bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
microRNA-378 promotes autophagy and inhibits apoptosis in skeletal muscle
Authors: Li Yan , Jiang Jingjing , Liu Wei , Wang Hui , Zhao Lei , Liu Shengnan , Li Peng , Zhang Shengjie , Sun Chao , Wu Yuting , Yu Shuxian , Li Xihua , Zhang Hui , Qian Haifeng , Zhang Duo , Guo Feifan , Zhai Qiwei , Ding Qiurong , Wang Li , Ying Hao 
Published: October 2018

Significance
Muscle wasting and weakness can be observed under either physiological or pathological conditions, which are partly due to an imbalance between autophagy (“self-eating”) and apoptosis (“self-killing”). How microRNAs coordinate autophagy and apoptosis in the metabolic regulation of cell death remains largely unknown. This work identifies miR-378 as a critical component of metabolic checkpoints, which integrates metabolic information into an adaptive response to reduce the propensity of myocytes to undergo apoptosis by enhancing autophagy and suppressing apoptosis via directly targeting phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 and Caspase 9, respectively. Our study highlights a crucial role of miR-378 in maintaining normal muscle homeostasis by orchestrating autophagy and apoptosis processes and provides a potential therapeutic target to treat myopathies.
Fork pausing allows centromere DNA loop formation and kinetochore assembly
Authors: Cook Diana M. , Bennett Maggie , Friedman Brandon , Lawrimore Josh , Yeh Elaine , Bloom Kerry 
Published: October 2018

Significance
There is an epigenetic requirement for de novo kinetochore assembly in budding yeast. Perturbations that delay S phase suppress assembly defects. We propose a role for replication fork progression in allowing DNA to adopt configurations conducive for centromere function. The function of replication fork stalling upon encounters with DNA damage or other blockades is to allow time for thermal fluctuations of the DNA chain to explore numerous configurations. Biasing thermodynamics provides a mechanism to facilitate macromolecular assembly, DNA repair, and other nucleic acid transactions at the replication fork. These loop configurations are essential for sister centromere separation and kinetochore assembly in the absence of the COMA complex.
The efficiency analysis of a 300 MW steam turbine unit after the through-flow transformation of based on thermal performance test method
Authors: Wang B , Zhao Y Z 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
In this paper, the thermal performance of a 300 MW subcritical steam turbine is studied. The influence of the flow remoulding technology on the heat dissipation rate is analyzed by comparing the thermal performance test data before and after the transformation and after the completion of the operation. It focuses on the reasons for the decline in thermal performance after four-year operation. Through the transformation of the flow remoulding can greatly enhance the efficiency of the steam turbine, the gap between the steam seal and cylinder defect are the main reasons for the decrease of the thermal performance of the steam turbine after four years of operation. After four years of operation, the efficiency of the steam turbine is still superior to that before the flow.
Foucault, governmentality theory and ‘Neoliberal Community Development’
Authors: Fraser Gary 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIt is widely accepted that Michel Foucault’s ‘governmentality lectures’ constituted a seminal moment in the history of neoliberal studies. In an analysis which was original and prescient, Foucault framed neoliberalism, not only in terms of a set of economic policies based on monetarism, de-regulation and privatisation, but also as a productive power, which arguably, marked the beginnings of a new paradigm in the governance of human beings. Drawing upon my own empirical research, which was based on a case study of community development in the context of local government in the UK, I apply ideas associated with Foucault and governmentality theory to the field of contemporary practice. I argue that community development has been fundamentally transformed by practices associated with neoliberalism and new managerialism, and that a model of practice which can broadly be characterised as ‘neoliberal community development’ has emerged along with a changing sense of professional identity. In an analysis indebted to governmentality theory, community development emerges not so much as a social profession rooted in the needs and aspirations of communities as a technology of government which is deployed by local states to facilitate neoliberalisation, austerity and the marketisation of public services.
Evaluation of the Impact of a Sequencing Assay for Detection of Drug Resistance on the Clinical Management of Tuberculosis
Authors: Lowenthal Phil , Lin Shou-Yean Grace , Desmond Ed , Shah Neha , Flood Jennifer , Barry Pennan M 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundIn 2012, the California Department of Public Health began using pyrosequencing (PSQ) to detect mutations associated with resistance to isoniazid, rifampin, quinolones and injectable drugs in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. We evaluated the impact of the PSQ assay on the clinical management of tuberculosis (TB) in California.MethodsTB surveillance and laboratory data for specimens submitted 1 August 2012 through 31 December 2016 were analyzed to determine time to effective treatment initiation. A survey of clinicians was used to assess how PSQ results influenced clinical decision making.ResultsOf 1957 specimens tested with PSQ, 52% were sediments and 46% were culture isolates, submitted a median of 8 and 35 days, respectively, after collection. Among 36 patients with multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB who had a sediment specimen submitted for PSQ, median time from specimen collection to MDR-TB treatment initiation was 12 days vs 51 days when PSQ was not used. Completed surveys were returned for 303 patients, 177 of whom reported a treatment change; 75 (42%) of clinicians reported PSQ as a reason for change. Twenty-one patients either had an MDR-TB risk factor and a smear-positive sputum specimen, but had PSQ performed on a culture isolate (9/36 [25%]); or did not have PSQ used for MDR-TB diagnosis (12/38 [32%]) and thus had an opportunity for earlier MDR-TB diagnosis with PSQ on sediment.ConclusionsPatients with MDR-TB initiated effective treatment 5 weeks earlier when PSQ was used compared to those without PSQ. Survey data suggest clinicians use PSQ to devise effective TB drug regimens. To maximize the benefit of PSQ, earlier submission of specimens should be prioritized.
In defense of sandcastles: Research thinking through visualization in digital humanities
Authors: Hinrichs Uta , Forlini Stefania , Moynihan Bridget 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAlthough recent research acknowledges the potential of visualization methods in digital humanities (DH), the predominant terminology used to describe visualizations (prototypes and tools) focuses on their use as a means to an end and, more importantly, as an instrument in the service of humanities research. We introduce the sandcastle as a metaphorical lens and provocative term to highlight visualization as a research process in its own right. We argue that building visualization sandcastles provides a holistic approach to cross-disciplinary knowledge generation that embraces visualization as (1) an aesthetic provocation to elicit critical insights, interpretation, speculation, and discussions within and beyond scholarly audiences, (2) a dynamic process wherein speculation and re-interpretation advance knowledge within all disciplines involved, and (3) a mediator of ideas and theories within and across disciplines. Our argument is grounded in critical theory, DH, design, human–computer interaction, and visualization, and based on our own research on an exceptional literary collection. We argue that considering visualizations as sandcastles foregrounds valuable insights into the roles of visualization as a mindset, methodology, and praxis within humanities research and beyond.
Swift X-ray and UV observations of SDSS J141118.31+481257.6 during its first ever recorded superoutburst
Authors: Rivera Sandoval L E , Maccarone T J 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
SDSS J141118.31+481257.6 is an ultracompact white dwarf binary (or AM CVn system) with an orbital period of 46 min. We analyse ∼23 ks of X-ray and ultraviolet (UV) data taken with the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory during its first ever recorded outbursts. The events took place 13 yr after the system was discovered. We detected three events in our UV data, all with amplitudes of ∼7 mag with respect to quiescence, the largest detected for an AM CVn system so far. The first two events correspond to a superoutburst and the third one to another detected outburst. The three episodes that we identified occurred in a period of 24 d, each one displaying very rapid brightness changes. At ∼120 d since the detection of the superoutburst, the system remains 1 mag brighter in UV compared to the quiescence level. The X-ray observations suggest that the X-ray emission is not correlated with the UV.
Comparison of Pipeline Embolization Device and Flow Re-Direction Endoluminal Device Flow Diverters for Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysms: A Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Griessenauer Christoph J , Thomas Ajith J , Enriquez-Marulanda Alejandro , Deshmukh Aviraj , Jain Abhi , Ogilvy Christopher S , Kocer Naci , Engelhorn Tobias , Möhlenbruch Markus , Holtmannspötter Markus , Janssen Hendrik , Finkenzeller Thomas , Reith Wolfgang , Sonnberger Michael , Buhk Jan-Hendrik , Schirmer Clemens M , Killer-Oberpfalzer Monika 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Flow diversion has become an accepted endovascular treatment modality for intracranial aneurysms. Studies comparing different types of flow diverters are currently lacking.

OBJECTIVE
To perform a propensity score-matched cohort study comparing the Pipeline Embolization Device (PED; Medtronic, Dublin, Ireland) and Flow Redirection Endoluminal Device (FRED; MicroVention, Aliso Viejo, California).

METHODS
Aneurysms of the internal carotid artery proximal to the communicating segment treated with PED at 2 neurovascular centers in the United States were matched with aneurysms treated in the European FRED study using propensity scoring. Aneurysms treated in the setting of subarachnoid hemorrhage were excluded from matching. Occlusion rates and complications were evaluated.

RESULTS
Two hundred twenty-one internal carotid artery aneurysms were treated with PED and 282 with FRED. Propensity score matching controlling for age, sex, aneurysm size, location, number of flow diverters, and adjunctive coiling resulted in 55 matched pairs. Median angiographic follow-up was nonsignificantly longer for FRED compared to PED (12.2 vs 7.5 mo, P = .28). The rate of complete occlusion did not differ between flow diverters (80% vs 80%, P > .99). Functional outcome and complications were comparable for PED and FRED.

CONCLUSION
Propensity score-matched analysis of PED and FRED for internal carotid artery aneurysms revealed comparable angiographic complete occlusion and complication rates. Whether FRED has an advantage in terms of near complete aneurysm occlusion warrants further investigation. Limitations include the retrospective design and lack of an independent assessment of radiographic outcome in a core-laboratory and functional outcomes, among others, and the results should be interpreted as such.
Patterns and Perceptions of Self-Management for Osteoarthritis Pain in African American Older Adults
Authors: Booker Staja , Herr Keela , Tripp-Reimer Toni 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Objective
To explore and describe older African Americans’ patterns and perceptions of managing chronic osteoarthritis pain.

Methods
A convergent parallel mixed-methods design incorporating cross-sectional surveys and individual, semistructured interviews.

Setting
One hundred ten African Americans (≥50 years of age) with clinical osteoarthritis (OA) or provider-diagnosed OA from communities in northern Louisiana were enrolled.

Results
Although frequency varied depending on the severity of pain, older African Americans actively used an average of seven to eight self-management strategies over the course of a month to control pain. The average number of self-management strategies between high and low education and literacy groups was not statistically different, but higher-educated adults used approximately one additional strategy than those with high school or less. To achieve pain relief, African Americans relied on 10 self-management strategies that were inexpensive, easy to use and access, and generally perceived as helpful: over-the-counter (OTC) topicals, thermal modalities, land-based exercise, spiritual activities, OTC and prescribed analgesics, orthotic and assistive devices, joint injections, rest, and massage and vitamins.

Conclusions
This is one of the first studies to quantitatively and qualitatively investigate the self-management of chronic OA pain in an older African American population that happened to be a predominantly higher-educated and health-literate sample. Findings indicate that Southern-dwelling African Americans are highly engaged in a range of different self-management strategies, many of which are self-initiated. Although still an important component of chronic pain self-management, spirituality was used by less than half of African Americans, but use of oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids was relatively high.
Leviathan or Public Steward? Evidence on Local Government Taxing Behavior from New York State
Authors: Aldag Austin M , Warner Mildred E , Kim Yunji 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFiscal federalism argues local governments compete to provide optimal tax-service bundles as responsible public stewards. In contrast, Leviathan theories argue tax and expenditure limitations (TELs) are necessary to make local governments fiscally responsible. We analyze local taxing behavior in New York State, which implemented a levy limit in 2012 that allows legislative overrides with 60 percent vote of the local governing board. Our 2017 survey of all general-purpose local governments measured fiscal stress, service responses, and local political attitudes and found 38 percent of municipalities voted to override. Logistic regressions show local governments that have more fiscal stress, weaker property tax bases, higher need, and higher employee benefit costs are more likely to override. These findings support fiscal federalism, as local governments that override are pushing back against state policy in order to respond to local needs. TELs introduce unnecessary rigidity and run counter to the precepts of fiscal federalism.
Fighting an Epidemic in Political Context: Thirty-Five Years of HIV/AIDS Policy Making in the United States
Authors: Padamsee Tasleem J 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The history of US government action on HIV/AIDS offers important lessons concerning the limits and possibilities of US public health policy. Yet only the first decade of this history has previously been well-documented. This article updates the history by constructing a macro-level account of policies that have been considered and implemented, along with the discourses and debates that have shaped them. This account is generated through systematic study of many dozens of policy making moments, drawing on &gt;70 original interviews, &gt;20,000 daily news reports and hundreds of contemporaneous policy documents. The paper chronicles HIV/AIDS policy from the initial years when the federal government resisted addressing the crisis; through subsequent periods shaped by alternating Republican and Democratic administrations; to contemporary policy making in an era when broader health policy transitions offer hope of normalized treatment and coverage for people with HIV, and scientific innovations offer the possibility of ending HIV/AIDS itself. It also illuminates how national HIV/AIDS policy is not only a series of responses to the concrete challenges of a health crisis, but also a malleable political product and a resource used to wage broader social and ideological battles.
Rooms of Silence at Three Universities in Scandinavia
Authors: Christensen Henrik Reintoft , Høeg Ida Marie , Kühle Lene , Nordin Magdalena 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn recent decades, a new type of room has been established in public institutions in Europe: the rooms of silence. In this article, rooms of silence at three Scandinavian universities are analyzed with focus on intention, materiality, and use in relation to increased religious diversity in the student population, individualization, and ongoing secularization. This is done by using a typology which distinguishes between individual and collective use and use associated with religious, spiritual, and secular practices. The analyses show that plans and policies for the rooms emphasize stress-reduction and spiritual or secular reflection. The chaplains actively facilitate the shift from collective to more individual use of the rooms. The analyses also show that the restricted materiality of the rooms shapes practices in ways that either hinder collective Muslim prayer or force students to perform prayer as an individual “silent” action.
Trans-Metaphyseal Screws Placed in Children: An Argument for Monitoring and Potentially Removing the Implants
Authors: Gamble James G. , Ziino Chason , Imrie Meghan N. , Young Jeffrey L. 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Surgeons frequently use trans-metaphyseal screws in children to achieve osteosynthesis after fractures or stability after reconstructive osteotomies. Screws that were initially inserted below the cortex of bone can become prominent and symptomatic due to the process of funnelization that narrows the wide metaphysis to the diameter of the thinner diaphysis.

Methods:
Case series presentation of 11 children who presented with screw prominence after the cutback process range in age from 19 to 169 months. We used the screws as radiographic markers to quantitate the amount of bone “cutback” or lost during the process of funnelization.

Results:
The average length of screw protrusion beyond the edge of the bone when symptomatic was 8.7 mm (range, 3.3 to 14.3 mm). Time from implantation to the last radiograph averaged 40 months (range, 19 to 84 mo). The average loss of bone width at the time of presentation was 21% (range, 7% to 36%).

Conclusions:
These cases suggest that orthopaedic surgeons should consider monitoring children after implantation of trans-metaphyseal screws and informing parents and patients about the possibility of screw prominence necessitating removal due to the process of metaphyseal funnelization.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Increased 90-Day Mortality in Spontaneously Breathing Patients With Paraquat Poisoning: In Addition to Disease Severity, Lung Strain May Play a Role*
Authors: Liu Yang , Luo Xiao-jie , Li Guo-qiang , Wei Lu-qing , Yu Xin , Li Yu-ming 
Published: October 2018

Objectives:
1) To evaluate the prognostic roles of quantitative CT and pulmonary function tests and 2) to assess the association of dynamic strain and ventilation heterogeneity during unassisted spontaneous breathing with 90-day survival in patients with paraquat poisoning.

Design:
Prospective study.

Setting:
A university hospital ICU.

Patients:
One-hundred spontaneously breathing patients with paraquat poisoning without mechanical ventilation.

Interventions:
A standardized treatment protocol.

Measurements and Main Results:
Blood samples were collected to measure the plasma paraquat concentration upon arrival. CT scans at suspended inspiration and pulmonary function tests were performed at day 5. The weight of the poorly aerated lung compartment as a percentage of total lung weight (%Wpoor) was exponentially transformed, generating a new variable, Exp(%Wpoor/15). The functional residual capacity that was determined by helium dilution was used to calculate the dynamic strain (tidal volume/functional residual capacity by helium dilution method). Respiratory system reactance at 5 Hz was used as a marker of ventilation heterogeneity. Exp(%Wpoor/15) (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.58; 95% CI, 2.021–3.296; p < 0.001) was most strongly associated with mortality, such that neither blood paraquat concentration nor Pao
2 provided any additional prognostic information. The ratio of residual volume to total lung capacity as a percentage of the predicted value (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.041; 95% CI, 1.026–1.057; p < 0.001) was the only variable that added prognostic value to Exp(%Wpoor/15). While controlling for Exp(%Wpoor/15) and percentage of predicted residual volume/total lung capacity, increases in dynamic strain (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.041/0.1 U; 95% CI, 1.283–3.248; p = 0.003) and/or decreases in respiratory system reactance at 5 Hz (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.19/0.1 U; 95% CI, 1.03–1.386; p = 0.02) were independently associated with increased 90-day mortality.

Conclusions:
In patients with paraquat poisoning, Exp(%Wpoor/15) and percentage of residual volume/total lung capacity are independent prognostic indicators. Higher dynamic strain and increased ventilation heterogeneity during unassisted spontaneous breathing were associated with worsened survival independent of Exp(%Wpoor/15) and percentage of residual volume/total lung capacity.
Balance Training in Pulmonary Rehabilitation to Reduce Fall Risk
Authors: Tymkew Heidi , Burlis Tamara , Baidy Maureen , Bennett Deborah , Hooper Sandra , Leidner Melissa , Morgan-Walker Hope , Sylvester Lawrence , Swafford DeLana , Arroyo Cassandra 
Published: October 2018

Purpose:
To determine the efficacy of a balance training program for fall risk reduction in outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation (PR).

Methods:
Forty-nine participants in an outpatient PR program participated in a balance training program in addition to the standard PR exercises. Balance was assessed with the Activities-Specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale, Mini-BESTest (MBT), and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Gait speed, 5 times sit to stand test (5TSTS), and Timed Up and Go (TUG) data were extracted for analysis. Progressive lower-extremity strengthening and balance specific exercises were performed during each PR session.

Results:
Over 90% of participants presented with at least one balance assessment that indicated an increased fall risk and 81% had mobility limitations based on an SPPB score <10. During the final assessment, only 16.2% of the participants were at fall risk and 13.5% had mobility limitations. Significant improvements (P < .001) were seen in the mean differences from baseline to final in the ABC scale 31.6% (95% CI [24.8, 38.5]), MBT 9.3 (95% CI [7.6, 11.0]), SPPB 4.1 (95% CI [3.4, 4.7]), gait speed 0.37 m/s (95% CI [0.29, 0.46]), 5TSTS −7.8 seconds (95% CI [−10.5, −5.0]), and TUG −4.7 seconds (95% CI [−5.7, −3.7]).

Conclusions:
Incorporating a balance training program into a PR program may help to decrease fall risk and increase balance confidence in functional activities.