bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delinkvencijos raiška neformaliose jaunimo grupėse
Authors: Gavėnaitė Aušra 
Published: January 2019

This paper presents empirical research about delinquency in informal youth groups in Lithuania. The theoretical basis of this research - theory of delinquency and drift, created in the midst of the XX th century by David Matza - famous USA criminologist, whose efforts to combine positivist point of view with classical ideas gave way to a new - critical School of criminology. Empirical research was carried out in three youth groups: football fans group “ultra”, nationalistic group - skinheads and motorbike club - “Vorai”. The main tasks of this research were to identify, what kind - “delinquent subculture” or “subculture of delinquency” - these groups are and to explore the process of drifting from conventional to delinquent behavior by using techniques of neutralization.
The results show, that these groups are an integral part of conventional society and have no features of “delinquent subculture” as it was depicted in positivistic theories. The members of the groups are normal teenagers, who by definition (but not by nature) are delinquents as far as they do infractions. To make an infraction these teens use different techniques of neutralization.
Žmogaus socialinės motyvacijos pagrindai
Authors: Legkauskas Visvaldas 
Published: January 2019

The present article is aimed at specifying bases of social motivation, defining the basic social needs and interrelations among them. A basic social need is defined as such a need, which is not a product of culture, but constitutes a pre-condition for formation of a social group, which in turn creates the culture itself.
Three such conditions are identified: attention of group members to each other, positive evaluation of each other, and care for each others well-being. A person experiences these conditions as needs for attention, esteem, and care. These three needs are interrelated in a hierarchical manner. The need for attention is the least important, while the need for care is the most important, as satisfaction of this need is both necessary and sufficient condition for formation and survival of a social group. Also, compared to the needs for attention and esteem, satisfaction of the need for care requires the most complex means.
Despite of such subordination of the need for attention and the need for esteem to satisfaction of the need for care, both needs for attention and esteem should be considered as separate needs, as satisfaction of these needs constitutes pre-condition for satisfaction of the need for care and hence these needs acquire an independent motivational value.
Organizacinio identiteto konstravimas mažumų bendruomenėse
Authors: Pilotta Joe 
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this article is to outline the basic methodological, theoretical, and technical issues in the development and practice of organizational identity formation through research.
Power, or more precisely, empowerment is conceptualized as a proper communication variable rather than as a poorly disguised analogue of a dimension of physical calculation. This means that we shall not entertain in this discussion the push-pull metaphors so endemic to analyses presupposing the mechanical triad, force-resistance-change. Instead, we shall make some explicit assumptions about organizations and generate a communication evaluation of power.
Vytauto Kavolio istorinė sociologija: metodologiniai aspektai
Authors: Valantiejus Algimantas 
Published: January 2019

This paper examines the problematic relationship between sociology and history that had a significant place in Kavolis’s historical sociology. In light of the methodological concerns, the paper attempts to provide a conceptual introduction to Vytautas Kavolis’s historical writings.
Vytautas Kavolis was a Lithuanian and American sociologist who is considered one of the founders of the civilizational analysis. Although the concept of “civilizational analysis” has deep roots in the social sciences, Kavolis points out to an urgent need to re-think it for contemporary times. His method of civilizational analysis supports an interesting pluralist perspective. Kavolis suggests a need for sociology to more thoroughly integrate sociological, historical, anthropological, psychological, and philosophical analysis into its theory and practice. He has developed an interdisciplinary method along the lines of a historical, cultural, and existential sociology.
The central thesis is that although Kavolis is often regarded as an nonempirical theorist, existential empirical experience of everyday life is actually central to Kavolis’s work. The relation between sociology and history as academic disciplines is reexamined by comparing the civilizational method of Vytautas Kavolis and the approach of the traditional historiography. In contrast to a conventional historiography that centers attention upon descriptive historical facts, Kavolis urged a sociology that is historically reflexive and that is based on the existential conception of man.
Kavolis‘s historical sociology is contrasted also with the theoretical attempts to build grand historical systems which narrows the “small” causal relations in history. Kavolis applies Norbert Elias’s concept of civilizing processes to problems of modernization, individualization, and humanization of human consciousness. His work is especially noteworthy when he explores the different paths of socio-historical modernization, offering a comprehensive analysis of the cultural significance of the new modes of thought and action.
Inteligentija ir politika
Authors: Rapoportas Sergejus 
Published: January 2019

The article is dedicated to contemporary political situation in Lithuania, emphasizing sociopsychological content of the opposition between different political competitors in modern Lithuania.
The article emphasizes the role of intelligentsia as the basic group of politicians, its’ forms, intentions of their political activity, and, especially, the motive of their „self-importance“. This competetive activity has moral „cover“, opponents reveal each other, using the fact, that under the cover of popular slogans they satisfy their own needs and values. As a result, a morality occurs a kind of tool in political game.
Šeima ir vaikai: realijos ir vertinimai
Authors: Mitrikas Alfonsas Algimantas 
Published: January 2019

In the paper family life and children having realities and relationships of their evaluations on the basis of corresponding statistical data (about the real situation and its changes), European Values Study and World Values Survey data (about attitudes and evaluations) carried out in 1999-2001 are analysed.
Family formation, having children and family life factual status are connected with the world of values, regulations which are reflected in people’s attitudes (and evaluations) about different aspects of life, and about having offspring as well. However, relations of the real state, views and evaluations are not so simple and easily interpreted.
Comparing real facts and evaluations we rather often encounter their contradictions. The refore the goal of the paper is to discuss the conditioning circumstances of the contradictions.
The main attention is given to the problem of having children. The problem is analysed starting with family formation and impacts on its stability and ending with the phenomena of extra-marital children. The main particularly used indicator of having children is the number of births given by a woman during her life, i.e. total fertility rate (TFR). The questions why the TFR have remained higher and in recent thirty years and there hasn’t been a marked decrease in the European countries where modern viewpoint of family life is backed up are discussed. Relations between the share of extramarital children in different countries and corresponding view of family formation and children having and others are fixed.
Vertybiniai pokyčiai Lietuvos visuomenėje: nuo tradicinių link sekuliarių – racionalių vertybių
Authors: Žiliukaitė Rūta 
Published: January 2019

The analysis of value changes in contemporary Lithuanian society, presented in this article, is based on insights of Ronald Ingelhart, that transition from a traditional, agrarian society to industrial society is accompanied by the changes in worldviews, reflected in value shift from traditional values, emphasizing traditional authority, importance of religion, family and community, to secular-rational values, emphasizing independence and autonomy of individual.
Using data of European Value Surveys and World Values Surveys conducted in Lithuania from 1990 to 2005, the author of the article seeks to reveal intergenerational value differences between generations that grew up before Second World War and generations, that reached adulthood during years of Soviet regime, between generations that grew up in still agrarian Lithuania and generations that grew up in more industrialized and urbanized Lithuania. Data analysis, presented in the article, show that intergenerational differences in value orientations form one dimension of value change, related to 20th century modernization processes in Lithuania.
Tinklų Europa ar Europos viešoji erdvė? Keturios ir viena perspektyvos
Authors: Nieminen Hannu 
Published: January 2019

The main argument in this article is that instead of attempting to establish the existence or the non-existence of the European public sphere or public spheres, we could think of Europe as consisting of a multiplicity of networks, each having a public sphere or spheres of their own. The idea of seeing the public sphere from the point of view of networks is critical to the traditional Habermasian idea of conceiving the public sphere as something intrinsically restricted to national boundaries.
The social and cultural networks operate in all areas of life. They have developed, transformed, and vastly expanded in time. It is difficult to make clear distinctions between different networks today as they can operate locally, nationally, trans-nationally, regionally, trans-regionally as well as globally. However, from the point of view of democratic theory it is still important to make a separation between these different spatial embodiments of the networks as they all indicate different modalities for democratic polities. Democracy needs to be thought differently on a local or national scale than on the trans-national or global scale. The idea of seeing the public sphere from the point of view of networks is critical to the traditional idea of conceiving the public sphere as something intrinsically restricted to national boundaries.
Senstantis kūnas Lietuvos viešajame diskurse
Authors: Rapolienė Gražina , Juozulynas Algirdas 
Published: January 2019

Based on biomedical view bodily ageing in gerontology traditionally was associated with biological decline. Theorists of social gerontology recently noticed certain ambiguity of biomedical age discourses: between statements that ageing is universal, natural on one hand, and the proposed means for its „treatment“ on the other. The objective of the article is to discuss results of an investigation on representation of ageing body in Lithuanian mass media. The method used is qualitative content analyse using Hamlet data analysis software. Research data: publications mentioning bodily ageing in the internet portal “Delfi” (Lithuanian version) 2007.01.01 – 2007.12.31. The analysis of publications confirms theoretical insights showing that two interconnected topics are dominant in the public discourse: medical knowledge and body care. Ageing of body is associated with decline, destruction and risk to health, so ageing body is socially constructed as
marginal.
Europinės ir tautinės tapatybės kriterijai elito nariųpožiūriu
Authors: Veličkaitė Kristina , Matonytė Irmina , Morkevičius Vaidas 
Published: January 2019

The article is based on the data from the “IntUne” project survey of elites carried out in spring of 2007 in 15 European Union countries (N= 1780). The Lithuanian, Polish and French elites’ samples, analyzed in depth, have N= 120. The aim of the study is to assess the importance of selected criteria for elites’ definition of a true “national” and of a true “European”. The theoretical framework of the article is based on the dichotomy of national and European identity. The hypotheses are: 1) in elites’ view European identity dwells on the same criteria as national identity; 2) definitions of the national and European identities by the Lithuanian elites employ the same criteria as the European elites in general and the French and Polish elites in particular. Results show that 1) among the elites, the criteria of national and European identity are very similar, yet the salience of factors are perceptibly higher in the case of the national identity; 2) each country’s
elites have slightly diverging criteria of national and European identities.
Ko galima tikėtis iš socialinės teorijos postmetafizikos amžiuje?
Authors: Murphy John W. W. 
Published: January 2019

There are many complaints nowadays about social theory. On the one hand, theory is considered to be too abstract. The thrust of this approach, accordingly, is to develop a grand scheme that details how society or some component operates. Others argue, on the other hand, that theory is not abstract enough. These critics contend that theory is too particularistic and deals with simply how persons respond to themselves and others. Hence the focus is on interaction within very restricted confines. Each viewpoint merely begins from a different source. By invoking an actual debate that occurred in sociology, the thrust of this paper is to illustrate why the question of abstraction haunts theory. Additionally, an important issue that must be clarified is whether theory has any role without the ability to make generalized or increasingly abstract claims about social life.
Keywords: social theory, the question of abstraction, Post-metaphysical Era.
Socialinis darbas, pradinis lavinimas ir alfabetizacija
Authors: Dorschkly Lilo 
Published: January 2019

Since a couple of years in Germany numerous publications appeared on problems of education in connection with social work. Profound changes in the occupational system have led to the emergence of new standards of basic skills and educational requirements. "Lifelong Learning" as a political attempt to cope with these changes includes expansion and transgression of traditional and organized learning. Not surprising that professional social work is confronted with several problems concerning these changes. The main task of this essay is to show how education as a social workers business can become highly ambivalent due to essential discrepancies between functional and emancipatory conceptions of education. Discussing the advancement of literacy/reading and writing skills this article shows that social work has to develop its own educational approaches to avoid adopting rules and functions of the organized educational system.
Kontraceptinė elgsena Europos šalyse
Authors: Tretjakova Vaida 
Published: January 2019

Lietuvos socialinių tyrimų centras, Demografinių tyrimų institutasGoštauto g. 11, LT-01108 Vilnius. Tel. 8 611 212 61El. paštas: vaida.tretjakova@gmail.com
Straipsnyje, remiantis tarptautinio „Kartų ir lyčių“ tyrimo duomenimis, analizuojami kontraceptinės elgsenos skirtumai Europos šalyse pagal bendrą kontraceptinių priemonių naudojimo lygį ir populiariausių kontraceptinių priemonių struktūrą, aptariamos abortų rodiklių kaitos sąsajos su kintančia kontraceptine elgsena. Konstatuojama, kad Lietuva pasižymi specifine kontraceptinės elgsenos kultūra, atspindinčia tarpinę kontraceptinio perėjimo situaciją, kai modernios kontraceptinės priemonės užima pirmą vietą naudojamų tokių priemonių struktūroje, bet tradicinės kontraceptinės priemonės išlieka ne mažiau svarbios. Abortų rodiklių analizė atskleidė, kad, kintant kontraceptinei elgsenai, kito ir abortų rodikliai, tačiau dėl numanomo duomenų netikslumo tikruosius abortų rodiklių pokyčių mastus vertinti sunku.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: kontracepcija, kontraceptinis perėjimas, abortas, Europos šalys.Contraceptive behavior in European CountriesVaida Tretjakova
SummaryThis article is dedicated to the analysis of patterns of contraceptive behavior in different European countries with special focus on the case of Lithuania. Based on the data of the international „Generations and Gender“ Survey contraceptive behavior is evaluated through two main measures: contraceptive prevalence rate and the structure of contraceptive methods used. Additionally, the relationship between the changing contraceptive behavior and abortion rates is discussed. Analysis has revealed that an intermediate pattern of contraceptive behavior in terms of the contraceptive transition is observed in Lithuania – even though modern contraceptive methods constitute almost half of all the methods used, traditional methods of contraception remain important. Parallel to the changes in contraceptive behavior certain changes in abortion trends were observed, however, the real scale of these changes is difficult to establish due to the likely inaccuracies in abortion statistics.Key words: contraception, abortion, contraceptive transition, European countries
Asmeninių kompetencijų reikšmė tarpdisciplininės komandos veikloje
Authors: Gevorgianienė Violeta 
Published: January 2019

Vilniaus universitetasSocialinio darbo katedraUniversiteto g. 9/1 – 309 kab.LT-01513 VilniusTel. 8 615 17 924El. paštas: violeta.gevorgianiene@fsf.vu.lt

Šio straipsnio tikslas – remiantis skirtingoms disciplinoms atstovaujančių specialistų nuomonių tyrimu aptarti asmeninių kompetencijų reikšmę tarpdisciplininių ankstyvosios intervencijos vaikystėje komandų veiklai. Įvairioms profesinėms sritims atstovaujančių specialistų kompleksinė pagalba rizikos situacijoje esančiam žmogui reikalauja darnių veiksmų. Tokių veiksmų sėkmė priklauso ne tik nuo sprendžiamos problemos sudėtingumo, bet ir nuo kompetencijų, kurias demonstruoja atskiri komandos nariai ir visa komanda. Ankstyvosios intervencijos tarnybų specialistų sudaryti kompetencijų sąrašai parodė, kad dabartiniame tarpdisciplininio bendradarbiavimo etape (nesant senų tokio bendradarbiavimo tradicijų) didžiausia reikšmė yra skiriama komandos nario geranoriškumui ir atvirumui patirčiai.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: tarpdisciplininė komanda, asmeninė kompetencija, refleksija.

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PERSONAL COMPETENCIES IN THE WORK OF AN INTERDISCIPLINARY TEAMVioleta Gevorgianienė
SummaryA complex support of a person in a difficult life situation requires coordinated efforts of specialists representing various professional fields. The quality of support and successful interdisciplinary team work in general depends not only on the complexity of the task, but also on competencies demonstrated by individual members of a team and the whole team in general. In the article the significance of personal competencies in interdisciplinary teams is analysed, based on the opinions survey of professionals working in early childhood intervention services. The method of expert evaluation (questionnaire) was used. Respondents were asked to compose two lists of competencies: firstly, to cognitively reflect on competencies which they considered important for the team work and, secondly, to recall most important competencies which they observed in practice and which most contributed to the successful team work. The lists of competencies composed by professionals revealed that in the current stage of interdisciplinary cooperation (when traditions of common work of different professionals are not yet strong) experts allocate the highest importance to competencies closely related to personal qualities of a colleague, such as agreeableness (revealed in the cognitive reflection) and openness to new experience (revealed in practice reflection).Key words: interdisciplinary team, personal competence, reflection.
Darbuotojų, kurių darbo pobūdis susijęs su didesne protine, emocine įtampa, darbo laiko sutrumpinimas: teisiniai ir praktiniai aspektai
Authors: Dumčiūtė Vaida 
Published: January 2019

Straipsnyje analizuojama darbo laiko sutrumpinimo tam tikroms darbuotojų grupėms reglamentavi­mas. Daugiausia dėmesio skiriama Vyriausybės nutarimui, detalizuojančiam, kokiems konkrečiai dar­buotojams yra trumpinamas darbo laikas, nagrinėti.
In dem Artikel wird die abgekürzte Arbeitszeit den Arbeitnehmern, den die Arbeit sich mit der grösse­re psichische Anspannung verbindet wird, behandelt. Die grösste Aufmerksamkeit wird im Artikel der Analyse des Beschlusses der Regierung gewidmet, in dem man ausführlich gesagt wird, welche Arbeiter kürzter als andere Gruppe der Arbeitnehmer arbeiten können.

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Nepriklausomas centrinis bankas
Authors: Vaškelaitis Vytautas 
Published: January 2019

Straipsnyje analizuojama centrinio banko nepriklausomumo problema istoriniu, teoriniu ir taikomuoju požiūriais. Iškeliami nepriklausomumo argumentai, atskleidžiama jo esmė, apibrėžiamos nepriklauso­mumo ribos, aptariamas veiklos skaidrumas. Prieinama prie išvados, kad centrinis bankas turėtų būti nepriklausomas nuo vyriausybės, kartu jo veiklą derinant su įstatymų leidžiamuoju ir vykdomuoju vals­tybės institutais. Tyrimo kontekste nagrinėjami pokyčiai, susiję su Europos ekonominės ir pinigų sąjun­gos susikūrimu, nepriklausomumo dimensija Europos centrinių bankų sistemos formate. Nustatoma, kad šiomis sąlygomis kai kuriose srityse nacionaliniai centriniai bankai turi savarankiškumą, kitose – Eu­ropos centrinis bankas naudojasi nacionalinių centrinių bankų paslaugomis, be to, Europos centrinis bankas veikia visiškai savarankiškai.
The article analyzes the problem of central bank independence a historical, theoretical, and practice terms. The independence of the arguments raised, disclosed in its essence, defines the limits of inde­pendence, the transparency of the operation in question. Accessible to the conclusion that the central bank should be independent from the government, while its activity in combination with the legislative and executive state institutions. The study examined the context of changes in European economic and monetary union within the independence dimension of the European System of Central Banks in format. Determined that under these conditions in some areas of the national central banks have independence, the other – the European Central Bank uses the services of national central banks, in addition to an­other – the European Central Bank is fully independent.
Klasikinio požiūrio į teisėją kaip teisės aiškintoją ir taikytoją alternatyvos
Authors: Kazanavičiūtė Rūta 
Published: January 2019

Straipsnyje aptariami realistinis ir socioekonominis požiūris į teisėjo vaidmenį santykyje su teise, žvel­giant iš teisės atradimo / kūrimo perspektyvos. Šie požiūriai dar gali būti vadinami laisvo teisėjų sprendi­mų priėmimo ir racionalaus teisėjų sprendimų priėmimo modeliais. Nagrinėjami svarbiausi šių požiūrių bruožai, paskirų teisės mokslininkų pozicijos.
The article deals with two groups of possible approaches to the role of the judge in interpreting and ap­plying the law. One of the analyzed approaches is so-called the realistic approach or the model of free judicial decision-making. The second approach is the so-called socio-economic approach or the model of rational judicial decision-making. The main features, examples and problems of these approaches are discussed in this article.
SAVAVALDŽIAVIMO NUSIKALTIMO IR CIVILINIŲ TEISIŲ SAVIGYNOS SANTYKIS
Authors: Višinskis Gerardas 
Published: January 2019

Straipsnyje tiriamas savavaldžiavimo nusikaltimo ir civilinių teisių savigynos santykis, jų panašumai ir skirtumai. Analizuojama savigalbos samprata, jos, savigynos ir savavaldžiavimo santykis. Nagrinėjamos savigynos įgyvendinimo sąlygos, jų pažeidimo teisiniai padariniai.
The article analyses the relationship between self-willed conduct and self-defence of civil rights as well as similarities and differences of these phenomena. The article also looks into the concept of self-help, its relationship with self-defence and self-willed conduct. Conditions for self-defence and legal consequences of breaches thereof are, moreover, analyzed.