bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leukopenia Following Administration of Nicotinic Acid
Authors: BASSEN FRANK A. , ETESS A. DAVID , ROSENTHAL ROBERT L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Intravenous nicotinic acid produces an immediate and marked neutropenia, which disappears within 15 minutes. The lymphocytes frequently show a slight reduction; but the red cell count, hematocrit and platelet count reveal no significant variation.
2. This response was similar in splenectomized and nonsplenectomized subjects.
3. In 2 patients with leukemia the white cell count was reduced in 5 minutes by nicotinic acid from 177,800 to 146,400 and 73,300 to 33,600.
4. The mechanism of the granulocytopenia after nicotinic acid is discussed in relation to its vasodilatation action and the distribution of leukocytes in the vascular system. This concept is outlined in table 5.
Studies on Platelets
Authors: ADELSON EDWARD , STEFANINI MARIO 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. The serum of a patient with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura was found to contain an agglutinin active against sheep red cells and heterologous platelets (dog, rabbit and rat), but not against human platelets. The activity of the agglutinin was not affected by absorption with gels, treatment with ion-exchange resins, filtration through Seitz filters or heating of the serum at 56 C. The antibody was found to be present in the salt soluble fraction of the serum proteins. The agglutinin could not be eluted from the agglutinated platelets, was absorbed completely by guinea pig kidney and incompletely by beef erythrocyte antigen (Forssman’s variety).
2. Ability to agglutinate heterologous platelets was found to be a property of sera exhibiting a high titer of heterophil antibodies of the Forssman or non-Forssman variety.
3. It is not likely that the presence of such heterophil agglutinin was of importance in the pathogenesis of the hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia of the patient; rather, it could be an effect of the active lytic process of red cells and platelets. Whether the finding had diagnostic significance in the ill-defined syndrome of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura remains to be established with the observation of further cases.
Some Interrelationships of Blood and the Fava Bean Principle in Vitro
Authors: CREGER WILLIAM P. , GIFFORD HOUGHTON 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Saline suspensions of human red cells, as well as those of several animal species, were agglutinated by normal saline extracts of the Fava bean.
2. This agglutination was potentiated in titer 100-fold in a medium of 10 per cent acacia, as a diluent.
3. The inhibition of the hemagglutination action of the Fava bean extract by human serum was apparently attributable to the gamma globulin fraction.
4. The Fava bean principle could be transferred from cell to cell, as shown by heat-elution and acacia technics.
5. Fava-sensitized red cells did not exhibit increased susceptibility in the test tube to complement, hemolysin, or osmotic or mechanical fragility.
6. The mechanism of in vivo red cell destruction in Favism is as yet unknown, but a special immunologic susceptibility to the action of the bean’s principle is suspected in certain persons.
7. It is suggested that the relation of acacia to Fava-sensitized red cells may form the basis of a diagnostic test for Favism in the early, acute stages of the disease.
Red Cell Thickness in Normals and in Pernicious Anemia
Authors: LARSEN GERHARD 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A method previously described by Williams and Wyckoff, Bessis, and others is adapted for measuring the thickness of the dried blood cell. Statistical analysis of the results reveals the presence in pernicious anemia of a distinct type of cell which in the dried blood film has a mean diameter 1 µ above normal and a thickness 0.224 µ less than normal. These pathologic cells, which thus flatten out when spread on a glass slide, also shrink more than do normal cells when dried in a blood film.
Surface antigenic profile and globin phenotype of two new human erythroleukemia lines: characterization and interpretations
Authors: Papayannopoulou T , Nakamoto B , Kurachi S , Tweeddale M , Messner H 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Detailed characterization of the composite phenotype of two newly established erythroleukemia lines (OCIM1, OCIM2) shows that these lines share many of their erythroid markers (ie, surface antigens and globin program) as well as several of their nonerythroid properties (myeloid/monocytic/megakaryocytic) with the two known erythroleukemia lines (K562, HEL). In addition, each displays novel and instructive features. We argue that the surface and globin phenotype of all erythroleukemia lines is nonrandom and that it may be of physiologic relevance; it could represent the most prevalent phenotype of cells transformed by leukemia in vivo, and it raises the possibility that cells with similar potentials exist transiently during normal hematopoietic differentiation before their irreversible commitment to a single lineage. As such, these cells demonstrate a greater phenotypic adaptability in vitro than do their single lineage-committed counterparts since they can differentiate toward more than one lineage.
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: laboratory studies
Authors: Kelton JG , Sheridan D , Santos A , Smith J , Steeves K , Smith C , Brown C , Murphy WG 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This report describes studies into the pathophysiology of heparin- induced thrombocytopenia. The IgG fraction from each of nine patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia caused heparin-dependent platelet release of radiolabeled serotonin. Both the Fc and the Fab portions of the IgG molecule were required for the platelet reactivity. The platelet release reaction could be inhibited by the Fc portion of normal human or goat IgG, and patient F(ab')2, but not F(ab')2 from healthy controls. These results suggested that the Fab portion of IgG binds to heparin forming an immune complex and the immune complexes initiate the platelet release reaction by binding to the platelet Fc receptors. To directly challenge this hypothesis, we preincubated the serotonin-labeled platelets with the monoclonal antibody against the platelet Fc receptor (IV.3). This monoclonal antibody completely inhibited the release reaction caused by heparin and patient sera, as well as heat aggregated IgG, but did not block collagen or thrombin- induced platelet release. Heparin-dependent platelet release also could be inhibited in vitro by the addition of monocytes and neutrophils, but not by red cells, presumably because the Fc receptors on the phagocytic cells have a higher binding affinity for IgG complexes than do platelets. Platelets from patients with congenital deficiencies of specific glycoproteins Ib and IX (Bernard-Soulier syndrome) and IIb and IIIa (Glanzmann's thrombasthenia) displayed normal heparin-dependent release indicating that the release reaction did not require the participation of these glycoproteins. These studies indicate that heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is an IgG-heparin immune complex disorder involving both the Fab and Fc portion of the IgG molecule.
The Demonstration of the "L.E." Phenomenon in Patients with Penicillin Hypersensitivity
Authors: WALSH JOHN R. , ZIMMERMAN HYMAN J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Of 6 patients with penicillin reactions, 3 whose reactions were severe were found to possess the "L. E." factor in the plasma and "L. E." cells in the bone marrow. The 3 who failed to show the "L. E". phenomenon had only minimal reactions to penicillin. Since the group studied was small, no conclusions regarding the incidence of the "L. E." phenomenon in penicillin reactions can be drawn. The findings are discussed in the light of the possibility that the phenomenon may be related to hypersensitivity reactions as well as to systemic lupus erythematosus.
Quantitative Studies of the Influence of Plasma Proteins and Hematocrit on the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
Authors: MEYERS ALDULA J. , TREVORROW VIRGINIA , WASHBURN ALFRED H. , MUGRAGE EDWARD R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The failure to devise a satisfactory means of adjusting all sedimentation rates to a standard cell volume, together with a critical analysis of the results of other investigators, casts serious doubt on the validity of any such correction charts.
Two formulae are presented by means of which the sedimentation rate of a given sample of blood can be predicted on the basis of the plasma/cell ratio and plasma proteins concentrations. One formula utilizes the results of saltingout analysis of plasma proteins, the other those of electrophoretic analysis of serum proteins. The most influential factors in determininsg sedimentation rate are plasma/cell ratio, fibrinogen, alpha-2 globulin, and gamma globulin. The results suggest that the effective concentrations of the plasma proteins are most adequately expressed as concentrations per unit of cell volume.
Addition of purified protein fractions (fibrinogen, gamma globulin, and albumin) to the blood in vitro confirm the findings from the statistical studies and suggest a direct cause and effect relationship between the concentration of these proteins and the rate of erythrocyte sedimentation.
Determination of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate cannot give, per se, any clue as to the level of any one of the responsible factors. An appreciation of the multiple factors involved is essential for an adequate interpretation of the clinical significance of a sedimentation rate determination.
Thrombocytopathic Purpura with Normal Prothrombin Consumption
Authors: DE VRIES ANDRÉ , SHAFRIR ELEAZAR , EFRATI PINCHAS , SHAMIR ZVI 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Three cases of thrombocytopathic purpura with partial platelet dysfunction are reported. The platelets were defective in clot retraction, but normal in prothrombin conversion.
Clinical Evaluation of a New Antimetabolite, 6-Mercaptopurine, in the Treatment of Leukemia and Allied Diseases
Authors: BURCHENAL J. H. , MURPHY M. L. , ELLISON R. R. , SYKES M. P. , TAN T. C. , LEONE L. A. , KARNOF-SKY D. A. , CRAVER L. F. , DARGEON H. W. , RHOADS C. P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. A new antimetabolite, 6-mercaptopurine, has been shown to produce good clinical and hematologic remissions in fifteen out of forty-five children with acute leukemia. Another ten showed partial remissions and clinical improvement.
2. Remissions in adults with acute leukemia have occasionally been brought about by 6-mercaptopurine, and in a few cases it has produced temporary remissions in both the early and the late stages of chronic myelocytic leukemia.
3. The compound has been effective in some children whose disease was resistant to the folic acid antagonists, as shown by the fact that out of twenty-four children with acute leukemia whose disease had been proved to be resistant to amethopterin, five had good clinical and hematologic remissions and five had partial remissions with some marrow and clinical improvement. Some benefit was seen in eight out of eighteen patients whose disease was resistant to ACTH and cortisone.
4. In children the daily oral administration of 2.5 mg./Kg. rarely caused toxic manifestations, but continued therapy at this dose in adults or at higher levels in children occasionally produced bone marrow depression or gastrointestinal symptoms.
5. There is evidence that the therapeutic resistance of the acute leukemias to 6MP develops somewhat more rapidly than it does to the folic acid antagonists but there is, as yet, no laboratory or clinical evidence of cross resistance between these two types of antimetabolites.
6. In a total of thirty-five patients with lymphomas and miscellaneous carcinomas and sarcomas, 6MP did not produce any definite clinical improvement at doses which produced hematologic toxicity.
7. Although 6-mercaptopurine acts as a purine antagonist in certain forms of bacteria, the exact mechanism of its action in leukemia is at present unknown. Since its mode of action appears to differ from that of other agents previously employed clinically in the treatment of leukemia, this compound would appear to be of fundamental as well as practical interest.
Hyperglobulinemia as the Cause of Hemophilia-like Disease
Authors: NILSSON INGA M. , WENCKERT ANDERS 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A case is reported of a probably familial hyperglobulinemia in a 44 year old woman with a circulating anticoagulant, antagonistic to the initial phase of the coagulation, most likely to the antihemophilic globulin. The anticoagulant factor was separated by means of salt precipitation and by electrophoresis. It was shown to be identical with one of the patient's pathologic gamma globulins. There is no reason to suppose an isoimmunization process. The coagulation defect is therefore assumed to be a secondary phenomenon to the patient's probably familial protein disturbance. Dysproteinemia has been observed in hemophilia-like diseases several times but the etiologic connection between the coagulation anomaly and the protein disease has not been previously established. On the other hand, even serious dysproteinemias seem rarely to be complicated by a circulating anticoagulant.
A connection between the sedimentation rate and the coagulation of the blood was further shown to be present in our patient.
Plasma Thromboplastin Component (PTC) A Hitherto Unrecognized Blood Coagulation Factor Case Report of PTC Deficiency
Authors: WHITE SIDNEY G. , AGGELER PAUL M. , GLENDENING MARY BETH 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. A new hemorrhagic disease characterized by a prolonged whole blood coagulation time caused by the delayed formation of thrombin is described.
2. The patient suffering from this disease was found to have normal concentrations of all previously described coagulation factors.
3. Because the coagulation defect could be completely corrected by the addition of tissue thromboplastin or platelet-poor hemophilic plasma and because tests for prothrombin and prothrombin conversion accelerators gave normal results and prothrombin utilization was impaired, it was concluded that the missing factor was concerned with the production of thromboplastin in the plasma. Accordingly it was named the plasma thromboplastin component (PTC).
4. The clinical and laboratory resemblance of PTC deficiency and hemophilia is striking. However, the two diseases can be distinguished by the fact that normal serum, the 45 to 50 per cent saturated ammonium sulfate fraction of normal plasma, the citrate eluate from barium sulfate, which has been mixed with normal plasma or serum, and hemophilic plasma correct PTC deficiency but are ineffective in hemophilia. On the other hand, while the 33 per cent saturated ammonium sulfate fraction of normal plasma, barium sulfate adsorbed normal plasma, Cohn's Fraction I and PTC-deficient plasma correct the hemophilic defect, they are ineffective in PTC deficiency.
5. A method for the partial purification and concentration of the PTC factor is described.
Malignant Lymphomas Their Classification and Relation to Leukemia
Authors: BERMAN LAWRENCE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The value of complete hematologic study, including examination of the blood and bone marrow and imprints as well as sections of lymph nodes, for the diagnosis of lymphoblastomas has been indicated. The various forms of these tumors have been described and defined, and their relationships to each other and to leukemia have been discussed and illustrated. A simple working classification has been presented.
Binding of Acid and Basic Dye at Varied pH by Blood and Bone Marrow Cells of Man
Authors: WEISS LEON PAUL 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In acid solution, tissues tend to acquire a net positive charge and bind acid dye; binding of basic dye is enhanced in basic solution where tissues tend to possess a net negative charge. A measure of the acid or basic strength of a given tissue structure is afforded by its ability to bind basic or acid dye over a range of pH.
The capacity of blood cell components to bind light green and methylene blue in the pH range 0.05 to 12.3, and their affinity for eosin after acetylation and treatment with nitrous acid, procedures used to block or destroy primary and secondary amines and guanidino groups, was studied. Observations were also made of blood smears stained with the Serra test for arginine.
Erythrocytes bound light green through pH 12.3 and methylene blue to pH 6.0. The ground substance of white blood cells and immature blood cells stained with light green through about pH 9 consistently, and often to pH 11: methylene blue was bound through approximately pH 4.0. Eosinophilic granules bound light green through pH 12.0, and did not bind methylene blue. Basophilic granules bound methylene blue in the pH range 8.0 to 1.0 but were dissolved in more acid and basic solutions: they bound no acid dye. Neutrophilic granules were stained with methylene blue through pH 5.3. Nuclei of immature blood cells and monocytes bound methylene blue to about pH 4.0: polymorphous nuclei and nuclei of lymphocytes and normoblasts were stained very faintly to pH 0.05. Many nuclei bound light green to about pH 12.0.
Nuclear and cytoplasmic acidophilia was reduced or destroyed by acetylation or treatment of smears with nitrous acid. Nuclei and cytoplasm of blood cells were stained with the Serra test. Eosinophilic granules were stained strongly.
The cytochemical significance of certain experimental findings have been discussed.
Studies on the Anticoagulant Phenylindanedione
Authors: GUTTAS CHARLES G. , MOLONEY WILLIAM C. , SISE HERBERT S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Phenylindanedione-induced hypoprothrombinemia is rapidly counteracted by a vitamin K1 emulsion. This hypoprothrombinemia is antagonized at a more rapid rate than that induced by any of the other commonly employed prothrombopenic agents.
2. The optimum dose of the vitamin K1 emulsion in emergency is 5 mg. per Kg. Since a refractoriness to the prothrombopenic action of phenylindanedione ensues, smaller doses should be used in situations where there is to emergency.
Action of Alpha-Tocopherol Phosphate on Hemolysis in Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
Authors: WILLIAMS MARJORIE J. , CLAPP MARY P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. The action of alpha-tocopherol phosphate (αTPO4), an anticoagulant, on PNH hemolysis was studied by both in vitro and in vivo means. It was found that the addition of αTPO4 to the modified Ham test inhibited lysis of PNH erythrocytes. During the intramuscular administration of αTPO4, the susceptibility of the erythrocytes to lysis by fresh acidified serum progressively decreased. These cells, after incubation with the serum, gave a positive Coombs test.
2. The possible significance of these findings is briefly discussed.
3. It is concluded that αTPO4 has no therapeutic value in PNH.
Studies on the Metabolism of Fibrinogen in Two Patients with Congenital Afibrinogenemia
Authors: GITLIN DAVID , BORGES WAYNE H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. The rate of disappearance from the plasma of intravenously administered fibrinogen has been studied immunochemically in two children with congenital afibrinogenemia.
2. About half of the administered fibrinogen disappeared from the circulation in the first forty-eight hours, thus emphasizing the importance of the extravascular pool of plasma protein.
3. After the first two days, the fibrinogen followed a logarithmic decay curve, with a half life of four days; this is so close to the half life of 5.6 days estimated from radioisotope turnover studies that it indicates that the fundamental defect in these patients is a failure to synthesize adequate quantities of fibrinogen.
4. Traces of fibrinogen were detected immunochemically in the plasma of each patient; in one of them, the small amount found could not readily be attributed to prior infusion of blood or blood products.
5. The connective tissue in biopsy specimens of skin and muscle from one patient, when examined with fluorescein-labelled antisera, was found to be specifically deficient in fibrinogen. This deficit was quickly rectified by intravenous administration of fibrinogen.
Age, Sex, and Race Selection at Death from Leukemia and the Lymphomas
Authors: GILLIAM ALEXANDER G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Attention has been called to the distinction between "age incidence", which is a measure of risk, and "age distribution" which is not such a measure except under certain unusual circumstances which probably do not exist for any hospital experience in the United States. Examples to illustrate this distinction were drawn from death data for deaths attributed to leukemia and the lymphomas in the United States in 1949.
The sex and race selection have been recorded for the types of leukemia and lymphoma separable in the sixth revision of The International List of Causes of Death. The age selection at death attributed to the numerically important of these causes has also been presented.
To determine the age, sex, and race selection (incidence) of these diseases, with full confidence in adequacy of their classification, will require a cooperative study designed to apply uniform diagnostic technics to all cases occurring in some definable population such as a large city or a state. Data derived from individual hospitals or from literature summations are generally inadequate for this purpose.
Be, a New "Private" Blood Factor
Authors: DAVIDSOHN ISRAEL , STERN KURT , STRAUSER EMORY R. , SPURRIER WILMA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A new "private" blood factor, designated as Berrens, was demonstrated with the aid of an immune isoantibody which was found in a woman sensitized by previous transfusion of her husband's blood and by pregnancy. The antibody had a relatively high titer and produced hemolytic disease of the newborn in the second child, manifested as jaundice and anemia. The factor was present in four out of seven members of three generations: grandmother, husband, his sister, and second child. It was absent in the father of the husband, his wife, the first child, and in four hundred and forty-eight random bloods.
Husbands should not be used as donors of blood for their wives.
Tests for immune isoantibodies developing in pregnant women are incomplete unless red cells of the child and/or father are included as tests cells.
Cloning of the human homologue of the murine flt3 ligand: a growth factor for early hematopoietic progenitor cells
Authors: Lyman SD , James L , Johnson L , Brasel K , de Vries P , Escobar SS , Downey H , Splett RR , Beckmann MP , McKenna HJ 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Using a fragment of the murine flt3 ligand as a probe, we have succeeded in cloning a human flt3 ligand from a human T-cell lambda gt10 cDNA library. The human and murine ligands are 72% identical at the amino acid level. Analysis of multiple cDNA clones shows that alternative splicing of the human flt3 mRNA can occur at a number of positions. A recombinant soluble form of the human flt3 ligand stimulates the proliferation and colony formation of a subpopulation of human bone marrow cells that are CD34+ and are enriched for primitive hematopoietic cells. In addition, the human flt3 ligand also stimulates the proliferation of cells expressing murine flt3 receptors. Northern blot analysis shows widespread expression of flt3 ligand mRNA transcripts in human tissues.