bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fall-off Diagnostic of Eroded Zones during Waterflooding of Unconsolidated Formations
Authors: Qi Qianru , Ershaghi Iraj 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Development of thief zones has been of concern in waterflooding of oil reservoirs. In this paper, we focus on the gradual erosion of unconsolidated sandstones under waterflooding. Such high permeability intervals may grow laterally and eventually lead to the development of thief zones. Early detection of these washout intervals is essential. The profile surveys may help in detecting such intervals, but the focus here is an early warning approach from a correct analysis of fall-off tests that relates to intervals affected by the onset of erosion by the injection water.
We have developed a new analytical solution and have conducted a series of numerical experiments to examine the presence of eroded intervals. Our studies show various solutions presented in the literature use the model of a horizontal fracture in tight rocks. We believe these models are not applicable to eroded intervals in unconsolidated formations when the host rock offers significant permeabilities to the injection fluid. Various pressure transient solutions to the pancake-shaped or horizontal fractures proposed by several investigators such as Gringarten and Ramey (1971) and Valko and Economides (1997) are not applicable to eroded intervals in unconsolidated formations. For tight host rock, these solutions indicate linear flow or certain transition periods that are not applicable to the solution observed in unconsolidated formations, embedded with the horizontal eroded zones.
Based on our work, eroded intervals in unconsolidated formation manifest a radial flow regime with high permeabilities on fall-off tests. This can sometimes mask the buildup of injection water-related skin on the host rock. We tested our methodology for a series of fall-off tests in a waterflooding where the associated profile surveys indicated the development of thief intervals. In all cases, we were able to detect radial flow.
For the first time, we are presenting a new approach for monitoring eroded intervals from pressure fall-off tests and are pointing out the deficiencies of using existing horizontal fracture solutions for tight host rocks to high permeability eroded intervals in unconsolidated formations.
Coupled Geomechanical Modeling to Assess Cap Rock Integrity and Mechanical Fault Stability: Application to Farnsworth Field Unit Project
Authors: McMillan Marcia , Will Robert , Ampomah William , Balch Robert , Czoski Paige 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The SWP project is located in a mature waterflood undergoing conversion to CO2-WAG operations in the Farnsworth, Texas, USA. Anthropogenic CO2 is sourced from a fertilizer and an ethanol plant. This work utilizes Farnsworth’s full-field, history-matched, compositional hydrodynamic coupled geomechanical model for assessing the impact of stress changes observed through the history matched field life. Production and injection induced stress changes, fault stability and caprock integrity investigations are performed to project the potential for fault reactivation and the loss of caprock integrity under shear failure.
A static mechanical earth model (MEM) was constructed for use in transient coupled geomechanical model based on the existing Southwest Regional Partnership (SWP) geological model. The static MEM inherits the stratigraphic and structural features of the geologic model and incorporates additional overburden, underburden, and sideburden formations required to impose mechanical boundary conditions. Mechanical properties were distributed in the 3D MEM through integration of geophysical logs and 3-dimensional seismic elastic inversion properties using a combination of Bayesian and stochastic interpolation methods. These data are further enhanced by lab derived strength and failure criteria for the caprock interval. Additionally, interpreted faults and other geological features were included as part of the static structural framework to fully represent subsurface hydraulic and mechanical systems and appropriately integrate heterogeneity. Two-way coupling of hydrodynamic flow and geomechanical simulations incorporates the Kozeny-Carman relationship for updating permeability and is history matched through primary, secondary (waterflooding) and tertiary (CO2 WAG) recovery periods before performing a twenty year forecast.
Two-way simulations are performed to understand the effective stress perturbations imposed by field operations: water injection and the more recent implementation of WAG. Evaluation of Mohr circles with liquid production and field pressure charts as well as slip tendency and distance to failure metrics indicate that neither our faults or cap rock are critically stressed. This paper presents the results of the Farnsworth initial attempts to integrate the seismic driven 3D MEM into coupled hydrodynamic geomechanical history match simulation workflow.
Water sustainable house: water auditing of 3 case studies in Perth, Western Australia
Authors: Byrne J. J. , Anda M. , Ho G. E. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Householders in cities face water-related issues due to the increasing cost and restrictions in water use, especially during drought. They respond in many different ways, ranging from installing water efficient appliances, adopting water-saving behavior and implementing greywater reuse, to being water self reliant (off-mains supply). The latter approach should consider using only rainwater falling on the property boundaries, and if self-supply is from groundwater it should be derived from rainwater falling on the property. Therefore, sustainability depends on the annual rainfall, size of property and availability of storage for water to be used during periods without rainfall. In principle any house can be retrofitted to rely solely on rainwater, because technologies exist to treat subsequent wastewater to any quality desired for reuse. However, the energy requirement and investment needed may negate overall sustainability. Very few studies have assessed water use in households to determine whether relying solely on rainwater is practical or sustainable in the long-term. Three case studies in Perth, Western Australia are reported here, where water auditing has been used for sustainability assessment.
Invasive-noninvasive Sequential Ventilation for the Treatment of Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Huang Jian-Da , Gu Tong-Jie , Hu Zhi-Lin , Zhou Dan-Fei , Ying Jun 
Published: April 2019

Background:
The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of invasivenoninvasive
sequential ventilation versus invasive ventilation in the treatment of Acute
Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (AECOPD).

Method:
PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Wanfang, CNKI, VIP database were searched by the index
words to identify the qualified RCTs, and relevant literature sources were also searched. The latest
research was conducted in June 2017. Relative Risks (RR), and Mean Difference (MD) along with
95% confidence interval (95% CI) were used to analyze the main outcomes.

Result:
Twenty-nine RCTs were involved in this analysis of 1061 patients in the invasivenoninvasive
sequential ventilation group (In-non group) and 1074 patients in the invasive
ventilation group (In group). The results indicated that compared with the invasive ventilation,
invasive-noninvasive sequential ventilation would significantly decrease the incidence of VAP
(RR:0.20, 95%CI: 0.16-0.26), mortality (RR:0.38, 95%CI: 0.26-0.55), reintubation (RR:0.39,
95%CI: 0.27-0.55); and statistically reduced the duration of invasive ventilation (MD:-9.23,
95%CI: -10.65, -7.82), the total duration of mechanical ventilation (MD:-4.91, 95%CI: -5.99,
-3.83), and the length of stay in the ICU (MD:-5.10, 95%CI: -5.43, -4.76).

Conclusion:
The results demonstrated that the application of noninvasive sequential ventilation
after invasive ventilation at the pulmonary infection control window has a significant influence on
VAP incidence, mortality, and the length of stay in the ICU, but further well-designed, adequately
powered RCTs are required to validate the conclusion.
Immunopathogenesis of Behçet Disease
Authors: Nieto Israel Gañán , Alabau José Luis Castañer 
Published: April 2019

Background:Behçet’s Disease (BD, OMIM 109650) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory disease of unknown etiology with unpredictable exacerbations and remissions. First described in 1937 by the Turkish dermatologist HulusiBehçet, as a trisympton complex (oral and genital ulcers and uveitis), it is now recognized as a multisystemic disease. The syndrome can manifest in diverse ways and can involve nearly every organ system. Several studies have implicated T cells and monocytes in the pathogenesis of BD especially when these cells are stimulated by heat shock proteins and streptococcal antigen. This article presents a review of the relevant published literature about the immunopathogenesis of BD.Result:The authors used MeSH terms “Behçet’s disease” with “pathophysiology,” “pathogenesis,” “genetic”, “epigenetic”, “immunogenetic” or “immune response” to search the PubMed database. All the relevant studies identified were included.
Hypertension in Obesity: Novel Insights
Authors: Natsis Michail , Antza Christina , Doundoulakis Ioannis , Stabouli Stella , Kotsis Vasilios 
Published: April 2019

Backround:
The relationship between obesity and hypertension has been established in
both adults and children. The combination of obesity, hypertension and other cardiovascular risk
factors significantly increases the likelihood of adverse cardiovascular effects and raises concerns
about aggressive treatment strategies.

Objective:
Despite the impressive elements which indicate an important role for excessive weight
gain in increasing blood pressure, not all obese patients are hypertensive. A subgroup of obese people
may not develop hypertension. Furthermore, masked hypertension occurs more common among
obese patients, and body fat distribution has a major role in the development of hypertension.

Methods:
We conducted a research of the relevant literature regarding obesity-induced hypertension
and possible treatment strategies.

Results:
Successful weight loss is correlated with blood pressure reduction and requires a multidisciplinary
approach that includes personalized dietary interventions combined with regular exercise
and cognitive behavioral therapy.

Conclusion:
Pharmacological therapy may be considered as part of a comprehensive obesity management
strategy. More research and new treatment therapies are required in this field.
Comparative Study of Different Derivative Spectrophotometric Techniques for the Analysis and Separation of Metformin, Empagliflozin, and Glimepiride
Authors: Amin Khanda F.M. , Fakhre Nabil A. , Abdullah Ahmed M. 
Published: April 2019

Background:
In some cases, lifestyle changes are not enough to keep type 2 diabetes under
control, so there are several medications that may help. Metformin can lower your blood sugar levels,
Glimepiride makes more insulin, whereas Empagliflozin prevents the kidneys from reabsorbing sugar
into the blood and sending it out in the urine.

Methods:
Mean centering, double divisor, ratio spectra-zero crossing, and successive derivative were
applied for the estimation of metformin, empagliflozin, and glimepiride respectively, in their prepared
laboratory mixtures and in pharmaceutical tablets, without prior chemical separation. The absorption
spectra of the mentioned drugs were recorded in the range of 200-400nm.

Results:
These methods were linear over concentration ranges of 1.0-10, 2.5-30, and 1.0-10 μgmL-1 of
metformin, empagliflozin, and glimepiride respectively. Mean centering for metformin was measured at
234 and 248 nm, while empagliflozin and glimepiride had amplitude values at 276 and 262 nm, respectively.
The derivative of double divisor was measured at 234, 278, and 288 nm for metformin, empagliflozin
and glimepiride, respectively. The ratio of spectra-zero crossing was quantified at amplitude values
of the analytical signal at 234 and 274 nm for metformin and empagliflozin, respectively, whereas
glimepiride was determined at 242 and 286 nm. The successive ratio of metformin, empagliflozin, and
glimepiride was determined at 284, 242, and 266 nm, respectively.

Conclusion:
The methods are validated according to the ICH guidelines where accuracy, precision and
repeatability are found to be within the acceptable limit. The methods were studied and optimized. Upon
validation linearity, precision, accuracy, LOD, LOQ and selectivity were proved to be operative for
the analysis of specified drugs in pharmaceutical dosage configuration. Statistical illustration was done
between the suggested methods with the reported methods with consideration to accuracy and precision.
No significant difference was found by student’s t-test, F-test and one-way ANOVA.
Development and Validation of an Automated Gas Chromatography Method for Determination of Dichloromethane in Ampicillin Sodium by Using Capillary Column Technology
Authors: Trivedi Manisha , John Elsy Raynil , Ali Faraat , Prakash Anuj , Kumar Robin , Singh Gyanendra Nath 
Published: April 2019

Background:
The main aim of the study was to develop an automated static headspace gas
chromatography (SHS-GC) method for determination of dichloromethane (DCM) in ampicillin sodium
by using a capillary column.

Methods:
SHS-GC also known as gas chromatography-headspace is the technique of choice due to its
high sensitivity, excellent separation abilities, low limit of detection and simplicity of the instrumentation
used for the technique. The headspace sampling method has more appropriate sensitivity than the
direct injection method because it can clearly separate volatile analytes from the sample matrix and
effectively concentrate them. Therefore, this method results in less complex sample preparation, decreased
instrument contamination, and increased capillary column life.

Results:
The developed SHS-GC method showed symmetrical peak shape reasonable retention time for
DCM. A linear relationship was obtained over the range of 2-240 μg mL-1 with a correlation coefficient
(r2) of 0.993. The recovery, system precision and robustness of the method were within the acceptable
values. The Limit of Detection (LOD) and Limit of Quantitation (LOQ) were 0.5 μg mL-1 and 2 μg mL-1
respectively.

Conclusions:
The results obtained in this study demonstrate that SHS-GC method is selective, precise,
linear, accurate and robust for determination of dichloromethane in ampicillin sodium and its formulation
(injection).
MoABank: An Integrated Database for Drug Mode of Action Knowledge
Authors: Liao Yu-di , Jiang Zhen-ran 
Published: April 2019

Background:
With the declining trend of new drugs yield each year, more
comprehensive knowledge of drug MoAs can help identify new applications of available drugs and
discovery novel mechanism of drug action.

Objective:
Therefore, construction of a specialized drug mode of action (MoA) database is of
paramount importance for new drug research & development.

Methods:
This paper introduces an integrated database for drug mode of action knowledge
(MoABank).

Results:
This database can provide the knowledge about drug MoAs, targets, pathways, side
effects and other drug-related information for researchers.

Conclusion:
We believe MoABank can make it more convenient for users to obtain the drug MoA
information in the future.
Lepidine B & E as New Target Inhibitors from Lepidium Sativum Seeds Against Four Enzymes of the Pathogen Candida albicans: In Vitro and In Silico Studies
Authors: Gacemi Safia , Benarous Khedidja , Imperial Santiago , Yousfi Mohamed 
Published: April 2019

Background and Objective:
The present paper aims to study the inhibition of Candida
albicans growth as candidiasis treatment, using seeds of Lepidium sativum as source.

Methods:
In vitro assays were carried out on the antifungal activity of three kinds of extracts from
L. sativum seeds against four strains of C. albicans, then testing the same phytochemicals on the
inhibition of Lipase (LCR). A new in silico study was achieved using molecular docking, with
Autodock vina program, to find binding affinity of two important and major lepidine alkaloids
(lepidine E and B) towards the four enzymes secreted by C. albicans as target drugs, responsible
of vitality and virulence of this yeast cells: Lipase, Serine/threonine phosphatase, Phosphomannose
isomerase and Sterol 14-alpha demethylase (CYP51).

Results:
The results of the microdillution assay show that the hexanic and alkaloidal extracts have an
antifungal activity with MICs: 2.25 mg/ml and 4.5mg/ml, respectively. However, Candida rugosa
lipase assay gives a remarkable IC50 values for the hexanic extract (1.42± 0.04 mg/ml) followed by 1.7±
0.1 and 2.29 ± 0.09 mg/ml of ethyl acetate and alkaloidal extracts respectively. The molecular docking
confirms a significant correlation between C. albicans growth and inhibition of crucial enzymes involved
in the invasion mechanism and cellular metabolisms, for the first time there were an interesting and new
positive results on binding modes of lepidine E and B on the four studied enzymes.

Conclusion:
Through this work, we propose Lepidine B & E as potent antifungal drugs.
A Novel Adaptive GA-based B-spline Curve Interpolation Method
Authors: Shao Maozhen , Hu Liangchen , Shou Huahao , Shen Jie 
Published: April 2019

Background:
Curve interpolation is very important in engineering such as computer
aided design, image analysis and NC machining. Many patents on curve interpolation have been
invented.

Objective:
Since different knot vector configuration and data point parameterization can generate
different shapes of an interpolated B-spline curve, the goal of this paper is to propose a novel adaptive
genetic algorithm (GA) based interpolation method of B-spline curve.

Method:
Relying on geometric features owned by the data points and the idea of genetic algorithm
which liberalizes the knots of B-spline curve and the data point parameters, a new interpolation
method of B-spline curve is proposed. In addition, the constraint of a tangent vector is also
added to ensure that the obtained B-spline curve can approximately satisfy the tangential constraint
while ensuring strict interpolation.

Results:
Compared with the traditional method, this method realizes the adaptive knot vector selection
and data point parameterization. Therefore, the interpolation result was better than the traditional
method to some extent, and the obtained curve was more natural.

Conclusion:
The proposed method is effective for the curve reconstruction of any scanned data
point set under tangent constraints. Meanwhile, this paper put forward a kind of tangent calculation
method of discrete data points, where users can also set the tangent of each data point in order to
get more perfect interpolation results.
Application of Various Multiple Criteria Analysis Methods for the Evaluation of Rural Road Projects
Authors: Bhandari Sahadev Bahadur , Nalmpantis Dimitrios 
Published: April 2019

Introduction:Ex-ante evaluation of rural road projects is important for proper utilisation of scarce financial resources. In recent years, several multiple criteria analysis methods have been applied for the evaluation of transportation projects.Methods:Here we compare three multi-criteria methods (i.e. TOPSIS, MOORA, and PROMETHEE) in ranking rural roads. The criteria and weightage were identified with an expert questionnaire survey and the decision matrix was obtained from a field survey of four rural roads of Nepal. These data demonstrate the successful application of various multi-criteria analysis methods for the evaluation of rural road projects with sustainable indicators.Results:The results of multi-criteria methods depend upon the value of performance measures, weightage, normalization, and aggregation procedures.Conclusion:We also concluded that the multi-criteria methods used (i.e. TOPSIS, MOORA, and PROMETHEE), in which weightage is derived using robust methods (e.g. AHP) and precise measurement of criteria of rural roads, in general return similar rankings.
Preeclampsia: Materanl Risk Factors & Perinatal Outcomes
Authors: Ali Raid K. , Hussein Yusra A. , Alezzi Jalil 
Published: April 2019

Background: Pre-eclampsia (PE) is the commonest
hypertensive disorder in pregnancy. Adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes of
pre-eclampsia are representing the big burden on national health system.

Objectives: Is to identify
the maternal risk factors of pre-eclamsia among pregnant women as well as to find out the maternal and perinatal
outcomes of this problem.

Methods: A prospective follow up study was conducted
in Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology Department (OGD) of Al-Zahraa Maternity and
Pediatric Hospital (ZMPH) in Al-Muqdadia District in Diyala province
from the period 1st of February
2017 to 31st of January 2018. The study sample comprised 60 pregnant women with pre-eclampsia and 60 healthy pregnant women as controls. The
diagnosis of PE was established according to American College of Obstetricians
and Gynecologists (ACOG) diagnostic criteria of PE.

Results: Maternal risk factors related
significantly to pre-eclampsia in comparison to controls were increased woman's
age, obesity and primigravidity. There was a highly significant association
between high cesarean section rates and pre-eclamptic women. A significant
association was observed between neonates of pre-eclamptic women and low birth
weight preterm birth , low Apgar score
at 1 minute . low Apgar score at 5 minutes and admission to neonatal intensive care
unit .

Conclusion: The main maternal risk factors for
pre-eclampsia are advanced reproductive age, obesity and primigravidity, while
the common adverse maternal outcome is the cesarean section. The common perinatal outcomes of PE are low birth weight, prematurity, low
Apgar scores at 1 &amp; 5 minutes and high NICU admission.