bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wasted paradise? Policies for Small Island States to manage tourism‐driven growth while controlling waste generation: the case of the Maldives
Authors: Kapmeier Florian , Gonçalves Paulo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSmall Island Developing States (SIDS) face tension between economic growth and environmental impact. Tourism fuels growth, but the resulting solid waste and other pollutants threaten the SIDS’ natural beauty, quality of life for residents, attractiveness to tourists, and economic success. We assess the tension between tourism‐driven economic growth and environmental degradation from a limits‐to‐growth perspective, developing a generic system dynamics model of the problem using 38 years of data from the Maldives to estimate parameters and Monte‐Carlo methods to assess the sensitivity of results to uncertainty. We contrast development paths for the next three decades under three sets of policies focusing on promoting growth, managing tourism demand–supply balance, and improving waste management. Findings are counterintuitive; policies focused on better waste management alone are self‐defeating, because they increase tourism, growth and waste generation, undermining attractiveness and growth later. Policies that limit tourism demand improve economic and environmental health.© 2018 System Dynamics Society
Optical Temperature Sensors Based On Europium(III) Beta‐Diketonate Complexes Chemically Bonded To Functionalized Polydimethylsiloxane
Authors: Gaspar Rafael D. L. , Fortes Paula R. , Mazali Italo O. , Sigoli Fernando A. , Raimundo Ivo M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNew luminescent temperature probes were synthesized based on the dispersion of the europium(III) [Eu(tta)3(H2O)2] complex (tta=thenoyltrifluoroacetonate), and the covalent bond of europium(III) [Eu(tta)3(adppo)(H2O)] and [Eu(tta)3(adppo)2] (adppo=allyldiphenylphosphine oxide) complexes by the hydroslylilation reaction between the allyl group and the hydride terminal polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Phosphine oxide coordination to the europium(III) ion increases the lifetime values and changes the emission profile to a more symmetrical europium(III) chemical environment. The membranes shows a decrease in lifetime values with the increase of temperature, and the dynamic range of the luminescent membranes shifts to higher temperatures by successive substitution of water molecules for the phosphine oxide ligand. Sensitivities of 6.76, 7.80 and 8.35 μS C−1 were obtained for the membranes containing the [Eu(tta)3(H2O)2], [Eu(tta)3(adppo)(H2O)] and [Eu(tta)3(adppo)2] complexes, respectively. Low oxygen cross sensitivity are observable in the membranes containing the coordinated adppo molecule, allowing their use in multiparametric sensors.
The Use of Rutile‐ and Anatase‐Titania Layers towards Back Light Scattering in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Muhammad Niaz , Zanoni Kassio Papi Silva , Iha Neyde Yukie Murakami , Ahmed Safeer 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDye‐sensitized solar cells (DSCs) with nanocrystalline TiO2 (NCT) particles (ca. 20 nm) as foundation layer and mesoporous anatase phase microspheres (AMT) or rutile phase microspheres (RMT), as the back light‐scattering layer, were fabricated. The phase‐pure AMT, 0.42 μm or RMT particles, 0.50 μm were obtained at 500 oC and 900 oC, respectively. The DSCs employing NCT/AMT and NCT/RMT bi‐layered films depicted power conversion efficiencies of 5.9% and 6.3%, respectively, compared to 4.0% of DSCs with only NCT films. The efficiencies were improved up to 9.0% after depositing compact nano‐TiO2 layers beneath the NCT film. The optical and electrochemical investigations of the DSCs quantitatively elucidated, through longer electron life time and enhanced back light scattering, the substantial improvement in power conversion efficiency to the texture tuning of titania films, in particular by the rutile phase.
One‐Pot Preparation of Ni2P/γ‐Al2O3 Catalyst for Dehydrogenation of Propane to Propylene
Authors: Yao Yue , Zuo Miaoguo , Zhou Hualan , Li Jianyong , Shao Huaiqi , Jiang Tao , Liao Xiaoyuan , Lu Shuxiang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe γ‐Al2O3 supported Ni2P catalysts for propane dehydrogenation were prepared by one‐pot method and evaluated to study the platinum‐like behaviour of Ni2P. The catalysts were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy‐dispersive X‐ray Spectrometer (EDS), N2 adsorption at −196 oC and temperature‐programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3‐TPD). Results show that Ni2P is beneficial to the catalytic stability. It exhibits higher conversion for PDH of 23.8% and propylene selectivity of 74.4%.
Supramolecular Binding of bis‐naphthalene Cleft based Molecular Tubes
Authors: Lande Dipali N. , Gejji Shridhar P. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe endo‐functionalized bis‐urea molecular tubes having the rigid bis‐naphthalene cleft aligned parallel or antiparallel to each other yield syn (SBU) and anti (ABU) configurational isomers which exhibit remarkable selectivity toward guest binding. In the present work the noncovalent binding from SBU and ABU receptors with heterocyclic guests viz., pyridine (py) and pyrazine (pz) is unveiled through the density functional theory. The complexation is spontaneous, thermodynamically favorable and facilitated via N−H⋅⋅⋅N hydrogen bonding, C−H⋅⋅⋅π and other non‐covalent interactions. The coexistence of multiple intermolecular interactions reflects in the infrared and 1H NMR spectra. The ‘frequency shift’ of the characteristic vibrations accompanying the complexation is rationalized. Encapsulation of py or pz within π‐electron rich cavity of the ABU led to shielding of the guest protons while hydrogen bonded protons engender downfield signals in the calculated 1H NMR spectra.
Electrochemical and Dip‐Coating Synthesis of Dendritic Cu/CuI Nanowire Films and Their Application in Dye Degradation Under UV Irradiation
Authors: Berhe Abrha , Ujihara Masaki 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFilms of dendritic Cu/CuI nanowires were prepared on indium‐doped tin oxide substrates through the electrochemical deposition of Cu nanowires followed by the layer formation of CuI on the nanowires by a dip‐coating technique. The morphology and crystallinity of the dendritic Cu nanowires and Cu/CuI nanowires were characterized by field‐emission scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. The photocatalysis of the Cu/CuI nanowires was monitored by the degradation of methylene blue in aqueous solution under UV‐light irradiation (λ ≈ 365 nm). The as‐prepared Cu/CuI nanowires exhibited a photocatalytic activity 5.3 times greater than that of a simple CuI film, and the photocatalytic activity showed a bell‐shaped dependence on the dip‐coating time. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of the Cu/CuI nanowires was attributed to their high adsorption capacity and enhanced electron transport. These results are useful for designing metal/semiconductor nanocomposites for high‐efficiency photocatalytic applications.
Possibility of Dielectric Material: Magnetic Resonance Study of Oxo‐Bridged Dinuclear Ruthenium Mixed‐Valence Complex
Authors: Nakamura Toshikazu , Asada Mizue , Yoshida Masaki , Kondo Mio , Masaoka Shigeyuki 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSolid‐state broad line 1H‐NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) and ESR (electron spin resonance) were performed for an oxo‐bridged dinuclear ruthenium [RuORu]5+ (Ru3.5+ORu3.5+) mixed‐valence complex. The 1H‐NMR spin‐lattice relaxation rate T1−1 was significantly enhanced, to below 100 K with a peak at approximately 33 K. The T1−1 peak temperature was frequency‐independent, indicating that this anomaly is a possible phase transition. Below approximately 40 K, an abrupt decrease of 1H‐NMR spin‐spin relaxation time T2 provides evidence of the appearance of inequivalent 1H‐sites (sudden decrease in symmetry). ESR spectra suddenly disappeared above 35 K. The electronic properties and possible charge ordering (Ru3+ORu4+) states in this mixed‐valence compound are discussed from a microscopic point of view.
Multifunctional, Superelastic, and Lightweight MXene/Polyimide Aerogels
Authors: Liu Ji , Zhang Hao‐Bin , Xie Xi , Yang Rui , Liu Zhangshuo , Liu Yafeng , Yu Zhong‐Zhen 
Published: October 2018

Abstract2D transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) have gained extensive attention recently due to their versatile surface chemistry, layered structure, and intriguing properties. The assembly of MXene sheets into macroscopic architectures is an important approach to harness their extraordinary properties. However, it is difficult to construct a freestanding, mechanically flexible, and 3D framework of MXene sheets owing to their weak intersheet interactions. Herein, an interfacial enhancement strategy to construct multifunctional, superelastic, and lightweight 3D MXene architectures by bridging individual MXene sheets with polyimide macromolecules is developed. The resulting lightweight aerogel exhibits superelasticity with large reversible compressibility, excellent fatigue resistance (1000 cycles at 50% strain), 20% reversible stretchability, and high electrical conductivity of ≈4.0 S m−1. The outstanding mechanical flexibility and electrical conductivity make the aerogel promising for damping, microwave absorption coating, and flexible strain sensor. More interestingly, an exceptional microwave absorption performance with a maximum reflection loss of −45.4 dB at 9.59 GHz and a wide effective absorption bandwidth of 5.1 GHz are achieved.
Healthcare Leaders Develop Strategies for Expanding National Surgical, Obstetric, and Anaesthesia Plans in WHO AFRO and EMRO Regions
Authors: Albutt Katherine , Sonderman Kristin , Citron Isabelle , Nthele Mzaza , Bekele Abebe , Makasa Emmanuel , Maongezi Sarah , Rwamasirabo Emile , Ameh Emmanuel , Andriamanjato Hery Harimanitra , ElSayed Ahmed SA , Smalle Isaac , Tumusiime Prosper , Monono Martin Ekeke , Meara John G. , Johnson Walter 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundWorldwide, five billion people lack access to safe, affordable surgical, obstetric, and anaesthesia (SOA) care when needed. In many countries, a growing commitment to SOA care is culminating in the development of national surgical, obstetric, and anaesthesia plans (NSOAPs) that are fully embedded in the National Health Strategic Plan. This manuscript highlights the content and outputs from a World Health Organization (WHO) lead workshop that supported country‐led plans for improving SOA care as a component of health system strengthening.MethodsIn March 2018, a group of 79 high‐level global SOA stakeholders from 25 countries in the WHO AFRO and EMRO regions gathered in Dubai to provide technical and strategic guidance for the creation and expansion of NSOAPs.ResultsDrawing on the experience and expertise of represented countries that are at different stages of the NSOAP process, topics covered included (1) the global burden of surgical, obstetric, and anaesthetic conditions; (2) the key principles and components of NSOAP development; (3) the critical evaluation and feasibility of different models of NSOAP implementation; and (4) innovative financing mechanisms to fund NSOAPs.ConclusionsLessons learned include: (1) there is unmet need for the establishment of an NSOAP community in order to provide technical support, expertise, and mentorship at a regional level; (2) data should be used to inform future priorities, for monitoring and evaluation and to showcase advances in care following NSOAP implementation; and (3) SOA health system strengthening must be uniquely prioritized and not hidden within other health strategies.
Interstate Migration and Employer-to-Employer Transitions in the United States: New Evidence From Administrative Records Data
Authors: Hyatt Henry , McEntarfer Erika , Ueda Ken , Zhang Alexandria 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Declines in migration across labor markets have prompted concerns that the U.S. economy is becoming less dynamic. In this study, we examine the relationship between residential migration and employer-to-employer transitions in the United States, using both survey and administrative records data. We first note strong disagreement between the Current Population Survey (CPS) and other migration statistics on the timing and severity of any decline in U.S. interstate migration. Despite these divergent patterns for overall residential migration, we find consistent evidence of a substantial decline in economic migration between 2000 and 2010. We find that composition and the returns to migration have limited ability to explain recent changes in interstate migration.
How clinicians integrate humanism in their clinical workplace—‘Just trying to put myself in their human being shoes’
Authors: Des Ordons Amanda Lee Roze , De Groot Janet Margaret , Rosenal Tom , Viceer Nazia , Nixon Lara 
Published: October 2018

Introduction Humanism has been identified as an important contributor to patient care and physician wellness; however, what humanism means in the context of medicine has been limited by opinion and a focus on personal characteristics. Our aim was to describe attitudes and behaviours that enable clinicians to integrate humanism within the clinical setting.
Methods We conducted semi-structured individual interviews with ten clinical faculty to explore how they enact and experience humanism in patient care and clinical teaching. Interpretive description was used to analyze the data qualitatively.
Results Humanism in medicine was described through five themes representing core attitudes and behaviours: whole person care, valuing, perspective-taking, recognizing universality, and relational focus. Whole person care involved recognizing the multiple dimensions of personhood and sensitivity to others’ needs; valuing involved respecting and appreciating others; perspective-taking consisted of considering others’ perspectives, suspending judgment, and listening; recognizing universality involved acknowledging the shared human condition, finding common ground, transcending roles, and humility; and relational focus was described through multiple relationships between patients, families, clinicians and learners, becoming part of another’s story, reciprocal influence, and accompaniment.
Conclusions Whereas previous descriptions of humanism have focused on clinicians’ personal qualities, our research describes a number of attitudinal and behavioural foundations of humanistic care and teaching, grounded in the experiences of clinical faculty. In drawing attention to the holistic and relational elements of humanism, our work highlights how these foundational elements can be more explicitly integrated into patient care, workplace culture, and clinical education.
Age, Gender and Mechanism of Injury Interactions in Post-Concussion Syndrome
Authors: Varriano Brenda , Tomlinson George , Tarazi Apameh , Wennberg Richard , Tator Charles , Tartaglia Maria Carmela 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundCertain factors such as age and gender seem to affect the risk of developing post-concussion syndrome (PCS). We assessed the interactions between age, gender, concussion history and mechanism of injury in PCS patients so that a better understanding could guide the development of targeted prevention strategies.MethodsDemographic data including age, gender, concussion mechanism of injury and concussion history were collected from (1) a prospective study evaluating PCS biomarkers and (2) a retrospective chart review of PCS patients. A total of 437 PCS patients who were assessed at the Canadian Concussion Centre or Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, were included.ResultsOverall, there were more men with PCS; however, a greater percentage of women had PCS after a single concussion. The results showed that age, gender and concussion history are conditionally dependent on the mechanism of injury, and independent of one another. The relative frequency of having PCS was greater in the following instances: (1) being a woman and having had concussion from a fall or motor vehicle collision (MVC), (2) being older and having had concussion from a fall or MVC or (3) having a single concussion with cause being MVC or fall.ConclusionIn patients with PCS, age and gender interact with the mechanism of injury to influence the risk of concussion. Targeted prevention strategies may be essential to prevent injuries leading to PCS.
CHARACTERIZING n-ISOCLINIC CLASSES OF CROSSED MODULES
Authors: RAVANBOD HAJAR , SALEMKAR ALI REZA , TALEBTASH SAJEDEH 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce the notion of the equivalence relation, calledn-isoclinism, between crossed modules of groups, and give some basic properties of this notion. In particular, we obtain some criteria under which crossed modules aren-isoclinic. Also, we present the notion ofn-stem crossed module and, under some conditions, determine them within ann-isoclinism class.
Observations on the tubicolous annelidMagelona alleni(Magelonidae), with discussions on the relationship between morphology and behaviour of European magelonids
Authors: Mills Kimberley , Mortimer Kate 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFeeding, defecation, palp behaviour and motility of the tubicolous annelid,Magelona alleniwere observed in a laboratory environment. Both surface deposit, and to a lesser extent, suspension feeding were exhibited, with the ingestion of sand grains, and of smaller amounts of foraminiferans and administered commercially available suspension. Predominantly sand could be seen moving through the gut, resulting in conspicuous defecation, not previously observed in other magelonid species. During this ‘sand expulsion’ behaviour, individuals turned around in a network of branched burrows. The posterior was extended from the burrow and substantial amounts of sand were expelled in a string-like formation, involving mucus. The posterior morphology ofM. allenidiffers greatly compared with other European magelonid species, in possessing a large terminal anus, likely related to its diet. In contrast to what has been recorded for other magelonids,M. alleniappears predominately non-selective. The current paper adds credence to the idea that multiple feeding modes exist within the family. Tube-lined burrows were observed to be primarily permanent, and motility of the species reduced in comparison to other magelonids. The differences noted betweenM. alleniand other species is most likely linked to its tubicolous lifestyle. The effect of environmental parameters on observed behaviours is discussed.
The limitations of equivalence and non-inferiority trials
Authors: Rief Winfried , Hofmann Stefan G. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEquivalence and non-inferiority trials are becoming more and more popular. Typically, they compare the effects of a treatment of interest with the current gold-standard treatment as the comparator. However, for this approach, the definition of equivalence or non-inferiority margins (NIM) is crucial, and no clear rules for their definition exist. We criticized the practice of these trials of being over-inflationary in favor of (erroneous) equivalence, and we outlined our critique with some study examples comparing psychodynamic treatments with current first-line treatments for mental disorders. Here we answer to a commentary of Leichsenring et al. to our paper. Although focusing on our commentary, these authors are less arguing against our conclusions, but they address issues of study conduct, and lack of appreciation of our examples. However, the crucial question is: What is the risk of erroneous equivalence conclusions that we want to accept as responsible clinicians and scientists? We conclude that the scientific community has to define better and clearer criteria for NIMs. We do not believe that it is ethically justifiable to recommend a treatment that is 10 or 20% less effective than the current gold standard interventions.
German children’s processing of morphosyntactic cues inwh-questions
Authors: SCHOUWENAARS ATTY , HENDRIKS PETRA , RUIGENDIJK ESTHER 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTTwo experiments investigated the effects of case and verb agreement cues on the comprehension and production ofwhich-questions in typically developing German children (aged 7–10) and adults. Our aims were to determine (a) whether they make use of morphosyntactic cues (case marking and verb agreement) for the comprehension ofwhich-questions, (b) how these questions are processed, and (c) whether the presence and position of morphosyntactic cues available for the listener influence the speaker’s production ofwhich-questions. Performance on a picture selection task with eye tracking shows that children with low working memory make less use of morphosyntactic cues than children with high working memory and adults when interpreting object questions. Gaze data of both groups reveal garden-path effects and revisions for object and passive questions, which can be explained by a constraint-based account. Furthermore, children’s difficulties with object questions are related to the type of disambiguation cue. In a question elicitation task with patient-initial items, children overall prefer production of passives, whereas adults’ productions depend on the availability of disambiguation cues for the listener.
The emergence and utilisation of frailty in the United Kingdom: a contemporary biopolitical practice
Authors: Tomkow Louise 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFrailty has recently emerged as a dominant concept against a backdrop of media and governmental narratives that frame the growing ageing population as an economic threat to the current configuration of health care in the United Kingdom (UK). Despite frailty's popularity amongst geriatricians and policy makers, the concept faces resistance from other health-care professionals and older people themselves. This paper draws on the Foucauldian idea of biopower; by suggesting that the contemporary emergence and utilisation of frailty represents a biopolitical practice a number or critical observations are made. First, despite biomedical experts acknowledging ambiguities in the definition of frailty, the concept is presented as a truth discourse. This is driven by the ability of frailty measurements to predict risk of costly adverse outcomes; the capability of frailty scores to enumerate complex needs; and the scientific legitimacy frailty affords to geriatric medicine. Consequently, frailty has become pervasive, knowable and measurable. Second, the routine delineation between frail and robust objectifies older people, and can be said to benefit those making the diagnosis over those being labelled frail, with the latter becoming disempowered. Last, studies show that frailty is associated with increasing wealth inequalities in the UK; however, experts’ suggested management of frailty shifts the focus of responsibility away from ideologically driven structural inequalities towards the frail older person, attempting to encourage individuals to modify lifestyle choices. This neglects the association between lifestyle opportunities and socio-economic deprivation, and the impact of long-term poverty on health. These observations, set against the contemporary political climate of economic austerity, cuts to public services and rationalisation of health resources, bring the urgency of a critical consideration of frailty to the fore.
WAS THERE A 17THCENTURY CRISIS IN SPANISH AMERICA?
Authors: Klein Herbert S. , Serrano Hernández Sergio T. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTraditional historical literature has stressed a generalised crisis throughout the world in the 17thcentury. First proposed for Europe with its numerous dynastic, religious and state conflicts, it has now been expanded to include Asia and the Middle East as well. It was also assumed that there was a significant crisis in the Americas, a theme which until recently has dominated the traditional literature. The claim that there was such a crisis was based on a series of classic studies by Earl J. Hamilton, Chaunu and Borah, among others. But new research has challenged this hypothesis and we will examine both these new studies as well as offering our own research findings on this subject.