bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discovery of Anion Insertion Electrochemistry in Layered Hydroxide Nanomaterials
Authors: Young Matthias J. , Kiryutina Tatyana , Bedford Nicholas M. , Woehl Taylor J. , Segre Carlo U. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractElectrode materials which undergo anion insertion are a void in the materials innovation landscape and a missing link to energy efficient electrochemical desalination. In recent years layered hydroxides (LHs) have been studied for a range of electrochemical applications, but to date have not been considered as electrode materials for anion insertion electrochemistry. Here, we show reversible anion insertion in a LH for the first time using Co and Co-V layer hydroxides. By pairing in situ synchrotron and quartz crystal microbalance measurements with a computational unified electrochemical band-diagram description, we reveal a previously undescribed anion-insertion mechanism occurring in Co and Co-V LHs. This proof of concept study demonstrates reversible electrochemical anion insertion in LHs without significant material optimization. These results coupled with our foundational understanding of anion insertion electrochemistry establishes LHs as a materials platform for anion insertion electrochemistry with the potential for future application to electrochemical desalination.
Comparisons between multi-component myelin water fraction, T1w/T2w ratio, and diffusion tensor imaging measures in healthy human brain structures
Authors: Uddin Md. Nasir , Figley Teresa D. , Solar Kevin G. , Shatil Anwar S. , Figley Chase R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractVarious MRI techniques, including myelin water imaging, T1w/T2w ratio mapping and diffusion-based imaging can be used to characterize tissue microstructure. However, surprisingly few studies have examined the degree to which these MRI measures are related within and between various brain regions. Therefore, whole-brain MRI scans were acquired from 31 neurologically-healthy participants to empirically measure and compare myelin water fraction (MWF), T1w/T2w ratio, fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD) and mean diffusivity (MD) in 25 bilateral (10 grey matter; 15 white matter) regions-of-interest (ROIs). Except for RD vs. T1w/T2w, MD vs. T1w/T2w, moderately significant to highly significant correlations (p < 0.001) were found between each of the other measures across all 25 brain structures [T1w/T2w vs. MWF (Pearson r = 0.33, Spearman ρ = 0.31), FA vs. MWF (r = 0.73, ρ = 0.75), FA vs. T1w/T2w (r = 0.25, ρ = 0.22), MD vs. AD (r = 0.57, ρ = 0.58), MD vs. RD (r = 0.64, ρ = 0.61), AD vs. MWF (r = 0.43, ρ = 0.36), RD vs. MWF (r = −0.49, ρ = −0.62), MD vs. MWF (r = −0.22, ρ = −0.29), RD vs. FA (r = −0.62, ρ = −0.75) and MD vs. FA (r = −0.22, ρ = −0.18)]. However, while all six MRI measures were correlated with each other across all structures, there were large intra-ROI and inter-ROI differences (i.e., with no one measure consistently producing the highest or lowest values). This suggests that each quantitative MRI measure provides unique, and potentially complimentary, information about underlying brain tissues – with each metric offering unique sensitivity/specificity tradeoffs to different microstructural properties (e.g., myelin content, tissue density, etc.).
Inferring microRNA-disease association by hybrid recommendation algorithm and unbalanced bi-random walk on heterogeneous network
Authors: Yu Dong-Ling , Ma Yuan-Lin , Yu Zu-Guo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMore and more research works have indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs) play indispensable roles in exploring the pathogenesis of diseases. Detecting miRNA-disease associations by experimental techniques in biology is expensive and time-consuming. Hence, it is important to propose reliable and accurate computational methods to exploring potential miRNAs related diseases. In our work, we develop a novel method (BRWHNHA) to uncover potential miRNAs associated with diseases based on hybrid recommendation algorithm and unbalanced bi-random walk. We first integrate the Gaussian interaction profile kernel similarity into the miRNA functional similarity network and the disease semantic similarity network. Then we calculate the transition probability matrix of bipartite network by using hybrid recommendation algorithm. Finally, we adopt unbalanced bi-random walk on the heterogeneous network to infer undiscovered miRNA-disease relationships. We tested BRWHNHA on 22 diseases based on five-fold cross-validation and achieves reliable performance with average AUC of 0.857, which an area under the ROC curve ranging from 0.807 to 0.924. As a result, BRWHNHA significantly improves the performance of inferring potential miRNA-disease association compared with previous methods. Moreover, the case studies on lung neoplasms and prostate neoplasms also illustrate that BRWHNHA is superior to previous prediction methods and is more advantageous in exploring potential miRNAs related diseases. All source codes can be downloaded from https://github.com/myl446/BRWHNHA.
One-Year Outcome Predictors of Strabismus Surgery from Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography with Multiple B-Scan Averaging
Authors: Miyata Manabu , Suda Kenji , Uji Akihito , Hata Masayuki , Oishi Akio , Nakano Eri , Yamamoto Akinari , Nakao Shinya , Ohtsuki Hiroshi , Tsujikawa Akitaka 
Published: February 2019

AbstractStrabismologists are eager to identify preoperative or intraoperative strabismus surgery outcome predictors because of the variable effects in each patient. Conjunctival closure position recession after rectus muscle recession is effective for correcting large angle strabismus. The elasticity of the conjunctiva and Tenon’s capsule is important for strabismus surgery management. In this longitudinal study, we evaluated the prognosis of conjunctiva and Tenon’s capsule thickness (CTT) near the limbus 1 year after strabismus surgery with a limbal conjunctival incision using swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography with multiple B-scan averaging. Also, we identified preoperative and/or intraoperative parameters associated with corrective effects 1 year after surgery in 15 consecutive treatment-naïve patients with exotropia or esotropia who underwent recession and resection. The 1-year CTT was greater than the preoperative CTT on the resection side (269 ± 111 vs 183 ± 53 μm, P < 0.001) but was smaller on the recession side (137 ± 54 vs 183 ± 71 μm, P = 0.02). The corrective effect of surgery (1.6 ± 0.3°/mm) was most strongly correlated with preoperative CTT on the recession side (P = 0.005, β = −0.73). Hence, CTT on the recession side may provide adjunctive information for strabismus treatment.
Predictions of children’s emotionality from evolutionary and epigenetic hypotheses
Authors: Hill Jonathan , Pickles Andrew , Wright Nicola , Braithwaite Elizabeth , Sharp Helen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSex-dependent effects of mismatched prenatal-postnatal maternal conditions are predicted by combining two evolutionary hypotheses: that foetal conditions provide a forecast of likely postnatal environments (Predictive Adaptive Response), and that the female foetus is better adapted than the male to maternal adversity (Trivers-Willard hypothesis). Animal studies have implicated glucocorticoid mechanisms modifiable by effects of postnatal tactile stimulation on glucocorticoid receptor gene expression. In this study we examined behavioural predictions in humans based on these evolutionary and epigenetic models. Mothers in a general population cohort provided self-reported anxiety scores at 20 weeks pregnancy, and at 9 weeks, 14 months and 3.5 years postpartum, and frequency of infant stroking at 9 weeks. Mothers and teachers reported child symptoms at 7 years. SEM models with maximum-likelihood estimates made use of data from 887 participants. There was a three-way interaction between prenatal and postnatal anxiety and maternal stroking in the prediction of irritability, seen only in girls. This arose because lower maternal stroking was associated with higher irritability, only in the mismatched, low-high and high-low maternal anxiety groups. We provide evidence that mechanisms likely to have evolved well before the emergence of humans, contribute to the development of children’s emotionality and risk for depression.
Origin of ferromagnetism in Cu-doped ZnO
Authors: Ali Nasir , Singh Budhi , Khan Zaheer Ahmed , A. R. Vijaya , Tarafder Kartick , Ghosh Subhasis 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIt is widely reported during last decade on the observation of room temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM) in doped ZnO and other transition metal oxides. However, the origin of RTFM is not understood and highly debated. While investigating the origin of RTFM, magnetic ion doped oxides should be excluded because it is not yet settled whether RTFM is intrinsic or due to the magnetic ion cluster in ZnO. Hence, it is desirable to investigate the origin of RTFM in non-magnetic ion doped ZnO and Cu-doped ZnO will be most suitable for this purpose. The important features of ferromagnetism observed in doped ZnO are (i) observation of RTFM at a doping concentration much below than the percolation threshold of wurtzite ZnO, (ii) temperature independence of magnetization and (iii) almost anhysteretic magnetization curve. We show that all these features of ferromagnetism in ZnO are due to overlapping of bound magnetic polarons (BMPs) which are created by exchange interaction between the spin of Cu2+ ion and spin of the localized hole due to zinc vacancy $$({V}_{Zn})$$
(

V

Z
n

)
. Both the experimental and theoretical investigation show that the exchange interaction between Cu2+-Cu2+ ions mediated by $${V}_{Zn}$$

V

Z
n

is responsible for RTFM in Cu-doped ZnO.
Identification of Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting Novel Conformational Epitopes of the Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea Virus Spike Protein
Authors: Chang Chia-Yu , Cheng Ivan-Chen , Chang Yen-Chen , Tsai Pei-Shiue , Lai Seiu-Yu , Huang Yu-Liang , Jeng Chian-Ren , Pang Victor Fei , Chang Hui-Wen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSince 2010, newly identified variants of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) have caused high mortality in neonatal piglets which has devastated the swine industry. The spike (S) glycoprotein of PEDV contains multiple neutralizing epitopes and is a major target for PEDV neutralization and vaccine development. To understand the antigenicity of the new PEDV variant, we characterized the neutralizing epitopes of a new genotype 2b PEDV isolate from Taiwan, PEDV Pintung 52 (PEDV-PT), by the generation of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (NmAbs). Two NmAbs, P4B-1, and E10E-1–10 that recognized the ectodomain of the full-length recombinant PEDV S protein and exhibited neutralizing ability against the PEDV-PT virus were selected. Recombinant truncated S proteins were used to identify the target sequences for the NmAbs and P4B-1 was shown to recognize the C-terminus of CO-26K equivalent epitope (COE) at amino acids (a.a.) 575–639 of the PEDV S. Interestingly, E10E-1–10 could recognize a novel neutralizing epitope at a.a. 435–485 within the S1Adomain of the PEDV S protein, whose importance and function are yet to be determined. Moreover, both NmAbs could not bind to linearized S proteins, indicating that only conformational epitopes are recognized. This data could improve our understanding of the antigenic structures of the PEDV S protein and facilitate future development of novel epitope-based vaccines.
Diminutive fleet-footed tyrannosauroid narrows the 70-million-year gap in the North American fossil record
Authors: Zanno Lindsay E. , Tucker Ryan T. , Canoville Aurore , Avrahami Haviv M. , Gates Terry A. , Makovicky Peter J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTo date, eco-evolutionary dynamics in the ascent of tyrannosauroids to top predator roles have been obscured by a 70-million-year gap in the North American (NA) record. Here we report discovery of the oldest Cretaceous NA tyrannosauroid, extending the lineage by ~15 million years. The new taxon—Moros intrepidusgen. et sp. nov.—is represented by a hind limb from an individual nearing skeletal maturity at 6–7 years. With a ~1.2-m limb length and 78-kg mass,M.intrepidusranks among the smallest Cretaceous tyrannosauroids, restricting the window for rapid mass increases preceding the appearance of colossal eutyrannosaurs. Phylogenetic affinity with Asian taxa supports transcontinental interchange as the means by which iconic biotas of the terminal Cretaceous were established in NA. The unexpectedly diminutive and highly cursorial bauplan of NA’s earliest Cretaceous tyrannosauroids reveals an evolutionary strategy reliant on speed and small size during their prolonged stint as marginal predators.
Reliability calculation of AC/DC hybrid distribution network with a solid‐state transformer
Authors: Xu Xinxing , Tai Nengling , Hu Yan , Wang Wei , Zheng Fenglei , He Wenzhi 
Published: February 2019

With extensive access of distributed energy resources and DC loads, the traditional 10 kV AC distribution network has greatly increased the number of converters and reduced the reliability of power supply. A solid‐state transformer (SST) containing AC and DC terminals to build AC/DC hybrid distribution networks has become the focus of the current research. This study presents an AC/DC hybrid distribution network structure with 10 kV AC, 10 kV DC, ±375 V DC, and 380 V AC four voltage levels. In this network, the load is data centre, which needs high security for power supply reliability. According to the characteristics of this network, this study takes the reliability evaluation by using the minimum path set method and the state enumeration method, and the reliability of this new structure with SST is calculated. Through the study of a numerical example, the results show that after adding the multi‐terminal SST, the reliability of the AC/DC hybrid distribution network is suitable for data centre load, and the quantity of the converters can decrease.
Gamma rays from jets interacting with BLR clouds in blazars
Authors: del Palacio S. , Bosch-Ramon V. , Romero G. E. 
Published: February 2019

Context. The innermost parts of powerful jets in active galactic nuclei are surrounded by dense, high-velocity clouds from the broad-line region, which may penetrate into the jet and lead to the formation of a strong shock. Such jet-cloud interactions are expected to have measurable effects on the γ-ray emission from blazars.
Aims. We characterise the dynamics of a typical cloud-jet interaction scenario, and the evolution of its radiative output in the 0.1–30 GeV energy range, to assess to what extent these interactions can contribute to the γ-ray emission in blazars.
Methods. We use semi-analytical descriptions of the jet-cloud dynamics, taking into account the expansion of the cloud inside the jet and its acceleration. Assuming that electrons are accelerated in the interaction and making use of the hydrodynamical information, we then compute the high-energy radiation from the cloud, including the absorption of γ-rays in the ambient photon field through pair creation.
Results. Jet-cloud interactions can lead to significant γ-ray fluxes in blazars with a broad-line region (BLR), in particular when the cloud expansion and acceleration inside the jet are taken into account. This is caused by 1) the increased shocked area in the jet, which leads to an increase in the energy budget for the non-thermal emission; 2) a more efficient inverse Compton cooling with the boosted photon field of the BLR; and 3) an increased observer luminosity due to Doppler boosting effects.
Conclusions. For typical broad-line region parameters, either (i) jet-cloud interactions contribute significantly to the persistent γ-ray emission from blazars or (ii) the BLR is far from spherical or the fraction of energy deposited in non-thermal electrons is small.
Variation of the magnetic field of the Ap star HD 50169 over its 29-year rotation period
Authors: Mathys G. , Romanyuk I. I. , Hubrig S. , Kudryavtsev D. O. , Landstreet J. D. , Schöller M. , Semenko E. A. , Yakunin I. A. 
Published: February 2019

Context. The Ap stars that rotate extremely slowly, with periods of decades to centuries, represent one of the keys to the understanding of the processes leading to the differentiation of stellar rotation.
Aims. We characterise the variations of the magnetic field of the Ap star HD 50169 and derive constraints about its structure.
Methods. We combined published measurements of the mean longitudinal field ⟨Bz⟩ of HD 50169 with new determinations of this field moment from circular spectropolarimetry obtained at the 6m telescope BTA of the Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences. For the mean magnetic field modulus ⟨B⟩, literature data were complemented by the analysis of ESO spectra, both newly acquired and from the archive. Radial velocities were also obtained from these spectra.
Results. We present the first determination of the rotation period of HD 50169, Prot = 29.04 ± 0.82 yr. HD 50169 is currently the longest-period Ap star for which magnetic field measurements have been obtained over more than a full cycle. The variation curves of both ⟨Bz⟩ and ⟨B⟩ have a significant degree of anharmonicity, and there is a definite phase shift between their respective extrema. We confirm that HD 50169 is a wide spectroscopic binary, refine its orbital elements, and suggest that the secondary is probably a dwarf star of spectral type M.
Conclusions. The shapes and mutual phase shifts of the derived magnetic variation curves unquestionably indicate that the magnetic field of HD 50169 is not symmetric about an axis passing through its centre. Overall, HD 50169 appears similar to the bulk of the long-period Ap stars.
Solar wind charge exchange in cometary atmospheres
Authors: Simon Wedlund Cyril , Bodewits Dennis , Alho Markku , Hoekstra Ronnie , Behar Etienne , Gronoff Guillaume , Gunell Herbert , Nilsson Hans , Kallio Esa , Beth Arnaud 
Published: February 2019

Context. Solar wind charge-changing reactions are of paramount importance to the physico-chemistry of the atmosphere of a comet, mass-loading the solar wind through an effective conversion of fast light solar wind ions into slow heavy cometary ions.
Aims. To understand these processes and place them in the context of a solar wind plasma interacting with a neutral atmosphere, numerical or analytical models are necessary. Inputs of these models, such as collision cross sections and chemistry, are crucial.
Methods. Book-keeping and fitting of experimentally measured charge-changing and ionization cross sections of hydrogen and helium particles in a water gas are discussed, with emphasis on the low-energy/low-velocity range that is characteristic of solar wind bulk speeds (<20 keV u−1/2000 km s−1).
Results. We provide polynomial fits for cross sections of charge-changing and ionization reactions, and list the experimental needs for future studies. To take into account the energy distribution of the solar wind, we calculated Maxwellian-averaged cross sections and fitted them with bivariate polynomials for solar wind temperatures ranging from 105 to 106 K (12–130 eV).
Conclusions. Single- and double-electron captures by He2+ dominate at typical solar wind speeds. Correspondingly, single-electron capture by H+ and single-electron loss by H− dominate at these speeds, resulting in the production of energetic neutral atoms (ENAs). Ionization cross sections all peak at energies above 20 keV and are expected to play a moderate role in the total ion production. However, the effect of solar wind Maxwellian temperatures is found to be maximum for cross sections peaking at higher energies, suggesting that local heating at shock structures in cometary and planetary environments may favor processes previously thought to be negligible. This study is the first part in a series of three on charge exchange and ionization processes at comets, with a specific application to comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko and the Rosetta mission.
Bradykarde Herzrhythmusstörungen
Authors: Trappe Hans-Joachim 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungBradykarde Arrhythmien können vielfältige Ursachen haben, es handelt sich vor allem um Störungen der Reizbildung und/oder der Reizleitung. Sie äußern sich in der Regel durch Störungen im Sinusknoten, AV-Knoten oder Schenkelblockbilder. Die Therapie richtet sich nach der Symptomatik und den erhobenen klinischen und elektrokardiografischen Befunden und kann medikamentös oder mittels elektrotherapeutischer Strategien wie transkutaner, transösophagealer oder transvenöser Schrittmacherstimulation erfolgen. Die Extremformen Asystolie, Kammerflattern und Kammerflimmern sind akut lebensbedrohlich und erfordern umgehende therapeutische Maßnahmen.
Cytotoxic Alkaloids from Leaves of Pilea aff. martinii
Authors: Doan Thi Thuy Ai , Trinh Thi Thanh Van , Doan Thi Mai Huong , Le Huyen Tram , Litaudon Marc , Nguyen Van Hung , Chau Van Minh , Pham Van Cuong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTwo new phenanthroquinolizidine alkaloids (1 and 2) and a new piperidine derivative (3) were isolated from the leaves of Pilea aff. martinii together with 3 known alkaloids: julandine (4), cryptopleurine (5), and 1,3,6,6-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-isoquinolin-8-one (6). Their structures were determined by spectral data analyses including mass spectrometry and 2-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance data. The absolute configurations of 1–3 were established by comparison of their experimental circular dichroism data with the calculated electronic circular dichroism spectra. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against 4 cancer cell lines: KB (mouth epidermal carcinoma cells), HepG-2 (human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cells), LU-1 (human lung adenocarcinoma cells), and MCF-7 (human breast cancer cells). The new phenanthroquinolizidine pileamartine D (2) showed strong and selective proliferation inhibition toward KB and HepG-2 cells with IC50 values of 25 and 27 nM, respectively. Pileamartine C (1), julandine (4), and cryptopleurine (5) exhibited cytotoxicity against 4 tested cancer cell lines with IC50 values less than 1 µM.