bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nursing practice with hospitalised older people: Safety and harm
Authors: Dahlke Sherry Ann , Hunter Kathleen F. , Negrin Kelly 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundNursing teams work with hospitalised older people in institutions, which prioritise a biomedical model of care. This model does not fit the needs of older people because it emphasises efficacy and a narrow definition of patient safety, but does not prioritise functional needs. Nursing care is provided around the clock within the context of fiscal restraints as well as negative societal and nursing perspectives about ageing and old people. Yet, nursing perceptions of managing safety and potential harms to older patients within these hospital institutions are not well understood.MethodsAn integrative review was conducted to examine nursing perspectives of safety and harm related to hospitalised older people.ResultsThe majority of included papers focused on restraint use. Findings reveal that nurses are using restraints and limiting mobility as strategies to manage their key priority of keeping older patients safe, reflecting a narrow conceptualisation of safety. Policy, administrative support and individual nurse characteristics influence restraint use. Safety policies that nurses interpret as preventing falls can encourage the use of restraints and limiting mobility, both of which result in functional losses to older people.ConclusionsThis complex issue requires attention from clinical nurses, leaders, policy makers and researchers to shift the focus of care to preservation and restoration of function for older people in hospital as a safety priority.Implications for PracticeClinical leaders and nursing teams should engage in developing processes of care that incorporate maintaining and restoring older people's function.
Unsuccessful reduction of high‐frequency alpha activity during cognitive activation in schizophrenia
Authors: Jang Kuk‐In , Oh Jihoon , Jung Wookyoung , Lee Sangmin , Kim Sungkean , Huh Seung , Lee Seung‐Hwan , Chae Jeong‐Ho 
Published: January 2019

AimsElectroencephalogram (EEG) alpha activity during resting state reflects the ‘readiness’ of an individual to respond to the environment; this includes the performance of cognitive processes. Alpha activity is reported to be attenuated in schizophrenia (SCZ). Understanding the interaction between alpha activity during rest and when cognitively engaged may provide insights into the neural circuitry, which is dysfunctional in SCZ. This study investigated the changes of alpha activity between resting state and cognitive engagement in SCZ patients.MethodsThirty‐four SCZ patients and 29 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. EEG was performed in the resting state and during an auditory P300 task. All experimental procedures followed the relevant institutional guidelines and regulations.ResultsIn SCZ, high‐frequency alpha activity was reduced in the resting state. High‐frequency alpha source density was decreased in both the resting‐state and a P300 task condition in patients, compared to HC. HC, but not SCZ patients, showed a reduction in high‐frequency alpha source density during the P300 task compared to the resting state. The negative correlation between high‐frequency alpha source density in the resting state and positive symptoms was significant.ConclusionsHigh‐frequency alpha activity in SCZ patients and its unsuccessful reduction during cognitive processing may be biological markers of SCZ.
A greyscale voxel model for airborne lidar data applied to building detection
Authors: Wang Liying , Zhao Yuanding , Li Yu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe existing binary voxel model algorithm for 3D building detection (3BD) from airborne lidar cannot distinguish between connected buildings and non‐buildings. As a result, a greyscale voxel structure model, using the discretised mean intensity of lidar points, is presented to support subsequent building detection in areas where buildings are adjacent to non‐buildings but with different greyscales. The resulting 3BD algorithm first detects a building roof by selecting voxels characterised by a jump in elevation as seeds, labelling them and their 3D connected regions as rooftop voxels. Then voxels which fall into buffers and possess similar greyscales to that of the corresponding building outline are assigned as building façades. The results for detected buildings are evaluated using lidar data with different densities and demonstrate a high rate of success.
Rotational waves generated by current‐topography interaction
Authors: Flamarion Marcelo V. , Milewski Paul A. , Nachbin André 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe study nonlinear free‐surface rotational waves generated through the interaction of a vertically sheared current with a topography. Equivalently, the waves may be generated by a pressure distribution along the free surface. A forced Korteweg–de Vries equation (fKdV) is deduced incorporating these features. The weakly nonlinear, weakly dispersive reduced model is valid for small amplitude topographies. To study the effect of gradually increasing the topography amplitude, the free surface Euler equations are formulated in the presence of a variable depth and a sheared current of constant vorticity. Under constant vorticity, the harmonic velocity component is formulated in a simplified canonical domain, through the use of a conformal mapping which flattens both the free surface as well as the bottom topography. Critical, supercritical, and subcritical Froude number regimes are considered, while the bottom amplitude is gradually increased in both the irrotational and rotational wave regimes. Solutions to the fKdV model are compared to those from the Euler equations. We show that for rotational waves the critical Froude number is shifted away from 1. New stationary solutions are found and their stability tested numerically.
Detection and Simulation of Urban Expansion and Socioeconomic Segregation in the Greater Paramaribo Region, Suriname
Authors: Fung‐Loy Kimberley , Van Rompaey Anton , Hemerijckx Lisa‐Marie 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper analyses built‐up area expansion and socioeconomic segregation within the Greater Paramaribo Region, Suriname. Built‐up expansion between 1987 and 2015 was assessed via time‐series analysis of Landsat images. By identifying visible spatial residential characteristics in Google Earth©images, the residential built‐up area was differentiated into rich, middle, middle to low, and poor residences, signifying different socioeconomic groups. Results show that the built‐up expansion of the region is primarily controlled by the distance to the previously built‐up area, city centre, and roads, as well as land price. The observed expansion mainly consisted of middle and middle to low residences. Dissimilarity indices demonstrate an increasing socioeconomic segregation, especially between rich and poor. A business‐as‐usual model simulation for 2030 indicates that this segregation is likely to remain.
Memory, Narrative, and the Consequences
Authors: Brockmeier Jens 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDrawing on papers from three different areas — evolutionary psychology, developmental psychology, sociolinguistics analysis — this commentary states that there is by now an empirically grounded and theoretically reflected memory research that has begun to break with the traditional individual‐centric orientation of the memory sciences. This break, it is argued, is the consequence of a new interest in the dialectics between memory and language, between social (or collective or collaborative) remembering and narrative. On this view, memory is taken less as a substance and more as a set of practices, of intersubjective and interpretive acts of a remembering subject.
Compliance with time‐based deferrals for men who have sex with men
Authors: O'Brien Sheila F. , Osmond Lori , Fan Wenli , Yi Qi‐Long , Goldman Mindy 
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUNDThe deferral for men who have sex with men (MSM) was reduced from a permanent deferral for MSM if even one time since 1977 to progressively shorter time deferrals of 5 years and 1 year in Canada. We assessed compliance with these deferrals and the impact on safety at Canadian Blood Services.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThree anonymous online compliance surveys of male whole blood donors were carried out before and after implementation of successive changes. HIV rates and incidence were monitored from January 1, 2011, to August 14, 2018.RESULTSParticipation rates in the consecutive surveys were 49.7% before implementation, 36.3% after 5 years and 36.3% after 1 year. There was no difference before versus after implementation in male donors with MSM history in the past year (0.21%, 0.19%, 0.24%; p = 0.70). The percentage of eligible MSM donors increased (0.13%, 0.66%, 1.21%; p < 0.0001), with approximately 2500 eligible MSM donors with the 1‐year deferral in place. HIV rates were less than 0.6 per 100,000 donations and unchanged after each policy change (p = 0.14 for trend). Incidence remained unchanged at 0.22 per 100,000 person‐years before implementation, 0.54 per 100,000 after 5‐year deferral, and no incident cases after 1‐year deferral (p = 0.55).CONCLUSIONProgressively shorter time deferrals had no impact on noncompliance of MSM with a male partner in the past year. Contrary to modeling predictions, shorter time deferrals had no impact on HIV rates or incidence. There was a modest increase in eligible MSM in the donor pool after each shorter time deferral. These results support the safety of reducing deferral periods for MSM.
Does endometriosis affect professional life? A matched case-control study in Switzerland, Germany and Austria
Authors: Sperschneider Marita Lina , Hengartner Michael P , Kohl-Schwartz Alexandra , Geraedts Kirsten , Rauchfuss Martina , Woelfler Monika Martina , Haeberlin Felix , von Orelli Stephanie , Eberhard Markus , Maurer Franziska , Imthurn Bruno , Imesch Patrick , Leeners Brigitte 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesEndometriosis is a gynaecological disease most commonly causing severe and chronic pelvic pain as well as an impaired quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate if and how endometriosis affects choices regarding professional life as well as the quality of daily working life.Design, setting and participantsIn the context of a multicentre case–control study, we collected data from 505 women with surgically/histologically confirmed diagnosis of endometriosis and 505 matched controls. Study participants were recruited prospectively in hospitals and doctors’ practices in Switzerland, Germany and Austria. Using a detailed questionnaire, the study investigated work–life and career choices of study participants.Main outcome measuresAssociations between endometriosis/disease symptoms and limitations in career development as well as ability to work.ResultsWomen with endometriosis were less often able to work in their desired profession than women from the control group (adjusted OR=1.84, 95% CI: 1.15 to 2.94, R2=0.029, p=0.001) and they had to take health-related limitations into consideration in their career decisions to a significantly higher degree than women in the control group (OR=4.79, 95% CI: 2.30 to 9.96, R2=0.063, p<0.001). Among women with endometriosis, chronic pain was significantly associated with increased sick leave (OR=3.52, 95% CI: 2.02 to 6.13, R2=0.072, p<0.001) as well as with loss of productivity at work (OR=3.08, 95% CI: 2.11 to 4.50, R2=0.087, p<0.001).ConclusionsEndometriosis is associated with impairment of professional life, in particular with regard to career choices. Further research to develop strategies to support endometriosis-affected women in realising professional opportunities is recommended.Trial registration numberNCT02511626; Pre-results.
Corticosteroids injections versus corticosteroids with hyaluronic acid injections in rhizarthrosis: the randomised multicentre RHIZ’ART trial study protocol
Authors: Cormier Grégoire , Le Goff Benoit , Denis Amélie , Varin Stéphane , Auzanneau Lucie , Dimet Jérôme , Le Thuaut Aurélie 
Published: January 2019

IntroductionOsteoarthritis of the trapeziometacarpal joint affects approximately 10%–25% of women, especially those who are postmenopausal. It may result in thumb dysfunction. Among the treatments, intra-articular injections of corticosteroid (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) are both effective and recommended. However, clinical trials have shown that HA improves functional capacity, whereas CS only produces a decrease in pain. The synergy of these two drugs has not been evaluated. The primary goal of this study was to determine whether the association between HA and CS produce an additional decrease of more pain during thumb movement at three months postinjection, compared to the level of pain relief from CS alone.Methods and analysisRHIZ’ART is a prospective, multicentre, comparative, randomised, controlled, double-blind trial. Patients referred to the rheumatology department for thumb rhizarthrosis will receive an injection of betamethasone with HA or placebo (serum saline) based on central randomisation and stratification by centre. Injections will be given under ultrasound guidance. The primary outcome will compare the pain Visual Analogue Scale with motion at three months for both groups using a mixed model. The expected decrease in pain intensity in the CS group is 25% and 35% in the CS with HA group. In order to achieve a 80% power for detecting this difference with α set at 5%, 73 patients are needed in each group (146 total). The main secondary outcomes are the Cochin score (hand function) and grip strength. Follow-up visits are at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months.Ethics and disseminationThe study project has been approved by the appropriate ethics committee (CPP île de France III, 2017-002298-20). In agreement with current French regulations, a signed informed written consent will be obtained from each patient. Results of the main trial and of the secondary endpoints will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberNCT03431584.
Prospective study of the sensitivity of the Wood’s lamp for common eye abnormalities
Authors: Hooker Edmond A , Faulkner William J , Kelly Lisa D , Whitford Robert C 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveThe Wood’s lamp, a handheld instrument that uses long-wave ultraviolet (UV) light with magnification of 2–3 times, is commonly used by non-ophthalmologists for examining patients with eye complaints. The goal of current research was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the Wood’s lamp for common eye abnormalities.Study designWe examined a convenience sample of patients, 18 years of age and older, who presented for eye complaints to an urgent clinic of a large ophthalmology practice. This prospective observational trial was performed from December 2016 until July 2017. An ophthalmologist examined the patient’s eyes with a Wood’s lamp, followed by examination of the eyes using a slit lamp. The Wood’s lamp was compared with the slit lamp, which served as the gold standard.ResultsThere were 73 patients recruited. The mean age of study subjects (29 female and 44 male) was 49 years. The overall sensitivity of the Wood’s lamp was 52% (38/73; 95% CI 40% to 64%). Based on the principal final diagnosis made with the slit lamp, the Wood’s lamp only detected 9 of 16 corneal abrasions, 5 of 10 corneal ulcers, 5 of 9 corneal foreign bodies, 0 of 4 cases of non-herpetic keratitis, 1 of 2 cases of herpes keratitis, 1 of 5 rust rings and 18 of 28 other diagnoses.Conclusions and relevanceExamination using the Wood’s lamp fails to detect many common eye abnormalities. Our findings support the need for a slit lamp examination of patients with eye complaints whenever possible.
Inflammatory bowel disease and new-onset psychiatric disorders in pregnancy and post partum: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Vigod Simone N , Kurdyak Paul , Brown Hilary K , Nguyen Geoffrey C , Targownik Laura E , Seow Cynthia H , Kuenzig M Ellen , Benchimol Eric I 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivePatients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have an elevated risk of mental illness. We determined the incidence and correlates of new-onset mental illness associated with IBD during pregnancy and post partum.DesignThis cohort study using population-based health administrative data included all women with a singleton live birth in Ontario, Canada (2002–2014). The incidence of new-onset mental illness from conception to 1-year post partum was compared between 3721 women with and 798 908 without IBD, generating adjusted HRs (aHR). Logistic regression was used to identify correlates of new-onset mental illness in the IBD group.ResultsAbout 22.7% of women with IBD had new-onset mental illness versus 20.4% without, corresponding to incidence rates of 150.2 and 132.8 per 1000 patient-years (aHR 1.12, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.20), or one extra case of new-onset mental illness per 43 pregnant women with IBD. The risk was elevated in the post partum (aHR 1.20, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.31), but not during pregnancy, and for Crohn’s disease (aHR 1.12, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.23), but not ulcerative colitis. The risk was specifically elevated for a new-onset mood or anxiety disorder (aHR 1.14, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.26) and alcohol or substance use disorders (aHR 2.73, 95% CI 1.42 to 5.26). Predictors of a mental illness diagnosis were maternal age, delivery year, medical comorbidity, number of prenatal visits, family physician obstetrical care and infant mortality.ConclusionWomen with IBD were at an increased risk of new-onset psychiatric diagnosis in the postpartum period, but not during pregnancy. Providers should look to increase opportunities for prevention, early identification and treatment accordingly.
Impact of Congenital Cardiac Catheterization Project on Outcomes-Quality Improvement (C3PO-QI) in LMICs
Authors: Ali Fatima , Qasim Mehdi Mohammad , Akhtar Saleem , Aslam Nadeem , Abbas Rashid , Shah Izat , Abidi Jabbir , Arthur Sajid , Nizar Zeenat , Goodmann Andrea , Bergersen Lisa , Hasan Babar 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundThe importance of registries for collaborative quality improvement has been overlooked in low/middle-income countries (LMIC). Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH) in Pakistan joined the Congenital Cardiac Catheterization Project on Outcomes-Quality Improvement (C3PO-QI) in March 2017 with the goal of leveraging international collaboration to improve patient care and institutional standards.MethodsThe C3PO-QI key driver-based approach was used, with certain modifications, for process re-engineering in AKUH’s congenital cardiac catheterisation laboratory (CCL) to reduce radiation exposure during cardiac catheterisation procedures (the primary outcome of C3PO- QI). Educating staff and standardising procedural documentation were the principal goals of the process re-engineering. Data survey was used to assess staff knowledge, attitude and practice before and after the initiative. Additionally, case demographics and outcomes were compared between AKUH and C3PO-QI centres.ResultsThere was an increase in appropriate recording of radiation surrogates (0%–100%, p=0.00) and in the percentage of cases that met the established benchmark of ‘Ideal documentation’ (35% vs 95%, p=0.001). There was also an increase in self-reported staff interest during the case (25% vs 75%, p=0.001). AKUH versus C3PO-QI data showed similar demographic characteristics. There was a slight over-representation of diagnostic cases (42% vs 32%) as compared with interventional (58% vs 68%) at AKUH. Furthermore, interventional procedures were predominately PDA and ASD device closures (n=19 and 15, respectively). The frequency of adverse events were the same between AKUH and collaborative sites.ConclusionCollaborative efforts between developed and LMIC CCL are significant in advancing system-level processes.
Microvessel density in breast cancer: the impact of field area on prognostic informativeness
Authors: Kraby Maria Ryssdal , Opdahl Signe , Russnes Hege Giercksky , Bofin Anna M 
Published: January 2019

AimsTumour microvessel density (MVD) is assessed by counting vessels in the most vascularised tumour region, the vascular hot spot. Current uncertainty regarding the prognostic role of MVD in breast cancer could, in part, be explained by variations in field area size for MVD assessment. We aimed to identify the field area size that provides the most accurate prognostic information in breast carcinoma.MethodsMVD was assessed in 212 tumours. von Willebrand factor positively stained vessels were counted in 10 consecutive visual fields in vascular hotspots. The 10 visual fields in the original counting sequence (MVD-Consecutive) were sorted from highest to lowest vessel count (MVD-Decreasing), and randomly (MVD-Random). After adding counts from one visual field at a time, mean MVD was calculated for each cumulative field area. The prognostic informativeness of each field area and sorting strategy were compared.ResultsMedian MVD decreased with increasing field size for MVD-Decreasing and MVD-Consecutive. A 0.35 mm2total field area comprising only the highest vessel counts provided the most accurate prognostic information (MVD-Decreasing, HR for breast cancer death 1.06 per 10 vessels/mm2increase, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.10). MVD-Decreasing gave more accurate prognostic information than MVD-Consecutive and MVD-Random, with decreasing prognostic informativeness with increasing field area.ConclusionsMedian MVD and its prognostic informativeness decreased with increasing field area. Assessing MVD in a carefully selected small field area of 0.35 mm2provides the most accurate prognostic information. This could facilitate the implementation of MVD assessment in breast cancer.
Inflammatory markers in Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment: a meta-analysis and systematic review of 170 studies
Authors: Shen Xue-Ning , Niu Li-Dong , Wang Yan-Jiang , Cao Xi-Peng , Liu Qiang , Tan Lan , Zhang Can , Yu Jin-Tai 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveInflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Our study aimed to analyse previous inconsistent results of inflammatory markers in AD and MCI quantitatively.MethodsStudies reporting concentrations of peripheral or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers were included, and eligible data on AD, MCI and control were extracted. Pooled Hedges’s g was adopted to illustrate comparisons, and various confounding factors were used to explore sources of heterogeneity.ResultsA total of 170 studies were included in the meta-analysis and systematic review, which demonstrated increased peripheral levels of high-sensitivity C reactive protein (Hedges’s g 0.281, p<0.05), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (0.429, p<0.005), soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNFR1) (0.763, p<0.05), soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor 2 (sTNFR2) (0.354, p<0.005), alpha1-antichymotrypsin (α1-ACT) (1.217, p<0.005), IL-1β (0.615, p<0.05) and soluble CD40 ligand (0.868, p<0.005), and CSF levels of IL-10 (0.434, p<0.05), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) (0.798, p<0.005), transforming growth factor-beta 1 (1.009, p<0.05), soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells2 (sTREM2) (0.587, p<0.001), YKL-40 (0.849, p<0.001), α1-ACT (0.638, p<0.001), nerve growth factor (5.475, p<0.005) and visinin-like protein-1 (VILIP-1) (0.677, p<0.005), in AD compared with the control. Higher levels of sTNFR2 (0.265, p<0.05), IL-6 (0.129, p<0.05) and MCP-1 (0.779, p<0.05) and lower levels of IL-8 (−1.293, p<0.05) in the periphery, as well as elevated concentrations of YKL-40 (0.373, p<0.05), VILIP-1 (0.534, p<0.005) and sTREM2 (0.695, p<0.05) in CSF, were shown in MCI compared with the control. Additionally, increased peripheral sTNFR1 (0.582, p<0.05) and sTNFR2 (0.254, p<0.05) levels were observed in AD compared with MCI.ConclusionSignificantly altered levels of inflammatory markers were verified in comparison between AD, MCI and control, supporting the notion that AD and MCI are accompanied by inflammatory responses in both the periphery and CSF.