bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Speckled Lentiginous Nevus Syndrome
Authors: Marino Simona , Venti Valeria , Mendola Flavia , Garozzo Maria , Polizzi Agata , Pirrone Concetta , Lacarrubba Francesco , Micali Giuseppe , Quattrocchi Enrica , Schepis Carmelo , Zanghì Antonio , Praticò Elena , Pascual-Castroviejo Ignacio , Ruggieri Martino , Praticò Andrea 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSpeckled lentiginous nevus syndrome is a rare neurocutaneous phenotype, characterized by a specked lentiginous nevus, appearing as a light brown macule superimposed by multiple melanocytic nevi in the form of macules or papules with uneven distribution, associated with ipsilateral neurological and musculoskeletal abnormalities (i.e., dysesthesia, hyperhidrosis, and musculoskeletal abnormalities) occur. It represents a mosaic phenotype disorder resulting from postzygotic loss of heterozygosity, due to a localized defect in neural crest melanoblasts that originate certain areas of the skin and some ipsilateral neurological and musculoskeletal cells. Environmental and genetic factors may also play a role, but it has not been clarified how these factors behave in this syndrome.
Nevus Sebaceous Syndrome
Authors: La Mendola Flavia , Catanzaro Stefano , Polizzi Agata , Schepis Carmelo , Pirrone Concetta , Zanghì Antonio , Salafia Stefania , Ruggieri Martino , Lacarrubba Francesco , Micali Giuseppe , Verzì Anna , Sugarman Jeffrey , Praticò Andrea 
Published: August 2018

Nevus sebaceous (NS) is a hamartomatous disorder of the skin and adjacent tissues characterized by epidermal, follicular, sebaceous, and apocrine gland abnormalities. It occurs in approximately 1 in 1,000 live births. A hyperactivation of Ras pathways has been recently assumed to be the cause of this phenotype. NS lesions may be isolated or coupled with extracutaneous manifestations, mostly of the central nervous, ocular, and skeletal systems, or kidneys; in this case, the term “NS syndrome” is used. Cutaneous distribution of NS usually follows the linear patterns known as “lines of Blaschko,” with lines that do not follow the segmental trajectory of the peripheral sensory nerves but instead reflect the streams or trends of growth of embryonic tissues. Histological characteristics of the lesions appear to be actually more decisive than the clinical evaluation to distinguish between the types of epidermal nevus: the typical NS has both papillated epidermal hyperplasia and a predominance of subjacent abnormal follicular–sebaceous glands.Seizures, mental retardation, and/or cognitive developmental delay are the most common neurologic abnormalities associated with NS and usually are present within the first months of life; eye and skeletal involvement may be present as well.The definitive treatment of NS is full-thickness excision. However, the necessity and timing of excision to prevent possible future malignancy are not clear; lasers and photodynamic therapy are alternatives currently being explored for the treatment of NS, with varying degrees of success.
Adoption of Electronic Dental Records: Examining the Influence of Practice Characteristics on Adoption in One State
Authors: Chauhan Zain , Samarah Mohammad , Unertl Kim , Jones Martha 
Published: August 2018

Objective Compared with medicine, less research has focused on adoption rates and factors contributing to the adoption of electronic dental records (EDRs) and certified electronic health records (EHRs) in the field of dentistry. We ran two multivariate models on EDR adoption and certification-capable EHR adoption to determine environmental and organizational factors associated with adoption.
Methods We conducted telephone survey of a 10-item questionnaire using disproportionate stratified sampling procedure of 149 dental clinics in Tennessee in 2017 measuring adoption of dental information technology (IT) (EDRs and certification-capable EHRs) and practice characteristics, including region, rurality, specialty, and practice size. We used binomial logistic regression models to determine associations of adoption with predictor variables.
Results A total of 77% of surveyed dental clinics in Tennessee had adopted some type of EDR system. When the definitions of certification capable were applied, the adoption rates in dental clinics dropped to 58%. A binomial logistic regression model for the effects of rurality, specialization, and practice size on the likelihood that a clinic would adopt an EHR product was statistically significant (chi-square (3) = 12.41, p = 0.0061). Of the three predictor variables, specialization and practice size were significant: Odds of adopting an EHR is 67% lower for specialists than for general dentists; and clinics with two or more practicing dentists were associated with a much greater likelihood of adopting an EHR-capable system (adjusted odds ratio = 3.09, p = 0.009).
Conclusion Findings from this study indicate moderate to high levels of overall dental IT adoption. However, adoption rates in dental clinics do remain lower than those observed in office-based physician practices in medicine. Specialization and practice size were significant predictors of EHR-capable system adoption. Efforts to increase EHR adoption in dentistry should be mindful of potential disparities in smaller practices and between dental specialties and generalists.
Pie Crust Technique of the Deep Medial Collateral Ligament in Knee Arthroscopy: Ultrasound and Anatomic Study
Authors: Claret-Garcia Guillem , Montañana-Burillo Jordi , Tornero-Dacasa Eduard , Llusá-Pérez Manel , Popescu Dragos , Combalia-Aleu Andreu , Sastre-Solsona Sergi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis article determines compartment opening of the medial articular space of the knee after pie crust (PC) technique of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) by ultrasound measurements and anatomic dissection. This is a cadaveric study of 12 specimens. Four anatomic references were marked on the skin. Distances between the femur and tibia in the internal compartment at 30 degrees of flexion were obtained with ultrasound measurements in four situations: with and without applying valgus force both prior and after the PC technique. Ultrasound measurements of the medial articular compartment were made twice and mean value was calculated. An anatomical dissection was performed and distances between the puncture marks and the infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve was measured. Lilliefors test of normality was applied and variables were expressed as mean and standard deviation (SD). Qualitative variables were expressed by absolute frequencies and percentages. Statistical significance was a two-tailed p-value of < 0.05. Prior to the PC technique, mean (SD) distance between the femur and tibia in the medial compartment were 14.2 (4.0) mm in basal conditions and 17.1 (3.7) mm when applying valgus force (p = 0.003). PC technique increased the mean (SD) distance by 1.9 (1.9) mm under basal conditions (p < 0.01) and 2.9 (1.6) mm when applying valgus force (p < 0.01). The infrapatellar branches of the saphenous nerve were not damaged and the mean (SD) distance between the punctures and the nerve was 9.0 (3.3) mm. The PC is a reproducible, safe, and measurable surgical technique that opens controllably the medial compartment. PC as described avoided damage to the nerve branches.
Surgery for Pediatric Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction—Comparison of Outcomes in Relation to Surgical Technique and Operating Discipline in Germany
Authors: Klora M. , Zeidler J. , Eberhard S. , Bassler S. , Mayer S. , Gosemann J.-H. , Lacher M. , Goetz G. 
Published: August 2018

Introduction Surgery for ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is performed by both pediatric surgeons (PS) and urologists (URO). The aim of this study was to analyze treatment modalities for UPJO and results in relation to the surgical technique and the operating discipline in Germany.
Materials and Methods Data of patients aged 0 to 18 years were extracted from a major public health insurance (covering ∼5.7 million clients) during 2009 to 2016 and were analyzed for sociodemographic variables, surgical technique, and treating discipline. Logistic regression analysis was performed for the risk of a complication within the first postoperative year.
Results A total of 229 children (31.0% female) were included. Laparoscopic pyeloplasty (LP) was performed in 58 (25.3%) patients (8.6 ± 6.4 years), and open pyeloplasty (OP) was applied in 171 (74.7%; 4.6 ± 5.9 years). LP was the dominant technique in females (p < 0.02); males preferentially underwent OP (p < 0.02). Length of hospital stay was 4.3 days (p = 0.0005) shorter in LP compared with that in OP, especially in children ≤ 2 years (6.7 days, p = 0.007). PS operated on 162 children (70.7%), and URO performed surgery on 67 patients (29.3%). The mean age of children operated by PS (3.5 ± 4.7 years) was significantly younger compared with that operated by URO (10.8 ± 6.5 years, p < 0.0001). Complication rates were independent of surgical technique or treating specialty.
Conclusion In Germany, UPJO was treated by LP in 25.3% of patients, which was associated with a shorter length of stay, especially in children ≤ 2 years. Complication rates were independent of the operating specialty and surgical technique. Therefore, LP should be further promoted for the treatment of UPJO in small children.
Quantification of Platelet Contractile Movements during Thrombus Formation
Authors: Tunströmer Kjersti , Faxälv Lars , Boknäs Niklas , Lindahl Tomas 
Published: August 2018

AbstractImaging methods based on time-lapse microscopy are important tools for studying the dynamic events that shape thrombus formation upon vascular injury. However, there is a lack of methods to translate the vast amount of visual data generated in such experiments into quantitative variables describing platelet movements that can be subjected to systematic analysis. In this study, we developed experimental and computational protocols allowing for a detailed mathematical analysis of platelet movements within a developing thrombus. We used a flow chamber-based model of thrombosis wherein a collagen strip was used to initiate platelet adhesion and activation. Combining the use of a platelet staining protocol, designed to enable identification of individual platelets, and image processing, we tracked the movements of a large number of individual platelets during thrombus formation and consolidation. These data were then processed to generate aggregate measures describing the heterogeneous movements of platelets in different areas of the thrombus and at different time points. Applying this model and its potential, to a comparative analysis on a panel of platelet inhibitors, we found that total platelet intra-thrombus movements are only slightly reduced by blocking the interactions between glycoproteins IIb/IIIa and Ib and their ligands or by inhibiting thromboxane synthesis or P2Y12 signalling. In contrast, whereas 30 to 40% of the platelets movements (for the CD42a-labelled platelets) and 20% (for the pro-coagulant platelets), within a thrombus, are contractile, i.e., towards the centre of the thrombus, this contractile component is almost totally abolished in the presence of agents inhibiting these pathways.
Non- or Minimally Displaced Distal Radial Fractures in Adult Patients: Three Weeks versus Five Weeks of Cast Immobilization—A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bentohami A. , Vermeulen J. , Sosef N. L. , de Korte N. , Bijlsma T. S. , Goslings J. C. , Schep N. W. L. , van Delft E. 
Published: August 2018

Background Patients with non- or minimally displaced distal radial fractures, that do not need repositioning, are mostly treated by a short-arm cast for a period of 4 to 6 weeks. A shorter period of immobilization may lead to a better functional outcome.
Purpose We conducted a randomized controlled trial to evaluate whether the duration of cast immobilization for patients with non- or minimally displaced distal radial fractures can be safely shortened toward 3 weeks.
Materials and Methods The primary outcomes were patient-reported outcomes measured by the Patient-Related Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) and Quick Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) score after 1-year follow-up. Secondary outcome measures were: PRWE and QuickDASH earlier in follow-up, pain (Visual Analog Scale), and complications like secondary displacement.
Results Seventy-two patients (male/female, 23/49; median age, 55 years) were included and randomized. Sixty-five patients completed the 1-year follow-up. After 1-year follow up, patients in the 3 weeks immobilization group had significantly better PRWE (5.0 vs. 8.8 points, p = 0.045) and QuickDASH scores (0.0 vs. 12.5, p = 0.026). Secondary displacement occurred once in each group. Pain did not differ between groups (p = 0.46).
Conclusion Shortening the period of immobilization in adult patients with a non- or minimally displaced distal radial fractures seems to lead to equal patient-reported outcomes for both the cast immobilization groups. Also, there are no negative side effects of a shorter period of cast immobilization. Therefore, we recommend a period of 3 weeks of immobilization in patients with distal radial fractures that do not need repositioning.
Preoperative Assessment of Coronary Arteries by Cardiac Computed Tomography in Patients with Lung Cancer
Authors: Zhang Fan , Chen Jing , Yang Zhi-Gang , Liu Han 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Background To retrospectively evaluate characteristics of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients undergoing lung resection for cancer by using dual-source computed tomography (DSCT), thus increasing our understanding of perioperative evaluation.
Methods DSCT coronary angiography was performed for perioperative evaluation in 145 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) due to suspected CAD. The imaging characteristics of CAD including extent, distribution and types of plaques, and luminal stenosis and congenial anomalous including origin of coronary arteries and myocardial bridge (MB) were evaluated and compared by sex, smoking behavior, and pathological types.
Results In total, coronary artery plaques were observed in 130 (89.7%) patients. A total of 205 coronary vessels (1.7 ± 1.3 per patient) and 278 segments (2.4 ± 2.3 per patient) were found to have plaques, respectively. The most frequently involved segment were the left anterior descending (LAD) artery (45.4%) and its proximal segment (24.1%) (p < 0.05). Mild narrowing (61.7%) and calcified plaques (52.9%) were most found (all p < 0.001). Types of plaques, luminal narrowing and extent were not significantly different by sex, smoking behavior, or pathological type. Anomalous origination of the right coronary ostium from left sinus was observed in 0.7% of patients. MB was observed in 16.6% of patients.
Conclusion Dual-source CT is a useful preoperative noninvasive test for CAD in patients planning to undergo lung resection for cancer.
Analytical Considerations in Nanoscale Flow Cytometry of Extracellular Vesicles to Achieve Data Linearity
Authors: Gomes Janice , Lucien Fabrice , Cooper Tyler , Kim Yohan , Williams Karla , Liao XinYang , Kaufman Lauren , Lagugné-Labarthet Francois , Kenyon Oliver , Boysen Justin , Kay Neil , McIntyre Christopher , Leong Hon 
Published: August 2018

Background Platelet microparticles (PMPs) and their abundance in the blood are a prognostic biomarker in thrombotic disorders and cancer. Nanoscale flow cytometry (nFC) is ideal for high-throughput analysis of PMPs but these clinical assays have not been developed previously.
Objective This article demonstrates that nFC is a suitable technology to enumerate PMPs present in plasma samples in a clinical setting.
Materials and Methods nFC was performed using the Apogee A50-Micro instrument. Instrument settings and acquisition parameters were developed with the use of fluorescent beads and plasma samples. Sample preparation and handling was also optimized.
Results nFC allows for linear detection of particles between approximately 200 and 1,000 nm based on calibration beads and was dependent on dilution factor and flow rate. Linearity in event analysis as samples became more diluted was lost when events approximately 100 nm were gated while linearity was maintained despite dilution of sample in events larger than 200 nm in diameter. Higher flow rates lead to an under-estimation of events analysed per microlitre of analyte and this was more pronounced when plasma samples were not diluted more than 1/20×.
Conclusion nFC offers multi-parametric analysis of PMPs when optimal calibration of acquisition and sample processing settings is performed. Analysis of plasmas from metastatic prostate cancer patients and leukaemia patients revealed that PMP levels were larger than 100 nm and were equally abundant in patients that responded to or failed androgen deprivation therapy or between patients representing different stages of leukaemia.
Ocean currents and herbivory drive macroalgae-to-coral community shift under climate warming
Authors: Kumagai Naoki H. , García Molinos Jorge , Yamano Hiroya , Takao Shintaro , Fujii Masahiko , Yamanaka Yasuhiro 
Published: August 2018

Significance
Global degradation of coral reefs and macroalgal beds can have ecosystem-wide implications for biodiversity, ecological functioning, and ocean resources. However, recent studies in warm temperate zones have documented community shifts from macroalgae to corals, signaling a potential mechanism for coral conservation under climate warming. Here, we present evidence that warming, aided by the dominant poleward-flowing current system, is facilitating the expansion of tropical corals and herbivorous fishes into existing temperate Japanese macroalgae communities, which are contracting faster than they are expanding. Furthermore, our results suggest future climate change may exacerbate this process, potentially compromising the long-term stability of these communities. Future conservation of these communities might require of a more proactive management toward climate adaptation.
Decreasing fire season precipitation increased recent western US forest wildfire activity
Authors: Holden Zachary A. , Swanson Alan , Luce Charles H. , Jolly W. Matt , Maneta Marco , Oyler Jared W. , Warren Dyer A. , Parsons Russell , Affleck David 
Published: August 2018

SignificanceWildfires have profound impacts on forested ecosystems and rural communities. Increases in area burned by wildfires in the western United States have been widely attributed to reduced winter snowpack or increased summer temperatures. Trends in precipitation have previously been dismissed as has their feedback to regional temperature trends. We show that declines in summer precipitation and wetting rain days have likely been a primary driver of increases in wildfire area burned. Understanding the climatic drivers of fire activity is important for informing forest management. Our findings are consistent with future climate projections, which predict further decreases in summer precipitation and longer dry periods between rain events across much of the West.
Aberrant early endosome biogenesis mediates complement activation in the retinal pigment epithelium in models of macular degeneration
Authors: Kaur Gulpreet , Tan Li Xuan , Rathnasamy Gurugirijha , La Cunza Nilsa , Germer Colin J. , Toops Kimberly A. , Fernandes Marie , Blenkinsop Timothy A. , Lakkaraju Aparna 
Published: August 2018

Significance
The first lines of communication between cells and the environment are early endosomes, which sort incoming cargo to regulate cell health. Endosomal abnormalities are seen in neurodegenerative diseases, yet the molecular mechanisms remain obscure. Here, using human donor cells and disease models, we demonstrate that excess ceramide promotes expansion of early endosomes in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), a primary site of injury in Stargardt and age-related maculopathies. Complement C3 uptake into enlarged endosomes and subsequent cleavage is associated with abnormal mechanistic target of rapamycin activity. Decreasing ceramide using Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs corrects endosomal defects and prevents C3 activation. Our studies establish how organelles modulate RPE complement activity, and identify ceramide as a drug target for macular degenerations.
Status-quo management of marine recreational fisheries undermines angler welfare
Authors: Abbott Joshua K. , Lloyd-Smith Patrick , Willard Daniel , Adamowicz Wiktor 
Published: August 2018

Significance
Marine recreational fisheries are culturally and economically important around the world. However, they often suffer from management that promotes short seasons, congestion, wasteful allocations of fish, and overfishing. We use survey data from anglers taking trips on for-hire vessels in the US Gulf of Mexico to estimate the magnitude of economic benefits squandered by current management. We find a minimum of $139/y of benefits per angler could be realized under appropriate management reforms. These rights-based approaches would improve angler benefits by increasing flexibility to fish year round—improving access while establishing greater accountability for fish harvest. Extending similar reforms worldwide could generate billions of dollars of benefits to anglers and related sectors.
Recycling of Golgi glycosyltransferases requires direct binding to coatomer
Authors: Liu Lin , Doray Balraj , Kornfeld Stuart 
Published: August 2018

Significance
The mammalian Golgi contains numerous glycosyltransferases that continuously recycle from late cisternae to earlier cisternae in COPI vesicles to maintain their steady-state localization in this organelle. How the glycosyltransferases are incorporated into these vesicular carriers is poorly understood. Here, we show that the N-cytoplasmic tails (N-tails) of a subset of these type II transmembrane proteins bind directly to two of the seven subunits of COPI coatomer. These glycosyltransferases share a common amino acid motif in their N-tails. The importance of these interactions is illustrated by mucolipidosis III patients with missense mutations within the N-tail motif of GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase that impair binding to the COPI subunits, resulting in the mislocalization of this transferase to lysosomes.
Agency, power, modernity: A manifesto for social theory
Authors: Reed Isaac Ariail , Weinman Michael 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
In this article, we propose a new direction for social theory, based on a distinction between action and agency, a reconsideration of sociological theories of power, and a rereading of the transition to modernity. Drawing on Aristotle, Carole Pateman, Hannah Arendt, and Ernst Kantorowicz, we propose a conceptual model of power centred on the sending and binding of another to be one's agent in the world, and the varying representation of this relation and what it excludes. This approach allows a different understanding of modernity than is offered by accounts of power derived from the work of Pierre Bourdieu and Michel Foucault. With reference to the French Revolution and twentieth and twenty-first century presidential politics in the USA, we manifest the utility of the framework for the construction of a research programme in historical and political sociology.