bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Highly Stretchable, Sensitive, and Transparent Strain Sensor Based on Binary Hybrid Network Consisting of Hierarchical Multiscale Metal Nanowires
Authors: Duan Shasha , Wang Zhihui , Zhang Ling , Liu Jin , Li Chunzhong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHow to balance the relationship between stretchability, sensitivity, and optical transmittance remains an obstacle for the realization of high‐performance wearable strain sensors. Here, a highly stretchable, sensitive, and transparent strain sensor is presented by using a binary hybrid network consisting of hierarchical multiscale metal nanowires. Small‐sized silver nanaowire (AgNW) network is demonstrated to have considerable sensitivity but very limited sensing range. The introduction of the highly continuous gold nanowire backbone network can not only improve the stretchability by bridging the detached AgNW regions, but also provide excellent sensitivity in large strain range. As a result, the rationally designed hybrid network based strain sensor demonstrates a wide sensing range up to 90%, high gauge factor values from 12 at 5% to 2370 at 70%, high transmittance of 86%, and prominent cyclical stability (1000 times). The highly flexible strain sensor can be conformally attached to human body and succeeds in detecting a series of activities. Both of the outstanding sensing and optical performance endow the hybrid network based sensor great potential as invisible human‐monitoring device.
Hydroxyl Group‐Prompted and Iridium(III)‐Catalyzed Regioselective C−H Annulation of N‐phenoxyacetamides with Propargyl Alcohols
Authors: Chen Weijie , Liu Fu‐Xiaomin , Gong Wanchun , Zhou Zhi , Gao Hui , Shi Jingjing , Wu Bo , Yi Wei 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAn efficient, mild and redox‐neutral iridium(III)‐catalyzed C−H annulation of N‐phenoxyacetamides for the regioselective synthesis of benzofurans has been developed by employing tertiary propargyl alcohols as the versatile coupling partners. The computed results together with the experimental data revealed that the hydroxyl group of tertiary propargyl alcohols acts as the key factor in controlling the regioselectivity and tuning the reactivity.magnified image
Emulsions‐ und Schaumtemplatierung – vielversprechende Methoden zur Herstellung maßgeschneiderter poröser Polymere
Authors: Stubenrauch Cosima , Menner Angelika , Bismarck Alexander , Drenckhan Wiebke 
Published: April 2018

AbstractEmulsionen, Schäume und geschäumte Emulsionen werden seit einiger Zeit als Template zur Synthese von makroporösen Polymeren verwendet. Auf der Grundlage dieses Wissens werden in diesem Kurzaufsatz Strategien vorgestellt, wie man diese Templatmethoden verwenden, optimieren und hochskalieren kann, um maßgeschneiderte poröse Polymere zu synthetisieren. Was diese Polymere so einzigartig macht, ist die Möglichkeit, ihre Strukturen und folglich auch ihre Eigenschaften nach Bedarf zu steuern. Systematische Untersuchungen zu diesen Struktur‐Eigenschafts‐Beziehungen fehlen bislang jedoch, in erster Linie weil Forscher auf diesem Gebiet in zwei Lager gespalten sind: ein “polydisperses” und ein “monodisperses”. Deshalb ist es höchste Zeit, eine Brücke zwischen den beiden Lagern zu schlagen, indem unter Verwendung derselben Chemie poröse Polymere gleicher Zusammensetzung aber mit sehr unterschiedlichen Strukturen synthetisiert werden, um die Beziehungen zwischen Struktur und Eigenschaften zu klären.
Antioxidant Properties of Flaxseed Protein Hydrolysates: Influence of Hydrolytic Enzyme Concentration and Peptide Size
Authors: Nwachukwu Ifeanyi D. , Aluko Rotimi E. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFlaxseed is an emerging source of protein raw materials for bioactive protein hydrolysate production; however, there is insufficient information on the structural properties of its antioxidative peptides. The aim of this work was to determine the peptide composition and relationships to antioxidant properties of flaxseed protein hydrolysates (FPH) obtained using two protease (thermoase) concentrations (2.5 and 3.0%). The FPH were passed through ultrafiltration membranes to yield fractions with <1, 1–3, 3–5, and 5–10 kDa peptide sizes, which were also tested for antioxidant properties. Mass spectrometry data yielded several peptide sequences located within the flaxseed conlinin, but a lesser number was found in the 3.0% thermoase‐FPH. 2,2‐Diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging was lowest (54%) for the 3.0% thermoase‐FPH while membrane separation enhanced the values up to 65% for the <1 kDa peptides. Metal chelation and iron‐reducing ability were also significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced after membrane fractionation. In contrast, the hydroxyl radical scavenging ability was unchanged (2.5% thermoase‐FPH) or significantly (P < 0.05) diminished (3.0% thermoase‐FPH) after membrane fractionation, except for the 5–10 kDa peptides that had notably (P < 0.05) higher values. We conclude that the <1 and 1–3 kDa peptides may be useful agents to suppress oxidative stress within living tissues while the 3–5 and 5–10 kDa could be suitable preservatives to enhance food shelf life.
Polymorphism and Mixing Phase Behavior in Ternary Mixture Systems of SOS–SSO–OSO: Formation of Molecular Compound Crystals
Authors: Watanabe Shimpei , Yoshikawa Shinichi , Arishima Toshiharu , Sato Kiyotaka 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis paper reports the phase behavior of ternary mixtures of saturated and cis‐monounsaturated mixed‐acid triacylglycerols (TAG) of SOS (1,3‐distearoyl‐2‐oleoyl‐glycerol), SSO (1,2‐distearoyl‐3‐oleoyl‐rac‐glycerol), and OSO (1,3‐dioleoyl‐2‐stearoyl‐glycerol) examined with X‐ray diffractometry and a differential scanning calorimeter. The ternary mixtures were crystallized by cooling from melt (60 °C) to 5 °C, and the crystals were then stabilized by storing the mixture samples at 28 °C for 10 days. The following results were obtained. (1) Molecular compound (MC) crystals of stable β polymorph having a double‐chain‐length structure (β‐2) were formed in mixtures of SOS/SSO/OSO in which the concentration of SOS was 50% with varying concentrations of SSO/OSO. This is in contrast to the fact that the stable polymorphic forms of the component TAG are β‐3 for SOS and OSO and β′‐3 for SSO. (2) When the concentration of SOS deviated from 50%, immiscible mixtures of β‐2 MC made of SOS/SSO/OSO and the component TAG (β‐3 of SOS and OSO and β′‐3 of SSO) were formed. Therefore, ternary mixtures of SOS/(SSO + OSO) = 50/50 with different concentrations of SSO and OSO are miscible mixtures of β‐2 of SOS/SSO and SOS/OSO.
Flame‐retardant and mechanical properties of rigid polyurethane foam/MRP/mg(OH)2/GF/HGB composites
Authors: Li A. , Yang D. D. , Li H. N. , Jiang C. L. , Liang J. Z. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTSome rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) composites modified with microencapsulated red phosphorus (MRP), magnesium hydrate (Mg(OH)2), glass fiber (GF), and hollow glass bead (HGB) were prepared. The influence of the MRP, Mg(OH)2, GF, and HGB on the flame‐retardant, combustion, and mechanical properties of the filled RPUF composites was investigated. The results showed that the flame‐retardant and the combustion properties of the composites were obviously improved, the limiting oxygen index, half burning time and the residual mass/original mass ratio increased with increasing MRP/Mg(OH)2 weight fraction, especially in case of MRP/Mg(OH)2 weight fraction of 8 wt %; the carbon monoxide (CO) concentration decreased with increasing MRP/Mg(OH)2 weight fraction, When the composites were loaded appreciate content of the HGB and the GF, the maximum torque and compressive strength of the composites were improved. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46551.
Measuring the Redistributive Effects of China's Personal Income Tax
Authors: Du Li , Zhang ZhongXiang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPersonal income tax is a commonly used redistributive instrument to deal with inequality. Whether it achieves that efficacy requires an appropriate measurement. This paper aims to examine the redistributive effects of personal income tax (PIT) based on the generalized entropy indexes. Compared with the commonly used approach based on the Gini coefficient, the generalized entropy indexes are more sensitive to the structural features of the redistributive effects and can lead to more reliable evaluation about the redistributive policy adjustments. Based on this new approach, we assess the redistributive effects of the 2011 PIT adjustment in China by using the urban household survey data. Different from previous studies, our results show that the 2011 PIT adjustment has effectively reduced the inequality within high income group, and if hidden income is taken into consideration, the overall inequality reduction resulted from the tax adjustment turns out to be positive. This finding highlights the importance of judging the redistributive effects of PIT on the basis of right household income data and that China should pay more attention to the hidden income in designing the redistributive tax rules.
Need for speed: Preference for fast‐flowing water by the endangered semi‐aquatic Pyrenean desman (Galemys pyrenaicus) in two contrasting streams
Authors: Esnaola Amaiur , González‐Esteban Jorge , Elosegi Arturo , Arrizabalaga‐Escudero Aitor , Aihartza Joxerra 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

The Pyrenean desman (Galemys pyrenaicus) is an endangered, semi‐aquatic, insectivore mammal, endemic to the northern Iberian Peninsula and the Pyrenees. Owing to its small populations, evasive behaviour, and nocturnal activity, knowledge of its ecological requirements is still limited. Continuing population decline over most of its distribution range – even in regions where water quality has clearly improved – points to other factors as the main conservation threat. Nevertheless, at present there is a lack of information on its habitat preferences within its area of occupancy (e.g. stream microhabitat characteristics), a key point for assessing or improving its habitat.
This study used radio‐telemetry data to determine the use of space at microhabitat level by the desman, and how this changed depending upon environmental conditions.
Desmans were studied in two contrasting rivers in the Basque Country (northern Iberian Peninsula): Elama, a nearly pristine stream, and the Leitzaran, a clean‐water stream affected by hydropower diversions. Fifteen desmans were captured and radio‐tracked in Elama and 16 were captured and radio‐tracked in the Leitzaran, and nocturnal activity points were assigned to one of three habitat types: riffles, runs, or pools. Habitat use was compared against availability to measure habitat selection in each stream and between streams.
Desmans selected riffles positively and pools negatively, with this selection being stronger in the Leitzaran.
The results highlight the ecological relevance of riffles as foraging habitats of desmans, and therefore as key features for their conservation. It suggests that channel modifications that reduce the areal cover of riffles impair habitat quality for this species. In addition, water diversion for hydropower is likely to be detrimental for desmans, as it reduces discharge and flow velocity in the bypassed river sections.
Earthquake‐induced habitat migration in a riparian spawning fish has implications for conservation management
Authors: Orchard Shane , Hickford Michael J.H. , Schiel David R. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Galaxias maculatus is a riparian spawning fish that supports an important recreational fishery in New Zealand, with spawning habitat requirements strongly structured by salinity gradients at river mouths. This study reports changes to the spawning habitat following a series of large earthquakes that resulted in the widespread deformation of ground surfaces in the vicinity of waterways.
Assessments of habitat recovery focused on two river systems, the Avon and Heathcote, with pre‐disturbance data available over a 20‐year period. Recovery dynamics were assessed by field survey and mapping of spawning habitat prior to and on seven occasions after the disturbance event. Riparian land‐use and management patterns were mapped and analysed using overlay methods in a geographical information system (GIS).
Habitat migration of up to 2 km occurred in comparison with all previous records, and several anthropogenic land uses have become threats because of changed patterns of co‐occurrence. Incompatible activities now affect more than half of the spawning habitat in both rivers, particularly in areas managed for flood control purposes and recreational use.
The results are an example of landscape‐scale responses to salinity and water‐level changes driven by tectonic dynamics. These dynamics are not the source of the stress per se; rather, they have increased the exposure of the species to pre‐existing stressors.
The case illustrates important principles for managing subtle, yet widespread, change. Adaptive conservation methods and investments in information are priorities for avoiding management failure following environmental change.
Synthetic polymers as substrates for a DNA‐sliding clamp protein
Authors: van Dongen S. F. M. , Clerx J. , van den Boomen O. I. , Pervaiz M. , Trakselis M. A. , Ritschel T. , Schoonen L. , Schoenmakers D. C. , Nolte R. J. M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe clamp protein (gp45) of the DNA polymerase III of the bacteriophage T4 is known to bind to DNA and stay attached to it in order to facilitate the process of DNA copying by the polymerase. As part of a project aimed at developing new biomimetic data‐encoding systems we have investigated the binding of gp45 to synthetic polymers, that is, rigid, helical polyisocyanopeptides. Molecular modelling studies suggest that the clamp protein may interact with the latter polymers. Experiments aimed at verifying these interactions are presented and discussed.
Paradoxical effect of baclofen on social behavior in the fragile X syndrome mouse model
Authors: Zeidler Shimriet , Pop Andreea S. , Jaafar Israa A. , de Boer Helen , Buijsen Ronald A. M. , de Esch Celine E. F. , Nieuwenhuizen‐Bakker Ingeborg , Hukema Renate K. , Willemsen Rob 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIntroductionFragile X syndrome (FXS) is a common monogenetic cause of intellectual disability, autism spectrum features, and a broad range of other psychiatric and medical problems. FXS is caused by the lack of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), a translational regulator of specific mRNAs at the postsynaptic compartment. The absence of FMRP leads to aberrant synaptic plasticity, which is believed to be caused by an imbalance in excitatory and inhibitory network functioning of the synapse. Evidence from studies in mice demonstrates that GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, and its receptors, is involved in the pathogenesis of FXS. Moreover, several FXS phenotypes, including social behavior deficits, could be corrected in Fmr1 KO mice after acute treatment with GABAB agonists.MethodsAs FXS would probably require a lifelong treatment, we investigated the effect of chronic treatment with the GABAB agonist baclofen on social behavior in Fmr1 KO mice on two behavioral paradigms for social behavior: the automated tube test and the three‐chamber sociability test.ResultsUnexpectedly, chronic baclofen treatment resulted in worsening of the FXS phenotypes in these behavior tests. Strikingly, baclofen treatment also affected wild‐type animals in both behavioral tests, inducing a phenotype similar to that of untreated Fmr1 KO mice.ConclusionAltogether, the disappointing results of recent clinical trials with the R‐baclofen enantiomer arbaclofen and our current results indicate that baclofen should be reconsidered and further evaluated before its application in targeted treatment for FXS.
FaptaSyme: A Strategy for Converting a Monomer/Oligomer‐Nonselective Aptameric Sensor into an Oligomer‐Selective One
Authors: Evangelista Baggio A. , Kim Yoon‐Seong , Kolpashchikov Dmitry M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAptameric sensors can bind molecular targets and produce output signals, a phenomenon that is used in bioassays. In some cases, it is important to distinguish between monomeric and oligomeric forms of a target. Here, we propose a strategy to convert a monomer/oligomer‐nonselective sensor into an oligomer‐selective sensor. We designed an aptazyme that produced a high fluorescent output in the presence of oligomeric α‐synuclein (a molecular marker of Parkinson's disease) but not its monomeric form. The strategy is potentially useful in the design of point‐of‐care tests for the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases.
Cell‐Lineage Tracing in Zebrafish Embryos with an Expanded Genetic Code
Authors: Brown Wes , Liu Jihe , Tsang Michael , Deiters Alexander 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCell‐lineage tracing is used to study embryo development and stem‐cell differentiation as well as to document tumor cell heterogeneity. Cre recombinase‐mediated cell labeling is the preferred approach; however, its utility is restricted by when and where DNA recombination takes place. We generated a photoactivatable Cre recombinase by replacing a critical residue in its active site with a photocaged lysine derivative through genetic code expansion in zebrafish embryos. This allows high spatiotemporal control of DNA recombination by using 405 nm irradiation. Importantly, no background activity is seen before irradiation, and, after light‐triggered removal of the caging group, Cre recombinase activity is restored. We demonstrate the utility of this tool as a cell‐lineage tracer through its activation in different regions and at different time points in the early embryo. Direct control of Cre recombinase by light will allow more precise DNA recombination, thereby enabling more nuanced studies of metazoan development and disease.
Alginate‐Encapsulated Bacteria for the Treatment of Hypersaline Solutions in Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: Alkotaini Bassam , Tinucci Samantha L. , Robertson Stuart J. , Hasan Kamrul , Minteer Shelley D. , Grattieri Matteo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA microbial fuel cell (MFC) based on a new wild‐type strain of Salinivibrio sp. allowed the self‐sustained treatment of hypersaline solutions (100 g L−1, 1.71 m NaCl), reaching a removal of (87±11) % of the initial chemical oxygen demand after five days of operation, being the highest value achieved for hypersaline MFC. The degradation process and the evolution of the open circuit potential of the MFCs were correlated, opening the possibility for online monitoring of the treatment. The use of alginate capsules to trap bacterial cells, increasing cell density and stability, resulted in an eightfold higher power output, together with a more stable system, allowing operation up to five months with no maintenance required. The reported results are of critical importance to efforts to develop a sustainable and cost‐effective system that treats hypersaline waste streams and reduces the quantity of polluting compounds released.
Supramolecular Recognition and Selective Protein Uptake by Peptide Hybrids
Authors: Juanes Marisa , Lostalé‐Seijo Irene , Granja Juan R. , Montenegro Javier 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe intracellular transport of exogenous proteins has emerged as one of the most promising methodologies for biotechnology and chemical biology. Currently, protein delivery is mainly achieved by liposome encapsulation, translational fusion, and ionic/hydrophobic non‐covalent aggregation with transporting molecular vehicles. This work introduces the concept of supramolecular recognition and selective transport of proteins by peptide hybrid materials. A helical amphiphilic cationic peptide that bears two orthogonal alkoxyamines for the precise anchoring of protein ligands has been designed. After the attachment of these protein ligands, the peptide showed a high binding affinity for its target protein (i.e., mannose/Concanavalin A, Biotin/Streptavidin). The resulting peptide/protein hybrids were taken up by human cells such as HeLa and HepG2. The concept described in this manuscript could potentially be adapted, through the appropriate choice of ligands, to the transport of other proteins with suitable supramolecular binding motifs.
Fluorescent Molecular Rotors for Viscosity Sensors
Authors: Lee Seung‐Chul , Heo Jeongyun , Woo Hee Chul , Lee Ji‐Ah , Seo Young Hun , Lee Chang‐Lyoul , Kim Sehoon , Kwon O‐Pil 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFluorescent molecular rotors (FMRs) can act as viscosity sensors in various media including subcellular organelles and microfluidic channels. In FMRs, the rotation of rotators connected to a fluorescent π‐conjugated bridge is suppressed by increasing environmental viscosity, resulting in increasing fluorescence (FL) intensity. In this minireview, we describe recently developed FMRs including push–pull type π‐conjugated chromophores, meso‐phenyl (borondipyrromethene) (BODIPY) derivatives, dioxaborine derivatives, cyanine derivatives, and porphyrin derivatives whose FL mechanism is viscosity‐responsive. In addition, FMR design strategies for addressing various issues (e.g., obtaining high FL contrast, internal FL references, and FL intensity‐contrast trade‐off) and their biological and microfluidic applications are also discussed.
Total Syntheses of Trichorabdal A and Maoecrystal Z
Authors: Lv Zhe , Chen Bolin , Zhang Chi , Liang Guangxin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis work reports the total syntheses of Isodon diterpenes trichorabdal A and maoecrystal Z via a common bicyclo[3.2.1]octane intermediate, which chemically bridges the two distinct structures through a retro‐aldol/aldol reaction cascade. Other synthetic features include an efficient cross‐ring radical cyclization for rapid construction of an all carbon quaternary center commonly seen in Isodon diterpenoids, a challenging Ueno–Stork cyclization on to a sensitive 1,6‐enone system, as well as a serial of chemoselective functional group manipulations in complex chemical environments.
Research on high‐precision passive localization based on phase difference changing rate
Authors: Zhou Taoyun , Cheng Yun , Lian Baowang , Irfana Bibi , Zhao Hongwei 
Published: April 2018

SummaryPassive localization method has a wider applicable prospect as a rising localization resort with well flexibility. The acquisition of phase difference changing rate is a very practical problem in passive localization for the way how to get the phase difference, and a better error precision directly affects the accuracy of the localization. Firstly, based on the analysis of the positioning principle of phase difference changing rate, it studies the characteristics of phase difference changing rate and proposes a novel resolving phase ambiguity algorithm based on a double baselines system cosine theorem (DBSCT), which can eliminate the phase difference ambiguity efficiently. Secondly, it studies two typical methods to extract the high‐precision phase difference changing rate from the unambiguity phase difference, namely, difference algorithm and Kalman algorithm. Finally, it compares the Kalman algorithm with the difference algorithm through computer simulation. Simulation results show that the Kalman algorithm can efficiently smoothen the phase difference data and suppress the measurement noise to achieve a high positioning accuracy. Simulation results also show that with a certain phase difference measurement accuracy, the phase difference rate accuracy extracted by the Kalman algorithm is higher than that we require. Therefore, we can appropriately relax the phase difference measurement accuracy requirements to achieve the same positioning accuracy. So, it has a great application value.