bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between trans fatty acid intake and overweight including obesity in 4 to 5‐year‐old children from the INMA study
Authors: Scholz Alexander , Navarrete‐Muñoz Eva Maria , García‐de‐la‐Hera Manuela , Fernandez‐Somoano Ana , Tardon Adonina , Santa‐Marina Loreto , Pereda‐Pereda Eva , Romaguera Dora , Guxens Mònica , Beneito Andrea , Iñiguez Carmen , Vioque Jesus 
Published: April 2019

SummaryBackgroundTrans fatty acid (TFA) intake has been positively associated with obesity in adults, although the evidence in children is scarce. There is growing evidence that TFA of industrial or natural origin may have different effects.ObjectivesWe aimed to explore the association between total, industrial, and natural TFA intake and overweight including obesity in 4 to 5‐year‐old Spanish children.MethodsWe cross‐sectionally analyzed data of 1744 children aged 4 to 5 from the INMA study, a prospective mother‐child cohort study in Spain. We estimated the intake of total, industrial, and natural TFA in grams per day (g/day) using a validated food frequency questionnaire and expressed it as quartiles. Overweight including obesity was defined according to the International Obesity Task Force criteria. We used multiple logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (95%CI).ResultsAfter adjusting for major risk factors, the highest quartile of industrial TFA intake (>0.7 g/day) was positively associated with overweight including obesity (OR 1.57, 95%CI 1.13‐2.21, P trend for quartiles 0.01). No significant associations were observed between natural TFA intake and overweight including obesity.ConclusionsIn 4 to 5‐year‐old Spanish children, higher intake of industrial but not natural TFA was positively associated with overweight including obesity.
Dignity‐based practices in Norwegian activation work
Authors: Ohls Carolina 
Published: April 2019

This qualitative study sought to identify dignity‐based practices in a Norwegian activation programme − the Qualification Programme. Some welfare recipients are likely to experience shame in connection with their interaction with the welfare system. Previous research suggests that a dignity‐based approach could help welfare recipients to avoid such negative experiences. The operational components of dignity have been identified as autonomy, empathy and rights. Data gathered through individual interviews with participants and activation workers were examined using interpretative phenomenological analysis with a focus on exploring respondents’ perceptions of events to which they ascribe meaning. The findings indicate that accounts of empathy were common, but that the study’s participants seldom reported experiencing that their autonomy and rights were enhanced. Participation in the programme appeared to undermine the participants’ dignity, particularly when individual needs were overlooked. An underlying reason could be the current move away from a comprehensive understanding of service users’ different needs and to a narrow focus on employability.
Pharmacological blockade of the CD39/CD73 pathway but not adenosine receptors augments disease in a humanized mouse model of graft‐versus‐host disease
Authors: Geraghty Nicholas J , Watson Debbie , Sluyter Ronald 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAllogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a curative therapy for a number of hematological malignancies, but is limited by the development of graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD). CD39 and CD73 form an ectoenzymatic pathway that hydrolyzes extracellular adenosine 5′‐triphosphate (ATP) to adenosine, which respectively exacerbate or alleviate disease in allogeneic mouse models of GVHD. The current study aimed to explore the role of the CD39/CD73 pathway and adenosine receptor (AR) blockade in a humanized mouse model of GVHD. Immunodeficient nonobese diabetic‐severe combined immunodeficiency‐IL‐2 receptor γnull mice were injected with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and subsequently injected with the CD39/CD73 antagonist αβ‐methylene‐ADP (APCP) (50 mg kg−1) or saline for 7 days, or the AR antagonist caffeine (10 mg kg−1) or saline for 14 days. Mice predominantly engrafted human CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, with smaller proportions of human regulatory T cells, invariant natural killer T cells, monocytes and dendritic cells. Neither APCP nor caffeine altered engraftment of these human leukocyte subsets. APCP (CD39/CD73 blockade) augmented GVHD as shown through increased weight loss and worsened liver histology, including increased leukocyte and human T‐cell infiltration, and increased apoptosis. This treatment also increased serum human IL‐2 concentrations and decreased the frequency of human CD39− CD73− CD4+ T cells. In contrast, caffeine (AR blockade) did not alter GVHD severity or human serum cytokine concentrations (IL‐2, IL‐6, IL‐10 or tumor necrosis factor‐α). In conclusion, blockade of CD39/CD73 but not ARs augments disease in a humanized mouse model of GVHD. These results indicate that CD39/CD73 blockade maintains sufficient extracellular ATP concentrations to promote GVHD in this model.
The use of omalizumab for treatment‐refractory chronic spontaneous urticaria in a West Australian outpatient cohort
Authors: Farrah Georgia , Stevenson Brittany , Lie Katie , Brusch Anna 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThere is a lack of real‐world data on the use of omalizumab in treatment‐refractory chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). A single‐centre retrospective cohort study was performed to assess the efficacy and safety of omalizumab for treatment‐refractory CSU. The overall response rate of 67% is comparable with that reported in the literature. Disease control and sustained remission can be achieved with omalizumab, even in patients with treatment‐resistant CSU.
Review and Comparison of Computational Approaches for Joint Longitudinal and Time‐to‐Event Models
Authors: Furgal Allison K.C. , Sen Ananda , Taylor Jeremy M.G. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryJoint models for longitudinal and time‐to‐event data are useful in situations where an association exists between a longitudinal marker and an event time. These models are typically complicated due to the presence of shared random effects and multiple submodels. As a consequence, software implementation is warranted that is not prohibitively time consuming. While methodological research in this area continues, several statistical software procedures exist to assist in the fitting of some joint models. We review the available implementation for frequentist and Bayesian models in the statistical programming languagesR, SAS and Stata. A description of each procedure is given including estimation techniques, input and data requirements, available options for customisation and some available extensions, such as competing risks models. The software implementations are compared and contrasted through extensive simulation, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses. Data from an ongoing trial on adrenal cancer patients are used to study different nuances of software fitting on a practical example.
Improving species distribution models for invasive non‐native species with biologically informed pseudo‐absence selection
Authors: Chapman Daniel , Pescott Oliver L. , Roy Helen E. , Tanner Rob 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimWe present a novel strategy for species distribution models (SDMs) aimed at predicting the potential distributions of range‐expanding invasive non‐native species (INNS). The strategy combines two established perspectives on defining the background region for sampling “pseudo‐absences” that have hitherto only been applied separately. These are the accessible area, which accounts for dispersal constraints, and the area outside the environmental range of the species and therefore assumed to be unsuitable for the species. We tested an approach to combine these by fitting SDMs using background samples (pseudo‐absences) from both types of background.LocationGlobal.TaxonInvasive non‐native plants: Humulus scandens, Lygodium japonicum, Lespedeza cuneata, Triadica sebifera, Cinnamomum camphora.MethodsPresence‐background (or presence‐only) SDMs were developed for the potential global distributions of five plant species native to Asia, invasive elsewhere and prioritised for risk assessment as emerging INNS in Europe. We compared models where the pseudo‐absences were selected from the accessible background, the unsuitable background (defined using biological knowledge of the species’ key limiting factors) or from both types of background.ResultsCombining the unsuitable and accessible backgrounds expanded the range of environments available for model fitting and caused biological knowledge about ecological unsuitability to influence the fitted species‐environment relationships. This improved the realism and accuracy of distribution projections globally and, generally, within the species’ ranges.Main conclusionsCorrelative SDMs remain valuable for INNS risk mapping and management, but are often criticised for a lack of biological underpinning. Our approach partly addresses this concern by using prior knowledge of species’ requirements or tolerances to define the unsuitable background for modelling, while also accommodating dispersal constraints through considerations of accessibility. It can be implemented with current SDM software and results in more accurate and realistic distribution projections. As such, wider adoption has potential to improve SDMs that support INNS risk assessment.
Induced pluripotent stem cell‐conditional medium inhibits H9C2 cardiomyocytes apoptosis via autophagy flux and Wnt/β‐catenin pathway
Authors: Guo Xiaoling , Gu Xiaohong , Hareshwaree Sohun , Rong Xing , Li Lei , Chu Maoping 
Published: April 2019

AbstractInduced pluripotent stem cell‐derived conditioned medium (iPS‐CM) could improve cell viability in many types of cells and may be a better alternative for the treatment of myocardial infarction. This study aimed to examine the influence of iPS‐CM on anti‐apoptosis and the proliferation of H9C2 cardiomyocytes and investigate the underlying mechanisms. H9C2 cardiomyocytes were exposed to 200 μmol/L hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for 24 hours with or without pre‐treatment with iPS‐CM. The ratio of apoptotic cells, the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (△Ψm) and the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species were analysed by flow cytometric analysis. The expression levels of BCL‐2 and BAX proteins were analysed by Western blot. Cell proliferation was assessed using cell cycle and EdU staining assays. To study cell senescence, senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase (SA‐β‐gal) staining was conducted. The levels of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and glutathione were also quantified using commercially available enzymatic kits. The results showed that iPS‐CM containing basic fibroblast growth factor significantly reduced H2O2‐induced H9C2 cardiomyocyte apoptosis by activating the autophagy flux pathway, promoted cardiomyocyte proliferation by up‐regulating the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway and inhibited oxidative stress and cell senescence. In conclusion, iPS‐CM effectively enhanced the cell viability of H9C2 cardiomyocytes and could potentially be used to inhibit cardiomyocytes apoptosis to treat myocardial infarction in the future.
Genetic and environmental influences on the stability of psychotic experiences and negative symptoms in adolescence
Authors: Havers Laura , Taylor Mark J. , Ronald Angelica 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundPsychotic experiences (PEs) such as paranoia and hallucinations, and negative symptoms (NS) such as anhedonia and flat affect are common in adolescence. Psychotic experiences and negative symptoms (PENS) increase risk for later psychiatric outcomes, particularly when they persist. The extent to which genetic and environmental influences contribute to the stability of PENS in mid‐to‐late adolescence is unknown.MethodsUsing the Specific Psychotic Experiences Questionnaire (SPEQ) twice across ~9 months in adolescence, N = 1,448 twin pairs [M = 16.32 (0.68)] reported experiences of paranoia, hallucinations, cognitive disorganization, grandiosity and anhedonia, and their parents reported on a range of NS. Individuals were split into low‐scoring, decreasing, increasing and persistent groups for each subscale. Frequencies and mean differences in distress, depression traits and emotional problems were investigated across groups. Longitudinal structural equation modelling was used to estimate the aetiological components underlying the stability of PENS.ResultsPhenotypic stability was moderate for all PENS (r = .59–.69). Persistent PENS across 9 months were associated with greater levels of distress (V = 0.15–0.46, for PEs only), depression traits (d = 0.47–1.67, except grandiosity) and emotional problems (d = 0.47–1.47, except grandiosity and anhedonia) at baseline compared to groups with transitory or low levels of PENS. At both ages PENS were heritable and influenced by shared and nonshared environment. Genetic influences contributed 38%–62% and shared environment contributed 13%–33% to the stability of PENS. Nonshared environment contributed 34%–41% (12% for parent‐rated NS). There was strong overlap of genetic and shared environmental influences across time, and lower overlap for nonshared environment. Imperfect stability of PENS was at least partly due to nonshared environmental influences.ConclusionsWhen adolescent PENS persist over time, they are often characterized by more distress, and higher levels of other psychopathology. Both genetic and environmental effects influence stability of PENS.
A digital elevation model based method for a rapid estimation of flood inundation depth
Authors: Manfreda Salvatore , Samela Caterina 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn recent years, the acquisition of data from multiple sources, together with improvements in computational capabilities, has allowed to improve our understanding on natural hazard through new approaches based on machine learning and Big Data analytics. This has given new potential to flood risk mapping, allowing the automatic extraction of flood prone areas using digital elevation model (DEM) based geomorphic approaches. Most of the proposed geomorphic approaches are conceived mainly for the identification of flood extent. In this article, the DEM‐based method based on a geomorphic descriptor—the geomorphic flood index (GFI)—has been further exploited to predict inundation depth, which is useful for quantifying flood induced damages. The new procedure is applied on a case study located in southern Italy, obtaining satisfactory performances. In particular, the inundation depths are very similar to the ones obtained by hydraulic simulations, with a root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) = 0.335 m, in the domain where 2D dynamics prevail. The reduced computational effort and the general availability of the required data make the method suitable for applications over large and data‐sparse areas, opening new horizons for flood risk assessment at national/continental/global scale.
Where periodontitis meets metabolic syndrome—The role of common health‐related risk factors
Authors: Abdalla‐Aslan Ragda , Findler Mordechai , Levin Liran , Zini Avraham , Shay Boaz , Twig Gilad , Almoznino Galit 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo analyse and compare associations between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in periodontitis compared to control patients.MethodsThis 7‐year cross‐sectional study retrospectively analysed medical records of 504 individuals aged 18‐90 who attended the student dental clinic between 2008 and 2014. Demographics, smoking habits, blood pressure, waist circumference, as well as presence of: periodontitis, MetS, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, stroke, heart disease, cancer and psychiatric disorders were recorded.ResultsThe study population composed of 231 (45.8%) males and 273 (54.2%) females, with an average age of 55.79 ± 16.91 years. A patient profile associated with periodontitis was identified and included male sex, older age, smoking, higher smoking pack‐years, abdominal obesity, higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures, the presence of MetS or its components, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes or diseases associated with its consequences such as ischaemic heart disease and stroke.Following multivariate logistic regression analysis, age and smoking retained a significant association with periodontitis, whereas the systemic disorders did not.ConclusionsThe association between periodontitis and MetS may be explained by shared common profile and risk factors. An appropriate risk factors management approach should be adopted by both dental and general health clinicians and health authorities, to control common high‐risk behaviours.
Survey of oral nursing care attitudes, knowledge and practices in a neurorehabilitation setting
Authors: Odgaard Lene , Kothari Mohit 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe provision of oral care is an important fundamental nursing activity. The purpose of the study was to gain knowledge on nursing care professionals´ attitude, belief, knowledge and practice towards oral care in a neurorehabilitation setting. Nursing care professionals (n = 260, response rate: 60%) at neurorehabilitation hospital took part in cross‐sectional web‐based 59‐items survey. Attitudes were cross‐tabulated and compared using Fisher's exact test. Oral care product frequencies were compared between patients with/without eating difficulties using McNemar's test. Most professionals agreed that oral health impacts general health (93%) and poor oral health can cause pneumonia (85%). 41% professionals found it difficult to clean the oral cavity and 12% found it unpleasant. 40% indicated that time allocated for oral hygiene was insufficient, 27% indicated a need for broader range of oral care supplies and >80% would like continuing oral care education. Manual toothbrush and toothpaste were used more than once per shift by >75% in all patients. Swabs, premixed mouth rinse, carbonated water and lip moisturiser were more frequently used in patients with eating difficulties compared to with no eating difficulties. Oral care is perceived as an essential component of care in neurorehabilitation. However, professionals indicated lack of time, need for better supplies and oral care training. The differentiated use of oral care products shows that professionals were aware that patients with eating difficulties have different requirements; however, some oral care practices were inappropriate. The results should be considered while designing oral care guidelines and training.
Maternal Buffering of Adolescent Dysregulation in Socially Appetitive Contexts: From Behavior to the Brain
Authors: Rogers Christina R. , Perino Michael T. , Telzer Eva H. 
Published: April 2019

Adolescents are more susceptible to dysregulation in positive social contexts, compared to children. We investigated whether maternal presence would buffer these effects in adolescence. Fifty‐four adolescents and children (age range = 8–17 years, Mage = 13.38 years) completed a social go‐nogo task during an fMRI scan alone and in the presence of their mother. We found age‐related patterns, such that older relative to younger youth displayed more disinhibition toward socially appetitive than socially aversive stimuli, which was buffered by maternal presence. Furthermore, with age, maternal buffering in socially appetitive contexts elicited heightened activation in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and amygdala–medial prefrontal cortex connectivity. Findings underscore the importance of caregivers in promoting the neural regulation of their offspring during adolescence.
Effect of ureteral stent diameter on ureteral stent‐related symptoms
Authors: Taguchi Makoto , Yoshida Kenji , Sugi Motohiko , Kinoshita Hidefumi , Matsuda Tadashi 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveThis study investigated the correlation between ureteral stent diameter and stent‐related symptoms.MethodsThis study evaluated 17 patients (53 [74.6%] men, 18 [25.4%] women; mean [±SD] age 59.3 ± 14.2 years) who underwent ureteral stent placement before ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URSL) and in whom the ureteral stent tail was positioned inside the bladder without crossing the midline. All stents were Inlay Optima stents. Stent diameter (6 or 4.7 Fr) and length (24 or 26 cm) were chosen at the surgeon's discretion. Patients were classified into two groups (Group 1, 6‐Fr stent; Group 2, 4.7‐Fr stent). Urinary symptoms before insertion of the ureteral stents and the day before URSL were assessed using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS). In addition, patient background and changes in the IPSS and OABSS were compared. Factors affecting ureteral stent‐related symptoms were evaluated using multivariate analysis.ResultsCompared with Group 2, Group 1 had a worse total IPSS (P = 0.02), as well as intermittency (P = 0.009), urgency (P = 0.008), voiding symptoms (Q1 + Q3 + Q5 + Q6; P = 0.046), and storage symptoms (Q2 + Q4 + Q7; P = 0.017) subscores on the IPSS, total OABSS (P = 0.045) and OABSS urgency subscore (P = 0.002). Multivariate analysis revealed that stent diameter was significantly associated with total IPSS (P = 0.007) and OABSS (P = 0.036).ConclusionThis is the first study to show that larger‐diameter ureteral stents induce significantly worse urinary symptoms. Ureteral stents with smaller diameters are recommended to improve ureteral stent‐related symptoms.
Planet Four: Craters—Optimizing task workflow to improve volunteer engagement and crater counting performance
Authors: Sprinks J. , Houghton R. , Bamford S. , Morley J. G. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractVirtual citizen science platforms allow nonscientists to take part in scientific research across a range of disciplines, including planetary science. What is required of the volunteer can vary considerably in terms of task type, variety, judgment required, and autonomy—even when the overall goal is unchanged. Through analysis of our live Zooniverse Planet Four: Craters citizen science platform, the effects of task workflow design factors including volunteer autonomy, task variety, task type, and judgment required on volunteer engagement and crater marking performance were investigated. Website analytics showed volunteers using the Full interface (most autonomy and variety) were more likely to return to the platform, although the amount of time spent per visit was unaffected by the interface used. However, analysis of performance suggested that how this time was used did differ. The interface involving the least complex task resulted in the greatest amount of data and rate of collection, although this also coincided with a greater number of false positives when compared with the expert. Performance in terms of agreement, both between participants and with the expert judgment, was significantly improved when using the Stepped interface for crater position and the Ramped (Mark) when measuring diameter—interfaces that both directly measured the metric with a specific, delineated task. The implications for planetary scientists considering the citizen science route is that there is a balancing act to perform, weighing the importance of volunteer engagement with scientists' data needs and the resources that can be committed to data validation.