bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Updated characteristics of blood services, donors and blood products in 11 French‐speaking African countries
Authors: Tagny Claude T. , Laperche Syria , Murphy Edward L. ,   The Francophone Africa Network for Transfusion Medicine Research
Published: August 2018

Background and objectivesThe Francophone Africa Transfusion Research Network conducted the first large and comprehensive surveys on the status of blood safety in francophone African countries in 2009 and 2012. Since then, there has been substantial investment in blood safety but little is known about progress made in the region.Materials and MethodsThis multicentre cross‐sectional study describes characteristics of blood services, donors and blood products and compares results with previous data. A web‐based questionnaire collected data of 2016 from 38 blood facilities in 11 French‐speaking countries. Data were analysed according to type of blood services and compared to similar studies conducted in 2009 and 2012.ResultsThe study included data on 572 933 donations from 366 844 donors. Compared to 2012, there was an increase in the median proportion of voluntary nonremunerated blood donation (+22%) (P = 0·004), and a reduction from 2·1 to 0·9 (P = 0·01), from 10·3 to 6·7 (P = 0·00), from 3·2 to 1·3 (P = 0·006) and from 1 to 0·4 (P = 0·03) in median seroprevalences of HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis, respectively. The median proportion of blood orders fulfilled decreased (−18·2%) (P = 0·001). The number of technical staff per 1000 donations ranged from 1 to 54 with hospital‐based blood transfusion services having 12‐fold more staff than National and Regional services.ConclusionSeveral indicators have improved in Francophone Africa Blood services during the last 5 years and national and regional services likely have better indicators than hospital‐based services. These findings may support the need for ongoing blood safety initiatives.
Immigration and Security—Post 9/11 United States
Authors: Roy Nalanda 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis article explores the changing relationship between immigration and security in the post-9/11 United States. When it comes to immigration before 9/11, security was not the overarching concern in the US; rather, the focus was on economic interest, skilled and unskilled labor, family reunification, etc. However, immediately after 9/11, security became indisputably prioritized. In fact, September 11 changed the way Americans started to look at security, and this led to a thickening of the balance between the two.
A study of high-, middle- and low-molecular weight adiponectin in urine as a surrogate marker for early diabetic nephropathy using ultrasensitive immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay
Authors: Yamamoto Mayumi , Fujimoto Yuki , Hayashi Shino , Hashida Seiichi 
Published: August 2018

Background For the early identification of patients at risk of developing diabetic nephropathy, we have developed an ultrasensitive immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay to measure adiponectin in urine. Methods We developed immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay for adiponectin and measured urinary adiponectin from 70 healthy subjects, 35 obese non-diabetic subjects and 20 patients with diabetes. Results The urinary adiponectin concentrations in patients with diabetes (3.3 ± 10.7 ng/mg creatinine) were significantly higher than those in obese subjects (0.54 ± 0.44; P < 0.01) and healthy subjects (0.46 ± 0.42; P < 0.001). The gel filtration elution profile of urine from healthy subjects showed traces of four immunoreactive peaks (high-, medium-, low-molecular weight and monomer molecules), despite the majority of blood adiponectin being high-molecular weight. However, urinary adiponectin molecules were more frequent in low-molecular weight as the estimate glomerular filtration rate decreased. Furthermore, as blood glucose concentrations rose, middle-molecular weight and high-molecular weight increased in urine. Further, urinary adiponectin concentrations correlated with estimate glomerular filtration rate ( r = −0.61, P < 0.001), but not urinary albumin. In addition, our analysis showed a significantly ( P < 0.001) higher value for urinary adiponectin in the G2 stage of chronic kidney disease classification where urinary albumin is not elevated. Conclusion Adiponectin increases in urine as renal function decreases, and urinary adiponectin may be useful as a surrogate marker for diabetic nephropathy risk.
Leptospirosis: a diagnostic conundrum
Authors: Gurumurthy Keerthivasan , Narasimha Harish Belgode , Wyawahare Mukta , Biswal Niranjan 
Published: August 2018

Leptospirosis is a serious public health concern worldwide. It is highly endemic in the Andaman Islands and its prevalence is increasing in other Indian states. Clinical features are non-specific and diagnosis relies on laboratory confirmation. The gold standard is microscopic agglutination testing, but this is not widely available. Real-time polymerase chain reaction testing of LipL32 antigen provides the earliest detection of pathogenic Leptospira in the body. We found it to be 100% specific, but it should be used in the first 10 days of illness for reliable results.
Sex Hormones and Change in N-Terminal Pro–B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Levels: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Ying Wendy , Zhao Di , Ouyang Pamela , Subramanya Vinita , Vaidya Dhananjay , Ndumele Chiadi E , Sharma Kavita , Shah Sanjiv J , Heckbert Susan R , Lima Joao A , deFilippi Christopher R , Budoff Matthew J , Post Wendy S , Michos Erin D 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Context
Sex hormones may influence sex differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD). N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), a predictor of CVD, is higher in women than men, which may relate to sex hormones.

Objective
To evaluate whether total testosterone (T), bioavailable T, free T, estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and SHBG are associated with NT-proBNP.

Design
Cohort study.

Participants
Cross-sectional sample included 2371 postmenopausal women and 2688 men free of CVD, of which 2041 women and 2348 men were included longitudinally.

Main Outcome Measures
NT-proBNP at baseline (2000 to 2002) and one or more repeat NT-proBNPs (through 2012). Analyses adjusted for CVD risk factors.

Results
Women had higher NT-proBNP than men (median 79.9 vs 38.5 pg/mL). Cross-sectionally, higher bioavailable T, free T, DHEA, and lower SHBG levels were independently associated with lower NT-proBNP among both women and men (all P &lt; 0.05). Higher total T in women and estradiol in men were also associated with lower NT-proBNP (both P &lt; 0.05). Longitudinally, in women, higher total T, bioavailable T, free T, DHEA, and lower estradiol and SHBG were associated with greater 10-year increase in NT-proBNP (all P &lt; 0.05). In men, higher free T and estradiol were associated with greater NT-proBNP increase (both P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
A more androgenic sex hormone pattern was inversely associated with NT-proBNP cross-sectionally and may contribute to sex differences in NT-proBNP. Longitudinally, a more androgenic sex hormone pattern was associated with greater increase in NT-proBNP in women, which may reflect a mechanism for CVD risk after menopause.
Cognition, Health-Related Quality of Life, and Psychosocial Functioning After GH/GnRHa Treatment in Young Adults Born SGA
Authors: Goedegebuure Wesley Jim , van der Steen Manouk , de With Justine Lenneke , Hokken-Koelega Anita 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
Children born small for gestational age (SGA) with a poor adult height (AH) expectation benefit from treatment with GH and additional gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (GnRHa). Because both SGA birth and GnRHa treatment might negatively influence cognition, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and psychosocial functioning, we assessed these outcomes at AH.

Methods
A randomized, dose-response GH study until AH involving 99 adolescents born SGA, of whom 61 children received 2 additional years of GnRHa treatment. At AH, the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and TNO-AZL Adults Quality of Life questionnaire were administered to the study group. Additionally, the study group and 67 adolescents born SGA (19 GnRHa) from a second study group completed the Self-Perception Profile of Adolescents and Child/Adolescent Behavior Checklist at AH. Scores in GH-treated young adults with GnRHa treatment (GH/GnRHa group) were compared with GH-treated adolescents without GnRHa treatment (GH group) and a reference population.

Results
Mean age (SD) at AH was 17.5 (1.2) and 17.4 (1.4) years in the GH/GnRHa and GH group, respectively. Intelligence quotient scores were similar in GH/GnRHa and GH groups (96.33 vs 92.47). HRQoL was similar between both groups and also when compared with the reference population, but the GH/GnRHa group had a significantly lower perception of cognitive functioning. Self-perception and problem behavior were similar in the GH/GnRHa and GH groups. AH did not correlate with HRQoL, self-perception, or problem behavior.

Conclusion
Combined GH/GnRHa treatment has no long-term negative effects on cognition, HRQoL, self-perception, and behavior in early adulthood, compared with GH treatment only.
Partisipasi Publik Dalam Amandemen UUD
Authors: Nurhalimah Siti 
Published: August 2018

Pasca runtuhnya rezim orde baru hingga saat ini, semangat amandemen UUD 1945 masih marak disuarakan masyarakat. Semangat tersebut tumbuh karena terdapat berbagai kekurangan dalam UUD 1945 yang dianggap tidak sejalan dengan cita-cita bangsa. Namun dari keempat amandemen UUD 1945 yang telah berlangsung tersebut, tidak ada satu pun yang melibatkan partisipasi rakyat. Sehingga, mimpi bangsa Indonesia untuk memiliki konstitusi ideal berdasarkan Pancasila, belum juga menjadi nyata. Banyak dari kalangan ahli Hukum Tata Negara mengatakan, konstitusi di Indonesia yang telah berulang kali mengalami perubahan hasilnya masih belum maksimal. Hal tersebut disebabkan karena perubahannya hanya disesuaikan dengan selera pemerintahan yang berkuasa pada masanya, tanpa disesuaikan dengan prinsip-prinsip negara yang terkandung dalam Pancasila. Sehingga, sudah menjadi hal yang mutlak bahwa dalam mengubah konstitusi harus melibatkan partisipasi aktif dari masyarakat.
ASSOCIAÇÃO ENTRE REGIÃO DO TRAUMA PERINEAL, PROBLEMAS LOCAIS, ATIVIDADES HABITUAIS E NECESSIDADES FISIOLÓGICAS DIFICULTADAS
Authors: Ximenes Ferreira Eula Rayssa , Costa Cerqueira Erika Anny , Nunes Isa Maria , De Araújo Edna Maria , Souza de Santana Carvalho Evanilda , Marques dos Santos Luciano 
Published: August 2018

<p>Objetivo: analisar a associação entre a região do trauma perineal e os problemas locais, as atividades habituais e a-s necessidades fisiológicas dificultadas em puérperas no pós-parto vaginal imediato. Método: estudo transversal, realizado em uma maternidade pública de Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brasil, de maio de 2013 a dezembro de 2015, com aplicação de formulários, coleta em prontuário e exame vulvoperineal de 684 puérperas. Resultados: houve maior prevalência de dor (RP=3,4; p=0,000) edema (RP=2,5; p=0,028), dificuldade para dormir (RP=2,0; p-valor=0,013), deambular (RP=1,6; p=0,033) e sentar (RP=2,4; p=0,001) entre puérperas com trauma no períneo posterior. Relatos de ardor (RP=0,5; p=0,01) e dificuldade na micção (RP=0,5; p=0,002) apresentaram maior probabilidade de ocorrer entre mulheres com trauma na região anterior. Conclusão: os traumas no períneo posterior causam mais dor, edema e dificuldade para dormir, sentar e deambular, ao passo que os traumas na região anterior provocam maior relato de ardor e dificuldade na micção.</p><p>Descritores: Enfermagem obstétrica. Períneo. Episiotomia. Período pós-parto.</p>
The role of Information Technology in enhancing the quality of banking service
Authors: Fakhri Wafaa M. 
Published: August 2018

The study seeks to study the role of IT in achieving the quality of banking services provided by commercial banks, which requires knowledge of the level of information technology that is used and the extent of employees' awareness of the quality of the importance of the quality of services provided to customers with government banks. The questionnaire was distributed to (60) employees of the branches of the Rafidain Bank for the province of Salah al-Din, from which 51 samples were returned to be valid for analysis. . The study concluded that there is a significant relationship between the information technology and the quality of banking services
Aplicación de normas para los déficit fiscales
Authors: Sawyer Malcolm 
Published: August 2018

El artículo analiza el déficit fiscal a partir de los siguientes aspectos: su situación en la época de la segunda guerra mundial; la crítica a la "regla de oro"; la distinción entre el gasto corriente y el gasto de inversión; el cuestionamiento a la idea del "tamaño adecuado" del déficit presupuestario y sus repercusiones en las "políticas de respuesta"; la distribución del ingreso, y la exposición de un enfoque alternativo (basado en el modelo de Godley y Rowthorn) acerca del gasto público. El autor concluye señalando dos cuestiones. En primer lugar, no hay bases que demuestren la pertinencia de que el déficit presupuestario cubra únicamente el gasto de inversión tal como lo afirma la "regla de oro"; en segundo lugar una respuesta consistente a dicho déficit debe combinar tres metas: obtener tasas de interés más bajas, estimular la inversión y reducir el ahorro.
Claves para la agenda del desarrollo
Authors: Rodríguez Octavio 
Published: August 2018

<div>El presente artículo parte de las concepciones de Celso Furtado respecto de la renovación de la agenda del desarrollo para América Latina. El autor analiza con especial interés y cuidado diversos conceptos, como los de desarrollo, identidad cultural, crecimiento autocentrado, inserción externa, cooperación internacional y asimetrías entre países. Insertos en una visión global de los sistemas culturales, esos conceptos constituyen elementos esenciales en una agenda del desarrollo, habida cuenta de las especificidades de los países subdesarrollados. Desde la óptica adoptada, se entiende que el subdesarrollo dificulta o inhibe la conformación de una identidad cultural propia, lo que a su vez tiende a entorpecer o impedir el desarrollo, tal como se lo entiende habitualmente en la literatura socioeconómica.</div>
PENDIDIKAN BERBASIS KESETARAAN GENDER: Studi Kebijakan Pemerintah dan Aplikasinya dalam Pendidikan
Authors: Ulya Inayatul 
Published: August 2018

Abstract Gender equality-based education is education that accommodate gender differences. This study aims to reveal the gender sensitivity insocial and educational as well as identify government policies in building gender equ ality and its applications in formal education. This study is qualitative with an inventory of government policies in building gender equality, and then analyze it with the reality of education in Indonesia. The approach used in this study is referring to the normative approach to the study of government policies in enforcing gender equality and its applications in formal education. The research data was collected using the techniques of literary study (library research). Materials that have been acquired and processed is described and analyzed by using descriptive interpretative paradigm and gender analysis. Although many efforts have been taken by the government for the realization of gender equality, but in the education sector still show gender inequality. The indication can be seen from three aspects, they are not unequal participation in education for women, unequal educational material as well as the selection of majors unequal proportions of men and women. The phenomenon is not yet reflect the totality of gender equality education. Keywords:pendidikan, kesetaraan gender, kebijakan pemerintah
PENANAMAN KONSEP GENDER PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPS SD
Authors: Martanti Fitria 
Published: August 2018

Abstrak Konsep gender yang benar semestinya diajarkan pada anak mulai usia dini maupun usia sekolah dasar. Pemahaman gender akan memberikan gambaran tentang peran laki-laki dan perempuan yang benar bukan hanya sekedar stereotip masyarakat. Penanaman konsep gender yang tidak sesuai akan membentuk pemikiran anak tetang bagaimana peran laki-laki dan perempuan dan akan membentuk pemikiran anak yang bias gender. Adanya stereotip tentang gender pada dasarnya sangat nampak dalam pendidikan terutama nilai gender yang dianut oleh masyarakat terutama berkaitan dengan tempat pendidikan diabdikan, stereotip gender yang terdapat dalam kurikulum maupun buku ajar, dan nilai gender yang ditanamkan oleh guru. Menginggat begitu pentingnya penanaman konsep gender yang benar pada anak, maka dapat dilakukan melalui beberapa cara diantaranya penanaman konsep gender dalam mata pelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial (IPS). Hal ini menginggat mata pelajaran IPS SD memiliki muatan materi untuk memahamkan anak tentang diri sendiri, keluarga dan masyarakat. Adapun konsep gender tentunya dapat diajarkan guru pada mata pelajaran IPS tema keluarga. Peran guru harus dapat memberikan contoh konkrit tentang peran laki-laki dan perempuan dalam keluarga, sekolah maupun masyarakat sehingga anak akan memahami konsep gender yang benar. Kata kunci: Konsep Gender, Pelajaran IPS Abstract The appropriate gender concept should be taught on children since early childhood or elementary school age. The understanding of gender will give description about the appropriate act on men and women, not only public stereotype. Unappropriate gender implementation will shape children’s mind about how men and women act and will shape children’s mind which gender refraction. The existance of stereotype about gender basically is visible in education, especially gender value attentived by public and related to implementation place, gender stereotype available in curriculum or teaching book, and gender value which applied by teacher. Considering the importance of appropriate gender implementation on children, it can be done by some ways, such as gender concept implementation in IPS lesson. Because it consider that IPS lesson on elementary school has material to understand student about themselves, family, and public. Gender concept can be taught by teacher on IPS lesson in theme about family. Teacher role should be give solid model about men and women act in family, school, and public so students can understand the appropriate gender concept.Keywords: gender concept, IPS lesson
KULARNAVA TANTRA. CAMINO DE CIRCULACIÓN DEL SIGNIFICADO
Authors: Valdez Beatriz 
Published: August 2018

Realizo una lectura no lineal del Kularnava Tantra para lo cual he transformado el texto previamente en grafo textual usando R, y luego lo he visualizado y analizado con Gephi, tomando como referencia indicadores provenientes de la teoría de grafos, tal como se emplea en el análisis empírico de redes sociales. Este procedimiento me ha permitido recuperar el patrón argumentativo central del Kularnava, su agenda central, que vertebra las diferentes comunidades temáticas del grafo, creando el camino por el cual circula el significado del texto. Esta agenda principal, señala que el gurú es la llave para, a través del conocimiento y del deseo de Shakti, facilitar al hombre el descubrimiento de su deidad interior.AbstractI have read through the Kularnava Tantra in a non-linear fashion using a text network approach. I previously extracted the graph from the text with R, and I then visualized and analyzed it with Gephi. The analysis was based on the metrics developed by graphs theory and applied following the same procedure as for analyzing empirical social networks. I identified the pathway for meaning circulation within the Kularnava, its main agenda, which stated that the guru is crucial to facilitate the discovery of our inner self. For this purpose, he uses knowledge tools as well as the desire for Shakti.
Probing the Innermost Accretion Flow Geometry of Sgr A* with Event Horizon Telescope
Authors: Pu Hung-Yi , Broderick Avery E. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Upcoming Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations will provide a unique opportunity to reveal the innermost region of the radiative inefficient accretion flow (RIAF) around the Galactic black hole, Sgr A*. Depending on the flow dynamics and accumulated magnetic flux, the innermost region of an RIAF could have a quasi-spherical or disk-like geometry. Here we present a phenomenological model to investigate the characteristics of the black hole shadow images with different flow geometries, together with the effect of black hole spin and flow dynamics. The resulting image consists in general of two major components: a crescent, which may surround the funnel region of the black hole or the black hole itself, and a photon ring, which may be partially luminous and overlapped with the crescent component. Compared to a quasi-spherical flow case, a disk-like flow in the vicinity of a black hole exhibits the following image features: (i) due to less material near the funnel region, the crescent structure has a smaller size, and (ii) due to the combination of emission from the flow beside and behind the black hole, the crescent structure has a more irregular shape, and a less smooth brightness distribution. How these features can result in different observables for EHT observations is discussed.
Effect of Template Uncertainties on the WMAP and Planck Measures of the Optical Depth Due to Reionization
Authors: Weiland J. L. , Osumi K. , Addison G. E. , Bennett C. L. , Watts D. J. , Halpern M. , Hinshaw G. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The reionization optical depth is the most poorly determined of the six ΛCDM parameters fit to CMB anisotropy data. Instrumental noise and systematics have prevented uncertainties from reaching their cosmic variance limit. At present, the data sets providing the most statistical constraining power are the WMAP, Planck LFI, and Planck HFI full-sky polarization maps. As the reprocessed HFI data with reduced systematics are not yet publicly unavailable, we examine determinations of τ using 9 year WMAP and 2015 Planck LFI data, with an emphasis on characterizing potential systematic bias resulting from foreground template and masking choices. We find evidence for a low-level systematic in the LFI polarization data with a roughly common-mode morphology across the LFI frequencies and a spectrum consistent with leakage of intensity signal into the polarization channels. We demonstrate significant bias in the optical depth derived when using the LFI 30 GHz map as a template to clean synchrotron from WMAP data, and recommend against the use of the 2015 LFI 30 GHz polarization data as a foreground template for non-LFI data sets. We find an inconsistency between versions of the 2015 polarized 353 GHz dust templates reconstructed from the Planck likelihood and those from delivered maps, which can affect τ at the 1σ level. The spread in τ values over the ensemble of data combinations we study suggests that systematic uncertainties still contribute significantly to the current uncertainty in τ, but all values are consistent with the range of τ = 0.07 ± 0.02.
Enhanced Neutrino Emissivities in Pseudoscalar-mediated Dark Matter Annihilation in Neutron Stars
Authors: Cermeño M. , Pérez-García M. A. , Lineros R. A. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We calculate neutrino emissivities from self-annihilating dark matter (DM) (χ) in the dense and hot stellar interior of a (proto)neutron star. Using a model where DM interacts with nucleons in the stellar core through a pseudoscalar boson (a) we find that the neutrino production rates from the dominant reaction channels

or

, with subsequent decay of the mediator

, could locally match and even surpass those of the standard neutrinos from the modified nuclear URCA processes at early ages. We find that the emitting region can be localized in a tiny fraction of the star (less than a few percent of the core volume) and the process can last its entire lifetime for some cases under study. We discuss the possible consequences of our results for stellar cooling in light of existing DM constraints.