bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Island as a memorial site in the sacral landscape of the Arctic regions of the Russian North
Authors: Tamitskiy A M , Terebikhin N M 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSacral localities along with the works (monuments) of hierotopic art intrinsic to them hold the most prominent positions in the hierarchy of landmark places and constitute the backbone of establishment (elaboration) of the remembrance landscapes for local and ethnic communities in the Arctic Regions of the Russian North. Sacral topoi are the focal points for storage and transfer of the ultimate, comprehensive and innermost knowledge (memory) of all aspects and modalities of the universe constitution. Fundamental memorability of a sacred place is determined by its appeal to metaphysics, to the origins and the arche, the principles and foundations of existence, as well as by its commitment to the supertemporal rhythms ofremembering the eternal(eternal memory represented in the chronotope of themyth of eternal return). The system of sacral places serving as the sacred framework of the remembrance landscape for the Arctic peoples places special emphasis to the topos of the island which becamethe protosymbol of the Russian civilizationdue to its powerful numinous potential and semiotic status. This research was conducted in reliance upon folklore and ethnographic materials as well as ecclesiastical and historical sources revealing the semiotics and commemorative generating potential of theisland developmental sitein the sacral landscape of the Russian North Arctic regions. Studying the island topos as a place of remembrance in the sacral landscape of the Arctic territories and aquatic areas allows for the conclusion that all cult sites and sanctuaries of the northern indigenous peoples (the Sami, the Nenets and the Vepsians), as well as all the monuments of the orthodox hierotopy specific for the island territories of the Russian North, manifest themselves as eternal keepers of enduring values, commandments and implications of human existence in the sacred space of the high latitudes.
Prerequisites and innovative aspects of Arctic tourism development
Authors: Kuchumov A V , Testina Ya S , Boykova Yu M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Nowadays, the study of the Arctic region highlights, and countries show increasingly greater attention in the developing of Arctic zone. Every country, that owns even a small territory in the Arctic region, tries to use this opportunity to develop tourism and drawing of tourist’s attention. Recently, the question of developing tourism in Arctic is risen more often. Tourism can become a major industry for the regions of Russian North, comparable with the transport or producing sectors. The article shows the Arctic zone as a promising region for the development in the tourist sector. It analyses the legislation documents, which characterize the regulation of activities in the Arctic at the international level. It was found out that the analyzed documents do relate to the activities of enterprises of the tourism industry in the Arctic only indirectly. Based on the analysis the development of legal and methodological documents regulating the tourism industry at the international and regional levels was proposed. In the article, based on an analysis of the structure of tourist flows in the Arctic countries and the structure of tourist routes presented in the Arctic regions of Russia, it was concluded that it is necessary to support regional development. For effective distribution of financial support, it is recommended to use the “Arctic tourism index” as an optimal mechanism for reflecting the overall development of the regions in the tourism industry, taking into account the existing socio-economic conditions. “Arctic tourism index” should become an approved assessment tool that characterizes the participants of the tourism market in the Arctic not only in the Russian Federation, but also at the international level.
Museum of Geology and Mineralogy of I.V. Bel’kov (Geological Institute of the KSC RAS): on the threshold of the 90th anniversary
Authors: Kompanchenko A A , Yu Sidorov M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Musium of Geology and Mineralogy of I.V. Bel’kov of the Geological Institute (GI) of the Kola Science Centre of the RAS is located in Apatity city, Murmansk region, in the FRC KSC RAS building. Officially, the Museum GI was created in 1957, although it has been leading its history since the 30s of 20th century. The history of the Museum is closely connected with the names of such outstanding researchers of the Kola North as academician A. E. Fersman and doctor of geological and mineralogical sciences I. V. Bel’kov. In 2009, the Museum was named after I. V. Bel’kov. The exposition of the Museum is the most complete collection of minerals and rocks of the Kola region. Among them are rare and new minerals, which are unique in their assiciation, forms of crystal, sizes and beauty of colors. This give a great value to the collections and arouse great interest of visitors. Samles of minerals and rock come to Museum from different geological objects in the Kola region exclusively: Khibiny and Lovozero, Kovdor, Keivy, Pechenga etc. The presented samples of minerals, rocks and ores allow us to estimate the richness and diversity of the stone world of the Kola region. The Museum workers are engaged not only in accounting, but also in scientific and educational activities. Constant work with old collections leads to the discovery of previously unknown minerals in the region, and with the participation of employees of the GI CSC RAS, new mineral species are discovered. Every five years there is a “Catalogue of mineral species of the Kola region”, which is constantly updated. In 2020, it will be 90 years since the formation of the first Museum of geology and mineralogy in the Kola region.
Arrest of ships in the legislation of Arctic region countries: the USA and Canada
Authors: Vlasov A , Buev S 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In connection with the development of international shipping, the arrest of seagoing ships is becoming even more important from a political and economic point of view. The arrest of the vessel, the cost of its maintenance in a foreign port, penalties, lack of cargo turnover lead to economic losses of tens of thousands of dollars a day. The arrest of the ship attracts the attention of state bodies and direct participants in the maritime enterprises, which should include shipowners, insurers, and charterers. In connection with the precedents of violations and unjustified arrests of courts, legal issues are becoming increasingly important. The legal procedure related to the arrest of a vessel is one of the most complex areas of the law of the sea. The law of the sea is usually divided into the international public law and the international private law. At the same time, public law is regulated by the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. A large number of international declarations devoted to the relationship of states at sea. A special International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea has been created, the competence of which includes issues in the field of shipping. However, we hear again and again in the news about the arrest of ships and the problems of crew members arising in connection with this. As part of this work, an analysis was made of the current legislation of the countries of the Arctic region regarding the arrest of ships. A comparative legal method of scientific research was applied in the work; the following countries were considered: the USA and Canada. The features and practice of the application of the law in North American countries, their similarities and differences are shown. Legal analysis showed that in the United States and Canada there is no uniform approach to the procedure and the grounds for the arrest of seagoing ships. According to the results of the study, legal norms and grounds were established, within the framework of which the vessel can be arrested while in territorial sea, the exclusive economic zone or in the ports of these countries. Based on the analysis, it was concluded that, in international practice, it would be expedient to unite the provisions of the three conventions regarding the arrest of seagoing ships, and by unifying maritime requirements, develop a unified Convention on the arrest of seagoing ships.
Multispectral image processing algorithms for enhanced vision systems in the Arctic
Authors: Kirillov S N , Pokrovskij P S , Baukov A A , Skonnikov P N 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The issues of enhanced vision multispectral systems application for robotic complexes control in the Arctic are considered. The existing contrast enhancement methods are observed. Probability characteristics of images being subject to contrast enhancement parameters are estimated. Based on these characteristics, the authors concluded that image areas requiring the greatest contrast enhancement are the areas with low saturation and magnitude gradients, at certain brightness values. Image quality improvement method is proposed. It performs processing only in the areas where it is necessary to enhance the contrast, practically without affecting the most homogeneous or structured image parts. The processed image saturation remains due to the processing of both luminance channel and saturation channel. The algorithm proposed also provides contrast enhancement of shaded image areas. The calculated values of various objective image quality indices indicate that the contrast enhancement algorithm proposed provides better results than known approaches. In addition, different spectral range image fusion algorithm ensuring visibility in the presence of interfering factors is proposed. It differs from known methods by adaptive weight adjustment in different areas of image. The example confirming the effectiveness of the fusion method proposed is shown. For its comparison with known methods, the values of fusion objective quality indices are calculated. The fusion algorithm proposed is shown to surpass known methods by various quality assessments. The conclusion about the expediency of using the algorithms developed in technical vision systems of robotic complexes in the Arctic is made.
Development of a Geoinformation System for the Design of Wind Power Facilities in the Russian Arctic Conditions
Authors: Elistratov V V , Bogun I V , Kasina V I 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The purpose of the work was to develop the geographic information system (GIS) for the design of wind power facilities in the Russian Arctic conditions, determine its structure and application area, taking into account climatic, topographic, geological, and other features in autonomous regions with extreme temperature values. Such a detailed research is carried out in order to design economically viable renewable energy facilities, reducing regional subsidies and the cost of electricity, as well as to determine the optimal location for the construction of energy complexes.
Analysis of the energy supply systems state in the Arctic regions showed that the main problem is the annual increase in the cost of electricity, which is caused by the limited transport accessibility for the diesel fuel (DF) delivery. An effective solution to the problems associated with improving the reliability of power supply, reducing the cost of electricity, as well as increasing environmental safety for the power supply of decentralized Russian regions with a high wind energy potential is building new wind-diesel power plants (WDPP) and modernization of the existing diesel power plants (DPP) for creation WDPP energy complexes (EC).
Grounding device for electrical networks and electrical installations in the Arctic regions
Authors: Mankov V , Efremov S , Monashkov V 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The article is devoted to the features of the system grounding and device of electrical networks (EN) and electrical installations (EI) in the continental zone of the Arctic. The traditional grounding devices providing grounding of EN and EI in the Arctic regions are ineffective or their device is impossible. These conclusions are defined by parameters of climate and properties of soil in the considered zone. The most important parameters of climate are a wide year temperature difference and big depths of soil frost penetration caused by it. Soil has very high electrical resistance and has the big hardness and density. During the cold period which has big duration (up to nine and more months) there is a soil frost penetration on tens of meters, forming areas of so-called permafrost. The conditions listed above make very difficult or impossible the use of traditional ways of the protective grounding device according to regulatory requirements. Methods of researches for the Arctic zone soil such as a method of a trial electrode and vertical electric sounding are described. Their advantages, shortcomings and application conditions are given. Special ways of the device of protective grounding such as natural grounding conductors, chemical, deep laying, portable, with application of a way of warming of a surface and zone around grounding conductors, ways of special processing of soil are offered. Conditions of their application and feature of the device are given. Each of the offered ways has restrictions of field of use. So, for example, natural grounding conductors are possible in the presence of reinforced concrete foundations. Justifications for using certain materials for grounding conductors are given in the work. Coverings are suitable for soil conditions of the Arctic copper or zinc. The usage of copperplated steel grounding conductors is possible.
Long-term forecasts of the oil and gas Arctic shelf development: the existing methodical approaches and assessment of a possibility of their application
Authors: Chanysheva A F , Ilinova A A , Solovyova V M , Cherepovitsyn A E 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The problem of the development of offshore oil and gas Arctic projects has risen recently due to the depletion of traditional overland oil and gas fields, as well as the discovery of significant hydrocarbon reserves in the Arctic seas and the strategic importance of the development of that zone for the Russian Federation. The decision-making process associated with the development of these projects takes place in high level of uncertainty of external environment. Consequently, existing tools and methods of forecasting the prospects of the projects are hardly applicable due to its specificity. This article presents a special approach for assessing the prospects of oil and gas offshore Arctic projects. It consists of a theoretical base, which is the newly developed TESCIMP-methodology, practical tools for implementing it, as well as a complex approach for the assessment. The research is segmented into four stages: the analysis of the factors influencing project’s prospects as well as the key pros and cons for developing it, a two-dimensional classification of specific indicators which allocates essential and stimulating ones and forecasting the prospects of the project, identification of projects’ levels which implies the selection of appropriate TESCIMP-factors. The indicators within those factors underlie practical tools of checklist and expert surveys that help evaluate the projects’ prospects. The last stage proposes a complex approach for a further assessment, which consists of three steps and based on the combination of expert surveys and statistical methods.
Social and Islamic diffusion in the Nordic countries with the example of Sweden by year 2050
Authors: Yu Eidemiller K , Samylovskaya E A , A Kudryavtseva R-E , Alakshin A E 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to study the Muslim migration flow on the territory of Northern Europe in the last quarter of XX – first half of XXI centuries, the analysis of pattern and genesis of a new geopolitical reality in the region on the example of Sweden, as applied to its state by year 2050. In the process of writing the paper, the authors relied on advanced achievements of scientific thought, described in geographers’ fundamental research (the study was based on the theory of innovations’ diffusion by a Swedish geographer T. Hagerstrand), in sociologists’ works (theory of innovations’ diffusion by G. Tarde and E. Rogers), historians, anthropologists, economists and philosophers’ research. It is the example of Sweden which fully illustrates the paradox of the whole situation and, at the same time, allows to make the main conclusion on the basis of the study conducted in this paper. Thus, in 1975, the Muslim population of the Kingdom was 0.25%; in 2017, according to official data, every tenth citizen is Muslim. Currently, in 2019, Sweden only has a Muslim population exceeding five populations of Iceland. If the same trend continues (without repetition of the European migration crisis of 2015), by 2025-2027 every fifth, and by 2035-2040 every fourth citizen will be Muslim (Fig. 1-9 illustrate this idea). We have studied, analyzed and presented all stages of migration processes development in Sweden from 1995 to 2020 on the generalized cartographic material and predicted it for the period from 2020 to 2050, respectively. By 2020, the Muslim population of Sweden will be more than 20%. This migration diffusion will affect, first of all, 13 of the 25 largest municipalities, where the ethnic, autochthonous Swedish population will appear the minority. And in just a few years, the same situation will happen in the remaining three largest municipalities: Westeros, Orebro and Norrköping. 70% of Stockholm’s residents and every second resident of southern Sweden will be Muslims. By 2050, it is possible to split the Muslim part of Sweden, up to the administrative and territorial change of interstate borders, especially between Sweden and Denmark, where a Muslim agglomeration has already been formed between Copenhagen and Malmö.
The Islamic Community and Islamic problematics in domestic politics of Iceland (2000-2015) exemplified by the construction project of the Grand Mosque of Reykjavik
Authors: Kulik S V , Baranova T A , Bylya K N , Sosnina M N 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The paper considers the problems faced by the Muslim population of Iceland in their attempts to exercise their basic rights, such as the practice of religious worship. Despite the fact that the Muslim community of Iceland is rather small, its presence is a serious irritating factor for the internal political field of Iceland, which is clearly demonstrated by the long history of the attempt to build the Grand Mosque of Reykjavik - the need for construction of which became apparent at the end of the 20th century, but the project has not been implemented to this day, due to constant opposition from the public and even local authorities. Today, the Muslim community is so negatively perceived by the Icelandic society that some politicians have made it an instrument of political struggle, and social surveys of the Muslim population show that they are often discriminated, especially in attempts to find a successful job. In Iceland, the Muslim population is now more criticized than in any other European country - this criticism is based mainly on prejudice and only intensified because of terrorist acts committed by Islamists factions in the world. The study contains disappointing conclusions that the Icelandic society in many ways tries to isolate itself from Muslims and fears that their presence may affect the cultural, economic, political life and transformation of the space in the country, which leads to a lot of discussions and polemics about the role of Muslims in the Nordic countries.
The northern dimension: The problem of spatial development and the capabilities of online technology
Authors: Glukhov V V , Tukkel I L 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Digital technologies have permeated all aspects of our lives, transforming research, organizational, and business processes as well as the ways suppliers and consumers of goods and services communicate. The level of territorial development in high latitudes, including the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, is uneven. However, what is common for low-population and remote areas is the lack of units for generating knowledge and scientific and educational potential, which are theoretically necessary for building innovative systems. The presented study provides statistics that characterize the knowledge-generating potential of the Arctic territories of the Russian Federation. The technological capabilities of the 21st century make it possible to find a solution for innovative, efficient development of such territories. The authors propose a structure for multi-agent geographically distributed cooperation between the subdivisions of a single team. The localized part of the team (local agents) identifies the problem and finds agents (the remote part of the team) that can offer a globally competitive technology. The latter generally include competence centers and centers of excellence located in other territories. Then, both parts of the team glocalize the solution. The technical framework of multi-agent geographically distributed cooperation involves using online technology to organize synchronous, real-time messaging via digital information channels. This creates a fundamentally different approach to spatial development design. The online, real-time design process is organized through the interaction between the local agent and the remote agents. The result is the implementation of an efficient territorial development model: development as mastering– management – resources – hierarchy of authority – customization. Efficient operation of the localized part of a geographically distributed system requires an adequate infrastructure. Therefore, the authors aim to optimize the functional completeness of the infrastructure.
Human capital of the Arctic: problems and development prospects
Authors: Korchak E A , Serova N A , Emelyanova E E , Yakovchuk A A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The goal of the present research is to make comparative analysis of the development of human capital of circumpolar countries as the primary factor of sustainable development of the Arctic regions. In the context of Russia’s Arctic policy formation, the study of foreign countries experience in the development of human capital in the Arctic territories is seen by us particularly topical. In the course of the study, the main characteristics of the Arctic territories of the circumpolar states were identified, and their specific characteristics were determined. These include low population density, uncomfortable weather and climatic conditions, inaccessibility and farness of settlements from economic and administrative centres, the raw material orientation and non-diversified nature of the economy. The multidirectional migration processes, as well as migration influence on the characteristics of the population and, hence, on the structure and quality of human capital were determined as essential features of the territorial development of circumpolar countries. The main problems of the qualitative accumulation and effective use of human capital in the Arctic territories of the circumpolar countries, the key of which is the phenomenon of unemployment, were revealed. For the Arctic territories of Russia, poverty of the population, a high proportion of poor families with children, and low life expectancy have been were defined as a threat to the degradation of human capital. The general strategic lines of circumpolar states in the development of the Arctic territories which are relevant for the Russian state regulation of the development of the Arctic territories were determined. The study was carried out within the framework of project AAAA-A18-118051590118-0 “Comprehensive interdisciplinary research and economic and mathematical modeling of the socio-economic transformation and management of regions and municipalities of the North-Arctic territories of Russia”.