bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of processing type tomato plant genetic resources (Solanum lycopersicumL.) for their nutritional properties in different environments
Authors: Csambalik László , Gál Izóra , Sipos László , Gere Attila , Koren Dániel , Bíró Barbara , Divéky-Ertsey Anna 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this work, 10 processing type Hungarian tomato gene bank accessions were investigated in a 3-year open-field experiment together with three commercial varieties for quantifying the genotype × environment interaction for their total soluble solids, total acid, dry matter, lycopene, total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity. Results showed remarkable differences of accessions in phytonutrient content over the 3 years (environments). Genotype main effect plus genotype × environment interaction biplots were created for the visualization of the best performing samples and of their relation to a theoretical best variety. Obovate fruit-shaped accessions (especially RCAT031257 and RCAT060349) reached outstanding nutritional results in every environment. According to extremities in weather conditions, two landraces (RCAT060348 and RCAT060349) with higher drought tolerance, and two (RCAT031257 and RCAT029837) less prone to excessive rainfalls were identified. The results can contribute to the enrichment of tomato nutritional phenotypic data banks, facilitating the utilization of gene bank accessions in genomic studies.
Which types of feedback do CBT students in training value most?
Authors: Bonney Alexandra , Pettit Sharon 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFeedback is regarded as a highly important component in improving work and learning; despite this, there is a lack of research into what feedback types and characteristics cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) students value. The aim of this current research was to identify which types of feedback are valued most by CBT students during training. Using a budgeting methodology, students were asked to ‘purchase’ feedback types they valued the most in their learning. This was achieved by using budgets of different sizes to distinguish between necessities and luxuries as part of an online study. Out of nine types of feedback provided during CBT training, the written feedback on full session video recordings of their own therapy was identified as most valuable to students’ learning. Written feedback on full session video recordings is highly valued by CBT students. This arguably justifies the workload involved for training courses in providing detailed formative feedback on therapy recordings.Key learning aims
(1)To know which aspects of feedback are prioritized by CBT students during training.(2)To explore these preferences using a budgeting paradigm from broader educational literature.(3)To help supervisors and trainers know how to prioritize if time and resources are stretched.
Perspectives on memory, forgiveness and reconciliation in Cambodia's post-Khmer Rouge society
Authors: Pham Phuong N. , Balthazard Mychelle , Gibbons Niamh , Vinck Patrick 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTransitional justice is a conspicuous feature of responses to mass atrocities. Rooted in accountability and redress for victims, transitional justice mechanisms influence and are influenced by collective memory of conflicts. This article looks at the dynamics between memory, trauma and forgiveness in Cambodia. Thirty years after the Khmer Rouge regime, Cambodians expressed limited knowledge of the past, a strong desire for the truth, and lingering feelings of hatred. The Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC) created or renewed demand for truth, along with some desire for harm to come to the wrongdoers. Although the ECCC was set up several decades after the mass atrocities, the data suggest that the ECCC and the civil society movement associated with it may have had positive outcomes on addressing the legacy of the violence.
Integration of mesopores and crystal defects in metal-organic frameworks via templated electrosynthesis
Authors: Kang Xinchen , Lyu Kai , Li Lili , Li Jiangnan , Kimberley Louis , Wang Bin , Liu Lifei , Cheng Yongqiang , Frogley Mark D. , Rudić Svemir , Ramirez-Cuesta Anibal J. , Dryfe Robert A. W. , Han Buxing , Yang Sihai , Schröder Martin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIncorporation of mesopores and active sites into metal-organic framework (MOF) materials to uncover new efficient catalysts is a highly desirable but challenging task. We report the first example of a mesoporous MOF obtained by templated electrosynthesis using an ionic liquid as both electrolyte and template. The mesoporous Cu(II)-MOF MFM-100 has been synthesised in 100 seconds at room temperature, and this material incorporates crystal defects with uncoupled Cu(II) centres as evidenced by confocal fluorescence microscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. MFM-100 prepared in this way shows exceptional catalytic activity for the aerobic oxidation of alcohols to produce aldehydes in near quantitative yield and selectivity under mild conditions, as well as having excellent stability and reusability over repeated cycles. The catalyst-substrate binding interactions have been probed by inelastic neutron scattering. This study offers a simple strategy to create mesopores and active sites simultaneously via electrochemical formation of crystal defects to promote efficient catalysis using MOFs.
Development of a forward-oriented therapeutic lentiviral vector for hemoglobin disorders
Authors: Uchida Naoya , Hsieh Matthew M. , Raines Lydia , Haro-Mora Juan J. , Demirci Selami , Bonifacino Aylin C. , Krouse Allen E. , Metzger Mark E. , Donahue Robert E. , Tisdale John F. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene therapy is being evaluated for hemoglobin disorders including sickle cell disease (SCD). Therapeutic globin vectors have demanding requirements including high-efficiency transduction at the HSC level and high-level, erythroid-specific expression with long-term persistence. The requirement of intron 2 for high-level β-globin expression dictates a reverse-oriented globin-expression cassette to prevent its loss from RNA splicing. Current reverse-oriented globin vectors can drive phenotypic correction, but they are limited by low vector titers and low transduction efficiencies. Here we report a clinically relevant forward-oriented β-globin-expressing vector, which has sixfold higher vector titers and four to tenfold higher transduction efficiency for long-term hematopoietic repopulating cells in humanized mice and rhesus macaques. Insertion of Rev response element (RRE) allows intron 2 to be retained, and β-globin production is observed in transplanted macaques and human SCD CD34+ cells. These findings bring us closer to a widely applicable gene therapy for hemoglobin disorders.
Nanopore device-based fingerprinting of RNA oligos and microRNAs enhanced with an Osmium tag
Authors: Sultan Madiha , Kanavarioti Anastassia 
Published: October 2019

AbstractProtein and solid-state nanopores are used for DNA/RNA sequencing as well as for single molecule analysis. We proposed that selective labeling/tagging may improve base-to-base resolution of nucleic acids via nanopores. We have explored one specific tag, the Osmium tetroxide 2,2′-bipyridine (OsBp), which conjugates to pyrimidines and leaves purines intact. Earlier reports using OsBp-tagged oligodeoxyribonucleotides demonstrated proof-of-principle during unassisted voltage-driven translocation via either alpha-Hemolysin or a solid-state nanopore. Here we extend this work to RNA oligos and a third nanopore by employing the MinION, a commercially available device from Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT). Conductance measurements demonstrate that the MinION visibly discriminates oligoriboadenylates with sequence A15PyA15, where Py is an OsBp-tagged pyrimidine. Such resolution rivals traditional chromatography, suggesting that nanopore devices could be exploited for the characterization of RNA oligos and microRNAs enhanced by selective labeling. The data also reveal marked discrimination between a single pyrimidine and two consecutive pyrimidines in OsBp-tagged AnPyAn and AnPyPyAn. This observation leads to the conjecture that the MinION/OsBp platform senses a 2-nucleotide sequence, in contrast to the reported 5-nucleotide sequence with native nucleic acids. Such improvement in sensing, enabled by the presence of OsBp, may enhance base-calling accuracy in enzyme-assisted DNA/RNA sequencing.
Post-Disturbance Genetic Changes: The Impact of the 2010 Mega-Earthquake and Tsunami on Chilean Sandy Beach Fauna
Authors: Brante Antonio , Guzmán-Rendón Garen , Barría Erwin M. , Guillemin Marie-Laure , Vera-Escalona Iván , Hernández Cristián E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEarthquake/tsunamis can have profound impacts on species and their genetic patterns. It is expected that the magnitude of this impact might depend on the species and the time since the disturbance occurs, nevertheless these assumptions remain mostly unexplored. Here we studied the genetic responses of the crustacean species Emerita analoga, Excirolana hirsuticauda, and Orchestoidea tuberculata to the 27F mega-earthquake/tsunami that occurred in Chile in February 2010. mtDNA sequence analyses revealed a lower haplotype diversity for E. analoga and E. hirsuticauda in impacted areas one month after the 27F, and the opposite for O. tuberculata. Three years after the 27F we observed a recovery in the genetic diversity of E. analoga and E. hirsuticauda and decrease in the genetic diversity in O. tuberculata in 2/3 of sampled areas. Emerita analoga displayed decrease of genetic differentiation and increase in gene flow explained by long-range population expansion. The other two species revealed slight increase in the number of genetic groups, little change in gene flow and no signal of population expansion associated to adult survival, rapid colonization, and capacity to burrow in the sand. Our results reveal that species response to a same disturbance event could be extremely diverse and depending on life-history traits and the magnitude of the effect.
Site-specific and time-course changes of postmenopausal osteoporosis in rat mandible: comparative study with femur
Authors: Lee Chena , Lee Jeong-Hee , Han Sang-Sun , Kim Young Hyun , Choi Yoon-Joo , Jeon Kug Jin , Jung Hoi In 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAlthough the effects of osteoporosis on the skeleton are well studied, site-specific and long-term studies on the mandible are still lacking. This study investigated the time-course changes of the bone microarchitecture in the mandibular condyle in comparison to the corresponding changes in the alveolar bone, body of the mandible, and femur. Thirty-six 11-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into ovariectomized (OVX) (24 rats) and sham (12 rats) groups. The right femur and mandible were obtained from 6 OVX rats and 3 sham rats at 8, 12, 26, and 36 weeks after surgery, respectively. The histomorphometric analysis was performed using micro–computed tomography and histologic assessments from the (1) distal femur; (2) the alveolar bone and (3) the body of the mandible; (4) the subchondral and (5) the central region of the condyle. The Brown-Forsythe test was used to verify the assumptions for statistical analysis, and the Mann-Whitney U test was then performed. The mandibular condyle showed increased trabecular bone in both the OVX and sham groups, while the bone density was reduced in the distal femur and the mandible interradicular septum and body. When comparing the OVX group to the sham group, only the central condyle showed a significant reduction in bone density at 36 weeks. Osteoporosis behaves in different manners in different parts of the skeleton, and clinicians should be aware that patients displaying osteoporotic changes in the mandible are expected to show severely advanced bone mineral density reduction in other bones, such as the femur.
Generation of Remosomes by the SWI/SNF Chromatin Remodeler Family
Authors: Shukla Manu Shubhdarshan , Syed Sajad Hussain , Boopathi Ramachandran , Simon Elsa Ben , Nahata Sunil , Ramos Lorrie , Dalkara Defne , Moskalenko Cendrine , Travers Andrew , Angelov Dimitar , Dimitrov Stefan , Hamiche Ali , Bednar Jan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractChromatin remodelers are complexes able to both alter histone-DNA interactions and to mobilize nucleosomes. The mechanism of their action and the conformation of remodeled nucleosomes remain a matter of debates. In this work we compared the type and structure of the products of nucleosome remodeling by SWI/SNF and ACF complexes using high-resolution microscopy combined with novel biochemical approaches. We find that SWI/SNF generates a multitude of nucleosome-like metastable particles termed “remosomes”. Restriction enzyme accessibility assay, DNase I footprinting and AFM experiments reveal perturbed histone-DNA interactions within these particles. Electron cryo-microscopy shows that remosomes adopt a variety of different structures with variable irregular DNA path, similar to those described upon RSC remodeling. Remosome DNA accessibility to restriction enzymes is also markedly increased. We suggest that the generation of remosomes is a common feature of the SWI/SNF family remodelers. In contrast, the ACF remodeler, belonging to ISWI family, only produces repositioned nucleosomes and no evidence for particles associated with extra DNA, or perturbed DNA paths was found. The remosome generation by the SWI/SNF type of remodelers may represent a novel mechanism involved in processes where nucleosomal DNA accessibility is required, such as DNA repair or transcription regulation.
Mechanical Nano-Patterning: Toward Highly-Aligned Ge Self-Assembly on Low Lattice Mismatched GaAs Substrate
Authors: Dushaq Ghada , Rasras Mahmoud 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLow-dimensional semiconductor structurers formed on a substrate surface at pre-defined locations and with nano-precision placement is of vital interest. The potential of tailoring their electrical and optical properties will revolutionize the next generation of optoelectronic devices. Traditionally, highly aligned self-assembly of semiconductors relies on Stranski- Krastanov growth mode. In this work, we demonstrate a pathway towards ordered configuration of Ge islands on low lattice mismatch GaAs (110) substrate patterned using depth-controlled nanoindentation. Diamond probe tips with different geometries are used to nano-mechanically stamp the surface of GaAs (110). This creates nanoscale volumes of dislocation-mediated deformation which acts to bias nucleation. Results show that nanostamped GaAs exhibits selective-nucleation of Ge at the indent sites. Ge islands formed on a surface patterned using cube corner tip have height of ~10 nm and lateral size of ~225 nm. Larger islands are formed by using Vickers and Berkovich diamond tips (~400 nm). The strain state of the patterned structures is characterized by micro-Raman spectroscopy. A strain value up to 2% for all tip geometries has been obtained. Additionally, strong room temperature photoluminescence (PL) emission is observed around 1.9 µm (650 meV). The observed strain-induced enhancement in the light-emission efficiency is attributed to direct conduction to heavy-hole (cΓ-HH) and conduction to light-hole (cΓ-LH) transitions. The inherent simplicity of the proposed method offers an attractive technique to manufacture semiconductor quantum dot structures for future electronic and photonic applications.
Response of the temperate scleractinian coral Cladocora caespitosa to high temperature and long-term nutrient enrichment
Authors: Hadjioannou Louis , Jimenez Carlos , Rottier Cecile , Sfenthourakis Spyros , Ferrier-Pagès Christine 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAnthropogenic nutrient enrichment and increased seawater temperatures are responsible for coral reef decline. In particular, they disrupt the relationship between corals and their dinoflagellate symbionts (bleaching). However, some coral species can afford either high temperatures or nutrient enrichment and their study can bring new insights into how corals acclimate or adapt to stressors. Here, we focused on the role of the nutrient history in influencing the response of the Mediterranean scleractinian coral Cladocora caespitosa to thermal stress. Colonies living naturally in nutrient-poor (<0.5 µM nitrogen, <0.2 µM phosphorus, LN) and nutrient-rich (ca. 10–20 µM nitrogen, 0.4 µM phosphorus, HN) locations were sampled, maintained under the right nutrient conditions, and exposed to a temperature increase from 17 °C to 24 °C and 29 °C. While both HN and LN colonies decreased their concentrations of symbionts and/or photosynthetic pigments, HN colonies were able to maintain significant higher rates of net and gross photosynthesis at 24 °C compared to LN colonies. In addition, while there was no change in protein concentration in HN corals during the experiment, proteins continuously decreased in LN corals with increased temperature. These results are important in that they show that nutrient history can influence the response of scleractinian corals to thermal stress. Further investigations of under-studied coral groups are thus required in the future to understand the processes leading to coral resistance to environmental perturbations.
Nesprin-1-alpha2 associates with kinesin at myotube outer nuclear membranes, but is restricted to neuromuscular junction nuclei in adult muscle
Authors: Holt Ian , Fuller Heidi R. , Lam Le Thanh , Sewry Caroline A. , Shirran Sally L. , Zhang Qiuping , Shanahan Catherine M. , Morris Glenn E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNesprins, nuclear envelope spectrin-repeat proteins encoded by the SYNE1 and SYNE2 genes, are involved in localization of nuclei. The short isoform, nesprin-1-alpha2, is required for relocation of the microtubule organizer function from centromeres to the nuclear rim during myogenesis. Using specific antibodies, we now show that both nesprin-1-alpha2 and nesprin-1-giant co-localize with kinesin at the junctions of concatenated nuclei and at the outer poles of nuclear chains in human skeletal myotubes. In adult muscle, nesprin-1-alpha2 was found, together with kinesin, only on nuclei associated with neuromuscular junctions, whereas all adult cardiomyocyte nuclei expressed nesprin-1-alpha2. In a proteomics study, kinesin heavy and light chains were the only significant proteins in myotube extracts pulled down by nesprin-1-alpha2, but not by a mutant lacking the highly-conserved STAR domain (18 amino-acids, including the LEWD motif). The results support a function for nesprin-1-alpha2 in the specific localization of skeletal muscle nuclei mediated by kinesins and suggest that its primary role is at the outer nuclear membrane.
Sizing single nanoscale objects from polarization forces
Authors: Lozano H. , Millán-Solsona R. , Fabregas R. , Gomila G. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSizing natural or engineered single nanoscale objects is fundamental in many areas of science and technology. To achieve it several advanced microscopic techniques have been developed, mostly based on electron and scanning probe microscopies. Still for soft and poorly adhered samples the existing techniques face important challenges. Here, we propose an alternative method to size single nanoscale objects based on the measurement of its electric polarization. The method is based on Electrostatic Force Microscopy measurements combined with a specifically designed multiparameter quantification algorithm, which gives the physical dimensions (height and width) of the nanoscale object. The proposed method is validated with ~50 nm diameter silver nanowires, and successfully applied to ~10 nm diameter bacterial polar flagella, an example of soft and poorly adhered nanoscale object. We show that an accuracy comparable to AFM topographic imaging can be achieved. The main advantage of the proposed method is that, being based on the measurement of long-range polarization forces, it can be applied without contacting the sample, what is key when considering poorly adhered and soft nanoscale objects. Potential applications of the proposed method to a wide range of nanoscale objects relevant in Material, Life Sciences and Nanomedicine is envisaged.
Induced Tamoxifen Resistance is Mediated by Increased Methylation of E-Cadherin in Estrogen Receptor-Expressing Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Wang Qi , Gun Melisa , Hong Xing-yu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEstrogen receptor-positive breast cancers are treated with tamoxifen, a drug that competitively inhibits the binding of estrogen to its receptor. Resistance to tamoxifen is a major hurdle in effective management of target breast cancer patient population. A number of dynamic changes within the tumor microenvironment, including the phenomenon of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), determine the response to endocrine therapy. EMT is marked by silencing or suppression of epithelial marker, E-Cadherin and we found significantly down-regulated E-Cadherin, among other epithelial markers, and a significantly up-regulated mesenchymal marker, Twist, among other mesenchymal markers, in a model system that comprised of tamoxifen sensitive MCF-7 cells and their tamoxifen-resistant counterparts, MCF-7-TAM, developed by chronic and escalating exposure of parental cells to tamoxifen. Further, E-cadherin, but not Twist, was differentially expressed in MCF-7-TAM cells because of differential methylation. Treatment with demethylating agent 5-azacytidine increased the expression of E-cadherin thus verifying a role of methylation in its silencing and, moreover, 5-azacytidine treatment also re-sensitized MCF-7-TAM cells to tamoxifen, as evaluated by assays for viability, apoptosis and migration potential. The 5-azacytidine effects were similar to effects of E-cadherin overexpression in MCF-7-TAM cells. This work describes novel mechanism of E-cadherin downregulation in tamoxifen resistant breast cancer cells. Further studies are needed to exploit this information for betterment of breast cancer therapy.
High Glucose Variability Increases 30-Day Readmission Rates in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Hospitalized in Department of Surgery
Authors: Hsieh Ching Jung 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGlucose variability is common among hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). I investigated to assess the variability of glucose in patients with type 2 DM accounts for in-hospital readmission rates in department of Surgery. I retrospectively analyzed 206 patients with type 2 DM, who was admitted to our hospital for surgical interventions and re-admitted within 30 days after discharge. I also enrolled 610 age, sex and diabetic duration matched patients with type 2 DM, as control. Outcomes measure included average and standard deviation (SD) of blood glucose during admission, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile, renal function, length of stay (LOS). Patients who had re-admission within 30 days after discharge had higher SD of blood glucose levels than control (84.7 ± 53.5 mg/dL vs. 46.2 ± 42.8 mg/dL, p < 0.001) but not average of blood glucose levels. Comparing to control group, the study group also had higher HbA1c (8.4 ± 1.3% vs. 7.7 ± 1.1%, p = 0.015) and LOS (8.5 ± 2.5 days vs 7.0 ± 1.5 days, p = 0.020). The independent predictors of 30-day readmission rates were SD of blood glucose during admission and HbA1c (hazard ratio: 1.680, 1.493; p value < 0.001, 0.008, respectively). Decreasing glucose variability during admission for surgery is important for patients with type 2 DM to decreasing re-admission rates and LOS. HBA1c may also identify patients at higher risk of postoperative complications and possibility of re-admission.