bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrathin visible-light OCT endomicroscopy for in vivo ultrahigh-resolution neuroimaging in deep brain
Authors: Xu Chao , Zhang Tinghua , Abbasi Syeda Aimen , Liu Peng , Yan Bryan P. , Ng Sze Hang Calvin , Yuan Wu 
Published: November 2024

Deep-brain neuroimaging, a task that demands high-resolution imaging techniques for visualizing intricate brain structures, assessing deep-seated disease histopathology, and offering real-time intervention guidance, is challenged by the resolution-depth trade-off of current methods. We propose an optical coherence tomography (OCT) endomicroscopy device for high-resolution in vivo imaging of deep brain microstructures and histopathology. A unique liquid shaping technique enables the direct fabrication of a microlens on the fiber tip of the imaging probe, optimizing imaging performance parameters, such as longitudinal focal shift, focused spot size, and working distance. In addition, a broadband visible-light source enhances axial resolution and OCT imaging contrast. As a result, the first monolithic visible-light OCT (vis-OCT) endomicroscope, with a submillimeter outer diameter (∼0.4 mm), is presented, achieving an ultrahigh resolution of 1.4 μm axial × 4.5 μm transverse in air. This compact probe allows minimally invasive in vivo deep-brain imaging in mice at a depth of 7.2 mm. Key regions in the mouse deep brain, such as the isocortex, corpus callosum, and caudate putamen, were successfully identified using our vis-OCT endomicroscope. In addition, we examined the myeloarchitectures and cytoarchitectures in the isocortex. Our findings demonstrate that the vis-OCT endomicroscope offers enhanced visualization of myelinated axon fibers and nerve fiber bundles compared to its 800 nm counterpart. This vis-OCT endomicroscope, overcoming resolution and imaging depth limitations of conventional methods, offers a novel tool for minimally invasive, ultrahigh-resolution in vivo deep brain neuroimaging.
Word order change in German infinitival complementation
Authors: De Cesare Ilaria , Bosch Sina , Felser Claudia , Demske Ulrike 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The present article discusses whether processing factors might play a role in the reduction of word order
variability in German infinitival complements of control verbs, connecting evidence from a diachronic corpus study to processing
considerations and psycholinguistic findings. We show that intraposition, a linearization pattern that has been claimed to be
costly in comprehension due to both center-embedding and temporary ambiguity, became less frequent in language use over time.
Findings from language production experiments show that present-day German speakers avoid producing intraposition patterns even
following repeated exposure to this pattern. Taken together, our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that processing
factors can influence the distribution of word order variants. Looking at the diachronic dimension, however, reveals that the
effect of processing factors can be modulated by sociolinguistic factors and the impact of language modality.
Navigating the Global Dietary Transition and Its Impact on Planetary and Human Health: The Role of Middle-Income Countries
Authors: He Pan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This case study examines global dietary transitions and their impact on environmental sustainability, nutritional well-being, and socio-economic inequalities, focusing on middle-income countries (MICs) like China, India, Brazil, Turkey, and Mexico. As economic expansion, urbanization, and cultural shifts drive changes in eating habits, MICs encounter both advantages and disadvantages. The study explores how socio-economic transformation influences dietary preferences, resulting in increased consumption of processed foods and animal-based products, linked to rising non-communicable diseases and environmental impacts such as greenhouse gas emissions and resource depletion. It delves into the influence of cultural heritage and social norms on dietary practices, alongside the impact of Western dietary patterns and media. Additionally, the case study underscores the role of governmental strategies in fostering sustainable and nutritious diets through policies that support local agriculture and public health. It also investigates contributions from the private sector and emphasizes the significance of community-driven and grassroots movements in promoting sustainable dietary habits and reinforcing food security. This study aims to provide insights into the interconnection between dietary transitions, their environmental and nutritional impacts, and the socio-economic drivers and disparities within and across MICs, offering guidance for sustainable development and public health improvement.

Information
© The Author 2024
Anomalous Quantum Dynamics in Lossy Nonlocal System
Authors: Qiao Liwei , Zhang Wei , Shi Kaiye 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The non-Hermitian skin effect and edge burst reflect the vital role of spatial boundaries in non-Hermitian systems from both static and dynamic perspectives. In this study, we investigate a non-Hermitian dissipative lattice with nonlocal coupling and demonstrate many interesting static and dynamic phenomena. In the case of global coupling with all sites coupled with each other, we observe anomalous hopping resonance, where a quantum walker initially placed at a single site almost completely escapes from the boundary of the system regardless of its initial position. In the case of non-global coupling, which is infinite-range coupling, the interplay between nonlocal hopping and the non-Hermitian skin effect results in the emergence of local bulk modes exhibiting a multipartite density distribution. The presence of local bulk modes induces the nontrivial dynamics of a quantum walker, which features multiple peaks of lost probability in spatially separated domains. Our findings demonstrate unique properties induced by nonlocal coupling in non-Hermitian systems.
Synthesis and characterization of p-CuO/n-ZnO heterostructured composite thin films for the detection of formaldehyde gas
Authors: Yadav Sarika , Nagaraju P , Begum Sameena , Swathi M , Krishna Kurugundla Gopi , Ojha J K , Turpu G R 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We report the synthesis and characterization of pure CuO and CuO–ZnO nanostructured composite thin films sprayed on particle-free glass substrates using chemical spray pyrolysis method. The films were systematically analyzed through microstructural, morphological, chemical, and gas-sensing studies. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies confirmed the polycrystalline nature of the films, with a predominant monoclinic phase along the (002) direction. Key structural parameters, such as crystallite size, dislocation density, strain, and the number of crystallites per unit area, were reported from XRD analysis. Field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed a bundled-like morphology witha uniform particle distribution, enhancing the surface area for effective gas interaction. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicated that Cu and Zn ions existed predominantly in the 2+ oxidation state, contributing to the films’ reactivity. Significantly, the gas sensing studies were investigated with static liquid distribution method, highlighting the remarkable performance of the 30 wt.% CuO–ZnO composite thin film. This composite exhibited a substantial response to 5 ppm formaldehyde at ambient conditions, showing a recovery time of 22 s and a response time of 15 s. These findings underscore the potential of CuO–ZnO composites for efficient formaldehyde gas sensing applications, marking a notable advancement in the field of environmental monitoring.
Examining mechanics problem-solving strategies among engineering students at a selected public university in Rwanda
Authors: Theogene Niyomufasha , Ntivuguruzwa Celestin , Mugabo Leon Rugema 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper presents the findings of research conducted at a selected university in Rwanda aiming to evaluate the mechanics of problem-solving strategies among engineering students. Problem-solving is an important component of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education as well as in everyday life. To enhance the development of problem-solving skills, researchers and curriculum creators must develop problem-solving strategies for solving mechanics problems and for improving engineering students’ performance in physics classroom tasks. The study investigated engineering students’ strategies for their mechanics problem-solving using a mixed-methods research approach that includes questionnaires, interviews, and tests. A purposive sample of 99 students was chosen, with 20 students and three instructors randomly selected for interviews. Findings revealed that students heavily rely on algebraic equations, neglecting visual representations in mechanics problem-solving. Challenges identified include limited familiarity with alternative representations, difficulties transitioning between them, and a constrained understanding of their interrelationships. Recognizing these practices and strategies informs the design of more effective pedagogical interventions. Incorporating the best problem-solving strategies in physics education is a potential avenue to bolster problem-solving skills and deepen comprehension of mechanics concepts among engineering students.
Superscattering of light: fundamentals and applications
Authors: Wang Chan , Chen Xuhuinan , Gong Zheng , Chen Ruoxi , Hu Hao , Wang Huaping , Yang Yi , Tony Low , Zhang Baile , Chen Hongsheng , Lin Xiao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Superscattering, theoretically predicted in 2010 and experimentally observed in 2019, is an exotic scattering phenomenon of light from subwavelength nanostructures. In principle, superscattering allows for an arbitrarily large total scattering cross section, due to the degenerate resonance of eigenmodes or channels. Consequently, the total scattering cross section of a superscatterer can be significantly enhanced, far exceeding the so-called single-channel limit. Superscattering offers a unique avenue for enhancing light–matter interactions and can enable numerous practical applications, ranging from sensing, light trapping, bioimaging, and communications to optoelectronics. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the recent progress and developments in the superscattering of light, with a specific focus on elucidating its theoretical origins, experimental observations, and manipulations. Moreover, we offer an outlook on future research directions in superscattering, including potential realizations of directional superscattering, scattering-free plasmonic superscattering, enhancement of free-electron radiation and the Purcell effect via superscatterers, inelastic superscattering, and superscattering of non-electromagnetic waves.
The edge states of one-dimensional spin-

1
2

-like noninteracting periodic systems under the most compactly supported Wannier-type functions
Authors: Chen Shou-Long 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A hallmark of topological insulators is topologically protected edge states, which are determined by topological invariants defined under Bloch functions. Of course, not all edge states are stable, and they are independent of topological invariants. And in a recent study, it was found that even stable protected gapless edge states cannot be explained by bulk topological invariants in two-dimensional (2D) systems. Motivated by this idea, we carried out a thorough study in one-dimensional (1D) spin-

1
2

-like noninteracting periodic systems and found that all edge states can be explained by the most compactly supported Wannier-type functions (MCWTFs). All the answers are contained in the flat-band Hamiltonian defined by MCWTFs. Edge states can be obtained by solving special equations using the parameters of MCWTFs. Symmetries are the special solutions of these equations, and we have proved the relationship between zero-energy edge states and symmetry analytically in partial cases, which was only a well-known result in the past. By solving the equations, we also find that not all zero-energy edge states are determined by symmetry, which is beyond the current framework. Through numerical verification, we show that these zero-energy edge states, like those protected by symmetry, are not affected by the energy spectrum of the system, so they are only related to the Bloch functions. We also derive special properties of zero-energy edge states protected by chiral symmetry from the perspective of MCWTFs, which are consistent with the previous literature. Finally, we do a test in the 2D case and find the connection between the Chern number and the Wannier functions. Our results show that compared with topological invariants, the origin of the edge state can be understood more comprehensively from the perspective of Wannier functions.
Exotic hybrid pseudopotentials at finite temperature and chemical potential*
Authors: Zhang 张 Le 乐 , Cai 蔡 Fei-Yang 飞扬 , Chen 陈 Xun 勋 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Using gauge/gravity duality, we studied the exotic hybrid pseudopotentials at finite temperature and chemical potential. The Σ hybrid meson can be described by a model including an object called "defect'' on a string linking the quark and antiquark. The

hybrid potential at zero temperature and chemical potential was first proposed by Andreev and is perfectly described. In this study, we extended the aforementioned model to finite chemical potential and compared the separate distance and pseudopotentials of

and

. Unlike the

ground state, the

hybrid pseudopotentials no longer exhibit Coulomb-like behavior at short distances. In addition, temperature and chemical potential have a significant impact on the

hybrid pseudopotentials. The screen distances and hybrid pseudopotentials of

significantly decrease when increasing temperature and chemical potential. We represented the melting diagram of

and

in the

plane and confirmed that the quark-antiquark pair in

excited state is easier to melt than that in

ground state.
Safety of non-invasive brain stimulation in patients with implants: a computational risk assessment
Authors: Karimi Fariba , Cassarà Antonino M , Capstick Myles , Kuster Niels , Neufeld Esra 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) methodologies, such as transcranial electric stimulation (tES) are increasingly employed for therapeutic, diagnostic, or research purposes. The concurrent presence of active/passive implants can pose safety risks, affect the NIBS delivery, or generate confounding signals. A systematic investigation is required to understand the interaction mechanisms, quantify exposure, assess risks, and establish guidance for NIBS applications. Approach. We used measurements, simplified generic, and detailed anatomical modeling to: (i) systematically analyze exposure conditions with passive and active implants, considering local field enhancement, exposure dosimetry, tissue heating and neuromodulation, capacitive lead current injection, low-impedance pathways between electrode contacts, and insulation damage; (ii) identify risk metrics and efficient prediction strategies; (iii) quantify these metrics in relevant exposure cases and (iv) identify worst case conditions. Various aspects including implant design, positioning, scar tissue formation, anisotropy, and frequency were investigated. Main results. At typical tES frequencies, local enhancement of dosimetric exposure quantities can reach up to one order of magnitude for deep brain stimulation (DBS) and stereoelectroencephalography implants (more for elongated passive implants), potentially resulting in unwanted neuromodulation that can confound results but is still 2–3 orders of magnitude lower than active DBS. Under worst-case conditions, capacitive current injection in the active implants’ lead can produce local exposures of similar magnitude as the passive field enhancement, while capacitive pathways between contacts are negligible. Above 10 kHz, applied current magnitudes increase, necessitating consideration of tissue heating. Furthermore, capacitive effects become more prominent, leading to current injection that can reach DBS-like levels. Adverse effects from abandoned/damaged leads in direct electrode vicinity cannot be excluded. Significance. Safety related concerns of tES application in the presence of implants are systematically identified and explored, resulting in specific and quantitative guidance and establishing basis for safety standards. Furthermore, several methods for reducing risks are suggested while acknowledging the limitations (see section 4.5).
The indirect global warming potential of methane oxidation in the IPCC’s sixth assessment report
Authors: Muñoz Ivan , Schmidt Jannick , Weidema Bo P 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Greenhouse-gas emission (GHG) metric values for methane in the sixth assessment report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) include the indirect effect associated to the oxidation of methane to CO2. An analysis of the figures provided by the IPCC reveals they assume that in average 75% of methane is ultimately oxidized to CO2, while the remaining 25% is converted to intermediate degradation products, most notably formaldehyde, which are removed from the atmosphere via wet and dry deposition and treated by the IPCC as a potential carbon sink in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. In this short article, we present a critique of this assumption, based on existing knowledge about the environmental fate of methane’s degradation products. We conclude that any assumption other than full degradation of methane to CO2 in a rather short time frame is questionable, whereby the default CO2 yield from this oxidation, as far as GHG metrics are concerned, should be 100%. We re-calculate values for the global warming potential (GWP) metric in accordance with our findings, resulting in an increase in GWP100 from 29.8 and 27.0–30.40 and 27.65 kg CO2-equivalents/kg fossil and biogenic methane, respectively. Although we only present the implications in terms of GWP, our proposal is conceptually valid for other GHG metrics as well.
The effect of day-to-day temperature variability on agricultural productivity
Authors: Zou Zhixiao , Li Chaohui , Wu Xudong , Meng Zheng , Cheng Changxiu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
With rising extreme weather events due to climate change, the impact on agricultural production has become increasingly severe. Yet, there has been a significant gap in research that assesses the influence of day-to-day temperature variability on agricultural productivity on a global scale. Our study addresses this gap by exploring the effects of day-to-day temperature variability and the change of rainfall patterns on agricultural productivity worldwide from 1961 to 2018. The results reveal that day-to-day temperature variability not only has a direct, negative impact on agricultural total factor productivity (TFP), but also influences it by modulating the effects of monthly average temperatures and wet days. One unit increase of day-to-day temperature variability leads to a 2% decrease in TFP. Day-to-day temperature variability neutralizes the impact of monthly average temperature on TFP, while exacerbating the impact of wet days on TFP. Furthermore, extreme rainfall events result in a consistent negative marginal effect across all countries/seasons/rainfall intervals. This study also identifies differentiated impacts across countries with varying income levels. Low-income regions’ TFP demonstrates markedly significant sensitivities to both monthly average temperatures and daily temperature fluctuations, which means less resilient. Furthermore, the impacts of general and extreme rainfall are comparatively less pronounced in high-income countries, indicating higher resilience to climate variability in these regions and a relative vulnerability to extreme weather events in low-income regions. Our findings illuminate the intricate and multifaceted role that daily temperature variability plays in agricultural productivity, providing a theoretical basis for understanding the heterogeneous impacts of climate change on agriculture and contributing insights into the broader discourse on climate resilience and agricultural sustainability.
q-Identities for parafermion theories
Authors: Bouwknegt Peter , Chern Shane , Han Bolin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we will prove a series of q-identities suggested by the realisation of certain conformal field theories involving the so-called ‘coupled free fermions.’ We will consider q-series arising from coupled free fermions constructed by the parafermion coset construction as well as from scaled root lattices, and some interesting relations between the two.
Effect of heat treatment process on microstructure and properties of copper modified 1Cr11MoNiW1VNbN
Authors: Liang Yan , Lou Chaohang , Hu Jiahao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Cu element content and heat treatment process on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 1Cr11MoNiW1VNbN martensitic heat-resistant steel. Microstructure was characterized by optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), tensile testing machine and impact testing machine were used to test the mechanical property. The results show that with the increase of Cu content, the precipitation of Cu-rich phase in the steel increases, while the formation of δ-ferrite and coarse carbides decreases, which significantly improves the strength of the material. When the Cu content is 2.14%, the tensile strength at 600 °C reached 542 MPa and the yield strength reached 484 MPa after normalizing at 1000 °C and tempering at 700 °C. With the increase of the normalizing temperature, the strength of the test steel decreases slightly, and the impact energy improved significantly.
Atmospheric pressure plasma jet deposition of TiO2 layer on alumina/epoxy to improve electrical properties
Authors: SONG 宋 Yanze 岩泽 , ZHAO 赵 Jinjian 晋剑 , ZHENG 郑 Bowen 博闻 , XIE 谢 Zihao 子豪 , LIANG 梁 Guishu 贵书 , XIE 谢 Qing 庆 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In gas-insulated lines, basin-insulators can accumulate charge under non-uniform electric fields, distorting the field distribution and potentially causing surface flashover, which threatens the stability of power systems. In this study, Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet (APPJ) technology was used to deposit TiO2 on the surface of alumina/epoxy (Al2O3/EP) composites. The impact of deposition of TiO2 layer on the surface morphology and chemical composition of Al2O3/EP was studied using testing methods such as Scanning Electron Microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer, and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer. It was found that APPJ creates a dense, rough Ti-O layer on the Al2O3/EP surface, which bonds tightly with the substrate. The efficacy of APPJ was found to depend on processing time, with optimal results observed at 3 min, DC and AC flashover voltages increased by 29.6% and 15.7%, respectively. TiO2 layer enhances the conductivity of the resin and shallows trap levels. Through the synergistic effects of various factors, surface charges are efficiently dissipated and evenly distributed. This study not only reveals the physicochemical process of TiO2 deposition via APPJ but also integrates surface characteristics with electrical performance. The findings offer a new strategy to enhance surface flashover voltage and ensure equipment safety.