bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in kinematic plasticity between freshwater turtle species underlie differences in swimming performance in response to varying flow conditions
Authors: Mayerl Christopher J , Hicks Kirsten E , Blob Richard W 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe distribution and performance of aquatic vertebrates can be linked strongly to their ability to perform in variable conditions of flowing water. Performance in these variable conditions can be affected by both morphology and behaviour, and animals that experience more variable environments often show greater behavioural plasticity that improves performance in those environments. One common metric of performance is swimming stability, which can constitute a majority of the daily energy budget of swimming animals. We compared the body oscillations arising from recoil forces of the limbs of two species of freshwater turtles as they swam in different flow conditions: the lentic specialist Emydura subglobosa and the habitat generalist Chrysemys picta. We found that E. subglobosa experienced more limited oscillations in still water than C. picta, but that C. picta had a greater kinematic response to increased flow speed that might contribute to their improved performance in flowing water. These results provide insight into how secondarily aquatic tetrapods respond to the functional demands of variation in flow, helping to build understanding of the relationship between energetics, kinematics and performance of such lineages in different environments.
Reimagining and radicalizing community development practice in south-east Queensland through popular education action research
Authors: Lathouras Athena , Westoby Peter , Shevellar Lynda 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This article analyses the ways community development in Australia has succumbed to neoliberal forces resulting in conservative or reformist practice. Ledwith (Community Development in Action: Putting Freire into Practice, 2015, Policy Press, UK.) argues that popular education theory is a useful vehicle through which community development can recover its emancipatory intentions and take on a more critical role in strategising and acting for structural changes. This article reports on a participatory action research project undertaken in Australia in 2017, to explore what the Popular Education tradition could bring to the field of community development within south-east Queensland. The research aim was to theory-test the possibilities of popular education for influencing contemporary community development in an era of hegemonic service-delivery and welfare work within Australia. Practitioners were exposed to a series of popular education workshops, grounding a clear experiential model for taking theory into action that can advance social justice agendas and further their work. Findings from the project reveal that it is possible to stimulate thinking about radical practice with popular education theory. Moreover, exploration of the theory needs forums and communities of practice for collective critical reflection. Such processes provide both theoretical knowledge and collegial support for practitioners to experiment with actions in line with the radical tradition, and thus develop a radical praxis to resist the worst elements of neoliberalism.
The Cost-effectiveness of Biological Therapy Cycles in the Management of Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Bolin Kristian , Hertervig Erik , Louis Edouard 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the cost-effectiveness of continued treatment for patients with moderate-severe Crohn’s disease in clinical remission, with a combination of anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha [anti-TNFα] [infliximab] and immunomodulator therapy compared with two different withdrawal strategies: [1] withdrawal of the anti-TNFα therapy; and [2] withdrawal of the immunomodulator therapy, respectively.MethodsA decision-tree model was constructed mimicking three treatment arms: [1] continued combination therapy with infliximab and immunomodulator; [2] withdrawal of infliximab; or [3] withdrawal of the immunomodulator. Relapses in each arm are managed with treatment intensification and re-institution of the de-escalated drug according to a prespecified algorithm. State-dependent relapse risks, remission probabilities, and quality of life weights were collected from previous published studies.ResultsCombination therapy was less costly and more efficient than the withdrawal of the immunomodulator, and more costly and more efficient than withdrawal of infliximab. Whether or not combination therapy is cost-effective, compared with the alternatives, depends primarily on current pharmaceutical prices and the willingness-to-pay per additional quality-adjusted life-year [QALY].ConclusionsCombination therapy using a combination of anti-TNFα [infliximab] and an immunomodulator is cost-effective in the treatment of Crohn’s disease compared with treatment cycles in which the immunomodulator is withdrawn. Combination treatment is cost-effective compared with treatment cycles in which infliximab is withdrawn, at prices of infliximab below€192/100 mg, given a willingness-to-pay threshold at€49 020 [Sweden] per additional QALY.
Addressing alcohol in routine healthcare in Sweden—population-based surveys in 2010 and 2017
Authors: Karlsson Nadine E. , O’Donnell Amy J , Abidi Latifa , Skagerström Janna M E , Nilsen Per M 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
The aim of the study was to compare how alcohol was addressed in routine healthcare practice in Sweden in 2010 and 2017, following the 2011 implementation of national drinking guidelines.

Methods
Population-based cross-sectional surveys were conducted in 2010 and in 2017. Subjects were 3200 respondents in 2010 (response rate 54%) and 3000 respondents in 2017 (response rate 51%) in Sweden. Both the 2010 and 2017 surveys collected data on: socio-demographics; alcohol consumption; healthcare visits in the past 12 months and characteristics of alcohol conversations in healthcare (duration, contents, experience and effects).

Results
It was significantly more likely that respondents had a conversation about alcohol in healthcare in 2017 than in 2010 (OR = 1.49; 95% CI = 1.27–1.75; P<0.001). Conversations about alcohol in the healthcare were mostly short (<4 min), both in 2010 and 2017. The alcohol conversations in 2017 included less information about alcohol’s influence on health (P = 0.002) compared with 2010. The experience of the conversation about alcohol was perceived as less dramatic in 2017 than in 2010 (P = 0.038).

Conclusions
The results suggest that conversations about alcohol were more embedded in routine healthcare practice in Sweden in 2017 than in 2010. This development has occurred since the 2011 publication of the national guidelines. Alcohol conversations targeted also specific groups of drinkers as recommended by the guidelines. However, our study design does not allow for conclusions about the relationship between the guidelines and the changes in healthcare practice.
Evaluation of commercially available DNA extraction kits for the analysis of the broiler chicken cecal microbiota
Authors: Pankoke Helga , Maus Irena , Loh Gunnar , Hüser Andrea , Seifert Jana , Tilker Alexandra , Hark Sarah , Sczyrba Alexander , Pelzer Stefan , Kleinbölting Jessica 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing is a state of the art technology to analyze bacterial communities via microbiome profiling. Choosing an appropriate DNA extraction protocol is crucial for characterizing the microbial community and can be challenging, especially when preliminary knowledge about the sample matrix is scarce. The aim of the present study was to evaluate seven commercial DNA extraction kits suitable for 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of the bacterial community of the chicken cecum, taking into account different criteria such as high technical reproducibility, high bacterial diversity and easy handling. The DNA extraction kits differed strongly with respect to extractable DNA quantity, DNA quality, technical reproducibility and bacterial diversity determined after 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and subsequent bioinformatic and biostatistical data processing. While some of the DNA extraction protocols under-represented specific bacterial community members, the removal of PCR inhibitors supported technical reproducibility and subsequently enhanced the recovered bacterial diversity from the chicken cecum community. In conclusion, the removal of PCR inhibitors from the sample matrix seemed to be one of the main drivers for a consistent representation of the bacterial community even of low abundant taxa in chicken cecum samples.
Association between diet and rumen microbiota in wild roe deer
Authors: Wilson Robert , Østbye Kjartan , Angell Inga Leena , Rudi Knut 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
The association between diet and the rumen microbiota for wild animals remains largely unexplored. Here, we explored this association using a combination of 16S rRNA gene sequencing to determine the prokaryote microbiota and 18S rRNA gene sequencing to determine the dietary components for wild roe deer. These analyses revealed a wide diversity of dietary components, with over-representation of Bacteroidetes for the diet-correlating bacteria. Ruminococcus, on the other hand, dominated the stable diet-independent part of the microbiota. Taken together, the combination of 16S and 18S rRNA gene analyses provide novel insight into rumen microbiota ecology.
Involvement of the external mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase Nde1 in glycerol metabolism by wild-type and engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains
Authors: Aßkamp Maximilian R , Klein Mathias , Nevoigt Elke 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
Glycerol is an attractive substrate for microbial fermentations due to its higher degree of reduction compared to glucose. The replacement of the native FAD-dependent glycerol catabolic pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by an artificial NADH-delivering dihydroxyacetone (DHA) pathway is supposed to facilitate the capturing of electrons in fermentation products. This requires that the electrons from the cytosolic NADH are not exclusively transferred to oxygen. However, the external NADH dehydrogenases (Nde1/2) and the L-glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle (composed of Gpd1/2 and Gut2), both coupled to the respiratory chain, are known to contribute to cytosolic NAD+ regeneration during growth on non-fermentable carbon sources. In order to evaluate the role of these mechanisms during growth on glycerol, we deleted GPD1/2, GUT2 as well as NDE1/2, separately and in combinations in both the glycerol-utilizing wild-type strain CBS 6412–13A and the corresponding engineered strain CBS DHA in which glycerol is catabolized by the DHA pathway. Particularly, the nde1Δ mutants showed a significant reduction in growth rate and the nde1∆ nde2∆ double deletion mutants did not grow at all in synthetic glycerol medium. The current work also demonstrates a positive impact of deleting NDE1 on the production of the fermentation product 1,2-propanediol in an accordingly engineered S. cerevisiae strain.
Coupled time discretization of dynamic damage models at small strains
Authors: Roubíček Tomáš 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The dynamic damage model in viscoelastic materials in Kelvin–Voigt rheology is discretized by a scheme that is coupled, suppresses spurious numerical attenuation during vibrations and has a variational structure with a convex potential for small time steps. In addition, this discretization is numerically stable and convergent for the time step going to zero. When combined with a finite-element spatial discretization, it leads to an implementable scheme and to that iterative solvers (e.g., the Newton–Raphson) used for the nonlinear algebraic systems at each time level have guaranteed global convergence. Models that are computationally used in some engineering simulations in a nonreliable way are thus stabilized and theoretically justified in this viscoelastic rheology. In particular, this model and algorithm can be used in a reliable way for a dynamic fracture in the usual phase-field approximation.
Hausdorff Dimension in Inhomogeneous Diophantine Approximation
Authors: Bugeaud Yann , Kim Dong Han , Lim Seonhee , Rams Michał 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLet $\alpha $ be an irrational real number. We show that the set of $\varepsilon $-badly approximable numbers $$\begin{equation*} \textrm{Bad}^\varepsilon (\alpha):= \Big\{x\in [0,1]\,: \, \liminf_{|q| \to \infty} |q| \cdot \| q\alpha -x \| \geq \varepsilon \Big\} \end{equation*}$$has full Hausdorff dimension for some positive $\varepsilon $ if and only if $\alpha $ is singular on average. The condition is equivalent to the average $\frac{1}{k} \sum _{i=1, \cdots , k} \log a_i$ of the logarithms of the partial quotients $a_i$ of $\alpha $ going to infinity with $k$. We also consider one-sided approximation, obtain a stronger result when $a_i$ tends to infinity, and establish a partial result in higher dimensions.
Human Capital Formation During the First Industrial Revolution: Evidence from the use of Steam Engines
Authors: de Pleijt Alexandra , Nuvolari Alessandro , Weisdorf Jacob 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We examine the effect of technical change on human capital formation during England's Industrial Revolution. Using the number of steam engines installed by 1800 as a synthetic indicator of technological change and occupational statistics to measure working skills (using HISCLASS), we establish a positive correlation between the use of steam engines and the share of skilled workers at the county level. We use exogenous variation in carboniferous rock strata (containing coal to fuel the engines) to show that the effect was causal. While technological change stimulated the formation of working skills, it had an overall negative effect on the formation of primary education, captured by literacy and school enrolment rates. It also led to higher gender inequality in literacy.
Do BL Lac objects and FR I radio galaxies inhabit the same galaxy environment?
Authors: Sandrinelli A , Falomo R , Treves A 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTWe investigate the environments of galaxies around BL Lacertae (BL Lac) objects and Fanaroff–Riley class I (FR I) radio galaxies, the alleged parent populations of misaligned sources. We compare the environment of a sample of 50 BL Lac objects at 0.1 &lt; z &lt; 0.33 with that of a sample of 90 FR I galaxies at 0.1 &lt; z &lt; 0.15. The galaxy environment is studied by using Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 14 images in the i band. We find that the galaxy excess density within 0.5 Mpc around FR I radio galaxies is a factor of ∼2 larger than that around BL Lacs. This implies a reconsideration of the parent population of BL Lac objects.
Mechanical Thrombectomy of Acutely Occluded Flow Diverters
Authors: Samaniego Edgar A , Dandapat Sudeepta , Roa Jorge A , Zanaty Mario , Nakagawa Daichi , Hasan David M 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Embolization of intracranial aneurysms with the pipeline embolization device (PED; Medtronic, Dublin, Ireland) is a widely used technique. Despite adequate dual antiplatelet therapy and intraprocedural anticoagulation, in-stent thrombosis has been described. There is limited evidence for best management of this complication.

OBJECTIVE
To describe in detail the technique used to perform thrombectomy of a recently placed PED with in-stent thrombosis. The aim of the procedure is to leave the PED in place and only perform thrombectomy of the luminal clot.

METHODS
We describe two cases of successful thrombectomy with a stentriever of acutely occluded PEDs. A total of 2 patients underwent PED embolization of 2 previously clipped aneurysms. Despite optimal deployment of the PEDs and excellent angiographic results, both patients developed symptoms of right hemispheric stroke within 1 h of the procedure. A thrombectomy was performed in each patient with the stentriever within the newly deployed PED. Thrombectomy was successful and there was no evidence of PED displacement of vascular injury.

RESULTS
Stentriever thrombectomy of intraluminal clot can be performed effectively when the entire stentriever device is deployed within the PED. We did not experience any PED displacement, vessel damage, spasm, or device malfunction using this technique.

CONCLUSION
We report the use of a stentriever to perform thrombectomy for in-stent thrombosis after PED placement as an additional treatment option of acute occlusion. This technique has not been previously described.
Microsurgical Management of Midbrain Cavernous Malformations: Predictors of Outcome and Lesion Classification in 72 Patients
Authors: Tsuji Yoshihito , Kar Souvik , Bertalanffy Helmut 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Due to the complex segmental organization of the brainstem, it is preferable to study midbrain cavernous malformations (MCMs) separately from pontine and medullary lesions.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate clinical results after microsurgical removal of MCMs, assess predictors for outcome and introduce a topographical classification of MCMs.

METHODS
A retrospective study was conducted on consecutive patients who underwent MCM resection. Clinical parameters before and after surgery, morphological CM features, surgical approaches and outcomes were analyzed. MCMs were classified according to their exact location within the midbrain and their axial and sagittal extension.

RESULTS
The authors reviewed 72 patients (35 male). Lesions varied in size between 4 and 55 mm. The vast majority of patients benefited from surgery. The mean modified Rankin Scale (mRS) decreased significantly from 1.6 at admission to 1.3 at discharge and to 0.7 at follow-up (6-247 mo postoperatively). Five patients (6.9%) suffered from delayed hypertrophic olivary degeneration as visualized on magnetic resonance imaging. One male suffered from early postoperative re-bleeding that required surgical hematoma evacuation. There were no severe long tract impairment or other disabling complications, no delayed re-bleedings, and no surgical mortality.

CONCLUSION
We present a new topographic classification of MCMs that may be useful for predicting the occurrence of postoperative eye movement disorders. Other predictors of persistent oculomotor disturbances are time interval between onset of symptoms and surgery, and patient's age over 40 yr. Early surgery is recommendable in patients with oculomotor disturbances. MCM size over 18 mm, patient age over 40 yr, and poor mRS at admission are important predictors for the long-term outcome.
Transcavernous Approach to the Upper Basilar and Retroclival Area—Cadaveric Surgical Simulation Video: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Tayebi Meybodi Ali , Borba Moreira Leandro , Zhao Xiaochun , Lawton Michael T , Preul Mark C 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The transcavernous approach (TcA) is an extension of the pterional approach that widens access to the central and lateral skull base regions. Through working between the nerves and vascular structures within the cavernous sinus, the TcA enables enhanced exposure of areas and structures including but not limited to the retrosellar area, Meckel's cave, and the basilar trunk. When the basilar apex and retrosellar regions are targeted, the TcA offers a valuable solution to the problem of the restricted space between the neurovascular structures of the central skull base through opening and widening the 2 major triangles of the cavernous sinus roof: the clinoidal and oculomotor triangles. Mastery of this approach requires careful review of the anatomy and much time spent in the cadaver lab. Although many quantitative studies and illustrative papers exist on the technical nuances of the TcA to the basilar apex region, the TcA is still difficult to understand, learn, and undertake. This cadaveric surgical simulation attempts to facilitate this objective. Of note, we have demonstrated and discussed the specific variant of the TcA that aims to reach the basilar apex area, and this video does not include the full TcA that also involves complete exposure of the lateral aspect of the cavernous sinus and the Meckel's cave.
Quantitative Analysis of Near-Infrared Indocyanine Green Videoangiography for Predicting Functional Outcomes After Spinal Intramedullary Ependymoma Resection
Authors: Arima Hironori , Naito Kentaro , Yamagata Toru , Kawahara Shinichi , Ohata Kenji , Takami Toshihiro 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
One of the most critical steps in surgery for spinal intramedullary ependymomas is the resection of small feeding arteries from the anterior spinal artery with anatomical preservation of the normal circulation of the ventral spinal cord.

OBJECTIVE
To quantitatively analyze the microcirculation of the ventral spinal cord by near-infrared indocyanine green videoangiography (ICG-VA) after the spinal intramedullary ependymoma resection.

METHODS
This retrospective study included 12 patients (7 male and 5 female; average age 55.2 years, range 36-79 years). Patients’ neurological conditions were assessed based on the modified McCormick functional schema of grade 1 (neurologically normal) to 5 (severe deficit). Postoperative functional assessment was conducted at least 3 months after surgery. Quantitative analysis of vascular flow dynamics was carried out following spinal intramedullary ependymoma resection. Fluorescence intensities were measured and the indocyanine green (ICG) intensity-time curves were analyzed and compared with the functional outcomes after surgery.

RESULTS
Microscopically total or subtotal resection of the intramedullary ependymoma was achieved in all cases. Average peak time on ICG-VA was significantly shorter in the postoperative functional grade 1 to 2 group than in the postoperative functional grade 3 to 5 group, but there was no significant difference in average peak intensity between the 2 groups. Postoperative functional grade and the peak time of ICG, but not peak intensity, appeared correlated.

CONCLUSION
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing that quantitative analysis of ICG-VA may predict functional outcomes after spinal intramedullary ependymoma resection.