bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of accreditation in establishing academic legitimacy in graduate level non-profit management education
Authors: Blalock Emiko 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the tension that a graduate education field called non-profit management education (NME) faces as it decides whether or not to adopt accreditation. The tension at hand is the politically wrought process of accreditation and the challenge many professional graduate education programs face in maintaining distinctive characteristics of their programs while conforming to the perceived legitimate norms within the larger field of higher education.

Design/methodology/approach
This case study is focused on a multi-day Summit, collecting data from participant presentations and discussions, observations and field notes and documents. Inductive coding and deductive coding are used to analyze data, framed under the theoretical framework of organizational legitimacy, strategy and homogeneity.

Findings
Three major themes are identified that illuminate the inherent tension between the ambiguous nature of legitimacy and the structured character of accreditation: arguing the field is unique, establishing threats to innovation and drawing boundaries.

Originality/value
This study offers unique insights into the political nature of accreditation and its ties to legitimacy for professional graduate education programs. With the expansion of graduate education into more applied fields and the increased pressure to provide programs that are directly related to professional and career advancement, many programs may benefit from accreditation standards while garnering legitimacy. However, it is imperative that those seeking accreditation understand they may risk losing the very elements that make their programs distinct.
Stress analysis and structural optimization of 3-D IC package based on the Taguchi method
Authors: Xiong Ming-Yue , Zhang Liang , He Peng , Long Wei-Min 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
The transistor circuit based on Moore's Law is approaching the performance limit. The three-dimensional integrated circuit (3-D IC) is an important way to implement More than Moore. The main problems in the development of 3-D IC are Joule heating and stress. The stresses and strains generated in 3-D ICs will affect the performance of electronic products, leading to various reliability issues. The intermetallic compound (IMC) joint materials and structures are the main factors affecting 3-D IC stress. The purpose of this paper is to optimize the design of the 3-D IC.

Design/methodology/approach
To optimize the design of 3-D IC, the numerical model of 3-D IC was established. The Taguchi experiment was designed to simulate the influence of IMC joint material, solder joint array and package size on 3-D IC stress.

Findings
The simulation results show that the solder joint array and IMC joint materials have great influence on the equivalent stress. Compared with the original design, the von Mises stress of the optimal design was reduced by 69.96 per cent, the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) was increased by 10.46 dB and the fatigue life of the Sn-3.9Ag-0.6Cu solder joint was increased from 415 to 533 cycles, indicating that the reliability of the 3-D IC has been significantly improved.

Originality/value
It is necessary to study the material properties of the bonded structure since 3-D IC is a new packaging structure. Currently, there is no relevant research on the optimization design of solder joint array in 3-D IC. Therefore, the IMC joint material, the solder joint array, the chip thickness and the substrate thickness are selected as the control factors to analyze the influence of various factors on the 3-D IC stress and design. The orthogonal experiment is used to optimize the structure of the 3-D IC.
Commentary on “Use of key word signing for children and adults with intellectual disability in an Irish context”
Authors: Grove Nicola Clare 
Published: August 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the use of key word sign by staff in organisations working with children and adults who have intellectual disabilities.Design/methodology/approachThis commentary provides an overview of both historical and recent research in this area.FindingsAfter a dearth of research on signing, new studies are emerging, but appear to identify the same issues – and many of the same solutions – as those from 40 years ago.Social implicationsSign needs to be seen as a cultural intervention necessitating attitude change and policy development.Originality/valueParadigm shifts in the field of intervention and in AAC are needed to address these issues.
Commentary on “Consumer behaviour analysis and non-adoption of behavioural interventions: implications for managerial action”
Authors: Beadle-Brown Julie , Bradshaw Jill 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the difficulties highlighted by Ntinas around supporting change in services for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities.

Design/methodology/approach
This commentary examines what is needed for change and reflects on staff culture.

Findings
The authors propose that it is not sensible to separate the culture of a service from the implementation of person-centred approaches and attempt to map how the concepts overlap and are interconnected.

Originality/value
Whilst some elements of culture are clearly important in order to start the process of change, other elements will change as an intervention is introduced and embedded.
Exploring linkages between unlearning and relearning in organizations
Authors: Sharma Shubham , Lenka Usha 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
Learning, unlearning and relearning (LUR) has been preached as a panacea to organizations. Whereas, research on learning and unlearning has grown exponentially, relearning is still considered as an obscure concept. This paper aims to provide a new insight on organizational relearning and highlight its linkages with organizational unlearning.

Design/methodology/approach
This study is based upon a systematic literature review of organizational unlearning and organizational relearning. Papers expounding upon relearning were carefully analyzed vis-à-vis organizational unlearning.

Findings
Organizational unlearning and organizational relearning assume a vital place in developing a learning organization. However, linking the two processes in a sequence tends to arouse certain conceptual difficulties. First, it is not necessary that relearning follows this prescribed ordering sequence. It is a process that can happen without prior unlearning. Second, based on the process model and multiple definitions of unlearning, the very purpose of organizational unlearning is to acquire new knowledge (relearning in literature). Therefore, in this sense, relearning seems to become a redundant concept and a neologism. As a result, this hampers the proper contextualization of relearning.

Originality/value
This paper attempts to expound upon the debate of organizational relearning and its interplay with organizational unlearning. As the concept of lifelong learning and building learning organizations assumes the center stage in contemporary organizations, it is suggested that unless the conceptual issues of related to LUR are not adequately addressed, academicians will naturally find it difficult to prescribe proper course of action to practitioners.
Predator‐induced changes in the chemical defence of a vertebrate
Authors: Hettyey Attila , Üveges Bálint , Móricz Ágnes M. , Drahos László , Capon Robert J. , Van Buskirk Josh , Tóth Zoltán , Bókony Veronika 
Published: August 2019

Abstract1. Inducible defences are ubiquitous in the animal kingdom, but little is known about facultative changes in chemical defences in response to predators, especially so in vertebrates.2. We tested for predator‐induced changes in toxin production of larval common toads (Bufo bufo), which are known to synthesize bufadienolide compounds.3. The experiment included larvae originating from three permanent and three temporary ponds reared in the presence or absence of chemical cues of three predators: dragonfly larvae, newts or fish.4. Tadpoles raised with chemical cues of predation risk produced higher numbers of bufadienolide compounds and larger total bufadienolide quantities than predator‐naive conspecifics. Further, the increase in intensity of chemical defence was greatest in response to fish, weakest to newts and intermediate to dragonfly larvae. Tadpoles originating from temporary and permanent ponds did not differ in their baseline toxin content or in the magnitude of their induced chemical responses.5. These results provide the first compelling evidence for predator‐induced changes in chemical defence of a vertebrate that may have evolved to enhance survival under predation risk.
Evolutionary lability of host associations promotes phylogenetic overdispersion of co‐infecting blood parasites
Authors: Galen Spencer C. , Speer Kelly A. , Perkins Susan L. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Co‐infections with multiple parasite taxa are ubiquitous in nature and have the potential to impact the co‐evolutionary dynamics between host and parasite, though patterns of phylogenetic community structure of co‐infecting parasites and the processes that generate these patterns have rarely been studied across diverse host–parasite communities.

Here, we tested for the roles of host and parasite evolutionary history as well as environmental variables as drivers of phylogenetic community structure among co‐infecting haemosporidian (malaria) parasites and their avian hosts in the North American boreal forest, a region characterized by an extraordinarily high blood parasite co‐infection rate.

We used multiple methods to identify non‐random patterns of co‐infection among parasite species and determined whether these patterns were influenced more by co‐evolutionary host associations or environmental variables. We used model‐based approaches to test whether parasites that occurred together in a single host individual exhibited phylogenetic clustering or overdispersion. Lastly, we tested whether the observed phylogenetic community structure could be explained by parasites having convergently evolved similar patterns of host associations.

We found that haemosporidian parasite co‐infections occurred at a high frequency in the boreal forest system and that parasite taxa co‐occurred in significantly non‐random patterns within host individuals and among host species. Parasite taxa that occurred in co‐infections tended to be phylogenetically overdispersed. We show that this pattern of phylogenetic overdispersion can be attributed largely to the effect of evolutionarily labile, convergent host associations that have resulted in the pool of parasites that have the potential to infect a given host consisting nearly exclusively of distantly related lineages.

Our findings illustrate that environmental filtering of convergent traits can produce phylogenetically overdispersed communities, even at the level of co‐infecting parasites within an individual host organism. Broadly, this analysis illustrates how co‐evolutionary history can have a strong influence on the modern phylogenetic community assembly of diverse host–symbiont communities.
Prescribed burning impacts on ecosystem services in the British uplands: A methodological critique of the EMBER project
Authors: Ashby Mark A. , Heinemeyer Andreas 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Due to its novelty and scale, the EMBER project is a key study within the prescribed burning evidence base. However, it has several significant but overlooked methodological flaws.

In this paper, we outline and discuss these flaws. In doing so, we aim to highlight the current paucity of evidence relating to prescribed burning impacts on ecosystem services within the British uplands.

We show that the results of the EMBER project are currently unreliable because: it used a correlative space‐for‐time approach; treatments were located within geographically separate and environmentally distinct sites; environmental differences between sites and treatments were not accounted for during statistical analysis; and, peat surface temperature results are suggestive of measurement error.

Policy Implications. Given the importance of the EMBER project, our findings suggest that (a) government agencies and policymakers need to re‐examine the strengths and limitations of the prescribed burning evidence base; and, (b) future work needs to control for site‐specific differences so that prescribed burning impacts on ecosystem services can be reliably identified.
Regulation of type III secretion system in Pseudomonas syringae
Authors: Xie Yingpeng , Shao Xiaolong , Deng Xin 
Published: August 2019

SummaryPseudomonas syringae is a model phytopathogenic bacterium that uses the type III secretion system (T3SS) to cause lethal diseases in staple crops and thus presents a threat to food security worldwide. Great progress has been made in delineating the biochemical mechanisms and cellular targets of T3SS effectors, but less is known about the signalling pathways and molecular mechanisms of T3SS regulators. In recent years, thanks to the popularity and power of genome‐wide mutant screening and high‐throughput sequencing, new regulatory proteins (such as RhpR, AefR, AlgU and CvsR) and proteases (such as Lon and RhpP) have been identified as T3SS regulators in P. syringae pathovars. The detailed mechanisms of previously illustrated regulators (such as HrpRS, HrpL and HrpGV) have also been further studied. Notably, the two‐component system RhpRS has been determined to play key roles in the modulation of T3SS via direct regulation of hrpRS and other virulence‐related pathways by sensing changes in environmental signals. In addition, secondary messengers (such as c‐di‐GMP and ppGpp) have been shown to fine‐tune the activity of T3SS. Overall, these studies have suggested the existence of a highly intricate regulatory network for T3SS, which controls the pathogenicity of P. syringae. This short review summarizes studies of P. syringae T3SS regulation and the known mechanisms of key regulators.
Comparing Compliance Behaviour of Students and Farmers. An Extra‐laboratory Experiment in the Context of Agri‐environmental Nudges in Germany
Authors: Peth Denise , Mußhoff Oliver 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIncreasing popularity of economic experiments for policy impact analysis has led to an on‐going debate about the suitability of students to substitute professionals as experimental subjects. To date, subject pool effects in agricultural and resource economics experiments have not been sufficiently studied. In order to identify differences and similarities between students and non‐students, we carry out an experiment in the form of a multi‐period business management game that is adapted to an agri‐environmental context. We compare the compliance behaviour of German agricultural students and German farmers with regard to water protection rules and analyse their responses to two different green nudge interventions. The experimental results reveal that the direction of the response to the policy treatments is similar. Even unexpected behaviour could be reproduced by the student sample. Nevertheless, the magnitude of the treatment effects differed between the two samples. This implies that experimenters in the field of agricultural and resource economics could use the subject pool of students to analyse the direction of nudge policies. If predictions should be made about the magnitude effects, we suggest using a professional subject pool.
Physical contact, volatiles, and acoustic signals contribute to monogamy in an invasive aggregating bark beetle
Authors: Liu Zhu‐Dong , Mi Guo‐Bing , Raffa Kenneth F. , Sun Jiang‐Hua 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe behavioral strategies and mechanisms by which some insects maintain monogamous mating systems are not well understood. We investigated the mating system of the bark beetle Dendroctonus valens, and identified several contributing mechanisms. Field and laboratory observations suggest the adults commonly form permanent bonds during host colonization. Moreover, it showed mated females that remained paired with males produced more offspring than mated females that were alone in galleries. In bioassays, a second female commonly entered a gallery constructed by a prior female. Videos show she commonly reached the location of the first female, but they did not engage in actual fighting. Rather, the second female typically departs to form her own gallery. Acoustic signaling likewise does not appear to influence female‐female encounters, based on controlled muting experiments. Instead, the intruder appears to perceive the resident's presence by physical contact. Both acoustic signals and volatiles released by females during gallery constructing were shown to attract males. After a male joined a female in a gallery, the male‐produced aggressive sounds, which were shown by playback to deter other males from entering the gallery. Unlike female‐female interactions, resident males use their head and rear to push intruders out of galleries. Additionally, volatiles released by males during feeding repelled intruding males, discouraging them from entering the gallery. Males also construct plugs that block the entrance, which may prevent subsequent males and predators from entering the gallery. Thus, D. valens has evolved multifaceted mechanisms contributing to single pairings that confer benefits to both sexes.
Association of the Elderly Dietary Index with cardiovascular disease risk factors in elderly men: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Darooghegi Mofrad Manije , Namazi Nazli , Larijani Bagher , Surkan Pamela J. , Azadbakht Leila 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimThere is limited evidence regarding the association between the Elderly Dietary Index (EDI) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. The aim of the study was to examine how the EDI relates to CVD risk factors in elderly men.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, we recruited 362 elderly men aged 60 to 80 years old. Diet was measured with a validated and reliable food frequency questionnaire. The EDI assesses adherence to nutritional recommendations for older adults based on the Modified MyPyramid for Older Adults. The EDI includes meat, fish, fruits, vegetables, cereals, legumes, olive oil, bread and dairy products. Anthropometric indices, biochemical markers and blood pressure were measured using standard methods. Multivariate logistic regression assessed relationships between tertiles of EDI scores and CVD risk factors.ResultsThe mean age and body mass index of participants were 65.43 ± 5.63 years and 25.34 ± 3.17 kg/m2, respectively. After controlling for potential confounders, the EDI was inversely associated with the risk of obesity and overweight (Odds ratio [OR]: 0.49, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.27, 0.89; P = .004) and was associated with a reduced likelihood of elevated low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) concentrations (OR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.41; P < .001).ConclusionsHigher EDI was associated with lower risk of overweight and obesity and high LDL‐C concentrations. However, there was no significant association between EDI and other CVD risk factors in elderly men.
Volatile Profiles from Traditional Chinese Oat Meal Varied Significantly from Oat Porridge and Differed with Cultivars and Locations
Authors: Liu Longlong , Kong Weina , He Lu , Wang Yi , Zhang Yiru , Ma Mingchuan , Zhang Lijun , Zhou Jianping , Cui Lin , Han Yuanhuai 
Published: August 2019

AbstractVolatile profiles of oat‐based foods are mainly analyzed on the oat flakes and porridge as snack or breakfast, whereas the volatile characteristics of the traditional Chinese oat meal (TCOM), a popular main food in some regions of northern China, with special strong aroma, are not known. Here, we compared the volatile profiles from headspace solid phase microextraction gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of oat porridge (OP) and TCOM, which were of different processing and cooking methods, from those of different cultivars, and analyzed the effect of cultivation locations on oat volatile features. Apart from the 35 volatiles shared by OP and TCOM, there were 23 and 24 volatiles specific to OP and TCOM, respectively, with the later showing more toasting and frying‐related volatiles due to the dry frying process of the grains before milling. Principle component analysis of the volatiles of OP and TCOM from 16 cultivars showed that they were clustered into two groups, and four cultivars were clustered together, independent of processing and cooking methods. The oat volatile profiles of cultivars grown in three regions of north China were dependent on the cultivation locations rather than cultivars, regardless of OP or TCOM, with those from Datong of Shanxi Province and Zhangjiakou of Hebei Province clustered together. The location effect could be due to significant less precipitation in the two regions above than the other region Ulanqab of Inner Mongolia.Practical ApplicationThe volatile compounds in oat are closely related to cultivation regions, which could be applied as a key factor by oat producers for marketing. The four cultivars showed similar and stable volatile profiles, which could be used as reference cultivars for breeding of high‐quality oat with better flavor.
Detection of Spicy Compounds Using the Electronic Tongue
Authors: Paup Victoria D. , Barnett Sasha M. , Diako Charles , Ross Carolyn F. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe consumption of spicy food products has increased, resulting in an increased demand for these products. The sensory evaluation of foods containing spicy compounds provides challenges due to their trigeminal innervation and associated sensory fatigue. Thus, for the routine evaluation of spices, a need exists for rapid and objective methods of analysis; the electronic tongue (e‐tongue) provides a potential solution. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of the e‐tongue to distinguish among spicy compounds at varying concentrations. Due to the diversity of spicy compounds, seven spicy compounds were selected: capsaicin, thymol, piperine, zingerone, p‐cymene, menthol, and eugenol. For each of these compounds, a low concentration (1.427 × 10−5 to 0.85 mg/L), medium concentration (2.854 × 10−5 to 1.49 mg/L), and high concentration (0.0133 to 30.5 mg/L) were analyzed by the e‐tongue. For each compound, the e‐tongue discriminated among the concentrations with discrimination indices between 72% to 84%. Based on the responses of the e‐tongue sensors, the samples formed three clusters. Cluster 1 contained menthol, eugenol, and p‐cymene, cluster 2 contained capsaicin and thymol, and cluster 3 contained piperine and zingerone. Same‐different sensory testing was completed on a representative sample from each cluster. Untrained consumers (n = 80) distinguished among the three clusters, verifying the clusters identified by the e‐tongue. These results demonstrated that the e‐tongue could be applicable in product development and the routine evaluation of spicy products.Practical ApplicationAs the e‐tongue differentiated among spicy compounds in an effective manner, it could be used instead of or alongside sensory evaluation when evaluating spicy compounds to reduce sensory fatigue associated with routine testing. Utilizing the e‐tongue for spicy products will be an important area of research as the market for such products continues to grow.