bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impulse oscillometry measurement of distal airways obstruction in depleted uranium‐exposed Gulf War veterans
Authors: Hines Stella E. , Barnes Ashley H. , Brown Clayton , Gucer Patricia , Oliver Marc S. , Gaitens Joanna M. , Condon Marian , McDiarmid Melissa 
Published: February 2018

IntroductionA cohort of Gulf War I veterans who sustained exposure to depleted uranium undergoes biennial surveillance for potential uranium‐related health effects. We performed impulse oscillometry and hypothesized that veterans with higher uranium body burdens would have more obstructive abnormalities than those with lower burdens.MethodsWe compared pulmonary function of veterans in high versus low urine uranium groups by evaluating spirometry and oscillometry values.ResultsOverall mean spirometry and oscillometry resistance values fell within the normal ranges. There were no significant differences between the high and low uranium groups for any parameters. However, more veterans were classified as having obstruction by oscillometry (42%) than spirometry (8%).ConclusionsWhile oscillometry identified more veterans as obstructed, obstruction was not uranium‐related. However, the added sensitivity of this method implies a benefit in wider surveillance of exposed cohorts and holds promise in identifying abnormalities in areas of the lung historically described as silent.
Herkunftsbezogene Nomenklatur für einstrangige Homo‐ und Copolymere (IUPAC‐Empfehlungen 2016)
Authors: Hellwich Karl‐Heinz , Roy Kathrin‐M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIUPAC‐Empfehlungen zur herkunftsbezogenen Nomenklatur für einstrangige Polymere wurden bisher hauptsächlich im Hinblick auf Copolymere, nichtlineare Polymere und Polymerassoziate sowie im Zusammenhang mit der generischen herkunftsbezogenen Polymernomenklatur formuliert. Im Folgenden werden möglichst klare und präzise Regeln zur Entwicklung eines geeigneten herkunftsbezogenen Namens für ein Polymer, ob Homopolymer oder Copolymer, formuliert. Somit wird das herkunftsbezogene System zur Benennung von Polymeren in einer Gesamtheit vorgelegt, die als nutzerfreundliche Alternative zum strukturbezogenen System der Polymernomenklatur dient. Zudem wurden Empfehlungen für die Verwendung traditioneller Polymernamen ausgearbeitet, da deren Gebrauch weit verbreitet und etabliert ist.
Improved cell adhesion of poly(amino acid) surface by cyclic phosphonate modification for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Xiong Yi , Li Hong , Wang Peng , Liu Pengzhen , Yan Yonggang 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTPoly(amino acid) (PAA) has been currently used as organic part of biocomposites for bone regeneration and reconstruction, but a poor cell adhesive surface becomes its major limitation. In this study, a novel strategy to improve cell adhesion of PAA by introducing a phosphonate (CP) unit into main chain of PAA was proposed. Copolymerizing with CP, the cell adhesion ability of the copolymers was effectively and efficiently improved, corresponding to an adjusted surface wettability. The structure and modification mechanism of copolymers were completely studied based on their surface cell adhesion ability, intrinsic viscosity, compressive strength, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transforms infrared spectra, X‐ray diffractometer, and water contact angle analyses. The surface wettability of PAA increased due to the formation of more hydrophilic groups (phosphoramide groups, carboxylic ester groups, and phosphomonoester groups) and stronger hydrogen bonds, which were induced by addition of CP. With a CP content of 1% and 2.5%, corresponding copolymers possessed sufficient compressive strength for bone repair and superior surface wettability 54.3° and 54.1° for mesenchymal stem cells adhesion. Since this valuable additional method improves cell adhesion ability of PAA surface, application of the PAA for bone tissue engineering would be broadened. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46226.
Preparation of polyacrylamide via dispersion polymerization with gelatin as a stabilizer and its synergistic effect on organic dye flocculation
Authors: Qiu Jinghong , Wang Hui , Du Zongliang , Cheng Xu , Liu Yuansen , Wang Haibo 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTIn this study, we successfully prepared a polyacrylamide (PAM) water‐in‐water (W/W) emulsion through dispersion polymerization with only a small concentration of gelatin as the stabilizer. Types of identical methods were used to study the structure of this material, among which Fourier transform infrared and1H‐NMR spectroscopy indicated that the polymer was composed of PAM and a few gelatin, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) verified the W/W emulsion structure, and gel permeation chromatography confirmed the existence of the graft polymer of gelatin and PAM. In addition, TEM and dynamic light scattering confirmed the morphology and particle size distribution of the PAM W/W emulsion particles and demonstrated that the formation mechanism of the particles during the polymerization process was quite fitted with phase‐separation theory. The effects of the temperature, pH value, and gelatin concentration on the properties of the PAM W/W emulsion were also investigated systematically. Moreover, PAM W/W emulsions prepared with various gelatin concentrations were applied to the flocculation of Reactive Turquoise Blue K‐GL; it turned out that the PAM W/W emulsion had a higher removal efficiency with increasing gelatin concentration. Therefore, the PAM W/W emulsion could be regarded as an effective flocculant for wastewater treatment; it also showed an excellent redispersion ability in water and good storage stability. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2018,135, 46298.
Validation of environmental DNA (eDNA) as a detection tool for at‐risk freshwater pearly mussel species (Bivalvia: Unionidae)
Authors: Currier Charise A. , Morris Todd J. , Wilson Chris C. , Freeland Joanna R. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Documenting the occurrence and habitat occupancy of rare aquatic species is an ongoing challenge for conservation. Characterization of environmental DNA (eDNA) from bulk water samples has emerged as a powerful tool to infer species presence or absence without the need to observe or handle organisms.
Previous eDNA studies have yet to develop species‐specific markers that target taxa with many potentially sympatric confamilials. Forty‐one freshwater pearly mussel species (Unionidae) are found in southern Ontario, Canada, with many of these listed as threatened, endangered, or of conservation concern; however, locating populations for protection can be challenging owing to morphological crypsis and species scarcity.
Species‐specific eDNA markers were developed to target four unionid species. Following in silico and in vitro validation, markers were validated in the field by comparing eDNA results from water samples to detections based on quadrat sampling.
Target species were detected by eDNA sampling at all sites where they had previously been located by quadrat sampling.
The paired sampling design showed that species‐specific markers can be designed even within speciose families, and that eDNA detection of mussels is at least as sensitive as quadrat sampling. Furthermore, detection probabilities were not affected by sampling depth, and eDNA concentrations were positively correlated with mussel densities.
These findings confirm that eDNA assays are a valuable complement to traditional methods for locating and managing imperilled unionid populations.
Putting new francophone archaeology on the Pacific map: Current work of early‐career researchers in “archéologie océaniste”
Authors: DOTTE‐SAROUT EMILIE , CAUCHOIS HINANUI , CHARLEUX MICHEL , DOMERGUE STÉPHANIE , HERMANN AYMERIC , LAGARDE LOUIS , LECLERC MATHIEU , MARIC TAMARA , MOLLE GUILLAUME , NOLET EMILIE , NOURY ARNAUD , RURUA VAHINE AHUURA , WADRAWANE JEAN‐MARIE 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTOn 24 November 2016, an international workshop bringing together francophone early‐career researchers and practitioners currently active in the field of Pacific archaeology was organised at The Australian National University. As access to opportunities for transnational exchange and representation of their work is not always easy for this group, the aim was to provide an occasion for the ECRs to present their work in English to the Australia‐based academic audience of Pacific scholars.Currently, anglophone research is dominant in the region, in both academic centres of the Pacific rim and local institutions, where the methods and approaches advocated stem from a common tradition, while training and dissemination of research results use the shared language of English. Nonetheless, although less frequent, francophone approaches to Pacific archaeology have been present since the very early days of the discipline at the end of the nineteenth century, along with other non‐anglophone traditions. Given the history of French colonial presence in the region, this tradition has endured, but indeed evolved and did not always remain in isolation. In particular, some members of the generation that emerged in the 1980s and 1990s, following José Garanger's footsteps, have progressively managed to engage in several international projects and to get their research widely exposed and recognised.After several years without the arrival of new graduates, the past 10 years has seen an influx of newly qualified francophone archaeologists working in the Pacific, bringing fresh perspectives and changing the profile of practitioners in the field (Figure 1). Indeed, while the history of the discipline had been dominated by men and by French metropolitan archaeologists, the new cohort includes as many women as men and almost half of the group originates from the Pacific Islands. Most of them are also able to work within local institutions and to participate directly in the sociocultural contributions of archaeology in the islands. In an effort to promote a better integration of this group in the regional research sphere, this paper consists of short reports focusing on one aspect of the ECRs current work.
Brief Report: The Genetic Profile of Rheumatoid Factor–Positive Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Resembles That of Adult Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Hinks Anne , Marion Miranda C. , Cobb Joanna , Comeau Mary E. , Sudman Marc , Ainsworth Hannah C. , Bowes John ,   Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Consortium for Immunochip, Becker Mara L. , Bohnsack John F. , Haas Johannes‐Peter , Lovell Daniel J. , Mellins Elizabeth D. , Nelson J. Lee , Nordal Ellen , Punaro Marilynn , Reed Ann M. , Rose Carlos D. , Rosenberg Alan M. , Rygg Marite , Smith Samantha L. , Stevens Anne M. , Videm Vibeke , Wallace Carol A. , Wedderburn Lucy R. , Yarwood Annie , Yeung Rae S. M. , Langefeld Carl D. , Thompson Susan D. , Thomson Wendy , Prahalad Sampath 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveJuvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) comprises 7 heterogeneous categories of chronic childhood arthritides. Approximately 5% of children with JIA have rheumatoid factor (RF)–positive arthritis, which phenotypically resembles adult rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Our objective was to compare and contrast the genetics of RF‐positive polyarticular JIA with those of RA and selected other JIA categories, to more fully understand the pathophysiologic relationships of inflammatory arthropathies.MethodsPatients with RF‐positive polyarticular JIA (n = 340) and controls (n = 14,412) were genotyped using the Immunochip array. Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms were tested for association using a logistic regression model adjusting for admixture proportions. We calculated weighted genetic risk scores (wGRS) of reported RA and JIA risk loci, and we compared the ability of these wGRS to predict RF‐positive polyarticular JIA.ResultsAs expected, the HLA region was strongly associated with RF‐positive polyarticular JIA (P = 5.51 × 10−31). Nineteen of 44 RA risk loci and 6 of 27 oligoarticular/RF‐negative polyarticular JIA risk loci were associated with RF‐positive polyarticular JIA (P < 0.05). The RA wGRS predicted RF‐positive polyarticular JIA (area under the curve [AUC] 0.71) better than did the oligoarticular/RF‐negative polyarticular JIA wGRS (AUC 0.59). The genetic profile of patients with RF‐positive polyarticular JIA was more similar to that of RA patients with age at onset 16–29 years than to that of RA patients with age at onset ≥70 years.ConclusionRF‐positive polyarticular JIA is genetically more similar to adult RA than to the most common JIA categories and thus appears to be a childhood‐onset presentation of autoantibody‐positive RA. These findings suggest common disease mechanisms, which could lead to novel therapeutic targets and shared treatment strategies.
Diazadibora[1.1.1.1]m,p,m,p‐cyclophanes: Ambipolar Conjugated Macrocycles with Different B–π–N Embedded Patterns
Authors: Ito Akihiro , Uebe Masashi , Kurata Ryohei , Yano Soichiro , Fueno Hiroyuki , Matsumoto Takashi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAre different B(boron)–π–N(nitrogen) embedded patterns to bring about significant different (opto)electronic properties for the same macrocyclic molecular backbone? A series of B–π–N‐embedded alternate‐meta‐para‐linked cyclophanes 1–3 have been prepared and characterized as a new class of ambipolar π‐conjugated B–π–N macrocycles. The answer to the opening question is yes. These macrocycles revealed the intramolecular charge transfer in the oxidized states and the intriguing photophysical proprerties in accordance with the embedded patterns, suggesting the electronic structures are tunable by introducing multiple B–π–N moieties.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed C−H Nitration of Indoles by Employing a Removable Directing Group
Authors: Saxena Paridhi , Kapur Manmohan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA mild and efficient C(sp2)−H nitration of 3‐substituted indoles, by using the economical and non‐toxic cobalt nitrate hexahydrate [Co(NO3)2⋅6 H2O] as a catalyst and tert‐butyl nitrite (TBN) as the nitro source, is reported. This approach provides a unique methodology involving a site‐selective C−N bond formation for preparation of C‐2 substituted nitro indoles. Utilization of the tBoc as the removable directing group enhances the synthetic utility of the method.
Bioluminescence‐based cytotoxicity assay for simultaneous evaluation of cell viability and membrane damage in human hepatoma HepG2 cells
Authors: Uno Katsuhiro , Murotomi Kazutoshi , Kazuki Yasuhiro , Oshimura Mitsuo , Nakajima Yoshihiro 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe have developed a bioluminescence‐based non‐destructive cytotoxicity assay in which cell viability and membrane damage are simultaneously evaluated using Emerald luciferase (ELuc) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)‐targeted copepod luciferase (GLuc‐KDEL), respectively, by using multi‐integrase mouse artificial chromosome (MI‐MAC) vector. We have demonstrated that the time‐dependent concentration response curves of ELuc luminescence intensity and WST‐1 assay, and GLuc‐KDEL luminescence intensity and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the culture medium accompanied by cytotoxicity show good agreement in toxicant‐treated ELuc‐ and GLuc‐KDEL‐expressing HepG2 stable cell lines. We have clarified that the increase of GLuc‐KDEL luminescence intensity in the culture medium reflects the type of cell death, including necrosis and late apoptosis, but not early apoptosis. We have also uncovered a strong correlation between GLuc‐KDEL luminescence intensity in the culture medium and the extracellular release of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a representative damage‐associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule. The bioluminescence measurement assay using ELuc and GLuc‐KDEL developed in this study can simultaneously monitor cell viability and membrane damage, respectively, and the increase of GLuc‐KDEL luminescence intensity in the culture medium accompanied by the increase of cytotoxicity is an index of necrosis and late apoptosis associated with the extracellular release of DAMP molecules.
Developed market or developing market?: A perspective of institutional theory on multinational enterprises’ diversification and sustainable development with environmental protection
Authors: Li Ji , Zhang Ying , Hu Yanghong , Tao Xiaolong , Jiang Wanxing , Qi Lei 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIntegrating previous research, we propose a theoretical model predicting the different effects of global diversification on corporate social performance in environmental protection (EP) by focusing on the institutional difference between developing and developed countries. Moreover, arguing for the moderating effects of firm resources, we also predict and test the effect of firm slack resources on the relationship between the diversification and corporate social performance in EP. By analyzing longitudinal data of 847 multinational enterprises (MNEs), we found empirical evidence that when MNEs diversify mainly into developed countries, they are likely to show more EP. By contrast, when MNEs diversify into developing countries, they are likely to show less EP. Furthermore, we found that a firm's financial slack could weaken the positive effect of diversification into developed countries and enhance the negative effect of diversification into developing countries on EP. However, a firm's human resource slack could only weaken the positive effect of diversification into developed countries on EP. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of the findings.
Prenatally diagnosed distal 16p11.2 microdeletion with a novel association with congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a case report
Authors: Genesio Rita , Maruotti Giuseppe Maria , Saccone Gabriele , Mormile Angela , Conti Anna , Cicatiello Rita , Sarnataro Viviana , Sirico Angelo , Izzo Antonella , Martinelli Pasquale , Nitsch Lucio 
Published: February 2018

Key Clinical MessageA prenatal case presenting with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and distal 16p11.2 microdeletion suggests two possible causative hypotheses: (1) a functional effect of chromatin loopings between the distal and the proximal 16p11.2 microdeletion traits, associated with CHD; (2) a possible role of ATP2A1, a deleted gene involved in diaphragm development.
Pressure Drop in Emergency Vent Lines with Two‐Phase Flow of Gas and Viscous Liquid
Authors: Schmidt Jürgen , Giesbrecht Hartmut 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIt was investigated if empirical models from the literature are capable to predict the two‐phase pressure drop with highly viscous liquids in vent lines behind polymerization reactors or for production applications. The experiments were performed with upward pipe flow of nitrogen and water‐Luviskol® solutions with varying dynamic viscosities. By measuring the difference of the static pressure in a vertical pipe across a test section, the gradient of the friction pressure was determined. The frictional pressure gradients show some unexpected scatter and even negative gradients were found in case of slug flow. A comparison with eight models shows for three of them a sufficient accuracy for the measured two‐phase flow data with highly viscous liquids if the empirical parameters in the models are adapted to the new measurements.
Three‐Component Activation/Alkynylation/Cyclocondensation (AACC) Synthesis of Enhanced Emission Solvatochromic 3‐Ethynylquinoxalines
Authors: Merkt Franziska K. , Höwedes Simon P. , Gers‐Panther Charlotte F. , Gruber Irina , Janiak Christoph , Müller Thomas J. J. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract2‐Substituted 3‐ethynylquinoxaline chromophores can be readily synthesized by a consecutive activation–alkynylation–cyclocondensation (AACC) one‐pot sequence in a three‐component manner. In comparison with the previously published four‐component glyoxylation starting from electron‐rich π‐nucleophiles, the direct activation of (hetero)aryl glyoxylic acids allows the introduction of substituents that cannot be directly accessed by glyoxylation. By introducing N,N‐dimethylaniline as a strong donor in the 2‐position, the emission solvatochromicity of 3‐ethynylquinoxalines can be considerably enhanced to cover the spectral range from blue–green to deep red–orange with a single chromophore in a relatively narrow polarity window. The diversity‐oriented nature of the synthetic multicomponent reaction concept enables comprehensive investigations of structure–property relationships by Hammett correlations and Lippert–Mataga analysis, as well as the elucidation of the electronic structure of the emission solvatochromic π‐conjugated donor–acceptor systems by DFT and time‐dependent DFT calculations with the PBEh1PBE functional for a better reproduction of the dominant charge‐transfer character of the longest wavelength absorption band.
Inhibitory and modulatory inputs to the vocal central pattern generator of a teleost fish
Authors: Rosner Elisabeth , Rohmann Kevin N. , Bass Andrew H. , Chagnaud Boris P. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractVocalization is a behavioral feature that is shared among multiple vertebrate lineages, including fish. The temporal patterning of vocal communication signals is set, in part, by central pattern generators (CPGs). Toadfishes are well‐established models for CPG coding of vocalization at the hindbrain level. The vocal CPG comprises three topographically separate nuclei: pre‐pacemaker, pacemaker, motor. While the connectivity between these nuclei is well understood, their neurochemical profile remains largely unexplored. The highly vocal Gulf toadfish,Opsanus beta, has been the subject of previous behavioral, neuroanatomical and neurophysiological studies. Combining transneuronal neurobiotin‐labeling with immunohistochemistry, we map the distribution of inhibitory neurotransmitters and neuromodulators along with gap junctions in the vocal CPG of this species. Dense GABAergic and glycinergic label is found throughout the CPG, with labeled somata immediately adjacent to or within CPG nuclei, including a distinct subset of pacemaker neurons co‐labeled with neurobiotin and glycine. Neurobiotin‐labeled motor and pacemaker neurons are densely co‐labeled with the gap junction protein connexin 35/36, supporting the hypothesis that transneuronal neurobiotin‐labeling occurs, at least in part, via gap junction coupling. Serotonergic and catecholaminergic label is also robust within the entire vocal CPG, with additional cholinergic label in pacemaker and prepacemaker nuclei. Likely sources of these putative modulatory inputs are neurons within or immediately adjacent to vocal CPG neurons. Together with prior neurophysiological investigations, the results reveal potential mechanisms for generating multiple classes of social context‐dependent vocalizations with widely divergent temporal and spectral properties.