bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Formal Ramifications of Bruckner's Bipartite Sonata Form
Authors: LAI ERIC 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTAs a composer who had received intensive training in music theory, notably through Simon Sechter and Otto Kitzler, Bruckner's understanding of sonata form as a bipartite design as addressed inFormenlehremanuals is no secret to us. By taking as its point of departure an examination of the treatises of Ernst Friedrich Richter and Johann Christian Lobe, which Bruckner had consulted, this paper broadens our understanding of Bruckner's treatment of form and content in the sonata discourse by exploring his compositional approaches within a specific formal area – the music surrounding the onset of the recapitulation – in order to show how the perception of the development plus recapitulation as a unified formal space is reinforced. Analyses of opening movements and finales of his symphonies have revealed three major strategies of projecting the binary construction: ‘false recapitulation’, Type 2 sonata (Hepokoski and Darcy 2006), and what I call ‘enclosure’; the third strategy provides an additional means of evading the boundary between the development and recapitulation. At a time when composers such as Berlioz and Liszt had already discarded sonata form and were experimenting with new formal criteria, tonal‐harmonic options and alternative aesthetics, Bruckner remained faithful to it and expressed his belief in its potential for the symphonic medium.
Students shooting videos to learn pharmacology
Authors: Decloedt Eric H , van Schalkwyk Susan 
Published: November 2018

SummaryBackgroundPatient education videos are an effective medium of communication to improve patient knowledge. Developing patient‐centered communication requires a reflection on the social dynamics and economic realities of patients, aspects that are essential for the professional development of students, but often not overtly present in the curriculum. We tasked medical students to develop patient education videos and were interested in their experience of the process, including how this medium facilitated reflection on health care in the country.MethodsGroups of students conceptualised and then made a 2‐minute video educating patients on pharmacotherapy, aimed at the layperson. We adapted an existing tool for developing and assessing public communication material to design a marking rubric, and collected student feedback.ResultsStudents conveyed universal factual therapeutic information in a uniquely South African context, using depictions that patients could relate to, and framed the information within the social circumstances of patients. The videos addressed various therapeutic topics, including some not covered in the module, and demonstrated that students were able to apply classroom knowledge in the health care environment. Students relayed complex concepts through visually innovative and easy‐to‐understand ways.Students conveyed universal factual therapeutic information in a uniquely South African contextDiscussionHealth care practitioners should be responsive to the needs of their patients, which demands a sensitivity to local imperatives, social dynamics and economic realities. Although the principles of patient‐centredness are taught in the curriculum, the depth of understanding evident in the videos demonstrated emergent learning from the hidden curriculum. Students can be architects of their own learning in creative and meaningful ways.
International Society of Blood Transfusion Working Party on Red Cell Immunogenetics and Blood Group Terminology: Report of the Dubai, Copenhagen and Toronto meetings
Authors: Storry Jill R. , Clausen Frederik Banch , Castilho Lilian , Chen Qing , Daniels Geoff , Denomme Greg , Flegel Willy A , Gassner Christoph , de Haas Masja , Hyland Catherine , Yanli Ji , Keller Margaret , Lomas‐Francis Christine , Nogues Nuria , Olsson Martin L , Peyrard Thierry , van der Schoot Ellen , Tani Yoshihiko , Thornton Nicole , Wagner Franz , Weinstock Christoph , Wendel Silvano , Westhoff Connie , Yahalom Vered 
Published: November 2018

Background and objectivesThe International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) Working Party for Red Cell Immunogenetics and Blood Group Terminology meets in association with the ISBT congress and has met three times since the last report: at the international meetings held in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, September 2016 and Toronto, Canada, June 2018; and at a regional congress in Copenhagen, Denmark, June 2017 for an interim session.MethodsAs in previous meetings, matters pertaining to blood group antigen nomenclature and classification were discussed. New blood group antigens were approved and named according to the serologic and molecular evidence presented.Results and conclusionsFifteen new blood group antigens were added to eight blood group systems. One antigen was made obsolete based on additional data. Consequently, the current total of blood group antigens recognized by the ISBT is 360, of which 322 are clustered within 36 blood groups systems. The remaining 38 antigens are currently unassigned to a known system. Clinically significant blood group antigens continue to be discovered, through serology/sequencing and/or recombinant or genomic technologies.
The English of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Dubravac Vildana , Brdarević‐Čeljo Amna , Bećirović Senad 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWith the number of world Englishes steadily increasing, the impact of ‘core’ English varieties is weakening. However, the influence of two varieties, namely standardised American English and standardised British English, seems to be dispersed across all areas, in particular across peripheral varieties. Due to the difference in their demographic weight and the institutional support they receive, these two varieties do not secure a balanced representation in the peripheral layer. The current study investigates whether 132 university‐level Bosnian learners of English report using particular items of American or British English at the levels of pronunciation, spelling, grammar and vocabulary.
A rapid scoping review of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in animal hosts
Authors: Gardner Emma G. , Kelton David , Poljak Zvonimir , von Dobschuetz Sophie , Greer Amy L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMiddle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen discovered in 2012. The purpose of this scoping review was to summarize the empirical evidence for MERS‐CoV in animals in order to map knowledge gaps and to extract data for modelling disease transmission in dromedary camels. A review protocol was developed a priori, and a systematic search, data extraction and summary were conducted using the Arksey and O'Malley framework. Ninety‐nine publications were identified for full review out of 1,368 unique records. Of these publications, 71 were articles in scientific journals. Ninety of the studies were observational and the remaining nine were experimental. We summarize characteristics of animal studies including study design, study population and outcomes of interest for future transmission modelling in the reservoir population. The majority of field studies reported measures of prevalence, while experimental studies provided estimates of transmission parameters that pertain to the natural course of disease.
Mapping of the turbulent round jet developing region using a constant temperature anemometer (CTA)
Authors: Yaacob Mohd Rusdy , Schlander Rasmus Korslund , Buchhave Preben , Marika Velte Clara 
Published: November 2018

The fully developed round turbulent jet has been extensively studied, whereas the developing region is much less understood. The high shear and turbulence intensities in the most interesting parts of the developing region make them inaccessible to common measurement techniques such as Constant Temperature Anemometry (CTA) due to the high demands on the measurement techniques for accuracy of the measurements. Turbulence measurements are therefore planned using our in-house laser Doppler anemometer (LDA) system based on its capability to provide accurate measurements and with its inherent ability to properly distinguish velocity components. A rigorous measurement with the intended LDA system however demands impractical processing time, so knowing the critical points at which measurement are to be taken will save valuable time. This information is herein acquired significantly faster and more practically, however less accurately, with single-wire CTA. A high-resolution measurement was done using a computer-controlled single-wire CTA with the wire probe mounted perpendicular to the incoming flow from the jet orifice. The measurements covered several points in the radial (r-direction) along x/D=10, x/D=15, x/D=20 and x/D=30 downstream (where D is the jet exit diameter), with spatial resolutions ranging from 1 to 3 mm between the points, depending on how far the measurement was from the jet centerline. A proper alignment was also conducted prior to measurement so that the same points can be reached again for LDA measurement on the same jet afterwards. The radial profiles of mean velocity and turbulence intensity at each downstream position are presented to show the statistics of the air flow inside and outside the jet. As expected from theory, the mean profiles display a nearly Gaussian shape, spread out and tapered with the downstream direction. The highest velocities are located at the centerline.
Investigation of the Effects of High Temperature Aging on the Mechanical Behavior of Lead Free Solders
Authors: Alam Mohammad S. , Hassan K. M. Rafidh , Suhling Jeffrey C. , Lall Pradeep 
Published: November 2018

Lead free solders are renowned as interconnects in electronic packaging due to their relatively high melting point, attractive mechanical properties, thermal cycling reliability, and environment friendly chemical properties. The mechanical behavior of lead free solders is highly dependent on the operating temperature. Previous investigations on mechanical characterization of lead free solders have mainly emphasized stress-strain and creep testing at temperatures up to 125 °C. However, electronic devices, sometimes, experience harsh environment applications including well drilling, geothermal energy, automotive power electronics, and aerospace engines where solders are exposed to very high temperatures from 125–200 °C. Mechanical properties of lead free solders at elevated temperatures are limited.
In this work, we have investigated the mechanical behavior SAC305 (96.5Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu) and SAC_Q (SAC+Bi) lead free solders at extreme high temperatures up to 200 °C. Stress-strain tests were performed on reflowed uniaxial specimens at four elevated temperatures (T = 125, 150, 175, and 200 °C). In addition, changes of the mechanical behavior of these alloys due to isothermal aging at T = 125 °C have been studied. Extreme care has been taken during specimen preparation so that the fabricated solder uniaxial test specimens accurately reflect the solder material microstructures present in actual lead free solder joints.
High temperature tensile properties of the solders including initial modulus, yield stress, and ultimate tensile strength have been compared. As expected, our results show substantial degradations of the mechanical properties of lead-free solders at higher temperatures. With prior aging, these degradations become even more significant. Comparison of the results has shown that the addition of Bi to traditional SAC alloys improves their high temperature properties and significantly reduces their aging induced degradations.
The normal range: it is not normal and it is not a range
Authors: Whyte Martin Brunel , Kelly Philip 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe NHS ‘Choose Wisely’ campaign places greater emphasis on the clinician-patient dialogue. Patients are often in receipt of their laboratory data and want to know whether they are normal. But what is meant by normal? Comparator data, to a measured value, are colloquially known as the ‘normal range’. It is often assumed that a result outside this limit signals disease and a result within health. However, this range is correctly termed the ‘reference interval’. The clinical risk from a measured value is continuous, not binary. The reference interval provides a point of reference against which to interpret an individual’s results—rather than defining normality itself. This article discusses the theory of normality—and describes that it is relative and situational. The concept of normality being not an absolute state influenced the development of the reference interval. We conclude with suggestions to optimise the use and interpretation of the reference interval, thereby facilitating greater patient understanding.
Empowering junior doctors: a qualitative study of a QI programme in South West England
Authors: Doran Natasha J , Bethune Rob , Watson Joanne , Finucane Katherine , Carson-Stevens Andrew 
Published: November 2018

AimTo explore how the South-West Foundation Doctor Quality Improvement programme affected foundation year 1 (F1) doctors’ attitudes and ability to implement change in healthcare.MethodsTwenty-two qualitative interviews were carried out with two cohorts of doctors. The first F1 group before and after their participation in the QI programme; the second group comprised those who had completed the programme between 1 and 5 years earlier. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis techniques.Results Prior to taking part in the QI programme, junior doctors’ attitudes towards QI were mixed. Although there was agreement on the importance of QI in terms of patient safety, not all shared enthusiasm for engaging in QI, while some were sceptical that they could bring about any change. Following participation in the programme, attitudes towards QI and the ability to effect change were significantly transformed. Whether their projects were considered a success or not, all juniors reported that they valued the skills learnt and the overall experience they gained through carrying out QI projects. Participants reported feeling more empowered in their role as junior doctors, with several describing how they felt ‘listened to’ and able to ‘have a voice’, that they were beginning to see things ‘at systems level’ and learning to ‘engage more critically’ in their working environment.Conclusions Junior doctors are ideally placed to engage in QI. Training in QI at the start of their medical careers may enable a new generation of doctors to acquire the skills necessary to improve patient safety and quality of care.
The Impact of the Opioid Antagonist Naloxone on Experimentally Induced Craving in Nicotine-Dependent Individuals
Authors: Krause Daniela , Warnecke Marc , Schuetz Christian G. , Soyka Michael , Manz Kirsi M. , Proebstl Lisa , Kamp Felicia , Chrobok Agnieszka I. , Pogarell Oliver , Koller Gabriele 
Published: November 2018

Objective: Preclinical and clinical findings suggest a substantial association of the endogenous opioid system in nicotine dependence. The present study investigates the possible dose-dependent influence of naloxone, an unspecific opioid-receptor-antagonist, combined with cue exposure on the physiological state, locomotor activity, craving and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in nicotine-dependent humans. Methods: Twenty nicotine-dependent, outpatient participants were deprived of nicotine for over 4 h, before receiving challenges with naloxone (1.6 mg or 3.2 mg q70 kg IV) or the placebo. Additionally, following drug administration, either smoking-related cues or neutral images were presented. Nicotine withdrawal was monitored by evaluating the following objective signs – skin conductance, heart rate, temperature, respiration, locomotor activity, cortisol, prolactin and ACTH levels as well as craving. Results: With respect to subjective effects, participants administered a higher dosage of naloxone and those who were shown smoking-related cues were significantly less pleased (p = 0.019), felt more depressed (p = 0.033) and thought smoking would make them feel better (p = 0.028) than participants given naloxone and shown neutral cues. Participants given no naloxone but with smoking-related cues felt a higher urge to smoke than participants given naloxone and shown neutral cues (p = 0.042). Naloxone – in both dosages – also decreased the desire and intention to smoke in comparison to placebo. Compared to the placebo group, significantly higher cortisol, prolactin and ACTH values were observed after administration of lower and higher dosage of naloxone followed by smoking-related cues. Conclusion: Naloxone influenced nicotine withdrawal and strengthened significantly by cue exposure, both on objective measurement and on craving scales. These findings suggest an involvement of the endogenous opioid system in the development and maintenance of nicotine dependence.
КОМОРБІДНА ПАТОЛОГІЯ У ХВОРИХ З ОЖИРІННЯМ ІІІ СТУПЕНЯ В ДИНАМІЦІ ЗНИЖЕННЯ МАСИ ТІЛА ПІСЛЯ ВСТАНОВЛЕННЯ ВНУТРІШНЬОШЛУНКОВОГО БАЛОНА ТА ЛАПАРОСКОПІЧНОЇ РУКАВНОЇ РЕЗЕКЦІЇ ШЛУНКА
Authors: Nazirov F. G. , Khashimov Sh. Kh. , Khaybullina Z. R. , Makhmudov U. M. 
Published: November 2018

Витрати на медичне обслуговування людей з ожирінням значно більші, ніж для людей із нормальною масою тіла.
Мета дослідження – проаналізувати коморбідні стани у людей з ожирінням III ступеня та їх динаміку після встановлення внутрішньошлункового силіконового балона (ВШБ) та лапароскопічної рукавної резекції шлунка (ЛРРШ), що сприяють зниженню маси тіла.
Матеріали і методи. Обстежено 20 пацієнтів (16 жінок та 4 чоловіки) віком 19–55 років, яких шпиталізували в ДУ “Республіканський спеціалізований науково-практичний медичний центр хірургії імені акад. В. Вахідова" у 2016–2018 рр. Усім пацієнтам діагностовано ожиріння III ступеня (за WOG, 2011). Коморбідність оцінювали за рекомендаціями С. В. Недогода (2016); метаболічне здоров’я – за шкалою Cardiometabolic Disease Staging (Guo, 2015).
Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Встановлено, що ожиріння III ступеня (ІМТ (49,4±2,5) кг/м2) асоціюється з дисліпідемією/гіпертригліцеридемією у 85 %; цукровим діабетом 2 (ЦД2)/переддіабетом – у 50 %, артеріальною гіпертензією (АГ) в – 45 %; неалгокогольною жировою хворобою печінки (НАЖХП) – в 35 % випадків. ЛРРШ та ВШБ дозволяють досягнути зниження ІМТ на 21,1 и 16,2 % від вихідних даних відповідно (p>0,05); при цьому коморбідність переддіабетом знижується у 2 рази, АГ – у 3 рази; дисліпідемією – в 1,9 раза; зниження НАЖХП – у 1,8 раза через 6 місяців після втручання. ЛРРШ та ВШБ також покращують показники за шкалою Cardiometabolic Disease Staging, при цьому нульовий кардіометаболічний ризик зафіксовано у 35 % пацієнтів, а в решти – перехід у більш легку стадію. Зниження маси тіла та коморбідності в результаті ЛРРШ та застосування ВШБ супроводжуються достовірним зниженням прозапальних цитокінів ІЛ-6, ФНП-α та СРБ.
Висновки. Застосування ЛРРШ та ВШБ дозволяє достовірно ефективно знизити масу та коморбідність через 6 місяців після втручання.
КЛІНІЧНЕ ЗНАЧЕННЯ ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ NT PRO-BNP У ХВОРИХ НА ГОСТРИЙ ІНФАРКТ МІОКАРДА: АНАЛІЗ ДАНИХ ЛІТЕРАТУРИ ТА ВЛАСНІ СПОСТЕРЕЖЕННЯ
Authors: Hrebenyk M. V. , Bidovanets L. Yu. 
Published: November 2018

Статистичні дані останніх років свідчать про те, що однією з основних причин зниження якості життя у хворих, які перенесли інфаркт міокарда (ІМ), є розвиток серцевої недостатності (СН). Ішемічна хвороба серця – превалююча причина смерті в Європі, що забирає щорічно життя у 862 000 чоловіків (19 % від загальної смертності) та в жінок 877 000 (20 % від загальної смертності). В Україні, згідно з ECVDS – 2017, чоловіча смертність становить 59 % від загальної, жіноча – 75 %. Тому оптимізація методів ранньої діагностики та лікування ІМ на сьогодні вкрай важлива в щоденній клінічній практиці.
Мета дослідження – оцінити клінічні переваги визначення Nt pro-BNP у хворих на гострий інфаркт міокарда.
Матеріали і методи. Ми провели оцінку динаміки Nt pro-BNP імуноферментним методом у 58 хворих, на гострий ІМ. Середній вік обстежених становив (62,7±1,07) року. Оцінювали зв’язок показників із перебігом ІМ, післяінфарктним ремоделюванням серця та виживанням хворих.
Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Кореляційний аналіз, який ми провели, підтвердив дані літератури про вплив на рівень Nt pro-BNP віку (r=0,391; p=0,003), тютюнокуріння (r=0,322; p=0,046). Свідченням зв’язку даного маркера із СН cтала кореляція з частотою серцевих скорочень як в гострий період ІМ, так і через 3 місяці (відповідно r=0,433; p=0,008 і r=0,457; p=0,009). Показники післяінфарктного ремоделювання серця, за даними ехокардіоскопії, чітко корелювали з рівнем Nt pro-BNP, зокрема систолічний розмір лівого шлуночка (ЛШ) (r=394 p=0,022), ступінь систолічного вкорочення ЛШ (r=-0,425; p=0,015) фракція викиду ЛШ (r=-0,352; p=0,044). В динаміці також змінювалася товщина стінок ЛШ та індекс маси міокарда ЛШ (r=0,319; p=0,048 та r=0,361; p=0,028). Важливим підтвердженням прогностичного значення Nt pro-BNP став аналіз виживання пацієнтів після ІМ. Було чітко встановлено збільшення смертей у хворих із перенесеними коронарними подіями та підвищеним рівнем Nt-proBNP (r=0,297; p=0,023).
Висновки. Визначення Nt pro-BNP у клінічній практиці має важливе значення для прогнозування перебігу післяінфарктного періоду. Підвищений рівень NT pro-BNP після виникнення ІМ вказує на розвиток СН, що дозволяє оптимізувати лікування та попередити можливі ускладнення.