bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Short‐Term Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure and Disease Severity in Juvenile Dermatomyositis: Results From the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Legacy Registry
Authors: Neely Jessica , Long Craig S. , Sturrock Hugh , Kim Susan ,   for the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Registry Investigators
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveUltraviolet (UV) radiation is considered to be an important environmental factor in the clinical course of children with juvenile dermatomyositis (DM). We aimed to evaluate the association between UV radiation and severe disease outcomes in juvenile DM.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study of patients with juvenile DM enrolled in the US multicenter Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) Legacy Registry from 2010 to 2015. The mean UV index (UVI) in the calendar month prior to symptom onset in each subject's zip code was calculated from daily satellite solar noon measurements. Multivariable logistic regression was used to model the relationship between the mean UVI and calcinosis as well as other outcomes of severe disease. Covariates included sex, race, age, time to diagnosis, disease duration, and latitude.ResultsIn a multivariable model, there was no association between the mean UVI and calcinosis. African American race was associated with a 3‐fold greater odds of calcinosis. However, there was a significant statistical interaction between race and mean UVI. Accounting for this interaction, the odds of calcinosis markedly decreased in African American subjects and steadily increased in non–African American subjects over a range of increasing the mean UVI. Higher mean UVI was associated with decreased odds of using biologics or nonmethotrexate disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs and skin ulceration.ConclusionWe described a novel association between UV radiation, calcinosis, and race in a large cohort of patients with juvenile DM. This study furthers our knowledge of the role of UV radiation in the clinical course of juvenile DM and highlights the complex interplay between genes and environment in the clinical phenotypes and development of calcinosis in children with juvenile DM.
Electrical Detection and Magnetic Imaging of Stabilized Magnetic Skyrmions in Fe1−xCoxGe (x < 0.1) Microplates
Authors: Stolt Matthew J. , Schneider Sebastian , Mathur Nitish , Shearer Melinda J. , Rellinghaus Bernd , Nielsch Kornelius , Jin Song 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMagnetic skyrmions are topologically protected spin textures that are being investigated for their potential use in next generation magnetic storage devices. Here, magnetic skyrmions and other magnetic phases in Fe1−xCoxGe (x < 0.1) microplates (MPLs) newly synthesized via chemical vapor deposition are studied using both magnetic imaging and transport measurements. Lorentz transmission electron microscopy reveals a stabilized magnetic skyrmion phase near room temperature (≈280 K) and a quenched metastable skyrmion lattice via field cooling. Magnetoresistance (MR) measurements in three different configurations reveal a unique anomalous MR signal at temperatures below 200 K and two distinct field dependent magnetic transitions. The topological Hall effect (THE), known as the electronic signature of magnetic skyrmion phase, is detected for the first time in a Fe1−xCoxGe nanostructure, with a large and positive peak THE resistivity of ≈32 nΩ cm at 260 K. This large magnitude is attributed to both nanostructuring and decreased carrier concentrations due to Co alloying of the Fe1−xCoxGe MPL. A consistent magnetic phase diagram summarized from both the magnetic imaging and transport measurements shows that the magnetic skyrmions are stabilized in Fe1−xCoxGe MPLs compared to bulk materials. This study lays the foundation for future skyrmion‐based nanodevices in information storage technologies.
Flexible and Transparent Electrochromic Displays with Simultaneously Implementable Subpixelated Ion Gel‐Based Viologens by Multiple Patterning
Authors: Kim Jong‐Woo , Myoung Jae‐Min 
Published: February 2019

AbstractElectrochromic materials reversibly change colors by redox reactions depending on the oxidation states. To utilize electrochromic materials for active‐matrix display applications, an electrochromic display (ECD) requires simultaneous implementation of various colors and a fine‐pixelation process. Herein, flexible and transparent ECDs with simultaneously implementable subpixelated EC gels by sequential multiple patterning are successfully demonstrated. Ionic liquid‐based EC gels of monoheptyl‐viologen, diheptyl‐viologen (DHV), and diphenyl‐viologen (DPV) are used to create the colors of ECDs: magenta, blue, and green, respectively. Especially, to realize an improved green color, DHV–DPV composite gels are synthesized. Three EC gels exhibit stable properties without degradation during repetitive operation. Moreover, a transmittance greater than 90% is maintained in a bleached state, which is sufficient for application as a transparent display. The subpixelation process for multicolored‐flexible ECDs is designed to facilitate both easy fabrication and rapid operation with various patterns at low cost. The subpixelated EC gels using a film mask can be implemented to a minimum size of 200 µm. Furthermore, the subpixelated flexible ECDs exhibit high durability even after 1000 cycles of mechanical bending tests at a bending radius of 10 mm. Therefore, these EC materials can be used directly for flexible and transparent active‐matrix displays.
Decellularized Extracellular Matrix Materials for Cardiac Repair and Regeneration
Authors: Bejleri Donald , Davis Michael E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDecellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) is a promising biomaterial for repairing cardiovascular tissue, as dECM most effectively captures the complex array of proteins, glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, and many other matrix components that are found in native tissue, providing ideal cues for regeneration and repair of damaged myocardium. dECM can be used in a variety of forms, such as solid scaffolds that maintain native matrix structure, or as soluble materials that can form injectable hydrogels for tissue repair. dECM has found recent success in many regeneration and repair therapies, such as for musculoskeletal, neural, and liver tissues. This review focuses on dECM in the context of cardiovascular applications, with variations in tissue and species sourcing, and specifically discusses advances in solid and soluble dECM development, in vitro studies, in vivo implementation, and clinical translation.
Fullerene‐Based In Situ Doping of N and Fe into a 3D Cross‐Like Hierarchical Carbon Composite for High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Peng Zhiyao , Hu Yajing , Wang Jingjing , Liu Sijie , Li Chenxi , Jiang Qinglong , Lu Jun , Zeng Xiaoqiao , Peng Ping , Li Fang‐Fang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFullerene‐based carbons are promising electrode materials for supercapacitors due to their unique carbon structures and tunable architectures at the molecular level. By introducing various functional groups with many elements on the fullerene cages, diverse in situ metal/nonmetal‐doped carbon materials with enhanced pseudocapacitances and/or double layer capacitances can be prepared. In the present work, a fullerene derivative, ferrocenylpyrrolidine C60, containing nitrogen and iron, is chosen as the only precursor. A unique microstructure is fabricated by a liquid–liquid interfacial precipitation process. Subsequently, a facile, one‐step annealing of the microstructure at different temperatures is performed. A series of in situ N and Fe‐codoped laminated 3D hierarchical carbon composites in the shape of a cross are successfully synthesized. The as‐prepared N and Fe‐codoped carbon material treated at 700 °C exhibits a high specific capacitance of 505.4 F g−1 at 0.1 A g−1. To the best knowledge, this is the highest supercapacitor capacitance based on fullerene electrode materials. The use of a fullerene derivative as an in‐situ doped carbon for applications in energy storage opens a new avenue for developing future synthetic strategies to extend the repertoire of electrode materials with high performance.
Lithium/Oxygen Incorporation and Microstructural Evolution during Synthesis of Li‐Rich Layered Li[Li0.2Ni0.2Mn0.6]O2 Oxides
Authors: Hua Weibo , Chen Mingzhe , Schwarz Björn , Knapp Michael , Bruns Michael , Barthel Juri , Yang Xiushan , Sigel Florian , Azmi Raheleh , Senyshyn Anatoliy , Missiul Alkesandr , Simonelli Laura , Etter Martin , Wang Suning , Mu Xiaoke , Fiedler Andy , Binder Joachim R. , Guo Xiaodong , Chou Shulei , Zhong Benhe , Indris Sylvio , Ehrenberg Helmut 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAs promising cathode materials, the lithium‐excess 3d‐transition‐metal layered oxides can deliver much higher capacities (>250 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C) than the current commercial layered oxide materials (≈180 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C) used in lithium ion batteries. Unfortunately, the original formation mechanism of these layered oxides during synthesis is not completely elucidated, that is, how is lithium and oxygen inserted into the matrix structure of the precursor during lithiation reaction? Here, a promising and practical method, a coprecipitation route followed by a microwave heating process, for controllable synthesis of cobalt‐free lithium‐excess layered compounds is reported. A series of the consistent results unambiguously confirms that oxygen atoms are successively incorporated into the precursor obtained by a coprecipitation process to maintain electroneutrality and to provide the coordination sites for inserted Li ions and transition metal cations via a high‐temperature lithiation. It is found that the electrochemical performances of the cathode materials are strongly related to the phase composition and preparation procedure. The monoclinic layered Li[Li0.2Ni0.2Mn0.6]O2 cathode materials with state‐of‐the‐art electrochemical performance and comparably high discharge capacities of 171 mAh g−1 at 10 C are obtained by microwave annealing at 750 °C for 2 h.
Survivin facilitates T‐helper 2–biased inflammation in the airway
Authors: Xue Jin‐Mei , Zhao Mei‐Zhen , Ma Fei , Li Shan‐Shan , Mo Li‐Hua , Zeng Xian‐Hai , Wu Yong‐Jin , Liu Jiang‐Qi , Hu Tian‐Yong , Xie Rui‐Di , Liu Zhi‐Gang , Zhao Chang‐Qing , Yang Ping‐Chang 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundThe biased T helper 2 (Th2) responses play a critical role in the pathogenesis of allergy. The underlying mechanism is not fully understood yet. Survivin can regulate multiple cellular activities. This study aims to elucidate the role of survivin in the development and maintenance of Th2 polarization.MethodsCD4+ T cells were isolated from blood samples collected from patients with allergic asthma (AS) and HS control (HS) subjects. Mice carrying CD4+ T cells with survivin knockout (KO mice) were employed to test the role of survivin in the development of the biased Th2 responses.ResultsKO mice failed to induce airway allergy. Peripheral CD4+ T cells expressed survivin, which was higher in the AS group than that in the HS group. Naive CD4+ T cells with higher expression of survivin were prone to differentiating into Th2 cells. Survivin bound to the Il4 promoter in CD4+ T cells to enhance Il4 gene transcription. The expression of Fas was lower in CD4+ T cells of the AS group than that in the HS group. Overexpression of survivin suppressed the expression of Fas and impaired the activation‐induced cell death (AICD) of CD4+ T cells.ConclusionSurvivin facilitates the development of biased Th2 polarization through promoting expression of interleukin 4 (IL‐4) and impairing the AICD machinery of CD4+ T cells. To modulate the expression of survivin in CD4+ T cells has the translational potential in the treatment of allergic diseases.
Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Chiral Heteroaromatic Propellers with Small Optical Bandgaps
Authors: Navakouski Maksim , Zhylitskaya Halina , Chmielewski Piotr J. , Lis Tadeusz , Cybińska Joanna , Stępień Marcin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractChiral heteroaromatic propellers based on radially π‐extended hexapyrrolohexaazacoronenes were obtained in a concise synthesis from suitably functionalized donor–acceptor monopyrroles. To overcome steric hindrance, a new cyclodehydrogenation method was developed, and it uses bromine electrophiles as oxidative coupling agents instead of the commonly employed high‐potential oxidants. The new reaction offers high yields of propeller‐shaped targets, even for electron‐deficient precursors, and shows electrophile‐dependent stereoselectivity, with N‐bromosuccinimide and dibromine yielding, respectively D6‐ and C2‐symmetric products. The propeller azacoronenes are chiral and can be separated into configurationally stable enantiomers. In addition to providing steric bulk, peripheral functionalization considerably affects the electronic properties of the propellers, which exhibit reduced optical and electrochemical band gaps, and a more clearly defined electroreduction behavior.
Phosphahelicenes: From Chiroptical and Photophysical Properties to OLED Applications
Authors: Yavari Keihann , Delaunay Wylliam , De Rycke Nicolas , Reynaldo Thibault , Aillard Paul , Srebro‐Hooper Monika , Chang Victoria Y. , Muller Gilles , Tondelier Denis , Geffroy Bernard , Voituriez Arnaud , Marinetti Angela , Hissler Muriel , Crassous Jeanne 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHerein, the experimental physicochemical and chiroptical properties of a series of phosphahelicenes are reported, focusing on their UV/Vis absorption, luminescence, electronic circular dichroism, optical rotations, and circularly polarized luminescence. Furthermore, detailed analysis of absorption and ECD spectra performed with the help of quantum‐chemical calculations allowed us to highlight general features of these helicenic phosphines. Finally, due to well‐suited electrochemical properties and thermal stability, the systems were successfully used as emitters in organic light‐emitting diodes.
Hydrogen supply via power‐to‐gas application in the renewable fuels regulations of petroleum fuels
Authors: Alsubaie Abdullah A. , Fowler Michael , Elkamel Ali 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPower‐to‐gas (PtG) is an evolving energy storage technique that can transfer surplus and intermittent renewable generated power into a marketable hydrogen, among other ancillary services for the electrical grid. This study provides a comparative assessment of blending 10 % corn‐ethanol and using an electrolytic hydrogen supply via PtG on the well to wheel of gasoline fuel, based on Ontario's energy system. The analysis is performed using the GREET® model to investigate the energy and emissions results of the subject comparison. Consequently, PtG renewable hydrogen, when used for gasoline production, is found to decrease 4.6 % of the natural gas consumption of the gasoline cycle and, therefore, increase the renewable content of gasoline. Furthermore, the deployment of electrolytic hydrogen at the refinery results in minimizing gasoline carbon intensity by 0.15 kg CO2e per 100 km (0.5 g CO2e per MJ) of the fuel. When associated with the annual gasoline sales in Ontario, the use of electrolytic hydrogen can offer a reduction of 0.26 MT of greenhouse gas emissions yearly. Moreover, the hydrogen supply from the PtG method used for gasoline production may contribute to lowering VOCs, NOx, PM10, and PM2.5 criteria air pollutants from the gasoline cycle, which cannot be achieved with blending corn‐based ethanol. Therefore, the results of this paper support the inclusion of the PtG concept in renewable fuels regulations for petroleum fuels.
Improvement of Aglycone π‐Stacking Yields Nanomolar to Sub‐nanomolar FimH Antagonists
Authors: Schönemann Wojciech , Cramer Jonathan , Mühlethaler Tobias , Fiege Brigitte , Silbermann Marleen , Rabbani Said , Dätwyler Philipp , Zihlmann Pascal , Jakob Roman P. , Sager Christoph P. , Smieško Martin , Schwardt Oliver , Maier Timm , Ernst Beat 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance has become a serious concern for the treatment of urinary tract infections. In this context, an anti‐adhesive approach targeting FimH, a bacterial lectin enabling the attachment of E. coli to host cells, has attracted considerable interest. FimH can adopt a low/medium‐affinity state in the absence and a high‐affinity state in the presence of shear forces. Until recently, mostly the high‐affinity state has been investigated, despite the fact that a therapeutic antagonist should bind predominantly to the low‐affinity state. In this communication, we demonstrate that fluorination of biphenyl α‐d‐mannosides leads to compounds with perfect π–π stacking interactions with the tyrosine gate of FimH, yielding low nanomolar to sub‐nanomolar KD values for the low‐ and high‐affinity states, respectively. The face‐to‐face alignment of the perfluorinated biphenyl group of FimH ligands and Tyr48 was confirmed by crystal structures as well as 1H,15N‐HSQC NMR analysis. Finally, fluorination improves pharmacokinetic parameters predictive for oral availability.
An intelligent and robust conditional privacy preserving authentication and group‐key management scheme for vehicular ad hoc networks using elliptic curve cryptosystem
Authors: Pulagara Seshu Babu , Alphonse P.J.A. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryFrom the last decade, every developing nations are focusing on the smart cities. Smart city will provide all necessary services, ie, water management, waste management, traffic management, and health services, to its citizens effectively. A new paradigm in the smart vehicles is able to form a network called vehicular ad hoc network (VANET). There is a wireless enabled roadside unit (RSU) through which the vehicle drivers can effectively exchange the important traffic data and take proper driving decisions. Each roadside unit is capable of managing some vehicles, which can form a group. There are many schemes available for data transmission in VANET group but they are less secured. In this paper, we propose an intelligent conditional privacy preserving scheme for vehicular ad hoc networks using elliptic curve cryptography. The security analysis showed that the proposed scheme is intelligent, efficient, and easily deployable.
A compact CMOS DC‐DC buck converter based on a novel complement value leaping PWM technique
Authors: Monfaredi Khalil , Yousefi Mousa , Razyani Kamran 
Published: February 2019

SummaryA very compact ultra‐low power DC‐DC buck converter is presented. The proposed buck converter employs a novel complement value leaping pulse‐width modulation (PWM) technique to realize the desired DC mean‐value for various loads. Incorporating just two counters with a simple digital controller to load the repeatedly complemented value of the 4bit up/down counter as the initial value of the least significant bits of the 5bit up counter, a PWM pulse is created to manage the charge/recharge period. The realized PWM signal maintains the same desired output voltage mean value for any load resistance between 80 and 140 Ω. The switching frequency is 160 kHz, and the overall power consumption is 26.9 nW, while the efficiency is 93.4% for current range of 1.7 to 3 mA. The performance of the proposed converter is validated by Cadence post‐layout simulations utilizing TSMC180nm CMOS technology for 1‐V supply voltage providing the output voltage mean value of 0.24 V.
Characteristics of a dual‐radio‐frequency cylindrical inductively coupled plasma
Authors: Hua Yue , Song Jian , Hao Zeyu , Zhang Gailing , Ren Chunsheng 
Published: February 2019

The plasma parameters such as electron density, effective electron temperature, plasma potential, and uniformity are investigated in a new dual‐frequency cylindrical inductively coupled plasma (ICP) source operating at two frequencies (2 and 13.56 MHz) and two antennas (a two‐turn high‐frequency antenna and a six‐turn low‐frequency (LF) antenna). It is found that the electron density increases with 2 MHz power, whereas the electron temperature and plasma potential decrease with 2 MHz power at a fixed 13.56 MHz power. Moreover, the plasma uniformity can be improved by adjusting the LF power. These results indicate that a dual‐frequency synergistic discharge in a cylindrical ICP can produce a high‐density, low‐potential, low‐effective‐electron‐temperature, and uniform plasma.
Protective role of sitagliptin against oxidative stress in a kainic acid‐induced status epilepticus in rats models via Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway
Authors: Wang Chong‐Hao , Zhu Na 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAim: Sitagliptin (Sita) is a dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor which has been approved as a curing medicine for Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and has also reported its neuroprotective and antioxidant activity. This article describes the therapeutic eﬀects of Sita on induced rat model of SE by kainic acid (KA) and investigated the antioxidative pathway of sita. Methods: Sprague–Dawley male rats were used randomly divided in four groups: vehicle control, KA and Sita + KA in a 5 and 10 mg/kg doses respectively in further groups. SE in rats was induced by the administration of KA in Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) intraperitoneally (IP) in a dose of 15 mg/kg. Seizure intensity, oxidative stress parameters, TUNEL assay, histopathology, and Nrf2/HO‐1 expressions were evaluated. Results: Increment in the latency in SE results in delaying the initiation of disease in the pretreated rats by Sita compared to induce group (KA) as well the percentage of occurrence of SE was decreased. The content of MDA elevates whereas the SOD production decreases on administering the KA at various time intervals. Sita shows protective action against the KA‐induced SE by reducing the oxidative stress thus inhibiting the change in SOD and MDA was observed after KA administration prior SE onset. Based on the above results, the study explains possible molecular mechanism of Sita. Sita Pretreatment showed significant elevation in expression of Nrf2 and HO‐1 proteins in hippocampus region of the brain. Conclusion: Above parameters defines the potential effect of Sita on brain injury occurred due to SE by anti‐oxidative pathway.