bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peers Keep It Real: Re-engaging Adults in HIV Care
Authors: Enriquez Maithe , Cheng An-Lin , McKinsey David , Farnan Rose , Ortego Gerry , Hayes Deana , Miles LaTrischa , Reese Michael , Downes Alicia , Enriquez Amanda , Akright Jan , El Atrouni Wissam 
Published: April 2019

Background: After diagnosis, a substantial number of people with HIV disease fall out of care. Effective interventions are needed for this priority population. Methods: The “Peers Keep It Real” study aimed to help adults who were disengaged from HIV treatment. Peers, lay individuals living with HIV, facilitated intervention sessions. Participants were randomized to immediately receive the peer-facilitated intervention or were wait-listed. Results: Considerable attrition occurred in the control group. Pre-/postanalyses showed that among participants (n = 23) who received the intervention, 65% had viral load suppression and 100% remained in care at 12 months postintervention. Impact on viral load was significant ( P = .0326), suggesting that peers are effective change agents who positively impacted outcomes for individuals struggling with adherence to HIV treatment. Conclusion: Future endeavors should consider providing all individuals from this priority population with an active peer intervention from the onset to enhance retention and adherence.
Exploring Experiences of Survivors and Caregivers Regarding Lung Cancer Diagnosis, Treatment, and Survivorship
Authors: Fitch Margaret I 
Published: April 2019

Background: Advances in screening and treatment approaches alongside changing population demographics have the potential to influence the experience of living with lung cancer. There is potential for improved outcomes and quality of life for those diagnosed with the disease. Objectives: This exploratory study was undertaken to gain insight regarding the current experiences of individuals diagnosed with lung cancer and their family caregivers given the evolving changes in lung cancer screening and treatment. Method: A qualitative descriptive design was utilized and in-depth interviews conducted with 8 survivor and 4 family caregivers. Interviews were subjected to a conventional content analysis. Results: Participants identified challenges related to being diagnosed in a timely manner, being told the diagnosis with compassion, coping with multiple symptoms during treatment, and regaining a new normal following treatment. Dealing with late effects of treatment (ie, fatigue, shortness of breath, neuropathy) was frustrating when individuals were not aware the effects would emerge or had not had relevant self-management instructions. Conclusions: Lung cancer survivors constitute an emerging cadre of survivors. Attention is needed to their preparation for, and coping with, the survivorship transition.
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells respond to Epstein-Barr virus infection with a distinct type I interferon subtype profile
Authors: Gujer Cornelia , Murer Anita , Müller Anne , Vanoaica Danusia , Sutter Kathrin , Jacque Emilie , Fournier Nathalie , Kalchschmidt Jens , Zbinden Andrea , Capaul Riccarda , Dzionek Andrzej , Mondon Philippe , Dittmer Ulf , Münz Christian 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Infectious mononucleosis, caused by infection with the human gamma-herpesvirus Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), manifests with one of the strongest CD8+ T-cell responses described in humans. The resulting T-cell memory response controls EBV infection asymptomatically in the vast majority of persistently infected individuals. Whether and how dendritic cells (DCs) contribute to the priming of this near-perfect immune control remains unclear. Here we show that of all the human DC subsets, plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) play a central role in the detection of EBV infection in vitro and in mice with reconstituted human immune system components. pDCs respond to EBV by producing the interferon (IFN) subtypes α1, α2, α5, α7, α14, and α17. However, the virus curtails this type I IFN production with its latent EBV gene products EBNA3A and EBNA3C. The induced type I IFNs inhibit EBV entry and the proliferation of latently EBV-transformed B cells but do not influence lytic reactivation of the virus in vitro. In vivo, exogenous IFN-α14 and IFN-α17, as well as pDC expansion, delay EBV infection and the resulting CD8+ T-cell expansion, but pDC depletion does not significantly influence EBV infection. Thus, consistent with the observation that primary immunodeficiencies compromising type I IFN responses affect only alpha- and beta-herpesvirus infections, we found that EBV elicits pDC responses that transiently suppress viral replication and attenuate CD8+ T-cell expansion but are not required to control primary infection.
Randomised controlled trial comparing narrative exposure therapy with present-centred therapy for older patients with post-traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Lely J.C.G. , Knipscheer J.W. , Moerbeek M. , ter Heide F.J.J. , van den Bout J. , Kleber R.J. 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundEvidence-based treatment and age-specific services are required to address the needs of trauma-affected older populations. Narrative exposure therapy (NET) may present an appropriate treatment approach for this population since it provides prolonged exposure in a lifespan perspective. As yet, however, no trial on this intervention has been conducted with older adults from Western Europe.AimsExamining the efficacy of NET in a sample of older adults.MethodOut-patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), aged 55 years and over, were randomly assigned to either 11 sessions of NET (n = 18) or 11 sessions of present-centred therapy (PCT) (n = 15) and assessed on the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) pre-treatment, post-treatment and at follow-up. Total scores as well as symptom scores (re-experience, avoidance and hyperarousal) were evaluated.ResultsUsing a piecewise mixed-effects growth model, at post-treatment a medium between-treatment effect size for CAPS total score (Cohen's d = 0.44) was found, favouring PCT. At follow-up, however, the between-treatment differences were non-significant. Drop-out rates were low (NET 6.7%, PCT 14.3%) and no participant dropped out of the study because of increased distress.ConclusionsBoth NET and PCT appear to be safe and efficacious treatments with older adults: PCT is non-intrusive and NET allows for imaginal exposure in a lifespan perspective. By selectively providing these approaches in clinical practice, patient matching can be optimised.Declaration of interestNone.
Discordance in Biomarker Expression in Breast Cancer After Metastasis: Single Center Experience in India
Authors: Gogia Ajay , Deo S. V. Suryanarayana , Sharma Dayanand , Phulia Rakesh K. , Thulkar Sanjay , Malik Prabhat S. , Mathur Sandeep 
Published: April 2019

PURPOSE Biomarker—estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/ neu) —discordance plays an essential role in the management and prognosis of patients with metastatic breast cancer. Rates of discordance have been previously reported around 12% to 35%, 30% to 50%, and 5% to 15%, respectively, in Western literature. Data are sparse regarding the same from developing countries, such as India. METHODS We performed an ambispective review of paired biomarker status in patients with breast cancer—stage I, II, and III as per American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition—who developed metastasis at recurrence (N = 103 patients). Biomarker status and clinical and radiologic parameters were documented at baseline and subsequent follow-up. RESULTS Discordance was present in 21.3% for ER, 29.1% for PR, and 15.5% for HER2/ neu receptor. In our cohort, 7.8% had positive to negative ER and 13.6% negative to positive. Whereas 21.4% had positive to negative PR, 7.8% had negative to positive PR. Approximately 6.8% had positive to negative HER2/ neu receptor and 8.7% negative to positive. In our cohort, 41 patients (40%) had single-site metastasis—bone, 15.5%; lung, 11.7%; nonregional lymph node, 7.8%; liver, 3.9%; and brain, 0.97%. More than one site of metastasis was present in 62 patients (60%). The most common sites of metastasis were visceral—lung and liver—followed by bone, nonregional lymph node, skin, and brain. CONCLUSION The current study demonstrated that metastatic disease evolution in breast cancer is characterized by change in the tumor biology, which leads to discordance in receptor status. Repeat biomarker studies at metastatic recurrence is warranted, especially if treatment plans include hormone and targeted therapy.
High-Frequency Stimulation on Skeletal Muscle Maintenance in Female Cachectic Mice
Authors: SATO SHUICHI , GAO SONG , PUPPA MELISSA J. , KOSTEK MATTHEW C. , WILSON L. BRITT , CARSON JAMES A. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
Cancer cachexia, an unintentional body weight loss due to cancer, affects patients’ survival, quality of life, and response to chemotherapy. Although exercise training is a promising intervention to prevent and treat cancer cachexia, our mechanistic understanding of cachexia’s effect on contraction-induced muscle adaptation has been limited to the examination of male mice. Because sex can affect muscle regeneration and response to contraction in humans and mice, the effect of cachexia on the female response to eccentric contraction warrants further investigation.

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to determine whether high-frequency electric stimulation (HFES) could attenuate muscle mass loss during the progression of cancer cachexia in female tumor-bearing mice.

Methods
Female wild-type (WT) and ApcMin/+
(Min) mice (16–18 wk old) performed either repeated bouts or a single bout of HFES (10 sets of 6 repetitions, ~22 min), which eccentrically contracts the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle. TA myofiber size, oxidative capacity, anabolic signaling, and catabolic signaling were examined.

Results
Min had reduced TA muscle mass and type IIa and type IIb fiber sizes compared with WT. HFES increased the muscle weight and the mean cross-sectional area of type IIa and type IIb fibers in WT and Min mice. HFES increased mTOR signaling and myofibrillar protein synthesis and attenuated cachexia-induced AMPK activity. HFES attenuated the cachexia-associated decrease in skeletal muscle oxidative capacity.

Conclusion
HFES in female mice can activate muscle protein synthesis through mTOR signaling and repeated bouts of contraction can attenuate cancer-induced muscle mass loss.
Sex differences in gene expression patterns associated with the APOE4 allele
Authors: Hsu Michelle , Dedhia Mehek , Crusio Wim , Delprato Anna 
Published: April 2019

Background:TheAPOEgene encodes apolipoprotein ε (ApoE), a protein that associates with lipids to form lipoproteins that package and traffic cholesterol and lipids through the bloodstream. There are at least three different alleles of theAPOEgene:APOE2,APOE3, andAPOE4. TheAPOE4allele increases an individual's risk for developing late-onset Alzheimer disease (AD) in a dose-dependent manner. Sex differences have been reported for AD susceptibility, age of onset, and symptom progression, with females being more affected than males.Methods:In this study, we use a systems biology approach to examine gene expression patterns in the brains of aged female and male individuals who are positive for theAPOE4allele in order to identify possible sex-related differences that may be relevant to AD.Results:Based on correlation analysis, we identified a large number of genes with an expression pattern similar to that ofAPOEinAPOE4-positive individuals. The number of these genes was much higher inAPOE4-positive females than inAPOE4-positive males, who in turn had more of such genes thanAPOE4-negative control groups.Conclusions:Profiling of these genes using Gene Ontology (GO) term classification, pathway enrichment, and differential expression analysis supports the idea of a transcriptional role ofAPOEwith respect to sex differences and AD.
Exploring gaps in monitoring and evaluation of male engagement in family planning
Authors: Adamou Bridgit M. , Iskarpatyoti Brittany S. , Agala Chris B. , Mejia Carolina 
Published: April 2019

Background:Male engagement is becoming more common in family planning (FP) strategies and interventions, yet effective monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of this approach lags. This review sought to understand how male engagement in FP is defined, identify gaps in M&E of male engagement and make recommendations.Methods:We conducted key informant interviews and a desk review of peer-reviewed articles and gray literature, including national FP strategies and policies. We then facilitated an online forum with experts in the field of male engagement in FP to provide feedback on our proposed indicators for male engagement in FP to reach consensus on and validate key indicators.Results:Although there is no universal definition of male engagement in FP, the most common definition is the inclusion of men in FP programming as FP clients, supportive partners, and agents of change. The most common approach was engaging men as clients exclusively, followed by engaging men as partners. Few papers reported on programs that engaged men across the full spectrum of the definition. There’s significant variation in the degree to which male engagement in FP is included in M&E, planning, and approaches. Few programs reported findings disaggregated by sex and by contraceptive method, making it difficult to determine the effect of programming on male use of methods. There is a dearth of indicators for measuring male engagement in FP in national strategies and policies. Other gaps are a lack of core indicators for male engagement, qualitative indicators, and indicator reference sheets for many commonly used indicators. Among over 100 indicators being used to monitor and evaluate male engagement in FP, 15 key indicators were identified and validated, with accompanying guidance.Conclusions:As programming for male engagement in FP increases, coordinated efforts should be made to improve the systems that collect, analyze, and use data.
Bayesian evaluation of the performance of three diagnostic tests for Plasmodium falciparum infection in a low-transmission setting in Kilifi County, Kenya
Authors: Mweu Marshal M. , Wambua Juliana , Njuga Fixtan , Bejon Philip , Mwanga Daniel 
Published: April 2019

Background: Central to the successful elimination of Plasmodium falciparum malaria, are tests with superior capability of diagnosing low-density parasitaemias. Empirical evidence on the performance of the commonly available diagnostics (light microscopy (LM), rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)) is needed to better inform case management and surveillance activities within primary health care settings where elimination of falciparum malaria is targeted. The objective of this study was to estimate the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) and predictive values of LM, RDT and PCR tests for P. falciparum infection, while evaluating the effect of specific covariates on the accuracy of the tests. Methods: The study enrolled 1,563 children via a cross-sectional survey for asymptomatic malaria and those presenting with symptomatic malaria to the Ngerenya dispensary, Kilifi County between March and December 2014. A Bayesian latent class model (BLCM) was fitted to the participants’ diagnostic data obtained from blood samples that were screened for the presence of P. falciparum using the three tests. Results: The PCR assay registered a higher Se (97.6% [92.0; 99.7]) than LM (84.0% [74.8; 91.0]) but similar to RDT (92.2% [84.4; 97.0]). However, the assay showed a similar Sp (98.9% [98.2; 99.4]) to both RDT (99.4% [98.9; 99.7]) and LM (99.5% [99.0; 99.8]). Regarding predictive values, the tests yielded statistically similar estimates of Positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV). A serial interpretation of the results of RDT and LM raised the PPVs and NPVs to >98%. Conclusions: LM and RDT tests afford high Se and Sp in a low P. falciparum prevalence setting. A serial combination of the tests assures high PPV and NPV estimates. These elements, coupled with the wide deployment and affordability of the tests, lend the tests useful for guiding clinical care and surveillance activities for P. falciparum within elimination settings.
Fascia iliaca compartment block versus IV morphine for femoral fracture pain
Authors: Williams Jonathan , Laws Samantha 
Published: April 2019

Background: Femoral trauma in the UK is increasing. The fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB) could be a more effective, safer way to ease pain and distress from femoral trauma in the prehospital environment than the current practice of intravenous morphine. Aim: To conduct a systematic review to accumulate evidence concerning prehospital FICB for patients with femoral fracture. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted using the CINAHL, Medline, AMED, PubMed and Embase databases. In addition, a hand search of the Journal of Paramedic Practice and the Australasian Journal of Paramedicine was performed. The search was carried out from 28 March–24 April 2018. Results: Twenty-eight papers were sourced by the methodology, of which four met the inclusion criteria and were subsequently analysed. Conclusion: This review shows that prehospital FICB can be efficacious in a number of prehospital environments and is feasible for a variety of patients with a range of femoral fractures. Additionally, FICB has limited reported adverse side effects in the prehospital environment and would appear to be safe. However, evidence comparing the efficacy of a prehospital FICB to intravenous morphine use for pain management in femoral fractures is limited. This review indicates that more research in this area would be beneficial.
Mathematical modeling and thermodynamic study of copper (II) removal from aqueous solution by Coriandrum Sativum seeds
Authors: Kadiri Lamya , Lebkiri Ahmed , Rifi EL Housseine , Ouass Abdelkarim , Essaadaoui Youness , Lebkiri Imane 
Published: April 2019

Coriandrum Sativum seeds (CSS), were tested as a new eco-friendly adsorbent of copper ions from aqueous solutions. Hence, the effect of the most influencing experimental parameters such as initial concentration of Cu (II) and the temperature was studied upon the adsorption process in order to use its results in following studies. Lagergren pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and Intraparticle diffusion models were used to describe the biosorption kinetics. The adsorption process was also analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models and the maximum monolayer biosorption capacity of CSS was found to be 33,5 mg. g−1 by using the Langmuir model. So as to investigate the thermodynamic properties of the adsorption process, the Gibbs free energy (ΔG°), enthalpy (ΔH°), and entropy (ΔS°) values in the temperature range of 25-55C° were also calculated in order to conclude the process characteristics. SEM and EDAX analysis were effectuated in order to study the surface morphology of CSS before and after the adsorption process.
Portfolio jako narzędzie kształcenia refleksyjności przyszłych nauczycieli języków obcych
Authors: Witkowska Magdalena 
Published: April 2019

Being a reflective teacher is a highly appreciated quality of a good teacher. Reflection is considered to be essential in the job of teaching since it prompts to modify and improve the process of teaching and learning. As experts suggest reflective skills can be practiced and developed due to various teacher education models, programs and techniques. One of the techniques is a teacher portfolio that can consist of many tasks provoking teachers and teacher-trainees to reflect on their teaching. This article presents some research on the content of English teacher-trainees’ reflection and their metareflection. The research outcome provides some knowledge of what they reflect upon, if they do at all, and whether they perceive reflectionas valuable in the process of learning teaching.
Noise Reduction Using Modified Wiener Filter in Digital Hearing Aid for Speech Signal Enhancement
Authors: Kumar Madam Aravind , Chari Kamsali Manjunatha 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Speech signals are usually affected by noises during the communication process. For suppressing the noise signal that is combined with the speech signal, a Wiener filter is adapted in digital hearing aids. Weiner filter plays an important role in noise suppression and enhancement by estimating the relation between the power spectra of the noise-affected speech signal and the noise signal. Power consumption and the hardware requirement are the important problems in adapting Weiner filter for major communication systems. In this work, we implemented an efficient Wiener filter and applied it for noise suppression along with a real-valued fast Fourier transform (FFT)/real-valued inverse FFT processor in digital hearing aids. The pipelined process was adopted for increasing the performance of the system. The proposed Wiener filter was designed to remove the iteration problems in the conventional Wiener filter. The division operation was replaced by an efficient inverse and multiplication operation in the proposed design. A modified architecture for matrix inversion with low computation complexity was implemented. The complete design computation was based on IEEE-754 standard single-precision floating-point numbers. The Wiener filter and the whole system architecture was implemented and designed on a Field Programmable Gate Array platform and simulated to validate the results in Xilinx ISE tools. An efficient reduction in power and area was obtained by adapting the proposed method for speech signal noise degradation. The performance of the proposed design was found to be 50.01% more efficient than that of existing designs.
Performance Analysis of Duobinary and AMI Techniques Using LG Modes in Hybrid MDM-WDM-FSO Transmission System
Authors: Zhou Zhenlei , Li Erkai , Zhang Haiguang 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This work is focused on transmission of duobinary and alternate mark inversion (AMI) modulation, adopting mode division multiplexing (MDM) of Laguerre Gaussian (LG) modes has been capitalized in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system, resulting in a 1.6 Gbps eight-channel free space optical communications (FSO) system. The simulation results show that duobinary offers better bit error rate (BER) performance compared to AMI for proposed hybrid MDM-WDM-FSO system.
Phase Transformations «Amorphization ↔ Crystallization» In Metallic Materials Induced by Severe Plastic Deformation
Authors: Sundeev R.V. , Glezer A. M. , Shalimova A. V. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In this review we are considered systematically the phenomenon of deformation-induced phase transformations from crystalline intermetallic compounds and complex phases to amorphous state and vice versa phase transformations from amorphous state to crystalline one upon severe plastic deformation at different temperatures. The nature and structural features of these transitions essentially for high pressure torsion deformation are analyzed in the frame of basic principles of nonequilibrium thermodynamics. The effects of phase cycling and a stationary amorphous - nanocrystalline state formation at significant deformations is discussed in details.
Stress-Driven Migration of Low-Angle Grain Boundaries Near Crack Tips in Nanocomposites Containing Incoherent Nanoinclusions
Authors: Bobylev S.V. , Galeeva L.-S.D. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Theoretical model describing stress-driven migration of low-angle grain boundaries (GBs) in the vicinity of growing crack in metal matrix nanocomposites with reinforcing (metallic or ceramic) incoherent nanoinclusions is proposed. Using two-dimensional discrete dislocation dynamics approach profiles of migrating GBs are analytically calculated and critical stress for transition into unstable migration mode is found. It is shown that the presence of crack always promotes stress-driven migration and thus grain growth.