bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical activity and exercise as a universal depression prevention in young people: A narrative review
Authors: Pascoe Michaela C. , Parker Alexandra G. 
Published: October 2018

AimThe aim of this narrative summary was to examine the efficacy of physical activity and exercise as a universal prevention for depression in young people.MethodsWe conducted a search of the literature in the open‐access evidence database of controlled trials and systematic reviews in youth mental health, an initiative between Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health and headspace, National Youth Mental Health Foundation. In April 2018, we searched for all papers published between 1980 and 2017 relating to “Depressive Disorder” under the “Universal Prevention” illness stage and classified as “Physical activity/Exercise” under the treatment/intervention classification. Systematic reviews, randomized control trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials were all included.ResultsA total of 11 papers were returned. Three of these studies were observational and eight studies were controlled trials. The reviewed studies indicate that exercise and physical activity might be an effective universal depression prevention intervention for young people. Three of the controlled studies had a passive control group or no control group and only one study had longer‐term follow‐up. No trial used a longitudinal design to determine if interventions prevent the onset of new cases of depression.ConclusionsThe studies reviewed in the current review demonstrate a bidirectional relationship between physical activity, exercise and adolescent mental health. The results of the current review suggest that physical activity and exercise programs designed to increase the level of activity in young people should be implemented to be attractive and achievable to young people that may have poor psychological health.
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1‐mediated calcium mobilization in the neonatal hippocampal marginal zone
Authors: Taketo Megumi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe hippocampal marginal zone contains Cajal–Retzius (C‐R) cells and participates in the regulation of cortical development. Two subtypes of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), mGluR1 and mGluR5, are found in the central nervous system and are considered to regulate neuronal excitability. The release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores is thought to be a main consequence of activation of these receptor subtypes. In hippocampal C‐R cells, the expression of mGluR1 has been showed using immunohistochemical techniques, but its function has not been elucidated. In this study, Ca2+ mobilization through mGluR1 activation was demonstrated in the neonatal rat hippocampus. In marginal zone C‐R cells, intracellular Ca2+ elevation was detected by fluorescence imaging after the application of a group I mGluR‐specific agonist. This response was prevented by application of an mGluR1 antagonist but was not changed by application of an mGluR5 antagonist. The intracellular Ca2+ elevation induced by mGluR1 activation was still observed in Ca2+‐free perfusate, indicating the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores. γ‐Aminobutyric acid and ionotropic glutamate receptor‐mediated intracellular Ca2+ elevation was also detected in mGluR1‐possessing neurons, although the former was much smaller than that mediated by mGluR1. These results indicate that mGluR1 is functionally expressed in C‐R cells in the neonatal marginal zone and regulates cell function through the elevation of intracellular Ca2+.
Disturbed sleep in cluster headache is not the result of transient processes associated with the cluster period
Authors: Lund N. L. T. , Snoer A. H. , Petersen A. S. , Beske R. P. , Jennum P. J. , Jensen R. H. , Barloese M. C. J. 
Published: October 2018

Background and purposeCluster headache (CH) is characterized by severe, unilateral attacks of pain and a high nocturnal attack burden. It remains unknown whether perturbations of sleep are solely present during the CH bout. Therefore, we aimed to investigate differences in sleep between the bout and remission period in patients with episodic CH and, secondly, to compare patients in the two phases with controls.MethodsPatients with episodic CH (aged 18–65 years), diagnosed according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders 2nd edition, were admitted for polysomnography at the Danish Center for Sleep Medicine in bout and in remission. The macrostructure of sleep, including arousals, breathing parameters, limb movements and periodic limb movements, was compared with 25 age‐, sex‐ and body mass index‐matched healthy controls.ResultsThere were no differences in any of the sleep parameters for patients in bout (n = 32) compared with patients in remission (n = 23). Attacks were unrelated to sleep stages, presence of apnea episodes, periodic limb movements, limb movements and arousals. In bout, patients had longer sleep latency (18.8 vs. 11.7 min, P < 0.05) and rapid eye movement sleep latency (1.7 vs. 1.2 h, P < 0.05) than controls and sleep efficiency was lower (82.5% vs. 86.5%, P < 0.05). Patients in remission only had a longer sleep latency compared with controls (17.5 vs. 11.7 min, P < 0.01).ConclusionsThe results support the presence of a continuing or slowly recovering disturbance of sleep outside the bout rather than a disturbance occurring secondary to attacks. Further, we confirm that there is no relation between CH attacks and specific sleep stages or between CH and breathing parameters.
Adiponectin profile at baseline is correlated to progression and severity of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Signoriello E. , Lus G. , Polito R. , Casertano S. , Scudiero O. , Coletta M. , Monaco M. L. , Rossi F. , Nigro E. , Daniele A. 
Published: October 2018

Background and purposeAdiponectin is a cytokine linking energy metabolism and immune system. After being assembled, adiponectin circulates as oligomers of different molecular weight, i.e. low, medium and high (HMW) molecular weight. These have the most potent biological effects. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the human central nervous system. The aim of this study was to characterize the expression levels of both total adiponectin and its oligomerization state in the serum from 99 patients with MS at baseline (i.e. not influenced by therapies). We also investigated the potential relationships between adiponectin and disease progression and severity.MethodsAdiponectin was quantified and visualized by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, western blotting and fast protein liquid chromatography. During the follow‐up (3.6 ± 2.20 years), the patients were evaluated using total annualized relapse rate and Expanded Disability Status Scale score.ResultsTotal adiponectin is statistically higher in patients with MS compared with matched controls (12.18 vs. 10.02 μg/mL, P = 0.001). Interestingly, the adiponectin oligomerization state is altered in MS, with an increase of HMW oligomers. In addition, patients with MS with higher levels of adiponectin at baseline have significantly higher risk of progression and severity (Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score, 3.84 vs. 2.44, P = 0.001). No statistical difference in adiponectin expression was found between active and inactive patients with MS and among the different forms of disease.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that adiponectin and its HMW oligomers are greatly involved in MS autoimmune disorder representing a potential biomarker to predict worse MS prognosis and severity. Further studies are required to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying the properties of adiponectin and HMW oligomers in MS.
High burden of neurological disease in the older general population: results from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging
Authors: Wolfson C. , Fereshtehnejad S.‐M. , Pasquet R. , Postuma R. , Keezer M. R. 
Published: October 2018

Background and purposeOur objective was to study the association between the presence of a neurological disease and the comorbidity burden as well as healthcare utilization (HCU).MethodsUsing baseline data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA), we examined the burden of five neurological conditions. The CLSA is a population‐based study of approximately 50 000 individuals, aged 45–85 years at baseline. We used multivariable Poisson regression to identify correlates of comorbidity burden and HCU.ResultsThe lifetime prevalence of five neurological diseases is presented: epilepsy, Parkinson's disease/parkinsonism, stroke/transient ischaemic attack, multiple sclerosis and migraine. We found the somatic and psychiatric comorbidity burden to be higher in those individuals with a neurological disease (an 18–45% mean increase in the number of chronic conditions) as compared with the comparison group without a neurological disease, except for Parkinson's disease/parkinsonism. The presence of a neurological disease was associated with only a modest increase in the probability of visiting a general practitioner but was associated with a greatly increased probability of visiting a medical specialist (up to 68% more likely) or an emergency department (up to 79% more likely) and an overnight hospitalization (up to 108% more likely).ConclusionsWe found striking associations between our neurological diseases and increased comorbidity burdens and HCU. These findings are important for informing public policy planning as well as driving avenues for future research. The present study established the CLSA as an important research platform for the study of neurological conditions in an aging general population.
Ticket to spawn: Combining economic and genetic data to evaluate the effect of climate and demographic structure on spawning distribution in Atlantic cod
Authors: Langangen Øystein , Färber Leonie , Stige Leif C. , Diekert Florian K. , Barth Julia M. I. , Matschiner Michael , Berg Paul R. , Star Bastiaan , Stenseth Nils Chr. , Jentoft Sissel , Durant Joël M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractClimate warming and harvesting affect the dynamics of species across the globe through a multitude of mechanisms, including distribution changes. In fish, migrations to and distribution on spawning grounds are likely influenced by both climate warming and harvesting. The Northeast Arctic (NEA) cod (Gadus morhua) performs seasonal migrations from its feeding grounds in the Barents Sea to spawning grounds along the Norwegian coast. The distribution of cod between the spawning grounds has historically changed at decadal scales, mainly due to variable use of the northern and southern margins of the spawning area. Based on historical landing records, two major hypotheses have been put forward to explain these changes: climate and harvesting. Climate could affect the distribution through, for example, spatial habitat shifts. Harvesting could affect the distribution through impacting the demographic structure. If demographic structure is important, theory predicts increasing spawner size with migration distance. Here, we evaluate these hypotheses with modern data from a period (2000–2016) of increasing temperature and recovering stock structure. We first analyze economic data from the Norwegian fisheries to investigate geographical differences in size of spawning fish among spawning grounds, as well as interannual differences in mean latitude of spawning in relation to changes in temperature and demographic parameters. Second, we analyze genetically determined fish sampled at the spawning grounds to unambiguously separate between migratory NEA cod and potentially smaller sized coastal cod of local origin. Our results indicate smaller spawners farther away from the feeding grounds, hence not supporting the hypothesis that harvesting is a main driver for the contemporary spawning ground distribution. We find a positive correlation between annual mean spawning latitude and temperature. In conclusion, based on contemporary data, there is more support for climate compared to harvesting in shaping spawning ground distribution in this major fish stock in the North Atlantic Ocean.
Usefulness of OLGA and OLGIM system not only for intestinal type but also for diffuse type of gastric cancer, and no interaction among the gastric cancer risk factors
Authors: Yun Chang Yong , Kim Nayoung , Lee Jaebong , Lee Ju Yup , Hwang Young Jae , Lee Hye Seung , Yoon Hyuk , Shin Cheol Min , Park Young Soo , Kim Jin‐Wook , Lee Dong Ho 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe operative link on gastric atrophy (OLGA) and operative link on gastric intestinal metaplasia (OLGIM) stages have been suggested for risk estimation of gastric cancer (GC). However, usefulness of OLGA/OLGIM systems in diffuse type of GC was not investigated so far. The aims of this study were to evaluate the OLGA/OLGIM systems in estimating the GC risk according to Lauren's classification and to investigate the interaction among the risk factors.Materials and methodsThe OLGA/OLGIM stages were evaluated in 1398 (765 control and 633 GC patients) who were prospectively enrolled in the Seoul National University Bundang Hospital. Synergistic interaction among the risk factors for GC was calculated using an additive model.ResultsAmong 387 intestinal‐type GC patients, 71 (18.3%) were high‐risk OLGA stages (III, IV) and 113 (29.2%) were high‐risk OLGIM stages (III, IV). Of the 246 patients with diffuse‐type GC, 36 (14.6%) were high‐risk OLGA stages and 39 (15.9%) were high‐risk OLGIM stages. Multivariable analysis revealed family history of GC, Helicobacter pylori infection, high‐risk OLGA stages, and high‐risk OLGIM stages as independent risk factors for GC regardless of histologic type (odds ratios [ORs] 1.78, 1.94, 2.63, and 3.18, respectively). There was no significant risk modification among the H. pylori infection, family history of GC, and high‐risk OLGA/OLGIM stages.ConclusionHigh‐risk OLGA/OLGIM stages are important prediction markers for GC regardless of H. pylori infection or family history of GC not only for the intestinal type but also for diffuse‐type GC.
Involving young people in cyberbullying research: The implementation and evaluation of a rights‐based approach
Authors: Dennehy Rebecca , Cronin Mary , Arensman Ella 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundCyberbullying is an international Public Health concern. Efforts to understand and address it can be enhanced by involving young people. This paper describes a rights‐based collaboration with young people in a qualitative exploration of cyberbullying. It describes the establishment, implementation and evaluation of a Young Person's Advisory Group as well as identifying the impact on the research process and the young people involved.MethodsSixteen postprimary school students met with researchers on five occasions in a youth centre. Sessions focused on building the young people's capacity to engage with the research, designing the qualitative study, interpreting study findings and evaluating the collaboration process.ResultsThe Advisory Group highlighted a lack of understanding and appropriate action with regard to cyberbullying but believed that their involvement would ultimately help adults to understand their perspective. Evaluation findings indicate that members were supported to form as well as express their views on the design, conduct and interpretation of the research and that these views were acted upon by adult researchers. Their involvement helped to ensure that the research was relevant and reflective of the experiences, interests, values and norms of young people.ConclusionYoung people can contribute a unique perspective to the research process that is otherwise not accessible to adult researchers. The approach described in this study is a feasible and effective way of operationalizing young people's involvement in health research and could be adapted to explore other topics of relevance to young people.
“Green” UV‐LED gel nail polishes from bio‐based materials
Authors: Zareanshahraki Forough , Mannari Vijay 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveGel nail polishes represent an advanced class of nail polishes, with the ability to cure under ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and consequently demonstrate improved properties and greater durability compared to conventional nail polishes. Most gel nail polishes available today are based on petrochemical resources, making them unsustainable. Bio‐based materials are excellent renewable resources, with high potential for meeting final‐product performance, cost, and environmental needs. In addition, bio‐based materials can be modified to make them amenable to being cured by advanced Light Emitting Diode (LED) resources that consume low energy and are safer for human exposure compared to conventional UV‐mercury lamps. Consumer preference for use of products made from bio‐based sources has been clearly growing.On the other hand, according to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) technology roadmap, a considerable amount of basic chemical building blocks should be derived from plant‐based renewable materials in near future. However, to the best of our knowledge, bio‐based nail products have not been sufficiently explored. Therefore, to keep pace with environmental regulations and consumer preference, there is an unmet opportunity to develop novel, sustainable nail gel polishes with considerable bio‐renewable content.In this study, two sustainable UV‐LED curable gel nail polish prototypes–one high‐solids zero‐volatile organic content (VOC) and the other waterborne, both with considerable bio‐renewable content, were designed.MethodsBoth formulations were cured under both UV‐mercury and UV‐LED radiation sources in order to evaluate their curing efficiency under a UV‐LED source. Also, their performance was compared with a commercial petro‐based benchmark.ResultsThe high‐solids formulation demonstrated promising performance, exceeding that of the benchmark in opacity, chemical properties, gloss, and pendulum hardness, while the waterborne formulation met most of the desirable requirements with some significant technical benefits, including low odour and higher renewable raw material content.ConclusionThese novel gel nail polishes are greener alternatives to the current products in the market with high potential for promising consumer acceptance.
Influence of the emollient on emulsions containing lamellar liquid crystals: from molecular organization towards applicative properties
Authors: Terescenco D. , Savary G. , Picard C. , Clemenceau F. , Merat E. , Grisel M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe sensory perception of cosmetic emulsions is complex as it is governed by an important number of parameters like the choice of raw materials, their interactions, the structural organisation of the system, etc. The aim of the present work was to go further in the interpretation of the emollient‐surfactant interactions, towards the emulsions applicative properties. For this purpose, two systems containing liquid crystals of the lamellar type were formulated, differing only in the selected emollient.MethodsFirst, the liquid crystals types were checked using different tools like the optical microscopy under the bright and polarized light, the wide‐angle X rays diffraction and, finally, thermogravimetric analysis. Next, two sensory attributes, namely compression force and difficulty of spreading, were evaluated by a sensory panel. In addition to that, complementary instrumental characterizations (flow tests, textural analysis and contact angle measurements) were performed in order to understand how the panel could discriminate the products.ResultsThe results showed that isohexadecane emollient induces the α‐gel structures, while caprylic capric triglycerides favour the formation of the lamellar liquid crystals near to α‐gel. For the compression force, the results point out that there is no direct interaction between the oil phase and the skin. For this attribute, depending on its chemical structure, emollient impacts the human perception only by changing the lamellar phase type. Concerning the difficulty of spreading, both the emulsion structure and the emollient properties should be considered. Immediate perception is impacted by the emulsions destruction, making the droplet roll one on each other. Then, once the droplets monolayer is disrupted, the emollient comes into direct contact with the skin. In this case, the perception is governed by the direct affinity of the emollient with the skin, nonpolar emollients being easier to spread if compared to polar ones.ConclusionThe sensory perception is guided not only by the choice of the raw materials but also by their interactions. It was shown that the chemical structure of the emollients affected the molecular organization of liquid crystals present in the emulsion and, consequently, directly or indirectly its sensory perception.
Effect of reducing acid‐etching duration time on compressive strength and bonding of a universal adhesive to calcium silicate cements
Authors: Shafiei F. , Doozandeh M. , Gharibpour F. , Adl A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimTo assess the effect of acid‐etching duration time on the compressive strength, microstructure and shear bond strength of All‐Bond Universal adhesive to MTA‐Angelus (AMTA), and Biodentine (BD).MethodologyForty‐eight cylindrical specimens (4 mm in diameter, 6 mm in height) of AMTA in four groups and 48 specimens of BD in four groups (n = 12) were prepared and stored for 72 h. The control groups were unetched whilst the three experimental groups were acid‐etched for 5, 10 and 15 s, respectively, followed by compressive strength testing. The effect of the various acid‐etching times on surface micromorphology was evaluated under a scanning electron microscope. Similar groups were bonded using All‐Bond Universal and Aelite Flo and shear bond strength was tested. Data were analysed using two‐way ANOVA and Tukey tests.Results10‐s and 15‐s acid‐etching reduced the compressive strength of AMTA and BD (P < 0.001), while 5‐s etching did not (P ≤ 0.86). In all the groups, BD had greater compressive strength compared to AMTA. Contrary to BD, the three etched AMTA groups had significantly higher shear bond strength compared to the control group (P < 0.001), with no significant differences between them. The etched groups of AMTA had shear bond strengths comparable to all the BD groups. Scanning electron microscope observations indicated variable surface morphologies such as remnant crystals and cracking/eroding in all our groups of AMTA; though these differences were less prominent for BD.ConclusionsShortening the acid‐etching time to 5 s resulted in a beneficial effect in terms of resin bonding for AMTA while preventing the detrimental effect of 10‐s and 15‐s etching on the compressive strength of AMTA and BD. However, the three etching times had no effect on resin–BD bond.