bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is diabetes associated with malaria and malaria severity? A systematic review of observational studies
Authors: Carrillo-Larco Rodrigo M. , Altez-Fernandez Carlos , Ugarte-Gil Cesar 
Published: September 2019

Background: We conducted a systematic review to study the association between diabetes as a risk factor for malaria. Methods: The search was conducted in Embase, Global Health, MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science. Titles and abstracts were screened, full-text studied and information extracted for qualitative synthesis. Risk of bias was assessed with ROBINS-I criteria. The exposure was diabetes and the outcome malaria or malaria severity. Results: Of 1992 results, three studies were included (n=7,226). Two studies found strong associations: people with diabetes had higher odds of malaria (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.46 (95% CI: 1.06-2.03)) and severe malaria (aOR: 2.98 (95% CI: 1.25-7.09)). One study did not find conclusive evidence: aOR for severe malaria was 0.95 (95% CI: 0.71-1.28). Risk of bias was high in all the studies. Conclusions: Although the available evidence on the association between diabetes and malaria is limited, the results may suggest there is a non-trivial positive relationship between these conditions.
Influence of Social Media Emotional Word of Mouth on Institutional Investors’ Decisions and Firm Value
Authors: Nguyen Hang , Calantone Roger , Krishnan Ranjani 
Published: September 2019

This paper examines how customer sentiment expressed through social media influences institutional investors’ investment decisions and firm value. We use psychology theory to classify the emotional content of social media-based word of mouth, which we refer to as ESWOM. We examine whether ESWOM influences institutional investors’ stockholdings differentially based on investor type and if institutional investors’ stockholdings mediate the relation between ESWOM and firm value. We identify eight types of ESWOM by linguistically interpreting web scrapings of millions of social media posts on 38 corporate brands for the 2007–2015 period. We find differential effects of ESWOM on stockholdings of institutional investors. Dedicated and quasi-index institutional investors increase their stockholdings in response to increases in positive ESWOM such as joy and trust. Transient investors decrease their stockholdings in response to increases in negative ESWOM such as anger, disgust, and fear. Competitive intensity and intangible asset intensity influence these results. Path analysis indicates that ESWOM influences firm abnormal stock returns and idiosyncratic risk both directly and indirectly through its effects on institutional investors’ stockholdings. These findings support our hypothesis that investors’ responses to customer sentiment vary based on whether they follow long-term or short-term investment strategies. Our research highlights the importance of understanding the heterogeneous preferences of institutional investors and their use of social media information for decision making.This paper was accepted by Suraj Srinivasan, accounting.
On the intersections of age, gender and sexualities in research on ageing
Authors: Calasanti Toni 
Published: September 2019

This chapter outlines an intersectional lens that considers the impacts of age, gender, and sexualities on gay and lesbian elders. It defines social inequalities and specify intersectionality as a theory of how they relate, drawing on Crenshaw’s (1991) original concept, which indicates how overlapping categorical status creates unique effects. It then outline the intersections of age, gender, and sexuality in the study of gay and lesbian elders. It focuses in particular on age relations as this inequality is often left out of scholarship on gay men and lesbians, even that which focuses on elders. The last part of the chapter suggests a model for research on same-sex partner caregiving that would illuminate intersections of gender, sexuality, and age in this context.
Chemomertic Risk Assessment of Soil Pollution
Authors: Nedyalkova Miroslava , Simeonov Vasil 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this study, an interpretation and modeling of the soil quality by monitoring data using an intelligent data analysis is presented. On an annual average, values of 12 soil surface chemical parameters as input variables were determined at 35 sampling sites as objects of the study in the region of Burgas, Bulgaria are used as input data set. Cluster analysis (hierarchical and non hierarchical methods abbreviated as HCA and K-means, respectively) and the principal components analysis (PCA) are used as chemometric tools for data interpretation, classification and modeling. Additionally, principal components regression analysis (APCS approach) is introduced to determine the contribution of each identified by PCA latent factor to the total concentration of the chemical parameters. The formation of different patterns of similarity between the variables or the objects of the study by cluster analysis is interpreted with respect to the risk of pollution or spatial conditions. The input data set structure is analyzed by PCA in order to determine the most significant factors responsible for the data structure. Four major patterns of similarity between the chemical parameters measured are found to define soil quality in the region related to industrial and agricultural activity in the region since the objects are separated into two patterns corresponding to each geographical location of the sampling sites. Analogous results were obtained by the use of PCA where the level of explanation of the data set structure is quantitatively assessed by the total explained variance of the system. The apportionment model indicated that the contribution of latent factors (sources of pollution) to the total chemical concentration of the species tested – pH, soil nutrition components, total and organic carbon content and toxic metals.
Almost isotropic Kähler manifolds
Authors: Schmidt Benjamin , Shankar Krishnan , Spatzier Ralf 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Let M be a complete Riemannian manifold and suppose

p
∈
M

{p\in M}

. For each unit vector

v
∈

T
p

⁢
M

{v\in T_{p}M}

, the Jacobi operator,

𝒥
v

:

v
⊥

→

v
⊥

{\mathcal{J}_{v}:v^{\perp}\rightarrow v^{\perp}}

is the symmetric endomorphism,

𝒥
v

⁢

(
w
)

=

R
⁢

(
w
,
v
)

⁢
v

{\mathcal{J}_{v}(w)=R(w,v)v}

. Then p is an isotropic point if there exists a constant

κ
p

∈
ℝ

{\kappa_{p}\in{\mathbb{R}}}

such that

𝒥
v

=

κ
p

⁢

Id

v
⊥

{\mathcal{J}_{v}=\kappa_{p}\operatorname{Id}_{v^{\perp}}}

for each unit vector

v
∈

T
p

⁢
M

{v\in T_{p}M}

. If all points are isotropic, then M is said to be isotropic; it is a classical result of Schur that isotropic manifolds of dimension at least 3 have constant sectional curvatures.
In this paper we consider almost isotropic manifolds, i.e. manifolds having the property that for each

p
∈
M

{p\in M}

, there exists a constant

κ
p

∈
ℝ

{\kappa_{p}\in\mathbb{R}}

such that the Jacobi operators

𝒥
v

{\mathcal{J}_{v}}

satisfy

rank
⁡

(

𝒥
v

-

κ
p

⁢

Id

v
⊥

)

≤
1

{\operatorname{rank}({\mathcal{J}_{v}-\kappa_{p}\operatorname{Id}_{v^{\perp}}}%
)\leq 1}

for each unit vector

v
∈

T
p

⁢
M

{v\in T_{p}M}

. Our main theorem classifies the almost isotropic simply connected Kähler manifolds, proving that those of dimension

d
=

2
⁢
n

⩾
4

{d=2n\geqslant 4}

are either isometric to complex projective space or complex hyperbolic space or are totally geodesically foliated by leaves isometric to

ℂ

n
-
1

{{\mathbb{C}}^{n-1}}

.
Evaluation of the possible hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic potentials of theAverrhoa carambolajuice extract in female albino rats
Authors: Aba Patrick E. , Amadi Augustus U. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundAverrhoa carambolafruit is consumed by many people because of its sweetness and medicinal values. However, there is a dearth of researched information on its complete toxicity profile. This study investigated the possible toxicity potentials of star fruit juice in female albino rats.MethodsThirty-five rats assigned into seven groups of five rats each and administered with varying doses (0, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 and 5000 mg/kg) of the juice were used for acute toxicity studies. Another 20 rats assigned to four groups (A–D) of five rats each were administered the juice at 0, 600, 400 and 200 mg/kg body weight orally for 28 days. On the 29th day, whole blood, sera and vital organs were collected for hematological, serum biochemical and histopathological analyses, respectively.ResultsAcute study results indicate that the juice was safe even at 5000 mg/kg after 48 h. In the subacute studies, there were no significant (p < 0.05) differences in all hematological parameters, total protein, albumin and globulin values of the treated groups compared with those of the control group. The aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities, as well as urea, creatinine and malondialdehyde values of the rats treated with the juice were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those of the control rats in a dose-dependent manner. The liver and kidney histomorphologies of the rats treated with the juice showed lesions of degeneration and necrosis when compared with those of the control.ConclusionThe juice ofA. carambolais both nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic but had no deleterious effects on the hematology.
Precariousness and Philosophical Critique: Towards an Open-Field Combat with Harman’s OOO
Authors: Arnaut André 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Philosophical critiques are prone to relapse into a sort of entrenchment in which the basic elements of a philosophy are kept from exposure, so that instead of advancing, philosophy easily becomes compartmentalized into specific trends. This article thus seeks the conditions of a non-entrenched, open-field philosophical critique in general and, in particular, of an open-field critique of Harman’s OOO (object-oriented ontology). For that purpose, the idea of precariousness is introduced, which is then confronted with some ideas concerning philosophical critique and practice, in particular those of François Laruelle. Since we can find in Harman’s OOO an outline of what we call here an open-field critique, the field of combat against Harman will be the one concerning the idea of an open field itself.
Nikolai Berdyaev’s Dialectics of Freedom: In Search for Spiritual Freedom
Authors: Bodea Raul-Ovidiu 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In Berdyaev’s notion of freedom the borders between theology and philosophy seem to fall down. The same existential concern for spiritual freedom is at the heart of both theology and philosophy. From the point of view of existential philosophy as Berdyaev understands it, only a theologically informed account of freedom, could do justice to the concept of freedom. But a freedom determined by God is not what Berdyaev had in mind as representing authentic freedom. It was necessary for him to reinterpret Jakob Boehme’s concept of Ungrund to arrive at a notion of uncreated freedom that both God and man share. But the articulation of this freedom, and an account of it within our fallen world could only be done as a philosophical pursuit. To arrive at the authentic understanding of spiritual freedom, that is theologically informed, Berdyaev believes that a philosophical rejection of erroneous views of freedom should take place. The articulation of the notion of freedom that does justice to the complexity of the existential situation of both God and man is not for Berdyaev a purpose in itself. The purpose is the arrival at a non-objectified knowledge of freedom that would inform a theologically committed existential attitude.
Could electrical coupling contribute to the formation of cell assemblies?
Authors: Traub Roger D. , Whittington Miles A. , Maier Nikolaus , Schmitz Dietmar , Nagy James I. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Cell assemblies and central pattern generators (CPGs) are related types of neuronal networks: both consist of interacting groups of neurons whose collective activities lead to defined functional outputs. In the case of a cell assembly, the functional output may be interpreted as a representation of something in the world, external or internal; for a CPG, the output ‘drives’ an observable (i.e. motor) behavior. Electrical coupling, via gap junctions, is critical for the development of CPGs, as well as for their actual operation in the adult animal. Electrical coupling is also known to be important in the development of hippocampal and neocortical principal cell networks. We here argue that electrical coupling – in addition to chemical synapses – may therefore contribute to the formation of at least some cell assemblies in adult animals.
Mobilitätsbedingte Klimawirkung einer alpinen Tourismusdestination
Authors: Mailer Markus , Abegg Bruno , Jänicke Leandra , Bursa Bartosz 
Published: September 2019

Zusammenfassung
Anhand von Befragungen in der Tiroler Gemeinde Alpbach wird untersucht, in wie weit sich das Bewusstsein für die Zusammenhänge zwischen Tourismus und Klimawandel bei Bewohnern, Beschäftigten und Gästen unterscheidet. Zudem wird eine Gesamtjahresbilanz der Mobilität von Gästen, Bewohnern und Beschäftigten und des damit verbundenen CO2-Ausstoßes dieser Gemeinde abgeschätzt. Zwar ist bei allen Gruppen ein grundsätzliches Problembewusstsein festzustellen und eine gewisse Bereitschaft für Maßnahmen zur Reduktion von Energieverbrauch und CO2-Emissionen auf Reisen, soweit diese keine wesentlichen Einschränkungen im Urlaubsverhalten betreffen. Im Detail zeigen sich jedoch signifikante Unterschiede. Da die Gesamtbilanz der Mobilität die hohe Bedeutung der An- und Abreise für die CO2-Jahresbilanz untermauert, sind mit dem Wissen über das vorhandene Bewusstsein Maßnahmen abzuleiten.
Amyloid-Beta Modulates Low-Threshold Activated Voltage-Gated L-Type Calcium Channels of Arcuate Neuropeptide Y Neurons Leading to Calcium Dysregulation and Hypothalamic Dysfunction
Authors: Ishii Makoto , Hiller Abigail J. , Pham Laurie , McGuire Matthew J. , Iadecola Costantino , Wang Gang 
Published: September 2019

Weight loss is an early manifestation of Alzheimer's disease that can precede the cognitive decline, raising the possibility that amyloid-β (Aβ) disrupts hypothalamic neurons critical for the regulation of body weight. We previously reported that, in young transgenic mice overexpressing mutated amyloid precursor protein (Tg2576), Aβ causes dysfunction in neuropeptide Y (NPY)-expressing hypothalamic arcuate neurons before plaque formation. In this study, we examined whether Aβ causes arcuate NPY neuronal dysfunction by disrupting intracellular Ca2+homeostasis. Here, we found that the L-type Ca2+channel blocker nimodipine could hyperpolarize the membrane potential, decrease the spontaneous activity, and reduce the intracellular Ca2+levels in arcuate NPY neurons from Tg2576 brain slices. In these neurons, there was a shift from high to low voltage-threshold activated L-type Ca2+currents, resulting in increased Ca2+influx closer to the resting membrane potential, an effect recapitulated by Aβ1–42and reversed by nimodipine. These low voltage-threshold activated L-type Ca2+currents were dependent in part on calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and IP3pathways. Furthermore, the effects on intracellular Ca2+signaling by both a positive (ghrelin) and negative (leptin) modulator were blunted in these neurons. Nimodipine pretreatment restored the response to ghrelin-mediated feeding in young (3–5 months), but not older (10 months), female Tg2576 mice, suggesting that intracellular Ca2+dysregulation is only reversible early in Aβ pathology. Collectively, these findings provide evidence for a key role for low-threshold activated voltage gated L-type Ca2+channels in Aβ-mediated neuronal dysfunction and in the regulation of body weight.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWeight loss is one of the earliest manifestations of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the underlying cellular mechanisms remain unknown. Disruption of intracellular Ca2+homeostasis by amyloid-β is hypothesized to be critical for the early neuronal dysfunction driving AD pathogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that amyloid-β causes a shift from high to low voltage-threshold activated L-type Ca2+currents in arcuate neuropeptide Y neurons. This leads to increased Ca2+influx closer to the resting membrane potential, resulting in intracellular Ca2+dyshomeostasis and neuronal dysfunction, an effect reversible by the L-type Ca2+channel blocker nimodipine early in amyloid-β pathology. These findings highlight a novel mechanism of amyloid-β-mediated neuronal dysfunction through L-type Ca2+channels and the importance of these channels in the regulation of body weight.
Impairment of Sharp-Wave Ripples in a Murine Model of Dravet Syndrome
Authors: Cheah Christine S. , Lundstrom Brian N. , Catterall William A. , Oakley John C. 
Published: September 2019

Dravet syndrome (DS) is a severe early-onset epilepsy associated with heterozygous loss-of-function mutations inSCN1A. Animal models of DS with globalScn1ahaploinsufficiency recapitulate the DS phenotype, including seizures, premature death, and impaired spatial memory performance. Spatial memory requires hippocampal sharp-wave ripples (SPW-Rs), which consist of high-frequency field potential oscillations (ripples, 100–260 Hz) superimposed on a slower SPW. Publishedin vitroelectrophysiologic recordings in DS mice demonstrate reduced firing of GABAergic inhibitory neurons, which are essential for the formation of SPW-R complexes. Here,in vivoelectrophysiologic recordings of hippocampal local field potential in both male and female mice demonstrate thatScn1ahaploinsufficiency slows intrinsic ripple frequency and reduces the rate of SPW-R occurrence. In DS mice, peak ripple-band power is shifted to lower frequencies, average intertrough intervals of individually detected ripples are slower, and the rate of SPW-R generation is reduced, while SPW amplitude remains unaffected. These alterations in SPW-R properties, in combination with published reductions in interneuron function in DS, suggest a direct link between reduced inhibitory neuron excitability and impaired SPW-R function. A simple interconnected, conductance-basedin silicointerneuron network model was used to determine whether reduced sodium conductance is sufficient to slow ripple frequency, and stimulation with a modeled SPW demonstrates that reduced sodium conductance alone is sufficient to slow oscillatory frequencies. These findings forge a potential mechanistic link between impaired SPW-R generation andScn1amutation in DS mice, expanding the set of disorders in which SPW-R dysfunction contributes to impaired memory.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDisruption of sharp-wave ripples, a characteristic hippocampal rhythm coordinated by the precise timing of GABAergic interneurons, impairs spatial learning and memory. Priorin vitropatch-clamp recordings in brain slices from genetic mouse models of Dravet syndrome (DS) reveal reduced sodium current and excitability in GABAergic interneurons but not excitatory cells, suggesting a causal role for impaired interneuron activity in seizures and cognitive impairment. Here, heterozygousScn1amutation in DS mice reduces hippocampal sharp-wave ripple occurrence and slows internal ripple frequencyin vivoand a simplein silicomodel demonstrates reduction in interneuron function alone is sufficient to slow model oscillations. Together, these findings provide a plausible pathophysiologic mechanism forScn1agene mutation to impair spatial memory.
Skilled Movements in Mice Require Inhibition of Corticospinal Axon Collateral Formation in the Spinal Cord by Semaphorin Signaling
Authors: Gu Zirong , Ueno Masaki , Klinefelter Kelsey , Mamidi Madhulika , Yagi Takeshi , Yoshida Yutaka 
Published: September 2019

Corticospinal (CS) neurons in layer V of the sensorimotor cortex are essential for voluntary motor control. Those neurons project axons to specific segments along the rostro-caudal axis of the spinal cord, and reach their spinal targets by sending collateral branches interstitially along axon bundles. Currently, little is known how CS axon collaterals are formed in the proper spinal cord regions. Here, we show that the semaphorin3A (Sema3A)–neuropilin-1 (Npn-1) signaling pathway is an essential negative regulator of CS axon collateral formation in the spinal cord from mice of either sex. Sema3A is expressed in the ventral spinal cord, whereas CS neurons express Npn-1, suggesting that Sema3A might prevent CS axons from entering the ventral spinal cord. Indeed, the ectopic expression of Sema3A in the spinal cordin vivoinhibits CS axon collateral formation, whereasSema3AorNpn-1mutant mice have ectopic CS axon collateral formation within the ventral spinal cord compared with littermate controls. Finally,Npn-1mutant mice exhibit impaired skilled movements, likely because of aberrantly formed CS connections in the ventral spinal cord. These genetic findings reveal that Sema3A–Npn-1 signaling-mediated inhibition of CS axon collateral formation is critical for proper CS circuit formation and the ability to perform skilled motor behaviors.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCS neurons project axons to the spinal cord to control skilled movements in mammals. Previous studies revealed some of the molecular mechanisms underlying different phases of CS circuit development such as initial axon guidance in the brain, and midline crossing in the brainstem and spinal cord. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying CS axon collateral formation in the spinal gray matter has remained obscure. In this study, usingin vivogain-of- and loss-of-function experiments, we show that Sema3A–Npn-1 signaling functions to inhibit CS axon collateral formation in the ventral spinal cord, allowing for the development of proper skilled movements in mice.
HOMILETICS IN KYIV THEOLOGICAL ACADEMY: SPECIFIC FEATURES OF TEACHING PEDAGOGICALLY ORIENTED DISCIPLINE (THE END OF THE 19th CENTURY – THE BEGINNING OF THE 20th CENTURY)
Authors: TVERDOKHLIB Tetiana 
Published: September 2019

Based on the analysis of original sources, the changes in pedagogical component of Homiletics (Church Eloquence) in Kyiv Theological Academy at the end of the 19th century – at the beginning of the 20th century have been revealed in the article. The forms of teaching this discipline have been characterized. They were lectures, practical classes, repetitions, colloquiums, exams, students’ independent extra-curriculum work, writing sermons and candidate works. Educational and methodical support of teaching has been determined. The general professional level of Homiletics lecturers (V. Pevnytskyi, M. Grossu, T. Liashchenko (Archimandrite Tikhon)) has been characterized. The article focuses on V. Pevnytskyi’s contribution to development of Homiletics as a subject in Kyiv Theological Academy in the period under research.