bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Separation anxiety: Extreme dehiscence of a mitral annuloplasty ring
Authors: Mashicharan Mary , Loke Ian , Zlocha Viktor , Khoo Jeffrey 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe report a patient admitted with acute pulmonary edema 3 months after mitral valve repair, with no history of inter‐current febrile illness. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) demonstrated severe mitral regurgitation (MR) and an abnormally positioned annuloplasty ring, suggestive of dehiscence. The extreme extent of ring dehiscence was visualized on 3‐dimensional TEE (3D), with near‐complete separation of the ring. Strept.Mitis and Cristatus were isolated from the ring following redo mitral valve surgery, confirming endocarditis as the mechanism for dehiscence. This report highlights the additive role and superior ability of 3D TEE in the identification and anatomic delineation of mitral ring dehiscence.
Deposit insurance, remittances, and dollarization: Survey‐based evidence from a top remittance‐receiving country
Authors: Grigorian David A. , Kryshko Maxym 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe study uses a unique survey of remittance‐receiving individuals from Tajikistan to study the impact of policy awareness on consumer behavior. The results show that knowledge of deposit insurance encourages the use of formal channels for transmitting remittances and reduces dollarization. Given the size and importance of remittances in Tajikistan, improving financial literacy and better publicizing details of the social safety net may encourage a more frequent use of formal channels for transferring remittances and reduce reliance on foreign exchange for transaction purposes. This is likely to improve bank profitability, enhance financial stability, and improve access to finance.
Comparing the behavioural thermoregulation response to heat stress by Atlantic salmon parr (Salmo salar) in two rivers
Authors: Corey Emily , Linnansaari Tommi , Dugdale Stephen J. , Bergeron Normand , Gendron Jean‐François , Lapointe Michel , Cunjak Richard A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractClimate change is expected to increase the frequency and magnitude of extreme thermal events in rivers. The Little Southwest Miramichi River (LSWM) and the Ouelle River (OR) are two Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) rivers located in eastern Canada, where in recent years, water temperatures have exceeded known thermal limits (~23°C). Once temperature surpasses this threshold, juvenile salmon exploit thermal heterogeneity to behaviourally thermoregulate, forming aggregations in coolwater refuges. This study aimed to determine whether the behavioural thermoregulation response is universal across rivers, arising from common thermal cues. We detailed the temperature and discharge patterns of two geographically distinct rivers from 2010 to 2012 and compared these with aggregation onset temperature. PIT telemetry and snorkelling were used to confirm the presence of aggregations. Mean daily maximum temperature in 2010 was significantly greater in the OR versus the LSWM (p = 0.005), but not in other years (p = 0.090–0.353). Aggregations occurred on 14 and 9 occasions in the OR and LSWM respectively. Temperature at onset of aggregation was significantly greater in the OR (Tonset = 28.3°C) than in the LSWM (Tonset = 27.3°C; p = 0.049). Logistic regression models varied by river and were able to predict the probability of aggregation based on the preceding number of hours >23°C (R2 = 0.61 & 0.65; P50 = 27.4°C & 28.9°C; in the OR and LSWM respectively). These results imply the preceding local thermal regime may influence behaviour and indicate a degree of phenotypic plasticity, illustrating a need for localised management strategies.
Eyelid myoclonia with absences: Electroclinical features and prognostic factors
Authors: Giuliano Loretta , Fatuzzo Daniela , Mainieri Greta , Maira Giulia , Elia Maurizio , Ferlazzo Edoardo , Gasparini Sara , Nicoletti Alessandra , Sofia Vito , Zappia Mario 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveEyelid myoclonia with absences (EMA) is a syndrome characterized by eyelid myoclonia with or without absences, eye closure‐induced generalized electroencephalographic (EEG) paroxysms and photosensitivity. Few data are available about the prognostic factors of this syndrome. The main objectives of our study were to describe the clinical and EEG features of a group of patients with EMA and to evaluate the presence of prognostic factors.MethodsWe retrospectively selected a cohort of patients with diagnosis of EMA evaluated in the epilepsy service of the Neurological Clinic of Catania, in the Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiopathology Unit of Oasi Research Institute, Troina and in the Regional Epilepsy Centre of Bianchi‐Melacrino‐Morelli Hospital of Reggio Calabria. We considered the features of the patients during the first year of disease, and at the last follow‐up visit. We stratified the patients into two groups: “seizure‐free”, defined as the absence of seizures for at least 2 years, and “not seizure‐free” and we evaluated the evolution of their characteristics and the presence of factors associated with outcome.ResultsWe enrolled 51 patients (40 women (78%); mean age: 30.8 years ± 15.5 [range 10‐79]). The mean follow‐up time was 8.7 ± 5.8 years. Eleven patients (21.6%) achieved the condition of seizure‐free. Family history of epilepsy was associated with the condition of seizure‐free (P = 0.05). At the last follow‐up visit, EEG photosensitivity and eye closure sensitivity were significantly associated with the condition of “not seizure‐free”.SignificanceThe results of our study revealed that a positive family history of epilepsy might be associated with a better outcome in EMA. Furthermore, the persistence of photosensitivity and eye closure sensitivity might indicate persistence of seizures, offering an aid in therapeutic management.
Molecular basis for and chemogenetic modulation of comorbidities in GABRG2‐deficient epilepsies
Authors: Zhang Chun‐Qing , McMahon Bryan , Dong Huancheng , Warner Timothy , Shen Wangzhen , Gallagher Martin , Macdonald Robert L. , Kang Jing‐Qiong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveγ‐Aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor subunit gene mutations are significant causes of epilepsy, which are often accompanied by various neuropsychiatric comorbidities, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. It has been suggested that the comorbidities are caused by seizures, as the comorbidities often present in severe epilepsy syndromes. However, findings from both humans and animal models argue against this conclusion. Mutations in the GABAA receptor γ2 subunit gene GABRG2 have been associated with anxiety alone or with severe epilepsy syndromes and comorbid anxiety, suggesting that a core molecular defect gives rise to the phenotypic spectrum. Here, we determined the pathophysiology of comorbid anxiety in GABRG2 loss‐of‐function epilepsy syndromes, identified the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) as a primary site for epilepsy comorbid anxiety, and demonstrated a potential rescue of comorbid anxiety via neuromodulation of CeA neurons.MethodsWe used brain slice recordings, subcellular fractionation with Western blot, immunohistochemistry, confocal microscopy, and a battery of behavior tests in combination with a chemogenetic approach to characterize anxiety and its underlying mechanisms in a Gabrg2+/Q390X knockin mouse and a Gabrg2+/− knockout mouse, each associated with a different epilepsy syndrome.ResultsWe found that impaired GABAergic neurotransmission in CeA underlies anxiety in epilepsy, which is due to reduced GABAA receptor subunit expression resulting from the mutations. Impaired GABAA receptor expression reduced GABAergic neurotransmission in CeA, but not in basolateral amygdala. Activation or inactivation of inhibitory neurons using a chemogenetic approach in CeA alone modulated anxietylike behaviors. Similarly, pharmacological enhancement of GABAergic signaling via γ2 subunit‐containing receptors relieved the anxiety.SignificanceTogether, these data demonstrate the molecular basis for a comorbidity of epilepsy, anxiety, and suggest that impaired GABAA receptor function in CeA due to a loss‐of‐function mutation could at least contribute to anxiety. Modulation of CeA neurons could cause or suppress anxiety, suggesting a potential use of CeA neurons as therapeutic targets for treatment of anxiety in addition to traditional pharmacological approaches.
Interictal coupling of HFOs and slow oscillations predicts the seizure‐onset pattern in mesiotemporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Amiri Mina , Frauscher Birgit , Gotman Jean 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveLow‐voltage fast activity (LVF) and low‐frequency high‐amplitude periodic spiking (PS) are the two most common seizure‐onset patterns in mesiotemporal lobe epilepsy, with different underlying mechanisms, pathology, and postsurgical outcome. The present work aims to investigate whether specific coupling patterns of high‐frequency oscillations (HFOs >80 Hz) and low‐frequency waves in the interictal period may distinguish these two patterns, and also seizure‐onset zone (SOZ) from non‐SOZ as a secondary aim.MethodsWe used intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) data (during non–rapid eye movement [NREM] sleep) of 18 patients with either LVF or PS seizure‐onset patterns. We investigated the interaction between HFOs (ripples: 80‐250 Hz and fast ripples: >250 Hz) and slow oscillations (slow‐delta, delta, and theta waves). We compared classic features (amplitude, duration, frequency, and power) and phase of coupling between HFOs and slower oscillations inside and outside the SOZ. We then used these features to classify HFOs and subsequently patients into LVF and PS groups.ResultsRipples in the LVF group had significantly longer duration, lower frequency, and higher amplitude than in the PS group. The phase of slow oscillations at which HFOs occur is different between the LVF and PS HFOs (LVF, mostly at the peak or the transition of peak to trough; PS, mostly during the transition of trough to peak). HFOs associated with theta waves best discriminate seizure‐onset patterns. The coupling phase improves the classification of HFOs and patients to either LVF or PS groups, and also the classification of HFOs in SOZ and non‐SOZ.SignificanceThe phase of coupling of HFOs and low‐frequency waves may help to not only identify the SOZ, but also to classify patients with different types of seizure‐onset patterns. It likely reflects that different disease processes are involved in these patterns during the interictal period.
CARD11 is dispensable for homeostatic responses and suppressive activity of peripherally induced FOXP3+ regulatory T cells
Authors: Policheni Antonia , Horikawa Keisuke , Milla Liz , Kofler Jennifer , Bouillet Philippe , Belz Gabrielle T , O'Reilly Lorraine A , Goodnow Christopher C , Strasser Andreas , Gray Daniel HD 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFOXP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells are essential for immunological tolerance and immune homeostasis. Despite a great deal of interest in modulating their number and function for the treatment of autoimmune disease or cancer, the precise mechanisms that control the homeostasis of Treg cells remain unclear. We report a new ENU‐induced mutant mouse, lack of costimulation (loco), with atopic dermatitis and Treg cell deficiency typical of Card11 loss‐of‐function mutants. Three distinct single nucleotide variants were found in the Card11 introns 2, 10 and 20 that cause the loss of CARD11 expression in these mutant mice. These mutations caused the loss of thymic‐derived, Neuropilin‐1+ (NRP1+) Treg cells in neonatal and adult loco mice; however, residual peripherally induced NRP1− Treg cells remained. These peripherally generated Treg cells could be expanded in vivo by the administration of IL‐2:anti‐IL‐2 complexes, indicating that this key homeostatic signaling axis remained intact in CARD11‐deficient Treg cells. Furthermore, these expanded Treg cells could mediate near‐normal suppression of activated, conventional CD4+ T cells, suggesting that CARD11 is dispensable for Treg cell function. In addition to shedding light on the requirements for CARD11 in Treg cell homeostasis and function, these data reveal novel noncoding Card11 loss‐of‐function mutations that impair the expression of this critical immune‐regulatory protein.
Highly transparent Mg0.27Al2.58O3.73N0.27 ceramic fabricated by aqueous gelcasting, pressureless sintering, and post‐HIP
Authors: Zong Xiao , Wang Hao , Gu Honggang , Ren Lu , Guo Shengqiang , Tu Bingtian , Wang Weimin , Liu Shiyuan , Fu Zhengyi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMagnesium aluminum oxynitride (Mg0.27Al2.58O3.73N0.27, termed as MgAlON) ceramics with high transparency and complicated shape was prepared by aqueous gelcasting, pressureless sintering, and followed by hot isostatic pressing. No obvious hydration was found by the characterizations of X‐ray diffraction, pH value, Fourier transform infrared and thermal analysis for the interaction between MgAlON spinel powders and water, leading to the stable MgAlON slurry with high solid loading (52 vol%) and low viscosity. This result may be due to different composition of MgAlON from that of MgAl2O4 and AlON. Besides, transparent MgAlON ceramic (1.95 mm in thickness) with a high in‐line transmittance ~86.3% at 3.7 μm was fabricated. The refractive index ~1.7499 at 589.3 nm and absorption coefficient ~1.2 cm−1 at 5 μm of MgAlON are between those of AlON and MgAl2O4 transparent ceramics, and Abbé number ~73.66 of MgAlON is the highest.
Self‐healing of TiSiN/Ag coatings induced by Ag
Authors: Zhu Yebiao , Dong Minpeng , Zhao Xiaoran , Li Jinlong , Chang Keke , Wang Liping 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCeramic coatings often suffer from the formation and expansion of microcracks, which leads to a failure of the protective function. In this work, we observed self‐healing of the microcracks in the TiSiN/Ag multilayer coating upon heating. This behavior can be attributed to diffusion of the Ag atoms to the cracks in the multilayer coating, while similar cracks in the TiSiN monolayer coating remain unchanged after the same treatment. Furthermore, the TiSiN/Ag coating with healed cracks possesses similar electrochemical corrosion and biofouling properties to the as‐deposited one, suggesting that TiSiN/Ag is a promising system in marine engineering applications. The mechanism of self‐healing was explained by kinetic simulations based on ab initio molecular dynamics and the diffusion activation energies of Ag in irregular ceramic structures have been calculated. The here adopted theoretical method also provides a new pathway for exploring new coating systems with a potential self‐healing function.
Shock wave‐material interaction in ZrB2–SiC based ultra high temperature ceramics for hypersonic applications
Authors: Gopinath Nagarajan Kirupakaran , Jagadeesh Gopalan , Basu Bikramjit 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe investigate the thermochemical stability of ZrB2–SiC based multiphase ceramics to hypersonic aerothermodynamic conditions in free piston shock tube with an objective to understand quantitatively the role of thermal shock and pressure. The developed ceramics sustained impulsive thermomechanical shock, under reflected shock pressure of 6.5 MPa and reflected shock temperature of 4160 K in dissociated oxygen, without structural failure. The conjugate heat transfer analysis predicts the surface temperature of ZrB2–SiC to reach a maximum of 693 and 865 K, for ZrB2–SiC–Ti. The transient shock‐material response is characterized by surface oxidation of the investigated ceramics, when exposed to high enthalpy gaseous environment, as a consequence of the interaction with ultrafast‐heated (106 K/s) gas for ~5 ms. Spectroscopic and structural characterization reveals that addition of Ti improves thermomechanical shock resistance, which is attributed to the assemblage of refractory phases. Taken together, ZrB2–SiC–Ti based multiphase ceramics exhibit favorable shock‐material response under impulse loading.
How Has Takeover Competition Changed Over Time?
Authors: Liu Tingting , Mulherin J. Harold 
Published: May 2019

Since the boom in takeovers in the 1980s, research in both law and financial economics has debated the role of takeover impediments such as poison pills, staggered boards, and state antitakeover laws. Have these impediments entrenched target management to the detriment of shareholders? Or have they increased the bargaining power of target boards of directors and left shareholders, if not better off, then at least unharmed?In their study published recently in the Journal of Corporate Finance, the authors provide new answers to these questions with a detailed analysis of takeover competition during the period 1981 through 2014. Using a random sample of 388 completed and withdrawn deals from this 34‐year period, the authors begin by confirming the already well‐documented increase in the use of takeover impediments over time. They then report evidence that takeover competition has not declined during this period.First of all, takeover premiums—the average percentage over market paid by acquirers to consummate transactions—have remained steady over time. Second, and the most striking of the authors' findings, is that the corporate auction process has “gone underground” since the 1980s. Although we now see fewer hostile attempts and publicly reported takeover bidding contests, the amount of competition for targets has remained largely unchanged when one takes account of “private” as well as public auctions—that is, contests that, as the authors discovered, included unidentified bidders.The authors view such a fundamental change in the takeover auction process as a response to the widespread growth of takeover impediments. In this sense, as Bill Schwert commented years ago, “hostile takeovers are less about shirking target management than about the bargaining tactics of targets and bidders.” Or as the authors put it, “the greater bargaining power provided by state laws and other takeover impediments has changed the manner in which takeover auctions are conducted,” but without greatly affecting the goal of economic efficiency that such transactions are designed to help bring about.
Save the Buyback, Save Jobs
Authors: Milano Greg , Chew Michael 
Published: May 2019

In response to a recent New York Times op‐ed by Senators Schumer and Sanders deploring the effects of stock buybacks on workers and the economy, the authors explain the role of buybacks in increasing corporate productivity and in recycling “excess capital” from mature companies with limited growth and employment opportunities to the next generation of Apples and Amazons. Some companies, as Schumer and Sanders charge, are guilty of repurchasing shares in the name of “shareholder value maximization” instead of pursuing job‐creating investments. But as the authors argue, well‐run companies increase shareholder value not by boosting EPS through buybacks, but mainly by earning competitive returns on capital and investing in their long‐run “earnings power.” And by paying out capital they have no productive uses for, such companies give their own shareholders the opportunity to reinvest in other companies with promising prospects for growth and jobs.But the authors go on to note the tendency of companies to buy back shares not when their stock prices are low, but instead when the companies are flush with cash and nearer the top than the bottom of the business cycle. The result of this tendency, as research by Fortuna Advisors (the authors' firm) shows, is that fully three quarters of companies doing large buybacks during the period 2013‐2017 failed to produce an adequate “Buyback ROI,” a metric developed by Fortuna that indicates management's effectiveness in “timing” its stock repurchases.Given the usefulness of buybacks in recycling capital, the authors conclude that the most reliable solution to the corporate short termism and underinvestment problem is for companies to adopt better financial performance measures—including Buyback ROI—to guide their capital allocation. And when management determines that it has significantly more capital than value‐adding investments, but wants to avoid committing to unsustainable dividend increases, it should consider buybacks—but only if management is convinced that its stock price has not outpaced performance.
A realist analysis of treatment programmes for sex offenders with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Hollomotz Andrea , Greenhalgh Joanne 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe resources used in treatment for sex offenders with intellectual disabilities have had much research attention, but less has been written about how participants are expected to respond (programme mechanisms).MethodsA realist evaluation of seven programmes from the UK, Canada, USA, Switzerland and Germany was conducted. In semi‐structured interviews, programme designers elucidated how they are intended to work. The data analysis was driven by the realist concern to expose programme mechanisms and intended outcomes.ResultsTwo main outcomes are increasing risk management capacities and cultivating prosocial identities. These are achieved through developing insights into a person's risks, work on (sexual) self‐regulation skills, sexual boundaries and personal values and by developing meaningful social roles and positive relationships.ConclusionsOver time, there have been changes to some of the treatment resources used. However, there were little differences in terms of the intended programme mechanisms and outcomes, which remained surprisingly consistent.
The week after: Do the effects of imagined contact last over time?
Authors: Ioannou Maria 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe vast majority of studies assessing the prejudice reduction properties of imagined contact have focused so far on the immediate effects of the intervention. In an attempt to contribute to the literature examining the long‐term effects of imagined contact, the two studies reported in this paper tested the immediate and long‐term effects of imagined contact on outgroup attitudes, intergroup anxiety, and behavioral intentions in Experiment 1, and also on contact self‐efficacy in Experiment 2. Both studies were conducted in a context of entrenched intergroup conflict, Cyprus. The results supported the effectiveness of imagined contact in eliciting more positive attitudes, lower levels of anxiety, more positive behavioral intentions, and higher contact self‐efficacy when these were measured immediately after contact. However, evidence for the endurance of these effects was systematically found only for outgroup attitudes and intergroup anxiety. While these results speak to the ability of imagined contact to lead to long‐term changes in important and commonly studied intergroup outcomes, lack of consistent evidence regarding its ability to yield lasting changes on variables pertaining to intended behavior toward the outgroup compose a challenge for the intervention.