bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Du vrai, du beau, du juste et du bien. Hypothèses sur le déclin des idéaux de la culture occidentale
Authors: Dufour Dany-Robert 
Published: June 2018

Les catégories du vrai, du beau, du juste et du bien sont aujourd’hui en déclin. Nous essaierons ici de comprendre pourquoi. Mais on ne peut décemment réfléchir aux causes de leur déclin sans commencer par tenter de savoir comment ces catégories se sont formées. Cela nous conduira à revenir sur quelques aspects majeurs renvoyant à l’apparition même de la philosophie et du logos . Et à nous interroger ensuite sur les circonstances qui ont amené certaines tendances de la philosophie moderne, puis postmoderne, à se défaire, voire à renier ces notions.
Pour en finir avec les approches normatives des valeurs
Authors: Heinich Nathalie 
Published: June 2018

L’article se propose d’analyser les cinq valeurs soumises à la réflexion à la lumière du modèle élaboré dans Des valeurs. Une approche sociologique . En abandonnant toute prétention à dire ce que seraient les valeurs « en soi », au profit d’une analyse empirique de ce qu’elles sont en tant que représentations mentales partagées par les acteurs, ce modèle autorise une approche résolument non normative, échappant tant à la délégitimation constructiviste ou relativiste des valeurs qu’à leur légitimation métaphysique ou réaliste. Le « portrait » de ces valeurs ainsi déployé ouvre la voie d’une analyse pragmatique du rapport aux valeurs, susceptible de mettre en évidence leurs « conditions de félicité ».
L’être humain est naturellement prédisposé à la bonté
Authors: Lecomte Jacques 
Published: June 2018

L’être humain est naturellement prédisposé à la bonté. Ceci a été constaté au travers de recherches en neurobiologie, psychologie du bébé, économie expérimentale, etc. Même les guerres et les génocides sont plus facilement explicables par des processus psychosociaux et de contexte (conditionnement général des esprits, soumission à l’autorité, augmentation de la distance physique entre le tueur et ses victimes) que par un prétendu atavisme biologique. La conception égoïste de l’être humain, diffusée par la majorité des économistes, est aujourd’hui contredite par les connaissances scientifiques contemporaines. Celles-ci nous invitent à porter sur l’être humain un regard « optiréaliste » et à envisager l’émergence d’une société convivialiste.
Rompre cette bulle opaque que nous avons sécrétée
Authors: Raynal Henri 
Published: June 2018

Il y a trop souvent une arrogance de la pensée à l’égard de son objet. L’étudiant, elle s’intéresse en fait moins à celui-ci qu’à la constitution de sa représentation, dans laquelle il lui importe de mettre en lumière les apports du sujet individuel ou collectif, apports qui varient selon les disciplines. Chacune à sa manière, celles-ci s’emploient à reprendre à l’objet ce qui lui était naïvement attribué. Elles sont rivales, mais leurs effets convergent : démembrement et, pour finir, déréalisation de l’autre de la pensée ; effacement de la présence ; relativisme (voire nihilisme). L’humanité devient un e île sans océan . Le cosmos est comme s’il n’existait pas. Remédier à semblable anomalie s’impose.
L’amour est-il aussi désintéressé qu’on le dit ?
Authors: Audi Paul 
Published: June 2018

Prenant en considération certaines thèses formulées par Vladimir Jankélévitch, la discussion porte ici sur la question de savoir s’il est justifié ou non de soutenir l’idée d’une « pureté » du sentiment amoureux. Y a-t-il lieu de parler à ce sujet de « désintéressement » ? Qu’est-ce qui motive l’amour, dès lors qu’il surgit ? À l’arrière-plan se profile une autre question : celle du qui et du quoi de l’amour. La tentative de définition qui en découle propose alors de rattacher l’existence avérée de l’amour aux enjeux de cette finitude qui détermine l’être humain dans tout ce qu’il fait comme dans tout ce qu’il éprouve, finitude prise ici dans un sens tout autre que celui qui lui vient traditionnellement du constat de sa mortalité.
Les affaires, la clientèle et les scrupules de Jehan Biérenghier, usurier tournaisien (†1305)
Authors: Billen Claire , Kusman David 
Published: June 2018

Au testament que Jehan Bierenghier fait rédiger en 1305 sur chirographe, se trouve cousue la liste de 590 des clients de son officine de prêteur. Il s’agit de leur rembourser les usures que le financier leur avait exigées. L’analyse de cette énumération remarquable, ainsi que celle des éléments contenus dans le testament proprement dit, permettent de reconstituer, avec une précision exceptionnelle, le portrait social, les réseaux et les activités marchandes et financières d’un homme d’argent, entre ville et campagne. Elles autorisent également à identifier la place de cet usurier, au sein de la nébuleuse complexe du crédit, dans une grande ville des Pays-Bas méridionaux.
Anti-Insulin B Cells Are Poised for Antigen Presentation in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Felton Jamie L. , Maseda Damian , Bonami Rachel H. , Hulbert Chrys , Thomas James W. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Early breaches in B cell tolerance are central to type 1 diabetes progression in mouse and man. Conventional BCR transgenic mouse models (VH125.Tg NOD) reveal the power of B cell specificity to drive disease as APCs. However, in conventional fixed IgM models, comprehensive assessment of B cell development is limited. To provide more accurate insight into the developmental and functional fates of anti-insulin B cells, we generated a new NOD model (VH125SD.NOD) in which anti-insulin VDJH125 is targeted to the IgH chain locus to generate a small (1–2%) population of class switch–competent insulin-binding B cells. Tracking of this rare population in a polyclonal repertoire reveals that anti-insulin B cells are preferentially skewed into marginal zone and late transitional subsets known to have increased sensitivity to proinflammatory signals. Additionally, IL-10 production, characteristic of regulatory B cell subsets, is increased. In contrast to conventional models, class switch–competent anti-insulin B cells proliferate normally in response to mitogenic stimuli but remain functionally silent for insulin autoantibody production. Diabetes development is accelerated, which demonstrates the power of anti-insulin B cells to exacerbate disease without differentiation into Ab-forming or plasma cells. Autoreactive T cell responses in VH125SD.NOD mice are not restricted to insulin autoantigens, as evidenced by increased IFN-γ production to a broad array of diabetes-associated epitopes. Together, these results independently validate the pathogenic role of anti-insulin B cells in type 1 diabetes, underscore their diverse developmental fates, and demonstrate the pathologic potential of coupling a critical β cell specificity to predominantly proinflammatory Ag-presenting B cell subsets.
Intuitionistic Fuzzy Soft Set Theory and Its Application in Medical Diagnosis
Authors: Hooda D.S. , Kumari Reetu , Sharma D.K. 
Published: June 2018

For finding coherent and logical solution to various real life problems containing uncertainty, impreciseness and vagueness, fuzzy soft set theory is gaining importance. Later on a theoretical study of the intuitionistic fuzzy soft set was developed. The combination of intuitionistic fuzzy set and intuitionistic fuzzy soft set are more useful for application point of view in the field wherever uncertainty due to vagueness appear in more complex form.
In the present communication the concepts of fuzzy soft set and Intuitionistic fuzzy soft Setare defined as hybridization of fuzzy set and soft set theory. A new method of application of intuitionistic fuzzy soft set is studied in Medical Diagnosis following Sanchez’s approach. A hypothetical case study is also discussed in brief using the proposed method.
Le meson d’Aristote d’après les Remarques sur Sophocle de Hölderlin
Authors: Lébely Fabrice 
Published: June 2018

Les deux premières parties des Remarques sur Oedipe puis sur Antigone (1804) correspondent à ce que Hölderlin appelle un « point de contact » avec un auteur : 1) Hegel ; 2) Aristote. La Naturphilosophie revisitée par Hölderlin conduit à élucider très concrètement la structure des tragédies de Sophocle : le « milieu » — concept venu de la Poétique — est un « point d’indifférence » — concept venu de la « physique spéculative » de Schelling et Hegel — entre début et fin. La « césure » (propos de Tirésias), grande découverte de Hölderlin, est structurellement nécessaire en tant que représentation hétérogène dans les textes de Sophocle pour faire ressortir ledit milieu, sans cela inapparent. Les Remarques, analyse le présent article, démontent la Poétique pièce par pièce pour reconstruire une pensée du tragique tout à fait inouïe. Aristote aurait cherché à dépasser, à véritablement relever le moment du « milieu », préfigurant ainsi la dialectique hégélienne. Or Hölderlin va s’opposer vigoureusement à cette suppression du meson.
Methods matter: the relationship between strength and hypertrophy depends on methods of measurement and analysis
Authors: Vigotsky Andrew D. , Schoenfeld Brad J. , Than Christian , Brown J. Mark 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
The relationship between changes in muscle size and strength may be affected by both measurement and statistical approaches, but their effects have not been fully considered or quantified. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to explore how different methods of measurement and analysis can affect inferences surrounding the relationship between hypertrophy and strength gain.

Methods
Data from a previous study—in which participants performed eight weeks of elbow flexor training, followed by an eight-week period of detraining—were reanalyzed using different statistical models, including standard between-subject correlations, analysis of covariance, and hierarchical linear modeling.

Results
The associative relationship between strength and hypertrophy is highly dependent upon both method/site of measurement and analysis; large differences in variance accounted for (VAF) by the statistical models were observed (VAF = 0–24.1%). Different sites and measurements of muscle size showed a range of correlations coefficients with one another (r = 0.326–0.945). Finally, exploratory analyses revealed moderate-to-strong relationships between within-individual strength-hypertrophy relationships and strength gained over the training period (ρ = 0.36–0.55).

Conclusions
Methods of measurement and analysis greatly influence the conclusions that may be drawn from a given dataset. Analyses that do not account for inter-individual differences may underestimate the relationship between hypertrophy and strength gain, and different methods of assessing muscle size will produce different results. It is suggested that robust experimental designs and analysis techniques, which control for different mechanistic sources of strength gain and inter-individual differences (e.g., muscle moment arms, muscle architecture, activation, and normalized muscle force), be employed in future investigations.
Two sugar beet chitinase genes,BvSP2andBvSE2, analysed with SNP Amplifluor-like markers, are highly expressed after Fusarium root rot inoculations and field susceptibility trial
Authors: Yerzhebayeva Raushan , Abekova Alfiya , Konysbekov Kerimkul , Bastaubayeva Sholpan , Kabdrakhmanova Aynur , Absattarova Aiman , Shavrukov Yuri 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundThe pathogens fromFusariumspecies can cause Fusarium root rot (RR) and other diseases in plant species including sugar beet (Beta vulgarisL.), and they have a strong negative impact on sugar beet yield and quality.MethodsA total of 22 sugar beet breeding lines were evaluated for the symptoms of RR after inoculation withFusarium oxysporumSch., isolate No. 5, and growth in a field trial. Two candidate genes for RR resistance,BvSP2andBvSE2, encoding chitinases Class IV and III, respectively, were previously identified in sugar beet, and used for genotyping using modern Amplifluor-like single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping approach. The qPCR expression analysis was used to verify responses of the candidate genes for RR infections.ResultsA strong association of two SNP markers forBvSP2andBvSE2with resistance to RR in sugar beet was found in our study. Very highBvSP2expression (100-fold compared to Controls) was observed in three RR resistant accessions (2182, 2236 and KWS2320) 14 days after inoculation which returned to the control level on Day 18. RR sensitive breeding line 2210 showed a delay in mRNA level, reaching maximal expression ofBvSP218 days after inoculation. The geneBvSE2, showed a strong expression level in leaf samples from the infected field trial only in the breeding line 2236, which showed symptoms of RR, and this may be a response to other strains ofF. oxysporum.
Production of Plutonium
Authors: Clark David L. , Freibert Franz J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis article provides a brief review of the actinide element plutonium and the technology of plutonium production, separation, purification, and conversion to metallic form. Over its known history, the understanding of chemistry, physics, and physical metallurgy of plutonium has been contingent on technical methods for pure metal production. Included here is a general discussion of current global inventories of plutonium based on recent assessments of civilian and military purposes. To the greatest extent, plutonium is produced in a nuclear reactor along with a large amount of fission products. The challenge is therefore to separate plutonium from uranium, other actinides, and fission products in irradiated targets and then purify it for use. This is performed globally using variations of the PUREX process, a chemical separation technology that extracts plutonium and uranium from all the other elements, and then from each other. Plutonium is then isolated from solutions using oxalate precipitation [either PuIIIor PuIV], followed by conversion to PuF4or PuO2. These are preferred solids that can then be reduced directly to metal. Reduction to metal can be achieved using a bomb reduction of PuF4, or a direct oxide reduction of PuO2in molten salts such as a (Na, K)Cl eutectic or CaCl2. Direct oxide reduction of PuO2is currently preferred due to reduced neutron backgrounds for worker safety. These reduction techniques result in no purification, and therefore the metal is purified using molten salt electrorefining with multiple electrorefining cycles necessary for desired purity. Physical metallurgy offers purification methods (i.e., zone refining and levitation distillation) reducing the overall impurity levels to 100 s of ppm level.
Electronic Structure of the Actinide Elements
Authors: Gendron Frédéric , Autschbach Jochen 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe electronic structure of actinide elements and complexes thereof is discussed in the context of first‐principles theory, with emphasis on the interplay of relativistic effects and static correlation, spin–orbit coupling, and the importance of ligand‐field interactions in actinide complexes. Selected actinide complexes are discussed in detail in order to illustrate these effects. It is also shown how the open 5f shells of actinides give rise to interesting magnetic properties.
Actinide Polyoxometalates
Authors: Burns Peter C. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Actinide polyoxometalates (POMs) are actinide oxide clusters built from actinides in their pentavalent and hexavalent oxidation states, and are currently restricted to clusters containing U(VI), Np(V), and Np(VI). A large family of uranyl peroxide clusters has been developed over the past 12 years that contain from 16 to 124 uranyl ions, with diameters as large as 4 nm. Most of these clusters are anionic cages, although a few are open crown‐ and bowl‐shaped clusters that are also anionic. In all cases, the outer and inner surfaces of uranyl peroxide clusters are stabilized by the presence of oxygen atoms that are part of uranyl ions, and that are strongly bonded to a U(VI) cation. These clusters all feature peroxide bridges between uranyl ions, where the peroxide is bidentate to both uranyl ions, as well as several other bridges that include hydroxyl, pyrophosphate, oxalate, nitrate, phosphate, phosphite, and others. Uranyl peroxide clusters form spontaneously in water at room temperature in minutes to weeks when a source of uranyl is combined with hydrogen peroxide and an alkali base, and the assembly mechanism involves a base‐promoted breakdown of peroxide that encourages linkages between uranyl polyhedra. Uranyl peroxide cages are very soluble in water and have several potential applications in nuclear fuel cycles. A small number of nonperoxide actinide POMs are also known, and these include a wheel‐shaped uranyl vanadyl sulfate cluster that was synthesized in an ionic liquid.
Vanadium: Polyoxometalate Chemistry
Authors: Stuckart Maria , Monakhov Kirill Yu. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this article, we shed light on inorganic and organic modifications of polyoxometalate structures incorporating single or multiple vanadium centers and of structures mainly based on vanadium‐oxo units. Vast reduction–oxidation chemistry of vanadium combined with changes in magnetic properties makes these structurally versatile compounds attractive candidates for applications in various areas of molecular science and engineering.
Iron–Sulfur Cluster Repair ProteinYtfE
Authors: Chen Chin‐Yu , Lo Feng‐Chun , Liaw Wen‐Feng 
Published: June 2018

AbstractYtfE, a repair of iron centers protein, plays roles in the response of the bacteria to oxidative and nitrosative stress. The 2.10 Å resolution crystal structure of the isolatedEscherichia coliYtfE reveals two‐domain architecture with the L‐shape of a C‐terminal nonheme iron‐containing hemerythrin‐like (Hr‐like) domain linked to an N‐terminal ScdA_N domain via a highly flexible pentapeptide loop. The geometry of the diiron core of YtfE is symmetrical with two five‐coordinate irons. Each iron has a bridging oxygen atom, two bridging carboxylates derived from Glu33/Glu208, and two histidines; His84/His204 are bound to Fe(II) and His129/His160 are bound to Fe(III). Structural analysis of YtfE reveals that the diiron core is connected to the solvent regions by two roughly orthogonal tunnels. Both tunnels have small radii, ranging from 1.2 to 2.4 Å, indicating that the possible substrates (or products) for YtfE are small molecules or ions. The long hydrophobic tunnel can facilitate electron transfer to active site, and the hydrophilic tunnel gated by a negatively glutamate triad may trap proton entry or center iron ion to exit. The mixed‐valence Fe(II)–Fe(III) core of the isolated YtfE bridged by μ‐oxo was characterized by UV–vis, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)/electron spin echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) experiments, magnetic circular dichroism (MCD), Mössbauer spectroscopy, resonance Raman, and extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. In spite of the isolated YtfE exhibiting the Fe(II)–Fe(III) state, the whole‐cell EPR spectrum shows that the YtfE protein exists in the reduced Fe(II)–Fe(II) state under normal cellular conditions. With regard to the repair function, YtfE may act as a ferrous‐ion donor, interacting with IscS or SufS to reassemble the Fe–S cluster of iron–sulfur proteins damaged by oxidative or nitrosative stress. Also, the Fe(II)–Fe(II) core of YtfE serves as an NO‐trapping scavenger to convert NO to N2O under the participation of electrons and protons.
CFEM
Protein
Csa2
Authors: Dvir Hay , Kornitzer Daniel 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

In order to satisfy their essential iron requirements, pathogenic microorganisms possess a variety of mechanisms to capture iron from the host. Fungi of the Ascomycetes clade use a set of extracellular cell wall‐anchored or secreted proteins, each carrying a CFEM (common in fungal extracellular membrane) domain, for heme–iron acquisition. The CFEM domain is unique to the fungal kingdom, and its primary structure is characterized by a conserved pattern of eight cysteines. A subset of CFEM proteins can bind free heme, or capture it from hemoglobin. The heme is then shuttled from one CFEM protein to the next across the fungal cell envelope to the plasma membrane. The best‐studied CFEM proteins are from
Candida albicans
, among which Csa2 is the only CFEM protein of known three‐dimensional (3D) structure. We describe here spectroscopic properties of free and heme‐bound CFEM proteins and the novel 3D structure of the CFEM domain with an exceptional heme–iron coordination that dictates preferential binding of oxidized (Fe
+3
) versus reduced heme (Fe
+2
).
Defect Engineering Metal‐Free Polymeric Carbon Nitride Electrocatalyst for Effective Nitrogen Fixation under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Lv Chade , Qian Yumin , Yan Chunshuang , Ding Yu , Liu Yuanyue , Chen Gang , Yu Guihua 
Published: June 2018

AbstractElectrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) under ambient conditions provides an intriguing picture for the conversion of N2 into NH3. However, electrocatalytic NRR mainly relies on metal‐based catalysts, and it remains a grand challenge in enabling effective N2 activation on metal‐free catalysts. Here we report a defect engineering strategy to realize effective NRR performance (NH3 yield: 8.09 μg h−1 mg−1cat., Faradaic efficiency: 11.59 %) on metal‐free polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) catalyst. Illustrated by density functional theory calculations, dinitrogen molecule can be chemisorbed on as‐engineered nitrogen vacancies of PCN through constructing a dinuclear end‐on bound structure for spatial electron transfer. Furthermore, the N−N bond length of adsorbed N2 increases dramatically, which corresponds to “strong activation” system to reduce N2 into NH3. This work also highlights the significance of defect engineering for improving electrocatalysts with weak N2 adsorption and activation ability.
Carbene in Cupredoxin Protein Scaffolds: Replacement of a Histidine Ligand in the Active Site Substantially Alters Copper Redox Properties
Authors: Planchestainer Matteo , Segaud Nathalie , Shanmugam Muralidharan , McMaster Jonathan , Paradisi Francesca , Albrecht Martin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractN‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands have had a major impact in homogeneous catalysis, however, their potential role in biological systems is essentially unexplored. We replaced a copper‐coordinating histidine (His) in the active site of the redox enzyme azurin with exogenous dimethyl imidazolylidene. This NHC rapidly restores the type‐1 Cu center, with spectroscopic properties (EPR, UV/Vis) that are identical to those from N‐coordination of the His in the wild type. However, the introduction of the NHC markedly alters the redox potential of the metal, which is a key functionality of this blue copper protein. These results suggest that C‐bonding for histidine is plausible and a potentially relevant bonding mode of redox‐active metalloenzymes in their (transient) active states.
Planung der Baugrube für eine neue Schleuse am Elbe‐Seitenkanal in Lüneburg
Authors: Helfers Björn , Henke Sascha , Kaya Hatice 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDer Elbe‐Seitenkanal (ESK) schließt den Seehafen Hamburg an das deutsche Binnenwasserstraßennetz an und ist damit die zentrale Hinterlandanbindung des Hamburger Hafens. Im Verlauf des ESK steht in Scharnebeck bei ESK‐km 106 das Schiffshebewerk (SHW) Lüneburg. Das Doppel‐Senkrechthebewerk, welches zwischen 1969 und 1975 errichtet wurde und schließlich 1976 in Betrieb genommen werden konnte, überwindet eine Fallhöhe von 38 m. Das SHW Lüneburg stellt in den heutigen Abmessungen zunehmend einen Engpass für die Schifffahrt dar und soll durch den Neubau einer Sparschleuse mit etagenförmig in den Kammerwänden integrierten Sparbecken und einer Nutzlänge von 225 m ergänzt werden. Für die Errichtung der Schleuse ist die Herstellung einer Baugrube mit den Abmessungen L/B/H = 260 m/60 m/25 m in unmittelbarer Nähe zum bestehenden und im Betrieb verbleibenden SHW erforderlich. Im Rahmen der Planung lag der Schwerpunkt neben der Entwurfs‐ und Ausführungsplanung der technisch anspruchsvollen Baugrubenkonstruktion vor allem auch in der Betrachtung der Auswirkungen der neuen Baugruben‐/Schleusenkonstruktion auf das direkt benachbarte SHW.