bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Condylar repair and regeneration in adolescents/young adults with early‐stage degenerative temporomandibular joint disease: A randomised controlled study
Authors: Lei Jie , Yap Adrian U.‐J. , Liu Mu‐Qing , Fu Kai‐Yuan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundAnterior repositioning splint (ARS) can facilitate regenerative condylar remodelling.ObjectiveTo determine the effect of ARS on osseous condylar changes in adolescents/young adults with early‐stage degenerative joint disease (DJD).MethodsSixty‐nine patients with early‐stage temporomandibular joint (TMJ) DJD based on the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging were recruited and randomly allocated to two treatment groups: (a) conservative therapy with ARS and (b) conservative therapy without ARS. Subjects with acute TMJ closed‐lock had their displaced discs physically reduced by mandibular manipulation prior to ARS therapy. Clinical and CBCT data of 59 patients (86.4% females, mean age 17.95 ± 4.53 years, 67 joints) were attained pre‐ and at 6 or 12 months post‐treatment. Osseous changes after treatment were categorised into (a) progressed, (b) unchanged, (c) repaired (remodelled without new bone formation) and (d) regenerated (remodelled with new bone formation). Statistical analysis including chi‐square test, independent samples t test or Mann‐Whitney U test was conducted.ResultsAbout 85.5% of patients (59/69) completed the study, with 28 subjects (32 joints) in the splint group and 31 (35 joints) in the control group. The occurrence of condylar repair and regeneration was significantly higher with ARS (78.1%/[25/32] of joints) when compared to control group (48.6%/[17/35]) (P < 0.05). Moreover, condylar regeneration was exclusively observed in 50%/(16/32) of joints with ARS. For the 14 joints in splint group that received physical TMJ closed‐lock reduction, 85.7%/(12/14) exhibited condylar regeneration. The splint group (3.1%/[1/32]) also had significantly lower incidence of progressive TMJ degeneration than the control (37.1%/[13/35]) (P < 0.001).ConclusionCondylar repair and regeneration in early‐stage TMJ DJD are possible, and ideal spatial disc‐condyle relationship appears important. The possibility of restoring TMJ form/structure by ARS therapy presents an attractive area of new basic science and clinical research (Bone defect repair in early osteoarthrosis of temporomandibular joint by joint distraction therapy: A randomized controlled trial/ChiCTR‐TRC‐14005172).
Polygenic Influences on Pubertal Timing and Tempo and Depressive Symptoms in Boys and Girls
Authors: Horvath Gregor , Knopik Valerie S. , Marceau Kristine 
Published: April 2019

This study used polygenic scoring (PGS) to test whether puberty‐related genes were correlated with depressive symptoms, and whether there were indirect effects through pubertal maturation. The sample included 8,795 adolescents from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (measures of puberty drawn ages 8–17 years; of depressive symptoms at age 16.5 years). The PGS (derived from a genome‐wide meta‐analysis of later age at menarche) predicted boys’ and girls’ later pubertal timing, boys’ slower gonadal development, and girls’ faster breast development. Earlier perceived breast development timing predicted more depressive symptoms in girls. Findings support shared genetic underpinnings for boys’ and girls' puberty, contributing to multiple pubertal phenotypes with differences in how these genetic variants affect boys' and girls' development.
Destination choices of Chinese rural–urban migrant workers: Jobs, amenities, and local spillovers
Authors: Wang Zhiling , Chen Lu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractUsing the 2014 China Migrants Dynamic Survey, we analyze rural–urban migrant workers’ destination choices after the global financial crisis, with an emphasis on jobs, amenities, and local spillovers. By using an equilibrium‐sorting model, this paper disentangles local spillovers from local attributes in the estimation process. We employ both an artificial instrumental variable and the provincial highway passenger flow in 1979 to tackle the endogeneity issue. After controlling for the network effects of migrants from the same origin, we find a separate and strong preference for colocating with a large population of migrants, regardless of origin. The results remain robust when we take into account labor supply‐driven migration, spatial autocorrelation between provinces, different industry definitions, and regional differences within provinces. Our results imply that due to institutional barriers, the rural‐migrant community will still be a very important factor in the foreseeable future. In addition, as the ongoing industrial upgrading and transfer policies in China may lead to a westward movement of rural–urban migrants, the movement will be expedited when the older, less educated, or lower income migrants relocate.
Temperature, incubation time and virulence of Cercospora coffeicola in the production of cercosporin
Authors: Vale Paula Adrielly Souza , de Resende Mário Lucio Vilela , Botelho Deila Magna dos Santos , Pozza Edson Ampelio , Ogoshi Claúdio , Monteiro Ana Cristina Andrade , Costa Bruno Henrique Garcia , Vasconcelos Victor Augusto Maia 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis study considers the influence of temperature, incubation time and virulence in the production of the toxin cercosporin by Cercospora coffeicola, the causal agent of brown eye spot in coffee. The area under the progress curve of cercosporin production (AUPCCP) was also evaluated. A pathogenicity test was performed in a group with 58 isolates of C. coffeicola, which allowed the selection of four isolates, two representing the highest (LFP 12 and LFP 59) and two the lowest (LFP 24 and LFP 43) severity groups. The four isolates were cultivated in potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated in growth chambers at different temperatures (15, 20, 25 and 30°C) for 20 days. The experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The cercosporin production decreased in all tested isolates at 30°C, resulting in a lower AUPCCP. The higher values of cercosporin were obtained at 20 and 25°C between 8 and 12 days of incubation. The isolates that produced the highest and lowest cercosporin concentrations were LFP 12 and LFP 43, respectively. After 15 days of incubation, toxin production is practically null in all isolates independently of the incubation temperature. Thus, the hypothesis for quantification of cercosporin production as a variability parameter within the species is suggested.
Baseline sensitivity of Botrytis cinerea to fluazinam and cross‐resistance
Authors: Liu Shengming , Fu Liuyuan , Chen Jinpeng , Wang Shuan , Jiang Jia , Zhang Yong , Che Zhiping , Tian Yuee , Chen Genqiang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGrey mould, caused by the fungus Botrytis cinerea Pers ex Fr., is a very destructive and important disease worldwide. Fluazinam is a phenylpyridinamine fungicide with broad‐spectrum activities. The baseline sensitivity of B. cinerea to fluazinam is yet to be established in Henan Province, China. In this study, a total of 117 field isolates of B. cinerea were collected from 49 commercial greenhouses in different locations of Henan Province, in 2016, and the sensitivities of these isolates to fluazinam were determined based on mycelial growth. The effective concentration for 50% (EC50) values ranged from 0.0038 to 0.0441 μg/ml, and the mean EC50 value was 0.0201 ± 0.0081 μg/ml for mycelial growth. The frequency distribution range presented a unimodal curve. To define the cross‐resistance relationships, the linear correlation coefficients of the EC50 values between fluazinam and carbendazim, procymidone, pyrimethanil or boscalid were analysed. The results showed that no correlation was observed between fluazinam and the other tested fungicides. These results provide important information to growers for the prevention and control of grey mould.
Measuring Goal Realization Associated With Disability Services and Supports: Initial Evidence for a New Tool
Authors: Hagiliassis Nick , Koritsas Stella , Cuzzillo Celeste 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThere are few outcome measurement tools that can be accessed directly by people with intellectual disability (ID) and that can be readily used in service delivery settings. Developed to address these limitations, the Measuring Outcomes in Services and Supports – Short Form is a measure of the extent to which a person's goals are realized in the context of service and supports delivery. Specific aim is to establish initial evidence for the face and content validity of the tool, an essential step in the first stage of developing evaluation tools. Face validity was explored via an on‐line survey eliciting information from an “expert group” about the purpose, adequacy, clarity, and attractiveness of the tool. Content validity was examined by comparing goals for people with disability against a framework for categorizing personal outcomes and their influencers, to gauge the tool's relevance, and representation for measuring whole of life disability outcomes. Participants gave positive support overall for aspects of face validity surveyed. Suggestions for further improvements were provided, most of which were accommodated. Other issues raised reflected themes general to the field of outcomes measurement in disability populations (e.g., complexity for people with ID), with strategies suggested for attenuating their impact. Participant goals were representative of outcome domains reflecting the current policy environment in disability, as were their influencing factors. With limited tools to measure goal realization for people accessing a range of disability supports, the tool has acceptable face validity and content validity and is sufficiently practical for use in disability services.
Associations between sleep duration and cognitive impairment in mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Basta Maria , Simos Panagiotis , Vgontzas Alexandros , Koutentaki Eirini , Tziraki Sophia , Zaganas Ioannis , Panagiotakis Symeon , Kapetanaki Stefania , Fountoulakis Nikolaos , Lionis Christos 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThe prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) increases among elderly people and is associated with a high risk of dementia. Identifying factors that may contribute to the progress of MCI to dementia is critical. The objective of this study was to examine the association of objective sleep with cognitive performance in MCI patients. A subsample of 271 participants with a diagnosis of probable Alzheimer's disease (AD; N = 50) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI; N = 121) and 100 persons who were not cognitively impaired (NI) were recruited from a large population‐based cohort in the island of Crete, Greece (3140 older adults aged >60 years). All participants underwent extensive neuropsychiatric/neuropsychological evaluation and a 3‐day 24‐hr actigraphy. Objective sleep variables and their association with neuropsychological performance were examined across the three groups, controlling for demographics, body mass index, depression, sleep apnea symptoms and psychotropic medications. Patients with AD had significantly longer 24‐hr total sleep time (TST) compared to the MCI and NI groups. Long 24‐hr TST was associated with reduced performance on tasks that placed significant demands on attention and processing speed in the MCI group and the AD group. Elderly patients with MCI have similar objective sleep duration to normal controls, whereas AD patients sleep longer. Long sleep duration in patients with multidomain subtypes of MCI is associated with critical non‐memory cognitive domains. It appears that within the MCI group those that sleep longer have more severe cognitive impairment.
In vitro resistance profile of hepatitis C virus NS5A inhibitor velpatasvir in genotypes 1 to 6
Authors: Dvory‐Sobol Hadas , Han Bin , Lu Julia , Yu Mei , Beran Rudolf K. , Cheng Guofeng , Martin Ross , Svarovskaia Evguenia , Mo Hongmei 
Published: April 2019

AbstractVelpatasvir is a pan‐genotypic hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5A inhibitor, which is used with sofosbuvir for treatment of infection with HCV genotypes 1‐6. In vitro resistance studies were performed to characterize NS5A changes that might confer reduced velpatasvir susceptibility in vivo. Resistance selection studies using HCV replicon cells for subtypes 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 4a, 5a and 6a identified NS5A resistance‐associated substitutions (RASs) at nine positions, most often 28M/S/T, 31F/I/M/P/V and 93D/H/N/S. In subtype 1a, RASs were selected at positions 31 and/or 93, while in subtype 1b, replicons with two or more RASs at positions 31, 54 or 93 were selected. Y93H was selected in subtypes 1a, 1b, 2a, 3a and 4a. In subtype 5a or 6a, L31P or P32L/Q was selected, respectively. Velpatasvir susceptibility of 358 replicons from genotypes 1 to 6 containing one or more NS5A RASs was also evaluated. The majority (63%) of subtypes 1a and 1b single RAS‐containing replicons retained susceptibility to velpatasvir (<2.5‐fold change in EC50). High levels of resistance to velpatasvir were observed for six single mutants in subtype 1a, including M28G, A92K, Y93H/N/R/W and for one mutant, A92K, in subtype 1b. Most single mutants in subtypes 2a, 2b, 3a, 4a and 5a displayed low levels of reduced velpatasvir susceptibility. High‐level resistance was observed for C92T and Y93H/N in subtype 2b, Y93H/S in 3a, and L31V and P32A/L/Q/R in 6a, and several double mutants in these subtypes. Overall, velpatasvir maintained activity against most common RASs that are known to confer resistance to first‐generation NS5A inhibitors.
Aquaculture of the sand star, Astropecten indicus Döderlein, 1888, as a step toward the sustainable aquaculture of harlequin shrimp, Hymenocera picta Dana, 1852
Authors: Pratoomyot Jarunan , Torcharoen Thammasak , Thongra‐ar Pairach , Shinn Andrew P. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOrnamental harlequin shrimp, Hymenocera picta, are commonly maintained on live comet sea stars, Linckia multifora. In Thailand, both species are commonly collected from the wild, raising concerns regarding the sustainability of such practices. As a step toward the sustainable aquaculture of both, methods of their culture and nutrition were investigated. Under captive conditions, harlequin shrimp readily predate, and can be maintained upon the astropectinid sand star Astropecten indicus as an alternative live feed during periods when comet sea stars are unavailable. Wild A. indicus subsequently spawned multiple times shortly after their collection; the eggs (300 μm diameter) were transferred to static aquaria. Following the appearance of planktonic bipinnaria, larval sea stars were fed a 50:50 Chaetoceros calcitrans and Isochrysis galbana diet. Eleven days post‐transfer, brachiolaria stages began to settle; stages were then fed concentrated I. galbana. When specimens measured 1–2 mm in diameter, they were transferred onto an in‐house formulated Amphiprion diet (>50% protein, >16% lipid). Sea stars were graded regularly; they matured and spawned after 6 months. Populations were maintained for more than three successive generations, demonstrating their ready culture under captive conditions, representing the first harvestable aquaculture of a sea star as a step toward supporting the sustainable culture of a primary, marine species.
Interpersonal Factors Affecting Queer Second or Foreign Language Learners’ Identity Management in Class
Authors: MOORE ASHLEY R. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAlthough most second or foreign language classrooms can be assumed to contain queer learners, research shows that educators often fail to create inclusive learning environments and outcomes for these populations. A step toward improving this situation is to understand the factors affecting how queer students manage their identities in language classrooms. I use interview data from queer students of Japanese as a second or foreign language (N = 16) to analyze how the characteristics and behaviors of others in the class influence their sexual identity management. My findings indicate that queer learners use 3 types of cue when gauging others to anticipate the consequences of their decision to reveal their nonheteronormative identity in class: salient indicators, insider evidence, and explicit statements. This article also explores how some participants used the “here and now” event of the research interview itself to carry out accounting work that discursively resisted heteronormativity by positioning their sexual identity as normative. I conclude by discussing the implications of these findings for identity management theory and educational practice.
Use and interpretation of hemoglobin concentrations for assessing anemia status in individuals and populations: results from a WHO technical meeting
Authors: Garcia‐Casal Maria Nieves , Pasricha Sant‐Rayn , Sharma Andrea J. , Peña‐Rosas Juan Pablo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAnemia is an important public health problem that negatively affects health of individuals and economic potential of populations. An accurate case definition is critical for understanding burden and epidemiology of anemia, for planning public health interventions, and for clinical investigation and treatment of patients. The current threshold hemoglobin concentrations for diagnosis of anemia were proposed in 1968 and based on studies predominantly of Caucasian adult populations in Europe and North America. The World Health Organization is undertaking a project to review global guidelines for anemia. We describe the process of obtaining input from technical experts, researchers, blood bank experts, policy makers, and program implementers to identify key information or knowledge gaps for anemia diagnosis. From this scoping exercise, six priority areas were identified on diverse topics related to the use and interpretation of hemoglobin concentrations to diagnose anemia in individuals and populations. A call for authors was conducted to produce background, review, and research papers across priority topics. This paper summarizes the first technical meeting, which included commissioned papers as well as case studies, describes key data gaps identified, and describes the next steps in the guideline development process to assess available evidence and define knowledge gaps to improve anemia characterization.
Identification and pathogenicity of Cryphonectriaceae species associated with chestnut canker in China
Authors: Jiang N. , Fan X. L. , Tian C. M. 
Published: April 2019

Cryphonectriaceae species cause serious canker diseases on chestnut, oak and eucalypt trees. Recently, canker symptoms with typical orange fruiting bodies were observed on Chinese chestnut and oak trees in Hebei, Hubei, Shaanxi and Shandong Provinces in China. In the present study, isolates of these fungi were identified based on phylogenetic and morphological evidence, and their pathogenicities were tested on detached chestnut (Castanea mollissima) branches. DNA sequence comparisons of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and two regions of β‐tubulin (TUB1/TUB2) indicate that these isolates represent five species in the Cryphonectriaceae, viz. Cryphonectria japonica, Cryphonectria parasitica, Aurantiosacculus castaneae sp. nov., Cryphonectria neoparasitica sp. nov. and Endothia chinensis sp. nov. The sexual morph of Aurantiosacculus is discovered for the first time and can be distinguished from the other genera in Cryphonectriaceae by dark brown ascospores and tubiform appendages at both ends. Cryphonectria neoparasitica sp. nov. is different from the other Cryphonectria species by its aseptate ascospores. Endothia chinensis sp. nov. is the sole species in Endothia infecting the host genus Castanea. Additionally, it is much smaller than E. gyrosa and narrower than E. singularis in ascospores. The inoculation results showed that these five Cryphonectriaceae fungi isolated from chestnut or oak are all pathogenic to tested chestnut branches. Cryphonectria parasitica appears to be the most aggressive fungus, followed by C. neoparasitica sp. nov., C. japonica, E. chinensis sp. nov. and A. castaneae sp. nov.
Corporatization in the Public Sector: Explaining the Growth of Local Government Companies
Authors: Andrews Rhys , Ferry Laurence , Skelcher Chris , Wegorowski Piotr 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe creation of companies by local governments to provide public services—referred to as “corporatization”—is an example of systemic public entrepreneurship that is popular across the world. To build knowledge of the antecedents of public sector entrepreneurship, the authors investigate the factors that lead local governments to create companies for public service delivery. Using zero‐inflated negative binomial regressions to analyze secondary data from 150 major English local governments for 2010–16, the authors find that governments with higher levels of grant dependence and debt dependence are more involved in the creation and operation of companies, as are larger governments. Further analysis reveals that very low and very high managerial capabilities are strongly associated with more involvement in profit‐making companies, while local government involvement in companies is more prevalent in deprived areas. At the same time, government ownership of companies is more common in areas with high economic output.
How to Achieve a More Resource‐Efficient and Climate‐Neutral Energy System by 2030? Views of Nordic Stakeholders
Authors: Kilpeläinen Sarah , Aalto Pami , Toivanen Pasi , Lehtonen Pinja , Holttinen Hannele 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe Nordic countries pursue ambitious energy transition goals through national energy policies and in the framework of Nordic cooperation. We propose that the transition is realistic only if it involves the public, private, and nongovernmental organization sectors as regulators, innovators, and advocates of relevant policies and solutions representing the multitude of interests involved. We examine these interests through Q methodological experiments, where 43 expert stakeholders’ rank‐order statements concerning their preferred policy measures vis‐à‐vis the electric energy system. Factor analysis of these subjectively held views produces three distinct views. The first two enjoy strong inter‐Nordic support. The first view prioritizes market and grid development, and the second view prioritizes electric transport, and solar and wind power. The third, “Finnish” view seeks to enhance security of supply, also via microgrids, and prioritizes biofuels over electric transport. Examining the common ground among the three views, we find that enhanced cooperation requires reinforced stakeholder interaction and policy coordination.