bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lebensqualität als Zielkriterium in der Schizophrenietherapie
Authors: Bullinger Monika , Kuhn Jens , Leopold Karolina , Janetzky Wolfgang , Wietfeld Rita 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Berücksichtigung der Lebensqualität hat sich in den in den letzten 50 Jahren zu einem wichtigen Konzept einer patientenorientierten Medizin entwickelt. Mit ihm soll das subjektive Erleben der Patienten erfassbar und in seinen verschiedenen Dimensionen beschreibbar gemacht werden. Heute ist die Lebensqualität als patientenberichteter Endpunkt auch integraler Bestandteil der frühen Nutzenbewertung nach dem Arzneimittelmarkt-Neuordnungsgesetz (AMNOG). In der Therapie schizophrener Patienten hat sich die Verbesserung der Lebensqualität als akzeptiertes Zielkriterium allerdings erst mit Verzögerung etabliert.
Evaluation of Placental Perfusion Based on Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Diffusion Weighted Imaging (IVIM-DWI) and Its Predictive Value for Late-Onset Fetal Growth Restriction
Authors: Shi Hui , Quan Xianyue , Liang Wen , Li Xinming , Ai Bin , Liu Hongsheng 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate placental blood perfusion in middle and late pregnancy and explore its predictive value for fetal growth restriction (FGR).
Methods All pregnant women included in the study were examined using placental intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI). Three IVIM parameters (D, f, D*) were obtained for each pregnant woman and analyzed using Image J software. Perfusion fraction f is a radiological marker of placental perfusion. The pulsatility index (PI) of the uterine artery is used to indirectly evaluate placental function.
Results f-values were significantly lower in the late-onset FGR group compared to the normal late pregnancy group (19.07 vs. 27.78%). In addition, uterine artery PI values were markedly increased in the late-onset FGR group compared to the normal late pregnancy group (1.96 vs. 1.03), and neonatal weight was significantly lower in the late-onset FGR group (2.75 vs. 3.18 kg). There was a significant positive correlation between f-value, uterine artery PI and neonatal weight (r = 0.968, p < 0.01; r = 0.959, p < 0.01). There was a significant negative correlation between f-value and age of gestation (r = − 0.534, p < 0.01).
Conclusion Perfusion fraction f was strongly correlated with uterine artery blood flow resistance as measured by color Doppler and had a certain predictive value for late-onset FGR.
Acyl Radical Chemistry via Visible-Light Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Ngai Ming-Yu , Banerjee Arghya , Lei Zhen 
Published: December 2018

Visible-light photoredox catalysis enables easy access to acyl radicals under mild reaction conditions. Reactive acyl radicals, generated from various acyl precursors such as aldehydes, α-keto acids, carboxylic acids, anhydrides, acyl thioesters, acyl chlorides, or acyl silanes, can undergo a diverse range of synthetically useful transformations, which were previously difficult or inaccessible. This review summarizes the recent progress on visible-light-driven acyl radical generation using transition-metal photoredox catalysts, metallaphotocatalysts, hypervalent iodine catalysts or organic photocatalysts.1	Introduction2	The Scope of This Review3	Aldehydes as a Source of Acyl Radicals4	α-Keto Acids as a Source of Acyl Radicals5	Carboxylic Acids as a Source of Acyl Radicals6	Anhydrides as a Source of Acyl Radicals7	Acyl Thioesters as a Source of Acyl Radicals8	Acyl Chlorides as a Source of Acyl Radicals9	Acyl Silanes as a Source of Acyl Radicals10	Conclusions and Future Outlook
Two Cases of Transverse Testicular Ectopia in Consanguineous Boys
Authors: Abdelmalak Mohamed , Waheeb Saber , Koraitim Ahmed , Mahdy Dina , ElMigeid Deena 
Published: December 2018

Crossed testicular ectopia (CTE)/transverse testicular ectopia (TTE) is a rare condition occurring in only 1 in 4 million male patients, in which both testes migrate toward the same hemiscrotum.We report on two cases of TTE in first degree cousins (1 + 3 years of age).Both presented with right nonpalpable testis. On diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, the right testis was located above the left testis in both patients. Right orchiopexy was performed after passing the right testis through the median raphe of the scrotum followed by ipsilateral left scrotal orchiopexy.
An Unusual Complication of Pericarditis
Authors: Rad Ashraf , Lange Ulrich , Makowski Bartholomaeus , Held Thomas , Schönwälder Jürgen , Schmoeckel Michael 
Published: December 2018

Background According to current guidelines, acute pericarditis is an inflammatory pericardial syndrome with or without pericardial effusion.
Case Description We report on a patient who was treated for purulent pericarditis and developed a fistula from the ascending aorta to the right ventricle (RV), leading to cardiac decompensation. Operative closure of the aortic and RV perforation solved the problem.
Conclusion Bacterial pericarditis may lead to life-threatening complications. Early diagnosis and immediate therapy are essential for a successful outcome.
Porcine Dermal Xenograft as Augmentation in the Treatment of Large Rotator Cuff Tears: Clinical and Magnetic Resonance Results at 2-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Castagna Alessandro , Cesari Eugenio , Di Matteo Berardo , Osimani Marcello , Garofalo Raffaele , Kon Elizaveta , Marcacci Maurilio , Chillemi Claudio 
Published: December 2018

Purpose The aim of the present retrospective study is to describe the results obtained at 2-year follow-up by using a porcine dermis-derived collagen membrane implanted as augmentation to treat large rotator cuff tears.
Methods Thirty-five patients in total were included according to the following criteria: large or massive rotator cuff tear, confirmed during surgery, measuring between 3 and 5 cm in width and stage 1 to 2 fatty infiltration documented at magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Patients underwent arthroscopic repair of the cuff augmented by the implantation of a porcine dermal collagen membrane. Patients were evaluated up to 24 months after surgery by the Constant score and MRI imaging to assess functional outcomes and re-tear rate. The results obtained were compared to those of a matched cohort of 35 patients operated by arthroscopic repair alone by the same surgical team.
Results The application of the porcine membrane proved to be safe without scaffold-related adverse events documented. A statistically significant difference in the Constant score in favor of the treatment group was documented at the final evaluation (p = 0.036). Furthermore, a subgroup analysis revealed that patients treated by augmentation and presenting re-tear at MRI showed a significantly higher functional outcome compared with control patients with MRI evidence of re-tear (p = 0.0136).
Conclusion Arthroscopic repair augmented by porcine dermal xenograft for the treatment of chronic and retracted rotator cuff tears with low-grade fatty degeneration proved to be safe and also effective, with higher functional score compared with the arthroscopic repair alone.
Level of Evidence This is a Level III, retrospective cohort study.
Microsurgical Resection of Craniocervical Dermoid Cyst by Far Lateral Approach: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Meguins Lucas , Spotti Antonio , Morais Dionei , Rocha Carlos , Caramanti Ricardo , Góes Mario 
Published: December 2018

Introduction Intracranial dermoid tumors represent a rare clinical entity that accounts for 0.04 to 0.6% of all intracranial tumors. Their location in the posterior fossa is uncommon.
Objectives To report the case of a young woman with a posterior fossa dermoid cyst treated by right far lateral approach.
Case Report A 17-year-old woman presenting with swallowing difficulties for 6 weeks was referred for a neurological investigation. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan showed a hyperintense T1-weighted large expansive lesion occupying the posterior fossa and compressing the anterior face of the brain stem and cerebellum. The patient underwent surgical treatment by right far lateral approach with decompression of vascular and neural structures. The patient presented an uneventful recovery, and was discharged home on the fourth postoperative day without any additional neurological deficits. The anatomopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of dermoid cyst.
Conclusion The far lateral approach is a safe and feasible route to appropriately treat large posterior fossa dermoid cysts. Decompression of vascular and neural structures is essential to achieve good symptom control.
Polygene Formen der Adipositas und Störungs-übergreifende Analysen
Authors: Giuranna J. , Antel J. , Libuda L. , Reinehr T. , Peters T. , Hebebrand J. , Hinney A. 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungNeben monogenen Formen und Hauptgen-Effekten sind für die genetische Prädisposition zur Adipositas polygene Mechanismen relevant. Meta-Analysen von genom-weiten Assoziationsstudien (GWAMA) haben mehr als 700 polygene Loci oder Polygene identifiziert, die genom-weit mit dem Body Mass index (BMI) assoziiert sind. Diese prädisponierenden Genvarianten (Allele) finden sich bei adipösen Probanden häufiger als bei normalgewichtigen oder schlanken Individuen. Mittels statistischer Analysen wurden diese Allele als Adipositas-Risikoallele klassifiziert. Jede einzelne polygene Variante leistet nur einen kleinen Beitrag zur Entwicklung einer Adipositas und erhöht das Gewicht pro Risikoallel nur um ca. hundert Gramm bis 1,5 Kilogramm. Der Erfolg der GWAMA hat in letzter Zeit Phänotyp übergreifende, sogenannte Cross- Disorder- und Cross-Phänotyp-Analysen, ermöglicht. Dabei können Risiko-Gene identifiziert werden, die mittels Analysen der einzelnen Erkrankungen / Phänotypen nicht entdeckt werden konnten. Funktionelle Studien (in vitro und in vivo) der GWAMA-abgeleiteten Polygene können zu einem besseren Verständnis der Mechanismen der Körpergewichtsregulation führen.
Unterschiede in der Mahlzeitenhäufigkeit und Kohlenhydrataufnahme von Heranwachsenden mit Typ-1-Diabetes und stoffwechselgesunden Gleichaltrigen und Zusammenhang zur Stoffwechselkontrolle
Authors: Bächle Christina , Hoyer Annika , Castillo-Reinado Katty , Stahl-Pehe Anna , Kuß Oliver , Holl Reinhard , Kersting Mathilde , Rosenbauer Joachim ,   In Zusammenarbeit mit der Erhebungseinheit für Seltene Pädiatrische Erkrankungen in Deutschland (ESPED) und der DPV-Wiss-Initiative, unterstützt durch das Deutsche Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V. (DZD)
Published: December 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Die Ernährung von Menschen mit Typ-1-Diabetes kann sich aufgrund von krankheitsbedingten Faktoren, die wiederum den Diabetesverlauf beeinflussen können, von der Ernährung gesunder Gleichaltriger unterscheiden. In dieser Querschnittsstudie wurden die Mahlzeitenhäufigkeit sowie die daraus resultierende Kohlenhydrataufnahme bei Heranwachsenden mit intensiv behandeltem Typ-1-Diabetes und stoffwechselgesunden Gleichaltrigen verglichen und Zusammenhänge mit der Stoffwechselkontrolle unter den Diabetespatienten analysiert.
Methoden Die Ernährungsdaten von 712 11- bis unter 19-Jährigen einer bundesweiten populationsbasierten Erhebung zum Verlauf des früh manifesten Typ-1-Diabetes (52,7 % männlich, Durchschnittsalter 15,6 Jahre) wurden mit 949 Ernährungsprotokollen von 296 stoffwechselgesunden Teilnehmern der DONALD Kohortenstudie (49,7 % männlich, Durchschnittsalter 14,4 Jahre) unter Anwendung linearer gemischter Modelle verglichen. Außerdem wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen der Mahlzeitenhäufigkeit und / oder dem Kohlenhydratverzehr mit der Stoffwechselkontrolle (HbA1c) mit Hilfe multipler linearer Regressionsmodelle analysiert.
Ergebnisse Nach einer umfassenden Adjustierung verzehrten die Diabetespatienten durchschnittlich 4,6 [95 %-Konfidenzintervall 3,6; 5,5] Mahlzeiten pro Woche mehr, jedoch 75,9 [64,5; 87,3] Gramm Kohlenhydrate pro Tag weniger als die Vergleichsgruppe. Die Häufigkeit des Frühstückens, Mittagessens, Abendessens und der Einnahme von Zwischenmahlzeiten war bei Patienten mit Diabetes höher, dagegen nahmen sie bei jeder Mahlzeit weniger Kohlenhydrate zu sich. Die Gesamt-Kohlenhydrataufnahme sowie die Aufnahme von Kohlenhydraten beim Frühstück waren mit höheren HbA1c-Werten verbunden, während eine erhöhte Frühstücksfrequenz mit niedrigeren HbA1c-Werten einherging.
Schlussfolgerung Es bestand ein Unterschied in der Mahlzeitenhäufigkeit und Kohlenhydrataufnahme von Heranwachsenden mit früh manifestem Typ-1-Diabetes und Gleichaltrigen ohne Diabetes. Die beobachteten Zusammenhänge mit der Stoffwechselkontrolle stellen das Konzept einer völlig liberalisierten Essfrequenz und Kohlenhydrataufnahme bei Patienten mit intensivierter Insulintherapie infrage.
Case Salience and the Influence of External Constraints on the Supreme Court
Authors: Strother Logan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRecent scholarship suggests that Supreme Court decision making is significantly constrained by Congress and the public, often arguing that case salience is a key factor in the operation of these constraints. However, scholars have developed different theoretical expectations regarding the effects of case salience on justices and have found empirical support for mutually contradictory theories. Furthermore, these studies rely on an endogenous measure of case salience. I replicate two leading studies using a theoretically appropriate measure of case salience in order to shed new light on this important topic, finding evidence of constraint from the public in salient cases.
3-Bromopyruvate Attenuates Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension via Inhibition of Glycolysis
Authors: Zhang Yun-Long , Zhang Rui , Shen Yi-Fan , Huang Kai-Yue , He Yang-Yang , Zhao Jun-Han , Jing Zhi-Cheng 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The shift of metabolism from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis and mitochondria binding partner of hexokinase are features common to cancer. These have been seen in pulmonary hypertension (PH) as well. An inhibitor of hexokinase 2 (HK 2), the small molecule 3-bromopyruvate (3-BrPA) is an incredibly powerful and swift-acting anticancer agent. However, whether it could be of potential benefit to PH has still been unknown.

METHODS
Sprague–Dawley rats with monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PH were administered 2 oral doses of 3-BrPA (15 and 30 mg/kg/day, respectively) for 14 days. Hemodynamic parameters were obtained by right heart catheterization. Histopathology, immunohistochemistry, transmission electron microscopy, flow cytometry, and assessments of relative protein expressions were conducted.

RESULTS
Compared with MCT treatment, 3-BrPA decreased mean pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance, and increased cardiac output. 3-BrPA significantly suppressed proliferation in addition to enhancing apoptosis of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, attenuating small pulmonary artery remodeling and right ventricular hypertrophy. Treatment with 3-BrPA markedly reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential and restored mitochondrial structure. Furthermore, 3-BrPA significantly inhibited HK 2 expression but not HK 1. The expression of both pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase and lactate dehydrogenase was decreased whereas that of pyruvate dehydrogenase and cytosolic cytochrome c was upregulated with 3-BrPA administration.

CONCLUSION
This study demonstrates the reversal of PH by 3-BrPA is related to alteration in glycolysis and improved mitochondria function, indicating the “metabolic targeting” as a rational therapeutic strategy for PH.
Can patients with cerebellar disease switch learning mechanisms to reduce their adaptation deficits?
Authors: Wong Aaron L , Marvel Cherie L , Taylor Jordan A , Krakauer John W 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Systematic perturbations in motor adaptation tasks are primarily countered by learning from sensory-prediction errors, with secondary contributions from other learning processes. Despite the availability of these additional processes, particularly the use of explicit re-aiming to counteract observed target errors, patients with cerebellar degeneration are surprisingly unable to compensate for their sensory-prediction error deficits by spontaneously switching to another learning mechanism. We hypothesized that if the nature of the task was changed—by allowing vision of the hand, which eliminates sensory-prediction errors—patients could be induced to preferentially adopt aiming strategies to solve visuomotor rotations. To test this, we first developed a novel visuomotor rotation paradigm that provides participants with vision of their hand in addition to the cursor, effectively setting the sensory-prediction error signal to zero. We demonstrated in younger healthy control subjects that this promotes a switch to strategic re-aiming based on target errors. We then showed that with vision of the hand, patients with cerebellar degeneration could also switch to an aiming strategy in response to visuomotor rotations, performing similarly to age-matched participants (older controls). Moreover, patients could retrieve their learned aiming solution after vision of the hand was removed (although they could not improve beyond what they retrieved), and retain it for at least 1 year. Both patients and older controls, however, exhibited impaired overall adaptation performance compared to younger healthy controls (age 18–33 years), likely due to age-related reductions in spatial and working memory. Patients also failed to generalize, i.e. they were unable to adopt analogous aiming strategies in response to novel rotations. Hence, there appears to be an inescapable obligatory dependence on sensory-prediction error-based learning—even when this system is impaired in patients with cerebellar disease. The persistence of sensory-prediction error-based learning effectively suppresses a switch to target error-based learning, which perhaps explains the unexpectedly poor performance by patients with cerebellar degeneration in visuomotor adaptation tasks.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNA Detected in the Central Nervous System (CNS) After Years of Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy Can Originate from a Replicating CNS Reservoir or Clonally Expanded Cells
Authors: Joseph Sarah B , Kincer Laura P , Bowman Natalie M , Evans Chris , Vinikoor Michael J , Lippincott Christopher K , Gisslén Magnus , Spudich Serena , Menezes Prema , Robertson Kevin , Archin Nancie , Kashuba Angela , Eron Joseph J , Price Richard W , Swanstrom Ronald 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) populations are detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of some people on suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART). Detailed analysis of these populations may reveal whether they are produced by central nervous system (CNS) reservoirs.

Methods
We performed a study of 101 asymptomatic participants on stable ART. HIV-1 RNA concentrations were cross-sectionally measured in CSF and plasma. In participants with CSF HIV-1 RNA concentrations sufficient for analysis, viral populations were genetically and phenotypically characterized over multiple time points.

Results
For 6% of participants (6 of 101), the concentration of HIV-1 RNA in their CSF was ≥0.5 log copies/mL above that of plasma (ie, CSF escape). We generated viral envelope sequences from CSF of 3 participants. One had a persistent CSF escape population that was macrophage-tropic, partially drug resistant, genetically diverse, and closely related to a minor macrophage-tropic lineage present in the blood prior to viral suppression and enriched for after ART. Two participants (1 suppressed and 1 not) had transient CSF escape populations that were R5 T cell-tropic with little genetic diversity.

Conclusions
Extensive analysis of viral populations in 1 participant revealed that CSF escape was from a persistently replicating population, likely in macrophages/microglia, present in the CNS over 3 years of ART. CSF escape in 2 other participants was likely produced by trafficking and transient expansion of infected T cells in the CNS. Our results show that CNS reservoirs can persist during ART and that CSF escape is not exclusively produced by replicating CNS reservoirs.
Nonsecretor Histo–blood Group Antigen Phenotype Is Associated With Reduced Risk of Clinical Rotavirus Vaccine Failure in Malawian Infants
Authors: Pollock Louisa , Bennett Aisleen , Jere Khuzwayo C , Dube Queen , Mandolo Jonathan , Bar-Zeev Naor , Heyderman Robert S , Cunliffe Nigel A , Iturriza-Gomara Miren 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
Histo–blood group antigen (HBGA) Lewis/secretor phenotypes predict genotype-specific susceptibility to rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE). We tested the hypothesis that nonsecretor/Lewis-negative phenotype leads to reduced vaccine take and lower clinical protection following vaccination with G1P[8] rotavirus vaccine (RV1) in Malawian infants

Methods
A cohort study recruited infants receiving RV1 at age 6 and 10 weeks. HBGA phenotype was determined by salivary enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RV1 vaccine virus shedding was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in stool collected on alternate days for 10 days post-immunization. Plasma rotavirus–specific immunoglobulin A was determined by ELISA pre- and post-immunization. In a case-control study, HBGA phenotype distribution was compared between RV1-vaccinated infants with RVGE and 1:1 age-matched community controls. Rotavirus genotype was determined by RT-PCR.

Results
In 202 cohort participants, neither overall vaccine virus fecal shedding nor seroconversion differed by HBGA phenotype. In 238 case-control infants, nonsecretor phenotype was less common in infants with clinical vaccine failure (odds ratio [OR], 0.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.20–0.75). Nonsecretor phenotype was less common in infants with P[8] RVGE (OR, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.03–0.50) and P[4] RVGE (OR, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.04–0.75). Lewis-negative phenotype was more common in infants with P[6] RVGE (OR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.4–7.2).

Conclusions
Nonsecretor phenotype was associated with reduced risk of rotavirus vaccine failure. There was no significant association between HBGA phenotype and vaccine take. These data refute the hypothesis that high prevalence of nonsecretor/Lewis-negative phenotypes contributes to lower rotavirus vaccine effectiveness in Malawi.