bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐equivalent Results from Different Anteversion Measurements Methods for the Evaluation of the Acetabular Cup Orientation in Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Snijders Thom E , Schlösser Tom P C , van Gaalen Steven M , Castelein Rene M , Weinans Harry , de Gast Arthur 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveTo determine the comparability among 10 radiographic anteversion methods for acetabular cup orientation in total hip arthroplasty (THA) found in the literature and the “gold” standard of assessing the anteversion with CT.MethodsThis is a retrospective study that blindly compares 10 different conventional radiographic anteversion measurements with the “gold” standard, the measurement of anteversion on the transverse plane of the 3‐D images made with CT. The patient archiving and communications system (PACS) was systematically searched for subjects that had undergone a CT angiogram of the abdomen and lower extremities, including the pelvis, had at least one THA in situ and had undergone anterior‐posterior (AP) and cross‐lateral pelvic radiography between January 2013 and August 2016 in the Diakonessenhuis Hospital Utrecht/Zeist, a non‐academic institution. CT scans of patients (n = 16) were systematically collected. Three observers independently measured cup anteversion from radiographs, using a total of 10 different methods, and measured the “gold” standard on CT images. The outcomes of the 10 radiographic anteversion were compared in terms of linear correlation with the “gold” standard on CT images.ResultsThe correlations of the radiographic measured anteversions with the “gold” standard measured on CT images were 0.528 for the method of Liaw, 0.556 for Wan, 0.562 for the cross‐lateral method, 0.586 for Hassan, 0.594 for Dorr, 0.602 for Lewinnek, 0.624 for Widmer, 0.671 for the lateral CT, 0.747 for Ackland, and 0.771 for the method of Riten Pradham.ConclusionAnteversion measurement methods represent different projectional angles of the acetabular cup in different planes around different axes. Therefore, they differ from the “gold” standard and are not interchangeable, as is shown by this study. We consider the anatomical anteversion in the transverse plane rotating around the longitudinal axis as the “gold” standard and recommend avoiding using the term anteversion for other projectional angles in different planes.
Comparative pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus in stable pediatric allograft recipients converted from immediate‐release tacrolimus to prolonged‐release tacrolimus formulation
Authors: Rubik Jacek , Debray Dominique , Iserin Franck , Vondrak Karel , Sellier‐Leclerc Anne‐Laure , Kelly Deirdre , Czubkowski Piotr , Webb Nicholas J. A. , Riva Silvia , D'Antiga Lorenzo , Marks Stephen D. , Rivet Christine , Tönshoff Burkhard , Kazeem Gbenga , Undre Nasrullah 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis study was a Phase II, open‐label, multicenter, single‐arm, cross‐over study comparing the pharmacokinetics (PK) of tacrolimus in stable pediatric kidney, liver, or heart allograft recipients converted from immediate‐release tacrolimus (IR‐T) to prolonged‐release tacrolimus (PR‐T). In Days −30 to −1 of screening period, patients received their IR‐T‐based regimen; during Days 1‐7, patients received study IR‐T (same dose as screening). On Day 7, the first 24‐hours PK profile was taken; patients were then converted to PR‐T (1 mg:1 mg), with a second 24‐hours PK profile taken on Day 14. The primary end‐point was tacrolimus area under the blood concentration–time curve over 24 hours (AUC24); secondary end‐points were maximum concentration Cmaxand concentration at 24 hours C24. The predefined similarity interval for confidence intervals (CIs) of least squares mean (LSM) ratios was 80%‐125%. The PK analysis set comprised 74 pediatric transplant recipients (kidney, n = 45; liver, n = 28; heart, n = 1). PR‐T:IR‐T LSM ratio (90% CI) was similar overall for AUC24, max, and C24, and for kidney and liver recipients for AUC24 (LSM ratio, kidney 91.8%; liver 104.1%) and C24 (kidney 90.5%; liver 89.9%). Linear relationship was similar between AUC24 and C24, and between PR‐T and IR‐T (rho 0.89 and 0.84, respectively), suggesting that stable pediatric transplant recipients can be converted from IR‐T to PR‐T at the same total daily dose, using the same therapeutic drug monitoring method.
Effect of breakwater restoration work following the subsidence caused by the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake on the subtidal kelp population
Authors: Suzuki Haruka , Aoki Tomoya , Inomata Eri , Agatsuma Yukio , Aoki Masakazu N. 
Published: April 2019

SUMMARYWe conducted a 5‐year monitoring survey of a population of Eisenia bicyclis kelp at a coastal area that suffered subsidence from the 2011 earthquake and the subsequent breakwater restoration work. Due to subsidence, the former intertidal area sank to the subtidal zone, therefore, the density of E. bicyclis increased because of many recruits. However, after the restoration work, the area harboring the recruits was destroyed and landfilled. In an area that sank below the pre‐subsidence border of the kelp distribution, recruits were rare. Furthermore, an indirect effect of the restoration work was also observed on recruitment in the intact offshore kelp zone. Our results showed that the breakwater restoration work following subsidence had negative effects, not only to the density but also to the age structure of the E. bicyclis population.
Electrophysiological correlates of visual singleton detection
Authors: Tay Daniel , Harms Victoria , Hillyard Steven A. , McDonald John J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIdentifying a fixed‐feature singleton that pops out from an otherwise uniform array of distractors elicits an ERP component called the N2pc over the posterior scalp. The N2pc has been used to track attention with millisecond accuracy, inform theories of visual selection, and test for specific attention deficits in clinical populations, yet it is still unclear what neuro‐cognitive process gives rise to the component. One hypothesis is that the N2pc reflects a spatial filtering process that suppresses irrelevant distractors. In support of this hypothesis, Luck and Hillyard (1994a) showed that the N2pc is eliminated when the features of the target and distractors switch unpredictably across trials (so that participants cannot prepare to filter out irrelevant items). The present study aimed to replicate Luck and Hillyard’s singleton detection experiment but with modifications to enhance the N2pc signal and to gain statistical power. We show that orientation singletons do, in fact, elicit the N2pc as well as an earlier‐onset and longer‐lasting singleton detection positivity over the occipital scalp when the target and distractor orientations swap randomly across trials. We conclude that spatial filtering might not play a major role in the generation of the N2pc and that the selection processes required to search for fixed‐feature targets (in feature‐search mode) are also engaged in the detection of variable‐feature singletons (in singleton detection mode).
Barriers and facilitators for engagement and implementation of exercise in end‐stage kidney disease: Future theory‐based interventions using the Behavior Change Wheel
Authors: Clarke Amy L. , Jhamb Manisha , Bennett Paul N. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTheory‐driven interventions are required to increase the adoption and implementation of physical activity and exercise programs among patients with ESKD. The Behavior Change Wheel (BCW) represents a synthesis of behavior change theories and can be used to aid the systematic development of theory‐driven interventions designed to change exercise behavior. The goal of this review was to synthesize barriers and facilitators to engagement and implementation of exercise and develop theory‐based recommendations for exercise behavior change interventions in patients with ESKD. We applied the BCW in the current context of exercise for ESKD patients and conducted an analysis of patients’ and health care professionals’ (HCPs) capabilities, opportunities, and motivations to engage or promote exercise, respectively. Our analysis identified a number of salient barriers that could be targeted via intervention to increase levels of physical activity and exercise. Intervention functions identified as most likely to change patient behavior included training, enablement, education, restructuring environment, persuasion, modeling, incentivizing, and coercion. Similarly, intervention functions most likely to change HCPs behavior for exercise promotion included training, modeling, education, environmental restructuring, persuasion, and incentivizing. We also considered potential over‐arching policy changes required to support these interventions. Our findings provide theory‐based recommendations that can help inform future clinical and research decision‐making for implementing exercise interventions in these patients. However, high‐quality research in this area is desperately needed to ensure that interventions not only be theory‐driven, but evidence‐based.
Do the “Haves” Come Out Ahead? Resource Disparity in Public‐Land Usurpation Litigation in Taiwan*
Authors: Wu Chung‐li 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesConflicts over land are widely recognized as a major issue in most advanced and developing countries.MethodsThis study on land disputes examines the impact of resource inequalities, or termed party capabilities, on public‐land usurpation trial decisions in Taiwan's district courts between 2000 and 2014.ResultsThe findings reveal that defendants with superior resources (in terms of socioeconomic status, purpose of usurpation, and area of land involved) are more likely to receive not guilty verdicts or to win their civil cases in court. However, with respect to probationary verdicts in criminal cases, the effects of resource factors on trial outcomes are considerably less than expected.ConclusionsOn the whole, the evidence indicates that Taiwan's judicial system may favor litigants with superior resources, as their socioeconomic and experiential advantages could ensure their success at the expense of those with relatively few resources.
Programmatic outcomes and impact of rapid public sector antiretroviral therapy expansion in adults prior to introduction of the WHO treat‐all approach in rural Eswatini
Authors: Kerschberger Bernhard , Schomaker Michael , Ciglenecki Iza , Pasipamire Lorraine , Mabhena Edwin , Telnov Alex , Rusch Barbara , Lukhele Nomthandazo , Teck Roger , Boulle Andrew 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo assess long‐term antiretroviral therapy (ART) outcomes during rapid HIV programme expansion in the public sector of Eswatini (formerly Swaziland).MethodsThis is a retrospectively established cohort of HIV‐positive adults (≥16 years) who started first‐line ART in 25 health facilities in Shiselweni (Eswatini) between 01/2006 and 12/2014. Temporal trends in ART attrition, treatment expansion and ART coverage were described over 9 years. We used flexible parametric survival models to assess the relationship between time to ART attrition and covariates.ResultsOf 24 772 ART initiations, 6% (n = 1488) occurred in 2006, vs. 13% (n = 3192) in 2014. Between these years, median CD4 cell count at ART initiation increased (113–265 cells/mm3). The active treatment cohort expanded 8.4‐fold, ART coverage increased 8.0‐fold (7.1% in 2006 vs. 56.8% in 2014) and 12‐month crude ART retention improved from 71% to 86%. Compared with the pre‐decentralisation period (2006–2007), attrition decreased by 5% (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.95, 95% confidence interval 0.88–1.02) during HIV‐TB service decentralisation (2008–2010), by 17% (aHR 0.83, 0.75–0.92) during service consolidation (2011–2012), and by 20% (aHR 0.80, 0.71–0.90) during further treatment expansion (2013–2014). The risk of attrition was higher for young age, male sex, pathological baseline haemoglobin and biochemistry results, more toxic drug regimens, WHO III/IV staging and low CD4 cell count; access to a telephone was protective.ConclusionsProgrammatic outcomes improved during large expansion of the treatment cohort and increased ART coverage. Changes in ART programming may have contributed to better outcomes.
Impact of hydroxyethyl starch and modified fluid gelatin on granulocyte phenotype and function
Authors: Doblinger Nina , Bredthauer Andre , Mohrez Morad , Hähnel Viola , Graf Bernhard , Gruber Michael , Ahrens Norbert 
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUNDPatients with neutropenia or granulocyte dysfunction may require granulocyte transfusions for adequate immune restoration. High‐molecular‐weight hydroxyethyl starch (HES) is the most commonly used sedimentation agent to enhance granulocyte collection efficiency. However, authorities recently restricted the use of HES due to its unfavorable risk–benefit profile. As modified fluid gelatin (MFG) is already used as an alternative sedimentation agent, we tested the hypothesis that MFG is not inferior to HES in terms of the functionality and viability of granulocytes.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSGranulocytes from ten healthy donors were isolated, aliquoted and incubated in parallel for 2 hours with either 0% (control), 7.5%, 15%, or 30% MFG (Gelafundin) or HES (Hespan), respectively, and granulocyte migration, chemotaxis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, neutrophil extracellular trap formation (NETosis), antigen expression, and viability were subsequently investigated in vitro.RESULTSRelative to the controls, all three concentrations of HES compared to only 15% and 30% MFG lowered migration distances, and the 15% and 30% concentrations of both sedimentation agents reduced track straightness. HES resulted in lower CD11b expression and higher CD62L expression compared to MFG and the controls, whereas the differences for CD66b did not reach statistical significance. No significant differences in the timing of ROS production or NETosis, or in neutrophil viability or respiratory burst were observed.CONCLUSIONThese results indicate that MFG is not inferior to HES in terms of granulocyte function in vitro when used at equal concentrations, and that potential impairment of granulocyte function can occur with HES.
Do deeper regional trade agreements enhance international technology spillovers?
Authors: Jinji Naoto , Zhang Xingyuan , Haruna Shoji 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe examine whether regional trade agreements (RTAs) enhance international technology spillovers using a panel of patent citation data for 114 countries/regions for the period 1991–2007. We use patent citations as a proxy for technology spillovers. The focus of this study is on whether the depth of regional integration matters for technology spillovers among member countries/regions of RTAs. The depth of integration is measured by the extent to which an RTA includes legal obligations outside the current mandate of the World Trade Organization. We find that the depth of integration actually influences technology spillovers and that a deeper integration in a broad sense has a greater impact on technology spillovers than do technology‐related provisions.
Congenital hypotrichosis in a Simmental cross heifer
Authors: Starič Jože , Gombač Mitja , Ježek Jožica , Švara Tanja 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundCongenital hypotrichosis is defined as a less than normal amount of hair, obvious at birth or in the first weeks of life. Causes are nongenetic or genetic.ObjectivesTo describe the clinical presentation and histological features of a novel form of hypotrichosis in a heifer.AnimalA 15‐month‐old Simmental cross‐bred heifer was presented with a history of progressive hair loss, which started at four months of age and progressed to severe generalized hypotrichosis.Methods and materialsAnamnestic data, detailed clinical examination, haematological investigation, selected biochemistry profile, RT‐PCR and ELISA for bovine viral diarrhoea virus did not suggest a cause for the hypotrichosis; skin samples were examined histologically.ResultsHistopathology of the skin showed a 50% reduction in the number of hair follicles and dysplastic hair follicles; these findings led to a diagnosis of congenital hypotrichosis. The distribution of the hair and some of the histopathological characteristics were potentially consistent with viable hypotrichosis. A marked reduction in follicle density, hypertrophy of sebaceous glands, hypoplasia of arrector pili muscles and moderate acanthosis with hyperkeratosis, which have not been described previously in viable hypotrichosis or other forms of congenital hypotrichosis, were also observed.Conclusion and clinical significanceThis case may represent a novel form of congenital hypotrichosis.
Iridocorneal angle assessment of companion rabbits using gonioscopy, spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (Optovue iVue®), high‐resolution ultrasound, and Pentacam®HR imaging
Authors: Li Puma Margaret C. , Freeman Kate S. , Cleymaet Allison M. , Pederson Samantha L. , Crawford Amanda C. , Dinger Shelby C. , Li Puma Lance C. , Johnston Matthew S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveIridocorneal angle (ICA) narrowing is a known risk factor for primary glaucoma in multiple species, but has not been described in companion rabbits. This study aimed to develop an ICA grading scheme for companion rabbits to enable early glaucoma predisposition diagnosis.Animals studiedTwenty healthy rabbits of varying breeds and ages.ProceduresRabbits received complete ophthalmic examinations, including gonioscopy, and imaging of the ICA using spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT), Scheimpflug imaging (Pentacam®HR), and high‐resolution ultrasound (HRUS). Angle opening distance (AOD) and angle recess area (ARA) of the ICA were measured and assessed for agreement using a Bland‐Altman analysis. A five‐stage gonioscopy grading scheme was created, and Spearman‐rank test assessed for correlation between gonioscopy grades and ICA measurements. Differences among age and sex were analyzed with a nonparametric ANOVA and Wilcoxon rank‐sum test, respectively.ResultsAnalysis revealed AOD medians of 0.28mm for SD‐OCT [95% CI: 0.24‐0.31], 0.20mm for Pentacam®HR [95% CI: 0.18‐0.21], and 0.25mm for HRUS [95% CI: 0.22‐0.28]. The median ARA was 0.14mm2for SD‐OCT [95% CI: 0.117‐0.163], 0.09mm2for Pentacam®HR [95% CI: 0.082‐0.100], and 0.06mm2for HRUS [95% CI: 0.046‐0.054]. The association between gonioscopy grade and SD‐OCT ARA was significant(P < 0.05), and there was a significant difference (P < 0.001) between imaging modalities for both ARA and AOD.ConclusionsGonioscopy grade correlated well with SD‐OCT ARA. Therefore, SD‐OCT is recommended as a noncontact method for evaluating companion rabbit ICA. Each imaging device should not be used interchangeably for ICA evaluation.
THE STUDY OF SITUATIONAL LEADERSHIP STYLE ON AN INDONESIAN CONSTRUCTION COMPANY
Authors: Setiawan Theresita Herni , Firdaus Adrian , Putra Andre Dwi 
Published: April 2019

Situational leadership is defined as a style of leadership in which a leader manages to adapt his/her style in order to suit the situation. This situation refers to the circumstances among the leader’s employee which could enhance the success of the related project/work. The study is aimed to determine the suitability between the type of the employee and the situational leadership style of the project manager on a construction company. The circumstances of the employee are represented by their commitment and competence maturity level. The suitability result could give an insight to the project manager to enhance the success of their project. This study utilises a descriptive statistical analysis through a questionnaire survey and interview to a construction company in Indonesia. This company is selected because it is one of the biggest construction company in Indonesia. This research observed four high rise building projects which are constructed by this company in 2017 in Bandung, Indonesia. The result summary of the four projects shows a suitability between the type of employee (D3) and the project’s manager situational leadership style (S3). In accordance with the situational leadership theory, this suitability could produce a great situation between project manager and his/her employee, enhancing the accomplishment of the project. The company should keep this suitability, if such a shifting happens among the team, a re-identification is recommended. This could help project manager to understand his/her new employee, so he/she could adapt to the new situation and transform his/her leadership style to fit the new type of employee. This could enhance the overall performance of the company.
Harga Diri, Niat Menambah Pinjaman Dan Gelagat Perbelanjaan Individu Muslim Berpendapatan Rendah Di Sektor Perladangan
Authors: Toto Ngadiman Dicky Wiwittan , Rahim Hainnur Aqma , Yacoob Salmy Edawaty , Wahid Hairunnizam 
Published: April 2019

The importance of self-esteem cannot be underestimated. According to many previous researchers, self-esteem affects people behavior and thoughts. It changes how people feel about and value themself. It affects their confidence, and that can affect their success and thinking in a big way. Therefore, the objective of this study is examines the influence of self-esteem towards the intention of increasing the loan and the spending behavior of tahsiniyyat goods among the low-income people in plantation sector in Sabah. The study utilized data obtained from questionnaires that have been completed by 378 low-income people in Felda, Sabah. The data analysis was carried out through Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) techniques by using the SmartPLS 2.0 M3 software. The results revealed that there is a significant relationship between self-esteem with intention to increase their loans. We also observe that generally low-income people in plantation sector have spent their loan in tahsiniyyat goods. Results of this study suggest it is important for policymakers to increase financial literacy of low-income people by implementing various financial education programs so that they student can spent their loan wisely.
Diverse tuning underlies sparse activity in layer 2/3 vibrissal cortex of awake mice
Authors: Ranjbar‐Slamloo Yadollah , Arabzadeh Ehsan 
Published: April 2019

Key points
Sparse population activity is a common feature observed across cortical areas, yet the implications for sensory coding are not clear.
We recorded single neuron activity in the vibrissal somatosensory cortex of awake head‐fixed mice using the cell‐attached technique.
Unlike the anaesthetised condition, in awake mice a high‐velocity, piezo‐controlled whisker deflection excited only a small fraction of neurons.
Manual probing of whiskers revealed that the majority of these silent neurons could be activated by specific forms of whisker–object contact.
Our results suggest that sparse coding in vibrissal cortex may be due to high dimensionality of the stimulus space and narrow tuning of individual neurons.
AbstractIt is widely reported that superficial layers of the somatosensory cortex exhibit sparse firing. This sparseness could reflect weak feedforward sensory inputs that are not sufficient to generate action potentials in these layers. Alternatively, sparseness might reflect tuning to unknown or higher‐level complex features that are not fully explored in the stimulus space. Here, we examined these hypotheses by applying a range of vibrotactile and manual vibrissal stimuli in awake, head‐fixed mice while performing loose‐seal cell‐attached recordings from the vibrissal primary somatosensory (vS1) cortex. A high‐velocity stimulus delivered by a piezo‐electric actuator evoked activity in a small fraction of regular spiking supragranular neurons (23%) in the awake condition. However, a majority of the supragranular regular spiking neurons (84%) were driven by manual stimulation of whiskers. Our results suggest that most neurons in the superficial layers of vS1 cortex contribute to coding in the awake condition when neurons may encounter their preferred feature(s) during whisker–object interactions.