bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The potential of foods treated with supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) as novel foods
Authors: Smigic Nada , Djekic Ilija , Tomic Nikola , Udovicki Bozidar , Rajkovic Andreja 
Published: March 2019

PurposeSupercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) is a promising novel treatment that might be used in the food industry, such as sc-CO2pasteurisation and sc-CO2drying. Before sc-CO2treated foodstuffs may be introduced to European market, they have to be authorised according to novel food regulation. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to give an overview of available literature data on sc-CO2treated fruits and vegetables, which might be used for novel food authorisation.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on literature data available via Science Direct, EBSCO and Wiley concerning sc-CO2pasteurisation and drying of fruits/vegetables. Studies performed on animal foodstuffs were manually excluded, while articles related to novel foods and legislation were included in the study.FindingsDatabase search resulted 34 articles related to microbiological and compositional/nutritional changes in sc-CO2treated foods. Obtained data indicated that sc-CO2pasteurisation is effective in inactivating microorganisms in liquids, while no general conclusion on the microbiological quality of sc-CO2pasteurised solid foods or sc-CO2dried foods could be made. Available literature data showed that sc-CO2pasteurisation did not result in significant compositional/nutritional changes in liquids, while for sc-CO2pasteurised solid foods or sc-CO2dried foods, one is not able to make common conclusions due to insufficient research data. Therefore, additional research and case-by-case study for each treated food have to be prepared.Originality/valueThis study is original to the extent that it brought together available information on sc-CO2pasteurised and dried foods, needed the novel food application.
Measuring the quality of life of incarcerated individuals
Authors: Muller Ashley Elizabeth , Bukten Anne 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
Measuring quality of life (QoL) under incarceration can be used to track successful rehabilitation and risk of re-offending. However, few studies have measured QoL among general incarcerated populations, and it is important to use psychometrically strong measures that pose minimal burdens to respondents and administrators. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
The aim of this analysis was to explore the utility of a short generic tool measuring overall QoL, the QOL5, in an incarcerated population. The authors drew data from the Norwegian Offender Mental Health and Addiction Study, a cross-sectional survey of 1,499 individuals from Norwegian prisons.

Findings
Factor analysis suggested a unidimensional structure that explained 53.2 percent of variance in QoL scores. Intrascale correlations were high and internal consistency was acceptable (α=0.764). The QOL5 was strongly correlated with mental health, moderately correlated with exercise frequency and weakly correlated with ward security.

Practical implications
The QOL5 is a short measure that presents minimal burden to respondents and administrators. The authors recommend its further use in incarcerated populations to measure overall QoL as well as cross-cultural adaptation and validation in more languages.

Originality/value
In this analysis of the largest published sample to date of incarcerated individuals and their QoL, the QOL5 appears to be an acceptable and valid measure of overall QoL.
Mental health and wellbeing benefits from a prisons horticultural programme
Authors: Farrier Alan , Baybutt Michelle , Dooris Mark 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
In the context of current prison safety and reform, the purpose of this paper is to discuss findings of an impact evaluation of a horticultural programme delivered in 12 prisons in North West England.

Design/methodology/approach
The programme was evaluated using quantitative and qualitative methods, including Green Gym© questionnaires, the Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS) and Biographic-Narrative Interpretive Method interviews.

Findings
Against a backdrop of high rates of suicide, self-harm and poor mental health, the horticultural programme studied proved beneficial to prisoner participants, the most marked effect was on mental health and wellbeing. In addition to data related to the original mental health outcome indicators, the study revealed multiple layers of “added value” related to mental health arising from horticultural work in a prison setting.

Research limitations/implications
The main research limitations were the limited completion of follow-on questionnaires due to prisoners being released and the inability to conduct longitudinal data collection post-release. There was also concern about response bias and lack of resource to compare with the experience of prisoners not participating in the programme.

Social implications
Positive impacts on prisoners’ mental health and wellbeing included increased confidence, social interactions with staff and other prisoners and gaining skills and qualifications and work experience, increasing potential for post-release employment.

Originality/value
Benefits of horticulture work on health are well established. However, to date, there is little research concerning the effects this work may have on mental wellbeing of prisoners both within prisons and more so upon their release back into the community.
Values congruence in multicultural groups: the causal mapping method
Authors: Bogodistov Yevgen , Botts Moritz , Schlatterer Florian 
Published: March 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present the adoption and application of the causal mapping method for cognitive distances measurement in the multicultural domain.Design/methodology/approachCausal mapping was used to estimate differences in mental models between participants. The developed method was applied in a multicultural setting for the selection of teaching cases.FindingsIn the main study, 129 people participated in the test. Overall, 7,217 relationships were tested. A set of demographic variables were used to test the reliability and external validity of the method. The method proved to be reliable and easy to apply. A smaller second study is an application example of the method.Research limitations/implicationsThe main study proposes a formula for distance ratio calculation. Moreover, this formula proved to be externally valid and reliable. Thus, it is of interest for further research in this domain.Practical implicationsPractitioners are provided with a tool for the analysis of intercultural differences with the example of the perception of cultural values to develop a better understanding and improve education in a multicultural setting. Study 2 proposes an example of the methodology application.Originality/valueThis is the first application of causal mapping in the field of values research performed in a multicultural education setting. The formula for comparing causal maps is improved upon, and an application for the field of multicultural university classes is provided.
Spatiotemporal successions of shrimp gut microbial colonization: high consistency despite distinct species pool
Authors: Xiong Jinbo , Xuan Lixia , Yu Weina , Zhu Jinyong , Qiu Qiongfen , Chen Jiong 
Published: March 2019

SummaryAquatic animals encounter suites of novel planktonic microbes during their development. Although hosts have been shown to exert strong selection on their gut microbiota from surrounding environment, to what extent and the generality that the gut microbiota and the underlying ecological processes are affected by biotic and abiotic variations are largely unclear. Here, these concerns were explored by coupling spatiotemporal data on gut and rearing water bacterial communities with environmental variables over shrimp life stages at spatially distant locations. Shrimp gut microbiotas significantly changed mirroring their development, as evidenced by gut bacterial signatures of shrimp life stage contributing 95.5% stratification accuracy. Shrimp sourced little (2.6%–15.8%) of their gut microbiota from their rearing water. This microbial resistance was reflected by weak compositional differences between shrimp farming spatially distinct locations where species pools were distinct. Consistently, the assembly of shrimp gut microbiota was not adequately explained by the rearing water variables and bacterial community, but rather by host‐age‐associated biotic features. The successions of shrimp gut microbiota were droved by replacement (βsim), rather than by nestedness (βnes), while those of bacterioplankton communities were equally governed by replacement and nestedness. Our study highlights how shrimp gut bacterial community assembly is coupled to their development, rearing species pool, and that the successional pattern of host‐associated communities is differed from that of free‐living bacteria.
Individual and neighborhood characteristics as predictors of depression symptom response
Authors: Panaite Vanessa , Bowersox Nicholas W. , Zivin Kara , Ganoczy Dara , Kim Hyungjin Myra , Pfeiffer Paul N. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveAssess whether neighborhood characteristics predict patient‐reported outcomes for depression.Data SourcesVA electronic medical record data and U.S. census data.Study DesignRetrospective longitudinal cohort.Data Extraction MethodsNeighborhood and individual characteristics of patients (N = 4,269) with a unipolar depressive disorder diagnosis and an initial Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9) score ≥10 were used to predict 50 percent improvement in 4‐8‐month PHQ‐9 scores.Principal FindingsThe proportion of a patient's neighborhood living in poverty (OR = 0.98; 95% CI: 0.97‐.1.00; P = 0.03) was associated with lower likelihood of depression symptom improvement in addition to whether the patient was black (OR = 0.76; 95% CI:0.61‐0.96; P = 0.02) had PTSD (OR = 0.59; 95% CI:0.50‐0.69; P < 0.001) or had any service‐connected disability (OR = 0.73; 95% CI:0.61‐0.87; P < 0.001).ConclusionsNeighborhood poverty should be considered along with patient characteristics when determining likelihood of depression improvement.
Visceral adipose ratio as a novel predictor for acute bowel toxicity in patients receiving pelvic radiation: Preliminary dosimetric analysis and clinical validation
Authors: Hoover Andrew , Gunan Ganju Rohit , TenNapel Mindi , Chen Allen 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionDuring radiation treatment planning, the small bowel (SB) is often contoured as a ‘bowel bag’ encompassing the entire peritoneal space that may be occupied by SB. This method incorporates large volumes of visceral adipose, potentially resulting in misleading estimates of radiation dose to the SB. We evaluated the relative volume of adipose within the peritoneal space and applied this as a correction factor to standard bowel bag dosimetric measures, hypothesizing that corrected SB measures would better correlate with acute toxicity.MethodsEighteen consecutive patients receiving pelvic radiation for gynaecologic cancers over a 1‐year period at an academic medical centre were included. Bowel function was assessed with the Expanded Prostate Index Composite (EPIC) questionnaire. Bowel bags were contoured on simulation computed tomography (CT) scans. Adipose was auto‐contoured using previously published Hounsfield Unit criteria and used to create an adipose correction factor (ACF). The ACF was applied to V45 cc and V40% volumes to create adipose corrected measures (AC‐V45 cc and AC‐V40%). Correlations between EPIC scores and dosimetric measures were assessed using Spearman coefficients.ResultsV45 cc and V40% did not correlate with overall EPIC bowel domain score; however, AC‐V40% did show a significant correlation (P = 0.02). Correlations of V45 cc and V40% with the bowel bother subdomain of EPIC were both significantly improved by applying the ACF (P = 0.02 for AC‐V45 cc; P < 0.01 for AC‐V40%).ConclusionsAdipose corrected bowel bag dosimetric constraints correlate better with acute bowel toxicity than current standard practice. Longer follow‐up is needed to determine if similar findings are seen with late toxicity.
An early‐senescence state in aged mesenchymal stromal cells contributes to hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell clonogenic impairment through the activation of a pro‐inflammatory program
Authors: Gnani Daniela , Crippa Stefania , della Volpe Lucrezia , Rossella Valeria , Conti Anastasia , Lettera Emanuele , Rivis Silvia , Ometti Marco , Fraschini Gianfranco , Bernardo Maria Ester , Di Micco Raffaella 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) reside in the bone marrow (BM) niche and serve as a reservoir for mature blood cells throughout life. Aging in the BM is characterized by low‐grade chronic inflammation that could contribute to the reduced functionality of aged HSPC. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) in the BM support HSPC self‐renewal. However, changes in MSC function with age and the crosstalk between MSC and HSPC remain understudied. Here, we conducted an extensive characterization of senescence features in BM‐derived MSC from young and aged healthy donors. Aged MSC displayed an enlarged senescent‐like morphology, a delayed clonogenic potential and reduced proliferation ability when compared to younger counterparts. Of note, the observed proliferation delay was associated with increased levels of SA‐β‐galactosidase (SA‐β‐Gal) and lipofuscin in aged MSC at early passages and a modest but consistent accumulation of physical DNA damage and DNA damage response (DDR) activation. Consistent with the establishment of a senescence‐like state in aged MSC, we detected an increase in pro‐inflammatory senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors, both at the transcript and protein levels. Conversely, the immunomodulatory properties of aged MSC were significantly reduced. Importantly, exposure of young HSPC to factors secreted by aged MSC induced pro‐inflammatory genes in HSPC and impaired HSPC clonogenic potential in a SASP‐dependent manner. Altogether, our results reveal that BM‐derived MSC from aged healthy donors display features of senescence and that, during aging, MSC‐associated secretomes contribute to activate an inflammatory transcriptional program in HSPC that may ultimately impair their functionality.
Brain Imaging‐Guided Analysis Reveals DNA Methylation Profiles Correlated with Insular Surface Area and Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Zhao Yihong , Ge Yongchao , Zheng Zhi‐Liang 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundAlcohol use disorder (AUD) is a wide‐spread, heritable brain disease, but few studies have linked genetic variants or epigenetic factors to brain structures related to AUD in humans, due to many factors including the high‐dimensional nature of imaging and genomic data.MethodsTo provide potential insights into the links among epigenetic regulation, brain structure, and AUD, we have performed an integrative analysis of brain structural imaging and blood DNA methylome data from 52 AUD and 58 healthy control (HC) subjects collected in the Nathan Kline Institute‐Rockland Sample.ResultsWe first found that AUD subjects had significantly larger insular surface area than HC in both left and right hemispheres. We then found that 7,827 DNA methylation probes on the HumanMethylation450K BeadChip had significant correlations with the right insular surface area (false discovery rate [FDR] < 0.05). Furthermore, we showed that 44 of the insular surface area‐correlated methylation probes were also strongly correlated with AUD status (FDR < 0.05). These AUD‐correlated probes are annotated to 36 protein‐coding genes, with 16 genes (44%) having been reported by others to be related to AUD or alcohol response, including TAS2R16 and PER2. The remaining 20 genes, in particular ARHGAP22, might represent novel genes involved in AUD or responsive to alcohol.ConclusionsWe have identified 36 insular surface area‐ and AUD‐correlated protein‐coding genes that are either known to be AUD‐ or alcohol‐related or not yet reported by prior studies. Therefore, our study suggests that the brain imaging‐guided epigenetic analysis has a potential of identifying possible epigenetic mechanisms involved in AUD.
General practice nurse–led screening for anxiety in later life in Australian primary care settings
Authors: Hills Danny , Hills Sharon , Robinson Tracy , Northam Holly , Hungerford Catherine 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveTo test the feasibility of general practice nurse (GPN)–led screening for clinically significant symptoms of anxiety (CSSA) in older people and to estimate the prevalence of CSSA.MethodsGeneral practice nurse‐led screening for CSSA was undertaken in eight general practices by integrating the five‐item Geriatric Anxiety Inventory—Short Form (GAI‐SF) into the annual 75 years and older health assessment (75+ HA). Prevalence rates were calculated, and field notes were analysed.ResultsOver 30 months, 736 patients were screened for CSSA, with a detected prevalence rate of 20.1%. The application of the GAI‐SF into the 75+ HA was feasible and readily accepted by patients.ConclusionsThe five‐item GAI‐SF is an age‐appropriate screening tool for CSSA in general practice settings. Further research is warranted, particularly in relation to the development and implementation of evidence‐informed, general practice–based interventions for CSSA that can be effectively delivered to meet the needs of older people.
Systematic review: outcomes and adverse events from randomised trials in Crohn's disease
Authors: Catt Heather , Hughes Dyfrig , Kirkham Jamie J. , Bodger Keith 
Published: March 2019

SummaryBackgroundThe suitability of disease activity indices has been challenged, with growing interest in objective measures of inflammation.AimTo undertake a systematic review of efficacy and safety outcomes in placebo‐controlled randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of patients with Crohn's disease.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane Library were searched until November 2015, for RCTs of adult Crohn's disease patients treated with medical or surgical therapies. Data on efficacy and safety outcomes, end‐point definitions, and measurement instruments were extracted and stratified by publication date (pre‐2009 and 2009 onwards).ResultsOne hundred and eighty‐one RCTs (110 induction and 71 maintenance) were identified, including 23 850 patients. About 92.3% reported clinical efficacy endpoints. The Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) dominated, defining clinical response or remission in 63.5% of trials (35 definitions of response or remission). CDAI < 150 was the commonest endpoint, but reporting reduced between periods (46.4%‐41.1%), whilst use of CDAI100 increased (16.8%‐30.4%). Fistula studies most commonly reported fistula closure (9, 90.0%). Reporting of biomarker, endoscopy and histology endpoints increased overall (33.3%‐40.6%, 14.4%‐30.4% and 3.2%‐12.5%, respectively), but were heterogeneous and rarely reported in fistula trials. Patient‐reported outcome measures were reported in 41.4% of trials and safety endpoints in 35.4%. Many of the common adverse events relate to disease exacerbation or treatment failure.ConclusionsTrial endpoints vary across studies, over time and are distinct in fistula studies. Despite growth in reporting of objective measures of inflammation and in patient‐reported outcome measures, there is a lack of standardisation. This confirms the need for a core outcome set for comparative effectiveness research in Crohn's disease.
Symbolic spaces: Nationalism and compromise in the former border enclaves of Bangladesh and India
Authors: Ferdoush Md. Azmeary 
Published: March 2019

Bangladesh and India exchanged all of their 162 border enclaves in 2015 after 70 years of protracted negotiations. This paper offers an explanation as to why these enclaves were exchanged and why it took so long for the exchange to be executed. In so doing, I offer the concept of “symbolic spaces” to demonstrate that in postcolonial South Asia, enclaves gained oversized significance in nationalistic and territorial discourses. Such elevated significance effectively turned them into symbols of nationalism and territoriality, which played the major role in both their existence and their exchange. In explaining the exchange, I also contend that, although rare, states may exchange territories if it serves significant geopolitical and geo‐economic interests for the parties involved and if the exchange can be portrayed as a victory for the nation.
Beta diversity and oligarchic dominance in the tropical forests of Southern Costa Rica
Authors: Morera‐Beita Albert , Sánchez Damián , Wanek Wolfgang , Hofhansl Florian , Werner Huber , Chacón‐Madrigal Eduardo , Montero‐Muñoz Jorge L. , Silla Fernando 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRecent studies have reported a consistent pattern of strong dominance of a small subset of tree species in neotropical forests. These species have been called “hyperdominant” at large geographical scales and “oligarchs” at regional‐landscape scales when being abundant and frequent. Forest community assembly is shaped by environmental factors and stochastic processes, but so far the contribution of oligarchic species to the variation of community composition (i.e., beta diversity) remains poorly known. To that end, we established 20.1‐ha plots, that is, five sites with four forest types (ridge, slope and ravine primary forest, and secondary forest) per site, in humid lowland tropical forests of southwestern Costa Rica to (a) investigate how community composition responds to differences in topography, successional stage, and distance among plots for different groups of species (all, oligarch, common and rare/very rare species) and (b) identify oligarch species characterizing changes in community composition among forest types. From a total of 485 species of trees, lianas and palms recorded in this study only 27 species (i.e., 6%) were nominated as oligarch species. Oligarch species accounted for 37% of all recorded individuals and were present in at least half of the plots. Plant community composition significantly differed among forest types, thus contributing to beta diversity at the landscape scale. Oligarch species was the component best explained by geographical and topographic variables, allowing a confident characterization of the beta diversity among tropical lowland forest stands.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.