bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Materialização, substrução e projeção: uma construção teórico-metodológica como contribuição para o desvelar da produção do espaço
Authors: Ferreira Alvaro 
Published: May 2019

A Geografia tem passado por momentos de negação da importância do debate teórico. Por outro lado, há autores que insistem em não se preocupar com a dimensão empírica; há equívocos nas duas partes. Acreditamos que o ponto de partida da investigação deve ser a realidade, mas posteriormente é necessário retomar a dimensão teórica para tentar desvendar o problema. A reflexão realizada neste texto foi construída a partir de uma base metodológica baseada na tríade dos processos de materialização, substrução e projeção.
Palavras-chave: Produção do espaço, base metodológica, tríade materialização-substrução-projeção.
Noites brancas – O exército como regulador imediato da gestão da barbárie/White Nights - The Army as Immediate Controller of the Barbarism Management
Authors: Menegat Marildo 
Published: May 2019

O autor defende que o protagonismo militar nas eleições de 2018, compondo o campo ativado pela “nova-direita”, tem como pano de fundo uma adequação às necessidades em curso das guerras de ordenamento mundial, como modos atualizados da gestão da crise do capital agravada desde 2008. O propalado protagonismo do Exército não é o início do estado de exceção, mas tão somente um momento de aprofundamento que tenderá a continuar no próximo período. Palavras-chave: estado de exceção; guerras de ordenamento mundial; gestão da barbárie ABSTRACTThe author argues that the military protagonism in the 2018 elections, composing the field activated by the “new right”, has as a background an adaptation to the underway needs of the world order wars as updated modes of managing the capital crisis aggravated since 2008. The proclaimed leadership of the Army is not the beginning of the state of exception, but only a moment of its deepening that will tend to continue in the next period.Keywords: state of exception; wars of world order; barbarism management
Apontamentos sobre experiências contemporâneas femininas de migrações e trabalho/Notes on feminine contemporary experiences of migration and work
Authors: Lemme Ribeiro Clara 
Published: May 2019

A feminização das migrações foi compreendida, nos últimos anos, como uma das principais tendências do século XXI. O objetivo deste artigo é investigar tal processo, dando relevância para as conexões possíveis de serem estabelecidas com o conjunto da reprodução social. Para isso, consideramos as trajetórias de mulheres bolivianas que se inseriram em oficinas de costura na cidade de São Paulo. As experiências femininas de migração podem ser compreendidas como conteúdo concreto da crise contemporânea de reprodução do capital que se desdobra, simultaneamente, em crise do trabalho e da reprodução.Palavras-chave: feminização das migrações, crise do trabalho, migração boliviana. ABSTRACTOver the last years, the feminization of migrations has been considered one of the main social trends of the 21st century. The present paper investigates this process, underlining possible connections with social reproduction as a whole, through the analysis of Bolivian female migration trajectories. Feminine migratory experiences can be understood as a concrete content of the contemporary crisis of capital reproduction that simultaneously unfolds as a crisis of labor and reproduction.Keywords: feminization of migrations, labor crisis, Bolivian migration.
Identidade e migração armênia: apontamentos e críticas/Armenian identity and migration: notes and criticals
Authors: Camarero Artur Attarian Cardoso 
Published: May 2019

A preocupação do presente artigo é expor as interpretações acerca do problema da identidade armênia e seus desdobramentos como relação social internacional, nos destinos da assim chamada diáspora armênia e na Armênia, dotada de diversas formas de representação aqui pensadas a partir do conceito de mobilidade do trabalho (Gaudemar, 1977) para criticar a compreensão culturalista do problema. Ao final intentamos expor uma reflexão crítica sobre o trabalho de campo realizado na Armênia no segundo semestre de 2016 sob a perspectiva crítica do valor-dissociação, em diálogo com Scholz (2016), para pensar a chamada “questão da mulher” naquele país.Palavras-chave: obilidade do trabalho, identidade armênia e crise de acumulação. ABSTRACTThe aim of this paper is to present the interpretations about the problem of Armenian identity and its unfolding as an international social relation in the destinies of the so-called Armenian diaspora and in Armenia, endowed with various forms of representation conceived from the concept of labour mobility (Gaudemar, 1997) to criticize the culturalist understanding of the problem. The text closes with some critical reflections about our work field experience carried out in Armenia in the second half of 2016 under the critical perspective of value-dissociation, in dialogue with Scholz (2016), to think about the so-called “women’s issue” in this country.Keywords: labor mobility, Armenian identity and accumulation crisis.
Comparative Study on Proximate, Mineral and Anti-Nutrient Content of Composite Roasted Corn Flour with Its Traditional Roasted Corn Counterpart for Homemade Complementary Foods
Authors: Paterne ROUGBO N’djoman , Gladys DOUE Ginette , Bernard SEHA Téhi , Anicet ENVIN Bogui 
Published: May 2019

The present study aimed to produce and evaluate the physicochemical composition of an improved and enriched roasted corn flour with soybean (5%) and groundnut (5%) flours comparatively to its traditional preparation for homemade complementary foods. Samples of (corn, soybean and groundnut) were dried and milled to produce two types of roasted corn flour: the roasted corn flour with soy and peanut and the traditional roasted corn flour with corn only. Laboratory analyses of chemical proximate like nutrients, minerals and anti-nutrients properties were determined according to standard procedures. Data generated were subjected to one way analysis of variance using using SPSS 11.0 software. The results showed that there were significant differences (P<0.05) among the samples.
Regarding proximate composition, the composite roasted corn flour is distinguished by higher crude fat (5.83%), protein (19.66%), carbohydrate (62.31%), fiber (3.67%), ash (1.85%) and calorific (442.99 Kcal/100 g) value. Likewise, mineral contents increased significantly (p<0.05) in the composite roasted corn flour with high value in all the studied minerals including potassium (779.11 mg/100 g), phosphorus (242.83 mg/100 g), calcium (132.45 mg/100 g), zinc (2.67 mg/100 g) and iron (1.44 mg/100 g). The studied of anti-nutrients, showed that composite roasted corn flour also exhibit lower value in oxalate (8.03 mg/100 g) and phytic acid (3.48 mg/100 g). It could be concluded that the composite roasted corn flour appears to be suitable for homemade complementary foods to cover infant and young children needs.
An On-Farm Study for Feeding Impact of Total Mixed Ration (TMR) in Milking Cow
Authors: Sarker Nathu Ram , Yeasmin Dilruba , Tabassum Farah , Habib Md. Ahsan 
Published: May 2019

Aims: To compare the compatibility of maize stover based Total Mixed Ration (TMR) over conventional feeding in terms of dry matter intake, milk production and composition and economic outcome from cows.
Study Design: CRD.
Place and Duration of Study: This field trial was carried out for a period of 60 days on 10 early lactating Holstein Friesian crossbred cows belonging to the farmers of Sirajgonj district.
Methodology: Cows were divided into two homogenous groups considering lactation status and yield. In control (T0) group, cows were provided conventional feeds comprising of 20.0 kg Napier grass, 5.0 kg paddy straw, 2 kg pelleted feed and 10.0 kg concentrate mixture (composed of 5 kg wheat bran, 2 kg pulse bran, 2 kg red gram bran and 1.0 kg oil cake), while in another group (T1), cows were fed TMR comprising of maize stover and concentrate with 50:50 proportions, according to their nutrient requirements. The DM and CP contents in concentrate mixture of T0 and T1 were 90.33% and 15.6% and 38.01% and 16.7%, respectively. The data were analyzed by "SPSS 20.0" statistical program.
Result: Fresh feed intakes were significantly (P<0.001) higher in T0 (37.4±0.008) than those of animals in T1; CP intakes were significantly (P=0.008) higher in T1 (1.60±0.02). Differences were not significant (P=0.07) in case of DMI and DMI on %live weight between two treatment groups. Milk yield and fat content significantly (P=0.05) differed between groups. Highest milk yield (9.99±0.07 kg) and milk fat (3.62±0.06%) were observed in cows of T1. However, milk protein, lactose and SNF did not vary significantly between groups. Considering milk price @BDT 60.0/ltr, profit gained maximum in T1 group.
Conclusion: TMR improved substantial amount of milk yield and quality with concurrent reduction of milk production cost.
Sensitivity of Cashew (Anacardium occidentale) Leaf Extract against Selected Urinary Tract Pathogens
Authors: Hassan I. A. , Abdulraheem I. , Emun H. O. , Shonowo O. M. 
Published: May 2019

Aims: The study was carried out to investigate cashew extract as anti – urinary tract infection.
Methods: The leaves of cashew (Anacardium occidentale) were extracted using ethanol and distilled water; however the leaf extracts of cashew were screened for anti-microbial activities by the in vitro cup-plate method of agar diffusion technique with concentration of about 10-5 s cells/ml of the selected bacteria; using ethanol and distilled water as control. Simultaneously; the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the two extracts on selected bacteria were also determined.
Results: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ethanolic and aqueous extract against the two organisms was 0.0625 g/l; namely E. coli and S. aureus except K. pneumoniae that occurred at 0.125 g/l. The two extracts were bactericidal at 0.25 g/l and above; below this concentration there were differentiations in the organism’s reaction to the extracts; for instance, the two extracts at 0.125 g/l were cidal; to the other two organisms; only K. pneumoniae was static. However at 0.0625g/l of the two extracts; the two organisms were static but K. pneumoniae showed growth.
Conclusion: Hence the leaf extract of Anacardium occidentale dissolved in distilled water and ethanol are good potential for the development of antibacterial drugs for urinary tract pathogens like Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
Assessment of Oral Health Knowledge, Attitude and Practice for Public Primary School Teachers in the City of Madinah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Johani Wejdan Ali , Elanbya May Gamar 
Published: May 2019

Background: School teachers can play an important role in helping to instill good health habits in their students. Consequently, teachers need to have an adequate knowledge and a proper attitude regarding oral health.
Method and Materials: This is a cross sectional study conducted among public primary school teachers in Al-Madinah city. A questionnaire was distributed in 10 randomly selected schools. All teachers were asked to participate. Data was analyzed using SPSS software.
Results: 200 teachers were asked to participate all of them responded. 81% of the teachers were aware that caries are caused by bacteria in the oral cavity. 69.5% of teachers thinks that fluorides strength teeth. 44.5 % of the teachers brushed their teeth twice a day. Only 15% of the teachers regularly discuss oral health topics with their students. 74.5% of them think that it is necessary to treat tooth caries in primary teeth. 70.5% think that dental health education should be included in the primary school curriculum. 64% of them believed that schools should restrict the consumption of caries causing snacks during school hours.
Conclusion: Teachers’ knowledge regarding oral health needs improvement. Their own oral health practices are fair; however, their attitude towards oral health is very positive.
Estimation of primary radiation output for wide‐beam computed tomography scanner
Authors: Fukuda Atsushi , Lin Pei‐Jan P. , Ichikawa Nao , Matsubara Kosuke 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPurposeTo estimate in‐air primary radiation output in a wide‐beam multidetector computed tomography (CT) scanner.Materials and methodsA 6‐cc ionization chamber was placed free‐in‐air at the isocenter, and two sheets of lead (1‐mm thickness) were placed on the bottom of the gantry cover, forming apertures of 40–80 mm in increments of 8 mm. The air‐kerma rate profiles were measured with and without the apertures (, ) for 4.8 s at tube potentials of 80, 100, 120, and 135 kVp, tube current of 50 mA, and rotation time of 0.4 s. The nominal beam width was varied from 40 to 160 mm in increments of 40 mm. Upon completion of data acquisition, the were plotted as a function of the measured beam width, and the extrapolated dose rates () at zero beam width were calculated by second‐order least‐squares estimation. Similarly, the were plotted as a function of the radiation field (measured beam width × aperture size at the isocenter), and the extrapolated dose rates () were compared with the .ResultsThe means and standard errors of the with 40‐, 80‐, 120‐, and 160‐mm nominal beam widths at 120 kVp were 10.94 ± 0.01, 11.13 ± 0.01, 11.22 ± 0.01, and 11.31 ± 0.01 mGy/s, respectively, and the was reduced to 10.67 ± 0.02 mGy/s. The of 40‐, 80‐, 120‐, and 160‐mm beam widths were reduced to 10.6 ± 0.1, 10.6 ± 0.2, 10.5 ± 0.1, and 10.6 ± 0.1 mGy/s and were not significantly different from the .ConclusionsA method for describing the in‐air primary radiation output in a wide‐beam CT scanner was proposed that provides a means to characterize the scatter‐to‐primary ratio of the CT scanner.
Conjugated Polymer–Assisted Grain Boundary Passivation for Efficient Inverted Planar Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Wei , Wang Yingfeng , Pang Guotao , Koh Chang Woo , Djurišić Aleksandra B. , Wu Yinghui , Tu Bao , Liu Fang‐zhou , Chen Rui , Woo Han Young , Guo Xugang , He Zhubing 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGrain boundaries in lead halide perovskite films lead to increased recombination losses and decreased device stability under illumination due to defect‐mediated ion migration. The effect of a conjugated polymer additive, poly(bithiophene imide) (PBTI), is investigated in the antisolvent treatment step in the perovskite film deposition by comprehensive characterization of perovskite film properties and the performance of inverted planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs). PBTI is found to be incorporated within grain boundaries, which results in an improvement in perovskite film crystallinity and reduced defects. The successful defect passivation by PBTI yields reduces recombination losses and consequently increases power conversion efficiency (PCE). In addition, it gives rise to improved photoluminescence stability and improved PSC stability under illumination which can be attributed to reduced ion migration. The optimal devices exhibit a PCE of 20.67% compared to 18.89% of control devices without PBTI, while they retain over 70% of the initial efficiency after 600 h under 1 sun illumination compared to 56% for the control devices.
Humidity‐Tolerant Roll‐to‐Roll Fabrication of Perovskite Solar Cells via Polymer‐Additive‐Assisted Hot Slot Die Deposition
Authors: Kim Jueng‐Eun , Kim Seok‐Soon , Zuo Chuantian , Gao Mei , Vak Doojin , Kim Dong‐Yu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHeating‐assisted deposition is an industry‐friendly scalable deposition method. This manufacturing method is employed together with slot die coating to fabricate perovskite solar cells via a roll‐to‐roll process. The feasibility of the method is demonstrated after initial testing on a rigid substrate using a benchtop slot die coater in air. The fabricated solar cells exhibit power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) up to 14.7%. A nonelectroactive polymer additive is used with the perovskite formulation and found to improve its humidity tolerance significantly. These deposition parameters are also used in the roll‐to‐roll setup. The perovskite layer and other solution‐processed layers are slot die‐coated, and the fabricated device shows PCEs up to 11.7%, which is the highest efficiency obtained from a fully roll‐to‐roll processed perovskite solar cell to date.
Biodegradable Fe(III)@WS2‐PVP Nanocapsules for Redox Reaction and TME‐Enhanced Nanocatalytic, Photothermal, and Chemotherapy
Authors: Wu Chenyao , Wang Shige , Zhao Jiulong , Liu Yiyun , Zheng Yuting , Luo Yu , Ye Changqing , Huang Mingxian , Chen Hangrong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this study, biocompatible Fe(III) species‐WS2‐polyvinylpyrrolidone (Fe(III) @ WS2‐PVP) nanocapsules with enhanced biodegradability and doxorubicin (DOX) loading capacity are one‐pot synthesized. In this nanocapsule, there exists a redox reaction between Fe(III) species and WS2 to form Fe2+ and WO42−. The formed Fe2+ could be oxidized to Fe3+, which reacts with Fe(III) @ WS2‐PVP again to continuously produce Fe2+ and WO42−. Such a repeated endogenous redox reaction leads to an enhanced biodegradation and DOX release of DOX @ Fe(III) @ WS2‐PVP. More strikingly, the Fe2+ generation and DOX release are further accelerated by the overexpressed H2O2 and the mild acidic tumor microenvironment (TME), since H2O2 and H+ can accelerate the oxidation of Fe2+. The continuously generated Fe2+ catalyzes a fast Fenton reaction with the innate H2O2 in tumor cells and produces abundant highly toxic hydroxyl radicals for nanocatalytic tumor therapy. Together with the high photothermal transforming capability, the DOX @ Fe(III) @WS2‐PVP nanocapsules successfully achieve the endogenous redox reaction and exogenous TME‐augmented tumor photothermal therapy, chemo and nanocatalytic therapy outcome. The concept of material design can be innovatively extended to the synthesis of biodegradable Fe(III) @ MoS2‐PVP nanocomposite, thus paving a promising novel way for the rational design of intelligent theranostic agents for highly efficient treatment of cancer.
Birnessite Nanosheet Arrays with High K Content as a High‐Capacity and Ultrastable Cathode for K‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lin Baowei , Zhu Xiaohui , Fang Lingzhe , Liu Xinyi , Li Shuang , Zhai Teng , Xue Liang , Guo Qiubo , Xu Jing , Xia Hui 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPotassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) are one of the emerging energy‐storage technologies due to the low cost of potassium and theoretically high energy density. However, the development of PIBs is hindered by the poor K+ transport kinetics and the structural instability of the cathode materials during K+ intercalation/deintercalation. In this work, birnessite nanosheet arrays with high K content (K0.77MnO2⋅0.23H2O) are prepared by “hydrothermal potassiation” as a potential cathode for PIBs, demonstrating ultrahigh reversible specific capacity of about 134 mAh g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1, as well as great rate capability (77 mAh g−1 at 1000 mA g−1) and superior cycling stability (80.5% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 1000 mA g−1). With the introduction of adequate K+ ions in the interlayer, the K‐birnessite exhibits highly stabilized layered structure with highly reversible structure variation upon K+ intercalation/deintercalation. The practical feasibility of the K‐birnessite cathode in PIBs is further demonstrated by constructing full cells with a hard–soft composite carbon anode. This study highlights effective K+‐intercalation for birnessite to achieve superior K‐storage performance for PIBs, making it a general strategy for developing high‐performance cathodes in rechargeable batteries beyond lithium‐ion batteries.
Interfacial Thermal Contact Conductance inside the Graphene–Bi2Te3 Heterostructure
Authors: Pyun Kyung Rok , Kihm Kenneth David , Cheon Sosan , Kim Hong Goo , Lee Woomin , Lim Gyumin , Lee Woorim , Kim Sung‐Jin , Han Mi‐Kyung , Ko Seung Hwan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGraphene–Bi2Te3, a graphene‐based compound with a metal/metalloid heterostructure, is recently discovered to be a potentially novel thermoelectric material, demonstrating unprecedently enhanced thermoelectric efficiencies. The interfacial thermal transport must play an important role in determining the thermoelectric performance of this heterostructure. In particular, the interfacial thermal contact conductance (Gc) must be known in order to correctly elaborate the thermoelectric performances of graphene–Bi2Te3. Furthermore, the large nonlinear optoelectric response of this heterostructure redefines both the graphene thermal conductivity (kg) and its optical absorbance (Ag). A significantly suppressed Ag is predicted as low as 0.86% from its nominal value of 2.72% when suspended, from the transfer matrix calculations based on the Fresnel principle. Both Gc and kg are simultaneously determined from the optothermal Raman thermometry by duplexing the Raman data sets using two different objective magnifications (20× and 100×), which allows for the matching of the number of unknowns (Gc and kg) with the corresponding two Raman data sets. The thermal properties of Gc and kg for the graphene–Bi2Te3 heterostructure are first determined as 3.455 ± 0.619 × 106 W m−2 K−1 and 440.124 ± 76.265 W m−1 K−1, respectively.
Bioactive Antifouling Surfaces by Visible‐Light‐Triggered Polymerization
Authors: Kuzmyn Andriy R. , Nguyen Ai T. , Zuilhof Han , Baggerman Jacob 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHierarchical bioactive surfaces are created by visible‐light‐induced surface‐initiated living radical polymerization employing tris[2‐phenylpyridinato‐C2,N]iridium(III) as a photocatalyst. The hierarchical antifouling diblock copolymer structures consist of N‐(2‐hydroxypropyl)‐methacrylamide (first block) and carboxybetaine methacrylate (second block). The living nature of the polymerization is shown by a linear increase in layer thickness (as measured by atomic force microscopy) and reinitiation of the polymerization to create a patterned second block of polymer. The chemical structure of the brushes is confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements. The block copolymer brushes demonstrate excellent antifouling properties when exposed to single‐protein solutions or to bovine serum. The second carboxybetaine block of the hierarchical antifouling structures can effectively be biofunctionalized with an anti‐fibrinogen antibody. The coated surfaces show a high affinity and specificity to fibrinogen, while preventing nonspecific adsorption from other proteins in bovine serum.
Light Emission by a Thermalized Ensemble of Emitters Coupled to a Resonant Structure
Authors: Wojszvzyk Léo , Monin Hector , Greffet Jean‐Jacques 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLight emission by ensembles of emitters can be tailored using resonators such as cavities or plasmonic antennas. While concepts such as field enhancement, Purcell effect, and quenching can be used to understand the interplay between a two‐level system and a resonator, they fail to account for light emission by ensembles of emitters. Recent experiments reporting light emission by thermalized molecules, quantum dots, and hot electrons excited optically or electrically are reviewed. It is shown that the local Kirchhoff's law provides a unified framework to discuss photoluminescence, electroluminescence, and thermal radiation by ensembles of thermalized emitters coupled to resonators.