bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiences of Speaking With Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation: A Qualitative Investigation
Authors: Britton Deanna , Hoit Jeannette D. , Pullen Elizabeth , Benditt Joshua O. , Baylor Carolyn R. , Yorkston Kathryn M. 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The aim of this study was to describe experiences of speaking with 2 forms of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV)—mouthpiece NPPV (M-NPPV) and nasal bilevel positive airway pressure (BPAP)—in people with neuromuscular disorders who depend on NPPV for survival.

Method
Twelve participants (ages 22−68 years; 10 men, 2 women) with neuromuscular disorders (9 Duchenne muscular dystrophy, 1 Becker muscular dystrophy, 1 postpolio syndrome, and 1 spinal cord injury) took part in semistructured interviews about their speech. All subjects used M-NPPV during the day, and all but 1 used BPAP at night for their ventilation needs. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and verified. A qualitative descriptive phenomenological approach was used to code and develop themes.

Results
Three major themes emerged from the interview data: (a) M-NPPV aids speaking (by increasing loudness, utterance duration, clarity, and speaking endurance), (b) M-NPPV interferes with the flow of speaking (due to the need to pause to take a breath, problems with mouthpiece placement, and difficulty in using speech recognition software), and (c) nasal BPAP interferes with speaking (by causing abnormal nasal resonance, muffled speech, mask discomfort, and difficulty in coordinating speaking with ventilator-delivered inspirations).

Conclusion
These qualitative data from chronic NPPV users suggest that both M-NPPV and nasal BPAP may interfere with speaking but that speech is usually better and speaking is usually easier with M-NPPV. These findings can be explained primarily by the nature of the 2 ventilator delivery systems and their interfaces.
Vowel Duration Discrimination of Children With Childhood Apraxia of Speech: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Ingram Susan B. , Reed Vicki A. , Powell Thomas W. 
Published: July 2019

PurposeThe ability of 5- and 6-year-old male children (23 participants) between the chronological ages of 5;0 and 6;11 (years;months) with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS;n= 9) and with typical development (TD;n= 14) to detect differences in vowel duration of syllable pairs is explored. We asked whether the children with CAS show different patterns of performance on the vowel duration difference experimental task than those of their similarly aged peers with TD.MethodA male adult audio-recorded the syllable /bɑ/. The /ɑ/ was digitally lengthened and shortened, while maintaining uniform fundamental frequency and amplitude of the vowel and duration of the consonant /b/ at 42 ms. Vowel lengths increased in 40-ms increments, ranging from 208 to 488 ms. Eight pairs of syllables, 1 with equal length and 7 with differing vowel lengths, were randomly presented to the children 10 times in blocks of 16 pairs via a computer application.ResultsNumerous complementary analyses indicated patterns of performance differed for children with CAS compared to the children with TD. The children with CAS were notably less accurate in their duration discrimination and evidenced greater variability in their performances across duration difference conditions than their peers with TD, signifying they were generally challenged to discriminate the vowel duration differences.ConclusionThese results suggest that CAS, which is more generally considered a motor speech disorder, may have a perceptual component of CAS related to vowel duration discrimination. Further research directions and clinical implications are discussed.Supplemental Materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.8411876
Low-Frequency Pitch Perception in Cochlear Implant Recipients With Normal Hearing in the Contralateral Ear
Authors: Dillon Margaret T. , Buss Emily , Rooth Meredith A. , King English R. , Pillsbury Harold C. , Brown Kevin D. 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
Three experiments were carried out to evaluate the low-frequency pitch perception of adults with unilateral hearing loss who received a cochlear implant (CI).

Method
Participants were recruited from a cohort of CI users with unilateral hearing loss and normal hearing in the contralateral ear. First, low-frequency pitch perception was assessed for the 5 most apical electrodes at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after CI activation using an adaptive pitch-matching task. Participants listened with a coding strategy that presents low-frequency temporal fine structure (TFS) and compared the pitch to that of an acoustic target presented to the normal hearing ear. Next, participants listened with an envelope-only, continuous interleaved sampling strategy. Pitch perception was compared between coding strategies to assess the influence of TFS cues on low-frequency pitch perception. Finally, participants completed a vocal pitch-matching task to corroborate the results obtained with the adaptive pitch-matching task.

Results
Pitch matches roughly corresponded to electrode center frequencies (CFs) in the CI map. Adaptive pitch matches exceeded the CF for the most apical electrode, an effect that was larger for continuous interleaved sampling than TFS. Vocal pitch matches were variable but correlated with the CF of the 3 most apical electrodes. There was no evidence that pitch matches changed between the 1- and 12-month intervals.

Conclusions
Relatively accurate and asymptotic pitch perception was observed at the 1-month interval, indicating either very rapid acclimatization or the provision of familiar place and rate cues. Early availability of appropriate pitch cues could have played a role in the early improvements in localization and masked speech recognition previously observed in this cohort.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.8862389
Tongue- and Jaw-Specific Articulatory Underpinnings of Reduced and Enhanced Acoustic Vowel Contrast in Talkers With Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Mefferd Antje S. , Dietrich Mary S. 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
This study sought to identify the articulator-specific mechanisms that underlie reduced and enhanced acoustic vowel contrast in talkers with dysarthria due to Parkinson's disease (PD).

Method

Seventeen talkers with mild–moderate dysarthria due to PD and 17 controls completed a sentence repetition task using typical, slow, loud, and clear speech. Tongue and jaw articulatory movements were recorded using 3D electromagnetic articulography. Independent tongue displacements, jaw displacements, and acoustic vowel contrast were calculated for the diphthong /aɪ/ embedded in the word
kite.

Results
During typical speech, independent tongue displacement, but not jaw displacement, contributed significantly to the intertalker variance in acoustic vowel contrast. Loudness-related acoustic vowel contrast gains were predominantly jaw driven in controls but driven by the tongue and jaw in talkers with PD. Further, in both groups, clarity-related acoustic vowel contrast gains were predominantly jaw driven. Finally, in both groups, rate-related acoustic vowel contrast gains were predominantly tongue driven; however, the jaw also contributed. These jaw contributions were greater in the PD group than in the control group.

Conclusions
Findings suggest that a tongue-specific articulatory impairment underlies acoustic vowel contrast deterioration in talkers with PD, at least during the early stages of speech decline. Findings further suggest that slow speech engages the impaired tongue more than loud and clear speech in talkers with PD. However, slow speech was also associated with an abnormally strong jaw response in these talkers, which suggests that a compensatory articulatory behavior may also be elicited.
Motor-Induced Suppression of the N100 Event-Related Potential During Motor Imagery Control of a Speech Synthesizer Brain–Computer Interface
Authors: Brumberg Jonathan S. , Pitt Kevin M. 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
Speech motor control relies on neural processes for generating sensory expectations using an efference copy mechanism to maintain accurate productions. The N100 auditory event-related potential (ERP) has been identified as a possible neural marker of the efference copy with a reduced amplitude during active listening while speaking when compared to passive listening. This study investigates N100 suppression while controlling a motor imagery speech synthesizer brain–computer interface (BCI) with instantaneous auditory feedback to determine whether similar mechanisms are used for monitoring BCI-based speech output that may both support BCI learning through existing speech motor networks and be used as a clinical marker for the speech network integrity in individuals without severe speech and physical impairments.

Method
The motor-induced N100 suppression is examined based on data from 10 participants who controlled a BCI speech synthesizer using limb motor imagery. We considered listening to auditory target stimuli (without motor imagery) in the BCI study as passive listening and listening to BCI-controlled speech output (with motor imagery) as active listening since audio output depends on imagined movements. The resulting ERP was assessed for statistical significance using a mixed-effects general linear model.

Results
Statistically significant N100 ERP amplitude differences were observed between active and passive listening during the BCI task. Post hoc analyses confirm the N100 amplitude was suppressed during active listening.

Conclusion
Observation of the N100 suppression suggests motor planning brain networks are active as participants control the BCI synthesizer, which may aid speech BCI mastery.
Das enterische Nervensystem
Authors: Magga Corts Köln 
Published: July 2019

SummaryDas enterische Nervensystem (ENS) ist eine Sonderform des vegetativen Nervensystems (VNS): Es ist im Verdauungstrakt als ein autonomer Teil des VNS lokalisiert und besteht aus drei Nervengeflechten. Funktionell steht es mit den anderen vegetativen Systemen, dem Sympathikus und dem Parasympathikus in Verbindung. Das ENS kann jedoch auch unabhängig davon agieren.
Zweimal die Woche Fisch – gesund oder doch nicht?
Authors: März Henrike 
Published: July 2019

SummaryFisch sollte laut aktuellen Ernährungsempfehlungen (DGE: 1-2 Portionen pro Woche) regelmäßig auf unserem Speiseplan stehen. Doch wie gesund oder womöglich schadstoffbelastet ist der Fisch, der auf unseren Tellern landet? Und tragen wir damit nicht zur Überfischung bei? Dr. Henrike März im Interview mit Dr. Matthias Keller vom Fisch-Informationszentrum (FIZ) e. V.
Precision Surgery for Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas
Authors: Wiseman Douglas , Lakis Mustapha El , Nilubol Naris 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSince Felix Fränkel’s account of pheochromocytoma in 1886, great discoveries and vast advancements in the diagnosis, genetics, anatomical and functional imaging techniques, and surgical management of pheochromcytoma and paraganglioma (P-PGL) have been made. The improved insight in the pathophysiology of P-PGL and more accurate detection methods enable physicians to tailor the treatment plan to an individual based on the genetic profile and tumor behavior. This review will cover briefly the clinical features, diagnosis, genetic mutations, and imaging modalities that are used to guide current surgical management of these rare and interesting endocrinopathies.
Die Psyche isst mit
Authors: Bammel Uta 
Published: July 2019

SummaryEmotionales Essen ist eine Reaktion auf Stress, denn das Gehirn verbraucht bei Stress mehr Glukose und meldet anschließend das Signal "Hunger". Stress-oder Frustesser versuchen, durch hochkalorische, kohlenhydratreiche Lebensmittel negative Gefühle zu kompensieren. Belohnungsesser möchten so positive Gefühle verstärken. Die Gewohnheit des emotionalen Essens kann leichter durchbrochen werden, wenn man seine somatische Intelligenz trainiert.
Comparison of Oxygen Uptake Kinetics During Severe-intensity Laboratory and Field Cycling
Authors: Prinz Bernhard , Haselsberger Kevin , Tschan Harald , Nimmerichter Alfred 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe O2-kinetic response to constant work rate exercise provides an insight into the adjustment of systemic oxygen transport and muscle metabolism. Whether O2-kinetics measured in laboratory conditions reflect O2-kinetics in field conditions has not yet been analysed. The aim of this study was to compare O2-kinetics between field and laboratory conditions. Thirteen competitive male cyclists (mean±SD age 23.3±4.1 years; V̇O2peak 68.2±4.7 mL.min−1.kg−1) completed two 6-min severe-intensity trials at 60 and 90 rev.min−1 in both conditions. Power output was measured with an SRM power meter and V̇O2 was measured with a portable gas analyser. The time constant (τ), the time delay (TD) and the amplitude (Amp) were resolved by least square regression, and the V̇O2 slow component (SC) was calculated as the difference between the end-exercise V̇O2 and Amp. To determine differences between the trials, a repeated-measure ANOVA was conducted. The Amp and end-exercise V̇O2 were significantly higher during field cycling whereas the SC were significantly higher during laboratory cycling (all at p<0.001). No significant differences were found for τ (p=0.24). Laboratory measures tend to underestimate the oxygen demand in field cycling. A higher cadence leads to greater oxygen demand in laboratory and field cycling.
Experimental studies of 1.5 – 1.6 μm high-power asymmetric-waveguide multimode lasers
Authors: Bagaeva O.O. , Danilov A.I. , Ivanov A.V. , Kurnosov V.D. , Kurnosov K.V. , Kurnyavko Yu.V. , Marmalyuk A.A. , Romantsevich V.I. , Simakov V.A. , Chernov R.V. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The current – voltage, light – current, and spectral characteristics of high-power multimode semiconductor lasers emitting at wavelengths of 1.5 – 1.6 μm are studied experimentally. It is shown that the cw output power of a C-mount laser with a cavity length of 2.6 mm and a mesa-stripe contact width of 100 μm exceeds 4 W at a pump power of 15 A. The output power in a pulsed regime amounts to 20 W at a pulse duration of 100 ns, a pulse repetition rate of 5 kHz, and a pump current no higher than 80 A. The dependences of the laser wavelength and spectral width on the pump current are presented. The current – voltage and light – current characteristics, as well as the characteristic temperatures of the lasers, are calculated.
Ethics and risks between human and robotic interaction
Authors: Yu Lin , Ding Shejiao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRobot is definitely playing important role in human society. Low contact on machine standards is mostly on industrial robot while close contacts are in increasing demand in service robot, etc. The development of robotics with advanced hardware and artificial intelligence (AI) provide the possibility with human beings while close contacts raise many new issues on ethics and risks. For interaction, the related technique of perception, cognition and interaction are briefly introduced. For ethics, rules should be given for the robot designers to include ethics for certain application while risks should be evaluated during the experiment test. To make efficient decision, safety design with AI technology should be put on agenda for roboticists. Except from the risks, ethics raise many challenges while most of them can be solved by developing technologies while some of the problems exist in human’s society which also raise the questions for the human beings. More broader vision should be taken from different social departments together to avoid the possible embarrassed issues. It’s time to welcome the world of robotics and related techniques will make life more efficient while human-robot coexistence society will come one day and law should be imposed on both.
Task allocation for improved ergonomics in Human-Robot Collaborative Assembly
Authors: Makrini Ilias El , Merckaert Kelly , Winter Joris De , Lefeber Dirk , Vanderborght Bram 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Human-robot collaboration, whereby the human and the robot join their forces to achieve a task, opens new
application opportunities in manufacturing. Robots can perform precise and repetitive operations while humans can execute tasks
that require dexterity and problem-solving abilities. Moreover, collaborative robots can take over heavy-duty tasks.
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are a serious health concern and the primary cause of absenteeism at work. While the role of the
human is still essential in flexible production environment, the robot can help decreasing the workload of workers. This paper
describes a novel framework for task allocation of human-robot assembly applications based on capabilities and ergonomics
considerations. Capable agents are determined on the basis of agent characteristics and task requirements. Ergonomics is
integrated by measuring the human body posture and the related workload. The developed framework was validated on a gearbox
assembly use case using the collaborative robot Baxter.
Study on decision-making of soccer robot based on rough set theory
Authors: Zhang Li , Xue Xulu 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
“Rough set” is a theory put forward by the polish scholar Z. Pawlak, which is a useful mathematics tool for
dealing with vague and uncertain information. Rough set theory can achieve a subset of all attribute which preserves the
discernible ability of original features, by using the data only with no additional information. As a typical system of
multi-agent, the decision-making system of soccer robot has the features of multi-layered, antagonism, and cooperation. On the
bases of rough set theory, this paper established a decision making system with complete information for soccer robot, and then
reduce the condition and decision attributes and their values, to get the simply decision rules. On the otherwise, considering the
situation of information loss, we study decision making of imperfect information system, extract the decision rules and calculate
the reliability, so that the rules can assist the agent to make right decision in competition. The simulation result shows that
the algorithm is correct and effective.
Lifelong learning for tactile emotion recognition
Authors: Wei Jiaqi , Liu Huaping , Wang Bowen , Sun Fuchun 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Tactile emotion recognition provides a lot of valuable information in human-computer interaction, and it has
strong application prospects in many aspects such as smart home and medical treatment. So this situation raises a question: How to
quickly and efficiently let the robot perform the correct emotion recognition? In this work, we develop a lifelong learning
algorithm which is based on the efficient dictionary learning technology, to tackle the tactile emotion recognition across
different tasks. To verify the efficiency of the proposed method, we applied it to two data sets for experimentation: Corpus of
Social Touch (CoST) and our dataset(We built it with a 12X12 array sensor). The results show that the proposed lifelong learning
algorithm achieves satisfactory results.
Effects of rhetorical text analysis on idea generation and text quality
Authors: Nguyen Phuong Nam T. , Rijlaarsdam Gert , Janssen Tanja , Admiraal Wilfried 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Producing a meaningful written discourse in a foreign language requires a high cognitive effort of EFL learners.
They face challenges caused by L2 word or grammar-related difficulties, and also by the L2 genre and genre conventions that may be
quite different from what they experienced in their L1. The present study focusses on the support offered to Vietnamese L2 writers
to overcome these hindrances. An intensive four-week writing intervention was designed and tested to examine whether encouraging
genre awareness via a short session of sample text analysis could empower students to conduct effective brainstorming for
argumentative writing. In a pre-test post-test control group design with switching replications, with 66 EFL intermediate
undergraduate participants, the study obtained four indicators of L2 argumentative writing quality: idea generation, productivity,
global text quality and self-efficacy. The results showed that participants integrated the sample text analysis into the idea
generation stage. They created significantly longer self-expressive free writing texts, perceived the generated ideas as more
useful, and used more of these ideas in their argumentative texts composition, compared to students from the control condition
(with teacher instruction only). No treatment effects were found for productivity, global quality of final text, and
self-efficacy. Students in both control and treatment conditions generally showed a significant improvement on these
variables.
Effects of exercise intensity on anticipation timing performance during a cycling task at moderate and vigorous intensities in children aged 7–11 years
Authors: Boat Ruth , Morris Martyn , Duncan Michael J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study examined coincidence anticipation timing performance at moderate and fast stimulus speeds before, during, and after a 15 minute cycling task. In a within‐subject design, 24 children (18 males and 6 females) exercised on a cycle ergometer under two experimental conditions: exercise intensities of 50% (moderate) and 75% (vigorous) heart rate reserve. Coincidence anticipation timing was measured using the Bassin Anticipation Timer at stimulus speeds of 5 and 8 mph. A 2 (intensity) × 3 (time) repeated measures ANOVA was conducted to evaluate the effect of exercise intensity on coincidence anticipation performance before, during, and immediately after the cycling task. Results indicated that for absolute error there was no significant main effect for time (p = .633) or experimental condition (p = .782) at the 5 mph stimulus speed. However, there was a significant interaction effect between experimental condition and time (p = 0.026) at the 5 mph stimulus speed. At the 8 mph stimulus speed, there was no significant main effect for time (p = .910) or condition (p = .938), or interaction effect between experimental condition and time (p = .591). Cycling exercise at moderate intensity appears to influence anticipation timing performance during and immediately after exercise in children, but only when stimulus speeds are moderate in nature.
Immiscible and miscible states in binary condensates in the ring geometry
Authors: Chen Zhaopin , Li Yongyao , Proukakis Nikolaos P , Malomed Boris A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We report detailed investigation of the existence and stability of mixed and demixed modes in binary atomic Bose–Einstein condensates with repulsive interactions in a ring-trap geometry. The stability of such states is examined through eigenvalue spectra for small perturbations, produced by the Bogoliubov–de Gennes equations, and directly verified by simulations based on the coupled Gross–Pitaevskii equations, varying inter- and intra-species scattering lengths so as to probe the entire range of miscibility–immiscibility transitions. In the limit of the one-dimensional (1D) ring, i.e. a very narrow one, stability of mixed states is studied analytically, including hidden-vorticity (HV) modes, i.e. those with opposite vorticities of the two components and zero total angular momentum. The consideration of demixed 1D states reveals, in addition to stable composite single-peak structures, double- and triple-peak ones, above a certain particle-number threshold. In the 2D annular geometry, stable demixed states exist both in radial and azimuthal configurations. We find that stable radially-demixed states can carry arbitrary vorticity and, counter-intuitively, the increase of the vorticity enhances stability of such states, while unstable ones evolve into randomly oscillating angular demixed modes. The consideration of HV states in the 2D geometry expands the stability range of radially-demixed states.