bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Emicizumab Prophylaxis on Hospitalizations and Emergency Department Visits Among Hemophilia A Patients Is Age Related
Authors: Geller Dan , Budnik Ivan , Barhod Tlalit , Cohen Omri , Brutman‐Barazani Tamar , Efros Orly , Lubetsky Aharon , Lalezari Shadan , Levy‐Mendelovich Sarina , Kenet Gili , Barg Assaf A. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionHemophilia A (HA) therapy poses a significant healthcare burden. In recent years, emicizumab has been approved for prophylaxis. The current study explores the impact of transitioning to emicizumab on emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations in pediatric and adult HA patients.MethodsData of HA patients transitioned to emicizumab at the Israeli National Hemophilia Center was retrospectively analyzed. Demographic information, inhibitor status, treatment duration, number, and reasons of ED visits and hospitalizations were assessed.ResultsOverall, transitioning to emicizumab significantly reduced ED visits and hospitalizations. While children experienced a significant reduction in both ED visits and hospitalizations, adults showed no statistically significant change. Post‐emicizumab initiation, main reasons for ED visits among children shifted from prophylactic treatment and central line‐associated complications to injury‐related incidents.ConclusionsThis real‐world analysis demonstrates a substantial decrease in ED visits and hospitalizations, following emicizumab prophylaxis in HA patients. However, this improvement was age dependent as it was observed only among children. Further prospective studies evaluating this aspect may shed light on these findings.
Effect of DBD Plasma/Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on the Printability of Wool Fabric With Beetroot Peels as a Natural Dye
Authors: Al‐Megrin Wafa Abdullah I. , Mohamed Fatma A. , Ahmed Hend M. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe treatment of wool with plasma reduces wet‐out time, which is important for dyeing processes. Additionally, the incorporation of nanoparticles could enhance the antibacterial properties of the wool, making it more suitable for various applications, especially in textiles where hygiene is a concern. We investigated the effects of oxygen plasma treatment and ZnO nanoparticles on the printability of wool fabric dyed with beetroot peels. The study assessed several parameters, including color strength (K/S), fastness properties, wet‐out time, FTIR analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and antibacterial effects. The FTIR study revealed an increase in hydroxyl functional groups following the treatment of wool fabric with oxygen plasma and ZnO nanoparticles. This increase suggests that the surface of the wool became more reactive due to these treatments. Additionally, the enhanced conductivity observed in the treated wool is attributed to the synergistic effect of combining oxygen plasma treatment with ZnO nanoparticles. This combination not only improves the fabric's surface activity but also facilitates better interaction with dyes. The improvements in surface properties were corroborated by contact angle measurements, which approached zero, indicating enhanced hydrophilicity. Additionally, tensile strength measurements confirmed these enhancements, demonstrating increased durability. Overall, the treatment of printed wool fabrics resulted in vibrant, long‐lasting colors while also improving antibacterial properties and printability.
Optical Diagnostics of Discharges in and in Contact With Liquids
Authors: Belmonte Thiery , Bruggeman Peter 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTDischarges in liquids have been the subject of intensive investigations for a broad range of applications and involve highly coupled and complex phenomena with timescales ranging from picoseconds to seconds and length scales from micrometers to centimeters. This review focuses on some of the challenges in optical diagnostics of discharges in and in contact with liquids; this includes the interpretation of optical emission spectra, the inherently stochastic nature of many discharge phenomena including the initial stages of plasma ignition, and the large gradients in species and plasma properties interfacing with a dynamic liquid interface. We report recent notable advances, controversies in interpretations of diagnostics, and remaining opportunities.
S‐metolachlor in pre‐emergence reduces the leaf cuticular wax and increases the efficiency of glyphosate
Authors: Files Maurício C , Viana Vívian E , Camargo Edinalvo R , Silva Renan S , Vieira Lucas M , Kruse Nelson D , Jacobsen Luiza R , Avila Luis A 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe low glyphosate uptake capacity, possibly due to the lipophilic character of epicuticular wax on leaves, may contribute to the natural tolerance of some weed species. The use of pre‐emergence herbicides like S‐metolachlor, which inhibits very‐long‐chain fatty acid synthesis, might enhance glyphosate's post‐emergent efficacy against hard‐to‐control weeds, such as Euphorbia heterophylla L. (milkweed) and Ipomoea triloba L. (littlebell). This study aimed to determine whether S‐metolachlor affects glyphosate's efficacy and its impact on epicuticular wax production in these species. In Experiment 1, milkweed was 2.27 times more tolerant to S‐metolachlor than littlebell, with GR50 values of 1024.6 g ai ha−1 and 451.2 g ai ha−1, respectively. In Experiment 2, S‐metolachlor enhanced glyphosate efficacy in both species. For littlebell, S‐metolachlor increased glyphosate efficacy by 28% at 21 days after treatment (DAT), while milkweed boosted control to 61%, compared to 45% in untreated plants. The herbicide accelerated glyphosate's action, particularly at lower doses. In Experiment 3, S‐metolachlor reduced epicuticular wax by up to 47% in littlebell and 45% in milkweed during early growth. Wax levels remained lower in treated plants, contributing to improved glyphosate efficacy.CONCLUSIONS‐metolachlor in pre‐emergence reduces the amount of wax deposited in the leaf surface, increasing glyphosate efficiency in both species, especially at the beginning of the phenological stage. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Evaluation of tree‐injected oxytetracycline and antisense oligonucleotides targeting Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus in citrus
Authors: Roldán Erik L. , Stelinski Lukasz L. , Pelz‐Stelinski Kirsten S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDHuanglongbing (HLB) is a systemic disease of citrus caused by the bacterial pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) that limits citrus production worldwide. CLas is an obligate bacterial pathogen that multiplies in citrus trees and in the insect vector, the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama. There is no cure for HLB currently and broad‐spectrum antibiotics represent one possible therapeutic against disease symptoms. Single‐stranded nucleic acid analogs, 2′‐deoxy‐2’‐Fluoro‐β‐D‐arabinonucleic antisense oligonucleotides (FANA ASOs), can modulate gene expression by enzymatic degradation or steric blocking of an RNA target. FANA ASOs recognize and bind to specific RNA forms, including mRNA, miRNA and long noncoding RNA, through complementary base‐pairing.RESULTSInjection of oxytetracycline (OTC) into mature citrus trees with HLB ameliorated symptoms of disease, increased fruit yield and quality of juice as compared with that produced by noninjected controls. Injection of trees with FANA ASOs reduced CLas abundance but did not improve fruit yield and quality above control levels at the injection dosage tested. Reduced pathogen relative abundance following OTC injection was coincident with lower CLas acquisition and inoculation by laboratory deployed and wild‐type D. citri collected from the field, respectively. However, injections of FANA ASOs did not consistently reduce CLas transmission as compared with noninjected controls.CONCLUSIONSTrunk injection of OTC may be useful in management of HLB by reducing CLas infection in trees and disrupting transmission. However, more research is needed to verify the potential usefulness of FANA ASOs. Optimizing FANA ASO dosage in trees and exploring the potential of multiplex FANA ASOs that simultaneously target multiple mRNAs could possibly enhance their efficacy against CLas. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Identification and genomic insights into Bacillus siamensis strains with host colonization potential and activity against tomato bacterial wilt
Authors: Ding Shanwen , Li Ping , Tang Yafei , He Zifu , She Xiaoman 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDBacterial wilt (BW), caused by Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC), is considered as one of the most destructive plant diseases worldwide. In this study, two strains of Bacillus siamensis, BB605‐1 and BB653, were screened and identified from endophytes in healthy tomato and mangrove plants, respectively.RESULTSBoth strains demonstrated antagonistic activities against all 16 RSSC strains, representing eight sequevars from various hosts. The growth of RSSC was suppressed by the crude antimicrobial extracts produced by two strains. The pot inoculation experiment revealed the control efficiencies of two strains against tomato bacterial wilt as 59.63% and 63.98%, respectively. After imparting rifampicin resistance to the strains and applying them to tomato plants, both strains successfully established stable colonization in the rhizosphere, roots, stems, and leaves of tomato plants. Additionally, our study demonstrated that both strains exhibited significant plant growth‐promoting properties. Complete genome sequencing revealed genome size of 3.868 M bp with 3594 protein‐coding genes for BB605‐1, and 3.857 M bp with 3600 protein‐coding genes for BB653. Genome analysis of both strains identified seven secondary metabolite clusters with known antimicrobial properties and predicted three unknown compounds with potentially novel properties. Genome mining revealed several key genes associated with plant growth regulation, colonization, and biofilm formation, and we also detected these corresponding substances.CONCLUSIONSThese findings provide a compelling case for the application of B. siamensis in agricultural practices. The isolates' multiple capacities to colonize, enhance plant growth, and exert antagonistic effects against BW positions them as highly promising candidates for an integrated biological solution. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Platycodin D2 Mediates Incomplete Autophagy and Ferroptosis in Breast Cancer Cells by Regulating Mitochondrial ROS
Authors: Li Yaru , Lin Haijiao , Sun Yu , Zhao Renshuang , Liu Yunyun , Han Jicheng , Zhu Yilong , Jin Ningyi , Li Xiao , Zhu Guangze , Li Yiquan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPlatycodin D2 (PD2) is a triterpenoid saponin extracted from the root of
Platycodon grandiflorum
, a common source of medicine and food.
Platycodon grandiflorum
saponins have anti‐inflammatory, antioxidative, antitumor, and immunity‐promoting effects. However, the effect of PD2 on breast cancer cells has not been reported. The purpose of this study is to explore the molecular mechanism underlying the effect of PD2 on breast cancer cells. We analyzed the inhibitory effects and pathways of PD2 on breast cancer by CCK‐8 assay, WB assay, and immunofluorescence assay. Subsequently, autophagy and ferroptosis were analyzed using different inhibitors. It was found that PD2 caused mitochondrial damage and promoted mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) production, leading to autophagy flux inhibition and ferroptosis. Blockage of autophagy flux and ferroptosis promoted each other, resulting in the inhibition of breast cancer cell proliferation. Similar results were obtained in the tumor‐bearing model in vivo. PD2 promoted autophagy flux blockage and ferroptosis in breast cancer cells, which induced each other under the action of mtROS, thus inhibiting the proliferation of breast cancer cells. PD2 is a potential new strategy for the treatment of breast cancer.
Depression and Its Determinants Among Patients With Sickle Cell Disease: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Dahit Bhuwan , Subedi Madhusudan , Rajbhandari Ajay Kumar , Arjyal Amit , Adhikari Data Ram , Dahal Padam Kanta 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundDepression among patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) is crucial as it is often underdiagnosed and undertreated. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression and to identify its determinants.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted in the Bardiya district of Nepal, based on registered cases of SCD. Depression was measured using the validated Nepalese version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). A random sample of 358 participants with SCD aged >13 years was included in the study. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to sociodemographic, clinical and psychological variables. Logistic regression analysis was performed for bivariate analysis. Variables with a p value of less than 0.05 were subjected to final multivariate logistic regression.ResultsThe prevalence of depression was 36.31% among patients with SCD, age (p = 0.0178), education (p = 0.0178) and sociodemographic status (p = 0.0328) were strongly associated. Factors such as patients aged 40–49 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.05), complications due to SCD (AOR = 1.86) and genetic counselling group (AOR = 4.72) had higher chances of experiencing depression compared to their relative counterparts. However, patients with lower middle‐class economic status, who experience pain crisis, with moderate self‐esteem and who experience discrimination were 52%, 83%, 58% and 58% less likely to have depression compared to their respective counterparts, respectively.ConclusionsDepression was prevalent in patients with SCD, and multiple sociodemographic, clinical and psychological factors were strongly associated. This warrants the urgent need for early diagnosis and treatment of depression among participants with SCD.
Pulmonary vascular manifestations of hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia
Authors: Cullivan Sarah , Kevane Barry , McCullagh Brian , O'Connor Terry M. , Condliffe Robin , Gaine Sean 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant, multisystem disorder that manifests with a spectrum of disease including cardiopulmonary complications. HHT is characterised by aberrant signalling via the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) pathway, with loss of vascular integrity, angiogenesis and vascular dysplasia. The disease has an estimated prevalence of 1 in 5000 persons and the penetrance increases with increasing age. HHT commonly presents with epistaxis and telangiectasia, while visceral arteriovenous malformations are not uncommon. Mutations in the ENG, ACVRL1 and MADH4 genes account for 97% of all HHT cases, and it is recommended that genetic tests are used in combination with the clinical Curaçao criteria to confirm the diagnosis. HHT can be complicated by significant pulmonary vascular disease including pulmonary arteriovenous malformations, pulmonary arterial hypertension and high output cardiac failure. These are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality and therefore timely diagnosis is important to mitigate complications and optimise preventative strategies. This article outlines important advances in our understanding of the pathobiology of HHT and current recommendations regarding the diagnosis and screening of HHT with a specific focus on adult patients with pulmonary vascular disease. Important therapeutic advances, novel therapies on the horizon and unmet needs are also explored.
Variations of riskification: Climate change adaptation in four European cities
Authors: Barquet Karina , Morsut Claudia , Rhinard Mark , Englund Mathilda , Mees Heleen , Engen Ole Andreas Hegland , Neby Simon , Jochemsen Nenya , Angell Elisabeth 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study explores the manifestations of riskification in climate change adaptation (CCA) across four European cities, examining the roles of actors, discourses, and tools. Through comparative analysis, it aims to delineate local riskification, identifying similarities and differences among the cases. Three intervening factors – ideational frameworks, organization of government, and actor networks – are assessed to comprehend the amplification or deceleration of riskification processes locally. Findings reveal that ideational frameworks shape responses to climate change challenges within each case, while government organization influences CCA strategies and funding mechanisms. Actor networks play a pivotal role in shaping CCA efforts, including measurement, modeling, and monitoring. Despite commonalities, the analysis revealed that the intervening factors are further conditioned in each specific case, albeit in different ways, by aspects not initially considered: the influence of risk culture, risk memory, and technocratic governance in local CCA in each situation. These nuances produce variations of riskification that are locally distinct but equally depoliticize climate change risks, overshadowing broader societal implications and impeding transformative approaches. In particular, the dominance of riskified CCA approaches with technocratic characteristics and limited urgency may hinder innovative strategies required for addressing complex CCA challenges.
Fixed‐Time Robust Neural Learning Control for Nonlinear Strict‐Feedback Systems With Prescribed Performance
Authors: Wang Xia , Yang Lin , Xu Bin , Chen Weisheng , Shi Peng 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe fixed‐time robust neural learning control for nonlinear strict‐feedback systems with output constraint and unknown dynamics is investigated in this article. The system nonlinearity is identified using neural network (NN) while the prescribed performance design is employed to avoid the output constraint to be violated. Considering the intelligent approximator only working in an active domain, the smooth switching mechanism is introduced to indicate its effectiveness. Based on the designs of neural approximation and switching signal, a robust adaptive controller is constructed where the NN works in the active domain and the fixed‐time robust design works outside of that domain. Especially for the neural update law, the estimation error is constructed based on a state observer and a serial‐parallel identification system, even though the real system nonlinearity is not available. The effective neural approximation is achieved while the error signals are ensured to be practical fixed‐time stable. Simulation tests are ultimately conducted to demonstrate the validity of the design.
Fault Estimation and Tolerant Anti‐Disturbance Switching Control for Switched Systems With Its Application to Circuit Systems
Authors: Zhao Ying , Wu Donghui , Gao Yuxuan , Liu Xiaohui , Li Pengyuan , Ma Dan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study proposes a fault estimation and tolerant anti‐disturbance switching control (ADSC) approach for the switched systems subject to the system fault and multiple disturbances. The fault dose not required to have a model. The disturbances contain the modeled unmeasurable part and the unmodeled measurable part. First, a composite switching estimator is constructed to simultaneously estimate the unavailable system state, fault and modeled disturbance. Then, by means of the estimator, a switching controller is developed to tolerant the fault and complement the modeled disturbance. Further, under the average dwell time relevant switching signals, criteria are established to ensure the fault estimation performance and robustness property for the switched systems. Finally, via implementing the presented fault estimation and tolerant ADSC scheme on a switched circuit system to regulate the charge and flux, the reasonability of the established result is verified.
Greenhouse gas emissions from tillage practices and crop phases in a sugarbeet‐based crop rotation
Authors: Sainju Upendra M. , Stevens William B. , Jabro Jalal D. , Allen Brett L. , Iversen William M. , Chen Chengci , Alasinrin Sikiru Y. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractInformation is needed on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions due to tillage and crop type on sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.)‐based crop rotations. We measured CO2, N2O, and CH4 emissions as affected by tillage (conventional till [CT], no‐till [NT], and strip till [ST]) under sugarbeet and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) phases of an irrigated sugarbeet–pea (Pisum sativum L.)–spring wheat rotation from 2018 to 2021 in the US northern Great Plains. Greenhouse gases were measured using a static chamber at 3‐ to 28‐day intervals, depending on plant growth and environmental conditions, throughout the year. The CO2 and N2O fluxes peaked for 2–8 months immediately after tillage, planting, fertilization, intense precipitation, and irrigation. The CH4 flux varied little, except for some peaks in the first year. Cumulative annual CO2 flux was 19%–30% greater for CT than NT in 2019–2020 and 2020–2021, and 13% greater for CT than ST in 2020–2021. Cumulative N2O flux was 31%–36% greater for CT than ST in 2018–2019 and 2020–2021, but 33%–83% lower for sugarbeet than spring wheat in all years. Cumulative CH4 flux was 83% lower for CT than NT and 68% lower for sugarbeet than spring wheat in 2018–2019. The GHG balance was 15%–23% greater for CT than NT and ST in 2019–2020 and 2020–2021 and 31% greater under sugarbeet than spring wheat in 2018–2019. No‐tillage can reduce GHG emissions compared to conventional tillage, and sugarbeet can reduce N2O emissions compared to spring wheat in sugarbeet‐based crop rotations.
Charge Separated ZnNb2O6/SnO2 Type‐II Heterojunction Photocatalyst for Enhanced Degradation of Emerging Contaminants
Authors: Bathwar Mittal , R Vijayaraghavan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractZnNb2O6 and a heterojunction ZnNb2O6/SnO2 have been synthesized, characterized, and studied for its photocatalytic activity against organic and pharmaceutical pollutants under UV irradiation. The characterization techniques include X‐ray Diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet‐visible reflectance spectroscopy (UV–vis DRS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), photoluminescence spectra (PL), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XRD confirms single phase formation. The particles sizes of ZnNb2O6 and ZnNb2O6/SnO2 heterojunction are in range of 170–200 nm and 110–140 nm, respectively. Bandgaps as revealed by UV–vis DRS spectra are in the range 3.14–3.71 eV. The n‐n type semiconductor heterojunction ZnNb2O6/SnO2 shows enhanced photocatalytic activity than the individual components for degradation of pollutants due to more effective charge carrier separation. The rate of degradation by the heterojunction is twice that of the individual components. Methyl orange degradation pathways have been proposed using HRMS analysis. This is the first report of pharmaceutical antibiotic pollutants degradation by ZnNb2O6.