bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Historical and recent aufeis in the Indigirka River basin (Russia)
Authors: Makarieva Olga , Shikhov Andrey , Nesterova Nataliia , Ostashov Andrey 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. A detailed spatial geodatabase of aufeis (or naled in Russian)
within the Indigirka River watershed (305 000 km2), Russia, was compiled
from historical Russian publications (year 1958), topographic maps (years
1970–1980s) and Landsat images (year 2013–2017). Identification of aufeis
by late spring Landsat images was performed with a semi-automated approach
according to Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI) and additional data.
After this, a cross-reference index was set for each aufeis field to link and
compare historical and satellite-based aufeis datasets. The aufeis coverage varies from 0.26 % to 1.15 % in different sub-basins
within the Indigirka River watershed. The digitized historical archive
(Cadastre, 1958) contains the coordinates and characteristics of 896 aufeis
fields with a total area of 2064 km2. The Landsat-based dataset included 1213
aufeis fields with a total area of 1287 km2. Accordingly, the
satellite-derived total aufeis area is 1.6 times less than the Cadastre (1958)
dataset. However, more than 600 aufeis fields identified from Landsat images
are missing in the Cadastre (1958) archive. It is therefore possible that
the conditions for aufeis formation may have changed from the mid-20th
century to the present. Most present and historical aufeis fields are located in the elevation band
of 1000–1200 m. About 60 % of the total aufeis area is represented by
just 10 % of the largest aufeis fields. Interannual variability of aufeis area for the period of
2001–2016 was assessed for the Bolshaya Momskaya aufeis and for a group of
large aufeis fields (11 aufeis fields with areas from 5 to 70 km2) in
the basin of the Syuryuktyakh River. The results of this analysis indicate a
tendency towards an area decrease in the Bolshaya Momskaya aufeis in recent
years, while no reduction in Syuryuktyakh River aufeis area was observed. The combined digital database of the aufeis is available at
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.891036.
First forcing estimates from the future CMIP6 scenarios of anthropogenic aerosol optical properties and an associated Twomey effect
Authors: Fiedler Stephanie , Stevens Bjorn , Gidden Matthew , Smith Steven J. , Riahi Keywan , van Vuuren Detlef 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. We present the first forcing interpretation of the future
anthropogenic aerosol scenarios of CMIP6 with the simple plumes
parameterisation MACv2-SP. The nine scenarios for 2015 to 2100 are based on
anthropogenic aerosol emissions for use in CMIP6
(Riahi et al., 2017; Gidden et al., 2018). We use the emissions to scale the
observationally informed anthropogenic aerosol optical properties and the
associated effect on the cloud albedo of present-day
(Fiedler et al., 2017; Stevens et al., 2017) into the future. The resulting scenarios in
MACv2-SP are then ranked according to their strength in forcing magnitude and
spatial asymmetries for anthropogenic aerosol. All scenarios, except SSP3-70
and SSP4-60, show a decrease in anthropogenic aerosol by 2100 with a range
from 108 % to 36 % of the anthropogenic aerosol optical depth in 2015. We estimate
the radiative forcing of anthropogenic aerosol from high- and low-end
scenarios in the mid-2090s by performing ensembles of simulations with the
atmosphere-only configuration of MPI-ESM1.2. MACv2-SP translates the
CMIP6 emission scenarios for inducing anthropogenic aerosol forcing. With the
implementation in our model, we obtain forcing estimates for both the
shortwave instantaneous radiative forcing (RF) and the effective radiative forcing (ERF) of
anthropogenic aerosol relative to 1850. Here, ERF accounts for rapid
atmospheric adjustments and natural variability internal to the model. The
ERF of anthropogenic aerosol for the mid-2090s ranges from −0.15 W m−2
for SSP1-19 to −0.54 W m−2 for SSP3-70, i.e. the mid-2090s ERF is
30 %–108 % of the value in the mid-2000s due to differences in the emission
pathway alone. Assuming a stronger Twomey effect changes these ERFs to
−0.39 and −0.92 W m−2, respectively, which are similar to
estimates obtained from models with complex aerosol parameterisations. The
year-to-year standard deviations around 0.3 W m−2 associated with
natural variability highlight the necessity to average over sufficiently
long time periods for estimating ERF; this is in contrast to RF that is typically
well constrained after simulating just 1 year. The scenario interpretation
of MACv2-SP will be used within the framework of CMIP6 and other cutting-edge
scientific endeavours.
Teleostei, Scophthalmidae: four-spot megrim spotted in Norwegian waters
Authors: Wienerroither Rupert , Bjelland Otte , Jensen Gjertrud , Sveistrup Anne Kari 
Published: March 2019

The flatfish four-spot megrim (Lepidorhombus boscii) was registered in Norwegian waters, both in trawl catches and video observations. The records represent a considerable northward extension of the species. Specimens of up to 49 cm were measured, representing also a new maximum size for this species. The number of registrations has increased within the last years, indicating that the species got more common in this area.
Fostering Worker Cooperatives with Blockchain Technology: Lessons from the Colony Project
Authors: Mannan Morshed 
Published: March 2019

Fostering Worker Cooperatives with Blockchain Technology: Lessons from the Colony Project
In recent years, there has been growing policy support for expanding worker ownership of businesses in the European Union. Debates on stimulating worker ownership are a regular feature of discussions on the collaborative economy and the future of work, given anxieties regarding the reconfiguration of the nature of work and the decline of standardised employment contracts. Yet, worker ownership, in the form of labour-managed firms such as worker cooperatives, remains marginal. This article explains the appeal of worker cooperatives and examines the reasons why they continue to be relatively scarce. Taking its cue from Henry Hansmann’s hypothesis that organisational innovations can make worker ownership of firms viable in previously untenable circumstances, this article explores how organisational innovations, such as those embodied in the capital and governance structure of Decentralised (Autonomous) Organisations (D(A)Os), can potentially facilitate the growth of LMFs. It does so by undertaking a case study of a blockchain project, Colony, which seeks to create decentralised, self-organising companies where decision-making power derives from high-quality work. For worker cooperatives, seeking to connect globally dispersed workers through an online workplace, Colony’s proposed capital and governance structure, based on technological and game theoretic insight may offer useful lessons. Drawing from this pre-figurative structure, self-imposed institutional rules may be deployed by worker cooperatives in their by-laws to avoid some of the main pitfalls associated with labour management and thereby, potentially, vitalise the formation of the cooperative form.
On Effect of Planar Scaling on Microstrip Patch Antenna Performance
Authors: Esmaeilkhah A. , Ghobadi C. , Nourinia J. , Majidzadeh M. 
Published: March 2019

This paper aims at investigating the effect of planar scaling on Microstrip patch antenna performance. To this end, nine antennas with different sizes are fabricated on the same FR4 substrate with thickness of 1mm with different scale factors. Results indicate some deviations between the obtained expected, simulated and measured resonant frequency which could be mainly due to the truncation error effect, and the SMA connector effect in the scaling process. All the influential factors are studied in detail through the paper. Detailed discussion on the scaling process and its effect on the antenna performance would be presented.
MODEL PENGARUH SAFETY MANAGEMENT DAN SAFETY LEADERSHIP TERHADAP SAFETY PERFORMANCE PADA PROYEK KONSTRUKSI DI SURABAYA
Authors: Romuty Yovita Vanesa 
Published: March 2019

Safety performance dapat menjadi tolak ukur keberhasilan suatu proyek konstruksi dalam menciptakan keselamatan kerja. Untuk meningkatkan safety performance pada sebuah proyek konstruksi maka perusahaan harus memperhatikan safety management dan safety leadership. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh safety management dan safety leadership terhadap safety performance proyek konstruksi. Model penelitian diadopsi dari penelitian Khdair et al dan dimodifikasi dengan penambahan indikator tiap variabel. Data penelitian dari penyebaran kuesioner sebanyak 147 responden kepada pihak kontraktor antara lain site manager, site engineer, project manager¸ safety officer dan lain-lain. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode SEM dengan bantuan program AMOS 16. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh positif antara safety management dan safety performance dengan direct effect 0,564 serta terdapat pengaruh positif antara safety leadership dan safety performance dengan direct effect 0,417. Indikator safety management dengan loading factor terbesar adalah perencanaan pencegahan. Indikator safety leadership dengan loading factor adalah pemimpin menunjukkan jiwa kepemimpinan dalam kegiatan keselamatan kerja. Indikator safety performance dengan loading factor terbesar adalah observasi perilaku pekerja di lapangan.
TINGKAT KEPENTINGAN RISIKO DAN RESPON RISIKO PADA TAHAP PELAKSANAAN PROYEK KONSTRUKSI
Authors: Widjaja Anton 
Published: March 2019

Frekuensi dan dampak bisa mewakili tingkat kepentingan risiko. Karena itu tingkat kepentingan risiko harus diketahui agar bisa mendapatkan prioritas risiko. Setelah itu respon risiko dilakukan pada masing-masing risiko menurut tingkat kepentingannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari tingkat kepentingan dan respon risiko pada masing-masing risiko yang diidentifikasi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menyebar kuesioner kepada owner, konsultan perencana, MK, dan kontraktor yang terlibat langsung di lapangan di wilayah Surabaya. Kemudian data dianalisa dengan uji t-test untuk frekuensi dan dampak risiko, sedangkan respon risiko diuji menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pada tingkat kepentingan risiko ditemukan bahwa risiko internal baik masing-masing owner dan kontraktor lebih cenderung pada tingkat kepentingan extreme dan high, sedangkan risiko eksternal lebih cenderung pada tingkat kepentingan medium dan low. Dengan frekuensi dengan mean tertinggi dan dampak dengan mean tertinggi menurut owner adalah kekurangan pekerja sedangkan pada kontraktor adalah permintaan change order oleh owner, diikuti beberapa perbedaan pendapat untuk frekuensi dan dampak. Kemudian ditemukan bahwa strategi untuk merespon risiko menurut tingkat kepentingan extreme dan high adalah dengan menghindari dan mengurangi, sedangkan pada tingkat kepentingan medium dan low adalah dengan menghindari dan menerima, dengan adanya beberapa perbedaan pendapat untuk merespon risiko.
Missing Heritability of Complex Traits and Diseases
Authors: Nolte Ilja Maria , Tropf Felix Christian , Snieder Harold 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) have identified thousands of genetic variants involved in complex traits and diseases, but these only explain a minor fraction of the heritability. New methodologies that scrutinise the GWAS data indicate where the missing heritability might be found. About half of the heritability is still hidden in the GWAS data as this concerns common variants with small effects. Furthermore, a large part is still missing because this involves rare variants, which cannot be detected by GWAS due to low linkage disequilibrium. Nevertheless, even estimates of the most sophisticated methods do not fully reach the total genetic contributions derived from twin and family studies, suggesting that these heritabilities may be overestimated due to violation of the underlying assumptions or heterogeneity in heritability estimation across populations. Future variant discovery for complex traits and diseases will capture an ever larger part of the genetic predisposition and eventually bring health care applications within reach.

Key Concepts

Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have so far been able to only explain a minority of the heritability of complex traits or diseases, a large part is missing.

The missing heritability can be divided in hidden heritability, still‐missing heritability and phantom heritability.

Part of the missing heritability is hidden in the GWAS data meaning that due to lack of power the underlying common genetic variants have not yet been identified.

About half of the heritability of complex traits or diseases is expected to be caused by common variants and can ultimately be found by GWAS.

The still‐missing heritability can be explained by rare and structural genetic variants, dominance effects and epistasis.

The effects of dominance and epistasis are likely not very large.

Heritability estimates from twin and family studies may be overestimated due to violation of underlying model assumptions and therefore cause phantom heritability.

Heritability is likely also missing due to heterogeneity of effects between and within populations, as estimates from twin and family studies are calculated in homogeneous populations.
The “analysis of competing hypotheses” in intelligence analysis
Authors: Dhami Mandeep K. , Belton Ian K. , Mandel David R. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThe intelligence community uses “structured analytic techniques” to help analysts think critically and avoid cognitive bias. However, little evidence exists of how techniques are applied and whether they are effective. We examined the use of the analysis of competing hypotheses (ACH)—a technique designed to reduce “confirmation bias.” Fifty intelligence analysts were randomly assigned to use ACH or not when completing a hypothesis testing task that had probabilistic ground truth. Data on analysts' judgement processes and conclusions were collected using written protocols that were then coded for statistical analyses. We found that ACH‐trained analysts did not follow all of the steps of ACH. There was mixed evidence for ACH's ability to reduce confirmation bias, and we observed that ACH may increase judgement inconsistency and error. It may be prudent for the intelligence community to consider the conditions under which ACH would prove useful and to explore alternatives.
Mittag‐Leffler state estimator design and synchronization analysis for fractional‐order BAM neural networks with time delays
Authors: Pratap A. , Raja R. , Rajchakit Grienggrai , Cao Jinde , Bagdasar O. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThis paper deals with the extended design of Mittag‐Leffler state estimator and adaptive synchronization for fractional‐order bidirectional associative memory neural networks with time delays. By the aid of Lyapunov direct approach and Razumikhin‐type method, a suitable fractional‐order Lyapunov functional is constructed and a new set of novel sufficient condition are derived to estimate the neuron states via available output measurements such that the ensuring estimator error system is globally Mittag‐Leffler stable. Then, the adaptive feedback control rule is designed, under which the considered FBNNs can achieve Mittag‐Leffler adaptive synchronization by means of some fractional‐order inequality techniques. Moreover, the adaptive feedback control may be utilized even when there is no ideal information from the system parameters. Finally, two numerical simulations are given to reveal the effectiveness of the theoretical consequences.
Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug‐Dye‐Peptide Nanoassembly for Enhanced Tumor‐Targeting, Penetration, and Photo‐Chemo‐Immunotherapy
Authors: Peng Jinrong , Yang Qian , Xiao Yao , Shi Kun , Liu Qingya , Hao Ying , Yang Fan , Han Ruxia , Qian Zhiyong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractNanomedicine constructed by therapeutics has unique and irreplaceable advantages in biomedical applications, especially in drug delivery for cancer therapy. The strategy, however, used to construct the therapeutics‐based nanomedicines with tumor microenvironmental factor responsiveness is still sophisticated. In this study, an easy‐operating procedure is used to construct a therapeutics‐based nanosystem with active tumor‐targeting, enhanced penetration, and stimuli‐responsive drug release behavior as well as programmed cell death‐1/programmed cell death‐ligand 1 (PD‐1/PD‐L1) blockading mediated immunomodulation to enhance tumor immunotherapy. The matrix metalloproteinase‐2 responsive peptide with the existence of Lyp‐1 sequence contributes to the success of active tumor‐targeting and the enhancement of the penetration of the nanoparticles in tumor tissue. The obtained nanosystem strikingly inhibits the primary tumor growth in the first 24 h (more than 97.5% of tumor cells are inhibited), and total inhibition can be achieved with the combination of photothermal therapy. IR820, which is served as the carrier for the therapeutics, is used as a photosensitizer for photothermal therapy. The progress and aggression of distal tumor has further been alleviated by a d‐peptide which is an antagonist for PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockage. Therefore, a therapeutics‐constructed multifunctional nanosystem is provided to realize a combinational therapeutic strategy to enhance the therapeutic outcome.
Copper‐Catalyzed B(dan)‐Installing Allylic Borylation of Allylic Phosphates
Authors: Yoshida Hiroto , Murashige Yuya , Osaka Itaru 
Published: March 2019

Abstractγ‐Selective B(dan)‐installing allylic borylation was found to proceed efficaciously by the reaction of an unsymmetrical diboron, (pin)B−B(dan), with allylic phosphates under copper catalysis. The resulting allyl−B(dan) was convertible into 1,3‐, 1,2‐, or 1,1‐diborylalkanes with different boron‐Lewis acidity by B(pin)‐installing hydroboration, and its C(sp3)−B(dan) bond turned out to be preferentially transformed into a C(sp3)−N bond, leaving the B(pin) intact, despite its well‐accepted inertness toward various transformations.magnified image
A Universally Applicable Strategy for Construction of Anti‐Biofouling Adsorbents for Enhanced Uranium Recovery from Seawater
Authors: Yu Qiuhan , Yuan Yihui , Wen Jun , Zhao Xuemei , Zhao Shilei , Wang Dong , Li Chaoyang , Wang Xiaolin , Wang Ning 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe ocean reserves 4.5 billion tons of uranium and amounts to a nearly inexhaustible uranium supply. Biofouling in the ocean is one of the most severe factors that hazard uranium extraction and even cause the failure of uranium extraction. Therefore, development of uranium adsorbents with biofouling resistance is highly urgent. Herein, a strategy for constructing anti‐biofouling adsorbents with enhanced uranium recovery capacity in natural seawater is developed. This strategy can be widely applied to modify currently available carboxyl‐contained adsorbents, including the most popular amidoxime‐based adsorbent and carboxyl metal organic framework adsorbent, using a simple one‐step covalent cross‐link reaction between the antibacterial compound and the adsorbent. The prepared anti‐biofouling adsorbents display broad antibacterial spectrum and show more than 80% inhibition to the growth of marine bacteria. Benefitting from the tight covalent cross‐link, the anti‐biofouling adsorbents show high reusability. The modified amidoxime‐based adsorbents show enhanced uranium recovery capacity both in sterilized and bacteria‐contained simulated seawater. The anti‐biofouling adsorbent Anti‐UiO‐66 constructed in this study exhibits 24.4% increased uranium recovery capacity, with a uranium recovery capacity of 4.62 mg‐U per g‐Ads, after a 30‐day field test in real seawater, suggesting the strategy is a promising approach for constructing adsorbents with enhanced uranium extraction performance.
High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells with Excellent Humidity and Thermo‐Stability via Fluorinated Perylenediimide
Authors: Yang Jia , Liu Cong , Cai Chunsheng , Hu Xiaotian , Huang Zengqi , Duan Xiaopeng , Meng Xiangchuan , Yuan Zhongyi , Tan Licheng , Chen Yiwang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe notoriously poor stability of perovskite solar cells is a crucial issue restricting commercial applications. Here, a fluorinated perylenediimide (F‐PDI) is first introduced into perovskite film to enhance the device's photovoltaic performance, as well as thermal and moisture stability simultaneously. The conductive F‐PDI molecules filling at grain boundaries (GBs) and surface of perovskite film can passivate defects and promote charge transport through GBs due to the chelation between carbonyl of F‐PDI and noncoordinating lead. Furthermore, an effective multiple hydrophobic structure is formed to protect perovskite film from moisture erosion. As a result, the F‐PDI‐incorporated devices based on MAPbI3 and Cs0.05 (FA0.83MA0.17)0.95 Pb (Br0.17I0.83)3 absorber achieve champion efficiencies of 18.28% and 19.26%, respectively. Over 80% of the initial efficiency is maintained after exposure in air for 30 days with a relative humidity (RH) of 50%. In addition, the strong hydrogen bonding of F···H‐N can immobilize methylamine ion (MA+) and thus enhances the thermal stability of device, remaining nearly 70% of the initial value after thermal treatment (100 °C) for 24 h at 50% RH condition.
Single agents vs combination chemotherapy in relapsed and refractory peripheral T‐cell lymphoma: Results from the comprehensive oncology measures for peripheral T‐cell lymphoma treatment (COMPLETE) registry
Authors: Stuver Robert N. , Khan Niloufer , Schwartz Marc , Acosta Mark , Federico Massimo , Gisselbrecht Christian , Horwitz Steven M. , Lansigan Frederik , Pinter‐Brown Lauren C. , Pro Barbara , Shustov Andrei R. , Foss Francine M. , Jain Salvia 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSingle agents have demonstrated activity in relapsed and refractory (R/R) peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (PTCL). Their benefit relative to combination chemotherapy remains undefined. Patients with histologically confirmed PTCL were enrolled in the Comprehensive Oncology Measures for Peripheral T‐cell Lymphoma Treatment (COMPLETE) registry. Eligibility criteria included those with R/R disease who had received one prior systemic therapy and were given either a single agent or combination chemotherapy as first retreatment. Treatment results for those with R/R disease who received single agents were compared to those who received combination chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was best response to retreatment. Fifty‐seven patients met eligibility criteria. At first retreatment, 46% (26/57) received combination therapy and 54.5% (31/57) received single agents. At median follow up of 2 years, a trend was seen towards increased complete response rate for single agents versus combination therapy (41% vs 19%; P = .02). There was also increased median overall survival (38.9 vs 17.1 months; P = .02) and progression‐free survival (11.2 vs 6.7 months; P = .02). More patients receiving single agents received hematopoietic stem‐cell transplantation (25.8% vs 7.7%, P = .07). Adverse events of grade 3 or 4 occurred more frequently in those receiving combination therapy, although this was not statistically significant. The data confirm the unmet need for better treatment in R/R PTCL. Despite a small sample, the analysis shows greater response and survival in those treated with single agents as first retreatment in R/R setting, while maintaining the ability to achieve transplantation. Large, randomized trials are needed to identify the best strategy.