bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One British Thing: A Bottle of Welfare Orange Juice, c. 1961–1971
Authors: Durbach Nadja 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis essay inaugurates a new series in the Journal of British Studies titled “One British Thing.” This short essay uses a bottle of welfare orange juice distributed sometime between 1961 and 1971 to tell a larger story about the relationship between Britain's Welfare State and the colonization and decolonization of the British West Indies. The history of the Welfare State has largely been told as a metropolitan story severed from a wider global history of empire. The empty bottle of concentrated orange juice, however, tells a different story. It exposes Britain's own dependency on its colonial subjects to provide the means of furnishing welfare benefits to its metropolitan citizens. The history of welfare orange juice thus opens up a richer understanding of the politics and economics of the Welfare State and its relationship to colonial development projects on the one hand and the slow processes of decolonization on the other.
Judicial review and the future of UK development assistance: On the Application of O v Secretary of State for International Development (2014)
Authors: Harrington John , Manji Ambreena 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this paper we explore a case for judicial review brought against the Secretary of State for International Development by an Ethiopian national, Mr O. The claimant alleged that the Department for International Development (DfID) had failed adequately to assess evidence of human rights violations in Ethiopia to which funds provided by DfID had contributed. Warby J ruled that the claim merited a full hearing. DfID is unaccustomed to judicial review: the O case is the first time since the 1995 Pergau Dam case that UK development aid has been reviewed by the courts. We study Warby J's judgment and its implications for accountabiity for aid decisions. We argue that both the wider context for aid and the legal framework governing development assistance have changed significantly in the 20 or so years since Pergau. In particular, we show that despite the UK's new legal commitment, made in 2015, to spend 0.7% of gross national income (GNI) on official development assistance, the existing mechanisms for scrutinising aid decisions are inadequate. We argue that there is an accountability gap in relation to the UK's now considerable development spending and explore the role of judicial review in this context.
Institutional Forces and Environmental Management Strategy: Moderating Effects of Environmental Orientation and Innovation Capability
Authors: Kang Yuanfei , He Xinming 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTWe examine the mechanisms through which firm capabilities moderate the impact of institutional forces upon firms’ adoption of environmental management strategy (EMS). Viewing the limitations of the institutional perspective in explaining the heterogeneity in firms’ EMS, we suggest that an important source of variation is the idiosyncratic capabilities of the firm in acquiring and allocating resources. Based on the strategic response theme of institutional theory and the resource-based view, we argue that the influence of institutional forces on EMS is contingent on the presence of environmental orientation and innovation capability. Using data collected from China, we test these notions. Our empirical results suggest that both environmental orientation and innovation capability positively moderate the effect of institutional forces on firm's EMS. By demonstrating how institutional forces and firm capabilities interact with each other, we enhance our understanding of how firms succeed in developing EMS.
Engaging with Identity Politics in Canadian Political Science
Authors: Bernhardt Nicole S. , Pin Laura G. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis paper critiques the deployment of the term “identity politics” in Canadian political science. Through a critical discourse analysis (CDA) of research articles in leading English language academic journals in the Canadian social sciences, we examine whose politics are labelled identity politics and what intellectual work transpires through this label. Identity politics tends to be applied to scholarship that foregrounds analyses of ethnicity, race and gender, but with a lack of analytical rigour, indicating a degree of conceptual looseness. Moreover, the designation identity politics is not neutral; it is often mobilized as a rhetorical device to distance authors from scholarship that foregrounds analyses of ethnicity, race and gender, and to inscribe a materialist/culturalist divide in claims-making. We argue that the effect of this demarcation of identity from politics is to control the boundaries of political discourse, limiting who and what gains entry into the political. This serves to reassert an exclusionary conception of Canadian identity.
A graptolite-rich Ordovician–Silurian boundary section in the south-central Pyrenees, Spain: stratigraphical and palaeobiogeographical significance
Authors: ŠTORCH PETR , BERNAL JOSEP ROQUÉ , GUTIÉRREZ-MARCO JUAN CARLOS 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAn Ordovician–Silurian boundary section marked by an uninterrupted, relatively high rate of black shale sedimentation and abundant, diverse graptolites is described from the south-central Pyrenees. The structurally simple Estana section comprises the uppermost part of the quartzite-dominated Bar Formation and overlying black shales of late Hirnantian and early Rhuddanian age, which have been dated by graptolites to the upperMetabolograptus persculptusand lower–middleAkidograptus ascensus–Parakidograptus acuminatusbiozones. Due to the absence ofM. persculptus, aMetabolograptus parvulusBiozone correlative with the upper part of thepersculptusBiozone is recognized below the lowest occurrence of akidograptids, which indicate the base of the Silurian System. The graptolite fauna comprise 27 species includingNormalograptus minor,N. lubricus,N. rhizinus,Hirsutograptus,Korenograptus bifurcus,K. bicaudatus, K. lanphereiandNd. shanchongensis, most of which were formerly considered to be endemic to the low-latitude palaeobiogeographical province of China, Siberia and northern North America. Two new species,N. baridaensisandN. ednae, are described. The succession of graptolite assemblages in the Estana section, and occurrence of several cosmopolitan taxa in itsparvulusand lowerascensus–acuminatusbiozones that are unknown elsewhere in peri-Gondwanan Europe, suggest that strata immediately surrounding the Ordovician–Silurian boundary may be absent, highly condensed or oxic and barren of graptolites in other sections of northwestern peri-Gondwana. Common graptolite synrhabdosomes and abnormal rhabdosomes may indicate some environmental stress in theparvulusBiozone, although the rather uniform black shale lithology, total organic carbon content andδ13Corgvalues suggest uninterrupted sedimentation under stable, anoxic conditions.
Is There Progress in Philosophy? The Case for Taking History Seriously
Authors: Slezak Peter P. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn response to widespread doubts among professional philosophers (Russell, Horwich, Dietrich, McGinn, Chalmers), Stoljar argues for a ‘reasonable optimism’ about progress in philosophy. He defends the large and surprising claim that ‘there is progress on all or reasonably many of the big questions’. However, Stoljar's caveats and admitted avoidance of historical evidence permits overlooking persistent controversies in philosophy of mind and cognitive science that are essentially unchanged since the 17thCentury. Stoljar suggests that his claims are commonplace in philosophy departments and, indeed, the evidence I adduce constitutes an indictment of the widely shared view among professional analytic philosophers.
Fear of Falling in Older Adults with Diabetes Mellitus: The IMIAS Study
Authors: Hewston Patricia , Garcia Angeles , Alvarado Beatriz , Deshpande Nandini 
Published: June 2018

RÉSUMÉPlusieurs déterminants associés au développement de la peur de tomber (PT) coïncident avec les conséquences du diabète sucré (DS). Nous avons comparé la prévalence et la sévérité de la PT chez des personnes âgées avec et sans DS, et avons identifié quels déterminants de la PT contribuent à la sévérité de la PT chez les aînés avec DS. Des données de base canadiennes provenant de l’étude ‘International Mobility in Aging Study’ (IMIAS) ont été utilisées. Cent quarante-et-un adultes âgés avec DS ont été identifiés (groupe DS; âge: 68.88±2.80 ans), et 620 ont été classés sans DS (groupe sans DS; âge: 68.81±2.68 ans). La PT a été quantifiée avec l’échelle Falls Efficacy Scale–International (FES-I). Les déterminants de la PT ont été évalués en fonction de variables démographiques liées à la santé, ainsi que selon des variables physiques, psychologiques et sociales. Une préoccupation élevée pour la PT était particulièrement prévalente et sévère pour 10/16 activités FES-I dans le groupe DS, comparativement au groupe sans DS. Une PT plus grave dans le groupe DS était associée à une mauvaise condition physique, au sexe féminin, à un historique de chute et à des symptômes dépressifs. Le développement de protocoles pour le dépistage et d’interventions permettraient de réduire la gravité de la PT dans cette population.
Crop productivity and adaptation to climate change in Pakistan
Authors: Gorst Ashley , Dehlavi Ali , Groom Ben 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe effectiveness of adaptation strategies is crucial for reducing the costs of climate change. Using plot-level data from a specifically designed survey conducted in Pakistan, we investigate the productive benefits for farmers who adapt to climate change. The impact of implementing on-farm adaptation strategies is estimated separately for two staple crops: wheat and rice. We employ propensity score matching and endogenous switching regressions to account for the possibility that farmers self-select into adaptation. Estimated productivity gains are positive and significant for rice farmers who adapted, but negligible for wheat. Counterfactual gains for non-adapters were significantly positive, which is potentially a sign of transactions costs to adaptation. Other factors associated with adaptation were formal credit and extension, underscoring the importance of addressing institutional and informational constraints that inhibit farmers from improving their farming practices. The findings provide evidence for the Pakistani Planning and Development Department's ongoing assessment of climate-related agricultural losses.
Implementing Document Automation: Benefits and Considerations for the Knowledge Professional
Authors: Lankester Robert 
Published: June 2018

AbstractKnowledge professionals are often responsible for document automation projects in law firms and in-house legal departments. This article by Robert Lankester is written to provide insight for a wide range of knowledge professionals (in fact anyone curious about document automation), from those for whom it is a new concept to the experienced document automation specialist. First is a discussion of what document automation is (and is not), and the benefits for knowledge management (KM). The main focus of the article is guidance on project implementation, with a specific focus on resourcing. Specific tips for preparing a document for automation and alternative project ideas are included. The article concludes that document automation is a powerful tool for internal knowledge development, enabling deeper collaboration with clients and changing the way legal services are delivered. Resourcing document automation can be approached in a number of ways but whatever the approach, the key is to ensure that business engagement is appropriately catered for.
Subsurface Structure of Long Valley Caldera Imaged With Seismic Scattering and Intrinsic Attenuation
Authors: Prudencio J. , Manga M. , Taira T. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe image seismic intrinsic () and scattering () attenuations in Long Valley Caldera, California, by analyzing more than 1,700 vertical component waveforms from local earthquakes. Observed energy envelopes are fit to the diffusion model and seismic attenuation images are produced using two‐dimensional space weighting functions. Low intrinsic and low scattering attenuation anomalies in the center south of the caldera correspond to the location of an earthquake swarm in 2014. We identify high intrinsic and high scattering attenuation anomalies in the fluid‐rich western and eastern areas of the caldera. From a comparison with other geophysical images (magnetotellurics and seismic tomography) we attribute these anomalies to a hydrothermal system (high attenuation). Average to high attenuation values are also observed at the adjacent Mammoth Mountain (southwest of the caldera) and may also have a hydrothermal origin. High intrinsic attenuation at low frequencies to the west of the Hartley Springs Fault may be produced by the magmatic system that produced the Inyo Craters. Seismic attenuation imaging provides insights into subsurface structures that are complementary to velocity and conductivity images.
Atmospheric Boundary Layer Classification With Doppler Lidar
Authors: Manninen A. J. , Marke T. , Tuononen M. , O'Connor E. J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe present a method using Doppler lidar data for identifying the main sources of turbulent mixing within the atmospheric boundary layer. The method identifies the presence of turbulence and then assigns a turbulent source by combining several lidar quantities: attenuated backscatter coefficient, vertical velocity skewness, dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy, and vector wind shear. Both buoyancy‐driven and shear‐driven situations are identified, and the method operates in both clear‐sky and cloud‐topped conditions, with some reservations in precipitation. To capture the full seasonal cycle, the classification method was applied to more than 1 year of data from two sites, Hyytiälä, Finland, and Jülich, Germany. Analysis showed seasonal variation in the diurnal cycle at both sites; a clear diurnal cycle was observed in spring, summer, and autumn seasons, but due to their respective latitudes, a weaker cycle in winter at Jülich, and almost non‐existent at Hyytiälä. Additionally, there are significant contributions from sources other than convective mixing, with cloud‐driven mixing being observed even within the first 500 m above ground. Also evident is the considerable amount of nocturnal mixing within the lowest 500 m at both sites, especially during the winter. The presence of a low‐level jet was often detected when sources of nocturnal mixing were diagnosed as wind shear. The classification scheme and the climatology extracted from the classification provide insight into the processes responsible for mixing within the atmospheric boundary layer, how variable in space and time these can be, and how they vary with location.
A Physically Based Daily Simulation of the Glacier‐Dominated Hydrology of the Copper River Basin, Alaska
Authors: Van Beusekom Ashley E. , Viger Roland J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe large, highly glacierized Copper River basin is an important water resource for the south‐central region of Alaska. Thus, information is needed on the reaction of its hydrologic timing and streamflow volumes to historical changes in climate, in order to assess the possible impact of future changes. However, the basin is remote, and therefore, it has proved difficult to collect field data in a frequent temporal and spatial manner. An extension of the distributed‐parameter, physical‐process code Precipitation Runoff Modeling System, PRMSglacier, has been specifically developed to simulate daily hydrology without requiring extensive input data. In this study, PRMSglacier was used to characterize the hydrology of the Copper River basin from 1959 to 2015. The basin was split into subbasins for specific regional climatic calibrations and finer resolution characterization. The model was calibrated and performed well against data of glacier mass balance, glacier area change, snow cover, gaged streamflow, evapotranspiration, and solar radiation. Ice melt contributed 26% of the total basin streamflow, with differences temporally from climate oscillations. Furthermore, differences were seen geographically in subbasins depending on the state of the glaciers in each subbasin. Decreasing trends in ice melt volume were mostly seen on smaller steeper glaciers responding to a critical level of glacier recession, while increasing trends in ice melt volume were mostly seen on larger valley glaciers responding to increasing temperature. The areas with substantially decreasing ice melt had decreasing streamflow, possibly indicating health concerns for the ecosystems therein.
A Quantitative Hydrological Climate Classification Evaluated With Independent Streamflow Data
Authors: Knoben Wouter J. M. , Woods Ross A. , Freer Jim E. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractClassification is essential in the study of natural systems, yet hydrology has no formal way to structure the climatic forcing that underlies hydrologic response. Various climate classification systems can be borrowed from other disciplines but these are based on different organizing principles than a hydrological classification might need. This work presents a hydrologically informed way to quantify global climates, explicitly addressing the shortcomings in earlier climate classifications. In this work, causal factors (climate) and hydrologic response (streamflow) are separated, meaning that our classification scheme is based only on climatic information and can be evaluated with independent streamflow data. Using gridded global climate data, we calculate three dimensionless indices per grid cell, describing annual aridity, aridity seasonality, and precipitation‐as‐snow. We use these indices to create several climate groups and define the membership degree of 1,103 catchments to each of the climate groups, based on each catchment's climate. Streamflow patterns within each group tend to be similar, and tend to be different between groups. Visual comparison of flow regimes and Wilcoxon two‐sample statistical tests on 16 streamflow signatures show that this index‐based approach is more effective than the often‐used Köppen‐Geiger classification for grouping hydrologically similar catchments. Climate forcing exerts a strong control on typical hydrologic response and we show that at the global scale both change gradually in space. We argue that hydrologists should consider the hydroclimate as a continuous spectrum defined by the three climate indices, on which all catchments are positioned and show examples of this in a regionalization context.
Unsurprising Surprises: The Frequency of Record‐breaking and Overthreshold Hydrological Extremes Under Spatial and Temporal Dependence
Authors: Serinaldi Francesco , Kilsby Chris G. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRecord‐breaking (RB) events are the highest or lowest values assumed by a given variable, such as temperature and precipitation, since the beginning of the observation period. Research in hydroclimatic fluctuations and their link with this kind of extreme events recently renewed the interest in RB events. However, empirical analyses of RB events usually rely on statistical techniques based on too restrictive hypotheses such as independent and identically distributed (i/id) random variables or nongeneral numerical methods. In this study, we propose some exact distributions along with accurate approximations describing the occurrence probability of RB and peak‐over‐threshold (POT) events under general spatiotemporal dependence, which enable analyses based on more appropriate assumptions. We show that (i) the Poisson binomial distribution is the exact distribution of the number of RB events underi/id, (ii) equivalent binomial distributions are accurate approximations underi/id, (iii) beta‐binomial distributions provide the exact distribution of POT occurrences under spatiotemporal dependence, and (iv) equivalent beta‐binomial distributions provide accurate approximations for the distribution of RB occurrences under spatiotemporal dependence. To perform numerical validations, we also introduce a generator of spatially and temporally correlated binary processes, called BetaBitST. As examples of application, we study RB and POT occurrences for monthly precipitation and temperature over the conterminous United States and reanalyze Mauna Loa daily temperature data. Results show that accounting for spatiotemporal dependence yields strikingly different conclusions, making the observed frequencies of RB and POT events much less surprising than expected and calling into question previous results reported in the literature.
Universal geometric frustration in pyrochlores
Authors: Trump B. A. , Koohpayeh S. M. , Livi K. J. T. , Wen J.-J. , Arpino K. E. , Ramasse Q. M. , Brydson R. , Feygenson M. , Takeda H. , Takigawa M. , Kimura K. , Nakatsuji S. , Broholm C. L. , McQueen T. M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMaterials with the pyrochlore/fluorite structure have diverse technological applications, from magnetism to nuclear waste disposal. Here we report the observation of structural instability present in the pyrochlores A2Zr2O6Oʹ (A = Pr, La) and Yb2Ti2O6Oʹ, that exists despite ideal stoichiometry, ideal cation-ordering, the absence of lone pair effects, and a lack of magnetic order. Though these materials appear to have good long-range order, local structure probes find displacements, of the order of 0.01 nm, within the pyrochlore framework. The pattern of displacements of the A2Oʹ sublattice mimics the entropically-driven fluxional motions characteristic of and well-known in the silica mineral β-cristobalite. The universality of such displacements within the pyrochlore structure adds to the known structural diversity and explains the extreme sensitivity to composition found in quantum spin ices and the lack of ferroelectric behavior in pyrochlores.
A biomimetic chiral-driven ionic gate constructed by pillar[6]arene-based host–guest systems
Authors: Sun Yue , Zhang Fan , Quan Jiaxin , Zhu Fei , Hong Wei , Ma Junkai , Pang Huan , Sun Yao , Tian Demei , Li Haibing 
Published: June 2018

AbstractInspired by glucose-sensitive ion channels, herein we describe a biomimetic glucose-enantiomer-driven ion gate via the introduction of the chiral pillar[6]arene-based host–guest systems into the artificial nanochannels. The chiral nanochannels show a high chiral-driven ionic gate for glucose enantiomers and can be switched “off” by d-glucose and be switched “on” by l-glucose. Remarkably, the chiral nanochannel also exhibited a good reversibility toward glucose enantiomers. Further research indicates that the switching behaviors differed due to the differences in binding strength between chiral pillar[6]arene and glucose enantiomers, which can lead to the different surface charge within nanochannel. Given these promising results, the studies of chiral-driven ion gates may not only give interesting insight for the research of biological and pathological processes caused by glucose-sensitive ion channels, but also help to understand the origin of the high stereoselectivity in life systems.