang Ziqiang , Li Yinghao , Yu Hongjie , Xu You , Xue Hairong , Li Xiaonian , Wang Hongjing , Wang Liang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractElectrochemical nitrogen reduction to ammonia is proposed as a promising alternative to the Haber–Bosch process because it can be driven by renewable electricity at ambient conditions. Currently, the development of such a process is hampered by the lack of efficient electrocatalysts for the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR). Herein, we report a super‐rapid approach for the synthesis of flower‐like Au microstructures (Au flowers) within 5 s. The obtained Au structures are assembled by staggered nanoplates as building blocks, which provide abundant electrocatalytically active sites for the NRR. The Au flowers achieve a high performance (NH3 yield: 25.57 μg h−1 mgcat.−1; faradaic efficiency: 6.05 %), 100 % selectivity (no N2H4 production), and long‐term durability toward the electrochemical ammonia production. The work is highly valuable for the rapid synthesis of active catalysts for the NRR.
Room‐Temperature Synthesis of Covalent Organic Framework (COF‐LZU1) Nanobars in CO2/Water Solvent
Authors: Zhang Fanyu , Zhang Jianling , Zhang Bingxing , Tan Xiuniang , Shao Dan , Shi Jinbiao , Tan Dongxing , Liu Lifei , Feng Jiaqi , Han Buxing , Yang Guanying , Zheng Lirong , Zhang Jing 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe development of facile, rapid, low‐energy, environmentally benign routes for the synthesis of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is of great interest. This study concerns the utilization of water containing dissolved CO2 as a solvent for the room‐temperature synthesis of COF. The as‐synthesized particles, denoted COF‐LZU1, combine advantages of good crystallinity, nanoscale size, and high surface area, which suggests promising application as a support for heterogeneous catalysts. Moreover, this versatile CO2‐assisted method is also applicable for the room‐temperature synthesis of Cu−COF‐LZU1. This method gives rise to new opportunities for fabricating COFs and COF‐based materials with different compositions and structures.
Flow cytometry in formamide treated cells
Authors: Radicchio Giovanna , Colicchia Valeria , Marrapodi Ramona , Carbonari Maurizio 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe use of formamide for the study in flow cytometry of cell cycle phases, by DNA content measurement in human cancer cell lines, was recently published. In this manuscript, we verify the possibility of extending the procedure to simultaneous analysis of other parameters. The results obtained, here reported, show that the treatment of samples by formamide is compatible with the simultaneous detection of DNA content and surface phenotypes, with quantification of replicating DNA and with measurement of cells with fractional content of DNA. For each of these three applications, we have adapted the procedure to gain simple, reproducible and above all advantageous protocols. Regarding the simultaneous analysis of DNA content and phenotyping the use of formamide achieves optimal DNA stoichiometric staining (C.V. < 3; G2/G1 ratio = 2 ± 0.05) and sufficient maintenance of physical parameters and membrane fluorescence. In the study of duplicating DNA labeled with click chemistry, our procedure eliminates paraformaldehyde (PFA) fixation improving the DNA stoichiometric staining and allows the use of 7‐aminoactinomycin D (7‐AAD) preserving the Alexa Fluor 488 quantum efficiency. Concerning the detection of cells with fractional content of DNA, permeabilization and fixation by formamide gives the advantage of resolve on linear scale sub‐G1 cells from debris and to allow optimal sample recovery (>90%) which is essential in the study of cell necrobiology. Cells treatment by formamide, suitably modified for different applications, can be used to prepare cell samples for flow cytometry analyses that go far beyond stoichiometric staining of DNA.
Toxic dinoflagellates produce true grazer deterrents
Authors: Xu Jiayi , Kiørboe Thomas 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMany phytoplankton species produce toxic substances, but their functional role is unclear. Specifically, it remains uncertain whether these compounds have a toxic or deterrent effect on grazers; only, the latter is consistent with toxins as defensive tools. Here, we show that 10 of 12 species or strains of toxic dinoflagellates were consumed at lower rates than a similarly sized nontoxic dinoflagellate by a copepod. Through video observations of individual prey–grazer interactions, we further demonstrate that the dominating mechanism is through capture, examination, and subsequent rejection of vital cells, that is, a true deterrent effect that offers a straightforward explanation to its evolution. We argue that the diversity of grazer responses to toxic phytoplankton reported in the literature, including toxic effects, and the high diversity of toxin profiles between strains of the same phytoplankton species reflect different stages of an ever‐ongoing evolutionary arms race, facilitated by rapid adaptation of grazers to toxic substances. We further argue that defensive toxicity requires a chemical signal exterior to the cell that informs the grazer about the toxicity of the cell. The signal can be the toxin itself or just an aposematic signal of toxicity. In the former case, allelochemical effects may emerge at high cell concentrations as a nonadaptive side effect of a predator defenses.
Visible light‐based indoor localization using k‐means clustering and linear regression
Authors: Saadi Muhammad , Saeed Zeeshan , Ahmad Touqeer , Saleem M. Kamran , Wuttisittikulkij Lunchakorn 
Published: August 2018

AbstractVisible light positioning techniques employing received signal strength (RSS)–based fingerprints are becoming popular and ubiquitous. However, RSS is more susceptible to signal degradation and environmental changes resulting in location inaccuracies. To minimize these limitations, clustering in conjunction with linear regression is applied to RSS database made up of light intensity variations of light emitting diodes. Optimum cluster size is determined and trained clusters are exploited for location assessment by curtailing the difference between the database readings and cluster centroids. Regression is then applied on the clustered data, which partitions it further and helps refining the results. Simulation results of the proposed algorithm dictate a significant improvement in location estimation accuracy of up to 40 cm in an indoor environment with the dimensions of 5 m × 5 m × 4 m and exhibit superior performance than many state‐of‐the‐art RSS‐based methods.
Design, Synthesis, and Antibacterial Evaluation of Propylene‐tethered 8‐Methoxyl Ciprofloxacin‐isatin Hybrids
Authors: Guo Hua 
Published: August 2018

A series of 8‐methoxyl ciprofloxacin (8‐OMe CPFX)‐isatin hybrids 3a–f and 4a–f tethered through propylene were designed, synthesized, and examined for their in vitro antibacterial activities against a panel of Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative pathogens including drug‐resistant bacteria. All the synthesized hybrids (minimum inhibitory concentration: ≤0.03–64 μg/mL) exhibited considerable activities against the tested strains, especially against the Gram‐negative pathogens. Among them, hybrid 3b was no inferior to the parent 8‐OMe CPFX that could act as a starting point for further optimization.
Special heavy plate solutions for bridges
Authors: Lehnert Tobias 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn many European countries, both road and railway infrastructure needs intensive investment to keep up with the growing demands of mobility [1] and goods traffic. Steel or steel‐concrete composite bridges offer viable and very sustainable solutions in this context [2]. Owing to its unlimited recyclability, steel can generally be regarded as the ideal material for such sustainable structures. In particular, when designers or fabricators exploit the possibilities of the steel industry available nowadays, very cost‐efficient and remarkable structures are feasible. This paper will highlight some of the newest developments in heavy plates for bridge‐building. For example, the so‐called thick‐plate trough bridges have proved to be a favourable concept for small‐span railway bridges [3]. Very heavy plates with single plate weights of up to 42 t allow these bridges to be built very efficiently from just one or very few single plates. Another interesting development is the so‐called longitudinally profiled plate, which allows the plate thickness to be varied along the actual loading profile. Finally, the benefits of high‐thickness thermomechanically rolled plates (TM steel) will be discussed; these offer an ideal solution as the use of higher‐strength steels in bridge‐building gains more and more ground.
Integration of renewable energy systems and challenges for dynamics, control, and automation of electrical power systems
Authors: Sajadi Amirhossein , Strezoski Luka , Strezoski Vladimir , Prica Marija , Loparo Kenneth A. 
Published: August 2018

This paper tackles the key challenges for dynamics, control, and automation of power systems that are imposed by the integration of renewable power plants. First, the current practice of automation and control in large‐scale power systems are reviewed. Then, dynamics and control of electrical transmission systems are discussed and the issues associated with the integration of large‐scale wind and solar power plants are exploited. The discussion carries on with a focus on control of electrical distribution systems and the key issues associated with the integration of distributed generation power plants. An emerging concern in power and energy industry is the dynamic interaction between transmission and distribution systems as a result of technological and topological changes in power systems that can put their control at risk. These topics are also covered in this paper. In terms of automation, the key challenges and opportunities for accommodation of higher penetration and share of renewable energy, as part of the vision for grid modernization, are explored in this paper. Throughout the discussion, some results from the recent studies are shown.This article is categorized under:
Energy Infrastructure > Systems and Infrastructure
Numerical simulation of the tissue differentiation and corrosion process of biodegradable magnesium implants during bone fracture healing
Authors: Ma Songyun , Zhou Bei , Markert Bernd 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBiodegradable magnesium implants are considered as promising fixation devices in the orthopaedic application to replace the conventional implants with unexpected properties. Extensive applications of magnesium implants are still limited by the uncontrolled corrosion rate in the body fluid and their interactions with the tissue differentiation during bone healing. In addition, the evaluation of the mechanical integrity of implants is essential for stabilisation fractured bones. Therefore, a modelling approach is required to investigate the effect of the degradation process of implants on the healing efficiency of fractured bones. In the present work, a mechano‐regulatory model based on the biphasic stimuli is used to simulate tissue differentiation of fractured tibia. A corrosion damage model is extended by employing a nonlocal integral formulation to describe the pitting corrosion of magnesium implants. The physiological loadings are taken into account in 3D simulations. The simulation results are consistent with the experimental observation in the literature. The present modelling approach provides an efficient tool in the design and the performance evaluation of biodegradable magnesium implants.
Lay Perspectives on Receiving Different Types of Genomic Secondary Findings: a Qualitative Vignette Study
Authors: Vornanen M. , Aktan‐Collan K. , Hallowell N. , Konttinen H. , Haukkala A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractGenome‐wide sequencing may generate secondary findings (SFs). It is recommended that validated, clinically actionable SFs are reported back to patients/research participants. To explore publics’ perspectives on the best ways to do this, we performed a vignette study among Finnish adults. Our aim was to explore how lay people react to different types of hypothetical genomic SFs. Participants received a hypothetical letter revealing a SF predisposing to a severe but actionable disease—cardiovascular disease (familial hypercholesterolemia, long QT syndrome) or cancer (Lynch syndrome, Li–Fraumeni syndrome). Participants (N = 29) wrote down their initial reactions, and discussed (N = 23) these in focus groups. Data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Reactions to hypothetical SFs varied according to perceived severity and familiarity of the diseases. SFs for cancer were perceived as more threatening than for cardiovascular diseases, but less distressing than risk for psychiatric or neurological disorders, which participants spontaneously brought up. Illness severity in terms of lived experience, availability of treatment, stigma, and individual’s responsibility to control risk were perceived to vary across these disease types. In addition to clinical validity and utility, SF reporting practices need to take into account potential familiarity and lay illness representations of different diseases. Illness representations may influence willingness to receive SFs, and individuals’ reactions to this information.
Outcome of Patients With Inherited Neurotransmitter Disorders
Authors: Cordeiro Dawn , Bullivant Garrett , Cohn Ronald D. , Raiman Julian , Mercimek-Andrews Saadet 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe report the outcome of 12 patients with inherited neurotransmitter disorders of monoamine, tetrahydrobiopterin and γ amino butyric acid metabolisms from a single Inherited Neurotransmitter Disorder Clinic including tyrosine hydroxylase (n=2), aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase (n=1), 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase, dihydropteridine reductase and succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiencies. Six patients (with 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase, dihydropteridine reductase and tyrosine hydroxylase deficiencies) had normal neurodevelopmental outcome on treatment. Tetrahydrobiopterin loading test in newborns with positive newborn screening for phenylketonuria will identify patients with 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase and dihydropteridine reductase deficiencies resulting in abnormal neurotransmitter synthesis in the central nervous system in the neonatal period to initiate disease-specific treatment to improve neurodevelopmental outcome.
Vernacular imaginaries of European border security among citizens: From walls to information management
Authors: Löfflmann Georg , Vaughan-Williams Nick 
Published: August 2018

AbstractOur primary aim in this article is to explore vernacular constructions of Europe’s so-called ‘migration crisis’ from the grounded everyday perspectives of EU citizens. We do so as a critical counterpoint to dominant elite scripts of the crisis, which are often reliant upon securitised representations of public opinion as being overwhelmingly hostile to migrants and refugees and straightforwardly in favour of tougher deterrent border security. In addition to broadening the range of issues analysed in vernacular security studies, the article seeks to make three principal contributions. Theoretically, we argue for an approach to the study of citizens’ views and experiences of migration and border security that is sensitive to the performative effects of research methods and the circular logic between securitising modes of knowledge production and policy justification. Methodologically, we outline and apply an alternative approach in response to these dynamics, drawing on the potential of critical focus groups and a desecuritising ethos. Empirically, we identify a vernacular theory of ‘the border’ asinformation management, and a significantinformation gapprevalent among participants with otherwise opposing views towards migration. These findings challenge bifurcated understandings of public opinion towards migration into Europe and point to the existence of vernacular border security imaginaries beyondeither‘closed’or‘open’ borders.