bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphology and Memory: Toward an Integrated Theory
Authors: Jackendoff Ray , Audring Jenny 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFramed in psychological terms, the basic question of linguistic theory is what is stored in memory, and in what form. Traditionally, what is stored is divided into grammar and lexicon, where grammar contains the rules and the lexicon is an unstructured list of exceptions. We develop an alternative view in which rules of grammar are simply lexical items that contain variables, and in which rules have two functions. In theirgenerativefunction, they are used to build novel structures, just as in traditional generative linguistics. In theirrelationalfunction, they capture generalizations over stored items in the lexicon, a role not seriously explored in traditional linguistic theory. The result is a highly structured lexicon with rich patterns among stored items. We further explore the possibility that this sort of structuring is not specific to language, but appears in other cognitive domains as well, such as the structure of physical objects, of music, and of geographical and social knowledge. The differences among cognitive domains do not lie in this overall texture, but in the materials over which stored relations are defined. The challenge is to develop theories of representation in these other domains comparable to that for language.
Arabidopsis VQ18 and VQ26 proteins interact with ABI5 transcription factor to negatively modulate ABA response during seed germination
Authors: Pan Jinjing , Wang Houping , Hu Yanru , Yu Diqiu 
Published: May 2018

SummarySeed germination and early seedling establishment, critical developmental stages in the life cycle of seed plants, are modulated by diverse endogenous hormones and the surrounding environment. Arabidopsis ABSCISIC ACID‐INSENSITIVE5 (ABI5) is a central transcription factor of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling that represses those processes. ABI5 is precisely modulated at post‐translational level; however, whether it interacts with other crucial transcriptional regulators remains to be investigated. In this study, VQ18 and VQ26, two members of the recently‐identified VQ family, were found to interact with ABI5 in vitro and in vivo. Phenotypic analysis showed that VQ18 and VQ26 are responsive to ABA and negatively mediate ABA signaling redundantly during seed germination. Simultaneously decreasing VQ18 and VQ26 expression levels enhanced ABA signaling to suppress seed germination, whereas overexpressing these two VQ genes resulted in the germinated seeds being less ABA‐sensitive. Consistently, the expression levels of several ABI5 targets were modulated by VQ18 and VQ26. The increased ABA signaling of plants in which VQ18 and VQ26 were simultaneously suppressed required ABI5. Additionally, VQ18 and VQ26 acted as negative interactors of the ABI5 transcription factor. Our study reveals a previously unidentified regulatory role of VQ proteins, which act antagonistically with ABI5 to maintain the appropriate ABA signaling level to fine‐tune seed germination and early seedling establishment.
Trade and economic impacts of destination‐based business cash‐flow taxes
Authors: Martin Will 
Published: May 2018

AbstractProposals for destination‐based business cash‐flow taxes (DBCFT) that effectively combine a value‐added tax and a wage subsidy have received enormous attention in the United States and are being proposed as a major tax reform worldwide. Much controversy has focused on trade impacts, but this paper shows that a DBCFT would not create long‐term trade barriers or export subsidies if prices and wages are flexible. It would leave business profits and rents untaxed, providing an unambiguous benefit to foreign investors relative to an origin‐based corporate tax. Domestic wage earners would be compensated for higher prices by the wage deduction, while the position of domestic investors would depend on whether their gains from abolition of origin‐based taxes outweighed their losses from higher consumer prices. A key concern is small, volatile and vulnerable net revenues even with high‐tax rates. At current US consumption and labour shares, a 20% corporate cash‐flow tax with a wage subsidy would generate less than 2% of GDP in net revenues, which could be obtained with much less volatility from a 2.8% consumption tax alone. Under a DBCFT, revenues would become negative if consumption and labour shares returned to their historical norms or if difficult‐to‐tax sectors like owner‐occupied housing were excluded.
Use of antibiotic impregnated resorbable beads reduces pressure ulcer recurrence: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Khansa Ibrahim , Barker Jenny C. , Ghatak Piya Das , Sen Chandan K. , Gordillo Gayle M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRecurrence of pressure ulcers remains common. We have employed resorbable antibiotic beads as a therapeutic strategy to deliver high local antibiotic concentrations to the debridement site. Our objective was to determine whether the use of resorbable antibiotic‐ beads would reduce pressure ulcer recurrence. We reviewed all stage IV pressure ulcers treated with excision, partial ostectomy and flap coverage over 16 years. Baseline patient factors (location of ulcer, presence of osteomyelitis, preoperative prealbumin), surgical factors (type of flap, use of antibiotic beads, bone culture results) and postoperative outcomes (ulcer recurrence at 1 year, dehiscence, seroma, cellulitis) were collected. Outcomes of patients who received antibiotic‐impregnated beads were compared to those who did not. Eighty‐six patients with 120 stage IV pressure ulcers underwent excision and flap coverage. This included 16 ulcers where antibiotic beads were used and 104 where they were not. The overall ulcer recurrence rate at 12 months was 35.8%. The recurrence rate in the group treated with antibiotic beads was significantly lower than the group without beads (12.5% vs. 39.4%, p = 0.03). Overall, complication rates between the two groups were similar (43.8% vs. 51.9%, p = 0.54). No systemic or local toxicity from antibiotic beads occurred. Scanning electron microscopy images of sacral bone from one case showed bacterial biofilm even after debridement. Pressure ulcer recurrence at 1 year after excision and flap coverage decreased significantly with the use of resorbable antibiotic beads.
Effectiveness of extracellular matrix dressings and topical agents in the treatment of leg ulcers: a systematic review protocol
Authors: de Fátima Cordeiro Petz Francislene , Meier Marineli Joaquim , Roehrs Hellen , Pott Franciele Soares 
Published: May 2018

Review question/objective:
The objective of this review is to synthesize the best available evidence on the effectiveness of the application of extracellular matrix products as dressings or in topical form as treatment for venous, arterial and mixed leg ulcers, compared to compression therapy alone, any type of dressings and topical agents, or placebos in adults over 18 years in any care setting.
Subtle errors of bladder wall thickness measurement have a significant impact on the calculation of ultrasound-estimated bladder weight. A pilot study
Authors: Sakalis Vasileios I. , Sfiggas Vasileios , Vouros Ioannis , Salpiggidis Georgios , Papathanasiou Athanasios , Apostolidis Apostolos 
Published: May 2018

Aims: Ultrasound-estimated bladder weight (UEBW), is an emerging diagnostic tool, which has been used in both males and females with lower urinary tract dysfunction. The currently acknowledged UEBW calculation methods rely on the accurate measurement of bladder wall thickness (BWT). We aim to identify if subtle errors in BWT measurement have a significant impact on UEBW calculations.Materials and methods: Twenty patients were randomly selected from an overactive bladder patient cohort. The primary endpoint was to identify the range of false BWT measurements outside which significant changes in UEBW calculation occur. We used the Kojima method and a semi-automatic 3-D model that is based on Chalana’s principle. Measurements were performed using the correct BWT and a series of faulty calculations from +0.5 mm to -0.5 mm using steps of 0.05 mm from true BWT. The effect of a fixed 0.5 mm BWT error was checked in bladder volumes above and below 250 ml and in three UEBW groups (<35 gr; 36-50 gr; >51gr).Results: BWT measurement errors above 0.25 mm cause statistically significant changes in UEWB calculation when a 3-D model is used and errors above 0.15 mm when Kojima’s method is used. At a fixed BWT error of 0.5 mm and bladder volume <250 ml, there is a 23.76% deviation from true UEBW, while at volumes >250 ml the deviation is 32.72%. The deviation is inversely proportional to the UEBW result, and heavier bladders deviate less.Conclusions: UEBW is a promising diagnostic tool, but small errors in BWT measurement might cause significant deviation from the true values. A 3-D calculation model appears to minimize such risks.
Diagnostic value of acustic radiation force impulse imaging in the assessment of salivary gland involvement in primary Sjögren’s sydrome
Authors: Turnaoglu Hale , Kural Rahatli Feride , Pamukcu Melih , Haberal Kemal Murat , Uslu Nihal 
Published: May 2018

Aims: The aim of this study is to investigate the diagnostic value of Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) imaging in the assessment of salivary gland involvement in primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS).Material and methods: Twenty five patients with pSS and 25 healthy volunteers were included. First, echostructures and the thickness of the submandibular and parotid glands were evaluated by B-mode ultrasonography. Then, ARFI imaging with Virtual Touch Quantification® was performed. Ten independent shear wave velocity measurements were taken from each gland. Finally, the mean shear wavevelocity (SWV) values were calculated, and used for further analysis.Results: The mean SWV values of parotid and submandibular glands were significantly higher in the pSS patients than in the healthy control group (p<0.001). The cut-off of SWV values were calculated to be 1.98 m/s for submandibular glands, and 1.93 m/s for parotid glands. In pSS patients, the mean SWV values of parotid glands were higher than those of the submandibular glands (p<0.001) and no statistically significant relationships between symptom duration or the degree of xerostomia and mean SWV values of parotid and submandibularglands were found (all p>0.005).Conclusions: Our findings indicate that ARFI imaging may provide a non-invasive, simple and fast means of assessment of glandular impairment as an alternative test when other salivary gland tests are inconclusive or cannot be performed. ARFI may be a valuable adjunct for the clinical diagnosis of pSS.
Which anthropometric measures best indicate type 2 diabetes among Russian, Somali and Kurdish origin migrants in Finland? A cross-sectional study
Authors: Skogberg Natalia , Laatikainen Tiina , Lundqvist Annamari , Lilja Eero , Härkänen Tommi , Koponen Päivikki 
Published: May 2018

ObjectivesTo compare the performance of body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) in detecting type 2 diabetes among Russian, Somali and Kurdish (born in Iraq/Iran) origin migrants and Finns.Design and participantsCross-sectional study comparing health examination survey data of Russian, Somali and Kurdish origin migrants (n=917) aged 30–64 years who took part in the Migrant Health and Wellbeing Survey with the general Finnish population in the Health 2011 Survey (n=887). Participants were randomly selected from the National Population Register.SettingSix cities in Finland, where a substantial majority of migrants live.Outcome measuresAnthropometric measures included objectively measured BMI, WHtR, WC and WHR. Type 2 diabetes was defined based on self-report, laboratory measures of glycated haemoglobin and register data. Test performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristics curves, using area under the curve (AUC) as a measure of accuracy.ResultsAmong Finns, test performance was highest for WC (AUC=0.81, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.87) and WHtR (AUC=0.81, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.87). Test performance was similar for BMI (AUC=0.80, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.92), WC (AUC=0.79, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.91) and WHtR (AUC=0.70, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.93) among Russians. WC and WHtR had highest test performance also among Somali (AUC=0.74, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.84 for WC and AUC=0.75, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.85 for WHtR) and Kurds (AUC=0.71, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.81 for WC and AUC=0.70, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.80 for WHtR).Among migrants, WHR had the poorest test performance.ConclusionWC and WHtR performed overall the best across all study groups, however, accuracy of detection was lower particularly among Somali and Kurds. Currently used diabetes risk assessment tools assume a strong association between anthropometrics and diabetes. These tools need to be validated among non-Western populations.
Implications of involving pharmacy technicians in obtaining a best possible medication history from the perspectives of pharmaceutical, medical and nursing staff: a qualitative study
Authors: Niederhauser Andrea , Zimmermann Chantal , Fishman Liat , Schwappach David L B 
Published: May 2018

ObjectivesIn recent years, the involvement of pharmacy technicians in medication reconciliation has increasingly been investigated. The aim of this study was to assess the implications on professional roles and collaboration when a best possible medication history (BPMH) at admission is obtained by pharmacy technicians.DesignQualitative study with semistructured interviews. Data were analysed using a qualitative content analysis approach.SettingInternal medicine units in two mid-sized Swiss hospitals.Participants21 staff members working at the two sites (6 pharmacy technicians, 2 pharmacists, 6 nurses, 5 physician residents and 2 senior physicians).ResultsPharmacy technicians generally appreciated their new tasks in obtaining a BPMH. However, they also experienced challenges associated with their new role. Interviewees reported unease with direct patient interaction and challenges with integrating the new BPMH tasks into their regular daily duties. We found that pharmacists played a key role in the BPMH process, since they act as coaches for pharmacy technicians, transmit information to the physicians and reconcile preadmission medication lists with admission orders. Physicians stated that they benefitted from the delegation of administrative tasks to pharmacy technicians. Regarding the interprofessional collaboration, we found that pharmacy technicians in the study acted on a preliminary administrative level and did not become part of the larger treatment team. There was no direct interaction between pharmacy technicians and physicians, but rather, the supervising pharmacists acted as intermediaries.ConclusionThe tasks assumed by pharmacy technicians need to be clearly defined and fully integrated into existing processes. Engaging pharmacy technicians may generate new patient safety risks and inefficiencies due to process fragmentation. Communication and information flow at the interfaces between professional groups therefore need to be well organised. More research is needed to understand if and under which circumstances such a model can be efficient and contribute to improving medication safety.
Vapour, gas, dust and fume occupational exposures in male patients with rheumatoid arthritis resident in Cornwall (UK) and their association with rheumatoid factor and anti-cyclic protein antibodies: a retrospective clinical study
Authors: Murphy Dan , Bellis Katy , Hutchinson David 
Published: May 2018

ObjectivesTo quantify exposure to vapour, gas, dust and fumes (VGDF) and smoking in male rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and investigate impact on rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) levels.DesignA retrospective observational study.SettingThe Royal Cornwall Hospital Trust, UK. A single university hospital setting.Participants726 men followed up between February 2015 and August 2016, fulfilling RA diagnostic criteria.Main outcome measuresPrevalence of VGDF exposure and smoking prior to RA diagnosis. Determination of association between VGDF, smoking and autoantibody levels.Results546/726 (75%) had been exposed to VGDF for >1 year. 561/726 (77%) had been smokers. Only 58/726 (8%) had no exposure to VGDF and had never smoked. A significant difference in RF levels was observed between unexposed and VGDF exposed never smokers (median RF 24 vs 36, p=0.03), more marked when comparing unexposed with ≥2 VGDF exposures (median RF 24 vs 57, p=0.02). A significant difference in RF levels was also observed between unexposed and VGDF exposed smokers (median RF 71 vs RF 95, p=0.04), more marked when comparing unexposed with ≥2 VGDF exposures (median RF 71 vs RF 113, p=0.01). A significant difference in RF titre was observed between never smokers >2 VGDF exposures and smokers with >2 VGDF exposures (RF 57 vs RF 113, p=0.02). No association of ACPA seropositivity rates or titres with VGDF exposure was observed. Smokers with >2 VGDF exposures had a significantly lower age of RA diagnosis than smokers with no VGDF exposure (53 years vs 57 years, p=0.03). All results remained similar when corrected for social class.ConclusionsVGDF exposure increases RF levels. Combination exposure to smoking and VDGF results in higher RF levels, particularly with multiple exposures. These compelling findings demonstrate the importance of combined inhaled exposures in RF generation.
Survey of ketolactia, determining the main predisposing management factors and consequences in Hungarian dairy herds by using a cow‐side milk test
Authors: Hejel Péter , Zechner Gerhard , Csorba Csaba , Könyves László 
Published: May 2018

The aims of the survey were to determine the prevalence of ketosis in dairy herds by measuring the concentration of beta‐hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) in milk by Keto‐Test (Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho, Nagoya, Japan); risk factors and the relationship with postpartum diseases were investigated.1667 early lactating (days in milk 0–75) cows were tested in 52 dairy herds in 2013 and 2014 years. In total, 29.3 per cent of samples were positive (BHBAMILK ≥100 µmol/l), including 3.7 per cent high positives (BHBAMILK ≥500 µmol/l). The prevalence was similar in herds with less than or more than 9000 kg milk yield (0.34 and 0.38, respectively, P=0.4); however, it was higher in the herds with more than 1000 cows than in smaller herds (<500 and 500–1000 cows) (0.46, P=0.03).The BHBA level in milk was in a non‐linear positive relationship with parity (P=0.01), associated with retained placenta (P=0.0006), mastitis (P=0.02) and clinical ketosis (P<0.001).The results confirm the high prevalence of ketolactia in Hungarian dairy herds and its links to herd‐related and cow‐related risk factors and diseases occurring commonly in fresh cows.
Methane and carbon dioxide emissions from thermokarst lakes on mineral soils
Authors: Matveev Alex , Laurion Isabelle , Vincent Warwick F. 
Published: May 2018

Thermokarst lakes are known to emit methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), but little attention has been given to those formed from the thawing and collapse of lithalsas, ice-rich mineral soil mounds that occur in permafrost landscapes. The present study was undertaken to assess greenhouse gas stocks and fluxes in eight lithalsa lakes across a 200 km gradient of permafrost degradation in subarctic Québec. The northernmost lakes varied in their surface-water CO2 content from below to above saturation, but the southern lakes in this gradient had much higher surface concentrations that were well above air-equilibrium. Surface-water CH4 concentrations were at least an order of magnitude above air-equilibrium values at all sites, and the diffusive fluxes of both gases increased from north to south. Methane oxidation in the surface waters from a northern lake was only 10% of the emission rate, but at the southern end it was around 60% of the efflux to the atmosphere, indicating that methanotrophy can play a substantive role in reducing net emissions. Overall, our observations show that lithalsa lakes can begin emitting CH4 and CO2 soon after they form, with effluxes of both gases that persist and increase as the permafrost continues to warm and erode.
Paced breathing and phrenic nerve responses evoked by epidural stimulation following complete high cervical spinal cord injury in rats
Authors: Bezdudnaya Tatiana , Lane Michael A. , Marchenko Vitaliy 
Published: May 2018

Spinal cord injury (SCI) at the level of cervical segments often results in life-threatening respiratory complications and requires long-term mechanical ventilator assistance. Thus restoring diaphragm activity and regaining voluntary control of breathing are the primary clinical goals for patients with respiratory dysfunction following cervical SCI. Epidural stimulation (EDS) is a promising strategy that has been explored extensively for nonrespiratory functions and to a limited extent within the respiratory system. The goal of the present study is to assess the potential for EDS at the location of the phrenic nucleus (C3–C5) innervating the diaphragm: the main inspiratory muscle following complete C1cervical transection. To avoid the suppressive effect of anesthesia, all experiments were performed in decerebrate, C1cervical transection, unanesthetized, nonparalyzed ( n = 13) and paralyzed ( n = 7) animals. Our results show that C4segment was the most responsive to EDS and required the lowest threshold of current intensity, affecting tracheal pressure and phrenic nerve responses. High-frequency (200–300 Hz) EDS applied over C4segment (C4-EDS) was able to maintain breathing with normal end-tidal CO2level and raise blood pressure. In addition, 100–300 Hz of C4-EDS showed time- and frequency-dependent changes (short-term facilitation) of evoked phrenic nerve responses that may serve as a target mechanism for pacing of phrenic motor circuits. The present work provides the first report of successful EDS at the level of phrenic nucleus in a complete SCI animal model and offers insight into the potential therapeutic application in patients with high cervical SCI.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present work offers the first demonstration of successful life-supporting breathing paced by epidural stimulation (EDS) at the level of the phrenic nucleus, following a complete spinal cord injury in unanesthetized, decerebrate rats. Moreover, our experiments showed time- and frequency-dependent changes of evoked phrenic nerve activity during EDS that may serve as a target mechanism for pacing spinal phrenic motor networks.