bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IT project decisions: conclusions and recommendations for corporate practice
Authors: Idler Boris David , Spang Konrad 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to clarify the relevant determinants of IT project decision making and their relevance in corporate practice.

Design/methodology/approach
The empiric analysis used in-depth expert interviews (n=18) as method for data collection and qualitative content analysis using evaluative categories for analysis.

Findings
Corporate practice is strongly influenced by descriptive decision making. There is only little use of normative decision models in decision making. In corporate practice little use is made of evaluations to analyze achieved project outputs and impacts to improve decision-making practice. This is the result of several evaluation barriers in organizations.

Research limitations/implications
The sample is restricted to IT projects as the experts are responsible for IT project portfolio management. Also, an industry comparison is not included in the study.

Practical implications
The analysis shows that IT project decision making in corporate practice should include results from descriptive decision theory into project decision processes in corporate practice. More effort should be made in challenging project input data which is relevant for project decision making. By systematically including evaluations for relevant projects, the deviations between planned and achieved project impacts offer valuable feedback for estimators and decision makers.

Originality/value
The paper presents detailed analysis on decision variables and their relevance for IT project decision making in corporate practice. Critical aspects of decision making become clear, such as the aspects of evaluation barriers and the need to incorporate descriptive decision-making aspects into corporate decision processes.
A business model analysis of Kmart’s downfall
Authors: Brea-Solís Humberto A. , Grifell-Tatjé Emili 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to understand how a major retailer like Kmart lost its dominant position in the American retail industry.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper contains a decomposition of profit change into meaningful economic drivers using a methodology that combines frontier analysis with index number theory. The empirical analysis is complemented with a description of Kmart’s business model produced from corporate documents and other sources.

Findings
A quantification of Kmart’s business model performance expressed in monetary terms. This assessment is presented by CEO tenures showing the contribution of different economic drivers to the evolution of profits.

Practical implications
The study’s empirical results highlight the importance of the correct implementation of all aspects of the business model in order to achieve success.

Originality/value
This paper presents a new empirical framework to assess business model performance. Despite Kmart’s important role in American discount retailing history there have been very few studies that have analyzed its downfall. This paper contributes by filling that gap.
Parental values in the UK
Authors: Baker William , Barg Katherin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article investigates the extent to which parental values differ between social groups in the UK at the start of the twenty‐first century. The study of parental values is an important area of sociological enquiry that can inform scholarship from across the social sciences concerned with educational inequality and cultural variability in family life. We draw on data from the Millennium Cohort Study to show how parent’s social class, religion, religiosity, race and ethnicity, and education are related to the qualities they would like their children to have. Our rank‐ordered regression models show that parents in service class occupations place significantly more importance on ‘thinking for self’ than ‘obey parents’ compared to those in routine manual occupations. We also show that although class matters, the relationship between education and parental values is particularly strong. Parenting values also differ by parental racial and ethnic background and by levels of religiosity.
Mapping Illegality: The i‐Map and the Cartopolitics of “Migration Management” at a Distance
Authors: Cobarrubias Sebastian 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCartographies for “migration management” are part and parcel of controversial border practices far from conventional borderlines. Focusing on the i‐Map, this study renders how the European Union's current practices of remote border control are visualised among migration policy circles and expert security actors through a “mapping migration matrix”. The lines portraying migration flows in recurrent maps generate a shared expert language and a common geographical imaginary reinforcing practices of contention and classification of those assumed to move toward the European Union irregularly. It is argued that illegality is constructed in ways that target border crossing long before any border is crossed, making someoneillegalat the very moment and place where s/he might decide to migrate. This paper analyses the cartopolitics and limits of cartographic expertise in the production of a “routes thinking” able to legitimise extra‐territorial interceptions and practices of remote border control.
Cuttlefish: Color Mapping for Dynamic Multi‐Scale Visualizations
Authors: Waldin N. , Waldner M. , Le Muzic M. , Gröller E. , Goodsell D. S. , Autin L. , Olson A. J. , Viola I. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractVisualizations of hierarchical data can often be explored interactively. For example, in geographic visualization, there are continents, which can be subdivided into countries, states, counties and cities. Similarly, in models of viruses or bacteria at the highest level are the compartments, and below that are macromolecules, secondary structures (such as α‐helices), amino‐acids, and on the finest level atoms. Distinguishing between items can be assisted through the use of color at all levels. However, currently, there are no hierarchical and adaptive color mapping techniques for very large multi‐scale visualizations that can be explored interactively. We present a novel, multi‐scale, color‐mapping technique for adaptively adjusting the color scheme to the current view and scale. Color is treated as a resource and is smoothly redistributed. The distribution adjusts to the scale of the currently observed detail and maximizes the color range utilization given current viewing requirements. Thus, we ensure that the user is able to distinguish items on any level, even if the color is not constant for a particular feature. The coloring technique is demonstrated for a political map and a mesoscale structural model of HIV. The technique has been tested by users with expertise in structural biology and was overall well received.
Indexing left ventricular wall thickness to body surface area improves prognostic value
Authors: LaBounty Troy M. , Bach David S. , Bossone Eduardo , Kolias Theodore J. 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundGuidelines provide normal ranges of left ventricular (LV) wall thicknesses (WT) without indexing. We hypothesized that indexing WT to body surface area (BSA) improves prognostic value.MethodsWe examined the relationship between WT and BSA in 9737 patients undergoing echocardiography without risk factors for LV hypertrophy other than obesity. We compared WT to BSA and examined the relationship of WT and LV mass index (LVMI) to mortality.ResultsThere is a linear relationship between BSA and septal and posterior WT (r = 0.38, P < 0.001 for each). Higher quartiles of BSA were associated with increased WT (P < 0.001). After adjusting for age and gender, greater mean WT (MWT) (Hazards Ratio [HR] 1.10 per mm, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.04–1.16, P = 0.001, C‐statistic 0.66), LVMI (HR 1.01, 95% CI 1.001–1.01, P = 0.01, C‐statistic 0.66), and indexed MWT (HR 1.34 per mm/m2, 95% CI 1.23–1.47, P < 0.001, C‐statistic 0.67) are each associated with increased mortality, with indexed MWT having the highest prognostic value. Each decile of indexed MWT ≥8th decile was associated with increased mortality compared to the 1st decile (P < 0.01 for each). Individuals with indexed MWT ≥8th decile (≥5.0 mm/m2) had increased adjusted mortality (HR 1.67, 95% CI 1.43–1.94, P < 0.001, C‐statistic 0.67); this had improved prognostic value over guideline definitions of increased MWT (C‐statistic 0.66) or LVMI (P = NS).ConclusionsWe observe a linear relationship between BSA and WT. Indexing WT improves mortality prediction over LVMI and nonindexed WT. These findings support indexing WT to BSA.
Institutions for private sector development and pro‐poor growth: Evidence from Vietnam
Authors: Hoang Trung X. , Pham Cong S. , Ulubaşoğlu Mehmet A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractUsing the Vietnam Household Living Standards Survey 2008, we explore the differences in pro‐poor growth performance in provinces in Vietnam according to the quality of the provinces’ institutions that support private sector activity. We exploit the localized and varying effect of French colonial legacy across Vietnamese provinces to address the endogeneity of institutions. We find strong and robust evidence of a positive effect of good‐quality institutions that support private sector activity on pro‐poor growth and that enhanced working hours and hourly wage and extended income from non‐farm self‐employment play critical roles in this outcome.
Does ethnic diversity decrease economic interactions? Evidence from exchange networks in rural Gambia
Authors: Arcand Jean‐Louis , Jaimovich Dany 
Published: March 2019

AbstractUsing a unique dataset collected in 59 rural Gambian villages, we study how ethnic heterogeneity is related to the structure of four economic exchange networks: land, labour, inputs and credit. We find that different measures of village‐level ethnic fragmentation are mostly uncorrelated with network structure. At a more disaggregated level, household heads belonging to ethnic minorities are not less central than those from the predominant ethnicity in any of the networks and, at the dyadic level, the fact that two households share ethnicity is not an economically significant predictor of link formation. Our results indicate that, in the particular setting of our study, the structure of the exchange networks is better defined by other variables than ethnicity and that ethnic heterogeneity is unlikely to be a driver for sub‐optimal economic exchanges.
Mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease: Characterization and impact on quality of life according to subtype
Authors: Vasconcellos Luiz Felipe R , Pereira João S , Charchat‐Fichman Helenice , Greca Denise , Cruz Manuela , Blum Ana Lara , Spitz Mariana 
Published: March 2019

AimMild cognitive impairment (MCI) was initially described as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Because of differences in baseline cognitive abilities, MCI in Parkinson's disease (PD; PD‐MCI) requires distinct neuropsychological criteria for diagnosis and follow up. In addition to representing a risk factor for PD‐related dementia, PD‐MCI results in higher morbidity, which can be reduced through early detection. The aim of the present study was to gather data regarding MCI subtypes from neuropsychological profiles and clinical features in PD patients, to evaluate its impact on patients’ quality of life according to subtype, and to compare the data with a control (Co) group.MethodA total of 149 individuals were selected: 81 controls and 60 patients diagnosed with PD according to the United Kingdom Parkinson's Disease Society Brain Bank criteria. All individuals were submitted to neurological and neuropsychological assessments.ResultsThe amnestic subtype of MCI was the most common in both the PD and Co groups. PD patients showed greater impairment in MCI than the Co group. The amnestic subtype of PD‐MCI was associated with a lower quality of life compared with the non‐amnestic group.ConclusionsThe PD group showed worse cognitive performance than the Co group. The amnestic subtype of PD‐MCI was associated with the greatest impairment of quality of life. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 497–502.
The Embase UK filter: validation of a geographic search filter to retrieve research about the UK from OVID Embase
Authors: Ayiku Lynda , Levay Paul , Hudson Thomas , Craven Jenny , Finnegan Amy , Adams Rachel , Barrett Elizabeth 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe authors developed a validated geographic search filter to retrieve research about the United Kingdom (UK) from OVID Embase. It was created to be used alongside their previously published OVID MEDLINE UK filter in systematic literature searches for context‐sensitive topics.ObjectivesTo develop a validated geographic search filter to retrieve research about the UK from OVID Embase.MethodsThe Embase UK filter was translated from the MEDLINE UK filter. A gold standard set of references was generated using the relative recall method. The set contained references to publications about the UK that had informed National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidance and it was used to validate the filter. Recall, precision and number‐needed‐to‐read (NNR) were calculated using a case study.ResultsThe validated Embase UK filter demonstrated 99.8% recall against the references with UK identifiers in the gold standard set. In the case study, the Embase UK filter demonstrated 98.5% recall, 7.6% precision and a NNR of 13.ConclusionThe Embase UK filter can be used alongside the MEDLINE UK filter. The filters have the potential to save time and associated resource costs when they are used for context‐sensitive topics that require research about UK settings.
A core role for cognitive processes in the acute onset and maintenance of post‐traumatic stress in children and adolescents
Authors: Meiser‐Stedman Richard , McKinnon Anna , Dixon Clare , Boyle Adrian , Smith Patrick , Dalgleish Tim 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundPost‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common reaction to trauma in children and adolescents. While a significant minority of trauma‐exposed youth go on to have persistent PTSD, many youths who initially have a severe traumatic stress response undergo natural recovery. The present study investigated the role of cognitive processes in shaping the early reactions of child and adolescents to traumatic stressors, and the transition to persistent clinically significant post‐traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS).MethodsA prospective longitudinal study of youth aged 8–17 years who had attended a hospital emergency department following single trauma was undertaken, with assessments performed at 2–4 weeks (N = 226) and 2 months (N = 208) post‐trauma. Acute stress disorder and PTSD were assessed using a structured interview, while PTSS, depression severity and peritraumatic and post‐traumatic cognitive processes were assessed using self‐report questionnaires. On the basis of their PTSS scores at each assessment, participants were categorised as being on a resilient, recovery or persistent trajectory.ResultsPTSS decreased between the two assessments. Cognitive processes at the 2‐ to 4‐week assessment accounted for the most variance in PTSS at both the initial and follow‐up assessment. The onset of post‐traumatic stress was associated particularly with peritraumatic subjective threat, data‐driven processing and pain. Its maintenance was associated with greater peritraumatic dissociation and panic, and post‐traumatic persistent dissociation, trauma memory quality, rumination and negative appraisals. Efforts to deliberately process the trauma were more common in youth who experienced the onset of clinically significant PTSS. Regression modelling indicated that the predictive effect of baseline negative appraisals remained when also accounting for baseline PTSS and depression.ConclusionsCognitive processes play an important role in the onset and maintenance of PTSS in children and adolescents exposed to trauma. Trauma‐related appraisals play a particular role when considering whether youth make the transition from clinically significant acute PTSS to persistent PTSS.
Attitudes towards and experiences of ethical dilemmas in treatment decision‐making process among medical oncologists
Authors: Demir Kureci Hatice , Tanriverdi Ozgur , Ozcan Muesser 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimThis study aimed to evaluate the attitudes towards and experiences of ethical dilemmas in the treatment decision‐making process among medical oncologists who are the members of the Turkish Society of Medical Oncology.Materials and methodsA questionnaire was developed based on related literature. Between April 1 and May 1, 2016, questionnaires were electronically sent to 412 medical oncologists who were the members of the Turkish Society of Medical Oncology. Overall, 125 of 412 medical oncologists (30.33%) filled the questionnaire.ResultsMost medical oncologists encountered dilemmas, such as a lack of comprehension among the patients and family members regarding the information provided, a lack of clarity regarding the identity and role of individuals in the decision‐making process, and demands for futile treatment. The most common problem (70.4%) was the lack of available clinical ethics consultancy services to guide medical oncologists when facing an ethical dilemma. Legal concerns regarding withholding or withdrawing futile treatments were high. More than half of the medical oncologists (56.8%) reported the preservation of the quality of life as their primary professional duty.ConclusionOur results demonstrate that medical oncologists tend to adopt an approach that respects patient autonomy and that adheres to the principle of proportionality rather than a paternalistic approach when facing ethical dilemmas. Within this context, we suggest an increased use of a multidisciplinary team approach, ethics consultancy services, and training programmes as well as the publication of ethical guidelines tailored to the oncology field.
Efficacy and safety of platelet‐rich plasma in treating cutaneous ulceration: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Shen Zhen , Zheng Shengpeng , Chen Guoqian , Li Ding , Jiang Ziwei , Li Yue , Huang Feng 
Published: March 2019

SummaryBackgroundThe biological mechanisms underlying the use of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP), as well as the efficacy and possible adverse effects of PRP, have not yet been fully elucidated. Prior studies have evaluated PRP for cutaneous ulceration. However, the benefits from PRP still remain controversial and few have assessed the effects of ulceration etiologies. The purpose of our study is to determine the efficacy and safety of PRP and which kind of ulcer is more suitable for PRP by analyzing the effects of PRP on ulcers with different causes.MethodsA comprehensive search was performed to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding the application of PRP from PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library. The data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.3.ResultsA total of nineteen RCTs (909 patients) were included. In contrast with conventional treatments, PRP achieved higher healing rate, higher percentage of area reduction, and smaller final area in vascular ulcers. However, the advantage disappeared in diabetic and pressure ulcers. Concerning adverse events, PRP showed lower incidence in the short term, but higher in the long term. No significant differences were found in ulcer closure velocity and healing time.ConclusionPlatelet‐rich plasma effectiveness and safety in treating cutaneous ulceration depend on what is the ulceration etiology. For diabetic ulcers, PRP showed no satisfactory results suggesting that PRP may not be suitable for diabetic patients. However, PRP could be efficient and more beneficial for vascular ulcers and effects on pressure ulcers remain unclear. Thus, PRP option should be carefully considered for each patient in accordance with their ulceration etiologies.
Different Paths: The Role of Immigrant Assimilation on Neighborhood Crime*
Authors: Disha Ilir 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveThis article considers immigration a process that extends beyond numerical size. Processes of assimilation alter the effect of immigration on crime. That means the study is not concerned with direct but with contingent effects. The goal is to demonstrate how paths of segmented assimilation modify the effect of immigration on crime.MethodsCombining a data set on neighborhood crime with U.S. Census demographic indicators, this study relies on zero‐inflated negative binomial regression models to examine variation in neighborhood levels of homicide and property offenses as a consequence of interactions between immigration size and assimilation patterns.Results and DiscussionImmigrant assimilation moderates the effect of immigration size on crime. Controlling for neighborhood disadvantage, when the probability of downward assimilation is high, immigration size reduces neighborhood safety. When the probability is low, immigration size enhances it. The effects are more robust for homicide regression models with recent immigrants and immigrants with limited linguistic skills.ConclusionThe analyses highlight the benefits of contingent models for understanding the relationship between immigration and crime.
A Model of Adaptive Accountability for Innovations in an Academic Institution
Authors: Jamal Abu-Hussain , Tilchin Oleg 
Published: March 2019

An academic institution has to encourage an innovation activity in order to meet the requirements of a modern, dynamic, and competitive environment. The innovation activity of the institution is engendered by instructors’ innovative intentions to create and assess the innovation proposals. However, there are challenges that prevents realization of the innovative intentions. The challenges are caused by lack a model that would shape process of revealing the effective proposals and building accountability for their development. The ASVA model including components “Accountability”, “Submission”, “Valuation”, and “Awarding” is suggested. The model provides: creation and assessment of the innovation proposals by the instructors, determination of the instructors’ accountability measures for development of the innovation proposals, adaptation of the instructors’ accountability measures to the values of the innovation proposals, revelation of the key instructors who are creators the most valuable innovation proposals for attaining the current aim of the institution, formation of flexible collaboration groups by taking into consideration of willingness and ability of the proposal’s valuators to share accountability for the innovation proposal development with the proposal creator, and adjustment of the size of award received by the instructors to the values of the innovation proposals.