bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial avoidance of tu‐fish Schizopygopsis younghusbandi for different sounds may inform behavioural deterrence strategies
Authors: Qin XiHuo , Liu Yiheng , Shen Xiujun , Wu Yujiao , Tian Weixin , Liu Yan , Wang Xiaoling , Shi Xiaotao , Liu Guoyong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWater diversions for hydropower and other applications can potentially affect wild fish populations. Although some evidence indicates that acoustic barriers can prevent fish from entrainment into such infrastructures, few studies have been conducted on filtering candidate sound stimuli. Here, the effectiveness of three types of sounds acting as acoustic barriers to prohibit the movement of tu‐fish Schizopygopsis younghusbandi (Regan) was evaluated. The phonotaxic response of the fish to recordings of hissing sound (sound of Chinese alligator Alligator sinensis hissing), outboard motorboat and pile driving noise, compared to control conditions (recordings of ambient riverine noise), was investigated using playback approaches in a fibreglass tank. The tu‐fish reacted to the hissing sound at relatively low sound intensity by exhibiting negative phonotaxis with significantly more responses (F3,79 = 49.590, p < 0.01) and faster swimming (F3,219 = 310.086, p < 0.01) away from the sound source during the 10‐min trials than to control conditions. However, the fish were relatively impervious to the outboard motorboat and pile driving noise even when the sound intensities were increased. These results indicate that the potential use of the hissing sound to manipulate fish behaviour and to help protect them from water diversion structures.
Inorganic carbon promotes photosynthesis, growth, and maximum biomass of phytoplankton in eutrophic water bodies
Authors: Hammer Kathrine Jul , Kragh Theis , Sand‐Jensen Kaj 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

The traditional perception in limnology has been that phytoplankton biomass in lakes is limited by phosphorus, nitrogen, and light, but not by dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) because CO2 can be supplied from the atmosphere. We tested the possibility of carbon limitation of photosynthesis, growth, and biomass accumulation of phytoplankton communities across an alkalinity and DIC gradient (0.15–3.26 mM) in nutrient‐rich freshwater.

During 47‐day long experiments, we measured phytoplankton biomass, organic carbon, calcium, DIC, pH, and oxygen in indoor, constantly mixed mesocosms with either no removal or a 70% weekly removal of the biomass. Photosynthesis was measured in the morning and in the afternoon at high biomass.

Maximum biomass and organic carbon production increased two‐ to four‐fold with DIC, which supported 7% of organic carbon production at low DIC and 53% at high DIC concentration, while atmospheric CO2 uptake supplied the remainder. Weekly biomass removal increased growth rates through improved light conditions leading to enhanced total phytoplankton biomass production at high DIC. Photosynthesis was significantly higher in the morning compared to afternoon due to daily DIC depletion.

We conclude that phytoplankton photosynthesis, growth rate, maximum biomass, and organic carbon production can be markedly carbon limited in eutrophic lake waters. Consequently, lakes of high DIC and pH can support a faster primary production by greater DIC use and chemically enhanced atmospheric CO2 uptake.
Spatial patterns of discovery points and invasion hotspots of non‐native forest pests
Authors: Ward Samuel F. , Fei Songlin , Liebhold Andrew M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimEstablishments of non‐native forest pests (insects and pathogens) continue to increase worldwide with growing numbers of introductions and changes in invasion pathways. Quantifying spatio‐temporal patterns in establishment locations and subsequent invasion dynamics can provide insight into the underlying mechanisms driving invasions and assist biosecurity agencies with prioritizing areas for proactive surveillance and management.LocationUnited States of America.Time period1794–2018.Major taxa studiedInsecta, plant pathogens.MethodsUsing locations of first discovery and county‐level occurrence data for 101 non‐native pests across the contiguous USA, we (a) quantified spatial patterns in discovery points and county‐level species richness with spatial point process models and spatial hotspot analyses, respectively, and (b) identified potential proxies for propagule pressure (e.g., human population density) associated with these observed patterns.ResultsDiscovery points were highly aggregated in space and located in areas with high densities of ports and roads. Although concentrated in the north‐eastern USA, discovery points also occurred farther west and became less aggregated as time progressed. Invasion hotspots were more common in the north‐east. Geographic patterns of discovery points and hotspots varied substantially among pest origins (i.e., global region of pests’ native ranges) and pest feeding guilds. Significant variation in invasion richness was attributed to the patterns of first discovery locations. Data and shapefiles comprising analyses are provided.Main conclusionsUse of spatial point pattern analyses provided a quantitative characterization of the central role of human activities in establishment of non‐native pests. Moreover, the decreased aggregation of discovery points through time suggests that invasion pathways to certain areas in the USA have either been created or intensified by human activities. Overall, our results suggest that spatio‐temporal variability in the intensity of invasion pathways has resulted in marked geographic patterns of establishment and contributed to current macroscale patterns of pest invasion in the USA.
Unmet Acute Treatment Needs From the 2017 Migraine in America Symptoms and Treatment Study
Authors: Lipton Richard B. , Munjal Sagar , Buse Dawn C. , Alam Aftab , Fanning Kristina M. , Reed Michael L. , Schwedt Todd J. , Dodick David W. 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesTo characterize unmet treatment needs in a sample of Migraine in America Symptoms and Treatment (MAST) Study participants using oral, acute prescription migraine medications.BackgroundThe MAST Study is a 2017 study of US adults with migraine that profiles current treatment patterns and identifies and quantifies unmet treatment needs.MethodsCross‐sectional data from an online survey of US adults meeting ICHD‐3 beta criteria for migraine. For inclusion in this paper, respondents self‐reported a history of 3 or more monthly headache days (MHDs) in the past 3 months and at least 1 MHD in the past 30 days, and current use of orally administered acute prescription medication for headache. Three domains of unmet need were identified: inadequate treatment response (ie, inadequate 2‐hour pain freedom, recurrence within 24 hours of initial relief), demanding attack characteristics (rapid onset of attack, headache associated with sleep), and unique patient characteristics (opioid or barbiturate overuse, cardiovascular comorbidity). Sociodemographics, oral medication use, and coexisting conditions and symptoms (ie, level of treatment optimization, psychological symptoms, attack‐related cutaneous allodynia, and migraine symptom severity) were assessed for each domain and by the number of unmet need domains.ResultsOverall, 15,133 respondents met inclusion criteria, 26.0% (3930/15,133) reported current use of oral acute prescription medication to treat headache. Eligible participants had a mean age of 45.0 years, 73.6% [2892/3930] were women and 81.1% [3186/3930]) were White. A total of 95.8% (3765/3930) of respondents had at least 1 unmet acute treatment need; 89.5% (3516/3930) reported demanding attack characteristics, 74.1% (2912/3930) reported inadequate treatment response, and 16.1% (634/3930) presented with unique patient characteristics. Common areas of unmet need were rapid headache onset (65.3% [2567/3930]), moderate to severe disability (55.6% [2187/3930]), inadequate 2‐hours pain freedom (49.0% [1892/3930]), and headache recurrence within 24 hours (38.0% [1493/3930]). An increasing number of unmet treatment need domains was associated with worsening psychological symptoms, attack‐related cutaneous allodynia and migraine symptom severity.ConclusionNearly all MAST Study respondents using acute oral prescription medications for migraine reported at least 1 unmet treatment need. As unmet needs increased, so did coexisting conditions and symptom severity.
Helicobacter pylori‐activated gastric fibroblasts induce epithelial‐mesenchymal transition of gastric epithelial cells in vitro in a TGF‐β‐dependent manner
Authors: Krzysiek‐Maczka Gracjana , Wrobel Tomasz , Targosz Aneta , Szczyrk Urszula , Strzalka Malgorzata , Ptak‐Belowska Agata , Czyz Jaroslaw , Brzozowski Tomasz 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundColonization of the gastric mucosa with Helicobacter pylori (Hp) leads to the cascade of pathologic events including local inflammation, gastric ulceration, and adenocarcinoma formation. Paracrine loops between tissue cells and Hp contribute to the formation of gastric cancerous loci; however, the specific mechanisms underlying existence of these loops remain unknown. We determined the phenotypic properties of gastric fibroblasts exposed to Hp (cagA+vacA+) infection and their influence on normal epithelial RGM‐1 cells.Materials and MethodsRGM‐1 cells were cultured in the media conditioned with Hp‐activated gastric fibroblasts. Their morphology and phenotypical changes associated with epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) were assessed by Nomarski and fluorescence microscopy and Western blot analysis. Motility pattern of RGM‐1 cells was examined by time‐lapse video microscopy and transwell migration assay. The content of TGF‐β in Hp‐activated fibroblast–conditioned media was determined by ELISA.ResultsThe supernatant from Hp‐activated gastric fibroblasts caused the EMT‐like phenotypic diversification of RGM‐1 cells. The formation of fibroblastoid cell sub‐populations, the disappearance of their collective migration, an increase in transmigration potential with downregulation of E‐cadherin and upregulation of N‐cadherin proteins, prominent stress fibers, and decreased proliferation were observed. The fibroblast (CAF)‐like transition was manifested by increased secretome TGF‐β level, α‐SMA protein expression, and its incorporation into stress fibers, and the TGF‐βR1 kinase inhibitor reduced the rise in Snail, Twist, and E‐cadherin mRNA and increased E‐cadherin expression induced by CAFs.ConclusionGastric fibroblasts which are one of the main targets for Hp infection contribute to the paracrine interactions between Hp, gastric fibroblasts, and epithelial cells. TGF‐β secreted by Hp‐activated gastric fibroblasts prompting their differentiation toward CAF‐like phenotype promotes the EMT‐related phenotypic shifts in normal gastric epithelial cell populations. This mechanism may serve as the prerequisite for GC development.
Relevance of individual and environmental drivers of movement of Golden Eagles
Authors: Sur Maitreyi , Duerr Adam E. , Bell Douglas A. , Fisher Robert N. , Tracey Jeff A. , Bloom Peter H. , Miller Tricia A. , Katzner Todd E. 
Published: August 2019

An animal's movement is expected to be governed by an interplay between goals determined by its internal state and energetic costs associated with navigating through the external environment. Understanding this ecological process is challenging when an animal moves in two dimensions and even more difficult for birds that move in a third dimension. To understand the dynamic interaction between the internal state of an animal and the variable external environment, we evaluated hypotheses explaining association of different covariates of movement and the trade‐offs birds face as they make behavioural decisions in a fluctuating landscape. We used ~870 000 GPS telemetry data points collected from 68 Golden Eagles Aquila chrysaetos to test demographic, diel, topographic and meteorological hypotheses to determine (1) the probability that these birds would be in motion and (2), once in motion, their flight speed. A complex and sometimes interacting set of potential internal and external factors determined movement behaviour. There was good evidence that reproductive state, manifested as age, sex and seasonal effects, had a significant influence on the probability of being in motion and, to a lesser extent, on speed of motion. Likewise, movement responses to the external environment were often unexpectedly strong. These responses, to northness of slope, strength of orographic updraft and intensity of solar radiation, were regionally and temporally variable. In contrast to previous work showing the role of a single environmental factor in determining movement decisions, our analyses support the hypothesis that multiple factors simultaneously interact to influence animal movement. In particular they highlighted how movement is influenced by the interaction between the individual's internal reproductive state and the external environment, and that, of the environmental factors, topographic influences are often more relevant than meteorological influences in determining patterns of flight behaviour. Further disentangling of how these internal and externals states jointly affect movement will provide additional insights into the energetic costs of movement and benefits associated with achieving process‐driven goals.
Carabid activity‐density increases with forest vegetation diversity at different spatial scales
Authors: Jouveau Séverin , Toïgo Maude , Giffard Brice , Castagneyrol Bastien , van Halder Inge , Vétillard Fabrice , Jactel Hervé 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
More diverse forests are generally more resistant to insect herbivores. This might be due to positive effects of tree diversity on predation. Although the enemies hypothesis has received conflicting evidence in forest ecosystems.
Carabids were sampled by pitfall trapping in a tree diversity experiment, at the centre of plots ranging from one to five tree species mixtures. The composition and vertical structure of the vegetation was assessed at three scales, in the understorey, in the canopy of the experimental plots, and in the surrounding area of each plot.
None of the tested vegetation variables had an effect on the species richness of carabids. In contrast, the vegetation compositional diversity at the understorey, canopy and surrounding scales had additive and positive effects on the activity‐density of the carabids.
Our findings indicate that more diverse forests can host a higher activity‐density of predatory carabids, as a result of the combined effect of horizontal and vertical vegetation diversity, which might increase both habitat quality and the amount of feeding resources. This highlights the relevance of manipulative tree diversity experiments to identify the ecological filters shaping local carabid communities.
Reporting stAndards for research in PedIatric Dentistry (RAPID): A development protocol
Authors: Jayaraman Jayakumar , Dhar Vineet , Donly Kevin J. , Priya Ekta , Innes Nicola P. T. , Clarkson Jan , Raggio Daniela P. , Childers Noel , Wright Timothy , King Nigel , Nagendrababu Venkateshbabu , Clarke Mike 
Published: August 2019

AbstractReporting guidelines can improve the quality of reports of research findings. Some specialities in health care however require guidance on areas that are not captured within the existing guidelines, and this is the case for Paediatric Dentistry where no such standards are available to guide the reporting of different types of study designs. The ‘Reporting stAndards for research in PedIatric Dentistry’ (RAPID) group aims to address this need by developing guidelines on reporting elements of research of particular relevance to Paediatric Dentistry. The development of RAPID guidelines will involve a five‐phase process including a Delphi study, which is an explicit consensus development method designed and implemented in accordance with the Guidance on Conducting and REporting DElphi Studies. The guideline development process will be overseen by an Executive Group. Themes specific to areas in Paediatric Dentistry will be selected, and items to be included under each theme will be identified by members of the Executive Group reviewing at least five reports of experimental and analytical study types using existing reporting guidelines. For the Delphi study, the Executive Group will identify an international multidisciplinary RAPID Delphi Group (RDG) of approximately 60 participants including academics, Paediatric Dentists, parents, and other stakeholders. Each item will be evaluated by RDG on clarity using a dichotomous scale (‘well phrased’ or ‘needs revision’) and on suitability for inclusion in the Delphi study using a 9‐point Likert scale (1 = ‘definitely not include’ to 9 = ‘definitely include’). The items will then be included in an online Delphi study of up to four rounds, with participants invited from stakeholder groups across Paediatric Dentistry. Items scored 7 or above by at least 80% of respondents will be included in the checklist and further discussed in a face‐to‐face Delphi consensus meeting. Following this, the Executive Group will finalize the RAPID guidelines. The guidelines will be published in peer‐reviewed scientific journals and disseminated at scientific meetings and conferences. All the outputs from this project will be made freely available on the RAPID website: www.rapid-statement.org.
Incidence and risk factors of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in Korean patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Nam Kwangwoo , Park Sang Hyoung , Lee Junghwan , Jo Seokjung , Kim Seon‐Ok , Noh Soomin , Park Jae Cheol , Kim Jin Yong , Kim Jeongseok , Ham Nam Seok , Oh Eun Hye , Song Eun Mi , Hwang Sung Wook , Yang Dong‐Hoon , Ye Byong Duk , Byeon Jeong‐Sik , Myung Seung‐Jae , Yang Suk‐Kyun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackground and AimLittle is known whether routine prophylaxis against Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) is needed in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on immunosuppression, especially in Asian populations. We, therefore, sought to investigate the incidence and risk factors of PJP in patients with IBD in Korea.MethodsWe investigated the incidence of PJP in patients with IBD and compared the characteristics of IBD patients with PJP episodes (IBD‐PJP group) with those of matched controls (IBD‐only group) using a large, well‐characterized referral center‐based cohort.ResultsAmong the 6803 IBD patients (3171 with Crohn's disease and 3632 with ulcerative colitis) enrolled in the Asan IBD Registry between June 1989 and December 2016, six patients (0.09%) were diagnosed with PJP. During the 57 776.0 patient‐years of follow‐up (median 7.2 years per patient), the incidence of PJP was 10.4 cases per 100 000 person‐years, and none of these patients had received PJP prophylaxis. In case–control analysis, the IBD‐PJP group (n = 6) showed significantly higher C‐reactive protein level at diagnosis of IBD (P = 0.006), as well as higher exposure to corticosteroids (P = 0.017), than did controls (n = 24). In addition, the IBD‐PJP group showed higher rates of double (50% vs 12.5%) or triple (33.3% vs 4.2%) immunosuppression than did controls, although these are not statistically significant.ConclusionsAlthough the incidence of PJP in Korean patients with IBD is low, careful monitoring is necessary for the early detection of PJP. In addition to the patients receiving double or triple immunosuppression, PJP prophylaxis should be considered especially in patients with severe disease activities requiring corticosteroids.
The Impact of Self‐Reported Vision and Hearing Impairment on Health Expectancy
Authors: Tareque Md. Ismail , Chan Angelique , Saito Yasuhiko , Ma Stefan , Malhotra Rahul 
Published: August 2019

OBJECTIVESVision and hearing impairment may impact both life expectancy (LE) and health expectancy, that is, duration of life with and without health problems, among older adults. We examined the impact of self‐reported vision and hearing impairment on years of life with and without limitation in physical function and in activities of daily living (ADLs).DESIGNLife table analysis, using a nationally representative longitudinal survey of community‐dwelling older adults aged 60 years or older, Panel on Health and Ageing of Singaporean Elderly.SETTINGSingapore.PARTICIPANTSSurvey participants (n = 3452) who were interviewed in 2009 and followed up in 2011‐2012 and 2015.MEASUREMENTSParticipants reporting difficulty with any of nine tasks involving upper or lower extremities were considered to have a limitation in physical function. Those reporting health‐related difficulty with any of six basic ADLs or seven instrumental ADLs were considered to have a limitation in ADLs. We used the multistate life table method with a microsimulation approach to estimate health expectancy, considering self‐reported sensory impairment status as time varying.RESULTSEither or both impairments, vs neither, were associated with less years without limitation in physical function and in ADLs and more years with limitation in physical function and in ADLs, with the greatest impact on health expectancy among those with both impairments, who also had the lowest LE. For example, at age 60, those with both impairments, vs neither, could expect not only shorter LE (4.2 [95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.9‐5.7] less years; 20.7 [95% CI = 18.9‐22.5] vs 24.9 [95% CI = 23.8‐26.0]) but also more years of life with limitations in physical function (3.3 [95% CI = .9‐5.8] more years; 12.8 [95% CI = 10.7‐14.8] [about 61.7% of LE] vs 9.5 [95% CI = 8.4‐10.5] [about 38.0% of LE]).CONCLUSIONTimely and appropriate management of vision and hearing impairment, especially when coexisting, among older adults has the potential to reduce the years of life they live with limitation in physical function and in ADLs. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2528–2536, 2019
Prevalence and predictors of weight loss maintenance: a retrospective population‐based survey of European adults with overweight and obesity
Authors: Evans E. H. , Sainsbury K. , Marques M. M. , Santos I. , Pedersen S. , Lähteenmäki L. , Teixeira P. J. , Stubbs R. J. , Heitmann B. L. , Sniehotta F. F. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of weight loss attempts has increased worldwide, although the extent to which sustained weight loss is achieved is unknown. There is insufficient research into weight loss maintenance (WLM) in individuals with overweight or obesity who have recently lost clinically significant amounts of weight (≥5%), particularly in the European general population. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and retrospective predictors of WLM in population‐based samples of European adults with overweight or obesity who had made a recently completed weight loss attempt.MethodsParticipants (N = 2000) in UK, Denmark and Portugal completed an online survey about loss and regain in their most recent completed weight loss attempt, features of their attempt (duration, self‐weighing, lapses, strategies), as well as loss of control and binge eating. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine factors retrospectively associated with WLM in those who achieved clinically significant weight loss (n = 1272).ResultsMean (SD) self‐reported weight loss was 9% (8%) and mean (SD) regain was 96.3% (9%) of participants' start weight. Twenty‐three percent of the total sample had maintained weight loss of ≥5% for at least 1 month. Controlling for weight loss and time since attempt, predictors of better WLM were avoidance of a temporary lapse, infrequent/absent loss of control and binge eating, and use of a greater number of dietary strategies for WLM (r2 = 0.338, P < 0.001).Principal conclusionsFactors associated with recent successful WLM indicate the importance of the continued use of dietary and other strategies for WLM, particularly in the face of a lapse, as well as the need to manage dysfunctional eating behaviours.