bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chapitre 6. Nanomédecine et médecine personnalisée : appréhender le sens et les défis de la personnalisation du soin à l’heure des technologies moléculaires
Authors: Noury Mathieu 
Published: June 2019

La nanomédecine – l’application des nanotechnologies à la médecine – est considérée comme une révolution médicale qui promet de radicalement transformer les soins de santé. L’une de ses grandes promesses est d’être une « médecine personnalisée », c’est-à-dire plus individualisée, qui, à partir d’un diagnostic et d’un traitement « sur mesure », offre la promesse d’une médecine prenant en compte la « spécificité » de chaque patient. Les technologies nanomédicales sont en effet vues comme l’élément clé permettant la réalisation pratique du concept de « médecine personnalisée ». Mais qu’entend-t-on précisément par ce concept ? Quelle conception du soin sous-tend le concept de médecine personnalisée à l’heure des technologies moléculaires ? Basée sur une série d’entrevues avec des chercheurs canadiens en nanomédecine, cet article propose d’éclairer la spécificité et les implications du concept de médecine personnalisée, tel qu’il est appliqué dans la recherche nanomédicale. Il propose d’examiner la réponse de la nanomédecine au défi de la personnalisation du soin au regard de l’analyse de la représentation que ces chercheurs se font du concept de médecine personnalisée. Deux grands thèmes interdépendants émergent de l’analyse proposée : (1) une représentation moléculaire de l’individualité du patient et (2) une représentation technique de la personnalisation du soin. Ces deux thèmes révèlent la manière dont le concept de médecine personnalisée est assimilé dans la recherche nanomédicale et, plus largement, dans la recherche biomédicale actuelle. Ils permettent d’éclairer les enjeux du développement d’une conception « techno-moléculaire » de la personnalisation du soin et interrogent la capacité d’une telle conception à réellement inclure la personne au centre du soin.
Les cochons dans la boue : une double théorie présocratique
Authors: Saudelli Lucia 
Published: June 2019

Le but de cette étude est de démontrer que Columelle, un agronome romain, nous restitue un texte d’Héraclite inconnu par ailleurs. Ce témoignage nous conduit à réfuter les interprétations moraliste et relativiste du « pur » et de l’« impur » et à proposer une nouvelle interprétation, physiologique , de la conception héraclitéenne du « propre » et du « sale ». Columelle permet ainsi de mieux connaître la théorie d’Héraclite et de la distinguer de celle de Démocrite : en identifiant et en opposant les cochons et les poules, d’une part, la boue et la poussière, d’autre part, Héraclite nous a fourni une double illustration, à la fois physique et logique , de l’unité des contraires.
Des parcours de conversion aux pratiques pédagogiques « nouvelles » : entre labellisation de pratiques professionnelles et convictions pédagogiques
Authors: Giraud Frédérique 
Published: June 2019

Cette contribution vise à rendre compte d’une enquête en cours sur les parcours d’enseignants vers les méthodes de pédagogies présentées comme « nouvelles » ou « alternatives ». Qu’ils soient déjà enseignants ou qu’ils se convertissent à l’enseignement par ce biais, quels sont les motifs de l’entrée en pédagogie alternative ? Nous cherchons à rendre compte des représentations portées par les individus de ces pédagogies, des manières différenciées de s’y former et de se les approprier puis de les mettre en pratique.
La pédagogie différente auprès des parents d’élèves : malentendus et mobilisations conflictuelles vus par des fondateurs d’écoles
Authors: Legavre Amélia , Haag Pascale 
Published: June 2019

Le choix réciproque s’opérant entre une famille et une école privée ne constitue pas l’assurance d’un automatique « partenariat éducatif » entre les deux parties. Cette relation particulière véhicule ses propres risques de dysfonctionnement. A partir d’entretiens réalisés avec une quinzaine de fondateurs d’écoles, nous analysons ce point particulier de leur expérience, celui des relations entretenues avec les parents des élèves.
Medical education in Libya: Challenges, hopes, and recommendations
Authors: Al-Areibi Arif 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this review is to examine the current Libyan medical education system, look at its positive and negative aspects, and to provide suggestions and recommendations that could help improve the quality of the system today. The current Libyan medical education system has aged, and unfortunately, cannot meet both societal needs and the new requirements from the World Federation of Medical Education (WFME). The WFME issued a strong statement to all international medical schools to meet its new accreditation standards by 2023 in order for them to be recognized internationally. Lacking almost 70% of the international standards, Libyan medical schools will require considerable amount of time and resources to solve the issue. The process of changing and updating the system will involve all parts of the learning environment, including students, teachers, curriculums, resources, research, and governing bodies.
Patients' satisfaction, expectation, care, and maintenance of fixed prosthesis
Authors: Kashbur Nada , Bugaighis Iman 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAims: The aims of the present study were to evaluate the level of Libyan patients' expectations of and satisfaction with fixed prostheses (crowns, veneers, fixed partial denture, and dental implants). A further aim was to explore the level of patient's awareness and application of oral hygiene care pertaining to the fixed prosthesis. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey. Self-reported questionnaires were administered to 320 patients wearing fixed prosthesis. The questions explored patient's subjective perception of and satisfaction with treatment outcome concerning esthetics, phonation, and masticatory function. In addition to questions related to their applied oral hygiene measures. Descriptive statistics and Spearman rank correlation coefficient tests were undertaken between the examined variables. P value was set at P < 0.05. Results: The majority (80.9%) of the patients were satisfied with their prosthesis; 78.4% were fulfilled with their chewing function; 85.3% were pleased with the esthetics; and 39.4% were satisfied by their speech. The fixed prosthesis met the expectations or partial expectations of 82.8% of the participants. Only 9.3% of the sample did not follow proper oral health care. There were moderate but significant correlation between the level of patients' expectations with and satisfaction from their prostheses (r = 0.387, P < 0.0001). Furthermore, the weak correlation between patient satisfaction and their application of oral hygiene measures was significant (r = 0.130, P = 0.020). Conclusions: Several factors (masticatory function, esthetic, and patient expectations) were correlated with the overall patients' satisfaction with their prosthesis. Dentist should continue to emphasize on the significance of maintaining good oral hygiene practice to improve patient satisfaction with their prostheses.
Representações do trabalho na creche por Professores e Agentes de Educação Infantil: Um campo de tensões
Authors: Lima Raquel Garcia Braga de , Lima Rita de Cássia Pereira 
Published: June 2019

Objetivo do estudo é investigar representações de agentes e de professores/as de Educação Infantil do Rio de Janeiro sobre o trabalho que realizam, buscando aproximações entre a Teoria das Representações Sociais e a abordagem (auto)biográfica. A pesquisa foi realizada com duas agentes e duas professoras. Para coleta de dados optou-se pela entrevista/conversa com ênfase na indução de metáforas, que se constituiu em relevante instrumento para a formação de um esquema representacional sobre o trabalho na creche. As entrevistas/conversas foram analisadas com apoio da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados mostraram que, entre as agentes, há reivindicação de que exercem o mesmo trabalho que professoras. As professoras reforçam a intencionalidade pedagógica do trabalho, mencionando o desenvolvimento infantil, o que não caracteriza o trabalho das agentes, provocando tensões entre os grupos. As entrevistas revelaram que as experiências de vida dos sujeitos são fundamentais para a compreensão das representações que elaboram sobre seu trabalho.
Measurements in First-Trimester Abortion Products: A Pathologic Study
Authors: Nogueira Rosete , Sousa Sara , Braga Ana Cristina , Azevedo Ana , Pereira Nuno , Carmo Olímpia , Tavares Maria Purificação , Pinto Jorge Correia 
Published: June 2019

Context.—Related to the advances in prenatal diagnosis and the emergence of medically challenging situations, there has been an increased interest in conducting a pathologic study of first-trimester abortion products.Objective.—To evaluate measurements across a large group of first-trimester spontaneous abortion specimens. Potential goals include a validation of prenatal embryo and gestational-sac measurements as a function of gestational age (GA).Design.—A retrospective case study of first-trimester spontaneous abortions between June 2015 and April 2017 in Centro de Genética Clínica Embryo-Fetal Pathology Laboratory, Porto, Portugal. Considering the inclusion criteria, 585 complete gestational sacs, 182 embryos, and 116 umbilical cords were selected. We recorded the weight of the gestational sacs and embryos and measurements of gestational sacs, umbilical cords, and embryo crown-rump length. Models were computed using regression techniques.Results.—Gestational-sac diameter percentiles 5, 25, 50, 75 and 95 were calculated according to GA, and at each 1-week interval the diameter increased an average of 3 mm. Umbilical cord length percentiles 5, 25, 50, 75 and 95 were calculated according to GA, and at each 1-week interval, the length increased an average of 1.35 mm. Embryo crown-rump length estimated mean ± SD values were GA 6 weeks, 5.3 ± 2.3 mm; GA 7 weeks, 9.4 ± 4.8 mm; GA 8 weeks, 13.7 ± 8.2 mm; GA 9 weeks, 20.8 ± 9.1 mm; GA 10 weeks, 22.6 ± 13.4 mm; GA 11 weeks, 29.4 ± 12.9 mm; and GA 12 weeks, 52 mm.Conclusions.—Pathologic measurements obtained should be compared to expected measurements and correlated with ultrasound findings, clinical information, and microscopic findings. Deviations from expected values could lead to an understanding of early pregnancy loss.
Triggering Factors for Breakthrough Seizures among Epileptic Patients. Cross Sectional Study in Epileptic Patients Attending Epilepsy Clinic Mansoura University Hospital, Egypt
Authors: Gomaa Mohammed , Esmael Ahmed , Saad Mohammed 
Published: June 2019

Background: The prevalence of breakthrough seizures in persons with epilepsy is very high in developing countries. Consequently, patients and physicians should be aware of the possible factors that may cause breakthrough seizures.
Objective: The aim of our study is to determine the possible factors that may be a precipitating cause for breakthrough seizures in patients with epilepsy.
Methods: This cross-sectional study included 100 persons with epilepsy with idiopathic epilepsy receiving antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). They were divided into two groups. Group 1 included 50 persons with epilepsy with a history of recent breakthrough seizures. Group 2 included 50 persons with epilepsy who had not experienced any recent breakthrough seizures. Patients were subjected to a thorough questionnaire addressing precipitating factors. All participants were subjected to an electroencephalogram (EEG) and the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS).
Results: There was no significant differences between group 1 and group 2 regarding age, sex, age of onset of epilepsy, occupation and marital status (P value range 0.5 – 0.2). The patients in group 1 were found to have longer durations of epilepsy, lower adherence to AEDs (P = 0.001), more missed doses of AEDs (P = 0.0001), more side effects of AEDs (P = 0.0005), more sleep deprivation, lower level of AEDs (P = 0.0006), more frequently on AED polytherapy (P = 0.0002), and more flickering lights (P = 0.04) than the participants in group 2. In terms of the EEG, group 1 showed a higher percentage of abnormal EEGs and more frequent focal epileptiform discharges (P = 0.003). Also, pathological findings in MRI brain were associated with higher breakthrough seizures (P = 0.005). No significant difference was found in both group1 and group 2 regarding emotional stress (P = 0.55), substitution of brand AEDs by generic one (P = 0.83), concurrent illness (P = 1), or the use of non AEDs (P = 0.79).
Conclusion: The precipitating factors of breakthrough seizures are multifactorial and it is very important to educate patients about these precipitating factors to achieve better control of epilepsy.
Enhancement of Doxorubicin Cytotoxicity by Verapamil in Human Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Al-harthy Sameer E. , Al-Motairi Mashael S. , Al-Kreathy Huda M. , Kamel Fatemah O. , Sayed-Ahmed Mohamed M. , Huwait Etimad Abbas , Al-Malkey Hamdan S. , Osman Abdel-Moneim M. 
Published: June 2019

Background: Worldwide, breast cancer is a main cause of morbidity and mortality in females. Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline anticancer drug and most commonly employed in polychemotherapy protocols in the treatment of solid and hematological tumors. Unfortunately, its optimal clinical benefit is limited secondary to the rapid development of DOX resistance and therapeutic failure.
Aim: Therefore, the current study has been initiated to investigate the possible mechanisms whereby the calcium channel blocker Verapamil (VER) could decrease DOX resistance and enhance the cytotoxic activity of DOX against the growth of human breast cancer cells.
Methodology: To achieve the ultimate goal of this study, we have examined DOX-induced cytotoxicity, apoptosis, alteration in the function of multidrug resistance proteins and cell cycle phase distribution against MCF-7 cell line in presence and absence of Verapamil.
Results: Addition of VER enhanced the cytotoxic effect of DOX against the growth of MCF-7 cells which manifested as a significant decrease in the IC50 from 36 µg/ml for DOX alone to 13 µg/ml for DOX plus VER. Moreover, combined treatment with VER and DOX significantly increased percentage of early apoptosis and cells arrested in G0/G1 phase when compared to DOX alone. In addition, VER significantly increased DOX cellular uptake through inhibition of the function of multidrug resistant proteins.
Conclusion: VER treatment enhanced the cytotoxic activity of DOX against the growth of MCF-7 cells secondary to increase its cellular accumulation. The observed increase in DOX uptake by VER was parallel to increased accumulation of Rho-123 dye which my point to the contribution of inhibition of multidrug resistant proteins by VER in the enhancement of DOX cytotoxicity.
KCNC1‐related disorders: new de novo variants expand the phenotypic spectrum
Authors: Park Joohyun , Koko Mahmoud , Hedrich Ulrike B. S. , Hermann Andreas , Cremer Kirsten , Haberlandt Edda , Grimmel Mona , Alhaddad Bader , Beck‐Woedl Stefanie , Harrer Merle , Karall Daniela , Kingelhoefer Lisa , Tzschach Andreas , Matthies Lars C. , Strom Tim M. , Ringelstein Erich Bernd , Sturm Marc , Engels Hartmut , Wolff Markus , Lerche Holger , Haack Tobias B. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA recurrent de novo missense variant in KCNC1, encoding a voltage‐gated potassium channel expressed in inhibitory neurons, causes progressive myoclonus epilepsy and ataxia, and a nonsense variant is associated with intellectual disability. We identified three new de novo missense variants in KCNC1 in five unrelated individuals causing different phenotypes featuring either isolated nonprogressive myoclonus (p.Cys208Tyr), intellectual disability (p.Thr399Met), or epilepsy with myoclonic, absence and generalized tonic‐clonic seizures, ataxia, and developmental delay (p.Ala421Val, three patients). Functional analyses demonstrated no measurable currents for all identified variants and dominant‐negative effects for p.Thr399Met and p.Ala421Val predicting neuronal disinhibition as the underlying disease mechanism.
The generality of belief in unsubstantiated claims
Authors: Bensley D. Alan , Lilienfeld Scott O. , Rowan Krystal A. , Masciocchi Christopher M. , Grain Florent 
Published: June 2019

SummaryWe tested the hypothesis that people show generality in their endorsement of unsubstantiated claims, employing more types of measures than used in previous studies. We found that measures of generic conspiracist ideation, specific fictitious conspiracy theory, and false conspiracy theory beliefs were all strongly and positively intercorrelated. A multiple regression analysis revealed that the measures of specific false and fictitious conspiracy theories both significantly predicted generic conspiracist ideation. A second broader test of the generality hypothesis showed that these measures of false and fictitious conspiracy belief were positively intercorrelated with measures of psychological misconceptions, pseudoscience, poorly supported psychological practices, and paranormal beliefs. However, the measures of misconceptions and pseudoscience displayed substantially lower correlations. The results provide support for the generality of acceptance of a wider variety of unsubstantiated claims than used in previous studies and also suggest differences in the types endorsed based on the kind of knowledge and content measured.
Online and stable parameter estimation based on normalized brain emotional learning model (NBELM)
Authors: Naderi Akhormeh Alireza , Roshanian Jafar , MoradiMaryamnegari Hoomaan , Khoshnood Abdol Majid 
Published: June 2019

SummaryRecently, a computational model of Amygdala based on the brain emotional learning is presented by psychologists. This brain emotional learning model (BELM) that has a neuro‐inspired architecture is utilized to train the weights which are in Amygdala and Orbitofrontal. In this paper, unknown parameters of dynamic systems are estimated by developing the normalized BELM (NBELM). To this end, after proving the stability of the model output, the sufficient condition for weights convergence is extracted while the sensitivity analysis is applied for this model. In order to evaluate the performance of NBELM, in the first example, the matrices of a twin rotor MIMO system are estimated and compared with the equation error method (EEM). In the second example, the nonlinear model of a servomotor is utilized as a case study. In the third example, the performance of the NBELM in experimental systems is validated using a reaction wheel with a DC motor. An important feature of the brain emotional system is its fast response, leading the NBELM to have a high speed performance in estimating the parameters of dynamic systems. A few number of adjustable parameters and low computing complexity also cause the NBELM to be an appropriate method for online estimation of the unknown parameters of dynamic systems.
Defect‐Rich Nitrogen Doped Co3O4/C Porous Nanocubes Enable High‐Efficiency Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysis
Authors: Wang Zhichao , Xu Wenjia , Chen Xiaokang , Peng Yanhua , Song Yanyan , Lv Chunxiao , Liu Hongli , Sun Junwei , Yuan Ding , Li Xiyan , Guo Xiangxin , Yang Dongjiang , Zhang Lixue 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHeteroatom doping plays a significant role in optimizing the catalytic performance of electrocatalysts. However, research on heteroatom doped electrocatalysts with abundant defects and well‐defined morphology remain a great challenge. Herein, a class of defect‐engineered nitrogen‐doped Co3O4 nanoparticles/nitrogen‐doped carbon framework (N‐Co3O4@NC) strongly coupled porous nanocubes, made using a zeolitic imidazolate framework‐67 via a controllable N‐doping strategy, is demonstrated for achieving remarkable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysis. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray absorption fine structure, and electron spin resonance results clearly reveal the formation of a considerable amount of nitrogen dopants and oxygen vacancies in N‐Co3O4@NC. The defect engineering of N‐Co3O4@NC makes it exhibit an overpotential of only 266 mV to reach 10 mA cm−2, a low Tafel slope of 54.9 mV dec−1 and superior catalytic stability for OER, which is comparable to that of commercial RuO2. Density functional theory calculations indicate N‐doping could promote catalytic activity via improving electronic conductivity, accelerating reaction kinetics, and optimizing the adsorption energy for intermediates of OER. Interestingly, N‐Co3O4@NC also shows a superior oxygen reduction reaction activity, making it a bifunctional electrocatalyst for zinc–air batteries. The zinc–air battery with the N‐Co3O4@NC cathode demonstrates superior efficiency and durability, showing the feasibility of N‐Co3O4/NC in electrochemical energy devices.
Macromolecular Coatings Enhance the Tribological Performance of Polymer‐Based Lubricants
Authors: Winkeljann Benjamin , Leipold Philippe‐Maximilian A. , Lieleg Oliver 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn many biomedical settings, hard surfaces cause friction and wear at interfaces. Surface coatings have been introduced to reduce tribological stress—especially at slow sliding velocities where boundary friction dominates. Here, the ability of coatings generated from differently charged macromolecules, i.e., poly(ethylene glycol) (uncharged), mucin (polyanionic), and poly‐l‐lysine (polycationic), to synergistically interact with polymer‐based lubricants is studied as they are also present in almost every body fluid. It is demonstrated that, in combination with solutions containing either poly(ethylene glycol) or hyaluronic acid, these surface‐bound macromolecules significantly reduce boundary friction and, in addition, protect the surfaces from wear formation. This is attributed to entanglement effects between surface‐bound and solubilized macromolecules, which are most efficient in the absence of repulsive electrostatic forces. The synergetic effects described here could help optimizing medical devices such as catheters, endotracheal tubes, stents, or contact lenses to reduce patient discomfort and prevent inflammatory reactions arising from tribological stress.
Construction of Optically Active 2H‐ and 3H‐Pyrroles by Cyclization and Chirality Maintaining 1,5‐Ester Shift Reactions
Authors: Li Dan , Wang Linqing , Yang Yuling , Zhang Minmin , Peng Tianyu , Yang Dongxu , Wang Rui 
Published: June 2019

AbstractConstruction of enantioenriched 2H‐ and 3H‐pyrroles are achieved in current work by using readily available α‐isocyanoacetates and alkynyl ketones as precursors. To realize the asymmetric synthesis of 2H‐pyrroles, a proper in situ generated magnesium catalytic method was developed. On the other hand, the discovery of an aluminium mediated chirality maintaining 1,5‐ester shift reaction promoted the successful synthesis of enantioenriched 3H‐pyrroles.magnified image