bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finnish Biodiversity Information Facility - Improving the Taxonomic Coverage and Deepening the Information Content Through Collaboration
Authors: Lahti Kari , Skarp Liselott 
Published: July 2019

The Finnish Biodiversity Information Facility FinBIF (LINK: species.fi), operational since late 2016, is one of the more recent examples of comprehensive, all-inclusive national biodiversity research infrastructures. FinBIF integrates a wide array of biodiversity information approaches under the same umbrella. These include species information Fig. 1 (e.g. descriptions, photos and administrative attributes); citizen science platforms enabling recording, managing and sharing of observation data; an e-learning environment for species identification; management and sharing of restricted data among authorities; building a national DNA barcode reference library and linking it to species occurrence data; community-driven species identification support; large-scale and multi-technology digitisation of natural history collections; and IUCN Red Listing to conduct a periodic national assesment of the status of the threatened species.
To improve the taxonomic coverage and the content of species information, FinBIF is starting a process to collaborate with the species information community at large, in order to collate already existing but not yet openly distributed information. This also means digitisation of information from analogue sources. In addition, the attempt is to join forces with Scandinavian counterparts, namely Artdatabanken (LINK: https://www.artdatabanken.se/) and Artsdatabanken (LINK: https://www.artsdatabanken.no/), for more efficient knowledge exchange within the countries sharing the same biogeographical region and thus similar species composition. The aim is also to reach politically high level agreement for deeper and wider commitment to collaborate in compiling, digitising and sharing relevant biodiversity information over the national borders.
An Ingested Foreign Body Presenting in Subcutaneous Plane on the Chest: A Rare Case
Authors: Shaikh Mohsin Ahmed Abdul Nabi , Mahuvakar Ankit Dilip , Gujrathi Atish Balajirao , Ambulgekar Vijayalaxmi Kishanrao 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTMigration of an ingested foreign body into subcutaneous plane is a very rare event. Most common migrating foreign bodies reported in literature are fish bones. We present a rare case of ingested foreign body, a ball point refill, which migrated and presented in the subcutaneous plane on the chest.
Schwannoma of Tonsillolingual Sulcus: First Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Verma Hitesh , Punia RPS 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTSchwannoma is a benign, encapsulated tumor that is derived from schwann's cells. The most common site is parapharyngeal space of the neck; oropharyngeal occurrence is extremely rare. Fourteen year male boy presented with a history of difficulty in swallowing, more for solids for the last 8 months. The patient also had a change of voice for the last 5 months and was muffled in character. Examination showed single lobulated mass having smooth surface, of the size of approximately 5 × 4 cm and was arising from the tonsillolingual sulcus. The fine needle aspiration cytology from the lesion, reported to be schwannoma. The mass was excised completely under general anesthesia with the help of bipolar cautery. We report first case of schwannoma of tonsillolingual sulcus and also review the literature of the rare entity.
Flap Selection in Head and Neck Cancer Reconstruction
Authors: Gupta Arunesh , Baliarsing Amresh S , Thorat Tushar S , Garg Sanchit , Bahat Uday , Bhattacharya Diptarka 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTAdvances in head and neck reconstruction techniques have improved the results in function and the aesthetic outcome. Several flaps with different composition are available for specific reconstruction to achieve optimum result. Sensate free tissue transfer, dental rehabilitation and epiphyseal transfer for pediatric mandible are also now possible to achieve better function. The specific choice of the flap according to the region of defect and important keypoints in harvesting and reconstruction strategy for head and neck cancer are based on our experience in the last two decades.
Dorsal Approach Rhinoplasty
Authors: Dubeta Kenneth R 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTDirect dorsal excision of skin and subcutaneous tissue is employed in rhinoplasty cases characterized by thick rigid skin to achieve satisfactory esthetic results, in which attempted repair by more conventional means would most likely frustrate both surgeon and patient.This historical review reminds us of the lesson: ‘History repeats itself.’ Built on a foundation of reconstructive rhinoplasty, modern cosmetic and corrective rhinoplasty have seen the parallel development of both open and closed techniques as ‘new’ methods are introduced and reintroduced again. It is from the perspective of constant evolution in the art of rhinoplasty surgery that the author presents, in Part II, his unique ‘eagle wing’ chevron incision technique of dorsal approach rhinoplasty, to overcome the problems posed by the rigid skin nose.
Invisible Orthodontics: Gen. Next!
Authors: Shivaprakash G. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The awareness about orthodontics has lead to drastic increase in many adult & adolescent seeking orthodontic treatment over the past decade. The two major setbacks for non acceptance include visibility of the appliance and the long duration of treatment. To overcome the aboveinvisible braces like - ceramic brackets, lingual brackets came into existence, but could not reduce the treatment time to a greater extent. Later surgical procedures like periodontal distraction, dentoalvelor distraction & inclusion of implant came to play. But involved surgical risk. To overcome these - the invisible braces so called clear aligners came into existence.
Clear aligners are a series of clear, removable teeth aligners that orthodontists use as an alternative to traditional metal/ceramic braces. They are more comfortable, kinder to tissues and used for minor orthodontic corrections.
ALL CERAMIC SYSTEMS - AN OVERVIEW
Authors: Shamnur Naveen , Shamnur Sunitha Naveen , Doddamani Santosh 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
In the search for alternative and esthetic restorative materials, many all-ceramic systems have been introduced for the general practitioner. They are used as veneers, inlays/onlays, crowns, and as enamel/dentin bonded partial or total coverage without macroretention. This article describes a classification of the different commercial all-ceramic systems and gives a review of their clinical durability. The primary changes in the field were the proliferation of zirconia-based frameworks and computer-aided fabrication of prostheses, as well as, a trend toward more clinically relevant in vitro test methods. Newer reinforced ceramics showed better durability then the earlier fired ceramic reconstructions. This report includes an overview of ceramic fabrication methods, suggestions for critical assessment of material property data.
Lasers in dentistry - Thinking ahead…
Authors: Priya NK , Sowmya NK , Ramakrishna Ashiwini 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Laser technology was introduced in the field of dentistry with a novel idea of overcoming few problems or drawbacks posed by the conventional methods. Theodore Maiman in 1960 introduced the first solid state ruby laser. Since then lasers have gained its popularity in different fields of dentistry. Laser in dentistry is now in vogue and now becoming a part of the dentist's armamentarium. This article gives an insight to the basics of laser physics, types of laser, mechanism of action, their interactions with biologic tissues and their advantage and disadvantage.

How to cite this article
Priya NK, Sowmya NK, Ashwini R, Madhushankari GS, Lasers in Dentistry - Thinking ahead… CODS J Dent 2014;6;102-107
Aerosol and splatter in Dentistry - An Overview
Authors: Mehta Dhoom Singh , Pulluri Preetham , Karibasappa Sowmya Nagur 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The environment in which we are surrounded is the sum total of living organisms like animals, plants and microorganisms and their actions which undergo constant changes, especially by human activity. It provides conditions for development and growth and also that of danger and damage. Aerosols are such products seen in the urban ecosystems in various forms. The presence of aerosols in earth's atmosphere can influence earth's climate, as well as human health. As they are omnipresent they form a universal challenge to all the dentists around the world to control their transmission and inhibit their action. Hence, in this article we have reviewed various properties of aerosols, methods of measurements, mode of transmission and standard precautions to be followed.

How to cite this article
Pulluri P, Karibasappa SN, Mehta DS, Aerosol and Splatter in Dentistry - An overview CODS J Dent 2015;7:28-32.
Comparative Evaluation of microhardness of type 2 Glass Ionomer Cement (restorative) and Zirconia based GIC - An In-Vitro Study
Authors: Lokhande Prakash 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aims
To evaluate the microhardness of type II glass-ionomer cement (GIC) (restorative) and zirconia based glass –ionomer cement.

Materials and Methods
Twenty cylindrical samples measuring 5mm (diameter) and 5mm in length were prepared with type II glass-ionomer cement that is restorative (n=10) and zirconia based glass-ionomer-cement (n=10). Finishing and polishing was made with coarse grit to fine grit. Then samples were subjected to Vickers hardness tester by using digital micro hardness tester (Zwick/Roell) under a load of 300 grams for 15 seconds. The data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis and unpaired‘t’ test was used to compare the micro hardness between two groups.

Result
Zirconia based glass-ionomer cements showed better micro hardness values as compared to that of type II glass-ionomer cement (restorative).

Conclusion
Better material with increased hardness like zirconia based GIC should be used in today's clinical practice. Further studies should be carried out to check other physical properties of zirconia based GIC.

How to cite this article
Lokhande P, Shivanna V. Comparative evaluation of micro hardness of type 2 Glass Ionomer cement (restorative) and Zirconia based GIC- An in vitro study. CODS J Dent 2015;7:4-7
Hypoplasia Management in permanent incisor caused by primary incisor intrusion- A case report
Authors: Ananthraj. A , Neena. I.E , Praveen. P 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOrofacial trauma is a serious orodental and general health problem that may have medical, esthetic and psychological consequences for children and their parents. When the root of the primary tooth is close to the unerupted permanent tooth, primary tooth trauma may result in developmental disturbances and pulpal reaction in that permanent tooth. We report a case in which injury to the primary dentition resulted in developmental disturbances in the underlying permanent tooth. Localized malformation of the crown and enamel hypoplasia was treated with a light-cured composite resin restoration.How to cite this articleNeena IE, Ananthraj A, Praveen P. Hypoplasia management in permanent incisor caused by primary incisor intrusion â€“A case report. CODS J Dent 2015;7:50-51
Unwanted Muscle Weakness following Botulinum Neurotoxin A Administration in Spinal Cord Injury with Literature Review
Authors: Joshi Tapan N 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNTA) is rapidly gaining acceptance for management of spasticity secondary to spinal cord injury (SCI). Due to its increased usage, more undesirable effects and complications have come in light. Unwanted distant and/or generalised muscle weakness is possible following BoNTA administration in SCI population causing temporary neurological and functional decline. Physicians should carefuly perform a clinical assessment of every patient individually for risks stratification. Additional studies for adult population evaluating adverse-effects of high dose of BoNTA treatment for spasticity management are indicated.
A Patient with Fixed Flexion Deformity of Hip and Knee
Authors: Das P , Basak A , Ghorai D , Pan P P , Khatua D K 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A 17 years old female patient presented to PMR OPD with fixed flexion deformity of left hip and knee and cachexia. Five years back a severe pain was suddenly developed in her left knee and thigh which was investigated for juvenile inflammatory arthropathy and rheumatic arthritis. At that time all the serological markers (ANA, RF, ASO titre) and x-ray of knee were normal. Subsequently left hip pain and restricted ROM were developed which made it clear that the knee pain was actually referred from hip. A plain x-ray of hip was done to rule out Perthe's disease which was reported as avascular necrosis of femur.
When the patient was examined at PMR OPD, a CT scan of hip, routine hemogram, CXR, Manteux test was advised considering a provisional diagnosis of infective pathology like TB hip with a differential of neoplaia in or around hip keeping in mind about cachexia and weight loss. Surprisingly CT scan showed a big mass originating from glutei muscles evading back of the thigh and even left sphincter ani muscle. Fortunately patient was continent at that time. Interestingly the pathological report suggested a relatively rare diagnosis which practically made the patient bedridden with commonly featured fixed flexion deformity.
Effectiveness of Tolperisone Hydrochloride with Aceclofenac as Combined Therapy in Acute Low Back Pain.
Authors: Bhattacharjya B , Naser S Mohammad , Biswas A , Kamal F , Banerjee K 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveAn open label, non-randomised, prospective study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of tolperisone hydrochloride 150mg thrice daily with aceclofenac 100mg twice daily compared to aceclofenac 100mg twice daily alone for the treatment of acute low back pain (LBP) for 14 days. total (n=242) patients recruited for the study were divided into two treatment groups. One of the group (n=124) received oral tolperisone plus aceclofenac and the other (n=118) Aceclofenac alone. The pain intensity was assessed by visual analogue scale. Patients were informed to report any adverse effect encountered during the study period. The overall effect of the drug (global assessment of the study medication) on pain and adverse effects were assessed by the patients at the end of the trial on a categorical scale. There was significant reduction in pain score in the tolperisone group than aceclofenac group with insignificant adverse effects which didn't require discontinuation of the study. Tolperisone when added with aceclofenac can be more effective than aceclofenac alone for relief of acute LBP with minimum adverse effects.
Audit of Safety of Intramuscular Botulinum Toxin Injections among Patients Receiving Warfarin Anticoagulation Therapy
Authors: Jagatsinh Yogendra , George Jim 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundBotulinum toxin (BTX) intramuscular injections are an effective treatment for spasticity in acquired brain injury. Despite use since the 1980s, issues concerning technique, dose and long-term side-effects remain unresolved. For example, the safety of BTX in warfarinised patients is unclear. There are two studies reporting the risk of intramuscular injections in patients receiving anticoagulant therapy with regard to possible local haematoma formation. There is no advice on this subject in the manufacturers’ summary of product characteristics for the original brand of warfarin, Dysport, BOTOX, Xeomin or in the British National Formulary.AimTo assess the safety of BTX injections in patients receiving oral anticoagulation.DesignProspective audit of safe practice.SettingOutpatient setting in a rehabilitation centre.PopulationAdult population affected with spasticity with acquired brain injury and receiving concurrent warfarin anticoagulant therapy.MethodsFourteen patients who were receiving anticoagulant therapy were given regular BTX (number of injection cycles or total mean no of injections each). Patients gave written informed consent before the injections. Injection technique did not differ from that used for un-anticoagulated patients. Patients were assessed by the injector for obvious haemorrhage in the first 15 minutes after the injection resulting in swelling, bruising, tenderness or haematoma. Patients were asked to watch for appearance of local reactions like swelling, bruising or haematoma and pain in the first week.ResultsThere were no clinically detectable local complications after intramuscular injections and no major or minor bleeding episodes after BTX injections.ConclusionIn our group, BTX injections were administered intramuscularly to patients who were receiving anticoagulant therapy without significant risk of local bleeding. However, injections must be used with caution in patients with an INR above the therapeutic range.Clinical rehabilitation impactBTX can be safely given in patients on anticoagulation therapy with safety checks in place.
Traumatic Cervical Spine Injury Pattern– A Snapshot
Authors: Joshi M , Agrawal Mahima 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Study design and subjects
Cross-sectional descriptive study of pattern of cervical spine injury at a tertiary care rehabilitation centre in Rajasthan.

Objectives
To observe the socio demographic profile and injury pattern in cervical spinal cordinjury.

Methods
One hundred and forty-one clients of traumatic cervical spine injury (CSI) were admitted from 1st December 2010 to 15th October 2011 at the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, S.M.S. Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur. Detailed clinical, neurological evaluation as per American Spinal Injury Association Classification (ASIA) and radiological assessment were done along with identification of mechanism of injury, mode of evacuation and presence of associated injuries. Data analysis was done in October 2011 and results were compiled and analysed.

Results
Mean age in our sample was 35.87 ± 14.38 years that comprised 11 females (7.8%) and 130 males (92.2%) of whom 78 (55.3%) fell in the age group of 25 to 55 years. Majority 64 (45.4%) were illiterate, 80 (56.8%) being farmers and labourers. Greater fraction had road traffic accidents i.e., 66 (46.81%) and fall from height 56 (39.72%) as the mechanism of trauma. Only 69 (49.8%) could arrange an ambulance for transport. Majority of the injured i.e., 84 (59.57%) presented with neurologically complete picture as per ASIA classification and the most common involvement being of 5th and 6th cervical segments i.e., 103 (73.15%).

Conclusion
This study evaluated the demographic variables of cervical spine injury for better understanding of impact that it has and further for better allocation of our health resources, distribution and planning
Pentazocine Induced Contractures: A Case Report of Drug Abuse
Authors: Agarwal A.K. , Gupta A.K , Sharma V.P. , Kumar Dileep 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Contractures around the joints are seen due to multiple causes in our day to day practice where pathology can be superficial or deep. Further it can involve one joint or multiple joints. We are presenting a rare case of drug abuse due to pentazocine (fortwin) here in a 32 years old male, who had generalised and severe contractures of his hips, knees and ankles. In all such cases of myogenic generalised contractures around multiples joints, we must exclude the possibility of drug abuse.
Back Pack Palsy as an Unusual Cause of Shoulder Pain and Weakness–A Case Report
Authors: Mansoor S.N , Rathore F.A , Muhammad Fahim 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Heavy back packs carried for prolonged durations can cause different musculoskeletal and neurological problems especially in the untrained and physically vulnerable individuals. They can cause postural disorders, gait abnormalities, muscular strains, pains and injuries to the brachial plexus and nerves resulting in significant morbidity and at times permanent disability. We report a case of brachial plexus injury in a young soldier wearing back pack for prolonged period. He developed weakness and pain in right shoulder which was not relieved with rest and analgesics. On examination he had weakness in deltoid, biceps and scapular muscles along with numbness in axillary nerve area. Brachial plexus injury (upper trunk) was suspected and confirmed by electrodiagnostic evaluation. His baseline investigations were normal. He was advised rest and avoidance to lift heavy weight. He was managed with electrical muscle stimulation for weak muscles, strengthening exercises and analgesics. He responded well to the treatment and had minimal residual weakness at the end of the six weeks’ treatment
Back pack palsy should be suspected in people carrying back packs and presenting with pain, weakness and numbness in the upper limbs. It can be prevented by education in the use of back packs, its weight limits, physical fitness and frequent breaks with changing positions.
Arnold Chiari Malformation with Holocord Syringomyelia Presenting as Unilateral Foot Drop: A Case Report
Authors: Krishnaprasad I.N , Soumya V , Abdulgafoor S 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Foot drop is a common problem encountered in the clinical practice of a medical rehabilitation specialist. The aetiology of foot drop is usually lower motor neuron, either by the affection of peripheral nerve or the lower lumbar roots. However other rare differential diagnosis of foot drop should be borne in mind while evaluating such a patient. A detailed neurological evaluation along with supportive investigations like electrodiagnosis and magnetic resonance imaging often helps in differentiating such a cause. Here we report a case of holocord syringomyelia, secondary to Arnold Chiari malformation type 1, presented as unilateral foot drop.
Whistling-face Syndrome – A Case Report
Authors: Sahoo P K , Sahoo J , Das S P , Mohanty R N 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The craniocarpotarsal, or “whistling face” syndrome was first described by Freeman and Sheldon in 1938. It's an extremely rare condition, comes under one type of distal arthrogryposis category. Prominent deformities include deformity of hand and foot with typical whistling face. Early diagnosis of the condition aware the clinician about resistance to different therapeutic manoeuvres and management is planned accordingly.