bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifikasi Senyawa Aktif dari Ekstrak Daun Jambu Air (Syzygium aqueum) dengan Perbandingan Beberapa Pelarut pada Metode Maserasi
Authors: Agustina Eva , Andiarna Funsu , Lusiana Nova , Purnamasari Risa , Hadi Moch. Irfan 
Published: November 2018

Daun jambu air (Syzygium aqueum) dikenal sebagai salah satu obat tradisional, untuk menyembuhkan beberapa infeksi akibat antigen berupa bakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa aktif yang terdapat dalam daun jambu air dengan beberapa pelarut pada proses maserasi. Metode ekstraksi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah ekstraksi dingin berupa maserasi dengan pemilihan pelarut yakni metanol (CH3OH), etil asetat dan n-heksana. Uji fitokimia yang dilakukan adalah uji saponin, flavonoid, alkaloid dan triterpenoid/steroid. Dari uji yang dilakukan diketahui sampel ekstrak daun jambu air dengan pelarut metanol positif mengandung beberapa senyawa aktif berupa flavonoid, saponin, alkaloid dan triterpenoid. Ekstrak daun jambu air dengan pelarut etil asetat dan n-heksana positif mengandung beberapa senyawa aktif berupa flavonoid, alkaloid dan triterpenoid. Pelarut yang paling bagus untuk mendapatkan banyak senyawa aktif adalah metanol.

Kata kunci : Jambu air (Syzygium aqueum), maserasi, senyawa aktif
PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN HUTANG PADA USAHA KECIL DAN MENENGAH (UKM) DI PULAU LOMBOK: SUATU PERSPEKTIF BEHAVIORAL FINANCE
Authors: Hidayati Siti Aisyah , Suryani Embun , Muhdin M 
Published: November 2018

The purpose of this study is to find out what factors determine decision making of debt and what are the most dominant factors in decision making of debt for SMEs on the island of Lombok. This research is an explanatory research with quantitative approach. The population is all SMEs located in Lombok island. The sample is selected by Non probability sampling technique with a judgment sampling method where the SMEs that selected as samples are SMEs in handicraft industry of pottery and already exporting the products. Of the existing population, there are 25 (twenty five) SMEs that can be sampled. Respondents in this study are managers who also the owner of the SMEs. Data was collected using questionnaire. To achieve the research objectives, the data obtained will be processed according to needs using Factor Analysis.The results of this study indicate there are three groups of factors that determine decision making of debt, namely the First Factor Group consists of: Variable Excessive Optimism, Variable Overconfidence, Variable Confirmation Bias and Variable Aversion to sure loss. This factor is named Factor Overconfidence. The Second Factor Group consisted of Representativeness Variables, Avaibility Variables and Anchoring and Adjustment Variables. This factor is named the Avaibility Factor. The third factor group consists of Affect Variables and Aversion Loss Variables. This factor is named the Factor of Loss Aversion. The most dominant factor in determining debt decision making for SMEs in Lombok Island is the Overconfidence factor group consisting of Variable Excessive Optimism, Variable Overconfidence, Variable Confirmation Bias and Variable Aversion to sure loss .
Experience and expectations of transition to higher education: a qualitative exploration
Authors: Goldring Tia , Harper Emma , Jassal Ricky , Joseph Lorrianne , Kelly Alison , Mulrooney Hilda Mary , Piper Ian , Walker Hayden 
Published: November 2018

Transition to higher education is challenging, and may be more difficult for some groups than others. The transition from level 3 foundation year into level 4 offers the opportunity to explore student perspectives. Qualitative survey and focus group data were collected from current and previous Level 3 students, to ascertain student perceptions about induction, level of belonging, confidence about Level 4 and to identify useful support sources. Over a third of eligible Level 3 students (n=102) participated, but numbers of eligible participants from Levels 4, 5 and 6 were limited. Despite the heterogeneous nature of Level 3 students the majority of students recognised the value of the foundation year. Data suggested that Level 3 students did not identify with the university. Those who did highlighted the importance of social outlets such as clubs and societies. A major cause of dissatisfaction was perceived lack of clarity about the foundation year, including the programme, subjects and physical location of the course. This was apparent across all ethnicities, age groups and both genders. Among previous Level 3 students, personal sources of support were uniformly valued although the precise source varied by year of study. Support from academic staff, via office hours and as personal tutors, was rated as most important. Enabling academic staff to offer support to students throughout their study, and clear consistent information available throughout an ongoing transition, may help to minimise these issues.
Disponibilidade de cálcio e crescimento de mudas de eucalipto sob estresse salino
Authors: Matos Fabio Santos , Oliveira Cleiton Da Silva , Gomes Ivana Da Silva , Pacheco Jessica Schroder , Ribeiro Dalton 
Published: November 2018

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do estresse salino e disponibilidade de cálcio no crescimento de mudas de eucalipto. O experimento foi conduzido na Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Campus de Ipameri, Goiás em casa de vegetação com 80% de interceptação da radiação solar. Os clones do híbrido (Eucaliptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis) com 120 dias de idade foram adquiridos de empresa certificada e especializada na produção de mudas. As plantas foram transferidas para vasos com capacidade de cinco litros preenchidos com areia previamente lavada. O experimento foi montado seguindo o delineamento em blocos casualizados em arranjo fatorial 2x2 (plantas diariamente irrigadas com solução nutritiva de Clark com 2,56 mmol L-1 ou 0 mmol L-1 de cálcio x plantas irrigadas com água destilada ou água salina com 100 mg L-1 de NaCl) e sete repetições. O pH da solução nutritiva foi mensurado diariamente e ajustado no intervalo de 5,8 a 6,4. As mudas foram irrigadas diariamente com solução nutritiva completa de Clark por 10 dias e, em seguida, foram submetidas durante 45 dias aos tratamentos. As plantas de eucalipto irrigadas com solução salina apresentaram vigoroso crescimento vegetativo e ausência de sintomas de toxidez. A redução da biomassa de plantas submetidas a salinidade está relacionada com a redução da disponibilidade de água em função do baixo potencial osmótico da solução. O aumento na concentração de Na+ resultou em decréscimo na concentração de Ca2+ trocável e desequilíbrio iônico.
Treatment abandonment among patients with HIV infection in a reference center in southeastern Brazil
Authors: LIMA Raquel Tozzo de , MELO Márcio Cristiano de , DONALÍSIO Maria Rita 
Published: November 2018

The aim of this study was to analyze the sociodemographic, epidemiological, clinical and laboratory-related factors associated with the abandonment of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and the clinical and laboratory follow-up data of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This retrospective case-control study was conducted in the Reference Centre for Sexually Transmitted Diseases AIDS of Campinas-SP, from 2010 to 2015, with 50 cases of treatment abandonment and 66 cases with treatment and regular follow-ups. After univariate analysis, the multiple logistic regression model was adjusted using the cases, controls and covariables of interest. Being black/brownskinned, unemployed and heterosexual, and having a smoking habit were associated with abandonment, while a higher level of education and the presence of a multi-professional healthcare team predicted adherence to ART and follow-up. Hence, ART abandonment and follow-up are associated with unfavorable socioeconomic indicators and not with the integral care to patients. Our results may help in the identification of patients at a risk of abandoning treatment and follow-up, and formulation of prevention strategies for the same.
Free convective flow of a couple stress fluid through a vertical porous channel in the presence of a transverse magnetic field
Authors: Siddalinga M. Prasad , Shashikala B. S. 
Published: November 2018

Nonlinear oberbeck convection of a couple stress fluid in a vertical porous channel in the presence of transverse magnetic field is investigated in this paper. Analytical solution is obtained using the perturbation technique for vanishing values of the buoyancy parameter. Numerical solution of the nonlinear governing equations is obtained using the finite difference technique to validate the results obtained from the analytical solutions. The influence of the physical parameters on the flow, such as couple stress parameter, Hartmann number, temperature parameter, porous parameter and buoyancy parameter are evaluated and presented graphically. A new approach is used to analyse the flow for strong, weak and comparable porosity cases. It is found that increase in porous parameter, couple stress parameter, Hartmann number and temperature parameters decrease the velocity considerably.Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 12, No. I, June, 2016, Page: 49-62
Association between Anogenital Distance and External Genital Anomalies in Nigerian Newborn Infants
Authors: Onyiriuka Alphonsus N , Ikeanyi Eugene M 
Published: November 2018

Aim: Animal studies regarding endocrine dysfunction have linked anomalies of male external genitalia with reduced anogenital distance (AGD). Human studies have associated shorter AGD with genital anomalies in males. The aim of the present study is to report the AGD measurement among Nigerian newborn infants with undescended testis and/or hypospadias and compare the results with that of infants with normal external genitalia. Methods: In this case-control study, the AGD of 17 newborn infants with abnormal external genitalia (undescended testis (UDT)/hypospadias) was measured and the result compared with that of 34 newborn infants with normal external genitalia (descended testes and no hypospadias, epispadias or chordee). Each case recruited was matched for birth weight and length with two controls delivered consecutively. Thus, a total of 51 (cases and controls) newborn infants were ultimately studied. The differences in AGD between infants with abnormal external genitalia compared with that of infants with normal external genitalia were examined, using two-tailed Student’s t-test, with p-value set at < 0.05. In addition, the AGD in infants with hypospadias was compared with the AGD in infants with UDT. Results: The mean AGD was 27.6±4.9mm (95% CI = 26.0-29.2), 26.3±5.4mm (95% CI = 23.0-29.6) and 25.1±6.2 mm (95 CI = 20.1-30.1) in infants with normal external genitalia, UDT and hypospadias, respectively; p > 0.05. The mean AGD was shorter in infants with hypospadias compared with infants with UDT, p > 0.05. Conclusions: The AGD in Nigerian newborn infants with either UDT or hypospadias tended to be shorter than that of their counterparts with normal genitals and this reduction was more in infants with hypospadias compared with infants with UDT.
Intrauterine Condom Tamponade in Management of Post Partum Hemorrhage
Authors: Joshi Rijuta , Baral Gehanath 
Published: November 2018

Aims: To analyze the outcome of intrauterine balloon tamponade using fluid filled latex condom attached to Foley’s catheter (condom tamponade) in the management of postpartum hemorrhage. Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study of 29 women with postpartum hemorrhage unresponsive to pharmacological agents and managed with condom tamponade in Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital, Nepal from 13th February 2015 to 12th February 2016. Data were entered in Microsoft office excel (2007). Results: Majority (n=20) of women were 20-29 years and 52% of them (n=15) were primipara. Seventy percent women (n=20) delivered at term and vaginal delivery was the most common mode of delivery (72.41%, n=21). Sixty-two percent (n=18) had blood loss of <1000ml and condom tamponade was successful in 27 out of 29 women. One woman each needed internal iliac artery ligation and peri-partum hysterectomy. Conclusions: Intrauterine condom tamponade is the effective method of arresting postpartum hemorrhage due to a wide variety of causes.
Oligohydraminos in Low Risk Pregnancies at Western Regional Hospital Pokhara
Authors: Regmi Rabi , Singh Dela , Joshi Rijuta , Baral Gehanath 
Published: November 2018

Aims: This study is done to see the maternal and fetal factors associated with isolated oligohydraminos.Methods: It is a retrospective observational study done at Western Regional Hospital Pokhara. All cases of oligohydraminos except those with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, premature rupture of membranes, preterm labour and fetal congenital anomalies were included in the study. SPSS 16 and MS-Excel were used for data entry and analysis. Results were presented as graphs and tables.Results: Sixty cases were enrolled in the study and the mean age was 25.6 years. Oligohydraminos was more prevalent among primigravida compared to multigravida (62% vs. 38%). Half of the women (n=30) delivered in between 37 to 40 weeks of gestation while 47% (n=28) of the women were post dates and two were post term. LSCS was the most common mode of delivery in this study (n=48). Anhydraminos was detected in seven women (12%) during caesarean section and rest had scanty liquor (41 in LSCS and 12 in vaginal delivery). One fifth of them (n=12) had low birth weight and there were no cases of growth retardation. Eighty two percent of women (n=49) had scanty clear liquor while only seven percent (n=4) had meconium stained scanty liquor. One had stillbirth and the rest had Apgar score of six or more including anhydramnios.Conclusions: There were seven cases of anhydraminos and four cases of meconium stained liquor. All the live births had Apgar score of six or more. There was one stillbirth and neonatal admission each while no neonatal death in this study.
Management of Adnexal Mass During Cesarean Section
Authors: Gurung Monica , Baral Gehanath 
Published: November 2018

Aims: To find out the prevalence of adnexal mass during Cesarean Section, its management and histological profile.Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted for 4 years from 2013 to 2017 at Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. There were 18993 Cesarean Sections out of 72263 total births screened for adnexal masses from operation theatre register and record section.Results: The incidence of adnexal mass during cesarean section was 0.31% (58 out of 18993). Among them 15.52 % diagnosed antenatally and 84.48 % were incidentally diagnosed during cesarean section. Among 58 cases, 6 (10%) were bilateral amounting to 64 adnexal masses among which 35 (54.69%) masses had cystectomy, 20 (31.25%) masses had oophorectomy, 6 (9.37%) had aspiration/ drilling done and 3(4.69 %) masses were left without intervention. Among those cases only 48 histopathological reports were available. All the masses were benign and the most common was benign mature cystic teratoma (34; 69.38 %) and the least common was fibroma (1; 2.04%).Conclusions: Adnexal masses during cesarean section should undergo surgical removal.
Induction of labor in Mid-Western Hospital in Nepal: Practice and Solution
Authors: Dhakal Keshar Bahadur , Dhakal S , Shrestha S , Bhandari S 
Published: November 2018

IntroductionInduction of labour has been common intervention in modern obstetrics. This study is aimed to determine the distribution of practice and outcomes related to induction of labour in Mid-Western Regional Hospital in Nepal. MethodsThis is a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at Mid-Western Regional Hospital in Surkhet, Nepal. Secondary data were collected from patients’ records of the hospital dating from 16 July 2016 to 15 July 2017. All women who underwent induction of labour with oral misoprostol were included in this study. For induction of labour, maximum five doses of 50 microgram oral misoprostol was administered in every four hours. Descriptive summary statistics such as frequency and percentages were calculated.ResultsOut of total 3,694 pregnant women who delivered in MWRH, 10.5% (n = 387) were induced by oral misoprostol. Majority of labour induced women were in the age group of 20 – 24 years (52.9%), 37 – 42 weeks of gestation (69.5%), and multi-gravida (49.9%). Majority (77.0%) who underwent induction of labour had vaginal delivery. Among total induction of labour, 88.9% had healthy babies. Majority of new borns had APGAR score of six or more in both one minute (87.9%) and five minutes (93.6%). More than half of the new borns (54.5%) had birth weight of 3000 – 3500 grams. Most of the induced cases (97.4%) were free of complications. Only 1.3% of cases had post-partum haemorrhage. ConclusionsInduction of labour using oral misoprostol is a common practice in Mid-Western Regional hospital in Nepal and majority (77.0%) who underwent induction of labour had vaginal delivery.
Serum β-hCG Levels Between 13-20 Weeks Gestation Can Predict Development of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension
Authors: Kour Gurpreet , Kour Sandeep 
Published: November 2018

Aims: To find out predictive value of Serum β Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (β HCG) levels between 13-20 weeks of gestation in predicting the development of pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) or pre-eclampsia, eclampsia.Methods: Serum β HCG level was estimated in 200 normotensive patients between 13-20 weeks of gestation. The median value of Serum β HCG was calculated and patients were divided into two groups as per two times Multiple of Median (2MOM) values of Serum β HCG i.e. those above and below the 2MOM values. The patients were followed up to delivery and were evaluated for the development of PIH, pre-eclampsia and eclampsia.Results: As per the median score of Serum β HCG in studied patients, the determined value of 2MOM was 30845 mIU/ml. Out of 200 patients, 23 (11.5%) patients were found to have values of Serum β HCG ≥ 2MOM. Twelve (52%) patients in Serum β HCG ≥ 2MOM group developed hypertension on follow up as compared to 13 (7.3%) patients in < 2MOM group (p< 0.0001). Also patients in the ≥ 2MOM group had higher prevalence of maternal and fetal complications.Conclusion: Serum β HCG levels between 13-20 weeks of gestation can predict development of PIH in pregnant females
Profile of Fetal Echocardiography in a Tertiary Cardiac Centre of Nepal
Authors: Sharma Poonam , Shrestha Manish , Shrestha Pragati , Sharma Diwakar 
Published: November 2018

Aims: To analyze the fetal echocardiographic diagnosis.Methods: A descriptive study of fetal echocardiographic diagnosis at Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre between October 2016 to September 2017. Results: Total of 615 fetal echocardiography was performed in 607 pregnancies. Intrauterine heart disease noted in 79 cases. Echogenic intracardiac foci was the most common abnormality (6%) followed by VSD (1.3%), fetal arrhythmia (1.1%), pericardial effusion (1.6%), cardiomyopathy (0.3%), hypoplastic left ventricle (0.6%), DORV (0.3%) and tricuspid atresia (0.4%). Similarly the most common referral for fetal echocardiography was for maternal disorder mostly diabetes mellitus.Conclusion: Fetal echocardiography is an important tool for the antenatal diagnosis of congenital heart defects. Appropriate timing and judicious use increases the sensitivity and improves the perinatal outcome of newborns with congenital heart disease
Awareness with Recall in General Anesthesia undergoing Cesarean Section
Authors: Gurung Tara , Shrestha Sangeeta , Basnet Ujjwal , Shrestha Amirbabu 
Published: November 2018

Aims: To determine the incidence of awareness with recall in parturient undergoing cesarean section under general anesthesia in Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital.Methods: Retrospective observational cohort study of the patients who underwent cesarean section under general anesthesia from April mid 2014 to April mid 2017 (Baishakh 2071 to Chaitra 2073 BS). Awareness questionnaires filled up through the modified Brice interview.Results: A total of 162 patients underwent Cesarean Section under general anesthesia and138 were included in the study. None of them had awareness and six patients had a dream.Conclusion: No awareness with recall found and prospective study is required to determine the condition.
Maternal and perinatal outcome of teenage pregnancy in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Subedi Anjali , Shrestha Junu , Shrestha Aashika , Gurung Sangeeta 
Published: November 2018

Aims: To evaluate the maternal and perinatal outcome in adolescent pregnancy,Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara from October 2017 to March 2018 for duration of 6 months.Results: There were total 82 cases of teenage pregnancy in the study duration with incidence of 6% among total deliveries. Majority of cases were of age 19 and were primigravida. Fifty five percent of the cases had normal vaginal delivery and cesarean section accounted for 39% of cases. The major indication for cesarean section was meconium stained liquor (52%) followed by oligohydraminos (15%) and cephalopelvic disproportion (11%). The maternal complication accounted for 59% of total cases. Among them, anaemia was highly prevalent comprising 11% of cases followed by PPROM (9.8%) and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (8.5%). In perinatal outcome, the incidence of preterm birth was 15.9% and low birth weight was 13.4%. The rate of NICU admission was 2.4% and there was one case of still birth.Conclusion: The study showed that teenage pregnancy is at increased risk of adverse maternal and perinatal outcome. So if we lay an effort for reducing the incidence of teenage pregnancy, we can bring in positive changes in the indicators of maternal and perinatal morbidities.
Isolation of Organism and its Drug Sensitivity Pattern in Patients with Urinary Tract Infection at Kathmandu Model Hospital
Authors: Joshi Rajesh Dhoj , Khadka Sachin , Joshi Deepak Man , Shrestha Basudha , Dangal Ganesh , Dahal Abhinav 
Published: November 2018

Introduction: Lack of compliance and unjustified antibiotic prescriptions has resulted in increasing bacterial resistance and is proving as a major challenge in the management of infections. Knowing the commonly isolated uropathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility is beneficial in planning treatment protocols.Methods: A retrospective review of records of patients with urinary tract infection from January 2012 to December 2016 was conducted at Kathmandu Model Hospital. All patients who were diagnosed as having culture positive urinary tract infection in medical ward of Kathmandu Model Hospital during 5 years period were analyzed for demographic data, prevalence of organism and antibiotic susceptibility patterns.Results: A total of 315 samples were culture positive. The majority of bugs were gram negative E.coli (48.57%) followed by multi-drug resistant E.coli (28.89%). The other major pathogens were E. faecalis (6.03%), S. epidermidis (4.44%), K. pneumoniae (4.13%), respectively. The highest level of sensitivity in first line antibiotics was seen in nitrofurantoin (84.9%), whereas least sensitivity was shown by amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (21%). Similarly, in second line antibiotics, highest sensitivity was seen in tetracycline (100%), imipenem (91.9%) and least to meropenem (49.2%). Ceftazidime is mostly (93.3%) resistant antibiotics among uropathogens. All the third line antibiotics such as polymyxin B, tigecycline and colistin were 100% sensitive to all our isolates.Conclusions: Nitrofurantoin may be an appropriate choice for initial empirical therapy of urinary tract infection. Similarly, the multi-drug resistant E.coli is increasing but it can be tailored if antibiotics are used appropriately on the basis of susceptibility data.