bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical properties of monolayer BeC under an external electric field: A DFT approach
Authors: Chowdhury Suman , Jana Debnarayan 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
BeC, a two-dimensional hypercoordinated nanostructure carbon compound, has been the focus of the nanoworld because of its high value of dynamical stability, in-plane stiffness, carrier mobility and the existence of band gap. In this work, we have explored the electronic and the optical properties of this material under the influence of static external perpendicular electric field within the framework of density functional theory. Under the influence of a uniform electric field, the band gap changes within the meV range. The electron energy loss function study reveals that this material has optical band gaps which remain constant irrespective of the applied electric field strength. The optical property also exhibits interesting features when the applied field strength is within 0.4–0.5 V/Å. We have also tried to explain the optical data from the respective band structures and thus paving the way to understand qualitatively the signature of the optical anisotropy from the birefringence study.
Students’ Attitude Towards Arabic Language Varieties: The Case of the Fuṣḥā Arabic
Authors: Husein Alhassan Abdur-Rahim 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Arabic speaking countries live in diglossic communities. This is where two or more varieties of a language are used by the same speech community. This paper examines students’ attitude towards Arabic language varieties. It focuses mainly on Egyptian students’ attitude towards the fuṣḥā on one hand and the Egyptian Arabic (EA) variety on the other. A survey of fifty university students from the American University in Cairo and Ain Shams University, Cairo was conducted using the questionnaire instrument. The data was analysed descriptively. The study reveals that Egyptian students have a slightly positive attitude towards the fuṣḥā Arabic. Notwithstanding, they tend to exhibit positive affective and behavioural tendencies towards EA. Based on this, the study proposes that language planners and for that matter, Arab states should adopt a vibrant ‘status planning’, whereby fuṣḥā is properly recognized and widely used in official and state institutions and functions.
Irony and Culture in Feminist Educational Writings: Wollstonecraft, Macaulay, Edgeworth
Authors: Antal Eva 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The context of the present paper is given by my research on philosophy of female education and the questions of female culture in the 18th and 19th centuries in England. I have been studying not only works of educationalist and philosophical concerns, but also literary works such as the education romans and utopias written in the related period. Female writings - either literary-utopian or educational-philosophical - seemingly rely on the framework and theoretical background of wellknown male works so that they should present a critical and ironical reading while also raise the questions of social solidarity and (e)quality in individual education. I will mainly highlight the strategies of feminist rhetoric, taking my textual examples from Mary Wollstonecraft’s anti- Rousseau A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792), while I also refer to two of her contemporaries, Catherine Macaulay’s and Maria Edgeworth’s educational writings.
Toxic chemical compound detection by terahertz spectroscopy: a review
Authors: Yang Liu , Guo Tengxiao , Zhang Xu , Cao Shuya , Ding Xuequan 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Terahertz (THz) spectroscopy is a rapidly emerging technology in the field of analytical chemistry. THz spectroscopy shows substantial scientific potential given that numerous absorption and emission molecular lines of interest in the chemical sciences belong to this spectral region. This article focuses on the current research progress on the detection of harmful gases, pesticides, antibiotics, toxic chemical compounds, and drugs of abuse by THz spectroscopy. The article also analyzes the key factors used for the detection of toxic chemical compounds by THz spectroscopy.
Abschreckung und Dialogbereitschaft – der Paradigmenwechsel der NATO seit 2014
Authors: Felde Rainer Meyer zum 
Published: June 2018

Kurzfassung:
Die NATO war für zwei Jahrzehnte primär eine politische Allianz, die Russland als Partnerstaat ansah. Mit der Annexion der Krim durch Russland sowie der hybriden Aggression gegen die Ost-Ukraine hat sich ein Paradigmenwechsel vollzogen, bei dem es darum geht, einerseits Verteidigungsfähigkeit herzustellen, andererseits aber auch die Dialogbereitschaft zu erhalten. Der Beitrag zeichnet den Weg der NATO seither nach und befasst sich mit der Frage, was der Paradigmenwechsel der NATO – an dessen Zustandekommen die Bundesregierung maßgebend beteiligt war – für die deutsche Sicherheitspolitik und die Bundeswehr bedeutet. Dabei wird vor allem auf die Zusagen Deutschlands eingegangen, ambitionierte NATO-Fähigkeitenziele zu erfüllen und das Verteidigungsinvestitionsversprechen von Wales einzuhalten. Außerdem wird Deutschlands Rolle als Rahmennation behandelt. Abschließend werden weitergehende Perspektiven einer wieder stärker an Abschreckung und Bündnisverteidigung orientierten NATO aufgezeigt.
„Wenn Soldaten marschieren, ist es zu spät“ – Abschreckung 2.0 im Zeitalter hybrider Konflikte
Authors: Bittner Lukas 
Published: June 2018

Kurzfassung:
Die Formen der politischen Auseinandersetzungen sind laufend Veränderungen unterworfen. Carl von Clausewitz hat dies in seinem berühmten Bild des Chamäleons für den Wandel des Krieges charakterisiert. Konflikte zwischen Staaten werden heute hybrid und unterhalb der völkerrechtlich relevanten Schwelle für internationale bewaffnete Auseinandersetzungen ausgetragen. In der Folge muss sich auch die Sicherheitspolitik darauf ausrichten und das Verteidigungsdispositiv neu definieren. Abschreckung in Zeiten hybrider Konflikte heißt auch, über die militärische Komponente hinaus Maßnahmen zu entwickeln. Wenn Soldaten in Marsch gesetzt werden, um Territorien zu besetzen, ist der Konflikt in der letzten Phase. Dann ist es bereits zu spät für eine Reaktion, da zuvor die notwendigen politischen Fakten geschaffen wurden. Sicherheitspolitik muss daher hybriden Konflikten bereits im nicht-militärischen Raum wirksam begegnen.
„Agile Abschreckung“ gegen Bedrohungen aus dem Cyber Raum – Optionen für deutsche Politik
Authors: Krüger Philipp S. 
Published: June 2018

Kurzfassung:
Wie kann effektive Deutsche Cyberabschreckung aussehen? Dieser Artikel stellt die ersten Ergebnisse eines neuen Cyberabschreckungsmodells vor, genannt „Agile Cyberabschreckung“, das auf interdisziplinärer Forschung am ISPK basiert. Danach eröffnen Cyber-Operationen einen völlig neuen Weg in der Verteilung von Macht. Grundsätzlich dafür ist der spezielle virtuelle (technologische) Charakter der operativen Domäne „Cyber“. Die beschriebene Agile Cyberabschreckung adressiert die spezifischen Cyber-Verwundbarkeiten einer „Cyber-Mittel-Macht“ wie Deutschland und schlägt vier Abschreckungsoptionen vor.
Discurso sobre el populismo en México. Un estudio socio-pragmático
Authors: Treviño María Eugenia Flores , Bonfiglio José María Infante 
Published: June 2018

ResumenPopulismo es un término que ha devenido moda en el discurso político contemporáneo, después de que algunos lo creían desaparecido. El término es aún de uso impreciso y se utiliza en diversas realidades discursivas, las que a su vez remiten a diferentes mundos objetivos: ideologías políticas, movimientos y agrupaciones políticas, estilos discursivos y programas de acción política y modos de obrar, tanto en los regímenes autoritarios como democráticos. Una primera parte de este trabajo se destina a un intento de despejar esta selva semántica y tratar de ubicar el uso de los conceptos en su nivel adecuado, buscando definir los componentes que permiten caracterizar a un discurso populista. En alguna de las aproximaciones del populismo éste ha sido caracterizado como ideología, lo que también se analiza.En un segundo momento se estudian las perspectivas del análisis del discurso político, poniendo énfasis en la práctica de la cortesía y la descortesía en las manifestaciones concretas del discurso sobre el populismo, donde aparece como una forma particular de lograr adhesión afectiva, recurriendo a la construcción de una imagen social del otro o del destinatario favorable o positiva, en oposición al diferente u opuesto. Se analizan discursos de diferentes políticos del hemisferio occidental, tomados de los medios de comunicación, donde se busca ubicar los elementos populistas y el contexto en el que tienen o tuvieron lugar, tratando de analizar los efectos de ese discurso. Se toma en cuenta que en los debates políticos de cualquier escenario alrededor del populismo son más las expresiones de agresividad verbal y descortesía que las derivadas de una actitud de cortesía.
Jet Flow Control Using Semi-Circular Corrugated Tab
Authors: Kumar K Sathish , Chidambaram Senthilkumar 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This investigation aims to present the jet mixing characteristics and thrust variations of the subsonic jet employed with plain triangular tab and semi-circular corrugated tab by numerical simulation. A triangular tab with semi-circular corrugations is used in this regard at the exit plane of a convergent nozzle, to study the behavior of the jet and its structure. The near jet flow field is studied for different Mach numbers of 0.6, 0.8 and 1, and the comparisons were done for the jet employed with plain triangular tab. To validate the numerical results, experimental validation is carried out for 0.6 Mach jet. The thrust and the potential core length of any jet depend mainly on the percentage of blockage ratio. Since the relationship between the thrust and blockage ratio is such that, the blockage ratio increases, the thrust and the potential core length decreases and vice-versa. The blockage ratio is kept 8.27 % for both the corrugated and plain triangular tabs. From the results, it is found that the Potential core length of the free jet is cut down to 66 % by the jet employed with plain triangular tab, whereas it is 64.5 % for the corrugated tab enabled jet. It is also concluded that the corrugated tab enhances the thrust by 4.43 % for the same blockage ratio and increases potential core length by 3.33 % when compared with the plain triangular tab. This increase in thrust is there by an added advantage of this investigation.
DFT Studies of Single Lithium Adsorption on Coronene
Authors: Harismah Kun , Mirzaei Mahmoud , Moradi Reza 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to study the adsorption of neutral and cationic forms of single lithium (Li) on representative original and each of oxygen/sulfur-terminated coronene monolayer surfaces. First, the monolayers of coronene structures were prepared. Next, Li/Li+ adsorptions were investigated on the surfaces of the already optimised coronene models. The results indicate that the singular coronene models can be considered as appropriate surfaces for Li/Li+ adsorption, with stronger Li+ adsorption. Localisations of LI/Li+ species were carefully examined at the central carbon zone of the monolayer surface; however, only one model showed discrepancy by getting localised at the monolayer edge. Energy levels and distribution patters for the molecular orbitals indicate the effects of atomic terminations and Li/Li+ adsorptions, in which the singular and Li+-adsorbed models reveal identical results. Atomic-scale nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) properties were also evaluated, with the results indicating that the atomic properties can determine the major electronic properties for applying the coronene structure for specific applications.
Chronique du livre
Authors: Joyal André 
Published: June 2018

Filion, Louis-Jacques, (sous la dir.) Croissance et soutiens à la croissance d’entreprise, Montréal, Les Éditions JFD inc., 2015, 325 p.
Filion, Louis-Jacques, La croissance d’entreprise : vision, agilité et doigté, Montréal, Les Éditions JFD inc., 2015, 126 p.
Messseghem, Karim et Olivier Torrès, Les grands auteurs en entrepreneuriat et PME, Cormelles-le-Royal, Éditions ems Coll. Management et Société, 2015, 491 p.
Comparison of Collaborative Versus Single-Site Quality Improvement to Reduce NICU Length of Stay
Authors: Lee Henry C. , Bennett Mihoko V. , Crockett Margaret , Crowe Ruth , Gwiazdowski Steven G. , Keller Heather , Kurtin Paul , Kuzniewicz Michael , Mazzeo Ann Marie , Schulman Joseph , Nisbet Courtney C. , Sharek Paul J. 
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND:
There is unexplained variation in length of stay (LOS) across NICUs, suggesting that there may be practices that can optimize LOS.

METHODS:
Three groups of NICUs in the California Perinatal Quality Care Collaborative were followed: (1) collaborative centers participating in an 18-month collaborative quality improvement project to optimize LOS for preterm infants; (2) individual centers aiming to optimize LOS; and (3) nonparticipants. Our aim in the collaborative project was to decrease postmenstrual age (PMA) at discharge for infants born between 27 + 0 and &lt;32 weeks’ gestational age by 3 days. A secondary outcome was “early discharge,” the proportion of infants discharged from the hospital before 36 + 5 weeks’ PMA. The balancing measure of readmissions within 72 hours was tracked for the collaborative group.

RESULTS:
From 2013 to 2015, 8917 infants were cared for in 20 collaborative NICUs, 19 individual project NICUs, and 71 nonparticipants. In the collaborative group, the PMA at discharge decreased from 37.8 to 37.5 weeks (P = .02), and early discharge increased from 31.6% to 41.9% (P = .006). The individual project group had no significant change. Nonparticipants had a decrease in PMA from 37.5 to 37.3 weeks (P = .01) but no significant change in early discharge (39.8% to 43.6%; P = .24). There was no significant change in readmissions over time in the collaborative group.

CONCLUSIONS:
A structured collaborative project that was focused on optimizing LOS led to a 3-day decrease in LOS and was more effective than individualized quality improvement efforts.
An International Comparison of Death Classification at 22 to 25 Weeks’ Gestational Age
Authors: Smith Lucy K. , Morisaki Naho , Morken Nils-Halvdan , Gissler Mika , Deb-Rinker Paromita , Rouleau Jocelyn , Hakansson Stellan , Kramer Michael R. , Kramer Michael S. 
Published: June 2018

OBJECTIVES:
To explore international differences in the classification of births at extremely low gestation and the subsequent impact on the calculation of survival rates.

METHODS:
We used national data on births at 22 to 25 weeks’ gestation from the United States (2014; n = 11 144), Canada (2009–2014; n = 5668), the United Kingdom (2014–2015; n = 2992), Norway (2010–2014; n = 409), Finland (2010–2015; n = 348), Sweden (2011–2014; n = 489), and Japan (2014–2015; n = 2288) to compare neonatal survival rates using different denominators: all births, births alive at the onset of labor, live births, live births surviving to 1 hour, and live births surviving to 24 hours.

RESULTS:
For births at 22 weeks’ gestation, neonatal survival rates for which we used live births as the denominator varied from 3.7% to 56.7% among the 7 countries. This variation decreased when the denominator was changed to include stillbirths (ie, all births [1.8%–22.3%] and fetuses alive at the onset of labor [3.7%–38.2%]) or exclude early deaths and limited to births surviving at least 12 hours (50.0%–77.8%). Similar trends were seen for infants born at 23 weeks’ gestation. Variation diminished considerably at 24 and 25 weeks’ gestation.

CONCLUSIONS:
International variation in neonatal survival rates at 22 to 23 weeks’ gestation diminished considerably when including stillbirths in the denominator, revealing the variation arises in part from differences in the proportion of births reported as live births, which itself is closely connected to the provision of active care.
Agronomic benefits of long-term trials
Authors: Jolánkai M. , Tarnawa Á. , Nyárai H. F. , Szentpétery Z. , Kassai M. K. 
Published: June 2018

Long-term trials are established in order to explore and observe plant and soil interrelationships in situ. Long-term trials can be described as live instruments providing ceteris paribus conditions in temporal sequences.
This review provides an introduction to major long-term trials in Hungary and in other parts of the world. It gives a brief summary of the origins of plant nutritional research, beginning with some data from Homer and the willow tree experiment of van Helmont, as well as the discovery of physiological processes by von Liebig, Lawes and Boussingault. The most profound long-term trials, like the Orto Botanico in Padova, the Linné Garden in Uppsala and the Broadbalk in Rothamsted are presented in the paper.
The agronomic, educational and scientific benefits of the major Hungarian long-term trials are also discussed, from Westsik (1929) to Martonvásár and the National Plant Nutrition Trials (OMTK) set up in 1963. There is a list of experimental sites giving information on the most important recent long-term trial locations and their activities.
Impact of fertilization on the mineral nutrition and yield of Salix triandra x Salix viminalis and Robinia pseudoacacia L. bioenergy crops
Authors: Simon László , Szabó Béla , Vincze György , Szabó Miklós , Koncz József 
Published: June 2018

Willow was cultivated as an energy crop in a field experiment. The brown forest soil was treated with an inorganic fertilizer (ammonium nitrate−AN: 100 kg ha-1) or with various organic or mineral soil amendments (municipal biocompost–MBC: 20 t ha−1; municipal sewage sludge compost–MSSC: 15 t ha−1; rhyolite tuff–RT: 30 t ha−1; willow ash−WA: 600 kg ha−1), or their combinations (AN+MBC; AN+RT; AN+WA, MSSC+WA) in four replications. Nineteen months after the soil treatments the macroelement-rich amendments (MBC, MSSC) enhanced the harvested fresh shoot yield most significantly (up to 41% as compared to the untreated control), and also the shoot diameter and shoot height of the willow plants. Most of the treatments enhanced the uptake of N (9.8-23.5%) and K in willow leaves, but the concentrations of P, Mg, Ca, Fe and Zn in the leaves were reduced. The toxic element (As, Cd, Pb) accumulation of willow shoots was negligible.
In a 4-year field experiment the effects of the mineral fertilizers AN and AN+calcium-magnesium carbonate (CMC) were studied on the mineral nutrition of the leaves and wood yield of black locust trees cultivated as an energy crop. The brown forest soil was treated with 300 kg ha−1 annual doses of these fertilizers as top-dressing in June 2009, May 2010 and May 2011. Both fertilizers caused a three to four times increase in the nitrate content of the upper soil soon after their application in June. By the end of the vegetation period (in December) the nitrate concentration in the soil was similar to that in the control plots. The nitrogen content of the leaf stalks (petioles) and leaves, however, was only slightly higher in the treated plots. As a trend, fertilization increased the phosphorus and reduced the calcium uptake in the leaf stalks and leaves, while the magnesium content was not influenced. In March 2012, when the whole trees were harvested, 22% or 28% higher aboveground fresh shoot weight was detected in the AN or AN+CMC treatments than in the control.
İlkokullarda okul müdürlerinin mali kaynak gerektiren ihtiyaçları karşılama yolları
Authors: TOKER GÖKÇE Asiye , USLU Ömer Faruk 
Published: June 2018

Araştırmanın
amacı, ilkokullarda görev yapan okul müdürlerinin görüşlerinden yararlanarak
ilkokulların mali kaynak gerektiren ihtiyaçlarını belirlemek, bu ihtiyaçlarını
karşılamak için gerekli olan finans kaynaklarını nasıl elde ettiklerini tespit
etmek ve okulların finans ihtiyaçları doğrultusunda okul müdürlerinin çözüm
önerilerini belirlemektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu dokuz ilkokul müdürü
oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma nitel yöntemle yapılmıştır; veri toplamada görüşme
yönteminden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri yarı yapılandırılmış
görüşmelerle elde edilmiştir. Araştırmada elde edilen verilerin
çözümlenmesinde içerik analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmada ilkokullarda
mali kaynak gerektiren ihtiyaçlar beş başlık altında toplanmıştır. Bunlar
kırtasiye ihtiyaçları, temizlik ihtiyaçları, fiziksel ihtiyaçlar, bilişim ve
donanım ihtiyaçları ve yardımcı personel ihtiyaçlarıdır. Ayrıca okul müdürleri
bu ihtiyaçlarını, gönüllü veli bağışları, kantin gelirleri, Okul Aile Birliği faaliyetleri, İl ve İlçe Milli
Eğitim Müdürlükleri’nin kantin gelirleri, hayırsever vatandaşlardan alınan bağışlar,
çeşitli sivil toplum kurumlarından alınan yardımlar, yerel yönetimlerden
alınan yardımlar, kermesler, okul içinde yapılan sosyal faaliyetler, okul
bahçesinde bulunan para çekme makinesi, okula gelir sağlamak için yapılan
pilav günleri, yapılan deneme sınavlarından alınan paylar, öğrencilerin aldığı
kaynak kitaplardan alınan paylar, okula alınan fotokopi kağıtlarından alınan
paylar, mahalle muhtarları aracılığı ile elde edilen gelirler olmak üzere15
farklı gelir çeşidi ile karşılamaya çalışmaktadırlar. Okul müdürleri,
okullarının finansal sorunlarının çözümü için velilerin algılarının değiştirilmesi, çevre ve çevre işyerleri ile iyi
ilişkiler kurulması, Okul Aile Birliği aracılığı ile yapılacak çalışmalar,
kermes düzenlemek, kardeş okul bulmak, sponsor firma bulmak, belediyelerden
yardım almak, muhtarlar aracılığı ile maddi kaynak bulmak ve liderlik
özellikleri göstermek gibi öneriler sunmuşlardır.
Comparison of Ticagrelor with Clopidogrel in Reducing Interleukin-17 and Myeloperoxidase Expression in Thrombus and Improving Postprocedural Coronary Flow in ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients
Authors: Li WenHua , Guo SongQi , Wang Shu , Sun Xin , Li ZhuQin , Sun XinYong , Sun YanMing , Wang LanFeng , Pan Wei 
Published: June 2018

Purpose. This study aimed to explore the effects of ticagrelor (a P2Y12 receptor inhibitor) on interleukin (IL)-17 and myeloperoxidase (MPO) expression in coronary thrombus as well as on the coronary blood flow in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods. Forty STEMI patients who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University between August 1, 2014 and December 30, 2014 were enrolled in this study according to a set inclusion criteria. They were randomized to ticagrelor and clopidogrel groups and treated with 180 mg ticagrelor and 600 mg clopidogrel before PCI, respectively. Intracoronary thrombus aspiration was performed by a physician during PCI. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis were carried out to detect the expression of IL-17 and MPO in the thrombus. Corrected thrombolysis in myocardial infarction frame count (CTFC) was used to evaluate blood flow after PCI. Results. Immunohistochemistry results showed that the average positive staining area percentage of IL-17 and MPO in the clopidogrel group was significantly higher than that in the ticagrelor group. Western blot analysis also showed similar results for IL-17 (clopidogrel 0.71 ± 0.036, ticagrelor 0.50 ± 0.56) and MPO (clopidogrel 0.50 ± 0.040; ticagrelor 0.38 ± 0.06). CTFC was lower in the ticagrelor group than that in the clopidogrel group (P < 0.05). Conclusions. Ticagrelor is more effective than clopidogrel in reducing inflammation thrombosis and improving postprocedural PCI blood flow in STEMI patients. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.