bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Reference Dataset Selection on RCM Evaluation, Bias Correction, and Resulting Climate Change Signals of Precipitation
Authors: Gampe David , Schmid Josef , Ludwig Ralf 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Gridded datasets of precipitation are of great importance to evaluate recent climate models and are frequently applied to select a subset of available models. As climate models are still prone to biases on the regional scale, gridded datasets are also essential to correct or adjust these biases. Various studies revealed considerable differences, that is, observational uncertainty, in the available gridded datasets of precipitation, especially over complex terrain. This study focuses on the impacts of observational uncertainty on the evaluation, selection, and bias correction of 15 regional climate model (RCM) simulations provided through the EURO-CORDEX initiative over the alpine Adige catchment located in northern Italy. Nine reference datasets originating from observations, reanalysis, and remote sensing are applied to evaluate the performance of RCMs and select a subset based on validity. These reference datasets are then applied to bias correct the RCM ensemble using a standard quantile mapping method, and the resulting changes in the projections are assessed. The presented results show a selection of similar RCMs, indicating that observational uncertainty is lower than model uncertainty. The influence of the choice of the reference dataset on bias correction is negligible for the climate change signals. Small differences in projected change signals can be attributed to model selection. As expected, the choice of the reference dataset strongly influences future projections of precipitation even more pronounced for the extremes. The findings of this study highlight the need to account for observational uncertainty for bias correction of RCM simulations for impact modeling studies.
Linking Atmospheric Rivers and Warm Conveyor Belt Airflows
Authors: Dacre H. F. , Martínez-Alvarado O. , Mbengue C. O. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Extreme precipitation associated with extratropical cyclones can lead to flooding if cyclones track over land. However, the dynamical mechanisms by which moist air is transported into cyclones is poorly understood. In this paper we analyze airflows within a climatology of cyclones in order to understand how cyclones redistribute moisture stored in the atmosphere. This analysis shows that within a cyclone’s warm sector the cyclone-relative airflow is rearwards relative to the cyclone propagation direction. This low-level airflow (termed the feeder airstream) slows down when it reaches the cold front, resulting in moisture flux convergence and the formation of a band of high moisture content. One branch of the feeder airstream turns toward the cyclone center, supplying moisture to the base of the warm conveyor belt where it ascends and precipitation forms. The other branch turns away from the cyclone center exporting moisture from the cyclone. As the cyclone travels, this export results in a filament of high moisture content marking the track of the cyclone (often used to identify atmospheric rivers). We find that both cyclone precipitation and water vapor transport increase when moisture in the feeder airstream increases, thus explaining the link between atmospheric rivers and the precipitation associated with warm conveyor belt ascent. Atmospheric moisture budgets calculated as cyclones pass over fixed domains relative to the cyclone tracks show that continuous evaporation of moisture in the precyclone environment moistens the feeder airstream. Evaporation behind the cold front acts to moisten the atmosphere in the wake of the cyclone passage, potentially preconditioning the environment for subsequent cyclone development.
Trends in time in the management of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator in the last phase of life: a retrospective study of medical records
Authors: Stoevelaar Rik , Brinkman-Stoppelenburg Arianne , van Driel Anne Geert , Theuns Dominic AMJ , Bhagwandien Rohit E , van Bruchem-Visser Rozemarijn L , Lokker Ineke E , van der Heide Agnes , Rietjens Judith AC 
Published: April 2019

Background: The implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) might give unwanted shocks in the last month of life. Guidelines recommend deactivation of the ICD prior to death. Aims: The aims of this study were to examine trends in time (2007–2016) in how and when decisions are made about ICD deactivation, and to examine patient- and disease-related factors which may have influenced these decisions. In addition, care and ICD shock frequency in the last month of life of ICD patients are described. Methods: Medical records of a sample of deceased patients who had their ICD implanted in 1999–2015 in a Dutch university ( n = 308) or general ( n = 72) hospital were examined. Results: Median age at death was 71 years, and 88% were male. ICD deactivation discussions increased from 6% for patients who had died between 2007 and 2009 to 35% for patients who had died between 2013 and 2016. ICD deactivation rates increased in these periods from 16% to 42%. Presence of do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders increased from 9% to 46%. Palliative care consultations increased from 0% to 9%. When the ICD remained active, shocks were reported for 7% of patients in the last month of life. Predictors of ICD deactivation were the occurrence of ICD deactivation discussions after implantation (OR 69.30, CI 26.45–181.59), DNR order (OR 6.83, CI 4.19–11.12), do-not-intubate order (OR 6.41, CI 3.75–10.96), and palliative care consultations (OR 8.67, CI 2.76–27.21) Conclusion: ICD deactivation discussions and deactivation rates have increased since 2007. Nevertheless, ICDs remain active in the majority of patients at the end of life, some of whom experience shocks.
Dysfunctional endogenous FIX impairs prophylaxis in a mouse hemophilia B model
Authors: Cooley Brian , Broze George J. , Mann David M. , Lin Feng-Chang , Pedersen Lee G. , Stafford Darrel W. 
Published: April 2019

Key PointsAn endogenous, dysfunctional (CRM+) FIX molecule affects prophylactic FIX efficacy. Recovery studies indicate the amount of extravascular, Col4-bound FIX is several fold greater than the FIX in plasma.
Hospitalization Risk During Chemotherapy for Advanced Cancer: Development and Validation of Risk Stratification Models Using Real-World Data
Authors: Brooks Gabriel A. , Uno Hajime , Aiello Bowles Erin J. , Menter Alexander R. , O’Keeffe-Rosetti Maureen , Tosteson Anna N.A. , Ritzwoller Debra P. , Schrag Deborah 
Published: April 2019

PURPOSEHospitalizations are a common occurrence during chemotherapy for advanced cancer. Validated risk stratification tools could facilitate proactive approaches for reducing hospitalizations by identifying at-risk patients.PATIENTS AND METHODSWe assembled two retrospective cohorts of patients receiving chemotherapy for advanced nonhematologic cancer; cohorts were drawn from three integrated health plans of the Cancer Research Network. We used these cohorts to develop and validate logistic regression models estimating 30-day hospitalization risk after chemotherapy initiation. The development cohort included patients in two health plans from 2005 to 2013. The validation cohort included patients in a third health plan from 2007 to 2016. Candidate predictor variables were derived from clinical data in institutional data warehouses. Models were validated based on the C-statistic, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. Positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated in reference to a prespecified risk threshold (hospitalization risk ≥ 18.0%).RESULTSThere were 3,606 patients in the development cohort (median age, 63 years) and 634 evaluable patients in the validation cohort (median age, 64 years). Lung cancer was the most common diagnosis in both cohorts (26% and 31%, respectively). The selected risk stratification model included two variables: albumin and sodium. The model C-statistic in the validation cohort was 0.69 (95% CI, 0.62 to 0.75); 39% of patients were classified as high risk according to the prespecified threshold; 30-day hospitalization risk was 24.2% (95% CI, 19.9% to 32.0%) in the high-risk group and 8.7% (95% CI, 6.1% to 12.0%) in the low-risk group.CONCLUSIONA model based on data elements routinely collected during cancer treatment can reliably identify patients at high risk for hospitalization after chemotherapy initiation. Additional research is necessary to determine whether this model can be deployed to prevent chemotherapy-related hospitalizations.
Machine-learning identifies Parkinson's disease patients based on resting-state between-network functional connectivity
Authors: Rubbert Christian , Mathys Christian , Jockwitz Christiane , Hartmann Christian J , Eickhoff Simon B , Hoffstaedter Felix , Caspers Svenja , Eickhoff Claudia R , Sigl Benjamin , Teichert Nikolas A , Südmeyer Martin , Turowski Bernd , Schnitzler Alfons , Caspers Julian 
Published: April 2019

Objective:
Evaluation of a data-driven, model-based classification approach to discriminate idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients from healthy controls (HC) based on between-network connectivity in whole-brain resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI).

Methods:
Whole-brain rs-fMRI (EPI, TR = 2.2 s, TE = 30 ms, flip angle = 90°. resolution = 3.1 × 3.1 × 3.1 mm, acquisition time ≈ 11 min) was assessed in 42 PD patients (medical OFF) and 47 HC matched for age and gender. Between-network connectivity based on full and L2-regularized partial correlation measures were computed for each subject based on canonical functional network architectures of two cohorts at different levels of granularity (Human Connectome Project: 15/25/50/100/200 networks; 1000BRAINS: 15/25/50/70 networks). A Boosted Logistic Regression model was trained on the correlation matrices using a nested cross-validation (CV) with 10 outer and 10 inner folds for an unbiased performance estimate, treating the canonical functional network architecture and the type of correlation as hyperparameters. The number of boosting iterations was fixed at 100. The model with the highest mean accuracy over the inner folds was trained using an non-nested 10-fold 20-repeats CV over the whole dataset to determine feature importance.

Results:
Over the outer folds the mean accuracy was found to be 76.2% (median 77.8%, SD 18.2, IQR 69.4 – 87.1%). Mean sensitivity was 81% (median 80%, SD 21.1, IQR 75 – 100%) and mean specificity was 72.7% (median 75%, SD 20.4, IQR 66.7 – 80%). The 1000BRAINS 50-network-parcellation, using full correlations, performed best over the inner folds. The top features predominantly included sensorimotor as well as sensory networks.

Conclusion:
A rs-fMRI whole-brain-connectivity, data-driven, model-based approach to discriminate PD patients from healthy controls shows a very good accuracy and a high sensitivity. Given the high sensitivity of the approach, it may be of use in a screening setting.

Advances in knowledge:
Resting-state functional MRI could prove to be a valuable, non-invasive neuroimaging biomarker for neurodegenerative diseases. The current model-based, data-driven approach on whole-brain between-network connectivity to discriminate Parkinson’s disease patients from healthy controls shows promising results with a very good accuracy and a very high sensitivity.
FACIES ANALYSIS APPLIED TO IRATI FORMATION IN THE NORTHERN AREA OF THE PARANÁ BASIN, GOIÁS STATE – A CONTRIBUTION FOR A DEPOSITIONAL MODEL
Authors: Oishi Andressa Azevedo , Pereira Egberto , Bastos Lucas Pinto Heckert , Fragoso Daniel Galvão Carnier 
Published: April 2019

The Irati Formation (Lower Permian of Paraná Basin) is a lithostratigraphic unit characterized by the rhythmic alternation between carbonates, shales, and marls, interpreted as low energy deposits with eventual storm deposition. Despite many studies that were developed at Irati Formation in the south and southeast part of Brazil, a better comprehension of the geological processes that took place in the northern portion is still necessary. In this sense, we present a detailed sedimentological analysis coupled with organic carbon content for the Permian rocks of Paraná Basin at Goiás State. Based on sedimentological descriptions, six facies association, including low to high energy facies, were described and interpreted as deposits of an inner to outer ramp domains of a homoclinal ramp system. Our data also indicate a relationship between changes in facies association and organic carbon content variation. TítuloANÁLISE DE FACIES SEDIMENTARES APLICADA À FORMAÇÃO IRATI NA ÁREA NORTE DA BACIA DO PARANÁ, GOIÁS - UMA CONTRIBUIÇÃO PARA O MODELO DE DEPOSIÇÃOResumoA Formação Irati (Permiano inferior da Bacia do Paraná, Brasil) é uma unidade litoestratigráfica caracterizada pela alternância rítmica de carbonatos, folhelhos e margas, considerados depósitos de baixa energia intercalados pela deposição eventual de tempestitos. Apesar de terem sido efetuados muitos estudos na Formação Irati, no sul e sudeste do Brasil, ainda é necessária uma melhor compreensão dos processos geológicos que ocorreram na sua porção norte. Por isso, este trabalho apresenta uma análise sedimentológica detalhada associada ao teor de carbono orgânico em rochas do Permiano da Bacia do Paraná, no estado de Goiás. Com base em descrições sedimentológicas, seis associações de fácies, incluindo fácies de baixa a elevada energia, foram consideradas depósitos de rampa interna a externa, de um sistema de rampa homoclinal. Os dados obtidos permitem também analisar a relação entre mudanças na associação de fácies e a variação do conteúdo de carbono orgânico sedimentar. Palavras-chave: Bacia do Paraná. Formação Irati. Análise de fácies sedimentares. Associação de fácies. Sistema deposicional.
Do lembrete ao poema: a transposição de um gênero primário para um secundário numa perspectiva bakhtiniana
Authors: Peixoto Sandra Aparecida da Silva , Santos Diogo Fernando dos , Galvão Luana Aparecida 
Published: April 2019

Bakhtin considera que a heterogeneidade dos gêneros decorre da relação entre a linguagem e as ações humanas, produzindo gêneros primários (simples) e secundários (complexos). Com isso, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a transposição de um gênero primário, o lembrete, para um secundário, o poema. Para tanto, a pesquisa fundamentou-se nas teorias bakhtinianas quanto ao estudo dos gêneros discursivos. Metodologicamente, procedeu-se a análise do corpus formado por um gênero primário, o lembrete, e um secundário, o poema Lembretes de Orides Fontela. Assim, os resultados mostraram que na transposição de um gênero para outro ocorre uma valoração do teor linguístico, que ganha maior elaboração, pois a complexidade dos gêneros secundários advém do fato de eles fazerem parte de um contexto em que a cultura letrada, e, por conseguinte, o discurso escrito, pertencem a uma estrutura mais complexa e organizada.
MAPEAMENTO DO PROCESSO PRODUTIVO E ADEQUAÇÃO ÀS RESTRIÇÕES DE QUALIDADE PARA INDÚSTRIA DE PAINÉIS COMPENSADOS: UM ESTUDO DE CASO
Authors: Lengowski Elaine Cristina , Dallo Rafael , Bonfatti Júnior Eraldo Antonio 
Published: April 2019

As empresas brasileiras de processamento mecânico da madeira apresentam obstáculos que dificultam o seu desenvolvimento e aumento da competitividade, o mais relevante consiste na carência e desconhecimento de estratégias e procedimentos relacionados à qualidade. Poucos são os incentivos ao controle de qualidade de produtos oriundos do processamento mecânico no Brasil, sendo o principal deles o Programa Nacional da Qualidade da Madeira (PNQM), que visa um controle e mapeamento do processo assim como da qualidade do produto final. As diretrizes do PNQM estão em linha com as normas internacionais de qualidade, sendo a certificação uma porta para empresas que buscam a importação. Diante disso, esse trabalho propôs avaliar o processo produtivo e a qualidade do produto de uma empresa de painéis compensados de pequeno porte localizada na Região do Contestado, planalto norte do estado de Santa Catarina. Para isso o levantamento de dados contou com observação, visitas à industria e consulta aos responsáveis técnicos pela produção e análise das propriedades mecânicas dos compensados. Foi realizado o mapeamento do processo produtivo, assim como o levantamento das conformidades que as diretrizes do PNQM prevê e requisitos de qualidade do produto final. O processo produtivo da empresa está 52% conforme com as diretrizes do PNQM. Os painéis produzidos atendem as exigências das propriedades mecânicas do PNQM.
Theoretical Diagnostics of Second and Third-order Hyperpolarizabilities of Several Acid Derivatives
Authors: Karakas A. , Ceylan Y. , Karakaya M. , Taser M. , Terlemez B. B. , Eren N. , Kouari Y. El , Lougdali M. , Arof A. K. , Sahraoui B. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP/6-31G(d) level has been utilized to achieve the electric dipole moment $\left( \mu \right),$static dipole polarizability $\left( \alpha \right)$and first hyperpolarizability $\left( \beta \right)$values for ferulic acid (1) and chenodeoxycholic acid (2). The time-dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF) technique as a powerful quantum chemical method has been implemented to reveal the dynamic $\alpha ,\,\beta $and third-order hyperpolarizabilities $\left( \gamma \right)$of the examined compounds. Our computational conclusions have been compared with the results of similar materials in the literature. The first and second frontier molecular orbitals (MOs) and their band gaps have also been investigated by means of DFT.
Factors influencing engagement in premarital sex among Vietnamese young adults: a qualitative study
Authors: Dinh Thanh-Hang , van Teijlingen E.R. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
With the rising trend of sexual engagement among Vietnamese young adults in recent years, concerns were raised over the issue of premarital sex and its potential health consequences. In order to prevent such consequences and further promote health, an in-depth understanding of factors influencing young people to have premarital sex would be valuable.

Objective
To generate a grounded theory explaining factors influencing engagement in premarital sex among Vietnamese young adults.

Subjects
Vietnamese adults aged 18–24 who have voluntarily engaged in premarital sex (n = 18).

Method
The study was conducted using the grounded theory approach by Glaser. Purposive and theoretical sampling was used. Ten in-depth interviews and three additional focus group discussions were carried out. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data analysis involved using the constant comparative method and open and theoretical coding. Sampling, data collection and data analysis happened simultaneously until theoretical saturation was achieved.

Results
The grounded theory is constructed around six emergent themes: (a) desire as the ‘direct cause’; (b) the facilitators; (c) social changes; (d) media; (e) peer and (f) absence of family. The latter four themes are ‘indirect causes’ that influence through desire and the facilitators.

Conclusion
The study has contributed a grounded theory that identified the factors and described their relationships in a comprehensive way. It suggested a need for a reliable source of information to be tailor-designed to suit young people. Additionally, the stigma of talking about sex needs to be reduced to allow for more open discussions on sex and sexual health.
Transfer in L3 cognate language acquisition: The role of language background on instructed L3 Portuguese acquisition
Authors: Child Michael W. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractResearch on L3 acquisition has highlighted the importance of cross-linguistic influence in adult language acquisition. Specifically, the Typological Primacy Model (TPM) for L3 acquisition predicts full transfer from the most structurally similar background language at the initial stages of acquisition. However, it is unclear how language background might affect transfer. Furthermore, it is not known how applicable the TPM is to instructed L3 language acquisition. Consequently, this study examines Spanish/English bilinguals, their knowledge of mood distinctions in subjunctive-dominant contexts in Spanish and their transfer of that knowledge at the beginning stages of instructed L3 Portuguese acquisition. Data from eight L1 Spanish, 22 L2 Spanish, and 38 Spanish heritage bilinguals were analyzed to determine if the groups differed in their knowledge of mood distinctions, first in Spanish and subsequently in Portuguese. Results indicate a significant role of language background on all tasks.
Are there Multiple Bubbles in the Stock Markets? Further Evidence from Selected Countries
Authors: Zeren Feyyaz , Yilanci Veli 
Published: April 2019

[full article and abstract in English]
In this study, the existence of multiple bubbles in 15 selected countries is researched by means of the GSADF unit root test developed by Phillips, Shi, and Yu (2015). The data set consists of a weighted average of the monthly price/earnings ratios with the different start dates for countries whose data could accessed. As a result of the conducted analysis, the existence of multiple bubbles was detected for all the countries examined. The results demonstrate that bubbles in stock markets occur before the local and global crisis periods. We therefore conclude that the GSADF method may be used as one of the early warning systems of a financial crisis. It is significant for policymakers and investors to know these signs in terms of financial stability and profitable investments.
The Importance of External Audit in Detecting Abnormalities and Fraud in the Financial Statements of Public Enterprises in Kosovo
Authors: Ismajli Hysen , Perjuci Edona , Prenaj Vlora , Braha Medina 
Published: April 2019

[full article and abstract in English]
This paper focuses on determinants and their impact on the audit of public enterprises in Kosovo. In addition, it analyzes the impact of audit quality on improving the transparency and accountability of those enterprises. The study also assesses factors that affect the effectiveness and ineffectiveness of information in the audit reports of the Kosovo National Audit Office. The data were obtained based on observations, documentation, questionnaires, and interviews. Respondents were internal auditors of public enterprises in Kosovo as well as external auditors of the Kosovo National Audit Office. This research was designed using primary and secondary sources of data and was carried out in accordance with statistical analysis methods using the average algebraic size method and absolute variation indicators.
The findings of this paper suggest that external auditors consider the potential risk of errors and fraud as being high, that they have aversive attitudes against errors and fraud, and that there exists for them a negative relationship between errors, fraud and financial reporting. Also, the quality of external audit positively affects the detection of fraud and anomalies within financial statements.
Fullerene sensitized silicon for near to mid infrared light detection
Authors: Matt Gebhard J. , Bednorz Mateusz , Fromherz Thomas , Zamiri Saeid , Lungenschmied Christoph , Sariciftci Niyazi Serdar , Bauer Günther 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe report on a novel light sensing scheme based on a silicon/fullerene-derivative hetero-junction that allows the realization of optoelectronic devices for the detection of near to mid infrared radiation. Despite the absent absorption of silicon and the fullerene-derivative for wavelengths beyond 1.1 µm and 0.72 µm, respectively, a hetero-junction of these materials absorbs and generates a photo-current due to absorption in the near to mid infrared. This photo-current is caused by an interfacial absorption mechanism [1].Besides its scientific relevance, the simple fabrication process of the hetero-junction (e.g. the fullerene-derivative is deposited by spin-coating on Si) as well as its compatibility with the established and rather cheap CMOS technology makes the presented hybrid approach a promising candidate for widespread applications.