bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body Structure, Function, Activity, and Participation in 3- to 6-Year-Old Children Born Very Preterm: An ICF-Based Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: FitzGerald Tara L , Kwong Amanda K L , Cheong Jeanie L Y , McGinley Jennifer L , Doyle Lex W , Spittle Alicia J 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background
The World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health framework, Children and Youth Version (ICF-CY), provides a valuable method of conceptualizing the multidomain difficulties experienced by children born very preterm (VP). Reviews investigating motor outcomes at preschool age across ICF-CY domains are lacking.

Purpose
The purpose of this review is to identify and compare motor outcomes of 3- to 6-year-old children born VP and children born full-term (FT) within the ICF-CY framework.

Data Sources
Four electronic databases and reference lists of included and key articles were searched.

Study Selection
Studies comparing motor outcomes of 3- to 6-year-old children born VP (&lt;32 weeks’ gestation or birth weight &lt;1500 g) with peers born FT were included.

Data Extraction
Two independent authors extracted data and completed quality assessments.

Data Synthesis
Thirty-six studies were included. Activity motor performance of children born VP was consistently poorer compared with peers born FT: standardized mean difference (SMD) was –0.71 (95% CI = –0.80 to –0.61; 14 studies, 2056 participants). Furthermore, children born VP had higher relative risk (RR) of motor impairment (RR = 3.39; 95% CI = 2.68 to 4.27; 9 studies, 3466 participants). Body structure and function outcomes were largely unable to be pooled because assessment tools varied too widely. However, children born VP had higher RR of any neurological dysfunction (Touwen Neurological Examination) (RR = 4.55; 95% CI = 1.20 to 17.17; 3 studies, 1363 participants). There were no participation outcome data.

Limitations
Limitations include the lack of consistent assessment tools used in VP follow-up at preschool age and the quality of the evidence.

Conclusions
Children born VP experience significant motor impairment across ICF-CY activity and body structure and function domains at preschool age compared with peers born FT. Evidence investigating participation in VP preschool-age populations relative to children born at term is sparse, requiring further research.
Phytobiomes Contribute to Climate Processes that Regulate Temperature, Wind, Cloud Cover, and Precipitation
Authors: Morris Cindy E. 
Published: April 2018

In the management of plant health, climate and weather can be perceived as variables of the abiotic environment to which plants, and their associated biota, are passively subjected. However, research on Earth systems is now revealing how weather and climate can be markedly influenced by land use and by the types and extent of vegetation in particular. Plant-associated biota can alter the properties of vegetation that underlie the mechanisms by which it influences weather and climate. Therefore, it is important to consider the extent to which phytobiomes could impact climate and weather and the potential consequences for plant health and production and for processes that possibly exacerbate or modulate climate change. This commentary will illustrate how the exchange of mass and energy between the atmosphere and land cover modulates temperature, winds, cloud formation and precipitation at local, regional and even greater scales and the role of plants and their associated biota in these effects. Via these exchanges, phytobiomes contribute to the climatic and weather variations to which they are in turn subjected. This argues for an expanded perspective of phytobiomes that considers their role in Earth system processes and that integrates knowledge of land-atmosphere feedbacks into the management practices of crops and other vegetation. This knowledge will contribute to a vision of how management of the biophysical setting of crop cultivation could leverage environmental conditions locally and regionally.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ Is Tightly Associated with Carrot Yellows Symptoms in Israel and Transmitted by the Prevalent Psyllid Vector Bactericera trigonica
Authors: Mawassi M. , Dror O. , Bar-Joseph M. , Piasezky A. , Sjölund J. M. , Levitzky N. , Shoshana N. , Meslenin L. , Haviv S. , Porat C. , Katsir L. , Kontsedalov S. , Ghanim M. , Zelinger-Reichert E. , Arnsdorf Y. M. , Gera A. , Bahar O. 
Published: April 2018

Carrot yellows disease has been associated for many years with the Gram-positive, insect-vectored bacteria, ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma’ and Spiroplasma citri. However, reports in the last decade also link carrot yellows symptoms with a different, Gram-negative, insect-vectored bacterium, ‘Ca. Liberibacter solanacearum’. Our study shows that to date ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ is tightly associated with carrot yellows symptoms across Israel. The genetic variant found in Israel is most similar to haplotype D, found around the Mediterranean Basin. We further show that the psyllid vector of ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’, Bactericera trigonica, is highly abundant in Israel and is an efficient vector for this pathogen. A survey conducted comparing conventional and organic carrot fields showed a marked reduction in psyllid numbers and disease incidence in the field practicing chemical control. Fluorescent in situ hybridization and scanning electron microscopy analyses further support the association of ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ with disease symptoms and show that the pathogen is located in phloem sieve elements. Seed transmission experiments revealed that while approximately 30% of the tested carrot seed lots are positive for ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’, disease transmission was not observed. Possible scenarios that may have led to the change in association of the disease etiological agent with carrot yellows are discussed. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Two-Point Method for Measuring the Temporal Modulation Transfer Function
Authors: Morimoto Takashi , Irino Toshio , Harada Kouta , Nakaichi Takeshi , Okamoto Yasuhide , Kanno Ayako , Kanzaki Sho , Ogawa Kaoru 
Published: April 2018

Objective:
The temporal modulation transfer function (TMTF) has been proposed to estimate the temporal resolution abilities of listeners with normal hearing and listeners with hearing loss. The TMTF data of patients would be useful for clinical diagnosis and for adjusting the hearing instruments at clinical and fitting sites. However, practical application is precluded by the long measurement time of the conventional method, which requires several measurement points. This article presents a new method to measure the TMTF that requires only two measurement points.

Design:
Experiments were performed to estimate the TMTF of normal listeners and listeners with hearing loss to demonstrate that the two-point method can estimate the TMTF parameter and the conventional method. Sixteen normal hearing and 21 subjects with hearing loss participated, and the difference between the estimated TMTF parameters and measurement time were compared.

Results:
The TMTF parameters (the peak sensitivity L
ps and cutoff frequency f
cutoff) estimated by the conventional and two-point methods showed significantly high correlations: the correlation coefficient for L
ps was 0.91 (t(45) = 14.3; p < 10−10) and that for f
cutoff was 0.89 (t(45) = 13.2; p < 10−10). There were no fixed and proportional biases. Therefore, the estimated values were in good agreement. Moreover, there was no systematic bias depending on the subject’s profile. The measurement time of the two-point method was approximately 10 min, which is approximately one-third that of the conventional method.

Conclusion:
The two-point method enables the introduction of TMTF measurement in clinical diagnosis.
Surgical Treatment of Venous Malformations of the Knee: Treatment Outcomes for 35 Patients
Authors: Laurian Claude , Masonni Claudine , Wassef Michel , Houdart Emmanuel , Toni Francesca , Marteau Veronique , Paraskevas Nikos , Lenck Stephanie , Bisdorff Annouk 
Published: April 2018

Background:
The place of open surgery in venous malformations (VMs) of knee joint is still discussed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefits of surgery in terms of pain, function, and quality of life.

Design:
This was a retrospective observational study.

Methods:
Thirty-five consecutive young patients undergoing surgery for VMs of the knee between 2011 and 2014 were included. Data collection was performed using a prospective database by reviewing patient records. Pain, mobility of the joint, residual VMs as seen by magnetic resonance imaging, and quality of life were the main outcome endpoints for this study.

Results:
Thirty-five patients (22 females and 13 males, with a median age of 15 y, range of 5 to 20 y) were included. Twenty-seven VMs were localized in and around the knee joint, of which 8 were extensive. Indication for surgery was intermittent or permanent pain.
Details of the surgical excisions of the VM are as follows: suprapatellar area in 57%, suprapatellar and infrapatellar area in 29%, infrapatellar area in 2%, limited in the femoropatellar area in 12%. Partial resection of a vastus muscle or patellar retinaculum was necessary for 19 patients.
The median duration of the surgery was 4 hours (range: 2 to 7 h). The median hospital stay was 5 days; full-time physiotherapy was systematic for 2 to 3 weeks.
After 6 months, 74% had no longer pain, the mobility of the joint was normal for 60%. Of the 33 patients who had a magnetic resonance imaging at 6 months, 86% (28 patients) had no residual intra-articular VMs, and 14% had focal residual VMs.
At the last follow-up, 77% (27 patients) had no longer pain, 23% experienced intermittent pain with unusual activities, and 91% (32 patients) had normal mobility of the joint. Quality of life was increased significantly due to the pronounced impact on pain.

Conclusion:
Extensive surgical excision of knee VMs is a safe procedure with good outcomes in terms of pain, function, and quality of life.

Level of Evidence:
Level II—retrospective observational monocentric study.
Juvenile Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Trochlea: A Cohort Study of 34 Trochlear Lesions Associated With Sporting Activities That Load the Patellofemoral Joint
Authors: Price Meghan J. , Tuca Maria , Nguyen Joseph , Silberman Jason , Luderowski Eva , Uppstrom Tyler J. , Green Daniel W. 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Juvenile osteochondritis dissecans (JOCD) lesions are rarely located in the trochlea and few studies have focused on the causes and outcomes of JOCD lesions in this part of the knee. The purpose of this study is to (1) evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients who undergo surgery for JOCD in this unusual location as well as (2) assess the association between trochlear JOCD and participation in sporting activities that load the patellofemoral joint.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 34 trochlear JOCD lesions in 30 patients. Cases that involved traumatic cartilage shear or patella instability were excluded. Preoperative and postoperative magnetic resonance images and x-rays were evaluated and demographic data, sports played, comorbidities, surgical procedures, and clinical data were extracted from medical records. A case-control cohort of 102 femoral condyle lesions was used to assess the correlation between sports played and lesion location.

Results:
The cohort comprised 34 consecutive trochlear JOCD lesions in 30 patients (26 males, 4 females). Average age at surgery was 13.8 years (9.3 to 18.0 y). In total, 27 (90%) patients were active, and of these active patients, soccer and basketball were the most common sports played. In the case-control comparison, the correlation between playing either basketball or soccer and the presence of a trochlear JOCD lesion was statistically significant (P=0.017). In total, 21 knees (62%) received operative treatment. Sixteen of the surgical patients underwent repair and fixation with bioabsorbable nails. The average length of clinical and radiographic follow-up was 21.1 months. All patients who underwent fixation showed radiographic and/or clinical indications of healing at most recent follow-up. Thirteen of the patients who underwent fixation were active, and all of these patients reported successful return to sports. Thirteen knees underwent nonoperative treatment, and the majority of these patients had limited follow-up.

Conclusions:
We report a significant association between pediatric athletes who play basketball and soccer and the development of trochlear JOCD, suggesting that repetitive loading of the patellofemoral joint may play a role in the development of JOCD lesions. Patients with trochlear JOCD lesions were likely to undergo surgery, and repair and fixation of the lesions produced good outcomes at short-term follow-up.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—case-control study.
C2 Translaminar Screw Fixation in Children
Authors: Yang Brian W. , Glotzbecker Michael P. , Troy Michael , Proctor Mark R. , Hresko Michael T. , Hedequist Daniel J. 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Axis (C2) screw fixation has been shown to be effective in treating disorders that necessitate cervical stabilization. Although translaminar C2 screws have demonstrated clinical efficacy in adults, this technique has not yet been thoroughly investigated in children. This study describes the indications, technique, and results of translaminar C2 screw fixation in a case series of pediatric cervical spine disorders.

Methods:
We searched the orthopaedic database at our institution for patients who had undergone a cervical spinal fusion that encompassed C2 between 2007 and 2017. Operative records were reviewed to determine if C2 screw fixation was performed and, if so, the type of C2 screw fixation. Clinical data with regard to patient age at surgery, diagnosis, procedure details, intraoperative complications, and postoperative complications were recorded. Preoperative and postoperative computer tomographic scans were reviewed to determine laminar measurements and containment, respectively.

Results:
In total, 39 C2 translaminar screws were placed in 23 patients that met our inclusion criteria. The mean age was 12.6 years (range, 5.2 to 17.8 y) with a mean of 2 levels fused (range, 1 to 6). Diagnoses included 7 patients with instability related to skeletal dysplasia, 6 os odontoideum, 4 congenital deformities, 3 basilar invaginations, 2 cervical spine tumors, and 1 fracture. Indications for C2 translaminar screws included 14 cases with distorted anatomy favoring C2 translaminar screws, 6 cases without explicit reasoning for translaminar screw usage in the patient records, and 3 cases with intraoperative vertebral artery injury (1 sacrificed secondary to tumor load and 2 others injured during exposure because of anomalous anatomy). The vertebral artery injuries were not due to placement of any instrumentation. There were no screw-related intraoperative or postoperative complications and no neurological injuries. All patients demonstrated clinical union or healing on follow-up with no episodes of nonunion.

Conclusions:
Translaminar C2 screw fixation can be reliably used in the pediatric population. Our series contained no screw-related complications, no neurological injuries, and all patients demonstrated clinical union or healing.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—Case series.
Health-related Quality of Life and Body Image Disturbance of Adolescents With Severe Untreated Idiopathic Early-onset Scoliosis in a Developing Country
Authors: Soliman Hany Abdel Gawwad 
Published: April 2018

Study Design.
A cross-sectional study.

Objective.
This study aimed to investigate the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and body image disturbance of adolescents with untreated severe idiopathic early-onset scoliosis (IEOS) in a developing country.

Summary of Background Data.
IEOS has the potential to progress rapidly and may lead to significant disability if left untreated. Moreover, it can lead to significant body image changes that may lead to social and psychological stresses on developing adolescents. In developing countries, untreated severe IEOS among adolescents is common.

Methods.
The Scoliosis Research Society 22 revision (SRS-22r) Arabic version questionnaire and Body Image Disturbance Questionnaire-Scoliosis version (BIDQ-S) were used to investigate the HRQOL and body image disturbance of these patients.

Results.
A total of 137 patients with untreated severe IEOS (mean age, 15.5 years; range, 12–21 years) were included: group 1 (76 patients) with major curve angles of 90° to 120°, group 2 (61 patients) with major curve angles above 120°, and group 3 comprising 50 healthy controls were used for comparison. No significant differences were found regarding age, sex, and body mass index among the groups. Group 1 had significantly lower scores than group 3 in all SRS-22r domains (P < 0.001). Group 2 had significantly lower scores than group 1 in all SRS-22r domains, except for satisfaction (P < 0.005); the satisfaction domain had 100% worst answers in groups 1 and 2. Group 2 had worse scores than group 1 in all BIDQ-S questions (P < 0.001). No significant differences were found between males and females in all SRS-22r domains and BIDQ-S questions (P > 0.05). Further, 13% to 100% and 25% to 71% of the patients provided the worst answers to the SRS-22r and BIDQ-S questions, respectively.

Conclusion.
The HRQOL and body image of the adolescents with untreated severe IEOS in a developing country were severely impaired.

Level of Evidence: 3
Determinants of Parent Satisfaction with Emergency or Urgent Care When the Patient Has Autism
Authors: Kirsch Sarah F. , Meryash David L. , González-Arévalo Bárbara 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT:Objective:The purpose of this study was to identify factors that predict parent satisfaction (PS) with their child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)’s visit to a hospital emergency department (ED) or urgent care (UC) center.Methods:Parents recruited through a national database whose child (3–21 years; N = 378) with ASD had been treated in an ED/UC center within the previous 3 years completed an anonymous on-line questionnaire. They answered questions about whether they were satisfied overall with the visit and the care provided, their demographics, patient characteristics, their expectations and preparation for the visit, and the ED/UC center experience itself, including their observations of staff interpersonal and communication skills (ICSs) and behaviors, and whether the patient was disruptive (D). Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) was used to demonstrate the relative effects of individual variables on PS.Results:Among the 10 most important determinants of PS with the visit were the 9 assessed staff ICS behaviors. These were followed by shorter than expected waiting time and the patient not being disruptive (ND) during the visit. PS was not associated with any of the 3 measures of patient disability severity (ASD subtype, communicative competence, or restrictiveness of educational placement), whether the patient is hyperreactive to sensory stimuli, reason for the visit, or parent's education.Conclusion:PS with an ED/UC center visit when the patient has autism depends mostly on the quality of staff interactions with the patient and family. It is important for ED/UC center administrators to ensure that staff understand how to interact and communicate effectively with patients with ASD and their families.
The Rectal Cancer Female Sexuality Score: Development and Validation of a Scoring System for Female Sexual Function After Rectal Cancer Surgery
Authors: Thyø Anne , Emmertsen Katrine J. , Laurberg Søren 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND:
Sexual dysfunction and impaired quality of life is a potential side effect to rectal cancer treatment.

OBJECTIVE:
The objective of this study was to develop and validate a simple scoring system intended to evaluate sexual function in women treated for rectal cancer.

DESIGN:
This is a population-based cross-sectional study.

SETTINGS:
Female patients diagnosed with rectal cancer between 2001 and 2014 were identified by using the Danish Colorectal Cancer Group’s database. Participants filled in the validated Sexual Function Vaginal Changes questionnaire. Women declared to be sexually active at follow-up were randomly assigned to 2 groups: one for development and one for validation. Logistic regression analyses identified items for the score, and multivariate analysis established a weighted-score value allocated to each item, adding up to the total score. The validity of the score was tested in the validation group.

PATIENTS:
Female patients with rectal cancer above the age of 18 who underwent abdominoperineal resection, Hartmann procedure, or total/partial mesorectal excision were selected.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
The primary outcome measured was the quality of life that was negatively affected because of sexual problems.

RESULTS:
A total of 466 sexually active women responded. The score includes 7 items with a range of 0 to 29 points. Score ≥9 indicates sexual dysfunction. The score has a sensitivity/specificity of 76%/75% detecting patients bothered by sexual dysfunction with a negative impact on quality of life.

LIMITATIONS:
This study was limited by the large amount of nonresponders.

CONCLUSIONS:
Living up to our demands for a short and easy-to-use validated tool, we have developed the Rectal Cancer Female Sexuality score. It captures, with high sensitivity, the essential problems of female sexuality seen from the perspective of a surviving rectal cancer patient. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A576.
Effects of 1,540-nm Fractional Nonablative Erbium and 2,940-nm Fractional Ablative Erbium on p53 Epidermal Expression After 3 months: A Split-Face Interventional Study
Authors: Borges Juliano , Araújo Luciana , de Oliveira Rodrigo P.B. , Manela-Azulay Monica 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND
Expression of p53 by keratinocytes may be important in the pathogenesis of skin cancer induced by ultraviolet light.

OBJECTIVE
We used side-by-side nonablative and ablative erbium fractional laser resurfacing to assess the effects on expression of p53 by facial keratinocytes.

METHODS
Ten female patients (age range, 50–63 years) with Fitzpatrick skin Types I–IV and clinical signs of photoaging underwent erbium fractional laser resurfacing (nonablative, 1,540-nm; ablative, 2,940-nm) on opposite sides of the face. Skin biopsies were obtained before treatment and 3 months after treatment for comparison with control biopsies of face and inner arm, quantifying p53 in immunostained tissue sections.

RESULTS
Only ablative (2,940-nm) treatments produced a statistically significant reduction in p53 scoring after 3 months. The histologic appearance of skin after ablative resurfacing more closely resembled inner arm skin (rather than facial skin) of control subjects.

CONCLUSION
Epidermal repopulation with p53-negative keratinocytes through ablative erbium fractional laser resurfacing may diminish the risk of eventual malignancy in photoaged skin.