bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond financial conflicts of interest: Institutional oversight of faculty consulting agreements at schools of medicine and public health
Authors: Mello Michelle M. , Murtagh Lindsey , Joffe Steven , Taylor Patrick L. , Greenberg Yelena , Campbell Eric G. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractImportanceApproximately one-third of U.S. life sciences faculty engage in industry consulting. Despite reports that consulting contracts often impinge on faculty and university interests, institutional approaches to regulating consulting agreements are largely unknown.ObjectiveTo investigate the nature of institutional oversight of faculty consulting contracts at U.S. schools of medicine and public health.DesignStructured telephone interviews with institutional administrators. Questions included the nature of oversight for faculty consulting agreements, if any, and views about consulting as a private versus institutional matter. Interviews were analyzed using a structured coding scheme.SettingAll accredited schools of medicine and public health in the U.S.ParticipantsAdministrators responsible for faculty affairs were identified via internet searches and telephone and email follow-up. The 118 administrators interviewed represented 73% of U.S. schools of medicine and public health, and 75% of those invited to participate.InterventionStructured, 15-30 minute telephone interviews.Main outcomes and measuresPrevalence and type of institutional oversight; responses to concerning provisions in consulting agreements; perceptions of institutional oversight.ResultsOne third of institutions (36%) required faculty to submit at least some agreements for institutional review and 36% reviewed contracts upon request, while 35% refused to review contracts. Among institutions with review, there was wide variation the issues covered. The most common topic was intellectual property rights (64%), while only 23% looked at publication rights and 19% for inappropriately broad confidentiality provisions. Six in ten administrators reported they had no power to prevent faculty from signing consulting agreements. Although most respondents identified institutional risks from consulting relationships, many maintained that consulting agreements are “private.”Conclusions and relevanceOversight of faculty consulting agreements at U.S. schools of medicine and public health is inconsistent across institutions and usually not robust. The interests at stake suggest the need for stronger oversight.
Modeling of an inductively coupled system
Authors: Psiuk Rafael , Artizada Alisa , Cichon Daniel , Brauer Hartmut , Toepfer Hannes , Heuberger Albert 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to provide a flexible model for a system of inductively coupled loops in a quasi-static magnetic field. The outlined model is used for theoretical analyses on the magnetic field-based football goal detection system called as GoalRef, where a primary loop generates a magnetic field around the goal. The passive loops are integrated in the football, and a goal is deduced from induced voltages in loop antennas mounted on the goal frame.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on the law of Biot–Savart, the magnetic vector potential of a primary current loop is calculated. The induced voltages in secondary loops are derived by Faraday’s Law. Expressions to calculate induced voltages in elliptically shaped loops and their magnetic field are also presented.

Findings
The induced voltages in secondary loops close to the primary loop are derived by either numerically integrating the primary magnetic flux density over the area of the secondary loop or by integrating the primary magnetic vector potential over the boundary of that loop. Both approaches are examined and compared with respect to accuracy and calculation time. It is shown that using the magnetic vector potential instead of the magnetic flux density can decrease the processing time by a factor of around 100.

Research limitations/implications
Environmental influences like conductive or permeable obstacles are not considered in the model.

Practical implications
The model can be used to investigate the theoretical behavior of inductively coupled systems.

Originality/value
The proposed model provides a flexible, fast and accurate tool for calculations of inductively coupled systems, where the loops can have arbitrary shape, position and orientation.
Efficient analysis method of light scattering by a grating of plasmonic nanorods
Authors: Jandieri Vakhtang , Okropiridze Lana , Yasumoto Kiyotoshi , Erni Daniel , Pistora Jaromir 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop a rigorous self-contained formulation for analyzing electromagnetic scattering by grating of plasmonic nanorods. The authors investigate this structure from the viewpoint of the practical application as a refractive index plasmonic sensor. The presented rigorous formulation is accompanied with a neat implementation providing a high computation efficiency and could be considered as an important tool for designing and optimizing compact sensors.

Design/methodology/approach
Scattering of an incident plane wave by grating made of a periodic arrangement of metal-coated dielectric nanocylinders on a dielectric slab is rigorously investigated using the recursive algorithm combined with the lattice sums technique. As a dielectric slab, the authors consider glass material, which is widely used in experiments, whereas silver (Ag) is used as a low loss metal suitable to excite plasmon resonances. The main advantage of the developed self-contained formulation is that first the authors extract the reflection and transmission matrices of a single planar array from a separate analysis of the grating and the slab and then obtain the scattering characteristics of the whole structure by using a recursive formula. The method is computationally fast.

Findings
Dependence of the surface plasmon resonance wavelength on the refractive index of the surrounding medium is carefully investigated. The resonance peaks are red-shifted with respect to an increasing refractive index of surrounding medium showing an almost linear behavior. Near field distributions are analyzed at the resonance wavelengths of the spectral responses. Special attention is paid to the formation of the dual-absorption bands because of the excitation of the localized surface plasmons. The authors give physical insight to the coupling between grating and the glass slab. The authors found that a strong enhancement of the field inside the slab occurs when the scattered wave of the grating is phase-matched to the guided modes supported by the slab.

Originality/value
In the authors’ formulation, they do not use any approximation and it is rigorous and accurate. The authors use their original method. The method is based on the lattice sums technique and uses the recursive algorithm to calculate the generalized reflection and transmission characteristics by grating. Such fast and accurate method is an effective tool apt for designing and optimizing tailored sensors, for e.g. advanced biomedical applications.
Achieving sustainability through the lean and resilient management of the supply chain
Authors: Ruiz-Benitez Rocio , López Cristina , Real Juan C. 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
In the present work, lean and resilient practices applied to supply chains are studied in order to evaluate their impact on the three dimensions of sustainability. Additionally, the mutual impact of lean and resilient supply chain practices is investigated. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
The aerospace sector and its supply chain are chosen, since lean and resilient practices have been proven relevant in the sector. A methodology based on Interpretive Structural Modeling approach is applied in order to identify the existing relationships between lean and resilient supply chain practices and their impact on the three different dimensions of sustainability.

Findings
The results reveal synergetic effects between lean and resilient practices. The former practices act as drivers of the latter practices. Hence, lean practices lead to direct and indirect effects in achieving supply chain sustainability.

Research limitations/implications
The relationship between lean and resilient practices has been studied for the aerospace sector. Different sectors may lead to different results as the practices considered important in each sector may differ as well as the way in which each practice is implemented.

Originality/value
This study highlights the relationship existing between lean and resilient supply chain practices and their impact on sustainability. Additionally, several managerial implications are drawn out to help managers make better decisions.
Adjustment mode decision based on support vector data description and evidence theory for assembly lines
Authors: Lv Youlong , Qin Wei , Yang Jungang , Zhang Jie 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
Three adjustment modes are alternatives for mixed-model assembly lines (MMALs) to improve their production plans according to constantly changing customer requirements. The purpose of this paper is to deal with the decision-making problem between these modes by proposing a novel multi-classification method. This method recommends appropriate adjustment modes for the assembly lines faced with different customer orders through machine learning from historical data.

Design/methodology/approach
The decision-making method uses the classification model composed of an input layer, two intermediate layers and an output layer. The input layer describes the assembly line in a knowledge-intensive manner by presenting the impact degrees of production parameters on line performances. The first intermediate layer provides the support vector data description (SVDD) of each adjustment mode through historical data training. The second intermediate layer employs the Dempster–Shafer (D–S) theory to combine the posterior classification possibilities generated from different SVDDs. The output layer gives the adjustment mode with the maximum posterior possibility as the classification result according to Bayesian decision theory.

Findings
The proposed method achieves higher classification accuracies than the support vector machine methods and the traditional SVDD method in the numerical test consisting of data sets from the machine-learning repository and the case study of a diesel engine assembly line.

Practical implications
This research recommends appropriate adjustment modes for MMALs in response to customer demand changes. According to the suggested adjustment mode, the managers can improve the line performance more effectively by using the well-designed optimization methods for a specific scope.

Originality/value
The adjustment mode decision belongs to the multi-classification problem featured with limited historical data. Although traditional SVDD methods can solve these problems by providing the posterior possibility of each classification result, they might have poor classification accuracies owing to the conflicts and uncertainties of these possibilities. This paper develops a novel classification model that integrates the SVDD method with the D–S theory. By handling the conflicts and uncertainties appropriately, this model achieves higher classification accuracies than traditional methods.
Extended DEA model under type-2 fuzzy environment
Authors: Chen Xiaoqing , Liu Xinwang , Gong Zaiwu 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to combine the uncertain methods of type-2 fuzzy sets and data envelopment analysis (DEA) evaluation model together. A new type-2 fuzzy DEA efficiency assessment method is established. Then the proposed procedure is applied to the poverty alleviation problem.

Design/methodology/approach
The research method is the DEA model, which is an effective method for efficiency assessment of social–economic systems. Considering the existence of the same efficiency values that cannot be ranked in the proposed DEA model, the balance index is introduced to solve the ranking problem of decision-making units effectively.

Findings
The results show that the proposed method can not only measure the efficiency of the existence of uncertain information but also deal with the ranking of multiple efficient decision-making units.

Originality/value
This paper selects type-2 fuzzy DEA model to express a lot of uncertain information in efficiency evaluation problems. We use the parameter decomposition method of type-2 fuzzy programming or the type-2 expectation values indirectly. The balance index is proposed to further distinguish the multiple effective decision-making units. Furthermore, this paper selects rural poverty alleviation in Hainan Province as a case study to verify the feasibility of the method. The relative efficiency values in different years are calculated and analyzed.
UV-B irradiation effects on pigments and cytological behaviour of callus in sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.)
Authors: Mohajer Sadegh , Mat Taha Rosna , Mohajer Minoo , Anuar Nordiyanah 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
This study aims to determine the appropriate irradiation dose for induction of somaclonal variation in mass of unorganized parenchyma cells derived from sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) tissues.

Design/methodology/approach
To investigate the feasibility of UV-B irradiation (312 nm), seeds and callus of sainfoin were exposed to five different intensities (20-100 per cent) for evaluating the effectiveness of phytochemical constituents and cellular behaviour.

Findings
Although percentage of seed viability reduced in 20 per cent intensity of UV-B irradiation compared with control seeds, the germination speed significantly enhanced from 3.58 to 5.42. The spectrophotometer analysis confirmed that concentrations of chlorophyll (a and b) decreased after UV-B exposure as compared with control callus. Also, carotenoid content showed significant differences among treated calli. Flavonoid and phenolic contents were observed to gradually increase when the non-irradiated callus subjected to 40 and 60 per cent intensities of UV-B irradiation, respectively. Observation on cellular behaviour such as determination of nuclear and cell areas, mitotic index and chromosomal aberrations were also detected to change in different intensities of UV-B irradiation. Fragmented and aneuploidy aberrations were only observed in exposed cells with more than 40 per cent intensity of UV-B irradiation.

Originality/value
In reality, radiocytological evaluation was proven to be essential in deducing the effectiveness of UV-B irradiation to induce somaclonal variation in callus tissue of sainfoin.
Purification of flavonoids from glycyrrhiza by MAR mixed-bed
Authors: Wang XuDong , Chen Zhenbin , Long Jiapeng , Duan Chenglong , Du Xueyan 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to separate and purify flavonoids from glycyrrhiza by macroporous adsorption resin (MAR) mixed-bed technology.

Design/methodology/approach
The adsorption performance of MAR and MAR mixed bed for flavonoids was studied using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry.

Findings
The research shows that the MAR mixed bed of LZ-50+LZ-59 with a mass ratio of LZ-50:LZ-59(m:m) = 1:1 was the optimized combination with the optimal conditions of adsorption (pH = 6, T = 45°C) and desorption (liquid ratio R = 70%, T = 50°C, pH = 8) obtained, relatively.

Originality/value
This paper provides a novel way to separate flavonoids from glycyrrhiza. Under the optimal conditions, the adsorption rate (F) of MAR mixed-bed LZ-50+LZ-59 to the flavonoids was 62.5 per cent/g, the desorption rate (D) was 89.23 per cent and the purity was achieved at 80 per cent.
Increases and fluctuations in nutrient availability do not promote dominance of alien plants in synthetic communities of common natives
Authors: Liu Yanjie , Zhang Xiaoqi , van Kleunen Mark 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

It is frequently thought that global environmental changes, and especially the concomitant changes in environmental variability, could further increase the success of invasive species in native resident communities. However, very few studies explicitly tested this, and it remains unknown whether invasive and noninvasive alien species respond differently to resource fluctuations in resident communities.

We grew 10 invasive and 10 noninvasive species as target species in pot‐mesocosms with four different synthetic native resident communities under six nutrient treatments differing in overall nutrient availability and temporal fluctuations in nutrient supply (constant low, constant high, gradual increasing, gradual decreasing, single large pulse, multiple smaller pulses). With the exception of plants in the constant low treatment, the plants were supplied the same total amount of nutrients during the experiment. We tested whether high‐nutrient availability and fluctuations in nutrient supply increased performance of both invasive and noninvasive alien plants within native resident communities, and whether invasive ones benefited more than noninvasive ones.

We found that the increase in biomass in response to nutrient addition was stronger for invasive than for noninvasive alien species. However, as the native competitors benefited even more from nutrient addition, the relative biomass of the alien target‐plant species, particularly the noninvasive ones, decreased. When the nutrient supply gradually increased, biomass of alien targets as well as native competitors decreased compared to the plants in the constant nutrient‐supply treatment. Surprisingly, when nutrients were supplied as a single large pulse, the absolute and relative biomass of the alien target plants decreased. The reduction in relative biomass was even stronger for invasive than for noninvasive alien species, and a similar pattern was found when nutrients were supplied as multiple smaller pulses.

Our results confirm previous findings that invasive alien species benefit more from nutrient addition than noninvasive alien species. However, in contrast to previous findings, our results suggest that nutrient fluctuations can suppress biomass of alien plants relative to that of natives, at least when the natives are themselves very successful, common species.

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Ecological and genomic features of two widespread freshwater picocyanobacteria
Authors: Cabello‐Yeves Pedro J. , Picazo Antonio , Camacho Antonio , Callieri Cristiana , Rosselli Riccardo , Roda‐Garcia Juan J. , Coutinho Felipe H. , Rodriguez‐Valera Francisco 
Published: August 2018

SummaryWe present two genomes of widespread freshwater picocyanobacteria isolated by extinction dilution from a Spanish oligotrophic reservoir. Based on microscopy and genomic properties, both picocyanobacteria were tentatively designated Synechococcus lacustris Tous, formerly described as a metagenome assembled genome (MAG) from the same habitat, and Cyanobium usitatum Tous, described here for the first time. Both strains were purified in unicyanobacterial cultures, and their genomes were sequenced. They are broadly distributed in freshwater systems; the first seems to be a specialist on temperate reservoirs (Tous, Amadorio, Dexter, Lake Lanier, Sparkling), and the second appears to also be abundant in cold environments including ice‐covered lakes such as Lake Baikal, Lake Erie or the brackish Baltic Sea. Having complete genomes provided access to the flexible genome that does not assemble in MAGs. We found several genomic islands in both genomes, within which there were genes for nitrogen acquisition, transporters for a wide set of compounds and biosynthesis of phycobilisomes in both strains. Some of these regions of low coverage in metagenomes also included antimicrobial compounds, transposases and phage defence systems, including a novel type III CRISPR‐Cas phage defence system that was only detected in Synechococcus lacustris Tous.
Metabolic specialization of denitrifiers in permeable sediments controls N2O emissions
Authors: Marchant Hannah K. , Tegetmeyer Halina E. , Ahmerkamp Soeren , Holtappels Moritz , Lavik Gaute , Graf Jon , Schreiber Frank , Mussmann Marc , Strous Marc , Kuypers Marcel M. M. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryCoastal oceans receive large amounts of anthropogenic fixed nitrogen (N), most of which is denitrified in the sediment before reaching the open ocean. Sandy sediments, which are common in coastal regions, seem to play an important role in catalysing this N‐loss. Permeable sediments are characterized by advective porewater transport, which supplies high fluxes of organic matter into the sediment, but also leads to fluctuations in oxygen and nitrate concentrations. Little is known about how the denitrifying communities in these sediments are adapted to such fluctuations. Our combined results indicate that denitrification in eutrophied sandy sediments from the world's largest tidal flat system, the Wadden Sea, is carried out by different groups of microorganisms. This segregation leads to the formation of N2O which is advectively transported to the overlying waters and thereby emitted to the atmosphere. At the same time, the production of N2O within the sediment supports a subset of Flavobacteriia which appear to be specialized on N2O reduction. If the mechanisms shown here are active in other coastal zones, then denitrification in eutrophied sandy sediments may substantially contribute to current marine N2O emissions.
Optimisation of the microencapsulation conditions and physicochemical properties of enteric‐coated lactase microcapsules
Authors: Ahn Sung‐Il , Kim Augustine Yonghwi , Kwak Hae‐Soo 
Published: August 2018

Enteric double‐coated lactase microcapsules were developed, and the encapsulation conditions were optimised using response surface methodology. The optimum concentration of the enteric coating material was 4.85 g/100 mL, and the amount of core material was 1.85 mL. The particle size of the zein‐coated microcapsules was 2.868 μm, which was smaller than that of the other microcapsules. All microcapsules showed high zeta‐potential values between pH 6 and 8. The in vitro release rates of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate (HPMCP)‐ and shellac‐coated microcapsules were superior to that of the zein‐coated microcapsules. Finally, the microcapsules were barely hydrolysed in simulated gastric fluid; however, almost all the microcapsules coated with HPMCP or shellac released their contents in simulated intestinal fluid within 2 h (93.23 and 97.27%, respectively).