bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Difference of achievements between physicians from public hospitals and emergency medical center in prehospital emergency
Authors: Ni Tongtian , Chen Min , Zhou Weijun , Zhao Jiong , Jia Dan 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The benefit gained by replacing physicians in the prehospital service is still controversial. The present study compared the difference of achievements of pre-hospital emergency between the physicians from public hospitals and those from the Emergency Medical Center.
We included prehospital emergency patients who were sent to the hospital by ambulance after emergency calls from February 1 to May 31, 2016, in Shanghai (24,250,000 inhabitants). Cohort characteristics and diagnoses were described, and the data were analyzed using the Shanghai Emergency Medical Center's database software. We determined whether the physicians from public hospitals were associated with greater success rate of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and examined the diseases category and the number of patients with cardiac arrest in prehospital emergency patients.
During February 1, 2016, to May 31, 2016, the total turnout of ambulances in the urban area of Shanghai was 107,341 times, among which, first aid was 55,053 times. The number of patients with cardiac arrest was 3012, the 3 principal causes for cardiac arrest were Unknown diagnosis (45.19%), Cardiovascular disease (28.02%) and Respiratory diseases (11.09%), and the successful rate of CPR was 1.56%. The number of critically ill patients, encountered by the physicians from public hospitals, was 10.33% as compared to those from the Emergency Medical Center, which was 11.77% (P < .001). Although the success rate of CPR of the physicians from public hospitals was lower than that of the physicians from the Emergency Medical Center (1.22–1.58%), it did not achieve statistical significance (P > .05).
Transferring the physicians from public hospitals to work in Emergency Medical Center showed no improvement in the success rates of resuscitation.
A retrospective study of factors associated with the development of oral candidiasis in patients receiving radiotherapy for head and neck cancer
Authors: Kawashita Yumiko , Funahara Madoka , Yoshimatsu Masako , Nakao Noriko , Soutome Sakiko , Saito Toshiyuki , Umeda Masahiro 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate the incidence and risk factors for oral candidiasis in patients receiving radiotherapy for head and neck cancer, and to determine the influence of topical steroid therapy on the development of oral candidiasis.
We conducted a retrospective study of 300 patients receiving radiotherapy to the head and neck region. The primary endpoint was the incidence of oral candidiasis during radiotherapy. Associations between the incidence of oral candidiasis and various clinical factors were investigated. The cumulative incidence rate of oral candidiasis was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method and analyzed by the log-rank test and Cox regression. Propensity score-matched analysis was used to assess the influence of topical steroid therapy on the development of oral candidiasis.
Oral candidiasis occurred in 75 (25.0%) of the 300 patients. Multivariate analysis identified minimum lymphocyte count and severity of oral mucositis during radiotherapy as independent risk factors for the development of oral candidiasis. Topical steroid therapy for oral mucositis was not associated with the incidence of oral candidiasis according to multivariate and propensity score matching analyses.
Oral candidiasis was associated with the suppression of the host's immunity and severe oral mucositis, but not topical steroid therapy. Proper oral health care during radiotherapy and the prevention of severe oral mucositis may reduce the incidence of oral candidiasis.
Chinese herbal medicines compared with N-acetylcysteine for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Guo Jing , Li Bin , Li Wenyuan , Pan Yi , Wang Zhichao , Wu Yuxiao , Wang Fei 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background:
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a major public health problem worldwide. There is no curative treatment for IPF except lung transplantation. Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) are widely used in the treatment of IPF in China. However, their effectiveness and safety are still obscure and deserve further investigation. The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety of CHMs in treating IPF compared with N-acetylcysteine (NAC).

Methods:
This review summarizes and meta-analyzes randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of CHMs for the treatment of IPF. RCTs compare either CHMs alone or in combination with NAC or conventional medicine treatment (CMT) vs NAC alone or in combination with CMT have been included. The following electronic databases have been searched: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI, CBM, VIP, and WANFANG DATA. The methodologic quality of RCTs has been assessed using the Cochrane risk assessment tool. All trials included are analyzed according to the criteria of the Cochrane Handbook. Review Manager 5.3, R-3.5.1 software, and GRADE pro GDT web solution are used for data synthesis and analysis.

Results:
This review evaluates the effects of CHMs on acute exacerbation, mortality, the quality of life, 6-minute walking test distance, lung function (total lung capacity, diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide, and forced vital capacity), partial pressure of oxygen in blood (PaO2), and safety in patients with IPF.

Conclusion:
This review provides clear evidence to assess the effectiveness and safety of CHMs for IPF.
Comparative study of the maximum Watts factor and Schafer contractility grade, bladder contractility index in male patients with lower urinary tract symptoms
Authors: Liu Dandan , Chen Min , Han Xiaomin , Li Ying 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
To investigate whether the maximum Watts factor (WF) is 1 parameter of describing detrusor contraction in male patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).
We retrospectively reviewed urodynamic data of male subjects with LUTS. Data on age, maximum flow rate (Qmax), post-void residual (PVR), detrusor pressure at maximum flow rate (PdetQmax), maximum Watts factor (WFmax), and Schafer contractility grades were collected. First, all patients were divided into 6 groups according to Schafer contractility grade. The urodynamic parameters include WFmax and bladder contractility index (BCI) were compared and analyzed among the 6 groups by using Kruskal–Wallis test statistically. The box plot of Schafer contractility grade with WFmax or BCI were plotted and analyzed. Second, the correlation scatter diagram between WFmax and BCI was plotted and analyzed. Spearman's correlation test was performed. Third, we drew the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and confirmed the area under the curve, the Optimal Operating Point (OOP) and corresponding sensitivity and specificity for WFmax by the reference standard of Schafer contractility grade and BCI respectively.
A total of 455 men were included. The mean age of patients was 57 ± 17.9 years, ranging from 18 to 87 years. Median of WFmax increased from 5.8 W/m2 in very week (VW) group to 19.5 W/m2 in strong (ST) group, while BCI rose from 70 to 170. The box plot of Schafer contractility grade with WFmax or BCI showed that both WFmax and BCI were positively correlated with Schafer contractility grade. Kruskal-Wallis test among the 6 groups showed statistically significant difference (P <.001). The correlation scatter diagram showed that WFmax increased significantly with BCI (Fig. 3), the linear regression equation being Y = 3.33 + 0.07X, R2 = 0.298. Spearman's correlation test revealed that WFmax and BCI were positively correlated, with the correlation coefficient being 0.616 (P <.001). The WFmax area under ROC curve by Schafer contractility grade was 0.894 and WFmax OOP was interpreted at 11.1 W/m2. In addition, the area under ROC curve by BCI was 0.802 and WFmax OOP was interpreted at 9.8 W/m2.
Our findings suggestted that WFmax was a good parameter of evaluating detrusor contraction as well as Schafer contractility grade and BCI, which should be widely used in clinical.
Intracerebral hematoma after endoscopic fenestration of an arachnoid cyst
Authors: Qin Bing , Gao Liansheng , Hu Junwen , Wang Lin , Chen Gao 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Rationale:
An intracranial arachnoid cyst is a relatively common congenital benign lesion. A small number of patients present with neurological symptoms. Endoscopic fenestration has become a common treatment for arachnoid cysts in recent years, but intracerebral hematoma after surgery is rarely reported.

Patient concerns:
A 60-year-old woman with an arachnoid cyst in the left parietal and occipital lobes showed obvious progressive neurological deficits. She had weakness in her right limbs for 2 years and a sudden convulsion in her left limbs.

Diagnosis:
An arachnoid cyst in the left parietal and occipital lobes was detected on magnetic resonance imaging.

Intervention:
Endoscopic fenestration was performed for the cyst. However, she developed an intracerebral hematoma after surgery, which was detected by computed tomography. Due to the exacerbation of the patient's condition in the early stage after surgery, reoperation was performed to remove the hematoma.

Outcomes:
The patient was finally cured with no serious neurological deficits.

Lessons:
The rare complication of intracerebral hematoma after surgery for an arachnoid cyst can lead to a rapid deterioration in the patient's condition. More-adequate preoperative examination and neuronavigation should be conducted during surgery. Appropriate enlargement of the bone hole may help protect against this complication. Moreover, prompt reoperation for the intracerebral hematoma may improve the prognosis.
A case report of remarkable response to association of radiofrequency ablation with subsequent Atezolizumab in stage IV nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Yin Jie , Dong Jingyin , Gao Wei , Wang Yina 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Rationale:
Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) or programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated impressive efficacy in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an alternative locoregional therapy for patients with inoperable NSCLC. We report the role of RFA in a patient with metastasis from advanced stage NSCLC that was managed with checkpoint inhibitors. Therefore, this combination of RFA with subsequent immunotherapy can control NSCLC better than RFA or immunotherapy on their own.

Patient concerns:
We report here a 61-year-old Chinese male who presented with postoperative recurrence squamous cell lung cancer following the left upper lobectomy and 4 cycles of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy 6 months back.

Diagnosis:
A newly occurring lesion was detected in the left lower lung. Based on computed tomography (CT) and percutaneous lung biopsy enhancement, the patient was diagnosed with stage IV nonsmall cell lung cancer.

Interventions:
The patient refused systemic chemotherapy. And there was no basis for using tyrosine kinase inhibitors. RFA was performed for 3 times at the left lower lung lesion, which was under control. Afterward, an enlargement of the lesion at left lower lung with involvement to chest wall, and new nodules in both lungs were revealed. After that, the patient received intravenous PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors Atezolizumab. Follow-up restaging CT scan showed disease progression in both lungs. However, by treated 4 months later, partial response was observed at the left lower lung lesion, and stable response was observed at the right upper lung lesion.

Outcomes:
The patient displayed a remarkable response to Atezolizumab in one lesion at left lower lung, where he received previous locoregional therapy of RFA. As a comparison, another lesion at right upper lung without RFA history showed little response to Atezolizumab.

Lessons:
Our case suggests a significantly synergistic effect of sequential association of RFA and subsequent immunotherapy. Integrating locoregional therapy such as RFA into anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agent regimens may help to release tumor-associated antigen and mediate T-cell immune enhancement, and on the long run improve the ongoing efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors. The combination of locoregional therapy and immunotherapy represents a potential new treatment option in the management of metastatic NSCLC.
Fetal closed head injuries following maternal motor vehicle accident
Authors: Nishida Naoki , Ina Shihomi , Hata Yukiko , Nakanishi Yuko , Ishizawa Shin , Futatani Takeshi 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Rationale:
The clinicopathologic appearance of fetal closed head injury (FCHI) due to a maternal motor vehicle accident has not been fully investigated because of its extreme rarity.

Patients concern:
A 22-year-old woman at 31 weeks of gestation was riding in the front passenger seat of a car, and another rightward-turning car struck the right side of her vehicle.

Diagnosis:
Uterine injury with placental abruption was strongly suspected.

Intervention:
A live female infant in breech presentation was delivered by emergency caesarean section.

Outcomes:
Although the female infant was and showed no evidence of trauma on her body surface. She exhibited a convulsion on the day of birth, and subsequent ultrasonography revealed possible intracranial hemorrhage. Although laboratory parameters associated with circulatory and respiratory function suggested a good response to the intensive care administered during the treatment course, the infant died 6 days later despite intensive care. Autopsy showed severe brain softening, subarachnoid hemorrhage with cerebral and cerebellar contusion, and bilateral thalamic hemorrhage. No hypoxic/ischemic changes of the thoracoabdominal organs were evident at autopsy.

Lessons:
This was a clear case of FCHI by both shear and tensile forces. Multiple factors including the structural vulnerability of the fetal brain, the head posture of the fetus, the crash location and direction of force on the vehicle, and the employment of safety equipment may have contributed to the occurrence of FCHI in the present case.
PEG 3350 Versus Lactulose for Treatment of Functional Constipation in Children
Authors: Jarzebicka Dorota , Sieczkowska‐Golub Joanna , Kierkus Jaroslaw , Czubkowski Piotr , Kowalczuk‐Kryston Monika , Pelc Maciej , Lebensztejn Dariusz , Korczowski Bartosz , Socha Piotr , Oracz Grzegorz 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy and tolerance of polyethylene glycol 3350 (PEG) and lactulose for the treatment of functional constipation in infants and children.Methods:This randomized, multicenter study covered 12 weeks of treatment and 4 weeks of follow‐up of patients with functional constipation. Patients were randomized (central randomization) to receive either PEG or lactulose. The primary end points were the number of defecations per week after 12 weeks of treatment and improvement in stool consistency of at least 2 points in the Bristol scale. The secondary end point was the presence of adverse events. Bowel movements ≥3 per week and stool consistency ≥2 (Bristol scale) were considered as successful treatment.Results:We enrolled 102 patients (M 57, F 45) aged 3.62 ± 1.42 years and 88 completed the study. At week 12, good clinical outcome was achieved in 98% (PEG) and 90% (lactulose). The PEG group had more defecations per week compared with the lactulose group (7.9 ± 0.6 vs 5.7 ± 0.5, P = 0.008) and both groups had similar frequency of defecation with pain (5% vs 5%, P = 0.9), stool retention (7% vs 10%, P = 057), large volume of stools (30% vs 31%, P = 0.9) and hard stools (7% vs 13%, P = 0.58). There were more patients with side effects in the lactulose group (15 vs 23, P = 0.02), mostly bloating and abdominal pain.Conclusions:PEG 3350 is more effective and causes fewer side effects than lactulose in the treatment of constipation in infants and children.
Native T1 Mapping as an In Vivo Biomarker for the Identification of Higher-Grade Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Adams Lisa C. , Ralla Bernhard , Jurmeister Philipp , Bressem Keno K. , Fahlenkamp Ute L. , Hamm Bernd , Busch Jonas , Makowski Marcus R. 
Published: October 2018

Objectives
The aims of this study were to identify higher-grade clear cell renal cell carcinoma (cRCC) with native T1 mapping and to histologically correlate the results with the collagen volume fraction.

Materials and Methods
For this institutional review board–approved, single-center prospective study, 68 consecutive patients received abdominal magnetic resonance imaging scans at 1.5 T between January 2017 and July 2018, using a Modified Look-Locker Inversion Recovery (MOLLI) sequence. Thirty patients with cRCC (20 men; mean age, 61.9 ± 13.1 years) who underwent partial or radical nephrectomy and histological grading according to the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) classification and a separate healthy cohort of 30 individuals without renal malignancies or complex cysts (16 men; mean age, 59.7 ± 14.6 years) met the eligibility criteria. T1 values were quantitatively measured with region of interest measurements in T1 maps. Quantification of the collagen volume fraction was performed on histological sections (picrosirius red staining).

Results
Native T1 values were significantly lower for lower-grade cRCC (ISUP 1 and 2) compared with higher-grade cRCC (ISUP 3 and 4; P < 0.001). A cutoff value of 1101 milliseconds distinguished higher-grade from lower-grade tumors with a sensitivity of 100% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.69–1.00), a specificity of 85% (95% CI, 0.62–0.97), and an accuracy of 90% (95% CI, 0.73–0.98). Native T1 values were significantly associated with the histological collagen volume fraction (P < 0.05). Furthermore, T1 times in the renal cortex, medulla, and tumor tissue showed an excellent interobserver agreement.

Conclusions
Native T1 mapping could represent an in vivo biomarker for the differentiation of lower- and higher-grade cRCCs, providing incremental diagnostic value beyond qualitative magnetic resonance imaging features.
Optimized ICA-based removal of ocular EEG artifacts from free viewing experiments
Authors: Dimigen Olaf , Berlin Humboldt-Universität zu 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCombining EEG with eye-tracking is a promising approach to study neural correlates of natural vision, but the resulting recordings are also heavily contaminated by activity of the eye balls, eye lids, and extraocular muscles. While Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is commonly used to suppress these ocular artifacts, its performance under free viewing conditions has not been systematically evaluated and many published findings display residual artifacts. Here I evaluated and optimized ICA-based correction for two tasks with unconstrained eye movements: visual search in images and sentence reading. In a first step, four parameters of the ICA pipeline were systematically varied: the (1) high-pass and (2) low-pass filter applied to the training data, (3) the proportion of training data containing myogenic saccadic spike potentials (SP), and (4) the threshold for eye tracker-based component rejection. In a second step, the eye-tracker was used to objectively quantify correction quality of each ICA solution, both in terms of undercorrection (residual artifacts) and overcorrection (removal of neurogenic activity). As a benchmark, results were compared to those obtained with an alternative spatial filter, Multiple Source Eye Correction (MSEC). With commonly used settings, Infomax ICA not only left artifacts in the data of both tasks, but also distorted neurogenic activity during eye movement-free intervals. However, correction could be drastically improved by training the ICA on optimally filtered data in which SPs were massively overweighted. With optimized procedures, ICA removed virtually all artifacts, including the SP and its associated spectral broadband artifact, with little distortion of neural activity. It also outperformed MSEC in terms of SP correction. Matlab code is provided.Author NoteI would like to acknowledge Maarten De Schuymer, who conducted early explorations of the effects of high-pass filtering that helped to initiate the current work. I am also grateful to Lisa Spiering for assisting with the MSEC correction and Werner Sommer for providing an excellent working environment. Collection of one of the datasets was supported by a grant from DFG (FG-868-A2). Comments or corrections are highly appreciated.
A new massively parallel nanoball sequencing platform for whole exome research
Authors: Xu Yu , Lin Zhe , Tang Chong , Tang Yujing , Cai Yue , Zhong Hongbin , Wang Xuebin , Zhang Wenwei , Xu Chongjun , Wang Jingjing , Wang Jian , Yang Huanming , Yang Linfeng , Gao Qiang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackground:Whole exome sequencing (WES) has been widely used in human genetics research. BGISEQ-500 is a recently established next-generation sequencing platform. However, the performance of BGISEQ-500 on WES is not well studied. In this study, we evaluated the performance of BGISEQ-500 on WES by side-to-side comparison with Hiseq4000, on wellcharacterized human sample NA12878.Results:BGISEQ demonstrated similarly high reproducibility as Hiseq for variation detection. Also, the SNPs from BGISEQ data is highly consistent with Hiseq results (concordance 96.5%∼97%). Variation detection accuracy was subsequently evaluated with data from the genome in a bottle project as the benchmark. Both platforms showed similar sensitivity and precision in SNP detection. While in indel detection, BGISEQ showed slightly higher sensitivity and lower precision. The impact of sequence depth and read length on variation detection accuracy was further analyzed, and showed that variation detection sensitivity still increasing when the sequence depth is larger than 100x, and the impact of read length is minor when using 100x data.Conclusions:This study suggested that BGISEQ-500 is a qualified sequencing platform for WES.