bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coagulation Changes with intravenous Administration of Fat after Blocking the RES
Authors: Kommerell B , Barth P , Pfleiderer Th 
Published: June 2018

SummaryRabbits were treated in 3 groups : Group A received 20 ml/kg Lipofundin, group B received 150 mg/kg india ink and 20 ml/kg Lipofundin, group C received 150 mg/kg india ink and 20 ml/kg isotonic glucose. Group A and B showed a decrease of activity of the factors II, V, VII, serumcomplex and a decrease of the platelet count. The changes were more pronounced in group B and 6 of 8 animals of this group died after the infusion. In group A only 1 animal died. All controll animals (group C) survived. There were no significant changes in the coagulation system in group C. The contact factors showed an activation in group B, little activation in group A and inconsistent activation in group C. In vitro india ink was able to produce a moderate activation of the contact system. The high death rate after administration of india ink and fat is thought to be due to a consumptive coagulopathy.
Studies Regarding the Effect of Foreign-Surface Contact on the One-Stage Prothrombin Time Determination
Authors: Shanberge J. N , Matsuoka T 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe shortening of the one-stage prothrombin time of plasma brought about by increased foreign surface contact is dependent upon “activation” of factor VII. This activation of VII is the result of a series of activations involving factors XII, IX and probably XI as well. In this it is similar to the activation of factor VIII. Although the prothrombin time in an individual with hemophilia B or the Hageman trait is ‘‘normal”, no shortening occurs after increased foreign surface contact. Factor VII deficient plasma with normal levels of factors XII and IX is “activated” by “contact” in proportion to the level of VII present. No increase in activity of factors II, V, or X was observed after increased foreign surface contact.
The Role of Chelators in Surface Metabolism of Adenosine Nucleotides Added to Native Human Blood Platelets in Vitro
Authors: Kerby G. P 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe production of ATP and AMP by human platelets exposed in this study to a large excess of exogenous ADP has been confirmed, using nonanticoagulated platelet-rich-plasma. Production of ATP differed from that of AMP in that divalent cation requirements were not the same, and there were differences in sources yielding maximal production. ATP production proceeded in the absence of free calcium ions, although it was enhanced by their presence. AMP production was partially or completely arrested by full EDTA chelation of the same platelet mixture. Citrate anion regularly enhanced the net production of AMP (but not of ATP) when added to native platelet-rich-plasma, provided some free calcium ions were present. When native human platelets were resuspended in serum from autologous platelet-poor-plasma, ATP production was markedly greater with unwashed platelets than with washed (glucose-phosphate buffer) platelets, while the reverse was true of net AMP production. An important initial role by adenylate kinase is therefore unlikely in this in vitro system. The net production of both ATP and AMP was much greater in serum derived from non-anticoagulated platelet-rich-plasma and from whole blood than from serum derived from non-anticoagulant platelet-poor-plasma, again emphasizing the importance of platelet enzymes, among others, in the overall reactions observed.
The In-Vivo-Effect of E-Aminocaproic Acid (EACA) on Human Plasma Fibrinolytic System
Authors: Niewiarowski St , Wołosowicz Nina 
Published: June 2018

SummaryEACA was administered orally to 30 healthy volunteers in a single doses of 0.1 g per kg body weight. The level of this compound in blood plasma and its effect on the human plasma fibrinolytic system were investigated.EACA is rapidly absorbed from the intestinal tract, its maximal level in the blood plasma being reached one hour later. The half life of this compound in the blood plasma amounted to two hours on the average.The following changes in the plasma fibrinolytic system were observed : a) an inhibition of euglobulin fibrinolysis, which was most pronounced three hours after EACA ingestion ; b) a considerable increase in plasminogen, antiplasmin and antitrypsin activities (maximum-five hours after EACA) ; c) slight increase in fibrinogen level (maximum-five hours after EACA).The conclusion has been reached that EACA induces a rise in endogenous inhibitors of the fibrinolytic system in the normal organism which may reinforce the hemostatic effect of this drug. The observed phenomena may be explained if we assume that the activation of the fibrinolytic system in the organism is continuous.
A Re-Appraisal of the Role of Blood Coagulation and Platelets in the Generalized Shwartzman Phenomenon
Authors: Levin J , Beck E 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe role of intravascular coagulation in the production of the generalized Shwartzman phenomenon has been evaluated. The administration of endotoxin to animals prepared with Thorotrast results in activation of the coagulation mechanism with the resultant deposition of fibrinoid material in the renal glomeruli. Anticoagulation prevents alterations in the state of the coagulation system and inhibits development of the renal lesions. Platelets are not primarily involved. Platelet antiserum produces similar lesions in animals prepared with Thorotrast, but appears to do so in a manner which does not significantly involve intravascular coagulation.The production of adrenal cortical hemorrhage, comparable to that seen in the Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome, following the administration of endotoxin to animals that had previously received ACTH does not require intravascular coagulation and may not be a manifestation of the generalized Shwartzman phenomenon.
Vergleichende Untersuchungen über Antifibrinolytika
Authors: Markwardt F , Klöckingu H.-P , Landmann H 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Wirkung der in der Therapie verwendeten Antifibrinolytika ε-Aminocapronsäure (EACA), p-Aminomethylbenzoesäure (PAMBA) und 4-Amino-methyleyclohexanearbonsäure-( 1 ) (AMCA) wurde in tierexperimentellen und klinischen Untersuchungen vergleichend geprüft. Dabei zeigte sich, daß die zyklischen Aminocarbonsäuren mehrfach stärker wirksam sind als EACA. Ferner wurden Resorption und Ausscheidung der Antifibrinolytika in Tierexperimenten und am gesunden Menschen untersucht.In biochemischen Versuchen wurde neben der Hemmwirkung dieser Verbindungen auf die Plasminogenaktivierung auch ihr Einfluß auf den Fibrinogenabbau durch Plasmin und Trypsin studiert. Hierbei ergab sich, daß PAMBA eine Antitrypsin-und Antiplasminwirkung besitzt, welche diejenige von AMCA und EACA übertrifft.
Localization of Inhibition of Platelet Aggregation by Incubation of Platelet Rich EDTA-Plasma at 37°C
Authors: Gross R , Niemeyer G , Reuter H 
Published: June 2018

SummaryBy photometric and microscopic technics investigations have been carried out to determine the nature of the inhibition of platelet aggregation caused by incubating platelet rich EDTA-plasma at 37° C. The results clearly indicate that the inhibition must arise from alterations in the platelets themselves. The appearance of an inhibitory substance in plasma and the release of such a substance from the platelets into the plasma have been excluded. Addition of ADP to the inhibited platelets did not influence the inhibition of platelet aggregation.
The Effect of Urea on the Aggregation of Normal Human Platelets
Authors: Somer J. B , Stewart J. H , Castaldi P. A 
Published: June 2018

SummaryStudies have been performed on the effect of urea on platelet aggregation. Over a wide concentration range, urea initially inhibits and later enhances aggregation induced by ADP, thrombin, adrenaline and nor-adrenaline. Urea induces aggregation by a mechanism which differs from that due to ADP and it is suggested that this may reflect platelet damage. Urea alone cannot be held responsible for the qualitative platelet abnormalities and bleeding tendency of the uraemic state, but it may number among a group of harmful influences.
A Method to Correct for the Continuing Activation during the Second Stage in a Two-Stage Assay
Authors: Berg W 
Published: June 2018

SummaryIn coagulation and fibrinolysis, kinetic data are difficult to obtain with ordinary quantitative methods because no simple means are available to stop the reaction before the determination of the activity formed.This work describes how to calculate, from the data recorded, the amount of activity at the moment the determination is started.A formula is given for a zero, a first and a second-order reaction.The method is exemplified by urokinase activation of plasminogen into plasmin. The determination of the plasmin activity is done by means of the lysis time method.
Transformation of Autoprothrombin III to Autoprothrombin C in Sodium Citrate Solution
Authors: Kipfer R , Seegers W. H 
Published: June 2018

SummaryAll reactions studied occurred in 25% sodium citrate solution. The conversion of prethrombin to thrombin with autoprothrombin C was retarded by 3,4,4’-triaminodi-phenyl sulfone. The compound functioned as a competitive inhibitor. Purified autoprothrombin III converted to autoprothrombin C more rapidly when autoprothrombin C was added at zero time. Soybean trypsin inhibitor, which neutralizes autopro-thrombin C activity, blocked the conversion of autoprothrombin III to autoprothrom-bin C, and 3,4,4’-triaminodiphenylsulf one inhibited the development of autoprothrombin C activity. The activation of prothrombin in 25% sodium citrate solution consists of three main events; namely, 1. the dissociation of prothrombin into subunits, 2. the formation of autoprothrombin C, and 3. the formation of thrombin.
Die Verteilung von EDTA und Zitrat in Blut und Plasma
Authors: Reuter H , Niemeyer G , Gross R 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungEs wird über eine einfache Methode zur Bestimmung von Zitrat und EDTA in Blut und Plasma mit Hilfe 14C-markierter Substanzen berichtet.Die Methode ermöglicht die rasche Bestimmung der Verteilung der Komplexbildner zwischen zellulären und flüssigen Bestandteilen des Blutes mit Hilfe eines Liquid Scintillation Counters.Die Abhängigkeit der experimentell bestimmten Verteilungsfaktoren vom Hämatokritwert wird untersucht und die Möglichkeit einer mathematischen Formulierung und Deutung der Beziehung zwischen Verteilungsfaktoren und Hämatokrit diskutiert.
Immunochemischer Nachweis von Fibrinogen-derivaten im Urin bei Verbrauchskoagulopathien
Authors: Herschlein H. J , Steichele D. F 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungMit immunologischen Methoden werden bei Verbrauchskoagulopathien Fibrinogen-derivate im Urin nachgewiesen, die mit der Immunoelektrophorese charakterisiert werden. Demnach können die bei Verbrauchskoagulopathien im Serum nachweisbaren Fibrinogenderivate die Niere passieren und werden mit dem Urin ausgeschieden.
Hydrolysis of L-Histidine Methyl Ester
Authors: Cole E. R 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe ratio of TAME esterase activity (or PME esterase activity for α-chymotrypsin) to HME esterase activity has been determined for a number of proteolytic enzymes under identical conditions. Papain showed no attack on HME, but ficin, bromelin, human plasmin, trypsin, thrombin, autoprothrombin C, urokinase and α-chymotrypsin hydrolyze this substrate to varying degrees. Ficin showed a TAME/HME activity ratio of 304 while the lowest ratio (approximately 1) was found for urokinase, an activator of plasminogen. This high relative affinity of urokinase for HME prompted an investigation to determine if this property was also a function of streptokinase-activator complex. Glycerol-activated plasmin had a low relative affinity for HME as a substrate (TAME/HME = 157), but addition of high concentrations of streptokinase increased the relative affinity of the preparation for HME catalysis by 500 to 600% (TAME/HME = 26.4). Human plasminogen activated by high concentrations of streptokinase also demonstrate high relative affinity for HME (TAME/ HME = 20-25). HME esterase activity is largely lost when streptokinase is destroyed by pH 2.0 treatment, but can be regained by readdition of streptokinase to the plasmin preparation. Hydrolysis of HME by plasmin preparations in the presence of streptokinase is believed to be primarily a property of streptokinase-plasmin complex.
Kinetic Aspects of the Interaction of Blood Clotting Enzymes
Authors: Hemker H. C , Muller A. D 
Published: June 2018

SummaryObservations of the clotting time in one-stage tests in the extrinsic system show, after suitable correction, that there is a rectilinear relationship between the clotting time and the inverse of the concentration of the rate-limiting factor. This cannot be explained by the “cascade” or “waterfall” mechanism proposed as a scheme for the interaction of the blood-clotting factors concerned. This relationship can, however, be explained by a slightly different mechanism.
Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) Breakdown in Human Plasma with Reference to Platelet Aggregation and Uraemia
Authors: Gan I. E. T , Firkin B. G 
Published: June 2018

Summary1. A correlation between platelet aggregation and the plasma enzyme(s) ability to degrade Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) has been confirmed.2. This plasma activity has been shown to be reduced in 6 patients with uraemia in whom platelet aggregation was demonstrably impaired but not in two whose platelet function was normal. The incorporation of 14C labelled ADP-8-14C was also only reduced in uraemic patients with abnormal platelet aggregation.3. These findings are discussed with particular reference to possible implication in mechanism involved in ADP aggregation of platelets.
Particulate Nature of Acid Phosphatase Released from Thrombocytes
Authors: Polášek J 
Published: June 2018

SummaryAcid phosphatases are released from thrombocytes into serum during coagulation of native PRP or blood in particulate form. Latent activity probably masked in phospholipoprotein structures could be discovered with the use of detergent.Some physicochemical properties are described with regard to the PF 3 like activity of serum.Possible connection to platelet lysosomes is discussed.
Antifibrinolytic Action of the Anticoagulant Split Product of Fibrinogen
Authors: Nanninga L. B , Guest M. M 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe purified anticoagulant split product of fibrinogen has antifibrinolytic and anti-fibrinogenolytic activity. This was investigated by lysis times of fibrin and by the rate of disappearance of fibrinogen in plasma and in a purified system. A new method was used to measure fibrinogenolytic activity. In the experimental system which we have used no indication of additional breakdown of the anticoagulant split product in the presence of fibrinolysin was obtained.
Eine semiquantitative immunologische Methode zur Fibrinolysebestimmung
Authors: Karitzky D , Künzer W 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungEs wurde untersucht, ob die Menge der bei der Fibrinolyse freiwerdenden Polypeptide ein Maß für die Spontanfibrinolyse in vitro darstellt. Es zeigte sich, daß innerhalb 24 Std. nur ein antikörperpositives Polypeptid abgespalten wurde. Dieses wies in der immunelektrophoretischen Analyse β2-Beweglichkeit auf. Die Methode eignet sich zur semiquantitativen Bestimmung der Spontanfibrinolyse in kleinen Plasmamengen.
Degradation of Fibrinogen by Proteolytic Enzymes
Authors: Miller S. P , Sanchez-Avalos J 
Published: June 2018

SummaryDegradation products of fibrinogen and fibrin resulting from the hydrolytic action of plasmin, trypsin, chymotrypsin and papain were prepared and the two major polypeptide fragments were found to have inhibitory effects on the coagulation mechanism including inhibition of thromboplastin generation and inhibition of the conversion of the fibrinogen to fibrin. The inhibitory actions of each of the isolated components were characterized specifically for their role in each of these coagulation functions.Both the slow (D) and fast (E) fragments of fibrinogen and fibrin hydrolysis by plasmin degradation showed equally inhibitory effects against fibrinogen to fibrin conversion by thrombin and fibrin monomer polymerization. The slow component of both was more inhibitory. Both fast and slow digestion products of tryptic hydrolysis inhibited thromboplastin generation and fibrinogen to fibrin conversion and fibrin monomer polymerization equally. The fast component of chymotrypsin hydrolysis showed greater inhibition against thromboplastin generation and fibrin monomer polymerization, than did the slow component. Only a slow moving (D) component was obtained with papain digestion. It had no inhibitory function against thromboplastin generation and only minimal effect against fibrin monomer polymerization. The mechanism of inhibition of the thromboplastin generation test by fibrinogen degradation products is a neutralization or inhibition of factor IX.
Différents états moléculaires du facteur II (prothrombine). Leur étude à l’aide de la staphylocoagulase et d’anticorps anti-facteur II
Authors: Josso F , Lavergne J. M , Gouault M , Prou-Wartelle Odette , Soulier J. P 
Published: June 2018

RésuméLa molécule de facteur II supporte au moins trois activités que l’on peut mesurer: une activité prothrombine (transformation en thrombine par la prothrombinase physiologique); une activité prothrombine-coagulase (transformation en thrombine-coagulase par la staphylocoagulase); une activité antigénique (réaction avec des anticorps spécifiques).Ces trois activités qui, habituellement, varient de façon parallèle dans des conditions physiologiques et pathologiques, ont été étudiées ici dans le plasma et le sérum de sujets traités par les antagonistes de la vitamine K. L’activité prothrombine est basse ; les activités prothrombine-coagulase et antigéniques du facteur II sont nettement supérieures à l’activité prothrombine, sans toutefois atteindre celles d’un plasma normal. Dans le sérum de ces sujets, il n’y a plus d’activité prothrombine mesurable tandis que persistent des taux élevés de prothrombine-coagulase et de facteur II antigénique. Les mêmes résultats ont été obtenus chez des sujets ayant un déficit en vitamine K d’origine non thérapeutique.Ces observations suggèrent qu’un défaut relatif en vitamine K entraîne la synthèse d’une molécule de facteur II anormale (précurseur de la prothrombine ou « préprothrombine »). Cette molécule n’est pas activable en thrombine par la prothrombinase physiologique mais possède les caractères antigéniques du facteur II et son aptitude à former de la thrombine-coagulase. Il semblerait ainsi que la vitamine K agisse à un stade tardif de la synthèse du facteur II.
A Circulating Anticoagulant Directed against Antihaemophilic Globulin (Factor VIII) Combined with Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Winckelmann G , Böttcher D , Groh R ,   with Technical Assistance by M. Rehe
Published: June 2018

SummaryA circulating anticoagulant directed against factor VIII (antihaemophilic globulin) is described which developed in association with thrombocytopenia in an otherwise apparently healthy woman. Inactivation of factor VIII by this inhibitor was shown to be progressive and temperature dependent. The circulating anticoagulant was not species specific and produced temporary factor VIII deficiency when injected into dogs. Administration of large doses of corticosteroids to the patient did not affect the factor VIII inhibitor and resulted only in a temporary increase in the platelet counts. In the course of subsequent immunosuppressive treatment with azathioprine, the inhibitor disappeared and clinical symptoms improved, whereas thrombocytopenia persisted.
Über den Einfluß zentralnervöser Irritation auf bestimmte Parameter der Blutgerinnung
Authors: Ströder J , Göltner E , Spuler O 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungUm den Einfluß zentralnervöser Irritation auf bestimmte Parameter der Blutgerinnung kennen zu lernen, werden geprüft:1. Der Einfluß einer Pneumenzephalographie bei zerebral geschädigten Kindern mit und ohne Anfälle : Ein Einfluß der Pneumenzephalographie auf die geprüften Parameter der Blutgerinnung findet sich nicht, auch ist kein Alterseinfluß auf das Verhalten der Gerinnungsfaktoren zu finden.2. Werden die Gerinnungsverhältnisse unmittelbar vor und nach stereotaktischen Koagulationen bei Erwachsenen geprüft: Die stereotaktischen Eingriffe ändern die Gerinnungsverhältnisse nicht bis auf den Fibrinogengehalt des Blutes, der 6 und 24 Std. nach der Operation noch signifikant erhöht ist. Alterseinflüsse bestehen nicht und es ist auch keine Korrelation zu den verschiedenen Krankheitsformen festzustellen, welche den stereotaktischen Eingriff notwendig machten. Zwischen Frauen und Männern besteht kein unterschiedliches Verhalten auf stereotaktische Operationen.3. Nach stereotaktischen Koagulationen des Zwischenhirns von Kaninchen fallen Prothrombin und die Faktoren X und V ab; Prothrombin sowie Faktor X erreichen 24 Std. nach dem Eingriff noch nicht ihre Ausgangswerte. Faktor V ist 24 Std. nach der Stereotaxie noch auf das Doppelte des Ausgangswertes angestiegen. Die geprüften Parameter der Blutgerinnung sind: Heparintoleranzzeit, Rekalzifizierungszeit, Prothrombin, Faktor VII, Stuart-Prower-Faktor, Faktor V, Quick-Wert, Antithrombin 2 sowie Fibrinogen.
Immune Reactions of Human Blood Platelets
Authors: Mueller-Eckhardt Ch , Lüscher E. F 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe effects of the SH-inhibitors monoiodoacetate (MIA) and N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) on washed human blood platelets and on reactions of the platelets with immune complexes and antiplatelet antisera were studied. The following results were obtained:1. In the concentration range from 0.01 to 1 mM, only MIA in the highest concentration had a direct effect on platelets, discernible by a small but significant release of adenine nucleotides.2. The reaction of human platelets with heterologous anti-platelet antisera, heat aggregated human gammaglobulin, and gammaglobulin-coated latex particles was inhibited by MIA in concentrations of 0.1 mM and by NEM in concentrations of 1 mM, and higher.3. The SH-inhibitors tested exerted their influence on the platelet and not on the immune agents.4. L-cysteine was unable to reverse the effect of the SH-inhibitors on platelets. If added at room temperature in equimolar amounts to MIA and NEM 10 min prior to their contact with platelets, it abolished the effect of NEM, but not of MIA.5. The inhibition by MIA and NEM of platelet reactions with a variety of immune agents is comparable to the impairment of thrombin-induced viscous metamorphosis by SH-blockers. The obtained results do not support the assumption that immune agents and thrombin react with different, SH-group-containing substrates on the platelet surface.
Immune Reactions of Human Blood Platelets
Authors: Mueller-Eckhardt Ch , Lüscher E. F 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe effect on human platelets of 2 endotoxin preparations (one had known Shwartzman-activity in rabbits, the other was not tested for its biological activity) was investigated in vitro. The following results were found:1. Endotoxin has no effect on washed human platelets suspended in isotonic, plasmafree buffer solution.2. Aggregation or release of adenine nucleotides from human platelets by endotoxin does also not occur if the platelets are suspended in coagulable, complement active, pooled human plasma or plasma fractions.3. Platelets pretreated with α-chymotrypsin do not show aggregation or release of nucleotides by endotoxin.4. The ability of human platelets to retract a fibrin clot is not disturbed by endotoxin. This excludes a functional platelet injury by endotoxin not detectable by aggregation or nucleotide release.5. There is no evidence for the assumption that the effect of endotoxin on platelets is transmitted by yet hypothetical, platelet-damaging mediator substances from leukocytes.6. These results suggest that an immunological injury of platelets by endotoxin comparable with the effect of immune complexes or aggregated gammaglobulin is highly improbable.