bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical Properties, Film Thickness, and Bond Strengths of Resin‐Modified Glass Ionomer Cements According to Their Delivery Method
Authors: Sulaiman Taiseer A. , Abdulmajeed Awab A. , Altitinchi Ali , Ahmed Sumitha N. , Donovan Terence E. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPurposeTo determine the effect of changing the dispensing or mixing method of resin‐modified glass ionomer (RMGI) cements on their water sorption, solubility, film thickness, and shear bond strength.Materials and MethodsDisc‐shaped specimens of RMGI cements (RelyX: Luting [handmix], Luting Plus [clicker‐handmix], Luting Plus [automix], GC: Fuji PLUS [capsule‐automix], FujiCEM 2 [automix], [n = 10]) were prepared according to ISO standard 4049 for water sorption and solubility tests. Furthermore, the percentage of mass change, percentage of solubility, and percentage of water absorbed was also determined. Film thickness was measured according to ISO standard 9917‐2; the mean of 5 measurements for each cement was calculated. Shear bond strength for each cement was determined according to ISO standard 29022 before and after thermocycling at 20,000 cycles, temperatures 5 to 55°C with a 15‐second dwell time (n = 10/subgroup). Two‐ and one‐way ANOVA were used to analyze data for statistical significance (p < 0.05).ResultsWater sorptions of the RMGI cements were in close range (214‐250 μg/mm3) with no statistical differences between counterparts (p > 0.05). RelyX Luting Plus (clicker‐handmix) displayed lower solubility than its handmix and automix counterparts (p < 0.05). Film thickness of RelyX cements was significantly different (p < 0.05). RelyX Luting Plus (automix) had the lowest film thickness (19 μm) compared to its handmix (48 μm) and clicker‐handmix (117 μm) counterparts (p < 0.05). GC Fuji PLUS (capsule‐automix, 22 μm) was significantly lower than the automix version (GC FujiCEM 2, 127 μm) (p < 0.05). Shear bond strength of RelyX Luting Plus (automix) was significantly lower than its handmix and clicker‐handmix versions (p < 0.05). GC Fuji PLUS (capsule‐automix) was significantly higher than GC FujiCEM 2 (automix) (p < 0.05). The binary interaction of the two independent variables (dispensing/mixing method and thermocycling) was significant for the shear bond strengths of the GC cements only (p < 0.05).ConclusionsChange in the dispensing/mixing method of RMGI cement from the same brand may have an effect on its physical properties, in addition to its film thickness and shear bond strength. Newer, easier, and faster cement delivery systems are not necessarily better. Clinical outcomes of these differences are yet to be confirmed.
Effect of Implant Position on Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes of Locator‐Retained Mandibular Overdentures: A 1‐Year Prospective Study
Authors: ELsyad Moustafa Abdou , Maryod Waleed Hamed , Mostafa Aisha Zakaria 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the influence of implant position on clinical and radiographic outcomes of Locator‐retained mandibular overdenturesMaterials and MethodsFifteen edentulous participants with compromised bone at canine regions of the mandible were given 2 implants in the premolar areas (study group, PM). The control group (CA) consisted of 15 participants who received 2 implants in the canine regions, matched to PM and assigned as historical control. For study and control groups, mandibular dentures were constructed and attached to the fixtures with Locator attachments using the delayed loading protocol. Clinical (plaque scores, gingival scores, pocket depth, and implant stability) and radiographic (marginal bone loss) outcomes were assessed after denture delivery (T0), 6 months (T6), and 12 months (T12) later.ResultsThe survival rate was 100% in both groups. All clinical and radiographic parameters increased significantly with time. No significant difference in plaque scores, gingival scores, or implant stability between groups was observed. PM group recorded significantly higher pocket depth and marginal bone loss than CA group at T6 and T12.ConclusionsWithin the limits of this short‐term clinical study, canine position for implants retaining mandibular overdentures with Locator attachments is preferred over the first premolar position, as it was associated with reduced peri‐implant pocket depth and marginal bone loss after 1 year.
Cotton, cowpea and sesame are alternative crops to cucurbits in soils naturally infested withMonosporascus cannonballus
Authors: Sales Júnior Rui , Balbino Deyse Anne Dias , Negreiros Andréia Mitsa Paiva , Barboza Hailton da Silva , de Medeiros Erika Valente , Armengol Josep 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMonosporascus cannonballusis an important cucurbit root pathogen, which has been reported in the main production areas of melon and watermelon in Brazil and worldwide and potentially capable to colonize roots of different species. Crop rotation is considered an effective management strategy to prevent this disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of different crops, pumpkin, cotton, cowpea, sesame, watermelon, melon, corn, cucumber, sorghum and tomato, to the infection of this pathogen. Seedlings were transplanted into plastic containers with an inoculum concentration of 20 colony‐forming units (CFU) g−1ofM. cannonballus. Fifty days after transplanting, the variables analysed were the degree of disease severity on the root system and the frequency of reisolation. On cucurbits, the results demonstrated different degrees of susceptibility among crops and cultivars, being melon and watermelon the most sensitive species. In contrast,Cucurbitacultivars were the most tolerant. Regarding non‐cucurbit crops, maize, sorghum and tomato presented root discoloration andM. cannonballuswas reisolated from roots. Cotton, cowpea and sesame cultivars were not affected by the pathogen, so they can be considered as alternative crops to be cultivated, or in rotation with cucurbits, inM. cannonballusinfested soils.
Hepatitis C: The beginning of the end—key elements for successful European and national strategies to eliminate HCV in Europe
Authors: Papatheodoridis G. V. , Hatzakis A. , Cholongitas E. , Baptista‐Leite R. , Baskozos I. , Chhatwal J. , Colombo M. , Cortez‐Pinto H. , Craxi A. , Goldberg D. , Gore C. , Kautz A. , Lazarus J. V. , Mendão L. , Peck‐Radosavljevic M. , Razavi H. , Schatz E. , Tözün N. , van Damme P. , Wedemeyer H. , Yazdanpanah Y. , Zuure F. , Manns M. P. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major public health problem in the European Union (EU). An estimated 5.6 million Europeans are chronically infected with a wide range of variation in prevalence across European Union countries. Although HCV continues to spread as a largely “silent pandemic,” its elimination is made possible through the availability of the new antiviral drugs and the implementation of prevention practices. On 17 February 2016, the Hepatitis B & C Public Policy Association held the first EU HCV Policy Summit in Brussels. This summit was an historic event as it was the first high‐level conference focusing on the elimination of HCV at the European Union level. The meeting brought together the main stakeholders in the field of HCV: clinicians, patient advocacy groups, representatives of key institutions and regional bodies from across European Union; it served as a platform for one of the most significant disease elimination campaigns in Europe and culminated in the presentation of the HCV Elimination Manifesto, calling for the elimination of HCV in Europe by 2030. The launch of the Elimination Manifesto provides a starting point for action in order to make HCV and its elimination in Europe an explicit public health priority, to ensure that patients, civil society groups and other relevant stakeholders will be directly involved in developing and implementing HCV elimination strategies, to pay particular attention to the links between hepatitis C and social marginalization and to introduce a European Hepatitis Awareness Week.
Short‐term results of changes in existing and de novo lower urinary tract symptoms after robot‐assisted laparoscopic uterosacral ligament suspension and sacrocolpopexy
Authors: Kurdoglu Mertihan , Unlu Serdar , Antonetti‐Elford Megan , Kurdoglu Zehra , Kilic Gokhan S. 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveThis study presents short‐term outcomes related to changes in existing and de novo lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), pelvic pain, and bowel function following robot‐assisted laparoscopic uterosacral ligament suspension (RALUSLS) and sacrocolpopexy (RALSC).MethodsObservational data for RALUSLS (n = 23) and RALSC (n = 25) collected between August 2014 and March 2016 from a single institute (The University of Texas Medical Branch) were evaluated retrospectively. Patient characteristics, concomitant procedures, and the occurrence of lower urinary tract, pelvic pain, and bowel symptoms were compared between patients undergoing RALUSLS and RALSC.ResultsThere was no significant difference in background characteristics between the 2 groups, except for parity, which was high in the RALUSLS group. In the RALUSLS group, patients experienced significant resolution of urinary urgency (P < .001) and frequency, urge and mixed incontinence, and pelvic pain (P < .05). In the RALSC group, there was significant resolution of nocturia, mixed incontinence, pelvic pain, and dyspareunia (P < .05). There was no significant difference in the occurrence of de novo symptoms in the RALUSLS and RALSC groups (P > .05), although newly appearing urinary urgency or frequency and stress or urge incontinence were more common after RALSC.ConclusionMixed incontinence and pelvic pain improved significantly in patients after RALUSLS or RALSC. In RALUSLS patients, urgency, frequency, and urge incontinence also improved, whereas additional improvement in nocturia and dyspareunia was evident only in RALSC patients. De novo LUTS developing after these procedures, especially after RALSC, necessitate careful patient consultation prior to surgery.
Identifying unusual mortality events in bats: a baseline for bat hibernation monitoring and white‐nose syndrome research
Authors: Fritze Marcus , Puechmaille Sebastien J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBat population trends are particularly affected by adult mortality, especially when large numbers of individuals die, as evidenced by white‐nose syndrome in North America. We obtained baseline mortality data from 318 European hibernacula. Mortality was low and negatively associated with elevation but not with fungal infestation. Mortality events involving more than seven bats at a hibernaculum should be considered unusual, and above this threshold, pathological or microbiological analysis should be carried out. To increase understanding of mortality in bats, there is an urgent need to develop and co‐ordinate national and international programs for monitoring and investigating mortality and diseases.
Spatial population genetic structure of a bacterial parasite in close coevolution with its host
Authors: Andras Jason P. , Fields Peter D. , Ebert Dieter 
Published: March 2018

AbstractKnowledge of a species’ population genetic structure can provide insight into fundamental ecological and evolutionary processes including gene flow, genetic drift and adaptive evolution. Such inference is of particular importance for parasites, as an understanding of their population structure can illuminate epidemiological and coevolutionary dynamics. Here, we describe the population genetic structure of the bacterium Pasteuria ramosa, a parasite that infects planktonic crustaceans of the genus Daphnia. This system has become a model for investigations of host–parasite interactions and represents an example of coevolution via negative frequency‐dependent selection (aka “Red Queen” dynamics). To sample P. ramosa, we experimentally infected a panel of Daphnia hosts with natural spore banks from the sediments of 25 ponds throughout much of the species range in Europe and western Asia. Using 12 polymorphic variable number tandem repeat loci (VNTR loci), we identified substantial genetic diversity, both within and among localities, that was structured geographically among ponds. Genetic diversity was also structured among host genotypes within ponds, although this pattern varied by locality, with P. ramosa at some localities partitioned into distinct host‐specific lineages, and other localities where recombination had shuffled genetic variation among different infection phenotypes. Across the sample range, there was a pattern of isolation by distance, and principal components analysis coupled with Procrustes rotation identified congruence between patterns of genetic variation and geography. Our findings support the hypothesis that Pasteuria is an endemic parasite coevolving closely with its host. These results provide important context for previous studies of this model system and inform hypotheses for future research.
Phenotypic and transcriptomic responses to salinity stress across genetically and geographically divergent Tigriopus californicus populations
Authors: DeBiasse Melissa B. , Kawji Yasmeen , Kelly Morgan W. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSpecies inhabiting the North American west coast intertidal must tolerate an extremely variable environment, with large fluctuations in both temperature and salinity. Uncovering the mechanisms for this tolerance is key to understanding species’ persistence. We tested for differences in salinity tolerance between populations of Tigriopus californicus copepods from locations in northern (Bodega Reserve) and southern (San Diego) California known to differ in temperature, precipitation and humidity. We also tested for differences between populations in their transcriptomic responses to salinity. Although these two populations have ~20% mtDNA sequence divergence and differ strongly in other phenotypic traits, we observed similarities in their phenotypic and transcriptomic responses to low and high salinity stress. Salinity significantly affected respiration rate (increased under low salinity and reduced under high salinity), but we found no significant effect of population on respiration or a population by salinity interaction. Under high salinity, there was no population difference in knock‐down response, but northern copepods had a smaller knock‐down under low salinity stress, corroborating previous results for T. californicus. Northern and southern populations had a similar transcriptomic response to salinity based on a principle components analysis, although differential gene expression under high salinity stress was three times lower in the northern population compared to the southern population. Transcripts differentially regulated under salinity stress were enriched for “amino acid transport” and “ion transport” annotation categories, supporting previous work demonstrating that the accumulation of free amino acids is important for osmotic regulation in T. californicus.
Evolving building blocks of rhythm: how human cognition creates music via cultural transmission
Authors: Ravignani Andrea , Thompson Bill , Grossi Thomas , Delgado Tania , Kirby Simon 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWhy does musical rhythm have the structure it does? Musical rhythm, in all its cross‐cultural diversity, exhibits commonalities across world cultures. Traditionally, music research has been split into two fields. Some scientists focused on musicality, namely the human biocognitive predispositions for music, with an emphasis on cross‐cultural similarities. Other scholars investigated music, seen as a cultural product, focusing on the variation in world musical cultures. Recent experiments found deep connections between music and musicality, reconciling these opposing views. Here, we address the question of how individual cognitive biases affect the process of cultural evolution of music. Data from two experiments are analyzed using two complementary techniques. In the experiments, participants hear drumming patterns and imitate them. These patterns are then given to the same or another participant to imitate. The structure of these initially random patterns is tracked along experimental “generations.” Frequentist statistics show how participants’ biases are amplified by cultural transmission, making drumming patterns more structured. Structure is achieved faster in transmission within rather than between participants. A Bayesian model approximates the motif structures participants learned and created. Our data and models suggest that individual biases for musicality may shape the cultural transmission of musical rhythm.
Short bowel syndrome: influence of nutritional therapy and incretin GLP1 on bone marrow adipose tissue
Authors: Parreiras‐e‐Silva Luciana T. , de Araújo Iana M. , Elias Jorge , Nogueira‐Barbosa Marcello H. , Suen Vivian M.M. , Marchini Julio S. , Bonella Jéssica , Nahas Andressa K. , Salmon Carlos E.G. , de Paula Francisco J.A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractEnergy deprivation leads to a decrease in white adipose tissue and bone mineral density (BMD), while simultaneously inducing the expansion of marrow adipose tissue (MAT). In short bowel syndrome (SBS), parenteral nutrition mitigates the deterioration of nutritional status, including decreases in MAT. Osteoporosis is, however, a frequent complication of SBS. The objective of our study here was to evaluate the association of fat deposit sites (subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues: intrahepatic lipid (IHL) and MAT) and the incretin glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP1) with BMD in individuals with SBS. MAT was negatively correlated with lumbar spine BMD in normal individuals, but not in those in the SBS group, who otherwise showed a positive correlation between MAT and GLP1. In addition, in individuals with SBS, IHL was negatively associated with lumbar spine BMD and positively associated with C‐terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (a serum biomarker of bone turnover). Caloric maintenance in individuals with SBS, therefore, seems to positively affect the relationship between MAT and BMD, which may be modulated, at least in part, by GLP1.
Understanding cardiac shunts
Authors: Joffe Denise C. , Shi Mark R. , Welker Carson C. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryMost patients with congenital heart disease have a cardiac shunt whose direction and magnitude can have a major impact on cardiorespiratory physiology and function. The dynamics of the shunt can be significantly altered by anesthetic management and must be understood in order to provide optimal anesthetic care. Given that there are now more adults than children with congenital heart disease and that the majority of nonpediatric patients are cared for in centers without special expertise in congenital heart disease, it is imperative that all anesthesia providers have a general understanding of the subject. This educational review describes a technique to explain this complex subject using simple pictorial diagrams.
A psychometric evaluation of the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scale
Authors: Ringblom Jenny , Wåhlin Ingrid , Proczkowska Marie 
Published: March 2018

SummaryBackgroundEmergence delirium and emergence agitation have been a subject of interest since the early 1960s. This behavior has been associated with increased risk of injury in children and dissatisfaction with anesthesia care in their parents. The Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium Scale is a commonly used instrument for codifying and recording this behavior.AimsThe aim of this study was to psychometrically evaluate the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scale, focusing on the factor structure, in a sample of children recovering from anesthesia after surgery or diagnostic procedures. The reliability of the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scale was also tested.MethodsOne hundred and twenty‐two children younger than seven years were observed at postoperative care units during recovery from anesthesia. Two or 3 observers independently assessed the children using the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scale.ResultsThe factor analysis clearly revealed a one‐factor solution, which accounted for 82% of the variation in the data. Internal consistency, calculated with Cronbach′s alpha, was good (0.96). The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, which was used to assess interrater reliability for the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scale sum score, was 0.97 (P < .001). The weighted kappa statistics were almost perfect in 4 of 5 items, with substantial agreement in the fifth (P < .001).ConclusionThe one‐factor solution and the satisfactory reliability in terms of internal consistency and stability support the use of the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scale for assessing emergence delirium in children recovering from anesthesia after surgery or diagnostic procedures. The kappa statistics for the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scale items essentially indicated good agreement between independent raters, supporting interrater reliability.
Transcriptome reprogramming due to the introduction of a barley telosome into bread wheat affects more barley genes than wheat
Authors: Rey Elodie , Abrouk Michael , Keeble‐Gagnère Gabriel , Karafiátová Miroslava , Vrána Jan , Balzergue Sandrine , Soubigou‐Taconnat Ludivine , Brunaud Véronique , Martin‐Magniette Marie‐Laure , Endo Takashi R. , Bartoš Jan ,   International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium (IWGSC), Appels Rudi , Doležel Jaroslav 
Published: March 2018

SummaryDespite a long history, the production of useful alien introgression lines in wheat remains difficult mainly due to linkage drag and incomplete genetic compensation. In addition, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the impact of foreign chromatin on plant phenotype. Here, a comparison of the transcriptomes of barley, wheat and a wheat–barley 7HL addition line allowed the transcriptional impact both on 7HL genes of a non‐native genetic background and on the wheat gene complement as a result of the presence of 7HL to be assessed. Some 42% (389/923) of the 7HL genes assayed were differentially transcribed, which was the case for only 3% (960/35 301) of the wheat gene complement. The absence of any transcript in the addition line of a suite of chromosome 7A genes implied the presence of a 36 Mbp deletion at the distal end of the 7AL arm; this deletion was found to be in common across the full set of Chinese Spring/Betzes barley addition lines. The remaining differentially transcribed wheat genes were distributed across the whole genome. The up‐regulated barley genes were mostly located in the proximal part of the 7HL arm, while the down‐regulated ones were concentrated in the distal part; as a result, genes encoding basal cellular functions tended to be transcribed, while those encoding specific functions were suppressed. An insight has been gained into gene transcription in an alien introgression line, thereby providing a basis for understanding the interactions between wheat and exotic genes in introgression materials.