bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photochemical Hydroacylation of Michael Acceptors Utilizing an Aldehyde as Photoinitiator
Authors: Sideri Ioanna K. , Voutyritsa Errika , Kokotos Christoforos G. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe hydroacylation of Michael acceptors constitutes a useful tool for the formation of new C−C bonds. In this work, an environmentally friendly procedure was developed, utilizing 4cyanobenzaldehyde as the photoinitiator and household bulbs as the irradiation source. A great variety of substrates was well‐tolerated, leading to good yields, and mechanistic experiments were performed to elucidate the catalyst's possible mechanistic pathway. Moreover, the inherent selectivity challenge regarding α,α‐disubstituted aldehydes (decarbonylation problem) was studied and addressed.
Spectral efficiency evaluation of full‐duplex mode of communications based on SLNR approach
Authors: Teklu Merhawit Berhane , Meng Wei‐Xiao , Li Cheng , Chen Lei 
Published: July 2019

SummaryFull‐duplex (FD) mode of communication with efficient transmission scheme is a promising approach for 5G wireless systems by improving the spectral efficiency. This can be attained by making use of various precoding approaches. We propose a new co‐channel interference (CCI)‐aware improvement to signal‐to‐leakage‐and‐noise ratio (SLNR) technique and a suppression filter at the receiver to whiten the interference for the downlink channel. As well, for the uplink (UL) communication, we propose a self‐interference (SI)‐aware enhancement to SLNR scheme and designing a precoder using self‐interference plus noise covariance matrix. The total spectral efficiency is obtained from the sum‐rates of both downlink and uplink communication systems. Simulation results verify that the spectral efficiency (SE) of FD using the proposed scheme performs well relative to the half‐duplex system for all Rician factor and for small powers at the base station (BS) and UL communication channel users. Moreover, as the number of users grows, which entails that as the number of receiving antennas greater than the number of antennas at the BS the SLNR scheme still works, nonetheless, zero‐forcing (ZF) and block‐diagonalization (BD) precoding schemes failed. This is due to the fact that designing a precoder based on SLNR scheme supports multiple numbers of antennas at the base station and users compared with ZF and BD by compromising the interference and noise. However, for the cases of ZF and BD approaches failed due to both schemes require the number of transmit antennas at the BS to be larger than the sum of the receiving antennas at all users.
Proposal of cross‐layer bandwidth assignment with buffer size indication for TCP flow control
Authors: Kudo Tomoko , Taketa Toshihiro , Hiranaka Yukio 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we propose, verify, and evaluate a method combining cross‐layer method and bandwidth allocation to overcome the difficulty of flow control in a network with large bandwidth delay product. When the bandwidth delay product is large, there are problems with the convergence time, efficiency and stability of bandwidth utilization, and fairness among traffics of different round‐trip time. As a result of examining the conventional methods, we propose a novel method that can be realized as a functional addition to the existing transmission control protocol (TCP) flow control with improvement in utilization efficiency, fairness, stability, and convergence time. The method is compared with TCP Reno, FAST TCP, CUBIC, Explicit Congestion Notification, and eXplicit Control Protocol by simulation, and is confirmed as having good characteristics.
Beyond inputs and outputs: Process‐oriented explanation of institutional change in climate adaptation governance
Authors: Patterson James , de Voogt Douwe L. , Sapiains Rodolfo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractClimate adaptation is a growing imperative across all scales and sectors of governance. This often requires changes in institutions, which can be difficult to realize. Explicitly process‐oriented approaches explaining how and why institutional change occurs are lacking. Overcoming this gap is vital to move beyond either input‐oriented (e.g., capacity) or output‐oriented (e.g., assessment) approaches, to understand how changes actually occur for addressing complex and contested governance issues. This paper analyses causal conditions and mechanisms by which institutions develop in climate adaptation governance. It focuses on urban climate governance through an in‐depth case study of Santiago, Chile, over a 12‐year period (2005–2017), drawing on primary and secondary data, including 26 semistructured interviews with policy, academic, and civil society actors. It identifies and explains a variety of institutional developments across multiple levels (i.e., programmatic, legislative, and constitutional), through a theory‐centric process tracing methodology. This reveals a multiple‐response pattern, involving several causal mechanisms and coexisting institutional logics. Findings suggest that although adaptation may be inherently protracted, institutions can nevertheless develop in both related and novel directions. Overall, the paper argues for a new research agenda on process‐oriented theorizing and analysis in climate and environmental governance.
Biologicals targeting type 2 immunity: Lessons learned from asthma, chronic urticaria and atopic dermatitis
Authors: Cosmi Lorenzo , Maggi Laura , Mazzoni Alessio , Liotta Francesco , Annunziato Francesco 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDuring the last decades, progression of research has led to great achievements for treatment and therapy of several disabling disorders, particularly in the field of chronic inflammatory diseases. The increased knowledge of the molecular mechanisms operating in such diseases has represented the first step in this process, and the discovery of molecules able to interfere with the natural history of the diseases, has been the second. This review is focused on the effects of biologics on type 2 diseases such as asthma, chronic urticaria and atopic dermatitis, both biologics just approved for clinical application and also those that are currently undergoing clinical trials. We will also discuss aspects and emphasize clinical trials and recently published studies, as well as research that is currently in the progress, which will be highly relevant for basic immunologists. Likewise, we will cover aspects that are pertinent for clinical immunologists and highlight translational studies that are evaluating novel biologicals in animal models.
Neuropsychological functions of verbal recall and psychomotor speed significantly affect pain tolerance
Authors: Jacobsen Henrik Børsting , Stubhaug Audun , Schirmer Henrik , Inge Landrø Nils , Wilsgaard Tom , Mathiesen Ellisiv Bøgeberg , Nielsen Christopher Sivert 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundEffects from cognitive performance on pain tolerance have been documented, however, sample sizes are small and confounders often overlooked. We aimed to establish that performance on neuropsychological tests was associated with pain tolerance, controlling for salient confounders.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study nested within the Tromsø‐6 survey. Neuropsychological test performance and the cold pressor test were investigated in 4,623 participants. Due to significant interaction with age, participants were divided into three age groups (<60, ≥60 to <70 and ≥70 years). Cox proportional hazard models assessed the relationship between neuropsychological tests and cold pressure pain tolerance, using hand‐withdrawal as event. The fully adjusted models controlled for sex, education, BMI, smoking status, exercise, systolic blood pressure, sleep problems and mental distress.ResultsIn the adjusted models, participants aged ≥70 years showed a decreased hazard of hand withdrawal of 18% (HR 0.82, 95% CI (0.73, 0.92) per standard deviation on immediate verbal recall, and a decreased hazard of 23% (HR 0.77, 95% CI (0.65, 0.08) per standard deviation on psychomotor speed. Participants aged ≥60 to <70 years had a significant decreased hazard of 11% (HR 0.89, 95% CI (0.80, 0.98) per standard deviation on immediate word recall. In participants aged <60 years, there was a decreased hazard of 14% (HR 0.86 95% CI: 0.76, 0.98), per standard deviation on psychomotor speed.ConclusionBetter performance on neuropsychological tests increased pain tolerance on the cold pressor test. These exposure effects were present in all age groups.SignificanceThis paper describes substantial associations between cognitive functioning and cold pressor tolerance in 4,623 participants. Reduced psychomotor speed and poor verbal recall gave greater odds for hand‐withdrawal on the cold pressor task. The associations were stronger in older participants, indicating an interaction with age.
Complex disturbance‐driven reactivation of near‐surface sediments in the largest dunefield in North America during the last 200 years
Authors: Buckland Catherine E. , Thomas David S.G. , Bailey Richard M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the historical activity of desert dune systems is important for identifying both the palaeoenvironmental drivers of change and the likelihood of future reactivation. Dating dune sediments in the Nebraska Sandhills has identified regional‐scale dune activity over centennial and millennial timescales during the Holocene, occurring at 9.6–6.5, 3.8 and 2.5 ka, and most recently spanning the Medieval Climatic Anomaly 1050–650 years BP. These periods have been interpreted as palaeoclimatic evidence of intense aridity lasting decadal and centennial timescales. A detailed record of dune activity in the historical period, since EuroAmerican arrival, is lacking however, yet important for interpreting the role of human agency amongst the factors influencing disturbance. Without a high‐resolution record of short‐term, historical, local sediment mobilization, it is not possible to distinguish the environmental factor(s) responsible for local reactivation. In this paper, the individual drivers of vegetation disturbance are reviewed and presented alongside a luminescence‐dated reconstruction of dune sediment deposition ages. This allows an integrated assessment of the relationship between drivers and environmental response over a recorded period. We focused our investigation on the aeolian reactivations of surface dune sediments and blowout features around the Niobrara Valley Preserve in the northern limits of the Nebraska Sandhills. Results show a near‐continuous (within uncertainties) timeline of local reactivation across the sites studied, with variation between the individual features indicating that both regional (i.e. climatic) and local (i.e. land use) forcings contribute to surface disturbance. © 2019 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. © 2019 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
T‐D2D: A trust model for service offloading in device‐to‐device communication
Authors: Movahedi Zeinab , Hosseini Zahra 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWith the advances in pervasive computing, Internet of things (IoT) has gained considerable attention from both research and industrial communities. While IoT devices are able to provide computational services to other devices via device‐to‐device (D2D) communications, they are not guaranteed to be honest and collaborative. In such a context, the trust model can help to detect malicious service providers. However, malicious nodes may perform trust‐distortion attacks to mislead the trust model. They may perform on‐off attacks to remain undetected or bad‐mouth about others to make it difficult to infer if a contradictory recommendation comes from the on‐off nature of the evaluated node or dishonesty of the recommender. To address these issues, we propose T‐D2D, a lightweight trust model capable to face simultaneous trust‐distortion attacks. T‐D2D evaluates a node's nature using both short‐term and long‐term evaluation intervals to detect different types of on‐off attacks. Moreover, it keeps track of marginal misbehaving over several successive intervals to recognize the nature of suspicious on‐off nodes with light misbehaving attitude. To face bad‐mouthing attackers, T‐D2D limits its dependence on recommendations to when the direct trust is not decisive. Moreover, it evaluates the honesty of a recommender based on the correctness of its recommendations over time. Simulation results prove that T‐D2D exhibits significantly better performance than other counterparts in terms of trust level, correctness of calculated trust, percentage of selected malicious providers, total wasted execution time, and energy consumption in presence of simultaneous trust‐distortion attacks.
An efficient hierarchical clustering protocol for multihop Internet of vehicles communication
Authors: Dutta Ashit Kumar , Elhoseny Mohamed , Dahiya Vandna , Shankar K. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPresently, Internet of vehicles (IoV) offers promising solutions to upgrade the traditional vehicular ad‐hoc networks (VANETs) to the next level. Since the resources are highly constrained on available resources, clustering is generally employed in VANETs. In this paper, we introduce an efficient hierarchical clustering protocol (EHCP) for multihop communication for effective resource utilization and thereby enhance the network lifetime. The proposed EHCP assumes that the vehicles are linked to the Internet using road‐side unit gateway. When the vehicles are linked to the Internet, every vehicle gathers information about its neighboring nodes and performs the clustering process to select appropriate cluster heads. The presented EHCP is simulated in NS‐2 and the VanetMobiSim integrated environment. The outcomes are analyzed in terms of different measures such as network lifetime, overhead, delay, and delivery ratio. The presented method achieved maximum packet delivery ratio of 0.94 under the high vehicle density of 180. The experimental values ensured the superior performance of the EHCP over the compared methods such as n‐hop and distributed multihop clustering using a neighborhood follow algorithm in a significant manner.
Refined measure of functional connectomes for improved identifiability and prediction
Authors: Cai Biao , Zhang Gemeng , Hu Wenxing , Zhang Aiying , Zille Pascal , Zhang Yipu , Stephen Julia M. , Wilson Tony W. , Calhoun Vince D. , Wang Yu‐Ping 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBrain functional connectome analysis is commonly based on population‐wise inference. However, in this way precious information provided at the individual subject level may be overlooked. Recently, several studies have shown that individual differences contribute strongly to the functional connectivity patterns. In particular, functional connectomes have been proven to offer a fingerprint measure, which can reliably identify a given individual from a pool of participants. In this work, we propose to refine the standard measure of individual functional connectomes using dictionary learning. More specifically, we rely on the assumption that each functional connectivity is dominated by stable group and individual factors. By subtracting population‐wise contributions from connectivity patterns facilitated by dictionary representation, intersubject variability should be increased within the group. We validate our approach using several types of analyses. For example, we observe that refined connectivity profiles significantly increase subject‐specific identifiability across functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) session combinations. Besides, refined connectomes can also improve the prediction power for cognitive behaviors. In accordance with results from the literature, we find that individual distinctiveness is closely linked with differences in neurocognitive activity within the brain. In summary, our results indicate that individual connectivity analysis benefits from the group‐wise inferences and refined connectomes are indeed desirable for brain mapping.
MicroRNA expression patterns in oral squamous cell carcinoma: hsa‐mir‐99b‐3p and hsa‐mir‐100‐5p as novel prognostic markers for oral cancer
Authors: Jakob Mark , Mattes Lena M. , Küffer Stefan , Unger Kristian , Hess Julia , Bertlich Mattis , Haubner Frank , Ihler Friedrich , Canis Martin , Weiss Bernhard G. , Kitz Julia 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundMicroRNAs (miRNA) recently evolved as potential cancer biomarkers. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of eight miRNAs connected to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).MethodExpression levels of hsa‐mir‐21‐5p, hsa‐mir‐29b‐3p, hsa‐mir‐31‐5p, hsa‐mir‐99a‐5p, hsa‐mir‐99b‐3p, hsa‐mir‐100‐5p, hsa‐mir‐143‐3p and hsa‐mir‐155‐5p were analyzed in tumor tissue (n = 36) and healthy oral mucosal tissue (n = 17) and correlated with clinical variables. Results of the study cohort were validated in an OSCC cohort of The Cancer Genome Atlas.ResultsIncreased hsa‐mir‐99b‐3p expression level showed a tendency toward advanced tumor stages, and high levels of hsa‐mir‐100‐5p expression were associated with extracapsular extension. While a high expression level of hsa‐mir‐99b‐3p was associated with better survival, a high expression level of hsa‐mir‐100‐5p was correlated with a poorer survival in the study cohort.ConclusionOur results indicate that hsa‐mir‐99b‐3p and hsa‐mir‐100‐5p may serve as novel prognostic biomarkers in OSCC.
Long‐term outcome of re‐irradiation for recurrent or second primary head and neck cancer: A multi‐institutional study of AIRO—Head and Neck working group
Authors: Orlandi Ester , Bonomo Pierluigi , Ferella Letizia , D'Angelo Elisa , Maddalo Marta , Alterio Daniela , Infante Gabriele , Bacigalupo Almalina , Argenone Angela , Iacovelli Nicola Alessandro , Desideri Isacco , Meduri Bruno , Triggiani Luca , Volpe Stefania , Belgioia Liliana , Dionisi Francesco , Romanello Domenico Attilio , Fallai Carlo , Miceli Rosalba 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo report the long‐term outcome of patients undergoing re‐irradiation (re‐RT) for a recurrent or second primary head and neck cancer (RSPHNCs) in seven Italian tertiary centers, while testing the Multi‐Institution Reirradation (MIRI) recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) recently published.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 159 patients. Prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) selected by a random forest model were included in a multivariable Cox analysis. To externally validate MIRI RPA, we estimated the Kaplan‐Meier group‐stratified OS curves for the whole population.ResultsFive‐year OS was 43.5% (median follow‐up: 49.9 months). Nasopharyngeal site, no organ dysfunction, and re‐RT volume <36 cm3 were independent factors for better OS. By applying the MIRI RPA to our cohort, a Harrell C‐Index of 0.526 was found indicating poor discriminative ability.ConclusionOur data reinforce the survival benefit of Re‐RT for selected patients with RSPHNC. MIRI RPA was not validated in our population.
Resource allocation for chronic diseases based on a patient willingness survey
Authors: Bai Ge , Zhou Yinan , Luo Li , Wang Zhaoxin 
Published: July 2019

SummaryIn China, patients with chronic diseases have complete freedom to choose the medical institutions at which they are treated, which has resulted in wasted medical resources and increased medical expenses. The purpose of this study is to determine the effective mechanisms to incentivise patients with chronic diseases to obtain referrals from community health centres to tertiary hospitals and estimate the funds that could be saved using various mechanisms. Questionnaire research, expert consultations, and data simulation were applied. We surveyed 1824 outpatients at nine tertiary hospitals in Shanghai, and the results showed that the proportion of patients willing to obtain referrals was 48.4%. By increasing the registration fee, reducing the payment ratio of medical insurance, publicising, and rating the quality of community health centres, up to 51.3%, 50.6%, and 65.41% patients with chronic diseases indicated that they would obtain referrals, respectively. According to the 2015 Shanghai outpatient database, the funding that could be saved through these three mechanisms would be 361.67, 356.73, and 461.14 million yuan, respectively. We conclude that referral of patients with chronic diseases could reduce medical expenses and save medical insurance funds. Nevertheless, no single measure can effectively change patient habits. Comprehensive measures need to be applied to guide patient referral actively.
Complicated bulbar urethral stricture successfully treated using augmented anastomotic urethroplasty: A case report
Authors: Tabei Tadashi , Horiguchi Akio , Kobayashi Kazuki 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionManagement of a complicated urethral stricture is a urological challenge. We present a case of a complicated urethral stricture successfully treated using augmented anastomotic urethroplasty.Case presentationA 48‐year‐old man visited our department for the treatment of urethral stricture, for which repeated transurethral procedures had failed. The operative view revealed that the urethral lumen was, in fact, completely obliterated over a 30‐mm segment. We proceeded with augmented anastomotic urethroplasty. After the excision of the obliterated lesion, the ventral half of the bulbar urethral ends was anastomosed and their dorsal half was subsequently augmented via buccal mucosa spread and then fixed to the corpus cavernosa. There has been no indication of recurrence, 4 months after the procedure.ConclusionAugmented anastomotic urethroplasty is a useful technique for repairing a complicated bulbar stricture. Urologists should understand appropriate indications for each treatment method so as to not make cases more complicated to treat.
Negative influence of biofilm on CoCrMo corrosion
Authors: Chuang Philip J. , Swaminathan Viswanathan , Pavlovsky Leonid , Marquez‐Catral Ligaya , Jones David L. , Song Lin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMinimal studies exist investigating biofilm‐induced corrosion of orthopaedic implants. This study investigates potential contributions of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus biofilms on corrosion resistance of CoCrMo under static and fretting conditions. Biofilms were cultured on CoCrMo coupons for either 4 weeks (static culture) or 6 days (fretting culture; pin‐on‐disk with a Ti6Al4V hemispherical tip pin). Morphology of biofilms and corrosion of coupon surfaces were analyzed via SEM. Open circuit potential and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements were collected for corrosion performance evaluation. Results showed no visible corrosion on coupon surfaces in static culture, which suggests these biofilms alone do not induce severe corrosion under the conditions of this study. However, electrochemical data showed biofilm presence lowered coupon electrochemical impedance in static and fretting cultures, suggesting resistive and capacitive characteristics of the metal oxide‐biofilm‐media interface were altered. Under fretting, the P. aeruginosa group exhibited a distinct damage morphology and Co:Cr:Mo ratio within the wear scar when compared with S. aureus and the bacteria‐free control. These differences suggest the presence of P. aeruginosa biofilms may negatively impact corrosion resistance at the fretting interface. Taken together these results demonstrate biofilms can contribute to implant corrosion by influencing the electrochemical impedance of implant metal surfaces.