bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Restructuring grain production in China: regional heterogeneity and its causality
Authors: Zheng Xuyuan , Liu Weiping , Xu Zhigang , Ying Ruiyao , Ye Chunhui 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the heterogeneity of regional grain production distribution in China, by examining the regional heterogeneity of absolute and relative changes in grain planting acreage, and explain it in terms of increasing labor costs and difficulties in agricultural inputs adjustment.

Design/methodology/approach
The study uses data from official statistical yearbooks and the satellite remote sensing image data of Landsat TM 30 m. Multivariate analysis is conducted to examine the effect of labor cost, difficulty in replacing agricultural input factors and other factors underpinning changes in grain acreage and grain structure adjustment.

Findings
The heterogeneity of changes in grain acreage and proportion of arable area for grain production are mainly determined using the labor cost and difficulties in the replacement of agricultural input factors.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to systematically analyze the heterogeneity in restructuring grain production at provincial level and its causes. The results not only provide evidence of grain production restructuring at regional level, but also contribute to the understanding of the law of structural change in agricultural production.
Increasing the effectiveness of the Chinese grain subsidy: a quantitative analysis
Authors: Yi Fujin , McCarl Bruce 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the grain production implications of alternative designs for China’s grain subsidy policy. In particular, the authors examine three subsidy designs including area-based subsidy, quantity-based subsidy and production-cost-based subsidy.

Design/methodology/approach
To carry out the analysis, the authors develop a Chinese agricultural sector model (CASM) and an econometric, policy action–farmer response summary model. The CASM is used under a wide variety of subsidy level and basis experiments to generate pseudo data on farmer reactions to subsidies. Then a summary function model was estimated over those pseudo data that quantitatively summarized modeled farmer responses to different grain subsidy schemes. In turn, the summary functions were used to optimize the subsidy level such that it maximized grain production both within and across the area-based, quantity-based and cost-based subsidies. Regional implications were also developed.

Findings
The authors found that the production-quantity-based subsidy is the most cost-effective in stimulating grain production among the subsidy schemes. The authors also argue that scheme complies with WTO regulations regarding product-specific support. The authors found that the areas where grain production was most affected were the traditional grain-producing regions.

Originality/value
To the authors’ knowledge the authors have not seen a study of the Chinese grain subsidy program context that examined the effects of alternative subsidy schemes, nor one that developed estimates of the optimal subsidy level. In addition, the methodology is unique employing bottom-up, regionally disaggregated, sector modeling coupled with an aggregate pseudo data based summary function approach providing a new, original approach for analyzing agricultural policy design.
Advancing small island resilience and inclusive development through a convergence strategy in Carles, Philippines
Authors: Molina Jesusa Grace 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
Various natural, socio-cultural and economic risks confront the people of Gigantes Islands in the municipality of Carles. The islands’ exposure to these hazards has aggravated poverty in the locality as demonstrated in the prevalence of unsafe livelihood activities and lack of access to health facilities. The onslaught of Supertyphoon Yolanda in 2013 has led to environmental and economic destruction, which prompted UP Visayas Foundation, Inc. to implement the Rehabilitation for Island Sustainability and Empowerment Gigantes Project, a rehabilitation initiative for the islands. The Frontline program contributed in enhancing its implementation through inclusive risk profiling. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach
One of the actions done to promote small island resilience was the institutionalization of convergence strategy to consolidate post-disaster and development efforts of government and non-government organizations at different levels. The formation of Island Sustainable Development Alliance, Inc., an umbrella organization of community-based groups involved in disaster preparedness and natural resource management, has demonstrated the beauty of convergence.

Findings
Good relationships, resource mobilization and shared responsibility among stakeholders became evident as a result of collaboration. Despite challenges on consolidating the barangay development councils due to varying priorities, and conflicting interests due to survival, the strategy led to significant impacts toward addressing vulnerabilities and isolation.

Originality/value
To sustain the initiative, capacity-building and advocacy efforts are implemented continuously on the ground to promote ownership and inclusive development.
Women’s entrepreneurship and internationalization: patterns and trends
Authors: Ratten Vanessa , Tajeddini Kayhan 
Published: August 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review the literature on women’s entrepreneurship and internationalization in order to build an understanding about future trends. There is increasing interest in the role of women in entrepreneurship yet little research has been conducted about the link to internationalization patterns.Design/methodology/approachThe literature is reviewed based on a systematic analysis of the words women, female, gender and internationalization.FindingsThree main schools of thought around women’s entrepreneurship and internationalization (philosophy, management and motivations) are then discussed. The analysis of literature and classification into main theories enables the building of new research around women’s entrepreneurship and internationalization.Originality/valueThere is a pipeline of women intending to become entrepreneurs so this paper helps to understand how women entrepreneurs influence internationalization patterns and how to help support women in their business endeavors.
Community belongingness and subjective well-being among unemployed people in a Finnish community
Authors: Toikko Timo , Pehkonen Aini 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
Community belongingness (CB) has been found to be positively associated with subjective well-being (SWB). Scholars have verified this connection with different social groups. In the present study, the authors are interested in the group of unemployed people and compare their situation to employed people. Specifically, the purpose of this paper is to examine whether a sense of community belonging prevents negative impacts of unemployment on SWB.

Design/methodology/approach
The study is based on a survey conducted in 2016. The data consists of 830 respondents from which 723 had the labor market status (LMS) of employed people and 107 had the LMS of unemployed people.

Findings
The results of this study show that there are both positive and negative factors which support or weaken CB. Interpersonal trust supports the sense of community belonging of individuals, but loneliness weakens their CB. However, unemployed people have a lower rate of CB and SWB comparing to employed people. Furthermore, CB is positively associated with SWB, but this connection is conditional in order that a high rate of CB buffers the negative impacts of unemployment.

Originality/value
The study emphasizes the significance of CB as a basis of SWB. On the other hand, the negative impacts of unemployment can be mitigated by supporting integration of unemployed people into social communities. From a sociopolitical view, the results underline the fact that governmental measurements promote the social inclusion of unemployed people.
Better leadership, higher work engagement? Comparative study on Finnish and Russian private sector employees
Authors: Saari Tiina , Melin Harri , Balabanova Evgeniya , Efendiev Azer 
Published: August 2018

PurposeThis paper focuses on the relationship between leadership and work engagement (WE) in Finnish and Russian private sector organizations. The purpose of this paper is to analyze how Finland and Russia differ in the level of WE; in the level of satisfaction with leadership and in specific components of leadership as most important antecedents for WE.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical analysis of this study is based on survey data collected in Finland and Russia. The analysis focuses on 1,570 Finnish and 490 Russian private sector, full-time employees with permanent contracts, who have no managerial responsibilities. The data are analyzed using descriptive methods and binary logistic regression analysis.FindingsThe results show, first, that both satisfaction of leadership and WE are higher in Finland than in Russia. Second, WE in Finland is facilitated by nearly all components of leadership – both materialistic- and relationship-based – while in Russia WE is predicted by rewarding good performers and such relationship-based practices as feedback, delegating responsibility, discussing work matters, and building trust. Contrary to the hypothesis, such materialistic-based components as providing equal treatment turned out to be insignificant for WE in Russia.Practical implicationsOrganizations should invest in leadership quality to enhance WE and thus, to get a competitive advantage.Originality/valueThis study adds to the limited comparative research on WE and its predictors.
Millennial’s engagement with fashion brands
Authors: Samala Nagaraj , Singh Sapna 
Published: August 2018

PurposeMillennials are more fashion conscious, relate themselves to the fashion brands they wear. This concept of brand engagement with self-concept (BESC) studies with other marketing variables yields interesting results. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of BESC with brand love and brand advocacy of millennials toward their favorite fashion brands. The study also tests the moderating role of millennials’ involvement and knowledge.Design/methodology/approachData are collected from 621 graduate student millennials of a university. Hayes process macros is used to test the moderated-mediation model.FindingsThe study confirms the complementary mediating role of BESC and enhances the moderating role of involvement and knowledge. Millennials with high involvement and knowledge enhance the positive relationship between brand love, BESC and brand advocacy.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the existing literature of self-concept theory and provides useful insights for fashion marketers about millennials.
The effects of ultrasonication on epoxy resin and its emulsion
Authors: Liu Lizhu , Hu Guangkai , Zhang Xiaorui , Ling Weng , Zhang Jiawen 
Published: August 2018

PurposeThe effects of ultrasonication on the epoxy resin and its emulsion were investigated to find out the changes in the Mηand molecular structure of epoxy, as well as its room temperature storage stability, centrifugal stability, particle size and its distribution and particle morphology more importantly with the influence of different ultrasonic irradiation time, power and temperature.Design/methodology/approachThe emulsion was prepared using an emulsifier with epoxy resin and by using phase inversion after subjecting to ultrasound irradiation with a power of 200 W at 50°C for 60 min. The changes in the epoxy resin and its emulsion induced by ultrasound were characterized by Ubbelohde viscometer, FT-IR,13C-NMR, high-speed desktop centrifuge, laser particle size analyzer and transmission electron microscope.FindingsThe molecular weight of the epoxy resin was initially decreased and then stabilized by the increasing of ultrasonic irradiation time. The mole rate of the epoxy groups in epoxy molecular were decreased by about 14 per cent, resulting from ultrasonic irradiation. The particle size of the emulsion was decreased, while the particle size distribution became uniform in a certain time. The narrow distribution, stable and uniform of waterborne epoxy resin emulsion with more than 60 days room temperature storage period, 80 per cent of the supernatant volume, about 220 nm average particle size was gained with a power of 200 W at 50°C for 60 min.Research limitations/implicationsTo overcome the problems commonly encountered with an epoxy emulsion, for example, short storage period and wider particle size, which limit its practical application, the effects of ultrasonic irradiation on the epoxy resin and its emulsion, were investigated. As the stability of emulsion was improved with the introduction of ultrasonic irradiation, the application of epoxy emulsion was improved.Originality/valueThe room temperature storage stability and centrifugal stability of the emulsion were decreased by the mechanical method, and thus, the benefit of an in-depth understanding of the influence of ultrasonic treatment on epoxy resin and its emulsion could further promote the development of water-based coatings.
The use of hydroxyethyl cellulose as a transparent filling material in finishing polish
Authors: Erkmen Jülide 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
This study aims to propose a solution to decrease the environmental pollution caused by alkyd resins that harm the environment during their production and use.

Design/methodology/approach
A commercially produced polish formulation was used in the study. To reduce the use of this formulation in finishing polish, a water-saturated transparent solution of hydroxyethyl cellulose was used as a transparent filling material.

Findings
The use of hydroxyethyl cellulose at its optimum concentration in finishing polish only reduced the gloss by 0.027 per cent. The amount of alkyd was reduced by 24 per cent in weight.

Research limitations/implications
The literature contained highly limited information on this subject. No transparent filling material was found. Thus, no comparison can be made with other studies.

Practical implications
The results obtained from this study can help manufacturers in the polish industry to produce varnish in a more cost-effective and eco-friendly way.

Originality/value
Considerable amount of volatile organic compounds released into the atmosphere as a result of the use of solvent-based dye/varnishes in the woodworking industry alone proves the importance of water-based systems. The results of this study indicate both economic and environmental gain.
Phenalkamine curing agents for epoxy resin: characterization and structure property relationship
Authors: Wazarkar Kunal , Sabnis Anagha S. 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to synthesize structurally different phenalkamines based on cardanol, a renewable material obtained from cashew nut shell liquid, and to evaluate their effect on performance properties of the coatings.

Design/methodology/approach
For this purpose, the Mannich reaction between cardanol, formaldehyde and various diamines such as diaminodiphenyl methane (DDM), hexamethylene diamine, Jeffamine D400 and Jeffamine T403 were carried out to produce novel phenalkamines. Resultant phenalkamines were used as curing agents for commercial DGEBPA epoxy resin and were evaluated for performance properties.

Findings
The mechanical, optical, chemical, thermal and anticorrosive properties were evaluated and compared with those of commercial phenalkamine AG141. It was observed that anticorrosive properties evaluated using a salt spray test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed significant improvement in anticorrosive performance of coatings cured with synthesized phenalkamines based on DDM and T403 as compared to the coatings based on commercial phenalkamine AG141.

Research limitations/implications
To obtain optimum performance properties of the coatings, a combination of phenalkamines can be used.

Practical implications
Curing time and gel times of all the phenalkamines can be further studied under wet and humid conditions. In addition, the variation in coating properties under humid conditions can be investigated.

Originality/value
In this study, newer phenalkamines were synthesized and used as curing agents for epoxy coatings. So far, there have been no reports indicating the synthesis and application of phenalkamines based on polyetheramines, namely, Jeffamine D400 and Jeffamine T403, in coating applications.
Castellated cruciform steel columns
Authors: Farajpourbonab Ebrahim , Showkati Hossein , Kute Sunil 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The main function of the castellation process is making I-sections stiffer by increasing the height of web and supplying a higher moment capacity of primary axis than plain-webbed members of the same weight. In addition, it optimizes the use of heavy, costly constructional steel material and provides good services accessibility. The purpose of this study was to investigate the strength and buckling behavior of axially loaded castellated cruciform steel columns using finite element analysis. Although a significant body of research exists on the failure of different columns, there is no proper criterion introduced to determine the point of buckling in the equilibrium path of an imperfect column.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper considers a wide range of practical geometric dimensions and various end conditions using ANSYS software. Findings are reported for about 224 samples of castellated cruciform I-shaped sections, and a simplified approach to evaluate buckling capacity of castellated columns, using the slenderness-load curve, is developed. In addition, the axial compressive capacities of those steel sections are investigated numerically in the current study.

Findings
The results of nonlinear analyses of these columns revealed that the load-carrying capacity of castellated cruciform steel columns far outweighs and is more appropriate than that of the traditional cruciform steel columns. In the present paper, new geometric criteria have been introduced having the ability to cover different types of columns. It shows the critical load of columns in the range of elastic and inelastic behavior.

Practical implications
This study can provide a background for practical engineering applications and design specifications for steel structures with castellated sections. In the present paper, new geometric criteria have been introduced having the ability to cover different types of columns. It shows the critical load of columns showing both elastic and inelastic behavior. Because this method showed reliable performance, it can be used during experimental tests for detecting buckling point.

Originality/value
This study can provide background for practical engineering applications and design specifications for steel structures with castellated sections; also, a physical criterion has been defined for calculating the buckling load of real columns.
Production and characterization of organic solar cells
Authors: Uyanga Kindness A.M. , Okwu Modestus Okechukwu , Adeoye A.O. , Ogbeide S.E. 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The study aims to carry out the production of a bulk heterojunction organic solar cell in a laboratory scale using a blend of poly (3-hexylthiopene) (P3HT) and [6, 6]-phenyl (C61) butyric acid methyl ether (PCBM).

Design/methodology/approach
Four inverted geometry organic solar cells were prepared based on 1:1 ratio of P3HT to PCBM and subjected to post annealing at different temperatures of 32, 120, 130 and 140°C. Solar cells were fabricated with structure glass/ITO/P3HT:PCBM/PEDOT:PSS/Au and characterized using Keithley 2400 series sourcemeter and a multimeter interfaced to a computer system with a LabVIEW software, which showed both dark and illumination current–voltage characteristic curves. Four reference cells were also fabricated with structure soda lime glass/P3HT:PCBM and annealed at different temperatures of 32, 120, 130 and 140°C.

Findings
The third organic solar cell prepared, Sample CITO, had the best performance with power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.0281 per cent, fill factor (FF) of 0.392, short circuit current of −0.0133 A and open circuit voltage of 0.389 V. Annealing of active layer was found to improve cell morphology, FF and PCE. Annealing of the active layer at 140°C resulted in a decrease of the PCE to 2.01 per cent.

Research limitations/implications
These findings are in good agreement with previous investigation in literature which reported that best annealing temperature for a 1:1 ratio blend of active material is 130°C. Ultraviolet–visible spectra on reference cells showed that sample CITO had wider absorption spectra with peak absorbance at a wavelength of 508 nm.

Originality/value
This research is purely original.
Influence of magnetohydrodynamics on peristaltic flow of a Walters B fluid in an inclined asymmetric channel with heat transfer
Authors: Ramesh K. , Devakar M. 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The main purpose of this paper is to study the effect of heat transfer on the peristaltic flow of a magnetohydrodynamic Walters B fluid through a porous medium in an inclined asymmetric channel.

Design/methodology/approach
The approximate analytical solutions of the governing partial differential equations are obtained using the regular perturbation method by taking wave number as a small parameter. The solutions for the pressure difference and friction forces are evaluated using numerical integration.

Findings
It is noticed that the pressure gradient and pressure difference are increasing functions of inclination angle and Grashof number. The temperature and heat transfer coefficients both increase with increase in inclination angle, Darcy number, Grashof number and Prandtl number. Increase in Hartmann number and phase difference decreases the size of trapped bolus.

Originality/value
The problem is original, as no work has been reported on the effect of magnetohydrodynamics on the peristaltic flow of a Walters B fluid through a porous medium in an inclined asymmetric channel with heat transfer.
Effects of adding mineral adsorbents to porous concrete for enhancing the quality performance of urban runoff systems
Authors: Mousavi Sayed-Farhad , Karami Hojat , Farzin Saeed , Teymouri Ehsan 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
This study aims to use porous concrete and mineral adsorbents (additives) for reducing the quantity and improving the quality of urban runoff.

Design/methodology/approach
The effects of adding mineral adsorbents and fine grains to porous concrete is tested for increasing its performance in improving the quality of urban runoff. Two levels of sand (10 and 20 per cent) and 5, 10 and 15 per cent of zeolite, perlite, LECA and pumice were added to the porous concrete. Unconfined compressive strength, hydraulic conductivity (permeability) and porosity of the porous concrete specimens were measured. Some of the best specimens were selected for testing the improvement of runoff quality. A rainfall simulator was designed and the quality of the runoff was investigated for changes in electrical conductivity (EC), total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD).

Findings
The results of this study showed that compressive strength of the porous concrete was increased by adding fine grains to the concrete mixture. Fine grains decreased the permeability and porosity of the samples. Zeolite had the highest compressive strength. Samples having pumice own maximum permeability. Samples which had perlite, had the least compressive strength and permeability. Because of the fast flow of runoff water in the porous slab and its low thickness, sufficient time was not provided for effective functioning of the additives, and the removal percentage of the pollution parameters was low.

Originality/value
Porous concrete can ameliorate both quantity and quality of the urban runoff.