bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective associations between sport participation and psychological adjustment in adolescents
Authors: Brière Frédéric N , Yale-Soulière Gabrielle , Gonzalez-Sicilia Daniela , Harbec Marie-Josée , Morizot Julien , Janosz Michel , Pagani Linda S 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundEngaging in sport has been suggested to be mitigate against psychological distress. Using a prospective-longitudinal design, we examine whether sport participation is associated with reduced psychological difficulties in adolescents and whether associations differ by sport and personal characteristics.Methods17 550 adolescents from grade 7 to 10 (mean age=14.4 years old) self-reported on sport participation, depressive symptoms, social anxiety symptoms and loneliness in Spring 2007 and 1 year later. Analyses tested the association between sport participation and subsequent psychological difficulties using linear regression, while adjusting for pre-existing psychological and sociodemographic characteristics. Analyses also verified whether associations differed by sport frequency (weekly/more than weekly) and type (team/individual) using Wald tests of parameter constraints, as well as sex, age and pre-existing psychological difficulties using interaction terms.ResultsAfter adjusting for potential confounders, sport participation predicted lower social anxiety symptoms (beta=−0.02 (−0.04, −0.01)) and loneliness (beta=−0.04 (−0.05, −0.02)), but not depressive symptoms. Moderation analyses showed that sport participation predicted greater reductions in depressive symptoms, social anxiety symptoms and loneliness in adolescents with higher baseline scores on each outcome. Associations did not differ by sport frequency and type, sex and age. Post hoc analyses revealed bidirectional associations between sport participation and social anxiety symptoms and loneliness.ConclusionsSport participation predicts small reductions in adolescent psychological distress. Reductions seem most important in youth experiencing greater pre-existing psychological difficulty. Our findings suggest that sport participation represents a protective factor that supports psychological resilience in at-risk youth.
Identification of sarilumab pharmacodynamic and predictive markers in patients with inadequate response to TNF inhibition: a biomarker substudy of the phase 3 TARGET study
Authors: Gabay Cem , Msihid Jérôme , Zilberstein Moshe , Paccard Caroline , Lin Yong , Graham Neil M H , Boyapati Anita 
Published: March 2018

IntroductionInterleukin-6 (IL-6) orchestrates formation of an inflammatory pannus, leading to joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Sarilumab is a human monoclonal antibody blocking the IL-6Rα. In TARGET (NCT01709578), a phase 3 study in adults with moderate-to-severe RA and inadequate response or intolerance to tumour necrosis factor inhibitors, subcutaneous sarilumab 200 mg or 150 mg every 2 weeks (q2w) plus conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) significantly reduced disease activity versus placebo plus csDMARDs.MethodsCirculating levels of biomarkers associated with synovial inflammation (matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3), collagen type I MMP-cleaved fragment (C1M), collagen type III MMP-cleaved fragment (C3M)), myeloid (soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1), IL-8 and calprotectin) and lymphoid activation (chemokine, CXC motif, ligand 13 (CXCL13), CXCL10, B cell-activating factor) and bone remodelling (receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin and osteocalcin) were evaluated in patients from a TARGET substudy.ResultsSarilumab significantly decreased C1M, C3M, CXCL13, MMP-3 and total RANKL levels at week 24 versus placebo; some markers were significantly suppressed at week 2 and normalised to levels in healthy controls. Levels of sICAM-1 were predictive of disease activity score by C-reactive protein and clinical disease activity index low disease activity (LDA) response in the sarilumab 200 mg q2w group at week 12. A trend was observed in which patients with lower sICAM-1 levels at baseline had better response compared with patients with higher sICAM-1.ConclusionsSarilumab plus csDMARDs decreased circulating biomarkers of synovial inflammation and bone resorption; sICAM-1 was predictive of achieving LDA with sarilumab.Trial registration numberNCT01709578; Post-results.
RIPL
Authors: Stewart Robert , Duncan Kirsty , Michaelson Greg , Garcia Paulo , Bhowmik Deepayan , Wallace Andrew 
Published: March 2018

Specialized FPGA implementations can deliver higher performance and greater power efficiency than embedded CPU or GPU implementations for real-time image processing. Programming challenges limit their wider use, because the implementation of FPGA architectures at the register transfer level is time consuming and error prone. Existing software languages supported by high-level synthesis (HLS), although providing a productivity improvement, are too general purpose to generate efficient hardware without the use of hardware-specific code optimizations. Such optimizations leak hardware details into the abstractions that software languages are there to provide, and they require knowledge of FPGAs to generate efficient hardware, such as by using language pragmas to partition data structures across memory blocks.
This article presents a thorough account of the Rathlin image processing language (RIPL), a high-level image processing domain-specific language for FPGAs. We motivate its design, based on higher-order algorithmic skeletons, with requirements from the image processing domain. RIPL’s skeletons suffice to elegantly describe image processing stencils, as well as recursive algorithms with nonlocal random access patterns. At its core, RIPL employs a dataflow intermediate representation. We give a formal account of the compilation scheme from RIPL skeletons to static and cyclostatic dataflow models to describe their data rates and static scheduling on FPGAs.
RIPL compares favorably to the Vivado HLS OpenCV library and C++ compiled with Vivado HLS. RIPL achieves between 54 and 191 frames per second (FPS) at 100MHz for four synthetic benchmarks, faster than HLS OpenCV in three cases. Two real-world algorithms are implemented in RIPL: visual saliency and mean shift segmentation. For the visual saliency algorithm, RIPL achieves 71 FPS compared to optimized C++ at 28 FPS. RIPL is also concise, being 5x shorter than C++ and 111x shorter than an equivalent direct dataflow implementation. For mean shift segmentation, RIPL achieves 7 FPS compared to optimized C++ on 64 CPU cores at 1.1, and RIPL is 10x shorter than the direct dataflow FPGA implementation.
Visual feedback during pedaling allows individuals poststroke to alter inappropriately prolonged paretic vastus medialis activity
Authors: Mullens Christopher H. , Brown David A. 
Published: March 2018

Individuals who have experienced a stroke often demonstrate inappropriate muscle activity phasing in the paretic leg during locomotion. Past research has demonstrated that inappropriate paretic phasing varies between behavioral contexts and is reduced during unilateral pedaling with the nonparetic leg inactive. We investigated whether individuals could voluntarily alter activity in a target muscle of the paretic limb in a consistent behavioral context and whether this voluntary change differed between bilateral and unilateral pedaling. During a fixed-speed motorized pedaling task, participants were asked to use visual feedback to deactivate the vastus medialis (VM) before a 90° target region of the pedaling cycle, as measured by surface electromyography and by change in fraction of total cycle amplitude in the target region. We based the start of this target region on the earliest observed deactivation for this muscle (found in fast pedaling), which allowed us to challenge both the paretic and nonparetic VM. During visual feedback, participants significantly reduced the fraction of activity found in the target region, with no significant difference in degree of reduction between paretic and nonparetic legs or between bilateral and unilateral pedaling. Surprisingly, in bilateral pedaling, individuals with greater clinical impairment demonstrated greater paretic limb response to feedback. Our results demonstrated that during this tightly constrained task, the paretic VM showed a surprisingly similar flexibility of muscle activity to the nonparetic VM. Our findings show that participants were able to use provided visual feedback to modulate the degree of an observed poststroke muscle-phasing impairment.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrates that by using visual feedback during a constrained task with minimized kinematic control requirements, participants with poststroke hemiplegia can voluntarily change muscle activity phase in the vastus medialis. Surprisingly, we did not observe a significant difference in ability to alter phasing between paretic and nonparetic legs or between bilateral and unilateral pedaling. In this visual feedback task, participants appear to modify muscle activity well in both the paretic and nonparetic legs.
Neural adaptation accounts for the dynamic resizing of peripersonal space: evidence from a psychophysical-computational approach
Authors: Noel Jean-Paul , Blanke Olaf , Magosso Elisa , Serino Andrea 
Published: March 2018

Interactions between the body and the environment occur within the peripersonal space (PPS), the space immediately surrounding the body. The PPS is encoded by multisensory (audio-tactile, visual-tactile) neurons that possess receptive fields (RFs) anchored on the body and restricted in depth. The extension in depth of PPS neurons’ RFs has been documented to change dynamically as a function of the velocity of incoming stimuli, but the underlying neural mechanisms are still unknown. Here, by integrating a psychophysical approach with neural network modeling, we propose a mechanistic explanation behind this inherent dynamic property of PPS. We psychophysically mapped the size of participant’s peri-face and peri-trunk space as a function of the velocity of task-irrelevant approaching auditory stimuli. Findings indicated that the peri-trunk space was larger than the peri-face space, and, importantly, as for the neurophysiological delineation of RFs, both of these representations enlarged as the velocity of incoming sound increased. We propose a neural network model to mechanistically interpret these findings: the network includes reciprocal connections between unisensory areas and higher order multisensory neurons, and it implements neural adaptation to persistent stimulation as a mechanism sensitive to stimulus velocity. The network was capable of replicating the behavioral observations of PPS size remapping and relates behavioral proxies of PPS size to neurophysiological measures of multisensory neurons’ RF size. We propose that a biologically plausible neural adaptation mechanism embedded within the network encoding for PPS can be responsible for the dynamic alterations in PPS size as a function of the velocity of incoming stimuli. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Interactions between body and environment occur within the peripersonal space (PPS). PPS neurons are highly dynamic, adapting online as a function of body-object interactions. The mechanistic underpinning PPS dynamic properties are unexplained. We demonstrate with a psychophysical approach that PPS enlarges as incoming stimulus velocity increases, efficiently preventing contacts with faster approaching objects. We present a neurocomputational model of multisensory PPS implementing neural adaptation to persistent stimulation to propose a neurophysiological mechanism underlying this effect.
Vigor of reaching movements: reward discounts the cost of effort
Authors: Summerside Erik M. , Shadmehr Reza , Ahmed Alaa A. 
Published: March 2018

Making a movement may be thought of as an economic decision in which one spends effort to acquire reward. Time discounts reward, which predicts that the magnitude of reward should affect movement vigor: we should move faster, spending greater effort, when there is greater reward at stake. Indeed, saccade peak velocities are greater and reaction-times shorter when a target is paired with reward. In this study, we focused on human reaching and asked whether movement kinematics were affected by expectation of reward. Participants made out-and-back reaching movements to one of four quadrants of a 14-cm circle. During various periods of the experiment only one of the four quadrants was paired with reward, and the transition from reward to nonreward status of a quadrant occurred randomly. Our experiment design minimized dependence of reward on accuracy, granting the subjects wide latitude in self-selecting their movement speed, amplitude, and variability. When a quadrant was paired with reward, reaching movements had a shorter reaction time, higher peak velocity, and greater amplitude. Despite this greater vigor, movements toward the rewarded quadrant suffered from less variability: both reaction times and reach kinematics were less variable when there was expectation of reward. Importantly, the effect of reward on vigor was specific to the movement component that preceded the time of reward (outward reach), not the movement component that followed it (return reach). Our results suggest that expectation of reward not only increases vigor of human reaching but also decreases its variability. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Movements may be thought of as an economic transaction where the vigor of the movement represents the effort that the brain is willing to expend to acquire a rewarding state. We show that in reaching, reward discounts the cost of effort, producing movements with shorter reaction time, higher velocity, greater amplitude, and reduced reaction-time variability. These results complement earlier observations in saccades, suggesting a common principle of economics across modalities of motor control.
Accelerating locomotor savings in learning: compressing four training days to one
Authors: Day Kevin A. , Leech Kristan A. , Roemmich Ryan T. , Bastian Amy J. 
Published: March 2018

Acquiring new movements requires the capacity of the nervous system to remember previously experienced motor patterns. The phenomenon of faster relearning after initial learning is termed “savings.” Here we studied how savings of a novel walking pattern develops over several days of practice and how this process can be accelerated. We introduced participants to a split-belt treadmill adaptation paradigm for 30 min for 5 consecutive days. By training day 5, participants were able to produce near-perfect performance when switching between split and tied-belt environments. We found that this was due to their ability to shift specific elements of their stepping pattern to account for the split treadmill speeds from day to day. We also applied a state-space model to further characterize multiday locomotor savings. We then explored methods of achieving comparable savings with less total training time. We studied people training only on day 1, with either one extended split-belt exposure or alternating four times between split-belt and tied-belt conditions rapidly in succession. Both of these single-day training groups were tested again on day 5. Experiencing four abbreviated exposures on day 1 improved the performance on day 5 compared with one extended exposure on day 1. Moreover, this abbreviated group performed similarly to the group that trained for 4 consecutive days before testing on day 5, despite only having one-quarter of the total training time. These results demonstrate that we can leverage training structure to achieve a high degree of performance while minimizing training sessions. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Learning a new movement requires repetition. Here, we demonstrate how to more efficiently train an adapted walking pattern. By compressing split-belt treadmill training delivered over 4 days to four abbreviated bouts of training delivered on the first day of training, we were able to induce equivalent savings over a 5-day span. These results suggest that we can manipulate the delivery of training to most efficiently drive multiday learning of a novel walking pattern.
MPO Promoter Polymorphism rs2333227 Enhances Malignant Phenotypes of Colorectal Cancer by Altering the Binding Affinity of AP-2α
Authors: Meng Qingtao , Wu Shenshen , Wang Yajie , Xu Jin , Sun Hao , Lu Runze , Gao Na , Yang Hongbao , Li Xiaobo , Tang Boping , Aschner Michael , Chen Rui 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) promoter SNPs rs2243828 (−764T&gt;C) and rs2333227 (G-463A) program malignant phenotypes by regulating MPO transcriptional activity. In this study, we enrolled a total of 1,175 controls and 1,078 patients with colorectal cancer with comprehensive clinical and survival information to assess whether these SNPs could affect the susceptibility and development of colorectal cancer. The MPO rs2333227 TT genotype significantly increased the risk of colorectal cancer and decreased the overall survival time of patients. Colorectal cancer cells with the rs2333227 TT genotype exhibited enhanced proliferation, migration, and invasion capacity in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we found that MPO SNP rs2333227 C to T mutation altered the binding affinity of the transcription factors AP-2α to the rs2333227 mutation region, sequentially enhancing expression levels of MPO and activating further IL23A–MMP9 axis–mediated oncogenic signaling. Taken together, our findings indicate that MPO SNP rs2333227 serves as a marker of enhanced risk for development of colorectal cancer.
Significance: MPO polymorphisms are a guide for high risk and poor prognosis in patients colorectal cancer. Cancer Res; 78(10); 2760–9. ©2018 AACR.
Stroke Referrals from Nursing Homes: High Rate of Mimics and Late Presentation
Authors: Kneihsl Markus , Enzinger Christian , Niederkorn Kurt , Wünsch Gerit , Müller Lisa , Culea Valeriu , Lueger Andreas , Fazekas Franz , Gattringer Thomas 
Published: March 2018

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Stroke has become a treatable condition with increasing evidence of treatment benefits in older people. However, stroke mimics in geriatric patients are especially prevalent, causing incorrect suspicion and consecutive burden to patients and emergency room resources. We therefore examined the dimension of this problem by investigating emergency room admissions from nursing homes for suspected stroke. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We performed a retrospective cohort study of all nursing home residents who were admitted to the neurological emergency room of our primary and tertiary care university hospital between 2013 and 2015. Patients were further divided into those with confirmed stroke and stroke mimics after diagnostic stroke work-up. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of 419 nursing home patients referred to the emergency room, nearly one third had suspected stroke (<i>n</i> = 126; mean age: 78 ± 14 years, polypharmacy rate: 77%). Of those, 43 (34%) had a confirmed stroke (ischaemic: <i>n</i> = 34; haemorrhagic: <i>n</i> = 9) and 83 (66%) had stroke mimics after diagnostic work-up. Only one patient underwent intravenous thrombolysis, followed by mechanical thrombectomy for middle cerebral artery occlusion. Prehospital delay (47%) and multimorbidity-associated contraindications (27%) were the main reasons for withholding recanalization therapy. Among the stroke-mimicking conditions, infectious diseases (24%) and epileptic seizures (20%) were the most frequent. Multivariate analysis identified focal deficits (OR 16.6, 95% CI 4.3–64.0), atrial fibrillation (OR 3.9, 95% CI 1.5–10.5) and previous stroke (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.2–8.9) as indicators that were associated with stroke. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> In our region, nursing home referrals for suspected stroke have a high false positive rate and occur delayed, which most often precludes specific stroke treatment in addition to multimorbidity. Such problems may also exist in other centres and highlight the need for targeted educational and organizational efforts. Simple indicators as identified in this study may help to sort out patients with true stroke more efficiently.
Prevalence of Pathogenic Gene Mutations and Prognosis Do Not Differ in Isolated Left Ventricular Dysfunction Compared With Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Hazebroek Mark R. , Krapels Ingrid , Verdonschot Job , van den Wijngaard Arthur , Vanhoutte Els , Hoos Marije , Snijders Luc , van Montfort Lieke , Witjens Maryvonne , Dennert Robert , Crijns Harry J.G.M. , Brunner-La Rocca Hans-Peter , Brunner Han G. , Heymans Stephane 
Published: March 2018

Background:
Genetic evaluation is recommended in patients with unexplained dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), but its diagnostic yield and prognostic relevance in unexplained isolated left ventricular dysfunction (LVdys) is unknown.

Methods and Results:

A total of 127 LVdys and 262 DCM patients underwent genetic screening. Long-term outcome consisted of a combined end point of life-threatening arrhythmia, heart transplantation, and death. At baseline, LVdys patients were younger and had less frequently New York Heart Association class ≥3 when compared with DCM (55±13 versus 58±12;
P
=0.019 and 21% versus 36%;
P
=0.003, respectively). The prevalence of familial disease and pathogenic mutations was similar in LVdys and DCM (45% versus 40%;
P
=0.37 and 19% versus 17%;
P
=0.61, respectively). After a follow-up of 56 (31–82) months, outcome did not differ in LVdys compared with DCM patients (hazard ratio, 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.47–1.45;
P
=0.51). Overall, outcome was less favorable in patients with a genetic mutation or familial disease when compared with those without (hazard ratio, 2.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.07–7.7;
P
=0.048 and hazard ratio, 2.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.2–4.2;
P
=0.013, respectively). Thus, the diagnostic yield of genetic testing in LVdys and DCM is similarly high. The presence of a gene mutation or familial predisposition results in an equally worse prognosis.

Conclusions:
Genetic evaluation is advised in LVdys patients and should not merely be restricted to DCM.