bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of Kaempferia parviflora extract (KPE)- induced vasorelaxation in the rat aorta
Authors: Tep-areenan Patcharin , Ingkaninan Kornkanok , Randall Michael D. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background: The rhizomes of Kaempferia parviflora (KP) have been widely used in Thai traditional medicine to treat several diseases such as hypertension. Recent studies have shown that the ethanolic extract of KP (KPE) exerts vasorelaxant effects in the rat aorta. However, the underlying mechanisms of these vascular responses remain unclear. Objectives: Investigate the mechanisms of KPE-induced vasorelaxation in the rat aorta. Methods: Aortic rings from male Wistar rats were precontracted with methoxamine. Changes in tension were measured using an isometric force transducer and recorded on the MacLab recording system. Vasorelaxation to KPE was examined in the presence of 10 μM indomethacin, 300 μM NG-nitro L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), 60 mM KCl, 5 mM tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA), 10 μM glibenclamide, 1 mM 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) or 30 μM barium chloride (BaCl2). The effects of KPE on vascular responses to carbachol, sodium nitroprusside, and CaCl2 were evaluated. Results: KPE (0.1-100 μg/mL) caused vasorelaxations, which were reduced with removal of the endothelium. In addition, indomethacin, L-NAME, and indomethacin plus L-NAME reduced KPE-induced vasorelaxation. Raising the extracellular KCl concentration to 60 mM, or pre-treatment with BaCl2, TEA, or glibenclamide reduced relaxant responses to KPE. Contractions to CaCl2 were inhibited after pre-incubation with KPE. Pre-treatment with KPE enhanced endothelium-dependent relaxations to carbachol, but not to sodium nitroprusside. Conclusion: KPE had a vasodilator effect in the rat isolated aortic rings. These effects involved endotheliumderived NO and prostanoids via a COX pathway. In addition, KPE-induced vasorelaxation was due to increasing K+ efflux probably through KCa, KIR and KATP channels. These provide pharmacological evidence for mechanism of KPE-induced vasorelaxation and support the traditional use of KPE as an antihypertensive agent.
Lytic replication of Epstein-Barr virus in human peripheral T-lymphocytes
Authors: Ninla-aesong Putrada , Pradutkanchana Jintana , Noipha Kusumarn , Mitarnun Winyou 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackground: There are few reports about the interactions of EBV with peripheral T-cells, especially during the early phase of infection. Objective: Demonstrate the capability of EBV to infect and replicate in human peripheral T-cells in vitro. Methods: After treating with EBV, the susceptibility of in vitro EBV infection into T-cells was confirmed using electron microscopy, the expression of EBV mRNA using RT-PCR, and the expression of EBV proteins using Western blot analysis. The expression of CD19 and CD21 mRNA was determined using RT-PCR. The induction of cell death was measured using trypan blue exclusion assay. Results: The susceptibility of in vitro EBV infection was confirmed by the presence of virus particles in the cytoplasm. The entering to lytic infection was confirmed by detection the expression of EBV lytic (BZLF1) mRNA, and the expression of late lytic proteins (VCA and gp350/220). The expression of CD19 and CD21 were not observed using RT-PCR. The interactions of EBV with T-cells leaded to induction of T-cell death. Conclusion: Peripheral T-cells are a direct target of EBV infection. At the beginning of infection by EBV, EBV infection of T-cells leads to the entering into lytic virus replication. EBV binds to these cells through a receptor distinct from the CD21.
Effects of N(2-propylpentanoyl)urea on hippocampal amino acid neurotransmitters in spontaneous recurrent seizure rats
Authors: Khongsombat Onrawee , Tantisira Boonyong , Tantisira Mayuree H. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackground: N(2-propylpentanoyl) urea (VPU) is a new valproic acid (VPA) analog with higher anticonvulsant activity than its parent compound in various animal models including seizure acutely induced by pilocarpine. Objective: Investigate its effects on hippocampal amino acid neurotransmitters in spontaneous recurrent seizure (SRS) rats. Methods: Pilocarpine hydrochloride was used to induce status epilepticus (SE). Animals were visually observed for two hours/day for an episode of SRS for six weeks. Microdialysis experiment was performed to detect hippocampal amino acid neurotransmitters on those rats that developed SRS. Results: In comparison to normal rats, hippocampal glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and glycine, significantly increased in SRS rats. Occurrence of SRS in the faces of increased level of inhibitory neurotransmitters suggests the key role played by glutamate in the genesis and control of SRS. Based on the observation in pilocarpine-induced SE, the level of glutamate in SRS rats significantly decreased by a clinically effective anticonvulsant, VPA (300 and 600 mg/kg, i.p). Similar profile on hippocampal glutamate was also exhibited by VPU (50 and 100 mg/kg, i.p.). Conclusion: The possible role of VPU in controlling seizure in SRS rats and subsequently human temporal lobe epilepsy as VPA was suggested.
Ataxia telangiectasia mutated nuclear localization in head and neck cancer cells is PPP2R2B-dependent
Authors: Suyarnsestakorn Chotika , Thanasupawat Thatchawan , Leelahavanichkul Kantima , Gutkind J. Silvio , Mutirangura Apiwat 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background: Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) has been implicated in radiation-induced activation of cellular responses, likely by its ability to regulate the autophosphorylation of the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein, a key molecule involved in the DNA damage response initiated by double-stranded DNA breaks. Interestingly, a hereditary defect in the PPP2R2B gene, which encodes the beta isoform of PP2A regulatory subunit B, causes autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia 12, a clinical condition resembling that of ataxia telangiectasia patients. Moreover, PPP2R2B is significantly down-regulated in many human cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). Objective: Examine whether PPP2R2B regulates ATM function, thereby contributing to tumor progression due to the resulting defective DNA repair. Methods: The roles of PPP2R2B were evaluated in irradiated HNSCC cell lines, siRNAPPP2R2B cells and okadaic acid treated cells. Expression of PPP2R2B was measured by microarray, Western blot analysis and real time quantitative rtPCR. ATM quantity and localization, ATM phosphorylation and γ-H2AX were determined by Western blot analysis and/or immunofluorescence assay. Clonogenic cell survival assay was performed to determine ionizing radiation sensitivity. Results: PPP2R2B expression is reduced in multiple tumor types, including HNSCCs. Indeed, HNSCC cell lines that have lower PPP2R2B mRNA expression and siRNAPPP2R2B cells lower basal and radiation-induced levels of phosphorylated ATM and the consequent reduction in the levels of phosphorylation of the downstream ATM target, γ-H2AX. Depletion of PPP2R2B and inhibition of PP2A with okadaic acid resulted in limited ATM nuclear localization. Finally, siRNAPPP2R2B cells displayed enhanced sensitivity to death after radiation. Conclusion: In HNSCCs, ATM nuclear localization is PPP2R2B dependent, and decreased PPP2R2B expression may result in limited ATM activation by preventing its nuclear accumulation and ATM-chromatin interaction. Therefore, decreased PPP2R2B expression in HNSCCs may contribute to genomic instability, cancer development and radiation sensitivity by limiting ATM functions.
Effects of Bungarus candidus (Malayan krait) venom on general circulation and renal hemodynamics in experimental animals
Authors: Chanhome Lawan , Sitprija Visith , Chaiyabutr Narongsak 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background: Many studies have reported the occurrence of lethal acute renal failure after snakebites. Bungarus candidus (Malayan krait) is a medically important venomous snake distributed widely throughout Southeast Asia. The best known features of systemic envenoming by B. candidus are neurotoxic. Objective: Obtain more information on effects of B. candidus venom on changes in systemic and renal hemodynamics in experimental animals. Methods: Twelve adult male New Zealand white rabbits were used to study the effect of B. candidus venom on general circulation and renal hemodynamics. An anesthetized animal was intravenously injected with B. candidus venom at a dosage of 50μg/kg bodyweight. All changes of parameters were observed after initial post venom injection and recorded at 30 min intervals until 150 minutes after envenomation. Results: After envenomation, cardiovascular responses showed a marked decrease in mean arterial pressure within two minutes, afterwards gradually returning closely to baseline values. There were stepwise decreases in heart rate and cardiac output, while total peripheral resistance was slightly increased. The renal hemodynamics significantly decreased by glomerular filtration rate, effective renal plasma flow and effective renal blood flow, while the filtration fraction significantly increased. Envenomed animals showed a reduction in renal fraction, while renal vascular resistance stepwise increased. The plasma potassium level tended to increase. Animals showed stepwise decreases in urinary excretion of Na+, K+ and Cl-. A marked decrease in plasma calcium level was apparent at 120 minutes, while plasma creatine phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase levels increased at 30-120 minutes. Conclusion: A significant drop in blood pressure was attributed to a sustained fall in cardiac output, which would be associated with a reduction in heart rate. Sustained hypotension would contribute to reduction of renal blood flow, which results in decreased GFR.
A benign liver tumor mimics hepatic metastasis from colon cancer
Authors: Parinyanitikul Napa , Vajragupta Laddawan , Klaikaew Naruemon , Sirichindakul Boonchoo , Sriuranpong Virote 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background: Liver is the most common distant metastasized organ in advanced colon cancer. Surgical resection of metastatic lesions would offer the best chance of a long-term survival. An accurate diagnosis and evaluation of extent of disease is crucial in the management of liver metastasis. Objective: Report a benign hepatic condition mimicking liver metastasis in a colon cancer patient. Case presentation: A 53-year-old male with an early stage sigmoid colon cancer was treated with sigmoidectomy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of 5-FU, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin for six months. Annual computerized tomography of abdomen at two years after the surgery revealed three hypervascular nodules in the liver. Investigations including MRI of the liver and whole body FDG-F18 PET/CT demonstrated evidence consistent with non-metastatic liver nodules. Liver biopsy of one of the lesions led to the diagnosis of “focal nodular hyperplasia”. Conclusion: The possible etiology, diagnosis, and further management of this benign liver tumor, the focal nodular hyperplasia became clear.
Salivary clearance of sugar before and after insertion of fixed partial dentures
Authors: Karaoglanoglu Serpil , Duymus Zeynep Yesil , Akgul Nilgun , Ozdabak Nur , Seven Nilgun , Ozabacygil Fatma 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background: The development of carious lesions is dependent on the presence of acid-producing microflora in the mouth. The activity of these plaque bacteria is dependent on sugar, which diffuses from the saliva following carbohydrate intake. The sugar serves as a substrate for fermentation, producing organic acids that demineralize tooth enamel. Elimination of the sugar from the mouth is accomplished by dilution with newly secreted saliva, a process generally referred to as sugar clearence. Objectives: Determine if fixed partial prosthodontic treatment affects the length of salivary sugar clearance. Materials and methods: Fifteen male subjects age between 21 and 32, and requiring 10 porcelain fixed partial dentures were included in this study. Before receiving their dentures, the subjects, rinsed with a 10% sucrose solution for 30 seconds then gave saliva samples. The prpcedure was repeated one month after the dentures were put in place. The length of sugar clearance was calculated. Results: Salivary sugar was cleared in 14.89±0.89 minutes before the denture application and in 18.86± 0.90 minutes after denture treatment. The initial sucrose concentration was 113.63±1.29 mmol/L before the dentures and 142.99±10.82 mmol/L after the dentures. Conclusion: The use of fixed partial dentures does not affect the time required to clear salivary sugar or the level of the initial sucrose concentration.
Prevalence of respiratory viruses isolated from dogs in Thailand during 2008-2009
Authors: Posuwan Nawarat , Payungporn Sunchai , Thontiravong Aunyaratana , Kitikoon Pravina , Amonsin Alongkorn , Poovorawan Yong 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background: A highly contagious respiratory disease in canines is infectious tracheobronchitis or kennel cough characterized by inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. The cause of kennel cough has been associated with multiple or complex agents such as canine adeno virus (CAV), canine influenza virus (CIV), canine distemper virus (CDV), and canine para influenzavirus (CPIV). Objective: Study the prevalence of canine respiratory viruses detected from in Thailand during 2008-2009. Methods: Nasal swab samples collected from 102 healthy dogs and 109 dogs with respiratory diseases. Then CAV, CIV, CDV, and CPIV were detected by in-house nested PCR and further confirmed by nucleotide sequencing. Results: Nested PCR showed that primers designed and used in this study yielded high specificity without any non-specific amplification. The prevalence of CAV, CIV, CDV and CPIV in healthy dogs was 0%, 2.94%, 2.94%, and 0.98%, whereas that found in dogs with respiratory diseases was 9.17%, 1.83%, 2.75%, and 11.93%, respectively. In healthy dogs, co-infection with CPIV + CDV was detected in only 0.98%. On the other hand, dogs with respiratory symptoms showed multiple infections with CAV + CIV in 1.83%, CIV + CPIV in 0.92%, CAV + CPIV in 1.83%, and CAV + CDV + CPIV in 0.92%. Conclusion: The prevalence data obtained from this study may be useful for outbreak preventions and to raise awareness of potential transmission of the newly emerged canine influenza virus to humans.
Rod stiffness effect on adjacent segmental degeneration: a comparative long-term study
Authors: Tienboon Prakit , Jaruwangsanti Nara 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background: Adjacent segment disease (ASD) is a major complication following spinal instrumentation and fusion. The search for of the rod flexibility factors responsible for junctional degeneration is still ongoing. Objective: Determine the rod stiffness and ASD following posterior instrumentation and fusion for lumbar spine and find the proper rod diameter for adult spinal instrumentation for fusion. Subject and methods: Retrospective evaluation of all patients requiring spinal instrumentation to determine the different rod diameter that predispose toward junctional degeneration was completed. All patients requiring spinal instrumentation over a one-year period were studied retrospectively. One-hundred eight-seven patients (mean age 61.6 years) who had undergone decompression and fusion with pedicle screw instrumentation were evaluated. The average follow-up was 4.2 years. The average number of levels fused was 2.9 segments (range: 1-8). Adjacent spinal level pre- and post-operatively was determined on the plain X-rays. Junctional degeneration was defined as new episode of degeneration of the adjacent level on radiologic finding. Asymptomatic patients did not demonstrate junctional degeneration on the routine post-operative X-rays. Results: ASD developed in 15 (8.0%) out of 187 patients, including compression fractures (n=2), spinal stenosis (n=6), and symptomatic disc collapse (n=7). There was a close correlation between the posterior instrument stiffness and the development of ASD (p=0.011). For fusion and fixation with 5.5 mm and 6.0 mm rod diameter, ASD occurred in four (3.7%) out of 108 patients and in 11 (13.9 %) out of 79 patients, resepectively. The incidences of ASD were greater when the posterior instrument used were stiffer in lumbar spine fusion. The pre-operative age, gender, and indication for surgery were not associated with the development of ASD. Conclusion: The prevalence of symptomatic ASD relatively increased with increasing stiffness of spinal implant. The diameter of the longitudinal rod strongly affected the fixator loads, and influenced the stresses in the vertebral endplates. The rod diameter had influence on the stresses in the adjacent spinal motion segment.
Anatomy of the facial nerve branching patterns, the marginal mandibular branch and its extraparotid ramification in relation to the lateral palpebral line
Authors: Weerapant Ekaritt , Bunaprasert Tanom , Chokrungvaranont Prayuth , Chentanez Vilai 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background: Surgery of face and parotid gland may cause injury to branches of the facial nerve, which results in paralysis of muscles of facial expression. Knowledge of branching patterns of the facial nerve and reliable landmarks of the surrounding structures are essential to avoid this complication. Objective: Determine the facial nerve branching patterns, the course of the marginal mandibular branch (MMB), and the extraparotid ramification in relation to the lateral palpebral line (LPL). Materials and methods: One hundred cadaveric half-heads were dissected for determining the facial nerve branching patterns according to the presence of anastomosis between branches. The course of the MMB was followed until it entered the depressor anguli oris in 49 specimens. The vertical distance from the mandibular angle to this branch was measured. The horizontal distance from the LPL to the otobasion superious (LPL-OBS) and the apex of the parotid gland (LPL-AP) were measured in 52 specimens. Results: The branching patterns of the facial nerve were categorized into six types. The least common (1%) was type I (absent of anastomosis), while type V, the complex pattern was the most common (29%). Symmetrical branching pattern occurred in 30% of cases. The MMB was coursing below the lower border of the mandible in 57% of cases. The mean vertical distance was 0.91±0.22 cm. The mean horizontal distances of LPL-OBS and LPLAP were 7.24±0.6 cm and 3.95±0.96 cm, respectively. The LPL-AP length was 54.5±11.4% of LPL-OBS. Conclusion: More complex branching pattern of the facial nerve was found in this population and symmetrical branching pattern occurred less of ten. The MMB coursed below the lower border of the angle of mandible with a mean vertical distance of one centimeter. The extraparotid ramification of the facial nerve was located in the area between the apex of the parotid gland and the LPL.
Antibacterial efficacy of Bacopa monnieri leaf extracts against pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Khan Abdul Viqar , Ahmed Qamar Uddin , Shukla Indu , Khan Athar Ali 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background: Bacopa monnieri (Linn) Pennell (Scrophulariaceae) is widely distributed in tropical regions of Asia, and used in the treatment of cough or as an antiseptic. The traditional use of this plant suggests its possible antibacterial properties, but its efficacy has not been examined yet. Objective: Evaluate the antibacterial efficacy against pathogenic bacteria using the disk diffusion method. Materials and methods: Five different concentrations (500 μg, 1, 2, 5, 10, and 15 mg/mL) of crude leaf extracts of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell were tested for antibacterial efficacy against seven Gram-positive and 11 Gramnegative bacteria. The sensitivity of plant fractions was tested using the disk diffusion method. Results: Maximum activity was revealed by ethyl acetate and methanol extracts, followed by aqueous, benzene, and petrol extracts. Phyto-chemical analysis of the plant leaf showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins. Conclusion: This plant may be effective for treatment of different pathogenic diseases.
Efficacy of sanitation and sanitary factors against the German cockroach (Blattella germanica) infestation and effectiveness of educational programs on sanitation in Iran
Authors: Shahraki Gholam Hossein , Noor Hafidzi Mohd , Rafinejad Javad , Shahar Mohd Khadri , Ibrahim Yusof Bin 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background: Sanitation and educational programmes as tactics of the biorational control programme to affect bait performance against German cockroaches have been reported, but these are limited to discussion on the effect of these factors alone. Objective: Investigate the effectiveness of sanitation and related factors on German cockroaches (Blattella germanica) in Iran. Methods: Sticky traps were used to monitor cockroach infestations at three residential buildings comprising of 150 apartment units in the southwest part of Iran. Educational programmes using pamphlets, posters, and lectures to describe the importance of sanitation, exclusion, and low toxic control in biorational control approach was performed in the intervention groups of the surveyed residential buildings. The cockroach index and sanitation rate tables were tools to evaluate the infestation and sanitation. A questionnaire was distributed to collect information on unsanitary factors and occupants’ attitudes towards sanitation. Results: There was a significant correlation between infestation and poor sanitation. Furthermore, there was significant correlation between infestation and sanitation in a biorational system. The effectiveness of a comprehensive educational program on the improvement of unsanitary factors such as “dirty and cluttered”, “unwashed dishes left at night” and “leftover foods exposed at places” or “food debris” was significant as it reduced upon cockroach infestation. Other relevant effects were also taken into consideration. Conclusion: Sanitation has positive impact in reduction of German cockroach infestation.
Frosty, Freezing and Severe Freezing Days and Their Synoptic Implications in Małopolska, Southern Poland, 1951–2000
Authors: Bielec-Bąkowska Zuzanna , Łupikasza Ewa 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This study discusses the occurrence of days with unique thermal characteristics for the period 1951-2000. The authors investigated longterm variability, probability of occurrence and synoptic conditions favourable to frosty (tmin≤0˚C ∧ tmax>0˚C), freezing (tmax<0˚C) and severe freezing (tmax<-10˚C) days at six stations in the southern part of Poland. The occurrence of frosty days is characterized by the highest diversity, both in spatial and temporal terms and these days depend on the landform to the highest degree. The number of freezing days ranged from 28-30 in the foothills of the Carpathians to 147 at 2000 m a.s.l. in the Tatra Mountains, with severe freezing days from ca. 2 to ca. 18 days respectively, though no distinct trends were noted in their long-term progression. The anticyclonic situations and air mass advection from the southern sector (frosty days), from the east, south-east and north (freezing and severe freezing days) were the most favourable for the days examined.