bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new xandarellid euarthropod from the Cambrian Chengjiang biota, Yunnan Province, China
Authors: Hou Xianguang , Williams Mark , Sansom Robert , Siveter Derek J. , Siveter David J. , Gabbott Sarah , Harvey Thomas H. P. , Cong Peiyun , Liu Yu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe euarthropodLuohuilinella deletressp. nov. is described from rare material from the Chengjiang biota, Cambrian Series 2, Stage 3, of Yunnan Province, China. Phylogenetic analysis recovers a xandarellid affinity forL. deletres, representing only the fifth described species of this clade.L. deletrespossesses a head shield that is about one-fifth of the total body length and a trunk with 30 tergites, the reduced anterior-most tergite and terminal three tergites lacking pleural elongations. Anteriorly situated notches in the head shield are associated with stalked eyes, in contrast to the more posterior, enclosed eye slits present inXandarella. Posterior to the antennae there are at least 11 pairs of biramous appendages preserved, including three pairs in the head. The morphology of the midline gut ofL. deletres, in which lateral, unbranched diverticula are wider towards the front of the body, is a characteristic also found in various trilobites. The dorsoventrally flattened exoskeleton suggests a benthic or nektobenthic mode of life forL. deletres, as for other trilobitomorphs, and it likely used its well-developed anteriorly positioned eyes for searching out food, either to scavenge or to find prey.
Using questionnaire surveys and occupancy modelling to identify conservation priorities for the Critically Endangered Balkan lynxLynx lynx balcanicus
Authors: Melovski Dime , von Arx Manuela , Avukatov Vasko , Breitenmoser-Würsten Christine , Đurović Marina , Elezi Rafet , Gimenez Olivier , Hoxha Bledi , Hristovski Slavcho , Ivanov Gjorgje , Karamanlidis Alexandros A. , Lanz Tabea , Mersini Kujtim , Perović Aleksandar , Ramadani Azem , Sanaja Bardh , Sanaja Parsim , Schwaderer Gabriel , Spangenberg Annette , Stojanov Aleksandar , Trajçe Aleksandër , Breitenmoser Urs 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWith an estimated < 50 adult individuals remaining, the Critically Endangered Balkan lynxLynx lynx balcanicusis one of the rarest, most threatened and least-studied large carnivores. To identify priority conservation areas and actions for the subspecies, during 2006–2014 we conducted 1,374 questionnaire surveys throughout the potential range of the Balkan lynx to (1) evaluate human–lynx interactions and identify potential threats, and (2) determine the probability of site use in 207 grid cells through occupancy modelling. Human–lynx interactions were related mainly to poaching of lynx, and damage to livestock by lynx. Poaching was intense throughout the potential range of the subspecies, apparently having affected 50–100% of the total estimated extant population. Damage to livestock was recorded only in relation to sheep, mainly in the southern part of the lynx's potential range. Occupancy modelling indicated 108 grid cells with high probability of site use, which was affected mainly by increased terrain ruggedness and reduced forest cover. Based on the combined results of our study we identified five priority areas for conservation, as well as in situ habitat protection, community participation in the conservation of the subspecies, and the improvement and implementation of the existing legal framework as the priority conservation actions for the Balkan lynx.
Taking Politics Seriously
Authors: Blattberg Charles 
Published: December 2018

AbstractJohn Rawls’ gamification of justice leads him – along with many other monist political philosophers, not least Ronald Dworkin – to fail to take politics seriously enough. I begin with why we consider games frivolous and then show how Rawls’ theory of justice is not merely analogous to a game, as he himself seems to claim, but is in fact a kind of game. As such, it is harmful to political practice in two ways: one as regards the citizens who participate directly in it, and the other as regards those who do no more than follow it.
Self-reported risk factors for having Escherichia coli sequence type 131 or its H30 subclone among US Veterans with a clinical E. coli isolate
Authors: Manges Amee R. , Thuras Paul , Porter Stephen , Johnson James R. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAmong 469 US military veterans with an Escherichia coli clinical isolate (2012–2013), we explored healthcare and non-healthcare risk factors for having E. coli sequence type 131 and its H30 subclone (ST131-H30). Overall, 66 (14%) isolates were ST131; 51 (77%) of these were ST131-H30. After adjustment for healthcare-associated factors, ST131 remained positively associated with medical lines and nursing home residence. After adjustment for environmental factors, ST131 remained associated with wild animal contact (positive), meat consumption (negative) and pet cat exposure (negative). Thus, ST131 was associated predominantly with healthcare-associated exposures, while non-ST131 E. coli were associated with some environmental exposures.
Micronutrient-rich food consumption, intra-household food allocation and child stunting in rural Nigeria
Authors: Fadare Olusegun , Mavrotas George , Akerele Dare , Oyeyemi Motunrayo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveChildren from rural households are often deprived of adequate micronutrient intakes either from food or supplementation. The present study examines: (i) the determinants of households’ micronutrient-rich food consumption; and (ii) the combined effect of vitamin A supplementation and micronutrient-rich food consumption on child stunting in households with different food allocation patterns.DesignCross-sectional study. Households’ micronutrient-rich food consumption frequency and vitamin A supplementation were used as a proxy measure for child micronutrient intakes. Intra-household food allocation patterns were assessed from caregivers’ perception of the disparity in food distribution within the household. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were employed in analysing the study’s objectives.SettingRural communities in Kwara State, Nigeria.ParticipantsIncluded 419 children aged 6–59 months and 413 households.ResultsOwning small livestock and a refrigerator, knowledge of micronutrient-rich foods and higher parental education had strong associations with households’ micronutrient-rich food consumption. Children from households that consumed micronutrient-rich foods and received more diverse diets were less likely to experience stunting. The combined effect of micronutrient-rich food consumption and vitamin A supplementation was stronger on the likelihood of stunting reduction than the separate effect of each.ConclusionsAssets ownership, human capital and knowledge of micronutrient-rich foods improve consumption of micronutrient-rich foods among the study population. Micronutrient supplementation to children with poor access to micronutrient-rich foods may not substantially enhance child growth unless reinforced through consumption of micronutrient-rich foods. Fruit and vegetable gardening, livestock holdings and nutrition education to parents should be integral parts of community nutrition programming.
A compact planar diplexer based on via-free CRLH TL for WiMAX and WLAN applications
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Upadhyay Dileep Kumar 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this paper, design and development of a via-free composite right/left handed transmission line (CRLH TL)-based diplexer for WiMAX and WLAN bands is reported. The diplexer is having two channels, where each channel consists of a separate bandpass filter (BPF). The BPF of both channels are designed on via-free CRLH TLs based on a newly proposed right-angled corner-modified split ring resonator (RAC-MSRR) structure. The RAC-MSRR incorporates meander paths because of which working scope of frequencies is focused for measured center frequencies (f1) 3.5 GHz with −3 dB fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 21.21% (BPF1 channel) and (f2) 5.6 GHz with −3 dB FBW of 13.29% (BPF2 channel). For diplexer design, T-section is used for joining two BPFs which results in very good isolation of more than 32.5 dB over the frequency band of 2.5–8.0 GHz. The designed diplexer has passband insertion loss of −0.87 dB at f1 and −1.25 dB at f2. Overall size of the fabricated diplexer including 50 Ω feed line is 18 × 15 mm2. Equivalent lumped circuit model parameters of the diplexer are obtained from the pseudo-inverse matrix technique. Measured results show good concurrence with simulated results and subsequently approve the proposed model design.
Melt Impregnation of Mantle Peridotite Facilitates High‐Temperature Hydration and Mechanical Weakening: Implications for Oceanic Detachment Faults
Authors: Albers Elmar , Schroeder Timothy , Bach Wolfgang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe footwalls of oceanic detachment faults commonly expose shear zone rocks that appear to have compositions intermediate between those of mantle peridotite and magmatic rocks. These compositions either reflect metasomatic mass transfers or they relate to the impregnation of lithospheric mantle with basaltic or more evolved melts. We studied chlorite‐amphibole‐rich shear zone rocks from a detachment fault zone in the 15°20′N Fracture Zone area, Mid‐Atlantic Ridge, to examine their origin and role in strain localization. Geochemical compositions of these rocks imply that they formed by mixing between peridotite and gabbro. Textural observations indicate a strong contrast between the deformation intensity of these hybrid peridotite‐gabbro rocks and the host serpentinized peridotite. Geothermometry data give formation temperatures of >500 °C for synkinematic amphibole, zircon, rutile, and titanite. Chlorite appears intergrown with these phases and likely grew at similar temperatures. These results are compliant to thermodynamic computations that predict comparable mechanically weak mineralogies when hydrating hybrid rocks at 500 to 600 °C, whereas secondary assemblages after pure peridotite or gabbro are considerably stronger. Consequently, metamorphic weakening takes place to a much greater extent in rocks with a hybrid ultramafic–mafic composition than in purely ultramafic or gabbroic lithologies. Deformation may enhance fluid flow, which will in turn increase the extent of hydration and mechanical weakening. A positive feedback loop between hydration and strain localization may hence develop and facilitate the concentration of extensional tectonics into long‐lived, high‐displacement faults. We suggest that hybrid lithologies may play a key role in detachment faulting at slow spreading ridges worldwide.
An Improved Method to Determine Coda‐Q, Earthquake Magnitude, and Site Amplification: Theory and Application to Southern California
Authors: Wang W. , Shearer P. M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSeismic coda waves can be used to constrain attenuation, estimate earthquake magnitudes, and determine site amplification factors. We have developed a new multistation and multievent method to determine these three important seismic parameters simultaneously. We analyze 642 representative local (≤100 km) and shallow (≤20 km) earthquakes with catalog magnitudes between 1.8 and 5.4 in southern California at multiple frequency bands centered at 1.5, 3, 6, and 12 Hz. We find that the length of the moving average time window can affect the measurement of coda attenuation QC, but our tests indicate that the optimal window length is about 15 times the dominant data period. We use linear regression to fit each coda section and use only those portions that agree with the model decay rate with a correlation coefficient larger than 0.9. For a frequency‐dependent coda‐QC model (QC = Q0fn) at 1‐Hz reference frequency, our results yield estimates for Q0 and n of 107–288 and 0.42–1.14, respectively. Our coda magnitude estimates are linearly correlated with catalog magnitudes, and our observed lateral variations in coda‐QC and our site amplification factors are in general agreement with previous results, although there are notable differences at some locations. This approach provides a unified, accurate, and stable method to measure coda‐QC, earthquake magnitude, and site amplification using coda waves of locally recorded earthquakes.
A New Parameterization of Volcanic Ash Complex Refractive Index Based on NBO/T and SiO2 Content
Authors: Prata G. S. , Ventress L. J. , Carboni E. , Mather T. A. , Grainger R. G. , Pyle D. M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRadiative transfer models used in remote sensing and hazard assessment of volcanic ash require knowledge of ash optical parameters. Here we characterize the bulk and glass compositions of a representative suite of volcanic ash samples with known complex refractive indices (n + ik, where n is the real part and k is the imaginary part). Using a linear regression model, we develop a new parameterization allowing the complex refractive index of volcanic ash to be estimated from ash SiO2 content or ratio of nonbridging oxygens to tetrahedrally coordinated cations (NBO/T). At visible wavelengths, n correlates better with bulk than with glass composition (both SiO2 and NBO/T), and k correlates better with SiO2 content than with NBO/T. Over a broader spectral range (0.4–19 μm), bulk correlates better than glass composition, and NBO/T generally correlates better than SiO2 content for both parts of the refractive index. In order to understand the impacts of our new parameterization on satellite retrievals, we compared Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer satellite (wavelengths 3.62–15.5 μm) mass loading retrievals using our new approach with retrievals that assumed a generic (Eyjafjallajökull) ash refractive index. There are significant differences in mass loading using our calculated indices specific to ash type rather than a generic index. Where mass loadings increase, there is often improvement in retrieval quality (corresponding to cost function decrease). This new parameterization of refractive index variation with ash composition will help to improve remote‐sensing retrievals for the rapid identification of ash and quantitative analysis of mass loadings from satellite data on operational timescales.
Impact Ejecta and Gardening in the Lunar Polar Regions
Authors: Szalay J. R. , Pokorný P. , Sternovsky Z. , Kupihar Z. , Poppe A. R. , Horányi M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe Moon is continually bombarded by interplanetary meteoroids. While many of the meteoroid sources are near the ecliptic plane, a significant population of high‐inclination meteoroids exists at 1 au that bombards the lunar polar regions. Building on previous measurements of the response of the lunar impact ejecta cloud to known meteoroid sources, we develop an ejecta model for the entire lunar surface by incorporating the high‐inclination sources. We find that the polar regions of the Moon experience similar quantities of impact ejecta production as the equator. Due to the enhanced impactor fluxes near the equator and at high latitudes on the dawn side, lunar regolith is preferentially distributed to the mid to high‐latitude regions over long timescales, providing a pathway to mix regolith from different regions. We find impact ejecta yields at the Moon to be significantly lower than the Galilean moons, suggesting meteoroids deliver more energy to the local regolith and can be an important driver in the evolution of volatiles near the lunar surface. Additionally, we find that a polar orbiting spacecraft equipped with a dust analyzer can measure appreciable quantities of lunar ejecta near the poles to constrain the water content in the polar regions.
Microbial Communities From the World's Largest Lithium Reserve, Salar de Atacama, Chile: Life at High LiCl Concentrations
Authors: Cubillos Carolina F. , Aguilar Pablo , Grágeda Mario , Dorador Cristina 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSalar de Atacama is one of the largest global reservoirs of natural lithium brines (mean lithium concentration = 1,500 ppm), enabling Chile to be a leading producer of lithium products. This large salar (3,000 km2), located in the Atacama Desert at 2,300 m above sea level, is dominated by microorganisms; however, little is known about the microbes present in the brines associated with this economically important mining process. Here we study lithium as a modulator of microbial richness and diversity in brines representing natural conditions (34.7% salinity) and conditions prior to lithium production with a concentrated brine (55.6% salinity). Brines only supported a single archaeal family (Halobacteriaceae): natural brines included the archaeal genera Halovenus, Natronomonas, Haloarcula, and Halobacterium. Concentrated brines included the archaeal genera Halovenus, Halobacterium, and Halococcus. The most abundant bacterial families in natural brine were Rhodothermaceae and Staphylococcaceae; Xanthomonadaceae dominated the bacterial community in the concentrated brine. A comparison of entire microbial community (Archaea and Bacteria) revealed that only seven operational taxonomic units were shared between samples, all of which were Archaea. Further, our results showed that Bacteria were phylogenetically more diverse and rich in the concentrated brine, while archaeal diversity was maximized in the natural brine. The concentrated lithium brines of the Salar de Atacama represent one of the most saline environments described to date (dominated by LiCl). We suggest that elevated concentrations of lithium could greatly modulate microbial diversity and give insights into the adaptive biology of microorganisms required to cope with extremely high concentrations of salts that extend beyond that of NaCl, a far more commonly studied salt.
Ionospheric Weather During Five Extreme Geomagnetic Superstorms Since IGY Deduced With the Instantaneous Global Maps GIM‐foF2
Authors: Stanislawska Iwona , Gulyaeva Tamara L. , Grynyshyna‐Poliuga Oksana , Pustovalova Ljubov V. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAn assessment of the ionosphere perturbations can be made through the construction of the global instantaneous maps of the foF2 critical frequency (GIM‐foF2) and the ionospheric weather index maps GIM‐Wf. These maps can offer a potentially useful tool to provide users with a proper selection of the best radio wave propagation conditions over a certain area and also be used to help mitigate the effects of the disturbances on HF (High Frequency) communication and Global Navigation Satellite System positioning. This paper presents results of reconstruction of the ionospheric weather during five of the most intense superstorms observed since International Geophysical Year, IGY (1957, 1958, 1959, 1989, and 2003) with the instantaneous global maps of the F2 layer critical frequency, GIM‐foF2, and the ionospheric weather index maps, GIM‐Wf. The intensity of the ionospheric superstorm is characterized by the planetary Wfp index derived from GIM‐Wf maps. Superposed epoch analysis of the extreme superstorms is made during 24 hr before the Wfp peak (time zero t0 = 0 hr) and 48 hr afterwards. Model relationship is established between mean Wfp profile and geomagnetic superstorm profiles demonstrating saturation of the ionospheric storm activity toward the peak of geomagnetic storm. Time lag of Wfpmax is found equal to 9 hr after AEmax, 6 hr after apmax and aamax, and 2 hr after Dstmin, which allows model forecast of ionospheric superstorm when geomagnetic superstorm is captured with one or more of geomagnetic indices.
Persistence of root-colonizing Pseudomonas protegens in herbivorous insects throughout different developmental stages and dispersal to new host plants
Authors: Flury Pascale , Vesga Pilar , Dominguez-Ferreras Ana , Tinguely Camille , Ullrich Cornelia I , Kleespies Regina G , Keel Christoph , Maurhofer Monika 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The discovery of insecticidal activity in root-colonizing pseudomonads, best-known for their plant-beneficial effects, raised fundamental questions about the ecological relevance of insects as alternative hosts for these bacteria. Since soil bacteria are limited in their inherent abilities of dispersal, insects as vectors might be welcome vehicles to overcome large distances. Here, we report on the transmission of the root-colonizing, plant-beneficial and insecticidal bacterium Pseudomonas protegens CHA0 from root to root by the cabbage root fly, Delia radicum. Following ingestion by root-feeding D. radicum larvae, CHA0 persisted inside the insect until the pupal and adult stages. The emerging flies were then able to transmit CHA0 to a new plant host initiating bacterial colonization of the roots. CHA0 did not reduce root damages caused by D. radicum and had only small effects on Delia development suggesting a rather commensal than pathogenic relationship. Interestingly, when the bacterium was fed to two highly susceptible lepidopteran species, most of the insects died, but CHA0 could persist throughout different life stages in surviving individuals. In summary, this study investigated for the first time the interaction of P. protegens CHA0 and related strains with an insect present in their rhizosphere habitat. Our results suggest that plant-colonizing pseudomonads have different strategies for interaction with insects. They either cause lethal infections and use insects as food source or they live inside insect hosts without causing obvious damages and might use insects as vectors for dispersal, which implies a greater ecological versatility of these bacteria than previously thought.
Histone lysine dimethyl-demethylase KDM3A controls pathological cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis
Authors: Zhang Qing-Jun , Tran Tram Anh T. , Wang Ming , Ranek Mark J. , Kokkonen-Simon Kristen M. , Gao Jason , Luo Xiang , Tan Wei , Kyrychenko Viktoriia , Liao Lan , Xu Jianming , Hill Joseph A. , Olson Eric N. , Kass David A. , Martinez Elisabeth D. , Liu Zhi-Ping 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLeft ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Pathological LVH engages transcriptional programs including reactivation of canonical fetal genes and those inducing fibrosis. Histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) are emerging regulators of transcriptional reprogramming in cancer, though their potential role in abnormal heart growth and fibrosis remains little understood. Here, we investigate gain and loss of function of an H3K9me2 specific demethylase, Kdm3a, and show it promotes LVH and fibrosis in response to pressure-overload. Cardiomyocyte KDM3A activates Timp1 transcription with pro-fibrotic activity. By contrast, a pan-KDM inhibitor, JIB-04, suppresses pressure overload-induced LVH and fibrosis. JIB-04 inhibits KDM3A and suppresses the transcription of fibrotic genes that overlap with genes downregulated in Kdm3a-KO mice versus WT controls. Our study provides genetic and biochemical evidence for a pro-hypertrophic function of KDM3A and proof-of principle for pharmacological targeting of KDMs as an effective strategy to counter LVH and pathological fibrosis.
Reaction kinetics of ultracold molecule-molecule collisions
Authors: Hoffmann Daniel K. , Paintner Thomas , Limmer Wolfgang , Petrov Dmitry S. , Denschlag Johannes Hecker 
Published: December 2018

AbstractStudying chemical reactions on a state-to-state level tests and improves our fundamental understanding of chemical processes. For such investigations it is convenient to make use of ultracold atomic and molecular reactants as they can be prepared in well defined internal and external quantum states. Here, we investigate a single-channel reaction of two Li2-Feshbach molecules where one of the molecules dissociates into two atoms 2AB ⇒ AB + A + B. The process is a prototype for a class of four-body collisions where two reactants produce three product particles. We measure the collisional dissociation rate constant of this process as a function of collision energy/temperature and scattering length. We confirm an Arrhenius-law dependence on the collision energy, an a4 power-law dependence on the scattering length a and determine a universal four body reaction constant.