bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visualization of Fingermarks Deposits on Untreated Thermal Paper Exploiting the Near Infrared Luminescence
Authors: Cappiello Pietro , Zampa Francesco , Siciliano Maria , Amata Biagio , Di Palma Renato , Modica Martino , Lazzaro Antonio Pasquale 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThermal paper is widely used as a print medium for different applications but it constitutes a tricky substrate for fingermark visualization. An earlier work (J Forensic Sci 2015;60:1034) reported how to visualize fingermarks on untreated thermal paper by illuminating the item with a UV‐A light source. In the present paper, the potential of the near infrared (NIR) luminescence has been tested on thermal paper compared to the mentioned method. A controlled study was carried out utilizing eccrine enriched fingermarks. The promising outcomes obtained were further confirmed by performing a pseudo‐operational trial. Data clearly showed that the use of the NIR filter gave better results. Finally, preliminary tests suggested a different mechanism of reaction induced by fingermarks with respect to the one behind the thermal printing. Thus, NIR luminescence represents a refinement to the suite of optical examination processes, including the potential to increase the number of marks recovered in a noncontact, nondestructive way.
Experimental Research on Class Identification with a New Type of Erasable Gel Pens
Authors: Liu Xinlai , Li Zhen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA new type of erasable gel pen ink is becoming increasingly popular because of the modifiable characteristics for writing on documents. This study attempts to distinguish 12 types of blue and black erasable gel pens produced by mainstream stationery manufacturers using infrared (IR) visual analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, fluorescence analysis, and microspectrophotometry. The results demonstrate that IR visual, FTIR, and fluorescence analysis can be used to help distinguish each type of erasable gel ink. While microspectrophotometry can be used to effectively differentiate the blue gel inks in this study, there are limitations with respect to distinguishing black erasable gel pens. When these four optical analyses methods were used in combination, the gel inks could be accurately distinguished.
Synergistic Effects of Nanocomposite Films Containing Essential Oil Nanoemulsions in Combination with Ionizing Radiation for Control of Rice Weevil Sitophilus oryzae in Stored Grains
Authors: Hossain Farah , Follett Peter , Salmieri Stephane , Vu Khang Dang , Harich Mehdi , Lacroix Monique 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe fumigant toxicity of eight individual essential oils (EOs; basil, cinnamon, eucalyptus, mandarin, oregano, peppermint, tea tree, and thyme) and one binary combination (thyme and oregano) for control of the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae, were investigated. In bioassays, all individual and combined EOs were toxic to the rice weevil. Eucalyptus EO exhibited the highest toxicity among the individual EO treatments, causing 100% mortality at a minimum concentration of 0.8 µL/mL after 24 hr of exposure. The combination treatment of oregano and thyme EO displayed higher fumigant activity than the individual oregano or thyme treatments. A stable oil‐in‐water nanoemulsion was evaluated using high‐pressure homogenization (microfluidization [MF]) and varying the pressure and number of cycles. The droplet size of the emulsions was found to decrease from 217 to 71 nm and encapsulation efficiency increased from 37% to 84% with increasing MF pressure and number of cycles. The optimum conditions for preparing the mixture of oregano and thyme EO nanoemulsions were evaluated to be homogenization pressure of 103 MPa and three cycles. Incorporating an oregano:thyme nanoemulsion (0.75%) into cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) containing chitosan (CH/CNC), methyl cellulose (MC/CNC), and polylactic acid (PLA/CNC) composite films resulted in extended diffusion matrices causing 32% to 51% rice weevil mortality after 14 days exposure. Irradiation at 200 Gray alone caused 79% mortality and increased to 100% when combined with the bioactive chitosan film containing the oregano:thyme nanoemulsion.Practical ApplicationA binary combination of oregano:thyme has potential as a biopesticide against stored product pests. The encapsulation of EO nanoemulsions into biopolymeric support could be used for bioactive packaging to prevent food spoilage and extend shelf life. Combining bioactive films with irradiation can provide complete control of rice weevil in packaged rice. The system developed in this research may also be extended to explore other food‐packaging films with various food models to control different types of stored pests.
Fabrication and Physicochemical Characterization of Pseudosciaena crocea Roe Protein‐Stabilized Emulsions as a Nutrient Delivery System
Authors: Tang Yue , Jiang Hui , Wu Haitao , Wang Xiaohan , Chen Yuzhu , Xiong Youling L. , Lin Songyi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to develop a protein emulsifier that can be used to construct a nutrient delivery system. Pseudosciaena crocea roe protein isolate (PRPI) was prepared and tested for its emulsifying properties. Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) was used as a model delivery nutrient in the constructed emulsions. The average particle size, zeta potential, and BITC retention rate of the emulsions were used as the main evaluation indexes, and confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to test the storage stability of the emulsions (composition: 5 mg/mL protein, 5% oil, 0 to 5 mg/mL BITC, pH 8). After storing at 20 °C for 7 days, the largest particle size of the emulsion at pH 8 increased from 274.27 to 280.82 nm. Storing at higher temperatures had a negative impact on the particle size and BITC retention rate. On the seventh day, the average particle size at 20 and 4 °C was 289.63 nm and 275.67 nm, respectively, and the BITC retention rate at 20 °C (83.30%) was found to be 15.50% lower than that at 4 °C (98.58%). These results demonstrate that the PRPI‐based emulsion system is effective in protecting nutrients and has excellent stability at 4 °C.Practical ApplicationThis study provides some useful information for the food industry to develop a nutrient delivery system emulsified with fish roe protein isolate. The properties of the isolated protein and its protective effect on nutrients are discussed.
Cannabis use as a risk factor for causing motor vehicle crashes: a prospective study
Authors: Brubacher Jeffrey R. , Chan Herbert , Erdelyi Shannon , Macdonald Scott , Asbridge Mark , Mann Robert E. , Eppler Jeffrey , Lund Adam , MacPherson Andrew , Martz Walter , Schreiber William E. , Brant Rollin , Purssell Roy A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimWe conducted a responsibility analysis to determine whether drivers injured in motor vehicle collisions who test positive for Δ‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) or other drugs are more likely to have contributed to the crash than those who test negative.DesignProspective case–control study.SettingTrauma centres in British Columbia, Canada.ParticipantsInjured drivers who required blood tests for clinical purposes following a motor vehicle collision.MeasurementsExcess whole blood remaining after clinical use was obtained and broad‐spectrum toxicology testing performed. The analysis quantified alcohol and THC and gave semiquantitative levels of other impairing drugs and medications. Police crash reports were analysed to determine which drivers contributed to the crash (responsible) and which were ‘innocently involved’ (non‐responsible). We used unconditional logistic regression to determine the likelihood (odds ratio: OR) of crash responsibility in drivers with 0 < THC < 2 ng/ml, 2 ng/ml ≤ THC < 5 ng/ml and THC ≥ 5 ng/ml (all versus THC = 0 ng/ml). Risk estimates were adjusted for age, sex and presence of other impairing substances.FindingsWe obtained toxicology results on 3005 injured drivers and police reports on 2318. Alcohol was detected in 14.4% of drivers, THC in 8.3%, other drugs in 8.9% and sedating medications in 19.8%. There was no increased risk of crash responsibility in drivers with THC < 2 ng/ml or 2 ≤ THC < 5 ng/ml. In drivers with THC ≥ 5 ng/ml, the adjusted OR was 1.74 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.59–6.36; P = 0.35]. There was significantly increased risk of crash responsibility in drivers with blood alcohol concentration (BAC) ≥ 0.08% (OR = 6.00;95% CI = 3.87–9.75; P < 0.01), other recreational drugs detected (OR = 1.82;95% CI = 1.21–2.80; P < 0.01) or sedating medications detected (OR = 1.45; 95%CI = 1.11–1.91; P < 0.01).ConclusionsIn this sample of non‐fatally injured motor vehicle drivers in British Columbia, Canada, there was no evidence of increased crash risk in drivers with Δ‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol < 5 ng/ml and a statistically non‐significant increased risk of crash responsibility (odds ratio = 1.74) in drivers with Δ‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol ≥ 5 ng/ml.
Whole‐exome sequencing suggests multiallelic inheritance for childhood‐onset Ménière's disease
Authors: Skarp Sini , Kanervo Laura , Kotimäki Jouko , Sorri Martti , Männikkö Minna , Hietikko Elina 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe genetic background of Ménière's disease (MD) was studied in one patient with childhood‐onset MD and his grandfather affected with middle age–onset MD. Whole‐exome sequencing was performed and the data were compared to 76 exomes from unrelated subjects without MD. Thirteen rare inner ear expressed variants with pathogenic estimations were observed in the case of childhood‐onset MD. These variants were in genes involved in the formation of cell membranes or the cytoskeleton and in genes participating in cell death or gene‐regulation pathways. His grandfather shared two of the variants: p.Y273N in HMX2 and p.L229F in TMEM55B. HMX2 p.Y273N was considered the more likely candidate for MD, as the gene is known to affect both hearing and vestibular function. The variant in the HMX2 gene may affect inner ear development and structural integrity and thus might predispose to the onset of MD. As there was a significant difference in onset between the patients, an accumulation of defects in several pathways is probably responsible for the exceptionally early onset of the disease, and the genetic etiology of childhood‐onset MD is most likely multifactorial. This is the first molecular genetic study of childhood‐onset MD.
Ethnography and the Making of “The People”: Uncovering Conservative Populist Politics in the United States
Authors: Pied Claudine M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe election of Donald Trump, the Brexit vote, and rise of conservative populism in countries around the world has led to an abundance of scholarship on populism and the white working class. Much of this work seeks to explain the underlying cause of this conservative populist politics, focusing on globalization and economic precarity, racism and anti‐immigrant sentiment, or failures of political leadership. Survey data and polling analyses, in particular, explain relationships between demographics, political opinions, and voting results. Though quantitative data on the social groups or activists most involved in populist politics are important, missing from this research are ethnographies of populism that explore how local, state, and national actors influence the meaning of “the people.” In this article, I will argue that ethnography is particularly well‐suited for exploring the coming together of local and national politics and the subtle ways that economic insecurity, racism, sexism, and Islamophobia intersect in the making of “hard working taxpayers” or “ordinary folks.” I draw from research in a predominantly white, former manufacturing town in central Maine to illustrate the significance of this ethnographic approach to populism.
Modern American Populism: Analyzing the Economics Behind the “Silent Majority,” the Tea Party, and Trumpism
Authors: Patenaude Willis 
Published: May 2019

AbstractModern American populism (MAP) was born out of the political upheaval of the civil rights movement of the 1960s. The article examines the causes of populism. Economic anxiety is found to be the main cause, but there is also evidence supporting an alternative theory that racial resentment is an important driving force behind populism. The article analyzes the role of populism in the 1972 election of Richard Nixon, the Tea Party election of 2010, and the 2016 election of Donald Trump using data provided by the American National Election Studies (ANES). There is ample qualitative evidence that economic anxiety caused the populist voting patterns that elected Nixon, Tea Party candidates, and Trump. Statistical data supported the same conclusion in the 2010 and 2016 elections, but the 1972 data were inconclusive. The data show that both economic anxiety and racial resentment played a role in the 2010 and 2016 elections, but the findings suggest that economic anxiety is the underlying factor that generates both racial resentment and support for populism.
Of vessels and cells: the spatial organization of the epididymal immune system
Authors: Guiton R. , Voisin A. , Henry‐Berger J. , Saez F. , Drevet J. R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundOne third of infertility cases in couples worldwide has an exclusive male origin and immune disorders, essentially due to repetitive infections, are emerging an cause of male infertility. As the place of sperm maturation, epididymis must be preserved from excessive immune responses that may arise following infections of the male genital tract. At the same time, epididymis must set and maintain a tolerogenic environment in order not to destroy sperm cells that enter the tissue at puberty, long after the immune system has been taught to recognize self pathogens. The immune cells that populate the epididymis have raised growing interest over the last thirty years but they may be not sufficient to understand the immune balance existing in this organ, between immune response to pathogens and tolerance to spermatozoa. Indeed, immune cells are the most motile cells in the organism and need blood and lymphatic vessels to traffic between lymphoid organs and sites of infection to induce efficient responses.ObjectivesTo review the literature on the blood and lymphatic vessels, and on the immune cells present at steady state in the rodent epididymis (rat and mouse).Materials and methodsPubMed database was searched for studies reporting on the spatial organization of the rodent epididymal vasculature and immune cell types at steady state. This search was combined with recent findings from our team.ResultsAt steady state, the rodent epididymis presents with dense blood and lymphatic networks, and a large panel of immune cells distributed across the interstitum and epithelium along the organ.ConclusionsThe immune system of the rodent epididymis is highly organized. Exploring its functions, especially in an infectious context, is the essential coming step before any transposition to human.
Muscle fibre activation and fatigue with low‐load blood flow restricted resistance exercise—An integrative physiology review
Authors: Wernbom Mathias , Aagaard Per 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBlood flow‐restricted resistance exercise (BFRRE) has been shown to induce increases in muscle size and strength, and continues to generate interest from both clinical and basic research points of view. The low loads employed, typically 20%‐50% of the one repetition maximum, make BFRRE an attractive training modality for individuals who may not tolerate high musculoskeletal forces (eg, selected clinical patient groups such as frail old adults and patients recovering from sports injury) and/or for highly trained athletes who have reached a plateau in muscle mass and strength. It has been proposed that achieving a high degree of muscle fibre recruitment is important for inducing muscle hypertrophy with BFRRE, and the available evidence suggest that fatiguing low‐load exercise during ischemic conditions can recruit both slow (type I) and fast (type II) muscle fibres. Nevertheless, closer scrutiny reveals that type II fibre activation in BFRRE has to date largely been inferred using indirect methods such as electromyography and magnetic resonance spectroscopy, while only rarely addressed using more direct methods such as measurements of glycogen stores and phosphocreatine levels in muscle fibres. Hence, considerable uncertainity exists about the specific pattern of muscle fibre activation during BFRRE. Therefore, the purpose of this narrative review was (1) to summarize the evidence on muscle fibre recruitment during BFRRE as revealed by various methods employed for determining muscle fibre usage during exercise, and (2) to discuss reported findings in light of the specific advantages and limitations associated with these methods.
Acute electroconvulsive therapy in the elderly with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder: A case series
Authors: Kumagaya David Yoshihito 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionThere is a paucity of evidence regarding the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in the elderly with primary psychotic conditions, such as schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. This study examined the efficacy and safety of acute ECT treatment in late‐life patients with primary psychotic conditions.MethodsA retrospective chart review was conducted on all patients aged 60 and above, who received ECT within a large metropolitan psychiatric facility in Australia between 2012 and 2018, and who were diagnosed with a primary psychotic condition. Information regarding demographic data, illness correlates, ECT treatment, treatment outcomes, and adverse effects was collected.ResultsA total of 20 patients met inclusion into the study, 35% of whom were diagnosed with schizophrenia and 65% with schizoaffective disorder. The average age was 69 years. Patients had been trialed on an average of seven distinct antipsychotic agents prior to acute ECT treatment; 50% had been trialed on clozapine. ECT was associated with full (60%) or partial remission (35%) of psychotic illness in 95% (n = 19) of patients. No ECT‐related fatalities were encountered. Adverse effects were experienced in 20% of patients, although none precluded the continuation of treatment.DiscussionThis study found ECT to be a highly effective and safe treatment in the elderly with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder, who had not responded adequately to psychotropic medications.
Associations of HLA genotypes with antithyroid drug‐induced agranulocytosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of pharmacogenomics studies
Authors: Chen Wei‐Ti , Chi Ching‐Chi 
Published: May 2019

AimsAntithyroid drug (ATD)‐induced agranulocytosis is a life‐threatening adverse drug reaction. Previous studies suggested that HLA genotypes may play an important role in ATD‐induced agranulocytosis. To examine the associations between HLA genotypes and ATD‐induced agranulocytosis, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of pharmacogenomics studies.MethodsWe searched the MEDLINE, Embase and CENTRAL databases on 16 June 2018 for case–control studies on the associations between HLA genotypes with ATD‐induced agranulocytosis. The Newcastle–Ottawa scale was used to evaluate the risk of bias of included studies. We conducted random‐effects model meta‐analysis to obtain pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to determine the associations between HLA genotypes and ATD‐induced agranulocytosis.ResultsWe included 5 studies with 142 ATD‐induced agranulocytosis cases, 1529 matched ATD‐tolerant controls and 5945 healthy controls. The risk of bias of included studies was generally low. ATD‐induced agranulocytosis was associated with HLA‐B*27:05 (OR 10.97; 95% CI 0.75–159.99), HLA‐B*38:02 (OR 19.85; 95% CI 7.94–49.57) and HLA‐DRB1*08:03 (OR 5.29; 95% CI 3.44–8.14). After excluding propylthiouracil, the associations of ATD‐induced agranulocytosis with HLA‐B*27:05 and HLA‐B*38:02 were strengthened (OR being 20.61 (95% CI 5.21–81.58) and 40.59 (95% CI 13.24–124.47), respectively). The associations of ATD‐induced agranulocytosis with HLA‐B*27:05, HLA‐B*38:02 and HLA‐DRB1*08:03 remained significant when compared to population controls (OR being 7.37 (95% CI 3.86–14.07), 36.43 (95% CI 12.80–103.70) and 5.42 (95% CI 2.36–12.47), respectively). HLA‐B*27:05, HLA‐B*38:02, and HLA‐DRB1*08:03 alleles were associated with ATD‐induced agranulocytosis, especially in carbimazole/methimazole‐induced agranulocytosis.ConclusionsHLA‐B*27:05, HLA‐B*38:02 and HLA‐DRB1*08:03 alleles were associated with ATD‐induced agranulocytosis, especially in carbimazole/methimazole‐induced agranulocytosis.
A justice‐based argument for including sickle cell disease in CRISPR/Cas9 clinical research
Authors: Baffoe-Bonnie Marilyn S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCRISPR/Cas9 is quickly becoming one of the most influential biotechnologies of the last five years. Clinical trials will soon be underway to test whether CRISPR/Cas9 can edit away the genetic mutations that cause sickle cell disease (SCD). This article will present the background of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing and SCD, highlighting research that supports the application of CRISPR/Cas9 to SCD. While much has been written on why SCD is a good biological candidate for CRISPR/Cas9, less has been written on the ethical implications of including SCD in CRISPR/Cas9 research. This article will argue that there is a strong case in favor of including SCD. Three benefits are achieving distributive justice in research, continuing to repair the negative relationship between patients with SCD and the health‐care system, and benefit‐sharing for those who do not directly participate in CRISPR/Cas9 research. Opponents will argue that SCD is a risky candidate, that researchers will not find willing participants, and that the burden of SCD is low. Of this set of arguments, the first gives pause. However, on balance, the case in favor of including SCD in CRISPR/Cas9 research is stronger than the case against. Ultimately, this article will show that the historic and sociopolitical injustices that impede progress in treating and curing SCD can be alleviated through biotechnology.
The evolution of moral progress and biomedical moral enhancement
Authors: Persson Ingmar , Savulescu Julian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn The Evolution of Moral Progress Allen Buchanan and Russell Powell advance an evolutionary explanation of moral progress by morality becoming more ‘inclusivist’. We are prepared to accept this explanation as far as it goes, but argue that it fails to explain how morality can become inclusivist in the fuller sense they intend. In fact, it even rules out inclusivism in their intended sense of moral progress, since they believe that human altruism and prosocial attitudes are essentially parochial. We also respond to their charge that the possibility of moral enhancement by biomedical means that we have defended in numerous publications assumes that moral attitudes are biologically hard‐wired to an extent that implies that they are resilient to the influence of cognitive or cultural factors. Quite the contrary, we think they are more open to such influence than they seem to do.