bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A delayed and severe presentation of coronectomy complication
Authors: Pellatt A. , Bhola S. , Collin J. , Cobb A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCoronectomy involves removal of the crown of the tooth, while leaving the roots in situ. It is generally performed in the secondary care setting as an alternative to extraction of the entire tooth, when the mandibular third molar is in close proximity to the inferior alveolar nerve. Although many clinicians are aware of how to identify high‐risk mandibular third molars and the potential advantages of performing coronectomy on such teeth, they may not be familiar with the associated risks and potential complications associated with coronectomy. We report a severe, albeit rare, complication of coronectomy and discuss the risks associated with the technique.
A WRKY transcription factor PbrWRKY53 from Pyrus betulaefolia is involved in drought tolerance and AsA accumulation
Authors: Liu Yue , Yang Tianyuan , Lin Zekun , Gu Bingjie , Xing Caihua , Zhao Liangyi , Dong Huizhen , Gao Junzhi , Xie Zhihua , Zhang Shaoling , Huang Xiaosan 
Published: February 2019

SummaryWRKY comprises a large family of transcription factors in plants, but most WRKY members are still poorly understood. In this study, we report the identification and functional characterization of PbrWRKY53 isolated from Pyrus betulaefolia. PbrWRKY53 was greatly up‐regulated by drought and abscisic acid, but slightly induced by salt and cold. Subcellar localization analyses showed that PbrWRKY53 was located in the nucleus. Ectopic expression of PbrWRKY53 in tobacco and Pyrus ussuriensis conferred enhanced tolerance to drought stress. The transgenic plants exhibited better water status, less reactive oxygen species generation and higher levels of antioxidant enzyme activities and metabolites than the wild type. In addition, overexpression of PbrWRKY53 in transgenic tobacco resulted in enhanced expression level of PbrNCED1, and led to the increase in larger amount of vitamin C accumulation in comparison to WT. Knock‐down of PbrWRKY53 in P. ussuriensis down‐regulated PbrNCED1 abundance, accompanied by compromised drought tolerance. Yeast one‐hybrid assay, EMSA and transient expression analysis demonstrated that PbrWRKY53 could bind to the W‐box element in the promoter region of PbrNCED1. Taken together, these results demonstrated that PbrWRKY53 plays a positive role in drought tolerance, which might be, at least in part, promoting production of vitamin C via regulating PbrNCED1 expression.
Sublethal effects of chronic exposure to chlorpyrifos or imidacloprid insecticides or their binary mixtures on Culex pipiens mosquitoes
Authors: Al Naggar Yahya , Giesy John P. , El Kholy Samar 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMosquitoes represent one of the most significant threats to human and veterinary health throughout the world. Consequently, improving strategies for the control of mosquitoes is essential. In the present study, juvenile Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae), the common house mosquito, are chronically exposed to sublethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos (20% of LC50) and imidacloprid (5% of LC50), both separately and as a mixture. Developmental time, the emergence rate of adults and the expression of five selected genes involved in detoxification and resistance to pesticides are assessed. To assess the effects on oviposition choice, gravid females are forced to oviposit into cups containing water with added chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid or a mixture of both. The time required for the development of second‐ and third‐instar larvae is observed to differ significantly between treatments. Adults of C. pipiens fail to emerge from larvae hatched in both imidacloprid and the binary mixture. The expression of the four quantified detoxification genes differs significantly in third‐larval instars exposed to chlorpyrifos and/or imidacloprid compared with controls. Gravid females also fail to lay eggs on water to which either of the insecticides or the binary mixture is added, although they do lay eggs in cups containing water only. Chronic exposure to sublethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos or imidacloprid has significant adverse effects on development and thus the reproductive fitness of C. pipiens and, accordingly, could be used in the population control of these mosquitoes.
Systemic necrosis in tomato induced by a Japanese isolate of rehmannia mosaic virus in a temperature‐sensitive manner
Authors: Hamada T. , Mise K. , Kiba A. , Hikichi Y. 
Published: February 2019

The Japanese isolate of rehmannia mosaic virus (ReMV‐J) was initially isolated from chilli pepper in Japan. The leaves of diseased chilli pepper plants, which hold no tobamovirus‐resistance genes, have mosaic symptoms. As the symptoms progress, the infected plants develop prominent leaf necrosis and severe leaf fall, followed by stem necrosis and fruit distortion. Additionally, ReMV‐J systematically infects tomato and this reportedly leads to mottle in tomato when incubated at 20 °C. This study found that ReMV‐J induces systemic necrosis of tomato – except for cultivar Micro‐Tom – when incubated at 25 °C. To determine the virus factor involved in the induction of temperature‐sensitive systemic necrosis on tomato, intergenic recombinants between ReMV‐J and tomato mosaic virus were constructed. All recombinant viruses systemically infected tomato similar to ReMV‐J. Recombinant viruses with the movement protein (MP) gene of ReMV‐J induced systemic necrosis on tomato. Incubation at 20 °C significantly reduced the ability of recombinant viruses with the MP gene of ReMV‐J to induce systemic necrosis. Thus, the ReMV‐J MP gene is involved in the temperature‐sensitive induction of systemic necrosis on most tomato cultivars tested. This study is the first to report the involvement of the MP gene in temperature‐sensitive induction of systemic necrosis by tobamovirus on tobamovirus‐susceptible tomato.
When Do Municipal Consolidations Reduce Government Expenditures? Evidence on the Role of Local Involvement
Authors: Mughan Siân 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHigher levels of government motivate municipal consolidations as a tool to increase efficiency in the local government sector, yet research shows that consolidations typically fail to deliver the promised spending reductions. Since mergers often require significant changes to institutional structures, one explanation is that local decision makers can substantially influence the outcomes of the consolidation process. To explore this possibility, this article contrasts “encouraged but voluntary” mergers with those that were “forced” on local governments in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Results show that voluntary mergers resulted in a 10 percent decline in total per capita expenditures, but forced consolidations failed to reduce spending across the board. The policy conclusion is that decision makers considering structural reform should invest in obtaining the support and participation of local government decision makers.
Subnational Government Performance: Testing Multiple Dimensions of Governors' Experience
Authors: Olvera Johabed G. , Avellaneda Claudia N. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This article tests whether governors' work experience explains their state performance. Although the experience‐performance relationship has been researched, empirical studies report inconsistent results. This inconsistency might be due to the dissimilar conceptualization and operationalization of the work experience construct, for it can be conceptualized in qualitative or quantitative components. To address this disparity, the authors follow Tesluk and Jacob's conceptualization by operationalizing gubernatorial experience across three dimensions: type (qualitative component), number of jobs, and years of work experience (quantitative component). The study tests the moderating effects of state context (level of violence) on the experience‐performance relationship, relying on data derived from 32 Mexican states over 16 years. Education outputs (high school enrollment) and health outcomes (infant mortality rate) are used to assess state performance. Results indicate that only the qualitative dimension of governors' work experience boosts state performance by reducing infant mortality and increasing high school enrollment. However, this positive effect is undermined by state violence. The number of jobs decreases gubernatorial performance, magnified by the degree of state violence.
Efficacy of corticosteroid and intravenous cyclophosphamide in acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A propensity score‐matched analysis
Authors: Hozumi Hironao , Hasegawa Hirotsugu , Miyashita Koichi , Yasui Hideki , Suzuki Yuzo , Kono Masato , Karayama Masato , Furuhashi Kazuki , Hashimoto Dai , Enomoto Noriyuki , Fujisawa Tomoyuki , Inui Naoki , Nakamura Yutaro , Yokomura Koshi , Nakamura Hidenori , Suda Takafumi 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveAcute exacerbation (AE) is a leading cause of death in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Although optimal treatment for AE‐IPF remains unclear, high‐dose corticosteroids (CS) with/without immunosuppressants, including intravenous cyclophosphamide (IVCY), are often used as empirical therapy. However, the survival benefit of adding IVCY to CS therapy is unknown. We investigated the efficacy of this therapy in patients with AE‐IPF.MethodsOverall, 102 consecutive patients with IPF with a first idiopathic AE were included. Post‐AE survival rates and treatment safety were retrospectively assessed. Efficacy of CS + IVCY therapy for the first AE was compared with that of CS monotherapy using a propensity score‐matched analysis.ResultsThe post‐AE 90‐day survival rate of the entire cohort was 64.7%. On the basis of the propensity scores, 26 matched patient pairs were made. Characteristics of matched patients with AE‐IPF treated with CS (matched CS group) and those with CS + IVCY (matched CS + IVCY group) were well balanced. No significant between‐group differences were observed in post‐AE 90‐day survival rates (84.6% vs 76.9%; P = 0.70), cumulative survival rates (P = 0.57 by log‐rank test) or incidence of adverse events ≥ CTCAE (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events) v5.0 grade 3 (61.5% vs 65.4%; P = 1.00).ConclusionThe propensity score‐matched analysis demonstrated that compared with CS monotherapy, CS + IVCY therapy did not significantly improve post‐AE survival in patients with AE‐IPF. Further studies are warranted to assess the efficacy of CS + IVCY therapy for AE‐IPF.
Pathophysiology, causes and genetics of paediatric and adult bronchiectasis
Authors: Bush Andrew , Floto R. Andres 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTBronchiectasis has historically been considered to be irreversible dilatation of the airways, but with modern imaging techniques it has been proposed that ‘irreversible’ be dropped from the definition. The upper limit of normal for the ratio of airway to arterial development increases with age, and a developmental perspective is essential. Bronchiectasis (and persistent bacterial bronchitis, PBB) is a descriptive term and not a diagnosis, and should be the start not the end of the patient's diagnostic journey. PBB, characterized by airway infection and neutrophilic inflammation but without significant airway dilatation may be a precursor of bronchiectasis, and there are many commonalities in the microbiology and the pathology, which are reviewed in this article. A high index of suspicion is essential, and a history of chronic wet or productive cough for more than 4–8 weeks should prompt investigation. There are numerous underlying causes of bronchiectasis, although in many cases no cause is found. Causes include post‐infectious, especially after tuberculosis, adenoviral or pertussis infection; aspiration syndromes; defects in host defence, which may solely affect the airways (cystic fibrosis, not considered in this review, and primary ciliary dyskinesia); and primary ciliary dyskinesia or be systemic, such as common variable immunodeficiency; genetic syndromes; and anatomical defects such as intraluminal airway obstruction (e.g. foreign body), intramural obstruction (e.g. complete cartilage rings) and external airway compression (e.g. by tuberculous lymph nodes). Identification of the underlying cause is important, because some of these conditions have specific treatments and others genetic implications for the family.
Estimation of the Von Bertalanffy Growth Model When Ages are Measured With Error
Authors: Dey Rajib , Cadigan Noel , Zheng Nan 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThe Von Bertalanffy (VB) growth function specifies the length of a fish as a function of its age. However, in practice, age is measured with error which introduces problems when estimating the VB model parameters. We study the structural errors-in-variables (SEV) approach to account for measurement error in age. In practice the gamma distribution is often used for unobserved true ages in the SEV approach. We investigate whether SEV VB parameter estimators are robust to the gamma approximation of the distribution of true ages. By robust we mean a lack of bias due to measurement error and model misspecification. Our results demonstrate that this method is not robust. We propose a flexible parametric normal mixture distribution for the true ages to reduce this bias. We investigate the performance of this approach through extensive simulation studies and a published data set. Computer code to implement the model is provided.
The Role of Trade Policies in Building Regional Value Chains – Some Preliminary Evidence From Africa
Authors: Slany Anja 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRegional value chains (RVCs) are considered as an important step towards greater integration into global value chains (GVCs), but African countries trade very little value added with each other. Based on the UNCTAD‐Eora GVC database, this paper estimates a panel model from 2006 to 2012 for 37 African countries and sheds light on the role of trade costs in building RVCs in Africa. First evidence is provided for a significantly negative effect on foreign value added of charged tariffs on capital goods and higher time to trade. In addition, higher regulatory quality and a stronger telecommunication infrastructure seem to be positively correlated with a country's ability to participate in RVCs.
Dads Tuning in to Kids: A randomized controlled trial of an emotion socialization parenting program for fathers
Authors: Havighurst Sophie S. , Wilson Katherine R. , Harley Ann E. , Kehoe Christiane E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFathers play an important role in shaping their children’s emotional competence although most literature has focused on the influence of mothers. Dads Tuning in to Kids (Dads TIK) is a parenting program that teaches fathers to coach their children in learning about emotions, while also helping fathers increase awareness and regulation of their own emotions. A randomized controlled efficacy trial of Dads TIK was conducted with a community sample of 162 fathers of a 4‐year‐old child attending preschool in Melbourne, Australia. Those allocated to the intervention attended a seven‐session manualized group program. Questionnaires were completed by fathers, the fathers’ partners and the children’s teachers at baseline and 6‐month follow‐up. Results were that fathers in the intervention condition but not control condition reported significant increases in emotion socialization, parenting satisfaction and efficacy, and reductions in their children’s difficult behaviors. Partners of fathers in the intervention condition reported reductions in their own emotion dismissing parenting and improvements in psychological well‐being. Partners and teachers reported significant improvements in children’s behavior across both intervention and control conditions. These findings suggest a father‐focused program appears to lead to changes in fathers’ emotion socialization skills that may have benefits for partners’ functioning and children’s behavior.
Post‐transcriptional adaptation of the aquatic plant Spirodela polyrhiza under stress and hormonal stimuli
Authors: Fourounjian Paul , Tang Jie , Tanyolac Bahattin , Feng Yaping , Gelfand Brian , Kakrana Atul , Tu Min , Wakim Chris , Meyers Blake C. , Ma Jiong , Messing Joachim 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThe Lemnaceae family comprises aquatic plants of angiosperms gaining attention due to their utility in wastewater treatment, and rapid production of biomass that can be used as feed, fuel, or food. Moreover, it can serve as a model species for neotenous growth and environmental adaptation. The latter properties are subject to post‐transcriptional regulation of gene expression, meriting investigation of how miRNAs in Spirodela polyrhiza, the most basal and most thoroughly sequenced member of the family, are expressed under different growth conditions. To further scientific understanding of its capacity to adapt to environmental cues, we measured miRNA expression and processing of their target sequences under different temperatures, and in the presence of abscisic acid, copper, kinetin, nitrate, and sucrose. Using two small RNA sequencing experiments and one degradome sequencing experiment, we provide evidence for 108 miRNAs. Sequencing cleaved mRNAs validated 42 conserved miRNAs with 83 targets and 24 novel miRNAs regulating 66 targets and created a list of 575 predicted and verified targets. These analyses revealed condition‐induced changes in miRNA expression and cleavage activity, and resulted in the addition of stringently reviewed miRNAs to miRBase. This combination of small RNA and degradome sequencing provided not only high confidence predictions of conserved and novel miRNAs and targets, but also a view of the post‐transcriptional regulation of adaptations. A unique aspect is the role of miR156 and miR172 expression and activity in its clonal propagation and neoteny. Additionally, low levels of 24 nt sRNAs were observed, despite the lack of recent retrotransposition.
Reversal of the antiplatelet effect of ticagrelor by simulated platelet transfusion
Authors: Zhang Shuhua , Xu Ke , Mei Lianlian , Zhu Hui , Li Jimin , Wang Fei , Yang Lu , Zhang Jing , Fan Yuansheng , Zou Fengwei , Niles Kelecia , Eikelboom John W. , Li Chunjian 
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUNDReversal of antiplatelet therapy is desirable in patients presenting with life‐threatening bleeding or requiring urgent surgery. This study aimed to examine ticagrelor reversal using donor platelets and to explore the effects of residual ticagrelor on donor platelets.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSIn Cohort 1, 16 healthy subjects were treated with ticagrelor 90 mg twice daily alone or in combination with aspirin 100 mg once daily for 7 days followed by single blood sampling for preparation of platelet‐rich plasma. An additional 16 healthy subjects served as controls. In Cohort 2, 16 healthy subjects were treated with ticagrelor 90 mg twice daily or clopidogrel 75 mg once daily for 7 days followed by serial blood samplings for preparation of platelet‐poor plasma (PPP). An additional 16 healthy subjects served as controls.RESULTSIn Cohort 1, inhibition of adenosine diphosphate–induced platelet aggregation (PLADP) by ticagrelor could not be fully reversed by mixing with up to 90% control platelets, whereas inhibition of arachidonic acid–induced platelet aggregation by aspirin was fully reversed with the addition of 60% control platelets. In Cohort 2, 10% PPP obtained from ticagrelor‐treated subjects reduced PLADP from 74% to 40% at 2 hours, 72% to 58% at 6 hours, and 73% to 59% at 10 hours, while 10% or 20% PPP obtained from clopidogrel‐treated subjects did not inhibit PLADP.CONCLUSIONThe antiplatelet effect of ticagrelor cannot be fully reversed by donor platelets, which could be explained by the presence of active drug. The effect of residual drug on donor platelets appears to be evident for at least 10 hours after ticagrelor ingestion.
Antigens under cover—The preservation and demasking of selected antigens for successful poststaining immunocytochemistry of effusion, brain smears, and lymph node aspirates
Authors: Dörfelt Stefanie , Matiasek Lara A. , Felten Sandra , Sangl Laura , Hartmann Katrin , Matiasek Kaspar 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn clinical cytology, the applicability of an ancillary test such as immunocytochemistry is too often limited by low sample volume, poor cell representation, and sample preservation. Diagnosticians often read Romanowsky‐stained cytology, although specific techniques such as immunocytochemistry are often essential for a definitive diagnosis.ObjectivesThe goal of the present study aimed to investigate if immunocytochemistry on previously‐stained cytologic specimens was possible. Different pretreatments were examined to determine which treatment preserved antigenicity best.MethodsOne hundred and twenty‐two impression smears and 64 fine‐needle aspirate preparations of brain and lymph nodes were processed and evaluated microscopically. The impact of staining cytologic preparations with a modified Wright's stain, using a destaining method, performing a coverslipping and decoverslipping process, and subjecting smears to a microwave treatment (MWT) were examined for the immunolabeling of selected nuclear, cytoplasmic, and plasmalemmal antigens, as well as intracellular feline coronavirus (FCoV). Biotinylated secondary antibodies were used, and the bound primary antibody was visualized using an ABC amplification kit.ResultsCellular antigens were reliably detected with immunocytochemistry after smears were stained with a Romansky stain and were coverslipped early after staining and stayed coverslipped until immediately before immunolabeling. The staining intensity reached the same levels as that of the controls if the films underwent MWT in citrate buffer. In contrast, FCoV antigen detection was abolished after any physicochemical interference.ConclusionsPoststaining immunocytochemistry represents a practical tool for additional investigations on prestained cytologic specimens when searching for cellular antigens. Paired untreated samples should be kept in case the workup requires testing for more vulnerable viral antigens.