bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Listening to Family Life After Serious Pediatric Injury: A Study of Four Cases
Authors: Mangelsdorf Shaminka N. , Conroy Rowena , Mehl Matthias R. , Norton Peter J. , Alisic Eva 
Published: September 2019

Following a serious child injury, the entire family can be affected. Gaining an understanding of family support, interactions, and stress levels can help clinicians tailor treatment. Presently, these factors are assessed mainly via self‐reports and structured observations. We aimed to explore the value of naturalistic observation of postinjury parent–child interactions, in order to highlight how clinicians might use these data in their practice. Our qualitative study involved an in‐depth analysis of four cases from the Ear for Recovery project, against the backdrop of the larger sample's characteristics. Children who had been hospitalized with a serious injury wore the Electronically Activated Recorder (EAR). Over a two‐day period postdischarge, the EAR recorded 30‐second audio “snippets” every 5 minutes. Families also completed self‐report measures on family functioning, child stress and social support, parent stress, optimism, and self‐efficacy. For each case, two coders independently used an ethnographic method, integrating self‐report measures, family and injury characteristics, audio recordings, and transcripts to mimic integration of information within clinical practice. The coders then reached consensus on the main themes for each case through discussion. Families showed substantial variation in their communication in terms of content, tone, and frequency, including moments of conflict, humor, and injury‐related conversations. We explored how these recorded interactions converged with and diverged from the self‐report data. The EAR provided an opportunity for rich descriptions of individual families’ communication and activities, yielding potential clinical information that may be otherwise difficult or impractical to obtain.
RACE AND ANIMAL‐BREEDING: A HYBRIDIZED HISTORIOGRAPHY
Authors: ZELINGER AMIR 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTBecause it associates animals with one of the most vital topics in human history, the historiography of the cross‐connections between race and animal‐breeding is at once controversial and inspiring. This article wishes to position this historiography in a more systematic framework than has been done thus far by examining both its merits and failings along with the more and less appropriate ways to write on the subject. The article identifies two main narratives in race–animal‐breeding historiography: the influence narrative and the projection narrative. The first reveals how perceptions of animal breeds and livestock‐breeding practices influenced the rise of racialist and eugenic worldviews. By contrast, the second shows how conceptualizations of human racial segregation contributed to the construction of ideas about the subdivision of domestic animal species into different breeds. The article argues that despite the projection narrative's inherent anthropomorphism, this perspective renders it possible to draft a nonanthropocentric history of the cross‐connections between race and animal‐breeding with a focus on human–animal relations rather than on human society.
LEVINAS, HISTORY, AND HISTORIOGRAPHY
Authors: Morgan Michael L. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTIn this book Anton Froeyman has provided us with a colorful and intriguing account of a Levinasian approach to historical inquiry and historical writing. In my discussion of his book I describe central features of his account and notice how he uses, to develop his view, recent developments in historiography—including the work of figures like Natalie Davis and Carlo Ginzburg, in philosophical thinking about history and historiography, and in various postmodern developments. I sketch central features of Levinas's ethical metaphysics and show that Froeyman's focus on Levinas's interest in our relations with other persons and in particular with their relative differences from us is too narrow. A proper understanding of our infinite responsibility to and for all others, as Levinas portrays it, leads to a broader account than the one Froeyman gives and one that enables us to understand with greater clarity how historiography fits into the Levinasian understanding of our temporal and interpersonal relations with others.
Interference of lipemia in samples for routine coagulation testing using a Sysmex CS‐5100 coagulometer
Authors: Negrini Davide , Bernardi Daniela , Antonelli Giorgia , Plebani Mario 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionLipemia in samples can cause analytical errors in coagulation tests using photometric assays. To define the level of this interference, some studies assessed lipemic interferences by in vitro ‘spiking’ of different types of lipids obtaining interesting information, but spiked samples do not represent a real‐world situation as natively lipemic samples do.MethodsA total of 101 samples flagged as ‘lipemic’ by a Sysmex CS‐5100 coagulometer were analyzed for PT, aPTT, fibrinogen Clauss assay, antithrombin activity, D‐dimer concentration, before and after a double high‐speed centrifugation procedure to reduce lipemic interference. We evaluated using Bland‐Altman test if high‐speed centrifugation and retesting are justified, considering that's a resource‐consuming procedure; when a statistically significant difference was found, quality specification for imprecision was considered and compared to the observed delta.ResultsStatistically significant differences were found for PT, antithrombin activity and fibrinogen. Considering the Bland‐Altman plot, fibrinogen results were split into two groups, and statistically significant difference was confirmed only for samples >2 g/L.ConclusionsFor PT and antithrombin activity a mean percentual difference between the two determinations lower than within‐subject biologic variation and one of the Fraser's quality specifications can be considered as a confounding ‘noise’ factor that is neither analytically nor clinically relevant. If the instrument determines a result on the first run, for PT, aPTT, D‐dimer concentration and antithrombin activity tests, the double plasma high‐speed centrifugation is unnecessary. It is instead necessary if fibrinogen >2 g/L or if the instrument cannot determine a result on the first run.
The cost of repetitive laboratory testing for chronic disease
Authors: Ko Stephanie Q. , Quah Pipetius , Lahiri Manjari 
Published: September 2019

AbstractInterval laboratory investigations are necessary for monitoring chronic diseases. However, testing too frequently may not be beneficial clinically and can be considered low‐value care. We examined the frequency of glycosylated haemoglobin, lipids, iron panels (serum iron, ferritin, transferrin, iron binding) thyroid function (free T4 and thyroid stimulating hormone) and 25‐OH vitamin D tests in a 1290‐bed tertiary hospital in Singapore. All tests done over a 20‐month period (January 2016 to August 2017) were retrieved from the laboratory database. Of the 275 565 tests done for 115 971 patients, 5.2% were repeat tests done at intervals shorter than the minimum retesting interval, as defined by the Royal College of Pathologist and Irish Guidelines on the Use of the Laboratory. Using the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Clinical Laboratory Fee Schedule, we estimated a cost burden of US$222 096 per year. Strategies to reduce unnecessary repetitive testing can result in significant cost savings.
Inpatient healthcare‐associated bloodstream infections in older people
Authors: Hanger H. Carl , Bloor Michelle 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis retrospective study describes inpatient healthcare‐associated bloodstream infections (HABSI) in older adults and explores whether urinary catheters (presence/insertion/removal) were related to HABSI events. One hundred and sixty‐seven HABSI events were identified, predominantly (124, 74%) with Gram‐negative bacteria. HABSI was attributed to a urinary source in 110 patients (66%), with over half (63, 57%) of these associated with urinary catheters. Catheter‐associated HABSI may be avoidable and potential preventative strategies are discussed.
Forkhead transcription factor FOXO3a mediates interferon‐γ‐induced MHC II transcription in macrophages
Authors: Wu Xiaoyan , Fan Zhiwen , Chen Ming , Chen Yi , Rong Danyan , Cui Zhiwei , Yuan Yibiao , Zhuo Lili , Xu Yong 
Published: September 2019

SummaryMacrophages are professional antigen‐presenting cells relying on the expression of class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC II) genes. Interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) activates MHC II transcription via the assembly of an enhanceosome centred on class II trans‐activator (CIITA). In the present study, we investigated the role of the forkhead transcription factor FOXO3a in IFN‐ γ‐induced MHC II transcription in macrophages. Knockdown of FOXO3a, but not FOXO1 or FOXO4, diminished IFN‐γ‐induced MHC II expression in RAW cells. On the contrary, over‐expression of FOXO3a, but neither FOXO1 nor FOXO4, enhanced CIITA‐mediated trans‐activation of the MHC II promoter. IFN‐γ treatment promoted the recruitment of FOXO3a to the MHC II promoter. Co‐immunoprecipitation and RE‐ChIP assays showed that FOXO3a was a component of the MHC II enhanceosome forming interactions with CIITA, RFX5, RFXB and RFXAP. FOXO3a contributed to MHC II transcription by altering histone modifications surrounding the MHC II promoter. Of interest, FOXO3a was recruited to the type IV CIITA promoter and directly activated CIITA transcription by interacting with signal transducer of activation and transcription 1 in response to IFN‐γ stimulation. In conclusion, our data unveil a novel role for FOXO3a in the regulation of MHC II transcription in macrophages.
FREQUENCY OF MENTAL DISORDERS IN OLD AGE
Authors: Gunner‐Svensson F. , Jensen K. 
Published: September 2019

Due to the increase in the number of old people, diseases of old age have acquired more and more importance. In estimating the need for psychiatric hospitals and nursing homes, epidemiological investigations are necessary. Only relatively few population investigations of the old‐age population have been carried out, and most of these have been carried out in countries in Northern Europe, which are closely related culturally and socially.In the present paper nine investigations are described in relation to certain central factors which include the purpose of the investigation, description of the population, selection of probands, the statistical concepts used, the collection of data, and the main results. Seven of the investigations give results in the form of prevalence, two investigations calculate incidence and morbidity risk.It is concluded that comparison of the various results is difficult as most of the authors have not intended their investigations for mutual comparison. It is clear that there are many dissimilarities in the milieus involved, in the methods used, in the prerequisites of the interviewers and assessors, and in the classification of the results.The investigations presented have been used for evaluation of prognosis and planning of care for the old‐age population. It must be said that an investigation is an expression of local truth and as such often usable in local planning, but on the other hand it is not often possible to utilize results from investigations carried out in outside regions for more than a rough basis for local prognosis and local planning. It must therefore be stressed that in future investigations more standardized methods and better correlated descriptions are necessary.
EXPLORATORY BEHAVIOR IN PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM SENILE DEMENTIA: A COMPARISON WITH CHILDREN
Authors: Jonsson C.‐O. , Edin P. , Söderberg S. , Waldton S. 
Published: September 2019

Thirty‐seven patients with the diagnosis of senile dementia and 70 children aged 6 months to 4 years were observed in three tasks that stimulated exploratory behavior. The subjects were rated according to the frequencies of certain forms of behavior in 52 variables.It was assumed that certain behavior would be more frequent among children in specific age periods and for that reason a factor analysis of the children's behavior would generate factors characterizing clusters of behavior typical for certain periods.The factor analyses of the children's behavior yielded three factors, which were interpreted as an oral factor, a factor characterizing interest in three‐dimensional relationships, and a factor regarding goal‐directed manipulation.Indices of the three factors demonstrated that the oral factor had a very high frequency in the infants 6‐11 months old; after that age it decreased steeply and disappeared at about 2 years of age. Activities involving three‐dimensional relationships and goal‐directed manipulation were scarcely displayed in the youngest infants but appeared at about 12 months. Both modes of exploratory behavior tended to disappear before the age of 4.Analyses were carried out to see if the behavior of the patients yielded similar factors, and to see if the distributions of the factor indices for the group of patients, when broken down according to the degree of mental deterioration, had forms similar to the distributions for the children in the different age groups.Similar factors were obtained for the patients, but the structures were less clear and less meaningful than those obtained for the children.The forms of the distributions of factor indices over the degree of mental deterioration were similar to the distributions over the age groups for the children.Motor activity was reduced among more deteriorated patients.When explaining the childlike strategies in the exploratory behavior of the demented patients, it was hypothesized that, due to deficient memory, the patients had to manipulate the objects to find their qualities. This exploratory behavior was more or less advanced and flexible depending on the degree of mental deterioration. However, possible negative effects of high anxiety and high social inhibition were also touched upon.
The impact of densification on indentation fracture toughness measurements
Authors: Gross Timothy M. , Liu Hongshen , Zhai Yue , Huang Liping , Wu Jingshi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe fracture toughness was measured by the Vickers indentation method and by chevron notch for a series of xCaO‐xAl2O3‐(100 − 2x)SiO2 glasses. As the silica content was increased, the fixed ξ value Vickers indentation fracture toughness (IFT) values increased, while the chevron notch values decreased. Glasses with higher silica contents deform with more densification and less shear when indented with a Vickers tip, thus resulting in reduced residual stress in the region surrounding the indent. The reduction in residual stress for high silica glasses results in less median/radial crack extension and unreasonably high Vickers IFT values. This indicates that a fixed ξ value of 0.016 is not appropriate for the glasses in this series. By repeating the IFT method with a sharper 110° four‐sided pyramidal diamond indenter, it is demonstrated that indentation toughness and chevron notch toughness values now trend in the same direction and are in good agreement with a fixed ξ value of 0.0297. With the sharper indenter tip, the densification component to the deformation is substantially reduced for all glass types such that it no longer has such a prominent influence on the residual stress field. This result suggests that a fixed ξ value IFT method may be appropriate for all glass types if a sharper indenter tip is substituted in the place of the Vickers tip.
Repetitive disclosures in the MD&A
Authors: Li Heather 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis study is the first to empirically analyze repetitive disclosures in the Management Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) section of the 10‐K filing. Repetitive disclosures refer to the extent that content in the MD&A is repeated from the audited financial statement notes. I empirically analyze repetitive disclosures in the MD&A section of the 10‐K filing, and find that firms tend to use more repetitive disclosures when firms have a new CEO, a high level of new disclosures in the notes, issued equity, and have missed the prior year's earnings benchmark. These findings suggest that not all managers use repetitive disclosures to simply obfuscate disclosures. Rather, some managers use repetitive disclosures to emphasize firm‐specific events, consistent with the succession hypothesis. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) states that repetitive disclosures are uninformative and that such disclosures decrease the informativeness of other disclosures in the MD&A. Casting doubt on the SEC's comments, in my primary analyses, I find that repetitive disclosures are informative to investors; this result is stronger for individual investors. Overall, my results suggest that repetitive disclosures are informative, and such disclosures may be effective tools for providing information to investors.
Detection and analysis of genome‐wide copy number variation in the pig genome using an 80 K SNP Beadchip
Authors: Wang Yuan , Zhang Tingrong , Wang Chuduan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCopy number variation (CNV) is an important source of genetic variability in human or animal genomes and play key roles in phenotypic diversity and disease susceptibility. In the present study, we performed a genome‐wide analysis for CNV detection using SNP genotyping data of 857 Large White pigs. A total of 312 CNV regions (CNVRs) were detected with the PennCNV algorithm, which covered 57.76 Mb of the pig genome and correspond to 2.36% of the genome sequence. The length of the CNVRs on autosomes ranged from 1.77 Kb to 1.76 Mb with an average of 185.11 Kb. Of these, 220 completely or partially overlapped with 1,092 annotated genes, which enriched a wide variety of biological processes. Comparisons with previously reported pig CNVR revealed 92 (29.49%) novel CNVRs. Experimentally, 80% of CNVRs selected randomly were validated by quantitative PCR (qPCR). We also performed an association analysis between some of the CNVRs and reproductive traits, with results demonstrating the potential importance of CNVR61 and CNVR283 associated with litter sizes. Notably, the GPER1 gene located in CNVR61 plays a key role in reproduction. Our study is an important complement to the CNV map in the pig genome and provides valuable information for investigating the association between genomic variation and economic traits.
Sigma‐1 receptor protects against ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Bai Tao , Lei Pengxu , Zhou Hao , Liang Ruopeng , Zhu Rongtao , Wang Weijie , Zhou Lin , Sun Yuling 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSigma‐1 receptor (S1R) regulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation via nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (NRF2), which plays a vital role in ferroptosis. Sorafenib is a strong inducer of ferroptosis but not of apoptosis. However, the mechanism of sorafenib‐induced ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. In this study, we found for the first time that sorafenib induced most of S1Rs away from nucleus compared to control groups in Huh‐7 cells, and ferrostatin‐1 completely blocked the translocation. S1R protein expression, but not mRNA expression, in HCC cells was significantly up‐regulated by sorafenib. Knockdown of NRF2, but not of p53 or hypoxia‐inducible factor 1‐alpha (HIF1α), markedly induced S1R mRNA expression in HCC cells. Inhibition of S1R (by RNAi or antagonists) increased sorafenib‐induced HCC cell death in vitro and in vivo. Knockdown of S1R blocked the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), one of the core targets of ferroptosis, in vitro and in vivo. Iron metabolism and lipid peroxidation increased in the S1R knockdown groups treated with sorafenib compared to the control counterpart. Ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) and transferrin receotor protein 1 (TFR1), both of which are critical for iron metabolism, were markedly up‐regulated in HCC cells treated with erastin and sorafenib, whereas knockdown of S1R inhibited these increases. In conclusion, we demonstrate that S1R protects HCC cells against sorafenib and subsequent ferroptosis. A better understanding of the role of S1R in ferroptosis may provide novel insight into this biological process.
Protective role of p120‐catenin on mitochondria by inhibiting NLRP3 in ventilator‐induced lung injury
Authors: Liu Ge , Gu Changping , Liu Mengjie , Liu Huan , Wang Dong , Liu Xiaobin , Wang Yuelan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMitochondria supply energy to maintain the integrity of cell junctions. NLRP3, as the core component of the inflammatory response, is crucial in mechanical stretching. Mechanical stretching could activate NLRP3 and induce mitochondrial dysfunction. The relationship between p120 and mitochondria in ventilator‐induced lung injury (VILI) has not been elucidated. MLE‐12 cells and wild‐type male C57BL/6 mice were pre‐treated with MCC950 (specific and highly efficient inhibitor of NLRP3) or a p120 siRNA‐liposome complex. Then, the cells were subjected to 20% cyclic stretching, and the mice were subjected to mechanical ventilation at a high tidal volume. Cell lysates and lung tissues were obtained to detect the expression of NLRP3, p120, TLR4 pathway components, IL‐6 and IL‐1β, to determine the functions and structures of mitochondria, and the wet/dry ratio of the lung, and to perform pathological staining and an Evans blue dye assay. Mechanical stretching could increase the levels of NLRP3, ROS and damaged mitochondria, while these changes could be reversed by MCC950. Moreover, p120 prevented the activation of NLRP3 and regulated NLRP3 by inhibiting the TLR4 pathway and ROS production. Additionally, p120 played a vital role in protecting mitochondrial structures and functions after mechanical stretching. Taken together, these findings suggest that p120 depletion during mechanical stretching aggravates mitochondrial dysfunction by activating NLRP3, which indicates that p120 has a protective role on mitochondria in VILI by inhibiting NLRP3 activation.
Pristimerin attenuates cell proliferation of uveal melanoma cells by inhibiting insulin‐like growth factor‐1 receptor and its downstream pathways
Authors: Xie Xinshu , Xie Saisai , Xie Changying , Fang Yuanying , Li Zhifeng , Wang Rikang , Jiang Wei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractUveal melanoma (UM) has a high mortality rate due to liver metastasis. The insulin‐like growth factor‐1 receptor (IGF‐1R) is highly expressed in UM and has been shown to be associated with hepatic metastases. Targeting IGF signalling may be considered as a promising approach to inhibit the process of metastatic UM cells. Pristimerin (PRI) has been demonstrated to inhibit the growth of several cancer cells, but its role and underlying mechanisms in the IGF‐1‐induced UM cell proliferation are largely unknown. The present study examined the anti‐proliferative effect of PRI on UM cells and its possible role in IGF‐1R signalling transduction. MTT and clonogenic assays were used to determine the role of PRI in the proliferation of UM cells. Flow cytometry was performed to detect the effect of PRI on the cell cycle distribution of UM cells. Western blotting was carried out to assess the effects of PRI and IGF‐1 on the IGF‐1R phosphorylation and its downstream targets. The results indicated that IGF‐1 promoted the UM cell proliferation and improved the level of IGF‐1R phosphorylation, whereas PRI attenuated the effect of IGF‐1. Interestingly, PRI could not only induce the G1 phase accumulation and reduce the G2 phase induced by IGF‐1, but also could stimulate the expression of p21 and inhibit the expression of cyclin D1. Besides, PRI could attenuate the phosphorylations of Akt, mTOR and ERK1/2 induced by IGF‐1. Furthermore, the molecular docking study also demonstrated that PRI had potential inhibitory effects on IGF‐1R. Taken together, these results indicated that PRI could inhibit the proliferation of UM cells through down‐regulation of phosphorylated IGF‐1R and its downstream signalling.