bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Template‐ and Metal‐Free Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Rich Nanoporous “Noble” Carbon Materials by Direct Pyrolysis of a Preorganized Hexaazatriphenylene Precursor
Authors: Walczak Ralf , Kurpil Bogdan , Savateev Aleksandr , Heil Tobias , Schmidt Johannes , Qin Qing , Antonietti Markus , Oschatz Martin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe targeted thermal condensation of a hexaazatriphenylene‐based precursor leads to porous and oxidation‐resistant (“noble”) carbons. Simple condensation of the pre‐aligned molecular precursor produces nitrogen‐rich carbons with C2N‐type stoichiometry. Despite the absence of any porogen and metal species involved in the synthesis, the specific surface areas of the molecular carbons reach up to 1000 m2 g−1 due to the significant microporosity of the materials. The content and type of nitrogen species is controllable by the carbonization temperature whilst porosity remains largely unaffected at the same time. The resulting noble carbons are distinguished by a highly polarizable micropore structure and have thus high adsorption affinity towards molecules such as H2O and CO2. This molecular precursor approach opens new possibilities for the synthesis of porous noble carbons under molecular control, providing access to the special physical properties of the C2N structure and extending the known spectrum of classical porous carbons.
Head–Tail Asymmetry as the Determining Factor in the Formation of Polymer Cubosomes or Hexasomes in a Rod–Coil Amphiphilic Block Copolymer
Authors: Lyu Xiaolin , Xiao Anqi , Zhang Wei , Hou Pingping , Gu Kehua , Tang Zhehao , Pan Hongbing , Wu Fan , Shen Zhihao , Fan Xing‐He 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe self‐assembly of a rod–coil amphiphilic block copolymer (ABCP) led to Im
m and Pn
m polymer cubosomes and p6mm polymer hexasomes. This is the first time that these structures are observed in a rod–coil system. By varying the hydrophobic chain length, the initial concentration of the polymer solution, or the solubility parameter of the mixed solvent, head–tail asymmetry is adjusted to control the formation of polymer cubosomes or hexasomes. The formation mechanism of the polymer cubosomes was also studied. This research opens up a new way for further study of the bicontinuous and inverse phases in different ABCP systems.
Investigation of the Relationship Between Susceptibility Loci for Hip Osteoarthritis and Dual X‐Ray Absorptiometry–Derived Hip Shape in a Population‐Based Cohort of Perimenopausal Women
Authors: Baird Denis A. , Paternoster Lavinia , Gregory Jennifer S. , Faber Benjamin G. , Saunders Fiona R. , Giuraniuc Claudiu V. , Barr Rebecca J. , Lawlor Deborah A. , Aspden Richard M. , Tobias Jonathan H. 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveTo examine relationships between known osteoarthritis (OA) susceptibility loci and hip shape in a population‐based cohort of perimenopausal women in order to investigate whether hip shape contributes to OA development.MethodsHip shape was measured, using statistical shape modeling, on dual x‐ray absorptiometry scans of the hip from mothers in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). The proximal femur and superior acetabulum were outlined, and independent hip shape modes were generated. In a subregional model, points were restricted to the acetabulum and superior femoral head. Associations between 11 OA‐related single‐nucleotide polymorphisms, identified by literature search, and shape modes were analyzed in a multivariate canonical correlation analysis.ResultsA total of 3,111 women (mean age 48 years) had genetic and hip shape data. The KLHDC5/PTHLH rs10492367 OA risk allele was associated with a wider upper femur in the whole shape model (P = 1 × 10−5). The DOT1L rs12982744 OA risk allele was associated with reduced superior joint space in the subregional shape model (P = 2 × 10−3). The COL11A1 rs4907986 OA risk allele was associated with lateral displacement of the femoral head relative to the acetabulum in the subregional shape model (P = 5 × 10−4). Regional association plots identified an additional COL11A1 locus in moderate linkage disequilibrium with rs4907986, which was more strongly associated with hip shape (rs10047217; P = 3 × 10−6). Colocalization analysis indicated sharing of genetic signals for hip shape and hip OA for the KLHDC5/PTHLH and COL11A1 loci.ConclusionHip OA susceptibility loci were associated with shape in this study, suggesting that these loci (and potentially yet‐to‐be‐identified hip OA loci) could contribute to hip OA in later life via perturbing biologic pathways that mediate morphology development.
Stabbewehrung aus Carbonfaserverstärktem Beton (CFB) für den Betonbau
Authors: Ortlepp Sebastian , Zernsdorf Kai , Schladitz Frank , Bösche Thomas 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIm Großforschungsprojekt C3 – Carbon Concrete Composite werden zukunftsweisende Bewehrungssysteme aus Carbon für den Betonbau entwickelt. Dabei werden mattenartige und stabförmige Bewehrungen betrachtet. Bisher enthalten diese Carbonbewehrungen, neben den Carbonfilamenten, vorwiegend eine Kunststoffmatrix, die die Tausenden Carbonfilamente zu einem Querschnitt zusammenfasst. Wissenschaftler der HTW Dresden und der TU Dresden verfolgen aktuell einen Ansatz, diese Kunststoffmatrix durch eine mineralische Matrix zu ersetzen, um damit die Eigenschaften der Carbonbewehrung weiter zu verbessern und um das Anwendungsfeld zu vergrößern. In diesem Beitrag werden das Grundprinzip der neuartigen Bewehrung für den Betonbau sowie zugehörige Tastversuche präsentiert. Dies soll ein Anstoß für die weitere Forschung auf diesem Gebiet sein.
Kinetically Controlled Polymorphic Superstructures of Pyrene‐Based Asymmetric Liquid Crystal Dendron: Relationship Between Hierarchical Superstructures and Photophysical Properties
Authors: Park Minwook , Kang Dong‐Gue , Choi Yu‐Jin , Yoon Won‐Jin , Koo Jahyeon , Park Seo‐Hee , Ahn Seokhoon , Jeong Kwang‐Un 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTo understand the relationship between kinetically controlled hierarchical superstructures and photophysical properties, pyrene‐based asymmetric liquid crystal (LC) dendrons (abbreviated as PD) were newly synthesized by covalently attaching a pyrene moiety (P) at a biphenyl‐based LC dendritic group (D). The phase transition behavior of PD has been systematically studied with a combined technique of thermal analysis, microscopy, spectroscopy, and scattering analysis. PD formed two different crystalline structures depending on the cooling rate: a stable crystalline phase (Ks, slow cooling) and a metastable crystalline phase (Kms, quenching). The kinetically controlled molecular packing structures of PD depend on the competition and cooperation of intermolecular physical interactions with nanophase separation. Upon slow cooling, the PD dimer formed by intermoelcular H‐bonding constructed a layered hierarchical structure with the help of nanophase separation. Owing to the strong π–π stacking (J‐aggregation) with weak H‐bondings, the PD dimer in the layer was slightly tilted to give a monoclinic layered structure with a periodic layer d‐spacing of 6.6 nm. In contrast, the metastable Kms phase formed by the quenching process showed a significant tilt of the PD dimer in the layer (d‐spacing=4.4 nm) due to the weak π–π stacking (H‐aggregation) and the strong H‐bondings.
Ring‐opening of Epoxides Mediated by Frustrated Lewis Pairs
Authors: Krachko Tetiana , Nicolas Emmanuel , Ehlers Andreas W. , Nieger Martin , Slootweg J. Chris 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTreatment of the preorganized frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) tBu2PCH2BPh2 (1) and o‐Ph2P(C6H4)BCat (Cat=catechol) (4) with 2‐methyloxirane, 2‐phenyloxirane and 2‐(trifluoromethyl)oxirane resulted in epoxide ring‐opening to yield the six‐ and seven‐membered heterocycles 2 a–c and 5 a–c, respectively. These zwitterionic products were characterized spectroscopically, and compounds 2 a, 2 b, 5 a and 5 c were structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray structure analyses. Based on computational and kinetic studies, the mechanism of these reactions was found to proceed via activation of the epoxide by the Lewis acidic borane moiety followed by nucleophilic attack of the phosphine of a second FLP molecule. The resulting chain‐like intermediates afford the final cyclic products by ring‐closure and concurrent release of the second equivalent of FLP that behaves as catalyst in this reaction.
Achieving differential privacy against non‐intrusive load monitoring in smart grid: A fog computing approach
Authors: Cao Hui , Liu Shubo , Wu Longfei , Guan Zhitao , Du Xiaojiang 
Published: June 2018

SummaryFog computing, a non‐trivial extension of cloud computing to the edge of the network, has great advantage in providing services with a lower latency. In smart grid, the application of fog computing can greatly facilitate the collection of consumer's fine‐grained energy consumption data, which can then be used to draw the load curve and develop a plan or model for power generation. However, such data may also reveal customer's daily activities. Non‐intrusive load monitoring (NILM) can monitor an electrical circuit that powers a number of appliances switching on and off independently. If an adversary analyzes the meter readings together with the data measured by an NILM device, the customer's privacy will be disclosed. In this paper, we propose an effective privacy‐preserving scheme for electric load monitoring, which can guarantee differential privacy of data disclosure in smart grid. In the proposed scheme, an energy consumption behavior model based on Factorial Hidden Markov Model (FHMM) is established. In addition, noise is added to the behavior parameter, which is different from the traditional methods that usually add noise to the energy consumption data. The analysis shows that the proposed scheme can get a better trade‐off between utility and privacy compared with other popular methods.
A path detecting method to analyze the interactive compatibility of service processes based on WS‐BPEL
Authors: Hu Qiang , Liu Minghua , Zhao Zhen , Du Junwei 
Published: June 2018

SummaryPetri nets are frequently used formal tools to analyze the compatibility of interactive service processes described by Web Services Business Process Execution Language (WS‐BPEL). However, the traditional methods based on Petri nets were with a high computable complexity for state space explosion. To resolve such problem, a logic Petri net–based path detecting method for compatibility analysis of interactive service processes is proposed. From the provided mapping rules, the service process described by WS‐BPEL is modeled as a service net based on logic Petri nets. The evaluation of interactive compatibility of two service processes is converted to analyze whether their service nets can be composed as a non‐blocked synthetic service net. The non‐blocked property is checked by detecting the reachability of the potential connected paths in a service net. To reduce the complexity of computing the connected paths in a service net, we propose a merge‐reduced method to generate the path expression of its skeleton service net. The potential connected paths of a service net can be obtained by unfolding the path expression. Compared with the traditional method based Petri nets, the proposed method is with high efficiency and it can greatly alleviate the problem of state space explosion in analyzing interactive compatibility of service processes.
Retracted: Evaluation of the predictive performance of the principal component two‐parameter estimator
Authors: Li Rong , Li Fei , Huang Jiewu 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRetraction: Li R, Li F, Huang J. Evaluation of the predictive performance of the principal component two‐parameter estimator. Concurrency Computat Pract Exper. 2019;31:e4710. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.4710 The above article, published online on 7th June 2018 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal Editor, Professor Geoffrey Fox, and John Wiley and Sons Ltd. The retraction has been agreed due to inaccuracies in the formula derivation resulting in foundational errors throughout the article that are beyond the scope of an erratum.
Reactivity of CO and C2H4 on Bimetallic PtxAg1‐x/Pt(111) Surface Alloys Investigated by High‐Resolution X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Authors: Bauer U. , Späth F. , Düll F. , Bachmann P. , Steinhauer J. , Steinrück H.‐P. , Papp C. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the group of Dr. Christian Papp at the chair of Prof. Hans‐Peter Steinrück. The image shows the two metals platinum and silver that form a bimetallic surface alloy in the first layer. On this model catalyst, depending on the relative Ag content, the adsorption strength of CO can be enhanced and C−H bond activation (e.g. for C2H4 production) is achieved much easier as deduced from the diagrams on top. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/cphc.201800044.
Transition Metal‐Free CO2 Fixation into New Carbon–Carbon Bonds
Authors: Cherubini‐Celli Alessio , Mateos Javier , Bonchio Marcella , Dell'Amico Luca , Companyó Xavier 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCO2 is the ultimate renewable carbon source on Earth and the essential C1 building block for carbohydrate biosynthesis in photosynthetic organisms. Modern synthetic chemistry is facing the key challenge of developing fundamental transformations, such as C−C bond formation, in a sustainable and efficient manner from renewable sources. In this Minireview, the most significant methods recently reported for CO2 fixation under transition metal‐free conditions are summarized, organized into three different chapters according to the nature of the chemical transformation that forges the new C−C bond. The focus is on the mechanistic aspects of the different CO2 activation modes, with specific attention to those systems that operate under catalytic conditions.
Genome‐wide identification, expression profiling, and target gene analysis of microRNAs in the Onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), vectors of tospoviruses (Bunyaviridae)
Authors: Balan Rebijith K. , Ramasamy Asokan , Hande Ranjitha H. , Gawande Suresh J. , Krishna Kumar Nallur K. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThrips tabaci Lindeman is an important polyphagous insect pest species estimated to cause losses of more than U.S. $1 billion worldwide annually. Chemical insecticides are of limited use in the management of T. tabaci due to the thigmokinetic behavior and development of resistance to insecticides. There is an urgent need to find alternative management strategies. Small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) especially microRNAs (miRNAs) hold great promise as key regulators of gene expression in a wide range of organisms. MiRNAs are a group of endogenously originated sncRNA known to regulate gene expression in animals, plants, and protozoans. In this study, we explored these RNAs in T. tabaci using deep sequencing to provide a basis for future studies of their biological and physiological roles in governing gene expression. Apart from snoRNAs and piRNAs, our study identified nine novel and 130 known miRNAs from T. tabaci. Functional classification of the targets for these miRNAs predicted that majority are involved in regulating transcription, translation, signal transduction and genetic information processing. The higher expression of few miRNAs (such as tta‐miR‐281, tta‐miR‐184, tta‐miR‐3533, tta‐miR‐N1, tta‐miR‐N7, and tta‐miR‐N9) in T. tabaci pupal and adult stages reflected their possible role in larval and adult development, metamorphosis, parthenogenesis, and reproduction. This is the first exploration of the miRNAome in T. tabaci, which not only provides insights into their possible role in insect metamorphosis, growth, and development but also offer an important resource for future pest management strategies.
Genetic structure of twoProsopisspecies in Chaco areas: A lack of allelic diversity diagnosis and insights into the allelic conservation of the affected species
Authors: Alves Fábio M. , Sartori Ângela L. B. , Zucchi Maria I. , Azevedo‐Tozzi Ana M. G. , Tambarussi Evandro V. , Alves‐Pereira Alessandro , de Souza Anete P. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe Gran Chaco is the largest continuous region of the South American dry forest, spanning Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, and Brazil.Prosopis rubrifloraandProsopis ruscifoliaare typical tree species of chaquenian area forests, which have been subjected to continuous fragmentation caused by cattle raising. This study evaluatedP. rubrifloraandP. ruscifoliain areas with varying levels of disturbance. We investigated the contemporary genetic diversities of both species in areas with distinct anthropogenic disturbances. Even with a lower heterozygote frequency, disturbed areas can provide important storage for alleles, allowing the maintenance of diversity. The genetic diversity ofP. rubriflorawas surprisingly similar to that ofP. ruscifolia(He = 0.59 andHe = 0.60, respectively) even with very different distribution ranges of both species. However,P. ruscifoliaexhibited a higher intrapopulation fixation index thanP. rubriflora.P. rubriflorashowed evidence of bottlenecking in 64% of the sampled areas, whileP. ruscifoliashowed such evidence in 36% of the sampled areas. Additionally,P. rubriflorahad two distinct populations due to its disjunctive geographic distribution, whereasP. ruscifoliahad a single population that exhibited few signs of population structure in some areas, possibly due to the main pollinators presenting a short range of dispersion. Our results suggest that 42 Chaco areas should be conserved to retain the minimum of 500 individuals necessary to maintain genetic diversity for 100–1,000 generations. This study improves our understanding of these twoProsopisspecies and provides information for the conservation of their genetic diversities.
Consumption explains intraspecific variation in nutrient recycling stoichiometry in a desert fish
Authors: Moody Eric K. , Carson Evan W. , Corman Jessica R. , Espinosa‐Pérez Hector , Ramos Jorge , Sabo John L. , Elser James J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractConsumer‐driven nutrient recycling can have substantial effects on primary production and patterns of nutrient limitation in aquatic ecosystems by altering the rates as well as the relative supplies of the key nutrients nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). While variation in nutrient recycling stoichiometry has been well‐studied among species, the mechanisms that explain intraspecific variation in recycling N:P are not well‐understood. We examined the relative importance of potential drivers of variation in nutrient recycling by the fish Gambusia marshi among aquatic habitats in the Cuatro Ciénegas basin of Coahuila, Mexico. There, G. marshi inhabits warm thermal springs with high predation pressure as well as cooler, surface runoff‐fed systems with low predation pressure. We hypothesized that variation in food consumption among these habitats would drive intraspecific differences in excretion rates and N:P ratios. Stoichiometric models predicted that temperature alone should not cause substantial variation in excretion N:P, but that further reducing consumption rates should substantially increase excretion N:P. We performed temperature and diet ration manipulation experiments in the laboratory and found strong support for model predictions. We then tested these predictions in the field by measuring nutrient recycling rates and ratios as well as body stoichiometry of fish from nine sites that vary in temperature and predation pressure. Fish from warm, high‐predation sites excreted nutrients at a lower N:P ratio than fish from cool, low‐predation sites, consistent with the hypothesis that reduced consumption under reduced predation pressure had stronger consequences for P retention and excretion among populations than did variation in body stoichiometry. These results highlight the utility of stoichiometric models for predicting variation in consumer‐driven nutrient recycling within a phenotypically variable species.
Effect of patient and nurse ethnicity on emergency department analgesia for children with appendicitis in israeli government hospitals
Authors: Shavit I. , Jacob R. , Friedman N. , Capua T. , Klein A. , Chistyakov I. , Moldaver I. , Krupik D. , Munchak I. , Abozaid S. , Rimon A. , Meirson G. , Leiba R. , Cohen D.M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundEthnicity is a risk factor for disparate Emergency Department (ED) analgesia. We aimed to explore ethnic variations in the administration of ED analgesia to children with acute appendicitis in Israeli government hospitals.MethodsChildren discharged with an International Classification of Disease‐Ninth Revision diagnosis of acute appendicitis between 2010 and 2015 were included. The association between patient ethnicity (Jewish, Arab) and analgesia administration (any, opioid) was assessed. Age, gender, triage category, pain score and time of arrival were tested as possible confounders. The effect of patient–nurse ethnic discordance (PNED) was examined.ResultsOverall, 4714 children with acute appendicitis, 3520 Jewish and 1194 Arab, were cared for in the EDs; 1516 (32.2%) received any analgesia and 368 (7.8%) opioid analgesia. Stratified by pain score, no statistical differences were found in the administration of any or opioid analgesia between Jewish and Arab patients with either severe pain or moderate pain. In multivariate modelling adjusted for pain score and triage category, the rates of any analgesia for Arab and Jewish patients were 31.8% (95% CI, 30.9–32.6) and 36.5% (95% CI, 36.0–36.9), adjusted OR (aOR) = 1.16 (95% CI, 0.98–1.38), respectively. The rates of opioid analgesia for Arab and Jewish patients were 8.5% (95% CI, 8.2–8.9) and 7.9% (95% CI, 7.3–8.7), aOR = 0.77; (95% CI, 0.59–1.22), respectively. Jewish and Arab nurses treated proportionally fewer patients from the opposite ethnicity with any analgesia (p < 0.01).ConclusionEmergency Department analgesia was markedly low, and not associated with patient ethnicity. PNED was associated with decreased rates of analgesia.SignificanceEmergency Department analgesia for children with acute appendicitis in Israeli government hospitals is markedly low. Patient–provider ethnic discordance may negatively influence the provision of analgesia. Significant efforts should be undertaken in order to increase analgesia provision rates and reduce social inequality.