bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between exercise habits in adolescence and old age and the risk of mild cognitive impairment: the Bunkyo health study
Authors: Shi Huicong , Tabata Hiroki , Otsuka Hikaru , Iwashimizu Takahito , Kaga Hideyoshi , Someya Yuki , Abudurezake Abulaiti , Kakehi Saori , Naito Hitoshi , Yoshizawa Yasuyo , Kawamori Ryuzo , Watada Hirotaka , Tamura Yoshifumi 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundExercise in adolescence and old age improves cognitive function in older adults, but the combined effect of exercise habits in both periods is controversial. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between exercise habits in adolescence and old age and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and to compare regional brain volumes and blood biochemical markers associated with cognitive function in older adults.MethodsBaseline data of 1615 participants aged 65–84 years from the Bunkyo Health Study were analyzed. MCI was diagnosed using the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Participants were divided into four groups based on their exercise habits in adolescence (13–18 years) and old age: no exercise in either period (None-None), exercise in adolescence only (Active-None), exercise in old age only (None-Active), and exercise in both periods (Active-Active). Logistic regression models estimated the odds ratios (ORs) of MCI prevalence. Regional brain volumes, such as the prefrontal cortex, temporal lobe, parietal cortex, and hippocampus, and blood biochemical markers, such as BDNF, IGF-1, and homocysteine, were compared between groups.ResultsThe OR for MCI was significantly lower in the Active-Active group than in the None-None group (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.41–0.94). However, there were no significant differences in regional brain volumes and blood biochemical markers between the Active-Active and None-None groups.ConclusionsOlder adults with exercise habits in both adolescence and old age have a lower risk of MCI. However, specific regional brain volumes and biochemical markers may not be associated with differences in cognitive function in older adults.
Transcranial direct current stimulation in the management of epilepsy: a meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Chen Yujie , Ou Zhujing , Hao Nanya , Zhang Hesheng , Zhang Enhui , Zhou Dong , Wu Xintong 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has recently become a novel and non-invasive treatment option for refractory epilepsy. Previous systematic reviews have suggested that tDCS may be effective in treating epilepsy, this study presents the first meta-analysis on its effectiveness.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from database inception to May 2024. The Cochrane risk of bias tool RoB2.0 was used to assess the risk of bias. Primary outcomes included changes in seizure frequency from baseline and the proportion of patients with a ≥50% reduction in seizure frequency.ResultsOf the 608 studies initially identified, 14 were finally included. The pooled results from the random-effects model indicated that tDCS significantly reduced seizure frequency (WMD 0.41, 95% CI 0.24, 0.59). Further subgroup analysis revealed that tDCS significantly reduced seizure frequency in temporal lobe epilepsy, and seizure frequency was more alleviated in studies that had treatment sessions of fewer than 5 times, and followed up within 2 months' post-treatment. Only four studies provided data on patients with a ≥50% reduction in seizure frequency, showing no significant difference (RR 2.96, 95% CI 0.85, 10.32). In the systematic review, three studies analyzed cognitive function changes after tDCS treatment, but none reported significant improvements. The most common side effect during tDCS treatment was transient tingling, and no patients required additional life-support measures due to side effects.ConclusionThe current meta-analysis on available trials indicates that tDCS can effectively reduce seizure frequency in the short term and is well-tolerated. However, its impact on cognitive improvement in epilepsy patients requires further investigation.Systematic review registrationhttps://inplasy.com/inplasy-2024-6-0033/, identifier INPLASY202460033.
Variability of day-to-day pulsatility index change in children with cerebral malaria
Authors: Jordan Jeremy , O’Brien Nicole , Li Peng , Musungufu Davin Ambitapio , Ekandji Robert Tandjeka , Mbaka Jean Pongo , Mayindombe Ludovic , Giresse Buba , Phiri Tusekile , June Sylvester , Gushu Co Montfort Bernard , Tshimanga Taty , Reuter-Rice Karin 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionCerebral malaria (CM) is a devastating disease and better understanding of etiologies of the resulting neurologic injury is needed. The purpose of this study is to describe the day-to-day (DTD) pulsatility index (PI) change measured by transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD), a novel measure of cerebral and vascular changes, in children with CM.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 122 children in sub-Saharan Africa with CM and 3 or more sequential TCD measurements was performed. Variability of DTD PI change was calculated as a measure of changes in vasculature overtime. Neurologic outcome was determined by the Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category (PCPC) score, a measure of neurologic function.ResultsOf the 122 participants, 77.9% had a good neurologic outcome (no neurologic sequelae), and 22.1% had a poor outcome (neurologic sequelae or died). Patients who had a poor neurologic outcome had higher levels of variability of DTD PI change in the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) (0.14 ± 0.21) and left MCA (0.17 ± 0.41) compared to those who had a good neurologic outcome (0.1 ± 0.1 and 0.11 ± 0.19, respectively). A higher variability of both left and right MCA DTD PI change was also associated with higher brain volume assessed through neuroimaging.DiscussionVariability of DTD PI change may provide early prognostic information regarding PCPC outcomes and brain volume changes seen in CM patients. Expanded research on pathophysiologic contributors to variability of DTD PI changes in children with CM is warranted.
Nutrition among nursing home residents: results from the NutriCare study
Authors: Lavriša Živa , Pravst Igor , Krušič Sanja , Hren Neža , Gregorič Nadan , Hren Irena , Koroušić Seljak Barbara , Hristov Hristo 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundOlder adults living in nursing homes (NHs) are considered a vulnerable population in terms of nutrition. The aim of the present study was to explore the usual intake of energy, macronutrients, and specific food groups, along with offers in the NH menus on a nationally representative sample of Slovenian NH residents and compare dietary patterns with the established recommendations.MethodsThe study was conducted as part of a cross-sectional NutriCare study on 317 residents (65–101 years) from 20 Slovenian NHs in 9 health regions. Relatively independent residents were selected using quota sampling by sex and age. Data collection involved interviews and anthropometric measurements. Usual dietary intake was assessed by a multiple-source method from two 24-h dietary recalls and food frequency questionnaires. Adherence of dietary intake to the recommendations and dietary composition of NH menus were assessed. The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) was used to explore nutritional status.ResultsNotable variability in energy and macronutrient intakes was observed with some participants showing intakes below and others above the recommended values. A high prevalence of BMI &gt; 30 kg/m2 was observed in 39% of participants, indicating potential discrepancies between total energy intake and expenditure. The usual intake of fat was 36% of total energy intake (TEI). The intake of foods of animal origin exceeded dietary guidelines. Intake of carbohydrates (46% TEI in men and 47% TEI in women) as well as dietary fibre (20 g/day for both sexes) was below recommendations. A scarce intake of fruits, vegetables, and cereals was observed. In total, 40% of men and 35% of women had usual daily protein intakes lower than 1 g/kg of body weight. The protein content of breakfast and dinner could be improved. NH residents consumed little food from outside NH. The usual nutrient and food group intakes of residents reflected the NH menu offers.ConclusionThe study results on the usual intake of energy, macronutrients, specific food groups, and offers in the NH menus indicate the potential for optimisation. According to the World Health Organisation, the prevalence of BMI &gt; 30 kg/m2 is notable and warrants attention. Careful meal planning and regular monitoring of the nutritional status of NH residents should be considered.
Changes in the chemical composition and medicinal effects of black ginseng during processing
Authors: Qiu Ye , Wang Nengyuan , Yu Zhe , Guo Xiao , Yang Ming 
Published: November 2024

Aim of the StudyTo study the changes in the chemical composition and medicinal effects of black ginseng during processing.Materials and MethodsThe contents of ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rh1, Rb1, 20-(S)-Rg3, 20-(R)-Rg3, and Rg5 were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the percentage of rare saponins was calculated. Furthermore, changes in the contents of reducing sugars and amino acids (i.e., Maillard reaction (MR) substrates) were measured to assess the relationship between processing and the MR. Compounds were identified using HPLC-MS and their cleavage patterns were analyzed. Gene co-expression network bioinformatics techniques were applied to identify the pharmacological mechanism of black ginseng.ResultsThe changes in the physicochemical characteristics of black ginseng during processing were determined based on the MR. Rare saponins accumulated during black ginseng processing. In addition, reducing sugars were produced through polysaccharide pyrolysis and the MR; thus, their content initially increased and then decreased. The amino acid content gradually decreased as the number of evaporation steps increased, indicating that both amino acids and reducing sugars acted as substrates for the MR during black ginseng processing. Thirty-one saponins, 18 sugars, and 58 amino acids were identified based on the MS analysis. Transcriptomics results demonstrated that black ginseng can regulate signaling pathways such as the TNF, IL-17, MAPK, and PI3K-Akt pathways. This finding helps us understand the observed proliferation and differentiation of immune-related cells and positively regulated cell adhesion.
Delayed immune-related adverse events profile associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a real-world analysis
Authors: Yang Yana , Li Linman , Tian Jing , Ma Linwen , Wu Yaoxin , Luo Qian , Luo Yan 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundImmune-related adverse events (irAEs) typically occur within 3 months of initiating immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which has been extensively documented. But the clinical profiles of late-onset irAEs remain inadequately characterized. Therefore, this study aims to quantify the correlation between delayed irAEs and ICIs, and to delineate the profiles of delayed toxicities associated with ICIs using data from the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).MethodsData from the January 2011 to December 2023 in FAERS database were extracted. Four signal detection indices, reporting odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio (PRR), Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN) and multi-item gamma Poisson shrinker (MGPS), were employed to evaluate the associations between ICIs and delayed irAEs.ResultsA total of 147,854 cases were included in this study, of which 3,738 cases related to delayed irAEs were identified. Generally, 8 signals at System Organ Class (SOC) level were found to be associated with ICIs. Males had a slightly higher reporting frequencies for respiratory disorders (ROR975 = 0.95) and blood and lymphatic system disorders (ROR025 = 1.22), but lower reporting frequencies for immune system disorders (ROR025 = 1.16). Three monotherapy (anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4) were all associated with significant increasing gastrointestinal disorders (ROR025 = 1.66, 1.16, 1.99) and metabolism disorders (ROR025 = 2.26, 1.74, 3.13). Anti-PD-1 therapy exhibited higher rates of respiratory toxicities (ROR025 = 1.46 versus 0.82) and skin toxicities (ROR025 = 1.27 versus 0.94) compared with anti-CTLA-4 therapy. At PT levels, pneumonitis (ROR025: from 11.85 to 29.27) and colitis (ROR025: from 2.11 to 24.84) were the most notable PT signals associated with all three ICI regimens. For outcomes of delayed irAEs, gastrointestinal disorders showed the highest proportion (51.06%) of death.ConclusionOur pharmacovigilance analysis indicates that a small percentage of patients receiving ICIs therapy experience delayed irAEs, which are challenging to manage and may result in severe consequences. Prompt identification and intervention of these delayed irAEs are crucial in clinical practice.
SRPNet: stroke risk prediction based on two-level feature selection and deep fusion network
Authors: Zhang Daoliang , Yu Na , Yang Xiaodan , De Marinis Yang , Liu Zhi-Ping , Gao Rui 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundStroke is one of the major chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) with high morbidity, disability and mortality. The key to preventing stroke lies in controlling risk factors. However, screening risk factors and quantifying stroke risk levels remain challenging.MethodsA novel prediction model for stroke risk based on two-level feature selection and deep fusion network (SRPNet) is proposed to solve the problem mentioned above. First, the two-level feature selection method is used to screen comprehensive features related to stroke risk, enabling accurate identification of significant risk factors while eliminating redundant information. Next, the deep fusion network integrating Transformer and fully connected neural network (FCN) is utilized to establish the risk prediction model SRPNet for stroke patients.ResultsWe evaluate the performance of the SRPNet using screening data from the China Stroke Data Center (CSDC), and further validate its effectiveness with census data on stroke collected in affiliated hospital of Jining Medical University. The experimental results demonstrate that the SRPNet model selects features closely related to stroke and achieves superior risk prediction performance over benchmark methods.ConclusionsSRPNet can rapidly identify high-quality stroke risk factors, improve the accuracy of stroke prediction, and provide a powerful tool for clinical diagnosis.
Comparative analysis of chloroplast genomes and phylogenetic relationships in the endemic Chinese bamboo Gelidocalamus (Bambusoideae)
Authors: Wang Chengkun , Li Yonglong , Yang Guangyao , Zhang Wengen , Guo Chunce 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionGelidocalamus Wen is a small yet taxonomically challenging genus within the Arundinarieae tribe. Recent molecular studies have suggested it may not be monophyletic. However, limited species sampling and insufficient molecular marker information have resulted in poorly resolved phylogenetic relationships within this genus.MethodsThe complete chloroplast genomes covering all 16 species and one variant of Gelidocalamus were sequenced, and comparative analyses were conducted. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using different molecular markers, including chloroplast data, the nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) repeats region, and 29 mitochondrial protein-coding genes. Additionally, the divergence times of Gelidocalamus were estimated to reveal their evolutionary history.ResultsThe plastomes of Gelidocalamus ranged in size from 139,500 bp to 139,801 bp, with a total of 137 identified genes, including 90 protein-coding genes, 39 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. The size of the nrDNA repeats ranged from 5,802 bp to 5,804 bp. Phylogenetic analysis based on chloroplast data revealed that Gelidocalamus is polyphyletic, with different subclades distributed within the IV and V clades. However, phylogenetic analysis based on nrDNA and mitochondrial genes did not effectively resolve the relationships within the genus.DiscussionComparative analysis of chloroplast genomes indicated that Gelidocalamus shares a high degree of similarity with closely related genera in terms of chloroplast genome collinearity, codon usage bias, and repetitive sequences. Divergence time estimation suggests that it is a relatively young group, with all members appearing successively over the past four million years. The complex phylogenetic patterns may arise from the rapid radiation of Arundinarieae. This study provides a preliminary foundation for further in-depth research on the phylogeny, genomic structural features, and divergence times of this genus.
Are the functions of non-suicidal self-injury associated with its persistence and suicide risk in university students? Insights from a network analysis
Authors: Szewczuk-Bogusławska Monika , Kowalski Krzysztof , Bogudzińska Bogna , Misiak Błażej 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundTo date, a number of intra- and interpersonal functions of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) have been identified. Yet, their association with persistence of NSSI and suicide risk remains unknown. The study aimed to investigate which functions of NSSI are associated with its persistence and suicide risk in university students using a network analysis.MethodsAltogether, 830 university students reporting a lifetime history of NSSI were enrolled. The persistence of NSSI was defined as its presence over preceding 12 months.ResultsPersistent NSSI was directly connected to the nodes representing two functions of NSSI: affect regulation and self-punishment. Suicide risk was directly connected to the anti-suicide function of NSSI. The shortest pathway from persistent NSSI to suicide risk led through depressive symptoms. Other likely pathways (three mediating nodes) led through the functions of NSSI (affect regulation or self-punishment, anti-dissociation, and anti-suicide). Depressive symptoms had the highest centrality. However, it did not differ significantly compared to some functions of NSSI (marking distress, anti-dissociation, toughness, and affect regulation).DiscussionIn university students, persistent NSSI might be directly associated with its functions related to affect regulation and self-punishment, while suicide risk might be directly associated with the anti-suicide function. The observations posit a role of intrapersonal functions in shaping the outcomes of NSSI. Depressive symptoms and some NSSI functions might be the most promising targets for interventions in this population.
Quantitative EEG and its relationship with attentional control in patients with anxiety disorders
Authors: Yuan Danfeng , Yang Xiangyun , Wang Pengchong , Yang Lijuan , Yang Ting , He Fang , Xu Yi , Li Zhanjiang 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionAttentional control is crucial in the development and maintenance of anxiety disorders. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of attentional control can help to shed light on the neuropathological processes in anxiety disorders (ANX). Quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) offers a cost-effective, noninvasive method for examining the neuropathological mechanisms of mental disorders.MethodsIn this study, 67 patients with ANX and 45 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. EEG recordings were obtained for 5 minutes in an eyes-closed condition. QEEG was employed to evaluate the mechanisms of attentional control in ANX.ResultsNeurophysiological measures indicated that anxiety patients exhibited a more frontal topographic pattern of theta/beta ratio (TBR) compared to HC. Additionally, a significant decrease in temporal beta power was observed in the ANX group. Correlation analysis revealed that decreased beta power and increased TBR were significant association between attentional control deficits in ANX.DiscussionThese findings provide electrophysiological evidence of impaired attentional control processing in anxiety patients, characterized by decreased temporal beta power and increased frontal TBR. Temporal beta power and frontal TBR may serve as promising biomarkers for attentional control in ANX.
Correlations between problematic internet use and suicidal behavior among Chinese adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: He Xubin , Chen Si , Yu Qinyao , Yang Ping , Yang Bo 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundProblematic Internet Use (PIU) has been increasingly linked to suicidal behavior among adolescents, raising significant public health concerns, particularly in Chinese youth. This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze the correlation between PIU and suicidal behavior in Chinese adolescents to provide a clearer understanding of this association.MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted across seven databases up to July 1, 2024. Studies investigating the relationship between PIU and suicidal behavior among Chinese adolescents were included. A random-effects meta-analysis was employed to assess pooled effect sizes, with subgroup analyses conducted to explore potential moderators, such as geographic region, age, gender, assessment tools for PIU and suicidal ideation, and the presence of depression. Data analysis was performed using STATA software (version 16).ResultsThis meta-analysis, comprising 23 studies with 353,904 participants, identified significant associations between PIU and suicidal behavior among Chinese adolescents. PIU was associated with increased risks of suicidal ideation (OR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.45, 2.03), suicidal plans (OR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.02, 2.20), and suicidal attempts (OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.16, 1.89). Subgroup analyses indicated higher risks in specific groups: adolescents from Central China (OR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.46, 2.32), college students (OR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.66, 2.62). The risk of suicidal ideation was particularly elevated when depression was not controlled (OR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.53, 2.25). These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions in vulnerable populations.ConclusionThis meta-analysis demonstrated significant associations between PIU and suicidal behaviors among Chinese adolescents. The findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions, particularly for adolescents from Central and Western China, college students, and those with untreated depression. Focused strategies are required to mitigate the risks associated with PIU and to effectively address suicidal behaviors in these high-risk populations.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024577593, identifier CRD42024577593.