bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comment peut-on être Français en Perse au xvii e  siècle ? Échanges interculturels, regards et contre-regards
Authors: Parlea Vanezia 
Published: March 2018

Les relations des voyageurs français qui se rendent au xvii	e  siècle dans la Perse safavide foisonnent de représentations de l’Autre plus ou moins hautes en couleur. Un aspect peu étudié, que cet article se propose d’aborder, est la manière dont ces récits construisent l’image des voyageurs eux-mêmes, à la croisée des regards français et des contre-regards persans. En prenant comme point de départ les expériences viatiques de Jean-Baptiste Tavernier et de Jean Chardin, l’analyse met en lumière les multiples facettes de la dynamique interculturelle mouvante et ambiguë qui se met en place entre Français et Persans au sein d’un univers profondément ambivalent.
La théologie publique : une proposition pour donner voix à l’Église dans les sociétés pluralistes
Authors: Villagrán Gonzalo 
Published: March 2018

Le courant nord-américain de la « théologie publique » part de la reconnaissance du fait croissant du pluralisme religieux des sociétés actuelles et de la situation de post-sécularité à laquelle ce pluralisme nous amène. Développant une intuition première de l’historien Martin Marty, plusieurs auteurs ont proposé des systématisations de l’idée d’une théologie qui parle à la vie publique. La méthodologie la plus solide est probablement celle de David Tracy et sa corrélation critique mutuelle, spécialement telle qu’elle a été développée en théologie morale par David Hollenbach. Cette position peut se penser dans le cadre philosophique de l’herméneutique gadamérienne et la philosophie social-critique de Habermas. Les exemples d’application de cette théologie nous montrent sa valeur.
Les effets perturbateurs du désamour sur l’organisation de la séparation
Authors: Hippert Denis 
Published: March 2018

Banalisation des séparations et du divorce, d’une part, dédramatisation des procédures, d’autre part, pourraient laisser penser que les désunions se déroulent désormais sans heurts et sans souffrance. Et pourtant, il est possible que l’organisation de la séparation se passe mal pour les conjoints et qu’ils divorcent par consentement mutuel. C’est ce décalage que nous proposons d’étudier en explorant les effets perturbateurs du désamour au cours d’une séquence particulière de la « carrière » relationnelle de certains couples : de la rupture conjugale jusqu’à la cessation de cohabitation. À partir d’une analyse d’une dizaine de cas issue d’une enquête par entretiens approfondis, menée auprès d’hommes et de femmes de milieux sociaux différents, séparés ou divorcés et en cours de séparation et de divorce, l’article montrera comment les états que provoque le désamour chez le conjoint aimant et chez le conjoint aimé sont susceptibles d’affecter la distribution des rôles parentaux, des avantages pratiques et matériels, des sentiments de sympathie et de loyauté générateurs de disponibilités et de solidarités.
Les effets de genre de la séparation sur l’endettement des hommes et des femmes en Suisse : une analyse longitudinale
Authors: Wernli Boris , Henchoz Caroline 
Published: March 2018

Alors qu’en France comme en Suisse plus de 40 mariages sur 100 s’achèvent par un divorce, on en sait encore peu sur les conséquences d’une séparation sur l’endettement individuel. Cette étude longitudinale fondée sur les données du panel suisse de ménages rend compte des risques accrus d’endettement global pour les parents ainsi que pour les personnes qui conservent un lien de codépendance économique après la séparation. Elle relève les effets négatifs cumulés de la séparation pour les pères séparés qui obéissent au modèle familial et de rupture dominant. Elle souligne également les conséquences plus contrastées de la séparation sur l’endettement des femmes, certaines parvenant à entrer dans une logique d’émancipation financière en se libérant de leurs arriérés de paiement alors que d’autres gèrent leurs dettes au prix d’importantes difficultés économiques mais sans que cela n’affecte forcément leur niveau de satisfaction.
Vertu et vice de la combinaison du contrôle et du désir. Le body-building et le capitalisme post-industriel
Authors: Kinnunen Taina , Vallet Guillaume 
Published: March 2018

Cet article se focalise sur le bodybuilding considéré comme un sport extrême, au sens où il repose sur la logique de toujours repousser les résultats corporels acquis, donc les frontières du corps. En conséquence, en combinant les approches des organization studies , de l’anthropologie culturelle et des études féministes relatives à l’étude du corps dans un contexte socio-économique, nous effectuons un lien entre le bodybuilding et le capitalisme post-industriel, dans la mesure où ce dernier repose notamment sur une économie du contrôle et du désir. Dans le cadre de la pratique du bodybuilding, nous mettons en évidence que la relation au corps oscille en permanence entre ces deux pôles, mettant en jeu le rapport individuel à la santé (physique, mentale et sociale). Cette relation implique plus largement un entrepreneuriat de soi et la mise en œuvre d’un nouveau corps du travail, qui induit un management personnel des risques. Le bodybuilding est alors loin de correspondre à sa réputation de sous-culture curieuse ; il est au contraire fortement attractif pour quelqu’un souhaitant maximiser sa compétitivité corporelle dans les sociétés capitalistes post-industrielles.
La catastrophe écologique de Tchernobyl : les régimes de fausseté de l’information
Authors: Ambroise-Rendu Anne-Claude 
Published: March 2018

Le traitement médiatique de la catastrophe survenue le 28 avril 1986 dans la centrale nucléaire de Tchernobyl en Ukraine a conjugué toutes les modalités de la fausse information. Soumis à un impératif de factualité qui laisse peu d’espace à l’indécision et à l’indécidable, les médias ont rendu compte de l’accident et de ses suites comme ils ont pu. Certes, la fable du nuage qui aurait épargné la France, specimen de ce “canard” que les journaux du xix e siècle dénonçaient, a été assez rapidement mise à mal, cristallisant les débats et devenant un sujet à part entière : celui de la manière dont la fausse information peut se propager. Mais factualité n’est pas vérité et quand la première s’avère insaisissable, la seconde devient généralement polémique. Il en fut ainsi de la question des dommages sanitaires engendrés par le passage du fameux nuage, restée objet de polémiques jusqu’à ce jour. Cet article reprend le dossier en s’interrogeant sur les régimes de fausseté qui ont servi de cadre à ce long feuilleton : la fausseté due à l’absence d’information, la fausseté par rétention d’information, la fausseté relevant de diverses manipulations, la fausseté dépendant d’une défaillance épistémique, enfin. En prenant en compte la difficulté qu’il y avait pour les journalistes à traiter un sujet à la fois aussi technique et aussi « explosif. Si de fausses informations ont été diffusées par les médias, elles tiennent moins aux insuffisances des professionnels qu’à une convergence de facteurs parmi lesquelles on notera la réticence des « experts » à partager avec les journalistes et le public des informations jugées embarrassantes et/ou fauteuses de trouble, et la rétention des politiques soucieux de ne pas entamer le crédit de l’industrie nucléaire. Cette pratique largement dénoncée dès le 8 mai 1986, appartient à la logique de ce « gouvernement par le secret (qui caractérise) le pays le plus nucléarisé au monde ». Mais c’est aux journalistes qu’il revient d’avoir finalement fourni au public l’accès à l’information, recomposant de la sorte un espace public démocratique qui se trouvait de fait menacé par la rétention des autorités.
Impact of unemployment and income on entrepreneurship in post-apartheid South Africa: 1994–2015
Authors: Mahadea Darma , Kaseeram Irrshad 
Published: March 2018

Background: South Africa has made significant progress since the dawn of democracy in 1994. It registered positive economic growth rates and its real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita increased from R42 849 in 1994 to over R56 000 in 2015. However, employment growth lagged behind GDP growth, resulting in rising unemployment. Aim and setting: Entrepreneurship brings together labour and capital in generating income, output and employment. According to South Africa’s National Development Plan, employment growth would come mainly from small-firm entrepreneurship and economic growth. Accordingly, this article investigates the impact unemployment and per capita income have on early stage total entrepreneurship activity (TEA) in South Africa, using data covering the 1994–2015 period. Methods: The methodology used is the dynamic least squares regression. The article tests the assertion that economic growth, proxied by real per capita GDP income, promotes entrepreneurship and that high unemployment forces necessity entrepreneurship. Results: The regression results indicate that per capita real GDP, which increases with economic growth, has a highly significant, positive impact on entrepreneurial activity, while unemployment has a weaker effect. A 1% rise in real per capita GDP results in a 0.16% rise in TEA entrepreneurship, and a 1% rise in unemployment is associated with a 0.25% rise in TEA. Conclusion: There seems to be a strong pull factor, from income growth to entrepreneurship and a reasonable push from unemployment to entrepreneurship, as individuals without employment are forced to self-employment as a necessity, survival mechanism. Overall, a long-run co-integrating relationship seems plausible between unemployment, income and entrepreneurship in South Africa.
The role of demographic and motivational factors on mobile commerce usage activities in South Africa
Authors: Cullen Malcolm , Kabanda Salah K. 
Published: March 2018

Background: Many studies have examined the mobile commerce phenomenon and most of these have focused on understanding the organisational and environmental factors that affect its adoption. Few have examined how an individual’s characteristics and their perceived motivational appetite affect their mobile commerce usage and specifically the activities they engage in. Objectives: This study examines the role of demographics (individuals’ characteristics) and motivational factors on mobile commerce usage activities from the South African perspective. Method: An objective approach and a positivistic stance were followed. The research model and instrument from earlier studies by Chong (2013a) were contextualised to suit this study. Data collection was done through an online questionnaire, 88 responses were received and 81 used for data analysis. Results: The findings show that age is significantly related to mobile commerce transactions, and one’s education status influences the following mobile commerce usage activities: transactions and location-based services. One’s gender influences how one uses mobile commerce. A significant relationship between all three motivational variables and mobile commerce usage activities is evident. Conclusion: The findings provide the financial services industry and providers of mobile commerce offerings with a better understanding of the relationships between customer demographics and the mobile commerce activities they engage in. An additional variable of customer income has been identified for future studies to better understand the relationship.
Determinants of social media usage among a sample of rural South African youth
Authors: Shava Herring , Chinyamurindi Willie T. 
Published: March 2018

Background: Youths have been found to utilise and adopt information communication technology (ICT) faster than any other population cohort. This has been aided by the advent of social media, especially Facebook and Instagram as platforms of choice. Calls have been made for more research (especially in rural communities) on the usage of ICT platforms such as social media among the youth as a basis for interventions that not only allow for better communication but also for learning. Objectives: The research investigated the relationship between knowledge sharing, habit and obligation in relation to social media usage among a sample of rural South African youth. Method: This study is descriptive by design. Primary data were collected from 447 youths domiciled within a rural community in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa using a self-administered questionnaire. The respondents to the study were all social media users. A combination of descriptive statistics and Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to make meaning of the data. Results: The study found a significant positive correlation to exist in all three independent variables (knowledge sharing, habit and obligation) with the dependent variable (social media usage) concerning Facebook usage among the sample of South African rural youth. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the research, recommendations and implications with regard to theory and practice are made.
Incremental validity of work-related sense of coherence in predicting work wellness
Authors: Van der Westhuizen Sanet C. 
Published: March 2018

Orientation: Sense of coherence and, more recently, work-related sense of coherence are regarded as significant variables in promoting the management of employees’ wellness in modern organisations. Research purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether work-related sense of coherence, as a context-specific application of sense of coherence, provides incremental validity over and above sense of coherence in explaining indicators of work wellness. Motivation for the study: It is important to know if the context-specific, work-related sense of coherence is a better predictor of work wellness in comparison with general sense of coherence in order to guide interventions aimed at the development and enhancement of employees’ wellness. Research approach, design and method: A cross-sectional survey design was used with a convenience sample (N = 734) of part-time and full-time working adults completing an online module at a distance education institution. A biographical questionnaire, the Work-related sense of coherence (SoC) Questionnaire, the Orientation to Life Questionnaire, the Fatigue Scale and Work Engagement Scale were administered. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed to achieve the objective of the study. Main findings: Work-related sense of coherence displayed incremental validity over and above that of sense of coherence in predicting work engagement and fatigue. However, sense of coherence was a stronger predictor of fatigue, while work-related sense of coherence was a stronger predictor of work engagement. Practical managerial implications: In planning interventions to address the work engagement or fatigue of employees, work-related sense of coherence could be used as a practical indicator of coherent work experiences, especially in predicting work engagement. Contribution: The results of the study should provide new insight into the shared variance between work-related sense of coherence and sense of coherence. The results indicated that the factors are interrelated but independent and that work-related sense of coherence adds incremental variance in predicting work engagement and fatigue in the context of work.
Interventionalists’ perceptions on a culture of radiation protection
Authors: Rose André , Uebel Kerry E. , Rae William I. 
Published: March 2018

Background: Occupational exposure to ionising radiation poses potential health risks to radiation workers unless adequate protection is in place. The catheterisation laboratory is a highly contextualised workplace with a distinctive organisational and workplace culture. Objective: This study was conducted to understand the culture of radiation protection (CRP). Methods: This study was a qualitative study and data were collected through 30 in-depth and 6 group interviews with 54 purposively selected South African interventionalists (interventional radiologists and cardiologists). The participants included a diversity of interventionalists who varied in sex, geographic location and years of experience with fluoroscopy. The transcribed data were analysed thematically using a deductive and inductive approach. Results: ‘Culture of radiation protection’ emerged as a complex theme that intersected with other themes: ‘knowledge and awareness of radiation’, ‘radiation safety practice’, ‘personal protective equipment (PPE) utilisation’ and ‘education and training’. Conclusion: Establishing and sustaining a CRP provides an opportunity to mitigate the potentially detrimental health effects of occupational radiation exposure. Education and training are pivotal to establishing a CRP. The time to establish a culture of radiation in the catheterisation laboratory is now.
Characterization and source apportionment of organic aerosol at 260 m on a meteorological tower in Beijing, China
Authors: Zhou Wei , Wang Qingqing , Zhao Xiujuan , Xu Weiqi , Chen Chen , Du Wei , Zhao Jian , Canonaco Francesco , Prévôt André S. H. , Fu Pingqing , Wang Zifa , Worsnop Douglas R. , Sun Yele 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Despite extensive efforts toward the
characterization of submicron aerosols at ground level in the megacity of
Beijing, our understanding of aerosol sources and processes at high altitudes
remains low. Here we conducted a 3-month real-time
measurement of non-refractory submicron aerosol (NR-PM1) species at
a height of 260 m from 10 October 2014 to 18 January 2015 using an
aerosol chemical speciation monitor. Our results showed a significant change
in aerosol composition from the non-heating period (NHP) to the heating period (HP).
Organics and chloride showed clear increases during HP due to coal combustion
emissions, while nitrate showed substantial decreases from 28 to
15–18 %. We also found that NR-PM1 species in the heating season
can have average mass differences of 30–44 % under similar emission
sources yet different meteorological conditions. Multi-linear engine 2 (ME-2)
using three primary organic aerosol (OA) factors as constraints, i.e., fossil-fuel-related
OA (FFOA) dominantly from coal combustion emissions, cooking OA (COA), and
biomass burning OA (BBOA) resolved from ground high-resolution aerosol mass
spectrometer measurements, was applied to OA mass spectra of
ACSM. Two types of secondary OA (SOA) that were well correlated with nitrate
and chloride–CO, respectively, were identified. SOA played a dominant role in
OA during all periods at 260 m although the contributions were
decreased from 72 % during NHP to 58–64 % during HP. The SOA
composition also changed significantly from NHP to HP. While the contribution
of oxygenated OA (OOA) was decreased from 56–63 to 32–40 %, less
oxidized OOA (LO-OOA) showed a large increase from 9–16 to
24–26 %. COA contributed a considerable fraction of OA at high altitude,
and the contribution was relatively similar across different periods
(10–13 %). In contrast, FFOA showed a large increase during HP due to
the influences of coal combustion emissions. We also observed very different
OA composition between ground level and 260 m. Particularly, the
contributions of COA and BBOA at the ground site were nearly twice those at
260 m, while SOA at 260 m was ∼ 15–34 % higher
than that at ground level. Bivariate polar plots and back-trajectory analysis
further illustrated the different source regions of OA factors in different
seasons.
Long open-path measurements of greenhouse gases in air using near-infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy
Authors: Griffith David W. T. , Pöhler Denis , Schmitt Stefan , Hammer Samuel , Vardag Sanam N. , Platt Ulrich 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. In complex and urban environments, atmospheric trace gas composition is highly variable in time and space. Point measurement techniques for trace gases with in situ instruments are well established and accurate, but do not provide spatial averaging to compare against developing high-resolution atmospheric models of composition and meteorology with resolutions of the order of a kilometre. Open-path measurement techniques provide path average concentrations and spatial averaging which, if sufficiently accurate, may be better suited to assessment and interpretation with such models. Open-path Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTS) in the mid-infrared region, and differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) in the UV and visible, have been used for many years for open-path spectroscopic measurements of selected species in both clean air and in polluted environments. Near infrared instrumentation allows measurements over longer paths than mid-infrared FTS for species such as greenhouse gases which are not easily accessible to DOAS.In this pilot study we present the first open-path near-infrared (4000–10 000 cm−1, 1.0–2.5 µm) FTS measurements of CO2, CH4, O2, H2O and HDO over a 1.5 km path in urban Heidelberg, Germany. We describe the construction of the open-path FTS system, the analysis of the collected spectra, several measures of precision and accuracy of the measurements, and the results a four-month trial measurement period in July–November 2014. The open-path measurements are compared to calibrated in situ measurements made at one end of the open path. We observe significant differences of the order of a few ppm for CO2 and a few tens of ppb for CH4 between the open-path and point measurements which are 2 to 4 times the measurement repeatability, but we cannot unequivocally assign the differences to specific local sources or sinks. We conclude that open-path FTS may provide a valuable new tool for investigations of atmospheric trace gas composition in complex, small-scale environments such as cities.
Morphology of the Early Jurassic Arietitidae and the effects of syn vivo serpulid infestations
Authors: Ramming Michael , Korn Dieter , Klein Carina , Klug Christian 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Selected specimens from the Jurassic ammonoid family Arietitidae were investigated using morphometric methods of transverse and longitudinal conch section analysis. The family Arietitidae is characterized by similarities in the conch geometry, but variation can be demonstrated by means of differences in conch morphology. Our study focuses on a specimen of the arietitid Pararnioceras sp., which revealed striking changes in conch morphology due to a syn vivo growth through a parasitic serpulid. Changes in its ontogenetic development are compared with specimens without epizoans. The ecological interpretation of the morphometric data allows the conclusion that the host possessed the ability to counteract the parasitic conch abnormalities by adapting its housing growth, thus ensuring survival.
Correlation Between Body Weight and Mitoxantrone-Associated Neutropenia in Dogs
Authors: Richardson Danielle , Poirier Valerie J. , Matsuyama Arata , Calvalido Jerome 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTThirty-seven dogs with histologically or cytologically confirmed malignant tumors treated with single-agent mitoxantrone at 5 mg/m2 were evaluated in a retrospective study assessing the correlation between body weight and neutropenia associated with a single dose of mitoxantrone in dogs. Overall, eight dogs (21%) experienced grade 3 neutropenia and five dogs (14%) experienced grade 4 neutropenia on day 7 following mitoxantrone chemotherapy. Dogs ≤10 kg body weight were significantly more likely to develop grade 3 or 4 neutropenia (5.8 relative risk; 95% confidence interval, 2.6–12.9; P &lt; .0001) than dogs &gt;10 kg. Dogs ≤15 kg body weight were significantly more likely to develop grade 3 or 4 neutropenia (8.1 relative risk; 95% confidence interval, 2.1–31.3; P &lt; .0001) than dogs &gt;15 kg. Of the 13 patients who developed grade 3 or 4 neutropenia, 6 (46%) were hospitalized for clinical signs related to neutropenia. Based on the severity of neutropenia and the resulting hospitalization seen in dogs ≤10 kg, a dose reduction could be considered for the initial dose of mitoxantrone, and clinicians should be aware of the increased risk of neutropenia in patients 10.1 to ≤15 kg.