bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiting Veto Power in the Context of Atrocity Crimes: the Syrian Conflict as a Case Study
Authors: Al-Muhana Sharefah Ahmad 
Published: November 2024

The excessive, abusive use of veto power during the war in Syria has prompted the international community to seek ways to overcome this veto power, mainly when doing so is necessary to prevent atrocities. The use of veto power to advance the national or regional interests as well as the economic, political, or strategic interests of a Security Council’s permanent member state on a way that impair a vital humanitarian interest of a state under conflict or the international community as a whole, undermines the Security Council’s role to maintain the international peace and security. This usage may also affect other states’ compliance with the veto power. In other words, the veto system could eventually lose its effectiveness if the international community continues to find justifications to non-compliance with the veto.
This paper sheds light on events that have occurred during the Syrian war that give rise to Grotian Moments, or have the potential to do so, to create new customary international law rules governing the use of the veto power. Furthermore, this paper sorts out the principles invoked during those events as legal justifications to restrict or overthrow the veto power. Moreover, this paper identifies legal circumstances to facilitate any discussions regarding setting limitations on or obstructions to veto power in the context of atrocities.
This research stresses the importance of determining a proper environment to overcome the veto power. This environment consists of unified, clear, and fair circumstances acceptable to all states, regardless of whether they are permanent or non-permanent members of the Security Council. Therefore, this proposal seeks to advance the legal system governing the use of the veto power for fighting brutality.
Keywords: International criminal law, human rights law, universal jurisdiction, veto, customary international law, international organizations.
parliamentary proposals to increase public expenditures to face economic challenges Comparative study
Authors: Alazmi Athbi KH. 
Published: November 2024

Government and parliamentary efforts are combined when faced with a particular financial crisis. parliamentary proposals is often a means of pressuring the government to increase public spending to cope with the crisis. The government's role in Kuwait is characterized by dependence on oil public revenues.The Debates in the plenary for parliamentary proposals to increase public expenditures during the discussions of the draft budget in parliament.the study concluded that parliamentary proposals of a financial nature have a negative impact when over-increasing public expenditures or reducing public revenues. It is not permissible parliamentary proposals to impose a tax to cover public health expenditures because it contradicts the constitutional principle: "non-allocation of public revenues". The French and Egyptian legislators are unlike Kuwaiti distinguished themselves from their counterparts in terms of recognition of the principle: Acceptable limits of parliamentary proposals. The study recommended amending the Kuwaiti Financial Law by adding "Acceptable limits" that allow a member of the National Assembly to influence the Estimates. The study also recommended to create an interim parliamentary committee when studying parliamentary proposals Increasing public expenditures to to address economic challenges. the presentation of the Minister of Finance must be synced during The Discussion of the draft budget in the National Assembly.
Keywords: economic challenges - parliamentary proposals - general expenses.
Особенности изменения уровней фактора активации тромбоцитов и ФАТ-ацетилгидролазы в сыворотке крови детей с острыми аллергическими реакциями разной степени тяжести
Authors: И.А. Дремук , А.П. Рубан , Е.В. Шамова , Д.В. Буза , О.Н. Рыжко 
Published: November 2024

Введение. В последние годы отмечается рост острых аллергических реакций (ОАР), в частности анафилаксии (АФ). Классическим маркером АФ является триптаза, однако оценка ее уровня ограничена сроками забора крови от момента манифестации ОАР и возможностью проведения данного анализа учреждениями здравоохранения, что требует поиска новых биомаркеров. Такими маркерами могут выступать медиаторы аллергических реакций – фактор активации тромбоцитов (ФАТ) и его фермент ацетилгидролаза (ФАТ-АГ). Цель. Изучить уровни ФАТ и ФАТ-АГ в сыворотке крови детей с ОАР и их взаимосвязь с тяжестью ОАР. Материалы и методы. Тяжесть аллергических реакций оценивали согласно адаптированной шкале тяжести ОАР. Уровни ФАТ и ФАТ-АГ определяли методами иммуноферментного анализа. Результаты. Показано, что медианные значения уровней ФАТ и ФАТ-АГ в сыворотке крови были значительно выше у детей с ОАР 1–2-й и 3–5-й степеней тяжести, чем у детей контрольной группы, и коррелировали с тяжестью ОАР. Заключение. Уровни ФАТ и ФАТ-АГ достоверно увеличиваются в сыворотке крови детей с ОАР и коррелируют с тяжестью ОАР, что служит основанием для использования пороговых значений показателей новых лабораторных тестов в качестве критериев диагностики острых аллергических реакций разного генеза.
Introduction. In recent years an increase in acute allergic reactions (AAR), in particular anaphylaxis (AP), has been registered. The classical marker of Ap is tryptase, but its level assessment is limited by blood sampling timing from the moment of AAR manifestation and the feasibility of this analysis by healthcare institutions, thus requiring the search for new biomarkers. Mediators of allergic reactions, namely platelet activating factor (PAF) and its enzyme acetylhydrolase (PAF-AG), may serve as such markers. Purpose. To study PAF and PAF-AG levels in the blood serum of children with AAR and their correlation with AAR severity. Materials and methods. The severity of allergic reactions was assessed according to the adapted AAR severity scale. The levels of PAF and PAF-AG were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. It was shown that the average levels of PAF and PAF-AG in blood serum were significantly higher in children with 1–2 and 3–5 AAR severity grades than in children of the control group, and correlated with AAR severity. Conclusion. Both PAF and PAF-AG levels are significantly increased in the serum of children with AAR and correlate with AAR severity, which justifies their use as potential biomarkers in AAR diagnostics.
Сердечные аритмии, вызванные приемом антимикробных препаратов
Authors: Ж.В. Антонович 
Published: November 2024

Антимикробные препараты, такие как некоторые макролиды и фторхинолоны, флуконазол, аминохинолоны, могут удлинять интервал QT и вызывать желудочковую тахикардию типа «пируэт» – torsades de pointes (TdP). У пациентов, принимающих препараты, потенциально вызывающие TdP, необходимы стратегии усиленного электрокардиографического мониторинга интервала QT, контроль функции почек и печени, а также контроль и поддержание электролитного баланса. Внимание к факторам риска, включая коррекцию электролитных нарушений препаратами калия и магния (Панангин®), может способствовать предотвращению этой жизнеугрожающей аритмии. Необходимы дальнейшие исследования, чтобы лучше определить общую частоту возникновения аритмий, вызванных приемом антибиотиков, их основные механизмы и оптимальные методы снижения риска. Важное значение имеет повышение осведомленности врачей о том, что аритмия у пациента может быть лекарственно-индуцированной.
Antimicrobial drugs, like some macrolides and fluoroquinolones, fluconazole, aminoquinolones, can prolong the QT interval and cause torsade de pointes (TdP). Strategies of enhanced electrocardiographic monitoring of the QT interval, monitoring of renal and hepatic function, and monitoring and maintenance of electrolyte balance are necessary in patients taking drugs that have the potential to cause TdP. Attention to risk factors, including correction of electrolyte disturbances with potassium and magnesium supplements (Panangin), may help prevent this life-threatening arrhythmia. Further research is needed to better define the overall incidence of antibiotic-induced arrhythmias, their underlying mechanisms, and optimal methods to reduce risk. It is important to raise awareness among physicians that a patient’s arrhythmia may be drug- induced.
ВЗАИМОСВЯЗЬ СУИЦИДАЛЬНЫХ РИСКОВ И ПСИХИЧЕСКИХ СОСТОЯНИЙ ПОДРОСТКОВ
Authors: А.Н. Арсланов , Э.Ш. Шаяхметова 
Published: November 2024

В статье представлено исследование взаимосвязи суицидального риска несовершеннолетних и их психоэмоциональных состояний. Для достижения поставленной цели были использованы следующие диагностические методики: «Опросник суицидального риска», «Шкала тревоги», «Опросник агрессивности Басса-Дарки», «Диагностика суицидального поведения подростков». Понимание наличия взаимосвязи суицидального риска несовершеннолетних и их психоэмоциональных состояний позволит в дальнейшей разработать модель превенции суицидального риска, направленную на разрушение негативных психоэмоциональных состояний и на поэтапное формирование жизнеутверждающих установок.
The article presents a study of the relationship between the suicidal risk of minors and their psycho-emotional states. To achieve this goal, the following diagnostic methods were used: “Suicidal Risk Questionnaire”, “Anxiety Scale”, “Bass-Darka Aggression Questionnaire”, “Diagnostics of Suicidal Behavior in Adolescents”. Understanding the relationship between the suicidal risk of minors and their psycho-emotional states will allow us to further develop a model for preventing suicidal risk, aimed at destroying negative psycho-emotional states and the gradual formation of life-affirming attitudes.
Experimental Study of Stagger Angle Effect on the Performance of Marine Savonius Vertical Axis Water Turbine
Authors: Rohman Abdul , Setiawan Priyo Agus , Lukitadi Projek Priyonggo Sumangun , Santoso Emie , Ariwiyono Nopem , Antariksih Daisy Dwijati Kumala Ratna , So’im Subagio , Antoko Bambang , Permadi Niki Veranda Agil 
Published: November 2024

This paper investigates the performance of Savonius vertical axis water turbine by varying its stagger angles. In this study, the shape of the turbine blade is modified based on the Myring equation as well as adding a disturbance in the form of a circular cylinder placed in front of the advancing blade as a barrier. The method used in this research is an experimental study in a water tunnel at a velocity of 0.22 m/s. The turbine has size of 0.4 m in height and 0.4 m in diameter. The experiment results show that the use of a circular cylinder in front of the advancing blade has a significant effect on increasing turbine performance. This can be proven by placing a circular cylinder with , , and where the angular speed achieved is , torque coefficient and the result of maximum power coefficient is about 0.4356.
QARIŞDIRICI QURULUŞLU APARATLARDA İSTİLİKVERMƏ PROSESİNİN EFEKTİVLİYİNİN ARTIRILMASI
Authors: Qasım Məmmədov, Şahsuvar Əsədzadə Qasım Məmmədov, Şahsuvar Əsədzadə 
Published: November 2024

Qarışdırıcı quruluşlu aparatlarda istilikvermə prosesinin effektivliyinin artırılması, sənaye proseslərinin optimallaşdırılmasında mühüm bir yer tutur. Bu aparatlar, əsasən kimya və neft-qaz sənayesində geniş istifadə olunur. Araşdırmalar göstərir ki, qarışdırıcının konstruksiyası, qarışdırma sürəti və istilik mübadiləsi sahəsi kimi faktorlar, enerji səmərəliliyini yüksəltməkdə əsas rol oynayır. Bu faktorların optimallaşdırılması yolu ilə istilikvermə prosesindəki enerji istifadəsini azaltmaq və beləliklə, ümumi istehsal xərclərini aşağı salmaq mümkündür. Nəticədə, bu yanaşma sənaye təsərrüfatında enerji mənbələrindən daha effektiv istifadə etməyə və ekoloji təsirin azaldılmasına kömək edir. Gələcək tədqiqatlar, bu sahədəki yenilikləri və texnoloji irəliləyişləri dəstəkləməyə davam etməlidir.
Qarışdırıcı quruluşlu aparatların istilikvermə prosesinin effektivliyini artırmaq üçün mühəndislər və tədqiqatçılar çoxşaxəli yanaşmalar tətbiq edirlər. Xüsusilə, qarışdırıcıların həndəsi ölçüləri və qarışdırma mexanizmlərinin optimallaşdırılması, istilik ötürmə səthlərinin böyüdülməsi və işləmə parametrlərinin dəqiqləşdirilməsi istilik effektivliyinin artırılmasında mühüm addımlar hesab olunur. Həmçinin, avtomatlaşdırılmış idarəetmə sistemləri və qabaqcıl sensor texnologiyalarının tətbiqi ilə enerji istifadəsi daha da optimallaşdırıla bilər.
Bu texnoloji irəliləyişlərin praktik tətbiqi, sənaye müəssisələrinin enerji istehlakını azaltmaqla yanaşı, iş proseslərinin səmərəliliyini artırmaqda əsas rol oynayır. Nəticədə, bu yeniliklər sənaye təsərrüfatında xərclərin optimallaşdırılmasına və çevrəyə olan təsirin minimuma endirilməsinə imkan verir. İstilikvermə prosesinin effektivliyinin artırılması ilə bağlı davamlı araşdırmalar və təkmilləşdirmələr, bu sahədəki texnoloji və operativ yeniliklərin mütəmadi olaraq tətbiq edilməsini təmin edir.
Açar Sözlər:	qarışdırıcı quruluşlu aparatlar, istilikvermə prosesi, enerji effektivliyi, optimallaşdırma, sənaye tətbiqləri, enerji səmərəliliyi.
Pengaruh Kedisiplinan Guru Terhadap Pendidikan Karakter Siswa Kelas XI di SMA Negeri 1 Tapa
Authors: Sefira Riska , Mahmud Melizubaida , Maruwae Abdurahim , Panigoro Meyko , Sudirman Sudirman , Gani Imam Prawiranegara 
Published: November 2024

This research aims to observe the influence of teacher discipline on the character education of XI grade students at SMA Negeri 1 Tapa. This research uses a quantitative approach with a descrpyive method. The data in this research are primary data that is obtained by distributing quetionnaires to XI grade students at SMA Negeri 1 Tapa. The sample size is 65 respondents, consisting of all XI grade students. The data in this research are analyzed by using a simple linear regression alongside with the utilization of IBM SPSS 21.0 software. The results of this research show a positive and significant influence of teacher discipline on the character education of XI grade students at SMA Negeri 1 Tapa. The partial results indicate that the teacher discipline variable has a positive influence on the students character education, with an R Square determination coefficient value of 0.311 or 31,1%, which means that the independent variable could explain the dependent variable (Character education). In comparison, the remaining 69,9% is influenced by other variables that are not analyzed in this research.
Analisis Kebiasaan cara belajar siswa berprestasi pada mata Pelajaran IPS Terpadu Kelas VII di SMP Negeri 2 Boalaang Mongondow Utara.
Authors: Hase Hase , Hafid Radia , Koniyo Rierind , Mahmud Melizubaida , Ardiansyah Ardiansyah , Polamolo Cristian , Dama Maya Novrita 
Published: November 2024

This research aims to describe (1) the learning habits of high-achieving students in Integrated Social Science subject for Class VII of SMP Negeri 2 Bolaang Mongondow Utara, and (2) the factors influencing the learning habits of high- achieving students. The research method employs qualitative research, and utilizes observation, interviews, and documentation as data collection methods. The subjects of this research include one key informant and four supporting informants, consisting of the school principal of SMP Negeri 2 Bolaang Mongondow Utara, teachers of Integrated Social Science subject, and Class VII B students. The results indicate that: (1) students have various learning habits; they are highly active during lessons, particularly enjoying reading and writing activities. They take notes when the teacher explains, prefer listening to the teacher, and actively participate in answering questions. High-achieving students effectively manage their study time. (2) Factors influencing students learning habits include physiological factor, where students' health conditions upon arriving at school affect their learning habits. Meanwhile, it also includes psychological factor en which can impact learning habits and social environment factor motivation
Prognostic impact and reasons for variability by tumor location in gastric cancer
Authors: Huang Yi-Xing , He Han-Yi , Chen Ken , Liu Hai-Dong , Zu Dan , Liang Chen , Bao Qi-Mei , Hu Yang-Chan , Liu Guo-Xia , Zhong Yu-Ke , Zhang Chun-Kai , Deng Ming-Cong , He Yan-Hua , Jing Ji , Shi Yin , Xu Sheng-Feng , Teng Yao-Shu , Ye Zu , Cheng Xiang-Dong 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND
Gastric cancer (GC) is a highly prevalent gastrointestinal tract tumor. Several trials have demonstrated that the location of GC can affect patient prognosis. However, the factors determining tumor location remain unclear.
AIM
To investigate the tumor location of patients, we went on to study the influencing factors that lead to changes in the location of GC.
METHODS
A retrospective evaluation was carried out on 3287 patients who underwent gastrectomy for GC in Zhejiang Cancer Hospital. The patients were followed up post-diagnosis and post-gastrectomy. The clinicopathological variables and overall survival of the patients were recorded. By analyzing the location of GC, the tumor location was divided into four categories: “Upper”, “middle”, “lower”, and “total”. Statistical software was utilized to analyze the relationship of each variable with the location of GC.
RESULTS
A total of 3287 patients were included in this study. The clinicopathological indices of gender, age, serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen (CA19-9) and CA72-4 levels, were significantly associated with tumor location in patients with GC. In addition, there was a strong correlation between GC location and the prognosis of postoperative patients. Specifically, patients with “lower” and “middle” GC demonstrated a better prognosis than those with tumors in other categories.
CONCLUSION
The five clinicopathological indices of gender, age, CEA, CA19-9 and CA72-4 levels exhibit varying degrees of influence on the tumor location. The tumor location correlates with patient prognosis following surgery.
Analisis Asuhan Keperawatan Pada Klien Hipertensi Dengan Masalah Keperawatan Risiko Perfusi Serebral Tidak Efektif
Authors: Muhaidi Helmi Munib , Supadi Supadi , Supriyatno Heru , Ariyati Tini 
Published: November 2024

Hipertensi adalah kondisi meningkatnya tekanan darah secara kronis yang menyebabkan seseorang merasakan sakit akibat dari gejala yang muncul bahkan dapat menyebabkan kematian. Nostril breathing adalah metode terapi mandiri dalam pengobatan hipertensi dengan pernafasan lubang hidung secara bergantian dan berpengaruh terhadap penurunan tekanan darah dikarenakan siklus nasal, dominasi serebral, dan aktivitas otonom saling berhubungan sehingga hemisfer kontra lateral dapat teraktivasi dan terjadi vasodilatasi vena dan anteriol pada sistem perifer jantung. Hal ini akan meningkatkan keluaran syaraf parasimpatis sehingga frekuensi jantung berkurang. Tujuan penelitian ini memaparkan asuhan keperawatan pada klien hipertensi dengan masalah keperawatan perfusi serebral tidak efektif melalui terapi alternatif nostril breathing. Analisis deskriptif digunakan sebagai pendekatan studi kasus dengan melibatkan 3 klien hipertensi yang memiliki risiko perfusi serebral sebagai responden. Pernafasan nostril breathing selama 10 menit diberikan sebagai intervensi dalam 3 hari berturut-turut. Hasil pemberian teknik nostril breathing terjadinya penurunan rerata tekanan darah dari ketiga responden baik tekanan sistole dan diastole. Tn. N terjadi penurunan 2.00 (systole) dan 2,76 (diastole), Tn. E terjadi penurunan 4.00 (systole) dan 2,00 (diastole), dan Tn. T terjadi penurunan 3.33 pada tekanan systole maupun diastole. Pemberian teknik nostril breathing menunjukkan terjadinya penurunan tekanan darah systole maupun diastole. Hasil ini dapat menjadi pertimbangan untuk mengembangkan intervensi keperawatan pada pasien hipertensi dalam mengatasi masalah risiko perfusi serebral
Exploring The Essence of Web-Based Interactive Learning to Enhance Higher Order Thinking Skills in Nursing Students: A Focus Group Study
Authors: Tambunan Evelyn Hemme , Simbolon Idauli , Rantung Jeanny 
Published: November 2024

This study aims to explore the essence of web-based interactive learning to enhance HOTS-analyzing, evaluating and creating in nursing students. This study implemented a qualitative research approach based on two focus group interviews on a sample of 20 resource participants including nursing students and faculty members from bachelor nursing program and information technology program at Universitas Advent Indonesia. All interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed for thematic contents using the standard to a consensus on thematic coding, the investigators finally convened to examine, classify, and arrange themes and categories. A thematic content analysis yielded three core themes: Gaps in Current Learning Methods, Potential Benefits of Web-Based Interactive Tools, Perceived Challenges. Categories were consented as variability in learning paces, engagement with teaching material, adaptability in learning approaches, feedback timeliness, interactive learning, resource and scalability limitations, enhanced flexibility, increased engagement through interactive features, personalized learning experiences, improved access to resources, support for collaborative learning, efficiency and scalability, technical issues, digital divide, reduced face-to-face interaction, equity and inclusivity, potential over-reliance on technology, privacy and security. This study highlights the multifaceted nature of the essence of web-based interactive learning to enhance higher order thinking nursing students. Implications are seen as valuable for enhancing higher order thinking skills to teaching, learning and academic support resources.
(in)conveniência da adoção dos 'punitive damages' no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro
Authors: Bernardo Wesley de Oliveira Louzada 
Published: November 2024

O presente trabalho busca analisar os perfis estrutural e funcional do instituto dos punitive damages, bem como analisar sua origem histórica, seu desenvolvimento e as principais controvérsias acerca de sua aplicabilidade em seu principal locus de atuação nos tempos atuais, qual seja, nos Estados Unidos. Partindo desta análise, vez que se trata de instituto típico de países que adotam o sistema da common law, chega-se ao escopo principal deste estudo, que é buscar uma reflexão acerca da viabilidade e compatibilidade de sua adoção nos países de direito de matriz romano germânica (civil law), especificamente no ordenamento jurídico nacional, mostrando os principais obstáculos à sua importação.
LIVING AL-QUR`AN : SURAH YUSUF AYAT 108 DALAM PEMAKNAAN DA’WAH OLEH MAHASISWA PESERTA KAFILAH DA’WAH 2024
Authors: Aan Handriyani  
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this research is to reveal the interpretation of the Qur'anic verse Surah Yusuf verse 108 by the students participating in the Kafilah Da'wah program in 2024. To achieve this goal, I use a literature study approach based on the interpretations of Islamic scholars and a living Qur'an study based on observations, interviews, and documentation of the 2024 Kafilah Da'wah participants. The research findings reveal that the Kafilah Da'wah 2024 students have a fairly comprehensive understanding of the meaning of da'wah to Allah, which includes the objectives of da'wah, da'wah materials, da'wah strategies, as well as the inevitability of sincerity and sacrifice in da'wah. They also understand that bashirah in da'wah is not only about the da'wah message but also encompasses methods, strategies, and a thorough understanding of the audience (mad'u). The interpretation of the Qur'an developed among these students is in line with the interpretations from the exegetical works of Islamic scholars. The research also proves that Mohammad Natsir Insitute of Da’wah has become a leading institution in the cadre development of preachers (dai), not only in the transfer of knowledges but also in the inheritance of the core values of da’wah (transfer of values).