bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The BIM pilot project Köstendorf – Salzburg
Authors: Kohlböck Bernhard , Griesser Ewald , Hillisch Stefan , Birgmann Harald , Fasching Alfred 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe new approx. 21 km long section between Köstendorf and Salzburg is one of the last major milestones in the upgrading of the Salzburg–Vienna rail corridor to four tracks. The section comprises a multitude of different civil engineering structures, posing high demands on the interdisciplinary design team. The open sections of the alignment require many over‐ and underpasses and road diversions. In addition, the majority of the section runs underground through the Flachgau Tunnel, which has the particular feature of a tunnel bridge. The aim of the BIM project is to provide a software‐independent, integrated model of the whole project. All parties involved in the project collaborate to define the LOD for the terrain, existing building, land use and geological models, as well as the models for the proposed new infrastructure for the open section, tunnels, ventilation control building, bridges, civil structures and drainage. The LoD are defined in parallel with the AIA according to the KISTE infrastructure identification system used by ÖBB (Austrian Federal Railways). At the same time, the BIM execution plans are generated by the team and adapted to the new BIM processes. The opportunities provided by the element‐based display and evaluation are anticipated to lead to considerable improvements in the field of interdisciplinary design and visualisation studies. The present article describes the current state of work and provides a preview of future developments.
Interleukin-34, a comprehensive review
Authors: Baghdadi Muhammad , Umeyama Yui , Hama Naoki , Kobayashi Takuto , Han Nanumi , Wada Haruka , Seino Ken-ichiro 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
IL-34 is a novel cytokine that was identified in 2008 in a comprehensive proteomic analysis as a tissue-specific ligand of CSF-1 receptor (CSF-1R). IL-34 exists in all vertebrates including fish, amphibians, birds, and mammals, showing high conservation among species. Structurally, IL-34 belongs to the short-chain helical hematopoietic cytokine family but shows no apparent consensus structural domains, motifs, or sequence homology with other cytokines. IL-34 is synthesized as a secreted homodimeric glycoprotein that binds to the extracellular domains of CSF-1R and receptor-type protein-tyrosine phosphatase-zeta (PTP-ζ) in addition to the chondroitin sulfate chains of syndecan-1. These interactions result in activating several signaling pathways that regulate major cellular functions, including proliferation, differentiation, survival, metabolism, and cytokine/chemokine expression in addition to cellular adhesion and migration. In the steady state, IL-34 contributes to the development and maintenance of specific myeloid cell subsets in a tissue-specific manner: Langerhans cells in the skin and microglia in the brain. In pathological conditions, changes in IL-34 expression—increased or decreased—are involved in disease pathogenesis and correlate with progression, severity, and chronicity. One decade after its discovery, IL-34 has been introduced as a newcomer to the big family of interleukins with specific physiological functions, critical pathological roles, and promising clinical applications in disease diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we celebrate the 10th anniversary of IL-34 discovery, introducing its biological characteristics, and discussing the importance of IL-34 signaling network in health and disease.
IL-34, a newcomer to the big family of interleukins with specific physiological functions and critical pathological roles.
Phosphorus bioavailability of sewage sludge‐based recycled fertilizers in an organically managed field experiment
Authors: Wollmann Iris , Möller Kurt 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRecycled phosphorus (P) fertilizers from sewage sludge can contribute to the ongoing effort of closing the P cycle. Five recycled P fertilizers (Struvite SSL, Struvite AirPrex®, P‐RoC®, Pyrolysis coal, and Na‐SSA) were tested for their P availability in a two‐year field experiment with maize. The experiment was conducted on an organic certified research station at soil pH 6.5. Other P fertilizer treatments included: phosphate rock (PR), compost, and an unfertilized control. In addition, the rhizobacteria strain Bacillus sp. Proradix (Proradix®) was applied to test its ability to increase P bioavailability. Each year, shoot DM and P offtake of maize was measured and P use efficiency of the tested fertilizers was calculated. No significant differences in shoot DM were found among fertilized treatments and the unfertilized control in both years of experiment. Fertilization with recycled fertilizers increased P offtake by between 0% (Na‐SSA) and 27.5% (Struvite SSL) compared to the unfertilized control. Rhizobacteria application led to an increase in P offtake of maize from 25.9 to 38.7 kg P ha−1 when combined with PR fertilization in the year of fertilizer application, while no significant effect was found for the recycled fertilizers. Some of the tested recycled fertilizers from urban waste water can be considered as effective fertilizers for their use in organic agriculture.
Evaluation and modelling of osmotic pre‐treatment of peach using alternative agents in a multiple‐component solution
Authors: Dermesonlouoglou Efimia K , Giannakourou Maria C 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDPeach is a perishable fruit of great importance for the Greek food export market which is prone to rapid deterioration after harvesting. Its short shelf life can be substantially prolonged by applying an appropriate osmotic dehydration (OD) pre‐treatment, which is a mild, non‐thermal procedure. The aim of this study was to describe mass transfer and quality retention induced by the OD process.RESULTSPeach pieces were immersed in tertiary solutions of glycerol, erythritol, steviol glucosides and mineral salts at pre‐selected OD conditions (25–45 °C for 3–240 min, wfruit/wsolution = 1:5). Water loss (WL), solid gain (SG), water activity (aw) as well as representative quality indices (colour, texture) were measured during OD, showing that osmotically dehydrated peach presented significant aw reduction (from 0.97 to 0.88) combined with quality retention.CONCLUSIONThis research showed that OD can be an effective pre‐processing step in the production of intermediate moisture novel products. A second‐degree polynomial model was developed describing adequately the effect of OD time and temperature and glycerol concentration on WL, SG, aw, colour and texture of osmotically dehydrated peach, and analysis of variance was applied to identify those factors that significantly affect the aforementioned parameters. It was concluded that OD using alternative osmotic agents is an efficient method with respect to product colour and texture retention, allowing for the production of novel products with extended shelf life. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of initial fertilizer treatment on the 10‐year growth of mixed woodland on compacted surface‐coal‐mine spoils, S. Wales
Authors: Haigh Martin John , Reed Heather , D'Aucourt Margaret , Flege Alison , Cullis Mike , Davis Simon , Farrugia Frances , Gentcheva‐Kostadinova Svetla , Zheleva Elena , Hatton Elizabeth , Plamping Keith , Powell Susan , Panhuis Willemina , Sansom Benedict , Sawyer Sharon , Wilding Gill , Woodruffe Pat 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe degradation of land formerly reclaimed after surface‐coal‐mining (opencast) is a widespread problem in upland Wales (UK). This community‐based project aims to support the voluntary sector in land reclamation by investigating the means of reversing land degradation. It explores ways of encouraging trees to ameliorate the severely compacted, infertile, mine‐soils typical of former opencast sites. This study evaluates the benefits of a single initial application of 2‐year slow release fertilizer (SRF), both with and without additional supplements, through a 10‐year controlled experiment in a mixed planting of common Alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn), Oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl., Quercus robur L. and hybrids) supplemented with Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris, L.); Silver Birch (Betula pendula, Roth); Goat Willow (Salix caprea, L.) and Rowan (Sorbus aucuparia, L.). After 10 years, SRF treatment resulted in a small, marginally significant, decrease in survival (85% vs. 83%) across all species, except Oak, but SRF‐treated trees were significantly larger than those given no‐SRF at planting (421 cm vs. 368 cm). By contrast, in Year 5 data, only SRF‐treated Alders are marginally significantly larger, whereas in Years 1–3 across all six species, significantly more records show greater mean growth in trees with no‐SRF than those given SRF at planting. Probably, this delayed response to SRF treatment resulted from the slow development of the larger soil ecosystem. Treatment with additional supplements (double SRF, remineralization agent and superphosphate) tended to have negative impacts on growth but double SRF and to a lesser degree remineralization had a positive effect on survival.
Multi‐functionality of nature‐based and other urban sustainability solutions: New York City study
Authors: Engström Rebecka , Howells Mark , Mörtberg Ulla , Destouni Georgia 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn an increasingly urban world, developing sustainable cities is crucial for global sustainability. Urban nature‐based solutions (NBS), such as green infrastructure, are often promoted for their potential to provide several urban services. These include stormwater mitigation, improving energy efficiency of buildings, and carbon emissions mitigation, but few studies have compared the multifunctionality of NBS to conventional urban solutions providing similar services. Fewer yet have acknowledged the indirect resource (specifically climate, land, energy, water [CLEW] nexus) impacts that these solutions may have. This paper analyzes these aspects, employing a simple CLEW nexus accounting framework, and attempts a consistent comparison across different resource systems. The comparison includes direct and indirect impacts of a set of stylized—and diverse—solutions, each with different primary objectives: green roofs, representing a multifunctional urban NBS; permeable pavements targeting mitigation of stormwater flows; window retrofits targeting energy efficiency; and rooftop PV installations targeting CO2 emissions mitigation. The results highlight both the direct and total (CLEW nexus) impacts of green roofs on stormwater retention, energy use, and CO2 emissions. However, also for the studied conventional solutions with primarily a single direct function, CLEW nexus impacts spread across all measured dimensions (energy, water, and CO2) to varying degrees. Although the numerical results are indicative and uncertainty needs to be further assessed, we suggest that the development of this type of multifunctional, multisystem assessment can assist urban sustainability planning, with comprehensive and consistent comparison of diverse (NBS and conventional) solutions.
Links between Nordic and Arctic hydroclimate and vegetation changes: Contribution to possible landscape‐scale nature‐based solutions
Authors: Groß Elisabeth , Mård Johanna , Kalantari Zahra , Bring Arvid 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn Nordic and Arctic regions, the rapidly warming climate sustains hydroclimatic and vegetation changes in the landscape. There is evidence for an increase in vegetation density in some regions, a trend that is expected as a response to increasing temperature and precipitation. If the hydroclimatic changes are linked to vegetation response, it could be viewed as a landscape‐scale nature‐based solution (NBS) that could moderate the runoff response, as denser vegetation should lead to increased evapotranspiration and lower runoff. In this paper, we investigate and compare hydroclimatic changes over a set of basins in the Nordic region and northwest America and compare with changes in vegetation density, analyzed using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for three time periods: 1973–1978, 1993–1998, and 2013–2016.Over the period of the 1970s to 1990s, the hydroclimate became warmer and wetter and vegetation density increased, but over a later period from the 1990s to 2010s, vegetation density decreased, despite a continuing warming and wetting of the climate. Although there was a tendency for runoff to decrease in basins where vegetation density increased, the relation between precipitation and runoff was much stronger. Overall, we found weak evidence for vegetation density changes, driven by hydroclimate, to act as NBS on the landscape scale over the studied regions. However, as hydroclimatic changes interact with vegetation changes and their ensuing hydrological responses in complex ways, more detailed investigations are needed to determine the potential NBS effect on the landscape scale across Nordic and Arctic regions.
Antimicrobial and Anti‐Biofilm Activities of Surface Engineered Polycationic Albumin Nanoparticles with Reduced Hemolytic Activity
Authors: Obuobi Sybil , Wang Ying , Khara Jasmeet Singh , Riegger Andreas , Kuan Seah Ling , Ee Pui Lai Rachel 
Published: August 2018

AbstractProtein‐based polymeric polyelectrolytes are emerging as alternative synthetic nanoparticles owing to their biodegradability and biocompatibility. However, potential in vivo toxicity remains a significant challenge. Herein an array of protein polyelectrolytes generated from cationic human serum albumin (cHSA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) are synthesized via synthetic customization as antimicrobials for the treatment of systemic infections. By varying PEG molecular weight and chain length, in vitro hemolytic activity can be fine‐tuned without significantly affecting antimicrobial potency. The optimal hybrid material, PEG (2000)18‐cHSA, with potent antimicrobial character, low hemolytic activity, and in vitro biofilm disruptive properties is identified. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) evaluation demonstrates significantly higher binding activity of the protein nanoparticles to bacteria cell wall components and microfluidic live‐cell imaging indicates that the nanoparticles act through a membranolytic mechanism. Given their low susceptibility to drug resistance and potent activity against resistant bacteria strains, these findings establish the PEGylated albumin nanoparticles as a potent weaponry against drug resistance and biofilm‐related infection.
A deep learning‐based prediction model for gamma evaluation in patient‐specific quality assurance
Authors: Tomori Seiji , Kadoya Noriyuki , Takayama Yoshiki , Kajikawa Tomohiro , Shima Katsumi , Narazaki Kakutarou , Jingu Keiichi 
Published: August 2018

PurposePatient‐specific quality assurance (QA) measurement is conducted to confirm the accuracy of dose delivery. However, measurement is time‐consuming and places a heavy workload on the medical physicists and radiological technologists. In this study, we proposed a prediction model for gamma evaluation, based on deep learning. We applied the model to a QA measurement dataset of prostate cancer cases to evaluate its practicality.MethodsSixty pretreatment verification plans from prostate cancer patients treated using intensity modulated radiation therapy were collected. Fifteen‐layer convolutional neural networks (CNN) were developed to learn the sagittal planar dose distributions from a RT‐3000 QA phantom (R‐TECH.INC., Tokyo, Japan). The percentage gamma passing rate (GPR) was measured using GAFCHROMIC EBT3 film (Ashland Specialty Ingredients, Covington, USA). The input training data also included the volume of the PTV (planning target volume), rectum, and overlapping region, measured in cm3, and the monitor unit values for each field. The network produced predicted GPR values at four criteria: 2%(global)/2 mm, 3%(global)/2 mm, 2%(global)/3 mm, and 3%(global)/3 mm. Adam, an algorithm for first‐order gradient‐based optimization of stochastic objective functions, was used for learning and for optimizing the CNN‐based model. Fivefold cross‐validation was applied to validate the performance of the proposed method. Forty cases were used for training and validation set in fivefold cross‐validation, and the remaining 20 cases were used for the test set. The predicted and measured GPR values were compared.ResultsA linear relationship was found between the measured and predicted values, for each of the four criteria. Spearman rank correlation coefficients in validation set between measured and predicted GPR values at four criteria were 0.73 at 2%/2 mm, 0.72 at 3%/2 mm, 0.74 at 2%/3 mm, and 0.65 at 3%/3 mm, respectively (P < 0.01). The Spearman rank correlation coefficients in the test set were 0.62 (P < 0.01) at 2%/2 mm, 0.56 (P < 0.01) at 3%/2 mm, 0.51 (P = 0.02) at 2%/3 mm, and 0.32 (P = 0.16) at 3%/3 mm. These results demonstrated a strong or moderate correlation between the predicted and measured values.ConclusionsWe developed a CNN‐based prediction model for patient‐specific QA of dose distribution in prostate treatment. Our results suggest that deep learning may provide a useful prediction model for gamma evaluation of patient‐specific QA in prostate treatment planning.
Ice‐wedge polygon dynamics in Svalbard: Lessons from a decade of automated multi‐sensor monitoring
Authors: Matsuoka Norikazu , Christiansen Hanne H. , Watanabe Tatsuya 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTwelve years of continuous monitoring of diverse ground properties reveals the dynamics of three ice wedges and adjacent ground in a low‐centered polygon area in Svalbard. The monitoring documented ground displacements, the timing of crack generation, ground thermal and moisture conditions from the surface to the top permafrost, and snow conditions. The focus is on seasonal ground deformation in and around ice‐wedge troughs, interannual variability of ice‐wedge activity and thermal thresholds for ice‐wedge cracking. Seasonal ice‐wedge activity is mainly associated with frost heave and thaw settlement, as well as thermal expansion and contraction. In mid‐ to late winter, temporary expansion and cracking of troughs by thermal contraction occurs during rapid cooling periods. Following intensive ground microcracking events, troughs show rapid expansion and in some cases major cracking in the frozen active layer. A common threshold for cracking is identified by a combination of ground surface cooling below −20°C and a thermal gradient steeper than −10°C m−1 in the upper meter of ground, indicating that cracking requires both a brittle frozen layer and rapid ground cooling. Our results highlight that in marginal thermal conditions for ice‐wedge activity, the primary control on ice‐wedge cracking is rapid winter cooling enhanced by minimum snow cover.
Monoterpene Indole Alkaloids from Anthocephalus cadamba Fruits Exhibiting Anticancer Activity in Human Lung Cancer Cell Line H1299
Authors: Mishra Devendra Pratap , Khan Mohsin Ali , Yadav Dinesh Kumar , Rawat Arun Kumar , Singh Rakesh Kumar , Ahamad Tanveer , Hussain Mohd Kamil , Saquib Mohammad , Khan Mohammad Faheem 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTwo new monoterpene indole alkaloids, Vincosamide‐N‐oxide (1) and isodihydroamino cadambine (2) along with seven known alkaloids and triterpenoids vincosamide (3), vallesiachotamine (4), iso‐vallesiachotamine (5), dihydrocadambine (6), cadambine (7), ursolic acid (8) and oleanolic acid (9) were isolated from the fruits of Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb) Miq. (Family: Rubiaceae). The chemical structures of the isolated molecules were determined using a combination of InfraRed (IR) and one dimensional (1D) and two dimensional (2D) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and High Resolution‐Electronspray Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (HR‐ESIMS). The molecules were evaluated for their in‐vitro antiproliferative activity against human lung cancer cell line H1299. Cytotoxic profile was studied in mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cell line and induction of apoptosis in MCF‐7 cells. Compounds 4 and 5 were found to exhibit potent anticancer activity with IC50 values of 4.24 and 3.79 μM respectively. Both compounds demonstrated significant fragmentation in the chromatin within the nucleus cells as a result of apoptosis. In addition none of the purified compounds showed any toxic effect on normal cells.
In Situ Polymerization of Dopamine on Graphene Framework for Charge Storage Applications
Authors: Liu Tianyuan , Lee Byeongyong , Kim Byoung Gak , Lee Michael J. , Park Jinho , Lee Seung Woo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPolydopamine, a functional coating material, is redox active as cathode materials for both Li‐ and Na‐ion batteries or hybrid capacitors. Here, a polydopamine coating onto 3D graphene framework is introduced through a simple hydrothermal process, during which graphene oxide serves not only as an oxidant for assisting the polymerization of dopamine, but also as a template for the conformal growth of polydopamine. High‐density films are fabricated by compressing the polydopamine‐coated graphene aerogels, which can be directly used as free‐standing and flexible cathodes in both Li‐ and Na‐cells. The compact electrodes deliver high capacities of ≈230 mAh g−1 in Li‐cells and ≈211 mAh g−1 in Na‐cells based on the total mass of electrodes. These compact electrodes also exhibit exceptional cycling stability and high rate performance due to the unique structure in which polydopamine is uniformly coated on the 3D structured graphene.
Fabrication of Nanoreaction Clusters with Dual‐Functionalized Protein Cage Nanobuilding Blocks
Authors: Choi Hyukjun , Choi Bongseo , Kim Gwang Joong , Kim Han‐ul , Kim Hansol , Jung Hyun Suk , Kang Sebyung 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFabrication of functional nanostructures is a prominent issue in nanotechnology, because they often exhibit unique properties that are different from the individual building blocks. Protein cage nanoparticles are attractive nanobuilding blocks for constructing nanostructures due to their well‐defined symmetric spherical structures, polyvalent nature, and functional plasticity. Here, a lumazine synthase protein cage nanoparticle is genetically modified to be used as a template to generate functional nanobuilding blocks and covalently display enzymes (β‐lactamase) and protein ligands (FKBP12/FRB) on its surface, making dual‐functional nanobuilding blocks. Nanoreaction clusters are subsequently created by ligand‐mediated alternate deposition of two complementary building blocks using layer‐by‐layer (LbL) assemblies. 3D nanoreaction clusters provide enhanced enzymatic activity compared with monolayered building block arrays. The approaches described here may provide new opportunities for fabricating functional nanostructures and nanoreaction clusters, leading to the development of new protein nanoparticle‐based nanostructured biosensor devices.