bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial Neural Network Approach for Modeling of Ni(Ii) Adsorption from Aqueous Solution by Peanut Shell
Authors: Yildiz Sayiter 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In this study, ANN (artificial neural network) model was applied to estimate the Ni(II) removal efficiency of peanut shell based on batch adsorption tests. The effects of initial pH, metal concentrations, temperature, contact time and sorbent dosage were determined. Also, COD (chemical oxygen demand) was measured to evaluate the possible adverse effects of the sorbent during the tests performed with varying temperature, pH and sorbent dosage. COD was found as 96.21 mg/dm3 at pH 2 and 54.72 mg/dm3 at pH 7. Also, a significant increase in COD value was observed with increasing dosage of the used sorbent. COD was found as 12.48 mg/dm3 after use of 0.05 g sorbent and as 282.78 mg/dm3 after use of 1 g sorbent. During isotherm studies, the highest regression coefficient (R
2) value was obtained with Freundlich isotherm (R
2 = 0.97) for initial concentration and with Temkin isotherm for sorbent dosage. High pseudo-second order kinetic model regression constants were observed (R
2 = 0.95-0.99) during kinetic studies with varying pH values. In addition, Ni(II) ion adsorption on peanut shell was further defined with pseudo-second order kinetic model, since qe
values in the second order kinetic equation were very close to the experimental values. The relation between the estimated results of the built ANN model and the experimental results were used to evaluate the success of ANN modeling. Consequently, experimental results of the study were found to be in good agreement with the estimated results of the model.
Variation is information: Analyses of variation across items, participants, time, and methods in metalinguistic judgment data
Authors: Verhagen Véronique , Mos Maria , Schilperoord Joost , Backus Ad 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn a usage-based framework, variation is part and parcel of our linguistic experiences, and therefore also of our mental representations of language. In this article, we bring attention to variation as a source of information. Instead of discarding variation as mere noise, we examine what it can reveal about the representation and use of linguistic knowledge. By means of metalinguistic judgment data, we demonstrate how to quantify and interpret four types of variation: variation across items, participants, time, and methods. The data concern familiarity ratings assigned by 91 native speakers of Dutch to 79 Dutch prepositional phrases such asin de tuin‘in the garden’ andrond de ingang‘around the entrance’. Participants performed the judgment task twice within a period of one to two weeks, using either a 7-point Likert scale or a Magnitude Estimation scale. We explicate the principles according to which the different types of variation can be considered information about mental representation, and we show how they can be used to test hypotheses regarding linguistic representations.
The Listening of two Piazzas in Rome
Authors: Tedeschini Lalli Laura , Magrone Paola 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We report on the soundscape of Piazza Fontana di Trevi and Piazza Testaccio, gathering places in Rome. Soundscape is a realm of research about the interactions between cultural, cognitive and physical aspects of sound in space, still yielding interesting open questions.We performed perceptive surveys and instrument measurements, carefully spatialized in both cases. The perceptive results concern the recognizability of a particular sound in a conglomerate of sounds across an urban space and the sense of bodily orientation given by sound. They are proposed via verbal narratives and original visualizations of the place. We then use computer models to validate some of the perceived (unexpected) spatial perceptive features, by a ray-tracer simulation. The point of the paper is in fact to compare methods about sound in space, starting from perceptive evaluations, to drive objective analysis and collection of data toward new aspects, and always pursuing spatialization of data.
Construction of new solitary wave solutions of generalized Zakharov-Kuznetsov-Benjamin-Bona-Mahony and simplified modified form of Camassa-Holm equations
Authors: Lu Dianchen , Seadawy Aly R. , Iqbal Mujahid 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this research work, for the first time we introduced and described the new method, which is modified extended auxiliary equation mapping method. We investigated the new exact traveling and families of solitary wave solutions of two well-known nonlinear evaluation equations, which are generalized Zakharov-Kuznetsov-Benjamin-Bona-Mahony and simplified modified forms of Camassa-Holm equations. We used a new technique and we successfully obtained the new families of solitary wave solutions. As a result, these new solutions are obtained in the form of elliptic functions, trigonometric functions, kink and antikink solitons, bright and dark solitons, periodic solitary wave and traveling wave solutions. These new solutions show the power and fruitfulness of this new method. We can solve other nonlinear partial differential equations with the use of this method.
Effect of magnetic field and heat source on Upper-convected-maxwell fluid in a porous channel
Authors: Khan Zeeshan , Rasheed Haroon Ur , Alkanhal Tawfeeq Abdullah , Ullah Murad , Khan Ilyas , Tlili Iskander 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe effect of magnetic field on the flow of the UCMF (Upper-Convected-Maxwell Fluid) with the property of a heat source/sink immersed in a porous medium is explored. A shrinking phenomenon along with the permeability of the wall are considered. The governing equations for the motion and transfer of heat of the UC MF along with boundary conditions are converted into a set of coupled nonlinear mathematical equations. Appropriate similarity transformations are used to convert the set of nonlinear partial differential equations into nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The modeled ordinary differential equations have been solved by the Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM). The convergence of the series solution is established. For the sake of comparison, numerical (ND-Solve method) solutions are also obtained. Special attention is given to how the non-dimensional physical parameters of interest affect the flow of the UCMF. It is observed that with the increasing Deborah number the velocity decreases and the temperature inside the fluid increases. The results show that the velocity and temperature distribution increases with a porous medium. It is also observed that the magnetic parameter has a decelerating effect on velocity while the temperature profiles increases in the entire domain. Due to the increase in Prandtl number the temperature profile increases. It is also observed that the heat source enhance the thermal conductivity and increases the fluid temperature while the heat sink provides a decrease in the fluid temperature.
Bewertung subjektiver und automatisierter Merkmalsextraktion periodischer Zeitsignale am Beispiel des 3MA-X8-Verfahrens
Authors: Youssef Sargon , Zimmer Cyril , Szielasko Klaus , Schütze Andreas 
Published: January 2019

Zusammenfassung
Die mikromagnetischen zerstörungsfreien Prüfverfahren bedienen sich der gegenseitigen Abhängigkeit der magnetischen und mechanischen Eigenschaften ferromagnetischer Werkstoffe. Änderungen in Härte, Zugfestigkeit und Streckgrenze, aber auch Last- und Eigenspannungen schlagen sich in Änderungen von Merkmalen der magnetischen Hysteresekurve nieder (beispielsweise Koerzitivfeldstärke, Remanenz und Permeabilität). Die direkte Bestimmung der magnetischen Hysterese ist in der Praxis auf klassische Weise jedoch meist nicht möglich, teilweise aufgrund der hohen Messzeit, teilweise aufgrund der Notwendigkeit, wohldefiniert geformte Proben entnehmen zu müssen, um die Flussdichte über eine probenumfassende Spule messen zu können. Das am Fraunhofer-Institut für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfverfahren IZFP entwickelte 3MA-X8-Verfahren (3MA = Mikromagnetische Multiparameter Mikrostruktur und Spannungs-Analyse) bestimmt insgesamt 21 Merkmale, die indirekt Hysteresemerkmale abbilden. Die Extraktion dieser Merkmale basiert überwiegend auf subjektiven Unterschieden in den Messkurven. Die Aufnahme dieser Merkmale erfolgt mit Hilfe eines Prüfkopfes in Aufsatztechnik mit hoher Messgeschwindigkeit in Echtzeit. Bei Klassifizierungs- bzw. Interpolationsproblemen werden diese Merkmale je nach Aufgabenstellung entweder mit Hilfe eines Nächste-Nachbar-Klassifikators bzw. einer multiplen linearen Regression zur zerstörungsfreien Vorhersage von Werkstoffeigenschaften verwendet. Auch kleinere Messeffekte, wie z. B. Zugspannungen, lassen sich hierdurch zwar vorhersagen, bei überlagerten Einflüssen, wie der Verwendung verschiedener Werkstoffe (z. B. 100Cr6, C45 und S235 im normalisierten Zustand) verschlechtert sich die Vorhersagequalität jedoch unter Umständen dramatisch. Es besteht jedoch die Möglichkeit, dass geringe, aber signifikante Messeffekte übersehen werden. Die im Rahmen dieser Veröffentlichung vorgestellte automatisierte Merkmalsextraktion bietet die Möglichkeit, Merkmale auch mit kleinem Messeffekt zur Zielgröße unabhängig vom Beobachter zu extrahieren und dadurch die Vorhersagequalität von Werkstoffeigenschaften auch bei überlagerten Einflüssen, wie z. B. der Verwendung verschiedener Werkstoffe, zu verbessern.
DMT for Load-Settlement Curve Prediction in a Tropical Sandy Soil Compared to Plate Load Tests
Authors: Dos Santos Roberto A. , Rocha Breno P. , Giacheti Heraldo L. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The flat dilatometer test (DMT) has been used as an accurate in situ site investigation tool for foundation settlement prediction. However, few investigations have assessed its performance in settlement prediction in unusual soils. In addition, very little work has been performed to obtain a complete load-settlement prediction curve. This article assesses an approach that uses the DMT to obtain a complete load-settlement prediction curve at a tropical sandy soil site under both natural and inundated conditions. DMTs, plate load tests, and oedometer tests were carried out in these two moisture conditions at the experimental research site located in Bauru, São Paulo State, Brazil. The obtained data showed good agreement between the load-settlement curve predicted by the DMT and those determined by the plate load tests at four different depths and two soil conditions. The presented interpretation method based on DMT data worked well to predict the complete load-settlement curve at an unusual soil site at different depths and soil moisture content conditions.
Distinct Neural Mechanisms of Spatial Attention and Expectation Guide Perceptual Inference in a Multisensory World
Authors: Zuanazzi Arianna , Noppeney Uta 
Published: January 2019

Spatial attention (i.e., task-relevance) and expectation (i.e., signal probability) are two critical top-down mechanisms guiding perceptual inference. Spatial attention prioritizes processing of information at task-relevant locations. Spatial expectations encode the statistical structure of the environment. An unresolved question is how the brain allocates attention and forms expectations in a multisensory environment, where task-relevance and signal probability over space can differ across sensory modalities. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging in human participants (female and male) to investigate whether the brain encodes task-relevance and signal probability over space separately or interactively across sensory modalities. In a novel multisensory paradigm, we manipulated spatial attention and expectation selectively in audition and assessed their effects on behavioral and neural responses to auditory and visual stimuli. Our results show that both auditory and visual stimuli increased activations in a right-lateralized frontoparietal system, when they were presented at locations that were task-irrelevant in audition. Yet, only auditory stimuli increased activations in the medial prefrontal cortex when presented at expected locations and in audiovisual and frontoparietal cortices signaling a prediction error when presented at unexpected locations. This dissociation in multisensory generalization for attention and expectation effects shows that the brain controls attentional resources interactively across the senses but encodes the statistical structure of the environment as spatial expectations independently for each sensory system. Our results demonstrate that spatial attention and expectation engage partly overlapping neural systems via distinct mechanisms to guide perceptual inference in a multisensory world.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn our natural environment the brain is exposed to a constant influx of signals through all our senses. How does the brain allocate attention and form spatial expectations in this multisensory environment? Because observers need to respond to stimuli regardless of their sensory modality, they may allocate attentional resources and encode the probability of events jointly across the senses. This psychophysics and neuroimaging study shows that the brain controls attentional resources interactively across the senses via a frontoparietal system but encodes the statistical structure of the environment independently for each sense in sensory and frontoparietal areas. Thus, spatial attention and expectation engage partly overlapping neural systems via distinct mechanisms to guide perceptual inference in a multisensory world.
CHARACTER BUILDING PADA ANAK USIA DINI MELALUI METODE PARENTING DI LINGKUNGAN KELUARGA
Authors: Nuraeni Neng Sri 
Published: January 2019

Pendidikan sejak usia dini kepada anak-anak merupakan salah satu cara untuk membentuk karakter dan kepribadian anak untuk masa yang akan datang. Anak – anak yang memiliki kecerdasan yang baik biasanya akan memiliki karakter yang baik pula. Setiap orang tua pasti ingin anaknya kelak dapat berguna dan memiliki masa depan yang baik. Masa depan yang baik akan bisa tercapai jika anak diberikan pembelajaran tata krama dan juga kemandirian yang tepat. Kebiasaan – kebiasaan yang baik akan membantu anak – anak untuk bisa hidup dengan baik dan sehat. Anak anak sejak masa bayi hingga usia prasekolah memiliki lingkungan tunggal, yaitu keluarga. Oleh sebab itu tidak mengherankan jika dikatakan bahwa kebiasaan yang dimiliki anak - anak sebagian besar terbentuk oleh pendidikan dalam keluarga, sejak dari bangun tidur hingga saat tidur kembali, anak-anak menerima pengaruh dan pendidikan dari lingkungan terutama keluarga. Sehingga pendidikan dalam keluarga merupakan inti dan fondasi dari upaya pendidikan secara keseluruhan. Pendidikan dalam keluarga yang baik akan menjadi fondasi yang kokoh bagi upaya upaya pendidikan selanjutnya baik di sekolah maupun di luar sekolah. Berbagai macam cara akan dilakukan oleh orang tua untuk bisa membimbing anaknya ke arah yang baik. salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan oleh orang tua dirumah adalah dengan menerapkan metode Parenting. Akhir-akhir ini munculnya istilah Parenting menjadi paradigma baru untuk para orang tua dalam mendidik anak serta menumbuhkan karakter pada anak. Pada dasarnya metode parenting tersebut adalah salah satu cara mendidik anak, yang erat kaitannya dengan konsep pendidikan.
Efficacy of a commercial glutaraldehyde footbath product for the control of bovine digital dermatitis
Authors: Paduch Jan-Hendrik , Grabowski Nils Th. , Seeth Martin tho , Krömker Volker 
Published: January 2019

Summary
Objective: To evaluate the relative efficacy of a novel, commercially available disinfecting agent containing ≥ 15 to < 20 % glutaraldehyde in a hydro-colloid matrix (“EIMÜ Klauen Sprint®”; Eimermacher, Nordwalde, Germany, Biozid-Desinfektionsmittel, BAuA Nr. N-57213) as a walkthrough footbath in order to treat digital dermatitis of dairy cattle. Material and methods: The study was conducted in a dairy farm located in northern Germany from June 1st, 2015 to September 5th, 2015. Eighty-eight cows were enrolled in this study. In both trials of the study, a walkthrough footbath was applied on five consecutive milking times per week. Trial 1 was a blinded, randomised and controlled intervention study. The therapy group (n = 40) received the novel glutaraldehyde product in a 2 % solution while the control group (n = 40) was led through a footbath containing pure water. Trial 2 was a longitudinal study to investigate the development of claw health over a longer time period regarding the use of the new footbath solution. In trial 2 the disinfecting footbath was applied to all trial cows (therapy and control group) of trial 1. The development of claw health and lameness was systematically monitored in the two groups on days 0, 9, 17, 29, 35 (trial 1) and days 42, 68, 94 (trial 2), respectively. The adjusted odds of digital dermatitis lesions (DDL) throughout the study were analysed by mixed logistic regression models. Results: The odds of DDL were 0.15 for the glutaraldehyde foot-bath group compared to the control group. Hence, the disinfecting footbath significantly reduced the DDL prevalence and increased the cure rate of DDL. However, no preventive effect on new digital dermatitis (DD) cases could be identified. Conclusion: The efficacy of the novel glutaraldehyde footbath was evaluated and it was concluded that “EIMÜ Klauen Sprint®” was well tolerated over a longer period of time and might therefore be an effective tool to control DD. Clinical relevance: In future, „EIMÜ Klauen Sprint®“ could be used within a Mortellaro sanitation concept and thereby might help to solve a major problem of dairy cattle farms.
Okuläre Dermoide und Mikrophthalmie bei einem Jungschaf
Authors: Leitzen Eva , Reineking Wencke , Hewicker-Trautwein Marion , Ganter Martin , Meilwes Johanna Maria 
Published: January 2019

ZusammenfassungEin 6 Monate altes Leineschaf wurde aufgrund von hautähnlichen Zubildungen auf dem linken Auge vorgestellt. In der Erstuntersuchung präsentierte sich das Tier, abgesehen von den Augenveränderungen, unauffällig. Klinisch wurden am linken Auge ein korneales und ein konjunktivales Dermoid sowie fehlender Visus diagnostiziert. Im Verlauf über ein Jahr zeigte das Schaf zunächst eine Konjunktivitis sowie eine Entzündung der Augenumgebung und im weiteren Verlauf eine Wachstumsdepression. Am eu thanasierten Tier wurden bei der histopathologischen Untersuchung neben den beiden Dermoiden eine Mikrophthalmie und eine Aphakie diagnostiziert. Dermoide sind bei verschiedenen Haustierarten und beim Menschen beschrieben und gehen teilweise mit anderen Miss bildungen einher. Bei Schafen treten sie nur sehr sporadisch auf und finden in der Literatur kaum Erwähnung.
ANÁLISE FÍSICO-QUÍMICA E SENSORIAL DE CERVEJAS COMERCIAIS BRASILEIRAS
Authors: Doretto Daniel De Araujo , Figueira Ricardo , Sartori Maria Márcia Pererira , Venturini Filho Waldemar Gastoni 
Published: January 2019

RESUMO: O objetivo do trabalho foi identificar as diferenças físicas, químicas e sensoriais das principais marcas de cervejas comercializadas no Brasil e verificar se estavam em conformidade com a legislação vigente no país e também com o estilo cervejeiro proposto pelo BJCP. Nesse estudo foram avaliadas as marcas Antártica, Brahma e Skol (AmBev), Schin e Glacial (Brasil Kirin), Itaipava e Crystal (Grupo Petrópolis), Kaiser e Bavária (Heineken).s cervejas foram analisadas para teor alcoólico, extrato real, extrato aparente, extrato original, pH, acidez total, gás carbônico, amargor, cor e turbidez. A análise sensorial foi realizada de forma monádica, usando o teste afetivo de escala hedônica estruturada de nove pontos para os atributos sensoriais de aparência, aroma, sabor e avaliação global. Também foi realizado um levantamento de preços, os quais foram correlacionados com os atributos sensoriais pela aplicação da análise de componentes principais de correlação multivariada. Todas as cervejas analisadas apresentaram parâmetros físicos e químicos em concordância com a legislação brasileira e com o estilo American Lager proposto pelo BJCP. Os parâmetros físicos e químicos analisados ficaram sempre próximos ao limite mínimo legal. As cervejas mais caras não foram as preferidas pelos provadores; consequentemente, o preço não deve ser relacionado à qualidade sensorial da cerveja.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: bebida alcoólica, teste sensorial afetivo, qualidade, preço.
Non-Graded Base Si/Ge Heterojunction Transistor
Authors: Mil'shtein Sam , Dombala Harsha Purushothama , Kia Oliver A , Zinaddinov Mukhammaddin 
Published: January 2019

<strong>Innovation of Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor (HBT) technology is a major game changer in wireless communication, power amplifiers and other major fields of electronics. HBTs play a vital role in extending the advantages of silicon bipolar transistors to significantly higher levels. Research on HBT is focused on reducing cost and improving reliability. These transistors have a wide range of applications namely, digital-to-analog converters, logarithmic amplifiers, RF chip sets for CDMA wireless communication systems, and power amplifiers for cellular communications. Our study focuses on utilizing the high mobility of pure Ge instead of often-used graded Ge base. Non-grtaded Ge base enhanses carrier transport which in turn increases the gain and cut-off frequency of the HBT. We have developed a high frequency, high current gain, high power gain and less noisy heterojunction bipolar transistor operating above 100GHz frequency. Lattice mismatch at emitter and collector junctions is compensated by inserting SiGe buffer layers. ATLAS TCAD - SILVACO software is used for modelling of this novel device.</strong>
STATUS KUALITAS AIR SUNGAI SEKITAR KAWASAN PENAMBANGAN PASIR DI SUNGAI BATANG ALAI DESA WAWAI KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Rizqan Ahmad , Mahyudin Idiannor , Rahman Mijani , Hadie Jamzuri 
Published: January 2019

This study aimed to analyze the water quality of Sungai Batang Alai. Water quality of physics and chemistry properties were analized in location of sand mining and without sand mining. Research conducted at Sungai Batang Alai Village Wawai District of South Batang Alai Hulu Sungai Tengah. Parameters of physical and chemical of water which analyzed were temperature, TSS, TDS, Debit, BOD, COD, DO, pH, Fe, and Mn. The sample were taken at 4 points with 3x replicatation. Status of water water quality were determined by using STORET method, then the results were compared with status of river water quality status of Class I based on South Kalimantan Governor Regulation No. 5 of 2007 on the status of river water quality. The results showed that the sand mining activities negatively impact the water quality of the river Batang Alai than the location there are no sand mining. This can be seen by the river water quality status in the area before the sand mining in the category of Class I to Class III down to the location of the existing sand mining.