bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quietist Salafism in France
Authors: Adraoui Mohamed-Ali 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHow do purist Salafist communities frame the issue of politics? Unlike Islamists and Jihadists who are known to display a reluctance towards political engagement, purist Salafists—especially those who live within a non-Muslim-majority country such as France—highlight that Islam has little to do with classical political activism. Consequently, a major issue that needs to be examined is how purist Salafists reconcile their desires to shape the society, through a process of public involvement that stops short of institutional engagement. The key question that is addressed in this piece is: to what extent is the notion of militant apoliticism relevant to describe this specific methods of public engagement?
Sources of Bias in the Monthly CFSv2 Forecast Climatology
Authors: Tippett Michael K. , Trenary Laurie , DelSole Timothy , Pegion Kathleen , L’Heureux Michelle L. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractForecast climatologies are used to remove systematic errors from forecasts and to express forecasts as departures from normal. Forecast climatologies are computed from hindcasts by various averaging, smoothing, and interpolation procedures. Here the Climate Forecast System, version 2 (CFSv2), monthly forecast climatology provided by the NCEP Environmental Modeling Center (EMC) is shown to be biased in the sense of systematically differing from the hindcasts that are used to compute it. These biases, which are unexpected, are primarily due to fitting harmonics to hindcast data that have been organized in a particular format, which on careful inspection is seen to introduce discontinuities. Biases in the monthly near-surface temperature forecast climatology reach 2°C over North America for March targets and start times at the end of January. Biases in the monthly Niño-3.4 forecast climatology are also largest for start times near calendar-month boundaries. A further undesirable consequence of this fitting procedure is that the EMC forecast climatology varies discontinuously with lead time for fixed target month. Two alternative methods for computing the forecast climatology are proposed and illustrated. The proposed methods more accurately fit the hindcast data and provide a clearer representation of the CFSv2 model climate drift toward lower Niño-3.4 values for starts in March and April and toward higher Niño-3.4 values for starts in June, July, and August.
Fatigue Problems in Dacron Vascular Grafts
Authors: Biedermann H. , Flora G. 
Published: March 2018

In our own case as well as in nine others of pseudoaneurysm caused probably by material fatigue in Wesolowsky-Weavenit® bifurcation prostheses there is a striking similarity with regard to manufacturer, year of implantation and regional distribution. We discuss the causes and consequences of this late vascular-surgical complication.
Audit of healthcare professionals’ attitudes towards patients who self-harm and adherence to national guidance in a UK burns and plastic surgery department
Authors: Heyward-Chaplin Jessica , Shepherd Laura , Arya Reza , O’Boyle Ciaran P 
Published: March 2018

Background: Rates of self-harm injuries are considered to be increasing. The attitudes of healthcare staff towards patients who self-harm may be negative and a small amount of research specifically investigating burns and plastic surgery healthcare professionals has recently been conducted exploring this issue. This study aimed to determine attitudes towards and adherence to national guidance by healthcare professionals in a UK burns and plastic surgery department with respect to patients who self-harm. Method: An audit questionnaire, completed in a designated Burns Unit and plastic surgery department, within a UK hospital with a major trauma centre. Results: Data were obtained from 59 healthcare professionals. The majority of responders held positive attitudes towards those who had self-harmed. However, a significant minority held negative attitudes, stating that they found it difficult to be compassionate (10%; n = 6) and believing that patients usually self-harm to get attention (9%; n = 5). One-fifth (n = 12) agreed that, on a departmental level, conservative management (as opposed to surgery) was offered more frequently for self-harm injuries compared with accidental injuries, contrary to national guidance. Awareness of national guidance in relation to self-harm injuries was markedly lacking, in only 12% (n = 7/59) and the frequency of completing relevant training was low (34%, n = 20/59). Conclusion: Education among healthcare professionals is important, to ensure adherence to best practice. The findings of this study strongly suggest that many healthcare professionals do not know the current best practice. As a result, these highly vulnerable patients may be receiving sub-optimal care, with consequentially poor outcomes.
Impact of Socioeconomic Status on Pretreatment Weight Loss and Survival in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Lau Steven K.M. , Gannavarapu Bhavani S. , Carter Kristen , Gao Ang , Ahn Chul , Meyer Jeffrey J. , Sher David J. , Jatoi Aminah , Infante Rodney , Iyengar Puneeth 
Published: March 2018

Purpose: Socioeconomic status (SES) influences health care outcomes, but the influence of primary payer on cancer-associated wasting is unknown. We hypothesized that primary payer as an indicator of SES would influence pretreatment cancer-associated weight loss and treatment outcomes. Materials and Methods: Retrospective review of medical records identified 1,366 patients with non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) consecutively treated at a tertiary care health system between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2013. Insurance status was obtained from an institutional tumor registry. Cancer-associated weight loss was based on the validated international consensus definition of cachexia. Multivariable regression analyses were used to identify prognostic factors of pretreatment cancer-associated weight loss and survival. Results: The cohort included a representative group of patients with a median age at diagnosis of 64 years, 47% females, and 33% patients of nonwhite race. Pretreatment cancer-associated weight loss was present at the time of NSCLC diagnosis in 17%, 14%, 32%, and 38% of patients with stage I, II, III, and IV disease, respectively. Pretreatment cancer-associated weight loss was associated with increasing age at diagnosis, black race, single marital status, tobacco use, and disease stage. Compared with private insurance, Medicaid insurance (odds ratio, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.42 to 3.30) and lack of insurance (odds ratio, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.50 to 3.58) were associated with pretreatment cancer-associated weight loss. Among cachectic patients, comorbidity, histology, tumor grade, and disease stage were prognostic of survival on multivariable analysis; however, primary payer was not. Conclusion: Pretreatment cancer-associated weight loss is common in patients with NSCLC, and its presence is significantly associated with lower SES. However, among patients with pretreatment cancer-associated weight loss, SES was not predictive of survival. Early use of cancer cachexia–directed therapies may improve outcomes, and further study on the biologic mechanisms of cancer cachexia will provide novel therapeutic avenues.
Activity-Based Detection of Cannabinoids in Serum and Plasma Samples
Authors: Cannaert Annelies , Storme Jolien , Hess Cornelius , Auwärter Volker , Wille Sarah M R , Stove Christophe P 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Synthetic cannabinoids are the largest group of new psychoactive substances monitored by the European Monitoring Centre of Drugs and Drug Addiction. The rapid proliferation of novel analogs makes the detection of these new derivatives challenging and has initiated considerable interest in the development of so-called “untargeted” screening strategies to detect these compounds.

METHODS
We developed new, stable bioassays in which cannabinoid receptor activation by cannabinoids led to recruitment of truncated β-arrestin 2 (βarr2) to the cannabinoid receptors, resulting in functional complementation of a split luciferase, allowing readout via bioluminescence. Aliquots (500 μL) of authentic serum (n = 45) and plasma (n = 73) samples were used for simple liquid–liquid extraction with hexane:ethyl acetate (99:1 v/v). Following evaporation and reconstitution in 100 μL of Opti-MEM® I/methanol (50/50 v/v), 10 μL of these extracts was analyzed in the bioassays.

RESULTS
Truncation of βarr2 significantly (for both cannabinoid receptors; P = 0.0034 and 0.0427) improved the analytical sensitivity over the previously published bioassays applied on urine samples. The new bioassays detected cannabinoid receptor activation by authentic serum or plasma extracts, in which synthetic cannabinoids were present at low- or sub-nanogram per milliliter concentration or in which Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol was present at concentrations &gt;12 ng/mL. For synthetic cannabinoid detection, analytical sensitivity was 82%, with an analytical specificity of 100%.

CONCLUSIONS
The bioassays have the potential to serve as a first-line screening tool for (synthetic) cannabinoid activity in serum or plasma and may complement conventional analytical assays and/or precede analytical (mass spectrometry based) confirmation.
La discriminación por razón de la edad en el mercado laboral y el problema específicos de las nuevas profesiones tecnológicamente dependientes (2015)
Authors: Carvalho Ana Sofia De Magalhães e 
Published: March 2018

El artículo en cuestión se propone a analizar, a partir del foco jurídico, la situación de la discriminación por edad como factor impeditivo de acceso y/u permanencia en el mercado de trabajo. Internacionalmente considerase el factor etario como un componente discriminatorio en el mercado de trabajo, principalmente en lo que dice respeto a personas con edad más elevada que son excluidas y substituidas por personas más jóvenes. Por ello, serán examinados los acuerdos y convenciones internacionales, además de las legislaciones y medidas adoptadas por los Estados Unidos de América y Unión Europea – particularmente por Portugal – con el objetivo de erradicar dicha discriminación el ámbito laboral. Igualmente serán observadas las cuestiones referentes a las nuevas profesiones tecnológicamente dependientes y sus relaciones con la discriminación por edad y los elementos que dificultan el ingreso y permanencia de personas mayores de cuarenta y cinco años de edad en tales profesiones.
A rare form of congenital high airway obstruction syndrome and a literature review of ex utero intrapartum treatment
Authors: Sadek Seifeldin , Chun Hajoon 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Objective
This is a rare presentation of a fetus with a right mainstem bronchus occlusion leading to congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS).

Methods
A review of 15 articles reporting on the use of the ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) procedure.

Results
A total of 22 reported cases of CHAOS had undergone the EXIT procedure from 1994 to 2016. Seventy-seven percent of fetuses that underwent EXIT were alive at the last point of follow-up, but only 36% were alive without any sequelae.

Conclusion
CHAOS is a rare malformation, but after the development of EXIT, survival is a viable option. It is associated with other malformations, but its etiology is entirely unknown.
„Lueg!“ Das Appenzeller Käsegeheimnis – Ein Werbespot als Erzählung
Authors: Welke Tina 
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag analysiert einen narrativen Schweizer Werbespot1 dahingehend, wie sich in ihm Multimodalität entfaltet und erst das Zusammenspiel der beteiligten Darstellungsverfahren seine Sinn- und Deutungsmuster hervorbringt. Im Anschluss daran wird vorgestellt, wie sich diese Analyseschritte auf fremdsprachendidaktische Konzepte übertragen lassen, in denen medienbezogenes und kulturreflexives Lernen Teil der Sprachvermittlung sind.
Anterolateral Ligament (ALL) — Myth or Reality?
Authors: Roman Mihai , Russu Octav , Prejbeanu Radu , Todor Adrian , Predescu Vlad , Codorean Bogdan , Băţagă Tiberiu , Fleaca Radu 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Although the anterolateral ligament (ALL) was described a long time ago, recent research shows a lot of interest regarding this structure. There is a high variability concerning its anatomy, especially its capsular/extracapsular situation and insertion sites. There is also some controversy about its ligamentous structure. It seems that it has a biomechanical role in restricting anterior tibial translation and internal rotation. The ALL complex seems to have a clinical significance, and a relationship with the pivot shift has been described. Although there are promising results recently, the surgical techniques of ALL reconstruction, in addition to anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, have to be further investigated. A precise indication algorithm and patient selection criteria need to be established.
Prognosis of Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia Regarding the Presence FLT3 Gene Mutation – a Case Report
Authors: Bzduch Árpád , Benedek István , Bíró Szilárd , Sándor-Kéri Johanna , Lázár Erzsébet , Benedek István 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a cancerous disease affecting the myeloid line of the bone marrow cells. FLT3, also known as CD135, is a proto-oncogene, which, if mutated, leads to different types of cancer. The protein it encodes presents tyrosine-kinase activity, and its intratandem mutation, FLT3-ITD, leads to uncontrolled proliferation of myeloblasts and worse outcomes in AML patients. There are currently several pharmacological agents that can inhibit the effect of either the proteins with tyrosine-kinase activity or the mutated FLT3 gene. We present the case of a 68-year-old patient, smoker, with a history of arterial hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, presenting with headache unresponsive to antalgics, dyspnea after physical exertion, and epistaxis, with onset 2 months prior to his presentation. The patient was diagnosed with AML with positive FTL3 mutation for which conventional induction therapy was initiated. Within the next days, the patient presented several complications related to the disease itself or caused by the treatment, which eventually led to his death.
Watch and Wait – Actualities in the Treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Bíró Szilárd , Benedek István , Bzduch Árpád , Sándor-Kéri Johanna , Lázár Erzsébet , Benedek István 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
In Western countries, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is one of the most diagnosed leukemia types among elderly patients. CLL is described as an indolent lymphoproliferative disorder, characterized by the presence of a high number of small, mature B-cells in the peripheral blood smear, with a particular immunophenotype (CD5, CD19, CD23 positive and CD20 dim positive) and accumulation in the bone marrow and lymphoid tissue (e.g., lymph nodes, spleen). The experience of the past decades showed that CLL is clinically very heterogeneous; while some patients present a chronic clinical evolution, with a prolonged survival, in which the treatment can be delayed, others suffer from a more aggressive form, which must be treated early and is associated with many relapses. This observation led to several genomic studies that have mapped the genetic modifications involved in the disease conformations, including del(13q14), del(11q), or trisomy 12. On the other hand, certain genetic mutations such as del(17p13)–p53, NOTCH1 mutation, or ZAP70/CD38 increased expression are associated with worse clinical outcome. In order to apply the right treatment strategy, the RAI and BINET staging systems should be considered, which are based on clinical and laboratory assessment, on genetic mutations that may influence the resistance to chemotherapy, as well as the patient’s age and comorbidities. The aim of this manuscript was to present the therapeutic approaches of CLL, in order to attempt to answer the following question: to treat, or not to treat? This clinical update focuses on the managements of CLL patients in the 21st century.
Effect of pre-pregnancy body mass index on respiratory-related neonatal outcomes in women undergoing elective cesarean prior to 39 weeks
Authors: Vincent Sophie , Czuzoj-Shulman Nicholas , Spence Andrea R. , Abenhaim Haim A. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Objective
To examine the association between pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and neonatal respiratory-related outcomes among women who underwent an elective cesarean section (CS).

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)’s 2009–2013 period linked birth/infant death dataset. Women who had elective CSs at term were categorized by their pre-pregnancy BMI as normal, overweight, obese or morbidly obese. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for baseline characteristics, were calculated using multivariate logistic regression to estimate the neonatal risks in relation to maternal pre-pregnancy BMI.

Results
Our cohort consisted of 717,080 women, of whom 39.9% had normal BMI, 27.0% were overweight, 25.7% obese and 7.4% morbidly obese. A dose-dependent relationship between maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and assisted ventilation was seen. Furthermore, infants born to morbidly obese women were at significantly increased risk for assisted ventilation over 6 h (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.15–1.35) and admission to intensive care units (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.13–1.21). Infant mortality rates were 4.2/1000 births for normal weight women, and 5.5/1000 births among the morbidly obese group (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.25–1.64). Risk for adverse outcomes was increased with elective SC performed at earlier gestational age, and this effect was not modified by use of corticosteroids.

Conclusion
Overweight and obese women are at particularly greater risk of adverse newborn outcomes when elective CSs are done before 39 weeks. In these women, elective CSs should be delayed until 39 weeks, as corticosteroid use did not eliminate this association.
Nato Military Interventions In Kosovo, Libya, Afghanistan, And Their Impact On Relations With Russia After The Cold War
Authors: Rogulis Dovydas 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Abstract This thesis seeks to find out how NATO military interventions in Kosovo, Libya and Afghanistan have affected relations with Russia. In order to achieve the aim and hypothesis of the study, the critical geopolitical approach is chosen as a theoretical framework. A schematic critical geopolitics conceptualization of Gearóid Ó. Tuathail is used as the method of research. This thesis mostly pays attention to three essential parts of the critical geopolitics: “formal geopolitics” (analyses of think tanks, specialists, etc.), “practical geopolitics” (the decisions of policy makers, official statements, documents, strategies and speeches) and “popular geopolitics” (the discourse of the media and surveys). The combination of these three elements allows determining the certain NATO’s and Russian geopolitical discourses towards crises in Kosovo, Libya and Afghanistan. With regard to evidences of crises, NATO’s and Russian geopolitical discourses are assessed from very positive, positive, neutral, to negative and very negative. It provides an opportunity to see how both sides have acknowledged these crises and how in long terms NATO’s military interventions in Kosovo, Libya and Afghanistan have influenced relations with Russia in international order. Moreover, descriptive method, discourse analysis and a comparative approach are used to scrutinize Russian and NATO’s geopolitical discourses towards crises. The analyses of NATO’s and Russian geopolitical discourses show that the hypothesis different NATO and Russian geopolitical discourses towards crises in Kosovo, Libya and Afghanistan have affected reciprocal relations is correct. The crisis of Kosovo in 2008 marks the end of the Russian flexible policy towards NATO and marks a new beginning of a permanently hostile geopolitical discourse against NATO in Europe. NATO military interventions in Kosovo, Libya and Afghanistan have negatively affected relations with Russia mostly in Europe. Mutual cooperation and diplomatic disputes towards crises in Libya and Afghanistan are minor in comparison with the NATO-Russian relations in the European continent. Consequently, Russia concentrates most of its attention to the geopolitical tradition towards Europe.
Fear Without Rationality: Emotions in Lithuanian Foreign Policy
Authors: Brunalas Benas 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The paper reflects on the conception of the phenomenon of fear employed in the international relations theory. A critique of understanding of fear as a rational incentive of conventional international relations theories paves the way for the notion of fear as an emotion. It is argued that the behaviour of states in international politics should be explained via their psychological and emotional aspects. The paper proposes to connect the arising of and experiencing fear with collective memory and the imagery entrenched in nations’ subconscious. It also proposes to distinguish the two levels of arising of and experiencing the emotion of fear, namely the attempt to consciously arouse fear and its nonconscious experience. On the first level, mnemonic-emotive agents consciously activate collective emotions via the nation’s collective memory. On the second, once the contents/imagery of the society’s subconscious are activated, the aroused emotions are nonconsciously experienced by the society. The paper offers a case study from the Lithuanian foreign policy: its relations with Russia. Discourse analysis of Lithuania-Russia relations, where President Dalia Grybauskaitė plays an active and important role in discourse formation, suggests that the formation of Lithuanian foreign policy, with regard to Russia, is affected by the emotion of fear.
What is “the Middle East”? American think tank experts on construction of the region
Authors: Bardauskaite Danguole 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The aim of this research is to answer the question how the American think tank experts on the Middle East and US foreign policy towards the Middle East perceive the region and its construction, with a particular focus on the process of Othering. In order to achieve this aim, the article presents the theoretical explanations of the Othering. In the empirical part, the results of semi-structured interviews with the experts are analyzed and presented. The interviews revealed three angles of how the Middle East is perceived. These angles are the geographical location of the Middle East, the securitization of the Middle East and the universal superiority of the United States. The main finding of the research is that the perception of the Middle East is connected with the self perception or the question of “What is the United States of America?”
Ist Gott in einer sozio-ökonomischen Welt für einen Naturwissenschaftler denkbar?
Authors: Eylert Bernd 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag enthält einige Neuerungen in der wissenschaftlichen Auseinandersetzung zwischen naturwissenschaftlicher Erkenntnis, philosophischem Anspruch und mathematischen Möglichkeiten des Existenzbeweises einer gottähnlichen Entität (Gödel: God-like being). Nach ausführlicher Diskussion des Ausbleibens der Notwendigkeit einer göttlichen Existenz in der Evolution und des parallel dazu entstehenden Bedürfnisses der Soziologien nach Transzendenz werden die Begriffe Materie, Geist und Denken von verschiedenen philosophischen Ansätzen her beleuchtet, um dann in einem mathematischen Konstrukt einen Gottesgedanken zu formulieren. Aufbauend auf dem Gödel’schen Gottesbeweis von 1970, veröffentlicht 1987 und bewiesen 2013, wird eine weitere Eigenschaft dieser Entität, nämlich die Unendlich-Dimensionalität, mit Hilfe der Topologie gezeigt. Der mathematische Beweis ist in den Wissenschaftlichen Beiträgen 2017 der Technischen Hochschule Wildau veröffentlicht worden.