bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Luminescence Dating of the Iron Age Deposits from Tell Damiyah in the Jordan Valley
Authors: al Khasawneh Sahar , Murray Andrew , Kafafi Zeidan , Petit Lucas 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTIn this study, we investigate quartz-based luminescence optical dating of Iron Age deposits at the archaeological site of Tell Damiyah in the Jordan valley. Ten samples, taken from different occupation layers from two different excavation areas, proved to have good luminescence characteristics (fast-component dominated, dose recovery ratio 1.032 ± 0.010, n=24). The optical ages are completely consistent with both available14C ages and ages based on stylistic elements; it appears that this material was fully reset at deposition, although it is recognised that the agreement with age control is somewhat dependent on the assumed field water content of the samples. Further comparison with different OSL signals from feldspar, or investigations based on dose distributions from individual grains would be desirable to independently confirm the resetting of this material. It is concluded that the sediments of Tell Damiyah are very suitable for luminescence dating. Despite the relatively large associated age uncertainties of between 5 and 10%, OSL at tell sites has the potential to provide ages for material very difficult to date by conventional methods, and to identify reworked mixtures of older artifacts in a younger depositional setting.
Amine variations in faecal content in the first weeks of life of newborns in relation to breast-feeding or infant formulas
Authors: Suárez Lorena , Moreno-Luque María , Martínez-Ardines Irene , González Nereida , Campo Patricia , Huerta-Cima Palmira , Sánchez Manuel 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBreast-feeding is the ideal nutrition for a newborn’s integral necessities. It seems crucial therefore to know its composition in order to provide suitable infant formula when required. Of these, polyamines (with lactation and the microbiota being its intestinal source) are involved in the development of gut epithelium and immunity. Safety concerns limit human intervention studies. Therefore, we studied the amounts of polyamines supplied by breast milk (varying among mothers) or infant formula feeding, up to day 30 postpartum, in the faeces of newborns. Independent samples (68) of breast milk from fifty-nine healthy Caucasian woman (day 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 15 and 30 postpartum) who had natural deliveries after week 38, same-day faeces of newborns when available (eighty-one from breast milk and fifty-five from infant formula fed) and six infant formulas were collected and the polyamine content was determined by HPLC. In breast milk, polyamines and isoamylamine (a primary amine), with inter-individual variations, increased over time (with a higher content of spermidine; no other amines were present). Overall, they were much higher than in infant formula. By the 2nd week after birth, polyamines, cadaverine and tyramine, but not isoamylamine, were higher in the faeces of those fed infant formula compared with those fed breast milk. Cadaverine and tyramine could be used to predict the feeding type used for newborns. The differences in the content may be related to distinct colonisation of amine-producing bacteria, which can be established by polyamines. Further studies are required to determine the clinical utility of these findings.
The Local Determinants of Representation: Party Constituency Associations, Candidate Nomination and Gender
Authors: Cross William P. , Pruysers Scott 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIt is well established that political parties play a key role as gatekeepers to elected office. This article explores the local determinants of a diverse candidate pool. In particular, we seek to uncover the district- or riding-specific party factors that are related to women's participation in the parties’ candidate nomination stages. That is, why do some nomination races in a party have no women contestants, while others have many? Using data from an original survey of party constituency association presidents, as well as extensive nomination data from Elections Canada, we demonstrate that a number of local factors are related to the presence of women contesting a party's nomination. Local party associations with a woman serving as president, as well as associations that hold earlier and longer nominations, are significantly more likely to see a woman enter the contest. The results are important since they call attention to what parties do at the grassroots level, as well as highlight practical solutions for parties seeking to have more diversity in their candidate pool.
Early Devonian ultrapotassic magmatism in the North China Craton: geochemical and isotopic evidence for subcontinental lithospheric mantle metasomatism by subducted sediment-derived fluids
Authors: Niu Xiaolu , Dilek Yildirim , Liu Fei , Feng Guangying , Yang Jingsui 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe report new U–Pb zircon age data, zircon in situ oxygen isotope, mineral chemistry, whole-rock geochemistry and Sr–Nd isotopic compositions from the Early Devonian ultrapotassic Gucheng pluton in the North China Craton, and discuss its petrogenesis. The Gucheng pluton is exposed in the northern part of the North China Craton and forms a composite intrusion, consisting of K-feldspar-bearing clinopyroxenite, clinopyroxene-bearing syenite and alkali-feldspar syenite. Mineral phases in these lithologies include clinopyroxene (Wo43–48En19–35Fs18–38), sanidine (An0Ab3–11Or89–97), and subordinate titanite, andradite and Na-feldspar. These rocks show homogeneous Sr but variable Nd isotopic compositions, and have relatively high zircon in situ oxygen isotopes (δ18O = 5.2–6.7). The Gucheng plutonic rocks formed through fractional crystallization and accumulation from ultrapotassic magmas, which were originated from partial melting of metasomatic vein systems in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle of the North China Craton. These vein networks developed as a result of the reactions of fluids derived from subducted pelitic sediments on the downgoing Palaeo-Asian ocean floor with the enriched, subcontinental lithospheric mantle peridotites. Sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) U–Pb zircon dating has revealed a crystallization age of 415 Ma for the timing of the emplacement of the Gucheng pluton that marks the early stages of alkaline magmatism associated with the Andean-type continental margin evolution along the northern edge of the North China Craton facing the Palaeo-Asian Ocean.
‘An Ambiguous Area’: Mongolia in Soviet-Japanese relations in the mid-1930s
Authors: BRIDGES BRIAN 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Mongolian People's Republic (MPR) became the focus of intense competition between the Soviet Union and Japan in the 1930s, when it was more commonly known as Outer Mongolia. The Soviet Union viewed the MPR as an ideological and strategic ally, and was determined to defend that state against the increasingly adventurist actions of the Japanese military based in northern China. Japanese ambitions to solve the so-called ‘Manmo’ (Manchuria-Mongolia) problem led the Soviets to initiate ever-closer links with the MPR, culminating in the 1936 pact of mutual assistance which was intended to constrain Japanese pressure. Using unpublished Japanese materials as well as Russian and Mongolian sources, this article demonstrates how the Soviet leadership increasingly viewed the MPR as strategically crucial to the defence of the Soviet Far East.
Education and Literacy in Ancient Italy: Evidence from the Dedications to the Goddess Reitia
Authors: McDonald Katherine 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article discusses the votive dedications to the goddess Reitia at the sanctuary of Este-Baratella (Veneto) as evidence for the acquisition of literacy in Italyc. 350–150b.c. These dedications, which take the form of bronze writing-tablets and styluses, are inscribed with Venetic dedicatory formulae, abecedaria and other writing exercises. This article shows how these texts function as writing exercises — some of the earliest evidence of elementary education methods in Italy. Many of the votives were dedicated by women, and this article argues that women were active participants in literacy and education in this period. It also sets the dedications in their Italian and Mediterranean context by comparing them to votive and funerary deposits of abecedaria from across Italy and the ancient world.
BILINGUAL CHILDREN’S PHONOLOGY SHOWS EVIDENCE OF TRANSFER, BUT NOT DECELERATION IN THEIR L1
Authors: Marecka Marta , Wrembel Magdalena , Otwinowska Agnieszka , Szewczyk Jakub , Banasik-Jemielniak Natalia , Wodniecka Zofia 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBilingual language development might be characterized by transfer, deceleration, and/or acceleration, the first two being relevant for the language impairment diagnosis. Studies on bilingual children’s productive phonology show evidence of transfer, but little is known about deceleration in this population. Here, we focused on phonological transfer and deceleration in L1 speech of typically developing Polish-English bilingual children of Polish migrants to the United Kingdom (aged 4.7–7). We analyzed L1 speech samples of 30 bilinguals and 2 groups of Polish monolinguals, matched to the bilinguals on age or vocabulary size. We found that bilingual children’ speech (both simultaneous and early sequential) was characterized by transfer, but not by deceleration, suggesting that while phonological deceleration phases out in children above the age of 4.7, transfer does not. We discuss our findings within the PRIMIR model of bilingual phonological acquisition (Curtin et al., 2011) and show their implications for SLT practices.
Impaired Financial Capacity in Late-Life Depression: Revisiting Associations with Cognitive Functioning
Authors: Morin Ruth T. , Gonzales Mitzi M. , Bickford David , Catalinotto Daniel , Nelson Craig , Mackin R. Scott 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectives:Impairment in financial capacity is an early sign of cognitive decline and functional impairment in late life. Cognitive impairments such as executive dysfunction are well documented in late-life major depression; however, little progress has been made in assessing associations of these impairments with financial incapacity.Methods:Participants included 95 clinically depressed and 41 nondepressed older adults without dementia. Financial capacity (assessed with the Managing Money scale of the Independent Living Scale), cognitive functioning (comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation), and depression severity (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale – 24) were assessed. T tests were used to assess group differences. Linear regression was used to analyze data.Results:Depressed participants performed significantly lower on financial capacity (t = 2.98, p < .01). Among depressed participants, executive functioning (B = .24, p < .05) was associated with reduced financial capacity, controlling for age, gender, education, depression severity, and other cognitive domains.Conclusions:Our results underscore the importance of assessing financial capacity in older depressed adults as they are likely vulnerable to financial abuse even in the absence of dementia. It will be valuable to assess whether treatment for depression is an effective intervention to improve outcomes.
Familial Resemblance in Body Shape and Composition, Metabolic Syndrome, Physical Activity and Physical Fitness: A Summary of Research in Portuguese Families and Siblings
Authors: Pereira Sara , Santos Carla , Katzmarzyk Peter T. , Maia José 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe report a summary of Portuguese families and siblings research under the umbrella of the Portuguese Healthy Family Project. Families lived in mainland Portugal, as well as in the Azores and Madeira islands. All samples comprise children and adolescents (9–20 years) and their parents (27–57 years). Recruitment procedures and phenotypes were detailed. Familial resemblance in body shape and composition, metabolic syndrome, physical fitness, physical activity and sedentary behaviors are presented, as well as future research avenues.
Cereal rye cover crop and herbicide application method affect cotton stand, Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) control, and cotton yield
Authors: Hand Lavesta C. , Nichols Robert L. , Webster Theodore M. , Culpepper A. Stanley 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSix on-farm studies determined the effects of a rolled rye cover crop, herbicide program, and planting technique on cotton stand, weed control, and cotton yield in Georgia. Treatments included: (1) rye drilled broadcast with 19-cm row spacing and a broadcast-herbicide program (2) rye drilled with a 25-cm rye-free zone in the cotton row and a broadcast-herbicide program (3) rye drilled with a 25-cm rye-free zone in the cotton row with PPI and PRE herbicides banded in the cotton planting row, and (4) no cover crop (i.e., weedy cover) with broadcast herbicides. At two locations, cotton stand was lowest with rye drilled broadcast; at these sites the rye-free zone maximized stand equal to the no-cover system. At a third location, cover crop systems resulted in greater stand, due to enhanced soil moisture preservation compared with the no-cover system. Treatments did not influence cotton stand at the other three locations and did not differ in the control of weeds other than Palmer amaranth at any location. Treatments controlled Palmer amaranth equally at three locations; however, differences were observed at the three locations having the greatest glyphosate-resistant plant densities. For these locations, when broadcasting herbicides, Palmer amaranth populations were reduced 82% to 86% in the broadcast rye and rye-free zone systems compared with the no-cover system at harvest. The system with banded herbicides was nearly 21 times less effective than the similar system broadcasting herbicides. At these locations, yields in the rye broadcast and rye-free zone systems with broadcast herbicides were increased 9% to 16% compared with systems with no cover or a rye-free zone with PPI and PRE herbicides banded. A rolled rye cover crop can lessen weed emergence and selection pressure while improving weed control and cotton yield, but herbicides should be broadcast in fields heavily infested with glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth.
Contributions of Wind, Ocean Intrinsic Variability, and ENSO to the Interannual Variability of the South Vietnam Upwelling: A Modeling Study
Authors: Da Nguyen Dac , Herrmann Marine , Morrow Rosemary , Niño Fernando , Huan Nguyen Minh , Trinh Nguyen Quoc 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe summer South Vietnam Upwelling (SVU) is a major component of the South China Sea circulation where it also influences ecosystems. Here we revisit the existing knowledge of the SVU interannual variability. Based on a set of 15‐year eddy‐resolving sensitivity simulations, we quantify the respective contributions from different factors (atmospheric, river, and oceanic forcings; ocean intrinsic variability; and El Niño Southern Oscillation) to this interannual variability and explore the underlying mechanisms. Our sea surface temperature upwelling indices allow us to quantify the strong SVU interannual variability in terms of strength and spatial distribution. Strong SVU years are offshore dominant with SVU centers located within 11–12°N and 110–112°E, whereas weak SVU years are coastal dominant with SVU centers located near the coast and spanning a larger 10–14°N latitude range. Our study confirms the leading influence of the summer wind and further reveals that coastal SVU variability is related to the variability of the eastward jet that develops from the coast, whereas offshore SVU variability is strongly driven by the spatiotemporal collocation of wind stress curl with cyclonic eddies. Ocean intrinsic variability, and to a lesser extent perturbations induced by river discharge and lateral oceanic conditions, strongly triggers interannual variability of background eddy circulation, thus of the SVU. El Niño Southern Oscillation influences the SVU mainly through its direct influence on summer winds.
Tectono‐Metamorphic Evolution of the Central Ribeira Belt, Brazil: A Case of Late Neoproterozoic Intracontinental Orogeny and Flow of Partially Molten Deep Crust During the Assembly of West Gondwana
Authors: Meira Vinícius T. , Garcia‐Casco Antonio , Hyppolito Thaís , Juliani Caetano , Schorscher Johann Hans D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRecent advances in understanding the plate tectonics, intracontinental deformation, and flow of partially molten crust have significantly improved our knowledge of collisional tectonics and the way in which we understand complex ancient orogens. The Central Ribeira Belt represents a Neoproterozoic fold‐and‐thrust belt formed in the Brasiliano Orogenic Cycle associated with the assembly of West Gondwana. This fold‐and‐thrust belt is currently interpreted as a result of recurrent collisions and amalgamation of terranes against large cratons. Based on an integrated structural, petrological, and geochronological study in two metamorphic complexes of the Central Ribeira Belt (Embu and Costeiro complexes), we challenge the current model that involves multiple terrane collisions. Our data show for the first time metamorphic ages older than 600 Ma for samples from Costeiro and Embu complexes and suggest that both geological units experienced an intermediate‐P metamorphism (M1) at circa 620 Ma and a low‐P metamorphism (M2) at circa 575 Ma. Our proposed tectonic model is consistent with an M1 event related to an intracontinental orogeny, formed in response to the collision between the São Francisco Craton and the Paranapanema Block. On the other hand, the later M2 metamorphism records extensional and wrench tectonics associated with orogenic collapse, constrained by the decompression paths of the metasedimentary sequences and M2‐related S3 mylonitic foliation. The M2 metamorphism is associated with wide, right‐lateral strike‐slip shear zones and voluminous peraluminous magmatism in the Embu Domain and widespread partial melting of the middle crust forming migmatitic rocks and peraluminous leucogranites in the Costeiro Domain.
Seismic and Aseismic Fault Growth Lead to Different Fault Orientations
Authors: Preuss Simon , Herrendörfer Robert , Gerya Taras , Ampuero Jean‐Paul , van Dinther Ylona 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOrientations of natural fault systems are subject to large variations. They often contradict classical Coulomb failure theory as they are misoriented relative to the regional Andersonian stress field. This is ascribed to local effects of structural or stress heterogeneities and reorientations of structures or stresses on the long term. To better understand the relation between fault orientation and regional stresses, we simulate spontaneous fault growth and its effect on the stress field. Our approach incorporates earthquake rupture dynamics, viscoelastoplastic brittle deformation and a rate‐ and state‐dependent friction formulation in a continuum mechanics framework. We investigate how strike‐slip faults orient according to local and far‐field stresses during their growth. We identify two modes of fault growth, seismic and aseismic, distinguished by different fault angles and slip velocities. Seismic fault growth causes a significant elevation of dynamic stresses and friction values ahead of the propagating fault tip. These elevated quantities result in a greater strike angle relative to the maximum principal regional stress than that of a fault segment formed aseismically. When compared to the near‐tip time‐dependent stress field the fault orientations produced by both growth modes follow the classical failure theory. We demonstrate how the two types of fault growth may be distinguished in natural faults by comparing their angles relative to the original regional maximum principal stress. A stress field analysis of the Landers‐Kickapoo fault suggests that an angle greater than ∼25° between two faults indicates seismic fault growth.
Steep Bedload‐Laden Flows: Near Critical?
Authors: Piton Guillaume , Recking Alain 
Published: August 2019

Steep gravel‐bed rivers sometimes experience floods that dramatically rework river bed structure and topography. Hazard assessments and paleo‐event reconstructions require better knowledge of such phenomena. This paper explores morphodynamic evolution of steep channels carrying bedload‐laden flows, using a generic Froude‐scaled model. Bedload‐laden floods were introduced in a narrow flume and spread into a 5 times wider unconfined area with a 0.1 steep slope (m/m). Image analysis enabled measurements taken at an unprecedented level of accuracy on unconfined flows laden with bedload. A flow reconstruction procedure was used to compute depth, Froude (Fr) and Shields (τ*) numbers on millions of pixels based on a friction law and measurements of surface velocity, slope, and roughness. Despite the steep slope, Froude numbers proved to be mostly subcritical in all but the regions experiencing the most active sediment transport. Competent flows, identified by the transport stage higher than unity (
), were near critical and seldom had Fr> 1.3–1.5. This demonstrates that, providing that bed width and structure can adjust, hydraulic features such as standing waves, hydraulic jumps, and lateral shock waves dissipate energy very efficiently in addition to adjusting channel features. These competent flows also tend to rework channels to approach the energy minimum of near‐critical flows. This hypothesis was postulated by Gordon Grant (1997, https://doi.org/10.1029/96WR03134, Wat. Resour. Res. 33(2):349‐358) but demonstrated here for the first time at this scale. Considering near‐critical flows during discharges high enough to be clearly competent in laterally unconfined reaches seems reasonable as a first approximation in steep channels.
Porosity‐Permeability Relationships in Mudstone from Pore‐Scale Fluid Flow Simulations using the Lattice Boltzmann Method
Authors: Vora Harsh Biren , Dugan Brandon 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe model mudstone permeability during consolidation and grain rotation, and during fluid injection by simulating porous media flow using the lattice Boltzmann method. We define the mudstone structure using clay platelet thickness, aspect ratio, orientation, and pore widths. Over the representative range of clay platelet lengths (0.1–3 μm), aspect ratios (length/thickness = 20–50), and porosities (ϕ = 0.07–0.80) our permeability results match mudstone datasets well. Homogenous kaolinite and smectite models document a log linear decline in vertical permeability from 8.31 × 10−15–6.84 × 10−17 m2 at ϕ = 0.76–0.80 to 6.33 × 10−19–1.30 × 10−23 m2 at ϕ = 0.14–0.16, showing good correlation with experimental data (R2 = 0.42 and 0.56).We employ our methodology to predict the permeability of two natural mudstone samples composed of smectite, illite, and chlorite grains. Over ϕ = 0.32–0.58, the permeability trends of two models replicating the mineralogical composition of the natural mudstone samples match experimental datasets well (R2 = 0.78 and 0.74). We extend our methodology to evaluate how vertical permeability might evolve during microfracture network growth or macrofracture propagation upon fluid injection in compacted mudstone. Fluid injection results in a permeability increase from 1.02 × 10−20 m2 at ϕ = 0.07 to 2.07 × 10−16 m2 at ϕ = 0.29 for growth of a microfracture network, and from 1.02 × 10−20 m2 at ϕ = 0.07 to 1.23 × 10−16 m2 at ϕ = 0.32 for macrofracture propagation. Our results suggest that a distributed microfracture network results in greater permeability during fluid injection in compacted mudstones (ϕ = 0.07–0.32) in comparison to a wide macrofracture. Our modeling approach provides a simple means to estimate permeability during burial and compaction or fluid injection based on knowledge of porosity and mineralogy.