bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L’architecture fonctionnelle du langage et le modèle de la complexité en mosaïque
Authors: Robert Stéphane 
Published: February 2018

La séquentialité formelle du langage est traversée par un emboîtement de niveaux structurels qui peut être décrit suivant le modèle de la complexité en mosaïque issu de la description du vivant : les unités minimales d’un premier niveau sont regroupées par juxtaposition pour être intégrées en unités du niveau supérieur où elles se spécialisent dans de nouvelles fonctions. Ce modèle s’applique également à la construction du sens d’un énoncé où l’intégration du sens des parties dans le tout se caractérise par de remarquables effets non linéaires. Enfin, la distinction entre différents degrés d’intégration des parties dans le système permet d’ébaucher une typologie de la complexité structurelle des langues et des états de langues et d’ouvrir sur un modèle de production du langage.
La morale en mosaïque
Authors: Nurock Vanessa 
Published: February 2018

En développant l’hypothèse de la mosaïque proposée par Georges Chapouthier, on peut dresser les grandes lignes d’une morale en mosaïque et dégager les conséquences normatives de cette hypothèse. L’idée d’une mosaïque morale peut s’envisager de deux manières complémentaires, d’une part en s’intéressant à la question du pluralisme moral, en y incluant notamment la morale animale et la question des relations morales, d’autre part, en interrogeant la mosaïque que constitue notre capacité morale.
De l’ontologie au droit : quels fondements ?
Authors: Barthélémy Jean-Hugues 
Published: February 2018

Il s’agit d’abord de contextualiser puis de problématiser le « modèle de la complexité en mosaïque », qui fait la singularité de l’ontologie cosmogénétique de Chapouthier. Deux questions fondamentales sont alors abordées : quel rôle doit revenir à l’ontologie au sein des différentes problématiques de la philosophie ? Et que faut-il entendre par « droit » lorsqu’on se propose d’accorder des droits à l’animal ? C’est l’articulation entre ontologie, éthique et droit qui se prête à une refondation réorganisatrice. Un dialogue s’esquisse ainsi entre l’anthropologie proposée par Chapouthier et celle qui conduit à « l’humanisme décentré ».
Mosaïque et intégration : éléments historiques et épistémologiques
Authors: Dupont Jean-Claude 
Published: February 2018

Le modèle de complexité en mosaïque proposé par Georges Chapouthier repose sur deux principes de base : juxtaposition et intégration, mis au service d’une conception évolutionniste générale. La recherche d’une définition de l’intégration passe par une reconstitution de la généalogie du concept depuis Herbert Spencer, jusqu’à son enracinement dans la pensée biologique. Ce faisant, nous montrons la convergence du projet de Chapouthier avec la pensée spencérienne.
La complexité en mosaïque à l’épreuve du scepticisme
Authors: Forest Denis 
Published: February 2018

Trois questions sont posées au modèle de la complexité en mosaïque. La première porte sur la relation entre le modèle et son illustration, en privilégiant l’exemple du cortex cérébral et des conceptions rivales qui peuvent en être proposées. La seconde porte sur l’universalité des « principes » de juxtaposition et d’intégration, et sur la relation entre science et philosophie. La troisième porte sur la limitation du nombre de principes à deux : peut-on envisager d’autres manières de faire des touts que la juxtaposition et l’intégration ?
Réponses : approches philosophiques de la complexité en mosaïque
Authors: Chapouthier Georges 
Published: February 2018

Les analyses qui précèdent permettent d’esquisser deux types d’extension de la problématique soulevée. D’une part le modèle peut être étendu au langage et à la morale et comparé aux thèses de Herbert Spencer. D’autre part se dessinent aussi des « au-delà » philosophiques du modèle, qui mènent à des horizons ontologiques ou à des questionnements profonds sur la nature métaphysique du modèle proposé.
Un professeur de philosophie débutant sous le second Empire
Authors: Trochu Thibaud 
Published: February 2018

Deux lettres de 1866 et 1867 adressées par Théodule Ribot, alors jeune professeur de philosophie au lycée de Vesoul, à son condisciple Léonce Pingaud, et les rapports administratifs et pédagogiques rédigés dans les mêmes années par ses supérieurs hiérarchiques sur sa conduite et son enseignement permettent d’illustrer la situation des professeurs de philosophie sous le Second Empire.
Genomic integration of HHV-6 mimicking viral reactivation after autologous stem cell transplantation
Authors: Mineri Rossana , Mariotti Jacopo , Sarina Barbara , Morabito Lucio , Crocchiolo Roberto , Bramanti Stefania , Sarno Tiziana , Tordato Federica , Carlo-stella Carmelo , Santoro Armando , Castagna Luca 
Published: February 2018

The monitoring of HHV-6 after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSTC) has proven to be useful in preventing life-threatening complications; however, the pathogenic role of HHV-6 after autologous HSCT is not well-characterized, although viral reactivation might be responsible for significant complications even after autologous HSCT. Here we report for the first time to our knowledge the case of a patient with genomic integration of HHV-6, presenting with high titers of HHV-6 after autologous HSCT, mimicking HHV-6 reactivation. The presence of viral DNA in the follicle bulb confirmed the genomic integration and allowed the discontinuation of the antiviral treatment to the patient. This case might be helpful for discriminate HHV-6 reactivation from viral integration, thus avoiding unnecessary and potentially toxic antiviral therapy once the genomic integration is confirmed.
ELOTUZUMAB FOR THE TREATMENT OF RELAPSED OR REFRACTORY MULTIPLE MYELOMA, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ITS MODES OF ACTION AND SLAMF7 SIGNALING
Authors: Taniwaki Masafumi , Yoshida Mihoko , Matsumoto Yosuke , Shimura Kazuho , Kuroda Junya , Kaneko Hiroto 
Published: February 2018

Elotuzumab, targeting signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family 7 (SLAMF7), has been approved in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone (ELd) for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM) based on the findings of the phase III randomized trial ELOQUENT-2 (NCT01239797). Four-year follow-up analyses of ELOQUENT-2 have demonstrated that progression-free survival was 21% in ELd versus 14% in Ld. Elotuzumab binds a unique epitope on the membrane IgC2 domain of SLAMF7, exhibiting a dual mechanism of action: natural killer (NK) cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and enhancement of NK cell activity. The ADCC is mediated through engagement between Fc portion of elotuzumab and FcgRIIIa/CD16 on NK cells. Enhanced NK cell cytotoxicity results fromm phosphorylation of the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motif (ITSM) that is induced via elotuzumab binding and recruits the SLAM-associated adaptor protein EAT-2.The coupling of EAT-2 to the phospholipase Cg enzymes SH2 domain leads to enhanced Ca2+. Influx and MAPK/Erk pathway activation, resulting in granule polarization and enhanced exocytosis inNK cells. Elotuzumab does not stimulate the proliferation of MM cells due to a lack of EAT-2.The inhibitory effects of elotuzumab on MM cell growth are not induced by the lack of CD45, even though SHP-2, SHP-1, SHIP-1, and Csk may be recruited to phosphorylated ITSM of SLAMF7. ELd improves PFS in patients with high-risk cytogenetics, i.e. t(4;14), del(17p), and 1q21 gain/amplification. Since the immune state is paralytic in advanced MM, the efficacy of ELd with minimal toxicity may bring forward for consideration of its use in the early stages of the disease.
Challenges arising from use of HVDC
Authors: Ildstad Erling 
Published: February 2018

Direct Current (DC) power systems have been in use since the early 1880s. However, for more than 100 years the 3 phase AC transmission system has been the dominant transmission system for electric power. The main reason for this is the ease of changing voltage levels and grid connection using reliable AC transformers and breakers. During the last 60 years new converter technology has made HVDC the most efficient and economical long distance point to pointpower transmission transportation.
In order to satisfy the growing demand of electric energy consumption, new high capacity multi-terminal HVDC systems need to be developed. This is considered an enabling technology for access to remote renewable energy sources such as off-shore wind farms, hydroelectric power and desert solar plants.This review shows that acceptable solutions have to be found to interrupt HVDC short circuit currents. Higher voltage means that new types of reliable HVDC insulation systems have to be developed, including test procedures and designcriteria for insulation systems based upon combinations of gas, liquid and solids.
Conduction behavior of polyaniline/elastomer composites and the influence of carbon black addition
Authors: Sonerud Björn , Furuheim Knut Magne , Josefsson Staffan , Pelto Jani , Ketonen Marjo , Härkki Outi 
Published: February 2018

Three different compositions of EPDM, polyaniline (PANI) and carbon black have been studied with respect to conduction properties. It could be concluded that both carbon black and polyaniline influence the low field conductivity. In addition, the influence of different conduction mechanisms was studied. Measurements on the temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity indicated that large amount of polyaniline in EPDM rubber manifested in 1D variable range hopping (1D-VRH) behavior whereas less amount, although still well above the percolation threshold, resulted in behavior more similar to the Arrhenius law. However, further studies are necessary to draw definitive conclusions on the influence of filler content. Studying the field dependent conductivity behavior it could be concluded that there is a Ohmic region at low field and a transition towards space charge limited current (SCLC) at higher field with possible influence of other conduction mechanisms.
Short and long term behavior of functionally filled polymeric insulating materials for HVDC insulators in compact gas-insulated systems
Authors: Tenzer Michael , Secklehner Maximilian , Hinrichsen Volker 
Published: February 2018

Conventional insulators optimized for high-voltage alternating current transmission tend to accumulate surface and volume charges in direct voltage applications. This is especially true for gas-insulated systems, where the surrounding gas is extremely dry, thus having very low conductivity. This may result in a strong decrease of the dielectric strength of the insulators and can lead to dielectric breakdown, especially when polarity reversals are applied. Main challenges for the development of HVDC insulators are avoiding surface and volume charge accumulations and featuring both suitable capacitive and resistive field distributions. The use of polymeric insulation materials filled with functional fillers of defined low and possibly non-linear, field dependent electric conductivity avoids these charge accumulations. Several specimens of polymeric insulation materials of different, controlled conductivities for high field stress applications were produced and experimentally investigated for this contribution. Since electric conductivity depends on parameters such as temperature, humidity or long term ageing, the longterm behavior of the specimens was investigated in 1000 h tests under temperature and electrical field stress. Furthermore, tests in a high-voltage gas insulated test setup were performed in order to determine the dielectric strength of the filled polymers under high electric stationary and transient fields as present in gas insulated systems. Results of these investigations are presented and discussed in detail in this contribution.
Comparison of simulated and measured field dependent charge injection in mineral oil under dc bias
Authors: Hjortstam Olof , Sonehag Christian , Schiessling Joachim 
Published: February 2018

The present study aims at the understanding of charge injection from metal electrodes into mineral oil under DC stress. The work focuses on the field dependence of the charge injection. In a previous article the electrical field in a blank oil gap with parallel electrodes is measured with a so called Kerr electro-optic technique. The data show that the electrical field is close to symmetric for low fields (~ 0.1 kV/mm) but strongly asymmetric at higher fields (~ 1 kV/mm). In the present study an ion drift model is used to analyze the data. We show that an ion drift model including a field dependent injection term can reproduce the measured results fairly well. Furthermore, the comparison of measured and simulated results shows that the charge injection is stronger from an electrode with positive polarity compared to one of negative polarity.
Surface potential decay on silicon rubber samples at reduced gas pressure
Authors: Alam Shahid , Serdyuk Yuriy V. , Gubanski Stanislaw 
Published: February 2018

Accumulation of interfacial charges is an inherent feature of HVDC insulation based on solid and gaseous media. The collected surface charges can alter the geometrical electric field leading to undesirable phenomena such as partial discharges and even unexpected flashovers. In the present paper, surface potential decay on silicone rubber samples is analyzed at reduced pressures of ambient air that allows for elimination of surface charge neutralization by gas ions. Thus, influences imposed by bulk and surface conduction in the solid material are studied by means of computer simulations and experimental measurements. The results allow for identifying levels of bulk and surface conductivities above which the corresponding charge decay mechanism becomes dominant. It is shown that with a negligible space charge effect and significant surface leakage, there exists a notable spread of charge along gas-solid interface yielding visible crossover phenomenon in charge decay characteristics. It is also demonstrated that the effect of space charge in the material bulk on surface potential decay can only be significant within layers of material finer than ca. 100 μm.
Challenges when measuring the DC electric field very close to an insulator surface
Authors: Källstrand Birgitta , Borg Daniel , Walfridsson Lars , Johansson Kenneth , Doiron Charles 
Published: February 2018

A small probe that can measure DC electric fields in air has been developed. As a consequence of the probe size, it is possible to measure close to the surface of e.g. an HVDC insulator, and to resolve the field with an excellent spatial resolution. However, challenges have been identified when performing measurements close to a surface and its influence on the measurement results have been quantified. Measurement procedures have been developed to be able to correct for the possible net charging of the probe.
Effect of Film Thickness and Electrode Area on the Dielectric Breakdown Characteristics of Metallized Capacitor Films
Authors: Rytöluoto Ilkka , Lahti Kari 
Published: February 2018

An alternative approach for measuring breakdown characteristics of metallized and non-metallized polymer films has been previously developed at TUT. The method enables measurement of multiple breakdowns beyond the weakest point of each sample film by utilizing low-energy self-healing breakdown of metallized film. The method yields a large amount of breakdown data even from a relatively small sample area which enables the formation of detailed material-specific breakdown fingerprints. In this paper, some preliminary results of an ongoing further research on the area and thickness dependence of the breakdown characteristics of various polymer films are presented.
Developement of insulation system for variable speed driven motors; performance of a corona resistant magnet wire
Authors: Nuorala Tomi , Lehtonen Janne , Takala Markus 
Published: February 2018

The amount of variable speed drive (VSD) motors and generators is growing constantly, but VSD use causes partial discharges (PDs) which are the most common reason for the winding damage. Magnet wire manufacturers have developed products that are more resistant against PDs. The objectives of this study were to resolve if the other properties of a corona resistant (CR) magnet wire are sufficient compared to reference wire. Dimension measurement, mandrel, peel, breakdown voltage and pin hole tests were made to both wires.
Influence of DC Stress Superimposed with High Frequency AC on Water Tree Growth in XLPE Insulation
Authors: Mauseth Frank , Hvidsten Sverre , Sæternes Hans-Helmer , Aakervik Jørund 
Published: February 2018

Power electronics used for HVDC converters will stress cable insulation with a DC voltage with superimposed transients. The effect these transients have on the performance of the polymeric cable insulation is yet not clear. The main purpose of this work has been to investigate the effect of such transients on XLPE cable insulation when exposed to moisture. Laboratory experiments were performed on Rogowski shaped test objects with an insulation thickness of 1.3 mm. At one of the semi-conductors, 20 sodium chloride (NaCl) particles were placed in order to facilitate initiation of vented water trees. The test objects were conditioned with water at 20 °C for two months ensuring saturation of water inside the insulation system before testing.The test objects were aged with an AC voltage simulating the transients from a HVDC converter. Experiments were performed using the AC voltage with and without DC stress to investigate the influence of the DC level on the water tree growth. The ageing was done at 30 °C.Test objects were taken out and inspected for water tree growth regularly. The results show a rapid ageing caused by water treeing when exposed to the DC voltage overlaid AC voltage with a frequency of 5 kHz and a pure AC voltage stress.
Correction of Geometric Influence in Permittivity Determination
Authors: Xu Xiangdong , Bengtsson Tord , Blennow Jörgen , Gubanski Stanislaw 
Published: February 2018

Determination of relative permittivity of dielectric materials is generally done with a rather low accuracy, in the order of several percent. This is in a sharp contrast to the accuracy of measurements of the dissipation factor, both usually being determined in the same measurement. A common understanding for the inferior accuracy in permittivity measurements is the effects of electrode edges. However, further studies indicate that geometric effects, arising from electrode shielding box, guard ring, electrode supporting materials, etc., also influence the accuracy significantly if the responding voltage present at the measuring electrode is non-negligible. With help of the Finite Element Method (FEM), geometric correction factors are estimated from an electrode model to increase the accuracy. This study is specially focused on the application of contact-free electrode arrangement using the air reference method. In this paper, a few examples of how geometric influences affect results are presented as well as a comparison of experimental results. From these insights, we discuss how to minimize and compensate the geometric effects.
System for detection and analysis of partial discharges under transient voltage application
Authors: Kjær Søren Valdemar , Holboell Joachim 
Published: February 2018

A measuring system for detection and analysis of partial discharges (PD) in electrical insulation under fast repetitive pulse voltage application has been developed. Partial discharges can be triggered by transient voltages and are considered as being one initial cause of insulation failure.The experimental setup consists of a specially designed pulse generator for generation of fast voltage transients. The pulses are unipolar, with the peak variable voltage of up to 10 kV and with an adjustable frequency from 0 Hz to 1.7 kHz, burst frequency of up to 2 MHz.Partial discharge inception under pulse voltage application was determined by data acquisition by means of a standard oscilloscope and suitable data analyses in Matlab, using wavelet transform and denoising techniques. The measurement results are presented in a partial discharge classification pattern designed to be used in connection with fast repetitive pulses as originating from power electronics.The feasibility of the test system for insulation diagnostics was illustrated by application to twisted pairs of enamelled winding wire.The test system is suitable for achieving new results to get better knowledge of degradation mechanisms in insulating materials exposed to fast transients from eg. power electronics.
Streamer Propagation in a Long Gap in Model Liquids
Authors: Dung N.V. , Høidalen H.K. , Linhjell D. , Lundgaard L.E. , Unge M. 
Published: February 2018

A summary of streamer propagation in Exxsol-D140 and Marcol-52 under various experimental conditions is given. The results are compared to those of cyclohexane and mineral transformer oil. Streamer propagation is polarity and liquid dependent. The breakdown and acceleration voltages are also governed by liquid chemistry. Reduced pressure largely enhances streamer propagation of both polarities. A low ionization potential additive significantly affects positive streamers while an electron scavenger markedly impacts negative streamers. Adding a low ionization potential additive caused positive streamers to behave like those in mineral transformer oil while adding an electron scavenger had the same influence on negative streamers. Processes at the streamer heads are suggested to be responsible for streamer propagation.
Investigation of the Static Breakdown Voltage of the Lubricating Film in a Mechanical Ball Bearing
Authors: Joshi Abhishek , Blennow Jörgen 
Published: February 2018

In this paper, the current pulse (discharge) activity in a small bearing is investigated when current-limited DC voltages of different levels are applied to the shaft under varying rotational speeds and mechanical loads. The measurements show that the inception voltage of discharges in the bearing is higher than the extinction voltage. However, when the discharge activity has been intense the bearing exhibits difficulties to recover its insulating properties when the voltage is decreased to a low voltage level and thus the discharge activity continues. The measurements also show that at low voltages the bearing acts as an insulator but if the voltage is increased the bearing starts to act as a conductor. This transition occurs during a narrow voltage interval. The time interval between two consecutive current pulses decreases significantly with increasing shaft voltage.
Measurement Techniques for Identifying Polarity Dependence of Ion Injection in Transformer Oil
Authors: Schiessling Joachim , Ramesh Deepthi K , Serdyuk Yuriy V. , Hjortstam Olof 
Published: February 2018

Charge injection from metallic surfaces into mineral oil is investigated utilizing transient currents recorded in coaxial cylindrical electrode systems with different degrees of inhomogeneity of electric fields. The currents obtained with single polarity and reverse polarity methods demonstrate differences in their behavior depending on the geometry and type of the test voltage. The data show clear relation between the sign of the current and the polarity of the applied voltage, which is attributed to the polarity dependence of the ion injection from oil-metal interfaces. The results of the experiments are discussed in terms of relaxation time of the system and time of flight (drift time) of ions in the oil gap.