bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of the Sandwich Column with the Truss Core Which is Subjected to the Compressive Loading
Authors: Nikolić Ružica R. , Djoković Jelena M. , Bujňák Ján 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The sandwich structures have multifold advantages with respect to other types of structures. Besides the architectural possibilities due to their appearance, those structures can carry the same or even higher loads than some other similar structures. Optimization of the sandwich columns with the truss core, subjected to the compressive axial load, is presented in this paper. The two types of optimization were performed: the three-parameter and the four-parameter optimization - the so called full optimization. The optimization of the column geometry (face thickness, core member height and core member diameter and core height) was performed, from the aspect of the minimal weight of the structure in terms of the load index. It was performed for four types of restrictions imposed by the corresponding column failure modes: column buckling, truss macro-buckling, local buckling of the face and face wrinkling. The tree-parameter optimization resulted in somewhat larger weight of the column than the full, four-parameter optimization.
Treatment of peritoneal metastases from gastric carcinoma
Authors: Polkowski Wojciech P. , Rawicz-Pruszynski Karol , Mielko Jerzy , Geca Katarzyna , Skorzewska Magdalena , Cisel Bogumila 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPatients with advanced gastric cancer and positive peritoneal cytology and/or peritoneal dissemination are deemed to be incurable and to hold dismal prognosis. So far, the only treatment option for these patients has been palliative systemic (chemo)therapy. However, for the last three decades, great progress has been made in attempts to treat (potential) peritoneal dissemination by means of complete cytoreductive surgery combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) after preoperative systemic therapy. This review is focused on the recent achievements of this multimodal strategy. Additionally, the review stands as background for the 4thInternational Conference “Advances in Surgical Oncology” that was held at the Medical University of Lublin (Poland) in November 2017, and dedicated to cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC for advanced gastric cancer.
Does additional HIPEC help after CRS in peritoneal disseminated gastric cancer?
Authors: Rau Beate , Pachmayr Eva , Klos Dusan , Thuss-Patience Peter , Brandl Andreas 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The incidence of synchronous or metachronous peritoneal metastases (PM) in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer is high, and associated with a poor prognosis. The recommended therapeutic option for these patients is systemic chemotherapy and leads to a median of 7-8 months. However, new approaches like cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy might help to improve the median survival in selected patients.
Indications, patient selection and the choice of the chemotherapeutic agent are described in this manuscript, as well as an overview of the most recent literature about this topic.
Microbiological monitoring in patients with advanced ovarian cancer before and after cytoreductive surgery – a preliminary report
Authors: Szymankiewicz Maria , Koper Krzysztof , Dziobek Konrad , Kojs Zbigniew , Wicherek Lukasz 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) are becoming an increasing problem in hospitals. It is believed that screening patients for the incidence of MDROs prior to hospital admission not only allows for the proper management of infection following medical procedures, but can also potentially reduce the transmission of these bacteria to other patients.
The aim of this study was to assess the carriers of selected MDROs in the gastrointestinal tract among patients with advanced ovarian cancer admitted to the hospital for cytoreductive surgery and to estimate the possible relationship between rectal colonization with these organisms and nosocomial infections.
From December 2013 to May 2014, we evaluated the colonization with VRE (vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus), E. coli KPC+ (class A carbapenemase producing Escherichia coli), E. coli MBL+ (class B carbapenemase, metallo-ß lactamase producing Escherichia coli), and E. coli ESBL+ (extended-spectrum ß-lactamase producing Escherichia coli) in 42 patients. The patients were divided into two subgroups corresponding to the extent of their surgery: the first subgroup consisted of patients with large bowel resection (n=18) and the second subgroup of patients without resection (n=24). A rectal swab was taken within 24 hours of admission. Perioperative infectious complications were analyzed for the first 90 days following surgery with regard to the type of infection and the occurrence of examined MDROs.
In our study, 2.4 % of all patients (23.8/1,000 hospitalizations) were colonized with ESBL - producing Escherichia coli: 0.0 % in the first subgroup and 4.2% in the second subgroup, respectively. We did not identify any patients who were colonized with VRE, E. coli MBL+, or E. coli KPC+. Surgical site infections were seen in 8 (19.1%) out of 42 patients. We were, therefore, unable to confirm a relationship between MDROs colonizing the large bowel and the etiological agents of perioperative infections. However, despite the lack of identification of MDROs as etiological agents of postoperative infection, the risk of serious infectious complications, combined with the changing epidemiological situation, means that microbiological monitoring should be performed in patients with ovarian cancer before and after cytoreductive surgery.
Deformation induced topographic effects in inversion of temporal gravity changes: First look at Free Air and Bouguer terms
Authors: Vajda Peter , Zahorec Pavol Pavol , Papčo Juraj , Kubová Anna 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We review here the gravitational effects on the temporal (time-lapse) gravity changes induced by the surface deformation (vertical displacements). We focus on two terms, one induced by the displacement of the benchmark (gravity station) in the ambient gravity field, and the other imposed by the attraction of the masses within the topographic deformation rind. The first term, coined often the Free Air Effect (FAE), is the product of the vertical gradient of gravity (VGG) and the vertical displacement of the benchmark. We examine the use of the vertical gradient of normal gravity, typically called the theoretical or normal Free Air Gradient (normal FAG), as a replacement for the true VGG in the FAE, as well as the contribution of the topography to the VGG. We compute a topographic correction to the normal FAG, to offer a better approximation of the VGG, and evaluate its size and shape (spatial behavior) for a volcanic study area selected as the Central Volcanic Complex (CVC) on Tenerife, where this correction reaches 77% of the normal FAG and varies rapidly with terrain. The second term, imposed by the attraction of the vertically displaced topo-masses, referred to here as the Topographic Deformation Effect (TDE) must be computed by numerical evaluation of the Newton volumetric integral. As the effect wanes off quickly with distance, a high resolution DEM is required for its evaluation. In practice this effect is often approximated by the planar or spherical Bouguer deformation effect (BDE). By a synthetic simulation at the CVC of Tenerife we show the difference between the rigorously evaluated TDE and its approximation by the planar BDE. The complete effect, coined here the Deformation Induced Topographic Effect (DITE) is the sum of FAE and TDE. Next we compare by means of synthetic simulations the DITE with two approximations of DITE typically used in practice: one amounting only to the first term in which the VGG is approximated by normal FAG, the other adopting a Bouguer corrected normal FAG (BCFAG).
Bioindication assessment of activated sludge Adaptation in a Lab-Scale Experiment
Authors: Babko Roman , Kuzmina Tatiana , Jaromin-Gleń Katarzyna , Bieganowski Andrzej 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The adaptation of activated sludge from the Hajdow sewage treatment plant in a laboratory SBR was studied. The structure of the ciliate assembly was considered as a criterion. 32 ciliate species were found during the experiment. The composition and changes in the ciliate community structure during the process of activated sludge adaptation was examined. In the process of adaptation, reduction was observed in the number of ciliate species together with an increase in assembly total abundance. The decrease in the Shannon diversity index and equitability index in the adaptation process was observed. In the process of adaptation, two states of ciliate assembly were marked out - unstable transient period and stable period. During the transient period, reduction of ammonium utilization efficiency down to 50% and its subsequent increase up to 80% in the stable period were observed. In the transient period, the Simpson dominance index remained low but increased in the stable period. At a temperature of 10°C, the transient period lasted from six to nine days. After the stabilization process, the diversity of the ciliate assemblage remained at a lower level. Rarefaction methods showed that the number of potential ecological niches of ciliate amounted to 30 in the adaptation period, whereas there were only 15-20 ecological niches in adapted sludge.
Towards Methodological Problems of Trophic State Assessment of Running Waters
Authors: Neverova-Dziopak Elena , Kowalewski Zbigniew 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Deep analysis of trophic state assessment methods has led to conclusion, that currently there is no universal methodology and existing methods are characterized by significant shortcomings. The approach proposed by the authors is different from generally used. Authors start from the assumption, that trophic state can be reflected by the state of biotic balance, which can be described by the values of Index of Trophic State. Researches were carried out in order to assess the trophic state of running waters and to estimate the limiting role of biogenic substances for eutrophication process development on the base of author's concept founded on above mentioned index.
In the shadow of urban development. Postwar depopulating towns in Poland, 1946-1990
Authors: Kantor-Pietraga Iwona 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The article addresses the problem of depopulating towns in the postwar period (1946–1990) in Poland. The essence of this study is to highlight the problem rather neglected in scientific research on two levels – empirical and explanatory. In the article, a full inventory of towns, which recorded a decrease in population, in the period, was made on the basis of available statistical sources and relating studies on the issues of population. Due to short-term population swings, only the facts related to depopulation that took place in perspective of the designated research sub-periods were taken into consideration: 1946–1950, 1950–1960, 1960–1970, 1970–1980 and 1980–1990. The analysis was made on the basis of the contemporary administrative division of the country into provinces. The primary purpose of the article was an attempt to answer the question regarding the role of depopulation in the socialist period and the possible connotations of this fact, in relation to population loss reported presently in Polish towns. The starting point was, however, a detailed discussion of conditions of urban depopulation in the socialist period. It was recognized that the understanding of this genetically multifaceted problem should form the basis of interpretation to any generalizations made in relation to the past, present and future demographic changes in Poland and other countries. It was also found that understanding the facts connected with demographic development should be a canon of research conducted with reference to the analysed problems. The raised issue of demographic decrease in Polish towns during the socialist period, falls within such an explanatory model.
Congress Tourism As A Market Niche Of Business Tourism
Authors: Šušić Vukašin , Mojić Jovica 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Congress tourism is a highly lucrative segment of the tourist offer, which usually happens outside the tourist season. The development of congress tourism requires the existence of high-quality congress tourism offer that will meet the needs of the participants and organizers of the conference. Participants in congresses are demanding guests, but also capable of payment, but they need to ensure all necessary preconditions for quality work, but also to adequately have free time. In this regard, the fundamental role of congress tourism is to promote tourism with well-organized system of promotional activities, continuing education, personnel, market research, application of quality standards etc. Congress tourism, and all the facilities are very important in the future tourism development in Serbia, especially when it comes to large gatherings that generate significant revenue. The aim of this paper is to analyze the main characteristics of congress tourism market in the world and Serbia, which has all the requirements to become a leading destination of this form of tourism in Southeastern Europe.
Leader – Ex-Post Evaluation of the Delivery Mechanism / Leader – Ex-Post Hodnotenie Implementačného Mechanizmu
Authors: Bumbalová Monika , Takáč Ivan , Valach Martin , Tvrdoňová Jela 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
LEADER approach represents one of the basic pillars of current rural development policy implemented at the European level. Logical foundation of the approach is based on 7 key features, which should be horizontally presented throughout the whole delivery mechanism. That is why the presented paper is oriented on answering the research question: to what extent was delivery mechanism of LEADER (at the level of managing authority and local action groups) during the programming period 2007-2013 supporting the implementation of 7 features of LEADER approach. In order to fulfi l the stated objective there must be individual steps of delivery mechanism defi ned at both levels, consequently all the features of LEADER approach were described and the criteria of success - benchmarks were determined. Mutual linking of these steps resulted in creation of an implementation matrix what represents a visual outcome of the study.
Obligations Related to the Transportation of pet Animals (Eu Legislation) / Povinnosti Súvisiace S Prepravou Spoločenských Zvierat (Európska Legislatíva)
Authors: Pavlíková Barbara 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
A present paper deals with the question very often solved by the pet owner all around the EU Member States. It provides a closer look at the obligations associated with the travelling with the pet animals between the Member States or between the Member State and the third countries. It is focused on non-commercial transportation of pets, as vacation, trip, etc. Contribution by the means of synthesis, analysis and comparison offers an overview of the fundamental EU legislative acts in the fi eld in question. It also addresses the issue of pet passports, the most important identifi cation document, required for pet animals at the EU territory. Defi nitions of the frequently used terminology are listed.
The PE Ratio and the Predicted Earnings Growth – the Case of Poland
Authors: Kurach Radosław , Słoński Tomasz 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We examine the components of equity returns on the Polish capital market. To analyse the underlying complexity of returns we took into consideration the model designed by Leibowitz (1999). This model captures three factors: dividend yield, expected growth in earnings and expected change in price-to-earnings (PE) ratio. We applied this model to analyse the average discount/premium not only to particular shares but to market averages as well. Firstly, we examined the variation of PE across the companies (as adapted from Penman (1996)) to analyse the average rate of return and their striking distance of individual stocks from a ‘normal’ level. Then we checked the transitory earnings in the portfolios of high PE, whereby a fall in current earnings relative to sustainable level of earnings leads to a transitory high PE ratio. We expect that the effect of transience in current year earnings can be significant. Lastly, we analysed the individual companies in order to check what percentage of companies give a “correct” signal about future prospects.
The influence of seedling density in containers on morphological characteristics of European beech
Authors: Wrzesiński Piotr 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This study examines the influence on growth parameters, in particular the morphological features of the root system, of 1-year-old European beech seedlings cultivated in containers with two different densities. The experiment was conducted in the container nursery in Skierdy (Forest District of Jabłonna) in spring 2011. After 10 months of cultivation in Hiko polyethylene containers, above- and below-ground parts of the seedlings were measured. The measurements of the root system were conducted with a scanner and the WinRHIZO software. No influence due to the seedling density on either shoot height or thickness was observed, but instead the research showed that different seedling densities affected the development of root systems. The mean root thickness and dry mass of the European beech seedlings were significantly higher at the lower density. The influence of seedling density on the development of root mass deserves special attention as it is the most important factor affecting future growth of the seedlings during cultivation. This tendency also suggests that the amount of nutrients allocated to shoot development may be higher in order to improve the efficiency of photosynthesis. At both densities, differences in biomass accumulation affected the root-toshoot ratio. In seedlings cultivated at the lower density, the increased dry root matter of the seedlings resulted in a significant increase in the root-to-shoot ratio. This may cause a potential growth advantage of these seedlings after they are planted and may thus result in a more productive cultivation.
The influence of the cutting attachment on vibrations emitted by brush cutters and grass trimmers
Authors: Wójcik Krzysztof 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Generally, the choice of cutting attachment used in brush cutters for brushwoods and grasses depends on the type of work, on one hand, and the size of the engine, on the other. However, at the same time, the use of individually chosen cutting elements entails a certain risk of vibration resulting from their varying design and size, which has a big impact on comfort and working time, but most importantly on operator health.
The aim of the study is a preliminary analysis of the dangers due to vibration of brush cutters and to determine how the choice of the cutting attachment affects the intensity of the vibrations emitted by the machine. Furthermore, one aim was to determine the daily vibration exposure, relative to an equivalent value of vibration, experienced by the device operator.
This study involved four models of brush cutters with three machines of each model, differing in size (displacement and engine power) and equipped with six different cutting elements. A vibration acceleration test was carried out in accordance with the applicable PN-EN ISO 5349-1 and 2: 2004 and Directive 2002/44 / EC.
An analysis of the obtained results leads to the conclusion that the examined professional brush cutters emit vibrations of such intensity that the daily exposure limit (5 m s−2) is exceeded more than two-fold. One cannot directly determine the influence on vibration intensity by the type of cutting attachment or the exhaust, but it should be noted that use of a cutting unit as recommended by the manufacturer creates less harmful vibrations, especially when the engine runs at the nominal rotational speed. In order to minimise the risk due to vibrations from brush cutters, engines with a cylinder capacity below 45 cm3 are recommended to be equipped with trimmer heads and disk knives, while engines with over 50 cm3 should run with circular saws.
Comparing Empetro nigri-Pinetum and Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis soils in terms of organic matter stocks and ecochemical indices in the Słowiński National Park
Authors: Jonczak Jerzy , Parzych Agnieszka 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We conducted comparative studies on soil organic matter stocks and indices of the soil’s ecochemical state under Empetro nigri-Pinetum (En-P) and Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis (Vu-Bp) in the Słowiński National Park. The investigated plant communities are associated with Arenosols that developed from eolian sands and are exposed to high groundwater levels. The presence of fossil Histosol at a depth of 75 cm in the Vu-Bp stand, which lies below the current groundwater level, is the factor that sets both stands apart. The fossil soil strongly differs from Arenosol in terms of its chemical composition. A high abundance of nutrients in bioavailable forms in the soil is one of the reasons for natural renewal of downy birch in the stand, which presence in turn affects the turnover of elements and the properties of Arenosol. The results of our studies confirm the existence of strong feedback between the soil and plant communities. Soils under the mixed pine-birch Vu-Bp stand are characterized by smaller stocks of organic matter and total organic carbon (TOC) contained in the ectohumus as compared to the soils under the pure pine En-P stand. The opposite is found in the humic horizon. Additionally, in the Vu-Bp stand we observed greater accumulation of total nitrogen (TN) in ectohumus, which is reflected in lower TOC:TN ratios. The contents of TN and TOC:TN ratios in humic horizons were similar in both stands. The soils under En-P were more strongly acidified, especially in O-horizons. Mineral horizons in both stands were characterized by a very small sorptive capacity, which increased in ectohumus and fossil soil. Significant differences between the stands were observed in the ionic composition of sorptive complexes. The soils under Vu-Bp stand were more strongly saturated with basic cations, predominantly calcium. In soil solums of both stands, we observed a deficit of bioavailable potassium and magnesium, which was partially compensated by significant amounts of these components in ectohumus and fossil soil in the Vu-Bp stand. Despite a strongly acidic pH, molar Ca:Al ratios suggest that there are no phytotoxic effects due to free aluminium in ectohumus, while they are unlikely in mineral horizons. The risk of phytotoxic effects is reduced by the influx of calcium from groundwater.