bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pistachio‐Shuck‐Like MoSe2/C Core/Shell Nanostructures for High‐Performance Potassium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Wang Wei , Jiang Bo , Qian Chang , Lv Fan , Feng Jianrui , Zhou Jinhui , Wang Kai , Yang Chao , Yang Yong , Guo Shaojun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPotassium‐ion batteries (KIBs) have recently attracted intensive attention because of the abundant potassium resources and their low cost and high safety. However, the major challenge faced by KIBs lies in the lack of stable and high‐capacity materials for the intercalation/deintercalation of large‐size potassium ions. A unique pistachio‐shuck‐like MoSe2/C core/shell nanostructure (PMC) is synthesized herein as an advanced anode for boosting the performance of KIBs. This PMC is featured with a few layers of molybdenum selenide as the core with an expanded interlayer spacing of ≈0.85 nm, facilitating the intercalation/deintercalation of K ions, and a thin amorphous carbon as the shell, which can confine the active molybdenum selenide nanosheets during cycling for maintaining the high structural stability. Most importantly, as a whole, the PMC has the advantages of reducing the surplus hollow interior space for improving its packing density and buffering the volume expansion during the K‐ion intercalation for further enhancing the stability. As a consequence, the PMC shows a very high capacity of 322 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 over 100 cycles, and can still remain 226 mAh g−1 at 1.0 A g−1 for a long period of 1000 cycles, which is among the best‐reported KIBs anodes.
In Situ Growth of Cobalt Nanoparticles Encapsulated Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanotubes among Ti3C2Tx (MXene) Matrix for Oxygen Reduction and Evolution
Authors: Zhang Youkui , Jiang Hongliang , Lin Yunxiang , Liu Hengjie , He Qun , Wu Chuanqiang , Duan Tao , Song Li 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMXene with unique layered structure and rich chemical compositions has been extensively investigated for lithium‐ion batteries, electrochemical capacitors, and hydrogen storage medium, but less attention has been paid to its electrocatalytic potential might due to nonideal activity. Here, an in situ growth strategy is developed to synthesize a new type of composite with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) supported on the surface of Ti3C2Tx MXene (Co/N‐CNTs@Ti3C2Tx) as bifunctional electrocatalyst toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). By combining the X‐ray photoelectron detection with synchrotron‐based soft X‐ray spectroscopic characterizations, the strong interfacial coupling and electron transfer are efficiently identified, which can effectively facilitate the bifunctional electrocatalytic performance of Co/N‐CNTs@Ti3C2Tx toward ORR and OER in alkaline solution. The present strategy provides a facile route for the design of the hybrids of CNTs and MXene for bifunctional electrocatalysis.
Growth of Centimeter‐Scale Monolayer and Few‐Layer WSe2 Thin Films on SiO2/Si Substrate via Pulsed Laser Deposition
Authors: Seo Sehun , Choi Hojoong , Kim So‐Young , Lee Jongmin , Kim Kihyeun , Yoon Sejun , Lee Byoung Hun , Lee Sanghan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTo date, the fabrication of highly uniform large‐scale monolayer and few‐layer p‐type WSe2 throughout the entire substrate, especially on SiO2/Si substrates is significantly challenging and one of the most important issues. Here, the fabrication of highly uniform monolayer and few‐layer WSe2 thin films on a centimeter‐scale SiO2/Si substrate via pulsed laser deposition is reported. The number of WSe2 layers and the thickness, controlled by varying the number of laser pulses, is determined by transmission electron microscopy analysis. The high uniformity of the as‐grown WSe2 thin film on the entire SiO2/Si substrate is verified by the uniform Raman peak position and intensity, estimated by Raman mapping. Using a conventional photolithography process, field effect transistors based on the as‐grown WSe2 thin films are fabricated and their electrical characteristic is analyzed.
Kirigami‐Inspired 3D Organic Light‐Emitting Diode (OLED) Lighting Concepts
Authors: Kim Taehwan , Price Jared S. , Grede Alex , Lee Sora , Choi Gihoon , Guan Weihua , Jackson Thomas N. , Giebink Noel C. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAs the technical performance and reliability of white organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) begin to mature, broader adoption in the lighting market will increasingly rely on exploiting the unique aesthetic opportunities that OLEDs afford. Here, kirigami‐based concepts that enable ultraflexible thin film OLEDs to be cut, folded, and “popped up” into a variety of 3D shapes ranging from globes to candle flame mimics are used. It is demonstrated that large area (>15 cm2) OLEDs fabricated and encapsulated on sub‐50 µm thick polyimide films can be cut and folded into 3D with negligible impact on their efficiency and electrical characteristics. These results point to an alternate paradigm for OLED lighting that moves beyond traditional 2D panels toward 3D designs that deliver unique and creative new opportunities for lighting.
Noncontact and High‐Accuracy Smart Thermosensors Based on the Thermal‐Field Resistivity Response of Conducting Polymers
Authors: Jiang Yuqian , Zang Xiaoling , Wang Xusheng , Ma Xinlei , Ji Junhui , Lu Conghua , Xue Mianqi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCompared to traditional thermometers, second‐generation (2G) thermosensors with noncontact property have attracted huge interest in practical demands of intelligent life. Hereinto, conducting polymers, widely used in optoelectronic devices, play a significant role in developing such 2G sensors. This is due to their intrinsic unique physical and electrical properties, arising directly from strong intrachain π‐electron delocalization and weak interchain couplings. An innovative progress for the fabrication of conducting polymer‐based smart fiber thermosensors (CPSFT sensors) beyond the traditional contact‐based ones is reported here. The CPSFT sensors work based on the resistivity response of the conducting polymer and light‐emitting diode optical ranging. This CPSFT sensor owns various advantages over traditional ones, such as noncontact, low cost, passive early warning, high accuracy, fast response, wide applications, and facile large‐scale fabrication. These superiorities are in favor of fabricating smart thermal sensors to satisfy the needs in future life, and thus improving the industrialization of hi‐tech but easily prepared 2G thermal sensors.
Buried deep beyond the veil of extinction: Euphyllophyte relationships at the base of the spermatophyte clade
Authors: Toledo Selin , Bippus Alexander C. , Tomescu Alexandru M. F. 
Published: June 2018

Premise of the StudyThe deep origin and early evolution of seed plants (spermatophytes) are poorly understood. Starting in the Early Devonian, euphyllophytes diversified rapidly into several groups. Two of these groups, progymnospems and Stenokoleales, along with satellite taxa, have been involved in discussions of seed plant origins. Because these early lineages are extinct, the key to the origin and early evolution of seed plants lies in the fossil record. Decades‐long paleobotanical work has produced data on the diversity and anatomy of fossil species, which now provide a foundation for exploring seed plant origins in a phylogenetic context.MethodsWe address phylogenetic relationships between early seed plants, aneurophytalean progymnosperms, Stenokoleales, and several Devonian species of uncertain affinities using parsimony analyses that include 28 anatomically preserved species (the most comprehensive taxon sampling to date) and 49 morphoanatomical characters (including nine continuous characters).Key ResultsOur analyses recover monophyletic seed plants, Stenokoleales, and aneurophytes, with the latter placed as sister to a clade (termed the bilateral clade) that includes the former two. When added in the analysis, continuous characters based on anatomy improve phylogenetic resolution.ConclusionsOur results support the groups defined by traditional taxonomy, resolve Stenokoleales nested among the lignophytes, and indicate that seed plants may share a closer ancestor with Stenokoleales than with aneurophytes. Additionally, our trees suggest a Givetian minimum age for the seed plant ancestor, a late Emsian minimum age for the Stenokoleales, and early Emsian minimum ages for lignophytes, the bilateral clade, and the aneurophyte ancestor.
Oxidation‐Induced para‐Selective Formylation of N,N‐Substituted Aniline
Authors: Sun Li , Yao Anjin , Wang Haiyan , Zhang Limei , Zeng Lizhen , Huang Zhiliang , Gao Meng , Lei Aiwen 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSelective formylation of aromatic C−H bonds is of great importance, since aromatic aldehydes are valuable synthetic intermediates in organic chemistry. Recently, an impressive progress has been made in this field. However, an effective strategy for the selective formylation of N,N‐substituted anilines is still needed. In this regard, we disclose a novel oxidant‐induced para‐selective formylation of N,N‐substituted aniline towards the synthesis of aromatic aldehydes in this work. Using DDQ as the sole oxidant, various N,N‐substituted anilines could be transformed into the desired formylation products under metal‐free conditions, and the yield is up to 92 %.
Towards a Sustainable Synthesis of Oxymethylene Dimethyl Ether by Homogeneous Catalysis and Uptake of Molecular Formaldehyde
Authors: Peter Andreas , Fehr Samuel M. , Dybbert Valentin , Himmel Daniel , Lindner Ines , Jacob Eberhard , Ouda Mohamed , Schaadt Achim , White Robin J. , Scherer Harald , Krossing Ingo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractOxymethylene dimethyl ethers (OMEn; CH3(‐OCH2‐)nO‐CH3, n=3–5) are a novel class of sustainable synthetic fuels, which are of increasing interest due to their soot‐free combustion. Herein a novel anhydrous OMEn synthesis route is presented. Catalyzed by trimethyloxonium salts, dimethoxymethane takes up monomeric gaseous formaldehyde instantaneously and forms high purity OMEn at temperatures of 25–30 °C. This new anhydrous approach using molecular formaldehyde and catalytic amounts of highly active trimethyloxonium salts represents a promising new step towards a sustainable formation of OMEn emanating from CO2 and H2.
Selective Methylation of Arenes: A Radical C−H Functionalization/Cross‐Coupling Sequence
Authors: Serpier Fabien , Pan Fei , Ham Won Seok , Jacq Jérôme , Genicot Christophe , Ritter Tobias 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA selective, nonchelation‐assisted methylation of arenes has been developed. The overall transformation, which combines a C−H functionalization reaction with a nickel‐catalyzed cross‐coupling, offers rapid access to methylated arenes with high para selectivity. The reaction is amenable to late‐stage methylation of small‐molecule pharmaceuticals.
Structural‐Distortion‐Driven Magnetic Transformation from Ferro‐ to Ferrimagnetic Iron Chains in B6‐based Nb6FeIr6B8
Authors: Sharma Neetika , Mbarki Mohammed , Zhang Yuemei , Huq Ashfia , Fokwa Boniface P. T. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe report on a structural distortion of kinetically stable B6‐based ferromagnetic Nb6FeIr6B8 that induces an unprecedented transformation of a ferromagnetic Fe chain into two ferrimagnetic Fe chains through superstructure formation. Density functional theory calculations showed that the ferromagnetic Fe–Fe intrachain interactions found in the undistorted structure become ferrimagnetic in the distorted superstructure, mainly because the two independent iron atoms building each chain interact antiferromagnetically and carry different magnetic moments. High‐temperature SQUID magnetometry confirmed ferrimagnetic ordering at 525 K with a high and negative Weiss constant of −972 K indicating the presence of strong antiferromagnetic interactions, as predicted. This finding paves the way for the development of low‐dimensional magnetic intermetallic systems based on Heisenberg ferrimagnetic chains, which have previously been studied only in molecular‐based compounds.
Manganese‐Catalyzed Hydrofunctionalization of Alkenes
Authors: Carney Jonathan R. , Dillon Barry R. , Campbell Leonie , Thomas Stephen P. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe manganese‐catalyzed hydrosilylation and hydroboration of alkenes has been developed using a single manganese(II) precatalyst and reaction protocol. Both reactions proceed with excellent control of regioselectivity and in high yields across a variety of sterically and electronically differentiated substrates (25 examples). Alkoxide activation, using NaOtBu, was key to precatalyst activation and reactivity. Catalysis was achieved across various functional groups and on gram‐scale for both the developed methodologies with catalysts loadings as low as 0.5 mol %.
Polyoxometalates as Potential Next‐Generation Metallodrugs in the Combat Against Cancer
Authors: Bijelic Aleksandar , Aureliano Manuel , Rompel Annette 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPolyoxometalates (POMs) are an emerging class of inorganic metal oxides, which over the last decades demonstrated promising biological activities by the virtue of their great diversity in structures and properties. They possess high potential for the inhibition of various tumor types; however, their unspecific interactions with biomolecules and toxicity impede their clinical usage. The current focus of the field of biologically active POMs lies on organically functionalized and POM‐based nanocomposite structures as these hybrids show enhanced anticancer activity and significantly reduced toxicity towards normal cells in comparison to unmodified POMs. Although the antitumor activity of POMs is well documented, their mechanisms of action are still not well understood. In this Review, an overview is given of the cytotoxic effects of POMs with a special focus on POM‐based hybrid and nanocomposite structures. Furthermore, we aim to provide proposed mode of actions and to identify molecular targets. POMs are expected to develop into the next generation of anticancer drugs that selectively target cancer cells while sparing healthy cells.
Meta-analysis of the effect of bariatric surgery on physical function
Authors: Adil M T , Jain V , Rashid F , Al-taan O , Whitelaw D , Jambulingam P 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Background
Obesity leads to an impairment of physical function that limits the ability to perform basic physical activities affecting quality of life. Literature on the effect of bariatric surgery on physical function is confounding and generally of low quality.

Methods
A comprehensive search was undertaken using MEDLINE, Scopus (including Embase), CENTRAL, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Scirus and OpenGrey for published research and non-published studies to 31 March 2017. Studies employing objective measurement and self-reporting of physical function before and after bariatric surgery were included. The magnitude of experimental effect was calculated in terms of the standardized mean difference (MD), and confidence intervals were set at 95 per cent to reflect a significance level of 0·05.

Results
Thirty studies including 1779 patients met the inclusion criteria. Physical function improved after bariatric surgery at 0–6 months (MD 0·90, 95 per cent c.i. 0·60 to 1·21; P &lt; 0·001), more than 6 to 12 months (MD 1·06, 0·76 to 1·35; P &lt; 0·001) and more than 12 to 36 months (MD 1·30, 1·07 to 1·52; P &lt; 0·001). Objective assessment of physical function after bariatric surgery showed improvement at 0–6 months (MD 0·94, 0·57 to 1·32; P &lt; 0·001), more than 6 to 12 months (MD 0·77, 0·15 to 1·40; P = 0·02) and more than 12 to 36 months (MD 1·04, 0·40 to 1·68; P = 0·001). Self-reported assessment of physical function showed similar improvements at 0–6 months (MD 0·80, 0·12 to 1·47; P = 0·02), more than 6 to 12 months (MD 1·42, 1·23 to 1·60; P &lt; 0·001) and more than 12 to 36 months (MD 1·41, 1·20 to 1·61; P &lt; 0·001) after a bariatric procedure.

Conclusion
Bariatric surgery improves physical function significantly within 6 months of the procedure and this effect persists over time to 36 months after surgery, whether measured objectively or by self-reporting.
Clinicopathological features and outcome of type 3 gastric neuroendocrine tumours
Authors: Min B-H , Hong M , Lee J H , Rhee P-L , Sohn T S , Kim S , Kim K-M , Kim J J 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Background
With the widespread use of endoscopy, small and low-grade type 3 gastric neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are increasingly being detected. The clinicopathological features, biological behaviour and appropriate treatment strategy for these NETs remain unclear.

Methods
Patients with biopsy-proven gastric NET and a normal fasting serum gastrin level were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Clinicopathological features and long-term outcome of local resection for type 3 NETs were reviewed retrospectively and compared according to tumour grade.

Results
Some 32 patients with type 3 gastric NETs were included (25 patients with NET grade G1, 5 with G2 and 2 with G3). Pathological tumour size was 2·0 cm or less in 30 patients. All tumours were well differentiated, even G3 lesions, and all tumours but one were confined to the submucosal layer. G1 NETs were significantly smaller and had a significantly lower lymphovascular invasion rate than G2 and G3 NETs. Twenty-two patients with a G1 NET without lymphovascular invasion were treated with wedge or endoscopic resection. After a median follow-up of 59 (range 6–102) months, no patient with a G1 NET of 1·5 cm or smaller developed recurrence and one patient with a G1 NET larger than 1·5 cm had recurrence in a perigastric lymph node. Among seven patients with a G2 or G3 NET, two had lymph node metastasis and one had liver metastases.

Conclusion
Low-grade type 3 gastric NET has non-aggressive features and a favourable prognosis. Wedge or endoscopic resection may be a valid option for patients with type 3 gastric G1 NET no larger than 1·5 cm without lymphovascular invasion.
Hepatitis B vaccination using a dissolvable microneedle patch is immunogenic in mice and rhesus macaques
Authors: Perez Cuevas Monica B. , Kodani Maja , Choi Youkyung , Joyce Jessica , O'Connor Siobhan M. , Kamili Saleem , Prausnitz Mark R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractChronic Hepatitis B virus infection remains a major global public health problem, accounting for about 887,000 deaths in 2015. Perinatal and early childhood infections are strongly associated with developing chronic hepatitis B. Adding a birth dose of the hepatitis B vaccine (HepB BD) to routine childhood vaccination can prevent over 85% of these infections. However, HepB BD coverage remains low in many global regions, with shortages of birth attendants trained to vaccinate and limited HepB BD supply at birth. To address the challenges, we developed coated metal microneedle patches (cMNPs) and dissolvable microneedle patches (dMNPs) that deliver adjuvant‐free hepatitis B vaccine to the skin in a simple‐to‐administer manner. The dMNP contains micron‐scale, solid needles encapsulating vaccine antigen and dissolve in the skin, generating no sharps waste. We delivered HepB BD via cMNP to BALB/c mice and via dMNP to both mice and rhesus macaques. Both cMNP and dMNP were immunogenic, generating hepatitis B surface antibody levels similar to human seroprotection. Biomechanical analysis showed that at high forces the microneedles failed mechanically by yielding but microneedles partially blunted by axial compression were still able to penetrate skin. Overall, this study indicates that with further development, dMNPs could offer a method of vaccination to increase HepB BD access and reduce needle waste in developing countries.
Bad times are not good times for revolutions: Collective deprivation and the mobilization level of French radical movements (1882–1980)
Authors: Varaine Simon 
Published: June 2018

AbstractContrary to a popular belief, research has generally found no relationship between collective economic deprivation and the rise of radical political movements. On the other hand, various studies show that collective economic deprivation generates societal surges of conservatism. I therefore hypothesize that the absence of a relationship between collective deprivation and radical movements covers up opposite effects of collective deprivation depending on the ideology of radical movements: Reactionary (i.e., conservative radical) movements should mobilize more in times of collective deprivation, whereas revolutionary (i.e., progressive radical) movements should mobilize more in times of collective improvement. This paper tests this hypothesis via a new database measuring the level of mobilization of French radical organizations from 1882 to 1980. Statistical analyses confirm that collective deprivation, operationalized by long‐term economic recession and long‐term growth of inequality, increases the mobilization of reactionary movements and decreases the mobilization of revolutionary movements. These results contradict the view that economic conditions have no role in triggering radical movements and support recent development of system justification theory implying that ideology matters in the explanation of collective action.
Making sense of endovascular therapies for femoropopliteal disease
Authors: Altin S. Elissa , Abbott J. Dawn 
Published: June 2018

Key Points

The femoropoliteal segment is a common target for endovascular intervention and the unique biomechanical forces on the arteries increase the risk of restenosis
This large meta‐analysis supports drug coated balloons as the initial endovascular strategy due to lower risk of target lesion revascularization compared to other modalities
Whether there are subgroups of patients or lesion types that benefit from an alternative revascularization approach is unclear and warrants investigation
Transcatheter treatment of aortic regurgitation: Still enigmatic
Authors: Block Peter C. 
Published: June 2018

Key Points

In the thirty patients with aortic regurgitation in the Jupiter Postmarket Registry, initial device success of JenaValve implantation showed a high success rate of >95% with a device success rate of ∼89%. At one year transvalvar aortic gradients were an acceptable ∼13 mm Hg.
Aortic regurgitation in patients in the Jupiter Postmarket Registry continued to be reduced at one‐year follow‐up with no/trace aortic regurgitation in 50% (though numbers are small).
Patients with aortic regurgitation constitute a small number (∼10–15%) of patients with symptomatic aortic valve disease, and follow‐up numbers in the Jupiter Postmarket Registry are small (30 patients) with one year echo data in only 23 patients, making broad conclusions about JenaValve results for patients with aortic regurgitation problematic.
Bifurcation lesion assessment with advanced quantitative coronary angiography: A method still wanting
Authors: Kern Morton J. , Seto Arnold H. 
Published: June 2018

Key Points

Bifurcations are particularly prone to errors in visual estimation of diameter stenosis.
Dedicated bifurcation QCA software confirmed only 26–27% of side branch lesions visually estimated to have >50% DS.
Validation against physiologic measures is necessary to determine whether bifurcation QCA software has value.
Long‐term clinical observations for a biofunctionalized stent: Yet to deliver their theoretical benefits
Authors: Nakamura Kenta , Dean Larry S. 
Published: June 2018

Key Points

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) may allow accelerated and functional endothelialization of stents, theoretically reducing late stent complications as well reducing the duration of DAPT.
In a pilot study of 193 patients at high risk of target vessel failure (TVF), the Genous EPC capturing stent (ESC) and TAXUS Liberté paclitaxel‐eluting second‐generation stent (PES) were similar at 5‐years.
Events rates appear higher for ESC within the first‐year followed by higher rate of complications for PES during years 2–5.
A larger randomized multi‐center trials powered for non‐inferiority of ECS to PES is underway.