bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Advanced Technique for Simultaneous in Situ Inspection of Multiple Metallic Tubulars
Authors: Yu Yanxiang , Redfield William , Boggs Nicholas , Qin Kuang , Rourke Marvin , Olson Jeff , Ejike Mosunmola 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
A new pulsed eddy current (PEC) - electromagnetic (EM) based tool called the enhanced Pipe-thickness Detection Tool (ePDT) has been introduced for multiple pipes’ corrosion inspection. The tool can measure the metal wall thickness of five concentric pipes with the maximum outer diameter (OD) up to 26". This capability and ePDT's unique configuration provide the most advanced downhole solution for tubular evaluations of production, injector and gas/oil storage wells. The ePDT features a 2" (51mm) OD with ratings of 350°F (175°C) and 20,000 psi (138Mpa).
The innovative sensor of ePDT incorporates: (1) A fractal transmitter (TX) coil array that improves the tool's performances with enhanced signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) covering a wide signal dynamic range, and adaptability for various logging speeds and spatial resolutions for varying pipes; (2) A synthetic aperture of the receiver (RX) coil array for noise compensation from extraneous tool motion; (3) A wide-spatial aperture RX coil array which when combined with (1) and (2) allows for compressing the inner pipe remnant magnetization interferences without sacrificing spatial resolution; (4) A "shallow" measuring transducer to detect EM properties for logging data corrections.
The results from lab tests and field trials combined with simulation indicate that the ePDT can quantitatively measure 5 pipes from 2-7/8" as the smallest tubing to the maximum outer casing with the OD of 26". In addition, the logging speed can be significantly increased compared to previous generation tools.
Evolution of Bacchus Subsea Well Interventions Using Rig and Light Well Intervention Vessels
Authors: Farquhar Rodney , Rodriguez Joel , MacPherson Robert 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
A suite of subsea intervention case histories at the Bacchus oil field in the North Sea will demonstrate how one operator matured intervention planning to address well entry challenges using learnings gained over the course of successive jobs. This contributed to better management and mitigation of potential risks leading to slickline performance improvement for gas lift valve reconfiguration, the successful deployment of coiled tubing to clean out asphaltene deposits in a live subsea oil well from a monohull vessel and setting of a retrofit gas lift straddle to optimize and secure production. The paper outlines intervention asset selection, work programme development and risk mitigation measures related to subsea tree valve function issues and loss of full bore access caused by asphaltene and wax deposits. Light well intervention vessel and mobile rig operations using deployment methods including slickline, digital slickline, electric line and coiled tubing are described. The role of production technology work undertaken to better understand the nature of organic deposits in the wells and how that contributed to anticipating well access risks and inform intervention planning will be highlighted. These real field examples add to the knowledge base of well services and production technology challenges faced during subsea well intervention and highlights approaches to overcome them.
Coil Tubing Drillout Efficiency Gains Utilizing Dissolvable Plug Technology
Authors: Hutabarat Diana , Ray John , Frazier Chad , Haines Andrew 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In unconventional plays, the majority of horizontal well completions employ Plug and Perf methods using frac plugs to isolate multistage stimulation treatments. The post-stimulation operation typically consists of drilling out the plugs with coil tubing and commingling all frac stages. This operation can be costly and adds risk to the completion. Frac plug drill-ability and debris mitigation is a key factor in drill out efficiency. Recent advancements of dissolvable frac plug technologies have reduced or eliminated drill-outs and the cost of coil tubing intervention. This paper examines the effectiveness of dissolvable plug technology and its effect on drill-out operations.
The implementation of dissolvable frac plugs in full laterals was evaluated by several measures. Can the dissolvable plugs be milled if not fully dissolved? Does the dissolvable plug completely dissolve leaving a clean wellbore? Is there a time and cost benefit of cleaning a wellbore with 100% dissolvable plugs versus of a conventional, composite plug lateral? In an effort to evaluate dissolvables versus conventional composites, two trial wells were selected with the same stage count and lateral length. In one wellbore composite plugs were utilized throughout the entire lateral; in the second well, only dissolvable plugs were used. Both wells were drilled out using coiled tubing and the same BHA configuration. After the drill-outs, the total time in the well was compared to determine a time and cost savings.
The result of the trial proved that dissolvable plugs reduced drill-out times for each plug and reduced the total amount of coil tubing operations needed. A notable cost reduction and efficiencies were observed for thecoil tubing clean out operation due to high record-footage drill-out from surface to TD (Total Depth), and an efficiency gain during execution to bring the wells on to production. The dissolvable trial well showed the ability to eliminate short trips and minimize pumping sweeps, gels, and chemicals to clean out the hole. Use of the dissolvable plugs also resulted in quicker run-in hole times between each plug.
Coil tubing intervention is a legacy cost of Plug and Perf completions. Early frac plug technology required extensive drillout, and many plug design innovations have been directed at reducing the coil tubing cost. The advancement of dissolvable plugs presents the opportunity to reduce or eliminate drillout intervention. Perhaps an even greater benefit will be enabling the design of longer lateral completions that are not constrained by the limited reach of coil tubing.
Coiled Tubing and Sour Service – Are We There Yet?
Authors: Padron Tomas 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Research and field experience have given technical bases to accept the use of CT80, 90, and 100 coiled tubing (CT) for sour service, including their limitations. New higher strength Grades are now available (CT110 to CT140), but there is not enough awareness about potential issues, suitability, and boundaries regarding their use in H2S environments. This paper presents the potential issues and indicates the aspects that should be considered for the qualification of new CT Grades.
This paper gathered research data from the review of technical publications related to CT and sour service since 1982, and also included field experiences regarding the use of CT in wells containing H2S, in order to establish the potential problems of working with CT in sour environments, and define what should be considered for the qualification of the new CT Grades available in the market, including the testing options that will cover the aspects needed for that qualification.
The analysis of the information allowed establishing that the potential problems of using CT in sour service include the reduction of fatigue life available and different forms of H2S cracking. Considering this, it was established that the aspects that should be included for qualifying a CT Grade for sour service are: sour fatigue performance for pipe and bias weld, boundaries limits regarding H2S partial pressure, and finally the effectiveness of anti-cracking inhibitors for protecting the pipe against H2S cracking. The testing options proposed include bending fatigue testing of CT samples after being exposed to H2S, and small scale samples NACE TM0177 testing (Methods A, B, or C).
More awareness about potential issues of using high strength CT Grades in sour service is required, and also there is no formal industry guidelines regarding their qualification for sour service. This paper summarizes the potential problems that can occur from the exposure of CT to H2S (lab data and field failures examples) and establish what should be considered for the qualification of a CT Grade to be used in sour service, including the testing options.
Modern Mashrabiyas with High-tech Daylight Responsive Systems
Authors: El Semary Yasmin M. , Attalla Hany , Gawad Iman 
Published: March 2019

The environmental and social role of closed oriental balconies (Mashrabiyas) remains a significant vernacular aspect of Middle Eastern architecture. However, nowadays this traditional Islamic window element with its characteristic latticework is used to cover entire buildings as an oriental ornament, providing local identity and a sun-shading device for cooling. In fact, designers have reinvented this vernacular Islamic wooden structure into high-tech responsive daylight systems – often on a massive scale and using computer technology – not only to cover tall buildings as an oriental ornament, but also as a major responsive daylight system.It is possible to use the traditional architectural Islamic elements of the Middle East for problem solving design solutions in present-day architecture. The potential for achieving these solutions lies in the effective combination of the design concepts of the traditional elements with new smart materials and technologies. Hence, modern mashrabiyas could be a major responsive daylight system. Contextual information drawn from relevant theory, ethnography and practice is used to form a methodological framework for the modern mashrabiyas with high-tech responsive daylight systems. The main results set boundaries for the viability of computer technology to produce mashrabiyas and promote a sustainable way of reviving their use within Middle Eastern buildings.
Vision and Methodology to Support Sustainable Architecture Through Building Technology in The Digital Era
Authors: Shahda Merhan Mohammed M. 
Published: March 2019

The last decades have witnessed countless, progressive, rapid advances in the field
of Building Technology, which has a strong impact on construction industry.
Consequently, employing these techniques to support Sustainable Architecture has become a pivotal issue. Since architecture is a product of the available Technology Era, hence building technology could be a contributing factor to reinforce Sustainable Architecture, where it could promote raising the efficiency of the environmental performance of the architectural product. This paper introduces a methodological framework to support Sustainable Architecture through Building Technology in The Digital Era through an analytical study of the interactions between Building Technology and Sustainable Architecture. In addition, analyzing the influence of technological revolution in the Digital Era on axes of Building Technology (implementation methods, construction systems, construction materials) from the sustainability perspective so as to conserve natural resources for future generations.
اشكالیة المسكن المستدام في مكة بین الاحتیاج والھویة
Authors: أبوليله محمد محمد شوقي , سامي خالد محمود , سلامة صالح فاروق 
Published: March 2019

یعتبر المسكن أحد ضروریات الحیاة فالسكن یؤمن للفرد والأسرة الاستقرار والمناخ المناسب الذي یمكنھا من الإنتاج والتواصل مع المجتمع والشعور بالانتماء والاستعداد للمشاركة .لذلك جاء السكن في المرتبة الثالثة للضروریات المادیة الأساسیة للإنسان بعد الطعام، والماء، والصحة، وتعد أزمة الإسكان وتوفیر المسكن الملائم في مدن المملكة العربیة السعودیة بشكل عام وفي مكة المكرمة والمنطقة الغربیة بشكل خاص من أھم الأولویات واھتمامات حكومة المملكة العربیة السعودیة، حیث یشكل قطاع الإسكان والعمران أحد أھم روافد التنمیة الحضاریة التي یعول علیھا في تحسین الظروف المعیشیة للسكان وتوفیر الخدمات الأساسیة للمواطنین .كما یعد أحد القطاعات الاقتصادیة المھمة التي تساھم في زیادة نمو الاقتصاد الوطني بشكل مباشر.
إن الحصول على مسكن مناسب یلبي احتیاجات الأسرة أصبح من الصعوبة بمكان، نظرا للارتفاع المتسارع في أسعار الأراضي، إضافة إلى الاھتمام بالجانب الاقتصادي وتحقیق عائد سریع دون مراعاة الاحتیاجات الإنسانیة لمستخدمي المسكن، وغالبا تكون المشكلة في عدم ملائمة أسالیب تقسیمات الأراضي للظروف البیئیة والاجتماعیة والاقتصادیة، وعدم اختیار مواد البناء المناسبة التي تتحمل الظروف البیئیة الصعبة والإصرار على استخدام مواد لا تتناسب مع البیئة المحلیة على الرغم من تكلفتھا المرتفعة، وتھدف الدراسة إلى إیجاد مقترح لحلول ونماذج سكنیة ترضي احتیاجات المجتمع السعودي من حیث الكفاءة الوظیفیة والاحتیاج الفعلي وبما یحقق معاییر استدامة المسكن في إطار من الحفاظ على الھویة الثقافیة والتراثیة والمعماریة، كما تھدف الدراسة إلى التعرف على الخصائص الحالیة للمساكن والبیئة السكنیة وآراء السكان حولھا وذلك في منطقة مكة المكرمة كدراسة للحالة لما تشھده من توسعات في المنطقة المركزیة والتي أثرت بشكل كبیر على الاحتیاج إلى السكن نتیجة إزالة العدید من المساكن في منطقة الحرم المكي الشریف.
Amino Acid Metabolism in Dairy Cows and their Regulation in Milk Synthesis
Authors: Wang Feiran , Shi Haitao , Wang Shuxiang , Wang Yajing , Cao Zhijun , Li Shengli 
Published: March 2019

Background:Reducing dietary Crude Protein (CP) and supplementing with certain Amino Acids (AAs) has been known as a potential solution to improve Nitrogen (N) efficiency in dairy production. Thus understanding how AAs are utilized in various sites along the gut is critical.Objective:AA flow from the intestine to Portal-drained Viscera (PDV) and liver then to the mammary gland was elaborated in this article. Recoveries in individual AA in PDV and liver seem to share similar AA pattern with input: output ratio in mammary gland, which subdivides essential AA (EAA) into two groups, Lysine (Lys) and Branchedchain AA (BCAA) in group 1, input: output ratio > 1; Methionine (Met), Histidine (His), Phenylalanine (Phe) etc. in group 2, input: output ratio close to 1. AAs in the mammary gland are either utilized for milk protein synthesis or retained as body tissue, or catabolized. The fractional removal of AAs and the number and activity of AA transporters together contribute to the ability of AAs going through mammary cells. Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is closely related to milk protein synthesis and provides alternatives for AA regulation of milk protein synthesis, which connects AA with lactose synthesis via α-lactalbumin (gene: LALBA) and links with milk fat synthesis via Sterol Regulatory Element-binding Transcription Protein 1 (SREBP1) and Peroxisome Proliferatoractivated Receptor (PPAR).Conclusion:Overall, AA flow across various tissues reveals AA metabolism and utilization in dairy cows on one hand. While the function of AA in the biosynthesis of milk protein, fat and lactose at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional level from another angle provides the possibility for us to regulate them for higher efficiency.
Development and Validation of an LC-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Determination of Canagliflozin and Metformin HCl in Rat Plasma and its Application
Authors: Nalawade Vivek , Dixit Vaibhav A. , Vora Amisha , Zade Himashu 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Food and herbal extracts rich in Quercetin (QRT) are often self-medicated by
diabetics and can potentially alter the pharmacokinetics (PK) of Metformin HCl (MET) and Canagliflozin
(CNG) leading to food or herb-drug interactions and reduced therapeutic efficacy. However, the
impact of these flavonoids on the pharmacokinetic behaviour of MET and CNG is mostly unknown.

Methods:
A simple one-step protein precipitation method was developed for the determination of MET
and CNG from rat plasma. The mobile phase chosen was MeOH 65% and 35% water containing 0.1%
formic acid at a flow rate of 1mL/min.

Results:
The retention time of MET, internal standard (Valsartan) and CNG was 1.83, 6.2 and 8.2 min,
respectively. The method was found to be linear in the range of 200 - 8000 ng/mL for CNG and 100 =
4000 ng/ml for MET. Precision and accuracy of the method were below 20% at LLOQ and below 15%
for LQC, MQC, and HQC.

Conclusion:
The method was successfully applied for the determination of PK of MET and CNG by
using 100 μL of rat plasma. QRT co-administration affects the PK parameters of MET and CNG. This
alteration in PK parameters might be of significant use for clinicians and patients.
Design and Synthesis of WM5 Analogues as HIV-1 TAR RNA Binders
Authors: Desantis Jenny , Massari Serena , Sosic Alice , Manfroni Giuseppe , Cannalire Rolando , Felicetti Tommaso , Pannecouque Christophe , Gatto Barbara , Tabarrini Oriana 
Published: March 2019

Background:
The 6-aminoquinolone WM5, previously identified by us, is among the most selective small molecules known as TAR RNA binders to show anti-HIV activity.

Methods:
Starting from WM5, a series of analogues modified at N-1, C-6 or C-7 position was prepared by inserting guanidine or amidine groups as well as other protonable moieties intended to electrostatically bind the phosphate backbone of TAR. All the compounds were tested for their ability to inhibit HIV-1 replication in MT-4 cells and in parallel for their cytotoxicity. The active compounds were also evaluated for their ability to interfere with the formation of the Tat-TAR complex using a Fluorescence Quenching Assay (FQA).

Results:
Some of the synthesized compounds showed an anti-HIV-1 activity in the sub-micromolar range with the naphthyridone derivatives being the most potent. Three of the synthesized derivatives were able to interact with the Tat-TAR complex formation presenting Ki values improved as compared to the values obtained with WM5.

Conclusion:
The addition of a pyridine-based protonable side chain at the N-1 position of the quinolone/naphthyridone core imparted to the compounds the ability to interfere with Tat-TAR complex formation and HIV-1 replication.
False-Positive Diagnostics of Bordetella Pertussis using IS481 PCR is Limited in Danish Patients
Authors: Hoegh Silje V. , Agergaard Charlotte N. , Skov Marianne N. , Kemp Michael 
Published: March 2019

Background:Bordetella pertussisis routinely detected using real-time PCR based on the multicopy insertion sequence IS481, which is not specific forBordetella pertussis.Objective:The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the proportion of otherBordetellaspecies misidentified asBordetella pertussisusing IS481-targeted real-time PCR.Methods:Clinical specimens from 228 Danish patients (median age 15 years, 0 to 90 years old) formerly identified as positive forBordetella pertussis(IS481+) by routine PCR in 2011-2015, were subjected to real-time PCR targeting the insertion sequences IS1002and IS1001.Results:The results showed that 2.3% of the samples were false-positive forBordetella pertussis.Conclusion:In conclusion, we found that misidentification ofBordetella pertussisusing IS481PCR is limited in Danish patients.
Prevalence of Self-medication and its Influence in the Labor Force in Rural Hlaing Tharyar, Yangon, Myanmar
Authors: Thuzar Moe , Aung Pyae Linn 
Published: March 2019

Background:
As self-medication is becoming the most familiar and preferred type of medical care in developing countries, this study was designed to measure the prevalence of self-medication and its influence on the labor force in rural areas of Hlaing Tharyar Township, Yangon, Myanmar.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study using structured questionnaires was conducted among 250 laborers during April 2015.

Results:
The prevalence of self-medication among the labor force was (89.2%) in which 64.0% had poor knowledge, 56.8% had poor perception, and 68.8% received poor social support for self-medication practices. A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that three variables influenced self-medication practices: (1) decision-making role for the treatment of illness (odds ratio [OR] = 3.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.7–12.38); (2) poor perception (OR = 5.33, 95% CI = 1.66–17.08); and (3) poor social support (OR = 4.86, 95% CI = 1.61–14.63).

Conclusion:
These findings indicate the need for health education intervention and behavior change communication training for promoting rational drug use among this rural labor force.
A Simple Genetic Algorithm for Optimizing Multiple Sequence Alignment on the Spread of the SARS Epidemic
Authors: Amiroch Siti , Pradana M. Syaiful , Irawan M. Isa , Mukhlash Imam 
Published: March 2019

Background:Multiple sequence alignment is a method of getting genomic relationships between 3 sequences or more. In multiple alignments, there are 3 mutation network analyses, namely topological network system, mutation region network and network system of mutation mode. In general, the three analyses show stable and unstable regions that map mutation regions. This area of ​​mutation is described further in a phylogenetic tree which simultaneously illustrates the path of the spread of an epidemic, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) epidemic. The process of spreading the SARS viruses, in this case, is described as the process of phylogenetic tree formation, and as a novelty of this research, multiple alignments in the process are analyzed in detail and then optimized with genetic algorithms.Methods:The data used to form the phylogenetic tree for the spread of the SARS epidemic are 14 DNA sequences which are then optimized by using genetic algorithms. The phylogenetic tree is constructed by using the neighbor-joining algorithm with a distance matrix that the intended distance is the genetic distance obtained from sequence alignment by using the Needleman Wunsch Algorithm.Results & Conclusion:The results of the analysis obtained 3649 stable areas and 19 unstable areas. The results of phylogenetic tree from the network system analysis indicated that the spread of the SARS epidemic extended from Guangzhou 16/12/02 to Zhongshan 27/12/02, then spread simultaneously to Guangzhou 18/02/03 and Guangzhou hospital. After that, the virus reached Metropole, Zhongshan, Hongkong, Singapore, Taiwan, Hong kong, and Hanoi which then continued to Guangzhou 01/01/03 and Toronto at once. The results of the mutation region network system demonstrate decomposition of orthogonal mutations in the 1st order arc.
Fabrication of a Novel Electrospun Polyacrylonitrile/Giant Ball {Mo132} Composite Nanofibrous Mats in Adsorption of 2-CEES
Authors: Haddad Reza , Telgerd Mehdi Dusti , Hadi Hojjatalla , Sadeghinia Mohammad 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Polyacrylonitrile/Mo132 composite nanofibers mats was synthesized by an
electrospinning technique using PAN and giant ball nano-polyoxomolybdateMo132. The nanocluster
Mo132 was mixed with PAN solution and then electrospun to produce bead-free nanofibers. The
aim of this study is to evaluate the adsorption ability of electrospun composite nanofibers against sulfur
mustard stimulants and assess the possibility of using the electrospun nanofibers as protective
membranes in chemical masks and warfare clothing. Adsorption of sulfur mustard stimulants was investigated
on the surface of PAN nanofibers embedded with keplerate nano-polyoxomolybdate.

Methods:
In order to study the 2-CEES adsorption ability, the prepared PAN/Mo132 nanofibers
composite was further prepared and exposed to 2-CEES solution. The surface morphology and other
properties of the PAN/Mo132 nanofibers composite were characterized by various techniques, including
SEM, TEM, FT-IR, UV-Vis. SEM images which showed that the average diameter of the fibers
was found to be between 100-120 nm.

Results:
The adsorption efficiency of PAN/Mo132 composite in adsorption of 2-CEES was obtained
89% after 7h at room temperature. The results showed that composite nanofibers
PAN/Mo132 will have a good ability as protective clothing and chemical masks against chemical
warfare agents.

Conclusion:
PAN/Mo132 nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning method. The leaching of
Mo132 from the nanofibers was not observed, meaning that the catalyst had excellent stability and
could be used as a heterogeneous structure against the adsorption of sulfur mustard stimulant at room
temperature. This composite nanofibers membrane exhibited good performance to adsorb 2-CEES in
comparison with pure PAN. The adsorption rate of 2-CEES increases with increasing the amount of
Mo132 embedded in the PAN nanofibers.