bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radial Velocity and Chemical Composition of Evolved Stars in the Open Clusters NGC 6940 and Tombaugh 5
Authors: Baratella Martina , Carraro Giovanni , D’Orazi Valentina , Semenko Eugene A. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
We present and discuss medium resolution (R ∼ 13000), high signal-to-noise (

), spectroscopic observations in the field of the open clusters NGC 6940 and Tombaugh 5. Spectra were recorded for seven candidate red giant stars in both clusters. For the latter, we present the very first chemical abundance analysis. We derive radial velocities for all the stars in NGC 6940, confirming membership to the cluster for all of them, while on the same ground, we exclude two stars in To 5. We perform a chemical abundance analysis of different atomic species, in particular Fe i, Si i, Ca i, Ti i, and Ni i. The mean metallicity of NGC 6940 is [Fe/H] = +0.09 ± 0.06 dex, in good agreement with previous works, while for To 5 is [Fe/H] = +0.06 ± 0.11 dex. Therefore, both clusters exhibit a chemical composition close to the solar value and do not deviate from the [Fe/H] Galactic radial abundance gradient. With these new values, we estimate the fundamental cluster parameters, after having derived clusters’ distances from the Gaia DR2 database. By adopting these distances, we derive updated estimated for the clusters ages: 1.0 ± 0.1 Gyr of NGC 6940 and 0.25 ± 0.05 Gyr for Tombaugh 5.
Probing Oort Clouds around Milky Way Stars with CMB Surveys
Authors: Baxter Eric J. , Blake Cullen H. , Jain Bhuvnesh 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Long-period comets observed in our solar system are believed to originate from the Oort cloud, which is estimated to extend from roughly a few thousand to 105 au from the Sun. Despite many theoretical arguments for the existence of the Oort cloud, no direct observations of outer Oort cloud objects have been reported. Here, we explore the possibility of measuring Oort clouds around other stars through their emission at submillimeter wavelengths. Observations with the 545 and 857 GHz bands of the Planck satellite are well matched to the expected temperatures of Oort cloud bodies (on the order of 10 K). By correlating the Planck maps with catalogs of stars observed by the Gaia mission, we are able to constrain interesting regions of the exo-Oort cloud (EXOC) parameter space, placing limits on the total mass and the minimum size of grains in the cloud. We compare our measurements with known debris disk systems—in the case of Vega and Fomalhaut, we find a significant excess that is in agreement with measurements from Herschel. We use the measurements around Fomalhaut to constrain a possible EXOC of that system. We explore an observed excess around the brightest and nearest stars in our sample as arising from possible EXOCs or other extended sources of thermal emission. We argue that future CMB surveys and targeted observations with far-infrared and millimeter wavelength telescopes have the potential to detect EXOCs or other extended sources of thermal emission beyond ∼1000 au from the parent stars.
Kinematic Identification of Young Nearby Moving Groups from a Sample of Chromospherically Active Stars in the RAVE Catalog
Authors: Ramírez-Preciado Valeria G. , Román-Zúñiga Carlos G. , Aguilar Luis , Suárez Genaro , Downes Juan José 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The purpose of this study is the identification of young (1 < age < 100 Myr), nearby (d ≤ 100 pc) moving groups (YNMGs) through their kinematic signature. YNMGs could be the result of the recent dispersal of young embedded clusters, such that they still represent kinematically cold groups, carrying the residual motion of their parental cloud. Using the fact that a large number (∼14,000) of the RAVE sources with evidence of chromospheric activity also present signatures of stellar youth, we selected a sample of solar-type sources with the highest probability of chromospheric activity to look for common kinematics. We made use of radial velocity information from RAVE and astrometric parameters from GAIA DR2 to construct a 6D position–velocity vector catalog for our full sample. We developed a method based on the grouping of stars with similar orientation of their velocity vectors, which we call the Cone Method Sampling. Using this method, we detected 646 sources with high significance in the velocity space, with respect to the average orientation of artificial distributions made from a purely Gaussian velocity ellipsoid with null vertex deviation. We compared this sample of highly significant sources with a catalog of YNMGs reported in previous studies, which yield 75 confirmed members. From the remaining sample, about 50% of the sources have ages younger than 100 Myr, which indicate they are highly probable candidates to be new members of identified or even other YNMGs in the solar neighborhood.
The Widespread Presence of Nanometer-size Dust Grains in the Interstellar Medium of Galaxies
Authors: Xie Yanxia , Ho Luis C. , Li Aigen , Shangguan Jinyi 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Interstellar dust spans a wide range in size distribution, ranging from ultrasmall grains of a few Ångströms to micrometer-size grains. While the presence of nanometer-size dust grains in the Galactic interstellar medium was speculated six decades ago and was previously suggested based on early infrared observations, systematic and direct analysis of their properties over a wide range of environments has been lacking. Here we report the detection of nanometer-size dust grains that appear to be universally present in a wide variety of astronomical environments, from Galactic high-latitude clouds to nearby star-forming galaxies and galaxies with low levels of nuclear activity. The prevalence of such a grain population is revealed conclusively as prominent mid-infrared continuum emission at λ ≲ 10 μm seen in the Spitzer/Infrared Spectrograph data, characterized by temperatures of ∼300–400 K that are significantly higher than the equilibrium temperatures of common, submicron-size grains in typical galactic environments. We propose that the optimal carriers of this pervasive, featureless hot dust component are very small carbonaceous (e.g., graphite) grains of nanometer size that are transiently heated by single-photon absorption. This grain population accounts for ∼1.4% of the total infrared emission at ∼5–3000 μm and ∼0.4% of the total interstellar dust mass.
A Systematic Study of Hale and Anti-Hale Sunspot Physical Parameters
Authors: Li Jing 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
We present a systematic study of sunspot physical parameters using full-disk magnetograms from the Michelson Doppler Imager/Solar and Heliospheric Observatory and the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager/Solar Dynamic Observatory. Our aim is to use uniform data sets and analysis procedures to characterize the sunspots, paying particular attention to the differences and similarities between “Hale” and “anti-Hale” spots. Included are measurements of the magnetic tilt angles, areas, fluxes, and polarity pole separations for 4385 sunspot groups in Cycles 23 and 24 each measured, on average, at ∼66 epochs centered on meridian crossing. The sunspots are classified as either “Hale” or “anti-Hale,” depending on whether their polarities align or anti-align with Hale’s hemispheric polarity rule. We find that (1) the “anti-Hale” sunspots constitute a fraction (8.1 ± 0.4)% of all sunspots, and this fraction is the same in both hemispheres and cycles; (2) “Hale” sunspots obey Joy’s law in both hemispheres and cycles but “anti-Hale” sunspots do not—three equivalent forms of Joy’s law are derived:

γ = (0.39 ± 0.06) ϕ, and

, where γ is the tilt angle and ϕ is the heliospheric latitude; (3) the average Hale sunspot tilt angle is

and (4) the tilt angles, magnetic fluxes, and pole separations of sunspots are interrelated, with larger fluxes correlated with larger pole separations and smaller tilt angles. We present empirical relations between these quantities. Cycle 24 is a much weaker cycle than Cycle 23 in sunspot numbers, cumulative magnetic flux, and average sunspot magnetic flux. The “anti-Hale” sunspots are also much weaker than “Hale” sunspots in those parameters, but they share similar magnetic flux distributions and average latitudes. We characterize the two populations, and aim to shed light on the origin of “anti-Hale” sunspots.
Data on Inelastic Processes in Low-energy Calcium–Hydrogen Ionic Collisions
Authors: Belyaev Andrey K. , Voronov Yaroslav V. , Gadéa Florent Xavier 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The nonadiabatic nuclear dynamics for the 17 low-lying molecular states of the

collisional system is studied by the probabilistic version of the hopping probability current method based on the accurate ab initio adiabatic potentials. Inelastic Ca+ + H, Ca + H+, and Ca2+ + H− collisions are treated, and partial cross sections and rate coefficients for all transitions between the considered scattering channels are calculated for excitation, de-excitation, charge exchange, ion-pair formation, and neutralization processes. The cross sections and the rate coefficients for the 272 partial inelastic processes are computed. It is found that the reaction mechanism for the partial processes with high-valued rates is due to the long-range ionic–covalent interaction, while for some processes with moderate-valued rates it is due to short-range nonadiabatic regions. It is shown that the largest rate coefficients correspond to the neutralization and also charge exchange processes from the optimal window. The largest rate coefficient exceeds the value

. It is also found that some two-electron-transition charge exchange processes have rate coefficients as large as one-electron-transition processes. The processes with large and moderate values of rate coefficients are likely to be important for stellar spectra modeling.
AstroSat and Chandra View of the High Soft State of 4U 1630–47 (4U 1630–472): Evidence of the Disk Wind and a Rapidly Spinning Black Hole
Authors: Pahari Mayukh , Bhattacharyya Sudip , Rao A R , Bhattacharya Dipankar , Vadawale Santosh V , Dewangan Gulab C , McHardy I M , Gandhi Poshak , Corbel Stéphane , Schulz Norbert S , Altamirano Diego 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
We present the X-ray spectral and timing analysis of the transient black hole X-ray binary 4U 1630–47, observed with the AstroSat, Chandra, and MAXI space missions during its soft X-ray outburst in 2016. The outburst, from the rising phase until the peak, is detected neither in hard X-rays (15–50 keV) by the Swift/BAT nor in radio. Such nondetection, along with the source behavior in the hardness–intensity and color–color diagrams obtained using MAXI data, confirms that both Chandra and AstroSat observations were performed during the HS spectral state. The High Energy Grating (HEG) spectrum from the Chandra High-Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer shows two strong, moderately blueshifted absorption lines at

keV and

keV, which are produced by Fe xxv and Fe xxvi in a low-velocity ionized disk wind. The corresponding outflow velocity is determined to be 366 ± 56 km s−1. Separate spectral fits of Chandra/HEG, AstroSat/SXT+LAXPC, and Chandra/HEG+AstroSat/SXT+LAXPC data show that the broadband continuum can be well described with a relativistic disk blackbody model, with a disk flux fraction of ∼0.97. Based on the best-fit continuum spectral modeling of Chandra, AstroSat, and Chandra+AstroSat joint spectra and using the Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations, we constrain the spectral hardening factor at

and the dimensionless black hole spin parameter at 0.92 ± 0.04 within the 99.7% confidence interval. Our conclusion of a rapidly spinning black hole in 4U 1630–47 using the continuum spectrum method is in agreement with a previous finding applying the reflection spectral fitting method.
Perceived Effectiveness of an English-as-an-Additional-Language Nursing Student Support Program
Authors: Choi Liza Lai Shan 
Published: November 2018

Background:
English-as-an-Additional-Language (EAL) nursing students are more likely to experience academic challenges than nursing students whose primary language is English. To improve the learning environment for this disadvantaged group of students, a novel support group was established to address both academic and nonacademic issues faced by these students.

Method:
Using a hermeneutic analytic approach, the impact and perceived effectiveness of this support group are explored.

Results:
The deliberate design of this support group provided significant support for EAL nursing students in both the academic and non-academic realms.

Conclusion:

Participants perceived the formation of a holistic, curriculum-specific tailored support group as an effective tool for educating EAL nursing students. [
J Nurs Educ
. 2018;57(11):641–647.]
Virtual Interprofessional Learning
Authors: Fowler Terri , Phillips Shannon , Patel Sachin , Ruggiero Ken , Ragucci Kelly , Kern Donna , Stuart Gail 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Interprofessional education is a challenge given the current constraints of clinical education, which is bound by space, location, off-campus clinical rotations, and conflicting academic schedules. New approaches need to be developed if academic settings are to provide high-impact interprofessional education.

Method:
Virtual Interprofessional (VIP) Learning was developed as an innovative, online, asynchronous learning platform utilizing avatars that engages learners in interprofessional clinical learning opportunities across disciplines and settings. Teams of interprofessional students worked together to complete a real-life case scenario focused on patient quality and safety using root cause analysis and interprofessional communication.

Results:
Evaluation via focus groups, self-assessment survey, and a platform usability assessment found an increase in students' interprofessional knowledge, attitudes, and preference for virtual interprofessional experiences.

Conclusion:

VIP Learning is an innovative approach to advance interprofessional education from siloed, limited experiences to accessible and interactive opportunities that are not bound by time or place. [
J Nurs Educ
. 2018;57(11):668–674.]
Identifying Motivational Factors for Enrolling in a Doctor of Nursing Practice Program
Authors: Robb Meigan , Hunker Diane F. 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Students enter Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) programs for varying reasons. An understanding of motivational factors is needed so nurse educators can address upon program entry student engagement strategies to promote retention and success in completing a DNP program. This article presents the findings of a descriptive study that explored newly admitted students' motivational factors for pursing DNP education.

Method:
A 20-item online survey was distributed to newly admitted DNP students at a university in western Pennsylvania. The survey consisted of eight demographic questions and 12 statements that reflected six intrinsic and six extrinsic motivational factors.

Results:
Intrinsic motivational factors were reported as slightly more influential than extrinsic motivational factors. Relationships were found between length of employment, length of experience, length of time considering to enroll, and motivational factors.

Conclusion:

Cultivating intrinsic motivation upon program entry may positively influence engagement, retention, and successful program completion of DNP students'. [
J Nurs Educ
. 2018;57(11):680–683.]
Using Think Aloud in Health Assessment: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Verkuyl Margaret , Hughes Michelle , Fyfe Mary Clare 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Health assessment courses are foundational to prepare students in nursing baccalaureate programs for clinical practice. Nurse educators are interested in testing strategies to improve students' ability to perform physical assessment techniques.

Method:
A mixed-methods design was used to examine nursing students' experiences with the Think Aloud (TA) approach and its affect on their ability and perceived self-efficacy when performing physical assessment skills.

Results:
The participants in the TA intervention group made significant pre–post self-efficacy score gains and had higher focused physical examination marks. There was no significant difference in pre–post self-efficacy scores with the control group. A focus group yielded the following themes: benefits of TA, student challenges, and transferring physical assessment skills to practice.

Conclusion:

The TA approach encourages students to focus on the critical steps in physical assessment skills aiding memory, knowledge gains and preparation for practical testing, and transition to clinical practice. [
J Nurs Educ
. 2018;57(11):684–686.]
Mitochondrial Deacetylase SIRT3 Plays an Important Role in Donor T Cell Responses after Experimental Allogeneic Hematopoietic Transplantation
Authors: Toubai Tomomi , Tamaki Hiroya , Peltier Daniel C. , Rossi Corinne , Oravecz-Wilson Katherine , Liu Chen , Zajac Cynthia , Wu Julia , Sun Yaping , Fujiwara Hideaki , Henig Israel , Kim Stephanie , Lombard David B. , Reddy Pavan 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) through its graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effects is a curative therapy against many hematological malignancies. However, GVT is linked to harmful graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allo-HCT. Both GVT and GVHD require allogeneic T cell responses, which is an energetically costly process that causes oxidative stress. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), a mitochondrial histone deacetylase (HDAC), plays an important role in cellular processes through inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Nonmitochondrial class of HDACs regulate T cell responses, but the role of mitochondrial HDACs, specifically SIRT3, on donor T cell responses after allo-HCT remains unknown. In this study, we report that SIRT3-deficient (SIRT3−/−) donor T cells cause reduced GVHD severity in multiple clinically relevant murine models. The GVHD protective effect of allogeneic SIRT3−/− T cells was associated with a reduction in their activation, reduced CXCR3 expression, and no significant impact on cytokine secretion or cytotoxic functions. Intriguingly, the GVHD protective effect of SIRT3−/− T cells was associated with a reduction in ROS production, which is contrary to the effect of SIRT3 deficiency on ROS production in other cells/tissues and likely a consequence of their deficient activation. Notably, the reduction in GVHD in the gastrointestinal tract was not associated with a substantial reduction in the GVT effect. Collectively, these data reveal that SIRT3 activity promotes allogeneic donor T cell responses and ROS production without altering T cell cytokine or cytolytic functions and identify SIRT3 as a novel target on donor T cells to improve outcomes after allo-HCT.
T Regulatory Cell Subpopulations Associated with Recent Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure in a Skin Cancer Screening Cohort
Authors: Hesterberg Rebecca S. , Amorrortu Rossybelle P. , Zhao Yayi , Hampras Shalaka , Akuffo Afua A. , Fenske Neil , Cherpelis Basil , Balliu Juliana , Vijayan Laxmi , Epling-Burnette Pearlie K. , Rollison Dana E. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractUV radiation (UVR) causing DNA damage is a well-documented risk factor for nonmelanoma skin cancer. Although poorly understood, UVR may also indirectly contribute to carcinogenesis by promoting immune evasion. To our knowledge, we report the first epidemiological study designed to investigate the association between quantitative measures of UVR, obtained using a spectrophotometer, and circulating T regulatory (Treg) cells. In addition to total Treg cells, the proportion of functionally distinct Treg cell subsets defined by CD45RA and CD27 phenotypic markers, graded expression of FOXP3 and CD25, and those expressing cutaneous lymphocyte–associated Ag and the chemokine receptor CCR4 were enumerated in 350 individuals undergoing routine skin cancer screening exams and determined not to have prevalent skin cancer. No associations were identified for UVR exposure or the overall proportion of circulating Treg cells; however, Treg cell subpopulations with an activation-associated phenotype, CD45RA−/CD27−, and those expressing cutaneous homing receptors were significantly positively associated with UVR. These subpopulations of Treg cells also differed by age, sex, and race. After stratification by natural skin tone, and adjusting for age and sex, we found that spectrophotometer-based measures of UVR exposure, but not self-reported measures of past sun exposure, were positively correlated with the highest levels of these Treg cell subpopulations, particularly among lighter-skinned individuals. Findings from this large epidemiologic study highlight the diversity of human Treg cell subpopulations associated with UVR, thus raising questions about the specific coordinated expression of CD45RA, CD27, CCR4, and cutaneous lymphocyte–associated Ag on Treg cells and the possibility that UVR contributes to nonmelanoma skin cancer carcinogenesis through Treg cell–mediated immune evasion.
Sport, politique, constructions identitaires en Guyane
Authors: Collomb Gérard 
Published: November 2018

En quelques années, ledjokan(un art martial que son inventeur présente comme « une fusion des arts guerriers et des pratiques traditionnelles amérindiennes, businenge et créoles ») a acquis en Guyane une grande lisibilité dans les médias mais aussi dans le champ politique, alors même qu’il peine à recruter des pratiquants et que son développement comme sport demeure encore très incertain. Cette situation interroge la manière avec laquelle le champ des pratiques martiales se développe, est mis en forme et structuré dans les pays occidentaux, mais elle est aussi l’occasion de porter un éclairage indirect sur les logiques traversant la société guyanaise. Il faut pour cela prendre en compte la manière avec laquelle le discours dont ledjokanest porteur est en quelque sorte entré en résonnance avec les attentes, parfois les inquiétudes, d’une société qui tente de repenser un « vivre-ensemble » dans une Guyane en mutation.