bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sorption isotherms and isosteric heat estimation of purple cactus pear (Opuntia stricta) juice embedded in gelatin–maltodextrin matrix
Authors: Castro‐Muñoz Roberto , Nieves‐Segura Nayelli 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMoisture sorption isotherms of microencapsulated juice from purple cactus pear were determined at different temperatures (15, 20, and 30 °C) in water activity (aw) range from 0.112 to 0.976. The experimental data were correlated to GAB, BET, Caurie, Smith, Henderson, Bradley, Kuhn, and Oswin models. The obtained isotherms present a sigmoid shape Type IV. The models of Smith, Kuhn, and Oswin were found as the most suitable (EMR < 10%). The isosteric heat (Qst) decreased with the increase in moisture content obtaining the maximum and minimum values of 14.84 and 5.60 kJ/mol, respectively, for moistures between 10 and 70%.Practical applicationsToday, the food industry is looking for new storage procedures for the preservation of bioactive compounds contained in fruits. Until now, many native Mexican fruits have not been processed in agro‐food industry, for example, purple cactus pear (Opuntia stricta) fruit, which is one of the natural products not widely processed. There is strong evidence that such fruit contains antioxidants, natural pigments, and phenolic compounds. The conservation of the bioactive compounds can be carried out by embedding the juice into a biodegradable matrix. We first propose the encapsulation of the juice through using the gelatin–maltodextrin composite as wall material. Then, the characterization of the dried product by determining the sorption isotherms can be useful to predict the optimum storage conditions, life prediction, and packaging design of this type of products.
The State of Family Research and Social Media
Authors: Dworkin Jodi , Rudi Jessie H. , Hessel Heather 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSocial media has changed the ways we create and consume information, as well as the ways we interact with others. In the current review, findings from the existing literature on family and social media are considered, hypotheses about the ways social media is influencing families now and will do so in the future are proposed, and suggestions for future research to move the field forward are posited. More specifically, the existing literature on family relationships and technology use, as well as the theoretical perspectives that have been used, are overviewed. This review includes literature that emerged from searches using Academic Search Premier, a multidisciplinary database, and PsycINFO, a database focused on behavioral and social science research. Life course theory and a network approach are presented as two complementary perspectives that begin to provide a lens for understanding the complexity of technology use in family systems.
Facial Microfiber Tissue with plant extracts: A new cosmetic concept shows whitening efficacy in Asian volunteers
Authors: Wang Xi , Shu Xiaohong , Gabard Bernard , Huo Wei , Li Li 
Published: August 2018

SummaryBackgroundThe Asian population presents a high incidence of Fitzpatrick skin types III and IV. The management of skin tone is a very important cosmetic issue in these groups. Efficacy check of a new cosmetic concept to achieve skin color lightening arouses great interest.ObjectiveTo estimate the clinical efficacy of a new facial microfiber tissue (FMT) which combines a surface micropeeling technology (due to the structure of the microfibers) with skin whitening cosmetic actives in Asian skin. The FMT is a new concept featuring a dry microfiber tissue loaded with cosmetic actives, which is just wetted with little tap water before use.MethodsA total of 34 females aged 21‐58 years old with Fitzpatrick skin types III and IV were enrolled in this randomized, blank‐controlled trial for 12 weeks. Participants applied FMT on the left or right forearm according to random assignment. At the same time, FMT was used on the face. Skin whitening effects on the forearm and face were evaluated using Mexameter MX18 and Minolta Spectrophotometer CM‐2600d. In addition, assessment by subjects via a self‐evaluation questionnaire was conducted at study end.ResultsThe FMT treatment showed a significant whitening effect mainly on the forearm compared with blank control forearm. Facial whitening was also noted. No adverse reactions were reported during the study.ConclusionThe new cosmetic concept of FMT can be used as an effective and safe whitening cosmetic agent.
Long‐term survival of a patient with malignant transformation of extragonadal endometriosis treated solely with chemotherapy: A case report
Authors: Kondo Eiji , Maki Shintaro , Nii Masafumi , Yoshida Kenta , Tabata Tsutomu , Ikeda Tomoaki 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA 52‐year‐old woman presented to our hospital complaining of genital bleeding and was found to have a 50‐mm vaginal tumor that involved the bladder, rectum, and small bowel and extended to the left pelvic side wall. Her history included a bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy and a total abdominal hysterectomy for fibroids and endometriosis. She had been prescribed estrogen replacement therapy (1.25 mg/day) following the second surgery and continued it for 8 years. The pathology of the vaginal biopsy showed endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Total pelvic exenteration was recommended for complete resection, but she chose chemotherapy (paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 and carboplatin AUC:6). Clinical complete remission was obtained for 11 years. She had a recurrence 11 years later. She was again found to have a 5‐cm vaginal tumor. Surgical excision with upper vaginectomy was performed. The tumor was resected without invasion of the bladder, rectum and small bowel. Histologic examination of the specimen confirmed clear cell carcinoma with endometriosis. Chemotherapy may be the first‐line treatment that can preclude aggressive surgery for malignant transformation of extragonadal endometriosis. However, combined chemotherapy and surgery is necessary for this disease.
The effects of getting a new teacher on the consistency of personality
Authors: Rieger Sven , Göllner Richard , Spengler Marion , Trautwein Ulrich , Nagengast Benjamin , Harring Jeffrey R. , Roberts Brent W. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveIn the present research, we examined the effect of getting a new teacher on consistency in students’ personality measures, including trait and social cognitive constructs.MethodTo test the effect of this kind of situational transition, we analyzed two large longitudinal samples (N = 5,628; N = 2,458) with quasi‐experimental study designs. We used two consistency measures (i.e., rank‐order clations and changes in variance over time) to compare students who got a new teacher with students who kept the same teacher.ResultsMultiple‐group latent variable analyses showed no differences in the rank‐order correlations for the math‐related social cognitive constructs of interest, effort, self‐concept, self‐regulation, anxiety, and the Big Five personality traits. Significantly lower rank‐order correlations were found for some of the German‐ and English‐related social cognitive constructs (i.e., effort measures) for the group of students who got a new teacher. Regarding the changes in variance (over time), we found no systematic differences between groups in both studies.ConclusionsWe found partial support for the idea that social cognitive variables are more susceptible to environmental changes (i.e., getting a new teacher) than the Big Five personality traits are.
Characterization and pathogenicity ofRhizoctoniaspp. isolated from kiwifruit in the Middle and Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey
Authors: Türkkan Muharrem , Erper Ismail , Kılıçoğlu Melike Çebi , Yazıcıoğlu Emine , Özcan Muharrem 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this study, 58Rhizoctoniaisolates were obtained from plants exhibiting symptoms of root and stem rot in kiwifruit orchards in six different provinces in the Black Sea region of Turkey. The isolates were analysed for their cultural characteristics, anastomosis groups (AGs) and subgroups according to nucleotide sequence variations in the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions including the 5.8S gene of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and pathogenicity. Based on ITS1‐5.8S‐ITS2 rDNA sequencing, 52 binucleate (BN)Rhizoctoniaisolates were identified as belonging to AG‐O (17), AG‐L (1), AG‐G (7), AG‐I (1), AG‐A (9), AG‐Fa (9), AG‐Fb (1), AG‐R (3) and AG‐P (4). Of the remaining 6 isolates, three belonged to multinucleate (MN)R.solaniAG 4 HG‐I, one belonged to AG 4 HG‐II, one belonged to AG 5 and one belonged to AG 1‐IB. The sequences of these isolates were aligned and compared with otherRhizoctoniasequences retrieved from GenBank (NCBI), and phylogenetic analysis was used to determine evolutionary relationships among them. All isolates used in the temperature experiments grew between 15–35°C, and their growth was completely inhibited at 5 and 40°C, with a few exceptions. In the pathogenicity tests carried out using 58.6% of the isolates on kiwifruit seedlings, it was determined that there were statistically significant virulence differences among BN and MNRhizoctoniaisolates (p < 0.05). The virulence of BNRhizoctoniaranged from 0.2 to 4.0, whereas that of MN varied from 2.4 to 4.0. Unlike some isolates of AG‐R, AG 4 HG‐II and AG 1‐IB, which had no significant difference between them in virulence, AG‐P and AG 4 HG‐I isolates significantly reduced plant height, shoot and root dry weights and root length when compared to control plants. To our knowledge, it is the first detailed report of AGs of BN and MNRhizoctonia, the causal agent of root and stem rot on kiwifruit in Turkey and in the world.
When Doctors Don't Tie: Hierarchical Medicalization, Reproduction, and Sterilization in Brazil
Authors: Edu Ugo Felicia 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDrawing on ethnographic fieldwork among black women, medical personnel, and activists in Brazil, this article highlights the implications of hierarchical medicalization. I show that the prioritization of particular forms of medicalized contraception for women located differentially in society enables different relations, political positions, and mobility. Denial of a tubal ligation in favor of modern reversible contraceptives, in a context of inequitable distribution, can perpetuate social stratification. This work contributes to literature exploring the complexity of medicalization and its relationship with society via reproduction.
A food synergy approach in a national program to improve the micronutrient status of preschoolers: a randomized control trial protocol
Authors: Roychoudhury Dripta , Nair Krishnapillai Madhavan , Balakrishna Nagalla , Radhakrishna Kankipati Vijaya , Ghosh Sudip , Fernandez Rao Sylvia 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a significant public health issue in India affecting nearly all vulnerable segments of the population. Causes of IDA include low consumption of iron‐rich foods combined with poor iron bioavailability of nonheme iron sources. To date, interventions aimed at correcting IDA focus on increasing iron intake through iron supplementation or fortification strategies. In contrast, dietary diversification is a long‐term sustainable approach to improve bioavailable iron intake. In this context, the inclusion of vitamin C–rich fruits in the regular diet has proven to improve iron absorption, but the effect on iron status is inconclusive. Considering the ongoing national program for preschoolers in India, we designed a cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) to test the hypothesis that inclusion of vitamin C–rich fruit in a regular meal would improve iron absorption and lead to better child iron and micronutrient status, cognitive development, gut health, and growth while reducing morbidity. This paper illustrates a context‐specific framework and activities to design and functionalize an open‐label, three‐arm cluster RCT to test a specific hypothesis. The results of this designed trial should generate evidence to inform policy on the effect of a food‐based intervention on iron status.
Soil drenching of paclobutrazol: An efficient way to improve quinoa performance under salinity
Authors: Waqas Muhammad , Yaning Chen , Iqbal Hassan , Shareef Muhammad , ur Rehman Hafeez , Iqbal Shahid , Mahmood Sajid 
Published: August 2018

Salinity extent and severity is rising because of poor management practices on agricultural lands, possibility lies to grow salt‐tolerant crops with better management techniques. Therefore, a highly nutritive salt‐tolerant crop quinoa with immense potential to contribute for future food security was selected for this investigation. Soil drenching of paclobutrazol (PBZ; 20 mg l−1) was used to understand the ionic relations, gaseous exchange characteristics, oxidative defense system and yield under saline conditions (400 mM NaCl) including normal (0 mM NaCl) and no PBZ (0 mg l−1) as controls. The results revealed that salinity stress reduced the growth and yield of quinoa through perturbing ionic homeostasis with the consequences of overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative damages and reduced photosynthesis. PBZ improved the quinoa performance through regulation of ionic homeostasis by decreasing Na+, Cl−, while improving K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ concentration. It also enhanced the antioxidative system including ascorbic acid, phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase, polyphenol oxidase and glutathione peroxidase, which scavenged the ROS (H2O2 and O2•‐) and lowered the oxidative damages (malondialdehyde level) under salinity in roots and more specifically in leaf tissues. The photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance consequently improved (16 and 21%, respectively) in salt‐stressed quinoa PBZ‐treated compared to the non‐treated ones and contributed to the improvement of panicle length (33%), 100‐grain weight (8%) and grain yield (38%). Therefore, PBZ can be opted as a shotgun approach to improve quinoa performance and other crops under high saline conditions.
Reward enhances cross‐modal conflict control in object categorization: Electrophysiological evidence
Authors: Kang Guanlan , Chang Wenshuo , Wang Lihui , Wei Ping , Zhou Xiaolin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCross‐modal conflict arises when information from different sensory modalities are incompatible with each other. Such conflict may influence the processing of stimuli in the task‐relevant modality and call for cognitive control to resolve this conflict. Here, we investigate how reward modulates cross‐modal conflict control during object categorization. Participants categorized pictures as representing animate or inanimate objects while ignoring auditory stimuli. We manipulated the audiovisual congruency and performance‐dependent reward (reward vs. no‐reward). Behavioral results showed a significant cross‐modal interference effect only in the no‐reward condition, not in the reward condition. Neurally, we found that the frontocentral N2 and theta band oscillations were larger in the incongruent condition than in the congruent condition, but only when there was no reward for performance. The converging behavioral and electrophysiological evidence demonstrates that reward enhances cognitive control in a cross‐modal context and reduces cross‐modal conflict.
Increased stressor‐evoked cardiovascular reactivity is associated with reduced amygdala and hippocampus volume
Authors: Trotman Gavin P. , Gianaros Peter J. , Veldhuijzen van Zanten Jet J. C. S. , Williams Sarah E. , Ginty Annie T. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractExaggerated cardiovascular reactivity to acute psychological stress is associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. The amygdala and hippocampus have been implicated in centrally mediating stressor‐evoked cardiovascular reactivity. However, little is known about the associations of amygdala and hippocampus morphology with stressor‐evoked cardiovascular reactivity. Forty (Mage= 19.05,SD= 0.22 years) healthy young women completed two separate testing sessions. Session 1 assessed multiple parameters of cardiovascular physiology at rest and during a validated psychological stress task (Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test), using electrocardiography, Doppler echocardiography, and blood pressure monitoring. In Session 2, 1 year later, structural MRI was conducted. Brain structural volumes were computed using automated segmentation methods. Regression analyses, following Benjamini‐Hochberg correction, showed that greater heart rate and cardiac output reactivity were associated with reduced amygdala and hippocampus gray matter volume. Systolic blood pressure reactivity was associated with reduced hippocampus volume. In contrast, no associations between diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure, stroke volume, or total peripheral resistance reactivity with amygdala or hippocampus volumes were apparent. Comparison analyses examining insula volume found no significant associations. Some indicators of greater stressor‐evoked cardiovascular reactivity associate with reduced amygdala and hippocampus gray matter volume, but the mechanisms of this association warrant further study.
Improvement in staff compliance with a safety standard checklist in endoscopy in a tertiary centre
Authors: Mason Matthew Charles , Griggs Rebecca Katie , Withecombe Rachel , Xing Eunice Yun , Sandberg Charlotte , Molyneux Matthew Keith 
Published: August 2018

National Health Service England published the National Safety Standards for Invasive Procedures (NatSSIP) in 2015. They mandated that individual trusts produce Local Safety Standards for Invasive Procedures (LocSSIPs), a set of safety standards drawn from the NatSSIP that apply to a particular clinical situation in a given department, for all invasive procedures.The project goal was to design and implement the LocSSIP within the endoscopy department. A draft LocSSIP was produced, and a pilot study conducted to gain initial feedback on its use. Version 1 of the checklist was produced and after approval, rolled out for use within the endoscopy department at ‘time out’ and ‘sign out’. A scoring system was developed that allowed the quality of the performance of LocSSIPs to be assessed and recorded as a ‘compliance score’.After 2 months, an independent observer spent a week assessing use of the checklist, recording completion and a compliance score. Analysis of this data led to a number of changes in performing the checklist, wider multidisciplinary team education and integration of the checklist into existing documentation, before reassessing at 12 months.In 2016, ‘time out’ checks were completed in 100% of cases, but full completion was only observed in 68%. ‘Sign out’ checks were completed in 91% of cases, with full completion in 71%. In 2017, ‘time out’ checks were completed in 100% of cases, with full completion in 85%. ‘Sign out’ checks were completed in 100% of cases, with full completion in 91%.The composite score for compliance in 2016 was 57% increasing to 90% in 2017.In conclusion, stronger departmental leadership, broadening education and integration of the checklist into routine documentation to reduce duplication led to significant improvements in compliance with use of the checklist. Ongoing education and assessment is imperative to ensure that compliance is maintained to ensure patient safety.
Knowledge translation and process improvement interventions increased pain assessment documentation in a large quaternary paediatric post-anaesthesia care unit
Authors: Stocki Daniel , McDonnell Conor , Wong Gail , Kotzer Gloria , Shackell Kelly , Campbell Fiona 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundDue to inadequate pain assessment documentation in our paediatric post-anaesthetic care unit (PACU), we were unable to monitor pain intensity, and target factors contributing to moderate and severe postoperative pain in children. The purpose of this study was to improve pain assessment documentation in PACU through a process improvement intervention and knowledge translation (KT) strategy. The study was set in a PACU within a large university affiliated paediatric hospital. Participants included PACU and Acute Pain Service nursing staff, administrative staff and anaesthesiologists.MethodsThe Plan–Do–Study-Act method of quality improvement was used. Benchmark data were obtained by chart review of 99 patient medical records prior to interventions. Data included pain assessment documentation (pain intensity score, use of validated pain intensity measure) during PACU stay. Repeat chart audit took place at 4, 5 and 6 months after the intervention.InterventionKey informant interviews were conducted to identify barriers to pain assessment documentation. A process improvement was implemented whereby the PACU flowsheets were modified to facilitate pain assessment documentation. KT strategy was implemented to increase awareness of pain assessment documentation and to provide the knowledge, skill and judgement to support this practice. The KT strategy was directed at PACU nursing staff and comprised education outreach (educational meetings for PACU nurses, discussions at daily huddles), reminders (screensavers, bedside posters, email reminders) and feedback of audit results.ResultsThe proportion of charts that included at least one documented pain assessment was 69%. After intervention, pain assessment documentation increased to >90% at 4 and 5 months, respectively, and to 100% after 6 months.ConclusionAfter implementing process improvement and KT interventions, pain assessment documentation improved. Additional work is needed in several key areas, specifically monitoring moderate to severe pain, in order to target factors contributing to significant postoperative pain in children.
Schwann Cells Augment Cell Spreading and Metastasis of Lung Cancer
Authors: Zhou Yan , Shurin Galina V. , Zhong Hua , Bunimovich Yuri L. , Han Baohui , Shurin Michael R. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAlthough lungs are densely innervated by the peripheral nervous system (PNS), the role of the PNS in the progression of lung cancer is unknown. In this study, we report that mouse adult Schwann cells (SC), the principal glial cells of the PNS, can regulate the motility of lung cancer cells in vitro and the formation of metastases in vivo. SCs promoted epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the motility of two lung cancer cell lines by increasing expression of Snail and Twist in tumor cells; blocking of Snail and Twist expression abolished SC-induced motility of tumor cells. SC-derived CXCL5 was responsible for EMT in lung cancer cells, as the inhibition of CXCL5 or its receptor CXCR2 reduced SC-induced expression of Snail and Twist and reduced motility in tumor cells. CXCL5/CXCR2 binding activated the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/Snail-Twist signaling pathway in lung cancer cells, and the PI3K inhibitor blocked CXCL5-dependent phosphorylation of AKT and GSK-3β, reduced expression of Snail/Twist, and limited tumor cell invasiveness. SC conditioning of tumor cells prior to their injection into mice significantly increased the formation of metastases in the regional lymph nodes. In summary, SCs can regulate the CXCL5/CXCR2/PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/Snail-Twist pathway to promote EMT, invasiveness, and metastatic potential of lung cancer cells. Our results reveal a new role of the PNS in the functional organization of the tumor microenvironment and tumor progression.Significance: This study increases our understanding of how nerves and, in particular, specific glial cells, Schwann cells, in the peripheral nervous system, may help promote tumor growth and metastasis. Cancer Res; 78(20); 5927–39. ©2018 AACR.