bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study to determine the three-dimensional (3D) facial shape characteristics for a successful FFP3 mask fit
Authors: Gakhal Manpreet K. , Bakshi Anant , Gu Min , Khambay Balvinder S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA reported 20% of dental staff will fail their fit test for a disposable FFP3 respirator. This needs to be factored into future pandemic workforce and PPE supply planning. At present there are no scientifically or universally accepted facial shape criteria to design and produce facial masks that will fit the entire work force. This study presents differences in facial shape, volume and surface area between individuals who passed on several FFP3 masks (pass group) and participants who passed on only one FFP3 mask (fail group). Three dimensional images of 50 individuals, 25 in each group, were taken at rest and at maximum smile using a DI4D SNAP 6200 camera system. The images were processed, and four “average faces” were produced—pass group at rest, fail group at rest, pass group at maximum smile and fail group at maximum smile. Simple Euclidian linear and angular measurements, geodesic surface distances and volume and surface area enclosed within the mask were analysed. The results of the study show that individuals who are more likely to pass a mask fit test have longer faces, wider mouths, greater geodesic surface distances and a greater volume and surface area of soft tissue enclosed within the mask boundary. This would suggest that some manufactures masks may be too large, and they need to reduce the size of their masks or produce a category of sizes, accepting the fact that one size does not fit all.
VLSI implementation of a modified min-max median filter using an area and power competent tritonic sorter for image denoising
Authors: Christudhas Chrishia , Fathima Annis 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe prominence of image processing in today’s cutting-edge technology is undeniable. Integrating software with hardware leverages both strengths, resulting in a real-time processing system that is efficient and streamlined. Raw images are usually affected by noise, which hinders the acquisition of good-quality and detailed images; hence, denoising becomes necessary. This paper proposes a modified min-max median (MMM) filter to remove impulse noise and a Tritonic sorter to localize corrupted pixels. The proposed denoising method focuses on localizing noisy pixels, unlike traditional denoising approaches, which focus only on noise detection and filtering. A min-max sheet provides the location of the corrupted pixels, and filtering is performed on them. The Tritonic Sorter, consisting of a max locator and a min locator, compares three input values and finds the minimum, maximum and median values among them. Compared to other state-of-the-art methods, the proposed method minimizes the number of comparators needed to carry out the sorting process. The proposed method was synthesized in the ZedBoard Zynq kit using the Vivado tool. The results show that the area improved by 27%, and the power improved by 16.23% compared with those of the existing method.
Regulating translation in aging: from global to gene-specific mechanisms
Authors: Solyga Mathilde , Majumdar Amitabha , Besse Florence 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAging is characterized by a decline in various biological functions that is associated with changes in gene expression programs. Recent transcriptome-wide integrative studies in diverse organisms and tissues have revealed a gradual uncoupling between RNA and protein levels with aging, which highlights the importance of post-transcriptional regulatory processes. Here, we provide an overview of multi-omics analyses that show the progressive uncorrelation of transcriptomes and proteomes during the course of healthy aging. We then describe the molecular changes leading to global downregulation of protein synthesis with age and review recent work dissecting the mechanisms involved in gene-specific translational regulation in complementary model organisms. These mechanisms include the recognition of regulated mRNAs by trans-acting factors such as miRNA and RNA-binding proteins, the condensation of mRNAs into repressive cytoplasmic RNP granules, and the pausing of ribosomes at specific residues. Lastly, we mention future challenges of this emerging field, possible buffering functions as well as potential links with disease.
Solar flares in the Solar Orbiter era: Short-exposure EUI/FSI observations of STIX flares
Authors: Collier Hannah , Hayes Laura A. , Purkhart Stefan , Krucker Säm , Ryan Daniel F. , Polito Vanessa , Veronig Astrid M. , Harra Louise K. , Berghmans David , Kraaikamp Emil , Dominique Marie , Dolla Laurent R. , Verbeeck Cis 
Published: November 2024

Aims. This paper aims to demonstrate the importance of short-exposure extreme ultraviolet (EUV) observations of solar flares in the study of particle acceleration, heating, and energy partition in flares. This work highlights the observations now available from the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUI) instrument suite on board Solar Orbiter while operating in short-exposure mode.
Methods. A selection of noteworthy flares observed simultaneously by the Spectrometer Telescope for Imaging X-rays (STIX) and the Full Sun Imager of EUI (EUI/FSI) are detailed. New insights are highlighted and potential avenues of investigation are demonstrated, including forward-modelling of the atmospheric response to a non-thermal beam of electrons using the RADYN 1D hydrodynamic code, in order to compare the predicted and observed EUV emission.
Results. The examples given in this work demonstrate that short-exposure EUI/FSI observations are providing important diagnostics during flares. A dataset of more than 9000 flares observed by STIX (from November 2022 until December 2023) with at least one short-exposure EUI/FSI 174 Å image is currently available. The observations reveal that the brightest parts of short-exposure observations consist of substructure in flaring ribbons that spatially overlap with the hard X-ray emission observed by STIX in the majority of cases. We show that these observations provide an opportunity to further constrain the electron energy flux required for flare modelling, among other potential applications.
Characterisation of TOI-406 as a showcase of the THIRSTEE program
Authors: Lacedelli G. , Pallé E. , Luque R. , Cadieux C. , Murphy J. M. Akana , Murgas F. , Zapatero Osorio M. R. , Tabernero H. M. , Collins K. A. , Watkins C. N. , L’Heureux A. , Doyon R. , Jankowski D. , Nowak G. , Artigau É. , Batalha N. M. , Bean J. L. , Bouchy F. , Brady M. , Canto Martins B. L. , Carleo I. , Cointepas M. , Conti D. M. , Cook N. J. , Crossfield I. J. M. , González Hernández J. I. , Lewin P. , Nari N. , Nielsen L. D. , Orell-Miquel J. , Parc L. , Schwarz R. P. , Srdoc G. , Van Eylen V. 
Published: November 2024

Context. The exoplanet sub-Neptune population currently poses a conundrum, as to whether small-size planets are volatile-rich cores without an atmosphere, or rocky cores surrounded by a H-He envelope. To test the different hypotheses from an observational point of view, a large sample of small-size planets with precise mass and radius measurements is the first necessary step. On top of that, much more information will likely be needed, including atmospheric characterisation and a demographic perspective on their bulk properties.
Aims. We present here the concept and strategy of the THIRSTEE project, which aims to shed light on the composition of the sub-Neptune population across stellar types by increasing their number and improving the accuracy of bulk density measurements, as well as investigating their atmospheres and performing statistical, demographic analysis. We report the first results of the program, characterising a new two-planet system around the M-dwarf TOI-406.
Methods. We analysed TESS and ground-based photometry together with high-precision ESPRESSO and NIRPS/HARPS radial velocities to derive the orbital parameters and investigate the internal composition of the two planets orbiting TOI-406.
Results. TOI-406 hosts two planets with radii and masses of Rc = 1.32 ± 0.12 R⊕, Mc = 2.08−0.22+0.23 M⊕ and Rb = 2.08−0.15+0.16 R⊕, Mb = 6.57−0.90+1.00 M⊕, orbiting with periods of 3.3 and 13.2 days, respectively. The inner planet is consistent with an Earth-like composition, while the external one is compatible with multiple internal composition models, including volatile-rich planets without H/He atmospheres. The two planets are located in two distinct regions in the mass-density diagram, supporting the existence of a density gap among small exoplanets around M dwarfs. With an equilibrium temperature of only Teq = 368 K, TOI-406 b stands up as a particularly interesting target for atmospheric characterisation with JWST in the low-temperature regime.
Erfahrungen von Psychologen und Sporttherapeuten mit der Durchführung
offener und geschlossener Therapiegruppen
Authors: Südmeier Meike , Gissendanner Scott , Lorenz Kai , Muschalla Beate 
Published: November 2024

ZusammenfassungIn Literatur und Forschung mangelt es an Vergleichsstudien zu offenen und
geschlossenen Therapiegruppen. Differenzielle, bislang theoretisch und praktisch
fundierte Charakteristika beider Formate sind vermutlich für unterschiedliche
therapeutisch relevante Effekte verantwortlich. Ziel der vorliegenden Analyse
ist es, den bisherigen Forschungsstand durch eine Bestandsaufnahme von
Expertenerfahrungen eines Therapeutenteams mit beiden Gruppenformaten zu
ergänzen und Hinweise für die Auswahl eines geeigneten Gruppenformates
bereitzustellen. Dazu wurden die Psychologen und Sporttherapeuten einer
Abteilung für verhaltensmedizinisch orientierte orthopädische Rehabilitation
(VOR) während einer Umstellung von geschlossenen auf offene Gruppen in offenen
leitfadengestützten Gesprächen zu ihren Erfahrungen befragt. Ihre Antworten
wurden mithilfe der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet. In der Literatur
benannte Charakteristika offener und geschlossener Gruppen bestätigen sich
überwiegend. Sie werden mit in der Literatur noch nicht identifizierten
Aspekten, die den Therapiealltag und die Therapeutenmotivation betreffen,
ergänzt. Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede zwischen Sport- und Psychotherapie
werden herausgestellt. Geschlossene Gruppen sind von einem Zusammenwachsen und
tiefergehenden Beziehungen im Therapieverlauf geprägt. Sitzungen geschlossener
Gruppen können aufeinander aufbauen und laufen strukturiert ab. Offene Gruppen
weisen einen über die Zeit gleichbleibenden Energielevel und stärkere Dynamik
auf und bieten breite Kontaktmöglichkeiten. Verschiedene Patientenrollen in
Therapiegruppen müssen in beiden Formaten im Blick behalten werden. Beide
Gruppenformen verfügen über Charakteristika, die für verschiedene Therapieziele
und Indikationen differenziert genutzt werden können, und haben somit ihre
Berechtigung im therapeutischen Kontext. Diese empirischen Befunde legen nahe,
dass Therapeuten eine spezifische Gruppenform gezielt auswählen können, um
spezifische Patiententypen besser zu unterstützen oder spezifische Therapieziele
zu realisieren.
Is rural nonfarm employment distress driven in Uttar Pradesh? Evidence from the NSSO rounds and PLF survey
Authors: Hashmi Shadab 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUsing National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) data, this study assesses the employment situation in Uttar Pradesh (UP), the most populous state in India, focusing on rural nonfarm employment. The primary objective of our study is to investigate the potential reasons for the movement of the labour force from farm to nonfarm activities over time in Uttar Pradesh. In UP, we observe that a higher proportion of workers are engaged in casual employment and employment growth stagnation in the rural manufacturing sector. We further observe that there is a declining proportion of people who are self-employed and regularly employed, and this situation has contributed to the casualisation of the rural workforce in UP. We also find that the average wages in agriculture are lower than those in non-agricultural activities. These observations point to the direction of distress in the agricultural sector, causing a shift in the workforce to a rural nonfarm sector. Casual employment in the rural nonfarm sector is considered to be low-paying employment compared to self-employment and regular employment outside agriculture, which are considered better-paying options. Hence, any movement of the workforce from agriculture to rural casual nonfarm employment is possibly driven by distress in the agricultural sector. Using a multinomial logit model, this study reveals that across all employment status categories, including agricultural labour, cultivators, nonfarm regular employment, nonfarm self-employment, and nonfarm casual employment, the likelihood of working in high-paying nonfarm regular and self-employment activities increases with better educational attainment, larger landholdings, and placement among the upper castes in social groups.
Fundamental optical transitions in hexagonal boron nitride epilayers
Authors: Li J. , Lin J. Y. , Jiang H. X. 
Published: November 2024

Fundamental optical transitions in hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) epilayers grown on sapphire by metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) using triethylboron as the boron precursor have been probed by photoluminescence (PL) emission spectroscopy. The low temperature (10 K) PL spectrum exhibits two groups of emission lines. The first group includes the direct observation of the free exciton and impurity bound exciton (BX) transitions and phonon replicas of the BX transition, whereas the second group is attributed to the direct observation of the band-to-band transition and its associated phonon replicas. The observations of zero-phonon lines of the band-to-band and exciton transitions, which are supposedly forbidden or “dark” in perfect h-BN crystals, result from a relaxed requirement of momentum conservation due to symmetry-breaking in the presence of high concentrations of impurities/defects and strain, which in turn provided more deterministic values of the energy bandgap (Eg), exciton binding energy (Ex), and binding energy of impurity bound excitons (EBX) in h-BN epilayers. Excitonic parameters of h-BN epilayers grown by MOCVD, carbon-free chemical vapor deposition, and high purity h-BN bulk materials are compared and discussed. The present results, together with available information in the literature, represent a significant improvement in the understanding of the fundamental optical properties and excitonic parameters of h-BN ultrawide bandgap semiconductors.
Dissecting Superradiant Phase Transition in the Quantum Rabi Model
Authors: Yang 杨 Yun-Tong 贇彤 , Luo 罗 Hong-Gang 洪刚 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Phase transitions are both thermodynamically and quantum-mechanically ubiquitous in nature and laboratories, and their understanding remains one of the most active issues in modern physics and related disciplines. The Landau theory provides a general framework to describe phenomenologically phase transitions by introducing order parameters and associated symmetry breaking. This theory is also taken as a starting point to explore critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions in the renormalization group, which provides a complete theoretical description of behaviors close to critical points. In this context, the microscopic mechanism of phase transitions remains unclear. In this study, we explore the microscopic mechanism of the superradiant phase transition in the quantum Rabi model (QRM). First, we perform a diagonalization operation in an operator space to obtain three fundamental patterns, denoted as λ
1, λ
2, and λ
3, involved in the QRM. Then, we explicitly analyze the energy evolutions of these patterns with increasing coupling strength. The observed characteristic behaviors reveal the microscopic mechanism of the superradiant phase transition as a consequence of competition between patterns due to different phase relations. In other words, with increasing coupling strength, the pattern λ
1 drives the phase transition, the pattern λ
2 exhibits a similar response speed but less energy compensation than the pattern λ
1, and the pattern λ
3 exhibits a slow response speed but plays a key role in the balance between it and the pattern λ
1, which stabilizes the new phase. This type of dissecting mechanism explains why and how the superradiant phase transition occurs in the QRM and paves the way for exploring the microscopic mechanism of phase transitions that occur frequently in nature.
Relic gravitons and non-stationary processes
Authors: Giovannini Massimo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractStationary processes do not accurately describe the diffuse backgrounds of relic gravitons whose correlations are homogeneous in space (i.e. only dependent upon the distance between the two spatial locations) but not in time. The symmetries of the autocorrelations ultimately reflect the quantum mechanical origin of the diffuse backgrounds and lead to non-stationary observables at late time. In particular, large oscillations are believed to arise in the spectral energy density that is customarily (but approximately) related to the tensor power spectrum. When the full expression of the spectral energy density is employed the amplitudes of oscillation are instead suppressed in the large-scale limit and the non-stationary features of the late-time signal practically disappear. For similar reasons the relations between the spectral energy density and the spectral amplitude are ambiguous in the presence of non-stationary features. While it is debatable if the non-stationary features are (or will be) directly detectable, we argue that the spectral amplitude following from the Wiener-Khintchine theorem is generally inappropriate for a consistent description of the relic signal. Nevertheless the strong oscillatory behaviour of the late-time observables is naturally smeared out provided the spectral energy density is selected as pivotal variable.
Manipulating optical and electronic properties through interfacial ferroelectricity
Authors: Liu 刘 Yulu 钰璐 , Liu 刘 Gan 敢 , Xi 奚 Xiaoxiang 啸翔 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Interfacial ferroelectricity is a recently established mechanism for generating spontaneous reversible electric polarization, arising from the charge transfer between stacked van der Waals layered atomic crystals. It has been realized in both naturally formed multilayer crystals and moiré superlattices. Owing to the large number of material choices and combinations, this approach is highly versatile, greatly expanding the scope of ultrathin ferroelectrics. A key advantage of interfacial ferroelectricity is its potential to couple with preexisting properties of the constituent layers, enabling their electrical manipulation through ferroelectric switching and paving the way for advanced device functionalities. This review article summarizes recent experimental progress in interfacial ferroelectricity, with an emphasis on its coupling with a variety of electronic properties. After introducing the underlying mechanism of interfacial ferroelectricity and the range of material systems discovered to date, we highlight selected examples showcasing ferroelectric control of excitonic optical properties, Berry curvature effects, and superconductivity. We also discuss the challenges and opportunities that await further studies in this field.
Quasinormal modes of a black hole surrounded by a fluid of strings in Rastall gravity*
Authors: Zhang 张 Ming 明 , Yue 岳 Rui-Hong 瑞宏 , Zou 邹 De-Cheng 德成 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we explore the quasinormal modes (QNMs) of a black hole surrounded by a fluid of strings within the framework of Rastall gravity. We analyze the behavior of scalar, electromagnetic, and gravitational perturbations, focusing on the influences of black hole charge Q and angular momentum l on the quasinormal frequencies. Our numerical results reveal a significant dependence on parameter ε. These trends are consistent across different types of perturbations, emphasizing the relationship between black hole parameters and QNM behavior.
Representative Points Based Goodness-of-fit Test for Location-scale Distributions
Authors: Li Jie , Liang Jiajuan , Kang Jiangrui , Peng Xiaoling 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The classical Pearson-Fisher chi-square test is a general approach to testing goodness-of-fit for univariate data. There is a considerable amount of discussion on how to effectively apply this test to practical goodness-of-fit problems in the literature. However, the choice of optimal grouping intervals in constructing the chi-square statistic still remains arguable and uncertain. Based on the statistical principle of defining the mean-square-error representative points, we propose to employ the statistical representative points to construct the Pearson-Fisher chi-square test. We carry out an extensive Monte Carlo study on the performance of the new-type of chi-square test by focusing on some location-scale distributions. It shows that our construction of the chi-square test outperforms the traditional construction of the same test by using equiprobable points for the grouping intervals in the sense of type I error control and power against some general alternative distributions.
A Data-driven Modeling and Control Method for CO2 Expanding Tobacco Production Line
Authors: Huang Liren , Wang Hao , Zhong Daoyue , Huang Guoyun , Dong Zixin , Nong Yizhou 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
An expanded tobacco production line is a typical industrial process with a large time lag, nonlinearity and time-varying nature. Aiming at the controller design problem of this industrial process, this paper proposes a control scheme that adopts the Dalin control algorithm based on a data-driven model. The scheme first regards the industrial process of expanding tobacco as a dynamic object that can be linearized near the working point, then calculates the parameters of the dynamic linearized model by using the Kaczmarz projection algorithm, and finally obtains the controller parameters according to the Dahlin control algorithm. The simulation and calculation results show that the scheme can extract an effective data-driven model from the production data and design reliable controller parameters.
State of Charge Estimation for Lithium-ion Battery Using Long Short-Term Memory Networks
Authors: Chen Huimin , Wang Liyong , Xu Yangyang , Jin Yuan , Chen Xi , Zhang Qian , Li Shengjia , Liao Chenglin , Wang Lifang , Wang Liye 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Accurate estimation of the State of Charge (SOC) in lithium-ion batteries is crucial for enhancing performance and extending battery life, especially in applications like electric vehicles and energy storage systems. This study introduces a novel method for SOC estimation that utilizes Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks. To evaluate the LSTM model’s effectiveness, we compared its performance with that of Backpropagation (BP) neural networks and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) using the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) as the evaluation metric. The findings reveal that the LSTM model achieved a significantly lower RMSE of 0.0107, surpassing the performance of the BP neural network and RNN, which had RMSEs of 0.015 and 0.0149, respectively. These results highlight the LSTM network’s exceptional capability to capture the temporal dynamics inherent in battery data, resulting in more accurate SOC predictions. This research underscores the substantial potential of LSTM networks in battery management systems and provides valuable insights into advancing SOC estimation methodologies.