bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards a Sequential One‐Pot Preparation of 1,2,3‐Benzotriazin‐4(3H)‐ones Employing a Key Cp*Co(III)‐catalyzed C−H Amidation Step
Authors: Chirila Paula G. , Skibinski Lauren , Miller Keith , Hamilton Alex , Whiteoak Christopher J. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract1,2,3‐benzotriazin‐4(3H)‐one derivatives have been recognised for their potential application as pesticides and pharmaceuticals and new methodologies for their preparation, starting from readily accessible reagents would therefore be an attractive proposition. A wide range of differently substituted benzamides are readily available, which provide an excellent substrate scaffold for the application of direct C−H functionalization protocols. In this context, herein we report the use of a Cp*Co(III) catalyst for the amidation of these benzamides, using 1,4,2‐dioxazol‐5‐ones as amidating agent. The isolable intermediate 2‐acetamido benzamide products can thereafter be converted to the desired 1,2,3‐benzotriazin‐4(3H)‐one derivatives through the use of tert‐butyl nitrite under mild conditions. It was found to be possible to perform the second step with the crude reaction mixture obtained from the initial C−H amidation step, leading to the overall development of a facile one‐pot procedure for the preparation of a range of substituted 1,2,3‐benzotriazin‐4(3H)‐one derivatives, requiring only 5 hours of reaction time, which is also applicable on a gram scale. In addition, the key Cp*Co(III)‐catalyzed C−H amidation step has been studied by DFT calculations in order to fully elucidate the mechanism.magnified image
Tailoring TiO2 Nanotube‐Interlaced Graphite Carbon Nitride Nanosheets for Improving Visible‐Light‐Driven Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Wang Yang , Liu Xueqin , Zheng Cunchuan , Li Yinchang , Jia Songru , Li Zhen , Zhao Yanli 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRapid recombination of photoinduced electron–hole pairs is one of the major defects in graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4)‐based photocatalysts. To address this issue, perforated ultralong TiO2 nanotube‐interlaced g‐C3N4 nanosheets (PGCN/TNTs) are prepared via a template‐based process by treating g‐C3N4 and TiO2 nanotubes polymerized hybrids in alkali solution. Shortened migration distance of charge transfer is achieved from perforated PGCN/TNTs on account of cutting redundant g‐C3N4 nanosheets, leading to subdued electron–hole recombination. When PGCN/TNTs are employed as photocatalysts for H2 generation, their in‐plane holes and high hydrophilicity accelerate cross‐plane diffusion to dramatically promote the photocatalytic reaction in kinetics and supply plentiful catalytic active centers. By having these unique features, PGCN/TNTs exhibit superb visible‐light H2‐generation activity of 1364 µmol h−1 g−1 (λ > 400 nm) and a notable quantum yield of 6.32% at 420 nm, which are much higher than that of bulk g‐C3N4 photocatalysts. This study demonstrates an ingenious design to weaken the electron recombination in g‐C3N4 for significantly enhancing its photocatalytic capability.
Room‐Temperature Nanoseconds Spin Relaxation in WTe2 and MoTe2 Thin Films
Authors: Wang Qisheng , Li Jie , Besbas Jean , Hsu Chuang‐Han , Cai Kaiming , Yang Li , Cheng Shuai , Wu Yang , Zhang Wenfeng , Wang Kaiyou , Chang Tay‐Rong , Lin Hsin , Chang Haixin , Yang Hyunsoo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe Weyl semimetal WTe2 and MoTe2 show great potential in generating large spin currents since they possess topologically protected spin‐polarized states and can carry a very large current density. In addition, the intrinsic non‐centrosymmetry of WTe2 and MoTe2 endows with a unique property of crystal symmetry‐controlled spin–orbit torques. An important question to be answered for developing spintronic devices is how spins relax in WTe2 and MoTe2. Here, a room‐temperature spin relaxation time of 1.2 ns (0.4 ns) in WTe2 (MoTe2) thin film using the time‐resolved Kerr rotation (TRKR) is reported. Based on ab initio calculation, a mechanism of long‐lived spin polarization resulting from a large spin splitting around the bottom of the conduction band, low electron–hole recombination rate, and suppression of backscattering required by time‐reversal and lattice symmetry operation is identified. In addition, it is found that the spin polarization is firmly pinned along the strong internal out‐of‐plane magnetic field induced by large spin splitting. This work provides an insight into the physical origin of long‐lived spin polarization in Weyl semimetals, which could be useful to manipulate spins for a long time at room temperature.
In Situ One‐Pot Synthesis of MOF–Polydopamine Hybrid Nanogels with Enhanced Photothermal Effect for Targeted Cancer Therapy
Authors: Wang Dongdong , Wu Huihui , Zhou Jiajia , Xu Pengping , Wang Changlai , Shi Ruohong , Wang Haibao , Wang Hui , Guo Zhen , Chen Qianwang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHerein, a simple one‐pot way is designed to prepare a type of multifunctional metal–organic framework (MOF)‐based hybrid nanogels by in situ hybridization of dopamine monomer in the skeleton of MnCo. The resultant hybrid nanoparticles (named as MCP) show enhanced photothermal conversion efficiency in comparison with pure polydopamine or MnCo nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized under a similar method and, therefore, show great potential for photothermal therapy (PTT) in vivo. The MCP NPs are expected to possess T
1 positive magnetic resonance imaging ability due to the high‐spin Mn‐N6 (S = 5/2) in the skeleton of MnCo. To improve the therapy efficiency as a PTT agent, the MCP NPs are further modified with functional polyethylene glycol (PEG) and thiol terminal cyclic arginine–glycine–aspartic acid peptide, respectively: the first one is to increase the stability, biocompatibility, and blood circulation time of MCP NPs in vivo; the second one is to increase the tumor accumulation of MCP‐PEG NPs and improve their therapeutic efficiency as photothermal agent.
Room‐Temperature Carbon Nanotube Single‐Electron Transistors with Mechanical Buckling–Defined Quantum Dots
Authors: Zhang Jian , Liu Siyu , Kong Lingyuan , Nshimiyimana Jean Pierre , Hu Xiao , Chi Xiannian , Wu Pei , Liu Jia , Chu Weiguo , Sun Lianfeng 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSingle‐electron transistors (SETs) have been proposed as a future alternative to conventional Si‐based electronics. However, their practical applications are strongly limited because most SETs operate at cryogenic temperatures. In this work, room temperature operating SETs are successfully fabricated with the realization of a mechanical buckling–defined quantum dot within a suspended and strained single‐walled carbon nanotube. Clear Coulomb oscillations are observed at room temperature due to the Coulomb blockade effect. The Coulomb charging energy is calculated to be 160 meV, which substantially exceeds the thermal energy. At 10 K, the Coulomb staircases are observed in the current–voltage characteristics with an energy level separation ≈29 meV, confirming that the island behaves as a well‐defined quantum dot for the electrons. This device fabrication method may also help future investigations into the electromechanical properties of nanotube quantum systems.
Reducing Trap States in Printed Indium Zinc Oxide Transistors by Doping with Benzyl Viologen
Authors: Kim Hyonwoong , Ng Tse Nga 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAn air‐stable, strongly reducing molecule benzyl viologen (BV) is used to induce charge‐transfer doping of the indium zinc oxide semiconductor in inkjet‐printed thin‐film transistors. The device mobility is improved from 5.8 ± 1.4 cm2 V−1 s−1 in the undoped devices and reached up to 8.7 ± 1.0 cm2 V−1 s−1 after BV treatment. Through measurement of frequency‐dependent admittance and capacitance, this work quantifies the density of interface states and shows that interfacial trap density is four times lower in the BV‐doped transistors compared to undoped devices.
Chemical Doping Effects on CVD‐Grown Multilayer MoSe2 Transistor
Authors: Yoo Hocheon , Hong Seongin , Moon Hyunseong , On Sungmin , Ahn Hyungju , Lee Han‐Koo , Kim Sunkook , Hong Young Ki , Kim Jae‐Joon 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMultilayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) potentially provide opportunities for large‐area electronics, including flexible displays and wearable sensors. However, most TMDs suffer from a Schottky barrier (SB) and nonuniform defects, which severely limit their electrical performances. Here, a novel chemical doping scheme is presented using poly‐(diketopyrrolopyrrole‐terthiophene) (PDPP3T) to compensate the defects and SB of multilayer molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2), exhibiting greatly enhanced electrical characteristics, including on‐current (≈2000‐fold higher) and photoresponsivity (≈10‐fold larger) over the baseline MoSe2 device. Based on comprehensive analysis using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, grazing incidence wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and near‐edge X‐ray absorption of fine structure, it is shown that two mechanisms (dipole‐induced and charge‐transfer doping effects) account for such enhancements in the multilayer MoSe2 device. The methodical generality of the strong n‐doping behavior of multilayer MoSe2 is further demonstrated by applying thiophene instead of PDPP3T.
Effect of Componential Proportion in Bimetallic Electrocatalysts on the Aprotic Lithium‐Oxygen Battery Performance
Authors: Luo Xiangyi , Ge Le , Ma Lu , Kropf Arthur J. , Wen Jianguo , Zuo Xiaobing , Ren Yang , Wu Tianpin , Lu Jun , Amine Khalil 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRechargeable lithium‐oxygen (Li‐O2) batteries are one of the most promising technologies for next‐generation energy storage, which is also a critical part of the future renewable energy portfolio; however, its commercialization is still hindered by several challenges. The high charge overpotential, in particular, not only causes problems by increasing the possibility of electrolyte decomposition but also induces a low round‐trip efficiency and coulombic efficiency. Here, by choosing the right component proportion in Pt‐Cu bimetallic electrocatalysts that optimize electrocatalytic activity of electrochemical reactions, especially of oxygen evolution reactions, a superior electrochemical behavior is demonstrated, with a low charge overpotential of 0.2 V and cycleability of 50 discharge/charge cycles before capacity fading. The optimized Pt‐Cu bimetallic electrocatalysts significantly reduce the charge overpotential and furthermore enhance the efficiency, stability, and cycleability of an aprotic Li‐O2 battery.
A Comprehensive Review on Controlling Surface Composition of Pt‐Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts
Authors: Zhang Bin‐Wei , Yang Hui‐Ling , Wang Yun‐Xiao , Dou Shi‐Xue , Liu Hua‐Kun 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWith increasing energy demands worldwide, significant efforts have been made to develop superior electrocatalysts for efficient energy conversion systems. Among all the electrocatalysts exploited, Pt‐based bimetallic nanomaterials stand out by virtue of their high catalytic activity and relatively low cost due to the introduction of a nonprecious metal component. It should be noted that electrocatalytic reactions only take place on the surface of catalysts, so investigations of the surface composition of Pt‐based bimetallic nanomaterials are necessary for practical electrocatalysts. In this review, recent studies on controlling the surface composition of Pt‐based bimetallic catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction, formic acid electrooxidation, and ethanol electrooxidation are summarized. The controlling strategies, including the chemical method and the electrochemical method, are discussed. The impacts of surface composition compositions on the electrocatalytic performance are also discussed. Finally, the challenges and future directions for controlling the surface composition of Pt‐based bimetallic nanomaterials are addressed.
The “Midas Touch” Transformation of TiO2 Nanowire Arrays during Visible Light Photoelectrochemical Performance by Carbon/Nitrogen Coimplantation
Authors: Song Xianyin , Li Wenqing , He Dong , Wu Hengyi , Ke Zunjian , Jiang Changzhong , Wang Gongming , Xiao Xiangheng 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTitanium dioxide is a promising photoanode material for water oxidation, but it is substantially limited by its poor efficiency in the visible light range. Herein, an innovative carbon/nitrogen coimplantation method is utilized to realize the “Midas touch” transformation of TiO2 nanowire (NW) arrays for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting in visible light. These modified golden–yellow rutile TiO2 NW arrays (C/N‐TiO2) exhibit remarkably enhanced absorption in visible light regions and more efficient charge separation and transfer. As a result, the photocurrent density of carbon/nitrogen co‐implanted TiO2 under visible light (>420 nm) can reach 0.76 mA cm−2, which far exceeds the value of 3 µA cm−2 seen for pristine TiO2 nanowire arrays at 0.8 V versus Ag/AgCl. An incident photon to electron conversion efficiency of ≈14.8% is achieved at 450 nm on C/N‐TiO2 without any other cocatalysts. The ion implantation doping approach, combined with codoping strategies, is proved to be an effective strategy for enhancing the photoelectrochemical conversion and can enable further improvement of the PEC water‐splitting performance of many other semiconductor photoelectrodes.
A Thieno[3,2‐c]Isoquinolin‐5(4H)‐One Building Block for Efficient Thick‐Film Solar Cells
Authors: Li Dan , Xiao Zuo , Wang Shizhe , Geng Xinjian , Yang Shangfeng , Fang Junfeng , Yang Huai , Ding Liming 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAn aromatic lactam acceptor unit, thieno[3,2‐c]isoquinolin‐5(4H)‐one (TIQ), is developed. Compared with its analogues, dithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]pyridin‐5(4H)‐one (DTP) and phenanthridin‐6(5H)‐one (PN), TIQ shows its advantage in constructing donor–acceptor (D–A) copolymers for efficient solar cells. TIQ‐based D–A copolymer PTIQ4TFBT delivers a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.16% in polymer:fullerene solar cells, while those based on DTP and PN copolymers, PDTP4TFBT and PPN4TFBT, afford PCEs around 8.5%. The higher performance of PTIQ4TFBT:PC71BM solar cells originates from enhanced short‐circuit current density (Jsc) and fill factor (FF), because of favorable morphology, less bimolecular recombination, and balanced charge transport in the active layer. Moreover, the performance for PTIQ4TFBT:PC71BM solar cells is less sensitive to active layer thickness than PDTP4TFBT:PC71BM and PPN4TFBT:PC71BM solar cells. Over 8% PCEs can be obtained from PTIQ4TFBT:PC71BM solar cells when the active layer thickness is over 500 nm.
3D Printing Quasi‐Solid‐State Asymmetric Micro‐Supercapacitors with Ultrahigh Areal Energy Density
Authors: Shen Kai , Ding Junwei , Yang Shubin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA 3D printing approach is first developed to fabricate quasi‐solid‐state asymmetric micro‐supercapacitors to simultaneously realize the efficient patterning and ultrahigh areal energy density. Typically, cathode, anode, and electrolyte inks with high viscosities and shear‐thinning rheological behaviors are first prepared and 3D printed individually on the substrates. The 3D printed asymmetric micro‐supercapacitor with interdigitated electrodes exhibits excellent structural integrity, a large areal mass loading of 3.1 mg cm−2, and a wide electrochemical potential window of 1.6 V. Consequently, this 3D printed asymmetric micro‐supercapacitor displays an ultrahigh areal capacitance of 207.9 mF cm−2. More importantly, an areal energy density of 73.9 µWh cm−2 is obtained, superior to most reported interdigitated micro‐supercapacitors. It is believed that the efficient 3D printing strategy can be used to construct various asymmetric micro‐supercapacitors to promote the integration in on‐chip energy storage systems.
Apically Dominant Mechanism for Improving Catalytic Activities of N‐Doped Carbon Nanotube Arrays in Rechargeable Zinc–Air Battery
Authors: Niu Wenhan , Pakhira Srimanta , Marcus Kyle , Li Zhao , Mendoza‐Cortes Jose L. , Yang Yang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in zinc–air batteries (ZABs) require highly efficient, cost‐effective, and stable electrocatalysts as alternatives to high cost and low poison resistant platinum group metals (PGM) catalysts. Although nitrogen‐doped carbon nanotube (NCNT) arrays are now capable of catalyzing ORR efficiently, their hydrophobic surface and base‐growth mode are found to limit the catalytic performance in the practical ZABs. Here, the concept of an apically dominant mechanism in improving the catalytic performance of NCNT by precisely encapsulating CoNi nanoparticles (NPs) within the apical domain of NCNT on the Ni foam (denoted as CoNi@NCNT/NF) is demonstrated. The CoNi@NCNT/NF exhibits a more excellent catalytic performance toward both ORR and OER than that of traditional NCNT derived from the base‐growth method. The ZAB coin cell using CoNi@NCNT/NF as an air electrode shows a peak power density of 127 mW cm−2 with an energy density of 845 Wh kgZn−1 and rechargeability over 90 h, which outperforms the performance of PGM catalysts. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the ORR catalytic performance of the CoNi@NCNT/NF is mainly attributed to the synergetic contributions from NCNT and the apical active sites on NCNT near to CoNi NPs.
Voluntary food labeling: The additive effect of “free from” labels and region of origin
Authors: Grebitus Carola , Peschel Anne O. , Hughner Renée Shaw 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis study analyzes the effect of voluntary food labeling, with focus on genetically modified organisms (GMO), pesticide usage, and region of origin. We focus on Medjool dates because though U.S. production of this crop has rapidly grown in recent years, no research exists related to consumers’ preferences and WTP for this crop. We conducted online choice experiments with a sample of over 1,400 consumers from the U.S. to determine WTP for production and region of origin labeling accounting for simultaneous versus individual labeling. Results indicate consumers prefer dates grown in Arizona over dates not labeled for region of origin. Also, pesticide‐free and GMO‐free dates are preferred, with pesticide‐free having a larger impact on choices. Furthermore, accounting for interactions between these two labels reveals that they can be considered subadditive in that labeling the product with both designations reduces WTP relative to “pesticide‐free” labeling only. [EconLit citations: M31, Q13]
Estimating bilateral market power of processors and retailers in the U.S. beef industry
Authors: Chung Chanjin , Park Seongjin , Lee Jungmin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis paper estimates the full bilateral market power of processors and retailers in the U.S. beef industry. Our full bilateral imperfect competition model allows potential market power exertion from all adjacent upstream and downstream markets of processors and retailers. Empirical results show the presence of market power from processors and retailers in both output and input procurement markets of the U.S. beef industry. Estimates of conjectural elasticities and market power indices suggest that processors’ market power exertion is greater than the exertion of retailers’ market power in the U.S. beef industry. Results of the goodness‐of‐fit statistics indicate that flexible frameworks work better than restrictive models in representing the bilateral market structure. Estimates of market power parameters and market power indices are sensitive to the choice of market structure model as well as functional forms of production function. These findings indicate that any erroneous assumptions on market structure and functional form of production function may result in misleading estimates of market power. [EconLit citations: D43, L11, L13, Q13].
Social capital and the financing performance of farmer cooperatives in Fujian Province, China
Authors: Yu Liyan , Nilsson Jerker 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAlthough social capital is commonly believed to affect cooperative financing, empirical results are sparse. Using data from surveys of members of 60 cooperatives in Fujian province, China, this study shows that social capital is related to cooperative financing performance, interpreted as (1) members’ willingness to provide equity, (2) loans from members and from banks, and (3) cooperatives providing financing services to members. Three dimensions of social capital are identified; external, relational, and cognitive. The findings indicate that Chinese cooperatives obtain bank credit more easily if they have been granted government “honors” and if the chairperson has government contacts (external social capital). Loyal members (relational social capital) are more likely to obtain financial services, such as guarantees for member loans. Cooperatively convinced members (cognitive social capital) are more willing to provide capital. [EconLit citations: A13; P13; Q14].
Consumer preferences for aquaponic produce: Implications from an experimental auction
Authors: Short Gianna , Yue Chengyan , Abbey Marie , Anderson Neil , Phelps Nicholas , Venturelli Paul , Vickers Zata 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAquaponics is the integration of aquaculture and hydroponics to grow fish and plants together in one system. Many producers in the northern United States are attracted to aquaponics for its potential to produce indoors year‐round. However, little is known about consumer preferences for products grown in aquaponic systems. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted an experimental auction to measure the impact of information about production method on consumers’ willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) for lettuce. For most participants, WTP was similar for both aquaponic and soil grown lettuce with overall average bids of $1.47 per 8 ounces and $1.48 per 8 ounces, respectively. Learning how samples were grown (either aquaponic or soil‐grown) rarely changed bids significantly, although on average, participants with environmental group membership lowered their bids for aquaponic lettuce samples. In general, higher frequency shoppers expressed higher average WTP for all types of lettuce. [Q100 Agriculture: General, Q220 Renewable Resources and Conservation: Fishery; Aquaculture]
Liver resection combined with inferior vena cava resection and reconstruction using artificial vascular graft: A literature review
Authors: Tomimaru Yoshito , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Wada Hiroshi , Doki Yuichiro , Mori Masaki , Nagano Hiroaki 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn cases where liver tumors invade the inferior vena cava (IVC), IVC resection along with liver resection may be needed to effect a cure. Furthermore, if the IVC defect is large, IVC reconstruction with vascular graft after resection is required. There are limited reports of cases of IVC reconstruction using a graft. By reviewing data from the literature of previous studies, the present study was aimed at investigating the surgical outcomes of liver resection with IVC resection and reconstruction using an artificial vascular graft. PubMed was searched for previous articles reporting cases with the combined surgery. The search was limited to articles in English, and cases with exceptional surgeries such as in situ cold perfusion, and ante situm and ex vivo techniques were excluded from this study. Surgical outcomes of the extracted cases were investigated. Cases dealt only with primary closure after IVC resection, and those in which the IVC tumor thrombus was treated by opening the IVC wall, removing the thrombus and then closing the IVC without wall excision were not included in this study. The literature search identified 13 studies, including 111 cases. Operative mortality in the reported cases was 8.1% (9 out of 111 cases). Thrombus in the artificial vascular graft was observed in two cases, and patency of the graft during the follow‐up period was confirmed in 109 of the 111 cases (98.2%). These results suggested that the surgical outcomes of liver resection combined with IVC resection and reconstruction using the artificial vascular graft were favorable.