bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Method to measure the size-resolved real part of aerosol refractive index using differential mobility analyzer in tandem with single-particle soot photometer
Authors: Zhao Gang , Zhao Weilun , Zhao Chunsheng 
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Knowledge on the refractive index of ambient aerosols can help reduce the
uncertainties in estimating aerosol radiative forcing. A new method is
proposed to retrieve the size-resolved real part of the refractive index (RRI).
The main principle of deriving the RRI is measuring the scattering intensity by
a single-particle soot photometer (SP2) of size-selected aerosols. This method is
validated by a series of calibration experiments using the components of
the known RRI. The retrieved size-resolved RRI covers a wide range, from 200 to
450 nm, with uncertainty of less than 0.02. Measurements of the size-resolved
RRI can improve the understanding of the aerosol radiative effects.
Os alimentos transgênicos e as reproduções culturais dos moradores na cidade de Ponta Porã – MS, fronteira Brasil e Paraguai
Authors: De Souza Suzy Mary Lima , Maia Sebastião Gabriel Chaves 
Published: July 2019

A agricultura teve seu foco no desenvolvimento tecnológico, na pesquisa e desenvolvimento de novos meios para uma maior produção e safras mais lucrativas, sendo uma delas, os organismos geneticamente modificados. Porém, os OGM tem sido alvo de intensas discussões no século XXI, não somente por seus estudos de curto prazo, mas também devido ao seu impacto no meio ambiente e ao ser humano. Por isso, temos por objetivo conhecer as representações sociais da população da cidade de Ponta Porã sobre o consumo dos alimentos transgênicos. Foram realizados um total de 123 entrevistas com questionário semiestruturado com transeuntes abordados em vias públicas próximas no centro da cidade durante o período de julho e agosto de 2015, indiscriminadamente. Como resultado verificou-se que a população demonstrou grande preocupação com a saúde e a origem dos alimentos, sendo a principal a qualidade destes produtos pois, verificam os rótulos em busca de informações a respeito da data de validade e informações nutricionais. Entretanto, há um desconhecimento sobre o que são alimentos transgênicos e orgânicos.
After the Arab Spring: Islamism Reconsidered
Authors: Hazran Yusri 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The outbreak of popular uprisings known as the “Arab Spring” reawakened the public and scholarly debates over the role and future of Islamism in the Arab Middle East. With Islamist victories in free, democratic elections in Tunisia and Egypt, the sincerity of the Islamists' commitment to democracy was tested for the first time. These two books provide valuable analysis, tracing the factors that led to the ascendance of Islamism and explaining the different cases in practice, whether the revolutionary model in Iran, the Turkish model of limited democracy that relies on a wealthy middle class, or the radical jihadist model that strongly opposed the gradualist Islamist groups, such as the Muslim Brotherhood.
“That Third and Darker Thought”: African-American Challenges to the Political Theories of Jacques Rancière and Axel Honneth
Authors: Bromell Nick 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This article explores several challenges African-American political thinkers pose to the continental tradition of European political philosophy as represented by two eminent theorists, Jacques Rancière and Axel Honneth. It focuses on the three sharpest points of disagreement between them—over (1) the nature of the political subject (actor) and her motivations for becoming political; (2) the need for normative grounds as a basis of political critique; (3) the quality of political temporality—and shows how a range of African-American political thinkers have developed rigorous accounts of all three of these matters. These accounts not only expose the limitations of Rancière's and Honneth's views but also provide a capacious theoretical framework able to hold their disagreements in productive tension with each other.
Johann Gottlieb Steeb on Human Diversity: Synthesizing Kant and Blumenbach
Authors: van Gorkom Joris 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article shows that Johann Gottlieb Steeb supported different aspects of Kant's theory of race. Despite the growing research on Kant's racial and biological theory, one finds no mention of Steeb in these interpretations. However, his work is relevant because of his attempt in 1785 to synthesize Kant's preformationist terminology with Blumenbach's epigenetic theory. This article aims at understanding this synthesis. Recent interpreters of Kant presuppose that preformationism excluded epigenesis. But already in 1785 Steeb saw the possibility of integrating Kant's germs into a discourse that was to a large extent dominated by Blumenbach. Steeb's synthesis primarily implied that the concepts of germs and race could be amended to Blumenbach's understanding of human diversity.
The Chemistry of Blackness: Benjamin Rush, Thomas Jefferson, Everard Home, and the Project of Defining Blackness through Chemical Explanations
Authors: Driggers Edward Allen 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This article examines the chemistry of race at the turn of the nineteenth century. Physicians, philosophers, and intellectuals from Benjamin Rush to Everard Home defined the skin color of Africans as resulting from the changes of the body's humors (or fluids). Radical physicians like Benjamin Rush believed that he could “cure” African slaves of what he identified as indicative of sickness, their skin color, as they were essentially sick white people in his mind. Overall, the study seeks to explain the medical and chemical understanding of race and the potential for “curing” blackness. Often these cures were linked to balancing and unblocking the fluids. A justification for these ideas comes from cases where people seemed to have spontaneously turned black and experiments where black people were turned white.
Naar een Gedragscode Afhandeling Beroepsziekteclaims?
Authors: de Groot M. 
Published: July 2019

Naar een Gedragscode Afhandeling Beroepsziekteclaims?
Om de afhandeling van beroepsziekteclaims te verbeteren is in januari 2018 het project Gedragscode Afhandeling Beroepsziekteclaims (project GAB) gestart. In het kader van de eerste fase van dit project is een inventariserend onderzoek verricht naar de ervaren knelpunten bij de afhandeling van beroepsziekteclaims en de kansen voor een gedragscode als oplossingsrichting. Het doel van dit onderzoek was om te bezien of voldoende aanknopingspunten bestaan om te gaan werken aan de totstandkoming van een gedragscode. In deze bijdrage worden de bevindingen van de eerste fase van het project GAB op hoofdlijnen weergegeven.
Modeling and Designing of a Novel Lab-scale Passive Solar Still
Authors: Maddah Hisham A. 
Published: July 2019

The solar still is an emerging water distillation technology gaining popularity among the scientific community. Achieving a high throughput and/or performance in solar stills remains an unresolved challenge. In this study, the feasibility of utilizing solar distillation systems for large water production was investigated. A solar still was designed and tested with different brackish waters under solar insolation in Los Angeles from March to April. The inner surface area of the cell was about 12.7 cm 12.7 cm with a maximum volume of 322.6 cm3. The still performance was evaluated experimentally and modeled theoretically, showing a good agreement between theory and experiment. The maximum achieved efficiency was 20.54%, corresponding to a freshwater production of 384.4 mL/day·m2 (6.2 mL/day). Lowering the feed amounts from 120 to 30 mL/day resulted in increasing the experimental performance from 6% to 18.3% due to the quick ramp in heat of vaporization; however, the production rates decreased from 446.4 to 341 mL/day·m2 (7.2 to 5.5 mL/day). Polystyrene insulation and a blackened walls/basin can improve the performance by maintaining high temperature, decreasing heat loss, and enhancing solar absorption. It is concluded that still materials, insolation rate, and inclination angle are the most critical design factors.
Development of a New and Fast Extraction Method Based on Solvent-Assisted Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction for Preconcentration and Trace Detection of Atrazine in Real Matrices
Authors: Behbahani Mohammad 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: Because of trace amounts of atrazine in water samples and the complexity of the matrix, direct trace monitoring of atrazine is not feasible by the abovementioned techniques. Hence, an efficient sample pretreatment procedure is necessary for cleanup and preconcentration of atrazine from sample matrices. Objective: In the current paper, a new and efficient sample preparation method named solvent-assisted dispersive solid-phase extraction (SA-DSPE), followed by HPLC–UV, was introduced for the monitoring of atrazine at trace levels in environmental water samples. Methods: In the present method, benzophenone was used as a sorbent for extraction of target molecules. For dispersing solid sorbents in sample solution, very low milligram amounts of benzophenone and dispersive solvent were mixed and fast-injected into the extraction media. A cloudy solution formed, and after interaction of atrazine and the dispersed solid sorbent, the cloudy solution was centrifuged. The extracted atrazine in the solid phase was dissolved in ethanol and analyzed by HPLC–UV. Results: The introduced method showed a low method detection limit (0.1 μg/L), good precision (relative SD: 3.9–6.9%), and appropriate relative recoveries (95–105%). Conclusions: Within this study, a sensitive and reliable method for the quantification of atrazine in wastewater samples was successfully developed. Highlights: The obtained figures of merit for the presented sample preparation method were appropriate. The applicability of the method for analysis of atrazine in real matrices was excellent.
Reproductive biology of Hybopsis amblops, the Bigeye Chub, in the Flint River of Alabama
Authors: Tarver Crissy L , Stallsmith Bruce W 
Published: July 2019

Background. The purpose of this study was to establish a reproductive schedule and examine reproductive traits that shape fecundity of the Bigeye Chub, Hybopsis amblops Cyprinidae, in the Flint River system of north Alabama.
Methods. Life history traits associated with reproduction, growth, and maturation were assessed. Fish collections were made monthly from August, 2013, through July, 2014.
Results. The Bigeye Chub in Alabama primarily spawns in April and May as indicated by gonadosomatic index (GSI), ovarian condition and clutch size. Average GSI values began to rise in February, peaked in April and May at over 13% for females and 1.6% for males, and showed a steep decline from May to June for both sexes. Average clutch size was highest in April at 812. Diameter of the most mature oocyte stage averaged 0.74 mm, relatively small compared to other cyprinids found in the Flint River.
Discussion. The Bigeye Chub’s relatively large clutch size as a measure of fecundity places the species intermediate between opportunistic and periodic in the trilateral life history scheme of Winemiller and Rose. The species is apparently responding to a flow regime with a defined seasonality as well as predictability of flow and resources.
OLA1 is responsible for normal spindle assembly and SAC activation in mouse oocytes
Authors: Xie Di , Zhang Juan , Ding JinLi , Yang Jing , Zhang Yan 
Published: July 2019

Background. OLA1 is a member of the GTPase protein family, unlike other members, it can bind and hydrolyze ATP more efficiently than GTP. OLA1 participates in cell proliferation, oxidative response and tumorigenesis. However, whether OLA1 is also required for oocyte meiosis is still unknown.
Methods. In this study, the localization, expression, and functions of OLA1 in the mouse oocyte meiosis were examined. Immunofluorescent and confocal microscopy were used to explore the location pattern of OLA1 in the mouse oocyte. Moreover, nocodazole treatment was used to confirm the spindle-like location of OLA1 during mouse meiosis. Western blot was used to explore the expression pattern of OLA1 in the mouse oocyte. Microinjection of siRNA was used to explore the OLA1 functions in the mouse oocyte meiosis. In addition, chromosome spreading was used to investigate the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) activity.
Results. Immunoﬂuorescent staining showed that OLA1 evenly distributed in the cytoplasm at germinal vesicle (GV) stage. After meiosis resumption (GVBD), OLA1 co-localized with spindles, which was further identified by nocodazole treatment experiments. Knockdown of OLA1 impaired the germinal vesicle breakdown progression and finally resulted in a lower polar body extrusion rate. Immunofluorescence analysis indicated that knockdown of OLA1 led to abnormal spindle assembly, which was evidenced by multipolar spindles in OLA1-RNAi-oocytes. After 6 h post-GVBD in culture, an increased proportion of oocyte which has precociously entered into anaphase/telephase I (A/TI) was observed in OLA1-knockdown oocytes, suggesting that loss of OLA1 resulted in the premature segregation of homologous chromosomes. In addition, the chromosome spread analysis suggested that OLA1 knockdown induced premature anaphase onset was due to the precocious inactivation of SAC. Taken together, we concluded that OLA1 plays important role in GVBD, spindle assembly and SAC activation maintenance in oocyte meiosis.
Clinical and Sociodemographic Characteristics of Patients with Ingrown Nails
Authors: Arica Ibrahim Etem , Bostanci Seher , Kocyigit Pelin , Arica Deniz Aksu 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Ingrown nail is a common health problem that significantly affects daily life due to its painful nature. The purpose of this study was to reveal the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of ingrown nails.

Methods:
The clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of patients older than 18 years presenting with ingrown nail were investigated.

Results:
Two hundred six patients aged 18 to 77 years (mean age, 39 years; female to male ratio, 1.45) were included in the study. A total of 729 lesions were evaluated (718 ingrown nails were on the feet and 11 were on the fingers). A family history of ingrown nail was present in 7.6% of the participants. Of the 206 patients, 26.7% were treated with surgical methods for ingrown nails previously and experienced recurrence. Ingrown toenails were in the hallux in 81.3% of patients, and 52% were on the lateral margin. Incorrect nail-cutting habits (73.5%), poorly fitting shoes (46.2%), excessive angulation of the nail plate (35.8%), obesity (34.1%), trauma to the feet (24.3%), pregnancy (23.8% of women), hyperhidrosis (16.8%), and lateral deviation of the nail plate (9.9%) were closely associated with ingrown nails.

Conclusions:
This study revealed the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of ingrown nails. The study data will be useful in preventing the development of ingrown nail and recurrences after treatment by identifying and then eliminating conditions establishing a predisposition to it.
Reliability of a New Method to Determine Foot Arch Height for Clinicians
Authors: Charles James A. , Mignot Clare , Jelinek Herbert F. 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Arch height is an important indicator of risk of foot pathology. The current non-invasive gold standard based on footprint information requires extensive pre-processing. Methods used to obtain arch height that are accurate and easier to use are required in routine clinical practice.

Methods:
The proposed arch index diagonals (AId) method for determining the arch index (AI) reduces the complexity of the preprocessing steps. All footprints were first prepared as required by the Cavanagh and Rodgers method for determining the AI and then compared to the proposed diagonals method. Results were classified according to the Cavanagh and Rodgers cut-off values into three groups of low, normal and high AI. ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests were applied to identify significant differences between AI groups. Linear modeling was applied to determine the fit of the new AId method compared to the Cavanagh and Rodgers AI.

Results:
One hundred and ninety-six footprints were analyzed. The ANOVA indicated significant differences between the groups for AId (F1,194=94.49, p<0.0001) and the Tukey post hoc tests indicated significant differences between the pair-wise comparisons (p<0.001). Linear modeling indicated that the AId ratio classified more footprints in the high arch group compared to Cavanagh and Rodgers results (R2=32%, p< 0.01). Intra- and inter-rater correspondence was above 90% and confirmed that the AId results provided a better indication of arch height.

Conclusions:
The proposed method simplifies current processing steps to derive the arch height.
Distal Fibular Osteochondroma Resulting in Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: DeHeer Patrick A. , Thompson Nicholas 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Osteochondromas are benign osseous tumors encountered most routinely by physicians responsible for diagnosing musculoskeletal disorders. Often, these osseous lesions are identified following symptoms related to their impingement on adjacent soft tissue or bone.

Methods:
This article presents a unique case of an asymptomatic osteochondroma of the distal fibula in a 29-year-old Caucasian woman that manifested clinically as an impingement on the tibial nerve.

Results:
After resection of the osteochondroma, the patient's tarsal tunnel syndrome symptoms resolved.

Conclusions:
This case report demonstrates a never-before-described osteochondroma of the distal fibula traversing posterior to the ankle joint and impinging on the tibial nerve. After resection, the patient's symptoms resolved.
Seroprevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Infection among Blood Donors at Madhya Pradesh, India: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Gupta Prakriti , Sharma Dharmesh Chandra , Yadav Umesh Chandra , Bindal Jyoti , Pandey K. K. 
Published: July 2019

Background: Viral hepatitis is a global health problem with 170 million Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) carriers worldwide, and 12-13 million HCV carriers in India.
Unscreened blood and components play a significant role in transmission of HCV apart from reuse of injection needles, unsterilized surgical equipments and vertical transmission from mother to child. Unsafe blood transfusion not only poses risk to patients, causing significant morbidity and mortality, but also adds to the economical burden on healthcare system.
Aims and Objectives: Aim of this study is to estimate the seroprevalence of HCV infection among the voluntary and relative donors over a period of 7 years at blood banks of Madhya Pradesh with collaboration of Madhya Pradesh State AIDS control Society (MPSACS) Bhopal, India from 2011 to 2017.
Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of blood donation at blood banks, of Madhya Pradesh, India. Blood units were screened for TTIs from January 2011 To December 2017. HIV, HCV and HBV tests were done by ELISA. Data of HCV was collected and compared statistically by frequency distribution and percentage proportion. Chi Square (χ 2) test was used to determine the significant difference statistically.
Results: The mean age of donors was 32.4 2 ± 8.63 years. Major contribution was from male donors (93.8%). Majority of donation was done voluntarily (87.3 %). Out of the total 1,876,219 donors tested for TTIs over 7 years, 1980 (0.11%) were positive to anti HCV (p=.000001).
Conclusion: The prevalence of HCV infection was 0.11% among blood donors of Madhya Pradesh, with geographic variation among districts. Aiming to provide safe blood to the patients, prevention of transmission of HCV by proper donor counseling and screening of the unit is required.
How Political Events Can Motivate Some Risk Mitigation Activities for Climate Change
Authors: Farrooz Maliha , Dillon Robin , Hydock Chris 
Published: July 2019

Aim: To stem the risks of future climate change, more people need to be motivated to take actions that will mitigate the release of greenhouse gases into the environment. Important to this discussion was that these actions include both public and private sphere behaviors.
Duration of Study: April 2016 to March 2017.
Methodology: We surveyed individual’s beliefs about climate change and their stated willingness to take different actions to mitigate the risks of climate change.
Results: Public sphere behaviors affect the environment only indirectly by influencing either public policies or other private sphere behaviors. Private sphere behaviors have direct environmental consequences but the consequences are small. Individual private sphere behaviors have environmentally significant impacts only in the aggregate when many people independently do similar things.
Conclusion: Our study replicated many of the results from the literature, in particular, that individuals are most willing to engage in small private actions to mitigate climate change, and that at least for large private acts and public acts, individuals who describe themselves as Democrats are also more willing to engage in more costly acts. Our survey also showed an important effect from the 2016 election of President of USA. Following the election, Democrats stated an increased willingness to engage in public sphere acts over time. If more individuals engaging in more public acts can influence public policy and can convert other individuals to engage in more private acts over time, then electing leadership who is negative toward climate change can ultimately result in motivating more individual mitigation activity for climate change.
Summary: This work shows that electing leaders who are negative toward climate change could provide a strong motivation for some individuals to be more willing to engage in public sphere acts over time to mitigate climate change.
The Potential of Benefiting Variation between the Same Species of Artemisia Herba-alba from Different Location in Northeast of Libya
Authors: Ali Rania. F. M. , Alaila Ahlam K. , Aldaaiek Gebreel. A. A. 
Published: July 2019

The medicinal plants (Artemisia herba-alba) were subjected to mineral analysis, total protein and the phenolic contents. Couple plants were collected from AL-Gabal AL-Akhder region in Northeast of Libya (Coastal and Desert) Artemisia herba-alba 1 Artemisia herba-alba 2 respectively during November (2018). Results showed that mineral content found to vary significantly. Appreciable amounts of calcium Ca was recorded 84.930 ppm in Artemisia herba-alba 1 while 30 ppm in Artemisia herba-alba 2, potassium (K) was 43.3 and 27.6 ppm in Artemisia herba-alba 1 and Artemisia herba-alba 2 respectively. Meanwhile, Fe was recorded as 0.39, 0.52 ppm in Artemisia herba-alba1 and 2. Level of total protein was 9.95 and 7.79 (mg/g) in Artemisia herba-alba 1 and Artemisia herba-alba 2 respectively. Present study found that the phenolic compounds were determined in both plants with high levels. The available data indicate the two plants were found to contain Alkaloids, essential oils, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolic compounds, sterols/triterpenes, and tannins. However, sterols/ triterpenes and coumarins were found in herba-alba 1 significantly, while Alkaloids, flavonoids, and Saponins found highest in herba-alba 2 compared to herba-alba 1 on the other side the quantity of essential oils was higher in the herba-alba 2.