bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impeding Nucleotide‐Binding Oligomerization Domain‐Like Receptor 3 Inflammasome Ameliorates Cardiac Remodeling and Dysfunction in Obesity‐Associated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Liu Shi‐qiang , Xie Sai‐yang , Zhang Tong , Zhang Heng , Chen Meng‐Ya , Xing Yun , Zhao Nan , Li Lanlan , Chen Si , Wang Sha‐sha , Zeng Xiao‐feng , Deng Wei , Tang Qi‐Zhu 
Published: November 2024

Background
Inflammation and metabolic disturbances are key culprits in the pathogenesis of obesity‐associated cardiomyopathy. The NLRP3 (nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain‐like receptor 3) inflammasome mediates the release of the proinflammatory cytokines IL‐1β (interleukin‐1β) and IL‐18 by activating caspase‐1, which is strongly implicated in metabolic disturbances. We here sought to determine whether NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition could ameliorate obesity cardiomyopathy and if so, to further explore its underlying mechanisms.

Methods and Results
Male mice were fed a high‐fat diet for 24 weeks to induce obesity cardiomyopathy. MCC950 was used to inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Recombinant adeno‐associated virus serotype 9 encoding TXNIP (thioredoxin‐interacting protein) under cTnT (cardiac troponin T) promoter and the mitochondrial‐targeted antioxidant MitoTEMPO were injected into obese mice to investigate the specific mechanism. To mimic obesity cardiomyopathy in vitro, neonatal rat ventricular myocytes transfected with the small interfering RNA against TXNIP were incubated with 400 μmol palmitic acid for 24 hours. NLRP3 inflammasome was significantly increased in obese hearts. NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition by NLRP3 deletion or MCC950 prevented obesity‐induced cardiac systolic and diastolic dysfunction, myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis, and excessive lipid accumulation in male mice. Conversely, TXNIP overexpression worsened obesity‐associated cardiomyopathy. Similarly, MCC950 treatment or TXNIP knockdown reduced palmitic acid‐induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and lipid storage. Mechanistically, abnormal NF‐κB (nuclear factor kappa B) pathway activation, increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, and elevated TXNIP levels led to excessive NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

Conclusions
Our study confirms that aberrant NLRP3 inflammasome activation in cardiomyocytes worsens obesity‐associated cardiomyopathy and implicates inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome as a potent therapeutic approach for obesity cardiomyopathy.
Combined Effects of Air Pollution and Changes in Physical Activity With Cardiovascular Disease in Patients With Dyslipidemia
Authors: Kim Hye Jun , Oh Yun Hwan , Park Sun Jae , Song Jihun , Kim Kyuwoong , Choi Daein , Jeong Seogsong , Park Sang Min 
Published: November 2024

Background
Sedentary behavior elevates cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in patients with dyslipidemia. Increasing physical activity (PA) is recommended alongside pharmacological therapy to prevent CVD, though benefits across environmental conditions are unclear.

Methods and Results

We analyzed data from 113 918 newly diagnosed patients with dyslipidemia (2009–2012) without prior CVD, sourced from the Korea National Health Insurance Service. Ambient particulate matter (PM) 2.5 and PM
10
levels were collected from the National Ambient Air Monitoring System in South Korea. Changes in PA, measured in metabolic equivalents of task–min/wk before and after dyslipidemia diagnosis, were evaluated for associations with air pollution levels and CVD risk using Cox proportional hazards regression. Patients were followed from January 1, 2013, until CVD onset, death, or December 31, 2021. Among patients exposed to low to moderate PM
2.5
levels (≤25 μg/m
3
), increasing PA from inactive to ≥1000 metabolic equivalents of tasks–min/wk was associated with a lower risk of CVD (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.70–0.97];
P
for trend=0.022). In high PM
2.5
(>25 μg/m
3
) conditions, increasing PA from inactive and decreasing PA from ≥1000 metabolic equivalents of task–min/wk was associated with reduced (
P
for trend=0.010) and elevated (
P
for trend=0.028) CVD risks, respectively. For PM
10
, increased PA was linked to reduced CVD risk (
P
for trend=0.002) and decreased PA to elevated risk (
P
for trend=0.042) in low to moderate PM
10
(≤50 μg/m
3
) conditions, though benefits diminished at high PM
10
(>50 μg/m
3
) exposures.

Conclusions
Promoting PA, while considering the high potential cardiovascular risk associated with air pollution, may be an effective intervention against CVD in patients with dyslipidemia.
Carotid Artery Stenting Outcomes by Neurointerventional Surgeons (CASONI)
Authors: Ezzeldin Mohamad , Hassan Ameer E. , Kerro Ali , Martucci Maria , Hussain Muhammad Shazam , Mir Osman , Sheriff Faheem G. , Kan Peter , Ezepue Chizoba , Janjua Nazli A. , Asif Kaiz S. , Grandhi Ramesh , Alaraj Ali , Niazi Muhammad , Mansour Ossama Yassin , Chen Michael , Bushnaq Saif , Tanweer Omar , Siddiqui Adnan H. , Delora Adam , Ezzeldin Rime , Navpreet Bains , Chaubal Varun , Abdulrazzak Mohammad Ammar , Saei Hamzah , Rodriguez Gustavo J. , AlMajali Mohammad , Edhayan Gautam , Shekhlee Amer Al , Hadjialiakbari Christopher , Froukh Musaab , Salah Walid K. , Nico Elsa , Madapoosi Adrusht , Radiaideh Yazan , Quispe‐Orozco Darko , Haim Oz , Garza Noel , Maud Alberto , Rolon‐Newton Morgan , Barakat Benan , Gowda Tejas , Monk Muhammad , Ali Zuhair , Anwoju Tunmi , Zaidat Osama O. , Siddiq Farhan 
Published: November 2024

Background
Multiple studies have highlighted the importance of carotid artery stenting (CAS) operator's experiences. However, fellowship‐trained neurointerventionalists remain an under‐represented specialty in the literature. We aim to report the complication rate of CAS performed exclusively by neurointerventionalists.

Methods
Retrospective cohort study regarding stenting symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid stenosis was collected at multiple comprehensive stroke centers. The primary outcome included a composite of the 30‐day periprocedural mortality, symptomatic ischemic stroke, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, and myocardial infarction. The secondary outcomes included other complications. Chi‐squared tests were performed for categorical variables, and Welch's t‐test was used for continuous variables. Cutoffs in continuous variables were estimated using grid search optimization. Sensitivity analyses were performed for missing data.

Results

Between 2018 and 2022, 1445 CAS procedures were performed by 38 neurointerventionalists. We have 30‐day outcome data on 1281 patients. Patients were predominantly symptomatic (93.01%), male (65.79%), White (70.36%), and had a median age of 69. The primary outcomes occurred in 26 (1.8%) cases, with 13 (0.9%) death, 8 (0.55%) symptomatic ischemic stroke, 4 (0.28%) symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, and 1 (0.07%) myocardial infarction. A statistically significant increase in all outcomes correlated with advanced age (
P
= 0.001), women (
P
= 0.013), aortic arch type 3 (
P
= 0.01), and higher preprocedural modified Rankin score (
P
= 0.006). Secondary outcomes were higher in Hispanic and Black patients (
P
= 0.007) and those with low diastolic blood pressure at stenting (
P
= 0.04).

Conclusion
CAS, conducted by fellowship‐trained neurointerventionalist physicians in comprehensive stroke centers, demonstrates a lower complication rate than what was previously reported in CAS, carotid endarterectomy, and transcarotid artery revascularization literature. Physician training, higher frequency, and standardized stroke care in a comprehensive stroke center may contribute to this low complication rate.
Three, Now Forgotten, Nineteenth-Century Leiden Scholars
Authors: Bearman Peri 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
When a field is in its genesis, as the study of Islam was in the nineteenth century, with so much still to be discovered and published, the loss of a promising star hits hard. This brief essay is written in homage to three up-and-coming Dutch scholars of the mid-nineteenth century, Hendrik Engelinus Weyers, J. J. B. Gaal, and Willem H. Engelmann, all from Leiden University, who were struck down in their prime. As their names have been now mostly erased in history, this article honors their all too short lives and work.
Small Children Receive Large Doses, While Large Children Receive Low Doses of Amoxicillin Per kg
Authors: Stenger Katelyn S. , Yamamoto Loren G. 
Published: November 2024

Purpose: With increasing pneumococcal penicillin resistance, physicians treat pneumococcal infections with high-dose amoxicillin (80-90 mg/kg/d). High-dose amoxicillin approaches adult doses which makes clinicians reluctant to exceed “adult doses.” This study examines the disparity of amoxicillin dosing between the ages of children. Methods: A retrospective chart review of 5503 children prescribed amoxicillin regardless of diagnosis. The final cohort consisted of 3620 encounters with infections that align with recommendations of high-dose amoxicillin. Results: Linear regression demonstrated a significant negative correlation between age/dose (mg/kg/d) and weight/dose (mg/kg/d). Larger children are prescribed declining doses in mg/kg/d, so most patients above 60 kg are dosed at less than 40 mg/kg/d. Children 6 years and under cluster around the 80 mg/kg/d dose. Conclusions: Older children receiving a lower than recommended dose per kilogram of amoxicillin for conditions that require high-dose amoxicillin. There is a disparity in the dosing of amoxicillin between age/weight categories. Article summary A chart review of 3620 pediatric patient encounters prescribed amoxicillin. After controlling for weight, as age and weight increases, the dose of amoxicillin prescribed decreases. Children are reaching the adult maximum dose right after they surpass 15 kg. What is known on this subject: An Amoxicillin guideline shift to 80 to 90 mg/kg/d for treating pneumococcal infections in 2014. This was due to increasing intermediate penicillin resistance. Obesity results in children reaching the “maximum” doses at younger ages as well. What this study adds: There is a disparity is amoxicillin dosing among the pediatric population, are small children getting too much amoxicillin, or are larger children getting too little? Children are also reaching the adult maximum dose at low weights, such as 20 kg. Deidentified individual participant data will not be made available.
Healthcare utilisation of 282,080 individuals with long COVID over two years: a multiple matched control, longitudinal cohort analysis
Authors: Mu Yi , Dashtban Ashkan , Mizani Mehrdad A , Tomlinson Chris , Mohamed Mohamed , Ashworth Mark , Mamas Mamas , Priedon Rouven , Petersen Steffen , Kontopantelis Evan , Horstmanshof Kim , Pagel Christina , Hocaoğlu Mevhibe , Khunti Kamlesh , Williams Richard , Thygesen Johan , Lorgelly Paula , Gomes Manuel , Heightman Melissa , Banerjee Amitava ,   on behalf of the CVD-COVID-UK/COVID-IMPACT Consortium
Published: November 2024

Objectives To investigate healthcare utilisation and cost in individuals with long COVID (LC) at population level. Design Case–control cohort analysis with multiple age-, sex-, ethnicity-, deprivation-, region- and comorbidity-matched control groups: (1) COVID only, no LC; (2) pre-pandemic; (3) contemporary non-COVID; and (4) pre-LC (self-controlled, pre-COVID pandemic). Setting National, population-based, linked UK electronic health records (British Heart Foundation/NHS England Secure Data Environment). Participants Adults aged ≥18 years with LC between January 2020 and January 2023. Main outcome measures Healthcare utilisation (number of consultations/visits per person: primary care (general practitioner [GP]), secondary care (outpatient [OP], inpatient [IP] and emergency department [ED], investigations and procedures) and inflation-adjusted cost (£) for LC and control populations per month, calendar year and pandemic year for each category. Results A total of 282,080 individuals with LC were included between January 2020 and January 2023. The control groups were COVID only, no LC ( n = 1,112,370), pre-pandemic ( n = 1,031,285), contemporary non-COVID ( n = 1,118,360) and pre-LC ( n = 282,080). Healthcare utilisation per person (per month/year) was higher in LC than controls across GP, OP and ED. For IP, LC had higher healthcare utilisation than pre-LC and contemporary non-COVID (all p < 0.0001). Healthcare utilisation of the LC group increased progressively between 2020 and 2023, compared with controls. Median cost per patient/year was also higher in individuals with LC than all control groups. Conclusions LC has been associated with substantial, persistent healthcare utilisation and cost over the last three years. Future funding, resources and staff for LC prevention, treatment and research must be prioritised to reduce sustained primary and secondary healthcare utilisation and costs.
Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) and sexting motivations among Italian young adults: Investigating the impact of age, gender, and sexual orientation
Authors: Morelli Mara , Rosati Fau , Chirumbolo Antonio , Baiocco Roberto , Nappa Maria Rosaria , Cattelino Elena 
Published: November 2024

Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) is characterized by an intense desire to continually stay connected with others and is strictly linked to motivational factors implicated in social interactions, particularly through online communication. FoMO represents a risk factor for problematic use of communication through social media platforms. Only a few studies have explored the relationship between FoMO and sexting. This study is the first to investigate the relationship between FoMO and three motivations for sexting (i.e., sexual purpose, body image reinforcement, and instrumental/aggravated reasons), while also examining the moderating effects of age, gender, and sexual orientation. The study involved 911 Italian heterosexual and LGB+ young adults aged 18–30 years ( M = 22.3; SD = 2.57; 74% women; 70.4% heterosexual). The findings reveal that FoMO predicts sexting across all its motivational components. No significant differences emerged between men and women in their levels of engagement in sexting for sexual purposes. However, women were more likely to engage in sexting for body image reinforcement compared to men. Conversely, men demonstrated a higher likelihood of sexting for instrumental/aggravated reasons than women. LGB+ people, compared to heterosexuals, demonstrated a higher propensity for engaging in sexting for sexual purposes, body image reinforcement, and instrumental/aggravated reasons. FoMO emerged as a strong predictor of sexting for body image reinforcement and instrumental/aggravated reasons, especially for LGB+ people. This study identifies FoMO as a predictor of sexting motivations, particularly among women and LGB+ individuals, who may seek validation or connection online. Preventive interventions are needed to foster autonomy, enhance body self-esteem, and promote mutual respect in online interactions, especially for people embodying marginalized identities.
Two Coptic Inscriptions on Mural Paintings at the Coptic Museum
Authors: Fathy Muhammady 
Published: November 2024

This article concerns the re-edition of two Coptic inscriptions inscribed on mural paintings from the monastery of Saint Jeremiah at Saqqara. They may be dated to the time span of two centuries, corresponding from the sixth to the eighth century CE. Both inscriptions have been kept in the magazine of the Coptic Museum of Cairo. The first one, number 10882 (Saqq. IV, 319), records a prayer to God imploring him to watch over hermits with a request for commemoration. The second one, number 8449 (Saqq. IV, 313), refers to a name-list of monks, brothers of the service or ministry. These texts inscribed on the murals are studied to provide further aspects on the organization of monastic communities in the area and region of Lower Egypt. Considered as samples of monastic epigraphy in the form of mural inscription, they connect the use of this monastic custom to the principles of monasticism. Thus, by exploring the evidence in terms of the language inscribed with the mural art as part of the architectural features present in the settlements, the history and artistic heritage – associated with the monks concerned or the people involved – become a multitask challenge for the field of Coptic Archaeology. [Formula: see text]
The Sociology of Tomb and Temple Robbers of the Late 20th Dynasty: Part II, The Bands of Thieves and the Ramesside Society
Authors: Antoine Jean-Christophe 
Published: November 2024

This article is the second part of a study devoted to the sociology of tomb robberies at the end of the 20th Dynasty and focuses on the organization of the thieves into bands. These structures were relatively stable. Leadership was inconstant and associated with unequal loot sharing and conflict. Households, including enslaved people, played an important role in band organization particularly among tomb robbers, while hierarchy and patronage with corruption and blackmailing characterized temple thefts. Another social pattern relying on equality, solidarity, and merit existed among tomb robbers of an equal social status and probably corresponds to what ancient Egyptians called wnḏw. How these patterns of sociability are representative of the society of the time is discussed. [Formula: see text]
E-cigarette Smoking and Colorectal Cancer Screening
Authors: Annor Eugene , Atarere Joseph , Glover Quarshie , Ubah Nneoma , Odo Chinenye , Bene-Alhasan Yakubu , Orhurhu Vwaire , Hasoon Jamal , Ufondu Wisdom Chinonyelu , Osman Moyasar , Thompson Christopher 
Published: November 2024

Purpose To evaluate how CRC screening practices differ between e-cigarette users and non-users. Design Cross-sectional study design. Setting National Cancer Institute’s Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS 5). Subjects Respondents aged 45 to 75 years. Measures Demographics, CRC screening, e-cigarette use, cancer history, presence of comorbidities, and access to a primary care provider. Analysis The demographic characteristics of the study participants were evaluated by their e-cigarette smoking status using chi-squared tests. The differences in CRC screening between e-cigarette users and non-users were evaluated using a multivariate logistic regression model. Results We identified a total of 6963 participants, of which 181 (2.6%) were e-cigarette users. The prevalence of e-cigarette use was inversely related to age. A significant portion were uninsured (10.7% vs 5.9% of non-users), and almost half (49.9%) were current tobacco smokers. E-cigarette users were as likely to undergo CRC screening compared to non-users [OR 1.40; 95% CI (0.74, 2.66)]. Increasing age, educational level, health insurance, comorbidity, access to a primary care provider, personal history of cancer, and presence of a comorbidity were associated with increased participation in CRC screening. However, e-cigarette use was not associated with increased screening. Conclusion Our study found no significant difference in CRC screening rates between e-cigarette users and non-users. While screening behaviors appear unaffected for now, ongoing surveillance is important as more users reach screening age given the uncertainties surrounding the long-term effects of e-cigarette use.
Lucidity in deeply forgetful people: A national U.S. survey of caregivers’ reactions
Authors: Post Stephen G , Ross John Paul , Bonhag Rebecca , Lu Wei-Hsin 
Published: November 2024

Background Despite the prevalence and challenge of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias, glimmers of hope arise during lucid moments. Caregivers, often burdened, play a crucial role. The study explored emotional responses to witnessed episodes of unexpected lucidity in deeply forgetful people, aiming to highlight the significance and varying reactions, especially among caregivers of this population. Objective The aim of this study was to elucidate how moments of unexpected lucidity are experienced by those who witness them, and to examine whether caregivers and non-caregivers, as well as different types of caregivers may have different emotional reactions to the episodes. Methods A probability-based sample representative of the United States adult population aged 40 and older with internet access was employed. 5944 respondents completed screening questions regarding whether they knew an individual with dementia and had witnessed unexpected lucidity. Close to 2000 individuals answered questions regarding their emotional reactions to witnessing unexpected lucidity, which we aimed to examine in more detail. Results Both caregivers and non-caregivers showed a tendency towards positive emotions in response to lucid episodes, yet negative emotions were also mentioned. We observed group differences (caregivers versus non-caregivers, different caregiver types) in the emotional responses for some of the examined emotions. Conclusions Caregivers can find inspiration in these fleeting moments. The research aims to guide caregivers and enhance the understanding of the enduring self-identity of deeply forgetful people, promoting compassionate care and recognizing the significance of our shared humanity.
Percutaneous Carotid Access in Endovascular Aortic Arch Repair: Initial Experience
Authors: Karelis Angelos , Mitta Nivedita , Berczeli Márton , Sonesson Björn , Dias Nuno V. 
Published: November 2024

Purpose: Direct percutaneous access to the carotid artery (diPerCa) during endovascular aortic arch repair (EVAAR) can potentially present a minimally invasive access with lesser local adverse events. Techniques: A retrospective review of consecutive EVAAR between January 2018 and January 2024, in a tertiary referral center, was performed to identify cases, in which diPerCa was used. Patients who were planned for EVAAR with no previous carotid intervention were included. A standardized technique was employed where an ultrasound-guided retrograde puncture of the carotid artery was performed with a micro-puncture set and a suture-mediated closure device (pre-closure technique). Of the 13 included patients, technical success was achieved in 12 (92.3%), with one intraoperative death unrelated to diPerCa. Major complications included one case of carotid pseudoaneurysm and one case of non–flow-limiting carotid dissection. Minor complications were unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy in one case and new-onset dizziness in one case. All carotid arteries remained patent without stenosis, with one case of non-progressing dissection noted at the conclusion of the mean follow-up of 22.5±2.4 months. Conclusion: Direct percutaneous carotid access with suture-mediated closure devices during EVAAR is feasible with acceptable results and low incidence of clinically relevant neurological and local complications. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and evaluate long-term outcomes. Clinical Impact Direct percutaneous carotid access (diPerCa) during endovascular aortic arch repair (EVAAR) offers a minimally invasive alternative to retrograde access via open surgical exposure. This technique, supported by suture-based closure devices, demonstrates no stroke and low rates of local complications. Overall outcomes are promising, suggesting diPerCa as a feasible option for select patients. Further research is warranted to validate these findings and assess long-term outcomes.