bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Projecting the economic impact of silver diamine fluoride on caries treatment expenditures and outcomes in young U.S. children
Authors: Johhnson Ben , Serban Nicoleta , Griffin Paul M. , Tomar Scott L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo quantify the economic impact of using silver diamine fluoride (SDF) to arrest the progression of dental caries in Medicaid‐enrolled children (aged 1–5 years) relative to the standard restorative treatment from the Medicaid programs’ perspective.MethodsWe used Monte Carlo simulation to estimate averted restorative visits and associated expenditures for varying SDF effectiveness and intervention penetration levels. We compared the current standard of care for treating caries to applying SDF. We estimated expenditures from the 2010–2012 Medicaid Analytic Extract files for seven US states and the incremental cost effectiveness ratio for SDF application on averted restorative visits.ResultsAcross the seven states, averted restorative visits ranged from 2,049 (Vermont) to 60,542 (North Carolina), assuming an SDF penetration level of 50%. Averted per‐restorative visit costs ranged from $100 to $350 per‐visit. There were higher averted per‐restorative visit costs in nonmetropolitan counties than metropolitan counties.ConclusionsProviding SDF as a caries management strategy can reduce Medicaid program dental care expenditures by averting expensive caries treatment options. It could also prevent stressful restorative procedures. State Medicaid programs should consider reimbursing for SDF to arrest the progression of dental caries in young children.
Isolation by instability: Historical climate change shapes population structure and genomic divergence of treefrogs in the Neotropical Cerrado savanna
Authors: Vasconcellos Mariana M. , Colli Guarino R. , Weber Jesse N. , Ortiz Edgardo M. , Rodrigues Miguel T. , Cannatella David C. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAlthough the impact of Pleistocene glacial cycles on the diversification of the tropical biota was once dismissed, increasing evidence suggests that Pleistocene climatic fluctuations greatly affected the distribution and population divergence of tropical organisms. Landscape genomic analyses coupled with paleoclimatic distribution models provide a powerful way to understand the consequences of past climate changes on the present‐day tropical biota. Using genome‐wide SNP data and mitochondrial DNA, combined with projections of the species distribution across the late Quaternary until the present, we evaluate the effect of paleoclimatic shifts on the genetic structure and population differentiation of Hypsiboas lundii, a treefrog endemic to the South American Cerrado savanna. Our results show a recent and strong genetic divergence in H. lundii across the Cerrado landscape, yielding four genetic clusters that do not seem congruent with any current physical barrier to gene flow. Isolation by distance (IBD) explains some of the population differentiation, but we also find strong support for past climate changes promoting range shifts and structuring populations even in the presence of IBD. Post‐Pleistocene population persistence in four main areas of historical stable climate in the Cerrado seems to have played a major role establishing the present genetic structure of this treefrog. This pattern is consistent with a model of reduced gene flow in areas with high climatic instability promoting isolation of populations, defined here as “isolation by instability,” highlighting the effects of Pleistocene climatic fluctuations structuring populations in tropical savannas.
Tic22 from Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 with holdase function involved in outer membrane protein biogenesis shuttles between plasma membrane and Omp85
Authors: Brouwer Eva‐Maria , Ngo Giang , Yadav Shivam , Ladig Roman , Schleiff Enrico 
Published: February 2019

Summaryβ‐barrel‐shaped outer membrane proteins (OMPs) ensure regulated exchange of molecules across the cell‐wall of Gram‐negative bacteria. They are synthesized in the cytoplasm and translocated across the plasma membrane via the SEC translocon. In the periplasm, several proteins participate in the transfer of OMPs to the outer membrane‐localized complex catalyzing their insertion. This process has been described in detail for proteobacteria and some molecular components are conserved in cyanobacteria. For example, Omp85 proteins that catalyze the insertion of OMPs into the outer membrane exist in cyanobacteria as well. In turn, SurA and Skp involved in OMP transfer from plasma membrane to Omp85 in E. coli are likely replaced by Tic22 in cyanobacteria. We describe that anaTic22 functions as periplasmic holdase for OMPs in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 and provide evidence for the process of substrate delivery to anaOmp85. AnaTic22 binds to the plasma membrane with specificity for phosphatidylglycerol and monogalactosyldiacylglycerol. Substrate recognition induces membrane dissociation and interaction with the N‐terminal POTRA domain of Omp85. This leads to substrate release by the interaction with a proline‐rich domain and the first POTRA domain of Omp85. The order of events during OMP transfer from plasma membrane to Omp85 in cyanobacteria is discussed.
Variations and angulation of the coronary sinus tributaries: Implications for left ventricular pacing
Authors: Mazur Małgorzata , Żabówka Anna , Bolechała Filip , Kopacz Paweł , Klimek‐Piotrowska Wiesława , Hołda Mateusz K. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundVariations of the coronary sinus tributaries might result in difficulties in left ventricle electrode insertion during cardiac resynchronizing therapy. Morphometric features of tributaries, especially angulation of the coronary sinus tributaries, are crucial for coronary sinus procedures.MethodsThis study was carried out on 200 formaldehyde‐fixed human hearts (22.0% females, mean age of 48.7 ± 15.6 years).ResultsThe inferolateral aspect of the left ventricle was accessible from the coronary venous tree in 77.0% (in 35% from one, 29% from two, and 13.0% from three tributaries). The middle cardiac vein was present in all cases, with a diameter of 1.8 ± 0.5 mm, cannulation distance of 5.3 ± 3.2 mm, and angle of 82.0 ± 12.8°. The inferolateral vein of the left ventricle varied greatly in number: single in 63.5%, multiple in 30.5%. The ostium diameter for a single vein was 1.3 ± 0.5 mm, cannulation distance was 21.1 ± 9.8 mm, and the angle was 98.1 ± 13.5°. The left marginal vein was present in 39.5% with an ostium diameter of 0.9 ± 0.5 mm, cannulation distance of 46.0 ± 12.0 mm, and angle of 92.0 ± 13.4°. Finally, the oblique vein of the left atrium was present in 71.0% with a diameter of 1.3 ± 0.8 mm, cannulation distance of 27.2 ± 9.4 mm, and angle of 136.8 ± 16.6°.ConclusionsThis study shows the clinically relevant morphometric characteristic of coronary sinus tributaries. The middle cardiac vein is the most constant among coronary veins. However, it is usually not suitable for left ventricular pacing. The inferolateral vein of the left ventricle is highly variable in number, but its morphology makes it a suitable target for left ventricular lead placement.
Electroanatomic mapping‐guided catheter ablation of atrial tachycardia in children with limited/zero fluoroscopy
Authors: Elkiran Ozlem , Akdeniz Celal , Karacan Mehmet , Tuzcu Volkan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionAtrial tachycardia (AT) is an uncommon cause of supraventricular tachycardia in children and it is often resistant to medical therapy. Catheter ablation can be curative in children with AT. However, experience of ablation of pediatric AT is still very limited. The aim of this study, which is the largest series from a single center, was to assess the efficacy and safety of ablation of AT using an electroanatomical‐mapping system.MethodsIt was a retrospective review of 39 children with AT who underwent catheter ablation procedure using the EnSite Velocity system (St. Jude Medical, St. Paul, MN, USA) between July 2012 and April 2017.ResultsThe mean patient age was 13.32 ± 6.82 years. The location of AT was right sided in 25 and left sided in 13, and both sides in one patient. The mean procedure time was 184.23 ± 60.19 min. Fluoroscopy was not used in 25 of 39 patients. The mean fluoroscopy time in the remaining patients was 5.53 ± 5.22 min. Radiofrequency (RF) ablation was used in 22, cryoablation was used in 10, and both RF and cryoablation were used in seven. Acute success was achieved in 34 patients (87.2%). During a mean follow‐up of 51.35 ± 12.62 months, AT recurred in five patients. These patients underwent second ablation procedures and four of them were successful. Final success was achieved in 33 out of 39 patients (84.6%). There were no complications except for one patient who had an uneventful pericardial needle injury during transseptal puncture without effusion.ConclusionsCatheter ablation of AT in children can be performed safely and effectively with a limited fluoroscopy using electroanatomical mapping systems.
Use of psychologic strategies to reduce pain and anxiety related to dermatology procedures
Authors: Armenta Andrew M. , Jaquez Sasha D. , Levy Moise L. , Diaz Lucia Z. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe fear of painful procedures is at an increased incidence within the pediatric population. This can be an extremely challenging obstacle in dermatology where injections, blood draws, and cryotherapy are often required during the care of patients. Psychologic techniques based on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can be implemented leading up to and while performing these procedures to help reduce patient anxiety.
Laser ablation of embryonic veins in children
Authors: Bittles Mark , Jodeh Diana S. , Mayer Jennifer L. R. , Gallant Michael , Rottgers S. Alex 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundKlippel–Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) and related overgrowth syndromes are rare conditions that often present to academic pediatric units and multidisciplinary vascular anomaly clinics. These conditions are commonly associated with abnormalities of the superficial and deep venous structures and carry an increased risk of venous thromboembolism.MethodsA retrospective chart review was completed of all patients treated at Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital with endovenous laser ablation therapy (EVLT) for management of dilated embryonic veins in the setting of limb overgrowth.ResultsThree patients with limb overgrowth underwent EVLT between 2015 and 2017. All patients had successful occlusion of the targeted veins on post‐procedure imaging. One patient developed a cellulitis successfully treated with oral antibiotics.ConclusionsEndovenous laser ablation therapy is a well‐tolerated and safe procedure for prophylactic closure of abnormal superficial embryonic veins. This study supports the use of this technique in managing increased thromboembolic risk in this unique patient population and recognizes the need for a long‐term study to determine its efficacy.
Tissue‐specific organic acid metabolism in reproductive and non‐reproductive parts of the fig fruit is partially induced by pollination
Authors: Lama Kumar , Peer Reut , Shlizerman Lyudmila , Meir Sagit , Doron‐Faigenboim Adi , Sadka Avi , Aharoni Asaph , Flaishman Moshe A. 
Published: February 2019

Organic acids are important components of overall fruit quality through flavor, taste, nutritional and medicinal values. Pollinated fig (Ficus carica L.) fruit quality is enhanced by increased acidity. We quantified the major organic acids and characterized the expression pattern of organic acid metabolic pathway‐related genes in the reproductive part – inflorescence and non‐reproductive part – receptacle of parthenocarpic and pollinated fig fruit during ripening. Essentially, pollinated fruit contains seeds in the inflorescence, as opposed to no seeds in the parthenocarpic inflorescence. The major organic acids – citrate and malate – were found in relatively high quantities in the inflorescence compared to the receptacle of both parthenocarpic and pollinated fig fruit. Notably, pollination increased citric acid content significantly in both inflorescence and receptacle. Genes related to the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle, citrate catabolism and glyoxylate cycle were identified in fig fruit. Expression levels of most of these genes were higher in inflorescences than in receptacles. In particular, FcPEPC and FcFUM (encoding fumarase) had significantly higher expression in the inflorescence of pollinated fruit. Most importantly, expression of the glyoxylate cycle genes FcMLS and FcICL (encoding malate synthase and isocitrate lyase, respectively) was induced to strikingly high levels in the inflorescence by pollination, and their expression level was highly positively correlated with the contents of all organic acids. Therefore, the glyoxylate cycle may be responsible for altering the accumulation of organic acids to upgrade the fruit taste during ripening, especially in the pollinated, seeded inflorescence.
The prevalence and clinical risk factors of insomnia in the Chinese elderly based on comprehensive geriatric assessment in Chongqing population
Authors: Zou Yan , Chen Yao , Yu Weihua , Chen Tian , Tian Qi , Tu Qi , Deng Yongtao , Duan Jingxi , Xiao Mingzhao , Lü Yang 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundInsomnia is a major public health problem affecting older people. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and clinical risk factors of insomnia in a representative sample of Chinese elderly (≥ 60 years) in Chongqing.MethodsA cross‐sectional study based on comprehensive geriatric assessment was conducted from January 2013 to February 2014. A questionnaire on sleep status was provided to each patient and insomnia was assessed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edition criteria. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to illustrate risk factors correlated with insomnia.ResultsOf the total 597 participants, 55.4% suffered from insomnia. The prevalence of insomnia in men and women was 48.2% and 63.2%, respectively. Coronary heart disease, dizziness, chronic pain, anorexia, malnutrition, depression and cognitive decline were identified as risk factors associated with insomnia. Hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, headache, age and education level were not observed to be significantly associated with insomnia.ConclusionsInsomnia is highly prevalent among the elderly in Chongqing, and shows a positive correlation to coronary heart disease, dizziness, chronic pain, anorexia, malnutrition, depression, cognitive impairment. Moreover, women are more likely to experience insomnia than men.
Genotype–environment interaction for age at first calving in buffaloes, using the reaction norm model
Authors: Freitas Gabriela Rodrigues , Hurtado‐Lugo Naudin Alejandro , de Abreu dos Santos Daniel Jordan , Aspilcueta Borquis Rusbel Raul , Pegolo Newton Tamassia , Tonhati Humberto , de Araújo Neto Francisco Ribeiro 
Published: February 2019

ContentsThe objective of this study was to evaluate the genotype–environment interaction effect on age at first calving in buffaloes. The records were analysed using two approaches: (a) standard animal model and (b) reaction norm model. For the reaction norm analysis, two environmental gradients were formed, using age of first calving or milk yield group contemporary average. The results showed differences in the heritability estimates when using the two approaches. The reaction norm model indicated high heritability in more favourable environments and low magnitude genetic correlations between extreme environments. Based on our findings, we verified the significance of the genotype–environment interaction effect on age at first calving in buffaloes.
Executive Actors and Environmental Enforcement: Examining the “Rick Scott Effect” in the U.S. State of Florida
Authors: Lynch Michael J. , Ozymy Joshua , Jarrell Melissa 
Published: February 2019

AbstractExecutive actors wield power within a principal–agent structure, where they compete with multiple political actors and administrative agencies to influence environmental enforcement outcomes. While the U.S. states make for an excellent laboratory to explore this phenomenon, a lack of quality enforcement data and the multifaceted dynamics of control makes it difficult to study these relationships. Using data on the number of environmental cases opened, sanctioned, and penalized by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, 2005–15, this article takes advantage of a natural experiment in the U.S. state of Florida to explore the influence of an anti‐environmental governor on environmental enforcement outcomes. While we make no claims that Governor Rick Scott caused the precipitous decline in enforcement outcomes we witness pre‐ and post‐Scott, results demonstrate, descriptively, the influence executive actors can have on environmental enforcement outcomes in the state.
Reshaping EU Attitudes? The Case of Social Democratic and Radical Left Parties in Spain and Italy
Authors: Tarditi Valeria , Vittori Davide 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSince the beginning of the Great Recession, the issue of European integration has become increasingly salient in many European polities. The European left has adopted a different stance toward European integration, both in terms of economic and welfare‐state integration. On the one hand, radical left parties (RLPs) have always opposed a process of integration dominated by neoliberal logic; on the other hand, the social democratic parties (SDPs) have appeared as one of the main pro‐EU party families, identifying the EU as a privileged space in which to promote the building of a European social model. In this paper, we propose a binary comparison between RLPs and SDPs in Italy and Spain with a qualitative content analysis methodology. Our results show that albeit the crisis brought SDPs closer to a Eurocritical stance vis‐à‐vis the social‐Europe, this dimension along with the political integration are still dividing issues for the RLPs and SDPs families.
Aid, Intervention, and Terror: The Impact of Foreign Aid and Foreign Military Intervention on Terror Events and Severity*
Authors: Danzell Orlandrew E. , Kisangani Emizet F. , Pickering Jeffrey 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveRelatively few empirical studies have analyzed the foreign policy options that leaders employ to counter terrorism, and the results have been mixed to date. This study takes a fresh look at two such policies: foreign aid and foreign military intervention.MethodUsing system generalized method of moments to control for endogeneity and a technique that identifies short‐ and long‐term effects, we examine the impact of both policy options within a sample of 122 countries from 1970 to 2005.ResultsThe results suggest that foreign aid may be associated with an increase in the number of terrorist incidents, fatalities, and casualties. They also indicate that foreign military intervention increases terrorist incidents in the short term and may eventually reduce them in the long term.ConclusionThese findings should give pause to those who consider foreign aid to be a possible antidote for both transnational and domestic terrorism. Unfortunately, policymakers searching for ways to reduce terrorist activity will find little solace if they turn to foreign military intervention since a surge in terror incidents in the short term after a military intervention establishes a significantly higher baseline of terror activity and violence. It may take decades for terror activity to return to its preintervention level. Policymakers searching for options to combat international terror should consequently approach both foreign aid and foreign military intervention with caution.
‘And Since I Knew About the Possibilities There …’: The Role of Open Creative Labs in User Innovation Processes
Authors: Brinks Verena 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOpen spaces for experimentation and innovation are receiving growing attention from economic geography and beyond. They are discussed as new material settings for temporarily working on projects and ideas. Moreover, individual users are increasingly regarded as potential innovators who might benefit from “Open Creative Labs” and the (shared) resources provided there. This paper situates Open Creative Labs within the research strands of user innovation and the geography of knowledge creation and explores how Open Creative Labs have been used in four specific user innovation processes. On the basis of innovation biographies, it is reconstructed how Open Creative Labs concretely influenced the pathways of innovation. In all innovation processes, Open Creative Labs have been resources of innovation. In two cases, they can also be regarded as their local sources.
Developmental analysis of the early steps in strigolactone‐mediated axillary bud dormancy in rice
Authors: Luo Le , Takahashi Megumu , Kameoka Hiromu , Qin Ruyi , Shiga Toshihide , Kanno Yuri , Seo Mitsunori , Ito Masaki , Xu Guohua , Kyozuka Junko 
Published: February 2019

SummaryBy contrast with rapid progress in understanding the mechanisms of biosynthesis and signaling of strigolactone (SL), mechanisms by which SL inhibits axillary bud outgrowth are less well understood. We established a rice (Oryza sativa L.) hydroponic culture system to observe axillary buds at the critical point when the buds enter the dormant state. In situ hybridization analysis indicated that cell division stops in the leaf primordia of the buds entering dormancy. We compared transcriptomes in the axillary buds isolated by laser capture microdissection before and after entering the dormant state and identified genes that are specifically upregulated or downregulated in dormant buds respectively, in SL‐mediated axillary bud dormancy. Typically, cell cycle genes and ribosomal genes are included among the active genes while abscisic acid (ABA)‐inducible genes are among the dormant genes. Application of ABA to the hydroponic culture suppressed the growth of axillary buds of SL mutants to the same level as wild‐type (WT) buds. Tiller number was decreased in the transgenic lines overexpressing OsNCED1, the gene that encodes ABA biosynthesis enzyme. These results indicated that the main site of SL function is the leaf primordia in the axillary bud and that ABA is involved in SL‐mediated axillary bud dormancy.