bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The desire path: unleashing expectations, discussing apprehensions, and proposing a way forward for GAI use in higher education
Authors: Koroleva Diana , Jogezai Nazir 
Published: November 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the desire path of using GAI in higher education, including expectations, apprehensions, and the way forward.

Design/methodology/approach
This qualitative study employs thematic analysis, scrutinizing 11 interviews with innovative higher education faculty. The methodology section details the utilization of GAI (Chat GPT) for conducting thematic analysis on interviews, showcasing academics' practical application of this technology for research purposes.

Findings
Stakeholders expect continuous improvement in technology, overdependence, advocate for gradual adjustment, and emphasize context-dependent technology utilization. Concerns encompass issues such as data reliability, ethical considerations, risks of undermining fundamental aspects, limitations in fully replacing human involvement, and worries about personal responsibility.

Practical implications
Recommendations include flexible regulations, data-driven decision-making, professional development, diverse stakeholder engagement, and promoting distributed responsibility.

Originality/value
This study offers valuable insights into the use of GAI in higher education, formulating policies that encourage innovation without hampering effectiveness.
Are companies better off with AI? The effect of AI service failure events on firm value
Authors: Song Dan , Deng Zhaohua , Wang Bin 
Published: November 2024

PurposeAs more firms adopted AI-related services in recent years, AI service failures have increased. However, the potential costs of AI implementation are not well understood, especially the effect of AI service failure events. This study examines the influences of AI service failure events, including their industry, size, timing, and type, on firm value.Design/methodology/approachThis study will conduct an event study of 120 AI service failure events in listed companies to evaluate the costs of such events.FindingsFirst, AI service failure events have a negative impact on the firm value. Second, small firms experience more share price declines due to AI service failure events than large firms. Third, AI service failure events in more recent years have a more intensively negative impact than those in more distant years. Finally, we identify different types of AI service failure and find that there are order effects on firm value across the service failure event types: accuracy > safety > privacy > fairness.Originality/valueFirst, this study is the initial effort to empirically examine market reactions to AI service failure events using the event study method. Second, this study comprehensively considers the effect of contextual influencing factors, including industry type, firm size and event year. Third, this study improves the understanding of AI service failure by proposing a novel classification and disclosing the detailed impacts of different event types, which provides valuable guidance for managers and developers.
Corporate risk-taking, financial constraints and cash holdings: evidence from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Hamshary Fatima Saleh Abd Almajeed , Mohamad Ariff Akmalia , Kamarudin Khairul Anuar , Abd Majid Norakma 
Published: November 2024

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the association between corporate risk-taking and cash holdings, and whether financial constraints moderate this association.

Design/methodology/approach
Regression analyses were applied to 606 firm-year observations from Saudi Arabia from 2011 to 2020.

Findings
Firms with higher risk-taking exhibit higher cash holdings, whereas financially constrained firms have lower cash holdings. The positive association between corporate risk-taking and cash holdings is weaker for financially constrained firms than for nonconstrained firms.

Practical implications
For investors, investment decisions that include the cash holding assessment would also consider the firm-level uncertainty surrounding the firms.

Originality/value
This study explores the joint effect of corporate risk-taking and financial constraints on cash holding, and hence considers the strategic adaptations to navigate uncertainty in strategies related to cash holdings in Saudi Arabia.
Police specialism in England and Wales: an exploratory review
Authors: Barbin Arianna , Manning Mark , Davies Kari , Horvath Miranda A.H. 
Published: November 2024

Purpose
There is a surprising lack of underpinning evidence relating to how police specialism is defined, conceived and operationalised nationally. This study aims to shed light on the development of specialism, adding insights towards academic and police knowledge on the topic.

Design/methodology/approach
Exploratory research was conducted to draw evidence on police specialism in England and Wales according to publications in the literature and insights from high-ranking police officers. A total of 57 documents and 10 officers’ accounts were thematically analysed. Five main themes have been identified, relating to the development, impact and barriers of specialist units, knowledge and training.

Findings
Socio-cultural, policy-based and historical information that contributed to the development of specialism in its contemporary form were discussed. The conceptual triggers for the institution of most specialist units were disasters and a need for modernisation. In both cases, police forces were faced with the inability to keep up with emerging threats and new criminal techniques. Some exceptions apply, with specialisms of sex offences still being underdeveloped and underfunded compared to other crimes. Overall, although specialism has the potential to positively impact police efficacy, the specialist knowledge of officers working within specialist units is frequently inferred – rather than measured.

Practical implications
Organisational support and the quality of training impact specialism effectiveness. The substantial lack of resources allocated to specialism means that training for some crime types is either unavailable or difficult to complete. Police officers fear that specialism might lead to elitism and corrupt police practices. There is no evidence, however, that elitist beliefs are the direct result of specialism or rather additional co-occurring organisational, cultural and force-specific or role-dependant factors. Police officers’ wellbeing and specialist capacity take a significant toll.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this was the first modern study of its kind that investigated how police specialism is conceived, instituted and prioritised in England and Wales.
Evolution of Episiotomy Incidence and Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injury Over 10 Years: A Mixed‐Methods Study
Authors: Cormier Julie , Mirouse Lola , Barbot Janine , Goffinet François , Le Ray Camille 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo assess the association between the decrease in the use of episiotomy and the incidence of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) over a 10‐year period and understand their reasons by interviewing obstetricians and midwives.DesignMixed‐methods study.SettingA tertiary university public maternity hospital, Paris, France.PopulationAll patients who delivered vaginally between January 2012 and December 2021 in the maternity hospital and 20 interviews with obstetrician‐gynaecologists and midwives.MethodsQuantitative data analysis using a multivariate logistic regression model, stratifying on the mode of delivery. Semi‐structured interview with 20 obstetricians and midwives, with an interview guide.Main Outcome MeasuresObstetric anal sphincter injuries.ResultsThe quantitative study of 37 942 women (16.1% of whom had an episiotomy and 1.4% OASIS) shows that, the incidence of episiotomy decreased from 25% to 7.6% over this 10‐year period. Allow on the known risk factors for OASIS, we demonstrate that its incidence rose (adjusted odds ratio 1.35, 95% confidence interval 1.09–1.67) for the years in which the episiotomy incidence fell below 10% for the overall population. The interviews showed professionals' apparent awareness that the decreased incidence in episiotomy (achieved by changes in departmental policy, redefining its benefit/risk balance and acquiring new skills to manage the expulsion phase) could lead to an increased incidence of OASIS.ConclusionsDecreasing the episiotomy incidence appears to be associated with a rising incidence of OASIS. The optimal incidence of episiotomy remains controversial in the literature and among professionals.
Comprehensive evaluation of water quality grades based on improved CRITIC and multidimensional connection cloud combination
Authors: Zhou Wen , Xu Xinyu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study proposes a comprehensive water quality assessment method for nine major plateau lakes in Yunnan Province, based on an improved CRITIC method combined with a multidimensional connectivity cloud model. Key water quality monitoring indicators (NH3‐N, COD, TP, TN, permanganate index, DO, pH) were selected, and the weights were determined using the improved CRITIC method, highlighting the impact of NH3‐N, COD, and TP. These weights were then integrated with a multidimensional connectivity cloud model to classify lake water quality levels. The results indicated the following water quality grades for the lakes: Dianchi (III), Fuxian Lake (I), Erhai (II), Xingyun Lake (I), Qilu Lake (II), Yilong Lake (II), Lugu Lake (I), Yangzonghai (II), and Chenghai (II). Compared to five conventional methods, the proposed approach better addresses the issues of fuzziness, randomness, and discreteness in water quality indicators, avoiding the boundary selection problems inherent in traditional methods. By combining the improved CRITIC method with a multidimensional connectivity cloud model, the study achieves more precise and reliable evaluations through objective weighting and comprehensive consideration of multiple indicators. This method offers a more accurate reflection of lake water quality conditions and provides a scientific basis for water quality management and decision‐making, demonstrating significant potential for application in the field of environmental science.
A population‐based study using nomograms to predict overall and cancer‐specific survival in HPV‐associated CSCC
Authors: Zheng Suzheng , He Yong , Chen Yanan , Chen Ming , Xian Hua , Ming Wai‐kit , Jiang Yuzhen , Shan Wong Hoi , Hang Tie , Tan Xiaoqi , Lyu Jun , Deng Liehua 
Published: November 2024

AbstractConstructing and validating two nomograms to predict the overall survival (OS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) correlated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection was the main goal of this study. We constructed predictive models for OS and CSS incidence in HPV infection‐associated CSCC using information from 2238 patients in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and screened the variables by LASSO regression, Cox univariate regression, and Cox multifactorial regression models, which were calibrated and validated by internal and external cohorts. Finally, all patients were categorized into intermediate‐risk, low‐risk, and high‐risk groups based on the optimal threshold calculated from the total score. Multivariate analysis showed that HPV infection status, marital status, tumor metastatic stage, surgical status, radiotherapy status, lymph node biopsy, local lymph node dissection, primary tumor status, and bone metastasis were risk factors for OS and CSS. The C index, the time‐dependent area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve, and the column–line diagrams of the calibration plot were among the excellent‐performance metrics that were effectively displayed. Moreover, the decision curve analysis of the two nomograms consistently revealed their favorable net benefits spanning 1, 2, and 3 years. In addition, the survival curves indicate that each of the two risk classification systems clearly differentiates high, medium, and low risk groups. These meticulously crafted nomograms stand poised to serve as indispensable instruments in clinical practice, empowering clinicians to adeptly communicate with patients regarding their prognostic outlook over the forthcoming 1, 2, and 3 years.
Time in tight range: A key metric for optimal glucose control in the era of advanced diabetes technologies and therapeutics
Authors: Zhang Ziyi , Wang Yaxin , Lu Jingyi , Zhou Jian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCompared to glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), the rapidly developing continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) technology provides more detailed information about glycemic control. Amongst the new glucose metrics derived from CGM, time in target range of 3.9–10.0 mmol/L (time in range, TIR) has been widely used for the assessment of glucose control. In recent years, the rise of new technologies and therapies including advanced hybrid closed‐loop automated insulin delivery systems and new hypoglycemic drugs has made it possible to achieve better glycemic control. In this context, the concept of time in tight range (TITR), defined as the percentage of time spent in target glucose range of 3.9–7.8 mmol/L, has gained increasing attention. Whilst TITR is highly correlated with TIR, there are still differences between the two metrics. These differences make TITR a more appropriate indicator in certain situations, such as when glucose levels are close to normal or when tighter glycemic control is required. This review summarizes recent studies related to TITR.
The cumulative impact of type 2 diabetes and obstructive sleep apnoea on cardiovascular, liver, diabetes‐related and cancer outcomes
Authors: Riley David R. , Henney Alex , Anson Matthew , Hernadez Gema , Zhao Sizheng S. , Alam Uazman , Wilding John P. H. , Craig Sonya , Cuthbertson Daniel J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimA bidirectional relationship exists between obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). We aimed to examine the cumulative impact of having both OSA and T2D on patient outcomes, relative to having either condition alone.Materials and methodsUsing TriNetX, a global federated research network (n = 128 million), we undertook two retrospective cohort studies, using time‐to‐event analysis. Analysis 1 compared OSA with T2D versus OSA alone; analysis 2 compared T2D with OSA versus T2D alone. Propensity score matching using greedy nearest neighbour (calliper 0.1) balanced the cohorts (1:1) for significant covariates. Primary outcomes were cardiovascular, liver, diabetes‐related (microvascular) and cancer events over 1–5 years.ResultsAnalysis 1 (n = 179 688): A codiagnosis of T2D/OSA significantly increased risk of all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1.52; confidence interval [CI]: 1.48, 1.57), dementia (HR 1.19; CI: 1.12, 1.26), liver (HR 2.20; CI: 1.77, 2.73), pancreatic (HR 1.62; CI: 1.35, 1.93), colon, renal and endometrial cancers; all cardiovascular, microvascular and liver related outcomes versus OSA alone over 1–5 5 years following OSA diagnosis. Analysis 2 (n = 240 094): A codiagnosis of OSA/T2D significantly increased the risk of peripheral (HR 1.39; CI: 1.36, 1.43) and autonomic (HR 1.63; CI: 1.51, 1.75) neuropathy; retinopathy (HR 1.13; CI: 1.09, 1.18), CKD (HR 1.21; CI: 1.18, 1.23); all cardiovascular and liver outcomes; all‐cause mortality and several obesity related cancers versus T2D alone.ConclusionsT2D significantly potentiates risk of cardiovascular, malignancy and liver‐related outcomes in individuals with OSA. OSA, in individuals with T2D, significantly potentiates risk of cardiovascular disease, malignancy, death and several microvascular complications (retinopathy, CKD, peripheral/autonomic neuropathy).
Long‐term all‐cause mortality of metabolic‐dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease based on body weight phenotypes following acute myocardial infarction: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Koh Jaycie , Mohamed Ayman , Kong Gwyneth , Wong Esther , Chen Yiming , Anand Vickram Vijay , Chong Bryan , Chin Yip Han , Wang Jiong‐Wei , Khoo Chin Meng , Chan Siew Pang , Muthiah Mark , Dimitriadis Georgios K. , Chan Mark Yan‐Yee , Loh Poay‐Huan , Chew Nicholas W. S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveMetabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and obesity increases risk of cardiovascular disease. This cohort study examines the prognostic value of MASLD, across body weight categories, in a secondary preventative acute myocardial infarction (AMI) cohort.MethodsPatients with AMI were stratified into four phenotypes—obesity MASLD, non‐obesity MASLD, obesity non‐MASLD, non‐obesity non‐MASLD. The primary outcome was all‐cause mortality. Cox regression analysis was performed to investigate determinants of long‐term all‐cause mortality.ResultsOf 5702 patients, majority were in the non‐obesity non‐MASLD group (66.7%), followed by obesity MASLD (16.1%), non‐obesity MASLD (11.2%) and non‐obesity MASLD (6.0%). Across the four phenotypes, obesity MASLD had the highest cardiometabolic burden, followed by non‐obesity MASLD. Non‐obesity MASLD had the highest risk of heart failure (p = 0.034), cardiogenic shock (p < 0.001), and all‐cause long‐term mortality (p = 0.019). The non‐obesity MASLD (HR 1.400, 95%CI 1.077–1.820, p = 0.012) and obesity MASLD phenotypes (HR 1.222, 95%CI 1.005–1.485, p = 0.044) were independently associated with long‐term all‐cause mortality.ConclusionsObesity and non‐obesity MASLD phenotypes were predictors of all‐cause mortality following AMI, with an even larger magnitude of mortality risk in the non‐obesity MASLD group. The recognition of MASLD and its body weight phenotypes will be beneficial in the prognostication following AMI.
Paramagnetic rim lesions are associated with inner retinal layer thinning and progression independent of relapse activity in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Krajnc Nik , Hofer Leo , Föttinger Fabian , Dal‐Bianco Assunta , Leutmezer Fritz , Kornek Barbara , Rommer Paulus , Kasprian Gregor , Berger Thomas , Pemp Berthold , Haider Lukas , Bsteh Gabriel 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeParamagnetic rim lesions (PRLs) are chronic active lesions associated with a severe disease course in multiple sclerosis (MS). This study was undertaken to investigate an association between retinal layer thinning (annualized loss of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer [aLpRNFL] and ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer [aLGCIPL]) and PRLs in patients with MS (pwMS).MethodsIn this study, pwMS with brain magnetic resonance imaging and ≥2 optical coherence tomography scans were included. Cox proportional hazard regression models were performed using progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) as the dependent variable, and aLpRNFL, aLGCIPL, or the number of PRLs as independent variables, adjusted for covariates.ResultsWe analyzed data from 97 pwMS (mean age = 35.2 years [SD = 9.9], 71.1% female, median disease duration = 2.3 years [interquartile range = 0.9–9.0]). The number of PRLs was associated with aLpRNFL and aLGCIPL. PIRA was observed in 18 (18.6%) pwMS, with aLpRNFL (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.44 per %/year), aLGCIPL (HR = 1.61 per %/year), and the number of PRLs (HR = 1.24 per PRL) being associated with increased risk of PIRA.ConclusionsThe number of PRLs is associated with inner retinal layer thinning and increased risk of PIRA. A combination of PRLs and retinal layer thinning could serve as a surrogate for pwMS at highest risk of disability progression.
Brain neurovascular coupling in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Correlations with disease progression and cognitive impairment
Authors: Trojsi Francesca , Canna Antonietta , Sharbafshaaer Minoo , di Nardo Federica , Canale Fabrizio , Passaniti Carla , Pirozzi Maria Agnese , Silvestro Marcello , Orologio Ilaria , Russo Antonio , Cirillo Mario , Tessitore Alessandro , Siciliano Mattia , Esposito Fabrizio 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackground and purpose‘Neurovascular coupling’ (NVC) alterations, assessing the interplay between local cerebral perfusion and neural activity within a given brain region or network, may reflect neurovascular unit impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The aim was to explore NVC as a correlation between the functional connectivity and cerebral blood flow within the large‐scale resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging brain networks in a sample of ALS patients compared to healthy controls (HCs).MethodsForty‐eight ALS patients (30 males; mean age 60.64 ± 9.62 years) and 32 HC subjects (14 males; mean age 55.06 ± 16 years) were enrolled and underwent 3 T magnetic resonance imaging. ALS patients were screened by clinical and neuropsychological scales and were retrospectively classified as very fast progressors (VFPs), fast progressors and slow progressors (SPs).ResultsNeurovascular coupling reduction within the default mode network (DMN) (p = 0.005) was revealed in ALS patients compared to HCs, observing, for this network, significant NVC differences between VFP and SP groups. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that impaired NVC in the DMN at baseline best discriminated VFPs and SPs (area under the curve 75%). Significant correlations were found between NVC and the executive (r = 0.40, p = 0.01), memory (r = 0.32, p = 0.04), visuospatial ability (r = 0.40, p = 0.01) and non‐ALS‐specific (r = 0.40, p = 0.01) subscores of the Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen.ConclusionsThe reduction of brain NVC in the DMN may reflect largely distributed abnormalities of the neurovascular unit. NVC alterations in the DMN could play a role in anticipating a faster clinical progression in ALS patients, aiding patient selection and monitoring during clinical trials.
Study on Creep Behaviors of GH3230 Superalloy With Side Notches or a Center Inclined Hole at 900°C and 1000°C
Authors: Xu Qipeng , Hou Cheng , Ren Xiaodong , Yang Jingjing , Jin Xiaochao , Yang Qing , Fan Xueling 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTGH3230 superalloy is one of the most promising materials for aviation engine hot components, characterized by lots of holes and prone to creep failure. To study the effect of the side notches or center inclined hole on creep behaviors of GH3230 superalloy, a series of creep experiments and numerical simulations based on Sinh creep‐damage constitutive model were conducted at 900°C and 1000°C. The influence mechanism of notch strengthening on creep life was analyzed under different notch sizes. The results show that the opposite combination of stress triaxiality and multiaxial stress caused by notches determines the creep damage and life. With the increase of the stress concentration factor, the notch strengthening factor demonstrates a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, whereas the increase in net stress is accompanied by the augmentation of notch strengthening factor under the same stress concentration factor.