bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topologically optimized axle carrier for Formula Student produced by selective laser melting
Authors: Vaverka Ondřej , Koutny Daniel , Palousek David 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to present the design process, manufacturing and testing of a prototype of an axle carrier for Formula Student race car. The axle carrier is topologically optimized and additively manufactured using selective laser melting (SLM).

Design/methodology/approach
The shape of the axle carrier was created in three design stages using topology optimization and four additional design stages based on finite element calculations and experimental testing. Topology optimization was performed on the basis of relevant load cases. The sixth design stage was manufactured by SLM and then tested on a loading device together with photogrammetry measurement to obtain the real deformation. Measured deformations were compared with deformation calculated by the finite element method (FEM), verified and experiences used in the last design stage.

Findings
An additively manufactured axle carrier has a minimal safety factor of 1.2 according to experimental testing. The weight and maximal deformations are comparable with the milled part, although the material has about 50 per cent worse yield strength. The topologically optimized axle carrier proved big potential in the effective distribution of material and the improvement of toughness.

Practical implications
This paper helps the Formula Student team to enhance the driving performance while keeping low weight. It also improves further development and upgrading of the race car.

Originality/value
The whole design of the topologically optimized part was investigated – from estimation of the loads to experimental verification of FEM analysis on real part.
How logistics capabilities offered by retailers influence millennials’ online purchasing attitudes and intentions
Authors: Riley Jason M. , Klein Richard 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to understand consumers’ use of online retail channels. This study examines how tracking capabilities, delivery speed, trust, logistics carriers’ reputation, people important to the consumer and online reviews influence Millennials’ online purchasing attitudes and intentions.

Design/methodology/approach
A survey was administered to 321 Millennials. Subsequently, it was used to test both direct and indirect hypotheses using structural equation modeling techniques.

Findings
The study determined that tracking capabilities, trust, people important to the consumer and online reviews directly influence online purchase attitude and by extension intention formation. The results also revealed that logistics carrier reputation moderates the trust to online purchase attitude linkage.

Research limitations/implications
This work improves the explanatory power of the theory of reasoned action by linking logistics factors to online shopping behavior. Further, it provides insight into the moderating influence of logistics carriers’ reputation.

Practical implications
For retailers, the results provide information on how to better develop ecommerce service offerings. By providing information about logistics services and capabilities during the ecommerce transaction, retailers can improve the chance that consumers will complete online purchases.

Originality/value
This research fills a gap in the literature regarding how to influence millennial consumers. Moreover, findings strengthen the understanding of online-purchasing attitudes and intentions formation, important to retailers developing new online shopping platforms and technologies.
Repeated evolution of bacteriocytes in lygaeoid stinkbugs
Authors: Kuechler Stefan Martin , Fukatsu Takema , Matsuura Yu 
Published: October 2019

SummaryHost–microbe symbioses often evolved highly complex developmental processes and colonization mechanisms for establishment of stable associations. It has long been recognized that many insects harbour beneficial bacteria inside specific symbiotic cells (bacteriocytes) or organs (bacteriomes). However, the evolutionary origin and mechanisms underlying bacterial colonization in bacteriocyte/bacteriome formation have been poorly understood. In order to uncover the origin of such evolutionary novelties, we studied the development of symbiotic organs in five stinkbug species representing the superfamily Lygaeoidea in which diverse bacteriocyte/bacteriome systems have evolved. We tracked the symbiont movement within the eggs during the embryonic development and determined crucial stages at which symbiont infection and bacteriocyte formation occur, using whole‐mount fluorescence in situ hybridization. In summary, three distinct developmental patterns were observed: two different modes of symbiont transfer from initial symbiont cluster (symbiont ball) to presumptive bacteriocytes in the embryonic abdomen, and direct incorporation of the symbiont ball without translocation of bacterial cells. Across the host taxa, only closely related species seemed to have evolved relatively conserved types of bacteriome development, suggesting repeated evolution of host symbiotic cells and organs from multiple independent origins.
Reinforcing medical authority: clinical ethics consultation and the resolution of conflicts in treatment decisions
Authors: Hauschildt Katrina , De Vries Raymond 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDespite substantial efforts in the past 15 years to professionalise the field of clinical ethics consultation, sociologists have not re‐examined past hypotheses about the role of such services in medical decision‐making and their effect on physician authority. In relation to those hypotheses, we explore two questions: (i) What kinds of issues does ethics consultation resolve? and (ii) what is the nature of the resolution afforded by these consults? We examined ethics consultation records created between 2011 and mid‐2015 at a large tertiary care US hospital and found that in most cases, the problems addressed are not novel ethical dilemmas as classically conceived, but are instead disagreements between clinicians and patients or their surrogates about treatment. The resolution offered by a typical ethics consultation involves strategies to improve communication rather than the parsing of ethical obligations. In cases where disagreements persist, the proposed solution is most often based on technical clinical judgements, reinforcing the role of physician authority in patient care and the ethical decisions made about that care.
Effect of Dietary Red Meat on Colorectal Cancer Risk—A Review
Authors: Hur Sun Jin , Yoon Yohan , Jo Cheorun , Jeong Jong Youn , Lee Keun Taik 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHeme iron overload has been implicated as the main cause of the increased risk of cancer due to the consumption of red meat. However, fish and shellfish, teas, and spices contain up to five times more iron than red meat. There is insufficient evidence that iron intake in dietary red meat is the primary causal factor for colorectal cancer. In addition, harmful substances produced during the preparation of red meat, including heterocyclic amines (HCAs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), N‐nitroso compounds, and acrylamide, are extrinsic factors that increase carcinogenicity. HCAs are produced during the cooking of red meat, poultry meat, and fish. PAHs may also be produced during the cooking of diverse food groups, such as dairy products, fruits, vegetables, and cereals. The average daily intake of red meat among Korean individuals is 62 g; the amount of PAHs entering the body via red meat is less than the average amount of PAHs the body is exposed to in the air. Therefore, it is difficult to conclude that dietary red meat is the main cause of colorectal cancer. Rather, there may be an intricate influence of multiple factors, including fruit and vegetable intake, alcohol consumption, smoking, overweight, obesity, and stress.
Mouth Width and Cupid’s Bow Estimation in a Southern African Population
Authors: Houlton Tobias M. R. , Jooste Nicolene , Steyn Maryna 
Published: October 2019

AbstractStandards for estimating mouth width and Cupid’s bow width in craniofacial approximation and superimposition are limited. Currently, the only guideline for mouth width, using direct skeletal references, is a general rule indicating a 75% inter‐canine to mouth width ratio. The philtrum, which closely corresponds to the Cupid’s bow, is said to be equal to the inter‐superior prominences of the maxillary central incisors. This study tested these guidelines against newly generated regression models and mean values. Cone‐beam CT scans of 120 black and 39 white southern African adults were used. Comparative hard and soft tissue measurements were taken using a 3D DICOM viewer. Regression equations accounting population, sex, and approximate age variables (20–39 and 40+ years), utilizing maxillary inter‐canine width to estimate mouth width and maxillary central–lateral incisor junction width to estimate Cupid’s bow width, performed statistically best. The regression models were more reliable than existing standards in validation tests.
The Unusual Victim: Understanding the Specific Crime Processes and Motivations for Elderly Sexual Homicide
Authors: Chopin Julien , Beauregard Eric 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSexual homicides involving elderly victims are rare and unusual crimes, and research specifically focusing on these homicides is almost inexistent. The current study investigates the crime commission process as well as the motivations underlying elderly sexual homicides. The sample comes from the Sexual Homicide International Database (SHIelD) including sexual homicide cases from Canada and France. A total of 56 cases involving victims aged 65 years or more were compared with 513 cases involving victims aged between 16 and 45 years old. Bivariate analyses and two‐step cluster analysis are performed. Findings show major differences in the crime commission process of the two groups of offenders. We also identified a four‐cluster typology of elderly sexual homicide offenders based on their motivations (sexual, robber, sadistic, experimental). Although sexual homicides involving elderly victims are rare, these crimes are different, presenting specificities and should be studied as a group on its own.
Impact of the primary contact physiotherapy practitioner role on emergency department care for patients with musculoskeletal injuries in New South Wales
Authors: Alkhouri Hatem , Maka Katherine , Wong Lilian , McCarthy Sally 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the impact of the emergency physiotherapy service provided through different models of care on service quality indicators, patient flow, staff and patient satisfaction.MethodA mixed method prospective observation study was conducted between September 2014 and April 2015 in 19 EDs where a physiotherapy service is provided.ResultsPatients seen by the primary contact physiotherapist (PCP) were associated with a significant reduction in ED length of stay by 108 min, wait time to treatment by 10 min (n = 4 EDs) and time‐to‐first analgesia by 18 min (n = 19 EDs) compared to those seen through usual care processes. Patients who received care by a doctor first and then physiotherapist (secondary contact model) had a prolonged length of stay compared to other care pathways. High levels of satisfaction with the PCP role were expressed by ED staff (n = 17 EDs) and patients (n = 19 EDs). More than 95% of patients who received care by PCP were satisfied with the management of their condition, understood the advice and discharge information provided and had enough time to ask questions.ConclusionED implementation of the PCP model may improve patient flow and efficiency of clinical skill utilisation in a complex, high demand workplace.
Survey of nocturnal reflux in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease in China
Authors: Zhang Ling , Hou Xiao Hua , Zou Xiao Ping , Li Rong Zhou , Wang Cheng Dang , Sun Jing , Wang Cai Hua , Xu Chun Fang , Chen Chun Xiao , Deng Ming Ming , Zuo Xiu Li , Zou Duo Wu 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate current diagnosis and treatment of patients with nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux (nGER).MethodsThis multicenter observational study was conducted in 44 hospitals in China from May 2017 to February 2018. Outpatients with nGER were recruited and their relevant data were collected using a questionnaire, including age, gender, body mass index, history of smoking and alcohol consumption, comorbid diseases, lifestyle, self‐reported health status, medical history, nGER symptoms and severity, Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, diagnosis and treatment choices. The study was registered on the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (no. ChiCTR1800017525).ResultsThe study included 4978 individuals, with valid questionnaires collected from 4448 patients (89.4%). The symptoms of heartburn and regurgitation were more severe at night than during the day (P < 0.05). Age and body mass index were positively correlated with reflux severity at night and during the day (P < 0.05). The severity of nGER was positively associated with lifestyle factors such as smoking, a high‐fat diet, carbonated beverage consumption, late supper (later than 9 pm), and snoring (all P < 0.05). Night‐time heartburn and regurgitation were related with sleep disorder.ConclusionsLifestyle factors are associated with nGER severity, and nGER affects sleep quality. It will be beneficial to popularize and strengthen the diagnosis and treatment of nGER.
Establishment of a rapeseed meal fermentation model for iturin A production by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CX‐20
Authors: Chen Wenchao , Ma Xuli , Wang Xiuzhen , Chen Shouwen , Rogiewicz Anna , Slominski Bogdan , Wan Xia , Huang Fenghong 
Published: October 2019

SummaryIturin A is an important broad‐spectrum antifungal cyclic lipopeptide used as an ideal potential biological control agent. However, its application is limited mainly due to the producer strains’ low productivity and the high production costs. Here, a potentially industrial strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CX‐20 was proved to use low‐cost rapeseed meal (RSM) as the sole source of all nutrients except the carbon source for the high productivity of iturin A. A fermentation model was first established to analyse the specific roles of different RSM components on iturin A production. Proteins and minerals in RSM were confirmed to play positive role, whereas fibre had negative effect. And the maximal concentration of iturin A was predicted to be more than 1.64 g l−1 by the established evaluation model. Moreover, submerged fermentation of B. amyloliquefaciens CX‐20 demonstrated a strong ability to hydrolyse RSM and release water‐soluble nutrients. This fermentation broth, a mixture of Bacillus, iturin A and RSM hydrolysate, could simultaneously combat clubroot disease and promote the growth of Brassica napus. In conclusion, this study provides a promising strategy to achieve full utilization of RSM for the production of a combination of value‐added biological control agent and biofertilizer.
Faecal microbiota and functional capacity associated with weaning weight in meat rabbits
Authors: Fang Shaoming , Chen Xuan , Zhou Liwen , Wang Chongchong , Chen Qiaohui , Lin Ruiyi , Xiao Tianfang , Gan QianFu 
Published: October 2019

SummaryWeaning weight is an important economic trait in the meat rabbit industry. Evidence has linked the gut microbiota to health and production performance in rabbits. However, the effect of gut microbiota on meat rabbit weaning weight remains unclear. In this study, we performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis of 135 faecal samples from commercial Ira rabbits. We detected 50 OTUs significantly associated with weaning weight. OTUs that showed positive associations with weaning weight were mostly members of the family Ruminococcaceae which are important in degrading dietary fibres and producing butyrate. On the contrary, OTUs annotated to genera Blautia, Lachnoclostridium and Butyricicoccus correlated with fat deposition were negatively associated with weaning weight. Predicted functional capacity analysis revealed that 91 KOs and 26 KEGG pathways exhibited potential correlations with weaning weight. We found that gut microbiota involved in the metabolism of amino acids, butanoate, energy and monosaccharides affected weaning weight. Additionally, cross‐validation analysis indicated that 16.16% of the variation in weaning weight was explained by the gut microbiome. Our findings provide important information to improve weaning weight of meat rabbits by modulating their gut microbiome.
Integration of eDNA‐Based Biological Monitoring within the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Streamgage Network
Authors: Pilliod David S. , Laramie Matthew B. , MacCoy Dorene , Maclean Scott 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study explores the feasibility and utility of integrating environmental DNA (eDNA) assessments of species occurrences into the United States (U.S.) Geological Survey’s national streamgage network. We used an existing network of five gages in southwest Idaho to explore the type of information that could be gained as well as the associated costs and limitations. Hydrologic technicians were trained in eDNA sampling protocols and they collected samples during routine monthly visits to streamgages over an entire water year (2016). We analyzed the eDNA in the filtered water samples to determine the presence of two fish species: bull trout and rainbow trout. We then modeled the spatiotemporal distribution of each species using discharge and temperature data. To assess the influence of the spatial distribution of the gages on the biological information obtained, we also collected eDNA samples from locations between the gages three times during the water year. We found eDNA monitoring at the five gages provided meaningful information about the distribution of both species, especially when detection probabilities accounted for variations in temperature and discharge. Sampling between the gages provided additional information about bull trout distribution — the rarer of the two species. Our study suggests the integration of eDNA sampling into a streamgage network is feasible and could provide a novel and powerful source of biological information for riverine ecosystems in the U.S.
biodivMapR: An r package for α‐ and β‐diversity mapping using remotely sensed images
Authors: Féret Jean‐Baptiste , de Boissieu Florian 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

The accelerated erosion of biodiversity is a critical environmental challenge. Operational methods for the monitoring of biodiversity taking advantage of remotely sensed data are needed in order to provide information to ecologists and decision‐makers.

We present an R package designed to compute a selection of α‐ and β‐diversity indicators from optical imagery, based on spectral variation hypothesis. This package builds upon previous work on biodiversity mapping using airborne imaging spectroscopy, and has been adapted in order to process broader range of data sources, including Sentinel‐2 satellite images.

biodivMapR is able to produce α‐diversity maps including Shannon and Simpson indices, as well as β‐diversity maps derived from Bray–Curtis dissimilarity. It is able to process large images efficiently with moderate computational requirements on a personal computer. Additional functions allow computing diversity indicators directly from field plots defined as polygon shapefiles for easy comparison with ground data and validation.

The package biodivMapR should contribute to improved standards for biodiversity mapping using remotely sensed data. It should also contribute to the identification of relevant Remotely Sensed enabled Essential Biodiversity Variables.
An ABCA12 missense variant in a Shorthorn calf with ichthyosis fetalis
Authors: Woolley S. A. , Eager K. L. M. , Häfliger I. M. , Bauer A. , Drögemüller C. , Leeb T. , O'Rourke B. A. , Tammen I. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryTwo clinical forms of ichthyosis in cattle have been reported, ichthyosis fetalis and congenital ichthyosis. Ichthyosis poses animal welfare and economic issues and the more severe form, ichthyosis fetalis, is lethal. A Shorthorn calf with ichthyosis fetalis was investigated and a likely causal missense variant on chromosome 2 in the ABCA12 gene (NM_001191294.2:c.6776T>C) was identified by whole genome sequencing. Mutations in the ABCA12 gene are known to cause ichthyosis fetalis in cattle and Harlequin ichthyosis in humans. Sanger sequencing of the affected calf and the dam confirmed the variant was homozygous in the affected calf and heterozygous in the dam. Further genotyping of 130 Shorthorn animals from the same property revealed an estimated allele frequency of 3.8%. The presented findings enable genetic testing for breeding and diagnostics.
The expressions of some metabolic hormones (leptin, ghrelin and obestatin) in the tissues of sheep tongue
Authors: Sağsöz Hakan , Erdoğan Serkan , Saruhan Berna Güney 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to observe the localization and expression of peptide hormones—leptin, ghrelin and obestatin—in the sheep tongue by immunohistochemistry. For that purpose, tongues of ten adult sheep were used. Leptin expression of moderate intensity was observed in the basal and parabasal epithelial cells of the luminal epithelium, and leptin was strongly expressed in the taste buds of the circumvallate and fungiform papillae and in von Ebner's glands. Ghrelin was primarily expressed in some of the skeletal muscle cells and the smooth muscle cells of the middle layer of blood vessels. A strong expression was observed in the epithelial cells lining the base of the groove surrounding the circumvallate papillae. Obestatin expression was particularly strong in the epithelial cells of the salivary ducts. It was also stronger in the von Ebner's glands than in the seromucous glands. Leptin, ghrelin and obestatin were shown to be produced at varying levels in different cell types, including epithelial, stromal and skeletal muscle cells, as well as in ganglion neurons, neural plexuses and blood vessels in the sheep tongue. Cellular localization and expression of these peptide hormones have not been investigated in many species including sheep.
Uncertainty and the Economy of Exclusion: Insights from Post‐Keynesian Institutionalism
Authors: Zalewski David A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCritics of Pope Francis’s Evangelii gaudium argue that recent economic growth and reductions in inequality are evidence that his notion of the “economy of exclusion” is misguided. However, Francis alludes to another type of exclusion—increased uncertainty generated by technological change that affects citizens even in developed nations. Drawing from Post‐Keynesian institutionalist theory, this article argues that this condition is common in capitalism, and that grassroots reforms are needed to ensure shared prosperity.