bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medical Image Quality as a Socio-technical Phenomenon
Authors: Edwin B. , Mårvik R. , Aanestad M. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Objectives: The study aims to interpret image quality in laparoscopic surgery not only as a technical parameter but also as the result of the situation of use.
Methods: Observational studies of laparoscopy in use, semi-structured and informal interviews with laparoscopists.
Results: When medical images are digitized to exploit novel technical possibilities, image quality becomes a paramount issue. Image quality is often discussed exclusively in technical terms, but the socio-technical study of image quality in surgical telemedicine presented in this paper showed that it is definitely more than a purely technical parameter.
Conclusions: While the resulting quality of the image was significantly shaped by the persons involved, the concept of “quality” itself was also relative and changing with the situation of use. A given technology does not determine image quality. Rather than focusing only on the technical quality, the attention of designers and decision makers should also be directed to the socio-technical network surrounding the image and its use.
Design as Bootstrapping. On the Evolution of ICT Networks in Health Care
Authors: Aanestad M. , Hanseth O. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Objectives: This paper assumes that in addressing major challenges related to telemedicine as networks enabling huge improvements of heath services we need to move beyond complexity and rather focus on the very nature of such networks.
Methods: The results of this paper are based on an interpretive analysis of three case studies involving telemedicine, i.e. broadband networks in minimal invasive surgery, EDI infrastructures and telemedicine in ambulances.
Results and Conclusion: The well-known concept of “critical mass” focuses on the number of users as a significant factor of network growth. We argue however, that we should not only consider the size of the network, but also the heterogeneity of its elements. In order to discuss heterogeneity along several dimensions, we find Granovetter’s and Schelling’s models of diversity in individual preferences helpful. In addition to the heterogeneity of the individual users, we discuss heterogeneity related to use areas and situation, to technologies, etc. The interdependencies and possible conflicts between these dimensions are discussed, and we suggest “bootstrapping” as a concept to guide the navigation/exploitation in/of these dimensions.
Managers See the Problems Associated with Coding Clinical Data as a Technical Issue whilst Clinicians also See Cultural Barriers
Authors: Wells S. E. , Hague N. J. , Thiru K. , de Lusignan S. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Objective: In UK general practice, the coding of clinical data (Read Coding) is far from universal. This study set out to examine the barriers to recording structured information in computerised medical records; and to explore whether managers and clinicians had different perspectives in how these barriers should be overcome.
Method: A qualitative study, using semi-structured interviews of general practitioners, primary care nurses and practice managers. The interviews were recorded verbatim, and then underwent thematic analysis; additional interviews were conducted until thematic saturation was achieved.
Results: For clinicians the recording of structured data within a consultation is not a neutral activity, they are highly aware of diagnostic uncertainty and sensitive to the potential impact of both a correct and incorrect diagnostic label on their relationship with their patient. Clinicians accept that data has to be coded if they are to demonstrate that appropriate evidence based care has been provided to populations; but alongside this they require free-text as a more powerful reminder of the individual human encounter. Managers felt that they could encourage clinicians to code data for re-use as part of population data or as quality target indicators rather than as an enabler of the next consultation. Conclusions: The primary care consultation is a complex social interaction, and coding of the medical diagnosis in itself imposes the bio-medical model, carries assumptions about certainty, and is perceived by clinicians to potentially jeopardise their relationships with their patient. Further research to elicit patients’ views may help clarify the magnitude of this barrier.
Medicine and Aviation: A Review of the Comparison
Authors: Randell R. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Objective: This paper aims to understand the nature of medical error in highly technological environments and argues that a comparison with aviation can blur its real understanding.
Methods: This study is a comparative study between the notion of error in health care and aviation based on the author’s own ethnographic study in intensive care units and findings from the research literature on errors in aviation.
Results and Conclusions: Failures in the use of medical technology are common. In attempts to understand the area of medical error, much attention has focused on how we can learn from aviation. This paper argues that such a comparison is not always useful, on the basis that (i) the type of work and technology is very different in the two domains; (ii) different issues are involved in training and procurement; and (iii) attitudes to error vary between the domains. Therefore, it is necessary to look closely at the subject of medical error and resolve those questions left unanswered by the lessons of aviation.
“We Fill in Our Working Understanding”: On Codes, Classifications and the Production of Accurate Data
Authors: Winthereik B. R. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Objectives: This paper describes differences in the way general practitioners in Denmark, The Netherlands and Great Britain make codes fit into the local conditions under which they work.
Methods: An ethnographic study method has been used to collect data in Dutch, British and Danish general practices.
Results and Conclusions: The paper argues that what counts as “accurate data” is locally constructed. As codes are produced in local networks of human and technological actors, the way accuracy is constructed is dependent on the extra work that is carried out (by actors inside the clinic as well as outside of it). On the basis of differences between coding practices and classification systems the paper discusses how inherent tensions between coding for primary and secondary purposes can be solved. The paper concludes that instead of evaluating data in terms of how accurate they are in general, they should be looked at in terms of pertinence to specific research questions.
Evaluation of Techniques for the Presentation of Laboratory Data: Support of Pattern Recognition
Authors: Hoeke J. O. O. , Bonke B. , van Strik R. , Gelsema E. S. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:Two tabular and two graphical techniques for the presentation of laboratory test results were compared in a reaction-time experiment with 22 volunteers. The experimental setup was designed to determine whether one or more of the presentation techniques facilitated the recognition of four predefined combinations of abnormal test results. Using a conventional, tabular presentation technique as a reference, faster median response times were obtained with each of the other three presentation techniques, irrespective of pattern. The effect on accuracy was less clear, possibly due to the small number of errors made.
Spatio-Temporal Nonlinear Modeling of Gastric Myoelectrical Activity
Authors: Cheung J. Y. , Gao S. K. , Chen J. D. Z. , Wang Z. S. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:The accomplishment of a complete digestive process of human stomach is regulated by a spatio-temporally-coordinated electric pattern called gastric myoelectrical activity (GMA). The normal patterns of GMA present temporal evolution from endogenous rhythmic oscillation to bursting of spikes associated with contractions, and also ordered spatial propagation of the oscillating waves. The abnormal patterns of GMA have been observed in temporal dysrhythmia, such as tachygastria, bradygastria and arrhythmia, and in spatial propagation failure, such as retrograde propagation and uncoupling. Different GMA patterns are associated with different gastric symptoms and there exist some nonlinear mechanisms to govern the formation and dynamic evolution of these patterns. However, these mechanisms are so complex that few of them are known by medical observations. The aim of this study is to explore these mechanisms by spatio-temporal modeling of GMA. The single-cell model simulating the formation process of slow waves and spikes, the multi-cell model simulating the propagation process of GMA and the extracellular model simulating the formation of bipolar recordings are presented.
Analysis of Acceleration Signals using Wavelet Transform
Authors: Tamura T. , Akay M. , Togawa T. , Fukui Y. , Sekine M. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:In this study, we attempted to discriminate the acceleration signal for horizontal level and stairway walking using wavelet-based fractal analysis method. The acceleration signal was measured close to the center of gravity of the body, while the subjects walked continuously in the corridor and up and down the stairs. We used the wavelet-based fractal analysis method to discriminate walking pattern. The parameter H which is related directly to the fractal dimension was estimated by the wavelet coefficient and was changed into low value during walking upstairs. By manually setting the threshold level for individual, it was possible to discriminate walking upstairs from the other walking type. However, the common feature among subjects was not shown between level walking and walking downstairs.
Integration of High Resolution EEG and Functional Magnetic Resonance in the Study of Human Movement-Related Potentials
Authors: Carducci F. , Cincotti F. , Del Gratta C. , Roberti G. M. , Romani G. L. , Rossini P. M. , Babiloni C. , Babiloni F. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:Cortical sources of human movement-related potentials (i.e. unilateral finger extension) were modeled using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMR) data as a constraint of a linear inverse source estimation from highly sampled (128 channels) EEG data. Remarkably, this estimation was performed within realistic subject’s MR-constructed head models by boundary element techniques. An appropriate figure of merit served to set the optimal amount of fMR constraints. With respect to standard linear inverse source estimates, fMR-constrained ones presented increased spatial detail and provided a more reliable timing of activation in bilateral sensorimotor cortical regions of interest.
Event-Related Brain Potentials: Laplacian Transformation for Multichannel Time-Frequency Analysis
Authors: Locatelli T. , Mainardi L. T. , Cursi M. , Comi G. , Cerutti S. , Bianchi A. M. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:During a visual-motor task the movement strategies and the learning processes are investigated. A group of 10 normal young volunteers underwent the experiment. The EEG signal was recorded through the 10-20 acquisition system during the execution of a task after a visual input. Each subject repeated the movement several times in three different conditions: i) without knowledge of the performance; ii) with visual feedback; iii) with knowledge of the result. The signal was transformed through Laplacian operator in order to eliminate the spurious coherence and then time-variant coherence was calculated. Different trends of the coherence function have been evidenced in subjects learning and not learning the better movement strategy. In particular, relations have been found between frontal, central and occipital electrodes in medium and high frequency ranges.
Differentiation of Physiological States under Sensory Deprivation
Authors: Nakao M. , Yamamoto M. , Kimura M. , Iwata K. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:We attempt to differentiate the physiological state during sensory deprivation (SD) from normal sleep and wakefulness in terms of electroencephalogram (EEG) and heart rate variability (HRV) dynamics. KullbackLeibler (K-L) divergence is employed to quantify differences between their state-dependent dynamics. As a result, the dynamics of EEG and HRV during SD are found to be far distant from any representative dynamics of natural states of sleep and wakefulness. However, relatively speaking, the findings in SD can be categorized into two patterns. (a) The dynamics of HRV during SD is similar to that of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and the dynamics of EEG during SD is similar to that of wakefulness. (b) The dynamics of both HRV and EEG during SD are similar to that of REM. Such dissociation between states classified by EEG and HRV dynamics frequently takes place during SD. These findings suggest the peculiarity of the physiological state during the SD distinct from sleep and wakefulness.
Analysis of Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia with Respect to Respiratory Phase
Authors: Kotani K. , Hidaka I. , Yamamoto Y. , Ozono S. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:We evaluated the respiratory modulation of heart rate, i.e., respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), with respect to respiratory phase derived from an analytic signal from the lung volume curve, during spontaneous breathing and paced breathing with different patterns. The magnitudes and waveforms of RSA in the phase domain were similar regardless of breathing pattern, even including spontaneous breathing. An examination of the occurrence of heart beats with respect to the respiratory phase revealed that synchronized patterns recently reported in the literature (Nature 392: 239, 1998) were observed during paced breathing with breath holding periods whereby the respiratory phase advanced more slowly. It was concluded that the phase domain approach might be useful in extracting RSA during spontaneous breathing and for elucidating detailed mechanisms for RSA. However, the use of this technique for studies investigating cardio-respiratory coupling should be approached cautiously, as the results may be influenced by breathing patterns.
EEG/MEG Error Bounds for a Dynamic Dipole Source with a Realistic Head Model
Authors: Muravchik C. , Bria O. , Nehorai A. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:This work presents the background and derivation of Cramér-Rao bounds on the errors of estimating the parameters (moment and location) of a dynamic current dipole source using data from electro- and magneto-encephalography. A realistic head model, based on knowledge of surfaces separating tissues of different conductivities, is used.
Computational Model of DIC Microscopy for Reconstructing 3-D Specimens
Authors: Lanni F. , Kanade T. , Kagalwala F. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:Differential Interference Contrast (DIC) microscopy is a powerful visualization tool used to study live biological cells. Its use, however, has been limited to qualitative observations. The inherent non-linear relation between the object properties and the image intensity makes quantitative analysis difficult. As a first step towards measuring optical properties of objects from DIC images, we develop a model for the image formation process using methods consistent with energy conservation laws. We verify our model by comparing real image data of manufactured specimens to simulated images of virtual objects. As the next step, we plan to use this model to reconstruct the three-dimensional properties of unknown specimens.
Analysis of the Process of Encoding Guidelines: A Comparison of GLIF2 and GLIF3
Authors: Branch T. , Wang D. , Peleg M. , Boxwala A. , Patel V. L. 
Published: March 2018

Summary

Objectives:
This study aims to evaluate the use of a modified version of the Guideline Interchange Format (GLIF), GLIF3, in the translation of clinical practice guidelines into an electronically encoded form such that they may be shared among various clinical institutions and settings.

Methods:
Based on theories and methods from cognitive science, the encoding of two clinical practice guidelines into two guideline modeling methods (GLIF3 and an earlier version, GLIF2) by two medical informaticians was captured on video and transcribed and annotated for analysis.

Results:
Differing in both content and structure, the representations developed in GLIF3 were found to contain a greater level of representational detail and less ambiguity than those developed in GLIF2.

Conclusions:
The use of GLIF3 in the encoding of clinical guidelines offers significant improvements due to its greater formality as compared to earlier versions of GLIF.
Medical Imaging Informatics and Medical Informatics: Opportunities and Constraints
Authors: Kulikowski C. , Bohne A. , Ganser K. , Haux R. , Knaup P. , Maier C. , Michel A. , Singer R. , Wolff A. C. , Ammenwerth E. 
Published: March 2018

Summary

Objectives:
The Yearbook of Medical Informatics is published annually by the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) and contains a selection of recent excellent papers on medical informatics research (http://www.yearbook.uni-hd.de). The 2002 Yearbook of Medical Informatics took as its theme the topic of Medical Imaging Informatics. In this paper, we will summarize the contributions of medical informatics researchers to the development of medical imaging informatics, discuss challenges and opportunities of imaging informatics, and present the lessons learned from the IMIA Yearbook 2002.

Results and Conclusions:
Medical informatics researchers have contributed to the development of medical imaging methods and systems since the inception of this field approximately 40 years ago. The Yearbook presents selected papers and reviews on this important topic.In addition, as usual, the Yearbook 2002 also contains a variety of papers and reviews on other subjects relevant to medical informatics, such as Bioinformatics, Computer-supported education, Health and clinical management, Health information systems, Knowledge processing and decision support, Patient records, and Signal processing.
Subjective Symptoms Acquisition System in a Health Promotion System for the Elderly
Authors: Shibata S. , Ohtuka Y. , Hattori M. , Aoshima T. , Tohyama S. , Uchiyama A. , Kashihara H. , Tamura M. , Tsuchiya A. , Yoshida K. , Sasamori N. , Tanaka Y. ,   Committee of System Development, Council of Japan AMHTS Institutions
Published: March 2018

AbstractA previous report was concerned with the evaluation of quality of life using a Health Promotion System for the Elderly. In the present report, we describe one part of that system: a subjective symptoms acquisition and reporting system.The main purpose of this system is to permit any physician or nurse to uniformly employ questionnaires to acquire accurate subjective symptoms. This system is applied in three steps. First, the subjective answers to 21 questions displayed on a personal computer are obtained. These answers correspond to the basic subjective symptoms. Second, if a basic subjective symptom is “positive”, more detailed questions are automatically generated. Finally, clear sentences regarding subjective symptoms are generated and output as a “finding report”.This information is helpful to physicians and nurses in their health-counseling work. An artificial intelligence (AI) program based on “XpertRule” produces detailed questions which are generated by an interactive questionnaire using branching logical rules.
Significance of Measuring the Quality of Life in Health Evaluation
Authors: Koyama W. , Kohashi N. , Hayashi T. , Iida N. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTo evaluate the QUIK-R, a revised self-completed questionnaire for the quality of life (QOL), and to clarify the significance of measuring QOL in health evaluations, the results of 1,017 office workers were analyzed. The QUIK-R showed a high reliability and a high validity. There were significant correlations between the total score and the subject’s age, sex, smoking habit, sleeping time, and exercise. Forty-two subjects with a good QUIK-R score had poor physical examination results. Our results show the usefulness of the QUIK-R and the importance of measuring the QOL in health evaluations.
Historical Evolution of Preventive Medical Informatics in the USA
Authors: Collen M. F. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA major reorganization of healthcare services is occurring in the United States. It has evolved from the solo- and group-practice models of the 1940s with fee-for-service and insurer-indemnification financing that used paper-based information systems to support preventive medical services. In the 1990s there emerged nation-wide, managed-care plans employing enhanced computer-based information systems with online preventive medical practice guidelines and Internet-supported home-care telemedicine. It is helpful to review how this major reengineering of medicine has come about.
Patient Reports as Stories of Clinical Work: Narrative and Work in Neuroradiology
Authors: Rooksby J. , Kay S. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Objective: This paper describes the connections between the radiology report and clinical work and considers the implications for computerisation.
Method: A story representation is described that allows consideration of the radiology report as an active unit of narrative rather than a passive collection of data. This paper draws upon the results of a qualitative study of a neuroradiology department.
Results and Conclusion: Radiology reports recount a patient condition but also represent and influence clinical work.
Teleconsultation: Rejected and Emerging Uses
Authors: Lehoux P. , Sicotte C. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Objective: The aim of this paper is to analyse telemedicine as a new means to improve health care accessibility.
Method: A case study design was used to understand how medical specialists perceived, made sense of, and appropriated a teleconsultation system.
Results and Conclusions: The technology was used neither in the manner nor to the extent anticipated by its designers. A fundamental modification to the traditional medical consultation process has emerged. Unable to be used as a substitute to the traditional medical consultation process, the teleconsultation system imposes a greater burden on the shoulders of participating physicians who, after a few trials, returned to their traditional mode of practice.
Leveraging Information Technology Towards Enhancing Patient Care and a Culture of Safety in the U.S.
Authors: Garets D. E. , Handler T. J. , Ball M. J. 
Published: March 2018

Summary

Objectives:
To heighten awareness about the critical issues currently affecting patient care and to propose solutions based on leveraging information technologies to enhance patient care and influence a culture of patient safety.

Methods:
Presentation and discussion of the issues affecting health care today, such as medical and medication-related errors and analysis of their root causes; proliferation of medical knowledge and medical technologies; initiatives to improve patient safety; steps necessary to develop a culture of safety; introduction of relevant enabling technologies; and evidence of results.

Results and Conclusion:
Medical errors affect not only mortality and morbidity, but they also create secondary costs leading to dissatisfaction by both provider and patient. Health care has been slow to acknowledge the benefits of enabling technologies to affect the quality of care. Evaluation of recent applications, such as the computerized patient record, physician order entry, and computerized alerting systems show tremendous potential to enhance patient care and influence the development of a culture focused on safety. They will also bring about changes in other areas, such as workflow and the creation of new partnerships among providers, patients, and payers.