bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeted inhibition of CD74 attenuates adipose COX-2-MIF-mediated M1 macrophage polarization and retards obesity-related adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance
Authors: Chan Pei-Chi , Wu Ting-Ni , Chen Ying-Chuan , Lu Chieh-Hua , Wabitsch Martin , Tian Yu-Feng , Hsieh Po-Shiuan 
Published: May 2018

Adipose tissue (AT) inflammation is crucial to the development of obesity-associated insulin resistance. Our aim was to investigate the contribution of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)/macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)-mediated cross-talk between hypertrophic adipocytes and macrophages to the etiology of AT inflammation and the involvement of CD74 using human SGBS adipocytes, THP-1 macrophages and mice fed a high-fat (HF) diet. The MIF and CD74 mRNA levels in the adipocytes and stromal vascular cells (SVCs) of white fat were highly correlated with body weight (BW), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and adipose macrophage marker expression levels, especially those in SVCs. COX-2 inhibition suppressed the elevation of MIF production in HF white adipocytes as well as palmitate and hypoxic-treated SGBS adipocytes. Treatment of adipocytes transfected with shCOX-2 and siMIF or subjected to MIF depletion in the medium reversed the pro-inflammatory responses in co-incubated THP-1 cells. Inhibition of NF-κB activation reversed the COX2-dependent MIF secretion from treated adipocytes. The targeted inhibition of macrophage CD74 prevented M1 macrophage polarization in the above co-culture model. The COX-2-dependent increases in CD74 gene expression and MIF release in M1-polarized macrophages facilitated the expression of COX-2 and MIF in co-cultured SGBS adipocytes. CD74 shRNA intravenous injection suppressed HF-induced AT M1 macrophage polarization and inflammation as well as insulin resistance in mice. The present study suggested that COX-2-mediated MIF secretion through NF-κB activation from hypertrophic and hypoxic adipocytes as well as M1 macrophages might substantially contribute to the phenotypic switch of AT macrophages through CD74 in obesity. Inhibition of CD74 could attenuate AT inflammation and insulin resistance in the development of HF diet-induced obesity.
Comparison of SiC MOSFET‐based and GaN HEMT‐based high‐efficiency high‐power‐density 7.2 kW EV battery chargers
Authors: Taylor Allan , Lu Juncheng , Zhu Liyan , Bai Kevin (Hua) , McAmmond Matt , Brown Alan 
Published: May 2018

As two exemplary candidates of wide‐bandgap devices, SiC MOSFETs and GaN HEMTs are regarded as successors of Si devices in medium‐to‐high‐voltage (>1200 V) and low‐voltage (<650 V) domains, respectively, thanks to their excellent switching performance and thermal capability. With the introduction of 650 V SiC MOSFETs and GaN HEMTs, the two technologies are in direct competition in <650 V domains, such as Level 2 battery chargers for electric vehicles (EVs). This study applies 650 V SiC and GaN to two 240 VAC/7.2 kW EV battery chargers, respectively, aiming to provide a head‐to‐head comparison of these two devices in terms of overall efficiency, power density, thermal performance, and cost. The charger essentially is an indirect matrix converter with a dual‐active‐bridge stage handling the power factor correction and power delivery simultaneously. These two chargers utilise the same control strategy, varying the phase‐shift and switching frequency to cover the wide input range (80–260 VAC) and wide output range (200 V–450 VDC). Experimental results indicated that at the same efficiency level, the GaN charger is smaller, more efficient and cheaper, while the SiC charger has a better thermal performance.
Minimum resonant capacitor design of high‐power LLC resonant converter for comprehensive efficiency improvement in battery charging application
Authors: Zhao Zhenxing , Xu Qianming , Dai Yuxing , Luo An 
Published: May 2018

Here, a minimum resonant capacitor design approach is proposed for the insulated‐gate bipolar transistor (IGBT)‐based high‐power LLC resonant converter to improve its comprehensive efficiency in the electric vehicle (EV) battery charging application. The mathematical model of LLC resonant converter is established by using the first harmonic approximation (FHA) method. Then, the switching losses of IGBT‐based high‐power LLC resonant converter are analysed. Also, the relationship between predominant turn‐off losses and turn‐off current of power device IGBT is derived. To improve the comprehensive efficiency, the minimum resonant capacitor is proposed to reduce the turn‐off losses, avoiding complex control or auxiliary circuit. Finally, the proposed approach is verified by a 2 kW LLC resonant converter prototype with 690 V DC input voltage and 75–150 V DC output voltage. Experimental results show the comprehensive efficiency of the prototype is up to 93.7%.
Study on electromagnetic energy transducer in ambient vibration
Authors: Choi Won‐Kyu , Kim Hye Jin , Park Chan‐Won , Lee Bomson 
Published: May 2018

This study documents the design of an electromagnetic energy transducer, which is used to convert ambient vibration into electrical energy. The response of the designed energy transducer is theoretically and experimentally analysed using a simple equivalent circuit model and magnetic field simulator in low‐acceleration environments. For an electromagnetic energy transducer in ambient vibration, an approximate analytical expression is derived for the extracted power across a load. The energy transducer consists of four magnets (NdFeB, N35), two I‐shaped magnetic cores, two U‐shaped cores made of soft ferrite material, and a coil for induced voltage. The two U‐shaped magnetic cores are surrounded by a coil with an approximate 3000 turn. The energy transducer is theoretically modelled using the commercial tool, COMSOL, and is experimentally validated through electrical measurements. The relation between the acceleration of vibration and the maximum average power that can be extracted at the optimal load was also studied. The size of the electromagnetic energy transducer is 43 × 37 × 80 mm3. The energy transducer has a maximum average power of 3.24 mW at a frequency of 28 Hz and an acceleration of 0.4g, and has a maximum average power of 3.83 mW at a frequency of 31 Hz and an acceleration of 0.5g.
One‐step synthesis of amino‐functionalised magnetic mesoporous silica and synergistic adsorption kinetics of tetracycline and copper
Authors: Zhang Mancheng , Wang Wei , Zhu Zengyin , Qu Changsheng , Zhou Qing , Wang Shui , Ding Liang 
Published: May 2018

An amino‐functionalised magnetic mesoporous silica was prepared through one‐step copolymerisation method. Morphology, characteristic‐group composition, microscopic morphology and specific surface area of the magnetic mesoporous silicas were analysed by scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope and nitrogen adsorption–desorption. The prepared magnetic silica MS‐1 had the characteristics of micron‐sized particle size, exceptional long‐range ordered pore structure, and as high as 114.6 m2/g in specific surface area. The adsorption kinetics of tetracycline (TC) and Cu(II) onto magnetic mesoporous silicas in sole and binary system were also investigated. MS‐1 could adsorb both of TC and Cu(II) with adsorption capacities of 35.14 and 23.65 mg/g, respectively, which were enhanced in binary systems about 26.5 and 19.7%, respectively. The solution pH significantly affected the adsorption because of the pH‐responsive speciation of TC, TC–Cu(II) complex and the amine groups on adsorbent. This work proposed a potential effective method for the synergistic adsorption of antibiotics and heavy metals from aquatic environment.
Dynamo cycles in global convection simulations of solar-like stars
Authors: Warnecke J. 
Published: May 2018

Context. Several solar-like stars exhibit cyclic magnetic activity similar to the Sun as found in photospheric and chromospheric emission.Aims. We seek to understand the physical mechanism involved in rotational dependence of these activity cycle periods.Methods. We used three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamical simulations of global convective dynamos models of solar-like stars to investigate the rotational dependency of dynamos. We further applied the test-field method to determine theαeffect in these simulations.Results. We find dynamos with clear oscillating mean magnetic fields for moderately and rapidly rotating runs. For slower rotation, the field is constant or exhibit irregular cycles. In the moderately and rapidly rotating regime the cycle periods increase weakly with rotation. This behavior can be well explained with a Parker–Yoshimura dynamo wave traveling equatorward. Even though theαeffect becomes stronger for increasing rotation, the shear decreases more steeply, causing this weak dependence on rotation. Similar to other numerical studies, we find no indication of activity branches that have been postulated in former observational studies. However, our simulations seem to agree more with the transitional branch suggested by more recent observational studies. If the Sun exhibited a dynamo wave similar to that which we find in our simulations, it would operate deep inside the convection zone.
Analytic model of comet ionosphere chemistry
Authors: Vigren Erik 
Published: May 2018

Context. We consider a weakly to moderately active comet and make the following simplifying assumptions: (i) The partial ionization frequencies are constant throughout the considered part of the coma. (ii) All species move radially outward with the same constant speed. (iii) Ion-neutral reactions affect the chemical composition of the ions, but ion removal through dissociative recombination with free electrons is negligible.
Aims. We aim to derive an analytical model for the radial variation of the abundances of various cometary ions.
Methods. We present two methods for retrieving the ion composition as a function of r. The first method, which has previously been used frequently, solves a series of coupled differential equations. The new method introduced here is based on probabilistic arguments and is analytical in nature.
Results. For a pure H2O coma, the resulting closed-form expressions yield results that are identical to the standard method, but are computationally much less expensive.
Conclusions. In addition to the computational simplicity, the analytical model provides insight into how the various abundances depend on parameters such as comet production rate, outflow speed, and reaction rate coefficients. It can also be used to investigate limiting cases. It cannot easily be extended to account for a radially varying flow speed or dissociative recombination in the way a code based on numerical integrations can.
V1094 Scorpii: A rare giant multi-ringed disk around a T Tauri star
Authors: van Terwisga S. E. , van Dishoeck E. F. , Ansdell M. , van der Marel N. , Testi L. , Williams J. P. , Facchini S. , Tazzari M. , Hogerheijde M. R. , Trapman L. , Manara C. F. , Miotello A. , Maud L. T. , Harsono D. 
Published: May 2018

Context. A wide variety of ring-like dust structures have been detected in protoplanetary disks, but their origin and frequency are still unclear.
Aims. We aim to characterize the structure of an extended, multi-ringed disk discovered serendipitously in the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Lupus disk survey and put it in the context of the Lupus disk population.
Methods. ALMA observations in Band 6 at 234 GHz and Band 7 at 328 GHz at 0.3″ resolution toward the K6 star V1094 Sco in Lupus III are presented, and its disk structure analyzed. The spectral index αmm is determined in the inner 150 AU of the disk.
Results. The ALMA continuum data show a very extended disk with two gap-ring pairs. The gaps are located at 100 AU and 170 AU, the bright rings at 130 AU and 220 AU. Continuum emission is detected out to a 300 AU distance, similar to IM Lup but a factor of five larger than typically found for Lupus disks at this sensitivity and resolution. The bright central region of the disk (within 35 AU) is possibly optically thick at 1 mm wavelengths, and has a brightness temperature of only 13 K. The spectral index increases between the inner disk and the first ring at the location of the first gap.
Conclusions. Due to the low temperature of the disk midplane, snow lines can be excluded as the drivers behind the ring and gap formation in this disk. Disks the size of V1094 Sco are rare, and only 2.1 ± 1.5% of disks in Lupus show continuum emission beyond 200 AU. Possible connections between the large primordial disk population, transition disks, and exoplanets are discussed.
A new method to compute limb-darkening coefficients for stellar atmosphere models with spherical symmetry: the space missions TESS, Kepler, CoRoT, and MOST
Authors: Claret Antonio 
Published: May 2018

Aims. One of the biggest problems we can encounter while dealing with the limb-darkening coefficients for stellar atmospheric models with spherical symmetry is the difficulty of adjusting both the limb and the central parts simultaneously. In particular, the regions near the drop-offs are not well reproduced for most models, depending on Teff, log g, or wavelength. Even if the law with four terms is used, these disagreements still persist. Here we introduce a new method that considerably improves the description of both the limb and the central parts and that will allow users to test models of stellar atmospheres with spherical symmetry more accurately in environments such as exoplanetary transits, eclipsing binaries, etc.
Methods. The method introduced here is simple. Instead of considering all the μ points in the adjustment, as is traditional, we consider only the points until the drop-off (μcri) of each model. From this point, we impose a condition I(μ)/I(1) = 0. All calculations were performed by adopting the least-squares method.
Results. The resulting coefficients using this new method reproduce the intensity distribution of the PHOENIX spherical models (COND and DRIFT) quite well for the photometric systems of the space missions TESS, Kepler, CoRoT, and MOST. The calculations cover the following ranges of local gravity and effective temperatures: 2.5 ≤ log g ≤ 6.0 and 1500 K ≤ Teff ≤ 12 000 K. The new spherical coefficients can easily be adapted to the most commonly used light curve synthesis codes.
NGC 3105: a young open cluster with low metallicity
Authors: Alonso-Santiago J. , Marco A. , Negueruela I. , Tabernero H. M. , Castro N. , McBride V. A. , Rajoelimanana A. F. 
Published: May 2018

Context. NGC 3105 is a young open cluster hosting blue, yellow, and red supergiants. This rare combination makes it an excellent laboratory for constraining evolutionary models of high-mass stars. It has been poorly studied, and the fundamental parameters such as its age or distance are not well defined.Aims. We intend to characterise in an accurate way the cluster and its evolved stars, for which we derive for the first time atmospheric parameters and chemical abundances.Methods. We performed a complete analysis combiningUBVRphotometry with spectroscopy. We obtained spectra with classification purposes for 14 blue stars and high-resolution spectroscopy for an in-depth analysis of the six other evolved stars.Results. We identify 126 B-type likely members within a radius of 2.7 ± 0.6 arcmin, which implies an initial mass,Mcl≈ 4100M⊙. We find a distance of 7.2 ± 0.7 kpc for NGC 3105, placing it atRGC= 10.0 ± 1.2 kpc. Isochrone fitting supports an age of 28 ± 6 Ma, implying masses around 9.5M⊙for the supergiants. A high fraction of Be stars (≈25%) is found at the top of the main sequence down to spectral type b3. From the spectral analysis we estimate for the cluster an averageνrad= +46.9 ± 0.9 km s−1and a low metallicity, [Fe/H] = −0.29 ± 0.22. We also have determined, for the first time, chemical abundances for Li, O, Na, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, Ni, Rb, Y, and Ba for the evolved stars. The chemical composition of the cluster is consistent with that of the Galactic thin disc. An overabundance of Ba is found, supporting the enhanceds-process.Conclusions. NGC 3105 has a low metallicity for its Galactocentric distance, comparable to typical LMC stars. It is a valuable spiral tracer in a very distant region of the Carina–Sagittarius spiral arm, a poorly known part of the Galaxy. As one of the few Galactic clusters containing blue, yellow, and red supergiants, it is massive enough to serve as a test bed for theoretical evolutionary models close to the boundary between intermediate- and high-mass stars.
Lasertherapie in der Augenheilkunde – ein Update
Authors: Schaub Friederike , Enders Philip , Fauser Sascha 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungDie retinale Photokoagulation stellt auch heute eine Therapieoption bei zahlreichen Netzhauterkrankungen dar. Dieser Beitrag soll die Frage klären, wann heute noch gelasert wird, und den Lesern einen Überblick über die typischen Indikationen und Therapiekonzepte der retinalen Photokoagulation geben sowie aktuelle Entwicklungen und Empfehlungen zusammenfassen.
Anti-inflammatory Effects of Cardamonin in Ovarian Cancer Cells Are Mediated via mTOR Suppression
Authors: Chen Huajiao , Shi Daohua , Niu Peiguang , Zhu Yanting , Zhou Jintuo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCardamonin exhibits a variety of pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory and antitumor, which are correlated with the inhibition of nuclear factor-kappaB and the mammalian target of rapamycin, respectively. However, whether the anti-inflammatory effects of cardamonin are mediated by the mammalian target of rapamycin remains unknown. In this study, ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells were cultured with lipopolysaccharide to induce inflammation, and the inhibitory effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of cardamonin were investigated using specific inhibitors of the mammalian target of rapamycin and the nuclear factor-kappaB pathway (rapamycin and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, respectively). Our results indicated that cardamonin inhibited the viability of normal and lipopolysaccharide-pretreated SKOV3 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. In accordance with rapamycin, the activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin and its downstream target, ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1, was inhibited by cardamonin, while pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate substantially blocked nuclear factor-kappaB activation and mildly inhibited the phosphorylation of the mammalian target of rapamycin and ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1. Pretreated with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, the effect of cardamonin on the mammalian target of rapamycin signalling was not affected, but the expression of inflammatory factors was further reduced. In cells pretreated with rapamycin, the inhibitory effects of cardamonin were completely suppressed with regards to the phosphorylation of the mammalian target of rapamycin, ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1, TNF-α, and interleukin-6, and nuclear factor-kappaB p65 protein expression was decreased. In conclusion, our findings indicate that the anti-inflammatory effects of cardamonin are correlated with mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition.
Custom-made Stent Grafts for the Treatment of Pseudoaneurysms after Childhood Coarctation Surgery
Authors: Hornung Andreas , Hofbeck Michael , Schlensak Christian , Lescan Mario 
Published: May 2018

Background Post-coarctation of the aorta (CoA) pseudoaneurysms is a complication of open repair. Thoracic endovascular repair (TEVAR) is feasible but complicated by proximity to the supra-aortic trunks and severe arch angulation.
Methods We describe three cases of post-CoA pseudoaneurysms treated with custom-made Relay stent grafts (Vascutek, Scotland).
Results Technical and clinical success was achieved in all three cases with no mortality, morbidity, endoleaks, or complications. In all three, pseudoaneurysm sac shrinkage was observed at the follow-ups; in one case, there was complete resolution.
Conclusion Redo open surgery is challenging because of adhesions of the thoracic cavity and associated morbidity and mortality. TEVAR is less invasive and offers fewer complications. Custom-made modifications overcome difficult anatomies including short landing zones and diameter variability.
Summary of the ISEV workshop on extracellular vesicles as disease biomarkers, held in Birmingham, UK, during December 2017
Authors: Clayton Aled , Buschmann Dominik , Byrd J. Brian , Carter David R. F. , Cheng Lesley , Compton Carolyn , Daaboul George , Devitt Andrew , Falcon‐Perez Juan Manuel , Gardiner Chris , Gustafson Dakota , Harrison Paul , Helmbrecht Clemens , Hendrix An , Hill Andrew , Hoffman Andrew , Jones Jennifer C. , Kalluri Raghu , Kang Ji Yoon , Kirchner Benedikt , Lässer Cecilia , Lawson Charlotte , Lenassi Metka , Levin Carina , Llorente Alicia , Martens‐Uzunova Elena S. , Möller Andreas , Musante Luca , Ochiya Takahiro , Pink Ryan C , Tahara Hidetoshi , Wauben Marca H. M. , Webber Jason P. , Welsh Joshua A. , Witwer Kenneth W. , Yin Hang , Nieuwland Rienk 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTThis report summarises the presentations and activities of the ISEV Workshop on extracellular vesicle biomarkers held in Birmingham, UK during December 2017. Among the key messages was broad agreement about the importance of biospecimen science. Much greater attention needs to be paid towards the provenance of collected samples. The workshop also highlighted clear gaps in our knowledge about pre‐analytical factors that alter extracellular vesicles (EVs). The future utility of certified standards for credentialing of instruments and software, to analyse EV and for tracking the influence of isolation steps on the structure and content of EVs were also discussed. Several example studies were presented, demonstrating the potential utility for EVs in disease diagnosis, prognosis, longitudinal serial testing and stratification of patients. The conclusion of the workshop was that more effort focused on pre‐analytical issues and benchmarking of isolation methods is needed to strengthen collaborations and advance more effective biomarkers.
Clinical Pharmacology in Adult and Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Hemperly Amy , Sandborn William J , Vande Casteele Niels 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This review describes the clinical pharmacology of the major drugs used for the treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Pharmacokinetics, drug metabolism, mechanism of action, efficacy, and safety profile are discussed. Some small molecules were developed to act systemically (eg, ozanimod) or locally (eg, aminosalicylates) and thus have disparate pharmacokinetic properties. In addition, locally acting compounds have been optimized to mitigate systemic exposure—eg, budesonide, which undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism—thereby reducing systemic bioavailability and side effects. Other small molecules such as thiopurines are precursors of their active metabolites and differences in genotype or phenotype of metabolizing enzymes may affect efficacy and safety, requiring therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). Monoclonal antibodies (MAs) are large molecules administered parenterally, and their pharmacokinetics may be influenced not only by the general immunoglobulin (Ig) G metabolism and recycling pathways but also by antigen properties such as antigen distribution and antigen concentration. In addition, antibody structure, host factors, concurrent medications, and immunogenicity may contribute to the substantial inter- and intrapatient variability in drug exposure and response observed for MAs. Current guidelines recommend reactive TDM of tumor necrosis factor antagonists at the time of loss of response. Evidence for proactive TDM and for the role of TDM for biologics with a different mechanism of action is emerging. Although small molecules offer potential benefits over biologics with oral administration and lack of immunogenicity, there may be risk for more systemic side effects due to off-target binding. Understanding drug metabolism, pharmacokinetic characteristics, and mechanism of action are important in selecting the right drug at the right time at the right dose for patients with IBD.
10.1093/ibd/izy189_video1 izy189.video1 5786062223001