bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Selective Current‐Induced Accumulation of Trace Ions at Micro‐/NanoPorous Interfaces
Authors: Bondarenko Mykola P. , Bruening Merlin L. , Yaroshchuk Andriy 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDuring application of electrical current through composite micro‐/nanoporous membranes, trace‐ion accumulation in the microporous layer should vary greatly with the ion diffusion coefficient to allow selective accumulation of specific ions. This study examines the theoretical enrichment factors in the microporous region as a function of current density and trace‐ion diffusion coefficient. Trace‐ion accumulation relies on charged nanopores that exclude coions, which gives rise to depletion of the dominant salt and high local electric fields in the region next to the nanopores. Trace ions accumulate in this region because convection carries them toward the nanoporous interface, whereas electromigration in the opposite direction is strongest next to the interface. With monovalent coions having 2% difference in diffusion coefficients, calculated accumulation selectivity factors reach >1.2. Such selectivities may prove useful in separating very similar species such as isotopes or equally charged peptides.
Stimulation and Repair of Peripheral Nerves Using Bioadhesive Graft‐Antenna
Authors: Sliow Ashour , Ma Zhi , Gargiulo Gaetano , Mahns David , Mawad Damia , Breen Paul , Stoodley Marcus , Houang Jessica , Kuchel Rhiannon , Tettamanzi Giuseppe C. , Tilley Richard D. , Frost Samuel J. , Morley John , Longo Leonardo , Lauto Antonio 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAn original wireless stimulator for peripheral nerves based on a metal loop (diameter ≈1 mm) that is powered by a transcranial magnetic stimulator (TMS) and does not require circuitry components is reported. The loop can be integrated in a chitosan scaffold that functions as a graft when applied onto transected nerves (graft‐antenna). The graft‐antenna is bonded to rat sciatic nerves by a laser without sutures; it does not migrate after implantation and is able to trigger steady compound muscle action potentials for 12 weeks (CMAP ≈1.3 mV). Eight weeks postoperatively, axon regeneration is facilitated in transected nerves that are repaired with the graft‐antenna and stimulated by the TMS for 1 h per week. The graft‐antenna is an innovative and minimally‐invasive device that functions concurrently as a wireless stimulator and adhesive scaffold for nerve repair.
A Genomic, Evolutionary, and Mechanistic Study of MCR‐5 Action Suggests Functional Unification across the MCR Family of Colistin Resistance
Authors: Zhang Huimin , Zong Zhiyong , Lei Sheng , Srinivas Swaminath , Sun Jian , Feng Yu , Huang Man , Feng Youjun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA growing number of mobile colistin resistance (MCR) proteins is threatening the renewed interest of colistin as a “last‐resort” defense against carbapenem‐resistant pathogens. Here, the comparative genomics of a large plasmid harboring mcr‐5 from Aeromonas hydrophila and the structural/functional perspectives of MCR‐5 action are reported. Whole genome sequencing has identified the loss of certain parts of the Tn3‐type transposon typically associated with mcr‐5, providing a clue toward its mobilization. Phylogeny of MCR‐5 suggests that it is distinct from the MCR‐1/2 sub‐lineage, but might share a common ancestor of MCR‐3/4. Domain‐swapping analysis of MCR‐5 elucidates that its two structural motifs (transmembrane domain and catalytic domain) are incompatible with its counterparts in MCR‐1/2. Like the rest of the MCR family, MCR‐5 exhibits a series of conservative features, including zinc‐dependent active sites, phosphatidylethanolamine‐binding cavity, and the mechanism of enzymatic action. In vitro and in vivo evidence that MCR‐5 catalyzes the addition of phosphoethanolamine to the suggestive 4′‐phosphate of lipid A moieties is integrated, and results in the consequent polymyxin resistance. In addition, MCR‐5 alleviates the colistin‐induced formation of reactive oxygen species in E. coli. Taken together, the finding suggests that a growing body of MCR family resistance enzymes are functionally unified.
Magnetic Field–Suppressed Lithium Dendrite Growth for Stable Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Shen Kang , Wang Zeng , Bi Xuanxuan , Ying Yao , Zhang Duo , Jin Chengbin , Hou Guangya , Cao Huazhen , Wu Liankui , Zheng Guoqu , Tang Yiping , Tao Xinyong , Lu Jun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLithium metal is the most attractive anode material due to its extremely high specific capacity, minimum potential, and low density. However, uncontrollable growth of lithium dendrite results in severe safety and cycling stability concerns, which hinders the application in next generation secondary batteries. In this paper, a new and facile method imposing a magnetic field to lithium metal anodes is proposed. That is, the lithium ions suffering Lorentz force due to the electromagnetic fields are put into spiral motion causing magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) effect. This MHD effect can effectively promote mass transfer and uniform distribution of lithium ions to suppress the dendrite growth as well as obtain uniform and compact lithium deposition. The results show that the lithium metal electrodes within the magnetic field exhibit excellent cycling and rate performance in a symmetrical battery. Additionally, full batteries using limited lithium metal as anodes and commercial LiFePO4 as cathodes show improved performance within the magnetic field. In summary, a new and facile strategy of suppressing lithium dendrites using the MHD effect by imposing a magnetic field is proposed, which may be generalized to other advanced alkali metal batteries.
Enhancing Program Quality in a National Sample of After‐school Settings: The Role of Youth–Staff Interactions and Staff/Organizational Functioning
Authors: Kuperminc Gabriel P. , Seitz Scot , Joseph Hannah , Khatib Nadim , Wilson Christyl , Collins Krista , Guessous Omar 
Published: April 2019

AbstractUsing multilevel data from the national evaluation of Boys and Girls Clubs of America (BGCA), this study examined associations among programmatic structures, workplace and workforce characteristics, and relational practices of program staff as they relate to young people's ratings of their experience attending local clubs. The sample included 57,710 members and 5,231 staff members at 740 BGCA sites throughout the United States. Staff relational practices—including establishing caring relationships, setting high expectations, positive behavior management, encouraging youth input and agency, and cultural sensitivity—explained associations between staffing and organizational functioning and youths’ perceptions of the quality of their clubs. Findings suggest a central role of staff relational practices in establishing conditions that youth experience positively, and that staffing and organizational processes, including community engagement and teamwork and efficiency can be viewed as foundations for establishing a culture of positive adult‐youth interaction, which in turn can contribute to the promotion of positive youth development. Further, identification with the experiences of youth had a direct association with youths’ perceptions of club quality. These results underscore the importance of staff workforce development initiatives as key to improving youth experiences in after‐school programs.
Schwann cell transcript biomarkers for hereditary neuropathy skin biopsies
Authors: Svaren John , Moran John J. , Wu Xingyao , Zuccarino Riccardo , Bacon Chelsea , Bai Yunhong , Ramesh Raghu , Gutmann Laurie , Anderson Daniel M. , Pavelec Derek , Shy Michael E. 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveCharcot‐Marie‐Tooth (CMT) disease is most commonly caused by duplication of a chromosomal segment surrounding Peripheral Myelin Protein 22, or PMP22 gene, which is classified as CMT1A. Several candidate therapies reduce Pmp22 mRNA levels in CMT1A rodent models, but development of biomarkers for clinical trials in CMT1A is a challenge given its slow progression and difficulty in obtaining nerve samples. Quantitative PCR measurements of PMP22 mRNA in dermal nerves were performed using skin biopsies in human clinical trials for CMT1A, but this approach did not show increased PMP22 mRNA in CMT1A patients compared to controls. One complicating factor is the variable amounts of Schwann cells (SCs) in skin. The objective of the study was to develop a novel method for precise evaluation of PMP22 levels in skin biopsies that can discriminate CMT1A patients from controls.MethodsWe have developed methods to normalize PMP22 transcript levels to SC‐specific genes that are not altered by CMT1A status. Several CMT1A‐associated genes were assembled into a custom Nanostring panel to enable precise transcript measurements that can be normalized to variable SC content.ResultsThe digital expression data from Nanostring analysis showed reproducible elevation of PMP22 levels in CMT1A versus control skin biopsies, particularly after normalization to SC‐specific genes.InterpretationThis platform should be useful in clinical trials for CMT1A as a biomarker of target engagement that can be used to optimize dosing, and the same normalization framework is applicable to other types of CMT. ANN NEUROL 2019;85:887–898.
Host–Guest Hydrogen Bonding Varies the Charge‐State Behavior of Magnetic Sponges
Authors: Zhang Jun , Kosaka Wataru , Kitagawa Yasutaka , Miyasaka Hitoshi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe electron‐donor(D) and ‐acceptor(A)‐assembled D2A‐layer framework [{Ru2(m‐FPhCO2)4}2TCNQ(OMe)2]⋅nDCE (1‐nDCE; m‐FPhCO2−=m‐fluorobenzoate; TCNQ(OMe)2=2,5‐dimethoxyl‐7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane; DCE=1,2‐dichloroethane) undergoes drastic charge‐ordered state variations via three distinct states that are a two‐electron‐transferred state (2e‐I), a charge‐disproportionated state (1.5e‐I), and a one‐electron‐transferred state (1e‐I), depending on the degree of solvation by nDCE. The pristine form 1‐4DCE has a paramagnetic 2e‐I state, which eventually produces the solvent‐free form 1 in 1.5e‐I via an intermediate state 1‐nDCE (n≤1) in 1e‐I. Resolvation of 1 stabilizes 1‐DCE, allowing it to switch between 1.5e‐I and 1e‐I, and to become ferrimagnetic with a Tc of 30 K (1.5e‐I) and 88 K (1e‐I). The stabilization of the 1e‐I state of 1‐DCE is due to the presence of host–guest hydrogen bonding that enables to suppress the electron‐donation ability of D even in an identical framework with 1.
Solar‐Driven Water–Gas Shift Reaction over CuOx/Al2O3 with 1.1 % of Light‐to‐Energy Storage
Authors: Zhao Likuan , Qi Yuhang , Song Lizhu , Ning Shangbo , Ouyang Shuxin , Xu Hua , Ye Jinhua 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHydrogen production from coal gasification provides a cleaning approach to convert coal resource into chemical energy, but the key procedures of coal gasification and thermal catalytic water–gas shift (WGS) reaction in this energy technology still suffer from high energy cost. We herein propose adopting a solar–driven WGS process instead of traditional thermal catalysis, with the aim of greatly decreasing the energy consumption. Under light irradiation, the CuOx/Al2O3 delivers excellent catalytic activity (122 μmol gcat−1 s−1 of H2 evolution and >95 % of CO conversion) which is even more efficient than noble‐metal‐based catalysts (Au/Al2O3 and Pt/Al2O3). Importantly, this solar‐driven WGS process costs no electric/thermal power but attains 1.1 % of light‐to‐energy storage. The attractive performance of the solar‐driven WGS reaction over CuOx/Al2O3 can be attributed to the combined photothermocatalysis and photocatalysis.
Sequential C−H Borylation and N‐Demethylation of 1,1′‐Biphenylamines: Alternative Route to Polycyclic BN‐Heteroarenes
Authors: Zhang Jianbo , Jung Hoimin , Kim Dongwook , Park Sehoon , Chang Sukbok 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDescribed herein is an unprecedented access to BN‐polyaromatic compounds from 1,1′‐biphenylamines by sequential borane‐mediated C(sp2)−H borylation and intramolecular N‐demethylation. The conveniently in situ generated Piers’ borane from a borinic acid reacts with a series of N,N‐dimethyl‐1,1′‐biphenyl‐2‐amines in the presence of PhSiH3 to afford six‐membered amine‐borane adducts bearing a C(sp2)−B bond at the C2′‐position. These species undergo an intramolecular N‐demethylation with a B(C6F5)3 catalyst to provide BN‐isosteres of polyaromatics. According to computational studies, a stepwise ionic pathway is suggested. Photophysical characters of the resultant BN‐heteroarenes shown them to be distinctive from those of all‐carbon analogues.
Potential Vegetable‐Based Diesel Fuels from Perkin Condensation of Furfuraldehyde and Fatty Acid Anhydrides
Authors: Baldwin Lawrence C. , Davis Matthew C. , Hughes Alicia M. , Lupton David V. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDomestically produced biofuels may help to reduce dependence on imported oil for powering transportation and infrastructure in the future. In this report, we reacted medium‐chain and long‐chain fatty anhydrides (capric, caprylic, lauric, and palmitic) with furfuraldehyde by the Perkin condensation to produce 2‐n‐alkenylfurans. In the second step, the 2‐n‐alkenylfurans were hydrogenated to form 2‐n‐alkyltetrahydrofurans. Basic fuel property testing (melting point, density, kinematic viscosity, derived cetane number, and calorific value) of the 2‐n‐alkyltetrahydrofurans indicates they are potentially useful as fuels for diesel engines. The mixture composed of 2‐octyl‐ and 2‐decyltetrahydrofuran had the best combination of fuel properties including a low melting point (−39 °C), high cetane number (63.1), high flash point (98.2 °C), and low viscosity (2.26 mm2 s−1, 40 °C), which compares favorably with specifications for diesel #2 and biodiesel.
Experimental assessment of the utilization of a novel interpenetrating polymer network in different processes in the agricultural sector
Authors: Sharma Saruchi , Kumar Vaneet , Pathak Dinesh , Mittal Hemant , Alhassan Saeed M. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTWe synthesized a biodegradable, controlled release formulation via the impregnation of methyl methacrylic acid onto the natural polysaccharide, gum tragacanth, and a polyacrlyic‐based hydrogel with glutaraldehyde as crosslinker. The biodegradation behavior of the prepared interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) was investigated with soil burial and composting methods, and the biodegradability stages were studied with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy analyses. The controlled release data of the calcium nitrate was analyzed in accordance with Fick's power law, and the kinetics parameters of the release process were calculated. The values of the initial and lateral diffusion coefficients indicated a fast initial release rate of the fertilizers in comparison to the lateral release. The synthesized IPN was degraded 91.62% within 11 weeks under composting methods, whereas it degraded 78.83% under the soil burial method. The results show that the synthesized IPN was ecofriendly and could be used for the controlled release of agrochemicals. The impact of the degraded IPN on the fertility of the soil was also studied. We concluded from the results obtained that the biodegraded IPN did not have any adverse effects on the soil fertility. Hence, this biodegradable IPN could be of great significance from a green revolution point of view. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47739.
Amphibian conservation in Scotland: A review of threats and opportunities
Authors: Downie J. Roger , Larcombe Victoria , Stead James 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

The distributions and conservation status of the six native amphibian species in Scotland are reviewed. Issues of under‐recording and false recording are noted, and steps to remedy these problems are described.
Threats to amphibians in Scotland include diseases (a minor impact so far), road deaths, habitat loss, and climate change (to which populations may be resilient). Exploitation, competition, and pollution do not appear to be significant threats to amphibians in Scotland.
Legal protection is currently strongest for the great crested newts (Triturus cristatus) and natterjack toads (Epidalea calamita), but the natterjack toads have only a small localized Scottish population. The ponds at Gartcosh hold the largest great crested newt population in Scotland. Translocation to a specially created reserve appears to have been successful but a new road across the site is an additional hazard, for which monitoring is in progress.
Amphibian habitat enhancement in Scotland includes pond‐creation programmes, which have successfully increased the diversity of plants and invertebrates as well as amphibians. The value of Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) for amphibians and other wildlife is reviewed. The Eurasian beaver reintroduction programme may benefit amphibians in the longer term, but research is currently lacking. Road tunnels combined with fences are a vital mitigation for road‐traffic impacts on amphibians and have been monitored at one Scottish site. Amphibian ladders in road drains are another potentially helpful mitigation.
The amphibians of Scotland need more long‐term monitoring. A national strategy is imminent and should stimulate the required research and action.
A comparison of contrast transthoracic echocardiography and contrast transcranial Doppler in cryptogenic stroke patients with patent foramen ovale
Authors: Chen Jie , Chen Luyun , Hu Wangwang , Ni Xianda , Zhang Zengrui , Feng Xiaowen , Fan Zijian , Chen Cuiping , Qiu Fengzhen , Shao Bei 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveIn recent years, increasing attention has been paid to cryptogenic stroke (CS) caused by the patent foramen ovale (PFO). This study aims to compare contrast transthoracic echocardiography (cTTE) and contrast transcranial Doppler (cTCD) to determine whether cTTE is more suitable and reliable than cTCD for clinical use.MethodsFrom March 2017 to May 2018, patients who suffered from migraines, stroke, hypomnesis, or asymptomatic stroke found casually were included in our study. Patients with CS were semirandomly divided into two groups (cTTE and cTCD) according to the date of the outpatient visit. Patients with either of the examination above found positive were selected to finish transesophageal echocardiography (TEE).ResultsIn our study, the sensitivities of group cTTE positive (group cTTE+) and group cTCD positive (group cTCD+) did not have any statistical difference (89% vs. 80%, p = 0.236). Focusing on group cTCD+, we discovered that the semiquantitative shunt grading was not correlated with whether a PFO was present or not (p = 0.194). However, once the PFO has been diagnosed, the shunt grading was shown to be related to the width of the gaps (p = 0.032, pdeviation = 0.03).ConclusionBoth cTTE and the cTCD can be used for preliminary PFO findings. The semiquantitative shunt grading of cTCD and cTTE can suggest the size of the PFO and the next course of treatment. The cTTE may be more significant to a safe PFO (a PFO does not have right‐to‐left shunts, RLSs). Combining cTTE and TEE could help diagnose PFO and assess CS risk.
Resensitization of cisplatin resistance ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin through pretreatment with low‐dose fraction radiation
Authors: Zhao Lili , Liu Shihai , Liang Donghai , Jiang Tao , Yan Xiaoyan , Zhao Shengnan , Liu Yuanwei , Zhao Wei , Yu Hongsheng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveCisplatin is the first‐line chemotherapy for ovarian cancer. However, cisplatin resistance is severely affecting the treatment efficacy. FOXO3a has been reported to be involved in reversing chemotherapy resistance. However, whether low‐dose fraction radiation therapy (LDFRT) can reverse cisplatin resistance remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the effect of LDFRT on cisplatin resistance and its relation with FOXO3a expression in vitro.MethodsThe toxicity of cisplatin on SKOV3/DDP cells was evaluated by CCK8 assay and cell apoptosis was measured by Annexin V‐FITC staining as well as Hoechst33342 staining. The expression of FOXO3a and other relative proteins was measured by western blot.ResultsOur study found that LDFRT enhanced cisplatin‐induced apoptosis of SKOV3/DDP cells and promoted the expression of FOXO3a and pro‐apoptotic protein PUMA. In addition, overexpression of FOXO3a promoted PUMA activity and toxicity of cisplatin on SKOV3/DDP cells.ConclusionLDFRT reverses cisplatin resistance of SKOV3/DDP cells possibly by upregulating the expression of FOXO3a and its downstream target PUMA, suggesting that LDFRT might be a potent chemosensitizer for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
Delineating the pattern of treatment for elderly locally advanced NSCLC and predicting outcomes by a validated model: A SEER based analysis
Authors: Guo Meiying , Li Butuo , Yu Yishan , Wang Shijiang , Xu Yiyue , Sun Xindong , Wang Linlin , Yu Jinming 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionLocally advanced nonsmall‐cell lung cancer (LA‐NSCLC) represented a highly heterogeneous group, with more than half of the patients aged ≥65 years at the time of diagnosis. However, the optimal treatment for elderly LA‐NSCLC patients was still not defined.MethodsA total of 33530 elderly patients (≥65 years) diagnosed with LA‐NSCLC from 2004 to 2014 were identified from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.ResultsLocally advanced nonsmall‐cell lung cancer patients aged 65‐74 years were more frequently treated with chemoradiotherapy (CRT) (40%), while patients aged ≥75 years received more best supportive care (BSC) (36%). For age group of 65‐74 years, patients who had surgery with or without (neo)adjuvant therapy had a median survival of 28 months, CRT 15 months, radiotherapy (RT) alone 6 months, chemotherapy alone 11 months, and BSC 3 months; while for patients aged ≥ 75 years, the median OS was 20, 13, 7, 9, and 2, respectively. Besides, independent clinicopathological factors were integrated into nomograms for OS and CSS prediction, C‐indexes achieved 0.692 and 0.698, respectively. Importantly, the discrimination of nomogram was superior to that of the American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM classification (0.742 vs 0.572 for training set and 0.731 vs 0.565 for validation set).ConclusionFor elderly patients with LA‐NSCLC, the curative‐intent treatment (surgery or CRT) conferred better survival compared to chemotherapy alone, RT alone and BSC. The proposed nomograms based on independent clinicopathological variables may be practical and helpful for precise evaluation of patient prognosis, and guiding the individualized treatment for elderly LA‐NSCLC.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Novel Chiral 2‐Amino‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydrothieno[2,3‐c]pyridine Derivatives
Authors: Rossetti Arianna , Bono Nina , Candiani Gabriele , Meneghetti Fiorella , Roda Gabriella , Sacchetti Alessandro 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNew N‐substituted‐2‐amino‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydrothieno[2,3‐c]pyridine derivatives were synthesized employing a convenient one‐pot three‐component method and their structures were characterized by 1H‐NMR and single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. All the synthesized compounds were in vitro screened for antimicrobial activity against Gram‐positive (Sarcina lutea) and Gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). In this work, we introduced a chiral residue on the tetrahydropyridine nitrogen, the hitherto the less investigated position on this pharmacophore in order to explore the effect. The antibacterial results showed that the synthesized compounds were active only against Gram‐positive bacteria and the (R)‐enantiomers displayed a greater antimicrobial potency than their (S)‐counterparts. The structure–activity relationship here investigated may provide some interesting clues for future development of tetrahydrothienopyridine derivatives with higher antimicrobial activity.