bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Low Bone Mineral Density and Associated Risk Factors among Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Aloudah Norah , Alsuwaidan Salem , Malhis Alaa , Alanazi Deemah , Alghamdi Taghreed , Alsaqqa Mashael , Al Ghanim Nayef 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives:
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of low bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and evaluate potential risk factors.

Methods:
A retrospective observational study of 144 patients with SLE who had at least one BMD test through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan was conducted at King Saud Medical City and Prince Sultan Military Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between April 19, 2022, and April 18, 2023. Multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to determine the risk factors for low BMD.

Results:
The study included 144 SLE patients. The prevalence of low BMD was 53.3%. Low bone mass prevalence (defined as a Z-score <−2.0 in premenopausal women and men younger than 50 years), osteopenia, and osteoporosis were 29.9%, 13.2%, and 10.4%, respectively. There were 5.6% patients with fragility fractures, 75% vertebral fractures, and 25% peripheral fractures. Older age, postmenopausal status, arthritis, and high cumulative glucocorticoid dose were associated with low BMD. Immunosuppressive agents are protected against low BMD. In multivariate linear regression analyses, postmenopausal status remained a risk factor for low BMD.

Conclusions:
Patients with SLE are at a high risk of having low BMD. The majority exhibit low bone mass rather than osteopenia or osteoporosis, with the most common fractures occurring in the vertebrae. Notably, postmenopausal status represents a major risk factor for low BMD in patients with SLE.
Assessment of Salivary Flow Rate and Salivary PH in Subjects with Smoked, Smokeless, and Combined form of Tobacco Habits (Epidemiological-Based Study)
Authors: Sethi Kavleen K. , Srivastava Sunita , Sinha Abhishek , Mishra Anuj , Iqbal Haider , Srivastava Tanmay 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background:
Saliva is a complicated secretion of the oral cavity and is the first fluid to be exposed to the toxic components of tobacco products. Saliva undergoes structural and functional changes due to tobacco use throughout time. As a result, measurements of salivary flow rate (SFR) and pH were made in subjects with habit of smokeless, smoked, and combined forms of tobacco habits.

Methodology:
The study was conducted in a dental institute. Subjects with the habit of smoking, smokeless, and combined forms of habits were included in this study. Schirmer tear strips and pH strips were used to assess SFR and pH.

Results:
On comparison of SFR between control and habit groups, a statistically significant reduction of SFR was observed in habit groups. On comparison of salivary pH, a statistically significant decrease was observed in smokeless and smoked form of tobacco usage group when compared with the control group. Duration, frequency, and exposure also alter SFR and pH. Significant gradual decline in resting salivary flow rate levels with increase in duration of tobacco usage and increase in number of packs consumed/day was observed.

Conclusion:
The role of salivary flow and pH is to maintain oral and dental health. Based on the results of this study, we concluded that long-term habits, whether smokeless, smoking, or combined tobacco habit, significantly reduce SFR and pH. These alterations can render oral mucosa more vulnerable to various oral diseases.
Quality of Life and Healthcare Seeking Behavior among Internal Migrant Laborers in Coimbatore, India: A Community-based Analytical Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Aparnavi P , Malarkodi M , Ramanathan Sivagami , Sambandan Madhavi , Shanmugam Jeevithan , Kumar Mohan , Priya Shanmuga , Narayanan Seetharaman , Rathinamoorthy Ramesh 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Globalization and urbanization have increased international and internal migration. However, migrants are still not absorbed into the local communities and remain vulnerable groups. Hence, the present study aimed to determine the quality of life (QoL) and healthcare-seeking behavior (HCSB) of internal migrant laborers in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu.

Methodology:
An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in the year 2023 among 321 migrant laborers residing for a minimum duration of 6 months in Coimbatore. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demography, QoL (using the WHO BREF scale), HCSB, and healthcare expenses. Ethical clearance was obtained from the institutional ethical committee. Informed written consent was obtained from the participants. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27. Mann–Whitney U test and Kruskal–Wallis test were used to compare QoL across socio-demographics and HCSB.

Results:
The overall QoL score was 61, and those in social and environmental domains were also above 60. The QoL was higher in the environmental and social domains than in the physical and psychological domains. Females, married people, those currently living with their family, those working in the organized sector, and those in higher socio-economic status had better QoL than their counterparts. Per capita income had a positive correlation with physical, psychological, and environmental aspects of life. About 68% of those who used private sector healthcare services had catastrophic health expenditures (CHEs).

Conclusion:
The overall QoL among migrant laborers was moderate. Migrants preferring formal healthcare enjoyed better QoL. Major CHE was for delivery, and hence, the barriers to accessing free government services are to be explored.
Nutritional Guidelines for Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and its Adherence- A Narrative Review
Authors: Kaushik Anu , Rekhi Tejmeet K. , Puri Seema , Tandon Nikhil 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Nutritional guidelines are of importance in directing food choices of T1D patients. The objective is to summarise existing nutritional recommendations and examine its adherence by T1D patients. Literature was searched on dietary guidelines in T1D using electronic databases PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, in English and 29 papers were selected. As per ADA, EASD, ISPAD, and ICMR guidelines, energy recommendations for T1D are based on ideal body weight to prevent overweight and obesity. The safe amounts of carbohydrates, protein and fat includes 50–55%, 15–20% and 25–30% of total energy respectively with fiber intake recommended at 20–30 g/day. Vitamin and mineral supplementation are beneficial in the presence of deficiency. Adherence to nutritional recommendations was suboptimal but better in those who were frequently consulting a dietician. As suboptimal dietary adherence leads to poor glycaemic control, nutritional guidelines must be followed to manage T1D and prevent or delay diabetic complications.
Assessment of Correlation Between Glycaemic Variability Indices and Measures of Hypoglycaemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Suresh Arjun , Kumar Bhargavi , Boopathy Sindhumalini , Thangavelu Saravanan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Diabetes mellitus is a global health burden, and India is regarded as the diabetes capital of the world. Glycaemic variability (GV) is an established risk factor for hypoglycaemia (plasma glucose concentration <70 mg/dL) and a notorious risk factor for diabetes complications. The primary aim of the study was to assess the correlation between the GV indices, HbA1c levels, and measures of hypoglycaemia in patients with type 2 DM (T2DM).

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was done for a period of 14 days in T2DM patients (n = 50). The GV indices were determined from the readings obtained from the CGM monitor. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used for correlation analyses. The area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was used to assess the effectiveness of the various GV indices in predicting hypoglycaemia.

Results:
A total of 50 T2DM patients had a mean (SD) age of 61.84 ± 11.88 years. Among the GV indices, high blood glucose index (HBGI), average daily risk range (ADRR), and continuous overall net glycaemic action (CONGA) had a significantly positive correlation with HbA1c levels. Average episodes of nocturnal hypoglycaemia in 8 hours of night-time had a statistically significant negative correlation with the HbA1c levels (correlation coefficient: −0.301, P = 0.034). In addition, low blood glucose index (LBGI) was found to be the best predictor for the risk of hypoglycaemia in 24 hours and nocturnal hypoglycaemia.

Conclusion:
Various GV indices are associated with HbA1c levels and are better predictors of hypoglycaemia.
The State of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination Among Secondary School Adolescents in Nnewi, Nigeria Prior to Free Routine HPV Vaccine Rollout
Authors: Duru Chinefo G , Ugochukwu Ebelechuku F , Onubogu Chinyere U , Uchie Simon N , Mbachu Chioma NP 
Published: November 2024

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been linked to various cancers of the genital, oropharyngeal, and anal regions in both sexes.
Objective: To assess the vaccination rate and factors influencing the uptake of the HPV vaccine among secondary school students in Nnewi, Nigeria, prior to the introduction of free HPV vaccine in the routine national immunisation program.
Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive survey was conducted among male and female students aged 10 to 18 years in public and private secondary schools between April and July 2023. A total of 200 participants were recruited using multi-stage sampling. Data on relevant sociodemographic characteristics, awareness about the HPV vaccine, details of HPV vaccination and reasons for not vaccinating were collected using pretested interviewer-administered questionnaires.
Results: Nearly two-thirds (62.0%) of participants were aged 15 to 18 years. Sixty-five per cent had not previously heard about HPV infection or the HPV vaccine. However, only 3 (1.5%) female participants reported receiving the HPV vaccine. Significant associations were found between awareness of HPV infection and HPV vaccination status (p = 0.006). The major reasons for not receiving the HPV vaccine were a lack of information about the vaccine (100%), where to get the vaccine (27.9%]), and the cost of the vaccine (6.0%).
Conclusion: The study revealed a low level of awareness about HPV infection or vaccine and a very low HPV vaccination rate among the participants. Public enlightenment and advocacy about HPV and the HPV vaccine should be prioritised to enhance knowledge and uptake after the free HPV vaccine rollout.
A Retrospective Study of the Prevalence and Pattern of Intraventricular Haemorrhage Among Preterm Neonates in Makurdi, Nigeria
Authors: Michael Aondoaseer A , Adikwu Morgan G , Ochoga Martha O 
Published: November 2024

Background: Globally, an estimated 2.5 million newborns died in the first month of life in 2018, with preterm birth complications as the leading cause of death. Preterm neonates who survive are at greater risk of a range of short-term and long-term morbidities. Intraventricular haemorrhage (ICH) is an important cause of brain damage in premature newborns.
Objective: To determine the prevalence, risk factors, pattern and outcomes of intraventricular haemorrhage amongst the preterm neonates in a tertiary facility.
Methods: A six-year (Jan 2018-Dec 2023) retrospective study was carried out at the Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU) of the Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi. The hospital records of all preterm neonates admitted into the unit during the period under review were retrieved and assessed using the study proforma.
Results: A total of 121 preterm neonates were admitted with a male-to-female ratio of 1.1:1. The majority, (93; 76.9%) of the neonates had the first brain scan within the first seven days of life, while 10.7% had the scan between 8 and 14 days. Intraventricular haemorrhage was observed in 39 (32.2%), while 82 (67.8%) had normal brain scans. The severity pattern revealed Grade I, Grade II, and Grade III haemorrhages in 16.5%, 10.7%, and 5%, respectively. There were seven deaths accounting for 17.9% mortality.
Conclusion: Intraventricular haemorrhage in preterm neonates is a silent cause of mortality among preterm neonates. Proactive measures are needed to prevent the condition and manage affected babies.
Early weaning protocols for the brackishwater nursery culture of the tropical anguillid eel Anguilla marmorata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1984)
Authors: Huervana Fredson H. , Nodque Kelee Ira B. , Nantong Cedric Jay A. , Vargas Richael P. , Guyapale Rizza Mae T. , Traifalgar Rex Ferdinand M. 
Published: November 2024

Feeding trials with Anguilla marmorata during the nursery culture were conducted to establish optimized protocols for transitioning from live to formulated diets. This study evaluated different weaning schemes over three phases of the nursery culture: from live feed (Artemia) to raw fish meat-based mash (FMT), from FMT to dry fish meal-based mash (FML), and from FML to dry formulated crumble diet. Specific growth rate (SGR), percent weight gain (%WG) and survival of A. marmorata elvers were assessed across treatments. The optimized weaning scheme for transitioning A. marmorata glass eel feeding from Artemia to FMT requires a 6.25% reduction of live feed daily for 16 days, resulting in the highest growth performance (SGR=4.49, %WG=109.25%) and survival (98.37%). Dietary transition from FMT to FML feeding, a 5% daily reduction of FMT with FML, over 20 days was found optimal. This treatment yielded superior growth performance with an SGR of 1.59, %WG of 68.80%, and survival of 62.00% (p<0.05). The final phase, transitioning from FML to a formulated crumble diet, was optimized with a 25% daily reduction of FML over 4 days. Elvers on this feeding regime exhibited the highest growth (SGR=2.49, %WG=41.81%) and survival (100.00%). These weaning protocols effectively facilitated the dietary transition of A. marmorata during the nursery stage from live feed to dry-formulated diets within a 40-day period, enhancing the growth and survival of A. marmorata cultured in the brackish water nursery system. Published on November 08, 2024 CDT
Factors Influencing Intention in Implementing an External Whistleblowing System
Authors: Maulana Rifqi , Yvonne Augustine Sudibijo  
Published: November 2024

This studies goals to research and decide the simultaneous and partial affect of Instrumental, Affective, Self-Efficacy, Perceived Controllability, and Independence Commitment on External Whistleblowing Intention with Perceived Organizational Support as a moderating variable. This studies makes use of quantitative research with purposive sampling methods. This research combines internal factors in the form of personality and external factors in the form of the organizational environment as a basis for implementing external whistleblowing, to find out which factors are able to encourage whistleblowers to implement external whistleblowing. This is a primary data originating from questionnaire respondents. The questionnaire was made in electronic form, using Google Form media. Respondent data came from Senior Auditors and Supervisory Auditors of Public Accounting Firms (KAP) in Indonesia, totaling 100 respondents. SmartPLS version 3 was used for analysis. Results indicate that Instrumental variable has a positive effect on External Whistleblowing Intention. Affective has no effect on External Whistleblowing Intention. Self-Efficacy has no effect on External Whistleblowing Intention. Perceived Controllability has no effect on External Whistleblowing Intention. Independence Commitment has no effect on External Whistleblowing Intention. Perceived Controllability does not moderated by Perceived Organizational Support on External Whistleblowing Intention. Affective does not moderated by Perceived Organizational Support on External Whistleblowing Intention. Independence Commitment does not moderated by Perceived Organizational Support on External Whistleblowing Intention. Self-Efficacy does not moderated by Perceived Organizational Support on External Whistleblowing Intention. Instrumental does not moderated by Perceived Organizational Support on External Whistleblowing Intention. This research has limitations. The data was obtained from an instrument based on answers based on the respondents' perceptions and experiences. Research data can be biased, because if the respondent's answers are different from their perceptions and experiences of the actual situation, it can reduce the accuracy of the information from this research.
Effects of Teachers’ Digital Leadership on Students’ Learning Outcomes in Selected Secondary Schools in Mfoundi Division-Cameroon
Authors: Fokong Nubonyin Hilda , Tendong Check Elvis , Ambengwa Bi Stefanie 
Published: November 2024

Purpose: Using digital leadership in instructional practices, teachers may or may not empower every student to reach his or her full potential. Hence, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of teachers’ digital leadership on students’ learning outcomes in selected schools in the Mfoundi division-Cameroon. The objectives of the study were: To examine the effects of teachers’ digital supervision of instruction on students’ learning outcomes; and to find out the effects of teachers’ digital communication on students’ learning outcomes.
Materials and Methodology: The study adopted the descriptive survey design. From an accessible population of 220 teachers who held administrative positions (like principal, vice Principal, discipline master/ mistress and head of department), a sample size of 198 was deemed appropriate for the study. The purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used. Questionnaire was used as instrument to collect data. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the questionnaire was 0.874. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Findings: The ANOVA results indicated that teachers’ digital supervision of instruction has statistically significant positive effect on students’ learning outcomes (F=2263.7, P-Value 0.000). Similarly, teachers’ digital communication has statistically significant positive effect on students’ learning outcomes (F=6917.1, P-Value 0.000).
Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Based on the results recommendations were made which include that government should organize capacity building seminars focusing on the integration of technology into teaching learning activities for teachers and school administrators and, teachers should use technology devices to direct, coordinate, and monitor instructional practices so as to positively enhance students’ learning outcomes and improve school success.
ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ЭФФЕКТИВНОГО ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ПОПУТНОГО НЕФТЯНОГО ГАЗА И ЛЕГКИХ УГЛЕВОДОРОДОВ
Authors: А.А. Мельдешов , А.К. Абишева , М.М. Матаев 
Published: November 2024

Изучено превращение н-бутана на активированном Кынгракском бентоните, содержащем нанесенный рутений. Совместное присутствие водяного пара с н-бутаном в реакционной зоне уменьшает коксообразование на поверхности катализатора и способствует увеличению выхода изооктана. В данной статье приведены исследования изомеризации н-бутана на рутениевых катализаторах, нанесенных на Кынгракский бентонит, где преобладающим минералом является монтмориллонит. Совместное присутствие водяного пара с н-бутаном в реакционной зоне снижает коксообразование на поверхности катализатора и способствует увеличению выхода изооктана. Изомеризация н-бутана и н-пентана в соответствующий изобутан и изопентан является значимой реакцией в получении алкилбензинов и оксигенатов
Қ-бутанның құрамында рутений бар белсендірілген Қынғырақ бентонитіне айналуы зерттелді. Реакция аймағында су буының қ-бутанмен бірге болуы катализатор бетіндегі кокстың түзілуін азайтады және изооктан шығымдылығының артуына ықпал етеді. Бұл мақалада монтмориллонит басым минерал болып табылатын Қынғырақ бентонитіне қолданылатын рутений катализаторларындағы қ-бутанның изомерленуі туралы зерттеулер келтірілген. Реакция аймағында су буының қ-бутанмен бірге болуы катализатор бетіндегі кокстың түзілуін азайтады және изооктан шығымдылығының артуына ықпал етеді. Қ-бутан мен н-пентанның сәйкес изобутан мен изопентанға изомерленуі алкилбензиндер мен оксигенаттарды өндіруде маңызды реакциялар болып табылады
The transformation of n-butane on activated Kyngrak bentonite containing deposited ruthenium has been studied. The combined presence of water vapor with n-butane in the reaction zone reduces coke formation on the surface of the catalyst and increases the yield of isooctane. This article presents studies of the isomerization of n-butane on ruthenium catalysts deposited on Kyngrak bentonite, where montmorillonite is the predominant mineral. The combined presence of water vapor with n-butane in the reaction zone reduces coke formation on the surface of the catalyst and increases the yield of isooctane. The isomerization of n-butane and n-pentane into the corresponding isobutane and isopentane are significant reactions in the production of alkylbenzenes and oxygenates
ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТЕЙ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ СПЕКТРАЛЬНОГО МЕТОДА ДИСТАНЦИОННОГО ЗОНДИРОВАНИЯ ДЛЯ ОБНАРУЖЕНИЯ ГЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПРИЗНАКОВ МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЙ ПОЛЕЗНЫХ ИСКОПАЕМЫХ
Authors: А.З. Капасова , М.П. Талерчик , Е.Ж. Маусымбеков 
Published: November 2024

В настоящее время ГИС продемонстрировала свое удобство в разведке полезных ископаемых, принимая за основу метод дистанционного зондирования Земли, включающий в себя различные измерения отраженных и поглощенных электромагнитных колебаний от удаленных объектов, состоящих из различных сред, таких горная порода, минералы, земельный и растительный покров. Спектральные спутниковые снимки с использованием бортовых дистанционных датчиков позволяют обнаружить перспективные участки месторождений полезных ископаемых. Программа ГИС (ARGIS) имеет возможность создавать прогнозную карту полезных ископаемых без выезда в поле, находясь в камеральных условиях. Это обусловлено тем что, дистанционное зондирование Земли может различать спектральные признаки горных пород и минералов, а программа ГИС способна интегрировать различные источники данных по геологии, что позволяет различать типы геологических минералов
Қазіргі уақытта ГАЖ Жерді қашықтықтан зондтау әдісін негізге ала отырып, пайдалы қазбаларды барлауда өзінің ыңғайлылығын көрсетті, оған әртүрлі ортадан тұратын алыс объектілерден шағылысқан және сіңірілген электромагниттік тербелістердің әртүрлі өлшемдері кіреді тау жыныстары, минералдар, жер және өсімдік жамылғысы. Борттық қашықтықтағы датчиктерді қолданатын спектрлік спутниктік суреттер пайдалы қазбалар кең орындарының перспективалы учаскелерін анықтауға мүмкіндік береді. ГАЖ бағдарламасы (ARCGIS) камералдық жағдайда далаға шықпай-ақ пайдалы қазбалардың болжамды картасын жасау мүмкіндігіне ие. Бұл жерді қашықтықтан зондтау тау жыныстары мен минералдардың спектрлік белгілерін ажырата алатындығына байланысты, ал ГАЖ бағдарламасы геология бойынша әртүрлі деректер көздерін біріктіре алады, бұл геологиялық минералдардың түрлерін ажыратуға мүмкіндік береді
Currently, GIS has demonstrated its convenience in mineral exploration, taking as a basis the method of remote sensing of the Earth, which includes various measurements of reflected and absorbed electromagnetic vibrations from remote objects consisting of various media such as rock, minerals, land and vegetation. Spectral satellite images using on-board remote sensors make it possible to detect promising areas of mineral deposits. The GIS program (ARCGIS) has the ability to create a forecast map of minerals without going into the field, while in office conditions. This is due to the fact that remote sensing of the Earth can distinguish the spectral features of rocks and minerals, and the GIS program is able to integrate various data sources on geology, which makes it possible to distinguish types of geological minerals