bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pemberdayaan Nelayan Lokal Indonesia Untuk Mengatasi Penyelundupan di Batam
Authors: Mada Kris 
Published: October 2018

AbstrakMengontrol laut berjuta kilometer persegi membuat Indonesia memiliki batas maritim besar. Dibutuhkan sumber daya yang sangat besar untuk mengontrol perbatasan maritim secara optimal. Pengawasan untuk memastikan perbatasan tidak digunakan sebagai lintasan perdagangan gelap, perdagangan narkotika, dan penyelundupan senjata. Sayangnya, Indonesia belum memiliki kekuatan pokok minimum untuk mengontrol batas-batasnya. Sumber daya yang terbatas tercermin dalam Direktorat Jenderal Bea dan Cukai (DJBC) Kantor Batam, Kepulauan Riau. Agen avant garde dalam pencegahan penyelundupan tidak memiliki cukup tenaga dan kapal untuk rutin berpatroli di sekitar Batam, kota per-batasan yang terletak di Indonesia, dan perbatasan Malaysia-Singapura. Akibatnya, Batam menjadi salah satu pintu masuk dan keluar dari berbagai selundupan. Oleh karena itu, keterlibatan aktor-aktor non-negara untuk menjadi salah satu alternatif untuk mengatasi penyelundupan. Salah satu aktor negara di Batam adalah pelaut Indonesia lokal yang memiliki lebih banyak orang dan kapal dari DJBC.Kata-kata kunci: penyelundupan, keamanan maritime, manajemen perbatasan, actor non Negara, pelaut local
AbstractControl million of square kilometres ocean making Indonesia has enormous maritime boundaries. It takes enormous resources to control the maritime border optimally. Supervision, apropos, to ensure the border is not used as the trajec-tory of illicit trade, narcotic trafficking, and arms smuggling. Unfortunately, Indonesia hasn�t had minimum essential force to control her boundaries yet. Limited resources was reflected in Directorate General of Custom and Excise (DGCE) Office Batam, Riau Islands. Avant garde agent in smuggling prevention does not have enough personnel and ships to routinely patrol around Batam, border city located in Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore boundaries. Conse-quently, Batam become one of the entrances and exits of various contraband. . Therefore, the involvement of non-state actors to be one alternative to overcome smuggling. One state actors in Batam is a local Indonesian seafarer who has more people and boats than DJBC.Keywords : smuggling, maritime security, boundaries management, non-state actors, local fisheries
Kerjasama Pengelolaan Perikanan Samudera Hindia Dalam Rezim Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC)
Authors: Anwar Soni Martin 
Published: October 2018

AbstrakNegara-negara di sekitar Samudera Hindia dihadapkan pada permasalahan perikanan yaitu berupa kegiatan penangkapan Ikan Tuna secara tidak sah (illegal), tidak dilaporkan (unreported) dan tidak sesuai dengan peraturan (unregulated) atau IUU fishing. Dari tahun ke tahun jumlah penangkapan Ikan Tuna di Samudera Hindia terus mengalami peningkatan seiring dengan meningkatnya kebutuhan masyarakat dunia terhadap daging Ikan Tuna. Hal inilah yang kemudian mendorong munculnya kegiatan penangkapan ikan IUU tersebut yang tentu saja memberikan dampak negatif terhadap ketersediaan dan kelestarian Ikan Tuna itu sendiri. Perbedaan kapasitas yang dimiliki negara-negara di sekitar wilayah Samudera Hindia atau negara-negara lain yang memiliki kepentingan di wilayah tersebut dalam menanggulangi masalah IUU telah mendorong negara-negara tersebut untuk membentuk rezim kerjasama perikanan regional melalui pembentukan Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC). Kerjasama ini diharapkan mampu menyelesaikan permasalahan kegiatan penangkapan Tuna secara IUU disamping pula permasalahan lain terkait pengelolaan dan konservasi Ikan Tuna di Samudera Hindia.Kata-kata kunci: kerjasama, rezim, perikanan tuna, IOTC, Samudera Hindia
AbstractThe countries in Indian Ocean has several fishing problems such as Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) Tuna fishing. Year by year Tuna fishing in Indian Ocean continue increase due to the increase of Tuna meat needed by people arround the world. This condition encourage the rise of IUU fishing that give a negative impact to the availability and conservation of the Tuna fish themself. The distinction of the countries capacity in Indian Ocean and another countries that have many interest and needed in that area has encourage those countries to establish regional cooperation regime in Tuna fishing through the establishment of Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC). This cooperation is expected to solve IUU fishing and also another problems in management and conservation of Tuna Fish in Indian Ocean.Keywords: cooperation, rezim, tuna fisheries, IOTC, Indian Ocean
Analisis Efektivitas G20 Dalam Menangani Krisis Finansial Tahun 2008
Authors: Utami Arum Tri 
Published: October 2018

AbstrakKrisis finansial 2008 menjadi sebuah permasalahan yang sulit dan menantang untuk diselesaikan, yang membawa pada pentingnya reformasi artsitektur tata kelola ekonomi global. G20 muncul sebagai sebuah tata kelola ekonomi global yang signfikan. Kedua puluh negara anggota G20 dapat mengambil peran yang signifikan dalam ekonomi glob-al. Berbagai upaya dikeluarkan oleh G20 dalam menyelesaikan krisis finansial 2008. Salah satu upayanya adalah dengan pemberian stimulus fiskal sebesar 2% dari PDB negara anggota G20. Kebijakan lainnya terus didorong oleh G20 untuk membuat aturan dan pengawasan yang efektif serta berbagai kebijakan sektor finansial lainnya. Efektivitas G20 dalam menyelesaikan krisis finansial G20 menjadi penting untuk dianalisa untuk membuat tata kelola ekonomi global yang lebih baik.Kata-Kata Kunci : G20, krisis finansial 2008, efektivitas, KTT G20
AbstractFinancial crisis 2008 posed a serious of deeper and more challenging problem, that led to calls for urgent reform of the architecture of global economic governance. G20 emerged as a significant global economic governance. The twenty members of G20 can take a significant role in economic global. Various efforts were made by G20 through policies resulted from the Summit. Those efforts include providing fiscal stimulus in the amount of 2% from GDP the member of G20. Other policies have been pushed by G20 to make an effective regulatory, supervisory and other financial sec-tor policies. The effectiveness of G20 in handling financial crisis 2008 was important to be analyzed to make a global economic governance will be better.Keywords : G20, financial crisis 2008, effectiveness, G20�s summit.
European Stability Mechanism Sebagai Upaya Uni Eropa Menangani Krisis Finansial Spanyol
Authors: Rahmanita Nidya , Miryanti Renny 
Published: October 2018

Global Financial Crisis has revealed major weakness in the design and implementation of the existing economic governance framework of the European Union. In addition, the first temporary fiscal backstop is EFSF (The European Financial Stability Facility) as a temporary crisis resolution mechanism by the Euro area Member States. In this case, The EFSF does not provide any further financial assistance, so the task of EFSF being replace by the new mechanism that includes the establishment of a permanent crisis management mechanism as the safeguard against imbalances in individual countries that is ESM (European Stability Mechanism).
Spain as one of the Eurozone Member States that fall on financial crisis caused by disproportionate growth in the real estate sector, along with the expansion of credit, on 25 June 2012 made an official request for financial assistance through ESM for its banking system. In accordance with MoU, Spain must conduct a structural adjustment program through identifying individual bank capital needs, recapitalising and restructuring.
PENERAPAN METODE SOSIODRAMA DALAM PROMOSI KESEHATAN TENTANG PENULARAN HIV/AIDS PADA IBU RUMAH TANGGA
Authors: Sukrillah Ulfah Agus 
Published: October 2018

Research backgroud: Kinds of methodsin health promotion to address the spread and transmission of HIV/AIDS has been applied to the society. The focus of today's HIV-AIDS is housewifes. Method of sociodrama about the transmission of HIV/AIDS aims to provide an understanding, appreciation and develop their ability to solve the problem of HIV/AIDS through role play.
The purpose ofthis research: is to determine the effect sociodrama in health promotion methods about transmission of HIV/AIDS towards housewives.
Research method: The methodused is quasie xperimental with pre and post-test with control group design, where it measures the difference between before and after intervention using control groups. The differences between before and after the intervention are assumed to bethe effect of the intervention.
The result of reserach: based on paired t test and independent t test both intervention group and control group before and after the treatment has p value (0,000) < a (0,05). It means that there was significant different in term of knowledge level between two groups.
Conclusion : there is significant difference between sociodrama method with the use of audio- visual media in the delivery of health promotion about the transmission of HIV / AIDS on housewife.
Determination of Relationship Between Lipid Peroxidation, Antioxidant Defence, Trace Elements and Hemorheology in COPD
Authors: Saribal Devrim , Hocaoglu-Emre F Sinem , Aydemir Birsen , Akyolcu Mehmet Can 
Published: October 2018

Background and objective: Oxidative stress has important role in pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). There are studies suggesting the role of increased oxidative stress and decreased antioxidants in COPD patients. The aim of this study was to assess the levels of oxidative and anti-oxidant system elements, serum concentrations of trace elements and blood viscosity in COPD patients.
Methods: Our study group consisted of 25 male patients with COPD, and 25 healthy non-smokers.
The lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) and anti-oxidant system elements superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Glutathione (GSH) were measured spectrophotometrically. Serum concentrations of Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn) and Iron (Fe) were determined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Additionally, we measured blood viscosity using a viscosimeter.
Results: Lipid peroxidation product MDA levels were found to be higher in plasma and erythrocytes. However GSH levels, SOD and Catalase enzyme activities were lower in erythrocytes of patient group than that of controls (p&lt;0,01). Fe and Zn levels were decreased, whereas Cu levels were increased in patient samples (p&lt;0,05; p&lt;0,01, respectvely). There was no statistically significant difference between plasma and blood viscosities.
Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that COPD leads to the lipid peroxidation in erythrocyte membrane, and decreased levels of anti-oxidant system elements. Serum trace element concentrations were found to be altered in COPD patients, suggesting their interaction with oxidant and anti-oxidant enzymes.
Removal of strontium from simulated low-level radioactive wastewater by nanofiltration
Authors: Chen Lifang , Bian Xiaokai , Lu Xiaofeng 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The performance of different nanofiltration (NF) membranes for the treatment of strontium-containing radioactive wastewater was investigated. The effects of the initial strontium concentration, solution pH and complexation phenomena on strontium removal were described. For all the three membranes, the strontium rejection increased with decreasing initial strontium concentration. Meanwhile, the strontium rejection was minimum at the membrane isoelectric point (pH 5) primarily due to decreased co-ion electrostatic repulsion. In the presence of a complexing agent (polyacrylic acid or ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt), the strontium rejection was generally higher than those obtained without a complexing agent for NF 270 and XN 45. Membrane cleaning experiments were also conducted to recover the performance of the membranes, which exhibited degradation during long-time filtration. The performance of the membranes after cleaning was close to that of the virgin membranes, especially for XN 45, whose recovery percentage was nearly 100%.
Lipids as Activators of Innate Immunity in Peptide Vaccine Delivery
Authors: Bartlett Stacey , Skwarczynski Mariusz , Toth Istvan 
Published: October 2018

Background:Innate immune system plays an important role in pathogen detection and the recognition of vaccines, mainly through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that identify pathogen components (danger signals). One of the typically recognised bacterial components are lipids in conjugation with peptides, proteins and saccharides. Lipidic compounds are readily recognised by the immune system, and thus are ideal candidates for peptide- based vaccine delivery. Thus, bacterial or synthetic lipids mixed with, or conjugated to, antigens have shown adjuvant properties. These systems have many advantages over traditional adjuvants, including low toxicity and good efficacy for stimulating mucosal and systemic immune responses.Methods:The most recent literature on the role of lipids in stimulation of immune responses was selected for this review. The vast majority of reviewed papers were published in the last decade. Older but significant findings are also cited.Results:This review focuses on the development of lipopeptide vaccine systems including application of palmitic acid, bacterial lipopeptides, glycolipids and the lipid core peptide and their routes of administration. The use of liposomes as a delivery system that incorporates lipopeptides is discussed. The review also includes a brief description of immune system in relation to vaccinology and discussion on vaccine delivery routes.Conclusion:Lipids and their conjugates are an ideal frontrunner in the development of safe and efficient vaccines for different immunisation routes.
Iron and Vitamin D/Calcium Deficiency after Gastric Bypass: Mechanisms Involved and Strategies to Improve Oral Supplement Disposition
Authors: Mangan Aisling , Le Roux Carel W. , Miller Nana Gletsu , Docherty Neil G. 
Published: October 2018

Background:Nutritional deficiencies are common following Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB). Aetiology is diverse; including non-compliance, altered diet, unresolved preoperative deficiency and differential degrees of post-operative malabsorption occurring as function of length of bypassed intestine. Iron and calcium/vitamin D deficiency occur in up to 50% of patients following RYGB. Currently, treatment strategies recommend the prescription of oral supplements for those who become deficient. Meanwhile, debate exists regarding the absorption capacity of these post-operatively and their efficacy in treating deficiency.Objective:To examine the disposition of oral iron and calcium/vitamin D supplementation following RYGB. Methods: A literature review was carried out using PubMed and Embase. Data from the key interventional studies investigating iron and calcium/vitamin D oral supplement absorption and efficacy following RYGB was summarized.Results:Absorption of both iron and vitamin D/calcium is adversely affected following RYGB. Distribution and metabolism may be altered by the predominance of paracellular absorption pathways which promote unregulated influx into the circulatory system. Overall, studies indicate that current supplementation strategies are efficacious to a degree in treating deficiency following RYGB, generally restoration of optimal status is not achieved.Conclusion:Oral supplement disposition is altered following RYGB. As a result, patients are required to take regimens of oral supplementation indefinitely. The dosage which confers optimum health benefit while avoiding potential toxicity and tolerability issues remains unknown. Novel preparations with improved disposition could help limit the extent of post-RYGB nutritional deficiencies.
Estimating the k-mer Coverage Frequencies in Genomic Datasets: A Comparative Assessment of the State-of-the-art
Authors: Manekar Swati C. , Sathe Shailesh R. 
Published: October 2018

Background:In bioinformatics, estimation of k-mer abundance histograms or just enumerating the number of unique k-mers and the number of singletons are desirable in many genome sequence analysis applications. The applications include predicting genome sizes, data pre-processing for de Bruijn graph assembly methods (tune runtime parameters for analysis tools), repeat detection, sequencing coverage estimation, measuring sequencing error rates, etc. Different methods for cardinality estimation in sequencing data have been developed in recent years.Objective:In this article, we present a comparative assessment of the different k-mer frequency estimation programs (ntCard, KmerGenie, KmerStream and Khmer (abundance-dist-single.py and unique-kmers.py) to assess their relative merits and demerits.Methods:Principally, the miscounts/error-rates of these tools are analyzed by rigorous experimental analysis for a varied range of k. We also present experimental results on runtime, scalability for larger datasets, memory, CPU utilization as well as parallelism of k-mer frequency estimation methods.Results:The results indicate that ntCard is more accurate in estimating F0, f1 and full k-mer abundance histograms compared with other methods. ntCard is the fastest but it has more memory requirements compared to KmerGenie.Conclusion:The results of this evaluation may serve as a roadmap to potential users and practitioners of streaming algorithms for estimating k-mer coverage frequencies, to assist them in identifying an appropriate method. Such results analysis also help researchers to discover remaining open research questions, effective combinations of existing techniques and possible avenues for future research.
Medical Perspective of Childhood Marriage in Nigeria: Body of Evidence from 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Alayande Audu , Bello-Garko Bahijjatu , Abubakar Zubaida , Kagara Hafsat , Nuhu Islamiyat A. 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Available data from South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa indicates that 12%
and 34% of girls were married at age 15years and 18years respectively. This practice of child marriage
may debar countries from achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.

Objective: To extract and present disaggregated indices in the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and
Health Survey (NDHS) on the effect of child marriage on health.

Method:
This desk review study extracted disaggregated maternal and child health indices on married
females aged 15-19 years from the 2013 NDHS.

Results:
The result showed that married females aged 15-19 years were short, thin, and least likely
to receive prophylactic Vitamin A dose postpartum and deworming medication at last pregnancy.
Also, while awareness for Family Planning (FP) was high, its utilization was poor at only 1.2%.
Their Antenatal clinic attendance, facility delivery, skilled birth attendance at delivery and post
natal service utilization were lowest.

Similarly, mortality of children under 5 was highest amongst these mothers. Although violence
during pregnancy was highest amongst this group, nevertheless more than 20% of them agreed that
the practice of female circumcision should be continued.

Conclusion:
These findings depict some of the negative outcomes of child marriage on maternal
and child survival which require integrated multisectoral interventions to ensure that all girls have
access to timely sexual reproductive health services and information.</P>
β-Sitosterol Oxides From the Dried Stem of Salix gilgiana Inhibit the Proliferation of HL-60 Leukemic Cells
Authors: Oyama Manami , Tokiwano Tetsuo , Ota Hiromi , Mizuno Kouichi , Oh Keimei , Kawaii Satoru , Yoshizawa Yuko 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Salix gilgiana is a deciduous tree that grows in northern Japan, the Korean
peninsula, eastern Russia along the Ussuri River, and northeast China. The stem of this tree is dried and
consumed orally as a folk medicine. Our intensive screening of various plant materials found that the
MeOH extract of its dried stem exhibited significant antiproliferative activity against HL-60 leukemic
cells with an IC50 of 16 ppm. We systematically investigated the biologically active compounds of the
MeOH extract of the dried stem of S. gilgiana.

Methods:
The MeOH extract of S. gilgiana dried stem was fractionated by a repeated chromatography
monitored by antiproliferative activity against HL-60 leukemic cells. Five active compounds were isolated
and the structures were elucidated by MS, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray analysis.

Results:
The active compounds were identified as 7-ketositosterol (I), 7β-hydroxysitosterol (II), 7α-
hydroxysitosterol (III), (4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol (IV), and (4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (V). The
strongest activity was found for 7α-hydroxysitosterol (III), with an IC50 of 8.4 µM. This is the first
report of the isolation of these compounds from S. gilgiana.

Conclusion:
Five compounds were isolated by a repeated chromatography under the guidance of antiproliferative
bioassay using HL-60. The structures were identified as three β-sitosterol oxides and two
phenolic compounds. Since Salix species, namely, willow trees, have beneficial characteristics including
rapid growth, easy cloning, and resistance to high humidity and dryness, they may be utilized as a relatively
inexpensive tool for the efficient production of useful bioactive materials.
An Integrated Chikungunya Virus Database to Facilitate Therapeutic Analysis: ChkVDb
Authors: Narang Priya , Dangi Mehak , Sharma Deepak , Khichi Alka , Chhillar Anil Kumar 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Chikungunya infection flare-ups have manifested in nations of Africa,
Asia, and Europe including Indian and Pacific seas. It causes fever and different side effects
include muscle torment, migraine, sickness, exhaustion and rash. It has turned into another,
startling general medical issue in numerous tropical African and Asian countries and is presently
being viewed as a genuine risk. No antiviral treatment or vaccine is yet available for this ailment.
The current treatment is centered just on mitigating its side effects.

Objective:
The objective was to encourage the study on this viral pathogen, by the development of
a database dedicated to Chikungunya Virus, that annotates and unifies the related data from
various resources.
associations while known disease-lncRNA associations are required only.

Method:
It undertook a consolidated approach for Chikungunya Virus genomic, proteomic,
phylogenetics and therapeutic learning, involving the entire genome sequences and their
annotation utilizing different in silico tools. Annotation included the information for CpG Island,
usage bias, codon context and phylogenetic analysis at both the genome and proteome levels.

Results:
This database incorporates information of 41 strains of virus causing Chikungunya
infection that can be accessed conveniently as well as downloaded effortlessly. Therapeutics
section of this database contains data about B and T cell Epitopes, siRNAs and miRNAs that can
be used as potential therapeutic targets.

Conclusion:
This database can be explored by specialists and established researchers around the
world to assist their research on this non-treatable virus. It is a public database available from
“www.chkv.in”.</P>