bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementing IOGP 423 - HSE Management Guidelines for Working together in a Contract Environment
Authors: Iversen L. , Faugstad O. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Contractor HSE Management is a vital process and aligning our efforts is a benefit to all.
The 2017 IOGP guide for HSE management throughout a contract lifecycle (IOGP Report 423) place further emphasis on the collaboration between clients and contractors, and their respective responsibilities – including subcontracting; and focus on risk management and assurance mechanisms.
Since the publication of 423, an IOGP taskforce has been working on materials to support and facilitate implementation in the Oil & Gas and Energy industry, and to assist with coordination and facilitation of local country implementation workshops. Norwegian members in the taskforce, agreed to pilot the Norwegian implementation.
This paper summarizes the material prepared by the taskforce for global implementation, and the planning and key learnings from the Norwegian implementation efforts. Our experience is that stakeholder management requires special attention. In addition, we discuss the specific challenges in the Norwegian context, such as tripartite collaboration and language. This experience is worth sharing for a successful implementation in other countries.
The paper also gives some insight into the IOGP guidance content and purpose, supporting contractor HSE management throughout the contracting lifecycle. We will discuss how the IOGP Report 423 provides a risk-based approach, aiming to improve contractor HSE management in alignment with the current Operating Management System (OMS) framework. We discuss the way forward, and propose how an implementation plan can be developed, including; use of the methodology, carry out capability assessments, establish contract requirements and assess and plan training.
This paper concludes that the use of IOGP taskforce practical implementation guidance on various 423 topics, will eventually lead to clients and contractors working together, and help to meet the vision that the industry implements and use the 423 guidance with minimum deviations, hence working more safely and saving millions. the IOGP Taskforce agreed not only to deliver the updated guidance, but also paid special attention and time on implementation. However, the implementation journey has proved to be demanding, as you can read throughout this paper.
Sustainable Corrective Actions - Is SMART Good Enough?
Authors: Perkinson Larry 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Objective
The acronym, SMART, has long been used as a measure of quality for recommendations, not only within the context of incident investigations, but in audits or general problem solving methodologies. This presentation explores the applicability of SMART and how a more sustainable method must be employed to ensure recommendations for significant incidents are not only effective, but designed to integrate with existing systems and include validation KPIs to track their implementation.

Methods & Procedures
The use of the SMART acronym was reviewed in the context of more recent research. While the components of SMART remain important, even recommendations that meet SMART requirements are often subject to failure for many reasons. Many companies fail to tie identified root causes directly to the recommendation that is supposed to address them. A format was developed, along with investigation quality assurance processes, that require the basis for the root cause (the finding that produced it) to be directly addressed by the recommendation.Recommendations often address only local failures (this department, this rig, this platform, this incident, etc.). The format also requires asking key questions to determine if the root cause is "generic" in nature and should be expanded to address possible wider deficiencies (embedded in the work systems of the organization as a whole).Since a recommendation is simply a form of risk control, a review of the types of risk controls was completed. Then an internal company review was performed to determine the types of systems that were in already place to support similar types of risk controls. From this review a list of risk control assurances was developed with which to integrate and to evaluate each recommendation for sustainability. The likelihood of a recommendation being sustainable could be directly related to the number and level of assurances that were embedded within the recommendation.KPIs that show the percentage of recommendations completed on time are often not indicative of the successful implementation of a recommendation, but simply the desire to "close" the recommendation for the sake of achieving a KPI. A system of KPI validation was developed to address this issue that looks at the success of the recommendation over a period of 18 months to assure sustainability.

Results & Conclusions
While the specific aspects of SMART are still important, even with all the attributes of SMART in place, the model demonstrates how corrective actions/recommendations using only the SMART acronym can still be highly likely to fail. The use of quality assurance processes to review investigation and audit reports and ensure that recommendations address the respective bases for root causes and include risk control assurances has significantly improved the quality and sustainability of recommendations.
Assessment of water demand dynamics in Arror watershed in Elgeyo Marakwet County, Kenya
Authors: Chebet Catherine , Kipkorir Emmanuel C. , Odenyo Victor A. O. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Water scarcity is a serious problem worldwide, which heightens the need to understand watershed dynamics and their impact on water quantity. The study examined water demand using the WEAP (Water Evaluation and Planning) model in the Arror watershed in Kenya. The primary sources of data included remotely sensed data and socio-economic data. The secondary data included climate, river discharge and soil data. Field surveys and questionnaires were used to collect socio-economic data. From the findings, the total annual water allocated (supply) for agriculture, domestic and livestock in the watershed was 10,333,441 m3, with the highest annual consumer being agriculture in the lower part of the catchment at 7,154,457 m3 for the reference scenario (1986–2012). The total mean annual demand for the same period was 10,461,123 m3 and thus a mean annual unmet demand of 127,682 m3. The highest mean monthly unmet water demand was that of agriculture in the lower part of the catchment in January (90,200 m3). Management practices that would enhance the sustainable management of water resources include construction of a reservoir and enforcement of minimum environmental flows maintenance in the river and these are recommended for the Arror watershed.
Detection of Salmonella in the intestine of Hypostomus plecostomus from the upper San Marcos River, Texas
Authors: Gates Anna Y. , Guerra Trina M. , Morrison Fritzina B. , Forstner Michael R. J. , Hardy Thomas B. , Hahn Dittmar 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The prevalence of salmonellae in the intestines of the invasive suckermouth catfish Hypostomus plecostomus was assessed in the San Marcos River, just down-stream of its spring-fed headwaters. In 2014, H. plecostomus, sediment, and water samples were collected during 15 sampling events. A combination of semi-selective enrichment and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) revealed the presence of salmonellae in 45% of the fish intestines across the entire year, with a prevalence range of 13–100% per sampling event. Repetitive element sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) revealed a high diversity of salmonellae from fish intestine samples at individual sampling times, single or multiple presence of rep-PCR patterns and serotypes within individual fish, and identical rep-PCR patterns and serotypes for different fish within and across sampling events. Overall, 15 serotypes were identified by MLST, with a diversity range between one and seven serotypes per sampling event. Some serotypes were retrieved only once, while others were detected more frequently. A few serotypes were retrieved at several sampling times, nearly evenly distributed over the entire sampling period. Prevalence and diversity were independent of precipitation events, indicating the potential presence of environmental strains that are capable of long-term persistence in the environment.
How to make a large nutrient removal plant energy self-sufficient. Latest upgrade of the Vienna Main Wastewater Treatment Plant (VMWWTP)
Authors: Kroiss Helmut , Klager Franz 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The goal of making nutrient removal wastewater treatment energy self-sufficient or even energy producing has become a worldwide accepted goal of technology development. The latest upgrade of the Vienna Main Wastewater Treatment Plant (VMWWTP) with a design capacity of 4 million (M) population equivalent (PE) will produce about 20% more energy on a yearly basis than needed for operation due to a special process scheme. It consists of primary sedimentation, a special 2-stage activated sludge (AS) process configuration where excess sludge is only withdrawn from the first stage AS plant. Raw sludge is subject to mechanical thickening to ∼8% digested sludge (DS) for digestion at high solids concentration. The reject water after nitritation is used for denitritation in the first stage AS plant. This results in markedly reducing the energy requirement for aeration. The design of this last upgrade for energy optimization of sludge treatment is based on the long-term full-scale data from the existing plant, results of mid-term pilot investigations, sound theoretical mass balance calculations and an adapted dynamic model development. All this is presented in this paper. The full-scale upgrade is under construction and will start operating in 2020.
Wastewater management approach in an industrial park
Authors: Liu J. , Tang M. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Many industrial parks adopt a two-tier wastewater management framework whereby tenants and the park are required to build satellite and centralized wastewater treatment facilities, respectively. Due to the diversity of industrial wastewaters, the treatment process scheme in the public centralized wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) may not suit the characteristics of all effluents discharged from the tenants. In consideration of varying wastewater biodegradability, the treatment scheme in a centralized WWTP is advised to install two series of treatment processes. In detail, various effluents from the tenants shall be commingled according to their levels of biodegradability. For the non-biodegradable streams, advanced oxidation processes shall be applied in addition to biological treatments. To facilitate the grouping of effluents, each effluent will be evaluated for its biodegradability. An analytical protocol derived from OECD standard (TG302B) was developed and found effective for biodegradability assessment. A case study is described in this paper to showcase the methodology.
The Effect of Combination Antiretroviral Therapy Use Among HIV Positive Children on the Hazard of AIDS Using Calendar Year as an Instrumental Variable
Authors: Anglemyer Andrew , Sturt Amy , Maldonado Yvonne 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Instrumental variable (IV) analyses are a common causal inference technique
used in the absence of randomized data. Combination Antiretroviral Therapy (cART) was first
introduced in 1996 and calendar periods have been used as a proxy for cART use. However, cART
use misclassification can bias IV analyses.

Objective:
We aim to highlight the differences in the effects of antiretroviral therapy on clinical outcomes
between the applications of traditional and adapted IV analysis techniques.

Methods:
This study includes children with perinatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection
followed from 1988 to 2009. We describe an application of traditional and adapted IV analysis
techniques. Noncompliance adjustments were applied to correct the misclassification of cART-use.
Weighting the inverse probability of calendar era, the selected covariates were performed to control
for variables that may be related to both the IV and outcome.

Results:
During 48,380 person-days, 78 HIV-positive children progressed to an initial stage-3-
defining diagnosis or death. The Intention to Treat (ITT) rate ratio (RR) of stage-3-defining diagnosis
or death comparing the pre-cART and cART eras was estimated at 2·67 (95% confidence interval
(CI): 1·.47, 4·84). The IV estimator was used to adjust for cART use misclassification, yielding an
IV RR of 5·42 (95% CI: 2·99, 9·83). Weighting analyses did not markedly alter the results.

Conclusion:
cART use decreased progression to stage-3-defining diagnosis or death. The use of
noncompliance adjustments for cART misclassification in IV analyses may provide more robust evidence
of cART's effectiveness than traditional ITT analysis.
Anatomical Wrist Patterns on Plain Radiographs
Authors: Kramer Aviv , Allon Raviv , Wolf Alon , Kalimian Tal , Lavi Idit , Wollstein Ronit 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Interpreting the structure in the wrist is complicated by the existence of
multiple joints as well as variability in bone shapes and anatomical patterns. Previous studies have
evaluated lunate and capitate shape in an attempt to understand functional anatomical patterns.

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to describe anatomical shapes and wrist patterns in normal
wrist radiographs. We hypothesized that there is a significant relationship in the midcarpal joint with
at least one consistent pattern of wrist anatomy.

Methods:
Seventy plain posteroanterior (PA) and lateral wrist radiographs were evaluated. These
radiographs were part of a previously established normal database, had all been read by a radiologist
as normal, and had undergone further examination by 2 hand surgeons for quality. Evaluation included:
lunate and capitate shape (type 1 and 2 lunate shape according to the classification system
by Viegas et al.), ulnar variance, radial inclination and height, and volar tilt.

Results:
A significant association was found between lunate and capitate shape using a dichotomal
classification system for both lunate and capitate shapes (p=0.003). Type 1 wrists were defined as
lunate type1and a spherical distal capitate. Type 2 wrists had a lunate type 2 and a flat distal capitate.
No statistically significant associations were detected between these wrist types and measurements
of the radiocarpal joint.

Conclusion:
There was a significant relationship between the bone shapes within the midcarpal
joint. These were not related to radiocarpal anatomical shape. Further study is necessary to better
describe the two types of wrist patterns that were defined and to understand their influence on wrist
biomechanics and pathology.
Degradation Kinetics Study of Anastrozole in Different Conditions by Reverse-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Confirmation of its Major Degradation Product by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Sun Linjia , Sun Xiaoyang , Chen Yu , Wang Binjie , Chen Xiaohui 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Drug stability is essential in the process of drug production, storage, appliance,
and so on. Some drugs’ degradation products may even have a toxic side effect, which can result in
safety risks and economic losses. Therefore, it is very imperative to develop a suitable stability indicating
an analytical method for anastrozole which could be used for stability testing, routine and in-process
quality control analysis or other further studies.

Methods:
A reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated
for the degradation kinetics study of anastrozole, a selective non-steroid third-generation aromatase
inhibitor, which would provide a basis for further studies on anastrozole. The degradation product
was confirmed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry.

Results:
Results showed that the degradation behavior of anastrozole followed first-order kinetics in
different temperatures, pH values and oxidation conditions. It was suggested that the degradation behavior
of anastrozole was pH-dependent and it’s more stable at lower pH values.

Conclusion:
A high performance liquid chromatography method was established and used to determine
the residual concentration of anastrozole in this study. It was found that the degradation behavior of
anastrozole followed first-order kinetics at different temperatures, pH values and oxidation conditions.
According to the results, the degradation of anastrozole was found to be pH-dependent and it is more
unstable in alkaline conditions. The information of degradation kinetics will be useful for understanding
the chemical stability of anastrozole and provide a reference for the further preparation research and
clinical therapy of anastrozole.
Comparative Study on Knowledge About Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Paediatric and Psychiatric Nurses in Public Hospitals in Kumasi, Ghana
Authors: Sampson Wireko-Gyebi , Sandra Ashiagbor Emelia 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Despite the existence of autism spectrum disorder in Ghana, few studies have provided the necessary information on the phenomenon. These studies have mostly focused on speech and language therapy for children and modification of classroom environment for children with autism spectrum disorder. This approach has resulted in a paucity of knowledge on nurse’s knowledge of autism spectrum disorder in Ghana.

Objective:
The study sought to assess the knowledge of paediatric and psychiatric on autism spectrum disorder.

Method:
In this study, 130 paediatric and 93 psychiatric nurses sampled from five public hospitals in the Kumasi Metropolis participated in the survey. The Knowledge about Childhood Autism among Health Workers (KCAHW) questionnaire was employed to assess their knowledge of autism spectrum disorder.

Results:
It emerged from the study that psychiatric nurses were more knowledgeable on autism spectrum disorder than paediatric nurses in general and specifically on each of the four domains on the KCAHW questionnaire. However, the level of knowledge on autism spectrum disorder among both groups of nurses remains low. Apart from the previous encounter, there were no significant differences between paediatric and psychiatric nurses’ gender, age, marital status, working experience and their knowledge.

Conclusion:
In view of the findings, it will be appropriate for autism spectrum disorder to be included in the clinical training curriculum as well as the continuous professional education for both paediatric and psychiatric nurses. This will go a long way in helping paediatric and psychiatric nurses to increase their knowledge of autism spectrum disorder.
Management of Cervically Fractured Central Incisors: A Multidisciplinary Approach
Authors: Rajan Rakesh. R. , Muddappa Sapna Chandira , Rajendran Priya , Sukumaran Nair Ashok 
Published: April 2018

Introduction:Fracture of tooth structure at or below the gingival margin compromises rehabilitation and hampers esthetics and function.Management:Management of such cases by a post-core and crown restoration, or periodontal surgery or orthodontic extrusion alone may not always suffice in attaining a good result.Case Report:A multi-disciplinary approach which includes all of the above mentioned procedures helps in long term success.Conclusion:Careful case evaluation, treatment planning and meticulous attention to detail are the keys to the best treatment outcome.
A Mini Review of Using the Oralift Appliance and a Pilot Study to See if 3D Imaging Techniques Could Improve Outcomes
Authors: Mohindra N. K. 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Occlusal appliances of various designs have been described in the literature. They usually have to be worn for substantial periods including night time to have the desired effect for which they are designed. The Oralift® appliance has been designed to address the signs of facial ageing and to help stop parafunctional habits. The appliance is based on the principles of the pivot appliance and is worn for very short periods, never at night and not even every day. The maximum usage recommended is two hours every third day.

Objective:
This is a review of five patients who have been treated with Oralift® with the aim of assessing whether the visual changes seen by wearing the appliance can be quantified by changes in volume as measured by 3D Imaging, and if this quantification could be useful in improving the outcomes for each patient.

Methods:
The patients were fitted with the appliances in general practice, and 2D images were taken before, during and after treatment. Afterwards, the patient attended King’s College London, to have 3D imaging.

Results:
3D imaging has been proved far superior to standardized 2D photography in assessing the changes taking place on the face, and helped quantify the volume changes.

Conclusion:
To further improve the outcome for each patient, the 3D imaging should be done before the visit to the practitioner or ideally by the practitioner so that the results could be assessed, and the treatment adjusted accordingly. The implication of the volume changes requires a much larger study.
Etiological Trends and Patterns of Antimicrobial Resistance in Respiratory Infections
Authors: Ahmed Salma M. Al-Zain , Abdelrahman Sara S. , Saad Doua M. , Osman Isra S. , Osman Modasir G. , Khalil Eltahir A. G. 
Published: April 2018

Background:Respiratory infections are one of the commonest causes of morbidity and mortality related to infectious diseases worldwide. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance is a major global health problem which is well established in developing countries. Good clinical suspicion and correct laboratory identification of respiratory infection causing organisms followed by the appropriate management are needed to compact both community-acquired and nosocomial infection respiratory infections.Objectives:A retrospective study was carried out to elucidate the etiology of respiratory infections in Sudan, as well as to guide the physician to the best antimicrobial alternatives used in the treatment of respiratory infection.Method:Respiratory isolates that have been morphologically identified and biologically characterized were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing.Results:A total of 1481 respiratory specimens were examined, recovering 377 organisms from 350 culture positive samples [225(59.7%) sputum, 94(24.9%) broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL), 58(15.4%) Pleural fluid], the commonest organisms wereKlebsiella ssp. (25.20%) andmycobacterium tuberculosis(25.20%), followed byStaphylococcus aureus(19.89%) andPseudomonas aeruginosa(8.49%). High rate of resistance of bacterial isolates was observed to Co-trimoxazole (BA), Ampicillin sulbactam (AS), Cefotaxime (CF) and Tetracycline (TE), being 80%, 72.3%, 68.8% and 66.9% respectively; on the other hand, very low resistance rate was found to Amikacin (AK) and Levofloxacin (LE), being 4.6% and 8.5%, respectively.Conclusion:Guided prescription of antimicrobial agents must be implemented and controlled to limit further spread of antimicrobial resistance.