bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Embrace of the Proabortion Turnaway Study
Authors: Reardon David C. 
Published: September 2018

The abortion advocacy group Advancing New Standards in Reproductive Health (ANSIRH) has published over twenty papers based on a case series of women taking part in their Turnaway Study. Following the lead of ANSIRH news releases, major media outlets have described these results as proof that (a) most women who have abortions are glad they did, (b) there is no evidence of negative mental health effects following abortion, and (c) the only women really suffering are those who are being denied late-term abortions due to legal restrictions based on gestational age. Buried in ANSIRH’s papers are the facts that over 68 percent of the women they sought to interview refused, their own evidence confirms that the remnant who did participate were atypical, there are no known benefits from abortion, their methods are misleadingly described, and their results are selectively reported. Summary: Widely publicized claims regarding the benefits of abortion for women have been discredited. The Turnaway Study, conducted by abortion advocates at thirty abortion clinics, reportedly proves that 95 percent of women have no regrets about their abortions and that abortion causes no mental health problems. But a new exposé reveals that the authors have misled the public, using an unrepresentative, highly biased sample and misleading questions. In fact, over two-thirds of the women approached at the abortion clinics refused to be interviewed, and half of those who agreed dropped out. Refusers and dropouts are known to have more postabortion problems.
Treatment of an Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: Condic Maureen L. , Harrison Donna 
Published: September 2018

There is considerable lack of clarity on the medical facts surrounding management of ectopic pregnancy. In particular, it is not widely appreciated that by the time an ectopic pregnancy is diagnosed, in most cases, there is no viable fetus (i.e., the fetus has already died). Moreover, there is very little ethical guidance from the medical profession regarding the emotionally difficult decision to terminate a wanted pregnancy when the life of the mother is at risk. The best articulated positions on this topic come from religious groups, based on the principle of double effect. Yet the application of this reasoning to termination of an ectopic pregnancy is inconsistent with the medical facts in many cases. To resolve these inconsistencies, while still providing a robust ethical context for resolving such difficult situations, we propose clear guidelines for determining when a viable fetus is present in ectopic pregnancy and clarify the moral object in ectopic pregnancy management. Summary: This paper explores the ethical framework for clinical decision making in the case of ectopic pregnancies. Focusing on the disordered union of mother and unborn child clarifies the object and purpose of the actions used to separate the mother and fetus in order to save the life of both, or at least one. Since over 90% of tubal ectopic pregnancies present as embryos who have already died, these cases present no ethical dilemma. This paper proposes a modification of currently used criteria for determining the viability of ectopic pregnancies and calls for further research.
Association of IL10 gene promoter polymorphisms with risks of gastric cancer and atrophic gastritis
Authors: Liu Sa , Liu Jing-Wei , Sun Li-Ping , Gong Yue-Hua , Xu Qian , Jing Jing-Jing , Yuan Yuan 
Published: September 2018

Objective To investigate the association between polymorphisms of the interleukin 10 ( IL10) gene and risk of gastric cancer (GC) and atrophic gastritis (AG). Methods This study enrolled patients with GC, patients with AG and healthy control subjects. Demographic data were collected and the IL10 gene –1082A/G, –819C/T and –592A/C polymorphisms were genotyped. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to detect Helicobacter pylori infection. Results The study enrolled 556 participants including 208 in the GC group, 116 in the AG group and 232 controls (CON group). In a recessive model of the IL10–819C/T polymorphism, a significantly decreased risk of GC was found compared with AG and non-cancer subjects, respectively (AG→GC: odds ratio OR 0.41; non-cancer→GC: OR 0.57). The CC genotype demonstrated a significantly increased risk of AG compared with CON. Similar significant results were detected in males and H. pylori-negative subgroups. The ACC haplotype was associated with a decreased risk of GC compared with AG. The ATC haplotype was associated with a decreased risk of AG compared with the CON group, but it was associated with an increased risk of GC compared with AG. Conclusion The IL10 gene promoter –819C/T (rs1800871) polymorphism was associated with the risk of GC and AG in a Chinese population.
Machines and Plant for Tube and Profile Production
Authors: Pohl T. , Podzelny F. 
Published: September 2018

The continuous production of endless rubber products is a broad and versatile field of application. Profile geometry, choice and composition of compound ingredients as well as process control need to be developed and matched to the application. When it comes to selecting the plant components, various alternatives and concepts are available. For that reason the plant configuration is determined in close cooperation between the plant supplier and product manufacturer. This paper describes the decision-making process in relation to building an extrusion line.
The Why, What and Wherefore of Antimicrobial Systems
Authors: Simmons Julie 
Published: September 2018

Increasing consumer awareness of the risks posed by bacteria, together with evidence that bacteria can survive and multiply on many surfaces has led to growing interest in the use of antimicrobial systems in a wide range of products including plastic items. Antimicrobial systems can be added to a wide range of plastics, inhibiting the growth of micro-organisms on the surface and thus helping to reduce odours, unsightly growth and the risk of cross contamination. The aim of this presentation is to provide an overview of antimicrobial systems and their use in plastics. The types of systems available are discussed, together with the methods used to assess antimicrobial efficacy. A variety of actual results, from different applications and polymers, are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the systems and the type of information gained from antimicrobial test methods. Finally the current and future potential of antimicrobial systems is discussed.
A Novel Additive Concept for the Stabilization of ABS
Authors: Wegmann Alex 
Published: September 2018

The grafted rubber phase of emulsion ABS has to be stabilised very efficiently against oxidation by hindered phenols, alone or in combination with secondary antioxidants (e.g. phosphites or thioethers), especially during the drying process. Traditionally, solid products with high melting points were used, but they are not easy to bring into an aqueous formulation. A new liquid antioxidant, besides giving excellent thermal stability to the ABS graft phase, can be dosed with a low margin of error and easily emulsified. Such an emulsion shows very good storage stability, and mixes well with the aqueous ABS latex. The liquid supply form brings evident handling advantages, and the product has a very good toxicological profile, as well as broad food contact approvals in styrenic copolymers. To reduce the initial colour of ABS after processing (extrusion, moulding), new synergistic process stabilisers, based on lactone chemistry, have been developed. These new stabilization concepts for ABS graft phase, and ABS compounds help to improve their technical performance significantly. Presented at the 2nd International Conference on Polymer Modification, Degradation and Stabilization, 30 June - 4 July, 2002, Budapest, Hungary, and at the ADDCON World 2002 Conference, 22-23 October 2002, Budapest, Hungary.
Phenolic Resins (II) – Influence of the Chemical Structure of High Molecular Weight Molecules on the Mechanisms of Cross-linking and on the Final Structure of the Resins
Authors: Bouajila J. , Raffin G. , Waton H. , Sanglar C. , Païsse J.O. , Grenier-Loustalot M.F. 
Published: September 2018

The physicochemical characterization of the structures of the oligomers (n < 4) in resols has been carried out by fragmenting monomers in LC/UV/MS and LC/UV/MS/MS. Fragmentation mechanisms are related to the numbers and positions of substituents on the aromatic ring and to the types of oligomer junctions. It was more difficult to determine the structures of phenol hemiacetals and dimer hemiacetals because of the large number of position isomers. The resols were prepared with differing molar ratios R = Formaldehyde/Phenol and catalysts. They were cross-linked using two industrially recommended heat cycles. The progression of resin cross-linking was determined by solid state 13C NMR (CP/MAS). The residual percentage of monomers and oligomers at n < 4 was determined in leachates (water and methanol) and characterized by LC/UV/MS. The results for cross-linking advancement were correlated with the various synthesis parameters (ratio R, type of catalyst and heat cycle).
Phenolic resins (III) - Solid State Structures and Thermal Properties of Cross-linked Phenolic Resins
Authors: Bouajila J. , Raffin G. , Waton H. , Sanglar C. , Alamercery S. , Grenier-Loustalot M. F. 
Published: September 2018

Non-destructive, solid state physicochemical techniques were used to analyze the structure of phenolic resins prepared with precise syntheses and thermal parameters. The results obtained with solid state 13C NMR (CP/MAS) and FTIR were analyzed and related to the thermal characteristics of the networks (DSC and TGA/FTIR). The data were correlated with parameters and conditions of syntheses of resols and of the initial prepolymers.
Heat-Resistant Organic Matrices Quo Vadis? (Review)
Authors: Romdhane H. Ben , Sillion B. , Grenier-Loustalot M.F. 
Published: September 2018

The introduction is a brief review of the characteristics desired for heat-resistant composite matrices, and the two possible approaches based on linear polymers and telechelic oligomers that can be cross-linked during use. Special attention is paid to cross-linkable oligomers, whose use currently poses fewer problems. The different structures in question, i.e. bismaleimides, bismaleimides (modified by cyanates or epoxies), bisnadimides, acetylene and propargylic compounds, are discussed in terms of chemistry (stability of oligomers, mode of polymerization, aging) and mechanical properties (ductility). Several solutions little used at the present time (semi-interpenetrated networks, molecular composites, polymerizable molecular assemblies, hyper branched oligomers and liquid crystal monomers, etc.) are discussed in terms of the future. There may be technical solutions for use up to 300°C, but industrial development is far from being resolved because of, among other things, the small market for these products.
Evaluation of the Mechanical and Ultrasonic Properties of Butadiene-Acrylonitrile Rubber Containing Short Aramid Fibres
Authors: Helaly F.M. , El-Sabbagh S.H. , El-latif L. Abd. 
Published: September 2018

Short aramid fibres were incorporated into butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer rubber (NBR). An adhesion system (hydrated silica, resorcinol and hexamethylene tetramine) (HRH) was used to strengthen the bond between the rubber and the fibres. The rheological, tensile, ultrasonic properties and the hardness were determined by standard test methods. The properties of the composites improved as the fibre content increased up to 30 phr by weight. Longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic velocities were used to calculate the elastic parameters of the composites. Ultrasonic results were then used to assess the bonding between the fibres and the rubber matrix as well as the sound absorptive potential of the composites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated that the fibre distribution in the rubber was satisfactory. Regression analysis was used to clarify the correlation between the longitudinal tensile strength and ageing time. The strain energy increased with fibre content while the fatigue life decreased.
Effect of Epoxy Resin on the Mechanical Properties and Melt Viscoelastic Behaviour of Poly(butylene terephthalate)/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites
Authors: Wu Defeng , Zhou Chixing , Fan Xie , Mao Dalian , Bian Zhang 
Published: September 2018

Poly(butylene terephthalate)/epoxy/montmorillonite ternary nanocomposites (PCNs) were prepared by melt intercalation. Their morphologies were investigated using XRD and TEM. The results reveal that with epoxy resin as a compatibilizer, the clay is easily intercalated and disperses well in the matrix. Therefore, the PCNs exhibited better tensile and impact properties than neat PBT, although any surplus epoxy dispersed in the PBT matrix reduces the material performance. The melt viscoelastic behaviour of the PCNs was measured by means of a parallel plate rheometer. The PCN ternary hybrids showed a stronger solid-like response in the lower frequencies than samples without epoxy, for two reasons: the enhancement of percolation network density, and the bridge-like effect of the epoxy linking the clay and the polymer chains. The compatibilizer content influenced the morphology and performance of the nanocomposites. The optimum compatibilizer dosage of 4 wt% was decided by a novel 'crossover point' rheological method.
Preparation and Characterization of Ni2+-Montmorillonite/Polyvinyl Alcohol Water-Soluble Nanocomposite Film
Authors: Wang Li-Ping , Wang Yun-Pu , Zhang Fa-Ai 
Published: September 2018

A new type of nano-composite film was prepared from polyvinyl alcohol, Ni2+-montmorillonite (Ni2+-MMT), defoamer, a levelling agent and a plasticizer. Its thermal characteristics were studied by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The intermolecular interactions were measured by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (%E) were measured. The microstructures were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). FT-IR and XPS spectra indicated that cross-linking has taken place between PVA and Ni2+-MMT. XRD and AFM indicate that the PVA molecules had inserted themselves into the silicate layers of MMT, exfoliating them and dispersing them randomly into the PVA matrix. Compared to pure PVA film, the TS of the films was increased and %E decreased when the Ni2+-Montmorillonite was added and the dissolution temperature of the film was also reduced.
Melt Densification of Polymeric Powder Beds Filled with Natural Fibres
Authors: Torres F.G. , Carrillo M. , Cubillas M.L. 
Published: September 2018

An experimental study of the melt densification of polyethylene powders filled with natural fibres is presented. The aim was to understand the underlying principles applicable to the consolidation of thermoplastic polymer-natural fibre systems processed by rotational moulding. This process has been developed at POLYCOM and has been reported previously in the literature. A sintering oven with PID-controlled temperature was equipped with a stereo microscope and image acquisition facilities. Sintering sequences were studied using image analysis procedures. Initial studies with two kinds of polymer particle and one type of fibre were carried out in order to identify some of the governing processes. Other studies included the use of multi-particle beds with many fibres having different concentrations, and the measurement of powder permeability and density. The influence of sintering temperature and time on the sintered specimens' density is also reported. Natural fibres induce voids in the sintered specimens and retard coalescence between the polymer particles. The experimental results were in good agreement with previous data obtained from the rotational and compression moulding of natural fibre reinforced thermoplastics.
Antioxidant Properties of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes: First Measurements Using a Model Oxidative Reaction
Authors: Zeynalov Eldar B. , Friedrich Joerg F. 
Published: September 2018

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have electron affinities similar to those of fullerenes and they are therefore capable of acting as radical traps in free radical chain reactions, including polymerisation and the thermo-oxidative degradation of polymers. It is proposed that the CNTs used as integral part of polymer composites are able to interrupt chain propagation, leading to an antioxidant effect in these materials. This is because of their radical accepting capacity. To support this postulate, the antioxidative activity of commercial carbon nanotubes (denoted by CNT-MW(1b)) has been studied by means of a model reaction, namely the oxidation of cumene initiated (2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile, AIBN) in the liquid phase. This reaction was designed to simulate the thermo-oxidative processes in carbon-chain polymers and it allows for the comparison and transfer of results to a polymer system. Measurements of oxidation rates showed that the inhibition of the model oxidative reaction in the presence of the original CNT-MW (1b) is very weak over the concentrations range up to 0.05 wt.%. Increasing the CNT-MW (1b) concentration above 0.05 wt. % facilitates catalytical action of the metal (Co) originally contained in the commercial CNT-MW (1b). In general, the rate of oxidation Wo2 depends on two competing reaction rates. These are the rate of inhibition Winh.(CNT) caused by the structure of the CNT and the rate of initiation Wi(Co) due to the interaction ROOH + M (Co) i.e. Wo2 ~ W inh (CNT) + Wi(Co). Nevertheless, experimental explorations under the condition Winh (CNT) >> Wi(Co) allow us to assess the inhibiting parameters of the CNT- MW. The effective rate constant for the addition of cumyl R· radicals to CNT-MW (1b) was determined to be k [CNT](333–353 K) = (4.0 ± 2.0)·103 s−1. This is an order of magnitude smaller than the constant for their addition to fullerene C60. The model kinetic data obtained specify the limits of rational use of the carbon nanotubes in polymer composites.
The Preparation and Characterisation of a Novel Siloxane Biomaterial
Authors: Cao Shunsheng , Deng Xiaobo , Liu Bailing , Luo Rong , Chen Hualing 
Published: September 2018

It is well known that polysiloxane interacts strongly with proteins and has been shown to adsorb significant quantities of protein due to its strong hydrophobicity, which often promotes conformational and orientational changes in the adsorbed proteins so as to decrease their biocompatibility. Therefore, the control of protein adsorption to biomaterials and the preparation of suitable siloxane biomaterials become necessary and significant for the actual application. In this paper, a novel siloxane biomaterial (siloxane microspheres) was prepared by dispersion polymerization under kinetically controlled conditions. And then, the siloxane biomaterial was characterized by particle size analyser, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and static contact angle. The siloxane microspheres were used as the matrix, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the template protein, the adsorption has been investigated. The study shows that the amount of protein adsorption (BSA) is higher in the prescence of siloxane monomer than than in its absence, and the effects become more evident with the increase in the contents of siloxane monomer. This indicates that its hydrophobicity of siloxane microspheres can be shepherded through the amount of siloxane monomer added.
Optimisation of Precision Injection Moulding Processing Parameters and Implementation of Quality Prediction System for LCD Light Guide Plate
Authors: Kuo Chung-Feng Jeffrey , Su Te-Li 
Published: September 2018

The quality of the light guide plate determines the luminance uniformity of liquid crystal display panels. Only through proper control of the injection moulding processing parameters for the light guide plate can make the precision of the light guide plate's dimensions to be improved, thus enhancing the light guide plate's optical properties. The objective of this research was first to discover the optimal combination for the light guide plate's injection moulding processing parameters. The Taguchi method was used to conduct the parameter design and select the control factors within the processing parameters that affect light guide plate quality. A confirmation experiment with a 95% confidence interval was then adopted to verify the reproducibility. At the same time, a back propagation neural network was applied to set up a quality prediction system for the light guide plate moulding. Its input layer had eight neurons, representing eight control factors. The hidden layer had five neurons. The output layer had one neuron, which was the signal-to-noise ratio of the light guide plate's luminance uniformity. By comparing the neural network's predicted values with the confirmation experiment's actual values, the system's ability to make accurate predictions could be verified.
Characterisation and Quantification of Lubricants in a Cross-Linkable Varnish by Fourier Transform Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry
Authors: Claire Menard , Serge Alamercery , Guy Raffin , Sylvie Mac Cormack , Olivier Neel , Marie-Florence Grenier Loustalot 
Published: September 2018

The lids of beverage cans are coated with varnish before stamping. In light of the considerable stress undergone by the metal during stamping, the coefficient of friction of the cross-linked coating must be optimised. To this end, the compounder can add lubricants to the varnish matrix. After heat treatment of the varnish, they contribute to the success of the stamping process. The present work describes the use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry to characterise these mixtures of lubricants and to assay them in situ in the varnish.
Sol-Gel Synthesis and Characterisation of Nano-sized Hydroxyapatite Powders and Hydroxyapatite/ Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) Composite Scaffolds
Authors: Gu Shuying , Zhan Hui , Ren Jie , Zhou Xinyu 
Published: September 2018

Nano-sized hydroxyapatite (NHA) powders were prepared from calcium nitrate Ca(NO3)2•4H2O and phosphorus pentoxide using a sol–gel approach. The effects of processing parameters on the composition granularity, and morphologies of hydroxyapatite powders were investigated by thermo-gravimetry/differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction Fourier Transform-infrared spectroscopy, laser particle analysis and transmission electron microscopy. High purity HA powders with particle size of 30–100 nm were obtained by calcining HA gel at 600 °C. The granularity had a narrow distribution and the particles were dispersed well at 600 °C. Hydroxyapatite/poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (NHA/PLGA) composite scaffolds were prepared by thermally induced phase separation. The compressive strength and water absorption of the scaffolds were investigated. Their mechanical strength increased significantly with the addition of NHA. The composites with 25 wt.% of NHA exhibited good mechanical properties with an average compressive strength of 2.53 MPa. The hydrophilicity increased with the addition of NHA too. NHA/PLGA scaffolds could be a candidate for tissue engineering.