bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Student Learning in Removable Partial Denture Design by Using Virtual Three‐Dimensional Models Versus Traditional Two‐Dimensional Drawings: A Comparative Study
Authors: Mahrous Ahmed , Schneider Galen B. , Holloway Julie A. , Dawson Deborah V. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPurposeTo compare the use of virtual 3D casts as an alternative to paper‐based exercises in preclinical removable partial denture (RPD) design in terms of student outcomes (as evidenced by exercise evaluation scores), as well as student attitudes related to the 2 formats. The first hypothesis of this study is that virtual 3D digital models in the exercise will result in better student outcomes as evidenced by the final exercise score compared to the 2D drawings. The second hypothesis is that virtual 3D digital models in the exercise will result in greater student acceptance compared to the 2D drawings.Materials and MethodsStudents were divided into 2 equal, randomly assigned groups Both groups were made to solve 2 exercises: a class II exercise and a class IV exercise. Group 1 received the first exercise (exercise #1) as a Kennedy class IV design exercise in virtual 3D and the second exercise (exercise #2) as a Kennedy class II design exercise in traditional format. Group 2 would receive the opposite exercise #1 as a Kennedy class IV in traditional format and exercise #2 as a Kennedy class II in virtual 3D format. Virtual 3D casts were made to be identical to the traditional exercises. Students were then asked to complete a short survey to assess their preferences. The Wilcoxon Rank Sum test was used to compare the distribution of scores of exercises using the virtual 3D format with the scores when students used the traditional 2D format. Preference comparisons for the 2 formats were accomplished using exact binomial tests.ResultsThere was no difference in learning outcomes based on the distribution of student scores for either exercise independent of presentation format (p > 0.52). There was also no difference in individual student score between 2 identical exercises, independent of whether the exercise was using 3D virtual models or 2D drawings. A greater proportion of students agreed with the statements that favored the use of the virtual 3D models than disagreed with respect to all 7 questions asked, based upon the sign test (comparing agreement vs. disagreement with the statement, p < 0.0003 in all instances).ConclusionDespite there being no difference in learning outcomes (final scores), the students showed an overwhelming preference in having the virtual 3D casts part as part of the curriculum.
HCV reinfections after viral clearance among HIV‐positive patients with recent HCV infection in Taiwan
Authors: Huang Miao‐Hui , Chang Sui‐Yuan , Liu Chen‐Hua , Cheng Aristine , Su Li‐Hsin , Liu Wen‐Chun , Su Yi‐Ching , Sun Hsin‐Yun , Hung Chien‐Ching , Chang Shan‐Chwen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundHigher rates of hepatitis C virus (HCV) reinfection after viral clearance have been well described among HIV‐positive men who have sex with men (MSM) in Europe. The epidemiology of HCV reinfection, however, has rarely been investigated among HIV‐positive patients in Asia‐Pacific region.MethodsWe retrospectively identified HIV‐positive patients with recent HCV infection who had cleared their primary infection, either spontaneously or via treatment, between January 2011 and May 2018. All included patients were observed until 31 March 2019. HCV reinfection was defined as recurrent HCV viraemia after achieving viral clearance with anti‐HCV treatment or after spontaneous clearance.ResultsDuring the study period, 219 HIV‐positive patients (90.4% MSM) were diagnosed with recent HCV infection. Viral clearance with successful treatment was achieved in 108 patients (49.3%) and spontaneous clearance occurred in 20 (9.1%); of them, 18 (14.1%) acquired HCV reinfections, resulting in an incidence rate of 8.2 per 100 person‐years of follow‐up (95% CI 5.2‐13.1). With the adjusted Cox proportional hazards model, we found a higher reinfection risk in patients with syphilis (adjusted hazard ratio 10.3, 95% CI 1.4‐77.8, P = .023) compared to those without syphilis. HCV RNA testing, if performed only following syphilis and elevated aminotransferases, might miss 44.4% and 33.3% of HCV reinfections, respectively.ConclusionsSimilar to the findings in Europe, we observed a high incidence of HCV reinfection among HIV‐positive Taiwanese with recent HCV infection, which was significantly associated with syphilis. To identify HCV reinfections, annual HCV RNA testing should be instituted instead of testing driven by symptoms, syphilis or elevated aminotransferases.
Bayesian quantification of ecological determinants of outcrossing in natural plant populations: Computer simulations and the case study of biparental inbreeding in English yew
Authors: Chybicki Igor J. , Iszkuło Grzegorz , Suszka Jan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe mating system is a central parameter of plant biology because it shapes their ecological and evolutionary properties. Therefore, determining ecological variables that influence the mating system is important for a deeper understanding of the functioning of plant populations. Here, using old concepts and recent statistical developments, we propose a new statistical tool to make inferences about ecological determinants of outcrossing in natural plant populations. The method requires codominant genotypes of seeds collected from maternal plants within different locations. Using extensive computer simulations, we demonstrated that the method is robust to the issues expected for real‐world data, including the Wahlund effect, inbreeding and genotyping errors such as allele dropout and allele misclassification. Furthermore, we showed that the estimates of ecological effects and outcrossing rates can be severely biased if genotyping errors and genetic differentiation are not treated explicitly. Application of the new method to the case study of a dioecious tree (Taxus baccata) allowed revealing that female trees that grow in lower local densities have a greater tendency towards mating with relatives. Moreover, we also demonstrated that biparental inbreeding is higher in populations that are characterized by a longer mean distance between trees and a smaller mean trunk perimeter. We found these results to agree with both the theoretical predictions and the history of English yew.
Safety and efficacy of clonidine on postoperative vomiting and pain in pediatric ophthalmic surgery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hsu Yuan‐Pin , Chu Karen Chia‐Wen , Bai Chyi‐Huey , Huang Chun‐Jen , Chen Chiehfeng , Hsu Chin‐Wang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative vomiting and pain are common, unpleasant phenomena in pediatric patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery. Clonidine has antiemetic and analgesic properties and thus may be used as premedication to reduce postoperative vomiting and pain.AimTo assess whether clonidine premedication may safely decrease postoperative vomiting and postoperative pain in pediatric patients who received an ophthalmic surgery.MethodsWe systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases from their inception to September 2018. Randomized clinical trials comparing clonidine premedication with a placebo or an active comparator that investigated postoperative vomiting or postoperative pain in pediatric patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery were included. The primary outcome was postoperative vomiting. The secondary outcome was postoperative pain. We also evaluated the safety of clonidine premedication by tracking hemodynamic instability associated with its use.ResultsTen studies with 979 patients were eligible for inclusion. Clonidine achieved a significantly lower incidence of postoperative vomiting within 6 hours postoperatively, 6‐24 hours postoperatively, and at the end of the study (risk difference: −0.15; 95% confidence interval: −0.32 to −0.05; risk difference: −0.15; 95% confidence interval: −0.29 to 0.01; and risk difference: −0.23; 95% confidence interval: −0.34 to −0.12, respectively) than placebo. For the subgroup of patients who received strabismus surgery, clonidine produced a lower incidence of postoperative vomiting than placebo (risk difference: −0.19; 95% confidence interval: −0.29 to −0.05). Compared to benzodiazepine, clonidine achieved a lower incidence of postoperative vomiting at the end of the study (risk difference: −0.19; 95% confidence interval: −0.31 to −0.07); the effect was only observed in patients receiving clonidine 4 μg/kg. Furthermore, children receiving clonidine had lower postoperative pain scores, lower analgesic requirements, and more of them were pain‐free compared to those who received a placebo. No patient using clonidine had any major hemodynamic instability.ConclusionCompared to placebo or benzodiazepine, clonidine premedication was effective in reducing postoperative vomiting in pediatric patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery. Clonidine premedication also provided more reduction in postoperative pain when compared to placebo. The use of clonidine premedication was not associated with adverse hemodynamic events.
We won't find what we don't look for: Identifying barriers and enablers of chronic wet cough in Aboriginal children
Authors: Laird Pamela , Walker Roz , Lane Mary , Chang Anne B. , Schultz André 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveChronic lung disease is prevalent among Australian Aboriginal children. Chronic wet cough is an early marker of disease but often goes undetected. Currently, no studies have examined health practitioner knowledge of chronic wet cough. We set out to examine health practitioner knowledge of chronic wet cough and chronic lung disease in Aboriginal children and to identify barriers and enablers to effective management.MethodA qualitative study, gathering data through individual semi‐structured, in‐depth interviews and focus groups to ascertain health practitioner knowledge about management of Aboriginal children with chronic wet cough in a regional Kimberley town and remote community.ResultsThirty‐seven health practitioners participated. Key barriers identified were: (i) limited training in assessment and management of chronic wet cough; (ii) prioritization of acute presentations and competing complex chronic conditions; and (iii) normalization of cough in children by health practitioners. Key enablers were: (i) improving practitioners’ knowledge and expertise in managing chronic wet cough; and (ii) health system changes to facilitate longitudinal patient care, improved cultural competence, improved chronic disease management and post‐hospitalization follow‐up.ConclusionKey barriers to effective management of chronic wet cough are limited training in chronic wet cough management combined with competing complexities of both acute and chronic healthcare needs for Aboriginal families. Early detection and management of chronic wet cough in Aboriginal children can be facilitated through health practitioner training, access to standardized management guidelines and a service model that allows longitudinal patient follow‐up and resources to effectively prevent and manage chronic lung disease in children.
Connecting adverse childhood experiences and community health to promote health equity
Authors: Danielson Ramona , Saxena Divya 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can have negative effects on health outcomes across the lifespan. Furthermore, the effects of ACEs are often compounded by social determinants of health and historical and contemporary trauma that can affect entire communities. The socio‐ecological model is a valuable framework for understanding the complex systems in which efforts to promote health equity are situated. Using a trauma‐informed lens, community health becomes a powerful focal point for viable prevention and treatment options to address ACEs and promote health equity. Self‐healing on a community level involves collective engagement; people most affected by ACEs and trauma come together around activities that have the potential to lift up the entire community and foster individual and community resilience. The use of community health research and evaluation methods that are consistent with trauma‐informed, empowerment approaches can contribute to community healing. This paper is intended to establish a common language for how community healing can address ACEs and foster health equity.
Systematic identification of long noncoding RNAs expressed during light‐induced anthocyanin accumulation in apple fruit
Authors: Yang Tuo , Ma Huaying , Zhang Jie , Wu Ting , Song Tingting , Tian Ji , Yao Yuncong 
Published: July 2019

SummaryAnthocyanin pigments contribute to the red color of apple (Malus × domestica) fruit and have a major influence on their ornamental, dietary and market value. In this study, we investigated the potential role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in anthocyanin biosynthesis. RNA‐seq analysis of apple peels from the ‘Red Fuji’ cultivar during light‐induced rapid anthocyanin accumulation revealed 5297 putative lncRNAs. Differential expression analysis further showed that lncRNAs were induced during light treatment and were involved in photosynthesis. Using the miRNA−lncRNA−mRNA network and endogenous target mimic (eTM) analysis, we predicted that two differentially expressed lncRNAs, MLNC3.2 and MLNC4.6, were potential eTMs for miRNA156a and promoted the expression of the SPL2‐like and SPL33 transcription factors. Transient expression in apple fruit and stable transformation of apple callus showed that overexpression of the eTMs and SPLs promoted anthocyanin accumulation, with the opposite results in eTM and SPL‐silenced fruit. Silencing or overexpressing of miR156a also affected the expression of the identified eTMs and SPLs. These results indicated that MLNC3.2 and MLNC4.6 function as eTMs for miR156a and prevent cleavage of SPL2‐like and SPL33 by miR156a during light‐induced anthocyanin biosynthesis. Our study provides fundamental insights into lncRNA involvement in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway in apple fruit.
A Light-Weight Vibrational Motor Powered Recoil Robot That Hops Rapidly Across Granular Media
Authors: Quillen Alice C. , Nelson Randal C. , Askari Hesam , Chotkowski Kathryn , Wright Esteban , Shang Jessica K. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A 1-cm coin vibrational motor fixed to the center of a 4-cm square foam platform moves rapidly across granular media at a speed of up to 30 cm/s or about 5 body lengths/s. Fast speeds are achieved with dimensionless acceleration number, similar to a Froude number, up to 50, allowing the light-weight 1.4 g mechanism to remain above the substrate, levitated and propelled by its kicks off the surface. The mechanism is low cost and moves across granular media without any external moving parts. With 2-s exposure, we photograph the trajectory of the mechanism with an LED fixed to the mechanism. Trajectories can exhibit period doubling phenomena similar to a ball bouncing on a vibrating table top. A two-dimensional robophysics model is developed to predict mechanism trajectories. We find that a vertical drag force is required in the model to match the height above the surface reached by the mechanism. We attribute the vertical drag force to suction from air flow below the mechanism base and through the granular substrate. Our numerical model suggests that horizontal speed is maximized when the mechanism is prevented from jumping high off the surface. In this way, the mechanism resembles a galloping or jumping animal whose body remains nearly at the same height above the ground during its gait. Our mechanism and model illustrate that speed and efficiency of light-weight hoppers on granular media can be affected by aerodynamics and substrate permeability.
Kinetostatic Modeling and Optimization of a Novel Horizontal-Displacement Compliant Mechanism
Authors: Kong Kejia , Chen Guimin , Hao Guangbo 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This paper presents kinetostatic modeling of a compliant mechanism for translational motion. This mechanism arranges all compliant members in an inverted way, which enables the robustness against beam buckling due to the heavy payload. To enable quick design and analysis of the mechanism, a nonlinear analytical model is then derived based on the chained beam constraint model, which is validated by nonlinear finite element simulation. Geometric parameter optimization is further carried out for desired motion characteristics. Finally, a prototype is fabricated and tested to verify the analytical model.
Shell Side Single-Phase Experimental Heat Transfer Analysis of a Vertically Oriented Single Segmental Baffle Bundle With Dimpled Tubes
Authors: Abbas Ahmad , Ismail Tauseef , Ayub Zahid , Ayub Adnan , Cheema Taqi Ahmad , Li Wei , Ye Jun 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This paper presents single-phase shell side heat transfer performance of a vertically oriented shell and tube bundle. Steady-state single-phase experiments were conducted to determine the shell side Nusselt number with water and water/glycol solution as working fluids for both counter and parallel flow configurations. Experiments were carried out for Reynolds number varying from 3000 to 15,000 with Prandtl number ranging from 10 to 20. Counter flow configuration showed slightly better performance. Nusselt number correlations are presented for both configurations using a modified Wilson plot method. Comparison of results with previous studies and commercial software are presented. Thermal performance for all flow rate conditions showed close comparison to the results from a reputable commercial software. The correlation was further validated by comparing results for 30 different cases to calculations from 2 widely used commercial softwares. Comparison showed that the correlation can be used for the design of single-phase single segmental shell and tube heat exchangers.
Pipeline Coating Failures and Preventions
Authors: Jain Manish , Thakor Piyush 
Published: July 2019

The coating and cathodic protection protect pipeline against the corrosion. The failure of these two defense systems leads to corrosion failure of pipelines. Any changes in chemical, physical or electrochemical properties of coating which affect their properties to isolate tFhe pipes from the corrosive atmosphere is considered as failure of coating. The failure mechanism and the gap analysis need to be continuously done for improvements in specifications and its executions. Majority of the global oil and gas pipelines are being protected externally with either 3-Layer Polyolefin coating system or fusion bonded coatings. Some of the gas pipelines are provided with a flow improvement internal coatings considering nil corrosive challenges on internal surfaces. The failures in the external coating appear in the form of edge disbondment from cutbacks and near holidays, complete loss of adhesion of coating, loss of cohesion within coating, cracking in the coating, swelling & blistering around holidays, distortions in the coating, electro osmosis, electrophoresis and highly alkaline atmosphere near holidays, continual increase in CP currents and corrosion of the substrate. The internal surfaces of pipes are suffering corrosion mainly due to presence of corrosive gases viz. carbon dioxide, oxygen, condensates and other corrosive substances even in traces. The common methods like Dehydration, Inhibitors, Buffering, Biocide and Cleaning pigs are not adequate to protect the pipelines to from the corrosion. A very thin internal flow coat can hardly resist any corrosion and gets failed.
This paper presents the in-depth analysis of the major causes of coating failures and the improvements required in the external and internal coating selections, specifications, coating applications, testing and its maintenance.
Geo-Spatial Information System (GIS) Mapping of Pipeline Network in India Using Modern Route Survey Techniques and Practices
Authors: Singh Ravindra Kumar 
Published: July 2019

SECON developed GIS Database and Web based Pipeline Information Management System (PIMS Application) covering all the pipelines and facilities across the country for which work has been awarded to SECON Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore.
This database comprises of different map layers and associated tables pertaining to pipeline alignment, stations and facilities, dwellings and structures along the pipeline alignment, pipeline depth of cover, points of interest along the route etc.
Current Industry Gaps Within CP and Coating Surveys
Authors: Khera Ashish , Sahasrabudhay Arvind , Jain Ajay , Budhwar Tushar 
Published: July 2019

As per Indian regulations (OISD-STD-141, OISD-2014-SOP, PNGRB T4S, PNGRB IMS etc.), the mandatory requirement for the operators is to perform Cathodic Protection (CP) and/or Coating Integrity above ground survey every five (5) years.
The individual Indirect Inspection (IDi) technique or techniques used for such surveys are Closed Interval Survey (CIP) On/ Off, Direct Current Voltage Gradient (DCVG), Current Attenuation Testing (CAT) and Alternating Current Voltage Gradient (ACVG). These techniques primarily assist in evaluating the CP performance, coating condition of the pipeline and locations of probable DC/ AC interferences. Usually these surveys are performed separately and integrated by their respective GPS coordinates to get a common chainage.
As per prevailing practice in India, typically the pipeline operators perform a Closed Interval Survey (CIP) On/ Off survey and after reviewing the reports subsequently plan for conducting DCVG, CAT and/or ACVG for certain stretches only, where CIP indications are found. By the time the team is re-mobilized for these surveys the pipeline or environment conditions may be totally different. This may be due to season variability, accuracy of GPS (mapping, if at all conducted during the coating integrity survey), climatic conditions, access to right of way (RoW) due to cultivation / farming cycles, water table variance and eventually fluctuations in the insitu soil resistivity. In addition, interference from other CP sources in the RoW, which may have occurred during interim. All of this can lead to misalignment or incomplete analysis of the integrated consolidated survey data.
In addition, these “indirect inspection” surveys are majorly dependent on the experience and training of the surveyor, resulting in extensive subjectivity on the survey results with very limited traceability of collected data. This is unlike the other integrity tools for assessing integrity of a pipeline, such as In-line Inspection (ILI) as well as hydrostatic testing, wherein it is compulsory to provide the pipeline owner recorded footprint of the raw data collected for authenticity.
For the CP and coating integrity surveys, if these can be performed simultaneously along with workable recorded raw logs for each survey with recorded GPS position of the surveyor, for further analysis, this does lead to eradicating the subjectivity from the IDi surveyor and providing “true” authentic repeatable results. This paper provides case studies wherein results of legacy IDi surveys are compared to the results of performing all surveys together along with recorded raw logs.