bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of personal relationships in supply chain disruptions: Perspectives from buyers and suppliers of logistics services
Authors: Rood Carla , Van den Berg Deon , Niemann Wesley , Meyer Arno 
Published: September 2018

Orientation: Firms can no longer rely on their own internal capabilities to operate in dynamic business environments but rather depend on buyer–supplier relationships to resolve and survive supply chain disruptions.Research purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the underlying role of personal buyer–supplier relationships in a supply chain disruption context.Motivation for the study: Previous research studies have focussed solely on the role of business relationships in a supply chain disruption context, while neglecting personal relationships.Research design, approach and method: A generic qualitative research strategy was used for this purpose. Eighteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine buyers and nine suppliers of logistics services who were involved in personal relationships during supply chain disruptions.Main findings: The findings of this study indicate the attributes that must be present for a personal relationship to form in a supply chain disruption context, along with the various advantages and disadvantages that are derived from personal relationships in times of supply chain disruption.Practical/managerial implications: For managers, this study identifies various attributes, advantages and disadvantages of personal relationships in supply chain disruptions, therefore equipping managers to extract value from personal relationships in supply chain disruptions.Contribution/value-add: Academically, this study expands the literature by being one of the first empirical studies to conduct research on the role of buyer–supplier personal relationships in the third-party logistics supply chain disruption context.
Justice on the Western Frontier: The Death Penalty in Pre-Industrial Pittsburgh, 1754–1840
Authors: Lofquist William S. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
With an execution moratorium in place, no executions this century, and declining public and political support, the death penalty is moribund in Pennsylvania. As it moves into history, this research documents and analyzes the history of the death penalty in Allegheny County. Focusing on the earliest chapter of that history, the pre-industrial era, two major patterns are observed. First is the role of the death penalty in early efforts to establish and legitimize federal, state, and military authority. Second, as that statemaking project brought a stable civil society into being, use of the death penalty focused more on protecting social relations.
The influence of nurses job dissatisfaction on adoption of Magnet status within hospitals
Authors: Manea Sawsan , Johnson Jessie , Wolsey Carolyn 
Published: September 2018

Background: Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC) has a goal to achieve Magnet designation. Magnet status is a worldwide international award given to hospitals which demonstrate excellent quality of patient care, innovative professional nursing practices and effective nurse recruitment and retention patterns. To date, only 3 other hospitals in the Middle East have achieved this recognition; two in Saudi Arabia and one in Lebanon. Achieving Magnet status is highly influenced by nurses’ job satisfaction and commitment to their organization.Purpose: A literature review was used to identify factors contributing to nurses’ job dissatisfaction that may impede the adoption of the Magnet Program at HMC hospitals in Qatar.Findings: Five themes emerged from the review of literature representing the predominant factors that influence nurses’ job dissatisfaction. They include: (1) nurse staffing; (2) work and professional practice environments; (3) work relationships; (4) management styles; (5) professional development and career advancement opportunities.Conclusions: Understanding the factors contributing to nurses’ job dissatisfaction is essential in order to identify barriers which may impede the achievement of a Magnet hospital designation.
Validation of Patient-reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Computer Adaptive Tests in Lumbar Disk Herniation Surgery
Authors: Bhatt Surabhi , Boody Barrett S. , Savage Jason W. , Hsu Wellington K. , Rothrock Nan E. , Patel Alpesh A. 
Published: September 2018

Introduction:
Inadequate validation, floor/ceiling effects, and time constraints limit utilization of standardized patient-reported outcome measures. We aimed to validate Patient-reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) computer adaptive tests (CATs) for patients treated surgically for a lumbar disk herniation.

Methods:
PROMIS, CATs, Oswestry Disability Index, and Short Form-12 measures were administered to 78 patients treated with lumbar microdiskectomy for symptomatic disk herniation with radiculopathy.

Results:
PROMIS CATs demonstrated convergent validity with legacy measures; PROMIS scores were moderately to highly correlated with the Oswestry Disability Index and Short Form-12 physical component scores (r = 0.41 and 0.78, respectively). PROMIS CATs demonstrated similar responsiveness to change compared with legacy measures. On average, the PROMIS CATs were completed in 2.3 minutes compared with 5.7 minutes for legacy measures.

Discussion:
The PROMIS CATs demonstrate convergent and known groups' validity and are comparable in responsiveness to legacy measures. These results suggest similar utility and improved efficiency of PROMIS CATs compared with legacy measures.

Levels of Evidence:
Level II
Antifouling Super Water Absorbent Supramolecular Polymer Hydrogel as an Artificial Vitreous Body
Authors: Wang Hongbo , Wu Yuanhao , Cui Chunyan , Yang Jianhai , Liu Wenguang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRecently, there has been a high expectation that high water absorbent hydrogels can be developed as an artificial vitreous body. However, the drawbacks associated with in vivo instability, biofouling, uncontrollable in situ reaction time, and injection‐induced precrosslinked fragmentation preclude their genuine use as vitreous substitutes. Here, a supramolecular binary copolymer hydrogel termed as PNAGA‐PCBAA by copolymerization of N‐acryloyl glycinamide (NAGA) and carboxybetaine acrylamide (CBAA) is prepared. This PNAGA‐PCBAA hydrogel physically crosslinked by dual amide hydrogen bonds of NAGA exhibits an ultralow solid content (1.6, 98.4 wt% water content), and shear‐thinning behavior, body temperature extrudability/self‐healability, rapid network recoverability, and very close key parameters (modulus, antifouling/antifibrosis, light transmittance, refractive index, ultrastability) to human vitreous body. It is demonstrated that the hydrogel can be readily injected by a 22G needle into the rabbits' eyes where the gelling network is rapidly recovered. After 16 weeks postoperation, the hydrogel acts as a very stable vitreous substitute without affecting the structure of soft tissues in eye, or eliciting adverse effects. This supramolecular binary copolymer hydrogel finds a broad application in ophthalmic fields as not only a self‐recoverable permanent vitreous substitute, but also transient intraocular filling for prevention of inner tissues in postsurgical eyes.
Is It Learning or Scutwork? Medical Students Adding Value in the Emergency Department
Authors: Griffith Max , Santen Sally A. , Allan Jack , Leumas Jordan , Grace Kelsey , Lewis Nathan , Peterson William J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn busy emergency departments (EDs), it can be difficult for faculty to teach students amid pressure to provide patient care and conduct research. As a result, medical student teaching may be an afterthought rather than a priority, and there is a lack of focus on how students spend their time during clinical shifts in the ED. Students want to contribute to departmental workflow, but can be hampered by systems limitations and lack of clinical knowledge. One solution is for faculty and medical students to partner to add value to patient care in the ED. However, faculty and students must be wary of the distinction between activities that add value and “scutwork,” tasks that involve little learning and do not require medical expertise.In this perspective, the student, resident, and faculty authors discuss learner and educator perspectives for how medical students can be productive contributors to patient care in the ED without being subjected to scutwork. They also recommend ideas for productive student activities that promote learning, contrasted with examples of scutwork to avoid. Definitions of value‐added activities and scutwork depend on the learner's experience level and interests and are subject to debate. However, if medical students can be engaged in learning while also providing meaningful contributions to patient care, students, educators, and patients stand to benefit.
Profile of the ORION (Osaka emergency information Research Intelligent Operation Network system) between 2015 and 2016 in Osaka, Japan: a population‐based registry of emergency patients with both ambulance and in‐hospital records
Authors: Okamoto Jun , Katayama Yusuke , Kitamura Tetsuhisa , Sado Junya , Nakamura Ryuta , Kimura Nobuhiro , Misaki Hirotsugu , Yamao Shinpei , Nakao Shota , Nitta Masahiko , Iwami Taku , Fujimi Satoshi , Kuwagata Yasuyuki , Shimazu Takeshi , Matsuoka Tetsuya 
Published: September 2018

AimTo describe the registry design of the Osaka Emergency Information Research Intelligent Operation Network system (ORION) and its profile of hospital information, patient and emergency medical service characteristics, and in‐hospital outcomes among all patients transported to critical care centers and emergency hospitals in Osaka Prefecture, Japan.MethodsThe Osaka Prefecture Government has developed and introduced an information system for emergency patients (the ORION system) that uses a smartphone application (app) for hospital selection by on‐scene emergency medical service personnel and has been accumulating all ambulance records. Since January 2015, medical institutions have obtained information on the diagnosis and outcome of patients transported to medical institutions, and the ORION system merged these data with ambulance records including smartphone app data.ResultsFrom January 2015 to December 2016, 753,301 eligible patients were registered. The mean age was 58.7 years, and 51.5% of patients were male. After hospital arrival, 39.7% were hospitalized, 58.2% were discharged from hospital, 1.1% changed hospital, and 1.0% died. The most common diagnoses were injury, poisoning, and certain other consequences of external causes. Among the hospitalized patients, 29.2% were continuously hospitalized, 59.0% discharged, 5.2% changed hospital, and 5.8% were dead at 21 days after hospitalization. The most common confirmed diagnosis was diseases of the circulatory system.ConclusionUsing the ORION system developed and operated by Osaka Prefecture since January 2015, we described the epidemiological data of all emergency patients transported to emergency hospitals. Analysis using the ORION database in the future could lead to improvements in the emergency transport system and patient outcomes.
Closed‐form variance estimator for weighted propensity score estimators with survival outcome
Authors: Hajage David , Chauvet Guillaume , Belin Lisa , Lafourcade Alexandre , Tubach Florence , De Rycke Yann 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPropensity score (PS) methods are widely used in observational studies for evaluating marginal treatment effects. PS‐weighting is a popular PS‐based method that allows for estimating both the average treatment effect on the overall population (ATE) and the average treatment effect on the treated population (ATT). Previous research has shown that the variance of the treatment effect is accurately estimated only if the variance estimator takes into account the fact that the propensity score is itself estimated from the available data in a first step of the analysis. In 2016, Austin showed that the bootstrap‐based variance estimator was the only existing estimator resulting in approximately correct estimates of standard errors when evaluating a survival outcome and a Cox model was used to estimate a marginal hazard ratio (HR). This author stressed the need to develop a closed‐form variance estimator of the marginal HR accounting for the estimation of the PS. In the present research, we developed such variance estimators both for the ATE and ATT. We evaluated their performance with an extensive simulation study and compared them to bootstrap‐based variance estimators and to naive variance estimators that do not account for the estimation step. We found that the performance of the proposed variance estimators was similar to that of the bootstrap‐based estimators. The proposed variance estimators provide an alternative to the bootstrap estimator, particularly interesting in situations in which time‐consumption and/or reproducibility are an important issue. An implementation has been developed for the R software and is freely available (package hrIPW).
Interdisciplinary recognizing and managing of drug‐induced tardive oromandibular dystonia: two case reports
Authors: Bakke Merete , Henriksen Tove , Biernat Heidi Bryde , Dalager Torben , Møller Eigild 
Published: September 2018

Key Clinical MessageTardive dystonia is a risk factor in medical antipsychotic treatment. It often begins with repetitive involuntary jaw and tongue movements resulting in impaired chewing and detrimental effect on the dentition. The orofacial dysfunction may go unrecognized in a neurological setting. The diagnosis may be difficult so we suggest interdisciplinary collaboration.
Enantioselective Electrophilic Cyanation of Boron Enolates: Scope and Mechanistic Studies
Authors: Nagata Takaya , Tamaki Atsuko , Kiyokawa Kensuke , Tsutsumi Ryosuke , Yamanaka Masahiro , Minakata Satoshi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractChiral β‐ketonitriles bearing a stereogenic carbon center at the α‐position are an important class of compounds, many of which serve as useful synthetic intermediates for the preparation of chiral 1,3‐aminoalcohols, β‐hydroxy nitriles, and related derivatives. Although the enantioselective electrophilic cyanation of enolate equivalents is one of the most promising approaches for the synthesis of chiral β‐ketonitriles, the available methods are largely limited to reactions of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds. Herein, we report on enantioselective electrophilic cyanation of boron enolates, which are readily prepared from α,β‐unsaturated ketones and diisopinocampheylborane (Ipc2BH) to afford chiral β‐ketonitriles with a high level of enantioselectivity. The present method is scalable and provides facile access to both enantiomers of chiral β‐ketonitriles. Analysis of the in situ generated boron enolates by NMR revealed that hydroboration proceeds in a stereospecific manner, providing α,α‐disubstituted boron enolates in the form of single isomers. Furthermore, the results of DFT calculations suggest that the cyanation of the boron enolates with p‐toluenesulfonyl cyanide (TsCN) proceeds in a highly enantioselective manner through a unique six‐membered ring transition state.
Palladium‐Catalyzed C(sp3)−H Arylation of Primary Amines Using a Catalytic Alkyl Acetal to Form a Transient Directing Group
Authors: St John‐Campbell Sahra , Ou Alex K. , Bull James A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractC−H Functionalization of amines is a prominent challenge due to the strong complexation of amines to transition metal catalysts, and therefore typically requires derivatization at nitrogen with a directing group. Transient directing groups (TDGs) permit C−H functionalization in a single operation, without needing these additional steps for directing group installation and removal. Here we report a palladium catalyzed γ‐C−H arylation of amines using catalytic amounts of alkyl acetals as transient activators (e.g. commercially available (2,2‐dimethoxyethoxy)benzene). This simple additive enables arylation of amines with a wide range of aryl iodides. Key structural features of the novel TDG are examined, demonstrating an important role for the masked carbonyl and ether functionalities. Detailed kinetic (RPKA) and mechanistic investigations determine the order in all reagents, and identify cyclopalladation as the turnover limiting step. Finally, the discovery of an unprecedented off‐cycle free‐amine directed ϵ‐cyclopalladation of the arylation product is reported.
Synthesis, Antiviral Activity, and Structure–Activity Relationship of 1,3‐Benzodioxolyl Pyrrole‐Based Entry Inhibitors Targeting the Phe43 Cavity in HIV‐1 gp120
Authors: Curreli Francesca , Belov Dmitry S. , Ahmed Shahad , Ramesh Ranjith R. , Kurkin Alexander V. , Altieri Andrea , Debnath Asim K. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe pathway by which HIV‐1 enters host cells is a prime target for novel drug discovery because of its critical role in the life cycle of HIV‐1. The HIV‐1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 plays an important role in initiating virus entry by targeting the primary cell receptor CD4. We explored the substitution of bulky molecular groups in region I in the NBD class of entry inhibitors. Previous attempts at bulky substituents in that region abolished antiviral activity, even though the binding site is hydrophobic. We synthesized a series of entry inhibitors containing the 1,3‐benzodioxolyl moiety or its bioisostere, 2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole. The introduction of the bulkier groups was well tolerated, and despite only minor improvements in antiviral activity, the selectivity index of these compounds improved significantly.
Reaching 80% human papillomavirus vaccination prevalence by 2026: How many adolescents need to be vaccinated and what are their characteristics?
Authors: Fedewa Stacey A. , Preiss Alexander J. , Fisher‐Borne Marcie , Goding Sauer Ann , Jemal Ahmedin , Saslow Debbie 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundHuman papillomavirus vaccination (HPVV) prevents several types of cancer. The American Cancer Society recently established a goal that by 2026, 80% of adolescents will be up to date (UTD) before their 13th birthday. However, the number in need of vaccination to reach this goal is unknown. This study estimated the number of additional adolescents (11‐12 years old) who need HPVV for 80% prevalence to be reached by 2026.MethodsThe study used de‐identified and publicly available data and exempt from institutional review board approval and informed consent. The 2016 National Immunization Survey for Teens was used to estimate the baseline HPVV prevalence. Linear growth to 80% HPVV prevalence by 2026 was applied to set intermediate targets. US Census Bureau data were used for population projections. This study estimated the cumulative number of additional adolescents 11 to 12 years old who would need to become UTD (ie, receive 2 doses) by first subtracting the number who would need to be vaccinated to achieve an intermediate target prevalence from the estimated number currently compliant and then summing these numbers between 2018 and 2026.ResultsNationwide, an additional 7.62 million males (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.78 million to 8.40 million) and an additional 6.77 million females (95% CI, 5.95 million to 7.55 million), aged 11 to 12 years, would need to receive 2 doses of the vaccine between 2018 and 2026 for 80% prevalence to be achieved. Most adolescents not UTD (80%) also needed to initiate vaccination, and more than 90% recently visited a health care provider.ConclusionsIt is estimated that at least 14.39 million additional adolescents aged 11 to 12 years in the United States will need to receive 2 doses of HPVV for a UTD HPVV prevalence of 80% to be achieved by 2026. To reach this goal, improvements in facilitators of HPVV initiation, including physician recommendations and parental acceptability, are needed.
Ultrastructural and optogenetic dissection of V1 corticotectal terminal synaptic properties
Authors: Masterson S. P. , Zhou N. , Akers B. K. , Dang W. , Bickford M. E. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe superior colliculus (SC) is a major site of sensorimotor integration in which sensory inputs are processed to initiate appropriate motor responses. Projections from the primary visual cortex (V1) to the SC have been shown to exert a substantial influence on visually induced behavior, including “freezing.” However, it is unclear how V1 corticotectal terminals affect SC circuits to mediate these effects. To investigate this, we used anatomical and optogenetic techniques to examine the synaptic properties of V1 corticotectal terminals. Electron microscopy revealed that V1 corticotectal terminals labeled by anterograde transport primarily synapse (93%) on dendrites that do not contain gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA). This preference was confirmed using optogenetic techniques to photoactivate V1 corticotectal terminals in slices of the SC maintained in vitro. In a mouse line in which GABAergic SC interneurons express green fluorescent protein (GFP), few GFP‐labeled cells (11%) responded to activation of corticotectal terminals. In contrast, 67% of non‐GABAergic cells responded to activation of V1 corticotectal terminals. Biocytin‐labeling of recorded neurons revealed that wide‐field vertical (WFV) and non‐WFV cells were activated by V1 corticotectal inputs. However, WFV cells were activated in the most uniform manner; 85% of these cells responded with excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) that maintained stable amplitudes when activated with light trains at 1–20 Hz. In contrast, in the majority of non‐WFV cells, the amplitude of evoked EPSPs varied across trials. Our results suggest that V1 corticotectal projections may initiate freezing behavior via uniform activation of the WFV cells, which project to the pulvinar nucleus.
Deep hypothermia reverses behavioral and histological alterations in a rat model of perinatal asphyxia
Authors: Vázquez‐Borsetti Pablo , Peña Elena , Rojo Yanina , Acuña Andrés , Loidl Fabián C. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe consequences of perinatal asphyxia (PA) include alterations which may manifest as schizophrenia. Characteristic features of this disease include a decrease in specific subpopulations of GABAergic cells and deterioration of social interaction. The purpose of this study is to assess if a deep and short‐hypothermic treatment can ameliorate this damage in a model of PA. Rats offsprings were exposed to 19 min of asphyxia by immersing the uterus horns in water at 37 °C followed by 30 min in air at 10 °C that resulted in 15 °C body temperature. At postnatal day 36–38, the rats were tested in the open field and social interaction paradigms and processed for immunostaining of calbindin and reelin. A brief exposure to deep hypothermia reversed the deterioration produced by PA in play soliciting. PA decreased the density of calbindin neurons in layer II of the Anterior Insular Cortex, while deep hypothermia reversed this effect. Paradoxically, in AIC, there was a significant increase in the number of reelin‐secreting neurons in layers II and III generated by PA and this increase was reversed by hypothermia. This suggests a compensatory mechanism, where reelin neurons trend to compensate for the loss of calbindin neurons, at least within Anterior Insular Cortex. Finally, the deep hypothermic shock might represent a valuable therapeutic alternative to treat PA.