bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of hydrodynamic characteristics between circumferential and transversal microgrooved journal bearings
Authors: Han Yanxiang , Fu Yonghong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSurface texture has been proved to be an effective method to improve lubrication performance in lubrication contact. However, there exists the controversy about the influence of surface texture on lubrication performance of journal bearings. Moreover, the effect of texture position is not fully understood in current literatures. In the present work, a mass conservation Reynolds equation is employed to investigate the lubrication performance of journal bearings. Bearing characteristics such as the maximum pressure, load‐carrying capacity, friction force, friction coefficient are predicted with elliptical grooves. Two types of microgrooves are comprehensively investigated. The transversal groove in the divergent region (θg = 210° in the case) almost does not influence the lubrication performance. The grooves in the inlet and maximum pressure region provide a potential possibility to improve the lubrication performance of journal bearings. In the cases, full grooves yield negative influence on lubrication performance. In addition, the influence of groove configuration is also investigated under different operating conditions. The dimensionless performance parameters for the microgroove in the maximum pressure region (θg = 120° in the case) are more sensitive to the microgroove configuration.
One decade ago, one decade ahead in progressive supranuclear palsy
Authors: Stamelou Maria , Giagkou Nikolaos , Höglinger Günter U 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFifty‐five years have passed from the first description of PSP, but it is in the last decade that there has been a revolutionary change in understanding both clinical and pathophysiological aspects of this disease. Ten years ago, our knowledge about the clinical spectrum and pathophysiology of the disease was quite limited, and there was no credible clinical study on any drug treatment for this devastating disease. Today, we have discovered the wide clinical spectrum of PSP, and this led to the development of new diagnostic criteria in 2017, aiming to diagnose the disease earlier and include more phenotypes into clinical studies. Moreover, just over the past 10 years, numerous large, double‐blind, clinical trials with disease‐modifying agents have been conducted that provided important novel insights into disease biomarkers and progression. These studies were possible because of gained novel insights into pathophysiological processes of the disease and pave the way for the near future. In the next decade, we dare to predict the discovery of biomarkers for PSP, improvements in diagnosis using the new criteria in combination with these biomarkers, and ultimately the development of a neuroprotective therapy that could be applied to patients in a prodromal stage and spare them from this devastating disorder. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Development of grading scales of pedal sensory loss using Mokken scale analysis on the Rotterdam Diabetic Foot Study Test Battery data
Authors: Rinkel Willem D. , Aziz M. Hosein , Van Neck Johan W. , Cabezas Manuel Castro , van der Ark L. Andries , Coert J. Henk 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionLoss of sensation due to diabetes‐related neuropathy often leads to diabetic foot ulceration. Several test instruments are used to assess sensation, such as static and moving 2‐point discrimination (S2PD, M2PD), monofilaments, and tuning forks.MethodsMokken scale analysis was applied to the Rotterdam Diabetic Foot Study data to select hierarchies of tests to construct measurement scales.ResultsWe developed 39‐item and 31‐item scales to measure loss of sensation for research purposes and a 13‐item scale for clinical practice. All instruments were strongly scalable and reliable. The 39 items can be classified into 5 hierarchically ordered core clusters: S2PD, M2PD, vibration sense, monofilaments, and prior ulcer or amputation.DiscussionGuided by the presented scales, clinicians may better classify the grade of sensory loss in diabetic patients’ feet. Thus, a more personalized approach concerning individual recommendations, intervention strategies, and patient information may be applied.
Don't throw the baby teeth out with the bathwater: Estimating subadult age using tooth wear in commingled archaeological assemblages
Authors: Beck Jess , Smith B. Holly 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCommingled assemblages of fragmentary human skeletal remains are a common feature of many archaeological sites and pose significant analytical problems for bioarchaeologists. Such deposits often contain a high volume of the teeth of subadults for which it is challenging to estimate age, including developing permanent teeth with damaged roots, articulated teeth with roots obscured by alveolar bone, and deciduous teeth with completed root apices.Here, we present a new method for more precisely estimating age for the developmentally ambiguous teeth of subadults from archaeological contexts. We used a sample of articulated subadult dentition from the Copper Age site of Marroquíes in Jaén, Spain, to build linear models of the relationship between dental age and tooth wear for deciduous and permanent molars. We tested three different strategies for identifying and removing outliers to build a linear model with the strongest relationship between age and wear. The Adjusted Residual strategy, which used diagnostic plots of linear regression residuals in the statistical package R to identify and remove outliers, was found to produce the strongest linear model. The linear model developed using the Adjusted Residual strategy was then used to provide estimated midpoint ages and upper and lower age bounds based on the wear scores from the sample of developmentally ambiguous teeth.This study demonstrates that it is possible to estimate the age of developmentally ambiguous deciduous and permanent molars with reference to an adequate sample of subadult dentition with estimated ages from the same population. This new method is valuable as it extracts information from developmentally ambiguous teeth that would otherwise be inaccessible, allows for rapid data collection, employs standard macroscopic dental scoring methods, and can be used for sites from other regions and periods. We conclude by discussing the applications of this new method within bioarchaeology and identify directions for future research on subadult dental wear.
Intersecting urban forestry and botanical gardens to address big challenges for healthier trees, people, and cities
Authors: Cavender Nicole , Donnelly Gerard 
Published: July 2019

Societal Impact StatementThe need for urban greening increases with global urbanization. Trees are major assets to livable urban areas, providing valuable environmental services to combat challenges such as pollution, urban heat, and flooding, as well as to improve social cohesion, human health, and well‐being. Investments in tree planting and arboriculture yield valuable returns, but trees face many challenges in the unnatural and stressful urban environment and in a rapidly changing climate. Botanical gardens have expertise in growing plants in designed landscapes. We urge their increased involvement with urban forestry to improve sustainability of cities and human lives.SummaryImproving urban forests is one of the solutions to achieving several of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and making cities healthier and more livable for people. Priority should be given to protecting mature trees and promoting long‐lived trees in the future. Achievement of this goal requires recognition of the myriad stresses trees face in built landscapes as well as the challenges related to climate change. Because all people living in communities are affected by the urban forest, developing solutions and forestry action plans should be a social endeavor and include diverse partnerships. Botanical gardens and arboreta can provide key resources in support of these efforts. They have a significant public reach, maintain a strong professional network, and can make important contributions to address key priorities including (a) protecting existing trees; (b) improving tree selection, diversity, and age structure; and (c) improving planning, standards, training, and management. A focus on below‐ground aspects, such as root development and soil composition, is a critical component for success. Horticultural and scientific knowledge combined with extensive public reach make botanical gardens and arboreta important potential partners in achieving urban forest objectives, but a greater call to action is needed.
Catch me if you can: the influence of refuge / trap design, previous feeding experience, and semiochemical lures on vine weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) monitoring success
Authors: Roberts Joe M , Jahir Akib , Graham Juliane , Pope Tom W 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDVine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus F. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is one of the most economically important pest species of berry and ornamental crops globally. Monitoring this nocturnal pest can be difficult and time consuming and the efficacy of current tools is uncertain. Without effective monitoring tools, implementation of integrated pest management strategies is challenging. This study tests the relative efficacy of a range of vine weevil monitoring tools. Whether host‐plant volatiles and weevil feeding experience influence vine weevil capture is also tested.RESULTSMonitoring tool efficacy differed overall between the six monitoring tool designs tested and ranged from catches of 0.4% to 26.7% under semi‐field conditions. Previous feeding experience influenced vine weevil behavior. In yew conditioned populations, 39% of the weevils responded to and were retained in the trap baited with yew foliage while 37% of weevils from Euonymus fortunei conditioned populations responded to and were retained in the trap baited with E. forunei foliage. A simple synthetic lure consisting of (Z)‐2‐pentenol + methyl eugenol also increased vine weevil catches compared with an unbaited trap.CONCLUSIONDemonstrating differences in the efficacy of different monitoring tool designs is an important first step for developing improved methods for monitoring vine weevil populations within crops. This study presents the first direct comparison of vine weevil monitoring tool designs and indicates that trap efficacy can be improved by baiting with host‐plant material or a synthetic lure based on host‐plant volatiles. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
A field‐tested robotic harvesting system for iceberg lettuce
Authors: Birrell Simon , Hughes Josie , Cai Julia Y. , Iida Fumiya 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAgriculture provides an unique opportunity for the development of robotic systems; robots must be developed which can operate in harsh conditions and in highly uncertain and unknown environments. One particular challenge is performing manipulation for autonomous robotic harvesting. This paper describes recent and current work to automate the harvesting of iceberg lettuce. Unlike many other produce, iceberg is challenging to harvest as the crop is easily damaged by handling and is very hard to detect visually. A platform called Vegebot has been developed to enable the iterative development and field testing of the solution, which comprises of a vision system, custom end effector and software. To address the harvesting challenges posed by iceberg lettuce a bespoke vision and learning system has been developed which uses two integrated convolutional neural networks to achieve classification and localization. A custom end effector has been developed to allow damage free harvesting. To allow this end effector to achieve repeatable and consistent harvesting, a control method using force feedback allows detection of the ground. The system has been tested in the field, with experimental evidence gained which demonstrates the success of the vision system to localize and classify the lettuce, and the full integrated system to harvest lettuce. This study demonstrates how existing state‐of‐the art vision approaches can be applied to agricultural robotics, and mechanical systems can be developed which leverage the environmental constraints imposed in such environments.
Science and Social Media
Authors: Regenberg Alan 
Published: July 2019

Summary
He Jiankui et al. conducted an experiment that resulted in the birth of the first human babies with germline gene editing. Initial and predominant communications of their work occurred via social media and outside of the norms for reviewing, approving, and engaging around work in science. This case provides an opportunity to reflect on the evolving and increasing presence of social media in science, its strengths, weaknesses, and the potential to develop applications that improve how we review, approve, and engage around the work of science. Social media use in science presents significant challenges. The potential benefits of addressing these challenges and developing new social media tools include greater transparency, access, and engagement—and could nurture the public's trust. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:1226&1229
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Anno 2019: Dawn of the Therapeutic Era? Concise Review
Authors: Hoogduijn Martin J. , Lombardo Eleuterio 
Published: July 2019

Summary
2018 was the year of the first marketing authorization of an allogeneic stem cell therapy by the European Medicines Agency. The authorization concerns the use of allogeneic adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for treatment of complex perianal fistulas in Crohn’s disease. This is a breakthrough in the field of MSC therapy. The last few years have, furthermore, seen some breakthroughs in the investigations into the mechanisms of action of MSC therapy. Although the therapeutic effects of MSCs have largely been attributed to their secretion of immunomodulatory and regenerative factors, it has now become clear that some of the effects are mediated through host phagocytic cells that clear administered MSCs and in the process adapt an immunoregulatory and regeneration supporting function. The increased interest in therapeutic use of MSCs and the ongoing elucidation of the mechanisms of action of MSCs are promising indicators that 2019 may be the dawn of the therapeutic era of MSCs and that there will be revived interest in research to more efficient, practical, and sustainable MSC-based therapies. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:1126–1134
A study on the accuracy of force analogy method in nonlinear static analysis
Authors: Safaei Shayan , Taslimi Arsam , Tehrani Payam 
Published: July 2019

SummaryIn this paper, the accuracy of the force analogy method (FAM) for nonlinear static (pushover) analysis is investigated. Hence, after explanation of the concept of FAM by a new approach, 12 2D steel special moment resisting frames with different configurations were derived from two different 3D archetypes and modeled using four various methods of capturing nonlinearity including SAP2000 super elements, OpenSees force‐based and displacement‐based fiber method, and FAM. In addition, a MATLAB code was developed for modeling and analyzing the frames by FAM. The accuracy of FAM in predictions of pushover curves, base shear forces, and plastic rotation of the critical hinges was investigated. The results indicated that in general, the predictions obtained using the FAM had a good agreement and compatibility with those from other methods of analysis currently used in practice for seismic performance assessment of structures.
Genome-wide association study to identify genomic regions influencing spontaneous fertility in maize haploids
Authors: Chaikam Vijay , Gowda Manje , Nair Sudha K. , Melchinger Albrecht E. , Boddupalli Prasanna M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEfficient production and use of doubled haploid lines can greatly accelerate genetic gains in maize breeding programs. One of the critical steps in standard doubled haploid line production is doubling the haploid genome using toxic and costly mitosis-inhibiting chemicals to achieve fertility in haploids. Alternatively, fertility may be spontaneously restored by natural chromosomal doubling, although generally at a rate too low for practical applications in most germplasm. This is the first large-scale genome-wise association study to analyze spontaneous chromosome doubling in haploids derived from tropical maize inbred lines. Induction crosses between tropicalized haploid inducers and 400 inbred lines were made, and the resulting haploid plants were assessed for haploid male fertility which refers to pollen production and haploid fertility which refers to seed production upon self-fertilization. A small number of genotypes were highly fertile and these fertility traits were highly heritable. Agronomic traits like plant height, ear height and tassel branch number were positively correlated with fertility traits. In contrast, haploid induction rate of the source germplasm and plant aspect were not correlated to fertility traits. Several genomic regions and candidate genes were identified that may control spontaneous fertility restoration. Overall, the study revealed the presence of large variation for both haploid male fertility and haploid fertility which can be potentially exploited for improving the efficiency of doubled haploid derivation in tropical maize germplasm.
Industry-school projects as an aim to foster secondary school students’ interest in technology and engineering careers
Authors: Smit Robbert , Robin Nicolas , De Toffol Christina , Atanasova Sanja 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIndustry-school partnerships offer authentic learning opportunities and can support the development of students’ interest in a STEM career. The expectancy-value model of achievement-related choice can help to explain how several factors influence career choice. Interest-enjoyment values and attainment values are most important in students’ motivation to participate in out-of-school technology and design activities. Our research question is the following: Is there a development in secondary school students’ career interests in science-based technology-related professions while participating in industry-school partnerships? We employed a longitudinal, mixed-methods research design. The sample consists of 213 secondary school students from 9 classes and 72 students from 4 classes in 4 neighbouring schools who served as a control group. All of the students filled out a questionnaire before and after the visit. The questionnaire items were based on scales relating to an expectancy-value model. Four groups of students were interviewed with respect to the industry visit experiences. Analyses indicated that attitudes for applying technology became relevant for predicting career interest in a technology profession in the project group after the end of the project. However, career interest did not increase over time. In the qualitative analysis, four topics emerged that elucidated why career interest did not increase. Overall, the results demonstrate that factory visits combined with embedded tasks are one way to overcome fixed ability self-concepts and allow the students to reconsider a career in the technology and engineering industry towards the end of secondary school.
Developing Kaspar: A Humanoid Robot for Children with Autism
Authors: Wood Luke J. , Zaraki Abolfazl , Robins Ben , Dautenhahn Kerstin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn the late 1990s using robotic technology to assist children with Autistic Spectrum Condition (ASD) emerged as a potentially useful area of research. Since then the field of assistive robotics for children with ASD has grown considerably with many academics trialling different robots and approaches. One such robot is the humanoid robot Kaspar that was originally developed in 2005 and has continually been built upon since, taking advantage of technological developments along the way. A key principle in the development of Kaspar since its creation has been to ensure that all of the advances to the platform are driven by the requirements of the users. In this paper we discuss the development of Kaspar’s design and explain the rationale behind each change to the platform. Designing and building a humanoid robot to interact with and help children with ASD is a multidisciplinary challenge that requires knowledge of the mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, Human–Computer Interaction (HCI), Child–Robot Interaction (CRI) and knowledge of ASD. The Kaspar robot has benefited from the wealth of knowledge accrued over years of experience in robot-assisted therapy for children with ASD. By showing the journey of how the Kaspar robot has developed we aim to assist others in the field develop such technologies further.
Kaolinite Occurrence of Kachchh, Gujarat: A Product from Rhyolitic Tuff by Hydrothermal Alteration
Authors: Maitra Monoj , Gangopadhyay Kamal Kumar 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Kaolinite associated with Mesozoic sediments of Kachchh and alkaline igneous rocks are not well studied in view of its genesis. The petrography, EPMA and DTA studies support that the studied kaolinite samples formed by mature transformation from rhyolitic tuff by hydrothermal alteration in epithermal condition. Such postulation indicates that there was intermittent acid volcanic episode along with alkaline basic igneous magmatism in the Cretaceous of Kachchh basin, western part of India.
Demand for High-Quality Beef Attributes in Developing Countries: The Case of Ecuador
Authors: Castillo María José , Carpio Carlos E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractConsumer preferences are likely to become more important in policy and market initiatives in developing countries. This study explores current and potential demand for high-quality beef in Ecuador. A survey of 547 households (including two choice experiments) was carried out in order to gather knowledge, quality perceptions, and experiences regarding Ecuadorian beef and preferences for specific beef attributes. Consumers have positive and economically significant willingness-to-pay values for all credence attributes considered in the study: sanitary control, meat maturation, animal welfare, and traceability. The results provide evidence that there is a potential market for increased-quality beef in Ecuador.
Cutting Edge and Cutting Corners: Evolving Technology, Expanding Usership, and Responsive Solutions in a Museum Database
Authors: Hansen John S. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTIn the mid-1980s, the Anthropology Division of the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) began the creation of digital resources as a means of collections access. Much of the database work was a secondary component of projects funded by outside grants and driven by new accountability mandates. The ongoing upgrading process was sporadic in its progress, but it still accomplished the primary goals of improved housing for collections and an exhaustive database. This paper discusses how the historical complications of the data, the scale of the database, its irregular schedule of funding, and deadline-driven projects resulted in inconsistency in data and difficulty in use. Although the examples provided will be specific to the AMNH Anthropology database, the circumstances and issues are common to many databases and the approaches presented broadly applicable. The discussion includes the practices used to mitigate the negative impact of these problems and the way the Division is positioning itself for the future, even as the database continues to provide unprecedented public and institutional access to and utility for the AMNH Anthropology collections.