bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inclusive research: An Irish perspective
Authors: Salmon Nancy , Barry Aoife , Hutchins Enid 
Published: August 2018

Accessible Summary

We talked to 14 people about what it is like to do inclusive research in the Republic of Ireland.

People said that more time is needed to do inclusive research well. They also told us about how hard it can be for all members of the research team to be equally involved in all research stages.

Learning to speak up for themselves was something people with learning disabilities said they liked about being an inclusive researcher.

Inclusive research teams need to write more about how they work on projects together, to give others ideas about how to do good research that matters to people with learning disabilities.

AbstractBackgroundThe United Nations (UN) Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) (United Nations, ) sets the expectation that people with disabilities be involved in research that affects their lives. Inclusive research moves people with intellectual disabilities away from being research subjects, towards power‐balanced research collaborations that can create individual and societal change.MethodThis study employed a qualitative methodology guided by critical disability theory. Participants included seven adults with intellectual disability, two supporters and five academics who all had experience of inclusive research. Semistructured individual interviews (n = 9) and one focus group (n = 5) were carried out to explore experiences of engaging in inclusive research in the Republic of Ireland.ResultsThematic analysis using Atlas.ti software yielded three themes: “Continuum of inclusive research,” “Value of inclusive research” and “Power relations within inclusive research.” Definitions of inclusive research occurred along a continuum from participatory to emancipatory. Advocating for policy change and personal growth motivated participants to become inclusive researchers. The power dynamics negotiated by teams functioning within academic environments were highlighted, yet despite this, inclusive research teams are creating a space where people with intellectual disabilities are becoming confident researchers and peer mentors.ConclusionsThis study illuminated experiences of engaging in inclusive research in an Irish context. Retaining a responsive, local approach to inclusive research is advised. Being part of inclusive research teams was both personally rewarding and financially complex. Inclusive research is at a critical moment in Ireland, poised to effect positive change in policy and service provision. Critically reviewing and documenting how inclusive research teams negotiate these complex dynamics is warranted.
3′‐Sialyllactose as an inhibitor of p65 phosphorylation ameliorates the progression of experimental rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Kang Li‐Jung , Kwon Eun‐Soo , Lee Kwang Min , Cho Chanmi , Lee Jae‐In , Ryu Young Bae , Youm Tae Hyun , Jeon Jimin , Cho Mi Ra , Jeong Seon‐Yong , Lee Sang‐Rae , Kim Wook , Yang Siyoung 
Published: August 2018

Background and Purpose3′‐Sialyllactose (3′‐SL) is a safe compound that is present in high levels in human milk. Although it has anti‐inflammatory properties and supports immune homeostasis, its effect on collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) is unknown. In this study, we investigated the prophylactic and therapeutic effect of 3′‐SL on the progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in in vitro and in vivo models.Experimental ApproachThe anti‐arthritic effect of 3′‐SL was analysed with fibroblast‐like synoviocytes in vitro and an in vivo mouse model of CIA. RT‐PCR, Western blotting and ELISA were performed to evaluate its effects in vitro. Histological analysis of ankle and knee joints of mice with CIA was performed using immunohistochemistry, as well as safranin‐O and haematoxylin staining.Key Results3′‐SL markedly alleviated the severity of CIA in the mice by reducing paw swelling, clinical scores, incidence rate, serum levels of inflammatory cytokines and autoantibody production. Moreover, 3′‐SL reduced synovitis and pannus formation and suppressed cartilage destruction by blocking secretion of chemokines, pro‐inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases and osteoclastogenesis via NF‐κB signalling. Notably, phosphorylation of p65, which is a key protein in the NF‐κB signalling pathway, was totally blocked by 3′‐SL in the RA models.Conclusions and Implications3′‐SL ameliorated pathogenesis of CIA by suppressing catabolic factor expression, proliferation of inflammatory immune cells and osteoclastogenesis. These effects were mediated via blockade of the NF‐κB signalling pathway. Therefore, 3′‐SL exerted prophylactic and therapeutic effects and could be a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of RA.
The transient receptor potential melastatin 4 channel inhibitor 9‐phenanthrol modulates cardiac sodium channel
Authors: Hou Jian‐wen , Fei Yu‐dong , Li Wei , Chen Yi‐he , Wang Qian , Xiao Ying , Wang Yue‐peng , Li Yi‐gang 
Published: August 2018

Background and Purpose9‐Phenanthrol, known as a specific inhibitor of the transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRMP4) channel, has been shown to modulate cardiac electrical activity and exert antiarrhythmic effects. However, its pharmacological effects remain to be fully explored. Here, we tested the hypothesis that cardiac sodium current inhibition contributes to the cardioprotective effect of 9‐phenanthrol.Experimental ApproachSingle ventricular myocytes (VMs) and Purkinje cells (PCs) were enzymatically isolated from rabbits. Arterially perfused rabbit wedge preparations were also used, and transmural electrocardiogram and endocardial action potentials (APs) were simultaneously recorded. Wild‐type and mutated human recombinant SCN5A were expressed in HEK293 cells. Anemonia toxin II (ATX‐II) was used to amplify the late sodium current (INaL) and induce arrhythmias. Whole‐cell patch clamp technique was used to record APs and ionic currents.Key Results9‐Phenanthrol (10–50 μM) stabilized ventricular repolarization and abolished arrhythmias induced by ATX‐II in both isolated VMs, PCs and wedge preparations. Further study revealed that 9‐phenanthrol modulated the gating properties of cardiac sodium channels and dose‐dependently inhibited INaL and peak sodium current (INaP) in VMs with an IC50 of 18 and 71.5 μM respectively. Its ability to inhibit INaL was further confirmed in PCs and HEK293 cells expressing SCN5A mutations.Conclusions and ImplicationsOur results indicate that 9‐phenanthrol modulates the gating properties of cardiac sodium channels and inhibits INaL and INaP, which may contribute to its antiarrhythmic and cardioprotective effects.
Structural and depositional controls on Plio‐Pleistocene submarine channel geometry (Taranaki Basin, New Zealand)
Authors: Mattos Nathalia H. , Alves Tiago M. , Scully Aisling 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHigh‐quality 3D seismic data are used to investigate the effect of the Parihaka Fault on the geometry of submarine channels in Northern Graben of the Taranaki Basin, New Zealand. The Parihaka Fault comprises of four segments (S1–S4) with variable displacements. As part of the Plio‐Pleistocene Giant Foresets Formation, the older Channel Complex Systems 1 and 2 reveal a two‐stage evolution: (a) a syn‐tectonic depositional stage with channels incising the slope during early fault growth (ca. 4.5 Ma) and (b) a stage of sediment bypass (ca. 3 Ma) leading to the infill of hanging‐wall depocentres. The Channel Complex System 3 is syn‐tectonic relative to segment S3 and was formed at ca. 2.5 Ma. We show that the successive generation of new fault segments towards the north controlled the formation of depocentres in the study area. This occurred in association to rotation and uplift of the footwall block of the Parihaka Fault and subsidence of its hanging‐wall block, with fault activity controlling the orientation of channel systems. As a result, we observe three drainage types in the study area: oblique, transverse and parallel to the Parihaka Fault. This work is important as it shows that relay zones separating the Parihaka Fault segments had limited influence on the geometry and location of channel systems. Submarine channels were diverted from their original courses close to the Parihaka Fault and flowed transversally to fault segments instead of running through relay ramps, contrasting to what is often recorded in the literature. A plausible explanation for such a discrepancy relates to rapid progradation of the Giant Foresets Formation during the Plio‐Pleistocene, with channel complexes becoming less confined, favouring footwall incision and basinward deposition of submarine fans.
Roles of microRNAs in mammalian reproduction: from the commitment of germ cells to peri‐implantation embryos
Authors: Reza Abu Musa Md Talimur , Choi Yun‐Jung , Han Sung Gu , Song Hyuk , Park Chankyu , Hong Kwonho , Kim Jin‐Hoi 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are active regulators of numerous biological and physiological processes including most of the events of mammalian reproduction. Understanding the biological functions of miRNAs in the context of mammalian reproduction will allow a better and comparative understanding of fertility and sterility in male and female mammals. Herein, we summarize recent progress in miRNA‐mediated regulation of mammalian reproduction and highlight the significance of miRNAs in different aspects of mammalian reproduction including the biogenesis of germ cells, the functionality of reproductive organs, and the development of early embryos. Furthermore, we focus on the gene expression regulatory feedback loops involving hormones and miRNA expression to increase our understanding of germ cell commitment and the functioning of reproductive organs. Finally, we discuss the influence of miRNAs on male and female reproductive failure, and provide perspectives for future studies on this topic.
Paternal psychological distress, parenting, and child behaviour: A population based, cross‐sectional study
Authors: Gulenc Alisha , Butler Emma , Sarkadi Anna , Hiscock Harriet 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundChild behaviour problems are common and can lead to later mental health problems. Poor maternal mental health and adverse parenting practices are known risk factors for child behaviour problems. Less is known about the association between paternal mental health and parenting, and child behaviour. We aimed to explore the association between paternal psychological distress and parenting (harsh discipline, low warmth, unreasonable expectations, and overinvolved/protectiveness) with children's internalising and externalising behaviour at 3 years of age.MethodsCross‐sectional surveys of 669 (80% response) fathers of 3‐year‐old children, nested within a randomised controlled trial. Main outcomes of behaviour (Child Behavior Checklist), parenting (Parent Behavior Checklist and overinvolved/protective parenting scale), and psychological distress (Kessler‐6) were measured. Regression modelling examined the associations between paternal factors and child behaviour, adjusting for maternal mental health and parenting, as well as child and family variables.ResultsIn adjusted analyses, paternal psychological distress (b = 0.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.26–0.60], p < 0.001), harsh discipline (b = 0.20, 95% CI [0.13–0.27], p < 0.001), and maternal mental health (b = 0.08, 95% CI [0.03–0.12], p = 0.001) were associated with externalising symptoms. However, only paternal psychological distress, harsh discipline, and being a boy were associated with borderline/clinical levels of externalising problems (all p < 0.05). Paternal psychological distress, harsh discipline, overinvolved parenting, maternal mental health, and difficult child temperament were associated with internalising symptoms (all p < 0.05). However, only paternal harsh discipline and overinvolved parenting were associated with borderline/clinical internalising problems.ConclusionsPaternal mental health and parenting are independently associated with child behaviour. Treatments for children with behavioural problems should also address paternal mental health and parenting.
Social workers' attitudes towards female victims of domestic violence: A study in one English local authority
Authors: Witt Laura , Diaz Clive 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper aims to explore childcare social workers' attitudes towards female victims of domestic violence in England. The study discusses the concept of “mothering” and the processes through which mothers are potentially denigrated rather than empowered. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with social workers in a single child protection agency to investigate their perceptions of domestic violence, its gendered nature, and the implications for their practice. Participants' responses were coded using thematic analysis. The results demonstrated social workers' cognisance of the challenges domestic violence poses for abused mothers in terms of the ability to safely parent their children. Although the study is not without its limitations, it nevertheless indicates the need for a more holistic approach to safeguarding children within domestic violence settings. Moreover, it underscores the necessity for improving awareness about the prevalence and importance of domestic violence as a child safeguarding concern within social work training. Indeed, improved training would help to develop social workers' knowledge and understanding of service provisions and partner agencies, thus potentially improving practice in this critically important area.
Trade and conservation implications of new beak and feather disease virus detection in native and introduced parrots
Authors: Fogell Deborah J. , Martin Rowan O. , Bunbury Nancy , Lawson Becki , Sells James , McKeand Alison M. , Tatayah Vikash , Trung Cao Tien , Groombridge Jim J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPsittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD), caused by Beak and feather disease virus (BFDV), has spread rapidly around the world, raising concerns for threatened species conservation and biosecurity associated with the global pet bird trade. The virus has been reported in several wild parrot populations, but data are lacking for many taxa and geographical areas with high parrot endemism. We aimed to advance understanding of BFDV distribution in many data‐deficient areas and determine phylogenetic and biogeographic associations of the virus in 5 parrot species across Africa, the Indian Ocean islands, Asia, and Europe and focused specifically on the highly traded and invasivePsittacula krameri. Blood, feather, and tissue samples were screened for BFDV through standard polymerase chain reaction. Isolates obtained from positive individuals were then analyzed in a maximum likelihood phylogeny along with all other publically available global BFDV sequences. We detected BFDV in 8 countries where it was not known to occur previously, indicating the virus is more widely distributed than currently recognized. We documented for the first time the presence of BFDV in wild populations ofP. krameriwithin its native range in Asia and Africa. We detected BFDV among introducedP. krameriin Mauritius and the Seychelles, raising concerns for island endemic species in the region. Phylogenetic relationships between viral sequences showed likely pathways of transmission between populations in southern Asia and western Africa. A high degree of phylogenetic relatedness between viral variants from geographically distant populations suggests recent introductions, likely driven by global trade. These findings highlight the need for effective regulation of international trade in live parrots, particularly in regions with high parrot endemism or vulnerable taxa whereP. kramericould act as a reservoir host.
Measuring drug dependence in police custody: An item response theory and differential item function analysis of UNCOPE in Australia
Authors: Payne Jason , Wong Gabriel 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIntroduction and AimsAlthough there has been significant investment in policies and programs aimed at preventing drug‐related crime, there has been comparatively little effort dedicated to the validation the relevant research and evidence gathering tools. In this study, we aim to confirm the internal consistency of UNCOPE, developed by Hoffmann and colleagues, in the Australian context, as well as explore whether time in custody and prior custodial experience results in differential item functioning.Design and MethodsData were derived from the Australian Institute of Criminology's Drug Use Monitoring in Australia Program in which the UNCOPE instrument had been administered with 15 454 detainees who reported illicit drug use in the past 12 months. Item response theory methods are used to explore the characteristics of all six items, while Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes and likelihood ratio differential item functioning test methods are used to explore differential item functioning.ResultsStrong support is indicated for the internal consistency of the UNCOPE instrument. Modest differential functioning is identified for only one item, indicating that prolonged periods of detention prior to interview may influence the probability of endorsement for items that require introspection and reflection on drug‐related neglect. These modest effects are unlikely to have any practical effect on the overall utility of UNCOPE.Discussion and ConclusionsIn these analyses, the item characteristics of UNCOPE appear consistent with results seen in the USA. Further, the modest differential item functioning identified for neglect (item N) has no practical impact on the overall functioning on UNCOPE. Criminal justice and drug policy researchers will be comforted by the absence of any substantial implementation or environmental bias.
Using large spatial scale camera trap data and hierarchical occupancy models to evaluate species richness and occupancy of rare and elusive wildlife communities in southwest China
Authors: Li Xueyou , Bleisch William V. , Jiang Xuelong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimOwing to the broad use of camera traps, integration and standardization among camera trap studies has become key to maximizing their utility for local and global biodiversity conservation. Our goal was to introduce the use of a hierarchical modelling framework in the context of coordinated biodiversity monitoring to compare species richness and occupancy by integrating camera trap data from multiple study areas.LocationSouthwest China.MethodsWe used hierarchical occupancy models to integrate camera trap data for elusive mammal and pheasant communities from three study areas representing different habitat types: alpine and subalpine zones, dry‐hot valleys and subtropical montane forests. We evaluate the responses of species occurrence to human influence and habitat parameters based on a Bayesian approach.ResultsWe captured photographs of 23 mammal and 7 pheasant species over 10,095 trap nights. The model revealed that the alpine and subalpine zones supported the highest species richness of the target communities among the three habitat types. Surprisingly, dry‐hot valleys supported similar levels of species richness to subtropical montane forest. Species richness showed a similar bell‐shaped relationship with elevation, with the richness curve peaking at intermediate elevations at about 3500 m above sea level (asl). Posterior distributions for community‐level hyper‐parameters indicated the consistent and negative effects of human disturbance on species occupancy. The community model also revealed a strong quadratic relationship between elevation and occupancy, with the highest occupancy occurring at about 3700 m asl.Main conclusionUsing hierarchical occupancy models for integrating camera trap data from multiple study areas, we show that alpine/subalpine zone and dry‐hot valleys have the highest richness and should be given more priority for conservation of biodiversity in southwest China. We recommend broader application of the hierarchical occupancy modelling approach to camera trap data to obtain more comprehensive insights relevant to regional biodiversity conservation.
School climate is associated with cortical thickness and executive function in children and adolescents
Authors: Piccolo Luciane R , Merz Emily C , Noble Kimberly G ,   the Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics Study
Published: August 2018

AbstractA positive school climate has been found to support mental and physical health, academic achievement and social adjustment among youth. However, links between school climate and brain structure have not been investigated to date. In this study, we investigated whether school climate was associated with executive function (EF) and brain structure (cortical thickness and surface area) in children and adolescents. We further examined whether these links varied as a function of socioeconomic background. Participants who ranged from 9 to 18 years of age (N = 108) completed EF tasks and a high‐resolution, 3‐Tesla, T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. Overall school climate, academic support, and family socioeconomic background were assessed using questionnaires. Higher academic support was associated with greater EF task performance and increased global cortical thickness. Additionally, academic support moderated the association between family income and EF, such that children from lower income families performed similarly to their more advantaged peers on EF tasks in the context of positive academic support. This work is the first to link school climate to brain structure and contributes to the growing body of evidence suggesting that academic support may be an important protective factor in the context of socioeconomic disadvantage.
An intervention that increases parental sensitivity in families referred to Child Protective Services also changes toddlers’ parasympathetic regulation
Authors: Hastings Paul D , Kahle Sarah , Fleming Charles , Lohr Mary Jane , Katz Lynn Fainsilber , Oxford Monica L 
Published: August 2018

AbstractExperiencing maltreatment in early childhood predicts poor parasympathetic regulation, characterized by low baseline parasympathetic activity and strong withdrawal of parasympathetic influence in response to tasks. The Promoting First Relationships® (PFR) program improves parental sensitivity toward young children in families identified as maltreating. Using a subsample from a randomized control trial, we examined whether parental participation in PFR had lasting effects on toddlers’ parasympathetic regulation, as measured by respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), relative to a resource and referral control condition. In addition, we examined whether parental sensitive and responsive behavior mediated or moderated associations between parent treatment group and children's RSA. More than 6 months after completing treatment, 29 families in the PFR condition and 30 families in the control condition were visited at home, and toddlers’ RSA was assessed at baseline and during five moderately challenging tasks. Groups did not differ in baseline RSA, but differed in RSA reactivity to the tasks. Across tasks, toddlers of parents in the control condition manifested significantly larger RSA decreases than toddlers of parents in the PFR condition. Parental behavior showed divergent associations with RSA change for toddlers of parents in the PFR versus control condition, with PFR treatment predicting RSA change ranging from small decreases to increases in toddlers of parents who showed the most sensitive, responsive behavior in the 6 months following treatment. This preliminary study showed that the same intervention that improved parenting also improved toddlers’ parasympathetic regulation in response to everyday activities, warranting further experimental investigation.