bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inference on variance components near boundary in linear mixed effect models
Authors: Sakamoto Wataru 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn making inference on variance components in linear mixed effect models, variance component parameters may be located on some boundary of a constrained parameter space, and hence usual asymptotic theory on parameter estimation, test statistics, and information criteria may not hold. We illustrate such boundary issues on variance components, and introduce some methodologies and properties along with literature. The maximum likelihood estimator of the variance parameter vector near some boundary distributes asymptotically as a projection of a normal random vector onto the boundary. The null distribution of the likelihood ratio test statistic is complicated, and hence it has been studied both from asymptotic and numerical aspects. Moreover, a boundary issue in model selection using information criteria is also essential and is closely related to that on the likelihood ratio test. We also describe a boundary issue on testing for linearity of a regression function using the relationship between linear mixed effect models and penalized spline models.This article is categorized under:
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Data Reduction, Smoothing, and Filtering
Statistical Models > Model Selection
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Bootstrap and Resampling
Advances that facilitate the study of large RNA structure and dynamics by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Huaqun , Keane Sarah C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe characterization of functional yet nonprotein coding (nc) RNAs has expanded the role of RNA in the cell from a passive player in the central dogma of molecular biology to an active regulator of gene expression. The misregulation of ncRNA function has been linked with a variety of diseases and disorders ranging from cancers to neurodegeneration. However, a detailed molecular understanding of how ncRNAs function has been limited; due, in part, to the difficulties associated with obtaining high‐resolution structures of large RNAs. Tertiary structure determination of RNA as a whole is hampered by various technical challenges, all of which are exacerbated as the size of the RNA increases. Namely, RNAs tend to be highly flexible and dynamic molecules, which are difficult to crystallize. Biomolecular nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy offers a viable alternative to determining the structure of large RNA molecules that do not readily crystallize, but is itself hindered by some technical limitations. Recently, a series of advancements have allowed the biomolecular NMR field to overcome, at least in part, some of these limitations. These advances include improvements in sample preparation strategies as well as methodological improvements. Together, these innovations pave the way for the study of ever larger RNA molecules that have important biological function.This article is categorized under:

RNA Structure and Dynamics > RNA Structure, Dynamics, and Chemistry
Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs
RNA Structure and Dynamics > Influence of RNA Structure in Biological Systems
What Every Therapist Needs to Know About Couple Therapy
Authors: Halford W. Kim , Pepping Christopher A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis invited paper is a review of the significance of couple relationships to the practice of all therapists. The article begins with a summary of the evidence on the centrality of committed couple relationships to the lives and wellbeing of adults, and the association of the quality of the parents’ couple relationship on the wellbeing of children. We argue that the well-established reciprocal association between individual problems and couple relationship problems means that all therapists need to pay attention to how a couple relationship might be influencing a client's functioning, even if the relationship is not the presenting problem. There is an outline the evolution of current approaches to behavioural couple therapy, and the current state of the art and science of couple therapy. We present an analysis of the evidence for couple therapy as a treatment for relationship distress, as well as couple-based treatments for individual problems. This is followed by a description of the distinctive challenges in working with couples and how to address those challenges, and recommendations about how to address the needs of diverse couple relationships. Finally, we propose some core therapist competencies needed to work effectively with couples.
High-peak-power temporally shaped nanosecond fiber laser immune to SPM-induced spectral broadening
Authors: Su Rongtao , Ma Pengfei , Zhou Pu , Chen Zilun , Wang Xiaolin , Ma Yanxing , Wu Jian , Xu Xiaojun 
Published: April 2019

High-peak-power transform-limited narrow-linewidth nanosecond all-fiber lasers are desired in a range of applications. However, their linewidths will be broadened by self-phase modulation (SPM). We propose a novel concept that generates transform-limited laser pulses by temporally shaping the pulse seed. The impact of the pulse shape on SPM-induced spectral broadening was studied numerically and experimentally. It was found theoretically that the square-shape pulsed laser is immune to SPM-induced spectral broadening. Based on this principle, we built a high-peak-power, linearly polarized, square-shape nanosecond all-fiber laser in a master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) configuration. Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) limited peak powers of 4.02 kW, 5.06 kW, 6.52 kW and 9.30 kW were obtained at pulse widths of 8 ns, 7 ns, 6 ns and 5 ns. Thanks to the square-shape pulsed seed, the linewidths at maximum peak power remained at 129.5 MHz, 137.6 MHz, 156.2 MHz and 200.1 MHz, respectively, close to the transform-limited values of 110.8 MHz, 126.6 MHz, 147.7 MHz and 177.3 MHz.
Mandarin–English speaking bilingual and Mandarin speaking monolingual children’s comprehension of relative clauses
Authors: Tsoi Elaine Yee Ling , Yang Wenchun , Chan Angel , Kidd Evan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe current study investigated the comprehension of subject and object relative clauses (RCs) in bilingual Mandarin–English children (N= 55,Mage= 7 years, 5 months [7;5],SD= 1;8) and language-matched monolingual Mandarin-speaking children (N= 59,Mage= 5;4,SD= 0;7). The children completed a picture-referent selection task that tested their comprehension of subject and object RCs, and standardized assessments of vocabulary knowledge. Results showed a very similar pattern of responding in both groups. In comparison to past studies of Cantonese, the bilingual and monolingual children both showed a significant subject-over-object RC advantage. An error analysis suggested that the children’s difficulty with object RCs reflected the tendency to interpret the sentential subject as the head noun. A subsequent corpus analysis suggested that children’s difficulty with object RCs may be in part due to distributional information favoring subject RC analyses. Individual differences analyses suggested crosslinguistic transfer from English to Mandarin in the bilingual children at the individual but not the group level, with the results indicating that comparative English dominance makes children vulnerable to error.
Distance-based Global Descriptors for Multi-view Object Recognition
Authors: Kannappan Prasanna , Tanner Herbert G. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThe paper reports on a new multi-view algorithm that combines information from multiple images of a single target object, captured at different distances, to determine the identity of an object. Due to the use of global feature descriptors, the method does not involve image segmentation. The performance of the algorithm has been evaluated on a binary classification problem for a data set consisting of a series of underwater images.
Reading Asser in early medieval Wales: the evidence of Armes Prydein Vawr
Authors: Thomas Rebecca , Callander David 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis article examines the connections between Asser's Life of King Alfred and the tenthcentury Welsh poem Armes Prydein Vawr. It studies the use of the place-name Santwic ‘Sandwich’ in Armes Prydein, and presents evidence that this form derives from a written source. An investigation of the sources containing this place-name before the late tenth century raises the distinct possibility that Asser's Life was the source drawn upon by the Welsh poet. Examination of the context in which Sandwich occurs in Asser and Armes Prydein highlights striking similarities in usage, strengthening the argument for a connection between the two texts. Further correspondences between these works are noted before discussing the potential implications of this new finding for our understanding of Asser (and his reception) and Armes Prydein more generally.
Vraisemblance référentielle, nécessité narrative, poétique de la vue
Authors: Calame Claude 
Published: April 2019

RésuméEn Grèce classique, les premières formes d’historiographies dépendent d’une volonté mémorielle: garder en mémoire et publier les actions des hommes, dans le passé récent. Mais ces formes visent aussi à donner un sens à ces actions: ordre de la justice humaine et territoriale chez Hérodote; anthropologie de la domination chez Thucydide. Dans ce « façonnement » discursif de l’histoire, la rhétorique de la vue joue un rôle essentiel. Occasion de s’interroger sur les modes d’une « fiction » qui, au sens étymologique du terme, « fabrique » et par conséquent « fictionnalise » le factuel; occasion d’envisager le rôle du vraisemblable dans des constructions narratives partagées entre cohérence interne et réfé-rence externe. De là l’oxymore de « fiction référentielle ».
Immunological Methods for the Detection of Binders in Ancient Tibetan Murals
Authors: Wu Meng , Zou Xinhui , Zhang Bingjian , Zhao Fan , Xie Zhenbin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTibetan mural samples from the Jiazhaer mountain cave were studied using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and immunofluorescence microscopy (IFM). Samples containing protein binders were first identified using ELISA, and then IFM was used to determine the location of protein binders. Using these methods, we discovered gelatin and casein in samples from wall murals, distributed in both red and black pigments. We excluded the possibility of contamination by conducting further experiments where simulated samples were spiked with milk. We conclude that both gelatin and casein were used as binders in the pigments of the Tibetan Buddhist murals in the Jiazhaer (Transliteration from Tibetan) mountain cave. This is the first evidence of casein being used as a binder in Chinese mural pigments.
Ethical Considerations in Multiple Pregnancy: Preterm Delivery in the Setting of Discordant Fetal Anomaly
Authors: Phillips Thérèse , Moore Bryanna , Posma Elske , Gillam Lynn , Cuzzilla Rocco , Cole Stephen 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPlanning for the preterm birth of a fetus with known anomalies can raise complex ethical issues. This is particularly true of multiple pregnancies, where the interests of each fetus and of the expectant parent(s) can conflict. In these complex situations, parental wishes and values can also conflict with the recommendations of treating clinicians. In this article, we consider the case of a dichorionic twin pregnancy complicated by the diagnosis of vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM) in one of the twins at 28 weeks’ gestation. Subsequent deterioration of the affected twin prompted the parents to request preterm delivery to prevent the imminent in-utero demise of the affected twin. However, given the associated risks of prematurity, complying with the parents’ request may have disadvantaged the health and wellbeing of the unaffected twin. This article canvases the complex ethical issues raised when parents request preterm delivery of a multiple pregnancy complicated by a fetal anomaly in one twin, and the various ethical tools and frameworks that clinicians can draw on to guide their decision-making in such cases.
Conductivity Distribution Beneath the San Pedro‐Linzor Volcanic Chain, North Chile, Using 3‐D Magnetotelluric Modeling
Authors: Mancini Renzo , Díaz Daniel , Brasse Heinrich , Godoy Benigno , Hernández María José 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA magnetotelluric study was carried out in the San Pedro‐Linzor volcanic chain, North Chile, to identify possible magmatic structures and hydrothermal systems associated with volcanoes of Holocene activity, considering previous petrochemical studies pointing to crystallization depths of approximately 8 km. Three‐dimensional resistivity models based on magnetotellurics data of the San Pedro‐Linzor volcanic chain were obtained based on broadband data measured in 2017 and 2018, in addition to long‐period data measured in 1990s. The three‐dimensional modeling shows two low‐resistivity zones (less than 10 Ωm) interpreted as partially molten areas below the Chao Dome and the Paniri volcano, and a shallower low resistivity area (less than 5 Ωm) in the Turi Basin, an active hydrothermal system to the southwest of the volcanic chain.
Source Characteristics of the 2017Ms7.0 Jiuzhaigou, China, Earthquake and Implications for Recent Seismicity in Eastern Tibet
Authors: Liu Gang , Xiong Wei , Wang Qi , Qiao Xuejun , Ding Kaihua , Li Xingxing , Yang ShaoMin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOn 8 August 2017, a strong earthquake occurred on an unmapped extension of the Huya fault, Sichuan, China, causing severe damage to local communities. This event highlights the northward migration of major earthquakes along a single strike‐slip fault. We analyze the source characteristics with Global Positioning System (GPS)/ Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar static displacements and high‐rate GPS/teleseismic dynamic motions. Our analyses show a complex slip pattern characterized by two patches with a mean slip of 0.6 m and predominantly strike‐slip components. Slip propagates at a rupture speed of approximately 3.2 km/s for about 30 km in length and 20 km in width. Given a slip rate of 0.5 mm/year derived from GPS observations, the mean slip of 0.6 m inferred from the slip model suggests a recurrence interval of ~1,000 years for this earthquake and alike on the Huya fault. The Coulomb stress increase of 0.82 bar caused by preceding earthquakes promoted the failure of the northern Huya fault in 2017. In particular, the nucleation of this event was partially facilitated by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and postseismic deformation. Long‐term slip deficits on most parts of the Huya fault have been balanced largely by a series of strong earthquakes since the early 1970s. As yet, a few of seismic gaps remain hazardous during the final stage of one seismic cycle. In particular, the ongoing postseismic relaxation will hasten further the 20‐ to 25‐km long segment in the Jiuzhaigou National Natural Reserve closer to failure in a moderate size earthquake.
Constraints on Gas Hydrate Distribution and Morphology in Vestnesa Ridge, Western Svalbard Margin, Using Multicomponent Ocean‐Bottom Seismic Data
Authors: Singhroha Sunny , Chand Shyam , Bünz Stefan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGas hydrates occur within sediments on the western Svalbard continental margin and the Vestnesa Ridge, a large sediment drift that extends in a west‐northwest direction from the margin toward the mid‐ocean ridge. We acquired multicomponent ocean‐bottom seismic (OBS) data at 10 locations on the crest area of the eastern segment of the Vestnesa Ridge, an area with active gas seepage. P and S wave velocities are estimated using traveltime inversion, and self‐consistent approximation/differential effective medium rock physics modeling is used to estimate gas hydrate and free gas saturation at OBS stations. We apply 1‐D full waveform inversion at a selected OBS station to study detailed variations of P wave velocity near the bottom simulating reflection (BSR). High interval P wave velocity (Vp ≈ 1.73–1.82 km/s) and S wave velocity (>0.35 km/s) are observed in a layer above the BSR and low interval P wave velocity (Vp ≈ 1.28–1.53 km/s) in a layer below the BSR. We estimate 10–18% gas hydrate and 1.5–4.1% free gas saturation at different OBS stations in a layer above and below the BSR, respectively. We find significant variation in gas hydrate and free gas saturation across faults suggesting a structural control on the distribution of gas hydrate and free gas in the Vestnesa Ridge. Differences in gas hydrate saturation derived from P wave velocities and earlier estimates obtained from electromagnetic surveys indicate the presence of gas hydrates in faults and fractures. Moreover, beneath some OBS sites, the combined study of P and S waves, resistivity and seismic quality factor (Q), suggests the coexistence of free gas and gas hydrates.
Leads and Associated Sea Ice Drift in the Beaufort Sea in Winter
Authors: Lewis Benjamin J. , Hutchings Jennifer K. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBeaufort Sea ice motion is episodic in winter, on average following the anticyclonic motion of the Beaufort Gyre. Weather systems cause the ice pack to fracture in characteristic patterns that depend on the location and trajectory of the weather system in relation to the coast. The majority of leads associated with anticyclonic motion in the Beaufort Sea are coastal leads that form perpendicular from promontories along the coast and landfast ice edge. Between 40% and 90% (depending on location along the Beaufort coast) winter sea ice motion is associated with leads, including coastal leads, coastal flaw leads, and interior lead patterns. In winter much of the Beaufort Gyre ice drift results from ice‐coast interaction, with high ice drift localized on the leeward side of fractures that propagate from the coast. In the vicinity of Point Barrow, which has the largest occurrence of coastal leads, ice drift rates are enhanced due to this ice‐coast interaction. No trends in occurrence of these leads are found over the 20 winters from December 1993 to May 2013. Seasonality in the occurrence of the leads follows seasonality in the location of the Beaufort High. In order for ice to be transported from the northeast part of the Beaufort Gyre to the southwest in a single winter, anticyclones would need to break their geospatial climatic norm, needing a higher prevalence of anticyclones in the eastern Beaufort early in the season and higher prevalence in the west Canada Basin later in the season.
The Impact of Regime Shifts on Long‐Range Persistence and the Scaling of Sea Surface Temperature Off the Coast of California
Authors: Breaker Laurence C. , Carroll Dustin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe employ power law scaling using Detrended Fluctuation Analysis to examine sea surface temperature (SST) in Monterey Bay and at Scripps Pier. SSTs from 1920 to 2014 provide the database. The data were first detrended to remove the annual cycle and long‐term trends. Next, Detrended Fluctuation Analysis was applied to the data to estimate the temporal scaling exponents (TSEs). El Niño–Southern Oscillation appeared to influence our scaling results at scales of 2.8 and 5.6 years, but this influence did not adversely affect the interpretation of the results that form the basis for this study. Next, 76‐year time series of TSEs were generated for the period from 1930 to 2005 using a 20‐year moving window. They reveal maxima during the 1930s and 1940s, significantly lower values during the 1950s and 1960s, and higher values from the 1970s to the early 1990s. The period of lower TSEs falls within a 30‐year window bounded by major regime shifts in 1945–1946 and 1976–1977, clearly suggesting a cause and effect relationship. Changes in the SSTs and coastal winds off southern California before and after these events further support this interpretation. Although the annual cycle at Scripps Pier far exceeds that at Pacific Grove, the scaling properties are similar. The TSEs at both locations converge toward unity at longer maximum timescales consistent with long‐range persistence and stationarity and with similar results obtained elsewhere in the North Pacific. Finally, we conclude that power law scaling can be an effective tool for detecting changes in system behavior.
Discordant phenotype caused by CASK mutation in siblings with NF1
Authors: Murakami Hiroaki , Kimura Yuichi , Enomoto Yumi , Tsurusaki Yoshinori , Akahira-Azuma Moe , Kuroda Yukiko , Tsuji Megumi , Goto Tomohide , Kurosawa Kenji 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWith the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS), a blended phenotype has been shown to be caused by multilocus molecular diagnosis. Here, we present siblings of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) with discordant phenotypes. Further genetic investigation revealed that the younger sister had trisomy 8 mosaicism with a low ratio and a known pathogenic mutation in the CASK gene. This is the first report of a blended phenotype caused by NF1, CASK disorder, and trisomy 8 mosaicism.
Cryo-EM structures of the pore-forming A subunit from the Yersinia entomophaga ABC toxin
Authors: Piper Sarah J , Brillault Lou , Rothnagel Rosalba , Croll Tristan I , Box Joseph K , Chassagnon Irene , Scherer Sebastian , Goldie Kenneth N , Jones Sandra A , Schepers Femke , Hartley-Tassell Lauren , Ve Thomas , Busby Jason N , Dalziel Julie E , Lott J Shaun , Hankamer Ben , Stahlberg Henning , Hurst Mark R H , Landsberg Michael J 
Published: April 2019

AbstractABC toxins are pore-forming virulence factors produced by pathogenic bacteria. YenTcA is the pore-forming and membrane binding A subunit of the ABC toxin YenTc, produced by the insect pathogen Yersinia entomophaga. Here we present cryo-EM structures of YenTcA, purified from the native source. The soluble pre-pore structure, determined at an average resolution of 4.4 Å, reveals a pentameric assembly that in contrast to other characterised ABC toxins is formed by two TcA-like proteins (YenA1 and YenA2) and decorated by two endochitinases (Chi1 and Chi2). We also identify conformational changes that accompany membrane pore formation by visualising YenTcA inserted into liposomes. A clear outward rotation of the Chi1 subunits allows for access of the protruding translocation pore to the membrane. Our results highlight structural and functional diversity within the ABC toxin subfamily, explaining how different ABC toxins are capable of recognising diverse hosts.
Author Correction: Synthetic RNA-based logic computation in mammalian cells
Authors: Matsuura Satoshi , Ono Hiroki , Kawasaki Shunsuke , Kuang Yi , Fujita Yoshihiko , Saito Hirohide 
Published: April 2019

The original version of this Article contained an error in the fourth sentence of the second paragraph of the ‘Improving the performance of miRNA-responsive circuits’ section of the Results, which incorrectly read ‘We confirmed a significant fold-change between ON and OFF states (from 3.5- to 9.0-fold) in 293FT cells (Supplementary Figure 3).’ The correct version states ‘4.6’ in place of ‘3.5’. This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.The original version of the Supplementary Information contained a corresponding error in Supplementary Figure 3. The HTML has been updated to include a corrected version of the Supplementary Information.