bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative in situ XRD measurement of shock metamorphism in Martian meteorites using lattice strain and strain‐related mosaicity in olivine
Authors: Jenkins Laura E. , Flemming Roberta L. , McCausland Phil J. A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAll Martian meteorites have experienced shock metamorphism to some degree. We quantitatively determined shock‐related strain in olivine crystals to measure shock level and peak shock pressure experienced by five Martian meteorites. Two independent methods employing nondestructive in situ micro X‐ray diffraction (μXRD) are applied, i.e., (1) the lattice strain method, in which the lattice strain value (ε) for each olivine grain is derived from a Williamson–Hall plot using its diffraction pattern (peak width variation with diffraction angle) with reference to a best fit calibration curve of ε values obtained from experimentally shocked olivine grains; (2) the strain‐related mosaicity method, allowing shock stage to be estimated by measuring the streaking along the Debye rings of olivine grain diffraction spots to define their strain‐related mosaic spread, which can then be compared with olivine mosaicity in ordinary chondrites of known shock stage. In this study, both the calculated peak shock pressures and the estimated shock stages for Dar al Gani 476 (45.6 ± 0.6 GPa), Sayh al Uhaymir 005/8 (46.1 ± 2.2 GPa), and Nakhla (18.0 ± 0.6 GPa) compare well with literature values. Formal shock assessments for North West Africa 1068/1110 (53.9 ± 2.1 GPa) and North West Africa 6234 (44.6 ± 3.1 GPa) have not been reported within the literature; however, their calculated peak shock pressures fall within the range of peak shock pressures defining their estimated shock stages. The availability of nondestructive and quantitative μXRD methods to determine shock stage and peak shock pressure from olivine crystals provides a key tool for shock metamorphism analysis.
Theorizing Qualitative Interviews: Two Autoethnographic Reconstructions
Authors: MCGREGOR JANICE , FERNÁNDEZ JULIETA 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe present study takes a reflexive approach to the analysis of coordinated identity work in qualitative interviews in 2 study abroad (SA) contexts, Argentina and Germany. To do this, the authors bring together 2 autoethnographic projects and take a collaborative approach (Chang, Ngunjiri, & Hernandez, 2013; Lapadat, 2017) to the analysis of semi‐structured interviews and identity memos (Maxwell, 2013) collected in their respective SA contexts. The results of an interactionally grounded analysis show that cross‐sectionally, in qualitative interviews with SA students, different facets of one researcher's national identity became relevant and were contested, affecting how she approached this topic and her participants across multiple interviews. The results also show that longitudinally, in qualitative interviews with 1 SA student over time, different facets of the other researcher's professional identity became relevant and affected how she approached particular topics with her participant over time. The findings reveal that researcher identity work and the co‐constructed nature of interviews result in qualitatively different interview data (e.g., in terms of elaboration, openness, and language use) made available for analysis.
Optimal harvest strategy for even‐aged stands with price uncertainty and risk of natural disturbances
Authors: Susaeta Andres , Gong Peichen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe present a reservation price model to examine the joint impacts of natural disturbances and stumpage price uncertainty on the optimal harvesting decision for even‐aged forest stands. We consider a landowner who manages a loblolly pine stand to produce timber and amenities, under age‐dependent risk of wildfires and uncertainty in future timber prices. We show that the incorporation of risk of wildfires decreases the optimal reservation prices. The inclusion of risk of wildfires leads to lower land values and reduces the mean harvest age compared with the case of no‐risk of wildfires. Higher economic gains are obtained with the reservation price strategy compared with the deterministic rotation age model—a difference in the land value of $2,326 ha−1(21%) between the two approaches.Recommendations for Resource ManagersOur adaptive harvest strategy shows that the incorporation of risk of wildfires decreases the optimal reservation prices compared with the case of no‐risk of wildfires.Low reservation prices—a price that makes the landowner indifferent between harvesting or waiting longer—result in lower economic benefits for landowners and potential conversions of lands to nonforest use.Forest management practices oriented to reduce the effects of catastrophic disturbances, for example, creating a more complex forest structure with different stand densities, become imperative to ensure the sustainability of forestlands in the US South.Our analysis also suggests that the valuation of forestry investments should consider not only the risk of catastrophic events but also uncertainty in future timber prices. Higher appraisals of land value are obtained when timber price uncertainty is explicitly recognized, providing financial incentives for landowners to invest in forestry.
Oral health and associated factors among preschool children with special healthcare needs
Authors: Zhou Ni , Wong Hai Ming , McGrath Colman 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the oral health status and associated factors among preschool children with special healthcare needs.Subjects and methodsThis was designed as a cross‐sectional study. Dental examination was provided to 383 children at Special Child Care Centres. Covariates of interest included children's age, developmental profile, oral health‐related behaviours and family social‐economic status. The association between children's dental caries experiences, dental plaque deposition and gingival health status were analysed by negative binomial regression, multiple factorANOVAand binary logistic regression when appropriate.ResultsThe proportion of children with caries, gingival inflammation and plaque were 30.3%, 89.6% and 95.0%, respectively. Final regression models indicated that (a) tooth decay was associated with dental visit experiences, night bottle‐feeding habit, fluoridated toothpaste and monthly income; (b) plaque deposition was associated with intellectual functioning, practical skills, night bottle‐feeding habit, use of toothpaste, initiation of toothbrushing habit, toothbrushing duration and additional cleaning habit; (c) gingival status was associated with children's intellectual functioning and toothbrushing frequency.ConclusionsPoor oral hygiene status existed among preschool children with special healthcare needs. Children's oral health status was associated with their developmental profile, oral health‐related behaviours and social‐economic status.
Development of a multinational registry of pediatric deceased organ donation activity
Authors: Weiss Matthew J. , Domínguez‐Gil Beatriz , Lahaie Nick , Nakagawa Thomas A. , Scales Angie , Hornby Laura , Green Meagan , Gelbart Ben , Hawkins Kay , Dhanani Sonny , Dipchand Anne I. , Shemie Sam D. ,   the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere are no currently agreed upon international standards for reporting of pediatric deceased organ donation activity. This leads to difficulty in comparisons between jurisdictions for both researchers and policy stakeholders. The goal of this project was to develop and test a standardized registry for pediatric deceased donation activity.MethodsFour countries (Canada, Spain, USA, and the UK) with geographical and practice diversity were approached to participate. Iterative exchanges were used to create data fields and definitions that were acceptable to all participants. Data from 2011 to 2015 (inclusive) were requested from national health databases and analyzed on a secure, web‐based survey platform.ResultsData were obtained from three of the four countries (Canada unable to provide). Total pediatric donation rates were stable over the 5‐year period, but with variation between countries. pDCD rates were the most variable, representing 32.2% of total pediatric donation in the UK, 14.4% in the United States, and 2.6% in Spain during the studied period. Most organs from pediatric donors were allocated to adult recipients, though the rates of allocation of pediatric kidneys to pediatric recipients ranged from 7% in the United States to 40% in Spain.DiscussionIn this limited cohort of three countries, we demonstrated substantial variation in pediatric donation rates and practice. These data highlight opportunities for practice improvement such as the development of rigorous clinical practice guidelines. Future development of this registry will seek to engage more countries, and address barriers that prevented full participation of approached jurisdictions.
Idiopathic chronic productive cough and response to open‐label macrolide therapy: An observational study
Authors: Martin Matthew J. , Lee Helen , Clayton Carly , Pointon Kate , Soomro Irshad , Shaw Dominick E. , Harrison Tim W. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackground and objectiveAdult patients with chronic productive cough of unknown cause are commonly seen in respiratory clinics. We have previously described a subgroup of these patients who have a short‐lived response to standard antibiotic treatment but a prolonged response to 3 months of low‐dose azithromycin therapy.MethodsThis observational study describes the physiological, radiological and pathological features of this patient cohort along with their response to a 12‐week open‐label trial of 250 mg azithromycin thrice weekly.ResultsA total of 30 subjects with a mean age of 57 were recruited. The majority demonstrated airway dilatation on high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan without evidence of established bronchiectasis (n = 21) and non‐specific chronic inflammatory changes on bronchial biopsy (n = 15/17). Twenty‐nine subjects completed 3 months of azithromycin with a significant improvement in median Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ) score (−6.3 points, P < 0.00001), reduction in median 24‐h sputum volume (−5.8 mL, P = 0.0003) and improvement in sputum colour (P = 0.003). Patients responsive to azithromycin (n = 22) demonstrated neutrophilic or paucigranulocytic airway inflammation, whereas five subjects with eosinophilic airways inflammation did not respond symptomatically to azithromycin.ConclusionWe describe a cohort of patients with chronic productive cough not adequately described by existing disease labels whose symptoms responded well to low‐dose azithromycin. Many of the features are similar to the paediatric condition protracted bacterial bronchitis.
Building an Interdisciplinary Team for Disaster Response Research: A Data‐Driven Approach
Authors: Ge Yue “Gurt” , Zobel Christopher W. , Murray‐Tuite Pamela , Nateghi Roshanak , Wang Haizhong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBuilding an interdisciplinary team is critical to disaster response research as it often deals with acute onset events, short decision horizons, constrained resources, and uncertainties related to rapidly unfolding response environments. This article examines three teaming mechanisms for interdisciplinary disaster response research, including ad hoc and/or grant proposal driven teams, research center or institute based teams, and teams oriented by matching expertise toward long‐term collaborations. Using hurricanes as the response context, it further examines several types of critical data that require interdisciplinary collaboration on collection, integration, and analysis. Last, suggesting a data‐driven approach to engaging multiple disciplines, the article advocates building interdisciplinary teams for disaster response research with a long‐term goal and an integrated research protocol.
Whose Risk? Why Did the U.S. Public Ignore Information About the Ebola Outbreak?
Authors: Yang Janet Z. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTo test a possible boundary condition for the risk information seeking and processing (RISP) model, this study experimentally manipulates risk perception related to the 2014 Ebola outbreak in a nationally representative sample. Multiple‐group structural equation modeling results indicate that psychological distance was negatively related to systematic processing in the high‐risk condition. In the low‐risk condition, psychological distance was positively related to heuristic processing; negative attitude toward media coverage dampened people's need for information, which subsequently influenced information processing. Risk perception elicited more fear, which led to greater information insufficiency and more heuristic processing in the low‐risk condition. In contrast, sadness was consistently related to information processing in both conditions. Model fit statistics also show that the RISP model provides a better fit to data when risk perception is elevated. Further, this study contributes to our understanding of the role of discrete emotions in motivating information processing.
Subsidizing wages or supplementing transfers? The politics and ambiguity of in‐work benefits
Authors: Clasen Jochen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn‐work benefits (IWB) have become mainstream social policy programmes in modern welfare states. Aimed at employment promotion as well as poverty reduction, their introduction and expansion have been supported by both centre‐right and centre‐left governments. However, the article argues that policy positions towards IWB are essentially unstable. Political preferences can alter fast, with the same actors advocating IWB growth at one time and containment at another. In part, this is influenced not only by prevailing socio‐economic conditions but also by the institutional shape of IWBs, their interaction with complementary policies, and their inherently ambiguous nature. Characterized by multiple aims, IWBs occasionally offer political opportunities but often create challenges and even confound policymaking. Thus, the understanding of the politics of IWB requires a careful consideration of the particular properties of concrete IWBs and the ways in which they relate to other policy arenas. The article discusses this with reference to relevant debates and reforms in Germany.
Bilateral enucleation in dogs: A review of owner perceptions and satisfaction
Authors: Hamzianpour Negar , Smith Kinley , Dawson Charlotte , Rhodes Michael 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate owner perceptions of the quality of life of their dogs before and after bilateral enucleation and to assess owner satisfaction with the procedure.MethodsMedical records of 72 dogs from the Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service (49 dogs) and the Royal Veterinary College (RVC, 23 dogs) that had undergone bilateral enucleation, either in one procedure or at different times, between April 2008 (Willows) or 2012 (RVC) and April 2017, were reviewed. Owners were initially telephoned to determine owner satisfaction, followed by a postal visual analogue scale (VAS) questionnaire evaluating perceptions of their dog's quality of life before and after the bilateral enucleation. Statistical evaluation included Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests and Chi‐squared analysis.ResultsOf the 72 cases identified, 63 owners (88%) were contacted by telephone and 60 owners (83%) also completed theVASquestionnaire. The mean age at the time of the second or bilateral enucleation was 8.47 years (range 7.1 months‐14.5 years). Cross‐breeds (n = 12, 17%) and Jack Russell Terriers (n = 7, 10%) were the two most represented breeds. Glaucoma was the most common reason for enucleation (139/144 eyes, 97%). Most owners (57/63, 90%) were satisfied with the surgery and would consent to the procedure again. Statistically significant improvements in owner perceptions of their dog's pain level, reaction to facial/ocular palpation, activity levels, and quality of life were identified post‐enucleation.ConclusionsFollowing bilateral enucleation, owners were satisfied with the procedure and perceived their dogs to have a good quality of life.
Comparative efficacy of topical oclacitinib 0.1% and tacrolimus 0.01% in canine keratoconjunctivitis sicca
Authors: de Oliveira Juliana Kravetz , Williams David L. , Bollmann Camila , de Seabra Nathália Mendonça , Bortolini Mariza , Montiani‐Ferreira Fabiano 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of 0.1% oclacitinib as a single agent, and in combination with tacrolimus 0.01%, for the control of ophthalmic signs of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) in dogs.Animals studiedThirty‐two dogs (57 eyes) diagnosed with idiopathic KCS were included. Inclusion criteria were Schirmer Tear Test 1 (STT‐1) values <15 mm/min and concurrent clinical signs such as ocular hyperemia and discharge.ProceduresThe animals were submitted to a randomized, open‐label, 5‐week study and divided into 3 treatment groups treated with the following ophthalmic solutions: (a) 0.1% oclacitinib, (b) 0.1% oclacitinib +0.01% tacrolimus, and (c) 0.01% tacrolimus. Eye drops were instilled twice daily (12‐hour intervals). At each follow‐up examination, STT‐1, clinical signs, and potential drug side effects were assessed.ResultsOclacitinib did not significantly improve STT‐1 values or clinical scores. Tacrolimus alone and in combination with oclacitinib increased mean STT‐1 values by 11.84 ± 5.2 and 12.46 ± 5.3 mm/min, respectively (P = 0.0001). Clinical scores of ocular discharge and hyperemia also improved significantly in both groups receiving treatment with tacrolimus (P < 0.05). However, addition of oclacitinib to tacrolimus provided no additional improvement over tacrolimus alone.ConclusionsTopical 0.1% oclacitinib twice daily is not effective in controlling the ocular signs of KCS in dogs. 0.01% tacrolimus increased STT‐1 values significantly and could potentially be used as a treatment for mild‐to‐moderate cases of KCS. Synergism between drugs did not occur, and therefore the use of oclacitinib is not justified in cases of canine KCS.
High flux nanofibrous membranes for colored effluent treatment
Authors: Khan Mohammadi Sedigheh , Gharehaghaji Ali Akbar , Hosseini Abdolkarim , Banitaba Seyedeh Nooshin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this study, polyamide 66 (PA) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) were electrospun with various arrangements on substrate surface. Spunbond–Meltblown–Spunbond polypropylene nonwoven (SMS) and carbon foam were applied as substrate to evaluate how filtration efficiency and flux is affected. In addition to substrate, the influence of polymer concentration and layer arrangement were studied. Taghuchi design was utilized for optimum structure recognition. A vat dye was used to study the filtration efficiency. The results have revealed that substrate type plays as the most effective factor among all parameters. SMS substrate was led to finer fibers fabrication, smaller pores, and therefore, superior filtration efficiency and higher flux. Although layer arrangement showed less impression than substrate, it was more effective than polymer concentration. Furthermore study on the base of Taghuchi design showed that by applying PAN/PA/PAN composite nanofibrous membrane on SMS substrate, a high filtration efficiency can be achieved by reduction of 99.58 and 86.13% turbidity and chemical oxygen demand, respectively.
Emergence and viability of teosinte seeds (Zea mays ssp. mexicana ad int.) subjected to sheep digestion
Authors: Cirujeda A , Pardo G , Marí A I , Joy M , Casasús I 
Published: February 2019

SummaryA few years ago, a new invasive weed was found in Spanish maize fields grazed by sheep after harvest and identified as a subform of teosinte (Zea mays ssp. mexicana ad int). If teosinte seeds survive digestion, then the weed could spread via sheep manure. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of this process on the emergence and viability of teosinte seeds. In an in sacco study, seeds were introduced into the rumen of fistulised wethers and extracted after 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. Then, seed emergence was recorded and the viability of non‐germinated seeds was analysed. In an ‘intake and in vivo’ study, lambs were kept in metabolic cages and fed for 6 days with 200 g teosinte seeds and ears. The daily faecal production was individually collected, seeds were recovered and viability was tested (15 days). In the in sacco trials, a decrease in teosinte viability was observed after remaining for 48 h or more in the rumen. In the ‘intake and in vivo’ trial, between 0.1% and 3% of the ingested seeds that were excreted were viable. Uncoated seeds that lost their exocarp during the mastication and digestion processes were less viable (18%) than intact excreted seeds (74%). The last viable and intact seeds appeared 4 and 6 days after intake respectively. In areas with teosinte infestation, sheep grazing on maize stubble should be avoided and, in case of ingestion, sheep should be kept isolated for 4–6 days to avoid the spread of this invasive weed.
A Transformation Method to Generate the Workspace of an n(3RRS) Serial–Parallel Manipulator
Authors: Guo Hongwei , Zhao Chong , Li Bing , Liu Rongqiang , Deng Zongquan , Tian Jin 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This paper presents a transformation method to generate the workspace of an n(3RRS) serial–parallel manipulator (S–PM). Firstly, the boundary of the workspace of the 3RRS parallel manipulator (PM) is obtained using the boundary search method and verified by MATLAB/SimMechanics simulation. Secondly, the workspace of the 2(3RRS) S–PM is obtained using the proposed method and verified by MATLAB/SimMechanics simulation. Finally, the workspace of the 3(3RRS) S–PM is obtained using the proposed method. The results indicate that the n(3RRS) S–PM can significantly expand its workspace with the increase in the number of PMs connected in series, and the proposed method can generate the workspaces of n(3RRS) S–PMs efficiently with the advantages of simple operation, high efficiency, and high accuracy. The proposed method is applicable to all S–PMs that are composed of PMs, and it provides a reference for solving the workspaces of other types of redundantly hybrid manipulators.