bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Editorial: STAT‐4 polymorphism ‐ a tool to personalise clinical practice in chronic HBV infection. Authors’ reply
Authors: El Sharkawy Rasha , George Jacob , Eslam Mohammed 
Published: September 2018

Linked ContentThis article is linked to El Sharkawy et al and Bonacci and Lens papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14866 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14924.
Mobility, museums and awkward unsettling
Authors: Wright Paul 
Published: September 2018

From 1972 British Rail's “Advanced Passenger Train Experimental” (APT‐E) tested a combination of innovations that promised a tantalising and proficient mobility on the UK's Victorian‐era railway network. The project's failure and eventual cancellation in 1985 has made the preservation and display of APT‐E awkward. APT‐E's revolutionary mobility sits awkwardly with its present (immobile) material state as a museum artefact, as does the context of derision and disappointment surrounding its cancellation. By experiencing APT‐E in situ and interviewing the conservation team, this paper forms an initial exploration of the ideas and tactics used by those who preserve and display awkward and rejected mobilities in a way that rehabilitates their potential and their temporal indeterminacy.
Does feeding frequency during lactation affect sows' body condition, reproduction and production performance?
Authors: Poulopoulou Ioanna , Eggemann Anne , Moors Eva , Lambertz Christian , Gauly Matthias 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe present study investigated whether a three‐times compared to two‐times feeding frequency during lactation affects sows' body condition, reproductive performance as well as growth performance of the piglets . In a commercial farm, eight groups (8–10 animals) with a total number of 68 sows were included in the study. During lactation, four groups received feed two times (treatment 2DF) and four groups three times daily (treatment 3DF). Within treatments, sows were classified into young (<2 parities) and old (≥3 parities). Body condition score (BCS), shoulder lesions, return to estrus rate and piglet's growth performance were recorded. The 3DF sows had a higher (p < 0.05) feed intake and less shoulder lesions (p < 0.05) than 2DF animals. Return to estrus rate in the 3DF treatment was 0% for young and 29% for old sows. In the 2DF treatment return to estrus rate was 20% for young and 5% for old sows. In conclusion, three‐times versus two‐times daily feeding frequency during lactation increased feed intake and had a positive effect on sows’ BCS and the frequency of shoulder lesions, while it also reduced incidents of return to estrus rate in young sows.
Use of Derivatives and Analysts’ Forecasts: New Evidence from Non‐financial Brazilian Companies
Authors: Antônio Rafael Moreira , Lima Fabiano Guasti , dos Santos Rogiene Batista , Rathke Alex Augusto Timm 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis study investigates whether market analysts’ forecasts are influenced by the presence of derivative financial instruments in listed firms. From a sample of firms comprising 1173 derivative users and 7797 non‐users for the 2006–14 period, the results indicate the existence of less error behaviour (bias) on earnings per share forecasts for derivative user firms compared to non‐user firms. This finding suggests that these instruments may be used to protect businesses and provide greater stability in the results of companies that use them. The presence of derivative financial instruments is increasing among listed firms, and management can use them for hedging or speculation (thus mitigating or increasing risk). The literature contains few studies on this issue, and the general understanding relies on the assumption that derivative financial instruments provide relevant information for decision making.
Development of the coelomic cavities in larvae of the living isocrinid sea lily Metacrinus rotundus
Authors: Amemiya Shonan , Hibino Taku , Minokawa Takuya , Naruse Kiyoshi , Kamei Yasuhiro , Uemura Isao , Kiyomoto Masato , Hisanaga Shin‐ichi , Kuraishi Ritsu 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCoelomogenesis in the isocrinid sea lily, Metacrinus rotundus, is described through the swimming larval stages. After the late gastrula stage, the archenteron separates from the ectoderm to form an archenteral sac, which develops into a dumbbell shape consisting of anterior and posterior lobes, and a middle part connecting both lobes. The anterior and posterior lobes, and the middle part, become separated into an axo‐hydrocoel, the left and right somatocoels and an enteric sac, respectively. The hydrocoel forms from the left lower edge of the axo‐hydrocoel and becomes separated from the axocoel by the late dipleurula stage, when chambered organs and coelom X bud off from the anterior tip of the right and left somatocoels, respectively. Coelom X does not occur in comatulid crinoids (feather stars), and its fate is unclear. The pore canal extends from the axocoel. The hydrocoel differentiates into a crescent shape at the overtime semidoliolaria stage, a few days after the semidoliolaria becomes competent to settle. Coelomogenesis in M. rotundus is much simpler than in the comatulids and probably represents the ancestral mode of the crinoids. As each portion of the dumbbell sac differentiates almost in situ into each coelom, presumptive fates in the sac are easily followed in M. rotundus.
Learn‐CIAN: A visual language for the modelling of group learning processes
Authors: Molina Ana I. , Arroyo Yoel , Lacave Carmen , Redondo Miguel A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe incorporation of advanced information and communication technologies into the field of education has made the design and deployment of courses and instructional units more and more complicated. In order to support such complex task, methods and techniques have been proposed in the last years for the standardization, formalization and modelling of learning scenarios. Thus, several Visual Instructional Design Languages (VIDL) have been developed, with few of them giving an adequate and complete support for group learning processes. In this paper, we outline a domain‐specific language (DSL) for the modelling of collaborative learning scenarios. This DSL is called Learn‐CIAN. This notation has been validated by a sample of the students of Computer Science and Education degrees such that we could obtain a first view about the understandability and acceptance of this language from potential final users.
The polarizing effects of group discussion in a negative normative context: Integrating societal‐, group‐, and individual‐level factors
Authors: Koudenburg Namkje , Greijdanus Hedy , Scheepers Daan 
Published: September 2018

In this research, we investigate how a negative (or hostile) norm regarding minorities at the societal level can fuel polarization between majority subgroups at the local level. We hypothesize that rapid social change in the form of polarization results from the interplay between small group processes and perceptions of society at large. By employing a novel analytic approach that uses variances to capture non‐linear societal change, we were able to study polarization processes. In three studies among high school and university students (N = 347), we manipulated the majority norm about a minority category (positive vs. negative). Subsequently, participants read about a minority member's ambiguous behaviour and evaluated this target. All studies used a similar paradigm, but they varied in whether or not participants discussed the ambiguous behaviour within local groups. Results showed that the majority norm at the societal level affected perceptions of the minority member's behaviour when people discussed this behaviour in a local majority group but not when they reflected on it individually. Specifically, group discussions led to polarization between local groups within a broader social category, but only in the context of a negative majority norm. This effect was predicted by the a priori perception of the local group norm. Results are discussed in terms of the integration of society‐ and group‐level processes when studying the development of intergroup attitudes and practical implications for the coarsening climate of the societal debate about current societal issues.
ON THE USE OF FIRM FIXED EFFECTS AS A PRODUCTIVITY MEASURE FOR ANALYZING LABOR MARKET MATCHING
Authors: Ehrl Philipp 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTThe present note evaluates the performance of firm fixed effects as a productivity measure when identified from wage regressions with two‐way fixed effects in matched employer‐employee data. This setting is frequently applied to study the matching between workers and firms. Exploiting wage and production data from a large administrative German data set, I find that the correlation between firm fixed effects (FFE) and total factor productivity is close to zero. Once TFP is used, the matching pattern is positive assortative, whereas the two‐way fixed effect technique yields the opposite result.
Context dependency of animal resource subsidies
Authors: Subalusky Amanda L. , Post David M. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTThe transport of resource subsidies by animals has been documented across a range of species and ecosystems. Although many of these studies have shown that animal resource subsidies can have significant effects on nutrient cycling, ecosystem productivity, and food‐web structure, there is a great deal of variability in the occurrence and strength of these effects. Here we propose a conceptual framework for understanding the context dependency of animal resource subsidies, and for developing and testing predictions about the effects of animal subsidies over space and time. We propose a general framework, in which abiotic characteristics and animal vector characteristics from the donor ecosystem interact to determine the quantity, quality, timing, and duration (QQTD) of an animal input. The animal input is translated through the lens of recipient ecosystem characteristics, which include both abiotic and consumer characteristics, to yield the QQTD of the subsidy. The translated subsidy influences recipient ecosystem dynamics through effects on both trophic structure and ecosystem function, which may both influence the recipient ecosystem's response to further inputs and feed back to influence the donor ecosystem. We present a review of research on animal resource subsidies across ecosystem boundaries, placed within the context of this framework, and we discuss how the QQTD of resource subsidies can influence trophic structure and ecosystem function in recipient ecosystems. We explore the importance of understanding context dependency of animal resource subsidies in increasingly altered ecosystems, in which the characteristics of both animal vectors and donor and recipient ecosystems may be changing rapidly. Finally, we make recommendations for future research on animal resource subsidies, and resource subsidies in general, that will increase our understanding and predictive capacity about their ecosystem effects.
UGT1A1 polymorphisms in rectal cancer associated with the efficacy and toxicity of preoperative chemoradiotherapy using irinotecan
Authors: Kimura Kei , Yamano Tomoki , Igeta Masataka , Imada Ayako , Jihyung Song , Babaya Akihito , Hamanaka Michiko , Kobayashi Masayoshi , Tsukamoto Kiyoshi , Noda Masafumi , Ikeda Masataka , Tomita Naohiro 
Published: September 2018

The purpose of the present study was to assess the efficacy and toxicity of preoperative chemoradiotherapy using irinotecan against locally advanced lower rectal cancer according to UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) polymorphisms. Between 2009 and 2016, 46 patients with resectable rectal cancer (T3‐T4, N0‐N2, M0) received preoperative chemoradiotherapy consisting of 80 mg/m2 per day tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil (S‐1; days 1‐5, 8‐12, 22‐26, and 29‐33), 60 mg/m2 per day irinotecan (days 1, 8, 22, and 29), and 45 Gy radiation (1.8 Gy/day, 5 days per week for 5 weeks). Six to eight weeks after completing chemoradiotherapy, total mesorectal excision was carried out. Patients with UGT1A1 polymorphisms were divided into WT (n = 26), heterozygous (n = 15), and homozygous (n = 5) groups, the latter including double heterozygosities. We evaluated associations between clinical characteristics, including UGT1A1 polymorphisms, and chemoradiotherapy efficacy and toxicity. Incidence rates of grade 3+ neutropenia and diarrhea were 17.0% and 30.4%, respectively. Relative dose intensity was 89.3%. Pathological complete response rate (grade 3) was 26.1%, and the good response (grade 2/3) rate was 84.8%. UGT1A1 polymorphisms were significantly associated with neutropenia and pathological good responses, but not with diarrhea. UGT1A1 polymorphism was the only predictive factor for pathological good responses. Our results indicate that UGT1A1 polymorphism is a predictive factor to determine the clinical efficacy of preoperative chemoradiotherapy and hematological toxicity induced by chemoradiotherapy using irinotecan in locally advanced rectal cancer patients.
Neuroinflammation in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Saito Takashi , Saido Takaomi C. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of neurocognitive disorder. Although both amyloid β peptide deposition and neurofibrillary tangle formation in the AD brain have been established as pathological hallmarks of the disease, many other factors contribute in a complex manner to the pathogenesis of AD before clinical symptoms of the disease become apparent. Longitudinal pathophysiological processes cause patients’ brains to exist in a state of chronic neuroinflammation, with glial cells acting as key regulators of the neuroinflammatory state. However, the detailed molecular and cellular mechanisms of glial function underlying AD pathogenesis remain elusive. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that peripheral inflammatory conditions affect glial cells in the brain through a process of neuroimmune communication. Such disease complexities make it difficult for the pathogenesis of AD to be understood, and impede the development of effective therapeutic strategies to combat the disease. Relevant AD animal models are thus likely to serve as a key resource to overcome many of these issues. Furthermore, as the pathogenesis of AD might be linked to conditions both within the brain as well as peripherally, it might become necessary for AD to be studied as a whole‐body disorder. The present review aimed to summarize insights regarding current AD research, and share perspectives for understanding glial function in the context of the pathogenesis of AD.
Cardiovascular disease prevalence and risk factor prevalence in Type 2 diabetes: a contemporary analysis
Authors: McGurnaghan S. , Blackbourn L. A. K. , Mocevic E. , Haagen Panton U. , McCrimmon R. J. , Sattar N. , Wild S. , Colhoun H. M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimsTo describe the prevalence of major cardiovascular disease (CVD) and risk factor control in a contemporary population with Type 2 diabetes.MethodsWe used data from the national registry in Scotland, Scottish Care Information‐Diabetes, linked to hospital admissions. Using descriptive statistics and logistic regression we described associations of risk factors with CVD. CVD was defined based on diagnostic codes in primary or secondary care data for ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease peripheral arterial disease, heart failure, cardiac arrhythmia, hypertensive heart disease and revascularization procedures.ResultsAmong 248 400 people with Type 2 diabetes with a median age of 67.5 years (IQR 58.2, 76.1) and median diabetes duration of 7.8 years (3.8, 13.0), 32% had prior CVD (35% of men, 29% of women). Median HbA1c overall was 55 mmol/mol (7.2%), median SBP was 132 mmHg, median total cholesterol was 4.1 mmol/l and mean BMI was 32 kg/m2. Overall two‐thirds (65% of men, 68% of women) have two or more of the following CVD risk factor thresholds: HbA1c ≥ 53 mmol/mol (7%), SBP > 130 mmHg or DBP > 80 mmHg, total cholesterol ≥ 5 mmol/l or BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, or were currently smoking. Overall 84% were taking anti‐hypertensives and 75% a statin. Use of metformin was common at 58%, but other diabetes drugs that reduce CVD were rarely used.ConclusionsThere continues to be a high prevalence of CVD among people with Type 2 diabetes and a high level of unmet need for risk factor control. This implies substantial scope for reducing the excess risk of CVD in diabetes through improved management of known risk factors.
New alternate hosts for Cronartium spp.: Odontites, Euphrasia, Rhinanthus and Papaver
Authors: Kaitera Juha , Kauppila Tuomas , Hantula Jarkko 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSusceptibility of 13 plant species to Scots pine blister rust, Cronartium flaccidum, or white‐pine blister rust, Cronartium ribicola, was tested in Finland. The test species belonged to 10 genera in eight plant families, and they were inoculated in the laboratory or in the glasshouse. After 8 weeks of incubation, C. flaccidum sporulated on five species and provenances in the glasshouse and six species in the laboratory. After similar incubation, C. ribicola sporulated on one species in the glasshouse and two species in the laboratory. Cronartium ribicola formed uredinia and telia on Euphrasia nemorosa in the glasshouse and uredinia on E. nemorosa and Ribes nigrum in the laboratory. Cronartium flaccidum produced uredinia and telia on Odontites verna (two provenances), E. nemorosa and Euphrasia stricta both in the glasshouse and in the laboratory, on Papaver rhoeas in the glasshouse, and on Rhinanthus serotinus, Impatiens parviflora and Paeonia lactiflora in the laboratory. Rhinanthus serotinus, O. verna, I. parviflora and P. rhoeas are new alternate hosts for C. flaccidum, and for the first time, species of Odontites and Papaver were confirmed by molecular methods as alternate hosts for the rust. Cronartium ribicola was reported to sporulate on E. nemorosa for the first time. In conclusion, hemiparasitic genera of the family Orobanchaceae contain several forest species that are susceptible to C. flaccidum, although single highly resistant species also occur in these genera. Similarly, several genera of Orobanchaceae contain single species that are susceptible to C. ribicola, although most of the species in this family are highly resistant to the rust. In a severely damaged Scots pine stand in northern Finland, C. flaccidum was found to sporulate commonly on Melampyrum sylvaticum and E. stricta, and rarely on Rhinanthus minor. This is the first report of natural sporulation of C. flaccidum on Rhinanthus in its natural habitat.
Discerning the Signs of the Times
Authors: Nausner Michael 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis article offers a close reading of the six reports from the 4th Assembly of the WCC in Uppsala 1968. The assembly was keenly in tune with the worldwide upheavals of the year. It indeed sought to discern the signs of the time and produced a number of creative suggestions, for example by emphasizing the aspect of inclusiveness in catholicity, by stressing the multilateral dimension of mission, and not least by highlighting the churches' inherent responsibility to be agents of justice and peace in a fractured world. Uppsala 1968 proved to name in a prophetic way crucial issues that remain on the agenda for worldwide Christianity: class, economy, isolationism, racism, the arms race. But today the churches are also confronted with new and renewed issues such as post‐colonialism, migration, ecology, gender, and a theological grounding of the church‐s existence in the world. The article concludes by proposing table fellowship as a possibility for such theological grounding.
Helicobacter pylori‐associated peptic ulcer disease: A retrospective analysis of post‐treatment testing practices
Authors: Feder Rachel , Posner Shai , Qin Yi , Zheng Jiayin , Chow Shein‐Chung , Garman Katherine S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackground & AimsGuidelines recommend that patients with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)‐associated peptic ulcer disease (PUD) receive H. pylori eradication therapy followed by post‐treatment testing to prove eradication; however, post‐treatment testing rates are suboptimal and barriers to testing are poorly understood. Our aim was to identify factors that predicted receipt of post‐treatment testing.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of 152 patients with H. pylori‐associated PUD diagnosed between 2007 and 2015 at a large tertiary medical center in the United States, who received standard eradication therapy and ambulatory follow‐up within one year. The primary outcome of interest was receipt of post‐treatment testing. Logistic regression models compared post‐treatment testing rates in those diagnosed while outpatient vs inpatient, patients with vs without repeat endoscopy, and patients with vs without gastroenterology (GI) clinic follow‐up. Propensity scores controlled for age, sex, race, ulcer location, and symptom persistence.ResultsAmong 152 patients, 67 (44%) patients received post‐treatment testing. There were significant differences in post‐treatment testing rates in those diagnosed as outpatients vs inpatients (57% vs 33%; OR 3.87, P = 0.001) and in patients with vs without GI follow‐up (62% vs 11%; OR 9.85, P < 0.0001).ConclusionsThe rate of testing for eradication after treatment in patients with H. pylori‐ associated PUD was low. However, this was significantly improved in patients who have GI follow‐up and whose diagnosis was made in the outpatient setting. Our study demonstrates a clear opportunity for quality improvement initiatives.
Prompt initiation of high‐dose i.v. corticosteroids seems to prevent progression to liver failure in patients with original acute severe autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Zachou Kalliopi , Arvaniti Pinelopi , Azariadis Kalliopi , Lygoura Vasiliki , Gatselis Nikolaos K. , Lyberopoulou Aggeliki , Koukoulis George K. , Dalekos George N. 
Published: September 2018

AimsThe definition of original acute severe autoimmune hepatitis (AS‐AIH) is unclear. However, its rapid recognition and early treatment is potentially life‐saving. Therefore, we present herein an open, real‐world observational study for the assessment of the efficacy and safety of early high‐dose i.v. corticosteroids in original AS‐AIH patients.MethodsProspectively collected data from 184 AIH patients were analyzed retrospectively. Original AS‐AIH defined as an acute symptomatic presentation of newly diagnosed AIH (transaminases >10× upper limit of normal, bilirubin >4 mg/dL, and international normalized ratio [INR] ≥1.5) without histological lesions of chronic disease.ResultsThirty‐four of 184 (18.5%) patients had original AS‐AIH. These patients were promptly treated with i.v. corticosteroids (either 1 g methylprednisolone for 3 consecutive days followed by i.v. 1 mg/kg/day prednisolone or i.v. 1.5 mg/kg/day prednisolone from the beginning). Only 1/34 (2.9%) died due to sepsis; none required liver transplantation during follow‐up (65 [1–175] months). No significant differences were detected in baseline characteristics between original AS‐AIH patients and those with insidious presentation (not‐AS‐AIH; n = 117) apart from antinuclear antibodies negativity (P = 0.038), and higher immunoglobulin G, transaminases, INR, and bilirubin in original AS‐AIH patients (P = 0.001 for all). Complete response and corticosteroids withdrawal (for patients treated >12 months) were significantly more frequent in original AS‐AIH (n = 28) than in not‐AS‐AIH (n = 79; P = 0.026 and P = 0.016, respectively). Presence of original AS‐AIH was the only independent predictor for achieving complete response.ConclusionsPrompt initiation of high‐dose i.v. corticosteroids in original AS‐AIH seems safe and efficient as it prevents disease deterioration and the need for liver transplantation. The long‐term overall survival of these patients was high (97% for 5.3 years), and the long‐term treatment response and corticosteroids withdrawal rates were higher compared to not‐AS‐AIH patients.