bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The legal foundations of post-mortem examinations in early modern Flanders. Princely legislation, custom, doctrine and judicial practice
Authors: Dekoster Kevin 
Published: July 2019

Summary
Because of its manifold references to the consultation of medical experts in homicide and infanticide cases, the Constitutio Criminalis Carolina of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V (1532) is often regarded as an important milestone in the development of early modern forensic medicine. During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries the County of Flanders, a principality within the Habsburg Netherlands, witnessed a similar upsurge in the production of normative and doctrinal texts aiming to regulate forensic activities. Drawing on princely legislation, local customary law and the writings of the jurists Filips Wielant and Joos de Damhouder, this contribution will compare the corpus of Flemish legal texts with its practical application by the myriad of law courts operating within the county. As the princely legislation only laid out a general framework, the regulation of the forensic post-mortem was essentially an issue of local governance. The local nature of forensic practices should however not be overestimated. Evidence from preserved post-mortem reports demonstrates that there were more similarities between towns and regions within the county than actual differences.
Filial Phantasmagoria
Authors: Lambe Jennifer L. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Antonio Maceo Grajales (1845–1896) is one of the most celebrated heroes of Cuban independence. Though he died before he could see the dawn of a sovereign, if U.S.-occupied, Cuba, Maceo would become an important node of nationalist commemoration. Throughout this process, Maceo’s blackness represented both a source of his prestige—the struggle against African slavery had been intimately tied to independence—and a barometer of lingering racial inequalities. Posthumous depictions thus tended to downplay racial tensions in a unifying vision of nation. Yet Maceo’s martyrdom in the Spanish-Cuban-American War also reverberated in more uncanny registers. Before and after his death, apocryphal sons emerged periodically from the shadows, opening battles over Maceo’s legacy. In their movement across borders, these real and apocryphal children gave voice to silences around race and sovereignty as they converged on the body of their lionized “father,” while also opening up narrative spaces wherein the status quo could be reimagined.
Fifty Shades of Trade
Authors: Espersen Ryan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
From 1816 to the 1830s, the islands of St. Eustatius, Saba, St. Thomas, St. Maarten, and St. Barts were actively engaged with illicit trade in ships, prize goods, and the transatlantic slave trade. Ships’ crews, governors, and merchants took advantage of the islands’ physical, political, and legal environments to effectively launder goods, ships, and people that were actively involved in these activities. St. Thomas stands out due to the longevity of its status as a regional and international hub for illicit trade at the end of Atlantic and Caribbean privateering and piracy. Within this social and political environment, this paper will unveil the tensions between international, regional, and local interests that drove merchants and colonial officials on St. Thomas to engage with illegal transatlantic slave traders, privateers, and pirates, during the early nineteenth century. Secondly, this paper will reveal the processes through which these relations occurred.
Christian-Muslim Relations: an Analysis of the Quranic Articulation of Christian Friendliness to Muslims
Authors: Islam Tazul 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The Quranic discourse on Christians is paradoxical because its narratives express both compliments and condemnation, reproach and rapprochement. Scholars debate the sentiments behind the Quranic assertion that Christians are “certainly nearest in friendship” to the Muslim believers (Q 5:82). While some believe that this forms an incentive for rapprochement between Muslims and Christians, others interpret it in completely the opposite way. As such, this study aims to answer the fundamental question of whether Christian-Muslim friendship is possible. To come to a conclusion, it will examine the pros and cons of Christian-Muslim friendship that are detailed in both classical and modern exegeses concerning the nature of such friendship, the reasons behind it, and the identity of the friendly Christians mentioned in the Quran. It is expected that the result of this study will contribute to revising current understanding of Christian-Muslim relations.
Functional brain effects of acute concussion in Australian rules football players
Authors: Jackson Graeme D , Makdissi Michael , Pedersen Mangor , Parker Donna M , Curwood Evan K , Farquharson Shawna , Connelly Alan , Abbott David F , McCrory Paul 
Published: July 2019

Aim To determine whether acute sport-related concussion is associated with functional brain changes in Australian rules footballers. Methods Twenty acutely concussed professional Australian footballers were studied with 3 T magnetic resonance imaging and compared to 20 age-matched control subjects. We statistically compared whole-brain local functional magnetic resonance imaging connectivity between acutely concussed footballers and controls using voxel-wise permutation testing. Results The acutely concussed football players had significantly decreased local functional magnetic resonance imaging connectivity in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, right inferior parietal lobe, and right anterior insula, compared to controls. No functional brain changes between groups within the default mode network were observed. Discussion Acutely concussed footballers had in common decreased functional connectivity within the right lateralized “cognitive control network” of the brain that is involved in executive functions, and the “salience network” involved in switching between tasks. Dysfunction of these brain regions is a plausible explanation for typical clinical features of concussion.
The Association Between Wait Times and Patient Satisfaction: Findings From Primary Health Centers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alrasheedi Khaled Falah , AL-Mohaithef Mohammed , Edrees Hanan H. , Chandramohan Sriram 
Published: July 2019

Background: It is no doubt that longer wait times can affect patient care and patients’ willingness to seek health-care services. Not only does this disrupt the continuity of treatment and care, but it also negatively impacts patient outcomes. During the past few years, the concept of patient satisfaction has become a vital component in assessing the delivery and efficiency of care. Patient satisfaction is a performance indicator that measures the extent to which patient is content and satisfied with the level of care provided by health-care institutions and providers. Therefore, this research examined association between the wait times and patient satisfaction in selected primary health-care centers in Al Qassim region in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methodology: A patient satisfaction questionnaire was administered to 850 patients, which collected patient perceptions on the delivery of care at health-care centers in Al Qassim City. Outcome measures included wait times for: registration and payment, seeing the physician, performing radiation and assays, and dispensing the medications. Results: The response rate was 72.94% (n = 620). The study found that 27.90% of the participants stated that the wait time to see the physician ranged between 21 and 30 minutes. Overall patients were mainly dissatisfied for wait times in relation to medication dispensation, vital signs measurement, dental consultations, and radiological investigation. The study found a positive association between the patient satisfaction and their education, marital status, and job. A significant regression equation was established between the patient satisfaction and age-group and literacy. Conclusion: The study advocated the need for recent technology, sufficient staffing, and patient-centered friendly methods to reduce wait times.
Improper Communication Makes for Squat: A Qualitative Study of the Health-Care Processes Experienced By Older Adults in a Clinical Trial for Back Pain
Authors: Wells Breanne M , Salsbury Stacie A , Nightingale Lia M , Derby Dustin C , Lawrence Dana J , Goertz Christine M 
Published: July 2019

Background: The study focused on perceptions of older adults toward the healthcare processes they experienced during a clinical trial for back pain that involved family medicine residents and licensed chiropractors. Methods: Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 115 older adults after a 12-week, 3-arm, randomized controlled trial. Two researchers conducted thematic analysis with inductive coding using qualitative software to identify participants’ salient experiences of the doctor–patient relationship, healthcare process, and collaboration between study providers. Investigators categorized thematic codes within an existing framework of clinical excellence in primary care. Results: Participants emphasized provider communication and interpersonal relationships, professionalism and passion for patient care, clinical and diagnostic acumen, and skillful negotiation of the health-care system. Older adults also described the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and their preferences for receiving hands-on treatments for musculoskeletal conditions. Conclusion: These older adults valued doctors who communicated clearly and spent time listening to their concerns. Many participants appreciated clinicians who supported an active role for patients in their health-care and who provided touch-based care for musculoskeletal conditions.
Journey of the Patient With Melanoma: Understanding Resource Use and Bridging the Gap Between Dermatologist, Surgeon, and Oncologist in Different Health Care Systems
Authors: Pereira da Veiga Cássia Rita , Pereira da Veiga Claudimar , Drummond-Lage Ana Paula , Alves Wainstein Alberto Julius , Cristina de Melo Andreia 
Published: July 2019

PURPOSE New scientific evidence has led to modifications in the clinical practice of handling melanoma. In health care systems, there is currently a wide variety of clinical procedures to treat cancer, and the various routes have different effects on the survival of patients with cancer. Thus, this article aimed to evaluate the journey of patients with melanoma in the public and private health care systems in Brazil from the viewpoint of different medical professionals involved in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. The study also considers the resources used for the complete delivery cycle of health care at different stages of the evolution of melanoma. METHODS We conducted a behavioral study by applying a questionnaire to a group of medical professionals. A nonprobabilistic sampling method for convenience was used, justified by the heterogeneous national incidence and the limited availability of medical professionals who diagnose and treat melanoma. RESULTS The questionnaire was answered by 138 doctors, including doctors from the Brazilian states with the highest concentration of medical specialists and regions with a higher melanoma incidence. The results of this study have the potential to enrich our understanding of the reality of Brazilian health care systems and, at the same time, allow us to discuss the multiple ways in which professionals from diverse specialist fields understand and explain decision making in health care. CONCLUSION Health care decision making is complex and, among other factors, depends on the diversity of available health resources and the knowledge of which treatments provide the greatest benefit to patients and greatest value to the system as a whole. This work can inform debates and reflection that are applicable not only in Brazil, but also in various other countries with similar realities.
Right to Environment and Right to Development: A Judicial Conundrum
Authors: Shankar Uday , Bindal Saurabh 
Published: July 2019

Pollution free environment is indispensible for the inhabitants of this planet. The Supreme Court of India taking cognizance of the same in its judicial creativity has accorded the right to live in a pollution free environment the status of a fundamental right under Article 21 of the Constitution of India. At the same time, right to development places human beings at the centre of
development casting an obligation on the state to ensure the benefits of development to the citizenry. Interestingly, both right to environment and right to development draw their genesis from Article 21 of the Constitution. Such affirmation of rights necessarily presents a question of compliance by the state. This paper traces the origin of right to environment and right to development in the larger context of the fundamental rights. It critically
examines the usefulness of declaration of these rights under the scheme of the Constitution. It argues that the judiciary in its judicial creativity has made unreasonable interference into the matters reserved for the executive
which is not in accordance with the basic structure of the Constitution. The paper calls for maintenance of harmony between the two organs of the state.
Right to Sanitation: A Challenge in the Post Disaster Situations
Authors: Sarkar Subhradipta 
Published: July 2019

Sanitation is an integral part of healthy living conditions. It is identified in various legal instruments in the form of right to adequate housing, health, water, etc. These rights are closely interlinked. The enforcement of these rights is dependent upon sanitation facilities. Sanitation remains one of the most neglected issues having serious implication on the lives and livelihoods of billions of people around the world. This paper contends that India being extremely disaster prone, sanitation is one of the crucial areas which require immediate attention in the aftermath of every disaster. Whether it is the Indian Ocean Tsunami (2004) or Aila (2009), the government failed to provide adequate sanitation facilities in most of the temporary shelters. The lack of inadequate drainage facilities, dysfunctional state of toilets, and absence of sufficient drinking water had resulted in unhygienic conditions. The paper cites various international
instruments pertaining to the scope and importance of protection of right to water and sanitation during disasters. The Supreme Court of India has conceptualized ̳right to sanitation‘ within the meaning of ̳right to life‘ as
guaranteed under our Constitution. Though sanitation has found mention in various domestic legislation including the Disaster Management Act, 2005, the scenario is far from encouraging. The paper identifies indifference of authorities towards the problem, unscientific construction of shelters and theory oriented policies as causes responsible for the failure to address the
issue of adequate sanitation. The paper offers certain suggestions to ensure a comprehensive policy safeguarding right to adequate sanitation in post disaster situations.
UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules 2010: A Review
Authors: Srinivasan Badrinath 
Published: July 2019

The United Nations Commission on International Trade
Law Arbitration Rules, 1976 has been in vogue for more
than a quarter century. Its success can be gauged from the
range of its use in different types of arbitration. After
more than thirty years of use, the UNCITRAL Arbitration
Rules, 1976 were revised in 2010. In revising the rules, the
UNCITRAL has followed a conservative approach but has
taken into consideration the demands and developments
of international arbitration. This paper analyses the
revisions made to the 2010 rules.
The Binding Nature of Administrative Instructions: An Overview
Authors: Naushad Susanah 
Published: July 2019

Administrative instructions or administrative directions
are issued by a higher authority to a lower authority
directing as to how certain discretionary powers are to be
exercised by the executive. Issuing such administrative
instructions is relatively a modern function of
administrative bodies. The mechanisms by which
administrative authorities issue instructions are through
letters, circulars, orders, memoranda, pamphlets, public
notices, press notices and even notification in the
government gazettes. Such instructions can be specific or
general and mandatory or directory. If they are directory
then they are not binding. In this article, the author seeks
to analyse the binding nature of mandatory
administrative instructions, which is vague under
administrative law.
El secreto profesional médico y las personas con discapacidad, en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano
Authors: Portilla Parra Sebastián 
Published: July 2019

El secreto profesional médico constituye garantía constitucional de imperioso cumplimiento para el idóneo desarrollo de las ciencias de la salud y para la prevalencia de determinados derechos fundamentales, inherentes a toda persona. Representa un deber que el galeno (entiéndase, todo personal sanitario) debe cumplir invariablemente, evitando que la información que conociere en razón de su profesión sea divulgada a terceros, salvo excepciones legales. Sin embargo, en el caso concreto de las personas con discapacidad lo anterior se complica, pues por la exigua implementación del modelo social, es recurrente la figura del tutor o tercero habilitado para tomar decisiones a nombre del paciente, lo que discrepa con el carácter personalísimo de aquella figura que permite la relación de confidencialidad inescindible entre galeno-paciente; en suma, posee doctrina y legislación precaria. Este texto pretende reafirmar la vigencia y salvaguarda del secreto profesional en cuanto a los pacientes con discapacidad, permitiendo una relación bilateral con el galeno, señalando las bases para su vigencia, sin intervención ni conocimiento externo, impidiendo el menoscabo del fuero interno por revelaciones unilaterales o intervenciones arbitrarias de terceros, que podrían vulnerar derechos fundamentales del paciente.
Mentioning the unmentionable: a stoma care nurse's journey to discussing sexuality
Authors: Bird Andrew 
Published: July 2019

Sexuality is a fundamental activity of daily living, affected by a number of external factors, including illness and surgery—such as stoma formation. Ostomates should have an opportunity to discuss sexuality with a stoma care nurse, but it can be a difficult topic to raise, due to social and cultural taboos, as well as misconceptions about health and roles and denial of problems and responsibilities. Engaging in these difficult conversations is an important skill that can be learned and perfected, so long as the need is identified. This journey is illustrated by the author's personal experience. Permission-giving according to the Ex-PLISSIT model makes it easier for patients to open up about sexuality, making it possible to identify and address common sexual problems experienced by ostomates.
The value of ring-fenced beds in elective lower limb arthroplasty
Authors: Green Matthew , Tung Eleanor , Al-Dadah Oday 
Published: July 2019

Background: Infection is a serious complication of prosthetic joint arthroplasty, associated with high rates of morbidity resulting in further surgical intervention and prolonged inpatient hospital admission. Rates of prosthetic joint infection have been reported as 1.5–2.5% following lower limb arthroplasty. This study compared infection rates in patients receiving primary hip and knee joint replacements before and after implementation of ring-fenced beds. Methods: Retrospective study of all patients undergoing primary total hip replacement and total knee replacement from April 2013 to February 2014. Group 1 included pre-ring-fencing patients, group 2 included post-ring-fencing patients. Results: The overall infection rate pre-ring-fencing was 6.3% (n=8). This reduced to 2.7% (n=3) post-ring-fencing. The mean inpatient length of stay for group 1 was 6 days vs 4 days for group 2. Conclusions: Ring-fencing beds for patients undergoing elective lower limb arthroplasty significantly reduced rates of prosthetic joint infection and inpatient length of stay.
Assessment of frailty in Alzheimer's: a literature review
Authors: Smith Kirsty , Wallington Sophie 
Published: July 2019

As the UK's older population continues to rise, the more likely it is for practice nurses to encounter patients living with Alzheimer's and frailty. Kirsty Smith and Sophie Wallington explore the definitions and models of frailty available in medical literature As a consequence of an ageing global population, it is likely that encounters between health professionals and frail patients will rise. Patients with both suspected frailty and Alzheimer's disease are frequently encountered in primary care. There are links and overlaps between these disease states; however, the key theories and models of frailty propose some contradictions. This review of the definition, theories and models of frailty, and relevance to patients with Alzheimer's disease will add a quality, evidence-based approach to the assessment of frailty in patients in primary care living with Alzheimer's disease.
Polypharmacy perspectives in general practice environments
Authors: Kaufman Gerri 
Published: July 2019

Practice nurses need to keep up-to-date with the latest prescribing guidelines, especially for patients taking multiple medications. Gerri Kaufman discusses some of the challenges facing polypharmacy and considers the roles of deprescription and medicines reviews Polypharmacy refers to the use of multiple medicines. A combination of medicines can be appropriate and beneficial for the patient; however, polypharmacy can also be problematic where the risk of harm outweighs the benefits of treatment. Polypharmacy is associated with increasing age, the presence of multi-morbidities, a culture of single condition guideline-based prescribing, obesity and lower wealth. Managing polypharmacy is a challenge for prescribers working in general practice and primary care. Polypharmacy is associated with adverse outcomes, including adverse drug reactions, falls, increased length of stay in hospital, and mortality. Vigilance around the safer aspects of prescribing, undertaking structured medication reviews and deprescribing are considered important in addressing issues with polypharmacy, and enhancing the management of patients on multiple medicines. Comprehensive guidance is available on the medication review process and deprescribing; however, the process is time-consuming, complex and requires investment. The NHS Long Term Plan put forward proposals to increase investment in primary care services, which include addressing medication safety. Workforce shortages and funding cuts for continuing professional development are both perceived as barriers to its implementation. Both individual prescribers and the systems in which they work are accountable for improving safe medicine use in polypharmacy.