bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in Choroidal Structures Between Idiopathic and Steroid-Induced Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
Authors: Izumi Takahiko , Koizumi Hideki , Takahashi Yohei , Maruko Ichiro , Sonoda Shozo , Sakamoto Taiji , Iida Tomohiro 
Published: December 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to investigate the differences in intrachoroidal structures between eyes with idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) and those with steroid-induced CSC. Methods: Thirty eyes of 30 patients with idiopathic CSC and 17 eyes of 15 patients with steroid-induced CSC were studied. Cross-sectional swept-source optical coherence tomography images of eyes with idiopathic and steroid-induced CSC were retrospectively analyzed by the manual layer delineation technique and by the binarization technique. Results: The mean subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT) was not significantly different between the eyes with idiopathic CSC (408.0 ± 106.6 µm) and those with steroid-induced (389.9 ± 105.4 µm; P = .67) CSC. Manual layer delineation showed that the mean ratio of the large choroidal vessel layer thickness to the SCT was significantly higher in eyes with idiopathic CSC (0.874 ± 0.070) than in eyes with steroid-induced CSC (0.828 ± 0.083; P = .02). The binarization method showed that the mean ratio of the luminal areas to the choroidal areas centered at the fovea was significantly higher in eyes with idiopathic CSC (0.747 ± 0.064) than in eyes with steroid-induced CSC (0.701 ± 0.046; P = .01). Conclusion: The intrachoroidal structures in steroid-induced CSC were different from those in idiopathic CSC. These findings suggest different pathophysiologic mechanisms may be involved in the pathogenesis of these 2 entities.
Pharmacological management of progressive-fibrosing interstitial lung diseases: a review of the current evidence
Authors: Richeldi Luca , Varone Francesco , Bergna Miguel , de Andrade Joao , Falk Jeremy , Hallowell Robert , Jouneau Stéphane , Kondoh Yasuhiro , Morrow Lee , Randerath Winfried , Strek Mary , Tabaj Gabriela 
Published: December 2018

A proportion of patients with interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are at risk of developing a progressive-fibrosing phenotype, which is associated with a deterioration in lung function and early mortality. In addition to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), fibrosing ILDs that may present a progressive phenotype include idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, connective tissue disease-associated ILDs, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, unclassifiable idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, ILDs related to other occupational exposures and sarcoidosis. Corticosteroids and/or immunosuppressive therapies are sometimes prescribed to patients with these diseases. However, this treatment regimen may not be effective, adequate on its own or well tolerated, suggesting that there is a pressing need for efficacious and better tolerated therapies. Currently, the only approved treatments to slow disease progression in patients with IPF are nintedanib and pirfenidone. Similarities in pathobiological mechanisms leading to fibrosis between IPF and other ILDs that may present a progressive-fibrosing phenotype provide a rationale to suggest that nintedanib and pirfenidone may be therapeutic options for patients with the latter diseases.This review provides an overview of the therapeutic options currently available for patients with fibrosing ILDs, including fibrosing ILDs that may present a progressive phenotype, and explores the status of the randomised controlled trials that are underway to determine the efficacy and safety of nintedanib and pirfenidone.
Rezension:Demetrios K. AGORITSAS, Κωνσταντινούπολη. Η πόλη και η κοινωνία της στα χρόνια των πρώτων Παλαιολόγων (1261-1328) (Βυζαντινά Κείμενα και Μελέται 62). Κέντρον Βυζαντινών Ερευνών, Thessalonike 2016
Authors: SCHREINER Peter 
Published: December 2018

Rezension:Demetrios K. AGORITSAS, Κωνσταντινούπολη. Η πόλη και η κοινωνία της στα χρόνια των πρώτων Παλαιολόγων (1261-1328) (Βυζαντινά Κείμενα και Μελέται 62). Κέντρον Βυζαντινών Ερευνών, Thessalonike 2016
The education effect on income across two generations in EU welfare states
Authors: Papanastasiou Stefanos 
Published: December 2018

By utilizing EU-SILC 2011 microdata and employing regression techniques in four EU welfare states (i.e., Greece, France, Ireland and Sweden), this paper demonstrates the diminishing education effect on income attainments between two generations. This finding puts into doubt the main argument of the mainstream academic and political discourse over the prominent role of education for income acquisition. Instead, this paper stresses the importance of other factors explainingincome attainments, such as social interconnectivity. The latter can produce or reproduce inequality as long as people gain accessto powerful positions through the usage of social connections. Thus, the upper social classes with extended social networking preserve their social privileges across generations despite the argument that the contemporary society boasts high social mobility attained through formal education.
The transformation of solidarity in times of austerity: The case of Greece
Authors: Feronas Andreas 
Published: December 2018

The severe economic crisis that has surfaced in Greece over the last eight years, not only has resulted to an unprecedented social crisisbut has also challenged long established domestic patterns of solidarity. By defining social solidarity very generally as “the willingnessto share social risks” this paper aims at highlighting two parallel processes of transformation of solidarity in Greece in the contextof the ongoing crisis. First, a process of retrenchment of an already problematic formal welfare state solidarity, largely imposedby the successive bail out agreements with the Troika. Secondly, the emergence of various forms of informal solidarity, aimed at supportingthe social groups most affected by the crisis. The paper concludes that although the latter has played an important role in offeringimmediate relief to those “in need”, is far from being considered, neither as a panacea for solving social problems nor as a substituteto welfare state solidarity, at a time when the demand for social protection has increased dramatically.
Armutsgefährdung regional: neue Perspektiven durch Preisbereinigung
Authors: Schröder Christoph 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Die Betroffenheit von relativer Einkommensarmut weist große regionale Unterschiede auf. In der herkömmlichen Betrachtung mit (nominal) bundeseinheitlichem Schwellenwert zeigt sich ein deutliches Ost-West-Gefälle (5 Prozentpunkte Differenz) und ein fast ebenso großer Stadt-Land-Unterschied. Ein nominal gleich hoher Einkommensschwellenwert hat in den verschiedenen Regionen Deutschlands jedoch eine unterschiedlich hohe Kaufkraft. Daher werden hier die Individualeinkommen um die regionalen Preisunterschiede bereinigt, und es wird analog zur Einkommensarmut die relative Kaufkraftarmut berechnet. Diese weist differenziertere regionale Muster mit einem stark ausgeprägten Stadt-Land-Gefälle aus: Die Unterschiede zwischen ostdeutschen und westdeutschen Bundesländern betragen bei der relativen Kaufkraftarmut 2 Prozentpunkte, die Differenz zwischen Stadt und Land dagegen fast 8 Prozentpunkte. Die hohe Betroffenheit der Städte ergibt sich zum einen aus dem dort hohen Preisniveau. Zum anderen ist der Bevölkerungsanteil von Gruppen mit deutschlandweit erhöhter Armutsgefährdung (beispielsweise Arbeitslose, Alleinerziehende, Personen mit Migrationshintergrund) in Städten überdurchschnittlich hoch. Zudem sind diese Gruppen in Großstädten besonders stark armutsgefährdet.
Die AfD-Wahl als Antwort auf Statusängste?
Authors: Sthamer Evelyn 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn der folgenden Studie wird der Erklärungsbeitrag von Ungerechtigkeitswahrnehmungen und negativen intra- und intergenerationalen Zukunftserwartungen für den Erfolg der AfD in Deutschland betrachtet. Dabei erweisen sich sogenannte „Abstiegsängste der Mitte“ sowie intergenerationale Verfestigungserwartungen im unteren Einkommensbereich als relevant. Das Ungerechtigkeitsempfinden wirkt sich indirekt über die Wahrnehmung, dass der Staat zu wenig Geld für die eigene Bevölkerung ausgibt, statt auf andere Gruppen zu achten, auf die AfD-Wahlabsicht aus. Die Ergebnisse verweisen darauf, dass ein stärkerer sozialpolitischer Fokus auf das Thema soziale Sicherheit fruchtbar sein könnte, um dem Rechtspopulismus zu begegnen.
Entre a História, a Literatura e a Bibliografia: a Interdisciplinaridade da História do Livro
Authors: Fontes Bruna Braga , Lima Verônica Calsoni 
Published: December 2018

Eminentemente interdisciplinar, a História do Livro se constituiu a partir de reflexões provenientes da História, da Bibliografia, da Literatura e de áreas afins. No presente artigo, visamos apresentar um breve panorama das perspectivas e métodos de trabalho com o livro enquanto objeto, focando-nos particularmente nas correntes Anglo-Saxãs e Francesas. Paralelamente, buscamos destacar algumas das diferentes abordagens operadas desde meados do século XX e as contribuições de outras disciplinas para a configuração desse campo de estudo.Palavras-chave: História do Livro, Historiografia, Metodologia, Interdisciplinaridade. AbstractEspecially interdisciplinary, Book History was conceived based on perspectives from History, Bibliography, Literature and areas akin. The present article aims to present a short panorama of which approaches and methods are used when working with books as objects, mainly focusing on Anglo-Saxon and French theories. Also, this article proposes to highlight some analysis made since mid-20th century and the contribution from other disciplines in the making of this research field.Keywords: Book History, Historiography, Methodology, Interdisciplinarity.
Genome-Wide Analysis of Mycoplasma dispar Provides Insights into Putative Virulence Factors and Phylogenetic Relationships
Authors: Chen Shengli , Hao Huafang , Yan Xinmin , Liu Yongsheng , Chu Yuefeng 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Mycoplasma dispar is an important pathogen involved in bovine respiratory disease, which causes huge economic losses worldwide. Our knowledge regarding the genomics, pathogenic mechanisms, and genetics of M. dispar is rather limited. In this study, the complete genome of M. dispar GS01 strain was sequenced using PacBio SMRT technology and first genome-wide analyzed. M. dispar GS01 has a single circular chromosome of 1,065,810 bp encoding 825 predicted proteins. Twenty-three potential virulence genes and two pathogenicity islands were identified in M. dispar. This pathogen was cytopathogenic, could form prolific biofilms, and could produce a large amount of H2O2. Methylation analysis revealed adenine and cytosine methylation across the genome and 13 distinct nucleotide motifs. Comparative analysis showed a high collinearity relationship between M. dispar GS01 and type strain ATCC 27140. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that M. dispar is genetically close to M. flocculare and M. hyopneumoniae. The data presented in this study will aid further study on the pathogenic mechanisms and evolution of M. dispar.
pSBVB: A Versatile Simulation Tool To Evaluate Genomic Selection in Polyploid Species
Authors: Zingaretti María L , Monfort Amparo , Pérez-Enciso Miguel 
Published: December 2018

AbstractGenomic Selection (GS) is the procedure whereby molecular information is used to predict complex phenotypes and it is standard in many animal and plant breeding schemes. However, only a small number of studies have been reported in horticultural crops, and in polyploid species in particular. In this paper, we have developed a versatile forward simulation tool, called polyploid Sequence Based Virtual Breeding (pSBVB), to evaluate GS strategies in polyploids; pSBVB is an efficient gene dropping software that can simulate any number of complex phenotypes, allowing a very flexible modeling of phenotypes suited to polyploids. As input, it takes genotype data from the founder population, which can vary from single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) chips up to sequence, a list of causal variants for every trait and their heritabilities, and the pedigree. Recombination rates between homeologous chromosomes can be specified, so that both allo- and autopolyploid species can be considered. The program outputs phenotype and genotype data for all individuals in the pedigree. Optionally, it can produce several genomic relationship matrices that consider exact or approximate genotype values. pSBVB can therefore be used to evaluate GS strategies in polyploid species (say varying SNP density, genetic architecture or population size, among other factors), or to optimize experimental designs for association studies. We illustrate pSBVB with SNP data from tetraploid potato and partial sequence data from octoploid strawberry, and we show that GS is a promising breeding strategy for polyploid species but that the actual advantage critically depends on the underlying genetic architecture. Source code, examples and a complete manual are freely available in GitHub https://github.com/lauzingaretti/pSBVB.
Adamantinoma de tibia en estadio temprano en adulto: reporte de caso
Authors: Padilla Flores Juan Roberto , Victorio Avila Cesar Antonio , Quispe Huachaca Jhonathan Percy , Latorre Zúñiga Alan Jesús 
Published: December 2018

El adamantinoma es un tumor maligno de bajo grado, bifásico, frecuentemente localizado en diáfisis tibial, y que comprende el 0,4% de todos los tumores óseos primarios. Debido a la rareza de esta entidad y a su similitud con lesiones benignas, su diagnóstico a veces se retrasa. Presentamos el caso de una paciente mujer de 38 años con tumoración dolorosa en pierna izquierda de 2 años de evolución, con estudios radiológicos e histopatológicos que confirmaron el diagnostico en estadio temprano.
Cincuenta años de formar profesionales en Bibliotecología en la Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR)
Authors: Sandí Sandi Magda Cecilia 
Published: December 2018

Describe los antecedentes históricos de la creación de la carrera de Bibliotecología en la Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR), universidad pionera en formar profesionales en esta disciplina. En la década de los años cincuenta, se intensificaron las actividades de capacitación para formar personal que organizara técnicamente las bibliotecas que se estaban consolidando en el país, tal es el caso de la Biblioteca Nacional, la Biblioteca de la Universidad de Costa Rica y las bibliotecas escolares. Para eso, el desarrollo de las actividades profesionales contó con el auspicio de organismos internacionales como la OEA, el IICA y la UNESCO.
HAK ANGKET DEWAN PERWAKILAN RAKYAT REPUBLIK INDONESIA (DPR RI) TERHADAP KOMISI PEMBERANTASAN KORUPSI (KPK)
Authors: Firdaus Dasep Muhammad 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIndonesia as a constitutional and democratic state has three governmental branches which are executive, legislative and judicial power; and executed on the check and balance principle. One of the check and balance principles implementation can be seen in the House of Representatives of Indonesia (DPR)’s Parliamentary Scrutiny function which is mandated by the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (UUD 1945), the right of inquiry to investigate all forms of implementation of laws and government policies that are allegedly contrary to the legislation. Recently the rights had been applied to evaluate KPK (corruption eradication commission) as an independent institution and free from any authority. Substantially the inquiry right was applied to evaluate KPK regarding the following aspects: institutional, authority, human resources, and expenditure budgets. Through legal tracing on related laws and regulations, that were descriptively analyzed regarding the DPR's inquiry right implementation towards KPK; it was found the DPR's inquiry rights to the KPK is constitutionally regulated in Article 20A of the UUD 1945, Law Number 17 of 2014 Article 79 paragraph (1), (2) and (3) and Constitutional Court Decision Case No. 36 and 37 / PUU-XV / 2017. Based on those regulations, DPR has rights to ask for KPK’s accountability upon their duties and authority and KPK is obliged to respect and implement DPR recommendations produced from the inquiry rights.Keywords:People’s Representative Council, Rights of Inquiry, Corruption Eradication Commission AbstrakIndonesia sebagai negara demokrasi kontitusional terdiri dari cabang kekuasaan eksekutif, legislatif, dan yudikatif berdasar prinsip check and balance. Wujud prinsip tersebut ada dalam ketatanegaraan Indonesia terlihat pada fungsi pengawasan DPR RI yang diamanatkan oleh UUD NRI Tahun 1945, antara lain melalui hak angket untuk menyelidiki segala bentuk pelaksanaan UU maupun kebijakan pemerintah yang diduga bertentangan dengan peraturan perundang-undangan. Salah satunya adalah hak angket yang ditujukan terhadap KPK sebagai lembaga bersifat independen dan bebas dari kekuasaan manapun. Secara subtantif pelaksanaan hak dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi KPK dari sisi kelembagan, kewenangan, sumber daya manusia hingga anggaran belanja. Melalui penelusuran peraturan perundang-undangan yang dianalisis secara deskriptif atas hak angket DPR terhadap KPK; ditemukan bahwa landasan hukum hak angket DPR terhadap KPK secara konstitusional diatur di dalam Pasal 20A UUD NKRI Tahun 1945, Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2014 Pasal 79 ayat (1), (2) dan (3) dan Putusan MK No. Perkara 36 dan 37/PUU-XV/2017 . Atas dasar ketentuan tersebut, DPR berhak meminta pertanggungjawaban pelaksanaan tugas dan kewenangan KPK dan KPK sebagai lembaga penegak hukum harus menghormati dan melaksanakan rekomendasi yang telah dihasilkan pansus angket dan.Kata Kunci:DPR, Hak Angket, KPK
Hughes, Aaron W. (ed.). 2017. 'Theory in a Time of Excess: Beyond Reflection and Explanation in Religious Studies Scholarship'
Authors: Lataster Raphael 
Published: December 2018

Hughes, Aaron W. (ed.). 2017. Theory in a Time of Excess: Beyond Reflection and Explanation in Religious Studies Scholarship. Sheffield: Equinox. vi + 205pp. ISBN: 978-1-7817-9423-4 £60.00 (hbk); ISBN: 978-1-7817-9424-1. £19.99 (pbk); ISBN: 978-1-7817-9511-8 (e-book) £19.99.
Divergencias y convergencias para asegurar la actividad agrícola en Ecuador: análisis de la parroquia Chuquiribamba (Loja) / Divergences and convergences to ensure agriculture in Ecuador: analysis of the Chuquiribamba Parrish (Loja)
Authors: Iñiguez-Gallardo Verónica , Serrano-Barbecho Renato , Reyes Bueno Fabián René 
Published: December 2018

La regulación de uso del suelo es un continuo debate en el proceso de planificación territorial, sobre todo en Ecuador, donde la agricultura a pequeña escala es uno de los pilares de la economía familiar para un amplio porcentaje de habitantes del sector rural. Por esta razón, identificar las variables requeridas para mantener la actividad agrícola es una necesidad y obligación. El objetivo principal de este artículo es identificar las variables espaciales que inciden sobre la probabilidad de mantener la actividad agrícola, de acuerdo con las expectativas de la gente y las características del territorio. Para ello, se comparan datos de percepción de los pobladores sobre variables tales como superficie predial, distancia a carretera, a canales de riego y a mercados, con datos espaciales de estas mismas variables. El área de estudio es la Parroquia Chuquiribamba, perteneciente al cantón Loja, al sur del Ecuador, por ser una de las principales fuentes agrícolas del sector. Los resultados sugieren convergencias entre las percepciones de la gente y las variables espaciales necesarias para asegurar la actividad agrícola, así como divergencias respecto a la normativa que regula el tamaño mínimo predial.
Abstract
Land-use regulation?is an ongoing debate in the process of land-use planning. This is particularly true for a country such as Ecuador, where small-scale agriculture is one of the pillars of the family economy for a large percentage of inhabitants of the rural sector. ?In this context,?identifying the necessary variables for ensuring agricultural activities is a need and an obligation.?The main objective of this article is to identify the spatial variables that affect the probability of maintaining agricultural activity, according to the expectations of the people and the characteristics of the territory.?We compare data regarding the perceptions?of the people of variables such as parcel size, road, irrigation and market proximity, with spatial data of the same variables.?The area of study is the Chuquiribamba Parish, located in Canton Loja, in southern Ecuador.?We selected it due to its agricultural importance in the Canton.?The results suggest convergences between the perceptions of the people and the spatial variables necessary to safeguard agriculture, as well as divergences?with the normative regulating the minimum parcel-size.
İNTERTROKANTERİK FEMUR KIRIKLARINDA EKSTRAMEDÜLLER TESPİT, FONKSİYONEL SONUÇLAR VE GÜNCEL LİTERATÜR
Authors: KOVALAK Emrah 
Published: December 2018

Amaç
Pertrokanterik kırıklar kalça kırıklarının yaklaşık %50’
sini oluşturan, yüksek oranlarda mortaliteye sahip kırıklardır.
Tedavideki temel amaç anatomik redüksiyon,
redüksiyonun stabil bir tespit ile korunması ve erken
mobilizasyon ile rehabilitasyondur. Dinamik kalça vidaları
(DHS) intertrokanterik kırıkların tedavisinde altın
standart olarak kabul edilmekle beraber, sabit açılı
plaklar, intramedüller çiviler ve eksternal fiksatörler
de kullanılmaktadır. Ancak, özellikle instabil kırıklar
olmak üzere kesin kabul görmüş bir tespit materyali
yoktur. Bu çalışma ile intertrokanterik kırıkların ekstramedüller
tespitinin fonksiyonel sonuçlarının güncel
literatürün ışığında tartışılması amaçlandı.
Gereç ve Yöntem
Evans tip 1 ve tip 2 intertrokanterik femur kırığı tanısı
ile açık redüksiyon ve internal tespit yapılan, ameliyat
sonrası 1 yılı tamamlamış 18 yaş üstü hastalar retrospektif
olarak değerlendirildi. Anteroposterior ve lateral
radyografilerde, varus – valgus açılanması ve redüksiyon
kaybına bakıldı. Fonksiyonel skorlama amacı ile
Harris Kalça Skoru (HHS) ve Travmatik Kalça Skalası
(TKS) kullanıldı.
Bulgular
Çalışmaya 18 hasta alındı. Yaş ortalaması 52,5 yıl,
hastanede kalış süresi ortalama 7 gün ve takip süresi
22 ay idi. Hastaların 4’ü trafik kazası, 14’ü düşme
nedeni ile başvurmuş idi. Kırıkların 17’si tip 1, biri
tip 2 idi. Tip 1 kırıkların 10’u stabil, 7’si instabil idi. 13
hastada dinamik kalça vidası (DHS), 5 hastada dinamik
kondiler vida (DCS) kullanılmış idi. Fonksiyonel
sonuçlar HHS göre 14 hastada mükemmel, 3 hastada
iyi, 1 hastada kötü sonuç. TKS göre 9 hasta mükemmel,
7 hasta iyi,1 hasta kötü, 1 hasta başarısız olarak
değerlendirildi. 12 hastada varus açılanması (ortalama
8,25°), 3 hastada valgus açılanması (ortalama
4,6°) saptandı. 3 hastada (Evans tip 1 instabil) boyuncisim
açısında değişim saptanmadı. Kayma miktarı
instabil kırıklarda ortalama 5,34 mm. ve stabil kırıklarda
1,76 mm. idi. Hiçbir hastada non-union, cut-out
ve femur cisim medializasyonu, enfeksiyon, derin ven
trombozu, pulmoner emboli ve myositis ossifikans görülmedi.
Bir hastada mal-union gelişti ancak revizyon
yapılmadı.
Sonuç
Kırık tipi ameliyat sonrası dönemde mortaliteyi etkileyen
önemli faktörlerden olup mekanik olarak stabil redüksiyon
ve bunun korunması başarıyı sağlayan ana
etkendir. Artan revizyon insidansı mortaliteyi de arttırmaktadır.
Mevcut literatür ideal implantı tarif etmekten
uzak olmakla beraber her bir implantın kendine özgü
avantaj ve dezavantajları vardır. Proksimal femoral çiviler,
implant yetmezliği, kanama miktarı, kısa hastanede
kalış süresi ile DHS’ye göre daha avantajlı gözükmektedir.
Proksimal femoral anatomik plaklar da kırık tipine göre alternatif olarak akılda bulundurulmalıdır.