bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La dynamique des sociétés péri-urbaines en Île-de-France : spécialisation ou diversification des fonctions résidentielles dans les communes péri-urbaines d'Île-de-France. L'exemple des départements de l'Essonne et des Yvelines
Authors: Berger Martine 
Published: May 2018

This paper focuses attention on the consequences of the process of exurbanisation, which largely accounts for population growth in the Ile de France Region and on the evolution of social differentiation of communes of less than 5 000 inhabitants. Is there a diversification of the social-professional profile, leading to greater homogeneity of periurban communities ? Or is there increased specialization of the communes in favour of such or such a group, there by causing segregation ?
The case study of two departments of the «outer ring of the Region» (La Grande Couronne) shows different types of evolution with respect to size and location of the communes. But it further raises the issue of the effects of local policies on access to private periurban housing units.
Une autre forme urbaine
Authors: Bonadonna Serge 
Published: May 2018

If one considers that the town is a human creation of which the observer as user-creator is part, any analysis should include the whole in its globality, that is say, take into account the sequence of ties, sometimes entangled, which link form, use and history to the conditions of their own production, which are then linked to the observer and to the time during which this continuous process of transformation takes place.
A hypothesis of formalisation, based on research, defines urban form as the organisation of organisations and shows how time, by the intermediary of these organisations, can play its fundamental role. It brings to light a certain autonomy of urban form.
Construire la logique du lieu
Authors: Chemetov Paul , Burgel Guy , Genestier Philippe 
Published: May 2018

Paul CHEMETOV answers the questions which the problem of urban form raises, on the basis of his experience as a constructor. His work and projects in old suburbs such as Marne-la-Vallée and I'lsle-d'Abeau are based on an empirical approach to the site : the architects' intervention must be a definite coherent answer to the logic of the place which comes from its environment and its history. Therefore, the project of the Treasury Department at Bercy integrates the culture of an exceptional site, a reflection on the production methods of the city on various scales and a concern with the technique of construction.
A book entitled Paul CHEMETOV, building today was published by the editor Electra-Moniteur (Milan-Paris) in 1985 by F. POUSIN and D. TREIBER.
Exprimer la collectivité locale. Pour un urbanisme empirique
Authors: Douady Clément-noël , Frey Jean-Pierre , Genestier Philippe 
Published: May 2018

Cl.-N. DOUADY, an in the field town planner, traces the evolution of the institutional conditions of planning and the mutations of the production system in building :
-Though we no longer know at present the reign of the operations which caused the breaking
up of the suburbs into a mosaic of territories unkown to each other, which characterise the modern urban fabric, we, nevertheless, continue to endure the effects as the above constitute the present stakes in urbanism.
-The refinement of the scale of operations coincides with the imposition of an essentially municipal framework of intervention and decision.
These new conditions lead us to centre the action on aims which are both symbolic-signs of communal unity and its centre -and functional -the bringing together of zones which are morphologically and socially incoherent
Based on the comparison between the contexts of suburbs and New Towns, the urban planning techniques which are developping today consider themselves as concrete and realistic. They explore, without any theorical a-priori, the constraints which are also the potentialities of each side.
Les habitants des lotissements, des identités variées
Authors: Haumont Antoine 
Published: May 2018

La population des lotissements s'est mise en place en France de manière à peu près continue depuis le début du 20ème siècle, avec deux fortes poussées dans les années 1925-1935 et 1970-1980. Généralement jeunes à l'entrée, les habitants sont aujourd'hui d'âges variés car la mobilité résidentielle est faible. Ils appartiennent en majorité aux groupes des ouvriers qualifiés et des employés. Le sentiment d'identité sociale se réfère surtout à l'occupation d'une maison individuelle. Il peut s'élargir à la notion de communauté résidentielle, lorsque le groupe est homogène.
Les évolutions historiques varient : certains lotissements deviennent des quartiers urbains, d'autres restent isolés aux limites des villes ou des villages.
L'industrie parisienne à la recherche de son second souffle
Authors: Carré Denis 
Published: May 2018

The Parisian industry represents about 20% of the French industry. It is the first industrial area, but not the first area for industrial employment. This region has participated in the large innovations of the XXth century : car and aircraft as well as cinema or pharmaceutical products. It is common place to mention the deindustrialization of the Parisian area, the development of the service sector and its place amongst the world global capitals. The presence of the headquarters of national and international firms is well-known too. But this description is incomplete. We also underline the economic restructuring of the Parisian region : from the centre to the peripherical area. But here too the transformation of space is more complex.
If the horizontal disintegration of the activity — the presence of many headquarters and to a larger extent the localization of many commercial and administrative offices — is a characteristic of this area, many firms are also producers. For example, the small and medium firms represent about 50% of the Parisian industry and 10% of the national industry.
A high productivity, an intense economic growth, a producer of added value or an inflationnist area with diseconomies of agglomerations, and an average attractivity, those are the elements of debate. If this region has the greatest number of foreign firms, in relative tenus, other French regions do better ; and for the headquarters of multinational firms, Bruxelles or London are more attractive.
The State as well as the Region, the Departments and many cities have the willpower to keep industry in the Parisian area. However, this willpower is not sufficient. The deindustrialization continues and the great debate on territorial development gives rise to questions. Nevertheless two processes of evolution are likely to limit or stop this trend.
And last but not least, the local policies appear to us as a useful perspective to reinforce firms and particularly, the small and medium ones. The local policies and the economic powers favour the insertion of those firms in networks to benefit from the important strategy ressources of this region.
Magnetic Inflation and Stellar Mass. II. On the Radii of Single, Rapidly Rotating, Fully Convective M-Dwarf Stars
Authors: Kesseli Aurora Y. , Muirhead Philip S. , Mann Andrew W , Mace Greg 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Main-sequence, fully convective M dwarfs in eclipsing binaries are observed to be larger than stellar evolutionary models predict by as much as 10%–15%. A proposed explanation for this discrepancy involves effects from strong magnetic fields, induced by rapid rotation via the dynamo process. Although, a handful of single, slowly rotating M dwarfs with radius measurements from interferometry also appear to be larger than models predict, suggesting that rotation or binarity specifically may not be the sole cause of the discrepancy. We test whether single, rapidly rotating, fully convective stars are also larger than expected by measuring their

distribution. We combine photometric rotation periods from the literature with rotational broadening (

) measurements reported in this work for a sample of 88 rapidly rotating M dwarf stars. Using a Bayesian framework, we find that stellar evolutionary models underestimate the radii by

, but that at higher masses (0.18 < M < 0.4 M
Sun), the discrepancy is only about 6% and comparable to results from interferometry and eclipsing binaries. At the lowest masses (0.08 < M < 0.18 M
Sun), we find that the discrepancy between observations and theory is 13%–18%, and we argue that the discrepancy is unlikely to be due to effects from age. Furthermore, we find no statistically significant radius discrepancy between our sample and the handful of M dwarfs with interferometric radii. We conclude that neither rotation nor binarity are responsible for the inflated radii of fully convective M dwarfs, and that all fully convective M dwarfs are larger than models predict.
An Intercomparison Study of Two Proximate Damped Lyα Systems with Residual Flux upon the Lyα Absorption Trough toward Quasars
Authors: Xie Xiaoyi , Zhou Hongyan , Pan Xiang , Jiang Peng , Shi Xiheng , Ji Tuo , Zhang Shaohua , Wu Shengmiao , Zhong Zhihao 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
In this paper, we present an intercomparison study of two quasars, SDSS J145618.32+340037.2 and SDSS J215331.50–025514.1, which have proximate damped Lyα systems (PDLAs) with residual flux upon the Lyα absorption trough. Though they both have residual flux as luminous as 1043 erg s−1, their PDLAs are quite different in, e.g., neutral hydrogen column density, metal line absorption strength, high-ionization absorption lines as well as residual flux strength. For J1456+3400, the H i column density is log(N
H i
/cm–2) = 20.6 ± 0.2, with z
abs = 2.3138, nearly identical to the quasar redshift (z = 2.3142) determined from the [O iii] emission line. The metallicity of this system is typical of DLAs and there is high ionization therein, suggesting that the PDLA system is multiphase, putting it in the quasar environment. For J2153–0255, we measure the H i column density to be log(N
H i
/cm–2) = 21.5 ± 0.1 at z
abs = 3.511, slightly redshifted with respect to the quasar (z = 3.490) measured from C iii]. The metallicity of this system is quite low and there is a lack of significant high-ionization absorption lines therein, suggesting that the system is beyond the quasar host galaxy. The residual flux is wide (∼1000 km s−1) in J1456, with a significance of ∼8σ, while also wide (∼1500 km s−1) but with a smaller significance of ∼3σ in J2153. Among many explanations, we find that Lyα fuzz or resonant scattering can be used to explain the residual flux in the two sources while partial coverage cannot be excluded for J1456. By comparing these two cases, together with a similar case reported previously, we suggest that the strength of the residual flux is related to properties such as metallicity and high-ionization absorption lines of PDLAs. The residual flux recorded upon the PDLA absorption trough opens a window for us to see the physical conditions and processes of the quasar environment, and their profile and strength further remind us of their spatial scales.
RELICS: Strong-lensing Analysis of the Massive Clusters MACS J0308.9+2645 and PLCK G171.9−40.7
Authors: Acebron Ana , Cibirka Nathália , Zitrin Adi , Coe Dan , Agulli Irene , Sharon Keren , Bradač Maruša , Frye Brenda , Livermore Rachael C. , Mahler Guillaume , Salmon Brett , Umetsu Keiichi , Bradley Larry , Andrade-Santos Felipe , Avila Roberto , Carrasco Daniela , Cerny Catherine , Czakon Nicole G. , Dawson William A. , Hoag Austin T. , Huang Kuang-Han , Johnson Traci L. , Jones Christine , Kikuchihara Shotaro , Lam Daniel , Lovisari Lorenzo , Mainali Ramesh , Oesch Pascal A. , Ogaz Sara , Ouchi Masami , Past Matthew , Paterno-Mahler Rachel , Peterson Avery , Ryan Russell E. , Sendra-Server Irene , Stark Daniel P. , Strait Victoria , Toft Sune , Trenti Michele , Vulcani Benedetta 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Strong gravitational lensing by galaxy clusters has become a powerful tool for probing the high-redshift universe, magnifying distant and faint background galaxies. Reliable strong-lensing (SL) models are crucial for determining the intrinsic properties of distant, magnified sources and for constructing their luminosity function. We present here the first SL analysis of MACS J0308.9+2645 and PLCK G171.9−40.7, two massive galaxy clusters imaged with the Hubble Space Telescope, in the framework of the Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey (RELICS). We use the light-traces-mass modeling technique to uncover sets of multiply imaged galaxies and constrain the mass distribution of the clusters. Our SL analysis reveals that both clusters have particularly large Einstein radii (θ

E
> 30″ for a source redshift of z

s
= 2), providing fairly large areas with high magnifications, useful for high-redshift galaxy searches (∼2 arcmin2 with μ > 5 to ∼1 arcmin2 with μ > 10, similar to a typical Hubble Frontier Fields cluster). We also find that MACS J0308.9+2645 hosts a promising, apparently bright (J ∼ 23.2–24.6 AB), multiply imaged high-redshift candidate at z ∼ 6.4. These images are among the brightest high-redshift candidates found in RELICS. Our mass models, including magnification maps, are made publicly available for the community through the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes.
The Radio Background below 100 MHz
Authors: Dowell Jayce , Taylor Greg B. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The recent detection of the “cosmic dawn” redshifted 21 cm signal at 78 MHz by the Experiment to Detect the Global EoR Signatures (EDGES) differs significantly from theoretical predictions. In particular, the absorption trough is roughly a factor of two stronger than the most optimistic theoretical models. The early interpretations of the origin of this discrepancy fall into two categories. The first is that there is increased cooling of the gas due to interactions with dark matter, while the second is that the background radiation field includes a contribution from a component in addition to the cosmic microwave background (CMB). In this Letter we examine the feasibility of the second idea using new data from the first station of the Long Wavelength Array. The data span 40–80 MHz and provide important constraints on the present-day background in a frequency range where there are few surveys with absolute temperature calibration suitable for measuring the strength of the radio monopole. We find support for a strong, diffuse radio background that was suggested by the ARCARDE 2 results in the 3–10 GHz range. We find that this background is well modeled by a power law with a spectral index of −2.58 ± 0.05 and a temperature at the rest frame 21 cm frequency of

mK.
A Large and Pristine Sample of Standard Candles across the Milky Way: ∼100,000 Red Clump Stars with 3% Contamination
Authors: Ting 丁源 Yuan-Sen 森 , Hawkins Keith , Rix Hans-Walter 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Core helium-burning red clump (RC) stars are excellent standard candles in the Milky Way. These stars may have more precise distance estimates from spectrophotometry than from Gaia parallaxes beyond 3 kpc. However, RC stars have values of T
eff and

that are very similar to some red giant branch (RGB) stars. Especially for low-resolution spectroscopic studies where T
eff,

, and [Fe/H] can only be estimated with limited precision, separating RC stars from RGB through established methods can incur ∼20% contamination. Recently, Hawkins et al. demonstrated that the additional information in single-epoch spectra, such as the C/N ratio, can be exploited to cleanly differentiate RC and RGB stars. In this second paper of the series, we establish a data-driven mapping from spectral flux space to independently determined asteroseismic parameters, the frequency and the period spacing. From this, we identify 210,371 RC stars from the publicly available LAMOST DR3 and APOGEE DR14 data, with ∼9% of contamination. We provide an RC sample of 92249 stars with a contamination of only ∼3%, by restricting the combined analysis to LAMOST stars with S/Npix ≥ 75. This demonstrates that high-signal-to-noise ratio (S/N), low-resolution spectra covering a broad wavelength range can identify RC samples at least as pristine as their high-resolution counterparts. As coming and ongoing surveys such as TESS, DESI, and LAMOST will continue to improve the overlapping training spectroscopic-asteroseismic sample, the method presented in this study provides an efficient and straightforward way to derive a vast yet pristine sample of RC stars to reveal the three-dimensional (3D) structure of the Milky Way.
Water, High-altitude Condensates, and Possible Methane Depletion in the Atmosphere of the Warm Super-Neptune WASP-107b
Authors: Kreidberg Laura , Line Michael R. , Thorngren Daniel , Morley Caroline V. , Stevenson Kevin B. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The super-Neptune exoplanet WASP-107b is an exciting target for atmosphere characterization. It has an unusually large atmospheric scale height and a small, bright host star, raising the possibility of precise constraints on its current nature and formation history. We report the first atmospheric study of WASP-107b, a Hubble Space Telescope (HST) measurement of its near-infrared transmission spectrum. We determined the planet’s composition with two techniques: atmospheric retrieval based on the transmission spectrum and interior structure modeling based on the observed mass and radius. The interior structure models set a 3σ upper limit on the atmospheric metallicity of 30× solar. The transmission spectrum shows strong evidence for water absorption (6.5σ confidence), and the retrieved water abundance is consistent with expectations for a solar abundance pattern. The inferred carbon-to-oxygen ratio is subsolar at 2.7σ confidence, which we attribute to possible methane depletion in the atmosphere. The spectral features are smaller than predicted for a cloud-free composition, crossing less than one scale height. A thick condensate layer at high altitudes (0.1–3 mbar) is needed to match the observations. We find that physically motivated cloud models with moderate sedimentation efficiency (f
sed = 0.3) or hazes with a particle size of 0.3 μm reproduce the observed spectral feature amplitude. Taken together, these findings serve as an illustration of the diversity and complexity of exoplanet atmospheres. The community can look forward to more such results with the high precision and wide spectral coverage afforded by future observing facilities.
Frequency and susceptibility pattern of uropathogenic Enterobacteriaceae isolated from patients in Algiers, Algeria
Authors: Aouf Abdelhakim , Gueddi Taha , Djeghout Bilal , Ammari Houria 
Published: May 2018

Introduction: The frequency of Enterobacteriaceae involved in urinary tract infections (UTI) has increased significantly since the early 1990s, particularly in at-risk facilities such as resuscitation, surgery, urology and nephrology. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae causing urinary tract infections (UTIs)at the University Hospital Centre of Benimessous in Algiers.
Methodology: The study was designed as a retrospective study (between January 1st 2010 and December 31st 2012) and a prospective study (between January 1standApril 30th 2013) on 13,611 urine samples. Antimicrobial resistance phenotyping was conducted on the bacterial isolates using disk-diffusion method.
Results: On 13,611 urine samples analysed, 1,790 (13.15%) fulfilled the criteria for urinary tract infection. Enterobacteriaceae were identified in 1,561 analysed samples (87%). Escherichia coli was the dominant uropathogen (66,15%) in both hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients. The other main detected Enterobacteriaceae members were Klebsiella pneumoniae (11,96%) and Proteus mirabilis (5,42%). Analysis of results showed also that women were more prone to UTI than men with sex ratio of 3.76(W/M).
The susceptibilities of isolated Enterobacteriaceae to antibiotics revealed that they had acquired resistance to several classes, particularly toward β-lactams. Resistance frequencies were relatively high to ampicillin and sulfomethoxasole, while being very low to aminoglycosides and furans. Results obtained revealed also that 7% of isolates where resistant to third generation cephalosporins by production of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL).
Conclusions: The continuous monitoring of antibiotic resistance of uropathogenic Escherichia coli is crucial to guide the clinician to choose the best empiric treatment.
Le sexuel en thérapie de couple
Authors: Payen Françoise 
Published: May 2018

Les paroles autour de la sexualité nous rappellent que le sexuel est une énigme au cœur de nos existences qui ne se limite ni aux désirs ni aux comportements sexuels, ni à la génitalité. Freud lui-même (1921), parlant de la libido, l’élargit aux dimensions de « l’Éros à qui le monde entier doit sa cohésion ». Les couples que nous recevons, au-delà de leurs flots de paroles ou de leurs silences parlants, ne sont-ils pas à la recherche de cette cohésion sur laquelle s’édifie le psychisme ?
Les montres de Genève au XIX e siècle. La fabrique des qualités
Authors: Sougy Nadège 
Published: May 2018

Au cours du XIX e siècle, l’horlogerie, secteur économique majeur pour le canton de Genève, traverse des crises de nature et d’intensité variées. Fabricants, commerçants et État cherchent à soutenir la filière en révisant la qualité de l’offre. L’enjeu est important car la démocratisation de la consommation de montres sur les marchés européen et américain oblige à proposer des montres de qualités différentes. Cette adaptation à la demande révèle les intérêts divergents entre les fabricants soucieux de maintenir le prestige de leur offre, les commerçants intéressés au placement de montres de provenances variées et l’État engagé à soutenir l’emploi. L’extension des qualités des montres de la Fabrique genevoise soulève directement la question de l’identité et de la réputation de l’offre genevoise. À partir des années 1870, la montée des concurrences nationales avec le canton de Neuchâtel et étrangères avec les offres américaines oblige à discipliner les modes de fabrication, les pratiques commerciales. L’essor de protections juridiques sur le nom de Genève, sur la propriété industrielle et intellectuelle des modèles, devient essentiel. Dans le même temps, le poinçonnage facultatif de la qualité technique des montres fabriquées dans le canton s’impose comme une certification officielle permettant l’identification d’une bonne montre de Genève.