bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENAMBAHAN TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT UNTUK MENINGATKAN PRODUKSI BIOGAS PADA PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH SECARA ANAEROBIK
Authors: Kahar Abdul , Aisya Ira , Sari Waya Wulan 
Published: April 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh penambahan tandan kosong kelapa sawit pada reaktor anaerobik terhadap produksi biogas limbah cair kelapa sawit. Bahan penelitian berupa limbah cair kelapa sawit, kotoran sapi dan variasi penambahan Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) 1%, 3% dan 5% dengan 2 kali ulangan dan waktu fermentasi selama 70 hari. Percobaan dilakukan dengan sistem batch dalam reaktor anaerobic, pada temperatur psychrophilic (27°C) dan temperatur. Mesophilic (37°C) dan kapasitas reaktor adalah 300 mL, dengan volume campuran sebanyak 210 mL yang berisi: a) LCKS, dan b) LCKS dengan tambahan kotoran sapi dengan rasio 1:2 (v/v). Reaktor anaerobik terhubung ke penampung untuk menghitung produksi biogas, yang diamati setiap hari selama 50 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produksi biogas tertinggi adalah pada limbah cair kelapa sawit, kotoran sapi, TKKS 5% sebesar 872,5 mL. Penambahan TKKS memberikan pengaruh terhadap produksi biogas limbah cair kelapa sawit pada hari ke 1-24. Penambahan TKKS yang optimal yaitu pada penambahan TKKS 5 %. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan produksi biogas pada temperatur mesophilic lebih besar daripada produksi biogas pada temperatur psychrophilic.
The objective of research is to know the effect of empty fruit bunches in anaerobic reactor of palm oil mill effluent (POME) of biogas production. Research materials are this form of palm oil mill effluent, cows manure with a variation of Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) addition of 1%, 3% and 5% with two replications and 70 days fermentation. The experiment was conducted in a batch system with the anaerobic reactor. It was conduct, at temperature psychrophilic (27°C) dan temperature mesophilic (37°C), with reactor capacity is 300 mL, and the volume of mixture is 210 mL which is contains: a) POME and b) POME with additional cow manure with the ratio of 1:2 (v/v). Anaerobic reactor was connected to the collector to calculate production of biogas. It was observed in every day during 50 days. The results showed that biogas production is highest in palm oil mill effluent, cow manure, EFB 5% is 872.5 mL. The addition of EFB give effect of palm oil mill effluent biobiogas production on days 1-24. The addition of empty fruit bunches which are optimal in the addition of 5 %. The results showed the biogas production at temperature mesophilic more hight than temperature psychrophilic.
PENGEMBANGAN PELAYANAN SISTEM DISTRIBUSI AIR MINUM KOTA TEGAL
Authors: Kusumawardani Yustika , Oktiawan Wiharyanti , Samudro Ganjar 
Published: April 2018

Kota Tegal merupakan salah satu daerah otonom di Provinsi Jawa Tengah yang memiliki jumlah penduduk 248.722 jiwa dengan jumlah kepala keluarga sebesar 61.513. Namun dari keseluruhan jumlah penduduk tersebut tercatat hanya 11.882 pelanggan atau sekitar 19,32% penduduk yang terlayani oleh PDAM Kota Tegal dan tingkat kebocoran air sebesar 44,21%. Tekanan air pada sistem distribusi eksisting sangat rendah karena menara air yang tersedia tidak dapat difungsikan. Kapasitas sumber air baku yang saat ini dimiliki PDAM Kota Tegal adalah 190 lt/dtk. Pengembangan jaringan distribusi sistem penyediaan air minum untuk wilayah Kota Tegal direncanakan hingga tahun 2021 dengan menggunakan sumber air baku baru yang berasal dari PDAB Jawa Tengah yaitu penambahan sebesar 200 liter/detik. Kapasitas air tersebut digunakan untuk menambah wilayah pelayanan di kecamatan Tegal Selatan, Tegal Barat, Tegal Timur dan Margadana. Pengembangan jaringan distribusi baru dapat melayani pelanggan sambungan rumah baru sebesar 16.071 SR dengan presentase rencana pengembangan hingga 79,80 % untuk seluruh wilayah Kota Tegal. Tingkat pelayanan pada Kecamatan Tegal Selatan, Tegal Timur, Tegal Barat dan untuk Kecamatan Margadana adalah 20,96% 16,92%, 19,19% dan 22,72% secara berturut-turut. Perencanaan jaringan distribusi baru tersebut menggunakan pola jaringan distribusi bercabang dan tidak terkoneksi dengan sistem jaringan distribusi lama dengan total anggaran biaya sebesar Rp 17.363.693.000,00.
Tegal Region determined as one of the otonomical regions located in Central Java which has 248,722 populations with the number of head of household 61,513. From that total population was recorded only 11,882 custumers, or approximately 19.32% of the population served by PDAM Tegal with a leak rate it’s about 44.21%. Moreover the water pressure on the existing distribution system is very low because the water tower can not used. Capacity of raw water source that is currently owned by PDAM Tegal is 190 l/sec. Development of distribution networks for drinking water supply systems in Tegal region is planned until the year 2021 using the new raw water sources originating from PDAB in Central Java that is equal to 200 l/sec. Water capacity is used to increase the service area in the district of Tegal Selatan, Tegal Barat, Tegal Timur and Margadana. From that new development distribution network can fullfil customer connections for 16,071 household connections by the percentage of SR development plan up to 79.80% for the entire region Tegal. Which is the service level of each district are 20.96% for Tegal Selatan subdistrict, 16.92%, Tegal Timur subdistrict, 19.19% Tegal Barat subdistrict and 22.72% for Margadana subistrict. The new distribution network planning is designed using branch pattern of the distribution network and unconnected to the old system of distribution network results the total budget about Rp 17,363,693,000.00.
APLIKASI PARTIAL LEAST SQUARE STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELLING UNTUK MENILAI FAKTOR PENCEMARAN AIR KALI SURABAYA
Authors: Nugroho Adam Rus 
Published: April 2018

Pencemaran yang terjadi pada air Kali Surabaya disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor. Namun belum dapat dipastikan faktor pencemaran yang signifikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai pengaruh dan signifikansi dari faktor pencemaran air Kali Surabaya. Beberapa faktor pencemaran akan diprediksi pengaruhnya terhadap tingkat pencemaran Kali Surabaya. Kondisi hulu, kualitas air limbah domestik, dan persepsi masyarakat adalah variabel eksogen (variabel prediktor) yang diprediksi akan mempengaruhi variabel endogen (variabel respon), yaitu tingkat pencemaran Kali Surabaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik Partial Least Square - Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) dengan menggunakan program SmartPLS 2.0 M3. Evaluasi outer model dan inner model menghasilkan model matematis berupa persamaan struktural sebagai berikut: tingkat pencemaran = 0,215 kondisi hulu + 0,466 kualitas air limbah domestik– 0,129 persepsi masyarakat. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa faktor pencemaran Kali Surabaya yang signifikan adalah kondisi hulu sungai dengan nilai t-statistik sebesar 2,24.
Rekomendasi Manajemen Lingkungan di Daerah Aliran Sungai Dondong, Kecamatan Nglipar, Kabupaten Gunungkidul sebagai Mitigasi Bencana Kekeringan
Authors: Wulandari Retno , Khayah Nurmaliyatul 
Published: April 2018

Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Dondong terletak di Kecamatan Nglipar, Kabupaten Gunungkidul, D.I. Yogyakarta. DAS Dondong terdiri dari beberapa Bentuk lahan dengan variasi bentuk penggunaan lahan. DAS ini mengalami ketimpangan penggunaan lahan yaitu adanya ketidaksesuaian antara penggunaan lahan dengan kemampuan lahan yang ada. Hal ini diperparah oleh ketersediaan air meteorologis yang kurang, sehingga memicu terjadinya kekeringan. Kekeringan dapat mempengaruhi aktivitas penduduk setempat yang sebagian besar bekerja di sektor pertanian, sehingga diperlukan adanya manajemen terhadap penggunaan lahan DAS Dondong. Manajemen lingkungan DAS yang dilakukan didasarkan pada satuan Bentuk lahan yang ada di dalam DAS. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Neraca Air Throntwaite dan Subjective Matching Factors terhadap kemampuan dan kesesuaian lahan. Berdasarkan hasil Neraca Air dengan curah hujan probabilitas 60%, DAS Dondong mengalami defisit air selama 11 bulan. Setelah dilakukan rekomendasi terhadap penggunan lahan yang disesuaikan dengan kemampuan dan kesesuaian lahan, maka ketersediaan air meteorologis dihitung kembali menggunakan Neraca Air. Neraca Air hasil rekomendasi penggunaan lahan menunjukan bahwa kekeringan yang terjadi dapat dikurangi. Hal ini menggambarkan adanya hubungan antara Bentuk lahan, penggunaan lahan, dan kekeringan di DAS Dondong.
Dondong watershed is located in Nglipar Sub-district, Gunungkidul District, D.I. Yogyakarta. Dondong watershed consist of several landforms with its land use variation. Unsuitable land use between actual land use and land capability is the major issue in this Watershed. This problem become more complicated because of the meteorological water availability is less than its use. Drought may affect the activity of the local population, mostly working in the agricultural sector. Thus, it is necessarily to manage the land use in this watershed. Land use management in watershed is based on landform analysis. The methods used in this research are Thronthwaite Water Balance and Subjective Matching Factors to land capability and suitability. Based on the results of water balance analysis with precipitation probability of 60%, Dondong watershed deficit for 11 months. This water balance is recalculated by the result of land use recommendation. The water deficit can be decreased trough this land use recommendation. This research shows the relation between landform, land use, and drought in Dondong Watershed.
Kajian Hubungan Konsentrasi Ammonia Dan Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Dalam Pengolahan Air Limbah Secara Anaerob
Authors: O Nur Indradewi , Purnobasuki Hery , Prasetyo K. Eko , Zulfikar P. Arya , Purnamasari Indah , Rosita Mega 
Published: April 2018

Amonia adalah inhibitor dari proses anaerobik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh konsentrasi ammonia terhadap penyisihan Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). Penelitian ini mengkaji air limbah sintetik dengan konsentrasi ammonia 2500 mg/l dan 5000 mg/l. Volume air limbah sintetik dalam reaktor anaerobic adalah 10 liter. Waktu operas ional reaktor adalah 16 hari. Pada air limbah dengan konsentrasi ammonia 2500 mg/l, di hari ke-0 nilai COD sebesar 3816,96 mg/l dan setelah hari ke-16 nilai COD turun menjadi 1023,97 mg/l. Pada air limbah dengan konsentrasi 5000 mg/l, di hari ke-0 nilai COD sebesar 3453,44 mg/l dan setelah hari ke-16 nilai COD turun menjadi 833,467 mg/l. Berdasarkan data tersebut, efisiensi penyisihkan COD pada konsentrasi 2500 mg/l adalah 73,17% dan pada kosentrasi 5000 mg/l adalah 75,86%
SERAPAN KARBON DIOKSIDA TUMBUHAN ULAYAT UNTUK RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU DI KOTA PALANGKA RAYA
Authors: Ludang Yetrie 
Published: April 2018

Perkembangan pembangunan dan perekonomian Kota Palangka Raya semakin pesat, berdampak negatif terhadap tutupan lahan bervegetasi, berkurangnya ketersediaan oksigen dan meningkatnya emisi gas CO2. Upaya untuk menekan dampak negatif tersebut salah satunya adalah memperbanyak RTH dengan pemilihan jenis tumbuhan yang tepat. Pemilihan jenis tumbuhan RTH dilihat dari sisi pengetahuan ilmiah sudah banyak dilakukan, sedangkan penelitian yang memadukan pengetahuan ilmiah dan ulayat belum banyak dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh bukti keilmuan mengenai jenis tumbuhan ulayat sebagai tumbuhan RTH terkait kemampuannya dalam menyerap CO2 dari atmosfir. Penentuan jenis tumbuhan ulayat dilakukan dengan metode wawancara langsung terhadap responden Suku Dayak asli. Pengukuran serapan CO2 tumbuhan menggunakan metode sungkup berukuran 50 cm x 50 cm x 30 cm. Analisis konsentrasi CO2 menggunakan Gas Cromatography. Serapan CO2 anakan tumbuhan diukur pada periode waktu pengukuran pukul 06.00, 09.00, 12.00 dan 15.00 WIB dengan interval waktu pengambilan gas CO2 pada menit ke 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 dan 30. Pengukuran berat kering, persen dan karbon organik tumbuhan ulayat menggunakan metode gravimetri. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian bahwa jenis tumbuhan yang memiliki nilai-nilai kesakralan/ ulayat bagi masyarakat Suku Dayak Kota Palangka Raya adalah Pinang Merah (Cyrtostachys lakka Becc.), Serai (Cymbopogon citratus) dan Kenanga (Canangium odoratum (Lamk.) Hook. dan Thorms. (Lat.)). Kemampuan serapan CO2 tumbuhan Pinang Merah sebesar 1,37 mg/m2/menit, Serai 1,35 mg/m2/menit dan Kenanga 1,22 mg/m2/menit. Tumbuhan ulayat dalam penelitian ini merupakan tumbuhan yang memiliki fungsi utama (intrinsik) dan fungsi tambahan (ekstrinsik) serta memiliki kemampuan serapan CO2 tinggi yang mampu menekan peningkatan gas CO2 di atmosfir.
Studi Optimasi IPAL Komunal Kota Malang dengan Pendekatan Model Stella
Authors: Maziya Fina Binazir 
Published: April 2018

Hasil analisa kandungan bahan organik berupa Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) dan Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) pada badan air Sungai Brantas sebesar 92 mg/L dan 192 mg/L yang menandakan adanya pencemaran pada badan air disekitar IPAL Komunal. Kinerja IPAL Komunal yang belum optimal merupakan salah satu penyebab tingginya kandungan organik. Faktor tersebut dapat dioptimalkan menggunakan model Stella terhadap efluen IPAL Komunal dengan data kualitas influen serta fraksi removal unit pengolahan. Konfigurasi unit yang paling optimal diantara seluruh konfigurasi unit IPAL di Kota Malang yaitu tangki septik dan Anaerobic Baffle Reactor (ABR) dengan media filter dan waktu tinggal 28 jam. Hasil simulasi model Stella IPAL memiliki efisiensi removal terhadap BOD dan COD 100%, serta TSS 99% dengan debit influen 0.83 liter/detik.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi dan Kecepatan Pengadukan terhadap Karakteristik Membran Komposit Chitosan
Authors: Damayanti Alia , Wahyuni Sri 
Published: April 2018

Filtrasi membran merupakan alternatif teknologi baru yang ramah lingkungan dalam mengatasi problematika limbah cair. Dalam penggunaannya, bahan baku serta proses pembuatan berperan penting dalam karakteristik dan permeabilitas membran. Chitosan (CS) adalah salah satu bahan yang paling banyak digunakan sebagai bahan membran karena memiliki kemampuan yang bagus dalam membentuk film. Namun, masih memiliki beberapa kekurangan karena rapuh dan hidroskopis, sehingga perlu dikombinasikan dengan bahan pendukung seperti Poly (vynil) Alcohol dan Poly (ethilene) Glikol. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis pengaruh konsentrasi penambahan Poly (vynil) Alcohol dan kecepatan pengadukan terhadap karakteristik dan permeabilitas membran. Membran chitosan-Poly (vynil) Alcohol dibuat dengan konsentrasi Poly (vynil) Alcohol sebesar 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% dan 70% (v/v). Analisa karakteristik membran dilakukan menggunakan uji tarik. Membran komposit chitosan diujikan pada reaktor cross flow. Pengujian pada reaktor dilakukan selama 50 menit dan permeate diambil setiap 10 menit. Dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan didapatkan kuat tarik pada saat putus meningkat dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi Poly (vynil) Alcohol,hingga konsentrasi 40% dan dengan peningkatan konsentrasi Poly (vynil) Alcohol lebih lanjut mengakibatkan penurunan pada kuat tarik membran. Kekuatan elastisitas membran pada kecepatan pengadukan 300 rpm lebih besar dibandingkan 100 rpm. Nilai fluks tertinggi didapatkan pada variasi konsentrasi membran 30%, kecepatan pengadukan 100 rpm yaitu sebesar 40,20 L/m2.jam. Berdasarkan tekanan operasi dan nilai fluks per satuan tekanan dapat disimpulkan bahwa membran komposit yang telah dibuat termasuk dalam membran ultrafiltrasi.
Investigation of the Visuals Associated with the National identity in Turkish Republic Revolution History and Kemalism Textbooks
Authors: Elban Mehmet 
Published: April 2018

<p style="text-align:justify">In this research, images related to national identity were examined in history textbooks. In the first stage, nationalism, the historical course of the Turkish national identity and related literature were examined, and some components of national identity were determined. Various categories related to national identity have been formed from the elements obtained. The data about the categories were collected through document analysis. In the second phase, 8 history textbooks taught in the years 1930-2014 were selected as samples. Content analysis was used in the examination of the mentioned textbooks, and quantitative method was chosen in data analysis. In this context, data obtained by document analysis were analyzed with SPSS 13 statistical program. Chi-square tests, Bonferroni corrections for chi-square tests and graphs were used in the analyzes. The significance level for all analyzes was taken as .05. In the research, it was determined that republic values and revolutions, national struggle and the images related to the founder leader Mustafa Kemal Atatürk be a most used in Turkish Republic Revolution History and Kemalism textbooks concerning national identity. In addition, it has been found that the images of national symbols such as homeland maps, flag, parliament, and capital are used too much for the national identity.</p>
Feminist methodologies for the study of digital worlds
Authors: Michailidou Martha 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This article discusses what may be fitting feminist methodological responses to the problems concomitant with the increasing digitization of social life. Two aspects of this digitization are identified as posing methodological problems demanding our attention. The first, a trend towards an ever-expanding digitally enabled globalization of processes of production and reproduction; the second, a trend towards ever more globalizing knowledge claims related to the rise of technologies of production, collection and analysis of Big Data. The article attempts to articulate a situated response to these challenges through the lense of feminist intersectional materialist epistemologies. It discusses the extended case study as a way of studying the complex interrelated process of production of the local through the global and collaborative action research as a means of capturing and analysing the practices of production, distribution of and engagement with Big Data.
Reproducing gender roles through virtual work: The case of senior management
Authors: Rafnsdóttir Guðbjörg Linda , Júlíusdóttir Ólöf 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The demand for long and inflexible working hours in leading positions in the economy is often seen as one of the primary hindrances for women entering leadership positions. The aim of the article is to analyse how virtual work affects the reconciliation of work and family life among senior managers in Iceland. The study is based on qualitative one-on-one interviews with managers in Icelandic companies. Our findings show that the work life of women and men in leadership positions intrudes into their domestic sphere in distinct ways. Virtual work in general improves work–life balance, as it enables managers to bring work home from the office and vice versa. Women are more likely than men to experience hurriedness when they integrate housework, caregiving and paid work with the help of information and communication technologies. Men, who seem to have more power over their own time than women, establish sharper boundaries between work, caregiving and the household. They take less responsibility for daily family care and other domestic work and are better able to relax and unwind while at home. Women are left with fewer options than men for where and when to work.
Comparison between leukocyte esterase activity and histopathological examination in identifying chorioamnionitis
Authors: Novianesari Putri Healthireza , Bernolian Nuswil , Maulani Henni , Ramadanti Afifa , Theodorus  
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Objective
To compare the sensitivity and specificity of leukocyte esterase activity (LEA) to histopathological examination in diagnosing chorioamnionitis.

Methods
We compared the diagnostic tests performed at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia, from September 2015 to April 2016. Ninety-one pregnant women were included in the study. The LEA and histopathological examination were carried out with neonatal sepsis the main outcome. Data were analyzed using the SPSS version 21.0 and MedCalc statistics.

Results
Chorioamnionitis was detected in 54 (77.1%) patients with a gestational age ≥37 weeks and in 16 (22.9%) patients with a gestational age <37 weeks. The duration of membrane rupture was significantly associated with chorioamnionitis (P = 0.001 and P = 0.011). Neonatal sepsis was also significantly associated with chorioamnionitis in both groups (P = 0.014 and P = 0.036). A LEA value with the cut-off point >0.5 was able to significantly predict chorioamnionitis with 98.6% sensitivity and 95.2% specificity, providing better accuracy in diagnosing chorioamnionitis in the preterm pregnancy group.

Conclusion
LEA had a very good predictive value for chorioamnionitis with better accuracy in diagnosing chorioamnionitis in preterm pregnancy.
Controllability of Fractional Evolution Inclusions with Noninstantaneous Impulses
Authors: Wang JinRong , Ibrahim A. G. , O’Regan D. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the controllability issue of fractional semilinear evolution inclusions with noninstantaneous impulses. Using weak sequentially closed graph operators, we establish sufficient conditions to guarantee controllability results. We do not assume that the semigroup is compact or we do not assume a compactness-type condition on the multivalued function. Finally, two examples are given to illustrate our theory.
Enemies, Lands, and Borders in Biblical Crossing Traditions
Authors: Russell Stephen C. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractI examine here the literary portrayal of enemies, lands, and borders in biblical texts depicting Israel crossing its own territory, the Reed Sea, and the Jordan River (Exodus 15:1b–18, Exodus 14, and Joshua 2–10, 14–20). These texts share a number of motifs, which I enumerate. I trace continuities and divergences in how these texts conceptualize enemies, lands and borders. I observe their depictions of the structural relationships between Israel’s enemies and their land, Israel’s deity and his land, and Israel and its land. I thus reconstruct the literary practice of territoriality—how scribes asserted a particular relationship between Israel and its land—in first millennium BCE Judah. In the context of other ancient Near Eastern societies explored in this volume, I highlight one striking feature of Joshua’s presentation of Israel’s territory: it is imagined as being acquired through the contingent processes of history rather than in the mythological time of origins.
Serum Levels of Asymmetric and Symmetric Dimethylarginine in Women with Vitamin D Deficiency and History of Pregnancy Loss – A Pilot Study
Authors: Damiati Samar 
Published: April 2018

Summary
Background: Vitamin D deficiency has been reported to be associated with pregnancy loss. Asymmetric dimethyl-L-arginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethyl-L-arginine (SDMA) are arginine analogues that have direct and indirect effects on nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and endothelial dysfunction. This study aimed to evaluate ADMA and SDMA levels among women with history of pregnancy loss compared to women without history of pregnancy loss and all participants were suffering from vitamin D deficiency.
Methods: To investigate the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and ADMA and SDMA, both groups of women were experiencing vitamin D deficiency. All women enrolled in this study had a vitamin D level below 75 nmol/L and were not pregnant. ADMA and SDMA levels were investigated in 28 women without a history of pregnancy loss and 19 women with a history of pregnancy loss.
Results: No statistically significant differences were found in ADMA and SDMA levels among the two groups. The correlation analysis showed that vitamin D deficiency was not significantly inversely correlated with ADMA and SDMA in women without a history of pregnancy loss, but was significantly correlated with SDMA in women with a history of pregnancy loss.
Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency, in women with or without a history of failed clinical pregnancies, has no effect on the circulating levels of ADMA and SDMA. Further studies are needed to investigate any possible link between these parameters.