bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebellar modules in the olivo‐cortico‐nuclear loop demarcated by pcdh10 expression in the adult mouse
Authors: Sarpong Gideon A. , Vibulyaseck Suteera , Luo Yuanjun , Biswas Mohammad S. , Fujita Hirofumi , Hirano Shinji , Sugihara Izumi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTopographic connection between corresponding compartments of the cerebellar cortex, cerebellar nuclei, and inferior olive form parallel modules, which are essential for the cerebellar function. Compared to the striped cortical compartmentalization which are labeled by molecular markers, such as aldolase C (Aldoc) or zebrin II, the presumed corresponding organization of the cerebellar nuclei and inferior olivary nucleus has not been much clarified. We focused on the expression pattern of pcdh10 gene coding cell adhesion molecule protocadherin 10 (Pcdh10) in adult mice. In the cortex, pcdh10 was strongly expressed in (a) Aldoc‐positive vermal stripes a+//2+ in lobules VI–VII, (b) paravermal narrow stripes c+, d+, 4b+, 5a+ in crus I and neighboring lobules, and (c) paravermal stripes 4+//5+ across all lobules from lobule III to paraflocculus. In the cerebellar nuclei, pcdh10 was expressed strongly in the caudal part of the medial nucleus and the lateral part of the posterior interposed nucleus which project less to the medulla or to the red nucleus than to other metencephalic, mesencephalic, and diencephalic areas. In the inferior olive, pcdh10 was expressed strongly in the rostral and medioventrocaudal parts of the medial accessory olive which has connection with the mesencephalic areas rather than the spinal cord. Olivocerebellar and corticonuclear axonal labeling confirmed that the three cortical pcdh10‐positive areas were topographically connected to the nuclear and olivary pcdh10‐positive areas, demonstrating their coincidence with modular structures in the olivo‐cortico‐nuclear loop. We speculate that some of these modules are functionally involved in various nonsomatosensorimotor tasks via their afferent and efferent connections.
Mobile payment recognition technology based on face detection algorithm
Authors: Du Meiyan 
Published: July 2018

SummaryIn view of the problem that the traditional face recognition algorithm cannot be effectively applied to the identification of mobile payment, a lightweight improvement scheme of the dynamic heteroscedasticity based on the classical scale transformation algorithm is proposed, which can automatically study and adaptively add the reliable test samples to the training sample space, with reasonable division and scientific weight distribution characteristics, so that the scheme can improve both the recognition rate and running time. The improved algorithm is tested in the ORL face database and Yale face database, respectively, with the recognition rate improved by 6.13% and 14.11%, and the operating efficiency increased by 9.1% and 4.7%, respectively, compared with the classic scale transformation algorithm. The recognition rate in the ORL face database has achieved 74.05%, with significant improvement compared with PCA, LBP, and other classic algorithms. And the mobile payment scheme is implemented in Android smart phones. The experimental data has verified the feasibility of the improved algorithm in the Android system. Finally, an improved scheme based on the cloud architecture is proposed.
Chalcogen Bonding in Protein−Ligand Complexes: PDB Survey and Quantum Mechanical Calculations
Authors: Kříž Kristian , Fanfrlík Jindřich , Lepšík Martin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA chalcogen bond is a nonclassical noncovalent interaction which can stabilise small‐molecule crystals as well as protein structures. Here, we systematically explore the stabilising potential of chalcogen bonding in protein−ligand complexes in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). We have found that a large fraction (23 %) of complexes with a S/Se‐containing ligand feature close S/Se⋅⋅⋅O/N/S contacts. Eleven non‐redundant representative potential S/Se⋅⋅⋅O chalcogen‐bond motifs were selected and truncated to model systems and seven more model systems were prepared by S‐to‐Se substitution. These systems were then subjected to analysis by quantum chemical (QM) methods−electrostatic potential, geometry optimisation or interaction energy calculations, including solvent effects. The QM calculations indicate that chalcogen bonding does indeed play a dominant role in stabilising some of the interaction motifs studied. We thus advocate further exploration of chalcogen bonding with the aim of potential future use in structure‐based drug design.
A Simplified and Efficient Protocol for Derivation and Maintenance of High‐Quality Mouse Primed Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Wnt Inhibition
Authors: Kondo Masayo , Sugimoto Michihiko , Abe Kuniya 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEpiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) are primed pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) derived from mouse postimplantation embryos. Interestingly, EpiSCs share many characteristics with human PSCs such as human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced PSCs (hiPSC). Thus, EpiSCs can serve as a model for studying primed states of pluripotency. This article describes a simple yet highly efficient protocol for EpiSC derivation and maintenance of homogenous EpiSCs using an inhibitor of WNT secretion. Using this method, EpiSCs can be readily derived from mouse strains with different genetic background including C57BL/6N. The EpiSCs derived by this protocol maintain a homogenous, undifferentiated status, yet retain high differentiation potential. Unlike EpiSCs established by the original protocol, the new EpiSC lines require the continued presence of WNT inhibitor, suggesting intrinsic differences from EpiSCs made by the original method. This new version of EpiSCs will provide clues to understand the nature of primed states of mammalian pluripotent cells and may facilitate establishment of a better protocol for directed differentiation from the primed state. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Synergy of TiO2/Na0.23TiO2 Heterojunction for Enhanced Photocatalysis
Authors: Wang Jing‐Zhou , Zhou Jian‐Ping , Guo Ze‐Qing , Lei Yu‐Xi , Hassan Qadeer Ul 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTiO2/Na0.23TiO2 composite photocatalyst is prepared by a simple hydrothermal method. Na0.23TiO2 appears at the alkali concentration of 1.2 m, 320 °C, and 80 min. Different morphologies are obtained under different experimental conditions—namely, nanosheets, nanowire, and nanorod. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2/Na0.23TiO2 composites is superior to the raw anatase titanium dioxide (TiO2) for the degradation of methylene blue under UV–visible light irradiation. The best photocatalytic performance is achieved in a composite prepared at an alkali concentration of 1.5 m. The photogenerated charge separation is a main factor in enhancing the activity of semiconductor‐based photocatalysts. The calculated band gap of Na0.23TiO2 is about 2.904 eV. The Fermi level lies in the conduction band in Na0.23TiO2 while it is near the valence band in anatase TiO2. Then, a heterojunction is formed and is helpful for the photogenerated electron‐hole pairs separation, resulting in an enhanced photocatalysis.
Crystallography Study on the Internal Twinning of Ti–Nb‐Based Shape Memory Alloys
Authors: Sun Bin , Meng Xianglong , Gao Zhiyong , Cai Wei 
Published: July 2018

AbstractInternal twinning structure of several Ti–Nb‐based alloys is studied by coupling transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterization and theoretical calculation based on the phenomenological theory of martensite crystallography (PTMC) and the theory of deformation twinning. The TEM study accords well with the theoretical calculations. Possible candidates that can serve as internal twins were predicted by the PTMC analysis, more specifically, (011) compound twinning for the Ti–16Nb–6Zr–1.2Mg alloy, while (011) compound and {111} type I twinning for the other alloys of the present study. The critical resolved shear stress for the {111} type I twinning is lower than that for the (011) compound twinning, because the magnitude of Burgers vector for the {111} type I twinning is more than six times as high as that for the (011) compound twinning. Thus, the internal twins observed preferably belong to the {111} type I twinning when both of the two twinning systems meet the criterion of PTMC.
Wave digital emulation of general memristors
Authors: Solan Enver , Ochs Karlheinz 
Published: July 2018

SummaryMemristive devices are nonlinear resistors with memory. Due to the memory effect, those devices are potential candidates for self‐organizing circuits capable of learning from environmental influences in the past. The complexity of single devices with memory in combination with the required huge number of these devices in circuits including them make preinvestigations based on simulations very inefficient and time‐consuming. Flexible and real‐time capable memristive emulators, which can directly be incorporated into real circuits, can overcome this problem.In our approach, we introduce a general memristor emulator based on wave digital principles. The proposed emulator is flexible, robust, efficient, and it preserves the passivity of the real device in a digital signal‐processing sense. All these properties result in a reusable emulator, independent of a particular application. This work lists the wave digital emulations of different models from ideal to extended memristors. As an example for an extended memristor, the wave digital emulation of a double barrier memristive device is demonstrated.
Serum uric acid levels and decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate in patients with type 2 diabetes: A cohort study and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Jing , Yu Yongkai , Li Xiaowen , Li Dong , Xu Chengwei , Yuan Jing , Wei Sheng , Li Xiulou , Yang Kun , Zheng Dan , Tang Yuhan , Yang Handong , Wu Tangchun , He Meian 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundEpidemiological studies suggest that elevated serum uric acid (SUA) is associated with heightened incident kidney disease in both the general population and the type 2 diabetes (T2D) cases, although the results were not entirely consistent.MethodsWe investigated prospective association between SUA levels and estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR) decline risk (eGFR <60 mL min–1 1.73 m–2) among 3123 T2D in the Dongfeng‐Tongji cohort and further examined this association with a meta‐analysis. Generalize linear model was used to assess the associations of SUA with eGFR decline in the cohort. In the meta‐analysis, we used both fix‐effects and random‐effects models to calculate the overall effect estimate.ResultsDuring 5‐year follow‐up, 303 (9.7%) patients developed eGFR decline. After multiple adjustments, the relative risk (RR) (95% CI) of eGFR decline was 1.55 (1.07, 2.26) when comparing the highest with the lowest sex‐specific uric acid quartile. A 100 μmol/L increment of SUA level was significantly associated with 21% increased risk of eGFR decline. The SUA‐eGFR decline association was more evident in men, but not in women. In meta‐analysis, the pooled RR (95% CI) was 2.33 (1.66, 3.25) for developing eGFR decline when comparing the highest with the lowest levels of uric acid. A 100 μmol/L increment of SUA level was significantly associated with a 33% increased risk of eGFR decline.ConclusionsOur results indicate an independent and significant positive association between higher SUA and increased risk of developing eGFR decline among T2D cases.
A mouse model engineered to conditionally express the progesterone receptor‐B isoform
Authors: Hai Lan , Szwarc Maria M. , Wetendorf Margeaux , Wu San‐Pin , Peavey Mary C. , Grimm Sandra L. , Edwards Dean P. , DeMayo Francesco J. , Lydon John P. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryUsing a Rosa26 gene targeting strategy in mouse embryonic stem cells, we have generated a new transgenic mouse (Pgr‐B
LSL), which is designed to conditionally express the epitope‐tagged mouse progesterone receptor‐B (PGR‐B) isoform when crossed with a specific cre driver mouse. To functionally validate this transgenic mouse, we crossed the Pgr‐B
LSL mouse with the MMTV‐CREA transgenic mouse to create the MMTV‐CREA/Pgr‐B
LSL bigenic (termed PR‐B:OE to denote PGR‐B overexpressor). As expected, transgene‐derived PGR‐B protein was specifically targeted to the virgin mammary gland epithelium. At a functional level, the PR‐B:OE bigenic exhibited abnormal mammary morphogenesis—dilated epithelial ducts, precocious alveologenesis and lateral side‐branching, along with a prominent proliferative signature—that resulted in pregnant PR‐B:OE mice unable to exhibit mammary gland terminal differentiation at parturition. Because of this developmental failure, the PR‐B:OE mammary gland was incapable of producing milk resulting in early neonatal death of otherwise healthy litters. This first line of analysis demonstrates the utility of the Pgr‐B
LSL mouse to examine the role of the PGR‐B isoform in different physiologic and pathophysiologic systems that are responsive to progesterone.
eDNA metabarcoding as a new surveillance approach for coastal Arctic biodiversity
Authors: Lacoursière‐Roussel Anaïs , Howland Kimberly , Normandeau Eric , Grey Erin K. , Archambault Philippe , Deiner Kristy , Lodge David M. , Hernandez Cecilia , Leduc Noémie , Bernatchez Louis 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBecause significant global changes are currently underway in the Arctic, creating a large‐scale standardized database for Arctic marine biodiversity is particularly pressing. This study evaluates the potential of aquatic environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding to detect Arctic coastal biodiversity changes and characterizes the local spatio‐temporal distribution of eDNA in two locations. We extracted and amplified eDNA using two COI primer pairs from ~80 water samples that were collected across two Canadian Arctic ports, Churchill and Iqaluit, based on optimized sampling and preservation methods for remote regions surveys. Results demonstrate that aquatic eDNA surveys have the potential to document large‐scale Arctic biodiversity change by providing a rapid overview of coastal metazoan biodiversity, detecting nonindigenous species, and allowing sampling in both open water and under the ice cover by local northern‐based communities. We show that DNA sequences of ~50% of known Canadian Arctic species and potential invaders are currently present in public databases. A similar proportion of operational taxonomic units was identified at the species level with eDNA metabarcoding, for a total of 181 species identified at both sites. Despite the cold and well‐mixed coastal environment, species composition was vertically heterogeneous, in part due to river inflow in the estuarine ecosystem, and differed between the water column and tide pools. Thus, COI‐based eDNA metabarcoding may quickly improve large‐scale Arctic biomonitoring using eDNA, but we caution that aquatic eDNA sampling needs to be standardized over space and time to accurately evaluate community structure changes.
Lake regionalization and diatom metacommunity structuring in tropical South America
Authors: Benito Xavier , Fritz Sherilyn C. , Steinitz‐Kannan Miriam , Vélez Maria I. , McGlue Michael M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLakes and their topological distribution across Earth's surface impose ecological and evolutionary constraints on aquatic metacommunities. In this study, we group similar lake ecosystems as metacommunity units influencing diatom community structure. We assembled a database of 195 lakes from the tropical Andes and adjacent lowlands (8°N–30°S and 58–79°W) with associated environmental predictors to examine diatom metacommunity patterns at two different levels: taxon and functional (deconstructed species matrix by ecological guilds). We also derived spatial variables that inherently assessed the relative role of dispersal. Using complementary multivariate statistical techniques (principal component analysis, cluster analysis, nonmetric multidimensional scaling, Procrustes, variance partitioning), we examined diatom–environment relationships among different lake habitats (sediment surface, periphyton, and plankton) and partitioned community variation to evaluate the influence of niche‐ and dispersal‐based assembly processes in diatom metacommunity structure across lake clusters. The results showed a significant association between geographic clusters of lakes based on gradients of climate and landscape configuration and diatom assemblages. Six lake clusters distributed along a latitudinal gradient were identified as functional metacommunity units for diatom communities. Variance partitioning revealed that dispersal mechanisms were a major contributor to diatom metacommunity structure, but in a highly context‐dependent fashion across lake clusters. In the Andean Altiplano and adjacent lowlands of Bolivia, diatom metacommunities are niche assembled but constrained by either dispersal limitation or mass effects, resulting from area, environmental heterogeneity, and ecological guild relationships. Topographic heterogeneity played an important role in structuring planktic diatom metacommunities. We emphasize the value of a guild‐based metacommunity model linked to dispersal for elucidating mechanisms underlying latitudinal gradients in distribution. Our findings reveal the importance of shifts in ecological drivers across climatic and physiographically distinct lake clusters, providing a basis for comparison of broad‐scale community gradients in lake‐rich regions elsewhere. This may help guide future research to explore evolutionary constraints on the rich Neotropical benthic diatom species pool.
Exterior‐electrode electrically driven microconcentrator
Authors: Hsu Chia‐Chun , Lee Yan‐Chang , Hsieh Wen‐Hsin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis study uses negative dielectrophoresis and AC electroosmosis as a driving mechanism and presents an electrically driven microconcentrator that concentrates the sample in the region exterior to the electrodes (termed as exterior‐electrode electrically driven microconcentrator in this paper). The proposed microconcentrator uses a 3‐D face‐to‐face electrode pair; the top electrode is a relatively large planar electrode, and the bottom electrode is formed with three to six long and thin electrodes connected into an open ring. The sample is brought to the vicinity of the open electrode at the bottom by electroosmotic flow; then, negative dielectrophoresis is used to push the sample away from the electrode and concentrate it in the region surrounded by the open ring electrode. Concentration using an exterior‐electrode electrically driven microconcentrator offers promise for convenient use in conjunction with relevant detection systems. The results indicate that for the proposed exterior‐electrode electrically driven microconcentrator, the optimal frequency is 100 kHz and the optimal voltage is 13 Vp‐p. The corner concentration process at the corners of the bottom open electrodes enables the multi‐corner electrodes to exhibit better concentration results than that exhibited by semicircular‐shaped electrodes. The concentration performance is most favorable when the shape of the open electrode at the bottom is a five‐vertex electrode, enabling a concentration enhancement factor of 55 times for a latex particle solution and 11 times for E. coli. The experimental results also demonstrate that the concentration phenomenon in this study is not induced by non‐specific adsorption and can be repeated multiple times.
Revisit of wall‐induced lateral migration in particle electrophoresis through a straight rectangular microchannel: Effects of particle zeta potential
Authors: Liu Zhijian , Li Di , Saffarian Maryam , Tzeng Tzuen‐Rong , Song Yongxin , Pan Xinxiang , Xuan Xiangchun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPrevious studies have reported a lateral migration in particle electrophoresis through a straight rectangular microchannel. This phenomenon arises from the inherent wall‐induced electrical lift that can be exploited to focus and separate particles for microfluidic applications. Such a dielectrophoretic‐like force has been recently found to vary with the buffer concentration. We demonstrate in this work that the particle zeta potential also has a significant effect on the wall‐induced electrical lift. We perform an experimental study of the lateral migration of equal‐sized polystyrene particles with varying surface charges under identical electrokinetic flow conditions. Surprisingly, an enhanced focusing is observed for particles with a faster electrokinetic motion, which indicates a substantially larger electrical lift for particles with a smaller zeta potential. We speculate this phenomenon may be correlated with the particle surface conduction that is a strong function of particle and fluid properties.
Carbon Wrapped Monodispersed FeP Nanoparticles for Lithium Storage with long Cycle Life
Authors: Li Jianwen , Wang Wanwan , Zhao Yueying , Chen Mengna , Fang Zhen 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFeP is a candidate anode material for lithium‐ion batteries for its high theoretical capacity and low discharge plateau. The obstacle need to be conquered for effective application is to improve the poor electronic conductivity and huge volume changes during lithiation/delithiation. In this work, monodispersed FeP nanoparticles with diameter only about 8 nm was wrapped in carbon by using ball‐milling and subsequent pyrolyzation strategy. The confined monodispersed FeP nanoparticles exhibited a high specific capacity of 500 mA h g−1 after 600 cycles at a current density of 500 mA g−1.
A calibration capture–recapture model for inferring natural gas leak population characteristics using data from Google Street View cars
Authors: Weller Zachary D. , Hoeting Jennifer A. , von Fischer Joseph C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWhile new mobile monitoring technology has revolutionized our ability to measure pollutant levels over large regions, statistical methods for making inferences from data collected by these mobile systems are still being developed. We introduce a new capture–recapture model to answer key inferential questions from data collected by mobile monitoring systems. We apply our new method to characterize populations of natural gas (NG) leaks in urban areas using data collected by atmospheric methane analyzers placed on Google Street View cars. Leaks in urban NG distribution systems correspond to an economic loss, are a potential safety hazard, and are climate altering because NG is primarily composed of methane, a potent greenhouse gas. The new calibration capture–recapture (CCR) model combines data from controlled methane release experiments and data collected from mobile air monitors to enable inference for several NG leak population characteristics, including the number of undetected leaks and the total methane output rate in a surveyed region. Our methodology is a novel application of capture–recapture modeling. The CCR model addresses challenges associated with using a capture–recapture model to analyze data collected by a mobile monitoring system such as a variable sampling effort. We develop a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm for parameter estimation and apply the CCR model to data collected in two U.S. cities. The CCR model provides a new framework for inferring the total number of leaks in NG distribution systems and offers critical insights for informing intelligent infrastructure repair policy that is both cost effective and environmentally friendly.