bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of iPSC-derived human bone marrow organoid for autonomous hematopoiesis and patient-derived HSPC engraftment
Authors: Ren Kehan , Li Ermin , Aydemir Inci , Liu Yijie , Han Xu , Bi Honghao , Wang Pan , Tao Kara , Ji Amy , Chen Yi-Hua , Yang Jing , Sukhanova Madina , Ji Peng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Current efforts in translational studies in hematology often rely on immunodeficient mouse models for engrafting patient-derived hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), yet these models often face challenges in effectively engrafting cells from patients with various diseases, such as myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs). In this study, we developed an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)–derived human bone marrow organoid model that closely replicates the bone marrow microenvironment, facilitating the engraftment of HSPCs derived from patients with MDS, thereby mirroring the patients' distinct disease characteristics. Specifically, using advanced microscopy, we verified the development of a complex 3-dimensional network of endothelial, stromal, and hematopoietic cells within organoids, resembling the autonomous human marrow microenvironment. Furthermore, we showed that HSPCs derived from the donor bone marrow of normal individuals or patients with MDS can migrate to and proliferate within the organoid vascular niche while maintaining self-renewal and original genetic profiles. Within the organoids, the differentiation patterns of MDS HSPCs were significantly distinct from those of multilineage hematopoiesis in normal HSPCs, which can be correlated with the clinical manifestations of the disease. These findings underscore the significance of the organoid model in studying human hematopoiesis and the pathophysiology of hematologic diseases, thereby offering new avenues for personalized medicine and therapeutic interventions.
The Post-Stroke Checklist: longitudinal use in routine clinical practice during first year after stroke
Authors: Månsson Kristina , Söderholm Martin , Berhin Ida , Pessah-Rasmussen Hélène , Ullberg Teresa 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Few studies describe the use of the Post-Stroke Checklist (PSC) as a tool for longitudinal stroke follow-up in clinical practice. We mapped the prevalence of stroke-related health problems and targeted interventions at 3 and 12 months post-stroke by using the PSC.

Methods
Patients with acute stroke discharged home in 2018–2019 at Skåne University Hospital, Sweden, were invited to participate in a comprehensive nurse-led follow-up based on a 14-item PSC 3 and 12 months post-stroke. We measured time consumption, screened for stroke-related health problems, compared the findings, and recorded targeted healthcare interventions. Problems at 12 months were grouped into new, persistent, or none compared to the 3-month evaluation.

Results
Of 200 consecutively included patients, 146 (77%) completed both the 3- and 12-month follow-ups. At 12-month follow-up, 36% of patients reported no stroke-related health problems, 24% reported persistent problems, and 40% reported new problems since the 3-month evaluation. New problems at 12 months were most common within the domains: secondary prevention (23%) and life after stroke (10%). Stroke recurrence rate was 7.5%, 43% had high blood pressure, and few smokers had quit smoking. At 12 months, 53% received at least one new healthcare intervention, compared to 84% at 3 months.

Conclusions
Stroke-related health problems decreased beyond 3 months but were still present in two-thirds of patients at 1 year. This emphasizes the relevance of continuous structured follow-up using the PCS. However, the follow-up alone was insufficient to adequately achieve treatment targets for secondary prevention, which require intensified focus.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT04295226, (04/03/2020)
Interpretation of statistical findings in randomised trials: a survey of statisticians using thematic analysis of open-ended questions
Authors: Hemming Karla , Kudrna Laura , Watson Sam , Taljaard Monica , Greenfield Sheila , Goulao Beatriz , Lilford Richard 
Published: October 2024

Summary
Background
Dichotomisation of statistical significance, rather than interpretation of effect sizes supported by confidence intervals, is a long-standing problem.

Methods
We distributed an online survey to clinical trial statisticians across the UK, Australia and Canada asking about their experiences, perspectives and practices with respect to interpretation of statistical findings from randomised trials. We report a descriptive analysis of the closed-ended questions and a thematic analysis of the open-ended questions.

Results
We obtained 101 responses across a broad range of career stages (24% professors; 51% senior lecturers; 22% junior statisticians) and areas of work (28% early phase trials; 44% drug trials; 38% health service trials). The majority (93%) believed that statistical findings should be interpreted by considering (minimal) clinical importance of treatment effects, but many (61%) said quantifying clinically important effect sizes was difficult, and fewer (54%) followed this approach in practice.
Thematic analysis identified several barriers to forming a consensus on the statistical interpretation of the study findings, including: the dynamics within teams, lack of knowledge or difficulties in communicating that knowledge, as well as external pressures. External pressures included the pressure to publish definitive findings and statistical review which can sometimes be unhelpful but can at times be a saving grace. However, the concept of the minimally important difference was identified as a particularly poorly defined, even nebulous, construct which lies at the heart of much disagreement and confusion in the field.

Conclusion
The majority of participating statisticians believed that it is important to interpret statistical findings based on the clinically important effect size, but report this is difficult to operationalise. Reaching a consensus on the interpretation of a study is a social process involving disparate members of the research team along with editors and reviewers, as well as patients who likely have a role in the elicitation of minimally important differences.
Association between SMOFlipid and impaired brain development on term-equivalent age brain magnetic resonance imaging in very preterm infants
Authors: Al-Mouqdad Mountasser M. , Alshaikh Belal , Sumaily Haider H. , Alodhaidan Nabeel A. , AlMahmoud Latifah , Almotiri Ameen A. , Alkhourmi Mousa A. , Abounassif Mazen M. , Beh Ahmed F. , Alawad Mashael A. , Albraiki Amani A. , Alqarni Aziza A. , Al-Anazi Maha R. , Basodan Nadia A. , Assiri Fuddah M. , Asfour Suzan S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSoybean oil, medium-chain triglycerides, olive oil, and fish oil (SMOFlipid) is used without evidence of benefits. We investigated the relationship between lipid emulsions and brain injury in term-equivalent age magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 148 very preterm infants with a birth weight of < 1500 g at ≤ 32 gestational weeks in a neonatal intensive care unit. Infants who received soybean-based lipid emulsions between January 2015 and December 2018 were compared with those who received SMOFlipids between January 2019 and December 2022. A negative binomial generalized linear model was applied for bivariate analysis. Modified log-Poisson regression with generalized linear models and a robust variance estimator (Huber–White) were applied to adjust for potential confounders. The Kidokoro score was used to determine if lipid emulsion type would affect brain morphology and growth at term-equivalent age. Eighty-six (58.9%) received SMOFlipid. SMOFlipid was associated with lower focal signal abnormality, myelination delay, increased extracerebral space, and cerebellar volume reduction (P = 0.02, P = 0.007, P = 0.01, P = 0.02, respectively). SMOFlipidis are associated with brain insult, especially in white matter, cortical gray matter, and the cerebellum. Well-designed studies are needed to investigate the effect of lipid emulsions on the central nervous system.
Intersectionality of sex and race in COVID-19 mortality and vaccination inequities in Massachusetts
Authors: Boretsky Allison , Fisher Victoria , Abuelezam Nadia N. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Inequities in COVID-19 incidence, morbidity, and mortality between racial and ethnic groups in the United States (U.S.) have been documented since the start of the pandemic in early 2020. Similarly, disparities by sex for COVID-19 morbidity and mortality have emerged, with men dying at a higher rate than women. Little research has been done to understand how the intersection of sex and race impacts COVID-19 inequities in Massachusetts (MA). This cross-sectional study examined how COVID-19 mortality rates (February 2020- May 2023) and vaccination rates (December 2020-February 2023) varied by sex across racial groups in MA.

Methods
Using Massachusetts Department of Public Health data of all COVID-19 mortality cases and primary series vaccinations in MA from 2020 to 2023, we calculated both age-specific and age-adjusted COVID-19 mortality rates in order to account for differences in age distributions across sex-race groups.

Results
Overall, men across all age-race groups consistently had a higher mortality rate compared to their female counterparts. The age-standardized mortality rate difference between White men and White women is the smallest, with the rate for White men being 1.3 times higher than White women. The age-standardized mortality rate between Hispanic men and Hispanic women varies the largest, with the rate for Hispanic men being 1.7 times higher than Hispanic women. Notably, Black women and White women have similar vaccination rates, yet the age-standardized mortality rate for Black women is 1.4 times the rate of White women.

Conclusions
Our findings show that there are disparities at the intersection of sex and race for COVID-19 mortality and vaccination in MA. This highlights the importance for targeted COVID-19 interventions at the intersection of sex and race and the need for detailed COVID-19 reporting by sex within race groups.
Psychosocial factors mediate social inequalities in health-related quality of life among children and adolescents
Authors: Richard Viviane , Lorthe Elsa , Dumont Roxane , Loizeau Andrea , Baysson Hélène , Schrempft Stephanie , Zaballa María-Eugenia , Lamour Julien , Barbe Rémy P. , Posfay-Barbe Klara M. , Guessous Idris , Stringhini Silvia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
The present analysis aimed to assess the mediating role of psychosocial and behavioural factors in socio-economic inequalities in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among children and adolescents.

Methods
Cross-sectional data was drawn from the randomly selected SEROCoV-KIDS cohort study in Geneva, Switzerland. Associations of socio-economic conditions (parents’ highest education, household financial situation) with HRQoL, psychosocial (parent–child relationship, school difficulties, friends, extracurricular activities) and behavioural factors (screen time, physical activity, green spaces time, sleep duration), along with associations of psychosocial and behavioural factors with HRQoL, were evaluated with generalized estimating equations. Counterfactual mediation analyses were conducted to test pathways linking socio-economic conditions to HRQoL.

Results
Of 965 children and 816 adolescents, those with disadvantaged financial circumstances were more likely to have a poor HRQoL (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR]: 3.80; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.96–7.36 and aOR: 3.66; 95%CI: 2.06–6.52, respectively). Psychosocial characteristics mediated 25% (95%CI: 5–70%) and 40% (95%CI: 18–63%) of financial disparities in HRQoL among children and adolescents, respectively. Health behaviours were weakly patterned by socio-economic conditions and did not contribute to financial differences in HRQoL.

Conclusions
These findings provide empirical evidence for mechanisms explaining socio-economic disparities in child HRQoL and could inform interventions aimed to tackle health inequalities.
A UK national cross-sectional survey of stroke support groups: exploring the role of social identification and group processes in reducing loneliness
Authors: Hollands Laura , Calitri Raff , Haslam Catherine , Lamont Ruth A. , Mounce Luke , Tarrant Mark 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Loneliness is a common experience following stroke. Stroke support groups may protect against loneliness, but little is known about how these groups exert their influence. This research drew upon current theorising on the role of groups for health and explored i) social identification as a potential mechanism for overcoming loneliness, and ii) psychological group resources (support, control, self-esteem), and functional group processes (clear goals, group autonomy, member continuity) which might structure social identification.

Methods
Five hundred seventy-nine stroke survivors from 84 Stroke Association support groups across the UK completed a cross-sectional survey measuring: support group identification; psychological resources (given and received social support, control, self-esteem, identity centrality); functional processes (goal clarity, group autonomy, member continuity); and loneliness (3-item UCLA Loneliness Scale).

Results
Greater support group identification was associated with reduced loneliness (β = -0.45, p < 0.001). Given (β = 0.17, p = 0.001) and received (β = 0.10, p < 0.001) social support, goal clarity (β = 0.17, p = 0.002), and group member continuity (β = 0.19, p < 0.001) were all associated with greater support group identification.

Conclusions
Social identification with the group may be a mechanism by which stroke support groups alleviate loneliness, potentially through facilitating attendance, mutual social support and the development of collective goals. Further research should explore how these processes influence social identification in newly formed groups, where social identity has not yet been established.
A profile approach to physical activity levels: what’s intensity got to do with reasons and motives for exercise?
Authors: Kercher Vanessa M. Martinez , Burton Damon , Kercher Kyle A. , Heeter Kathleen N. , Brunnemer Julia , Watkins Janette M. , Pickett Andrew C. , Pickering Michael A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Despite the well-known benefits of physical activity (PA), non-communicable disease and premature mortality rates among adults continue to rise. The relationship between adults’ goals and exercise-specific motivation on the type of PA intensity one engages remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to identify physical activity (PA) profiles based on frequency and intensity (i.e., levels of PA) in an adult sample. A secondary purpose was to examine how the PA profiles differ on the reasons people have for exercising and behavioral regulation.

Methods
A Cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1,169 (46.8 ± 16.7 years) participants solicited from a hospital-affiliated wellness center, social media promotions, and a research volunteer registry. The International PA Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to determine frequency, intensity, and time spent engaging in PA. Additionally, the Reasons to Exercise (REX-2) scale, the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-3 (BREQ-3), and demographics were assessed. K-cluster analyses were performed to identify profiles based on PA levels using the IPAQ guidelines. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to assess profile differences.

Results
Five distinct PA clusters were derived, and defined as: a Low, Walking, Moderate Intensity, High Intensity, and Sitting cluster (p < .001). These clusters differed significantly (p < .001) from each other with respect to motivation, the reasons adults have for exercise, and PA levels.

Conclusion
The results from this study support the important role of psychological factors such as motivation and reasons for exercise on behavioral outcomes (i.e., physical activity). For future research investigating adults PA- related behaviors, whether it be on adults starting a new exercise program or for PA maintenance, it may be beneficial to develop programs that encourage participants to reflect on the reasons they identify as important for exercising, and how such reasons contribute to their overall PA engagement behaviors.
Clinical efficacy of intracavernous injection of platelet lysate for erectile dysfunction
Authors: Chang Yi-Kai , Chiang I-Ni , Chang Hong-Chiang , Chen Yi-Hui , Chueh Shih-Chieh Jeff 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Among the emerging treatments for erectile dysfunction (ED), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), known for its ability to enhance tissue repair and regeneration, stands out as a promising therapeutic approach. In this innovative study, we aimed to assess the efficacy of intracavernous injections of platelet lysate (PL), a derivative of PRP, in improving erectile function among ED patients.

Methods
We enrolled twenty-six patients, aged between 35 and 70 years (mean age 51.6 ± 11.3 years), who had been experiencing ED for over six months and had an International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) score of 21 or less. Participants received autologous PL injections intracavernously every two weeks for a total of five administrations. We assessed Erection Hardness Score (EHS) and International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) bi-weekly for 16 weeks and conducted penile Doppler ultrasounds pre- and post-treatment to record peak systolic velocity (PSV) and resistance index (RI).

Results
Before treatment, the mean EHS was 2.15 ± 0.88 and IIEF-5 was 10.92 ± 5.28. Remarkable improvements were observed post-treatment, with the EHS significantly increasing to 3.15 ± 0.83 (p < 0.05) and IIEF-5 to 17.23 ± 5.26 (p < 0.05). Penile Doppler ultrasound exhibited an increase in both PSV and RI post-treatment, with the rise in RI being statistically significant.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that intracavernous injections of PL substantially enhance erectile function, as evidenced by improvements in EHS, IIEF-5, and the RI of penile Doppler ultrasound, without hemorrhagic events or other adverse reactions apart from temporary pain at the injection site during the 16-week follow-up period. These encouraging results suggest that PL injections are a safe and effective treatment modality for patients with moderate ED, potentially providing a less invasive and more physiologically friendly alternative to current ED management strategies.

Trial registration
The study received approval from the Institutional Review Board of National Taiwan University Hospital (IRB Number 202008061RIPC, date of registration 08/28/2020).
The efficacy of infrared diode laser in enhancing the regenerative potential of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs)
Authors: El-Dahab Mohamed M. Abo , El Deen Ghada Nour , Shalash Mahmoud , Gheith Mostafa , Abbass Ahmed , Aly Riham M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of infrared diode laser irradiation on the proliferation and differentiation capacity of periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs), which are optimal cell sources for periodontal regeneration.

Methods
hPDLSCs were isolated and characterized by flow cytometric analysis of mesenchymal stem cell markers, and their trilineage differentiation capacity was tested. hPDLSCs were then cultured and irradiated with infrared diode laser (970 nm) at a power of 200 mW and a fluence of 4 J/cm2 for 3 s. MTT assay was performed to assess cellular proliferation. Cell cycle analysis was performed, and the impact of infrared diode laser irradiation on the stemness and osteogenic differentiation potential of hPDLSCs was evaluated via RT‒PCR.

Results
Infrared diode laser application enhanced the stemness, viability, proliferation, and differentiation of PDLSCs. Stem cell markers (OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG) were significantly upregulated in hPDLSCs exposed to laser irradiation. There was significant overexpression of RUNX2, ALP, OPN, and OCN on day 14 after laser application.

Conclusions
These findings provide valuable insights into the specific applications of infrared diode lasers to effectively regenerate periodontal tissues. The results can aid in the development of precise clinical protocols aimed at enhancing osseointegration and promoting tissue regeneration. Ultimately, the combination of infrared diode laser with hPDLSCs is promising for stimulating periodontal regeneration.
Identifying stakeholder preferences for communicating impact from medical research: a mixed methods study
Authors: Pitrolino Katherine , Samarasinghe Buddhini , Pringle Andy , Viney Ian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Documentation of research outcomes using impact case studies (ICS) is increasingly required to demonstrate the wider societal benefits of research. However, there is limited evidence of the best way to communicate research outcomes using ICS, especially when highlighting research impact that is not part of a research assessment programme. This study aims, for the first time, to analyse expectations, and methods of communicating impact from medical research across a varied set of stakeholders relevant to the Medical Research Council (MRC).

Methods
Impact narratives about outcomes and impact from MRC research were evaluated using an online survey and in depth semi-structured interviews. Participants were recruited from internal MRC databases and included early career and senior management academics as well as representatives from industry, healthcare, charities, and the government. Informed consent was gained prior to data collection and the study was approved by the university’s research ethics committee. Qualitative and quantitative analysis determined stakeholder preferences for ICS content, language and presentation as well as capturing themes and perspectives on the concept of research impact.

Results
193 participants responded to the online survey exploring definitions of impact and methods of communicating medical research outcomes. The work uncovered expectations of improved health and wellbeing as well as knowledge generation via publications and citations. In depth interviews with sixteen participants demonstrated preferences for clear, easy to read content that focused on facts and evidence and avoided both academic and hyperbolic language. Emergent themes from this work revealed that ICS need to quickly capture imagination and grab attention, while the views and expectations are quite different to press releases and are audience specific.

Conclusions
The content of ICS often focuses on non-academic impacts; however this work highlighted that evidence of academic impacts were outcomes highly valued by stakeholders relevant to the MRC. This work examined a new typology of ICS attributes, which emphasised that the language and presentation of impact narratives can influence the perception of research outcomes, providing useful information for individuals and organisations using ICS to showcase their research. It also shows that if ICS attempt to communicate challenges and issues around achieving impact from research, they may be more credible and useful to their intended audience.