bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arteriovenous Fistula Development After Nonoperative Treatment of a Clavicular Fracture
Authors: Conant Scott H. , Hickerson Lindsay E. 
Published: August 2018

Case:
We report a case of prominent venous dilation in the supraclavicular area with an underlying arteriovenous fistula following nonoperative management of a fracture in the medial third of the clavicle in an adult. The venous dilation indicated elevated venous pressures, likely caused by hypertrophic callus formation and/or fistula development.

Conclusion:
Arteriovenous fistula and prominent venous dilation are possible sequelae of nonoperative treatment of clavicular fractures. Surgeons should be aware of their possibility when planning either operative or nonoperative treatment. More information is needed to guide management of these issues when they occur.
Team Approach: Multimodal Perioperative Pain Management in Upper-Extremity Surgery
Authors: Stewart Thomas M. , Pulos Nicholas , Curry Timothy B. , Gazelka Halena M. , Brown Michael J. , Shin Alexander Y. 
Published: August 2018

* Rates of opioid use and abuse continue to rise in the United States, as do opioid-related deaths. Many patients who misuse opioids receive their first exposure in the perioperative setting.* Postoperative opioid use reduction in patients who have undergone an upper-extremity procedure can be difficult secondary to the often-painful nature of orthopaedic procedures. Postoperative pain can prevent timely discharge from hospitals and is a major cause for emergency medicine visits following outpatient upper-extremity surgical procedures.* Utilization of a multidisciplinary, multimodal, home-going continuous peripheral nerve block catheter protocol may be able to comfortably allow patients to recover in an outpatient setting after an upper-extremity surgical procedure, with a diminished opioid requirement.
Recent Advances in the Machine Learning-Based Drug-Target Interaction Prediction
Authors: Zhang Wen , Lin Weiran , Zhang Ding , Wang Siman , Shi Jingwen , Niu Yanqing 
Published: August 2018

Background:The identification of drug-target interactions is a crucial issue in drug discovery. In recent years, researchers have made great efforts on the drug-target interaction predictions, and developed databases, software and computational methods.Results:In the paper, we review the recent advances in machine learning-based drug-target interaction prediction. First, we briefly introduce the datasets and data, and summarize features for drugs and targets which can be extracted from different data. Since drug-drug similarity and target-target similarity are important for many machine learning prediction models, we introduce how to calculate similarities based on data or features. Different machine learningbased drug-target interaction prediction methods can be proposed by using different features or information. Thus, we summarize, analyze and compare different machine learning-based prediction methods.Conclusion:This study provides the guide to the development of computational methods for the drug-target interaction prediction.
Surgical Clips in Breast-conserving Surgery: Do they Represent the Tumour Bed Accurately?
Authors: Demircioglu Ozlem , Aribal Erkin , Uluer Meral , Ozgen Zerrin , Demircioglu Fatih 
Published: August 2018

Introduction:
Radiotherapy after Breast-Conserving Surgery (BCS) is a standard treatment
for breast cancer. Currently, surgical clips are used to determine the tumour bed before radiotherapy
planning. This study aimed to evaluate the migration of these clips on mammograms.

Methods:
The study was conducted on 121 females who were treated with radiotherapy after BCS
at their first radiologic control examination 6 months after the end of treatment. MLO and CC
views of all cases were evaluated regarding the clips. The distance between the surgical scar centre
and the centre of the area covered by the clips was measured on both MLO and CC projections and
recorded separately. This distance was determined as the clip displacement. A displacement ≤10
mm was recorded as no displacement.

Results:
The clips were out of the images and were not evaluated in 45 cases (37.2%) on CC and in
9 cases (7.4%) on MLO projections. There were no clip displacements in 37 (30.6%) cases on CC
and in 43 (35.5%) cases on MLO views. The amount of displacement ranged from 11 to 56 mm
with a mean of 24.38 mm on CC views, while on MLO projections, displacement ranged from 11
to 66 mm with a mean of 24.42 mm.

Conclusion:
A clip displacement of greater than 10 mm was found in 64.5% of cases on MLO
views. Therefore, we believe that the reliability of these clips for accurate delineation of the tumour
bed in radiotherapy planning is controversial and other methods must be added.
Bioactivity and Functionality of Anthocyanins: A Review
Authors: Dini Cecilia , Zaro Maria J. , Viña Sonia Z. 
Published: August 2018

:Anthocyanins are flavonoid compounds imparting pink, red, blue, and purple colors to fruits, flowers, leaves, and some underground organs. These pigments play an important role in pollination and fruit and seed dispersal and they are related to the protection of plant tissues exposed to biotic and/or abiotic stress. Their consumption has been linked to diverse health benefits such as anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic properties, diminution of cardiovascular disease incidence, obesity control, and diabetes mitigation effects. Also, in vitro studies have revealed certain potential cancer chemopreventive activities of anthocyanins. Reactive oxygen species scavenging as well as metal chelating and direct binding to proteins have been associated with anthocyanin health effects. Recent studies have indicated that these compounds can modulate decisive signaling pathways and gene regulation. Their action contributes to vascular homeostasis and to angiogenesis, inflammation, and platelet aggregation control. Likewise, anthocyanins have been associated with the prevention of a peroxynitrite-mediated disorder in endothelial cells. The potential use of anthocyanins as colorants in food has been extensively analyzed since they are the main hydrosoluble plant pigments. However, their instability and the influence of concentration, pH, temperature, and the presence of other compounds (phenolic acids, metals) on color properties can limit anthocyanin use as food ingredients and additives. Encapsulation has been proposed as an alternative to reduce food-processing damage and to deliver these compounds to their target site in the human body. Likewise, chemical lipophilization of anthocyanins has been assayed to obtain modified compounds with higher lipophilicity, more suitable for lipid-rich matrices.
The Antioxidant Potential of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.) Extracts Through Different Extraction Methods
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad J. , Butt Masood S. , Sohail Muhammad , Suleria Hafiz A.R. 
Published: August 2018

Background:
Herbal foods possess significant amounts of essential bioactive nutrients and
offer clinical and therapeutic benefits. The aim of present research was to compare the antioxidant potential
of black cumin extracts obtained using different extraction modes.

Materials and Methods:
Three solvents (methanol, acetone and hexane) were employed at different
time intervals and ratios. However, Supercritical Fluid Extracts (SFE) were obtained at varying pressures
(5500, 6500 and 7500 psi).

Results:
Outcomes revealed that total phenolics were maximum in methanolic extract (790.79±31.67
mg GAE/100 g) at 50 min. Similarly, DPPH and FRAP activity of methanolic extract was also better
than other extracts as 80.99±4.02% and 27.44±0.88 mg TE/g, respectively. HPLC quantification exhibited
that highest recovery of major bioactive component (thymoquinone) was obtained via supercritical
extraction (12.38 mg/g) at 7500 psi.

Conclusions:
It is concluded that Pakistani variety of black cumin possess appreciable antioxidant activity
which directly depends upon the extraction conditions. Among conventional solvents, methanol
was evidenced to be more efficient. However, supercritical fluid extracts have proved a reliable mean
for the extraction of thymoquinone.
Extensive Phytochemistry, Comprehensive Traditional Uses, and Critical Pharmacological Profile of the Great Mullein: Verbascum thapsus L
Authors: Dar Mohd A. , Bhat Mohammad F. , Hassan Reyaz , Masoodi Mubashir H. , Mir Showkat R. , Mohiuddin Roohi 
Published: August 2018

Background:Great Mullein; Verbascum thapsus has been traditionally used as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, spasmolytic, astringent, diuretic, emollient, expectorant piles, bruises and frostbites in Greece, Western United States, Rome, India, Turkey, Italy, and Pakistan.Objective:The aim of the present review is to summarize ethnopharmacology and past/recent studies on phytochemistry, plant profile, botany and pharmacological profile of V. thapsus. The review also updates related information regarding the potential therapeutic targets and new metabolites isolated from V. thapsus.Methods:All the information was supplied by the library database and electronic search (Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, ResearchGate, etc.). In addition, all the synonyms of V. thapsus were searched in Non-English journals and English/Non-English- MS and PhD thesis databases (e.g., CKNI-China, JAIRO-Japan, Shodhganga-India, Myto-Malaysia, etc.). Thorough literature survey on V. thapsus revealed compounds like glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, and terpenoids that have previously been reported and new compounds under these chemical classes and other classes have also been reported.Conclusion:Based on the literature survey, many of these isolated compounds or different extracts of V. thapsus possess a wide range of biological activity including but not limited to, antioxidant, wound-healing, antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, cytotoxic, antihyperlipidemic, anti-germination, hepatoprotective and nephroprotective activity.
Al-Au Heterogeneous Dimer-trimer Nanostructure for SERS
Authors: Katyal Jyoti 
Published: August 2018

Background:
Tunability in resonance wavelength and the enhancement of the electromagnetic field intensities
around the surface are two unique properties which make metal as a plasmonic material. A theoretical
investigation on the LSPR and field enhancement for heterogeneous dimer–trimer metallic nanostructure by
constituting Al and Au as two different plamsonic materials has been studied. Since electrons in Al exhibit
free behavior for LSPR of Au, therefore, they influence the electric field magnitude generated by Au LSPR.

Methods:
The electromagnetic simulations reported in this paper were performed using the FDTD Solutions
(version 7.5.1), a product of Lumerical Solutions Inc., Vancouver, Canada. We adopted a cubic Yee cell of 1
nm side and a time step Δt= 1.31•10-18 s, bounded by Courant condition.

Results:
The extinction spectrum shows LSPR peak over UV-visible region for isotropic nanostructure
which shifts to NIR region for anisotropic shape nanostructure. The spherical shape hetero dimer nanostructure
shows enhancement factor ~ 3.9 X 105 whereas it increases to ~ 6.2 X 106 for anisotropic shape at 610
nm. The field distribution corresponding to the trimer nanostructure reveals a large dipolar field distribution
on each of the three nanoparticles, oscillating approximately in-phase. The spherical shape Al-Au-Al shows
enhancement factor ~ 8.5 X 106 at 571 nm. The anisotropic shape increase the enhancement factor to ~ 2.4 X
107 at peak wavelength 700 nm i.e. tuning the plasmon wavelength towards NIR region.

Conclusion:
The tunability in plasmon wavelength and field enhancement factor has been evaluated for heterogeneous
nanostructure over wider spectrum range i.e. DUV-Visible-NIR using Au-Al dimer and trimer
nanostructure. The isotropic shape Au-Al hetero nanostructure shows larger enhancement in the UV-visible
region, whereas the anisotropic shape nanostructure contributes towards the NIR region.
Ética en la investigación en educación médica: consideraciones y retos actuales
Authors: Lara Gutiérrez Yazmín Alejandra , Pompa Mansilla Maura 
Published: August 2018

La investigación se lleva a cabo con el fin de descubrir nueva información de carácter científico que colabore en ampliar el conocimiento en beneficio de la sociedad. De ahí que exista una preocupación importante con respecto a las consideraciones éticas en las investigaciones. En este caso nos enfocaremos primordialmente en la investigación en educación médica. La discusión sobre ética e investigación se inició en el ámbito de la investigación biomédica después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial como respuesta a una profunda crisis de legitimidad del quehacer científico. A su vez existieron diversos estudios que involucraron como sujetos a seres humanos que tuvieron como consecuencia la creación de declaraciones internacionales y regulaciones en diversos países para proteger a los sujetos participantes en dichas investigaciones. En este artículo abordaremos las consideraciones éticas que deben tenerse en cuenta al desarrollar una investigación vinculada a la educación médica, sus antecedentes y ejemplos de algunos estudios que ponen de relieve algunos de los retos que se enfrentan actualmente.
Beyond Firm-Level Determinants: The Effect of M&A Features on the Extent of M&A Disclosure
Authors: Florio Cristina , Lionzo Andrea , Corbella Silvano 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
Although the accounting literature demonstrates country- and firm-related factors drive disclosure in financial statements, whether transaction-specific features also affect the extent of disclosure is still unclear. In this paper, we examine such issues by investigating the association between the disclosures offered in mergers and acquisitions (M&A) and multiple determinants incidental to the M&A itself. Referring to the unique Italian setting, which shows high discretion and potential sensitivity toward disclosure, we document that acquirers increase disclosure for larger M&A and reduce disclosure for increasing M&A materiality and extreme amounts of goodwill recognized on the transaction. By disentangling mandatory and voluntary disclosure, empirical evidence shows that the latter is sensitive to more M&A-specific features than the former. Additional analyses and robustness tests support our main findings. The study contributes to the accounting literature by highlighting the importance to include transaction-specific features when modeling for transaction-related disclosure, and has practical implications for investors, standard setters, and regulators.
JEL Classifications: M40; M41.
Auditor Rotation and Perceived Competence and Independence: The Effect of Fees and Industry Specialization
Authors: Kamath Roger , Huang Ting-Chiao , Moroney Robyn A. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
Regulators and practitioners argue the relative merits of firm and partner rotation, while researchers report mixed results on the consequences of rotation. This study uses an experiment to examine the effect of an upcoming rotation on perceptions of auditor competence and independence and finds that participants appear to be indifferent to whether rotation is at the firm or partner level; they only react to concurrent changes in audit fees and the industry specialization status of the new auditor. Specifically, participants assess auditor competence and independence (specifically attention to detail, effort, and skeptical attitude) to be higher when fees increase rather than decrease significantly at the time of a rotation, and they assess auditor competence to be higher when rotation is to an industry specialist rather than a nonindustry specialist. These findings hold regardless of whether rotation is at the firm or partner level.
JEL Classifications: M42.
Data Availability: Data and the tasks used in this study are available on request.
Time to Treatment Intensification After Monotherapy Failure and Its Association With Subsequent Glycemic Control Among 93,515 Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Desai Urvi , Kirson Noam Y. , Kim Jennifer , Khunti Kamlesh , King Sarah , Trieschman Erich , Hellstern Michael , Hunt Phillip R. , Mukherjee Jayanti 
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVE
The goal of this study was to evaluate the association between the timing of treatment intensification and subsequent glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes in whom monotherapy fails.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This retrospective analysis of the U.K. Clinical Practice Research Datalink database focused on patients with type 2 diabetes and one or more HbA1c measurements ≥7% (≥53 mmol/mol) after ≥3 months of metformin or sulfonylurea monotherapy (first measurement meeting these criteria was taken as the study index date). Baseline (6 months before the index date) characteristics were stratified by time from the index date to intensification (early: &lt;12 months; intermediate: 12 to &lt;24 months; late: 24 to &lt;36 months). Intensification was defined as initiating after the index date one or more noninsulin antidiabetes medication in addition to metformin or a sulfonylurea. Association between time to intensification and subsequent glycemic control (first HbA1c &lt;7% [&lt;53 mmol/mol] after intensification) was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analyses and Cox proportional hazard models that accounted for baseline differences.

RESULTS
Of the 93,515 patients who met the study criteria (mean age 60 years; ∼59% male; 80% taking metformin), 23,761 (25%) intensified &lt;12 months after the index date; 11,908 (13%) intensified after 12 to &lt;24 months; and 7,146 (8%) intensified after 24 to &lt;36 months. Patients who intensified treatment ≥36 months after the index date (n = 9,638 [10%]) and those with no evidence of treatment intensification during the observable follow-up period (n = 41,062 [44%]) were not included in further analyses. The median times from intensification to control were 20.0, 24.1, and 25.7 months, respectively, for the early, intermediate, and late intensification cohorts. After adjustment for baseline differences, the likelihood of attaining glycemic control was 22% and 28% lower for patients in the intermediate and late intensification groups, respectively, compared with those intensifying early (P &lt; 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS
Earlier treatment intensification is associated with shorter time to subsequent glycemic control, independent of whether patients initiate first-line treatment with metformin or a sulfonylurea.
Executive Function Predicting Longitudinal Change in Type 1 Diabetes Management During the Transition to Emerging Adulthood
Authors: Berg Cynthia A. , Wiebe Deborah J. , Suchy Yana , Turner Sara L. , Butner Jonathan , Munion Ascher , Lansing Amy Hughes , White Perrin C. , Murray Mary 
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to examine 1) whether teens’ glycemic control and adherence to type 1 diabetes treatment regimen worsen during the transition from late adolescence to emerging adulthood, and 2) whether teens’ executive function (EF), as measured by performance and self-reported problems with EF, is predictive of these changes (after controlling for general intelligence).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
High school seniors with type 1 diabetes (N = 236; mean age 17.74 years) were assessed at three yearly time points. At baseline, during the senior year of high school, participants completed a self-report measure of problems with EF and performance-based measures of EF and general intelligence (IQ). Glycemic control was determined on the basis of results collected from HbA1c assay kits, and teens reported their adherence at all three time points.

RESULTS
HbA1c increased significantly across the three time points and adherence declined. EF performance was not associated with adherence or HbA1c at baseline, nor with changes in adherence over time. However, better EF performance predicted slower increases in HbA1c over time (i.e., slope) while controlling for IQ. Teens’ self-reported problems with EF were associated with worse glycemic control and poorer adherence at baseline (i.e., intercept), but they did not predict changes in either HbA1c or adherence over time (i.e., slope).

CONCLUSIONS
Abilities involved in performance on EF tests may be one resource for maintaining better glycemic control during the transition to emerging adulthood. Assessment of such EF abilities may allow for the identification of individuals who are most at risk for deterioration of glycemic control during this transition.
Trends and Disparities in Cardiovascular Mortality Among U.S. Adults With and Without Self-Reported Diabetes, 1988–2015
Authors: Cheng Yiling J. , Imperatore Giuseppina , Geiss Linda S. , Saydah Sharon H. , Albright Ann L. , Ali Mohammed K. , Gregg Edward W. 
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVE
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality has declined substantially in the U.S. The aims of this study were to examine trends and demographic disparities in mortality due to CVD and CVD subtypes among adults with and without self-reported diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We used the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) (1985–2014) with mortality follow-up data through the end of 2015 to estimate nationally representative trends and disparities in major CVD, ischemic heart disease (IHD), stroke, heart failure, and arrhythmia mortality among adults ≥20 years of age by diabetes status.

RESULTS
Over a mean follow-up period of 11.8 years from 1988 to 2015 of 677,051 adults, there were significant decreases in major CVD death (all P values &lt;0.05) in adults with and without diabetes except adults 20–54 years of age. Among adults with diabetes, 10-year relative changes in mortality were significant for major CVD (−32.7% [95% CI −37.2, −27.9]), IHD (−40.3% [−44.7, −35.6]), and stroke (−29.2% [−40.0, −16.5]), but not heart failure (−0.5% [−20.7, 24.7]), and arrhythmia (−12.0% [−29.4, 77.5]); the absolute decrease of major CVD among adults with diabetes was higher than among adults without diabetes (P &lt; 0.001). Men with diabetes had larger decreases in CVD death than women with diabetes (P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Major CVD mortality in adults with diabetes has declined, especially in men. Large reductions were observed for IHD and stroke mortality, although heart failure and arrhythmia deaths did not change. All race and education groups benefitted to a similar degree, but significant gaps remained across groups.
Penerapan Teknik 5R untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Menyimak Mahasiswa Prodi PGSD FKIP UST
Authors: Praheto Biya Ebi , Sayekti Octavian Muning 
Published: August 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan keterampilan menyimak melalui penerapan teknik 5R pada mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar Universitas Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang terdiri atas empat tahap yaitu: perencanaan, tindakan, pengamatan, dan refleksi.Penelitian ini dilakukan di Prodi PGSD FKIP UST Yogyakarta. Subjek penelitian tindakan ini adalah mahasiswa semester 2 yang menempuh mata kuliah KBIL di Prodi PGSD FKIP UST tahun ajaran 2017/2018. Teknik pengumpulan data terdiri dari observasi, angket, wawancara atau diskusi, kajian dokumen, dan tes. Selanjutnya, untuk pemeriksaan validitas data digunakan triangulasi dan review informasi kunci. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik deskripsi komparatif untuk membandingkan hasil antar siklus. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu menunjukkan mahasiswa yang tidak tuntas pada prasiklus sebanyak 30 mahasiswa atau sebesar 65,22%, siklus I 41,31% atau 19 mahasiswa dan pada siklus II 10,87% atau 5 mahasiswa. Di sisi lain, terjadi peningkatan ketuntasan belajar yaitu pada prasiklus 34,78% atau 16 mahasiswa, meningkat menjadi 58,69% atau 27 mahasiswa pada siklus I dan 89,13% atau 41 mahasiswa pada siklus II. Sedangkan nilai rata-rata pada prasiklus hanya mencapai rata-rata 64,13 dan mengalami peningkatan menjadi 73,67 pada siklus I serta menjadi 83 pada siklus II.