bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and kidney harm: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Mitsuboshi Satoru , Morizumi Makoto , Imai Shungo , Hori Satoko , Kotake Kazumasa 
Published: November 2024

AbstractConflicting data have been reported on the association between mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) and acute kidney injury (AKI). This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate whether MRAs affect the risk of AKI. MEDLINE via PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the ClinicalTrials.gov website were comprehensively searched to extract all relevant studies. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were selected that compared MRA versus placebo or no treatment and had study populations consisting of patients with heart or kidney disease. The primary outcome was AKI. The secondary outcome was kidney injury, including AKI and non‐AKI. Thirty‐three studies were included in the meta‐analysis. MRAs were not associated with an increased risk of AKI (risk ratio [RR] 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.88–1.46, p = 0.29, I2 = 15%, 18,065 patients, 13 RCTs, moderate certainty). For the secondary outcome, MRAs were associated with an increased risk of kidney injury (RR 1.52, 95% CI 1.24–1.87, p < 0.01, I2 = 48%, 27,492 patients, 33 RCTs, low certainty). In particular, only canrenone (RR 5.39, 95% CI 2.17–13.37, p < 0.01) and spironolactone (RR 1.78, 95% CI 1.48–2.14, p < 0.01) were associated with an increased risk of kidney injury. However, eplerenone and finerenone seem not to increase the risk of kidney injury in patients with heart or kidney disease. The selection of MRAs might influence the risk of kidney‐associated events. Further studies focusing on individual MRAs may be needed to clarify these differences.
“The World Isn't Black and White”: Adolescent Youth of Color Reflect on School Ethnic‐Racial Climate, Context, and Identity in Middle School
Authors: Durand Tina M. , Blackwell Ronnie 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTContemporary scholars of race contend that the long‐heralded “American Dream” rhetoric continues to thrive within the ideology of colorblindness, whereby race is deemed insignificant. Public schools are not insulated from this, and recent political assaults the teaching of “divisive” concepts have already had a chilling effect on classroom content, posing a threat to the affirmation of racially marginalized students. Using qualitative interviews, we examined the salience of ethnicity‐race and ethnic‐racial identity for students of varied ethnic‐racial groups (n = 22) in a middle school community that was ethno‐racially diverse, but where White students constituted a large segment of the population. Guided by critical race theory (CRT) and phenomenological variant of ecological systems theory (PVEST), our analyses generated five thematic categories upon which ethnicity‐race were relevant to students: learning and appreciation for diversity, ethnic‐racial identity, teacher behaviors, student treatment, and same‐race peer connections and support. Findings are discussed in terms of implications for teachers and counselors to stand in solidarity with youth in challenging hegemonic whiteness in schools.
Gender differences in treatment effectiveness for borderline personality disorder
Authors: Qian Xinyu , Townsend Michelle L. , Grenyer Brin F. S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBorderline personality disorder (BPD) is a psychological disorder that is diagnosed predominantly in females yet is equally as prevalent in males. Many empirical research studies on the treatment of BPD have been conducted with only female participants. We aimed to investigate the impact of current treatments for BPD on men compared to women. Using data from a larger ongoing longitudinal study, we matched 48 males with 48 females in treatment on age, overall functioning and psychological distress at intake and then accessed their progress in treatment after 12 months. Controlling for the initial scores at baseline, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) analysis found significant differences in outcome measures at 12‐months follow‐up. Females had significantly greater improvements in BPD severity and greater improvements in internalizing symptoms such as chronic feelings of emptiness. Females also reported significantly greater satisfaction and ratings of health at follow‐up. These findings suggest that current treatment as usual for BPD could be more effective for women compared to men. Results from the study highlight the need for future studies to investigate the experience of males in current BPD treatment and to identify potential areas for modification to better cater to this population.
Multi‐Task Multi‐Fidelity Learning of Properties for Energetic Materials
Authors: Appleton Robert J. , Klinger Daniel , Lee Brian H. , Taylor Michael , Kim Sohee , Blankenship Samuel , Barnes Brian C. , Son Steven F. , Strachan Alejandro 
Published: November 2024

AbstractData science and artificial intelligence are playing an increasingly important role in the physical sciences. Unfortunately, in the field of energetic materials data scarcity limits the accuracy and even applicability of ML tools. To address data limitations, we compiled multi‐modal data: both experimental and computational results for several properties. We find that multi‐task neural networks can learn from multi‐modal data and outperform single‐task models trained for specific properties. As expected, the improvement is more significant for data‐scarce properties. These models are trained using descriptors built from simple molecular information and can be readily applied for large‐scale materials screening to explore multiple properties simultaneously. This approach is widely applicable to fields outside energetic materials.
Development and evaluation of RNA microsphere‐based RNAi approaches for managing the striped flea beetle (Phyllotreta striolata), a globally destructive pest of Cruciferae crops
Authors: Kong Linghao , Xu Jiazheng , Shen Weihong , Zhang Songhan , Xu Zhiping , Zhu Kun Yan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDRNA interference (RNAi) technology has emerged as a promising strategy for species‐specific management of agricultural pests. However, the application of this technology has been significantly hindered by the instability of the interfering RNA molecules in the insect body after ingestion leading to variations in the susceptibility to the RNA triggers across different taxonomic groups of insects. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new approaches that will overcome these challenges associated with the use of RNAi‐based insect pest management strategies. This study explored the use of RNA microspheres (RMS) synthesized via rolling‐circle transcription (RCT) technology as a potential method for managing striped flea beetle (Phyllotreta striolata), a globally destructive pest of Cruciferae crops.RESULTSThe synthesized RMS against the genes encoding reticulocalbin (RMS‐PsRCN) and ribosomal RNA (RMS‐PsrRNA) were highly effective in both silencing their target genes and causing increased P. striolata adult mortality. Relative expression levels of the target genes RMS‐PsRCN and RMS‐PsrRNA were decreased by 74.9% and 68.92%, respectively, in RMS fed adults, compared with the control adults fed RMS‐EGFP. Consequently, the adult mortalities were 81.7% and 73.3% when fed RMS‐PsRCN and RMS‐PsrRNA, respectively, compared with 8.3% in the control adults. Furthermore, movements of adults fed RMS‐PsRCN and RMS‐PsrRNA were decreased by 70.2% and 55.7%, respectively, compared with the control adults.CONCLUSIONSThis study shows the potential of using RMS to suppress the expression of target genes and subsequently produce significant mortality rates and behavioral changes in RMS‐fed adult P. striolata. These findings underscore the promises and viability of using RMS as an effective strategy for gene function studies and species‐specific management of agricultural important insect pests. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Cinnamamides: a review of research in the agrochemical field
Authors: Da Silva Adrielle Firmino , França Saraliny Bezerra , Costa Lucas Fernando De Lima , dos Santos Ricardo Alexandre , Pinheiro Natália De Araújo , Barros Maria Ester De Sá Barreto , Lima Dimas José Da Paz 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe need for implementation of economically viable agrochemicals with lower toxicity and that are capable of overcoming resistance developed by insects, fungi and invasive plants has spurred the scientific community in the search for new active and selective substances and synthetic methodologies that adhere to the parameters of green chemistry. Cinnamamides, in turn, present a scaffold that has been a basis for various investigations due to their broad spectrum of biological activities. The agrochemical industry is a vast field in which these classes of compounds stand out, whether for their potential herbicidal, fungicidal, nematicidal, or insecticidal properties. Therefore, this review reports the progress of synthesis and the agrochemical potential of cinnamamides, their mechanism of action, and their structure–activity relationship (SAR), to provide insights for further research addressing the use of cinnamamides in crop protection. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Temperature‐driven cotton verticillium wilt: a beta model for risk assessment from laboratory insights to climate scenarios
Authors: Zhang Tianyi , Zheng Bangyou , Xie Zongming , Zhang Tao , Feng Hongjie , Zhou Jinglong , Ouyang Fang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDVerticillium wilt is a critical disease affecting cotton in the Xinjiang province, a region producing 90% cotton in China. Defining the specific temperature thresholds for disease prevalence is essential but has remained unclear.RESULTSThis study aimed to establish a model to quantify the relationship between temperature and cotton verticillium wilt disease risk. Through a controlled temperature experiment, we identified a nonlinear temperature relationship, with an optimal temperature of 26.5 °C. Then a beta model, parameterized from these findings, was validated against historical regional disease data, confirming its ability to accurately reflect interannual variations in disease occurrence and its direct applicability from laboratory to regional scales. We then utilized the model to project future disease risks under two Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) climate scenarios. The projections estimate a 4.8% to 10.1% increase in disease risks in Xinjiang by the 2080s under SSP1‐2.6 and SSP5‐8.5 scenarios, respectively.CONCLUSIONThis research offers a valuable predictive tool for cotton verticillium wilt risks, informing strategic decisions for cotton production in the face of climate change. The successful application of a laboratory‐derived model at a regional scale marks a significant advancement in plant disease risk assessment, underscoring temperature as a dominate factor in cotton disease dynamics. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Wastecraft and its multifaceted learning in Cuba
Authors: Lanzidei Claudia Marina 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn Cuba, scarcity is an ever‐present reality due to more than six decades of socialist regime and consequent economic embargo. One of the coping strategies for people facing such adversity has been to develop great abilities to repair and reuse objects and materials. In a certain way, Cubans are like Lévi‐Straussian bricoleurs, or, better said, they are engineers who had to adjust their project because the universe of tools at their disposition was closed, leading them to make do with the less they are provided with. Indeed, they create objects by repairing and reusing parts and materials, and by doing so, they refer to specific concepts like inventing, innovating, adapting, and recycling. Many of the practices, apart from being a way of earning a living, directly depend on the recovery of discarded elements and are therefore part of a complex economy that involves waste, which, once recovered, becomes a resource again. This article focuses on how social actors regulate and negotiate access to remunerative knowledges related to waste, what I call wastecrafts. Drawing on anthropological literature about gift giving and sharing, I reflect on how the transmission of practices related to waste takes place in Havana. My argument is that practices of reciprocity, sharing, and, in some cases, stealing the art coexist and are all to understand within the emic ideas of inventar, luchar, and sobrevivir.
Graph Neural Networks and Molecular Docking as Two Complementary Approaches for Virtual Screening: A Case Study on Cruzain
Authors: Gómez Chávez José Leonardo , Luchi Adriano Martín , Villafañe Roxana Noelia , Conti Germán Andres , Perez Ernesto Rafael , Angelina Emilio Luis , Peruchena Nélida María 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMolecular docking is one of the most widely used techniques for virtual screening (VS) of potential drug candidates. Despite its popularity, docking accuracy is often limited due to the trade‐off between speed and precision required for screening large compound libraries. In the present work, we leverage graph convolutional networks (GCNs), a state‐of‐the‐art deep neural network architecture, to enhance docking capacity for prioritizing active compounds from a library of ∼200,000 compounds screened against Cruzain. We propose strategies to integrate both techniques into a single VS pipeline. By applying the GCN as a pre‐docking filter, the compound library was enriched with active molecules, resulting in higher hit rates in subsequent docking screenings. Additionally, to further enhance the docking performance, the GCN‐learned atomic embeddings were directly incorporated into the docking process through pharmacophoric restraints. Unlike common approaches that use deep learning (DL) scoring functions to rank pre‐generated docking poses, the approaches we propose here have the advantage that only compounds that passed the DL filters need to be screened by the more computationally demanding docking method. This work might serve as a proof of concept for combining deep learning and classical docking in drug discovery.
Coherent States, the Two-Sphere and G/H Spaces
Authors: Nair V. Parameswaran 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAs examples of geometric quantization, we consider coherent states in flat space, on the two-sphere and on the complex projective space. These are treated using local coordinates, homogeneous coordinates and a group-theoretic formulation. Quantization of Kähler spaces of the G/H-type is also considered. We also outline the use of index theorems to calculate the dimension of the Hilbert space.
The Chern-Simons Theory in 2+1 Dimensions
Authors: Nair V. Parameswaran 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe Chern-Simons theory is a field theory in 2+1 dimensions with applications to the quantum Hall effect, knot theory, gravity, etc. General features of the geometric quantization of this theory are considered here, with some details presented for $$S^2$$ and for the Abelian theory on the torus.
Hierarchical Conditioning of Diffusion Models Using Tree-of-Life for Studying Species Evolution
Authors: Khurana Mridul , Daw Arka , Maruf M. , Uyeda Josef C. , Dahdul Wasila , Charpentier Caleb , Bakış Yasin , Bart Henry L. , Mabee Paula M. , Lapp Hilmar , Balhoff James P. , Chao Wei-Lun , Stewart Charles , Berger-Wolf Tanya , Karpatne Anuj 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA central problem in biology is to understand how organisms evolve and adapt to their environment by acquiring variations in the observable characteristics or traits of species across the tree of life. With the growing availability of large-scale image repositories in biology and recent advances in generative modeling, there is an opportunity to accelerate the discovery of evolutionary traits automatically from images. Toward this goal, we introduce Phylo-Diffusion, a novel framework for conditioning diffusion models with phylogenetic knowledge represented in the form of HIERarchical Embeddings (HIER-Embeds). We also propose two new experiments for perturbing the embedding space of Phylo-Diffusion: trait masking and trait swapping, inspired by counterpart experiments of gene knockout and gene editing/swapping. Our work represents a novel methodological advance in generative modeling to structure the embedding space of diffusion models using tree-based knowledge. Our work also opens a new chapter of research in evolutionary biology by using generative models to visualize evolutionary changes directly from images. We empirically demonstrate the usefulness of Phylo-Diffusion in capturing meaningful trait variations for fishes and birds, revealing novel insights about the biological mechanisms of their evolution. (Model and code can be found at imageomics.github.io/phylo-diffusion)
Quantum subsystem codes, CFTs and their ℤ2-gaugings
Authors: Ando Keiichi , Kawabata Kohki , Nishioka Tatsuma 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We construct Narain conformal field theories (CFTs) from quantum subsystem codes, a more comprehensive class of quantum error-correcting codes than quantum stabilizer codes, for qudit systems of prime dimensions. The resulting code CFTs exhibit a global ℤ2 symmetry, enabling us to perform the ℤ2-gauging to derive their orbifolded and fermionized theories when the symmetry is non-anomalous. We classify a subset of these subsystem code CFTs using weighted oriented graphs and enumerate those with small central charges. Consequently, we identify several bosonic code CFTs self-dual under the ℤ2-orbifold, new supersymmetric code CFTs, and a few fermionic code CFTs with spontaneously broken supersymmetry.
Inclusive $$ \overline{B}\to {X}_s{\ell}^{+}{\ell}^{-} $$ at the LHC: theory predictions and new-physics reach
Authors: Huber Tobias , Hurth Tobias , Jenkins Jack , Lunghi Enrico , Qin Qin , Vos K. Keri 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We present theoretical predictions for observables in inclusive $$ \overline{B}\to {X}_s{\ell}^{+}{\ell}^{-} $$

B
¯

→

X
s

ℓ
+

ℓ
−

suitable for measurements at hadron colliders through a sum-over-exclusive approach. At low q2 we calculate the branching ratio and three angular observables. At high q2 we provide the branching ratio and the ratio of the $$ \overline{B}\to {X}_s{\ell}^{+}{\ell}^{-} $$

B
¯

→

X
s

ℓ
+

ℓ
−

rate with respect to the inclusive $$ \overline{B}\to {X}_u\ell \overline{\nu} $$

B
¯

→

X
u

ℓ

ν
¯

rate with the same phase-space cut. We compare our predictions to the B factory measurements and also to an extraction of the experimental rate through a sum-over-exclusive method using branching ratios of the exclusive $$ \overline{B}\to {K}^{\left(\ast \right)}{\mu}^{+}{\mu}^{-} $$

B
¯

→

K

∗

μ
+

μ
−

modes measured at LHCb. We find a consistent picture comparing Standard Model theory and experiment. As such, our analysis does not support a recent claim about a deficit in the inclusive branching ratio in the high-q2 region. Finally, we present current model-independent bounds on new physics and emphasize the potential of complementary analyses of $$ \overline{B}\to {X}_s{\ell}^{+}{\ell}^{-} $$

B
¯

→

X
s

ℓ
+

ℓ
−

at Belle II and the LHC.
Deconstruction and surface defects in 6d CFTs
Authors: Conti Andrea , Dibitetto Giuseppe , Lozano Yolanda , Petri Nicolò , Ramírez Anayeli 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We study the two families of AdS3 × S3 × S2 × Σ2 solutions to massive Type IIA supergravity with small and large (0, 4) supersymmetries constructed recently in the literature, in connection with the AdS7 × S2 × I solutions to massive Type IIA, to which they asymptote locally. Based on our analysis of various observables, that we study holographically, we propose an interpretation of the first class of solutions as dual to deconstructed 6d (1,0) CFTs dual to AdS7, and of the second class as dual to surface defects in the same 6d theories. Among the observables that we study are baryon vertices and giant graviton configurations in quiver-like constructions.
Regulation of formin INF2 and its alteration in INF2-linked inherited disorders
Authors: Labat-de-Hoz Leticia , Jiménez M. Ángeles , Correas Isabel , Alonso Miguel A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFormins are proteins that catalyze the formation of linear filaments made of actin. INF2, a formin, is crucial for correct vesicular transport, microtubule stability and mitochondrial division. Its activity is regulated by a complex of cyclase-associated protein and lysine-acetylated G-actin (KAc-actin), which helps INF2 adopt an inactive conformation through the association of its N-terminal diaphanous inhibitory domain (DID) with its C-terminal diaphanous autoinhibitory domain. INF2 activation can occur through calmodulin binding, KAc-actin deacetylation, G-actin binding, or association with the Cdc42 GTPase. Mutations in the INF2 DID are linked to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), affecting podocytes, and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, which affects Schwann cells and leads to axonal loss. At least 80 pathogenic DID variants of INF2 have been identified, with potential for many more. These mutations disrupt INF2 regulation, leading to excessive actin polymerization. This in turn causes altered intracellular trafficking, abnormal mitochondrial dynamics, and profound transcriptional reprogramming via the MRTF/SRF complex, resulting in mitotic abnormalities and p53-mediated cell death. This sequence of events could be responsible for progressive podocyte loss during glomerular degeneration in FSGS patients. Pharmacological targeting of INF2 or actin polymerization could offer the therapeutic potential to halt the progression of FSGS and improve outcomes for patients with INF2-linked disease.
Hawking-Type Singularity Theorems for Worldvolume Energy Inequalities
Authors: Graf Melanie , Kontou Eleni-Alexandra , Ohanyan Argam , Schinnerl Benedict 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe classical singularity theorems of R. Penrose and S. Hawking from the 1960s show that, given a pointwise energy condition (and some causality as well as initial assumptions), spacetimes cannot be geodesically complete. Despite their great success, the theorems leave room for physically relevant improvements, especially regarding the classical energy conditions as essentially any quantum field theory necessarily violates them. While singularity theorems with weakened energy conditions exist for worldline integral bounds, so-called worldvolume bounds are in some cases more applicable than the worldline ones, such as the case of some massive free fields. In this paper, we study integral Ricci curvature bounds based on worldvolume quantum strong energy inequalities. Under the additional assumption of a—potentially very negative—global timelike Ricci curvature bound, a Hawking-type singularity theorem is proved. Finally, we apply the theorem to a cosmological scenario proving past geodesic incompleteness in cases where the worldline theorem was inconclusive.