bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling the Current and Future Distribution of Indianthus virgatus (Roxb.) Suksathan & Borchs.: A Monotypic Plant Endemic to the Western Ghats‐Sri Lanka Biodiversity Hotspot
Authors: Vishnu Shreekara Bhat , Pandi Vivek , Madola Indrakheela , Gopallawa Bhathiya , Abraham Gija Anna , Gayathri Rajendiran , Yakandawala Deepthi , Muthusamy Annamalai 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTSpecies distribution modeling (SDM) is an essential tool in ecology and conservation for predicting species distributions based on species presence/absence data and environmental variables. The present study aimed to understand the distribution pattern and habitat suitability of Indianthus virgatus under current and future climate change scenarios (2050 and 2070) using MaxEnt (3.4.4) and Wallace Ecological Modeling (v2.1.2) tools. The study also intended to identify key environmental predictors of I. virgatus' distribution. Species occurrence data were collected from various sources, including herbarium (online and physical), field surveys, and online databases, yielding 105 unique locations in the Western Ghats (WG) of India and Sri Lanka. We used 19 bioclimatic variables and elevation data sourced from WorldClim for modeling. The MaxEnt and Wallace models showed excellent performance in predicting the distribution of I. virgatus, with area under the curve values of 0.958 (± 0.002) and 0.93, respectively. In MaxEnt modeling, Temperature Seasonality (bio4) was the most significant environmental parameter, followed by the Precipitation of the Coldest Quarter (bio19). In contrast, the Annual Mean Temperature (bio1), Temperature Seasonality (bio4), and Annual Precipitation (bio12) were among the key contributors in Wallace EcoMod. Both the models predicted relatively lesser areas in the species' distribution range as highly suitable habitats (HSH) in India and Sri Lanka. We found divergent trends in predicting I. virgatus distributions using MaxEnt and Wallace EcoMod, particularly for future projections. Nevertheless, both models predicted significant habitat loss under future climate change scenarios, especially under RCP85, with varying degrees of suitability across India and Sri Lanka. Overall, our findings on expected habitat loss under future climate change scenarios highlight the importance of conserving I. virgatus, which has already been declared critically endangered (CR) in Sri Lanka.
Temporal variability and predictability predict alpine plant community composition and distribution patterns
Authors: Reed William J. , Westmoreland Aaron J. , Suding Katharine N. , Doak Daniel F. , Bowman William D. , Emery Nancy C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOne of the most reliable features of natural systems is that they change through time. Theory predicts that temporally fluctuating conditions shape community composition, species distribution patterns, and life history variation, yet features of temporal variability are rarely incorporated into studies of species–environment associations. In this study, we evaluated how two components of temporal environmental variation—variability and predictability—impact plant community composition and species distribution patterns in the alpine tundra of the Southern Rocky Mountains in Colorado (USA). Using the Sensor Network Array at the Niwot Ridge Long‐Term Ecological Research site, we used in situ, high‐resolution temporal measurements of soil moisture and temperature from 13 locations (“nodes”) distributed throughout an alpine catchment to characterize the annual mean, variability, and predictability in these variables in each of four consecutive years. We combined these data with annual vegetation surveys at each node to evaluate whether variability over short (within‐day) and seasonal (2‐ to 4‐month) timescales could predict patterns in plant community composition, species distributions, and species abundances better than models that considered average annual conditions alone. We found that metrics for variability and predictability in soil moisture and soil temperature, at both daily and seasonal timescales, improved our ability to explain spatial variation in alpine plant community composition. Daily variability in soil moisture and temperature, along with seasonal predictability in soil moisture, was particularly important in predicting community composition and species occurrences. These results indicate that the magnitude and patterns of fluctuations in soil moisture and temperature are important predictors of community composition and plant distribution patterns in alpine plant communities. More broadly, these results highlight that components of temporal change provide important niche axes that can partition species with different growth and life history strategies along environmental gradients in heterogeneous landscapes.
Gastrointestinal morphology is an effective functional dietary proxy that predicts small mammal community structure
Authors: Chapman Olivia S. , McLean Bryan S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe availability and quality of food resources can alter the intensity of competition and predation pressure within communities. Understanding species capacity to respond to global change‐driven shifts in resource distribution is therefore crucial for biodiversity conservation. Small mammal communities are often structured by competition for food resources, but understanding and monitoring these processes are currently hindered by lack of functional dietary trait information in these hard‐to‐sample systems. In this study, we collected a comprehensive suite of gastrointestinal (GI) measurements from 26 small mammal species (including some never reported), compared them with more traditional craniodental traits in predicting dietary guild, and used them in a novel way to understand how diet structures 22 small mammal communities across the Appalachian Mountains of eastern North America. As predicted, we found GI traits to be effective dietary trait proxies; they were equally or more accurate than craniodental proportions in predicting the dietary guild of individual species. Furthermore, at the community level, we found that both the mean and functional dispersion of GI length were positively correlated with latitude and measures of temperature seasonality. Our results indicate that small mammal communities in more seasonal environments are filtered to include species with longer GI tracts (on average) as well as those that can partition food resources more finely, as expected based on the lower productivity of these regions. Conversely, communities in less seasonal environments display functional redundancy from the addition of species with short to intermediate GI lengths. Proportions of the GI tract represent novel dietary traits that can illuminate community assembly processes across regional environmental gradients and in the face of changing timing and availability of resources.
Current Trends in Biophysical Modeling of eDNA Dynamics for the Detection of Marine Species
Authors: Pastor Rollan Ane , Sherman Craig D. H. , Ellis Morgan R. , Tuohey Kate , Vennell Ross , Foster‐Thorpe Cian , Treml Eric A. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTMarine pest introductions continue to occur and increase at accelerated rates, threatening the marine environment and blue economy. Environmental DNA (eDNA) is a tool for determining the presence of both indigenous and nonindigenous species, via the detection of genetic material that is shed into the local environment. Although eDNA approaches have gained widespread adoption in the last decade, fundamental knowledge gaps remain around factors that can influence the probability of detection, and how to optimize eDNA sampling in aquatic environments. Here, we partition eDNA research into four major research themes: eDNA concentration (shedding and decay), transport (advection and mixing), sampling design strategies, and the modeling of these dynamics. We review current developments and challenges in each theme with a focus on field sampling strategies and the use of biophysical models for understanding the movement of modeling eDNA in complex aquatic environments. We then introduce three modeling case studies from a large embayment where we (1) quantify the spatial and temporal variability of eDNA dispersion, (2) use biophysical models to inform a field sampling strategy, and (3) demonstrate a backtracking modeling technique to identify upstream DNA sources to an existing sample (monitoring) site. We conclude by identifying specific recommendations to help improve future eDNA studies. This work highlights how biophysical models can be applied to improve early detection and informing response and management decisions.
Synthesis of [6,5,5]Ring‐Fused Tricyclic Triazoles by Copper‐Promoted Double Cyclization
Authors: Pošta Martin , Dmitrieva Margarita , Volpe Chiara , Matoušek Václav , Klepetářová Blanka , Beier Petr 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRing‐fused 1,2,3‐triazoles are important biologically active compounds and synthetic intermediates. Known methods for their synthesis are limited mostly to triazoles fused to six‐membered or larger rings. Herein we disclose a synthetic approach to triazoles fused to five‐membered rings based on copper(I)‐promoted double cyclization consisting of azide‐alkyne cycloaddition, followed by cross coupling to aryl iodides.
Investigation on Lithiated Half‐Heusler Alloy CoMnSi for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Matth Sadhana , Sharma Neha , Pal Raghavendra , Pandey Himanshu 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn this work, we report on CoMnSi half‐Heusler alloy as a cathode material for secondary lithium‐ion batteries using ab initio methodology based on the density functional theory. The first‐principle calculations have been performed via the Wien2k package, which utilizes the full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP‐LAPW) method to estimate the stability of the proposed structures and electronic characteristics while considering the exchange and correlation effects within the generalized gradient approximation. This alloy is found structurally stable with better electronic properties and with the alloying of lithium (Li) into the host lattice of CoMnSi, the metallic character is attained for LixCo1−xMnSi (0.125 ≤ x ≤ 1). We propose possible reactions at electrodes during the electrochemical lithiation. The addition of Li in place of the Co atom is found to be an endothermic process. With the increase in lithium concentration, a substantial change in the total and atom projected density of states around the Fermi level is observed. The theoretical maximum specific capacity (CM) and theoretical open circuit voltage (OCV) increase with the increase of lithium concentration in CoMnSi. The CM and OCV values attain a maximum value of around 297 mAh/g and 2.4 Volts for x ≥ 0.75, which means towards the complete conversion of CoMnSi into LiMnSi. The LiMnSi exhibits a similar structure as CoMnSi, which is also advantageous for the overall performance of lithium‐ion batteries to avoid any volumetric change during the charging and discharging cycles. Hence, the proposed half‐Heusler alloys have great potential to be used as a cathode material for lithium‐ion batteries.
A Novel Clinching Auction Mechanism for Edge Computing Resource Allocation With Budget Limits
Authors: Zhang Jixian , Sun Hao , Wang Zhemin , Su Qian , Li Weidong 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAn auction mechanism is an effective resource allocation method that can increase the revenue of resource providers in the field of edge computing. Existing auction mechanism designs mostly aim to maximize social welfare when allocating resources, but these schemes lead to low revenue. In contrast, clinching auctions have achieved good results in spectrum allocation and advertising due to their high revenue. Therefore, a clinching auction mechanism is a promising tool for allocating edge computing resources. However, clinching auctions have the drawback that they can only allocate homogeneous finitely divisible goods, meaning that they cannot be directly applied for resource allocation in edge computing. This article presents two new auction mechanisms that improve on the clinching auction. Specifically, based on the principle of increasing global prices and local competition, two mechanisms are designed, one from the perspective of resource providers (MDCAM‐ECS) and the other from the perspective of users (MDCAM‐User), to solve the problem of edge computing resource allocation and pricing with deployment constraints and user budget constraints. The mechanisms proposed in this article have the properties of individual rationality, truthfulness, and computational efficiency. In the experiments, in terms of social welfare and revenue, our algorithms can achieve a 20% improvement over existing algorithms, such as fixed‐price, Vickery–Clarke–Groves (VCG), and monotonic critical‐price mechanisms. Additionally, in most experiments, our algorithm can ensure resource utilization greater than 80%.
Deep Artificial Immune System With Malicious Node Detection and Secure Routing Protocol in MANET
Authors: Jamaesha S. Syed , Gowtham M. S. , Ramkumar M. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn the context of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs), the dynamic and decentralized topology poses significant challenges like unreliable connectivity, limited bandwidth, node mobility, and vulnerability to security threats from malicious nodes. Ensuring secure and energy‐efficient data transmission in such environments is crucial for mission‐critical applications. This research addresses these pressing challenges by introducing a robust routing protocol capable of detecting and mitigating malicious nodes, thereby enhancing MANET's Quality of Service (QoS). The proposed approach, the Dendritic Cell with Adaptive Trust Q‐learning Protocol (dDC‐ATQP), integrates several innovative techniques to tackle these issues. Firstly, the trust evaluation mechanism assesses the behavior of nodes to identify potential malicious actors, mitigating the effect of malicious nodes on system execution. Secondly, the adaptive routing strategy optimizes data transmission paths based on real‐time network conditions, reducing latency and packet loss. To evaluate the effectiveness of this approach, extensive simulations are conducted using a range of performance metrics. The results demonstrate significant improvements over existing methods, including a throughput increase of (79.2% in 50 s), lower end‐to‐end‐delay (0.075 s for 20 nodes), energy consumption of (38.55/J), higher packet delivery ratio (98% for 20 nodes), reduced packet loss ratio (5% for 100 nodes), enhanced security (80% for 70 nodes).
Microsatellite Instability and Loss of Heterozygosity as Prognostic Markers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Molecular Mechanisms, Detection Techniques, and Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Arslan Bozdag Leyla , Inan Sevinç , Elif Gultekin Sibel 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of research investigating the potential role of microsatellite instability (MSI) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), with a focus on molecular mechanisms, detection methods, and therapeutic approaches. Search for articles involved the PubMed and Scopus. Previous retrospective and prospective studies identified variations between oral cancers that exhibit microsatellite stability and LOH. In this search, 294 articles were initially retrieved. Of these, 70 were excluded due to duplication, 106 were identified as ineligible by automated tools, and 24 were excluded as they were published in languages other than English. An additional 94 articles were excluded, 32 of which focused on head and neck cancers broadly, and 8 could not be accessed due to withdrawal. Ultimately, a systematic review was conducted based on 54 selected articles. Among the chromosomes analyzed for MSI and LOH, the highest frequency of LOH was observed on chromosome 9p. The MSI subtype is particularly susceptible to immunotherapeutic methods, such as the use of anti‐PD‐L1 and anti‐CTLA4 antibodies, owing to its strong immunogenicity and ubiquitous expression of immune checkpoint ligands. Given the distinct characteristics and clinical behavior of oral cancer with MSI compared to microsatellite stable disease, it is advisable to incorporate MSI testing into the diagnostic process for all stages of tumor development. This ensured that each patient had received precise and effective treatment.
“You can't ignore us”: Multiliteracies and disruption in youth activism
Authors: Walker Amy 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article examines the activism of student protesters in a rural Rust Belt community's Black Lives Matter protest, challenging prevailing stereotypes about civic engagement, literacies, and youth involvement in rural settings. Utilizing critical ethnography and nexus analysis to examine disruptions of discourses in place and interview student participants about their activism, findings showcase how students strategically practiced multiliteracies to upturn power dynamics and assume leadership roles within a socio‐spatial landscape. Examining youth protest literacies can inform education partners of the ways students already engage in civic discourse and how understanding their co‐construction of space can inform practices across learning communities.
Successful ACL repair by dynamic intraligamentary stabilisation is non‐inferior in functional performance and worse in proprioception compared to healthy controls in a case‐matched study
Authors: Gommers Sophie A. , Farid Ajmal , de Groot Jeroen , Sierevelt Inger N. , Haverkamp Daniël ,   Dutch ACL repair study group
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurposeThe primary aim of this study was to assess non‐inferiority in functional performance of the knee after dynamic intraligamentary stabilisation (DIS) surgery at a minimal follow‐up of 1 year compared to healthy controls, based on limb symmetry index (LSI) of the single leg hop test (SLH). Additionally, functional performance based on the single leg triple hop test (SLTH) and side hop test (SH), proprioception and subjective outcome were evaluated.MethodsA total of 45 DIS patients were 1‐to‐1 matched to a healthy control. Functional performance was evaluated by LSI and absolute values on the SLH, SLTH and SH. Proprioception was assessed by joint position sense (JPS) test and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores were obtained.ResultsNon‐inferiority in functional performance after DIS compared to healthy controls was confirmed based on the mean LSI of the SLH and SLTH (97.6% vs. 99.6% and 97.5% vs. 100.6%, respectively) and non‐confirmed on the SH (98.8% vs. 100.0%, respectively). No significant differences were found in absolute value of the SLH and SLTH and a significantly higher absolute value of the SH was found in the DIS group (p = 0.01). JPS absolute angular error was significantly higher in the DIS group compared to the control group (p = 0.01). The median IKDC score of the DIS group was significantly lower (92, IQR 85–95) than the control group (100, IQR 99–100), p < 0.001.ConclusionsIn conclusion, functional performance after DIS was confirmed non‐inferior compared to healthy controls based on the SLH and SLTH, although non‐confirmed on the SH.Level of evidenceLevel III
Effect of design and surgical parameters variations in mobile‐bearing versus fixed‐bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: A finite element analysis
Authors: Luyckx Thomas , Bori Edoardo , Saldari Rachele , Fiore Sara , Altamore Virginia , Innocenti Bernardo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurposeUnicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKAs) are available in the market as fixed‐ and mobile‐bearing (FB and MB) and can be characterised by a different set of design parameters in terms of geometries, materials and surgical approaches, with overall good clinical outcomes. However, clear biomechanical evidence concerning the consequences of variations of these features on knee biomechanics is still lacking; therefore, the present study aims to perform a sensitivity analysis to see which outcomes are affected by these variations.MethodsFor both MB‐UKA and FB‐UKA, five design and surgical parameters were defined (bearing insert thickness, tibial component material, implant components friction coefficient, antero‐posterior slope angle and level of tibial bone resection). Two control models were defined based on standard configurations for both implants. Finite element analysis was chosen to perform this study, and different parameter combinations (216 models in total) were implemented and tested at both 0° and 90° of flexion, using a previously validated finite element knee model. The results were then evaluated in terms of bone and polyethylene Von Mises stress and tibio‐femoral contact area.ResultsBearing thickness, tibial bone cut and slope angle were found to be the most sensitive parameters for both types of UKAs. Specifically, changes in these parameters in the FB‐UKA appeared to induce more significant variations in the polyethylene insert (both in terms of polyethylene stress and contact area), while in the MB‐UKA, these changes influenced bone stress distribution more.ConclusionsSurgical parameters returned to have a more significant influence than material and friction variations; furthermore, the outcomes most affected by parameter variations were the insert‐related ones for FB‐UKA while for the MB‐UKA were the ones regarding tibial bone stresses.Level of EvidenceNot Applicable.
Nontargeted urine metabolomic analysis of acute intermittent porphyria reveals novel interactions between bile acids and heme metabolism: New promising biomarkers for the long‐term management of patients
Authors: Lefebvre Thibaud , Eguether Thibaut , Thévenot Etienne , Poli Antoine , Chu‐Van Emeline , Krasniqi Pranvera , Schmitt Caroline , Talbi Neila , Nicolas Gaël , Puy Hervé , Junot Christophe , Lamazière Antonin , Castelli Florence , Gouya Laurent , Fenaille François 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAcute intermittent porphyria is an inherited error of heme synthesis. The underlying pathophysiology, involving mainly hepatic heme synthesis, is poorly understood despite its occurrence, and the severity of acute porphyria attack is still difficult to control. A better understanding of the interactions between heme synthesis and global metabolism would improve the management of AIP patients. An untargeted metabolomic analysis was performed on the urine of 114 patients with overt AIP and asymptomatic carriers using liquid chromatography coupled to high‐resolution mass spectrometry. The collected data were analyzed by combining univariate and multivariate analyses. A total of 239 metabolites were annotated in urine samples by matching chromatographic and mass spectral characteristics with those from our chemical library. Twenty‐six metabolites, including porphyrin precursors, intermediates of tryptophan or glycine metabolism and, unexpectedly, bile acids, showed significant concentration differences between the phenotypic groups. Dysregulation of bile acid metabolism was confirmed by targeted quantitative analysis, which revealed an imbalance in favor of hydrophobic bile acids associated with changes in conjugation, which was more pronounced in the severe phenotype. Using a random forest model, the cholic acid/chenodeoxycholic acid ratio enables the differential classification of severe patients from other patients with a diagnostic accuracy of 84%. The analysis of urine samples revealed significant modifications in the metabolome of AIP patients. Alteration in bile acids provides new insights into the pathophysiology of chronic complications, such as primary liver cancer, while also providing new biomarker candidates for predicting the most severe phenotypes.