bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autophagy, cancer stem cells and drug resistance
Authors: Smith Alexandra G , Macleod Kay F 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAutophagy is a cellular survival mechanism that is induced by cancer therapy, among other stresses, and frequently contributes to cancer cell survival during long periods of dormancy and the eventual outgrowth of metastatic disease. Autophagy degrades large cellular structures that, once broken down, contribute to cellular survival through the recycling of their constituent metabolites. However, the extent to which this fuel function of autophagy is key to its role in promoting stemness, dormancy and drug resistance remains to be determined. Other roles for autophagy in determining cell fate more directly through targeted degradation of key transcription factors, such as p53 and FoxO3A, or by enforcing a reversible quiescent growth arrest, are discussed in this review. This review also highlights the need to parse out the roles of different forms of selective autophagy in stemness, CD44 expression and dormancy that, for example, are increasingly being attributed explicitly to mitophagy. The clinical relevance of this work and how an increased understanding of functions of autophagy in stemness, dormancy and drug resistance could be manipulated for increased therapeutic benefit, including eliminating minimal residual disease and preventing metastasis, are discussed. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New tools for pathology: a user's review of a highly multiplexed method for in situ analysis of protein and RNA expression in tissue
Authors: Decalf Jérémie , Albert Matthew L , Ziai James 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTumor cell heterogeneity and tumor cell–stromal interactions are being explored as determinants of disease progression and treatment resistance in solid tumor and hematological malignancies. As such, tools simultaneously capable of highly multiplexed profiling of tissues' protein and RNA content, as well as interrogation of rare or single cells, are required to precisely characterize constituent tumor cell populations, infiltrating lymphocytes and stromal elements. Access to spatial relationships will enable more precise characterization of tumors, support patient stratification and may help to identify novel drug targets. Multiple platforms are being developed to address these critical unmet needs. The NanoString digital spatial profiling (DSP) platform enables highly multiplexed, spatial assessment of protein and/or RNA targets in tissues by detecting oligonucleotide barcodes conjugated via a photocleavable linker to primary antibodies or nucleic acid probes. Although this platform enables high‐dimensional spatial interrogation of tissue protein and RNA expression, a detailed understanding of its composition, function and chemistry is advisable to guide experimental design and data interpretation. The purpose of this review is to provide an independent, comprehensive description of the DSP technology, including an overview of NanoString's capture and antibody barcode conjugation chemistries, experimental workflow, data output and analysis methods. The DSP technology will be discussed in the context of other highly multiplexed immunohistochemistry methods, including imaging mass cytometry and multiplexed ion beam imaging, to inform potential users of the advantages and limitations of each. Additional issues such as preanalytical variability, sampling and specimen adequacy will be considered with respect to the platforms to inform potential experimental design. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of oxygen doping on elemental intermixing at the PVD‐CdS/Cu (InGa)Se2 heterojunction
Authors: He Xiaoqing , Ercius Peter , Varley Joel , Bailey Jeff , Zapalac Geordie , Nagle Tim , Poplavskyy Dmitry , Mackie Neil , Bayman Atiye , Lordi Vincenzo , Rockett Angus 
Published: December 2018

AbstractElemental intermixing at the CdS/CuIn1−xGaxSe2 (CIGS) heterojunction in thin‐film photovoltaic devices plays a crucial role in carrier separation and thus device efficiency. Using scanning transmission electron microcopy in combination with energy dispersive X‐ray mapping, we find that by controlling the oxygen in the sputtering gas during physical vapor deposition (PVD) of the CdS, we can tailor the degree of elemental intermixing. More oxygen suppresses Cu migration from the CIGS into the CdS, while facilitating Zn doping in the CdS from the ZnO transparent contact. Very high oxygen levels induce nanocrystallinity in the CdS, while moderate or no oxygen content can promote complete CdS epitaxy on the CIGS grains. Regions of cubic Cu2S phase were observed in the Cu‐rich CdCuS when no oxygen is included in the CdS deposition process. In the process‐of‐record sample (moderate O2) that exhibits the highest solar conversion efficiency, we observe a ~26‐nm‐thick Cu‐deficient CIGS surface counter‐doped with the highest Cd concentration among all of the samples. Cd movement into the CIGS was found to be less than 10 nm deep for samples with either high or zero O2. The results are consistent with the expectation that Cd doping of the CIGS surface and lack of Zn diffusion into the buffer both enhance device performance.
High‐Strain Shape Memory Behavior of PLA–PEG Multiblock Copolymers and Its Microstructural Origin
Authors: Koosomsuan Wasin , Yamaguchi Masayuki , Phinyocheep Pranee , Sirisinha Kalyanee 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTShape memory properties of two thermoplastic multiblock copolymers composed of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) having different PEG‐segment lengths of 6 and 11 kDa were studied. The performance as a shape memory polymer at high strain level (600%) and its interrelations with shape‐programming conditions, molecular orientation, and microstructural changes are elucidated. A significant contribution of strain‐induced crystallization of PLA segments to the improvement of temporary shape fixation was evidenced upon increasing draw ratio and/or shape‐holding duration as well as programming temperature (within certain range) without largely sacrificing the shape recoverability. Series of microstructural characterizations reveal the occurrence of fibrillar‐to‐lamellar transformation upon shape recovery (at 60 °C) of the samples programmed at 40 °C, generating shish–kebab crystalline morphology. Such phenomenon is responsible for the high‐strain shape memory effect of these materials. The unprecedented formation of shish–kebab structure at such relatively low temperature (instead of the melting temperature range) in solid state observed in these copolymers as well as their high‐strain shape memory functionality would bestow the promising future for their practicability in diverse areas. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 241–256
Coffee diterpenes kahweol acetate and cafestol synergistically inhibit the proliferation and migration of prostate cancer cells
Authors: Iwamoto Hiroaki , Izumi Kouji , Natsagdorj Ariunbold , Naito Renato , Makino Tomoyuki , Kadomoto Suguru , Hiratsuka Kaoru , Shigehara Kazuyoshi , Kadono Yoshifumi , Narimoto Kazutaka , Saito Yohei , Nakagawa‐Goto Kyoko , Mizokami Atsushi 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundCoffee inhibits the progression of prostate cancer; however, the direct mechanism through which coffee acts on prostate cancer cells remains unclear. This study aimed to identify the key compounds of coffee that possess anti‐cancer effects and to investigate their mechanisms of action.MethodsThe anti‐proliferation and anti‐migration effects of six potentially active types of coffee compounds, including kahweol acetate, cafestol, caffeine, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and trigonelline hydrochloride, were evaluated using LNCaP, LNCaP‐SF, PC‐3, and DU145 human prostate cancer cells. The synergistic effects of these compounds were also investigated. Apoptosis‐related and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition‐related proteins, androgen receptor in whole cell and in nucleus, and chemokines were assessed. A xenograft study of SCID mice was performed to examine the in vivo effect of coffee compounds.ResultsAmong the evaluated compounds, only kahweol acetate and cafestol inhibited the proliferation and migration of prostate cancer cells in a dose‐dependent manner. The combination treatment involving kahweol acetate and cafestol synergistically inhibited proliferation and migration (combination index <1) with the induction of apoptosis, the inhibition of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, and decrease in androgen receptor, resulting in the reduction of nuclear androgen receptor in androgen receptor‐positive cells. Moreover, kahweol acetate and cafestol downregulated CCR2 and CCR5 without an increase in their ligands, CCL2 and CCL5. The xenograft study showed that oral administration of kahweol acetate and cafestol significantly inhibited tumor growth.ConclusionKahweol acetate and cafestol synergistically inhibit the progression of prostate cancer. These coffee compounds may be novel therapeutic candidates for prostate cancer.
Robust control of systems with sector nonlinearities via convex optimization: A data‐driven approach
Authors: Nicoletti Achille , Karimi Alireza 
Published: December 2018

SummaryIn this paper, a new data‐driven method for designing robust controllers is proposed for systems with sector‐bounded nonlinearities and multimodel uncertainties. The results from the circle criterion are used to generate necessary and sufficient convex constraints that guarantee the stability of the closed‐loop system. The main feature of the proposed approach is that only the frequency response data of the linear part of the system is used for guaranteeing the stability of the closed‐loop nonlinear system. Additionally, a convex optimization problem is formulated to ensure
performance with respect to the fundamental component of a sector‐bounded nonlinearity. The case study illustrates how the proposed method can be used to control uncertain systems that are subject to sector‐bounded nonlinearities.
Hydrogen Peroxide Responsive Iron–Based Nanoplatform for Multimodal Imaging–Guided Cancer Therapy
Authors: Wang Peng , Shi Yunhao , Zhang Shichao , Huang Xiaoyu , Zhang Jiaojiao , Zhang Yewei , Si Weili , Dong Xiaochen 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCancer multimodal phototherapy triggered by hydrogen peroxide has attracted widespread attention as a dominating strategy to increase phototherapeutic efficiency. Herein, a hydrogen peroxide responsive iron oxide nanoplatform, with the diameter of about 50 nm, is fabricated to intracellularly trigger the Fenton reaction and achieve synergistic photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy. The nanoplatform based on iron oxide nanoparticles is decorated with indocyanine green (ICG, photosensitizer) and hyaluronic acid (HA, targeting molecular) through electrostatic interaction, thus the as‐prepared nanoplatform (IONPs‐ICG‐HA) exhibits excellent active targeting ability and biocompatibility. More importantly, it can effectively utilize the intratumoral overproduced hydrogen peroxide to generate reactive oxygen species for cancer cell killing via intracellular Fenton reactions. In vitro and in vivo experiments reveal that the IONPs‐ICG‐HA nanocomposites realize effective photoacoustic/photothermal/fluorescence imaging–guided phototherapy, leading to promising hydrogen peroxide responsive cancer theranostics.
Plasmonic Gold Nanovesicles for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Huang Yan , Huang Peng , Lin Jing 
Published: December 2018

AbstractGold nanoparticles (GNPs), with tunable optical properties, bioinertness, and surface multivalent effect, have been widely explored for biomedical applications. As one classical type of GNPs‐based assemblies, plasmonic gold nanovesicles (GVs), with a hollow cavity, “solid skeleton” composed of GNPs cores and a “soft body” composed of functional polymers, have attracted considerable attention due to their tunable localized surface plasmon resonance, strong surface‐enhanced Raman scattering properties, and high photothermal conversion efficiency. This review summarizes recent advances in biomedical applications for plasmonic GVs. Firstly, the synthesis methods of GVs are mainly including self‐assembly and in situ gold growth methods. Secondly, the classification of GVs is described according to the morphology of GNPs cores. Thirdly, different biomedical applications of GVs are elaborated, including in vitro diagnosis, in vivo imaging, and in vivo therapy. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of GVs are discussed.
A Journey towards Salivary Fluoride Level Detection by Suitable Low Cost Chemosensor: From Molecule to Product
Authors: Ghosh Pritam , Banerjee Priyabrata 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFluoride is a ubiquitous anion and essential for us owing to its ability to protect human body from several health related issues. The safe limit of Fluoride ion for human body is 1.5 ppm, above it the ion becomes toxic and can cause dental‐skeletal fluorosis or urolithiasis. Several countries are facing such health hazard owing to the naturally abundant excess fluoride in ground water. As a consequence, habitants of such fluoride enriched zone needs to monitor the concentration of fluoride in their body by periodic analysis. In this regard, development of a chemosensor which can detect fluoride from human body fluid at easy‐instant‐economic way is an obvious mandate. For the first time, our group has developed a sensor kit and sensor station device as a deliverable product for individual and batch scale detection of salivary fluoride level by colorimetric method. The sensor station is the first device made by interfacing chemical output with electronics and the encrypted signal in digital version could be used as a level of fluoride in saliva. Our journey towards the development of suitable chemosensor for recognition of fluoride from human body fluid is summarized in this account.
Absence Causation for Causal Dispositionalists
Authors: CLARKE RANDOLPH 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSeveral theories of causation rule out causation of or by lacks, omissions, or absences of things. They thereby conflict with much of what we think and say about what causes what. This article proposes a modification of one kind of theory, causal dispositionalism, so that it accepts absence causation while retaining a fundamental commitment of dispositionalism.
Same words, different worlds: Exploring differences in researcher and participant understandings of promise and obligation in the psychological contract
Authors: Ma Guoxin , Blenkinsopp John , Armstrong Steve 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis paper addresses longstanding questions about how promise and obligation, two of the key conceptual building blocks for psychological contract research, are conceptualized and operationalized: How do employees understand these concepts? Would their understandings be congruent with the researchers’ and how would this knowledge inform future psychological contract research? Drawing on interviews with 61 Chinese workers from diverse backgrounds, our results suggest the concepts have distinct meanings for participants in terms of three criteria (defining characteristics, key features and manifestations in employment). We argue that promise and obligation are likely to serve different functions in employment relationship and have different meanings for researchers versus participants, and accordingly we highlight the challenges of using them to conceptualize and operationalize psychological contracts in China and beyond.
Fat-soluble vitamins from diet in relation to risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Japanese population
Authors: Eshak Ehab S. , Iso Hiroyasu , Muraki Isao , Tamakoshi Akiko 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe role of fat-soluble vitamins in the pathology of type 2 diabetes needs further research. Possible protective effects could be expected for vitamins A and E via their antioxidant properties, vitamin K via its modulating effects on cytokines and insulin resistance and vitamin D via the enhancement of insulin sensitivity. However, the evidence on association between fat-soluble vitamins from diet and risk of diabetes is limited. Therefore, among 19 168 healthy Japanese of both sexes aged 40–79 years, we used the logistic regression analyses to examine the prospective association between FFQ-estimated dietary fat-soluble vitamins (A, K, E and D) and the risk of type 2 diabetes incident over a 5-year period. During this 5-year period, 494 new cases of diabetes were self-reported. Vitamins K and E from diet were associated with lowered risk of incident diabetes, whereas no associations with dietary intake of vitamin A or D were observed. The multivariable OR in the highest v. lowest quartiles of intakes were 0·71 (95 % CI 0·54, 0·93, Ptrend=0·01) for vitamin K and 0·72 (95 % CI 0·55, 0·95, Ptrend=0·02) for vitamin E. Mutual adjustment for dietary intake of these vitamins did not change the association. There were no interactions with sex, age, smoking status, BMI or having a family history of diabetes, P were >0·10. In conclusion, higher dietary intake of fat-soluble vitamins K and E, but not vitamin A or D, were associated with lowered risk of type 2 diabetes among Japanese population.
Modelling appropriate use of trypanocides to restrict wide-spread multi-drug resistance during chemotherapy of animal African trypanosomiasis
Authors: Wangwe Ibrahim I. , Wamwenje Sarah A. , Mirieri Caroline , Masila Nicodemus M. , Wambua Lillian , Kulohoma Benard W. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTrypanocide resistance remains a huge challenge in the management of animal African trypanosomiasis. Paucity of data on the prevalence of multi-drug resistant trypanosomes has greatly hindered optimal veterinary management practices. We use mathematical model predictions to highlight appropriate drug regimens that impede trypanocide resistance development in cattle. We demonstrate that using drugs in decreasing resistance order results in a negligible increase in number of cattle with resistant infection, in contrast to a more pronounced increase from trypanocide use in increasing resistance order. We demonstrate that the lowest levels of trypanocide resistance are achieved with combination therapy. We also show that increasing the number of cattle treated leads to a progressive reduction in the number of cattle with drug resistant infections for treatments of up to 80% of the cattle population for the combination treatment strategy. Our findings provide an initial evidence-based framework on some essential practices that promote optimal use of the handful of trypanocides. We anticipate that our modest forecasts will improve therapeutic outcomes by appropriately informing on the best choice, and combination of drugs that minimize treatment failure rates.
Cellular immunity in the insectGalleria mellonellaagainst insect non-parasitic nematodes
Authors: Ono Masaya , Yoshiga Toyoshi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractImmunity to microbial infections is well understood; however, information regarding the immunity to parasitic multicellular organisms remains lacking. To understand innate host cellular immunity to nematodes, we compared the cellular response of the greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella) larvae against the non-parasitic, bacterial-feeding nematodeCaenorhabditis elegansand pathogenic nematodeHeterorhabditis bacteriophora. When intact first-instar or dauer larvae ofC. eleganswere injected into aG. mellonellalarva, most of the nematodes were alive and not confined by the surrounding reaction by insect haemocytes (encapsulation), similarly as the pathogenic nematode, whereas most of the heat-killed nematodes of both species were severely encapsulated by 24 h after inoculation. Other non-parasitic nematodes were also not encapsulated. Surprisingly,C. elegansinjected into the insect haemocoel grew and propagated in the live insect, resulting in death of the host insect. Our results suggest thatC. eleganshas some basic mechanisms to evade immunity ofG. mellonenllaand grow in the haemocoel.
Are family warmth and positive remarks related to outcomes in psychosis? A systematic review
Authors: Butler Rebecca , Berry Katherine , Varese Filippo , Bucci Sandra 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundAffective attitudes and behaviours manifested within the family environment have been characterised as expressed emotion (EE). High EE environments have been robustly shown to put psychosis patients at a greater risk of relapse compared with low EE exposure. Positive EE dimensions (warmth; positive remarks) have received far less attention than negative EE dimensions such that EE has become synonymous with a negative family atmosphere; the predictive value of positive EE dimensions is largely ignored. A systematic review examining the relationship between positive family EE and outcomes in psychosis is needed.MethodsA systematic search was conducted. Studies reporting bias and study quality were assessed.ResultsA total of 2368 studies were identified. Of these, 27 met eligibility criteria reporting outcomes including relapse, symptomatology, social functioning and life satisfaction. Relapse was the most commonly measured outcome. Stronger evidence emerged for the association between EE warmth and outcomes compared with EE positive remarks, with effects mostly evident in the early phase of psychosis. Evidence for protective effects of warmth on relapse was found up to 9 months follow-up. No effects were evident between positive remarks and relapse. Studies assessing symptom outcomes showed inconsistent findings. Evidence for an association with social functioning was evident, primarily in at risk mental states. Warmth and positive remarks predicted life satisfaction.ConclusionsThe positive aspects of EE require further investigation with longitudinal research designs. Clinical interventions should focus not only on reducing negative aspects of EE but also foster warmth within families in the context of psychosis.
The Rise of Safe Havens for Threatened Cultural Heritage
Authors: Paumgartner Nikolaus Thaddäus , Zingg Raphael 
Published: December 2018

Abstract:In light of the recent rise of destruction and looting of cultural property, a need for formalized heritage protection has arisen. Increasingly popular in the debate has become the instrument of international assistance known as “safe havens.” These temporary refuges for at-risk cultural goods in a third country have recently been implemented by Switzerland, France, the United States, and the Association of Art Museum Directors. We assess the contributions and shortcomings of these four regimes using a comparative approach. Mainly, we find that, despite variations in their scope and structure, none of the models accounts entirely for today’s major difficulties in protecting endangered cultural properties. We draw recommendations for future safe haven states against the backdrop of the existing models and hope to see the instrument used in practice as a way to safely isolate cultural property from destructive conflicts.
CAPTIVE REPRESENTATIONS AND SOCIAL DISCOURSE AT IZAPA AND IN LATE FORMATIVE SOUTHEASTERN MESOAMERICA
Authors: Guernsey Julia 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis paper takes Izapa Stela 21, with its vivid portrayal of captive sacrifice, as the point of departure for an analysis of the ways in which acts of aggression were portrayed in Late Formative monuments from a region that includes the Pacific slope and adjacent highlands of Mexico and Guatemala. It considers the social significance of themes of captive sacrifice and violence, and their role within a larger iconographic system designed to accommodate the mutually reinforcing ideas of ideology and coercive power. While clearly laden with implications of political control, subjugation, deference, and fealty, the imagery also alludes to agricultural fertility, the arrival of rain, and broader notions of social order.