bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural traits dictate abiotic stress amelioration by intertidal oysters
Authors: McAfee Dominic , Bishop Melanie J. , Yu Tai‐Nga , Williams Gray A. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Autogenic ecosystem engineers often provide cool microhabitats which are used by associated organisms to reduce thermal extremes. The value of such habitats is, however, dependent on key structural traits of the ecosystem engineer, and the intensity and duration of thermal exposure.

Using an experimental mesocosm that mimicked the rocky intertidal environment, we assessed how the spatial configuration of the habitat formed by an autogenic ecosystem engineer, the oyster, influences its capacity to mitigate heat stress experienced by invertebrates during simulated emersion periods on tropical, Hong Kong rocky shores.

At the average temperature experienced during summer low tides, oyster habitat ameliorated environmental and organismal temperatures, irrespective of the structural configuration of the oyster bed. As temperatures increased, however, vertically orientated oysters provided microclimates that facilitated cooler invertebrate body temperatures than horizontal beds, which no longer conferred any associational benefit as compared to bare rock surfaces.

In the absence of oysters, physiological indicators of stress to associated organisms (i.e., heart rate and osmolality) increased with the intensity and duration of exposure to high temperatures. Such effects were, however, mitigated by association with vertical but not horizontal oyster configurations. In contrast, the osmolality of the oysters was not related to temperature, suggesting they remained in a state of metabolic quiescence throughout emersion.

Structural traits such as the spatial configuration of ecosystem engineers are therefore critical to their effectiveness in environmental amelioration. As such, variations in the morphological traits of ecosystem engineers, which have important implications for their ecological role, need to be incorporated into conservation and restoration projects aimed at climate change adaptation.

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Writing on the Wall: Street Art in Graffiti‐free Singapore
Authors: Chang T.C. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe legalization of graffiti in many cities has impacted urban landscapes and the way artists and the public view graffiti, street art and the city as well. This article considers the genesis, process and consequences of legal walls programmes firstly by introducing and differentiating the key terms ‘graffiti’, ‘street art’ and ‘legal walls’, then by examining an empirical case, that of Singapore. Renowned as a graffiti‐averse and litter‐free city, Singapore's recent about‐turn in legalizing illicit art forms illustrates changing government perspectives on creativity and legality in the country. Why the government has effected this change, how artists and members of the public have responded to it and the resultant art forms are critically explored. The conclusion reflects on four key lessons from Singapore for cities in general.
Sweet fish: Fish models for the study of hyperglycemia and diabetes
Authors: Krishnan Jaya , Rohner Nicolas 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFish are good for your health in more ways than you may expect. For one, eating fish is a common dietary recommendation for a healthy diet. However, fish have much more to provide than omega‐3 fatty acids to your circulatory system. Some fish species now serve as important and innovative model systems for diabetes research, providing novel and unique advantages compared with classical research models. Not surprisingly, the largest share of diabetes research in fish occurs in the laboratory workhorse among fish, the zebrafish (Danio rerio). Established as a genetic model system to study development, these small cyprinid fish have eventually conquered almost every scientific discipline and, over the past decade, have emerged as an important model system for metabolic diseases, including diabetes mellitus. In this review we highlight the practicability of using zebrafish to study diabetes and hyperglycemia, and summarize some of the recent research and breakthroughs made using this model. Equally exciting is the appearance of another emerging discipline, one that is taking advantage of evolution by studying cases of naturally occurring insulin resistance in fish species. We briefly discuss two such models in this review, namely the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and the cavefish (Astyanax mexicanus).
Tumor microenvironmental factors have prognostic significances in advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Ahn Bokyung , Chae Yang‐Seok , Kim Chul Hwan , Lee Youngseok , Lee Jeong Hyeon , Kim Joo Young 
Published: September 2018

Tumor microenvironment is important in the progression and survival of cancer cells. We evaluated the prognostic significance of tumor stroma percentage (TSP), Klintrup–Mäkinen (KM) grade, which reflects the density of inflammatory cells of the tumor, and Glasgow microenvironment score (GMS), a combination of TSP and KM grade, in advanced gastric cancers. A total of 196 pT3 and pT4 gastric cancers were histologically evaluated using TSP, KM grade, and GMS. These were correlated with other clinicopathologic factors including patients’ survival. High TSP (78 cases), low KM grade (124 cases), and higher GMS (score 0, 72 cases; 1, 53 cases; and 2, 71 cases) were correlated with poor differentiation, diffuse type, presence of lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, and lymph node metastasis. High TSP was significantly correlated with low KM grade (p < 0.001). High TSP (HR, 3.079, 95% CI, 1.612–5.883, p = 0.001), low KM grade (3.201, 1.774–5.776, p < 0.001), and higher GMS (12.274, 3.684–40.895, p < 0.001) were independent poor prognostic factors. TSP, KM grade, and GMS are significantly associated with clinicopathologic behavior and patients’ survival. Assessing these factors is a feasible and cost‐effective way to identify tumor microenvironment with different biological features and prognosis of gastric cancer patients.
An IRS‐facilitated collective issue‐quest approach to enhancing students’ learning achievement, self‐regulation and collective efficacy in flipped classrooms
Authors: Chen Pei‐Ying , Hwang Gwo‐Jen 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFlipped classrooms have been recognized as a potential approach that enables students to have flexible time to learn before the class as well as more opportunities to apply knowledge and to interact with peers and the teacher in the class. On the other hand, researchers have pointed out the challenge of engaging students in self‐regulated learning and active participation in flipped classrooms. In this study, an Instant Response System (IRS)‐facilitated collective issue‐quest strategy is proposed for engaging students in active and self‐regulated flipped learning. Moreover, a quasi‐experimental design was conducted with undergraduate students in an internet marketing course in northern Taiwan to investigate the impacts of the proposed approach on the students’ learning achievement, self‐regulation, learning satisfaction and collective efficacy. The experimental results revealed that the learning achievement, collective efficacy and satisfaction of the students who learned with the proposed approach were significantly better than those of the students learning with the conventional flipped classroom approach. Moreover, in the “environment,” “task strategies” and “help seeking” dimensions of self‐regulation, the former had significantly higher ratings than the latter. This study contributes analysis results that highlight the benefits of implementing the IRS‐facilitated collective issue‐quest approach in the flipped classroom. The results of this research may provide a valuable reference for future studies and practice in the field.
Recommended practices to organize and deliver school‐based services for children with disabilities: A scoping review
Authors: Anaby Dana R. , Campbell Wenonah N. , Missiuna Cheryl , Shaw Steven R. , Bennett Sheila , Khan Sitara , Tremblay Stephanie , Kalubi‐Lukusa Jean‐Claude , Camden Chantal ,   GOLDs (Group for Optimizing Leadership and Delivering Services)
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundInclusive educational environments can have a positive effect on the general health and well‐being of children with disabilities. However, their level of academic success and participation remains limited. Considering scarce resources and high needs, identifying efficient methods for providing interdisciplinary services is critical. This scoping review, therefore, aims to (a) synthesize current evidence about principles for organizing and delivering interdisciplinary school‐based support services for students with disabilities and (b) ascertain useful strategies for implementation of principles in the school setting.MethodsScholarly and grey literature in rehabilitation and education were reviewed collaboratively with school‐based stakeholders. A search of five databases identified 13,141 references and resulted in 56 relevant articles published from 1998 to 2017. Information (e.g., principles to organize services and strategies for implementation) was extracted, and thematic analysis was used to summarize findings.ResultsWithin the documents retained, 65% were scientific and 35% were grey. Services primarily targeted students with behavioral issues, followed by those with cognitive and learning disabilities with a focus on improving social–emotional functioning and academic performance. Thematic analysis revealed 10 common principles to guide service organization (e.g., collaborative interventions and support for teachers) and seven implementation strategies (e.g., training and coordination) for employing these principles.ConclusionsFindings can guide rehabilitation professionals, educators, and policy makers in restructuring well‐coordinated collaborative services involving training and capacity‐building of school‐based service providers. Such knowledge can contribute to the improved provision of care and, consequently, promote children's school participation and inclusion.
Effect of titanium surface functionalization with bioactive glass on osseointegration: An experimental study in dogs
Authors: Soares Priscilla Barbosa Ferreira , Moura Camilla Christian Gomes , Chinaglia Clever Ricardo , Zanotto Edgar Dutra , Zanetta‐Barbosa Darceny , Stavropoulos Andreas 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of surface functionalization with bioactive glass BSF18 on the osseointegration of sandblasted and dual acid‐etched surface (AE) implants.Methods and MaterialsForty Morse taper implants with an AE surface as controls (C) or with an AE surface functionalized with BSF18 (BF) were placed in the mandibles of 10 beagles. Implants were analyzed after 2 and 4 weeks of healing. Implant stability quotient (ISQ) values were registered immediately after installation and prior to sacrifice. Samples were analyzed for bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC) and bone density (BD). The characterization of BF implants included surface roughness analysis with atomic force microscopy and contact angle (CA) analysis to evaluate wettability. Data were analyzed using two‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test (p < 0.05).ResultsSurface roughness was not affected by BF treatment. CA was lower in the BF group compared to the C group. No significant difference was observed in ISQ values between surfaces (p = 0,231), irrespective of time. Significantly higher ISQ values were observed for both implants after 4 weeks when compared with baseline (p = 0.04). Significantly higher BIC (p = 0.011) and BD (p = 0.025) values were observed for the BF compared to the C group at 2 weeks. Significantly higher BIC (p = 0.030) and BD (p = 0.015) values for the C group were observed at 4 weeks compared to 2 weeks. No significant difference was observed in the BF group between 2 and 4 weeks.ConclusionsImplant functionalization with BSF18 improved the wettability of the implant surface; enhancing BIC and BD at 2 weeks.
Losartan reverses impaired osseointegration in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Mulinari-Santos Gabriel , de Souza Batista Fábio Roberto , Kirchweger Franziska , Tangl Stefan , Gruber Reinhard , Okamoto Roberta 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveHypertension is not only associated with cardiovascular diseases but also with alterations in bone quality. Hypertension therefore might be a risk factor for osseointegration. Preclinical studies suggest that losartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker widely used to treat hypertension, has a beneficial effect in graft consolidation. Here, we determine the effect of hypertension and losartan on osseointegration.MethodsWe used spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar albinus rats receiving losartan (30 mg/kg, p.o.) or left untreated. After 1 week, titanium miniscrews were inserted into the tibia. Sixty days after implantation, implant stability was evaluated by removal torque measurement considered the primary endpoint. Microcomputed tomography and histomorphometric analysis were secondary endpoints.ResultsLosartan increased the removal torque in the hypertensive SHR group to levels of the Wistar controls. While the cortical parameters of osseointegration remained unchanged, losartan increased medullary bone formation. Microcomputed tomography revealed a higher bone volume per tissue volume and trabecular thickness in the SHR rats treated with losartan. Histomorphometric analysis further showed that losartan significantly increased the thickness of newly formed bone in medullary area in hypertensive SHR rats. Losartan did not significantly alter the parameters of osseointegration in normotensive rats.ConclusionsThe data presented suggest that the angiotensin II receptor antagonist losartan increases the medullary parameters of osseointegration in a tibia model of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Considering the study limitations, understanding the impact of hypertension and the respective drugs on osseointegration requires further research.
Phylogeography of the highly invasive sugar beet nematode, Heterodera schachtii (Schmidt, 1871), based on microsatellites
Authors: Kim Jiyeon , Ni Gang , Kim Taeho , Chun Jae‐Yong , Kern Elizabeth M. A. , Park Joong‐Ki 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPlant‐parasitic nematodes (PPNs) threaten crop production worldwide. Yet few studies have examined their intraspecific genetic diversity or patterns of invasion, critical data for managing the spread of these cryptic pests. The sugar beet nematode Heterodera schachtii, a global invader that parasitizes over 200 plant species, represents a model for addressing important questions about the invasion genetics of PPNs. Here, a phylogeographic study using 15 microsatellite markers was conducted on 231 H. schachtii individuals sampled from four continents, and invasion history was reconstructed through an approximate Bayesian computation approach, with emphasis on the origin of newly discovered populations in Korea. Multiple analyses confirmed the existence of cryptic lineages within this species, with the Korean populations comprising one group (group 1) and the populations from Europe, Australia, North America, and western Asia comprising another (group 2). No multilocus genotypes were shared between the two groups, and large genetic distance was inferred between them. Population subdivision was also revealed among the populations of group 2 in both population comparison and STRUCTURE analyses, mostly due to different divergent times between invasive and source populations. The Korean populations showed substantial genetic homogeneity and likely originated from a single invasion event. However, none of the other studied populations were implicated as the source. Further studies with additional populations are needed to better describe the distribution of the potential source population for the East Asian lineage.
The effect of adherent thickness on fatigue life of adhesively bonded joints
Authors: Shahani Amir Reza , Pourhosseini Seyed Majid 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe effect of adherent thickness on the fatigue performance, fatigue limit, and failure mode of adhesively bonded thin aluminum single lap joint (SLJ) was experimentally and numerically investigated. High‐cycle fatigue tests were performed, and fatigue life was estimated using various fatigue criteria and finite element modeling. Based on the experimental results, increase in adherent thickness leads to increase in fatigue limit. In addition, failure location changes from adhesive to adherent by increasing the adherent thickness. It seems that in adherent failure, selecting a sheet with higher fatigue strength is required to achieve higher fatigue life. Also, based on the analysis of different fatigue criteria, Smith‐Watson‐Topper criterion could predict the joint fatigue life more accurately by considering the mean stress effect and the plastic strain. Finally, as an important result, an unsymmetrical SLJ specimen was evaluated as an industrial case study, and the empirical estimated life was consistent with the experimental results.
Energy dynamics of subyearling Chinook salmon reveal the importance of piscivory to short‐term growth during early marine residence
Authors: Litz Marisa N. C. , Miller Jessica A. , Brodeur Richard D. , Daly Elizabeth A. , Weitkamp Laurie A. , Hansen Adam G. , Claiborne Andrew M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractVariation in prey quantity and quality can influence growth and survival of marine predators, including anadromous fish that migrate from freshwater systems. The objective of this study was to examine the energy dynamics of subyearling Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) following freshwater emigration. To address this objective, a population of Chinook salmon and their marine prey were repeatedly sampled from June to September over 2 years in coastal waters off Oregon and Washington. Subyearlings from the same population were also reared under laboratory conditions. Using a bioenergetics model evaluated in the laboratory, we found that growth rate variability in the field was associated more with differences in northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) consumption and less with variation in diet energy density or ocean temperature. Highest growth rates (2.43–3.22% body weight/day) occurred in months when anchovy biomass peaked, and the timing of peak anchovy biomass varied by year. Our results support a general pattern among subyearling Chinook salmon occurring from Alaska to California that feeding rates contribute most to growth rate variability during early marine residence, although dominant prey types can differ seasonally, annually, or by ecosystem. In the northern California Current, faster growth appears to be associated with the availability of age‐0 anchovy. Identifying factors that influence the seasonal development of the prey field and regulate prey quantity and quality will improve understanding of salmon growth and survival during early marine residence.
Preadmission frailty status as a powerful predictor of dependency after discharge among hospitalized older patients: A clinical‐based prospective study
Authors: Koyama Shingo , Katata Hironobu , Ishiyama Daisuke , Komatsu Takuma , Fujimoto Junko , Suzuki Mizue , Yamada Minoru , Yamatoku Masato 
Published: September 2018

AimFrailty is a predictor of several adverse health outcomes in older adults. However, the relationship between preadmission frailty status and the incidence of dependency after discharge in hospitalized older patients remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to determine whether preadmission frailty status can predict dependency after discharge among hospitalized older patients.MethodsWe analyzed the cohort data for hospitalized older patients (aged ≥65 years) with internal medical problems obtained from a prospective study. The main outcome was the incidence of dependency from admission to a month after discharge. The frailty status was assessed using the Kihon Checklist. We defined scores of ≥8 as frail, 4–7 as pre‐frail and 0–3 as robust. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate the hazard ratios and confidence intervals of the relationships between preadmission frailty status and the incidence of dependency.ResultsA total of 151 participants who completed follow ups were analyzed (mean age 77.2 years [SD 6.9 years]). The prevalence of frailty, pre‐frailty and robust was 22.5%, 37.8% and 39.7%, respectively. During the follow‐up period, 39 participants (25.8%) had an incidence of dependency. Participants with frailty (adjusted hazard ratio 4.29, 95% confidence interval 1.72–10.69) had a significantly elevated incidence of dependency compared with that of robust participants. Participants with pre‐frailty (adjusted hazard ratio 1.27, 95% confidence interval 0.51–10.69) had no significantly elevated incidence of dependency compared with robust participants.ConclusionsThe preadmission frailty status using the Kihon Checklist can predict the incidence of dependency after discharge among hospitalized older patients. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 1609–1613.
Reciprocating instrumentation in a maxillary primary central incisor: A protocol tested in a 3D printed prototype
Authors: Moraes Rafael dos Reis , Santos Thaís Maria Pires dos , Marceliano‐Alves Marília Fagury , Pintor Andreá Vaz Braga , Lopes Ricardo Tadeu , Primo Laura Guimarães , Neves Aline de Almeida 
Published: September 2018

SummaryBackgroundEfficient endodontic instrumentation of primary teeth is a challenge for paediatric dentists.AimTo evaluate biomechanical outcomes of endodontic instrumentation with a reciprocating system in a polymer‐prototyped primary maxillary central incisor.DesignThe specimen was systematically instrumented and micro‐CTscanned before and after each file. The amount of debris, percentage of non‐instrumented areas, removed dentin volume, and lower dentin thickness at specific points along the root canal were analyzed.ResultsA 10% increase in removed dentin volume was observed when R40 was compared to R25 (14.5% vs 4.2%). When comparing R50 with R40, this increase was only 3.4% (17.9% vs 14.5%). In the root cervical third, there was substantial reduction in dentin thickness with R50 (48.8%), followed by R40 (39.5%) and R25 (18.6%). There was no difference between R25 and R40 in the removal of dentin at the apical third (15.8%), while R50 resulted in 39.8% reduction in dentin thickness. Percentage of non‐instrumented areas were the same for all files. Accumulated debris with R40 and R50 was the same (0.19 mm³) while for R25 was 0.11 mm³.ConclusionsThe Reciproc®system was effective for instrumentation of a prototyped primary maxillary central incisor. The most suitable file for apical preparation was R40.
Studying the effects of computer serious games on people with intellectual disabilities or autism spectrum disorder: A systematic literature review
Authors: Tsikinas Stavros , Xinogalos Stelios 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis study examines the available literature on the effects of serious games on people with intellectual disabilities or autism spectrum disorder. The studies were categorized based on the limitations in skills that these people address. Fifty‐four studies were selected, from different data sources. These studies address limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviour. The results showed that the majority of studies on the effects of serious games for people with intellectual disabilities or autism spectrum disorder had a positive impact. Also, most studies for people with autism aim to improve social and communicational skills, whereas conceptual and cognitive skills were mainly observed in studies for people with intellectual disabilities. Although this study covers serious games in all platforms or delivery systems, the overwhelming majority of the presented studies include computer serious games. Computer‐assisted learning through serious games is considered quite promising for people with intellectual disabilities or autism spectrum disorder.