bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changing prevalence of current asthma and inhaled corticosteroid treatment in the UK: population-based cohort 2006–2016
Authors: Bloom Chloe I. , Saglani Sejal , Feary Johanna , Jarvis Debbie , Quint Jennifer K. 
Published: February 2019

Asthma is the most common respiratory disorder in the UK, yet we have incomplete knowledge on the prevalence of current disease, treatment and exacerbations.We used UK electronic healthcare records, 2006–2016, to estimate the prevalence of current asthma by year, sex and age (<5, 5–11, 12–17, 18–24, 25–54 and ≥55 years), and the proportion prescribed inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and additional asthma therapy, treated for exacerbations and other asthma care markers.Overall current asthma prevalence was 6.5% in 2016 (7.2% in 2006). Prevalence fell in those aged <45 years. The lowest prevalence and largest absolute decrease was in children aged <5 years. In 2016, 80% of current asthma patients were managed on ICS (65% in 2006); this increase occurred in all age groups, primarily due to an increase in low-dose ICS. During this time there was an increase in all age groups in the proportion prescribed additional asthma therapy, treated for an exacerbation within primary care and given an annual asthma review or management plan. Hospitalised exacerbations showed minimal change over time.Asthma remains highly prevalent and a significant healthcare burden. In those with a diagnosis, there was an increase in ICS prescriptions and treatment of exacerbations across all age groups. This may reflect a trend towards more aggressive asthma management within primary care. An apparent decline in prevalence was observed in those aged <45 years, particularly in children aged <5 years.
Exercise intolerance in comorbid COPD and heart failure: the role of impaired aerobic function
Authors: Rocha Alcides , Arbex Flavio F. , Sperandio Priscila A. , Mancuso Frederico , Marillier Mathieu , Bernard Anne-Catherine , Alencar Maria Clara N. , O'Donnell Denis E. , Neder J. Alberto 
Published: February 2019

Impaired aerobic function is a potential mechanism of exercise intolerance in patients with combined cardiorespiratory disease. We investigated the pathophysiological and sensory consequences of a low change in oxygen uptake (ΔV′O2)/change in work rate (ΔWR) relationship during incremental exercise in patients with coexisting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and systolic heart failure (HF).After clinical stabilisation, 51 COPD–HF patients performed an incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test to symptom limitation. Cardiac output was non-invasively measured (impedance cardiography) in a subset of patients (n=18).27 patients presented with ΔV′O2/ΔWR below the lower limit of normal. Despite similar forced expiratory volume in 1 s and ejection fraction, the low ΔV′O2/ΔWR group showed higher end-diastolic volume, lower inspiratory capacity and lower transfer factor compared to their counterparts (p<0.05). Peak WR and peakV′O2were ∼15% and ∼30% lower, respectively, in the former group: those findings were associated with greater symptom burden in daily life and at a given exercise intensity (leg discomfort and dyspnoea). The low ΔV′O2/ΔWR group presented with other evidences of impaired aerobic function (sluggishV′O2kinetics, earlier anaerobic threshold) and cardiocirculatory performance (lower oxygen pulse, lower stroke volume and cardiac output) (p<0.05). Despite similar exertional hypoxaemia, they showed worse ventilatory inefficiency and higher operating lung volumes, which led to greater mechanical inspiratory constraints (p<0.05).Impaired aerobic function due to negative cardiopulmonary–muscular interactions is an important determinant of exercise intolerance in patients with COPD–HF. Treatment strategies to improve oxygen delivery to and/or utilisation by the peripheral muscles might prove particularly beneficial to these patients.
Case Report: Unprovoked venous thromboembolism in a young adult
Authors: Dhabhar Jeyhan , Mehta Varshil , Desai Nimit , Dawoodi Sameer , Zaman Sojib Bin 
Published: February 2019

A 24-year-old male was presented to us with sudden onset of chest pain and dyspnea for the past one hour. There was no history of calf pain, trauma, surgery, prolonged immobilization, long-haul air travel, bleeding diathesis or any other co-morbidity. The patient denied any addiction history. The Electrocardiogram showed tachycardia with S1Q3T3 pattern. The left arterio-venous Doppler study was suggestive of a thrombus in popliteal vein and sapheno-popliteal junction. The CT-Pulmonary Angiogram scan was suggestive of a massive pulmonary thromboembolism. The patient was thrombolysed with Intravenous Alteplase immediately and was put on tab Rivaroxaban for maintenance. He was later discharged after being stable. Unprovoked venous thromboembolism (VTE) is very rare and has the potential to lead to pulmonary embolism which could be disastrous, especially in young adults. We present such a case where unprovoked VTE was diagnosed and treated. This case suggests that high clinical suspicion is the key for the diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism, especially in the absence of history suggestive of deep vein thrombosis.
Saccular Aneurysms of the Transverse Aortic Arch
Authors: Preventza Ourania , Coselli Joseph 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Based on a Presentation at the 2013 VEITH Symposium, November 19–23, 2013 (New York, NY, USA)
Saccular aneurysms of the aortic arch, whether single or multiple, are uncommon. The choice of repair technique is influenced by patients' comorbidities and age. Repairing saccular aneurysms with traditional open techniques can be technically demanding; therefore, endovascular technology and a variety of hybrid approaches have been developed to facilitate such repairs and, potentially, to improve clinical outcomes, especially in high-risk patients. There have been no large, randomized studies to compare the outcomes of these different treatment options in patients with single or multiple saccular aneurysms of the arch. In this review, we outline the etiology and common locations of these aneurysms, the different open, completely endovascular, and hybrid techniques used to treat them, and the treatment selection process.
Acute Bilateral Lower Extremity Paralysis Secondary to Acute Thrombosis of an Infrarenal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Watson T. Joseph , Childers W. Kurtis , Haga Lindsey , Calaitges John 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe present the case of a 64-year-old male who presented to the emergency department with bilateral limb ischemia and paralysis for approximately 1 hour. Computed tomographic angiography demonstrated occlusion of the infrarenal aorta beginning just above the patient’s known abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and extending into both common iliac arteries. He was emergently treated via open repair of the AAA with a Gore-Tex tube graft, bilateral common iliac thrombectomies, and bilateral lower extremity four-compartment fasciotomies. Post-operatively, he had monophasic signals in both posterior tibial arteries, neither of which was present before the operation. During recovery, he developed an ileus but otherwise did not have complications. He was discharged to rehabilitation on post-operative day 15.
Left Ventricular Intussusception of an Intimal Flap in an Aortic Dissection Stanford Type A
Authors: Kaufeld Tim , Shrestha Malakh , Haverich Axel , Martens Andreas 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA 75-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency department with severe and sudden chest pain. Transthoracic echocardiogram showed an unusual case of aortic dissection Stanford Type A with complete circumferential detachment of the ascending aorta intima. An intussusception of the intima flap into the left ventricular outflow tract was also observed. This case presents a very rare surgical treatment involving root repair using tissue adhesives for a left ventricular intimal flap.
Una aproximación a la construcción de la identidad étnica en migrantes africanos en la Patagonia norte: Un estudio comparativo
Authors: Kalmbach Jonas 
Published: February 2019

Resumen
Este artículo propone una aproximación exploratoria a la construcción de la identidad étnica de los migrantes provenientes del África subsahariana que actualmente se encuentran en la Patagonia norte, protagonizando un nuevo «flujo migratorio» que trasciende los grandes centros urbanos. A través de un enfoque comparativo, buscamos restituir la heterogeneidad de experiencias y autonarrativas migratorias, analizando las relaciones intra e interétnicas en la sociedad de destino. Esto nos permitió distinguir una modalidad de «migración transnacional», comprender las comunidades étnicas como «territorios móviles» y aproximarnos a la «alterización» radical de los migrantes enraizada en el imaginario de una Argentina blanca y europea.

Palabras claves: Etnicidad, migración transnacional, territorios móviles, religión, exotización.
RISK PROFILE, GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, EARNING, CAPITAL (RGEC) METHOD SEBAGAI INSTRUMEN PENGUKUR TINGKAT KESEHATAN PERBANKAN SYARIAH DI INDONESIA
Authors: Kusnanto Amir 
Published: February 2019

Bank Indonesia perfected the Bank's health assessment method from CAMELS to RGEC method which includes factors of Risk Profile, Good Corporate Governance, Earning, and Capital in accordance with Bank Indonesia Circular Letter No.13 / 24 / DPNP dated October 25, 2011 on Assessment Health Level of Commercial Banks. Such adjustments need to be made so that the bank soundness rating can be more effectively used as a tool to evaluate the bank's financial performance. The results of the analysis on the Rating of Health Level at Bank Syariah Mandiri, Bank BRI Syariah, Bank Syariah Bukopin, BCA Syariah using RGEC method shows the bank's health predicate in accordance with the standards set by Bank Indonesia for the period 2013, 2014 and 2015 with the conclusion of the assessment results the same in composite 2, which reflects the general condition of the bank healthy. Except for Bank BNI Syariah in the period of 2013 with the conclusion of composite rating of 1, which reflects the condition of banks that are very healthy, the period 2014 and 2015 with the conclusion of composite rating 2, which reflects the general condition of the bank healthy. The Bank's Health Level in terms of RGEC at Sharia Commercial Banks in the period of 2013, 2014, and 2015 are in healthy criteria, so it is considered very capable of facing significant negative impacts from changes in business conditions and other external factors.
Lexical richness of Chinese candidates in the graded oral English examinations
Authors: Zhang Jian , Daller Michael 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The main purpose of this study is to explore the lexical richness of Chinese candidates of different proficiency levels in a graded examination in spoken English (GESE), which is an exam developed by Trinity College, London and administered in Beijing, China by trained local examiners. We compared 5 lexical indices and the mean length of utterances (MLU) of the GEGE candidates of three proficiency levels. The quantitative results first indicate that lexical richness plays an important role in these oral interviews and there are significant correlations between the lexical indices, the MLU and the proficiency level of the candidates. Furthermore, candidates who pass the oral exams have significantly higher scores for lexical richness. There are significant differences between the lexical richness scores at the Initial level (GESE Grade 2) and at the Elementary level (Grade 5). But only some measures show significant differences between the Elementary level (Grade 5) and the Intermediate level (Grade 7), which casts some doubt on the validity of the classification system. One reason for this result might be the fact that a Grade 7 certificate leads to higher chances in the admissions process for prestigious secondary schools and there is a strong interest by candidates and by private preparatory schools to get a certificate at this level. Some candidates might have enrolled on this level without meeting the criteria fully. Overall, our results show that measures of lexical richness and MLU are good predictors for success in oral interviews, but that factors other than proficiency play a role when it comes to the placement of students in Grade 7. The unique contribution of the present study resides in the fact that we use a large sample drawn randomly from a huge corpus of oral interviews. On this basis, we can gain further insights in the role that vocabulary knowledge plays in oral interviews.
Evaluation of procalcitonin immunoassay concordance near clinical decision points
Authors: Chambliss Allison B. , Hayden Joshua , Colby Jennifer M. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
Procalcitonin (PCT) is a biomarker for systemic bacterial infections and may aid in decision making for antimicrobial stewardship. Numerous PCT assays are available on common clinical immunoassay platforms. However, questions remain about the harmonization of these assays and whether the same clinical decision points may be used with all methods.

Methods
Thirty-seven remnant patient serum samples were analyzed across four different PCT assays: Abbott ARCHITECT i2000, bioMérieux MINI VIDAS, Roche Elecsys cobas e 411, and BRAHMS KRYPTOR. Regression analysis was performed, and correlation was assessed at common clinical decision points for antimicrobial therapy: 0.10, 0.25, and 0.50 μg/L.

Results
Data showed a positive bias of the MINI VIDAS compared to the KRYPTOR (slope=1.188, R=0.9873) and negative biases of both the ARCHITECT i2000 and cobas e 411 compared to the KRYPTOR (slope=0.806, R=0.8864, and slope=0.795, R=0.8974, respectively). A comparison of results at commonly used clinical decision points for antimicrobial stewardship showed that, relative to the KRYPTOR, 21% of samples would be classified into different interpretive categories by the ARCHITECT i2000 method, 31% of samples would be classified differently by the MINI VIDAS method, and 16% of samples would be classified differently by the cobas e 411 method.

Conclusions
All methods showed reasonable analytical agreement; however, an analysis of result interpretation at clinical decision points showed that many samples were differentially categorized (e.g. shifted by one interpretive category) by the methods. Overall, our findings support a need for harmonization of PCT methods. Until then, institutions should independently evaluate their PCT assays against predicate methods and consider the impact on result interpretation prior to incorporating PCT into clinical practice.
How do Institutions Inspire Ambitions? Differentiating Institutional Effects on Entrepreneurial Growth Intentions: Evidence from China
Authors: Li Yaokuang , Wang Jing , Long Dan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEntrepreneurial growth intention, as an outcome of the entrepreneur’s cognition, has been found to be influenced by the institutional context. However, the cognitive rationale for the institutional impact on entrepreneurial growth intention is still unknown. This article builds upon the framework of institutional theory to reveal how the perceptions of institutional environment foster entrepreneurial growth intention via the entrepreneur’s specific cognitive process. Based on an extended model of the theory of planned behavior, we find that perceptions of different institutional dimensions exert important but distinct influence on the way in which entrepreneurs view and perceive venture growth and then indirectly inspire their ambitions in the post-entry stage of entrepreneurship. The entrepreneur’s perception of behavioral control plays a key role in this process. The implications for entrepreneurial practice and future research are then discussed.
Reconfigurable Graphene Circular Polarization Reflectarray/Transmitarray Antenna
Authors: Li Wen Tao , Sun Shunlai , Qi Nana , Shi Xiaowei 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Reconfigurable reflectarray/transmitarray antennas have found broad applications in wireless communication due to their low cost, small size, flexible design, and superior performance. However, one common drawback of most current designs is the complex reconfiguration operation, which restricts their further applications. In this research, a new design strategy for reconfigurable reflectarray/transmitarray antennas is proposed and shown. Specifically, a circularly polarized
$11 \times 11$ unit-cell graphene-based reflectarray/transmitarray antenna covering an area of
$1.1 \times 1.1$ mm2 is designed, with a graphene-based frequency selective surface (FSS) as a ground. By adjusting the electric field, a dynamic change in the complex conductivity of graphene is achieved, which in turn changes the phase and the resonance point of the reflected or transmitted wave at the element. By tuning the size of the patch and changing the chemical potential of graphene, the element of the reflectarray/transmitarray operated at 1 THz can provide a dynamic phase range of more than
${360^ \circ }$. The simulation results show that the designed antenna can be dynamically reconfigured between the circularly polarized reflectarray/transmitarray antenna of the single structure, and has potential applications in emerging terahertz communication systems.
Behcet’s disease and pregnancy: obstetrical and neonatal outcomes in a population-based cohort of 12 million births
Authors: Lee Seohyuk , Czuzoj-Shulman Nicholas , Abenhaim Haim Arie 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
Behcet’s disease (BD) is a rare, multi-systemic inflammatory disorder for which only limited and contradictory data exists in the context of pregnancy. Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of BD in pregnancy and to evaluate maternal and fetal outcomes associated with pregnant women living with BD.

Methods
Using the 1999–2013 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project-Nationwide Inpatient Sample from the United States, we performed a population-based retrospective cohort study consisting of pregnancies that occurred during this time period. ICD-9 codes were used to identify delivery admissions to women with or without BD. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the adjusted effects of BD on maternal and fetal outcomes.

Results
Among the 12,592,676 pregnancies in our cohort, 144 were to women with BD, for an overall prevalence of 1.14 cases/100,000 births between 1999 and 2013. Over the study period, the prevalence of BD rose from 0.5 to 2.4/100,000 births. Women with BD demonstrated a two-fold greater frequency of non-delivery hospital admissions during pregnancy, and were more likely to be Caucasian, have private medical insurance, be of the upper income quartiles, and deliver at an urban teaching hospital. Women with BD were at greater risk for preterm labor and postpartum venous thromboembolism, while their newborns were more likely to be born premature.

Conclusion
BD-associated pregnancies are increasing in prevalence and are associated with a greater risk for adverse maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnancy. Appropriate thromboprophylaxis during pregnancy should be considered given the increased risk for venous thromboembolism.
Twin anemia-polycythemia sequence and routine monitoring practices amongst maternal-fetal medicine specialists in the United States: an initial investigation
Authors: Nicholas Lauren D. , Fischbein Rebecca L. , Bhamidipalli Surya S. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
The purpose of this initial investigation was to begin to understand the routine twin anemia-polycythemia sequence (TAPS) monitoring practices of maternal-fetal medicine specialists (MFM specialists) in the United States in the absence of a formal guideline.

Methods
This study used an anonymous, online survey of 90 MFM specialists who were practicing in the United States. A $5 gift card to an online store was used to incentivize participants. Descriptive statistics were calculated.

Results
All MFM specialists reported at least some familiarity (100.00%) with TAPS. Most participants (92.94%) were familiar with methods for monitoring patients for TAPS and nearly all (97.50%) responded that they use ‘Doppler MCA-PSV’ to make a prenatal TAPS diagnosis. Nearly two-thirds of MFM specialists surveyed (65.06%) reported performing regular TAPS monitoring for patients with monochorionic-diamniotic (MCDA) pregnancies.

Conclusion
Despite no formal guidelines, the majority of American MFM specialists surveyed are using routine TAPS screening in their management of MCDA twin pregnancies, suggesting that the MFM specialists included in this study consider it a valuable diagnostic tool. Future research should further explore this possible trend toward routine TAPS monitoring amongst MFM specialists in the United States, as well as the potential value of routine TAPS monitoring in MCDA pregnancy.
Neurological development may be accelerated in growth-restricted fetuses: a 4D ultrasound study
Authors: Mori Nobuhiro , Kanenishi Kenji , AboEllail Mohamed Ahmed Mostafa , Nitta Emiko , Hata Toshiyuki 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Objective
To assess whether neurological maturation and development are accelerated in fetal growth restriction (FGR) in utero using four-dimensional (4D) ultrasound.

Methods
The facial expressions of 50 appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) and 34 FGR fetuses aged between 28 and 35 gestational weeks were assessed using 4D ultrasound. Subsequently, they were differentiated into two gestational age groups (19 aged 28–31 weeks and 31 aged 32–35 weeks in AGA, and 15 aged 28–31 weeks and 19 aged 32–35 weeks in FGR). Fifteen-minute recordings were made, and the frequencies of seven facial expressions during that time were examined. Correlation analysis was conducted to assess the changing number of significant correlations with advancing gestation in each group.

Results
Out of 21 combinations of facial expressions at 28–31 and 32–35 gestational weeks in AGA fetuses, there was only three significant correlations. Similarly, only one was noted out of 21 combinations at 28–31 gestational weeks, but there were seven significant correlations in FGR fetuses at 32–35 weeks (P=0.018). However, there was no significant difference in the number of correlations of facial expressions between AGA (3/21) and FGR (7/21) fetuses at 32–35 weeks of gestation (P=0.147).

Conclusion
Our results suggest that the number of significant correlations of fetal facial expressions in FGR fetuses increases more compared with that in AGA fetuses at 32–35 weeks of gestation. Due to the acceleration of neurological maturation and development in FGR fetuses, the control of facial expressions by the brain may be more evident compared with AGA fetuses at 32–35 weeks of gestation. However, the data and their interpretation in the present study should be taken with some degree of caution because of the small number of subjects studied. Further studies involving a larger sample size are needed to obtain strong or additional evidence.