bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Child Sleep and Socioeconomic Context in the Development of Cognitive Abilities in Early Childhood
Authors: Hoyniak Caroline P. , Bates John E. , Staples Angela D. , Rudasill Kathleen M. , Molfese Dennis L. , Molfese Victoria J. 
Published: February 2018

Despite a robust literature examining the association between sleep problems and cognitive abilities in childhood, little is known about this association in toddlerhood, a period of rapid cognitive development. The present study examined the association between various sleep problems, using actigraphy, and performance on a standardized test of cognitive abilities, longitudinally across three ages (30, 36, and 42 months) in a large sample of toddlers (N = 493). Results revealed a between‐subject effect in which the children who had more delayed sleep schedules on average also showed poorer cognitive abilities on average but did not support a within‐subjects effect. Results also showed that delayed sleep explains part of the association between family socioeconomic context and child cognitive abilities.
PUBLIC GOOD PROVISION WITH CONSTITUTIONAL CONSTRAINT
Authors: Rong Kang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis article studies the public good provision problem, in which the principal faces a constitutional constraint in the sense that in order for a public good provision mechanism to be implemented, it must first be approved by agents under a prespecified voting rule. I find that as long as the voting rule is not the unanimity rule, the principal can propose a mechanism such that first‐best efficiency of provision of the public good is achieved. I also consider various constraints, such as prohibition of discriminatory mechanisms and the existence of vote buying, and discuss optimal voting rules in these situations.
False self‐employment: the case of Ukrainian migrants in London's construction sector
Authors: Vershinina Natalia A. , Rodgers Peter , Ram Monder , Theodorakopoulos Nick , Rodionova Yulia 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis article, presenting qualitative accounts of Ukrainian business owners, highlights how migrants engage in false self‐employment in the UK. Their experiences problematise notions of legality and binary depictions of migrant workers as ‘victims or villains’, demonstrating that migrants see their illegal status as a transient stage before gaining legal status.
Placing the Social Exchange Framework in an Ecological Context
Authors: Sabatelli Ronald M. , Lee Hyanghee , Ripoll‐Núñez Karen 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn this article we extend the ecological–exchange framework as a way of understanding cultural, cohort, and socioeconomic variations in how marriage partnerships are structured and experienced. Based on the integration of ecological and contextual perspectives and social exchange theories, this framework highlights both micro‐ and macro‐level factors that interact to shape the trends and trajectories of marriage relationships over time. We use the ecological–exchange framework to discuss future implications for research using exchange principles and focus on how close relationships are structured and experienced.
Development of consensus on models of care in adults with intestinal failure using a modified Delphi approach
Authors: Carey Sharon , Kalachov Michelle , Jones Lynn , Koh Cherry ,   on behalf of the Intestinal Failure Alliance of Australia
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackground and AimThe aims of this study were to establish consensus on service delivery models for management of Type III intestinal failure (IF) and home parenteral nutrition (HPN) within the Australian health‐care system and to identify barriers and enablers in moving towards this ideal model.MethodsA modified Delphi methodology was utilized to survey experts working in Type III IF HPN. The panel comprised physicians, dietitians, nurses, and pharmacists from 18 of the 20 adult Type III IF HPN centres across Australia. The study consisted of two rounds of email administered questionnaires developed around four key areas of health service delivery: access to services, clinical care, service guidance, and models of care. Open‐ended responses were evaluated via an inductive thematic approach to identify areas of consensus. Experts reviewed the final report to consolidate consensus and validity.ResultsThere was >80% consensus that an ideal team should consist of a physician, nurse, dietitian, pharmacist, and access to psychological support. Consensus supported the need for updated guidelines (75%) and a hub and spoke model of care (82%). However, further consultation is required in order to establish consensus around the use of HPN in the palliative oncology setting (69%).ConclusionsThis consensus provides a framework within which health professionals, managers, policy‐makers, and consumer groups can move towards optimal management for Type III IF HPN patients. Advocacy and a review of service delivery across Australia are now required to facilitate the ideal model of care identified.
Silencing the Good: Memory, Forgetting and the Belated Reputation of Giorgio Perlasca
Authors: Cossu Andrea 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe sociological analysis of the reputation of historical figures has rarely paid attention to temporal delays in the emergence of collective memory. This article focuses on a case of belated reputation as a particular reputational trajectory. I analyse the reputational trajectory of the Italian Giorgio Perlasca, who posed as Spain's representative in Budapest during the German occupation of 1944‐5, and saved thousands of Jews from deportation. Upon his return to Italy, his story was neglected, only to resurface forty years after the events. An analysis of these processes requires the consideration of three factors: the presence of agents who promote a reputation, the configuration of centre‐periphery relations, and the memorability of the figure. The consideration of how these three factors change over time offers an adequate account of processes of commemoration.
The Sensitivity of Reinsurance Demand to Counterparty Risk: Evidence From the U.S. Property–Liability Insurance Industry
Authors: Park Sojung Carol , Xie Xiaoying , Rui Pinghai 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis article investigates market discipline in the reinsurance market by examining the sensitivity of reinsurance demand to reinsurer counterparty risk for a sample of U.S. property–liability insurance companies. Using the financial strength rating of reinsurers as a proxy for reinsurance counterparty risk, we find evidence of market discipline that reinsurance demand is sensitive to counterparty risk. Specifically, reinsurance demand reacts negatively to reinsurer rating downgrades, with the reduction being the largest when a “weak” reinsurer gets “weaker,” followed by a reinsurer being downgraded below a benchmark rating. The sensitivity is higher for authorized reinsurance than for unauthorized reinsurance. Reinsurance demand sensitivity to counterparty risk is found to be lower for ceding insurers with higher leverage. Ceding insurers with high reinsurer sustainability are less sensitive to noncritical rating downgrades of reinsurers. Additionally, reinsurance demand is found to be less sensitive to reinsurer upgrading than to reinsurer downgrading.
Alternative splicing of OsLG3b controls grain length and yield in japonica rice
Authors: Yu Jianping , Miao Jinli , Zhang Zhanying , Xiong Haiyan , Zhu Xiaoyang , Sun Xingming , Pan Yinghua , Liang Yuntao , Zhang Qiang , Abdul Rehman Rashid Muhammad , Li Jinjie , Zhang Hongliang , Li Zichao 
Published: February 2018

SummaryGrain size, one of the important components determining grain yield in rice, is controlled by the multiple quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Intensive artificial selection for grain size during domestication is evidenced in modern cultivars compared to their wild relatives. Here, we report the molecular cloning and characterization of OsLG3b, a QTL for grain length in tropical japonica rice that encodes MADS‐box transcription factor 1 (OsMADS1). Six SNPs in the OsLG3b region led to alternative splicing, which were associated with grain length in an association analysis of candidate region. Quantitative PCR analysis indicated that OsLG3b expression was higher during the panicle and seed development stages. Analysis of haplotypes and introgression regions revealed that the long‐grain allele of OsLG3b might have arisen after domestication of tropical japonica and spread to subspecies indica or temperate japonica by natural crossing and artificial selection. OsLG3b is therefore a target of human selection for adaptation to tropical regions during domestication and/or improvement of rice. Phylogenetic analysis and pedigree records showed that OsLG3b had been employed by breeders, but the gene still has much breeding potential for increasing grain length in indica. These findings will not only aid efforts to elucidate the molecular basis of grain development and domestication, but also facilitate the genetic improvement of rice yield.
Legal Positivism and Deontic Detachment
Authors: Mullins Robert 
Published: February 2018

AbstractI consider a puzzle that arises when the logical principle known as “deontic detachment” is applied to the law. It is not possible to accept the principle of deontic detachment in a legal setting while also accepting that the so‐called “social facts thesis” applies to all legal propositions. According to the social facts thesis, the existence and content of law is determined by the attitudes or practices of legal officials. Abandoning deontic detachment is not an appropriate solution to the problem—the puzzle can be recreated with other plausible closure principles. The problem can be solved by restricting the social facts thesis to legal rules, rather than applying it to all legal propositions. Properly construed the social facts thesis does not apply to facts about what legally ought to be the case.
Tabularity of individual turbidite beds controlled by flow efficiency and degree of confinement
Authors: Liu Qun , Kneller Ben , Fallgatter Claus , Valdez Buso Victoria , Milana Juan Pablo 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSubmarine lobes have various geometries and stacking patterns, whose differences are likely to be the result of variations in flow efficiency and degree of confinement. This study examines four contrasting units with differing flow efficiency and confinement, to evaluate their effects on bed geometries and stacking patterns. Three of these units occur in the Late Palaeozoic Paganzo Basin, north‐west Argentina: the Las Lajas system is developed in a 0·8 km wide palaeofjord; the Cerro Bola system (of which two different units were studied) was deposited in a larger sub‐basin, at least 20 km wide. The Paine C system of the late Cretaceous Magallanes Basin in Chile is confined by an incision surface 3 km wide. Seventy‐eight individual beds in the four units have been chosen to calculate flow efficiency and degree of confinement. Individual flow efficiency has been estimated semi‐quantitatively using the outcrop cross‐sectional area of the bed (as a proxy for flow volume) and percentage of mud in the beds (as a relative estimate for that in the flows). The degree of confinement experienced by the flows was assessed semi‐quantitatively by dividing the flow efficiency by the maximum preserved basin dimension. It is found that: (i) degree of confinement (efficiency divided by maximum preserved basin dimension) influences individual bed geometry, highly confined flows having a higher tabularity (smaller thinning rate); (ii) in highly confined settings, individual beds stack vertically, whereas in unconfined systems, they stack compensationally; (iii) highly confined or high efficiency flows have higher tabularity (smaller thinning rate), which implies that truly sheet‐like systems are only developed in highly confined and high efficiency systems. The generic model of architecture of submarine lobes and turbidite sheet systems, as a function of flow efficiency and degree of confinement, could be applied widely to sheet‐like systems both at outcrop and in the subsurface.
Different Alternatives of Subjective Well‐Being: A Gender Analysis*
Authors: Lera‐López Fernando , Ollo‐López Andrea , Sánchez‐Santos José Manuel 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivesThe objective of this article is to analyze the different roles played by key factors in individual subjective well‐being (SWB). Making a distinction between females and males, we consider the correlations of different characteristics of a healthy lifestyle, work environment, and social support with happiness in Spain.MethodsBased on a sample of 10,821 Spanish people, we applied ordered probit models and consider the possibility of common method variance.ResultsThe results show that some elements of healthy lifestyles, such as the intensity of physical activity (PA), level of self‐perceived health, and sleeping hours are positively associated with a higher level of happiness, with some differences between genders, particularly in terms of PA. We also detected significant differences between males and females in the potential associations between individual happiness and variables measuring the social support, job satisfaction, and time spent unemployed.ConclusionsThe conclusions emphasize the differences between genders in explaining individual happiness and the relevance of the healthy lifestyles, different circumstances of the labor market, and social support to account for happiness.
Pre‐registration pharmacist tutor training: a pilot study
Authors: Davison Kathryn , Bullen Kathryn , Ling Jonathan 
Published: February 2018

SummaryBackgroundThe quality and variability of pre‐registration pharmacist training has been questioned in recent years, with many trainees reporting dissatisfaction with their training experiences. A pilot training event aimed at pre‐registration tutors from all sectors of practice was developed by Health Education England North East (HEENE) in 2016 to address some of these issues, with the overall aim of developing and preparing new tutors for the role of the tutor.ContextQuantitative data were collected via questionnaires given to the participants before and after training. The questions focused on participants’ perceptions of their competence as a tutor across a range of domains, such as assessing trainee progress in the workplace, providing feedback and reflective practice. Interviews were subsequently held with a subset of participants to help understand the key themes and responses.InnovationResults were overwhelmingly positive, with participants reporting an increased level of confidence in their role, having made positive changes to their practice as a tutor. The only domain that did not show a positive shift after training was ‘undertaking of reflective practice’. Participants attributed this to the lack of protected time in the workplace to support reflective practice.The quality and variability of pre‐registration pharmacist training has been questioned in recent yearsImplicationsResults from this evaluation imply that this tutor training event was felt to be worthwhile, met the needs that it was developed to address and has the potential to have a positive impact on the standardisation of pharmacist pre‐registration tutor training nationally. Areas for improvement centre on external factors relevant to pharmacists’ daily practice, such as being allocated time in (or outside of) the workplace to support personal development.
A map‐algebra‐based method for automatic change detection and spatial data updating across multiple scales
Authors: Yang Min , Ai Tinghua , Yan Xiongfeng , Chen Yuanyuan , Zhang Xiang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe availability of geospatial data has increased significantly over recent decades. As a result, the question of how to update spatial data across different scales has become an attractive topic. One promising strategy is to use an updated larger‐scale dataset as a reference for detecting and updating changed objects represented in a to‐be‐updated smaller‐scale dataset. For such an update method, an understanding of the different types of changes that can occur is crucial. Using polygonal building data as an example, this study examines the various possible changes from different perspectives, such as the reasons for their occurrence, the forms in which they manifest, and their effects on output. Then, we apply map algebra theory to establish a cartographic model for updating polygonal building data. Supported by concepts of map algebra, an update procedure involving change detection, filtering, and fusion is implemented through a series of set operations. In addition to traditional polygon overlay functions, the constrained Delaunay triangulation model and knowledge of map generalization procedures are employed to construct set operations. The proposed method has been validated through tests using real‐world data. The experimental results show that our method is effective for updating 1:10k map data using 1:2k map data.
The Economics of a Four-Day School Week: Community and Business Leaders’ Perspectives
Authors: Turner Jon Scott , Finch Kim , Uribe-Zarain Ximena 
Published: February 2018

The four-day school week is a concept that has been utilized in rural schools in the United States for decades and the number of schools moving to the four-day school week is growing. In many rural communities, the school district is the largest regional employer which provides a region with permanent, high paying jobs that support the local economy. This study collects data from 71 community and business leaders in three rural school districts that have transitioned to the four-day school week within the last year. Quantitative statistical analysis is used to investigate the perceptions of community and business leaders related to the economic impact upon their businesses and the community and the impact the four-day school week has had upon perception of quality of the school district. Significant differences were identified between community/business leaders that currently have no children in school as compared to community/business leaders with children currently enrolled in four-day school week schools. Overall, community/business leaders were evenly divided concerning the economic impact on their businesses and the community. Community/business leaders’ perceptions of the impact the four-day school week was also evenly divided concerning the impact on the quality of the school district. Slightly more negative opinions were identified related to the economic impact on the profitability of their personal businesses which may impact considerations by school leaders. Overall, community/business leaders were evenly divided when asked if they would prefer their school district return to the traditional five-day week school calendar.
Effects of fetal hypothyroidism on uterine smooth muscle contraction and structure of offspring rats
Authors: Bagheripuor Fatemeh , Ghanbari Mahboubeh , Piryaei Abbas , Ghasemi Asghar 
Published: February 2018

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Does fetal hypothyroidism in rats alter uterine contractions and structure in the adult offspring?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Our study indicated that maternal hypothyroidism during pregnancy increased gestational length and decreased litter size. In addition, maternal hypothyroidism caused delayed puberty onset, irregular uterine contractions and histological changes in the uterus in the female offspring. This model might contribute to a better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in uterine contractions in fetal hypothyroidism, studies which are not possible in humans, and might help to establish therapeutic methods for these disorders observed in uterine contractions.

AbstractThyroid hormones play an essential role in fetal growth. Hypothyroidism impairs reproductive function in both humans and animals. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of fetal hypothyroidism on uterine smooth muscle contraction and structure in the adult offspring. The control group of female Wistar rats consumed tap water, whereas the hypothyroid group received water containing 0.025% of 6‐propyl‐2‐thiouracial throughout gestation from mating until delivery. Isometric contractility and histological changes in uterine tissue were evaluated in the adult female offspring. We tested the effects of carbachol (10−10–10−3 m) and oxytocin (10−13–10−8 m) on uterine smooth muscle contraction in the fetal hypothyroid (FH) and control groups. Compared with control uteri, carbachol induced contractions with lower amplitude in the FH group (area under the curve: 1820.0 ± 250.0 versus 1370.0 ± 125.0 a.u., control versus FH group, respectively, P < 0.001) and frequency (86.4 ± 7.3 versus 37.0 ± 6.1 a.u., P < 0.001). Likewise, after exposure to oxytocin the amplitude (6614.0 ± 492.2 versus 4793.0 ± 735.2 a.u., P < 0.001) and frequency (367.4 ± 32.0 versus 167.0 ± 39.0 a.u., P < 0.001) of uterine contractions in the FH group were significantly lower than in the control group. In addition, the thickness of the endometrium and smooth muscle layer and the cross‐sectional area of the uterus were also significantly lower in the FH group. Gestational length was longer and litter size smaller in FH rats compared with control animals; FH offspring also had delayed puberty. In conclusion, thyroid hormone deficiency during pregnancy increased gestational length and decreased litter size; in the offspring, it delayed puberty onset, reduced uterine rhythmic contractions and resulted in uterine structural changes.
Center of Pressure and Perceived Stability in Basketball Shoes With Soft and Hard Midsoles
Authors: Leong Hin Fong , Lam Wing-Kai , Ng Wei Xuan , Kong Pui Wah 
Published: February 2018

This study aimed to investigate the effects of varying midsole hardness on center of pressure (COP) and perceived stability during basketball-specific tasks, as well as the correlation between COP and perception measurements. A total of 20 male basketball players performed 45° cutting and layup while wearing basketball shoes with soft and hard midsoles. COP trajectories were obtained from the Pedar insole system. Stability perceptions at the forefoot and rearfoot were assessed using 150-mm visual analogue scales. Results indicated greater COP mediolateral deviations in soft midsole compared with hard midsole during layup (soft: 16.6 [4.7] mm, hard: 15.8 [4.6] mm, P = .03) but not 45° cutting (soft: 15.7 [5.9] mm, hard: 15.8 [5.6] mm, P = .60). While 16 out of 20 participants preferred soft midsole, no significant difference in visual analogue scale ratings was found between shoes for both tested movements. There was no significant correlation between COP and perceived stability during layup or 45° cutting. In conclusion, midsole hardness of basketball shoes did not consistently affect mediolateral stability of the foot during 45° cutting and layup. Subjective perception alone cannot be used to indicate mediolateral deviation of the foot when executing basketball-specific maneuvers.