bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and aetiology of coccidiosis in broiler chickens in Bejaia province, Algeria
Authors: Debbou-Iouknane Nedjima , Benbarek Hama , Ayad Abdelhanine 
Published: September 2018

The prevalence of coccidiosis was determined and Eimeria species were identified in farms at different locations in the Bejaia region, Algeria. The study was conducted from February to December 2016. Unvaccinated birds were selected randomly. Samples from litter and faeces were collected randomly (147 and 109, respectively). Necropsy and parasitological examinations were carried out using standard methods. Of the samples examined, 93 out of the 147 litter samples and 78 out of the 109 intestinal content samples were infected with Eimeria oocysts (63.26% and 71.55%, respectively). Mixed infections with Eimeria spp. were observed in some of the positive farms, with an overall prevalence of 54.28%. Five species of Eimeria (viz. E. acervulina, E. tenella, E. maxima, E. brunetti and E. mitis) were identified with different indices. Eimeria acervulina followed by E. tenella were the predominant species infecting chickens at the farms visited (32.05% and 26.92%, respectively). Statistically, the most prevalent Eimeria spp. was E. Acervulina (p < 0.05). This study demonstrated that coccidiosis is an omnipresent parasitic intestinal disease. It could strongly decrease production performance in broiler chickens.
A semi-automatic tool to georeference historical landscape images
Authors: Blanc Nicolas , Produit Timothée , Ingensand Jens 
Published: September 2018

Smapshot is a web-based participatory virtual globe where users can georeference historical images of the landscape by clicking a minimum of six well identifiable correspondence points between the image and a 3D virtual globe. The images database is expected to grow exponentially. In a near future, the work of the web users will no longer be enough.
To tackle this issue, we developed a semi-automatic process to georeference images. The volunteers will be shown only images having a maximum number of neighbour images in the matching graph. These neighbour images are the ones with which they share some overlay. This overlap is detected using the SIFT algorithm in a pairewise matching process.
For an image pair made of a reference image with a known pose and a query image we want to georeference, we extracted the 3D world coordinates of the tie points from a digital elevation model.
Then, by running a perspective-n-point algorithm after having geometrically tested the resulting homography between the two images, we compute the 6 degree of freedom pose, i.e. the position (X,Y,Z) and orientation (azimuth, tilt and roll angles) of the query image. The query image then becomes a reference and the georeference computation can be propagated more deeply in the graph structure.
Customer‐Oriented Evaluation of Vehicle Handling Characteristics
Authors: Mihailescu Adrian , Poltersdorf Stephan , Eckstein Lutz 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe handling quality of newly developed vehicles has reached a high standard for most car manufacturers. Nevertheless, many vehicle brands attempt to stand out based on the “handling character” of their vehicles. For this purpose, it is crucial to focus development efforts on technological advancements that clearly improve this handling character as perceived by the customer. This requires the possibility to predict customer evaluations of vehicle handling characteristics, preferably in all phases of vehicle development.The classical method for customer‐oriented handling evaluations are subjective evaluations, where vehicles are evaluated by selected customer groups or trained test drivers. Considering various rules regarding the execution and data analysis, this method can generate valuable results. However, the reproducibility and significance of subjective evaluations is limited because of several (human) factors, whereas the necessary effort remains high. Furthermore, the necessity for costly prototype vehicles conflicts with the increasingly virtual vehicle development process. These problems have led to various approaches to support or even replace subjective evaluations by objective results from measurements or simulations.This chapter provides an overview on methods of both subjective and objective evaluations and gives practical advice.
Clutch Actuation
Authors: Deur Joško , Ivanović Vladimir 
Published: September 2018

AbstractClutch actuator is a mechatronic system that is aimed to provide effective control of a variable that directly influences the clutch torque. The influencing variable is usually the clutch contact surface normal force, whereas in some specific cases of clutches without axial movement, this can be a nonmechanical variable such as the magnetic flux density. This chapter first presents design, principle of operation, and main components of various clutch actuation concepts, including traditional hydraulic and pneumatic systems, more recent electromechanical and electromagnetic systems, and emerging magnetorheological fluid and magnetic particle concepts. Next, the main static and transient features of the clutch actuation system behavior are described. Finally, the basic clutch torque control structures relying on open‐loop force control or closed‐loop position control are presented. This includes description of auxiliary estimation and control subsystems such as adaptive compensation of clutch clearance, actuator mechanism friction compensation, estimation of clutch friction interface temperature, and adaptation to clutch friction coefficient variation.
Launch Control
Authors: Harrison Andrew P. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Launch control means many things to different people. It can mean simply the method by which a vehicle accelerates from rest or a dedicated function designed to extract the maximum possible acceleration from a vehicle in a race or simulated race start event.
The manner in which a vehicle moves at low speed can be a dominant feature in determining both the subjective and the objective performances of a vehicle.

Traditional automatic transmissions employ a torque converter as their launch device. The continuous search for better efficiency has led to the development of new transmission concepts (
see
General Introduction—Basic Definitions, Structure of Part 4), many of which employ friction clutches as the launch device.

By combining a friction clutch with an electronic control system, it is possible to maintain many of the desirable attributes of the torque converter while improving the overall system efficiency and also introducing additional features and modes of operation.
This chapter discusses first the attributes most desirable of a modern launch control system and then moves on to discuss common control techniques applied to friction clutches in the modern automobile.
Gas Exchange—Breathing and Air Management
Authors: Payri Francisco , Desantes José M. , Luján José M. , Galindo José , Serrano José R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis chapter summarizes the main concepts of the gas exchange process in reciprocating internal combustion engines. The main indexes used to measure gas exchange process quality are volumetric efficiency and pumping losses; they have been described and analyzed in this chapter. The compressible flow effects in valves and ports, the flow inertia effects in ports and ducts, and the dynamic effects generated by pulsating flow in the intake and exhaust lines have been briefly analyzed in the different subsections. The influence of valve cross section and timing on volumetric efficiency has been discussed in relation with the previously mentioned flow concepts. General relations between those phenomena and variables are provided through the different sections with the aim of highlighting those concepts that are relevant to the automotive engineer for the tasks of designing and diagnosing. Finally, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and pumping work are specifically studied as part of the wider air management concept and as complementary processes to the cylinder gas exchange process.
Technologies—Positioning
GNSS
Authors: Jaschke Klaus P. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT

This chapter gives an overview of global navigation satellite systems (
GNSSs
) from the perspective of existing operational and upcoming systems. These systems are used in a wide range of automotive applications to get the precise time and to determine the position, velocity, and acceleration of vehicles or mobile devices. This chapter mainly focuses on the description of the global positioning system (
GPS
) set up by the United States. The physical principles of satellite navigation and the existing sources of errors of these systems are depicted. It gives an overview of how the position of the user is derived and how some errors could be minimized by using the so‐called augmentation systems. However, there are some errors such as multipath errors that can be resolved only with very expensive systems, for example, dual frequency receivers. The phenomenon of shadowing, for example, due to urban canyons, wet trees, or tunnels cannot be solved by
GNSS
alone. Here, additional sensors are needed. These additional sensor data can also be used for a fusion of the sensor data with
GNSS
data to achieve a better accuracy and higher availability.
Tracking and Navigation for Goods and People
Authors: Kessel Moritz , Werner Martin , Gschwandtner Florian , Linnhoff‐Popien Claudia 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIndoor positioning has become very popular in recent years. Application scenarios range from pedestrian navigation over asset tracking to automated industrial production. With the variety of uses, also the diversity of indoor positioning methods, technologies, and systems grows. This article explains how indoor positioning works; describes the basic methods such as lateration, dead reckoning, and scene analysis; motivates the need of indoor environmental models; and gives a comprehensive overview on existing and future indoor positioning and tracking systems classified according to the positioning technology in the rough context of automotive telematics and production. One aspect is the design principle and usability of certain methods and technologies for the complex problem of indoor positioning while considering different parameters such as accuracy, coverage, and cost.
Partially ablative radiotherapy (PAR) for large mass tumors using simultaneous integrated boost: A dose‐escalation feasibility study
Authors: Cilla Savino , Deodato Francesco , Ianiro Anna , Macchia Gabriella , Picardi Vincenzo , Buwenge Milly , Cammelli Silvia , Zamagni Alice , Valentini Vincenzo , Morganti Alessio G. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to assess the feasibility to plan and deliver highly heterogeneous doses to symptomatic large tumors using volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) during a short course palliative accelerated radiotherapy.MethodsA patient with a large symptomatic chordoma infiltrating the right gluteal region was selected. A modified SIB treatment was implemented to irradiate the central volume of the tumor (boost target volume, BTV) up to 10 Gy/fraction in a dose escalation trial while maintaining the remaining tumor volume (planning target volume, PTV) and the surrounding healthy tissues within 5 Gy/fraction in twice daily fractions for two consecutive days. Four SIB plans were generated in the dual‐arc modality; a basal dose of 20 Gy was prescribed to the PTV, while the BTV was boosted up to 40 Gy. For comparison purposes, plans obtained with a sequential boost (SEQ plans) were also generated. All plans were optimized to deliver at least 95% of the prescription dose to the targets. Dose contrast index (DCI), conformity index (CI), integral dose (ID), and the irradiated body volumes at 5, 10, and 20 Gy were evaluated.ResultsAt equal targets coverage, SIB plans provided major improvement in DCI, CI, and ID with respect to SEQ plans. When BTV dose escalated up to 200% of PTV prescription, DCI resulted in 66% for SIB plans and 37% for SEQ plans; the ID increase was only 11% for SIB plans (vs 27% for SEQ plans) and the increase in healthy tissues receiving more than 5, 10, and 20 Gy was less than 2%. Pretreatment dose verification reported a γ‐value passing rate greater than 95% with 3%(global)‐2 mm.ConclusionA modified SIB technique is dosimetrically feasible for large tumors, where doses higher than the tolerance dose of healthy tissues are necessary to increase the therapeutic gain.
Graphene‐Enhanced Nanomaterials for Wall Painting Protection
Authors: Zhu Jinmeng , Li Xuanhua , Zhang Yuanyuan , Wang Jia , Wei Bingqing 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWall paintings as the highly valuable treasure have been facing severe damaging problems over the years. Ca(OH)2 as a promising material to protect them has been studied for more than a decade. However, the synthesis methods are still costly, complex, and usually, involve an organic solvent. In addition, problems such as large particle size (>150 nm), slow and weak carbonation, and low consolidation strength for wall paintings remain unsolved. This study demonstrates an unprecedented concept of wall painting protection enabled by graphene‐enhanced nanomaterials through strategically synthesizing Ca(OH)2/graphene quantum dot (GQD) nanohybrids using a facile and economic aqueous method. The nanohybrids are uniform and small (center distribution at about 80 nm) and show strong adhesivity to wall painting pigments. In addition, the anti‐UV absorption ability of the nanohybrids is also a significant advantage. More importantly, the Ca(OH)2 is fully carbonated into a stable CaCO3 crystal phase “calcite” because of the GQD, which is crucial in wall painting consolidation. As a result, the graphene‐enhanced nanohybrids show superior conservation efficiency compared to as‐synthesized Ca(OH)2 and commercial Ca(OH)2 materials. The result opens a new direction for protecting cultural heritage using the newly emerging 2D nanomaterials.
Functional Peptide Nanofibers with Unique Tumor Targeting and Enzyme‐Induced Local Retention Properties
Authors: Bellat Vanessa , Ting Richard , Southard Teresa L. , Vahdat Linda , Molina Henrik , Fernandez Joseph , Aras Omer , Stokol Tracy , Law Benedict 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAn effective tumoral delivery system should show minimal removal by the reticuloendothelial system (RES), promote tumor uptake and penetration, and minimize on‐site clearance. This study reports the design and synthesis of advanced self‐assembling peptide nanofiber precursor (NFP) analogues. The peptidic nature of NFP offers the design flexibility for on‐demand customization with imaging agents and surface charges while maintaining a set size, allowing for real‐time monitoring of kinetic and dynamic tumoral delivery by multimodal fluorescence/positron emission tomography/computed tomography (fluo/PET/CT) imaging, for formulation optimization. The optimized glutathione (GSH)‐NFP displays a reduced capture by the RES as well as excellent tumor targeting and tissue invasion properties compared to naïve NFP. Inside a tumor, GSH‐NFP can structurally transform into ten times larger interfibril networks, serving as in situ depot that promotes weeks‐long local retention. This nanofiber, which can further be designed to release the active pharmacophores within a tumor microenvironment, displays a superior therapeutic efficacy for inhibiting disease progression and improving the survival of animals bearing triple‐negative breast cancer tumors compared to free drug and liposome formulation of the drug, in addition to a favorable toxicity profile.
Mitochondria‐ and Lysosomes‐Targeted Synergistic Chemo‐Photodynamic Therapy Associated with Self‐Monitoring by Dual Light‐Up Fluorescence
Authors: Chen Xiaohui , Li Yunxia , Li Shiwu , Gao Meng , Ren Li , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe current cancer therapy faces great challenges on improving the treatment efficiency and overcoming the drug resistance. To tackle these challenges, herein dual‐organelle‐targeted nanoparticles (NPs) are developed with synergistic chemo‐photodynamic therapy functions through self‐assembly of mitochondria‐targeted chemotherapeutic agent AIE‐Mito‐TPP and lysosomes‐targeted photosensitizer AlPcSNa4. The dual‐organelle‐targeted NPs can be quickly taken up by cancer cells through endocytosis and gradually decompose to release AIE‐Mito‐TPP and AlPcSNa4, which, respectively, accumulate in mitochondria and lysosomes. The AIE‐Mito‐TPP can efficiently destroy mitochondrial functions, while the AlPcSNa4 can efficiently destroy lysosomes via reactive oxygen species generation under NIR light irradiation. The dual‐organelle‐targeted drug delivery process can also be self‐monitored by the dual light‐up fluorescence of green‐emissive AIE‐Mito‐TPP and red‐emissive AlPcSNa4. With A375 cells and A375‐bearing nude mice as a model, the theranostic potential of the AIE‐Mito‐TPP/AlPcSNa4 NPs is systematically investigated both in vitro and in vivo. Under NIR light irradiation, the AIE‐Mito‐TPP/AlPcSNa4 NPs show a remarkable cytotoxicity against A375 cells and efficiently inhibit the in vivo tumor growth. Therefore, the theranostic NPs with dual‐organelle‐targeted and synergistic chemo‐photodynamic therapy functions associated with self‐monitoring ability are expected to have promising applications in imaging‐guided precise cancer therapy.
Synthesis and Characterization of Highly Efficient Solution‐Processable Green Ir(III) Complexes with High Current Efficiency and Very Low Efficiency Roll‐Off
Authors: Sree Vijaya Gopalan , Maheshwaran Athithan , Kim Hyein , Park Ho‐Yeol , Kim Youngkwang , Lee Jae Chol , Song Myungkwan , Jin Sung‐Ho 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThree new highly efficient green‐emitting heteroleptic phosphorescent iridium(III) complexes are designed and synthesized for the fabrication of solution‐processable phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (PHOLEDs). Their photophysical, thermal, and electroluminescent (EL) properties are systematically investigated. The Ir(III) complexes comprise an amide‐bridged trifluoromethyl (CF3)‐substituted phenylpyridine unit as the main ligand and picolinic acid (pic) and tetraphenylimidodiphosphinate (tpip) as ancillary ligands. In addition, the 2‐ethoxyethnol (EO2) solubilizing group is attached to the 4‐position of pic ancillary ligand via tandem reaction, which improved the absolute photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) and EL performance. The high‐performance solution‐processable PHOLEDs based on the bis[5‐methyl‐8‐trifluoromethyl‐5H‐benzo(c)(1,5)naphthyridin‐6‐one](4‐(2‐ethoxyethoxy picolinate) iridium(III) (Ir1) complex exhibit a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 24.22% and a maximum current efficiency (CE) of 92.44 cd A−1, with the latter being among the best reported CEs achieved though solution processing. In contrast, PHOLEDs with the bis[5‐hexyl‐8‐trifluoromethyl‐5H‐benzo(c)(1,5)naphthyridin‐6‐one] (tetraphenylimidodiphosphinato)iridium (Ir3) complex show extremely low efficiency roll‐off, with an EQEmax of 19.40% and an EQE of 19.29% at 10 000 cd m−2.
A Single Integrated 3D‐Printing Process Customizes Elastic and Sustainable Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Wearable Electronics
Authors: Chen Shuo , Huang Tao , Zuo Han , Qian Sihao , Guo Yifan , Sun Lijie , Lei Dong , Wu Qilin , Zhu Bo , He Chuanglong , Mo Xiumei , Jeffries Eric , Yu Hao , You Zhengwei 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTriboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) devices have gotten great attention in wearable power sources and physiological monitoring. However, the complicated assembling and the molding processing retard their applications. Here, 3D‐printed TENGs (3DP‐TENGs) are designed and readily fabricated by a single integrated process without additional assembling steps. The TENGs contain poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as the two electrification components. Conductive CNTs also serve as electrodes. Elastic PGS matrix makes TENGs intrinsically responsive to biomechanical motions leading to robust energy outputs. The hierarchical porous structure of the 3DP‐TENG results in higher output efficiency than traditional molded microporous TENG counterparts. TENGs with different 3D shapes are readily fabricated for different applications. The 3DP‐TENG insole efficiently harvests biomechanical energy to drive electronics. A ring‐shaped TENG acts as a self‐powered sensor to monitor the motion of fingers. Furthermore, the use of bio‐based and biodegradable PGS matrix combining with efficient recycle of CNTs makes 3DP‐TENGs favorable from sustainable perspective. This work provides a new strategy to design and tailor 3D TENGs that will be very useful for diverse electronic applications.
Complementary Logic with Voltage Zero‐Loss and Nano‐Watt Power via Configurable MoS2/WSe2 Gate
Authors: Zhang Heng , Li Chao , Wang Jianlu , Hu Weida , Zhang David Wei , Zhou Peng 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDue to the development of 2D material transistors research and preparation process, many fundamental logic units, like inverter and NAND gate, have been achieved to promote large‐scale integration. However, there are critical challenges like voltage loss and large dynamic power consumption for integrated circuits based on 2D semiconductors. Here high‐performance logic devices via different MoS2‐WSe2 configurations, a MoS2‐WSe2 complementary logic transmission gate with the ability to transport electrical level without any voltage loss and a MoS2‐WSe2 complementary logic inverter with small dynamic power consumption and maximum voltage gain of 18 are demonstrated. Furthermore, an essential logic unit like Schmidt flip‐flop is put forward by combining MoS2‐WSe2 inverter and graphene floating gate. The realization of various logics achieved by different MoS2‐WSe2 configurations makes it much easier to fabricate multifunctional system on a chip, which has a significant meaning for the development of high density integrated circuits.
Pressure/Temperature Sensing Bimodal Electronic Skin with Stimulus Discriminability and Linear Sensitivity
Authors: Bae Geun Yeol , Han Joong Tark , Lee Giwon , Lee Siyoung , Kim Sung Won , Park Sangsik , Kwon Jimin , Jung Sungjune , Cho Kilwon 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHuman skin imperfectly discriminates between pressure and temperature stimuli under mixed stimulation, and exhibits nonlinear sensitivity to each stimulus. Despite great advances in the field of electronic skin (E‐skin), the limitations of human skin have not previously been overcome. For the first time, the development of a stimulus‐discriminating and linearly sensitive bimodal E‐skin that can simultaneously detect and discriminate pressure and temperature stimuli in real time is reported. By introducing a novel device design and using a temperature‐independent material, near‐perfect stimulus discriminability is realized. In addition, the hierarchical contact behavior of the surface‐wrinkled microstructure and the optimally reduced graphene oxide in the E‐skin contribute to linear sensitivity to applied pressure/temperature stimuli over wide intensity range. The E‐skin exhibits a linear and high pressure sensitivity of 0.7 kPa−1 up to 25 kPa. Its operation is also robust and exhibits fast response to pressure stimulus within 50 ms. In the case of temperature stimulus, the E‐skin shows a linear and reproducible temperature coefficient of resistance of 0.83% K−1 in the temperature range 22–70 °C and fast response to temperature change within 100 ms. In addition, two types of stimuli are simultaneously detected and discriminated in real time by only impedance measurements.