bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Issues in Early-Onset Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and their Treatment Implications
Authors: Burchi Elisabetta , Pallanti Stefano 
Published: April 2018

Background:The lifespan approach and recent shift in the conceptualization of Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder (OCD) promoted by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM5) along with novel insights into the pathogenesis of this heterogeneous disorder are driving the development of new outcome measures and new treatments for a disease that, on the other hand, is characterized by high rates of refractoriness.Objective and Methods:The aim of this review is to provide a discussion of the translational evidence about Early Onset OCD (EO) in compliance with a neurodevelopmental and RdoC perspective.Results and Conclusion:O might be considered the neurodevelopmental subtype of OCD. Indeed there is evidence that different clusters of symptoms and dimensions at an early stage predict different trajectories in phenotype and that distinct neurocircuit pathways underpin the progression of the disorder. Despite the development of high refractoriness in the course of the disorder, evidence suggests that EO may be particularly treatment responsive in the early stages, thus showing the need for early recognition and additional recovery oriented studies in this subgroup.:Consistent with the neurodevelopmental perspective, immunity and glutamate neurotransmission are emerging as novel pathways for parsing out the neurobiology of OCD, the EO form, in particular, supporting the implementation of new multisystemic models of the OCD phenotype. Brain connectivity patterns, immune and microbiome profiles are standing out as promising areas for biomarkers with the potential for targeted personalized therapies in EO.
One-pot Synthesis of Pyrazolone Sulfones by Iodine-catalyzed Sulfenylation of Pyrazolones with Aryl Sulfonyl Hydrazides Followed by Oxidation in Water
Authors: Zhao Xia , Lu Xiaoyu , Zhang Lipeng , Li Tianjiao , Lu Kui 
Published: April 2018

Aim and Objective: Pyrazolone sulfones have been reported to exhibit herbicidal and antibacterial
activities. In spite of their good bioactivities, only a few methods have been developed to prepare pyrazolone
sulfones. However, the substrate scope of these methods is limited. Moreover, the direct sulfonylation of pyrazolone
by aryl sulfonyl chloride failed to give pyrazolone sulfones. Thus, developing a more efficient method
to synthesize pyrazolone sulfones is very important.

Materials and Method:
Pyrazolone, aryl sulphonyl hydrazide, iodine, p-toluenesulphonic acid and water were
mixed in a sealed tube, which was heated to 100°C for 12 hours. The mixture was cooled to 0°C and m-CPBA
was added in batches. The mixture was allowed to stir for 30 min at room temperature. The crude product was
purified by silica gel column chromatography to afford sulfuryl pyrazolone.

Results:
In all cases, the sulfenylation products were formed smoothly under the optimized reaction conditions,
and were then oxidized to the corresponding sulfones in good yields by 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (m-CPBA)
in water. Single crystal X-ray analysis of pyrazolone sulfone 4aa showed that the major tautomer of pyrazolone
sulfones was the amide form instead of the enol form observed for pyrazolone thioethers. Moreover, the C=N
double bond isomerized to form an α,β-unsaturated C=C double bond.

Conclusion:
An efficient method to synthesize pyrazolone thioethers by iodine-catalyzed sulfenylation of
pyrazolones with aryl sulfonyl hydrazides in water was developed. Moreover, this method was employed to
synthesize pyrazolone sulfones in one-pot by subsequent sulfenylation and oxidation reactions.
Physicochemical and Antioxidant Properties of Pizza Dough-base Enriched with Black Cumin (Nigella sativa) Extracts
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad J. , Butt Masood S. , Saeed Iqra , Suleria Hafiz A.R. 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Changing lifestyles have paved the way towards various physiological dysfunctions.
Phytochemicals derived from spices are being widely utilized in diet from ancient times to
fight against these physiological dysfunctions owing to their therapeutic potential and high pharmacological
activities.

Methods:
Methods: The current investigation was an attempt to explore the antioxidant potential, physicochemical,
and sensory properties of black cumin (Nigella sativa) enriched pizza base that was developed by
using conventional and supercritical extracts.

Results:
It was observed that the texture of product becomes harder during storage from 4.36±0.16 to
4.71±0.17 kg force. Nonetheless, supercritical extract pizza base got better hedonic scores compared
to other treatments. Antioxidant potential of pizza base enriched with supercritical extracts (Total
Phenolic Content 108.08±4.88 mg GAE/100g) was also better than control and conventional solvent
extract enriched treatment as 63.24±3.03 and 95.34±3.66 mg GAE/100g, respectively.

Conclusion:
Conclusively, the results depicted that pizza base containing supercritical extract exhibited
superior physiochemical, hedonic and antioxidant properties.
A Rapid and Nondestructive Method for the Prediction of Ibuprofen Tablet Hardness Using NIR Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy
Authors: Peng Qiushi , Bao Yi , Chen Tingyu , Peng Qianrong , Yang Min 
Published: April 2018

Introduction:
This study aimed at developing a technology to measure the hardness of Ibuprofen
(IBU) tablets and optimize the IBU formulation using Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy.

Materials and Methods:
Tablets (400 mg±5%, 10mm in diameter) consisting of IBU, microcrystalline
cellulose SH-103, carboxymethyl starch sodium, magnesium stearate, silicon dioxide were formed of
various hardness (2kg, 4kg, 6kg, 8kg, 10kg, 12kg). The reflectance NIR spectra of various tablets were
employed to establish 9 calibrations models, which were further used to predict tablet hardness by Partial
least squares (PLS) and principal component regression (PCR) analysis.

Results and Conclusion:
Cross-validation with independent samples shows that PLS is the optimal
predictive model. Which R2=0.9832, RSECV=0.334 and RSE=0.0669. This study established a new,
simple, rapid, nondestructive and reliable methodology to optimize the IBU tablet hardness.
Sensitive Electrochemical Monitoring of Piroxicam in Pharmaceuticals Using Carbon Ionic Liquid Electrode
Authors: Ghobadpour Ghazal , Farjami Fatemeh , Fasihi Farshid 
Published: April 2018

Background:Piroxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. The prevailing clinical use and investigation of piroxicam necessitate a rapid and sensitive method for its determination. A carbon ionic liquid electrode, fabricated using graphite and the ionic liquid 1-octylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate (OPFP) was used as an electrochemical sensor for piroxicam determination.Methods:The surface of the proposed electrode was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was applied to study the oxidation of piroxicam and to acquire information about the reaction mechanism. Differential pulse voltammetry was also used as an analytical technique for quantification of the sub-micromolar concentration of piroxicam.Results:One oxidation peak at 0.55V was observed at CILE. The oxidation peak at the CPE was weak, while the response was notably increased at the CILE. The proposed electrode exhibited interesting sensitivity towards the determination of piroxicam and the anodic peak current versus piroxicam concentration was linear in the ranges of 0.2-60 µM. The detection limit of 40 nM was achieved.Conclusion:The electroxidation process was irreversible and revealed adsorption controlled behavior. The method was successfully applied for the determination of piroxicam content in pharmaceutical samples.
Pragmatismo, democracia e comunicação em John Dewey: aportes para a democratização da tomada de decisão estatal
Authors: Barroso Ricardo Cavalcante 
Published: April 2018

A fundamentação e a conformação das decisões estatais que produzem impacto social não são passíveis de serem adequadamente tratadas exclusivamente com base na avaliação de tecnocratas pautados no conhecimento científico. Exige-se, portanto, abertura democrática e participativa que aproveite o potencial de inteligência do homem comum talhado na realidade social. Dewey propõe que a democracia, como um modo de ser e viver, pressuponha a fé na inteligência do homem comum para responder com bom senso ao livre curso das ideias e fatos. É pressuposto dessa participação popular permanente e livre a reunião, a investigação e a comunicação. O cidadão é fundamental para o enquadramento do problema sobre o qual o especialista se debruçará. Democracia, para Dewey, é, assim, experiência criativa, interação comunicativa e autodesenvolvimento. O acesso à informação é libertador e inclusivo. A democracia, além de um agir conjunto em sociedade, é, ainda, um direito humano gerador da autodeterminação. Neste sentido, é impositivo que o Estado proporcione por mecanismos comunicacionais e participativos a real influência do povo na tomada de decisão estatal sobre assuntos socialmente relevantes
EVALUATION OF LITIGATION PROCESS IN TURKISH CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY FROM EXPERT WITNESSES’ PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Çevikbaş Murat , Köksal Almula 
Published: April 2018

A project contains numerous tasks coordinated with associated resources to achieve specific goals. The nature of a project depending on its density of multidisciplinary tasks is considered to be very sophisticated. Therefore, encountering many challenges and risks is probable. When the number of tasks and resources along with their interactions are considered, dispute in a project could be inevitable. In this situation, project parties mostly tend to resolve their disputes through litigation. Nevertheless, in our previous studies, it was detected that 96.1% of the cases were rejected by the Courts of Cassation due to inadequate expert witness, lack of expert witness report, missing review or wrong assessment etc. Hence, it is thought that examining the actors of litigation process is vital in terms of their qualifications and competency levels. Expert witnessess are inavitable parts of litigation process as they play significant roles in the cases concerning construction. Judges mostly rely on the opinions of expert witnesses for the cases containing technical and specific subjects like construction ralated cases. To investigate the qualifications and competency levels of these actors in detail, semi-structured interviews were made with expert witnesses as a qualitative study. Consequently, via analysing the opinions and advices of the expert witnesses, the lack of knowledge in construction terminology and process have been detected for the concerned judicial actors as well as insufficient qualifications and their levels of competency.
Ekstrak Biji Mahoni (Swietenia Mahogany (L.)Jacq) Untuk Pembuatan Obat Anti Nyamuk Elektrik
Authors: Yanti Yuska Novi , Hepiyansori Hepiyansori 
Published: April 2018

<p>Indonesia daerah tropis yang baik untuk perkembangan jenis nyamuk sehingga membahayakan kesehatan. Indonesia kaya tanaman tradisional untuk pengobatan. Salah Satunya Mahoni (Swietenia mahogany (L.)Jacq) pada bagian biji yang digunakan masyarakat untuk pengobatan malaria, diabetes, dan darah tinggi. Kandungan pada biji Mahoni yaitu saponin dan flavanoid dapat digunakan sebagai sediaan obat anti nyamuk. Sampel penelitian ini adalah biji mahoni yang diambil dari Taman Remaja Kota Bengkulu lalu di maserasi menggunakan pelarut metanol p.a dan etanol 96% selanjutnya ekstrak dibuat menjadi 3 konsentrasi ekstrak yaitu 1%, 3% dan 5%. Kemudian dibuat keping anti nyamuk dan di buat obat anti nyamuknya, dilanjutkan dengan pengujian evalusi ekstrak meliputi uji organoleptis, uji kadar abu dan uji rendemen kemudian pengujian evalusi sediaan yang meliputi uji organoleptis, uji keping anti nyamuk dan uji ketahanan sediaan. Hasil penelitian didapatkan, ekstrak metanol biji mahoni dapat mempengaruhi sifat fisik sediaan keping nyamuk, Ekstrak biji mahoni berwarna coklat sampai kemerahan, memiliki bau khas (aroma kacang tanah), konsistensi cukup padat sedikit berminyak dan berasa pahit. Uji parameter standar menghasilkan data untuk rendemen sebesar 0,8235% untuk metanol dan 0,6747% untuk etanol, kadar abu untuk metanol 1,249% dan untuk etanol 1,022%. sehingga ekstrak metanol biji mahoni dapat dibuat menjadi sediaan keping anti nyamuk.</p><p><em>Indonesia tropical region places the development some mosquitoes that endanger health. Indonesia traditional crops can used for treatment. Mahoni (Swietenia mahogany (L.)Jacq) a plant which usually treatment. Especially part of the seed malaria drugs, diabetes and high blood pseasure.That in the seeds of mahoni there is saponin and flavonid can be used as a mosquito repellent. The sample this research is seeds mahoni taken from the Remaja Bengkulu Pares. Processed maserasi with methanol solvent p.a and ethanol 96% next methanol made to 3 concentration an extract that 1%, 3% and 5%. Created pieces of mosquito repellent and mosquito repellent that followed terts the evaluation of extract. covers organoleptis, ash content and rendemen and testing performed and evaluation dosage, includes organoleptis, pieces mosquito repellent and dosage resutance.Result experiment is extract methanol seeds mahoni 82,35 gram and extract ethanol seeds mahoni 67,47 gram. Extract colored from dark brown to reddish, have peanut like aroma, adequate compact consistency, bitter taste and not sticky in hand. The result of standard quality parameters rendemen extract methanol 0,8235% and rendemen extract ethanol 0,6747%, ash content extract methanol 1,247% and ash content extract ethanol 1,022%. so that the extract of methanol mahogany seeds can made into anti-mosquito </em></p>
Penambahan Logam Pengotor (Au) Terhadap Karaktersitik Mercury (Hg)
Authors: Octavia Silvi , Ulfah Maria 
Published: April 2018

<p>Merkuri (Hg) digunakan sebagai bahan untuk mengikat emas pada pertambangan emas. Emas yang terikat pada merkuri kemudian dipisahkan dengan jalan penyaringan dan pemanasan. Kehadiran emas atau bahan pengotor lainnya dalam merkuri dapat menyebabkan perubahan karakteristik merkuri tersebut. Karakteristik merkuri ini identik dengan nilai densitas merkuri. Dimana, densitas merkuri murni adalah 13,6 gr/cm3. Nilai densitas akan mempengaruhi nilai jual merkuri. Beberapa pasar menghendaki densitas yang lebih tinggi dari densitas merkuri murni. Untuk itu dilakukan penelitian efektifitas penambahan logam pengotor berupa emas terhadap kenaikkan nilai densitas merkuri dan kelarutan emas dalam merkuri yang tidak dapat dipisahkan hanya dengan pemanasan. Persamaan yang digunakan untuk menghitung jumlah emas yang akan ditambahkan untuk menaikkan densitas merkuri (pada suhu kamar = 270C) adalah y=0,022x + 13,722. Dimana y adalah densitas merkuri dan x adalah jumlah penambahan emas. Nilai kelarutan emas didalam merkuri adalah 0,03 gr/ml.</p>
Valorisation, Personality Cult and the Militarisation of Nation State Under a Civilian Ruler in Zimbabwe: a Public-Private Media Gaze
Authors: Nyanda Josiah 
Published: April 2018

Using the public-private media gaze, this paper explores how thirty-six years of Robert Mugabe’s rule have culminated in the militarization of nation-state under a civilian ruler. I argue that the civil-military relations in Zimbabwe – at least from the perspective of the public and private media – have had the consequent effect of cult of personality and valorization of Robert Mugabe as the only leader suitable to rule Zimbabwe. Even in the face of waning popularity, the military and police have ensured that Mugabe continues to hold on to the highest office in Zimbabwean politics. I further posit that post-independence Zimbabwean politics has seen both the military and police overtly and covertly meddling in national politics to the extent of making a farce of elections in Zimbabwe. Keywords Valorisation; personality cult; militarization; nation-state, civilian ruler; public-private media VALORIZAÇÃO, CULTO À PERSONALIDADE E A MILITARIZAÇÃO DO ESTADO-NAÇÃO SOB UM GOVERNANTE CIVIL NO ZIMBABUÉ: olhar uma mídia público-privado.Resumo Usando o olhar de mídia público-privado, este documento explora como trinta e seis anos de governo de Mugabe tem culminou com a militarização do estado-nação sob um governante civil. Defendo que as relações civis-militares no Zimbabué – pelo menos do ponto de vista dos meios de comunicação públicos e privados – tiveram o efeito consequente de culto da personalidade e a valorização de Robert Mugabe como o único líder adequado à regra Zimbabwe. Mesmo diante da popularidade minguante, as forças armadas e Polícia garantiram que Mugabe continua a manter o mais alto cargo na política do Zimbabué. Eu ainda afirmo que após a independência política do Zimbabué tem visto ambos os militares e policiais abertamente e secretamente se intrometer na política nacional, a ponto de fazer uma farsa das eleições no Zimbábue.Palavras-chave valorização; culto à personalidade; militarização; Estado-nação, governante civil; público-privadas mídia
EXPORTAÇÕES POR INTENSIDADE TECNOLÓGICA DOS ESTADOS BRASILEIROS E SUA IMPORTÂNCIA NO CRESCIMENTO ECONÔMICO
Authors: Ahuaji Filho Marco Aurelio Sigismondi , Raiher Augusta Pelinski 
Published: April 2018

O presente trabalho procurou analisar a importância da composição das exportações dos estados brasileiros para o crescimento econômico no período de 1989 a 2011. Com dados do site ALICEWeb, classificaram-se as exportações em níveis tecnológicos. Na sequência, utilizaram-se painéis dinâmicos (GMM – System) para identificar o efeito das exportações – total e por níveis tecnológicos – sobre o crescimento econômico. Como corolário, observou-se que as exportações em seus diversos segmentos se elevaram nos últimos anos, porém, continuam pautadas em setores menos intensivos em tecnologia. Em especial, constatou-se a importância das exportações no crescimento econômico, gerando efeitos de externalidades (no período e ), especialmente das exportações mais intensivas em tecnologia.
FABRINCANDO SENTIDOS: A MENINA AVOADA, DE MANOEL DE BARROS, À LUZ DA SEMIÓTICA DISCURSIVA CONSTRUYENDO SENTIDOS: A MENINA AVOADA, DE MANOEL DE BARROS, A LUZ DE LA SEMIOTICA DISCURSIVA
Authors: BATISTOTE Maria Luceli Faria 
Published: April 2018

RESUMO: Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a infância em Manoel de Barros a partir da perspectiva teórica da Semiótica Discursiva. De modo restrito, objetivamos mobilizar os conceitos semióticos de figuratividade e isotopia no poema “A menina avoada”, publicado, em 1999, no livro Exercícios de ser criança. Orientamo-nos pela metodologia de base da teoria semiótica, o percurso gerativo de sentido. Embora haja uma vasta quantidade de trabalhos sobre Manoel de Barros, não há nenhum que discuta a temática da infância à luz da teoria semiótica e que, especificamente, o faça articulando os conceitos supramencionados. Os resultados da análise atestam a eficácia da proposta semiótica na elucidação de como o tema da infância é construído no corpus eleito de forma a assumir certas significações e não outras.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Manoel de Barros. Infância. Enunciação. Figuratividade. Isotopia. RESUMEN: Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar la infancia en Manoel de Barros desde la perspectiva teórica de la semiótica discursiva. De modo restrictivo, objetivamos movilizar los conceptos semióticos de la figuratividad y la isotopía en el poema "A menina avoada", publicado, en 1999, en el libro Exercício de ser criança. Nos guiamos por la metodología básica de la teoría semiótica, el recorrido generativo de sentido. Aunque hay una gran cantidad de trabajos a respecto de Manoel de Barros, no hay ninguno para discutir el tema de la infancia a luz de la teoría semiótica y, específicamente, que articule los conceptos ya mencionados. Los resultados del análisis muestran la eficacia de la propuesta semiótica en la elucidación de cómo el tema de la infancia se construye en el corpus elegido para asumir ciertos significados y no otros.PALABRAS CLAVE: Manoel de Barros. Infancia. Enunciación. Figuratividad. Isotopía.
ABORDAGEM CONSTRUCIONAL DA REDUPLICAÇÃO DE BASE VERBAL EM PORTUGUÊS CONSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH TO VERBAL BASE REDUCTION IN PORTUGUESE
Authors: GONÇALVES Carlos Alexandre Victorio , VIALLI Luciana Albuquerque Daltio 
Published: April 2018

Resumo: Neste artigo, pretendemos utilizar os dados de Vialli (2013), que reuniu, em sua tese de doutoramento, cerca de cem formas de composição reduplicativa em português, à luz do modelo de morfologia construcional (MC) originalmente proposto por Booij (2005, 2007, 2010). Esse modelo aplica a gramática das construções (GOLDBERG, 1995) ao componente morfológico, analisando as formações lexicais por meio de esquemas e subesquemas que representam o pareamento entre o polo formal e o polo semântico de palavras morfologicamente complexas. Entendendo que a reduplicação verbal (composição ViVi) pode ser satisfatoriamente descrita com os instrumentos da MC, procuramos explicar, formal e semanticamente, construções como “bate-bate” (“bater repetidamente”, “carrinho do parque de diversões”) e “agarra-agarra” (“agarrar repetidas vezes”), mostrando as motivações morfológicas e as extensões de significado desse tipo de formação e distinguindo-o da repetição, fenômeno que ocorre em nível sintático.Palavras-chave: Morfologia. Formação de palavras. Construção. Reduplicação. Composição.Abstract: In this article, we intend to explain the Vialli (2013)”s data – which met, in her doctoral thesis, about a hundred forms of reduplicative compounding in Brazilian Portuguese – based on constructional morphology model (MC), originally proposed by Booij (2005 2007, 2010). This model applies construction grammar (GOLDBERG, 1995) to morphology component, analyzing the lexical formations through schemes and subschemas representing the pairing between the formal pole and the semantic pole of morphologically complex words. Understanding that the verbal reduplication (composition ViVi) can be satisfactorily described with the instruments of MC, we try to explain, formal and semantically, formations such as "bat-bate" ("hit repeatedly"; "playground toy") and "agarra-agarra" (grab repeatedly), showing the morphological motivations and meaning extentions of this type of word-formation process and distinguishing it from the repetition phenomenon that occurs in the syntatic level. Key words: Morphology. Word formation. Construction. Reduplication. Compounding