bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat injured stromal cells‐derived exosomal EGFR enhances prostatic wound healing after thulium laser resection through EMT and NF‐κB signaling
Authors: Shi Fei , Deng Zheng , Zhou Zheng , Jiang Bo , Jiang Chen‐Yi , Zhao Rui‐Zhe , Sun Feng , Cui Di , Sun Meng‐Hao , Sun Qian , Wang Xing‐Jie , Wu Qi , Xia Shu‐Jie , Han Bang‐Min 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundThis study investigated shallow heat injury to prostate stromal fibroblasts and epithelial cells and their interaction to regulate the wound healing and the underlying molecular events.MethodsProstate stromal fibroblasts and epithelial cells were cultured individually or cocultured and subjected to shallow heat injury for assessments of cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, cell cycle distribution, and gene expression. The supernatant of heat‐injured WPMY‐1 cells was collected for exosome extraction and assessments. Furthermore, beagle dogs received thulium laser resection of the prostate (TmLRP) and randomly divided into Gefitinib, GW4869, and control treatment for the histological analysis, tissue re‐epithelialization, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression on the prostatic wound surface. Immunofluorescence was to evaluate p63‐positive basal progenitor cell trans‐differentiation and macrophage polarization and ELISA was to detect cytokine levels in beagles' urine.ResultsShallow heat injury caused these cells to enter a stressed state and enhanced their crosstalk. The prostate stromal fibroblasts produced and secreted more exosomal‐EGFR and other cytokines and chemokines after shallow heat injury, resulting in increased proliferation and migration of prostate epithelial cells during wound healing. The wound healing of the canine prostatic urethra following the TmLRP procedure was slower in the Gefitinib and GW4869 treatment group than in the control group of animals. Immunofluorescence and ELISA showed that reduced EGFR expression interrupted macrophage polarization but increased the inflammatory response.ConclusionsShallow heat injury was able to promote the interaction of prostate stromal cells with prostate epithelial cells to enhance wound healing. Stromal‐derived exosomal‐EGFR plays a crucial role in the balance of the macrophage polarization and prostatic wound healing.
Parents' reflections on choice of neighbourhood and their transformative potential for future conceptualisations of the nation
Authors: Strømsø Mette 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis article contends that parents' reflections on choice of neighbourhood provide insights into a transformative potential for future conceptualisations of the nation. Built on 30 interviews in Oslo, Norway, this study shows that when choosing a neighbourhood for where their children will grow up, parents create the spatial and social frame of the everyday life within which their children will be socialised—of which socialisation into the nation is one element. Through their sociospatial preferences, one elicits their notions on who belongs where not only in the neighbourhoods of Oslo but also to the nation. Balancing ideals and values both for their children and for themselves, the parents draw on multiple temporalities—past, present, and future—of an imagined community, which in turn offer evidence that how nation and diversity coexist, changes with time. A change, where diversity is envisioned as an integral part of the nation, as both contradictory and intertwined.
River islands as habitats for soil mites (Acari)
Authors: Faleńczyk‐Koziróg Katarzyna , Skubała Piotr , Habel Michał , Waldon‐Rudzionek Barbara , Szatten Dawid 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRiver islands are a natural element of fluvial river systems. They are the refuge of many species of plants and animals and of unchanged ecological systems. Due to their spatial isolation, river islands are good places to observe colonization processes of both flora and fauna (biota). The goal of our research was to observe the development of soil mite communities colonizing the river island. Mite communities on river islands are dominated by eurytopic species, which are r‐strategists, reproduce parthenogenetically, and can be dispersed either passively by the wind or actively by phoresis on insects, small mammals, or birds. The main factors limiting the diversity of acarofauna on river islands are floods (and the resulting soil moisture content of the environment) and spatial isolation. The fertility of the habitat (content of humus) is of less importance. The results of our research indicate that Oribatida are the most sensitive to frequent flooding and high soil moisture, and they were the least effective in colonizing the island. Among the species resistant to the above‐mentioned limiting factors wereCheiroseius borealis,Cheiroseius bryophillus,Cheiroseius curtipes,Liochthonius lapponicus,Punctoribates punctum,Arctoseius cetratus,Parasitus beta,Ameroseius corbicula,Oribatula tibialis,Tectocepheus velatus, and representatives of Acarididae, Pygmephoridae, Stigmeidae, and Tarsonemidae.
Which matters more? Group fear versus hope in entrepreneurial escalation of commitment
Authors: Huang Tori Y. , Souitaris Vangelis , Barsade Sigal G. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractResearch SummaryWe examine the influence of two conflicting emotions—group fear and group hope—in entrepreneurial team decision‐making. We are interested in which emotion will be more strongly related to whether entrepreneurial teams escalate their commitment to a currently failing venture versus terminating that venture. Using a longitudinal start‐up simulation and based on data from 66 teams across 569 decision‐making rounds, we find that group “hope trumps fear.” That is, the relationship between group hope and escalating commitment to a failing venture is stronger than the relationship between group fear and terminating that venture. We predict and find that team engagement mediates these relationships. We find partial support for a predicted moderation effect of group friendship strength. Theoretical implications are discussed.Managerial SummaryEmotions are a critical but often unacknowledged part of entrepreneurial decision‐making. We tested whether group fear or group hope will most strongly influence teams' decisions to escalate their commitment, versus terminating a currently failing venture. Using a longitudinal entrepreneurial simulation, based on data from 66 teams across 569 decision‐making rounds, we find that “hope trumps fear.” That is, the relationship between group hope and escalating commitment to a failing venture is stronger than the relationship between group fear and terminating that venture. Group engagement versus disengagement helps to explain this finding. Our results indicate the importance of entrepreneurs understanding and managing their team emotions for the best decision‐making. It also helps explain the continued engagement of entrepreneurial teams who even, when fearful, have hope.
Elliptic polylogarithms and Feynman parameter integrals
Authors: Broedel Johannes , Duhr Claude , Dulat Falko , Penante Brenda , Tancredi Lorenzo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this paper we study the calculation of multiloop Feynman integrals that cannot be expressed in terms of multiple polylogarithms. We show in detail how certain types of two- and three-point functions at two loops, which appear in the calculation of higher order corrections in QED, QCD and in the electroweak theory (EW), can naturally be expressed in terms of a recently introduced elliptic generalisation of multiple polylogarithms by direct integration over their Feynman parameter representation. Moreover, we show that in all examples that we considered a basis of pure Feynman integrals can be found.
A comparison between expert and beginner learning for motor skill development in a virtual reality serious game
Authors: Harvey Carlo , Selmanović Elmedin , O’Connor Jake , Chahin Malek 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn order to be used for skill development and skill maintenance, virtual environments require accurate simulation of the physical phenomena involved in the process of the task being trained. The accuracy needs to be conveyed in a multimodal fashion with varying parameterisations still being quantified, and these are a function of task, prior knowledge, sensory efficacy and human perception. Virtual reality (VR) has been integrated from a didactic perspective in many serious games and shown to be effective in the pedological process. This paper interrogates whether didactic processes introduced into a VR serious game, by taking advantage of augmented virtuality to modify game attributes, can be effective for both beginners and experts to a task. The task in question is subjective performance in a clay pigeon shooting simulation. The investigation covers whether modified game attributes influence skill and learning in a complex motor task and also investigates whether this process is applicable to experts as well as beginners to the task. VR offers designers and developers of serious games the ability to provide information in the virtual world in a fashion that is impossible in the real world. This introduces the question of whether this is effective and transfers skill adoption into the real world and also if a-priori knowledge influences the practical nature of this information in the pedagogic process. Analysis is conducted via a between-subjects repeated measure ANOVA using a $$2 \times 2$$

2
×
2

factorial design to address these questions. The results show that the different training provided affects the performance in this task ($$N=57$$

N
=
57

). The skill improvement is still evidenced in repeated measures when information and guidance is removed. This effect does not exist under a control condition. Additionally, we separate by an expert and non-expert group to deduce if a-priori knowledge influences the effect of the presented information, it is shown that it does not.
Contestations for urban space: informality and institutions of disenfranchisement in Zimbabwe—the case of Masvingo City
Authors: Average Chigwenya 
Published: May 2019

AbstractInformality has been viewed as the seedbed for economic development especially in the cities of the global South and many cities have been trying to integrate this sector for economic development. The sector has been seen as the option for economic development in cities of the global South in the face of dwindling resources for economic development. However, the development and growth of informal activities in some of these cities have been stunted by institutional reforms that have taken so long to accommodate such activities. Most of the cities have acknowledged the need to integrate informality in their economies but they have remained illusioned by the neo-liberal urbanisation policies that have kept the informal activities on the periphery of the development agenda. As a result the role of informal sector in economic development in cities of the global South has not been fully realised. The study was taken to examine the institutional impediments in the growth of informal activities in the city of Masvingo, to see how the laws and policies of the city have been applied for the integration of informal sector in the main stream economy. The research found out that there are institutionalised systems that disenfranchise the informal sector in the city of Masvingo. These institutions include the planning approach and the way the city has been practicing their planning. These two institutions have been the chief disenfranchising instruments that have denied the people in the informal sector their right to the city. The research utilised a mixed methods approach to the inquiry, where both qualitative and quantitative data were used. The research found that there is space for informal integration in the city of Masvingo, but the existing regulatory framework is stifling the growth and development of the informal sector in the city of Masvingo. There is therefore need for the city to be flexible enough to embrace the realities of the city, because informality is really the new form of urbanisation in cities of the global South.
Gouverner les campagnes: Analyse micro-sociale et construction institutionnelle (Río de la Plata, fin duxviiie siècle)
Authors: Barriera Darío G. 
Published: May 2019

RésumésÀ la fin duxviiie siècle, la monarchie hispanique imagina de nouvelles solutions pour gouverner ses territoires compris entre le Sud de l’Amazonie, le détroit de Magellan et la cordillère andine. Peuplées de cultivateurs et d’éleveurs, ces immenses régions rurales restaient mal connues des autorités. Pourtant, parmi les réformes conduites en Amérique par Charles III – notamment l’adoption du système de l’intendance –, aucune n’abordait de front l’administration des campagnes, une question importante pour deux raisons. Premièrement, la majeure partie des habitants du Río de la Plata vivait à la campagne. Deuxièmement, les longues distances séparant ces territoires des villes où étaient fixées les représentants du pouvoir monarchique (Santa Fe, Buenos Aires ou Madrid) constituaient un défi de taille pour les autorités chargées de gouverner ces populations. L’abandon d’une analyse surplombante au profit d’une approche au ras du sol, attentive aux dynamiques locales, permet d’éclairer le fonctionnement de ces espaces éloignés des centres politiques de la monarchie. À travers une analyse microhistorique d’une série de transformations institutionnelles survenues dans la province du Río de la Plata, cet article montre comment des individus gouvernés réussirent à prendre part au gouvernement de leur territoire. La mobilisation de leurs réseaux leur permit de créer des institutions et une communauté politique locale.
Non-universal scaling transition of momentum cascade in wall turbulence
Authors: Chen Xi , Hussain Fazle , She Zhen-Su 
Published: May 2019

As a counterpart of energy cascade, turbulent momentum cascade (TMC) in the wall-normal direction is important for understanding wall turbulence. Here, we report an analytic prediction of non-universal Reynolds number ($Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}$) scaling transition of the maximum TMC located at $y_{p}$. We show that in viscous units,$y_{p}^{+}$(and$1+\overline{u^{\prime }v^{\prime }}_{p}^{+}$) displays a scaling transition from$Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}^{3/7}$($Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}^{-6/7}$) to$Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}^{3/5}$($Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}^{-3/5}$) in turbulent boundary layer, in sharp contrast to that from$Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}^{1/3}$($Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}^{-2/3}$) to$Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}^{1/2}$($Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}^{-1/2}$) in a channel/pipe, countering the prevailing view of a single universal near-wall scaling. This scaling transition reflects different near-wall motions in the buffer layer for small$Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}$and log layer for large $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}$, with the non-universality being ascribed to the presence/absence of mean wall-normal velocity $V$. Our predictions are validated by a large set of data, and a probable flow state with a full coupling between momentum and energy cascades beyond a critical$Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}$is envisaged.
CRESCITA DA DOMANDA O CRESCITA DA OFFERTA?: UN'ANALISI DELLE SPESE SOCIALI IN ITALIA
Authors: Ferrera Maurizio 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneL'enorme espansione delle politiche di benessere è una delle caratteristiche più salienti dello sviluppo delle società euro-pee del dopoguerra. Nel trentennio che va dal 1945 al 1975 l'incidenza relativa delle spese per la sicurezza sociale sul prodotto interno lordo è più che raddoppiata (in media europea), passando da circa il 9% a più del 19%: e tale cifra salirebbe di almeno 6 o 7 punti se, come è corretto, si contassero tra le spese per il benessere anche quelle per Pistruzione e l'abitazione.
STATO ED ECONOMIA IN TEMPO DI CRISI. VENTITRE DEMOCRAZIE INDUSTRIALI A CONFRONTO
Authors: Schmidt Manfred G. 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneQuando verrà scritta la storia della seconda metà del XX secolo, il conseguimento di alti tassi di crescita, la piena occupazione, i bassi tassi di inflazione e l'espansione dello stato sociale negli anni cinquanta e sessanta saranno senza dubbio indicati come i caratteri distintivi di una felice combinazione di politiche economiche e sociali nei paesi industrializzati ad economia capitalistica regolata. Negli anni settanta, invece, la riduzione della crescita, i crescenti tassi di disoccupazione e inflazione, l'aumento di domande post-materialistiche e la crisi fiscale dello stato sociale hanno generato problemi di difficile soluzione per chi voglia riconciliare un'economia regolata di mercato con il mantenimento di uno stato sociale sviluppato.
ARA relief campaign in the Volga region, Jewish anthropometric statistics, and the scientific promise of integration
Authors: Mogilner Marina 
Published: May 2019

ArgumentThe article builds a case for the Society for the Protection of the Health of the Jewish Population (Obshchestvo Okhranenia Zdorov’ia Evreiskogo Naselenia [OZE]) as a project of medicalized modernity, a mass politics of Jewish self-help that relied on a racialized and medicalized vision of a future Jewish nation. Officially registered in 1912 in St. Petersburg, it created the space for a Jewish politics that focused on the state of the collective Jewish body as a precondition for Jewish participation in any version of modernity. OZE futurism survived the years of World War I and the Russian Civil War, when the organization had to concentrate on rescue and relief rather than on facilitating the development of new bodies and souls. New archival evidence reveals how race science, medical statistics, and positive eugenics became composite elements of the Jewish anticolonial message and new subjectivity.
Partial recovery of Critically EndangeredGypsvulture populations in Nepal
Authors: GALLIGAN TOBY H. , BHUSAL KRISHNA P. , PAUDEL KHADANANDA , CHAPAGAIN DEVENDRA , JOSHI ANKIT B. , CHAUDHARY ISHWARI P. , CHAUDHARY ANAND , BARAL HEM S. , CUTHBERT RICHARD J. , GREEN RHYS E. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryPopulations of Critically Endangered White-rumpedGyps bengalensisand Slender-billedG. tenuirostrisVultures in Nepal declined rapidly during the 2000s, almost certainly because of the effects of the use in livestock of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac, which is nephrotoxic toGypsvultures. In 2006, veterinary use of diclofenac was banned in Nepal and this was followed by the gradual implementation, over most of the geographical range of the two vulture species in Nepal, of a Vulture Safe Zone (VSZ) programme to advocate vulture conservation, raise awareness about diclofenac, provide vultures with NSAID-free food and encourage the veterinary use in livestock of a vulture-safe alternative NSAID (meloxicam). We report the results of long-term monitoring of vulture populations in Nepal before and after this programme was implemented, by means of road transects. Piecewise regression analysis of the count data indicated that a rapid decline of the White-rumped Vulture population from 2002 up to about 2013 gave way to a partial recovery between about 2013 and 2018. More limited data for the Slender-billed Vulture indicated that a rapid decline also gave way to partial recovery from about 2012 onwards. The rates at which populations were increasing in the 2010s exceeded the upper end of the range of increase rates expected in a closed population under optimal conditions. The possibility that immigration from India is contributing to the changes cannot be excluded. We present evidence from open and undercover pharmacy surveys that the VSZ programme had apparently become effective in reducing the availability of diclofenac in a large part of the range of these species in Nepal by about 2011. Hence, community-based advocacy and awareness-raising actions, and possibly also provisioning of safe food, may have made an important contribution to vulture conservation by augmenting the effects of changes in the regulation of toxic veterinary drugs.
Structured Employment and Workshop Reform: Equal Rights for Severely Handicapped Individuals
Authors: Bellamy G. Thomas , Horner Robert H. , Sheehan Martin R. , Boles Shawn M. 
Published: May 2019

Calls for reform in the sheltered workshop program in the United States have become increasingly frequent, and come from broadly representative groups of government agencies (Department of Labor, 1979; General Accounting Office, 1980; Training and Employment Services Policy Analysis, 1979), advocacy groups (Laski, 1979, 1980); rehabilitation professionals (Bellamy, Horner & Inman, 1979; Pomeranz & Marholin, 1977; California Association of Rehabilitation Facilities, 1977); research institutes (JWK International Corporation, 1980; Urban Institute, 1975); and the public press (Wall Street Journal, 1979). This dramatic consensus that change is needed, however, is not yet matched by agreement on specific alternatives to the current system of funding, regulating, and operating workshops.It is precisely the latter type of consensus that is most likely to produce actual reform. Certainly the many constituencies served and affected by workshops have different priorities and objectives, and it seems unlikely that all groups will be completely satisfied with any particular set of changes. Nevertheless, in a time of limited public resources, new initiatives seem much more likely to result from broadly supported objectives than from separate advocacy efforts by individual interest groups. It is consequently important to negotiate compromises needed for a coalition to advocate comprehensive workshop reform.
Preschool Model in an Institutional Setting
Authors: Parr Claudine , Robertson Anne 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis paper describes the development over a three year period of a pre-school in an institution for the intellectually handicapped. Most of the children attending are residents, but some are day pupils. We discuss the progress of both in relation to the overall objectives: to create a happy, secure environment where learning can best occur, to develop each personality academically and socially, and to work towards integration into normal society.Against the well-known disadvantages of an institutionalized setting, the length of time available (six hours, five days a week) has allowed considerable extension of the model offered by a university research programme in early intervention. Within this framework we discuss techniques for the establishment of appropriate learning behaviours, and the introduction and effects of Direct Instruction Programmes.The pre-school provides both group and individual programmes through carefully structured classroom management involving teacher, aides, volunteers and where possible, parents. The rate of progress has already allowed the introduction of part-time integration and full time integration of our first two pupils will be achieved in 1982.