bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term biosolids planning with an operational mega reservoir for combined sewer overflow‐impacted stormwater capture
Authors: Brose Dominic A. , O’Brien Peter , Moran‐Andrews Judy , Grabowy Jonathan S. , Kunetz Thomas E. , Podczerwinski Edward W. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago adopted the Tunnel and Reservoir Plan (TARP) to reduce combined sewer overflow (CSO) events in the Chicago region. The Thornton Composite Reservoir (TCR) became operational in 2015 providing an additional 30 million m3 of CSO‐impacted stormwater capacity. In the United States, no other mega reservoirs are in operation to provide as a reference to study the long‐term impacts of biosolids operations in water resource recovery facilities. The mean daily volume pumped from the Calumet TARP system to the Calumet Plant increased 144–238 m3 from 2012–2014 to 273–360 m3 from 2016–2018. Overall annual digester feed solids for the 2016–2018 post‐TCR period were 28,182 Mg, which was 11 percent less than the mean for the 2012–2014 period of 31,745 Mg. Annual digester draw solids for the 2016–2018 post‐TCR period were 19,422 Mg, which were 4 percent less than the 2012–2014 pre‐TCR period mean of 20,190 Mg. This paper demonstrated a decrease in digester feed loading to the Calumet Plant and, ultimately, a decrease in digester draw solids with an overall increase in plant and TARP flow in the years following operation of the TCR for the capture and treatment of CSO‐impacted stormwater.Practitioner points

Reservoirs capturing combined sewer overflow‐impacted stormwater improve water quality of local waterways.

Mega reservoirs may impact solids loading to water resource recovery facilities.

Hydraulic loading to water resource recovery facilities may be substantial with mega reservoirs.
Selective attentional bias to food-related stimuli in healthy individuals with characteristics towards orthorexia nervosa
Authors: Albery Ian P. , Michalska Monika , Moss Antony C. , Spada Marcantonio 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Purpose
It has been argued that orthorexia nervosa (ON) is a unique type of disordered eating of food considered by the individual to be healthy. Given that in other eating disorder populations attentional preference for food-related cues influences eating behaviours, is it also likely that these biases may be a characteristic of ON tendency.

Methods
Eighty healthy individuals completed the ORTO-15 questionnaire (ON tendency), a modified Stroop task containing words related to healthy and unhealthy foods and perceived hunger levels pre- and post-testing. The ORTO-15 was used to identify participants within this sample who demonstrated more or less of the characteristics of ON.

Results
Results suggest that the presence of attentional bias to healthy, but not for unhealthy food-related stimuli independently predict increased ON tendency. Increased attentional bias towards healthy food-related stimuli is associated with increased scores on the ORTO-15.

Conclusion
Attentional bias, as a deficit in information processing, towards healthy food-related stimuli accounts for variability in ON characteristics.

Level of evidence
Level I, experimental study.
Comparative alternation iny-adjectives: insights from self-paced reading
Authors: CHUA DEBORAH 
Published: July 2019

abstractY-adjectives are English adjectives that end in an orthographic <y> and a /i/ sound, for examplelazy. Deriving its hypotheses from previous corpus findings and construction-based principles to language study, the experiment here reported validates the benefit a comparative alternation account ofy-adjectives will accrue from a consideration ofmoreand -erconstructions across disyllabic adjectives that are noty-ones (called the HANDSOME adjectives). Reading times related to the comparative constructions of morphologically complex and simpley-adjectives were collected before and after native speaker exposure to one of three treatments – a dialogue comprising multiple HANDSOMEmoreconstructions, a dialogue comprising multiple HANDSOME-erconstructions, or a control condition. Processing ofy-adjectivemoreconstructions was found eased with exposure to HANDSOMEmoreconstructions. This exposure moreover overrode an anticipated processing ease for simpley-adjective -erconstructions, while an exposure to HANDSOME -erconstructions overrode an anticipated processing ease for complexy-adjectivemoreconstructions. The findings support the value of a constructional approach to understandingy-adjective comparatives.
Pinpointing Deep Geothermal Upflow in Zones of Complex Tectono‐Volcanic Degassing: New Insights from Aluto Volcano, Main Ethiopian Rift
Authors: Jolie E. , Hutchison W. , Driba D.L. , Jentsch A. , Gizaw B. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractActive rifts release large amounts of gases from deep sources to the atmosphere by advection and diffusion processes along permeable fracture zones. The objective of this study is to develop geothermal exploration concepts for areas with little or no hydrothermal surface expressions suitable for fluid sampling and analyses (e.g., hot springs, geysers, and fumaroles). In such areas, soil gas surveys can complement established geophysical and geochemical exploration. We report CO2, 222Rn (radon), and 220Rn (thoron) emission data and ground temperatures from the Aluto volcanic complex in the Main Ethiopian Rift to improve understanding of tectonic and volcanic controls on the existing geothermal system. This suite of gas emission measurements allows us to identify major, deep‐rooted permeable structures with active fluid circulation and identify suitable drilling targets for geothermal production wells on Aluto. We show that significant differences in gas signatures (i.e., efflux and spatial pattern) can be used to identify predominantly volcanically and/or tectonically influenced compartments. Major gas emissions indicate significant fluid circulation at depth, which is typical for magmatic systems. Such high gas emissions have been observed in areas affected by major tectonic structures interacting with magmatic bodies at depth (tectono‐volcanic). Predominantly fault‐controlled sectors also show hydrothermal fluid circulation, but to a lower extent compared to tectono‐volcanic sectors. Within the Aluto volcanic complex, geothermal production wells mainly target such fault‐controlled domains, whereas results of the study indicate strongest fluid circulation in tectono‐volcanic sectors. This result should be considered for the future exploration and development strategy of the site.
Sediments of Matsushima Bay, Northeastern Japan: Insights Gained From 5 Years of Sedimentological Analysis Following the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake‐Tsunami
Authors: Ota Yuki , Suzuki Atsushi , Yamaoka Kyoko , Nagao Masayuki , Tanaka Yuichiro , Irizuki Toshiaki , Fujiwara Osamu , Yoshioka Kaoru , Kawagata Shungo , Kawano Shigenori , Nishimura Osamu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMatsushima Bay was less affected by the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake Tsunami than other Pacific coastal areas of northeast Japan because of the sheltering effects of islands in the bay mouth. To understand the recovery from the 2011 tsunami of benthic environments in Matsushima Bay, we conducted surveys of the geochemical properties of surface sediments over 5 years following the earthquake and compared them to sedimentary data before the earthquake. Before the tsunami, the mud fraction (<63‐μm size) proportion of the surface sediments varied over a wide range, whereas after the tsunami, the mud content range was relatively narrow. During 2012–2015, the mud content was linearly correlated with the total organic carbon (TOC) content, but the slope of the relationship differed from that before the tsunami. The tightly coupled mud‐TOC relationship and the almost constant C/N ratios in the surface sediments suggest that the bay sediments were resuspended and transported by the tsunami. In addition, loss of some organic matter sources in the bay may partly account for the uniform C/N ratios. By 2016, the slope of the mud‐TOC relationship was almost the same as the pretsunami value, but the C/N ratios remained constant. These results suggest that ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles in the bay had not yet fully recovered their pretsunami state. Trace element compositions of core samples indicated that sediment sources were little changed by the tsunami, probably because islands in the mouth of the bay reduced sediment transport into the bay from distant sources.
Solar Wind Properties and Geospace Impact of Coronal Mass Ejection‐Driven Sheath Regions: Variation and Driver Dependence
Authors: Kilpua E. K. J. , Fontaine D. , Moissard C. , Ala‐Lahti M. , Palmerio E. , Yordanova E. , Good S. W. , Kalliokoski M. M. H. , Lumme E. , Osmane A. , Palmroth M. , Turc L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe present a statistical study of interplanetary conditions and geospace response to 89 coronal mass ejection‐driven sheaths observed during Solar Cycles 23 and 24. We investigate in particular the dependencies on the driver properties and variations across the sheath. We find that the ejecta speed principally controls the sheath geoeffectiveness and shows the highest correlations with sheath parameters, in particular in the region closest to the shock. Sheaths of fast ejecta have on average high solar wind speeds, magnetic (B) field magnitudes, and fluctuations, and they generate efficiently strong out‐of‐ecliptic fields. Slow‐ejecta sheaths are considerably slower and have weaker fields and field fluctuations, and therefore they cause primarily moderate geospace activity. Sheaths of weak and strong B field ejecta have distinct properties, but differences in their geoeffectiveness are less drastic. Sheaths of fast and strong ejecta push the subsolar magnetopause significantly earthward, often even beyond geostationary orbit. Slow‐ejecta sheaths also compress the magnetopause significantly due to their large densities that are likely a result of their relatively long propagation times and source near the streamer belt. We find the regions near the shock and ejecta leading edge to be the most geoeffective parts of the sheath. These regions are also associated with the largest B field magnitudes, out‐of‐ecliptic fields, and field fluctuations as well as largest speeds and densities. The variations, however, depend on driver properties. Forecasting sheath properties is challenging due to their variable nature, but the dependence on ejecta properties determined in this work could help to estimate sheath geoeffectiveness through remote‐sensing coronal mass ejection observations.
Gap Filling of High‐Resolution Soil Moisture for SMAP/Sentinel‐1: A Two‐Layer Machine Learning‐Based Framework
Authors: Mao Hanzi , Kathuria Dhruva , Duffield Nick , Mohanty Binayak P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAs the most recent 3‐km soil moisture product from the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission, the SMAP/Sentinel‐1 L2_SM_SP product has a unique capability to provide global‐scale 3‐km soil moisture estimates through the fusion of radar and radiometer microwave observations. The spatial and temporal availability of this high‐resolution soil moisture product depends on concurrent radar and radiometer observations which is significantly restricted by the narrow swath and low revisit schedule of the Sentinel‐1 radars. To address this issue, this paper presents a novel two‐layer machine learning‐based framework which predicts the brightness temperature and subsequently the soil moisture at gap areas. The proposed method is able to gap‐fill soil moisture satisfactorily at areas where the radiometer observations are available while the radar observations are missing. We find that incorporating historical radar backscatter measurements (30‐day average) into the machine learning framework boosts its predictive performance. The effectiveness of the two‐layer framework is validated against regional holdout SMAP/Sentinel‐1 3‐km soil moisture estimates at four study areas with distinct climate regimes. Results indicate that our proposed method is able to reconstruct 3‐km soil moisture at gap areas with high Pearson correlation coefficient (47%/35%/20%/80% improvement of mean R, at Arizona/Oklahoma/Iowa/Arkansas) and low unbiased Root Mean Square Error (20%/10%/7%/26% improvement of mean unbiased root mean square error) when compared to the SMAP 33‐km soil moisture product. Additional validations against airborne data and in situ data from soil moisture networks are also satisfactory.
Lactobacillus bulgaricus improves antioxidant capacity of black garlic in the prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus: a randomized control trial
Authors: Si Lihui , Lin Ruixin , Jia Yan , Jian Wenwen , Yu Qing , Wang Min , Yang Shuli 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Objectives: Lactobacillus bulgaricus may improve antioxidant capacity of black garlic in the prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
Methods: Black garlic was prepared with or without L. bulgaricus. Volatile and polysaccharides were analyzed by using LC-MS, Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The study design was parallel randomized controlled trial and 226 GDM patients were randomly assigned into BG (black garlic and L. bulgaricus) and CG (black garlic) groups, and allocation ratio was 1:1. The treatment duration was 40 weeks. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and 1- and 2-h blood glucose (1hBG and 2hBG) after oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were detected. Antioxidant function of black garlic was determined by measuring plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in GDM patients. The comparison between two groups was made using two independent samples t test.
Results: The intake of nutrients was similar between two groups (P&gt;0.05). L. bulgaricus promoted the transformation of the glucopyranoside to glucofuranoside. L. bulgaricus increased the abilities of black garlic for scavenging hydroxyl radicals, 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzenthiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid (ABTS) and DPPH free radicals. L. bulgaricus reduced the levels of FBG, 1hBG and 2hBG, and incidence of perinatal complications (P&lt;0.01). Plasma MDA level in the BG group was lower than in the CG group, whereas the levels of SOD, GSH-PX and T-AOC in the BG group were higher than in the CG group (P&lt;0.01).
Conclusions: L. bulgaricus improves antioxidant capacity of black garlic in the prevention of GDM.
High‐strength concrete containing RHA and nano‐CaCO3
Authors: Rahbar Yahya , Mousavi Seyed Yasin , Nasserabadi Heydar Dashti 
Published: July 2019

The properties of high‐strength concrete (HSC) containing rice‐husk ash (RHA) and nanocalcium carbonate (nano‐CaCO3) is evaluated. For this purpose, various HSC samples containing 0–20% RHA and 0–1.5% nano‐CaCO3 were prepared and investigated for the slump, compressive strength, absorption, electrical resistivity, chloride penetration depth and sulphuric acid (H2SO4) attack resistance. Results indicated that by a ternary combination of Portland cement (PC) + 10% RHA + 0.5% nano‐CaCO3, it is able to produce HSC with 28 days compressive strength of 101.7 MPa, which was 15% higher than that of estimated for plain HSC. Additionally, substituting optimum level of nano‐CaCO3 in HSC containing RHA could improve the electrical resistivity and reduce the water absorption and chloride ion penetration depth compared with binary use of PC + RHA. A lower mass loss has been determined for the ternary combination of PC + RHA + nano‐CaCO3 at all immersion times in 5% H2SO4 solution as compared with plain HSC. Moreover, considering HSC samples exposed to H2SO4 solution at the age of 84 days, it can be seen that the presence of nano‐CaCO3 in HSC containing RHA did not necessarily contribute to a significant reduction in the crushing load loss percentage compared with the binary use of PC + RHA.
Aktuelle Standards und Ausblicke in der Behandlung des Ösophaguskarzinoms
Authors: Graf Dirk , Häussinger Dieter 
Published: July 2019

Was ist neu?
Endoskopische Behandlung des mukosalen Frühkarzinoms (Tis und T1a) Die Mukosa-beschränkten Adeno- oder Plattenepithelkarzinome ohne Hinweis auf eine Gefäß- oder Lymphgefäßinfiltration mit guter oder mäßiger Differenzierung (G1–G2) sollten einer endoskopischen Resektion unterzogen werden.
Lokal begrenzte Stadien: T1b- und T2N0M0-Tumoren Für diese Patienten stellt die primäre komplette chirurgische Resektion inklusive Lymphadenektomie die Therapie der Wahl dar.
Lokal fortgeschrittene Stadien: cT3 / cT4-Tumoren oder cN1- bis cN3-Tumoren Im Falle von Adenokarzinomen sollten diese entweder perioperativ mit Chemotherapie (Goldstandard FLOT) oder wie Plattenepithelkarzinome neoadjuvant mit einer Radiochemotherapie behandelt werden. Chirurgischerseits geht der Trend zunehmend zum Einsatz von Hybridverfahren (Laparoskopie und offene Thorakotomie bzw. offene Laparotomie und Thorakoskopie) oder zu komplett minimalinvasiven Verfahren.
Palliative Chemotherapie Eine palliative Chemotherapie kann bei Patienten mit metastasiertem Adenokarzinom des Ösophagus das mediane Gesamtüberleben verbessern.
Vitamin D im Alter: Ist der Hype definitiv vorüber?
Authors: Bischoff-Ferrari Heike A. 
Published: July 2019

Was ist neu?
Metaanalysen zur Wirkung von Vitamin D In den Jahren 2016 bis 2018 wurden 4 Metaanalysen publiziert, um den Nutzen von Vitamin D für die Frakturprävention zu untersuchen. 2 dieser Metaanalysen konzentrierten sich auf die Primärprävention von Frakturen bei Erwachsenen ab 50 Jahren, bei denen kein Risiko für Frakturen und kein Vitamin-D-Mangel bestand. Eine weitere Metaanalyse konzentrierte sich auf die Kombination von Vitamin D plus Kalzium und die zuletzt publizierte Metaanalyse auf die individuelle Wirkung von Vitamin D ohne Kalzium. Bezogen auf die heutigen Richtlinien ist wichtig, dass sich nur 1 der 3 jüngsten Metaanalysen vorwiegend an Erwachsene ab 65 Jahren mit erhöhtem Risiko bezüglich Stürze, Frakturen und Vitamin-D-Mangel richtete.
Was können wir nun empfehlen? In Anbetracht und nach kritischer Prüfung der Metaanalysen zu Vitamin D und Frakturprävention ist eine Vitamin-D-Supplementation mit oder ohne Kalzium bei älteren Erwachsenen ab 65 Jahren mit einem erhöhten Risiko für Vitamin-D-Mangel und einem erhöhten Risiko für Frakturen weiterhin sinnvoll.
Kristallarthritiden
Authors: Tausche Anne-Kathrin , Reuss-Borst Monika 
Published: July 2019

Was ist neu?
Kristallarthritiden – Mikroskopie für die Diagnose essenziell Für die Diagnosesicherung der Kristallarthritiden ist für den Rheumatologen der mikroskopische Nachweis von Harnsäure- und/oder Kalziumpyrophosphat-Kristallen rasch bettseitig durchführbar. Ist eine Punktion nicht möglich, kann die Dual-Energy-Computertomografie helfen, Harnsäurekristalle sichtbar zu machen.
Gemeinsame Pathophysiologie der Kristall-vermittelten Entzündung Kristalle stellen „Gefahrensignale“ für das angeborene Immunsystem dar. Die unmittelbare Freisetzung von Interleukin 1β erklärt die anfallsartige Klinik, die allen Kristallarthritiden gemeinsam ist.
Antientzündliche Therapie der Kristallarthritiden Neben unspezifisch wirkenden antientzündlichen Therapien erklärt die gemeinsame Pathophysiologie (Aktivierung des Inflammasom-Komplexes und Interleukin-1β-Freisetzung) die Wirksamkeit von IL-1β-Antikörper-Therapien. Niedrig dosiertes Colchicin ist zur Anfallstherapie und in der Prophylaxe von entzündlichen Schüben eine wertvolle Therapieoption.
Kausale Therapie mit guter Evidenz bisher nur für die Gicht Nur durch eine langfristige konsequente Harnsäuresenkung unter den Harnsäurezielwert < 360 µmol/l (< 6 mg/dl) kann eine dauerhafte Remission der Gicht erreicht werden. Patienten mit dekompensierter Herzinsuffizienz und instabiler KHK sollten nicht primär Febuxostat erhalten. Die neue Kombinationsmöglichkeit von Allopurinol mit dem Urikosurikum Lesinurad wäre gerade für diese Patienten eine Alternative; aktuell ist Lesinurad in Deutschland (noch) nicht erstattungsfähig.
Aromapflege: Das riecht aber gut!
Authors: Mazurek Christian 
Published: July 2019

ZusammenfassungAromapflege stimuliert nicht nur unseren Geruchsinn – in der Versorgung von
psychisch erkrankten Menschen leistet sie noch viel mehr: Sie lindert belastende
psychische Symptome, steigert die Lebensqualität und kann dazu beitragen, dass
Patienten mehr Verantwortung für sich selbst übernehmen.
Pseudoaneurysm of Internal Carotid Artery following Endoscopic Endonasal Pituitary Surgery requiring Endovascular Treatment in an Acromegalic Patient with a Difficult Airway
Authors: Rodrigues Joanna S. , Gupta Ankit , Parakh Anil 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA pituitary tumor scheduled for surgical excision can eventuate with a myriad of challenges. A 49-year-old acromegalic patient was admitted to our hospital for trans-nasal trans-sphenoidal pituitary surgery. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of his brain revealed a well-defined lesion involving right half of the anterior lobe of pituitary. In the operating room, we encountered difficulty in management of the airway. The trachea could be intubated using fiberoptic bronchoscope via a proseal laryngeal mask airway after five attempts of failed intubation. Intraoperatively, the right internal carotid artery (ICA) was injured during excision of lateral part of the tumor with a blood loss of 3.5 L. Adenosine use to aid hemostasis was unsuccessful. Endovascular coil embolization was done to treat the pseudoaneurysm developed in the right ICA, to restore the blood flow. During this process, the patient developed medial rectus palsy and ptosis in the right eye, which improved gradually. The above amalgamation of maladies commanded an integrated and well-coordinated team approach to manage the catastrophic complications.
Tranexamic Acid in Neuroanesthesia and Neurocritical Care: Time for Its Critical Appraisal
Authors: Hooda Bhavna , Muthuchellappan Radhakrishnan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThere is a renewed interest in the use of antifibrinolytics, especially tranexamic acid (TxA), in varied clinical settings such as trauma, perioperative bleeding, cardiac surgery, and multilevel spine instrumentation procedures. Because of its prothrombotic potential, the use of TxA in neurosurgical disorders has not gained popularity since this subset of the population is more prone to developing thromboembolic complications. However, recent studies have shown that TxA reduces blood loss, reduces the need for allogeneic blood transfusion, and is associated with minimal side effects. In this narrative review, Google Scholar, PubMed, and EMBASE databases were searched to identify publications relevant to the current use of TxA in varied neurosurgical and critical care settings. These publications were analyzed, and a summary of the findings and the role of future research on this drug are presented in this review.