bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topological Dirac Nodal‐Line Structure in Orthorhombic‐Ti3N2
Authors: Yao Ziwei , Zhang Xiaoning , Feng Xing , Wen Bin 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAs a new type of titanium nitrides phase, orthorhombic‐Ti3N2 (o‐Ti3N2) possesses coexistence of time‐reversal symmetry, spatial inversion symmetry, band inversion and negligible spin‐orbit‐coupling (SOC), hence it is expected to have special physical and chemical properties. In this work, its electronic and topological properties were systematically investigated by combing first‐principles calculations and Wannier tight‐binding analysis. It is found that o‐Ti3N2 is a 3D topological nodal‐line material characterized by hornlike nodal lines in 3D momentum space. The “drumhead‐like” surface states exist on the (001) surface, while surface states possess the exotic single–double conversion, implying that o‐Ti3N2 may process interesting surface transport properties. These features make o‐Ti3N2 a new member in topological materials, with promising novel applications in electronic devices.
Microemulsion Assisted Assembly of 3D Porous S/Graphene@g‐C3N4 Hybrid Sponge as Free‐Standing Cathodes for High Energy Density Li–S Batteries
Authors: Zhang Juan , Li Jin‐Yi , Wang Wen‐Peng , Zhang Xing‐Hao , Tan Xing‐Hua , Chu Wei‐Guo , Guo Yu‐Guo 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA 3D porous sulfur/graphene@g‐C3N4 (S/GCN) hybrid sponge, which can be directly applied as a free‐standing cathode for Li–S batteries, is realized via a microemulsion assisted assembly approach. In this strategy, the interior oil emulsion droplets serve as soft templates to form pores to accommodate sulfur and the hydrophilic GCN stacks around oil droplets to assemble into a crosslinked 3D network. Through this microemulsion encapsulation route, S/GCN cathodes with a sulfur loading as high as 82 wt% can be achieved. Furthermore, the enriched N‐sites in GCN macropores offer numerous adhesion sites for polysulfides, realizing a “physical‐chemical” dual‐confinement for polysulfides from diffusion. Moreover, the robust and highly porous 3D graphene frameworks render efficient electron/Li+ transport pathways for fast kinetics as well as good structure integrity. Consequently, in comparison to the conventional G‐sponge/Li2Sn catholyte system, S/GCN delivers a higher specific capacity, superior high‐rate capability (612 mA h g−1 at 10 C), and alleviated anode corrosion issues. Particularly, an energy density as high as 1493 W h kg−1 (calculated on the total weight of the cathode) and an extremely low capacity fading rate of 0.017% per cycle over 800 cycles at 0.3 C are achieved.
Heterostyly promotes compatible pollination in buckwheats: Comparisons of intraflower, intraplant, and interplant pollen flow in distylous and homostylous Fagopyrum
Authors: Wu Ling‐Yun , Chang Fang‐Fang , Liu Shu‐Juan , Scott Armbruster W. , Huang Shuang‐Quan 
Published: February 2018

Premise of the StudyHeterostyly, the reciprocal positioning of stigmas and anthers in different floral morphs, has long been thought to promote intermorph pollination. However, extensive intramorph pollination occurs commonly in heterostylous species, leading to recurrent questions about the functional and evolutionary significance of heterostyly.MethodsTo identify the sources of stigmatic pollen (autogamous [intraflower], geitonogamous [intraplant], vs. interplant), we emasculated either one flower or entire plants in experimental populations of the two closely related buckwheat species, distylous Fagopyrum esculentum and homostylous F. tataricum. Differences in pollen size allowed unambiguous identification of pollen on stigmas.ResultsOnly 2.4% of F. tataricum pollen and 1.5% of F. esculentum pollen arrived successfully on compatible stigmas of other plants. In the former (homostylous) species, 71.3% of the pollen load on stigmas was autogamous, 10.8% was geitonogamous, and 17.9% was interplant. In the latter (distylous) species, 37.45% of the pollen on stigmas was autogamous, 13.8% was geitonogamous, 17.0% was intramorph, and 31.75% was intermorph. The amount of incompatible pollen arriving on stigmas was greatly decreased by both one‐flower and whole‐plant emasculations, and thus, the proportion of compatible pollen deposited increased with one‐flower emasculation and increased even more with whole‐plant emasculation.ConclusionsOur quantification of pollen‐donor sources in these two species indicated that heterostyly in Fagopyrum esculentum provided a nearly 2‐fold fitness advantage (in terms of compatible pollination) over expected (random) pollen transfers between morphs. Because of reduced herkogamy, the homostylous F. tataricum was highly autogamous.
Differential growth of pavement cells of Arabidopsis thaliana leaf epidermis as revealed by microbead labeling
Authors: Elsner Joanna , Lipowczan Marcin , Kwiatkowska Dorota 
Published: February 2018

Premise of the StudyIn numerous vascular plants, pavement cells of the leaf epidermis are shaped like a jigsaw‐puzzle piece. Knowledge about the subcellular pattern of growth that accompanies morphogenesis of such a complex shape is crucial for studies of the role of the cytoskeleton, cell wall and phytohormones in plant cell development. Because the detailed growth pattern of the anticlinal and periclinal cell walls remains unknown, our aim was to measure pavement cell growth at a subcellular resolution.MethodsUsing fluorescent microbeads applied to the surface of the adaxial leaf epidermis of Arabidopsis thaliana as landmarks for growth computation, we directly assessed the growth rates for the outer periclinal and anticlinal cell walls at a subcellular scale.Key ResultsWe observed complementary tendencies in the growth pattern of the outer periclinal and anticlinal cell walls. Central portions of periclinal walls were characterized by relatively slow growth, while growth of the other wall portions was heterogeneous. Local growth of the periclinal walls accompanying lobe development after initiation was relatively fast and anisotropic, with maximal extension usually in the direction along the lobe axis. This growth pattern of the periclinal walls was complemented by the extension of the anticlinal walls, which was faster on the lobe sides than at the tips.ConclusionsGrowth of the anticlinal and outer periclinal walls of leaf pavement cells is heterogeneous. The growth of the lobes resembles cell elongation via diffuse growth rather than tip growth.
A new mutation of congenital methemoglobinemia exacerbated after methylene blue treatment
Authors: Yamaji Fuminori , Soeda Akio , Shibata Hiroki , Morikawa Takuya , Suzuki Kodai , Yoshida Shozo , Ogura Shinji 
Published: February 2018

CaseMethylene blue is useful for the treatment of methemoglobinemia. However, even after the patient's methemoglobin (metHb) rate has improved, careful observation is important because they could have undiagnosed congenital methemoglobinemia. In this case, a 67‐year‐old man underwent gastrointestinal endoscopy with the use of lidocaine for local anesthesia. During the examination, he complained of dyspnea and had low SpO2 despite normal PaO2 and SaO2. He was transferred to our department as a suspected case of acquired methemoglobinemia.OutcomeThe patient's metHb level was 26.2%. We administered methylene blue i.v. and his metHb level subsequently decreased to 1.6%. However, his metHb level gradually increased to 18.2%, and we suspected that he had congenital methemoglobinemia. We administered riboflavin and ascorbic acid orally, and his metHb level decreased to 6.4%. We also obtained genomic DNA from the patient and identified a novel variant of CYB5R3.ConclusionWe report a novel variant of congenital methemoglobinemia that deteriorated after methylene blue treatment.
Crystalline structure and mechanical properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) filament embedded with nanosize clay particles
Authors: Bahng GunWoong , Endoh Maya K. , Ryu Jisu , Hwang Junyeon 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTThe properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) filaments embedded with nanosize clay powder were evaluated. The moisture management function and thermal properties of the textile were found to be improved; however, the strength of the filament was lowered with a little increase in elongation. In situ analysis of the crystalline structure with small‐angle X‐ray scattering and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction during the tensile testing showed an unstable change in intensities during the elongation. This phenomenon is related to the earlier rearrangement and breaks down the microstructure in local regions with an increase in strain. This is expected to be due to the low adhesion strength between the matrix and the embedded nanosize clay particles. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46321.
Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Cyanation by Using an Electrophilic Cyanating Agent, N‐Cyano‐N‐phenyl‐p‐toluenesulfonamide (NCTS)
Authors: Cui Jie , Song Jian , Liu Qing , Liu Hui , Dong Yunhui 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe ability to introduce a nitrile group into a biologically active compound is very useful in organic synthesis, owing to the importance of nitrile groups in transformations and tuning molecular properties. To date, nucleophilic cyanation has been the most used strategy for this purpose, whilst electrophilic cyanation reactions are less developed. Recently, the electrophilic cyanation reagent N‐cyano‐N‐phenyl‐p‐toluenesulfonamide (NCTS) has received increasing attention, owing to its superior properties in terms of safety and practicality. This Focus Review summarizes recent progress in transition‐metal‐catalyzed cyanation reactions that use NCTS.
Elevated TRIM44 promotes intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma progression by inducing cell EMT via MAPK signaling
Authors: Peng Rui , Zhang Peng‐Fei , Zhang Chi , Huang Xiao‐Yong , Ding Yan‐bing , Deng Bin , Bai Dou‐Sheng , Xu Ya‐Ping 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSurgical results for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) remain unsatisfactory due to the high rate of recurrence. Here, we investigated that the expression and roles of tripartite motif‐containing protein 44 (TRIM44) in human ICCs. Firstly, TRIM44 expression was analyzed in several kinds of cancers by referring to public Oncomine database, and the expressions of TRIM44 mRNA and protein were tested in ICC and corresponding paratumorous tissues. Secondly, functions and mechanisms of TRIM44 in ICC cells were further evaluated by TRIM44 interference and cDNA transfection. Finally, the prognostic role of TRIM44 was assessed by Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression. We found that TRIM44 expression was upregulated in ICC tissues compared with corresponding paratumorous tissues, which were consistent with the results from the public cancer database. Knockdown of TRIM44 repressed the invasion and migration of ICC cells, while increased the ICC cell apoptosis. Additionally, high level of TRIM44 was shown to induce ICC cell epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Mechanistically, a high level of TRIM44 was found to activate MAPK signaling, and a MEK inhibitor, AZD6244, reversed cell EMT and apoptosis endowed by TRIM44 overexpression. Clinically, TRIM44 expression was positively associated with large tumor size (P = 0.035), lymphatic metastasis (P = 0.008) and poor tumor differentiation (P = 0.036). Importantly, patients in TRIM44high group had shorter overall survival and higher cumulative rate of recurrence than patients in TRIM44low group. Our results suggest elevated TRIM44 promotes ICC development by inducing cell EMT and apoptosis resistance, and TRIM44 is a valuable prognostic biomarker and promising therapeutic target of ICC.
Bilateral bullous keratopathy secondary to melting keratitis in a Suri alpaca (Vicugna pacos)
Authors: Guyonnet Alexandre , Bourguet Aurélie , Donzel Elise , Bataille Guillemette , Pascal Quentin , Laloy Eve , Boulouis Henri‐Jean , Milleman Yves , Chahory Sabine 
Published: February 2018

Key Clinical MessageAn young alpaca was evaluated for bilateral progressive melting corneal ulcers and developped secondary bullous keratopathy during hospitalization. The tragic progression of melting ulcers in both eyes observed in our case leads us to recommend a rapid intensive medical therapy in young and debilitated alpacas presenting a corneal ulcer.
Process Technology for Waste Wood Processing
Authors: Eisenlauer Moritz , Graf Hannah , Teipel Ulrich 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn den letzten Jahren hat die Nutzung nachwachsender Rohstoffe stark zugenommen. Um die Nachfrage decken zu können, müssen neue Rohstoffströme erschlossen, aber auch die Prozessschritte bei der Nutzung dieser in ihrer Effizienz gesteigert werden. Altholz bzw. Recyclingholz stellt einen bis heute wenig genutzten Rohstoffstrom dar. Ein wesentlicher Aspekt bei der Nutzung dieser Rohstoffe ist die Zerkleinerung. In dieser Arbeit wurde Recyclingholz in einer Hammer‐ und einer Schneidmühle zerkleinert. Dabei wurde der Einfluss von Prozessparametern und des Rohstofftyps auf die Zerkleinerungsenergie und die Zerkleinerungsprodukte untersucht.
Formation and Vaporization of Hydrocarbons During Cobalt‐Catalysed Fischer‐Tropsch Synthesis
Authors: Rößler Stefan , Kern Christoph , Jess Andreas 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDuring the initial phase of low‐temperature Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis, the pore system of the catalyst is filled with liquid hydrocarbons. The investigations in a magnetic suspension balance with a cobalt catalyst revealed that the filling period may take several days or even more and strongly depends on the conditions such as temperature and H2‐to‐CO ratio. A numerical model of the pore filling process was developed to gain a better understanding of the parameters that determine this process and of their impact on the filling time. The model is in good agreement with the experimental data.
Rates of Ligand Exchange around the Bis‐Oxalato Complex [NpO2(C2O4)2]3− Measured by Using Multinuclear NMR Spectroscopy under Neutral to Semi‐Alkaline Conditions
Authors: Pilgrim Corey D. , Mason Harris E. , Zavarin Mavrik , Casey William H. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe kinetics of ligand exchange between the free oxalate ion, C2O42−, and the bis‐oxalato NpV complex, [NpO2(C2O4)2]3−, in aqueous solution are reported by using 13C and 17O NMR spectroscopy methods. Rates of exchange were measured in the pH regime of 6.5–9.0, at which speciation is shown to be suitably simple. Because the neptunium(V) complex is paramagnetic, the rates of ligand exchange were estimated by following the width of the 13C and 17O signals assigned to the free oxalate ion in solution and by applying the Swift–Connick method for measuring rates of exchange. A set of experiments were conducted in which pH and total oxalate concentration were varied, and the linear dependence of the rate on these parameters was demonstrated. Variable‐temperature NMR spectroscopy was also performed to measure activation parameters of complexation. At pH<8.0, ΔH≠=16.9 ±4.9 kJ mol−1 and ΔS≠=−116.3 ±17.1 kJ mol−1 K−1, whereas at pH>8.0 there is almost no dependence on temperature, which is interpreted to indicate that hydrolysis is coupled to ligand exchange under these conditions.
Photo‐ and Electrochemical Properties of a CO2 Reducing Ruthenium–Rhenium Quaterpyridine‐Based Catalyst
Authors: Frayne Liam , Das Nivedita , Paul Avishek , Amirjalayer Saeed , Buma Wybren J. , Woutersen Sander , Long Conor , Vos Johannes G. , Pryce Mary T. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe bridging ligand 2,2′,5′,3′′,6′′,2′′′‐quaterpyridine was utilised to tether [(bpy)2Ru]2+ and [Re(CO)3Cl] subunits for the purpose of photocatalytic CO2 reduction. The photophysics and electrochemistry of the complex and associated mononuclear species are reported herein, in addition to photocatalytic, picosecond time‐resolved infrared and computational studies. Photophysical, time‐resolved IR, and electrochemical data together with quantum chemical calculations indicate weak communication between the two metal centres. As a result of the electron‐withdrawing effect of the ligand on both the Ru and Re subunits, the reducing power of the photosensitiser and catalytic unit were significantly attenuated relative to the intermolecular approach utilising [(bpy)3Ru]2+ and (bpy)Re(CO)3Cl.
Cleaning effect of osteoconductive powder abrasive treatment on explanted human implants and biofilm‐coated titanium discs
Authors: Tastepe Ceylin S. , Lin Xingnan , Werner Arie , Donnet Marcel , Wismeijer Daniel , Liu Yuelian 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study is to test the cleaning effect and surface modification of a new implant surface treatment on explanted dental implants and titanium discs. It is a modified air powder abrasive (APA) treatment applied using osteoconductive powders. Twenty‐eight in vitro Ca‐precipitated organic film‐coated titanium discs and 13 explanted dental implants were treated. In a 2‐step approach, 3 powders were used: hydroxylapatite (HA) and biomimetic calcium phosphate (BioCaP), which are osteoconductive, and erythritol, which is not. APA treatment was applied. (Air pressure: 2.4 bar; water flow for cleaning: 41.5 ml/min, for Coating 1: 2.1 ml/min, and for Coating 2: 15.2 ml/min.) The test groups were as follows: Group 1: HA cleaning + BioCaP Coating 1; Group 2: HA cleaning + BioCaP Coating 2; Group 3: erythritol cleaning + BioCaP Coating 1; Group 4: erythritol cleaning + BioCaP Coating 2; Group 5: HA cleaning; Group 6: erythritol cleaning; and control: no powder. Cleaned areas were calculated by point counting method. Surface changes and chemical content were evaluated using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. Cleaning effect between groups was compared by a pairwise Student's t test. The significance level was fixed at p < .05. Cleaning effect on the discs was 100% in all test groups and 5% in the control. Powder particles in varying size and shape were embedded on the surface. All HA‐ or CaP‐treated surfaces showed Ca and P content but no surface damage. Calcified biofilm remnants were removed from the implant surface by the test groups, whereas in control groups, they remained. APA treatment with CaP and HA powders under clinically applicable pressure settings gives positive results in vitro; therefore, they could be promising when used in vivo.
Promoting Ethylene Selectivity from CO2 Electroreduction on CuO Supported onto CO2 Capture Materials
Authors: Yang Hui‐Juan , Yang Hong , Hong Yu‐Hao , Zhang Peng‐Yang , Wang Tao , Chen Li‐Na , Zhang Feng‐Yang , Wu Qi‐Hui , Tian Na , Zhou Zhi‐You , Sun Shi‐Gang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCu is a unique catalyst for CO2 electroreduction, since it can catalyze CO2 reduction to a series of hydrocarbons, alcohols, and carboxylic acids. Nevertheless, such Cu catalysts suffer from poor selectivity. High pressure of CO2 is considered to facilitate the activity and selectivity of CO2 reduction. Herein, a new strategy is presented for CO2 reduction with improved C2H4 selectivity on a Cu catalyst by using CO2 capture materials as the support at ambient pressure. N‐doped carbon (NxC) was synthesized through high‐temperature carbonization of melamine and l‐lysine. We observed that the CO2 uptake capacity of NxC depends on both the microporous area and the content of pyridinic N species, which can be controlled by the carbonization temperature (600–800 °C). The as‐prepared CuO/NxC catalysts exhibit a considerably higher C2H4 faradaic efficiency (36 %) than CuO supported on XC‐72 carbon black (19 %), or unsupported CuO (20 %). Moreover, there is a good linear relationship between the C2H4 faradaic efficiency and CO2 uptake capacity of the supports for CuO. The local high CO2 concentration near Cu catalysts, created by CO2 capture materials, was proposed to increase the coverage of CO intermediate, which is favorable for the coupling of two CO units in the formation of C2H4. This study demonstrates that pairing Cu catalysts with CO2 capture supports is a promising approach for designing highly effective CO2 reduction electrocatalysts.
Conservation value of low‐productivity forests measured as the amount and diversity of dead wood and saproxylic beetles
Authors: Hämäläinen Aino , Strengbom Joachim , Ranius Thomas 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn many managed landscapes, low‐productivity land comprises most of the remaining relatively untouched areas, and is often over‐represented within protected areas. The relationship between the productivity and conservational value of a site is poorly known; however, it has been hypothesized that biodiversity increases with productivity due to higher resource abundance or heterogeneity, and that the species communities of low‐productivity land are a nested subset of communities from more productive land. We tested these hypotheses for dead‐wood‐dependent beetles by comparing their species richness and composition, as well as the amount and diversity of dead wood, between low‐productivity (potential forest growth <1 m3·ha−1·yr−1) and high‐productivity Scots pine‐dominated stands in Sweden. We included four stand types: stands situated on (1) thin soils and (2) mires (both low‐productivity), (3) managed stands, and (4) unmanaged stands set aside for conservation purposes (both high‐productivity). Beetle species richness and number of red‐listed species were highest in the high‐productivity set‐asides. Species richness was positively correlated with the volume and diversity of dead wood, but volume appeared to be a better predictor than diversity for the higher species richness in set‐asides. Beetle species composition was similar among stand types, and the assemblages in low‐productivity stands were largely subsets of those in high‐productivity set‐asides. However, 11% of all species and 40% of red‐listed species only occurred in high‐productivity stands, while no species were unique to low‐productivity stands. We conclude that low‐productivity forests are less valuable for conservation than high‐productivity forest land. Given the generally similar species composition among stand types, a comparable conservational effect could be obtained by setting aside a larger area of low‐productivity forest in comparison to the high‐productivity. In terms of dead wood volumes, 1.8–3.6 ha of low‐productivity forest has the same value as 1 ha of unmanaged high‐productivity forest. This figure can be used to estimate the conservation value of low‐productivity forests; however, as high‐productivity forests harbored some unique species, they are not completely exchangeable.