bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel application of artificial neural network for recognition of target behind the wall
Authors: Singh Akhilendra P. , Dwivedi Smrity , Jain Pradip K. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this article, a methodology for recognition of an object behind a wall has been proposed. So far research is mainly focused on target detection and localization issue. Very limited work has been reported so far for complete identification (ie, shape and size) of the target. Therefore in this article, a novel Artificial Neural Network based technique is proposed for identification of the targets behind the wall with the through the wall imaging system. For this purpose, an active microwave imaging radar system operating at frequency 3.5‐5.5 GHz has been ingeniously designed. An extensive number of experiments were performed while keeping targets made of metal and wood in different shapes and sizes. For identification of the target, an artificial neural network based image reconstruction model has been proposed. From experimental results, it was found that once training of proposed neural network with sample teaching images has been done, it could automatically rectify distortions and reconstruct nearly actual shape and size of the target for test targets. The obtained results are quite satisfactory.
Toward whole‐cortex enhancement with an ultrahigh dielectric constant helmet at 3T
Authors: Sica Christopher T. , Rupprecht Sebastian , Hou Ryan J. , Lanagan Matthew T. , Gandji Navid P. , Lanagan Michael T. , Yang Qing X. 
Published: September 2019

PurposeTo present a 3T brain imaging study using a conformal prototype helmet constructed with an ultra‐high dielectric constant (uHDC; εr ~ 1000) materials that can be inserted into standard receive head‐coils.MethodsA helmet conformal to a standard human head constructed with uHDC materials was characterized through electromagnetic simulations and experimental work. The signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), transmit efficiency, and power deposition with the uHDC helmet inserted within a 20‐channel head coil were measured in vivo and compared with a 64‐channel head coil and the 20‐channel coil without the helmet. Seven healthy volunteers were analyzed.ResultsSimulation and in vivo experimental results showed that transmit efficiency was improved by nearly 3 times within localized regions for a quadrature excitation, with a measured global increase of 58.21 ± 6.54% over 7 volunteers. The use of a parallel transmit spokes pulse compensated for severe degradation of homogeneity, at the expense of higher global and local specific absorption rate levels. A SNR histogram analysis with statistical testing demonstrated that the uHDC helmet enhanced a 20‐channel head coil to the level of the 64‐channel head coil, with the improvements mainly within the cortical brain regions.ConclusionA prototype uHDC helmet enhanced the SNR of a standard head coil to the level of a high density 64‐channel coil, although transmit homogeneity was compromised. Further improvements in SNR may be achievable with optimization of this technology, and could be a low‐cost approach for future radiofrequency engineering work in the brain at 3T.
Nonprofit and public sector interorganizational collaboration in disaster recovery: Lessons from the field
Authors: Curnin Steven , O'Hara Danielle 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRecent disasters have identified that interorganizational collaboration is often fraught with complexity. This article explores interorganizational collaboration in the nonprofit and public sectors during the disaster recovery efforts after a catastrophic flooding event. Based on a series of in‐depth interviews with practitioners involved in the recovery following a flooding event, the findings offer insights into the barriers and mechanisms used to facilitate collaboration. In disaster recovery, collaboration is reliant on established interorganizational structures and trusting relationships. Role clarity is the link between these two characteristics, and this article posits the association between this and the concept of swift trust to facilitate collaboration. Theoretically, this article extends an existing multidimensional model of collaboration into the context of emergency management. Importantly, it also offers a tangible output for industry in the form of an aide‐mémoire for collaborating in disaster recovery.
Light‐Driven Diselenide Metathesis in Peptides
Authors: Waliczek Mateusz , Pehlivan Özge , Stefanowicz Piotr 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPeptides containing selenocysteine moieties are susceptible to non‐catalytic reactions of diselenide bonds metathesis induced by visible light. In contrast to previously reported radical metathesis of disulfide bridges in cysteine derivatives, this newly developed reaction is fast and clean, and proceeds without decomposition of peptides and without formation of side products. The diselenide bond in peptides was reported in literature to be more stable than the disulfide one and also less susceptible to metathesis induced by thiols and reducing reagents. We demonstrated that visible light induces fast metathesis of Se−Se bonds in peptides. This reaction is important for the folding of peptides containing selenocysteine residues and may find application in designing dynamic combinatorial libraries of peptides responsive to external influence.
Efficient Protocol for Synthesis of β‐Hydroxy(alkoxy)selenides via Electrochemical Iodide‐Catalyzed Oxyselenation of Styrene Derivatives with Dialkyl(aryl)diselenides
Authors: Chen Jinyang , Mei Lan , Wang Haiying , Hu Li , Sun Xiaorui , Shi Jianwei , Li Qiang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAn efficient protocol for the synthesis of β‐hydroxy(alkoxy)selenides was developed through the electrochemical iodide‐catalyzed oxyselenation of styrene derivatives with dialkyl(aryl)diselenides under mild reaction conditions. Mechanistic studies showed that the cation I+ is involved during the whole process, and accelerates the formation of seleniranium ion via substitution and addition reaction with dialkyl(aryl)diselenides and styrene derivatives. The corresponding products are formed in good to excellent yields. This electrochemical oxyselenation provides an efficient strategy for difunctionalization of alkenes.
Satoumi: Re‐connecting people to nature for sustainable use and conservation of coastal zones
Authors: Uehara Takuro , Hidaka Takeshi , Matsuda Osamu , Sakurai Ryo , Yanagi Tetsuo , Yoshioka Taisuke 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

In addition to the management of marine protected areas, the management of non‐protected areas is integral to sustainable use and conservation of coastal zones.

The human–nature connection has drawn increasing attention in the Western society because the disconnect from nature is a root cause of ecological crises and unsustainability. Re‐connecting is a promising avenue.

We propose satoumi creation as an approach for the sustainable use and conservation of coastal zones by re‐connecting people to nature. Satoumi is a Japanese term describing a desirable state of coastal zones with enhanced biodiversity and productivity realized by active human intervention.

Although satoumi is promising, previous discussions have been narrowly focused on ecosystems. We reconsidered satoumi from a social‐ecological system (SES) perspective to elucidate the full spectrum of its key features. The human–nature connection is an integral part of satoumi. Satoumi engenders relational values in addition to instrumental and intrinsic values.

Satoumi as a state is one thing and its creation another. We cannot merely transplant a successful satoumi to other locations. Furthermore, because coastal SESs are complex, systemic transformation into satoumi requires identifying deep leverage points. We propose a certain marine education at schools that could function as a deep leverage point. The education corresponds to the three realms of deep leverage for sustainability transformation: re‐structure, re‐connect and re‐think.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
The cognitive assessment course: Two decades later
Authors: Lockwood Adam B. , Farmer Ryan L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGiven significant changes to legislation, practice, research, and instrumentation, the purpose of this study was to examine the course on cognitive assessment in school psychology programs and to describe the (a) structure, (b) instructional strategies, (c) content, and (d) interpretative strategies taught to school psychology graduate students. One hundred and twenty‐seven instructors were surveyed, and results suggest that over the last 20 years support for teaching cognitive assessment has decreased while the content and instructional strategies have remained largely the same. Results of this study also indicate that the interpretation strategies taught to rely heavily on Cattell–Horn–Carroll theory and related interpretive frameworks (e.g., cross‐battery assessment). Additionally, instructors are placing greater emphasis on multicultural sensitivity/culturally and linguistically diverse assessment than in previous decades. Implications for future research, training, and practice are discussed.
Survey of current treatment practices for venous thromboembolism in patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Ratté Morgan T. , Jones Aubrey E. , Witt Daniel M. , Young David C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundPatients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) pose therapeutic challenges including potential drug interactions between CF‐related therapies and anticoagulants. Despite these challenges, there are no recommendations for VTE management specific to patients with CF. Our objective was to describe VTE treatment practices among Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (CFF)‐accredited care centers and affiliate programs in the United States.MethodsAn online survey was distributed to CF center directors. The survey included questions regarding centers’ demographics and posed a series of hypothetical clinical scenarios to gather centers’ VTE treatment practices including choice of anticoagulant, dosing practices, duration decisions, and monitoring efforts. Descriptive statistics were utilized to summarize the survey results.ResultsThe survey response rate was 56.3%. Most centers reported treating zero to five VTE episodes per year. The following anticoagulants were used most often for VTE treatment: low‐molecular‐weight heparin (LMWH) (73.2%), apixaban (36.6%), warfarin (35.2%), rivaroxaban (33.8%), and unfractionated heparin (18.3%). On a scale of 0 to 100, the median confidence level in managing anticoagulant therapy was 50. Many centers expressed a desire for a CF‐specific VTE treatment guideline. The most commonly cited challenging clinical situations were managing anticoagulant therapy complications (26.5%) and drug‐drug interactions (21.3%). For common VTE scenarios, pediatric patients were most often treated with LMWH and warfarin, whereas adult patients were more often treated with apixaban or rivaroxaban.ConclusionsSurvey results indicated CF care centers find managing VTE in patients with CF challenging and indicated that a CF‐specific VTE treatment guideline would be helpful.
Immediate effect of horse riding simulator on adductor spasticity in children with cerebral palsy: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hemachithra C. , Meena N. , Ramanathan R. , Felix A.J.W. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundSpastic cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common type of CP. Hip adductor spasticity leads to discomfort, stiffness, and difficulties in doing physical activities such as sitting, transfer, and walking. Management of hip adductor spasticity is still a challenge in the field of rehabilitation. Horse riding simulator (HRS) has been reported to have beneficial effects on spasticity, postural control, and motor function in children with spastic CP.ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to determine the immediate effect of HRS on adductor spasticity in children with CP.MethodsTwenty‐four children with CP were selected and were divided into two groups: experimental and control (12 children in each group). Experimental group was exposed to HRS and control group to the corner seat placement. Adductor tone and passive hip abduction range of motion were measured before and after the intervention.ResultsPost intervention scores in the group of HRS show significant reduction in adductor spasticity and improvement in hip abduction range of motion, whereas no difference have been reported in the control group. HRS has positive effects on reducing spasticity and improving range of motion in hip joint in spastic CP.ConclusionIt was concluded that immediate effect of HRS is successful in reducing the adductor spasticity and improving abduction range of motion in hip, which could be incorporated with regular physiotherapy intervention.
Microbial HemG‐type protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase enzymes for biotechnology applications in plant herbicide tolerance traits
Authors: Larue Clayton T , Ream Joel E , Zhou Xuefeng , Moshiri Farhard , Howe Arlene , Goley Michael , Sparks Oscar C , Voss Steven T , Hall Erin , Ellis Christine , Weihe Janice , Qi Qungang , Ribeiro Daniela , Wei Xiaoping , Guo Shirley , Evdokimov Artem G , Varagona Marguerite J , Roberts James K 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDProtoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPO)‐inhibiting herbicides act by inhibiting a key enzyme in the heme and chlorophyll biosynthetic pathways in plants. This enzyme, the PPO enzyme, is conserved across plant species. However, some microbes are known to utilize a unique family of PPO enzymes, the HemG family. This enzyme family carries out the same enzymatic step as the plant PPO enzymes, but does not share sequence homology with the plant PPO enzymes.RESULTSBioinformatic analysis was used to identify putative HemG PPO enzyme variants from microbial sources. A subset of these variants was cloned and characterized. HemG PPO variants were characterized for functionality and tolerance to PPO‐inhibiting herbicides. HemG PPO variants that exhibited insensitivity to PPO‐inhibiting herbicides were identified for further characterization. Expression of selected variants in maize, soybean, cotton and canola resulted in plants that displayed tolerance to applications of PPO‐inhibiting herbicides.CONCLUSIONSelected microbial‐sourced HemG PPO enzyme variants present an opportunity for building new herbicide tolerance biotechnology traits. These traits provide tolerance to PPO‐inhibiting herbicides and, therefore, could provide additional tools for farmers to employ in their weed management systems. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Inverting the external‐potential‐to‐electron density map in systems of electrons by minimization of a least‐squares fit functional for analytic potentials
Authors: Pérez‐Jordá José M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn a system of electrons, there is a map connecting any external potential v with its electron density ρ
v. In this work, we describe a procedure for inverting this potential‐to‐density map, so that potentials (if any) corresponding to a target density
ρt can be obtained. We give the trial external potential
v
α, an analytic expression depending on a number of parameters
α = (α1, …) and then minimize the least‐squares integral ∫(ρ
α − ρt)2 dr by the conjugate gradient method, where
ρ
α is the density corresponding to
v
α. The implementation takes advantage of the analytic nature of
v
α. The procedure can be applied to any system and quantum chemistry model, and works both for ground and excited states, as well as for ensembles of states. The method is tested with some excited states of the particle‐in‐a‐box model, confirming the lack of a Hohenberg–Kohn theorem for excited states. It is also applied to the first singlet excited state of the helium atom, where, apart from the nucleus–electron attraction potential, some generalized external potentials are found.
Determination of synthetic cathinone α‐pyrrolidinovalero‐phenone and its metabolite in urine using solid‐phase extraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Cheng Kai‐Wen , Hsieh Chien‐Ming , Chen Huei‐Wen , Chi Pin‐Chieh , Yang Da‐Peng , Chan She‐Hung , Chen Ju‐Yu , Hwa Hsaio‐Lin , Fang Cheng‐Chung , Weng Te‐I , Chen Pai‐Shan 
Published: September 2019

RationaleThe presence of α‐pyrrolidinovalerophenone (α‐PVP) and its metabolites in urine is evidence of the administration of α‐PVP. A toxicological challenge is that the metabolites of α‐PVP exhibit amphoteric properties, which make them unsuitable for detection using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS). In the study reported, proper derivatization and sample extraction were essential for improving the sensitivity for GC/MS analysis.MethodsAn automated solid‐phase extraction (SPE) method has been developed and optimized. The derivatization efficiency was tested using longer reaction time and the addition of polar pyridine into a mixture of N,O‐bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) with 1% trimethylchlorosilane. Method validation, including linearity, limit of detection, precision, accuracy, and recovery, was evaluated using automatic SPE and GC/MS.ResultsThe results suggested that adding pyridine to BSTFA (1:1, v/v) significantly improved derivatization efficiency and precision. After optimization, the linear range was from 25 to 1000 ng mL−1 with R2 > 0.9950. The limit of detection was 5 ng mL−1 for α‐PVP and 25 ng mL−1 for OH‐α‐PVP. The recovery for SPE was over 88%. The inter‐day and intra‐day precisions were less than 15%. A forensic sample has been found containing α‐PVP (67.3 ng mL−1) and OH‐α‐PVP (560.2 ng mL−1).ConclusionsThis study is the first to validate an auto‐SPE‐GC/MS method for the quantification and qualification of α‐PVP and OH‐α‐PVP in urine. We have successfully improved the derivatization efficiency and developed a sensitive and semi‐automatic approach. This approach is desirable for the detection of synthetic cathinone at trace levels in biological samples.
Enhancement of robust performance for fuzzy parametric uncertain time‐delay systems using differential evolution algorithm
Authors: D. Srinivasa Rao , M. Siva Kumar , M. Ramalinga Raju 
Published: September 2019

SummaryThis paper proposes a systematic methodology for the enhancement of robust stability and performance of a fuzzy parametric uncertain time‐delay system. A fuzzy parametric uncertain time‐delay system is an example for a linear time‐invariant uncertain time‐delay system with fuzzy coefficients. By using the nearest approximation, these fuzzy coefficients are approximated into crisp sets called intervals to get an interval system. The proposed approach develops the necessary and sufficient stability conditions of interval polynomials for determining the robust stability. Then, by using these developed stability conditions, a set of inequalities in terms of controller parameters are obtained from the closed‐loop characteristic polynomial of fuzzy parametric uncertain time‐delay system. Finally, these inequalities are solved to obtain robust controller with the help of a differential evolution algorithm for an unstable fuzzy parametric uncertain time‐delay system. Consequently, a lead‐lag compensator is constructed based on the frequency domain approach to improve the performance of the fuzzy parametric uncertain time‐delay system. The proposed method has the advantage of less computational complexity and easy to implement on a digital computer. The viability of the proposed methodology is illustrated through a numerical example for its successful implementation. The efficacy of the proposed methodology is also evaluated against the available approach in the literature and the simulation results are successfully implemented for robust stability and performance of fuzzy parametric uncertain time‐delay systems.
Biodecolorization of Basic Blue 41 using EM based Composts: Isotherm and Kinetics
Authors: Pushpa T Bhagavathi , Josephraj Jegan , Saravanan Praveen , Ravindran Gokulan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe main goal of this research was to prepare composts from neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) leaves and water hyacinth plant for the remediation of Basic Blue 41 (BB41) bearing wastewaters. The process of composting was performed using Effective Microorganisms (EM) for neem tree leaves (EMLC) and water hyacinth waste (EMWHC). Through preliminary experiments, for biosorption of BB41, 1.18 mm and 2 g/L were identified as the optimum particle size and compost dosage, respectively. The pH edge experiments revealed that pH 8 as optimum for BB41 biosorption and the isotherm experiments indicated that EMLC and EMWHC can biosorb 456.8 and 158.0 mg/g, respectively, according to the Langmuir model. The isotherm data were further examined using the Freundlich, Sips, Toth and Redlich‐Peterson models, with the later produced high R2 values and good prediction. Biosorption of BB41 onto EMLC and EMWHC was rapid with 90% BB41 removal was achieved within first 90 and 120 min of contact, respectively. The biosorbed BB41 was effectively desorbed from EMLC and EMWHC using HCl, HNO3, H2SO4, NaOH and CaCl2 with desorption efficiencies greater than 94%. Both EMLC and EMWHC were also regenerated and re‐used for BB41 biosorption in three consecutive sorption‐desorption cycles.
Fabrication of a Zn(II)‐Based 2D Pillar Bilayer Metal‐Organic Framework for Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Dutta Basudeb , Pal Kunal , Jana Kuladip , Sinha Chittaranjan , Mir Mohammad Hedayetullah 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA Zn(II)‐based two‐dimensional (2D) pillar bilayer metal‐organic framework (MOF) [{Zn(aip)(4,4′‐bpy)0.5(MeOH)}⋅(H2O)]n (1), (H2aip=5‐aminoisophthalic acid and 4,4′‐bpy=4, 4′‐bipyridine) has been designed and structurally characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction (SCXRD) technique. Compound 1 exhibits considerable antibacterial activity upon Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), for which IC50 values have been obtained as 86.26±1.2 μg/ml and 95.96 ± 2.04 μg/ml respectively. Thus the fabricated MOF has the significant antibacterial property against pathogenic bacterial strains with significantly low IC50 values. Therefore, the compound 1 deserves to be a Bio‐MOF in the world of hybrid materials.
2,3‐Di(thiophen‐2‐yl)quinoxaline Amine Derivatives: Yellow‐Blue Fluorescent Materials for Applications in Organic Electronics
Authors: Mahadik Suraj S. , Chacko Sajeev , Kamble Rajesh M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this work, we have designed and synthesized new donor–acceptor (D–A) type, 2,3‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)quinoxaline based amine derivatives (2–10). These compounds contain diaryl/heterocyclic amine segment and quinoxaline core as an electron donor and acceptor respectively. The synthesized molecules were fully characterized by standard spectroscopic techniques. Absorption spectra of all compounds showed intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) transition in the range of 390 to 461 nm. Dyes emit in yellow–blue region with emission maxima within 465 to 566 nm on excitation at their respective ICT absorption maxima. Moreover, compound 2, 3 and 9 exhibit aggregation induced emission in THF:water system due to the formation of nanoaggregates. Electrochemical properties of 2–10 were studied by cyclic voltammetry. The HOMO and LUMO energy level were found in the range of –4.90 to –5.70 eV and –3.10 to –3.36 eV respectively, with an electrochemical band gap (Eg) from 1.72 to 2.48 eV. Molecules showed good thermal stability. Theoretical studies were also carried out by using DFT and TD–DFT calculation. Based on photophysical and electrochemical properties these derivatives could be used as solid state emitter and ambipolar charge transport materials in optoelectronic devices.