bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comorbidity in psoriatic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Sinnathurai Premarani , Buchbinder Rachelle , Hill Catherine , Lassere Marissa , March Lyn 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundComorbid conditions are common and impact outcomes in people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but less data are available for psoriatic arthritis (PsA).AimsTo describe baseline demographics and prevalence of comorbidities in participants with PsA in an Australian cohort using data from the Australian Rheumatology Association Database (ARAD) and to compare the prevalence of comorbidities in ARAD participants with PsA with those with RA.MethodsARAD is a voluntary national registry for inflammatory arthritis. Data, including demographic details, medication use, history of comorbid medical illnesses and patient‐reported outcomes, all self‐reported, were extracted from questionnaires completed at the time of database enrolment for participants with PsA and RA. Demographic information and prevalence of comorbidities were summarised using descriptive statistics. Prevalence of comorbidities in PsA and RA were compared using logistic regression, adjusting for age, gender, disease duration, education, employment and prednisone use.ResultsThere were 490 participants with PsA, 59.2% female, mean (standard deviation (SD)) age 50.4 (21.1) years and disease duration 16.4 (9.7) years, and 57.8% reported having two or more comorbidities. Hypertension (38.2%) and depression (35.9%) were the most common. Compared with RA, participants with PsA had greater odds of depression (adjusted OR (95% CI): 2.1 (1.7–2.6)), hypertension (1.7 (1.4–2.1)), hyperlipidaemia (2.0 (1.6–2.5)), diabetes (2.2 (1.6–3.0)) and a history of ischaemic heart disease (2.0 (1.3–2.9)).ConclusionsHigh rates of comorbidity were found in ARAD participants with PsA. The prevalence of depression, cardiovascular risk factors and other comorbidities were higher in PsA than RA participants in our Australian cohort.
Philosophy of too much medicine conference report
Authors: Uusitalo Susanne , Howick Jeremy 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMedical scientists have expressed scepticism about whether philosophy is relevant to medicine. We challenged this in a conference on the topic of “too much medicine” (TMM) held in Oxford in April 2017. The topic of TMM provided an opportunity to bring the two disciplines together because of its history both in philosophy and in medicine. We found that the collaboration between the two disciplines was fruitful when two conditions were met. First, both disciplines had to avoid discipline‐specific jargon. Second, each discipline had to engage with the other. Specifically, medical scientists had to engage with some philosophical literature, and philosophers had to “get their hands dirty with data.” In this conference report, we provide an overview of our discussions and summarize the other papers in the series.
A Model of Monetary Policy Shocks for Financial Crises and Normal Conditions
Authors: KEATING JOHN W. , KELLY LOGAN J. , SMITH A. LEE , VALCARCEL VICTOR J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDeteriorating economic conditions in late 2008 led the Federal Reserve to lower the target federal funds rate to near zero, inject liquidity through novel facilities, and engage in large‐scale asset purchases. The combination of conventional and unconventional policy measures prevents using the effective federal funds rate to assess the effects of monetary policy beyond 2008. We employ a broad monetary aggregate to elicit the effects of monetary policy shocks both before and after 2008. Our estimates align well with major changes in the Fed's asset purchase programs and yield responses that are free from price, output, and liquidity puzzles that plague other approaches.
Social Class Divergence in Family Transitions: The Importance of Cohabitation
Authors: Rackin Heather M. , Gibson‐Davis Christina M. 
Published: July 2018

Objective: This study examined trends in familial transitions by maternal education and whether transitions rose because of changes in prevalence (the share of children exposed to a relationship state, either marriage or cohabitation) or churning (the number of entrances and exits conditional on being exposed to a relationship state).Background: Children's experiences of transitions, an important predictor of well‐being, have leveled off in recent decades. Plateauing in transitions may reflect heterogeneity by socioeconomic status.Method: Data came from the National Survey of Family Growth on firstborn children observed from ages 0 to 5 among mothers aged 15 to 34 at the time of the child's birth (N = 7,265). Kitagawa methods decomposed changes in transitions into those attributable to changes in prevalence and churning. Analyses were conducted separately by maternal education.Results: Children born to lower and moderately educated women experienced an increase in transitions because cohabitation increased in prevalence rather than a change in the number of exits and entrances from cohabiting unions. Among this disadvantaged group, children exposed to cohabitation experienced much more churning than children exposed to marriage. Children born to mothers with a 4‐year degree did not experience an increase in transitions and predominantly experienced stable parental marriages.Conclusion: Transitions only plateaued for children born to highly educated mothers, whereas transitions rose for less‐advantaged children. Transitions appear to be another aspect of early family life experiences that contributes to diverging destinies.
Differences in drug quality between South Africa and Germany
Authors: Lehmann Andreas , Hofsäss Martin , Dressman Jennifer 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Objectives
To examine differences in drug product quality between products marketed in developed countries and in developing countries.

Methods
The quality of drug products marketed in both Germany and South Africa by the same pharmaceutical company was compared. A fixed-dose combination tablet containing amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and mometasone furoate nasal spray were selected to represent generic medicines requiring prescriptions, while skin lightening products (legally obtained and/or confiscated) were selected to represent pharmaceutical products that are available without a prescription. Pharmacopoeial tests included assay, content uniformity, and where applicable, dissolution in addition to a visual examination of the packaging.

Key findings
Some differences between the product marketed in Germany and in South Africa were detected for the amoxicillin tablet formulations, although all samples still complied with regulatory requirements. The mometasone nasal spray product marketed in South Africa delivered a higher dose than was declared on the label. The composition of the skin lightening products conformed qualitatively with labelling, but in some South African samples alarmingly high amounts of hydroquinone were found.

Conclusions
Important differences in quality were detected between some German and South African products. To preclude drug products of poor or doubtful quality from entering the market in South Africa, countermeasures are needed.
Molecular markers for phylogenetic applications derived from comparative plastome analysis of Prunus species
Authors: Kim Hyoung Tae , Kim Jung Sung , Lee You Mi , Mun Jeong‐Hwan , Kim Joo‐Hwan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractInterspecific and intergeneric relationships of Prunus s.l. are still unclear due to low levels of genetic variation among species, and resulting partially unresolved phylogenetic inferences. Here we sequenced and compared six complete plastomes from two subgenera of Prunus in order to choose molecular markers to increase the amount of genetic variation suitable for inference of Prunus phylogeny. The plastomes range between 157 817 and 158 995 bp in length, and we found different levels of inverted repeat (IR) contraction among the three sampled subgenera of Prunus s.l. Most regions in Prunus plastomes considered individually provide low phylogenetic resolution at the subgenus or species level compared to a tree constructed using all 78 coding regions combined. We compared levels of variation among 206 coding regions and noncoding (intergenic and intron) plastid regions and inferred phylogenies from each region considered individually. We then chose using two regions together for future studies of relationships in Prunus, ycf1 and trnT‐L, that display high to moderate levels of variation among coding and intergenic regions, respectively, and that individually permit inference of resolved species‐level trees in Prunus with moderate to strong branch support. Considered together, these two regions allow inference of the same topology of Prunus inferred using all coding plastid regions combined, with comparable levels of tree support to the full plastome set. These two loci should therefore be useful as a plastid phylogenetic marker set for further inference of relationships within Prunus s.l.
Eye movements in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder: High antisaccade error rate reflects prefrontal cortex dysfunction
Authors: Hanuška Jaromír , Rusz Jan , Bezdicek Ondrej , Ulmanová Olga , Bonnet Cecilia , Dušek Petr , Ibarburu Veronika , Nikolai Tomáš , Sieger Tomáš , Šonka Karel , Růžička Evžen 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAbnormalities of eye movements have been reported in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, it is unclear if they occur in the prodromal stage of synucleinopathy represented by idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (iRBD). We thus aimed to study eye movements in subjects with iRBD and in de novo PD, to assess if their abnormalities may serve as a clinical biomarker of neurodegeneration. Fifty subjects with polysomnography‐confirmed iRBD (46 male, age 40–79 years), 18 newly diagnosed, untreated PD patients (13 male, age 43–75 years) and 25 healthy controls (20 male, age 42–79 years) were prospectively enrolled. Horizontal and vertical ocular prosaccades and antisaccades were investigated with video‐oculography. All patients completed the MDS‐UPDRS and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. In addition, a neuropsychological battery was performed on iRBD subjects. When compared with healthy controls, both de novo PD patients and iRBD subjects showed increased error rates in the horizontal antisaccade task (p < 0.01, p < 0.05 respectively). In the iRBD group, the error rates in horizontal and vertical antisaccades correlated with performances in the Prague Stroop Test and the Grooved Pegboard Test, as well as with motor scores of the MDS‐UPDRS. De novo PD patients showed a lower gain (p < 0.01) compared with controls. In conclusion, the increased error rate in the antisaccade task of iRBD and PD patients reflects a dysfunction of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and is related to the impairment of executive functions and attention.
Is There a Case for Intergenerational Transmission of Female Labour Force Participation and Educational Attainment? Evidence From Greece During The Crisis
Authors: Papapetrou Evangelia , Tsalaporta Pinelopi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe paper investigates the intergenerational transmission of female educational attainment and the intergenerational transmission of labour force participation in Greece, in 2011. Results show that parental educational background, and especially maternal, is identified as a key determinant of women's high level of educational achievement. A wife's labour force participation decision is related to her husband's mother's and mother's participation, and even more strongly related to her own level of educational achievement along with the number of children in the household. The labour force participation of the mother of the husband is more important than that of the woman's own mother, indicating a strong transmission of the husband's cultural model. Results point to the presence of heterogeneity of cultural transmission of female labour supply conditional on household income.
Dealing with the consequences of exchange rate misalignments for macroeconomic adjustments in the EMU
Authors: Duwicquet Vincent , Mazier Jacques , Saadaoui Jamel 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe euro crisis sheds light on the nature of alternative adjustment mechanisms in the EMU. This article examines the exchange rate misalignments within the euro zone, using a FEER approach. To explore the consequences of these misalignments, we use an open economy SFC model with endogenous interest rates and Eurobonds. Facing a competitiveness loss in southern countries due to misalignments, three sets of alternative economic policy are investigated: a policy‐mix based on tax rebates to improve competitiveness; an increase in intra‐European financing by banks of northern countries; and an issuance of Eurobonds to pool European sovereign debt.
Roadway Asset Inspection Sampling Using High‐Dimensional Clustering and Locality‐Sensitivity Hashing
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Liu Xiaoyue Cathy 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA high‐dimensional clustering‐based sampling method for roadway asset condition inspection is proposed in this study. The method complements existing literature by selecting sample roadway segments that contain multiple types of assets (e.g., signage, shoulder work, pavement marking, etc.) for the accurate estimation of their respective level of maintenance (LOMs). This is consistent with the standard maintenance procedure as inspection activities are often conducted on roadway segment basis. The proposed method consists of three components: current condition estimation, similarity matrix construction, and stratification. Current condition estimation predicts assets’ “current condition” by considering historical inspection records. Similarity matrix construction represents the core piece of the sampling framework, which employs locality‐sensitive hashing algorithm to define the similarity between segments. The stratification process is implemented with spectral clustering, which assigns segments into clusters based on the similarity matrix. The proposed method outperforms simple random sampling, which is widely used in practice, especially under the circumstances where LOM varies greatly across assets. The main highlight of the proposed method is the ability to select sample segments with multiple types of assets that are representative of their respective LOMs of the full inventory, which directly translates into an efficient maintenance activity management. The method is implemented using asset inspection records in the state of Utah from September, 2014 to March 2016. It represents a potentially useful tool for agencies to effectively conduct asset inspection and can be easily adopted for choosing samples containing multiple features.
An important role for periplasmic storage inPseudomonas aeruginosacopper homeostasis revealed by a combined experimental and computational modeling study
Authors: Parmar Jignesh H. , Quintana Julia , Ramírez David , Laubenbacher Reinhard , Argüello José M. , Mendes Pedro 
Published: July 2018

SummaryBiological systems require precise copper homeostasis enabling metallation of cuproproteins while preventing metal toxicity. In bacteria, sensing, transport, and storage molecules act in coordination to fulfill these roles. However, there is not yet a kinetic schema explaining the system integration. Here, we report a model emerging from experimental and computational approaches that describes the dynamics of copper distribution inPseudomonas aeruginosa. Based on copper uptake experiments, a minimal kinetic model describes well the copper distribution in the wild‐type bacteria but is unable to explain the behavior of the mutant strain lacking CopA1, a key Cu+efflux ATPase. The model was expanded through an iterative hypothesis‐driven approach, arriving to a mechanism that considers the induction of compartmental pools and the parallel function of CopA and Cus efflux systems. Model simulations support the presence of a periplasmic copper storage with a crucial role under dyshomeostasis conditions inP. aeruginosa. Importantly, the model predicts not only the interplay of periplasmic and cytoplasmic pools but also the existence of a threshold in the concentration of external copper beyond which cells lose their ability to control copper levels.
Conflict and Decision‐Making: Attributional and Emotional Influences
Authors: Hurt Kevin J. , Welbourne Jennifer 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThere is general consensus among conflict scholars that cognitive conflict's impact within the organization is functional, whereas affective conflict's impact is dysfunctional. Inconsistent findings in the literature suggest that additional factors impact these relationships. In this study, we integrate theories of conflict, affect, and attribution within the domain of decision‐making to gain a greater understanding of how and why organizational conflicts are at times positive, negative, or neutral. Specifically, we posit that the conclusions individuals reach as a result of their attributions, and their subsequent emotions and behavioral responses, play a significant role in determining conflict's effects. We apply theories of team‐level emotional convergence to propose how the individual emotional responses of team members may converge into a collective emotional response at the team level. Finally, we propose that the team‐level emotional responses initiated by the attribution process are significant moderators of the relationship between conflict type and decision outcomes.
Secondhand smoke during the periconceptional period increases the risk for orofacial clefts in offspring
Authors: Pi Xin , Li Zhiwen , Jin Lei , Liu Jufen , Zhang Yali , Zhang Le , Wang Linlin , Ren Aiguo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundTo examine whether exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) during the periconceptional period among nonsmoking women is associated with an increased risk for orofacial clefts (OFCs) in offspring in a population with low rates of maternal active smoking but high rates of SHS exposure.MethodsWe recruited 240 women with OFC‐affected pregnancies and 1420 women who delivered healthy infants from a population‐based case‐control study in northern China during 2002 and 2016. Data including self‐reported SHS exposure were collected by trained health care workers through face‐to‐face interviews. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to estimate the association between SHS exposure and OFC risk.ResultsThe unadjusted ORs for OFCs and cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL±P) in association with SHS exposure were both 1.6 (95% CI 1.2, 2.1). After adjusting for maternal fever or flu, farming occupation, infant sex, and history of pregnancy affected by birth defects, the adjusted ORs were both 1.6 (95% CI 1.2, 2.2). Frequent SHS exposure (>6 times/week) was associated with an even higher risk for OFCs (adjusted OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.8, 3.8) and for CL±P (adjusted OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.7, 3.7).ConclusionsMaternal SHS exposure during the periconceptional period increases the risk for OFCs in offspring among nonsmoking mothers.
Managing Racial Diversity: Matching Internal Strategies with Environmental Needs
Authors: Amirkhanyan Anna A. , Holt Stephen B. , McCrea Austin M. , Meier Kenneth J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAlthough demographic diversity has been of paramount concern to researchers and practitioners in public management, studies exploring managerial strategies to capitalize on and respond to the needs of diverse client populations are scarce. This article examines strategies for managing diversity as a way to buffer environmental challenges in service delivery and performance resulting from heterogeneous client demands. Findings suggest that administrators prioritize diversity efforts when faced with higher levels of regulatory violations (a performance measure). A higher percentage of black residents is associated with lower service quality. However, the effect of managerial strategies for diversity on performance is conditioned by the racial composition of the clients: as the percentage of black nursing home residents increases, diversity management efforts are associated with a lower number of regulatory violations. Similarly, at higher levels of racial heterogeneity, diversity management efforts are associated with fewer regulatory violations.
Effect of bandaging techniques on sub‐bandage pressures in the equine distal limb, carpus, and tarsus
Authors: Canada Nathan C. , Beard Warren L. , Guyan Megan E. , White Brad J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the influence of 3 types of bandages on sub‐bandage pressures over the distal limb, carpus, and tarsus.Study designObservational study.AnimalsEight healthy horses.MethodsEach of the 6 following bandages was applied on each horse in randomized order: (1) distal limb compression bandage (DLC), (2) double layer bandage (DL), (3) inner sanctum bandage (IS), (4) carpal compression bandage (CC), (5) tarsal compression bandage (TC), and (6) adhesive elastic carpal bandage (C‐ELA). Sub‐bandage pressures were measured with the Picopress compression measuring system (Microlab Electonica, Nicolo, Italy) after bandage application. Carpal and tarsal bandage pressures were assessed before and after walking the horses approximately 50 m. TC pressures were also measured after creating a slit over the calcaneus. A generalized linear model was used to test the association of pressure with sensor location, bandage type, time, and potential interactions (P < .05).ResultsDLC (165 mmHg) and IS (167 mmHg) generated greater mean combined pressures compared with DL (146 mmHg; P = .0166). At application, CC (154 mmHg) created higher mean combined sub‐bandage pressure compared with C‐ELA (70 mmHg; P < .001). Pressures resulting from CC and TC decreased after walking (P < .001), whereas those associated with C‐ELA were not affected.ConclusionVariations to the standard DLC construct did not increase sub‐bandage pressures. CC and TC pressures rapidly decreased with ambulation, whereas C‐ELA pressures in healthy horses were not affected by walking.Clinical significanceVariations to the standard DLC offer no additional benefit in regards to increasing sub‐bandage pressures. Carpal elastic bandages maintain sub‐bandage pressures during ambulation and may be more appropriate for long term bandaging in ambulating horses. Creating a slit over the calcaneal tuber in TC bandages is discouraged due to rapid decreases in sub‐bandage pressure.