bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-enzymatic recycling of ATP and NADPH for the synthesis of 5-aminolevulinic acid using a semipermeable reaction system
Authors: Aiguo Zhao , Ruiwen Ding , Meizhi Zhai 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is an important cellular metabolic intermediate that has broad agricultural and medical applications. Previously, attempts have been made to synthesize ALA by multiple enzymes in cell free systems. Here we report the development of a semi-permeable system for ALA production using stable enzymes. Glucose, sodium polyphosphate, ATP, tRNA, glutamate and NADPH were used as substrates for ALA synthesis by a total of nine enzymes: adenylate kinase, polyphosphate kinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphogluconolactonase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, glutamyl-tRNA synthetase and glutamate-1-semialdehyde aminotransferase from E. coli, hexokinase from yeast, as well as glutamyl-tRNA reductase and its stimulator protein glutamyl-tRNA reductase binding protein (GBP) from Arabidopsis in a semi-permeable system. After reaction for 48 h, the glutamate conversion reached about 95%. This semi-permeable system facilitated the reuse of enzymes, and was helpful for the separation and purification of the product. The ALA production could be further improved by process optimization and enzyme engineering.Abbreviations: PPK: polyphosphate kinase; ADK: adenylate kinase; ALA: 5-Aminolevulinic acid; HK: hexokinase; ZWF: glucose-6-phosphatedehydrogenase; PGL: phosphogluconolactonase; GND: 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase; GTS: glutamyl-tRNA synthetase; GTR: glutamyl-tRNA reductase; GBP: GTR binding protein; GSAAT: glutamate-1-semialdehyde aminotransferase.
Pattern analysis suggests that phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in maturing soybean seeds promotes the accumulation of protein
Authors: Yamamoto Naoki , Masumura Takehiro , Yano Kentaro , Sugimoto Toshio 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
The protein and oil contents in soybean seeds are major factors in seed quality. Seed proteins and oils are synthesized from sucrose and nitrogenous compounds transported into maturing seeds. In this study, we compared changes in the activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and the accumulation profiles of protein and oil in maturing seeds of two soybean cultivars, which exhibit different protein and oil contents in seeds, to determine the interrelationships of them. A principal component analysis indicated a concordance of seed PEPC activity with the protein content, but did not with the oil content. PEPC activity per seed was highest in the late maturation stage, when the physiological status of the vegetative organs drastically changed. The high-protein cultivar had higher PEPC activity compared to the low-protein cultivar. These results highlight the biological role of PEPC in the synthesis of protein, therefore it was implied that PEPC could be a biomarker in soybean breeding.
Abbreviations: ANOVA: analysis of variance; DS: developmental stage; DW: dry weight; FW: fresh weight; NIR: near infrared; PEP(C): phosphoenolpyruvate (carboxylase); PC(A): principal component (analysis); S.E.: standard error; WC: water content.
Emission Cross Sections of Eu3+ doped TiO2 Prepared via Sol-Gel
Authors: Alwan Mohammed H , Yaseen Hanna M , Tahir Khawla J , Jabar Basma A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticle doped with Europium ions Eu3+ was synthesis by performing of sol gel technique, the UV-Visible spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to investigate the spectroscopic properties of prepared doped sample. Two peaks at wavelength around 590nm and 612nm are recorded in fluorescence spectrum (wavelength of excitation light source equal to 390nm). The UV-Visible and fluorescence spectra are analyzed to determined peak emission cross-section σem. Depending on the suitable value of σem, it could strongly suggest to use Eu:TiO2 as optical material for laser action.
The effect on Leaching Rate of Y and Ce Doped in Glass and Glass-Ceramic
Authors: Abd Aljbar Alyaa A , Hussein Orass A , Khudhair Dawood M 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Nuclear waste in Iraq has three major sources; spent nuclear fuel from the old Iraqi Atomic Energy Organization in Al-Twitha site, waste from radioactive isotopes used in medicine and waste generated by the nuclear weapons used in the war against Iraq in 2003. These waste need to storage until becomes safety. Therefore in this study nuclear wastes (strontium oxides) were stored by vitrification methods in two types of borosilicate glass (glass and glass-ceramics) and the effect of beta ray on the immobilized waste was done. Then the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of borosilicate glass contain strontium oxide before and after irradiated by beta ray were investigated. It found that the leaching was not affected by beta-ray and neutrons.
Improving Oxidation Resistance Wear Properties of Valves Trays Used in Oil Distillation Towers
Authors: Fakhri Aya S. , Al-Gaban Ahmed M. , Yousif Hussain M. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Valve trays play an important role in the refinery crude oil distillation process. Valve trays are covered by lift able caps. The lifting cap positions vapor to flow horizontally into the liquid which providing better vapor/liquid contact and better separation at each tray. Corrosion and wear resistance are the most important properties should be found in the valve trays and caps. This research deals with increasing corrosion and wear resistance of valve trays and caps using thermal spray technique. (Ni Al Cr) powder was used to apply coating layer on the substrate surface. Some mechanical properties are evaluated for the coating layer. Oxidation test was performed using oxidation system. Data and results revealed that the coating layer with the thickness of 100 µm has slightly resistance against oxidation, while the thickness of 200 µm has excellent oxidation resistance and good peeling resistance. Thickness of 300 µm has excellent oxidation resistance but has poor peeling resistance.
Vitamins B therapy in Regeneration of Peripheral Neuropathy Associated with Lipid Profile
Authors: AL-Saaeed S M , Ali H A , Ali S M , Ali S A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the role of serum lipid profile during the regeneration of experimental crush peripheral nerve injury to rats. Besides, to investigate which type of vitamin B therapy is better to accelerate the regeneration processes.Methods: Seventy-five male albino rats male, aged between 10 to 12 weeks were equally divided into 5 treated groups: B1, B6, B12, Tri-B complex and normal saline. Rats of therapeutic groups were administered according to the grouping and lasted to 45 consecutive days, and every 5 rats were sacrificed by euthanizing at 15th, 30th and 45th days. At dissection, sciatic nerve samples are taken from the site of crushed lesion and immersed in fixed formaldehyde 10%. 05 to 7 µm thick paraffin sections were stained by H&E and blood sample for lipid profile analysis.Results: The result showed no significant differences in serum lipid profile between therapeutic groups and control was found. Histological changes were shown on 15th days as, diffuse degeneration of the myelinated fibers with a marked vacuolization of some nerve fiber, numerous atrophic disoriented fibers with a large number of mononuclear phagocytes infiltration and degenerative debris. On 45th days there is a clear normal orientation of collagen fiber with very little debris and no vacuolization of the nerve. Morphometric measurements showed the myelin sheath thickness was increased significantly on the 30th and 45th days as compared with the control group. The result showed vitamin B12 is better in acceleration to nerve regeneration B12 groups showed better regenerative rate among other groups.Conclusion: no changes in serum lipid profile on experimental animals during regeneration processes. Vitamin B12 is better for enhancing the regenerative process.
Preparation, morphological, and mechanical characterization of titanium dioxide (TiO2)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite for gamma-rays radiation shielding
Authors: Fakher Alfahed R. K. , Mohammad Kareem K. , Majeed Munaf S. , Ali Badran Hussain , Ali Kamal M. , Yahya Kadem Burak 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has been prepared as a films with different volume ratios of titanium dioxide (TiO2). Atomic force microscope (AFM) was used to test morphology and grain size of the specimen surfaces. The results revealed that the surface roughness of specimen decreased with increasing the ratio of TiO2 whereas the grain size was increased. The stress-strain curves for TiO2/PVA composite films with 0%, 0.02%, 0.03%, and 0.04% TiO2 content are characterized. The mechanical performance of the TiO2/PVA composite films was clearly affected according to loaded TiO2 contrast to that of the pure film. Furthermore, the titanium dioxide (TiO2)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite samples examined as a shielding material of gamma ray. linear attenuation coefficient was measured by using the Cesium-137 (Cs-137) and gamma-ray photons 662 keV as a radioactive source. It was shown that the efficiency of shielding material increased with increasing the loaded amount of TiO2.
Skin Cancer Diagnosis by Using Fuzzy Logic and GLCM
Authors: Ghali Fatima 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Image processing is one of the most strong and popular computer science technologies increasingly used today especially with medical sciences. It’s commonly used to diagnose and detect many kinds of cancer diseases early such as skin cancer, and others. In this paper two techniques have been used to detect Skin Cancer. These two techniques are Fuzzy logic and GLCM (Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix) where they can distinguish among cancerous skin and non-cancerous. The distinguish operation is based on extracted featured values from GLCM. The features GLCM include are Contrast, Correlation, Energy, Entropy, and Homogeneity. However, our contribution is a new algorithm for diagnosis two phase, the first is the normal situation and second is the skin cancer. After the design and implementation of the algorithm the result was good as we can see in the implementation section.
Evaluation of the influence of directivity factor of directive elements of conformal and planar antenna arrays on the performances of azimuth-elevation DOA estimation
Authors: Alkhafaji Sarmad K. D. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The conformal and planar antenna arrays with directive elements are ones with antenna elements located on twisted and flat surfaces and are of great interest for communication systems. The research of direction-of-arrival estimation method with superresolution MUSIC on conformal and planar antenna arrays of different configurations depending on directivity ratio of elements has been fulfilled. The root mean square error rate for one and multiple incident signals has been also has been calculated by simulations. The directivity ratio has been changed from 1 (omnidirectional antenna) up to 30 (high directive antenna). The number of antenna elements was the same and equal to sixteen. Microstrip elements are used having the width of substrate equal to λ/2, the gap between the elements missed. The scenario with one incident signal source was researched; its azimuth coordinate was changed from 0° up to 180°. The average root-mean-square-error (RMSE) along all the estimated coordinates was calculated and also the minimum and maximum value of the errors was taken into account in order to realize the dependence of the RMSE on the azimuth coordinate. The RMSE of multiple signal sources estimation has been calculated.
Pharmacological and Biological Evaluation of 5,5’[(1,4-Phenelene) bis (1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine)]
Authors: Saeed Ban M.S. , Al-jadaan Shaker A.N. , Abbas Basil A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The thiadiazole 2-amines compound have been synthesis in this study. The biological activity of the compound was determined at 100, 150, 200 and 250 mg/ml against four types of bacteria i.e. Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Slmonella sp. The results of MIC were 2,5,4,5 mg/ml for Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Slmonella spp, respectively. Median lethal dose (LD50) and cytotoxic activity were also investigated. The results showed that this compound did not affect the red blood until the concentration reach 30mg/ml or above. The LD50 for this compound is 0.01994 gm/kg bw.
The seismic evidence of passively evolving Messinian Salt in the Offshore Syria
Authors: Alsouki Mohammad , Alali Najeh , Alattabi Abdulhuseeien N. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Accurate interpretation and analysis of good quality 2D-seismic data has contributed to understanding evolution of salt diapirism in the Syrian Offshore located in the easternmost Mediterranean. Salt diapirs in the study area are mainly characterized by sub-annular shape structures resultant of flow and withdrawal of the Messinian Salt as passive diapirs during the Plio-Pleistocene-Recent times. Analysis and interpretation of seismic data in the Syrian Offshore indicates that the Messinian Salt diapirs have evolved and rose up passively by downbuilding during and after deposition of Plio-Pleistocene Formation and persisted to rise until the present time. The deposition and the compressional tectonic forces had a significant role in triggering Messinian Salt and creating the sub-annular shape structures. The accelerated deposition of the lower Plio-Pleistocene Formation created utmost subsidence of the Latakia Basin and passive diapirism of the Messinian Salt. Additional proofs in the Plio-Pleistocene sediments, such as thickness variations constrain the passive diapirism of the Syrian Offshore. This article offers models for the subsurface evolution of Messinian Salt diapirs in the study area based on analysis and interpretation of 2D-seismic data sets. The relevance between the evolution of Messinian Salt and deposition processes is also explained and an ideal evolutionary model offered as to their passive origins.
The role of Brain Natriuretic Peptide in evaluating Left Ventricle function among patient with chronic renal failure on maintenance hemodialysis: the impact of body mass index
Authors: Mahdi Salih Abdul-Hassan , Mashkoor Waleed Saad , Abdul-Aziz A.A , Roomi Ali B. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Both chronic renal failure (CRF) and heart failure (HF) can predispose to pressure load or volume overload with subsequent elevation of serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels. This study tends to evaluate the role of BNP as a predictor of left ventricular function among patient with chronic renal failure on maintenance hemodialysis. Methods: This is a perspective cross-sectional study, including 89 (45 males and 44 females) patients on maintenance hemodialysis followed up for six months. BNP level, glomerular filtration and body mass index of the patients were measured and left ventricular function (EF%) was detected by echocardiography at the start of the study and after three and six months between October 2016 and April 2017.Results:Of 89 patients, 13 were underweight, 56 had a healthy weight, and 20 were overweight. There was a significant negative association between BNP level and both EF% and BMI (P<0.001, P<0.001) respectively. During the follow up of these patients there was a clear trend for BNP to be higher among patients with impaired left the ventricular function. There was also a strong inverse association between BNP level and GFR (P <0.001).Conclusion: BNP levels show a strong inverse association with EF%, BMI and GFR in patients with CRF. Currently, BNP widely used by most health institutions to predict left ventricular function. However, both BMI and GFR considered a significant confounder of BNP measurement in patients with compromised renal status.
Determination of the Fertility of Southern Iraqi Soil Using Laser - Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy System
Authors: Hameed Mohammed A. , Al-Ali Ahmed S. A. , Ali Omar A. , Mohammed Ndher I. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this work, seven soil samples were brought brought to study and analyses the element concentrations from different southern regions of Iraq using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique. It has been documented as an atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) technique. Laser-induced plasma utilized to analyze elements in materials (gases, liquids, and solids). In order to analyze elements in materials (gases, liquids, and solid). The Nd: YAG laser excitation source at 1064 nm with pulse width 9 ns is used to generate power density of 5.5 x 1012 MW/mm2, with optical spectrum in the range 320-740 nm. From this investigation, the soil sample analysis of the southern cities of Iraqi, it is concluded that the rich soil element of P, Si, Ca elements make the Faw and Nesseriah fit for cultivation.
Cu (In, Ga) Se2 an absorber layer of photovoltaic devices
Authors: Hameed Mohammed A. , AL-Shadeedi Akrm N. , Abdulhameed Abeer N. , Abdulsada Ali Omar 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
CIGS nanoink has synthesized from molecular precursors of CuCl, InCl3, GaCl3 and Se metal heat up 240 °C for a half hour in N2-atmosphere to form CIGS nanoink, and then deposited onto substrates of soda-lime glass (SLG). This work focused on CIGS nanocrystals, indicates their synthesis and applications in photovoltaic devices (PVs) as an active light absorber layers. in this work, using spin-coating to deposit CIGS layers (75 mg/ml and 500 nm thickness), without selenization at high temperatures, were obtained up to 1.398 % power conversion efficiency (PCE) at AM 1.5 solar illumination. Structural formations of CIGS chalcopyrite structure were studied by using x ray diffraction XRD. The morphology and composition of CIGS were studied using scanning electron microscopy SEM.
Numerical Investigation of Flow Field Behaviour and Pressure Fluctuations within an Axial Flow Pump under Transient Flow Pattern Based on CFD Analysis Method
Authors: Ramadhan Al-Obaidi Ahmed 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this present work, CFD numerical method is applied to analyses the flow field in an axial flow pump qualitative and quantitative analyses. Qualitative analysis for these parameters comprise static pressure variations, dynamic pressure variations, velocity magnitude, turbulent kinetic energy, shear stress. Quantitative analysis including the pressure fluctuations in frequency domain analysis under different operation conditions. Also, sliding mesh method and turbulence model type k-epsilon are used. Various monitoring points are stalled in order to analyses pressure fluctuation mechanism in the impeller blade. The numerical results revealed that the flow field for pressure and velocity are increase start from the suction side of the pump to discharge side. Also, the results found that the high pressure occurs at the discharge side along the axial direction of the impeller. The maximum value of pressure fluctuations is occurred at tip blade region due to high interaction flow at this particular area. Moreover, the pressure decreases as flow rate in the pump increases. Additionally, the results shown that the pressure fluctuations have four peaks and four valleys the similar impeller blades number. Furthermore, there are different positive and negative pressure regions, the negative pressure area occurs due to lower pressure zone at inlet impeller area and hence which can lead to cause occurrence of cavitation in this specific area. The current numerical demonstration results can help the researches for further axial flow pump design.
Determination of the porosity of silica particles in opal-like photonic crystals by spectral photometry
Authors: Gabdullina A R , Akhmadeev A A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this work, we investigated and calculated the porosity of silicon dioxide microparticles in opal-like photonic crystals using spectral photometry. Photonic crystals were obtained by vertical deposition of a solution containing particles of silicon dioxide, which were obtained by the method of Stober-Fink-Bohn. The refractive index was calculated using the Bragg-Wulff law.
Photoinduced carrier dynamics in colloidal CdSe/CdS nanoparticles
Authors: Nikiforov V G , Leontyev A V , Shmelev A G , Zharkov D K , Lobkov V S , Samartsev V V 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We have studied picosecond dynamics of photo-induced charge carriers in CdSe/CdS nanoparticles with sizes of 2.0 and 2.9 nm in toluene colloidal solutions using femtosecond up-conversion spectroscopy. The kinetics of nanoparticles luminescence excited by laser pulses of 50 fs duration at 350 nm were observed. The simulation of experimental data showed that electron thermalization occurs within 0.5 ps, while recombination processes have characteristic times of 5 and 20 ns, although these cannot be unequivocally identified using the simplest recombination model with direct transitions and single type of traps. However, a comparative analysis indicates a fundamental difference in the mechanisms responsible for the dynamics of charge carriers in the time interval up to 5 ps after laser excitation, which we associate with different structures of traps in 2.0 and 2.9 nm particles.
Small subalgebras of polynomial rings and Stillman’s Conjecture
Authors: Ananyan Tigran , Hochster Melvin 
Published: July 2019

Let

n
,
d
,
η

n, d, \eta

be positive integers. We show that in a polynomial ring

R
R

in

N
N

variables over an algebraically closed field

K
K

of arbitrary characteristic, any

K
K

-subalgebra of

R
R

generated over

K
K

by at most

n
n

forms of degree at most

d
d

is contained in a

K
K

-subalgebra of

R
R

generated by

B
≤

η

B

(
n
,
d
)

B \leq {}^\eta \mathcal {B}(n,d)

forms

G

1

,

…
,

G

B

{G}_1,\,\ldots ,\,{G}_{B}

of degree

≤
d

\leq d

, where

η

B

(
n
,
d
)

{}^\eta \mathcal {B}(n,d)

does not depend on

N
N

or

K
K

, such that these forms are a regular sequence and such that for any ideal

J
J

generated by forms that are in the

K
K

-span of

G

1

,

…
,

G

B

{G}_1,\,\ldots ,\,{G}_{B}

, the ring

R

/

J

R/J

satisfies the Serre condition

R

η

\mathrm {R}_\eta

. These results imply a conjecture of M. Stillman asserting that the projective dimension of an

n
n

-generator ideal

I
I

of

R
R

whose generators are forms of degree

≤
d

\leq d

is bounded independent of

N
N

. We also show that there is a primary decomposition of

I
I

such that all numerical invariants of the decomposition (e.g., the number of primary components and the degrees and numbers of generators of all of the prime and primary ideals occurring) are bounded independent of

N
N

.