bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural Classifiers with Limited Connectivity and Recurrent Readouts
Authors: Kushnir Lyudmila , Fusi Stefano 
Published: September 2018

For many neural network models in which neurons are trained to classify inputs like perceptrons, the number of inputs that can be classified is limited by the connectivity of each neuron, even when the total number of neurons is very large. This poses the problem of how the biological brain can take advantage of its huge number of neurons given that the connectivity is sparse. One solution is to combine multiple perceptrons together, as in committee machines. The number of classifiable random patterns would then grow linearly with the number of perceptrons, even when each perceptron has limited connectivity. However, the problem is moved to the downstream readout neurons, which would need a number of connections as large as the number of perceptrons. Here we propose a different approach in which the readout is implemented by connecting multiple perceptrons in a recurrent attractor neural network. We prove analytically that the number of classifiable random patterns can grow unboundedly with the number of perceptrons, even when the connectivity of each perceptron remains finite. Most importantly, both the recurrent connectivity and the connectivity of downstream readouts also remain finite. Our study shows that feedforward neural classifiers with numerous long-range afferent connections can be replaced by recurrent networks with sparse long-range connectivity without sacrificing the classification performance. Our strategy could be used to design more general scalable network architectures with limited connectivity, which resemble more closely the brain neural circuits that are dominated by recurrent connectivity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe mammalian brain has a huge number of neurons, but the connectivity is rather sparse. This observation seems to contrast with the theoretical studies showing that for many neural network models the performance scales with the number of connections per neuron and not with the total number of neurons. To solve this dilemma, we propose a model in which a recurrent network reads out multiple neural classifiers. Its performance scales with the total number of neurons even when each neuron of the network has limited connectivity. Our study reveals an important role of recurrent connections in neural systems like the hippocampus, in which the computational limitations due to sparse long-range feedforward connectivity might be compensated by local recurrent connections.
The Motor Network Reduces Multisensory Illusory Perception
Authors: Murakami Takenobu , Abe Mitsunari , Wiratman Winnugroho , Fujiwara Juri , Okamoto Masahiro , Mizuochi-Endo Tomomi , Iwabuchi Toshiki , Makuuchi Michiru , Yamashita Akira , Tiksnadi Amanda , Chang Fang-Yu , Kubo Hitoshi , Matsuda Nozomu , Kobayashi Shunsuke , Eifuku Satoshi , Ugawa Yoshikazu 
Published: September 2018

Observing mouth movements has strikingly effects on the perception of speech. Any mismatch between sound and mouth movements will result in listeners perceiving illusory consonants (McGurk effect), whereas matching mouth movements assist with the correct recognition of speech sounds. Recent neuroimaging studies have yielded evidence that the motor areas are involved in speech processing, yet their contributions to multisensory illusion remain unclear. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in an event-related design, we aimed to identify the functional roles of the motor network in the occurrence of multisensory illusion in female and male brains. fMRI showed bilateral activation of the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) in audiovisually incongruent trials. Activity in the left IFG was negatively correlated with occurrence of the McGurk effect. The effective connectivity between the left IFG and the bilateral precentral gyri was stronger in incongruent than in congruent trials. The McGurk effect was reduced in incongruent trials by applying single-pulse TMS to motor cortex (M1) lip areas, indicating that TMS facilitates the left IFG-precentral motor network to reduce the McGurk effect. TMS of the M1 lip areas was effective in reducing the McGurk effect within the specific temporal range from 100 ms before to 200 ms after the auditory onset, and TMS of the M1 foot area did not influence the McGurk effect, suggesting topographical specificity. These results provide direct evidence that the motor network makes specific temporal and topographical contributions to the processing of multisensory integration of speech to avoid illusion.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe human motor network, including the inferior frontal gyrus and primary motor cortex lip area, appears to be involved in speech perception, but the functional contribution to the McGurk effect is unknown. Functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed that activity in these areas of the motor network increased when the audiovisual stimuli were incongruent, and that the increased activity was negatively correlated with perception of the McGurk effect. Furthermore, applying transcranial magnetic stimulation to the motor areas reduced the McGurk effect. These two observations provide evidence that the motor network contributes to the avoidance of multisensory illusory perception.
The Materiality of Musical Diplomacy in Early Modern Europe
Authors: Weaver Andrew H. 
Published: September 2018

In 1648 Andreas Rauch, an Austrian composer living in the Hungarian town of Sopron, published the Currus triumphalis musicus, a collection of thirteen Latin motets, each dedicated to a different Habsburg Holy Roman Emperor. With its sumptuous paratexts and impressive musical scope, this “triumphal musical chariot” was not a typical commercial commodity. Instead the volume functioned as an assertion of Habsburg power at the end of the Thirty Years’ War (1618–48).
A straightforward reading of the book is complicated, however, by the exile of Rauch, a Lutheran, from Austria in the 1620s. This musical panegyric, produced by a composer with a troubled relationship to the honoree, opens the door to a reading of the print as an act of diplomacy, in which the composer not only seeks reconciliation by acknowledging the Emperor’s power but also subtly admonishes the Habsburgs in the wake of a peace settlement that was decidedly more favorable to his side. Through close readings of the paratexts and the texts of the musical works against a political and theological backdrop, it is possible to uncover the diplomatic functions of the print for Ferdinand III, the town of Sopron, and Rauch himself. In shedding light on a fascinating cultural artifact, this article offers a fresh perspective on the diplomatic potential of printed music in early modern Europe.
Infant Feeding and Weight Gain: Separating Breast Milk From Breastfeeding and Formula From Food
Authors: Azad Meghan B. , Vehling Lorena , Chan Deborah , Klopp Annika , Nickel Nathan C. , McGavock Jonathan M. , Becker Allan B. , Mandhane Piushkumar J. , Turvey Stuart E. , Moraes Theo J. , Taylor Mark S. , Lefebvre Diana L. , Sears Malcolm R. , Subbarao Padmaja ,   on behalf of the CHILD Study Investigators
Published: September 2018

OBJECTIVES:Studies addressing breastfeeding and obesity rarely document the method of breast milk feeding, type of supplementation, or feeding in hospital. We investigated these practices in the CHILD birth cohort.METHODS:Feeding was reported by mothers and documented from hospital records. Weight and BMI z scores (BMIzs) were measured at 12 months. Analyses controlled for maternal BMI and other confounders.RESULTS:Among 2553 mother-infant dyads, 97% initiated breastfeeding, and the median breastfeeding duration was 11.0 months. Most infants (74%) received solids before 6 months. Among “exclusively breastfed” infants, 55% received some expressed breast milk, and 27% briefly received formula in hospital. Compared with exclusive direct breastfeeding at 3 months, all other feeding styles were associated with higher BMIzs: adjusted β: +.12 (95% confidence interval [CI]: .01 to .23) for some expressed milk, +.28 (95% CI: .16 to .39) for partial breastfeeding, and +.45 (95% CI: .30 to .59) for exclusive formula feeding. Brief formula supplementation in hospital did not alter these associations so long as exclusive breastfeeding was established and sustained for at least 3 months. Formula supplementation by 6 months was associated with higher BMIzs (adjusted β: +.25; 95% CI: .13 to .38), whereas supplementation with solid foods was not. Results were similar for weight gain velocity.CONCLUSIONS:Breastfeeding is inversely associated with weight gain velocity and BMI. These associations are dose dependent, partially diminished when breast milk is fed from a bottle, and substantially weakened by formula supplementation after the neonatal period.
The specifics of clotting and endogenic fibrinolysis in acute coronary syndrome patients
Authors: Kalinskaya A. I. , Savvinova P. P. , Vasilieva E. Yu. , Shpektor A. V. 
Published: September 2018

Aim. To assess the processes of clot formation in relation to endogenic fibrinolysis in patients with various types of acute coronary syndrome (ACS).Material and methods. To the study, 89 persons (40 males) included: 59 with ACS, 30 — control group. Among the ACS patients, 28 were ST-elevation (STEMI), 31 with non-ST-elevation ACS (NSTEACS). All participants were assessed for clotting formation parameters and thrombus lysis with rotational elastometry on ROTEM equipment (Germany) and “Hemacore” Thrombodynamics (Russia), before coronary arteriography.Results. Clot density and its size in 10 minutes were significantly higher in ACS comparing to control patients (2867 units vs 25084 units, p<0,001; 41,8 mm vs 36,4 mm, p<0,05, respectively). The time from onset of thrombus lysis was lower in ACS (79,4 min vs 69,3 min, p<0,05). The percent of lysis by the end of process registration was lower in ACS (20,1% vs 23,1%, p<0,05). Amplitude of clot formation in 20 minutes from the onset of clotting, as the maximum density of clot were significantly higher in NSTEACS comparing to STEMI (56,2 mm vs 49,7 mm, p=0,018; 59 mm vs 53,2 mm, p=0,011; respectively). Thrombus lysis was slower in NSTEACS patients comparing to STEMI (62,26 min vs 45,5 min, p=0,02).Conclusion. With the measurement in vitro, the process of clotting and thrombus lysis is more active in ACS patients comparing to controls, that point on a baseline activated hemostasis. Within the ACS group, higher the existing clot in vessel lumen, more active the shift of the balance to anticoagulation and fibrinolysis.
Cardiovascular death risk reduction in type 2 diabetes patients with confirmed cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Shlyakhto Е. V. , Shestakova M. V. 
Published: September 2018

Chairs of the Workgroup: Shlyakhto E. V., Shestakova M. V.Workgroup: Arutyunov G. P., Babenko A. Yu., Barbarash O. L., Boytsov S. A., Galstyan G. R., Grineva E. N., Drapkina O. M., Duplyakov D. V., Karpov Yu. A., Koziolova N. A., Konradi A. O., Lopatin Yu. M., Martynov A. I., Nedogoda S. V., Nedoshivin A. O., Ratova L. G., Sukhareva O. Yu., Tereshchenko S. N., Khalimov Yu. Sh.
Controlled arterial hypertension and adverse event free survival rate in heart recipients
Authors: Shevchenko A. О. , Nikitina E. A. , Koloskova N. N. , Shevchenko О. P. , Gotje S. V. 
Published: September 2018

Aim.To evaluate the prevalence of arterial hypertension (AH) in heart transplant recipients, and its influence on the risk of adverse events, as the efficacy and safety of antihypertension medications (AHM).Material and methods.To the study, were consequently included all heart transplant recipients operated in the Shumakov Centre during the years 2013 to 2016 and survived 90 days after orthotopic heart transplantation.Results.Totally, 353 recipients included, with AH or AHM intake in anamnesis in 62 (17,6%). Within 90 days post-surgery, AH that demanded for medication therapy was found in 151 (42,8%) patients. In posttransplant AH patients there were the following specific parameters in preoperational period: higher body mass index — 25,7±4,1 vs 24,9±4,4 (р=0,026), blood creatinine concentration — 100,6±62,6 vs 68,8±4,8 (р<0,001), donor heart posterior wall thickness — 11,9±0,8 vs 11,3±0,7 (р=0,034), creatinine concentration in 3 month after operation — 131,7±101,6 vs 94,1±46,5 (p<0,001). There was relation revealed, of AH development risk with anamnesis of AH and renal failure, as a necessity for renal replacement therapy within 30 days post surgery and episodes of acute antibody-mediated reaction on transplant. In the recipients taking angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ACEi/ARB) before operation, the survival rate free from adverse events was better than in those taking calcium channel blockers (CCB) (plog-rank=0,042).Conclusion.The results of the study point on high prevalence of AH in heart recipients. Presence of AH in anamnesis, renal failure, episodes of humoral, but not cellular, reaction to the transplant, and donor heart hypertrophy do significantly increase the probability of AH development after transplantation. Comparison revealed significant benefit of ACEi/ ARB versus CCB as antihypertension medications in either monotherapy or in combination with diuretics.
Nutrition characteristics of adult inhabitants by ESSE-RF study
Authors: Karamnova N. S. , Shalnova S. A. , Deev A. D. , Tarasov V. I. , Balanova Yu. A. , Imaeva А. E. , Muromtseva G. A. , Kapustina A. V. , Evstifeeva S. Е. , Drapkina О. М. 
Published: September 2018

Nutrition, in general, and physical activity do determine the level of health of an individual and population in general.Aim. To evaluate the characteristics of nutrition and food-related behavior in adult population of Russia currently.Material and methods. The study materials were representative selections of non-organized male and female inhabitants of 25-64 y. o. (n=22258, males 8519, females 13698) of 13 regions of Russia РФ. Nutrition characteristics were evaluated by the rate of the main meal types consumption and selected routines of food-related behavior (salt added, animal fats in cooking). Quantitative evaluation was done for: red meat, fish and seafoods, poultry, fresh vegetables and fruits.Results. Every day the raw vegetables and fruits are added to the meals only in 59,7% of citizens, with the mean number of portions — 1,48±0,8. High level of dairy food was noted: 49,7% do consume milk, joghurt, sour milk every day, 40,4% — cheese, 18,9% — quark, 20,6% — sour creme and creme. The meat is added to diet in 42,9% of inhabitants. Recommended level of meat consumption as a healthy nutrition, do follow only 40,2% of participants. Poultry consumption level is at 27,5% — lower than meat. Low rate of fish consumption is found in 34,9%. Preserved with salt and vinegar products are consumed by 10,1% and a third of inhabitants (32,4%) does consume these not rarer than 1-2 times a week. The level of sausages consumption is high — at 22,5%. Almost a half of participants (47,6%) consume pastry and confectionery every day, and 28,0% — 1-2 times weekly. About a quarter, 24,4% do voluntarily decrease the rate of pastry consumption. Behavior of addition of salt to a prepared meal do have 40,5%. It was noted that 72,5% use butter for a “morning sandvich”. High fat dairies consumption is about 74,0%. Only plant oils are in use for cooking in 95,4% of participants.Conclusion. In the nutrition related behavior of adult population of Russia currently there are positive as well as negative components, from the perspective of socially significant diseases development.
Comparison of Pulmonary Artery Catheter and Central Venous Catheter for Early Goal Directed Targeted Therapy in Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock
Authors: ELAY Gülseren , SUNGUR Murat , COŞKUN Ramazan , GÜVEN Muhammed 
Published: September 2018

Objective:There is so much doubt about the pulmonary artery catheterization (PAC) method in early goal-directed therapy (EGDT), because its expensive and invasive procedure.The aim of the study was to compare the effect of the PAC method and the central venous catheterization (CVC) method in EGDT.Materials and Methods:This is a randomized prospective study. Patients with severe sepsis and septic shock within 12 hours of diagnosis were included in the study. Each group received strict protocolized resuscitation for 72 hours.Results:The mean age of the patients was 63.4 ± 14.5 years. The study included 15 males (52%) and 14 females (48%).The length of stay in hospital and the duration of mechanical ventilation (MV) were similar between the two groups. The length of stay in the intensive care unit was shorter (P =0.025)in the CVC group. HMGB1 levels were lower at 72 hours inthe CVC group (P =0.026).In the early resuscitation period, it was found that in the CVC directed therapy group, the urine output and the mean arterial blood pressure were higher but vasoconstrictor need was lower (P &lt;0.05).Conclusions: In the early resuscitation period, CVC directed therapy is more effective and rapid correction of hemodynamic parameters results in shorter ICU stay. PAC is not superior to CVC guided therapy in the late period.
Akut travmatik koksidinili hastalarda manipülasyon ve kas tekniklerinin etkinliği
Authors: ÇAĞLAR OKUR Sibel , VURAL Meltem 
Published: September 2018

Amaç: Koksikse yayılan ağrıya koksidini denilir. Direk aksiyel travma sonrası oluşan subluksasyon, dislokasyon veya hipermobilite nedeni ile ağrı oluşabilir. Ağrı günlük aktiviteleri bozacak kadar rahatsız edici olabilir. Manual terapi ve kas egzersiz teknikleri etkili tedavi metodlarıdır. Biz çalışmamızda akut travmatik koksidinili hastalarımızda manuel tedavi ve kas tekniklerinin etkinliğini araştırdık. Gereç ve Yöntem: 2017-2018 yılları arasında 19 travmatik koksidinili hasta (15 kadın, 4 erkek; ort yaş 37, (27–47)) çalışmaya alındı. Sakrokoksigeal manipülasyon ve levator ani kas egzersiz tekniği tüm hastalara intrarektal olarak uygulandı. Bir aylık izlemde, hastalar numerik ağrı skalası ve memnuniyet düzeylerideğerlendirildi. Bulgular: Oniki hasta tam rahatlama tarif ederken, 5 hasta orta ve 2 hastada ağrılarında rahatlama olmadığını bildirdi. Numerik Analog Skala skorlarında anlamlı düzelme gözlendi.Sonuç: Manuel terapi teknikleri akut travmatik koksidini tedavisinde etkili tedavi metodudur.
Movilidad de doctores colombianos. revisión del estado del arte frente a la internacionalización de la educación superior
Authors: RINCÓN MORENO MAURICIO 
Published: September 2018

La globalización es un fenómeno que trasciende e impacta en diferentes aspectos de la sociedad; en este escenario la movilidad en el ámbito académico toma un papel central en la transformación de la educación superior, en las necesidades de los estudiantes e intereses de las instituciones.
El propósito de este artículo es hacer una revisión de la literatura, investigaciones y perspectivas de la movilidad de doctores. La primera parte presenta un análisis de tipo histórico con relación al fenómeno de estudio, la movilidad. Posteriormente se hace una aproximación teórica a los conceptos básicos, con el fin de hacer precisiones conceptuales que faciliten la comprensión de los diferentes enfoques a través de los cuales se han analizado los procesos de movilidad. La parte final del documento se centra en presentar la perspectiva de la movilidad de los doctores en Latinoamérica, para posteriormente analizar el caso colombiano, tanto lo que tiene que ver con movilidad como lo relativo a la producción académica y la visibilidad de estos trabajos.
Producción contable en universidades afiliadas a la asociación latinoamericana de facultades y escuelas de contaduría y administración (ALAFEC)
Authors: Ayala Serrano Juan Carlos 
Published: September 2018

En el desarrollo de la investigación contable en América Latina es importante reconocer la producción escrita que realizan las universidades afiliadas a la Asociación Latinoamericana de Facultades y Escuelas de Contaduría y Administración (ALAFEC) desde sus revistas de investigación, de manera que pueda revisarse, en un primer momento, algunos aspectos asociados a la productividad desde parámetros de análisis bibliométrico para luego llegar a analizar la tendencia de dichos artículos frente al control, gestión o gobernabilidad. De allí que el presente trabajo busca iniciar dicho análisis desde los artículos escritos en Argentina, Chile y México, donde a partir de los datos presentados puedan evidenciarse los esfuerzos que algunas instituciones hacen para fortalecer la producción contable de manera que lleguen a ser referentes de análisis contables para la región y la Asociación.
Emprendimiento femenino y ruralidad en boyacá, colombia
Authors: Acosta González Beicy Viviana , Zambrano Vargas Sandra Milena , Suárez Pineda Marlén 
Published: September 2018

En Colombia el emprendimiento ha cobrado importancia por la creciente demanda de independencia y estabilidad económica de las personas; en la economía rural la mujer ha sido agente de progreso y de cambio, y las condiciones de desigualdad vienen despertando intereses investigativos; el objetivo principal del presente documento es efectuar un análisis de los niveles de emprendimiento, caracterización y factores que influyen en las mujeres del sector rural de dos municipios del departamento de Boyacá, permitiendo describir así la situación actual de la mujer emprendedora; las evidencias indican que se requiere formular estrategias y políticas hacia la formación para el emprendimiento de la mujer y su familia; por esta vía es posible disminuir la discriminación que ellas perciben de la sociedad y del Estado.
Substance abuse disorder: a cross-sectional study assessing status in rural economically productive population of field practice area of tertiary care hospital in central India
Authors: Arjaria Vibha , Trivedi Sushrut , Purohit Saurabh 
Published: September 2018

Background: The epidemic of substance abuse in young generation has assumed alarming dimensions in India. Changing cultural values, increasing economic stress and dwindling supportive bonds are leading to initiation into substance use. Cannabis, heroin, and Indian-produced pharmaceutical drugs are the most frequently abused drugs in India. Economically productive age group is (15-59 yrs) is a vulnerable group for usage of substance abuse leading to an interest of researcher for conducting the study. Present study aims preliminarily on the prevalence of usage of alcohol and other substances of abuse locally available like cannabis and its products, morphine and its products and pharmaceutical drugs of abuse without prescription in rural India. Secondly study aims to estimate the association of substance abuse disorder with various socio-demographic variables.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 430 participants residing in six selected villages of rural field practice area of native tertiary care hospital. Statistical Analysis: Statistical methods which applied are: percentage and proportion, mean and standard deviation, chi-square test.Results: Present study showed almost 11.4% participants had high possibility of getting diagnosed with substance abuse disorder while an association found with age, marital status, gender and occupation of participants.Conclusions: The present study revealed that more than 10% study participants(11.4%) of had the probability of suffering from some kind of substance abuse disorder indicating it’s a public health problem in rural India. Study results opens a door toward less discussed rural population in contexts of substance abuse.