bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction of river valley evolution before and after the emplacement of the giant Seymareh rock avalanche (Zagros Mts., Iran)
Authors: Delchiaro Michele , Della Seta Marta , Martino Salvatore , Dehbozorgi Maryam , Nozaem Reza 
Published: October 2019

Abstract. The Seymareh landslide, detached ∼10 ka from
the northeastern flank of the Kabir-kuh fold (Zagros Mts., Iran), is
recognized worldwide as the largest rock slope failure (44 Gm3) ever
recorded on the exposed Earth surface. Detailed studies have been performed
that have described the landslide mechanism and different scenarios have
been proposed for explaining the induced landscape changes. The purpose of
this study is to provide still missing time constraints on the evolution of
the Seymareh River valley, before and after the emplacement of the Seymareh
landslide, to highlight the role of geomorphic processes both as
predisposing factors and as response to the landslide debris emplacement. We used optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) to date lacustrine and
fluvial terrace sediments, whose plano-altimetric distribution has been
correlated to the detectable knickpoints along the Seymareh River
longitudinal profile, allowing the reconstruction of the evolutionary model
of the fluvial valley. We infer that the knickpoint migration along the main
river and the erosion wave propagation upstream through the whole drainage
network caused the stress release and the ultimate failure of the rock mass
involved in the landslide. We estimated that the stress release activated a
mass rock creep (MRC) process with gravity-driven deformation processes
occurring over an elapsed time-to-failure value on the order of 102 kyr. We
estimated also that the Seymareh damming lake persisted for ∼3500 years before starting to empty ∼6.6 ka due to lake
overflow. A sedimentation rate of 10 mm yr−1 was estimated for the
lacustrine deposits, which increased up to 17 mm yr−1 during the early
stage of lake emptying due to the increased sediment yield from the lake
tributaries. We calculated an erosion rate of 1.8 cm yr−1 since the
initiation of dam breaching by the Seymareh River, which propagated through the
drainage system up to the landslide source area. The evolutionary model of the Seymareh River valley can provide the
necessary constraints for future stress–strain numerical modeling of the
landslide slope to reproduce the MRC and demonstrate the possible role of
seismic triggering in prematurely terminating the creep-controlled
time-to-failure pathway for such an extremely large case study.
Experiments on patterns of alluvial cover and bedrock erosion in a meandering channel
Authors: Fernández Roberto , Parker Gary , Stark Colin P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract. In bedrock rivers, erosion by abrasion is driven by sediment particles that
strike bare bedrock while traveling downstream with the flow. If the
sediment particles settle and form an alluvial cover, this mode of erosion
is impeded by the protection offered by the grains themselves. Channel
erosion by abrasion is therefore related to the amount and pattern of
alluvial cover; these are functions of sediment load and hydraulic
conditions, which in turn are functions of channel geometry, slope, and
sinuosity. This study presents the results of alluvial cover experiments
conducted in a meandering channel flume of high fixed sinuosity. Maps of
quasi-instantaneous alluvial cover were generated from time-lapse imaging of
flows under a range of below-capacity bedload conditions. These maps were
used to infer patterns of particle impact frequency and likely abrasion
rates. Results from eight such experiments suggest the following: (i) abrasion
through sediment particle impacts is driven by fluctuations in alluvial
cover due to the movement of freely migrating bars; (ii) patterns of
potential erosion are functions of sediment load and local curvature; (iii) low sediment supply ratios are associated with regions of potential erosion
located closer to the inner bank, but this region moves toward the outer
bank as sediment supply increases; and (iv) the threads of high erosion
rates are located at the toe of the alluvial bars, just where the alluvial
cover reaches an optimum for abrasion.
Environmental controls on surf zone injuries on high-energy beaches
Authors: Castelle Bruno , Scott Tim , Brander Rob , McCarroll Jak , Robinet Arthur , Tellier Eric , de Korte Elias , Simonnet Bruno , Salmi Louis-Rachid 
Published: October 2019

Abstract. The two primary causes of surf zone injuries (SZIs)
worldwide, including fatal drowning and severe spinal injuries, are rip
currents (rips) and shore-break waves. SZIs also result from surfing and
bodyboarding activity. In this paper we address the primary environmental
controls on SZIs along the high-energy meso–macro-tidal surf beach coast of
southwestern France. A total of 2523 SZIs recorded by lifeguards over 186 sample days
during the summers of 2007, 2009 and 2015 were combined with measured and/or
hindcast weather, wave, tide, and beach morphology data. All SZIs occurred
disproportionately on warm sunny days with low wind, likely because of
increased beachgoer numbers and hazard exposure. Relationships were
strongest for shore-break- and rip-related SZIs and weakest for surfing-related SZIs, the latter being also unaffected by tidal stage or range.
Therefore, the analysis focused on bathers. More shore-break-related SZIs
occur during shore-normal incident waves with average to below-average wave
height (significant wave height, Hs = 0.75–1.5 m) and around higher water
levels and large tide ranges when waves break on the steepest section of the
beach. In contrast, more rip-related drownings occur near neap low tide,
coinciding with maximised channel rip flow activity, under shore-normal
incident waves with Hs >1.25 m and mean wave periods longer
than 5 s. Additional drowning incidents occurred at spring high tide,
presumably due to small-scale swash rips. The composite wave and tide
parameters proposed by Scott et al. (2014) are key controlling factors
determining SZI occurrence, although the risk ranges are not necessarily
transferable to all sites. Summer beach and surf zone morphology is interannually highly
variable, which is critical to SZI patterns. The upper beach
slope can vary from 0.06 to 0.18 between summers, resulting in low and high
shore-break-related SZIs, respectively. Summers with coast-wide highly
(weakly) developed rip channels also result in widespread (scarce) rip-related drowning incidents. With life risk defined in terms of the number of
people exposed to life threatening hazards at a beach, the ability of
morphodynamic models to simulate primary beach morphology characteristics a
few weeks or months in advance is therefore of paramount importance for predicting
the primary surf zone life risks along this coast.
Catharsis: een vergeten functie van financiële verantwoording
Authors: Keulen Sjoerd , Kroeze Ronald 
Published: October 2019

Catharsis in accountability
Performance Budgeting has been introduced to gain greater managerial control over the outcomes and efficiency of policies and their budgets. Strikingly, a growing body of literature has explained that politicians hardly use performance information or only to emotionally judge government performance. We, however, propose understanding the emotional use of performance information as catharsis. Catharsis is the ritual of emotional and moral judging to understand and initiate improvement. Catharsis has been named as an important function of accountability, but has not been researched in the field of Public Administration. We discuss the concept of catharsis in relation to accountability and show that, by using evidence from its role in Dutch parliament, the use of ‘cathartic emotions’ are omnipresent in financial debates, especially when parliamentary enquiries and annual budgets are debated. Based on these findings catharsis should be understood as a much more serious function of accountability by both academics and public officials.
Positieve beleidsevaluatie: hoe evaluatieonderzoek kan bijdragen aan beter beleid
Authors: van der Knaap Peter , Turksema Rudi 
Published: October 2019

Positive policy evaluation: how evaluations can actually contribute to better policy making
New insights from the field of positive psychology led to the insight that people learn more effectively from positive feedback. Policy evaluation aims to improve public policy programmes through contributing to both accountability and learning. This ambiguous ambition has contributed to a considerable body of research into the impact of policy evaluation. Too often the conclusion is that the outcomes of policy evaluations – which are often negative by nature – are sparsely used by policy makers. This has led to series of improvements in the way we carry out evaluations. First through technical improvements and then by more responsive approaches. Both have not led to the desired breakthrough. Building on a number of positive evaluation studies, we advance a more positive approach in policy evaluation. Focussing on the successes in policy programmes rather than on its failures may contribute to evaluation impact. Consequently, we think a more positive, appreciative approach and using data to find success in policy making is necessary for policy evaluators to be more effective. This article presents practical examples of positive policy evaluations and successful use of data in the domain of policy evaluation.
Paradox van het Pact van de Waard
Authors: Rutgers-Zoet Janneke , Metze Tamara 
Published: October 2019

[The Paradox of the Pact van de Waard: dynamic collaboration in a shrinking-region
In several regions in the Netherlands there are declining population numbers. In those regions, administrators, companies and societal organisations often start regional collaborations in order to anticipate population decline and maintain a good quality of life. This is a logical step, but in practice the collaborating partners face challenges. For this article we analysed over a period of eight years the dynamics of cooperation in the Hoeksche Waard, a region in the province of South Holland that is dealing with a decrease in the number of inhabitants. On the basis of the regime model (Stone 1989), and by conducting qualitative research, in this exploratory study we discerned a paradox of regional cooperation in this ‘shrinking’ region: a decline of population numbers is the reason to initiate informal cooperation in networks, but the complexity of the regional agenda leads to the desire for formalisation of the collaborations in formal decision making structures. This formalisation, in its turn, leads to less commitment from the parties and makes cooperation and achieving results difficult, which increases the need for informalisation.
Nietigheid van de overeenkomst met het Land Curaçao wegens het contracteren met een vertegenwoordigingsonbevoegde overheidsfunctionaris
Authors: Snel M.V.R. 
Published: October 2019

Nietigheid van de overeenkomst met het Land Curaçao wegens het contracteren met een vertegenwoordigingsonbevoegde overheidsfunctionaris
Ter behartiging van het algemeen belang bedient de Curaçaose overheid zich behalve van het publiekrecht ook van het privaatrecht. Wanneer het daartoe overgaat, zijn op dat handelen zowel privaat- als publiekrechtelijke normen van toepassing. Zodoende kan de geldigheid van met de overheid gesloten contracten ter discussie komen te staan op basis van de in het privaatrecht verankerde wilsgebreken (art. 3:44 en 6:228 BW) of de figuur van strijd met de wet, goede zeden of openbare orde (art. 3:40 BW), maar ook op basis van bijzondere publiekrechtelijke normen.
O sociologické imaginaci
Authors: Kobes Tomáš 
Published: October 2019

This article discusses the controversy of the sociological imagination as it was developed by Charles Wright Mills and its relevance for the current epistemology of social science. His notion of the sociological imagination has several problems due to the unreflected general prejudice distinguishing between structure and subjectivity, which creates from sociology a kind of social metaphysics. As a result, social context is conceptualised as an unproblematic domain used for the rationalisation of an actor’s behaviour and knowledge, and the sociological imagination gives the sociologist an absolute critical position which situates him paradoxically in the name of justice and freedom against humanity.
„Pocity plotu“: teritoriální (re)produkce, normativita a ne/viditelnost ve veřejném prostoru panelového sídliště
Authors: Lehečka Michal 
Published: October 2019

This article focuses on the material components of public space, e.g. walls, fences, and grids, and shows how they can be seen from an analytical point of view as active components of the (re)production of space. Based on illustrative cases from my long-term fieldwork in a modernist housing estate, I explore what roles physical barriers play in the constitution of various (in)visible relations between the inhabitants, spatial practices and, of course, the socio-material environment. For this purpose I operationalise and further extend Kärrholm’s concept of “territorial (re)productions”. This approach allows me to grasp processuality and relativity as well as the effects of constant (re)production of territoriality in the micro-context of the post-socialist modernist space. From this point of view, both human and nonhuman components (individuals, public space amenities, natural entities) of the reality are in continuous interaction. The housing estate is (re)produced by individual, collective and often (in)visible manifestations of Right to the City. These manifestations mirror the assemblage that is spatio-temporally embedded in the hybrid interplay between residual principles of socialist modernist urbanism and socialist housing policies and the economic transformation, renaissance of private ownership and individualism which emerged after 1989. Altogether these regimes are appropriated through the processes of everyday territorial (re)productions in socio-material space.
Will I Need to Move to Get My First Job?: Geographic Relocation and Other Trends in the Pathology Job Market
Authors: George Melissa R. , Johnson Kristen A. , Gratzinger Dita A. , Brissette Mark D. , McCloskey Cindy B. , Conran Richard Michael , Dixon Lisa R. , Roberts Cory Anthony , Rojiani Amyn M. , Shyu Irene , Timmons Charles Franklin , Hoffman Robert D. 
Published: October 2019

Context.—
There is an ongoing perception that the pathology job market is poor, which may be discouraging medical students from pursuing the specialty. Academic pathologists believe that jobs are available but relocation may be necessary.

Objective.—
To identify trends regarding the geographic relocation of pathologists taking their first job after training.

Design.—
The College of American Pathologists (CAP) Graduate Medical Education Committee has sent an annual job search survey from 2012–2016 to CAP junior members and fellows in practice for 3 years or less and seeking their first job. Data were analyzed across demographics and geographic domains consisting of the following: stayed at same institution/city, relocated within the same region, or relocated to a different region. Standard statistical methods were used.

Results.—
Of 501 respondents, 421 reported completing combined anatomic pathology (AP)/clinical pathology (CP) training, while 80 reported AP- or CP-only training. Of the 421 AP/CP respondents, 109 (26%) stayed at the same institution or city, while of the 80 AP- or CP-only respondents, 36 (45%) stayed at the same institution or city. One hundred ninety-nine respondents completed surgical pathology fellowships with 124 (62%) general/oncologic surgical pathology and 75 (38%) subspecialty surgical pathology trainees. Job seekers who completed general surgical pathology/surgical oncologic pathology fellowship accounted for 34 of 52 (65%) of those remaining at the same institution or city, while those with subspecialty training accounted for 40 of 77 (52%) of those relocating to a different region. Relocation did not demonstrate any significant trends in regard to other demographics studied.

Conclusions.—
The pathology job market appears stable with no precedent for geographic hardship.
Impact of an Antibiotic Stewardship Program on the Incidence of Vancomycin-Associated Acute Kidney Injury in Hospitalized Children
Authors: Hsu Alice Jenh , Tamma Pranita D. 
Published: October 2019

OBJECTIVE Vancomycin causes considerable acute kidney injury (AKI) in children, particularly in the setting of troughs of 15 to 20 mg/L. We sought to determine whether the addition of prospective audit and feedback to a preauthorization and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) program further reduces the incidence of AKI.
METHODS We conducted a quasiexperimental study of children admitted to The Johns Hopkins Hospital receiving vancomycin for ≥48 hours. The incidence of AKI was compared between the preintervention and intervention periods. Additional risk factors for vancomycin-associated AKI were also explored.
RESULTS A total of 386 courses of vancomycin therapy met eligibility criteria (200 in the preintervention vs 186 in the intervention period). The incidence of vancomycin-associated AKI did not differ between the preintervention and intervention periods, 8% vs 9%, respectively. On multivariable analysis, the number of concurrent nephrotoxins was found to be an independent predictor of vancomycin-associated AKI, with each additional nephrotoxin increasing the risk of AKI by 40% (adjusted OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.06–1.85; p = 0.019). Specific nephrotoxins that increased the risk of vancomycin-associated AKI included piperacillin/tazobactam, liposomal amphotericin B, and ibuprofen.
CONCLUSION The addition of prospective audit and feedback to a preauthorization and TDM program did not result in further AKI reduction. Prospective audit and feedback is a resource-intensive intervention. If preauthorization restrictions and TDM are already in place, our findings suggest stewardship efforts may be more effective if redirected to focus on other modifiable risk factors for vancomycin-associated AKI, such as minimizing additional nephrotoxins.
Characterization of dengue cases among patients with an acute illness, Central Department, Paraguay
Authors: Rojas Alejandra , Cardozo Fátima , Cantero César , Stittleburg Victoria , López Sanny , Bernal Cynthia , Gimenez Acosta Francisco Eugenio , Mendoza Laura , Pinsky Benjamin A. , Arévalo de Guillén Ivalena , Páez Malvina , Waggoner Jesse 
Published: October 2019

Background
In 2018, Paraguay experienced a large dengue virus (DENV) outbreak. The primary objective of this study was to characterize dengue cases in the Central Department, where the majority of cases occur, and identify factors associated with DENV infection.

Methods
Patients were enrolled from January-May 2018 if they presented with a suspected arboviral illness. Acute-phase specimens (≤8 days after symptom onset) were tested using rRT-PCR, a rapid diagnostic test for DENV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) and anti-DENV IgM and IgG, and ELISA for IgG against NS1 from Zika virus (ZIKV).

Results
A total of 231 patients were enrolled (95.2% adults) at two sites: emergency care and an outpatient clinical site. Patients included 119 (51.5%) dengue cases confirmed by rRT-PCR (n = 115, 96.6%) and/or the detection of NS1 and anti-DENV IgM (n = 4, 3.4%). DENV-1 was the predominant serotype (109/115, 94.8%). Epidemiologically, dengue cases and non-dengue cases were similar, though dengue cases were less likely to reside in a house/apartment or report a previous dengue case. Clinical and laboratory findings associated with dengue included red eyes, absence of sore throat, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia. At an emergency care site, 26% of dengue cases (26/100) required hospitalization. In univariate analysis, hospitalization was associated with increased viral load, anti-DENV IgG, and thrombocytopenia. Among dengue cases that tested positive for IgG against ZIKV NS1, the odds of DENV NS1 detection in the acute phase were decreased 10-fold (OR 0.1, 0.0–0.3).

Conclusions
Findings from a predominantly adult population demonstrate clinical and laboratory factors associated with DENV infections and the potential severity of dengue in this group. The combination of viral load and specific IgG antibodies warrant further study as a prognostic to identify patients at risk for severe disease.
Diffusion basis spectrum imaging for identifying pathologies in MS subtypes
Authors: Shirani Afsaneh , Sun Peng , Trinkaus Kathryn , Perantie Dana C. , George Ajit , Naismith Robert T. , Schmidt Robert E. , Song Sheng‐Kwei , Cross Anne H. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDiffusion basis spectrum imaging (DBSI) combines discrete anisotropic diffusion tensors and the spectrum of isotropic diffusion tensors to model the underlying multiple sclerosis (MS) pathologies. We used clinical MS subtypes as a surrogate of underlying pathologies to assess DBSI as a biomarker of pathology in 55 individuals with MS. Restricted isotropic fraction (reflecting cellularity) and fiber fraction (representing apparent axonal density) were the most important DBSI metrics to classify MS using brain white matter lesions. These DBSI metrics outperformed lesion volume. When analyzing the normal‐appearing corpus callosum, the most significant DBSI metrics were fiber fraction, radial diffusivity (reflecting myelination), and nonrestricted isotropic fraction (representing edema). This study provides preliminary evidence supporting the ability of DBSI as a potential noninvasive biomarker of MS neuropathology.
Diffusion tensor imaging in orthostatic tremor: a tract‐based spatial statistics study
Authors: Benito‐León Julián , Romero Juan P. , Louis Elan D. , Sánchez‐Ferro Alvaro , Matarazzo Michele , Molina‐Arjona José A. , Mato‐Abad Virginia 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe pathogenesis of orthostatic tremor (OT) is unknown. We investigated OT‐related white matter changes and their correlations with scores from a neuropsychological testing battery.MethodsDiffusion tensor imaging measures were compared between 14 OT patients and 14 age‐ and education‐matched healthy controls, using whole‐brain tract‐based spatial statistics analysis. Correlations between altered diffusion metrics and cognitive performance in OT group were assessed.ResultsIn all cognitive domains (attention, executive function, visuospatial ability, verbal memory, visual memory, and language), OT patients’ cognitive performance was significantly worse than that of healthy controls. OT patients demonstrated altered diffusivity metrics not only in the posterior lobe of the cerebellum (left cerebellar lobule VI) and in its efferent cerebellar fibers (left superior cerebellar peduncle), but also in medial lemniscus bilaterally (pontine tegmentum), anterior limb of the internal capsule bilaterally, right posterior limb of the internal capsule, left anterior corona radiata, right insula, and the splenium of corpus callosum. No relationship was found between diffusion measures and disease duration in OT patients. Diffusion white matter changes, mainly those located in right anterior limb of the internal capsule, were correlated with poor performance on tests of executive function, visuospatial ability, verbal memory, and visual memory in OT patients.InterpretationWhite matter changes were preferentially located in the cerebellum, its efferent pathways, as well as in the pontine tegmentum and key components of the frontal–thalamic–cerebellar circuit. Further work needs to be done to understand the evolution of these white matter changes and their functional consequences.