bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of reduced sleepiness symptoms in heart failure and obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Pak Victoria M. , Strouss Lisa , Yaggi Henry K. , Redeker Nancy S. , Mohsenin Vahid , Riegel Barbara 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPatients with both heart failure and obstructive sleep apnea often have poor, repeatedly disrupted sleep, and yet they frequently do not complain of excessive daytime sleepiness. Understanding this lack of perceived sleepiness is crucial for the case identification and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in the heart failure population at high risk of this disease, especially given the association between untreated obstructive sleep apnea and mortality among patients with heart failure. In this review, we present epidemiologic evidence concerning the lack of sleepiness symptoms in heart failure and obstructive sleep apnea, explore possible mechanistic explanations for this relationship, assess the benefits of treatment in this population, discuss implications for clinical practice and explore directions for future research.
Anterior hippocampus volume loss in narcolepsy with cataplexy
Authors: Křečková Martina , Kemlink David , Šonka Karel , Krásenský Jan , Bušková Jitka , Vaněčková Manuela , Němcová Veronika 
Published: November 2018

AbstractNarcolepsy with cataplexy is a lifelong disease resulting from the loss of hypocretin neurons in the hypothalamus; structural changes are not, however, limited only to the hypothalamus. We previously revealed an overall hippocampal volume loss in narcolepsy with cataplexy. The aim of this study is to describe the volume reduction of the anterior and posterior parts of the hippocampus in patients with narcolepsy with cataplexyin comparison with a control group. The anterior hippocampus is more involved in episodic memory and imagination, and the posterior hippocampus in spatial memory. Manual magnetic resonance imaging hippocampal volumetry was performed in 48 patients with narcolepsy with cataplexyand in 37 controls using the manual delineation technique in the ScanView program. All participants were examined on the same 1.5 TMRscanner; measurement was carried out as T1W 3D image with a slice thickness of 1.0/0 mm. There was a significant absolute loss of the total volume of the anterior hippocampus (sum of left and right) in patients with narcolepsy with cataplexyas compared with the controls (10.5%,p = .03ANCOVAafter correcting for total brain volume and multiple testing). We found a negative correlation between the total anterior hippocampus volume and the duration of the disease (R = −0.4036,p = .016—corrected for multiple testing).
High response and re‐infection rates among people who inject drugs treated for hepatitis C in a community needle and syringe programme
Authors: Schulkind Jasmine , Stephens Brian , Ahmad Farsana , Johnston Linda , Hutchinson Sharon , Thain Donna , Ward Zoe , Vickerman Peter , Hickman Matt , Dillon John F. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryTo achieve WHO hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination targets by 2030, mathematical models suggest there needs to be significant scale‐up of treatment among people who inject drugs (PWID). We tested whether people who actively inject drugs can be recruited and treated successfully through a community needle and syringe programme (NSP), and assessed rates of re‐infection. 105 HCV RNA positive participants were enrolled prospectively. Participants were recruited from the largest NSP in Dundee over 42 months. 94/105 individuals commenced treatment. Genotype 1 (G1) individuals (n = 37) were treated with peg‐interferon+ribavirin+Simepravir/Telaprevir. Genotype 2/3 (G2/3) (n = 57) received peg‐interferon+ribavirin. Weekly study visits took place within the NSP. Mean age of participants was 34.0 years (SD 6.9), 71.3% (61/94) were male. One in five (20/94) participants were homeless. 68.1% (64/94) were on OST (opiate substitution therapy) at enrolment; participants injected median 6.5 times/wk. In terms of clinical outcomes, >80% treatment adherence was 71.3% (67/94). There was no difference in SVR‐12 rates by genotype: 81.0% (30/37) for G1 and 82.5% (47/55) for G2/3. At 18 months post‐treatment, 15/77 participants were reinfected, followed up over 69.8 person‐years, yielding a re‐infection rate of 21.5/100 person‐years (95% CI 13.00‐35.65). This trial demonstrates that HCV treatment can be delivered successfully to the target population of treatment as prevention strategies. We report higher rates of re‐infection than existing estimates among PWID. Scale‐up of HCV treatment should be pursued alongside a comprehensive programme of harm reduction interventions to help minimize re‐infection and reduce HCV transmission.
Primordial heavy noble gases in the pristine Paris carbonaceous chondrite
Authors: Bekaert David V. , Marrocchi Yves , Meshik Alex , Remusat Laurent , Marty Bernard 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe Paris carbonaceous chondrite represents the most pristine carbonaceous chondrite, providing a unique opportunity to investigate the composition of early solar system materials prior to the onset of significant aqueous alteration. A dual origin (namely from the inner and outer solar system) has been demonstrated for water in the Paris meteorite parent body (Piani et al. ). Here, we aim to evaluate the contribution of outer solar system (cometary‐like) water ice to the inner solar system water ice using Xe isotopes. We report Ar, Kr, and high‐precision Xe isotopic measurements within bulk CM 2.9 and CM 2.7 fragments, as well as Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe isotope compositions of the insoluble organic matter (IOM). Noble gas signatures are similar to chondritic phase Q with no evidence for a cometary‐like Xe component. Small excesses in the heavy Xe isotopes relative to phase Q within bulk samples are attributed to contributions from presolar materials. CM 2.7 fragments have lower Ar/Xe relative to more pristine CM 2.9 fragments, with no systematic difference in Xe contents. We conclude that Kr and Xe were little affected by aqueous alteration, in agreement with (1) minor degrees of alteration and (2) no significant differences in the chemical signature of organic matter in CM 2.7 and CM 2.9 areas (Vinogradoff et al. ). Xenon contents in the IOM are larger than previously published data of Xe in chondritic IOM, in line with the Xe component in Paris being pristine and preserved from Xe loss during aqueous alteration/thermal metamorphism.
Urinary albumin excretion in rheumatoid arthritis is not associated with markers of vasculopathy in distal microvascular beds
Authors: Anyfanti Panagiota , Triantafyllou Areti , Gkaliagkousi Eugenia , Zabulis Xenophon , Dolgyras Panagiotis , Galanopoulou Vasiliki , Aslanidis Spyros , Douma Stella 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveIncreased UAE is a marker of generalized vascular damage in high‐cardiovascular risk patients. However, it remains unknown whether it corresponds to a state of diffuse vasculopathy in high‐risk patients with RA.MethodsUAE was estimated in 24‐hour urine samples in RA and non‐RA individuals. Retinal arteriolar and venular diameters were calculated from retinal images with computerized software. SEVR was estimated as an index of microvascular coronary perfusion with applanation tonometry. Dermal capillary density was measured from images obtained with nailfold capillaroscopy, using specifically designed software.ResultsIn a total of 111 individuals, neither UAE (5.1 [2.8‐10.8] vs 6.5 [3.0‐11.7] mg/24 h) nor prevalence of microalbuminuria (11.0% vs 8.1%) significantly differed between patients (n = 74) and controls (n = 37). In the RA group, UAE was not significantly associated with inflammation, nor with any of the studied microvascular indices of the retinal microvasculature, the coronary microcirculation, and the dermal capillary network.ConclusionAmong RA patients, UAE was not associated with markers of vasculopathy in distal microvascular beds. Increased UAE in RA might be primarily considered as a manifestation of localized, compromised function of the renal microvasculature, rather than a marker of generalized microvascular impairment.
Heterogeneity in α‐synuclein subtypes and their expression in cortical brain tissue lysates from Lewy body diseases and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Vaikath N. N. , Erskine D. , Morris C. M. , Majbour N. K. , Vekrellis K. , Li J.‐Y. , El‐Agnaf O. M. A. 
Published: November 2018

AimsLewy body diseases are neuropathologically characterized by the abnormal accumulation of α‐synuclein (α‐syn) protein within vulnerable neurons. Although studies have evaluated α‐syn inpost mortembrain tissue, previous findings have been limited by typically employing pan‐α‐syn antibodies that may not recognize disease‐relevant forms of protein. We investigated the presence of α‐syn species present inpost mortembrain tissues from Lewy body disease and Alzheimer's disease.MethodsSoluble and insoluble/aggregated α‐syn from frontal cortex ofpost mortembrain tissues form Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and aged control cases were sequentially extracted using buffers with increasing detergent concentrations. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to quantify the levels of total‐, oligomeric‐ and phosphorylated‐Ser129‐α‐syn (t‐, o‐ andpS129‐α‐syn).ELISAdata were validated by western blot and compared to histological data from the same region of the contralateral hemisphere.ResultsThere was no difference in t‐α‐syn levels between groups in the aqueous‐soluble, detergent‐soluble or urea‐soluble tissue fractions. However, aqueous‐soluble non‐phosphorylated o‐α‐syn was increased not only inPDandDLBbut also inADwithout neocortical Lewy bodies. InPDandAD,pS129‐α‐syn was increased in the detergent‐soluble tissue fragment and, inAD, this was positively correlated with the burden of tau pathology. Increased levels of urea‐solublepS129‐α‐syn were demonstrated only inDLBtissue lysates but this did not correlate with Lewy body pathological burden.ConclusionsTaken together, these findings suggest thatDLBhave elevated levels of insolublepS129‐α‐syn, but that increased levels of aqueous‐soluble o‐α‐syn and detergent‐solublepS129‐α‐syn are also observed inPDandAD, suggesting different changes to α‐syn across the spectrum of neurodegenerative proteopathies.
Relationships among tongue volume, hyoid position, airway volume and maxillofacial form in paediatric patients with Class‐I, Class‐II and Class‐III malocclusions
Authors: Iwasaki Tomonori , Suga Hokuto , Yanagisawa‐Minami Ayaka , Sato Hideo , Sato‐Hashiguchi Makiko , Shirazawa Yoshito , Tsujii Toshiya , Yamamoto Yuushi , Kanomi Ryuzo , Yamasaki Youichi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo clarify the associations among tongue volume, hyoid position, airway volume and maxillofacial form using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) data for children with Class‐I, Class‐II and Class‐III malocclusion.Setting and Sample PopulationSixty children (mean age, 9.2 years) divided into Class‐I, Class‐II and Class‐III malocclusion groups according to the A‐nasion‐B angle.Material and MethodsCone beam computed tomography was used for three‐dimensional reconstruction of the maxillofacial region and airway. The hyoid position and the tongue, airway and oral cavity volumes were evaluated. Upper airway ventilation status was calculated using computational fluid dynamics. The groups were compared using analysis of variance and Kruskal‐Wallis tests; relationships among the parameters were assessed using Pearson's and Spearman's rank correlation tests.ResultsThe tongue volume was larger in Class‐III patients (50.63 cm3) than in Class‐I patients (44.24 cm3; P < 0.05). The hyoid position was lower (49.44 cm), and anatomical balance (AB; tongue volume/oral cavity volume; 85.06%) was greater in Class‐II patients than in Class‐I patients (46.06 cm, 80.57%, respectively; P < 0.05 for both). The hyoid height showed a positive correlation with AB (r = 0.614; P < 0.001).ConclusionsChildren with Class‐III malocclusion have large tongue volumes and small AB; the reverse is true for children with Class‐II malocclusion. The hyoid position is closely associated with AB in children with malocclusion.
Upregulation of proteins of the NLRP3 inflammasome in patients with periodontitis and uncontrolled type 2 diabetes
Authors: García‐Hernández Ana Lilia , Muñoz‐Saavedra Ángel Enrique , González‐Alva Patricia , Moreno‐Fierros Leticia , Llamosas‐Hernández Fulgencio Eduardo , Cifuentes‐Mendiola Saul Ernesto , Rubio‐Infante Nestor 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the expression of proteins related to activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), and to determine whether the exacerbated periodontal pathological process observed in diabetic patients is related to its upregulation.Materials and MethodsWe performed an observational, analytical, cross‐sectional study in three study groups: individuals systemically and orally healthy, and patients with CP with and without T2D. Gingival biopsies were taken from the three study groups. The expression of mRNAs for CASP1, NLRP3 and ASC was detected using real‐time PCR, and the expression of NLRP3 and ASC proteins was determined by immunohistochemistry. The quantification of IL‐18 and IL‐1β was determined in the gingival crevicular fluid using ELISA. The results were analysed by ANOVA followed by Tukey's test to compare differences between individual groups.ResultsPatients with CP and uncontrolled T2D presented severe periodontal disease and inflammation (PPD, p = 0.0072; CAL, p = 0.0480; bone loss, p = 0.0088), higher levels of CASP1 mRNA expression (p = 0.0026), a stronger pattern of staining for NLRP3 and ASC proteins in the epithelium and connective tissues, and significantly higher production of IL‐18 (p = 0.0063) and IL‐1β (p = 0.0018) in comparison with healthy or CP subjects.ConclusionThe upregulation of genes and proteins involved in the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome components in patients with periodontitis and uncontrolled T2D suggests a possible role in the more severe pathological processes leading to destruction of periodontal tissues observed in these patients.
Seated Burials of the La Tène Iron Age
Authors: Lamb Andrew William 
Published: November 2018

SummaryThis paper examines the evidence available for a distinct form of burial in Iron Age Europe, of which an increasing number of examples are known: seated inhumations. These inhumations have long been recognized on the continent; however, recent excavations, revealing specific details surrounding individual burials, have enriched our understanding of them. Moreover, new discoveries, combined with a review of the published literature, suggest that the rite was also practised in Britain. This paper highlights the particular characteristics observed in such burials, explores their possible social role, and considers how such burials may fit into the ever‐expanding mortuary dataset for the pre‐Roman La Tène period (c.500–20 bc / ad 43).
The Phaistos Disk: A New Way of Viewing the Language Behind the Script
Authors: Davis Brent 
Published: November 2018

SummaryThis paper outlines a new linguistics‐based method of investigating the languages behind the undeciphered members of the Bronze Age Aegean family of syllabic scripts. Using this new method to compare the pictographic script on the Phaistos Disk against Linear A, the main script of the Minoans, reveals a statistically significant similarity in the behaviour of the homomorphs in the two scripts, strongly suggesting that both scripts encode the same language.
Genetic risk factors for the development of pulmonary disease identified by genome‐wide association
Authors: Hall Robert , Hall Ian P. , Sayers Ian 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTChronic respiratory diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) combined affect over 500 million people worldwide. While environmental factors are important in disease progression, asthma and COPD have long been known to be heritable with genetic components playing an important role in the risk of developing disease. Identification of genetic variation contributing to disease progression is important for a number of reasons including identification of risk alleles, understanding underlying disease mechanisms and development of novel therapies. Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have been successful in identifying many loci associated with lung function, COPD and asthma. In recent years, meta‐analyses and improved imputation have facilitated the growth of GWAS in terms of numbers of subjects and the number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) that can be interrogated. As a consequence, there has been a significant increase in the number of signals associated with asthma, COPD and lung function. SNP that have shown association with lung function reassuringly show a significant overlap with SNP associated with COPD giving a glimpse at pathways that may be involved in COPD mechanisms including genes in, for example, developmental pathways. In asthma, association signals are often in or near genes involved in both adaptive and innate immune response pathways, epithelial cell homeostasis and airway structural changes. The challenges now are translating these genetic signals into a new understanding of lung biology, understanding how variants impact health and disease and how they may provide opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
Spectrum of mutations of cystic fibrosis in the 22 Arab countries: A systematic review
Authors: Al‐Sadeq Duaa , Abunada Taghreed , Dalloul Rajaa , Fahad Sara , Taleb Sara , Aljassim Kholoud , Al Hamed Fatima Alzahra , Zayed Hatem 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTCystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive genetic disease caused by mutations in theCFTRgene, with various clinical manifestations that affect pulmonary, digestive, exocrine and male reproductive functions as well as the bones and kidneys. This study aimed to reveal the spectrum ofCFTRgene mutations in Arab CF patients and their corresponding clinical phenotypes among the 22 Arab countries. We searched four literature databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science and Scopus) from their times of inception to January 2018. All possible search terms were used to encompass the different clinical phenotypes, disease incidences,CFTRmutations, ages and consanguinity rates of CF patients in the 22 Arab countries. Our search strategy identified 678 articles; of these, 72 were eligible for this systematic review. We retrieved data from 18 Arab countries; only 1766 Arab patients with CF were identified, even after additional searches using Google and Google Scholar. The search uncovered a wide spectrum of mutations, some of which are shared with other ethnic groups and some unique to Arab patients. Although the clinical phenotypes of Arab patients were typical of CF, several distinct phenotypes were reported. Despite the rarity of genetic epidemiological studies of CF patients among the 22 Arab nations, the disease is frequently reported in Arab countries where consanguineous marriage is common. Therefore, significant attention should be paid to this problem by implementing carrier and premarital screening, newborn screening and genetic counselling.
Low back pain and associated disability in Swedish adolescents
Authors: Sundell Claes‐Göran , Bergström Erik , Larsén Karin 
Published: November 2018

IntroductionLow back pain (LBP) defined as ache or pain in the lowest part of the back is a common experience among people all over the world. The lifetime prevalence is reported to be as high as 84%, and the prevalence of LBP seems to be almost the same among adolescents as among adults. The risk for having LBP later in life if you experienced LBP in adolescence is high.Material and MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study of 2550 students aged 16‐20 years, we used the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire for the analysis of musculo‐skeletal symptoms. We studied gender difference, prevalence, and disability of Low back pain. We also studied differences in LBP in adolescent athletes depending on hours spent on sports or physical activity.ResultsSignificantly, more girls than boys had had problems sometimes during their life. Those who participated in sports reported LBP to a significantly higher extent than those who were physically inactive in their spare time. Gender and spare time sports were important risk factors for getting LBP some time in life. There was a higher risk for girls to have low back pain problems more than 30 days or daily the last year if they had had low back pain some time earlier in life.ConclusionThis study shows that low back pain (LBP) is common among Swedish adolescents, more common among girls than boys. High sport activity was associated with the risk of having LBP, length of time with LBP, and disability due to LBP.
Biomechanical properties of plate constructs for feline ilial fracture gap stabilization
Authors: Schmierer Philipp A. , Smolders Lucas A. , Zderic Ivan , Gueorguiev Boyko , Pozzi Antonio , Knell Sebastian C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the biomechanical properties of plating techniques for comminuted feline ilial fractures.Study designEx vivo study on 40 paired feline hemipelves.Sample populationForty paired fresh‐frozen hemipelves that had been collected from 20 cats aged 2‐6 years and weighing 4.0‐5.5 kg.MethodsA transverse 3‐mm gap was created in each ilium. Hemipelves were fixed with one of the following methods (n = 10 per group): (1) a dorsal plate and nonlocking screws, (2) a lateral plate and nonlocking screws, (3) a lateral plate and locking screws, or (4) a lateral and dorsal locking compression plate using nonlocking screws. Each specimen was subjected to incremental, sinusoidal cyclic loading until failure, defined as 10‐mm displacement. The initial stiffness and number of cycles required to reach 1‐, 2‐, 5‐, and 10‐mm axial displacement were statistically analyzed.ResultsThe initial stiffness and number of cycles to failure were higher in specimens fixed with double nonlocking plates than in all other fixations (P < .05) except specimens fixed with lateral locking plate at 10‐mm displacement (P = .44). Locking implants withstood more cycles to 5‐ (P < .05) and 10‐mm (P < .05) displacement compared with other single‐plate nonlocking groups. Screw loosening occurred only in the 3 nonlocking fixations.ConclusionDouble plating improved stiffness and resistance to failure of comminuted feline ilial fracture constructs compared with all other fixations. Single locking plates produced superior constructs compared with single nonlocking constructs.Clinical significanceLocking implants are recommended to repair comminuted feline ilial fractures for their extended fatigue life and resistance to screw loosening. Orthogonal plating offers a strong nonlocking alternative.
Determination of fats, oils and greases in food service establishment wastewater using a modification of the Gerber method
Authors: Gurd C. , Jefferson B. , Villa R. , De Castro Rodriguez C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDischarges from food service establishments (FSEs) are a major source of fat, oil and grease (FOG) which cause blockages in sewer networks. Previous research has identified that current methods are unsuitable for quantifying FOG in FSE wastewater owing to interference from surfactants in detergents, and protein from food residuals which emulsify FOG. A novel quantification method, based on the dairy industry Gerber method, has been developed which negates the impact of surfactants. Moreover, the method allows free and emulsified oil to be quantified separately providing greater insight into FOG management strategies. Trials in synthetic and real FSE wastewaters indicate the novel method is more reliable than standard liquid–liquid and solid phase extraction in FOG‐rich systems.