bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting retail shrink from performance pressure, ethical leader behavior, and store‐level incivility
Authors: Jensen Jaclyn M. , Cole Michael S. , Rubin Robert S. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryRetail shrink, a form of inventory loss due primarily to employee theft and shoplifting, is a growing concern for retailers. Prior work on shrink has taken primarily an individual‐level focus to understanding this problem but has yet to really explore how the business context impacts shrink. The current study addresses this need by delineating and testing a unit‐level (i.e., between‐stores) conceptual model, wherein we examine the influence of performance pressure, ethical leader behavior, and store‐level incivility on shrink in a field study of 111 U.S. retail stores. Results demonstrate that performance pressure and ethical leadership interact to influence store‐level incivility. Further, stores with higher incivility also had higher levels of shrink. A focus on the contextual predictors of shrink provides timely insights into the role of performance pressure and leadership on store‐level incivility and consequently on retail shrink. In light of increasingly thin margins in the retail industry, the evidence on how pressure to perform and ethical leadership influences retail shrink may offer a solution to retailers looking to stem financial losses by promoting civility in the workplace.
Interactions of tropical cyclones with the Windward and Leeward Islands
Authors: Legates David R. , Ugwu Ernest B. I. , Seraphin Anthony , Lankford Aaron J. 
Published: March 2019

Using the Atlantic Hurricane Database (HURDAT2) and the General Bathymetry Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO‐2014), the probability of tropical cyclones of various intensities (hurricane, tropical storm, or a tropical depression) making landfall through the Lesser Antilles (i.e., the Windward and Leeward Islands—from 12.5°N to 17.5°N and 59.0°W to 63.0°W) from 1991 to 2016 was evaluated. HURDAT2 data from 1979 to 2016 also were used to assess storm location, maximum sustained winds, and minimum central pressure as they passed through the Lesser Antilles.In this region, tropical depressions generally did not intensify with respect to maximum sustained wind speeds and only one intensified with respect to a drop in its central pressure. By contrast, hurricanes were more likely to show intensification with respect to maximum sustained wind speed and central pressure. Tropical storms were equally likely to intensify or dissipate. Also, the data indicate that with the passage of a hurricane, maximum sustained winds were less likely to increase despite a drop in the central pressure. For tropical storms and particularly with tropical depressions, the effect of the islands is more pronounced.
SpoilagePseudomonasbiofilm withEscherichia coliprotection in fish meat at 5 °C
Authors: Sterniša Meta , Klančnik Anja , Smole Možina Sonja 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDPseudomonasare part of the indigenous microbiota of different foods, where they gradually cause spoilage. In fish meat,Pseudomonas fragiandPseudomonas psychrophilahave been identified as important spoilers. The initial aim of this study was to investigate the physiological characteristics, adhesion, and biofilm ofP. fragiandP. psychrophilaunder temperatures related to the fish‐processing industry. The further aim was to define the problem of increased growth of pathogenic bacteria in the presence of spoilage bacteriain vitroand in fish meat.RESULTSTemperature dependence on physiological characteristics, adhesion, and biofilm was observed. Hydrophobicity and autoaggregation were most prominent at 15 °C, and at this temperature floating biofilm was also formed. The adhesion of thesePseudomonaswas up to 2 log CFU cm−1more pronounced on stainless steel than polystyrene, with up to five times greater biofilm biomass production at 5 °C on polystyrene. This paralleled at least a 0.5 log CFU g−1increase in the pathogenic bacteriumEscherichia coliin fish meat.CONCLUSIONPseudomonas fragiandP. psychrophilaadhesion and biofilm depend on the temperature, and are stimulated by temperatures that can occur during the processing and storage of fish meat. StrongPseudomonasbiofilm formation under refrigeration conditions is protective forE. coli, potentially by providing more favorable conditions by ensuring a higher concentration of nutrients. Interactions between spoilagePseudomonasand pathogenic bacteria can occur through different mechanisms, and an understanding of these is of particular importance to ensure the overall quality and safety of fish meat and other proteinaceous foods. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Kinetics of the reactions of catechins with hypochlorite, peroxynitrite, and amino acid–derived peroxyl‐ radicals
Authors: Gebicka Lidia , Gebicki Jerzy L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCatechins, one of the class of flavonoids, are known as very efficient antioxidants. Here we investigated the kinetics of the reactions of three catechins, namely, catechin, epigallocatechin, and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) with some oxidants, which are formed in vivo under oxidative stress, hypochlorite, peroxynitrite, and amino acid peroxyl radicals. Stopped‐flow spectrophotometry and pulse radiolysis technique with absorption detection were used to observe the formation of intermediate products of oxidized catechins. We found that catechins react with hypochlorite with the rate constant of the order of 105–106 M−1 s−1 at pH 7.4. Experimental kinetic traces of the reaction of EGCG with valine peroxyl radicals were fitted using chemical simulation, and the rate constant of this reaction was found to be 5 × 105 M−1 s−1. The rate constants of the formation of unstable catechin quinones in the reaction with peroxynitrite were comparable to that of spontaneous peroxynitrite isomerization, which indicates that catechins are oxidized indirectly by peroxynitrite. Biological consequences of these reactions are discussed.
Association between laryngopharyngeal reflux and benign vocal folds lesions: A systematic review.
Authors: Lechien Jerome R. , Saussez Sven , Nacci Andrea , Barillari Maria Rosaria , Rodriguez Alexandra , Le Bon Serge D. , Crevier‐Buchman Lise , Harmegnies Bernard , Finck Camille , Akst Lee M. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesTo investigate the role of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) in the development of benign lesions of the vocal folds (BLVF).MethodsPubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus were searched by three independent investigators for articles published between January 1990 and November 2018 providing substantial information about the role of LPR in the development of nodules, polyps, cysts, Reinke's edema, and sulcus vocalis. Inclusion, exclusion, diagnostic criteria and clinical outcome evaluation of included studies were analyzed using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses criteria.ResultsOf the 155 relevant publications, 42 studies were included. Thirty‐five were clinical studies and seven were experimental research studying the impact of reflux on vocal fold tissue. Only seven clinical studies utilized objective LPR diagnoses (pH monitoring), suggesting an association between LPR and the development of nodules, polyps, and Reinke's edema. These studies were characterized by a substantial heterogeneity due to discrepancies in inclusion/exclusion criteria, diagnostic methods, and clinical outcome evaluation. The few basic science studies on this topic support that LPR creates an environment that may predispose to BLVF through changes in defense mechanisms of the vocal folds, cell‐to‐cell dehiscence, inflammatory reaction of the vocal folds, and reaction to phonotrauma.ConclusionsCaustic mucosal injury from LPR could cause increased susceptibility of the vocal fold mucosa to injury and subsequent formation of nodules, polyps, or Reinke's edema. However, the heterogeneity and the low number of high‐quality studies limit the ability to draw definitive conclusions. Future clinical and experimental studies are needed to better identify the role of reflux in development of BLVF.Laryngoscope, 129:E329–E341, 2019
The potential of straw mulch as a nature‐based solution for soil erosion in olive plantation treated with glyphosate: A biophysical and socioeconomic assessment
Authors: Rodrigo‐Comino Jesús , Giménez‐Morera Antonio , Panagos Panos , Pourghasemi Hamid Reza , Pulido Manuel , Cerdà Artemi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFifty paired plots under simulated rainfall showed that the use of a cover of straw mulch of 50% (1 mg ha−1) in olive orchards results in a reduction of soil erosion. An economic survey based on interviews shows that the use of straw mulch in olive plantation would cost €174.7 ha−1, from which €54.7 ha−1 is needed for the application work, €52.3 ha−1 for the purchase cost, and €67.7 ha−1 for the transport of 20‐kg bales. The cost of the straw is 22.5% of the total income of the farmers. We found that their perception was negative about the use of straw mulch, as the tradition is to keep the soil clean from any weed or cover, except the crop. However, farmers would use it if they would be subsidized with a minimum of €267 ha−1, which is €92 ha−1 more than the costs estimated on the basis of the surveys. We conclude that soil erosion can be controlled with the use of straw mulch but that to convince farmers to adopt this management strategy, it needs to be subsidized.
Influence of IL‐1R2 polymorphisms on endometrial cancer susceptibility in the Chinese Han population
Authors: Wu Jiamin , Zhang Wenjie , Cai Junhong , Huang Sizhe , Niu Fanglin , Zhang Ying , Bao Shan , Jin Tianbo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundRecently, many studies have identified that genetic factor plays a crucial role in endometrial cancer development. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IL‐1R2 on endometrial cancer susceptibility.MethodsWe performed a case‐control study that included 293 patients with endometrial cancer and 579 healthy controls. Six SNPs in the IL‐1R2 gene were genotyped using the Agena MassARRAY platform. Genetic models and haplotype analyses were used to assess the association between SNPs and endometrial cancer risk by computing odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsOverall analysis results found that two SNPs (rs4851527 and rs3218896) and haplotypes TGTC and TACT were significantly associated with endometrial cancer risk. Stratified analysis by age showed that rs2072472 was associated with endometrial cancer risk in age >54 subgroup.ConclusionsThese findings suggested that IL‐1R2 polymorphisms may contribute to the development of endometrial cancer. Further studies are required to confirm the results.
A deep learning‐ and partial least square regression‐based model observer for a low‐contrast lesion detection task in CT
Authors: Gong Hao , Yu Lifeng , Leng Shuai , Dilger Samantha K. , Ren Liqiang , Zhou Wei , Fletcher Joel G. , McCollough Cynthia H. 
Published: March 2019

PurposeThis work aims to develop a new framework of image quality assessment using deep learning‐based model observer (DL‐MO) and to validate it in a low‐contrast lesion detection task that involves CT images with patient anatomical background.MethodsThe DL‐MO was developed using the transfer learning strategy to incorporate a pretrained deep convolutional neural network (CNN), a partial least square regression discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) model and an internal noise component. The CNN was previously trained to achieve the state‐of‐the‐art classification accuracy over a natural image database. The earlier layers of the CNN were used as a deep feature extractor, with the assumption that similarity exists between the CNN and the human visual system. The PLSR model was used to further engineer the deep feature for the lesion detection task in CT images. The internal noise component was incorporated to model the inefficiency and variability of human observer (HO) performance, and to generate the ultimate DL‐MO test statistics. Seven abdominal CT exams were retrospectively collected from the same type of CT scanners. To compare DL‐MO with HO, 12 experimental conditions with varying lesion size, lesion contrast, radiation dose, and reconstruction types were generated, each condition with 154 trials. CT images of a real liver metastatic lesion were numerically modified to generate lesion models with four lesion sizes (5, 7, 9, and 11 mm) and three contrast levels (15, 20, and 25 HU). The lesions were inserted into patient liver images using a projection‐based method. A validated noise insertion tool was used to synthesize CT exams with 50% and 25% of routine radiation dose level. CT images were reconstructed using the weighted filtered back projection algorithm and an iterative reconstruction algorithm. Four medical physicists performed a two‐alternative forced choice (2AFC) detection task (with multislice scrolling viewing mode) on patient images across the 12 experimental conditions. DL‐MO was operated on the same datasets. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the correlation and agreement between DL‐MO and HO.ResultsA statistically significant positive correlation was observed between DL‐MO and HO for the 2AFC low‐contrast detection task that involves patient liver background. The corresponding Pearson product moment correlation coefficient was 0.986 [95% confidence interval (0.950, 0.996)]. Bland–Altman agreement analysis did not indicate statistically significant differences.ConclusionsThe proposed DL‐MO is highly correlated with HO in a low‐contrast detection task that involves realistic patient liver background. This study demonstrated the potential of the proposed DL‐MO to assess image quality directly based on patient images in realistic, clinically relevant CT tasks.
Characterization of the plastic scintillation detector Exradin W2 for small field dosimetry
Authors: Galavis Paulina E. , Hu Lei , Holmes Shannon , Das Indra J. 
Published: March 2019

PurposeSmall field dosimetry has been an active area of research for over a decade. It is now known that large dosimetric errors can be introduced if proper detectors or correction factors are not used. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) through the technical report series No. 483 provides guidelines for small field dosimetry procedures as well as correction factors for most detectors available in the market. The plastic scintillator detector (PSD) Exradin W1 has been found to have a correction factor close to unity; however, it is not designed for beam scanning. To overcome this limitation, the new PSD Exradin W2 has been developed to be used as a scanning as well as a relative dosimeter. Characterization of this detector in small field dosimetry is presented in this study.MethodsA 6 MV beam from a Varian‐Edge linac was used to collect data for the characterization of a W2 detector. Cerenkov light ratio (CLR) is corrected through a separate new electrometer system that comes with the W2 detector. The parameters investigated include the dose and dose rate linearity, beam profiles, percent depth dose (PDD), field output factors, and temperature response. The results were compared with Gafchromic film (EBT‐3 film) for beam profiles. The field output factor and temperature response were compared to the Exradin W1 detector.ResultsThe dose linearity measured with 600 MU/min dose rate showed minimal variations (<0.5%) even for small MU, and similar results were seen for dose rate linearity. The comparison of field output factors between the W2 and W1 showed small differences for various depth and field sizes. The temperature response showed small variation when the temperature was varied from to . The slope was and for the W2 and the W1 detector, respectively. The differences in profiles are 0.5% in umbra and penumbra region for field size when compared to the EBT‐3 film profile.ConclusionsThe W2 scintillator detector showed similar dosimetric and temperature properties to the W1 scintillator detector. The main advantage of the W2 detector among other plastic scintillators is the beam scanning capabilities that, combined with its correction factor of 1.0, make it an ideal detector for commissioning of SRS and SBRT techniques.
Intra‐ and inter‐site reproducibility of human brain single‐voxel proton MRS at 3 T
Authors: Graf Carina , MacMillan Erin L. , Fu Eric , Harris Trudy , Traboulsee Anthony , Vavasour Irene M. , MacKay Alex L. , Mädler Burkhard , Li David K.B. , Laule Cornelia 
Published: March 2019

IntroductionClinical trials that involve participants from multiple sites necessitate standardized and reliable quantitative MRI outcomes to detect significant group differences over time. Metabolite concentrations measured by proton MRS (1H‐MRS) provide valuable information about in vivo metabolism of the central nervous system, but can vary based on the acquisition and quantitation methods used by different MR sites. Therefore, we investigated the intra‐ and inter‐site reproducibility of metabolite concentrations measured by 1H‐MRS on MRI scanners from a single manufacturer across six sites.MethodsFive healthy controls were scanned twice within 24 h at six participating 3 T MR sites with large single‐voxel PRESS (TE/TR/NSA = 36 ms/4000 ms/56) and anatomical images for voxel positioning and correction of partial volume relaxation. Absolute metabolite concentrations were calculated relative to the T1 and T2 relaxation corrected signal from water. Intra‐ and inter‐site reproducibility was assessed using Bland–Altman plots and intra‐ and inter‐site coefficient of variation (CoV) as well as intra‐ and inter‐site intra‐class correlation coefficient.ResultsThe median intra‐site CoVs for the five major metabolite concentrations ([NAA], [tCr], [Glu], [tCho] and [Ins]) were between 2.5 and 5.3%. Inter‐site CoVs were also low, with the median CoVs for all metabolites between 3.7 and 6.4%. Metabolite concentrations were robust to small inconsistencies in voxel placement and site was not the driving factor in the variance of the measurement of any metabolite concentration. Between‐subject differences accounted for the majority of the concentration variability for creatine, choline and myo‐inositol (42–65% of the variance).ConclusionA large single‐voxel 1H‐MRS acquisition from a single manufacturer's MRI scanner is highly reproducible and reliable for multi‐site clinical trials.
Hypoglycaemic treatment adherence and the association with psychological, self‐management and glycaemic characteristics in adults with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Martyn‐Nemeth Pamela , Birlingmair Reid , Idemudia Esema , Park Chang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to examine adherence to hypoglycaemia treatment guidelines in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). The American Diabetes Association recommends consumption of 15–20 g of glucose to treat hypoglycaemia. Overtreatment may result in poor glycaemic control and greater glycaemic variability. It is not fully understood how well T1DM adults comply with hypoglycaemia treatment recommendations.DesignA secondary analysis using a descriptive comparative design.MethodsUsing real‐time measures over six consecutive days, we examined (a) adherence to hypoglycaemia treatment guidelines and (b) comparisons of demographic self‐management behaviour, psychological characteristics and glycaemia between adherent and non‐adherent groups.ResultsFindings revealed those who overtreated consumed more daily grain servings and reported higher stress and depressed mood compared with those who followed treatment recommendations. Findings suggest that hypoglycaemia treatment practices and psychological factors influencing self‐management should be assessed.
Predictors of Outcome Following Tenotomy in Patients with Recalcitrant Epicondylopathy
Authors: Martin Jose I. , Atilano Leire , Merino Josu , Gonzalez Igor , Iglesias Gotzon , Areizaga Luis , Bully Paola , Grandes Gontzal , Andia Isabel 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundElbow tendinopathies are associated with tenderness, pain, and functional disability with ensuing socioeconomic costs. There is lack of consensus regarding the best treatment for patients recalcitrant to first‐line conservative treatments. Percutaneous needle tenotomy is considered a regenerative approach that injures the tendon to elicit a healing response.ObjectiveTo investigate whether demographic characteristics, clinical factors, baseline sonographic entities, or their interactions are related to the likelihood of responding positively to needle tenotomy over a 1‐year follow‐up period.DesignProspective case series.SettingTertiary institutional hospital.ParticipantsPatients with elbow tendinopathy for whom conservative treatments had failed and who had persistent symptoms lasting for at least 3 months.MethodsPatients underwent needle tenotomy with or without PRP followed by a lighter needle tenotomy within a 2‐week interval as part of treatment.Main Outcome MeasurementsDisabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) and Visual Analogue Scale for pain (VAS‐P) scores were assessed before intervention (baseline) and at 6 weeks and 3, 6, and 12 months after intervention. A generalized linear mixed effects model was created to examine whether injectate type, clinical, demographic, or pretreatment sonographic entities or their interactions influenced clinical outcomes.ResultsThe authors analyzed 74 elbows (71 patients). At baseline, analyzed patients (mean age: 49.48 years; 51.35% women) scored 43.30 and 5.83 on the DASH and VAS‐P, respectively. Pretreatment tendon vascularization was a predictor of pain (P = .011) and DASH score changes (P = .019). The linear mixed effect model revealed that male gender and hypercholesterolemia were associated with enhanced functional recovery, (P = .020 and P < .001, respectively). Moreover, the interactions between pretreatment vascular status (P = .039), echotexture (P = .037) and enthesophytes (P = .028) influenced the temporal pattern of functional recovery after needle tenotomy.ConclusionsBaseline patient characteristics, such as gender and hypercholesterolemia, along with ultrasound features may be predictive of outcomes following needle tenotomy for elbow tendinopathy.Level of EvidenceIV (NCT01945528).
The temperature‐dependent ballistic performance and the ductile‐to‐brittle transition in polymer networks
Authors: Masser Kevin A. , Long Tyler R. , Yu Jian H. , Knorr Daniel B. , Hindenlang Mark D. , Taylor Terrence , Harris Doug , Lenhart Joseph L. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTThe temperature dependence of the ballistic impact performance of a series of transparent polymer networks is evaluated. A systematic series of homogeneous epoxy/propylene‐oxide‐based thermosets, a nanoscale phase‐separated epoxy/dual amine thermoset, and two homogeneous, completely aliphatic materials synthesized via ring‐opening metathesis polymerization are examined. The Vogel temperature (To) and the Kauzmann temperature (TK) are critical parameters for scaling the temperature‐dependent ballistic impact performance of each class of materials. The ductile‐to‐brittle transition temperature in a series of propylene‐oxide amine‐cured epoxies occurs at the material TK, corresponding to a sharp drop in fracture toughness and ballistic impact performance. Two aliphatic, ring‐opening metathesis polymerized materials are found to exhibit no clear transition from purely ductile to purely brittle behavior, but the temperature dependence is still scaled to a single curve when normalized by To. The cooperatively rearranging region (CRR) or the volume of this region is related to the breadth of temperatures over which these materials exhibit purely ductile deformation both quasi‐statically and at higher rates. The temperature‐dependent performance is discussed in the context of the configurational entropy. The breadth of the ductility window is related to the size of the CRR, calculated from calorimetric measurements at the resin Tg. Published 2019. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domainin the USA. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 511–523