bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large‐scale biogeography and environmental regulation of methanotrophic bacteria across boreal inland waters
Authors: Crevecoeur Sophie , Ruiz‐González Clara , Prairie Yves T. , del Giorgio Paul A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAerobic methanotrophic bacteria (methanotrophs) use methane as a source of carbon and energy, thereby mitigating net methane emissions from natural sources. Methanotrophs represent a widespread and phylogenetically complex guild, yet the biogeography of this functional group and the factors that explain the taxonomic structure of the methanotrophic assemblage are still poorly understood. Here, we used high‐throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene of the bacterial community to study the methanotrophic community composition and the environmental factors that influence their distribution and relative abundance in a wide range of freshwater habitats, including lakes, streams and rivers across the boreal landscape. Within one region, soil and soil water samples were additionally taken from the surrounding watersheds in order to cover the full terrestrial–aquatic continuum. The composition of methanotrophic communities across the boreal landscape showed only a modest degree of regional differentiation but a strong structuring along the hydrologic continuum from soil to lake communities, regardless of regions. This pattern along the hydrologic continuum was mostly explained by a clear niche differentiation between type I and type II methanotrophs along environmental gradients in pH, and methane concentrations. Our results suggest very different roles of type I and type II methanotrophs within inland waters, the latter likely having a terrestrial source and reflecting passive transport and dilution along the aquatic networks, but this is an unresolved issue that requires further investigation.
Gene‐lifestyle interaction on risk of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review
Authors: Dietrich Stefan , Jacobs Simone , Zheng Ju‐Sheng , Meidtner Karina , Schwingshackl Lukas , Schulze Matthias B. 
Published: September 2019

SummaryThe pathophysiological influence of gene‐lifestyle interactions on the risk to develop type 2 diabetes (T2D) is currently under intensive research. This systematic review summarizes the evidence for gene‐lifestyle interactions regarding T2D incidence. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science were systematically searched until 31 January 2019 to identify publication with (a) prospective study design; (b) T2D incidence; (c) gene‐diet, gene‐physical activity, and gene‐weight loss intervention interaction; and (d) population who are healthy or prediabetic. Of 66 eligible publications, 28 reported significant interactions. A variety of different genetic variants and dietary factors were studied. Variants at TCF7L2 were most frequently investigated and showed interactions with fiber and whole grain on T2D incidence. Further gene‐diet interactions were reported for, eg, a western dietary pattern with a T2D‐GRS, fat and carbohydrate with IRS1 rs2943641, and heme iron with variants of HFE. Physical activity showed interaction with HNF1B, IRS1, PPARγ, ADRA2B, SLC2A2, and ABCC8 variants and weight loss interventions with ENPP1, PPARγ, ADIPOR2, ADRA2B, TNFα, and LIPC variants. However, most findings represent single study findings obtained in European ethnicities. Although some interactions have been reported, their conclusiveness is still low, as most findings were not yet replicated across multiple study populations.
Measurement of the bone height of mandibular incisors and canines on computed tomography—Limitations according to bone thickness
Authors: Rédua Renato Barcellos , Carvalho Felipe de Assis Ribeiro , Artese Flavia Raposo Gebara 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimTo verify the correlation between cone beam CT (CBCT) and spiral CT (SCT) images and direct measurement of the bone height and to verify whether bone thickness (BT) influences the accuracy of bone height measurement on CT.Setting and SampleOne hundred and fourteen measurements were obtained in 10 dry human mandibles.Materials and MethodsThe alveolar bone height was measured on volumetric and linear images.ResultsNegative, average and significant correlations (−0.622** to −0.489**) were verified between BT and the absolute error. When the alveolar bone thickness was at least 0.6 mm, the mean differences were 0.16 and 0.28 mm on linear images and 0.12 and 0.03 mm on volumetric images for CBCT and SCT. Additionally, these values ranged from −0.46 to 0.79 and −0.32 to 0.88 mm on linear images and from −0.64 to 0.67 and −0.57 to 0.62 mm on volumetric images for CBCT and SCT. When the alveolar bone thickness was less than 0.6 mm, the CT evaluation varied from −1.74 to 5.42 and −1.64 to 5.42 mm on linear images and from −3.70 to 4.28 mm and −3.49 to 4.25 mm on volumetric images for CBCT and SCT.ConclusionsSpiral CT and CBCT images demonstrate significant correlation with direct measurement for the alveolar bone height. Measurement of the alveolar bone labial and lingual to the mandibular incisors and canines presented higher accuracy when its thickness was greater than 0.6 mm. When the thickness was less than 0.6 mm, bone dehiscence can be diagnosed despite bone being clinically present.
A comparison of postprocedural anticoagulation in high‐risk patients undergoing WATCHMAN device implantation
Authors: Cohen Joshua A. , Heist E. Kevin , Galvin Jennifer , Lee Hang , Johnson Matthew , Fitzsimons Michael , Slattery Kathryn , Ghoshhajra Brian , Sakhuja Rahul , Ha Grace , Forsch Margaux , Shi Linsheng , Danik Jacqueline , Dal‐Bianco Jacob , Sanborn Danita , Hung Judy , Ruskin Jeremy , Gurol M. Edip , Mansour Moussa 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundLeft atrial appendage closure (LAAC) is an alternative to long‐term anticoagulation for thromboembolic protection in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and high bleeding risk. Short‐term Warfarin use following LAAC is well‐studied, while data pertaining to novel oral anticoagulant (NOAC) use in this setting is less robust. Specifically, data regarding the safety and efficacy of postprocedural NOAC use in high‐risk patients is lacking.ObjectiveTo compare the safety and efficacy of Warfarin and NOAC use in a high‐risk patient population undergoing LAAC with the WATCHMAN device.MethodsFrom November 2015 to October 2017, 97 patients underwent LAAC with the WATCHMAN device. All patients were discussed at a multidisciplinary meeting prior to device implantation. Longitudinal data were collected and analyzed for a composite endpoint of stroke and death at 8 months, and major bleeding at 3 and 6 months.ResultsAmong the 90 patients included in the safety and efficacy analysis, 43 were prescribed Warfarin and 47 were prescribed NOACs. Baseline characteristics were comparable between study groups. There were no procedural complications and no significant differences in the incidence of death and stroke at 8 months or major bleeding at 3 and 6 months.ConclusionFor patients with AF at high risk of both thromboembolic and hemorrhagic events, NOACs as compared to Warfarin, seem to be safe and effective for short‐term anticoagulation following LAAC with the WATCHMAN device. Further validation in large randomized controlled trials is required.
How do professionals perceive the governance of public–private partnerships? Evidence from Canada, the Netherlands and Denmark
Authors: Warsen Rianne , Greve Carsten , Klijn Erik Hans , Koppenjan Joop F. M. , Siemiatycki Matti 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn public–private partnerships (PPPs), the collaboration between public and private actors can be complicated. With partners coming from different institutional backgrounds and with different interests, governing these partnerships is important to ensure the projects' progress. There is, however, little knowledge about the perceptions of professionals regarding the governance of PPPs. This study aims to exlore professionals' viewpoints about governing PPPs, and to explain potential differences using four theoretical governance paradigms. Using Q methodology, the preferences of 119 public and private professionals in Canada, the Netherlands and Denmark are explored. Results show four different viewpoints regarding the governance of PPPs. Experience, country and the public–private distinction seem to influence these viewpoints. Knowledge of these differences can inform efforts to govern PPPs and contribute to more successful partnerships.
Agreement between current status and retrospective data for prevalence and duration of exclusive breast feeding from low‐ and middle‐income countries surveys
Authors: Rinaldi Ana Elisa Madalena , Azeredo Catarina Machado , Pereira Leandro Alves , Horta Bernardo Lessa , Conde Wolney Lisboa 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundIndicators to assess exclusive breast feeding (EBF) status are based on current status data according to World Health Organization (WHO), specially to avoid recall bias or imprecise reporting.ObjectiveTo analyse the agreement between current status and retrospective data for prevalence and duration of EBF in low‐ and middle‐income countries.MethodsCross‐sectional study using Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) datasets of infants under six months from 10 low‐ and middle‐income countries. It was applied two kinds of data about EBF: (1) current status data: variables about breast milk and foods offered in the previous day (yes or no) and (2) retrospective data: variables about age at which foods were offered the first time. The prevalence of EBF was estimated the same way for current status and for retrospective data. The median duration for current status data was calculated according to WHO recommendation, and retrospective data were calculated using survival analysis. The Kappa coefficient was applied to assess the agreement of prevalence using both kinds of data.ResultsPrevalence of EBF was higher using current status data and differences between both data ranged from 0.5 to 6.4 percentage points. Kappa coefficient ranged from 0.74 (substantial) to 0.94 (almost perfect) in nine countries. Medians were higher using retrospective than current status data for two countries and lower for another two; however, differences were small (from 0.08 to 0.44 month). For six countries, breast‐feeding practice was so low that it was not possible to calculate the median using either data.ConclusionsThe difference between prevalence and median estimated using current status and retrospective data is little and the agreement ranged to substantial and almost perfect. We suggest the use of retrospective data to estimate duration of EBF in cross‐sectional surveys.
Feeling the words: Sayyid Qutb's affective engagement with the Qur'an in Al‐Taswir al‐Fanni fi al‐Qur'an
Authors: Osborne Lauren E. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTwentieth‐century Egyptian thinker Sayyid Qutb has been studied most extensively with respect to his political thought. In his early career, however, he published works of literary criticism, poetry, and works on the Qur'an in which he takes a literary approach. Among these is his 1945 work Al‐Taswir al‐Fanni fi al‐Qur'an (Artistic Imagery in the Qur'an), in which he presents a unified theory of Qur'anic style called artistic imagery (al‐taṣwīr al‐fannī). This paper argues that Qutb's engagement with the Qur'an in this work is one that relies on affect as a nondiscursive interpretive framework. In so doing, it suggests that Qutb's early artistic works, particularly those on the Qur'an, deserve more extended scholarly attention than they have received, as well as an extension of affect theory to consider encounters with textual traditions.
Measuring the time‐varying effects of fiscal policy on private saving in the process of financial integration
Authors: Cho Dooyeon , Pyun Ju Hyun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates the effects of fiscal policy, measured as the extent to which private saving is offset by public saving, in the process of international financial integration. Using extensive panel data for 87 countries over the period 1970–2010, we find that the dynamics for the saving offset are highly nonlinear and time‐varying. While the saving offset has gradually declined in line with rapid financial integration in advanced economies, it has remained broadly stable in less financially integrated emerging and developing economies. This implies that the negative wealth effects of fiscal policy in advanced economies have been smaller owing to higher financial integration, which could help governments reduce their debt burdens through the well‐anchored domestic interest rates at the world level.
The role of parameterization in comparing source attribution models based on microbial subtyping for salmonellosis
Authors: Jabin Hannah , Correia Carreira Guido , Valentin Lars , Käsbohrer Annemarie 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSource attribution methods attribute human cases of a zoonotic disease to a certain source putatively responsible for this disease. Identifying and quantifying the contribution of different sources to human infections is important for taking appropriate actions for reducing the exposure of the consumer to zoonotic pathogens. One widely used method is the microbial subtyping approach, whose principle is to compare the frequency of pathogen subtypes from different sources (e.g. animals or food) with the frequency of these subtypes in human cases. This paper studies the relationship between a Bayesian microbial subtyping approach described by Hald and coworkers subsequently modified by David and coworkers, here called the Hald model, and a frequentist approach known as the “Dutch model.” The comparison between the Bayesian and frequentist model is done for two data sets on salmonellosis in Germany from different time periods (year 2004–2007 and 2010–2011). The results of both approaches are in good agreement with each other for the used data. It is shown here mathematically that a certain parameterization can be used to transform the probabilistic Hald model into a deterministic form, which is equivalent to the Dutch model. That certain parameterization secures independence of the model outcomes from the choice of so‐called unique subtypes (which are unique in the sense that they are found exclusively in one of the sources). It is shown that deviating from that certain parameterization leads variations in the model outcome dependent on which unique subtypes are chosen in the process of modelling.
Solar Salt Latent Heat Thermal Storage for a Small Solar Organic Rankine Cycle Plant
Authors: Costa Sol-Carolina , Mahkamov Khamid , Kenisarin Murat , Ismail Mohammad , Lynn Kevin , Halimic Elvedin , Mullen David 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The design of the latent heat thermal storage system (LHTESS) was developed with a thermal capacity of about 100 kW h as a part of small solar plant based on the organic Rankine cycle (ORC). The phase change material (PCM) used is solar salt with the melting/solidification temperature of about 220 °C. Thermophysical properties of the PCM were measured, including its phase transition temperature, heat of fusion, specific heat, and thermal conductivity. The design of the thermal storage was finalized by means of the 3D computational fluid dynamics analysis. The thermal storage system is modular, and the thermal energy is delivered with the use of thermal oil, heated by Fresnel mirrors. The heat is transferred into and from the PCM in the casing using bidirectional heat pipes, filled with water. A set of metallic screens are installed in the box with the pitch of 8–10 mm to enhance the heat transfer from heat pipes to the PCM and vice-versa during the charging and discharging processes, which take about 4 h. This work presents a numerical study on the use of metallic fins without thermal bonding as a heat transfer enhancement method for the solar salt LHTESS. The results show that the absence of the thermal bonding between fins and heat pipes (there was a gap of 0.5 mm between them) did not result in a significant reduction of charging or discharging periods. As expected, aluminum fins provide better performance in comparison with steel ones due to the difference in the material conductivity. The main advantage observed for the case of using aluminum fins was the lower temperature gradient across the LHTESS.
Investigation and Improvement of the Humidification–Dehumidification Solar Water Desalination System Implemented Wick as Packing Material
Authors: Shalaby S. M. , Kabeel A. E. , El-Bialy E. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this work, a humidification–dehumidification unit powered by solar energy was designed, constructed, and tested for brackish water desalination. In order to enhance the mass and heat transfer between feedwater and flowing air, 16 layers of wick were used as packing material. The results showed that the daily productivity increased by 28.28% when wick was used. The desalination unit with wick was tested at different temperatures and flowrates of feedwater. High significance positive relation between productivity and feedwater flowrate was found. The proposed system was also tested at a wide range of air flowrate. The results also showed that the peak value of productivity was achieved when the air flowrate was 0.0075 kg/s. It was also found that the daily productivity increased by 31.3% when the feedwater flowrate was increased from 0.114 to 0.171 kg/s when the air flowrate was 0.0075 kg/s.
Photodynamic versus white light-guided treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: a study protocol for a randomised trial of clinical and cost-effectiveness
Authors: Tandogdu Zafer , Lewis Rebecca , Duncan Anne , Penegar Steven , McDonald Alison , Vale Luke , Shen Jing , Kelly John D , Pickard Robert , N Dow James , Ramsay Craig , Mostafid Hugh , Mariappan Paramananthan , Nabi Ghulam , Creswell Joanne , Lazarowicz Henry , McGrath John , Taylor Ernest , Clark Emma , Maclennan Graeme , Norrie John , Hall Emma , Heer Rakesh 
Published: September 2019

IntroductionBladder cancer is the most frequently occurring tumour of the urinary system. Ta, T1 tumours and carcinoma in situ (CIS) are grouped as non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), which can be effectively treated by transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT). There are limitations to the visualisation of tumours with conventional TURBT using white light illumination within the bladder. Incomplete resections occur from the failure to identify satellite lesions or the full extent of the tumour leading to recurrence and potential risk of disease progression. To improve complete resection, photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) has been proposed as a method that can enhance tumour detection and guide resection. The objective of the current research is to determine whether PDD-guided TURBT is better than conventional white light surgery and whether it is cost-effective.Methods and analysisPHOTO is a pragmatic multicentre randomised controlled trial (open parallel group, non-masked and superiority trial) comparing the intervention of PDD-guided TURBT with standard white light resection in newly diagnosed intermediate and high risk NMIBC within the UK National Health Service setting. Clinical effectiveness is measured with time to recurrence. Cost-effectiveness is assessed within trial via the calculation of incremental cost per recurrence avoided and incremental cost per quality-adjusted life per year gained over 3 years and over long term through a modelling exercise over patients’ lifetime.Ethics and disseminationFormal ethics review was undertaken with a favourable opinion, in line with UK regulatory procedures (REC reference number: 14/NE/1062). If reductions in time to recurrence is associated with long-term patient benefits, the cost-effectiveness evaluation will provide further evidence to inform adoption of the technology. Findings will be shared in lay media such as patient and charity forums and will be presented at key meetings and published in academic literature.Trial registration numberISRCTN84013636.
Improving cardiovascular disease risk communication in NHS Health Checks: a qualitative study
Authors: Hawking Meredith K D , Timmis Adam , Wilkins Fae , Potter Jessica L , Robson John 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveThe NHS Health Check programme is a public screening and prevention initiative in England to detect early signs of cardiovascular ill health among healthy adults. We aimed to explore patient perspectives and experiences of a personalised Risk Report designed to improve cardiovascular risk communication in the NHS Health Check.Design and settingThis is a qualitative study with NHS Health Check attendees in three general practices in the London Borough of Newham.Intervention and participantsA personalised Risk Report for the NHS Health Check was developed to improve communication of results and advice. The Risk Report was embedded in the electronic health record, printed with auto-filled results and used as a discussion aid during the NHS Health Check, and was a take-home record of information and advice on risk reduction for the attendees. 18 purposively sampled socially diverse participants took part in semistructured interviews, which were analysed thematically.ResultsFor most participants, the NHS Health Check was an opportunity for reassurance and assessment, and the Risk Report was an enduring record that supported risk understanding, with impact beyond the individual. For a minority, ambivalence towards the Risk Report occurred in the context of attending for other reasons, and risk and lifestyle advice were not internalised or acted on.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate the potential of a personalised Risk Report as a useful intervention in NHS Health Checks for enhancing patient understanding of cardiovascular risk and strategies for risk reduction. Also highlighted are the challenges that must be overcome to ensure transferability of these benefits to diverse patient groups.Trial registration numberNCT02486913.