bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants and consequences of financial distress: review of the empirical literature
Authors: Habib Ahsan , Costa Mabel D' , Huang Hedy Jiaying , Bhuiyan Md. Borhan Uddin , Sun Li 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe synthesise the empirical literature on the determinants and consequences of financial distress, critique the findings and offer suggestions for future research. We categorise these indicators into (i) firm‐level fundamental determinants, (ii) macroeconomic determinants and (iii) firm‐level corporate governance determinants. We categorise the consequences into (i) financial reporting and auditing consequences, (ii) firm‐level operational consequences, (iii) capital market consequences and (iv) corporate governance consequences. We suggest that future research can make a more meaningful contribution, by developing more comprehensive models of predicting financial distress which will entail a departure from the current partial analysis to a more holistic complex analysis.
Alcohol‐induced cognitive deficits are associated with decreased circulating levels of the neurotrophin BDNF in humans and rats
Authors: Silva‐Peña Daniel , García‐Marchena Nuria , Alén Francisco , Araos Pedro , Rivera Patricia , Vargas Antonio , García‐Fernández María Inmaculada , Martín‐Velasco Ana Isabel , Villanúa María Ángeles , Castilla‐Ortega Estela , Santín Luis , Pavón Francisco Javier , Serrano Antonia , Rubio Gabriel , Rodríguez de Fonseca Fernando , Suárez Juan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractChronic alcohol consumption is associated with neurocognitive and memory deficits, dramatically affecting plasticity and connectivity, with maximal expression as dementia. Neurotrophic factors may contribute to alcohol‐related cognitive decline. For further investigation, a cross‐sectional study was performed to evaluate the association of cognitive impairment, by using frontal assessment battery, and memory loss, using memory failures everyday, with the circulating levels of the neurotrophin brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin 3 (NT‐3) in abstinent subjects with alcohol use disorders (AUDs, N = 58, average of 17.9 years of problematic use and 4.3 months of abstinence) compared with healthy control subjects (N = 22). This association was also explored in a pre‐clinical model of adolescent rats chronically exposed to alcohol up to adulthood (~77 days old) in a three‐bottle free‐choice (5–10–20 percent), repeated abstinence and relapse paradigm. AUD subjects had low educational level and cognitive impairment associated with teenage consumption and lower circulating levels of BDNF and NT‐3. Only BDNF concentration showed a positive correlation with frontal assessment battery in AUD patients. In the ethanol‐exposed rats, the plasma levels of BDNF and NT‐3 were also decreased, and a negative correlation between hippocampal Bdnf mRNA levels and recognition memory was found. The ethanol‐exposed rat hippocampus showed a decrease in the mRNA levels of neurotrophic (Bdnf and Ntf‐3) and neurogenic (Mki67, Sox2, Dcx, Ncam1 and Calb1) factors, associated to a deactivation of the neurogenic regulator mitogen‐activated protein kinase extracellular signal‐regulated kinase. Results suggest a relevant role of BDNF/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 2 signaling in alcohol‐induced cognitive impairment and suggest that early alcohol exposure‐derived effects on cognition are associated with neurotrophin signaling deficits.
Consumption dynamics in inverse demand systems: an application to meat and fish demand in Korea
Authors: Wong K. K. Gary , Park Hoanjae 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this study, meat and fish consumption is depicted in the form of inverse demand systems taking into consideration the intertemporal consumption behavior presented in the data. The concept of intertemporal two‐stage budgeting process is applied to this system which explicitly incorporates intertemporal consumption behavior as summarized by the Euler equation. Results based on Korean meat and fish products indicate that the proposed method is promising. Furthermore, the prices of meat and fish are quantity inflexible while the prices of beef and pork are sensitive to changes in consumption scale.
Too frail for surgery? A frailty index in major colorectal surgery
Authors: Crozier‐Shaw Geoff , Joyce William P. 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundFrailty is defined as increased vulnerability from accumulating morbidities in multiple organ systems. Evidence suggests frailty indices predict surgical outcomes in elderly patients. We assessed the validity of a frailty index in predicting post‐operative outcomes in major colorectal surgery.MethodsA retrospective review of a prospective database was studied. Patients aged less than 65 years were excluded. Patients were assessed using a validated National Surgical Quality Improvement Program frailty index. Endpoints included intensive care unit (ICU) stay, post‐operative complications and 30‐day post‐operative mortality, and also compared using American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade and P‐Possum CR.ResultsOf the 205 patients, 43 (21%) were frail and 162 (79%) were not frail. Seven percent of frail patients required ICU stay compared with 6% non‐frail patients (P > 0.05, NS). P‐Possum in frail versus non‐frail groups in ICU was 48% versus 8.6% (P < 0.05). Forty percent of frail and 26% non‐frail patients developed post‐operative complications (P > 0.05, NS) with mean P‐Possum of 23% versus 12% in these groups, respectively (P < 0.05). Five percent of frail patients and 2.5% non‐frail patients died within 30 days of surgery (P > 0.05, NS) with a mean P‐Possum of 43% versus 7% in these groups, respectively (P > 0.05, NS).ConclusionsThese data demonstrate that frail patients who developed complications, died within 30 days and required admission to ICU had significantly higher P‐Possum CR scores. However, the P‐Possum CR score is a superior predictor of post‐operative outcomes than frailty index alone.
Impact of an acute surgical unit on outcomes in acute cholecystitis
Authors: Bazzi Zacharia T. , Kinnear Ned , Bazzi Ciara S. , Hennessey Derek , Henneberg Maciej , Otto Greg 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundThe acute surgical unit (ASU) model has been associated with improved outcomes for emergency general surgical patients. Few Australasian studies have investigated patients with cholecystitis and none from South Australia.MethodsA retrospective cohort study compared patients admitted to our institution with acute cholecystitis during the 2 years before (traditional period) and after (ASU period) introduction of an ASU on 1 August 2012. Primary outcomes were length of stay, rates of definitive surgery on index admission, time to definitive surgery and proportion of cases performed in‐hours. Secondary outcomes were time from emergency department referral to admission, time from radiologically confirmed diagnosis to theatre start, rates of conversion to open cholecystectomy, complications and cholelithiasis‐related representations while awaiting definitive procedure.ResultsA total of 319 patients met the inclusion criteria; 172 and 147 pre‐ and post‐ASU introduction, respectively. Compared with the traditional period, ASU patients had shorter length of stay (3.80 versus 2.83 days, P < 0.0001), higher rates of surgery on index admission (70.9% versus 95.3%, P < 0.0001), shorter time to definitive surgery (28.1 versus 22.1 days, P < 0.001), lower rates of conversion to open cholecystectomy (18.0% versus 7.1%, P = 0.007) and fewer complications (24.4% versus 6.1%, P < 0.0001). Other outcomes were not significantly different.ConclusionIntroduction of an ASU was associated with superior outcomes amongst patients admitted with acute cholecystitis. These findings extend the literature in support of the current model of care.
Using technology to develop teachers as designers of TEL: Evaluating the learning designer
Authors: Laurillard Diana , Kennedy Eileen , Charlton Patricia , Wild Joanna , Dimakopoulos Dionisis 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis paper reports on an iterative design‐based research project to develop an online design tool (the Learning Designer) to support “teachers as designers.” The aim is to evaluate the potential of the tool to develop and support a knowledge‐building teaching professional community. The Learning Designer was embedded and evaluated through international online “design challenge” events, and a series of MOOCs, providing both quantitative and qualitative data. Findings indicate that the Learning Designer enables an online community of teachers from across the K‐12, further and higher education sectors (~400 per day) to build and share their developing knowledge of learning design, and that this would be strengthened by further functionality to support collaboration and peer review of the learning designs created. The research shows how digital technology could bring about large‐scale improvements in teacher professional development of TEL. The paper concludes with users’ priorities for new features to mobilise community knowledge via large‐scale professional development of teachers as innovative TEL designers.
Fast Corotated FEM using Operator Splitting
Authors: Kugelstadt T. , Koschier D. , Bender J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this paper we present a novel operator splitting approach for corotated FEM simulations. The deformation energy of the corotated linear material model consists of two additive terms. The first term models stretching in the individual spatial directions and the second term describes resistance to volume changes. By formulating the backward Euler time integration scheme as an optimization problem, we show that the first term is invariant to rotations. This allows us to use an operator splitting approach and to solve both terms individually with different numerical methods. The stretching part is solved accurately with an optimization integrator, which can be done very efficiently because the system matrix is constant over time such that its Cholesky factorization can be precomputed. The volume term is solved approximately by using the compliant constraints method and Gauss‐Seidel iterations. Further, we introduce the analytic polar decomposition which allows us to speed up the extraction of the rotational part of the deformation gradient and to recover inverted elements. Finally, this results in an extremely fast and robust simulation method with high visual quality that outperforms standard corotated FEMs by more than two orders of magnitude and even the fast but inaccurate PBD and shape matching methods by more than one order of magnitude without having their typical drawbacks. This enables a very efficient simulation of complex scenes containing more than a million elements.
Behaviour, escapement and mortality of female European silver eels within a regulated lowland river draining into the Baltic Sea
Authors: Frankowski Jens , Dorow Malte , Juenger Jakob , Reckordt Melanie , Schulz Steffen , Ubl Claus , Winkler Helmut 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMigration patterns of 146 female silver eels on their way through fresh and brackish water stretches of the Warnow River into the Baltic Sea were studied using acoustic telemetry. The majority of eels (77%) regained their expected downstream migration behaviour after a median rehabilitation time of 2 days. Positive rheotactic behaviour was observed for 23% of tagged eels after release, probably influenced by experimental procedures. The observed silver eel escapement rate was 63%. Two migratory groups were classified by significantly different migratory speed, time of residence in brackish waters and biometric silvering characteristics. Although the classification of silvering stages is based on these measures, the proportions of these stages did not reflect the observed differences in migratory behaviour. In the context of a permanent silver eel descent in the freshwater part of the Warnow River, a permanent escapement was likewise occurring into the Baltic Sea.
Hypertensive organ damage predicts future cognitive performance: A 9‐year follow‐up study in patients with hypertension
Authors: Uiterwijk Renske , Staals Julie , Huijts Marjolein , van Kuijk Sander M. J. , de Leeuw Peter W. , Kroon Abraham A. , van Oostenbrugge Robert J. 
Published: September 2018

Hypertension is associated with cognitive deficits, probably caused by cerebral small vessel disease. The authors examined whether additional presence of cardiac and renal organ damages, and their combined presence, are associated with future cognitive performance. In 78 patients with essential hypertension (mean age 51.2 ± 12.0 years), brain damage was determined by MRI features, cardiac damage by left ventricular mass index (LVMI), and renal damage by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria. At 9‐year follow‐up, neuropsychological assessment was performed. LVMI was associated with future lower cognition (P = 0.032), independent of age, sex, premorbid cognition, and brain damage, but eGFR and albuminuria were not. The presence of 2 or 3 types of organ damage compared to none was associated with future lower cognition. Increasing number of hypertensive organ damages, and cardiac damage independently of brain damage, might indicate a more severe hypertensive disease burden and could help to identify patients at risk of cognitive problems.
Preferences, Power and Institutions in 21st‐century Europe
Authors: Moravcsik Andrew 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAfter twenty‐five years, few scholars still dispute the leading role of Liberal Intergovernmentalism (LI) in theorizing EU history. Yet some question whether it can explain Europe's recent evolution. This article argues that LI retains its place as a ‘baseline’ integration theory. It is uniquely able to provide credible micro‐foundations of EU decision‐making, which even theories ostensibly critical of LI borrow. It offers a richer set of innovative opportunities for forward‐looking extension than is often thought. Compared to competitors such as Post‐Functionalism and Historical Institutionalism, LI generates more consistently satisfying empirical accounts of recent EU policy‐making, particularly with regard to the outcomes that ultimately matter most, namely substantive policies. And it remains a trustworthy guide to normative evaluation, for example on the issue of democratic legitimacy. The future of integration theory lies in creatively elaborating LI and, where possible, crafting more rigorous syntheses with alternative accounts.
Importance of trap liner adhesive selection for male moth catch (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) with bisexual attractants
Authors: Knight Alan L. , Stewart William , Basoalto Esteban 
Published: September 2018

AbstractStudies compared moth captures of three pests (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) of apple, Malus domestica Borkhausen, in delta traps using removable liners coated with either a sticky gel (SG) or a hot‐melt pressure sensitive (HMPS) adhesive. Laboratory and field studies with Cydia pomonella (L.), Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) and Grapholita molesta (Busck) demonstrated that traps with either liner, baited with a pair of virgin females catch males, but at significantly different levels. In the field, male moth captures in traps with the HMPS liner were significantly greater than in traps with the SG liner for C. rosaceana, and G. molesta; but not for C. pomonella. Similar results were observed in laboratory studies using flight tunnels. Additional studies demonstrated that this difference in moth captures between liners was not due to levels of female mortality, but instead was correlated with the occurrence of the female's ventral abdominal surface becoming stuck in the adhesive. Studies showed that a significantly greater proportion of females of all species had their ventral abdomen stuck in the SG than HPMS adhesive on day 1, but only G. molesta and C. rosaceana on day 3. In addition, the tackiness of the two adhesives affected moth movement on the liner with males and females of all species moving farther on liners with SG than HMPS adhesive. A greater proportion of female G. molesta and C. pomonella were either stuck supined or laterally on the SG than HMPS adhesive, and females in this position captured as many males as when prone and unstuck on the liner. Our studies demonstrate that adhesives can secondarily influence male moth captures on trap liners when used with bisexual attractants, and that adhesive type should be considered when developing action thresholds.
Artificial neural network for prediction of dielectric properties relevant to microwave processing of fruit juice
Authors: Kubo M. T. K. , Curet S. , Augusto P. E. D. , Boillereaux L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDielectric properties are fundamental parameters to determine the heating behavior of food products using microwaves. Determining and modeling these properties as a function of process conditions and product composition is required to be implemented in Multiphysics modeling, in which heat transfer and electromagnetic aspects are solved, allowing the characterizing and optimization of microwave processing. This work evaluates the dielectric properties of model fruit juice solutions at concentrations ranging from 5 to 65°Brix. Measurements were carried out at frequencies between 200 and 3,000 MHz in the temperature range of 20–80 °C. The results show that the dielectric properties are non‐linearly influenced by temperature, frequency and sugar content. A comparison between the dielectric properties of model solutions and of real juices was performed, and similarities were found. Furthermore, based on Artificial Neural Networks, the modeling and prediction of the dielectric properties at different conditions were achieved.Practical applicationsIn search of food processes that cause a minimum damage to the original organoleptic characteristics of the product, the use of microwaves is considered as a promising alternative to conventional thermal treatment. Microwave heating can offer rapid volumetric heating, shorter processing time, and lower surface temperature, resulting in better sensorial and nutritional qualities. Knowledge of dielectric properties is fundamental to study the response of the food material to the electromagnetic field and to determine the heating pattern. The need for dielectric properties data is even more evident during microwave process development and optimization using Multiphysics modeling. Therefore, the results presented in this work can be useful for further studies involving the design of microwave processing of fruit juices.
The common meanings and shared practices of sedation assessment in the context of managing patients with an opioid: A phenomenological study
Authors: Dunwoody Danielle R. , Jungquist Carla R. , Chang Yu‐Ping , Dickerson Suzanne S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesTo examine the common meanings of opioid‐induced sedation and shared practices in the context of post‐operative pain management in expert Post‐Anesthesia Care Unit nurses during patient's pain management with opioids.BackgroundWithin the clinical setting, linear pain and sedation scales are not enough to support clinical judgement with acute pain management. Because sedation measurement rests along a fluctuating continuum, it is possible for a patient to be sedated and then shift to increasing alertness, and then to drift back to a sedated state. This potential for acute clinical transition can be challenging to nurses of all levels, even for expert nurses.DesignInterpretive phenomenology.MethodsTwenty expert Post‐Anesthetic Care Unit nurses, with more than 7 years of nursing experience, participated in qualitative interviews regarding their lived experiences. Interviews were analysed using a modified seven‐stage process for interpretation by Diekelmann, Allen and Tanner. The manuscript was developed utilising the COREQ guidelines for reporting qualitative studies.ResultsFour themes identified through the participant's stories were recognising every patient is different, engaging in iterative knowing, walking a fine line, and looking beyond and anticipating. This study identified a constitutive pattern of interpreting sedation by integrating practical understanding and anticipating beyond.ConclusionsThis study indicates a deeper complexity in the way opioid‐induced sedation is assessed and balanced with pain management by nurses in the Post‐Anesthetic Care Unit.Relevance to practiceNurses in the study adapted their practices around pain management with opioids, in response to their patient's level of sedation; incorporating practices such as giving small, incremental doses and changing the drug. Nurses valued the importance of having “eyeballs on everybody” and being ready to meet the needs of their patient. They appreciate the time to watch and wait for their patient to respond, to better judge the result of their interventions.
Development of School and Sport Burnout in Adolescent Student‐Athletes: A Longitudinal Mixed‐Methods Study
Authors: Sorkkila Matilda , Ryba Tatiana V. , Selänne Harri , Aunola Kaisa 
Published: September 2018

We investigated the development of school and sport burnout in adolescent student‐athletes (N Time 1 = 391, N Time 2 = 373) during their first year in upper secondary school using an embedded mixed‐methods design. The questionnaire‐based data were analyzed with growth mixture modeling and four burnout profiles were identified among student‐athletes. From the found burnout profiles, two were typical for the interviewed subsample of elite athletes (n = 17), that is, burnout risk and non risk profiles. We generated rich descriptions of well‐being and ill‐being, showing that elite athletes in two burnout profiles differed in their experienced demands and resources related to individual and environmental factors. The results can be used to generate practical tools for burnout detection in student‐athletes’ educational path.
Strontium enhances proliferation and osteogenic behavior of periodontal ligament cells in vitro
Authors: Bizelli‐Silveira Carolina , Pullisaar Helen , Abildtrup Lisbeth A. , Andersen Ole Z. , Spin‐Neto Rubens , Foss Morten , Kraft David C. E. 
Published: September 2018

Background and ObjectiveStrontium (Sr) enhances osteogenic differentiation of certain multipotent cells. Periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) are known to be multipotent, and Sr might be useful in periodontal bone tissue engineering. This study investigates the effect of high concentration of Sr on the proliferation and osteogenic behavior of PDLCs in vitro.Material and MethodsPrimary human PDLCs were cultured in MEM + 10% FBS without (Ctrl) or with Sr in four diverse concentrations: Sr1, 11.3 × 10−3 mg/L, human serum physiological level; Sr2, 13 mg/L, typical human serum level after strontium ranelate treatment; Sr3, 130 mg/L, and Sr4, 360 mg/L. The spreading area (2, 4, 6, 24 hours), proliferation rate (1, 3, 7 days), osteogenic behavior (alkaline phosphatase ‐ ALP activity, 7 and 14 days; expression of osteogenic genes, ALP, Runt‐related transcription factor 2 ‐ RUNX2, osteopontin ‐ OPN, osteocalcin ‐ OCN, and osteoprotegerin ‐OPG, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 days), and formation of mineralized nodules (14 and 21 days) of the PDLCs were assessed. Data were compared group‐ and period‐wise using ANOVA tests.ResultsPeriodontal ligament cells cultured with Sr4 showed increased spreading area (after 4 hours), proliferation rate (from 3 days), and OCN and OPN (from 7 days) gene expression as compared to Ctrl, Sr1, Sr2, and Sr3. Sr4 also led to lower ALP activity (from 7 days), ALP (from 3 days), and RUNX2 (at 7 and 14 days) gene expression, together with more evident formation of mineralized nodules, compared to Ctrl, Sr1, Sr2, and Sr3.ConclusionPeriodontal ligament cells responded to Sr4 with increased cellular proliferation and osteogenic behavior in vitro.