bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher order Turán inequalities for the partition function
Authors: Chen William , Jia Dennis , Wang Larry 
Published: October 2018

The Turán inequalities and the higher order Turán inequalities arise in the study of the Maclaurin coefficients of real entire functions in the Laguerre–Pólya class. A sequence

{

a

n

}

n
≥
0

\{a_{n}\}_{n\geq 0}

of real numbers is said to satisfy the Turán inequalities or to be log-concave if for

n
≥
1

n\geq 1

,

a
n
2

−

a

n
−
1

a

n
+
1

≥
0

a_n^2-a_{n-1}a_{n+1}\geq 0

. It is said to satisfy the higher order Turán inequalities if for

n
≥
1

n\geq 1

,

4
(

a

n

2

−

a

n
−
1

a

n
+
1

)
(

a

n
+
1

2

−

a

n

a

n
+
2

)
−
(

a

n

a

n
+
1

−

a

n
−
1

a

n
+
2

)
2

≥
0

4(a_{n}^2-a_{n-1}a_{n+1})(a_{n+1}^2-a_{n}a_{n+2})-(a_{n}a_{n+1}-a_{n-1}a_{n+2})^2\geq 0

. For the partition function

p
(
n
)

p(n)

, DeSalvo and Pak showed that for

n
>
25

n>25

, the sequence

{
p
(
n
)

}

n
>
25

\{ p(n)\}_{n> 25}

is log-concave, that is,

p
(
n

)
2

−
p
(
n
−
1
)
p
(
n
+
1
)
>
0

p(n)^2-p(n-1)p(n+1)>0

for

n
>
25

n> 25

. It was conjectured by the first author that

p
(
n
)

p(n)

satisfies the higher order Turán inequalities for

n
≥
95

n\geq 95

. In this paper, we prove this conjecture by using the Hardy–Ramanujan–Rademacher formula to derive an upper bound and a lower bound for

p
(
n
+
1
)
p
(
n
−
1
)

/

p
(
n

)
2

p(n+1)p(n-1)/p(n)^2

. Consequently, for

n
≥
95

n\geq 95

, the Jensen polynomials

p
(
n
−
1
)
+
3
p
(
n
)
x
+
3
p
(
n
+
1
)

x
2

+
p
(
n
+
2
)

x
3

p(n-1)+3p(n)x+3p(n+1)x^2+p(n+2)x^3

have only distinct real zeros. We conjecture that for any positive integer

m
≥
4

m\geq 4

there exists an integer

N
(
m
)

N(m)

such that for

n
≥
N
(
m
)

n\geq N(m)

, the Jensen polynomial associated with the sequence

(
p
(
n
)
,
p
(
n
+
1
)
,
…
,
p
(
n
+
m
)
)

(p(n),p(n+1),\ldots ,p(n+m))

has only real zeros. This conjecture was posed independently by Ono.
Expected volumes of Gaussian polytopes, external angles, and multiple order statistics
Authors: Kabluchko Zakhar , Zaporozhets Dmitry 
Published: October 2018

Let

X
1

X_1

, …,

X
n

X_n

be a standard normal sample in

R

d

\mathbb {R}^d

. We compute exactly the expected volume of the Gaussian polytope

conv
⁡
[

X
1

,
…
,

X
n

]

\operatorname {conv} [X_1,\ldots ,X_n]

, the symmetric Gaussian polytope

conv
⁡
[
±

X
1

,
…
,
±

X
n

]

\operatorname {conv} [\pm X_1,\ldots ,\pm X_n]

, and the Gaussian zonotope

[
0
,

X
1

]
+
⋯
+
[
0
,

X
n

]

[0,X_1]+\cdots +[0,X_n]

by exploiting their connection to the regular simplex, the regular cross-polytope, and the cube with the aid of Tsirelson’s formula. The expected volumes of these random polytopes are given by essentially the same expressions as the intrinsic volumes and external angles of the regular polytopes. For all of these quantities, we obtain asymptotic formulae which are more precise than the results which were known before. More generally, we determine the expected volumes of some heteroscedastic random polytopes including

conv
⁡
[

l
1

X
1

,
…
,

l
n

X
n

]

\operatorname {conv}[l_1X_1,\ldots ,l_nX_n]

and

conv
⁡
[
±

l
1

X
1

,
…
,
±

l
n

X
n

]

\operatorname {conv} [\pm l_1 X_1,\ldots , \pm l_n X_n]

, where

l
1

l_1

, …,

l
n

≥
0

l_n\geq 0

are parameters, and the intrinsic volumes of the corresponding deterministic polytopes. Finally, we relate the

k
k

th intrinsic volume of the regular simplex

Δ

n
−
1

\Delta ^{n-1}

to the expected maximum of independent standard Gaussian random variables

ξ
1

\xi _1

, …,

ξ
n

\xi _n

given that the maximum has multiplicity

k
k

. Namely, we show that
\[

V
k

(

Δ

n
−
1

)
=

(
2
π

)

k
2

k
!

⋅

lim

ε
↓
0

ε

1
−
k

E

[
max
{

ξ
1

,
…
,

ξ
n

}

1

{

ξ

(
n
)

−

ξ

(
n
−
k
+
1
)

≤
ε
}

]
,

V_k(\Delta ^{n-1}) = \frac {(2\pi )^{\frac k2}} {k!} \cdot \lim _{\varepsilon \downarrow 0} \varepsilon ^{1-k} \mathbb {E} [\max \{\xi _1,\ldots ,\xi _n\} \mathbb {1}_{\{\xi _{(n)} - \xi _{(n-k+1)}\leq \varepsilon \}}],

\]
where

ξ

(
1
)

≤
⋯
≤

ξ

(
n
)

\xi _{(1)} \leq \cdots \leq \xi _{(n)}

denote the order statistics. A similar result holds for the cross-polytope if we replace

ξ
1

\xi _1

, …,

ξ
n

\xi _n

with their absolute values.
Isometries for the modulus metric are quasiconformal mappings
Authors: Betsakos Dimitrios , Pouliasis Stamatis 
Published: October 2018

For a domain

D
D

in

R

¯

n

\bar {\mathbb R}^n

, the modulus metric is defined by

μ
D

(
x
,
y
)
=

inf
γ

cap

(
D
,
γ
)

\mu _D(x,y)=\inf _\gamma \textrm {cap}(D,\gamma )

, where the infimum is taken over all curves

γ
\gamma

in

D
D

joining

x
x

to

y
y

, and “cap" denotes the conformal capacity of the condensers. It has been conjectured by J. Ferrand, G. J. Martin, and M. Vuorinen that isometries in the modulus metric are conformal mappings. We prove the conjecture when

n
=
2

n=2

. In higher dimensions, we prove that isometries are quasiconformal mappings.
Between-Race Differences in Processes Predicting Physician Communication for African American and European American Recipients of Breast Density Notifications
Authors: Manning Mark , Albrecht Terrance L , Penner Louis , Purrington Kristen 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundBreast density notification laws mandate reporting of dense breast to applicable women. The same psychological and systemic barriers that yield between-race differences in mammography use will probably yield between-race differences in women’s psychological and behavioral responses to breast density notifications.PurposeWe used the theory of planned behavior as a framework to examine between-race differences in the likelihood of following-up with physicians after receiving breast density notifications and to examine differences in African American and Caucasian American women’s behavioral decision-making processes.MethodsA subset of 212 African American and Caucasian American women who participated in an initial and follow-up survey examining responses to breast density notifications were examined for this study. Participants reported background and demographic measures, psychological responses to receiving notifications, and planned behavior measures related to following up with physicians approximately 2 weeks after receiving their mammogram reports. Participants self-reported their behaviors 3 months later.ResultsThere were no between-race differences in self-reported physician communication; however, there were differences in processes that predicted behavior. For Caucasian American women, behavioral intentions, education, and income predicted behaviors. Instead of intentions, group-based medical suspicion, confusion, breast cancer worry, and breast density anxiety predicted behaviors for African American women.ConclusionsBehavioral decision-making processes for Caucasian American women were in line with well-validated theoretical predictions. For African American women, race-related medical suspicion, prior breast density awareness, and emotional responses to breast density notifications predicted behavior. The results highlight the need to focus on racially distinct psychological targets when designing interventions to support guideline concordant behavioral decisions among women who receive breast density notifications.
The Usefulness of Reintegration Support: The Dual Perspectives of Returnees and Caseworkers
Authors: Lietaert Ine 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMany European countries have developed assisted voluntary return and reintegration (AVRR) programmes to support the return and reintegration of migrants who do not have a legal residence permit. There is substantial involvement of social-care professionals in the implementation of these programmes. However, the contested nature of AVRR programmes has limited an in-depth understanding of the exact nature of reintegration support and the ways it affects migrants’ lives after return. Through exploring the usefulness of AVRR support from the perspectives of those receiving it and experienced caseworkers providing it in the context of the Belgian AVRR return programme to Armenia and Georgia, this article contributes to a better understanding of the possibilities and constraints of reintegration support. Based on interviews with seventy-nine returnees during the initial two years after their return, interviews with the caseworkers and observations of day-to-day interactions between both parties, four different understandings of the ‘usefulness’ of reintegration support are delineated: reintegration support (i) as central and necessary financial support; (ii) as insufficient, decontextualised and deceptive support; (iii) as selective support; and lastly (iv) as humane and negotiated support. These understandings then evoke reflections on the implications for those stakeholders developing or implementing AVRR support programmes.
Loneliness and Risk of Dementia
Authors: Sutin Angelina R , Stephan Yannick , Luchetti Martina , Terracciano Antonio 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Objective
The present study tests whether loneliness is associated with risk of dementia in the largest sample to date and further examines whether the association is independent of social isolation, a related but independent component of social integration, and whether it varies by demographic factors and genetic vulnerability.

Method
Participants from the Health and Retirement Study (N = 12,030) reported on their loneliness, social isolation, and had information on clinical, behavioral, and genetic risk factors. Cognitive status was assessed at baseline and every 2 years over a 10-year follow-up with the modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICSm). A TICSm score of 6 or less was indicative of dementia.

Results
Cox proportional hazards regression indicated that loneliness was associated with a 40% increased risk of dementia. This association held controlling for social isolation, and clinical, behavioral, and genetic risk factors. The association was similar across gender, race, ethnicity, education, and genetic risk.

Discussion
Loneliness is associated with increased risk of dementia. It is one modifiable factor that can be intervened on to reduce dementia risk.
Description of the Services, Activities, and Interventions Within School-Based Physical Therapist Practices Across the United States
Authors: Jeffries Lynn M , McCoy Sarah Westcott , Effgen Susan K , Chiarello Lisa A , Villasante Tezanos Alejandro G 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Students with disabilities receive school-based physical therapy services under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004. Little research exists regarding therapy services in schools.

Objective
This study explored the school-based services that students received and the activities and interventions that physical therapists implemented, and determined if services differed based on the student's functional gross motor ability and age.

Design
This was a prospective observational cohort study using a practice-based evidence design.

Methods
Data were collected by 109 physical therapists for 296 students, aged 5 to 12 years, receiving school-based physical therapy. Physical therapists completed the School-Physical Therapy Interventions for Pediatrics data form for 20 weeks during 1 school year. This evaluation included the type of service delivery, the amount of time spent on each student (consultation/documentation), minutes spent in activities, the specific interventions implemented, and the student's level of participation. The Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) was used to describe the students' functional ability.

Results
Physical therapists provided an average of 26.7 min/wk (standard deviation [SD] = 15.1) of direct services and 13.1 min/wk (SD = 7.7) of services on behalf of the student. Primary activities were physical education/recreation (7.7 min/wk, SD = 8.2), mobility (6.7 min/wk, SD = 7.9), and sitting/standing/transitions (6.3 min/wk, SD = 8.1). Primary interventions were neuromuscular (32.5 counts per student, SD = 15.9), mobility (15.3 counts per student, SD = 14.65), and musculoskeletal (14.4 counts per student, SD = 10.3). Differences existed based on GMFCS but not student age.

Limitations
Physical therapists reported School-Physical Therapy Interventions for Pediatrics data weekly, not necessarily after each therapy session. The GMFCS was used as a proxy of students’ functional gross motor ability.

Conclusions
Our description of services is provided to encourage physical therapists to reflect on the services they provide and to foster future examinations of service effectiveness.
Brief report of a tablet-delivered psychosocial intervention for men with advanced prostate cancer: Acceptability and efficacy by race
Authors: Bouchard Laura C , Yanez Betina , Dahn Jason R , Flury Sarah C , Perry Kent T , Mohr David C , Penedo Frank J 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRelative to non-Hispanic whites (NHW), black men are disproportionately affected by prostate cancer (PC) incidence, have poorer PC outcomes, and report greater compromises in health-related quality of life. Despite these challenges, black men are underrepresented in psychosocial cancer research, possibly due to limited access to supportive oncology programs. The purpose of this article is to examine the acceptability and efficacy for reducing disease-specific distress of a tablet-delivered psychosocial intervention for older men with advanced PC (APC) and explore differences by race. Men with APC (N = 192, 37.5% black, age M = 68.84 years) were randomized to 10-week Cognitive Behavioral Stress Management (CBSM) or attention-control Health Promotion (HP), both delivered via tablets. Assessments occurred at baseline in person, weekly during the 10-week program via tablets, and at 6 and 12 months in person. Weekly session evaluations and postprogram exit surveys assessed acceptability. Efficacy was assessed with a measure of PC-anxiety validated with racially diverse PC patients using linear mixed effects modeling. Study retention and group attendance did not differ by race. CBSM and HP were both acceptable among older APC patients. Black men rated both conditions more favorably than NHW men. Men in CBSM (vs. HP) reported greater reductions in PC-anxiety at 6 months (not sustained at 12 months). Black men in CBSM reported greater decreases in PC-anxiety over time compared with all other groups. Tablet-delivered CBSM and HP were acceptable for black and NHW APC patients, although black men rated both conditions more favorably. Black men reported a unique intervention benefit related to reduced disease-specific distress.
Association of Physical Activity and Screen Time with Psychiatric Distress in Children and Adolescents: CASPIAN-IV Study
Authors: Taheri Ehsaneh , Heshmat Ramin , Esmaeil Motlagh Mohammad , Ardalan Gelayol , Asayesh Hamid , Qorbani Mostafa , Kelishadi Roya 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundThere are limited studies about the association of physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST) with psychiatric distress (PD) among children and adolescents including Iranian populations.ObjectiveWe aimed to examine the independent and combined associations of PA and ST with PD among children and adolescents.MethodThis school-based nationwide survey was carried out among 14 880 students (50.8% boys and 75.6% urban inhabitants), of age 6–18 years by cluster and the stratified multistage sampling method from 30 provinces of Iran. The students and their parents completed two sets of questionnaires obtained from Global School Health Survey with several questions about the PD. The time spent on watching TV/video and computer games and PA were assessed by self-administered validated questionnaires.ResultsThe study had a participation rate of 90.6%. Of the studied students, 45.85%, 83.62%, 37.81% and 23.92% had depression, anger, insomnia and worthlessness, respectively. The prevalence of confusion, anxiety and worry was reported in 19.6%, 55.17% and 75.31% of the students, respectively. The combined effect of PA and that of ST showed that students with high PA and low ST had the lowest prevalence of PD, while the highest prevalence of these PD was observed among students with low PA combined with high ST (p < 0.05 for all).ConclusionsIncreasing PA and reducing ST should both be considered for improving the mental health status of children and adolescents.
Dissecting Comorbidity between Parkinson's Disease and Melanoma in a Cell Culture Model
Authors: Bose Anindita , Dele‐Oni Deborah , Petsko Gregory 
Published: October 2018

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a fatal, common, neurodegenerative disorder that affects up to 10 million people worldwide, and lacks disease altering treatment or prevention. It is the second most common neurodegenerative disease globally and is characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons initially in the substantia nigra. Epidemiological studies have shown that patients with PD have a higher risk of developing melanoma but a lower risk of developing other cancers. According to published reports, the co‐occurrence of melanoma and PD and vice versa is much higher than expected with an odds ratio up to 6 fold. Interestingly, the risk factors of developing PD increase with a family history of melanoma, lighter skin and hair color. Patients who have a first degree relative with either disease also have an increased risk to develop the other disease. The aim of this project was to study the mechanism of association between PD and melanoma. Melanoma cells (SK‐MEL2) that overexpress wild‐type a‐synuclein (the CNS‐specific protein known to aggregate in the brains of Parkinson's patients) and mutant a‐synuclein (A53T, a point mutation that causes autosomal dominant, inherited Parkinson's disease) were used as a model. Menandione was used to induce oxidative stress in the cells, and expression of a‐synuclein and melanin in these cells by Western Blotting. Immunochemistry was utilized to identify co‐localization of a‐synuclein and melanin in the Golgi and melanosomes. This indicates there are potentially common signaling pathway that could explain the comorbidity between the diseases. In addition, we also report the presence of cytoplasmic a‐synuclein and melanin in the cells, implying a possible common secretion pathways for the two proteins. Our observation of localized a‐synuclein in the lysosomes, ensures future areas of potential importance in the interaction and mechanism of lysosomes and a‐synuclein dissection. Additional testing with other cancer cell lines needs to be carried out to ensure that this observed pattern is seen only in melanoma.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Frequency of Submicroscopic Chromosomal Aberrations in Pregnancies Without Increased Risk for Structural Chromosomal Aberrations: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Srebniak M. I. , Joosten M. , Knapen M. F. C. M. , Arends L. R. , Polak M. , Van Veen S. , Go A. T. J. I. , Van Opstal D. 
Published: October 2018

(Abstracted from Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2018;51:445–452)
Chromosomal microarray is currently recommended for women with fetal structural anomalies. However, questions remain as to whether such testing is justifiable in pregnancies without increased risk for unbalanced structural chromosomal aberrations.
Placenta Accreta Spectrum
Authors: Silver Robert M. , Ware Branch D. 
Published: October 2018

(Abstracted from N Engl J Med 2018;378:1529–1536)
Placenta accreta spectrum refers to abnormal adherence of the placental trophoblast to the uterine myometrium. There are 3 definitions within this spectrum: placental accreta (placental attachment to myometrium without intervening decidua), placenta increta (invasion of the trophoblast into the myometrium), and placenta percreta (invasion of the trophoblast through the myometrium, serosa, and into surrounding tissue).
Association of Implementing a Multidisciplinary Team Approach in the Management of Morbidly Adherent Placenta With Maternal Morbidity and Mortality
Authors: Bartels Helena C. , Rogers Ailin C. , O’Brien Donal , McVey Ruaidhri , Walsh Jennifer , Brennan Donal J. 
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVE:
To compare maternal outcomes in patients with morbidly adherent placenta managed in a multidisciplinary team setting compared with standard care.

DATA SOURCES:
A literature search was performed for publications reporting multidisciplinary pathways in the management of cesarean delivery for patients with morbidly adherent placenta. EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, PubMed Central, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane databases were searched.

METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION:
Databases were searched for studies reporting maternal morbidity of patients with morbidly adherent placenta managed by a multidisciplinary team in a specialist center compared with standard care. Two independent reviewers applied inclusion and exclusion criteria to select included articles, with differences agreed by consensus. A total of 252 citations were reviewed; six studies comprising 461 patients were selected for the analysis.

TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS:
Literature search was performed using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results were reported as mean differences or pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs. Estimated blood loss was significantly reduced in the multidisciplinary team group (mean difference −1.1 L, 95% CI −1.9 to −0.4, P=.004) and these patients had lower transfusion requirements (mean difference −2.7 units, 95% CI −4.1 to −1.2, P=.040). Those treated in a standard care setting were more likely to develop complications (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.5–4.0, P<.001); however, there was no difference in length of stay between the two groups.

CONCLUSION:
This meta-analysis highlights the improved maternal outcomes in patients with morbidly adherent placenta when managed by a multidisciplinary team in a specialist center. High-risk complex cases warrant expert management in centralized units.