bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WHY DOES THE LESSER GREY SHRIKE (LANIUS MINOR) SELDOM STORE FOOD? DETERMINANTS OF IMPALING IN AN UNCOMMON STORING SPECIES
Authors: Valera Francisco , Krištín Anton , Hoi Herbert 
Published: July 2002

AbstractHoarding behaviour in birds is well known, but some aspects, like variation in hoarding among closely related species, have received little attention. To explain this variation would help understand the evolution of hoarding and ecological aspects related to prey storing. Shrike species are ideal for this purpose, because hoarding is widespread in them but apparently varies too. Here we analyse impaling in one of these species, the lesser grey shrike, and try to unravel experimentally factors triggering and constraining such behaviour. Field data show that the lesser grey shrike seldom stores food under natural conditions. Longterm food surplus of valuable prey did not stimulate food storing. Hoarding was induced experimentally by offering birds a transient, spatially clumped food surplus. Repeated exposure of birds to experimental food surplus significantly increased the impaling rate. This suggests that low caching rates may be partly caused by lack of experience. Foraging successfully competed with hoarding, which was more frequent after satiation. Males also preferred to feed the female rather than to store food. We conclude that lesser grey shrikes hoard when the immediate food needs are satisfied as a result of a transient high prey availability, which probably occurs seldom in nature. This variable and a likely limitation on suitable places for impaling may result in few stimuli for shrikes to cache, and may thus constrain the birds' learning process. This may also result in the lesser grey shrike's low hoarding propensity compared to other shrike species.
CHEMICAL SIGNALS IN MALE HOUSE MICE URINE: PROTEIN-BOUND MOLECULES MODULATE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN SEXES
Authors: Mucignat-Caretta Carla , Caretta Antonio 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe role of urinary chemosignals in sexual interactions was investigated in pairs of adult mice. Based on previous findings, volatile molecules bound by the Major Urinary Proteins (MUPs) from adult male urine were thought to be sufficient to carry information about the sex of the emitter, and thus sufficient to modify the behaviour of conspecifics. In the first experiment, virgin and stud adult males were exposed to receptive females painted or not with MUPs-borne molecules. Both virgin and stud males showed an increased latency to the first anogenital sniff and a reduced number of sniffings towards MUPs-treated females. This suggests that adult mice are repelled by MUPs-borne volatile molecules, even in the presence of female stimuli conveyed by receptive mates. In the second experiment only stud males were tested, with ovariectomized or estrogen-primed females. These latter were either untreated, painted with MUPs-borne molecules or MUPs without volatile ligands. Ovariectomized females and those treated with MUPs without ligands received less sniffs than the other two groups. Estrogen-primed females were mounted more times, with a shorter latency. Ovariectomized females and females treated with MUPs-borne ligands were attacked earlier by males. The presence of chemical cues from male urine is thus sufficient to modify the behaviour of stud males towards receptive females. In particular, MUPs-borne volatiles are sufficient to act as male cues and to induce aggression towards receptive females. It can be speculated that in nature adult male mice rely on olfactory cues like MUPs-borne odorants to firstly identify a male conspecific and possibly use similar chemical cues from their own urine to signal their presence.
Parasibirskite, a new mineral from Fuka, Okayama Prefecture, Japan
Authors: Kusachi I. , Takechi Y. , Henmi C. , Kobayashi S. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractParasibirskite, with the ideal formula Ca2B2O5·H2O, is a new mineral species found at Fuka, Okayama Prefecture, Japan. It is a polymorph of sibirskite, CaHBO3, and occurs as subparallel aggregates of tabular crystals up to 40 × 20 × 3 µm in size. Associated minerals are takedaite, olshanskyite, sibirskite, frolovite and calcite. The mineral is white, and has a weak pearly luster. Optically, the mineral is biaxial positive, α 1.556(2), β 1.593(2), γ 1.663(2) (λ 589 nm). The Vickers microhardness of aggregates is 121 kg mm−2. The mineral is monoclinic with space group of P21/m, a 6.722(4), b 5.437(2), c 3.555(2) Å, β 93.00(5)°, V 129.8(2), Å3. The strongest lines in the X-ray powder pattern [d in Å (I)(hkl)] are 2.237(100)(300), 6.73(70)(100), 2.975(60)(011), 3.354(30)(200), 2.855(20)(210) and 1.776(20) (002). Wet chemical analysis, electron-microprobe analysis and ICP emission spectrometry give the values CaO 56.06 %, B2O3 34.10 %, H2O 9.97 % and total 100.13%. The empirical formula calculated on the basis of O = 6 is Ca1.985B1.945O4.901·1.099H2O, for Z = 1, Dcalc 2.54 and Dmeas 2.50(1) g cm−3. Parasibirskite is formed by hydrothermal alteration of takedaite.
Fever-range hyperthermia dynamically regulates lymphocyte delivery to high endothelial venules
Authors: Evans Sharon S. , Wang Wan-Chao , Bain Mark D. , Burd Randy , Ostberg Julie R. , Repasky Elizabeth A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractFever is associated with increased survival during acute infection, although its mechanism of action is largely unknown. This study found evidence of an unexpectedly integrated mechanism by which fever-range temperatures stimulate lymphocyte homing to secondary lymphoid tissues by increasing L-selectin and α4β7 integrin–dependent adhesive interactions between circulating lymphocytes and specialized high endothelial venules (HEV). Exposure of splenic lymphocytes in vivo to fever-like whole-body hyperthermia (WBH; 39.8 ± 0.2°C for 6 hours) stimulated both L-selectin and α4β7 integrin–dependent adhesion of lymphocytes to HEV under shear conditions in lymph nodes and Peyer patches. The adhesiveness of HEV ligands for L-selectin and α4β7 integrin (ie, peripheral lymph node addressin and mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1) also increased during WBH or febrile responses associated with lipopolysaccharide-induced or turpentine-induced inflammation. Similar increases in HEV adhesion occurred during hyperthermia treatment of lymph node and Peyer patch organ cultures in vitro, indicating that the local lymphoid tissue microenvironment is sufficient for the hyperthermia response. In contrast, WBH did not augment adhesion in squamous endothelium of nonlymphoid tissues. Analysis of homing of α4β7hi L-selectinlo murine TK1 cells and L-selectinhi α4β7 integrin-negative 300.19/L-selectin transfectant cells showed that fever-range temperatures caused a 3- to 4-fold increase in L-selectin and α4β7 integrin–dependent trafficking to secondary lymphoid tissues. Thus, enhanced lymphocyte delivery to HEV by febrile temperatures through bimodal regulation of lymphocyte and endothelial adhesion provides a novel mechanism to promote immune surveillance.
Long-term induction of immune tolerance after blockade of CD40-CD40L interaction in a mouse model of hemophilia A
Authors: Rossi Gabriela , Sarkar Jolly , Scandella Dorothea 
Published: July 2002

AbstractA factor VIII–deficient knockout mouse was used as a model for severe hemophilia A to characterize the immune response to recombinant human factor VIII (fVIII) and to study new approaches for induction of immune tolerance to fVIII. Mice initially received periodic injections of fVIII in doses similar to those used for the treatment of human hemophilia A. To induce immune tolerance, a hamster monoclonal antibody specific for murine CD40 ligand (CD40L or CD154) was injected with fVIII. Control mice received fVIII alone or fVIII and hamster immunoglobulin G. After treatment, humoral and cellular immune responses were evaluated. Ninety-five percent of anti-CD40L–treated mice had lower titers of anti-fVIII antibody (less than 1 μg/mL) compared with fVIII-injected control mice (mean, 18 μg/mL). To determine whether anti-CD40L treatment induces long-term immune tolerance, mice were rechallenged 3 times with fVIII alone. At 150 days after treatment, 12 of 22 anti-CD40L–treated mice remained tolerant to fVIII (anti-fVIII antibody titers less than 1 μg/mL). However, tolerant mice immunized with tetanus toxoid (TT) developed high anti-TT antibody, demonstrating that tolerance is fVIII specific. T cells from tolerant mice showed impaired proliferative responses after stimulation with fVIII in vitro and lack of production of the cytokines interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, interferon γ, and IL-10. These results demonstrate that long-term immune tolerance to fVIII was effectively induced after early blockade of CD40-CD40L interaction. In addition, the lack of tolerance in this model was associated with the expression of a Th2 phenotype.
Direct intracellular measurement of deoxygenated hemoglobin S solubility
Authors: Fabry Mary E. , Desrosiers Laurephile , Suzuka Sandra M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe solubility of deoxygenated hemoglobin S (HbS), which is the concentration of fully deoxygenated HbS in equilibrium with polymer (CSAT), is a factor that determines in vivo polymer formation. However, measurement of CSAT is usually performed under conditions that are far from physiological. In solution studies of HbS by Benesch et al, it was demonstrated that p50, the point at which hemoglobin is half-saturated with oxygen, is proportional to the amount of polymer formed and that it may be used to measure CSAT. This method has been extended to measure CSAT in intact red cells by varying extracellular osmolarity, which, in turn, varies intracellular hemoglobin concentration. This method measures intracellular CSAT under physiological conditions with intact red cell contents and can be applied to human and transgenic mouse red cells. The principle is demonstrated by measuring p50 as a function of extracellular osmolarity for AA, SS, and AS red cells.
The natural history of chronic hepatitis C in a cohort of HIV-negative Italian patients with hereditary bleeding disorders
Authors: Franchini Massimo , Rossetti Gina , Tagliaferri Annarita , Capra Franco , de Maria Elena , Pattacini Corrado , Lippi Giuseppe , Lo Cascio Giuliana , de Gironcoli Marzia , Gandini Giorgio 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
This study looked at 102 anti–hepatitis C virus (HCV)–positive, hepatitis B virus (HBV)–negative, and HIV-negative patients (median age, 45.1 years; range, 15-71) affected by hereditary bleeding disorders who have been infected with HCV for 15 to 34 years (median, 25.1). All these patients were infected before the mid 1980s because of non–virally inactivated pooled blood products. Fourteen patients (13.7%) were HCV-RNA negative with no signs of liver disease and were considered to have cleared the virus. Eighty-eight patients (86.3%) were HCV-RNA positive. The HCV genotype distribution was 1a in 20.5%, 1b in 36.4%, 2 in 17.0%, 3 in 15.9%, 4 in 3.4%, and mixed in 6.8% of cases. Twenty-four patients (23.5%) had serum cryoglobulins, symptomatic in 4 cases, and associated with liver disease and with genotype 1. Among the 88 HCV-RNA–positive patients, 15 (17.0%) had normal alanine aminotransferase levels and abdominal ultrasound, 61 (69.3%) had nonprogressive chronic hepatitis, and 12 (13.7%) had severe liver disease (6 [6.9%] liver cirrhosis, 4 [4.5%] hepatic decompensation, and 2 [2.3%] hepatocellular carcinoma) after a follow-up period of 25 years. There were 3 (3.4%) liver-related deaths. HCV genotype 1, patient's age at evaluation, duration of infection, and severity of congenital bleeding disorder were associated with more advanced liver disease. The results confirm the slow progression of HCV infection in HIV-negative hemophiliacs.
Integrated src kinase and costimulatory activity enhances signal transduction through single-chain chimeric receptors in T lymphocytes
Authors: Geiger Terrence L. , Nguyen Phuong , Leitenberg David , Flavell Richard A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAdoptive immunotherapy using receptor-modified T lymphocytes has shown promise in preclinical studies for the treatment of infectious and malignant diseases. These modified T cells express chimeric receptors that link ligand recognition and signal transduction domains in a single gene product. Typically, a single chain Fv fragment is genetically attached to the cytoplasmic domain of the T-cell receptor (TCR) ζ chain. Modulating the signaling characteristics of chimeric receptors will be important for their application to human immunotherapy. It was hypothesized that linking coreceptor and costimulatory signaling motifs together with the ζ signaling domain will enhance receptor function. The present study compares signaling characteristics of 9 single-chain receptors consisting of the H-2Kb extracellular and transmembrane domains and various combinations of T cell signal transduction domains. Signal transduction regions studied include the TCR ζ chain, the CD4 coreceptor, the lck protein tyrosine kinase, and the CD28 costimulatory receptor. Biochemical characteristics of the receptors, analyzed using calcium flux, receptor, and ZAP-70 phosphorylation, and lck association may be predicted from the known functions of receptor constituents. The combination of ζ together with coreceptor and costimulatory function in a single receptor maximizes chimeric receptor sensitivity and potency. Combining ζ with either the costimulatory or coreceptor function independently also enhances receptor function, though to a lesser extent. It is therefore possible to link TCR, coreceptor, and costimulatory activities in a single functional entity using modular domains. Such receptors demonstrate distinct signaling properties and should prove useful in the development of chimeric receptors for therapeutic purposes.
Long-Term Aspirin vs Clopidogrel After Coronary Stenting by Bleeding Risk and Procedural Complexity
Authors: Kang Jeehoon , Chung Jaewook , Park Kyung Woo , Bae Jang-Whan , Lee Huijin , Hwang Doyeon , Yang Han-Mo , Han Kyoo-Rok , Moon Keon-Woong , Kim Ung , Rhee Moo-Yong , Kim Doo-Il , Kim Song-Yi , Lee Sung-Yun , Lee Seung Uk , Kim Sang-Wook , Kim Seok Yeon , Han Jung-Kyu , Shin Eun-Seok , Koo Bon-Kwon , Kim Hyo-Soo 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceAntiplatelet monotherapy in the chronic maintenance period for patients with high bleeding risk (HBR) and those who have undergone complex percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has not yet been explored.ObjectiveTo compare clopidogrel vs aspirin monotherapy in patients with HBR and/or PCI complexity.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis post hoc analysis of the multicenter HOST-EXAM Extended study, an open-label trial conducted across 37 sites in South Korea, enrolled patients from 2014 to 2018 with up to 5.9 years of follow-up. The analysis was conducted from February to November 2023. Patients who maintained dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) event-free for 6 to 18 months following PCI were included.InterventionsPatients were randomized to receive either clopidogrel or aspirin in a 1:1 ratio. Those with sufficient data to assess HBR or complex PCI were analyzed.Main Outcomes and MeasuresCoprimary end points were thrombotic composite end point (cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, readmission due to acute coronary syndrome, and definite/probable stent thrombosis) and any bleeding (Bleeding Academic Research Consortium type 2 to 5).ResultsOf 3974 patients included (mean [SD] age, 63.4 [10.7] years; 2976 male [74.9%]), 866 had HBR (21.8%), and 849 underwent complex PCI (21.4%). Clopidogrel as compared with aspirin was associated with lower rates of thrombotic and bleeding events regardless of HBR and/or PCI complexity. For the thrombotic composite end point, the hazard ratio (HR) was 0.75 (95% CI, 0.53-1.04) among HBR vs 0.62 (95% CI, 0.48-0.80) among patients without HBR (P for interaction = 0.38) and 0.49 (95% CI, 0.32-0.77) among patients with complex PCI vs 0.74 (95% CI, 0.59-0.92) among patients with noncomplex PCI (P for interaction = 0.12). The reduction in bleeding by clopidogrel compared with aspirin was consistent among both patients with HBR (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.56-1.21) and patients without HBR (HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.40-0.85; P for interaction = 0.20) and among patients undergoing complex PCI (HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.47-1.33) vs noncomplex PCI (HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.50-0.93; P for interaction = 0.62).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, in patients who experienced PCI and were event-free during 6 to 18 months of DAPT, the beneficial impact of clopidogrel monotherapy over aspirin monotherapy was consistent, regardless of bleeding risk and/or PCI complexity.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02044250
Patient, Caregiver, and Clinician Perspectives on the Time Burdens of Cancer Care
Authors: Gupta Arjun , Johnson Whitney V. , Henderson Nicole L. , Ogunleye Obafemi O. , Sekar Preethiya , George Manju , Breininger Allison , Kyle Michael Anne , Booth Christopher M. , Hanna Timothy P. , Rocque Gabrielle B. , Parsons Helen M. , Vogel Rachel I. , Blaes Anne H. 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceCancer and its care impose significant time commitments on patients and care partners. The oncology community has only recently conceptualized these commitments and the associated burden as the “time toxicity” of cancer care. As the concept gains traction, there is a critical need to fundamentally understand the perspectives of multiple stakeholders on the time burdens of cancer care.ObjectivesTo explore time-consuming aspects of cancer care that were perceived as burdensome, identify the individuals most affected by time burdens of cancer care, and evaluate the consequences of these time burdens.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsParticipants in this qualitative analysis were recruited from a National Cancer Institute–designated cancer center in Minnesota, where semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted from February 1 to October 31, 2023. Purposive and criterion sampling methods were used to recruit patients (adults with advanced stage gastrointestinal cancer receiving systemic cancer-directed treatment), care partners (patient-identified informal [unpaid] partners), and clinicians (physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, nurses, social workers, and schedulers). Data were analyzed from February 2023 to February 2024.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThematic analysis was conducted with a hybrid (inductive and deductive methods) approach. Themes, subthemes, and illustrative quotations are presented.ResultsInterviews included 47 participants (16 patients [8 aged ≤60 years; 12 women (75.0%)], 15 care partners [12 aged ≤60 years; 9 women (60.0%)], and 16 clinicians [11 women (68.7%)]). A total of 31 subthemes were identified that were grouped into 5 themes. Theme 1 captured time burdens due to health care outside the home (eg, travel, parking, and waiting time), while theme 2 identified the often invisible tasks performed at home (eg, handling insurance and medical bills, receiving formal home-based care). Theme 3 explored how care partners are affected alongside patients (eg, burdens extending to the wider network of family, friends, and community) and theme 4 represented the consequences of time burdens (eg, demoralization, seemingly short visits turned into all-day affairs). Finally, theme 5 referenced positive time spent in clinical interactions and hope for change (eg, patients value meaningful care, the “time toxicity” label is a spark for change).Conclusions and RelevanceThis qualitative analysis identifies key sources and effects of time toxicity, as well as the populations affected. The results of this study will guide the oncology community to map, measure, and address future time burdens.
The Effect of 7‐Day Cold Water Acclimation on Autophagic and Apoptotic Responses in Young Males
Authors: King Kelli E. , McCormick James J. , Kenny Glen P. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWhile cold acclimation can enhance thermoregulation in humans, the potential to improve cellular cold tolerance remains unknown. Thus, this work aims to evaluate the effect of a 7‐day cold‐water acclimation on the cytoprotective mechanism of autophagy in young males. Further, this work assesses changes in cellular cold tolerance by employing hypothermic ex vivo (whole blood) cooling prior to and following acclimation. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells are isolated before and after cold exposures on days 1, 4, and 7 of acclimation and following ex vivo cooling. Proteins associated with autophagy, apoptosis, the heat shock response, and inflammation are analyzed via Western blotting. Indicators of autophagic dysfunction paired with increased apoptotic signaling are prevalent at the beginning of acclimation. At the end of acclimation, autophagic activity increased while apoptotic and inflammatory signaling decreased. Although an elevated heat shock response is observed following cold exposure, this does not change throughout the acclimation. Further, improvements of autophagic activity are observed during ex vivo cooling along with a reduction of apoptotic signaling, albeit still elevated compared to basal levels. This work shows that 7‐day cold acclimation elicits improvements in cellular cold tolerance in young males through enhanced autophagic responses concomitant with reductions in apoptotic signaling.
Self‐Powered High‐Responsivity Self‐Supporting SiC/SnO2 Nanoarray Photoelectrochemical Ultraviolet Photodetector: Toward All‐Scenario Harsh Underwater Applications
Authors: Zou Bocong , Chen Chunmei , Sun Li , Lin Yan , Liu Zhiheng , Li Weijun , Wang Lin , Gao Fengmei , He Huan , Yang Weiyou , Zhang Dongdong , Chen Shanliang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBattery‐free photodetection is necessary for underwater optical communication, which poses extremely high requirements in terms of the self‐powering capability of photodetectors (PDs) and their ability to operate in harsh liquid environments. Emerging photoelectrochemical (PEC) PDs are appealing owing to their inherent aqueous operation behaviors with highly tunable photoresponses. Herein, a novel self‐powered PEC ultraviolet (UV) PD applicable to all‐scenario harsh underwater environments, including seawater at different latitudes and solutions with different pH values and temperatures, is demonstrated based on integrated self‐supporting SiC/SnO2 heterojunction nanoarrays. The SiC/SnO2 heterojunction nanoarrays are achieved by utilizing the anodic oxidation and chemical bath deposition. The SiC/SnO2 PEC PD demonstrates excellent photodetection performance with rapid rise/decay times (τr/τd, 30/120 ms), high responsivity (Rλ, 1.97 A W−1), remarkable detectivity (D*, 1.98 × 1011 Jones), and large external quantum efficiency (EQE, 65.5%) in seawater under 375 nm UV light illumination with zero bias voltage. Moreover, the PEC PD delivers a high photoresponse and excellent aging stability in different latitudes of the world's oceans. The photodetection capability is robust even under harsh conditions, such as strongly acidic and alkaline liquid conditions, and at high temperatures. The developed device is a new type of photodetection device for future all‐scenario underwater optical communication.