bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex ratio bias and shared paternity reduce individual fitness and population viability in a critically endangered parrot
Authors: Heinsohn Robert , Olah George , Webb Matthew , Peakall Rod , Stojanovic Dejan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSex‐biased mortality can lead to altered adult sex ratios (ASRs), which may in turn lead to harassment and lower fitness of the rarer sex and changes in the mating system. Female critically endangered swift parrots (Lathamus discolor) suffer high predation while nesting due to an introduced mammalian predator, the sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps). High predation on females is causing severe population decline alongside strongly biased adult sex ratios (≥73% male).Our 6‐year study showed that 50.5% of critically endangered swift parrot nests had shared paternity although the birds remained socially monogamous. Shared paternity increased significantly with the local rate of predation on breeding females, suggesting that rates of shared paternity increased when theASRbecame more biased.Nests that were not predated produced fewer fledglings as the localASRbecame more male‐biased possibly due to higher interference during nesting from unpaired males.Population viability analyses showed that part of the predicted decline in the swift parrot population is due to reduced reproductive success when paternity is shared. The models predicted that the population would decline by 89.4% over three generations if the birds maintained the lowest observed rate of shared paternity. This compares with predicted population reductions of 92.1–94.9% under higher rates of shared paternity.We conclude that biases in theASR, in this case caused by sex‐specific predation from an introduced predator, can lead to changes in the mating system and negative impacts on both individual fitness and long‐term population viability.
Childhood health and education outcomes following early term induction for large‐for‐gestational age: A population‐based record linkage study
Authors: Ibiebele Ibinabo , Bowen Jennifer R. , Nippita Tanya A. , Morris Jonathan M. , Ford Jane B. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIntroductionThere is debate about optimal management of pregnancies with a large‐for‐gestational age baby. A recent randomized controlled trial reported that early term induction of labor reduced cesarean section rates and infant morbidity. However, long term childhood outcomes have not been assessed. The aim of this study was to assess maternal, neonatal and child health and education outcomes for large‐for‐gestational age babies induced at 37‐38 weeks’ gestation.Material and methodsPopulation‐based record linkage study of term (37+ weeks), cephalic‐presenting singleton pregnancies with a large‐for‐gestational age baby in New South Wales, Australia, 2002‐2006. Linked birth, hospital, mortality and education data were used with at least 9 years follow up from birth. Exposure was induction of labor at 37‐38 weeks, compared to expectant management (spontaneous birth at ≥37 weeks and planned births at ≥39 weeks). Relative risks and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using Modified Poisson regression with robust variance.ResultsAmong 10 174 eligible pregnancies, 412 (4.0%) had an induction at 37‐38 weeks. Women in the induction group were less likely to have a cesarean section (RR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.51‐0.82). Infants had higher rates of: low Apgar scores, birth trauma, neonatal jaundice and phototherapy use, and admission to special care nursery or neonatal intensive care than their expectantly managed counterparts. As children, they had higher rates of hospital admission (RR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.04‐1.30) and special needs (RR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.12‐3.50). However, by age 8 there was no difference in overall literacy and numeracy achievement.ConclusionsAlthough women who had an early term labor induction with large‐for‐gestational age were less likely to have a cesarean section, the increased risk of neonatal morbidities and additional healthcare utilization suggests the need for caution in early induction of large‐for‐gestational age babies before 39 weeks’ gestation.
The impact of spot size, spacing, pattern, duration and intensity of burns on the photocoagulation index in a geometric simulation of pan‐retinal laser photocoagulation
Authors: Nishida Kentaro , Miura Ken , Sakaguchi Hirokazu , Kamei Motohiro , Wakabayashi Taku , Hara Chikako , Sakimoto Susumu , Fukushima Yoko , Sayanagi Kaori , Sato Shigeru , Fukuda Masakatsu , Nishida Kohji 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the impact of spot size, spacing, pattern, duration and intensity of burns on the photocoagulation index, using a geometric simulation of pan‐retinal laser photocoagulation.MethodsSimulations of full‐scattered pan‐retinal laser photocoagulation were performed on a retinal map, using a geometry‐based method. Simulations consisted of 300‐, 400‐ or 500‐μm diameter equidistant spots on the retina with 1.0‐spot width spacing, as well as 400‐μm diameter spots on the retina in an equidistant pattern or grid pattern, with 1.0‐, 0.75‐, 0.50‐, 0.25‐ or 0‐spot width spacing. For each simulation, we calculated the ratio of the total photocoagulated retinal area to the whole retina, termed the photocoagulation index. We recalculated the photocoagulation indexes using the expansion ratios of photocoagulated lesions by different duration and intensity of burns from a previous study.ResultsThe photocoagulation indexes of the simulated pan‐retinal laser photocoagulation with 300‐, 400‐ and 500‐μm diameter spots were 20.8%, 20.6% and 21.0%, respectively. The photocoagulation indexes of the 1.0‐, 0.75‐, 0.50‐, 0.25‐ and 0‐spot width spacing configurations of pan‐retinal laser photocoagulation burns for the equidistant pattern were 20.6%, 27.1%, 36.7%, 53.2% and 83.1%, respectively, and those for the grid pattern were 17.9%, 23.5%, 31.8%, 46.1% and 72.0%, respectively. The photocoagulation indexes obtained with the equidistant and grid patterns changed (range, 1.7–84.7% and 1.5–73.4%, respectively) when the duration or burn intensity of the pan‐retinal photocoagulation was changed.ConclusionThis geometric simulation method could evaluate the impact of a range of conditions on the photocoagulation index.
Addressing the challenge for expedient ethical review of research in disasters and disease outbreaks
Authors: Aarons Derrick 
Published: December 2018

AbstractGuideline 20 of the updated International Ethics Guidelines for Health‐related Research Involving Humans (2016) by the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) provides guidance on research in disasters and disease outbreaks against the background of the need to generate knowledge quickly, overcome practical impediments to implementing such research, and the need to maintain public trust. The guideline recommends that research ethics committees could pre‐screen study protocols to expedite ethical reviews in a situation of crisis, that pre‐arrangements be made regarding data sharing and biomedical sample sharing, and that sponsors and research ethics committees seek to minimize risk to researchers conducting research during a disaster.This paper critiques these recommendations against the background of the findings of a survey of public health officials and chairs of research ethics committees in the Caribbean during 2016, which sought to determine the best template for the expeditious ethical review of research proposals in emergency and epidemic situations in the Caribbean, and whose findings can serve as a model for other low‐ and middle‐income countries.
NAV inflation and impact on performance in China
Authors: Shackleton Mark , Yan Jiali , Yao Yaqiong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOur study is among the first to examine the net asset value (NAV) inflation practices of fund managers in China, finding that equity funds bolster their portfolios at quarter‐end and especially year‐end. In support of the NAV inflation hypothesis in China, we further document the following: (1) NAV inflation is more profound for the worst‐performing fund managers; and (2) the stocks in which fund managers hold larger stakes exhibit a more marked pattern of price inflation around quarter‐ and year‐ends than do other stocks. We also find that closed‐end funds in China engage in NAV inflation at quarter‐ and year‐ends.
Evolution of the exclusively human pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Human‐specific engagement of immunoregulatory Siglecs
Authors: Landig Corinna S. , Hazel Ashley , Kellman Benjamin P. , Fong Jerry J. , Schwarz Flavio , Agarwal Sarika , Varki Nissi , Massari Paola , Lewis Nathan E. , Ram Sanjay , Varki Ajit 
Published: December 2018

AbstractNeisseria gonorrhoeae causes the sexually transmitted disease gonorrhea exclusively in humans and uses multiple strategies to infect, including acquisition of host sialic acids that cap and mask lipooligosaccharide termini, while restricting complement activation. We hypothesized that gonococci selectively target human anti‐inflammatory sialic acid‐recognizing Siglec receptors on innate immune cells to blunt host responses and that pro‐inflammatory Siglecs and SIGLEC pseudogene polymorphisms represent host evolutionary adaptations to counteract this interaction. N. gonorrhoeae can indeed engage multiple human but not chimpanzee CD33rSiglecs expressed on innate immune cells and in the genitourinary tract––including Siglec‐11 (inhibitory) and Siglec‐16 (activating), which we detected for the first time on human cervical epithelium. Surprisingly, in addition to LOS sialic acid, we found that gonococcal porin (PorB) mediated binding to multiple Siglecs. PorB also bound preferentially to human Siglecs and not chimpanzee orthologs, modulating host immune reactions in a human‐specific manner. Lastly, we studied the distribution of null SIGLEC polymorphisms in a Namibian cohort with a high prevalence of gonorrhea and found that uninfected women preferentially harbor functional SIGLEC16 alleles encoding an activating immune receptor. These results contribute to the understanding of the human specificity of N. gonorrhoeae and how it evolved to evade the human immune defense.
Genome‐wide association study of an unusual dolphin mortality event reveals candidate genes for susceptibility and resistance to cetacean morbillivirus
Authors: Batley Kimberley C. , Sandoval‐Castillo Jonathan , Kemper Catherine M. , Attard Catherine R. M. , Zanardo Nikki , Tomo Ikuko , Beheregaray Luciano B. , Möller Luciana M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractInfectious diseases are significant demographic and evolutionary drivers of populations, but studies about the genetic basis of disease resistance and susceptibility are scarce in wildlife populations. Cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) is a highly contagious disease that is increasing in both geographic distribution and incidence, causing unusual mortality events (UME) and killing tens of thousands of individuals across multiple cetacean species worldwide since the late 1980s. The largest CeMV outbreak in the Southern Hemisphere reported to date occurred in Australia in 2013, where it was a major factor in a UME, killing mainly young Indo‐Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus). Using cases (nonsurvivors) and controls (putative survivors) from the most affected population, we carried out a genome‐wide association study to identify candidate genes for resistance and susceptibility to CeMV. The genomic data set consisted of 278,147,988 sequence reads and 35,493 high‐quality SNPs genotyped across 38 individuals. Association analyses found highly significant differences in allele and genotype frequencies among cases and controls at 65 SNPs, and Random Forests conservatively identified eight as candidates. Annotation of these SNPs identified five candidate genes (MAPK8, FBXW11, INADL, ANK3 and ACOX3) with functions associated with stress, pain and immune responses. Our findings provide the first insights into the genetic basis of host defence to this highly contagious disease, enabling the development of an applied evolutionary framework to monitor CeMV resistance across cetacean species. Biomarkers could now be established to assess potential risk factors associated with these genes in other CeMV‐affected cetacean populations and species. These results could also possibly aid in the advancement of vaccines against morbilliviruses.
Antioxidant profiling of native and modified cereal brans
Authors: Ahmad Farah , Pasha Imran , Saeed Muhammad , Asgher Muhammad 
Published: December 2018

SummaryBran is detached from cereals during roller‐milling operations and considered as a byproduct of milling. Bran carries phenolics and antioxidants in appreciable quantities which can be heightened by modification. In the present project, four cereals were under study that is, wheat, barley, millet and sorghum. Bran was separated from cereal grains and was subjected to size reduction that is, fine (1 mm) and coarse (2 mm) and enzymatic modification by using xylanase and cellulase. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC) and phytic acid were determined spectrophotometrically and phenolic acids through HPLC. TPC and TFC were recorded highest in xylanase‐treated millet bran (0.304 mg GAE g−1 and 211.42 μg g−1 QE respectively). In vitro antioxidant activity assessed by DPPH and FRAP was found to be highest in coarse millet bran (89.51% inhibition) and native sorghum bran (722.52 μMFeSO4 g−1) respectively. Phytic acid was observed highest in xylanase‐treated barley bran (5.80 g per 100 g).
Orientation dependence of electric field induced phase transitions in lead‐free (Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3‐based single crystals
Authors: Chen Chao , Wang Yaojin , Jiang Xiangping , Tu Na , Chen Yunjing , Zhou Shulan , Xia Xiang , Shen Zongyang , Luo Haosu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe orientation dependence of the electric field induced strain and phase transitions in 0.92(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3–0.06BaTiO3–0.02(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 (NBT–6BT–2KNN) single crystals has been investigated. The evolution of Raman spectra with electric field reveals that a tetragonal ferroelectric phase is initially induced at E = 14 kV/cm and completed above E = 25 kV/cm for [001] oriented single crystals. When the electric field is applied along [111] direction, a partial phase transition from pseudocubic to rhombohedral structure is triggered at E = 19 kV/cm, which is higher than that for inducing tetragonal ferroelectric phase along [001] direction. Both field‐induced phase structures and stability of NBT–6BT–2KNN single crystal are strongly associated with the crystallographic orientations. These results provide a better understanding to the field‐induced macroscopic strain in lead‐free NBT‐based ferroelectrics.
3D printing of dense structural ceramic microcomponents with low cost: Tailoring the sintering kinetics and the microstructure evolution
Authors: Liu Wei , Wu Haidong , Tian Zhuo , Li Yanhui , Zhao Zhe , Huang Meipeng , Deng Xin , Xie Zhipeng , Wu Shanghua 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this study, we have successfully developed a unique 3D printing approach based on mask‐image‐projection stereolithography (MIP‐SL) to fabricate structural ceramics microcomponents with low cost and high efficiency. Ultra‐dense submicron crystalline ceramics without fierce grain growth could be obtained via tailoring the sintering kinetics. The ZrO2 ceramic microcomponents reached the highest relative density (RD) of 99.7% with the average grain size of 0.52 μm upon sintering at 1550°C while the Al2O3 ceramic microcomponents reached its highest RD of 98.31% with the average grain size of 2.6 μm upon sintering at 1600°C. Oxide ceramics microcomponents of fully flexible design can be produced easily without visible defects via the method developed in this study, which demonstrates significant potential in the applications of microelectromechanical systems, micro‐optical electronics systems and micro‐opto‐electro‐mechanical systems. The method developed in this study has addressed the problem successfully by healing the interlayer interface defects in densification process via the sintering kinetic window and microstructure evolution. The current work provides a promising opportunity to fabricate structural ceramic microcomponents with complex shape, high precision, and high surface smoothness.
The uptake of Bayesian methods in biomedical meta‐analyses: A scoping review (2005–2016)
Authors: Grant Robert L 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimBayesian statistical methods can allow for more complete and accurate incorporation of evidence in meta‐analyses. However, these methods remain under‐utilized.MethodsA scoping review was conducted to examine the proportion of biomedical meta‐analyses that used Bayesian methods in the period 2005–2016. The review also examined the reproducibility of the work, the cited sources, the reasons for it, its success or failure, the type of model and prior distributions, and whether a mixture of Bayesian and frequentist methods were employed.ResultsWe found that 1% of meta‐analyses are Bayesian and that the reporting and conduct of these were often poor. Data were published in 41% of analyses, and programs to run the analysis in 18%. Network meta‐analysis was the most common reason and became increasingly popular in recent years. In the majority of papers, models and distributions were either not reported or explained in such brief and ambiguous terms as to be uninformative.ConclusionsMore use needs to be made of Bayesian meta‐analysis, and reporting needs to be improved. Greater awareness of these methods and access to training in them is essential.
Quality analysis of randomized controlled trials reporting in the field of pediatrics by Indonesian researchers
Authors: Hendarto Aryono , Yosia Mikhael , Sastroasmoro Sudigdo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the quality of reports of the randomized controlled trial (RCT) in the field of pediatrics conducted by Indonesian investigators.MethodsAll pediatric RCTs conducted by Indonesian researchers were sourced from international and national (local) publications. The assessment was done using both the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trial (CONSORT) 2010 statement and Jadad Scale. Overall scores from each assessment are reported with a comparison of overall scores between studies in international and local publications.ResultsA total of 91 pediatric randomized control trials by Indonesian authors were gathered. National publications yielded a total of 44 studies (48.4%) whilst international publications yielded 47 studies (51.6%). Using the CONSORT statement the percentage of good reports was 38.3% in international journals and 33.3% in national journals. Using Jadad scale the percentage of good reports was 43.6% (international journals) and 37.0% (national journals). Both were not statistically significant.ConclusionsEven though Indonesian investigators still need to be familiarized with good RCT reporting, the overall quality of the reports is fairly satisfactory. There is no significant difference in quality between studies published in international or national journals.
Welfare Cost of Fluctuations When Labor Market Search Interacts with Financial Frictions
Authors: ILIOPULOS ELENI , LANGOT FRANÇOIS , SOPRASEUTH THEPTHIDA 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe study the welfare costs of business cycles in a search and matching model with financial frictions. The model replicates the volatility on labor and financial markets. Business cycle costs are sizable. Indeed, the interactions between labor market and financial frictions magnify the impact of shocks via (i) a credit multiplier effect and (ii) an endogenous wage rigidity inherent to financial frictions. In addition, in a nonlinear framework, large welfare costs of fluctuations are explained by the high average unemployment and the low job finding rates with respect to their deterministic steady‐state values.
Temperature and Growth: A Panel Analysis of the United States
Authors: COLACITO RICCARDO , HOFFMANN BRIDGET , PHAN TOAN 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe document that seasonal temperatures have significant and systematic effects on the U.S. economy, both at the aggregate level and across a wide cross section of economic sectors. This effect is particularly strong for the summer: a F increase in the average summer temperature is associated with a reduction in the annual growth rate of state‐level output of 0.15 to 0.25 percentage points. We combine our estimates with projected increases in seasonal temperatures and find that rising temperatures could reduce U.S. economic growth by up to one‐third over the next century.
Acute urinary retention in two adolescent girls with imperforate hymen
Authors: Goto Kenji 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAcute urinary retention is rare symptom in young adolescent girls. Imperforate hymen can be a cause of acute urinary retention possibly due to the pressure effect of the distended vagina (hematocolpos) on the lower urinary tract. However, the mechanism of progression to urinary retention is unknown. We report on two cases of adolescent girls with imperforate hymen who presented with acute urinary retention. A series of volume tolerance tests of the urinary bladder and urodynamic studies before operation revealed highly elevated urethral resistance, which was induced by interaction of large amount of urinary volume in the bladder and the large size of hematocolpos. After operation, urinary retention could not be observed and the urethral pressure returned to normal.
Creativity under task conflict: The role of proactively increasing job resources
Authors: Petrou Paraskevas , Bakker Arnold B. , Bezemer Katinka 
Published: December 2018

The present daily diary study among employees from various occupational sectors used conflict and creativity theories to hypothesize that task conflict has an inverted U‐shaped relationship with employee creativity (i.e., creativity is higher at moderate than low or high levels of conflict). In addition, we argue that this curvilinear effect is likely to occur when employees proactively increase their job resources. A total of 92 employees filled out a diary survey at the end of five consecutive days. Results of multilevel analyses revealed that, as predicted, task conflict had an inverted U‐shaped link with creativity when employees increased their structural job resources. However, when employees increased their social job resources, the link was linear and positive. Our findings also showed that increasing job resources related positively to employee creativity – this effect was found for both increasing structural and social job resources. We discuss the theoretical contributions of these findings and conclude that moderate task conflict has the potential to benefit organizations.Practitioner points

Task conflict should not be eliminated because when employees deal with it in a constructive way, it can be a creative force of change.

Allow employees to increase their job resources so as to become more creative.

Especially encourage increasing job resources when employees encounter task conflict.