bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation And Characterization Of Soil Microbes Of Shekhawati Region, Rajasthan
Authors: Tyagi Abhinav , Bajpai Vivek , Gupta V.K. , Gautam H.K.Gautam , Gaur Rajarshi Kumar 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBacteria are widely distributed and abundant in soils, but their ecological roles are poorly understood, owing in part to a paucity of cultured representatives. In a molecular survey at the Mody institute of Technology and science, Lakshmangarh, Sikar we isolated two microbes from soils using a biochemical and molecular methods. The isolates were sequenced by 16S rDNA, and designated as Pseudomonas sp. RK05 (HQ009799) and Uncultured gamma proteobacterium clone RK 04 (HQ009800). Results confirmed the hazardous effects of pollution on the distribution and biodiversity of soil microorganisms where most of the native beneficial microorganisms were disappeared or non-cultured under these stressed conditions compared to the normal non-polluted soils in the same governorate which is certainly affecting soil fertility and productivity. Results also proved the efficiency of molecular characterization as precise and fast techniques for determining soil biodiversity compared to the traditional cultivation methods.
Essay: On the close relationship between speciation, inbreeding and recessive mutations.
Authors: Joly Etienne 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWhilst the principle of adaptive evolution is unanimously recognised as being caused by the process of natural selection favouring the survival and/or reproduction of individuals having acquired new advantageous traits, a consensus has proven much harder to find regarding the actual origin of species. Indeed, since speciation corresponds to the establishment of reproductive barriers, it is difficult to see how it could bring a selective advantage because it amounts to a restriction in the opportunities to breed with as many and/or as diverse partners as possible. In this regard, Darwin himself did not believe that reproductive barriers could be selected for, and today most evolutionary biologists still believe that speciation can only occur through a process of separation allowing two populations to diverge sufficiently to become infertile with one another. I do, however, take the view that, if so much speciation has occurred, and still occurs around us, it cannot be a consequence of passive drift but must result from a selection process, whereby it is advantageous for groups of individuals to reproduce preferentially with one another and reduce their breeding with the rest of the population.In this essay, I propose a model whereby new species arise by “budding” from an ancestral stock, via a process of inbreeding among small numbers of individuals, driven by the occurrence of advantageous recessive mutations. Since the phenotypes associated to such mutations can only be retained in the context of inbreeding, it is the pressure of the ancestral stock which will promote additional reproductive barriers, and ultimately result in complete separation of a new species. I thus contend that the phenomenon of speciation would be driven by mutations resulting in the advantageous loss of certain functions, whilst adaptive evolution would correspond to gains of function that would, most of the time be dominant.A very important further advantage of inbreeding is that it reduces the accumulation of recessive mutations in genomes. A consequence of the model proposed is that the existence of species would correspond to a metastable equilibrium between inbreeding and outbreeding, with excessive inbreeding promoting speciation, and excessive outbreeding resulting in irreversible accumulation of recessive mutations that could ultimately only lead to the species extinction.
Expanding the modern synthesis II: Formal perspectives on the inherent role of niche construction in fitness
Authors: Wallace Rodrick 
Published: July 2019

AbstractExpanding the modern synthesis requires elevating the role of interaction within and across various biological scales to the status of an evolutionary principle. One way to do this is to characterize genes, gene expression, and embedding environment as information sources linked by crosstalk, constrained by the asymptotic limit theorems of information theory (Wallace, 2010a). This produces an inherently interactive structure that escapes the straightjacket of mathematical population genetics or other replicator dynamics. Here, we examine fitness from that larger perspective, finding it intimately intertwined with niche construction. Two complementary models are explored: niche construction as mediating the connection between environmental signals and gene expression, and as a means of tuning the channel for the transmission of genetic information in a noisy environment. These are different views of the same elephant, in a sense, seen as simplified projections down from a larger dynamic system.
Effects of surface passivation on gliding motility assays
Authors: Maloney Andy , Herskowitz Lawrence , Koch Steven 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this study, we report differences in the observed gliding speed of microtubules dependent on the choice of bovine casein used as a surface passivator. We observed differences in both speed and support of microtubules in each of the assays. Whole casein, comprised of [alpha]~s1~, [alpha]~s2~, [beta], and [kappa] casein, supported motility and averaged speeds of966 ± 7 nm/s. Alpha casein can be purchased as a combination of s1 and s2 and supported gliding motility and average speeds of 949 ± 4 nm/s. Beta casein did not support motility very well and averaged speeds of 870 ± 30 nm/s. Kappa casein supported motility very poorly and we were unable to obtain an average speed. Finally,we observed that mixing alpha, beta, and kappa casein with the proportions found in bovine whole casein supported motility and averaged speeds of 966 ± 7 nm/s.
Study of Molecular Mechanism of Antibiotic susceptibility against Polymicrobial Oral infection
Authors: Dwivedi Deepak 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAbstract Introduction- Antibiotic to treat dental caries infection are routinely prescribed. Bacteria have increased resistance to the currently recommended antibiotics. The purpose of this investigation was to perform antibiotic susceptibility on a panel pathogenic strain of bacteria isolated step by step from dental caries infection.
Materials and Methods
-Bacteria were isolated from caries site of patients and cultivated identified at the species level. Each of 150 species of bacteria was tested for antibiotics susceptibility to a five antibiotics using Etest. Antibiotic used were Amoxicillin, Cloxocillin, Erythromycin, Tetracycline, Penicillin-V.

Results
- The percentages of Resistance in treatment for each antibiotic in this study were penicillin V: 72/150 (48%), Tetracycline: 99/150 (66%), amoxicillin: 135/150 (90%), Cloxocillin: 117/150 (78%), and Erythromycin: 90/150 (60%) (Table 1). If combination antibiotic therapy had been used to treat the bacteria isolated from dental caries, the percentage of Resistance for the combination of penicillin V/Amoxicillin would have been 39/150 (26%), and the combination of amoxicillin/ Erythromycin would have been 45/150 (30%).

Conclusion
- This study demonstrated the Molecular Mechanism of antibiotic resistance and susceptibility pattern, of bacteria causing dental caries. The comprehensive results data obtained will allow in investigating spatial distribution of pathogenic antibiotic resistant bacteria in patients of dental caries. In turn this will allow the development of novel diagnostic and treatment methods.
Evolution as a language that speaks itself
Authors: Wallace Rodrick 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe 'self-referential' character of evolutionary process noted by Goldenfeld and Woese (2010) can be restated through a 'language' model in which genes, gene expression, and environment are represented as interacting information sources. The larger, composite, source that characterizes the high probability evolutionary paths then becomes, in a real sense, a language that speaks itself. The approach represents a significant extension of nonequilibrium condensed matter formalism in which the asymptotic limit theorems of information theory beat back the mathematical thicket a full step, providing necessary, but not sufficient, conditions for punctuated evolutionary transitions that can themselves be expressed as highly structured large deviations having their own grammar and syntax.
A Note On The Denisova Cave mtDNA Sequence
Authors: Caldararo Niccolo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe recently published Altai fossil sequence from Denisova Cave was purported to be so different from anatomically modern humans, yet have the physiological landmarks of that species designation. When the published sequence was examined it was found that segments in the mtDNA hypervariable regions could be found to align with that of anatomically modern humans if one introduced an insertion at a position found in Neanderthals. Some other points of interest arise from a reconsideration of the sequences for other published samples and Neanderthals from the same perspective.
Allelic Frequency of ABO And Rh D Blood Group Among The Banjara Backward Caste of Yavatmal District, Maharashtra , India
Authors: Chavhan Aravind , Pawar Santosh , Baig Mumtaz 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe distribution of ABO blood groups and Rh(D) factor has been studied among the Banjara of Backward population of Yavatmal (Maharashtra). The A, B, O and AB blood group percentage were recorded as 24.54%, 33.82%, 29.64% and 12% respectively. The allele frequencies of O, A, B and AB groups in the combined data were found to be 0.5354, 0.2022 and 0.2624 respectively. The distribution of Rh(D) group varies among the ABO blood groups. The Rh(D) positive allelic frequency was 0.8405 and the Rh(D) negative incidence was recorded as 02.55% in the studied population.
The proatherosclerotic function of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 in the developmental stage of atherosclerosis
Authors: Liang Heng , Chen Mantian , Qi Fangfei , Shi Lei , Duan Zhenzhen , Yang Ruoyu , He Jinchao , Lou Bin , Li Yigang , Yang Qing 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe discrepancy of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) function in atherosclerosis has been noted. Compared to the protective effect of IDO1 against established atherogenesis, the role of IDO1 in the developmental process of atherosclerosis is still unclear. Here, the expression patterns and activities of IDO1 and its isoenzyme tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) in aortas and blood samples of patients with atherosclerosis were investigated. IDO1 and TDO were colocalized with CD3-positive lymphocytes and CD68-positive macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions. The expression and activity of IDO1 and TDO increased with the grade of the histological classification in early atherosclerosis (grade I, II), but the increase did not continue in advanced atherosclerosis (grade III). Treatment of THP-1 macrophages (THP-M) with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) induced the expression of IDO1 via the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway, indicating the potential function of IDO1 in foam cells. Before and after treatment with oxLDL on THP-M, IFN-γ-induced IDO1 exhibited different degrees of promotion on foaming, inflammatory factor production and cell apoptosis. Finally, we found that the IDO1 inhibitor 1-methyl-tryptophan could elevate the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level in serum and reduce the area of the aortic atherosclerotic lesions in high-fat diet-fed ApoE−/−mice. Our study indicated that IDO1 played a complicated and unfixed role in the entire process of atherogenesis, despite the atheroprotective role in established atherosclerosis. IDO1 also had proatherosclerotic functions in the developmental stages of atherosclerosis. Modulation of IDO1 could be a good method for alleviating atherosclerosis.
Hypoxia inducible factor 1α in vascular smooth muscle cells promotes angiotensin II-induced vascular remodeling via activation of CCL7-mediated macrophage recruitment
Authors: Qi Dan , Wei Ming , Jiao Shiyu , Song Yanting , Wang Xia , Xie Guomin , Taranto Joseph , Liu Ye , Duan Yan , Yu Baoqi , Li Huihua , Shah Yatrik M. , Xu Qingbo , Du Jie , Gonzalez Frank J. , Qu Aijuan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe process of vascular remodeling is associated with increased hypoxia. However, the contribution of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α), the key transcription factor mediating cellular hypoxic responses, to vascular remodeling is established, but not completely understood. In the angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced vascular remodeling model, HIF1α was increased and activated in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Selective genetic disruption of Hif1a in VSMCs markedly ameliorated Ang II-induced vascular remodeling, as revealed by decreased blood pressure, aortic thickness, collagen deposition, inflammation, and aortic stiffness. VSMC Hif1a deficiency also specifically suppressed Ang II-induced infiltration of CD45+CD11b+F4/80+CD206− M1 macrophages into the vessel. Mechanistically, HIF1α deficiency in VSMCs dramatically suppressed the expression of CCL7, a chemokine critical for macrophage recruitment. Bioinformatic analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed three functional hypoxia-response elements in the Ccl7 promoter, indicating that Ccl7 is a direct HIF1α target gene. Blocking CCL7 with antibody in vivo alleviated Ang II-induced hypertension and vascular remodeling, coincident with decreased macrophage infiltration. This study provides direct evidence that HIF1α activation in VSMCs exacerbates Ang II-induced macrophage infiltration and resultant vascular remodeling via its target gene Ccl7, and thus may serve as a potential therapeutic target for remodeling-related vascular disease.
Amino acid-induced regulation of hepatocyte growth: possible role of Drosha
Authors: Fabris Gaia , Dumortier Olivier , Pisani Didier F. , Gautier Nadine , Van Obberghen Emmanuel 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn an adult healthy liver, hepatocytes are in a quiescent stage unless a physical injury, such as ablation, or a toxic attack occur. Indeed, to maintain their crucial organismal homeostatic role, the damaged or remaining hepatocytes will start proliferating to restore their functional mass. One of the limiting conditions for cell proliferation is amino-acid availability, necessary both for the synthesis of proteins important for cell growth and division, and for the activation of the mTOR pathway, known for its considerable role in the regulation of cell proliferation. The overarching aim of our present work was to investigate the role of amino acids in the regulation of the switch between quiescence and growth of adult hepatocytes. To do so we used non-confluent primary adult rat hepatocytes as a model of partially ablated liver. We discovered that the absence of amino acids induces in primary rat hepatocytes the entrance in a quiescence state together with an increase in Drosha protein, which does not involve the mTOR pathway. Conversely, Drosha knockdown allows the hepatocytes, quiescent after amino-acid deprivation, to proliferate again. Further, hepatocyte proliferation appears to be independent of miRNAs, the canonical downstream partners of Drosha. Taken together, our observations reveal an intriguing non-canonical action of Drosha in the control of growth regulation of adult hepatocytes responding to a nutritional strain, and they may help to design novel preventive and/or therapeutic approaches for hepatic failure.
Multilayered spraying and gradient dotting of nanodiamond–polycaprolactone guidance channels for restoration of immune homeostasis
Authors: Qian Yun , Cheng Yuan , Ouyang Yuanming , Yuan Wei-En , Fan Cunyi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe major problem in peripheral nerve repair is restoration of the microenvironment rather than traditional structural reconstruction. Nanodiamonds (NDs), highly biocompatible carbon nanoparticles, are widely applied in medical engineering. They may alleviate inflammatory insults in peripheral nerve injury because they can induce macrophage polarization from a proinflammatory to an anti-inflammatory state. Here we report a concentric multilayered spraying manufacturing process to fabricate microporous ND/polycaprolactone (PCL) nerve bridges. We investigated the proliferative, adhesive, and glioprotective role of these bridges in Schwann cells in vitro. We further evaluated their long-term in vivo performance in a 20-mm sciatic nerve defect rat model. ND/PCL nerve bridges are comparable to autografts in functional, electrophysiological, and morphological sciatic nerve repair. They ameliorate the immune milieu by inducing M1 to M2 macrophage polarization. In addition, they pose no harm to major organs after 4 months of implantation. These findings show the promising roles of ND-based nanotechnology in neuroengineering.
Phase and amplitude imaging with quantum correlations through Fourier Ptychography
Authors: Aidukas Tomas , Konda Pavan Chandra , Harvey Andrew R. , Padgett Miles J. , Moreau Paul-Antoine 
Published: July 2019

AbstractExtracting as much information as possible about an object when probing with a limited number of photons is an important goal with applications from biology and security to metrology. Imaging with a few photons is a challenging task as the detector noise and stray light are then predominant, which precludes the use of conventional imaging methods. Quantum correlations between photon pairs has been exploited in a so called ‘heralded imaging scheme’ to eliminate this problem. However these implementations have so-far been limited to intensity imaging and the crucial phase information is lost in these methods. In this work, we propose a novel quantum-correlation enabled Fourier Ptychography technique, to capture high-resolution amplitude and phase images with a few photons. This is enabled by the heralding of single photons combined with Fourier ptychographic reconstruction. We provide experimental validation and discuss the advantages of our technique that include the possibility of reaching a higher signal to noise ratio and non-scanning Fourier Ptychographic acquisition.
Speech, movement, and gaze behaviours during dyadic conversation in noise
Authors: Hadley Lauren V. , Brimijoin W. Owen , Whitmer William M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHow do people have conversations in noise and make themselves understood? While many previous studies have investigated speaking and listening in isolation, this study focuses on the behaviour of pairs of individuals in an ecologically valid context. Specifically, we report the fine-grained dynamics of natural conversation between interlocutors of varying hearing ability (n = 30), addressing how different levels of background noise affect speech, movement, and gaze behaviours. We found that as noise increased, people spoke louder and moved closer together, although these behaviours provided relatively small acoustic benefit (0.32 dB speech level increase per 1 dB noise increase). We also found that increased noise led to shorter utterances and increased gaze to the speaker’s mouth. Surprisingly, interlocutors did not make use of potentially beneficial head orientations. While participants were able to sustain conversation in noise of up to 72 dB, changes in conversation structure suggested increased difficulty at 78 dB, with a significant decrease in turn-taking success. Understanding these natural conversation behaviours could inform broader models of interpersonal communication, and be applied to the development of new communication technologies. Furthermore, comparing these findings with those from isolation paradigms demonstrates the importance of investigating social processes in ecologically valid multi-person situations.
A new glance on root-to-shoot in vivo zinc transport and time-dependent physiological effects of ZnSO4 and ZnO nanoparticles on plants
Authors: da Cruz Tatiana N. M. , Savassa Susilaine M. , Montanha Gabriel S. , Ishida Juliane K. , de Almeida Eduardo , Tsai Siu M. , Lavres Junior José , Pereira de Carvalho Hudson W. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUnderstanding nanoparticle root uptake and root-to-shoot transport might contribute to the use of nanotechnology in plant nutrition. This study performed time resolved experiments to probe Zn uptake, biotransformation and physiological effects on Phaseolus vulgaris (L.). Plants roots were exposed to ZnO nanoparticles (40 and 300 nm) dispersions and ZnSO4(aq) (100 and 1000 mg Zn L−1) for 48 h. Near edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy showed that 40 nm ZnO was more easily dissolved by roots than 300 nm ZnO. It also showed that in the leaves Zn was found as a mixture Zn3(PO4)2 and Zn-histidine complex. X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy showed that root-to-shoot Zn-translocation presented a decreasing gradient of concentration and velocity, it seems radial Zn movement occurs simultaneously to the axial xylem transport. Below 100 mg Zn L−1, the lower stem tissue section served as a buffer preventing Zn from reaching the leaves. Conversely, it was not observed for 1000 mg Zn L−1 ZnSO4(aq). Transcriptional analysis of genes encoding metal carriers indicated higher expression levels of tonoplast-localized transporters, suggesting that the mechanism trend to accumulate Zn in the lower tissues may be associated with an enhanced of Zn compartmentalization in vacuoles. The photosynthetic rate, transpiration, and water conductance were impaired by treatments.
Tailored cell sheet engineering using microstereolithography and electrochemical cell transfer
Authors: Kobayashi Yuka , Cordonier Christopher E. J. , Noda Yohei , Nagase Fuminori , Enomoto Junko , Kageyama Tatsuto , Honma Hideo , Maruo Shoji , Fukuda Junji 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPostoperative adhesion and occlusion remain a serious issue associated with various surgeries, including endoscopic surgery, in which proliferated fibrous tissues stick to adjacent tissues and often cause severe complications. Cell sheet engineering has emerged as an effective approach not only for cell transplantation but also for the treatment of postoperative adhesion and occlusion. However, as the tissues in the body, such as middle ear and small intestine, and typical operative sites are non-flat and spatially complicated, tailored cell sheets with three-dimensional (3D) configurations may lead to widespread use of this approach. In the present study, we used microstereolithography, biocompatible gold plating, and electrochemical cell detachment to achieve this purpose. Various objects with dimensions ranging from millimeter- to micrometer-scale were fabricated with photocurable resin using lab-made equipment for microstereolithography. To coat the fabricated objects with a thin gold layer, conventional cyanide-based gold plating was unusable because it severely damaged almost all cells. Electroless non-cyanide gold plating we prepared was cytocompatible and suitable for electrochemical cell detachment. Cell sheets on the gold-plated substrate could be directly transplanted into a mouse intraperitoneally using electrochemical cell detachment. We further demonstrated that cell sheets grown on gold-coated 3D objects were rapidly detached along with the desorption of electroactive-oligopeptide monolayer and transferred to a surrounding hydrogel. This approach may provide a promising strategy to prepare and directly transplant tailor-made cell sheets with suitable configurations.