bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mesoscale Convection Structures Associated With Airglow Patches Characterized Using Cluster‐Imager Conjunctions
Authors: Goodwin L. V. , Nishimura Y. , Zou Y. , Shiokawa K. , Jayachandran P. T. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPolar cap ionospheric plasma flow studies often focus on large‐scale averaged properties and neglect the mesoscale component. However, recent studies have shown that mesoscale flows are often found to be collocated with airglow patches. These mesoscale flows are typically a few hundred meters per second faster than the large‐scale background and are associated with major auroral intensifications when they reach the poleward boundary of the nightside auroral oval. Patches often also contain ionospheric signatures of enhanced field‐aligned currents and localized electron flux enhancements, indicating that patches are associated with magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling on open field lines. However, magnetospheric measurements of this coupling are lacking, and it has not been understood what the magnetospheric signatures of patches on open field lines are. The work presented here explores the magnetospheric counterpart of patches and the role these structures have in plasma transport across the open field‐line region in the magnetosphere. Using red‐line emission measurements from the Resolute Bay Optical Mesosphere Thermosphere Imager, and magnetospheric measurements made by the Cluster spacecraft, conjugate events from 2005 to 2009 show that lobe measurements on field lines connected to patches display (1) electric field enhancements, (2) Region 1 sense field‐aligned currents, (3) field‐aligned enhancements in soft electron flux, (4) downward Poynting fluxes, and (5) in some cases enhancements in ion flux, including ion outflows. These observations indicate that patches highlight a localized fast flow channel system that is driven by the magnetosphere and propagates from the dayside to the nightside, most likely being initiated by enhanced localized dayside reconnection.
Implications of Reactions Between SO2 and Basaltic Glasses for the Mineralogy of Planetary Crusts
Authors: Renggli Christian J. , Palm Andrew B. , King Penelope L. , Guagliardo Paul 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBasalts are ubiquitous in volcanic systems on several planetary bodies, including the Earth, Mars, Venus, and Jupiter's moon Io, and are commonly associated with sulfur dioxide (SO2) degassing. We present the results of an experimental study of reactions between SO2 and basaltic glasses. We examined Fe‐free basalt, and Fe‐bearing tholeiitic and alkali basalts with a range of Fe3+/Fetotal (0.05 to 0.79) that encompass the oxygen fugacities proposed for most terrestrial planetary bodies. Tholeiitic and alkali basalts were exposed to SO2 at 600, 700, and 800 °C for 1 hr and 24 hr. Surface coatings formed on the reacted basalts; these contain CaSO4, MgSO4, Na2SO4, Na2Ca(SO4)2, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, Fe‐Ti‐(Al)‐oxides, and TiO2. Additionally, the SO2‐basalt reaction drives nucleation of crystalline phases in the substrate to form pyroxenes and possible Fe‐oxides. A silica‐rich layer forms between the substrate and sulfate coatings. More oxidized basalts may readily react with SO2 to form coatings dominated by large Ca‐sulfate and oxide grains. On less oxidized basalts (NNO−1.5 to NNO−5), reactions with SO2 will form thin, fine‐grained aggregates of sulfates; such materials are less readily detected by spectroscopy and spectrometry techniques. In contrast, in very reduced basalts (lower than NNO−5), typical of the Moon and Mercury, SO2 is typically a negligible component in the magmatic gas, and sulfides are more likely.
Major Ice Sheet Change in the Weddell Sea Sector of West Antarctica Over the Last 5,000 Years
Authors: Siegert Martin J. , Kingslake Jonathan , Ross Neil , Whitehouse Pippa L. , Woodward John , Jamieson Stewart S. R. , Bentley Michael J. , Winter Kate , Wearing Martin , Hein Andrew S. , Jeofry Hafeez , Sugden David E. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractUntil recently, little was known about the Weddell Sea sector of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. In the last 10 years, a variety of expeditions and numerical modelling experiments have improved knowledge of its glaciology, glacial geology and tectonic setting. Two of the sector's largest ice streams rest on a steep reverse‐sloping bed yet, despite being vulnerable to change, satellite observations show contemporary stability. There is clear evidence for major ice sheet reconfiguration in the last few thousand years, however. Knowing precisely how and when the ice sheet has changed in the past would allow us to better understand whether it is now at risk. Two competing hypotheses have been established for this glacial history. In one, the ice sheet retreated and thinned progressively from its Last Glacial Maximum position. Retreat stopped at, or very near, the present position in the Late Holocene. Alternatively, in the Late Holocene, the ice sheet retreated significantly upstream of its present grounding line and then advanced to today's location due to glacial isostatic adjustment and ice shelf and ice rise buttressing. Both hypotheses point to data and theory in their support yet neither has been unequivocally tested or falsified. Here we review geophysical evidence to determine how each hypothesis has been formed, where there are inconsistencies in the respective glacial histories, how they may be tested or reconciled, and what new evidence is required to reach a common model for the Late Holocene ice sheet history of the Weddell Sea sector of West Antarctica.
The Ordovician Grampian Orogeny, Western Ireland: Obduction Versus “Bulldozing” During Arc‐Continent Collision
Authors: Ryan P. D. , Dewey J. F. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe Grampian Orogeny of western Ireland was formed during the mid‐Ordovician Grampian‐Taconic collision between a 5,600‐km system of oceanic arcs and the Laurentian margin. It is remarkable in that it preserves a complete sedimentary record of the arc‐continent collision process in the South Mayo Trough, which can be linked with deformation and metamorphism in the Dalradian sediments of the Laurentian margin and with the geochemical evolution of the colliding arc. The 1,650‐km‐long northern section of the Grampian‐Taconic allochthon records obduction of ophiolites, forearc, and arc during this event. We review factors that control the tectonic evolution of arc‐continent collision orogens and argue such obduction requires a ridge to intersect the arc and forearc a short period (probably ~10 my) before collision with a hyperextended, thermally mature margin. We propose that where such circumstances do not exist, the arc can either thrust over or “bulldoze” the margin. In the case of thrusting, the suture would dip moderately, and arc activity may continue during collision. A bulldozing arc produces a steep suture, and deformation is concentrated in the margin. Short‐lived Barrovian‐style metamorphism in the sediments of the margin is more likely when obduction occurs.
Eribulin rapidly inhibits TGF-β-induced Snail expression and can induce Slug expression in a Smad4-dependent manner
Authors: Kaul Roma , Risinger April L. , Mooberry Susan L. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background
Evidence shows that the anticancer effects of microtubule targeting agents are not due solely to their antimitotic activities but also their ability to impair microtubule-dependent oncogenic signalling.

Methods
The effects of microtubule targeting agents on regulators of TGF-β-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were evaluated in breast cancer cell lines using high content imaging, gene and protein expression, siRNA-mediated knockdown and chromatin immunoprecipitation.

Results
Microtubule targeting agents rapidly and differentially alter the expression of Snail and Slug, key EMT-promoting transcription factors in breast cancer. Eribulin, vinorelbine and in some cases, ixabepalone, but not paclitaxel, inhibited TGF-β-mediated Snail expression by impairing the microtubule-dependent nuclear localisation of Smad2/3. In contrast, eribulin and vinorelbine promoted a TGF-β-independent increase in Slug in cells with low Smad4. Mechanistically, microtubule depolymerisation induces c-Jun, which consequently increases Slug expression in cells with low Smad4.

Conclusion
These results identify a mechanism by which eribulin-mediated microtubule disruption could reverse EMT in preclinical models and in patients. Furthermore, high Smad4 levels could serve as a biomarker of this response. This study highlights that microtubule targeting drugs can exert distinct effects on the expression of EMT-regulating transcription factors and that identifying differences among these drugs could lead to their more rational use.
C-SH2 point mutation converts p85β regulatory subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase to an anti-aging gene
Authors: Kano Yoshio , Hiragami Fukumi , Motoda Hirotoshi , Akiyama Junichi , Koike Yoshihisa , Gomita Yutaka , Inoue Shigeki , Kawaura Akihiko , Furuta Tomohisa , Kawamura Kenji 
Published: September 2019

AbstractInsulin interacts with the insulin receptor, and the activated receptor promotes activity of the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) enzyme. A decrease in insulin or insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling increases the lifespan in mammalian species. We found that a point mutation in the C-SH2 domain of the p85β regulatory subunit of PI3K results in a prolonged lifespan. In p85β mutant cells, nerve growth factor (NGF) activates the longevity protein FOXO, and the mutant p85β gene produces strong resistance to oxidative stress, which contributes to aging. The p85β gene mutation causes increased serum insulin and low blood glucose in p85β mutant transgenic mice. Our results indicate that the p85β mutant allele alters the activity of downstream targets of PI3K by NGF and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) but not by insulin. We report that a point mutation in the C-SH2 domain of p85β transforms p85β into a novel anti-aging gene by abnormally regulating PI3K.
Antimicrobial action of autologous platelet-rich plasma on MRSA-infected skin wounds in dogs
Authors: Farghali Haithem A. , AbdElKader Naglaa A. , AbuBakr Huda O. , Aljuaydi Samira H. , Khattab Marwa S. , Elhelw Rehab , Elhariri Mahmoud 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEffective antimicrobial preparations, other than antibiotics, are important for the treatment of potentially fatal drug-resistant infections. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the leading causes of hospital-acquired and post- operative infections. Fortunately, the antimicrobial properties of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) against various microorganisms enable its potential use as an alternative to conventional antibiotics. The present work was designed to evaluate the hypothesized antimicrobial activity of PRP against MRSA infected skin wounds. Six adult male dogs were divided equally into control and PRP groups. Unilateral circular full-thickness skin wounds were created then a MRSA suspension was injected locally. Treatment started at 1st week post infection with subcutaneous infiltration of autologous activated PRP every week in the PRP group and with topical application of clindamycin cream twice daily in the control group. PRP decreased wound size and significantly increased wound contractility and re-epithelization, as confirmed by histopathological and immunohistochemical findings. Also PRP treated group showed significant decrease in ROS and redox imbalance with over expression of the TNF-α and VEGFA genes that indicate angiogenesis and maximum antibacterial activity after three weeks. In conclusion, CaCl2-activated PRP exhibited antimicrobial activity against MRSA infection, which improved the infected wound healing re-epithelization and granulation tissue formation.
The pathohistological subtype strongly predicts survival in patients with ampullary carcinoma
Authors: Zimmermann Carolin , Wolk Steffen , Aust Daniela E. , Meier Frieder , Saeger Hans-Detlev , Ehehalt Florian , Weitz Jürgen , Welsch Thilo , Distler Marius 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAmpullary cancer represents approximately 6% of the malignant periampullary tumors. An early occurrence of symptoms leads to a 5-year survival rate after curative surgery of 30 to 67%. In addition to the tumor stage, the immunohistological subtypes appear to be important for postoperative prognosis. The aim of this study was to analyze the different subtypes regarding their prognostic relevance. A total of 170 patients with ampullary cancer were retrospectively analyzed between 1999 until 2016 after pancreatic resection. Patients were grouped according to their pathohistological subtype of ampullary cancer (pancreatobiliary, intestinal, mixed). Characteristics among the groups were analyzed using univariate and multivariate models. Survival probability was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method. An exact subtyping was possible in 119 patients. A pancreatobiliary subtype was diagnosed in 69 patients (58%), intestinal in 41 patients (34.5%), and a mixed subtype in 9 patients (7.6%). Survival analysis showed a significantly worse 5-year survival rate for the pancreatobiliary subtype compared with the intestinal subtype (27.5% versus 61%, p < 0.001). The mean overall survival of patients with pancreatobiliary, intestinal, and mixed subtype was 52.5, 115 and 94.7 months, respectively (p < 0.001). The pathohistological subtypes of ampullary cancer allows a prediction of the postoperative prognosis.
Photon-noise-limited cold-electron bolometer based on strong electron self-cooling for high-performance cosmology missions
Authors: Kuzmin L. S. , Pankratov A. L. , Gordeeva A. V. , Zbrozhek V. O. , Shamporov V. A. , Revin L. S. , Blagodatkin A. V. , Masi S. , de Bernardis P. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBolometers for balloon and space missions have seen extensive development because of their capacity to test primordial conditions of the Universe. The major improvements consist in lowering the operating temperature to reach higher sensitivities. Here we show that an array of 192 cold-electron bolometers (CEB) demonstrates photon-noise-limited operation at the cryostat temperature of 310 mK due to effective self-cooling of the absorber. The direct electron cooling of nanoabsorber placed between normal metal - insulator - superconductor junctions has considerably higher efficiency than indirect cooling through massive suspended platform, that requires overcoming a weak electron-phonon conductance. The electron temperature reached 120 mK without a power load, and 225 mK with a 60 pW power load with self-noise of a single bolometer below $$3\cdot 1{0}^{-18}\ {\rm{W}}\ {{\rm{Hz}}}^{-1/2}$$3⋅10−18WHz−1∕2 at a 0.01 pW power load. This bolometer works at electron temperature less than phonon temperature, thus being a good candidate for future space missions without the use of dilution refrigerators.
Long non-coding RNA-NEAT1, a sponge for miR-98-5p, promotes expression of oncogene HMGA2 in prostate cancer
Authors: Guo Zhuifeng , He Chang , Yang Fan , Qin Liang , Lu Xuwei , Wu Jiawen 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Increasing evidence demonstrated that noncoding RNAs (lncRNA, miRNA) play important roles in the cancer development. LncRNA NEAT1 functions as an oncogene in many cancers. However, the roles of NEAT1 in prostate cancer (PCa) remain largely unknown. In the present study, we aim to explore the molecular mechanism of NEAT1 in the development of PCa. We detected the expression levels of NEAT1 in a total of 16 benign prostatic hyperplasia tissues (BPH), 30 matched adjacent healthy control (HC) tissues and 30 PCa tissues, as well as PCa cell lines PC-3, DU-145, LNCaP and normal prostate epithelial cell line RWPE-1. The results showed that NEAT1 was significantly up-regulated in PCa tissues and PCa cell lines. Knockdown of NEAT1 can largely inhibit DU-145 and PC-3 cell growth and invasion. Bioinformatics analysis predicted NEAT1 has the binding site of miR-98-5p which can bind to the 3′UTR of HMGA2. And the expression level of NEAT1 has a positive correlation with HMAG2, while negative correlation with miR-98-5p in PCa cells. In addition, luciference assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay confirmed that NEAT1 can function as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) by sponging miR-98-5p to active HMGA2. Moreover, silencing of HMGA2 can decrease the proliferation ability of PCa cells. Taken together, NEAT1/miR-98-5p/HMGA2 pathway is involved in the development and progression of PCa. NEAT1 could be recommended as a prognostic biomarker and inhibition of NEAT1 expression may be a promising strategy for PCa therapy.
An N-of-1 Randomized Controlled Trial of Interventions for Children With Inconsistent Speech Sound Errors
Authors: Rvachew Susan , Matthews Tanya 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that children with inconsistent speech errors would respond differentially to 1 of 3 specific interventions depending on their primary underlying impairment: Children with deficient motor planning were expected to respond best to an auditory–motor integration (AMI) intervention, and children with deficient phonological planning were expected to respond best to a phonological memory and planning (PMP) intervention.

Method

Twelve participants were diagnosed with a motor planning (
n
= 7) or phonological planning (
n
= 5) deficit based on a comprehensive assessment, which included the Syllable Repetition Task as an important source of diagnostic evidence. An N-of-1 randomized controlled trial was used. Each child experienced all 3 interventions: AMI, PMP, and control (CTL); however, these interventions were randomly allocated to sessions within weeks (3 sessions per week × 6 weeks for 18 sessions). The AMI intervention procedures targeted knowledge of the acoustic–phonetic target and integration of auditory and somatosensory feedback during speech practice. The PMP intervention procedures targeted segmenting and recompiling the phonological plan for each word. The CTL intervention was standard drill practice. The child was taught 5 pseudowords in a meaningful context in each intervention condition.

Results

Same-day (SD) probes assessed transfer from taught pseudowords to untaught real words, and next-day (ND) probes assessed retention of that learning. Nonparametric resampling tests with pooling of
p
values across children with the same diagnosis were used to assess the results. Pooled
p
values indicated a significant benefit of AMI over PMP for the group with a motor planning deficit (
p
= 2.01E-04 for SD probes and 2.97E-03 for ND probes) and a significant benefit of PMP over AMI for the group with a phonological planning deficit (
p
= 1.22E-02 for SD probes and 1.32E-02 for ND probes). Response to the CTL intervention was variable within groups.

Conclusion
In this study, the child's underlying psycholinguistic deficit helped to predict response to intervention.
Motor Performance in Children With Childhood Apraxia of Speech and Speech Sound Disorders
Authors: Iuzzini-Seigel Jenya 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
This study sought to determine if (a) children with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS), other speech sound disorders (SSDs), and typical development (TD) would perform differently on a standardized motor assessment and (b) whether comorbid language impairment would impact group differences.

Method

Speech, language, and motor abilities were assessed in children with CAS (
n
= 10), SSD (
n
= 16), and TD (
n
= 14) between the ages of 43 and 105 months. Motor skills were evaluated using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children–Second Edition (
Henderson, Sugden, & Barnett, 2007
), a behavioral assessment that is sensitive in identifying fine/gross motor impairments in children with a range of motor and learning abilities. Data were reanalyzed after reclassifying children by language ability.

Results
The CAS group performed below the normal limit on all components of the motor assessment and more poorly than the TD and SSD groups on Aiming and Catching and Balance. When children were reclassified by language ability, the comorbid CAS + language impairment group performed worse than the SSD-only and TD groups on Manual Dexterity and Balance and worse than the TD group on Aiming and Catching; all 7 children with CAS + language impairment evidenced performance in the disordered range compared to 1 of 3 children in the CAS-only group and 2 of 6 children in the SSD + language impairment group.

Conclusions
Children with CAS + language impairment appear to be at an increased risk for motor impairments, which may negatively impact social, academic, and vocational outcomes; referrals for motor screenings/assessments should be considered. Findings may suggest a higher order deficit that mediates cognitive–linguistic and motor impairments in this population.
Moving target detection on an iron‐bridge using phase analysis for automotive FMCW radar
Authors: Kim Daehyun , Lee Jingu , Jeong Seonghee , Kim Younglok 
Published: September 2019

When driving on an iron‐bridge, stationary iron‐clutters cause disturbances in the detection of a moving target in an automotive radar system. In this Letter, the authors propose a moving target detection method that utilises phase similarity of the spatial domain on an iron‐bridge. To analyse the spatial domain via the array antenna signal of the up‐ and down‐chirp beat‐frequencies, the frequency‐modulated continuous wave (FMCW)‐phased array radar signal was used. It is possible to match the up‐ and down‐chirp beat‐frequencies of each object, moving target, and stationary iron‐clutters, by using the proposed method. Not only the moving target but also the ego‐vehicle and moving target velocity are detected through this matching. The suitability of the proposed method is verified by on‐road measurement data using a 77 GHz FMCW‐phased array radar.