bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Years of life lost due to malignant neoplasms of the digestive system in Poland in the years 2000–2014
Authors: Paciej-Gołębiowska Paulina , Pikala Małgorzata , Maniecka-Bryła Irena 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundEvery fourth death that occurs in Poland is caused by a malignant neoplasm. A particularly negative epidemiological situation relates to colorectal cancers; in 2015 they constituted the fifth most important cause of years of life lost (YLL) in Poland.ObjectiveWe aimed to analyse YLL due to malignant neoplasms of the digestive system in Poland in between 2000 and 2014.MethodsThe study material included a database containing information gathered from 5,601,568 death certificates of Poles who died in 2000–2014. YLLs were calculated with the use of the standard expected years of life lost index (SEYLL).ResultsIn the 15‐year study period, malignant neoplasms of the digestive system contributed to 213,041 deaths in males and 177,644 deaths in females, which corresponded to a loss of 158.6 years per 10,000 men and 105.3 years per 10,000 women. Neoplasms of the large intestine (23.6%), stomach (22.0%) and pancreas (17.4%) contributed the most. A time trend analysis revealed (p < 0.05) a growing tendency of YLLs due to neoplasms of the large intestine and pancreas, and a decreasing trend due to neoplasms of the stomach.ConclusionMalignant neoplasms of the digestive system, especially of the large intestine, are becoming a more common cause of premature mortality in Poland.
A study of dysphagia symptoms and esophageal body function in children undergoing anti‐reflux surgery
Authors: Omari T , Connor F , McCall L , Ferris L , Ellison S , Hanson B , Abu-Assi R , Khurana S , Moore D 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundThe role of high‐resolution esophageal impedance manometry (HRIM) for establishing risk for dysphagia after anti‐reflux surgery is unclear. We conducted a prospective study of children with primary gastroesophageal reflux (GER) disease, for whom symptoms of dysphagia were determined pre‐operatively and then post‐operatively and we examined for features that may predict post‐operative dysphagia.MethodsThirteen children (aged 6.8–15.5 years) undergoing work‐up prior to 360o Nissen fundoplication were included in the study. A dysphagia score assessed symptoms at pre‐operative study and post‐operatively (mean 1.4 years). A HRIM procedure recorded 5‐ml liquid, 5‐ml viscous and 2‐cm solid boluses. We assessed esophageal motility, esophago‐gastric junction (EGJ) morphology, EGJ contractility and pressure‐flow variables indicative of bolus distension pressures and bolus clearance pressures. A composite pressure‐flow index score was also derived.ResultsPre‐operative pressure‐flow index was positively correlated with post‐operative dysphagia score (viscous bolus r = 0.771, p < 0.005). Of three variables that comprise the pressure‐flow index, the ramp pressure measured during bolus clearance was the main driver of the effect seen (viscous bolus r = 0.819, p < 0.005).ConclusionsIn order to mitigate symptoms in relation to anti‐reflux surgery, dysphagia symptoms and esophageal function need to be pre‐operatively assessed. In patients with normal motility, an elevated pressure‐flow index may predict post‐operative dysphagia.
Demographic and clinical features distinguish subgroups of diverticular disease patients: Results from an Italian nationwide registry
Authors: Carabotti Marilia , Cuomo Rosario , Barbara Giovanni , Pace Fabio , Andreozzi Paolo , Cremon Cesare , Annibale Bruno 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundClinical features and lifestyle factors associated with diverticulosis compared to diverticular disease (DD), either symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease (SUDD) or in patients who have had previous diverticulitis (PD), are unclear.ObjectiveThe objective of this article is to compare cross‐sectionally demographic and clinical features and quality of life (QoL) in diverticulosis, SUDD and PD patients.MethodsThe REMAD Registry is a prospective, observational, multicentre, cohort study. Patients were categorised according to: diverticulosis; SUDD (recurrent abdominal symptoms attributed to diverticula in absence of overt inflammation) and PD (≥1 previous diverticulitis).ResultsA total of 1217 patients (57.9% diverticulosis, 24.7% SUDD and 17.4% PD) were included. Compared to diverticulosis, female gender was associated to SUDD (OR 1.94; 95% CI: 1.43–2.62) and PD (OR 1.79; 95% CI: 1.24–2.56); age ≤ 60 years was associated to PD (OR 2.10; 95% CI: 1.42–3.08 vs diverticulosis, OR 1.57; 95% CI: 1.01–2.45 vs SUDD). PD patients showed an association with past bleeding (OR 29.29; 95% CI: 8.17–104.98 vs diverticulosis, OR 16.84; 95% CI: 3.77–75.25 vs SUDD). Compared to diverticulosis, family history for diverticula was associated to PD (OR 1.88; 95% CI: 1.27–2.78). Patients with diverticulosis showed higher QoL scores, both physical (p = 0.0001 and 0.0257) and mental (p < 0.0001 and 0.0038), in comparison to SUDD and PD.ConclusionFamily history for diverticula and history of bleeding distinguish diverticulosis from DD. These clinical features should be kept in mind in the management of DD.
The distribution of HLA DQ2 and DQ8 haplotypes and their association with health indicators in a general Danish population
Authors: Kårhus Line Lund , Thuesen Betina H , Skaaby Tea , Rumessen Jüri J , Linneberg Allan 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundHuman leukocyte antigen (HLA) DQ2 and DQ8 are important risk factors for some autoimmune diseases such as celiac disease (CD), but their possible role in other diseases and health conditions is not fully explored.ObjectivesThe objective of this article is to examine the distribution of HLA DQ2 and HLA DQ8 in an adult general population, and their association with health indicators (diseases, symptoms and biomarkers).MethodsIn this cross‐sectional, population‐based study, 2293 individuals were screened for HLA DQ2 and DQ8; CD‐associated alleles (DQA*0201*03*05/DQB*02*0301/0304*0302/0305) and DQB1*02 homozygosity were determined for screen‐positive participants. The National Patient Registry provided diagnosis information.ResultsA total of 47.7% (1093/2293) individuals were positive for DQ2 and/or DQ8: 31.2% (716/2293) only DQ2, 11.9% (273/2293) only DQ8, 4.1% (93/2293) both DQ2 and DQ8. Among nine individuals diagnosed with CD, 89.9% (8/9) had DQ2.5cis, 22.2% (2/9) DQ8 and 22.2% (2/9) DQ2.2 (two both DQ2 and DQ8). HLA DQ2.5 was associated with higher thyroid‐stimulating hormone levels, while DQ2/DQ8‐positive participants had significantly lower prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). DQ2/DQ8 were strongly associated with CD, but no other registry‐based diagnoses.ConclusionIn this general Danish population, 47.7% were HLA DQ2/DQ8 positive and thus potentially at risk for CD. All individuals with CD were DQ2/DQ8 positive; the majority DQ2.5. Surprisingly, DQ2/DQ8‐positivity was associated with lower IBS prevalence.
A mixed methods study of the experience of older adults with multimorbidity in a Care Coordination Program
Authors: Scholz Mellum Jean , Martsolf Donna , Glazer Greer , Martsolf Grant , Tobias Barbara 
Published: March 2018

Introduction Care Coordination Programs are designed to streamline services for older adults with multimorbidity. The Triple Aim, a conceptual model for the design and evaluation of healthcare models, stipulates that a balance of three aims—reducing costs, improving population health, and improving patient experience—are needed for high-quality, value-based care. Research is beginning to show that coordinating care across the continuum of care reduces costs and improves the health of the multimorbid older adult population. Yet little is known about older adults’ experience of care and their overall assessment of interactions with healthcare providers across the length of time of these interactions in a Care Coordination Program. Methods To gain a deeper understanding of older adults’ experience with a Care Coordination Program, this concurrent mixed methods research study analyzed 201 older adults’ assessment of their chronic illness care using the Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC+). A subset of 30 older adults also participated in a telephone interview to collect qualitative data. Results The experience of older adults with multimorbidity in a Care Coordination Program was related to two factors: (1) professional actions and (2) professional attitudes. Actions that improved patients’ experience of care were communication, coordination, and addressing fundamental problems. Professional attitudes that improved their experience of care included being compassionate, knowledgeable and professional, mutually respectful, and positive and encouraging. Discussion To improve patient experience, Care Coordination Programs must design and measure their efforts related to the actions and the attitudes of their care team, especially primary care physicians and care coordinators.
Diabetes Empowerment Council: Integrative Pilot Intervention for Transitioning Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Weigensberg Marc J , Vigen Cheryl , Sequeira Paola , Spruijt-Metz Donna , Juarez Magaly , Florindez Daniella , Provisor Joseph , Peters Anne , Pyatak Elizabeth A 
Published: March 2018

Background The transition of young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) from pediatric to adult care is challenging and frequently accompanied by worsening of diabetes-related health. To date, there are no reports which prospectively assess the effects of theory-based psycho-behavioral interventions during the transition period neither on glycemic control nor on psychosocial factors that contribute to poor glycemic control. Therefore, the overall aim of this study was to develop and pilot test an integrative group intervention based on the underlying principles of self-determination theory (SDT), in young adults with T1D. Methods Fifty-one young adults with T1D participated in an education and case management-based transition program, of which 9 took part in the Diabetes Empowerment Council (DEC), a 12-week holistic, multimodality facilitated group intervention consisting of “council” process based on indigenous community practices, stress-reduction guided imagery, narrative medicine modalities, simple ritual, and other integrative modalities. Feasibility, acceptability, potential mechanism of effects, and bio-behavioral outcomes were determined using mixed qualitative and quantitative methods. Results The intervention was highly acceptable to participants, though presented significant feasibility challenges. Participants in DEC showed significant reductions in perceived stress and depression, and increases in general well-being relative to other control participants. Reduction in perceived stress, independent of intervention group, was associated with reductions in hemoglobin A1C. A theoretical model explaining the effects of the intervention included the promotion of relatedness and autonomy support, 2 important aspects of SDT. Conclusions The DEC is a promising group intervention for young adults with T1D going through transition to adult care. Future investigations will be necessary to resolve feasibility issues, optimize the multimodality intervention, determine full intervention effects, and fully test the role of the underlying theoretical model of action. ClinicalTrials.gov Registration Number NCT02807155; Registration date: June 15, 2016 (retrospectively registered)
Exploring tarnished daguerreotypes with synchrotron light: XRF and μ-XANES analysis
Authors: Kozachuk M. S. , Sham T. K. , Martin R. R. , Nelson A. J. , Coulthard I. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We report on the elemental and chemical characterization of tarnish on a historic daguerreotype plate. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy reveal the presence of C, O, Na, K, P, Cl, Hg, Ag, Cu, S and Au. Synchrotron based X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy, together with two-dimensional X-ray fluorescence (XRF) microscopy, provide information beyond the elemental distribution and speciation of the daguerreian tarnish features, revealing the presence of NaCl, KCl, HgCl2, HgSO4, CuS, and Ag2S on the surface. Through the application of synchrotron XRF, the distributions of Ag and S were found to be inversely correlated. This suggests a preferential accumulation of S within high-density particle regions. Spectroscopic investigation at different regions within the XRF image showed that blemish regions contained degradation products such as NaCl and KCl with AgCl noted in the surrounding regions. The observation of Cu on the surface, in the form of CuS, may either be a result of Cu diffusing through grain boundaries and/or holes in the Ag, or from the accretion of Cu salts, such as basic sodium copper carbonate, from the deterioration of the above cover glass. Silver halides (AgCl, AgBr and AgI) were also detected with XANES. This may be the result of either environmental conditions or from residual products from the production process of the plate. These results point to the interaction between deterioration products from the cover glass with the daguerreotype surface as one, but not the only, source of the tarnish.
Microspectrofluorimetry and chemometrics for the identification of medieval lake pigments
Authors: Nabais Paula , Melo Maria J. , Lopes João A. , Vitorino Tatiana , Neves Artur , Castro Rita 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Microspectrofluorimetry offers high sensitivity, selectivity, fast data acquisition, good spatial resolution (down to 2 μm), and the possibility of in-depth profiling. It has proved to be a powerful analytical tool in identifying dyes and lake pigments in works of art. To maximize the extraction of the information present in fluorescence emission and excitation spectra, we propose a chemometric approach to discriminate dark reds to pink colours based on brazilwood, cochineal, kermes and lac dye. These range of hues was obtained using a diverse range of medieval recipes for brazilwood, kermes and lac colourants and Winsor and Newton archive for cochineal lake pigments; the lake pigments were analyzed as colour paints (arabic-gum and glair were the medieval binders selected). Unsupervised (HCA & PCA) and supervised (SIMCA) modelling were tested, allowing to explore similarities between colourants and classify the spectral data into the different lake pigments classes. It was possible to separate the four different chromophores based on their excitation spectra or bringing together the emission and excitation spectra. The first method could also differentiate between the cochineal lake pigments, in particular between crimson lakes with different aluminates and an extender (gypsum) and between carmines with different complexing ions (aluminum and calcium).
The sunk-panel book-binding of a Renaissance Venetian Commissione Dogale: the scientific examination of the decoration materials
Authors: Rampazzo Miriam , Di Foggia Michele 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The research aims to investigate the nature of the materials used in the decoration of the cover of a sunk-panel Commissione Dogale, a Venetian manuscript of 1582. The analysed volume Ms. It. VII, 1869 (= 8134) belongs to the collections of the Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana, Venice. The Commissioni were intended as official documents written on parchment and issued by the Doge of Venice. Their bindings were very rich in decoration, especially those produced in the late 16th century. This manuscript is a sumptuous example of the Venetian Renaissance artisanship influenced by Middle Eastern style: its cover was made of gilded leather, painted with arabesque branches and buds and lastly lacquered. The scientific examination of the lavishly illuminated cover was performed before the book-binding conservation treatment, as the characterisation of the decoration materials allowed to plan an appropriate conservation project. The research first step has been the non-invasive observation of the cover surface by digital microscope through UV–VIS radiations. Then, the study of the composition of these materials has been carried out with ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, XRF spectroscopy and spot-test analyses on samples. Pigments like minium, green earth, a lead-based yellow and smalt have been detected in the painted layer, while a precise identification of the resins and varnishes layered on top of the decoration was not possible because of the heterogeneity of samples. Furthermore, the materials used for this cover can be usefully compared with those detected by other recent analyses carried out on a variety of 16th century Venetian book illuminations.
18F-FDOPA PET/CT Imaging of MAX-Related Pheochromocytoma
Authors: Taïeb David , Jha Abhishek , Guerin Carole , Pang Ying , Adams Karen T , Chen Clara C , Romanet Pauline , Roche Philippe , Essamet Wassim , Ling Alexander , Quezado Martha M , Castinetti Frédéric , Sebag Fréderic , Pacak Karel 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Context
MYC-associated factor X (MAX) has been recently described as a new susceptibility pheochromocytoma (PHEO) gene with a total of ~40 reported cases. At present, no study has specifically described the functional imaging phenotype of MAX-related PHEO.

Objective, Patients, and Design
The objective of the present study was to present our experience with contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and 18F-fluorodihydroxyphenylalanine (18F-FDOPA) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT in six consecutive patients (four at the initial diagnosis and two at the follow-up evaluation) with rare, but clinically important, MAX-related PHEOs. In five patients, 18F-FDOPA was also compared with other radiopharmaceutical agents.

Results
The patients had five different mutations in the MAX gene that caused disruption of Max/Myc interaction and/or abolished interaction with DNA based on in silico analyses. All but one patient developed bilateral PHEOs during their lifetime. In all cases, 18F-FDOPA PET/CT accurately visualized PHEOs that were often multiple within the same gland or bilaterally and detected more adrenal and extra-adrenal lesions than did CT (per-lesion sensitivity, 90.9% vs 52.4% for CT/magnetic resonance imaging). The two PHEOs missed on 18F-FDOPA PET/CT were &lt;1 cm, corresponding to nodular adrenomedullary hyperplasia. 68Ga-DOTA,Tyr3-octreotate PET/CT detected fewer lesions than did 18F-FDOPA PET/CT in one of three patients, and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT was only faintly positive in two of four patients with underestimation of extra-adrenal lesions in one patient.

Conclusions
MAX-related PHEOs exhibit a marked 18F-FDOPA uptake, a finding that illustrates the common well-differentiated chromaffin pattern of PHEOs associated with activation of kinase signaling pathways. 18F-FDOPA PET/CT should be considered as the first-line functional imaging modality for diagnostic or follow-up evaluations for these patients.
Rab7 knockout unveils regulated autolysosome maturation induced by glutamine starvation
Authors: Kuchitsu Yoshihiko , Homma Yuta , Fujita Naonobu , Fukuda Mitsunori 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
Macroautophagy (simply called autophagy hereafter) is an intracellular degradation mechanism that is activated by nutrient starvation. Although it is well known that starvation induces autophagosome formation in an mTORC1-dependent manner, whether starvation also regulates autophagosome or autolysosome maturation was unclear. In the present study, we succeeded in demonstrating that starvation activates autolysosome maturation in mammalian cells. We found that knockout (KO) of Rab7 (herein referring to the Rab7a isoform) caused an accumulation of a massive number of LC3-positive autolysosomes under nutrient-rich conditions, indicating that Rab7 is dispensable for autophagosome–lysosome fusion. Intriguingly, the autolysosomes that had accumulated in Rab7-KO cells matured and disappeared after starvation for a brief period (∼10 min), and we identified glutamine as an essential nutrient for autolysosome maturation. In contrast, forced inactivation of mTORC1 through treatment with its inhibitor Torin2 failed to induce autolysosome maturation, suggesting that the process is controlled by an mTORC1-independent mechanism. Since starvation-induced autolysosome maturation was also observed in wild-type cells, the nutrient-starvation-induced maturation of autolysosomes is likely to be a generalized mechanism in the same manner as starvation-induced autophagosome formation. Such multistep regulatory mechanisms would enable efficient autophagic flux during starvation.
The many roles of fats in overwintering insects
Authors: Sinclair Brent J. , Marshall Katie E. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTTemperate, polar and alpine insects generally do not feed over winter and hence must manage their energy stores to fuel their metabolism over winter and to meet the energetic demands of development and reproduction in the spring. In this Review, we give an overview of the accumulation, use and conservation of fat reserves in overwintering insects and discuss the ways insects modify fats to facilitate their selective consumption or conservation. Many insects are in diapause and have depressed metabolic rates over winter; together with low temperatures, this means that lipid stores are likely to be consumed predominantly in the autumn and spring, when temperatures are higher but insects remain dormant. Although there is ample evidence for a shift towards less-saturated lipids in overwintering insects, switches between the use of carbohydrate and lipid stores during winter have not been well-explored. Insects usually accumulate cryoprotectants over winter, and the resulting increase in haemolymph viscosity is likely to reduce lipid transport. For freeze-tolerant insects (which withstand internal ice), we speculate that impaired oxygen delivery limits lipid oxidation when frozen. Acetylated triacylglycerols remain liquid at low temperatures and interact with water molecules, providing intriguing possibilities for a role in cryoprotection. Similarly, antifreeze glycolipids may play an important role in structuring water and ice during overwintering. We also touch on the uncertain role of non-esterified fatty acids in insect overwintering. In conclusion, lipids are an important component of insect overwintering energetics, but there remain many uncertainties ripe for detailed exploration.
Heterogeneity of adipose tissue in development and metabolic function
Authors: Schoettl Theresa , Fischer Ingrid P. , Ussar Siegfried 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTAdipose tissue is a central metabolic organ. Unlike other organs, adipose tissue is compartmentalized into individual depots and distributed throughout the body. These different adipose depots show major functional differences and risk associations for developing metabolic syndrome. Recent advances in lineage tracing demonstrate that individual adipose depots are composed of adipocytes that are derived from distinct precursor populations, giving rise to different populations of energy-storing white adipocytes. Moreover, distinct lineages of energy-dissipating brown and beige adipocytes exist in discrete depots or within white adipose tissue depots. In this Review, we discuss developmental and functional heterogeneity, as well as sexual dimorphism, between and within individual adipose tissue depots. We highlight current data relating to the differences between subcutaneous and visceral white adipose tissue in the development of metabolic dysfunction, with special emphasis on adipose tissue expansion and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Moreover, we provide a detailed overview of adipose tissue development as well as the consensus and controversies relating to adult adipocyte precursor populations.