bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CD1d-dependent natural killer T cells attenuate angiotensin II-induced cardiac remodelling via IL-10 signalling in mice
Authors: Wang Hong-Xia , Li Wen-Jun , Hou Cui-Liu , Lai Song , Zhang Yun-Long , Tian Cui , Yang Hui , Du Jie , Li Hui-Hua 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Aims
CD1d is a member of the cluster of differentiation 1 (CD1) family of glycoproteins expressed on the surface of various antigen-presenting cells, which is recognized by natural killer T (NKT) cells. CD1d-dependent NKT cells play an important role in immune-mediated diseases; but the role of these cells in regulating cardiac remodelling remains unknown.

Methods and results
Cardiac remodelling was induced by angiotensin (Ang) II infusion for 2 weeks. Ang II-induced increase in hypertension, cardiac performance, hypertrophy and fibrosis, inflammatory response, and activation of the NF-kB and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathways was significantly aggravated in CD1d knockout (CD1dko) mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice, but these effects were markedly abrogated in WT mice treated with α-galactosylceramide (αGC), a specific activator of NKT cells. Adoptive transfer of CD1dko bone marrow cells to WT mice further confirmed the deleterious effect of CD1dko. Moreover, IL-10 expression was significantly decreased in CD1dko hearts but increased in αGC-treated mice. Co-culture experiments revealed that CD1dko dendritic cells significantly reduced IL-10 mRNA expression from NKT cells. Administration of recombinant murine IL-10 to CD1dko mice improved hypertension, cardiac performance, and adverse cardiac remodelling induced by Ang II, and its cardioprotective effect was possibly associated with activation of STAT3, and inhibition of the TGF-β1 and NF-kB pathways.

Conclusion
These findings revealed a previously undefined role for CD1d-dependent NKT cells in Ang II-induced cardiac remodelling, hence activation of NKT cells may be a novel therapeutic target for hypertensive cardiac disease.
Van Gennep Meets Ontological (In)Security: A Processual Approach to Ontological Security in Migration
Authors: Gazit Orit 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis article utilizes van Gennep's neglected theory of territorial passages to answer two key questions in the study of ontological security (OS) in migration. First, why do the members of the receiving society lose their perceived sense of OS in face of a mass of strangers arriving at their gates? Second, how, if at all, do they attempt to reconstitute it while incorporating the strangers into their world? Following the recent call within OS studies in international relations (IR) to spell out the social mechanisms that facilitate the anxiety and uncertainty of the agents, I use the case of the German societal response to the 2015 refugee crisis to demonstrate that van Gennep's classical approach, far from being structural and functionalist, offers an advanced, power-informed, and processual perspective for uncovering a possible sociosymbolic mechanism behind the perceived “losing” and “re-finding” of OS in migratory encounters. The article delineates the principles of a “thick” approach to OS in migration, explains how van Gennep's theory adds to this approach, and highlights the ultimate unattainability of OS as an essentialist category that is either “present” or “absent” throughout the migratory encounter. It concludes by discussing the added value of van Gennep's theory to the study of OS in the contemporary global milieu of the “age of migration.”
VEGF-C sustains VEGFR2 activation under bevacizumab therapy and promotes glioblastoma maintenance
Authors: Michaelsen Signe R , Staberg Mikkel , Pedersen Henriette , Jensen Kamilla E , Majewski Wiktor , Broholm Helle , Nedergaard Mette K , Meulengracht Christopher , Urup Thomas , Villingshøj Mette , Lukacova Slávka , Skjøth-Rasmussen Jane , Brennum Jannick , Kjær Andreas , Lassen Ulrik , Stockhausen Marie-Thérése , Poulsen Hans S , Hamerlik Petra 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Background
Glioblastoma ranks among the most lethal cancers, with current therapies offering only palliation. Paracrine vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling has been targeted using anti-angiogenic agents, whereas autocrine VEGF/VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) signaling is poorly understood. Bevacizumab resistance of VEGFR2-expressing glioblastoma cells prompted interrogation of autocrine VEGF-C/VEGFR2 signaling in glioblastoma.

Methods
Autocrine VEGF-C/VEGFR2 signaling was functionally investigated using RNA interference and exogenous ligands in patient-derived xenograft lines and primary glioblastoma cell cultures in vitro and in vivo. VEGF-C expression and interaction with VEGFR2 in a matched pre- and post-bevacizumab treatment cohort were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and proximity ligation assay.

Results
VEGF-C was expressed by patient-derived xenograft glioblastoma lines, primary cells, and matched surgical specimens before and after bevacizumab treatment. VEGF-C activated autocrine VEGFR2 signaling to promote cell survival, whereas targeting VEGF-C expression reprogrammed cellular transcription to attenuate survival and cell cycle progression. Supporting potential translational significance, targeting VEGF-C impaired tumor growth in vivo, with superiority to bevacizumab treatment.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrate VEGF-C serves as both a paracrine and an autocrine pro-survival cytokine in glioblastoma, promoting tumor cell survival and tumorigenesis. VEGF-C permits sustained VEGFR2 activation and tumor growth, where its inhibition appears superior to bevacizumab therapy in improving tumor control.
Genre and Tradition
Authors: Spelman Henry 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Whereas previous chapters focused on Pindar’s epinicians, this chapter broadens the scope of inquiry to consider Pindar’s other genres and also earlier lyric. First, it turns to Pindar’s fragmentary cultic poetry to see what can be determined about the representations and realities of secondary reception as they relate to genre. The conclusion emerges that, though the rhetoric of permanence is less common outside the epinicians, Pindar’s other genres also aimed to engage audiences beyond their first performance. Next, this chapter turns to earlier lyric in order to investigate how Pindar’s orientation towards a layered public relates to the lyric tradition from which he emerges. It is argued that, while fifth-century professional poets celebrate their literary afterlife with exceptional brio, earlier lyric poets also associated wide and lasting dissemination with poetic excellence.
The Epinician Past
Authors: Spelman Henry 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This chapter explores the beginnings of epinician in history and as represented in Pindar’s odes. We may enrich our understanding of his victory odes by investigating how he presents the past of his genre and situates himself within contemporary practices. Section 1 investigates the historical origins of epinician. Section 2 explores the distant generic past as depicted within Pindar’s poems. It is argued that the poet displays a view of the history of his genre compatible with the broad outlines of modern scholarly consensus. Pindar understood that, on the one hand, he had a relatively novel relationship to his audience as a professional author composing literary epinicians on commission and that, on the other hand, he was continuing a tradition rooted in less sophisticated celebrations. Section 3 offers a reading of Olympian 9, a poem which is interested in many themes discussed in this chapter.
LBE Flows in Disordered Media
Authors: Succi Sauro 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The study of transport phenomena in disordered media is a subject of wide interdisciplinary concern, with many applications in fluid mechanics, condensed matter, life and environmental sciences as well. Flows through grossly irregular (porous) media is a specific fluid mechanical application of great practical value in applied science and engineering. It is arguably also one of the applications of choice of the LBE methods. The dual field–particle character of LBE shines brightly here: the particle-like nature of LBE (populations move along straight particle trajectories) permits a transparent treatment of grossly irregular geometries in terms of elementary mechanical events, such as mirror and bounce-back reflections. These assets were quickly recognized by researchers in the field, and still make of LBE (and eventually LGCA) an excellent numerical tool for flows in porous media, as it shall be discussed in this Chapter.
Entropic Lattice Boltzmann
Authors: Succi Sauro 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The LB with enhanced collisions opened the way to the top-down design of LB schemes, with major gains in flexibility and computational efficiency. However, compliance with the second principle was swept under the carpet in the process, with detrimental effects on the numerical stability of the method. It is quite fortunate that, albeit forgotten, the above compliance did not get lost in the top-down procedure. Entropic LB schemes, the object of the present chapter, explain the whys and hows of this nice smile of Lady Luck.
Lattice Boltzmann for Turbulence Modeling
Authors: Succi Sauro 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This chapter introduces the main ideas behind the application of LBE methods to the problem of turbulence modeling, namely the simulation of flows which contain scales of motion too small to be resolved on present-day and foreseeable future computers. Many real-life flows of practical interest exhibit Reynolds numbers far too high to be directly simulated in full resolution on present-day computers and arguably for many years to come. This raises the challenge of predicting the behavior of highly turbulent flows without directly simulating all scales of motion which take part to turbulence dynamics, but only those that fall within the computer resolution at hand.
Lattice Boltzmann Models for Microflows
Authors: Succi Sauro 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The Lattice Boltzmann method was originally devised as a computational alternative for the simulation of macroscopic flows, as described by the Navier–Stokes equations of continuum mechanics. In many respects, this still is the main place where it belongs today. Yet, in the past decade, LB has made proof of a largely unanticipated versatility across a broad spectrum of scales, from fully developed turbulence, to microfluidics, all the way down to nanoscale flows. Even though no systematic analogue of the Chapman–Enskog asymptotics is available in this beyond-hydro region (no guarantee), the fact remains that, with due extensions of the basic scheme, the LB has proven capable of providing several valuable insights into the physics of flows at micro- and nano-scales. This does not mean that LBE can solve the actual Boltzmann equation or replace Molecular Dynamics, but simply that it can provide useful insights into some flow problems which cannot be described within the realm of the Navier–Stokes equations of continuum mechanics. This Chapter provides a cursory view of this fast-growing front of modern LB research.
Relativistic Lattice Boltzmann (RLB)
Authors: Succi Sauro 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Relativistic hydrodynamics and kinetic theory play an increasing role in many areas of modern physics. Besides their traditional arenas, astrophysics and cosmology, relativistic fluids have recently attracted much attention also within the realm of high-energy and condensed matter physics, mostly in connection with quark-gluon plasmas experiments in heavy-ion colliders and electronic transport in graphene. This chapter describes the extension of the Lattice Boltzmann formalism to the case of relativistic fluids.
Deletion of muscle IGF‐I transiently impairs growth and progressively disrupts glucose homeostasis in male mice
Authors: Vassilakos Georgios , Lei Hanqin , Yang Yun , Puglise Jason , Matheny Michael , Durzynska Julia , Ozery Matan , Bennett Katherine , Spradlin Ray , Bonanno Heather , Park Soohyun , Ahima Rexford S. , Barton Elisabeth R. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTInsulin‐like growth factors (IGFs) are essential for local skeletal muscle growth and organismal physiology, but these actions are entwined with glucose homeostasis through convergence with insulin signaling. The objective of this work was to determine whether the effects of IGF‐I on growth and metabolism could be separated. We generated muscle‐specific IGF‐I‐deficient (MID) mice that afford inducible deletion of Igf1 at any age. After Igf1 deletion at birth or in young adult mice, evaluations of muscle physiology and glucose homeostasis were performed up to 16 wk of age. MID mice generated at birth had lower muscle and circulating IGF‐I, decreased muscle and body mass, and impaired muscle force production. Eight‐wk‐old male MID had heightened insulin levels with trends of elevated fasting glucose. This phenotype progressed to impaired glucose handling and increased fat deposition without significant muscle mass loss at 16 wk of age. The same phenotype emerged in 16‐wk‐old MID mice induced at 12 wk of age, compounded with heightened muscle fatigability and exercise intolerance. We assert that muscle IGF‐I independently modulates anabolism and metabolism in an age‐dependent manner, thus positioning muscle IGF‐I maintenance to be critical for both muscle growth and metabolic homeostasis.—Vassilakos, G., Lei, H., Yang, Y., Puglise, J., Matheny, M., Durzynska, J., Ozery, M., Bennett, K., Spradlin, R., Bonanno, H., Park, S., Ahima, R. S., Barton, E. R. Deletion of muscle IGF‐I transiently impairs growth and progressively disrupts glucose homeostasis in male mice. FASEB J. 33, 181–194 (2019). www.fasebj.org
Medication Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: Basic Research and Clinical Practice for Prevention and Treatment by Ultrasound/Laser Pulsation
Authors: Mikuni-Takagaki Yuko , Hidaka Kouki , Kuroshima Shinichiro 
Published: June 2018

Objective:
The latest survey by Japanese Society of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons suggested that the number of medication related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) patients who received oral bisphosphonate, mostly for postmenopausal osteoporosis, may exceed that by intravenous bisphosphonate for cancer treatment. Consequently, the number of female patients with MRONJ can be 3 times that of male in Japan. The predominance of oral bisphosphonate related cases is more apparent in Korea. MRONJ treatment by laser including that by low level laser (LLLT) is uncommon in Japan partly because of insufficient referrals and collaboration between medical and dental professionals. Here, we evaluated the potential and prospective effectiveness of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) treatment for MRONJ in terms of translational research.

Materials and Methods:
Primary pathophysiology of MRONJ described in the revised position paper (2016) by the allied task force committee of 6 Japanese societies was listed and used as outcome measures to compare the following therapeutic methods: LIPUS, LLLT, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and cellular transplantation in a review of laboratory and clinical (PTH and LLLT) studies.

Results:
Characteristics of periodontal lesions observed in early stages, including periosteal reaction, thickening of lamina dura and persisting alveolar sockets, were all prevented by LIPUS treatment in model rat experiments.

Discussion:
While half of patients diagnosed as stage 0 may have been overdiagnosed, not progressing to later stages, it remains important to diagnose and treat early stage patients to prevent deterioration of their condition. Non-invasive LIPUS treatment prevented all early symptoms of MRONJ and is promising as a preventive measure for MRONJ.
Response of Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts to Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound: In Vitro and In Vivo Analyses Using Goldfish Scales
Authors: Suzuki Nobuo , Taizo Hanmoto , Yoshiaki Tabuchi 
Published: June 2018

Objectives:
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS), which is known as a noninvasive therapy, promotes the repair of bone fractures. Until now, studies of LIPUS have focused on the proliferation and the differentiation of osteoblasts. However, the effects of LIPUS on osteoclasts are still not fully understood. Therefore, we examined the effects of LIPUS on osteoclastogenesis using goldfish scales with both osteoclasts and osteoblasts as a model of bone.

Materials and Methods:
Ultrasound was generated by the Sonic Accelerated Fracture Healing System (SAFHS 4000J; Teijin Pharma, Ltd). Scales were collected from goldfish under anesthesia; they were then treated with LIPUS for 20 minutes, incubated at 15°C for 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours in L-15 medium, and their mRNA expression was measured. Next, the influence of LIPUS on scale regeneration was investigated to confirm the results obtained from an in vitro experiment.

Results and Discussion:
After 6 hours of incubation following LIPUS treatment, RANKL mRNA increased significantly. Resulting from the increased RANKL mRNA level, the expression of transcription-regulating factors significantly increased after 6 hours of incubation, and the mRNA expression of functional genes was significantly upregulated after 12 hours of incubation. However, the mRNA expression of osteoprotegerin, which is known as an osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor, also significantly increased after 6 hours of incubation. Thus, we determined that LIPUS moderately activates osteoclasts via RANK/RANKL signaling and may induce bone formation. Next, we performed an in vivo experiment with goldfish. After 2 weeks of daily LIPUS exposure, the regeneration rate of the LIPUS-treated scales was significantly higher than that of control scales. These data support the hypothesis that LIPUS moderately activates osteoclasts and induces bone formation.
Bone Response to Physical Stimulus From In Vitro to In Vivo
Authors: Naruse Kouji 
Published: June 2018

Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is considered as a type of mechanical stimulus (mechanical stress). When the bone fracture part is treated with a low power ultrasonic pulse, various cells present in the fracture part act as a sensor of the mechanism. It has been reported that the acceptance of mechanical stress is mediated through the cell adhesion factor integrin at the cytoskeleton. Bone response to physical stimulus is different from acceptance of extension (compression) stimulus, which is well-known as mechanical stress acceptance. Accepted information is delivered intracellularly via various intracellular transmission systems and regulates the transcriptional regulatory region of the target gene. The reacted cells act on these stimuli to autocrine, paracrine, differentiation promoting action, cell migration action and the like.
At the fracture site, the fracture healing process as wound healing is progressing, and various cell reactions occur simultaneously or overlapping in time and space. It is thought that when the low power ultrasonic pulse is irradiated, reaction by the above-mentioned mechanical stress occurs in each cell, thereby promoting the overall fracture healing process.
Addressing pediatric intoeing in primary care
Authors: Davis Lauren , Nativio Donna G. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract:
Primary care providers frequently encounter children with an intoed gait. Intoeing is most often a normal variation of development that resolves without treatment. The well-informed primary care NP can identify the small subset who need referral through child and/or family history, physical exam, and identification of red flags.
A Longitudinal Study of Road Traffic Noise and Body Mass Index Trajectories from Birth to 8 Years
Authors: Weyde Kjell Vegard , Krog Norun Hjertager , Oftedal Bente , Magnus Per , White Richard , Stansfeld Stephen , Øverland Simon , Aasvang Gunn Marit 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Being overweight constitutes a health risk, and the proportion of overweight and obese children is increasing. It has been argued that road traffic noise could be linked to adiposity through its influence on sleep and stress. Few studies, to our knowledge, have investigated whether noise and adiposity are associated. Most of them were on adults, and we are not aware of any longitudinal study using repeated measures.

Objectives:
The present longitudinal study investigated whether road traffic noise exposures in pregnancy (N = 6,963; obs = 22,975) or childhood (N = 6,403; obs = 14,585) were associated with body mass index (BMI) trajectories in children.

Methods:
We obtained information on BMI and covariates from questionnaires used in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study, Statistics Norway, and Medical Birth Registry of Norway. We modeled road traffic noise for the most exposed façade of children’s present and historical addresses at 6 time points from pregnancy to age 8. We investigated effects on BMI trajectories using repeated measures and linear mixed models.

Results:
The results indicated that BMI curves depended on road traffic noise exposure during pregnancy, but not on exposure during childhood. Children in the highest decile of traffic noise exposure had increased BMI, with 0.35 kg/m2 more than children in the lowest decile, from birth to age 8 years.

Conclusions:
The results indicate that exposure to road traffic noise during pregnancy may be associated with children’s BMI trajectories. Future studies should investigate this further, using anthropometric measures such as waist-hip ratio and skinfold thickness, in addition to BMI.
Hysteroscopic myomectomy: a comparison of techniques and review of current evidence in the management of abnormal uterine bleeding
Authors: Friedman Jaclyn A. , Wong Jacqueline M.K. , Chaudhari Angela , Tsai Susan , Milad Magdy P. 
Published: June 2018

Purpose of review
Submucosal uterine leiomyomas are a common benign pelvic tumor that can cause abnormal uterine bleeding and may contribute to infertility and miscarriage. Hysteroscopic myomectomy is the treatment of choice to alleviate bleeding from these myomas and to normalize the uterine cavity. This review discusses the techniques and recent evidence for hysteroscopic myomectomy and examines the two primary surgical tools employed today: the bipolar resectoscope and hysteroscopic mechanical morcellator.

Recent findings
Hysteroscopic myomectomy has been a popular treatment for symptomatic submucosal fibroids for decades; it is a minimally invasive, low-cost, low-risk procedure, and is associated with high patient satisfaction. There have been rapid advances in the surgical technology available for this procedure. Both the bipolar resectoscope and the hysteroscopic mechanical morcellator are appropriate tools to remove submucosal myomas. Although the hysteroscopic morcellators have been associated with shortened operative time and a decreased learning curve, the data are limited for their use on type 2 fibroids. The strength of the bipolar resectoscope lies in its ability to resect deeper type 2 fibroids.

Summary
The evidence suggests that no one technique should be used for all patients, but rather a choice of technique should be taken on a case-by-case basis, depending on the myoma number, size, type, and location. Gynecologists must become knowledgeable about each of these techniques and their associated risks to safely offer these surgeries to their patients.