bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dipole Interactions and Fluctuation-Induced Forces
Authors: Milonni Peter W. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Concepts considered in earlier chapters, especially vacuum field fluctuations and zero-point energy, are applied to van der Waals, Casimir, and dipole-dipole resonance interactions, and to field quantization in dissipative dielectric media. Detailed but physically motivated calculations are presented regarding the Lifshitz theory, Casimir and Casimir-Polder forces, and the many-body theory of van der Waals and Casimir interactions based on dyadic Green functions. Expressions for quantized fields in dispersive and dissipative media are derived straightforwardly from Langevin noise theory, and it is shown how this approach is related to the more complicated Fano diagonalization method. Zero-point field energy in dissipative media and its role in Casimir and other effects is discussed in relation to other physical interpretations. Other topics discussed are (Forster) fluorescence resonance energy transfer and the modification of spontaneous emission rates by reflectors and host dielectric media.
After the Vote
Authors: Perry Elisabeth Israels 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Soon after his first inauguration in 1934, New York City mayor Fiorello La Guardia began appointing women into his administration. By the end of his three terms he had installed almost a hundred women as lawyers, board and commission members and secretaries, deputy commissioners, and judges. No previous mayor had done anything comparable. These “Women of the La Guardia Administration” met frequently for mutual support and political strategizing. This book tells their stories. It begins with the city’s suffrage movement, which prepared them for political action. After they won the vote in 1917, they joined political party clubs and began to run for office. Their plan was to use political platforms to enact feminist and progressive public policies. Circumstances unique to mid-twentieth-century New York City advanced their progress. In 1930, Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt authorized an inquiry into alleged corruption in the city’s government, long dominated by the Democratic Party’s machine, Tammany Hall. The inquiry turned first to charges of Vice Squad entrapment of women for sex crimes and their treatment in the city’s Women’s Court. Outraged by the inquiry’s disclosures and impressed by La Guardia’s pledge to rein in Tammany, many New York City women activists supported him for mayor. As appointees in his administration, they then helped him fulfill his plans for modernizing city government. This book argues that La Guardia’s women appointees contributed to his administration’s success and left a rich legacy of experience and political wisdom to oncoming generations of women in politics.
Legacy
Authors: Perry Elisabeth Israels 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In the post–La Guardia era, New York City women politicians experienced some successes but also many frustrations. The “glass ceiling” prevailed: many seemed on their way to higher and more prominent posts, only to be thwarted in the end. Although their quest for power in the early postsuffrage era remained unfulfilled, their story was not all disappointment. Contrary to the stereotypes about woman suffrage—that too few women voted to make a difference, that women voted just as their husbands did, or that women failed to win political office (as if it was their fault)—New York women voters gradually increased their numbers, voted independently from men, and often chose sides with women’s policy agendas in mind. Despite enduring biases against them, hundreds entered partisan political arenas, drawing strength, example, and tactics from their suffrage-era networks and forming strategic coalitions across racial, class, and ideological lines to achieve specific goals.
The Other Consequences of Conviction
Authors: Hoskins Zachary 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This chapter sets out the numerous different types of collateral legal consequences (CLCs) facing people with criminal records, including restrictions on employment, housing, welfare, and the vote. It distinguishes CLCs from the myriad informal collateral consequences experienced by offenders. Then it discusses various dimensions along which particular CLCs may be distinguished, such as their content, scope, and duration. It makes the case that CLCs raise serious moral challenges, which require greater attention from moral, legal, and political philosophers than they have received to date. The chapter concludes with an overview of the remainder of the book.
Rights as Security
Authors: Powell Rhonda 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The right to security of person is widely recognized but little understood. Courts, legislatures, scholars, and others disagree about how the right to security of person should be defined. This book investigates the meaning of the right to security of person through an analysis of its constituent parts: security and the person. Applying an original conceptual analysis of ‘security’, it is argued that the right to security of person imposes both positive and negative duties. Also, to identify the interests to be protected by the right, we need a theory of personhood or well-being such as Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum’s ‘capabilities approach’. It is accepted that any existing legal rights to security of person must be artificially delineated in order not to overstep the boundaries of other rights. In recognition of the naturally broad meaning of the right to security of person, it is proposed that human rights law as a whole should be seen as a mechanism to further security of person: rights as security.
Frozen or malleable? Political ideology in the face of job loss and unemployment
Authors: Wiertz Dingeman , Rodon Toni 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
To what degree do people adjust their political ideology in response to job loss? To answer this question, we draw on Dutch panel data over the period 2007–2016, paying special attention to the potential moderating role of various personal circumstances. We find that, on average, job loss triggers a leftward ideological response. Although small in size, this shock effect persists when people remain unemployed or find new employment, yet in the longer run it wears off. Furthermore, we find that job loss prompts a bigger shift to the left when people are simultaneously confronted with a major drop in household income, when they have fewer financial resources to serve as a buffer, and when they are more pessimistic about the economy. While we also observe many people who revise their ideology to the right during our study window, these rightward shifts do not seem driven by job loss experiences.
Increasing the Public Pension Age: Employers’ Concerns and Policy Preferences
Authors: van Dalen Hendrik P , Henkens Kène , Oude Mulders Jaap 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Governments increasingly focus on extending working lives by raising public pension ages and in some cases by linking pension ages to changes in the life expectancy. This study offers novel insights into how employers perceive such reforms and their consequences for their organization. A survey among employers (N = 1,208) has been carried out in 2017 to examine their reactions to a recent pension reform in the Netherlands. Statistical analyses are performed to examine employers’ support for the current policy of linking the public pension age to changes in average life expectancy, as well as the support for 2 alternative policies that are often considered in public policy debates: a flexible public pension age; and a lower public pension age for workers in physically demanding jobs. Results show that particularly employers in construction and industry are extremely concerned about the physical capability of employees to keep on working until the public pension age. These concerns are the driving forces behind the lack of support for linking public pension ages to changes in average life expectancy (22% support) and the overwhelming support for a lower public pension age for physically demanding jobs (82%). The introduction of a flexible pension age (78% support) is not firmly related to employers’ concerns about capability or employability of older workers.
PRO-Bookmarking to Estimate Clinical Thresholds for Patient-reported Symptoms and Function
Authors: Cook Karon F. , Cella David , Reeve Bryce B. 
Published: April 2019

Introduction:
PRO-Bookmarking is an alternative to traditional methods for deriving cut scores and applying qualitative modifiers to score ranges.

Methods:
In PRO-Bookmarking, a working group of stakeholders identifies ranges of scores they judge to credibly define different levels of a patient-reported outcome (PRO). Subsets of items and responses, called “clinical vignettes,” are woven into a narrative to represent different levels of the PRO. Working individually, stakeholders bookmark thresholds between clinical vignettes, ordered by PRO level, to define thresholds (eg, no problems, mild problems). Discussion of individual bookmark placements is led by a moderator with the goal of consensus with regard to bookmark locations.

Discussion:
The value of PRO measures depends on the extent to which different stakeholders are able to interpret scores. The PRO-Bookmarking method provides credible evidence on the common-language meaning of different ranges of scores. This evidence supplements other interpretative methods such as normative comparisons and comparisons with an external standard. PRO-Bookmarking is particularly valuable when, as is often the case with PRO measures, there is no clear external standard or even a useful external reference with which to compare PRO scores.

Key Points:
The PRO-Bookmarking procedure is a qualitative method that engages key stakeholders in in-depth consideration of the semantic meaning of ranges of PRO scores. Measures based on item banks calibrated using item response theory are ideal for PRO-Bookmarking. Response probabilities conditioned on different levels of the PRO are derived directly from the item response theory model, and item banks contain more items than traditional measures. Having a large number of items provides flexibility in the choice and variety of items that can be used to comprise the clinical vignettes. There is much to learn about Bookmarking in the PRO context and, more generally, about all methods for establishing PRO score thresholds. Issues for further study include the role of context of use for classifications, selection of semantic labels for levels of a PRO, and the extent to which findings generalize to clinical utility.
Association between body mass index (BMI) and hypertension in South Asian population: Evidence from Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Hossain Fariha Binte , Shawon Shajedur Rahman , Adhikary Gourab , Chowdhury Arif 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTAlthough there has been a well-established association between adiposity and hypertension, whether such associations are heterogeneous for South Asian populations or for different socioeconomic groups is not well-known. We analysed the recent Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data from Bangladesh, India, and Nepal to estimate the age-specific prevalence of hypertension and the association of body mass index (BMI) with hypertension. We used multiple logistic regressions to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of hypertension for overweight and obesity as well as for each 5-unit increase in BMI. The overall prevalence for hypertension among participants aged 35-44 years were 17.4%, 20%, and 22.5% for Bangladesh, India, and Nepal, respectively. For all age groups, men were more likely to be hypertensive than women in India and Nepal, but not in Bangladesh. Overweight and obesity were associated with higher odds of hypertension in all countries. For each 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI, the ORs for hypertension were 1.79 (95% CI: 1.65-1.93), 1.59 (95% CI: 1.58-1.61), and 2.03 (95% CI: 1.90-2.16) in Bangladesh, India, and Nepal, respectively. The associations between BMI and hypertension were consistent across various subgroups defined by sex, age, urbanicity, educational attainment and household’s wealth index. Our study shows that the association of BMI with hypertension is stronger for South Asian populations, and public health measures to reduce population-level reduction in BMI would also help in lowering the burden of hypertension.
Cooperative multi-agent search using Bayesian approach with connectivity maintenance
Authors: Xiao Hu , Cui Rongxin , Xu Demin 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to present a distributed Bayesian approach with connectivity maintenance to manage a multi-agent network search for a target on a two-dimensional plane.

Design/methodology/approach
The Bayesian framework is used to compute the local probability density functions (PDFs) of the target and obtain the global PDF with the consensus algorithm. An inverse power iteration algorithm is introduced to estimate the algebraic connectivity λ2 of the network. Based on the estimated λ2, the authors design a potential field for the connectivity maintenance. Then, based on the detection probability function, the authors design a potential field for the search target. The authors combine the two potential fields and design a distributed gradient-based control for the agents.

Findings
The inverse power iteration algorithm can distributed estimate the algebraic connectivity by the agents. The agents can efficient search the target with connectivity maintenance with the designed distributed gradient-based search algorithm.

Originality/value
Previous study has paid little attention to the multi-agent search problem with connectivity maintenance. Our algorithm guarantees that the strongly connected graph of the multi-agent communication topology is always established while performing the distributed target search problem.
A proposal designed for calibrating the liquidity coverage ratio for Islamic banks
Authors: Dolgun Muhammed Habib , Mirakhor Abbas , Ng Adam 
Published: April 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to critically investigate the liquidity risk management of Islamic banks and develop an alternative regulatory framework appropriate for liquidity management of these banks.Design/methodology/approachThe specific risk profile of an Islamic bank requires developing a new and more efficient regulatory framework, which relies on risk- sharing and symmetric information among parties. The paper makes a differentiation between small local banks and internationally active Islamic banks and proposes to apply liquidity requirements only for internationally active Islamic banks.FindingsA new proposal for the liquidity coverage ratio (LCR) of Islamic banks is developed in this paper towards mitigating risks and concurrently protecting the interests of investment account holders. Minimum and maximum thresholds are proposed for each liquid asset in this new LCR framework. An alternative liquidity approach is discussed to complement the proposal and several policy options are suggested.Originality/valueAs participation banks are exposed to market liquidity and market risks, more high-quality liquid instruments within a risk-sharing regulatory framework may provide the inner adjustment process through which any mismatch regarding maturity, risk, value or linkage with the real economy is corrected systematically. It offers policy implications for regulators, supervisors and international organizations.
Are provisions and contingent liabilities priced by the market?
Authors: Lopes Ana Isabel , Reis Laura 
Published: April 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to examine pricing differences regarding contingencies presented in statements of financial position or notes, which are considered an area for creative accounting.Design/methodology/approachThe authors have chosen two countries with different cultural environments to test the exploratory study. The sample includes companies using the International Accounting Standard (IAS) 37, which requires recognition of provisions while contingent liabilities are only disclosed, implying different impacts from underlying judgement related with contingencies. The authors apply a regression model based on the Ohlson equity-valuation framework.FindingsThe most important conclusion is that market participants in both countries follow different patterns when incorporating information about provisions and contingent liabilities. More precisely, the results suggest that provisions are value-relevant, but incrementally less negative in Portugal. Contingent liabilities seem to have no value relevance. However, an exception exists for Portuguese companies having a risk committee board, in which case a significant market valuation of contingent liabilities is found and discounted in share prices. The existence of a risk committee corroborates the value relevance of this board, which is positively valued by market participants in both national cultures.Practical implicationsThe findings may make a contribution to the IASB research project on the IAS 37 and possible amendments to it (suspended until the revisions to the conceptual framework are finalized) and to the IASB prioritization of communication effectiveness of financial statements to all users.Originality/valueValue relevance of contingencies differentiating countries from two different national cultures and firms with a risk committee on the board of directors.
Parametric optimization in modified air abrasive jet machining
Authors: Prasad S. Rajendra , K. Ravindranath K. Ravindranath , M.L.S. Devakumar M.L.S. Devakumar 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
The choice of best machining parameters is an extremely basic factor in handling of any machined parts. The purpose of this paper is to exhibit a multi-objective optimization technique; in view of weighted aggregate sum product assessment (WASPAS) technique toward upgrade the machining parameters in modified air abrasive jet machining (MAAJM) process: injecting pressure, stand-off distance (SOD), and abrasive mesh size measure with 100 rpm rotatable worktable on Nickel 233 alloy material. Three conflicting destinations, material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness (SR) and taper angles (Ta), respectively, are considered at the same time. The proposed procedure uses WASPAS, which is the examination of parametric optimization of the abrasive jet machining (AJM) process. The results was used any scopes of reactions in MAAJM process is the ideal setting of parameters are resolved through investigations represented. There is wide utilization of Nickel 233 in aviation enterprises; machining information on producing a hole utilizing MAAJM for the first time is given in this work, which will be helpful different industries.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper exhibits a multi-objective optimization technique; in view of WASPAS technique toward upgrade the machining parameters in MAAJM process: injecting pressure, SOD, and abrasive mesh size measure with 100 rpm rotatable worktable on Nickel 233 alloy material.

Findings
As an outcome of using the tool in any ranges of responses in the AJM process, the optimal setting of parameters is determined through experiments illustrated. The machining data of generating a hole using AJM are studied for the first time in this work, which will be useful for aerospace industries, where Nickel 233 is used broadly.

Originality/value
A new material in unconventional machining process and also a multi-objective optimization technique are adopted.
PBA-loaded albite-base ceramic foam in application to adsorb harmful ions of Cd, Cs and As(V) in water
Authors: Chen J.H. , Liu P.S. , Cheng W. 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide an investigation on a new kind of adsorbent materials, namely, the Prussian blue analog (PBA)-loaded albite-base porous ceramic foam, which can effectively adsorb the heavy metal ion in the wastewater.

Design/methodology/approach
The natural zeolite powder has been used as the primary raw material to make a sort of porous ceramic foam by impregnating polymer foam in slurry and then sintering. Adjusting the technological parameters could control the bulk density of the ceramic product, which could float on water with the bulk density less than 1 g/cm3 and also sink in water with the bulk density higher than 1 g/cm3. After desilicating the porous ceramic foam, an Al-Fe type PBA with a strong function of ion exchange was loaded on the ceramic surface by directly yielding.

Findings
The adsorption performance for harmful metal ions was greatly improved by combining together the high adsorption capability of the PB analog and the efficient high specific surface area of the porous ceramic foam.

Originality/value
This work presents a PBA-loaded albite-base porous ceramic foam that can effectively adsorb the harmful substance in water, and the adsorption efficiency for some typical harmful ions, i.e., Cd2+, Cs+ and As(V), was examined under different conditions of the experimental period, the pH value and the ion concentration in the tested solution.
Care quality for rheumatoid arthritis patients in Quebec
Authors: Slim Zeinab , Moura Cristiano S. , Bernatsky Sasha , Rahme Elham 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimThe aims of this study were to: (a) measure the proportion of CARTaGENE rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients fulfilling pre‐specified quality indicators (ie disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug [DMARD] use, regular follow up, use of folate supplementation, use of vitamin D and calcium, exercise and smoking status); and (b) examine variation in DMARD use with respect to patient age, sex, education and income.MethodsA cohort of RA patients was constructed based on the CARTaGENE survey and health administrative database. CARTaGENE is a large, established, population‐based study which recruited 19 995 participants from four metropolitan regions in Quebec. Six quality indicators (QI) were assessed; four pertained to RA management and treatment received (use of DMARD therapy, annual medical visits, use of folate supplementation with methotrexate therapy, and use of calcium and vitamin D in steroid‐exposed patients) and two pertained to lifestyle factors (physical activity and smoking cessation). QI were reported in terms of proportion of patients fulfilling them. Bayesian logistic regression analyses were preformed to investigate potential variation with DMARD use.ResultsOur cohort included 142 RA patients. The QI that pertain to RA pharmacotherapy and medical management ranged 60‐80%. Regarding the QI focusing on lifestyle factors, 55% of patients reported performing moderate physical activity and only 16.6% reported current smoking. Results from the Bayesian logistic regression showed no definite associations between DMARD use and patient characteristics (age, education, income and sex).ConclusionOur findings suggest a seemingly modest performance of Quebec's health‐care system for RA patients, with respect to these QI.