bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteinuria in pregnancy: Clinically driven considerations
Authors: Cassia Matthias Arnaldo , Daminelli Giulia , Zambon Marta , Cardellicchio Manuela , Cetin Irene , Gallieni Maurizio 
Published: April 2018

Introduction: Proteinuria assessment is a key test in pregnancy to evaluate renal and systemic well-being. The finding of proteinuria may allow diagnosis and ready intervention for pre-eclampsia and glomerulonephritis, which may compromise a favorable delivery. Moreover, pathological-range isolated proteinuria is a risk factor by itself for adverse outcomes during pregnancy. An appropriate interpretation of pathologic values of proteinuria is therefore of crucial importance. Patient presentation: We present the case of a 33-year-old apparently healthy woman at her first pregnancy who developed a clinically significant proteinuria during the first trimester; we describe the clinical workup and the management of the patient up to delivery. Conclusion: Urine analysis with dipstick or protein-to-creatinine ratio is part of the routine prenatal clinical care during pregnancy. Detection of a pathological proteinuria (>300 mg/24 h or equivalent) should never be underestimated, and timed urine collection is required, as well as a thorough medical examination. The main goal is to exclude pre-eclampsia, whereas the suspect of a primary kidney disease can be managed together with the nephrologist, both for management and treatment.
Elderly patient: which vascular access? Choice and management of vascular access in the elderly patient
Authors: Menegolo Mirko , Xodo Andrea , Alessi Marianna , Maturi Carlo , Simioni Francesca , Rossi Barbara , Calò Lorenzo Antonio , Antonello Michele , Grego Franco 
Published: April 2018

The optimal vascular access for elderly patients remains a challenge due to the difficult balance between risks and benefits in a population with increased comorbidity and decreased survival. Long dependence to central vein catheter, patient comorbidities, life expectancy, and complication rates are important influencing the indications for arteriovenous fistula or an arteriovenous graft. Although central vein catheters are simpler way to start a hemodialysis treatment, elderly patients are also at higher risk of death from infection or other complications associated with them more than for younger patients. The discussion revolves around the following key questions: What are the limiting factors for a vascular access in the elderly patients? Central venous catheter—is it still an option for elderly patients? Is still the autologous arteriovenous fistula playing a pivotal role as hemodialysis access in the elderly patients? Are there any real surgical contraindication to perform a vascular access in elderly patients? Is the old age a limiting factor for the vascular access management?
Diffuse cardiac fibrosis quantification in early systemic sclerosis by magnetic resonance imaging and correlation with skin fibrosis
Authors: Lee Daniel C , Hinchcliff Monique E , Sarnari Roberto , Stark Madeline M , Lee Jungwha , Koloms Kimberly , Hoffmann Aileen , Carns Mary , Thakrar Anjali , Aren Kathleen , Varga John , Aquino Alejandro , Carr James C , Benefield Brandon C , Shah Sanjiv J 
Published: April 2018

Purpose: To evaluate the utility of cardiac magnetic resonance T1 mapping in early systemic sclerosis and its association with skin score. Methods: In total, 24 consecutive patients with early systemic sclerosis referred for cardiovascular evaluation and 12 controls without systemic sclerosis were evaluated. All patients underwent cine, T1 mapping, and late gadolinium–enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. T1 mapping indices were compared between systemic sclerosis patients and controls (extracellular volume fraction, gadolinium partition coefficient (λ), pre-contrast T1, and post-contrast T1). The association between T1 mapping parameters and the modified Rodnan skin score was determined. Results: There were no significant differences in cardiac structure/function between systemic sclerosis patients and controls on cine imaging, and 8 of 24 (33%) systemic sclerosis patients had evidence of late gadolinium–enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (i.e. focal myocardial fibrosis). Of the T1 mapping parameters (indices indicative of diffuse myocardial fibrosis), extracellular volume fraction differentiated systemic sclerosis patients from controls the best, followed by λ, even when the eight systemic sclerosis patients with late gadolinium–enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging were excluded. Extracellular volume fraction had a sensitivity and specificity of 75% and 75% for diffuse myocardial fibrosis (optimal abnormal cutoff value of >27% (area under receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.85)). In the 16 patients without evidence of late gadolinium–enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, each of the four cardiac magnetic resonance T1 mapping parameters (extracellular volume fraction, λ, Pre-T1 and Post-T1) correlated with modified Rodnan skin score ( R = 0.51–0.65, p = 0.007–0.043), indicating a correlation between systemic sclerosis cardiac and skin fibrosis. Conclusion: The four T1 mapping indices are significantly correlated with modified Rodnan skin score in patients with early systemic sclerosis. Quantification of diffuse myocardial fibrosis using extracellular volume fraction should be considered as a marker for cardiac involvement in systemic sclerosis clinical studies.
Calculation of slowness vectors from ray directions for qP-, qSV-, and qSH-waves in tilted transversely isotropic media
Authors: Zhang Lijiao , Zhou Bing 
Published: April 2018

Kinematic ray tracing is an effective way to simulate the seismic wave propagation in isotropic and anisotropic media. It is essential to know the ray velocity when tracing seismic rays. But in anisotropic media, the ray velocity is a function of the direction of the slowness vector instead of the ray direction and it often deviates from the phase velocity. In this case, it causes a critical problem for ray tracing, which is how to calculate the ray velocity from a known ray direction. If we could calculate the phase slowness vector from ray directions, the ray velocity could be computed. We have evaluated a previous method in the first place. Then, we developed two new methods to solve two existing problems of the previous method: (1) It leads to complex and multiple solutions of the slowness vector and (2) it mixes up the qP- and qSV-wave modes. Our first method solves the two problems by applying eigenvalues to separate the wave modes and decrease the two unknowns ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) to only one unknown in two equations. Our second method is based on the general relationship between the slowness and ray-velocity vectors and shows that only one unknown is involved in one equation for tilted transversely isotropic (TTI) media. After obtaining the slowness vector, the ray velocity can be computed easily. A 2D model is designed to test the feasibility of the new methods. Using the results for the model, we found that the presented approaches were applicable for ray tracing in TTI media.
Concordance of Non–Low-Risk Disease Among Pairs of Brothers With Prostate Cancer
Authors: Jansson Fredrik , Drevin Linda , Frisell Thomas , Stattin Pär , Bratt Ola , Akre Olof 
Published: April 2018

Purpose Prostate cancer among first-degree relatives is a strong risk factor for diagnosis of prostate cancer, and the contribution of heritable factors in prostate cancer etiology is high. We investigated how the concordance of non–low-risk prostate cancer among brothers is affected by their genetic relation. Methods We identified 4,262 pairs of brothers with prostate cancer in the Prostate Cancer Database Sweden. Their cancers were categorized as low risk (Gleason score ≤ 6; clinical stage T1-2, Nx/N0, Mx/M0; and prostate-specific antigen ≤ 10 ng/mL) or non–low risk. The odds ratio (OR) for concordance of non–low-risk cancer was calculated with logistic regression for the different types of fraternity (monozygotic twins, dizygotic twins, full brothers, and half-brothers) Results Among monozygotic twins who both were diagnosed with prostate cancer, the OR for both brothers being in the non–low-risk category was 3.82 (95% CI, 0.99 to 16.72) after adjusting for age and year of diagnosis. Among full brothers, the corresponding adjusted OR was 1.21 (95% CI, 1.04 to 1.39). When the analysis was restricted to brothers who both were diagnosed within 4 years, the results were similar. Conclusion Non–low-risk prostate cancer has a heritable pattern suggesting shared genetic factors, with the highest concordance among monozygotic twins. Our results suggest that a man whose brother has been diagnosed with a non–low-risk prostate cancer is at a clinically relevant increased risk of developing an aggressive prostate cancer himself.
The filamin-B–refilin axis – spatiotemporal regulators of the actin-cytoskeleton in development and disease
Authors: Baudier Jacques , Jenkins Zandra A. , Robertson Stephen P. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
During development, cycles of spatiotemporal remodeling of higher-order networks of actin filaments contribute to control cell fate specification and differentiation. Programs for controlling these dynamics are hard-wired into actin-regulatory proteins. The filamin family of actin-binding proteins exert crucial mechanotransduction and signaling functions in tissue morphogenesis. Filamin-B (FLNB) is a key player in chondrocyte progenitor differentiation for endochondral ossification. Biallelic loss-of-function mutations or gain-of-function mutations in FLNB cause two groups of skeletal disorders that can be attributed to either the loss of repressive function on TGF-β signaling or a disruption in mechanosensory properties, respectively. In this Review, we highlight a unique family of vertebrate-specific short-lived filamin-binding proteins, the refilins (refilin-A and refilin-B), that modulate filamin-dependent actin crosslinking properties. Refilins are downstream TGF-β effectors in epithelial cells. Double knockout of both refilin-A and refilin-B in mice results in precocious ossification of some axial skeletal elements, leading to malformations that are similar to those seen in FLNB-deficient mice. Based on these findings, we present a model summarizing the role of refilins in regulating the mechanosensory functions of FLNB during skeletal development. We also discuss the possible contribution of refilins to FLNB-related skeletal pathologies that are associated with gain-of-function mutations.
Międzypokoleniowy przekaz pamięci o Kresach Wschodnich II Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
Authors: Głowacka-Grajper Małgorzata 
Published: April 2018

Małgorzata Głowacka-Grajper, Intergenerational transmission of the memory of the Eastern Borderlands of Second Polish Republic
In the article the author analyzes the way of thinking of NGO’s representatives on transmission of the memory of the lost eastern borderlands of the Second Republic of Poland (called Kresy) in contemporary social and cultural conditions. Basing on interviews with acti vists from three different generations the author presents social division of mnemonic labor of Kresy – roles played by people from different generations, their motivations, emotional attitudes and their diagnosis of the process of memory transmission and its social and individual aspects.
Once upon a Time in an Occupied CountryAll translations from Dutch and German are my own.
Authors: Joosen Vanessa 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
“Is it a coincidence, or is it a symptom of the age that, in a relatively short time, so many fairy tales and folktales have appeared?” a Dutch journalist asked in August 1942 (G.H. 1). Indeed, although fairy tales had been popular in Dutch children’s literature for many decades, the Second World War proved to be a particularly fertile period for this genre. Children’s literature, and literature in general, did not suffer as much from the war as one might expect. Although the production of books was gradually and increasingly hampered by paper shortages and limitations set by the Nazi regime, in the first years of the war the literary and cultural market in the Netherlands flourished. The fairy tale took a special position in the new literary climate produced by the Second World War. This article describes how the war and the German occupation influenced the production, translation and reception of fairy tales in Dutch. Drawing on the title of Jack Zipes’ Why Fairy Tales Stick (2006), I explore why the fairy tale “stuck” and even boomed in Dutch literature between 1940 and 1945, and how the tales were transmitted and transformed to fit the new political, pedagogical and literary context. Two figures are of particular interest for the reception of fairy tales in this period: the folklorist Jan de Vries and the children’s author A.D. Hildebrand who translated an entire fairy-tale series during the war. Within the broader discussion, these two figures will receive particular attention because of the elaborate and complex ways in which they dealt with fairy tales.
Unfähigkeit
Authors: Welge Jobst 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe employee as a typical figure of modernity has been represented as a specific type of literary anti-hero since the nineteenth century. Italo Svevo’s early novel, Una vita (1982, A Life), is an example that is strongly related to the theme of the anti-hero in the French novel of disillusion, as well as to the fin-de-siécle concern with an incapacitated, dilettante protagonist, unable to act and live. In light of Svevo’s own misgivings about the profession of writing fiction, the novel reflects on the relation between literature and life, by way of an uprooted individual who finds himself ill at ease in the anonymous, competitive world of modernity. The subject of Svevo’s novel, the arrival of a provincial, petit-bourgeois intellectual to a semi-provincial city, may also be found in a somewhat later Brazilian novel, O amanuense Belmiro (The amanuensis Belmiro, 1937) by Cyro dos Anjos. Aside from parallels of plot, social, and geographical setting, which are grounded in the experience of modernity in different contexts, the two novels may be said to model a new kind of author-function, as well as a specific form of a non-linear, self-reflexive novel.
Myths We Cannot Believe In: The Function of Mythological Metanarratives in Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre and Hong Lou Meng
Authors: Kaminski Johannes 
Published: April 2018

AbstractKeeping the methodological challenges of comparative literature in mind, the present analysis of Cao Xueqin’s Hong Lou Meng and Goethe’s Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre explores the structural parallels of the texts. The interplay between the realist outline of the main stories and the metanarratives is evaluated in the light of the theory of myth. Instead of attempting to answer the dilemmas of human existence by naïvely deferring them to a mythological sphere, both texts remain remarkably ironic about the myths they employ. However, while in the Lehrjahre this literary self-consciousness helps to underline the value of the everyday world, Hong Lou Meng remains in wonder of an incomprehensible world.
Eine magische Enzyklopädie Amazoniens? Der Romanzyklus von Dalcídio Jurandir
Authors: Bolle Willi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe ca. 3,000 pages of Dalcídio Jurandir’s (1909–1979) cycle of ten novels contain an encyclopaedic abundance of information on the everyday history and culture of the inhabitants of Amazonia, especially the lower classes. The story narrated in this work has the structure of a Bildungsroman, a novel of individual development, and a Gesellschaftsroman, a novel about society. The action takes place in the 1920s and is located in the regional metropolis of Belém and its fluvial surroundings. My analysis and interpretation of this work as an encyclopaedia of Amazonia draws on the following concepts: 1) “Cycle”, especially in the form of the genre of a “roman-fleuve”; 2) “Paideia”, in the original meaning of “education of children and young people”; 3) “Dictionary”, as a reference to the Dictionnaire raisonné of the French Encyclopaedists, but above all in the etymological meaning of a collection of “dictions”: of remarkable phrases from the people. Using the notion of “magical encyclopaedia”, taken from Walter Benjamin, I emphasize how Jurandir confronts the practical wisdom of popular culture, based in part on legendary and mythological elements, with the challenges of modernity.
Sprechende Körper: Somatische und semiotische Spuren der Hysterie in T. S. Eliots „Hysteria“
Authors: Reich Marlene 
Published: April 2018

AbstractT. S. Eliot’s rarely discussed prose-poem “Hysteria” poses a riddle insofar as its title’s reference remains ambiguous: Both the male and female protagonist may be the locus of hysteria’s disturbing presence, as well as the text itself. This article tries to unravel the hysterical knot by taking recourse to psychoanalytic theory and elucidating the dichotomies manifest in “Hysteria,” in form as well as in content. The prose-poem is characterized by a divide between mind and body, male and female, symbolic and semiotic. Instead of complying with this disjunction and attributing the signs of hysteria to either side of the dichotomy, I suggest situating the origin of hysteria beyond it. Since hysteria’s characteristic is transgression and role-play, it may not be confined to one pole of a binary, to the man or the woman, body or mind, but always already transcends these binary structures. Indeed, as a social malady par excellence, I believe hysteria arises out of the void at the base of the male and female protagonist’s relationship and is thus a jointly produced and somatically encoded sign of distress.
Modelling the Thermal Degradation and Stabilisation of PVC in a Torque Rheometer
Authors: Fechter Reinhard Heinrich , Sandrock Carl , Labuschagne Frederick Johannes Willem Jacobus 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
A novel method for simulating the torque and temperature curves from a torque rheometer thermal stability test on poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) was developed. A mathematical model was proposed which combines the chemical kinetics involved in the thermal degradation and stabilisation process of PVC with heat transfer and viscosity relationships within the torque rheometer. The model coefficients were fitted to data obtained from previous experiments with a program written in the Python programming language using the Levenberg-Marquardt Algorithm (LMA) with multiple starts. The mathematical model fits the torque rheometer data successfully depending on the characteristics of the torque curve. The model fit is successful when the torque curve follows the expected behaviour. An unsuccessful model fit occurs when the torque curve deviates from the expected shape in a very specific way. In the degradation phase the torque curve increases to a local maximum, decreases to a local minimum and then increases again. The exact reason for the dip in torque is unknown.
Mediation Analysis with Attributable Fractions
Authors: Sjölander Arvid 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The attributable fraction is a common measure in epidemiological research, which quantifies the public health impact of a particular exposure on a particular outcome. Often, the exposure effect may be mediated through a third variable, which lies on the causal pathway between the exposure and the outcome. To assess the role of such mediators we propose a decomposition of the attributable fraction into a direct component and a mediated component. We show how these components can be estimated in cross-sectional, cohort and case-control studies, using either maximum likelihood or doubly robust estimation methods. We illustrate the proposed methods by an application to a study of physical activity, overweight and CVD. In an Appendix we provide R-code, which implements the proposed methods.
Alcohol use in adolescence: 5 years admissions at a pediatric emergency department
Authors: Rodrigues Marlene , Pontes Teresa , Almeida Juliana , Estrada Alexandra , Carvalho Susana 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize the profile and pattern of alcohol consumption in adolescents, admitted with acute alcoholic intoxication (AAI) at a pediatric emergency department of North Portugal.MethodsRetrospective descriptive study of adolescents aged between 10 and 17 years, admitted with AAI between 2012 and 2016. The following variables were evaluated: age, gender, drinking context, quantity and type of alcohol, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), previous episodes, associated injuries, transport to the emergency department, other drug consumption, blood alcohol level (BAL), blood glucose level, treatment and orientation. The χ2/Fisher’s exact test and t-Student test were performed (p < 0.05).ResultsA total of 180 adolescents with AAI presented. The majority of adolescents were older than 15 years old (71%) and 3% were younger than 14 years old. The mean age was 15.9 years [standard deviation (SD) 1.1 years] and 65% were males. The most common type of alcohol consumed was distilled drinks (60%). Recurrent alcohol use was identified in 7% and binge drinking was reported in 37% of patients. The mean BAL was 1.58 g/L (SD 0.6 g/L) and there were other drug consumptions (mainly cannabinoids) observed in 11% of patients. After emergency department discharge, 17% were followed at hospital consultation. There was no significant difference between boys and girls or between BAL and injuries or other drugs consumption.ConclusionThis study confirms a high rate of alcohol use among adolescents, in particular “heavy episodic drinking”, revealing an easy access to alcohol at this age. The integration of alcohol use prevention programs in community and education systems should be encouraged and implemented in every adolescent consultation.
The dialect(ic)s of control and resistance: intralingual audiovisual translation in Chinese TV drama
Authors: Chan Leo Tak-hung 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThere are two types of intralingual translation in contemporary China: diachronic and synchronic. While the former involves rewriting older texts in the modern tongue, the latter involves translation between Putonghua and local/regional Chinese dialects. Two modes of intralingual translation – dubbing and subtitling – will be examined in this article, in terms of their use in TV serials produced in China since the 2000s. The evidence (largely Cantonese dramas in Guangdong) shows that the use of a control-resistance paradigm to understand the relationship between the national language and Chinese dialects is fraught with problems. The paradigm has often been used, albeit in different ways, by researchers of China’s central-local relations, scholars of dialect films, and theorists of minority language translation. However, to characterize dubbing into Chinese dialects as “resistance”, and subtitling into Putonghua as “control”, is nothing less than a simplification of sociolinguistic realities that reveals a lack of awareness of how translation mediates between the different speech varieties in a diglossic society.