bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethnic differences in barriers to symptomatic presentation in primary care: A survey of women in England
Authors: Williams Emily D. , Whitaker Katriina L. , Piano Marianne , Marlow Laura A.V. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe majority of cancers are diagnosed following a decision to access medical help for symptoms. People from ethnic minority backgrounds have longer patient intervals following identification of cancer symptoms. This study quantified ethnic differences in barriers to symptomatic presentation including culturally specific barriers. Correlates of barriers (eg, migration status, health literacy, and fatalism) were also explored.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey of 720 White British, Caribbean, African, Indian, Pakistani, and Bangladeshi women aged 30 to 60 (n = 120/group) was carried out in England. Barrier items were taken from the widely used cancer awareness measure; additional culturally specific barriers to symptomatic presentation were included following qualitative work (11 barriers in total). Migration status, health literacy, and fatalism were included as correlates to help‐seeking barriers.ResultsEthnic minority women reported a higher number of barriers (P < .001, 2.6‐3.8 more than White British women). Emotional barriers were particularly prominent. Women from ethnic minority groups were more likely to report “praying about a symptom” (P < .001, except Bangladeshi women) and “using traditional remedies” (P < .001, except Caribbean women). Among ethnic minority women, adult migration to the United Kingdom, low health literacy, and high fatalistic beliefs increased likelihood of reporting barriers to symptomatic presentation. For example, women who migrated as adults were more likely to be embarrassed (OR = 1.83; CI, 1.06‐3.15), worry what the GP might find (OR = 1.91; CI, 1.12‐3.26), and be low on body vigilance (OR = 4.44; CI, 2.72‐7.23).ConclusionsCampaigns addressing barriers to symptomatic presentation among ethnic minority women should be designed to reach low health literacy populations and include messages challenging fatalistic views. These would be valuable for reducing ethnic inequalities in cancer outcomes.
Consequence modeling of major accidents of a real butane storage tank
Authors: Nabhani Nader , Mahmoodi Hossein , Akbarifar Ahmadreza 
Published: September 2019

AbstractChemical accidents are going more frequent with increasing industrialization and increased measured handling of large quantities of chemicals. They can cause major life and property losses and environmental impact if proper safety considerations are neglected. This emphasizes the importance of the consequence analysis of the risks involved with the chemical plants. The purpose of this study is to analyze the consequence of major accidents of a case study in a spherical butane tank in the port of Bandar Imam (Iran). In this work, three possible failure scenarios were studied including (a) leakage from the loading line, (b) leakage from the tank manhole (outlet line), (c) rupture in the spherical butane tank in order to model the incidents. The detailed analysis of the results provided essential and important recommendations that should be taken into account including minimum safe distance from the rupture center for different types of fire. The established recommendations of this work can be used for an effective preparedness of people for relevant risks and could be employed to increase the awareness of possible risks and major accidents.
A two‐stage phase II clinical trial design with nested criteria for early stopping and efficacy
Authors: DeVeaux Michelle , Kane Michael , Wei Wei , Zelterman Daniel 
Published: September 2019

We propose a two‐stage design for a single arm clinical trial with an early stopping rule for futility. This design employs different endpoints to assess early stopping and efficacy. The early stopping rule is based on a criteria determined more quickly than that for efficacy. These separate criteria are also nested in the sense that efficacy is a special case of, but usually not identical to, the early stopping endpoint. The design readily allows for planning in terms of statistical significance, power, expected sample size, and expected duration. This method is illustrated with a phase II design comparing rates of disease progression in elderly patients treated for lung cancer to rates found using a historical control. In this example, the early stopping rule is based on the number of patients who exhibit progression‐free survival (PFS) at 2 months post treatment follow‐up. Efficacy is judged by the number of patients who have PFS at 6 months. We demonstrate our design has expected sample size and power comparable with the Simon two‐stage design but exhibits shorter expected duration under a range of useful parameter values.
Research on meta‐action decomposition and meta‐action unit modeling technology for electromechanical product
Authors: Li Yulong , Zhang Xiaogang , Ran Yan , Zhang Genbao , Wang Yongqin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe current decomposition methods are not suitable for electromechanical product; the smallest decomposition units obtained by these methods are static parts or components, which cannot reflect the characteristics of electromechanical product that ‘action determines motion, and motion determines function'. Meta‐action is the smallest action to realize the function of electromechanical product, and it is reasonable to regard meta‐action as the smallest decomposition unit of electromechanical product. Meta‐action unit is the smallest structural unit to ensure the normal operation of meta‐action, and it is also the smallest carrier of electromechanical product quality characteristics. Meta‐action unit modeling technology is the basis of other subsequent research, so it is necessary to study it. In this paper, detailed criteria for meta‐action decomposition and meta‐action unit separation are formulated, and the standardized structural model, symbolized conceptual model, and assembly model of meta‐action unit are also studied, which provide a basis for mechanical, kinematic, and failure mechanism research of electromechanical product. A CNC (computer numerical control) machine tool made in China is taken as an example for meta‐motion decomposition and meta‐action unit modeling, and the results verify the applicability and correctness of the method proposed in this paper. The proposed method is also applicable to other types of electromechanical product.
Dams, neoliberalism, and rights: Mainstreaming environmental justice claims
Authors: Kaneti Marina 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDams have a contentious reputation. Symbols of independence, progress, and prosperity to some, they are a lived reality of displacement, obliteration of sacred sites, and environmental degradation to others. Given the massive expansion of dam construction in recent years, this article engages in a critical assessment of the institutional limitations to dam opposition and explores alternative venues for anti‐dam mobilization and the voicing of claims to environmental justice. The article argues that a potentially effective means of dam opposition requires the alignment of both environmental justice and rights claims with mainstream societal conversations and government priorities. In order to resonate with a broader community vision of national interests and priorities, anti‐dam opposition also needs to integrate a message of collective duties and responsibilities.
A Phenazine Hydrochloride for the Selective Detection and Removal of Mercury(ІІ) Ions in Water
Authors: Yong Bi‐Rong , Qu Wen‐Juan , Dang Li‐Rong , Lin Qi , Yao Hong , Zhang You‐Ming , Wei Tai‐Bao 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA material that can simultaneously detect and remove toxic heavy metal Hg2+ ions are still needed in urgent. Herein, we report that an efficient, simple and water‐soluble phenazine hydrochloride (DAPH) chemosensor for colorimetric and fluorogenic detection of Hg2+ in pure water. The fluorescent and UV‐vis detection limits for Hg2+ are low. Meanwhile, the chemosensor is able to effectively remove Hg2+ in pure water through inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis. A series of experimental results showed that the chemosensor successfully used to real‐time detect and remove toxic heavy metal Hg2+ ions from water via a simple deprotonation and destroyed phenazine‐based hydrochloride π−π stacking interactions. In addition, the fabricated silica gel plates are also demonstrated excellent selectivity towards Hg2+ ion without interfering.
The impact of hiring directors' choice‐supportive bias and escalation of commitment on CEO compensation and dismissal following poor performance: A multimethod study
Authors: Zorn Michelle L. , DeGhetto Kaitlyn , Ketchen David J. , Combs James G. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractResearch SummaryBoards of directors make high‐stake decisions that involve hiring, compensating, and dismissing CEOs. Building on theory about choice‐supportive bias and escalation of commitment, we theorize that “hiring directors” (directors who were present during a CEO's hiring) will display choice‐supportive bias and escalate commitment to poorly performing CEOs. Primary data from 73 directors indicate that directors are indeed biased toward CEOs they help hire. Archival data from S&P 1500 firms reveal that, following poor performance, the number of hiring directors is positively related to the increase in CEO pay and lower likelihood of CEO dismissal. Building on theory about board experience, we also predict and find that more experienced boards reduce the tendency to escalate. Thus, bias among hiring directors can be mitigated via experience.Managerial SummaryMaking a choice such as casting a vote or selecting a restaurant leads people to view their selection favorably even if evidence emerges suggesting it was a bad choice. We examine whether corporate directors fall prey to this choice‐supportive bias when involved in CEO hiring. We found that directors who are part of the hiring process tend to have an overly rosy view of the person selected. Moreover, if the firm is performing poorly, a board with more directors who helped hire the current CEO will tend to increase the CEO's pay more and are less likely to fire the CEO than a board with fewer such directors. This problem is reduced if the board has highly experienced directors among its ranks.
Vertically Aligned Graphene–Carbon Fiber Hybrid Electrodes with Superlong Cycling Stability for Flexible Supercapacitors
Authors: Cherusseri Jayesh , Sambath Kumar Kowsik , Pandey Deepak , Barrios Elizabeth , Thomas Jayan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGraphene electrode–based supercapacitors are in high demand due to their superior electrochemical characteristics. A major bottleneck of using the supercapacitors for commercial applications lies in their inferior electrode cycle life. Herein, a simple and facile method to fabricate highly efficient supercapacitor electrodes using pristine graphene sheets vertically stacked and electrically connected to the carbon fibers which can result in vertically aligned graphene–carbon fiber nanostructure is developed. The vertically aligned graphene–carbon fiber electrode prepared by electrophoretic deposition possesses a mesoporous 3D architecture which enabled faster and efficient electrolyte‐ion diffusion with a gravimetric capacitance of 333.3 F g−1 and an areal capacitance of 166 mF cm−2. The electrodes displayed superlong electrochemical cycling stability of more than 100 000 cycles with 100% capacitance retention hence promising for long‐lasting supercapacitors. Apart from the electrochemical double layer charge storage, the oxygen‐containing surface moieties and α‐Ni(OH)2 present on the graphene sheets enhance the charge storage by faradaic reactions. This enables the assembled device to provide an excellent gravimetric energy density of 76 W h kg−1 with a 100% capacitance retention even after 1000 bending cycles. This study opens the door for developing high‐performing flexible graphene electrodes for wearable energy storage applications.
Materials Strategies and Device Architectures of Emerging Power Supply Devices for Implantable Bioelectronics
Authors: Huang Xueying , Wang Liu , Wang Huachun , Zhang Bozhen , Wang Xibo , Stening Rowena Y. Z. , Sheng Xing , Yin Lan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractImplantable bioelectronics represent an emerging technology that can be integrated into the human body for diagnostic and therapeutic functions. Power supply devices are an essential component of bioelectronics to ensure their robust performance. However, conventional power sources are usually bulky, rigid, and potentially contain hazardous constituent materials. The fact that biological organisms are soft, curvilinear, and have limited accommodation space poses new challenges for power supply systems to minimize the interface mismatch and still offer sufficient power to meet clinical‐grade applications. Here, recent advances in state‐of‐the‐art nonconventional power options for implantable electronics, specifically, miniaturized, flexible, or biodegradable power systems are reviewed. Material strategies and architectural design of a broad array of power devices are discussed, including energy storage systems (batteries and supercapacitors), power devices which harvest sources from the human body (biofuel cells, devices utilizing biopotentials, piezoelectric harvesters, triboelectric devices, and thermoelectric devices), and energy transfer devices which utilize sources in the surrounding environment (ultrasonic energy harvesters, inductive coupling/radiofrequency energy harvesters, and photovoltaic devices). Finally, future challenges and perspectives are given.
DCAV: A software system to evaluate next‐generation cloud data center availability through a friendly graphical interface
Authors: Moreira Andre , Rosendo Daniel , Gomes Demis , Leoni Santos Guto , Silva Leylane , Cani Carolina , Kelner Judith , Sadok Djamel , Gonçalves Glauco , Mehta Amardeep , Wildeman Mattias , Takako Endo Patricia 
Published: September 2019

SummaryTo assess the availability of different data center configurations, understand the main root causes of data center failures and represent its low‐level details, such as subsystem's behavior and their interconnections, we have proposed, in previous works, a set of stochastic models to represent different data center architectures (considering three subsystems: power, cooling, and IT) based on the TIA‐942 standard. In this paper, we propose the Data Center Availability (DCAV), a web‐based software system to allow data center operators to evaluate the availability of their data center infrastructure through a friendly interface, without need of understanding the technical details of the stochastic models. DCAV offers an easy step‐by‐step interface to create and configure a data center model. The main goal of the DCAV system is to abstract low‐level details and modeling complexities, becoming the data center availability analysis a simple and less time‐consuming task.
Service level agreement specification for end‐to‐end IoT application ecosystems
Authors: Alqahtani Awatif , Solaiman Ellis , Patel Pankesh , Dustdar Schahram , Ranjan Rajiv 
Published: September 2019

SummaryWith an ever‐increasing variety and complexity of Internet of Things (IoT) applications delivered by increasing numbers of service providers, there is a growing demand for an automated mechanism that can monitor and regulate the interaction between the parties involved in IoT service provision and delivery. This mechanism needs to take the form of a contract, which, in this context, is referred to as a service level agreement (SLA). As a first step toward SLA monitoring and management, an SLA specification is essential. We believe that current SLA specification formats are unable to accommodate the unique characteristics of the IoT domain, such as its multilayered nature. Therefore, we propose a grammar for a syntactical structure of an SLA specification for IoT. The grammar is built based on a proposed conceptual model that considers the main concepts that can be used to express the requirements for hardware and software components of an IoT application on an end‐to‐end basis. We followed the goal question metric approach to evaluate the generality and expressiveness of the proposed grammar by reviewing its concepts and their predefined lists of vocabularies against two use cases with a considerable number of participants whose research interests are mainly related to IoT. The results of the analysis show that the proposed grammar achieved 91.70% of its generality goal and 93.43% of its expressiveness goal.
Single‐reference coupled cluster methods for computing excitation energies in large molecules: The efficiency and accuracy of approximations
Authors: Izsák Róbert 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWhile methodological developments in the last decade made it possible to compute coupled cluster (CC) energies including excitations up to a perturbative triples correction for molecules containing several hundred atoms, a similar breakthrough has not yet been reported for excited state computations. Accurate CC methods for excited states are still expensive, although some promising candidates for an efficient and accurate excited state CC method have emerged recently. This review examines the various approximation schemes with particular emphasis on their performance for excitation energies and summarizes the best state‐of‐the‐art results which may pave the way for a robust excited state method applicable to molecules of hundreds of atoms. Among these, special attention will be given to exploiting the techniques of similarity transformation, perturbative approximations as well as integral decomposition, local and embedding techniques within the equation of motion CC framework.This article is categorized under:
Electronic Structure Theory > Ab Initio Electronic Structure Methods
Structure and Mechanism > Molecular Structures
Monitoring, sampling, and automated analysis
Authors: Aryal Niroj , Deng Dongyang , Jha Manoj K. , Ofori‐Boadu Andrea 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA review of the literature published in 2018 on topics related to monitoring, sampling, and automated analysis is presented. The review includes current developments in monitoring, sampling, and analysis of water, wastewater, and groundwater. This review includes the following sections: brief introduction; sample preparation and extraction techniques; real‐time, high‐frequency, and/or in situ monitoring (microbiological, inorganic, organic, metals, and others); passive monitoring; and the biosensors. In the end, the authors have discussed future of the topic.Practitioner points

Advances in monitoring, sampling and automated analysis of water and wastewater are summarized.

Real‐time, high‐frequency, and in‐situ monitoring and analysis of pollutants are summarized.

Topics include sample preparation and extraction and passive monitoring, and biosensors for pollutants.
The optimal regularity criterion for the Navier‐Stokes equations in terms of one directional derivative of the velocity
Authors: Namlyeyeva Yuliya , Skalak Zdenek 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe study the regularity criterion for the Navier‐Stokes equations in terms of one directional derivative of the velocity field. Using a suitable multiplicative Sobolev inequality we extend the results by Kukavica & Ziane, Cao and Zhang.
Scattering of spinning black holes from exponentiated soft factors
Authors: Guevara Alfredo , Ochirov Alexander , Vines Justin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe provide evidence that the classical scattering of two spinning black holes is controlled by the soft expansion of exchanged gravitons. We show how an exponentiation of Cachazo-Strominger soft factors, acting on massive higher-spin amplitudes, can be used to find spin contributions to the aligned-spin scattering angle, conjecturally extending previously known results to higher orders in spin at one-loop order. The extraction of the classical limit is accomplished via the on-shell leading-singularity method and using massive spinor-helicity variables. The three-point amplitude for arbitrary-spin massive particles minimally coupled to gravity is expressed in an exponential form, and in the infinite-spin limit it matches the effective stress-energy tensor of the linearized Kerr solution. A four-point gravitational Compton amplitude is obtained from an extrapolated soft theorem, equivalent to gluing two exponential three-point amplitudes, and becomes itself an exponential operator. The construction uses these amplitudes to: 1) recover the known tree-level scattering angle at all orders in spin, 2) recover the known one-loop linear-in-spin interaction, 3) match a previous conjectural expression for the one-loop scattering angle at quadratic order in spin, 4) propose new one-loop results through quartic order in spin. These connections link the computation of higher-multipole interactions to the study of deeper orders in the soft expansion.
Sequence Characterization of 3-Dimensional Riordan Arrays and Some Application
Authors: Słowik Roksana 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We propose the characterization of 3-dimensional Riordan arrays with use of three sequences that is analogous to the representation of 2-dimensional Riordan arrays with use of A and Z-sequence. We also suggest an application of this representation for finding totally positive matrices.
Use of Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy for Intraoperative Tissue Differentiation During Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery
Authors: Hillary Sarah L. , Brown Brian H. , Brown Nicola J. , Balasubramanian Saba P. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundElectrical impedance (EI) measures tissue resistance to alternating current across several frequencies and may help identify tissue type. A recent rabbit model demonstrated that electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) may facilitate identification of parathyroid glands and potentially improve outcomes following surgery. This study looks at the EI patterns of soft tissues in the human neck to determine whether parathyroid tissue can be accurately identified.MethodsThis was a phase 1, single‐arm interventional study involving 56 patients undergoing thyroid and/or parathyroid surgery. Up to 12 EI readings were taken from in vivo and ex vivo thyroid and parathyroid glands, adipose tissue and muscle of each patient. Each reading consists of a series of measurements over 14 frequencies from each tissue. EI patterns were analysed. Two patients were excluded due to data loss due to device malfunction.ResultsThe median age of participants was 53.5 (range 20–85) years. Thirty‐five participants had surgery for thyroid pathology, 17 for parathyroid pathology and four for both. Six hundred and six EIS spectra were reviewed for suitability. One hundred and eighty‐four spectra were rejected leaving 422 spectra for analysis. The impedance patterns of the soft tissues differed by histological type. The EI ratio of low (152 Hz) to high (312 kHz) frequencies demonstrated a significant difference between the soft tissues (p = 0.006). Using appropriate thresholds, parathyroid tissue can be distinguished from thyroid tissue with a sensitivity of 76% and specificity of 60%.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the feasibility of using EIS to aid parathyroid identification and preservation. Further changes to the device and modelling of the EI patterns across the range of frequencies may improve accuracy and facilitate intraoperative use.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02901873).