bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spinal Tap in Early Diagnosis of Tuberculous Meningitis
Authors: Salma Haji  
Published: September 2019

Background: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is difficult to diagnose in early stages due to nonspecific symptoms. There should be high index of suspicion to diagnose TBM at an early stage. The objective of the study was to find out the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spinal tap in early diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis.
Material and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from July 2015 till July 2018 at Neuromedicine ward, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC), Karachi. All patients above 12 year of age, both male and female with nonspecific symptoms like headache, malaise and drowsiness or suspicion of TBM (stage I, II, and III according to British Medical Research Council TBM staging criteria) were included in the study. Patients diagnosed with other CNS disease like encephalitis, malaria and acute bacterial meningitis were excluded. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the brain and early spinal tap for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis were used to diagnose TBM and findings were noted. Results of MRI and CSF analysis were analyzed by SPSS version 24.
Results: A total of 110 patients of TBM, with 60 (54.5%) male and 50 (45.5%) female patients were included in the study. Most of the patients belonged to a younger age group of 12-40 years (81.8%), while 18.2% were above 40 years of age. About 90% patients were diagnosed in stage I TBM and 10% in stage II and III. MRI brain findings included meningeal enhancement (60%), hydrocephalus (41.81%) cerebral edema (82.73%), tuberculoma (19%) and infarct (14.5%), respectively. CSF analysis showed low protein in 80%, low glucose in 91.8% and lymphocytic pleocytosis in 97.2%, respectively.
Conclusion: Both MRI brain and spinal tap with CSF analysis played a role in the early diagnosis of TBM, which is important to prevent the lethal complications associated with late diagnosis of this disease.
Use of Zinc and Oral Rehydration Solution in Home Management of Diarrhea: Knowledge of Mothers of attending a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Noshina Riaz  , Sidra Tul Muntaha  , Maria Qibtia  , Shugufta Sohail  
Published: September 2019

Background: Diarrhea is the second leading cause of mortality in children below 5 years of age in Pakistan. Use of Zinc and ORS has been proven in clinical trials to be beneficial in reducing morbidity and mortality. Poor knowledge regarding home management of diarrhea leads to mortality due to severe dehydration. The objective of this study was to assess the level of knowledge of mothers of under five-year-old children regarding, diarrheal home management in Cantonment General Hospital, Rawalpindi.
Material and Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional study carried out at Department of Pediatrics, Cantonment General Hospital, Rawalpindi, from 1st August, 2017 to 31st January, 2018. About 400 mothers of under five-year-old children, coming to the outpatient department of the hospital were enrolled in this study. A self-designed structured and validated questionnaire was used to assess the level of knowledge of mothers regarding home management of diarrhea using Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) and Zinc. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23 with a p value < 0.05 considered statistically significant.
Results: About 91% (n=364) of mothers had awareness regarding use of ORS as a means of diarrheal home management. Regarding level of knowledge variable results were found. A good percentage of mothers had knowledge of the purpose of ORS use (78.3%), administration (60%) and initiation of ORS (68%), but only 20.8% mothers rightly answered the timing of ORS administration. Mothers knowledge about the use of zinc, daily administration and duration of administration (10-14 days) was 38.8% ,20.5% and 17.3% respectively. Mothers who were more educated especially secondary and above and of the age group 22-31, had better awareness of ORS than others, as P value is less than 0.05. Among mothers who were aware of the use of ORS, only 41.8% of them were also aware of the use of zinc.
Conclusion: A high awareness level regarding ORS use in mothers was reflected fairly in terms of purpose, administration and initiation of ORS but the knowledge of mothers regarding use of zinc and timing of ORS administration, in home management of diarrhea is still lacking.
Perbedaan Penyembuhan Luka Pasca Ekstraksi Gigi Antara Pasien Perokok Dengan Bukan Perokok Di RSGM Unsrat
Authors: Kewo Lidia A. , Pangemanan Damajanty H.C. , Supit Aurelia 
Published: September 2019

Abstract: To date, there are lots of documentations about the adverse effects of smoking on the oral cavity. Albeit, smoking is still considered as a casual thing in our community. Chemicals contained in the cigarette smoke can irritate the gums and soft tissues of the mouth, thus inhibiting wound healing after tooth extraction. This study was aimed to determine the difference in post-extraction dental wound healing between smokers and non-smokers. This was a comparative analytical study with a cross sectional design. Samples were obtained by using total sampling method. Subjects consisted of 16 smokers and 16 non-smokers that fulfilled the study eligibility criteria. Their oral cavities were examined to check the signs of inflammation (calor, dolor, rubor, tumor, and functio laesa). The results showed that there was a difference in post-extraction wound healing in inflammatory phase between smokers and non-smokers. As many as 9.4% of smoker patients and 34.4% of non-smoker patients recovered at 7 days post extraction. The Mann Whitney U test showed a p-value of 0.005. In conclusion, there was a significant difference in post-extraction wound healing between smokers and non-smokers.Keywords: smokers, non-smokers tooth extraction, wound healing Abstrak: Kebiasaan merokok bukan merupakan hal asing di masyarakat walaupun banyak dokumentasi mengenai akibat buruk dari merokok terhadap rongga mulut. Bahan kimia yang terdapat dalam asap rokok dapat mengiritasi gusi dan jaringan lunak mulut sehingga menghambat penyembuhan luka pasca ekstraksi gigi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan penyembuhan luka pasca ekstraksi gigi antara pasien perokok dengan bukan perokok. Jenis penelitian ialah analitik komparatif dengan desain potong lintang. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan total sampling yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Terdapat sebanyak 16 orang perokok dan 16 orang bukan perokok sebagai subyek penelitian. Pemeriksaan rongga mulut dilakukan untuk melihat tanda-tanda inflamasi (kalor, dolor, rubor, tumor, dan fungsio laesa). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan penyembuhan luka 7 hari pasca ekstraksi gigi pada fase inflamasi antara pasien perokok dengan yang bukan perokok; sebanyak 9,4% pasien perokok dan 34,4% pasien bukan perokok yang sudah sembuh. Hasil uji Mann Whitney U mendapatkan nilai p=0,005. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat perbedaan bermakna dalam penyembuhan luka pasca ekstraksi gigi antara pasien perokok dengan yang bukan perokokKata kunci: perokok, bukan perokok, ekstraksi gigi, penyembuhan luka
PERIMETRO DE CINTURA AUMENTADO Y RIESGO DE DIABETES
Authors: Buendia Godoy Richard Giovanni , Zambrano Monica Esther , Gamez Diana , GIRALDO LAURA , Morales Alejandra , Alejo Adriana , Velandia Sonia , Mendoza Sofia 
Published: October 2019

El perímetro de cintura aumentado es un factor de riesgo cardiovascular, actualmente se tienen los puntos de corte según Federación Internacional de Diabetes (IDF) o por criterios Latinoamericanos; no hay estudios en población Colombiana donde muestre la relación entre perímetro de cintura aumentado y el riesgo de diabetes. Este estudio pretende acercarse a mostrar la relación entre perímetro de cintura aumentado por criterios de IDF o Latinoamericanos y el riesgo de diabetes.
Metodología: Estudio de corte transversal donde se realizó análisis multivariado mediante dos modelos: perímetro de cintura aumentado por criterios de IDF y perímetro de cintura por criterios Latinoamericano y riesgo de diabetes, ajustado por edad, sexo colesterol HDL, e índice de masa corporal (variables relevantes en el análisis univariado)
Resultados: Se incluyeron 2200 pacientes, el 30,45 % (670 pacientes) tienen Diabetes tipo 2, de los cuales el 90,72% tiene perímetro de cintura aumentado por criterios de IDF, 76,65% por criterios Latinoamericano. Modelo 1 se halló como factores independientes asociados a diabetes: Sexo masculino OR=1,30 (IC95% 1,05-1,6,p=0,014) y perímetro de cintura aumentado por criterios de IDF OR=1,44 (IC95% 1,02-2,04,p=0,038); como factor protector se observó el colesterol HDL OR= 0,97 (IC95% 0,96-0,98,p
UJI BEBERAPA SIFAT FISIKA TANAH BEKAS TAMBANG EMAS TANPA IZIN ( PETI ) DI TIGA KECAMATAN DI DARATAN SEPANJANG SUNGAI KUANTAN
Authors: Henrianto Ades , Okalia Deno , Mashadi Mashadi 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini berjudul Uji Beberapa Sifat Fisika Tanah Bekas Tambang Emas Tanpa Izin ( Peti ) di Tiga Kecamatan Di Daratan Sepanjang Sungai Kuantan. Waktu penelitian selama 5 bulan terhitung dari bulan Agustus sampai dengan Desember 2015. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui beberapa sifat fisika tanah bekas tambang emas tanpa izin (PETI) di tiga Kecamatan di daratan sepanjang bagian hilir sungai kuantan. Pelaksanaan penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode survai yang terdiri dari empat tahap yaitu: 1) pra survai, 2) survai utama (pengambilan sampel tanah) di lapangan, 3) analisis tanah di laboratorium, 4) pengolahan data. Pengambilan sampael tanah terdiri dari 2 cara yaitu sampel tanah beragregat utuh dan sampel tanah terganggu di tiga kecamatan sepanjang sungai kuantan (Pangean, Inuman, Cerenti) dengan masing-masing tiga ulangan pada setiap lahan tersebut dengan dua kedalaman (0-20cm dan 20-40cm), sehingga diperoleh 54 sampel tanah. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa Pertambangan Emas Tanpa Izin (PETI) telah merusak sifat fisika tanah terutama tanah lapisan atas 0-20 cm. Tekstur tanah lapisan atas pada kedalaman 0-20 cm memiliki tekstur yang mengandung pasir dibandingkan tanah yang ditanami karet. Kandungan bahan organik pada PETI yang berbeda pada kriteria sangat rendah, hanya terdapat pada satu lokasi pada kedalaman 20-40 cm yaitu di Kecamatan Inuman. Sedangkan di perkebunan karet memiliki kandungan bahan organik kriteria rendah. Berat volume pada lahan bekas tambang emas umumnya berada pada kriteria tinggi sedangkan pada perkebunan karet memiliki criteria sedang sampai tinggi.
KAJIAN AKTIVITAS FISIK IBU HAMIL DALAM MENJAGA KEHAMILANNYA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS KARANGTENGAH KABUPATEN WONOGIRI
Authors: Indarwati Indarwati , Kurniawati Alivia Ayu , Wahyuni Endah Sri , Maryatun Maryatun 
Published: October 2019

Latar Belakang; Kehamilan merupakan sesuatu yang wajar pada wanita produktif. Kesehatan kehamilan dapat dijaga salah satunya dengan melakukan aktivitas fisik yang diperbolehkan untuk ibu hamil sesuai dengan kemampuan dan waktu yang sudah ditetapkan. Berdasarkan studi pendahuluan bahwa ibu hamil melakukan aktivitas fisik hanya dengan jalan sehat dan aktivitas rumah tangga. Ibu hamil kurang memahami waktu yang tepat serta jenis aktivitas fisik kehamilan.
Tujuan; menganalisis karakteristik ibu, pengetahuan, sikap dan praktik aktivitas fisik ibu hamil dalam menjaga kesehatan kehamilan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Karangtengah Kabupaten Wonogiri.
Metode; jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional tekhnik pengambilan sample menggunakan cluster random sampling serta dengan sampel sebanyak 74 responden. Instrumen penelitian ini menggunakan lembar kuisioner. Analisa bivariat menggunakan uji Chi Square dengan taraf signifikansi 95%.
Hasil; pengetahuan baik sebesar (35.1%), sikap positif sebanyak (64.9%), sebagian ibu hamil cukup dalam praktik aktivitas fisik ibu hamil sebesar (68.9%). Analisa bivariat pengetahuan dengan sikap memiliki nilai ρ = 0.65, pengetahuan dengan paktik aktivitas fisik memiliki nilai ρ = 0.96 dan sikap dengan praktik aktivitas fisik ibu hamil yaitu dengan nilai ρ = 0.000.
Simpulan; tidak ada keterkaitan antara pengetahuan dengan sikap, tidak ada keterkaitan antara pengetahuan dengan praktik dan ada keterkaitan antara sikap dengan praktik aktivitas fisik ibu hamil.
GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN IBU HAMIL TENTANG PERUBAHAN PSIKOLOGIS SELAMA KEHAMILAN
Authors: Sari Ajeng Novita , Riawati Danik 
Published: October 2019

Latar Belakang : Berdasarkan hasil data WHO, terdapat 352 orang dari 2,321 ibu hamil primigravida yang mengeluh rasa takut 36%, cemas 42%, tidak percaya diri 22% pada saat kehamilan. Data ini juga didukung oleh hasil Survey Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI), terdapat 50 orang dari 850 ibu hamil primigravida yang mengeluh stress 20%, cemas 35% dan takut 45% pada kehamilan. Sedangkan menurut Depkes Medan tahun 2009, terdapat 25 orang dari 100 ibu hamil yang mengeluh cemas 70%, takut 25%, dan stres 5%.
Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengetahuan Ibu Hamil Tentang Perubahan Psikologis Selama Kehamilan di Praktik Mandiri Bidan Dyah Sugiyanto Sukoharjo tahun 2019.
Metode : Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Lokasi penelitian di Praktik Mandiri Bidan (PMB) Dyah Sugiyanto Sukoharjo. Sampel penelitian menggunakan teknik accidental sampling. Sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu ibu hamil yang berkunjung di PMB Dyah Sugiyanto sejumlah 36 ibu hamil. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan alat pengumpul data berupa kuesioner, jenis kuesioner dalam penelitian ini adalah kuesioner tertutup sedangkan untuk analisis data menggunakan distribusi frekuensi.
Hasil : Pengetahuan ibu hamil mengenai perubahan psikologis selama kehamilan mayoritas dalam kategori cukup yaitu 29 responden (80,55%). mayoritas ibu hamil berumur 21-25 tahun sebanyak 11 responden (30,55%), berpendidikan SMP sebanyak 14 responden (38,88%), dan pekerjaan swasta sebanyak 13 responden (36,11%).
Simpulan : Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang perubahan psikologis selama kehamilan mayoritas berpengetahuan cukup.
Syntactic Maturity in the English Written texts of Bilingual Students in a Secondary School in Surabaya
Authors: TjanHan Jap , Ngadiman Agustinus 
Published: September 2019

This research was aimed to investigate the syntactic maturity and developmentas manifested in the written texts of bilingual students in a secondary school in Surabaya. This study measured the (1) mean T-unit length, (2) subordinate clause index, (3) mean clause length, (4) mean sentence length, (5) main clause coordination index, and (6) the index of erroneous T-units/total T-units as the indicators of the syntactic maturity. However, it was the mean T-unit length that was used as the main indicator of the syntactic maturity because mean T-unit length was considered to be the most reliable index. The data of the syntactic maturity indicators were obtained by analyzing the descriptive texts that the subjects wrote in response to a writing test instruction. The results of this study have shown that the syntactic maturity and development are influenced by the following four dominant factors: (1) the innate acquisition device enabling the students to acquire English and Indonesian almost simultaneously, (2) the amount of English inputs obtained from parents, teachers, English-immersion program schooling, English movies, books and social media have provided the students with a variety of English resources, (3) the abundant opportunities to produce outputs available at home and at schools have enabled the students to use their English and then modify it during the process of English acquisition, and (4) the individual variations.
Cosmology from the Chinese Space Station Optical Survey (CSS-OS)
Authors: Gong Yan , Liu Xiangkun , Cao Ye , Chen Xuelei , Fan Zuhui , Li Ran , Li Xiao-Dong , Li Zhigang , Zhang Xin , Zhan Hu 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The Chinese Space Station Optical Survey (CSS-OS) is a planned full sky survey operated by the Chinese Space Station Telescope (CSST). It can simultaneously perform the photometric imaging and spectroscopic slitless surveys, and will probe weak and strong gravitational lensing, galaxy clustering, individual galaxies and galaxy clusters, active galactic nucleus, and so on. It aims to explore the properties of dark matter and dark energy and other important cosmological problems. In this work, we focus on two main CSS-OS scientific goals, i.e., the weak gravitational lensing (WL) and galaxy clustering surveys. We generate the mock CSS-OS data based on the observational COSMOS and zCOSMOS catalogs. We investigate the constraints on the cosmological parameters from the CSS-OS using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method. The intrinsic alignments, galaxy bias, velocity dispersion, and systematics from instrumental effects in the CSST WL and galaxy clustering surveys are also included, and their impacts on the constraint results are discussed. We find that the CSS-OS can improve the constraints on the cosmological parameters by a factor of a few (even one order of magnitude in the optimistic case), compared to the current WL and galaxy clustering surveys. The constraints can be further enhanced when performing joint analysis with the WL, galaxy clustering, and galaxy–galaxy lensing data. Therefore, the CSS-OS is expected to be a powerful survey for exploring the universe. Since some assumptions may be still optimistic and simple, it is possible that the results from the real survey could be worse. We will study these issues in detail with the help of simulations in the future.
From Cold to Hot Irradiated Gaseous Exoplanets: Fingerprints of Chemical Disequilibrium in Atmospheric Spectra
Authors: Molaverdikhani Karan , Henning Thomas , Mollière Paul 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Almost all planetary atmospheres are affected by disequilibrium chemical processes. In this paper, we introduce our recently developed chemical kinetic model (ChemKM). We show that the results of our HD 189733b model are in good agreement with previously published results, except at the μbar regime, where molecular diffusion and photochemistry are the dominant processes. We thus recommend careful consideration of these processes when abundances at the top of the atmosphere are desired. We also propose a new metric for a quantitative measure of quenching levels. By applying this metric, we find that quenching pressure decreases with the effective temperature of planets, but it also varies significantly with other atmospheric parameters such as [Fe/H], log(g), and C/O. In addition, we find that the “methane valley,” a region between 800 and 1500 K where above a certain C/O threshold value a greater chance of CH4 detection is expected, still exists after including the vertical mixing. The first robust CH4 detection on an irradiated planet (HD 102195b) places this object within this region, supporting our prediction. We also investigate the detectability of disequilibrium spectral fingerprints by the James Webb Space Telescope and suggest focusing on the targets with T
eff between 1000 and 1800 K, orbiting around M dwarfs, and having low surface gravity but high metallicity and a C/O ratio value around unity. Finally, constructing Spitzer color maps suggests that the main two color populations are largely insensitive to the vertical mixing. Therefore, any deviation of observational points from these populations is likely due to the presence of clouds and not disequilibrium processes. However, some cold planets (T
eff < 900 K) with very low C/O ratios (<0.25) show significant deviations, making these planets interesting cases for further investigation.
Microlensing Optical Depth and Event Rate toward the Galactic Bulge from 8 yr of OGLE-IV Observations
Authors: Mróz Przemek , Udalski Andrzej , Skowron Jan , Szymański Michał K. , Soszyński Igor , Wyrzykowski Łukasz , Pietrukowicz Paweł , Kozłowski Szymon , Poleski Radosław , Ulaczyk Krzysztof , Rybicki Krzysztof , Iwanek Patryk 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The number and properties of observed gravitational microlensing events depend on the distribution and kinematics of stars and other compact objects along the line of sight. In particular, precise measurements of the microlensing optical depth and event rate toward the Galactic bulge enable strict tests of competing models of the Milky Way. Previous estimates, based on samples of up to a few hundred events, gave larger values than expected from the Galactic models and were difficult to reconcile with other constraints on the Galactic structure. Here we used long-term photometric observations of the Galactic bulge by the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) to select a homogeneous sample of 8000 gravitational microlensing events. We created the largest and most accurate microlensing optical depth and event rate maps of the Galactic bulge. The new maps ease the tension between the previous measurements and Galactic models. They are consistent with some earlier calculations based on bright stars and are systematically ∼30% smaller than the other estimates based on “all-source” samples of microlensing events. The difference is caused by the careful estimation of the source star population. The new maps agree well with predictions based on the Besançon model of the Galaxy. Apart from testing the Milky Way models, our maps may have numerous other applications, such as the measurement of the initial mass function or constraining the dark matter content in the Milky Way center. The new maps will also inform the planning of future space-based microlensing experiments by revising the expected number of events.
Valeur(s) & management
Authors: Ledoux Laurent 
Published: October 2019

Au-delà de leurs divergences « philosophiques », les principes des Entreprises libérées de Getz et des Organisations Opale de Laloux convergent et induisent une inversion fondamentale dans les pratiques de gestion : les « valeurs » y deviennent les objectifs ultimes tandis que la « valeur financière » devient l’une des conséquences du respect de ces valeurs. Le présent article vise avant tout à faire comprendre au lecteur ce que cette « inversion des valeurs » implique comme changements dans la philosophie de leadership adoptée par les leaders libérateurs ou Opale, et quelle préparation ou transformation intérieure cela requiert de leur part.