bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine learning in image‐based outcome prediction after radiotherapy: A review
Authors: Yuan Xiaohan , Ma Chaoqiong , Hu Mingzhe , Qiu Richard L. J. , Salari Elahheh , Martini Reema , Yang Xiaofeng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe integration of machine learning (ML) with radiotherapy has emerged as a pivotal innovation in outcome prediction, bringing novel insights amid unique challenges. This review comprehensively examines the current scope of ML applications in various treatment contexts, focusing on treatment outcomes such as patient survival, disease recurrence, and treatment‐induced toxicity. It emphasizes the ascending trajectory of research efforts and the prominence of survival analysis as a clinical priority. We analyze the use of several common medical imaging modalities in conjunction with clinical data, highlighting the advantages and complexities inherent in this approach. The research reflects a commitment to advancing patient‐centered care, advocating for expanded research on abdominal and pancreatic cancers. While data collection, patient privacy, standardization, and interpretability present significant challenges, leveraging ML in radiotherapy holds remarkable promise for elevating precision medicine and improving patient care outcomes.
Determinants of long‐term paramagnetic rim lesion evolution in people with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Reeves Jack A. , Bartnik Alexander , Mohebbi Maryam , Ramanathan Murali , Bergsland Niels , Jakimovski Dejan , Wilding Gregory E. , Salman Fahad , Schweser Ferdinand , Weinstock‐Guttman Bianca , Hojnacki David , Eckert Svetlana , Bagnato Francesca , Dwyer Michael G. , Zivadinov Robert 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveBaseline paramagnetic rim lesion (PRL) load predicts disease progression in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). Understanding how PRLs relate to other known MS‐related factors, and the practical utility of PRLs in clinical trials, is crucial for informing clinical decision‐making and guiding development of novel disease‐modifying treatments (DMTs).MethodsThis study included 152 pwMS enrolled in a larger prospective, longitudinal cohort study who had 3T MRI scans and clinical assessments at baseline and 5‐ or 10‐year follow‐ups. PRLs were identified on baseline 3T quantitative susceptibility maps and classified as persisting, disappearing, or newly appearing at follow‐up. The relationships between PRL evolution and clinical, radiological, environmental, and genetic characteristics were assessed, and clinical trial sample sizes were estimated using PRL appearance or disappearance as outcome measures.ResultsDMT use was associated with lower odds of new PRL appearance (for high‐efficacy DMTs: odds ratio = 0.088, p = 0.024), but not disappearance. Current smoking status was associated with greater baseline PRL number (B = 0.527 additional PRLs, p = 0.013). A 24‐month clinical trial in people with progressive MS for a DMT that doubles the rate of PRL rim disappearance would require an estimated 118 people with progressive MS per group at 80% statistical power.InterpretationEarly MS diagnosis and subsequent DMT initiation may reduce new chronic active inflammation. However, the utility of PRL disappearance or new PRL appearance as outcome measures in clinical trials is limited by potentially large sample sizes that are needed for moderate efficacy drugs.
Phenotypic and oncological insights in ANNA1 autoimmunity: Age stratification and biomarker analysis
Authors: Paramasivan Naveen Kumar , Masoud Majed , Karsten Carley , Zahid Anza , Kherbek Haidara , Zekeridou Anastasia , Sista Sri Raghav , Dasari Surendra , Knight Andrew M. , Mangioris Georgios , Mills John R. , McKeon Andrew , Pittock Sean J. , Dubey Divyanshu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the phenotypes, oncological associations, biomarker profiles, and outcomes across different age groups in patients with ANNA1 (anti‐Hu) autoimmunity.MethodsA retrospective review of patients with ANNA1‐IgG in serum/CSF between January 1, 2001, and December 31,2019 was performed. Patients were classified into three groups based on the age of symptom onset. Phage immunoprecipitation sequencing (PhIP‐Seq) and neurofilament light chain (NfL) measurements were done in patient sera/CSF with archived samples.ResultsOf 122 patients, 81 (66%), 20 (16%), and 21 (17%) patients belonged to older adults, young adults, and pediatric groups, respectively. Lung cancer and neuromuscular presentations were more common in older adults (p < 0.001), while limbic encephalitis and neuroblastoma were more common in pediatric patients (p < 0.005). Most young adults (75%) did not have cancer identified. Proportions of patients with a favorable response to immunotherapy were 20%, 30%, and 52% among older adults, young adults, and pediatric groups, respectively. PhIP‐Seq demonstrated significant enrichment for ELAVL4 peptides especially for amino acids 240–289, in the majority of samples evaluated (36/67, 54%). ZIC and SOX2 peptides were significantly enriched in those with central nervous system presentations. Serum NfL levels were elevated in patients with cancer and those with poor long‐term outcomes.InterpretationYoung adults with ANNA1 autoimmunity phenotypically resembled older adults but rarely had an underlying cancer. Pediatric patients frequently presented with limbic encephalitis and neuroblastoma and often responded favorably to immunotherapy. Distinct antigenic signatures may underlie differences in clinical presentations. Serum NfL levels may be a biomarker of poor long‐term outcomes in ANNA1 autoimmunity.
Reliable Automated ECG Arrhythmia Classification Using Reinforced VGG‐27 Neural Network Framework
Authors: Thite Trupti G. , Jagtap Sonal K. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAutomated categorization of electrocardiogram (ECG) waveforms using deep learning (DL) methods has garnered considerable attention in recent research. However, prevalent DL networks encounter challenges including overfitting, class imbalance, limitations in deeper network training, and high computational demands. To address these issues, this study proposes an Automated ECG Arrhythmia Classification framework employing the Reinforced Visual Geometry Group‐27 (REF‐VGG‐27). Initially, the framework encompasses preprocessing steps such as denoising, R‐peak identification, data balancing, and cross‐validation. For automatic feature extraction and classification, two DL architectures are suggested: a novel hybrid model combining 2D convolutional neural network (2DCNN) with VGG‐16, featuring a deep architecture for extracting morphological characteristics, frequency features related to heart rate variability (HRV), and statistical attributes crucial for identifying atrial fibrillation (AF). Subsequently, to classify arrhythmia patterns, the VGG‐16 Model is employed. Utilizing publicly available ECG image datasets, the proposed model achieved remarkable accuracy benchmarks: 99.61% accuracy, precision of 99.61%, and recall of 99.48%. Comparative analysis with existing approaches substantiates the efficiency and robustness of our model.
Biodegradable Acid‐Responsive Nanocarrier for Enhanced Antibiotic Therapy Against Drug‐Resistant Helicobacter Pylori via Urease Inhibition
Authors: Fan Huizhen , Wong Ka Ioi , Ma Yingying , Li Ming , Li Hanqing , Wei Li , Wang Shen , Yao Min , Lu Min 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMetal ion‐based inhibition of urease activity is a promising strategy for treating Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infections. However, the challenges of safe delivery and reducing cytotoxicity persist. In this study, an innovative nanocarrier capable of acid‐responsive release of Ag+ and antibiotics is developed, with complete degradation after treatment. Mesoporous organosilica nanoparticle (MON) is encapsulated with hyaluronic acid (HA) to prevent drug leakage and further coated with bacterial outer membrane vesicle (OMV) from Escherichia coli Nissle 1917, creating a nanocarrier with cell‐protective capabilities. Ag+ and antibiotic clarithromycin (CLR) are incorporated into the nanocarrier to form CLR‐Ag+@MON@HA@OMV (CAMO), designed for the targeted treatment of gastric H. pylori infection. The HA encapsulation ensures acid‐responsive release of CLR and Ag+ in the stomach, preventing premature release at non‐inflammatory sites. There is a potential for Ag⁺ in CAMO to replace Ni2⁺ at the active site of urease, enhancing the bactericidal effect of CLR through urease inhibition. Furthermore, the OMV provides additional cytoprotection, mitigating cell damage and inflammation response induced by the H. pylori infection. This study introduces a safe and effective nanocarrier that eradicates H. pylori and alleviates gastric inflammation.
Photothermal/Photodynamic Synergistic Antibacterial Hydrogel Dressing with pH/Glucose Dual Responsive Pirfenidone Release for Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Authors: Pan Guoying , Li Meng , Mu Lei , Huang Ying , Liang Yongping , Guo Baolin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDiabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are notoriously challenging to heal due to severe infection, excessive inflammation, and difficulty in angiogenesis. In response to these problems, first, a pH/glucose dual‐responsive hydrogel dressing (HPC) is constructed using dual dynamic crosslinking through Schiff base and phenylboronate ester between m‐aminophenylboronic acid and adipic dihydrazide bifunctionalized hyaluronic acid (AHP) and oxidized chondroitin sulfate (OCS). Then, polydopamine‐reduced graphene oxide compounded glycine‐modified fullerene (GPC) with photothermal/photodynamic synergistic antibacterial properties and the drug pirfenidone (PFD) with pro‐angiogenesis and suppress inflammatory are loaded into the above HPC hydrogel. Based on the response of Schiff base/phenylboronate ester to pH/glucose, the HPC/GPC/PFD (HPCG/PFD) hydrogel can accelerate the release of PFD, thereby improving excessive inflammation and angiogenesis in DFU. In addition, dual dynamic crosslinking provided the hydrogel with good on‐demand removal and self‐healing performance, while GPC brought good tissue adhesion, antioxidation, and electrical conductivity to the hydrogel. The rheology, morphology, mechanical properties, swelling, degradation, and biocompatibility of the hydrogel have been well verified. Finally, in the DFU model of rats, this hydrogel can promote wound repair by reducing infection and inflammation, accelerating wound closure, and enhancing epidermal regeneration, collagen deposition, and angiogenesis, showing promoting effect on diabetic wound healing.
Cordycepin‐Loaded Dental Pulp Stem Cell‐Derived Exosomes Promote Aged Bone Repair by Rejuvenating Senescent Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Endothelial Cells
Authors: Wang Yu , Jin Shanshan , Guo Yaru , Zhu Lisha , Lu Yilong , Li Jing , Heng Boon Chin , Liu Yan , Deng Xuliang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAging impairs bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) functions as well as associated angiogenesis which is critical for bone regeneration and repair. Hence, repairing bone defects in elderly patients poses a formidable challenge in regenerative medicine. Here, the engineered dental pulp stem cell‐derived exosomes loaded with the natural derivative of adenosine Cordycepin (CY@D‐exos) are fabricated by means of the intermittent ultrasonic shock, which dually rejuvenates both senescent BMSCs and endothelial cells and significantly improve bone regeneration and repair in aged animals. CY@D‐exos can efficiently overcome the senescence of aged BMSCs and enhance their osteogenic differentiation by activating NRF2 signaling and maintaining heterochromatin stability. Importantly, CY@D‐exos also potently overcomes the senescence of vascular endothelial cells and promotes angiogenesis. In vivo injectable gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels with sustained release of CY@D‐exos can accelerate bone injury repair and promote new blood vessel formation in aged animals. Taken together, these results thus demonstrate that cordycepin‐loaded dental pulp stem cell‐derived exosomes display considerable potential to be developed as a next‐generation therapeutic agent for promoting aged bone regeneration and repair.
Multifunctional Polysaccharide Self‐Healing Wound Dressing: NIR‐Responsive Carboxymethyl Chitosan / Quercetin Hydrogel
Authors: Xu Qiuting , Su Wei , Huang Cuilan , Zhong Haiyi , Huo Lini , Cai Jinyun , Li Peiyuan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAs the misuse of antibiotics increases bacterial resistance, the treatment of infected wounds caused by bacteria encounters significant challenges. Conventional antimicrobial dressings often fall short in their ability to inhibit bacterial infections while simultaneously promoting wound healing. To address this issue, a polysaccharide self‐healing hydrogel (CPP@PDA/Que3) wound dressing is successfully developed by incorporating quercetin and polydopamine nanoparticles into a carboxymethyl chitosan matrix. The dressing can be easily injected locally to create a protective barrier over the wound, effectively stopping bleeding and rapidly inhibiting inflammation. Furthermore, the CPP@PDA/Que3 hydrogel exhibits remarkable antioxidant and antibacterial properties, stemming from the combination of quercetin and near‐infrared (NIR) photothermal therapy. It demonstrates the ability to eliminate 99.52% of Staphylococcus aureus and 99.39% of Escherichia coli in in vitro antibacterial experiments. Additionally, the in vivo wound healing experiment shows a healing rate of ≈97%. The experimental results indicate that under NIR laser (808 nm) irradiation, the polysaccharide‐based hydrogel dressing significantly inhibits bacterial growth, reduces oxidative stress, expedites angiogenesis, and thereby accelerates the transition from inflammation to wound healing. In summary, the CPP@PDA/Que3 hydrogel exhibits significant potential as a wound dressing, providing a novel approach for clinically advancing the treatment of bacterial wounds.
Managing Solvent Complexes to Amplify Ripening Process by Covalent Interaction Driving Force Under External Field for Perovskite Photovoltaic
Authors: Hong Jiajie , Xing Zhi , Li Dengxue , Hu Biao , Xu Kaiqin , Hu Xiaotian , Hu Ting , Chen Yiwang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUp to now, post‐annealing is most commonly used to post treat the perovskite film to accelerate the ripening process. Nonetheless, the top‐down crystallization mechanism impedes the efficient desolvation of solvent complexes. Thus, residual solvent complexes tend to accumulate at the bottom of the film during the ripening process and deteriorate the device. Here, a new strategy with unique concept is promoted to amplify ripening process of perovskite film, in which a nematic thermotropic liquid crystal (LC) molecular is introduced to facilitate the conversion of solvent complexes by utilizing the liquid crystalline behavior under external field. Upon the concurrent application of thermal and force fields, the covalent interaction between LC and solvent complexes generates a driving force, which promotes upward migration of solvent complexes, thereby facilitating their engagement in the ripening process. In addition, the driving force under external fields assists the flattening of grain boundary grooves. Therefore, film quality is improved efficiently with amplified ripening process and adequately handled buried interface. Based on the positive effects, the devices achieve a champion efficiency of 25.24%, and sustained ≈75% of its initial efficiency level even after undergoing a damp heat test (85 °C/85% RH) for 1400 h.
Promoting Piezoelectricity in Amino Acids by Fluorination
Authors: Hu Tan , Lee Jin Pyo , Huang Peiwen , Ong Amanda Jiamin , Yu Jian , Zhu Shuihong , Jiang Yixuan , Zhang Zhuo , Reches Meital , Lee Pooi See 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBioinspired piezoelectric amino acids and peptides are attracting attention due to their designable sequences, versatile structures, low cost, and biodegradability. However, it remains a challenge to design amino acids and peptides with high piezoelectricity. Herein, a high piezoelectric amino acid by simple fluorination in its side chain is presented. The three phenylalanine derivatives are designed: Cbz‐Phe, Cbz‐Phe(4F), and Cbz‐pentafluoro‐Phe. The effect of fluorination on self‐assembly and piezoelectricity is investigated. Cbz‐Phe(4F) can self‐assemble into crystals with a C2 space group, while Cbz‐Phe and Cbz‐pentafluoro‐Phe form aggregated self‐assemblies. Moreover, Cbz‐Phe(4F) crystals exhibit a remarkably higher piezoelectric coefficient () of ≈17.9 pm V−1 than Cbz‐Phe and Cbz‐pentafluoro‐Phe. When fabricated as a piezoelectric nanogenerator, it generates an open‐circuit voltage of ≈2.4 V. Importantly, Cbz‐Phe(4F) crystals serve as a flexible piezoelectric sensor for the classification of various nuts and their quality sorting, which includes those as small as individual pumpkin seeds with high sensitivity and accuracy of sorting and quality checks. When mounted onto soft grippers, the sensor performs the tactile self‐sensing functions. This work provides a promising approach to designing high piezoelectric amino acids by simple fluorination, offering exciting prospects for advancements in bioinspired piezoelectric materials in the application of smart agriculture and soft robotics.
Polarization: A Universal Driving Force for Energy, Environment, and Electronics
Authors: Guan Xinwei , Lei Zhihao , Xue Ruichang , Li Zhixuan , Li Peng , David Matthew , Yi Jiabao , Jia Baohua , Huang Hongwei , Li Xiaoning , Ma Tianyi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe sustainable future relies on the synergistic development of energy, environmental, and electronic systems, founded on the development of functional materials by exploring their quantum mechanisms. Effective control over the distribution and behavior of charges within these materials, a basic quantum attribute, is crucial in dictating their physical, chemical, and electronic properties. At the core of charge manipulation lies “polarization”—a ubiquitous phenomenon marked by separating positive and negative charges. This review thoroughly examines polarization techniques, spotlighting their transformative role in catalysis, energy storage, solar cells, and electronics. Starting with the foundational mechanisms underlying various forms of polarization, including piezoelectric, ferroelectric, and pyroelectric effects, the perspective is expanded to cover any asymmetric phenomena that generate internal fields, such as heterostructures and doping. Afterward, the critical role of polarization across various applications, including charge separation, surface chemistry modification, and energy band alignment, is highlighted. Special emphasis is placed on the synergy between polarization and material properties, demonstrating how this interplay is pivotal in overcoming existing technological limitations and unlocking new functionalities. Through a comprehensive analysis, a holistic roadmap is offered for harnessing polarization across the broad spectrum of applications, thus finding sustainable solutions for future energy, environment, and electronics.
Highly Efficient Aggregation‐Induced Chiral TADF Molecules Exhibiting Prolonged Lifetime in Living Cells under Hypoxic Stress
Authors: Ye Danfeng , Zheng Guangrong , Ali Amjad , Baryshnikov Glib V. , Ågren Hans , Li Shan , Chai Xianzhi , Zhu Liangliang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials have garnered significant attention as potential candidates for biological photoluminescence imaging. However, the achievement of tunable chiral TADF materials through aggregated and self‐assembled processes remains a formidable challenge. In this study, four donor–acceptor–donor type chiral TADF molecules, designed by directly linking electron‐donating moieties (phenoxazine, phenothiazine or 1‐phenyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline) with an electron‐acceptor unit (diphenyl sulfone), as promising candidates for luminescent imaging applications are presented. The experimental investigation reveals that these chiral TADF materials possess remarkably small ΔEST values, promoting efficient reverse intersystem crossing (RISC). Additionally, they exhibit aggregation‐induced emission and long‐delayed luminescent lifetimes affected by the aggregated and self‐assembled state. Moreover, deoxygenation significantly enhances the emission, enabling high‐contrast hypoxia probing, which shows great potential for high‐contrast photoluminescence imaging in living cells. This work not only offers a molecular design strategy for chiral TADF materials but also extends the diverse biological applications of high‐contrast hypoxia detection in the biological field.
Experimental Realization of Subwavelength Spoof Plasmonic Bound States in the Continuum and Ultra‐Sensitive Detection
Authors: Zhao Ruoxi , Ma Jiali , Luo Ying , Huang Yingzhou , Li Shunbo , Chen Li , Xu Yi , Wang Li 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOptical bound states in the continuum (BICs) lies in side the continuum and coexists with extended waves, but it remains perfectly confined without any radiation. This unique property of BICs has led to numerous applications, such as highly surface‐sensitive and spectrally sharp resonances for photonic biosensors. However, it remains challenging to experimentally realize the BICs in a single‐particle system, especially for subwavelength structures. This study presents the existence of optical BICs in a subwavelength metallic microstructure, and quasi‐BICs are observed experimentally in a waveguide system with only a single optimized aluminum meta‐particle. This plasmonic BICs is resulting from the destructive interference of two localized surface plasmon modes. Benefiting from its strong localized field confinement and substrate‐free merit of BICs, the experimentally measured quality factor (Q‐factor) of this transmission dip reach to 273. Additionally, this meta‐particle is experimentally verified to show a good sensitivity for both solids and liquids through the spectral shift of the BICs caused transmission dip. This finding extends the optical BICs to a subwavelength scale and opens practical application opportunities for ultrasmall‐quantity detection of biochemical substances.
Low‐Melting Perovskite Glass for Multimodal Anti‐Counterfeiting and X‐Ray Imaging
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Cheng Xixi , Yang Bobo , Hu Rongrong , Wu Qiaoyun , Liu Yukai , Yu Zhanyang , Yang Xiaoyan , Xia Qing , Zou Jun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGlass, with its unique amorphous properties, offers low thermal conductivity, high catalytic activity, insensitivity to interfacial lattice mismatch, and the absence of grain boundaries. Melt‐quenched organic–inorganic hybrid glass has recently gained significant attention as an emerging material because of its excellent processability and formability. Here, an SbCl3(C25H46ClN)x halide with a low melting point (90 °C) and significant formability is reported. Both the crystalline and glass states of SbCl3(C25H46ClN)x have double broadband emission, and the glass state exhibits negative thermal quenching, which is rare in metal halides. Interestingly, the luminescence properties of SbCl3(C25H46ClN)x glass with different x values differ. This feature is utilized to design multimodal anti‐counterfeiting and information encryption applications. Additionally, The inherent melt processing capability of SbCl3(C25H46ClN)x allows it to be shaped into various forms suitable for practical applications. SbCl3(C25H46ClN)x scintillator screens (diameter 2.2 cm) are successfully prepared by low‐temperature melting, achieving an X‐ray imaging resolution of 18 line pairs per millimeter (18 lp mm−1). This study demonstrates the potential of melt‐processed organic–inorganic hybrid glass SbCl3(C25H46ClN)x in anti‐counterfeiting, information encryption, and X‐ray detection.