bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Disruption of Core Beliefs, Social Support, and Rumination on Posttraumatic Growth for Korean Undergraduate Students
Authors: Choi Sumi , Lemberger‐Truelove Matthew E. , Cho Sung Mi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe authors investigated disruption of core beliefs, deliberate rumination, and perceived social support as each might relate to posttraumatic growth (PTG) for a sample of 1,121 Korean undergraduate students. Results from a structural model supported the hypothesized relationships among the 2 cognitive factors, social support, and PTG. The higher the students’ levels of disruption of core beliefs and perceived social support, the higher their level of deliberate rumination, and both deliberate rumination and perceived social support were positively related to PTG. The results illustrate that both personal and social factors are essential in buffering against felt trauma but might further contribute to unique forms of growth after the experience of a traumatic event.
Neo‐Angiogenesis, Transplant Viability, and Molecular Analyses of Vascularized Bone Allotransplantation Surgery in a Large Animal Model
Authors: Houben Rudolph H. , Thaler Roman , Kotsougiani Dimitra , Friedrich Patricia F. , Shin Alexander Y. , van Wijnen Andre J. , Bishop Allen T. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTVascularized composite allotransplantation of bone is a possible alternative treatment for large osseous defects but requires life‐long immunosuppression. Surgical induction of autogenous neo‐angiogenic circulation maintains transplant viability without this requirement, providing encouraging results in small animal models [1–3]. A preliminary feasibility study in a swine tibia model demonstrated similar findings [4, 5]. This study in swine tibial allotransplantation tests its applicability in a pre‐clinical large animal model. Previously, we have demonstrated bone vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) survival was not the result of induction of tolerance nor an incompetent immune system [1]. Fourteen tibia vascularized bone allotransplants were microsurgically transplanted orthotopically to reconstruct size‐matched tibial defects in Yucatan miniature swine. Two weeks of immunosuppression was used to maintain allotransplant pedicle patency during angiogenesis from a simultaneously implanted autogenous arteriovenous bundle. The implanted arteriovenous bundle was patent in group 1 and ligated in group 2 (a neo‐angiogenesis control). At twenty weeks, we quantified the neo‐angiogenesis and correlated it with transplant viability, bone remodeling, and gene expression. All patent arteriovenous bundles maintained patency throughout the survival period. Micro‐angiographic, osteocyte cell count and bone remodeling parameters were significantly higher than controls due to the formation of a neo‐angiogenic autogenous circulation. Analysis of gene expression found maintained osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity as well as a significant increase in expression of endothelial growth factor‐like 6 (EGFL‐6) in the patent arteriovenous bundle group. Vascularized composite allotransplants of swine tibia maintained viability and actively remodeled over 20 weeks when short‐term immunosuppression is combined with simultaneous autogenous neo‐angiogenesis. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:288‐296, 2020
Clonal diversity and substantial genetic divergence of the Daphnia similis species complex in Chinese lakes: Possible adaptations to the uplift of the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Ma Xiaolin , Ni Yijun , Wang Xiaoyu , Hu Wei , Yin Mingbo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractVery few studies have focused on the biogeography and genetic diversity of aquatic invertebrate zooplankton from the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau, an important biogeographic hotspot. The geological uplift of this region created special environments requiring adaptive genetic diversification of the resident lineages. Here, we developed and used the first set of high‐resolution microsatellite markers for the Daphnia similis species complex. We screened this species in 23 (out of 303) lakes across China, covering a large geographical and ecological range of habitats. High population clonal diversity of the D. similis species complex was found, regardless of their geographical origin. However, four Tibetan Daphnia sinensis populations showed substantially lower clonal diversity. Interestingly, D. sinensis populations from two regions, Eastern China and the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau of Western China, were found to be clearly differentiated from each other. Lakes inhabited by Western D. sinensis were of a lower trophic level, higher altitude, and more likely to freeze in the winter. This study contributes to an understanding of adaptation to their special environments by the freshwater invertebrates in the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau.
How the bending mechanics of setae modulate hydrodynamic sensing in copepods
Authors: Shen Xinhui , Marcos  , Fu Henry C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCopepods sense the hydrodynamic disturbances induced by swimming planktonic prey, potential mates, and predators through the bending of setae on their first antennae and other appendages. While the flows induced by these sources have been studied and are crucial for the mechanoreception of copepods, there is little knowledge on how these flows cause the deformation of the copepod's mechanoreceptional seta. In this article, we present a mechanical model to address how the mechanics of setal deformation by hydrodynamic signals determines the sensing capabilities of copepods. We represent a generic flow around a copepod as a combination of a uniform plus shear flow, and demonstrate that the detailed geometry of the first antenna has non‐negligible effects on the flow profile across the seta. We then proceed to evaluate the setal deformations induced by such a flow oscillating at frequencies relevant for copepod sensing, and find that lower frequency signals lead to larger setal bending and are more easily detected. We investigate the effects of setal length, signal amplitude, and signal frequency on setal bending. Finally, we investigate the response time of setal bending to hydrodynamic signals, and find short response time consistent with the rapid behavioral and neurological response of copepods.
Ureter Identification In an Inflammatory Pig Model Using a Novel Near‐Infrared Fluorescent Dye
Authors: Lau Lung Wai , Luciano Michael , Schnermann Martin , Cha Jaepyeong 
Published: October 2019

Background and ObjectivesUreters are at risk of injury in settings of inflammation and distorted anatomy. The use of a fluorescent dye can improve intraoperative ureteral identification without the need for any additional invasive procedures. Our team has previously described the development of a preclinical ureter‐specific dye, UL‐766, tested in a rat model. Here, we present the use of the fluorescent dye during laparoscopy to assist in ureteral identification in a swine model with an inflamed abdomen; the results of this study serve as proof of feasibility for use in the setting of tissue edema and erythema.Study Design/Materials and MethodsWith institutional approval, two 20–25 kg pigs underwent abdominal surgery with the use of a Food and Drug Administration‐approved fluorescence laparoscopic system. Using standard laparoscopy, inflammation was induced with sharp and blunt dissection and irritation was induced with gauze. The animals were allowed to recover and returned to the operating room after 7 days. Images of the inflamed right retroperitoneum, with fluorescence imaging, turned on, were taken before and after intravenous injection of the novel fluorescent dye at 120 μg/kg. The time until fluorescence visualization of the ureters was measured, and the fluorescent signal was measured for up to 4 hours from the time of the initial dye injection. Partial and complete transection of ureteral injuries was made by scissors and monitored under both standard video and fluorescence laparoscopy.ResultsInflammation reduced the certainty of ureter identification by white light alone. Despite surrounding tissue erythema and edema, ureteral visualization under fluorescence laparoscopy was achieved within 5–10 minutes after dye injection. The fluorescent signal remained visible for at least 4 hours after injection, and the fluorescent dye showed a partial ureteral injury that would not have been observed under standard laparoscopy.ConclusionsUL‐766 is a preclinical fluorescent dye useful for the intraoperative identification of the ureters and ureteral injuries in an inflamed abdomen. With the acquisition of additional preclinical data, this novel dye can be a valuable tool during laparoscopic abdominal and pelvic surgeries. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Unexpected phenotype in a frameshift mutation of PTCH1
Authors: Beltrami Benedetta , Prada Elisabetta , Tolva Gianluca , Scuvera Giulietta , Silipigni Rosamaria , Graziani Daniela , Bulfamante Gaetano , Gervasini Cristina , Marchisio Paola , Milani Donatella 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundGorlin syndrome, also known as basal cell nevus syndrome (BCNS), is a rare autosomal dominant genetic condition, characterized by the presence of multiple basal cell carcinomas at a young age, odontogenic keratocysts, skeletal anomalies, macrocephaly, and dysmorphisms. BCNS is mainly caused by mutations in PTCH1, an onco‐suppressor gene that maps at 9q22.3 region. A disease related to BCNS is the 9q22.3 microdeletion syndrome. This condition has an overlapping clinical phenotype with the BCNS, but it can present in addition: metopic craniosynostosis, overgrowth, obstructive hydrocephalus, developmental delay, intellectual disability, and seizures. This syndrome is caused by the deletion of a genomic region containing the PTCH1 and the FANCC.Methods and ResultsWe report the case of an 11‐year‐old girl that came to our attention for overgrowth, dysmorphic features of the face, and craniosynostosis, but with a normal intellectual and motor development. At first we performed an array‐comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) analysis. The analysis showed no copy number changes. Then, we performed the analysis of the PTCH1 by next‐generation sequencing. This analysis showed a heterozygous frameshift mutation.ConclusionThis is the first case with a PTCH1 point mutation with a 9q22.3 microdeletion syndrome phenotype. This finding may strengthen the importance of the role of the PTCH1, especially regarding the metopic craniosynostosis.
Exome sequencing study of partial agenesis of the corpus callosum in men with developmental delay, epilepsy, and microcephaly
Authors: Meloche Jolyane , Brunet Vanessa , Gagnon Pierre‐Alexandre , Lavoie Marie‐Ève , Bouchard Jean‐Benoît , Nadaf Javad , Majewski Jacek , Morin Charles , Laprise Catherine 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study reports the genetic features of four Caucasian males from the Saguenay‒Lac‐St‐Jean region affected by partial agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) with hypotonia, epilepsy, developmental delay, microcephaly, hypoplasia, and autistic behavior.MethodsWe performed whole exome sequencing (WES) to identify new genes involved in this pathological phenotype. The regions of interest were subsequently sequenced for family members.ResultsSingle‐nucleotide variations (SNVs) and insertions or deletions were detected in genes potentially implicated in brain defects observed in these patients. One patient did not have mutations in genes related to ACC, but carried a de novo pathogenic mutation in Mucolipin‐1 (MCOLN1) and was diagnosed with mucolipidosis type IV. Among the other probands, missense SNVs were observed in DCLK2 (Doublecortin Like Kinase 2), HERC2 (HECT And RLD Domain Containing E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase 2), and KCNH3 (Potassium channel, voltage‐gated, subfamily H, member 3). One patient also carried a non‐frameshift insertion in CACNA1A (Cav2.1(P/Q‐type) calcium channels).ConclusionAlthough no common genetic defect was observed in this study, we provide evidence for new avenues of investigation for ACC, such as molecular pathways involving HERC2, CACNA1A, KCNH3, and more importantly DCLK2. We also allowed to diagnose an individual with mucolipidosis type IV.
I never knew anyone who peed on themselves on purpose: Exploring adolescent and adult women's lay language and discourse about bladder health and function
Authors: Williams Beverly Rosa , Nodora Jesse , Newman Diane K. , Kane Low Lisa , James Aimee S. , Camenga Deepa R. , Hebert‐Beirne Jeni , Brady Sonya S. , Hardacker Cecilia T. , Smith Ariana L. , Cunningham Shayna D. , Burgio Kathryn L. , Prevention of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (PLUS) Research C  
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimsThis analysis explored and characterized adolescent and adult women's lay language and discourse related to bladder health/function.MethodsForty‐four focus groups were conducted across seven United States research centers with 360 adolescents and adult women, organized by six age categories. Multilevel content analyses classified emergent themes. A transdisciplinary lens and inductive approach guided data interpretation. Interpretive insights were validated by a community engagement panel.ResultsA repertoire of bladder function terms emerged, including explicit functional terms, formal and polite euphemistic terms, and informal familiar terms, as well as cultural and regional metaphors and idioms. Terminology usage was historically grounded, developmental, and cumulative across the life course. Lay discourse was contextual and affectively valent, suggesting unspoken, commonly understood, situation‐based “rules” for talking about bladder function. Discourse appeared to be siloed within family and friendship circles. Adolescents and adult women often described, rather than named, bladder sensations or problems. Terminology for bladder issues tended to minimize severity and frequency, with medical language only relevant to extreme examples and not applicable to mild episodes.ConclusionsA definitional discordance between medical and lay views of bladder problems was identified, signifying a need to clarify the meaning of medical terms for lay persons. Adolescents and adult women do not have or use standardized precise terminology for bladder health and function, relying instead on social convention and interpersonal context. Findings can be used to foster shared understandings between lay persons and health professionals, informing development of clinical, research, and public health initiatives to promote bladder health.
A modeling and computational study of the frustration index in signed networks
Authors: Aref Samin , Mason Andrew J. , Wilson Mark C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractComputing the frustration index of a signed graph is a key step toward solving problems in many fields including social networks, political science, physics, chemistry, and biology. The frustration index determines the distance of a network from a state of total structural balance. Although the definition of the frustration index goes back to the 1950s, its exact algorithmic computation, which is closely related to classic NP‐hard graph problems, has only become a focus in recent years. We develop three new binary linear programming models to compute the frustration index exactly and efficiently as the solution to a global optimization problem. Solving the models with prioritized branching and valid inequalities in Gurobi, we can compute the frustration index of real signed networks with over 15 000 edges in less than a minute on inexpensive hardware. We provide extensive performance analysis for both random and real signed networks and show that our models outperform all existing approaches by large factors. Based on resolution time, algorithm output, and effective branching factor we highlight the superiority of our models to both exact and heuristic methods in the literature.
Molecular mechanisms in chaperonopathies: clues to understanding the histopathological abnormalities and developing novel therapies
Authors: Macario Alberto JL , de Macario Everly Conway 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMolecular chaperones, many of which are heat shock proteins (Hsps), are components of the chaperoning system and when defective can cause disease, the chaperonopathies. Chaperone‐gene variants cause genetic chaperonopathies, whereas in the acquired chaperonopathies the genes are normal, but their protein products are not, due to aberrant post‐transcriptional mechanisms, e.g. post‐translational modifications (PTMs). Since the chaperoning system is widespread in the body, chaperonopathies affect various tissues and organs, making these diseases of interest to a wide range of medical specialties. Genetic chaperonopathies are uncommon but the acquired ones are frequent, encompassing various types of cancer, and inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. The clinical picture of chaperonopathies is known. Much less is known on the impact that pathogenic mutations and PTMs have on the properties and functions of chaperone molecules. Elucidation of these molecular alterations is necessary for understanding the mechanisms underpinning the tissue and organ abnormalities occurring in patients. To illustrate this issue, we discuss structural–functional alterations caused by mutation in the chaperones CCT5 and HSPA9, and PTM effects on Hsp60. The data provide insights into what may happen when CCT5 and HSPA9 malfunction in patients, e.g. accumulation of cytotoxic protein aggregates with tissue destruction; or for Hsp60 with aberrant PTM, degradation and/or secretion of the chaperonin with mitochondrial damage. These and other possibilities are now open for investigation. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Production of abrasive apricot kernel shell powder/boron nitride/polyester composites for cleaning of paint and corrosion on metal surfaces
Authors: Bahçe Erkan , Demirel Maruf H. , Köytepe Süleyman , Seçkin Turgay 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this study, the synthesis and characterization of abrasive polyester composite discs reinforced with apricot kernel shell (AKS) particles and hexagonal boron nitride (BN) were carried out as an alternative to the methods used to remove the surface corrosion from metallic surfaces. Polyester composites were obtained by unsaturated polyester resin as a matrix and AKSs (1%, 3%, 5% and 10% weight ratio) with 200 mesh and 1% BN as reinforcements. Kernel shells as a source of cellulose were used for increasing mechanical stability of abrasive composite discs. The structure and chemical properties of the obtained composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, X‐ray spectrophotometer and SEM analysis. Their thermal properties were determined by differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The synthesized polyester composites were molded into cylindrical discs and the corrosion and paint layer abrasive properties of these discs on different corroded metal surfaces were investigated. The hardness of the prepared abrasive polyester composites were also measured as mechanical properties. The hardness values of prepared abrasive discs were determined as 21.9, 22.1, 23.4, 24.5 and 25.9 ± 0.1 for pure PE, 1%, 3%, 5% and 10% composites, respectively. In addition, the cleaning ability of the abrasive composites on the metal surface was determined by measuring the surface roughness and the amount of peeling. As a result, it has been determined that the most suitable optimum conditions are achieved with a contribution of 10% AKS particles reinforced composite structure considering the features such as cleaned surface roughness, cleaning suitability and composite abrasion.
Preparation and properties of nano‐CaCO3/waste polyethylene/styrene‐butadiene‐styrene block polymer‐modified asphalt
Authors: Cheng Youliang , Han Hanzhi , Fang Changqing , Li Huan , Huang Zhigang , Su Jian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPolymer and nanomaterial modifiers can improve the performance of asphalt, and how to utilize the synergistic effect for modifying asphalt is still a problem. In this article, modified asphalt by waste polyethylene (WPE)/styrene‐butadiene‐styrene block polymer (SBS) in different proportions was prepared via a melting‐mixing method. Then, the WPE/SBS‐modified asphalt with an optimum modifier content was further modified by nano‐CaCO3into different shapes. The performances of modified asphalt were investigated by thermal gravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic shear rheological test (DSR), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the morphology was observed by fluorescence microscopy. The results showed that the penetration of modified asphalt increased and the ductility decreased with the increase of WPE content. In addition, the softening point increased with the increase of WPE/SBS content. For the modified asphalt with 4 wt% composite modifier (40 wt% WPE+60 wt% SBS), the ductility was improved after adding nano‐CaCO3whiskers. However, the ductility slightly decreased when the content of nano‐CaCO3particles increased, resulting in negative effects. The WPE content in WPE/SBS modifier was optimized to 40 wt%, and the performance of modified asphalt can satisfy the requests in practical applications, thus providing an economical access to reuse packaging waste.
Preparation and characterization of reinforced poly (ε‐caprolactone) nanocomposites by cellulose nanowhiskers
Authors: Jafari Hafez , Shahrousvand Mohsen , Kaffashi Babak 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn the present work, cellulose nanowhiskers (CNWs) were extracted from cellulose microfibers powder (CMP) and employed as reinforcement in poly‐(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL). The biocompatible and biodegradable PCL/CNW nanocomposites reinforced by CNWs in various weight percentages of 0, 0.1, 0.5, and 1 wt% were prepared via solvent casting. The morphology of cellulose microfibers and CNWs were evaluated via the optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The mechanical, thermal, and rheological properties of PCL/CNWs film nanocomposites were then investigated. The biodegradability and hydrophilicity of PCL/CNWs were improved by increasing the CNWs content. By adding higher loadings of CNWs, the nanocomposite samples showed higher tensile moduli because of the reinforcing effect of CNWs. The linear viscoelastic properties of PCL was not significantly changed with different loadings of CNWs.