bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation and entomopathogenicity of gut bacteria associated with dauer juveniles of Oscheius chongmingensis (Nematoda: Rhabditidae)
Authors: Fu Jun‐rui , Liu Qi‐zhi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe nematodes of genus Oscheius are insect parasites with a potential role as biological control agents. The composition of gut microbiota and its potential assistant role in the complex pathogenic mechanism of nematodes have been poorly illustrated. In this study, the intestinal bacteria associated with dauer juveniles of the nematode Oscheius chongmingensis Tumian were classified by 16S rDNA high‐throughput sequencing. The raw reads were assigned to 845 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) after quality filtering. The results showed that the genus Ochrobactrum, with a proportion of 59.82%, was the most abundant genus, followed by 7.13% Bacillus, 4.7% Albidiferax, 4.26% Acinetobacter, and 3.09% Rhodococcus. The two dominant bacteria, Ochrobactrum and Bacillus, were further isolated by culturing on NBTA and LB medium respectively, and then identified as Ochrobactrum tritici and Bacillus cereus by morphological and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Furthermore, the entomopathogenicity of these two bacterial species was studied. The results showed that O. tritici caused 93.33% mortality within 144 hr in the 4th‐instar larvae of Galleria mellonella treated with 2 × 109 CFU/ml, whereas B. cereus showed 100% mortality at a concentration of 3.3 × 107 CFU/ml within 48 hr. These findings, especially the presence of O. tritici, which had not been found in other nematode species in the genus Oscheius, indicate that the associated nematode O. chongmingensis may have particular utility as a biocontrol agent.
A novel ABCA12 pathologic variant identified in an Ecuadorian harlequin ichthyosis patient: A step forward in genotype‐phenotype correlations
Authors: Montalván‐Suárez Martha , Esperón‐Moldes Uxia Saraiva , Rodríguez‐Pazos Laura , Ordóñez‐Ugalde Andrés , Moscoso Fernanda , Ugalde‐Noritz Nora , Santomé Luis , Fachal Laura , Tettamanti‐Miranda Daniel , Ruiz Juan Carlos , Ginarte Manuel , Vega Ana 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundAutosomal recessive congenital ichthyoses (ARCI) have been associated with different phenotypes including: harlequin ichthyosis (HI), congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (CIE), and lamellar ichthyosis (LI). While pathogenic variants in all ARCI genes are associated with LI and CIE phenotypes, the unique gene associated with HI is ABCA12. In HI, the most severe ARCI form, pathogenic variants in both ABCA12 gene alleles usually have a severe impact on protein function. The presence of at least one non‐truncating variant frequently causes a less severe congenital ichthyosis phenotype (LI and CIE).MethodsWe report the case of a 4‐year‐old Ecuadorian boy with a severe skin disease. Genetic diagnosis was performed by NGS. In silico predictions were performed using Alamut software v2.11. A review of the literature was carried out to identify all patients carrying ABCA12 splice‐site and missense variants, and to explore their genotype‐phenotype correlations.ResultsGenetic testing revealed a nonsense substitution, p.(Arg2204*), and a new missense variant, p.(Val1927Leu), in the ABCA12 gene. After performing in silico analysis and a comprehensive review of the literature, we conclude that p.(Val1927Leu) affects a well conserved residue which could either disturb the protein function or alter the splicing process, both alternatives could explain the severe phenotype of our patient.ConclusionThis case expands the spectrum of ABCA12 reported disease‐causing variants which is important to unravel genotype‐phenotype correlations and highlights the importance of missense variants in the development of HI.
Apprenticeship learning in cognitive jamming
Authors: Zhuansun Shaoshuai , Yang Jun‐an , Liu Hui 
Published: March 2019

SummaryIn an electronic warfare–type scenario with a partially known environment, the advantages of trial and error in the reinforcement learning algorithm adopted by a cognitive jammer can disrupt communications between transmitter‐receiver pairs adaptively and optimally. However, complete information regarding the Markov decision process and its thousands of interactions seem to be unreliable, especially in applications that require timeliness, such as cognitive jamming. Faced with uncooperative or hostile transmitter‐receiver pairs, it is a challenging control problem for the jammer to select the proper actions to realize communication denials. This paper addresses apprenticeship learning in cognitive jamming, where inverse reinforcement learning is used by the jammer to acquire skilled behaviors from expert demonstrations. Without a known prior reward function, the jammer can obtain high jamming performance under the guidance of the given expert strategy. More specifically, the number of iterations needed in apprenticeship learning is much less than that needed in Q learning, which is a vital advantage in a fast‐changing environment. Numerous results demonstrate that it is feasible and realistic to use apprenticeship learning to learn the jamming strategy since its performance meets or exceeds those of existing methods.
Effects of climatically shifting species distributions on biocultural relationships
Authors: Bond Matthew O. , Anderson Barbara J. , Henare Te Hemo Ata , Wehi Priscilla M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLocal and Indigenous Peoples play critical roles in safeguarding global biological and cultural diversity. However, species distribution modelling has yet to incorporate perspectives that assess threats to the linked biological and cultural systems of local and Indigenous Peoples.Here, we provide the first example of integrating species distribution modelling with benefit‐relevant indicators. This novel approach assesses how human access to culturally important species may change over time.Focusing on two culturally significant species used by the Indigenous Māori people of New Zealand, we first identified predictor variables relevant to the habitat of each species. We used species distribution models (SDMs) to estimate the recent (1961–1990) potential distribution for each species based on occurrence records and predictor variables, then generated future climate suitability maps.Our models show that future suitability for one species shifts to the south, in line with changes in temperature and precipitation, while the second species range expands into higher latitudes, driven primarily by increased temperature. When we combined these models with knowledge of tribal boundaries and cultural practices, results indicated that these distributions might decrease access to culturally important plants. Future suitability for one species shifted substantially from where it is most valued for weaving, while the second species range expanded to include more of its primary medicinal users.Climate change‐mediated shifts in the ranges of these species are likely to affect intergenerational human–environment relationships, sense of place, cultural identity and knowledge on a regional scale, as well as cultural identity and social cohesion on a national scale.By interpretingSDMs within a socioecological framework, this research illustrates a new approach to assessment of vulnerabilities to climate change and identifies strategies for adaptation.Aplain language summaryis available for this article.
Reading and (Re)writing Science Comics: A Study of Informational Texts
Authors: Dallacqua Ashley K. , Peralta Lydia R. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe authors document work in a fifth‐grade classroom investigating informational texts. Students investigated a range of informational texts and their potential forms. In the spirit of challenging a given curriculum and conventional understandings of informational texts, texts in the Science Comics series were invited into this learning space. Along with other texts, the science comics were positioned as exemplar informational texts and graphic nonfiction. Additionally, these comics supported students in questioning what nonfiction is and can be. Fifth graders went on to draw from these comics as mentor texts, composing their own nonfiction comics. Students were positioned as investigators and creators, becoming creative experts on informational texts. Working with and creating multiple forms of informational texts supported students in being critical consumers and producers of information.
Partial Deconfinement
Authors: Hanada Masanori , Ishiki Goro , Watanabe Hiromasa 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

We argue that the confined and deconfined phases in gauge theories are connected by a partially deconfined phase (i.e. SU(M) in SU(N), where M < N, is deconfined), which can be stable or unstable depending on the details of the theory. When this phase is unstable, it is the gauge theory counterpart of the small black hole phase in the dual string theory. Partial deconfinement is closely related to the Gross-Witten-Wadia transition, and is likely to be relevant to the QCD phase transition.
The mechanism of partial deconfinement is related to a generic property of a class of systems. As an instructive example, we demonstrate the similarity between the Yang-Mills theory/string theory and a mathematical model of the collective behavior of ants [Beekman et al., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2001]. By identifying the D-brane, open string and black hole with the ant, pheromone and ant trail, the dynamics of two systems closely resemble with each other, and qualitatively the same phase structures are obtained.
Predicting probability of perirectal colonization with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and other carbapenem-resistant organisms (CROs) at hospital unit admission
Authors: Goodman Katherine E. , Simner Patricia J. , Klein Eili Y. , Kazmi Abida Q. , Gadala Avinash , Toerper Matthew F. , Levin Scott , Tamma Pranita D. , Rock Clare , Cosgrove Sara E. , Maragakis Lisa L. , Milstone Aaron M. ,   for the CDC Prevention Epicenters Program
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground:Targeted screening for carbapenem-resistant organisms (CROs), including carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and carbapenemase-producing organisms (CPOs), remains limited; recent data suggest that existing policies miss many carriers.Objective:Our objective was to measure the prevalence of CRO and CPO perirectal colonization at hospital unit admission and to use machine learning methods to predict probability of CRO and/or CPO carriage.Methods:We performed an observational cohort study of all patients admitted to the medical intensive care unit (MICU) or solid organ transplant (SOT) unit at The Johns Hopkins Hospital between July 1, 2016 and July 1, 2017. Admission perirectal swabs were screened for CROs and CPOs. More than 125 variables capturing preadmission clinical and demographic characteristics were collected from the electronic medical record (EMR) system. We developed models to predict colonization probabilities using decision tree learning.Results:Evaluating 2,878 admission swabs from 2,165 patients, we found that 7.5% and 1.3% of swabs were CRO and CPO positive, respectively. Organism and carbapenemase diversity among CPO isolates was high. Despite including many characteristics commonly associated with CRO/CPO carriage or infection, overall, decision tree models poorly predicted CRO and CPO colonization (C statistics, 0.57 and 0.58, respectively). In subgroup analyses, however, models did accurately identify patients with recent CRO-positive cultures who use proton-pump inhibitors as having a high likelihood of CRO colonization.Conclusions:In this inpatient population, CRO carriage was infrequent but was higher than previously published estimates. Despite including many variables associated with CRO/CPO carriage, models poorly predicted colonization status, likely due to significant host and organism heterogeneity.
Performing Public Credit at the Eighteenth-Century Bank of England
Authors: Murphy Anne L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMuch is known about the negotiation of personal credit relationships during the eighteenth century. It has been noted how direct contact and observation allowed individuals to assess the creditworthiness of those with whom they had financial connections and to whom they might lend money. Much less is known about one of the most important credit relationships of the long eighteenth century: that between the state and its creditors. This article shows that investors could experience the performance of public credit at the Bank of England. By 1760 the Bank was the manager of nearly three-quarters of the state's debt and housed the main secondary market in that debt. Thus, it provided a place for public creditors, both current and potential, to attend and scrutinize the performance of the state's promises. The article demonstrates how the Bank acted to embody public credit through its architecture, internal structures, and imagery and through the very visible actions of its clerks and the technologies that they used to record ownership and transfer of the national debt. The Bank of England, by those means, allowed creditors to interrogate the financial stability and reputation of the state in the same ways that they could interrogate the integrity of a private debtor.
‘We are seeing things’: recognition, risk and reproducing kinship in Botswana's time of AIDS
Authors: Reece Koreen M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article explores the ways in which families are reproduced in Botswana's time of AIDS. It argues that conjugal relationships are transformed into kin relationships through a gradual process of recognition in which they become visible, spoken about and known to ever wider spheres of kin. For women, this process is often catalysed by pregnancy; for men, by marriage negotiations – and for both, recognition is key to self-making. However, every shift in recognition is risky and tenuous, even reversible, and marked bydikgang– ‘issues’, conflicts or crises – the negotiation of which is crucial to its kin- and self-making capacity. Tswana kinship and personhood, in other words, are constituted in crisis, making them both highly fraught and highly resilient. In this context, HIV becomes one of many risks entailed in intimacy and kin-making – suggesting one explanation for persistently high rates of HIV infection in Botswana, and indicating an unexpected capacity in families to absorb crises such as the AIDS epidemic.
Time to move beef cattle to a new paddock: forage quality and grazing behaviour
Authors: Leite De Oliveira F. C. , Sanchez J. M. D. , Vendramini J. M. B. , Lima C. G. , Luz P. H. C. , Rocha C. O. , Pereira L. E. T. , Herling V. R. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDifferences in forage nutritive value between morning and afternoon are related to patterns of dehydration and carbohydrate accumulation throughout the day. In this way, management strategies that maximize grazing time during the afternoon could increase forage nutritive value and consequently nutrient intake. The aim of the current experiment was to evaluate the effect of the time of day (06.00 h [designated AM] or 15.00 h [PM]) that cattle are moved to a new paddock on forage nutritive value, grazing behaviour and animal performance of beef cattle on rotationally stocked Marandu palisadegrass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu Syn. Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu) pastures. A spring and summer study was conducted in Pirassununga, SP, Brazil from October 2012 to March 2013 (182 days). Treatments were distributed in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Herbage mass, morphological composition, herbage allowance and stocking rates were similar between treatments during spring and summer. Moving animals to a new paddock, regardless of the time of day – 06.00 h (AM) or 15.00 h (PM) – stimulated grazing, modifying the distribution of meals throughout the day. However, compensatory mechanisms among grazing time, bite rate and forage nutritive value throughout the day operated in order to generate similar performance between animals offered a new paddock in the morning or in the afternoon.
Small spatial scale effects of wave action exposure on morphological traits of the limpet Lottia subrugosa
Authors: Vieira Edson A. , Bueno Marília 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMany studies have already assessed how wave action may affect morphology of intertidal species among sites that vary in wave exposure, but few attempted to look to this issue in smaller scales. Using the most common limpet of the Brazilian coast,Lottia subrugosa, and assuming position on rocky boulders as a proxy for wave action at small scale, we tested the hypothesis that waves may also influence limpet morphology at a smaller spatial scale by investigating how individual size, foot area and shell shape vary between sheltered and exposed boulder sides on three shores in the coast of Ubatuba, Brazil. Limpets consistently showed a proportionally larger foot on exposed boulder sides for all shores, indicating that stronger attachment is an important mechanism to deal with wave action dislodgement at a smaller scale. Shell shape also varied in the scale investigated here, with more conical (dissipative) shells occurring in exposed boulder sides in one exposed shore across time and in the other exposed shore in one year. Shell shape did not vary regarding boulder sides across time in the most sheltered shore. Although we did not assess large spatial scale effects of wave action in this study, variations of the effect of waves at small spatial scale observed for shell shape suggest that it may be modulated by the local wave exposure regime. Our work highlights the importance of wave action at small spatial scales, and may help to understand the ecological variability of limpets inhabiting rocky shores.
Parasitic nematodes simultaneously suppress and benefit from coccidian coinfection in their natural mouse host
Authors: Clerc Melanie , Fenton Andy , Babayan Simon A. , Pedersen Amy B. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWithin-host interactions among coinfecting parasites are common and have important consequences for host health and disease dynamics. However, these within-host interactions have traditionally been studied in laboratory mouse models, which often exclude important variation and use unnatural host–parasite combinations. Conversely, the few wild studies of within-host interactions often lack knowledge of parasite exposure and infection history. Here we exposed laboratory-reared wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) that were derived from wild-caught animals to two naturally-occurring parasites (nematode: Heligmosomoides polygyrus, coccidia: Eimeria hungaryensis) to investigate the impact of coinfection on parasite infection dynamics, and to determine if the host immune response mediates this interaction. Coinfection led to delayed worm expulsion and prolonged egg shedding in H. polygyrus infections and lower peak E. hungaryensis oocyst burdens. By comparing antibody levels between wild and colony-housed mice, we also found that wild mice had elevated H. polygyrus-IgG1 titres even if currently uninfected with H. polygyrus. Using this unique wild-laboratory system, we demonstrate, for the first time, clear evidence for a reciprocal interaction between these intestinal parasites, and that there is a great discrepancy between antibody levels measured in the wild vs those measured under controlled laboratory conditions in relation to parasite infection and coinfection.
Reducing Potentially Inappropriate Medications in Older Adults: A Way Forward
Authors: Bala Sharmin S. , Chen Timothy F. , Nishtala Prasad S. 
Published: March 2019

RÉSUMÉLa réduction des médicaments potentiellement inappropriés (MPI) chez les personnes âgées est un enjeu important selon de nombreux cliniciens et chercheurs à travers le monde, car ces médicaments accroissent significativement la morbidité et la mortalité dans la population plus âgée. La prévalence des MPI est un problème répandu malgré l’existence de plusieurs critères explicites et implicites de réduction des MPI chez les personnes âgées, les plus courants étant les critères de Beers, les critères STOPP/START et plusieurs critères nationaux spécifiques. Cette revue non systématique visait à examiner les critères de référence pour la réduction des MPI et à clarifier le rôle de certaines mesures, dont la déprescription, pour optimiser la prescription des médicaments chez les personnes âgées. Des recherches par mots-clés et termes MeSH ont été menées dans des bases de données électroniques. Les nombreux critères disponibles ont chacun leurs avantages et inconvénients. La déprescription, qui vise à réduire l’utilisation des MPI, a considérablement gagné en importance dans les initiatives associées à l’amélioration des pratiques de prescription. La déprescription est une approche méthodique qui implique l’arrêt graduel, éclairé et individualisé des médicaments inappropriés, avec un suivi rigoureux des patients pour assurer la détection d’événements indésirables ou de symptômes de rebond. Une approche combinée centrée sur le patient et le soignant favorise la collaboration entre les prescripteurs et les pharmaciens afin de réduire le nombre de MPI chez les personnes âgées.
Does intolerance of uncertainty mediate improvement in anger during group CBT for GAD? A preliminary investigation
Authors: Laposa Judith M. , Fracalanza Katie 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground:Individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) have elevated intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and anger, and IU mediates the relationship between GAD symptoms and anger.Aims:The current pilot study examined whether group cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) improves anger in people with GAD, and the degree to which change in IU mediates improved anger.Method:Individuals diagnosed with GAD completed measures of worry, IU, and facets of anger, before and at the end of group CBT for GAD.Results:Worry, IU, and internally felt and outwardly expressed anger, reduced significantly over treatment, but anger control (inwardly and outwardly) did not. CBT for GAD led to improvement in both internally felt and outwardly expressed anger, even though anger is not directly targeted in this treatment. Improvement in IU significantly mediated improvement in internally felt and outwardly expressed anger.Conclusions:This preliminary study contributes to the literature on the importance of IU in understanding worry and other symptoms such as elevated anger, experienced by people with excessive worry.
Trade Commitments and Data Flows: The National Security Wildcard
Authors: ZHANG NORMAN 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper poses a hypothetical WTO challenge to the Passenger Name Records (PNR) Transfer Agreements the European Union has signed with the United States (as well as Australia and Canada). The focus will be on a possible citation of GATS Article XIV National Security Exception by the EU, and the viability of such a defense. Because of the absence of case law, this paper will also attempt to synthesize an acceptable standard for assessing GATS National Security Exception citations.