bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proses Pemurnian Gas Bumi Sebagai Bahan Baku Kilang Mini
Authors: Mohammad Ismail  
Published: August 2019

Penggunaan gas bumi sebagai bahan bakar otomotif telah cukup banyak digunakan di negara maju. Di Indonesia, penggunaannya telah dikembangkan sejak tahun 1988 meski menghadapi banyak masalah dalam perkembangannya. Ada korelasi antara jarak dari kebutuhan LNGÂ liquefaction plantÂ dengan pengguna akhir. Ada beberapa teknologi yang ekonomis, sepertiÂ Mini Plant LNG, terutama dalam penyediaan gas ke daerah-daerah di mana distribusi gas dari kilang besar tidak terjangkau karena kurangnya infrastruktur .Dalam beberapa kasus Mini LNG juga dapat berfungsi untuk cadangan untuk perluasan saluran yang ada , bahkan bisa juga digunakan sebagai cadangan dalam sistem distribusi selama musim puncak. Di sini kita dapat melihat bahwa kilang LNG mini akan ekonomis untuk transportasi dengan jarak sekitar 500 km dan volume persediaan di bawah 2,5 MMscm/d atau 600-700 Kton/tahun.Â Mini Plant LNGÂ lebih tepat bagi negara- negara yang memiliki banyak sumber ladang gas marginal yang tersebar di beberapa lokasi geografis dengan kondisi yang lebih kompleks, sehingga untuk sistem jaringan pipa pengembangan investasi terlalu mahal, seperti kondisi pegunungan, rawa, hutan. Dalam hal ini LNG biasanya dikirim menggunakan tangki khusus melalui sungai atau darat. Kapasitas produksi jenis ini berkisar 10- 500 ton per hari. Kepadatan energi yang tinggi dari LNG juga merupakan salah satu alasan untuk memilih LNG.
Kunci kunciÂ : Kilang LNG mini, Gas Bumi, Ladang Gas Marginal
Abstract
The use of natural gas as an automotive fuel has been quite widely used in developed countries. In Indonesia, its use has been developed since 1988 despite facing many problems in its development. The existence of a correlation between the distance of the needs LNG liquefaction plant to the end user. There are several technologies that are economical, like a mini LNG plant, especially in the supply of gas to the areas where the distribution of gas from large refineries are not due to lack of infrastructure. In some cases LNG mini can also act to reserve for the expansion of existing channels, even can also be used as a backup in the distribution system during peak season. Here we can see that the mini LNG plant is economically more suitable for transport to a distance of about 500 km and volumes inventory under 2.5 MMscm/d or 600-700 K tons/year. Mini LNG plant is more appropriate for countries which have many sources of marginal gas fields spread over multiple geographical locations with more complex conditions , so for investment development pipeline network system is too expensive , such as the condition of the mountains, swamps, forests. In this case the LNG usually be sentÂ using a special tank through a river or by land. The production capacity of this type ranged from 10-500 tons per day . High energy density of LNG is also one of the reasons for selecting LNG

KeywordsÂ : Mini-LNG Plant, Natural Gas, Marginal Gas Fields
Analisa Gaya Penekanan pada Proses ECAP Batang Kuningan CuZn 70/30
Authors: Suryadi  , Amin Suhadi  , Dedi Priadi  , E. S. Siradj  
Published: August 2019

Telah dilakukan percobaanÂ severe plastic deformationÂ (SPD) dengan metodeequal channel angular pressingÂ (ECAP) pada batang kuningan CuZn 70/30 diameter 10 mm sampai 5 pas. Gaya penekanan meningkat secara signifikan pada awal langkah penekanan dan mencapai nilai maksimum lalu melandai. Pada pas pertama gaya penekanan mencapai 115 kN, pas kedua 130 kN, pas ketiga mecapai 150 kN dan pada pas keempat 165 kN. Dari pengukuran luas area di bawah kurva gaya penekanan diperoleh energi total pembentukan pada proses ECAP batang kuningan persatuan panjang adalah 95 Joule/mm pada pas pertama, sampai 130 Joule/mm pada pas ketiga, dan turun 125 Juole/mm pada pas keempat. Secara kumulatif total energi persatuan panjang meningkat secara linier sesuai dengan peningkatan jumpah pas, dimana pada pas keempat mencapai 597 MPa. Peningkatan gaya penekanan dan energi penekanan sebanding dengan terjadinya peningkatan kekerasan pada batang kuningan dan terjadinya penghalusan butir.
Kata kunci:Â ECAP, gaya penekanan, energi pembentukan, kekerasan, penghalusan butir, kuningan.
Abstract
Experiments of severe plastic deformation (SPD) have been carried out by the method of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) on brass rods CuZn 70/30 diameter 10 mm to 5 pas. Pressing force significantly is increased emphasis on early steps and reaches a maximum value and then ramp. At the first pas the pressing force reached 115 kN, the second pass 130 kN, the third pass 150 kN and fouth pass is 165. From measurements of the area under the curve of pressing force, the total forming energy per unit length generated to form the brass rod in ECAP is 95 Joule / mm at the first pass, 130 Joules / mm at third pass and down to 125 Joule/mm at fouth pass. Cumulatively, the total forming energy per unit length increases linearly according to the increase in number of ECAP pass, where the fourth pass reach 597 Joule/mm. Increased emphasis pressing load and forming energy is proportional to the increase in hardness of the brass rod and the grain refinement.
Keywords:Â ECAP, pressing load, forming energy, hardness, grain refinement, Brass
Penerapan Metode AHP dalam Proses Pemilihan Alat Angkut Berat pada Konstruksi Terowongan Layang Bawah Laut
Authors: Dwi Agus Purnomo  
Published: August 2019

MetodeÂ Analytic Hierarchy ProcessÂ (AHP) dikembangkan oleh Thomas L. Saaty pada tahun 1970an. Metode ini adalah merupakan sistem pembuat keputusan dengan menggunakan model matematis. Pemanfaatan dari metode AHP ini akan dapat membantu dalam menentukan prioritas dari beberapa kriteria dengan melakukan analisa perbandingan berpasangan dari masing-masing kriteria. Dalam sistem pengelolaan kinerja yang dimaksud dengan kriteria tersebut, yang selanjutnya disebut Kinerja Pengelolaan Indikator (KPI). Penerapan metodeÂ AHPdalam proses pemilihan alat angkut berat diaplikasikan pada proyek pembangunan terowongan layang bawah laut di Kepulauan Seribu dengan mengidentifikasi atribut kriteria dan alternatif untuk, menentukan besar prioritas atribut dan alternative. Proses analisis melalui pendekatan AHP dengan atribut kriteria- Level 1 dan alternatif-Level 2 terhadap tujuan-Level 0; maka dipilih jenis alat angkut berat sebagai alternatif dengan unsur kriteria tertentu.
Kata kunciÂ : AHP, Konstruksi Terowongan Layang Bawah Laut.
Abstract
Analytic Hierarchy Processherein after referred as AHP is a method that has developed by Thomas L. Saaty in year 1970. This method is likely a decision making system within using mathematic model. Utilization of AHP method that can help people to decide several criteria priority by pare analysis of each criteria. In managing system of performance mentioned with these criteria that can referred as Indicator Management Performance. Application of AHP method in processing of heavy equipment selection will be applied in submerged floating tunnel construction project at Kepulauan Seribu by identify criteria attribute and alternative to decide priority vector of these attribute and alternative. Analyzing process thorough AHP nearby within attribute criteria-Level1 and alternative criteria-Level2 face to objective criteria-Level 0, therefore it can be selected the heavy equipment as the alternative with the element criteria.
Key words : AHP, Submerged Floating Tunnel Construction.
To determine the frequency of operations in acute appendicitis after antibiotic therapy.
Authors: Bibi Sarwat , Misbah Junaid , Saqib Khurram 
Published: August 2019

A descriptive, cross sectional study conducted to evaluate the results of conservative management of acute appendicitis with antibiotic therapy. Study Design: Descriptive, cross sectional study. Setting: Surgical Unit of Aziz Fatima Trust Hospital. Period: 1st Jan 2017 to 31st December 2018. Materials and Methods: The objective of this study is to determine the frequency of operations in acute appendicitis being treated by antibiotic therapy. A total of 140 patients were included in this study. Study patients having a modified Alvarado score of 7-9 received intravenous antibiotics (ciprofloxacin 400mg twice and metronidazole 500 mg thrice) for at least 24 hours. Patients’ whose status were improved as monitored by an improved modified Alvarado score and a decreased serial C reactive Protein measurement on the following morning, were discharged to continue with oral antibiotics. In patients whose clinical condition had not improved, intravenous treatment was prolonged for 48 hours and in case of deterioration in clinical condition, they were subjected to appendicectomy. Results: Mean age of the patients was 25.41±7.28 years. Out of 140 patients, 51 (36.4%) were male while remaining 89 patients (63.6%) were female. Regarding Alvarado score, 53 patients (37.9%) had 7 score, 60 patients (42.9%) had 8 score and 27 patients (19.6%) had 9 score. Mean Alvarado score was observed 7.81±0.73. Operation was needed in 13 patients (9.3%). Conclusion: In conclusion, acute appendicitis can be treated successfully with antibiotics. However, there is a risk of recurrence in cases of acute appendicitis, and this risk should be compared with the risk of complications after appendectomy.
Influence of injection rate of hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.75% on spinal anaesthesia in elderly patients with lower limb orthopaedic surgeries. A randomized controlled trial.
Authors: Faridi (Retd) Manzoor Ahmed , Mahmood Shaheen , Rehman Muhammad Safi ur 
Published: August 2019

To determine the effect of speed of hyperbaric bupivacaine (0.75%) injection on clinical characteristics of spinal anaesthesia in elderly patients undergoing lower limb orthopaedic surgeries. Study Design: Prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Setting: This study was conducted in the operating theatre of Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi. Period: August 2018 - March 2019. Materials and Methods: 60 elderly patients undergoing lower limb orthopaedic surgery were randomized into two groups based on injection rate (fast and slow). 1.5 ml of 0.75% hyperbaric bupivacaine was injected over 5 seconds (fast group) and 50 seconds (slow group). Study was undertaken after taking permission from institutional ethical review committee. Level of sensory block, motor block, and systolic blood pressure were recorded at pre-specified intervals. Incidences of hypotensive episode, nausea, phenylephrine and antiemetic use were also documented. Results: Our study did not reveal any difference in maximum level of sensory block attained (fast = median T4, interquartile range [T4–T6] vs slow = T4 [T4–T6], P = 0.77). There was no difference in mean time (minutes) to reach T10 sensory level (fast = 2.5 ± 1.2 vs slow = 2.2 ± 0.8, P = 0.27); maximum sensory level (fast = 4.2 ± 1.5 vs slow = 3.8 ± 1.2, P = 0.26) and maximum motor block level (min) (fast = 5.9 ± 1.4 vs slow = 5.7 ± 1.2, P = 0.56). The rate of hypotension (fast = 8/30 vs slow = 4/30, P = 0.33), nausea (fast = 5/30 vs slow = 3/30, P = 0.99) and phenylephrine use (fast = 5/30 vs slow = 3/30, P = 0.71) and antiemetic requirement (fast = 1/30 vs slow = 2/30, P = 0.99) was also alike. Conclusion: There is no effect of injection speed of intrathecal (0.75%) bupivacaine on the clinical features of spinal anaesthesia in older patients undergoing lower limb orthopedic surgery.
Effects of posterior capsule stretch on adhesive capsulitis.
Authors: Maryam Madiha , Kashif Muhammad , Ghafoor Sajjad Abdul , Rizwan Razia , Ali Sehrish , Ahmad Rizwan 
Published: August 2019

To compare the effect of posterior capsular stretch on pain, ROM and functional disability in Adhesive Capsulitis. Study Design: Experimental, Randomized Control Trail. Setting: Department of Physiotherapy, Capital Development Authority Hospital Islamabad. Period: October 2015 to March 2016. Materials and Methods: Forty female patients having aged between 40 to 70 years with freezing and frozen stage of adhesive capsulitis were screened out. Adhesive capsulitis secondary to cervical Spondylosis, osteoporosis, direct trauma and any inflammation were excluded from the study. Subjects were randomly placed into two groups lottery method, the experimental group having 19 subjects received posterior capsular stretch along with conventional manual therapy and electrotherapy whereas the control group had 21 subjects and they were given manual therapy and electrotherapy alone. The Numeric Pain Rating Scale, Shoulder Pain and Disability Index, and Range of Motion of shoulder joint were used as outcome measures. All the patients were assessed at baseline before intervention and at the completion of 6 weeks of treatment. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: Abduction, Internal Rotation and disability show significant result. The abduction mean value of Group A was 115.00±22.023and of the Group B was 81.74±20.653 with p value was P<05. The internal rotation mean value of Group A was 70.71±12.776 and for the Group B was 60.32±8.699 and having p value P<05. The SPADI mean value of Group A was 51.76±22.043 and for the Group B was 24.24±7.287 having p value P<05. The NPRS and external rotation showed non-significant difference. Conclusion: It is concluded that posterior capsular stretch along with mobilization is more effective in treating ROM and functional disability.
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pengajuan Masalah Serta Penyelesaian Masalah Matematika Melalui Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah Pada Mahasiswa Jurusan Pendidikan Matematika STKIP “Tapanuli Selatan” Padang Sidempuan
Authors: Harahap Sinar Depi 
Published: August 2019

Learning mathematics should be able to improve the abilityand creativity in learning mathematics, especially in solving mathematical problems. To improve theability of anappropriate learning need sand learning mathematical problem submissionis in accordance with the needs of students in facilitating the completion of (solution) of the mathematical problem significantly. To obtain data submission capability math problem students, the research for mulated the problemas follows: (a) How does the ability filing math problems before and after the learning seen from the stage before and during problem solving?,(b) How is the level of complexity of the questions asked of students according to the structure of language and mathematical relationships?, (c) how associations filing capability math problems with the ability of the settlement (solving) the mathematical problem?.To answer this problem conducted experimental research on mathematics semester students majoringin STKIP "Tapanuli Selatan" Padangsidimpuan. Results showed that (a) the ability of the student submission mathematical problemsseen from the stage before and during the settlement of problems inproblem-based learningis quite good, as shown by the large percentage of math questions that can be solved either with new information and without any new information. (b) Differences filing capabilities grade math problems and problem-based learning class conventional learningis significant. (c) the ability filing math problems with the ability of the settlement (solving) the strong association of students of mathematics problems.
Building Students’ Writing Skill by Using Edmodo
Authors: Yulastri Desi 
Published: August 2019

Studying a writing subject for fresh year students of English Department in State Polytechnic in Padang is sometimes found very difficult for them. Many students have lack of motivation in this subject. Not only that, lack of grammar and vocabulary is the main barrier for the students in learning writing in English. Using Edmodo, as an online interactive social networking, in writing subject can be an effective way to build students’ writing skill. The positive progress in writing skill begins to appear after integrating Edmodo in writing 1 subject for half of a semester. Most of the students have a better understanding in forming their sentences, indicated in their comments posted in Edmodo. The using of capitalization and punctuation in their sentences has also improved better indicated by their weekly posts in Edmodo. The students also showed a positive attitude toward the writing subject. Their motivation to write and post their comment via Edmodo can be one of the keys for them to improve their writing skill.
The Consciousness of Learning Grammar Communicatively Through Role Play in EFL Classroom
Authors: Siska Siska 
Published: August 2019

Consciousness is a very important aspect in the teaching and learning of Grammar in EFL Classroom.It makes students become aware not only on the form or the language pattern, but also on the meaning and the way to use it. For this case, this research aims to describe the use of role play as a communicative task for encouraging students’ consciousness in learning grammar. The research was done in grammar class B of 2016-2017 that consisted 35 students as the participants of this research. The researcher did observation and interview to collect the relevant data to give the better supports in finding out what had been stated in the research’s purpose. The finding of this research showed that role play enabled the students to study grammar communicatively. In this case, the students became conscious to create many sentences based on the given topic and context and then use those sentences in their role-play. In other word, the students gained both grammar competence and communicative competence. Also, the researcher found that the students showed positive attitudes during the teaching and learning grammar process by using role play.
Establishing a base for understanding the threat of the brown marmorated stink bug to plants of value to Māori / E whakarite ana he tūāpapa e mārama ai i ngā kino o te ngārara pīhau parauri ki ngā tipu e whai hua ki te Māori
Authors: Teulon David A.J. , Puketapu Aleise , Ropata Hone T. , Bicknell Ross 
Published: August 2019

The brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB) Halyomorpha halys (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) is an invasive pest in North America and Europe that damages many plant species and invades human dwellings. It is regularly intercepted at Aotearoa/New Zealand’s borders but is not yet known to have established. Māori are partners in New Zealand’s biosecurity community and an understanding of the potential impact of any invasive alien species to their interests is essential. The known impacts of BMSB in published literature were reviewed with a focus on Māori plant taonga (valued or treasured plant species) in: (1) Māori commercial enterprises; (2) mara kai (food gardens); and (3) the natural estate. Many fruit and some vegetable species are likely to be affected by BMSB in commercial and non-commercial Māori horticulture but the impact of BMSB on indigenous/native and other taonga plant species in mara kai and the native estate is difficult to evaluate. BMSB poses a serious economic threat to some crop species of commercial value to Māori, as well as threat to some native taonga species. A kaupapa Māori approach examining unpublished mātauranga (knowledge) would considerably broaden this understanding. He ngārara raupatu kaha nei i te tini o ngā tipu, te urutomo noa i te hunga tangata te ngārara nei. Ka kaha haukotingia te ngārara nei e te mana ārai o Aotearoa heoi anō, kāore anō kia whakawhenua i a ia. E mahi tahi ana a Māori rāua ko te hapori marukoiora, anō hoki e mārama ana i te mōrearea o ngā tipu tauiwi - e whai pānga kia rātou. Te Tukanga. I arotake i ngā tuhinga e hāngai ana ki ngā kopuratanga e mōhio nei - e Māori ai te titiro o roto: (1) ngā pākihi Māori (2) ngā māra kai (3) te taiao anō hoki. Te Whakautu. He maha hoki ngā huawhenua me ngā huarākau ka pāngia e te BMSB o roto i ngā pākihi, i ngā ahuone Māori heoi anō, te taea te whakatau i ngā pānga o te BMSB ki te iwi taketake me ōna taonga o roto i ngā māra kai. Te Whakakapinga. Kei tino raru ētahi tipu e whai pānga ki te Māori, ngā tipu taketake anō hoki i te BMSB. Mā te tirohanga Māori e whakawhānui i ngā mōhiotanga.
Energy consumption model for the pipe threading process using 10 wt.-% Cu and 316L stainless steel powder-reinforced aluminum 6061 fittings
Authors: Öztürk Burak 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Fitting products of different dimensions and design geometries are used in natural gas pipelines, water supply systems, fire installations, machinery equipment and in the aviation and automotive industries. This study aims to investigate the machinability of Al 6061-T6 fittings, which are widely used in the aerospace and automotive industries. In an endeavor to produce reliable and healthy installation systems, Al 6061 material was reinforced with 10 % copper and 316L stainless steel powder in order to increase its corrosion resistance and improve its mechanical properties for sustainable production. These new materials were threaded using a ½ BSP (British Standard Pipe) tap tool via the Taguchi L9 method. Different materials, heat treatments and spindle speeds were used during this manufacturing process. The effects of these manufacturing parameters on the total power dissipated Ptotal were calculated using variance analysis (ANOVA). According to these results, the most effective parameter was the heat treatment type (44.9 %), followed by the material type (30.6 %) and the rpm (19.9 %). It was observed that these aluminum materials can be threaded using 30 to 40 % lower energy consumption compared to cast iron. In addition, the aluminum alloy fitting materials achieved higher hardness than the cast iron fittings.
Hoop tensile and compression behavior of glass-carbon intraply hybrid fiber reinforced filament wound composite pipes
Authors: Özbek Özkan , Bozkurt Ömer Yavuz 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The current study presents an experimental investigation aimed at exploring the effects of intraply fiber hybridization on the apparent hoop tensile and compression behavior of glass/carbon filament wound composite pipes by conducting split-disk and external parallel-plate loading tests, respectively. The efficiency of the hybridization process is also analyzed for a variation in fiber orientation by preparing composite pipes of different winding angles. The results show that a deterioration occurs in the apparent tensile strength of hybrid composites because of the weak interfacial adhesion between carbon and glass reinforcements. However, the compression behavior of glass fiber wound composite pipes, in terms of pipe stiffness and the stiffness factor, increases with the inclusion of carbon fiber. The increase in pipe stiffness and the stiffness factor are in the range of 10 and 20 %, respectively. Failure modes of the samples have also been discussed to understand fracture mechanisms. In conclusion, the intraply hybridization exercises significant influence, especially in the apparent hoop tensile characteristics of the pipes.
Determination of damage mechanisms and damage evolution in fiber metal laminates containing friction stir welded thin foils
Authors: Mercado Ulises Alfaro , Sket Federico , Wilde Fabian , Besel Michael , Requena Guillermo 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Synchrotron tomography was carried out during in-situ tensile tests of fiber metal laminates formed by 3 layers of friction stir welded AlMg4.5Sc0.2 (AA5024) alloy foils and 2 layers of glass fiber reinforced polymer. The aim of these investigations was to identify the damage mechanisms and their sequence during quasi-static loading conditions of the fiber metal laminate as well as to determine microstructural features responsible for tensile damage. The microstructural and geometric changes produced by the friction stir welding process on the aluminum foils resulted in a strain localization and further damage accumulation in the welded aluminum foils, where the smallest transverse areas and lowest tensile properties were found.