bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ПЛАСТИЧНИХ ТА МОВНИХ ЗАСОБІВ У ПРОЦЕСІ СТВОРЕННЯ СЦЕНІЧНОГО ОБРАЗУ: МИСТЕЦТВОЗНАВЧИЙ АНАЛІЗ МЕТОДІВ АКТОРСЬКОГО ПЕРЕВТІЛЕННЯ
Authors: Хлистун Олена Сергіївна 
Published: March 2019

Мета дослідження. Дослідити та проаналізувати особливості застосування пластичних та мовних засобів у процесі створення сценічного образу на основі мистецтвознавчого аналізу методів акторського перевтілення; виявити спільні та відмінні підходи до процесу перевтілення засобами зовнішньої техніки актора та виявити доцільність їх застосування в контексті сучасної мистецької освіти студентів вищих навчальних закладів. Методами дослідження є органічна сукупність базових принципів наукового аналізу: об’єктивність, історизм, багатофакторність, системність, комплексність, розвиток та плюралізм, а для досягнення мети дослідження використані методи наукового пізнання: проблемно-хронологічний, конкретно-історичний, статистичний, описовий, логіко-аналітичний. Наукова новизна. Проведено детальний і всебічний мистецтвознавчий аналіз систем та методів створення сценічного образу в контексті процесу акторського перевтілення засобами зовнішньої техніки; висвітлено головні аспекти роботи над пластичними та мовними елементами на прикладі провідних акторських тренінгів. Висновки. Проведений мистецтвознавчий аналіз найвідоміших систем, шкіл, методик театральної педагогіки та акторських тренінгів дозволив виявити спільні й відмінні підходи до процесу створення сценічного образу засобами зовнішньої техніки актора. Пластичні та мовні засоби при створенні сценічного образу, беззаперечно, є превалюючими в процесі акторського перевтілення і посідають провідне місце в системах та методиках К. Станіславського, В. Мейєрхольда, Є. Вахтангова, О.Таірова, М. Чехова та ін. видатних режисерів. Проте, особливості та відмінності в методах і засобах їх втілення, а також взаємомозв’язок та взаємозалежність засобів зовнішньої техніки актора з внутрішньою технікою, великою мірою обумовлені загальною концепцію кожної системи. Саме несвідомий органічний симбіоз пластики, мови та емоцій актора визначає рівень його майстерності. З огляду на те, що засоби та підходи до перевтілення у кожного актора власні і залежать, насамперед, від початкової орієнтації – на зовнішній вигляд персонажу чи на його внутрішній образ, вважаємо за доцільне залучити на сучасному етапі до навчального процесу не лише теоретичне, а й практичне ознайомлення студентів із відомими системами створення художнього образу та тренінграми, що сприятимуть формуванню та розвитку зовнішніх засобів акторського перевтілення.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФОРМУВАННЯ СОЦІАЛЬНИХ І КОНКУРСНИХ БАЛЬНИХ ТАНЦІВ АНГЛІЙСЬКОГО СТИЛЮ (20–30 рр. ХХ ст.)
Authors: Кеба Мирослав Євгенович 
Published: March 2019

Мета статті – аналіз особливостей формування та розвитку соціальних і конкурсних бальних танців англійського стилю в 1920–1930-ті рр., а також діяльності провідних танцюристів та екзаменаторів, членів Імперського товариства вчителів танцю (Imperial Society of Teachers of Dancing) й Офіційної Ради бальних танців (Official Board of Ballroom Dance), у контексті формування техніки виконання та стандартизації європейської програми бальних танців; охарактеризувати становлення конкурсного бального танцю, особливості проведення чемпіонатів, фестивалів та змагань. Методи дослідження становить сукупність базових принципів дослідження – об’єктивності, історизму, багатофакторності, системності, комплексності, розвитку та плюралізму; для досягнення мети застосовані методи наукового пізнання, а саме: проблемно-хронологічний, конкретно-історичний, статистичний, описовий, логіко-аналітичний. Наукова новизна статті полягає у всебічному дослідженні етапу формування соціальних та конкурсних бальних танців англійського стилю в 20–30-ті рр. ХХ ст., здійсненого з використанням навчально-методичної літератури ISTD, WDC, раритетних журналів «The Dancing Times» та «The Monthly Letter Service», а також мемуарної літератури. Висновки. Внаслідок багатоаспектного дослідження особливостей формування соціальних та конкурсних бальних танців англійського стилю в 20–30-ті рр. ХХ ст., аналізу головних засад стандартизації рухів, кроків й темпу музичного оформлення 4-х з 5-ти конкурсних бальних танців європейської програми, визначено їх стилістичні особливості, розроблені в навчально-методичних рекомендаціях провідних танцюристів, членів Імперського товариства вчителів танцю (Imperial Society of Teachers of Dancing) та Офіційної Ради бальних танців (Official Board of Ballroom Dance), а також висвітлено правила проведення та система оцінювання на чемпіонатах, фестивалях бальних танців у 20–30-ті рр. ХХ ст. в Англії.
PPPs for SDRs? Some theoretical observations on how to normalise, capture the dynamics, and extend the application of, global purchasing power parities
Authors: Reich Utz-Peter 
Published: March 2019

The World Bank's International Comparison Project (ICP) takes the United States as base country for normalising purchasing power parities between countries over space, and over time. The rule is being followed on the assumption that the particular choice is arbitrary, as well as irrelevant for the results, as it only fixes a numeraire for the Geary-Khamis index. The paper contests this assumption. It shows, by means of a simple example, how substituting a different base country may alter figures and rankings of countries' GDP, and it recommends a neutral standard of measurement to apply, instead. On this basis, the paper also sketches a vision of how the Geary-Khamis index may naturally be extended to form the mathematical underpinning of a full, and coherent system of accounting for world growth and world inflation, together.
Seasonal Migration of Retired Persons: Estimating Its Extent and Its Implications for the State of Florida
Authors: Rose Leslie S. , Kingma Hildy L. 
Published: March 2019

Seasonal migration from northern states to southern states has become a common pattern among the nation's elderly, but little research has been done on the implications of this seasonal movement. This paper is an initial examination of the impact of this migration on one state, Florida, the state with the highest number of nonpermanent residents enumerated in the 1980 census. Data from the census and from a 1983 survey of Florida counties with census counts of 500 or more nonpermanent residents form the base for discussion of the extent and implications of seasonal migration to Florida. In spite of the severe limitations of the data, some useful conclusions can be drawn. The influx of elderly migrants was viewed ambivalently by the counties surveyed. The provision of goods and services to the migrants was considered important to the economic base, but it also caused some problems for the communities. Service overloads were reported and concern was expressed that the state and federal revenue sharing systems in effect at the time were based on a count only of permanent residents. This study is an exploratory one that indicates the need for further research on seasonal migration.
Measuring the Effects of Benefits and Taxes on Income and Poverty
Authors: Nelson Charles T. , Coder John F. 
Published: March 2019

Household income statistics produced by the U.S. Census Bureau have traditionally been based on a calendar-year, pre-tax, post-transfer income measure. This definition has three major weak points: 1) it fails to account for the effect of government non-cash programmes which provide medical, housing and food assistance, 2) it fails to reflect the effect of income and payroll taxes on the distribution of income, and 3) it fails to include private sector non-cash benefits, such as employer-provided health insurance. This paper describes efforts at the Census Bureau over the last ten years to expand the definition of income beyond the original pre-tax, post-transfer concept. This effort began with a series of exploratory reports that focused on the effect of government non-cash benefits on the number of families and persons living in poverty. A second series of studies examined the effect of taxes on the distribution of income. Research efforts were expanded and integrated in the late-1980s to create a new series of reports that have provided a comprehensive picture of the effect of taxes and non-cash benefits on income distributional measures and the prevalence of poverty. The annual release of these estimates is now a permanent part of the Census Bureau's statistical programme.
A History of The U.S. Consumer Expenditure Survey: 1935–36 to 1988–89
Authors: Jacobs Eva , Shipp Stephanie 
Published: March 2019

Expenditure patterns of different demographic groups are examined using the Consumer Expenditure Survey. Such information is essential for describing the social and economic situation of the times. This paper outlines and discusses the evolution of the methodology of the Consumer Expenditure Survey in the U.S. and changes in the spending patterns of American families since 1935–36 as revealed by these surveys. Both the collection methodology and results from the survey reflect the society of each era. The survey periods covered are 1935–36, 1960–61, 1972–73, and 1988–89. The survey has evolved from a relatively short questionnaire where respondents were asked to recall their expenditures over the last year to two separate instruments (weekly diaries and quarterly interviews) with shorter recall periods but, in the case of the interview component, many more detailed questions. This study reveals that over this period there was a significant shift in family budget shares away from food and toward transportation. The distribution of total aggregate spending has remained about the same across quartiles of income.
Manufacturing Establishments Reclassified Into New Industries: The Effect of Survey Design Rules
Authors: McGuckin Robert H. , Peck SuZanne 
Published: March 2019

Establishment reclassification occurs when an establishment classified in one industry in one year is reclassified into another industry in another year. Because of survey design rules at the Census Bureau these reclassifications occur systematically over time, and affect the industry-level time series of output and employment. The evidence shows that reclassified establishments occur most often in two distinct years over the life of a sample panel. Switches are not only numerous in these years, they also contribute significantly to measured industry change in industry output and employment. The problem is that reclassifications are not necessarily processed in the year that they occur. The survey rules restrict most change to certain years. The effect of these rules is evidenced by looking at the variance across industry growth rates which increases greatly in these two years. Whatever the reason for reclassifying an establishment, the way the switches are processed raises the possibility of measurement errors in the industry level statistics. Researchers and policymakers relying upon observations in annual changes in industry statistics should be aware of these systematic discontinuities, discrepancies and potential data distortions.
An Estimation Strategy to Represent the Institutional User Population in the 1987 National Medical Expenditure Survey
Authors: Cohen Steven B. , Potter D.E.B. 
Published: March 2019

The Institutional Population Component (IPC) of the National Medical Expenditure Survey (NMES) was established to provide an assessment of the health care utilization, costs, sources of payment and health insurance coverage of the U.S. institutionalized population residing in nursing and personal care homes (NH), and in facilities for the mentally retarded (MR). The primary objective of the survey was to estimate the use of and expenses for health care services for all persons residing in institutions at any time during calendar year 1987. To obtain a nationally representative sample of the 1987 institutional user population, the survey included a sample of residents residing in selected facilities as of January 1, 1987, in addition to a representative sample of admissions to the selected facilities over the course of 1987. The union of these samples served to represent the 1987 institutional user population. In this paper, the representation of individuals with multiple probabilities of selection in the IPC sample is examined. In addition, an estimation strategy is developed to correct for the multiple chances of sample selection in the IPC over the course of 1987 and the problems of dual representation in independent sampling frames. The paper also includes a discussion of the effect of this estimation strategy on the precision of sample estimates characterizing the institutional user population.
Multiple Classification Systems for Economic Data: Can a Thousand Flowers Bloom? And Should They?
Authors: McGuckin Robert H. 
Published: March 2019

The principle that the statistical system should provide flexibility – possibilities for generating multiple groupings of data to satisfy multiple objectives – if it is to satisfy users is universally accepted. Yet in practice, this goal has not been achieved. This paper discusses the feasibility of providing flexibility in the statistical system to accommodate multiple uses of the industrial data now primarily examined within the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. In one sense, the question of feasibility is almost trivial. With today's computer technology, vast amounts of data can be manipulated and stored at very low cost. Reconfigurations of the basic data are very inexpensive compared to the cost of collecting the data. Flexibility in the statistical system implies more than the technical ability to regroup data. It requires that the basic data are sufficiently detailed to support user needs and are processed and maintained in a fashion that makes the use of a variety of aggregation rules possible. For this to happen, statistical agencies must recognize the need for high quality microdata and build this into their planning processes. Agencies need to view their missions from a multiple use perspective and move away from use of a primary reporting and collection vehicle. Although the categories used to report data must be flexible, practical considerations dictate that data collection proceed within a fixed classification system. It is simply too expensive for both respondents and statistical agencies to process survey responses in the absence of standardized forms, data entry programs, etc. I argue for a complete commodity classification– a list of commodities including materials and other intermediate products, services, raw materials, capital equipment, energy inputs, final products and labor by type – as the focus of data collection. The idea is to make the principle variables of interest – the commodities – the vehicle for the collection and processing of the data. For completeness, the basic classification should include labor usage through some form of occupational classification. In most economic surveys at the Census Bureau, the reporting unit and the classified unit have been the establishment. But there is no need for this to be so. The basic principle to be followed in data collection is that the data should be collected in the most efficient way – efficiency being defined jointly in terms of statistical agency collection costs and respondent burdens.
Using the pollution abatement costs and expenditures micro data for descriptive and analytic research
Authors: Streitwieser Mary L. 
Published: March 2019

The Pollution Abatement Costs and Expenditures survey (PACE) is an annual survey of manufacturing establishment's operating costs and capital investment expenditures for pollution abatement purposes. This paper provides a description and evaluation of the PACE micro data available at the Center for Economic Studies (CES). This paper provides an overview of the survey, how the sample is drawn, how the survey questionnaire has changed over time, an assessment of the data quality, and suggestions for the use of the data, as well as its limitations. This paper also discusses the advantages of using the micro data for descriptive and analytic research when integrated with economic data from the US Bureau of the Census and emissions data from the US Environmental Protection Agency. Examples of recent and analytic research are cited throughout.
The form and rate of physical depreciation in Canadian industries
Authors: Hwang Jang C. 
Published: March 2019

Economic depreciation has been studied extensively by many researchers, but there are very few studies on physical depreciation. The voluminous empirical research studies on economic depreciation in economic literature indicate that economic depreciation is much easier to estimate than physical depreciation. There are some differences in the measurement of physical depreciation between the engineering and the economic point of view. An asset in its early age may have to be retired because of economic reasons due to technological change. This makes the empirical measurement of physical depreciation even more difficult. In this paper, we derive a formula which can transform economic depreciation into physical depreciation. The transformation will provide us a consistent measurement of physical depreciation vis-a-vis economic depreciation. Two different parametric forms are also studied in this paper. The almost perfect match between the Box–Cox power transformation form and the converted form of physical depreciation further proves that the former is one of the most flexible functional forms especially well suited to the problem of analyzing depreciation patterns. The estimated curvature parameter of the Beta-decay form is negative for all Canadian industry components. The convex form of physical depreciation of the Canadian experience is contrary to the concave forms assumed by the Bureaus of Labor Statistics of the US in its capital stock estimates for the input-output industries.
Measuring poverty and living conditions in Italy through a combined analysis at a sub-national level
Authors: Quintano Claudio , Castellano Rosalia , Punzo Gennaro 
Published: March 2019

Aim of this paper is to explore poverty patterns and differentials across Italian provinces for several objective dimensions of life-style deprivation according to a multidimensional and fuzzy approach. We propose a joint analysis of monetary and supplementary deprivation to point out the extent to which the two aspects of poverty overlap for the population concerned, to look into their potential background determinants and to sketch a territorial poverty profile. Since traditional direct estimators, based on ECHP data, cannot provide adequate precision due to smallness of domain-specific sub-sample, we test Rao-Yu models, as extension of Fay-Herriot estimator, to handle time-series data. In addition to a diversity of deficiencies found throughout Italy, empirical evidence clearly emphasize higher degrees of overlap in "poorer" southern provinces and lower degrees in "richer" northern ones, justifying the implementation of different approaches to poverty measurement to identify those areas which, more than others, need structural interventions.
Methodological disclosure issues and opinion data
Authors: Maynard Marc , Timms-Ferrara Lois 
Published: March 2019

The research value of survey data is measured by its utility, which is driven by researchers' ability to evaluate survey quality. The proliferation of polls combined with new and emerging technologies for data collection and analysis have made it more difficult for researchers, journal editors, journalists and the general public to evaluate survey quality and reliability. In a time of innovation and ever-changing technologies the very definition of "disclosure" is fluid, further hampering efforts to evaluate survey quality. This paper provides a review of the benefits and challenges of full methodological disclosure from various vantage points, and a detailed assessment of efforts to codify disclosure requirements and recommendations from four leading professional organizations in opinion research. By examining major sources of opinion data, focusing on the unique role of data archives and their historical interest in documenting and preserving research data, we propose a proactive extension of the archives' role to support several on-going efforts to provide clear and consistent disclosure of survey methods.
RANCANG BANGUN PROTOTIPE MESIN PENYIANG MEKANIS PADA LAHAN DENGAN SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION
Authors: Hasman Elvin 
Published: March 2019

Penelitian tentang rancang bangun prototipe mesin penyiang mekanis pada budidaya tanaman padi (Oryza sativa L.) system of rice intensification (SRI) dilaksanakan pada bulan Febuari sampai dengan April 2009. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menciptakan sebuah prototipe mesin penyiang gulma padi sawah mekanis yang efisien dan berkapasitas tinggi, sesuai dengan kebutuhan petani sehingga dapat mengatasi masalah keterbatasan tenaga kerja untuk melakukan penyiangan gulma. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan metode rancang bangun yang menggunakan pendekatan hubungan sebab akibat, diagram alir proses, pembuatan model matematis. Perancangan konsep produk, dimulai dengan analisis kebutuhan, blok diagram dan analisis validasi. Analisis validasi mesin melihat kinerja mesin keseluruhan. Hasil penelitian diperoleh kapasitas efektif penyiangan 0,0547 ha/jam, efisiensi lapang 49,37 %, kehilangan waktu belok 32,03 %, tingkat kerusakan tanaman 7,7 %, gulma tidak tersiangi 3,12 %. Daya motor terpakai 2,52 Hp, tingkat kebisingan dalam batas diizinkan. Penyiangan dengan mesin tergolong kerja sedang. Hasil analisis ekenomi menunjukan biaya pokok penyiangan per hektar Rp. 463.322,67 dengan BEP penyiangan 29,03 ha per tahun, NPV Rp. 7.139.779,01 dan B/C Ratio 1,093 pada tingkat suku bunga 10 %, yang berarti mesin layak digunakan. Agar mesin dapat diterima di masyarakat, perlu sosialisasi, penyempurnaan sistem transmisi, penggunaan material lebih ringan serta perlu pengaturan jarak dan kelurusan barisan tanam agar tercapai kinerja mesin yang optimal.
STUDI KARAKTERISTIK SELAI KOLANG KALING MARKISA DENGAN PENAMBAHAN PEWARNA ANGKAK
Authors: Asben Alfi , Taib Gunarif , Rahmawati Yuni 
Published: March 2019

Pengolahan selai dengan bahan baku kolang kaling dan buah markisa akan memberikan warna selai yang kurang menarik. Pigmen angkak dapat dijadikan alternatif pewarna alami yang baik dan cukup stabil dimana juga dapat meningkatkan aktivitas antioksidan pada produk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan dan konsentrasi yang tepat bubuk angkak terhadap karakteristik selai kolang kaling markisa. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan. Perlakuan tersebut adalah penambahan bubuk angkak yaitu : A (tanpa (0%)), B (1%), C (2%), D (3%) dan E (4%). Data dianalisis secara statistik dengan menggunakan analisis of varian (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan dengan Duncan New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa penambahan angkak memberikan hasil berpengaruh nyata pada hampir semua parameter karakteristik selai yang dianalisis. Penambahan bubuk angkak 1% (B) merupakan perlakuan terbaik berdasarkan analisis sensori dengan karakteristik sebagai berikut : kadar air 28,18%, ohue 11,99, aktivitas antioksidan 20,58% (pada konsentrasi 100.000 ppm), pH 3,65, total padatan terlarut 59,33%, kadar sakarosa 55,42%, angka lempeng total 1,0 x103 cfu/g dan lovastatin 3,09 ppm.