bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alternative livelihood dilemmas and the degradation of protected areas: power contestation and social-ecological interests in Gede Pangrango National Park
Authors: Deni  , Adiwibowo S , Satria A , Kartodihardjo H 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Forest degradation has occurred in Indonesian Protected Areas, including Gede Pangrango National Park. Forest degradation is marked by the incidence of illegal logging and land occupation by local communities. Some national parks promote alternative livelihoods to reduce land occupation, but the results are less satisfactory. This research was conducted in Gede Pangrango National Park, with a focus on observing the process of power contestation, the development of alternative livelihoods and forest degradation in Sukatani village. This study uses qualitative methods to answer: 1) How social formation is associated with forest degradation; 2) Why alternative livelihood development did not succeed to reduce forest degradation; 3) What power strength which made the local people prefer land occupation. The study was conducted in Gede Pangrango National Park with the focus of the study to observe the process of power contestation, the development of alternative livelihoods and forest degradation in Sukatani village. The results reveal that the occupation of land and forest degradation followed from power relations. Local communities build power relations to maintain access rights. Farmers prefer land occupation as a rational action. Ties of patronage at the farm level made small farmers continue to maintain land occupation. Thus, market power and the high economic value of agriculture works forest protection and restoration worked against the restoration of forests.
Assessing factors to influence the willingness of smallholders to participate in a replanting zonation scheme in Pelalawan District, Riau Province, Indonesia
Authors: Nurrochmat D R , Massijaya M Y , Jaya I N S , Ekayani M , Kuncahyo B , Prawira T 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Forest cover is one of the most important indicators to sustainable development. Illegal logging arises because of the rising demand for wood products due to increasing population and economic growth, while the total supply of log from forests remains stable or even decreases. To overcome the supply gap for wood, the utilization of wood sources beyond natural forest areas is necessary. One proposed policy option to increase utilization of wood from non-forest areas is to implement replanting zonation scheme for oil palm plantation. This policy option is implemented through three main activities. First, mapping the age divergences of the oil palms; second, making replanting zonation map; and third, integrating the utilization of oil palm trunks in the forest industry’s raw material fulfillment plan (RPBI Kehutanan). Through these policies, the waste of palm trunks can be used as raw materials in wood industries. Without a replanting zonation scheme, oil palm trunks are not a feasible replacement for forest timber because of their scattered location, limited volume, and size.
Economic losses and forest fire causes at Ranu Pani Resort, Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park
Authors: Suprihatini A J , Tampubolon B I , Pramudita D , Ekayani M 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Forest fire is one of the main causes of forest destruction that can threaten the sustainability of forest resources. Uncontrolled forest and land fires can generate environmental damages in several aspects, i.e. social, economy, and ecology. Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (TNBTS) is one of the national parks in East Java province which is frequently experiences forest fire. The largest forest fire in TNBTS area in 2015 was located in Ranu Pani Resort, which is the entrance of hiking trails in Semeru Mountain. Forest fires on Ranu Pani Resort caused substantial losses for communities and managers. Considering the important role of the national park in managing and protecting forest resources, research about economic losses due to forest fire, the time pattern of forest fire, and the causal factors of forest fires in Ranu Pani Resort is necessary. Data analysis in this research include benefit transfer approaches, loss of earning, descriptive analysis, and logistic regression. Result show that total economic loss of forest fires in Ranu Pani Resort is IDR 2,296,172,122. The forest fires on Ranu Pani Resort often occur in August, September and October. Human factors (the number of farmers) are more likely to cause fires in TNTBS compared to natural factors (intensity of rainfall).
Impacts of the new Decentralization Law 23/2014 to the implementation of Community Based Forest Management in Lampung Province, Indonesia
Authors: Wulandari C , Budiono P , Ekayani M 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Establishment of Law 23/2014 on Local Government has shifted authority of forest resources management from district to province level, including community empowerment programs in Lampung Province such as Village Forest (Hutan Desa), Community Forest (Hutan Kemasyarakatan or HKm). This study focused on HKm because it is the largest CBFM program in Lampung Province. As a result of Law 23/2014, 16 PAK (working area designation) in 4 districts (16,961 Ha) of HKm candidates were canceled, because they cannot be extended. Under these conditions it is necessary to make a study to determine the impact and strategy of local government in dealing with Law 23/2014. The study was conducted on March-April 2016 using a qualitative approach. The selection of respondents uses purposive sampling method followed by a descriptive analysis. This research finds that local governments tend to wait until there are specific regulations set on HKm in accordance with Law 23/2014. However, it can be concluded that (1) Ministry should immediately publish the Ministry Regulation on HKm, (2) Provincial and district governments should immediately coordinate transfers of personnel, funding, facilities, and documents.
Implementation of REDD+ in the existing forest property rights: lessons from Berau, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia
Authors: Rochmayanto Y , Nurrochmat D R , Nugroho B , Darusman D , Satria A 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
There is a little empirical evidence on how REDD+ can work through existing property rights that define Indonesian forests. This article focuses on assessing the effectiveness of existing forest property rights in local forest institutions within a REDD+ framework. The study focuses on two local forest institutions: Forest Management Unit (FMU) of Berau Barat, and Merabu Village Forest. Within these forest landscapes, households within three villages were selected for interview and household survey collection. This research first examines the bundle of rights allotted to households by examining the content of formal rules enacted for Forest Management Units and Village Forests. Specifically, these different forest property types were assessed for the ability of local forest institutions to control additionality, leakage, and permanence. The results of formal policy were then compared to data collected from households within the forest landscape of Berau, East Kalimantan. This comparison finds that Merabu Village Forest provides higher forest tenure security than the FMU of Berau Barat. Further, forest rights from Merabu Village Forest are more likely to promote REDD+ outcomes, indicated by the ability for local authority to control additionality, leakage, and permanence. Finally, this research finds increasing capacity to manage leakage, integrate national and local tenure efforts, include local knowledge, law enforcement capacity, and community awareness.
Model of multi-stakeholder forest management: a system study of Protected Forest Management Unit in Solok, Indonesia
Authors: Ilham Q P , Purnomo H , Nugroho T 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Multi-stakeholders forest management can be influenced by many factors and will be difficult because of different process expectations. This paper discusses the integration of soft systems methodology (SSM) within a multi-stakeholder approach in research to support sustainable and equitable forest management of the Protected Forest Management Unit (PFMU) in Solok, Indonesia. The management of PFMU in Solok is complicated by the legitimacy of forest right, institutional culture, political interest, uncertainty the nature of relationships among stakeholders, illegal logging, and the topography is varied, existing watersheds and limitations of forest inventory data. The situation is not only characterized by its complex ecosystem but, more importantly, by the complexity of the social and political system around it. In this work, SSM contributed to expressing the problem situations of PFMU. A model was developed by formulating the root definitions and building the conceptual model of the relevant component of forest management. The model was used to stimulate debate about desirable and feasible change, as well as to explore the future scenarios. Finally, multi-stakeholders approach by implementing the SSM principle helps to harmonize the stakeholder interest and to formulate the scenario of forest management. This approach was also found to be a positive way to explore a collaborative action plans for sustainable and equitable forest management.
Multi-landscape forest management of small islands in the Moluccas based on green economy
Authors: Kastanya A 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The exploitative and centralistic economic development of Indonesia has had a negative impact on the land, coastal areas and oceans causing poverty in communities. Effects of global warming and climate change require change in the paradigm towards a green economy to prevent a 20 C increase in earth’s temperature, which will damage the world and its living creatures. Spatial analysis and Geo Information System (GIS) analysis was used in this research. Operational analysis used the framework of the Integrated Management Model of Small Island Landscape which contains a conceptual, macro and micro framework. The research results require a change from an exploitative economy to a green economy as a basis for policy and renewal of regulations at a central and regional level, in accordance with the eco region’s diversity. The macro concept integrates the multi landscape of small islands i.e. the island cluster, the island and its short, narrow watershed, as the management foundation. Integration results show 12 island clusters consisting of 1,340 islands with 1600 water set in the Moluccas. While in North Moluccas there are 8 island clusters, 600 islands and more than 600 watershed. All land use and systems, forest functions, socio-cultural information, tenancy and native title rights have already been integrated into the watershed of the islands and island clusters. The micro concept details sustainable management of forests and other land use areas into management units based on the agroforestry landscape so each multi landscape unit achieves sustainability and community prosperity.
Principal agent in tree mortgage system on traditional agroforestry management in Moluccas Indonesia
Authors: Salampessy M L , Febryano I G , Zulfiani D 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The agroforestry system in land management has been carried out traditionally by societies in Moluccas. The practice is known as dusung, and includes the cultivation of nutmeg trees. Farmers face a number of problems, one of which is a system of debt bondage that inflicts financial loss upon the farmers. This study aims to explain the involvement of farmers with debt bondage system, namely the tree mortgage system (TMS). This research uses a case study approach, with the collection of interviews and participant conservation data. The data is analysed using principal agent theory. The results showed that nutmeg farmers (principal) have a risk when debt bondage (agent) denies an agreement/moral hazard or acts out an agreement. This occurs when agent exploits the access of information and nutmeg marketing prospects, which makes the position of farmers weak and disadvantaged. Improving contracts for TMS and local institutional strengthening is necessary, as it can improve the bargaining position of nutmeg farmers and encourage the preservation of forest resources through sustainable management of nutmeg dusung.
Questioning the competitiveness of Indonesian wooden furniture in the global market
Authors: Nurkomariyah S , Firdaus M , Nurrochmat D R , Erbaugh J T 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Indonesia is one of the top-ten most dominant manufacturers of wooden furniture in the world, exporting approximately $ 1.34 billion of wooden furniture in 2015, with a market share 2.09%. However, in the last decade, the volume of wood furniture exports has gradually decreased. Additionally, the wooden furniture industry in Indonesia must now implement the timber legality verification system (SVLK) to ensure raw materials come from legal sources. Given the importance of the wooden furniture industry and recent timber legality mandates, this study: 1) analyzes the competitiveness of Indonesian wooden furniture in the international markets and 2) investigates the relationship between the timber legality assurance system (TLAS) and the competitiveness of Indonesian wooden furniture in the global market. This research uses economic trade data and revealed comparative advantage (RCA) to analyze the comparative advantage of wooden furniture from Indonesia in the global market, as well as export product dynamics (EPD) methods to determine the market position of Indonesian wooden furniture. The RCA index shows that Indonesia has a comparative advantage, but its competitiveness is lower than China, Vietnam, and Malaysia. The EPD methods indicate that the competitiveness of Indonesian wood furniture continues to decline. These analyses point to a potential weakness in SVLK in relation to the competitiveness of Indonesian wood furniture in key international markets.
Non-Equilibrium ϕ4 theory for networks: towards memory formations with quantum brain dynamics
Authors: Nishiyama Akihiro , Tuszynski Jack A 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We investigate the time evolution of quantum fields in neutral scalar ϕ
4 theory for open systems with the central region and the multiple reservoirs (networks) as a toy model of quantum field theory of the brain. First we investigate the Klein–Gordon (KG) equations and the Kadanoff–Baym (KB) equations in open systems in d + 1 dimensions. Next, we introduce the kinetic entropy current and provide the proof of the H-theorem for networks. Finally, we solve the KG and the KB equations numerically in spatially homogeneous systems in 1 + 1 dimensions. We find that decoherence, entropy saturation and chemical equilibration all occur during the time evolution in the networks. We also show how coherent field transfer takes place in the networks.
Sub-SMAS Transposition of the Buccal Fat Pad
Authors: Bitik Ozan 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Regardless of the technique chosen to treat the aging midface, the isolated lateral approach facelift has a limited impact on the midface volume deficit. In an effort to overcome this limitation, modern facial rejuvenation procedures incorporate an additional modality for replenishing the midface volume. Some of the author’s facelift patients present with bulging buccal fat pads despite volume deficiency in the inframalar region. The author’s technique is designed to utilize the buccal fat pad to replenish the inframalar volume deficit.

Objectives
The author sought to present the fat pad transposition surgical technique along with objective outcome data.

Methods
This study was a retrospective review of nonconsecutive cases where the sub-superficial-musculo-aponeurotic-system transposition of the buccal fat pad was performed. A total of 22 patients underwent the fat pad transposition technique by the author (O.B.) between July 2013 and December 2017. Patient data were obtained from patient records, 3-dimensional models, magnetic resonance images, and standardized photography. Preoperative differences in midface volume were assessed utilizing curvilinear surface measurements on 3-dimensional models and the Allergan midface volume deficit scale on standardized photography.

Results
The average midface volume deficit score significantly improved, and the average midfacial curvilinear surface measurement significantly increased after surgery. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed a stable position of the buccal fat pad after surgery.

Conclusions
The sub-superficial-musculo-aponeurotic-system transposition of the buccal fat pad is an effective technique that can be safely employed for autologous inframalar augmentation in patients with a favorable facial morphology.

Level of Evidence: 4
The Psychological Impacts of Upper Facial Lines: A Qualitative, Patient-Centered Study
Authors: Dayan Steven , Yoelin Steven G , De Boulle Koenraad , Garcia Julie K 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
The 11-item Facial Line Outcomes (FLO-11) questionnaire is content validated for measuring the negative psychological impacts of crow’s feet lines (CFL).

Objectives
The aims of this study were to determine psychological impacts of forehead lines (FHL) alone and upper facial lines (UFL: FHL + CFL + glabellar lines [GL]) and to assess adequacy of FLO-11 to measure these impacts.

Methods
Participants aged at least 18 years participated in concept elicitation and cognitive interviews to identify and define psychological impacts of UFL. They completed the FLO-11 questionnaire to assess its ability to measure psychological impacts of facial lines and its comprehensiveness in doing so.

Results
Forty interviews were completed by 29 participants. Twenty participants each provided interviews for FHL and for UFL. The most commonly reported psychological impacts for FHL and UFL, respectively, were feeling unattractive (85%, 80%), looking less attractive than desired (85%, 70%), feeling bothered (80%, 70%), feeling good/bad about appearance (80%, 70%), looking older than actual age (75%, 65%), and feeling stressed (70%, 70%). For FHL, 70% of participants also reported looking older than desired as a psychological impact. More than 50% of participants agreed that all 11 FLO-11 items measured a psychological impact for FHL. More than 50% reported that 9 of 11 items measured a psychological impact for UFL. The majority of participants (FHL, 65%; UFL, 60%) reported that the FLO-11 questionnaire is comprehensive in measuring psychological impacts of facial lines.

Conclusions
FHL and UFL have psychological impacts on patients, and FLO-11 is a content valid, comprehensive instrument for measuring them.
Joint detection of germline and somatic copy number events in matched tumor–normal sample pairs
Authors: Liu Yongzhuang , Liu Jian , Wang Yadong 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Motivation
Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of tumor–normal sample pairs is a powerful approach for comprehensively characterizing germline copy number variations (CNVs) and somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) in cancer research and clinical practice. Existing computational approaches for detecting copy number events cannot detect germline CNVs and SCNAs simultaneously, and yield low accuracy for SCNAs.

Results
In this study, we developed TumorCNV, a novel approach for jointly detecting germline CNVs and SCNAs from WGS data of the matched tumor–normal sample pair. We compared TumorCNV with existing copy number event detection approaches using the simulated data and real data for the COLO-829 melanoma cell line. The experimental results showed that TumorCNV achieved superior performance than existing approaches.

Availability and implementation
The software TumorCNV is implemented using a combination of Java and R, and it is freely available from the website at https://github.com/yongzhuang/TumorCNV.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Bumblebees adjust protein and lipid collection rules to the presence of brood
Authors: Kraus Stéphane , Gómez-Moracho Tamara , Pasquaretta Cristian , Latil Gérard , Dussutour Audrey , Lihoreau Mathieu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAnimals have evolved foraging strategies to acquire blends of nutrients that maximize fitness traits. In social insects, nutrient regulation is complicated by the fact that few individuals, the foragers, must address the divergent nutritional needs of all colony members simultaneously, including other workers, the reproductives, and the brood. Here we used 3D nutritional geometry design to examine how bumblebee workers regulate their collection of 3 major macronutrients in the presence and absence of brood. We provided small colonies artificial nectars (liquid diets) and pollens (solid diets) varying in their compositions of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates during 2 weeks. Colonies given a choice between nutritionally complementary diets self-selected foods to reach a target ratio of 71% proteins, 6% carbohydrates, and 23% lipids, irrespective of the presence of brood. When confined to a single nutritionally imbalanced solid diet, colonies without brood regulated lipid collection and over-collected protein relative to this target ratio, whereas colonies with brood regulated both lipid and protein collection. This brood effect on the regulation of nutrient collection by workers suggests that protein levels are critical for larval development. Our results highlight the importance of considering bee nutrition as a multidimensional phenomenon to better assess the effects of environmental impoverishment and malnutrition on population declines.
Diet composition of the lizard Podarcis lilfordi (Lacertidae) on 2 small islands: an individual-resource network approach
Authors: Santamaría Silvia , Enoksen Camilla Aviaaja , Olesen Jens M , Tavecchia Giacomo , Rotger Andreu , Igual José Manuel , Traveset Anna 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDespite it is widely accepted that intrapopulation variation is fundamental to ecological and evolutionary processes, this level of information has only recently been included into network analysis of species/population interactions. When done, it has revealed non-random patterns in the distribution of trophic resources. Nestedness in resource use among individuals is the most recurrent observed pattern, often accompanied by an absence of modularity, but no previous studies examine bipartite modularity. We use network analysis to describe the diet composition of the Balearic endemic lizard Podarcis lilfordi in 2 islets at population and individual levels, based on the occurrence of food items in fecal samples. Our objectives are to 1) compare niche structure at both levels, 2) characterize niche partition using nestedness and modularity, and 3) assess how size, sex, season, and spatial location influence niche structure. At population-level niche width was wide, but narrow at the level of the individual. Both islet networks were nested, indicating similar ranking of the food preferences among individuals, but also modular, which was partially explained by seasonality. Sex and body size did not notably affect diet composition. Large niche overlap and therefore possibly relaxed competition were observed among females in one of the islets and during spring on both islets. Likewise, higher modularity in autumn suggests that higher competition could lead to specialization in both populations, because resources are usually scarce in this season. The absence of spatial location influence on niche might respond to fine-grained spatio-temporally distribution of food resources. Behavioral traits, not included in this study, could also influence resource partitioning.