bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extraction of Chitin from Crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) Shell Waste
Authors: KÜÇÜKGÜLMEZ Aygül 
Published: June 2018

In this study, chitin was chemically extracted from the crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus)
shells. Deproteinization, demineralization and decolorization
processes were applied to obtain chitin. In order to determine
characterization of the chitosan; yield, moisture and ash contents, degree of deacetylation,
colour properties, Fourier Transform
Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyses were applied. The
deacetylation degree of chitin from crayfish shells was found as 25.67% detected
by elemental analysis. L*, a*, b*,
chroma, hue and whiteness in color properties of crayfish chitin were measured.
The chemical composition of crayfish chitin was characterized with FTIR
analysis. SEM analysis of shells and chitin samples were obtained and compared
at different magnification. The findings
of the present study are important to obtain the chitin from unevaluated crayfish
wastes.
Generating activity based, multi-modal travel demand for SUMO
Authors: Schweizer Joerg , Rupi Federico , Filippi Francesco , Poliziani Cristian 
Published: June 2018

This article explains a travel demand generator developed within the SUMOPy frame- work which aims at providing person-based plans for the SUMO micro-simulator. The plan generation has four principal steps: 1.) a population needs to be generated, with specific attributes for each person; 2.) activities and their associated locations need to be identified, 3.) travel plans need to be generated, with the aim to connect the various activities in an efficient manner. 4.) A microsimulator determines the effective travel times for each plan which persons can use to modify or change their plan. In a first part, this article briefly describes other software packages which allow activity based demand models. It is further explained that the use of SUMO as microsimulator is particularly suited to evaluate multi-modal travel plans.The article then focuses on SUMOPy’s activity based demand model and in particular on the population synthesizer, plan generation and plan selection step. SUMOPy’s activity based demand framework has two distinguishing features: 1.) the time travel budget can be controlled during the population synthesizing process; 2.) The concept of abstract mobility strategies – each person may have different feasible plans, following different mobility strategies. The SUMO micro-simulator is used to evaluate the effective travel time of plans for the entire population. Regarding the plan selection method, a method is described if and how persons change plans based on the the effective travel times experienced after each simulation run. It is shown by means of a synthetic network and a realistic city network that the proposed algorithm is converging and total travel times are decreasing after each simulation run until an equilibrium is reached. Some preliminary attempts were undertaken to improve the speed of convergence. For both of the analyzed networks an equilibrium has been reached after approximately 10 simulation runs.
Manajemen Pemanenan Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) di Kebun Bagan Kusik Estate, Ketapang, Kalimantan Barat
Authors: Suryantoro Wisnu Bakti , Sudradjat . 
Published: June 2018

<em><span>Kegiatan penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Bagan Kusik Estate, PT Harapan Sawit Lestari, Kalimantan</span><span>Barat dari <span>10 Februari sampai </span>10 Juni 2014. Kegiatan penelitian memberikan pengalaman kerja dan</span><span>meningkatkan kemampuan mahasiswa menjadi lebih terampil bekerja di perkebunan kelapa sawit khususnya </span><span>dalam hal manajemen pemanenan. Manajemen pemanenan yang diamati adalah rotasi panen, angka </span><span>kerapatan panen, kriteria matang panen, prestasi kerja, tenaga kerja, dan transportasi hasil. Pengamatan rotasi </span><span>panen dan tenaga kerja mengunakan analisis uji </span><span>t-studet</span><span> dan uji korelasi. Hasil uji </span><span>t-student </span><span>menyatakan <span>bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang nyata antara interval panen standar dengan realisasi terhadap pencapaian </span><span>target produksi. Rotasi yang berubah-ubah akan mempengaruhi produksi kelapa sawit. Berdasarkan hasil uji </span><span>korelasi diketahui bahwa faktor umur, lama kerja, tingkat pendidikan berkorelasi positif terhadap produksi </span><span>kelapa sawit. Pelaksanaan manajemen pemanenan di Kebun Bagan Kusik Estate mulai dari persiapan panen, </span><span>cara memanen, dan transportasi TBS ke pabrik sudah dilaksanakan dengan baik, sehingga produksi setiap </span><span>tahun kelapa sawit mengalami peningkatan.</span></span></em>
HUBUNGAN THRIVE SCORE TERHADAP BARTHEL INDEX PASIEN STROKE ISKEMIK AKUT DI UNIT STROKE RUMAH SAKIT UMUM PUSAT (RSUP) DR. SARDJITO
Authors: Kenedi John , Paryono Paryono , Setyopranoto Ismail 
Published: June 2018

Latar Belakang: Prediktor awal yang akurat terhadap luaran fungsional sangat diperlukan dalam tatalaksana pasien stroke iskemik akut. THRIVE (The Total Health Risk In Vascular Events) score telah divalidasi dan digunakan sebagai prediktor luaran pasien stroke iskemik akut yang akan menjalani prosedur endovaskular maupun recombinant-tissue Plasminogen Activator (r-tPA) intravena.
Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan THRIVE score terhadap skor Barthel Index pada pasien dengan stroke iskemik akut di Unit Stroke RSUP Dr. Sardjito.
Metode Penelitian: Penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan metode potong lintang. Diagnosis stroke iskemik ditegakkan dengan pemeriksaan Computed Tomography (CT)-sken kepala. Data THRIVE score yang meliputi data The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), usia, riwayat menderita diabetes mellitus (DM), hipertensi, dan atrial fibrilasi (AF) diambil melalui formulir laporan kasus. Nilai skor Barthel Index diambil saat pasien keluar rumah sakit.
Hasil: Subjek penelitian berjumlah 90 dengan proporsi 60 subjek laki-laki (66,6%) dan 30 subjek perempuan (33,3%). Uji Chi-Square menunjukkan adanya korelasi signifikan antara tingginya THRIVE score dengan rendahnya skor Barthel Index dengan nilai p = 0,001 (p <0,05).
Simpulan: Nilai THRIVE score saat masuk yang tinggi berhubungan dengan skor Barthel Index pasien yang rendah saat keluar rumah sakit.
Kata Kunci: Stroke iskemik akut, luaran klinis, THRIVE score, Barthel Index.
McLuhan y las estructuras de la experiencia El caso del alfabeto y el espacio euclidiano
Authors: Carrillo Canán Alberto J. L. 
Published: June 2018

<p>Marshall McLuhan forma parte del conjunto de teóricos que de una u otra manera ponen el acento en lo que en sentido estricto, con base en la tradición kantiana, puede ser llamado las estructuras de la experiencia. En términos kantianos las estructuras de la experiencia no son otra cosa que las condiciones de posibilidad de los objetos de la experiencia, es decir, de los fenómenos. Entre otros, E. Husserl, M. Heidegger, E. Durkheim, E. T. Hall, M. Foucault, por mencionar solamente a algunos teóricos además de McLuhan, trabajan con la idea de las estructuras de la experiencia, aislando unas, proponiendo otras y utilizando diferentes terminologías para nombrarlas. En este texto nos concentraremos en el caso de McLuhan. De hecho, las tres épocas mediáticas en la historia de la humanidad distinguidas por McLuhan, a saber, la época “aural oral”, la época “mecánica” y la época “eléctrica”, corresponden cada una a estructuras de la experiencia bien definidas. Podemos decir que la teoría mediática de McLuhan consiste en investigar qué estructuras de la experiencia genera cada medio o combinación de ellos. A fin de cuentas, lo que en ocasiones ha sido considerado un “reduccionismo tecnológico” en McLuhan no es otra cosa que la idea de que los medios dan las condiciones de posibilidad de los objetos de la experiencia. Los medios definen la fenomenalidad o estructura de los fenómenos, es decir, los medios definen la manera en la que experimentamos la realidad. Por eso, “el medio es lo que cuenta”, que es la traducción correcta de la famosa frase de McLuhan the medium is the message. La ventaja de esta aproximación protokantiana a la teoría de que “el medio es lo que cuenta”, es que permite traducir esta noción básica mcluhaniana y la teoría correspondiente a un modelo teórico más claro que el ofrecido por el propio McLuhan, lo que a la vez permite establecer más fácilmente conexiones y diferencias con teóricos tales como Durkheim, Heidegger o Foucault. En este texto nos concentraremos en el espacio euclidiano como forma de la experiencia condicionada por la escritura con base en el alfabeto fonético. </p>
Analisis Pengaruh Penggunaan Teknologi Informasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya Pontianak
Authors: Fitriani Diana 
Published: June 2018

Tujuan utama dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai pengaruh penggunaan teknologi informasi terhadap kinerja karyawan PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya Pontianak. Metode penelitian menggunakan analisis regresi berganda dengan program SPSS versi 20.00 didukung dengan analisis ordinary least square sebagai alat ukur kelayakan pengujian penelitian. Variabel penelitian berupa variable bebas yaitu teknologi informasi wireless (X1) dan teknologi informasi wireline (X2) sedangkan untuk variabel terikatnya adalah kinerja karyawan (Y). Data diperoleh dengan cara wawancara, observasi, kuesioner dan studi dokumenter. Kuesioner berisi pertanyaan berdasarkan teori dari Thamron untuk variabel bebas sedangkan untuk variable terikat menggunakan teori dari Mangkunegara. Skala pengukuran menggunakan skala likert. Jumlah responden sesuai dengan jumlah populasi yaitu sebesar 73 orang dengan teknik sampling jenuh. Berdasarkan penelitian variabel teknologi informasi wireless (X1) berpengaruh sebesar 0.672% dan 27.67% kinerja karyawan meningkat karena dipengaruhi oleh teknologi informasi wireline (X2). Secara simultan diperoleh nilai sebesar 46% berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja karyawan PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya Pontianak. Hasil yang diperoleh menyatakan bahwa PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya Pontianak memiliki karyawan dengan kinerja yang baik dan didukungan teknologi infomasi yang memadai. Keywords : Teknologi Informasi Wireless, Teknologi Informasi Wireline, Kinerja Karyawan, Deskriptif Analisis
CO in Protostars (COPS): Herschel-SPIRE Spectroscopy of Embedded Protostars∗
Authors: Yang Yao-Lun , Green Joel D. , Evans II Neal J. , Lee Jeong-Eun , Jørgensen Jes K. , Kristensen Lars E. , Mottram Joseph C. , Herczeg Gregory , Karska Agata , Dionatos Odysseas , Bergin Edwin A. , Bouwman Jeroen , van Dishoeck Ewine F. , van Kempen Tim A. , Larson Rebecca L. , Yıldız Umut A. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We present full spectral scans from 200 to 670 μm of 26 Class 0+I protostellar sources obtained with Herschel-SPIRE as part of the “COPS-SPIRE” Open Time program, complementary to the DIGIT and WISH Key Programs. Based on our nearly continuous, line-free spectra from 200 to 670 μm, the calculated bolometric luminosities (L
bol) increase by 50% on average, and the bolometric temperatures (T
bol) decrease by 10% on average, in comparison with the measurements without Herschel. Fifteen protostars have the same class using T
bol and L
bol/L
smm. We identify rotational transitions of CO lines from

to

, along with emission lines of 13CO, HCO+, H2O, and [C i]. The ratios of 12CO to 13CO indicate that 12CO emission remains optically thick for J
up < 13. We fit up to four components of temperature from the rotational diagram with flexible break points to separate the components. The distribution of rotational temperatures shows a primary population around 100 K with a secondary population at ∼350 K. We quantify the correlations of each line pair found in our data set and find that the strength of the correlation of CO lines decreases as the difference between J levels between two CO lines increases. The multiple origins of CO emission previously revealed by velocity-resolved profiles are consistent with this smooth distribution if each physical component contributes to a wide range of CO lines with significant overlap in the CO ladder. We investigate the spatial extent of CO emission and find that the morphology is more centrally peaked and less bipolar at high-J lines. We find the CO emission observed with SPIRE related to outflows, which consists of two components, the entrained gas and shocked gas, as revealed by our rotational diagram analysis, as well as the studies with velocity-resolved CO emission.
A New Method to Test the Einstein’s Weak Equivalence Principle
Authors: Yu Hai , Xi Shao-Qiang , Wang Fa-Yin 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The Einstein’s weak equivalence principle (WEP) is one of the foundational assumptions of general relativity and some other gravity theories. In the theory of parametrized post-Newtonian (PPN), the difference between the PPN parameters γ of different particles or the same type of particle with different energies, Δγ, represents the violation of WEP. Current constraints on Δγ are derived from the observed time delay between correlated particles of astronomical sources. However, the observed time delay is contaminated by other effects, such as the time delays due to different particle emission times, the potential Lorentz invariance violation, and none-zero photon rest mass. Therefore, current constraints are only upper limits. Here, we propose a new method to test WEP based on the fact that the gravitational time delay is direction-dependent while others are not. This is the first method that can naturally correct other time-delay effects. Using the time-delay measurements of BASTE gamma-ray burst sample and the gravitational potential of local super galaxy cluster Laniakea, we find that the constraint on Δγ of different energy photons can be as low as 10−14. In the future, if more gravitational wave events and fast radio bursts with much more precise time-delay measurements are observed, this method can give a reliable and tight constraint on WEP.
Consequences of Treating the Solar Magnetic Field as a Dipole on the Global Structure of the Heliosphere and Heliosheath
Authors: Michael A. T. , Opher M. , Tóth G. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We investigate the effect of including the heliospheric current sheet on global modeling of the heliosphere. Due to inherent numerical dissipation in the current handling of the heliospheric current sheet, models have chosen to remove it to avoid numerical problems. We compare a model where the polarity of the Parker spiral is the same in both hemispheres (unipolar) to a dipole description of the solar magnetic field, with the magnetic and rotational axes aligned forming a flat heliospheric current sheet. The flat current sheet is pulled into the northern hemisphere, which reduces the magnetic field strength at the Voyager 1 trajectory over the last 22% of the heliosheath. The decrease in magnetic field intensity is transferred into the thermal energy of the plasma causing the dipole model to predict an entirely thermally dominated heliosheath; this is a stark contrast to the magnetically dominated region ahead of the heliopause in the unipole model. We find that the two-lobe structure of the solar wind magnetic field persists within the dipole model, with the flat current sheet not able to fully erode the magnetic tension force. However, there is a large amount of magnetic dissipation in the tail between the lobes, which affects the structure of the plasma in the region. Furthermore, the draped interstellar magnetic field in the dipole model is strongly affected by reconnection at the nose of the heliosphere, yielding a distinctly different draping pattern than that observed at Voyager 1.
Proper Motions of Sunspots’ Umbral Dots at High Temporal and Spatial Resolution
Authors: Goodarzi Hadis , Koutchmy Serge , Adjabshirizadeh Ali 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
To deepen the analysis of the photometric properties of the umbra of a sunspot, we study proper motions of small features such as umbral dots (UDs) inside a single sunspot observed by the Solar Optical Telescope of Hinode close to the disk center. We consider horizontal flows with high precision and details to study the transient motion behavior of UDs in short time intervals. Blue continuum images were first deconvolved with the point-spread function, such that the stray light is precisely removed and the original resolution is improved. Several images were co-added to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, keeping a reasonable temporal resolution and checking that the results are reproducible. The Fourier local correlation tracking technique is applied to the new corrected time sequence of images, and horizontal velocity maps were obtained both for the whole umbra (16″ × 12″) and for a high-resolution small region of the umbra (3.″5 × 3.″5) to study the smallest details of the velocity fields. We used two different Gaussian tracking windows (0.8 and 0.″2 ), which reveals two types of horizontal motions for umbral features. First, a global inner penumbra and peripheral umbra inward motion directed to the central parts is revealed as an overall proper motion of bright peripheral fine structures. Second, motions matching small cells inside the darkest parts of the umbra with apparent sink and source areas are revealed, suggesting possible upflows and downflows appearing in different bright and dark locations without a definite answer regarding their brightness identification with a convective or a buoyant cell.
A Systematic Spectral-timing Analysis of Kilohertz Quasi-periodic Oscillations in the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer Archive
Authors: Troyer Jon S. , Cackett Edward M. , Peille Philippe , Barret Didier 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillations or kHz QPOs occur on the orbital timescale of the inner accretion flow, and may carry signatures of the physics of strong gravity (c
2 ≃ GM/R) and possibly clues to constraining the neutron star equation of state. Both the timing behavior of kHz QPOs and the time-averaged spectra of these systems have been studied extensively, yet no model completely describes all the properties of kHz QPOs. Here, we present a systematic study of spectral-timing products of kHz QPOs from low-mass X-ray binary systems through the use of archival Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer/Proportional Counter Array data. For the lower kHz QPOs in 14 objects and the upper kHz QPOs in six objects, we were able to obtain correlated time lags as a function of QPO frequency and energy, as well as energy-dependent covariance spectra and intrinsic coherence. For the lower kHz QPOs, we find a monotonic decrease in lags with increasing energy, rising covariance to ∼12 keV, and near unity coherence at all energies. For the upper kHz QPOs, we find near zero lags, rising covariance to ∼12 keV, and less well-constrained coherence at all energies. These results suggest that while kHz QPOs are likely produced by similar mechanisms across the population of LMXBs, the lower kHz QPOs are likely produced by a different mechanism than the upper kHz QPOs.
The MALATANG Survey: The LGAS–LIR Correlation on Sub-kiloparsec Scale in Six Nearby Star-forming Galaxies as Traced by HCN J = 4 → 3 and HCO+ J = 4 → 3
Authors: Tan Qing-Hua , Gao Yu , Zhang Zhi-Yu , Greve Thomas R. , Jiang Xue-Jian , Wilson Christine D. , Yang Chen-Tao , Bemis Ashley , Chung Aeree , Matsushita Satoki , Shi Yong , Ao Yi-Ping , Brinks Elias , Currie Malcolm J. , Davis Timothy A. , Grijs Richard de , Ho Luis C. , Imanishi Masatoshi , Kohno Kotaro , Lee Bumhyun , Parsons Harriet , Rawlings Mark G. , Rigopoulou Dimitra , Rosolowsky Erik , Bulger Joanna , Chen Hao , Chapman Scott C. , Eden David , Gear Walter K. , Gu Qiu-Sheng , He Jin-Hua , Jiao Qian , Liu Dai-Zhong , Liu Li-Jie , Li Xiao-Hu , Michałowski Michał J. , Nguyen-Luong Quang , Qiu Jian-Jie , Smith Matthew W. L. , Violino Giulio , Wang Jian-Fa , Wang Jun-Feng , Wang Jun-Zhi , Yeh Sherry , Zhao Ying-He , Zhu Ming 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We present

and

maps of six nearby star-forming galaxies, NGC 253, NGC 1068, IC 342, M82, M83, and NGC 6946, obtained with the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope as part of the MALATANG survey. All galaxies were mapped in the central 2′ × 2′ region at 14″ (FWHM) resolution (corresponding to linear scales of ∼0.2–1.0 kpc). The L
IR–L′dense relation, where the dense gas is traced by the

and the

emission, measured in our sample of spatially resolved galaxies is found to follow the linear correlation established globally in galaxies within the scatter. We find that the luminosity ratio, L
IR/L′dense, shows systematic variations with L
IR within individual spatially resolved galaxies, whereas the galaxy-integrated ratios vary little. A rising trend is also found between L
IR/L′dense ratio and the warm-dust temperature gauged by the 70 μm/100 μm flux ratio. We find that the luminosity ratios of IR/HCN (4–3) and IR/HCO+ (4–3), which can be taken as a proxy for the star formation efficiency (SFE) in the dense molecular gas (SFEdense), appear to be nearly independent of the dense gas fraction (f
dense) for our sample of galaxies. The SFE of the total molecular gas (SFEmol) is found to increase substantially with f
dense when combining our data with those on local (ultra)luminous infrared galaxies and high-z quasars. The mean

line ratio measured for the six targeted galaxies is 0.9 ± 0.6. No significant correlation is found for the

ratio with the star formation rate as traced by L
IR, nor with the warm-dust temperature, for the different populations of galaxies.
Cross-sectional Alignment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Anisotropic Radiation
Authors: Hoang Thiem , Lazarian A. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We study the effect of anisotropic radiation illumination on the alignment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and report that the cross-sectional mechanism of alignment earlier considered in terms of gas–grain interactions can also be efficient for the photon–grain interaction. We demonstrate this by first calculating the angle-dependence rotational damping and excitation coefficients by photon absorption followed by infrared emission. We then calculate the degree of PAH alignment for the different environments and physical parameters, including the illumination direction, ionization fraction, and magnetic field strength. For the reflection nebula (RN) conditions with unidirectional radiation field, we find that the degree of alignment tends to increase with increasing angle ψ between the illumination direction and the magnetic field, as a result of the decrease of the cross section of photon absorption with ψ. We calculate the polarization of spinning PAH emission using the obtained degree of alignment for the different physical parameters, assuming constant grain temperatures. We find that the polarization of spinning PAH emission from RNe can be large, between 5% and 20% at frequencies ν > 20 GHz, whereas the polarization is less than 3% for photodissociation regions. In realistic conditions, the polarization is expected to be lower owing to grain temperature fluctuations and magnetic field geometry. The polarization for the diffuse cold neutral medium is rather low, below 1% at ν > 20 GHz, consistent with observations by WMAP and Planck. Our results demonstrate that the RNe are the favored environment to observe the polarization of spinning dust emission and polarized mid-IR emission from PAHs.