bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anomalous origin of left main coronary artery from right coronary artery in a patient presenting with inferior wall myocardial infarction: a case report and literature review
Authors: Ludhwani Dipesh , Woo Vincent 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Anomalous origin of the coronary arteries is seen in less than 1% of the general population. Single coronary artery (SCA) is a congenital anatomic abnormality identified by a single coronary ostium giving rise to one coronary artery. We present an extremely rare variant of the left main coronary artery (LMCA) branching off from the right coronary artery (RCA) and following a prepulmonic course.

Case summary
A 72-year-old woman presented due to ongoing chest pain with associated ST-segment elevation involving the inferior leads. Emergent cardiac catheterization revealed a 99% ulcerated lesion in distal RCA, which was intervened on with angioplasty and stent placement. The RCA was noted giving rise to LMCA, which followed a prepulmonic course (anterior to pulmonary artery) before trifurcating into a small caliber left anterior descending, ramus intermedius, and hypoplastic left circumflex arteries. The non-malignant course of the aberrant LMCA was confirmed on the coronary computed tomography angiogram. The patient was discharged home on guideline-directed medical therapy.

Discussion
The patient illustrated congenital SCA with type RIIA pattern of the aberrant vessel based on the Lipton anatomic classification for SCA. The prepulmonic course of SCA is usually benign and can be managed conservatively.
Stent erosion after treatment of coarctation of right-sided aorta and successful surgical management
Authors: Rukosujew Andreas , Weber Raluca , Kasprzak Bernd , Dell’Aquila Angelo Maria 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We present a case of surgical treatment of a pseudoaneurysm of the right-sided aortic arch after stent implantation for primary coarctation in a 36-year-old woman with a previous history of ventricle septal defect closure in early childhood. As a first step, she underwent a left carotid to subclavian artery bypass for an aberrant left subclavian artery and as a second step a ‘beating heart’ aortic arch and descending aorta replacement via resternotomy. The postoperative course was uneventful.
Microbially mediated nutrient cycles in marine sponges
Authors: Zhang Fan , Jonas Lauren , Lin Hanzhi , Hill Russell T 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTEfficient nutrient cycles mediated by symbiotic microorganisms with their hosts are vital to support the high productivity of coral reef ecosystems. In these ecosystems, marine sponges are important habitat-forming organisms in the benthic community and harbor abundant microbial symbionts. However, few studies have reviewed the critical microbially mediated nutrient cycling processes in marine sponges. To bridge this gap, in this review article, we summarize existing knowledge and recent advances in understanding microbially mediated carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S) cycles in sponges, propose a conceptual model that describes potential interactions and constraints in the major nutrient cycles, and suggest that shifting redox state induced by animal behavior like sponge pumping can exert great influence on the activities of symbiotic microbial communities. Constraints include the lack of knowledge on spatial and temporal variations and host behavior; more studies are needed in these areas. Sponge microbiomes may have a significant impact on the nutrient cycles in the world’s coral reef ecosystems.
Swimming Turned on Its Head: Stability and Maneuverability of the Shrimpfish (Aeoliscus punctulatus)
Authors: Fish F E , Holzman R 
Published: October 2019

SynopsisThe typical orientation of a neutrally buoyant fish is with the venter down and the head pointed anteriorly with a horizontally oriented body. However, various advanced teleosts will reorient the body vertically for feeding, concealment, or prehension. The shrimpfish (Aeoliscus punctulatus) maintains a vertical orientation with the head pointed downward. This posture is maintained by use of the beating fins as the position of the center of buoyancy nearly corresponds to the center of mass. The shrimpfish swims with dorsum of the body moving anteriorly. The cross-sections of the body have a fusiform design with a rounded leading edge at the dorsum and tapering trailing edge at the venter. The median fins (dorsal, caudal, anal) are positioned along the venter of the body and are beat or used as a passive rudder to effect movement of the body in concert with active movements of pectoral fins. Burst swimming and turning maneuvers by yawing were recorded at 500 frames/s. The maximum burst speed was 2.3 body lengths/s, but when measured with respect to the body orientation, the maximum speed was 14.1 body depths/s. The maximum turning rate by yawing about the longitudinal axis was 957.5 degrees/s. Such swimming performance is in line with fishes with a typical orientation. Modification of the design of the body and position of the fins allows the shrimpfish to effectively swim in the head-down orientation.
The European Concept of Jurisdiction in the Colonies
Authors: Yahaya Nurfadzilah 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter explores the European concept of jurisdiction in the colonies. European concepts of jurisdiction were varied during the nineteenth century. One thing was for sure: the idea of territorial jurisdiction was imposed throughout the world as a handmaiden to colonialism. Jurisdictions were declared unilaterally and sometimes arbitrarily by colonial powers over huge swathes of territory. Moreover, territorial boundaries became more reified as cartography projects and imperial expeditions delineated borders, and colonial authorities enforced these border controls. The chapter looks at the pluralism that resulted from colonial powers imposing new administrative structures on colonial subjects. It highlights the significance of territorial jurisdiction as a tool to further the expansion of colonial rule and how the use of jurisdiction in this manner resulted in the subjugation of pre-existing legal frameworks.
Asia in the History and Theory of International Law
Authors: Anghie Antony 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter looks at debates about Asia in scholarship on the history and theory of international law. It also traces the evolution of concepts of sovereignty in the context of Asia’s colonial history, and more recent preoccupations with development. What counts as the ‘history and theory’ of international law is itself continuously changing and scholars must engage with new materials and issues. Possible new initiatives include deeper research on Asian traditions and concepts of rule and governance, justice, and order; approaching the history and theory of international law in Asia in global rather than regional terms; and turning to other disciplines—such as social/cultural anthropology—to develop new insights into the questions of governance and territory, and the powerful imaginaries of nationhood, sovereignty, and empire that animate the peoples of Asia, and that have not been entirely displaced by modern concepts of sovereignty and globalization. Examining these themes illuminates the important issues of how Asian states have attempted to innovate and use international law to further their own interests.
Visualising Voice: Analysing spoken recordings of nineteenth-century French poetry
Authors: Ardrey Caroline 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article presents a digitally assisted mode of close listening as an innovative way of analysing poetry, through the implementation of a recently developed web-based tool called Visualising Voice, initially conceived to facilitate performance studies of French poetry. This article begins by establishing the status of close listening practices and their importance as a means of studying poetry in French, as well as considering the possibilities afforded by applying these practices to studying poetry in other languages. It then goes on to examine how the Visualising Voice tool can be applied to case studies of two poems—Charles Baudelaire’s ‘L’Albatros’ (‘The Albatross’) and Paul Verlaine’s ‘Green’—each performed by three different speakers. This article argues that close listening using the Visualising Voice tool reveals subtle differences in the handling of metrical features and differences in performance styles of the same poem, which would be unlikely to be perceived by traditional listening methods. This article thus contends that close listening practices not only take the study of poetry beyond traditional modes of textual analysis but also that facilitating these practices through digital methodologies—such as those offered by the Visualising Voice tool—can transform the way in which poetry is read and understood beyond the academic sphere, in particular by general and younger audiences.
Evolving supernova remnants in multiphase interstellar media
Authors: Villagran Marco A , Velázquez P F , Gómez D O , Giacani E B 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
We performed three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations to study the evolution of a supernova remnant (SNR) in a turbulent neutral atomic interstellar medium. The media used as background shares characteristics with the Solar neighbourhood and the SNR has mass and energy similar to those of a Type Ia object. Our initial conditions consist of dense clouds in a diluted medium, with the main difference between simulations being the average magnitude of the magnetic field. We measured amplifications of the magnetic energy of up to 34 ${{\rm per\ cent}}$, and we generated synthetic maps that illustrate how the same object can show different apparent geometries and physical properties when observed through different lines of sight.
Diagnosis and Antibiotic Management of Otitis Media and Otitis Externa in United States Veterans
Authors: Pontefract Benjamin , Nevers Mckenna , Fleming-Dutra Katherine E , Hersh Adam , Samore Matthew , Madaras-Kelly Karl 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Acute otitis media (AOM) and otitis media with effusion (OME) occur primarily in children, whereas acute otitis externa (AOE) occurs with similar frequency in children and adults. Data on the incidence and management of otitis in adults are limited. This study characterizes the incidence, antibiotic management, and outcomes for adults with otitis diagnoses.

Methods
A retrospective cohort of ambulatory adult veterans who presented with acute respiratory tract infection (ARI) diagnoses at 6 VA Medical Centers during 2014–2018 was created. Then, a subcohort of patients with acute otitis diagnoses was developed. Patient visits were categorized with administrative diagnostic codes for ARI (eg, sinusitis, pharyngitis) and otitis (OME, AOM, and AOE). Incidence rates for each diagnosis were calculated. Proportions of otitis visits with antibiotic prescribing, complications, and specialty referral were summarized.

Results
Of 46 634 ARI visits, 3898 (8%) included an otitis diagnosis: OME (22%), AOM (44%), AOE (31%), and multiple otitis diagnoses (3%). Incidence rates were otitis media 4.0 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.9–4.2) and AOE 2.0 (95% CI, 1.9–2.1) diagnoses per 1000 patient-years. By comparison, the incidence rates for pharyngitis (8.4; 95% CI, 8.2–8.6) and sinusitis (15.2; 95% CI, 14.9–15.5) were higher. Systemic antibiotics were prescribed in 75%, 63%, and 21% of AOM, OME, and AOE visits, respectively. Complications for otitis visits were low irrespective of antibiotic treatment.

Conclusions
Administrative data indicated that otitis media diagnoses in adults were half as common as acute pharyngitis, and the majority received antibiotic treatment, which may be inappropriate. Prospective studies verifying diagnostic accuracy and antibiotic appropriateness are warranted.
Thymus Imaging Detection and Size Is Inversely Associated With Metabolic Syndrome and Frailty in People With HIV
Authors: Guaraldi Giovanni , Franconi Iacopo , Milic Jovana , Besutti Giulia , Pintassilgo Ines , Scaglioni Riccardo , Ligabue Guido , Riva Nicoletta , Raimondi Alessandro , Menozzi Marianna , Carli Federica , Zona Stefano , Santoro Antonella , Malagoli Andrea , Borghi Vanni , Torricelli Pietro , Cossarizza Andrea , Mussini Cristina 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
People with HIV (PWH) may experience accentuating aging in relation to immuno-activation. Little is known regarding thymus (THY) involution in this process. We sought to investigate the relationship between THY imaging detection/size and clinically relevant aging outcomes such as metabolic syndrome (MetS), multimorbidity (MM), and frailty in PWH.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional observational study including 665 HIV patients (81% males; median age, 53 years) attending Modena HIV Metabolic Clinic from 2014 to 2017. They underwent thoracic computed tomography scan as part of the medical assessment for cardiovascular disease, in which THY detection and size were reported using a semiquantitative score. Outcome measures were MetS, MM, and frailty.

Results
THY was detected in 27.0% of subjects; 71.1% showed THY size of grade 1–2, and 28.9% exhibited grade ≥3. Covariates that inversely correlated with THY detection were age, male gender, body mass index (BMI), and HIV duration. Covariates that inversely correlated with MetS were age, HIV duration, BMI, and THY grade 1–2. Covariates that inversely correlated with MM were age, HIV duration, and CD4 nadir. Covariates that inversely correlated with frailty were age, HIV duration, CD4 nadir, BMI, and THY detection.

Conclusions
THY is inversely associated with MetS and frailty in PWH.
Risk for Endocarditis in Bacteremia With Streptococcus-Like Bacteria: A Retrospective Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Berge Andreas , Kronberg Karin , Sunnerhagen Torgny , Nilson Bo H K , Giske Christian G , Rasmussen Magnus 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundMany genera and species of Streptococcus-like bacteria (SLB) can cause infective endocarditis (IE), but little is known about the epidemiology of and the risk factors for IE in SLB-bacteremia. The aim of the study was to analyze this in a cohort of patients with SLB-bacteremia, focusing on Abiotrophia, Aerococcus, Gemella, and Granulicatella. We also evaluated whether published scoring systems generated for other Gram-positive bacteria known to cause IE (HANDOC for streptococci and NOVA and DENOVA for enterococci) could be used in SLB bacteremia to decide whether transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) could be omitted.MethodsPositive blood cultures with SLB were retrieved from population-based registries in Sweden (3.2 million inhabitants), from January 2012 to December 2017. Clinical data were collected from medical records. Risk factors for IE were analyzed and the performances of the scoring systems were calculated.ResultsThe incidence of bacteremia with the 4 SLB genera was 30 episodes/1 000 000 population per year, of which Aerococcus contributed with 18. Among 568 episodes of bacteremia, 32 cases of IE were identified (5.6%). Infective endocarditis was most common in bacteremia with Abiotrophia (4 of 19) followed by Granulicatella (9 of 124), Gemella (6 of 87), and Aerococcus (13 of 338). NOVA had 100% sensitivity to identify IE but a low specificity (15%). For HANDOC and DENOVA, the sensitivities were 97% and 91%, respectively, whereas specificities were 85% and 90%, respectively, and numbers needed to screen were 3.6 and 2.8, respectively.ConclusionsBacteremia with these SLB is relatively rare, and the decision whether TEE should be performed or not could be based on either HANDOC or DENOVA.
Posthumanism
Authors: Buell Denise Kimber 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
For New Testament and early Christian studies, posthumanism provides a vantage point for contemporary readers to appreciate just how fully contingent ancient texts perceive “the human” to be. This chapter opens by linking the study of gender and sexuality with posthumanism. Situating posthumanism especially in relation to intersectional feminisms, this chapter explores ways that New Testament and early Christian scholarship has engaged posthumanism and might further contribute to this field. Juxtaposing New Testament and non-canonical writings with contemporary critical theory that may be associated with posthumanism, this essay offers new possibilities for reading ancient narratives of human origins such as Genesis 1-3 and its retellings, for identifying non-reproductive kin-making and multispecies mutualisms through rhetoric and ritual, and for reconsidering temporality. A brief case study of Ephesians also shows how biblical interpretation offers a caution to those who view posthumanism’s potential as primarily liberatory.
N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors
Authors: Iacobucci Gary J. , Popescu Gabriela K. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Discovered more than 70 years ago due to advances in electrophysiology and cell culture techniques, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors remain the target of assiduous basic and clinical research. This interest flows from their intimate engagement with fundamental processes in the mammalian central nervous system and the resulting natural desire to understand how this receptor’s genetically encoded structural properties generate their distinctive functional features and how in turn these unique functional attributes play into the larger opus of physiological and pathological processes. From the overwhelming literature on the subject, the authors briefly outline contemporary understanding of the receptor’s evolutionary origins, molecular diversity, and expression patterns; sketch hypothesized correlations between structural dynamics, signal kinetics, and pathophysiological consequences; and highlight the breadth of processes in which NMDA receptors are implicated, many of which remain poorly understood. Continued developments in cryo-electron microscopy, whole-genome sequencing and editing, imaging, and other emerging technologies will likely confirm some of the current hypotheses and challenge others to produce a more accurate reflection of these receptors’ complex operation and myriad roles in health and disease.
Research on Diversity in Sexual Identities
Authors: Singh Pawan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
If the elaboration of LGB identities is predicated on the development of binary sexuality in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries around normal and abnormal, heterosexual and homosexual, or Western and non-Western, research at the dawn of the twenty-first century has turned decidedly to the fluidity of sexuality and the various ways that sexual behavior is situated in social relationships and as social identities. This chapter turns to the persistence of alternative sexualities outside of or beyond the construction LGB, interrogating the links between sexuality and gender, the various reactions to the global diffusion of homosexuality (and homophobia) as cultural forms predicated on Western binaries, and the possibilities inherent in a world of diversely constituted sexualities.
Psychological Theories of Meditation in Early Buddhism and Sāṃkhya/Yoga
Authors: Sedlmeier Peter , Srinivas Kunchapudi 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Ancient Indian spiritual and philosophical approaches contain psychological theories of meditation that specify (a) what meditation is, (b) what its aim is and how it works, and (c) predictions about its effects. This chapter introduces two representative theories that date back more than two millennia, one derived from early Buddhism and the other from the classical Hindu thought systems of Sāṃkhya and Yoga. According to both theories, meditation is not a single technique but a partly differing collection of many different ones. The final aim of meditation, embedded in a spiritual and moral context, is achieving a state of liberation or enlightenment, although it is unclear whether both theories refer to a common state. Both theories also predict that positive effects can already be expected for practitioners still on the way. The cognitive mechanisms that are the basis for these results are clearly described in the two respective psychological models. The two theories allow for deriving predictions that go beyond the research questions currently pursued in Western meditation research, and they can act as building blocks for a comprehensive theory of meditation.
The Sociology of Meditation
Authors: Pagis Michal 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Sociologists study meditation as a social phenomenon, utilizing the contemporary practice of meditation as a window to larger questions about social life and organization in the contemporary world. This chapter illustrates how meditation serves as a new institution and social sphere that balances the “secular” and the “mystical” as well as “being together” and “being alone.” It embraces rising individualization and secularization, yet it is based on collective, joint circles where affective effervescence is produced and where people search for experiences that can be categorized as mystical, transformative, or therapeutic. The studies introduced in this chapter focus on three themes: meditation practice as a religious and spiritual phenomenon embedded in the contemporary world with its themes of individualization, secularization, and religious syncretism; the popularization of meditation as a social movement in a globalized world; and the micro-social world of meditation practice, focusing on social relations and the social self.
Okayama Astrophysical Observatory Wide-Field Camera
Authors: Yanagisawa Kenshi , Shimizu Yasuhiro , Okita Kiichi , Kuroda Daisuke , Tsutsui Hironori , Koyano Hisashi , Izumiura Hideyuki , Yoshida Michitoshi , Ohta Kouji , Kawai Nobuyuki , Nakada Yoshikazu , Yamamuro Tomoyasu 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We report on the development of a wide-field near-infrared (0.9–2.5$\, \mu$m) camera built as a renewal of the existing classical Cassegrain 0.91 m telescope at Okayama Astrophysical Observatory. The optics system was replaced with fast hybrid optics (f/2.5) composed of forward Cassegrain optics and quasi-Schmidt optics, which results in an effective image circle of 52 mm diameter on the focal plane. The new camera, called the Okayama Astrophysical Observatory Wide-Field Camera (OAOWFC), has imaging capabilities in the $Y$, $J$, $H$, and $K_{\rm s}$ bands over a field of view of $0.^{\!\!\!\circ }47 \times 0.^{\!\!\!\circ }47$ with a HAWAII-1 HgCdTe PACE focal plane array. The primary purpose of OAOWFC is to search for variability in the Galactic plane in the $K_{\rm s}$ band and to promptly follow up transients. We have demonstrated a photometric repeatability of 2% in the densest field in the northern Galactic plane and successfully discovered previously unreported variable stars. The observations of OAOWFC are fully autonomous, and we started scientific operations in 2015 April.