bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metal Nanoparticles for Diagnosis and Therapy of Bacterial Infection
Authors: Yuan Peiyan , Ding Xin , Yang Yi Yan , Xu Qing‐Hua 
Published: March 2018

AbstractInfectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria, especially multidrug‐resistant bacteria, and their global spreading have become serious public health concerns. Early diagnosis and effective therapy can efficiently prevent deterioration and further spreading of the infections. There is an urgent need for sensitive, selective, and facile diagnosis as well as therapeutically potent treatment. The emergence of nanotechnology has provided more options for diagnosis and treatments of bacterial infections. Metal nanoparticles and metal oxide nanoparticles have drawn intense attention owing to their unique optical, magnetic, and electrical properties. These versatile metal‐based nanoparticles have great potential for selective detection of bacteria and/or therapy. This review gives an overview of recent efforts on developing various metal‐based nanoparticles for bacterial detection and infection therapy. It begins with an introduction of fundamental concepts and mechanisms in designing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Representative achievements are selected to illustrate the proof‐of‐concept in vitro and in vivo applications. A brief discussion of challenges and perspective outlook in this field is provided at the end of this review.
Mucoadhesive Cationic Polypeptide Nanogel with Enhanced Penetration for Efficient Intravesical Chemotherapy of Bladder Cancer
Authors: Guo Hui , Li Faping , Xu Weiguo , Chen Jinjin , Hou Yuchuan , Wang Chunxi , Ding Jianxun , Chen Xuesi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractInitially, chemotherapy is effective for treatment of bladder cancer after transurethral resection of the bladder. However, certain patients progressively become unresponsive after multiple treatment cycles, which results from the rapid and almost complete excretion of clinically used formulations of antineoplastic agents with urinary voiding. Improving the mucoadhesiveness and penetrability of chemotherapeutic drugs are key factors in treatment of advanced bladder cancer. Here, a smart disulfide‐crosslinked polypeptide nanogel of poly(l‐lysine)–poly(l‐phenylalanine‐co‐l‐cystine) (PLL–P(LP‐co‐LC)) is developed to deliver 10‐hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) for treatment of orthotopic bladder cancer. The positively charged PLL–P(LP‐co‐LC) can significantly prolong the retention period and enhance the tissue permeability of HCPT within the bladder wall of rat. Moreover, the reduction‐responsive polypeptide nanogel (i.e., NG/HCPT) possesses the capability to accurately and rapidly deliver HCPT in bladder cancer cells. NG/HCPT can significantly inhibit proliferation of human bladder cancer 5637 cells in vitro and enhance antitumor activity toward an orthotopic rat bladder cancer model in vivo. This work demonstrates that the smart polypeptide nanogel may function as a promising drug‐delivery system for local chemotherapy of bladder cancer with unprecedented clinical benefits.
Wide‐area Stabiliser on Sliding Mode Control for Cross‐area Power Systems with Random Delay and Packet Dropouts
Authors: Li Meng , Chen Yong 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn recent years, with the development of different types of new energy sources, cross‐area power systems (CAPS), whose purpose is to maintain reasonable distribution and power sharing among different areas, have gained great attention. In this paper, aimed at CAPS with random delay and packet dropouts in the process of data transmission, a novel wide‐area stabiliser on sliding mode control (SMC) is designed. Such stabilisers mainly includes two parts: the design of the wide‐area controller and compensation of the communication constraints. First, a new sliding mode switching function is proposed for designing the wide‐area controller. Then, the networked predictive control (NPC) algorithm based on the designed controller is used to compensate the network‐induced delay and packet dropouts in CAPS. Furthermore, the stability of the close‐loop error system is proved. Finally, one three‐area power system is employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods. The results verify that the stabiliser designed in this paper is reasonable and effective.
Existence of Optimal Mild Solutions and Controllability of Fractional Impulsive Stochastic Partial Integro‐Differential Equations with Infinite Delay
Authors: Yan Zuomao , Jia Xiumei 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate a new class of fractional impulsive stochastic partial integro‐differential equations with infinite delay in Hilbert spaces. By using the stochastic analysis theory, fractional calculus, analytic α‐resolvent operator and the fixed point technique combined with fractional powers of closed operators, we firstly give the existence of of mild solutions and optimal mild solutions for the these equations. Next, the controllability of the controlled fractional impulsive stochastic partial integro‐differential systems with not instantaneous impulses is presented. Finally, examples are also given to illustrate our results.
1,2,4‐trihydroxynaphthalene‐2‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside delays amyloid‐β42 aggregation and reduces amyloid cytotoxicity
Authors: Dhouafli Zohra , Leri Manuela , Bucciantini Monica , Stefani Massimo , Gadhoumi Hamza , Mahjoub Borhane , Ben Jannet Hichem , Guillard Jérôme , Ksouri Riadh , Saidani Tounsi Moufida , Soto Claudio , Hayouni El Akrem 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPresently, misfolding and aggregation of amyloid‐β42 (Aβ42) are considered early events in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. The use of natural products to inhibit the aggregation process and to protect cells from cytotoxicity of early aggregate grown at the onset of the aggregation path is one of the promising strategies against AD. Recently, we have purified a new powerful antioxidant and inhibitor of Aβ42 aggregation from the leaves of Lawsonia inermis. The new compound was identified as a new Lawsoniaside; 1,2,4‐trihydroxynaphthalene‐2‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (THNG). Herein, we show that THNG interferes with Aβ42 aggregation, inhibits its conformational change to a β‐sheet‐rich structure, decreases its polymerization into large fibrillar species, reduces oxidative stress, and aggregate cytotoxicity. These results indicate that THNG has great potential as a neuroprotective and therapeutic agent against AD. © 2018 BioFactors, 44(3):272–280, 2018
Effects of a zoonotic pathogen, Borrelia burgdorferi, on the behavior of a key reservoir host
Authors: Ostfeld Richard S. , Brisson Dustin , Oggenfuss Kelly , Devine Jill , Levy Michael Z. , Keesing Felicia 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMost emerging infectious diseases of humans are transmitted to humans from other animals. The transmission of these “zoonotic” pathogens is affected by the abundance and behavior of their wildlife hosts. However, the effects of infection with zoonotic pathogens on behavior of wildlife hosts, particularly those that might propagate through ecological communities, are not well understood. Borrelia burgdorferi is a bacterium that causes Lyme disease, the most common vector‐borne disease in the USA and Europe. In its North American range, the pathogen is most frequently transmitted among hosts through the bite of infected blacklegged ticks (Ixodes scapularis). Using sham and true vaccines, we experimentally manipulated infection load with this zoonotic pathogen in its most competent wildlife reservoir host, the white‐footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus, and quantified the effects of infection on mouse foraging behavior, as well as levels of mouse infestation with ticks. Mice treated with the true vaccine had 20% fewer larval blacklegged ticks infesting them compared to mice treated with the sham vaccine, a significant difference. We observed a nonsignificant trend for mice treated with the true vaccine to be more likely to visit experimental foraging trays (20%–30% effect size) and to prey on gypsy moth pupae (5%–20% effect size) compared to mice treated with the sham vaccine. We observed no difference between mice on true‐ versus sham‐vaccinated grids in risk‐averse foraging. Infection with this zoonotic pathogen appears to elicit behavioral changes that might reduce self‐grooming, but other behaviors were affected subtly or not at all. High titers of B. burgdorferi in mice could elicit a self‐reinforcing feedback loop in which reduced grooming increases tick burdens and hence exposure to tick‐borne pathogens.
Trait and phylogenetic diversity provide insights into community assembly of reef‐associated shrimps (Palaemonidae) at different spatial scales across the Chagos Archipelago
Authors: Head Catherine E. I. , Koldewey Heather , Pavoine Sandrine , Pratchett Morgan S. , Rogers Alex D. , Taylor Michelle L. , Bonsall Michael B. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCoral reefs are the most biodiverse marine ecosystem and one of the most threatened by global climate change impacts. The vast majority of diversity on reefs is comprised of small invertebrates that live within the reef structure, termed the cryptofauna. This component of biodiversity is hugely understudied, and many species remain undescribed. This study represents a rare analysis of assembly processes structuring a distinct group of cryptofauna, the Palaemonidae, in the Chagos Archipelago, a reef ecosystem under minimal direct human impacts in the central Indian Ocean. The Palaemonidae are a diverse group of Caridae (infraorder of shrimps) that inhabit many different niches on coral reefs and are of particular interest because of their varied habitat associations. Phylogenetic and trait diversity and phylogenetic signal were used to infer likely drivers of community structure. The mechanisms driving palaemonid community assembly and maintenance in the Chagos Archipelago showed distinct spatial patterns. At local scales, among coral colonies and among reefs fringing individual atolls, significant trait, and phylogenetic clustering patterns suggest environmental filtering may be a dominant ecological process driving Palaemonidae community structure, although local competition through equalizing mechanisms may also play a role in shaping the local community structure. Importantly, we also tested the robustness of phylogenetic diversity to changes in evolutionary information as multi‐gene phylogenies are resource intensive and for large families, such as the Palaemonidae, are often incomplete. These tests demonstrated a very modest impact on phylogenetic community structure, with only one of the four genes (PEPCKgene) in the phylogeny affecting phylogenetic diversity patterns, which provides useful information for future studies on large families with incomplete phylogenies. These findings contribute to our limited knowledge of this component of biodiversity in a marine locality as close to undisturbed by humans as can be found. It also provides a rare evaluation of phylogenetic diversity methods.
Competition matters: Determining the drivers of land snail community assembly among limestone karst areas in northern Vietnam
Authors: von Oheimb Parm Viktor , von Oheimb Katharina C. M. , Hirano Takahiro , Do Tu Van , Luong Hao Van , Ablett Jonathan , Pham Sang Van , Naggs Fred 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe insular limestone karsts of northern Vietnam harbor a very rich biodiversity. Many taxa are strongly associated with these environments, and individual species communities can differ considerably among karst areas. The exact processes that have shaped the biotic composition of these habitats, however, remain largely unknown. In this study, the role of two major processes for the assembly of snail communities on limestone karsts was investigated, interspecific competition and filtering of taxa due to geographical factors. Communities of operculate land snails of the genusCyclophoruswere studied using the dry and fluid‐preserved specimen collections of the Natural History Museum, London. Phylogenetic distances (based on a Bayesian analysis usingDNAsequence data) and shell characters (based on 200 semilandmarks) were used as proxies for ecological similarity and were analyzed to reveal patterns of overdispersion (indicating competition) or clustering (indicating filtering) in observed communities compared to random communities. Among the seven studied karst areas, a total of 15Cyclophoruslineages were found. Unique communities were present in each area. The analyses revealed phylogenetic overdispersion in six and morphological overdispersion in four of seven karst areas. The pattern of frequent phylogenetic overdispersion indicated that competition among lineages is the major process shaping theCyclophoruscommunities studied. The Coastal Area, which was phylogenetically overdispersed, showed a clear morphological clustering, which could have been caused by similar ecological adaptations among taxa in this environment. Only the community in the Cuc Phuong Area showed a pattern of phylogenetic clustering, which was partly caused by an absence of a certain, phylogenetically very distinct group in this region. Filtering due to geographical factors could have been involved here. This study shows how museum collections can be used to examine community assembly and contributes to the understanding of the processes that have shaped karst communities in Vietnam.
Effect of suspended solids and its role on struvite formation from digested manure
Authors: Tarragó Elena , Sciarria Tommy Pepè , Ruscalleda Maël , Colprim Jesus , Balaguer Maria D , Adani Fabrizio , Puig Sebastià 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDPhosphorus (P) resources are limited, and to assure its supply, efforts must be focused on P‐recovery rather than its removal. In this sense, manure is a mining opportunity for nutrient recovery, for example, when recovered as struvite. However, manure treatment is challenging due to its characteristics, such as the solids content, one of the main hindrances to struvite formation. Many researchers have setablished a limit value of 1 g of total suspended solids (TSS)·L−1 to avoid interferences with struvite precipitation. Despite this, few studies have focused on the effect of solids on struvite formation.RESULTSThis study identified the role of solids in struvite nucleation and growth, and its interaction. The viability of struvite recovery from digested manure is ensured, even at high concentrations of solids (from 1 to 3 g TSS L−1), recovering more than 95% of the phosphorus as struvite. The results showed that solids not only did not interfere on struvite formation, but also played an important role during struvite crystallization, acting as nuclei favoring heterogeneous nucleation.CONCLUSIONSSuspended particles favored the aggregation and/or agglomeration of struvite crystals, forming crystal nets and recovering bigger crystalline structures. The presence of solids on the recovered product might be beneficial for meeting crop demands and maintaining or restoring soil fertility, while applying an excellent slow‐release fertilizer. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Reduction Behavior of Dolomite-Fluxed Magnetite: Coke Composite Pellets at 1573 K (1300 °C)
Authors: Park Hyunsik , Sohn Il , TSALAPATIS John , Sahajwalla Veena 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
High-temperature behavior of magnetite—coke composite pellet fluxed with dolomite was investigated by customized thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) at 1573 K (1300 °C). The overall reaction was influenced by C/O ratio and dolomite content. The reduction was accelerated by increased amount of dolomite, while the samples with higher C/O ratio showed the improved reduction degree. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of reduced pellet showed the phase changes of the iron oxides. Noticeable iron peaks were observed when the sample reached the final stage of reduction. CO and CO2 gases released from the reaction were measured by Infrared (IR) gas analyzer. Relation between enhanced reducibility of pellets and larger CO gas evolution from the Boudouard reaction was confirmed from the analysis. Compressive strengths were studied for the practical assessment of reduced pellets. Samples with low-reduction degree showed better physical property. Excessive amount of dolomite also deteriorated the integrity of pellets.
Growing Wealth Gaps in Education
Authors: Pfeffer Fabian T. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPrior research on trends in educational inequality has focused chiefly on changing gaps in educational attainment by family income or parental occupation. In contrast, this contribution provides the first assessment of trends in educational attainment by family wealth and suggests that we should be at least as concerned about growing wealth gaps in education. Despite overall growth in educational attainment and some signs of decreasing wealth gaps in high school attainment and college access, I find a large and rapidly increasing wealth gap in college attainment between cohorts born in the 1970s and 1980s, respectively. This growing wealth gap in higher educational attainment co-occurred with a rise in inequality in children’s wealth backgrounds, although the analyses also suggest that the latter does not fully account for the former. Nevertheless, the results reported here raise concerns about the distribution of educational opportunity among today’s children who grow up in a context of particularly extreme wealth inequality.
A Comprehensive Review of Tourette Syndrome and Complementary Alternative Medicine
Authors: Kumar Ashutosh , Duda L. , Mainali G. , Asghar S. , Byler D. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neuropsychiatric condition defined by both motor and phonic tics over a period of at least 1 year with the onset before 18 years of age. The purpose of this article is to review the use of complementary alternative medicine (CAM) in children and adults with Tourette syndrome with emphasis on recent research.

Recent Findings
Most patients do not tell their physician about the use of CAM unless if specifically asked. Of the studies reviewed, description of the treatment and the frequency of use were most often reported. Few studies examine the role or effectiveness of CAM in the treatment of TS specifically.

Summary
Practitioners should be aware of current research regarding various CAM modalities used for TS patients, including efficacy, potential adverse effects, and interactions with medications. Robust data about the use of CAM, efficacy, and potential side effects is lacking and requires further research to clarify optimal use.
The longitudinal association between cognitive control capacities, suicidality, and depression during late adolescence and young adulthood
Authors: Crandall AliceAnn , Allsop Yvonne , Hanson Carl L. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTThis study examined the association between cognitive control capacities, suicidal thoughts and attempts, and depressive symptoms during late adolescence and young adulthood. The sample included 4192 participants (55.5% female) from the United States who participated in Waves III (2001–2002; respondent age 18–26 years) and IV (2007–2008; respondent age 24–33 years) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Suicidality in late adolescence predicted depressive symptoms in young adulthood. Depressive symptoms were not predictive of later suicide ideation nor attempts. Working memory was associated with lower depressive symptoms. Higher verbal ability was associated with more suicidal thoughts but not attempts. Internal locus of control was associated with decreased depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts/attempts in young adulthood. Findings suggest that cognitive control capacities developed in adolescence differentially predict depressive symptoms, suicidal thoughts, and suicide attempts in young adulthood.
Multidrug ResistantAcinetobacter baumanii: A 15-Year Trend Analysis
Authors: Russell Dana L. , Uslan Daniel Z. , Rubin Zachary A. , Grogan Tristan R. , Martin Elise M. 
Published: March 2018

From 2000 to 2009, rates of multidrug-resistantAcinetobacter baumaniiincreased 10-fold to 0.2 per 1,000 patient days. From 2010 to 2015, however, rates markedly declined and have stayed below 0.05 per 1,000 patient days. Herein, we present a 15-year trend analysis and discuss interventions that may have led to the decline.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2018;39:608–611
Impact of Discontinuing Contact Precautions for Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusand Vancomycin-ResistantEnterococcus: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis
Authors: Bearman Gonzalo , Abbas Salma , Masroor Nadia , Sanogo Kakotan , Vanhoozer Ginger , Cooper Kaila , Doll Michelle , Stevens Michael P. , Edmond Michael B. 
Published: March 2018

OBJECTIVETo investigate the impact of discontinuing contact precautions among patients infected or colonized with methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) or vancomycin-resistantEnterococcus(VRE) on rates of healthcare-associated infection (HAI). DESIGN. Single-center, quasi-experimental study conducted between 2011 and 2016.METHODSWe employed an interrupted time series design to evaluate the impact of 7 horizontal infection prevention interventions across intensive care units (ICUs) and hospital wards at an 865-bed urban, academic medical center. These interventions included (1) implementation of a urinary catheter bundle in January 2011, (2) chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) perineal care outside ICUs in June 2011, (3) hospital-wide CHG bathing outside of ICUs in March 2012, (4) discontinuation of contact precautions in April 2013 for MRSA and VRE, (5) assessments and feedback with bare below the elbows (BBE) and contact precautions in August 2014, (6) implementation of an ultraviolet-C disinfection robot in March 2015, and (7) 72-hour automatic urinary catheter discontinuation orders in March 2016. Segmented regression modeling was performed to assess the changes in the infection rates attributable to the interventions.RESULTSThe rate of HAI declined throughout the study period. Infection rates for MRSA and VRE decreased by 1.31 (P=.76) and 6.25 (P=.21) per 100,000 patient days, respectively, and the infection rate decreased by 2.44 per 10,000 patient days (P=.23) for device-associated HAI following discontinuation of contact precautions.CONCLUSIONThe discontinuation of contact precautions for patients infected or colonized with MRSA or VRE, when combined with horizontal infection prevention measures was not associated with an increased incidence of MRSA and VRE device-associated infections. This approach may represent a safe and cost-effective strategy for managing these patients.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2018;39:676–682