bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of transbronchial cryobiopsy in lung transplantation
Authors: Montero M Angeles , de Gracia Javier , Culebras Amigo Mario , Mugnier Jacqueline , Álvarez Antonio , Berastegui Cristina , Ortiz‐Villalón Cristian 
Published: May 2018

AimsLung transplant monitoring is usually performed with forceps transbronchial biopsies. These types of biopsy show limited reliability and a high degree of variability, owing to insufficient material and compression artefact, which lead to misinterpretation and, eventually, inappropriate treatment of the transplanted patients. The following study was undertaken to assess the diagnostic yield, histological quality and safety of cryobiopsy (CB) in comparison with conventional forceps biopsy (FB) for sampling lung tissue in transplant recipients.Methods and resultsFrom January to December 2011, 81 consecutive transbronchial biopsies (41 FBs and 40 CBs) were indicated in single or bilateral lung transplantation recipients with clinical acute or chronic lung injury. Lung samples obtained by CB were larger (8.5 ± 6.5 mm in the FB group versus 22.1 ± 12.5 mm in the CB group; P < 0.0001) and had no crush artefacts (P = 0.002), allowing us to increase the diagnostic yield of acute (P = 0.0657) and chronic (P = 0.0053) cellular rejection.DiscussionTransbronchial cryoprobe bronchoscopy allows the harvesting of larger and more expanded lung tissue samples, increasing the diagnostic yield in the monitoring of the lung allograft by means of a safe procedure.
An analysis of the timing and materials associated with pulp disease following restorative dental treatment
Authors: Yong J. B. , Sivarajan S. , Abbott P. V. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimTo assess whether the timing of pulp disease after tooth restoration was associated with type of restorative dental material used, extent of the restoration or tooth type.MethodologyA comprehensive search and analysis of data using the Titanium Oral Health Management software program at The Oral Health Centre of Western Australia were performed to correlate procedural codes for teeth that had restorations placed and subsequently developed pulp disease requiring endodontic treatment or extraction from 1st January 2009 to 31st December 2013. Manual analysis of paper and/or electronic patient record cards was also performed. Data collected included restoration type, restored tooth surfaces, tooth type and the dates of restoration and subsequent endodontic intervention or extraction.ResultsOf 330 teeth that met the inclusion criteria, 84 (26%) had composite resin restorations, 80 (24%) had amalgams, 119 (36%) had glass–ionomer cement (GICs), and 47 (14%) had crowns. The average time between restoration and further intervention was 330 days with a range from 3 to 1775 days (approximately 5 years). Teeth restored with crowns or five‐surface restorations were significantly more likely to require earlier intervention than other restorations. Premolar and anterior teeth were also more likely to require earlier intervention.ConclusionsTeeth that developed pulp disease requiring further intervention that were restored with crowns and five‐surface GIC developed the disease sooner than teeth that were restored with amalgam or composite. In teeth with five‐surface restorations that developed pulp disease requiring further intervention, premolar and anterior teeth developed the pulp disease sooner than molars.
Helper T‐cell responses and pulmonary fungal infections
Authors: McDermott Andrew J. , Klein Bruce S. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThe mucosal surface of the respiratory tract encounters microbes, such as fungal particles, with every inhaled breath. When pathogenic fungi breach the physical barrier and innate immune system within the lung to establish an infection, adaptive immunity is engaged, often in the form of helper CD4 T‐cell responses. Type 1 responses, characterized by interferon‐γ production from CD4 cells, promote clearance of Histoplasma capsulatum and Cryptococcus neoformans infection. Likewise, interleukin‐17A (IL‐17A) production from Th17 cells promotes immunity to Blastomyces dermatitidis and Coccidioides species infection by recruiting neutrophils. In contrast the development of T helper type 2 responses, characterized by IL‐5 production from T cells and eosinophil influx into the lungs, drives allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and poor outcomes during C. neoformans infection. Experimental vaccines against several endemic mycoses, including Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides, Cryptococcus and Blastomyces dermatitidis, induce protective T‐cell responses and foreshadow the development of vaccines against pulmonary fungal infections for use in humans. Additionally, recent work using antifungal T cells as immunotherapy to protect immune‐compromised patients from opportunist fungal infections also shows great promise. This review covers the role of T‐cell responses in driving protection and pathology in response to pulmonary fungal infections, and highlights promising therapeutic applications of antifungal T cells.
Chemomechanical analysis for interfacial reactions between γ‐TiAl alloy and glass‐ceramic coating in micro/nano scale
Authors: Liu Wenyuan , Yu Wenshan , Shen Shengping 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTo simulate interfacial reactions process and deformation in γ‐TiAl and glass‐ceramic coating system at high temperature, we developed a coupled chemomechanical model with chemical reactions, diffusion, and mechanical deformation incorporated. Tensile radial and circumferential stresses develop in interfacial zone and coatings as the interfacial reactions occur. Tensile radial stress could tear coatings off alloys while the tensile circumferential stress could result in crack initiation and propagation, even spalling of coatings. The bulk radial stress can be markedly reduced by taking the surface effect into account. Consequently, tensile radial stress vanishes in alloy‐coating system on nano scale.
(Hf0.2Zr0.2Ta0.2Nb0.2Ti0.2)C high‐entropy ceramics with low thermal conductivity
Authors: Yan Xueliang , Constantin Loic , Lu Yongfeng , Silvain Jean‐François , Nastasi Michael , Cui Bai 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA novel high‐entropy carbide ceramic, (Hf0.2Zr0.2Ta0.2Nb0.2Ti0.2)C, with a single‐phase rock salt structure, was synthesized by spark plasma sintering. X‐ray diffraction confirmed the formation of a single‐phase rock salt structure at 26‐1140°C in Argon atmosphere, in which the 5 metal elements may share a cation position while the C element occupies the anion position. (Hf0.2Zr0.2Ta0.2Nb0.2Ti0.2)C exhibits a much lower thermal diffusivity and conductivity than the binary carbides HfC, ZrC, TaC, and TiC, which may result from the significant phonon scattering at its distorted anion sublattice. (Hf0.2Zr0.2Ta0.2Nb0.2Ti0.2)C inherits the high elastic modulus and hardness of the binary carbide ceramics.
Effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS and LR12 peptide on TREM‐1 expression by monocytes
Authors: Dubar Marie , Carrasco Kevin , Gibot Sebastien , Bisson Catherine 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPeriodontal disease involves the activation of host immune response, acting not only as defender of periodontal tissues against bacterial aggression but also as mediator of tissue destruction. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM‐1) is an immune receptor that synergizes with Toll‐like receptors in amplifying the inflammatory response mediated by microbial molecules.AimTo investigate the role of P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the effect of LR12, a TREM‐1 inhibitory peptide, on the expression of membrane‐bound and soluble form of TREM‐1 on human primary monocytes, as well as the production of proinflammatory cytokines.Material and MethodsCells were stimulated with 1 μg/ml of LPS with or without LR12. PCR, flow cytometry and ELISA were used to determine TREM‐1 expressions and cytokines release by monocytes.ResultsP. gingivalis LPS can induce a significant increase in TREM‐1 expression (mRNA, membrane‐bound and soluble form, p < 0.001) as well as cytokines (IL‐1β, TNFα) and chemokines (IL‐8) production by monocytes. This monocytes’ activation was partly prevented by LR12.ConclusionsTREM‐1 inhibitors such as LR12 could be interesting for the modulation of the excessive inflammatory response that occurs during periodontal disease.
Better‐quality diet is associated with lower odds of severe periodontitis in US Hispanics/Latinos
Authors: Salazar Christian R. , Laniado Nadia , Mossavar‐Rahmani Yasmin , Borrell Luisa N. , Qi Qibin , Sotres‐Alvarez Daniela , Morse Douglas E. , Singer Richard H. , Kaplan Robert C. , Badner Victor , Lamster Ira B. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimWe investigated the cross‐sectional association between diet quality and severe periodontitis in a sample of diverse Hispanics from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.Materials and methodsA total of 13,920 Hispanic/Latinos aged 18–74 years of different heritages underwent a full‐mouth oral examination and completed two 24‐hr dietary recalls during 2008–2011. Severe periodontitis was defined as having ≥30% tooth sites with clinical attachment loss ≥5 mm. Diet quality was assessed using the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI‐2010). We evaluated the association of diet quality with severe periodontitis adjusting for age, sex, nativity status, income, education, last dental visit, current insurance, cigarette smoking, diabetes, and energy intake.ResultsRelative to those at the lowest quartile of diet quality, individuals at the highest quartile had significantly lower odds of severe periodontitis (adjusted OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.39–0.82), with evidence of a dose–response relationship across AHEI quartiles. Among AHEI‐2010 components, higher consumption of whole grains and fruits, and lower consumption of red/processed meats were associated with lower odds of severe periodontitis.ConclusionBetter‐quality diet was associated with lower prevalence of severe periodontitis although the causal pathways need to be clarified in future work.
Periodontal status among elderly inhabitants of northern Manhattan: The WHICAP ancillary study of oral health
Authors: Shariff Jaffer A. , Burkett Sandra , Watson Caitlin W.‐M. , Cheng Bin , Noble James M. , Papapanou Panos N. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimWe conducted a cross‐sectional study of the prevalence, extent and severity of periodontitis in a tri‐ethnic cohort of ≥65 year‐old participants of the Washington‐Heights Inwood Community Aging Project (WHICAP).Methods1,130 individuals (57% of eligible invitees) participated in a full‐mouth periodontal examination that included assessments of bleeding on probing, pocket depth and clinical attachment loss (CAL) at six sites/tooth.ResultsParticipants had a mean age of 75.4 years (SD 6.7), were predominantly female (66.6%) and Hispanic (44.7%), and of middle/low educational attainment (~82%). The prevalence of edentulism was 14.7%, and an average of 17.1 teeth (SD 8.0) was present among the dentate. The prevalence of moderate/severe periodontitis according to the CDC/AAP definition was 77.5%. Pockets ≥6 mm were found in 50.2% of the sample, affecting an average of 5.7% of teeth/person. Corresponding figures for CAL≥5 mm were 71.4% and 23.6%, respectively. In multivariable models, male gender, being Black or Hispanic, and no dental visit within the prior year were associated with higher proportion of teeth with CAL ≥5 mm.ConclusionsThe prevalence, extent and severity of periodontitis were higher than the US national average in this urban elderly sample, suggesting substantial unmet periodontal treatment needs.
The association between missing teeth and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in adults
Authors: Qiao Feng , Fu Kaiyu , Zhang Qing , Liu Li , Meng Ge , Wu Hongmei , Xia Yang , Bao Xue , Gu Yeqing , Shi Hongbin , Sun Shaomei , Wang Xing , Zhou Ming , Jia Qiyu , Song Kun , Niu Kaijun 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimsLong‐term oral chronic inflammatory process is closely related to systemic inflammation, which is a main mechanism involved in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Tooth loss could reflect the accumulation of oral local inflammation, implying that number of missing teeth may associate with NAFLD. This study evaluated the association between missing teeth and presence of NAFLD in a general population.Materials and MethodsA cross‐sectional study of 24,470 adults was carried out from the Tianjin Chronic Low‐grade Systemic Inflammation and Health Cohort Study. The self‐reported number of missing teeth (excluding third molars) was recorded and classified into four categories: 0, 1–2, 3–5, and ≥6. The NAFLD was diagnosed by the liver ultrasonography. Associations were analysed by adjusted multivariable logistic regression.ResultsThe multivariable‐adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of NAFLD across the categories of missing teeth were as follows: in males, 1.00 (reference), 1.04 (0.93–1.16), 1.06 (0.90–1.24), and 1.40 (1.09–1.81) (p for trend = 0.04); in females, 1.00 (reference), 0.98 (0.83–1.15), 1.11 (0.90–1.37), and 1.07 (0.77–1.48) (p for trend = 0.45).ConclusionsThe number of missing teeth was associated with a higher presence of NAFLD in males but not females.
Salivary exRNA biomarkers to detect gingivitis and monitor disease regression
Authors: Kaczor‐Urbanowicz Karolina E. , Trivedi Harsh M. , Lima Patricia O. , Camargo Paulo M. , Giannobile William V. , Grogan Tristan R. , Gleber‐Netto Frederico O. , Whiteman Yair , Li Feng , Lee Hyo Jung , Dharia Karan , Aro Katri , Martin Carreras‐Presas Carmen , Amuthan Saarah , Vartak Manjiri , Akin David , Al‐adbullah Hiba , Bembey Kanika , Klokkevold Perry R. , Elashoff David , Barnes Virginia M. , Richter Rose , DeVizio William , Masters James G. , Wong David T. W. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimThis study tests the hypothesis that salivary extracellular RNA (exRNA) biomarkers can be developed for gingivitis detection and monitoring disease regression.Materials and MethodsSalivary exRNA biomarker candidates were developed from a total of 100 gingivitis and non‐gingivitis individuals using Affymetrix's expression microarrays. The top 10 differentially expressed exRNAs were tested in a clinical cohort to determine whether the discovered salivary exRNA markers for gingivitis were associated with clinical gingivitis and disease regression. For this purpose, unstimulated saliva was collected from 30 randomly selected gingivitis subjects, the gingival and plaque indexes scores were taken at baseline, 3 and 6 weeks and salivary exRNAs were assayed by means of reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction.ResultsEight salivary exRNA biomarkers developed for gingivitis were statistically significantly changed over time, consistent with disease regression. A panel of four salivary exRNAs [SPRR1A, lnc‐TET3‐2:1, FAM25A, CRCT1] can detect gingivitis with a clinical performance of 0.91 area under the curve, with 71% sensitivity and 100% specificity.ConclusionsThe clinical values of the developed salivary exRNA biomarkers are associated with gingivitis regression. They offer strong potential to be advanced for definitive validation and clinical laboratory development test.
Human intrabony defect regeneration with micrografts containing dental pulp stem cells: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Ferrarotti Francesco , Romano Federica , Gamba Mara Noemi , Quirico Andrea , Giraudi Marta , Audagna Martina , Aimetti Mario 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimThe goal of this study was to evaluate if dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) delivered into intrabony defects in a collagen scaffold would enhance the clinical and radiographic parameters of periodontal regeneration.Materials and MethodsIn this randomized controlled trial, 29 chronic periodontitis patients presenting one deep intrabony defect and requiring extraction of one vital tooth were consecutively enrolled. Defects were randomly assigned to test or control treatments which both consisted of the use of minimally invasive surgical technique. The dental pulp of the extracted tooth was mechanically dissociated to obtain micrografts rich in autologous DPSCs. Test sites (n = 15) were filled with micrografts seeded onto collagen sponge, whereas control sites (n = 14) with collagen sponge alone. Clinical and radiographic parameters were recorded at baseline, 6 and 12 months postoperatively.ResultsTest sites exhibited significantly more probing depth (PD) reduction (4.9 mm versus 3.4 mm), clinical attachment level (CAL) gain (4.5 versus 2.9 mm) and bone defect fill (3.9 versus 1.6 mm) than controls. Moreover, residual PD < 5 mm (93% versus 50%) and CAL gain ≥4 mm (73% versus 29%) were significantly more frequent in the test group.ConclusionsApplication of DPSCs significantly improved clinical parameters of periodontal regeneration 1 year after treatment.
Morphology and Phylogenetic Position of Gruberia lanceolata (Gruber 1884) (Ciliophora, Heterotrichea) from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Campello‐Nunes Pedro H. , Fernandes Noemi M. , Szokoli Franziska , Petroni Giulio , da Silva‐Neto Inácio D. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCiliates of the genus Gruberia are poorly studied. Consequently, most species lack detailed morphological descriptions, and all gene sequences in GenBank are not classified at the species level. In this study, a detailed morphological description of a population of G. lanceolata from Brazil is presented, based on live and protargol‐stained organisms. We also present the 18S rRNA gene sequence and the phylogenetic position of this species. The primary characteristics of G. lanceolata from the Maricá Lagoon are as follows: an elongate fusiform body 280–870 × 40–160 μm in size; rosy cortical granules; a peristome occupying approximately 1/3–1/2 of body length; an adoral zone comprising 115–330 membranelles; a paroral membrane in 35–50 fragments; and a moniliform macronucleus with 11–16 nodules. Based on our observations and data from pertinent literature, we suggest G. beninensis to be a junior synonym of G. lanceolata.
Expansion microscopy
Authors: CHO I. , SEO J.Y. , CHANG J. 
Published: May 2018

SummarySuper‐resolution optical microscopy techniques have revolutionized how we see and understand biology. In recent past, a new super‐resolution optical microscopy technique called expansion microscopy (ExM) was developed. Unlike other pre‐existing super‐resolution imaging techniques, this technique achieves super‐resolution by physically expanding biological specimens via a swellable hydrogel. After the development of ExM, various techniques based on ExM but with improved performance in various aspects, have been developed. In this review, we introduce the basic principles of ExM and its variants. and compare the advantages and disadvantages of these techniques. In addition, we present the applications of ExM techniques in various fields.
Glutamate metabolism in cerebral mitochondria after ischemia and post‐ischemic recovery during aging: relationships with brain energy metabolism
Authors: Ferrari Federica , Gorini Antonella , Hoyer Siegfried , Villa Roberto Federico 
Published: May 2018

AbstractGlutamate is involved in cerebral ischemic injury, but its role has not been completely clarified and studies are required to understand how to minimize its detrimental effects, contemporarily boosting the positive ones. In fact, glutamate is not only a neurotransmitter, but primarily a key metabolite for brain bioenergetics. Thus, we investigated the relationships between glutamate and brain energy metabolism in an in vivo model of complete cerebral ischemia of 15 min and during post‐ischemic recovery after 1, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h in 1‐year‐old adult and 2‐year‐old aged rats. The maximum rates (Vmax) of glutamate dehydrogenase (GlDH), glutamate‐oxaloacetate transaminase, and glutamate‐pyruvate transaminase were assayed in somatic mitochondria (FM) and in intra‐synaptic ‘Light’ mitochondria and intra‐synaptic ‘Heavy’ mitochondria ones purified from cerebral cortex, distinguishing post‐ and pre‐synaptic compartments. During ischemia, none of the enzymes were modified in adult animals. In aged ones, glutamate‐oxaloacetate transaminase was increased in FM and GlDH in intra‐synaptic ‘Heavy’ mitochondria, stimulating glutamate catabolism. During post‐ischemic recovery, FM did not show modifications at both ages while, in intra‐synaptic mitochondria of adult animals, glutamate catabolism was increased after 1 h of recirculation and decreased after 48 and 72 h, whereas it remained decreased up to 96 h in aged rats. These results, with those previously published about Krebs’ cycle and Electron Transport Chain (Villa et al., [2013] Neurochem. Int. 63, 765–781), demonstrate that: (i) Vmax of energy‐linked enzymes are different in the various cerebral mitochondria, which (ii) respond differently to ischemia and post‐ischemic recovery, also (iii) with respect to aging.
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Differential toxicity of TAR DNA‐binding protein 43 isoforms depends on their submitochondrial localization in neuronal cells
Authors: Salvatori Illari , Ferri Alberto , Scaricamazza Silvia , Giovannelli Ilaria , Serrano Alessia , Rossi Simona , D'Ambrosi Nadia , Cozzolino Mauro , Giulio Andrea Di , Moreno Sandra , Valle Cristiana , Carrì Maria Teresa 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTAR DNA‐binding protein 43 (TDP‐43) is an RNA‐binding protein and a major component of protein aggregates found in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and several other neurodegenerative diseases. TDP‐43 exists as a full‐length protein and as two shorter forms of 25 and 35 kDa. Full‐length mutant TDP‐43s found in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients re‐localize from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and in part to mitochondria, where they exert a toxic role associated with neurodegeneration. However, induction of mitochondrial damage by TDP‐43 fragments is yet to be clarified. In this work, we show that the mitochondrial 35 kDa truncated form of TDP‐43 is restricted to the intermembrane space, while the full‐length forms also localize in the mitochondrial matrix in cultured neuronal NSC‐34 cells. Interestingly, the full‐length forms clearly affect mitochondrial metabolism and morphology, possibly via their ability to inhibit the expression of Complex I subunits encoded by the mitochondrial‐transcribed mRNAs, while the 35 kDa form does not. In the light of the known differential contribution of the full‐length and short isoforms to generate toxic aggregates, we propose that the presence of full‐length TDP‐43s in the matrix is a primary cause of mitochondrial damage. This in turn may cause oxidative stress inducing toxic oligomers formation, in which short TDP‐43 forms play a major role.
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