bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Read, Understand, Learn, & Excel (RULE): Development and Feasibility of a Reading Comprehension Measure for Postsecondary Learners
Authors: Kucheria Priya , Sohlberg McKay Moore , Yoon HyeonJin , Fickas Stephen , Prideaux Jason 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
There is a lack of quick, reliable, and valid standardized reading comprehension assessments appropriate for postsecondary readers. We attempted to address this gap by designing Read, Understand, Learn, & Excel (RULE), a reading comprehension measure that employs sentence verification and recall tasks to assess reading comprehension. This article describes the exploratory study undertaken to construct RULE and then examines the preliminary concurrent validity and alternate form reliability of this measure.

Method
The RULE measure was first developed by designing reading stimuli, test items for the sentence verification task, and directions for the recall test for 2 forms based on previous work (Griffiths, Sohlberg, Kirk, Fickas, & Biancarosa, 2016). Thirty undergraduate students who identified themselves as typical readers were administered the RULE measure as well as the Nelson–Denny Reading Test (Brown, Fishco, & Hanna, 1993). Students also completed questionnaires and participated in informal interviews to provide information regarding study and learning habits and academic background.

Results

There was preliminary evidence of alternate form reliability between the sentence verification task sets of 2 chapters of RULE (
r
= .38,
p
< .05). Preliminary evidence for concurrent validity between RULE and the Nelson–Denny Reading Test was provided by correlation coefficients in the low to moderate range (.03–.38).

Conclusion
RULE design and preliminary findings of concurrent validity and alternate form reliability provide “proof of concept” for an ecologically valid testing format that assesses comprehension skills appropriate for the postsecondary level. Suggestions for strengthening validity and reliability of the tool are provided, and clinical contributions of RULE are discussed.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6987371
Information Content and Efficiency in the Spoken Discourse of Individuals With Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Roberts Angela , Post Danielle 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
This study compared the information content and information efficiency of spoken language in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) to a healthy comparator group.

Method
Nineteen participants with PD and 19 healthy older adults completed the prospective, cross-sectional study. In the primary analysis, 2 language samples elicited by standardized protocols were analyzed for group differences using standard discourse informativeness measures including main events (MEs; Wright, Capilouto, Wagovich, Cranfill, & Davis, 2005) analyzed as %MEs and correct information units (CIUs; Nicholas & Brookshire, 1993) analyzed as %CIUs and CIUs/min. In exploratory analyses, the following were examined: (a) associations among conceptual (%MEs) and lexical (%CIUs and CIUs/min) measures and (b) associations among informativeness measures and age, education, disease severity/duration, global cognition, speech intelligibility, and a verb confrontation naming measure.

Results
In the primary analysis, the PD group differed significantly from the control group on conceptual (%MEs) and lexical measures of content (%CIUs) and efficiency (CIUs/min). In exploratory analyses, for the control group %MEs were significantly correlated with CIUs/min. Significant associations among conceptual and lexical measures of informativeness were not found in the PD group. For controls, there were no significant correlations between informativeness measures and any of the demographic or speech/cognitive/language variables. In the PD group, there was a significant and positive association between CIUs/min and Dementia Rating Scale–Second Edition scores (Mattis, 2001). A significant but negative correlation was found between CIUs/min and motor severity scores. However, %MEs and verb naming were significantly and positively correlated.

Conclusions
Individuals with PD without dementia demonstrated reduced discourse informativeness that reflects disruptions to both conceptual and lexical discourse processes. In exploratory analyses, reduced efficiency of information content was associated with global cognition and motor severity. Clinical and research implications are discussed within a Cognitivist framework of discourse production (Sheratt, 2007).
Enhancement of electrical characteristics of a‐ZTO TFTs based on channel layers produced with alternating precursor concentration
Authors: Uprety S. , Hanggi D. , Yapabandara K. , Mirkhani V. , Khanal M.P. , Schoenek B. , Dhar S. , Park M. , Hamilton M. , Wang S. , Hames W.E. , Sk M.H. 
Published: September 2018

The enhancement in electrical characteristics of the thin film transistors (TFTs) based on the mixed‐stacked amorphous zinc tin oxide (a‐ZTO) with an alternating precursor concentration is reported. The channel layers were deposited via sol–gel on oxidised p‐Si. The source/drain ohmic contacts were prepared on the ZTO layer, constructing the bottom‐gate TFTs. In this investigation, the TFTs with the following three channel layers were fabricated, and their characteristics were compared; (i) four layers produced from 0.05 M precursor solution, (ii) four layers produced from 0.2 M precursor solution, and (iii) four layers with alternating 0.05 and 0.2 M precursor solutions. It was found that the mobility (5.3 cm2/V s) of the TFT fabricated with the channel layers with alternating precursor concentration was higher than those with single concentration. Although the mechanism for this mobility enhancement is still being further analysed, it was conjectured that alternating precursor concentration might have reduced the trap density in the transistor channel and/or ZTO/SiO2 interfaces.
Controlled synthesis and characteristics of large‐area and high‐filling nickel nanowires arrays in AAO template
Authors: Lv Xiaoyi , Hou Junwei , Gao Zhixian , Chen An‐di , Ma Yue , Yuan Liang 
Published: September 2018

The regular and uniform size of nickel nanowires arrays has been successfully fabricated inside the nanochannels of anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) template by a simple paired cell method. The morphology, composition and structure of the nanowire arrays were characterised by field emission scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that Ni nanowires possess smooth surface and high aspect ratio up to 15 with a diameter of 70–80 nm. Nearly 100% of the pores were filled by Ni nanowires, which have face centre cubic structure and [111] preferential orientation. Magnetisation measurement revealed that the nickel nanowires arrays have a unique soft magnetic property with small coercivity (Hc) of 11.38 Oe. A 3D self‐seed nucleation coalescent process was proposed for the formation of nickel nanowires structures. The simple synthetic route is expected to be applied to the synthesis of other highly ordered metal nanowires arrays.
The global sphere reconstruction (GSR)
Authors: Vecchiato A. , Bucciarelli B. , Lattanzi M. G. , Becciani U. , Bianchi L. , Abbas U. , Sciacca E. , Messineo R. , De March R. 
Published: September 2018

Context.TheGaiaESA mission will estimate the astrometric and physical data of more than one billion objects, providing the largest and most precise catalog of absolute astrometry in the history of astronomy. The core of this process, the so-called global sphere reconstruction, is represented by the reduction of a subset of these objects which will be used to define the celestial reference frame. As the HIPPARCOSmission showed, and as is inherent to all kinds of absolute measurements, possible errors in the data reduction can hardly be identified from the catalog, thus potentially introducing systematic errors in all derived work.Aims.Following up on the lessons learned from HIPPARCOS, our aim is thus to develop an independent sphere reconstruction method that contributes to guarantee the quality of the astrometric results without fully reproducing the main processing chain.Methods.Indeed, given the unfeasibility of a complete replica of the data reduction pipeline, an astrometric verification unit (AVU) was instituted by theGaiaData Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC). One of its jobs is to implement and operate an independent global sphere reconstruction (GSR), parallel to the baseline one (AGIS, namely Astrometric Global Iterative Solution) but limited to the primary stars and for validation purposes, to compare the two results, and to report on any significant differences.Results.Tests performed on simulated data show that GSR is able to reproduce at the sub-μas level the results of the AGIS demonstration run.Conclusions.Further development is ongoing to improve on the treatment of real data and on the software modules that compare the AGIS and GSR solutions to identify possible discrepancies above the tolerance level set by the accuracy of theGaiacatalog.
Surface waves in protoplanetary disks induced by outbursts: Concentric rings in scattered light
Authors: Schneider A. D. , Dullemond C. P. , Bitsch B. 
Published: September 2018

Context. Vertically hydrostatic protoplanetary disk models are based on the assumption that the main heating source, stellar irradiation, does not vary much with time. However, it is known that accreting young stars are variable sources of radiation. This is particularly evident for outbursting sources such as EX Lupi and FU Orionis stars.
Aims. We investigate how such outbursts affect the vertical structure of the outer regions of the protoplanetary disk, in particular their appearance in scattered light at optical and near-infrared wavelengths.
Methods. We employ the 3D FARGOCA radiation-hydrodynamics code, in polar coordinates, to compute the time-dependent behavior of the axisymmetric disk structure. The temperature is computed self-consistently and time-dependently from the irradiation flux using a two-stage radiative transfer method: first the direct illumination is computed; then the diffuse radiation is treated with the flux-limited diffusion method. The outbursting inner disk region is not included explicitly. Instead, its luminosity is added to the stellar luminosity and is thus included in the irradiation of the outer disk regions. For time snapshots of interest we insert the density structure into the RADMC-3D radiative transfer code and compute the appearance of the disk at optical/near-infrared wavelengths, where we observe stellar light that is scattered off the surface of the disk.
Results. We find that, depending on the amplitude of the outbursts, the vertical structure of the disk can become highly dynamic, featuring circular surface waves of considerable amplitude. These “hills” and “valleys” on the disk’s surface show up in the scattered light images as bright and dark concentric rings. Initially these rings are small and act as standing waves, but they subsequently lead to outward propagating waves, like the waves produced by a stone thrown into a pond. These waves continue long after the actual outburst has died out.
Conclusions. Single, periodic, or quasiperiodic outbursts of the innermost regions of protoplanetary disks will necessarily lead to wavy structures on the surface of these disks at all radii. We propose that some of the multi-ringed structures seen in optical/infrared images of several protoplanetary disks may have their origin in outbursts that occurred decades or centuries ago. However, the multiple rings seen at (sub-)millimeter wavelengths in HL Tau and several other disks are not expected to be related to such waves.
Video Tutorials Increase Precision in Minimally Invasive Surgery Training – a Prospective Randomised Trial and Follow-up Study
Authors: Thomaschewski Michael , Esnaashari Hamed , Höfer Anna , Renner Lotta , Benecke Claudia , Zimmermann Markus , Keck Tobias , Laubert Tilman 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Background Simulation-based practice has become increasingly important in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) training. Nevertheless, personnel resources for demonstration and mentoring simulation-based practice are limited. Video tutorials could be a useful tool to overcome this dilemma. However, the effect of video tutorials on MIS training and improvement of MIS skills is unclear.
Methods A prospective randomised trial (n = 24 MIS novices) was conducted. A video-trainer with three different tasks (#1 – 3) was used for standardised goal-directed MIS training. The subjects were randomised to two groups with standard instructional videos (group A, n = 12) versus comprehensive video tutorials for each training task watched at specific times of repetition (group B, n = 12). Performance was analysed using the MISTELS score. At the beginning and following the curriculum, an MIS cholecystectomy (CHE) was performed on a porcine organ model and analysed using the GOALS score. After 18 weeks, participants performed 10 repetitions of tasks #1 – 3 for follow-up analysis.
Results More participants completed tasks #1 and #2 in group B (83.3 and 75%) than in group A (66.7 and 50%, ns). For task #2, there was a significant improvement in precision in group B (p < 0.001). For the entire cohort, the GOALS-Scores were 12.9 before and 18.9 after the curriculum (p < 0.001), with no significant difference between groups. Upon follow-up, 84.2% (task#1), 26.3% (task#2) and 100% (task#3) of MIS novices were able to reach the defined goals (A vs. B ns). There was a trend for a better MISTELS score in group B upon follow-up.
Conclusions Standardised comprehensive video tutorials watched frequently throughout practice can significantly improve precision in MIC training. This aspect should be incorporated in MIS training.
Modulation of Oxidative Stress and Hyperglycemia by Rheum spiciformis in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats and Characterization of Isolated Compound
Authors: Bhat Aashiq , Dar Khalid , Zargar Mohammad , Masood Akbar , Ganie Showkat 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis study evaluates the ameliorative potential of Rheum spiciformis methanolic (RS-MeOH) extract in reducing oxidative stress and hyperglycemia in albino rats along with characterization of possible therapeutic compound(s). Groups treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg bw plant extract (RS-MeOH ) decrease blood glucose levels from 359.9±8.2 to 209.5±8.5 mg/dl (50 mg/kg bw) and 354.7±13.3 to 162.5±7.4 mg/dl (100 mg/kg bw) on the 0th and 14th day (P<0.001) respectively. This reduction in blood glucose was significant as compared to glibenclamide (20 mg/dl) which reduced glucose levels from 297.7±11.39 to 132.9±8.74 mg/dl on 0th and 14th day respectively. Biochemical parameters triglycerdies, cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and creatinine were also reduced in a dose dependent manner. Liver marker enzymes were positively modulated by administration of RS-MeOH (P<0.001). Antioxidant enzyme profile showed an enhanced/better pattern after the administration of RS-MeOH extracts for reduced glutathione, reduced glutathione (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione–S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in both liver and pancreas. Moreover pancreatic histopathology reports revealed β-cell restorative effects with RS-MeOH, thereby potentiating its role in improving blood glucose levels. RS-MeOH purification and isolation studies involving GC-MS and NMR techniques revealed presence of emodin type compounds in RS-MeOH. Overall Rheum spiciformis showed ameliorative action on oxidative stress and hyperglycemia, however further studies to explore the mechanism of action of possible therapeutic compound in invivo clinical trials will prove beneficial for the advancement of new oral antidiabetic drug.
Therapeutic Alternatives in the Management of Late Complications of Surgery for Isolated Coarctation of the Aorta
Authors: Tabry Imad , Rush Michael 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDespite initial technical success in the treatment of coarctation of aorta, late recurrence and/or development of aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms frequently prompt reintervention. The authors hereby present such a patient whose management required more than a single intervention to treat his complex anatomy, and they discuss the therapeutic alternatives under similar circumstances.
The future role of psychiatrists in Europe in the light of the European Pact for Mental Health and Well-being
Authors: Caldas de Almeida J. M. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryThe European Pact for Mental Health and Well-being, launched in 2008, expresses a commitment of the EU and Member States to implement a mental health strategy in Europe. Recognizing that the level of mental health and well-being in the population is a key resource for the success of the EU as a knowledge-based society and economy, the Pact concludes that action for mental health and well-being at EU-level needs to be developed by involving policy makers and all relevant stakeholders. Given the specific content of their discipline and the prestige they have in our societies, psychiatrists will certainly have a key role in the development of the strategies proposed by the Pact. The purpose of this paper is to review the background, objectives and outcomes of the European Pact for Mental Health and Well-being, and reflect on the future role of psychiatrists in the light of its implementation.
Campaigns to reduce mental illness stigma in Europe: a scoping review
Authors: Borschmann R. , Greenberg N. , Jones N. , Henderson R. C. 
Published: September 2018

Summary
Background: Evidence has emerged in recent decades about effective and ineffective methods to reduce mental illness related stigma and discrimination. As more European countries start national anti-stigma campaigns, there is potentially more to learn from their experiences, but also a risk that, with such rapid developments, lessons may be missed.
Aim: This scoping review aims to identify and discuss European stigma reduction campaigns conducted to date.
Methods: We searched electronic databases, hand-searched reference lists of identified articles and contacted stigma experts to enquire about ongoing initiatives.
Results: We identified anti-stigma campaigns in 21 European countries and regions. We found considerable variation in their content, delivery formats, duration and target groups.
Conclusions: Although anti-stigma campaigns have been implemented in many European countries, the level of attention paid to sharing lessons learned is variable. It is vital that campaigns are evaluated, to maximise their potential impact both on the target population, and that the findings are disseminated widely to allow international learning.
Psychiatry in Russia
Authors: Krasnov V. N. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryRussian psychiatry has dramatic history, and till now is at a transitional stage of development. It is facing the problems not only common in world psychiatry, but also specific for the Eastern Europe, in particular for Russia. Starting from the beginning of 1990s considerable changes have occurred in psychiatry, especially after 1992 when “The law on psychiatric care and guarantees of citizens rights in its provision was adopted”. It became the ideological and legislative basis for reforms. However there are the definite obstacles for structural reforms in psychiatry. They are as follows: unfavourable technical conditions in many psychiatric clinics, hypercentralization of psychiatric services, shortage of clinical psychologists and social workers in psychiatry, some difficulties in cooperation between psychiatric and general medical institutions. Economic difficulties of the transition period of Russia’s social development prevent overcoming these problem. They are being actively discussed and part of them is being gradually solved, e.g. organization of team work in mental health services, increasing number of specialists on social work, involvement of NGO’s in psychosocial rehabilitation.
Psychotherapie der Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung
Authors: Stiglmayr C. 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungBei der Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung handelt es sich um eine schwere psychische Erkrankung, gekennzeichnet durch Störungen der Affektregulation, der Identität sowie der sozialen Interaktion. Die durch die BPS entstehenden Krankheitskosten sind mit 27 000 € pro Patient/Jahr als sehr hoch einzuschätzen. Aktuell gibt es vier therapeutische Verfahren zur Behandlung der BPS, die im Rahmen von kontrolliert-randomisierten Studien (RCT) untersucht worden sind. Von diesen Verfahren wird in diesem Beitrag die Dialektisch-Behaviorale-Therapie (DBT) näher dargestellt. Primäres Ziel der DBT-Behandlung ist eine emotionale Stabilisierung und damit die Reduktion schwerer Probleme auf der Verhaltensebene, wie z. B. suizidales oder schweres selbstschädigendes Verhalten. Die Wirksamkeit der DBT konnte in zahlreichen Studien belegt werden.
Chronische Depression und Persönlichkeitsstörung – zwei Seiten derselben Medaille?
Authors: Klein J. P. , Fassbinder E. , Schweiger U. 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungHäufig wird angenommen, bei einer chronischen Depression (CD) müsse auch immer eine Persönlichkeitsstörung (PS) vorliegen. Beides seien nur unterschiedliche Begriffe für dasselbe Phänomen. In diesem Beitrag beschreiben wir, dass vor allem Patienten, deren CD vor dem 21. Lebensjahr begann, häufiger an einer PS leiden. Dieser Komorbidität könnten gemeinsame Faktoren zugrunde liegen, welche die Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung der Störungen erklären. Dazu zählen eine frühe Traumatisierung und das Bestehen von selbst herbeigeführten interpersonellen Problemen. Am Beispiel des für die CD entwickelten Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy beschreiben wir, wie diese zugrundeliegenden Probleme psychotherapeutisch bearbeitet werden können.
Die Behandlung von ADHS im Erwachsenenalter mit retardiertem Methylphenidat
Authors: Ahlers E. , Neuhaus A. 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) im Erwachsenenalter ist mit verhaltensbezogenen und psychopharmakologischen Maßnahmen symptomatisch behandelbar. Die Ätiologie der Störung ist noch nicht zur Gänze geklärt, wobei genetische Faktoren einen großen Stellenwert einnehmen. Neurobiologisch wird ein Defizit dopaminerger und noradrenerger Funktionen modellhaft angenommen. Zur pharmakologischen Behand-lung stehen mehrere Substanzen zur Verfügung. Zugelassen sind aktuell in Deutschland zur Neueinstellung im Erwachsenenalter Medikinet® adult (Methylphenidat retard) und Strattera® (Atomoxetin). Eine Behandlung mit Methylphenidat gilt als erste Wahl. Methylphenidat wird dabei die Wirkung im Sinne eines starken Dopamin- und Noradrenalin-Wiederaufnahmehemmers als ursächlich für den therapeutischen Effekt zugeschrieben. Unerwünschte Wirkungen in der Behandlung mit Methylphenidat ergeben sich vordringlich aus den sympathomimetischen peripheren Effekten. An ein Missbrauchspotenzial und mögliche depressiogene Effekte sollte gedacht werden. Erste Daten aus Langzeitstudien lassen bei guter Verträglichkeit auf eine zuverlässige positive Wirkung auf die Kernsymptomatik, den Komorbiditätsstatus sowie auf assoziierte Probleme bei ADHS schließen. Es besteht weiterhin großer Forschungsbedarf was die Ursachen der Störung sowie die genaue Wirkungsweise der Substanzen angeht.