bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Satellite‐Based Identification of Large Anthropogenic NMVOC Emission Sources
Authors: Franco B. , Clarisse L. , Van Damme M. , Hadji‐Lazaro J. , Clerbaux C. , Coheur P. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNonmethane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) emitted in excess from anthropogenic sources significantly contribute to the formation of harmful pollutants, thereby degrading air quality. While satellite measurements have become valuable tools for tracking anthropogenic emitters, they have primarily targeted inorganic species and methane (). This study demonstrates the potential of infrared atmospheric sounding interferometers (IASI) to detect anthropogenic NMVOC point sources on a global scale. Using an advanced oversampling technique, we enhance the spatial resolution of IASI measurements to identify emitters of three major NMVOCs: methanol (OH), acetylene (), and propylene (). These point sources are primarily associated with chemical and petrochemical facilities, coal‐burning activities, metallurgy, pharmaceutical manufacturing sites, and megacities. We also highlight the value of combining IASI measurements of NMVOCs with those of the inorganic species, such as sulfur dioxide () and ammonia (), to aid in the identification of anthropogenic point sources.
Spectral Analysis of the Morphology of Fresh Lunar Craters I: Rim Crest, Floor, and Rim Flank Outlines
Authors: Du Jun , Minton David A. , Blevins Austin M. , Fassett Caleb I. , Huang Ya‐Huei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe morphology of fresh lunar craters contains information about the physical properties of both the impactors and the lunar surface, and is therefore crucial to our knowledge of the impact cratering process. Spectral analysis is a powerful tool to study crater morphology, as it can reveal the topographic variation on different scales. In this study, we calculate the power spectral densities of the radial distance and elevation of the rim crest, floor, and rim flank outlines of fresh lunar craters. The resulting power spectral density can be decomposed into an average component and a natural variability component. For the average component, we derive the classic morphometric parameter‐crater diameter relations that are consistent with previous studies. For the natural variability component, we find that in general the spectral power increases with wavelength, which can be fitted by a piecewise function with four breakpoints. Among the four breakpoints, the power of the third breakpoint (i.e., the degree‐2 power) is of particular interest, as it determines the ellipticity of the outline. The power of the third breakpoint is found to have a diameter dependence with a peak at 20 km, which indicates that transitional craters are more elliptical than simple and complex craters. The diameter dependence of the power spectral density enables us to generate the synthetic outlines of a crater of a particular size, which can be used to develop a preliminary 3‐dimensional shape model for fresh lunar craters that is useful for improving Monte Carlo modeling of cratered surfaces on the Moon.
A Better Understanding of Atmospheric Methane Sources Using 13CH3D and 12CH2D2 Clumped Isotopes
Authors: Haghnegahdar Mojhgan A. , Hultquist Nicole , Hamovit Nora D. , Yarwood Stephanie A. , Bouyon Amaury , Kaufman Alan J. , Sun Jiayang , Magen Cedric , Farquhar James 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe evaluate the use of clumped isotopes of methane (CH4) to fingerprint local atmospheric sources of methane. We focus on a regenerative stormwater conveyance (RSC) stream wetland site running through the University of Maryland campus, which emits methane due to its engineering. Air samples in the RSC were collected at different heights above the surface and at different times of the day including both early in the morning, after methane accumulated below the nocturnal boundary layer, and late in the afternoon when convection mixed air to the cloud layer. Measured Δ12CH2D2 values of air samples record mixing between locally produced methane with low D/H and ambient air. The Δ12CH2D2 of the near surface air collected at the RSC during the early morning ranges from ∼+23‰ to ∼+35‰ which is lower than the ∼+50‰ values of tropospheric air. Mixing between background air (with Δ12CH2D2 ∼+50‰) and methane captured from chamber and bubble samples, as well as produced in incubation (all with negative Δ12CH2D2), explains the observed values of Δ12CH2D2 and Δ13CH3D of near surface RSC air samples. The effect of mixing with biogenic sources on Δ13CH3D is much smaller. The findings demonstrate how methane isotopologues can be used as a tool not only to fingerprint local contributions to these greenhouse gas emissions but also to identify sources of near‐surface methane hot spots.
Monitoring of Ionospheric Variability Using the Low lAtitude Long Range Ionospheric raDar (LARID): Capabilities, Advantages and Limitations
Authors: Sun Wenjie , Li Guozhu , Ning Baiqi , Hu Lianhuan , Otsuka Yuichi , Dai Guofeng , Xie Haiyong , Zhao Xiukuan , Li Yi , Shinbori Atsuki , Nishioka Michi , Perwitasari Septi , Wang Chi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA Low lAtitude long Range Ionospheric raDar (LARID), which was built recently at Dongfang (19.2°N, 108.8°E, magnetic latitude 13.9°), Hainan Is., China, is employed to study the ionospheric variability over a large region. The LARID consists of two high frequency (HF) coherent backscatter radars, looking toward east and west, respectively, with a field‐of‐view covering a wide longitude from Africa to Pacific. Here we report some results by the LARID, with main focus on its capabilities, advantages and limitations in monitoring ionospheric variability. The results show that the LARID can detect various ionospheric variations at low latitudes, including (a) sequentially generated equatorial plasma bubbles over a longitude span of ∼80°, (b) near‐range E region irregularities drifting across more than 1,000 km, (c) ionospheric background information retrieved from ground scatters, (d) traveling ionospheric disturbances, and (e) sporadic E structures reflecting HF radio waves at low elevation angles. It is demonstrated that the LARID provides an important tool for investigating different types of ionospheric variability over a broad region, especially over the Indian Ocean and west Pacific, and will contribute significantly to the regional ionospheric weather forecasting.
Measuring River Surface Velocity Using UAS‐Borne Doppler Radar
Authors: Zhou Zhen , Riis‐Klinkvort Laura , Jørgensen Emilie Ahrnkiel , Lindenhoff Christine , Frías Monica Coppo , Vesterhauge Alexander Rietz , Olesen Daniel Haugård , Lavish Makar , Dobrovolskiy Alexey , Kadek Alexey , Orlic Niksa , Grubesa Tomislav , Drmić Luka , Grosen Henrik , Nielsen Sune , Wennerberg Daniel , Fagerström Viktor , Axén Jenny , Gustafsson David , Bauer‐Gottwein Peter 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUsing Unoccupied Aerial Systems (UAS) equipped with optical RGB cameras and Doppler radar, surface velocity can be efficiently measured at high spatial resolution. UAS‐borne Doppler radar is particularly attractive because it is suitable for real‐time velocity determination, because the measurement is contactless, and because it has fewer limitations than image velocimetry techniques. In this paper, five cross‐sections (XSs) were surveyed within a 10 km stretch of Rönne River in Sweden. Ground‐truth surface velocity observations were retrieved with an electromagnetic velocity sensor (OTT MF Pro) along the XS at one m spacing. Videos from a UAS RGB camera were analyzed using both Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Space‐Time Image Velocimetry (STIV) techniques. Furthermore, we recorded full waveform signal data using a Doppler radar at multiple waypoints across the river. An algorithm fits two alternative models to the average amplitude curve to derive the correct river surface velocity based on Gaussian models with: (a) one peak, and (b) two peaks. Results indicate that river flow velocity and propwash velocity caused by the drone can be found in XS where the flow velocity is low, while the drone‐induced propwash velocity can be neglected in fast and highly turbulent flows. To verify the river flow velocity derived from Doppler radar, a mean PIV value within the footprint of the Doppler radar at each waypoint was calculated. Finally, quantitative comparisons of OTT MF Pro data with STIV, mean PIV and Doppler radar revealed that UAS‐borne Doppler radar could reliably measure the river surface velocity.
Environmental public health research at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: A blueprint for exposure science in a connected world
Authors: Stanek Lindsay W. , Cascio Wayne E. , Barzyk Timothy M. , Breen Michael S. , DeLuca Nicole M. , Griffin Shannon M. , Melnyk Lisa Jo , Minucci Jeffrey M. , Thomas Kent W. , Tulve Nicolle S. , Weaver Christopher P. , Cohen Hubal Elaine A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Exposure science plays an essential role in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (U.S. EPA) mission to protect human health and the environment. The U.S. EPA’s Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment (CPHEA) within the Office of Research and Development (ORD) provides the exposure science needed to characterize the multifaceted relationships between people and their surroundings in support of national, regional, local and individual-level actions. Furthermore, exposure science research must position its enterprise to tackle the most pressing public health challenges in an ever-changing environment. These challenges include understanding and confronting complex human disease etiologies, disparities in the social environment, and system-level changes in the physical environment. Solutions will sustainably balance and optimize the health of people, animals, and ecosystems. Our objectives for this paper are to review the role of CPHEA exposure science research in various recent decision-making contexts, to present current challenges facing U.S. EPA and the larger exposure science field, and to provide illustrative case examples where CPHEA exposure science is demonstrating the latest methodologies at the intersection of these two motivations. This blueprint provides a foundation for applying exposomic tools and approaches to holistically understand real-world exposures so optimal environmental public health protective actions can be realized within the broader context of a One Health framework.

Impact statement

The U.S. EPA’s Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment exposure research priorities reside at the intersection of environmental decision contexts and broad public health challenges. The blueprint provides a foundation for advancing the tools and approaches to holistically understand real-world exposures so optimal environmental protection actions can be realized. A One Health lens can help shape exposure research for maximum impact to support solutions that are transdisciplinary and must engage multiple sectors.
Association of polygenic liabilities for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder with educational attainment and cognitive aging
Authors: Wu Chi-Shin , Hsu Chia-Lin , Lin Mei-Chen , Su Mei-Hsin , Lin Yen-Feng , Chen Chia-Yen , Hsiao Po-Chang , Pan Yi-Jiun , Chen Pei-Chun , Huang Yen-Tsung , Wang Shi-Heng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTo elucidate the specific and shared genetic background of schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BPD), this study explored the association of polygenic liabilities for SCZ and BPD with educational attainment and cognitive aging. Among 106,806 unrelated community participants from the Taiwan Biobank, we calculated the polygenic risk score (PRS) for SCZ (PRSSCZ) and BPD (PRSBPD), shared PRS between SCZ and BPD (PRSSCZ+BPD), and SCZ-specific PRS (PRSSCZvsBPD). Based on the sign-concordance of the susceptibility variants with SCZ/BPD, PRSSCZ was split into PRSSCZ_concordant/PRSSCZ_discordant, and PRSBPD was split into PRSBPD_concordant/PRSBPD_discordant. Ordinal logistic regression models were used to estimate the association with educational attainment. Linear regression models were used to estimate the associations with cognitive aging (n = 27,005), measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and with MMSE change (n = 6194 with mean follow-up duration of 3.9 y) in individuals aged≥ 60 years. PRSSCZ, PRSBPD, and PRSSCZ+BPD were positively associated with educational attainment, whereas PRSSCZvsBPD was negatively associated with educational attainment. PRSSCZ was negatively associated with MMSE, while PRSBPD was positively associated with MMSE. The concordant and discordant parts of polygenic liabilities have contrasting association, PRSSCZ_concordant and PRSBPD_concordant mainly determined these effects mentioned above. PRSSCZvsBPD predicted decreases in the MMSE scores. Using a large collection of community samples, this study provided evidence for the contrasting effects of polygenic architecture in SCZ and BPD on educational attainment and cognitive aging and suggested that SCZ and BPD were not genetically homogeneous.
UK guidelines for the management of bone sarcomas
Authors: Gerrand Craig , Amary Fernanda , Anwar Hanny A. , Brennan Bernadette , Dileo Palma , Kalkat Maninder Singh , McCabe Martin G. , McCullough Anna Louise , Parry Michael C. , Patel Anish , Seddon Beatrice M. , Sherriff Jennifer M. , Tirabosco Roberto , Strauss Sandra J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis document is an update of the British Sarcoma Group guidelines (2016) and provides a reference standard for the clinical care of UK patients with primary malignant bone tumours (PMBT) and giant cell tumours (GCTB) of bone. The guidelines recommend treatments that are effective and should be available in the UK, and support decisions about management and service delivery. The document represents a consensus amongst British Sarcoma Group members in 2024. Key recommendations are that bone pain, or a palpable mass should always lead to further investigation and that patients with clinical or radiological findings suggestive of a primary bone tumour at any anatomic site should be referred to a specialist centre and managed by an accredited bone sarcoma multidisciplinary team. Treatment recommendations are provided for the major tumour types and for localised, metastatic and recurrent disease. Follow-up schedules are suggested.
ACBP/DBI neutralization for the experimental treatment of fatty liver disease
Authors: Motiño Omar , Lambertucci Flavia , Joseph Adrien , Durand Sylvère , Anagnostopoulos Gerasimos , Li Sijing , Carbonnier Vincent , Nogueira-Recalde Uxía , Montégut Léa , Chen Hui , Aprahamian Fanny , Nirmalathasan Nitharsshini , Maiuri Maria Chiara , Pietrocola Federico , Valla Dominique , Laouénan Cédric , Gautier Jean-François , Castera Laurent ,   QUID NASH Investigators, Castera Laurent , Vallet-Pichard Anaïs , Vidal-Trécan Tiphaine , Manchon Pauline , Paradis Valérie , Roulot Dominique , Boitard Christian , Terris Benoit , Bihan Hélène , Julla Jean-Baptiste , Poynard Thierry , Bzrustowski Angélique , Larger Etienne , Czernichow Sébastien , Pol Stanislas , Bedossa Pierre , Junot Christophe , de Preville Nathalie , Zaleski Isabelle Durand , Rautou Pierre-Emmanuel , Van Beers Bernard , Dioguardi Marco , Vilgrain Valérie , Correas Jean-Marie , Garteiser Philippe , Riveline Jean-Pierre , Ibberson Mark , Martins Isabelle , Kroemer Guido 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAcyl-CoA binding protein (ACBP), also known as diazepam-binding inhibitor (DBI), is an extracellular checkpoint of autophagy. Here, we report that patients with histologically confirmed metabolic-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) or liver fibrosis exhibit elevated levels of circulating ACBP/DBI protein as compared to non-affected controls. Plasma ACBP/DBI strongly correlated with the NAFLD and FIB4 scores in patients, and these correlations were independent of age and body mass index. We studied the capacity of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) neutralizing mouse ACBP/DBI to combat active liver disease in several mouse models, in which steatohepatitis had been induced by four different protocols, namely, (i) methionine/choline-deficient diet, (ii) Western style diet (WD) alone, (iii) WD combined with the hepatotoxic agent CCl4, and (iv) a combination of CCl4 injections and oral ethanol challenge. Injections of anti-ACBP/DBI mAb attenuated histological, enzymological, metabolomic and transcriptomic signs of liver damage in these four models, hence halting or reducing the progression of non-alcoholic and alcoholic liver disease. Steatosis, inflammation, ballooning and fibrosis responded to ACBP/DBI inhibition at the preclinical level. Altogether, these findings support a causal role of ACBP/DBI in MASH and liver fibrosis, as well as the possibility to therapeutically target ACBP/DBI.
A non-canonical mechanism of GPCR activation
Authors: Powers Alexander S. , Khan Aasma , Paggi Joseph M. , Latorraca Naomi R. , Souza Sarah , Di Salvo Jerry , Lu Jun , Soisson Stephen M. , Johnston Jennifer M. , Weinglass Adam B. , Dror Ron O. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe goal of designing safer, more effective drugs has led to tremendous interest in molecular mechanisms through which ligands can precisely manipulate the signaling of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest class of drug targets. Decades of research have led to the widely accepted view that all agonists—ligands that trigger GPCR activation—function by causing rearrangement of the GPCR’s transmembrane helices, opening an intracellular pocket for binding of transducer proteins. Here we demonstrate that certain agonists instead trigger activation of free fatty acid receptor 1 by directly rearranging an intracellular loop that interacts with transducers. We validate the predictions of our atomic-level simulations by targeted mutagenesis; specific mutations that disrupt interactions with the intracellular loop convert these agonists into inverse agonists. Further analysis suggests that allosteric ligands could regulate the signaling of many other GPCRs via a similar mechanism, offering rich possibilities for precise control of pharmaceutically important targets.
De novo transcriptome analysis of the Indian squid Uroteuthis duvaucelii (Orbigny, 1848) from the Indian Ocean
Authors: Krishnan Nisha , Sukumaran Sandhya , Vysakh V. G. , Sebastian Wilson , Jose Anjaly , Raj Neenu , Gopalakrishnan A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCephalopods have dominated the oceans for hundreds of millions of years and are unquestionably at the peak of molluscan evolution. The development of the large brain and a well-sophisticated sensory system contributed significantly to its success. Therefore, it is considered the best example of convergent evolution and attracted the attention of scientists from various disciplines of biology. The aim of the present study is to construct a reference transcriptome in the Indian squid Uroteuthis duvaucelii to gain insights into cephalopod evolution and enrich the existing cephalopod database. Around 72 million short Illumina reads were generated from five different tissues, including the brain, eye, gill, heart and gonads, and assembled using the Trinity assembler. About 26230 protein-coding sequences were annotated from the assembled transcripts. The BUSCO completeness of the assembly was 71.71% compared to the Mollusca_Odb10 gene set. KEGG and REACTOME pathway analyzes revealed that U. duvaucelii shares many genes and pathways with higher vertebrates.
Embracing the informative missingness and silent gene in analyzing biologically diverse samples
Authors: Du Dongping , Bhardwaj Saurabh , Lu Yingzhou , Wang Yizhi , Parker Sarah J. , Zhang Zhen , Van Eyk Jennifer E. , Yu Guoqiang , Clarke Robert , Herrington David M. , Wang Yue 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBioinformatics software tools are essential to identify informative molecular features that define different phenotypic sample groups. Among the most fundamental and interrelated tasks are missing value imputation, signature gene detection, and differential pattern visualization. However, many commonly used analytics tools can be problematic when handling biologically diverse samples if either informative missingness possess high missing rates with mixed missing mechanisms, or multiple sample groups are compared and visualized in parallel. We developed the ABDS tool suite specifically for analyzing biologically diverse samples. Collectively, a mechanism-integrated group-wise pre-imputation scheme is proposed to retain informative missingness associated with signature genes, a cosine-based one-sample test is extended to detect group-silenced signature genes, and a unified heatmap is designed to display multiple sample groups. We describe the methodological principles and demonstrate the effectiveness of three analytics tools under targeted scenarios, supported by comparative evaluations and biomedical showcases. As an open-source R package, ABDS tool suite complements rather than replaces existing tools and will allow biologists to more accurately detect interpretable molecular signals among phenotypically diverse sample groups.
Collagen crosslinking-induced corneal morphological changes: a three-dimensional light sheet Microscopy-based evaluation
Authors: Stoecker Axel , Pinkert-Leetsch Diana , Koch Timea , Ackermann Roland , Nolte Stefan , van Oterendorp Christian , Russmann Christoph , Missbach-Guentner Jeannine 
Published: November 2024

AbstractStiffness-related eye diseases such as keratoconus require comprehensive visualization of the complex morphological matrix changes. The aim of this study was to use three-dimensional (3D) light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) to analyze unlabeled corneal tissue samples, qualitatively visualizing changes in corneal stiffness. Isolated porcine corneal tissue samples were treated with either NaCl or 0.1% glutaraldehyde (GTA) prior to clearing with benzyl alcohol/benzyl benzoate (BABB) and subsequently scanned with LSFM. After analysis of the LSFM data sets, the samples were embedded in paraffin to validate the results by conventional planar microscopy. In the unlabeled corneal tissue samples the 2D/3D morphology of the entire tissue volume was identified by specific autofluorescence signals. An enhancement of collagen crosslinking was induced by applying GTA to the corneal tissue. Subsequent LSFM scans showed specific morphological changes due to altered autofluorescence signals of the corneal stroma, which were confirmed by conventional histology. Therefore, LSFM analysis of corneal tissue samples allowed label-free 3D autofluorescence assessment of the corneal morphology in its anatomical context. It provides the technical basis for the examination of the pathologically altered cornea and facilitates ophthalmologic examinations of corneal diseases based on the altered tissue stiffness.