bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activation of cuproptosis amplifies immunogenic cell death for anti-tumor immunotherapy in gastric cancer
Authors: Song Qiuya , Zhou Yun , Li Mengting , Shi Ce , Pei Dongsheng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Cuproptosis is a novel form of cell death mediated by protein lipid acylation and highly related to mitochondrial metabolism. Copper directly binds to the fatty acylation component of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, resulting in toxic protein stress and ultimately leading to cell death. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) can effectively enhance tumor immunogenicity and induce systemic anti-tumor immunity. However, the relationship between copper-induced cell death and immunogenicity in gastric cancer remains unclear. We utilized the R package to conduct KEGG and GO analysis on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with crucial copper-induced cell death genes in gastric cancer, confirming the potential of copper-induced cell death genes to enhance anti-tumor immunity. Examination of online databases revealed a significant reduction in the expression of key genes related to copper-induced cell death in gastric cancer tissues compared to normal gastric tissues. The expression of cuproptosis-related genes exhibited a negative correlation with the abundance of Treg and MDSC cells, while showing a positive correlation with the expression of ICD-related genes. Furthermore, we validated the impact of key copper-induced cell death genes on subcutaneous tumor growth and ICD in vivo. Tumor tissues with high FDX1 expression demonstrated increased levels of CD8+ T cells, perforin 1 (PRF1), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and Cu2+. In conclusion, the activated copper-dependent death-key genes ultimately facilitate immunogenic cell death in gastric cancer, thereby augmenting the anti-tumor immune response in gastric cancer.
Lévy Versus Wiener: Assessing the Effects of Model Misspecification on Diffusion Model Parameters
Authors: Hato Tuba , Schumacher Lukas , Radev Stefan Tomov , Voss Andreas 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The Lévy Flight Model (LFM; Voss et al., 2019) modifies the Diffusion Decision Model (DDM; Ratcliff, 1978) by integrating a heavy-tailed noise distribution into evidence accumulation. Initial results suggest that the LFM may offer a more accurate representation of the true cognitive process. If this is the case, analyzing data with a classical DDM may misrepresent the underlying latent processes. In the present study, we explore the estimation biases that arise when data from an LFM are analyzed with the DDM. To this end, we conducted extensive simulations using both basic and full versions of the DDM and the LFM, employing cross-fitting through simulation-based inference with neural networks as implemented in the BayesFlow framework. Given the susceptibility of neural networks to misspecification, we additionally employ a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach as a benchmark for the neural estimates. Our results demonstrate that neural networks and MCMC exhibited nearly identical estimation performance for the basic DDM. Importantly, the basic DDM showed a notable underestimation of boundary separation and non-decision time when fitted to LFM data. The full DDM significantly overestimated inter-trial variabilities in starting point and non-decision time, while it still underestimating boundary separation. In conclusion, our results suggest that DDM-based analyses may lead to biased results when the true data-generating process is more accurately captured by a LFM. Implications for previous findings are discussed.
Investigating Peak Strength of Gap-Graded Soils Through Discrete Element Method: Mechanisms and Prediction
Authors: Xu Shanlin , Hu Lingkai , Sun Honglei , Wang Bo , Gao Feng , Wang Mingyuan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Gap-graded soils, commonly used in geotechnical and hydraulic engineering applications, exhibit diverse strength characteristics influenced by particle size distribution. To understand the mechanisms governing the strength of gap-graded soils and to develop a predictive formula for strength, this study utilizes the discrete element method to investigate the peak strength of gap-graded soil samples with a wide range of fine particle contents (FC) and particle size ratios (SR). The results reveal a complex and coupled effect of FC and SR on peak strength, with distinct trends in different FC ranges. At the particle scale, the arrangement of particles in initially isotropic gap-graded soils changes under external loading, leading to an increase in branch anisotropy value. The magnitude of this increase is influenced by both the particle size distribution and fine content. A lower value of peak branch anisotropy indicates a more uniform normal force distribution among contact types (coarse-coarse, fine-fine, and fine-coarse force type), resulting in a higher peak strength of the soil. Microscopic analysis confirms a negative correlation between strength and both branch anisotropy and standard deviation of normal contact force proportions at peak state. Furthermore, a peak strength prediction formula incorporating SR and FC is proposed, offering practical guidelines for engineering design involving gap-graded soils.
A novel in silico transcription factor perturbation simulator uncovers diverse genetic architecture of brain disorders
Authors: Wang Haiyang , Li Qingyu , Zhu Ying 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Brain disorders with complex genetic architectures pose challenges in studying their mechanisms and developing treatments. As experimental approaches fall short due to these complexities, we developed TFdisc, a novel in silico transcription factor (TF) perturbation simulator that uses wild-type single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data to emulate corresponding scRNA-seq transcriptomes post-TF perturbations. Validation confirms TFdisc’s accuracy in reconstructing gene regulatory networks, identifying differentially expressed genes, and predicting alterations in cell identity and lineage differentiation post-TF perturbations. Applying TFdisc to simulate perturbations of individual risk TFs associated with brain disorders reveals distinct molecular and cellular mechanisms. Further simulation of multiple TF simultaneous perturbations uncovered previously uncharacterized genetic architectures for SCZ and ASD, proposing a “jigsaw mechanism” for SCZ and a “monolithic mechanism” for ASD. Further analysis of ASD risk TFs identified clusters whose perturbation leads to differential expression of genes related to synaptic function, cognition, learning, and histone modifications, with varying impacts correlated with autism severity.
Study on the application of glass ceramics based on vanadium dioxide as a bypass device in solar cells
Authors: Kolbunov V. R. , Tonkoshkur A. S. , Lyashkov A. Yu. , Mazurik S. V. , Lyagushyn S. F. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The work explored the possibility of using glass critical thermistors based on vanadium dioxide to improve reliability and prevent electrothermal overloads in photovoltaic components of solar cells. Glass-ceramic materials based on vanadium dioxide and vanadium phosphate glass V2O5-P2O5 were used as a thermistor element, which abruptly change the value of electrical resistance by 1.5–2 orders of magnitude at a temperature of about 70°C. It has been established that the thermistor structures under consideration can function as bypass elements in solar modules. Such elements react directly both to the presence of overvoltage and to temperature increase in individual photovoltaic cells with increased resistance, and thus provide increased reliability of solar array as a whole.
Effects of high-fat diet-induced obesity on metabolism and sexual development of juvenile male rats
Authors: Guo Shujuan , Li Guimei , Zheng Juan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
To explore the effects of high-fat diet-induced obesity on the metabolism and sexual development of juvenile male rats.
Methods
Three-week-old male rats were divided into the control group and the model group. The two groups were fed normal and high-fat diets, respectively, for four weeks. Modeling was successful if Lee’s index exceeded the upper limit of Lee’s index of the control group. Levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), testosterone (T), estrogen (E2), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) of the rats were monitored. Morphological structures of hepatic and testicular tissues were examined by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining; hepatic steatosis was investigated by Oil Red O staining; and aromatases were detected using the immunohistochemical method.
Results
Weight, waist-to-height ratio, Lee’s index, weight and thickness of visceral fat, levels of ALT, AST, TC, TG, LDL-C, E2, and IGF-1 of rats were significantly higher in the model group than in the control group (P < 0.05). H&E staining revealed that rats in the model group had hepatic steatosis, a disorder of seminiferous tubules, and a reduced quantity of spermatogenic cells. Oil Red O staining revealed a significantly increased accumulation of lipid droplets in hepatic cells. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that aromatases in hepatic and testicular cells were up-regulated.
Conclusion
A high-fat diet induces dyslipidemia, thereby causing hepatic steatosis and liver dysfunction, and it significantly influences testicular development, as an increased level of aromatase leads to a reduced T level.
Southwestern College Students Attitudes and Behaviors towards Face Mask wearing on Campus.
Authors: Wood Sandra Freda , Aidoo Ebenezer Ato Kwamena , Lindsay Kweku Ewusie Orleans , Aliche Obianuju 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The emergence of respiratory viral infections has necessitated the use of face masks worldwide. Although several studies have examined the uses of the face and attested to its efficacy in preventing airborne diseases. In the United States, wearing face masks is a divisive and politicized topic. College students on campus have their own reservations on mask wearing and are influenced by a myriad of factors that determine compliance to mask mandate. The aim of this study is to examine the perception, attitudes, and behavior of college students toward facemask wearing on campus. To achieve that, we recruited 217 participants. 117 (53.9%) participants identified as females, 97 (44.7%) identified as males while the remaining three (1.4%) participants identified as non-binary, with an average age of 19.89. Participants were recruited using convenience sampling through the distribution of flyers both in class and online course pages or website. With an online survey, we measured participants’ attitude, behavior, perceived benefit, and perceived risk of wearing facemasks.
We conducted, one-way ANOVA, correlation, and regression analysis. The result indicated that there is no relationship between perceived benefit and attitude towards wearing face masks among US college students. From the analysis, as perceived benefit increases, students' attitude also decreases moderately. This means that perceived benefits do not necessarily correlate with the attitude of students in wearing face masks. Therefore, it might be due to other factors such as the mandatory rule instituted for all to wear face mask on campus. Additionally, there is a positive low relationship between students’ perceived risk of face mask wearing and their face mask wearing behavior, the relationship, therefore, is not significant. This suggests that college students who are at a high perceived risk of COVID-19 are less likely to engage in high face mask wearing behavior. Implications and future directions are discussed.
Forecasting the South African labour market indicators: A comparison of ARIMA, count series models and machine learning regressors
Authors: Mogale Boipelo Vinolia , Montshiwa Tlhalitshi Volition , Tsoku Johannes Tshepiso 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This paper compared count series, time series and machine learning models to determine the best data type (between count data and continuous data) and the best model for forecasting the labour market variables. Data from Statistics South Africa’s Quarterly Labour Force Survey (2008–2021) was used to compare ARIMA, Poisson autoregressive (PAR), negative binomial regression (NBR), generalised Poisson regression (GPR), support vector regression (SVR) and the multilayer perceptron (MLP) regressor based on the MAE, RMSE, MAPE, MSE and the plots of the actual values versus the forecasts from the models. The study showed that the most accurate approach to estimating the future values of the labour market variables is to implement PAR to forecast the counts of people who are unemployed, employed, and non-economically active, and then use these forecasts to compute the future values of unemployment rate, absorption rate and labour force participation rate.
The Effect of Physicochemical Properties and Elemental Composition on Nutritional Value and Safety of Tomato Fruits
Authors: Dotsha Jaleel Raheem  
Published: October 2024

Fruits and vegetables are considered as health-improving contributors in the daily diet. Tomatoes are one of the most widely consumed fruits. However, the nutritional quality and safety of these fruits may not always be regulated. This research therefore worked on establishing two main aspects related to tomato consumption: the first is the relevance of visual appearance and texture to the quality and nutritional value of tomato fruits; and second to investigate the health and safety aspects of the fruits based on their elemental content. The study was conducted in Erbil - Iraq in which eight different samples were collected including local and imported fruits. The samples were investigated to determine physicochemical variables including dry matter content, total soluble solids (TSS), taste and maturity indices, total phenolic content (TPC), radical scavenging power using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ascorbic acid and lycopene contents to investigate the correlation between visible physical traits and rather obscure chemical characteristics. Additionally, Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) was used to analyze the elemental content and to assess the beneficial impact and/or toxic effects of these elements. The results showed significant positive correlations between taste index, lycopene content and TSS. Also, antioxidant activity was found to be more strongly influenced by ascorbic acid rather than TPC and lycopene contents. The results indicated that physical properties such as firm texture combined with deep red color and smaller fruit size are indicative of higher quality and presence of taste-enhancing and beneficial chemical components. Significant differences were found in the elemental content of the samples. Local samples were higher in essential elements. However, they also contained higher levels of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb). One of the imported samples contained arsenic (As). Applying the human risk assessment model (HRA), it was found that there is an appreciable carcinogenic risk from Cd in two of the local samples. Strict monitoring is therefore required to ensure that market tomatoes are safe for consumers.
Action Research for Enhancing the English Learning Needs of College Students
Authors: Cai Weihang , Bian Xue 
Published: October 2024

This study explored English learning challenges faced by freshman students in a Hainan vocational university. Participants, who had completed vocational diplomas and professional internships, struggled with English, affecting their undergraduate coursework. Analysis of the data revealed several key issues, including lack of interest and motivation, disconnect from practical needs, overemphasis on vocabulary and grammar, dissatisfaction with learning outcomes, inappropriate assessment standards and content, lack of relevance to major, and exam-oriented learning. In response, a remediation plan is proposed, aiming to stimulate learning interest, strengthen foundational skills, enhance classroom engagement, leverage technology and resources, promote cultural awareness and communication skills, and implement regular feedback and assessment. A new round of action research will be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of this plan and make further improvements. The aim is to provide valuable insights and pave the way for tailored educational interventions to support the academic journey of these students.
Subsequent Measurement for Investment Property: Fair Value Model
Authors: Rinelisa Prabandari Ayu , Kholilah Kholilah 
Published: October 2024

Purpose: This study examines the effect of firm size, leverage, gain from revaluation, and information asymmetry on the possibility of choosing a fair value method of investment property moderated by institutional ownership.
Methodology/approach: The quantitative research method with logistic and moderated regression analysis. The number of samples in this study was 117 companies. The final observation data during the 2018-2022 period was 585 firm years.
Findings: The study's results proved that firm size and gain from revaluation affect the selection of the fair value method of investment property. In comparison, leverage and information asymmetry do not affect the selection of fair-value methods of investment property. In addition, institutional ownership can only moderate the effect of information asymmetry on selecting fair-value methods of investment property.
Practical implications: The small number of companies that do not yet use fair value to measure investment properties can be used as material for consideration by the Financial Accounting Standards Drafting Board to improve regulations related to the use of fair value of investment properties. Companies can take this into account when choosing the best approach to ensure that financial statement readers can utilize them as a foundation for decision-making.
Originality/value: Adding the gain from revaluation as opportunistic motivation as the independent variable and institutional ownership as moderation variables.
Aprehensiones eclesiásticas ante la implementación de la Ley de Matrimonio Civil de 1885 en la ciudad de Curicó
Authors: Gomien Andrés Irarrázaval 
Published: October 2024

La implementación de la Ley de Matrimonio Civil promulgada en 1885 significó un gran desafío para las autoridades eclesiásticas de la época, ya que por primera vez en la historia de Chile la ceremonia religiosa no generaba para los contrayentes la adquisición del estado civil de casados. La promulgación de esta norma estatal generó dudas e inquietudes en el clero respecto a sus consecuencias en la feligresía y al modo en que afectaba sus mismas obligaciones parroquiales. La presente investigación busca identificar estas aprehensiones en la ciudad de Curicó, capital de la provincia del mismo nombre, a través de la correspondencia y otros documentos de su párroco, el presbítero José Joaquín Díaz. Se privilegia así una perspectiva local y el enfoque propio de la microhistoria para abordar un fenómeno que habitualmente se ha tratado desde una mirada global y centralista
Keanekaragaman Ikan Lais Di Sungai Tabuk Kabupaten Barito Selatan Kalimantan Tengah
Authors: Alviaqomah Syari , Rahmi Ennike Nike , Savitri Shanty , Fahrina Ririn , Haryono Agus 
Published: October 2024

Ikan lais memiliki peran penting dalam ekosistem sungai sebagai predator dan sumber pakan bagi predator lain. Namun, ikan ini juga rentan terhadap perubahan lingkungan. Penurunan kualitas air di Sungai Tabuk telah menjadi isu serius akibat aktivitas masyarakat, seperti penggunaan alat tangkap setrum, bahan kimia berbahaya seperti potas, dan pembuangan sampah sembarangan. Tindakan ini menyebabkan ancaman bagi kelangsungan hidup ikan lais akibat eksploitasi berlebihan, yang dapat merusak keseimbangan ekosistem sungai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis ikan lais dan tingkat keanekaragaman yang terdapat di sungai Tabuk, Kabupaten Barito Selatan, Kalimantan Tengah. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei lapangan dengan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi langsung di lokasi penelitian. pengambilan sampel ikan dilakukan dengan metode snowball sampling pada beberapa titik di sepanjang Sungai Tabuk. Hasil penelitian di sungai Tabuk Kabupaten Barito Selatan di peroleh spesies ikan lais yang tergolong kedalam 1 famili siluridae dari 4 genus yaitu Kryptopterus, Ompok, Belodontichthys dan Wallago dengan jumlah total yang didapatkan yaitu 381 ekor. Indeks keanekaragaman jenis ikan lais disungai Tabuk Kabupaten Barito Selatan berkisar antara 1,59-1,80. Sungai Tabuk memiliki keanekaragaman ikan lais yang bervariasi, yang dipengaruhi oleh kondisi lingkungan dan aktivitas manusia di sekitar bantaran sungai.
LEARNING ACADEMIC WRITING IN THE AGE OF AI THROUGH PATTERNING CHATGPT PROMPTED TEXTS: THE HARE VS. THE TORTOISE
Authors: Safir Kassim Boudjelal 
Published: October 2024

The quill is dead; long live AI. Generative AI writing tools or what is commonly known as GAI or GenAI are becoming the students’ best friends. Today, they are largely used -and abused- by students and surprisingly even researchers looking for the “perfect” text. Patterning GenAI content like ChatGPT is still an unexplored avenue. From this perspective, this paper tries to provide structured guidance for struggling post millennial learners. After asking ChatGPT to generate academic texts, a content analysis was conducted to unlock ChatGPT seemingly “perfect” writing style. The results of the research uncovered a series of decoded patterns that offers a treasure map and an academic journey to GenAI minds. Furthermore, this showed that (over) relying on GenAI machines or competing with them is simply counter-productive. Therefore, leaning WITH them is technically possible. Imagine for a second the great potential of such cooperation human - machine. Speed allied with imagination. Why not? Moving from a prohibitive approach to an inclusive one through learning with AI chatbots might be a solution.