bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early life history traits of the blenny Auchenionchus crinitus (Teleostei: Labrisomidae) off northern Chile
Authors: Landaeta Mauricio F. , Nowajewski Valentina , Paredes Lissette D. , Bustos Claudia A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe early life history traits of the labrisomid blenny Auchenionchus crinitus (Jenyns, 1842) from subtidal rocky reefs were studied, based on microstructure analysis of sagittae of their pelagic larvae (4.01 mm NL −12.50 mm SL). Ichthyoplankton was collected in shallow (<20 m) nearshore waters off Isla Santa María, Antofagasta, northern Chile every 15 days during austral autumn–winter 2014 (five sampling days). During late May and early June, larval abundance was low (median ± MAD, 39.06 ± 5.08 ind. 100 m−3), increasing significantly during mid-June to early August (110.98 ± 47.66 ind. 100 m−3). Using 354 sagittae, the back-calculated hatch dates indicated the occurrence of three hatching events, two in autumn and one in winter. Hatching occurred mainly during the illuminated phases of the lunar cycle. All three batches had similar estimated larval sizes at hatch (3.2–3.7 mm SL), as well as similar growth rates (0.19–0.22 mm day−1) during the first 30 days of life. During the study period, shallow waters were well mixed, with seawater temperature of 14.73 ± 0.58°C and salinity of 34.84 ± 0.04. This is the first estimation of early life history traits of this cryptobenthic species from rocky reefs of Chile.
Improved RBF network torque control in flexible manipulator actuated by PMAs
Authors: Liu Kai , Wu Yang , Zhu Tianming , Chen Yining , Lu Yonghua , Zhao Dongbiao 
Published: September 2018

SUMMARYA Pneumatic Muscle Actuator (PMA) is a new pneumatic component sharing similar characteristics with biological muscles, and the flexible manipulator actuated by PMAs can better reflect the flexibility of the mechanism. First and foremost, based on the study of the characteristics of human shoulder joints, the configuration design of the flexible manipulator is analyzed, and its kinematics and dynamics models are established. Furthermore, with regard to the nonlinearity, time-invariance and uncertainty of the control system, three aspects of improvement are proposed, which are based on the Radial Basis Function (RBF) network torque control algorithm. The Genetic Algorithm is used to optimize the initial values of RBF network parameters; RBF network parameters are adjusted dynamically by using the additional momentum method; the Levenberg--Marquardt (LM) algorithm, instead of the gradient descent method, is adopted to adjust Proportion Integration Differentiation (PID) parameters online in real time. At last, to test the effects that the improved algorithm exerts on the flexible manipulator control system, some physical platform experiments are carried out. It turns out that the control accuracy and robustness of the improved algorithm are well improved, and the mechanism can be controlled better to track the circular arc trajectory. It lays fundamental importance to the practical application for the working environment.
Laboratory capacity of Greek hospitals for diagnosis of salmonellosis and surveillance systems’ performance in the years of economic crisis, 2010–2016
Authors: Mellou K. , Saranti-Papasaranti E. , Mandilara G. , Georgakopoulou T. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAusterity might have affected the capacity of public hospitals in Greece to diagnose salmonellosis (laboratory capacity) over the period 2010–2016, as well as the performance of the existing surveillance systems. The scope of this paper is to present data on laboratory capacity over these years, as well as the results of a two-source capture-recapture study (data from Mandatory Notification System and National Reference Laboratory System for Salmonella). The main findings were that: (a) laboratory capacity was high and steady besides the financial crisis, (b) the estimated number of laboratory-confirmed cases (n = 6017, 95% CI 5892–6142) resulted in an incidence rate (7.9 cases/100 000 population) almost twice than that reported by the two systems Mandatory Notification System (MNS); 4.1 and National Reference Laboratory System (NRLS); 4.5 cases/100 000 population, (c) underreporting was high for both systems (MNS; 47.5% and NRLS; 42.8%) and (d) differences by geographical region, size and type of hospital were identified. We suggest that (a) specific interventions are needed to increase completeness of the systems by type of hospital and geographical region, (b) record linkage can help in estimating the disease burden in a more valid way than each system separately and (c) a common electronic database in order to feed one system to the other could significantly increase completeness of both systems.
A novel perimeter-based index for evaluating the similarity of structure contours
Authors: Wong King Hang Wicger , Leung Lucullus HT , Kwong Dora LW 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe authors proposed a novel perimeter-based index (PBI) that was capable of evaluating the accuracy in the appraisal of auto-segmentation software. A quantitative value, that is time saved in editing the auto-segmented contours, was used to compare the effectiveness of two other commonly used indices in this study.MethodsThe relationship between the proposed index and the amount of the contouring time that could be saved was studied. The performances of two other commonly used similarity indices, namely Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and the modified normalised average Hausdorff distance (MNAHD), were also evaluated. Ten nasopharyngeal cases and ten prostate cases that were previously treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy technique were recruited as the validation cases in this study. Three observers were invited to contour four structures (bladder, rectum, brain stem and parotid gland) on computed tomography images of the validation cases without any aids. The time taken for contouring was recorded as the manual contouring time. By using an atlas-based auto-segmentation software, three sets of contours were generated for each validation case with different library sizes to produce different degrees of similarity level. The values of the three similarity indices of the auto-segmented contours were calculated. The observers were asked to edit the auto-segmented contours and the editing time was recorded.The correlation between the editing time and the similarity indices was studied. The amount of time saved was calculated by subtracting the editing time from the manual contouring time. The performances of PBI, DSC and MNAHD were evaluated using Pearson correlation coefficient and receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis.ResultsThe PBI showed a positive linear relationship with the amount of contouring time saved. Pearson correlation coefficient ranged from 0·73 to 0·86 for the four structures. The PBI had a stronger correlation than the DSC in bladder and parotid gland, while there was no significant difference between the two indices in rectum and brain stem. The MNAHD had an inferior correlation than the proposed index. For the ROC analysis, the cut-off values for the PBI were 0·549, 0·401 and 0·301 for the three levels of contouring time saved, namely 50, 25 and 0%, respectively. The accuracy of PBI was over 77% and the Youden index was >0·6 for all three levels.ConclusionsThe proposed index showed a stronger relationship to the amount of contouring time saved. It was a simple tool that could be used to evaluate the performance of different segmentation algorithms.
Comparing the Performance of Agree/Disagree and Item-Specific	Questions Across PCs and Smartphones
Authors: Höhne Jan Karem , Revilla Melanie , Lenzner Timo 
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The use of agree/disagree (A/D) questions is a common technique to measure attitudes. For instance, this question format is employed frequently in the Eurobarometer and International Social Survey Programme (ISSP). Theoretical considerations, however, suggest that A/D questions require a complex processing. Therefore, many survey researchers have recommended the use of item-specific (IS) questions, since they seem to be less burdensome. Parallel to this methodological discussion is the discussion around the use of mobile devices for responding to surveys. However, until now, evidence has been lacking as to whether the use of mobile devices for survey response affects the performance of established question formats. In this study, implemented in the Netquest panel in Spain (N = 1,476), we investigated the cognitive effort and response quality associated with A/D and IS questions across PCs and smartphones. For this purpose, we applied a split-ballot design defined by device type and question format. Our analyses revealed longer response times for IS questions than A/D questions, irrespective of the device type and scale length. Also, the IS questions produced better response quality than their A/D counterparts. All in all, the findings indicate a more conscientious response to IS questions compared to A/D questions.
Statistical Correlation Analysis of Field‐Aligned Currents Measured by Swarm
Authors: Yang J. ‐Y. , Dunlop M. W. , Lühr H. , Xiong C. , Yang Y.‐Y. , Cao J. ‐B. , Wild J. A. , Li L.‐Y. , Ma Y.‐D. , Liu W.‐L. , Fu H.‐S. , Lu H.‐Y. , Waters C. , Ritter P. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe investigate the statistical, dual‐spacecraft correlations of field‐aligned current (FAC) signatures between two Swarm spacecraft. For the first time, we infer the orientations of the current sheets of FACs by directly using the maximum correlations obtained from sliding data segments. The current sheet orientations are shown to broadly follow the mean shape of the auroral boundary for the lower latitudes and that these are most well ordered on the dusk side. Orientations at higher latitudes are less well ordered. In addition, the maximum correlation coefficients are explored as a function of magnetic local time and in terms of either the time shift (δt) or the shift in longitude (δlon) between Swarms A and C for various filtering levels and choice of auroral region. We find that the low‐latitude FACs show the strongest correlations for a broad range of magnetic local time centered on dawn and dusk, with a higher correlation coefficient on the dusk side and lower correlations near noon and midnight. The positions of maximum correlation are sensitive to the level of low‐pass filter applied to the data, implying temporal influence in the data. This study clearly reflects the two different domains of FACs: small‐scale (some tens of kilometers), which are time variable, and large‐scale (>50 km), which are rather stationary. The methodology is deliberately chosen to highlight the locations of small‐scale influences that are generally variable in both time and space. We may fortuitously find a potential new way to recognize bursts of irregular pulsations (Pi1B) using low‐Earth orbit satellites.
Comparison of the Thermospheric Nitric Oxide Emission Observations and the GITM Simulations: Sensitivity to Solar and Geomagnetic Activities
Authors: Lin Cissi Y. , Deng Yue , Venkataramani Karthik , Yonker Justin , Bailey Scott M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAn accurate estimate of the energy budget (heating and cooling) of the ionosphere and thermosphere, especially during space weather events, has been a challenge. The abundance of nitric oxide (NO), a minor species in the thermosphere, is an important component of energy balance here because its production comes from energy sources able to break the strong bond of molecular nitrogen, and infrared emissions from NO play an important role in thermospheric cooling. Recent studies have significantly improved our understanding of NO chemistry and its relationship to energy deposition in the thermospheric photochemical reactions. In this study, the chemical scheme in the Global Ionosphere‐Thermosphere Model (GITM) is updated to better predict the lower thermospheric NO responses to solar and geomagnetic activity. We investigate the sensitivity of the 5.3‐μm NO emission to F10.7 and Ap indices by comparing the global integrated emission from GITM with an empirical proxy derived from the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry measurements. GITM's total emission agrees well within ±20% of the empirical values. The updated chemistry scheme significantly elevates the level of integrated emission compared to the previous scheme. The inclusion of N2(A)‐related production of NO contributes an additional 5–25% to the emission. Localized enhancement of ~70% in column density and a factor of 3 in column emission are simulated at a moderate geomagnetic level.
Nonlobe Reconnection at the Earth's Magnetopause for Northward IMF
Authors: Fuselier S. A. , Trattner K. J. , Petrinec S. M. , Lavraud B. , Mukherjee J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractUnder northward interplanetary magnetic field conditions, magnetic reconnection at the Earth's magnetopause is usually thought to operate through the merging of magnetosheath magnetic field lines and open magnetic field lines from the magnetospheric lobe. However, reconnection also occurs between magnetosheath field lines and closed magnetic field lines in the magnetosphere. Under certain conditions, this nonlobe field line reconnection has distinct plasma and magnetic field signatures that distinguish it from reconnection of lobe field lines. A survey of these conditions suggests that nonlobe reconnection at the Earth's magnetopause may be common even for relatively strong northward IMF.
Localized Slip and Associated Fluidized Structures Record Seismic Slip in Clay‐Rich Fault Gouge
Authors: French Melodie E. , Chester Judith S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFault rocks can weaken dramatically with increasing slip rate, which results in localization of slip and earthquakes. Exhumed fault zones and fault rocks deformed at seismic rates in the laboratory both show that deformation can become extremely localized to zones less than or equal to millimeters thick. However, localization can occur during aseismic slip, so evidence of localization cannot necessarily be interpreted as having occurred coseismically. Dynamic weakening that occurs during earthquakes is the result of processes that are unique to seismic slip rates, and previous results from carbonates show that these processes produce unique microstructures. We evaluate whether coseismic deformation at low normal stress produces unique structures within the localized slip zones and adjacent gouge that develop in clay‐rich gouge from the Central Deforming Zone of the San Andreas fault. We measured the thickness and orientations of localized slip zones and their internal lamina, particle orientations, and particle size distributions of gouge sheared from 0.35 to 1.3 m/s velocity, up to 25‐m displacement, and 1‐MPa normal stress, under water‐wet and room‐dry conditions. We find that the thicknesses of localized slip zones and their internal laminae are consistent with numerical formulations for thermal pressurization in wet gouge and both thermal decomposition and cataclastic deformation in dry gouge. Localized zones form coincident with a zone of fluidized gouge that accommodates at most 10% of the shear strain. We conclude that the combined occurrence of foliated localized shear zones with a zone of fluidized gouge may provide a record of seismicity in clay‐rich gouges.
Interpreting Granitic Fabrics in Terms of Rhyolitic Melt Segregation, Accumulation, and Escape Via Tectonic Filter Pressing in the Huemul Pluton, Chile
Authors: Garibaldi Nicolas , Tikoff Basil , Schaen Allen J. , Singer Brad S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe physical process of rhyolite segregation from crystal mushes remains elusive as microstructural evidence of conventional segregation mechanisms is not available. This study provides direct fabric evidence for deformation‐assisted segregation of eruptible rhyolite in the Chilean Andean arc. The shallow (<7 km), 6.4–6.2 Ma Huemul pluton comprises domains of quartz monzonite, granite, and high‐silica granite. Compositional modeling shows that rhyolitic melt (high‐silica granite) was extracted from a granitic parent, leaving behind silicic cumulates (quartz monzonite). To understand mechanisms of rhyolite segregation, we investigate magmatic fabrics in the pluton. Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility analyses reveal oblate magnetic fabrics and NNW‐striking, subvertical magnetic foliations throughout Huemul. Within the high‐silica granite, magnetic lineations are subvertical and parallel to elongate miarolitic cavities. Magnetic lineations in the quartz monzonite plunge moderately to the NNW, away from the high‐silica granite. In the quartz monzonite, the Shape‐Preferred Orientation of early feldspars is parallel to the magnetic lineation and developed while suspended in melt. Estimations of early feldspar clustering and crystallinity yield ~38% of interstitial volume loss in the quartz monzonite and no volume loss in the granite. These fabric data suggest ENE tectonic shortening coeval with rhyolite extraction. We explain these observations with a model of tectonic filter pressing in which shortening is accommodated by interstitial melt flow at slow (10−5 km3/yr) rates, segregating moderate volumes of rhyolite in Myr time scales. These interactions link plutonism, tectonic deformation, and upward mobility of eruptible rhyolite in tectonically active margins.
Present‐Day Deformations of the Jura Arc Inferred by GPS Surveying and Earthquake Focal Mechanisms
Authors: Rabin Mickael , Sue Christian , Walpersdorf Andrea , Sakic Pierre , Albaric Julie , Fores Benjamin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis study presents a compilation of more than 40 years of seismotectonic data, including 54 computed focal mechanisms, combined with 15 years of GPS data coming from a dense network of 35 permanent GPS stations within the Jura arc and its vicinity. These data are compared to previous available geomorphological, geophysical, and structural studies in order to discuss the 3D distribution of the deformation within the Jura arc. GPS data show coherent schemes in terms of velocities and allowed to discriminate between two provinces (NE of the belt and in its front/foreland). They also constrain a low but significant overall strain tensor with a NNW‐SSE shortening of 2.16 nanostrain/year associated with an ENE‐WSW extension of 0.44 nanostrain/year. The seismotectonic approach is based on a data set of 2,400 events and 54 focal mechanisms. Inversions of the focal mechanisms both globally and in homogeneous sectors highlight a general strike‐slip deformation regime, with sigma1 oriented NW‐SE and sigma3 oriented NE‐SW. We discriminate two different sectors in terms of basement/cover (un)coupling: (1) potentially decoupled deformation between the basement and the sedimentary cover in the NE part; and (2) coupled deformation in the sedimentary cover and its basement in the Jura foreland.
Coseismic Slip Vectors of 24 August and 30 October 2016 Earthquakes in Central Italy: Oblique Slip and Regional Kinematic Implications
Authors: Perouse Eugénie , Benedetti Lucilla , Fleury Jules , Rizza Magali , Puliti Irene , Billant Jeremy , Van der Woerd Jerome , Feuillet Nathalie , Jacques Eric , Pace Bruno 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAfter 24 August and 30 October 2016 central Italy earthquakes (Mw 6.0 and 6.5, respectively), photogrammetry and geodetic survey were performed at various sites along a 6‐km‐long portion of the rupturing Monte Vettore fault system, providing very high‐resolution georeferenced 3‐D point clouds and imagery of the 24 August rupture and a data set of bedrock fault scarp before/after the 30 October earthquake. The maximum coseismic displacement for both events occurs near Scoglio dell' Aquila with an average normal dip slip of 22 ± 4 and 184 ± 6 cm, respectively. Coseismic slip vectors and meter‐scale corrugation axis are oriented N280 ± 10° on the ~N140° striking main Vettore fault involving oblique normal slip with a right‐lateral component and N205 ± 10° on ~N170° fault strands implying oblique normal slip with a left‐lateral component. We quantify the near‐field coseismic displacements of the Monte Vettore fault for the 30 October event: the footwall has been translated horizontally by 42 ± 2 cm toward the ENE and uplifted by 11 ± 2 cm. The hangingwall has moved horizontally by 26 ± 2 cm, toward the NW, in a direction parallel to the fault plane and subsided by 116 ± 2 cm. The fault geometry and our determined surface coseismic slip vectors are mechanically compatible with a σ3 = N65 ± 15°. This stress regime is consistent with the 30 October 2016 focal mechanism and the relative motion between the Adriatic microplate and the Tyrrhenian coastal region. The 30 October surface rupture results from seismic slip at depth and thus has a tectonic origin.
The Late Eocene‐Early Miocene Unconformities of the NW Indian Intraplate Basins and Himalayan Foreland: A Record of Tectonics or Mantle Dynamics?
Authors: Najman Yani , Burley Stuart D. , Copley Alex , Kelly Michael J. , Pander Kaushal , Mishra Premanand 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA well‐developed late Eocene to Miocene unconformity, termed the base Miocene unconformity (BMU), is found throughout the intraplate basins of northwestern India and has previously been ascribed to Himalayan tectonics. This hypothesis is investigated by first describing the nature and age of the BMU in the northwest (NW) Indian intraplate basins and then reconstructing the location of the BMU relative to the Himalayan deformation front at the time it formed. We suggest that formation of the BMU in western India cannot be related to Himalayan tectonic processes associated with plate loading and flexure unless the Indian plate had an elastic thickness of >125 km, which is highly unlikely. Furthermore, the resumption of deposition post unconformity rules out inversion due to compression associated with India‐Asia convergence as a cause, as these compressive forces are still present. We note the coeval nature of the unconformity in the NW Indian plate intraplate basins and the Himalayan peripheral foreland basin. If the unconformities of the Himalayan peripheral foreland basin and the NW Indian intraplate basins were formed by a common process, uplift due to circulation in the mantle is the only possible regional‐scale mechanism. Such circulation could be the result of the intrinsically time‐dependent high‐Rayleigh number convection in the mantle, which has resulted in well‐documented unconformities elsewhere, or be the result of subducting slab break‐off beneath the Himalaya.
Clock transition by continuous dynamical decoupling of a three-level system
Authors: Stark Alexander , Aharon Nati , Huck Alexander , El-Ella Haitham A. R. , Retzker Alex , Jelezko Fedor , Andersen Ulrik L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe present a novel continuous dynamical decoupling scheme for the construction of a robust qubit in a three-level system. By means of a clock transition adjustment, we first show how robustness to environmental noise is achieved, while eliminating drive-noise, to first-order. We demonstrate this scheme with the spin sub-levels of the NV-centre’s electronic ground state. By applying drive fields with moderate Rabi frequencies, the drive noise is eliminated and an improvement of 2 orders of magnitude in the coherence time is obtained compared to the pure dephasing time. We then show how the clock transition adjustment can be tuned to eliminate also the second-order effect of the environmental noise with moderate drive fields. A further detailed theoretical investigation suggests an additional improvement of more than 1 order of magnitude in the coherence time which is supported by simulations. Hence, our scheme predicts that the coherence time may be prolonged towards the lifetime-limit using a relatively simple experimental setup.