bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A rapid and accurate methylation‐sensitive high‐resolution melting analysis assay for the diagnosis of Prader Willi and Angelman patients
Authors: Ribeiro Ferreira Igor , Darleans dos Santos Cunha Wilton , Henrique Ferreira Gomes Leonardo , Azevedo Cintra Hiago , Lopes Cabral Guimarães Fonseca Letícia , Ferreira Bastos Elenice , Clinton Llerena Juan , Farias Meira de Vasconcelos Zilton , da Cunha Guida Letícia 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundPrader Willi (PWS) and Angelman (AS) syndromes are rare genetic disorders characterized by deletions, uniparental disomy, and imprinting defects at chromosome 15. The loss of function of specific genes caused by genetic alterations in paternal allele causes PWS while the absence in maternal allele results AS. The laboratory diagnosis of PWS and AS is complex and demands molecular biology and cytogenetics techniques to identify the genetic mechanism related to the development of the disease. The DNA methylation analysis in chromosome 15 at the SNURF‐SNRPN locus through MS‐PCR confirms the diagnosis and distinguishes between PWS and AS. Our study aimed to establish the MS‐PCR technique associated with High‐Resolution Melting (MS‐HRM) in PWS and AS diagnostic with a single pair of primers.MethodsWe collected blood samples from 43 suspected patients to a cytogenetic and methylation analysis. The extracted DNA was treated with bisulfite to perform comparative methylation analysis.ResultsMS‐HRM and MS‐PCR agreed in 100% of cases, identifying 19(44%) PWS, 3(7%) AS, and 21(49%) Normal. FISH analysis detected four cases of PWS caused by deletions in chromosome 15.ConclusionThe MS‐HRM showed good performance with a unique pair of primers, dispensing electrophoresis gel analysis, offering a quick and reproducible diagnostic.
Extended kinetic method study of the effect of ortho‐, meta‐, and para‐chlorination on the proton affinity of phenylalanine with full entropy analysis
Authors: Shin Joong‐Won 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAbsolute proton affinities (PAs) of phenylalanine, ortho‐chlorophenylalanine, meta‐chlorophenylalanine, and para‐chlorophenylalanine were determined using the extended kinetic method with full entropy analysis to investigate the effect of chlorination on the PA of phenylalanine. The measured absolute PAs of the molecules are 907.9 ± 2.3, 901.9 ± 2.2, 889.0 ± 2.8, and 904.9 ± 3.1 kJ·mol−1, respectively. The decrease and variations in the PAs upon chlorination are investigated based on the electronegativity of chlorine, polarizability, dipole moment, and the substituent effect. The effect of electronegativity of chlorine fails to explain differences in the PAs of the chlorine derivatives, and the ordering of the PAs is also not in line with polarizability. However, the ordering of dipole moments and substituent effects are, in part, consistent with that of the measured PAs except for the para and ortho derivatives, respectively. Thus, while no one molecular property fully explains the decrease in the absolute PA upon chlorination and its variation depending on the chlorination site, differences in dipole moments and the field effect provide the most plausible explanation for the observed changes.
Regularity inheritance in pseudorandom graphs
Authors: Allen Peter , Böttcher Julia , Skokan Jozef , Stein Maya 
Published: April 2019

Advancing the sparse regularity method, we prove one‐sided and two‐sided regularity inheritance lemmas for subgraphs of bijumbled graphs, improving on results of Conlon, Fox, and Zhao. These inheritance lemmas also imply improved H‐counting lemmas for subgraphs of bijumbled graphs, for some H.
Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Modify Lung Immunity and Improve Antibacterial Defense in Pneumosepsis Caused byKlebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Perlee Desiree , Vos Alex F. , Scicluna Brendon P. , Mancheño Pablo , Rosa Olga , Dalemans Wilfried , Nürnberg Peter , Lombardo Eleuterio , Poll Tom 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAdult mesenchymal stem cells exert immunomodulatory effects that might improve the host response during sepsis. Knowledge on the effect of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) in sepsis is limited. Klebsiella (K.) pneumoniae is a common cause of gram-negative pneumonia and sepsis. This study sought to determine the effect of human ASCs on the host response during pneumosepsis in mice. Mice were infected with K. pneumoniae via the airways to induce a gradually evolving infection in the lung culminating pneumosepsis. One or 6 hours after infection, mice were infused intravenously with ASCs or vehicle, and euthanized after 16 hours or 48 hours, respectively. The effects of freshly cultured and cryopreserved ASCs were compared, the latter formulation being more clinically relevant. Intravenously administered ASCs were visualized in lung tissue by immunostaining at 1 and 3 hours, but not at 15 hours after infusion. Although early after infection, ASCs did not or only modestly influence bacterial loads, they reduced bacterial burdens in lungs and distant organs at 48 hours. ASCs reduced the lung levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and attenuated lung pathology, but did not influence distant organ injury. ASCs strongly modified the lung transcriptome in uninfected mice and especially mice with pneumosepsis. Cryopreserved and cultured ASCs induced largely similar effects on the lung transcriptome. These data indicate that human ASCs induce profound immune modulatory effects in the lungs, resulting in reduced bacterial burdens and lung inflammation during pneumosepsis caused by a common human pathogen, suggesting that ASCs may be an adjunctive therapeutic in this condition. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:785–796
Principles for a Responsible Integration of Mindfulness in Individual Therapy
Authors: Michalak Johannes , Crane Catherine , Germer Christopher K. , Gold Eluned , Heidenreich Thomas , Mander Johannes , Meibert Petra , Segal Zindel V. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectivesMindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) like mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) teach mindfulness in a group-based format. Empirical research has shown that many therapists working in individual therapy integrate mindfulness practices (e.g., body scan, sitting meditation) into their treatments. However, research on this topic is in its infancy. The purpose of this paper is to present recommendations for a responsible use of mindfulness in individual therapy.MethodsInformed by a literature review, an expert group developed guidelines for a responsible use of mindfulness in individual therapy.ResultsRecommendations for the following issues were developed: (a) different types of integration; (b) diagnoses/clinical problems for which integration of mindfulness in individual therapy could be useful; (c) qualification of therapists; (d) case formulation; (e) the inquiry process; (f) types and optimal duration of mindfulness practices in individual therapy; (g) managing difficult experiences; (h) integration of mindfulness into individual therapy training programs. Finally, we formulate important topics for research on the integration of mindfulness into individual therapy.ConclusionsBy formulating recommendations for the most important issues of the integration of mindfulness into individual therapy, we want to stimulate the discussion on a responsible use of mindfulness in this setting. Since research on this topic is scarce, our recommendations can only be tentative.
ORDERING PROPERTIES OF EXTREME CLAIM AMOUNTS FROM HETEROGENEOUS PORTFOLIOS
Authors: Zhang Yiying , Cai Xiong , Zhao Peng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn the context of insurance, the smallest and largest claim amounts turn out to be crucial to insurance analysis since they provide useful information for determining annual premium. In this paper, we establish sufficient conditions for comparing extreme claim amounts arising from two sets of heterogeneous insurance portfolios according to various stochastic orders. It is firstly shown that the weak supermajorization order between the transformed vectors of occurrence probabilities implies the usual stochastic ordering between the largest claim amounts when the claim severities are weakly stochastic arrangement increasing. Secondly, sufficient conditions are established for the right-spread ordering and the convex transform ordering of the smallest claim amounts arising from heterogeneous dependent insurance portfolios with possibly different number of claims. In the setting of independent multiple-outlier claims, we study the effects of heterogeneity among sample sizes on the stochastic properties of the largest and smallest claim amounts in the sense of the hazard rate ordering and the likelihood ratio ordering. Numerical examples are provided to highlight these theoretical results as well. Not only can our results be applied in the area of actuarial science, but also they can be used in other research fields including reliability engineering and auction theory.
Experimental Investigation of 14C in the Primary Coolant of the 10 MW High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor
Authors: Xie F , Peng W , Cao J , Feng X , Wei L , Tong J , Li F , Sun K 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTThe very high temperature reactor (VHTR) is a development of the high-temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGRs) and one of the six proposed Generation IV reactor concept candidates. The 10 MW high temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTR-10) is the first pebble-bed gas-cooled test reactor in China. A sampling system for the measurement of carbon-14 (14C) was established in the helium purification system of the HTR-10 primary loop, which could sample 14C from the coolant at three locations. The results showed that activity concentration of 14C in the HTR-10 primary coolant was 1.2(1) × 102 Bq/m3 (STP). The production mechanisms, distribution characteristics, reduction routes, and release types of 14C in HTR-10 were analyzed and discussed. A theoretical model was built to calculate the amount of 14C in the core of HTR-10 and its concentration in the primary coolant. The activation reaction of 13C has been identified to be the dominant 14C source in the core, whereas in the primary coolant, it is the activation of 14N. These results can supplement important information for the source term analysis of 14C in HTR-10 and promote the study of 14C in HTGRs.
A sequential, exploratory, mixed-methods approach for development and validation of a context-specific knowledge, attitude and practice questionnaire on micronutrients for literate mothers of school-age children
Authors: Konapur Archana , Krishnapillai Madhavan Nair , Nagalla Balakrishna , Gavaravarapu SubbaRao M 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo develop and validate a context-specific comprehensive knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) questionnaire for literate mothers on factors affecting micronutrient status of 6–10-year-old children.DesignSequential exploratory mixed-methods study using focus group discussions (FGD) and psychometric validation.SettingSeven randomly selected villages with >500 households with three to five family members each, in Ghatkesar sub-district, Medchal district, Telangana state, India.ParticipantsLiterate mothers from middle-income households with at least one child (6–10 years) for FGD (n44), for testing the internal consistency (n80) and for test–retest reliability (n30).ResultsThe themes for FGD were diet diversity, micronutrients, cooking and eating practices, national programmes and sunlight exposure. Knowledge among caregivers about sources of micronutrients, deficiency symptoms, cooking/eating practices was low, while attitude towards diet diversity and sunlight was good. Non-availability of fruits and vegetables was a barrier to diet diversity. About 72 % of the questions from the item pool were based on FGD. After content validity, 125 items were selected for the questionnaire which, upon psychometric validation, was reduced to an eighty-eight-item questionnaire with difficulty index of 0·10–0·91, discrimination index of 0·09–0·68, Cronbach’sαof 0·78 (reliability of knowledge and attitude) and 0·50 (practice). A Bland–Altman plot showed good agreement between test and retest scores.ConclusionsThe questionnaire developed and validated using a sequential exploratory mixed-methods approach can be used for assessing KAP on micronutrients and factors affecting consumption of diverse diets in rural Indian households.
Type 2 diabetes and physical activity: barriers and enablers to diabetes control in Eastern India
Authors: Sanghamitra Pati , Eunice Lobo , Sandipana Pati , Shayma Desaraju , Pranab Mahapatra 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Introduction:
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has tremendous morbidity burden owing to disease management and complication prevention. Behavior modification identified as a key to management includes healthy diet and regular physical activity (PA). This study aims to identify patterns and preferences of PA of T2D patients and explore perceived enablers and barriers for diabetes control in Bhubaneswar.

Methods:
Cross-sectional, facility-based study conducted in the private sector from June to August 2014 recruited 321 T2D patients using semi-structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and associations of PA were computed.

Results:
Almost two-thirds of patients (59%) were reported performing PA frequently. Majority patients cited walking as the most preferred mode of PA (79%) with 41% performing PA daily. Actual versus perceived weight was a complete mismatch with most patients misjudging their weight. Reasons for enabling PA included ‘controlling diabetes’ and ‘doctor’s advice’ as key factors, while ‘lack of time’ and ‘unwillingness’ were main barriers among inactive patients.

Conclusion:
Counseling on PA by physicians during routine visits, along with tailored or patient-specific interventions should be considered. Focus on social support for positive behavioral changes and motivation play a central role in diabetes control.
Digital Trade, E-Commerce, the WTO and Regional Frameworks
Authors: JANOW MERIT E. , MAVROIDIS PETROS C. 
Published: April 2019

The digitalization of trade is a reality, and yet the regulation of the world trading system as embedded in the World Trade Organization (WTO) only tangentially, if at all, touches upon this issue. True, digitalization of the economy, the fourth industrial revolution as it is colloquially referred to, is a recent phenomenon, and to some extent post-dates the conclusion of the Uruguay round agreements (1994). True also, however, is the reality that the world trading system has shown a remarkable inability to adjust to modern business realities in its multilateral rule architecture. To the extent these transformations are being reflected in new rules, they are being introduced in regional or bilateral frameworks, albeit in an incomplete fashion. It is also the case that the world is witnessing several different regimes around data and information economy developing in the world today – most notably in the US, Europe, and China. As always, part of the reason that international frameworks have not been born stems from the fact that international rules rarely occur before domestic regulatory and legal regimes are well developed.
The paradox of productivity: agricultural productivity promotes food system inefficiency
Authors: Benton Tim G. , Bailey Rob 
Published: April 2019

Non-technical summaryThe principal policy focus for food has been to increase agricultural productivity and to liberalize markets allowing globalized trade. This focus has led to huge growth in the supply of agricultural produce, more calories becoming available, and price declining. The availability of cheaper calories increasingly underpins diets creating malnourishment through obesity, and global competition incentivizes producers who can produce the most, cheaply, typically with environmental damage. We propose re-focusing, away from yields per unit input, to the food system's overall productivity and efficiency – the number of people that can be fed healthily and sustainably per unit input.
Cohesion‐Induced Enhancement of Aeolian Saltation
Authors: Comola F. , Gaume J. , Kok J. F. , Lehning M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe wind‐driven saltation of granular material plays a key role in various geophysical processes on Earth, Mars, Venus, and Titan. Although interparticle cohesion is known to limit the number of grains lifted from the surface through aerodynamic entrainment and granular splash, the role of cohesion in the development of saltation from onset to steady state is still poorly understood. Using a numerical model based on the discrete element method, we show that saltation over cohesive beds sustains itself at wind speeds 1 order of magnitude smaller than those necessary to initiate it, giving rise to hysteresis in which the occurrence of transport depends on the history of the wind. Our results further suggest that saltation over cohesive beds requires much longer distances to saturate, thereby increasing the size of the smallest stable bed forms. These findings have implications for dune formation, dust emission, and snow sublimation over cohesive beds.
Laboratory Earthquakes in Large‐Scale Rock Experiments Reveal Singular Crack‐Like Rupture Dynamics
Authors: Svetlizky Ilya 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSlip initiation along natural faults is mediated through propagating rupture fronts. What mechanisms drive these ruptures, how fast they propagate, and what makes them stop are central questions of earthquakes source mechanics. Xu et al. (2019, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JB016797) and Kammer and McLaskey (2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2019.01.031) study rapid rupture propagation in large‐scale rock experiments. Their detailed high‐speed strain measurements reveal that rupture fronts are analogous to shear cracks, driven by singular fields at their tip. By comparing these measurements with simulations and analytical fracture mechanics solutions, the authors provide estimates of the fracture energy and frictional properties that regularize these singularities. Building on that, the fracture mechanics framework has been successfully employed to describe rupture arrest and propagation.
A calcium/cAMP signaling loop at the ORAI1 mouth drives channel inactivation to shape NFAT induction
Authors: Zhang Xuexin , Pathak Trayambak , Yoast Ryan , Emrich Scott , Xin Ping , Nwokonko Robert M. , Johnson Martin , Wu Shilan , Delierneux Céline , Gueguinou Maxime , Hempel Nadine , Putney James W. , Gill Donald L. , Trebak Mohamed 
Published: April 2019

AbstractORAI1 constitutes the store-operated Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channel crucial for life. Whereas ORAI1 activation by Ca2+-sensing STIM proteins is known, still obscure is how ORAI1 is turned off through Ca2+-dependent inactivation (CDI), protecting against Ca2+ toxicity. Here we identify a spatially-restricted Ca2+/cAMP signaling crosstalk critical for mediating CDI. Binding of Ca2+-activated adenylyl cyclase 8 (AC8) to the N-terminus of ORAI1 positions AC8 near the mouth of ORAI1 for sensing Ca2+. Ca2+ permeating ORAI1 activates AC8 to generate cAMP and activate PKA. PKA, positioned by AKAP79 near ORAI1, phosphorylates serine-34 in ORAI1 pore extension to induce CDI whereas recruitment of the phosphatase calcineurin antagonizes the effect of PKA. Notably, CDI shapes ORAI1 cytosolic Ca2+ signature to determine the isoform and degree of NFAT activation. Thus, we uncover a mechanism of ORAI1 inactivation, and reveal a hitherto unappreciated role for inactivation in shaping cellular Ca2+ signals and NFAT activation.
Anatomical and functional investigation of the marmoset default mode network
Authors: Liu Cirong , Yen Cecil Chern-Chyi , Szczupak Diego , Ye Frank Q. , Leopold David A. , Silva Afonso C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe default mode network (DMN) is associated with a wide range of brain functions. In humans, the DMN is marked by strong functional connectivity among three core regions: medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), posterior parietal cortex (PPC), and the medial parietal and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). Neuroimaging studies have shown that the DMN also exists in non-human primates, suggesting that it may be a conserved feature of the primate brain. Here, we found that, in common marmosets, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC; peak at A8aD) has robust fMRI functional connectivity and reciprocal anatomical connections with the posterior DMN core regions (PPC and PCC), while the mPFC has weak connections with the posterior DMN core regions. This strong dlPFC but weak mPFC connectivity in marmoset differs markedly from the stereotypical DMN in humans. The mPFC may be involved in brain functions that are further developed in humans than in other primates.
Conserved phosphorylation hotspots in eukaryotic protein domain families
Authors: Strumillo Marta J. , Oplová Michaela , Viéitez Cristina , Ochoa David , Shahraz Mohammed , Busby Bede P. , Sopko Richelle , Studer Romain A. , Perrimon Norbert , Panse Vikram G. , Beltrao Pedro 
Published: April 2019

AbstractProtein phosphorylation is the best characterized post-translational modification that regulates almost all cellular processes through diverse mechanisms such as changing protein conformations, interactions, and localization. While the inventory for phosphorylation sites across different species has rapidly expanded, their functional role remains poorly investigated. Here, we combine 537,321 phosphosites from 40 eukaryotic species to identify highly conserved phosphorylation hotspot regions within domain families. Mapping these regions onto structural data reveals that they are often found at interfaces, near catalytic residues and tend to harbor functionally important phosphosites. Notably, functional studies of a phospho-deficient mutant in the C-terminal hotspot region within the ribosomal S11 domain in the yeast ribosomal protein uS11 shows impaired growth and defective cytoplasmic 20S pre-rRNA processing at 16 °C and 20 °C. Altogether, our study identifies phosphorylation hotspots for 162 protein domains suggestive of an ancient role for the control of diverse eukaryotic domain families.
Quantum reservoir processing
Authors: Ghosh Sanjib , Opala Andrzej , Matuszewski Michał , Paterek Tomasz , Liew Timothy C. H. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe concurrent rise of artificial intelligence and quantum information poses an opportunity for creating interdisciplinary technologies like quantum neural networks. Quantum reservoir processing, introduced here, is a platform for quantum information processing developed on the principle of reservoir computing that is a form of an artificial neural network. A quantum reservoir processor can perform qualitative tasks like recognizing quantum states that are entangled as well as quantitative tasks like estimating a nonlinear function of an input quantum state (e.g., entropy, purity, or logarithmic negativity). In this way, experimental schemes that require measurements of multiple observables can be simplified to measurement of one observable on a trained quantum reservoir processor.