bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Terapi dengan Dinydroartemisinin Piperaquine (DHP) dapat Mencegah Terjadinya Anemia Tetapi Tidak Dapat Mencegah IUGR pada Mencit Bunting yang di Infeksi Plasmodium berghei
Authors: Andriana Diah 
Published: July 2019

<p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>Infection of malaria with Plasmodium falciparum during pregnancy is associated with infection in the placenta and extensive adverse effects on the mother and the fetus it contains include one of them anemia in pregnant women while in the fetus IUGR occurs. Eighteen pregnant mice which were infected with Plasmodium berghei were divided into 2 groups, namely the control group and the treatment group treated with DHP. Mice are surgically removed after the 18th day after infection. Anemia was examined by looking at Hb and IUGR checked by testing the fetus. The results were found that DHP therapy in pregnant mice in Plasmodium berghei infection can prevent anemia (t<sub>coun</sub>t = 1.45 ≥ tt<sub>able</sub> = 1.96) but cannot prevent the occurrence of IUGR (t<sub>coun</sub>= 1.90 ≥ t<sub>table</sub> = 1.96) . Conclusion DHP therapy in mice with Plasmodium berghei infection can prevent anemia but can cause the fetus to experience IUGR.</p><p align="center"> </p>
Oilfield Flares Provide a Glaring Reminder of the Drive To Produce More Oil
Authors: Rassenfoss Stephen 
Published: July 2019

Natural gas flared in just two major US shale plays exceeded the amount of gas consumed last year in Colombia and Israel.
The prolific waste from the Permian and the Bakken (Figs. 1 and 2) is a side effect of rising oil production in plays where gas growth is so strong pipeline construction cannot keep up.
Flaring is a glaring reminder of the realities of the never-ending rush to drill that is driving down the cost of oil and gas around the globe.
These oil-producing wells also produce more gas than processing plants and pipelines can move to market.
Pipelines and refineries have recognized that ultralight oil in the Permian is fundamentally different from West Texas Intermediate (WTI), with a make-up that puts it somewhere between oil and gas•liquids.
As those wells age, oil production falls as the output shifts to gas.
And the cost of sustaining production for the vast majority of producers has consistently exceeded the cash generated by these wells (Fig.• 3). The gap between capital expenditures and revenues was “a staggering $4.7•billion” during the first quarter of 2019, according to a study by Alisa Lukash, a senior analyst on Rystad Energy’s North American shale team, who described it as a “tremendous overspend.”
Both the US Energy Information Administration (EIA) and Rystad have raised outlooks that already predicted strong US oil growth. Flaring growth and overspending have accompanied a rebound in growth in the Permian and Bakken, which are the flaring leaders by far in the US.
More than half of the total comes from the Permian, which has surpassed the Bakken by more than tripling the volume of gas burned per day since early 2017. The severity of the problem, though, is more acute in the Bakken. While Rystad said about 5% of the Permian gas is flared, in the Bakken, 19% of the gas is flared, according to the oil and gas division of the North Dakota Industrial Commission.
The Permian produces far more gas but has the advantage of being close to growing markets for it—chemical plants, export pipelines to Mexico, and natural gas liquefaction facilities—while North Dakota is a distant option for Midwestern markets well supplied by other plays.
Limited pipeline capacity means those shippers without contracts ensuring they can move their gas are paid little or less than nothing—prices at Waha gas hub in west Texas repeatedly sank into negative territory over the winter, and pipeline shortages will linger until a big new pipeline goes into service.
Oil pipeline construction also has lagged supply growth in the Bakken. Trains and trucks can ship oil, but that is a costly option. North Dakota oil regulators reported that Bakken prices hovered around $50/bbl early this year when the benchmark US oil grade was about $10/bbl higher.
These Five Companies are Reinventing the US Frac Fleet
Authors: Jacobs Trent 
Published: July 2019

The beasts of burden in the US shale sector are the pressure pumping units that takes the theory of hydraulic fracturing and put it into practice. Yet, for much of the past 2 decades, these high-horsepower machines have seen relatively scant technological advancement.
Then the industry downturn happened. Hundreds of older units were scuttled. Profit margins for what was left were squeezed as tight as ever. Budgets to invest in new, unproven technologies were scarce.
Modernizers from various corners of the industry rose to challenge the idea that pressure pumping technology is stagnate, or simply “dumb iron.” For the past couple of years, this crusade has been led by the largest pressure pumping firms in the US by horsepower, Halliburton and Schlumberger. Both have introduced fracturing fleets that, by automating key manual tasks, are accelerating completion times and improving machine reliability.
But they are not the lone innovators. On the other end of the spectrum are five lesser-known technology developers, most of them startups. Their new software and hardware products reveal that wherever you look on a fracturing spread, there are costs to trim and new efficiencies to be gained.•
Evolution Well Services
The problem: Stimulating an unconventional reservoir requires a lot of horsepower, which means burning a lot of diesel fuel. Even a small spread consumes around 9,500 gallons of diesel each day, costing near $30,000. Additionally, diesel-powered pumps dictate the construction of large and expensive well pads. As a rule, a single fleet needs up to three times the area of a drilling rig.
The solution: Based in The Woodlands, Texas, this startup uses 100% natural gas-burning turbine generators to feed its custom-designed hydraulic fracturing pumps.
These electrically powered pressure pumps, known as “e-fleets,” leverage the price arbitrage between diesel fuel and natural gas. Because of the high consumption rate of the machinery, the delta translates into quick and scalable•savings.
“On a monthly basis, that fuel substitution represents somewhere between $1 to $1.5 million—and that gets everybody’s attention,” said Ben Bodishbaugh, chief executive officer of Evolution.
Realizing such savings does require that a well site be near a ready supply of natural gas, which may be the e-fleets’ biggest limiter. Evolution points out that its system was designed to deliver the best economics by using unprocessed or lightly processed field gas that can be piped directly to the pad from producing wells or associated gas systems, which could help operators dial back flaring.
The firm deployed its first e-fleet in 2016 and has since expanded to six fleets. Each one consists of eight pumping units compared with conventional fleets in the US that range in size from 20–25 units.
Event Covers State of the Art in Plugging and Abandonment
Authors: JPT staff _ 
Published: July 2019

The SPE Forum, “Shaping the Next Wave in Well Plugging and Abandonment” was held 18–22 March in The Hague, The Netherlands. It brought together leaders from production and service sector companies, regulators, and stakeholders to discuss issues that are shaping the well plugging and abandonment sector. The event attracted 77 specialists from around the world.
Below are highlights and key points from each of the various sessions.
Session 1 identified stakeholders, their hopes and concerns, risks and opportunities.
There are large opportunities from agreed risk assessment methodology, tailored for the well.
Operators and governments align fairly well in objectives, hopes, and fears.
Authorities have very diverse interests, are concerned about leaks, technical standards, failure mode assessments, gold plating, lines of credit, maximized recovery, orphan wells, lack of transparency, accidents, emissions. Operators’ concerns are primarily around reputation and long-term integrity, liabilities, budget, regulatory clarity. Opportunities lie in collaboration, standards, and continuity.
Multiple service providers see market share and differentiation as opportunities. They are concerned with penalties, scope overestimates, and project deferment.
Single service providers struggle with long-term support from operators and regulators, lack of risk sharing, and early cutting of funding. Intellectual property is an opportunity.
Academia and technology developers have concerns about R&D funding, access to field practice, exclusivity requests, and regulations that stifle progress. Opportunities relate to incubator (seed) funding and accelerating standards/regulations.
The public is often concerned about environmental harm and loss of value. Extra compensation or community funding may be welcomed as an opportunity.
Session 2 discussed uncertainties that surround the•well and subsurface conditions.
There is no shortage of methods of•integrity recovery that have been tried.
The industry needs to look further than the mean in its data and models. The implications of outliers can be undesirable.
The industry often looks at the primary elements of the abandonment operation but needs•to also look at the system and the system objectives.
Companies need to understand the subsurface and have access to data, which requires greater interaction from subsurface disciplines early in•the process.
The industry is late in the lifecycle of our wells and the uncertainty in the condition and state of wells is inherent in everything that we do.
There is no shortage in creativity, initiative, and opportunity in and outside of our industry—we should•use it.
Technology Focus: Formation Evaluation (August 2019)
Authors: Ma Shouxiang (Mark) 
Published: July 2019

Technology Focus
Formation evaluation drew special attention at the 2019 International Petroleum Technology Conference (IPTC) Education Week in Beijing, 24–28 March. The student team that worked on Integrated Formation Evaluation for Resources Exploration and Reservoir Delineation won the first-place award. Congratulations, team!
The main objectives of the IPTC Education Week are to provide university students an opportunity to work on technical projects, establish and extend professional networks, and interact with industry leaders. It is an excellent way of engaging the current with the future for oil and gas professionals and their•businesses.
For the 2019 IPTC Education Week, hundreds of applications were received and 64 top students majoring in science, geoscience, and engineering were selected by the Education Week Committee to participate in the program, representing 49 universities in 23 countries. The students were divided into small multidisciplinary teams, each mentored by an industry subject-matter expert. The teams spent several months working together virtually on projects identified by the committee.
The program received strong support from industry leaders; the chairman of the IPTC Board of Directors and the presidents of the IPTC sponsoring organizations participated in the opening ceremony and networked with students. SPE President Sami Alnuaim led the Day 1 panel session with industry executives and discussed the concept of citizen engineering. It was a once-in-a-lifetime event for the students to participate in IPTC major events and visit state-of-the-art research facilities such as the Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development of the China National Petroleum Corporation.
The big test came on the last day of the IPTC Education Week. Ten teams presented their work in front of five industry judges. On the basis of technical presentations, interactive quizzes were also conducted to enhance learning. The three winning teams were honored at the IPTC closing ceremony by industry leaders. It was a memorable event for all involved, especially the students.
Before the IPTC Education Week was over, preparation for the 2020 Dhahran IPTC Education Week had already begun. Stay tuned, and you are most welcome to join us in Saudi Arabia in January.
Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.
SPE 191681 How Different Density-Neutron LWD Tool Responses Can Affect the•Formation-Evaluation Approach by Federica Di Maggio, Eni, et al.
SPE 191662 Using Drill Cuttings To Enhance Characterization and Description of Tight Carbonate Reservoirs by Ahmed Salim, Saudi Aramco, et al.
SPE 193539 Characterization of Type and Maturity of Organic Matter in Source Rock by In-Situ Electrical Heating and Temperature Transient Analysis by Kyung Jae Lee, University of Houston
Boosting Uncovers True Value of Subsea Assets
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: July 2019

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper OTC 29407, “Why Not Boosting? Uncover the True Value of Your Subsea Asset,” by Morten Stenhaug, SPE, Hongkun Dong, and Mads Hjelmeland, Schlumberger OneSubsea, prepared for the 2019 Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, 6–9•May. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2019 Offshore Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission.
The first subsea multiphase boosting system was installed in•1994. Since•then, it has grown into a•technology with a global track record.•This paper is aimed at identifying potentially significant hidden•value of the technology, or aspects thereof that have•not received adequate attention during the field-development decision-making process.•The authors demonstrate that a more-complete and -integrated assessment approach can reveal this additional value.
Introduction
The effect of boosting on increased recovery is realized through lowering of the wellhead, bottomhole, or reservoir pressure at which hydrocarbons can be produced economically. This translates into a higher degree of reservoir depletion; more-efficient drainage; and, to a certain extent, greater volumes produced.
Increased oil recovery (IOR) has been the primary driver for adding artificial lift to subsea production systems, and also for subsea multiphase boosting. In projects in which subsea multiphase boosting was selected, IOR was the main driver for more than 90% of the assets.
A review of field-development projects over the past 30 years for cases in which boosting was evaluated but not chosen revealed that many had used fixed production profiles or decline curves that were developed originally for either natural flow or gas-lifted flow (i.e., with a fixed total producible volume). These approaches do not permit quantification of improved recovery. Another observation is that these shortcuts to artificial-lift evaluation in the early project development phase tend to be carried through the subsequent decision gates of a project without being challenged.
Another aspect of the technology that is often neglected is the fact that the actual cost of the additional barrels of oil enabled by subsea multiphase boosting can be significantly lower compared with the cost of a barrel of oil from regular field development. Furthermore, for larger fields with higher recoverable volumes, or a higher recovery factor, the full-cycle capital expenditure (CAPEX) may be reduced to less than $5/bbl.
Benefits of Subsea
Multiphase Boosting Accelerated Production. The financial effect of accelerated production is a less-used evaluation criteria with regard to subsea multiphase boosting. There are reports in the literature of flow-rate increases of 20 to 100% online, with this early revenue leading to improved net present value, internal rate of return, reduced payback time, and lower breakeven price—factors that are often not considered.
Predictors of exacerbations of pulmonary MAC disease
Authors: Kodaka Norio , Nakano Chihiro , Oshio Takeshi , Watanabe Kayo , Niitsuma Kumiko , Imaizumi Chisato , Matsuse Hiroto 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background and Objectives

The number of patients with pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease is increasing worldwide, especially among middle-aged women and never-smokers. Although sex and smoking status have attracted attention as predictors in the development and exacerbation of pulmonary MAC disease, the exact associations remain unknown.The aim of the present study was to clarify the associations of sex and smoking status with the clinical characteristics of pulmonary MAC disease and to identify the predictors of exacerbations of pulmonary MAC disease.

Methods

The subjects were 128 patients diagnosed with pulmonary MAC disease according to the 2007 American Thoracic Society/Infectious Disease Society guidelines from May 2011 to May 2016 at our institute. Their medical records were retrospectively examined for their clinical findings. The radiological findings at the time of the diagnosis and 1 year later were evaluated. Clinical characteristics were compared by smoking status and sex. To identify the natural predictors of exacerbation, multivariable analysis was performed with the data of 80 treatment-naïve patients.

Results

Female, never-smoker, and nodular/bronchiectatic (NB) type were common in patients with pulmonary MAC disease. Univariate analysis of data from treatment-naïve subjects showed that female, never-smoker, fewer lung diseases other than MAC, extensive radiological findings, and ≥3 lobes involved were significantly associated with exacerbations. On multivariate analysis, fewer lung diseases other than MAC, extensive radiological findings, and ≥3 lobes involved were significantly associated with exacerbations, but female and never-smoker were not.

Conclusions

In this study, extensive radiological findings, especially abnormal shadows in ≥3 lobes and absence of lung diseases other than MAC, rather than sex and smoking status, were predictors of exacerbations of treatment-naïve pulmonary MAC disease.
Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection in women living in remote riverine communities in the Amazonas, Brazil
Authors: Zonta Marco Antonio , Roque Karina Bonilha , Juliano Yara , Liljander Anne , Cavalar Markus , Akaki Beatriz Ayumi , Pignatari Antonio Carlos Campos , Kiffer Carlos Robero Veiga 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide. Since some HPV types are associated with the development of cervical cancer, routine screening for HPV plays a crucial part in cancer prevention programs at global level. In Brazil, the cervical cancer rate is among the highest in the world, in particular in indigenous women living in remote areas with limited access to public health services. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of HPV infections and their co-occurrence with cervical lesions in Brazilian women living in isolated riverine communities. Moreover, the association between social environment, sexual activity and prevalence of HPV infection was assessed.
The recent evolution of the HIV rates in Sub-Saharan Africa: Do differences still persist?
Authors: bernal antonio montañés , Martínez Cristina 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background
This paper studies the evolution of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence and incidence rates in Sub-Saharan African countries, paying special attention to the possible presence of a unique pattern of behavior of these variables across the mentioned countries during the 1990-2016 period.
Methods
We employ time series methods designed to analyze the hypothesis of convergence. We apply these tests to prevalence and incidence rates of the Sub-Saharan African countries for the 1990-2016 period.
Results
We cannot reject the null hypothesis of convergence for male prevalence rates and total incidence rates. By contrast, we can observe divergence in female prevalence rates,
Conclusion
The evolution of the male prevalence rates and incidence rates is quite similar for the Sub-Saharan countries. But, we can still find different patterns of behavior for female prevalence rates. Therefore, the recent HIV-oriented policies have not been able to control its transmission yet. We can also appreciate that some socioeconomic variables play a crucial role to explain the different behaviors of female prevalence rates, especially the level of female education. So, focusing on this variable is crucial to control this pandemia.
Epidemiology and Molecular Identification of Mycoplasma pneumoniae associated respiratory tract, Zhejiang province, China, 2008-2017
Authors: Jiang Qian , Zhao Zhao , Yang Fangfang , Ge Yumei 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common cause of respiratory infections in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the infection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) in patients with acute respiratory tract infections in Zhejiang Province from 2008 to 2017, and to provide evidence for the early diagnosis and prevention of MP pneumonia.

Methods

MP-DNA was detected in nasopharyngeal swabs of patients with acute respiratory tract infection by real-time fluorescent PCR (Taqman probe). Statistical analysis and epidemiological investigation were carried out on the test results.

Results

There were 10296 patients with acute respiratory tract infection in Zhejiang People's Hospital from 2008 to 2017, including 4387 females and 5909 males. A total of 1251 MP-DNA positive patients were detected, with a total positive rate of 12.2% (1251/10296). Among 1251 patients with M. pneumoniae infection, 571 were female positive, with an average positive rate of 13.0% (571/4387), 680 were male positive, with a positive rate of 11.5% (680/5909). From 2008 to 2017, the positive rates were 22.8% (33 cases), 20.9% (211 cases), 20.9% (350 cases), 5.5% (70 cases), 11.7% (136 cases), 15.2% (190 cases), 7.8% (94 cases), 5.9% (62 cases), 7.8% (56 cases) and 6.0% (49 cases), respectively. Of 1251 MP-DNA positive patients, 1243 (99.4%) were younger than 18 years old.

Conclusions

MP infection mainly occurs in the age below 18 years old, suggesting that early diagnosis and prevention of MP infection in adolescents should be emphasized.