bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Initial stages of rejuvenation of vapor-deposited glasses during isothermal annealing: Contrast between experiment and simulation
Authors: Tracy M. E. , Kasting B. J. , Herrero C. , Berthier L. , Richert R. , Guiseppi-Elie A. , Ediger M. D. 
Published: December 2024

Physical vapor deposition can prepare organic glasses with high kinetic stability. When heated, these glassy solids slowly transform into supercooled liquid in a process known as rejuvenation. In this study, we anneal vapor-deposited glasses of methyl-m-toluate for 6 h at 0.98Tg to observe rejuvenation using dielectric spectroscopy. Glasses of moderate stability exhibited partial or full rejuvenation in 6 h. For highly stable glasses, prepared at substrate temperatures of 0.85Tg and 0.80Tg, the 6 h annealing time is ∼2% of the estimated transformation time, and no change in the onset temperature for the α relaxation process was observed, as expected. Surprisingly, for these highly stable glasses, annealing resulted in significant increases in the storage component of the dielectric susceptibility, without corresponding increases in the loss component. These changes are interpreted to indicate that short-term annealing rejuvenates a high frequency relaxation (e.g., the boson peak) within the stable glass. We compare these results to computer simulations of the rejuvenation of highly stable glasses generated by using the swap Monte Carlo algorithm. The in silico glasses, in contrast to the experiment, show no evidence of rejuvenation within the stable glass at times shorter than the alpha relaxation process.
Computational investigation of the dynamics of the constituents in a glucose-based biodegradable deep eutectic solvent
Authors: Sarkar Soham , Müller-Plathe Florian 
Published: December 2024

Atomistically detailed force field is employed to investigate the dynamics of a naturally abundant deep eutectic solvent at 328 K, composed of glucose, urea, and water in a 6:4:1 mass ratio. This study examines key dynamical processes, including translational motion, molecular reorientation, and hydrogen bond relaxation, with timescales ranging from a few picoseconds to a few nanoseconds. Characteristic times associated with the translational and the rotational motion increase with molecular size, i.e., water being the fastest and glucose the slowest. Jump length analysis shows that urea and glucose traverse fractions of their molecular diameters during jumps, suggesting gliding motion. We find that water molecules exhibit strong anisotropic reorientation, which is moderate for urea and nearly absent in the case of glucose molecules. Correlation analysis of analogous transport quantities among the constituents reveals that reorientation of the dipole axis is less coupled to the translational diffusion compared to the reorientation around the dipolar axis. Finally, we observe that hydrogen bond relaxation times for water and urea are highly dependent on the number of hydrogen bonds formed, while for glucose, the slower molecular motion influences its hydrogen-bond relaxation.
Transparent glass force plate with CrN strain gauges featuring a notch structure
Authors: Oda Ryo , Okamoto Yuki , Nakashima Rihachiro , Takei Yusuke , Takahashi Hidetoshi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Microforce plate is a powerful tool as force sensors in the field of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). These force plates can be used to quantitatively measure the minute insects’ ground reaction forces and microdroplets’ collision forces. During such measurements, there is often a demand specification for observing the interface between the object and the plate from the backside. However, transparent materials were not compatible with traditional MEMS force plate fabrication processes. Here, we propose a fabrication process for a transparent glass force plate by forming a notch structure on a glass substrate using chromium nitride (CrN) as a strain gauge. The force plate was designed as a 10 × 10 × 0.1 mm plate supported by beams on all four sides. The plate shape and groove formation were easily realized by applying a laser machining process to glass cutting. The force applied to the plate was measured using CrN strain gauges placed on a support beam. The fabricated force plate achieved a force resolution of less than 1 mN in the range of 100 mN. Additionally, the positional error across the entire plate was approximately ±10%. The proposed glass force plate is expected to be utilized in small-force measurements such as droplet collision observations, which require transparent plates for optical observation.
A flexible lightweight graphene-based all-dielectric metamaterial for broadband microwave absorption
Authors: Zhuang Haiyan , Guo Mengchao , Wang Jingjing , Wang Xiaokun , Wang Jiafu , Qu Shaobo , Tang Dongming , Zhang Baoshan , Yang Yi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
To meet the demanding requirements of practical microwave absorbers, such as broadband absorption, considerations must encompass thickness, flexibility, surface density, and manufacturing feasibility. However, absorbers that effectively address all of these aspects are currently scarce. This study introduces a novel graphene-based all-dielectric metamaterial absorber (ADMMA) featuring a trap-like structure, inspired by impedance alternation strategy. Leveraging the dielectric dispersion properties of graphene composites, this ADMMA strategically manipulates the effects of Spoof Surface Plasmon Polaritons, standing wave resonance and half-wave dipole resonance, allocating them to distinct frequency bands, thus achieving a thin-layer broadband absorber. Simulation results demonstrate that, under vertical incidence, the ADMMA achieves a −10 dB bandwidth from 8.1 to 23.1 GHz. A 3 mm-thick sample, with a surface density of merely 2.85 Kg m−2, is fabricated using a straightforward process, and reflectance test results closely align with simulation outcomes. Furthermore, it exhibits robust stability under oblique incidences for both TE and TM modes. This innovative approach effectively reduces surface density without compromising absorption performances, emphasizing the potential of the ADMMA for practical applications.
Characterisation and potential control of reactive species formation during cold atmospheric plasma medium activation
Authors: Moreau Maxime , Ghzaiel Imen , Perisse Frédéric , Sleiman Mohamad , Sarakha Mohamed , Charlet Karine , Menecier Sébastien 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has been studied for years in the context of cancer therapy, where it is efficient at inducing cell death. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), via oxidative stress, are reported to be responsible for the treatment effect, but the biological mechanisms involved are not fully understood. Cold plasma is very effective at producing RONS, but with very complex chemical kinetics, so in this study we propose to measure the concentrations of some species formed in the gas and aqueous phases to help understand the chemical interactions that could lead to an increase in the cancer treatment efficiency of cold plasma. An anticancer effect after exposure to CAP has been demonstrated on a prostate tumour cell line with both direct and indirect treatment. To determine RONS concentrations in both the gas and liquid phases, an experimental reactor was developed to allow different methods of analysis to be conducted in similar conditions and potentially simultaneously. In the gas phase, ozone and nitrogen oxides were evaluated and the influence of some physical parameters on their concentrations demonstrated using design of experiments. Nitrates, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen have been produced in pure water, but in culture medium a significant concentration has only been measured for hydrogen peroxide. The components of culture medium appeared to scavenge the most reactive species. Future investigations will look at other key species, the influence of physical parameters on production of RONS in the liquid phase and also adjustment of the medium composition to prevent scavenging.
Continuous prediction of multi-joint angles based on Informer model using novel fused features
Authors: Wan Renyu , Zhu Zina , Cui Guohua , Chen Saixuan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Continuous prediction of multi-joint angles based on surface electromyography (sEMG) has the potential to enhance the human-machine interaction performance. However, achieving accurate angle prediction remains a significant challenge during various motions. In this study, a method for extracting gait feature, named Gait-Time, is proposed, and different models for predicting multi-joint angles are established and compared, including Informer, gated recurrent unit, one-dimensional convolutional neural network, long short term memory (LSTM), as well as two hybrid models, LSTM-BP and LSTM-Attention. The results indicate that Informer model, utilizing left lower limb sEMG fused with Gait-Time features as input, outperforms the other mentioned models, demonstrating promising outcomes with the average correlation coefficient values exceeding 0.99 for all three joints. Furthermore, the mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) for the ankle and hip joints average below 1°, while for the knee joint, both the average MAE and RMSE fell within a range of 2°. It can be concluded that the accuracy of Informer model is adequate to support the continuous prediction of multi-joint angles in human motion scenarios.
Process planning of repairing and grinding for cylindrical parts based on surface defect detection
Authors: Yu Zichao , Fan Diqing , Sha Ling , Liu Xintian , Dai Yuxuan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
To realize the purpose of grinding and repairing surface defects in cylindrical parts, machine vision inspection technology and automatic grinding technology are integrated in this study. These technologies are combined to detect and repair defects in cylindrical parts using an automatic grinding and repair platform. For various defect types, the dynamic threshold extraction method is used, combined with the image difference method in the spatial and frequency domains through defect screening, sensor calibration and sub-pixel edge detection. The defect features are completely extracted and the defect size is determined to guide the polishing and repair platform to repair the surface defects of parts. A grinding path planning algorithm is proposed to solve the problem of the initial installation eccentricity of the workpiece, which can adjust the grinding wheel feed and grinding position. Finally, the experimental tests show that the designed automatic grinding repair system detects all defects without omission, and the average surface roughness of the cylindrical parts Ra is 3.17 μm after repair and polishing, which meets the grinding quality requirements.
MFD-UNet: a complex railway track boundary segmentation algorithm for drone vision based on multi-scale fusion and deformable pyramid blocks
Authors: Weng Yanbin , Xiang Hui , Chen Xiahu , Zhang Changfan , Jia Lin , Chen Fukang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Segmenting railway tracks from aerial imagery is critical in producing electronic railway maps. To address the challenges of railway track extraction from complex aerial imagery, this paper proposes an algorithm for complex railway track boundary segmentation Algorithm from complex aerial imagery based on MFD-UNet (Multi-scale attention Fusion and Deformable pyramid UNet). Firstly, we proposed a parallel deformable convolutional pyramid residual downsampling module. This module integrates deformable convolution with fixed convolution, dynamically adjusting the receptive field by learning offset values, and enhances the extraction of information at different scales by refining the residual blocks based on a pyramid structure. Secondly, a multi-scale attention fusion module is proposed in the skip connection part to integrate adjacent feature layers and reduce semantic differences. Additionally, a multi-layer optimized cross-entropy loss function is integrated into the decoder to enhance the model’s perception of information at various scales. Experimental results show that our algorithm can effectively segment railway tracks on both our self-built railway dataset and the Deep Globe dataset. Compared to the benchmark model, it has improved by 3.19% and 4.51% respectively, and the accuracy has also increased by 2.38% and 2.95%, achieving a good visual effect.
Evaluating the students’ learning on the electricity and magnetism using a conceptual survey BEMA
Authors: Koca Nazife Ozdes , Al Saqri Noor alhuda , Al Hamrashdi Hajir , Kindi Noor Al 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this work we evaluated the performance of first-year students of the College of Science and the College of Engineering at Sultan Qaboos University (SQU), Oman on the concepts of electricity and magnetism using the Brief Electricity and Magnetism Assessment (BEMA). The BEMA pre-test and post-test were implemented at the beginning of semester and toward the end of the semester respectively. We investigated the correlation between pre-test and post-test BEMA scores to offer a deeper insight into the students’ understanding of concepts. This study also examined the gain in individual subtopics and compared the BEMA results with the students’ final course grades. The findings indicate that students perform better on questions related to electostatics, struggle more with those related to magnetostatic and have significant difficulties with Faraday’s law. Additionally, a gender-based analysis was conducted, revealing no statistical difference in performance between male and female students.
Experimental measurement of mean transition path velocities of colloidal particles surmounting energy barriers
Authors: Ferrer Brandon R , Gomez-Solano Juan Ruben 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Transition paths are rare events occurring when a system, thanks to the effect of fluctuations, crosses successfully from one stable state to another by surmounting an energy barrier. Even though they are of great significance in many mesoscale processes, their direct determination is often challenging due to their short duration as compared to other relevant time-scales of the system. Here, we measure the local average velocity along one-dimensional transition paths of a colloidal bead embedded in a glycerol/water mixture that hops over a barrier separating two optical potential wells. Owing to the slow dynamics of the bead in this viscous medium, we can spatially resolve the mean velocity profiles of the transition paths for distinct potentials, which agree with theoretical predictions of a one-dimensional model for the motion of a Brownian particle traversing a parabolic barrier. This allows us to experimentally verify various expressions linking the behavior of such mean velocities with equilibrium and transition path position distributions, mean transition-path times and mean escape times from the wells. We also show that artifacts in the mean velocity profiles arise when reducing the experimental time resolution, thus highlighting the importance of the sampling rate in the characterization of the transition path dynamics. Our results confirm that the mean transition path velocity establishes a fundamental relationship between mean transition path times and equilibrium rates in thermally activated processes of small-scaled systems.
A 400 Gbit Ethernet Core Enabling High Data Rate Streaming from FPGAs to Servers and GPUs in Radio Astronomy
Authors: Liu Wei , Burnett Mitchell C. , Werthimer Dan , Kocz Jonathon 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The increased bandwidth coupled with the large numbers of antennas of several new radio telescope arrays has resulted in an exponential increase in the amount of data that needs to be recorded and processed. In many cases, it is necessary to process this data in real time, as the raw data volumes are too high to be recorded and stored. Due to the ability of GPUs to process data in parallel, GPUs are increasingly used for data-intensive tasks. In most radio astronomy digital instrumentation (e.g., correlators for spectral imaging, beamforming, pulsar, fast radio burst and SETI searching), the processing power of modern GPUs is limited by the input/output data rate, not by the GPU's computation ability. Techniques for streaming ultra-high-rate data to GPUs, such as those described in this paper, reduce the number of GPUs and servers needed, and make significant reductions in the cost, power consumption, size, and complexity of GPU based radio astronomy backends. In this research, we developed and tested several different techniques to stream data from network interface cards (NICs) to GPUs. We also developed an open-source UDP/IPv4 400 GbE wrapper for the AMD/Xilinx IP demonstrating high-speed data stream transfer from a field programmable gate array (FPGA) to GPU.
Research on hidden methods for sensitive targets in remote sensing images
Authors: Tang Maolin , Hou Xiang , Zhang Xueyang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A digital watermarking hiding and restoration algorithm based on discrete wavelet transform is proposed to solve the problem of needing to hide some sensitive targets in remote sensing images from unauthorized users and restore them for authorized users. First, the sensitive target areas in the original remote sensing image are segmented and extracted. Then, based on the texture features of the surrounding area of the segmented region, a grayscale filling operation is performed on the blank area left after extraction, thus generating a pseudo-carrier image. The extracted sensitive target image is then embedded as a watermark into the low-frequency region of the pseudo-carrier image, generating a pseudo-carrier image that hides the sensitive target. The extraction of the sensitive target does not require the original image information, achieving blind extraction. The transparency after watermark embedding is shown to be good by the algorithm. It is also demonstrated that the algorithm possesses robustness against some conventional attacks.
Design of single-phase shifted full-bridge inverter voltage regulation system based on voltage-controlled closed-loop control and LLC resonant network
Authors: Wu Xueying , Wang Haisheng , Li He , Lv Chaoyuan , Feng Qichang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The phase-shifted full-bridge inverter is widely used in the field of power electronics technology, aiming to achieve precise regulation of the output voltage and improve the stability and efficiency of the power system. This paper proposes a single-phase phase-shift full-bridge inverter voltage regulation system and its parameter design method based on the LLC resonant network. Combined with voltage-controlled closed-loop control and APFC technology, the working mode of the system circuit is analyzed, and the system parameters are designed. The system simulation model is built in MATLAB/Simulink. The constant voltage output of the system is realized, the power factor is greater than 96%, and the relative error of the output voltage change is less than 2%.
Single-pixel orbital angular momentum detection in the temporal domain
Authors: Badavath Purnesh Singh , Kumar Vijay 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Orbital angular momentum (OAM) beam’s spatial information captured using a camera, employs millions of single-pixel detectors arranged in a two-dimensional matrix. Poses challenges in OAM detection due to significant storage requirements, reduced speed due to low frame rate, and increased post-processing time. To address this bottleneck, a novel OAM detection technique utilizing only a diffuser and a single-pixel fast photodiode (FPD) is reported. The sixteen OAM beams,

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interact with the rotating diffuser resulting in a temporally varying speckle field. The 1D temporal speckle information (TSI) has been segregated from the temporally varying 2D speckle pattern images for each beam. The segregated 1D TSI has been classified by employing a machine learning model and achieved a classification accuracy of 97.1% and 97.3% on simulated and experimental data respectively. To further validate the proposed single-pixel OAM detection method, the 1D TSI is captured directly using a FPD. The experimentally captured 1D TSI captured via photodiode has been classified by a lightweight custom-designed 1D convolutional neural network and achieved an increased classification accuracy of 96%. This approach redefines OAM detection, operating in the temporal domain with a single-pixel FPD, thereby significantly reducing storage and computational costs while promising high-speed OAM detection.
Thermoelectric performance enhancement of Mg2Si-based silicides synthesized in nitrogen atmosphere
Authors: Solco Samantha Faye Duran , Saglik Kivanc , Zhang Danwei , Tan Xian Yi , Zhu Qiang , Liu Hongfei , Suwardi Ady , Cao Jing 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this work, we compare the thermoelectric performance of Mg2Si-based compounds by synthesizing them in N2 compared to Ar atmosphere during ball milling. In addition, we achieved high thermoelectric performance by introducing Sn-alloying as well as Zn- and Bi-co doping. The high performance originated from simultaneous improvement in electrical conductivity and reduced thermal conductivity. This results in peak zT near 1.0 at 760 K for Mg1.9925Zn0.0075Si0.48Sn0.5Bi0.02. Owing to the much lower cost (higher abundance) of N2 compared to Ar owing to their much higher relative abundance, such processing strategy is expected to improve sustainability. Furthermore, the insights derived from this work can potentially be applied to other compounds containing Mg- and other reactive elements. Fundamentally, this result will also motivate further studies on the intrinsic defect formation in N2 vs Ar atmosphere, which affects both electronic and thermal transports.
Enhancing orthopedic infection control: carbon scaffold-mediated phage therapy for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in fracture-related infections
Authors: Arens Daniel K , Rodriguez Annette R , Huh Eun Y , Wang Heuy-Ching Hetty , Burdette Alexander J , Hwang Yoon Y 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Fracture-related infections are burdensome conditions that affect both a patient’s health and financial well-being. Preventing an infection and stabilizing the fracture are critical aspects in a care plan that rely on antibiotics and orthopedic implants, both which need to be improved. Bacteriophage or phage are viruses that specifically kill bacteria and are a promising alternative/companion to antibiotics while enhanced orthopedic implants that are osteoinductive and biodegradable are needed for bone healing. In this work we report the inhibitory effectiveness of three phages Ø K, Ø 0146, and Ø 104023 alone and in combination against a strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Single phage and cocktails were mixed with bacteria at multiplicities of infection of 5 and 2.5 and growth was measured using optical density over 48 h. Ø K alone and Ø K + Ø 0146 were able to completely inhibit bacterial growth. We also present and the ability of Ø K to bind to and be released from a biodegradable and biocompatible orthopedic carbon scaffold. The carbon scaffold was soaked in a solution of Ø K, washed, and then incubated in sequential buffer baths while samples were removed at timepoints up to seven days to calculate phage elution. At every timepoint measured including seven days, phages were found to still be eluting from the scaffold. These results indicate that the studied phages are effective bacterial inhibitors and could be used to prevent infections. Furthermore, orthopedic implants such as a carbon scaffold can be coated with phage to provide long-term protection. In vivo infection experiments on phage loaded scaffold that test bacterial clearance, phage persistence in tissue, resolution of inflammation, and bone regrowth with an active infection are needed to further this work.