bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between malaria vector survival, infectivity, and insecticide-treated net use in western Kenya
Authors: Abel Lucy , Kimachas Emma , Omollo Evans , Nalianya Erick , Chepkwony Tabitha , Kipkoech Joseph , Amunga Mark , Wekesa Aggrey , Namae Jane , Kahindi Samuel , Mangeni Judith , Lapp Zena , Markwalter Christine F. , Taylor Steve M. , Obala Andrew , Prudhomme O’Meara Wendy 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Significant effort and resources have been invested to control malaria transmission in sub-Saharan Africa, but it remains a major public health problem. For the parasite to be transmitted, the female Anopheles vector must survive 10–14 days following an infective bite to allow Plasmodium gametocytes to develop into infectious sporozoites. The goal of this study was to assess factors associated with wild-caught Anopheles survival and infection following host-seeking and indoor resting.

Methods
The study was conducted between January 2020 to March 2022 in a longitudinal cohort of 75 households in 5 villages including a total of 755 household members in Bungoma County, Kenya. Monthly adult mosquito collection was conducted by attenuated aspiration in all enrolled households, and mosquitoes were reared for 7 days. The daily mortality rate was determined through day 7. All mosquitoes were morphologically identified. Female Anopheles were dissected, and species-level members of the Anopheles gambiae complex were resolved by molecular methods. The abdomens of all samples were processed for Plasmodium falciparum oocyst detection by PCR.

Results
Within a 25-month period, the total numbers of non-Anopheles and Anopheles mosquitoes collected indoors were 12,843 and 712, respectively. Anopheles gambiae and An. funestus were the major vectors, though their distributions varied between different villages; 61.2% (n = 436/712) of the Anopheles mosquitoes survived up to day 7, with the lowest mortality rate recorded on day 5 of captivity. The survival rate also varied between the different Anopheles species. Six hundred eighty-three of 712 mosquito abdomens were tested for P. falciparum; 7.8% (53/683) tested positive for P. falciparum, with An. funestus having a higher (10%) prevalence than An. gambiae s.s. (6.0%, p = 0.095, Pearson Chi-square test). The proportion of household members sleeping under a bednet the night before mosquito collection varied across time and village. Anopheles funestus survival times were refractory to household ITN usage, and An. gambaie s.s. survival was reduced only under very high (100%) ITN usage.

Conclusions
Despite ITN usage, mosquitoes still acquired blood meals and P. falciparum infections. Survival differed across species and was inversely correlated with high ITN usage in the household but not oocyst development.

Graphical Abstract
Efficacy and safety of upadacitinib in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis refractory to biologic therapy: 2-year clinical and radiographic results from the open-label extension of the SELECT-AXIS 2 study
Authors: Baraliakos Xenofon , van der Heijde Désirée , Sieper Joachim , Inman Robert Davies , Kameda Hideto , Maksymowych Walter Peter , Lagunes-Galindo Ivan , Bu Xianwei , Wung Peter , Kato Koji , Shmagel Anna , Deodhar Atul 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
The efficacy and safety of upadacitinib in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and inadequate response/intolerance to biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARD-IR) were evaluated through 1 year in the SELECT-AXIS 2 study. Here, we assess 2-year efficacy, safety, and imaging outcomes in SELECT-AXIS 2.

Methods
Patients who received continuous upadacitinib, and those who switched from placebo to upadacitinib at week 14, could enter the open-label extension (OLE). Efficacy endpoints included Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) and Axial Spondyloarthritis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) responses, and changes from baseline in measures of disease activity, back pain, function, and quality of life. Radiographic progression was evaluated using the modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spinal Score (mSASSS). As observed (AO) and AO with non-responder imputation (AO-NRI) analyses were used for binary endpoints; AO with mixed-effects model for repeated measures (AO-MMRM) for continuous endpoints; and AO-analysis of covariance for mSASSS. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) in patients receiving ≥ 1 upadacitinib dose through week 104 are presented as events (E)/100 patient-years (PY). Subgroup analyses were performed by prior tumor necrosis factor/interleukin-17 inhibitor exposure and bDMARD lack of efficacy/intolerance.

Results
Of 420 patients who entered the bDMARD-IR AS study, 409 entered the OLE, and 331 (continuous upadacitinib, n = 163; placebo to upadacitinib, n = 168) completed week 104. Improvements in efficacy measures were sustained through the OLE, with similar response rates between the continuous upadacitinib and placebo to upadacitinib groups at week 104. At week 104, 64.9% and 61.7% of patients, respectively, had achieved ASAS 40% response (AO-NRI). Mean changes from baseline were similar between the two groups at week 104 across measures (ASDAS: -2.1 and -2.0; total back pain: -4.9 and -4.6, respectively; AO-MMRM). Over 93.0% of patients showed no radiographic progression (mSASSS mean change from baseline < 2) at week 104. The overall TEAE rate was 165.2 E/100 PY, with low rates of major adverse cardiovascular and venous thromboembolic events (0.3 E/100 PY each).

Conclusions
Upadacitinib efficacy, including very low rates of radiographic progression, was demonstrated through 104 weeks in treatment-refractory patients with active AS. Treatment was well tolerated, with no newly identified safety signals.

Trial registration
NCT04169373.
Microsurgery and nerve regeneration: a technical note on intercostal nerves of the swine model
Authors: Giannakopoulos Theodorou Nikolaos , Botaitis Sotirios , Birbilis Theodosios 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this article is to present a novel large animal model for studying peripheral nerve regeneration. Large animals present a distinct superiority in mimicking clinical scenarios found in humans.

Methods
Swine’s intercostal nerves offer easy surgical access and an adequate number of peripheral nerves for conducting more than one experiment in a single animal. In addition, most of the nerve regeneration assessment methods can be applied in swine’s intercostal nerves.

Results
We describe the exact technique for using this animal model’s intercostal nerves, strong and weak points, different assessment tools and relevant complications. Review of the current literature is verifying the up-to-date lack of studies oriented toward the involvement of this array of peripheral nerves in nerve regeneration research.

Conclusion
We believe that the swine’s intercostal nerves model has all the qualities needed to be established in peripheral nerve research projects.
Response of various cultivars of Egyptian wheat (
Triticum aestivum
L.) to infection by
Stemphylium vesicarium
Authors: Ghebrial Eman W. , Farag Farag M. , Abou Zeid Mohamed A. , Atwa Nourhan A. , Eissa Sherif T. , Atwa Atwa A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

A new fungal disease affecting wheat in Egypt, known as Stemphylium leaf spot, caused by
Stemphylium vesicarium
Wallr (Simmons) is reported. From all symptomatic wheat leaves,
S. vesicarium
was the most frequently isolated fungus (71.9%). The isolated pathogen was identified based on morphological characteristics together with molecular diagnosis. The
Stemphylium
isolate AUMC 15115 in this study was clustered at the same branch as
Stemphylium mali
CBS 122640, ex-type material (Synonym =
Stemphylium vesicarium
). At the Smart Agriculture Clinic Project, Sids Agricultural Research Station, Agricultural Research Centre, Beni Suef governorate, 12 cultivars of wheat were assessed in pot experiments for their resistance to Stemphylium leaf spot during the 2020 and 2021 growing seasons. Overall, distinct variations were observed in all examined cultivars in response to
S. vesicarium
infection. The Sakha 95 cultivar exhibited a minimal infection rate (disease incidence was 6.7, 3.3% and disease severity being, 0.7, 0.5%, respectively in the two growing seasons) and was classified as resistant. In contrast, Beni Suef 5 had the highest percent of infection (63.3, 66.7%), disease severity (38.5, 40.3%) and was classified as susceptible. In resistant cultivars, there was an increase in total phenol content, polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Conversely, there was a reduction in electrolyte leakage percentage and hydrogen peroxide (H
2
O
2
) accumulation. However, the number of protein bands in resistant wheat cultivars exhibited a more significant increase than susceptible ones, particularly in the Sakha 95, which displayed the highest number of proteins.
Can we quickly retrieve Seismic Source Spectrum characteristics after a large magnitude earthquake? Implementation of a methodology based on Coda waves
Authors: Grendas Ioannis , Theodoulidis Nikos , Hollender Fabrice , Hatzidimitriou Panagiotis 
Published: November 2024

After a large magnitude earthquake event, the direct estimation of its Seismic Source Spectrum (SSS) is important to estimate the energy content of the seismic source in broad-band frequency range. This direct knowledge of the SSS, except for the fact that can directly provide information about the Moment Magnitude of the earthquake, constitutes also, in frequency domain, that information, which is required to the Fourier Amplitude Spectra (FAS) simulation of the real-input seismic motion, in several target sites close to the source for which no earthquake recordings exist. In this study, the computation of the SSS of an earthquake is based on a single-station analysis algorithm by applying the spectral factorization method on the coda wave part of a seismic record. An application of this algorithm is implemented here for the Mw = 6.1 Cephalonia Island earthquake of 26/01/2014. The corresponding SSS, computed for several stations away from the source, are compared with the average SSS retrieved by standard applied method. The comparison results strongly encourage application and development of this SSS computation approach.
Dietary patterns as predictors of adverse antidiabetics reactions - A cross-sectional study of polish diabetes sufferers
Authors: Skoczylas Kornelia , Babiarczyk Beata , Michalik Anna 
Published: November 2024

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a multifaceted problem. There is a need to coordinate the diet with pharmacological interventions, because of the possible interaction between the two. The present study aimed to identify the factors related to the dietary habits of people suffering with diabetes that may increase the risk of adverse reactions to anti-diabetic medication.
Methods: Between 2019 and 2020, patients with DM (N=203), aged 18-65, were enrolled for analysis. A quantitative and cross-sectional survey was applied. The study employed a Dietary Habits and Nutrition Beliefs Questionnaire devised in Poland for people aged 15–65 years (KomPAN) and a self-designed questionnaire as research tools.
Results: The majority of the patients with DM studied confirmed the use of a low carbohydrate diet in relation to their disease (87.7%). The mean pHDI-10 score for the study group was 22.55±8.67 points and the mean nHDI-14 score was 15.00±9.88 points. The place of residence, education and general financial situation of the subjects had a statistically significant effect on the results (p<0.05). The majority of subjects reported regular use of anti-diabetic medication (77.8%). Of those treated with oral medication, 61.1% had experienced adverse effects and 49.3% had been hospitalized as a result. Of those treated with insulin, 40.9% reported adverse effects.
Conclusions: Health professionals should be proactive in giving people with DM, particularly those who are less educated, financially disadvantaged, aged 41-55 and are working, adequate counseling about dietary recommendations from the very onset of their illness.
Urgent focus on enhanced recovery after surgery of AIDS patients with limb fractures
Authors: Li Kangpeng , Zhang Qiang 
Published: November 2024

AimsThe incidence of limb fractures in patients living with HIV (PLWH) is increasing. However, due to their immunodeficiency status, the operation and rehabilitation of these patients present unique challenges. Currently, it is urgent to establish a standardized perioperative rehabilitation plan based on the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS). This study aimed to validate the effectiveness of ERAS in the perioperative period of PLWH with limb fractures.MethodsA total of 120 PLWH with limb fractures, between January 2015 and December 2023, were included in this study. We established a multidisciplinary team to design and implement a standardized ERAS protocol. The demographic, surgical, clinical, and follow-up information of the patients were collected and analyzed retrospectively.ResultsCompared with the control group, the ERAS group had a shorter operating time, hospital stay, preoperative waiting time, postoperative discharge time, less intraoperative blood loss, and higher albumin and haemoglobin on the first postoperative day. The time to removal of the urinary catheter/drainage tube was shortened, and the drainage volume was also significantly reduced in the ERAS group. There was no significant difference in the visual analogue scale (VAS) scores on postoperative return to the ward, but the ERAS group had lower scores on the first, second, and third postoperative days. There were no significant differences in the incidence of complications, other than 10% more nausea and vomiting in the control group. The limb function scores at one-year follow-up were similar between the two groups, but time to radiological fracture union and time to return to physical work and sports were significantly reduced in the ERAS group.ConclusionThe implementation of a series of perioperative nursing measures based on the concept of ERAS in PLWH with limb fracture can significantly reduce the operating time and intraoperative blood loss, reduce the occurrence of postoperative pain and complications, and accelerate the improvement of the functional status of the affected limb in the early stage, which is worthy of applying in more medical institutions.Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2024;13(11):647–658.
Osteohondritis disekans lakta
Authors: Bojanić Ivan , Levaj Ivan , Dimnjaković Damjan , Smoljanović Tomislav 
Published: November 2024

Osteohondritis disekans (OCD) lakta je žarišno oštećenje zglobne hrskavice i pripadajuće subhondralne kosti. U laktu je OCD najčešće lokaliziran na kapitulumu humerusa. OCD lakta se uobičajeno javlja kod športaša u adolescenciji, posebice kod onih koji sebave „bacačkim“ športovima, te kod gimnastičara. Nastanak OCD-a lakta posljedica je kombinacije ponavljajućih mikrotrauma,biomehaničke neusklađenosti i oskudne vaskularizacije distalnog dijela nadlaktične kosti. OCD lakta se najčešće otkriva na magnetskoj rezonanciji i računalnoj tomografi ji, iako se oštećenje može uočiti i na standardno načinjenim radiološkim snimkama. Od najveće je važnosti razlikovati stabilni od nestabilnog OCD-a lakta kako bi se odredio najbolji način liječenja. Stabilni OCD laktamože se započeti liječiti neoperacijski, i to poštedom i modifi kacijom aktivnosti. Kirurško je liječenje potrebno kad je riječ o nestabilnom OCD-u lakta, nakon neuspješnog neoperacijskog liječenja te ako je prisutno slobodno zglobno tijelo u zglobu koje čini mehaničke simptome. Osnovne metode kirurškog liječenja OCD-a lakta su stimulacija koštane srži, fi ksacija koštano-hrskavičnog fragmenta te prijenos autolognog koštano-hrskavičnog presatka. Cilj ovog rada je prikazati dosadašnje spoznaje o etiologiji, kliničkoj slici, dijagnostici, mogućnostima liječenja te ishodu liječenja OCD-a lakta.
Utjecaj prehrambenih navika i tjelesne aktivnosti na stanje uhranjenosti učenika u osnovnoj i srednjoj školi
Authors: Dragaš-Zubalj Nataša , Pavičić-Žeželj Sandra , Materljan Eris , Stamenković Sanja , Sokolić Bruna , Zubalj Vedran 
Published: November 2024

Uvod: Debljina je globalni javnozdravstveni problem. Podatci SZO-a (2008.) govore o čak 1,4 milijardi odraslih ljudi koji imaju prekomjernu tjelesnu masu, a oko 500 milijuna njih je pretilo. Nažalost, podatci SZO-a (2010.) govore i o 170 milijuna mladih koji imajuprekomjernu tjelesnu masu te više od 42 milijuna djece mlađe od 5 godina koja su pretila.Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio utvrditi utjecaj prehrambenih navika i tjelesne aktivnosti na stanje uhranjenosti ispitanih učenika.Ispitanici i metode: U istraživanju su primijenjena antropometrijska mjerenja tjelesne mase i visine. Stanje uhranjenosti je procijenjeno temeljem položaja u centilnoj distribuciji tjelesne mase za tjelesnu visinu prema dobi i spolu (1.r.OŠ-a, 6.r.OŠ-a, 2.r.SŠ-a).Za ispitavanje prehrambenih navika služili smo se upitnikom s pitanjima o broju i vrsti obroka, njihove učestalosti i okruženja u kojem se uzimaju te o sadržaju. Istodobno su dobiveni i podatci o konzumaciji slatkiša/ slanaca, brze hrane, energetskih napitaka,kave, alkohola te pušenje.Sve analize su provedene uz programsku potporu statističkog paketa SPSS PC+, V.15.Rezultati: Istraživanjem je obuhvaćeno 167-ero učenika (55,08% dječaka i 44,91% djevojčica). Većina je učenika normalno uhranjena(64,07%), 20,95% njih je preuhranjeno, a 14,97% neishranjeno. Učenici OŠ-a su deblji u odnosu na učenike SŠ-a. Učenici 1.r.OŠ-aimaju najčešće 5 obroka u danu, kao i oni koji su više tjelesno aktivni. Najčešće izbjegavani obrok je zajutrak. Utvrđeno je da oni kojičešće jedu povrće nisu preuhranjeni. Tjelesna aktivnost je najzastupljenija među učenicima 6.r.OŠ-a.Zaključak: Stanje uhranjenosti naših ispitanika prati trend u RH. Prehrambene navike se mijenjaju s dobi ispitanika u negativnomsmislu, što je kao i tjelesna neaktivnost potencijalni prediktor pretilosti.
Tirotoksikoza u djece i adolescenata – dijagnostičke i terapijske dvojbe
Authors: Škrabić Veselin , Unić Ivana , Bilalić Samira , Škrabić Roko 
Published: November 2024

Tirotoksikoza je uzrokovana različitim čimbenicima, a manifestira se šarolikim kliničkim znakovima hipermetaboličkog stanja. Primjeren terapijski pristup ovisi o uzrocima bolesti i bolesnikovom stanju te zahtijeva brzu i pravilnu dijagnostičku obradu. Ovajčlanak iznosi pregled liječenja tirotoksikoze zasnovano na klinički utemeljenim podatcima, a donosi i pregled vlastitih iskustavau četrnaestgodišnjem razdoblju. Pregledom literature, posebno različitih smjernica i drugih publiciranih materijala, služeći sePubMed-om, izdvojili smo podatke koje iznosimo u kritičkom tonu. Iskustva u četrnaestgodišnjem liječenju djece i adolescenata stirotoksikozom u Klinici za dječje bolesti KBC-a Split usporedili smo s iskustvima drugih autora. Klinički opis uključuje početnu kli ničkuevaluaciju i dijagnostički pristup tirotoksikozi, uključujući subkliničku hipertireozu, Hashimotovu i Gravesovu bolest. Pristup Gravesovoj bolesti uključuje tirostatske lijekove, terapiju radioaktivnim jodom i operativno liječenje. U našoj ustanovi u četrnaestgodišnjemrazdoblju pregledali smo 59-ero bolesnika s tirotoksikozom, Hashimotovu bolest imalo je 17/59 (28,8%) bolesnika, a Gravesovu bolest 41/59 (69,5%), dok je 1/59 (1,7%) imao rijetki nedostatak TBG-a (engl. Thyroxine Binding Globulin). Remisiju bolesti doživjelo je12/41 (29,2%) bolesnika s Gravesovom bolešću, a relaps 4/12 (33,3%). Terapija radioaktivnim jodom primijenjena je u 3/41 (7,3%), aoperacija u 13/41 (31,7%) bolesnika s Gravesovom bolešću. Doneseno je više preporuka i zaključaka na utemeljenim kliničkim podatcima racionalnog, pouzdanog i optimalnog kliničkog pristupa oboljelima od tirotoksikoze. Odabir načina liječenja Gravesovebolesti složen je proces. Razgovor o prednostima i rizicima predloženih terapijskih mjera s bolesnikom i njegovim roditeljima je nužan. U našoj ustanovi preporuča se poticati roditelje bolesnika s Gravesovom bolešću koji imaju malu mogućnost za postizanjeremisije na bržu odluku o defi nitivnom liječenju.
Sekvenca kaudalne regresije i delecija 7q34-q36.3
Authors: Bobinec Adriana , Ivankov Ana-Maria , Čule Marina , Sansović Ivona , Barišić Ingeborg 
Published: November 2024

Sekvenca kaudalne regresije rijedak je poremećaj koji uključuje spektar kongenitalnih anomalija u rasponu od hipoplazije/agenezelumbosakralnog dijela kralježnice do teških oblika sirenomelije, kod kojih su donji udovi spojeni. Ovaj poremećaj često prati i oštećenje leđne moždine, a mogu se javiti i malformacije mišićnokoštanog, gastrointestinalnog, genitourinarnog i živčanog sustava. Većina slučajeva je sporadična ili povezana s gestacijskim dijabetesom. Smatra se da nastaje tijekom embriogeneze kao posljedica poremećaja razvoja mezoderma. U regiji 7q36.3 nalazi se gen HLXB9 čije su se patogene varijante dosad povezivale isključivo s autosomno dominantno nasljednim oblikom sakralne ageneze ili Currarinovim sindromom. Prikazujemo prvi slučaj sekvence kaudalne regresije uzrokovan delecijom regije 7q34-q36.3, nastale iz majčine balansirane recipročne translokacije 46,XX,t(7;18)(q35;q23)te upućujemo na važnost gena HLXB9 u razvoju sakruma i pridruženih struktura
Prednosti i ograničenja invazivne prenatalne dijagnostike
Authors: Stipoljev Feodora , Vičić Ana 
Published: November 2024

Prenatalna dijagnostika kromosomskih poremećaja podrazumijeva citogenetičku analizu stanica ploda dobivenih jednom od rutinskih invazivnih tehnika - biopsijom korionskih resica, placentocentezom, amniocentezom ili kordocentezeom. Izbor tipa invazivne dijagnostike ovisi ponajprije o individualnoj procjeni čimbenika rizika za rađanje kromosomski bolesnog djeteta, a zatim i oriziku lošeg ishoda, odnosno gubitka trudnoće kao najteže komplikacije invazivnog zahvata. Problemi koji se mogu javiti u prenatalnoj dijagnostici kromosomskih poremećaja su pojava kromosomskog mozaicizma te razlikovanje pravog od pseudomozaicizma,rizik neuočavanja suptilnih kromosomskih razmještanja zbog ograničenja razlučivanja svjetlosnog mikroskopa, nemogućnost detekcije kriptičkih mozaičnih oblika te zagađenje majčinim stanicama. U tim se slučajevima uz klasičnu citogenetičku analizuprovodi i neka od metoda molekularne dijagnostike. Poseban izazov u prenatalnoj dijagnostici su blizanačke trudnoće. Uvođenjemmetoda potpomognute oplodnje i novih protokola stimulacije, značajno se povećao broj višeplodnih trudnoća. Razlikovanje monozigotnih od dizigotnih blizanaca kod dikorijalnih diamnijskih blizanaca istog spola može se precizno odrediti usporednom analizom mikrosatelitnih lokusa. Mehanizmima kao što je postzigotno nerazdvajanje može doći do nastajanja različitih kromosomskihstatusa, čak i kod monozigotnih blizanaca. Zato je amniocenteza tehnika izbora, a uzorci se trebaju uzeti iz svake amnijske vreće,posebice ako jedan ili oba blizanca imaju ultrazvučno dijagnosticirane abnormalnosti.