bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk Stratification by Genetic Profiling in Patients with Cirrhosis
Authors: Fujiwara Naoto , Hoshida Yujin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPrediction of future hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk in the sizable chronic liver disease population is an urgent unmet need to enable regular HCC screening for early detection. Germline deoxyribonucleic acid polymorphisms likely represent etiology-specific host factors that determine HCC susceptibility, including single nucleotide polymorphisms in EGF, IFNL3, MICA, and TLL1 in hepatitis C with or without active viral infection, and PNPLA3, TM6SF2, and MBOAT7 in metabolic liver diseases. Transcriptome-based prognostic liver signature in diseased liver tissue has been associated with long-term HCC risk in viral and metabolic etiologies. Transcriptomic signatures of hepatic injury and specific cell type such as aggregated lymphocytes also predict HCC development. Circulating factors such as proteins and their chemical modification, nucleotides, and metabolites may serve for less-invasive assessment of short- or long-term HCC risk. These biomarkers will enable individual HCC risk-based personalized clinical management for cost-effective early HCC detection and improvement of patient survival.
The Impact of Medicaid Expansion on Postpartum Health Care Utilization among Pregnant Women with Opioid use Disorder
Authors: Patton Briana P. , Krans Elizabeth E. , Kim Joo Yeon , Jarlenski Marian 
Published: March 2019

Background Opioid use disorder (OUD) during pregnancy has increased dramatically over the past decade, as have associated adverse maternal health outcomes. Although Medicaid has long been the largest payer for deliveries in the United States, states’ decisions to expand Medicaid eligibility to low-income adults has the potential to increase access to care for women in the postpartum period. This study aimed to determine the impact of the 2015 Pennsylvania Medicaid expansion on postpartum insurance coverage and preventive care utilization among pregnant women with opioid use disorder (OUD). Methods In 2017, we conducted a retrospective cohort study using 2013–2015 administrative Medicaid data provided by the Pennsylvania Department of Human Services. We identified 1562 women with opioid use disorder who had a live birth delivery in a pre-Medicaid expansion or post-expansion study period. We compared length of continuous enrollment in Medicaid following delivery, postpartum visit attendance, and contraception initiation between groups. Results More women in the post-expansion group remained enrolled in Medicaid at 300 days postpartum, relative to the pre-expansion group (87% vs. 81%). Medicaid expansion was not associated with differences in postpartum visit attendance or contraceptive use. However, women who remained enrolled in Medicaid for at least 300 days post delivery had an increased odds of postpartum visit attendance (odds ratio [OR]: 1.6, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04, 2.4). Conclusion The rate of continuous Medicaid enrollment among postpartum women with OUD was significantly higher after expansion, whereas rates of preventive care utilization were unaffected. Although improving insurance coverage for women with OUD is an important step to improve access to recommended preventive care, additional efforts are needed to ensure utilization of such care.
Helium flux effects on bubble growth and surface morphology in plasma-facing tungsten from large-scale molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Hammond Karl D. , Naeger Ian V. , Widanagamaachchi Wathsala , Lo Li-Ta , Maroudas Dimitrios , Wirth Brian D. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We investigate helium flux effects on helium transport and surface evolution in plasma-facing tungsten using molecular dynamics. The simulations span two orders of magnitude, from ITER-relevant levels to those more typical of simulations published to date. Simulation times of up to 2.5 µs (corresponding to actual fluences of

m−2) are achieved, revealing concerted bubble-bursting events that are responsible for significant and very sudden changes in surface morphology. The depth distribution of helium depends very strongly on helium flux: helium self-trapping becomes more probable near the surface at high flux, and a layer of near-surface bubbles forms. Helium retention prior to the onset of bubble bursting is also substantially lower at low flux than it is at high flux. Surface features at low fluence are correlated with the positions of bubbles, but at high fluence, bubbles tend to coalesce, venting to the surface at one or more locations and leaving large interconnected cavities below the surface. Ruptured bubbles may serve as pathways deeper into the material, allowing helium to bypass the layer of near-surface bubbles and fill deeper, potentially much larger, bubbles that can produce more substantial surface features. Deeper bubbles also emit prismatic dislocation loops that can fill in cavities closer to the surface. Our results suggest that nearly all molecular dynamics simulations published to date are hampered by finite-size effects, and that helium flux is a very important parameter in determining the behavior of helium in plasma-facing components.
Co-occurring Notonecta (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Notonectidae) Species Differ in Their Behavioral Response to Cues of Belostoma (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Belostomatidae) Predation Risk
Authors: Ferzoco Ilia Maria C , Baines Celina B , McCauley Shannon J 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPredators affect prey through direct consumption as well as by inducing prey to defensively alter their phenotypes, including behavioral phenotypes, to maximize survival under predation risk. Closely related sympatric prey species with shared natural enemies may resolve behavioral trade-offs under predation risk differently. In a laboratory experiment, we investigated two co-occurring semiaquatic backswimmer congeners, which exhibit differences in their degree of habitat specialization across a gradient of habitat permanence. Notonecta irrorata Uhler primarily occur in ephemeral ponds, whereas Notonecta undulata Say are habitat generalists that are commonly found in both permanent and ephemeral ponds. We tested whether the two species differed in antipredator responses to both visual and chemical cues of a shared predator, the giant water bug, in a fully factorial design. The generalist species, N. undulata, exhibited reductions in activity in the presence of predator chemical cues only, whereas the specialist species, N. irrorata, remained consistently active across predator cue treatments. Our work shows that there are species-specific differences in how prey assess or respond to predation risk. The varying propensities of these backswimmer congeners to behaviorally respond to a shared predator, and differences in their behavior when exposed to different predation risk cues may be linked to underlying divergence in their life-history strategies.
Long-term effect of community-based continence promotion on urinary symptoms, falls and healthy active life expectancy among older women: cluster randomised trial
Authors: Tannenbaum Cara , Fritel Xavier , Halme Alex , van den Heuvel Eleanor , Jutai Jeffrey , Wagg Adrian 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe long-term effectiveness of group continence promotion delivered via community organisations on female urinary incontinence, falls and healthy life expectancy remains unknown.MethodsA pragmatic cluster randomised trial was conducted among 909 women aged 65–98 years with urinary incontinence, recruited from 377 community organisations in the UK, Canada and France. A total of 184 organisations were randomised to an in-person 60-min incontinence self-management workshop (461 participants), and 193 to a control healthy ageing workshop (448 participants). The primary outcome was self-reported incontinence improvement at 1-year. Falls and gains in health utility were secondary outcomes.ResultsA total 751 women, mean age 78.0, age range 65–98 completed the trial (83%). At 1-year, 15% of the intervention group versus 6.9% of controls reported significant improvements in urinary symptoms, (difference 8.1%, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 4.0–12.1%, intracluster correlation 0.04, number-needed-to-treat 13) and 35% versus 19% reported any improvement (risk difference 16.0%, 95% CI 10.4–21.5, number-needed-to-treat 6). The proportion of fallers decreased from 42% to 36% in the intervention group (−8.0%, 95% CI −14.8 – −1.0) and from 44% to 34% in the control group (−10.3%, 95% CI −17.4 – −3.6), no difference between groups. Both intervention and control groups experienced a gain in health utility (0.022 points (95% CI 0.005–0.04) versus 0.035 (95% CI 0.017–0.052), respectively), with no significant difference between groups.ConclusionCommunity-based group continence promotion achieves long-term benefits on older women’s urinary symptoms, without improvement in falls or healthy life expectancy compared with participation in a healthy ageing workshop.
Mantle Cell Lymphoma With Mantle Zone Growth Pattern
Authors: Yuan Ji , Li Shaoying , Liu Xin , Su Ruijun Jeanna , Chen Mingyi , Wu Xiaojun , Zheng Gang , Smith Lynette M , Wang Lifu , Li Yanxia , Liu Cynthia , Zhou Jiehao , Shen Qi , Zhang Linsheng , Wang Endi , Xu Mina L , Pan Zenggang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo characterize the clinical and pathologic features of mantle cell lymphoma with mantle zone growth pattern (MCL-MZGP).MethodsThe clinicopathologic data from 35 cases of MCL-MZGP obtained in 12 centers were analyzed.ResultsThe patients with MCL-MZGP typically sought treatment at high clinical stages (81%). Intriguingly, 40% (14/35) of cases were incidentally noted. The lymph nodes with MCL-MZGP showed preserved architecture and expanded mantles containing lymphoma cells with classic or small cell cytology. MCL-MZGP was positive for BCL2 (96%, bright), CD5 (82%, moderate), cyclin D1 (100%), and SOX11 (89%). Clinically, our study revealed no significant difference in the overall survival between patients managed with observation alone and those who received chemotherapy.ConclusionsMCL-MZGP was often incidentally identified and resembled reactive mantles. Therefore, recognition of this unusual morphology emphasizes the utility of cyclin D1 immunostain in the cases with suspicious morphology. However, the clinical significance of these findings is still unclear.
Lack of Association Between Serotonin Transporter Gene (SLC6A4) Promoter Methylation and Amygdala Response During Negative Emotion Processing in Individuals With Alcohol Dependence
Authors: Muench Christine , Luo Audrey , Charlet Katrin , Lee Jisoo , Rosoff Daniel B , Sun Hui , Fede Samantha J , Jung Jeesun , Momenan Reza , Lohoff Falk W 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Aims
Differences in DNA methylation of the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) have been shown to alter SLC6A4 expression and predict brain functions in healthy individuals. This study investigated the association between SLC6A4 promoter methylation and threat-related amygdala activation in individuals with alcohol dependence (AD).

Methods
Methylation of the SLC6A4 promoter region was assessed using peripheral blood DNA from 45 individuals with AD and 45 healthy controls (HCs). All participants completed an emotional face matching task in a 3-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner.

Results
Results did not reveal any association between SLC6A4 promoter methylation variation and threat-related amygdala activation in HCs or individuals with AD. Furthermore, methylation in the promoter region of SLC6A4 did not significantly differ between the groups.

Conclusions
Our results do not replicate a previous finding that increased methylation in the promoter region of SLC6A4 is associated with threat-related amygdala activation in healthy individuals and further show that there is no such association in individuals with AD. Given that the number of imaging epigenetics studies on SLC6A4 is very limited to date, these inconsistent results indicate that future research is needed to clarify its association with amygdala reactivity in both healthy and clinical populations.
“We Gotta Get Out of this Place”: Literary Criticism in the Academic Workplace
Authors: Cassuto Leonard 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWinfried Fluck’s critique of the work of Rita Felski and Caroline Levine argues that the new formalism of these critics does not escape the Foucauldian regime that they seek to surpass. Following from Fluck’s observation, I argue that we should view the practice of literary criticism within the straitened academic workplace within which it is produced—and that this is a context we ignore at our own peril. The longstanding employment problems in academia contribute to the patterns that Felski and Levine identify—and in fact may cause them.
Social experiences shape behavioral individuality and within-individual stability
Authors: Jäger Heidi Y , Han Chang S , Dingemanse Niels J 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIndividual repeatability characterizes many behaviors. Repeatable behavior may result from repeated social interactions among familiar group members, owing to adaptive social niche specialization. In the context of aggression, in species like field crickets, social niche specialization should also occur when individuals repeatedly interact with unfamiliar individuals. This would require the outcome of social interactions to have carry-over effects on fighting ability and aggressiveness in subsequent interactions, leading to long-term among-individual differentiation. To test this hypothesis, we randomly assigned freshly emerged adult males of the southern field cricket Gryllus bimaculatus to either a solitary or social treatment. In social treatment, males interacted with a same-sex partner but experienced a new partner every 3 days. After 3 weeks of treatment, we repeatedly subjected treated males to dyadic interactions to measure aggression. During this time, we also continuously measured the 3-daily rate of carbohydrate and protein consumption. Individual differentiation was considerably higher among males reared in the social versus solitary environment for aggressiveness but not for nutrient intake. Simultaneously, social experience led to lower within-individual stability (i.e., increased within-individual variance) in carbohydrate intake. Past social experiences, thus, shaped both behavioral individuality and stability. While previous research has emphasized behavioral individuality resulting from repeated interactions among familiar individuals, our study implies that behavioral individuality, in the context of aggression, may generally result from social interactions, whether with familiar or unfamiliar individuals. Our findings thus imply that social interactions may have a stronger effect on individual differentiation than previously appreciated.
Simultaneous Quantitation of Five Bioactive Ingredients in Raw and Processed Fallopia multiflora by Employing UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS
Authors: Tao Yi , Zhou Xiaoping , Li Weidong , Cai Baochang 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Fallopia multiflora is used for treatment of premature graying hair and blood deficiency. In this study, a quantitative method was developed for determination of five bioactive components (emodin, 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxy-stilbene- 2-Ο-β-d-glucoside, emodin-8-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, ω-hydroxyemodin and kaempferol) in raw and processed F. multiflora by using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry-based method. The sample handling procedure was optimized. Chromatographic separation was carried out on a Thermo Syncronis AQ-C18 UHPLC column with mobile phase consisting of 0.01% aqueous formic acid and acetonitrile. The method was interrogated in terms of linearity, precision, stability and recovery tests. All calibration curves displayed good linearity (R2 > 0.9992). The limit of detection and limit of quantification of these components ranged from 0.01 to 0.03 μg/mL and from 0.03 to 0.07 μg/mL, respectively. The average recoveries of these components were from 98.2 to 102.9% with relative standard deviation values from 0.8 to 2.9% for F. multiflora. The developed method can be applied to quality control of raw and processed F. multiflora.
Impact of a decreasing pre-test probability on the performance of diagnostic tests for coronary artery disease
Authors: Juarez-Orozco Luis Eduardo , Saraste Antti , Capodanno Davide , Prescott Eva , Ballo Haitham , Bax Jeroen J , Wijns William , Knuuti Juhani 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Aims
To provide a pooled estimation of contemporary pre-test probabilities (PTPs) of significant coronary artery disease (CAD) across clinical patient categories, re-evaluate the utility of the application of diagnostic techniques according to such estimates, and propose a comprehensive diagnostic technique selection tool for suspected CAD.

Methods and results
Estimates of significant CAD prevalence across sex, age, and type of chest pain categories from three large-scale studies were pooled (n = 15 815). The updated PTPs and diagnostic performance profiles of exercise electrocardiogram, invasive coronary angiography, coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), positron emission tomography (PET), stress cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), and SPECT were integrated to define the PTP ranges in which ruling-out CAD is possible with a post-test probability of &lt;10% and &lt;5%. These ranges were then integrated in a new colour-coded tabular diagnostic technique selection tool. The Bayesian relationship between PTP and the rate of diagnostic false positives was explored to complement the characterization of their utility. Pooled CAD prevalence was 14.9% (range = 1–52), clearly lower than that used in current clinical guidelines. Ruling-out capabilities of non-invasive imaging were good overall. The greatest ruling-out capacity (i.e. post-test probability &lt;5%) was documented by CCTA, PET, and stress CMR. With decreasing PTP, the fraction of false positive findings rapidly increased, although a lower CAD prevalence partially cancels out such effect.

Conclusion
The contemporary PTP of significant CAD across symptomatic patient categories is substantially lower than currently assumed. With a low prevalence of the disease, non-invasive testing can rarely rule-in the disease and focus should shift to ruling-out obstructive CAD. The large proportion of false positive findings must be taken into account when patients with low PTP are investigated.
Novel functions of macrophages in the heart: insights into electrical conduction, stress, and diastolic dysfunction
Authors: Leuschner Florian , Nahrendorf Matthias 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Over a century ago, Élie Metchnikoff described the macrophages’ ability to phagocytose. Propelled by advances in technology enabling phenotypic and functional analyses at unpreceded resolution, a recent renaissance in macrophage research has shed new light on these ‘big eaters’. We here give an overview of cardiac macrophages’ provenance in the contexts of cardiac homeostasis and stress. We highlight the recently identified mechanism by which these cells regulate electrical conduction in the atrioventricular node and discuss why we need a deeper understanding of monocytes and macrophages in systolic and diastolic dysfunctions.
Statistical modelling for exploring diel vertical movements and spatial correlations of marine fish species: a supplementary tool to assess species interactions
Authors: Guan Lisha , Jin Xianshi , Wu Qiang , Shan Xiujuan 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Species interactions are important for explaining community dynamics and population trends, but very time- and effort-consuming to assess. Although diel vertical movements (DVM) and spatial correlations for various fish species have been explored to assess species interactions in aquatic communities, there is lack of cost-efficient approaches to studying both aspects concurrently. In this study, we proposed a single-species spatio-temporal model to quantify diel variations in the probabilities of a non-empty catch (p) and catch rates given that the catch is non-empty (λ). The model is applied to investigate patterns in DVM of nine dominant fish and shrimp species in the Yellow Sea (YS) using bottom trawl survey data. Subsequently, we utilized the spatio-temporal models built for the nine species to hindcast the spatial distributions of p and λ by year and species, which were further used to calculate between-species spatial correlation coefficients (corspatial). Results showed the nine species exhibited three different patterns of diel variation in p or λ, indicating they utilize the water column swept by the bottom trawls at different times of a day. Moreover, for the nine species in the YS those with limited interactions generally have negative corspatial or positive corspatial &lt; 0.2 in λ, and others linked by strong predator–prey relationships or major food overlaps have corspatial ≥ 0.46 in λ. The strength of the positive spatial correlations in λ of different fishes shows some correspondence with the intensity of predation and competition between species and may be a supplementary tool to assess species interactions.
Elucidation of causal direction between asthma and obesity: a bi-directional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Xu Shujing , Gilliland Frank D , Conti David V 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Observational associations between asthma and obesity are well established, but inferring causality is challenging. We leveraged publicly available summary statistics to ascertain the causal direction between asthma and obesity via Mendelian randomization in European-ancestry adults.

Methods
We performed two-sample bi-directional Mendelian randomization analysis using publicly available genome-wide association studies summary statistics. Single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with asthma and body mass index at genome-wide significance were combined using a fixed effect meta-analysis in each direction. An extensive sensitivity analysis was considered.

Results
There was evidence in support of increasing causal effect of body mass index on risk of asthma (odds ratio 1.18 per unit increase, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.11, 1.25), P = 2 × 10−8. No significant causal effect of asthma on adult body mass index was observed [estimate −0.004, 95% CI (−0.018, 0.009), P = 0.553].

Conclusions
Our results confirmed that in European-ancestry populations, adult body mass index is likely to be causally linked to the risk of asthma; yet the effect of asthma on body mass index is small, if present at all.
Avibactam Sensitizes Carbapenem-Resistant NDM-1–Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae to Innate Immune Clearance
Authors: Ulloa Erlinda R , Dillon Nicholas , Tsunemoto Hannah , Pogliano Joe , Sakoulas George , Nizet Victor 
Published: March 2019

AbstractInfections caused by New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM)–producing strains of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae are a global public health threat lacking reliable therapies. NDM is impervious to all existing β-lactamase inhibitor (BLI) drugs, including the non–β-lactam BLI avibactam (AVI). Though lacking direct activity against NDMs, AVI can interact with penicillin-binding protein 2 in a manner that may influence cell wall dynamics. We found that exposure of NDM-1–producing K. pneumoniae to AVI led to striking bactericidal interactions with human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide LL-37, a frontline component of host innate immunity. Moreover, AVI markedly sensitized NDM-1–producing K. pneumoniae to killing by freshly isolated human neutrophils, platelets, and serum when complement was active. Finally, AVI monotherapy reduced lung counts of NDM-1–producing K. pneumoniae in a murine pulmonary challenge model. AVI sensitizes NDM-1–producing K. pneumoniae to innate immune clearance in ways that are not appreciated by standard antibiotic testing and that merit further study.