bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Motor Imagery Training to Increase Quadriceps Strength: A Pilot Study
Authors: Saumur Tyler M. , Perry Stephen D. 
Published: October 2018

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Motor imagery training implements neural adaptation theory to improve muscle strength without physically performing muscle contractions. To date, motor imagery training research regarding the efficacy of improving torque of the quadriceps over a brief training period is limited. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To determine the impact of a 3-week motor imagery training on peak torque during knee extension. <b><i>Method:</i></b> Ten young, healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups over a 3-week period: strength training, motor imagery training and control. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Following training, an increase in peak torque was observed in all strength training participants (mean change of 38 ± 15%) and in 2 members of the motor imagery training group (45 ± 10%). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Brief periods of motor imagery training may have the potential to improve quadriceps strength; however, more research is needed with larger populations to test this hypothesis.
Comment on the Report of the Siddiqui Review Panel, 2018
Authors: Grillo Ralph 
Published: October 2018

AbstractControversies over the possible application of Islamic law and practice (Shari’a) in the UK have been gathering pace since the mid-2000s. In 2016 two official inquiries were set in train, one of which, chaired by Mona Siddiqui, Professor of Islamic and Interreligious Studies, Edinburgh University, reported in February 2018. The Siddiqui Panel focused on two principal issues: the civil registration of Islamic marriages (nikah), and the role of Shari’a councils in the issuing of a religious (not civil) divorce. The paper sets out the background to the Shari’a debate in the UK, reviews the Panel’s recommendations on the two issues, and assesses their implications.
Establishing Islam in Britain
Authors: McNamara Brendan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe commissioning of a mosque in Woking in early 1913 marks a seminal moment in the establishment of Islam in Britain. It was the first purpose-built Muslim place of worship to be raised at the heart of Empire, though it did not come fully into use until some years after it was built in 1889. This article problematises the accepted narrative of how the mosque became operational and highlights factors bearing on the establishment of the Woking Islamic mission that are now obscure or have not previously been analysed. Addressing the ‘afterlife’ of the events and figures at the heart of this narrative, the mnemohistorical dimension will be juxtaposed with the historiographical towards recovering recondite aspects central to the first Islamic institutional stirrings in Britain. The article complexifies what may in contemporary terms be categorised as ‘difficult history’.
A Late Antique Vegetation History of the Western Mediterranean in Context
Authors: López-Sáez José Antonio , Pérez-Díaz Sebastián , Galop Didier , Alba-Sánchez Francisca , Abel-Schaad Daniel 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFossil pollen records from 70 sites with reliable chronologies and high-resolution data in the western Mediterranean, were synthesised to document Late Holocene vegetation and climate change. The key elements of vegetation dynamics and landscape construction during Late Antiquity are clear in the light of the fossil pollen records. These are: fire events (natural or anthropogenically induced); grazing activities in high-mountain areas; agriculture; arboriculture; and human settlement in the lowlands. In terms of anthropogenic pressure, the differences recorded between highlands and lowlands suggest an imbalance in land use. Such practices were related to three main types of activities: wood exploitation and management, cultivation, and pastoralism. In lowland areas there seems to be some synchronism in vegetation dynamics during the late antique period, since most of the territories of the western Mediterranean had been deforested by the Early Roman period. However, in mountainous regions, pollen records document a clear asynchrony.
Olive Cultivation and Olive Products in Southern Apulia (6th–11th c.)
Authors: Stranieri Giovanni 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper focuses on the interactions between the environment and human society from Late Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages in southern Apulia, at the heel of Italy, at the lower part of the Adriatic region. The results of recent archaeological investigations and palaeoenvironmental studies, has led us to establish a correlation between the indicators of extensive olive cultivation, the archaeological markers indicating the movement of goods either side of the Adriatic Sea, and Byzantine economic and political dominance over all or part of the region, as well as the lower Adriatic.
North American Supercell Environments in Atmospheric Reanalyses and RUC-2
Authors: King Austin T. , Kennedy Aaron D. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA suite of modern atmospheric reanalyses is analyzed to determine how they represent North American supercell environments. This analysis is performed by comparing a database of Rapid Update Cycle (RUC-2) proximity soundings with profiles derived from the nearest grid point in each reanalysis. Parameters are calculated using the Sounding and Hodograph Analysis and Research Program in Python (SHARPpy), an open-source Python sounding-analysis package. Representation of supercell environments varies across the reanalyses, and the results have ramifications for climatological studies that use these datasets. In particular, thermodynamic parameters such as the convective available potential energy (CAPE) show the widest range in biases, with reanalyses falling into two camps. The North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) and the Japanese 55-year Reanalysis (JRA-55) are similar to RUC-2, but other reanalyses have a substantial negative bias. The reasons for these biases vary and range from thermodynamic biases at the surface to evidence of convective contamination. Overall, it is found that thermodynamic biases feed back to other convective parameters that incorporate CAPE directly or indirectly via the effective layer. As a result, significant negative biases are found for indices such as the supercell composite parameter. These biases are smallest for NARR and JRA-55. Kinematic parameters are more consistent across the reanalyses. Given the issues with thermodynamic properties, better segregation of soundings by storm type is found for fixed-layer parameters than for effective-layer shear parameters. Although no reanalysis can exactly reproduce the results of earlier RUC-2 studies, many of the reanalyses can broadly distinguish between environments that are significantly tornadic versus nontornadic.
The Balance of Salinity Variance in a Partially Stratified Estuary: Implications for Exchange Flow, Mixing, and Stratification
Authors: Wang Tao , Geyer W. Rockwell 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSalinity variance dissipation is related to exchange flow through the salinity variance balance equation, and meanwhile its magnitude is also proportional to the turbulence production and stratification inside the estuary. As river flow increases, estuarine volume-integrated salinity variance dissipation increases owing to more variance input from the open boundaries driven by exchange flow and river flow. This corresponds to the increased efficient conversion of turbulence production to salinity variance dissipation due to the intensified stratification with higher river flow. Through the spring–neap cycle, the temporal variation of salinity variance dissipation is more dependent on stratification than turbulence production, so it reaches its maximum during the transition from neap to spring tides. During most of the transition time from spring to neap tides, the advective input of salinity variance from the open boundaries is larger than dissipation, resulting in the net increase of variance, which is mainly expressed as vertical variance, that is, stratification. The intensified stratification in turn increases salinity variance dissipation. During neap tides, a large amount of enhanced salinity variance dissipation is induced by the internal shear stress near the halocline. During most of the transition time from neap to spring tides, dissipation becomes larger than the advective input, so salinity variance decreases and the stratification is destroyed.
A Background Investigation of Tornado Activity across the Southern Cumberland Plateau Terrain System of Northeastern Alabama
Authors: Lyza Anthony W. , Knupp Kevin R. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The effects of terrain on tornadoes are poorly understood. Efforts to understand terrain effects on tornadoes have been limited in scope, typically examining a small number of cases with limited observations or idealized numerical simulations. This study evaluates an apparent tornado activity maximum across the Sand Mountain and Lookout Mountain plateaus of northeastern Alabama. These plateaus, separated by the narrow Wills Valley, span ~5000 km2 and were impacted by 79 tornadoes from 1992 to 2016. This area represents a relative regional statistical maximum in tornadogenesis, with a particular tendency for tornadogenesis on the northwestern side of Sand Mountain. This exploratory paper investigates storm behavior and possible physical explanations for this density of tornadogenesis events and tornadoes. Long-term surface observation datasets indicate that surface winds tend to be stronger and more backed atop Sand Mountain than over the adjacent Tennessee Valley, potentially indicative of changes in the low-level wind profile supportive to storm rotation. The surface data additionally indicate potentially lower lifting condensation levels over the plateaus versus the adjacent valleys, an attribute previously shown to be favorable for tornadogenesis. Rapid Update Cycle and Rapid Refresh model output indicate that Froude numbers for the plateaus in tornadic environments are likely supportive of enhanced low-level flow over the plateaus, which further indicates the potential for favorable wind profile changes for tornado production. Examples of tornadic storms rapidly acquiring increased low-level rotation while reaching the plateaus of northeast Alabama are presented. The use of this background to inform the VORTEX-SE 2017 field campaign is discussed.
A history of injection treatments – I the syringe
Authors: Myers Kenneth 
Published: October 2018

Introduction The syringe has become an indispensable instrument for many aspects of interventional medicine and everyday practice. Methods To trace the evolution of the syringe from ancient times to the present, using the internet for past documentation and the literature. Conclusion The syringe has long been used for aspiration, irrigation and infusion. This developed into injections for early transfusion, anaesthesia and surgical procedures including venous sclerotherapy. Syringes have been adapted for use to inject specific drugs.
A novel endovenous scaffold for the treatment of chronic venous obstruction in a porcine model: Histological and ultrastructural assessment
Authors: Zamboni Paolo , Giaquinta Alessia , Rimondi Erika , Pedriali Massimo , Scanziani Eugenio , Riccaboni Pietro , Veroux Massimiliano , Secchiero Paola , Veroux Pierfrancesco 
Published: October 2018

Objective To investigate the biological effects of a novel endovenous scaffold in a porcine model. Methods Petalo is a compliant venous scaffold implanted into the internal jugular veins of 12 healthy pigs. The pigs were sacrificed at one, two, three, and six months, respectively. Microscopic investigations were performed at two blinded laboratories. Results Neo-intima formation progressively covering up the stent metallic bars was observed. The inflammatory response of the venous wall showed a peak after three months by the implant, followed by marked reduction after six months. The device induced a significant ( p < 0.01) increase of the thickness respect to the control regions, but was comparable in sections obtained after three and six months. Conclusions The implant of Petalo compliant venous scaffold in the venous wall of this porcine model is characterized by neointima formation and by an inflammatory reaction which tends to decrease after six months. Our data point against the induction of smooth muscle cells proliferation and migration as confirmed by electronic transmission microscopy analyses.
Retrospective cohort study for evaluating the INR monitoring patterns in patients with deep vein thrombosis in daily practice: Analysis of 2010–2013 database of a tertiary care center
Authors: Sargin Murat , Tasdemir Muge Mete , Kuplay Huseyin , Erdogan Sevinc Bayer , Tandogar Nehir , Akansel Serdar , Kurc Erol , Orhan Gokcen , Aka Serap Aykut 
Published: October 2018

Objective To evaluate the international normalized ratio (INR) monitoring patterns in patients with deep vein thrombosis. Methods Of 32,012 patients with ≥1 outpatient INR measurement and 42,582 patients with confirmed deep vein thrombosis diagnosis registered to our hospital between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2013, 6720 records were identified to have both deep vein thrombosis and international normalized ratio measurement, and 4.377 out of 6.720 single patient records were determined to be statistically analyzable. Results Median INR measurement frequency was 6.47 times/year and patients had INR levels of 2–3 in 34.3% of follow-up time. Having ≥70% vs. <70% of follow-up time within therapeutic range was associated with lower hospital admission frequency (9.7 vs. 10.3 times/year). Conclusion Our study revealed only one-third of the follow-up time to be spent within therapeutic INR, association of INR therapeutic range with lesser number of hospital admissions and INR monitoring frequency of 6.47 times/year despite lack of stable INR control in most of the deep vein thrombosis patients.
Prognostic impact of low allelic ratio FLT3-ITD and NPM1 mutation in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Sakaguchi Masahiro , Yamaguchi Hiroki , Najima Yuho , Usuki Kensuke , Ueki Toshimitsu , Oh Iekuni , Mori Sinichiro , Kawata Eri , Uoshima Nobuhiko , Kobayashi Yutaka , Kako Shinichi , Tajika Kenji , Gomi Seiji , Shono Katsuhiro , Kayamori Kensuke , Hagihara Masao , Kanda Junya , Uchiyama Hitoji , Kuroda Junya , Uchida Naoyuki , Kubota Yasushi , Kimura Shinya , Kurosawa Saiko , Nakajima Nana , Marumo Atsushi , Omori Ikuko , Fujiwara Yusuke , Yui Shunsuke , Wakita Satoshi , Arai Kunihito , Kitano Tomoaki , Kakihana Kazuhiko , Kanda Yoshinobu , Ohashi Kazuteru , Fukuda Takahiro , Inokuchi Koiti 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
In the opinion of the European LeukemiaNet (ELN), nucleophosmin member 1 gene mutation (NPM1 mut)–positive acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with an fms-like kinase 3-internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) allele ratio (AR) &lt;0.5 (low AR) has a favorable prognosis, and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT) in the first complete remission (CR1) period is not actively recommended. We studied 147 patients with FLT3-ITD gene mutation–positive AML, dividing them into those with low AR and those with AR of ≥0.5 (high AR), and examined the prognostic impact according to allo-HSCT in CR1. Although FLT3-ITD AR and NPM1 mut are used in the prognostic stratification, we found that NPM1 mut–positive AML with FLT3-ITD low AR was not associated with favorable outcome (overall survival [OS], 41.3%). Moreover, patients in this group who underwent allo-HSCT in CR1 had a significantly more favorable outcome than those who did not (relapse-free survival [RFS] P = .013; OS P = .003). Multivariate analysis identified allo-HSCT in CR1 as the sole favorable prognostic factor (RFS P &lt; .001; OS P &lt; .001). The present study found that prognosis was unfavorable in NPM1 mut–positive AML with FLT3-ITD low AR when allo-HSCT was not carried out in CR1.
Treatment adherence and blood pressure outcome among hypertensive out-patients in two tertiary hospitals in Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria
Authors: Adisa Rasaq , Ilesanmi Olumide Ayodeji , Fakeye Titilayo Oyelola 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Treatment adherence play important roles in blood pressure control leading to reduction in morbidity and mortality. This study therefore assessed adherence to pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies among ambulatory hypertensive patients. Reasons for treatment non-adherence, and association between adherence and blood pressure were also investigated.

Methods
Cross-sectional questionnaire-guided interview and retrospective review of medical records of 605-patients from two-tertiary healthcare institutions in Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria. Nine-item modified Morisky adherence scale was used to assess medication adherence. Overall adherence score to lifestyle modifications was obtained from the total scores from 4-domains of non-pharmacological measures including cigarette smoking and alcohol cessation, salt-restriction and exercise. Patient-specific adherence education was provided at contact to resolve the knowledge gap(s). Clinical-parameters were retrieved at contact and subsequent 2-months appointment. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square and Student’s t-test were used for analysis at p < 0.05.

Results
Fifty-four (8.9%) patients were adherent to medications. Forgetfulness (404; 35.2%) was the most common reason for medication non-adherence. Use of buddy/companion reminder (605, 30.2%) top the list of adherence education. Overall adherence to lifestyle modifications was 36(6.0%). Mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) at contact was 149.6 ± 22.5 versus 134.2 ± 15.8 mmHg at 2-months with a 10% reduction. There were significant associations in baseline SBP for patients with or without adherence to medication, cigarette smoking cessation, and exercise (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Overall adherence to antihypertensive medications and lifestyle modifications is suboptimal, underscoring the need for continuous patient-specific adherence education to ensure better therapeutic outcomes.
Blood-brain barrier-associated pericytes internalize and clear aggregated amyloid-β42 by LRP1-dependent apolipoprotein E isoform-specific mechanism
Authors: Ma Qingyi , Zhao Zhen , Sagare Abhay P , Wu Yingxi , Wang Min , Owens Nelly Chuqui , Verghese Philip B , Herz Joachim , Holtzman David M , Zlokovic Berislav V 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Background
Clearance at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays an important role in removal of Alzheimer’s amyloid-β (Aβ) toxin from brain both in humans and animal models. Apolipoprotein E (apoE), the major genetic risk factor for AD, disrupts Aβ clearance at the BBB. The cellular and molecular mechanisms, however, still remain unclear, particularly whether the BBB-associated brain capillary pericytes can contribute to removal of aggregated Aβ from brain capillaries, and whether removal of Aβ aggregates by pericytes requires apoE, and if so, is Aβ clearance on pericytes apoE isoform-specific.

Methods
We performed immunostaining for Aβ and pericyte biomarkers on brain capillaries (< 6 μm in diameter) on tissue sections derived from AD patients and age-matched controls, and APPSwe/0 mice and littermate controls. Human Cy3-Aβ42 uptake by pericytes was studied on freshly isolated brain slices from control mice, pericyte LRP1-deficient mice (Lrplox/lox;Cspg4-Cre) and littermate controls. Clearance of aggregated Aβ42 by mouse pericytes was studied on multi-spot glass slides under different experimental conditions including pharmacologic and/or genetic inhibition of the low density lipoprotein receptor related protein 1 (LRP1), an apoE receptor, and/or silencing mouse endogenous Apoe in the presence and absence of human astrocyte-derived lipidated apoE3 or apoE4. Student’s t-test and one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni's post-hoc test were used for statistical analysis.

Results
First, we found that 35% and 60% of brain capillary pericytes accumulate Aβ in AD patients and 8.5-month-old APPSw/0 mice, respectively, compared to negligible uptake in controls. Cy3-Aβ42 species were abundantly taken up by pericytes on cultured mouse brain slices via LRP1, as shown by both pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of LRP1 in pericytes. Mouse pericytes vigorously cleared aggregated Cy3-Aβ42 from multi-spot glass slides via LRP1, which was inhibited by pharmacologic and/or genetic knockdown of mouse endogenous apoE. Human astrocyte-derived lipidated apoE3, but not apoE4, normalized Aβ42 clearance by mouse pericytes with silenced mouse apoE.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that BBB-associated pericytes clear Aβ aggregates via an LRP1/apoE isoform-specific mechanism. These data support the role of LRP1/apoE interactions on pericytes as a potential therapeutic target for controlling Aβ clearance in AD.
Evaluation of PACE4 isoforms as biomarkers in thyroid cancer
Authors: Fradet Laurent , Temmar Rabia , Couture Frédéric , Belzile Mathieu , Fortier Pierre-Hugues , Day Robert 
Published: October 2018

Background To date, no single molecular marker has been demonstrated as clinically useful in differentiating malignant from benign thyroid nodules when a fine needle aspiration falls in the “unknown significance” categories of the Bethesda Classification. PACE4, a member of the proprotein convertase family of enzymes, has been shown to play a major role in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer, through the formation of an oncogenic isoform named PACE4-altCT. PACE4 isoforms have also been suggested to play a role in other cancers, including thyroid cancer, but have never been investigated in a detailed manner. Our objective is to compare the histochemical distribution of the two major PACE4 isoforms in benign and malignant thyroid nodules, in order to determine their potential usefulness as discriminatory biomarkers. Methods Thyroid tissues of patients who underwent thyroidectomy were classified according to final pathology. Corresponding tissue sections were immunostained, using two previously validated antibodies raised against the C-terminal end of the two PACE4 isoforms, namely the full-length PACE4 protein (PACE4-FL) and its alternative isoform (PACE4-altCT). Nodules were compared with adjacent normal parenchyma and immunostaining was rated as “low” or “high” by a head and neck pathologist. Results Non-lesional thyroid parenchyma did not express PACE4-FL ( p = 0.002). As a group, malignant ( n = 17) nodules expressed PACE4-FL significantly more than benign ( n = 24) nodules (percentage of high immunostaining: 52.9% vs 4.2%; p = 0.001). Reciprocally, there was a statistically lower expression of PACE4-altCT in malignant nodules than in adjacent non-lesional parenchyma ( p = 0.014). The specificity of a high PACE4-FL immunostaining in determining malignancy was 95.8% (95% CI, 78.9% to 99.9%). Conclusion This study supports the previously described relationship between PACE4-FL and PACE4-altCT through alternative splicing. It also suggests that PACE4-FL is a promising biomarker for thyroid malignancy. Its high specific expression for malignancy could make it an interesting “rule in” test for thyroid cancer. Further prospective, quantitative studies are currently being designed to address how measurements of PACE4 isoforms could be used in a clinical setting. Trial registration This study does not report the results of a health care intervention on human participants. It was nonetheless registered on ClinicalTrials.gov under reference number NCT03160482 .
Montgomery and shared decision-making: implications for good psychiatric practice
Authors: Adshead Gwen , Crepaz-Keay David , Deshpande Mayura , Fulford K.W.M (Bill) , Richards Veryan 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThe 2015 Supreme Court judgment in Montgomery v Lanarkshire Health Board [2015] UKSC 11 established that consent to medical treatment requires shared decision-making based on dialogue between the clinician and patient. In this editorial, we examine what Montgomery means for standards of good psychiatric practice, and argue that it represents an opportunity for delivering best practice in psychiatric care.Declaration of interestNone.