bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biotransformation of Monoterpenes by Polyurethane Foam-Immobilized Cells of Petroselinum crispum (Mill) Nyman
Authors: Gbolade A. A. , Lockwood G. B. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Cells of Petroselinum crispum cv. “Paramount” and “Plain-leaved” immobilized in polyurethane foam retained the biotransformational characteristics of their freely suspended cells for certain monoterpenic substrates. Immobilized cells of both cultivars were more efficient than their free cells in isomerizing geraniol into nerol, but less efficient (<60% ) in reducing the aldehydes, citral and citronellal. Maintenance of the immobilized cells under the condition of growth limitation did not enhance the efficiency of the biochemical reactions. Under the same condition, the freely suspended cells of cult. “Paramount” exhibited higher efficiency (up to 1.6 times) of biotransformation of citral when compared to those in sucrose-supplemented media. This investigation lends support to the view that the biochemical productivity of cultured plant cells for especially monoterpenoids may not necessarily be improved upon immobilization.
The Presence of Malate Dehydrogenase in Thylakoids of Anabaena cylindrical Nostoc muscorum and Chlorogloeopsis fritschii
Authors: Sallal A.-K. J. , Nimer N. A. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The location of malate dehydrogenase in the cyanobacteria, Anabaena cylindrica, Nostoc muscorum and Chlorogloeopsis fritschii was investigated by the fractionation of cell-free extracts. The bulk of the enzyme activity was associated with the thylakoid membrane fraction, which also exhibited complete photosynthetic electron transport reactions. Malate dehydrogenase activity and photosystem II activities were inhibited by homologous antisera raised against isolated thylakoid membranes.
Light-Induced Activation and Synchronization of the Cytochrome P-450 Dependent Monooxygenase System
Authors: Häberle W. , Gruler H. , Dutkowski Ph. , Müller-Enoch D. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The light-induced enhancement of the 7-ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase activity was measured in a reconstituted system, consisting of the enzyme P-450PB-B and the NADPH -cytochrome P-450 reductase. The relative increase of the activity was about 15%. It is shown that the product release process is accelerated by light. The phases of the catalytic cycle of 2 x 1012 protein complexes were locked by periodic application of light pulses (0.1 s duration, 1.32 s repetition time, and 390 -470 nm, 0.27 joule/nmol P-450). More than 80% of the active reconstituted enzyme complexes (= “molecular machines”) worked in phase after a few light pulses. The phase relation continued even after switching off the light pulses. The catalytic cycle time was 1.54 s, giving a turnover number of 39 min-1. The turnover number, as determined from the enzyme activity under optimum conditions, was 39 min-1. Due to the dissociation constant of the P-450PB-B:NADPH - P-450 reductase complexes [3] only 24% of the proteins were in the active (= working) state under the conditions used. The lifetime of this complexes is larger than 6 s since more than 4 cycles of the free running enzyme can be observed. This is the first report, that all catalytic active complexes in the test tube can be synchronized by an external light source, if the right repetition time of the pulses is chosen, so that all these “molecular machines” work in phase.
Evidence that Cytochalasins Reduce the Size of Polymerization Nuclei during Actin Polymerization
Authors: Wendel Hanns , Dancker Peter 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In a double-logarithmic plot of the rate of actin polymerization against monomer concentration, the slope has a lower value in the presence of the fungal metabolites cytochalasin B and D than in their absence. This suggests that actin oligomers which serve as polymerization nuclei are smaller in the presence of cytochalasins than in their absence.
The Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase of Prochlorothrix hollandica: Purification, Subunit Structure and Partial N-Terminal Sequence Analysis of the Large Subunit
Authors: Hawthornthwaite A.M. , Beanland T. J. , Howe C. J. , Codd G. A. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Ribulosc bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase was purified to apparent homogeneity from the carboxysomes of Prochlorothrix hollandica.The MW of the native enzyme was estimated to be 560,000 Dalton, comprising large subunits (LSU) of 57,000 Dalton and small subunits (SSU) of 13,000, probably in an 8LSU8SSU quaternary structure. Enzyme activity was maximal at pH 8.0 at 30°C. The requirement of activity for Mg2+ could not be replaced by Mn2+, Co2+, Ca2+ or Cu2+.Amino acid N-terminal sequence analysis of the LSU showed a high degree of conservation when compared to cyanobacterial and chloroplast LSU sequences but was too short to allow a reliable phylogenetic assignment of P. hollandica.
Time-Course of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Processing in the Alkaloid Exploiting Arctiid Moth, Creatonotos transiens
Authors: Nickisch-Rosenegk Eva von , Schneider Dietrich , Wink Michael 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The processing of dietary pyrrolizidine alkaloids by larvae and adults of the arctiid moth Creatonotos transiens was studied in time-course experiments: In larvae, pyrrolizidine alkaloid uptake is quickly followed by the transformation of the alkaloids into their N-oxides. Further- more, if 7 S-heliotrine is applied, a stereochemical inversion of the hydroxyl group at C 7 to 7 R-heliotrine can be observed within 48 h of feeding. The rate of this biotransformation is substantially higher in males which use the 7 R-form later as a precursor for the biosynthesis of 7 R-hydroxydanaidal, a pheromone. The resorbed pyrrolizidine alkaloids are deposited in the integument within 48 h, where they remain stored during the larval, pupal and partly also the imaginal stages. Virtually no alkaloids are lost during ecdysis. Some pyrrolizidine alkaloids can be recovered from the meconium which is released at eclosion by the imagines especially when disturbed. In the adults pyrrolizidine alkaloids are processed in different ways by the two sexes: In females, about 50-80% of total alkaloids are transferred from the integument to the ovaries and the eggs within 2 - 3 days after eclosion. If females mate with alkaloid-rich males they additionally receive with the spermatophore up to 290 jig pyrrolizidine alkaloid, which are further translocated to the eggs. A biparental endowment of eggs with acquired defence alkaloids is thus achieved. In males, 30-50% of pyrrolizidine alkaloids remain in the integu- ment; about 10 - 30% are transferred to the scent organ, the corema, where they are converted into 7 R-hydroxydanaidal. Another part (about 40%) is passed to the spermatophore. In the laboratory experiments, the sizes of the coremata and their respective 7 R-hydroxydanaidal contents are strongly dependent on the availability of dietary pyrrolizidine alkaloids during L6 and especially L7 stages. In the L7 stage even short-term feeding (4-6 h) on Senecio jaco- haea is sufficient to induce large coremata.
Chemical Composition of Chickpea, Cicer arietinum, Exudate
Authors: Rembold H. , Weigner Ch. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The exudate dry matter of the Cicer arietinum geno­ type ICC 506 is composed of three main organic acids, malate (61.2%), oxalate (28.6%), and glucose-6 -phosphate (5.5%). Minor com ponents are citrate (2.5%), succinate (1.2%), m alonate (0.6%), oxalacetate (0 .2 %), and fumarate (0 .2 %).
Further Novel 6,7-Dimethoxy-8-Prenylated Coumarins from the Aerial Parts of Phebalium elatius ssp. becklevi
Authors: El-Turbi Jamila A. , Alexander James A. , Gray Alexander I. , Waterman Peter G. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
From the aerial parts of Phebalium elatius ssp. beckleri six novel coumarins have been isolat­ ed. These com pounds are all based on a 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin nucleus with a modified C-8 isoprenyl substituent. The prenyl side chains were identified, primarily on the basis of NMR studies, as 1,2-epoxy-3-methylbut-3-enyl = (+)-6 -methoxyphebalosin (1), 1-acetoxymethyl-2-methylprop-2-enyl = (+)-6 -m ethoxyisomurralonginol acetate (2), 1,2-epoxy-3-hydroxy-4-(3-m ethylbutanoyloxy)-3-m ethylbutanyl = 1 ′,2′-epoxy-6-methoxycasegravol-4′-(3-methyl)-butanoate (3), 1-(S)-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxobutanyl = (+)-6 -methoxymurranganon (4), 3-methyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-4-yl = 6-methoxy-3′.4′-dihydroisomicrominutin (5) and (E)-3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-l-enyl = 6 -methoxymurraol (6).
Variation in Bud Exudate Composition of Populus nigra Assessed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Greenaway W. , English S. , Whatley F. R. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Bud Exudate, GC-MS Bud exudates from twelve clones of Populus nigra originating from seven countries were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and the principal compounds identified. Specimens of P. nigra var betulifolia differed in bud exudate com position from the other specimens analyzed, and were more similar in exudate com position to P. deltoides than were the other specimens. The range of bud exudate com position was greater than that which would be expected to occur within a single coherent species.
Uptake of Alkaloids by Latex Vesicles and Isolated Mesophyll Vacuoles of Chelidonium ntajus (Papaveraceae)
Authors: Hauser Marie-Theres , Wink Michael 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Latex vacuoles of Chelidonium majus (Papaveraceae) naturally sequester protoberberine and benzophenanthridine alkaloids. Isolated vesicles take up a number of other heterologous alkaloids, such as 9,10-dihydroergocryptine, vinblastine, strychnine, nicotine, colchicine, lupanine, and 13-hydroxylupanine, with a strong preference for the indole alkaloids and for nicotine. Kinetic data clearly show that the uptake proceeds via simple diffusion and not by carrier-mediated transport. The alkaloids are concentrated in the vesicles against a concentra­ tion gradient. MgATP has no influence on alkaloid uptake. It is likely that alkaloids are trapped in the vesicles by chelidonic acid (concentration in latex 58 mM, in vesicles 661 mM) which com plexes these alkaloids and thus prevents their rediffusion out of the vesicles. Uptake of these alkaloids by leaf protoplasts and vacuoles of Ch. majus, by vacuoles of suspension-cultured cells of Lupinuspolyphyllus and by rabbit erythrocytes was studied for comparison.
Computer Analysis of Phytochrome Sequences from Five Species: Implications for the Mechanism of Action
Authors: Partis Michael D. , Grimm Rudolf 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The amino acid sequences of phytochrome from Avena sativa, Oryza sativa, Curcurbita pepo, Pisum sativum and Arabidopsis thaliana have been analyzed with a variety of computer programs, with a view to identifying areas of the protein which contribute to the properties of this photoreceptor. A region at the C-terminus has been shown to be amphiphilic, and by ana­logy with surface-seeking peptides, may be responsible for interaction of phytochrome with lipid bilayers. Possible targeting sequences in phytochromes have been identified, including a series of four basic residues which correspond to those responsible for transport of nuclear-located proteins. Sites capable of post-translational modification have been found in monocot sequences, but not in dicot sequences. Areas of the phytochrome molecule which are exposed on the surface of the portein, and which are therefore capable of interaction with other cellular macromolecules, have been identified. Analogies with other biliproteins have been used to define minimum chromophore-protein interactions. Possible enzymic activities associated with phytochromes have been discussed with respect to local amino acid sequence similarity with enzymes.
Timing of Changes in Protein Synthesis Pattern in Elicitor-Treated Cell Suspension Cultures of Parsley ( Petroselinum crispum)
Authors: Bollmann Joachim , Hahlbrock Klaus 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The timing of changes in the protein synthesis pattern of elicitor-treated, [35S]methionine-labelled parsley cells (Petroselinum crispum) was analyzed by two-dimensional gel electropho­ resis. Five groups were distinguished from a large number of elicitor-responsive as well as un­ responsive proteins. Two groups were synthesized de novo either early or late after elicitor ap­ plication; two other groups were strongly reduced in their rates of synthesis either early or late after elicitor application; and one group was not appreciably affected at all. The elicitor-in-duced changes altered the total protein com position considerably. A few selected, induced pro­ teins were functionally identified. These included two early induced enzymes, phenylalanine amm onia-lyase (PAL) and 4-coum arate:C oA ligase (4C L), and a late induced enzyme, a ber-gaptol O-methyltransferase (BM T) which is specifically involved in the biosynthesis of furano-coumarin phytoalexins. The biological significance of the observed differential timing of changes in protein synthesis rates is discussed.
Aneuploid and Polyploid Cellular DNA Heterogeneity in Insect Cell Material of Diptera Species Analyzed by Flow Cytometry
Authors: Ulrich Wolfgang 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Flow cytometric 1-parameter DNA analysis and 2-parameter DNA /protein analysis have been performed with cell material of the diptera species Chironomus thummi, Drosophila
melanogaster, Calliphora vicina and Musca domestica using an impulse cytophotometer with a new quartz objective, that was especially manufactured for cytofluorometric investigations. The occurrence of heterogenous cell populations with aneuploid and polyploid DNA content within the cell material of different developmental stages of diptera species have been determined, whereby in larvae polyploid cell populations and in imagos aneuploid cell populations predominate. Partially separation of 2C cells from other cell populations with higher DNA content can be done by Ficoll-Hypaque centrifugation as demonstrated with cell material from Chironomus larvae. For flow cytometric DNA analysis of insect cell material a simple and rapid cell preparation and staining technique is presented by using the DNA-specific fluorochrome DAPI in combination with the protein fluorochrome sulforhodamine 101. Employment of flow cytometry in diptera genetics might be a new tool for cytological and cytogenetic investigations as shown with the classical genetic objects Chironomus and Drosophila
Beiträge zur Chemie der Flechtengattung Lasallia Mérat / On the Chemistry of the Lichen Genus Lasallia Merat
Authors: Posner Birgit , Feige Guido Benno , Leuckert Christian 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The secondary product patterns of eleven Lasallia-species, L. asiae-orientalis Asah., L. brigantium (Zsch.) Llano, L. capensis (Frey) Llano, L. hispanica (Frey) Sancho & Crespo, L. membranacea (Laur.) Llano, L. papulosa (Ach.) Llano , L. pensylvanica (Hoffm.) Llano, L. pertusa (Rass.) L lano, L. pustulata (L.) Merat, L. rossica Dombr. und L. sinensis Vej are investigated by hplc. In addition to gyrophoric acid, lecanoric acid, umbilicaric acid, 7-chloroemodin, valsarin and skyrin, which were described before, hiascic acid and ovoic acid were found by means of hplc-cochromatography , UV -and mass spectrometry and the reac­tion of hiascic acid with acetone. The secondary product pattern of Lasallia-species is useful for systematic purposes. A key of the species is provided. The distribution of secondary prod­ucts within the thalli is discussed.
Identification by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry of 150 Compounds in Propolis
Authors: Greenaway W. , May J. , Scaysbrook T. , Whatley F. R. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Propolis was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for both its headspace volatiles and for the less volatile components of its alcoholic extract (propolis balsam). 181 peaks were located of which 171 representing 150 compounds were identified, including 28 identified in propolis for the first time. The majority of compounds were typical of poplar bud exudate.
Composition of the Surface Lipids from the European Mole (Talpa europaea)
Authors: Jacob Jürgen , Hoppe Udo 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The surface lipids of the European mole consist of squalene, monoester waxes, triglycerides and cholesterol. As shown by GC/MS analysis, the fatty acid moieties of both monoester waxes and triglycerides belong to saturated unbranched , (ω-1)-and (ω-2)-methyl-substituted and unsaturated homologous series. Double bonds are located at the 7/8-and 9/10-position. Apart from the cis-also trans-isomers were found. The alcohol moieties of the monoester waxes consisted of saturated unbranched , (ω-1)-an d (ω-2)-methyl-substituted homologous series exclusively.
Biogenic Amine Levels in the Haemolymph of the Cabbage Armyworm Larvae (Mamestra brassicae) Following Injection of Octopaminergic Insecticides
Authors: Shimizu T. , Takeda N. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Changes in haemolymph biogenic amine levels of the cabbage armyworm , Mamestra brassicae, last instar larvae following injection of octopaminergic insecticides were investigated by using HPLC-ECD. When octopaminergic insecticides, chlordimeform or 2-(4-chloroo- toluidino)-2-oxazoline (AC-6), are injected, 4-tyrosine (TYR-4) is increased 10 min after injection. Clonidine injection also caused an increase of TYR-4. Based on these results, chemically induced insect stress is discussed.
Incorporation of a Calliphora Arylphorin Gene into the Germ Line of Drosophila by P-Element-Mediated Transformation
Authors: Dorsch Martina , Scheller Klaus 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Two arylphorin gene clones were inserted into the transposable p-element vector Carnegie 20 and injected into Drosophila rosy− mutants. Transponed animals were selected by their red eye colour and remated. We demonstrate by hybridization experiments the stable integration of the injected genes in the germ line of Drosophila. However, the incorporated genes are not expressed.
Haemocyanin Synthesis in the Crayfish, Astacus leptodactylus: in vitro Production by the Midgut Gland after Addition of Oxygen Binding Modulators and Exogenous Copper
Authors: Hennecke Rainer , Gellissen Gerd , Spindler Klaus-Dieter 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Haemocyanin synthesis in the midgut gland of the crayfish, Astacus leptodactylus, was stud­ied in vitro. The addition of exogenous copper into the culture medium reduces the synthesis of total proteins and of haemocyanin. ʟ-lactate, uric acid and dopamine, which modify the affini­ty of haemocyanin towards oxygen, do not influence the biosynthesis of the polypeptide.
Quantitative Characterization of Soil Organic Matter and Its Fractionation Products by Solid State High Resolution C-13 (CPMAS) Spectroscopy
Authors: Fründ R. , Lüdemann H.-D. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In a systematic study the organic carbon content of typical Germ an soils was studied by solid state C-13 CPM AS spectroscopy.
In order to check the quantitative validity of the standard sodium hydroxide extraction procedure, which fractionates soil organic matter into hum in, humic acid, and fulvic acid also the high resolution solid state spectra of these fractions were determined.
The chemical information obtained from these spectra is discussed.
The Modulation of the Calcium Transport by Skeletal Muscle Sarcoplasmic Reticulum in the Hibernating European Hamster
Authors: Agostini  , De Martino Luisa , Soltau Barbara , Hasselbach Wilhelm 
Published: August 2018

Calcium transport of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum was comparatively studied in hibernating and summer active European hamsters (Cricetus cricetus L.). Crude homogenates from psoas, soleus and mixed skeletal muscles were used. Protein yield was strongly reduced in the muscle homogenates of hibernating hamsters. The calcium concentration in the muscle of hibernating hamsters was increased to a much higher content than in the serum. In the same animals the maximal rate of calcium uptake and the calcium storing capacity of sarcoplasmic reticulum were augmented by 43% and respectively 17%. Kinetic experiments with various concentrations of free calcium revealed in the hibernating animals higher uptake rates and a lower apparent calcium affinity than in the summer active hamsters. Some shift of calcium uptake rate and calcium affinity similar to that of a fast-twitch muscle was also observed in winter active animals kept at 22 C under natural photoperiod. By contrast, the activity of the calcium dependent ATPase was not increased, suggesting a tighter coupling during hibernation between calcium dependent ATP-hydrolysis and calcium transport. No seasonal difference was observed in the calcium release by KCl-caffeine from calcium loaded vesicles of sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Proportion and size of fibre types were studied with cold cross sections from psoas and soleus muscles. An average atrophy of about 25% was found during hibernation in both muscles. Cytochemistry revealed, however, a different reduction of cross area between type-I- and type-11-fibres, which reaches values up to 46% in the type-I I-fast-fibres of the slow soleus muscle. Electron microscopy did not show any definite change in the distribution and amount of sarcoplasmic reticulum.
The results suggest that during hibernation a modulation in the properties of calcium transport ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum occurs to better support the calcium transport function at low temperatures, which in turn warrants the restoration of ion homeostasis in the course of the arousal.
Epoxyheptadecadienes Identified as Sex Pheromone Components of Tephrina arenacearia Hbn. (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)
Authors: Tòth M. , Löfstedt C. , Hansson B. S. 
Published: August 2018

(Z ,Z )-3,9-cis-6,7-Epoxyheptadecadiene, and (Z,Z)-6,9-cis -3,4-epoxyheptadecadiene were identified by gas chromatography/flame ionization detection-electroantennographic detection (GC/FID-EAD) and coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) from abdominal tip extracts of Tephrina arenacearia (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), an alfalfa pest. In gas chromatography/flame ionization-single sensillum detection (GC/FID-SC) analyses, specific olfactory receptor cells were found for (Z,Z)-6,9-cis-3,4-epoxyheptadecadiene, and tricosane. Synthetic samples of racemic (Z,Z )-6,9-cis-3,4-epoxyheptadecadiene attracted large numbers of male T. arenacearia into traps. Best catches were observed at 100-1000 μg dosages. The addition of (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-heptadecatriene did not influence catches.
(Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-Heptadecatriene and (Z,Z)-6,9-cis-3,4-epoxyheptadecadiene were also identified in the pheromone gland extract of Chiasma clathrata, an other geometrid pest of alfalfa.
Duplicated Sequence Elements and Their Function in Plant Mitochondria
Authors: Wissinger Bernd , Hiesel Rudolf , Schobel Werner , Unseld Michael , Brennicke Axel , Schuster Wolfgang 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
A considerable portion of the plant mitochondrial DNA is derived from genome internal duplications. Many of these amplified sequences determine functions of transcription and processing. Among these are promoter regions, sequences defining the 3′ ends of stable mRNAs, potential RNA processing sites and intron domains. Simultaneously, some of these repeated sequences can be active sites of recombination in plant mitochondria. Such duplicat­ed control regions may simplify coordinate expression of different genes.