bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postural and muscle responses to galvanic vestibular stimulation reveal a vestibular deficit in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Hatzilazaridis Ioannis , Hatzitaki Vassilia , Antoniadou Nikoleta , Samoladas Efthimios 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOne of the most appealing hypotheses around the aetiopathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis attributes the development of the spine deformity to an imbalance in the descending vestibulospinal drive to the muscles resulting in a differential mechanical pull on the spine during the early life stages. In this study, we explored this hypothesis by examining postural and muscle responses to binaural bipolar galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) of randomly alternating polarity. Adolescents diagnosed with idiopathic scoliosis (n = 12) and healthy age‐matched controls (n = 12) stood quietly with feet together (stance duration 66–102 s), eyes closed and facing forward, while 10 short (2s), transmastoidal, bipolar square wave GVS pulses (0.3–2.0 mA) of randomly alternating polarity were delivered at varying time intervals. Responses depicted in the electromyographic (EMG) activity of bilateral axial and appendicular muscles, vertical reaction forces and segment kinematics were recorded and analysed. Scoliotic patients demonstrated smaller ankle muscle responses and a delayed postural shift to the right relative to controls during anode right/cathode left GVS. When GVS polarity was reversed, patients had a greater soleus short‐latency response on the left anodal side, while the rest of the muscle and postural responses were similar between groups. Vestibular stimulation also evoked greater head and upper trunk sway in scoliotic compared with healthy adolescents irrespective of stimulus polarity. Results provide new preliminary evidence for a vestibular imbalance in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis that is compensated by somatosensory, load‐related afferent feedback from the lower limbs during the latter part of the response.
Large herbivore assemblages in a changing climate: incorporating water dependence and thermoregulation
Authors: Veldhuis M. P. , Kihwele E. S. , Cromsigt J. P. G. M. , Ogutu J. O. , Hopcraft J. G. C. , Owen‐Smith N. , Olff H. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe coexistence of different species of large herbivores (ungulates) in grasslands and savannas has fascinated ecologists for decades. However, changes in climate, land‐use and trophic structure of ecosystems increasingly jeopardise the persistence of such diverse assemblages. Body size has been used successfully to explain ungulate niche differentiation with regard to food requirements and predation sensitivity. But this single trait axis insufficiently captures interspecific differences in water requirements and thermoregulatory capacity and thus sensitivity to climate change. Here, we develop a two‐dimensional trait space of body size and minimum dung moisture content that characterises the combined food and water requirements of large herbivores. From this, we predict that increased spatial homogeneity in water availability in drylands reduces the number of ungulate species that will coexist. But we also predict that extreme droughts will cause the larger, water‐dependent grazers as wildebeest, zebra and buffalo–dominant species in savanna ecosystems – to be replaced by smaller, less water‐dependent species. Subsequently, we explore how other constraints such as predation risk and thermoregulation are connected to this two‐dimensional framework. Our novel framework integrates multiple simultaneous stressors for herbivores and yields an extensive set of testable hypotheses about the expected changes in large herbivore community composition following climate change.
Getting Better All the Time? An Illustrative Investigation of Multilevel Longitudinal Measurement Invariance Based on School Climate Surveys
Authors: Schweig Jonathan D. , Yuan Kun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSchool climate surveys are central to school improvement and principal evaluation policies. The quality of school climate has been linked both to student achievement and to teacher retention. Oftentimes, policymakers and practitioners are concerned with monitoring change in school climate quality in each academic year. Such applications assume longitudinal factorial invariance—it is presupposed that the surveys are measuring the same things in the same metric at each time point. While there is considerable research examining the validity of inferences based on survey‐derived climate indicators, this research is almost exclusively based on cross‐sectional data. There is little literature describing procedures for gathering evidence of factorial invariance of school climate indicators. This study proposes to adapt existing methods for evaluating factorial invariance in longitudinal designs into multilevel frameworks, and in doing so, articulates a novel method for evaluating longitudinal measurement invariance in school climate research. This technique is illustrated on a widely used school climate survey.
The role of Tetrastichus giffardianus Silvestri (Eulophidae: Hymenoptera) in natural control of Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) (Tephritidae: Diptera) and its temporal abundance in Sudan
Authors: Mahmoud M. E. E. , Mohamed S. A. , Khamis F. M. , Basher M. A. I. , Ekesi S. 
Published: July 2019

Bactrocera zonata is an alien fruit fly which was introduced into Sudan in 2012 and spread throughout the country, severely hampering the production and export of fruit and vegetable crops. Cataloguing indigenous natural enemies of pests, especially parasitoids, is key to successful biological control programmes, to mitigate damage and decrease reliance on insecticides. This study was conducted to determine the parasitoids of B. zonata in two orchards in Gezira State, Sudan from November 2015 to May 2016 and from February to December, 2016 and to determine their role in natural control of the pest. Three parasitoids emerged from puparia of B. zonata, these were: Tetrastichus giffardianus Silvestri (Eulophidae), an Aganaspis sp. (Figitidae: Eucoilinae) and a Psyttalia sp. (Braconidae Opiinae). Tetrastichus giffardianus was the most numerous parasitoid throughout the study period. The mean percentages of B. zonata from guava fruits that were parasitized by T. giffardianus for the whole study period were 13.7% and 13.2% with 3.1 ± 0.3 and 2.8 ± 2.4 parasitoids per puparium at Fadasi and Gazirat Elfil sites respectively. Data on the temporal abundance of T. giffardianus is presented. Strenuous efforts should be considered to involve the reported natural enemies of B. zonata in integrated management programmes for fruit flies in Sudan.
Application of an equine composite pain scale and its association with plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone concentrations and serum cortisol concentrations in horses with colic
Authors: Lawson A. L. , Opie R. R. , Stevens K. B. , Knowles E. J. , Mair T. S. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThis study assessed the application of a modified equine composite pain scale (CPS) and identified the inter‐observer reliability. Associations between CPS scores and the measured concentrations of serum cortisol ([cortisol]) and plasma adrenocorticotrophic hormone ([ACTH]) in horses presenting with colic were determined. The study design was prospective, uni‐centred and observational. The inter‐observer reliability of the adapted CPS was determined for 59 horses hospitalised for a variety of conditions. The associations between CPS, ACTH and cortisol were assessed in a further 49 horses admitted for medical or surgical colic. During hospitalisation, blood samples were obtained each morning and analysed for serum [cortisol] and plasma [ACTH]. Horses were pain scored using the adapted CPS score. Data from the most painful time point (n = 48 horses; n = 48 [cortisol]; n = 44 [ACTH]) and all data time points (n = 49 horses and n = 133 time points) were used for analysis of association between [cortisol], [ACTH] and CPS score. The CPS score inter‐observer reliability was excellent (n = 59 horses; n = 102 pain scores; weighted kappa 0.863). CPS score and [cortisol] were positively associated at the most painful time point (P < 0.001) and at all data time points (P < 0.001). No significant association was found between CPS score and [ACTH]. [ACTH] was associated with [cortisol] (P = 0.034) when all time points were analysed but not when only the most painful point was analysed. The significant correlation identified between CPS score and [cortisol] in medical and surgical colic cases provides physiological validation of pain scores as a marker of underlying stress in horses with colic.
Transient bilateral blindness associated with presumptive idiopathic pachymeningitis in a 22‐year‐old Irish Sport Horse
Authors: McGilvray T. , Berner D. , Beltran E. , Attipa C. , Dunkel B. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryA 22‐year‐old Irish Sport Horse presented following a period of bilateral blindness with subsequent spontaneous resolution. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated features consistent with pachymeningitis. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed increased numbers of basophils, suggestive of an immunologic or neoplastic aetiology. It was suspected that the enlarged meninges led to compression of the optic nerves in the optic canals, causing bilateral blindness. Initial spontaneous remission, as seen in this case, has been reported in human patients with this condition. Pachymeningitis should be considered as a possible cause of cranial nerve deficits, including bilateral and unilateral blindness, in horses.
Creep‐fatigue behaviour of single‐crystal Ni‐base superalloy CMSX‐8
Authors: Estrada Rodas Ernesto A. , Gorgannejad Sanam , Neu Richard W. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe creep‐fatigue behaviour of a lower cost, reduced rhenium Ni‐base superalloy, CMSX‐8, a variant of CMSX‐4, cast in a single crystal was experimentally evaluated over a broad range of conditions, from room temperature to 1100°C, and for two loading orientations: <001> and <111>. The fatigue lives depend on the orientation, cycle type, and temperature. The relative importance of these parameters on influencing the life is identified and discussed. From this understanding, a simple life model is constructed to capture the influence of these broad test conditions. The results are compared with those of the higher Re superalloy, CMSX‐4.
Collection of experimental data for multiaxial fatigue criteria verification
Authors: Morettini Giulia , Braccesi Claudio , Cianetti Filippo , Razavi Nima , Solberg Klas , Capponi Lorenzo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe present paper aims to propose data from incisive multiaxial fatigue experimental tests which results from the analysis of several works within current literature. Approximately 200 experimental datasets have been collected and paired with the widest variety of materials and stress combinations. Furthermore, we carried out a critical analysis of the methods with which said datasets were obtained, also focusing on the kind of tests that were conducted, the type of specimens used, modes of data cataloging, and some other aspects which we will further analyze during the discussion. We will only refer to data which come from primary sources, avoiding data transcription errors. We thus created a unified data collection useful for all multiaxial reduction methods verification for ductile materials.
Food intake assessment in acutely ill older internal medicine patients
Authors: Tonkikh Orly , Shadmi Efrat , Zisberg Anna 
Published: July 2019

AimPoor food intake is a major concern among hospitalized older adults. This study investigated the frequency and optimal timing of in‐hospital food intake assessment in terms of its ability to predict hospitalization functional outcomes.MethodsSecondary analysis of a cohort study of 699 older adults (age ≥70 years) admitted to internal medicine wards for non‐disabling conditions was carried out. Daily food intake was assessed using self‐reported estimation of portions consumed at each meal and calculated according to the caloric composition of the meals. Nutritional status on admission, baseline and discharge activities of daily living, and cognitive status were assessed using validated questionnaires. Repeated measures analysis of variance (n = 263) and multiple logistic regression models (n = 475) for predicting activities of daily living and cognitive decline were used to establish required frequency and optimal timing of food‐intake monitoring.ResultsMean daily intake significantly increased from the first 48 h from admission (0.51 ± 0.30) to the second and third assessments (0.62 ± 0.30 and 0.63 ± 0.30, respectively). Eating half or less of the served meals both within the first 48 h of admission and after 48 h was associated with higher odds of cognitive decline (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.27–2.94; OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.04–2.51, respectively). Low intake after 48 h of admission was associated with higher odds of activities of daily living decline (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.03–2.67).ConclusionsFood intake increases from the first 48 h of admission onwards and becomes more consistent 3 days after admission. The associations between low food intake at various time points and worse functional outcomes show the importance of routine food intake monitoring for at least 3 days. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 890–895.
The relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and depressive symptoms in the general population in China: The TCLSIH cohort study
Authors: Gu Yeqing , Zheng Lixiao , Kumari Shubham , Zhang Qing , Liu Li , Meng Ge , Wu Hongmei , Bao Xue , Yao Zhanxin , Sun Shaomei , Wang Xing , Zhou Ming , Jia Qiyu , Song Kun , Niu Kaijun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundDepressive symptoms are a common, debilitating, and costly public health issue. Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection cause changes in the normal physiological state of the gastrointestinal (GI) flora. Although the physiological state of the GI tract is closely related to mental disorders, few population studies have examined the relationship between H pylori infection and depressive symptoms in the general population. The aim of this study was to examine whether H pylori infection is related to depressive symptoms among the general adult population.Materials and MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 5558 inhabitants of Tianjin, China. H pylori infection was diagnosed with the carbon 13 breath test. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Chinese version of 20‐item Self‐rating Depression Scale (SDS) with three cutoffs (45, 48, and 50) to indicate elevated depressive symptoms. Multiple logistic regression analysis were conducted to assess the association between H pylori infection and depressive symptoms.ResultsThe prevalence of depressive symptoms (SDS ≥ 45) was 12.7% in men and 17.4% in women. In multivariable models, the odds ratios and 95% confidence interval of having depressive symptoms by H pylori infection were 1.25 (1.01‐1.56), 1.46 (1.11‐1.91), and 1.46 (1.05‐2.06) for three cutoffs: 45, 48, and 50 in women. However, no significant difference was found between H pylori infection and depressive symptoms in men.ConclusionsThis study firstly suggested that H pylori infection was related to depressive symptoms in women in the general adult population. Further prospective studies or randomized trials are required to clarify the causality.
Effects of physical activity counselling in women with systemic lupus erythematosus: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wu Mei‐Ling , Tsai Jen‐Chen , Yu Kuang‐Hui , Chen Jin‐Jong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundLow physical activity is common in systemic lupus erythematosus populations.AimTo evaluate the effect of physical activity counselling on physical activity and the association between physical activity changes and changes in fatigue, quality of sleep, and quality of life in women with systemic lupus erythematosus.MethodsA randomized, controlled, single‐blind trial was conducted from March 2015 to August 2016. Seventy‐six women with systemic lupus erythematosus were randomly assigned to the intervention or control groups. The intervention group received three sessions of physical activity counselling at 1, 4, and 8 weeks and three telephone follow‐ups over 13 weeks. Outcome measures, which include daily steps, fatigue, quality of sleep, and the quality of life, were collected at baseline and 8 and 12 weeks.ResultsThe study showed that daily steps, quality of sleep, and vitality in the intervention group were significantly improved compared with those in the control group at weeks 8 and 12. Mental health was significantly improved only at week 8 in the counselling group. A positive correlation between physical activity changes and changes in vitality and mental health was observed.ConclusionsPhysical activity counselling can improve physical activity. As physical activity increases, systemic lupus erythematosus women feel more energetic and happier.
RIPLET, and not TRIM25, is required for endogenous RIG‐I‐dependent antiviral responses
Authors: Hayman Thomas J , Hsu Alan C , Kolesnik Tatiana B , Dagley Laura F , Willemsen Joschka , Tate Michelle D , Baker Paul J , Kershaw Nadia J , Kedzierski Lukasz , Webb Andrew I , Wark Peter A , Kedzierska Katherine , Masters Seth L , Belz Gabrielle T , Binder Marco , Hansbro Philip M , Nicola Nicos A , Nicholson Sandra E 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe innate immune system is our first line of defense against viral pathogens. Host cell pattern recognition receptors sense viral components and initiate immune signaling cascades that result in the production of an array of cytokines to combat infection. Retinoic acid–inducible gene‐I (RIG‐I) is a pattern recognition receptor that recognizes viral RNA and, when activated, results in the production of type I and III interferons (IFNs) and the upregulation of IFN‐stimulated genes. Ubiquitination of RIG‐I by the E3 ligases tripartite motif‐containing 25 (TRIM25) and Riplet is thought to be requisite for RIG‐I activation; however, recent studies have questioned the relative importance of these two enzymes for RIG‐I signaling. In this study, we show that deletion of Trim25 does not affect the IFN response to either influenza A virus (IAV), influenza B virus, Sendai virus or several RIG‐I agonists. This is in contrast to deletion of either Rig‐i or Riplet, which completely abrogated RIG‐I‐dependent IFN responses. This was consistent in both mouse and human cell lines, as well as in normal human bronchial cells. With most of the current TRIM25 literature based on exogenous expression, these findings provide critical evidence that Riplet, and not TRIM25, is required endogenously for the ubiquitination of RIG‐I. Despite this, loss of TRIM25 results in greater susceptibility to IAV infection in vivo, suggesting that it may have an alternative role in host antiviral defense. This study refines our understanding of RIG‐I signaling in viral infections and will inform future studies in the field.
Overweight/obese children are associated with lower caries experience than normal‐weight children/adolescents
Authors: Guaré Renata Oliveira , Perez Mayra Manoella , Novaes Tatiane Fernandes , Ciamponi Ana Lídia , Gorjão Renata , Diniz Michele Baffi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimTo compare (a) enamel carious (EC) and dentin carious (DC) lesions and (b) caries risk, between normal‐weight (NW) and overweight/obese (OW) children/adolescents.DesignIn this cross‐sectional study, 91 participants aged 6‐12 years were classified according to the body mass index (BMI): NW (n = 50) and OW (n = 41). Caries experience was evaluated using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) with two thresholds: “EC/DC” (ICDAS 1‐3/4‐6) and “DC” (ICDAS 4‐6). Caries risk was determined by the Caries Management by Risk Assessment (CAMBRA) system. A logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association among OW, caries thresholds, and caries risk.ResultsCaries experience was similar for both groups at the “EC/DC” threshold (P = .477) and higher for the NW group at the “DC” threshold (P = .009). For CAMBRA, caries risk classification was similar for both groups (P = .082). The logistic regression showed the OW group was less likely to exhibit radiographically visible proximal carious lesions (odds ratio [OR] of 0.330, P = .019), thick biofilm visible on the tooth surface (OR = 0.360, P = .019), high caries risk (OR = 0.367, P = .039), and moderate‐to‐high caries levels (OR = 0.190, P = .022).ConclusionOW children/adolescents had lower caries experience, at both ICDAS thresholds, and lower caries risk, compared to NW children/adolescents.
LncRNA SNHG6 functions as a ceRNA to regulate neuronal cell apoptosis by modulating miR‐181c‐5p/BIM signalling in ischaemic stroke
Authors: Zhang Xi'an , Liu Zhanhui , Shu Qing , Yuan Shanqi , Xing Zhiguo , Song Jinning 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLong non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in the pathogenesis of brain and neurodegenerative disorders. As far as we know, the functions and potential mechanisms of small nucleolar RNA host gene 6 (SNHG6) in ischaemic stroke have not been explored. This study aimed to examine the functional role of SNHG6 in the ischaemic stroke. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in mice and the oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD)‐induced injury in neuronal cells were applied to mimic ischaemic stroke. TTC staining, quantitative real‐time PCR, cell apoptosis assay, caspase‐3 activity assay, Western blot, RNA immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assay were performed to evaluate the function and possible mechanisms of SNHG6 in the pathogenesis of ischaemic stroke. The results show that SNHG6 expression was significantly increased both OGD‐induced neuronal cells and MCAO model mice. In vitro results showed that inhibition of SNHG6 increased cell viability, inhibited cell apoptosis and caspase‐3 activity in OGD‐induced neuronal cells. Consistently, knockdown of SNHG6 reduced brain infarct size and improved neurological scores in the MCAO mice. Mechanistic study further revealed that SNHG6 functioned as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for miR‐181c‐5p, which in turn repressed its downstream target of Bcl‐2 interacting mediator of cell death (BIM) and inhibiting cell apoptosis. This study revealed a novel function of SNHG6 in the modulating neuronal apoptosis in the ischaemic stroke model, and the role of SNHG6 in the regulating of neuronal apoptosis was at least partly via targeting miR‐181c‐5p/BIM signalling pathway.