bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D bioprinted glioma cell‐laden scaffolds enriching glioma stem cells via epithelial–mesenchymal transition
Authors: Wang Xuanzhi , Dai Xingliang , Zhang Xinzhi , Ma Cheng , Li Xinda , Xu Tao , Lan Qing 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGlioma stem cells (GSCs) are thought to be the root cause of tumor recurrence and drug resistance in glioma patients. In‐depth study of GSCs is of great significance for developing the treatment strategies of glioma. Unfortunately, it is difficult and takes complicated process to obtain GSCs. Therefore, establishing an ideal in vitro model for enriching GSCs will greatly promote the study of GSCs. In this study, the stemness properties of glioma cells were enhanced in three‐dimensional (3D) bioprinted tumor model. Furthermore, the possible molecular mechanism of GSCs enrichment: epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) was explored. Compared with two‐dimensional cultured cells, the proportion of GSCs and EMT‐related genes in 3D cultured cells were significantly increased. Moreover, the 3D cultured glioma cells with improved stemness properties resulted in higher drug resistance in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo. Taken together, 3D bioprinted glioma cell‐laden scaffold provides a proper platform for the enrichment of GSCs and it is expected to further promote the research on glioma drug resistance. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 383–391, 2019.
Close correlation between hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome—Based on liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry measurements
Authors: Yang Yabo , Ding Miao , Di Na , Azziz Ricardo , Yang Dongzi , Zhao Xiaomiao 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundTo investigate the correlation between hyperandrogenism (HA) and insulin resistance (IR) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) by measuring serum total testosterone (TT) using a liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry assay (LC‐MS/MS).MethodsThis cohort study included 332 patients with PCOS, 63 patients with IR and 276 with controls. TT levels were measured by LC‐MS/MS and chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA); glucose and insulin levels were determined by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).ResultsCompared with CLIA, LC‐MS/MS differentiated more cases with high TT levels among the non‐PCOS subjects with IR In patients with PCOS, LC‐MS/MS‐based TT levels or a combination with the mFG score detected a significantly higher incidence of HA in subjects with IR identified by hyperinsulinemia (HIN), HOMA‐IR or impaired fasting glucose (IFG) than in those without IR Conversely, the IR rates demonstrated by HIN, HOMA‐IR, or IFG were remarkably higher in the LC‐MS/MS‐defined high TT subgroup than in the normal TT subgroup. However, the CLIA platform could not discern a difference in HA incidence between IR and non‐IR subgroups or in IR rate between high and normal TT populations. ROC curves also proved that HIN, HOMA‐IR, and IFG were positive contributors to HA as measured by LC‐MS/MSConclusionsThe correlation between HA and IR has always been underestimated, partly owing to the less accurate methods previously used to measure TT. HIN, HOMA‐IR, and IFG are likely to contribute to the development of HA from a clinical perspective.
Recombinant streptavidin fusion proteins as signal reporters in rapid test of human hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Zhou Shengliang , Cao Shinian , Ma Guoliang , Ding Tielin , Mu Jingjing , Han Weilu , Sun Dongxu , Chen Caifa 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundEarly diagnosis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is very important for the treatment of the disease. Development of sensitive and specific rapid detection assays is of great significance for the diagnosis. Here, we describe a promising method of using gold‐labeled streptavidin fusion proteins as novel signal reporter in a rapid detection assay for HCV infection.MethodsRecombinant genes encoding streptavidin fused with Escherichia coli maltose‐binding protein (MBP) or with a portion of bacterial translational initiation factor 2 were cloned in expression vectors pMAL‐5CX and pET28 and transformed in proper Escherichia coli host strains. The genes were induced and streptavidin fusion proteins, named M‐STV and IF‐STV, respectively, were purified by affinity chromatography to over 90% purity. The biotin‐binding activity of M‐STV and IF‐STV was tested by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). M‐STV was labeled with colloidal gold nanoparticles and used as a signal reporter to develop a lateral flow‐based rapid test for detecting anti‐HCV antibodies in human blood samples.ResultsM‐STV showed slightly higher biotin‐binding activity and similar binding specificity as compared to commercial streptavidin. The gold‐labeled M‐STV bound specifically to biotin moieties immobilized on the rapid test strips in a dose‐responsive manner and was successfully used in detecting HCV antibodies in serum samples of patients infected with HCV. The rapid test displayed higher detection sensitivity than gold‐labeled commercial NeutrAvidin.ConclusionOur results indicate that gold‐labeled M‐STV is a promising agent in rapid tests of HCV infection and possibly other viral infections.
Tumor suppressors BTG1 and BTG2: Beyond growth control
Authors: Yuniati Laurensia , Scheijen Blanca , van der Meer Laurens T. , van Leeuwen Frank N. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSince the identification of B‐cell translocation gene 1 (BTG1) and BTG2 as antiproliferation genes more than two decades ago, their protein products have been implicated in a variety of cellular processes including cell division, DNA repair, transcriptional regulation and messenger RNA stability. In addition to affecting differentiation during development and in the adult, BTG proteins play an important role in maintaining homeostasis under conditions of cellular stress. Genomic profiling of B‐cell leukemia and lymphoma has put BTG1 and BTG2 in the spotlight, since both genes are frequently deleted or mutated in these malignancies, pointing towards a role as tumor suppressors. Moreover, in solid tumors, reduced expression of BTG1 or BTG2 is often correlated with malignant cell behavior and poor treatment outcome. Recent studies have uncovered novel roles for BTG1 and BTG2 in genotoxic and integrated stress responses, as well as during hematopoiesis. This review summarizes what is currently known about the roles of BTG1 and BTG2 in these and other cellular processes. In addition, we will highlight the molecular mechanisms and biological consequences of BTG1 and BTG2 deregulation during cancer progression and elaborate on the potential clinical implications of these findings.
Sensilla on six olfactory organs of male Eogystia hippophaecolus (Lepidoptera: Cossidae)
Authors: Hu Ping , Gao Chenglong , Tao Jing , Lu Pengfei , Luo Youqing , Ren Lili 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEogystia hippophaecolus (Hua et al.) is an important boring pest that primarily damages sea buckthorn, causing large ecological and economic damages in China. In this study, we used scanning electron microscopy to investigate the sensilla on six olfactory tissues of male E. hippophaecolus: antennae, labial palps, external genitals, propodeum, mesopodium, and metapedes. On the antennae, two types of sensillum trichodea, two types of sensillum basiconica, a type of sensillum coeloconica, and Böhm's bristles were found. The labial palps had sensilla trichodea and chaetica. On the external genitals, three types of sensilla trichodea were the only sensilla. Böhm bristles were found on the base of the tibia and at the terminus of the tarsus. Most sensilla were distributed on the tarsus of the three pairs of legs, and notably, a majority of which were sensilla trichodea and sensilla chaetica, were on the pretarsus and telotarsus of the three pairs of legs. In this study, the distribution, number, type, and morphology of the sensilla on six olfactory organs of E. hippophaecolus were determined, which established the foundation for a future immunohistochemical search of olfactory proteins.Research highlightsEogystia hippophaecolus is a serious pest of seabuckthorn. The distribution, number, type, and morphology of olfactory sensilla of E. hippophaecolus are determined. The function and distribution of sensilla are compared with those of other insects.
Effects of a potentially erosive antiasthmatic medicine on the enamel and dentin of primary teeth: An in situ study
Authors: Scatena Camila , de Mesquita‐Guimarães Késsia Suênia Fidelis , Galafassi Daniel , Palma‐Dibb Regina Guenka , Borsatto Maria Cristina , Serra Mônica Campos 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study evaluates, in situ, the effect of an anti‐asthmatic medicine on the enamel and dentin of primary teeth. Twenty‐eight specimens of enamel and dentin were prepared, selected, sterilized, and stored. Microhardness, microscopic morphology, and initial surface roughness were evaluated. Fourteen volunteers wore palatal devices containing two dentin specimens and two enamel specimens. Volunteers underwent surface treatment three times a day for 5 days, with the dripping of 5 ml of salbutamol sulfate for 1 min, only on specimens from one side of the device. At the end of the experiment the microscopic morphology, roughness, surface loss, and microhardness were ascertained. For enamel surfaces exposed to the medicine, erosion was observed in the microscopy images, along with a significant increase in roughness (p = .0325) and tissue loss (p = .03251) and a significant decrease in microhardness (p = .0325). For the dentin surfaces, erosion was observed in the microscopy images, but there was no significant increase in roughness (p = .593) or tissue loss (p = .285) nor any decrease in microhardness (p = .1088). In conclusion, the salbutamol sulfate had an in situ erosive effect on primary teeth enamel and this effect was observed morphologically on primary dentin.Research HighlightsAsthma is considered a global health problem, and its prevalence has increased in many countries, especially among children, as well as dental erosion. This study has clinical relevance because provides data on the erosive effect of a commonly prescribed anti asthmatic drug on deciduous teeth.
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Light Microscopy (LM)‐based Palyno‐morphological views of Solanaceae in Western Himalaya
Authors: Kayani Sadaf , Hussain Manzoor , Ahmad Mushtaq , Zafar Muhammad , Sultana Shazia , Butt Maryam Akram , Ali Shaukat , Shah Ghulam Mujtaba , Mir Sehrosh 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this study, plants belonging to family Solanaceae growing in Western Himalaya region have been observed palynologically under Light Microscope and Scanning electron microscope. Present investigation comprises of 10 genera and 23 species, namely, Atropa acuminata, Capsicum decoraticus, Capsicum frutescens, Cestrum aurantiacum, Cestrum diurnum, Cestrum nocturnum, Datura alba, Datura innoxia, Datura stramonium, Hyoscymus niger, Lycopersicon esculentum, Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana tabacum, Petunia alba, Petunia hybrida, Solanum erianthum, Solanum melongena, Solanum miniatum, Solanum pseudocapsicum, Solanum surratense, Solanum tuberosum, Withania coagulans, Withania somnifera. Solanaceae is a eurypalynous family. Grains are usually Tricolporate and Tetracolporate, radially symmetrical, isopolar, prolate‐spheroidal to oblate‐spheroidal to oblate‐spheroidal to subprolate to per prolate or suboblate to oblate, size range: 8.55–72 μm, amb circular, semi‐angular or subangular, aperture drop‐type, labrum common‐type, exine usually 2 μm thick, nexine 1–1.5 μm thick. Tectum usually psilate, sexine reticulate, granulate or striato‐reticulate, with obscure pattern, sexine 1–2 μm thick, nexine 1–1.5 μm thick, and intine 0.5–1 μm thick. Most striking variation has been found in the shape class, aperture‐type, and tectal surface. Based on these characters, taxonomic keys have been made for correct identification of members in Solanaceae. However, the grains of this family are usually tricolporate and have direct relationship with certain members of the family Scrophulariaceae.Palyno‐morphological characters of family Solanaceae have been studied for the first time in Western Himalayan region of Pakistan. These palyno‐morphological characters are significant for identification of the members of family Solanaceae.
Micromorphological observation of seed coat of Eucalyptus species (Myrtaceae) using scanning electron microscopy technique
Authors: Luqman Muhammad , Zafar Muhammad , Ahmad Mushtaq , Ozturk Munir , Sultana Shazia , Alam Fakhre , Ullah Farhat 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSeed shape, surface cells shape, arrangement, anticlinal wall pattern, and periclinal wall protuberances were recorded for nine species of Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) using scanning electron microscopy to determine the importance of seed morphological characters as an additional tool for identification. Most of the seeds were found ovate and some seeds were elliptic and cuboid in shape. Almost reticulate regular seed surface patterns were observed. Four types of surface cells were examined; diamond, elliptic, oblong, and irregular. Majority of the seeds showed raised anticlinal wall level and diversity from wavy to puzzle in pattern. Periclinal wall may be glabrous or having protuberances that were rhombus and bullate in shape. Both macro‐ and micromorphological characters can provide basis for classification and delimitation of genus Eucalyptus.Research highlights

Seeds quantitative characters of nine Eucalyptus species as seed length, width, and weight.
Macromorphological characters of seeds including seed color, helium position, and seed shape.
Micromorphological characters include seed surface, periclinal wall, and anticlinal wall investigation under scanning electron microscope.
Ultra‐seed sculpturing features as an additional tool in identification.
Characterization of ligature‐induced experimental periodontitis
Authors: de Molon Rafael Scaf , Park Chan Ho , Jin Qiming , Sugai Jim , Cirelli Joni Augusto 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe sought to better characterize the progression of periodontal tissue breakdown in rats induced by a ligature model of experimental periodontal disease (PD). A total of 60 male Sprague–Dawley rats were evenly divided into an untreated control group and a PD group induced by ligature bilaterally around first and second maxillary molars. Animals were sacrificed at 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 21 days after the induction of PD. Alveolar bone loss was evaluated by histomorphometry and microcomputed tomography (μCT). The immune‐inflammatory process in the periodontal tissue was assessed using descriptive histologic analysis and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). This ligature model resulted in significant alveolar bone loss and increased inflammatory process of the periodontal tissues during the initial periods of evaluation (0–14 days). A significant increase in the gene expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and proteins involved in osteoclastogenesis, receptor activator of nuclear factor‐k B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) was observed in the first week of analysis. In the later periods of evaluation (14–21 days), no significant alterations were noted with regard to inflammatory processes, bone resorption, and expression of cytokine genes. The ligature‐induced PD model resulted in progressive alveolar bone resorption with two different phases: Acute (0–14 days), characterized by inflammation and rapid bone resorption, and chronic (14–21 days) with no significant progression of bone loss. Furthermore, the gene expressions of IL‐6, IL‐1β, TNF‐α, RANKL, and OPG were highly increased during the progress of PD in the early periods.Research Highlights

Ligature‐induced bone resorption in rats occurred in the initial periods after disease induction
The bone resorption was characterized by two distinct phases: Acute (0–14 days), with pronounced inflammation and alveolar bone loss
Chronic phase (14–21 days): No further disease progression
Several pro‐inflammatory cytokines were increased during the progress of periodontitis
Studies on the complementary relationship of surface ornamentations between megaspores and microspores of Selaginella P. Beauv. (Selaginellaceae)
Authors: Wang Lijuan , Zhang Xianchun , Liu Jiaxi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn the present study, the surface ornamentations of both megaspores and microspores of 20 species of Selaginella were studied using scanning electron microscopy. The results of the present study showed that the megaspore surface ornamentations are complementary to the corresponding microspore surface ornamentations. In detail, reticulate surface ornamentation of megaspores is complementary to granulate and baculate ornamentations of microspores; verrucate ornamentation of megaspores is complementary to scabrate ornamentation of microspores; granulate ornamentation of megaspores is complementary to verrucate–rugulate or verrucate ornamentations of microspores; verrucate–rugulate ornamentation of megaspores is complementary to spinulate, verrucate, or verrucate–rugulate ornamentations of microspores; tuberculate ornamentation of megaspores is complementary to lamellate, tuberculate or verrucate ornamentations of microspores. Complementary ornamentation between megaspores and microspores allows microspores to adhere to megaspores. Our observations support the “synaptospory” hypothesis, that is, spore surface ornamentation plays a part in keeping or bringing spores together during their dispersal in the pteridophytes.
Robert Owen, utopian socialism and social transformation
Authors: Rogers Chris 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper critically scrutinizes accounts of Robert Owen’s life and works focusing on his purported “utopianism” and his supposedly deficient “socialism.” It suggests that such positions have relied on questionable assertions about the potential of particular modes of social transformation, and a failure to acknowledge the distinction Owen makes between the practical arrangements necessary to begin the process of transformation, and those arrangements that would ultimately prevail in “the new moral world.” It also argues that such accounts may contribute to the development of fatalistic narratives surrounding cooperative values and projects involving strategic compromise. In response, the paper reconsiders the significance of Owen through the lens of a “strategic presentism” that considers how Owen’s ideas can be thought of as significant contributions to theorizing social transformation.
Spermatogenesis in the deep‐sea brachiopod Pelagodiscus atlanticus and the phylogenetic significance of spermatozoon structure
Authors: Temereva Elena N. , Kuzmina Tatyana V. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDetails of spermatogenesis and sperm organization are often useful for reconstructing the phylogeny of closely related groups of invertebrates. Development in general and gametogenesis in particular usually differ in shallow water and deep‐sea invertebrates. Here, the spermatogenesis and ultrastructure of sperm were studied in the deep‐sea brachiopod Pelagodiscus atlanticus. The testes of P. atlanticus are voluminous sacs located along the lateral sides of the body. Germ cells develop around the blood capillaries, contact the basal lamina, and contain germ plasm, numerous mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, lipid droplets, and centrioles of the rudimentary cilium. During spermatogenesis, several proacrosomal vesicles appear at the posterior pole of the cell; these vesicles then fuse and migrate to the anterior pole. The spermatozoon has a head with an acrosome, nucleus, eight mitochondria, proximal and distal centrioles orthogonally arranged, and a long tail. Comparative analysis suggests that the spermatozoon of P. atlanticus can be considered the most ancestral among all brachiopods. Such an organization indicates that fertilization is external in this deep‐sea species. Spermatozoa of other brachiopods should be regarded as derived from this ancestral type. The transformation of brachiopod spermatozoa might have occurred in three different ways that correspond to the three main clades of recent brachiopods: Linguliformea, Craniiformea, and Rhynchonelliformea.
Mechanoreceptive sensillum fields at the tarsal tip of insect legs
Authors: Joel Anna‐Christin , Adamova Hana , Bräunig Peter 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGroups of mechanoreceptive sensilla form small sensory fields on the ventral rim of the most distal tarsomeres in insects. Within these fields two or three sensilla are located closely together. Anterior and posterior fields are found in all three pairs of legs with only a few exceptions. The composition, exact location, and morphology of the fields were studied in representative species of several insect orders using light and scanning electron microscopy. There was no obvious correlation between field morphology and insect phylogenetic relationships.
Role of resting state MRI temporal latency in refractory pediatric extratemporal epilepsy lateralization
Authors: Shah Manish N. , Nguyen Ryan D. , Pao Ludovic P. , Zhu Liang , CreveCoeur Travis S. , Mitra Anish , Smyth Matthew D. 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundPediatric epilepsy affects 0.5–1% of children, with 10–30% of these children refractory to medical anticonvulsant therapy and potentially requiring surgical intervention. Analysis of resting state functional MRI (rsMRI) signal temporal differences (latency) has been proposed to study the pathological cognitive processes.Purpose/HypothesisTo quantitatively and qualitatively analyze the correlation of rsMRI signal latency to pediatric refractory extratemporal epilepsy seizure foci lateralization.Study TypeRetrospective review.PopulationWith Institutional Review Board approval, rsMRI and anatomical MRI scans were obtained from 38 registered pediatric epilepsy surgery patients from Washington University and 259 healthy control patients from the ADHD‐200 dataset.Field Strength/Sequence3 T echo planar imaging (EPI) blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) sequence.AssessmentThe images were transformed to pediatric atlases in Talairach space. Preoperative voxelwise latency maps were generated with parabolic interpolation of the rsMRI signal lateness or earliness when compared with the global mean signal (GMS) using cross‐covariance analysis.Statistical TestsLatency z‐score maps were created for each epilepsy patient by voxelwise calculation using healthy control mean and standard deviation maps. Voxelwise hypothesis testing was performed via multiple comparisons corrected (false discovery and familywise error rate) and uncorrected methods to determine significantly late and early voxels. Significantly late and/or early voxels were counted for the right and left hemisphere separately. The hemisphere with the greater proportion of significantly late and/or early voxels was hypothesized to contain the seizure focus. Preoperative rsMRI latency analysis hypotheses were compared with postoperative seizure foci lateralization determined by resection images.ResultsPreoperative rsMRI latency analysis correctly identified seizure foci lateralization of 64–85% of postoperative epilepsy resections with the proposed methods. RsMRI latency lateralization analysis was 77–100% sensitive and 58–79% specific. In some patients, qualitative analysis yielded preoperative rsMRI latency patterns specific to procedure performed.Data ConclusionPreoperative rsMRI signal latency of pediatric epilepsy patients was correlated with seizure foci lateralization.J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:1347–1355.