bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENDUGAAN UMUR SIMPAN GULA SEMUT DALAM KEMASAN DENGAN PENDEKATAN ARRHENIUS (Shelf Life Prediction of Palm Sugar on Packaging using Arrhenius Equation)
Authors: Kurniawan Hary , Bintoro Nursigit , W.K. Joko Nugroho 
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this research was to determined the shelf life of packaged palm sugar at various temperatures and relative humidity (RH) storage using Arrhenius model based on changes in water content. The palm sugars were packed with 0.675 mm polyethylene packaging and stored at 15, 25, 30 and 35°C at RH of 77% and 98%. Measured parameters included the determination of critical parameters of palm sugar, initial moisture content and critical moisture content of palm sugar, changes in moisture content during storage. The Arrhenius model approach was used in this study to predict the shelf life period of palm sugar. The results showed that the texture was one of palm sugar critical parameters. Initial moisture content and critical moisture content of palm sugar were obtained at 1.51% (db) and 6.80% (db), respectively. Increase in moisture content of palm sugar occurred in various temperature variations and RH storage. The higher the storage temperature, the higher the moisture content of the palm sugar, which was characterized by the greater slope of moisture content relationship graph with respect to storage period at both RH 77% and 98%. The longest duration of palm sugar occurredat 15°C, RH 77%; the shortest duration occurred at 35°C, RH 98%.
Keywords: palm sugar, packaging, relative humidity, temperature, shelf life

ABSTRAK
Tujuan dari penelitian in adalah menentukan umur simpan gula semut dalam kemasan pada berbagai suhu dan RH penyimpanan mengunakan model Arrhenius berdasarkan perubahan kadar air. Gula semut dikemas menggunakan kemasan polietilen ketabalan 0,675 mm dan disimpan pada suhu 15, 25, 30 dan 35oC pada RH 77% dan 98%. Parameter yang diukur antara lain penetuan parameter kritis gula semut, kadar air awal dan kadar air kritis gula semut, perubahan kadar air selama penyimpanan. Pendekatan model Arrhenius digunakan dalam penelitan ini untuk memprediksi umur simpan gula semut. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa tekstur merupakan salah satu parameter kritis gula semut. Kadar air awal dan kadar air kritis gula semut diperoleh masing-masing 1,51 % (db) dan 6,80% (db). Terjadi peningkatan kadar air gula semut pada berbagai variasi suhu dan RH penyimpanan. Semakin tinggi suhu penyimpanan maka kenaiakn kadar air gula semut semakin besar yang ditandai dengan semakin besar kemiringan grafik hubungan kadar air terhadap waktu penyimpanan baik pada RH 77% dan 98%. Umur simpan gula semut paling lama terjadi pada suhu 15oC RH 77% dan umur simpan gula semut yang paling pendek terjadi pada suhu 35oC RH 98%.
Kata kunci: gula semut, kelembaban relatif, kemasan, temperatur, umur simpan
An Overview of Facial and Head and Neck Trauma at Patan Hospital
Authors: Shrestha Namita , Dangol Bhawana , Devkota Ishwor Raj , Nepal Ajit , Yadav Deepak , Bhandary Sangeeta 
Published: March 2018

Objective: To find out the prevalence of various types of head and neck trauma.Material and Methods: This retrospective study was done in the department of ENT and HNS, Patan Hospital, PAHS. Charts were retrospectively reviewed for total 61 inpatients with a diagnosis suggestive of head and neck trauma from August 2013 to January 2015. Data was collected for age, sex, address, type of admission (emergency/OPD), mechanism of injury, site of injury , imaging including X-rays/CT scan wherever applicable and results, surgical therapy, type of anesthesia, hospital admission duration, complications, and follow-up and analyzed.Result: Males were common than females (62.3% vs. 37.7%). Fall was the most common mode of injury (100%) in both pediatric and elderly population and in adults RTA (42.10%) was the most common mode. In the type of injury most common in pediatrics was oral cavity and oropharyngeal injury (47.60%), in adults facial soft tissue injury (STI) and facial fractures (42.10%) were equally common and in geriatrics it was (100%).Conclusion: Adult males were prone to head and neck trauma mostly sustaining soft tissue injury (STI) and fractures due to RTA and physical assult. Injury to oral cavity and oropharynx and STI due to fall is common in extreme of ages. Though the management out comes were good and no grave complications were reported in this study.Nepalese Journal of ENT Head and Neck Surgery, Vol. 6, No. 1, 2015
Hydrothermal synthesis of superparamagnetic zinc–nickel ferrite nanoparticles
Authors: Luong Anh T. Q. , Nguyen Dan V. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Zn0.8Ni0.2Fe2O4 nanoparticles were prepared in a three-step synthesis involving the co-precipitation of metal nano-hydroxide, coating the metal nano-hydroxide with oleic acid, and hydrothermal treatment (ferritization). The nanoparticles were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. All samples heated at temperatures from 140 °C to 180 °C were crystalline Zn0.8Ni0.2Fe2O4 with particle sizes ranging from 5–8 nm. Vibrating sample magnetometry results indicated that the coercive force and remanence of the samples were close to zero, and the saturation magnetization values were high (14.20–27.12 emu · g−1).
The Interplay between Radiation Pressure and the Photoelectric Instability in Optically Thin Disks of Gas and Dust
Authors: Richert Alexander J. W. , Lyra Wladimir , Kuchner Marc J. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
In optically thin disks, dust grains are photoelectrically stripped of electrons by starlight, heating nearby gas and possibly creating a dust clumping instability—the photoelectric instability (PeI)—that significantly alters global disk structure. In the current work, we use the Pencil Code to perform the first numerical models of the PeI that include stellar radiation pressure on dust grains in order to explore the parameter regime in which the instability operates. In some models with low gas and dust surface densities, we see a variety of dust structures, including sharp concentric rings. In the most gas- and dust-rich models, nonaxisymmetric clumps, arcs, and spiral arms emerge that represent dust surface density enhancements of factors of ∼5–20. In one high gas surface density model, we include a large, low-order gas viscosity and find that it observably smooths the structures that form in the gas and dust, suggesting that resolved images of a given disk may be useful for deriving constraints on the effective viscosity of its gas. Our models show that radiation pressure does not preclude the formation of complex structure from the PeI, but the qualitative manifestation of the PeI depends strongly on the parameters of the system. The PeI may provide an explanation for unusual disk morphologies, such as the moving blobs of the AU Mic disk, the asymmetric dust distribution of the 49 Ceti disk, and the rings and arcs found in the HD 141569A disk.
A Spatially Resolved Study of the GRB 020903 Host Galaxy
Authors: Thorp Mallory D. , Levesque Emily M. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
GRB 020903 is a long-duration gamma-ray burst with a host galaxy close enough and extended enough for spatially resolved observations, making it one of less than a dozen GRBs where such host studies are possible. GRB 020903 lies in a galaxy host complex that appears to consist of four interacting components. Here we present the results of spatially resolved spectroscopic observations of the GRB 020903 host. By taking observations at two different position angles, we were able to obtain optical spectra (3600–9000 Å) of multiple regions in the galaxy. We confirm redshifts for three regions of the host galaxy that match that of GRB 020903. We measure the metallicity of these regions, and find that the explosion site and the nearby star-forming regions both have comparable subsolar metallicities. We conclude that, in agreement with past spatially resolved studies of GRBs, the GRB explosion site is representative of the host galaxy as a whole rather than localized in a metal-poor region of the galaxy.
Confronting Models of Massive Star Evolution and Explosions with Remnant Mass Measurements
Authors: Raithel Carolyn A. , Sukhbold Tuguldur , Özel Feryal 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The mass distribution of compact objects provides a fossil record that can be studied to uncover information on the late stages of massive star evolution, the supernova explosion mechanism, and the dense matter equation of state. Observations of neutron star masses indicate a bimodal Gaussian distribution, while the observed black hole mass distribution decays exponentially for stellar-mass black holes. We use these observed distributions to directly confront the predictions of stellar evolution models and the neutrino-driven supernova simulations of Sukhbold et al. We find strong agreement between the black hole and low-mass neutron star distributions created by these simulations and the observations. We show that a large fraction of the stellar envelope must be ejected, either during the formation of stellar-mass black holes or prior to the implosion through tidal stripping due to a binary companion, in order to reproduce the observed black hole mass distribution. We also determine the origins of the bimodal peaks of the neutron star mass distribution, finding that the low-mass peak (centered at ∼1.4 M
⊙) originates from progenitors with M
ZAMS ≈ 9–18 M
⊙. The simulations fail to reproduce the observed peak of high-mass neutron stars (centered at ∼1.8 M
⊙) and we explore several possible explanations. We argue that the close agreement between the observed and predicted black hole and low-mass neutron star mass distributions provides new, promising evidence that these stellar evolution and explosion models capture the majority of relevant stellar, nuclear, and explosion physics involved in the formation of compact objects.
Multi-episode Chromospheric Evaporation Observed in a Solar Flare
Authors: Tian H. , Chen N.-H. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
With observations of the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS), we study chromospheric heating and evaporation during an M1.6 flare SOL2015-03-12T11:50. At the flare ribbons, the Mg ii 2791.59 Å line shows quasi-periodic short-duration red-wing enhancement, which is likely related to repetitive chromospheric condensation as a result of episodic heating. On the contrary, the Si iv 1402.77 Å line reveals a persistent red-wing asymmetry in both the impulsive and decay phases, suggesting that this line responds to both cooling downflows and chromospheric condensation. The first two episodes of red-wing enhancement occurred around 11:42 UT and 11:45 UT, when two moving brightenings indicative of heating fronts crossed the IRIS slit. The greatly enhanced red wings of the Si iv and Mg ii lines at these occasions are accompanied by an obvious increase in the line intensities and the HXR flux, suggesting two episodes of energy injection into the lower atmosphere in the form of nonthermal electrons. The Mg ii k/h ratio has a small value of ∼1.2 at the ribbons and decreases to ∼1.1 at these two occasions. Correspondingly, the Fe xxi 1354 Å line reveals two episodes of chromospheric evaporation, which is characterized as a smooth decrease of the blueshift from ∼300 km s−1 to nearly zero within ∼3 minutes. The Fe xxi 1354 Å line is entirely blueshifted in the first episode, while it appears to contain a nearly stationary component and a blueshifted component in the second episode. Additional episodes of blueshifted Fe xxi emission are found around the northern ribbon in the decay phase, though no obvious response is detected in the Si iv and Mg ii emission. We have also examined the Fe xxi emission at the flare loop top and identified a secondary component with a ∼200 km s−1 redshift, which possibly results from the downward moving reconnection outflow. Our analysis also yields a rest wavelength of 1354.0878 ± 0.0072 Å for this Fe xxi line.
Intellectual capital management: An approach to organizational practices in Ecuador
Authors: Claver-Cortés Enrique , Zaragoza-Sáez Patrocinio , González Illescas Mayiya 
Published: March 2018

Purpose: The present study has as its aim to identify the organizational management practices that involve intellectual capital as facilitators of innovation in its diverse formats, in Ecuador-based shrimp exporting companies.Design/methodology: The research of a qualitative nature was based on the Grounded Theory as a support for data analysis and collection. The personal interview was used in order to obtain the text corpus. The five resulting clusters served as the basis to apply inductive processes: open coding; axial coding; and selective coding, as a methodological activity meant to help interpret concepts and relationships.Findings: The organizational practices associated with intellectual capital in shrimp exporting companies are focused on structural and human capital management, where innovation has developed from the demands for the implementation of quality management systems in accordance with international regulations.Research limitations/implications: The main contribution made by the present study lies in establishing a primary reference framework for the design of strategic alternatives that involve strengthening intellectual capital as a way to generate sustainable competitive advantages in the companies belonging to this sector.Social implications: Shrimp exports, which stand out for being one of the most significant sources of income in Ecuador, contribute to local development by means of employment generation, mainly in rural communities. The exposure to organizational routines linked to intellectual capital provides a chance to come closer to the reality of this sector. This can prove useful for executives and public policy managers to prioritize an approach which influences the generation and maintenance of competitiveness at a firm level, and also impacts on the development of the regions where such business are located.Originality/value: Faced with the absence of works applied to this sector, the present work explores the reality of shrimp exporting companies, seeking to define a framework for the understanding of intellectual capital management, which might eventually imply a reference point for the design of strategies aimed at strengthening competitive positioning.
Prairie Pothole Region Wetlands and Subsurface Drainage Systems: Key Factors for Determining Drainage Setback Distances
Authors: Tangen Brian A. , Wiltermuth Mark T. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Use of agricultural subsurface drainage systems in the Prairie Pothole Region of North America continues to increase, prompting concerns over potential negative effects to the Region's vital wetlands. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service protects a large number of wetlands through conservation easements that often utilize standard lateral setback distances to provide buffers between wetlands and drainage systems. Because of a lack of information pertaining to the efficacy of these setback distances for protecting wetlands, information is required to support the decision making for placement of subsurface drainage systems adjacent to wetlands. We used qualitative graphical analyses and data comparisons to identify characteristics of subsurface drainage systems and wetland catchments that could be considered when assessing setback distances. We also compared setback distances with catchment slope lengths to determine if they typically exclude drainage systems from the catchment. We demonstrated that depth of a subsurface drainage system is a key factor for determining drainage setback distances. Drainage systems located closer to the surface (shallow) typically could be associated with shorter lateral setback distances compared with deeper systems. Subsurface drainage systems would be allowed within a wetland's catchment for 44–59% of catchments associated with wetland conservation easements in North Dakota. More specifically, results suggest that drainage setback distances generally would exclude drainage systems from catchments of the smaller wetlands that typically have shorter slopes in the adjacent upland contributing area. For larger wetlands, however, considerable areas of the catchment would be vulnerable to drainage that may affect wetland hydrology. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service easements are associated with &gt; 2,000 km2 of wetlands in North Dakota, demonstrating great potential to protect these systems from drainage depending on policies for installing subsurface drainage systems on these lands. The length of slope of individual catchments and depth of subsurface drainage systems could be considered when prescribing drainage setback distances and assessing potential effects to wetland hydrology. Moreover, because of uncertainties associated with the efficacy of standard drainage setback distances, exclusion of subsurface drainage systems from wetland catchments would be ideal when the goal is to protect wetlands.
Highly faithful actions and dense free subgroups in full groups
Authors: Le Maître François 
Published: March 2018

In this paper, we show that every measure-preserving ergodic equivalence relation of cost less than

m

comes from a “rich” faithful invariant random subgroup of the free group on

m

generators, strengthening a result of Bowen which had been obtained by a Baire category argument.

Our proof is completely explicit: we use our previous construction of topological generators for full groups and observe that these generators induce a totally non free action. We then twist this construction so that the action is moreover amenable onto almost every orbit and highly faithful.
In particular, we obtain that the full group of a measure-preserving ergodic equivalence of cost less than m contains a dense free subgroup on m generators.
Daily temperature records from a mesonet in the foothills of the Canadian Rocky Mountains, 2005–2010
Authors: Wood Wendy H. , Marshall Shawn J. , Whitehead Terri L. , Fargey Shannon E. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Near-surface air temperatures were monitored from 2005 to 2010 in a mesoscale
network of 230 sites in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains in southwestern
Alberta, Canada. The monitoring network covers a range of elevations from 890
to 2880 m above sea level and an area of about 18 000 km2, sampling a
variety of topographic settings and surface environments with an average
spatial density of one station per 78 km2. This paper presents the
multiyear temperature dataset from this study, with minimum, maximum, and
mean daily temperature data available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.880611. In this paper, we
describe the quality control and processing methods used to clean and filter
the data and assess its accuracy. Overall data coverage for the study period
is 91 %. We introduce a weather-system-dependent gap-filling technique to
estimate the missing 9 % of data. Monthly and seasonal distributions of
minimum, maximum, and mean daily temperature lapse rates are shown for the
region.
Modelling seasonal meltwater forcing of the velocity of land-terminating margins of the Greenland Ice Sheet
Authors: Koziol Conrad P. , Arnold Neil 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Surface runoff at the margin of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS)
drains to the ice-sheet bed, leading to enhanced summer ice
flow. Ice velocities show a pattern of early summer acceleration
followed by mid-summer deceleration due to evolution of the
subglacial hydrology system in response to meltwater
forcing. Modelling the integrated hydrological–ice dynamics
system to reproduce measured velocities at the ice margin remains
a key challenge for validating the present understanding of the
system and constraining the impact of increasing surface runoff
rates on dynamic ice mass loss from the GrIS. Here
we show that a multi-component model incorporating supraglacial,
subglacial, and ice dynamic components applied to
a land-terminating catchment in western Greenland produces modelled
velocities which are in reasonable agreement with those observed
in GPS records for three melt seasons of varying melt
intensities. This provides numerical support for the hypothesis
that the subglacial system develops analogously to alpine
glaciers and supports recent model formulations capturing the
transition between distributed and channelized states. The model
shows the growth of efficient conduit-based drainage up-glacier
from the ice sheet margin, which develops more extensively, and
further inland, as melt intensity increases. This suggests current
trends of decadal-timescale slowdown of ice velocities in the
ablation zone may continue in the near future. The model results
also show a strong scaling between average summer velocities and
melt season intensity, particularly in the upper ablation
area. Assuming winter velocities are not impacted by
channelization, our model suggests an upper bound of
a 25 % increase in annual surface velocities as surface
melt increases to 4× present levels.
Rents, Power and Governance in Global Value Chains
Authors: Davis Dennis , Kaplinsky Raphael , Morris Mike 
Published: March 2018

This paper addresses the generation of rents and the distribution of gains in the global operations of governed Global Value Chains (GVCs) and seeks to provide an architecture for analyzing the governance of GVCs. It distinguishes between four sets of rent—gifts of nature; innovation rents; exogenously defined rents; and market power—and three spheres of governance—setting the rules -“legislative governance”; implementing the rules -“executive governance”; and monitoring rules and sanctioning malfeasance -“judicial governance.” The exercise of governance power in GVCs over the generation, protection and appropriation of rents is considered though the lens of four sets of key GVC stakeholders—the corporate sector, civil society organizations, the nation state and supranational institutions. This general analysis is given flesh through three case studies: food-safety standards in GVCs; taxation policies and competition policies. In these sectors, the corporate sector is generally much more effective in governing rent generation and appropriation in the global operations of GVCs than are the three sets of non-corporate stakeholders. From this observation we offer a hypothesis that the capacity of non-corporate stakeholders, including national states, to govern GVCs is contingent upon the extent to which this coincides with the interest of the corporate sector. However, as noted, this balance of power between private and non-corporate actors is a contested terrain and dynamic in nature.
Using Prior Payment Behavior Variables for Small Enterprise Default Prediction Modelling
Authors: Ciampi Francesco 
Published: March 2018

This study aims to verify the potential of combining prior payment behavior variables and financial ratios for SE default prediction modelling. Logistic regression was applied to a sample of 980 Italian SEs in order to calculate and compare two categories of default prediction models, one exclusively based on financial ratios and the other based also on company payment behavior related variables. The main findings are: 1) using prior payment behavior variables significantly improves the effectiveness of SE default prediction modelling; ii) the longer the forecast horizon and/or the smaller the size of the firms which are the object of analysis, the higher the improvements in prediction accuracy that can be obtained by using also prior payment behavior variables as default predictors; iii) SE default prediction modelling should be separately implemented for different size groups of firms.