bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resilience in children and their parents enduring pediatric medical traumatic stress
Authors: Isokääntä Siiri , Koivula Krista , Honkalampi Kirsi , Kokki Hannu 
Published: December 2018

SummaryDue to the general lack of familiarity with the concept in the medical field, resilience is rarely considered in pediatric medical traumas. Resilience is an ability that enables recovery after adversities such as traumas, surgeries, serious health problems, or social issues. Stress from medical traumas encompasses both the psychological and physical responses of children and their families. Lack of resilience in children with medical traumatic stress may contribute to poor adjustment, slow recovery, disruptive behaviors, and psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, persistent parental distress increases the child's risk of low resilience. Consequently, these patients and their parents require early identification. This is achievable using a common stress measure such as the Perceived Stress Scale. Moreover, health care providers can screen patients’ risks for low resilience, which include few social contacts, poor family functioning, and low cohesion among family members. Findings from the stress scale and screened risks could indicate the need for additional psychosocial support at the time of diagnosis of a serious illness, soon after injuries, and before and after operations. Such interventions can include decreasing distress, counseling children and their parents, and enabling strong connections to health care providers. Health care providers can help parents to minimize distress and adjust to their child's illness, thereby supporting the child's resilience, adjustment, and recovery.
Effect of Titanium Dioxide Film Thickness on Photocatalytic and Bactericidal Activities Against Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Barthomeuf Marion , Castel Xavier , Le Gendre Laurent , Louis Justine , Denis Martine , Pissavin Christine 
Published: December 2018

AbstractStructural, microstructural and bactericidal surface properties of TiO2‐coated glass substrates elaborated by reactive Radiofrequency sputtering are investigated. As pathogenic bacteria in biofilms are a major concern in food industries due to their growing resistance to cleaning and sanitizing procedures, the development of photoactive surfaces exhibiting bactericidal properties is acknowledged as an effective approach to tackle bacterial contaminations. Our principal aim concerns the study of the photoactive top‐layer thickness impact (from 80 nm to ~500 nm) on Listeria monocytogenes. Structural characterization of the TiO2 layers demonstrates that anatase and rutile phases are both present, depending on the film thickness. Photocatalytic activity of the samples has been evaluated through the degradation of aqueous methylene blue (MB) solutions under UVA light illumination for various time periods. The results show an efficiency rating increase according to TiO2 film thickness up to a threshold value close to 400 nm. Moreover, a significant decrease of the adherent bacteria number is observed after 20 min of UVA illumination. The quantitative study of the bactericidal activity associated with scanning electron microscopy observations of the postprocess bacteria damaged cells demonstrates the efficiency of the 240‐nm‐thick TiO2 coating sample. The results are correlated with the production of hydroxyl radicals during the process of photocatalysis.
Parent‐reported experience of using a real‐time text messaging service for dental appointments for children and young people with autism spectrum conditions: A pilot study
Authors: Holt Samantha , Parry Jennifer Ann 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIntroductionChildren and young people (CYP) with autism spectrum conditions (ASCs) and their parents/carers find dental appointments stressful. Consultation with parents of CYP with ASC identified time spent in dental waiting areas as contributing to dental anxiety. Parents proposed waiting outside the dental practice until the clinician was ready could help mitigate anxiety.AimsTo evaluate a real‐time text messaging service (RTMS) to improve dental attendance experience for CYP with ASC.MethodsAn RTMS was developed for use in the dental clinic. Parents/carers of 17 CYP with ASC (4 to 20 years) attending a Special Care Dental service were invited to share their dental experience and the impact of using the RTMS.ResultsParent experience suggests that time in waiting areas can increase anxiety in CYP with ASC. All parents viewed the RTMS as having a positive impact on CYP dental attendance experience. The majority believed that it reduced anxiety and enabled CYP to be more accepting of dental treatment.DiscussionMany CYP with ASC have dental anxiety exacerbated by the use of waiting areas. Findings demonstrate the importance of considering and developing a range of approaches that respond to the needs of CYP with ASC and their families to improve dental attendance experience.
Two signal half‐century: From negative selection of self‐reactivity to positive selection of near‐self‐reactivity
Authors: Forsdyke Donald R. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWith the emergence of clonal selection ideas in the 1950s, the development of immune cell repertoires was seen to require the negative selection of self‐reacting cells, with surviving cells exhibiting a broad range of specificities. Thus, confronting a universe of not‐self‐antigens, a potential host organism spread its resources widely. In the 1960s, the two signal hypothesis showed how this might work. However, in the 1970s an affinity/avidity model further proposed that anticipating a pathogen strategy of exploiting “holes” in the repertoire created by negative selection, hosts should also positively select near‐self‐reacting cells. A microbe mutating an antigen from a form foreign to its host to a form resembling that host should prevail over host defences with respect to that antigen. By mutating a step towards host self, along the path from non‐self to self, it should come to dominate the microbe population. By progressive stepwise mutations, such microbes would become better adapted, to the detriment of their hosts. But they would lose this advantage if, as they mutated closer to host self, they encountered progressively stiffer host defences. Thus, as described in the affinity/avidity model, positive selection of lymphocytes for specificities that were very close to, but not quite, anti‐self (ie, “anti‐near‐self”) should be an important host adaptation. While positive selection affects both B and T cells, mechanisms are uncertain. Converging evidence from studies of lymphocyte activation, either polyclonally (with lectins as “antigen‐analogs”) or monoclonally (by specific antigen), supports the original generic affinity/avidity model for countering mutations towards host self.
A Bourdieusian analysis of employment services workers in an era of Workfirst
Authors: Casey Simone 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis article draws on qualitative research which focused on worker experiences of Workfirst activation during the Job Services Australia (JSA) contract of employment services. The Workfirst orientation of Australian labour market programmes created imperatives for activation workers to monitor job seeker compliance with activity tests. As part of the broader cohort interviewed in the study, activation workers were interviewed about the way sanctions were used to discipline job seekers in street‐level exchanges. These workers had experienced the transition from the Job Network to JSA and had observed how a shift to Workfirst became institutionalised in organisational practices and culture.Concepts from Bourdieu's field theory are used to situate activation workers in the employment services field that became more managerial during the transition to Workfirst and where sanction‐based practice was mainstreamed. Drawing also on Peillon's sociology of welfare, employment services are described as part of the welfare field in which the activation workers experienced the misrecognition associated with Workfirst, which is described as a structure of domination. The analysis employs the concept of intersubjective recognition to draw attention to the subjective and objective co‐construction of street‐level interactions. This study has implications for understanding how welfare reforms affect activation workers, the contributors to the erosion of employment services capability, and the need for investment in workforce development in the employment services sector.
Has past climate change affected cold‐specialized species differentially through space and time?
Authors: Schoville Sean D. , Bougie Tierney C. , Dudko Roman Y. , Medeiros Matthew J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractQuaternary climate change has been strongly linked to distributional shifts and recent species diversification. Montane species, in particular, have experienced enhanced isolation and rapid genetic divergence during glacial fluctuations, and these processes have resulted in a disproportionate number of neo‐endemic species forming in high‐elevation habitats. In temperate montane environments, a general model of alpine population history is well supported, where cold‐specialized species track favourable climate conditions downslope during glacial episodes and upslope during warmer interglacial periods, which leads to a climate‐driven population or species diversification pump. However, it remains unclear how geography mediates distributional changes and whether certain episodes of glacial history have differentially impacted rates of diversification. We address these questions by examining phylogenomic data in a North American clade of flightless, cold‐specialized insects, the ice crawlers (Insecta: Grylloblattodea: Grylloblattidae: Grylloblatta). These low‐vagility organisms have the potential to reveal highly localized refugia and patterns of spatial recolonization, as well as a longer history of in situ diversification. Using continuous phylogeographic analysis of species groups, we show that all species tend to retreat to nearby low‐elevation habitats across western North America during episodes of glaciation, but species at high latitude exhibit larger distributional shifts. Lineage diversification was examined over the course of the Neogene and Quaternary periods, with statistical analysis supporting a direct association between climate variation and diversification rate. Major increases in lineage diversification appear to be correlated with warm and dry periods, rather than with extreme glacial events. Finally, we identify substantial cryptic diversity among ice crawlers, leading to high endemism across their range. This diversity provides new insights into highly localized glacial refugia for cold‐specialized species across western North America.
Conference report: International Haemovigilance Seminar and the SHOT Annual Symposium, 10–12 July 2018
Authors: Bolton‐Maggs P.H.B. 
Published: December 2018

SUMMARYThe Annual SHOT Report was published on July 12 at the Annual Symposium. This was preceded by a 2‐day meeting of the International Haemovigilance Network (IHN). The IHN meeting provides an opportunity for haemovigilance experts to network with one another and share presentations, which this year included those from China and Taiwan. Reviews of pulmonary complications were highlighted since the definitions of both transfusion‐related acute lung injury and transfusion‐associated circulatory overload are undergoing revision. The seminar provided an opportunity to present some UK data to an international group (the INTERVAL donor study, the value of big data and work on genomics and human factors).SHOT reports for incidents reported in 2017 demonstrate that, overall, 85·5% are caused by errors. Key recommendations from SHOT are: (i) All staff involved in transfusion must be trained in and know ABO group compatibility. Clinical staff must not just rely on the laboratory staff to get this right. (ii) IT systems have the potential to increase transfusion safety by minimising human factors and should be considered for all transfusion steps. (iii) A formal risk assessment for transfusion‐associated circulatory overload should be undertaken wherever possible.
Evaluating safety and cost‐effectiveness of platelets stored in additive solution (PAS‐F) as a hemolysis risk mitigation strategy
Authors: Pagano Monica B. , Katchatag Brennan L. , Khoobyari Shiva , Van Gerwen Mark , Sen Nina , Rebecca Haley N. , Gernsheimer Terry B. , Hess John R. , Metcalf Ryan A. 
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUNDPlatelet inventory constraints can result in minor ABO incompatibility and possible hemolysis. The aims of this study were to determine the reduction of isoagglutinin in titers of platelets stored in additive solution (PAS) and compare its safety, efficiency, and cost‐effectiveness with full‐volume and plasma‐reduced platelets.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSIsoagglutinin titers were performed in paired whole blood donor samples and apheresis platelets collected in PAS (PAS‐PLT) aliquot samples by the tube method.RESULTSA total of 149 pairs of donor/platelet samples were tested: 75 group O, 59 group A, and 15 group B. For group O donor samples, the median anti‐A IgG and IgM were 64 and 16, respectively, and the median anti‐B IgG and IgM were 64 and 16, respectively. For group O PAS‐PLT samples the mean anti‐A IgG and IgM, and anti‐B IgG and IgM were 32 and 8, and 16 and 8, respectively. For group A donor samples, the mean anti‐B IgG and IgM was 8 in both cases; and both titers decreased to 2 in PAS‐PLT. For group B donor samples, mean anti‐A IgG and IgM was 16 in both cases; and both titers decreased to 4 in PAS‐PLT. PAS‐PLT demonstrated a net reduction in cost and improved efficiency when compared to plasma reduction. The use of PAS‐PLT resulted in a 40% reduction of allergic transfusion reactions.CONCLUSIONThe use of PAS decreases plasma isoagglutinin titers, transfusion reactions, and is cost‐effective when compared to routine plasma reduction as a strategy to mitigate hemolysis risk from minor incompatible platelet transfusion.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Johnson Patricia 
Published: December 2018

Studies in Media and Communication (SMC) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether SMC publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 6, Number 2 Andreas Veglis, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GreeceAslı Sezgin, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, TurkeyBernard Naledzani Rasila, University of Venda, South AfricaCamelia Cmeciu, Danubius University of Galati, RomaniaDiego Santos Vieira de Jesus, International Relations, BrazilGholamreza Azarbouyehdinaki, Shiraz Art University, AustraliaJavier Serrano Puche, University of Navarra, SpainMaría José Serrano, Universidad de La Laguna, SpainNuran E. Isik, Izmir University of Economics, TurkeyRefat Aljumily, Newcastle University, UKYoung Joon Lim, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, USAYuan Gao, Curtin University, Australia Patricia JohnsonEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Studies in Media and CommunicationRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://smc.redfame.com
Risk factors for mental workload: influence of the working environment, cardiovascular health and lifestyle. A cross-sectional study
Authors: López-López María Luisa , Balanza-Galindo Serafín , Vera-Catalán Tomás , Gallego-Gómez Juana Inés , Rodríguez González-Moro María Teresa , Rivera-Caravaca José Miguel , Simonelli-Muñoz Agustín Javier 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesMental workload is a condition which can negatively influence the overall health of workers. In this study, we aimed to investigate the risk factors for the onset of mental workload, including working conditions, cardiovascular comorbidities and lifestyle habits, in a working population.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study including 408 workers from a risk prevention service of small/medium companies in Murcia (Spain). Workers from the secondary and tertiary sectors or primary/secondary sectors with administrative management tasks who underwent a routine medical examination between 1 January 2017 and 31 April 2017 were included. Workers from the primary sector and construction were excluded to avoid a sex and age bias.ResultsFrom 408 workers, 206 (50.5%) were females; with mean age 36.8±10.4 years. 164 (40.2%) workers had a moderate to significant risk of mental workload. Based on multivariate logistic regression analyses, independent predictors of mental workload were age ≥30 years (OR 2.42, 95% CI 1.22 to 4.80; p=0.012), working in tertiary (OR 7.89, 95% CI 3.59 to 17.31; p<0.001) or administrative sectors (OR 87.57, 95% CI 35.22 to 217.79; p<0.001) and alcohol consumption (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.16 to 3.73; p=0.014). Smoking habit (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.85; p=0.012) was found as a protective variable so non-smoking was considered as a risk factor.ConclusionIn the present study from a risk prevention service including workers of small/medium companies from the secondary and tertiary sectors and workers with administrative tasks, the labour sector, age, alcohol consumption and smoking habits, are independently associated with a higher risk of developing moderate to significant mental workload.
Comparison of the efficacy and safety of drug therapies for macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Qian Tianwei , Zhao Mengya , Wan Yongjing , Li MengXiao , Xu Xun 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents and corticosteroids for the treatment of macular oedema (ME) secondary to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO).DesignSystematic review and network meta-analysis.ParticipantsPatients from previously reported randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing anti-VEGF and corticosteroids for the treatment of ME secondary to CRVO.MethodsLiterature searches were conducted using PubMed, Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library and clinicaltrials.gov until March 2017. Therapeutic effects were estimated using the proportions of patients gaining/losing ≥15 letters, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT). Treatment safety was estimated using the proportions of adverse events, namely increased intraocular pressure (IOP), cataracts, vitreous haemorrhage (VH) and retinal tear. The software ADDIS (V.1.16.8) was used for analysis. Treatment effect and safety of different drugs could be ranked based on simulation.ResultsEleven RCTs comprising 2060 patients were identified. Regarding patients gaining ≥15 letters, aflibercept and ranibizumab were significantly more effective than sham/placebo at 6 months. Regarding patients losing ≥15 letters at 6 months, ranibizumab showed significant improvement compared with dexamethasone. Aflibercept, bevacizumab or ranibizumab showed greater improvements in BCVA than sham/placebo at 6 months. Intravitreal ranibizumab injection demonstrated greater CRT reduction than both sham and dexamethasone did. Dexamethasone had a higher risk of increased IOP than aflibercept and ranibizumab. Ranibizumab demonstrated a greater risk of cataracts than dexamethasone. Aflibercept and ranibizumab demonstrated low incidence of VH and retinal tear, respectively. Aflibercept had a slight advantage over ranibizumab as assessed by benefit–risk analysis.ConclusionsAnti-VEGF agents have advantages in the treatment of ME secondary to CRVO. Aflibercept and ranibizumab showed marked BCVA improvement and CRT reduction. Aflibercept may have a slight advantage over ranibizumab. The results of this study can serve as a reference for clinicians to provide patient-tailored treatment.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017064076.
Protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of treatment success rate among adult patients with tuberculosis in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Izudi Jonathan , Semakula Daniel , Sennono Richard , Tamwesigire Imelda K , Bajunirwe Francis 
Published: December 2018

IntroductionTuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of mortality globally. Despite being curable, treatment success rates (TSRs) among adult patients with bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB (BC-PTB) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) differ considerably. This protocol documents and presents an explicit plan of a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarise TSR among adult patients with BC-PTB in SSA.Methods and analysisTwo reviewers will search and extract data from MEDLINE, EMBASE, Ovid, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and Web of Science electronic databases. Observational and interventional studies published between 1 July 2008 and 30 June 2018, involving adult patients with BC-PTB will be eligible. Data abstraction disagreements will be resolved by consensus with a third reviewer, while percentage agreement computed with kappa statistics. TSR will be computed with Metaprop, a Stata command for pooling proportions using DerSimonian and Laird random effects model and presented in a forest plot with corresponding 95% CIs. Heterogeneity between included studies will be assessed with Cochran’s Q test and quantified with I-squared values. Publication bias will be evaluated with funnel plots and tested with Egger’s weighted regression. Time trends in TSR will be calculated with cumulative meta-analysis.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical approval will be needed because data from previous published studies in which informed consent was obtained by primary investigators will be retrieved and analysed. We will prepare a manuscript for publication in a peer-reviewed journal and present the results at conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018099151.