bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Part library-based information retrieval and inspection framework to support part maintenance using 3D printing technology
Authors: Kim Hyungki , Cha Moohyun , Kim Byung Chul , Kim Taeyun , Mun Duhwan 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is the use of 3D printing technology to perform maintenance on damaged parts on site. To maintain damaged parts, the user needs experience in the parts design and 3D printing technology. To help users who have little or no experience on 3D printing, a part library-based information retrieval and inspection framework was proposed to support the process of manufacturing replaceable parts using a 3D printer.

Design/methodology/approach
To establish the framework, 3D printing-based maintenance procedure was first defined, comprising retrieval, manufacturing and inspection steps, while identifying the technical components required to perform the procedure. Once the technical components are identified, part library-based information retrieval and inspection framework was defined based on the technical components and the relationships between the components. For validation of the concept of the framework, prototype system is developed according to the proposed framework.

Findings
The feasibility of the proposed framework is proved through maintenance experiments on gaskets and O-rings.

Originality/value
The main contribution of this study is the proposal of the framework, which aims to support the maintenance of damaged parts for the user who has little or no experience in part design or does not know how to operate a 3D printer.
Phylogenetic diversity correlated with above‐ground biomass production during forest succession: Evidence from tropical forests in Southeast Asia
Authors: Satdichanh Manichanh , Ma Huaixia , Yan Kai , Dossa Gbadamassi G.O. , Winowiecki Leigh , Vågen Tor‐G. , Gassner Anja , Xu Jianchu , Harrison Rhett D. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Enhancing knowledge on the role of evolutionary history during forest succession and its relationship with ecosystem function is particularly relevant in the context of forest landscape restoration for climate change mitigation and adaptation.

We used fine resolution vegetation and environmental data (soil, elevation and slope) from two large‐scale surveys (320 × 1000 m2 plots in two 10 km × 10 km blocks) in the Upper Mekong to quantify (1) the role of abiotic and biotic (species interactions) factors in community assembly processes and (2) the effect of biodiversity, environmental factors and forest succession on above‐ground biomass (AGB).

We found strong correlation between soil fertility and community structure in the early successional seres, while species interactions played an increasingly important role in older seres, presumably due to species complementary.

We detected a significant relationship between AGB and phylogenetic diversity, elevation and soil fertility across successional gradients. Within successional stages, soil fertility was not significantly associated with AGB, while elevation was significantly associated with AGB only in forest <100 years old. Phylogenetic diversity was positively correlated with AGB in the young secondary forest (< 15 years old) but not significantly associated with AGB in older seres.

Synthesis. Our results support the hypothesis that abiotic filtering influences species assembly in the initial stages of forest succession, while biotic interactions dominate community assembly processes in older seres. We found that phylogenetic diversity, soil fertility and elevation gradients were strongly predictive of AGB in a secondary tropical montane forest in Southeast Asia. However, elevation may reflect other underlying abiotic gradients, such as water availability. Phylogenetic diversity was significantly associated with AGB only in youngest seres (<15 years old). Considering phylogenetic diversity in restoration plantings and the management of forests younger than 15 years old could enhance forest biomass and the climate mitigation function forest landscape restoration.
Trophic ecology of large herbivores in a reassembling African ecosystem
Authors: Pansu Johan , Guyton Jennifer A. , Potter Arjun B. , Atkins Justine L. , Daskin Joshua H. , Wursten Bart , Kartzinel Tyler R. , Pringle Robert M. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Megafauna assemblages have declined or disappeared throughout much of the world, and many efforts are underway to restore them. Understanding the trophic ecology of such reassembling systems is necessary for predicting recovery dynamics, guiding management, and testing general theory. Yet, there are few studies of recovering large‐mammal communities, and fewer still that have characterized food‐web structure with high taxonomic resolution.

In Gorongosa National Park, large herbivores have rebounded from near‐extirpation following the Mozambican Civil War (1977–1992). However, contemporary community structure differs radically from the prewar baseline: medium‐sized ungulates now outnumber larger bodied species, and several apex carnivores remain locally extinct.

We used DNA metabarcoding to quantify diet composition of Gorongosa’s 14 most abundant large‐mammal populations. We tested five hypotheses: (i) the most abundant populations exhibit greatest individual‐level dietary variability; (ii) these populations also have the greatest total niche width (dietary diversity); (iii) interspecific niche overlap is high, with the diets of less‐abundant species nested within those of more‐abundant species; (iv) partitioning of forage species is stronger in more structurally heterogeneous habitats; and (v) selectivity for plant taxa converges within guilds and digestive types, but diverges across them.

Abundant (and narrow‐mouthed) populations exhibited higher among‐individual dietary variation, but not necessarily the greatest dietary diversity. Interspecific dietary overlap was high, especially among grazers and in structurally homogenous habitat, whereas niche separation was more pronounced among browsers and in heterogeneous habitat. Patterns of selectivity were similar for ruminants—grazers and browsers alike—but differed between ruminants and non‐ruminants.

Synthesis. The structure of this recovering food web was consistent with several hypotheses predicated on competition, habitat complexity, and herbivore traits, but it differed from patterns observed in more intact assemblages. We propose that intraspecific competition in the fastest‐recovering populations has promoted individual variation and a more nested food web, wherein rare species use subsets of foods eaten by abundant species, and that this scenario is reinforced by weak predation pressure. Future work should test these conjectures and analyse how the taxonomic dietary niche axis studied here interacts with other mechanisms of diet partitioning to affect community reassembly following wildlife declines.
Domestic Institutions and Global Value Chains: Offshoring in Germany's Core Industrial Sectors
Authors: De Ville Ferdi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDo domestic institutions affect industrialised countries’ positions in global value chains? A key insight from literature on global value chains is that a firm's decision to offshore depends on the trade‐off between price competitive gains and coordination costs. The role of domestic institutions in this decision has largely been neglected in global value chains analyses. However, a core insight from literature on varieties of capitalism is that the outcome of this trade‐off differs depending on the national institutions in which firms are embedded. National economies vary in terms of the importance of non‐market institutions for firms’ production decisions. This article integrates insights from both literatures, resulting in the hypotheses that for firms in coordinated market economies offshoring has lower gains and higher costs than for firms in liberal market economies and that this will translate in a different importance and/or geography of global value chains. We empirically test these hypotheses by focusing on Germany. We find that Germany is intensively integrated in international value chains, but that its core sectors have made relatively more use of ‘near shoring’, as this allows them to retain comparative institutional advantages. This has permitted Germany to maintain and even expand output and employment in industry.
Prognostic role of Rab27A and Rab27B expression in patients with non‐small cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Koh Hyun Min , Song Dae Hyun 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundRab27A and Rab27B are the major components of vesicle fusion and trafficking in exosome secretion and play important roles in tumor progression and metastasis. In addition, Rab27A and Rab27B are associated with tumor prognosis. This study investigated the prognostic roles of Rab27A and Rab27B expression in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsRab27A and Rab27B expression was assessed in 133 cases of NSCLC by immunohistochemistry. We evaluated the correlations between Rab27A and Rab27B expression and clinicopathological data and determined their prognostic role in NSCLC.ResultsRab27A and Rab27B expression were significantly related to patient gender (P = 0.007 and 0.002, respectively) and histologic type (P = 0.009 and < 0.001, respectively), but not to patient age, smoking history, surgical method, or tumor node metastasis stage. The multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model verified that high Rab27B expression is a prognostic factor for unfavorable disease‐specific survival (hazard ratio 2.680, 95% confidence interval 1.116–6.437; P = 0.027) in squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC). Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed significantly poorer prognosis in SQCC patients with high Rab27B expression compared to patients with low Rab27B expression (P = 0.030).ConclusionHigh Rab27B expression could be an unfavorable prognostic factor in patients with SQCC of the lung.
Clozapine and all‐cause mortality in treatment‐resistant schizophrenia: a historical cohort study
Authors: Cho J. , Hayes R. D. , Jewell A. , Kadra G. , Shetty H. , MacCabe J. H. , Downs J. 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveLarge‐scale epidemiological studies have demonstrated a protective effect of clozapine on mortality in people with schizophrenia. Clozapine is reserved for use in patients with treatment‐resistant schizophrenia (TRS), but evidence of clozapine's effect on mortality exclusively within TRS samples is inconclusive. Hence, we aimed to investigate the effect of clozapine use on all‐cause mortality in TRS patients.MethodsA historical patient cohort sample of 2837 patients, who met criteria for TRS between 1 Jan 2008 and 1 Jan 2016, were selected from the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLAM) electronic health records (EHR). The national Zaponex Treatment Access System (ZTAS) mandatory monitoring system linked to the SLAM EHR was used to distinguish which patients were initiated on clozapine (n = 1025). Cox proportional hazard models were used, adjusting for sociodemographics, clinical monitoring, mental and physical illness severity and functional status.ResultsAfter controlling for potential confounders, the protective effect of clozapine on all‐cause mortality was significant (adjusted hazard ratio 0.61; 95% confidence interval 0.38–0.97; P = 0.04).ConclusionsClozapine reduces the risk of mortality in patients who meet criteria for TRS. We provide further evidence that improving access to clozapine in TRS is likely to reduce the mortality gap in schizophrenia.
Practical considerations for clinicians for transitioning patients on maintenance therapy with olaparib capsules to the tablet formulation of olaparib
Authors: Friedlander Michael , Shannon Catherine , Goh Jeffrey , Scott Clare , Mileshkin Linda 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPurposeOlaparib was originally formulated as 50 mg capsules with a recommended dose of 400 mg twice daily which requires patients to take 16 capsules a day. More recently, a tablet formulation with equivalent efficacy has become available and reduces the pill burden for patients to two tablets twice daily which is more convenient for patients. However, it is important to understand the key differences between the olaparib capsule and tablet formulations as they are not bioequivalent, and the doses are not interchangeable. Educating patients when transitioning from capsules to tablets is critical to avoid dosing errors and maintain both safety and efficacy of olaparib maintenance therapy.Main recommendationsThere are no established guidelines on transitioning patients from capsules to tablets. Patients taking 400 mg of the capsules twice daily should be switched to 300 mg of the tablets twice daily. In patients on a reduced dose of 200 mg capsules twice daily, consider switching to 250 mg twice daily of the tablet formulation. In patients on 100 mg capsules twice daily, consider 200 mg tablets twice daily. Particular care should be taken in transitioning patients who are on a reduced dose due to anemia and who have a low hemoglobin (9 g/dL) where a lower dose of the tablets should be considered initially. Close monitoring of patients for the first 3 months with further dose reductions based on tolerability is recommended. The tablet dose can be escalated or de‐escalated depending on tolerance.
Dermoscopy of lipidised dermatofibroma: A morphological study of 13 cases
Authors: Zaballos Pedro , Mir‐Bonafé Juan Francisco , Avilés José Antonio , Bañuls José 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological findings of lipidised dermatofibromas under dermoscopic observation.MethodsDermoscopic examination of 13 cases of lipidised dermatofibromas was performed to evaluate specific dermoscopic criteria and patterns.ResultsThe most frequently occurring dermoscopic features were as follows: (i) A yellowish homogenous pigmentation in all cases (100%); this pigmentation was total in 30.7%; (ii) White structures were seen in 46.1%, most of them were central white networks (38.4%); (iii) Pigment network was observed in 53.8%, most of them were peripheral delicate pigment networks (38.4%), but two cases showed an atypical pigment network; (iv) The presence of vascular structures was common (10 cases, 77%); (v) Regarding to dermoscopic patterns, five lipidised dermatofibromas (38.4%) showed a total yellowish homogeneous pattern; 38.4% an atypical pattern and 23.2% a ‘central white network + peripheral delicate pigment network' pattern.ConclusionsThe dermoscopic recognition of a total yellowish homogeneous area or a yellowish colouration in the context of a dermatofibroma can be proposed to help suspecting a lipidised dermatofibroma.
Increased expression of L‐plastin in nasal polyp of patients with nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug‐exacerbated respiratory disease
Authors: Takabayashi Tetsuji , Tanaka Yukie , Susuki Dai , Yoshida Kanako , Tomita Kaori , Sakashita Masafumi , Imoto Yoshimasa , Kato Yukinori , Narita Norihiko , Nakayama Tsugihisa , Haruna Shinichi , Schleimer Robert P. , Fujieda Shigeharu 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundMost patients with nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug‐exacerbated respiratory disease (NERD) suffer from recurrence of nasal polyps. However, little is known about the specific cellular and molecular mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis of nasal polyp development in patients with NERD in particular, especially at baseline when cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitors are not present. The objectives of this study were to identify proteins involved in the pathogenesis of nasal polyps in patients with NERD.MethodsWe collected nasal polyp tissue from patients with NERD and from patients with aspirin‐tolerant chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Protein profiles were analyzed by 2‐dimensional electrophoresis and identified several proteins, including L‐plastin, as highly expressed. We examined L‐plastin and tissue factor (TF) expression by immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence analyses. To examine the role of L‐plastin in eosinophils, we knocked down L‐plastin expression in Eol‐1 cells by using siRNA transfection.ResultsL‐plastin protein levels in nasal polyp tissue were increased in patients with NERD relative to those in patients with aspirin tolerant CRSwNP. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that L‐plastin was dominantly expressed in eosinophils and L‐plastin and TF were co‐expressed in eosinophils in NERD nasal polyp tissue. Knockdown of L‐plastin in Eol‐1 cells disrupted the cell surface distribution of TF by stimulation with granulocyte macrophage colony‐stimulating factor.ConclusionIncreased expression of L‐plastin by eosinophils may contribute to abnormal fibrin deposition through TF translocation to the eosinophil cell surface in NERD nasal polyp tissue, which in turn may contribute to the pathogenesis of NERD.
Skin disorders are prominent features in primary immunodeficiency diseases: A systematic overview of current data
Authors: de Wit Jill , Brada Romke J. K. , van Veldhuizen Joyce , Dalm Virgil A. S. H. , Pasmans Suzanne G. M. A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPrimary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) are characterized by an increased risk of infections, autoimmunity, autoinflammation, malignancy, and allergic disorders. Skin disorders are also common clinical features in PIDs and may be among the presenting manifestations. Recognition of specific PID‐associated skin conditions in combination with other clinical features as described in the currently used warning signs could raise suspicion of an underlying PID. We aimed to provide a systematically obtained overview of skin disorders and their prevalence in PIDs. Secondary, the prevalence of Staphylococcus (S.) aureus–associated skin disorders and atopy was reviewed, as these are the most prominent skin features in PIDs. A systematic search was performed in EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Google Scholar (up to May 9, 2018). All original observational and experimental human studies that address the presence of skin disorders in PIDs were selected. We rated study quality using the Institute of Health Economics Quality Appraisal Checklist for Case Series Studies. Sixty‐seven articles (5030 patients) were included. Study quality ranged from 18.2% to 88.5%. A broad spectrum of skin disorders was reported in 30 PIDs, mostly in single studies with a low number of included patients. An overview of associated PIDs per skin disorder was generated. Data on S. aureus‐associated skin disorders and atopy in PIDs were limited. In conclusion, skin disorders are prominent features in PIDs. Through clustering of PIDs per skin disorder, we provide a support tool to use in clinical practice that should raise awareness of PIDs based on presenting skin manifestations.
CD146‐mediated acquisition of stemness phenotype enhances tumour invasion and metastasis after EGFR‐TKI resistance in lung cancer
Authors: Zhang Fan , Wang Jia , Wang Xiaobo , Wei Nan , Liu Haiyang , Zhang Xiaoju 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntroductionTumours are more likely to metastasize after the development of resistance to EGFR‐TKIs. CD146 is a multifunctional molecule and is implicated in tumour invasion and metastasis; however, its role in lung cancer has not been clearly established.ObjectiveHere, we aimed to explore the relationship between CD146 pathway and stem cell phenotype after EGFR‐TKI resistance in lung cancer.MethodsEGFR‐TKI‐resistant cell lines were established by exposing parental cells to erlotinib/gefitinib. The CD146 level was measured by a western blot, RT‐PCR and immunocytochemistry fluorescent. Cell migration was examined by the transwell assay and the scratch assay. Stemness phenotype genes were evaluated by RT‐PCR and stem cell phenotype was observed by the microsphere formation assay.ResultsCD146 and stemness phenotype genes increased while β‐catenin decreased in acquired EGFR‐TKI‐resistant cell lines. CD146’s over‐expression induced the up‐regulation of stemness‐related genes and was inversely correlated with the β‐catenin expression, which further increased the migration capability of resistant cancer cells. CD146’s knockdown suppressed cell migration and stemness phenotype.ConclusionsCD146 molecule contributes to the stemness phenotype and migration in EGFR‐TKI‐resistant cells. CD146 might be a potential therapeutic target for EGFR‐TKI‐resistant lung cancer or metastasis prevention.
Implementation of a depression screening protocol among respiratory insufficiency patients
Authors: Kerminen Hanna , Jämsen Esa , Jäntti Pirkko , Mattila Aino K. , Leivo‐Korpela Sirpa , Valvanne Jaakko 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntroductionUnnoticed and untreated depression is prevalent among patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency. Comorbid depression causes suffering and worsens patients’ outcomes.ObjectivesThe objective of this evaluation was to assess preliminary outcomes of a depression screening protocol among chronic respiratory insufficiency patients at a tertiary care pulmonary outpatient clinic.MethodsIn the depression screening protocol, the patients filled the Depression Scale (DEPS) questionnaire. Patients whose scores suggested depression were offered the opportunity of a further evaluation of mood at a psychiatric outpatient clinic. The outcomes of the protocol were evaluated retrospectively from the patient records.ResultsDuring the period of evaluation, 238 patients visited the outpatient clinic. DEPS was administered to 176 patients (74%), of whom 60 (34%) scored ≥9 (out of 30), thus exceeding the cut‐off for referral. However, only 13 patients were referred, as the remainder declined the referral. Finally, seven patients were evaluated at the psychiatric clinic, and they all were deemed depressive. Symptoms of depression were most prevalent among patients with a long smoking history, refractory dyspnoea and a history of depression.ConclusionDepression screening was positive in a third of the patients. The depression screening protocol improved the detection of depression symptoms, but the effects on the patients’ treatment and clinical course were small. Rather than referring patients to a psychiatric unit, the evaluation and management of depression should be undertaken at the pulmonary unit.
892. NICOTIANA BURBIDGEAE
Authors: Chase Mark W. , Conran John G. , Christenhusz Maarten J. M. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryNicotiana burbidgeae is a spectacular species that is a narrow endemic from the northern part of South Australia. It is illustrated from plants collected near Dalhousie Springs (Witjira National Park) and cultivated at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Its ecology, cytology and horticultural potential are discussed.