bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expectations of Racism and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in African American Women
Authors: Lewis Tené T. , Lampert Rachel , Charles Domonique , Katz Stuart 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT

Objective
Several researchers have argued that racism-related stressors play an important role in adverse cardiovascular outcomes among African American women. However, studies have primarily focused on experiences of racism; thus, the role of expectations of racism is insufficiently understood. The current proof-of-concept study was designed to examine associations among expectations of racism, self-reported experiences of racism, and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), a marker of cardiovascular risk, in African American women.

Methods
Participants were 52 healthy African American women, aged 30 to 50 years (M (SD) = 40.8 (4.3)). Expectations of racism were assessed with a modified version of the Race-Based Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire, experiences of racism were assessed with the Schedule of Racist Events, and carotid IMT was measured using B-mode ultrasound.

Results
In linear regression analyses adjusted for age, expectations of racism were associated with higher levels of carotid IMT (b = .04, SE = .014, p = .013), after adjusting for experiences of racism. Findings remained significant after additional adjustments for cardiovascular risk factors (b = .03, SE = .014, p = .032). Associations were not confounded by additional stressors, hostility, or negative affect (depressive symptoms).

Conclusions
Independent of actual reports of racism, “expectations” of racism may be associated with increased cardiovascular risk in African American women. In addition, although experiences of discrimination were associated with depressive symptoms, expectations of racism were not, suggesting that other negative emotions likely play a role. Future studies are needed to replicate these results in larger samples and to explore the psychological and physiological pathways through which expectations of racism might affect cardiovascular disease risk across a range of populations.
Prenatal Maternal Depression and Neonatal Immune Responses
Authors: Hahn Jill , Gold Diane R. , Coull Brent A. , McCormick Marie C. , Finn Patricia W. , Perkins David L. , Rich-Edwards Janet W. , Rifas Shiman Sheryl L. , Oken Emily , Kubzansky Laura D. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT

Objective
The aim of the study was to examine the association of lifetime maternal depression with regulation of immune responses in the infant, measured by cytokine levels and lymphocyte proliferation (LP) in cord blood mononuclear cells collected at delivery.

Methods
We studied women recruited in early pregnancy into the Project Viva longitudinal cohort who had cord blood assayed after delivery (N = 463). Women reported about depressive symptoms in midpregnancy (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) and depression history by questionnaire. Immune responses were assayed by an index of LP, and concentrations of five cytokines (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-10, IL-13, tumor necrosis tumor necrosis factor factor α, and interferon γ) after incubation of cord blood mononuclear cells either in medium alone or stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA), cockroach extract, or house dust mite extract. We examined associations of maternal depression with these sets of cytokine measures using multivariable linear or tobit regression analyses.

Results
After adjustment for confounders (mother's age, race/ethnicity, education, household income, season of birth, and child sex), levels of IL-10 after stimulation with cockroach or dust mite allergen were lower in cord blood from ever versus never depressed women, and a similar trend was evident in IL-10 stimulated with PHA (percentage difference: cockroach extract = −41.4, p = .027; house dust mite extract = 1–36.0, p = .071; PHA = −24.2, p = .333). No significant differences were seen in levels of other cytokines or LP.

Conclusions
Maternal depression is associated with offspring immune responses at birth, which may have implications for later life atopic risk or immune function.
Imaging of Usual and Unusual Complication of Rotator Cuff Repair
Authors: Albano Domenico , Chianca Vito , Zappia Marcello , Russo Raffaele , Romano Stefania , Sconfienza Luca Maria , Di Pietto Francesco 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Several complications may be encountered after rotator cuff (RC) repair. A thorough knowledge of surgical interventions, normal postoperative findings, and postoperative complications is crucial to provide a timely diagnosis, improving the clinical outcome of patients. Postoperative complications may involve RC, implanted device, osteochondral tissue, surgical-site infection, peripheral nerves, soft tissues, and vascular structures. In this review, we discuss the usual and unusual complications detectable after RC repair.
Volume Computed Tomography Perfusion Imaging: Evaluation of the Significance in Oncologic Follow-up of Metastasizing Renal Cell Carcinoma in the Early Period of Targeted Therapy — Preliminary Results
Authors: Vehabovic-Delic Aida , Balic Marija , Rossmann Christopher , Bauernhofer Thomas , Deutschmann Hannes A. , Schoellnast Helmut 
Published: February 2019

Introduction
The aim of this study was to assess the significance of volume computed tomography perfusion imaging of metastasizing renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) in the early period after the initiation of targeted therapy.

Methods
Blood flow (BF), blood volume, and clearance (CL) were calculated in 10 patients with histologically verified mRCC before and 1 month after initiation of targeted therapy using compartmental analysis algorithms. In addition, the longest diameter of tumor was measured for both time points and compared. Correlation test was performed between perfusion parameters and size changes with time to progression (TTP).

Results
Blood flow and CL were significantly lower after therapy initiation, whereas blood volume and the long diameter remained unchanged. Median values before and after 4 weeks of therapy were 144.2 versus 99.4 mL/min/100 mL for BF (P = 0.009) and 115.5 versus 46.8 mL/min/100 mL for CL (P = 0.007). Changes in BF and CL showed very strong negative correlation with TTP (r = −0.838, P = 0.009 and r = −0.826, P = 0.011, respectively).

Conclusions
Our preliminary study results indicate that volume computed tomography perfusion may assess targeted therapy response of mRCC earlier than the currently used Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. In addition, changes in BF and CL may be a promising parameter for prediction of TTP.
Bosniak IIF and III Renal Cysts: Can Apparent Diffusion Coefficient–Derived Texture Features Discriminate Between Malignant and Benign IIF and III Cysts?
Authors: Gillingham Nicolas , Chandarana Hersh , Kamath Amita , Shaish Hiram , Hindman Nicole 
Published: February 2019

Objective
The aim of this study was to determine which apparent diffusion coefficient–derived texture features are associated with malignancy in Bosniak IIF and III renal cystic lesions.

Methods
Twenty benign and 7 malignant Bosniak IIF (22) or III (5) renal cysts, as evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging, were assessed for progression to pathology-confirmed malignancy. Whole-cyst volumes of interest were manually segmented from apparent diffusion coefficient maps. Texture features were extracted from each volume of interest, including first-order histogram-based features and higher-order features, and data were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney U test to predict malignant progression.

Results
Eleven of 17 first-order features were significantly greater in benign compared with malignant cysts. Eight higher-order gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) texture features were significantly different between groups, 5 of which were greater in the benign population.

Conclusions
Apparent diffusion coefficient–derived texture measures may help differentiate between benign and malignant Bosniak IIF and III cysts.
Hsp70 Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated With Disease Susceptibility and HRQOL Improvement in Chinese Han Population With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Xie Qiao-Mei , Lou Qiu-Yue , Huang Shun-Wei , Hu Hua-Qing , Li Su-Su , Zhang Man , Sun Xiu-Xiu , Xu Jian-Hua , Jiang Shan-Qun , Liu Sheng-Xiu , Xu Sheng-Qian , Cai Jing , Liu Shuang , Pan Fa-Ming , Tao Jin-Hui , Qian Long , Wang Chun-Huai , Liang Chun-Mei , Huang Hai-Liang , Pan Hai-Feng , Su Hong , Zou Yan-Feng 
Published: February 2019

ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to investigate whether heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) gene polymorphisms are implicated in systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) susceptibility, the efficacy of glucocorticoids (GCs) treatment, and improvement of health-related quality of life.MethodsA total of 499 SLE patients and 499 controls were included in a case-control study, and 468 SLE patients treated with GCs for 12 weeks were involved in a follow-up study. Patients who completed the 12-week follow-up were divided into GCs-sensitive and GCs-insensitive group by using the SLE disease activity index. The SF-36 was used to evaluate the health-related quality of life of SLE patients, and genotyping was performed by improved multiplex ligation detection reaction.Resultsrs2075800 was associated with SLE susceptibility (adjusted odds ratio [ORadj], 1.437; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.113–1.855;Padj= 0.005;PBH= 0.020 by dominant model; ORadj, 1.602; 95% CI, 1.072–2.395;Padj= 0.022;PBH= 0.029 by TT vs CC model; ORadj= 1.396; 95% CI = 1.067–1.826;Padj= 0.015;PBH= 0.029 by TC vs CC model). In the follow-up study, rs2075799 was associated with the improvement in mental health (p= 0.004,PBH= 0.044), but we failed to find any association between the efficacy of GCs and Hsp70 gene polymorphisms.ConclusionsHsp70 gene polymorphisms may be associated with susceptibility to SLE and improvement of mental health in Chinese Han population.
Renal Sympathetic Denervation
Authors: Schmidt Martin , Roessner Florian , Berger Manuel , Tesche Christian , Rieber Johannes , Bauner Kerstin , Huber Armin , Rummeny Ernst , Hoffmann Ellen , Ebersberger Ullrich 
Published: February 2019

Objectives:
Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy in resistant hypertensive patients is associated with a reduced intramyocardial perfusion. Renal sympathetic denervation (RDN) has been shown to reduce blood pressure (BP) and sympathetic tone. We aimed to prospectively investigate the effect of RDN on functional myocardial parameters and myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR) using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) in patients with resistant hypertension.

Methods:
A total of 15 resistant hypertensive patients (11 male individuals, mean age 62±13 y) were included. Adenosine stress-induced cMRI was performed at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months after RDN. RDN was performed using a single soft-tip radiofrequency catheter (Symplicity). cMRI semiquantitative perfusion analysis was performed using the upslope of myocardial signal enhancement to derive the myocardial perfusion reserve index.

Results:
Both systolic-BP and diastolic-BP significantly decreased from 148±14 to 133±14 mm Hg and 87±14 to 80±10 mm Hg, respectively (P<0.05). LV septal wall thickness was significantly reduced (P<0.001). LV ejection fraction and MPR lacked significant trends 12 months after RDN.

Conclusions:
In this pilot study, RDN significantly reduced LV mass and LV septal wall thickness, as diagnosed by cMRI, with no significant changes in MPR. cMRI may help in diagnosing clinically relevant changes of functional myocardial parameters after interventional therapy in resistant hypertensive patients.
Comparisons of Stress Physiology of Providers in Real-Life Resuscitations and Virtual Reality–Simulated Resuscitations
Authors: Chang Todd P. , Beshay Youssef , Hollinger Trevor , Sherman Joshua M. 
Published: February 2019

Background
Virtual reality (VR) is a promising simulation medium for high-stakes, low-frequency events such as pediatric resuscitation. The psychological fidelity of VR compared with a real resuscitation in an emergency department (ED) is relatively unknown. The objective was to determine whether stress physiology changes were equivalent between ED and VR resuscitations.

Methods
This was a single-site pilot equivalence study evaluating head-mounted VR resuscitation scenarios using board-certified/eligible pediatric ED physicians. Subjects had heart rates (HRs) and salivary cortisol levels recorded throughout 8-hour evening ED shifts and during one 1-hour VR session. Additional samples and subjective workload perception (NASA Task Load Index) were collected for critical resuscitations. A delta HR and delta cortisol level described the difference in mean HR and mean cortisol level between shifts with and shifts without resuscitations. Another delta calculation was performed from pre-VR to post-VR. Nonparametric univariate statistics was examined for significant differences in delta HR or cortisol levels between the ED setting and VR.

Results
Sixteen subjects had 69 shifts monitored with 31 resuscitations. In the ED, delta HR was +13.9 bpm (P < 0.001) and delta cortisol was +0.10 μg/dL (P = 0.006). In VR, delta HR was +6.5 bpm (P < 0.001) but minimal delta cortisol (−0.02 μg/dL, P = 0.05). Emergency department resuscitations both HR and cortisol levels were more than VR resuscitations (P < 0.03). NASA Task Load Index scores were higher in VR resuscitations with +26 score difference (P = 0.01).

Conclusions
Virtual reality resuscitations increase HR but show less stress physiology changes than ED resuscitations within an actual 8-hour shift. Further inquiry into stress physiology and optimal VR simulation is warranted.
Not all deep vein thrombosis is created equal: Incidence of preexisting chronic deep vein thrombosis among high-risk traumatized patients
Authors: Tefft Amy , Moss Tovah , Stanley Andrew , Malhotra Ajai K. 
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUND
Traumatized patients are at risk of developing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and DVT prophylaxis is the standard of care. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services classifies DVT as a hospital-acquired condition and can deny payment for treatment of DVT and, in addition, place financial penalties on hospitals with higher than acceptable rates of DVT, unless the DVT was preexisting. We sought to determine the rate of preexisting chronic DVT among symptomatic traumatized inpatients at our ACS-verified Level 1 trauma center.

METHODS
Retrospective review of all traumatized patients admitted for >48 hours over a 7-year study period ending December 2016. Patients who had undergone lower extremity duplex ultrasound (LEDUS) were reviewed further to evaluate the results of these tests. Patients were classified as having either no DVT, acute DVT, or chronic (preexisting) DVT based on sonographic characteristics. Incidence, patient demographics, injury severity and outcomes were compared for patients with and without DVT and also for patients with acute and chronic DVT.

RESULTS
Five thousand five hundred forty-three patients met inclusion criteria. Of those, 391 (7.0%) had undergone at least one LEDUS for suspicion of DVT. Deep vein thrombosis was diagnosed in 64 (16%) of the patients undergoing LEDUS and thus 1.1% of the entire population had symptomatic DVT diagnosed during admission. Of the 64 patients with DVT, sonographic characteristics classified 56 (87.5%) as “acute.” 6 (9%) as “chronic” (preexisting) and 2 (3.5%) as “indeterminate.” Among the six patients found to have a preexisting DVT only three (50%) acknowledged a history of DVT.

CONCLUSION
In the absence of routine DVT surveillance almost 10% of traumatized patients diagnosed with DVT likely have chronic preexisting DVT that is unknown to the patient in 50% of cases. This has significant financial implications for hospitals.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Epidemiologic/Prognostic, level III.
Molecular Patterns Discriminate Accommodation and Subclinical Antibody-mediated Rejection in Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Hruba Petra , Krejcik Zdenek , Stranecky Viktor , Maluskova Jana , Slatinska Janka , Gueler Faikah , Gwinner Wilfried , Bräsen Jan Hinrich , Wohlfahrtova Mariana , Parikova Alena , Osickova Klara , Fronek Jiri , Seda Ondrej , Prefertusova Lucie , Honsova Eva , Viklicky Ondrej 
Published: February 2019

Background.
Accommodation in ABO-incompatible (ABOi) transplantation and subclinical antibody-mediated rejection in HLA-incompatible (HLAi) transplantation share several morphological similarities. Because the clinical long-term outcomes differ, we hypothesized different molecular processes involved in ABOi transplantation and subclinical antibody-mediated rejection.

Methods.
Using Illumina Human HT-12 v4 Expression BeadChips, the whole transcriptome was evaluated based on 3-month protocol C4d+ biopsies in otherwise stable ABOi and HLAi kidney grafts, as well as in C4d-negative HLA-compatible grafts exhibiting normal histological findings. Top differently regulated genes were further validated using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in another patient cohort and complement regulatory proteins by immunohistochemistry.

Results.
In the case of genes involved in immune response–related biological processes, ABOi and HLAi cohorts had similar transcriptomic profiles to C4d-negative controls. The majority of deregulated genes in the ABOi and HLAi groups consisted of metallothioneins and epithelial transporter genes. Increased expression of epithelial transporters (SLC4A1, SLC4A9, SLC17A3, SLC12A3, and SLC30A2) and class 1 metallothioneins (MT1F, MT1G, and MT1X) in HLAi transplantation was validated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In comparison to controls, both incompatible cohorts were characterized by the upregulation of intrarenal complement regulatory genes. CD46 and CD59 transcripts were increased in the ABOi cohort, whereas CD46 solely in HLAi group, and CD59 protein expression was similar in both incompatible groups.

Conclusions.
Several epithelial transporters and metallothioneins discriminate subclinical antibody-mediated rejection in HLAi transplantation from accommodation in ABOi transplantation, which suggest different involved downstream mechanisms and increased risk of injury in HLAi settings. Metallothioneins with their antioxidative properties may help to attenuate the inflammation response induced by donor-specific anti-HLA antibody binding.
Patterns and Predictors of Mortality After Waitlist Dropout of Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma Awaiting Liver Transplantation
Authors: Gorgen Andre , Rosales Roizar , Sadler Erin , Beecroft Robert , Knox Jennifer , Dawson Laura A. , Ghanekar Anand , Grant David , Greig Paul D. , Sapisochin Gonzalo 
Published: February 2019

Background.
There is a lack of information about survival after dropout from the liver transplant waiting list. Therefore, we aimed to assess the overall survival, and risk factors for death, after waiting list dropout due to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression.

Methods.
We assessed patients who dropped out of the liver transplant waiting list between 2000 and 2016 in a single, large academic North American center. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the types of HCC progression: locally advanced disease (LAD), extrahepatic disease (EHD), and macrovascular invasion (MVI). The primary outcome was overall survival. Survival was assessed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Predictors of death after dropout were assessed by multivariable Cox regression.

Results.
During the study period, 172 patients dropped out due to HCC progression. Of those, 37 (21.5%), 74 (43%), and 61 (35.5%) dropped out due to LAD, EHD, and MVI, respectively. Median survival according to cause of dropout (LAD, EHD, or MVI) was 1.0, 4.4, or 3.3 months, respectively (P = 0.01). Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) score (hazard ratio [HR], 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.08), alcoholic liver disease (HR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.02-2.71), and α-fetoprotein >1000 ng/mL (HR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.22-2.84) were predictors of mortality after dropout. Dropout due to EHD (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.38-0.98) and undergoing treatment after dropout were protective factors (HR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.21-0.48) for death.

Conclusions.
Patient prognosis after dropout is dismal. However, a subgroup of patients may have longer survival. The present study identifies the patterns of waitlist dropout in patients with HCC and provides evidence for the effectiveness of treatment strategies offered to HCC patients after dropout.
Cyclosporine A as a Cardioprotective Agent During Donor Heart Retrieval, Storage, or Transportation: Benefits and Limitations
Authors: Gao Ling , Hicks Mark , Villanueva Jeanette E. , Doyle Aoife , Chew Hong C. , Qui Min Ru , Jabbour Andrew , Dhital Kumud K. , Macdonald Peter S. 
Published: February 2019

Background.
Storage of donor hearts in cardioplegic solutions supplemented with conditioning agents activating endogenous mitochondrial protective signaling enhanced their postreperfusion recovery. The present study investigates the role of timing and duration of cardiac exposure to cyclosporine A (CsA), another putative mitochondrial protectant, on cardiac functional recovery and potential mechanisms of CsA action in an isolated working rat heart model of donor heart retrieval and storage.

Methods.
After measurement of baseline function, hearts were arrested and stored for 6 hours at 4°C in either Celsior alone or Celsior + CsA (0.2 µM), then reperfused for 45 minutes in Krebs solution, when functional recovery was assessed. Two additional groups of Celsior-alone stored hearts were exposed to 0.2 µM CsA for the initial 15 minutes (nonworking period) or the full 45-minute period of reperfusion. Coronary effluent was collected pre- and poststorage for assessment of lactate dehydrogenase release. Tissue samples were collected at the end of each study for immunoblotting and histological studies.

Results.
CsA supplementation during cold storage or the first 15-minute reperfusion significantly improved functional recovery and significantly increased phospho-AMPKαThr172 and phospho-ULK-1Ser757. Hearts exposed to CsA for 45 minutes at reperfusion recovered poorly with no phospho–AMP-activated protein kinase α activation, decreased phospho-eNOSSer633, and decreased mitochondrial cytochrome c content with increased lactate dehydrogenase release.

Conclusions.
Inclusion of CsA during cold storage is cardioprotective. Effects of CsA addition to the perfusate during reperfusion were time dependent, with benefits at 15 minutes but not 45 minutes of reperfusion. The toxic effect with the presence of CsA for the full 45-minute reperfusion is associated with impaired mitochondrial integrity and decreased eNOS phosphorylation.