bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Case of Nocardia farcinica Keratitis in a Pediatric Contact Lens Wearer
Authors: Verner Aimee , Durrani Asad , Kowalski Regis P. , Jhanji Vishal 
Published: August 2019

Purpose:
To report a case of Nocardia farcinica keratitis in a pediatric contact lens wearer.

Methods:
Case report and literature review.

Results:
A pediatric contact lens wearer was initially misdiagnosed with a poorly healing corneal abrasion after swimming with his contact lenses. On examination at our center, he was found to have a 2.5 by 2.5 mm corneal infiltrate with feathery margins. Microbiology revealed N. farcinica keratitis, which was treated with topical amikacin. The patient returned to his baseline visual acuity after treatment.

Conclusions:

Nocardia keratitis can be misdiagnosed because of its low prevalence, especially in young patients. Prompt diagnosis is important for proper management in these cases. The infection resolved in our patient with prompt diagnosis and treatment with topical amikacin eye drops.
Effect of positive end-expiratory pressure and positioning on jugular vein expansion in emergency department patients
Authors: Ehrlich Claudia , Hohenstein Christian , Winning Johannes , Rüddel Hendrik 
Published: August 2019

Objective:
Guidelines recommend Trendelenburg position for central venous cannulation. Critically ill patients in the emergency department often do not tolerate this positioning or have contraindications. Thirty-degree dorsal elevated position with positive end-expiratory pressure by noninvasive ventilation could pose an alternative. This is the first trial to investigate the feasibility of alternative for central venous cannulation in critically ill emergency department patients.

Methods:
Ninety-one critically ill patients in the emergency department of Jena University Hospital were examined between August 2014 and May 2015. The cross-sectional area of the right internal jugular vein was measured in 3 different positions: 30° elevation, supine, and Trendelenburg position. Measurements were repeated with a continuous application of noninvasive ventilation.

Results:
Cross-sectional area of the right internal jugular vein in Trendelenburg position was largest (0.99 ± 0.66 cm2) compared to supine (0.57 ± 0.58 cm2) and 30° elevated position (0.25 ± 0.41 cm2). In 30° elevated positioning, application of positive end-expiratory pressure significantly enlarged cross-sectional area (0.62 ± 0.70 cm2). Noninvasive ventilation was a well-tolerated procedure (98%). In 30° elevated positioning with positive end-expiratory pressure a safe puncture (cross-sectional area ≥ 0.4 cm2) could be expected in 68.1% of cases.

Conclusion:
Thirty-degree elevated positioning with positive end-expiratory pressure via noninvasive ventilation could be a safe and well-tolerated alternative for central venous cannulation, especially for critically ill patients in emergency department unable to remain in Trendelenburg position. This proof-of-concept trial enables further studies with actual central venous cannulation.
Zero Harm During Transition in Care From the Emergency Department to Medical/Surgical Units
Authors: Loftin Edwin , Andrews Diane , Mikitarian George , LaManna Jacqueline 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Health care–related errors are the third leading cause of death in the United States. When evidence-based processes are applied, harm related to health care errors can reach zero.

Purpose:
The purpose was to achieve zero preventable harm to patients during transitions in care from the emergency department (ED) to medical/surgical (Med/Surg) areas.

Methods:
A performance improvement process was used to drive the evidence-based design to eliminate harm in transitions from the ED to Med/Surg units. Once initial design was complete, small tests of change were deployed until zero harm was achieved.

Results:
Zero harm during transitions from the ED to Med/Surg areas was achieved. The use of formal performance improvement systems, tools, and evidence-based practices allows organizations to achieve and sustain zero harm during these transitions in care.

Conclusion:
This transitions project met multiple objectives. In addition, throughput efficiencies were realized.
Accuracy of Pulmonary Nodule Volumetry at Different Exposure Parameters in Low-Dose Computed Tomography: A Phantom Study
Authors: Liu Jieke , Qing Haomiao , Luo Hongbing , He Changjiu , Wang Chunhua , Ren Jing , Zhou Peng 
Published: August 2019

Objective
To explore the exposure parameters with minimized radiation dose for accurate pulmonary nodule volumetry using low-dose computed tomography (LDCT).

Methods
An anthropomorphic chest phantom with 11 pulmonary nodules (6 solid nodules and 5 ground-glass opacities) was scanned using 256-slice multidetector computed tomography scanner at various tube voltage and current (combinations of 80, 100 and 120 kV with 10 to 30 mAs). Raw data sets were reconstructed using the hybrid iterative reconstruction method and nodule volume was calculated by a semiautomatic software. The absolute percentage error (APE) of nodule volume relating to the reference acquisition and contrast-to-noise ratio was measured.

Results
Nodule characteristic and tube voltage (P < 0.0001) as well as the interaction between nodule characteristic and tube voltage (P = 0.0026) contributed significantly to the mean difference of APE, while tube current did not (P = 0.21). Post hoc analysis revealed no significant difference was found between the APE at 100 kV and 120 kV in both solid nodules (2.3 ± 0.4% vs 1.8 ± 0.6%, P = 0.14) and ground-glass opacities (6.0 ± 0.5% vs 4.9 ± 0.6%, P = 0.11). Exploratory analyses further showed that the APE at 100 kV with 10 mAs did not differ from that at 120 kV with 30 mAs in both solid nodules (2.5 ± 0.5% vs 1.7 ± 0.3%, P = 0.025, corrected P = 0.20) and ground-glass opacities (6.4 ± 0.4% vs 4.8 ± 1.0%, P = 0.0084, corrected P = 0.068).

Conclusions
In our study, the exposure parameters with minimized radiation dose for accurate pulmonary nodule volumetry were found at 100 kV with 10 mAs, and the estimated effect radiation dose was as low as 0.2 mSv, suggesting the feasibility of further reducing radiation dose by decreasing tube voltage and current in LDCT lung screening.
Impact of Knowledge-Based Iterative Model Reconstruction on Image Quality and Hemodynamic Parameters in Dynamic Myocardial Computed Tomography Perfusion Using Low-Tube-Voltage Scan: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Tanabe Yuki , Kido Teruhito , Kurata Akira , Kouchi Takanori , Hosokawa Takaaki , Nishiyama Hikaru , Kawaguchi Naoto , Kido Tomoyuki , Uetani Teruyoshi , Mochizuki Teruhito 
Published: August 2019

Objective
Knowledge-based iterative model reconstruction (IMR) yields diagnostically acceptable image quality in low-dose static computed tomography (CT). We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of IMR in dynamic myocardial computed tomography perfusion (CTP).

Methods
We enrolled 24 patients who underwent stress dynamic CTP using a 256-slice CT. Images were reconstructed using filtered back projection (FBP), hybrid IR, and IMR. Image quality and hemodynamic parameters were compared among three algorithms.

Results
Qualitative image quality and contrast-to-noise ratio were significantly higher by IMR than by FBP or hybrid IR (visual score: 4.1 vs. 3.0 and 3.5; contrast-to-noise ratio: 12.4 vs. 6.6 and 8.4; P < 0.05). No significant difference was observed among algorithms in CTP-derived myocardial blood flow (1.68 vs. 1.73 and 1.70 mL/g/min).

Conclusions
The use of knowledge-based iterative model reconstruction improves image quality without altering hemodynamic parameters in low-dose dynamic CTP, compared with FBP or hybrid IR.
Spotlight on the Association of Radioactive Iodine Treatment With Cancer Mortality in Patients With Hyperthyroidism is Keeping the Highest Risk From Antithyroid Drugs in the Blind Spot
Authors: Tulchinsky Mark , Brill A. Bertrand 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
July 1, 2019, JAMA Internal Medicine released online an article authored by Kitahara et al entitled “Association of radioactive iodine treatment with cancer mortality in patients with hyperthyroidism.” The Altmetric Attention Score, a global indicator of interest from lay public and colleagues, skyrocketed to 223 by July 7, placing the article in the top 5% of all scored reports. The overall perception of death from cancer risk associated with 131I is inflated and not supported by evidence. As co-authors of this article, we offer previously unpublished data and analysis that (1) disputes clinical significance of the associated risk from 131I and (2) shows, again, that antithyroid drugs carry a statistically significant and a much more obvious cancer death risk.
Laparoscopic Pancreaticodudenectomy for Periampullary Tumor: Should it be a Routine? A Propensity Score–matched Study
Authors: El Nakeeb Ayman , Attia Mohamed , El Sorogy Mohamed , Ezzat Helmy , Shehta Ahmed , Salem Aly , El Gawad Mohamed A. , Hamed Hosam , Allah Talaat A. , El-Geidi Ahmed A. , Fathy Omar , El Hefnawy Emad , Zaghloul Amgad 
Published: August 2019

Introduction:
Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD) is a complex and challenging procedure even with experienced surgeons. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and surgical and oncological outcomes of LPD compared with open pancreaticoduodenectomy (OPD).

Patients and Method:
This is a propensity score–matched analysis for patients with periampullary tumors who underwent PD. Patients underwent LPD and matched group underwent OPD included in the study. The primary outcome measure was the rate of total postoperative morbidities. Secondary outcomes included operative times, hospital stay, wound length and cosmosis, oncological outcomes, recurrence rate, and survival rate.

Results:
A total of 111 patients were included in the study (37 LPD and 74 OPD). The conversion rate from LPD to OPD was 4 cases (10.8%). LPD provides significantly shorter hospital stay (7 vs. 10 d; P=0.004), less blood loss (250 vs. 450 mL, P=0.001), less postoperative pain, early oral intake, and better cosmosis. The length of the wound is significantly shorter in LPD. The operative time needed for dissection and reconstruction was significantly longer in LPD group (420 vs. 300 min; P=0.0001). Both groups were comparable as regards lymph node retrieved (15 vs. 14; P=0.21) and R0 rate (86.5% vs. 83.8%; P=0.6). No significant difference was seen as regards postoperative morbidities, re-exploration, readmission, recurrence, and survival rate.

Conclusions:
LPD is a feasible procedure; it provided a shorter hospital stay, less blood loss, earlier oral intake, and better cosmosis than OPD. It had the same postoperative complications and oncological outcomes as OPD.
GenomeScope 2.0 and Smudgeplots: Reference-free profiling of polyploid genomes
Authors: Ranallo-Benavidez T. Rhyker , Jaron Kamil S. , Schatz Michael C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAn important assessment prior to genome assembly and related analyses is genome profiling, where the k-mer frequencies within raw sequencing reads are analyzed to estimate major genome characteristics such as genome size, heterozygosity, and repetitiveness. Here we introduce GenomeScope 2.0 (https://github.com/tbenavi1/genomescope2.0), which applies combinatorial theory to establish a detailed mathematical model of how k-mer frequencies are distributed in heterozygous and polyploid genomes. We describe and evaluate a practical implementation of the polyploid-aware mixture model that, within seconds, accurately infers genome properties across thousands of simulated and eleven real datasets spanning a broad range of complexity. We also present a new method called Smudgeplots (https://github.com/KamilSJaron/smudgeplot) to visualize and infer the ploidy and genome structure of a genome by analyzing heterozygous k-mer pairs. We successfully apply the approach to systems of known variable ploidy levels in theMeloidogynegenus and also the extreme case of octoploidFragaria x ananassa.
A time-resolved imaging-based CRISPRi screening method
Authors: Camsund Daniel , Lawson Michael J. , Larsson Jimmy , Jones Daniel , Zikrin Spartak , Fange David , Elf Johan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOur ability to connect genotypic variation to biologically important phenotypes has been seriously limited by the gap between live cell microscopy and library-scale genomic engineering. Specifically, this has restricted studies of intracellular dynamics to one strain at a time and thus, generally, to the impact of genes with known function. Here we show howin situgenotyping of a library ofE. colistrains after time-lapse imaging in a microfluidic device overcomes this problem. We determine how 235 different CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) knockdowns impact the coordination of the replication and division cycles ofE. coliby monitoring the location of replication forks throughout on average >500 cell cycles per knockdown. The single-cell time-resolved assay allows us to determine the distribution of single-cell growth rates, cell division sizes, and replication initiation volumes. Subsequentin situgenotyping allows us to map each phenotype distribution to a specific genetic perturbation in order to determine which genes are important for cell cycle control. The technology presented in this study enables genome-scale screens of virtually all live-cell microscopy assays and, therefore, constitutes a qualitatively new approach to cellular biophysics.
Stromal Hedgehog pathway activation by IHH suppresses lung adenocarcinoma growth and metastasis by limiting reactive oxygen species
Authors: Kasiri Sahba , Chen Baozhi , Wilson Alexandra N. , Reczek Annika , Mazambani Simbarashe , Gadhvi Jashkaran , Noel Evan , Marriam Ummay , Mino Barbara , Lu Wei , Girard Luc , Solis Luisa M. , Luby-Phelps Katherine , Bishop Justin , Kim Jung-Whan , Kim James 
Published: August 2019

AbstractActivation of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway by mutations within its components drives the growth of several cancers. However, the role of Hh pathway activation in lung cancers has been controversial. We demonstrate that the Hh signaling pathway is activated in lung stroma in a paracrine manner. Genetic deletion ofShhin autochthonous murine lung adenocarcinoma had no effect on survival. Early abrogation of the pathway by an anti-SHH/IHH antibody 5E1 led to significantly worse survival with increased tumor and metastatic burden. Loss of IHH byin vivoCRISPR led to more aggressive tumor growth suggesting that IHH, not SHH, activates the pathway in stroma to drive its tumor suppressive effects - a novel role for IHH in the lung. Tumors from mice treated with 5E1 had decreased blood vessel density and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS). Treatment of KP mice with 5E1 and N-acetylcysteine, as a ROS scavenger, decreased tumor ROS levels, inhibited tumor growth and prolonged mouse survival suggesting that increased ROS levels from stromal Hh pathway inhibition spurred lung tumor growth. Thus, IHH induces stromal Hh pathway activation to suppress tumor growth and metastases, in part, by limiting ROS production.
Data-driven decision making in graduate students’ research topic selection
Authors: Li Qiao , Wang Ping , Sun Yifan , Zhang Yinglong , Chen Chuanfu 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
With the advent of the intelligent environment, as novice researchers, graduate students face digital challenges in their research topic selection (RTS). The purpose of this paper is to explore their cognitive processes during data-driven decision making (DDDM) in RTS, thus developing technical and instructional strategies to facilitate their research tasks.

Design/methodology/approach
This study developes a theoretical model that considers data-driven RTS as a second-order factor comprising both rational and experiential modes. Additionally, data literacy and visual data presentation were proposed as an antecedent and a consequence of data-driven RTS, respectively. The proposed model was examined by employing structural equation modeling based on a sample of 931 graduate students.

Findings
The results indicate that data-driven RTS is a second-order factor that positively affects the level of support of visual data presentation and that data literacy has a positive impact on DDDM in RTS. Furthermore, data literacy indirectly affects the level of support of visual data presentation.

Practical implications
These findings provide support for developers of knowledge discovery systems, data scientists, universities and libraries on the optimization of data visualization and data literacy instruction that conform to students’ cognitive styles to inform RTS.

Originality/value
This paper reveals the cognitive mechanisms underlying the effects of data literacy and data-driven RTS under rational and experiential modes on the level of support of the tabular or graphical presentations. It provides insights into the match between the visualization formats and cognitive modes.
Population ageing and a lack of semi-skilled workers in Switzerland
Authors: Saner Raymond , Yiu Lichia , Rush Laurel 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
The question being discussed in this paper is how can refugees be integrated into a host country’s labour market with Switzerland serving as a case example experiencing specific local challenges, such as an aging society and gaps in the labour market, particularly relating to semi-skilled jobs in the public sector. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper examines Switzerland’s intake of refugees and analyses existing refugee and labour market policies and how the integration process is being managed by the authorities and responded to by Swiss citizens.

Findings
The analysis shows that refugees can potentially find jobs in all three segments of the Swiss labour market (highly skilled, semi-skilled and low-skilled labour) and provide mutually beneficial solutions for all parties concerned that include: for refugees seeking employment and asylum; for the aging population requiring care delivered by low- and semi-skilled workforce; and for public and private sector enterprises in need of qualified and motivated labour force.

Originality/value
This paper examines the interplay between refugees seeking work and demonstrates the importance of relating job entry by refuges with actual labour market constraints and opportunities of the host country, Switzerland.
Dual board governance structure and multi-bank performance: a comparative analysis between Islamic banks in Southeast Asia and GCC countries
Authors: Nomran Naji Mansour , Haron Razali 
Published: August 2019

Purpose This paper aims to examine the effect of dual board governance structure, i.e. Shari’ah supervisory board (SSB) and board of directors (BoD), on the performance of Islamic banks (IBs) in Southeast Asia region versus banks in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region.

Design/methodology/approach This study uses a sample of 45 IBs over seven countries covering the period of 2007-2015 based on the GMM estimator – First Difference (2-step).

Findings The findings reveal that SSB and BoD for IBs in both regions are segmented in terms of ROA (negative interaction) and integrated in terms of Zakat ratio (Zakat on equity [ZOE]) (positive interaction) only for Southeast Asia region. Furthermore, SSBs positively affect multi-bank performance in Southeast Asia while its effect is absent for GCC. This suggests that Shari’ah governance practices for IBs in Southeast Asia are stronger compared to GCC IBs. Finally, BoD has a significant association with low ZOE for IBs in both the regions.

Research limitations/implications The implications of this research is that the unique agency theory depicted in this study can be inferred when analyzing how dual board structure affects IBs' performance.

Practical implications For regulators in both regions, SSBs must be given real power to monitor BoD. They should also balance the number of SSB scholars with experience in Shari’ah, as well as in law, accounting and finance. It is also important that such a balance of scholars with PhD in these areas be required for Southeast Asia IBs. For the GCC’s regulators, CG practices need to be improved by giving due importance to SSB characteristics and BoD structure.

Originality/value Though the effects of dual board structure on IBs' performance has been previously examined in the literature, only SSB size has been used as a single proxy of SSB governance. Furthermore, no empirical evidence is recorded to date on this issue in Southeast Asia and the GCC regions. One of the innovations of this paper is the use of multi-bank performance measures in the IBs performance and corporate governance.
Modelling and simulation of residual stress of strip during continuous annealing process
Authors: Su Chun-Jian , Li Yong , Yang De-Xing , Bai Zhen-Hua , Wang Rui , Lv Yu-Ting , Duan Jian-Gao 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to solve the key problem of the residual stress of strip in buckling and deviation during the continuous annealing process (CAP).

Design/methodology/approach
Considering the one-to-one correspondence between deformation and residual stress, the strip was divided into multiple elements. To obtain the total deformation of each element, the influence model of some factors on the deformation of steel strip element was established. Then, according to the constitutive equation of residual stress and deformation, and the deformation coordination relation between strip elements, a set of calculation model, which is suitable for residual stress of strip during CAP was established, the model precision was verified by finite element method simulation, and the influences on residual stress of strip were also analyzed.

Findings
The weighted calculation of comparison between analytical results and simulation shows that the accuracy of the analytical method is within 10 per cent, which fully meets the requirements.

Originality/value
The different residual stress of steel strip can be displayed quickly and intuitively in the synchronous process segment according to this model, which is of great importance to the prevention of strip buckling and deviation.
Vibration-damping characteristic analysis of constrained stand-off layer damping cylindrical shell using Rayleigh-Ritz method
Authors: Yan Bijuan , Liang Huijun , Jin Minjie , Li Zhanlong , Song Yong 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
In the vibration reduction field, constrained stand-off layer damping cylindrical shell plays an important role. However, due to the lack of accurate analysis of its damping characteristics, this hinders its further research and application. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is concerned with an accurate solution for the vibration-damping characteristics of a constrained stand-off-layer damping cylindrical shell (CSDCS) under various classical boundary conditions and conducts a further analysis.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on the Rayleigh–Ritz method and the Hamilton principle, a dynamic model of CSDCS is established. Then the loss factor and the frequency of CSDCS are obtained. The correctness and convergence behavior of the present model are verified by comparing the calculation results with the literature. By using for various classical boundary conditions without any special modifications in the solution procedure, the characteristics of CSDCS with S-S, C-C, C-S, C-F and S-F boundaries are discussed.

Findings
The Rayleigh–Ritz method is effective in handling the problem of CSDCS with different boundaries and an accurate solution is obtained. The boundary conditions have an important influence on the vibration and damping behavior of the CSDCS.

Originality/value
Based on the Rayleigh–Ritz method and Hamilton principle, a dynamic model of CSDCS is established for the first time, and then the loss factor and frequency of CSDCS are obtained. In addition, the effectiveness of adding the stand-off layer between the base shell and the viscoelastic layer is confirmed by discussing the characteristics of CSDCS with S-S, C-C, C-S, C-F and S-F boundaries.