bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Architectural tradition and modernity as crypto‐colonial ways of seeing: A comparison of Kathmandu's 1934 and 2015 post‐quake reconstructions
Authors: Nelson Andrew 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis essay compares the architectural responses to Kathmandu's 1934 and 2015 earthquakes through a postcolonial framework. While rulers and elites used post‐1934 reconstruction to impose their notion of modernity upon the city, in post‐2015 reconstruction, conservationists see an opportunity to remake the traditional city. Instead of framing modernity and tradition as opposing forces, however, this essay reconsiders references to both as markers of class distinction that obscure Nepal's enduring crypto‐colonial position.
Synchronized in vivo measurements of skin hydration and trans‐epidermal water loss. Exploring their mutual influences
Authors: Caberlotto E. , Cornillon C. , Njikeu S. , Monot M. , Vicic M. , Flament F. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the relationship between skin surface hydration and Trans‐Epidermal Water Loss (TEWL) when simultaneously measured.MethodsSix circular skin areas of the forearms (3 per forearm, 3 cm in diameter) of 12 Caucasian women were used as models. 4 prototypes of formulae of different compositions containing glycerol at different concentrations 7%, 10% and 40% were used as models of hydrating products. One formula (glycerol‐free) was used as control vehicle. Standardized applications of formulae (2 mg/cm2) were performed on 5 skin sites chosen at random, the other being left as bare/control. A recently marketed instrumental device that records the skin surface hydration and TEWL on a small skin area in a simultaneous manner was used. Measurements were carried out at T0 (pre‐application), at 1 h (T1) and 5 h (T5) post applications on two close sites within the 6 defined areas of both forearms.ResultsThe new instrumental device allowed to clearly differentiate the 5 formulae (i.e. 7% vs. 10%) with regard the dose effect brought by glycerol (7%, 10%, 40%) and to record their lingering effects at T1 and T5. Both parameters were found significantly and negatively correlated, i.e. the higher the skin hydration, the lower the TEWL. The 40% concentration of glycerol, that leads to the highest skin hydration, brings a drop in the TEWL by about a two‐fold factor. Skin hydration of bare skin and control/vehicle sites showed minor and non‐significant changes along 5 h. Instead, the control/ vehicle slowed down the TEWL to a slight extent.ConclusionThe use of this new instrumental device shed a new light on the mutual and inverse relationships between skin hydration and TEWL. Results suggest that, at high concentration, glycerol leads to largely increase the water content of both epidermal and dermal compartments, possibly leading to structural changes in the skin relief.
Clinical and in vitro evaluation of new anti‐redness cosmetic products in subjects with winter xerosis and sensitive skin
Authors: Nisbet S. J. , Targett D. , Rawlings A. V. , Qian K. , Wang X. , Lin C. B. , Thompson M. A. , Bulsara P. A. , Moore D. J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo demonstrate the in vitro activities of panthenol, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), and niacinamide (NAM) and determine the biophysical properties, clinical safety, tolerability together with efficacy of two developmental anti‐redness (AR) formulations containing these ingredients, in alleviating facial redness associated with winter xerosis in healthy volunteers with sensitive skin.MethodsThe anti‐inflammatory and skin protective properties of panthenol, PEA and NAM were evaluated in vitro. The physical properties of the AR formulations were analysed using measurement of water vapour transport rate (WVTR) and infrared spectroscopy. Clinical studies were performed between the months of December and April (2014–2015) with efficacy assessed during the winter. Facial redness, irritation, sensitization potential, photo‐irritation, and photo‐sensitization were evaluated. Self‐assessed adverse reactions were reported in diaries of use.ResultsPanthenol and PEA reduced prostaglandin E2, interleukin‐6, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin levels in vitro, while NAM induced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) levels and the keratinocyte differentiation markers: filaggrin (2‐fold increase, P < 0.001), loricrin (2‐fold increase, P < 0.05), involucrin (2 fold increase, P < 0.001) & peroxisomal proliferator activated receptor‐alpha (1.5 fold increase, P < 0.05). The two AR products exhibited low WVTR vs. no treatment (P < 0.001) and displayed an ordered lipid structure. The day cream formulation protected against ultraviolet B radiation in vitro. A total of 382 participants were included in clinical studies which showed the AR formulations significantly improved facial redness associated with winter xerosis (Day 29 mean change from baseline: AR day cream 0.77 (P < 0.001); AR serum 0.67 (P < 0.001)). No irritation, sensitization, photo‐irritation, photo‐sensitization or product‐related adverse reactions were observed or reported in the clinical studies.ConclusionThe new products significantly improved skin redness associated with winter xerosis in participants with self‐perceived sensitive skin. Both products were well tolerated with a suitable safety profile for topical use in subjects with sensitive skin.
Complementary medicine use and its cost in Australians with type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II
Authors: Yarash Tatsiana , Sharif Imrana , Masood Farhat , Clifford Rhonda M. , Davis Wendy A. , Davis Timothy M. E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have examined complementary medicine (CM) use in diabetes. Australian data are inconsistent, limited in scope and have not considered cost.AimsTo evaluate the prevalence, associates and costs of CM in a contemporary Australian urban, community‐based cohort of people with type 2 diabetes.MethodsBaseline CM use was determined as part of a detailed assessment in 1543 of 1551 Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II (FDS2) participants with type 2 diabetes (mean age 65.7 years, 51.8% males, median diabetes duration 9.0 years) recruited to the FDS2 between 2008 and 2011 who self‐reported medication use including CM defined as non‐prescription medicinal products.ResultsA total of 672 FDS2 type 2 participants (43.6%) used at least one type of CM, 92% of which were nutritional supplements (omega‐3 fatty acids/fish oil in 24% of CM users followed by calcium in 11%, glucosamine in 10% and others in <10%). Independent associates of CM use included older age, female sex, any mobility problem, and, inversely, Southern European or Indigenous Australian background, lack of English fluency, ex/current smoking status, taking oral glucose‐lowering medications and higher HbA1c. The total annual estimated cost of CM used by FDS2 participants with type 2 diabetes was A$121 640 or A$79 ± 208 per person (range A$0–2993). Extrapolating these data, the 1 million Australians with type 2 diabetes spend A$79 million/year on CM.ConclusionsCM use in type 2 diabetes is both common and costly. Healthcare professionals should consider discussing safe and cost‐effective use of CM with their patients with type 2 diabetes.
New sources of housing market risk: Asset pricing for the US state‐level housing markets
Authors: Huang MeiChi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study develops three novel housing risk factors to explore the sources of risk in US state‐level housing markets. The asset‐pricing models enrich our investigations into housing markets from three perspectives: housing boom–bust, volatile–calm, and factors’ time‐varying impact regimes. The findings indicate that state‐level housing returns all show significant exposure to systemic risk of housing markets, but the demographic and economic factors’ explanatory powers for housing returns differ across markets. Although the liquidity factor is significant under all three frameworks, the inventory and credit factors show significant impacts only in the impact‐switching specification. There are differences in the responses of housing returns to various risk factors and shifts in housing regimes across state housing markets, depending on whether the states exhibited housing bubbles. The results suggest that an effective housing stabilization mechanism must be capable of tracking shifts in the relations between housing markets and risk factors.
Experiences of implementing hand hygiene for Malawian schoolchildren: a qualitative study
Authors: Mbakaya B.C. , Lee R.L.T. 
Published: July 2019

AimTo explore the experiences of schoolchildren, school personnel and parents who participated in a school‐based hand hygiene programme implemented by nurses in Malawi.BackgroundThere is low uptake of hand hygiene practice in developing countries due to limited resources available and no standardized hand hygiene policy.IntroductionCurrent health policies acknowledge the advantage of investing in disease prevention and health promotion among young children in Malawi. School nurses should adopt good evidence‐based practice in promoting school‐based hand hygiene programmes which remain a challenge in Malawi.MethodsIn this descriptive qualitative study, 10 focus group discussions were conducted with 23 females and 14 males including schoolchildren, school personnel and parents participating in a school‐based hand hygiene programme. The programme was implemented by nurses in three primary schools between May and July 2017 in Malawi. Data from these discussions were coded and analysed using thematic analysis.FindingsThe school‐based hand hygiene programme was well received by participants. Four themes illustrated effective strategies in implementing the hand hygiene programme from the participants’ view, including ‘Being committed’, ‘Sharing responsibilities’, ‘Disseminating good practice’ and ‘Appreciating assets’. These are essential resources and strategies that school nurses need to mobilize and integrate when they advocate handwashing policy by delivering hygiene promotion activities.DiscussionSchool nurses play a significant role in helping to achieve United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goal 3 through promoting hand hygiene to minimize transmission of diseases and reduce mortality rate.Conclusion and implications for nursing and health policyAn evidence‐based protocol based on study findings is beneficial for school nurses in formulating handwashing policies. It is important for developing countries to formulate the much‐need policies for primary care practices.
Targeting the PI3K/STAT3 axis modulates age‐related differences in macrophage phenotype in rats with myocardial infarction
Authors: Lin Chih‐Chan , Chen Syue‐yi , Lien Hsiao‐Yin , Lin Shinn‐Zong , Lee Tsung‐Ming 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAgeing is associated with impaired repair mechanisms in cardiovascular diseases. Macrophages contribute to cardiac fibrosis after myocardial infarction (MI). The phosphatidyl‐inositol‐3‐kinase (PI3K) pathway has been shown to play a role in cardiac remodelling after MI. It remained unclear whether n‐butylidenephthalide, a major component of Angelica sinensis, can attenuate cardiac fibrosis by regulating the PI3K/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)‐mediated macrophage phenotypes in ageing rats after MI. Twenty‐four hours after ligation of the left anterior descending artery, young (2‐month‐old) and ageing (18‐month‐old) male Wistar rats were treated with either vehicle or n‐butylidenephthalide for 4 weeks. There were similar infarct sizes in both age groups. Compared with young rats, ageing rats exhibited significant increased cardiac fibrosis after MI, which can be attenuated after administering n‐butylidenephthalide. MI was associated with decreased activities of PI3K and STAT3 in ageing rats compared with young rats. In both age groups, n‐butylidenephthalide effectively provided a significant increase of STAT3 phosphorylation, STAT3 activity, STAT3 nuclear translocation, myocardial IL‐10 levels and the percentage of M2c macrophage and a decrease of myofibroblast infiltration. The effects of n‐butylidenephthalide on increased IL‐10 levels were reversed by LY294002 or S3I‐201. Furthermore, LY294002 abolished the STAT3 phosphorylation, whereas PI3K activity was not affected following the inhibition of STAT3. In conclusions, the host environment is responsible for ageing‐related myofibroblast dysregulation in response to MI which can be improved by administering n‐butylidenephthalide via macrophage differentiation towards M2 phenotype by targeting the PI3K/STAT3 axis.
Commentary: I thought I was going to die and the world is not safe—how to help children recover after trauma? Reflections on Meiser‐Stedman et al. (2019)
Authors: Jensen Tine K. 
Published: July 2019

Children all over the world experience exposure to trauma. Why do only some young people have significant traumatic stress symptoms in the days and weeks immediately post‐trauma while others do not, and why do some youth then recover without treatment while others go on to suffer from persistent PTSD? This important question is examined in a comprehensive study by Meiser‐Stedman et al., (2019). In a sample of single‐event trauma exposed youth, they investigate the role cognitive processes may have in shaping early reactions and in maintaining post‐traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) over time. For the onset of PTSS, perceived threat and feeling overwhelmed and confused during the traumatic event was associated with significant PTSS. For the maintenance of PTSS, poorly elaborated, sensory‐based memories, dissociation, rumination, and negative appraisals were associated with higher PTSS. The newly revised International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies’ guidelines for the prevention and treatment of PTSS found no strong evidence to recommend any of the evaluated preventive or early intervention programs. This commentary highlights how understanding different trajectories for the onset and maintenance of post‐traumatic stress may inform our development of prevention and early intervention strategies. Cognitive processes seem to play an important role in the development of PTSS but these may play out differently in youth exposed to single events and youth with interpersonal trauma experiences. Knowledge on memory processing, meaning making, the role of social support and maladaptive cognitions need to be implemented in systems of trauma‐informed care.
Different Nutritional Histories Affect the Susceptibility of Algae to Grazing
Authors: Venuleo Marianna , Giordano Mario 
Published: July 2019

We hypothesize that algae with different cell compositions are differently perceived by their predators and consequently subjected to selective grazing. Five populations of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum that differed in organic and elemental composition, but were otherwise identical, were generated by acclimation to distinct growth regimes. The different populations were then mixed in pairs and subjected to predation by either the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis or the copepod Acartia tonsa. The presence of rotifers had no impact on the ratio between any two algal populations. The presence of copepods, however, affected the ratio between algae previously acclimated to a medium containing 1 mM NH4+ and algae acclimated to 0.5 mM NO3−, and to either a lower irradiance or a higher CO2 concentration. We discuss the possible reason for the influence of different nutritional histories on the vulnerability of algae to predators. The differential impact of grazers on the growth of algae with different nutritional histories may result from direct selective grazing (i.e., grazers can detect algae with the most palatable cell composition), alone or combined to an asymmetric utilization of the nutrients regenerated after predation by co‐existing algal populations. Our results strongly suggest that the nutritional history of algae can influence the relationships between phytoplankton and grazers and hint at the possibility that algal cell composition is potentially subject to natural selection, because it influences the probability that algae survive predation.
Land use is a determinant of plant pathogen alpha‐ but not beta‐diversity
Authors: Makiola Andreas , Dickie Ian A. , Holdaway Robert J. , Wood Jamie R. , Orwin Kate H. , Glare Travis R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLittle is known about the diversity patterns of plant pathogens and how they change with land use at a broad scale. We employed DNA metabarcoding to describe the diversity and composition of putative plant pathogen communities in three substrates (soil, roots, and leaves) across five major land uses at a national scale. Almost all plant pathogen communities (fungi, oomycetes, and bacteria) showed strong responses to land use and substrate type. Land use category could explain up to 24% of the variance in composition between communities. Alpha‐diversity (richness) of plant pathogens was consistently lower in natural forests than in agricultural systems. In planted forests, there was also generally low pathogen alpha‐diversity in soil and roots, but alpha‐diversity in leaves was high compared with most other land uses. In contrast to alpha‐diversity, differences in within‐land use beta‐diversity of plant pathogens (the predictability of plant pathogen communities within land use) were subtle. Our results show that large‐scale patterns and distributions of putative plant pathogens can be determined using metabarcoding, allowing some of the first landscape level insights into these critically important communities.
Trichoderma reesei XYR1 recruits SWI/SNF to facilitate cellulase gene expression
Authors: Cao Yanli , Zheng Fanglin , Zhang Weixin , Meng Xiangfeng , Liu Weifeng 
Published: July 2019

SummaryCellulase gene expression in Trichoderma reesei is highly responsive to environmental cues and is under stringent regulation by multiple transcription factors. XYR1 (Xylanase regulator 1) has been identified as the most important transcriptional activator of cellulase/hemicellulase gene expression although the precise transactivating mechanism remains largely elusive. Here we show that the activation domain of XYR1 interacts with the T. reesei homolog of the TrSNF12 subunit of SWI/SNF complex. Deletion of Trsnf12 markedly impaired the induced cellulase gene expression. Individual loss of other SWI/SNF subunits including the catalytic subunit also severely compromised cellulase gene expression and interfered with loss of histone H4 in the cbh1 and eg1 promoters upon cellulose induction. In addition, we find that the SWI/SNF occupancy on cellulase gene promoters strictly required XYR1 and TrSNF12 but TrSNF12 was dispensable for the XYR1 binding to these promoters. These data suggest a model in which XYR1 recruits SWI/SNF through direct interactions with TrSNF12 to remodel chromatin at cellulase gene promoters, thereby activating cellulase gene expression to initiate the cellulolytic response in T. reesei.
Cryosurgery for oral soft tissue lesions: a literature review and clinical applications
Authors: King S. , Ariyaratnam S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCryosurgery is simply therapeutic tissue destruction, using the application of extreme cold. This article provides an update of the use of cryosurgery in soft tissue oral lesions; we outline the general principles, process of tissue injury, variables affecting the extent of freezing, advantages and side effects. Furthermore, we describe the application protocol of cryosurgery in a clinical environment, and introduce the terminology of cryodose for the literature.
Disseminated Bacille Calmette‐Guérin infection in a patient with severe combined immunodeficiency caused by JAK3 gene mutation
Authors: Li Meiyun , Chen Zhuo , Zhu Yunlu , Chen Ji 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBacille Calmette‐Guérin (BCG), a live attenuated vaccine prepared using Mycobacterium bovis, can prevent tuberculosis in children and is routinely administered to infants in China and many other countries. A serious complication following vaccination is disseminated BCG infection. The risk is greatly increased in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), a syndrome characterized by deficiency of both humoral and cellular immunity. We report a case of disseminated BCG infection in an infant with SCID caused by two novel janus kinase 3 (JAK3) gene mutations.
A case of congenital rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Wang Senfen , Li Ping , Li Jianhong , Liu Jianzhong , Jiang Xianping , Zeng Weibin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA 6‐month‐old girl presented with a congenital orbital tumor diagnosed as congenital embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. Given the location, complete surgical resection was impossible. Management with chemotherapy and proton therapy resulted in complete clearance. This case highlights the clinical and histologic features of cutaneous congenital embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma.
Sensing Plant Physiology and Environmental Stress by Automatically Tracking Fj and Fi Features in PSII Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction
Authors: Xia Qian , Tan Jinglu , Cheng Shengyang , Jiang Yongnian , Guo Ya 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFollowing a step excitation, chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) from photosystem II (PSII) of a dark‐adapted photosynthetic organism exhibits the well‐known OJIP pattern. The OJIP induction has been widely used in plant science and agriculture engineering. While the J and I phases are related to transitions of photochemical reaction redox states, characteristic fluorescence intensities at the two phases (Fj and Fi) are often treated at fixed time points in routine measurement and thus do not account for variations in plant and experimental conditions, this (1) neglects the differences in the time of appearance of these phases, which is potentially useful information for characterizing plant status and environmental factors, and (2) leads to errors in measured Fj and Fi values in the many publications. In this work, an alternative method for consistent measurement of Fj and Fi was presented. The proposed method measures the curvatures in the OJIP curve and automatically tracks the characteristic transition points under variable sample and experimental conditions. Experiments were carried out to demonstrate the concept and classification capabilities of the method. This research has established a new framework to analyze ChlF and has enhanced the application capability of ChlF. It is expect useful in analysis ChlF from PSII.