bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generation and Propagation of Optical Superoscillatory Vortex Arrays
Authors: Lin Haolin , Fu Shenhe , Deng Zhigui , Zhou Haiqiong , Yin Hao , Li Zhen , Chen Zhenqiang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSuperoscillation is an intriguing wave phenomenon which enables subwavelength features propagating into far field and hence has potential applications in super‐resolution microscopy as well as particle trapping and manipulation. While previous demonstrations mostly concentrate on designing complicated nanostructures for generating uncontrollable superoscillatory functions, here a new technique which allows for creating polynomially shaped superoscillatory functions that contain phase singularity arrays is demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally. Such a technique is implemented in optical experiments for the first time and controllable superoscillatory lobes with feature much below the diffraction limit is achieved. More importantly, a general theoretical framework, which, to our knowledge, has not been reported before, is developed to show how the created superoscillations propagate to a distance of many Rayleigh ranges and eventually disappear when the distance is sufficiently larger. The validity of the model is confirmed by the experiments. The results may trigger further studies in light field shaping and manipulations in subwavelength scale.
Cavity‐Photon‐Induced High‐Order Transitions between Ground States of Quantum Dots
Authors: Gudmundsson Vidar , Abdullah Nzar Rauf , Tang Chi‐Shung , Manolescu Andrei , Moldoveanu Valeriu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIt is shown that quantum electromagnetic transitions to high orders are essential to describe the time‐dependent path of a nanoscale electron system in a Coulomb blockade regime when coupled to external leads and placed in a 3D rectangular photon cavity. The electronic system consists of two quantum dots embedded asymmetrically in a short quantum wire. The two lowest in energy spin degenerate electron states are mostly localized in each dot with only a tiny probability in the other dot. In the presence of the leads, a slow high‐order transition between the ground states of the two quantum dots is identified. The Fourier power spectrum for photon–photon correlations in the steady state shows a Fano type of resonance for the frequency of the slow transition. Full account is taken of the geometry of the multilevel electronic system, and the electron–electron Coulomb interactions together with the para‐ and diamagnetic electron–photon interactions are treated with step‐wise exact numerical diagonalization and truncation of appropriate many‐body Fock spaces. The matrix elements for all interactions are computed analytically or numerically exactly.
Photo‐induced and Rapid Labeling of Tetrazine‐Bearing Proteins via Cyclopropenone‐Caged Bicyclononynes
Authors: Mayer Susanne V. , Murnauer Anton , von Wrisberg Marie‐Kristin , Jokisch Marie‐Lena , Lang Kathrin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractInverse electron‐demand Diels–Alder cycloadditions (iEDDAC) between tetrazines and strained alkenes/alkynes have emerged as essential tools for studying and manipulating biomolecules. A light‐triggered version of iEDDAC (photo‐iEDDAC) is presented that confers spatio‐temporal control to bioorthogonal labeling in vitro and in cellulo. A cyclopropenone‐caged dibenzoannulated bicyclo[6.1.0]nonyne probe (photo‐DMBO) was designed that is unreactive towards tetrazines before light‐activation, but engages in iEDDAC after irradiation at 365 nm. Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase/tRNA pairs were discovered for efficient site‐specific incorporation of tetrazine‐containing amino acids into proteins in living cells. In situ light activation of photo‐DMBO conjugates allows labeling of tetrazine‐modified proteins in living E. coli. This allows proteins in living cells to be modified in a spatio‐temporally controlled manner and may be extended to photo‐induced and site‐specific protein labeling in animals.
Bioinspired Synergistic Fluorescence‐Color‐Switchable Polymeric Hydrogel Actuators
Authors: Wei Shuxin , Lu Wei , Le Xiaoxia , Ma Chunxin , Lin Han , Wu Baoyi , Zhang Jiawei , Theato Patrick , Chen Tao 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMany living organisms have amazing control over their color, shape, and morphology for camouflage, communication, and even reproduction in response to interplay between environmental stimuli. Such interesting phenomena inspire scientists to develop smart soft actuators/robotics via integrating color‐changing functionality based on polymer films or elastomers. However, there has been no significant progress in synergistic color‐changing and shape‐morphing capabilities of life‐like material systems such as hydrogels. Herein, we reported a new class of bioinspired synergistic fluorescence‐color‐switchable polymeric hydrogel actuators based on supramolecular dynamic metal–ligand coordination. Artificial hydrogel apricot flowers and chameleons have been fabricated for the first time, in which simultaneous color‐changing and shape‐morphing behaviors are controlled by the subtle interplay between acidity/alkalinity, metal ions, and temperature. This work has made color‐changeable soft machines accessible and is expected to hold wide potential applications in biomimetic soft robotics, biological sensors, and camouflage.
Charge‐Shift Bonding: A New and Unique Form of Bonding
Authors: Shaik Sason , Danovich David , Galbraith John Morrison , Braïda Benoît , Wu Wei , Hiberty Philippe C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCharge‐shift bonds (CSBs) constitute a new class of bonds different than covalent/polar‐covalent and ionic bonds. Bonding in CSBs does not arise from either the covalent or the ionic structures of the bond, but rather from the resonance interaction between the structures. This Essay describes the reasons why the CSB family was overlooked by valence‐bond pioneers and then demonstrates that the unique status of CSBs is not theory‐dependent. Thus, valence bond (VB), molecular orbital (MO), and energy decomposition analysis (EDA), as well as a variety of electron density theories all show the distinction of CSBs vis‐à‐vis covalent and ionic bonds. Furthermore, the covalent–ionic resonance energy can be quantified from experiment, and hence has the same essential status as resonance energies of organic molecules, e.g., benzene. The Essay ends by arguing that CSBs are a distinct family of bonding, with a potential to bring about a Renaissance in the mental map of the chemical bond, and to contribute to productive chemical diversity.
Designed Negative Feedback from Transiently Formed Catalytic Nanostructures
Authors: Afrose Syed Pavel , Bal Subhajit , Chatterjee Ayan , Das Krishnendu , Das Dibyendu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHighly dynamic and complex systems of microtubules undergo a substrate‐induced change of conformation that leads to polymerization. Owing to the augmented catalytic potential at the polymerized state, rapid hydrolysis of the substrate is observed, leading to catastrophe, thus realizing the out‐of‐equilibrium state. A simple synthetic mimic of these dynamic natural systems is presented, where similar substrate induced conformational change is observed and a transient helical morphology is accessed. Further, augmented catalytic potential of these helical nanostructures leads to rapid hydrolysis of the substrate providing negative feedback on the stability of the nanostructures and realization of an out‐of‐equilibrium state. This simple system, made from amino acid functionalized lipids, demonstrates a substrate‐induced self‐assembled state, where the fuel‐to‐waste conversion leads to the temporal presence of helical nanostructures.
Programmable Exposure of Pt Active Facets for Efficient Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Wang Guanzhi , Yang Zhenzhong , Du Yingge , Yang Yang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTo produce efficient ORR catalysts with low Pt content, PtNi porous films (PFs) with sufficiently exposed Pt active sites were designed by an approach combining electrochemical bottom‐up (electrodeposition) and top‐down (anodization) processes. The dynamic oxygen‐bubble template (DOBT) programmably controlled by a square‐wave potential was used to tune the catalyst morphology and expose Pt active facets in PtNi PFs. Surface‐bounded species, such as hydroxyl (OH*, *=surface site) on the exposed PtNi PFs surfaces were adjusted by the applied anodic voltage, further affecting the dynamic oxygen (O2) bubbles adsorption on Pt. As a result, PtNi PF with enriched Pt(111) facets (denoted as Pt3.5 %Ni PF) was obtained, showing prominent ORR activity with an onset potential of 0.92 V (vs. RHE) at an ultra‐low Pt loading (0.015 mg cm−2).
Diverse Nanoassemblies of Graphene Quantum Dots and Their Mineralogical Counterparts
Authors: Qu Zhi‐bei , Feng Wei‐Jie , Wang Yichun , Romanenko Fedor , Kotov Nicholas A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractComplex structures from nanoparticles are found in rocks, soils, and sea sediments but the mechanisms of their formation are poorly understood, which causes controversial conclusions about their genesis. Here we show that graphene quantum dots (GQDs) can assemble into complex structures driven by coordination interactions with metal ions commonly present in environment and serve a special role in Earth's history, such as Fe3+ and Al3+. GQDs self‐assemble into mesoscale chains, sheets, supraparticles, nanoshells, and nanostars. Specific assembly patterns are determined by the effective symmetry of the GQDs when forming the coordination assemblies with the metal ions. As such, maximization of the electronic delocalization of π‐orbitals of GQDs with Fe3+ leads to GQD‐Fe‐GQD units with D2 symmetry, dipolar bonding potential, and linear assemblies. Taking advantage of high electron microscopy contrast of carbonaceous nanostructures in respect to ceramic background, the mineralogical counterparts of GQD assemblies are found in mineraloid shungite. These findings provide insight into nanoparticle dynamics during the rock formation that can lead to mineralized structures of unexpectedly high complexity.
Performance of erythorbic acid as an oxygen scavenger in salted fresh and degraded monoethylene glycol under a magnetic memory effect
Authors: Al Helal Ammar , Iglauer Stefan , Gubner Rolf , Barifcani Ahmed 
Published: September 2019

AbstractStudies show that erythorbic acid is an effective oxygen scavenger in the food industry, thereby suggesting its potential for use in monoethylene glycol (MEG) regeneration systems. However, its performance under magnetic memory effects has not been studied. This study was conducted with 85‐vol.% fresh MEG (F‐MEG) and degraded MEG (D‐MEG) solutions, preadjusted to pH 9.0 and pretreated with a magnetic field (MF). Two oxygen concentrations, ~7,000 and ~1,000 ppb, high‐salinity concentrations (HF‐MEG and HD‐MEG), and organic acids were also employed. The applied MF strength, generated by a cylindrical permanent magnet, was ~0.65 T.The erythorbic acid scavenging performance was enhanced upon exposure of the HF‐MEG solutions to an MF. Conversely, the magnetized salt‐free D‐MEG solutions displayed a lower scavenging performance than the nonmagnetized solutions: Oxygen removal was more effective in the D‐MEG solutions than in the HF‐MEG solutions, regardless of magnetization, due to formic acid formation during the thermal oxidization process. Furthermore, the magnetized HF‐MEG solutions exhibited a progressive increase in pH over time, whereas the nonexposed and D‐MEG solutions presented different responses. Iron ions, acting as metal catalysts, also affected the oxygen scavenging performance in the D‐MEG tests. The results suggest that the erythorbic acid scavenging performance can be improved by promoting the forward reaction using an MF. In addition, in the presence of erythorbic acid and only under specific conditions, formic acid can be used as secondary oxygen scavenger in oil and gas industry. Stable alkaline conditions are also necessary to achieve better scavenging performance. These results can be attributed to the influence of the MF on the spin state mechanism, given that the electron spin dynamics are affected by the Zeeman effect.
Electropermeabilization of metastatic chondrosarcoma cells from primary cell culture
Authors: Michel Olga , Błasiak Piotr , Saczko Jolanta , Kulbacka Julita , Drąg‐Zalesińska Małgorzata , Rzechonek Adam 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPrimary cell cultures are challenging, but reliable model reflecting tumor response in vitro. The study was designed to examine if the increased electropermeabilization can overcame initial drug insensitivity in chondrosarcoma cells from lung metastasis. We established a primary cell culture and evaluated the cytotoxic impact of four drugs—cisplatin (CDDP), camptothecin, 2‐methoxyestradiol, and leucovorin calcium (LeuCa). After determination of parameters allowing for electropermeabilization, we performed electrochemotherapy in vitro with the least toxic drugs—CDDP and LeuCa. Although combining CDDP and leucovorin together increased their toxicity and supported apoptosis, application of pulsed electric fields (PEFs) brought no advantage for their efficacy. The study emphasizes the need for introduction of primary cell cultures into studies on pulse electric fields as model frequently less sensitive to PEF‐based treatments than continuous cell lines.
mRNA Transfection into CHO‐Cells Reveals Production Bottlenecks
Authors: Coats Michael T. , Bydlinski Nina , Maresch Daniel , Diendorfer Andreas , Klanert Gerald , Borth Nicole 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObtaining highly productive Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)‐cell clones for the production of therapeutic proteins relies on multiple time‐consuming selection steps. Several CHO‐cell strains with high degrees of genomic and epigenetic variation are available. Each harbor potential advantages and disadvantages for any given product, particularly those considered difficult to express. A simple test system to quickly assess compatibility of cell line and product may therefore prove useful. Transient plasmid transfection falls short of the specific productivities of stable producer cells, making it unsuitable for the elucidation of high specific productivity bottlenecks. The aim of the study is to reach specific productivities approaching those of industrial production cell lines by transfection of in vitro transcribed mRNA. The system is characterized with respect to transfection efficacy (by quantitative PCR) and protein production (by flow cytometry and biolayer interferometry). Fluorescence of intracellular eGFP saturates at higher amounts of mRNA per cell, while the amount of secreted and intracellular EPO‐Fc remain linearly correlated to the amount of mRNA taken up. Nevertheless, MS shows a severe reduction in N‐glycosylation quality. This method allows for rapid elucidation of bottlenecks that would otherwise remain undetected until later during cell line development, giving insight into suitable strategies for preemptive targeted metabolic engineering and host cell line optimization.
Revisit of an unanswered question by pooled analysis of eight cohort studies in Japan: Does cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking have interaction for the risk of esophageal cancer?
Authors: Oze Isao , Charvat Hadrien , Matsuo Keitaro , Ito Hidemi , Tamakoshi Akiko , Nagata Chisato , Wada Keiko , Sugawara Yumi , Sawada Norie , Yamaji Taiki , Naito Mariko , Tanaka Keitaro , Shimazu Taichi , Mizoue Tetsuya , Tsugane Shoichiro , Inoue Manami 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCigarette smoking and alcohol drinking are two major risk factors for esophageal cancer. Not all, but several of case‐control studies have indicated interaction between the two factors; however, no prospective study has validated this phenomenon to date. Therefore, the interaction between smoking and alcohol drinking is still open‐ended question. To answer this, we conducted a pooled analysis using large‐scale population‐based cohort studies in Japan. Male subjects from eight cohort studies were included. Cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking were both categorized categorically (never/ever), and in the three consumption levels of pack years and ethanol consumption/day. Effects of smoking and drinking in each study were estimated by Cox regression models. The study‐specific results were combined through meta‐analysis to obtain summary effects of hazard ratios (HRs) and measures of interactions at both additive and multiplicative scales. Population attributable fractions (PAFs) from smoking and drinking were obtained using distributions of exposures and fully adjusted HRs. In 162 826 male subjects, 954 esophageal cancer incidences were identified. HRs of ever smoking, ever drinking, and their combination were 2.92 (1.59‐5.36), 2.73 (1.78‐4.18), and 8.86 (4.82‐16.30), respectively. Interaction between cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking was significantly positive on the additive scale, but not significant on the multiplicative scale. The joint effect of smoking and drinking in three levels of evaluation showed a similar significant super‐additive interaction. PAFs from smoking, drinking, and their combination were 55.4%, 61.2%, and 81.4%, respectively. Cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking had a significant positive additive interaction for esophageal cancer risk.
Chemodiversity and Antiproliferative Activity of the Essential Oil of Schinus molle Growing in Jordan
Authors: Aboalhaija Nour H. , Awwad Oriana , Khalil Enam , Abbassi Reem , Abaza Ismail F. , Afifi Fatma U. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe leaves and unripe and fully‐grown fruits of Schinus molle were collected from three geographical regions of Jordan: Amman (the Mediterranean), Madaba (Irano‐Turanean), and Sahab (Saharo‐Arabian). The hydrodistilled volatile oils of fresh and dried leaves and fruits were analyzed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The actual composition of the emitted volatiles was determined using Solid Phase Micro‐Extraction (SPME). α‐ and β‐Phellandrenes were the major components in all the analyzed samples. Quantitative differences were observed in the obtained essential oils (0.62–5.25 %). Additionally, cluster analysis was performed. Biologically, the antiproliferative activity of the essential oil, ethanol, and water extracts of the fruits and leaves was screened on Caco2, HCT116, MCF7, and T47D cell lines. The essential oil and ethanol extracts exhibited a dose‐dependent inhibition of cell growth with IC50 ranging between 21 and 65 μg/mL. The water extract did not exhibit any antiproliferative activity against the investigated cell lines.
Comparison of Chemical Composition of the Essential Oils from Different Botanical Organs of Pinus mugo Growing in Poland
Authors: Lis Anna , Lukas Małgorzata , Mellor Karolina 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe essential oils from needles, twigs, bark, wood, cones and young shoots of Pinus mugo were analyzed by GC, GC/MS, and 1H‐NMR spectroscopy. More than 130 compounds were identified. The oils differed in the quantitative composition. The principal components of the oil from twigs with needles were 3‐carene (23.8 %), myrcene (22.3 %), and α‐pinene (10.3 %). The needle oil contained mainly α‐pinene (18.6 %), 3‐carene (11.3 %), and bornyl acetate (8.3 %). The oils from twigs without needles, young shoots, bark, and wood were dominated by 3‐carene (28.6 %, 15.0 %, 18.5 %, and 34.6 %, respectively) and myrcene (23.4 %, 24.0 %, 24.6 %, and 9.4 %, respectively). In the cone oil (E)‐β‐caryophyllene was the main constituent (24.0 %).
Functionalization of Titanium Oxide Cluster Ti17O24(OiC3H7)20 with Catechols: Structures and Ligand‐Exchange Reactivities
Authors: Liu Caiyun , Hu Junyi , Zhu Feng , Zhan Jinhua , Du Lin , Tung Chen‐Ho , Wang Yifeng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe functionalization of Ti17O24(OiC3H7)20 (Ti17) with substituted catechols is studied by using crystallography, Raman spectroscopy, and stopped‐flow kinetics. The knowledges on the number of accessible functionalities, their exact location correlated with their Raman assignment, and the kinetic parameters are acquired. A catecholate ligand binds to a five‐coordinated surface Ti of Ti17 (denoted as Tia site) adopting the mono‐protonated, chelate‐bidentate binding mode, whereas it binds to a six‐coordinated surface‐Ti (denoted as Tib site) adopting the mono‐dentate mode. With low numbers of equivalents of added catechols the Tia sites show higher reactivity than the Tib sites toward functionalization. Two binding modes may co‐exist and equilibrate in solution. Our results also imply that at most eight of the twenty OiC3H7 ligands of Ti17 are exchangeable without damage of the core structure. The kinetic studies point out that the ligand‐exchange reaction is second order and occurs very fast. The current findings are helpful for the controlled functionalization of Ti17 and other Ti oxide clusters, and the further application of them as building blocks in supramolecular chemistry for the assembly of well‐defined organic–inorganic hybrid materials.
Synthesis, resolution, and chiroptical properties of hemicryptophane cage controlling the chirality of propeller arrangement of a C3 triamide unit
Authors: Long Augustin , Jean Marion , Albalat Muriel , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Giorgi Michel , Górecki Marcin , Dutasta Jean‐Pierre , Martinez Alexandre 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe five‐steps synthesis of a hemicryptophane cage combining a benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxamide unit and a cyclotriveratrylene (CTV) moiety is described. Chiral high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to resolve the racemic mixture. The absolute configuration of the isolated enantiomers was assigned by comparison of the experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra with the calculated ones. X‐ray molecular structures reveal that the capped benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxamide unit adopts a structurally chiral conformation in solid state: the chirality of CTV moiety controls the Λ or Δ orientation of the three amides.
Media technology shifts: Exploring millennial consumers' fashion‐information‐ seeking behaviors and motivations
Authors: Jones Aimee , Kang Jiyun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThere has been an evident decline in the number of subscriptions for traditional media while the digital forms of consumer‐centric media, specifically in the fashion area, including fashion blogs and social media, have ascended to unprecedented popularity for information‐seeking, especially with millennials. Despite the transformation of media consumption patterns, the literature has primarily focused on information givers' perspectives, while it has paid little attention to information seekers' standpoints. Utilizing thematic analysis of qualitative data collected from six focus groups, we found key motivations driving millennials to turn to digital fashion media for their information needs: search autonomy, virtual storage, instant gratification, visual inspiration, gratuitous information, and authenticity. This study provides insight into how to strategically respond to consumers' needs in the current digitalized media environment.
Sociomateriality: Theories, methodology, and practice
Authors: Moura Elton Oliveira de , Bispo Marcelo de Souza 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis article aims to present the theoretical trends that constitute the notion of sociomateriality in the field of organizational studies and to describe a methodological framework for conducting empirical research in this field. It is a contribution for those interested in understanding and using the sociomateriality approach theoretically and methodologically. The main conclusion is that sociomateriality is a valuable alternative not only for comprehending how the entanglement of human and non‐human actors may produce organizations, their practices, and changes, but also for (re)thinking organizational phenomena both ontologically and methodologically.