bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CALLING FOR A PRACTICE TURN IN GLOBAL HISTORY: PRACTICES AS DRIVERS OF GLOBALIZATION/S
Authors: EPPLE ANGELIKA 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTEver since the spatial turn, historians have faced major challenges regarding how to write and research global history in general and the history of globalization in particular. The four major challenges analyzed in this article are (1) the challenge of polyphony, (2) how to determine the subject of global history beyond geographical definitions, (3) the dynamic of homo‐ and heterogenization accompanying the term “globalization/s,” and (4) how to grasp the relation between the micro level of individual actions and the macro level of global structures.The challenge of polyphony stems from the growing awareness of how Eurocentric perspectives have far too long obscured academic history‐writing with inappropriate presuppositions. The same goes for other (unreflected) area‐centrisms. A biased narrative for only one voice has to make way for a polyphonic narrative that meets the requirements of an up‐to‐date global history. Accordingly, this article suggests that neither geographically defined units nor the relation between given entities should be at the center of global history. Indeed, global history should deal with the “relationing” and the “making of” entities—one of which turns out to be “the global.” This article then proposes using the term “globalization” in the plural, but also reflects on its dependence on the singular. Closely connected to the pluralization of globalizing processes is the challenge of bridging convincingly between the micro level of individual actions and the macro level of global structures without disavowing the contingency and the heterogeneity of the individual. Several theories, such as practice theory and actor–network theory, can be used and modified to address these challenges, especially in determining the relation between macro‐ and microdynamics. I argue that practice theory offers one possible solution to these four challenges by combining both the heterogeneity of the micro level and the comprehensive narrative of global changes.
Recurrence after hospitalization for acute coronary syndrome among HIV‐infected and HIV‐uninfected individuals
Authors: Marcus JL , Hurley LB , Prasad A , Zaroff J , Klein DB , Horberg MA , Go AS , DeLorenze GN , Quesenberry CP , Sidney S , Lo JC , Silverberg MJ 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesWe evaluated the association of HIV infection and immunodeficiency with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) recurrence, and with all‐cause mortality as a secondary outcome, after hospitalization for ACS among HIV‐infected and HIV‐uninfected individuals.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study within Kaiser Permanente Northern California of HIV‐infected and HIV‐uninfected adults discharged after ACS hospitalization [types: ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non‐STEMI, or unstable angina] during 1996–2010. We compared the outcomes of ACS recurrence and all‐cause mortality within 3 years, both overall by HIV status and stratified by recent CD4 count, with HIV‐uninfected individuals as the reference group. Hazard ratios (HRs) were obtained from Cox regression models with adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, year, ACS type, smoking, and cardiovascular risk factors.ResultsAmong 226 HIV‐infected and 86 321 HIV‐uninfected individuals with ACS, HIV‐infected individuals had a similar risk of ACS recurrence compared with HIV‐uninfected individuals [HR 1.08; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.76‐1.54]. HIV infection was independently associated with all‐cause mortality after ACS hospitalization overall (HR 2.52; 95% CI 1.81–3.52). In CD4‐stratified models, post‐ACS mortality was higher for HIV‐infected individuals with CD4 counts of 201–499 cells/μL (HR 2.64; 95% CI 1.66–4.20) and < 200 cells/μL (HR 5.41; 95% CI 3.14–9.34), but not those with CD4 counts ≥ 500 cells/μL (HR 0.67; 95% CI 0.22–2.08), compared with HIV‐uninfected individuals (P trend < 0.001).ConclusionsHIV infection and immunodeficiency were not associated with recurrence of ACS after hospitalization. All‐cause mortality was higher among HIV‐infected compared with HIV‐uninfected individuals, but there was no excess mortality risk among HIV‐infected individuals with high CD4 counts.
The essential role of complement in antibody‐mediated resistance to Salmonella
Authors: Rossi Omar , Coward Chris , Goh Yun Shan , Claassens Jill W. C. , MacLennan Calman A. , Verbeek Sjef J. , Mastroeni Pietro 
Published: September 2018

SummaryVaccines can serve as essential tools to prevent bacterial diseases via the induction of long‐lasting IgG responses. The efficacy of such vaccines depends on the effector mechanisms triggered by IgG. The complement system and Fc‐gamma receptors (FcγRs) can potentially play a crucial role in IgG‐mediated immunity against bacterial diseases. However, their relative importance in vivo is unclear, and has been the object of controversy and debate. In this brief study, we have used gene‐targeted mice lacking either FcγRI, II, II and IV or the C3 complement component as well as a novel mouse strain lacking both C3 and FcγRs to conclusively show the essential role of complement in antibody‐mediated host resistance to Salmonella enterica systemic infection. By comparing the effect of IgG2a antibodies against Salmonella O‐antigen in gene‐targeted mice, we demonstrate that the complement system is essential for the IgG‐mediated reduction of bacterial numbers in the tissues.
How soon do allied health professionals lose confidence to perform EBP activities? A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Klaic Marlena , McDermott Fiona , Haines Terry 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo explore if there is a relationship between allied health professionals' confidence to perform a range of evidence‐based practice (EBP) activities and the time since they graduated from their entry‐level degree and the presence of postgraduate qualifications.DesignCross‐sectional survey.SettingAllied health professionals from two Australian public metropolitan health services, including acute, subacute, and community settings.ParticipantsSample of 288 (n = 288) allied health professionals from the disciplines of physiotherapy, occupational therapy, speech pathology, social work, dietetics/nutrition, and other.Main outcome measureCross‐sectional survey including 12 questions measuring respondents' confidence to conduct a range of EBP activities.ResultsAllied health professionals begin to lose confidence related to EBP activities within the first 5 years of clinical practice, particularly for those activities involving critical analysis of published studies. Respondents with postgraduate qualifications were more likely to report greater confidence with EBP activities, suggesting that higher level qualifications protect against the effect of degradation of EBP skills and confidence over time.ConclusionsAllied health professionals' confidence to perform EBP activities degrades over time, particularly for those individuals with no postgraduate qualifications. Registration and accreditation bodies along with allied health professional employers should explore potential strategies to preserve and enhance EBP skills, confidence, and behaviours.
Lymphoma survivors’ experiences at the end of treatment
Authors: Hackett Fidelma , Dowling Maura 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo explore lymphoma survivors’ experiences on their end of treatment and follow‐up care at a large urban haematology centre in Ireland.MethodsThis was a qualitative study using semistructured interviews with lymphoma patients post‐treatment (n = 14). Thematic analysis guided the analysis of interview data. The study adhered to the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) guidelines.FindingsFive main themes were identified following analysis of the interview data: dealing with uncertainty, changed relationships, returning to work, extended recovery time and concerns for the future. Findings of note were that some participants were unaware that their treatment had ended, many experienced recurrent infections which prolonged recovery time, and many had no recall of discussions on healthy lifestyle behaviours or recommended screening programmes at their follow‐up visits.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that the period of transition from active treatment to survivorship can be challenging for lymphoma survivors, and they experience ongoing needs. While the challenges of survivorship in lymphoma mirror those of other cancers, this cohort of patients require focused preparation for the end of active treatment and the transition to follow‐up care. Moreover, this patient group requires repeated specific education on late effects and second cancers, education with regards to identifying the signs of cancer recurrence and promotion of healthy lifestyle practices.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study highlights the importance of a dedicated end of treatment visit with the clinical nurse specialist to confirm the completion of active treatment with lymphoma patients and focus on health promotion.
Evidence of shock‐induced vaporization of matrix to form porosity in Baszkówka, a porous L5 chondrite
Authors: Krzesińska Agata M. , Almeida Natasha V. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBaszkówka is an equilibrated, apparently low‐shock, unusually porous chondrite. Some earlier studies were undertaken to understand whether the porosity in Baszkówka, and similar porous chondrites, is a relic of a primordial feature or rather the effect of atypical reprocessing on the parent body. Neither of the studies reconstructed the accurate thermal and deformational evolution of chondrites, however, while it is known that shock‐induced compaction is the main means to affect chondritic porosity. Here we use a combination of 3‐D and 2‐D petrographic examination to understand how the evolution of pores correlates with thermal and shock history recorded in the Baszkówka chondrite. The grain framework silicates in Baszkówka contain healed shock fractures—a clear recorder of significant shock process and postshock annealing. Simultaneously, metal grains do not exhibit any preferred orientation or fabric, which would be expected to develop in response to the deformation as recorded by silicates. We interpret this as evidence for re‐agglomeration and annealing of shocked material. Pore spaces in Baszkówka are connected and decorated by fine‐grained plagioclase‐dominated mass and bulky euhedral olivine crystals, which exhibit growth steps on crystal surfaces. The euhedral olivine must have formed owing to the condensation of a vapor, while plagioclase most likely crystallized from melted chondritic matrix. During the shock event, fine‐grained matrix in Baszkówka was melted and vaporized. Vapor expansion added to ballistic velocity led to ejection and opening of the pore spaces. After re‐agglomeration in a hot ejecta blanket the rock was annealed, melted material circulated in created pore spaces and vapor condensed.
The protective effect of betulinic acid on microvascular responsivity and protein expression in alzheimer disease induced by cerebral micro‐injection of beta‐amyloid and streptozotocin
Authors: Sarkaki Alireza , Farbood Yaghoob , Badavi Mohammad , Ghadiri Ata , Ghasemi dehcheshmeh Mohammad , Mansouri Esrafil , Navabi Seyedeh Parisa 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveAlzheimer's disease (AD) is mainly caused by accumulation of β‐amyloid (Aβ) in vessels or parenchyma of the brain. Accordingly, natural compounds such as betulinic acid (BA) might improve the AD signs by increase in blood flow and through reduction in amyloid plaques.MethodsIntra‐hippocampal injection of BA (0.2 and 0.4 μmol/L /10 μL DMSO /rat) was done at intervals of 180 and 10 min before co‐microinjection of 0.1 μmol/L Aβ dissolved in PBS (5 μL/rat, hippocampi) and 1.5 mg/kg Streptozotocin dissolved in aCSF (10 μL/rat, lateral ventricles). Cerebro‐vascular responsivity tested by Laser Doppler, BBB leakage, Elisa assays of cytokines (TNF‐α and IL‐10), and Western blot analysis of proteins (BDNF and AchE) in the hippocampus were assessed 1 month after the injections.ResultsMicrovascular reaction and BBB function were significantly impaired in AD rats, which were improved via BA pretreatment. BA could increase BDNF expression and decrease cytokine levels in the hippocampus of AD rats (especially 0.1 μmol/L Aβ: 0.4 μmol/L BA); however, no significant changes were detected in the blotting of AchE among the groups.ConclusionsBetulinic acid could have a role in AD through protecting microcirculation, alleviating inflammation, and up‐regulating BDNF expression which is clearer toward 1:4 molar ratios of Aβ to BA.
Imbalances in protein homeostasis caused by mutant desmin
Authors: Winter L. , Unger A. , Berwanger C. , Spörrer M. , Türk M. , Chevessier F. , Strucksberg K.‐H. , Schlötzer‐Schrehardt U. , Wittig I. , Goldmann W. H. , Marcus K. , Linke W. A. , Clemen C. S. , Schröder R. 
Published: September 2018

AimsWe investigated newly generated immortalized heterozygous and homozygous R349P desmin knock‐in myoblasts in conjunction with the corresponding desminopathy mice as models for desminopathies to analyse major protein quality control processes in response to the presence of R349P mutant desmin.MethodsWe used hetero‐ and homozygous R349P desmin knock‐in mice for analyses and for crossbreeding with p53 knock‐out mice to generate immortalized R349P desmin knock‐in skeletal muscle myoblasts and myotubes. Skeletal muscle sections and cultured muscle cells were investigated by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy, proteasomal activity measurements and immunoblotting addressing autophagy rate, chaperone‐assisted selective autophagy and heat shock protein levels. Muscle sections were further analysed by transmission and immunogold electron microscopy.ResultsWe demonstrate that mutant desmin (i) increases proteasomal activity, (ii) stimulates macroautophagy, (iii) dysregulates the chaperone assisted selective autophagy and (iv) elevates the protein levels of αB‐crystallin and Hsp27. Both αB‐crystallin and Hsp27 as well as Hsp90 displayed translocation patterns from Z‐discs as well as Z‐I junctions, respectively, to the level of sarcomeric I‐bands in dominant and recessive desminopathies.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that the presence of R349P mutant desmin causes a general imbalance in skeletal muscle protein homeostasis via aberrant activity of all major protein quality control systems. The augmented activity of these systems and the subcellular shift of essential heat shock proteins may deleteriously contribute to the previously observed increased turnover of desmin itself and desmin‐binding partners, which triggers progressive dysfunction of the extrasarcomeric cytoskeleton and the myofibrillar apparatus in the course of the development of desminopathies.
Effect of acupuncture and intervention types on weight loss: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kim S.‐Y. , Shin I.‐S. , Park Y.‐J. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of acupuncture and intervention types on weight loss. We searched electronic databases, including Embase, PubMed, CENTRAL, RISS, KISS and CNKI, for randomized controlled trials that used acupuncture to treat obesity before June 2017. We found 27 trials involving 32 intervention arms and 2,219 patients. Acupuncture plus lifestyle modification (LM) was more effective than LM alone (Hedges' g = 1.104, 95% CI = 0.531–1.678) and sham acupuncture plus LM (Hedges' g = 0.324, 95% CI = 0.177–0.471), whereas acupuncture alone was not more effective than sham acupuncture alone and no treatment. Auricular acupuncture (Hedges' g = 0.522, 95% CI = 0.152–0.893), manual acupuncture (Hedges' g = 0445, 95% CI = 0.044–0.846) and pharmacopuncture (Hedges' g = 0.411, 95% CI = 0.026–0.796) favoured weight loss. Finally, acupuncture treatment was effective only in subjects with overweight (25 ≤ body mass index < 30, Hedges' g = 0.528, 95% CI = 0.279–0.776), not in subjects with obesity (body mass index ≥30). Our study suggests that the effect of acupuncture on weight loss may be maximized when auricular and manual acupuncture or pharmacopuncture treatment is combined with LM in patients with overweight.
A study of viral coat protein accumulation in lily chloroplasts from mixed virus infections of Lily mottle virus and Cucumber mosaic virus
Authors: Zhang Y. B. , Wang Y. J. , Xie Z. K. , Wang R. Y. , Yang G. , Guo Z. H. , Qiu Y. 
Published: September 2018

Two viruses that frequently occur in many Lilium species are Lily mottle virus (LMoV) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), which usually co‐infect lilies causing severe disease symptoms. Recent reports have revealed that the viral coat protein (CP) affects chloroplast ultrastructure and symptom development. This study used western blot analysis to confirm that in leaves infected by mixed virus infections of LMoV and CMV, CPs of both viruses were accumulated in lily chloroplasts. Immunogold labelling further demonstrated that both the LMoV CP and CMV CP were localized in the stroma and the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts. In addition, it was found that CPs of both viruses were rapidly transported into isolated, intact chloroplasts (in vitro), and their transport efficiencies were positively related to CP concentrations. The lowest transmembrane concentration of CMV CP decreased from 38 μg mL−1 recorded in the single CMV CP import system to 10 μg mL−1 in the mixed import system of LMoV CP and CMV CP. CPs of both viruses exhibited species selection in their transmembrane transport into chloroplasts. This is the first report that the CPs from two viruses (LMoV and CMV) are simultaneously present in lily chloroplasts. Accumulation of high levels of LMoV CP and CMV CP inside the chloroplast appears to contribute to a synergistic interaction inducing the development of mosaic symptoms.
Amino acids profile within peripheral blood and follicular fluid based on high‐performance liquid chromatography methods may explain differences in folliculogenesis between short‐term under/over‐fed treatments during luteal phase of Hu sheep
Authors: Nie Haitao T. , Wang Zi‐yu , Zhang Guomin M. , Wang Feng 
Published: September 2018

ContentsThe nutritional alteration of amino acids (AAs) profile in physiological fluid was poorly characterized in livestock. After oestrus synchronization, 24 ewes were randomly assigned to two groups based on the nutrient requirement recommended for maintenance (M): the feed‐supplemented group (S, 1.5 × M, N = 12) and feed‐restricted group (R, 0.5 × M, N = 12) on days 6–12 of their oestrous cycle, which occurred shortly before ovulation. The concentration of 30 AAs in peripheral blood (PB) and follicular fluid (FF) was quantified to calculate the PB‐to‐FF concentration gap for each AA and determine its correlation with metabolites and hormones in PB and FF. Results showed that the feed restriction enlarged the oestrous cycle length, decreased the number of follicles 2.5–3.5 mm, increased the number of follicles >3.5 mm and augmented the volume of follicles >2.5 mm. Nineteen AAs from PB were significantly different between the groups. The phosphoethanolamine (PEtN) and ration of essential AAs to nonessential AAs (EAA/NEAA) in FF significantly (p < 0.05) increased and decreased in the R group, respectively. Most AAs, except aspartate (Asp) and carnosine (Car) in the R group and alanine (aAla) in both groups, were significantly lower within FF than those within PB. The correlation of AAs with FSH and progesterone (P4) was more significant than that of AAs with other endocrine milieu characteristics. In conclusion, our results revealed that the influence of short‐term nutritional manipulation during luteal phase on folliculogenesis might not be due to the variation of intrafollicular AAs profile but rather attribute to the peripheral blood AAs profile alteration.
Acute stroke patients’ knowledge of stroke at discharge in China: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Wang Meng‐Die , Wang Yong , Mao Ling , Xia Yuan‐Peng , He Quan‐Wei , Lu Zu‐Xun , Yin Xiao‐Xv , Hu Bo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectivesA good mastery of stroke‐related knowledge can be of great benefit in developing healthy behaviours. This study surveyed the knowledge about stroke and influencing factors among patients with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) at discharge in a Chinese province.MethodsA cross‐section study was conducted from November 1, 2014 to January 31, 2015. A total of 1531 AIS patients in Hubei Province completed a questionnaire at discharge. Multivariate linear regression was used to identify the influencing factors of their knowledge of stroke.ResultsAbout 31.2% of the respondents did not know that stroke is caused by blockage or rupture of cerebral blood vessels and 20.3% did not realise they need immediate medical attention after onset. Approximately 50% did not know that sudden blurred vision, dizziness, headache and unconsciousness are the warning signs of stroke. Over 40% were not aware of the risk factors of the condition, such as hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking and obesity. Over 20% had no idea that they need long‐term medication and strict control of blood pressure, blood lipids and blood sugar. Their knowledge levels were correlated with regions of residence (P < 0.0001), socioeconomic status (P < 0.05), physical condition (P < 0.01), previous stroke (P < 0.0001) and family members and friends having had a stroke (P < 0.01).ConclusionsMost AIS patients in Hubei Province, China, had little knowledge of stroke at discharge. Further efforts should be devoted to strengthening the in‐hospital education of stroke patients, especially those with a low income and those from rural areas.
Production and characterization of Zika virus RNA reference reagents as a response to a public health emergency
Authors: Fares‐Gusmao Rafaelle , Chancey Caren , Volkova Evgeniya , Grinev Andriyan , Sippert Emilia , Jiang Zhen , Rios Maria 
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUNDThe emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in 2015 to 2016 created a global public health crisis and an urgent need for accurate detection assays. Nucleic acid testing (NAT) is the most specific and sensitive technology for early detection of ZIKV. Various NAT protocols have been created, but until recently, assessment of assay performance and comparative studies were hampered by the lack of available standards and reference reagents.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThe Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research/Food and Drug Administration responded to this crisis with the generation of two ZIKV‐RNA reference reagents (ZIKV‐RRs) for use in the development, validation, and assessment of performance of ZIKV‐NAT assays. These reagents were produced from heat‐inactivated (HI) ZIKV culture supernatant stock from two strains (PRVABC59 and FSS13025) diluted in dialyzed, defibrinated human plasma and lyophilized for evaluation in collaborative studies. The liquid, HI stock had been shared with the Paul‐Ehrlich‐Institute (Germany) and were included in the collaborative validation studies for the World Health Organization International Standard for ZIKV (WHO ZIKV IS).RESULTSNAT‐detectable units (NDUs)/mL were determined in a collaborative study that led to the assignment of 5.77 log NDUs/mL for PRVABC59 and 5.54 log NDUs/mL for FSS13025 as the final concentrations of the FDA ZIKV‐RRs.CONCLUSIONWe have established well‐characterized reference reagents for ZIKV to facilitate evaluation of existing NAT assays and development of novel ZIKV assays which are correlated to that of the First WHO ZIKV IS. Vials of the ZIKV‐RRs are available to qualified organizations upon request.