bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic valuation of mangrove forests at Secanggang, Langkat
Authors: Jelita H M , Ginting R , Ayu S F 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Mangrove forest is the main life-supporting ecosystem for organisms in coastal and marine areas. It got serious pressure as the impact of land conversion. The objective of the study was to analyse the total economic valuation of mangrove forest in Secanggang, Langkat. The number of samples is determined as many as 30 by using cluster sampling. Data were analysed using economic valuation techniques for calculating the total value of the mangrove ecosystem. Total economic value is carried out by interviewing each respondent to estimate economic value, namely the direct use value, the indirect use value, and the option value of the mangrove forest. The total economic value is IDR 22,497,463,608 per year. It is obtained from direct use value is IDR 4,662,525,000 per year, indirect use value amounted IDR 17,507,736,480 per year, while option value amounted IDR 327,202,128 per year. Direct use value comes from the benefits of the firewood, shrimp, fish, and crab utilization. For the indirect use value was obtained from retaining abrasion and provider of fishery resources, i.e. shrimp feed resource and the option value was obtained by calculating the value of biodiversity in the mangrove ecosystem.
Exploration of the potential of upland rice agribusiness development in South Konawe District, Southeast Sulawesi
Authors: Taridala S A A , Abdullah W G , Tuwo M A , Bafadal A , Fausayana I , Salam I , Wahyuni S , Suaib  
Published: June 2019

AbstractUpland rice potential needs to be explored from various aspects so that it can really contribute to the increase in national rice production. Potential of upland rice apart from the potential aspects of resources availability also needs to be explored from the social and economic aspects that were studied in the concept of agribusiness. Potential in resource and social were being investigated by the qualitative method, while potential in economics was being investigated by the quantitative method, namely R/C ratio analysis. The results showed: (a) The resources potential in the form of land availability and an increase of upland rice productivity in South Konawe District. Upland rice also has the advantage of adaptation in various agroecology, soil types, and types of plants in intercropping systems; (b) The social potential in the form of farmers’ knowledge and skills regarding upland rice cultivation which tends to the concept of organic farming, socio characteristics and social capital; (c) The economic potential in the form of higher prices for rice from upland rice than rice from lowland rice, limited market share, and high financial feasibility.
Factors affecting revenue of cocoa farmers in Biru-biru District, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra
Authors: Pinem N F , Rambey R 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
One of the agroforestry patterns developed in Biru-biru sub-district is the combination of Cocoa and Mindi trees. Cocoa becomes the main crop while the mindi wood becomes a shade and a hedgerow plant that can be sold for wood as a building material. The objectives of research are to know cocoa agroforestry cultivation system, the level of productivity of cocoa and the marketing channel of cocoa commodity in Biru-biru District. Data collection was done through in-depth interview, questionnaire, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The number of respondents to be determined in accordance with the number involved in this activity. The technique of determining the sample to be interviewed is by snowball sampling. Data analysis was done by multiple linear regression with SPSS tool. Factor affecting income are education, age, length of business, time work a day, width of land, capital, price, production, institutional farmer, and quality of cocoa. The result of the analysis shows that the factors that have a significant effect on cocoa farmer’s income are capital and production. The cocoa marketing channel in Biru-biru sub-district is from farmers to collectors then directly to exporters.
Concentration of beef market in East Nusa Tenggara (ENT) Province, Indonesia
Authors: Nendissa D R , Anindita R , Hanani N , Muhaimin A W , Henuk Y L 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Market concentration is an important indicator to see the market structure and level of competition in beef cattle industry. This study used data of farmers and traders from Kupang Regency, ENT Province, Indonesia to see market concentration, namely, Concentration Ratio(CR4), Hirschman-Herfindahl Index(HHI), Hannan-Key index(CPI), Rosenbluth index(IR) and Entropy index(IE). The results showed that the market concentration of beef cattle at the farmers level was categorized as perfect competition markets and market concentration at the level of traders was categorized as the oligopsonistic competition market. The market structure between farmers and traders in ENT made the income received by farmers is always low that is approaching or not even exceeding production costs. Therefore an accurate and transparent market information system is needed in ENT so that farmers are able to have bargaining power so as to obtain fair profits. Even though the income derived from the sale of cattle is low, the beef cattle farmers still survives in their business because they do their business as a job carried out from generation to generation to support their household economy. Beef cattle farming as a way of life is kept to fulfill the social and cultural demands of society in ENT.
Effect of Packaging Fillers Materials on the Quality of Papaya Fruit (Carica papaya I.)
Authors: Sigalingging R , Nasution H A , Rindang A , Ayu P C 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Papaya is classified as a high economic value commodities, however it is perishable, easy to lose weight due to its thin skin and soft flesh and has a short shelf-life. Generally, the papaya transportation process in Indonesia is only conducted using a simple packaging method such as using papers or baskets to avoid wound on the fruit. Therefore, packaging improvement would provide a great advantage for papaya trading. This study aimed to determine the effect on papaya quality while packaged in different packaging fillers materials during land transportation using simulation. The results showed that the highest percentage of weight loss, mechanical damage and hardness after simulation at frequency of 1.5 Hz and 3 HZ were 6.74%; 71.48%; 4.23 gr/mm and 7%; 97.16%, 4.17 gr/mm respectively in RST3 treatment (plastic basket of straw filler in 5 hours simulation), while the lowest percentage after simulation at frequency of 1.5 Hz and 3 Hz were 0.14%; 30.95%; 2.86 gr/mm and 0.17%; 26.18%; 2.56 gr/mm respectively in NPT1 treatment (newspaper filling material in 1 hour simulation). The best packaging to reduce quality degradation in papaya using transportation simulation at the frequency of 1.5 Hz and 3 Hz was the plastic basket with newspaper filler.
Effect of bamboo strand length on oriented strand board
Authors: Iswanto A H , Idris M , Sucipto T 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Utilization of non-wood material containing lignocellulose like bamboo Tali could be used for material in the manufacturing of oriented strand board (OSB). This research aimed to evaluate the effect of strand length on OSB quality made from Bamboo Tali. Strand length that used in this research was 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 cm. The size of the boards. thickness and density target were 25 x 25 cm2, 1 cm, and 0.7 g.cm−3 respectively. OSB was made in three layers with perpendicular strand direction for every layer. The ratio of face/core/back was 1:2:1. The resin used in this research was Isocyanate resin (H3M type) with 5% resin content and 98% solid content to bind the board. After mat-forming. Mat was pressed using hot pressing in 160°C for 5 minutes and 25 kg.cm−2 pressure. The results showed that almost all parameter of physical properties had fulfilled standard except moisture content. Furthermore, overall the parameter of mechanical properties had fulfilled JIS A 5908 standard. The trend of MOR and MOE showed that increasing of strand length caused of increasing those parameters, but the contrary trend occurred on internal bond.
Study on the convective drying of potato cube
Authors: Romauli N D M , Ambarita H 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Drying is a conventional method of food preservation that removes sufficient number of moistures from the food so bacteria, yeast and molds cannot grow. There are several drying techniques can be found in industry such as convective drying and freeze drying. In this study a potato cube is taken into consideration of convective drying experimentally. A small-scale wind tunnel has been designed and fabricated. During experiment, the temperature and mass of the potato cube are measured and recorded. Temperature and velocity of the hot drying air are measured. In order to provide a better analysis computational fluid dynamic is also carried out. The heat and mass transfer analysis during the drying are presented. The results show that the average drying rate of the potato cube is 4.061 gr/hour. The present results can be used to support the necessary information on developing high efficient artificial drier.
Effect of bio activator use on corn cobs as a complete feed on performance and digestibility of local sheep
Authors: Arwinsyah  , Tafsin M , Yunilas  
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This study was conducted in Binjai City in two stages for 3 months. Stage I aims to determine changes in the chemical components of corn cobs which are fermented with various bioactivators. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 3 replications. The results of the diversity analysis showed the use of various bio activators significantly (P <0.05) on crude protein content and crude fibre content. Stage II aims to determine the response of local sheep that are fed complete based on corn cobs fermented on feed performance and digestibility. This study used 20 local rams with an average weight of 19.82 kg using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The results showed that corn cobs administration had a significant effect (P <0.05) on feed performance and digestibility. The highest income over feed ratio is found in the P4 treatment of Rp. 334,400. From this study it can be concluded that the best treatment is found in P4 treatment which has the lowest feed conversion value and the most economical IOFC value.
Addition of andaliman to shelf life of beef nugget
Authors: Hasnudi  , Mirwandhono R E , Siregar G A W 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This study aims to identify the antimicrobial properties found in andaliman and test to the shelf life of beef nuggets containing andaliman. This study method uses an exploratory method which begins with andaliman extraction and identification of antibacterial compounds. The next stage is the manufacture of beef nuggets that are treated (0; 0.5; 1; 1.5) % andaliman. The observed research parameters included: phytochemical test and contamination test (microbiology). This study uses Factorial 4x3 Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 2 factors: factor 1: andaliman concentration and factor 2: shelf life. The result showed that Andaliman has antimicrobial properties. The 1.5% Andaliman concentration in beef nuggets (N3H0) has the best inhibitory power, because the andaliman beef nugget has the highest inhibitor when compared with other treatment.
The durability of OSB composite plywood with avocado, mahogany, and pine wood veneers against drywood and subterranean termites
Authors: Cahyono T D , Yanti H , Massijaya M Y , Iswanto A H , Uluputty M R 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Biological decay agent is one threat should be anticipated when designing the building materials. This research is conducted to examine the composite plywood’s (comply’s) durability against drywood and subterranean termites’attacks. The veneers used are those made of Avocado (Persea americana), Mahogany (Swietenia mahogany) and Pine (Pinus merkusii) wood. Those three veneer types may be used to overlay the Oriented Strand Board’s (OSB’s) face and back part. The comply made then fed to both main biological decay agents in Indonesia, namely drywood termites (in the labouratory) and subterranean termites (grave yard test). The research results show that the comply’s durability is increasing against both drywood and soil termites respectively by 41.3% and 71.58%. This research shows that ME comply type (mahogany veneer, isocyanate adhesive) is the comply with the best durability against both biological decay agents’ attacks. This research result is expected to provide various benefits for material efficiency and energy conservation activity supports.
Study of the biogas technology adoption as a livestock waste management among smallholder farmers in Indonesia
Authors: Putra A R S , Czekaj T G , Lund M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The aim of this paper was to determine the factors influencing biogas adoption as a livestock waste management among smallholder farmers in Indonesia. The study emphasized the positive influence of farmer engagement on the technology transfer process. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia by involving 351 respondents who were smallholder practicing the Mixed Crops and Livestock (MCL) farming from 2013 to 2014. The results of Logit regression showed that the biogas technology adoption in Indonesia was influenced by attainment of formal education, women involvement in decision making, number of cattle in the household, household’s income, availability of biogas instalment funding, and the degree of connectedness to stakeholders in the agricultural technology transfer system. The study concluded that the availability of biogas installation funding and better engagement to the technology transfer stakeholders positively influenced the biogas technology adoption among MCL farmers.
Mapping of actual and potential land suitability for oil palm in several land unit using geographic information system
Authors: Rahmawaty  , Rauf A , Frastika S 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The suitability land of oil palm in North Sumatra Province is important, especially in the lands that are often planted by the community. This study aimed to map the actual and potential suitability of the land for oil palm in Sei Bingai Subdistrict, Langkat, North Sumatra, Indonesia under the different land unit. This research was conducted from March to June 2018. The survey method was conducted to collect soil samples in the field. Land suitability classification (LSC) was evaluated based on the matching method. The Geographic Information System (SIG) was used to map the land suitability classes. The results showed that the land suitability classes for oil palm were marginally suitable (S3) on all land unit. There were no suitable (S1), moderately suitable (S2), and not suitable (N) classes were found in all land unit. There were several limiting factors in land suitability evaluation in the area, namely: the availability of water, erosion hazard, and root zone medium. The water availability (wa) was the dominant limiting factor in this area.
The effect of glue spreads and adhesive type on quality of laminated board from oil palm trunk
Authors: Hartono R , Iswanto A H , Sucipto T , Cahyono T D , Dwianto W , Darmawan T 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The objective of this study was to analysis glue spreads and adhesive type on physical and mechanical properties of a laminate board from oil palm trunk and to obtain the optimum glue spread for each adhesive to manufacture laminate board. Adhesive used were polyvenil acetate(PVAc), urea formaldehyde(UF), and phenol formaldehyde(PF). Glue spread variation were 240, 260, 280 and 300g/m2. On this research, the lamina board consists of three layers. Upper and bottom layer made from the outer part of the oil palm trunks with dimension of 45cm x 5cm x 1cm, the middle layer made from the soft-inner part of oil palm trunks with dimension of 45cm x5cm x2cm and then compressed up to dimension of 45cm x 5cm x 1cm. The results will be compared with the JAS standard 243:2003. The results of this study showed that all of the physical properties fulfilled the standard of JAS 243:2003, except laminate board using PVAc adhesive. The other hand, all of the mechanical properties did not fulfil standard, except the value of MOR with treatment 240g/m2 using PF adhesive. The optimum quality in this study using PVAc, UF and PF adhesive using glue spread of 240g/m2, 280g/m2 and 240g/m2, respectively.
Formulation of instant porridge based on moringa leaves as a functional food for nursing mother
Authors: Pranowo D , Mustaniroh S A , Ihwah A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Female workers reach 43.3 million people nowadays, which 25 million are in the reproductive age. Based on Basic Health Research, the number of nursing mothers only 42% far below the target of 80%. This study is to make instant porridge formulations for nursing mothers. The materials are Moringa leaves, soy flour, banana flour, oats, palm sugar and skim milk. This research was arranged using Linear Programming Solver 1.9.4 to determine the best formulation based on nutritional adequacy rate for nursing mothers and hedonic test to determine the level of consumer preference for the product. The optimal porridge formulation is 5 grams Moringa leaves powder, 5 grams of soy flour, 20 grams of banana flour, 25 grams of oat, 22.5 grams of palm sugar and 22.5 grams of skim milk. The hedonic test is carried out on nursing women and productive age in the area of Temas, Batu, Malang Regency with the results of taste, colour, appearance and average texture worth four which means they like the product.
Characteristics of surimi gelfrom Oreochromis mossambicus in different aquaculture areas
Authors: Kurniasih R A , Darmanto Y S , Herawati V E 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Gelling properties of surimi can be influenced by quality of tilapia meat. Meanwhile, the quality of meat can be influenced by aquaculture conditions and aquaculture areas. Hence, the objective of this research was to examine the quality of surimi with tilapia as raw materials cultivated in different areas. Tilapia cultivated in Sentani Lake, Rawa Pening Lake, and Wadas lintang Reservoir will be used for producing surimi in this study. The results showed that tilapia cultivated in Rawa Pening Lake can produce surimi with the highest gel strength and the lowest expressible moisture content than others (p<0.05). Rawa Pening Lake tilapia surimi has characteristics including gel strength of 842.68 ± 118.11 g.cm, whiteness 76.10 ± 0.83, expressible moisture content 13.96 ± 3.18%, hardness 0.31 ± 0.09 kg.f, and springiness 6.62 ± 0.41 mm. Based on the observation of microstructure by using SEM, it showed that Rawa Pening Lake tilapia surimi produces a denser and finer gel network. Therefore, Rawa Pening Lake tilapia could be used as the alternative raw material for surimi.
CPUE analysis of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) at the Sibolga Nusantara Fishery Port
Authors: Fadhilah A , Pulungan A , Soemaryono Y , Yusni E , Dewinta A F 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The study aims to analyse the value of CPUE and the factors which influenced the Skipjack Tuna fishing production at the Sibolga Nusantara Fisheries Port (PPN). This research was conducted at PPN Sibolga, Central Tapanuli Regency. The research was conducted using a descriptive method with sample of 40 fishermen of purse seine vessels (ship captains) determined through purposive sampling technique. Data analysis techniques were carried out by using CPUE value analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that: (1) CPUE value of Skipjack Tuna landed at PPN Sibolga for a period of 6 years (2011-2016) experienced fluctuating decline and increase. The average CPUE value was 199.70 kg/trip. The highest CPUE value occurred in 2016 was 412.24 kg/trip and the lowest CPUE value occurred in 2015 was 32.70 kg/trip; (2) partially, the factors of the fisherman experience, the size of the ship, the power of the engine and the length of the trip had a significant effect on the skipjack tuna fishing production. Meanwhile, the amount of fuel did not have a significant effect. Trip duration was the dominant factor or had a strong influence in the fishing production of skipjack tuna.
Land suitability evaluation for oil palm plantations (Elaeisguenensis jacq) on Sitellu Tali Urang Julu, Pakpak Bharat District
Authors: Harahap F S , Sitompul R , Rauf A , Rahmawaty  , Harahap D E , Walida H 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The Non-Forest Area is an outside of forest area which can be used for other reconstruction sector activities, one of them is for agricultural land area sector. At Sitellu Tali Urang Julu, Pakpak Bharat district, the potential utilized land for agricultural cultivation activities is largest and expecting will improve the welfare of local farmers. This research aimed was to determine the land suitability in Sitellu Tali Urang Julu, Pakpak Bharat district for oil palm plantation (ElaeisguenensisJacq). The research method was survey in Sitellu Tali Urang Julu, Pakpak Bharat. This research conducted by taking soil samples in field then analyzed in laboratory. The survey activities consist of 5 stages; there were pra-survey, main survey, soil analysis in Laboratorium and also processing data. The survey results showed that retention and nutrients availability were the most limiting factor on Non-forest area Sitellu Tali Urang Julu for developing oil palm plantation, moreover the regional air temperature should be considering. Actual land conditions that cultivated in Sitellu Tali Urang Julu Subdistrict is oil palm is 939.11 ha. Than potential area land that cultured in Sitellu Tali Urang Julu is: Oil Palm around 939.11 hectares, cannot be understood.
The evaluation of soil chemistry and soil physic on understudied of camphor trees (Dryobalanops aromatica Colebr)
Authors: Prasetyo H , Rauf A , Sabrina T , Hidayat B , Harahap F S 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The Study of chemical characteristics and soil physics under tree stands Camphor (Dryobalanops aromatica Colebr) aims to evaluate the chemical and physical properties of the soil in influencing the growth and production of trees Camphor (Dryobalanops aromatica Colebr). This research was conducted at the Research and Technology Laboratory Faculty of Agriculture University of North Sumatera, The research was conducted from November 2017 to March 2018. The research used a survey method with sampling based on purposive sampling that is taking soil samples. The results showed that the characteristics of the land under lime stands varied considerably, is cation exchange capacity (low and very low), C-organic (low, medium, and high), soil texture (sandy clay and sand clay), pH (very acid ), and Ca-total (very low). The result of regression analysis showed that the real soil organic matter is directly proportional to the height and diameter of the lime tree trunk, while the real soil pH is inversely proportional to the height and diameter of tree trunks and the real exchange rates are directly proportional to plant height but not significant to the diameter of the stem.