bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE PROJECTIONS OF THE ENGLISH POLITICS IN THE CAUCASIA/CENTRAL ASIA AND THE BLACK SEA AGAINST THE RUSSIAN EXPANSIONISM IN THE 19TH CENTURY IN THE WORKS OF EDMUND SPENCER
Authors: KUŞ Ayşegül 
Published: March 2019

Russia was born
from a little Moscow principality whose name was only known as the town border
in the 12th century completed her formation in 14th and 16th centuries. In the mid of the 16th century during the
reign of IV. Ivan (Terrible Ivan) the Muslim khanet called Kazan in the region
of Volga was taken by Russia in 1552.
Then Russia invaded Astrahan in 1556 and made a great achievement in
order to realize her objectives in the region. Since that date, she had
continued to follow an expansionist policy in the direction of the east and the
south. Especially during the reign of I. Petro, Russia set her own strategic
objectives and considered descending the warmer seas as her main strategy. In
addition, the Central Asia and Caucasia were determined as the major places of
maintenance of Russia as well. In the mid of the 17th century, she was able to
cross the Asia Continent in the eastern direction and she could reach the Pacific
Ocean. During the 18th century when the
the wars between Ottoman State and Russia resulted against the Ottoman Empire.
Russia also managed to settle in the Black Sea. Thus Russia turned into a big
power and the threat in the north for the Ottoman State. Up on these
developments, Russia became not only a threat for the Ottoman Empire but also
it was considered as a big threat for England, who regarded her Indian route
very essential for her political and economic interests. In this context, the purpose of this study
aims to analyze and track the politics and the policy followed by England in
order to ınderstand the nature of the political relations and the political
atmosphere in the region in the 19th century through the impressions and
observations of the English traveler named as Edmund Spencer exploiting his
three works thus making some contributions to the field of literature.
Obstruktif Uyku Apne Ön Tanısında Tiroid Fonksiyon Testlerinin Önemi ve Gerekliliği
Authors: DOĞAN Deniz , ÖCAL Nesrin 
Published: March 2019

Amaç:
Obstruktif
uyku apne sendromu (OUAS); horlama, gündüz uyuklama, kilo fazlalığı, apati
ve/veya letarji gibi hipotiroidizmde de sıklıkla izlenebilen non-spesifik
semptomlarla ortaya çıkan bir klinik tablodur. Bu açıdan hipotiroidizm ile
ayırıcı tanısının dikkatli bir şekilde yapılması önemlidir. Gereç
ve Yöntemler: Uykuda solunum bozuklukları ön tanısı ile
tüm gece PSG testine alınan 309 hastanın verileri retrospektif olarak
incelendi. Hastalara ait demografik veriler, vücut kile indeksleri, PSG
skorları ve tiroid fonksiyon test sonuçları derlendi. Bulgular:
Tüm olguların genel yaş ortalaması 38.46 ± 12.34, vücut kitle indeksi (VKİ) ise
28.14 ± 4.08 olarak saptandı. Olguların 279’u (%90.3) erkek, 30’u (%9.7)
kadındı. Olguların 91’inde (%29.45) AHİ&lt;5 olup bu olgular OUAS olmayan grup
olarak tanımlandı. 80 olguda (%25.89) hafif OUAS, 60’ında (%19.42) orta OUAS,
78’inde (%25.24) ise ağır OUAS saptandı (Tablo1). Tüm olguların tiroid
fonksiyon testleri incelendiğinde toplam 16 olguda (%5.59) hipotiroidizm
saptandı. Bu olguların 5’i OUAS olmayan grupta, 11’i ise OUAS saptanan
gruptaydı. OUAS olmayan grupta hipotiroidizm sıklığı %6.17 olarak izlenirken,
OUAS tanısı konulanlarda %5.36 oranında hipotiroidi görülmekteydi.

Sonuç:
Hipotiroidi saptanan olguların %50’sinin OUAS olmayan veya hafif OUAS grubunda
olmaları, tiroid fonksiyonlarının mutlaka incelenmesi gerekliliğini ortaya
koymaktadır. OUAS benzeri semptomlarla başvuran hastalarda kolay uygulanabilir
bir tarama yöntemi olan tiroid fonksiyon testlerinin yapılması klinik açıdan
önemli ve gereklidir.
Bir Ortaöğretim Kurumunda Akran Zorbalığının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Aslıhan , TEZEL Ayfer , ÖZTÜRK Fatma Özlem 
Published: March 2019

Amaç:
Zorbalık,
önlem alınmazsa ciddi fiziksel ve
ruhsal travmalara neden olabilen bir şiddet uygulama
biçimidir. Okul
döneminde öğrencilerin kişilik gelişimlerini ve akademik başarılarını olumsuz
yönde etkileyen sorunlar arasında akran zorbalığı da yer almaktadır.
Bu çalışma bir ortaöğretim kurumundaki öğrencilerin akran zorbalığına maruz kalma ve
zorbalık yapma durumlarını değerlendirmek amacıyla
yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem:
Tanımlayıcı nitelikte olan çalışma, 2015-2016 eğitim öğretim yılı bahar
döneminde Ankara İl
Merkezi’nde 296 öğrencisi bulunan bir ortaokulda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Örneklem
seçimine gidilmeden, araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden 240 öğrenci çalışma
kapsamına alınmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri kişisel bilgi formu, Akran
Zorbalığı Kurbanlarını Belirleme Ölçeği (AZKBÖ) ve Akran Zorbalarını Belirleme Ölçeği
(AZBÖ) ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizi SPSS 21.0
istatistik programı ile yapılmıştır.Bulgular: Araştırma
kapsamına alınan öğrencilerin %53,3’ünün erkek, %31,7’sinin 7. sınıf öğrencisi olduğu,
%87,5’inin anne babası ile birlikte yaşadığı belirlenmiştir. Araştırma
kapsamına alınan öğrencilerin %10,8’inin zorbalık yaptığı, %13,8’inin zorbalığa
maruz kaldığı, %4,6’sının hem zorba hem
kurban ve %80’inin ne zorba ne de kurban olduğu belirlenmiştir. Cinsiyet,
öğrencinin okulu sevme durumu ile AZBÖ puan ortalamaları arasında, öğrencilerin
okuduğu sınıf ile AZKBÖ puan ortalamaları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı
fark saptanmıştır (p&lt;0,05).

Sonuç:
Öğrencilerin
kurban, zorba veya hem zorba hem kurban rolünü üstlendikleri belirlenmiştir.
Okul sağlığı hizmetleri kapsamında akran zorbalığını engellemeye yönelik
stratejiler geliştirmeye ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.
Joinpoint Trend Analysis of Infant Mortality Disparities in Wisconsin, 1999–2016
Authors: Gennuso Keith P. , Kindig David A. , Givens Marjory L. 
Published: March 2019

Objectives. To address shortcomings of previous research exploring trends in racial, educational, and race by educational disparities in infant mortality rates (IMRs) by using nonlinear methods to compare improvement within and between disparity domains. Methods. We used joinpoint regression modeling to perform a cross-sectional analysis of IMR trends from linked birth and death certificates in Wisconsin between 1999 and 2016. Results. In the race and education domains, IMR decreased by 1.9% per year for infants of White mothers and 1.1% per year for infants of less-educated mothers. Further analysis showed these IMR reductions to be among infants of White mothers with more education (–0.6%/year) and Black mothers with less education (–2.0%/year). Conclusions. As previously reported, gaps in IMR by race and education in Wisconsin appear to be closing; however, only the change by education is statistically significant. Evidence suggests the racial divide in IMR might soon widen after years of progress in reducing IMR among infants of Black mothers. Public Health Implications. Those advancing strategies to address IMR disparities should pursue data and methods that provide the most accurate and refined information about the challenges that persist and progress that has been realized.
Evidence-Based Public Health Provided Through Local Health Departments: Importance of Academic–Practice Partnerships
Authors: Erwin Paul Campbell , Parks Renee G. , Mazzucca Stephanie , Allen Peg , Baker Elizabeth A. , Hu Hengrui , Davis-Joyce Johnnetta , Brownson Ross C. 
Published: March 2019

Objectives. To determine the extent to which US local health departments (LHDs) are engaged in evidence-based public health and whether this is influenced by the presence of an academic health department (AHD) partnership. Methods. We surveyed a cross-sectional stratified random sample of 579 LHDs in 2017. We ascertained the extent of support for evidence-based decision-making and the use of evidence-based interventions in several chronic disease programs and whether the LHD participated in a formal, informal, or no AHD partnership. Results. We received 376 valid responses (response rate 64.9%). There were 192 (51.6%) LHDs with a formal, 80 (21.6%) with an informal, and 99 (26.7%) with no AHD partnership. Participants with formal AHD partnerships reported higher perceived organizational supports for evidence-based decision-making and interventions compared with either informal or no AHD partnerships. The odds of providing 1 or more chronic disease evidence-based intervention were significantly higher in LHDs with formal AHD partnerships compared with LHDs with no AHD partnerships (adjusted odds ratio = 2.3; 95% confidence interval = 1.3, 4.0). Conclusions. Formal academic–practice partnerships can be important means for advancing evidence-based decision-making and for implementing evidence-based programs and policies.
The Jamkhed Comprehensive Rural Health Project and the Alma-Ata Vision of Primary Health Care
Authors: Perry Henry B. , Rohde Jon 
Published: March 2019

The Jamkhed Comprehensive Rural Health Project (Jamkhed CRHP) was established in central India in 1970. The Jamkhed CRHP approach, developed by Rajanikant and Mabelle Arole, was instrumental in influencing the concepts and principles embedded in the 1978 Declaration of Alma-Ata. The Jamkhed CRHP pioneered provision of services close to people’s homes, use of health teams (including community workers), community engagement, integration of services, and promotion of equity, all key elements of the declaration. The extraordinary contributions that the Jamkhed CRHP has made as it approaches its 50th anniversary need to be recognized as the world celebrates the 40th anniversary of the International Conference on Primary Health Care and the writing of the declaration. We describe the early influence of the Jamkhed CRHP on the declaration as well as the work at Jamkhed, its notable influence in improving the health of the people it has served and continues to serve, the remarkable contributions it has made to training people from around India and the world, and its remarkable influences on programs and policies in India and beyond.
Parental Leave, Lactation, and Childcare Policies at Top US Schools of Public Health
Authors: Morain Stephanie , Schoen Lauren , Marty Makenna , Schwarz Eleanor Bimla 
Published: March 2019

Objectives. To describe policies related to parental leave, breastfeeding, and childcare for faculty and staff at top schools of public health in the United States. Methods. We identified the top 25 schools of public health from the US News and World Report rankings. We reviewed each institutional Web site to identify publicly available policies as of July 2018. Results. For birth mothers, 80% (20/25) of the schools provided paid childbearing leave to faculty (mean = 8.2 weeks), and 48% (12/25) provided paid childbearing leave for staff (mean = 5.0 weeks). For nonbirth parents, 68% (17/25) provided paid parental leave for faculty and 52% (13/25) for staff (range = 1–15 weeks). We found that 64% (16/25) of the schools had publicly available lactation policies, and 72% (18/25) of the schools had at least 1 university-run on-campus childcare center. Conclusions. The majority of top US schools of public health provide paid leave to faculty birth mothers. However, most schools fall short of the 14 weeks recommended by the American Public Health Association.
Souped-Up Search Engines Wrangle Drilling, Completions Data
Authors: Zborowski Matt 
Published: March 2019

The upstream industry’s pervasive struggle to account for and make use of its data has become almost cliché. But it is a reality—even though the industry is now multiple years into its digitalization phase.
Among the many entrepreneurs and researchers coming up with solutions, two entities have leveraged data donations from big operators in an effort to make data access as quick and easy as a Google search.
A big operator, which may have interests in basins all over the world, adds terabytes upon terabytes of data from its wells each day to the generations of data it has already accumulated over decades. These large, disparate sets of information come both structured and unstructured from a variety of sources. Interpretations of those records can vary depending on the terminology used by the faceless person or program that put them together.
Externally, a large portion of operator data is still stowed in a disorganized manner on servers owned by multiple electronic drilling recorder providers, observed Pradeep Ashok, senior research scientist in the drilling and rig automation group at the University of Texas’s Hildebrand Department of Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering, one of the entities tackling this problem.
Operators can download the data, view the data through a web interface, and perform analysis locally. But the more ideal option would be to have all the data readily accessible in a data store within the company.
Internally, in many cases, data sit in different silos within a company, spread across different physical locations. And the people who work with that data are not static entities: When the downturn hit a few years ago and layoffs occurred, gobs of data were left stranded. Opera-tors are still trying to account for that lost information.
Unless companies implement “a system that can deal with the volume of data created every day, they will continue to be challenged,” said Frank Perez, chief executive officer of Sfile, a software firm that has set out to help operators make the most of their data.
Perez noted an instance when an operator asked Sfile to train its system to identify and collect all of the company’s hydraulic fracturing pump curves and transform them into a normalized data feature set. The operator initially estimated that it had 10,000 pump curves, but, after Sfile got a hold of its data, it determined that the company actually had 65,000. “We were able to facilitate a massive database of pressure information that was used to basically build a new reservoir model,” he said. “It was just something that they didn’t even expect they had.”
It is a common trend observed by Perez: Companies have way more data than they realize, and the possibilities that come with leveraging that data are endless. But those companies first need to be able to harness the data they know they have.
Compositional Simulation of CO2 Huff ’n’ Puff in Eagle Ford Tight Oil Reservoirs With CO2 Molecular Diffusion, Nanopore Confinement, and Complex Natural Fractures
Authors: Yu Wei , Zhang Yuan , Varavei Abdoljalil , Sepehrnoori Kamy , Zhang Tongwei , Wu Kan , Miao Jijun 
Published: March 2019

Summary
Although numerous studies proved the potential of carbon dioxide (CO2) huff ’n’ puff, relatively few models exist to comprehensively and efficiently simulate CO2 huff ’n’ puff in a way that considers the effects of molecular diffusion, nanopore confinement, and complex fractures for CO2. The objective of this study was to introduce a numerical compositional model with an embedded-discrete-fracture-model (EDFM) method to simulate this process in an actual Eagle Ford tight oil well. Through nonneighboring connections (NNCs), the EDFM method can properly and efficiently handle any complex fracture geometries. We built a 3D reservoir model with six fluid pseudocomponents. We performed history-matching with measured flow rates and bottomhole pressure (BHP). Good agreements between field data, EDFM, and local grid refinement (LGR) were achieved. However, the EDFM method performed faster than the LGR method. After that, we evaluated the CO2-enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) effectiveness for molecular diffusion and nanopore confinement effects. The traditional phase equilibrium calculation was modified to calculate the critical fluid properties with nanopore confinement. The simulation results showed that the CO2 EOR with larger diffusion coefficients performed better than the primary production. In addition, both effects were favorable for the CO2 huff ’n’ puff effectiveness. The relative increase of cumulative oil production after 20 years was approximately 12% for this well. Furthermore, when considering complex natural fractures, the relative increase of cumulative oil production was approximately 8%. This study provided critical insights into a better understanding of the impacts of CO2 molecular diffusion, nanopore confinement, and complex natural fractures on well performance during the CO2-EOR process in tight oil reservoirs.
Sequential Fluid Characterization: A New Method Using High-Field-Core Nuclear Magnetic Resonance To Characterize Source-Rock Porosity and Fluids
Authors: Boyce M. L. , Gawankar K.. 
Published: March 2019

Summary
A Sand Wash Basin well was drilled for an unconventional target for which the measured core properties did not match production for the well. The crushed-rock porosity for the core suggested a bulk-volume hydrocarbon (BVH) of 1.5 to 2.0 p.u., indicating that the stimulation would have to be draining at approximately 400 ft vertically. To resolve this incongruity for further field development, we investigated the validity of crushed-rock porosity and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to accurately assess the resource. Initial results using conventional 2-MHz core NMR yielded results similar to those for crushed-rock porosity. Because unconventional rocks have very fast relaxations in NMR, it was then theorized that with the use of a high-resolution 20-MHz machine, the signal/noise ratio would improve and create a more-accurate quantification of porosity components. The results of using a high-resolution 20-MHz NMR showed a porosity increase from 6.5 p.u. using the Gas Research Institute (GRI) methodology (Luffel et al. 1992) to 14 p.u. on an as-received sample, creating a large increase for in-place calculations. As a result, a process termed sequential fluid characterization (SFC) was developed using high-resolution 20-MHz NMR to quantify all components of porosity (i.e., movable fluid, capillary-bound water, clay-bound water, heavy hydrocarbon, residual hydrocarbon, and free water). This method represents an alternative to crushed-rock methodologies (such as GRI and tight rock analysis) that will accurately quantify movable porosity as well as the other components without the errors introduced by cleaning and crushing. After investigating the application of SFC with the high-resolution 20-MHz NMR, it was identified that other unconventional plays (such as Marcellus and Fayetteville) have an average of 45% uplift on in-place calculations using SFC-based movable porosity. Identifying in-place volumes correctly can vastly improve the characterization of fields and prospects for unconventional-resource development, and, as is shown in this paper, SFC can be used to do so with a great effect on volume assessment in unconventional reservoirs.
Network-Constrained Production Optimization by Means of Multiple Shooting
Authors: Silva Thiago Lima , Codas Andrés , Stanko Milan , Camponogara Eduardo , Foss Bjarne 
Published: March 2019

Summary
A methodology is proposed for the production optimization of oil reservoirs constrained by gathering systems. Because of differences in scale and simulation tools, production optimization involving oil reservoirs and gathering networks typically adopts standalone models for each domain. Although some reservoir simulators allow the modeling of inflow-control devices (ICDs) and deviated wells, the handling of gathering-network constraints is still limited. The disregard of such constraints might render unfeasible operational plans with respect to the gathering facilities, precluding their application in real-world fields. We propose using multiple shooting (MS) to handle the output constraints from the gathering network in a scalable way. MS allowed the handling of multiple output constraints because it splits the prediction horizon into several smaller intervals, enabling the use of decomposition and parallelization techniques. The novelty of this work lies in the coupling of reservoir and network models, and in the exploitation of the problem structure to cope with multiple network constraints. An explicit coupling of reservoir and network models is used to avoid the extra burden of converging the equations of the integrated system at every timestep. Instead, the inconsistencies between reservoir and network flows and pressures are modeled as constraints in the optimization formulation. Hence, all constraints regarding both reservoir and network equations are consistent at the convergence of the algorithm. The integrated-production-optimization problem is solved with a reduced sequential quadratic programming (SQP) (RSQP) algorithm, which is an efficient gradient-based optimization method. The MS ability to handle such constraints is assessed by a simulation analysis performed in a two-phase black-oil reservoir producing to a gathering network equipped with electrical submersible pumps (ESPs). The results showed that the method is suitable to handle complex and numerous network constraints. Because of the nonconvex nature of the control-optimization problem, a heuristic procedure was developed to obtain a feasible initial solution for the integrated-production system. Further, a case study compared long-term optimization with short-term practices, where the latter yielded a lower net present value (NPV), arguably because it could not anticipate early water-front arrivals.
In‐Season Application of Nitrogen and Sulfur in Winter Wheat
Authors: Dhillon Jagmandeep , Dhital Sulochana , Lynch Tyler , Figueiredo Bruno , Omara Peter , Raun W. R. 
Published: March 2019

Core Ideas
Decreased atmospheric deposition has led to increased S consumption in winter wheat.
Sulfur did not increase yield or grain N concentration at any site.
Use of recommended soil testing guides are encouraged.
Decreased atmospheric S deposition in the past 20 yr has led to increased S fertilizer consumption in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Producers often apply S without any soil test information. Experiments were conducted at Lahoma, Lake Carl Blackwell, and Perkins, OK (2011–2013) to assess the effect of N and S applied preplant and foliar on grain yield and grain N for winter wheat. In 2011–2012, urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) was applied preplant at rates of 40 and 80 kg N ha−1 additionally; UAN and urea‐triazone (NSURE) were foliar‐applied at rates of 10 and 20 kg N ha−1. Sulfur was foliar‐applied as gypsum (CaSO4⋅2H2O) at 6 kg S ha−1. In 2013, trials were altered to apply 40 kg N ha−1 as UAN preplant, and 20 kg N ha−1 foliar‐applied. Gypsum rates were adjusted at 0, 3, and 6 kg S ha−1 preplant, and S (MAX‐IN‐S) at 3 and 6 kg S ha−1 was foliar‐applied. Sulfur did not increase grain yield or grain N concentration at any site. The interaction between foliar S and N and preplant S and N was not significant. Sulfur fertilizer application is less likely to benefit this region unless low levels of soil test S are identified before planting. Use of recommended soil‐testing guides are encouraged. Although S applications are encouraged commercially, no response was observed in these trials, and all were on sites where soil organic carbon was low (<8.5 g kg−1), where the possibility of seeing S deficiency was greater.