bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visualizing Winchester: a brand history through iconic Western images
Authors: Witkowski Terrence H. 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to present a visually documented brand history of Winchester Repeating Arms through a cultural analysis of iconic Western images featuring its lever action rifles.

Design/methodology/approach
The study applies visual culture perspectives and methods to the research and writing of brand history. Iconic Western images featuring Winchester rifles have been selected, examined, and used as points of departure for gathering and interpreting additional data about the brand. The primary sources consist chiefly of photographs from the nineteenth century and films and television shows from the twentieth century. Most visual source materials were obtained from the US Library of Congress, the Smithsonian Institution, the Buffalo Bill Center of the West and the Internet Movie Firearms Database. These have been augmented by written sources.

Findings
Within a few years of the launch of the Winchester brand in 1866, visual images outside company control associated its repeating rifles with the settlement of the American West and with the colorful people involved. Some of these images were reproduced in books and others sold to consumers in the form of cartes de visite, cabinet cards and stereographs made from albumen prints. Starting in the 1880s, the live Wild West shows of William F. Cody and his stars entertained audiences with a heroic narrative of the period that included numerous Winchesters. During the twentieth century and into the present, Winchesters have been featured in motion pictures and television series with Western themes.

Research limitations/implications
Historical research is an ongoing process. The discovery of new primary data, both written and visual, may lead to a revised interpretation of the selected images.

Originality/value
Based largely on images as primary data sources, this study approaches brand history from the perspective of visual culture theory and data. The research shows how brands acquire meaning not just from the companies that own them but also from consumers, the media and other producers of popular culture.
Stakeholder engagement in intra- and inter-organizational innovation
Authors: Jonas Julia M. , Boha Julian , Sörhammar David , Moeslein Kathrin M. 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
To further extend the understanding of multidimensional engagement of stakeholders embedded in service systems, the purpose of this paper is to explore the antecedents that constitute stakeholder engagement in inter-organizational service ecosystems where stakeholders co-create innovations over time.

Design/methodology/approach
An explorative, longitudinal case study design is employed to analyze stakeholders’ engagement in co-innovation in an inter-organizational service system in an engineering context.

Findings
The study identifies eight antecedents for stakeholder engagement in innovation in the context of a B2B environment. Building on related engagement research, the empirical data show how stakeholder engagement is influenced at both individual and organizational levels by the antecedents friendship, common experiences, self-representation, trust, a common goal, resource dependency, level in the hierarchy, institutional arrangements, and local proximity.

Originality/value
The paper extends current understanding of engagement and illuminates stakeholder engagement on a micro level, addressing four key issues for stakeholder engagement in a service ecosystem. How can stakeholder engagement be maintained over time? Does stakeholder engagement at specific hierarchical levels enhance or hinder inter-organizational co-innovation? Is strong engagement necessary for innovation activities? Are the different engagement antecedents linked?
Understanding black market retailing: the case of Colombia’s San Andresitos
Authors: Rosenbaum Mark S. , Losada-Otalora Mauricio , Contreras-Ramirez Germán 
Published: May 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore black market retailing, with a focus on Colombia’s San Andresitos.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use grounded theory methodology to develop a theoretical framework that explains how consumers rationalize their acceptance, rejection, or tolerance of black market retailing. The authors obtained qualitative data based on reader responses to newspaper articles on San Andresitos and used the responses as qualitative data in comparative analysis to derive a “strategy family” theoretical framework.FindingsThe framework advances rationalization techniques that consumers employ to accept, reject, or tolerate the San Andresitos.Research limitations/implicationsColombians are divided on the legality of the San Andresitos. Although half the informants note the wrongfulness of the San Andresitos, the other half offer reasons to accept or tolerate them.Practical implicationsLegitimate (i.e. lawful) retailers operating in Colombia, or planning to enter, need to realize that local and national government officials support the San Andresitos. Colombia’s legitimate retailers must co-exist with the black market and dissuade consumers from patronizing unauthorized vendors or purchasing illicit goods.Social implicationsColombia’s acceptance of its black markets results in consumers inadvertently supporting crime, terrorism, and even bodily harm via the San Andresitos. However, the San Andresitos enable lower-income consumers to gain access to otherwise unattainable merchandise and provide employment through lower-skilled labor.Originality/valueThis paper is one of the first to explore black markets. From a transformative service research perspective, this research reveals how consumers, retailers, and government officials participate in Colombia’s black market, and how their activities serve to harm consumer well-being.
Consumer dispositions toward global brands
Authors: Srivastava Ankur , Balaji M.S. 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
Despite the increasing attention on consumers in emerging markets, there is limited research on the emerging market consumers’ evaluation of global brands. The purpose of this paper is to address this research gap by examining the role of consumer dispositions – cosmopolitanism, need for uniqueness and materialism in attitude and purchase intentions toward global brands from emerging vs developed markets.

Design/methodology/approach
A mall intercept method was used to collect responses from shoppers in four major cities in India. The intercept method produced a usable sample of 613 respondents. Each respondent was asked to mark his or her response concerning two global brands – one each from developed and emerging markets separately.

Findings
The findings show that cosmopolitanism and need for uniqueness determine emerging market consumers’ attitude toward global brands. Specifically, the authors find that while cosmopolitanism has a higher positive impact on global brands from the developed market, need for uniqueness has a negative impact on global brands from emerging market.

Research limitations/implications
The study findings show that need for uniqueness negatively affects attitude toward global brands from emerging markets. This presents a significant challenge for global brands from emerging market when competing with the counterparts from developed markets.

Practical implications
The findings show that managers of global brands in emerging markets should develop unique brand positioning that differentiates from international brands. By carefully managing their marketing mix elements (e.g. price, design, distribution), they can induce counter-conformity among consumers for brands that originate in emerging markets.

Originality/value
While prior studies suggest that emerging market consumers prefer foreign brands than domestic brands, little attention was focused on the antecedents for such preference. This study considers consumer dispositions, which were not examined in prior research in addressing this research gap.
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, thyroid cancer and Langerhans cell histiocytosis in a patient with X‐linked recessive Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases with a nuclear factor‐κB essential modifier mutation
Authors: Inoue Yuta , Shimizu Akira , Suto Mariko , Kishi Chikako , Takahashi Ayumi , Yasuda Masahito , Iijima Mayuko , Arakawa Hirokazu , Ishikawa Osamu 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNuclear factor (NF)‐κB essential modifier (NEMO), also known as IκB kinase subunit‐γ (IKKγ), is a pivotal molecule in the NF‐κB signaling pathway. Mutations of NEMO cause incontinentia pigmenti and X‐linked ectodermal dysplasia with immunodeficiency. Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases (MSMD), which confers an almost selective predisposition to mycobacterial infection, is also caused by NEMO mutations. We herein report the first case of a patient with X‐linked recessive (XR) MSMD who developed cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, thyroid cancer and Langerhans cell histiocytosis. The relationship between NEMO mutation and oncogenesis is discussed.
Seasonality promotes grassland diversity: Interactions with mowing, fertilization and removal of dominant species
Authors: Doležal Jiří , Lanta Vojtěch , Mudrák Ondřej , Lepš Jan 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Current biodiversity declines in species‐rich grasslands are connected with the cessation of management, eutrophication and the expansion of dominant grass species. One of the theoretical mechanisms limiting biodiversity loss is the ability of subordinate species to avoid competitive exclusion by seasonal niche separation from dominant species. Here, we explore how seasonality underpins the maintenance of diversity in temperate meadows under different management regimes and competition intensities in relation to species functional traits.

We studied eight different communities in a long‐term meadow experiment that manipulated mowing, fertilization and dominant species (Molinia caerulea) removal. In each community, species‐specific trait and biomass data were taken five times during the year to test whether seasonal variation in species composition and functional strategies enable species to coexist.

Mown unfertilized meadows exhibited pronounced seasonal variations in community composition and structure, linked to differences in resource‐use strategies between mid‐summer dominants and the spring and autumn subordinates. Higher specific leaf area and foliar nitrogen concentration in the fast‐growing dominants, and increased water use (δ13C) and nutrient acquisition (δ15N) efficiency in resource‐retentive subordinates, best predicted their temporal niche separation. Seasonal segregation of species with contrasting strategies increased after mowing cessation, and the resulting summer dominance of Molinia. Conversely, the seasonal dynamics were markedly reduced by fertilization, promoting tall grasses over sedges and forbs throughout the entire year, thereby decreasing the overall taxonomic and functional diversity. When Molinia was removed the compositional changes during the season became less pronounced, being significant only in mown unfertilized plots.

Synthesis. Seasonal shifts in community composition reduced the competitive interactions and promoted the coexistence of dominant and subordinate species. Seasonality reversed the negative mid‐summer diversity‐productivity relationship with a positive one during the spring and autumn, and seasonality only prevented diversity loss in unfertilized conditions possibly because competition is most intense in summer. In fertilized meadows, subordinate species are not able to escape competitive exclusion by shifting their phenological peaks to the spring or autumn periods because asymmetric competition is intense over the entire growing season. Studying seasonal dynamics is key to understanding the maintenance of grassland diversity under ongoing land use change.
Quantifying the importance of functional traits for primary production in aquatic plant communities
Authors: Gustafsson Camilla , Norkko Alf 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Aquatic plant meadows are important coastal habitats that sustain many ecosystem functions such as primary production and carbon sequestration. Currently, there is a knowledge gap in understanding which plant functional traits, for example, leaf size or plant height underlie primary production in aquatic plant communities.

To study how plant traits are related to primary production, we conducted a field survey in the Baltic Sea, Finland, which is characterized by high plant species and functional diversity. Thirty sites along an exposure gradient were sampled (150 plots), and nine plant morphological and chemical traits measured. The aim was to discern how community‐weighted mean traits affect community production and whether this relationship changes along an environmental gradient using structural equation modelling (SEM).

Plant height had a direct positive effect on production along an exposure gradient (r = 0.33) and indirect effects through two leaf chemical traits, leaf δ15N and leaf δ13C (r = 0.24 and 0.18, respectively) resulting in a total effect of 0.28. In plant communities experiencing varying exposure, traits such as root N concentration and leaf δ15N had positive and negative effects on production, respectively.

Synthesis. Our results demonstrate that the relationship between aquatic plant functional traits and community production is variable and changes over environmental gradients. Plant height generally has a positive effect on community production along an exposure gradient, while the link between other traits and production changes in plant communities experiencing varying degrees of exposure. Thus, the underlying biological mechanisms influencing production differ in plant communities, emphasizing the need to resolve variability and its drivers in real‐world communities. Importantly, functionally diverse plant communities sustain ecosystem functioning differently and highlight the importance of benthic diversity for coastal ecosystem stability.
Stillbirth rates in 20 countries of Latin America: an ecological study
Authors: Pingray V , Althabe F , Vazquez P , Correa M , Pajuelo M , Belizán JM 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveTo describe country‐level stillbirth rates and their change over time in Latin America, and to measure the association of stillbirth rates with socio‐economic and health coverage indicators in the region.DesignEcological study.Setting20 countries of Latin America.Population or SampleAggregated data from pregnant women with countries as units of analysis.MethodsWe used stillbirth estimates, and socio‐economic and healthcare coverage indicators reported from 2006 to 2016 from UNICEF, United Nations Development Programme and World Bank datasets. We calculated Spearman's correlation coefficients between stillbirths rates and socioeconomic and health coverage indicators.Main outcome measuresNational estimates of stillbirth rates in each country.ResultsThe estimated stillbirth rate for Latin America for 2015 was 8.1 per 1000 births (range 3.1–24.9). Seven Latin America countries had rates higher than 10 stillbirths per 1000 births. The average annual reduction rate for the region was 2% (range 0.1–3.8%), with the majority of Latin America countries ranging between 1.5 and 2.5%. National stillbirth rates were correlated to: women's schooling (rS = −0.7910), gross domestic product per capita (rS = −0.8226), fertility rate (rS = 0.6055), urban population (rS = −0.6316), and deliveries at health facilities (rS = −0.6454).ConclusionsCountry‐level estimated stillbirth rates in Latin America varied widely in 2015. The trend and magnitude of reduction in stillbirth rates between 2000 and 2015 was similar to the world average. Socio‐economic and health coverage indicators were correlated to stillbirth rates in Latin America.Tweetable abstractStillbirth rates decreased in Latin America but remain relatively high, with wide variations among countries.
Peri‐anal surface dose in anal canal VMAT radiotherapy
Authors: Joseph Kurian , Rose Brenda , Warkentin Heather , Yun Jihyun , Ghosh Sunita , Tankel Keith 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntroductionSkin bolus may routinely be used in the perineum to build up the surface dose in the treatment of anal cancer (ACC); this may contribute to significant acute skin toxicity. Skin bolus may not be needed with the introduction of modern radiotherapy techniques if these planning techniques would achieve adequate surface dose. Our study is to ascertain if appropriate skin dose can be achieved without the use of bolus when VMAT is used in the treatment of ACC.MethodsThe study includes 10 ACC patients treated with VMAT radiotherapy. Optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters (OSLD) are used to evaluate whether the calculated dose for the VMAT planning technique (VMAT‐PT) accurately predicted the dose delivered to peri‐anal target region without bolus. The OSLD recorded the dose at the anal verge or at the lower most extent of the tumour for each patient over two fractions. The OSLD was read after each of the two fractions, and the average value was reported. The mean dose over a volume centred on the anal marker was calculated in the treatment planning system (TPS).ResultsThe mean TPS‐calculated dose was 186.1 cGy. The mean of the OSLD‐measured doses was 205.7 cGy for a single fraction. The mean of the measured doses was 10.6% higher than the mean of the calculated doses.ConclusionsThe calculated dose for the VMAT‐PT consistently under‐predicted the dose delivered to the peri‐anal target region without bolus. Routine use of skin bolus could be avoided with VMAT‐PT when the patient is treated in a supine position.
Extracellular RNA profiles with human age
Authors: Dluzen Douglas F. , Noren Hooten Nicole , De Supriyo , Wood William H. , Zhang Yongqing , Becker Kevin G. , Zonderman Alan B. , Tanaka Toshiko , Ferrucci Luigi , Evans Michele K. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryCirculating extracellular RNAs (exRNAs) are potential biomarkers of disease. We thus hypothesized that age‐related changes in exRNAs can identify age‐related processes. We profiled both large and small RNAs in human serum to investigate changes associated with normal aging. exRNA was sequenced in 13 young (30–32 years) and 10 old (80–85 years) African American women to identify all RNA transcripts present in serum. We identified age‐related differences in several RNA biotypes, including mitochondrial transfer RNAs, mitochondrial ribosomal RNA, and unprocessed pseudogenes. Age‐related differences in unique RNA transcripts were further validated in an expanded cohort. Pathway analysis revealed that EIF2 signaling, oxidative phosphorylation, and mitochondrial dysfunction were among the top pathways shared between young and old. Protein interaction networks revealed distinct clusters of functionally‐related protein‐coding genes in both age groups. These data provide timely and relevant insight into the exRNA repertoire in serum and its change with aging.
A randomized controlled evaluation of the tobacco status project, a Facebook intervention for young adults
Authors: Ramo Danielle E. , Thrul Johannes , Delucchi Kevin L. , Hall Sharon , Ling Pamela M. , Belohlavek Alina , Prochaska Judith J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimsTo test the efficacy of the Tobacco Status Project (TSP) Facebook smoking cessation intervention for young adults relative to referral to an on‐line program on biochemically verified 7‐day abstinence from smoking.DesignTwo‐group parallel randomized controlled trial, comparing TSP (n = 251) to on‐line control (n = 249) with follow‐up to 12 months.SettingOn‐line, throughout the United States.ParticipantsYoung adult cigarette smokers (mean age 21 years; 73% white, 55% female, 87% daily smokers).Interventions and comparatorTSP provided private Facebook groups tailored to stage of change to quit smoking, daily contacts, weekly live counseling sessions, and for those ready to quit, six cognitive behavioral therapy counseling sessions. Some TSP groups were assigned randomly to receive a monetary incentive for engagement. Control provided referral to the National Cancer Institute Smokefree.gov website.Measurements: primary outcomeBiochemically verified 7‐day abstinence over 12 months.Secondary outcomesPost‐treatment (3‐month) abstinence; reported abstinence, quit attempt, reduction in smoking, readiness to quit smoking over 12 months.FindingsVerified 7‐day abstinence was not significantly different for intervention compared with control over 1 year: month 3 (8.3 versus 3.2%), 6 (6.2 versus 6.0%), and 12 (5.9 versus 10.0%); odds ratio (OR) = 1.07; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.23, 4.97; retention = 71%. There was an effect at 3 months (OR = 2.52; CI = 1.56, 4.04; P < 0.0001). There were no 12‐month treatment effects for reported abstinence (P = 0.746), reduction in smoking by 50% or more (P = 0.533), likelihood of having made a quit attempt (P = 0.387) or stage of change over time (0.968). Participants in TSP engaged more and rated the intervention more favorably than those in the control condition.ConclusionsCompared with referral to a smoking cessation website, a novel USA‐focused Facebook smoking cessation intervention did not improve abstinence from smoking over 1 year, but increased abstinence at the end of treatment and was engaging to participants.
A prospective observational study of pigmented naevi changes in psoriasis patients on biologic therapy
Authors: Choi Seohee Deanne , D'Souza Mario I , Menzies Scott W , Weninger Wolfgang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesPatients on biologic therapy are thought to be at increased risk of developing non‐melanoma skin cancers and melanomas. It is unknown whether biologic therapy alters the natural history of melanocytic naevi. Therefore, a prospective observational study was conducted to determine whether psoriasis patients on biologic therapy develop changes in naevi.MethodsClinical and dermoscopic assessment of all melanocytic naevi was performed in 45 psoriasis patients on biologic therapy versus a control cohort of 43 subjects, using sequential digital dermoscopic imaging and total body photography. The mean follow‐up period was 1.5 years.ResultsThe study and control patients had comparable age, gender, previous and family history of non‐melanoma skin cancers and melanomas, as well as previous sun exposure and total number of naevi. The number of naevi with major dermoscopic changes was 3% in the study and 1.9% in the control group, with an adjusted incidence rate ratio of 1.45 (95% confidence interval 0.90–2.33; P = 0.125). The rate of minor changes was 15.9% in the study group versus 19.4% in the control (adjusted incidence rate ratio 0.77, 95% confidence interval 0.57–1.08; P = 0.14). There were six new dysplastic naevi in 4/45 biologic patients and four in 4/43 controls; however, the difference was not significant (relative risk 0.96, 95% confidence interval −0.12 to 0.12; P = 0.95). There were no melanomas in either group.ConclusionOver a mean follow‐up period of 1.5 years there was no evidence of significantly different changes in naevi or development of new dysplastic naevi in psoriasis patients on biologic treatment compared to controls.