bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Preliminary Anticancer Evaluation of 6-Mercaptopurine –Methotrexate Conjugate as Possible Mutual Prodrug
Authors: Al-Darraji Asmaa S. , H.Mohamed Mohamed 
Published: June 2019

Small molecules drug conjugate mutual prodrug design (SMDC) composed of folate and lethal agent conjugate, rigidly bonded via hydrophilic bridge and self immolative disulfide bond ; represent new interesting approaches for cancer treatment , the component of SMDC intended for targeting folate receptor , along with greater conservation of component until reaching the target tumor tissue . The designing and synthesis of compound VI and VIII derived from 6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP) and Methotrexate ( MTX) conjugate altogether as mutual prodrugs were processed forward successfully by multistep reaction procedures , and by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) for preliminary detection of products and their intermediates, along with their purity. The structures of two final compounds and their intermediates were proclaimed by melting point measurement, infrared spectrometry and ¹HNMR analysis given results greatly correspond with theoretical proposed chemical structure of synthesized compounds. Furthermore, cytotoxic activity evaluation on cell line level had been done for two final compounds against human breast tumor cell (MCF-7) and human ovarian tumor cell (SKO-3) types of cancer cell line and the results were confirmed which show greater cytotoxic tumor activity of two final compounds, while compound VI possess optimal activity proportional with increased number of 6-MP molecules.
Topkapı Sarayında III. Ahmet Kütüphanesi ve Çini Bezemeleri
Authors: UYSAL Zekiye 
Published: June 2019

İstanbul’un fethinden bir
süre sonra Sultan II. Mehmet tarafından yaptırılan Topkapı Sarayı
(M.1458-1478); 19. Yüzyıl ortalarına kadar diğer sultanların eklettikleri
binalar ve onarımlarla son şeklini almıştır. Saraya yeni bölümler yaptıran
sultanlardan birisi olan III. Ahmet (M.1703-1730), harem bölümüne bir yemiş
odası ve üçüncü avluya bir kütüphane inşa ettirmiştir.Osmanlı tarihi içinde
onun saltanat dönemi “Lâle devri” olarak tanınır. Bu dönemin önde gelen
örneklerinden olan III. Ahmet Kütüphanesi’nin &nbsp;mimarının Beşir Ağa olduğu ileri sürülür.Üçüncü
avludaki Havuzlu köşkün yerine yaptırılan kütüphane (H.1131/M.1719); &nbsp;bodrum kat üzerine oturan kubbeli sofa ve buna
açılan üç eyvandan oluşur.Giriş kanadında üç bölmeli bir revak ve
revakın cephesine bitişik bir çeşme ve revakın orta kısmına bakan küçük boyutlu
ikinci bir çeşme yer alır. Yapı M.1856 yılındaki Enderun yangınında hasar
görmüş, yangından sonraki onarımda giriş cephesinde bazı değişiklikler
yapılmıştır. Kütüphanenin bu yangından önceki görünümü Levnî’nin
minyatürlerinde, Bartlett’in gravüründe ve bir tabloda izlenebilmektedir.
Cumhuriyet döneminde 1924-1999 yılları arasında birkaç kez onarılan yapı, en
son 2014-2018 yılları arasında restore edilmiştir.

III. Ahmet Kütüphanesi;
Osmanlı köşk tiplerinden ilham alan bodrum katlı planı, mermer malzemeyle kaplı
anıtsal cepheleri, ilginç çeşme yapılarıyla ilişkilendirilmiş revakı; zengin
alçı (ştuko) ve çinilerle bezeli iç mekanları, sedef kakmalı pencere
kepenkleri,&nbsp; üst sıra pencerelerinin
revzenleri ve iç mekanda mermer sütunlar, başlıklar ve bunların üst
kısımlarındaki plastik ögeleriyle Lâle devrini en gösterişli biçimde yansıtan
yapılardan birisidir. Fakat iç cepheleri tavana kadar kaplayan çinilerin Lâle
devrinden önceye ait yapılardan getirildikleri bilinmektedir. Bu çinilerin
büyük çoğunluğu 17. yüzyıl ilk yarısına tarihlenebilirler. Bir grup çini ise
üslûp açısından 17. yüzyılın ikinci yarısına verilebilirler.&nbsp; Lâle devrinin simge yapılarından birisi olan
III. Ahmet Kütüphanesi’nde Klâsik üsluptaki çinilerin kullanılması ilginç bir
tezat oluşturmaktadır.
Features of selection methods in the period of creation of Ukrainian red dairy breed
Authors: Pidpala T. V. , Shevchuk N. P. 
Published: June 2019

Investigation of the selection methods, used during various stages of the creating the Ukrainian red dairy breed, has an actual significance in the evaluation of the methodology of the breed formation process. A comparative analysis found that the female ancestors of the studied cows according to milk yield significantly differed. With each subsequent stage, bulls-breeders, which were used in the breeding process, prevailed over female ancestors of the previous stage according to the milk productivity. The level of maternity benefit of the parents of the second and third stages was higher than that of the parents of the first stage mothers. However, for fatty milk, the parents of stage I parents had a superiority, compared with the second and third stages. While analyzing the milk yield of mothers of cows, it was found a certain pattern. In particular, the increase in milk in the next stages of the breeding of Ukrainian red dairy breed. According to the productivity of cows-primates, derived from different selection methods, determined by the level of support of female ancestors, the effectiveness of the use of highly heterogeneous selection is established. The difference in comparison with the homogeneous selection for the second and third stages was 462 kg (P > 0.999) and 235 kg of milk, respectively. As for the first stage of breeding of Ukrainian red dairy breed, the best results were obtained from the use of moderately heterogeneous selection. Its efficiency is confirmed by the highest milk yield of 359 kg (P > 0.95) of milk compared with homogeneous selection. There was a tendency to increase the fat content in milk of animals in the I, II and III stages of the breeding process in a highly heterogeneous selection in comparison with homogeneous selection, the difference was accordingly 0.04%, 0.05% and 0.03%. It should be noted that in the second stage, heterogeneous selection was effective. Along with the abovementioned, there is a general tendency of reduction of fatty milk production in ІІІ stage compared to І and ІІ stages. This is explained by the inclusion in the program of the breeding process of the Ukrainian red dairy breed using the Holstein breeder bulls. Based on the analysis of the data obtained, we have a convincing confirmation of the effectiveness of a highly heterogeneous selection. In the first and second stages of breeding, the prevail of milk fat was 15.4 kg (P > 0.99) and 12.9 kg (P > 0.95) compared to homogeneous selection. Thus, it is logical to increase the level of milk productivity in the studied cows from the first to the third stage of the withdrawal of Ukrainian red dairy breeds with the advantage of using highly heterogeneous selection.
Four new varieties of the family Araceae from Bangladesh
Authors: Ara Hosne , Hassan Md. Abul 
Published: June 2019

Four new varieties belonging to four species and three genera of the family Araceae are being described and illustrated from Bangladesh. The new varieties are: Colocasia fallax Schott var. purpurea H. Ara & M.A. Hassan, Colocasia oresbia A. Hay var. stolonifera H. Ara & M.A. Hassan, Rhaphidophora calophyllum Schott var. violaceus H. Ara & M.A. Hassan and Typhonium trilobatum (L.) Schott var. fulvus H. Ara & M.A. Hassan. The morphological diagnostic characters of each new variety and comparison with its closest one are provided. Detailed taxonomic description along with other relevant information are provided for easy recognition of the new aroid taxa.
Anatomical investigation of four taxa of Scutellaria albida L. (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Minareci Ersin , Pekönür Sinem , Özdemir Canan , Çiçek Mehmet , Kocabaş Okan 
Published: June 2019

The root, trunk and leaf anatomy of four taxa of Scutellaria albida namely, S. albida subsp. albida, S. albida subsp. velenovskyi, S. albida subsp. colchica and S. albida subsp. condensata were examined. The aim is to determine whether these characters can be used for systematic purposes. The roots displays a typical stele structure in all studied taxa. But their number of pith rays are different in each taxa. The stems of S. albida taxa have square like transection, collateral vascular bundles, parenchymatous pith and show 1-2 layered epidermis coated with thick cuticle. S. albida subsp. condensata has papillate epicuticular wax on its stem cuticle layer. In all taxa angular collenchyma, and cambium forming phloem outward and xylem inward are observed. The leaves are hypostomatic, have single rowed epidermis coated with thick cuticle and show dorsiventral mesophyll in all studied taxa. S. albida subsp. velenovskyi has echinate epicuticular wax on its leaf cuticle layer, but the others have smooth cuticle layer. The midrib shows one collateral bundles in all taxa but the shape of median veins of the leaf blade show variation in each taxa. Some of the anatomical characters viz. the number of pith rays of roots, the number of palisade parenchyma layer, plant cuticles covered by wax, the shape of median veins of the leaf blade and stomata index, provide information of taxonomical significance for these taxa.
Comparative chloroplast genomic analyses revealed extensive genomic arrangement in some core and non-core caryophyllales
Authors: Ali M. Ajmal 
Published: June 2019

The order Caryophyllales exhibit diverse diversity in morphology to molecules, which leads to taxonomic complexities in circumscribing especially to its families. The comparative analysis of the available chloroplast genome to detect pattern of genomic arrangement and variation is lacking; hence, the alignment pattern and genomic rearrangement across the Caryophyllales were detected, and the phylogenetic relationship among the families of the Caryophyllales based on maximum cp genes were inferred. The comparison of the Caryophyllales cp genomes based on representatives of 10 families with Taxillus chinensis as reference genome revealed that coding region were more conserved than the non-coding region; however, clpP, rpl16 and ycf15 were the most divergent coding region among all taxa. Further, the genomic rearrangement occurred in gene organization of the taxa among different families of Caryophyllales, the extensive rearrangement were observed in Amaranthaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae,Droseraceae and Cactaceae.
Ethnomedicinal uses of plants by Santal Tribal peoples at Nawabganj upazila of Dinajpur district, Bangladesh
Authors: Khatun Most. Rojuba , Rahman A.H.M. Mahbubur 
Published: June 2019

Ethnobotanical investigation on traditional medicinal plants used by Santal tribal people of Nawabganj upazila of Dinajpur district, Bangladesh was documented. Frequent field trips were made during January to December 2018 to record ethnobotanical data by interviewing Santals of various age group, mostly ranging between 20-76 years, including the traditional healers. A total of 105 plant species under 97 genera belonging to 57 families were recorded which are used by the Santals for the treatment of 67 ailments. Out of these plant species 44% belonged to herbs, 28% trees, 18% shrubs, 10% climbers. In herbal formulations, leaves were found to be mostly used (29%) followed by roots (12%), fruits (12%), whole plant (10%), seeds (9%), barks (9%), stems (5%), flowers (4%), latex (2%), rhizomes (2%), petioles (2%), gums (2%), bulbs (1%), tubers (1%), pods (1%) and buds (1%). The Santal medicinal wealth have been presented with scientific name, family, Bangla name, Santal name, part(s) used, ailments to be treated and formulations. This study also provides data on diversity, distribution and habitats for conservation and prioritization of the medicinal plants.
COMUNICAÇÃO ESTRATÉGICA: PÚBLICOS DE INTERESSE E PERSONA ORGANIZACIONAL
Authors: Sturmer Adriana , Pinheiro Cristiano Max Pereira , Leão Luana , Souza Mikaela De 
Published: June 2019

O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de discutir o conceito de personas junto às demais abordagens sobre públicos de interesse no contexto da comunicação estratégica organizacional. Do ponto de vista de seu objetivo, o artigo constitui uma pesquisa exploratória de abordagem qualitativa. A pesquisa bibliográfica e a pesquisa documental são os procedimentos técnicos utilizados para resgatar as classificações de públicos de interesse mais tradicionais, apresentar o conceito de personas e discutir as noções de Inbound Marketing e Inbound PR. A intenção é contribuir para estabelecer um debate, baseado na noção de personas, sobre formatos, modelos ou caminhos mais específicos para identificar as características dos públicos com os quais uma organização se relaciona, atrelando tais características à estratégia de comunicação. Como resultados, cita-se que é possível identificar, através da metodologia Inbound PR, o potencial de influência das relações públicas na construção de uma comunicação de resultados que seja voltada para o indivíduo, para as personas.Palavras-Chave: Relações públicas. Personas. Públicos de interesse. STRATEGIC COMMUNICATION: PUBLIC INTEREST AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERSONAAbstract: The present work has the objective of discussing the concept of personas along with the other approaches on public interest in the context of strategic organizational communication. From the point of view of its objective, the article constitutes an exploratory research of qualitative approach. Bibliographical research and documentary research are the technical procedures used to retrieve the most traditional classifications of interest, present the concept of personas and discuss the notions of Inbound Marketing and Inbound PR. The intention is to contribute to establish a debate, based on the notion of personas, about more specific formats, models or paths to identify the characteristics of the public with which an organization relates, linking such characteristics to the communication strategy. As results, it is possible to identify, through the Inbound PR methodology, the potential influence of the public relations in the construction of a communication of results that is directed towards the individual, for the people.Keywords: Public relations. Personas. Public interest.
EVOLUÇÃO DA QUANTIDADE DE MÁQUINAS E IMPLEMENTOS AGRÍCOLAS NAS PROPRIEDADES RURAIS BRASILEIRAS (1960-2017)
Authors: Silva Bruna Antunes da , Winck César Augustus 
Published: June 2019

O setor agropecuário brasileiro é destaque no cenário econômico mundial. A modernização do agronegócio é peça chave no crescimento da produção agrícola. Nos últimos anos a indústria de máquinas e implementos agrícolas brasileira vem investindo em tecnologias para atender a demanda dos produtores rurais e as peculiaridades de cada região do país. A metodologia utilizada neste estudo foi a associação entre revisão sistemática, análise documental e dados secundários do setor de máquinas e implementos. O objetivo foi elaborar um levantamento da quantidade de maquinário nas propriedades rurais brasileiras, mostrando a sua evolução através dos anos. Pode-se observar uma relação entre a expansão da área plantada e o número de máquinas agrícolas. O índice de mecanização mostra que houve um aumento do número de tratores por hectares de área cultivada de lavoura. Há também uma ligação entre o crédito rural disponibilizado e a aquisição de novas máquinas e implementos.Palavras-Chave: Agricultura. Máquinas agrícolas. Tecnologias. Agronegócio. EVOLUTION OF THE NUMBER OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY AND IMPLEMENTS IN BRAZILIAN RURAL PROPERTIESAbstract: The Brazilian agricultural sector is a highlight in the world economic scenario. The modernization of agribusiness is a key factor in the growth of agricultural production. In recent years, the Brazilian agricultural machinery and implements industry has been investing in technologies to meet the demand of rural producers and as peculiarities of each region of the country. The methodology used in this study was the association between systematic review, documentary analysis and secondary data of machines and implements. The objective of this study was to elaborate a survey about the number of machineries in Brazilian rural properties, showing their evolution over the years. There is a relation that can be observed between an expansion of the planted area and the number of agricultural machines. The mechanization index shows that there was an increase in the number of tractors per hectare of crop area. There is also a connection between the rural credit available and purchase of new machines and implements.Keywords: Agriculture. Agricultural machinery. Technology. Agribusiness.
ATATÜRK’ÜN BALIKESİR ZİYARETLERİ
Authors: ARSLAN Recep 
Published: June 2019

Gazi
Mustafa Kemal Paşa Cumhuriyet rejiminin kökleşmesi, yapılan reformların halka
tanıtılması ve ekonomik gelişmelerin yerinde incelenmesi için yurt gezilerine
çıkmıştır. Gazi Paşa bu seyahatleri
vesilesiyle Balıkesir’i de yedi defa ziyaret etmiştir. 1938 yılında Savarona
Yatı’nın Erdek kıyısında demirlemesi de Balıkesir ziyareti olarak
değerlendirilirse, Gazi Paşa’nın sekiz defa Balıkesir’i şereflendirdiği de
söylenebilir. 1923’te Gazi Paşa Anadolu Müdefaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti’nin siyasi
partiye dönüştürülmesi öncesinde halk ile iletişime geçmek ve orduyu teftiş
etmek istemiştir. Gazi bu amaçla Batı Anadolu gezisine çıkmıştır. Gazi Paşa bu
gezi kapsamında Balıkesir’e de gelmiştir. Mustafa Kemal Balıkesir’e ikinci
ziyaretini 8- 10 Ekim 1925 tarihleri arasında ve üçüncü ziyaretini 13- 15
Haziran 1926 tarihleri arasında gerçekleşmiştir. Gazi Paşa Balıkesir’e dördüncü
defa 7- 8 Şubat 1931 tarihlerinde ve beşinci kez 21- 22 Ocak 1933 tarihlerinde
gelmiştir. Gazi Paşa Balıkesir’e altıncı ziyaretini 15- 16 Nisan 1934’te ve
yedinci ziyaretini 24- 25 Haziran 1934 tarihlerinde gerçekleştirmiş ve Gazi’ye
bu gezisinde İran Şahı Rıza Pehlevi eşlik etmiştir. Bu makalenin
hazırlanmasında tetkik eserlerden, hatıratlardan ve süreli yayınlardan istifade
edilmiştir. Bu çalışma ile Atatürk’ün yurt gezilerine yönelik yapılan
araştırmalara küçük de olsa bir katkı sağlamak hedeflenmiştir.
Sensitivity study on Virginia fanpetals (Sida hermaphrodita (L.) RUSBY) cv PETEMI to different herbicide agents
Authors: Szabó Béla , Szabó Miklós , Papp Roland , Kárpát Zoltán , Vágvölgyi Sándor 
Published: June 2019

The cultivation of Virginia fanpetals (Sida hermaphrodita (L.) Rusby) is a relatively new phenomenon in Europe. On the basis of the biology of the plant and the practical work implemented, it has been stated that the traditional field practice does not provide the appropriate conditions of biomass production for energetic purpose. The development of the proper weed control is inevitable for the healthy stand, as in the early phenophases the plant is growing slowly and it is exposed to weeds. Our objective was to test some herbicide agents as no previous relevant data had been published.
Ocratoxina A en café.
Authors: Davidovich Young Gabriela , Jiménez Rodríguez Fabiola , Segura Piedra Juan Manuel 
Published: June 2019

La ocratoxina A es una micotoxina con actividad nefrotóxica, hepatotóxica, embriotóxica, teratogénica, neurotóxica, inmunotóxica, genotóxica y cancerígena producida por hongos filamentosos que se puede encontrar en productos como granos, nueces, especies, cerveza, café, entre otros.
El proceso de producción del café no elimina la ocratoxina, por lo que organizaciónes como el CODEX Alimentarius han establecido una serie de prácticas que minimizan la probabilidad de que esta toxina se encuentre en este producto. A nivel internacional, varios países han establecido la concentración máxima permitida de OTA en café, sin embargo, Costa Rica no lo ha definido todavía.
Existen estudios que demuestran la presencia de esta toxina en diferentes presentaciones de café. En el caso de Costa Rica, en el año 2007 se publicó un estudio donde se encontró ocratoxina A en producto puesto a la venta en niveles inferiores a los máximos permitidos en otros países. Esto evidencia que nuestro país no está exento de esta problemática, que se requieren más estudios al respecto y que finalmente se establezcan las concentraciones máximas permitidas de ocratoxina A en café.
Bilecik İli Hayvansal Atıklarının Biyogaz Potansiyellerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: YEREL KANDEMİR Suheyla , AÇIKKALP Emin 
Published: June 2019

Ülkemizde kaynak bakımından önemli yenilenebilir enerji
kaynaklarından bir tanesi de biyogazdır. Bilecik ili hayvancılığın yaygın olarak
yapıldığı illerden bir tanesidir. Bu çalışmada ilk olarak, Bilecik ilindeki
hayvanlarının sayısı ve atıklarının 2011- 2017 yılları arasındaki değişimi
tespit edilmiştir. Bu veriler göz önüne alınarak hayvansal atıklardan elde
edilebilecek biyogaz ve biyogazdan üretilebilecek elektrik enerjisi eşdeğeri
belirlenmiştir. Bilecik'in 2011 yılında
1,017,522 tane ile en az hayvan sayısına sahip olduğu yıl, 2017’nin ise 4,609,707
tane ile en fazla hayvan sayısına sahip yıl olduğu görülmüştür. Veriler analiz edildiğinde,
Bilecik ilinin 2017 yılında en fazla biyogaz potansiyeli ve en fazla elektrik
enerjisi eşdeğerine sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Daha sonra yıllık elektrik
enerjisi eşdeğerleri yıllık elektrik tüketimi değerleri ile
karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuç olarak biyogazdan elde edilen yıllık elektrik
enerjisi eşdeğerlerinin Bilecik ilindeki toplam yıllık elektrik tüketimini
karşıladığı görülmüştür.
Uji Efektifitas Pertumbuhan Vegetatif Bunga Nusa Indah (Mussaenda Pubescens) Terhadap Pemberian ZPT Organik Jagung Muda Pada Berbagai Sumber Setek
Authors: Kaffi Usmar 
Published: June 2019

Pengembangan tanaman hias di tanah air sangat dipengaruhi oleh metode bercocok tanam, olehnya itu faktor penting yang harus diperhatikan adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan serta keterampilan petani sehingga mereka mampu berusaha dengan maksimal serta memanfaatkan peluang seefisien mungkin. Salah satu jenis tanaman hias yang banyak diminati oleh masyarakat karena penampilannya yang menarik adalah bunga nusa indah (Mussaenda pubescens). Nusa indah merupakan salah satu tanaman hias yang banyak ditanam oleh masyarakat. Saat ini dikenal ada dua jenis bunga nusa indah yaitu warna orange dan putih. Salah satu permasalahan pada tanaman bunga Nusa Indah adalah perbanyakam yang sulit dilakukan. Salah satu upaya yang bisa dilakukan adalah penggunaan zat pengatur tumbuh dan sumber setek yang digunakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efektifitas petumbuhan vegetatif bunga nusa indah terhadap pemberian ekstrak jagung muda pada berbagai sumber setek. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan dua faktor yaitu Faktor J (Ekstrak Jagung) yang terdiri dari 3 taraf,yaitu tanpa ekstrak, ekstrak jagung manis dan ekstrak jagung pulut. Dan Faktor S (Sumber Setek) yang terdiri dari 3 taraf yaitu setek pangkal,setek tengah dan setek pucuk, diperoleh 9 kombinasi perlakuan dengan 3 ulangan sehingga diperoleh 27 unit perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan Interaksi antara ekstrak jagung pulut (J2) dan sumber setek tengah batang (S2) memberikan pengaruh terbaik pada parameter waktu muncul tunas. Pemberian ekstrak jagung pulut memberikan pengaruh terbaik terhadap parameter waktu muncul tunas, panjang tunas, jumlah daun dan panjang akar. Sumber setek tengah batang memberikan pengaruh terbaik pada parameter waktu muncul tunas dan panjang akar.