bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining Turkish law on data protection
Authors: Ersoy Eren Can 
Published: September 2019

One of the biggest government data breaches in history took place in 2016 when the personal data of 50 million Turkish citizens was posted online in a single file. This politically motivated hack exposed two-thirds of the Turkish population to the risk of identity fraud, by publishing their names, addresses, dates of birth and national identity numbers. Turkey keeps much of its legal system in line with the EU and recently passed a law similar to the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Turkey's data protection laws allow for administrative fines of up to 3% of a company's net annual sales to be levied if personal data is stolen, or disclosed without consent. In our increasingly online world, even companies without any physical presence in Turkey may be subject to Turkish data protection law and may have to register there if their activities have an effect in Turkey. Eren Can Ersoy of Kılınç Law & Consulting takes us through the regulations and how to ensure compliance.
Consortia of bioactives in supercritical carbon dioxide extracts of mustard and small cardamom seeds lower serum cholesterol levels in rats: new leads for hypocholesterolaemic supplements from spices
Authors: Chakraborty Soumi , Paul Kaninika , Mallick Priyanka , Pradhan Shrabani , Das Koushik , Chakrabarti Saikat , Nandi Dilip Kumar , Bhattacharjee Paramita 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMelatonin-rich and 1,8-cineole-rich extracts have been successfully obtained from yellow mustard (YM) and small cardamom (SC) seeds, respectively, employing green technology of supercritical CO2(SC-CO2) extraction. Chemical profiling confirmed the presence of melatonin and 1,8-cineole and co-extractants in the respective extracts. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy attested strong antioxidant activities of the extracts foregoing pan-assay interference compounds involved in spectroscopic analysis. These extracts also exhibited synergistic efficacies greater than unity confirming antioxidant synergy among the co-extracted bioactives therein. To ascertain hypocholesterolaemic efficacies, these extracts were co-administered orally with Triton X (at the pre-optimised dose of 175 mg/kg body weight (BW)) to Wistar albino rats at doses of 550, 175 and 55 mg/kg BW. Serum total cholesterol levels in the rats were monitored on days 3, 7, 15 and 21. On day 21, total cholesterol level reduced appreciably by 49·44 % in rats treated with YM seed extract and by 48·95 % in rats treated with SC seed extract, comparable with atorvastatin-administered rats (51·09 %). Either extract demonstrated inhibitory effects on hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase activity. A molecular docking exercise identified specific compounds in the extracts which possessed binding affinities comparable with therapeutically used HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.In silicoandin vivostudies concertedly concluded that the consortium of bioactive components in the extracts cannot be considered as invalid metabolic panaceas and therefore these ‘green’ extracts could be safely subjected to clinical studies as preventive biotherapeutics for hypercholesterolaemia. These extracts could be consumedper seas hypocholesterolaemic supplements or could be ingredients of new spice-based therapeutic foods.
PPA1 promotes NSCLC progression via a JNK- and TP53-dependent manner
Authors: Luo Dehong , Liu Daishun , Shi Wen , Jiang Huimin , Liu Wei , Zhang Xiaoyuan , Bao Yonghua , Yang Wancai , Wang Xiaojun , Zhang Chaoyang , Wang Hui , Yuan Liying , Chen Yanpei , Qu Tianyin , Ou Dong , Shen Wenzhi , Yang Shuang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractInorganic pyrophosphatase (PPA1) promotes tumor progression in several tumor types. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we disclosed that PPA1 expression is markedly upregulated in lung carcinoma tissue versus normal lung tissue. We also found that the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines show increased PPA1 expression levels versus normal lung cell line control. Moreover, the knockdown of PPA1 promotes cell apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferation. Whereas, the ectopic expression of PPA1 reduces cell apoptosis and enhances cell proliferation. Most interestingly, the expression of mutant PPA1 (D117A) significantly abolishes PPA1-mediated effect on cell apoptosis and proliferation. The underlying mechanism demonstrated that TP53 expression deficiency or JNK inhibitor treatment could abolish PPA1-mediated NSCLC progression. In summary, the aforementioned findings in this study suggest a new pathway the PPA1 mediates NSCLC progression either via TP53 or JNK. Most important, the pyrophosphatase activity is indispensible for PPA1-mediated NSCLC progression. This may provide a promising target for NSCLC therapy.
A fully automated pipeline for mining abdominal aortic aneurysm using image segmentation
Authors: Lareyre Fabien , Adam Cédric , Carrier Marion , Dommerc Carine , Mialhe Claude , Raffort Juliette 
Published: September 2019

AbstractImaging software have become critical tools in the diagnosis and the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). The aim of this study was to develop a fully automated software system to enable a fast and robust detection of the vascular system and the AAA. The software was designed from a dataset of injected CT-scans images obtained from 40 patients with AAA. Pre-processing steps were performed to reduce the noise of the images using image filters. The border propagation based method was used to localize the aortic lumen. An online error detection was implemented to correct errors due to the propagation in anatomic structures with similar pixel value located close to the aorta. A morphological snake was used to segment 2D or 3D regions. The software allowed an automatic detection of the aortic lumen and the AAA characteristics including the presence of thrombus and calcifications. 2D and 3D reconstructions visualization were available to ease evaluation of both algorithm precision and AAA properties. By enabling a fast and automated detailed analysis of the anatomic characteristics of the AAA, this software could be useful in clinical practice and research and be applied in a large dataset of patients.
Patterns of Anatomic Injury in Critically Injured Combat Casualties: A Network Analysis
Authors: Janak Jud C. , Mazuchowski Edward L. , Kotwal Russ S. , Stockinger Zsolt T. , Howard Jeffrey T. , Butler Frank K. , Sosnov Jonathan A. , Gurney Jennifer M. , Shackelford Stacy A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA mortality review of death caused by injury requires a determination of injury survivability prior to a determination of death preventability. If injuries are nonsurvivable, only non-medical primary prevention strategies have potential to prevent the death. Therefore, objective measures are needed to empirically inform injury survivability from complex anatomic patterns of injury. As a component of injury mortality reviews, network structures show promise to objectively elucidate survivability from complex anatomic patterns of injury resulting from explosive and firearm mechanisms. In this network analysis of 5,703 critically injured combat casualties, patterns of injury among fatalities from explosive mechanisms were associated with both a higher number and severity of anatomic injuries to regions such as the extremities, abdomen, and thorax. Patterns of injuries from a firearm were more isolated to individual body regions with fatal patterns involving more severe injuries to the head and thorax. Each injury generates a specific level of risk as part of an overall anatomic pattern to inform injury survivability not always captured by traditional trauma scoring systems. Network models have potential to further elucidate differences between potentially survivable and nonsurvivable anatomic patterns of injury as part of the mortality review process relevant to improving both the military and civilian trauma care systems.
The sugar code: letters and vocabulary, writers, editors and readers and biosignificance of functional glycan–lectin pairing
Authors: Kaltner Herbert , Abad-Rodríguez José , Corfield Anthony P. , Kopitz Jürgen , Gabius Hans-Joachim 
Published: September 2019

AbstractUbiquitous occurrence in Nature, abundant presence at strategically important places such as the cell surface and dynamic shifts in their profile by diverse molecular switches qualifies the glycans to serve as versatile biochemical signals. However, their exceptional structural complexity often prevents one noting how simple the rules of objective-driven assembly of glycan-encoded messages are. This review is intended to provide a tutorial for a broad readership. The principles of why carbohydrates meet all demands to be the coding section of an information transfer system, and this at unsurpassed high density, are explained. Despite appearing to be a random assortment of sugars and their substitutions, seemingly subtle structural variations in glycan chains by a sophisticated enzymatic machinery have emerged to account for their specific biological meaning. Acting as ‘readers’ of glycan-encoded information, carbohydrate-specific receptors (lectins) are a means to turn the glycans’ potential to serve as signals into a multitude of (patho)physiologically relevant responses. Once the far-reaching significance of this type of functional pairing has become clear, the various modes of spatial presentation of glycans and of carbohydrate recognition domains in lectins can be explored and rationalized. These discoveries are continuously revealing the intricacies of mutually adaptable routes to achieve essential selectivity and specificity. Equipped with these insights, readers will gain a fundamental understanding why carbohydrates form the third alphabet of life, joining the ranks of nucleotides and amino acids, and will also become aware of the importance of cellular communication via glycan–lectin recognition.
Secondary structure of caveolins: a mini review
Authors: Root Kyle T. , Julien Jeffrey A. , Glover Kerney Jebrell 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Caveolae are 50–100 nm invaginations found within the plasma membrane of cells. Caveolae are involved in many processes that are essential for homeostasis, most notably endocytosis, mechano-protection, and signal transduction. Within these invaginations, the most important proteins are caveolins, which in addition to participating in the aforementioned processes are structural proteins responsible for caveolae biogenesis. When caveolin is misregulated or mutated, many disease states can arise which include muscular dystrophy, cancers, and heart disease. Unlike most integral membrane proteins, caveolin does not have a transmembrane orientation; instead, it is postulated to adopt an unusual topography where both the N- and C-termini lie on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane, and the hydrophobic span adopts an intramembrane loop conformation. While knowledge concerning the biology of caveolin has progressed apace, fundamental structural information has proven more difficult to obtain. In this mini-review, we curate as well as critically assess the structural data that have been obtained on caveolins to date in order to build a robust and compelling model of the caveolin secondary structure.
A radio census of the massive stellar cluster Westerlund 1
Authors: Andrews H. , Fenech D. , Prinja R. K. , Clark J. S. , Hindson L. 
Published: September 2019

Context. Massive stars and their stellar winds are important for a number of feedback processes. The mass lost in the stellar wind can help determine the end-point of the star as a neutron star (NS) or a black hole (BH). However, the impact of mass loss on the post-main sequence evolutionary stage of massive stars is not well understood. Westerlund 1 is an ideal astrophysical laboratory in which to study massive stars and their winds in great detail over a large range of different evolutionary phases.
Aims. We aim to study the radio emission from Westerlund 1, in order to measure radio fluxes from the population of massive stars, and determine mass-loss rates and spectral indices where possible.
Methods. Observations were carried out in 2015 and 2016 with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) at 5.5 and 9 GHz using multiple configurations, with maximum baselines ranging from 750 m to 6 km.
Results. Thirty stars are detected in the radio from the fully concatenated dataset, ten of which are Wolf-Rayet stars (WRs) (predominantly late type WN stars), five yellow hypergiants (YHGs), four red supergiants (RSGs), one luminous blue variable (LBV), the sgB[e] star W9, and several OB supergiants. New source detections in the radio are found for five WR stars, and five OB supergiants. These detections lead to evidence for three new OB supergiant binary candidates, which is inferred from derived spectral index limits.
Conclusions. Spectral indices and index limits were determined for massive stars in Westerlund 1. For cluster members found to have partially optically thick emission, mass-loss rates were calculated. Under the approximation of a thermally emitting stellar wind and a steady mass-loss rate, clumping ratios were then estimated for eight WRs. Diffuse radio emission was detected throughout the cluster. Detections of knots of radio emission with no known stellar counterparts indicate the highly clumped structure of this intra-cluster medium, likely shaped by a dense cluster wind.
Cavum Septum Pellucidum: Significance and Management
Authors: Bora Santanu , Tirpude Amit Purushottam , Gaikwad Manisha , Sahu Rabi N , Chinzah Lalsangzuala , Kujur Babita , Haldar Arpan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCavum septum pellucidum (CSP) is a cystic midline brain malformation; it is mostly congenital but can also be acquired. CSP is mostly asymptomatic. Symptomatic CSP is very rare. Clinical presentation is usually nonspecific which may be due to increased intracranial pressure as a result of obstructive hydrocephalus or due to direct compression of the nearby structures. Diagnosis of CSP is not very easy specially relating its contribution to the presenting symptoms is difficult. However, once diagnosis is established surgery remains the treatment of choice. Nowadays endoscopic fenestration of the cyst is the surgical modality of choice. The outcome after surgical intervention is very promising with relief of obstructive symptoms along with improvement of cognitive function and behavioral symptoms.
Apparent thinning of human visual cortex during childhood is associated with myelination
Authors: Natu Vaidehi S. , Gomez Jesse , Barnett Michael , Jeska Brianna , Kirilina Evgeniya , Jaeger Carsten , Zhen Zonglei , Cox Siobhan , Weiner Kevin S. , Weiskopf Nikolaus , Grill-Spector Kalanit 
Published: September 2019

Significance
MRI data suggest that the thickness of the human cortex appears to decrease during childhood development. However, the underlying microstructural mechanisms are unknown. Using multiple quantitative neuroimaging methods that are sensitive to microstructural tissue content, we found that gray matter tissue and its adjacent white matter in high-level visual cortex show tissue growth related to myelination. Increased myelin alters the contrast between gray and white matter in MRI images and, in turn, affects the apparent cortical boundary. These findings are important because they suggest that cortex does not thin during childhood but instead gets more myelinated. Our data impact understanding of typical and atypical brain development, and clinical conditions implicating myelin including dyslexia, autism, and multiple sclerosis.
Individual and collective encoding of risk in animal groups
Authors: Sosna Matthew M. G. , Twomey Colin R. , Bak-Coleman Joseph , Poel Winnie , Daniels Bryan C. , Romanczuk Pawel , Couzin Iain D. 
Published: September 2019

SignificanceMany biological systems exhibit an emergent ability to process information about their environment. This collective cognition emerges as a result of both the behavior of system components and their interactions, yet the relative importance of the two is often hard to disentangle. Here, we combined experiments and modeling to examine how fish schools collectively encode information about the external environment. We demonstrate that risk is predominantly encoded in the physical structure of groups, which individuals modulate in a way that augments or dampens behavioral cascades. We show that this modulation is necessary for behavioral cascades to spread and that it allows collective systems to be responsive to their environments even without changes in individual computation.
Ca isotopes record rapid crystal growth in volcanic and subvolcanic systems
Authors: Antonelli Michael A. , Mittal Tushar , McCarthy Anders , Tripoli Barbara , Watkins James M. , DePaolo Donald J. 
Published: September 2019

Significance
Timescale estimates for crystal growth in volcanic systems, which are generally much shorter than absolute crystal ages, are thought to be shortest in mafic (vs. silicic) systems. However, this result may be influenced by assumptions for growth rates and/or methodological biases. We show that Ca isotopes can be used to constrain crystal growth rates in volcanic systems and confirm that large kinetic isotope effects can arise during plagioclase crystallization in natural phenocrystic, orbicular, and experimental samples. Combined with crystal-size distribution analyses, our approach can constrain timescales for phenocryst formation across all major bulk magma compositions, without having to assume crystal growth rates. Our results yield comparable rejuvenation timescales for the silicic and mafic systems studied.
Fully 3D-printed carbon nanotube field emission electron sources with in-plane gate electrode
Authors: Perales-Martinez Imperio Anel , Velásquez-García Luis Fernando 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We report the design, fabrication, and experimental characterization of the first fully additively manufactured carbon nanotube (CNT) field emission electron sources. The devices are created via direct ink writing (DIW)—one of the least expensive and most versatile additive manufacturing methods, capable of creating monolithic multi-material objects. The devices are 2.5 cm by 2.5 cm glass substrates coated with two imprints, i.e. a trace made of a CNT ink (the emitting electrode), symmetrically surrounded on both sides by a trace made of Ag microparticle ink (the in-plane extractor gate). The CNT ink is a mixture of (–COOH)-functionalized multiwalled CNTs (MWCNTs), N,N-Dimethylformamide, and ethyl cellulose. Optimization of the formulation of the CNT ink resulted in a MWCNT concentration equal to 0.82 wt% and in imprints with an electrical resistivity equal to 0.78 Ω cm. 3D-printed devices having CNT imprints with active length equal to 25 mm (a single, straight trace with 174.5 μm gap between adjacent Ag microparticle imprints) and 135 mm (a square-loop spiral with 499 μm gap between Ag microparticle adjacent imprints) were characterized in a triode configuration (i.e. using an external anode electrode) at ∼2.5 × 10–7 Torr, yielding emission currents as large as 120 μA (60 μA cm−2), start-up voltages as low as 62 V and gate transmission as high as 99%. The low-cost cold cathode technology is compatible with compact applications such as miniaturized mass spectrometry, handheld x-ray generation, and nanosatellite electric propulsion.
Scaling theory for two-dimensional single domain growth driven by attachment of diffusing adsorbates
Authors: Seki Kazuhiko 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Epitaxial growth methods are a key technology used in producing large-area thin films on substrates but as a result of various factors controlling growth processes the rational optimization of growth conditions is rather difficult. Mathematical modeling is one approach used in studying the effects of controlling factors on domain growth. The present study is motivated by a recently found scaling relation between the domain radius and time for chemical vapor deposition of graphene. Mathematically, we need to solve the Stefan problem; when the boundary moves, its position should be determined separately from the boundary conditions needed to obtain the spatial profile of diffusing adsorbates. We derive a closed equation for the growth rate constant defined as the domain area divided by the time duration. We obtain approximate analytical expressions for the growth rate; the growth rate constant is expressed as a function of the two-dimensional diffusion constant and the rate constant for the attachment of adsorbates to the solid domain. In experiments, the area is decreased by stopping the source gas flow. The rate of decrease of the area is obtained from theory. The theoretical results presented provide a foundation to study controlling factors for domain growth.
Implementations of more general solid-state (SWAP)

1

/

m

and controlled-(swap)

1

/

m

gates
Authors: Liu Wen-Qiang , Wei Hai-Rui 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Universal quantum gates are the core elements in quantum information processing. We design two schemes to realize more general (SWAP)1/m
and controlled-(swap)1/m
gates (for integer

m
≥
1

) by directing flying single photons to solid-state quantum dots. The parameter m is easily controlled by adjusting two quarter-wave plates and one half-wave plate. Additional computational qubits are not required to construct the two gates. Evaluations of the gates indicate that our proposals are feasible with current experimental technology.
Dissipative correlated dynamics of a moving impurity immersed in a Bose–Einstein condensate
Authors: Mistakidis S I , Grusdt F , Koutentakis G M , Schmelcher P 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We unravel the nonequilibrium correlated quantum quench dynamics of an impurity traveling through a harmonically confined Bose–Einstein condensate in one-dimension. For weak repulsive interspecies interactions the impurity oscillates within the bosonic gas. At strong repulsions and depending on its prequench position the impurity moves towards an edge of the bosonic medium and subsequently equilibrates. This equilibration being present independently of the initial velocity, the position and the mass of the impurity is inherently related to the generation of entanglement in the many-body system. Focusing on attractive interactions the impurity performs a damped oscillatory motion within the bosonic bath, a behavior that becomes more evident for stronger attractions. To elucidate our understanding of the dynamics an effective potential picture is constructed. The effective mass of the emergent quasiparticle is measured and found to be generically larger than the bare one, especially for strong attractions. In all cases, a transfer of energy from the impurity to the bosonic medium takes place. Finally, by averaging over a sample of simulated in situ single-shot images we expose how the single-particle density distributions and the two-body interspecies correlations can be probed.
Hyperspectral environmental monitoring
Authors: Zdravcheva N D 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The report has made a critical analysis of modern hyper-spectral methods and their importance for the realization of reliable and effective control of the state of natural resources. The spectral characteristics of some objects and the creation of spectral libraries are examined. Attention is paid to the principles, ways and means of obtaining the hyper-spectral images, their specifics and characteristics, the trends in their development and their use in solving different socio-economic and scientific-applied tasks in the field of environmental monitoring. It also analyses its organization with a view to the effective use of complex data supplied by space, aviation and ground-based sources.