bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relating species richness to the structure of continuous landscapes: alternative methodological approaches
Authors: Gallardo‐Cruz José Alberto , Hernández‐Stefanoni José Luis , Moser Dietmar , Martínez‐Yrizar Angelina , Llobet Sergi , Meave Jorge A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNumerous studies have focused on the relationship between landscape structure and plant diversity based on the patch‐mosaic landscape paradigm, by deriving structural data from classified images. Since the use of discrete classes poses limitations for predicting biodiversity patterns in complex, low human‐impacted ecosystems, two alternative methods have been used to analyze changes of landscape attributes in a continuum: moving‐window metrics and surface metrics (image texture). Here, we compare these two approaches for predicting richness of all plant species, legume species, legume trees, legume shrubs, legume forbs, and legume climbers across a tropical landscape in Mexico, based on the records of vascular plants in 250 10 × 10 m plots. Multiple regression and variance partitioning methods were used to analyze the effects of the two landscape descriptors (moving‐window and surface metrics), scale (400‐ and 200‐m moving‐window sides), and space (based on the extraction of principal coordinates of neighbor matrices’ vectors) on species richness. The predictive power of all metrics was relatively small for total species richness, but generally higher for legume species. For legume forbs, surface metrics‐based models indicated a direct association between species richness and landscape homogeneity. Moving‐window metrics were highly sensitive to the biological group and to spatial scale, likely due to a leftover effect of image classification procedures. Conversely, surface metrics were more independent from scale and taxonomy. Attempts to predict species richness in highly diverse, low human‐impacted tropical ecosystems more rapidly and accurately should better rely on surface metrics rather than on moving‐window metrics, in line with the continuous landscape paradigm.
A modified trait‐based framework for assessing the resilience of ecosystem services provided by coral reef communities
Authors: Carturan Bruno S. , Parrott Lael , Pither Jason 
Published: May 2018

AbstractClimate change and other anthropogenic disturbances are having dramatic impacts on tropical coral reefs and the ecosystem services they provide. Anticipating change in ecosystem services is a pressing challenge that requires understanding how species respond to an environmental change, and how they contribute to ecosystem services. Building on analogous efforts by plant ecologists, we propose a trait‐based framework that aims to predict the resistance and recovery of coral ecosystem services against both pulse and press disturbances. The framework involves identifying effect, resistance, and recovery traits across coral species and using these to ascertain how species might (1) contribute to a service, (2) resist disturbance, and (3) recover after the disturbance. By identifying trait functional overlaps and quantifying correlations among the trait types, the framework can yield a better understanding of the potential mechanistic links between community assembly, ecosystem dynamics, and ecosystem functioning. We demonstrate the utility of the framework by applying it to a virtual scenario, implemented via simulation, in which habitat provisioning is the focal ecosystem service, and cyclones and bleaching events are the disturbances of interest. This demonstration required us to assemble an extensive dataset of relevant traits—a process that revealed key gaps in the coral trait database and in our understanding of coral functional ecology. The framework can provide predictive power for the resilience of ecosystem services and can also help identify crucial knowledge gaps, research objectives, and strategies for applying a trait‐based approach to advancing coral reef science and conservation.
How can mortality increase population size? A test of two mechanistic hypotheses
Authors: McIntire Kristina M. , Juliano Steven A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOvercompensation occurs when added mortality increases survival to the next life‐cycle stage. Overcompensation can contribute to the Hydra effect, wherein added mortality increases equilibrium population size. One hypothesis for overcompensation is that added mortality eases density dependence, increasing survival to adulthood (“temporal separation of mortality and density dependence”). Mortality early in the life cycle is therefore predicted to cause overcompensation, whereas mortality later in the life cycle is not. Another hypothesis for overcompensation is that threat of mortality (e.g., from predation) causes behavioral changes that reduce overexploitation of resources, allowing resource recovery, and increasing production of adults (“prudent resource exploitation”). Behaviorally active predation cues alone are therefore predicted to cause overcompensation. We tested these predictions in two experiments with larvae of two species ofAedes. As predicted, early mortality yielded greater production of adults, and of adult females, and greater estimated rate of population increase than did later mortality. Addition of water‐borne predation cues usually reduced browsing on surfaces in late‐stage larvae, but contrary to prediction, resulted in neither significantly greater production of adult mosquitoes nor significantly greater estimated rate of increase. Thus we have strong evidence that timing of mortality contributes to overcompensation and the Hydra effect in mosquitoes. Evidence that predation cues alone can result in overcompensation via prudent resource exploitation is lacking. We expect the overcompensation in response to early mortality will be common in organisms with complex life cycles, density dependence among juveniles, and developmental control of populations.
Beyond neutrality: disentangling the effects of species sorting and spurious correlations in community analysis
Authors: Clappe Sylvie , Dray Stéphane , Peres‐Neto Pedro R. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe methods of direct gradient analysis and variation partitioning are the most widely used frameworks to evaluate the contributions of species sorting to metacommunity structure. In many cases, however, species are also driven by spatial processes that are independent of environmental heterogeneity (e.g., neutral dynamics). As such, spatial autocorrelation can occur independently in both species (due to limited dispersal) and the environmental data, leading to spurious correlations between species distributions and the spatialized (i.e., spatially autocorrelated) environment. In these cases, the method of variation partitioning may present high Type I error rates (i.e., reject the null hypothesis more often than the pre‐established critical level) and inflated estimates regarding the environmental component that is used to estimate the importance of species sorting. In this paper, we (1) demonstrate that metacommunities driven by neutral dynamics (via limited dispersal) alone or in combination with species sorting leads to inflated estimates and Type I error rates when testing for the importance of species sorting; and (2) propose a general and flexible new variation partitioning procedure to adjust for spurious contributions due to spatial autocorrelation from the environmental fraction. We used simulated metacommunity data driven by pure neutral, pure species sorting, and mixed (i.e., neutral + species sorting dynamics) processes to evaluate the performances of our new methodological framework. We also demonstrate the utility of the proposed framework with an empirical plant dataset in which we show that half of the variation initially due to the environment by the standard variation partitioning framework was due to spurious correlations.
Region‐specific deletions of the glutamate transporter GLT1 differentially affect nerve injury‐induced neuropathic pain in mice
Authors: Zhao Zhuoyang , Hiraoka Yuichi , Ogawa Hiroshi , Tanaka Kohichi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractGlutamate is a major excitatory neurotransmitter and plays an important role in neuropathic pain, which is frequently caused by nerve damage. According to recent studies, nerve injury induces changes in glutamatergic transmission in the spinal cord and several supraspinal regions, including the periaqueductal gray (PAG). Among glutamate signaling components, accumulating evidence suggests that the glial glutamate transporter GLT1 plays a critical role in neuropathic pain. Indeed, GLT1 expression is reduced in the spinal cord but increased in the PAG after nerve injury, suggesting that the role of GLT1 in neuropathic pain may vary according to the brain region. In this study, we generated PAG‐specific and spinal cord‐specific GLT1 knockout mice. Nerve injury‐induced neuropathic pain was enhanced in spinal cord‐specific GLT1 knockout mice but alleviated in PAG‐specific GLT1 knockout mice. Thus, nerve injury may enhance glutamatergic neurotransmission from primary sensory neurons to the post‐synaptic dorsal horn following downregulation of GLT1 in the spinal cord and result in inadequate descending pain inhibition caused by GLT1 upregulation in the PAG, resulting in neuropathic pain. In addition, ceftriaxone upregulated GLT1 expression in the spinal cord, but not the PAG, of control mice and attenuated tactile hypersensitivity in nerve‐injured control mice but not in nerve‐injured spinal cord‐specific GLT1 knockout mice. Based on these results, the anti‐neuropathic pain effect of ceftriaxone is mediated by the upregulation of GLT1 expression in the spinal cord. Thus, selective upregulation of spinal GLT1 and/or downregulation of GLT1 in the PAG represents a potentially novel strategy for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
A systematic review of effort‐reward imbalance among health workers
Authors: Nguyen Van Huy , Dinh Le Mai , Nguyen Van Thanh , Nguyen Ngoc Dung , Tran Thi Ngoc Anh , Nguyen The Phuong 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThe purpose of this article is to systematically collate effort‐reward imbalance (ERI) rates among health workers internationally and to assess gender differences. The effort‐reward (ER) ratio ranges quite widely from 0.47 up to 1.32 and the ERI rate from 3.5% to 80.7%. Many studies suggested that health workers contribute more than they are rewarded, especially in Japan, Vietnam, Greece, and Germany—with ERI rates of 57.1%, 32.3%, 80.7%, and 22.8% to 27.6%, respectively. Institutions can utilize systems such as the new appraisal and reward system, which is based on performance rather than the traditional system, seniority, which creates a more competitive working climate and generates insecurity. Additionally, an increased workload and short stay patients are realities for workers in a health care environment, while the structure of human resources for health care remains inadequate. Gender differences within the ER ratio can be explained by the continued impact of traditional gender roles on attitudes and motivations that place more pressure to succeed for men rather than for women. This systematic review provides some valued evidence for public health strategies to improve the ER balance among health workers in general as well as between genders in particular. An innovative approach for managing human resources for health care is necessary to motivate and value contributions made by health workers.
Single‐incision laparoscopic abdominal cerclage placement: A retrospective study of single‐port and robotic single‐port versus multiport laparoscopy
Authors: Zhang Yiming , Gandhi Manisha , Birchall Courtney , Guan Xiaoming 
Published: May 2018

Single‐incision laparoscopic surgery is a potential alternative method for abdominal cerclage placement before conception in women needing this intervention.
TSFDC: A trading strategy based on forecasting directional change
Authors: Bakhach Amer M. , Tsang Edward P.K. , Raju Chinthalapati V.L. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryDirectional Change (DC) is a technique to summarize price movements in a financial market. According to the DC concept, data is sampled only when the magnitude of price change is significant according to the investor. In this paper, we develop a contrarian trading strategy named TSFDC. TSFDC is based on a forecasting model which aims to predict the change of the direction of market's trend under the DC context. We examine the profitability, risk and risk‐adjusted return of TSFDC in the FX market using eight currency pairs. The results suggest that TSFDC outperforms the buy and hold approach and another DC‐based trading strategy.
A comparison of the bone regeneration and soft‐tissue‐formation capabilities of various injectable‐grafting materials in a rabbit calvarial defect model
Authors: Chen Chih‐Long , Tien Han‐Wen , Chuang Chia‐Hui , Chen Ying‐Chieh 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRestoring adequate blood supply is essential to the success of bone repair and augmentation procedures in craniofacial surgery. Nevertheless, the manner by which the incorporation of collagen gels (which can potentially induce angiogenesis), particulated deproteinized bovine bone grafts, or a combination of both can accelerate or delay bone regeneration in a clinical setting remains controversial. The objective of this study was to evaluate radiographically and histologically the capacity and functionality of particulated bone grafts and collagen gels on bone ossification and soft tissue formation in a rabbit calvarial defect. Bilateral calvarial defects in adult white New Zealand rabbits were filled or left either unfilled with bone grafts (DBBM), collagen gels (Gel), or a combination of both (DBBM + Gel). The defects were allowed to heal for 1, 2, and 6 months postoperatively before termination. Healing and regeneration patterns were assessed by 3D µCT and histological methods, and the biomechanical properties of regenerated tissue constructs were investigated and compared with autogenous calvarial bone. Results show that implanted DBBM and DBBM + Gel significantly enhanced immature bone formation compared with the empty and Gel groups; the latter treatment improved soft tissue formation and impeded immature bone formation but yielded no significant effect on mature bone formation. Implantation of DBBM not only effectively reconstructed 188.83 ± 25.25% of the tissue volume of the original defect, but it also regenerated bone tissue with similar tissue composition and biomechanical properties as the original autogenous bone. We also show that implanting different biomaterials can control the composition of soft and hard tissue in reconstructed tissue constructs in calvarial bone defects. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 529–544, 2019.
Multiple Doses of Rifabutin Reduce Exposure of Doravirine in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Khalilieh Sauzanne G. , Yee Ka Lai , Sanchez Rosa I. , Liu Rachel , Fan Li , Martell Maureen , Jordan Heather , Iwamoto Marian 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDoravirine is a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor in clinical development for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus‐1 infection in combination with other antiretroviral therapies. The cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A‐dependent metabolism of doravirine makes it susceptible to interactions with modulators of this pathway, including the antituberculosis treatment rifampin. Rifabutin, an alternative antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis, may have a lower‐magnitude effect on CYP3A. The aim of this trial was to determine the effect of steady‐state rifabutin on doravirine single‐dose pharmacokinetics and tolerability. In this open‐label, 2‐period, fixed‐sequence, drug‐drug interaction study, healthy subjects received a single dose of doravirine 100 mg alone and coadministered on day 14 of once‐daily administration of rifabutin 300 mg for 16 days. Plasma samples were taken to determine doravirine pharmacokinetics, and safety was monitored throughout. Dose adjustment of doravirine in the presence of coadministered rifabutin was explored through nonparametric superposition analysis. Rifabutin reduced doravirine area under the concentration‐time curve from time zero to infinite and plasma drug concentration 24 hours postdose with geometric mean ratios ([rifabutin+doravirine]/[doravirine alone]) (90%CIs) of 0.50 (0.45‐0.55) and 0.32 (0.28‐0.35), respectively. Doravirine apparent clearance increased from 5.9 L/h without rifabutin to 12.2 L/h when coadministered. Doravirine pharmacokinetics with and without coadministered rifabutin were not equivalent. Nonparametric superposition analysis projected that administration of doravirine 100 mg twice daily with rifabutin will restore steady‐state trough concentration values to efficacious levels associated with doravirine 100 mg once daily in the absence of CYP3A inducers. Doravirine may be coadministered with rifabutin when the doravirine dose frequency is increased from 100 mg once daily to 100 mg twice daily.
CYP2C19 or CYP3A5 Genotyping Does Not Predict Clinical Response to Clopidogrel
Authors: Rodríguez‐González Fayna , Martínez‐Quintana Efren , Saavedra Pedro , Medina‐Gil José M. , Riaño Marta , Garay‐Sánchez Paloma , Tugores Antonio 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAlong with aspirin, clopidogrel has been a widely used antiplatelet therapeutic regimen. Although generally well tolerated, its efficacy varies among individuals, with the main hypothesis that its bioavailability relies on its bioconversion to the active compound, which, in turn, depends on the genetic background and/or interactions with other drugs. To determine which factors influenced response in our patients, 368 patients receiving combined antiaggregation therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel were followed for 1 year to record 30 novel cardiovascular acute events. This clinical relapse was considered a surrogate end point to measure therapeutic response under the influence of the CYP2C19*2, *3, and *17 and CYP3A5*3 alleles, as well as the effects of concomitant medication and the presence of known cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidity. We show that either single CYP2C19 or CYP3A5 genotyping or combined were not useful to predict clinical efficacy in this cohort. Rather than genetic testing, we have found that clinical observations such as suffering type 2 diabetes mellitus requiring insulin, having several vessels affected, and concurrent medication with calcium channel blockers, regardless of CYP3A5 genotype or drug class were, in that order, the strongest independent predictors of disease relapse.
Artificial light pollution: Shifting spectral wavelengths to mitigate physiological and health consequences in a nocturnal marsupial mammal
Authors: Dimovski Alicia M. , Robert Kylie A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe focus of sustainable lighting tends to be on reduced CO2 emissions and cost savings, but not on the wider environmental effects. Ironically, the introduction of energy‐efficient lighting, such as light emitting diodes (LEDs), may be having a great impact on the health of wildlife. These white LEDs are generated with a high content of short‐wavelength ‘blue’ light. While light of any kind can suppress melatonin and the physiological processes it regulates, these short wavelengths are potent suppressors of melatonin. Here, we manipulated the spectral composition of LED lights and tested their capacity to mitigate the physiological and health consequences associated with their use. We experimentally investigated the impact of white LEDs (peak wavelength 448 nm; mean irradiance 2.87 W/m2), long‐wavelength shifted amber LEDs (peak wavelength 605 nm; mean irradiance 2.00 W/m2), and no lighting (irradiance from sky glow < 0.37 × 10−3 W/m2), on melatonin production, lipid peroxidation, and circulating antioxidant capacity in the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii). Night‐time melatonin and oxidative status were determined at baseline and again following 10 weeks exposure to light treatments. White LED exposed wallabies had significantly suppressed nocturnal melatonin compared to no light and amber LED exposed wallabies, while there was no difference in lipid peroxidation. Antioxidant capacity declined from baseline to week 10 under all treatments. These results provide further evidence that short‐wavelength light at night is a potent suppressor of nocturnal melatonin. Importantly, we also illustrate that shifting the spectral output to longer wavelengths could mitigate these negative physiological impacts.
Synthesis and Anticancer Evaluation of Some Novel 5‐Amino[1,2,4]Triazole Derivatives
Authors: Hassan Aisha Y. , Sarg Marwa T. , Bayoumi Ashraf H. , El‐Deeb Moshira A. 
Published: May 2018

Novel [1,2,4]triazole derivatives were synthesized via various synthetic pathways. Among which were different substituted [1,2,4]triazole analogues that were synthesized, in addition to various fused [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine derivatives, [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐a][1,3,5]triazines, and [1,2,4]triazolo[5,1‐c][1,2,4]triazines. Besides, benzo[h][1,2,4]triazolo[5,1‐b]quinazolines, [1,2,4]triazolo‐[5,1‐b]quinazoline, [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐a]quinazoline and [1,2,4]triazolo[5,1‐d][1,2,3,5]tetrazine derivatives were also synthesized. The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activity against liver cancer HepG2 and breast cancer MCF7 cell lines compared with the reference drug doxorubicin. Compounds 4, 7, 15, 17, 28, 34, and 47 were found to exert promising anticancer activity against HepG2 cell line showing IC50 values ranging from 17.69 to 25.4 μM/L, while compounds 7, 14a, 17, 28, and 34 showed significant activity against MCF7 cell line with IC50 values ranging from 17.69 to 27.09 μM/L.
Vein resection during pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma: Patency rates and outcomes associated with thrombosis
Authors: Snyder Rebecca A. , Prakash Laura R. , Nogueras‐Gonzalez Graciela M. , Kim Michael P. , Aloia Thomas A. , Vauthey Jean‐Nicolas , Lee Jeffrey E. , Fleming Jason B. , Katz Matthew H.G. , Tzeng Ching‐Wei D. 
Published: May 2018

Background and ObjectivesVenous patency rates after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) with portal vein (PV) resection are not well established, and the oncologic impact of portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is unknown. The primary aim of this study was to determine rates and predictors of PVT after PD with PV resection for pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC).MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed on PDAC patients treated with preoperative therapy and PD with PV resection at a high‐volume institution (2008‐15). Primary outcomes were early and late PVT (≤ or >90 days of surgery). Secondary outcomes included major complications and OS.ResultsPatients undergoing vein resection (N = 120) included 41.7% (N = 50) primary repair or patch venoplasty, 29.2% (N = 35) primary anastomosis, and 29.2% (N = 35) interposition graft. Thirty‐four (28.3%) patients developed PVT (early 7.5% [N = 9]; late 20.8% [N = 25]). Late PVT was often detected concurrently with local recurrence (76.0%; N = 19). There was no association of PVT with vascular resection extent or complications (P > 0.05). On multivariable analysis, PVT was associated with worse OS (HR 2.2 [95% CI 1.34‐3.5], P < 0.001).ConclusionsOverall postoperative patency rates following PV resection PDAC were high. PVT is associated with worse OS, which appears less likely related to technical issues, but rather representative of disease biology.