bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Where syntax meets pragmatics: varieties of de se and control structures
Authors: Delfitto Denis , Fiorin Gaetano 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
In this contribution, we offer an original analysis of the relation between control structures, de se readings and Immunity to Error through Misidentification. We propose that control structures are the result of an operation of Thematic Overwriting (TO), which conflates two thematic roles into one and delivers a logical representation whereby two properties are predicated of a unique argument. The account we propose explains a number of facts concerning control structures: (i) The fact that control structures are bound to the expression of de se attitudes; (ii) that fact that some control structures – more precisely, those control structures involving an Experiencer subject – are bound to the expression of implicit de se attitudes, that is, de se propositional attitudes that are immune to error through misidentification; (iii) the contrast between optional and non-optional control; (iv) the contrast between partial and exhaustive control. The account we propose also predicts a diachronic constraint on the emergence of control structures, whereby TO first emerges in the context of implicit de se attitudes and only later is extended to other de se contexts. This prediction is supported by the attested development of control structures from Old English (OE) through early Modern English (ENE) and Middle English (ME) to Modern English.
Cognition and recognition
Authors: Salmon Nathan 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Expressions are synonymous if they have the same semantic content. Complex expressions are synonymously isomorphic in Alonzo Church’s sense if one is obtainable from the other by a sequence of alphabetic changes of bound variables or replacements of component expressions by syntactically simple synonyms. Synonymous isomorphism provides a very strict criterion for synonymy of sentences. Several eminent philosophers of language hold that synonymous isomorphism is not strict enough. These philosophers hold that ‘Greeks prefer Greeks’ and ‘Greeks prefer Hellenes’ express different propositions even if they are synonymously isomorphic. They hold that the very recurrence (multiple occurrence) of ‘Greeks’ contributes to the proposition expressed something that indicates the very recurrence in question. Kit Fine argues that this thesis, which he labels semantic relationism calls for a radically new conception of semantics. I have argued that the relevant phenomenon is wholly pragmatic, entirely non-semantic. Here I supplement the case with a new argument. No cognition without recognition—or almost none. With this observation, standard Millianism has sufficient resources to confront Frege’s puzzle and related problems without injecting pragmatic phenomena where they do not belong.
Trading Old for New: Econobiology and Econophysics as Explanatory Frameworks of Current Financial System
Authors: Ursu Iuliana Maria , Bilti Raluca Simina 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The present study aim is to deliver a succinct overview of the existing literature concerning economic systems, and in particular financial systemsfrom the Econobiology, or the “evolutionary economics” perspective, mainly treated within the Adaptive Market Hypothesis, and the Econophysics perspective.In the heterodox frame, both the A.M.H. and the Econophysics are trying to explain the complexity of financial markets from a „bottom up” perspective, hence „macroscopic” properties are viewed as the result of interactions at the level of the ‘microscopic’ constituents (Rickles, 2011, p.531-565). Given the expanded level of information we can access nowadays, we consider that an important attention should be given to the inclusion of both perspectives as explanatory frameworks of the financial markets.
Composite Sequential Modeling for Identifying Fake Reviews
Authors: Bhargava Rupal , Baoni Anushka , Sharma Yashvardhan 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive analysis and comparison of various proposed sequential models based on different deep networks such as the convolutional neural network, long short-term memory, and recurrent neural network. The different sequential models are analyzed based on the number of layers, the number of output dimensions, order, and the combination of different deep network architectures. The proposed approach is compared to a baseline model based on traditional machine learning techniques.
Speech Signal Compression Algorithm Based on the JPEG Technique
Authors: Hassan Tariq A. , AL-Hashemy Rageed Hussein , Ajel Rehab I. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The main objective of this paper is to explore parameters usually adopted by the JPEG method and use them in speech signal compression. Speech compression is the technique of encoding the speech signal in some way that allows the same speech parameters to represent the whole signal. In other words, it is to eliminate redundant features of speech and keep only the important ones for the next stage of speech reproduction. In this paper, the proposed method is to adopt the JPEG scheme, which is usually used in digital image compression and digital speech signal compression. This will open the door to use some methods that are already designed to fit two-dimensional (2D) signals and use them in a 1D signal world. The method includes many priori steps for preparing the speech signal to make it more comparable with the JPEG technique. In order to examine the quality of the compressed data using the JPEG method, different quantization matrices with different compression levels have been employed within the proposed method. Comparison results between the original signal and the reproduced (decompressed) signal show a huge matching. However, different quantization matrices could reduce the quality of the reproduced signal, but in general, it is still within the range of acceptance.
The Power of Prediction Process in the Tests of Ammunition Elements
Authors: Ampuła Dariusz 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The author reminds the definition of coefficient determination and the idea of the largest credibility method in the introduction of the article. Firstly, the aspect of new coefficient defined by McFadden as a power of prediction process and called pseudo was characterized. The similar type of coefficients proposed by other known statisticians were described. Moreover, the hierarchic way of building the logistic regress model, through adding next variables to adjust an estimated model to empirical data was introduced. Four kinds of variables were analysed, whose adjustment influence on the estimated logistic regress model was affected by the quantity of inconsistences which appeared in the data result. The calculations of parameter made by the McFadden’s, Nagelkerke’s and Cox-Snell’s formulas were presented. Concise conclusions relating to the estimated logistic regress model on the basis of empirical data from tested MD-8 fuses type were introduced in the end of the article and this model was compared to values of coefficient counted in the article. It was stated, that McFadden’s pseudo parameter is most often used and it defines the power of prediction process.
Model of System Safety Related to Climate-Weather Change Process
Authors: Kołowrocki Krzysztof , Soszyńska-Budny Joanna , Torbicki Mateusz 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The article is devoted to the climate-weather change impact on the critical infrastructure safety. A general safety analytical model of the technical system related to the climate-weather change process in its operating area is proposed. It is the integrated model of the complex technical system safety, linking its multistate safety model and the model of the climate-weather change process at its operating area. The conditional safety functions at the climate-weather particular states and the unconditional safety function of the complex system at changing in time climate-weather conditions, the mean value and the variance of the system unconditional lifetime and other safety indicators are defined in general for any critical infrastructure.
Protection of a Control System of a Technical Object from Negative Influence of Human Factors by Using Steganographic Methods
Authors: Afanasyeva Olesya 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
It is difficult to avoid influence of human factor on work of complex technical objects, so safety systems of technical objects have to contain tools of analysis and withstanding possible negative influences from the side of service personnel (SP). To withstand negative influence of human factors on work of a complex technical object, this paper proposes to use steganographic methods of hiding certain information. For that, information is hidden from some members of service personnel (SP), for which the corresponding information is negative. Besides, certain information is hidden from some SP members that can block its transfer in the system of controlling the management process. Methods of implementing the steganographic data concealment are to a great degree dependent on the type of a digital environment that is considered to be used. Introducing the information fragments in a graphic digital environment is performed so that they would be invisible in this environment. Thus, it is necessary for values of parameters that characterize the invisibility degree to be consistent with parameters used to describe the environment itself.
Fuzzy Methods in Risk Estimation of the Ship System Failures Based on the Expert Judgments
Authors: Nguyen Hoang 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The paper presents the fuzzy methods in failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) for estimating the risk of the ship system failures based on the expert judgments. It provides an appropriate representation of the uncertain and ambiguous notions expressed in the natural language. An example of fuzzy intuitionistic FMEA analysis is illustrated in estimating the risk of tanker system failures. The results show that the proposed method in comparison with the traditional FMEA is more effective and useful in estimating the risk of ship system failures based on the expert opinions, available in such cases.
Does initial dosing of levothyroxine in infants with congenital hypothyroidism lead to frequent dose adjustments secondary to iatrogenic hyperthyroidism on follow-up?
Authors: Craven Meghan , Frank Graeme R. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Background:
Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most common preventable cause of intellectual disability. The recommended starting dose of levothyroxine (LT4) is between 10 and 15 μg/kg, an extremely wide range. We hypothesized that a sizable proportion of newborns treated for CH at the higher end of the dosage range become biochemically hyperthyroid at a follow-up visit.

Methods:
This study is a retrospective chart review of infants with CH between 2002 and 2012.

Results:
Of the 104 patients included in this analysis, the average age at diagnosis was 11 days and the average starting dose of LT4 was 12±2.5 μg/kg. At follow-up, 36.5% required a dose reduction because of iatrogenic hyperthyroxinemia, 51% required no dose adjustment and 12.5% required a dose increase due to an elevated thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). The starting doses of LT4 for those requiring a dose reduction, those not requiring an adjustment and those requiring an increase in the dose were 13.2±2.4, 11.5±2.1 and 10.3±2.6 μg/kg/day, respectively (p≤0.0001). Of the 34% of infants treated with an initial dose of >12.5 μg/day, 57.1% required a dose reduction at follow-up, compared to 26.1% of those whose initial starting dose was ≤12.5 μg/kg/day (p=0.007).

Conclusions:
Following the guidelines for initiating therapy for CH, 36.5% of the infants required a dose reduction for iatrogenic hyperthyroxinemia. These infants received a higher dose of LT4 than the infants who either required no adjustment or required an increase in the dose. A narrower range for initial dosing in CH may be appropriate.
Genetic characterization of influenza A(H3N2) viruses from 2014 to 2017 in Yantai, east of China
Authors: Liu Juan , Gong Lian-feng , Sun Zhen-lu , Gao Qiao , Dong Zhao-jing 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Background:
The genetic variations of influenza viruses pose a real challenge to the vaccine strategies and medical treatment of patients.

Methods:
In this study, the molecular epidemiology and evolution of influenza A(H3N2) strains were analyzed from April 2014 to March 2017 in Yantai area of eastern China.

Results:
The phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin (HA) sequences of influenza A(H3N2) showed that all of the influenza A(H3N2) strains during the study period belonged to the genetic clade 3c with the mutations N145S (epitopeA), V186G (epitopeB), P198S (epitopeB) and F219S (epitopeD). Most strains (12/14) of the 2014/2015 season fell into the subgroup 3C.3a characterized by A138S (epitopeA), R142G (epitopeA), F159S (epitopeB) and T128A (epitopeB), while strains isolated from the 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 seasons clustered in 3C.2a shared mutations N144S (epitopeA), F159Y (epitopeB), K160T (epitopeB) and Q311H (epitopeC). The strains isolated from the 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 seasons was were genetically and antigenically distinct from the given vaccine strains. The evaluation of vaccine efficacy (VE) against circulating strains estimated using the pepitope model suggested that little or no protection against circulating strains from 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 seasons was afforded by the given vaccine strains. The sequence analysis of the neuraminidase (NA) showed that all of the analyzed strains had no substitution in the catalytic sites or the framework sites or the supporting the catalytic residues or the oseltamivir resistance substitutions.

Conclusions:
The results of the study suggested that the vaccine strains provided suboptimal protection against influenza A(H3N2) strains, especially in the 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 seasons and the A(H3N2) strains circulating in the Yantai area were still susceptible to NA inhibitors. Continued systematic antigenic and molecular surveillance of the influenza virus is essential to developing strategies for the prevention and control of influenza.
Biderivations of the higher rank Witt algebra without anti-symmetric condition
Authors: Tang Xiaomin , Yang Yu 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The Witt algebra 𝔚
d
of rank d(≥ 1) is the derivation algebra of Laurent polynomial algebras in d commuting variables. In this paper, all biderivations of 𝔚
d
without anti-symmetric condition are determined. As an applications, commutative post-Lie algebra structures on 𝔚
d
are obtained. Our conclusions recover and generalize results in the related papers on low rank or anti-symmetric cases.
Peircean Semiotics and Multimodality: Towards a New Synthesis
Authors: Bateman John A. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The account of signs, signification and meaning set out by the philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce around the beginning of the twentieth century is a foundation stone of modern semiotics. In Peirce’s conception, semiotics concerned the process of signification at its most general and was intrinsically multimodal. It is then logical that contemporary multimodal research should engage with the Peircean view of semiotics. This in turn makes it particularly important that better understandings of the potential interconnections between Peircean semiotics and multimodality be achieved. Until now, however, such interconnections have been limited not only with respect to what has been drawn from Peirce’s account but also with respect to the areas of multimodality concerned. To deepen and broaden communication among approaches to multimodality and between those approaches and Peircean semiotics, this article sets out a reading of Peirce’s ‘mature’ 1903 position on semiotics aimed specifically at improving the utility of the account for multimodal analysis. The article argues that a lack of methodological precision within semiotics has led to relatively impoverished and empirically unreliable analyses. A new synthesis between Peirce’s account and multimodality is proposed as a stronger metatheoretical framework both for addressing multimodality and for drawing more from Peirce.
Crystal structure of bis{catena-poly[(μ2-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane-κ2
N:N′)silver(I)]} diaqua-bis(5-(4-carboxyphenyl)pyridine-2-carboxylato-κ2
N,O)-(μ2-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane-κ2
N:N′)disilver(I) octahydrate, C31H35Ag2N4O9
Authors: Fan Hui-Tao , Ding Jie , Xie Jing-Peng , Wang Kun 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
C31H35Ag2N4O9, triclinic, P1̄ (No. 2), a = 8.8351(5) Å, b = 13.1492(6) Å, c = 14.7094(8) Å, V = 1618.76(15) Å3, α = 85.491(4) Å, β = 84.285(5) Å, γ = 72.413(4) Å, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0382, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0796, T = 293(2) K.
Formal and Professional Requirements for the Staff of Hyperbaric Centres. Part 1
Authors: Siermontowski Piotr , Janas Beata , Olszański Romuald 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This two-part article reviews the current legal situation of specialist staff performing hyperbaric procedures for purposes not related to diving. Numerous discrepancies between the applicable legal acts and the lack of legal regulations concerning procedures not financed from the state budget have been noted. The first significant problem consisted in the lack of a correlation between various Regulations of the Minister of Health concerning hyperbaric oxygenation, as well as inconsistencies with the programmes of medical specialisation effective in Poland. The second problem is the lack of determination requirements of medical personnel other than doctors and nurses in the documents of the Ministry of Health. It was also found that medical hyperbaric centres which do not apply for funding from the budget (National Health Fund), do not even meet the minimum requirements defined as to the qualifications of the staff working there. Moreover, there is a lack of knowledge of the requirements set out in legal acts other than those concerning medicine.
The Investigations on the Impact of the Oxygen Hyperbary on the Immunologic Response of the Organism
Authors: Ulewicz Kazimierz 
Published: May 2018

AbstractKnowledge of the impact of hyperbaric conditions, especially hyperbaric oxygen, on human and animal organisms, is of great theoretical and practical importance, particularly in reference to the increased application of hyperbaric oxygen for therapeutic purposes. It must be said that unfortunately our knowledge on the impact of hyperbaria, including oxygen hyperbaria, on the immunological response of the animal and human organisms is still not sufficient and is incomplete. The Institute of the Naval Medicine of the Naval Academy in Gdynia has been carrying out tests in this field for some years now. The tests have been carried out on animals (rabbits, guinea pigs) as well as on humans (commercial divers, scuba divers, and candidates to these activities) within immunology investigations. The impact of hyperbaric oxygen at pressures ranging between 2.8 and 3.1 ata, in single or multiple expositions, have been tested as well as the relations between hyperbaria in air and the different conditions of the exposure.The study revealed important shifts in the immunological response of both the animals and humans.
Electric field-induced alignment of MWCNTs during the processing of PP/MWCNT composites: effects on electrical, dielectric, and rheological properties
Authors: Yang Zhitao , Tong Yizhang , Xu Wenhua , Yin Xiaochun , Zhang Guizhen , Qu Jinping 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
High-frequency electric field (HEF) was applied to prepare aligned carbon nanotube (CNT)-reinforced polypropylene (PP) matrix composites during the compression molding process in this article. The effects of the alignment of multiwalled CNTs (MWCNTs) in the PP matrix under HEF on the electrical, dielectric, and rheological properties of the resulting composites were reported. The results showed that the composites prepared in the presence of the electric field had better conductivity than those of the untreated composites. The dielectric property measurement indicates that MWCNTs aligning along the direction of the imposed electric field greatly improved the dielectric properties of composites. Rheological analysis showed that the storage modulus of the aligning direction samples is higher than the value of the untreated composites and the microstructure of the composite has been changed due to the effect of HEF.
Explaining Gender Differences in Socioeconomic and Political Objectives in the Middle East
Authors: Wu Fengyu , Nugent Jeffrey B. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this article is identify and explain gender differences in eight important socioeconomic attitudes and political priorities among randomized samples of both males and females in 21 countries of the broadly defined Middle East. The attitudes and political priorities examined include the low status of women, lack of democracy, absence of a competitive private sector, income inequality and reliance on the military. In each case decomposition methods are used to divide these differences into those due to differences in the underlying characteristics of males and females and those due to differences in the effect of those characteristics
Public Budget Contributions to the European Rail Sector
Authors: Schäfer Jan Thomas , Götz Georg 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This paper provides an analysis of the funding structure of the railways in eight European countries. It updates and expands the well-known database on public contributions to rail, which has initially been published by [NERA (2004) Study of the Financing of and Public Budget Contributions to Railways: A Final Report for European Commission, DG TREN. London: NERA National Economic Research Associates.]. The analysis shows that there are large differences concerning the focus of granted funds which can be explained by different policy objectives, differences in the level and degree of network access charges and different cost coverage ratios of public transport services. We identify a tendency towards two main financing models. In our data-set countries either focus their support payments on the operation of the infrastructure, which implies lower network charges and thus a lower amount of necessary Public Service Compensations, or they focus on the support of transport services with a higher degree of cost coverage of network charges and thus a lower amount of operating contributions paid to the infrastructure manager. The structure of funds, different approaches of infrastructure financing and differences in the treatment of historical debt are likely to have an influence on the performance of the investigated railway systems.