bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic impact of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes on patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma receiving platinum based chemotherapy
Authors: Huang Hui-Shan , Su Harvey Yu-Li , Li Pei-Hsu , Chiang Po-Hui , Huang Cheng-Hua , Chen Chien-Hsu , Hsieh Meng-Che 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe impact of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) on survival was confirmed in various cancer types. Our study aims to investigate the prognostic role of TILs on survival in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) receiving platinum based chemotherapy. Patients who were diagnosed to have pathologically proved mUC between 1997 and 2016 and received palliative chemotherapy with platinum based regimen were recruited into our study. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression analysis were constructed for overall survival (OS). A total of 259 mUC patients were enrolled into our study with median age 63 years and median follow-up visit 13.5 months. Of these patients, 179 (69%) had intense TILs and 80 (31%) had non-intense TILs. The median OS were 15.7 vs. 6.7 months (P = < 0.001) for patients with intense TILs and non-intense TILs, respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that TILs was both prognostically significant no matter for urothelial carcinoma of bladder and upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Multivariate analysis showed that TILs were strongly prognostic factors related to OS. Our study suggested mUC patients with intense TILs were independently associated with survival. Based on our study, TILs is clinically useful for outcomes anticipation and risk stratification, as well as patients counseling.
Children's Speech Perception in Noise: Evidence for Dissociation From Language and Working Memory
Authors: Magimairaj Beula M. , Nagaraj Naveen K. , Benafield Natalie J. 
Published: May 2018

PurposeWe examined the association between speech perception in noise (SPIN), language abilities, and working memory (WM) capacity in school-age children. Existing studies supporting the Ease of Language Understanding (ELU) model suggest that WM capacity plays a significant role in adverse listening situations.MethodEighty-three children between the ages of 7 to 11 years participated. The sample represented a continuum of individual differences in attention, memory, and language abilities. All children had normal-range hearing and normal-range nonverbal IQ. Children completed the Bamford–Kowal–Bench Speech-in-Noise Test (BKB-SIN; Etymotic Research, 2005), a selective auditory attention task, and multiple measures of language and WM.ResultsPartial correlations (controlling for age) showed significant positive associations among attention, memory, and language measures. However, BKB-SIN did not correlate significantly with any of the other measures. Principal component analysis revealed a distinct WM factor and a distinct language factor. BKB-SIN loaded robustly as a distinct 3rd factor with minimal secondary loading from sentence recall and short-term memory. Nonverbal IQ loaded as a 4th factor.ConclusionsResults did not support an association between SPIN and WM capacity in children. However, in this study, a single SPIN measure was used. Future studies using multiple SPIN measures are warranted. Evidence from the current study supports the use of BKB-SIN as clinical measure of speech perception ability because it was not influenced by variation in children's language and memory abilities. More large-scale studies in school-age children are needed to replicate the proposed role played by WM in adverse listening situations.
Infant–Mother Acoustic–Prosodic Alignment and Developmental Risk
Authors: Seidl Amanda , Cristia Alejandrina , Soderstrom Melanie , Ko Eon-Suk , Abel Emily A. , Kellerman Ashleigh , Schwichtenberg A. J. 
Published: May 2018

PurposeOne promising early marker for autism and other communicative and language disorders is early infant speech production. Here we used daylong recordings of high- and low-risk infant–mother dyads to examine whether acoustic–prosodic alignment as well as two automated measures of infant vocalization are related to developmental risk status indexed via familial risk and developmental progress at 36 months of age.MethodAutomated analyses of the acoustics of daylong real-world interactions were used to examine whether pitch characteristics of one vocalization by the mother or the child predicted those of the vocalization response by the other speaker and whether other features of infants' speech in daylong recordings were associated with developmental risk status or outcomes.ResultsLow-risk and high-risk dyads did not differ in the level of acoustic–prosodic alignment, which was overall not significant. Further analyses revealed that acoustic–prosodic alignment did not predict infants' later developmental progress, which was, however, associated with two automated measures of infant vocalizations (daily vocalizations and conversational turns).ConclusionsAlthough further research is needed, these findings suggest that automated measures of vocalizations drawn from daylong recordings are a possible early identification tool for later developmental progress/concerns.Supplemental Materialhttps://osf.io/cdn3v/
A Multilinguistic Approach to Evaluating Student Spelling in Writing Samples
Authors: Quick Nancy , Erickson Karen 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
Spelling is a critical component of literacy and language arts that can negatively influence other aspects of written composition. This clinical focus article describes a spelling error classification system that can be used to identify underlying linguistic deficits that contribute to students' spelling errors. The system is designed to take advantage of the linguistic expertise of speech-language pathologists to efficiently assess student errors in written compositions that are generated as a component of everyday classroom instruction.

Method
A review of the literature was conducted regarding spelling as a component of literacy and language arts, the development of spelling, and the linguistic contributions to spelling. Then, existing criterion-referenced measures of spelling simple and morphologically complex words were reviewed, and a new, manual technique for analyzing spelling in student written compositions was created.

Conclusions
The language expertise of speech-language pathologists enables them to readily evaluate the phonological, orthographic, and morphological errors in student misspellings, in order to identify specific underlying linguistic deficits and plan targeted interventions. The error classification system provides speech-language pathologists with a tool that is both simple and time efficient and, thus, may help increase their confidence and ability in addressing the spelling needs of students.
Enhanced boost quasi‐Z‐source inverters with active switched‐inductor boostnetwork
Authors: Zhu Xiaoquan , Zhang Bo , Qiu Dongyuan 
Published: May 2018

This study proposes a new family of high‐boost‐quasi‐Z‐source inverters (qZSIs) with combined active switched‐inductor boost network. The proposed inverter provides continuous input current and higher‐boost voltage inversion capability, shares common ground between the input source and the inverter bridge, which would be applicable for the renewable energy system with low‐voltage distributed dc sources. In comparison to the traditional high‐boost non‐coupled‐inductor‐type qZSIs, for the same total number of passive/active components used at the impedance network, the proposed topology has higher modulation index with improved output voltage waveform quality, and lower switching voltage stress across the power switches. To produce the same voltage boost factor with the same dc input, the proposed inverter uses smaller inductance values compared with the conventional topologies. Thus, the size and weight of the passive components in the proposed topology can be reduced. This study presents the operating principles, power loss analysis, simulation results and characteristic comparison with those of the traditional high‐boost qZSIs. Finally, a laboratory prototype based on the TMS320F28335 digital signal processor with 60 V dc input and 110 Vrms ac output was constructed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed inverter.
Microstrip angular log‐periodic slow wave structure on quartz substrate with coaxial input/output coupler
Authors: Li Xinyi , He Tenglong , Wang Hexin , Chen Zijun , Wang Zhanliang , Gao Zhiqiang , Duan Zhaoyun , Wei Yanyu , Gong Yubin 
Published: May 2018

The microstrip angular log‐periodic meander line slow wave structure (SWS) on quartz substrate with coaxial input/output coupler is studied. The effects of different structure parameters on transmission characteristics of the 25 periods SWS during Ka band are discussed in detail. The SWS with the total length of ∼6.5 mm, add coaxial input/output coupler and tapered impedance microstrip line to form an entire assembly. The testing result is accordant with that of simulation. The dispersion characteristics of the SWS were obtained to determine the work voltage. The beam‐wave interaction results show that the output power is 11.4 W at the frequency of 32 GHz, with the electron efficiency of 3.3%.
0.85 THz truncated sine waveguide traveling‐wave tube with sheet beam tunnel
Authors: Fang Shuanzhu , Xu Jin , Jang Xuebin , Lei Xia , Ding Chong , Li Qian , Wu Gangxiong , Yang Ruichao , Zhang Luqi , Huang Minzhi , Tang Tao , Zhao Guoqing , Wang Zhanliang , Wang Wenxiang , Feng Jinjun , Gong Yubin , Wei Yanyu 
Published: May 2018

A sine waveguide (SWG) traveling‐wave tube with sheet electron beam tunnel is proposed to amplify the high‐frequency terahertz wave. In this study, the slow wave characteristics including the dispersion properties and interaction impedances have been investigated by using the eigenmode solver in the 3D electromagnetic simulation software Ansoft HFSS. The truncated SWG slow wave structure possesses the relatively large average coupling impedance. The beam–wave interaction characteristics of truncated SWG with sheet electron beam tunnel are calculated by high‐frequency simulation software CST. From the particle‐in‐cell simulation results, this beam–wave interaction circuit can produce >490 mW ranging from 0.845 to 0.855 THz with a corresponding gain over 22 dB.
Design of transverse magnetic field sweeping solenoids for 140 GHz mega‐watt gyrotrons
Authors: Zeng Xu , Liu Bentian , Feng Jinjun 
Published: May 2018

As the overlarge power density at the collector of mega‐watt (MW) gyrotrons limits the increase in their average output power and pulse width, transverse magnetic field sweeping solenoids (TMFSS) with periodical changing magnetic field have been designed for a 140 GHz MW gyrotron developed and tested at Beijing Vacuum Electronics Research Institute. The analysis of the electron trajectories in the collector and the simulation results indicate that the power density could be decreased significantly by applying the solenoids, which will effectively ensure the stable operation of the tube. Meanwhile, different structures of the TMFSS were studied and compared, with the optimised one being used in the future gyrotron assembly and hot testing.
Extended ammonia observations towards the integral-shaped filament
Authors: Wu Gang , Qiu Keping , Esimbek Jarken , Zheng Xingwu , Henkel Christian , Li Dalei , Han XiaoHong 
Published: May 2018

Context. Recent observations suggest a scenario in which filamentary structures in the interstellar medium represent the first step towards clumps/cores and eventually star formation. The densest filaments would then fragment into prestellar cores owing to gravitational instability.
Aims. We seek to understand the roles filamentary structures play in high-mass star formation.
Methods. We mapped the integral-shaped filament (ISF) located at the northern end of the Orion A molecular cloud in NH3 (1, 1) and (2, 2). The observations were made using the 25 m radio telescope operated by the Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The whole filamentary structure, about 1.2° × 0.6°, is uniformly and fully sampled. We investigate the morphology, fragmentation, kinematics, and temperature properties in this region.
Results. We find that the morphology revealed by the map of velocity-integrated intensity of the NH3 (1, 1) line is closely associated with the dust ridge revealed by the Herschel Space Observatory. We identify 6 “lumps” related to the well known OMC-1 to 5 and 11 “sub-clumps” within the map. The clumps and sub-clumps are separated not randomly but in roughly equal intervals along the ISF. The average spacing of clumps is 11.30′ ± 1.31′ (1.36 ± 0.16 pc) and the average spacing of sub-clumps is 7.18′ ± 1.19′ (0.86 ± 0.14 pc). These spacings agree well with the predicted values of the thermal (0.86 pc) and turbulent sausage instability (1.43 pc) by adopting a cylindric geometry of the ISF with an inclination of 60° with respect to the line of sight. We also find a velocity gradient of about 0.6 km s−1 pc−1 that runs along the ISF which likely arises from an overall rotation of the Orion A molecular cloud. The inferred ratio between rotational and gravitational energy is well below unity. Furthermore, fluctuations are seen in the centroid velocity diagram along the ISF. The OMC-1 to 5 clouds are located close to the local extrema of the fluctuations, which suggests that there exist gas flows associated with these clumps in the ISF. The derived NH3 (1, 1) and (2, 2) rotation temperatures in the OMC-1 are about 30–40 K while lower temperatures (below 20 K) are obtained in the northern and southern parts of the ISF. In OMC-2, OMC-3, and the northern part of OMC-4, we find higher and lower temperatures at the boundaries and in the interior, respectively.
The shortest-period Wolf-Rayet binary in the Small Magellanic Cloud: Part of a high-order multiple system
Authors: Shenar T. , Hainich R. , Todt H. , Moffat A. F. J. , Sander A. , Oskinova L. M. , Ramachandran V. , Munoz M. , Pablo H. , Sana H. , Hamann W.-R. 
Published: May 2018

Context. SMC AB 6 is the shortest-period (P = 6.5 d) Wolf-Rayet (WR) binary in the Small Magellanic Cloud. This binary is therefore a key system in the study of binary interaction and formation of WR stars at low metallicity. The WR component in AB 6 was previously found to be very luminous (log L = 6.3 [L⊙]) compared to its reported orbital mass (≈8 M⊙), placing it significantly above the Eddington limit.
Aims. Through spectroscopy and orbital analysis of newly acquired optical data taken with the Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph (UVES), we aim to understand the peculiar results reported for this system and explore its evolutionary history.
Methods. We measured radial velocities via cross-correlation and performed a spectral analysis using the Potsdam Wolf-Rayet model atmosphere code. The evolution of the system was analyzed using the Binary Population and Spectral Synthesis evolution code.
Results. AB 6 contains at least four stars. The 6.5 d period WR binary comprises the WR primary (WN3:h, star A) and a rather rapidly rotating (veq = 265 km s−1) early O-type companion (O5.5 V, star B). Static N III and N IV emission lines and absorption signatures in He lines suggest the presence of an early-type emission line star (O5.5 I(f), star C). Finally, narrow absorption lines portraying a long-term radial velocity variation show the existence of a fourth star (O7.5 V, star D). Star D appears to form a second 140 d period binary together with a fifth stellar member, which is a B-type dwarf or a black hole. It is not clear that these additional components are bound to the WR binary. We derive a mass ratio of MO∕MWR = 2.2 ± 0.1. The WR star is found to be less luminous than previously thought (log L = 5.9 [L⊙]) and, adopting MO = 41 M⊙ for star B, more massive (MWR = 18 M⊙). Correspondingly, the WR star does not exceed the Eddington limit. We derive the initial masses of Mi,WR = 60 M⊙ and Mi,O = 40 M⊙ and an age of 3.9 Myr for the system. The WR binary likely experienced nonconservative mass transfer in the past supported by the relatively rapid rotation of star B.
Conclusions. Our study shows that AB 6 is a multiple – probably quintuple – system. This finding resolves the previously reported puzzle of the WR primary exceeding the Eddington limit and suggests that the WR star exchanged mass with its companion in the past.
Dust settling and rings in the outer regions of protoplanetary discs subject to ambipolar diffusion
Authors: Riols A. , Lesur G. 
Published: May 2018

Context. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence plays a crucial role in the dust dynamics of protoplanetary discs. It affects planet formation, vertical settling, and is one possible origin of the large scale axisymmetric structures, such as rings, recently imaged by ALMA and SPHERE. Among the variety of MHD processes in discs, the magnetorotational instability (MRI) has raised particular interest since it provides a source of turbulence and potentially organizes the flow into large scale structures. However, the weak ionization of discs prevents the MRI from being excited beyond 1 AU. Moreover, the low velocity dispersion observed in CO and strong sedimentation of millimetre dust measured in T-Tauri discs are in contradiction with predictions based on ideal MRI turbulence.
Aims. In this paper, we study the effects of non-ideal MHD and magnetized winds on the dynamics and sedimentation of dust grains. We consider a weakly ionized plasma subject to ambipolar diffusion characterizing the disc outer regions (≫1 AU).
Methods. To compute the dust and gas motions, we performed numerical MHD simulations in the stratified shearing box, using a modified version of the PLUTO code. We explored different grain sizes from micrometre to few centimetres and different disc vertical magnetizations with plasma beta ranging from 103 to 105.
Results. Our simulations show that the mm-cm dust is contained vertically in a very thin layer, with typical heightscale ≲0.4 AU at R = 30 AU, compatible with recent ALMA observations. Horizontally, the grains are trapped within the pressure maxima (or zonal flows) induced by ambipolar diffusion, leading to the formation of dust rings. For micrometre grains and strong magnetization, we find that the dust layer has a size comparable to the disc heightscale H. In this regime, dust settling cannot be explained by a simple 1D diffusion theory but results from a large scale 2D circulation induced by both MHD winds and zonal flows.
Conclusions. Our results suggest that non-ideal MHD effects and MHD winds associated with zonal flows play a major role in shaping the radial and vertical distribution of dust in protoplanetary discs. Leading to effective accretion efficiency α ≃ 10−3–10−1, non-ideal MHD models are also a promising avenue to reconcile the low turbulent activity measured in discs with their relatively high accretion rates.
Selbsttötung auf Rezept: eine Begriffsanalyse des Urteils
Authors: Bozzaro Claudia 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOn March 2, 2017, the Federal Administrative Court in Leipzig ruled: In extreme emergencies, terminally ill people have the right to acquire suicide medications.The purpose of this article is to examine the criteria used to define an “extreme emergency”. The first step is to analyze the verdict. This will show that the term “unbearable suffering” plays a crucial role in defining the “extreme emergency”. In a next step, two philosophical conceptions of the suffering are presented and analyzed with regard to their respective effects for their application in practice. Against this background, it is stated that the application of the criterion of suffering in the judgment is problematic. This leads to the conclusion that the judgment does not constitute a valid basis for practical implementation.
Physiotherapie-Management und Return to Sport bei atypischem lumbalen Morbus Scheuermann
Authors: Hasler Carol-Claudius 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungRückenschmerzen bei leistungsorientierten Sportlern im Wachstumsalter sind ernst zu nehmen, vor allem, wenn wie beim alpinen Skirennsport hohe axiale Belastungen
der Wirbelsäule generiert werden. Strukturelle Pathologien des lumbalen endplattennahen Diskus-Wachstumszonenkomplexes (atypischer Morbus Scheuermann) drohen
bei zu später Diagnose oder Ignorieren der Wachstumsphysiologie in fixierte sagittale Profilstörungen mit Gefährdung der Karriere und schlechter
Langzeitprognose überzugehen. Die rigorose Nutzung des meist nur 1–2-jährigen Therapiefensters zur Wachstumsmodulation ist hingegen Erfolg versprechend, wenn
die konsequente lordosierende Orthesenbehandlung mit stufenadaptierter Physiotherapie und Modifikation der Trainings- und Wettkampfaktivität kombiniert
wird.
Sportassoziierte Probleme der Lendenwirbelsäule beim jugendlichen Athleten
Authors: Studer Daniel 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungDie wachsende Wirbelsäule ist bei jugendlichen Athleten im Rahmen des pubertären Wachstumsspurts gegenüber Überlastungen und Verletzungen besonders anfällig.
Kenntnisse über spezifische sportassoziierte Probleme und deren Früherkennung sind Voraussetzung für eine adäquate Behandlung mit schneller Rückführung in den
sportlichen Alltag sowie zur Vermeidung nachhaltiger Schädigungen.
Kritisch krank und schlaflos
Authors: Leppla Peter 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungWer krank ist, braucht viel Schlaf, das gilt im besonderen Maße für Patienten auf Intensivstationen. Aber wie gut schlafen Patienten dort? Was ist überhaupt
guter Schlaf? Und was können Pflegende tun, um die Schlafqualität von Intensivpatienten zu verbessern? Autor Peter Leppla wurde für seine Facharbeit mit dem „B.
Braun DGF Intensivpflegepreis 2017“ ausgezeichnet.
Sequential Treatment Escalation with Dapagliflozin and Saxagliptin Improves Beta Cell Function in Type 2 Diabetic Patients on Previous Metformin Treatment: An Exploratory Mechanistic Study
Authors: Forst Thomas , Alghdban Mohammed , Fischer Annelie , Weber Matthias , Voswinkel Stephan , Heise Tim , Kapitza Christoph , Plum-Mörschel Leona 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe investigated the effect of sequential treatment escalation with dapagliflozin and saxagliptin on beta cell function in patients with T2DM insufficiently controlled on metformin monotherapy during a hyperglycaemic clamp investigation. Twenty-six patients (19 males, age 63.5±7.0 years; duration of diabetes 8.8±4.7 years; HbA1c 63.9±15.8 mmol/mol; mean±SD) were enrolled in the study. During a first treatment period (TP1) all patients received 10 mg dapagliflozin for one month, followed by the addition of 5 mg saxagliptin or placebo for another month (TP2). At baseline and at the end of each treatment period, fasting glucose and insulin levels were analysed, and a hyperglycaemic clamp with the measurement of plasma C-peptide, insulin, proinsulin, and glucagon was performed. Treatment with dapagliflozin reduced fasting glucose levels and insulin resistance (TP1). Within the hyperglycaemic clamp, C-peptide and insulin concentrations increased after the addition of dapagliflozin in TP1 (0.48±0.45 nmol*h/l; 6.24±17.9 mU*h/l) and further improved after the addition of saxagliptin in TP2 (0.38±0.34 nmol*h/l; 6.59±10.15 mU*h/l). Acute insulin response did not change after the addition of dapagliflozin (TP1), but significantly improved after the addition of saxagliptin in TP2 (0.89±0.76 mU*h/l). Both drugs improved the C-peptide/proinsulin ratio. After the addition of saxagliptin, the glucagon/insulin ratio significantly declined (TP2). Treatment escalation with dapagliflozin and saxagliptin exhibit additive effects on beta cell capacity, and improves alpha and beta cell integrity.