bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost-effectiveness of umeclidinium compared with tiotropium and glycopyrronium as monotherapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a UK perspective
Authors: Shah Dhvani , Driessen Maurice , Risebrough Nancy , Baker Timothy , Naya Ian , Briggs Andrew , Ismaila Afisi S. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Background
Cost-effectiveness of once-daily umeclidinium bromide (UMEC) was compared with once-daily tiotropium (TIO) and once-daily glycopyrronium (GLY) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) from a UK National Health Service (NHS) perspective.

Methods
A linked-equation model was implemented to estimate COPD progression, associated healthcare costs, exacerbations rates, life years (LY) and quality-adjusted LY (QALYs). Statistical risk equations for endpoints and resource use were derived from the ECLIPSE and TORCH studies, respectively. Treatment effects [mean (standard error)] at 12 weeks on forced expiratory volume in 1 s and St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire score were obtained from the intention-to-treat populations of two head-to-head studies [GSK study identifiers 201316 (NCT02207829) and 201315 (NCT02236611)] which compared UMEC 62.5 mcg with TIO 18 mcg and UMEC 62.5 mcg with GLY 50 mcg, respectively. Treatment costs reflect UK list prices (2016) and NHS unit costs; UMEC and GLY prices being equal and less than TIO. A lifetime horizon, discounted costs and effects at 3.5% were used. Sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the robustness of variations in input parameters and assumptions in the model.

Results
Over a lifetime horizon, UMEC was predicted to increase LYs (+ 0.195; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.069, 0.356) and QALYs (+ 0.118; 95% CI: 0.055, 0.191) and reduce the number of annual exacerbations (− 0.053; 95% CI: − 0.171, 0.028) compared with TIO, with incremental cost savings of £460/patient (95% CI: − £645, − £240). Compared with GLY, UMEC increased LYs (+ 0.124; 95% CI: 0.015, 0.281) and QALYs (+ 0.101; 95% CI: 0.043, 0.179) and reduced annual exacerbation (− 0.033; 95% CI: − 0.135, 0.017) at an additional cost of £132/patient (95% CI: £12, £330), resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of £1310/QALY (95% CI: £284, £2060). Similar results were observed in alternative time horizons and additional sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions
For treatment of patients with COPD in the UK over a lifetime horizon, treatment with UMEC dominates treatment with TIO, providing both improved health outcomes and cost savings. In comparison with GLY, treatment with UMEC achieved improved health outcomes but was associated with a higher cost.
Trial registration 201316, NCT02207829; 201315, NCT02236611
Land tenure policy and off-farm employment in rural China
Authors: Chang Hongqin , Ai Ping , Li Yuan 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Using the data from the three waves (1995, 2002, and 2008) of the Chinese Household Income Project (CHIP), this paper investigates the impact of land tenure security on farmers’ labor market outcomes in rural China. To identify the effect of land tenure security, this paper used difference-in-differences strategy to control for time invariant heterogeneity and a number of observed time-varying economic characteristics for its validity. The paper finds that in response to more security land rights, both women and men increase their probability of wage employment participation.

JEL Classification: O15, J61, Q15, R23
Impact of Genetic Polymorphism in the β2-Receptor Gene on Risk of Severe Hypoglycemia in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Rokamp Kim Zillo , Olsen Niels Vidiendal , Færch Louise , Kristensen Peter Lommer , Thorsteinsson Birger , Pedersen-Bjergaard Ulrik 
Published: May 2018

AbstractContextSevere hypoglycemic events are unevenly distributed in people with type 1 diabetes, making a genetic influence probable. Of the common adrenoceptor β-2 receptor gene (ADRB2) polymorphisms, the Arg16 allele is associated with receptor downregulation and reduced agonist-mediated endogenous glucose production.ObjectiveWe tested the hypothesis that the Arg16 variant is associated with severe hypoglycemia.MethodA cohort of 311 patients with type 1 diabetes reported severe hypoglycemic events retrospectively in a validated questionnaire. The patients were characterized by diabetes history, state of hypoglycemia awareness, C-peptide status, HbA1c, and ADRB2 genotype.ResultsThe ADRB2 Gly16Arg genotype distribution was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The rate of severe hypoglycemia differed among all genotypes (P = 0.01). Patients homozygous for the Arg16 genotype (AA; n = 60) had a relative rate (RR) of severe hypoglycemia of 2.2 (95% CI, 1.3 to 3.6) compared with patients homozygous for the Gly16 genotype (GG; n = 116; P = 0.002). Among patients with impaired awareness or unawareness (n = 175), those with the AA genotype (n = 33) had an RR of severe hypoglycemia of 3.2 (95% CI, 1.7 to 6.0) compared with patients with the GG genotype (n = 58; P &lt; 0.000). Genotype was not associated with state of hypoglycemia awareness per se, as assessed by any of three classification methods. The difference was not explained by other risk factors.ConclusionGenetic polymorphism in ADRB2 is associated with risk of severe hypoglycemia in individuals with type 1 diabetes, especially in those with impaired hypoglycemia awareness.
Blood-derived non-extracellular vesicle proteins as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of early ER+ breast cancer and detection of lymph node involvement
Authors: Tucker Rod , Pedro Ana 
Published: May 2018

Extracellular vesicles (EV’s) are membrane surrounded structures released by different cell types and are emerging as potential therapeutic and diagnostic targets in cancer. In the present study, plasma samples derived from 7 patients with metastatic and non-metastatic ER+ (estrogen receptor positive) breast cancer (BC) were collected and their respective (EVs) isolated and the protein content analyzed by mass spectrometry and FunRich analysis. Two putative plasma biomarkers (absent in healthy controls samples) were identified which could be used to detect early ER+ breast cancer and for those with lymph node (LN) involvement However, given the current limitations of the EV isolation method used, it is possible that these biomarkers did not originate from EVs and may represent blood-derived extracellular proteins. Further work in a larger patient cohort is warranted to confirm these findings and examine the diagnostic potential of these biomarkers.
Pathway to care for drug resistant tuberculosis cases identified during a retrospective study conducted in high TB burden wards in Mumbai
Authors: Lobo Eunice , Shah Shimoni , Rangan Sheela , Dholakia Yatin , Mistry Nerges 
Published: May 2018

Background: Mumbai is witnessing a rising incidence of all forms of drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). Methods: A population-based, retrospective study was conducted between April and July 2014, in 15 high TB burden wards in Mumbai, to capture the patient pathways to TB care. A total of 23 DR-TB patients were identified and their pathways to access DR-TB care were recorded using semi-structured interviews. Results: The total DR-TB pathway time of new patients (who did not report any past episode of TB) (180 days; IQR 123,346) was found to be more than twice that of retreatment patients (who reported a past episode of TB) (69 days; IQR 42,128). Conclusions: The unacceptable delay for diagnosis and treatment of DR-TB in Mumbai advocates for consistent implementation of early screening of patients using rapid gene-based technologies.
Effect of using microwaves for catalysts preparation on the catalytic acetalization of glycerol with furfural to obtain fuel additives
Authors: Gutiérrez-Acebo Esther , Guerrero-Ruiz Federico , Centenero Mélanie , Martínez Jordan S. , Salagre Pilar , Cesteros Yolanda 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The effect of using microwaves or conventional heating for synthesizing/modifying several acid micro- and mesoporous materials have been studied by testing them as catalysts for the acetalization of glycerol with furfural to obtain 1,3-dioxane and 1,3-dioxolane (fuel additives). Microwaves allowed us the incorporation of higher amounts of sulfonic groups in SBA-15 and montmorillonite MK-10 catalysts whereas for zeolite samples the differences were not significant. The catalysts prepared/modified with microwaves led to higher conversion but slight lower selectivity to the desired products than those prepared by conventional heating. Sulfonated montmorillonite MK-10 catalysts showed high conversion (62-68%) and the highest selectivity values to the desired products (72-86%). This has been related to the higher surface density of Brønsted acid sites observed for these catalysts. The presence of Lewis acid centres in the ReOx/hectorite catalyst increased the formatron od dioxane.
Distinct expression and prognostic value of MS4A in gastric cancer
Authors: Sun Lei , Zhang Yanli , Zhang Chao 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Gastric cancer has high malignancy and early metastasis, which lead to poor survival rate. In this study, we assessed the expressions and prognostic values of MS4A family, a newly recently discovered family, by two online dataset, GEPIA and Kaplan Meier-plotter. From these results eight members, MS4A2, MS4A6, MS4A7, MS4A8, MS4A14, MS4A15, TMEM176A and TMEM176B showed positive expression in gastric cancer or normal tissues, and these genes were screened for further analysis of prognostic values. We observed that low mRNA expressions of MS4A2, MS4A7, MS4A14, MS4A15, TMEM176A and TMEM176B were correlated with better overall survival (OS) in all gastric cancer patients, while high mRNA expression of MS4A6 was observed to be associated with good prognosis. MS4A8’s high mRNA level was correlated to better OS in diffuse gastric cancer patients. Further, we estimated prognostic values of MS4A family in gastric cancer patients with different clinic-pathological features, including clinical stages, differentiation level, lymph node status and HER2 status. Our results indicate that these eight MS4A members can estimate prognosis in patients with different pathological groups. In conclusion, MS4A family members are potential biomarkers, and may contribute to tumor progression in gastric cancer.
Classification of journal bearing friction states based on acoustic emission signals
Authors: Mokhtari Noushin , Gühmann Clemens 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
For diagnosis and predictive maintenance of mechatronic systems, monitoring of bearings is essential. An important building block for this is the determination of the bearing friction condition. This paper deals with the possibility of monitoring different journal bearing friction states, such as mixed and fluid friction, and examines a new approach to distinguish between different friction intensities under several speed and load combinations based on feature extraction and feature selection methods applied on acoustic emission (AE) signals. The aim of this work is to identify separation effective features of AE signals to subsequently classify the journal bearing friction states. Furthermore, the acquired features give information about the mixed friction intensity, which is significant for remaining useful lifetime (RUL) prediction. Time domain features as well as features in the frequency domain have been investigated in this work. To increase the sensitivity of the extracted features the AE signals were transformed to the frequency-time-domain using continuous wavelet transform (CWT). Significant frequency bands are determined to separate different friction states more effective. A support vector machine (SVM) is used to classify the signals into three different friction classes. In the end the idea for an RUL prediction method by using the already determined information is given and explained.
Testing the Image Quality of Cabinet X-ray Systems for Security Screening: The Revised ASTM F792 Standard
Authors: Glover Jack L. , Tosh Ronald E. , Hudson Lawrence T. , Paulter Nicholas G. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
ASTM F792, Standard Practice for Evaluating the Imaging Performance of Security X-ray Systems, provides test objects and methods for measuring the imaging performance of cabinet X-ray systems used at security checkpoints. The standard is widely used, with many thousands of ASTM F792 test objects utilized throughout the world. The last major revision of the standard was more than 15 years ago (2001), and since that time, several deficiencies have been noted when using the standard for testing modern systems employing multiple-view and multiple-energy configurations. Accordingly, the present work describes a new revision of the ASTM F792 standard realized as a trifurcation into three parts, each with its own separate test object and associated test method. The three parts of the standard are intended for routine testing, human-perception testing, and objective technical testing, and represent a major update to this venerable standard.
The Influence of Uneven Temperature Distributions on Local Shear and Interlaminar Fracture Toughness Properties of a Thick Composite Laminate
Authors: Smit D. A. , Lahuerta F. , Borst M. , Nijssen R. P. L. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Because wind turbine blade length has increased over the years, so have the root and spar cap thicknesses. Temperature gradients and residual strains related to the manufacturing process of thick laminates are factors that determine the final laminate mechanical properties. The aim of this study is to investigate the manufacturing process influence on shear and fracture toughness properties for an epoxy glass fiber-reinforced polymer. Epoxy-infused laminates of 84 layers (55–60 mm) thick were manufactured. The laminate was manufactured using vacuum infusion on a single-sided mold. Thermocouples and strain gauges were embedded at different thickness positions to monitor temperature and residual strain during the curing process. The laminate was manufactured using the sublaminate technique: with the help of peel plies at different thickness positions, sublaminates were extracted and separately tested as standard coupons. Shear coupons were tested according to ASTM D7078-12, Standard Test Method for Shear Properties of Composite Materials by V-Notched Rail Shear Method, and fracture toughness double-cantilever beam coupons were tested in Mode I according to ASTM D5528-13, Standard Test Method for Mode I Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Unidirectional Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites. Based on the extracted sublaminates, the relations between local curing cycles, residual strains, and the influence on the shear and fracture toughness were studied. This work reports temperature profiles and residual strain measurements that were monitored during thick laminate manufacturing. In addition, experimental data from shear and fracture toughness tests (static and fatigue) are correlated with the local residual strains and temperature measurements.
Las relaciones internacionales y el papel de Brasil en la gobernanza climática global durante el gobierno de Luis Inácio Lula da Silva (2003-2010)
Authors: Rodrigues Teixeira Juliane 
Published: May 2018

Se destaca la actuación multilateral de Brasil, especialmente durante el gobierno de Luis Inácio Lula da Silva (2003-2010), en medio del debate sobre la temática ambiental presente en las relaciones internacionales contemporáneas y en el contexto de la ampliación de la necesidad de una gestión colectiva de la crisis ambiental debido a su carácter transnacional. Por el papel protagónico del país en las negociaciones multilaterales y por su posición natural privilegiada, en función de su gran biodiversidad, se plantea la perspectiva nacionalista desde principios de los años noventa, cuya representación se ha ampliado en los foros de discusiones globales en la primera década del siglo XXI. Se analiza la gobernanza global del cambio climático. Primero se destacan las principales cumbres mundiales sobre el tema, así como el tradicional posicionamiento de Brasil. Luego se aborda la actuación brasileña en el ámbito externo, así como las políticas de mitigación implementadas durante el gobierno de Lula da Silva. Así, se logra presentar cómo Brasil ha pasado de una postura reactiva hacia una política exterior más activa, participativa y colaborativa, siempre con principios de las responsabilidades comunes, pero diferenciadas, y la preservación de la soberanía sobre sus recursos naturales. La idea de preservar y proteger el medioambiente, se transfiere hacia los países desarrollados y con la visión de financiar y equilibrar las relaciones de poder con los países en desarrollo.
Propuesta para el fortalecimiento de la educación básica (PFEB) en México
Authors: López Gutiérrez Emiliano , Arauz Beita Ileana , Salgado Molina Lirio Cristell 
Published: May 2018

Se ofrece una propuesta para el fortalecimiento de la educación básica en México. Se analiza la condición de los planteles educativos y si contribuyen a materializar los esfuerzos de la política educativa estatal.Se comparan los contextos con altos niveles de marginación y pobreza con otros que carecen de este fenómeno. Se plantea que la educación para México es significativa en todos los aspectos, dada la pluralidad y diversidad cultural que ostenta. Se espera incidir de una manera innovadora en la educación de México. Se propone iniciar en los estados con mayor índice de rezago escolar. Se plantea que esta PFEB se aplique primero en el Estado de Guerrero, por las características que presenta este estado en materia de rezago educativo en relación con otros estados de la república mexicana, La metodología utilizada en esta investigación partió de un estudio observacional-documental. Se proponen cambios tanto curriculares, como pedagógicos y de recursos, tanto tecnológicos como de infraestructura. En la aplicación de la propuesta, se incluyen las supervisiones o monitoreos de las autoridades competentes.
Tablas especiales de pago como herramienta para viabilizar el acceso a vivienda a los sectores de menor ingreso de la población
Authors: Hernández Cubero Marco Antonio , Vallejo Esquivel Gustavo Mauricio 
Published: May 2018

Se plantea que el acceso a vivienda digna es un derecho humano fundamental; sin embargo, se considera que el sistema bancario costarricense no facilita dicho derecho a los sectores de ingresos medios, razón por la cual se presentan las tablas especiales de pago, como una herramienta efectiva para ello. Se proponen como una forma de recompensar que permite viabilizar el acceso a vivienda a los sectores de menor ingreso de la población, ajustando la cuota a sus capacidades reales de pago, sin poner en riesgo su estabilidad económica y a su vez, aumentar dicho pago, en relación directa al incremento de sus ingresos familiares. Entre las facilidades de pago que se presentan, se encuentran: pago de una cuota inicial de hasta un 70 % por debajo de la cuota real que se debería pagar bajo el método tradicional, una tasa de interés razonable por lo general inferior a la que ofrecen otras instituciones del sistema financiero nacional, a un plazo de hasta veinte años. Se presenta el modelo de las tablas especiales de pago en el Fondo de Beneficio Social de la Universidad Nacional, que se muestran como una solución viable para el acceso de vivienda a los sectores de menor ingreso, modelo que se puede trasladar a todas las instituciones financieras públicas y privadas.
La muerte como hilo conductor de las acciones en la <i>Eneida</i>
Authors: Herrera Valenciano Minor 
Published: May 2018

Este artículo no se fundamenta en definir la muerte, más bien, se busca demostrar que la <i>Eneida</i> es un poema de muertes, que Virgilio se acerca a este fenómeno con recurrencia, que se vale de la muerte de una gran cantidad de personajes como recurso literario, debido a que los fallecimientos permiten la fluidez del texto, es decir, las muertes ocurren porque es necesario para que haya un impulsor de la acción.
As Revistas Educação (1931-1961) e a didática: contribuições de Norbert Elias
Authors: Michelli de Castro Rosane , Reis Karina Cássia Oliveira 
Published: May 2018

Este artigo resulta de reflexões desenvolvidas junto ao Programa de Pesquisa histórica que tem como objetivo reunir contribuições teóricas para uma história da disciplina de Didática no Brasil (1827-2011). As reflexões foram realizadas centradas na análise de aspectos das revistas Educação (1931-1932), Revista de Educação (1933- 1944) e Educação (1945-1961), as quais se constituíram em corpus documental para uma pesquisa, desenvolvida em nível de mestrado, integrante do Programa de Pesquisa mencionado. Tratou-se de análise de aspectos como o ciclo de vida dessas revistas e, também, de aspectos referentes à sua materialidade e aqueles que se materializam numa análise quali-quantitativa, referentes, por exemplo, à predominância e recorrência das temáticas sobre Didática, bem como informações sobre colaboradores e sobre a quantidade de artigos por colaborador. O quadro teórico-metodológico, além das teorizações de pesquisadores da História das disciplinas escolares, foi constituído pelas formulações de Elias (1999), a partir da noção de configuração social. Julgamos pertinente o estabelecimento de tal diálogo, considerando que as revistas analisadas constituíram-se, também, em espaços de materialização desses discursos, centralmente, sobre Didática, a favor de dada tradição, confirmada ao final, ao mesmo tempo técnica e política.
MUHASEBE ÖĞRETİMİNDE YENİ YÖNTEMLERİN GEREKLİLİĞİ VE KİŞİSELLEŞTİRİLMİŞ ESNEK ÖĞRETİM MODELLERİNİN UYGULANMASI VE BİGA İİBF ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: KALMIŞ Halis 
Published: May 2018

Muhasebe öğretiminde genellikle geleneksel yaklaşımlar uygulanmaktadır. Geleneksel yaklaşımlar, öğreticinin aktifliği çerçevesinde kara tahta veya çeşitli sunum araçları kullanımıyla bilgilendirme ve genellikle konu anlatımında örnek olay çözümü ve ödev verme temelinde gerçekleşmektedir. Öğrenci ise dinleme, not alma, anlamadığını sorma ve verilen ödevleri yapma durumunda olup pasif konumdadır. Bu yaklaşımda, öğreticinin başarılı ve etkinliğinden bağımsız olarak, öğrencinin yeni kavram ve bilgilerle karşılaşması ve öğrencinin öğrenme şekli ve bilgiyi algılama düzeyine bağlı olarak muhasebe öğreniminde başarı düzeyi oransal olarak düşüktür. Dolaysıyla geleneksel yöntemlerin uygulanması kolay ve alışık olmasına karşın, başarısının düşük olması nedeniyle bu yaklaşımlarda ısrar etmek çok anlamlı değildir.
Geleneksel yaklaşım yerine, öğrencinin, önceden belirlenmiş konulara teknolojik araçlar yardımıyla istediği zamanda çalışma ve derslik ortamında anlamadığını sorma, öğreticinin konuyla ilgili sorgulama ve örnek olay çözdürmesi yoluyla öğrendiklerini pekiştirmesi modeli daha etkili, yararlı ve sonuç alıcı olabilir. Bu model, yabancı yazında Flipped veya inverted classroom/teaching ve blended teaching olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Bu modellerin ortak noktası, öğrencilerin öğrenmede kişiselleştirilmiş esnek öğretim modelinin uygulanmasıdır. Bu doğrultuda, bu çalışmanın amacı, muhasebe eğitim ve öğretiminde kişiselleştirilmiş esnek öğretim modelinin uygulanmasının gerekliliği ve önemi üzerinde durularak farkındalık yaratmak ve Biga İİBF işletme bölümü genel muhasebe dersinde kültürel yapı değişikliği ile öğretim modeline yaklaşımının belirlenmesi amacıyla uygulamaktır.