bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disease and introgression explain the long-lasting contact zone of Modern Humans and Neanderthals and its eventual destabilization
Authors: Greenbaum Gili , Getz Wayne M. , Rosenberg Noah A. , Feldman Marcus W. , Hovers Erella , Kolodny Oren 
Published: December 2018

AbstractNeanderthals and modern humans both occupied the Levant for tens of thousands of years prior to modern humans’ spread into the rest of Eurasia and their replacement of the Neanderthals. That the inter-species boundary remained geographically localized for so long is a puzzle, particularly in light of the rapidity of its subsequent movement. We propose that disease dynamics can explain the localization and persistence of the inter-species boundary; in this view, each species carried pathogens to which it was largely immune and tolerant, but that could spread to the other, vulnerable, species, inducing a significant disease burden. Epidemics and endemic diseases along the interspecies boundary would have mitigated against bands of one species migrating into regions dominated by the other species. Together with decreased population densities and limited inter-group interactions due to disease burden, this mechanism could have resulted in a fixed and narrow contact-zone. We further propose, and support with results from dynamical systems models, that genetic introgression, including transmission of alleles related to the immune system, would have gradually allowed the two species to overcome this barrier to pervasive inter-species interaction, leading to the eventual release of the inter-species boundary from its geographic localization. Asymmetries between the two species in the initial size of their associated “pathogen package” could have created feedback loops that influenced the rates at which immunity to and tolerance of the novel pathogens were acquired. These asymmetries could have allowed modern humans to overcome the disease burden earlier than Neanderthals, giving them a significant advantage in their subsequent spread into Eurasia, particularly upon interaction with Neanderthal populations that had previously been far from the original contact zone in the Levant.
When life gives you lemons make lemonade: cross-sectional age and gender differences in optimism
Authors: Bharti Teena , Rangnekar Santosh 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to test the cognitive construct of optimism (positive future outcome expectancies) and the age-gender differences in Indian sample.

Design/methodology/approach
The sample consists of 363 older, middle-aged and younger male and female employees. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey based research design.

Findings
Results revealed that middle-aged employees have high levels of optimism as compared to the old age and younger employees. Further, the males reflected high optimism levels in comparison to female employees in middle and old aged adult employees, whereas females have higher optimism level in younger age in Indian select organisations.

Research limitations/implications
The study suggests that the continuous changes in the lifespan lead to changes in one’s attitude and hence results in behavioural changes. The research indicates that optimism should be cultivated in the individuals by providing training and development to promote the competence and skill-building events which would help in enhancing the productivity resulting in better understanding of the scenario at workplace.

Originality/value
The work supplements the existing literature on positive attitude or outcome expectancies by adding to the lifespan development theory.
Designing a pragmatic model for strategic purchasing of health services in health insurance companies
Authors: Rezapour Aziz , Hakimzadeh Seyyed Mostafa , Panahi Sirous , Teymourzadeh Ehsan , Bahadori Mohammadkarim , Bastani Peivand , Tahernezhad Ali 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify the most important factors for strategic purchasing of health services in the health sector by the Iran Health Insurance Company and to provide an applicable model for other similar organizations in developing countries.

Design/methodology/approach
The present qualitative study was conducted in 2017 to identify the factors affecting the implementation of strategic purchasing of health services in the health sector by the Iran Health Insurance Company and to provide an indigenous and practical model through two phases: semi-structured interview followed by a Delphi process.

Findings
According to the findings of this study, Ministry of Welfare, Labor and Social Security plays a central role in the strategic purchasing. In addition, this was also approved by the representatives of citizens in communities concerning professional associations, insurance agencies and representative of the Council of Ministers. Model development explored 9 themes and 54 sub-themes.

Research limitations/implications
Based on the model, most attention has been paid to consumer role and inter-sector leadership of the company with other relevant organizations and systems including other insurance organizations and the welfare ministry. More importantly, the health insurance company should be able to communicate with providers and to choose the best providers, receiving price information through competition in the most appropriate mechanism. Guided by this model, it can strategically buy the best and the most effective services for its insured population.

Social implications
It might help developing societies to promote their health systems based on targeting the health budgeting and financial constraints so that it is prioritized according to the strategic purchasing criteria and consequently, economic evaluation.

Originality/value
The linchpins of the present study are as follow: first, the pragmatic model presented in the paper could help developing health systems to overcome the impediment in the implementation progress of strategic purchasing. Second, the model satisfies the need of enough knowledge to apply strategic purchasing in the health system. Third, the indigents have long been given special protection and consideration in the model that has continued to capture the attention of every policy-maker, in particular, developing countries, the portion of which is significant. Fourth, based on this model, attention has been paid to consumer role and inter-sector leadership of organization with other relevant organizations and systems. Fifth, this model could be correspondent for every insurance company in countries with similar developing conditions.
The role of national rural health mission in reducing infant mortality rate in India
Authors: Pandey Ashutosh , Mohan Arvind 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to assess the role of National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) in reducing Infant Mortality in India. The study will help the government in deciding its future course of action regarding the infant mortality rate (IMR) reduction in India.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper adopts the interrupted time series analysis (ITSA) approach with a control group to study the role of NRHM in reducing the IMR in India. The authors examined infant mortality in rural areas of India for the level and trend change before and after the implementation of NRHM. The authors then applied a suitable ARMA model to estimate the coefficients of the regression model. From the estimated results, the study predicts the counterfactuals for both the rural IMR and urban IMR and plots the results.

Findings
The study found the evidence supporting the hypotheses that the NRHM has led to a reduction in the difference between urban IMR and rural IMR. The research shows that the rural IMR declined at steeper rates in the post-NRHM period (2005–2015).

Originality/value
None of the existing studies analyses the impact of a social scheme like NRHM on the reduction of IMR in India by applying the ITSA. The study is unique as it estimates the counterfactuals and plots the results which show the impact of NRHM on reducing IMR.
How do children make sense of food well-being? Food for thought for responsible retailers
Authors: Hémar-Nicolas Valérie , Ezan Pascale 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide a better understanding of what well-being means to children in the food context and to formulate recommendations about the way food retailers may take actions to promote children’s food well-being (FWB).

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative study based on a child-centric perspective is conducted with 25 French children aged 6–11 years. The data collection and analysis use both verbal and graphic data methods including focus groups and drawings in order to help children express their feelings and thoughts.

Findings
The findings put forward that according to children, the concept of FWB relies on five dimensions: sensory taste, health, commensality, empowerment and altruistic behaviours. Their discourses suggest that food practices contributes to objective, hedonic, eudaemonic and social well-being on the short and long term.

Practical implications
Based on children’s intrinsic needs for pleasure and empowerment, our recommendations highlight how food retailers might rethink their own-label offering, retail environment and communication to take into account young consumers’ FWB.

Originality/value
Drawing upon the concept of FWB and positive psychology, the authors do not only examine children’s food representations through a nutritional lens, but enlarge the scope to show how physical, emotional, psychological and social factors, involved in food context, contribute to different aspects of well-being.
Bitcoin as a new asset class
Authors: Ram Asheer Jaywant 
Published: December 2018

PurposeBitcoin is the best-known cryptocurrency which currently holds the largest market capitalisation and is regarded as a standard example of a cryptocurrency. There is, however, no consensus as to the nature of the Bitcoin. The purpose of this paper is to determine whether Bitcoin represents a new asset class by building on prior research.Design/methodology/approachThe prior literature on asset classes is explored in detail and then applied to the Bitcoin. Four key criteria of asset classes are discussed, namely, investability, politico-economic profile, correlation of returns and risk-reward profile. Statistical techniques are used to inform the conclusions for the third and fourth criteria.FindingsThis research finds that the Bitcoin represents a distinct alternative investment and asset class. There are significant opportunities for investment. The politico-economic profile of the decentralised and consensus-based Bitcoin is dissimilar to other asset classes. The Bitcoin shares little or no correlation with other asset classes. Using Sharpe Ratios, it is shown that the Bitcoin provides risk-adjusted returns over and above most asset classes.Research limitations/implicationsThe aim of this research is to present a normative exploration into the asset class nature of the Bitcoin and, as a result, the aim is not to create positivist generalisable conclusions. This paper does not address cryptocurrencies, other than Bitcoin and does not constitute a detailed manual on modern portfolio theory.Originality/valueThis research adds to finance paradigm research on the Bitcoin by including a developing country perspective on Bitcoin as an asset class as prior studies have concentrated on developed country settings. Further, this research introduces recent economic data (2014 to 2017) in the form of daily observations to enhance prior understanding. It is important to understand if the Bitcoin represents an alternative investment and new asset class as this may affect investment decisions.
The ten stages of the Agile transformation journey
Authors: Denning Stephen 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
Soon leaders in many top-down managed organization may face the necessity of undertaking a company-wide Agile transformation.First adopted by digital innovation teams, the Agile mindset is spreading to middle management operations and top level leadership initiatives in many established organizations.

Design/methodology/approach
A guide to the ten stages of implementing an Agile mindset and practices through out an organization are detailed.

Findings
For traditionally managed hierarchical organizations, the transformation will include radical shifts in power, attitudes, values, mindsets, ways of thinking and ways of interacting with stakeholders—customers, employee talent, shareholders and partners. The goal is to enable the organization to generate instant, frictionless, intimate, incremental, risk-free value at scale, and to gain the financial rewards that flow from that capability.In the race for such outcomes, rigidly hierarchical firms are at a disadvantage.

Practical implications
The idea of Agile itself will continue to evolve as it is adapted by the organization. The process is not a matter of crafting a plan and then rolling it out across the organization. It’s not a mechanical eight-step program. It requires continuously adapting the idea to the circumstances of the organization. As the organization and everyone in it adapts the Agile approach to their own context, each individual needs to own it.

Originality/value
This map of the Agile implementation process enables top management and Agile champions to envision how to prepare an organization to change to a customer-focused, business that operates with Strategic Agility.
Whole exome sequencing identified two point mutations of COL7A1 and FLG in a Chinese family with dystrophic epidermolysis bullous pruriginosa and ichthyosis vulgaris
Authors: Gong Lin , Liu Cheng‐Cheng , Li Yuan‐Hong , Xu Xue‐Gang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe report a 21‐year‐old man with recurrent bullous eruptions and severe itching on the lower legs and feet since 5 years of age. Dry, dirty brown, tile‐like scales covered his lower legs with dystrophic toenails. Nodular prurigo‐like lesions, scarring papules and milia remitted after the bullous eruptions. His father and another two family members had similar but mild presentations with recurrent bullae on the lower legs. Whole exome sequencing detected the heterozygous variants of COL7A1 c.6698G>A and FLG c.7249C>T in this pedigree. COL7A1 c.6698G>A was reported in bullous dermolysis of the newborn and FLG c.7249C>T was reported in ichthyosis vulgaris. Thus, the diagnosis of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa pruriginosa associated with ichthyosis vulgaris was made.
Unpredictable Behavior Under the Influence of “Magic Mushrooms”: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Honyiglo Emma , Franchi Angélique , Cartiser Nathalie , Bottinelli Charline , Advenier Anne‐Sophie , Bévalot Fabien , Fanton Laurent 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFatalities implicating psychedelic mushrooms are not a common clinical situation in everyday forensic medicine. Despite classification as an illegal drug in many countries, psilocybin mushrooms have the reputation of being safe. We report the case of a young man who jumped from a second story balcony under the influence of psilocybin mushrooms. The psilocin assay was performed by gas chromatography coupled to an electron‐impact ionization time‐of‐flight detector (GC‐EI‐TOF) after solid‐phase extraction. Total psilocin was quantified in peripheral and cardiac blood as 60 and 67 ng/mL, respectively, and in urine (2230 ng/mL), bile (3102 ng/mL), and vitreous humor (57 ng/mL). This case report and review of literature highlights the danger of psilocybin mushrooms. Isolated use of psilocybin mushrooms by a regular consumer without psychiatric history, even under “safe” circumstances, can lead to a fatal outcome.
The omnivorous predator Macrolophus pygmaeus, a good candidate for the control of both greenhouse whitefly and poinsettia thrips on gerbera plants
Authors: Leman Ada , Ingegno Barbara L. , Tavella Luciana , Janssen Arne , Messelink Gerben J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe poinsettia thrips Echinothrips americanus Morgan is a relatively new pest that has spread rapidly worldwide and causes serious damage in both vegetable and ornamental plants. In this study, we investigated if and how effective this pest can be controlled in gerbera by the omnivorous predator Macrolophus pygmaeus (Rambur). Because herbivores on plants can interact through a shared predator, we also investigated how poinsettia thrips control is affected by the presence of the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), a pest that commonly coexists with E. americanus in gerbera. In laboratory studies, we found that the predator M. pygmaeus fed on both pests when offered together. Olfactometer tests showed a clear preference of the predators for plants infested by whiteflies but not by thrips. In a greenhouse experiment, densities of both pests on single gerbera plants were reduced to very low levels by the predator, either with both pests present together or alone. Hence, predator‐mediated effects between whiteflies and thrips played only a minor role. The plant feeding of the shared predator probably reduced the dependence of predator survival and reproduction on the densities of the two pests, thereby weakening potential predator‐mediated effects. Thus, M. pygmaeus is a good candidate for biological control of both pests in gerbera. However, further research is needed to investigate pest control at larger scales, when the pests can occur on different plants.
Polyautoimmunity in rheumatological conditions
Authors: Matusiewicz Agata , Stróżyńska‐Byrska Joanna , Olesińska Marzena 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCo‐occurrence of autoimmune diseases (ADs) within an individual is postulated to be a frequent phenomenon in rheumatic diseases. Similar clinical signs and symptoms, pathophysiological mechanisms, genetic factors within autoimmune diseases and aggregation of diverse ADs within families sustain the theory of shared pathogenesis of several ADs (autoimmune tautology). Polyautoimmunity (PA) is defined as the presence of more than one autoimmune disease in a single patient. When three or more autoimmune diseases coexist, this condition is called multiple autoimmune syndrome (MAS). This analysis summarizes an estimated prevalence of PA in the most common rheumatic diseases, the presumable risk factors for PA and influence of concomitant diseases on the course of disease.
Remote ischaemic preconditioning increases serum extracellular vesicle concentrations with altered micro‐RNA signature in CABG patients
Authors: Frey Ulrich H. , Klaassen Marina , Ochsenfarth Crista , Murke Florian , Thielmann Matthias , Kottenberg Eva , Kleinbongard Petra , Klenke Stefanie , Engler Andrea , Heusch Gerd , Giebel Bernd , Peters Jürgen 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundRemote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC) can attenuate myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury but its underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing microRNAs (miRNAs) were shown to mediate distant intercellular communication that may be involved in cardioprotection. We tested the hypothesis that RIPC in anaesthetized patients undergoing coronary artery bypass (CABG) surgery results in the release of EVs from the ischaemic/reperfused arm into the blood stream harbouring cardioprotective miRNAs.MethodsIn 58 patients randomised to RIPC (three 5/5 minutes episodes of left arm ischaemia/reperfusion by suprasystolic blood pressure cuff inflations/deflations) or Sham, a subprotocol comprising of parallel right radial artery and regional (left subclavian) venous blood sampling before (awake) and 5 and 60 minutes after RIPC/Sham during isoflurane/sufentanil anaesthesia could be completed. EVs were extracted by polymer‐based precipitation methods, their concentrations measured, and their miRNA signature analysed.ResultsFive minutes after RIPC, regional venous EV concentrations downstream from the cuff increased and arterial concentrations increased after 60 minutes (fold change [fc]: RIPC: 1.33 ± 0.5, Sham: 0.91 ± 0.31; P = 0.003 for interaction). Already 5 minutes after RIPC, expression of 26 miRNAs (threshold fc: 3.0, P < 0.05) isolated from EVs including the cardioprotective miR‐21 had increased. RIPC also decreased postoperative Troponin I concentrations (AUC RIPC: 336 ng/mL × 72 hours ± 306 vs Sham: 713 ± 1013; P  =  0.041).ConclusionsRemote ischaemic preconditioning increases serum EV concentrations, most likely by early EV release from the patients’ left (RIPC) arm, alters their miRNA signature, and is associated with myocardial protection. Thus, an increased EV concentration with an altered miR‐signature may mediate the RIPC effect.
Aging differentially modulates the Wnt pro‐survival signalling pathways in vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Brown Bethan A. , Connolly Georgia M. , Mill Carina E. J. , Williams Helen , Angelini Gianni D. , Johnson Jason L. , George Sarah J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe previously reported pro‐survival effects of Wnt3a and Wnt5a proteins in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Wnt5a achieved this through induction of Wnt1‐inducible signalling pathway protein‐1 (WISP‐1) consequent to β‐catenin/CREB‐dependent, TCF‐independent, signalling. However, we found that as atherosclerosis advances, although Wnt5a protein was increased, WISP‐1 was reduced. We hypothesized this disconnect could be due to aging. In this study, we elucidate the mechanism underlying Wnt3a pro‐survival signalling and demonstrate the differential effect of age on Wnt3a‐ and Wnt5a‐mediated survival. We show Wnt3a protein was expressed in human atherosclerotic coronary arteries and co‐located with macrophages and VSMCs. Meanwhile, Wnt3a stimulation of primary mouse VSMCs increased β‐catenin nuclear translocation and TCF, but not CREB, activation. Wnt3a increased mRNA expression of the pro‐survival factor WISP‐2 in a TCF‐dependent manner. Functionally, β‐catenin/TCF inhibition or WISP‐2 neutralization significantly impaired Wnt3a‐mediated VSMC survival. WISP‐2 was upregulated in human atherosclerosis and partly co‐localized with Wnt3a. The pro‐survival action of Wnt3a was effective in VSMCs from young (2 month) and old (18–20 month) mice, whereas Wnt5a‐mediated rescue was impaired with age. Further investigation revealed that although Wnt5a induced β‐catenin nuclear translocation in VSMCs from both ages, CREB phosphorylation and WISP‐1 upregulation did not occur in old VSMCs. Unlike Wnt5a, pro‐survival Wnt3a signalling involves β‐catenin/TCF and WISP‐2. While Wnt3a‐mediated survival was unchanged with age, Wnt5a‐mediated survival was lost due to impaired CREB activation and WISP‐1 regulation. Greater understanding of the effect of age on Wnt signalling may identify targets to promote VSMC survival in elderly patients with atherosclerosis.