bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Virtual Reality in Pediatrics: Effects on Pain and Anxiety
Authors: Eijlers Robin , Utens Elisabeth M. W. J. , Staals Lonneke M. , de Nijs Pieter F. A. , Berghmans Johan M. , Wijnen René M. H. , Hillegers Manon H. J. , Dierckx Bram , Legerstee Jeroen S. 
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND:
Medical procedures often evoke pain and anxiety in pediatric patients. Virtual reality (VR) is a relatively new intervention that can be used to provide distraction during, or to prepare patients for, medical procedures. This meta-analysis is the first to collate evidence on the effectiveness of VR on reducing pain and anxiety in pediatric patients undergoing medical procedures.

METHODS:
On April 25, 2018, we searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, CENTRAL, PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO with the keywords “VR,” “children,” and “adolescents.” Studies that applied VR in a somatic setting with participants ≤21 years of age were included. VR was defined as a fully immersive 3-dimensional environment displayed in surround stereoscopic vision on a head-mounted display (HMD). We evaluated pain and anxiety outcomes during medical procedures in VR and standard care conditions.

RESULTS:
We identified 2889 citations, of which 17 met our inclusion criteria. VR was applied as distraction (n = 16) during venous access, dental, burn, or oncological care or as exposure (n = 1) before elective surgery under general anesthesia. The effect of VR was mostly studied in patients receiving burn care (n = 6). The overall weighted standardized mean difference (SMD) for VR was 1.30 (95% CI, 0.68–1.91) on patient-reported pain (based on 14 studies) and 1.32 (95% CI, 0.21–2.44) on patient-reported anxiety (based on 7 studies). The effect of VR on pediatric pain was also significant when observed by caregivers (SMD = 2.08; 95% CI, 0.55–3.61) or professionals (SMD = 3.02; 95% CI, 0.79–2.25). For anxiety, limited observer data were available.

CONCLUSIONS:
VR research in pediatrics has mainly focused on distraction. Large effect sizes indicate that VR is an effective distraction intervention to reduce pain and anxiety in pediatric patients undergoing a wide variety of medical procedures. However, further research on the effect of VR exposure as a preparation tool for medical procedures is needed because of the paucity of research into this field.
Direito à educação e ocupação de escolas públicas: um estudo acerca da autotutela administrativa no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro
Authors: Coutinho Nilton Carlos de Almeida 
Published: May 2019

Right to education and occupation of public schools: a study on administrative self-administration in the Brazilian legal system O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a possibilidade (ou não) de o Estado se utilizar do instituto da “autotutela administrativa” para recuperar a posse de bens a ele pertencentes. Tal discussão deriva da diferença de regime jurídico dos bens públicos em relação aos bens particulares, trazendo poderes e deveres específicos para a administração pública nessa área. Nesta perspectiva, será analisado o posicionamento da doutrina e da jurisprudência sobre o tema, com destaque para as questões relacionadas com as ocupações de escolas públicas, ocorridas recentemente. The purpose of this article is to analyze the possibility (or not) of the State to use the institute of “administrative self-help” to recover the possession of assets belonging to it. Such discussion derives from the difference in the legal regime of public assets in relation to private assets, bringing specific powers and duties to the Public Administration in this area. In this perspective, the positioning of doctrine and jurisprudence on the subject will be analyzed, with emphasis on issues related to public school occupations, which occurred recently.
Direito administrativo sancionador: um olhar pragmático a partir das contribuições da análise econômica do direito
Authors: Voronoff Alice 
Published: May 2019

Administrative sanctions law: a pragmatic approach considering findings from law and economics As transformações que têm impulsionado o direito administrativo brasileiro devem repercutir também sobre sua vertente sancionatória, com vista à construção de arranjos fiscalizatórios e punitivos mais efetivos e eficientes. A proposta do artigo é de que a adoção de um olhar pragmático, atento às consequências práticas e a aspectos empíricos, pode contribuir nesse sentido. Para tanto, os estudos desenvolvidos por autores da análise econômica do direito apresentam-se como um importante ferramental, com destaque para a lógica de incentivos econômicos adotada pela Escola de Chicago e para a teoria da escolha pública, atribuída à Escola de Virgínia. Elementos extraídos desses modelos teóricos permitem a construção de raciocínios analíticos mais criativos e sensíveis a elementos de complexidade, aptos a auxiliar na delimitação de premissas fáticas adequadas, na fixação de linhas de investigação corretas e no alcance de diagnósticos mais precisos em torno das reais (d)eficiências dos modelos e práticas sancionatórios. The ongoing transformations in the Brazilian Administrative Law must also affect its sanctioning approach in terms of developing more effective and efficient auditing and penalization mechanisms. In this article we propose that a pragmatic approach that takes actual consequences and empirical aspects in account, can present valuable contributions to that matters. Thus, the studies developed by authors in the field of Law and Economics provide important tools, specially regarding the logic of economic incentives adopted by the School of Chicago and the theory of public choice connected to the School of Virginia. These theoretical models provide elements that allow the development of analytical reasoning that are more creative and also more sensible to complexities. They can also help to define adequate factual assumptions, establish correct research lines and achieve more precise diagnostics about the real (d)efficiencies of sanctioning models and practices.
Safety and efficacy of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in patients with a single functioning kidney compared to patients with bilateral functioning kidneys
Authors: Al-Toma Riyadh R. 
Published: May 2019

Background: Renal stones for patients with a single functioning kidney are considered a great challenge for urologists. Different treatment modalities are used for those with a single functioning kidney, including shock wave lithotripsy, retrograde intra-renal surgery and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). This study aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety outcomes of PCNL in patients with a single kidney compared to those with bilateral kidneys. Methods: A prospective comparative study conducted in Urology department of Safeer Al-Imam Al-Hussein hospital in Karbala city-Iraq through the period from 1st of March, 2015 to 30th of September, 2018 on sample of 173 patients with renal stones surgically operated with PCNL categorized into two groups; group I included 51 patients with a single functioning kidney and group II included 122 patients with bilateral functioning kidneys. Results: The mean age of group I patients was 42.76 years which was significantly higher than mean age of group II patients of 36.54 years (p=0.01). No significant differences were observed between group I and group II patients regarding gender, pre and intraoperative characteristics. Postoperative stone clearance, bleeding, renal function, organ injury and sepsis were not significantly different between two. Conclusions: PCNL is effective and safe surgical procedure for treatment of renal stones of patients with a single functioning kidney.
Gametocyte carriage in an era of changing malaria epidemiology: A 19-year analysis of a malaria longitudinal cohort
Authors: Muthui Michelle K. , Mogeni Polycarp , Mwai Kennedy , Nyundo Christopher , Macharia Alex , Williams Thomas N. , Nyangweso George , Wambua Juliana , Mwanga Daniel , Marsh Kevin , Bejon Philip , Kapulu Melissa C. 
Published: May 2019

Background:Interventions to block malaria transmission from humans to mosquitoes are currently in development. To be successfully implemented, key populations need to be identified where the use of these transmission-blocking and/or reducing strategies will have greatest impact.Methods:We used data from a longitudinally monitored cohort of children from Kilifi county located along the Kenyan coast collected between 1998-2016 to describe the distribution and prevalence of gametocytaemia in relation to transmission intensity, time and age. Data from 2,223 children accounting for 9,134 person-years of follow-up assessed during cross-sectional surveys for asexual parasites and gametocytes were used in logistic regression models to identify factors predictive of gametocyte carriage in this cohort.Results:Our analysis showed that children 1-5 years of age were more likely to carry microscopically detectable gametocytes than their older counterparts. Carrying asexual parasites and recent episodes of clinical malaria were also strong predictors of gametocyte carriage. The prevalence of asexual parasites and of gametocyte carriage declined over time, and after 2006, when artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) was introduced, recent episodes of clinical malaria ceased to be a predictor of gametocyte carriage. Conclusions:Gametocyte carriage in children in Kilifi has fallen over time. Previous episodes of clinical malaria may contribute to the development of carriage, but this appears to be mitigated by the use of ACTs highlighting the impact that gametocidal antimalarials can have in reducing the overall prevalence of gametocytaemia when targeted on acute febrile illness.
Periodismo digital y empoderamiento. Tendencias informativas en noticias de Google a lo largo de 2017
Authors: García-García Francisco , Gil-Ruiz Francisco-José 
Published: May 2019

Este trabajo aborda el periodismo digital obedeciendo a dos frentes: realizar una revisión bilbliográfica sobre la actualidad del periodismo digital y su relación con el empoderamiento ciudadano, para luego realizar un estudio exploratorio sobre noticias de Google (en español) para extraer las tendencias temáticas referentes al empoderamiento y las TIC a lo largo del año 2017. La muestra de análisis se compuso de 332 noticias, divididas, principalmente, entre noticias de España y de Latinoamérica. Los resultados muestran cierta prevalencia entre las noticias que no muestran el nombre de su autor o autora sobre las que sí lo indican, así como un ligero predominio de las noticias que no incluyen enlaces sobre aquellas que sí lo tienen. Las tendencias con mayor presencia a lo largo de la muestra son Desarrollo, Internet, Política y gobernanza, Seguridad, Puestos de trabajo, Género y Educación.
Как изучать жертв преступлений?
Authors: Веркеев Арсений Максимович , Волков Вадим Викторович , Дмитриева Арина Викторовна , Кнорре Алексей Викторович , Кудрявцев Владимир Евгеньевич , Кузнецова Дарья Александровна , Кучаков Руслан Камилович , Титаев Кирилл Дмитриевич , Ходжаева Екатерина Анисовна 
Published: May 2019

Статья рассказывает о методологии первого российского масштабного репрезентативного исследования жертв преступлений (виктимизационного опроса), результаты которого размещены в открытом доступе. Такие опросы позволяют проанализировать структуру преступности, социальные характеристики жертв, условия совершения преступлений, поведение потерпевших и правоохранительных органов. В мировой практике есть два главных национальных виктимологических исследования — NCVS в США и CSEW в Великобритании, которые проводятся ежегодно или чаще с 1970-х — 1980-х годов. В России серьезных виктимизационных опросов, которые позволяют валидно определить именно жертв преступлений, реконструировать структуру преступности и проанализировать поведение потерпевших до сих пор не проводилось. Существующие образцы либо были крайне ограничены по количеству вопросов именно о виктимном опыте, либо опирались на очень небольшие выборки. Предлагаемый опрос проведен с использованием технологии CATI на основании простой случайной выборки. Структура выборки воспроизводит структуру населения по основным демографическим параметрам (квотирование не применялось). Опрошено 16 818 человек, из их числа 3 тысячи по собственной оценке имели виктимный опыт в течение последних пяти лет, 3,5 тысячи респондентов не имели виктимного опыта, но подробно ответили на вопросы социально-демографического блока анкеты, 10,3 тысячи респондентов отвечали только на вопросы о поле, возрасте, наличии (отсутствии) виктимного опыта и месте проживания. В опросе преимущественно использовались дихотомические вопросы, позволившие установить юридически значимые характеристики произошедшего и тем самым получить картину преступности не в терминах респондентов («меня ограбили»), а в юридически корректных терминах («произошла кража»). Статья подробно описывает использованные методические решения, обосновывает и соотносит их с мировым опытом.
Благодарность. Сбор данных и разработка инструментария проводились при финансовой поддержке АНО «Интерцентр» в рамках договора на выполнение научно-исследовательской работы по теме «Разработка методологии и проведение всероссийского репрезентативного виктимизационного опроса». Анализ международного опыта и подготовка статьи выполнены в рамках проекта Российского научного фонда «Исследование социального контроля и мобилизации права с использованием больших данных», № 17-18-01618. Авторы признательны Дмитрию Скугаревскому, Денису Савельеву и Сергею Чувакину за участие в дискуссиях на различных стадиях. Отдельно мы благодарны Юлии Чурсиной и Павлу Степанцову. Особая благодарность анонимному рецензенту, советы которого позволили, на взгляд авторов, преодолеть ряд недочетов, возникающих у статей, написанных при сотрудничестве большого количества авторов.
API-социология и глобальное сообщество Google: живая система социальной трансформации
Authors: Яковлева Дарья Алексеевна , Колесниченко Ольга Юрьевна , Мазелис Лев Соломонович , Григоревский Иван Николаевич , Колесниченко Юрий Юрьевич 
Published: May 2019

В данной статье авторы представляют результаты морфологического текстового анализа больших данных на предмет встречаемости в интернете ключевых слов для различных стран. Значения для слов находились при запросе из баз данных поисковой системы Google через API-доступ при помощи специального программного обеспечения, созданного во Владивостокском государственном университете экономики и сервиса. Проведена кластеризация стран, а также ключевых слов методом k-means и иерархическим методом. Морфологический текстовой анализ позволяет оценить глобальный образ мировой интернет-дискуссии, а для каждой из стран — степень адаптации к условиям нового технологического уклада и уровень социального стресса. Построена модель глобальной дискуссии социальной направленности, что соотносится с трендами социальной нестабильности по данным ежегодного доклада «The Global Risks Report» Всемирного экономического форума. Проведен тематический анализ трех потенциалов развития по Р.С. Гринбергу (природному, интеллектуальному, пространственному), который показал, что, по сравнению с рядом стран, Россия занимает устойчивые и перспективные позиции.
Manajemen Hipertensi Pulmonal Perioperatif pada Bedah Jantung
Authors: Habibah Siti 
Published: May 2019

Pembedahan pada pasien dengan hipertensi pulmonal merupakan pembedahan dengan kategori risiko tinggi dan merupakan tantangan besar untuk dokter anestesi maupun bedah. Hipertensi pulmonal merupakan salah satu penyebab utama peningkatan morbiditas dan mortalitas perioperatif. Komplikasi serius yang dapat terjadi diantaranya adalah gagal jantung kanan, aritmia dan kematian dini pascaoperasi. Pasien dengan hipertensi pulmonal membutuhkan evaluasi dan manajemen penyakit yang komprehensif untuk mengurangi risiko secara optimal dan meningkatkan outcome. Pada tulisan ini dijelaskan mengenai patofisiologi, penilaian praoperasidan penanganan perioperatif pasien PH yang akan menjalani bedah jantung.
Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Migrasi Kateter Epidural
Authors: Purnomo Heri Dwi , Rusman Rio 
Published: May 2019

Epidural kontinyu saat ini merupakan salah satu satu tekhnik regional anestesia yang mulai sering digunakan dalam praktek anesthesia sehari-hari. Dapat digunakan untuk anestesia tunggal dalam pembedahan, adjuvan anestesia umum, manajemen nyeri paska operasi serta menajemen nyeri kronis pada pasien keganasan. Salah satu permasalahan yang banyak dihadapi pada prosedur epidural kontinyu adalah kejadian migrasi kateter epidural keluar dari ruang epidural. Kateter pada awalnya telah berada di rongga epidural dan telah dikonfirmasi dengan teknik Loss of Resistence (LOR), hanging drop, ataupun dengan bantuan ultrasonografi. Karena pengaruh berbagai faktor, kateter epidural dapat berpindah dari tempat yang seharusnya. Hal ini tentu saja dapat mempengaruhi efektivitas anestesia dari epidural itu sendiri, serta dapat berakibat fatal bila obat lokal anestesi dalam jumlah tertentu masuk ke ruang lainnya melalui kateter yang telah bergeser ke ruang subarachnoid, intravaskuler, atau ruang subdural.Berbagai penyebab terjadinya migrasi kateter antara lain karena adanya perubahan posisi waktu pemasangan maupun aktifitas pasien, meningkatnya tekanan ruang epidural Oleh karena itu penting bagi seorang anestesiologi untuk mengetahui apa saja faktor-faktor yang bisa meningkatkan resiko migrasi kateter epidural dan bagaimana cara mencegahnya serta mengatasi komplikasi yang mungkin timbul.
DAMPAK DARI EVENT SAIL BANDA 2010 TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN WILAYAH KECAMATAN BANDA
Authors: Ambon Muhammad Ilham Ryansyah , Roychansyah M Sani , Herwangi Yori 
Published: May 2019

One of the main regional income sectors of Maluku Province comes from the tourism sector. As one of the main sectors to generate regional income, the tourism sector must be further developed so that the results can also be felt more optimally for the government and the community. One of the efforts carried out by the Central Government and the Regional Government of Maluku Province to develop the tourism sector is through organizing an international level tourism event, namely Sail Banda Event held in Banda District, Central Maluku Regency, Maluku Province. This study aims to evaluate the extent to which the development of the Banda Subdistrict area after the implementation of the Sail Banda Event and the impacts that have been made on the development of the Banda Subdistrict area. This is because even though the Sail Banda Event has been carried out but it is suspected that there was no impact from the holding of the event to increase the income and health of the local community in Banda District. In this study, the approach used is a qualitative deductive approach using analysis of regional development achievements. The results of this analyzes will be used to see the impact of organizing the Sail Banda Event. The findings of this study are that the implementation of the Sail Banda Event in Banda District does not have a significant impact on increasing the income and welfare of the community. Of the four objectives of organizing the Banda Sail Event, only one goal was achieved, namely increasing tourist visits.
The Second Round Resource Acquisition of Entrepreneurial Crowdfunded Ventures: The Relevance of Campaign and Project Implementation Performance Outcomes
Authors: Tuo Gladys , Yi Feng , Sarpong Solomon , Wang Wenxin 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This study focused on crowdfunded ventures in the reward-based model and explored the relevance of their essential campaign and project implementation performance outcomes on the second round of resource acquisition. This research considered funding from accredited and unaccredited investors, additional crowd capital, and other forms of resources from other business investors. Results from sampled crowdfunded ventures on the Kickstarter and projects official websites revealed that the determinants of first round crowdfunding project campaign traction, reward delivery scheduled date, campaign duration, and reward delivery performance outcomes predict the second round of resource acquisition. Furthermore, the results suggest that project creators’ crowdfunding risk awareness is a relevant determinant of reward delivery performance outcome and access to the second round of resource. The findings are significant for the decision-making of entrepreneurs, investors, and crowdfunding platforms, as these parties benefit from the informational value of campaign and project implementation performance outcomes.
Secondary metabolites, their structural diversity, bioactivity, and ecological functions: An overview
Authors: Abegaz Berhanu M. , Kinfe Henok H. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Natural products are also called secondary metabolites to distinguish them from the primary metabolites, i.e. those natural compounds like glucose, amino acids, etc. that are present in every living cell and are used and required in the essential life processes of cells. Natural products are classified according to their metabolic building blocks into alkaloids, fatty acids, polyketides, phenyl propanoids and aromatic polyketides, and terpenoids. The structural diversity of natural products is explored using the scaffold approach focusing on the characteristic carbon frameworks.  Aside from discussing specific alkaloids that are either pharmacologically (e.g. boldine, berberine, galantamine, etc.) or historically (caffeine, atropine, lobeline, etc.) important alkaloids, a single chart is presented which shows the typical scaffolds of the most important subclasses of alkaloids.  How certain classes of natural products are formed in nature from simple biochemical ‘building blocks’ are shown using graphical schemes. This has been done for a typical tetra-ketide (6-methylsalicylic acid) from acetyl coenzyme A, or in general to all the major subclasses of terpenes.   An important aspect of understanding the structural diversity of natural products is to recognize how some compounds can be visualized as key intermediates for enzyme mediated transformation to several other related structures.  This is seen in the case of how arachidonic acid can transform into prostaglandins, or geranyl diphosphate to various monoterpenes, or squalene epoxide to various pentacyclic triterpenes, or cholesterol transforming to sex hormones, bile acids and the cardioactive cardenolides and bufadienolides. These are presented in carefully designed schemes and charts that are appropriately placed in the relevant sections of the narrative texts.  The ecological functions and pharmacological properties of natural products are also presented showing wherever possible how the chemical scaffolds have led to developing drugs as well as commercial products like sweeteners.