bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergency Department Visits Involving Hallucinogen Use and Risk of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Myran Daniel T. , Pugliese Michael , Xiao Jennifer , Kaster Tyler S. , Husain M. Ishrat , Anderson Kelly K. , Fabiano Nicholas , Wong Stanley , Fiedorowicz Jess G. , Webber Colleen , Tanuseputro Peter , Solmi Marco 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceInterest in and use of hallucinogens has been increasing rapidly. While a frequently raised concern is that hallucinogens may be associated with an increased risk of psychosis, there are limited data on this association.ObjectivesTo examine whether individuals with an emergency department (ED) visit involving hallucinogen use have an increased risk of developing a schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD).Design, Settings, and ParticipantsThis population-based, retrospective cohort study (January 2008 to December 2021) included all individuals aged 14 to 65 years in Ontario, Canada, with no history of psychosis (SSD or substance induced). Data were analyzed from May to August 2024.ExposureAn incident ED visit involving hallucinogen use.Main Outcomes and MeasuresDiagnosis of SSD using a medical record–validated algorithm. Associations between ED visits involving hallucinogens and SSD were estimated using cause-specific adjusted hazard models. Individuals with an incident ED visit involving hallucinogens were compared with members of the general population (primary analysis) or individuals with ED visits involving alcohol or cannabis (secondary analysis).ResultsThe study included 9 244 292 individuals (mean [SD] age, 40.4 [14.7] years; 50.2% female) without a history of psychosis, with a median follow-up of 5.1 years (IQR, 2.3-8.6 years); 5217 (0.1%) had an incident ED visit involving hallucinogen use. Annual rates of incident ED visits involving hallucinogens were stable between 2008 and 2012 and then increased by 86.4% between 2013 and 2021 (3.4 vs 6.4 per 100 000 individuals). Individuals with ED visits involving hallucinogens had a greater risk of being diagnosed with an SSD within 3 years compared with the general population (age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 21.32 [95% CI, 18.58-24.47]; absolute proportion with SSD at 3 years, 208 of 5217 with hallucinogen use [3.99%] vs 13 639 of 9 239 075 in the general population [0.15%]). After adjustment for comorbid substance use and mental health conditions, individuals with hallucinogen ED visits had a greater risk of SSD compared with the general population (HR, 3.53; 95% CI, 3.05-4.09). Emergency department visits involving hallucinogens were associated with an increased risk of SSD within 3 years compared with ED visits involving alcohol (HR, 4.66; 95% CI, 3.82-5.68) and cannabis (HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.21-1.80) in the fully adjusted model.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, individuals with an ED visit involving hallucinogen use had a greater risk of developing an SSD compared with both the general population and with individuals with ED visits for other types of substances. These findings have important clinical and policy implications given the increasing use of hallucinogens and associated ED visits.
Repurposing Semaglutide and Liraglutide for Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Lähteenvuo Markku , Tiihonen Jari , Solismaa Anssi , Tanskanen Antti , Mittendorfer-Rutz Ellenor , Taipale Heidi 
Published: November 2024

ImportancePreliminary studies suggest that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1) agonists, used to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity, may decrease alcohol consumption.ObjectiveTo test whether the risk of hospitalization due to alcohol use disorder (AUD) is decreased during the use of GLP-1 agonists compared with periods of nonuse for the same individual.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study was an observational study conducted nationwide in Sweden using data from January 2006 to December 2023. The population-based cohort was identified from registers of inpatient care, specialized outpatient care, sickness absence, and disability pension. Participants were all residents aged 16 to 64 years who had a diagnosis of AUD.ExposuresThe primary exposure was use of individual GLP-1 agonists (compared with nonuse of GLP-1 agonists), and the secondary exposure was medications with indication for AUD.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was AUD hospitalization analyzed in a Cox regression within-individual model. Secondary outcomes were any substance use disorder (SUD)–related hospitalization, somatic hospitalization, and suicide attempt.ResultsThe cohort included 227 866 individuals with AUD; 144 714 (63.5%) were male and 83 154 (36.5%) were female, with a mean (SD) age of 40.0 (15.7) years. Median (IQR) follow-up time was 8.8 (4.0-13.3) years. A total of 133 210 individuals (58.5%) experienced AUD hospitalization. Semaglutide (4321 users) was associated with the lowest risk (AUD: adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.64; 95% CI, 0.50-0.83; any SUD: aHR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54-0.85) and use of liraglutide (2509 users) with the second lowest risk (AUD: aHR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.57-0.92; any SUD: aHR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.64-0.97) of both AUD and SUD hospitalization. Use of any AUD medication was associated with a modestly decreased risk (aHR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.96-1.00). Semaglutide (aHR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.68-0.90) and liraglutide (aHR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.69-0.91) use were also associated with decreased risk of somatic hospitalizations but not associated with suicide attempts (semaglutide: aHR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.23-1.30; liraglutide: aHR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.55-2.15).Conclusions and RelevanceAmong patients with AUD and comorbid obesity/type 2 diabetes, the use of semaglutide and liraglutide were associated with a substantially decreased risk of hospitalization due to AUD. This risk was lower than that of officially approved AUD medications. Semaglutide and liraglutide may be effective in the treatment of AUD, and clinical trials are urgently needed to confirm these findings.
Synaptic Density in Early Stages of Psychosis and Clinical High Risk
Authors: Blasco M. Belen , Nisha Aji Kankana , Ramos-Jiménez Christian , Leppert Ilana Ruth , Tardif Christine Lucas , Cohen Johan , Rusjan Pablo M. , Mizrahi Romina 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceSynaptic dysfunction is involved in schizophrenia pathophysiology. However, whether in vivo synaptic density is reduced in early stages of psychosis, including its high-risk states, remains unclear.ObjectiveTo investigate whether synaptic density (synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A [SV2A] binding potential) is reduced in first-episode psychosis (FEP) and in clinical high risk (CHR) and investigate the effect of cannabis use on synaptic density and examine its relationship with psychotic symptoms and gray matter microstructure across groups.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study was performed in a tertiary care psychiatric hospital from July 2021 to October 2023. Participants were patients with antipsychotic-free or minimally exposed FEP or CHR and healthy controls with a clean urine drug screen (except cannabis).Main Outcomes and MeasuresSynaptic density was quantified with dynamic 90-minute [18F]SynVesT-1 positron emission tomography (PET) scans across prioritized brain regions of interest (ROIs) delineated in individual magnetic resonance images (MRIs). Cannabis use was confirmed with urine drug screens. Gray matter microstructure was assessed using diffusion-weighted MRI to estimate neurite density.ResultsA total of 49 participants were included, including 16 patients with FEP (mean [SD] age, 26.1 [4.6] years; 9 males and 7 females), 17 patients at CHR (mean [SD] age, 21.2 [3.5] years; 8 males and 9 females), and 16 healthy controls (mean [SD] age, 23.4 [3.6] years; 7 males and 9 females). Synaptic density was significantly different between groups (F2,273 = 4.02, P = .02, Cohen F = 0.17; ROI: F5,273 = 360.18, P &amp;lt; .01, Cohen F = 2.55) with a group × ROI interaction (F10,273 = 2.67, P &amp;lt; .01, Cohen F = 0.32). Synaptic density was lower in cannabis users (F1,272 = 5.31, P = .02, Cohen F = 0.14). Lower synaptic density across groups was associated with more negative symptoms (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale negative scores: F1,81 = 4.31, P = .04, Cohen F = 0.23; Scale of Psychosis-Risk Symptoms negative scores: F1,90 = 4.12, P = .04, Cohen F = 0.21). SV2A binding potential was significantly associated with neurite density index (F1,138 = 6.76, P = .01, Cohen F = 0.22).Conclusions and RelevanceThis study found that synaptic density reductions were present during the early stages of psychosis and its risk states and associated with negative symptoms. The implications of SV2A for negative symptoms in psychosis and CHR warrant further investigation. Future studies should investigate the impact of cannabis use on synaptic density in CHR longitudinally.
Travel to High-Volume Centers and Survival After Esophagectomy for Cancer
Authors: Sakowitz Sara , Bakhtiyar Syed Shahyan , Mallick Saad , Yanagawa Jane , Benharash Peyman 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceOngoing efforts have encouraged the regionalization of esophageal adenocarcinoma treatment to high-volume centers (HVCs). Yet such centralization has been linked with increased patient travel burden and reduced postoperative continuity of care.ObjectiveTo determine whether traveling to undergo esophagectomy at HVCs is linked with superior overall survival compared with receiving care locally at low-volume centers (LVC).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study considered data for all patients diagnosed with stage I through III esophageal adenocarcinoma in the 2010-2021 National Cancer Database. Patients were stratified based on distance traveled to receive care and the annual esophagectomy volume at the treating hospital: the travel-HVC cohort included patients in the top 25th percentile of travel burden who received care at centers in the top volume quartile, and the local-LVC cohort represented those in the bottom 25th percentile of travel burden who were treated at centers in the lowest volume quartile. Data were analyzed from July 2023 to January 2024.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary end points were overall survival at 1 year and 5 years. Secondary end points included perioperative outcomes and factors linked with traveling to receive care.ResultsOf 17 970 patients, 2342 (13%) comprised the travel-HVC cohort, and 1969 (11%), the local-LVC cohort. The median (IQR) age was 65 (58-71) years; 3748 (87%) were male and 563 (13%) were female. After risk adjustment and with care at local LVCs as the reference, traveling to HVC was associated with superior survival at 1 year (hazard ratio for mortality [HR], 0.69; 95% CI, 0.58-0.83) and 5 years (HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.70-0.90). Stratifying by stage, traveling to HVCs was associated with comparable outcomes for stage I disease but reduced mortality for stage III (1-year HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.60-0.87; 5-year HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.74-0.93). Further, traveling to HVC was associated with greater lymph node harvest (β, 5.08 nodes; 95% CI, 3.78-6.37) and likelihood of margin-negative resection (adjusted odds ratio, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.29-2.60).Conclusions and RelevanceTraveling to HVCs for esophagectomy was associated with improved 1-year and 5-year survival compared with receiving care locally at LVCs, particularly among patients with locoregionally advanced disease. Future studies are needed to ascertain barriers to care and develop novel targeted pathways to ensure equitable access to high-volume facilities and high-quality oncologic care.
Vagus Nerve Preservation for Early Distal Gastric Cancer With Monitoring and Indocyanine Green Labeling
Authors: Yan Zhibo , Wei Meng , Zhang Tongchao , Guo Jinghao , Yu Ao , Liang Yize , Huang Yadi , Cui Xiaohan , Wang Honglei , Zhou Kuiquan , Dong Zikun , Yu Wenbin 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceRadical gastric cancer surgery can cause functional and physiological disorders due to the resection of perigastric vagus nerves. Few studies have used intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring and indocyanine green (ICG) labeling to preserve the perigastric vagus nerve and to evaluate the corresponding effects.ObjectiveTo assess the feasibility and effects of vagus nerve preservation using neurophysiologic monitoring and ICG labeling during laparoscopic distal gastrectomy in patients with early distal gastric cancer.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis open-label, prospective randomized clinical trial initially enrolled 285 patients with clinical stage cT1N0M0 distal gastric cancer from May 2022 to May 2023. This trial was conducted at Qilu Hospital of Shandong University in Jinan, China, and enrolled patients aged 18 to 80 years with histologically proven gastric adenocarcinoma scheduled for distal gastrectomy. The final follow-up examination was performed May 1, 2024.InterventionsEligible participants were randomly assigned 1:1 to vagus nerve preservation distal gastrectomy (VPG) or vagus nerve resection distal gastrectomy (VRG).Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the incidence of postsurgical gastroparesis. Secondary outcomes included postoperative gallstone formation, quality of life, morbidity, mortality, overall survival, and disease-free survival up to 12 months postoperatively. All analyses were based on both intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses.ResultsOf 264 patients included in the intention-to-treat analysis, the median (IQR) patient age was 58.0 (52.0-67.0) years, and 67 patients (25.4%) were female. Both the VPG and VRG groups included 132 patients. Postoperative gastroparesis occurred in 1 patient (0.8%) in the VPG group and in 10 patients (7.6%) in the VRG group. Gallstones developed in 0 patients in the VPG group and in 9 patients (6.8%) in the VRG group. As assessed by mean (SD) score on the 30-item European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire, the VRG group experienced more nausea and vomiting at 6 months postsurgery (19.38 [7.62]) than the VPG group (17.15 [9.21]) (P = .03) and had significantly higher rates of persistent appetite loss, reflux symptoms, and eating difficulties at both 6 months and 12 months than the VPG group. Differences in postoperative complications and metastasis were not significant.Conclusions and RelevanceNeurophysiologic monitoring and ICG labeling during distal laparoscopic gastrectomy for vagus nerve preservation in patients with early distal gastric cancer are safe and feasible. Preserving the perigastric vagus nerve may retain the function of the remnant stomach and improve quality of life.Trial RegistrationChictr.org.cn Identifier: ChiCTR2200059489
A Diathesis‐Stress Approach to Understanding Partner Maltreatment Perpetration: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Knox Laura , Karantzas Gery C. , Marshall Emma 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTDespite evidence suggesting that partner maltreatment—a concept which represents a wide array of negative, destructive, and abusive behaviors in romantic relationships—is likely to fluctuate over time, the longitudinal trajectory of partner maltreatment is unclear. This study aims to identify the average trajectory of partner maltreatment over a 5‐month period before applying an attachment‐informed diathesis‐stress framework to explain points of escalation or de‐escalation in partner maltreatment perpetration. Two hundred and eight individuals completed 5 monthly assessments of partner maltreatment as well as an assessment of adult attachment and perceived stress at baseline. A nonlinear (i.e., quadratic function) trajectory provided optimal fit for partner maltreatment perpetration over time. An interaction between attachment avoidance and perceived stress predicted the trajectory of partner maltreatment perpetration. Specifically, higher attachment avoidance and higher perceived stress predicted a small initial decline followed by a steep increase in partner maltreatment perpetration. No significant associations were found for the interaction between attachment anxiety and stress and partner maltreatment. The findings suggest that perpetration of partner maltreatment fluctuates over time, and that an attachment‐informed diathesis‐stress framework can be applied to explain levels of partner maltreatment perpetration and points of escalation and de‐escalation over time.
Melt Expansion and Thermal Transitions of Semiconducting Polymers in Thin Films
Authors: Henry Reece , Ade Harald 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe molecular self‐organization and reorganization and thus volumetric and density changes during structural relaxation and melting of modern organic semi‐conducting materials remains largely unknown, particularly in the device relevant thin film geometry where the initial state may be structurally quenched away from equilibrium. Here, the apparent mass‐thickness of a range of semi‐conducting polymeric or molecular model materials systems is measured through in situ ellipsometry. Surprisingly, the volume changes upon melting correlate inversely, with a few exceptions, to the quality of crystallinity found via x‐ray methods (i.e., directly correlate with the paracrystalline g‐parameter) rather than the melting enthalpy that is possibly a proxy for the degree of crystallinity. This study also observes changes in orientation and/or density due to segmental relaxation during the first heat, thus complementing other characterization methods that measure relaxation or reorganization transitions. Semiconducting materials exhibit very large melt expansion and a richer phase‐behavior compared to commodity polymers, presumably due to their complex chemical structure. The results delineate an important and novel structure‐function relation that, together with simulations constrained by these results, will lead to better rational design of semi‐conducting materials.
Injectable Hydrogels for Programmable Nanoparticle Release
Authors: Shi Wenting , Ying Xi , Sheng Xinyi , Das Soumen , He Dongjing , Collins Kasie , Hu Yuhang , Finn M.G. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractInjectable hydrogels represent a promising strategy for the extended release of biological molecules, thereby reducing the frequency of injections. This study introduces a novel system based on Michael addition of dextran and polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymers functionalized with oxanorbornadiene (OND) and thiol groups, respectively. Reliable control over gelation speed allows administration by injection using a simple syringe‐to‐syringe mixing protocol that entrains more than 95% of virus‐like particle (VLP) cargo. A combination of retro‐Diels‐Alder and hydrolytic ester bond cleavage gives rise to programmable release of the VLPs. Different release profiles, including burst, linear, and delayed release over a two‐week period, are engineered using different OND linkages, and rheological characterization shows the hydrogels to be well within the desired range of stiffness for subcutaneous use. The modular nature of this system offers a generalizable platform for developing degradable materials aimed at sustained release biomedical applications.
Multiferroicity and Semi‐Cylindrical Alignment in Janus Nanofiber Aggregates
Authors: Arash Saba , Kharal Govinda , Chavez Bryan L. , Ferson Noah D. , Mills Sara C. , Andrew Jennifer S. , Crawford Thomas M. , Wu Yanwen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract1D multiferroic fibers are known to exhibit attractive characteristics, including enhanced magnetoelectric (ME) coupling compared to thin film and bulk architectures. A comprehensive understanding of composite fibers, however, has been hindered by the complexity of their structure, leading to limited reports. Here, clear and strong ME coupling is experimentally detected in a composite Janus nanofiber aggregate using second harmonic generation (SHG) polarimetry under different magnetic field orientations. The observation of such a pronounced effect using an all‐optical method has not been previously reported in multiferroic fibers. A series of global fits is performed to the SHG polarimetry results to investigate the behavior of nanofibers within an aggregate. We find the magnetically assembled fibers exhibit semi‐cylindrical alignment as well as the expected lengthwise alignment despite variations in size and composition from fiber to fiber. The ME coupling and the semi‐cylindrical alignment seen in SHG are further corroborated via X‐ray diffraction under similar magnetic field conditions. These findings contribute to the development of complex composite and multifunctional devices using multiferroic nanostructures as building blocks, even those with inhomogeneous shapes and geometries.
Harnessing Extreme Internal Damping in Polyrotaxane‐Incorporated Liquid Crystal Elastomers for Pressure‐Sensitive Adhesives
Authors: Choi Subi , Guo Hongye , Kim Bitgaram , Seo Ji‐Hun , Terentjev Eugene M. , Saed Mohand O. , Ahn Suk‐kyun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLiquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) exhibit extraordinary energy dissipation due to their unique viscoelastic response, resulting from the rotation of mesogens under mechanical stress. While recent studies demonstrate the LCE‐based pressure‐sensitive adhesives (PSAs) by exploiting the enhanced damping, all previous studies have focused on LCEs with covalent crosslinks. Here, a new class of PSAs is developed by integrating movable polyrotaxane crosslinkers into an LCE matrix (PRx‐LCEs). Dynamic viscoelastic measurements reveal that PRx‐LCE exhibits a remarkably high energy dissipation, as indicated by a large tan δ. Interestingly, the secondary tan δ peak associated with LCE damping is more pronounced than the primary peak of the glass transition. The exceptional energy dissipation in PRx‐LCE results in superior adhesion strength (≈1864 N m−1), which is 3.5 times higher than conventional LCEs and 13 times higher than commercial PSAs in the peel test. Additionally, PRx‐LCEs demonstrate thermally reversible adhesion, enabling clean removal at elevated temperatures. Furthermore, the sliding effect in PRx‐LCE enhances both deformability and stress relaxation under load, resulting in deeper indentation, and superior adhesion during the probe tack test. The combination of LCE and slidable crosslinks provides robust and switchable adhesion, making them promising for applications in biomedical engineering, display, and semiconductor industries.
Template Quality Dependent Conversion Synthesis of Boron Nitride Coated Graphene Hybrid Aerogels for Ultrasensitive and Selective Ammonia Sensing
Authors: Li Guangliang , Long Hu , Turner Sally , Azizi Amin , Yan Aiming , Yuan Zhen , Liao Guanglan , Carraro Carlo , Maboudian Roya , Shi Tielin , Zettl Alex 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRecently, hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) nanomaterials, e.g., nanosheets and nanotubes, have been predicted to be effective materials for reversible gas adsorption with high selectivity once charged. However, despite the encouraging theoretical predictions, sensing with h‐BN is difficult to realize experimentally due to its electrically insulating nature stemming from its large band gap. In this research, the controlled synthesis of high surface area hybrid h‐BN/graphene aerogel is reported, using high‐quality graphene as a template, and its application for selective gas sensing. It is discovered for the first time in this system that the difficulty of conversion in template synthesis of h‐BN is positively correlated with the quality of the carbon template, an observation that is verified on both graphene nanosheets and carbon nanotubes. The application of this hybrid material for gas sensing yields ppb level of detection limit and high selectivity for NH3. Through density functional theory calculations, the adsorption energy and charge transfer between NH3 molecules and aerogel are greatly enhanced. Therefore, this innovative approach promises new possibilities for the application of h‐BN in gas sensing, with the potential to play a significant role in gas capture, environmental monitoring, and other related fields.