bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional sit-to-stands evoke greater neuromuscular activation than orthopaedic bed exercises in healthy older adults
Authors: Gavin James P. , Immins Tikki , Burgess Louise C. , Wainwright Thomas W. 
Published: April 2018

OBJECTIVE: To compare EMG activity of the hip and thigh muscles during traditional static bed exercises and the sit-to-stand exercise in healthy older adults. METHODS: Twenty-four healthy, older adults (8 males; age 65 [Formula: see text] 7 y) performed four static rehabilitation exercises: isometric contractions of the gluteal, abductor, inner quadriceps and quadriceps (ten, [Formula: see text] 5 s submaximal contractions, with 60 rests), and the sit-to-stand test. Electromyographic (EMG) activity was recorded from the rectus femoris, vastus medialis, gluteus medius, biceps femoris and gluteus maximus, and root mean square-processed (RMS) in this observational preliminary study. Handgrip strength and 10 m walking speed represented participant characteristics. RESULTS: Hip and thigh muscles were activated differently between the isometric bed and sit-to-stand exercises. Greatest RMS activity was shown in the chair rising phase of the sit-to-stand exercise. No bed exercise exceeded the muscle RMS activity required to perform a sit-to-stand, and only for sit-to-stands were all muscles activated over 40% of maximal; the level required to stimulate muscle strength adaptation. CONCLUSIONS: Functional daily activities, such as sit-to-standing, produce greater muscle activity than static bed exercises in healthy older adults. Sit-to-stands should be included in exercise and rehabilitation programs for older adults to evoke sufficient levels of neuromuscular activation for muscle strength adaptation.
Forebrain cellular bioenergetics in neonatal mice
Authors: Narchi Hassib , Thachillath Pramathan , Souid Abdul-Kader 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND: Hypoglycemia occurs frequently in the neonate and may result in neurologic dysfunction. Its impact on the kinetics of cellular respiration and bioenergetics in the neonatal brain remains to be explored. AIMS: Develop murine model to investigate the effects of hypoglycemia on neonatal brain bioenergetics. STUDY DESIGN: Forebrain fragments were excised from euthanized BALB/c pups aged <24 hours to 14 days. We measured cellular respiration ( μM O2 min–1.mg–1) in phosphate-buffered saline with and without glucose, using phosphorescence oxygen analyzer, as well as cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP, nmol.mg–1) using the luciferin-luciferase system. RESULTS: In the presence of glucose, although cellular respiration was 11% lower in pups ≤3 days compared to those 3– 14 days old (0.48 vs. 0.54), that difference was not statistically significant ( p = 0.14). Respiration driven by endogenous metabolic fuels (without added glucose) was 16% lower in pups ≤3 days compared to those 3– 14 days (0.35 vs. 0.42, p = 0.03), confirming their increased dependency on exogenous glucose. Although cellular ATP was similar between the two age groups (14.9 vs. 11.2, p = 0.32), the ATP content was more severely depleted without added glucose in the younger pups, especially in the presence of the cytochrome c oxidase inhibitor cyanide. The first-order rate constant of cellular ATP decay (hydrolysis) was 44% lower in 2-day-old pups compared to 14-day-old mice (0.43 vs. 0.77 min–1, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Forebrain cellular respiration and ATP consumption are lower in young pups than older mice. In the absence of glucose, the support for these processes is reduced in young pups, explaining their brain hypersensitivity to hypoglycemia.
Probiotic Lactococcus lactis decreases incidence and severity of necrotizing enterocolitis in a preterm animal model
Authors: Gurien L.A. , Stallings-Archer K. , Smith S.D. 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) persists as the most common and serious gastrointestinal disorder among premature infants. Lactococcus lactis ( LL), a lactic acid producing bacteria commonly found in buttermilk and cheese products, has several unique properties making it an ideal probiotic for neonates. We evaluated if the probiotic LL prevents development of NEC in a preterm rabbit model with Cronobacter sakazakii ( CS). METHODS: Two-day preterm New Zealand white rabbit pups were randomly assigned to three diets: control (no additives), CS, and CS+ LL. Pups were gavage fed and given daily oral ranitidine and indomethacin. Anal blockage was performed using tissue adhesive. Subjects were sacrificed on day four, with tissue from distal ileum and proximal colon graded for NEC by a pediatric pathologist blinded to group assignments. Outcomes were compared using Fisher’s exact test. RESULTS: All pups in the control group survived to sacrifice and none developed NEC. Survival was 26% higher ( p = 0.03) and incidence of NEC 51% less ( P < 0.001) in CS+LL group compared to CS group. Of the pups that developed NEC, all pups in the CS+LL group had Grade 1 NEC, while one-third of pups in the CS group developed Grades 2–4 NEC. CONCLUSIONS: In the presence of CS, LL is protective against development of NEC in a preterm rabbit model. Future studies are needed that evaluate utilization of prophylactic probiotics in the neonatal intensive care unit to determine if this intervention can successfully decrease rates of NEC in preterm infants.
Universal newborn hearing screening using A-TEOAE and A-ABR: The experience of a large public hospital
Authors: Cianfrone F. , Mammarella F. , Ralli M. , Evetovic V. , Pianura C.M. , Bellocchi G. 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND: Universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS) aims to identify hearing loss in the early postnatal period; prompt detection of bilateral or unilateral hearing loss is mandatory for timely intervention. METHODS: This retrospective study reports the results of the first two years of a UNHS program on 4,719 newborns in a large public Italian hospital. Screening was divided into two levels: automated transient otoacoustic emissions were used for first level; automated auditory brainstem response for second level. Second level included children with a “refer” response at first level and babies with a family history for hearing loss or other risk factors. Hearing loss diagnosis was made using clinical auditory brainstem response. RESULTS: During first level, 254 (5.4% ) newborns were “refer”. At retest, 130 (51.1% ) babies were PASS and 48 (18.8% ) were “refer”. 76 babies dropped out (29.9% ). 146 babies (3.1% ) were referred to the second level: 48 for a “refer” response at first level and 98 for a PASS response but potential hearing loss due to risk factors. 24 babies dropped out (16.4% ). Out of 122 newborns tested in the second level, 105 (86.1% ) had a PASS response and 17 (13.9% ) were “refer”. Our screening protocol identified 7 (0.14% ) babies with profound hearing loss; 5 had unilateral and 2 had bilateral hearing loss. 2 babies dropped out at diagnostic level (11.8% ). CONCLUSIONS: A correct and early diagnosis of hearing loss is mandatory to prevent permanent consequences; the spread of hearing screening programs is the optimal solution to reach this goal.
Analyse, anticipation, prospective
Authors: Soutou Georges-Henri 
Published: April 2018

On distingue les trois étapes de tout effort de prévision : analyse, anticipation, prospective. Dans notre contexte de Stratégie, l’action reste toujours, au moins à l’horizon, en asymptote. Mais toute action menée en fonction d’une prévision modifie les données de la situation et aboutit à des changements nécessitant une nouvelle prévision. Action et prospective sont ainsi en relation dialectique.
Défis environnementaux émergents
Authors: Mondon Sylvain 
Published: April 2018

Lorsque Hervé Coutau-Bégarie écrit 2030 la fin de la mondialisation ? , la question du changement climatique fait l’objet de controverses de plusieurs ordres. En partant des archives paléoclimatiques, les différentes composantes de la variabilité du climat sont mises en perspectives pour différentes échelles de temps du passé et du futur. L’enjeu du changement climatique est ainsi requalifié au titre des défis environnementaux au bénéfice des connaissances nouvelles publiées dans le domaine des sciences du climat au cours de la dernière décennie. Les différentes facettes de ce défi environnemental émergent sont explicitées et mise en relation les unes avec les autres. Rétrospectivement, il est possible désormais d’affirmer que les 30 dernières années ont vu émerger d’une tendance lourde. Il n’est plus possible aujourd’hui de ne pas aborder le changement climatique dans des travaux prospectifs quel que soit le domaine, l’échelle spatiale et l’horizon de temps considérés.
High Reliability of Cone Cell Measurements With Adaptive Optics Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy in a Simulated Real-Life Clinical Setting
Authors: Davoudi Samaneh , Sevgi Damla Duriye , Yasa Cagla , Laíns Inês , Ebrahimiadib Nazanin , Roohipoor Ramak , Papavasilieou Evangelia , Comander Jason , Sobrin Lucia 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
The authors evaluated adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AO-SLO) in a simulated real-life clinical setting to identify factors that impact its reliability in this setting.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
For this prospective study, macular cones were imaged in five healthy eyes using an AO-SLO prototype machine. Multilevel mixed-effect regression was used to compare the cone densities across different analysis parameters. Intergrader, intragrader, interphotographer, and intersession reliabilities were determined with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).

RESULTS:
Cone densities in the largest measurement window size, 150 μm × 150 μm, were most consistent. Image quality strongly impacted cone analysis. Intragrader and intergrader ICCs were 0.99 and 0.98, respectively. Intersession and interphotographer reliability both had an ICC of 0.72.

CONCLUSIONS:
Larger measurement window sizes and higher image quality improve the reliability of cone density measurement. Although there were excellent intergrader and intragrader reliabilities, intersession and interphotographer reliabilities were not as robust.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2018;49:228–235.]
The use of price-to-earnings-to-growth (PEG) ratios to predict share performance on the JSE
Authors: I’Ons T. , Ward M. 
Published: April 2018

The effectiveness of the Price Earnings Growth ratio as a valuation tool has been a topical debate amongst analysts ever since being popularised by Lynch (1989). This study examines the appropriateness of the fair value criteria of a PEG of 1,0, as proposed by Lynch (PEGL), and compares this with the time-series based, share specific model, proposed by Trombley (2008) (PEGT). In addition, the study analyses several factors which influence the accuracy of analyst’s forecasts (viz. the number of analysts’ contributions, the dispersion of forecasts and the forecast horizon), with the objective of identifying an optimal trading rule based on the PEG ratio. We find consistent outperformance of the PEGT model. We also note (unexpectedly) that analyst’s forecasting accuracy may have a less significant impact on the usefulness of the PEG ratio than their optimism. Finally, we report an optimised PEG trading rule which delivered annual abnormal returns of 13,7% over the study period. The trading rule appeared to single out small-capitalisation firms, with above market growth prospects, which performed well in a buoyant market.
The investigation into the influence of the features of furniture product design on consumers’ perceived value by fuzzy semantics
Authors: Lee A. S. 
Published: April 2018

This study employed fuzzy theory to investigate the influence of the features of furniture product design on the fuzzy semantics of Taiwanese consumers’ perceived value in new product design and development in hopes of providing product designers or developers with a reference to new product design and development. Furniture designers or manufacturers can use u(x), the fuzzy membership function value of the model for investigating the fuzzy semantic relation between the features of furniture product design and consumers’ perceived value, to evaluate the fuzzy semantics of consumers’ perceived value, and they can also employ the fuzzy semantic mean equation, namely to transform the research data into fuzzy semantics. In this study, all the consumers agreed that the features of furniture product design were significantly correlated to the fuzzy semantics of consumers’ perceived value. In terms of the fuzzy semantics of the perceived value, the consumers with different genders, ages, education backgrounds, and incomes had different opinions about the features of furniture product design, and there were significant differences between the variables. In short, this study is helpful to understand consumers’ demand for products as well as the development of consumer-oriented products, enhance their purchase intention, and improve corporate performance and market competitiveness.
Sporen van en naar filosofie en filosoferen in het Vlaamse secundair onderwijs
Authors: Galle Griet 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Traces of and tracks towards philosophy and philosophizing in Flemish secondary education

At present philosophy has only a minor place in the Flemish secondary education curriculum. In the first part of the article, I defend the view that philosophy deserves a place as an autonomous subject in the final two years of secondary school. I sketch the content of such a philosophy course and I propose a didactical model for this course. The second part of the article discusses social tendencies that explain the current debate over whether there should be more philosophy in secondary schools. In the third part I try to explain why philosophy still lacks a structural place in Flemish secondary education. Finally I present a survey of ‘traces’ of philosophy and philosophizing in Flemish secondary education and I formulate a conclusion.
Naar het einde van een zwerftocht
Authors: van Geest Paul 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Towards the end of a ramble: transfer of knowledge, embracing values and the teaching profession according to Augustine

In this article the first traces of Augustine’s desire to be not only a teacher but also, in conjunction with this, a writer of protreptics are pointed out in his Soliloquia and his De catechizandis rudibus. Protrepsis and first catechesis need to coincide. In De catechizandis rudibus, he advised deacon Deogratias to clarify the Last Judgement and the resurrection of the body. These two doctrines were both a pièce de resistance for pagans, and therefore also for rudes. The choice of these doctrines demonstrates Augustine’s attempt to have the deacon adopt a protreptic approach in his first catechesis – possibly without Deogratias even knowing it himself. There was no chance that the beginners would already be truly acquainted with these essential aspects of the Christian view of the world and of the future. As it turns out, the line between protrepsis and catechesis is a very fine one in this case.
De beste truc om kritisch te leren denken
Authors: de Regt Herman 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

The Best Trick to Teach Critical Thinking. How philosophy of science and magic make young people resilient to nonsense.

In a world of ‘alternative facts’ and fact-free opinions, all readily available through the internet, young people can easily fall prey to nonsense, thus running the risk to act on false information. Critical thinking is usually seen as a remedy against accepting and acting on such falsehoods. Under a pragmatist-naturalist interpretation of science, critical thinking is synonymous with scientific inquiry. Magic tricks in the classroom seem to trigger, in an attractive and accessible way, the scientific process of inquiry in students. Two examples are discussed. Provisional results look promising enough to further explore the use of magic tricks in the classroom to train critical thinking in young people.
Hoe kan waardegeladen kritisch denken worden onderwezen in filosofische gesprekken?
Authors: Rombout Floor , Schuitema Jaap , Volman Monique 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

How to teach value-loaded critical thinking in philosophical classroom discussions?

An important aim of education is that students learn to think critically about moral issues. Philosophy is one of the subjects that is expected to contribute to this aim, because of its subject matter and the dialogic teaching methods. The aim of this study is to explore how philosophical classroom discussions can promote value-loaded critical thinking. First, we discuss the work of Dewey, Arendt and Habermas on moral reasoning and educational literature on critical thinking, in order to find characteristics of philosophical classroom discussions in which students engage in value-loaded critical thinking. These characteristics are: the discussions are 1) genuine dialogues, in which 2) logical reasoning and 3) moral values are addressed in 4) a transfer-oriented manner. Second, we translate these characteristics into teaching strategies, based on empirical research complemented with examples from philosophical classroom discussions. We conclude that philosophical classroom discussions might promote value-loaded critical thinking by open and critical investigation of values; with an emphasis on logically valid reasoning (in the context of meaningful examples). However, we recommend further development of teaching strategies for perspective-taking, de- and recontextualisation, and reflection.
Hoe kunnen we leren te filosoferen?
Authors: Wessels Hans 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

How can we learn to philosophize?

Classroom teaching in philosophy in secondary education has two aims: learning the names and positions of the great philosophers, and doing philosophy or real ‘philosophizing’. In this article doing philosophy is seen as training in specific ‘thinking skills’ that provides ‘slow thinking’ in the classroom. A Dutch model of these philosophical thinking skills is presented consisting of four categories of thinking skills which are derived from classical philosophical methods as phenomenology, hermeneutics, dialectics and analytical philosophy. Slow thinking can be reached when: a) these categories of thinking skills are trained successfully, b) the training in analytical thinking skills is followed by a fifth category of thinking skills in which a conclusion or decision must be formulated as well as the reason for the conclusion. Analysis shows that four of the five thinking skills are clearly recognizable in the dialogue Laches of Plato.
How Do Agency Theory, Stewardship Theory and Intellectual Capital as a Solution for Agency Conflict?
Authors: Rahmawati Alni , Moeljadi Moeljadi , Djumahir Djumahir , Sumiati Sumiati 
Published: April 2018

The article aims to integrate agency theory, stewardship theory and intellectual capital in minimizing agencies conflict. The theories were approached by identifying organizational principles according to perspective of shareholders, then comparison of applications of agency theory, stewardship theory and intellectual capital contributing to the principal relationship with the agent in minimizing agencies conflict in order to contribute to enhancement of corporate value was discussed and empirical studies on perspectives of agency, stewardship and intellectual capital perspective specialized in human capital and structural capital were examined. The deep study of the theories concluded, it is necessary to integrate agency theory and stewardship theory and intellectual capital in effort of minimizing agencies conflict and enhancing corporate value. Further, it can be suggested that perspective of agency theory explains the importance of multi-principles framework, with perspectives of stewardship theory and intellectual capital showing a situation in which agent has the same interest as principle or to be motivated to make action for the sake of the best interest of the principal in minimizing agencies conflict and enhancing value of the company. Empirical literature can add more thoughts on agency issues integrated with stewardship theory and intellectual capital that can contribute to the study of the issues.
COMPORTAMENTO SILVICULTURAL DE ESPÉCIES FLORESTAIS EM ARRANJO PARA INTEGRAÇÃO PECUÁRIA FLORESTA
Authors: Nieri Erick Martins , Macedo Renato Luiz Grisi , Martins Thales Guilherme vaz , Melo Lucas Amaral de , Venturin Regis Pereira , Venturin Nelson 
Published: April 2018

Objetivou-se neste estudo avaliar o comportamento silvicultural de sete espécies florestais introduzidas em arranjo inicial para sistema de integração pecuária-floresta sobre pastagem degradada em Lavras, Minas Gerais. O trabalho foi instalado em delineamento de blocos casualizados em quatro repetições, 48 plantas úteis por parcela, em arranjo de (3(3x2)+7x2) m. Avaliaram-se as espécies florestais Acacia mangium Willd, Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess, Dipteryx alata Vogel, Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis (1528 e GG100), Khaya senegalensis A. Juss, Tectona grandis L. e dois materiais de Toona ciliata M. Roemer, propagados por meio vegetativo e via semente. As espécies foram selecionadas, principalmente, pelo valor econômico da madeira, taxa de crescimento em áreas degradadas e múltiplos usos. O comportamento silvicultural foi realizado aos 52 meses pela mensuração da sobrevivência, diâmetro à altura do peito, altura total, volume de madeira e área de projeção de copa, sendo analisados por meio do software R. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que as espécies apresentaram diferente comportamento silvicultural, destacando a adaptação e rusticidade dos híbridos de Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis e Acacia mangium Willd. Contudo, dentre as espécies testadas, o híbrido de Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis (GG100 e 1528), A. mangium e T. ciliata clonal apresentaram melhor comportamento silvicultural, com o maior potencial de utilização em sistema de integração pecuária-floresta no arranjo (3(3x2)+7x2) m em pastagem degradada, nas condições edafoclimáticas de Lavras.
“I’ve Got My Haunts”: Jam Communities, Individual Repertoires, and the Folk Process in Michigan
Authors: Rohs Steve 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Music jams in Michigan present challenges to participating musicians to discover and learn musical repertoires. While such forms of “participatory” music are socially welcoming, full engagement and participation require folksingers and instrumentalists to search out songs and tunes in face-to-face and digital encounters. As they do so, musicians enact folk processes in which they negotiate with archival and digital institutions in order to forge their own vernacular musical voices. As a social endeavor, many find these processes empowering, enabling them to contribute to group archives, forge strong social identities, and re-evaluate older or abandoned musical resources.
Vernacular Dialectics: Spiritual Practices of Tsaddik Veneration by Secular Israelis
Authors: Sarfati Liora 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Vernacular dialectic reasoning reconciles contradictions in people’s lives. It involves an amalgam of emotion, belief, and intuition, as well as structures and intentions similar to formal dialectics and scientific thinking. In contemporary Israel, many self-proclaimed secular Jews use vernacular dialectics to avoid confronting stark contradictions between their pilgrimages to the graves of Jewish saints (tsaddikirm), their virtual practices of tsaddik veneration, and prevailing rational assumptions in their secular daily lives.