bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the long‐term cost‐effectiveness of once‐weekly semaglutide versus dulaglutide for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the UK
Authors: Viljoen Adie , Hoxer Christina S. , Johansen Pierre , Malkin Samuel , Hunt Barnaby , Bain Stephen C. 
Published: October 2018

AimsGlucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptor agonists are appealing as glucose‐lowering therapy for individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as they also reduce body weight and are associated with low rates of hypoglycaemia. This analysis assessed the long‐term cost‐effectiveness of semaglutide 0.5 and 1 mg vs dulaglutide 1.5 mg (two once‐weekly GLP‐1 receptor agonists) from a UK healthcare payer perspective, based on the head‐to‐head SUSTAIN 7 trial, to inform healthcare decision making.Materials and MethodsLong‐term outcomes were projected using the IQVIA CORE Diabetes Model (version 9.0). Baseline cohort characteristics, changes in physiological parameters and adverse event rates were derived from the 40‐week SUSTAIN 7 trial. Costs to a healthcare payer were assessed, and these captured pharmacy costs and costs of complications. Utilities were taken from published sources.ResultsOnce‐weekly semaglutide 0.5 and 1 mg were associated with improvements in quality‐adjusted life expectancy of 0.04 and 0.10 quality‐adjusted life years, respectively, compared with dulaglutide 1.5 mg. Clinical benefits were achieved at reduced costs, with lifetime cost savings of GBP 35 with once‐weekly semaglutide 0.5 mg and GBP 106 with the once‐weekly semaglutide 1 mg, resulting from fewer diabetes‐related complications due to better glycaemic control. Therefore, both doses of once‐weekly semaglutide were considered dominant vs dulaglutide 1.5 mg (improving outcomes and reducing costs).ConclusionsCompared with treatment with dulaglutide, once‐weekly semaglutide represents a cost‐effective option for treating individuals in the UK with T2DM who are not achieving glycaemic control with metformin, projected to both improve clinical outcomes and reduce costs.
Teneligliptin versus sitagliptin in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin and glimepiride: A randomized, double‐blind, non‐inferiority trial
Authors: Kim Yonghyun , Kang Eun Seok , Jang Hak Chul , Kim Dong Jun , Oh Taekeun , Kim Eun Sook , Kim Nan‐Hee , Choi Kyung Mook , Kim Sung‐Rae , You JiYoung , Kim Se‐Jin , Lee Moon‐Kyu 
Published: October 2018

AimTo assess the efficacy and safety of add‐on therapy with the dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor teneligliptin compared with sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) inadequately controlled with metformin and glimepiride.Materials and MethodsThis was a phase 3, randomized, double‐blind, non‐inferiority study of adult Korean subjects with T2DM (n = 201), with HbA1c ranging from 7.0% to 11.0%, on stable doses of metformin plus glimepiride. Subjects were randomized in a 1:1 fashion to receive either oral teneligliptin 20 mg or sitagliptin 100 mg for 24 weeks. The primary endpoint was change from baseline in HbA1c.ResultsAt baseline, mean age was 60.56 ± 9.41 years, body mass index was 25.23 ± 2.85 kg/m2 and HbA1c was 8.11% ± 0.79%. At 24 weeks, both groups achieved significant reductions from baseline in HbA1c (teneligliptin, −1.03% ± 0.10% [P < 0.0001]; sitagliptin, −1.02% ± 0.10% [P < 0.0001]). The inter‐group difference was −0.01% (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.28, 0.26; P = 0.9497); the upper limit of the 95% CI was within the preset limit for non‐inferiority (0.4%). There were no significant differences between groups in the proportion of patients achieving HbA1c targets, or changes from baseline in fasting plasma glucose, body weight or lipid levels at 24 weeks. Rates of adverse events (teneligliptin, n = 63 [61.76%]; sitagliptin, n = 61 [62.24%]; P = 0.9442) and hypoglycaemia (teneligliptin, n = 32 [31.37%]; sitagliptin, n = 28 [28.57%]; P = 0.6656) were similar.ConclusionTeneligliptin was non‐inferior to sitagliptin in the context of triple therapy for T2DM and is an important option in this setting.
Pharmacokinetics of clobazam oral soluble film
Authors: Heller Allen H. , Wargacki Stephen , Jung Cassie , Buan Carla V. , Wyatt David J. , Schobel A. Mark 
Published: October 2018

SummaryObjectiveClobazam oral soluble film (COSF) is a novel dosage form under development for the adjunctive treatment of seizures associated with Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome. The present study was undertaken to assess the pharmacokinetics of clobazam administered as single doses of COSF 20 and 10 mg compared with clobazam tablets (CTAB) 20 and 10 mg in healthy adults. A secondary objective was to assess the safety and tolerability of single doses of COSF 20 and 10 mg.MethodsA total of 51 adult volunteers were enrolled in a single‐dose, open‐label, randomized four‐sequence, four‐period, crossover study with treatments (A) COSF 20 mg, (B) CTAB 20 mg, (C) COSF 10 mg, and (D) CTAB 10 mg. Pharmacokinetic sampling for clobazam and N‐desmethylclobazam was carried out until 21 days postdose with a 28‐day washout. Subjects were monitored for adverse events (AEs) throughout the study. Visual inspections of the administration site were performed before and after COSF administration to monitor for mucosal irritation.ResultsCOSF at single doses of 10 and 20 mg was bioequivalent to CTAB at equivalent doses for both clobazam and its active metabolite N‐desmethylclobazam. The pharmacokinetics of both formulations was dose‐proportional at doses of 10 and 20 mg. The number of AEs and the number of subjects experiencing AEs were dose‐related across the treatment groups, with somnolence the most common event. None of these events was severe or serious, and most were mild. There was no evidence for local irritation at the administration site following COSF.SignificanceCOSF is a novel clobazam dosage form that is bioequivalent to CTAB. Because of its ease of administration, COSF may be expected to improve adherence, reduce likelihood of dosing error, and provide more accurate dosing than formulations of clobazam that are currently available.
Use of fibrin sealant in a horse with an intratracheal dorsal laceration
Authors: Coco L. , Dahmen K. , Bach N. , Fischer H. , Albanese V. , Dylewski L. , Muñoz E. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryDorsal intratracheal laceration was diagnosed in a horse with severe subcutaneous emphysema. Due to the size of the defect and the severity of the symptoms, different methods were attempted to close the laceration. The use of a fibrin sealant is described together with a discussion about other potential treatments and options for this rare condition in the horse.
Evaluation of dynamic testing for pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction diagnosis in donkeys
Authors: Mejia‐Pereira S. , Perez‐Ecija A. , Buchanan B. R. , Toribio R. E. , Mendoza F. J. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryBackgroundEndocrine disorders are common in donkeys. Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) is thought to be a frequent disturbance in donkeys due to their longevity. However, information on PPID dynamic testing in donkeys is lacking.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to evaluate the previously described guidelines for PPID diagnosis in horses in donkeys with suspicion of PPID.Study designProspective experimental study.MethodsEighty donkeys were evaluated for PPID suspicion based on clinical signs and baseline adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) concentrations. Six mix‐breed donkeys (one jack and five non‐pregnant jennies) fulfilling inclusion criteria were subjected to dexamethasone suppression test (DST), thyrotropin‐releasing hormone stimulation test (TRH) and combined DST–TRH challenge. Tests were interpreted according to guidelines for PPID diagnosis in horses.ResultsDonkeys fulfilling inclusion criteria were diagnosed with PPID by TRH stimulation test (six of six). Both DST (three of six) and DST–TRH (4/6) challenges failed to detect those animals and showed conflicting results. Similarly, cortisol basal concentrations were not consistent with PPID suspicion.Main limitationsCharacterisation of seasonal and geographical location effect on baseline ACTH concentrations and response to TRH is compelling in this species. Further studies with a larger number of donkeys are needed.ConclusionsThis is the first study in donkeys to evaluate common dynamic tests used for PPID diagnosis in horses. Preliminary results agree with the guidelines for PPID diagnosis in horses and baseline ACTH measurement followed by TRH challenge are recommended tests for diagnosis of PPID in donkeys.
Itching, chloroquine, and malaria: a review of recent molecular and neuroscience advances and their contribution to mechanistic understanding and therapeutics of chronic non‐histaminergic pruritus
Authors: Ajayi Adesuyi A. L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractChloroquine (CQ) is an antimalarial drug that elicits severe pruritus in black Africans with malaria fever. This acute itching (2–7 days duration) exhibits age dependency and a racial and genetic predilection. CQ itch is non‐histaminergic, which makes it both a good model and a tool to probe the mechanisms of chronic itch. This review focuses on recently discovered mechanisms, neuroscience, mediators, and receptors that are implicated in molecular studies of CQ pruritus. CQ pruritus mechanisms are also compared to that of itching following other systemic diseases, such as chronic kidney disease, chronic liver disease, skin disorders, and burns. There are striking similarities between CQ itching pathways and other chronic itch secondary to systemic disease with or without skin lesions, which have not been previously highlighted. Prominent among these are the shared roles of skin, neural and spinal μ opiate receptors, kappa opiate receptor, nitric oxide, serotonin via 5HT1B/D receptors, cytokines, especially interleukins, and tumor necrosis factor. There is elaborate “cross talk” among the diverse mediators and receptors involved in CQ‐induced pruritus. CQ also binds to the mas‐related G protein coupled receptors MrgprA3/MrgprX1 present in a small proportion (4–5%) of dorsal root ganglion neurons and skin. The mrgprA3 CQ receptors are coupled to PLC‐β3 and a chloride channel to initiate skin itch action potentials in C nerve fibers. Mrgpra3/X1 couples to TRPA1 for calcium influx into neuronal cells at noncutaneous sites. Central CQ itch occurs via gastrin‐related peptide (GRP) and its receptor (GRPR) in the dorsal spinothalamic tracts, as well as glutamic mediated GRP projection to parabrachial nucleus. The possibility of chronic itch therapy based on personalized medicine, genetics, and transcriptomics or the use of itch “polypill/polycream” are discussed.
Plant oil bioconversion into increase biological activity through lipases derived from wastes
Authors: Francisco Valesca Cristiane Benelli , Okino‐Delgado Clarissa Hamaio , Zanutto Elgui Mirella R. , Fernandes Célio Junior da Costa , Facanali Roselaine , da Silva Rodrigo Augusto , Zambuzzi Willian Fernando , Marques Márcia Ortiz Mayo , Fleuri Luciana Francisco 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThe aim of this study was to show that abundant and inexpensive plant oils can be biotransformed to increase biological activity (antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity) through hydrolysis reaction catalysed by lipases. We tested homemade and commercial lipases through the biotransformation of nine different plant oils in forty different combinations. First, the chemical composition of the samples was investigated. Thereafter, biological tests were conducted to assess the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the sampled biotransformation products, as well as analyzed their influence on the viability of healthy and cancer cells. Summarising, sunflower, corn and olive oils modified by orange waste‐obtained lipases presented the most promising results, reaching up to 90% of antioxidant activity increase and significant growth inhibition of bacteria colonies belonging to genera Escherichia, Listeria, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas and Salmonella. In addition, those compounds affected human oral squamous carcinoma cells. The bioconversion of plant oils through lipases improves their biological properties and might be an option for biotechnological application.
A comparison of global coagulation assays between normal controls and patients with thrombocytopenia
Authors: Lim Hui Yin , Leung Patrick , Manitta Vanessa , Nandurkar Harshal , Ho Prahlad 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionSome patients with thrombocytopenia may be at risk of bleeding although quantitative platelet count is not always a sufficient predictive factor. Global coagulation assays such as thromboelastography (TEG®), calibrated automated thrombogram (CAT) and overall haemostatic potential (OHP) may provide a better assessment of an individual's haemostatic profile.MethodsBlood samples were collected from thrombocytopenic patients. TEG® was performed on citrated whole blood, while CAT and OHP were performed on platelet‐poor plasma. Results were compared to our previously collected normal controls.ResultsFifty‐eight participants (24 immune thrombocytopenia, 34 chemotherapy/malignancy‐related) with mean age of 57.5 years were recruited. Compared to normal controls, thrombocytopenic participants had comparable maximum amplitude but reduced clot lysis (0.0% vs 0.6%; P < 0.001) on TEG® with reduced endogenous thrombin potential on CAT (1252.2 vs 1353.0 nmol/L/min; P = 0.040). No differences were seen in the OHP parameters. TEG® showed significant difference between marked and mild thrombocytopenia groups with minimal differences seen on CAT and OHP. Those with marked thrombocytopenia showed reduced maximum amplitude (47.2 vs 57.8 mm; P = 0.002) as expected while participants with mild thrombocytopenia (platelet count 100‐150 × 109/L) paradoxically demonstrated increased maximum amplitude (66.4 vs 57.8 mm; P < 0.001).ConclusionGlobal coagulation assays, particularly TEG®, can detect subtle differences in coagulation in thrombocytopenic patients. While patients with marked thrombocytopenia showed reduced maximum amplitude, patients with mild thrombocytopenia appear to paradoxically show increased maximum amplitude, suggesting compensatory activity within the coagulation pathway which may in part explain why not all thrombocytopenic patients have bleeding complications.
Nitrogen response models for winter cereals grown for forage
Authors: Lyons Sarah E. , Tang Zhehan , Booth James , Ketterings Quirine M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractForage double cropping can increase production, reduce erosion risk and improve soil health. Farmer experience in the north‐eastern USA shows that winter cereals can, in 3–4 weeks (Feekes 9 harvest), produce high quality forage given sufficient N at dormancy break. Here, we evaluate crop response models to determine the most economic rate of N (MERN) for forage winter cereals. Sixty‐three on‐farm N‐rate trials (0, 34, 67, 101, 135 kg N/ha) were conducted in New York from 2013 to 2016. Trials were divided into four categories: (a) no yield response to N (group 1; 20 trials); (b) yield plateau exceeded the highest N rate (group 2; one trial); (c) the MERN was below the lowest N rate (group 3; seven trials) and (d) all other N‐responsive trials (group 4; 35 trials). For group 4, three statistical models were compared (quadratic plateau, exponential and square root plateau). Statistical, environmental and economic criteria showed that the quadratic plateau fits the data best and had the most stable predictions across scenarios. The four‐category analysis is effective in determining MERNs of individual trials, and the quadratic plateau is best for determining forage winter cereal MERNs and yields at MERNs for individual trials in the north‐eastern USA.
Phonon behaviors and dielectric functions in Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3‐based ceramics by Raman scattering and optical ellipsometry
Authors: Jiao Shan , Chen Fangfang , Zhang Yi , Hu Zhigao , Duan Zhihua , Wang Feifei , Sun Dazhi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe dielectric functions and lattice vibrations of (0.935‐x)Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3‐0.065BaTiO3‐xSrTiO3 (BNBSTx) ceramics were investigated by temperature‐dependent spectroscopic ellipsometry and Raman scattering. Based on the analysis of dielectric functions with the Tauc‐Lorentz dispersion model, it was found that the band gap and the temperature coefficient increased with the addition of SrTiO3. Moreover, the frequency, intensity and/or full width at half maximum of phonon modes related to Bi and Ti‐localized phonon modes exhibited local maximum/minimum around the depolarization temperature and permittivity‐maximum temperature, which indicated the ongoing structural transformation. In addition, the Sr introduction affected the TiO6 tilting and the off‐center displacement of Ti4+. These results seem to be significant for the enhanced response functions with the addition of SrTiO3 in BNBSTx ceramics.
Gene–environment correlations in parental emotional warmth and intolerance: genome‐wide analysis over two generations of the Young Finns Study
Authors: Dobewall Henrik , Savelieva Kateryna , Seppälä Ilkka , Knafo‐Noam Ariel , Hakulinen Christian , Elovainio Marko , Keltikangas‐Järvinen Liisa , Pulkki‐Råback Laura , Raitakari Olli T. , Lehtimäki Terho , Hintsanen Mirka 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundGenomic analysis of the child might offer new potential to illuminate human parenting. We examined whether offspring (G2) genome‐wide genotype variation (SNPs) is associated with their mother's (G1) emotional warmth and intolerance, indicating a gene–environment correlation. If this association is stronger than between G2′s genes and their emotional warmth and intolerance toward their own children, then this would indicate the presence of an evocative gene–environment correlation. To further understand how G1 mother's parenting has been evoked by genetically influenced characteristics of the child (G2), we examined whether child (G2) temperament partially accounted for the association between offspring genes and parental responses.MethodsParticipants were from the Young Finns Study. G1 mothers (N = 2,349; mean age 39 years) self‐reported the emotional warmth and intolerance toward G2 in 1980 when the participants were from 3 to 18 years old. G2 participants answered the same parenting scales in 2007/2012 (N = 1,378; mean age = 38 years in 2007; 59% female) when their children were on average 11 years old. Offspring temperament traits were self‐reported in 1992 (G2 age range 15–30 years). Estimation of the phenotypic variance explained by the SNPs of G2 was done by genome‐wide complex trait analysis with restricted maximum likelihood (GCTA‐GREML).ResultsResults showed that the SNPs of a child (G2) explained 22.6% of the phenotypic variance of maternal intolerance (G1; p‐value = .039). G2 temperament trait negative emotionality explained only 2.4% points of this association. G2 genes did not explain G1 emotional warmth or G2′s own emotional warmth and intolerance. However, further analyses of a combined measure of both G1 parenting scales found genetic effects. Parent or child gender did not moderate the observed associations.ConclusionsPresented genome‐wide evidence is pointing to the important role a child plays in affecting and shaping his/her family environment, though the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.
Application of a combined treatment using natural antimicrobials and modified atmosphere packaging to enhance safety, quality, and shelf‐life of fresh‐cut beet leaves
Authors: Fernández M. V. , Jagus R. J. , Agüero M. V. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFresh‐cut horticultural products have a very limited shelf‐life and have been associated with several foodborne illnesses. In previous studies, natural antimicrobials green tea (GTE) and nisin have shown great effect on microbial control, while modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) with modified initial atmosphere (MIA) was great for nutritional preservation. The aim of this study was to select an adequate combination of those treatments to enhance safety, quality, and shelf‐life of fresh‐cut beet leaves. Results shows synergistic behavior with the combination of 2.5% GTE, 500 UI/g nisin and MAP with MIA for native microbiota, Listeria, and Escherichia coli control. During refrigerated storage, combined treatment showed a significant reduction in microbial counts and generate a “fortification” increasing greatly its total polyphenols content and antioxidant capacity. While control samples presented a shelf‐life of less than 7 days, an adequate combination of technologies improved greatly the overall quality and prolonged shelf‐life to at least 14 days.Practical applicationsIn the context of a growing demand for healthy, nutritious, minimally processed, free of additives, and environmentally friendly products, this study proposes the use of the modified atmospheres packaging technology in combination with the application of natural antimicrobials to improve overall quality and enhance safety of minimally processed vegetable products. The combination of these two technologies for the preservation of minimally processed beet leaves has proven to be an alternative that not only allows microbiological control of the product, but also causes a significant improvement in nutritional and sensory quality. The results presented in this study have a clear practical application in the minimally processed vegetable industries. Indeed, developments as the one presented in this research are needed by the industry to reach the demanding requirements of consumers as well as the new regulatory requirements and to increase the added value of this kind of products.
Combination effect of Alpinia malaccensis and Terminalia catappa extract for controlling foodborne pathogens and spoilage bacteria on ready to cook vacuum packed raw chicken meat
Authors: Somarathna Thikshani , Ranaweera K. K. D. S. , Premakumara G. A. S. , Weerakkody Nimsha S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe combined antibacterial activity of Alpinia malaccensis and Terminalia catappa, was tested for Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and spoilage bacteria in vacuum packed ready‐to‐cook (RTC) chicken. The 10 g of chicken pieces were inoculated with each bacterium and marinated with 0.5 ml of the mixture of 5 mg/ml A. malaccensis and 20 mg/ml T. catappa. The chicken was vacuum packed after adding 1 ml extract mixture and stored at 4 or 8 °C for 12 days. Every three‐day intervals microbial count, lipid oxidation, pH, and the color was determined. Combination of plant extracts significantly (p < .05) inhibited the growth of S. aureus bacteria with 1.80, 2.13, 2.36, and 2.97 log CFU/g reduction over 3, 6, 9, and 12 days stored at 8 °C. Similarly, L. monocytogenes was significantly (p < .05) inhibited at 6, 9, 12 days with 1.22, 1.60, and 1.55 log CFU/g reduction compared to control at 4 °C. Lipid oxidation significantly reduced (p < .05) in treated chicken 1.39 MDA mg/kg and 2.43 MDA mg/kg at day 12 at 4 and 8 °C, respectively. Total plate count of treated chicken showed 6.59 ± 0.10 log CFU/g at 6 days of storage at 4 °C and 6.66 ± 0.36 CFU/g during 9 days of storage at 8 °C allowing safe for human consumption.Practical applicationsThe shelf‐life of RTC marinated vacuum packed fresh chicken samples stored at 4 and 8 °C were significantly extended for 6 and 9 days, respectively. Plant extracts combination showed a significant inhibition of L. monocytogenes or S. aureus and spoilage bacteria and reduced lipid oxidation. Therefore, two plants extract combinations act as antimicrobials and antioxidants which could stabilize lipid oxidation, color, and microbial growth thus extending the shelf‐life of ready to cook fresh chicken meat products. Therefore, marinated RTC chicken is economically important for the food industry.