bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Diagnosis and Treatment of Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: DeKERNION JEAN B. , BERRY DAVID 
Published: April 2018

Surgical excision remains the only method of curing renal cell carcinoma. Early ligation of the renal artery and vein, followed by radical nephrectomy with regional lymphadenectomy, seems to offer the best method of cure for patients with localized disease. Results of more extensive surgery have been encouraging, and surgical extirpation should be attempted even when the tumor involves the vena cava, adjacent organs, or a solitary kidney. Radiotherapy as a post‐operative adjuvant has not been effective, and when used pre‐operatively, may decrease local recurrence but does not appear to improve five‐year survival.A chemotherapeutic agent capable of significantly altering the course of metastastic renal cell carcinoma has not been identified. Vinblastine, the most effective currently available drug, rarely produces tumor regression. Progestational agents seldom, if ever, cause tumor regression, though newer hormonal agents may be more promising.Data continue to accumulate documenting altered immune mechanisms in renal cancer patients. These studies have provided impetus for continued trials of immunotherapy, and several agents are being studied.The management of patients with metastases at the time of diagnosis remains controversial. A better understanding of the natural history of these patients suggests that palliative nephrectomy may be inappropriate except for severe symptoms and patients with resectable metastases. Intraarterial infarction, fellowed by palliative nephrectomy, may improve survival, perhaps by stimulating a general immune response.
Social–cultural, traditional beliefs, and health system barriers of hepatitis B screening among Hmong Americans: A case study
Authors: Fang Dao M. , Stewart Susan L. 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUNDThe incidence of liver cancer in Hmong Americans is 5 times higher than that of non‐Hispanic whites, and there is a low hepatitis B screening rate (24%) among Hmong adults compared with other Asian American populations. The purpose of this study was to examine the Hmong's perceptions on social–cultural determinants, traditional health beliefs, and health care system barriers that influenced community‐based hepatitis B screening interventions.METHODSA qualitative method was used, integrating a collective case study research design. In‐depth interviews were used to collect data from 20 Hmong adults from the greater Sacramento area. A pattern matching analytic technique was used to analyze the data. The main core elements of Culture Care Theory were used to capture the key themes presented by the participants.RESULTSProtecting a family's reputation; fear of doctors, medical procedures, and test results; lack of trust in medical doctors and medical care services; and using Hmong herbal medicines and practicing spiritual healing were identified as social–cultural and traditional health belief barriers to obtaining HBV screening. Health care costs, perceived discrimination, lack of transportation, linguistic discordance, and poor quality of care were identified as barriers to accessing high‐quality health care services and obtaining hepatitis B screening.CONCLUSIONProviders, health policy makers, researchers, and community‐based organizations will need to work together to develop intervention strategies to address the social–cultural factors, traditional health beliefs, and health care challenges that influence obtaining hepatitis B screening in the Hmong community. Cancer 2018;124:1576‐82. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Knowledge of colorectal cancer screening guidelines and intention to obtain screening among nonadherent Filipino, Hmong, and Korean Americans
Authors: Tsoh Janice Y. , Tong Elisa K. , Sy Angela U. , Stewart Susan L. , Gildengorin Ginny L. , Nguyen Tung T. 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUNDNonadherence to colorectal cancer (CRC) screening among Asian Americans is high but not well understood. This study examined correlates of screening intention among Filipino, Hmong, and Korean Americans who were nonadherent to CRC screening.METHODSUsing cross‐sectional, preintervention survey data from 504 Asian Americans (115 Filipinos, 185 Hmong, and 204 Koreans) aged 50‐75 years who were enrolled in a multisite cluster randomized controlled trial of lay health educator intervention, we analyzed correlates of self‐reported CRC screening nonadherence, which was defined as not being up‐to‐date for fecal occult blood test, sigmoidoscopy, or colonoscopy.RESULTSOnly 26.8% of participants indicated intention to obtain screening within 6 months (Hmong: 12.4%; Korean: 30.8%; and Filipino: 42.6%; P < .001). Only one third of participants had undergone a prior screening, and a majority did not know that screening is a method of CRC prevention method (61.3%) or had any knowledge of CRC screening guidelines (53.4%). Multivariable analyses revealed that patient–provider ethnicity concordance, provider's recommendation of screening, participants’ prior CRC screening, perceived severity and susceptibility of CRC, and knowledge of guidelines were positively associated with screening intention. Specifically, knowing one or more screening guidelines doubled the odds of screening intention (adjusted odds ratio, 2.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.32‐4.28). Hmong were less likely to have screening intention than Filipinos, which was unexplained by socio‐demographics, health care factors, perceived needs for CRC screening, or knowledge of screening guidelines.CONCLUSIONCRC screening intention among nonadherent Filipino, Hmong, and Korean Americans was low. Targeting knowledge of CRC screening guidelines may be effective strategies for increasing CRC screening intention among nonadherent Asian Americans. Cancer 2018;124:1560‐7. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Impact of a cancer education seminar on knowledge and screening intent among Chinese Americans: Results from a randomized, controlled, community‐based trial
Authors: Fung Lei‐Chun , Nguyen Kim H. , Stewart Susan L. , Chen Moon S. , Tong Elisa K. 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUNDCancer is the leading cause of death for Asian Americans. The authors evaluated the status of cancer prevention for Chinese Americans in San Francisco, which has had years of cancer prevention efforts.METHODSThrough a community‐based clinic serving Chinese Americans, a randomized, controlled trial (n = 395) was conducted among participants who attended either a cancer prevention seminar or biospecimen education seminar. Changes in knowledge, attitudes, and screening completion/intent were measured across and between seminar groups.RESULTSParticipants were mostly women who had low acculturation and education levels. Over two‐thirds to almost all participants knew about modifiable risk factors for cancer and that screening tests were available, including for lung cancer. The majority of women had already completed mammography and Papanicolaou (Pap) tests. Approximately one‐half reported having completed colorectal cancer screening, prostate screening, or hepatitis B screening. Most were nonsmokers, but about one‐half “strongly agreed” that they would want a test for tobacco smoke exposure. After the cancer prevention seminar, significant increases within group were noted for knowledge (eating healthy foods, from 93.1% to 97.7% [P = .0002]; secondhand smoke causes cancer, from 66.3% to 74.8% [P = .04]) and for screening completion/intent (colorectal cancer, from 58.1% to 64.5% [P = .002] cervical cancer, from 72.9% to 75.5% [P = .04]) and there was a trend toward an increase for prostate cancer (from 50.0% to 61.1%; P = .10). There was a significant change between groups for eating healthy foods (P = .004).CONCLUSIONSThe current reports documents the gains in cancer prevention among Cantonese‐speaking Chinese Americans, fostered by academic, community, and public health efforts. A community‐based seminar demonstrated improvement in some cancer knowledge or screening intent and opportunities for continued efforts. Cancer 2018;124:1622‐30. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Time, trust, and transparency: Lessons learned from collecting blood biospecimens for cancer research from the Asian American community
Authors: Dang Julie H. T. , Chen Moon S. 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUNDBiospecimens from racially diverse groups are needed to advance cancer research. The Asian American Cancer Education Study was developed to increase the number and proportion of blood biospecimen donations from Asian Americans for cancer research.METHODSThe authors' targeted approach included 2 types of community engagement, in‐reach (within institution to Asian American patients with cancer) and outreach (external to institution to the general Asian American community). Participants received in‐language biospecimen education followed by the opportunity to donate blood biospecimens. Outreach participants donated through our community biospecimen blood drives, and in‐reach participants consented to donating an extra tube of blood during their routine blood draws as a patient. Donated blood biospecimens were spun down to serum and plasma to be stored in a biorepository or were sent to the laboratory to test for cancer‐related risk factors.RESULTSThree hundred eighty‐eight Asian Americans donated 1127 blood biospecimens for cancer research. Four hundred twenty tubes of plasma and serum are currently being stored at the cancer center's biorepository, 39 tubes have been used for cancer genomic research, and 668 tubes were used to characterize cancer‐related risk factors.CONCLUSIONSBuilding upon the past decade of the National Cancer Institute‐funded Asian American Network for Cancer Awareness, Research, and Training's foundation of trust and service among Asian Americans, researchers were able to leverage relationships not only to introduce the idea of biospecimen contribution to the community but to also exceed expectations with regard to the quantity of blood biospecimens collected from Asian Americans. Cancer 2018;124:1614‐21. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Symptoms of anxiety and depression among colorectal cancer survivors from the population‐based, longitudinal PROFILES Registry: Prevalence, predictors, and impact on quality of life
Authors: Mols Floortje , Schoormans Dounya , de Hingh Ignace , Oerlemans Simone , Husson Olga 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUNDThe aims of this study were to prospectively assess symptoms of anxiety and depression among survivors of colorectal cancer (CRC), to compare these survivors with a normative population, and to identify subgroups at risk for experiencing symptoms of anxiety and/or depression across a 4‐year time period. Also, the impact on health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) was studied.METHODSThe population‐based Eindhoven Cancer Registry was used to select patients diagnosed with CRC between 2000 and 2009. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (HRQOL) were completed by patients in 2010 (n = 2625 [73% response rate]), 2011, 2012, and 2013 and by an age‐ and sex‐matched normative sample (n = 315) in 2011.RESULTSPatients reported a significantly higher prevalence of depression (19.0% vs 12.8%) and anxiety (20.9% vs 11.8%) in comparison with the norm. Anxiety was stable, whereas depression scores changed over time, although this was not clinically relevant. A longer time since diagnosis was associated with fewer depressive symptoms over time, whereas older age and being male were associated with less anxiety and more depression. Being married was associated with less anxiety and depression, and a low education level and comorbid conditions were associated with more anxiety and depression. Higher levels of symptoms of depression and anxiety were associated with a lower global quality of life and lower physical, role, cognitive, emotional, and social functioning over time.CONCLUSIONSBecause of the increased prevalence of depression and anxiety among patients with CRC and their negative effect on HRQOL, screening and referral are of the utmost importance, especially among those who are single, have a low educational level, and have comorbid conditions, even years after diagnosis and treatment. Cancer 2018;124:2621‐8. © 2018 The Authors. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
A mirroring architecture for sophisticated mobile games using computation‐offloading
Authors: Jiang M. H. , Visser Otto W. , Prasetya I. S. W. B. , Iosup Alexandru 
Published: April 2018

SummaryMobile gaming is already a popular and lucrative market. However, the low performance and reduced power capacity of mobile devices severely limit the complexity of mobile games and the duration of their game sessions. To mitigate these issues, in this article, we explore using computation‐offloading, that is, allowing the compute‐intensive parts of mobile games to execute on remote infrastructure. Computation‐offloading raises the combined challenge of addressing the trade‐offs between performance and power‐consumption while also keeping the game playable. We propose Mirror, a system for computation‐offloading that supports the demanding performance requirements of sophisticated mobile games. Mirror proposes several conceptual contributions: support for fine‐grained partitioning, both offline (set by developers) and dynamic (policy‐based), and real‐time asynchronous offloading and user‐input synchronization protocols that enable Mirror‐based systems to bound the delays introduced by offloading and thus to achieve adequate performance. Mirror is compatible with all games that are tick‐based and user‐input deterministic. We implement a real‐world prototype of Mirror and apply it to the real‐world, complex, popular game OpenTTD. The experimental results show that, in comparison with the non‐offloaded OpenTTD, Mirror‐ed OpenTTD can significantly improve performance and power consumption while also delivering smooth gameplay. As a trade‐off, Mirror introduces acceptable delay on user inputs.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Function of an RNA‐Based Transfection Reagent
Authors: Jain Harsh V. , Boehler Jessica F. , Nagaraju Kanneboyina , Beaucage Serge L. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA synthetic 8‐mer, amphipathic, trans‐acting poly‐2′‐O‐methyluridylic thiophosphate triester RNA element (2′‐OMeUtaPS) can be prepared using solid‐phase synthesis protocols. 2′‐OMeUtaPS efficiently mediates the delivery of uncharged polyA‐tailed phosphorodiamidate morpholino (PMO) sequences in HeLa pLuc 705 cells, as evidenced by flow cytometry measurements. In this cell line, 2′‐OMeUtaPS‐mediated transfection of an antisense polyA‐tailed PMO sequence induces alternative splicing of an aberrant luciferase pre‐mRNA splice site, leading to restoration of functional luciferase, as quantitatively measured using a typical luciferase assay. 2′‐OMeUtaPS is also potent at delivering an uncharged antisense polyA‐tailed PMO sequence in muscle cells of the mdx mouse model of muscular dystrophy; targeting the polyA‐tailed PMO sequence against a splice site of the pre‐mRNA encoding mutated dystrophin triggers an alternate splicing event that results in excision of the mutated exon (exon 23) from the pre‐mRNA and production of functional dystrophin, as demonstrated by agarose gel electrophoresis. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Spectrophotometry as a Method for the Determination of Solubility of Sucrose in Water and Metastable Zone Width of its Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Borji Abdelali , Jourani Abdelaziz 
Published: April 2018

AbstractUsing a spectrophotometer solubility of sucrose in aqueous solutions without and with glucose and fructose additives and their metastable zone width have been investigated. Comparison of our results from pure solutions with those published in the literature shows the reliability of the method. In agreement with the literature the experimental data also show that the impurities decrease the solubility of sucrose in water and the metastable zone width of the solutions.
The response of big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) to interannual climate variation changes across its range
Authors: Kleinhesselink Andrew R. , Adler Peter B. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractUnderstanding how annual climate variation affects population growth rates across a species' range may help us anticipate the effects of climate change on species distribution and abundance. We predict that populations in warmer or wetter parts of a species' range should respond negatively to periods of above average temperature or precipitation, respectively, whereas populations in colder or drier areas should respond positively to periods of above average temperature or precipitation. To test this, we estimated the population sensitivity of a common shrub species, big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata), to annual climate variation across its range. Our analysis includes 8,175 observations of year‐to‐year change in sagebrush cover or production from 131 monitoring sites in western North America. We coupled these observations with seasonal weather data for each site and analyzed the effects of spring through fall temperatures and fall through spring accumulated precipitation on annual changes in sagebrush abundance. Sensitivity to annual temperature variation supported our hypothesis: years with above average temperatures were beneficial to sagebrush in colder locations and detrimental to sagebrush in hotter locations. In contrast, sensitivity to precipitation did not change significantly across the distribution of sagebrush. This pattern of responses suggests that regional abundance of this species may be more limited by temperature than by precipitation. We also found important differences in how the ecologically distinct subspecies of sagebrush responded to the effects of precipitation and temperature. Our model predicts that a short‐term temperature increase could produce an increase in sagebrush cover at the cold edge of its range and a decrease in cover at the warm edge of its range. This prediction is qualitatively consistent with predictions from species distribution models for sagebrush based on spatial occurrence data, but it provides new mechanistic insight and helps estimate how much and how fast sagebrush cover may change within its range.
In My Case, Evaluation Began at Home
Authors: King Jean A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractJean A. King describes her participatory teaching process, which she learned from both her parents, as prefiguring her formal evaluation process. She prefers to spend a lot of time getting to know people and sharing her values associated with systematic thinking, eventually building on her stakeholders’ related values to help them be participatory evaluation collaborators. See the interview document here: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/ev.20309/suppinfo. Read only. This should not be used in any form without explicit permission from the author.
Reeling Them In: Initial Insight into the Factors Affecting Presentation Attendance at American Fisheries Society Meetings
Authors: Honsey Andrew E , Loppnow Grace L , Martin Timothy J , Schroeder Leslie A , Tomamichel Megan M , Huempfner Nathan T , Venturelli Paul A 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Attendance at professional conferences is well studied, but few studies have analyzed presentation attendance within a conference. Understanding why some presentations attract larger audiences than others can be useful for both presenters and conference organizers. To this end, we applied a random forest model to data from 1,676 presentations at the 2015 Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society in Portland, Oregon. Our results suggested that presentation time and location, presenter travel distance and h-index (a metric of scholarly impact), and the lengths of titles and abstracts were important drivers of attendance. Based on these results, we suggest ways for organizers to maximize attendance potential and for presenters to attract large audiences. Finally, we suggest ways to improve data collection and analysis, and we highlight how insight into presentation attendance can benefit the planning and evaluation of future meetings.
Contingent Faculty at Community Colleges: The Too‐Often Overlooked and Under‐Engaged Faculty Majority
Authors: Thirolf Kathryn Q. , Woods Rebekah S. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA wide majority—nearly 70%—of faculty at community colleges teach part‐time. If community colleges are serious about focusing more on supporting the success of their students, they must focus more on engaging and supporting their part‐time faculty.
Contingent Faculty Composition and Utilization: Perspectives From Independent Colleges and Universities
Authors: Morphew Christopher , Ward Kelly , Wolf‐Wendel Lisa 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis chapter presents a study that explores how faculty composition at independent colleges and universities in the United States has shifted from minimal representation of contingent faculty members in the past to a greater representation presently and the disproportionate expectations and roles placed on these faculty members. Based on the findings, the chapter offers recommendations on how to integrate contingent faculty appropriately to align with institutional missions.
Gene therapy for Glut1‐deficient mouse using an adeno‐associated virus vector with the human intrinsic GLUT1 promoter
Authors: Nakamura Sachie , Muramatsu Shin‐ichi , Takino Naomi , Ito Mika , Jimbo Eriko F. , Shimazaki Kuniko , Onaka Tatsushi , Ohtsuki Sumio , Terasaki Tetsuya , Yamagata Takanori , Osaka Hitoshi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundWe generated an adeno‐associated virus (AAV) vector in which the human SLC2A1 gene, encoding glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1), was expressed under the human endogenous GLUT1 promoter (AAV‐GLUT1). We examined whether AAV‐GLUT1 administration could lead to functional improvement in GLUT1‐deficient mice.MethodsWe extrapolated human endogenous GLUT1 promoter sequences from rat minimal Glut1 promoter sequences. We generated a tyrosine‐mutant AAV9/3 vector in which human SLC2A1‐myc‐DDK was expressed under the human GLUT1 promoter (AAV‐GLUT1). AAV‐GLUT1 was administered to GLUT1‐deficient mice (GLUT1+/– mice) via intracerebroventricular injection (1.85 × 1010 vg/mouse or 6.5 × 1010 vg/mouse). We analyzed exogenous GLUT1 mRNA and protein expression in the brain and other major organs. We also examined improvements of cerebral microvasculature, motor function using rota‐rod and footprint tests, as well as blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glucose levels. Additionally, we confirmed exogenous GLUT1 protein distribution in the brain and other organs after intracardiac injection (7.8 × 1011 vg/mouse).ResultsExogenous GLUT1 protein was strongly expressed in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and thalamus. It was mainly expressed in endothelial cells, and partially expressed in neural cells and oligodendrocytes. Motor function and CSF glucose levels were significantly improved following intracerebroventricular injection. Exogenous GLUT1 expression was not detected in other organs after intracerebroventricular injection of AAV‐GLUT1, whereas it was detected in the liver and muscle tissue after intracardiac injection.ConclusionsExogenous GLUT1 expression after AAV‐GLUT1 injection approximated that of physiological human GLUT1 expression. Local central nervous system administration of AAV‐GLUT1 improved CSF glucose levels and motor function of GLUT1‐deficient mice and minimized off‐target effects.