bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contextual Variables and Training Load Throughout a Competitive Period in a Top-Level Male Soccer Team
Authors: Rago Vincenzo , Rebelo António , Krustrup Peter , Mohr Magni 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Rago, V, Rebelo, A, Krustrup, P, and Mohr, M. Contextual variables and training load throughout a competitive period in a top-level male soccer team. J Strength Cond Res 35(11): 3177–3183, 2021—The aim of the present study was to investigate and quantify the weekly training load (TL) according to different match-related contextual factors in a professional male soccer team (n = 23). Training load was quantified using a 10-Hz global positioning system with integrated 100-Hz accelerometer and heart rate recordings over a 3-month competitive period. Total distance (TD) covered and high-speed running (HSR, >16 km·h−1) during training were higher in the week after playing against a bottom-level or top-level opponent compared to a medium-level opponent (p < 0.05; effect size [ES] = 0.30–1.04). TD was also higher when preparing for a match against a bottom-level opponent (p < 0.05; ES = 0.39–0.76). In addition, the percentage of HSR was higher after playing a bottom-level compared to a medium-level opponent (p < 0.001; ES = 0.49 [0.27; 0.71]). TD covered was higher in the week following a draw or a win, and higher before a loss compared to a draw (p < 0.05, ES = 0.32–0.81). Both absolute HSR and HSR expressed as percentage of TD were higher before losing and winning a match compared to a draw (p < 0.05; ES = 0.72–0.98). Weekly TL seems to be slightly affected by match-related contextual variables, with special emphasis on the opponent standard and match outcome. Higher training volume was observed before and after playing against a top-level opponent, and after losing a match, whereas the volume of high-intensity training seems to be higher when preparing for a game against a top-level opponent. Future experimental research should clarify the interaction between match-related contextual variables (e.g., cause) and weekly TL (e.g., effect).
Mechanomyographic Amplitude Is Sensitive to Load-Dependent Neuromuscular Adaptations in Response to Resistance Training
Authors: Jenkins Nathaniel D.M. , Miramonti Amelia A. , Hill Ethan C. , Smith Cory M. , Cochrane-Snyman Kristen C. , Housh Terry J. , Cramer Joel T. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Jenkins, NDM, Miramonti, AA, Hill, EC, Smith, CM, Cochrane-Snyman, KC, Housh, TJ, and Cramer, JT. Mechanomyographic amplitude is sensitive to load-dependent neuromuscular adaptations in response to resistance training. J Strength Cond Res 35(11): 3265–3269, 2021—We examined the sensitivity of the mechanomyographic amplitude (MMGRMS) and frequency (MMGMPF) vs. torque relationships to load-dependent neuromuscular adaptations in response to 6 weeks of higher- vs. lower-load resistance training. Twenty-five men (age = 22.8 ± 4.6 years) were randomly assigned to either a high- (n = 13) or low-load (n = 12) training group and completed 6 weeks of leg extension resistance training at 80 or 30% 1RM. Before and after 3 and 6 weeks of training, mechanomyography signals were recorded during isometric contractions at target torques equal to 10–100% of the subjects' baseline maximal strength to quantify MMGRMS and MMGMPF vs. torque relationships. MMGRMS decreased from Baseline to weeks 3 and 6 in the high-load, but not low-load group, and was dependent on the muscle and intensity of contraction examined. Consequently, MMGRMS was generally lower in the high- than low-load group at weeks 3 and 6, and these differences were most apparent in the vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris muscles at higher contraction intensities. MMGMPF was greater in the high- than low-load training group independent of time or muscle. The MMGRMS vs. torque relationship was sensitive to load-dependent, muscle-specific neuromuscular adaptations and suggest reductions in neuromuscular activation to produce the same absolute submaximal torques after training with high, but not low loads.
Effects of Running Exercise Combined With Blood Flow Restriction on Strength and Sprint Performance
Authors: Chen Yun-Tsung , Hsieh Yao-Yi , Ho Jen-Yu , Lin Jung-Charng 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Chen, YT, Hsieh, YY, Ho, JY, and Lin, JC. Effects of running exercise combined with blood flow restriction on strength and sprint performance. J Strength Cond Res 35(11): 3090–3096, 2021—We investigated muscle strength and sprint performance after combining running exercise (RE) with blood flow restriction (BFR). Twelve male sprinters received 2 experimental warm-ups: (a) RE (50% heart rate reserve, 2 minutes × 5 sets, 1-minute rest interval) with BFR (occlusion pressure: 1.3 × resting systolic blood pressure) warm-up, namely RE-BFR; and (b) RE without BFR warm-up, namely RE. Isokinetic strength or 60-m sprint performance was assessed after a 5-minute recovery from each experimental warm-up. All subjects completed 4 exercise trials in a counterbalanced order: (a) RE-BFR-strength; (b) RE-strength; (c) RE-BFR-sprint; and (d) RE-sprint. Muscle activation (during RE), blood lactate (BLa) (pre- and post-REs), heart rate (HR), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) (pre- and post-REs and at a 5-minute recovery) were determined during each experimental warm-up. The isokinetic knee flexor strength and the hamstring-quadriceps (H:Q) ratio observed for the RE-BFR warm-up were significantly higher than those observed for the RE warm-up (p < 0.05). However, no differences (p > 0.05) in the isokinetic knee extensor strength and 60-m sprint performance were observed between the 2 warm-ups. Running exercise–BFR warm-up induced a higher level of vastus lateralis and biceps femoris muscle activation than did RE warm-up (p < 0.05). Furthermore, RE-BFR warm-up induced higher HR, RPE, and BLa values than did RE warm-up after RE and at a 5-minute recovery (p < 0.05). These results suggest that RE-BFR warm-up may augment physiological responses and improve the H:Q ratio and isokinetic knee flexor strength. Thus, RE-BFR warm-up may be considered a practical warm-up strategy for promoting muscle strength and reducing the risk of hamstring injury in male sprinters.
Match Demands, Anthropometric Characteristics, and Physical Qualities of Female Rugby Sevens Athletes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sella Francesco S. , McMaster Daniel T. , Beaven Christopher M. , Gill Nicholas D. , Hébert-Losier Kim 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Sella, FS, McMaster, DT, Beaven, CM, Gill, ND, and Hébert-Losier, K. Match demands, anthropometric characteristics, and physical qualities of female rugby sevens athletes: A systematic review. J Strength Cond Res 33(12): 3463–3474, 2019—Since the inclusion of rugby sevens in the 2016 Olympic Games, the popularity of women's rugby sevens has grown rapidly worldwide. This systematic review aimed to summarize the scientific literature addressing the match demands, anthropometric characteristics, and physical qualities of female rugby sevens athletes and to highlight differences between competition levels and playing positions. Four electronic databases were searched, as were the reference lists and key journals. Hedges' g effect sizes with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to evaluate differences between elite and nonelite athletes, and backs and forwards. Twenty-seven studies met inclusion criteria and scored 68 ± 13% upon quality assessment. Comparisons between groups were restricted to variables where data were available. Greater running demands and intensities, number of sprints and accelerations, but lower physiological responses characterized international matches compared with nationals. At international level, backs demonstrated greater running demands and intensities, number of sprints, and physiological responses than forwards. Elite athletes were leaner, taller, and displayed superior physical qualities (e.g., maximal speed, power, upper-body strength, and aerobic capacity) compared with nonelite athletes. At elite level, forwards were heavier and displayed greater upper-body strength, whereas backs showed greater acceleration and maximal speed abilities. The specific match demands and physical requirements of female rugby sevens athletes competing at different playing levels and playing positions must be considered for developing effective training programs.
Effects of Combined Resistance Training and Weightlifting on Injury Risk Factors and Resistance Training Skill of Adolescent Males
Authors: Pichardo Andrew W. , Oliver Jon L. , Harrison Craig B. , Maulder Peter S. , Lloyd Rhodri S. , Kandoi Rohan 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Pichardo, AW, Oliver, JL, Harrison, CB, Maulder, PS, Lloyd, RS, and Kandoi, R. Effects of combined resistance training and weightlifting on injury risk factors and resistance training skill of adolescent males. J Strength Cond Res 35(12): 3370–3377, 2021—The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of resistance training with or without weightlifting on risk factors for injury and resistance training skill in circa-peak height velocity boys. Sixty-seven boys (aged 12–14 years) from a local secondary school were divided into 3 groups: combined resistance training (CRT), combined resistance training with weightlifting movements (CRT&WL), or a control group (CON). Experimental groups completed twice-weekly training programs over the course of an academic year. The tuck jump assessment, asymmetry measures for single-leg horizontal jump, isometric midthigh pull, and the Star Excursion Balance Test, and resistance training skill were measured pre-, mid-, and post-intervention. Only the CRT group significantly improved tuck jump assessment score pre- to post-test (p = 0.006, −20.4%, d = −0.39) but there were no clear effects on asymmetry measures for any group. Both groups significantly improved resistance training skill from pre- to post-test (CRT&WL: p = 0.002, 17.6%, d = 1.00; CRT: p = 0.026, 9.2%, d = 0.53). This study suggests that a school-based CRT program may provide significant improvements in jump landing kinematics, whereas the inclusion of weightlifting movements may provide greater improvements in resistance training skill.
Investigation of Cryogenically Treated Physical Vapor Deposition TiAlN/NbN-Coated Carbide Inserts in End Milling of Hard Titanium Alloy
Authors: Sivalingam Vinothkumar , Sun Jie , Selvam Baskaran , Zheng Pengwei , Zan Zhuoliang 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Cryogenic-treated inserts (CTIs) are playing a vital role in the significant improvement of tool life and the enhancement of mechanical properties of the cutting tools during conventional machining process. This work addressed the upshot of cryogenic treatment of physical vapor deposition TiAlN/NbN-coated carbide insert on the machinability of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy workpiece. It is weighed in terms of surface roughness, chip morphology, and tool wear in the cutting tool insert. Surface roughness was measured by a noncontact type 3-D laser scan microscope system. The observed average surface roughness in CTI reduction is between 13 and 32 % over that of the untreated insert (UTI) machining condition. The multisurface chip characteristics of free surface and back surface were identified and broken down by scanning electron microscopy. The experimental results demonstrated that the favorable chips and the reduction in tool wear were better achieved under the CTI machining condition than under the UTI machining condition.
Portais da tradução: limiares benjaminianos em Paul Celan e Yoko Tawada
Authors: Daudt Marianna Ilgenfritz , Araujo Monique Cunha de , Neumann Gerson 
Published: August 2019

Nos ensaios Das Tor des Übersetzers oder Paul Celan liest japanisch (1996) [O portal do tradutor ou Paul Celan lê japonês] e Rabbi Löw und 27 Punkte (2007) [rabino Löw e 27 pontos], a escritora e tradutora Yoko Tawada, oriunda de um contexto exofônico Japão-Alemanha, excursiona pelas poesias de Paul Celan. No primeiro, ela analisa a tradução japonesa e constata a pervivência e a traduzibilidade propostas por Walter Benjamin na célebre reflexão da Tarefa do Tradutor. Em Rabbi Löw und 27 Punkte, Tawada investiga a misticidade da poética celaniana imbricada com o conceito de História. Por último, no ensaio Ma und Mu (2007) [Ma e Mu] ela verifica a história fragmentada japonesa, entremeada de limiares. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a tradução e a crítica tradutória de Tawada, sobretudo a partir de suas leituras de Celan, sob um olhar nos conceitos benjaminianos de alegoria, parábola e história.
Presynaptic Mitochondria Volume and Abundance Increase during Development of a High-Fidelity Synapse
Authors: Thomas Connon I. , Keine Christian , Okayama Satoko , Satterfield Rachel , Musgrove Morgan , Guerrero-Given Debbie , Kamasawa Naomi , Young Samuel M. 
Published: August 2019

The calyx of Held, a large glutamatergic presynaptic terminal in the auditory brainstem undergoes developmental changes to support the high action-potential firing rates required for auditory information encoding. In addition, calyx terminals are morphologically diverse, which impacts vesicle release properties and synaptic plasticity. Mitochondria influence synaptic plasticity through calcium buffering and are crucial for providing the energy required for synaptic transmission. Therefore, it has been postulated that mitochondrial levels increase during development and contribute to the morphological-functional diversity in the mature calyx. However, the developmental profile of mitochondrial volumes and subsynaptic distribution at the calyx of Held remains unclear. To provide insight on this, we developed a helper-dependent adenoviral vector that expresses the genetically encoded peroxidase marker for mitochondria, mito-APEX2, at the mouse calyx of Held. We developed protocols to detect labeled mitochondria for use with serial block face scanning electron microscopy to carry out semiautomated segmentation of mitochondria, high-throughput whole-terminal reconstruction, and presynaptic ultrastructure in mice of either sex. Subsequently, we measured mitochondrial volumes and subsynaptic distributions at the immature postnatal day (P)7 and the mature (P21) calyx. We found an increase of mitochondria volumes in terminals and axons from P7 to P21 but did not observe differences between stalk and swelling subcompartments in the mature calyx. Based on these findings, we propose that mitochondrial volumes and synaptic localization developmentally increase to support high firing rates required in the initial stages of auditory information processing.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTElucidating the developmental processes of auditory brainstem presynaptic terminals is critical to understanding auditory information encoding. Additionally, morphological-functional diversity at these terminals is proposed to enhance coding capacity. Mitochondria provide energy for synaptic transmission and can buffer calcium, impacting synaptic plasticity; however, their developmental profile to ultimately support the energetic demands of synapses following the onset of hearing remains unknown. Therefore, we created a helper-dependent adenoviral vector with the mitochondria-targeting peroxidase mito-APEX2 and expressed it at the mouse calyx of Held. Volumetric reconstructions of serial block face electron microscopy data of immature and mature labeled calyces reveal that mitochondrial volumes are increased to support high firing rates upon maturity.
Transient Hypoxemia Disrupts Anatomical and Functional Maturation of Preterm Fetal Ovine CA1 Pyramidal Neurons
Authors: McClendon Evelyn , Wang Kang , Degener-O'Brien Kiera , Hagen Matthew W. , Gong Xi , Nguyen Thuan , Wu Wendy W. , Maylie James , Back Stephen A. 
Published: August 2019

Children who survive premature birth often exhibit reductions in hippocampal volumes and deficits in working memory. However, it is unclear whether synaptic plasticity and cellular mechanisms of learning and memory can be elicited or disrupted in the preterm fetal hippocampus. CA1 hippocampal neurons were exposed to two common insults to preterm brain: transient hypoxia-ischemia (HI) and hypoxia (Hx). We used a preterm fetal sheep model using both sexes in twin 0.65 gestation fetuses that reproduces the spectrum of injury and abnormal growth in preterm infants. Using Cavalieri measurements, hippocampal volumes were reduced in both Hx and HI fetuses compared with controls. This volume loss was not the result of neuronal cell death. Instead, morphometrics revealed alterations in both basal and apical dendritic arborization that were significantly associated with the level of systemic hypoxemia and metabolic stress regardless of etiology. Anatomical alterations of CA1 neurons were accompanied by reductions in probability of presynaptic glutamate release, long-term synaptic plasticity and intrinsic excitability. The reduction in intrinsic excitability was in part due to increased activity of the channels underlying the fast and slow component of the afterhyperpolarization in Hx and HI. Our studies suggest that even a single brief episode of hypoxemia can markedly disrupt hippocampal maturation. Hypoxemia may contribute to long-term working memory disturbances in preterm survivors by disrupting neuronal maturation with resultant functional disturbances in hippocampal action potential throughput. Strategies directed at limiting the duration or severity of hypoxemia during brain development may mitigate disturbances in hippocampal maturation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPremature infants commonly sustain hypoxia-ischemia, which results in reduced hippocampal growth and life-long disturbances in learning and memory. We demonstrate that the circuitry related to synaptic plasticity and cellular mechanisms of learning and memory (LTP) are already functional in the fetal hippocampus. Unlike adults, the fetal hippocampus is surprisingly resistant to cell death from hypoxia-ischemia. However, the hippocampus sustains robust structural and functional disturbances in the dendritic maturation of CA1 neurons that are significantly associated with the magnitude of a brief hypoxic stress. Since transient hypoxic episodes occur commonly in preterm survivors, our findings suggest that the learning problems that ensue may be related to the unique susceptibility of the hippocampus to brief episodes of hypoxemia.
Exon 3 of theNUMBGene Emerged in the Chordate Lineage Coopting the NUMB Protein to the Regulation of MDM2
Authors: Confalonieri Stefano , Colaluca Ivan Nicola , Basile Andrea , Pece Salvatore , Di Fiore Pier Paolo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMDM2 regulates a variety of cellular processes through its dual protein:protein interaction and ubiquitin ligase activities. One major function of MDM2 is to bind and ubiquitinate P53, thereby regulating its proteasomal degradation. This function is in turn controlled by the cell fate determinant NUMB, which binds to and inhibits MDM2 via a short stretch of 11 amino acids, contained in its phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain, encoded by exon 3 of the NUMB gene. The NUMB-MDM2-P53 circuitry is relevant to the specification of the stem cell fate and its subversion has been shown to be causal in breast cancer leading to the emergence of cancer stem cells. While extensive work on the evolutionary aspects of the MDM2/P53 circuitry has provided hints as to how these two proteins have evolved together to maintain conserved and linked functions, little is known about the evolution of the NUMB gene and, in particular, how it developed the ability to regulate MDM2 function. Here, we show that NUMB is a metazoan gene, which acquired exon 3 in the common ancestor of the Chordate lineage, first being present in the Cephalochordate and Tunicate subphyla, but absent in invertebrates. We provide experimental evidence showing that since its emergence, exon 3 conferred to the PTB domain of NUMB the ability to bind and to regulate MDM2 functions.
Analysis of the flow and heat transfer characteristics for MHD free convection in an enclosure with a heated obstacle
Authors: Parvin S. , Nasrin R. 
Published: August 2019

Finite element method based on Galerkin weighted Residual approach is used to solve two-dimensional governing mass, momentum and energy equations for steady state, natural convection flow in presence of magnetic field inside a square enclosure. The cavity consists of three adiabatic walls and one constantly heated wall. A uniformly heated circular solid body is located at the centre of the enclosure. The aim of this study is to describe the effects of MHD on the flow and thermal fields in presence of such heated obstacle. The investigations are conducted for different values of Rayleigh number (Ra) and Hartmann number (Ha). Various characteristics of streamlines, isotherms and heat transfer rate in terms of the average Nusselt number (Nu) are presented for different parameters. The effect of physical parameter (D) is also shown here. The results indicate that the flow pattern and temperature field are significantly dependent on the above mentioned parameters.
Perturbation solutions of fifth order oscillatory nonlinear systems
Authors: Akbar M. Ali Ali , Siddique Sk. Tanzer Ahmed Ahmed 
Published: August 2019

Oscillatory systems play an important role in the nature. Many engineering problems and physical systems of fifth degrees of freedom are oscillatory and their governing equations are fifth order nonlinear differential equations. To investigate the solution of fifth order weakly nonlinear oscillatory systems, in this article the Krylov–Bogoliubov–Mitropolskii (KBM) method has been extended and desired solution is found. An example is solved to illustrate the method. The results obtain by the extended KBM method show good agreement with those obtained by numerical method.
A comparison of delayed SIR and SEIR epidemic models
Authors: Kaddar Abdelilah , Abta Abdelhadi , Alaoui Hamad Talibi Talibi 
Published: August 2019

In epidemiological research literatures, a latent or incubation period can be medelled by incorporating it as a delay effect (delayed SIR models), or by introducing an exposed class (SEIR models). In this paper we propose a comparison of a delayed SIR model and its corresponding SEIR model in terms of local stability. Also some numerical simulations are given to illustrate the theoretical results.
Alternating-direction method for a mildly nonlinear elliptic equation with nonlocal integral conditions
Authors: Sapagovas Mifodijus , Štikonienė Olga 
Published: August 2019

The present paper deals with a generalization of the alternating-direction implicit (ADI) method for the two-dimensional nonlinear Poisson equation in a rectangular domain with integral boundary condition in one coordinate direction. The analysis of results of computational experiments is presented.
Modeling the bacterial self-organization in a circular container along the contact line as detected by bioluminescence imaging
Authors: Baronas Romas , Šimkus Remigijus 
Published: August 2019

This paper presents a one-dimensional-in-space mathematical model of a bacterial selforganization in a circular container along the contact line as detected by quasi-one-dimensional bioluminescence imaging. The pattern formation in a luminous Escherichia coli colony was modeled by the nonlinear reaction-diffusion-chemotaxis equations in which the reaction term for the cells is a logistic (autocatalytic) growth function. By varying the input parameters the output results were analyzed with a special emphasis on the influence of the model parameters on the pattern formation. The numerical simulation at transition conditions was carried out using the finite difference technique. The mathematical model and the numerical solution were validated by experimental data.