bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constraints on Lunar Crustal Porosity From the Gravitational Signature of Impact Craters
Authors: Ding Min , Soderblom Jason M. , Bierson Carver J. , Nimmo Francis , Milbury Colleen , Zuber Maria T. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBased on Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) observations and the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) crater database, we constrain the spatial variations in the Moon's crustal porosity (ϕc) to a depth of several kilometers using the gravity anomalies of 4,864 midsized craters (those with a diameter of 20–100 km). For each crater, we estimated the local ϕc by quantifying the gravitational effects of impact‐induced porosity change and postimpact breccia infill. The crustal porosity model was uniquely determined assuming a global mean ϕc of 12%, although a trade‐off exists between the porosity of postimpact breccia infill and the (preimpact) crustal porosity that results in zero net porosity change underlying the crater floor. At this crustal porosity the effects of impact bulking and compaction compensate each other to yield zero crater residual Bouguer anomaly (RBA), when the effect of postimpact infill is excluded. For lower crustal porosities, bulking dominates to produce a negative RBA; for higher crustal porosities, compaction dominates to produce a positive RBA. Spatial kriging and statistical tests suggest lower‐than‐average ϕc in the western nearside maria and southern South Pole‐Aitken (SP‐A) basin, in contrast to higher‐than‐average values in the southwestern periphery of the nearside maria. Most of the large impact basins, presumably formed before the majority of the midsized craters we analyzed, show reduced porosities relative to their immediate surroundings.
Seasonal Trends in Surface pCO2 and Air‐Sea CO2 Fluxes in Apalachicola Bay, Florida, From VIIRS Ocean Color
Authors: Joshi Ishan D. , Ward Nicholas D. , D'Sa Eurico J. , Osburn Christopher L. , Bianchi Thomas S. , Oviedo‐Vargas Diana 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEstuaries have been recognized as important sources of carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere; however, contributions of these systems to regional and global carbon budgets are not well constrained due to limited information on seasonal and spatial variability. In this study, we use satellite remote sensing to obtain seasonal pCO2 distribution and air‐sea CO2 fluxes in Apalachicola Bay, a national estuarine research reserve located in the northern Gulf of Mexico that receives seasonally varying dissolved organic matter‐rich waters from the Apalachicola River. A combination of time series (2005–2016) and seasonal field observations (2015–2016) of pH and biophysical variables were used to develop seasonal pH‐pCO2 relationships for obtaining surface pCO2 estimates and air‐sea CO2 fluxes from Visible and Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) ocean color data. Monthly and seasonal maps of pCO2 and air‐sea CO2 fluxes showed a general trend of higher fluxes in winter and summer corresponding to high river flow and warm water temperatures. However, CO2 fixation via photosynthesis and low water temperatures contributed to lower fluxes to the atmosphere in spring and fall, respectively. Throughout the study period, Apalachicola Bay was a net source of CO2 with large seasonal and spatial variability and a mean annual CO2 flux to the atmosphere of 3.4 ± 3.1 mol·m−2·year−1 (9.4 ± 8.5 mmol·m−2·day−1), consistent with fluxes reported for other estuaries. This study demonstrates the critical role that satellite observations can play to improve the estuarine contributions to the global carbon flux estimates.
Disentangling Climate and LAI Effects on Seasonal Variability in Water Use Efficiency Across Terrestrial Ecosystems in China
Authors: Li Yue , Shi Hao , Zhou Lei , Eamus Derek , Huete Alfredo , Li Longhui , Cleverly James , Hu Zhongmin , Harahap Mahrita , Yu Qiang , He Liang , Wang Shaoqiang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWater use efficiency (WUE), the ratio of gross primary productivity (GPP) over evapotranspiration (ET), is a critical ecosystem function. However, it is difficult to distinguish the individual effects of climatic variables and leaf area index (LAI) on WUE, mainly due to the high collinearity among these factors. Here we proposed a partial least squares regression‐based sensitivity algorithm to confront the issue, which was first verified at seven ChinaFlux sites and then applied across China. The results showed that across all biomes in China, monthly GPP (0.42–0.65), ET (0.33–0.56), and WUE (0.01–0.31) showed positive sensitivities to air temperature, particularly in croplands in northeast China and forests in southwest China. Radiation exerted stronger effects on ET (0.55–0.78) than GPP (0.19–0.65), resulting in negative responses (−0.44 to 0.04) of WUE to increased radiation among most biomes. Increasing precipitation stimulated both GPP (0.06–0.17) and ET (0.05–0.12) at the biome level, but spatially negative effects of excessive precipitation were also found in some grasslands. Both monthly GPP (−0.01 to 0.29) and ET (0.02–0.12) showed weak or moderate responses to vapor pressure deficit among biomes, resulting in weak response of monthly WUE to vapor pressure deficit (−0.04 to 0.08). LAI showed positive effects on GPP (0.18–0.60), ET (0–0.23), and WUE (0.13–0.42) across biomes, particularly on WUE in grasslands (0.42 ± 0.30). Our results highlighted the importance of LAI in influencing WUE against climatic variables. Furthermore, the sensitivity algorithm can be used to inform the design of manipulative experiments and compare with factorial simulations for discerning effects of various variables on ecosystem functions.
Genomics in neurodevelopmental disorders: an avenue to personalized medicine
Authors: Tărlungeanu Dora C. , Novarino Gaia 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDespite the remarkable number of scientific breakthroughs of the last 100 years, the treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g., autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability) remains a great challenge. Recent advancements in genomics, such as whole-exome or whole-genome sequencing, have enabled scientists to identify numerous mutations underlying neurodevelopmental disorders. Given the few hundred risk genes that have been discovered, the etiological variability and the heterogeneous clinical presentation, the need for genotype—along with phenotype-based diagnosis of individual patients has become a requisite. In this review we look at recent advancements in genomic analysis and their translation into clinical practice.
Whole exome sequencing identifies an AMBN missense mutation causing severe autosomal-dominant amelogenesis imperfecta and dentin disorders
Authors: Lu Ting , Li Meiyi , Xu Xiangmin , Xiong Jun , Huang Cheng , Zhang Xuelian , Hu Aiqin , Peng Ling , Cai Decheng , Zhang Leitao , Wu Buling , Xiong Fu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTooth development is a complex process that involves precise and time-dependent orchestration of multiple genetic, molecular, and cellular interactions. Ameloblastin (AMBN, also named “amelin” or “sheathlin”) is the second most abundant enamel matrix protein known to have a key role in amelogenesis. Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI [MIM: 104500]) refers to a genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous group of conditions characterized by inherited developmental enamel defects. The hereditary dentin disorders comprise a variety of autosomal-dominant genetic symptoms characterized by abnormal dentin structure affecting either the primary or both the primary and secondary teeth. The vital role of Ambn in amelogenesis has been confirmed experimentally using mouse models. Only two cases have been reported of mutations of AMBN associated with non-syndromic human AI. However, no AMBN missense mutations have been reported to be associated with both human AI and dentin disorders. We recruited one kindred with autosomal-dominant amelogenesis imperfecta (ADAI) and dentinogenesis imperfecta/dysplasia characterized by generalized severe enamel and dentin defects. Whole exome sequencing of the proband identified a novel heterozygous C-T point mutation at nucleotide position 1069 of the AMBN gene, causing a Pro to Ser mutation at the conserved amino acid position 357 of the protein. Exfoliated third molar teeth from the affected family members were found to have enamel and dentin of lower mineral density than control teeth, with thinner and easily fractured enamel, short and thick roots, and pulp obliteration. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that an AMBN missense mutation causes non-syndromic human AI and dentin disorders.
Looking at sound: optoacoustics with all-optical ultrasound detection
Authors: Wissmeyer Georg , Pleitez Miguel A. , Rosenthal Amir , Ntziachristos Vasilis 
Published: August 2018

AbstractOriginally developed for diagnostic ultrasound imaging, piezoelectric transducers are the most widespread technology employed in optoacoustic (photoacoustic) signal detection. However, the detection requirements of optoacoustic sensing and imaging differ from those of conventional ultrasonography and lead to specifications not sufficiently addressed by piezoelectric detectors. Consequently, interest has shifted to utilizing entirely optical methods for measuring optoacoustic waves. All-optical sound detectors yield a higher signal-to-noise ratio per unit area than piezoelectric detectors and feature wide detection bandwidths that may be more appropriate for optoacoustic applications, enabling several biomedical or industrial applications. Additionally, optical sensing of sound is less sensitive to electromagnetic noise, making it appropriate for a greater spectrum of environments. In this review, we categorize different methods of optical ultrasound detection and discuss key technology trends geared towards the development of all-optical optoacoustic systems. We also review application areas that are enabled by all-optical sound detectors, including interventional imaging, non-contact measurements, magnetoacoustics, and non-destructive testing.
Digital plasmonic holography
Authors: Nelson Joseph W. , Knefelkamp Greta R. , Brolo Alexandre G. , Lindquist Nathan C. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe demonstrate digital plasmonic holography for direct in-plane imaging with propagating surface-plasmon waves. Imaging with surface plasmons suffers from the lack of simple in-plane lenses and mirrors. Lens-less digital holography techniques, however, rely on digitally decoding an interference pattern between a reference wave and an object wave. With far-field diffractive optics, this decoding scheme provides a full recording, i.e., a hologram, of the amplitude and phase of the object wave, giving three-dimensional information from a two-dimensional recording. For plasmonics, only a one-dimensional recording is needed, and both the phase and amplitude of the propagating plasmons can be extracted for high-resolution in-plane imaging. Here, we demonstrate lens-less, point-source digital plasmonic holography using two methods to record the plasmonic holograms: a dual-probe near-field scanning optical microscope and lithographically defined circular fluorescent screens. The point-source geometry gives in-plane magnification, allowing for high-resolution imaging with relatively lower-resolution microscope objectives. These results pave the way for a new form of in-plane plasmonic imaging, gathering the full complex wave, without the need for plasmonic mirrors or lenses.
Climatic modulation of surface acidification rates through summertime wind forcing in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Xue Liang , Cai Wei-Jun , Takahashi Taro , Gao Libao , Wanninkhof Rik , Wei Meng , Li Kuiping , Feng Lin , Yu Weidong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWhile the effects of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM), a dominant climate variability mode in the Southern Ocean, on ocean acidification have been examined using models, no consensus has been reached. Using observational data from south of Tasmania, we show that during a period with positive SAM trends, surface water pH and aragonite saturation state at 60°–55° S (Antarctic Zone) decrease in austral summer at rates faster than those predicted from atmospheric CO2 increase alone, whereas an opposite pattern is observed at 50°–45° S (Subantarctic Zone). Together with other processes, the enhanced acidification at 60°–55° S may be attributed to increased westerly winds that bring in more “acidified” waters from the higher latitudes via enhanced meridional Ekman transport and from the subsurface via increased vertical mixing. Our observations support climatic modulation of ocean acidification superimposed on the effect of increasing atmospheric CO2.
Optical emission near a high-impedance mirror
Authors: Esfandyarpour Majid , Curto Alberto G. , Kik Pieter G. , Engheta Nader , Brongersma Mark L. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSolid state light emitters rely on metallic contacts with a high sheet-conductivity for effective charge injection. Unfortunately, such contacts also support surface plasmon polariton and lossy wave excitations that dissipate optical energy into the metal and limit the external quantum efficiency. Here, inspired by the concept of radio-frequency high-impedance surfaces and their use in conformal antennas we illustrate how electrodes can be nanopatterned to simultaneously provide a high DC electrical conductivity and high-impedance at optical frequencies. Such electrodes do not support SPPs across the visible spectrum and greatly suppress dissipative losses while facilitating a desirable Lambertian emission profile. We verify this concept by studying the emission enhancement and photoluminescence lifetime for a dye emitter layer deposited on the electrodes.
Quantum confined peptide assemblies with tunable visible to near-infrared spectral range
Authors: Tao Kai , Fan Zhen , Sun Leming , Makam Pandeeswar , Tian Zhen , Ruegsegger Mark , Shaham-Niv Shira , Hansford Derek , Aizen Ruth , Pan Zui , Galster Scott , Ma Jianjie , Yuan Fan , Si Mingsu , Qu Songnan , Zhang Mingjun , Gazit Ehud , Li Junbai 
Published: August 2018

AbstractQuantum confined materials have been extensively studied for photoluminescent applications. Due to intrinsic limitations of low biocompatibility and challenging modulation, the utilization of conventional inorganic quantum confined photoluminescent materials in bio-imaging and bio-machine interface faces critical restrictions. Here, we present aromatic cyclo-dipeptides that dimerize into quantum dots, which serve as building blocks to further self-assemble into quantum confined supramolecular structures with diverse morphologies and photoluminescence properties. Especially, the emission can be tuned from the visible region to the near-infrared region (420 nm to 820 nm) by modulating the self-assembly process. Moreover, no obvious cytotoxic effect is observed for these nanostructures, and their utilization for in vivo imaging and as phosphors for light-emitting diodes is demonstrated. The data reveal that the morphologies and optical properties of the aromatic cyclo-dipeptide self-assemblies can be tuned, making them potential candidates for supramolecular quantum confined materials providing biocompatible alternatives for broad biomedical and opto-electric applications.
PARP2 mediates branched poly ADP-ribosylation in response to DNA damage
Authors: Chen Qian , Kassab Muzaffer Ahmad , Dantzer Françoise , Yu Xiaochun 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPoly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) is a posttranslational modification involved in multiple biological processes, including DNA damage repair. This modification is catalyzed by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family of enzymes. PARylation is composed of both linear and branched polymers of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR). However, the biochemical mechanism of polymerization and biological functions of branched PAR chains are elusive. Here we show that PARP2 is preferentially activated by PAR and subsequently catalyzes branched PAR chain synthesis. Notably, the direct binding to PAR by the N-terminus of PARP2 promotes the enzymatic activity of PARP2 toward the branched PAR chain synthesis. Moreover, the PBZ domain of APLF recognizes the branched PAR chain and regulates chromatin remodeling to DNA damage response. This unique feature of PAR-dependent PARP2 activation and subsequent PARylation mediates the participation of PARP2 in DNA damage repair. Thus, our results reveal an important molecular mechanism of branched PAR synthesis and a key biological function of branched PARylation.
Author Correction: Interfacial photochemistry at the ocean surface is a global source of organic vapors and aerosols
Authors: Brüggemann Martin , Hayeck Nathalie , George Christian 
Published: August 2018

The authors became aware of a mistake in the data displayed in the original version of the paper. Specifically, for the calculation of the total emission estimates (i.e., from an average molecular weight and summed laboratory production values for all VOCs), the authors mistakenly added seasonal estimates to the annual estimates because both values are stored in the same variable of the code. Eventually, this additional sum resulted in a doubling of emission estimates.As a result of this, the following changes have been made to the originally published version of this Article:The fifth sentence of the abstract originally read “Our results indicate global emissions of 46.4–184 Tg C yr–1 of organic vapors from the oceans into the marine atmosphere and a potential contribution to organic aerosol mass of more than 60% over the remote ocean.” In the corrected version “46.4–184 Tg C yr–1” is replaced by “23.2–91.9 Tg C yr-1”The seventh sentence of the second paragraph of the Introduction originally read “We infer global emissions of 65.0–257 Tg yr–1 (46.4–184 Tg C yr–1) of organic vapors from the oceans into the marine atmosphere.” In the corrected version, “65.0–257 Tg yr–1 (46.4–184 Tg C yr–1)” is replaced by “32.5–129 Tg C yr−1 (23.2–91.9 Tg C yr-1)”.The last sentence of the first paragraph of the Results subheading “Marine isoprene emissions from interfacial photochemistry” originally read “In the same way, we infer total emissions of organic vapors from abiotic interfacial photochemistry in the range of 65.0–257 Tg yr–1 (46.4–184 Tg C yr–1), hence, contributing significantly to marine VOC emissions.” In the corrected version, “65.0–257 Tg yr–1 (46.4–184 Tg C yr–1)” is replaced by “32.5–129 Tg C yr−1 (23.2–91.9 Tg C yr−1)”.This has been corrected in both the PDF and the HTML versions of the Article. While the new estimates are lower than previously reported this error does not affect the original discussion or conclusions of the Article. The authors apologize for the confusion caused by this mistake.
Visual and modular detection of pathogen nucleic acids with enzyme–DNA molecular complexes
Authors: Ho Nicholas R. Y. , Lim Geok Soon , Sundah Noah R. , Lim Diana , Loh Tze Ping , Shao Huilin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRapid, visual detection of pathogen nucleic acids has broad applications in infection management. Here we present a modular detection platform, termed enzyme-assisted nanocomplexes for visual identification of nucleic acids (enVision). The system consists of an integrated circuit of enzyme–DNA nanostructures, which function as independent recognition and signaling elements, for direct and versatile detection of pathogen nucleic acids from infected cells. The built-in enzymatic cascades produce a rapid color readout for the naked eye; the assay is thus fast (<2 h), sensitive (<10 amol), and readily quantified with smartphones. When implemented on a configurable microfluidic platform, the technology demonstrates superior programmability to perform versatile computations, for detecting diverse pathogen targets and their virus–host genome integration loci. We further design the enVision platform for molecular-typing of infections in patient endocervical samples. The technology not only improves the clinical inter-subtype differentiation, but also expands the intra-subtype coverage to identify previously undetectable infections.
Light-induced mechanical response in crosslinked liquid-crystalline polymers with photoswitchable glass transition temperatures
Authors: Yue Youfeng , Norikane Yasuo , Azumi Reiko , Koyama Emiko 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEnergy conversion of light into mechanical work is of fundamental interest in applications. In particular, diligent molecular design on nanoscale, in order to achieve efficient photomechanical effects on macroscopic scale, has become one of the most interesting study topics. Here, by incorporating a “photomelting” azobenzene monomer crosslinked into liquid crystalline (LC) networks, we generate photoresponsive polymer films that exhibit reversible photoswitchable glass transition temperatures (Tg) at room temperature (~20 °C) and photomechanical actuations under the stimulus of UV/visible light. The trans-to-cis isomerization of azo chromophores results in a change in Tg of the crosslinked LC polymers. The Tg of the polymer network is higher than room temperature in the trans-form and lower than room temperature in the cis-form. We demonstrate the photoswitchable Tg contribute to the photomechanical bending and a new mechanism for photomechanical bending that attributes the process to an inhomogeneous change in Tg of the film is proposed.
High efficiency planar-type perovskite solar cells with negligible hysteresis using EDTA-complexed SnO2
Authors: Yang Dong , Yang Ruixia , Wang Kai , Wu Congcong , Zhu Xuejie , Feng Jiangshan , Ren Xiaodong , Fang Guojia , Priya Shashank , Liu Shengzhong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEven though the mesoporous-type perovskite solar cell (PSC) is known for high efficiency, its planar-type counterpart exhibits lower efficiency and hysteretic response. Herein, we report success in suppressing hysteresis and record efficiency for planar-type devices using EDTA-complexed tin oxide (SnO2) electron-transport layer. The Fermi level of EDTA-complexed SnO2 is better matched with the conduction band of perovskite, leading to high open-circuit voltage. Its electron mobility is about three times larger than that of the SnO2. The record power conversion efficiency of planar-type PSCs with EDTA-complexed SnO2 increases to 21.60% (certified at 21.52% by Newport) with negligible hysteresis. Meanwhile, the low-temperature processed EDTA-complexed SnO2 enables 18.28% efficiency for a flexible device. Moreover, the unsealed PSCs with EDTA-complexed SnO2 degrade only by 8% exposed in an ambient atmosphere after 2880 h, and only by 14% after 120 h under irradiation at 100 mW cm−2.