bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance optimization of solid state dye sensitised solar cells (ssDSSCs) using two different electron transport layers (ETLs), using SCAPS-1D simulation software
Authors: Malik Mahnoor , Kashif Muhammad , Sumona Farhana Bari , Tariq Maher Un Nisa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this work, a comparative analysis was carried out by using titanium dioxide (TiO2) and tungsten disulfide (WS2) as an electron transport layer (ETL). This numerical analysis was conducted using SCAPS-1D software, which stands for solar cell capacitance simulator-1 Dimensional. The two device structures were: FTO/TiO2/N719/ MoO3 and FTO/WS2/N719/MoO3. For TiO2 ETL-based devices, the PCE was 11.42%, with J
sc, V
oc, and FF values of 18.50 mA cm−2, 0.872 V, and 70.75%, respectively. By contrast, WS2-based devices achieved a PCE of 14.23% with J
sc, V
oc, and FF values of 20.86 mA cm−2, 0.880 V, and 77.43%, respectively. Based on the above-mentioned data, WS2 has better PV performance of the solar cell. WS2 exhibits high electron mobility, chemically stable, tunable bandgap, therefore a promising candidate to replace TiO2 as an ETL in future designs.
Microwave absorption properties in Ku-band of micro ferrite based on natural ferrite from iron sand prepared by high energy ball milling
Authors: Mashuri Mashuri , Suyatno Suyatno , Nasori Nasori , Aunurohim Aunurohim , Sunaryono Sunaryono , Ermawati Frida Ulfah 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Micro ferrite powder with magnetite phase has been successfully synthesized from iron sand using the extraction-milling method as an absorber for radar waves at the Ku-band frequency (12–18 GHz). The extraction of ferrite powder from iron sand using a strong permanent magnet. The formation of micro ferrite was carried out using a milling process with variations in time 2 h, 4 h and 6 h (hours), and milling speed 100 rpm, 150 rpm and 200 rpm. The increasing the milling speed and time causes the particle size to decrease, the average crystal size and the saturation magnetization value to decrease but the maximum Reflection Loss (RLm) value to increase in the Ku-band frequency band (12–18 GHz). Characterization of the crystalline phase, average crystal size, magnetic power, morphology of micro ferrite was carried out using XRD, VSM and SEM. The maximum Reflection Loss value is measured using the transmission line method with a VNA tool. The optimal influence of milling speed and time on radar wave absorption at a rotation speed of 150 rpm within 6 h with a saturation magnetization value of 40.60 emu g−1r−1, average crystal size of 93.95 nm,

R

L

m

=
−
30.04

dB

, matching frequency

f

m

=
16
.

57

GHz

and in frequency band

15.95

−

17.52

GHz

. Micro ferrite made from iron sand synthesized using the high energy ball milling method has the potential to be an inexpensive alternative for making microwave absorbing materials with a simpler and environmentally friendly process.
Spatiotemporal patterns in precipitation whiplash over China during 1901–2100 based on CMIP6 simulations
Authors: Luo Honghao , Nanding Nergui , Deng Fuying , Wu Huan , Huang Zhijun , Chen Junxu , Peng Jiabin , Zhang Bin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The increasing risk of precipitation whiplash, characterized by rapid transitions between extreme drought and wet conditions, is largely related to atmospheric circulation changes due to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. This study aims to examine the changing patterns of precipitation whiplash events for future projections (2021–2100) with regard to the current climate (1981–2020), and to unveil the relations between intensity, duration, and frequency of these events for various return periods across different regions of China. Multi-source observational datasets were also used to analyze the trend of precipitation whiplash indices for the current climate and to assess the ability of the CMIP6 ensemble model for reproducing the characteristics of precipitation whiplash events. The Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves were estimated by using the nonstationary Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) model combined with Bayesian inference. The results show an increasing trend in frequency, intensity, and severity of precipitation whiplash events, particularly for the long-term future, while the duration of these transitions shows a decreasing trend. The peak occurrence months during the long-term future period exhibit notable changes in most parts of China. Specifically, the dry-to-wet whiplash events occur approximately two months earlier than in the current period, while the wet-to-dry whiplash occurs approximately two months later. The results also indicated that IDF curves shifted upward, particularly in the long-term future projections, suggesting an increased likelihood of more severe events. The findings of this study will serve as an essential reference for local authorities to develop more effective water resource management and disaster mitigation policies to tackle the impact of future climate change.
Emergency department visits in California associated with wildfire PM2.5: differing risk across individuals and communities
Authors: Stowell Jennifer D , Sue Wing Ian , Romitti Yasmin , Kinney Patrick L , Wellenius Gregory A 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The threats to human health from wildfires and wildfire smoke (WFS) in the United States (US) are increasing due to continued climate change. A growing body of literature has documented important adverse health effects of WFS exposure, but there is insufficient evidence regarding how risk related to WFS exposure varies across individual or community level characteristics. To address this evidence gap, we utilized a large nationwide database of healthcare utilization claims for emergency department (ED) visits in California across multiple wildfire seasons (May through November, 2012–2019) and quantified the health impacts of fine particulate matter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) air pollution attributable to WFS, overall and among subgroups of the population. We aggregated daily counts of ED visits to the level of the Zip Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA) and used a time-stratified case-crossover design and distributed lag non-linear models to estimate the association between WFS and relative risk of ED visits. We further assessed how the association with WFS varied across subgroups defined by age, race, social vulnerability, and residential air conditioning (AC) prevalence. Over a 7 day period, PM2.5 from WFS was associated with elevated risk of ED visits for all causes (1.04% (0.32%, 1.71%)), non-accidental causes (2.93% (2.16%, 3.70%)), and respiratory disease (15.17% (12.86%, 17.52%)), but not with ED visits for cardiovascular diseases (1.06% (−1.88%, 4.08%)). Analysis across subgroups revealed potential differences in susceptibility by age, race, and AC prevalence, but not across subgroups defined by ZCTA-level Social Vulnerability Index scores. These results suggest that PM2.5 from WFS is associated with higher rates of all cause, non-accidental, and respiratory ED visits with important heterogeneity across certain subgroups. Notably, lower availability of residential AC was associated with higher health risks related to wildfire activity.
The Power of Live Simulations in Learning How to Intervene in a Mental Health Crisis
Authors: Cherry Monica D , Maurer Mary , Kopels Sandra , Ostler Terry 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes how advanced clinical social work students learned to navigate and intervene in mental health crises using live simulations in a classroom setting. Students actively engaged in and observed in clients portrayed by actors four different realistic crisis situations: psychosis, threat to harm others, nonsuicidal self-harm, and suicidal ideation. Building on prior learning, students assessed clients’ levels of risk and considered clients’ unique histories and backgrounds in understanding symptom presentations. Using a trauma-informed approach, students also considered their legal responsibilities as they pertained to interventions and made recommendations for services. Students and teachers alike described the simulations as a powerful learning experience. Students became more deeply aware of the context of crisis and how to think and respond effectively on their feet.
Public Debt, National Income, and Growth
Authors: Reddy Y V , Ray Partha , Chakraborty Pinaki 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter attempts a synoptic account of the economic theories underlying fiscal policy and public debt and its impact on national income and growth. Needless to say, this account is in the nature of a selective survey. This chapter highlights that all the major strands of economic theories failed to either explain or predict the crisis. Even the empirical academic literature is quite divided on the relationship between public debt and growth. Though we may not be able to infer a cohesive set of lessons, a selective review of relevant literature is attempted in view of its contemporary relevance.
Taxation and Regulation of the Financial Sector
Authors: Reddy Y V , Ray Partha , Chakraborty Pinaki 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The global financial crisis has triggered a review of the links between fiscal management and regulation of the financial sector. It resulted in considerable interest in taxation in relation to regulation of the financial sector and there is some evidence of new approaches in this regard. There is recognition of shared objectives and complementarities between the two in achieving their objectives. There is a debate on the extent of under-taxation of the financial sector and distortions caused in the financial sector by the tax system. In this context, there is renewed interest in Tobin Tax. The perspectives of developing countries on the subject are important, though they may not currently be the focus of discussions and policies. This chapter is devoted to exploration of the links, the new approaches, the shared objectives, and the overlap between taxation and regulation. The COVID-19 pandemic has raised the issue of domestic resource mobilization, which is intertwined with better regulation of taxation of transnational companies. These are base erosion and profit sharing, transfer pricing rules, and thin capitalization.
Wavelength dependence of capacitance of δ-type MnO2 by light irradiation and suppression of the desorption of interlayer metal complexes by interlayer long-chain alkylammonium ions
Authors: Hanaya Akinobu , Itakura Makoto , Ou Ituou , Tomono Kazuaki 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Two different layered MnO2 thin films with varying layering order of [Co(en)3] and (C12H25)2(CH3)2N ions were prepared, and their capacitances were measured. The top MnO2 layer containing (C12H25)2(CH3)2N ions between the layers inhibited the desorption of the [Co(en)3] complex and exhibited a higher capacitance (287.3 F/g) compared to a thin film with a top MnO2 layer of the [Co(en)3] complex. Furthermore, thin films with a MnO2 layer intercalated with (C12H25)2(CH3)2N ions were irradiated with light at 360, 460, and 560 nm, and their capacitances were measured. As a result, the thin film irradiated at 460 nm demonstrated the highest initial capacitance of 687.6 F/g and the highest cycle stability with a degradation rate of 3.2%.
Choosing Wisely: Effectiveness and Safety of Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Close Contacts of Invasive Group A Streptococci Infection
Authors: Birck Marina G , Moura Cristiano S , Winthrop Kevin L , Machado Marina A A , Neville Autumn , Bernatsky Sasha 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Antibiotic prophylaxis is often recommended for close contacts of index cases of invasive Streptococcus pyogenes infections. Using MarketScan data (2010–2019), we found no difference in infection rates between those who received and those who did not receive antibiotics but a 3-fold increased risk of adverse events in those who did receive antibiotics.
Balloon aortic valvuloplasty with simultaneous aortic root injection: a case report of an adjunctive strategy to computed tomography for predicting coronary obstruction in transcatheter aortic valve-in-transcatheter aortic valve procedures
Authors: Shimura Tetsuro , Yamamoto Masanori , Matsuo Hitoshi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Computed tomography (CT) assessment is the standard for predicting coronary obstruction (CO) caused by sinus sequestration (SS) during transcatheter aortic valve (TAV) implantation in degenerated TAV (TAV-in-TAV) procedure, but it may not always be accurate. This report describes a prediction method for CO by using balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) during TAV-in-TAV.

Case summary
An 87-year-old woman with a history of balloon-expandable transcatheter heart valve (BE-THV) implantation 7 years prior was admitted with worsening dyspnoea. Echocardiography revealed severe THV deterioration, and CT confirmed calcium proliferation in the THV. Our heart team decided to perform a TAV-in-TAV procedure using a 23-mm BE-THV. Preoperative CT imaging indicated an intermediate risk of CO. To evaluate CO risk more precisely, the top of a 20-mm balloon was positioned near the top of a BE-THV stent and inflated, followed by simultaneous aortic root injection (SARI). During SARI, contrast flowed into both coronary arteries, predicting a low risk of CO. Based on these findings, TAV-in-TAV was performed without coronary protection. The procedure was completed successfully without CO. After the procedure, the patient’s symptoms improved, and echocardiography showed normal valve function. She was discharged without complications and remains under outpatient follow-up care.

Discussion
The diagnostic method for predicting CO using BAV with SARI could serve as a valuable adjunctive diagnostic tool in patients with an intermediate or high risk of SS anatomy after TAV-in-TAV. In such cases, this method may provide additional insights concerning precise CO risk and the indication of leaflet modification technique during TAV-in-TAV.
Learning curve of robotic mitral repair: prospective two-centre study of proficiency and clinical outcomes
Authors: Sandoval Elena , Bhoera Rahul A , Tomšič Anton , Morales-Rey Ignacio , García-Álvarez Ana , Palmen Meindert , Pereda Daniel 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Robotic-assisted mitral valve repair surgery has a steep learning curve, and it is not clear whether previous experience in minimally invasive mitral valve surgery (MIMVS) facilitates this process. We aimed to investigate the initial experience of 2 cardiac centres starting their robotic programmes, evaluating the impact of previous MIMVS experience.

METHODS
Retrospective analysis was performed for the 1st consecutive cases operated due to severe degenerative mitral valve regurgitation using the robotic surgical platform in 2 European centres, 1 transitioning from conventional surgery (centre 1) and the other from mini thoracotomy MIMVS (centre 2). Cumulative sum analysis was used to evaluate the learning process using both surgical times and a combined primary outcome including relevant intra- and postoperative results.

RESULTS
First 62 patients in each centre were included. All median surgical times were shorter in centre 2: cardiopulmonary bypass: 238 vs 115 min, P &lt; 0.001; cross-clamp: 143 vs 82 min, P &lt; 0.001; and total intervention: 313 vs 228 min, P &lt; 0.001. The combined primary outcome showed no significant differences (9.7% vs 8%; P = 1). However, the turning point making the end of the learning phase was detected at the 60th case in centre 1 and at the 50th in centre 2. Regarding surgical time, the learning curve was steeper in centre 1 with both cardiopulmonary bypass and cross-clamp overcoming the learning phase after 32 cases, as compared to 16 cases in centre 2.

CONCLUSIONS
A successful robotic-assisted mitral repair programme can be safely started coming from either conventional open approach or mini thoracotomy MIMVS. However, previous mini thoracotomy MIMVS experience had positive impact on the initial learning curve.
Premium or Penalty? Occupations and Earnings of Ottoman Immigrants and Their Offspring in the United States, 1900–1940
Authors: Zalfou Rami , Dribe Martin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We study the economic integration of immigrants from Ottoman Syria and Turkey and their offspring in the United States using full count census data from 1900 to 1940. Immigrants initially achieved occupational premiums due to their selection into high-reward industries, but 1940 earnings data reveals significant and growing disadvantages over time, partly due to lower educational attainment. In contrast, the second generation achieved substantial upward mobility, closing both the education and earnings gaps with native Whites. This contrasts with the experience of Northern European immigrants who matched natives more closely in terms of occupations and earnings.
AltaiR: a C toolkit for alignment-free and temporal analysis of multi-FASTA data
Authors: Silva Jorge M , Pinho Armando J , Pratas Diogo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundMost viral genome sequences generated during the latest pandemic have presented new challenges for computational analysis. Analyzing millions of viral genomes in multi-FASTA format is computationally demanding, especially when using alignment-based methods. Most existing methods are not designed to handle such large datasets, often requiring the analysis to be divided into smaller parts to obtain results using available computational resources.FindingsWe introduce AltaiR, a toolkit for analyzing multiple sequences in multi-FASTA format using exclusively alignment-free methodologies. AltaiR enables the identification of singularity and similarity patterns within sequences and computes static and temporal dynamics without restrictions on the number or size of input sequences. It automatically filters low-quality, biased, or deviant data. We demonstrate AltaiR’s capabilities by analyzing more than 1.5 million full severe acute respiratory virus coronavirus 2 sequences, revealing interesting observations regarding viral genome characteristics over time, such as shifts in nucleotide composition, decreases in average Kolmogorov sequence complexity, and the evolution of the smallest sequences not found in the human host.ConclusionsAltaiR can identify temporal characteristics and trends in large numbers of sequences, making it ideal for scenarios involving endemic or epidemic outbreaks with vast amounts of available sequence data. Implemented in C with multithreading and methodological optimizations, AltaiR is computationally efficient, flexible, and dependency-free. It accepts any sequence in FASTA format, including amino acid sequences. The complete toolkit is freely available at https://github.com/cobilab/altair.
The SEP homologous gene TEMARY regulates inflorescence phenotypes in H. macrophylla
Authors: Nashima K , Uemachi T , Shirasawa K , Shimizu A , Takeuchi T , Obata T , Isobe S , Azuma M , Akutsu M , Nakazawa Y , Kodama M , Namai K , Kurokura T , Suyama T 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Most Hydrangea species have inflorescences composed of two types of flowers: decorative flowers with showy sepals, and plain non-decorative flowers. In wild plants of H. macrophylla, the decorative flowers are located at the periphery of the corymb, resulting in the lacecap phenotype. However, after the discovery of the mophead phenotype, in which decorative flowers are borne not only at the periphery but also on the entire inflorescence, it developed remarkably as a garden plant. In this study, we aimed to identify the gene controlling the inflorescence type and the mutations causing the mophead phenotype. Linkage analyses identified a SEPALLATA (SEP) homologous gene as a candidate gene, named TEMARY. We analyzed the genome sequences of TEMARY using several cultivars. The results revealed that the H. macrophylla cultivars had three types of loss-of-function alleles, and that the locus of the mophead cultivars consisted of only loss-of-function alleles. The phenotypes of 27 mophead cultivars could be explained by three types of loss-of-function TEMARY alleles. RNA-seq analysis and qRT-PCR analysis using two bud sport mutant lines related to the inflorescence type revealed that mophead mutants did not express TEMARY normally. These results suggest that TEMARY controls the inflorescence type and that mutations in this gene cause the mophead phenotype.
Entrepreneurs “from within”? Schumpeter and the emergence of pure novelty
Authors: Guichardaz Rémy , Pénin Julien 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The development of a dynamic model of endogenous economic change was a major objective for Schumpeter throughout his academic career. This requires, among other things, explaining the emergence of pure novelty, which Schumpeter never managed to do. As an explanation for this failure, existing literature put forward a methodological tension stemming from Schumpeter’s Walrasian commitment. In this paper, we propose that Schumpeter’s inability to build an endogenous theory of pure novelty is not only the mere logical consequence of his unsuitable methodological approach but also the inevitable outcome of his “theory” of how novelty is generated. We show that he could not depart from an individual and elitist dimension of entrepreneurship and from an energetic and vitalist axiom of social change, which is by nature hardly compatible with endogenous evolution. Furthermore, our revisiting of his last writings shows that, while there have been clear changes in his thinking on the entrepreneur, the “old” Schumpeter remained rooted in an individualistic, elitist, and energetic view of the apparition of pure novelty. These findings have important implications for understanding Schumpeter’s thinking and, in particular, his vision of capitalism, socialism, and economic development.
Prophylactic ablation during cardiac surgery in patients without atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Visanji Mika’il , Belley-Côté Emilie P , Pandey Ashok , Amit Yael , McClure Graham R , Young Jack , Um Kevin J , Oraii Alireza , Healey Jeff S , Whitlock Richard P , McIntyre William F 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Atrial fibrillation is the most common complication of cardiac surgery and occurs frequently in patients without a history of the arrhythmia. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to assess whether prophylactic ablation during cardiac surgery in patients without a history of atrial fibrillation prevents atrial fibrillation.

METHODS
We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE and Embase from inception to August 2024. We included randomized trials of adults without a history of atrial fibrillation undergoing cardiac surgery. The intervention of interest was ablation during surgery. We pooled data using random-effects models. The primary outcome was new-onset early postoperative atrial fibrillation within 30 days following surgery. The key secondary outcome was incident clinical atrial fibrillation at follow-up (minimum 6 months). We assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias tool v.2 and evidence quality using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE).

RESULTS
We included 7 trials (n = 687). The intervention was pulmonary vein isolation in 6 trials and ganglion plexi ablation in 1. Patients who received prophylactic ablation were less likely to have early postoperative atrial fibrillation (21% vs 37%, risk ratio [RR] 0.5, 95% confidence interval 0.3–0.8, I2 = 64%) and incident clinical atrial fibrillation at longest follow-up (range 6 months–2 years; 3% vs 10%, RR 0.3, 95% confidence interval 0.2–0.7, I2 = 0%). The quality of evidence was low.

CONCLUSIONS
Prophylactic ablation during cardiac surgery may prevent atrial fibrillation in patients without a history of the arrhythmia. A definitive randomized trial is needed to confirm effects and safety.