bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discovering Differences and Similarities among Species Based on Numeric Features of microRNAs
Authors: Zhu Rongsheng , Zhang Zhanguo , Xin Dawei , Li Yang , Chen Qingshan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNumeric features of microRNA (miRNA) are different from the other RNAs and play a key role in the course of miRNA recognition. Are there significant differences about such numeric features between different species? Are there some species specific about it? In order to answer questions, we implemented the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for 32 species based on 132 numeric features of miRNAs. Results demonstrate that almost all kinds of miRNA secondary structures matching frequencies show highly similar, and this means that such secondary structure tend to be specific to miRNAs. Length of pre-miRNA, minimal free energy (MFE), and number of stacks show bigger difference between different species, and this means that such features tend to be species-specific. In order to discover differences and similarities among species based on numeric features of miRNAs, we design two tools-species difference map and feature difference map. By species difference map, we find that numeric features of miRNAs can represent class attribute of species and the map basically describe relationship between different species. By feature difference map, we find that there are huge difference about difference of every numeric feature between different species, and this means that strength of such difference is not uniform. Meantime, it means that numeric feature of miRNAs can represent different attributes of corresponding species. Our study present relationship between different species by brand new style-numeric features of miRNAs.
The emerging importance of risk management and enterprise risk management strategies in the Indian hospitality industry
Authors: Vij Madhu 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the outlook for risk management and enterprise risk management (ERM) within the hospitality sector including how ERM is being balanced with the need to innovate, and what boards of directors are doing to become more engaged in risk oversight. The implementation of ERM is about taking a strategic view of risk and linking it to business goals and value creation.

Design/methodology/approach
An interviewer-administered survey was used to collect data from 33 senior risk professionals and other industry experts who had a clear understanding of both risk management and ERM. A structured and semi-structured questionnaire consisting of three sections was personally administered to 33 respondents in 2018 to collect information from risk professionals and other industry experts.

Findings
It is important to create a culture of risk awareness and to incorporate risk planning into business decisions. The complexity of modern business necessitates that managers in the hospitality sector have greater skill levels than ever before. This research should help hospitality managers to better understand the core risks and link them to strategy. ERM creates an environment where the organization as a whole can support the value creation process with a sharper focus on risk management.

Practical implications
The growing role of technology along with human connections is shaping the hospitality sector and redefining the travel ecosystem. Future travel experiences are likely to be influenced by a blend of technology and human experiences. Many Indian companies are applying the traditional risk management model in their businesses, while ERM is their future goal. The evolution from a traditional risk management model to ERM is challenging, and so it is important to have an appropriate framework in place for its implementation.

Originality/value
Hospitality managers need to know how to proactively manage risk management and ERM as the sector is increasingly vulnerable to internal risks. ERM creates a direct linkage between risks and opportunities required for decision-making in a dynamic environment. With growing competition on a global level, the hospitality industry should aim to manage risks strategically to increase the likelihood that organizational objectives can be achieved.
Influence of loading conditions on wear behaviour of H11 tool steel
Authors: Joshy Sam , K.R. Jayadevan , A. Ramesh , D. Mahipal 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
In hot forging, a significant amount of forging force is used for overcoming frictional force at the die-billet interface. The high frictional force along with thermomechanical stress lead to wear, plastic deformation, mechanical fatigue and cracks, which reduce the service life of hot forging dies. Of all these different types of issues, wear is the predominant mode of failure in hot forging dies. This paper aims to describe mechanisms of wear transition in different loads at near forging temperature, occurring during sliding of chromium-based H11 tool steel specimens.

Design/methodology/approach
High temperature pin-on-disc tests are performed with pin specimens machined from bars of X38CrMoV5 steel, heat treated to surface hardness of 40-42 HRc. The disc is made of EN 31 steel with hardness of 60-62 HRc. Tests are performed at constant temperature of 500°C, and the normal load was varied from 20 to 70 N.

Findings
Scanning electron microscopy investigations on worn surface have revealed that wear is primarily due to abrasion and plastic deformation. The test results show an increasing trend in wear rate with increase in load up to 30 N, followed by a reversal in trend until 50 N. This transition in wear rate is caused by development of wear resistant layers, which are formed by compaction of wear debris particles on to the worn surfaces. These compact layers are found to be stable during load range from 40 and 50 N. However, with further increase in load, abrasive wear tracks are observed without any evidence of protective layers. As a result, there is an increase in wear rate with increase in loads above 50 N. In addition, plastic shearing was dominant over abrasive wear at this load regime.

Originality/value
The study on wear behaviour of H11 hot forging steel at 20 to 70 N will be an input to the research in hot forming industries.
A nonlinear approach to the U.S.–Australia commodity trade and the J‐curve: Evidence from 123 industries
Authors: Bahmani‐Oskooee Mohsen , Harvey Hanafiah 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe application of nonlinear models and asymmetric analysis have recently proven to yield results that are superior to those of the linear and symmetric analysis. However, the new approaches in testing the J‐curve between Australia and the rest of the world or between Australia and her trading partners such as the United States did not yield any significant outcomes. Suspecting that those results suffer from aggregation bias, we apply new methods to the trade flows of 123 industries that trade between the United States and Australia and give evidence of an asymmetric J‐curve in 28 industries. Furthermore, we find short‐run asymmetric effects of exchange rate changes on the trade balance of almost all studies, short‐run impact asymmetric effects in 27 industries and significant long‐run asymmetric effects in 56 industries. Our findings are industry‐specific.
Culture, Race, and Health: Implications for Racial Inequities and Population Health
Authors: COGBURN COURTNEY D. 
Published: September 2019

Policy Points
Racism is a fundamental cause of health inequities and disease, which requires policy solutions that address this cause directly rather than only targeting mechanisms.
Cultural systems, such as cultural racism, undergird the social conditions that shape racial inequities in health, including social and health policy decision making, governance, practice, and public reception.
Policies targeting racial health equity benefit from integrating social theory and meaningful assessments of the social context concerning race, racism, and health.
ContextImproving the health of the total population may be insufficient in eliminating racial disparities in population health. An expanding commitment to understanding social determinants of health aims to address the social conditions that produce racialized patterns in health inequity. There is also a resurging and evolving interest in the influence of cultural barriers and assets in shaping racial inequities in health. The meaning and function of culture, however, remains underspecified.MethodsThis paper synthesizes analogous but fragmented concepts of cultural threat related to social and racial inequity as examined in public and population health, psychology, sociology, communications, media studies, and law. It draws on an existing typology of culture and social inequity to organize concepts related to cultural racism. Employing a transdisciplinary approach, the paper integrates multiple scholarly perspectives on cultural threat to frame cultural racism as cultural systems that promote false presumptions of white superiority relative to non‐whites.FindingsThe lack of shared conceptual grounding and language regarding cultural threats to health hinders a more precise identification and measurement of cultural processes as well as comparisons of relative prevalence and influence of pathways linking cultural processes and social inequity. Evaluating intersections among culture, structures, and racism is a valuable analytical tool for understanding the production of social and racial inequities in health. To adequately address health inequities rooted in systemic racism, it is imperative to discuss the function of cultural racism in shaping population health in the United States.ConclusionsBuilding a culture of health and achieving health equity requires that we assess cultural racism in a more meaningful way. Cultural processes are commonly referenced in health inequity scholarship, but the empirical literature generally lags behind the conceptual emphasis. A rich literature across disciplines has substantively engaged conceptualizations of culture and cultural processes, the importance of these processes as part of a system of racism, and mechanisms that may link cultural threats to health. When integrated, this literature offers essential insights for ways population health may address the complex issue of eradicating racial disparities in health.
Development of an innovative apparatus using UV‐C for controlling the number of microorganisms in raw milk after milking
Authors: Makarapong David , Tantayanon Supawan , Gowanit Chupun , Inchaisri Chaidate 
Published: September 2019

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of UV‐C irradiation on the reduction of microorganisms in raw milk. The experiments were carried out by varying the flow rates of 2, 4 and 7 L/min with 39W and 48W UV‐C. The number of microorganisms was reduced by 4.70 (39W) and 4.60 log10 CFU/mL (48W) at 120 min. With the residence time of 4.95 s and the UV‐C doses of 98 and 109.9 mJ/cm2 at 253.74 nm, the reduction of microorganism was clearly observed with no significant influence of different UV‐C power settings on the oxidation of milk fat.
The high prevalence and impact of rheumatic heart disease in pregnancy in First Nations populations in a high‐income setting: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Sullivan EA , Vaughan G , Li Z , Peek MJ , Carapetis JR , Walsh W , Frawley J , Rémond MGW , Remenyi B , Jackson Pulver L , Kruske S , Belton S , McLintock C 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveTo describe the epidemiology of rheumatic heart disease (RHD) in pregnancy in Australia and New Zealand (A&NZ).DesignProspective population‐based study.SettingHospital‐based maternity units throughout A&NZ.PopulationPregnant women with RHD with a birth outcome of ≥20 weeks of gestation between January 2013 and December 2014.MethodsWe identified eligible women using the Australasian Maternity Outcomes Surveillance System (AMOSS). De‐identified antenatal, perinatal and postnatal data were collected and analysed.Main outcome measuresPrevalence of RHD in pregnancy. Perinatal morbidity and mortality.ResultsThere were 311 pregnancies associated with women with RHD (4.3/10 000 women giving birth, 95% CI 3.9–4.8). In Australia, 78% were Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander (60.4/10 000, 95% CI 50.7–70.0), while in New Zealand 90% were Māori or Pasifika (27.2/10 000, 95% CI 22.0–32.3). One woman (0.3%) died and one in ten was admitted to coronary or intensive care units postpartum. There were 314 births with seven stillbirths (22.3/1000 births) and two neonatal deaths (6.5/1000 births). Sixty‐six (21%) live‐born babies were preterm and one in three was admitted to neonatal intensive care or special care units.ConclusionRheumatic heart disease in pregnancy persists in disadvantaged First Nations populations in A&NZ. It is associated with significant cardiac and perinatal morbidity. Preconception planning and counselling and RHD screening in at‐risk pregnant women are essential for good maternal and baby outcomes.Tweetable abstractRheumatic heart disease in pregnancy persists in First Nations people in Australia and New Zealand and is associated with major cardiac and perinatal morbidity.
H.A. Hawkes—A pioneer of field ecology
Authors: Hedges Peter D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis article outlines the life and career of H.A. (Bert) Hawkes, who has been referred to as one of the founders of field ecology, due to the work he conducted in the late 1940s and 1950s, investigating the fly nuisance emanating from biological filters. Following an overview of his life, there is a focus on his core research, carried out over a period of some 50 years, on two aspects of river pollution control—the prevention of pollution by sewage biological filtration and the monitoring of river pollution by biological surveillance.
Ergometrine stability in postpartum haemorrhage kits: Does temperature and light matter?
Authors: Donnan Finbarr , Senarathna S.M.D.K. Ganga , Ware Benjamin , Rawlins Matthew D.M. , Dontham Chandrakala , Chuang Victor T.G. , Batty Kevin T. 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundPostpartum haemorrhage (PPH) kits containing uterotonics are used on obstetric units for the timely management of PPH. Visible discolouration of ergometrine and ergometrine‐oxytocin injections was observed in PPH kits stored in medical refrigerators on the obstetric unit at our hospital.AimTo investigate the stability of ergometrine and ergometrine‐oxytocin injections in PPH kits under simulated clinical storage conditions and to determine the potency of ampoules quarantined from PPH kits on our obstetric unit.Material and methodsErgometrine and ergometrine‐oxytocin injection ampoules were stored exposed to and protected from light at 4°C and room temperature (25°C) for up to three months, and assayed by high‐performance liquid chromatography. Stability was based on the time for the ergometrine or oxytocin concentration to fall to 90% of the original concentration (t90). The potency of quarantined discoloured ampoules also was determined.ResultsErgometrine was stable at both temperatures for >6 months, when stored protected from light in simulated clinical conditions. When exposed to light, ergometrine was stable for approximately 4 days at 25°C and 10 days at 4°C. Discoloured ergometrine and ergometrine‐oxytocin injection ampoules were found to be <90% of the nominal concentration.ConclusionStability of ergometrine in PPH kits is largely unaffected by temperature fluctuations (at 4°C and 25°C) over 6 months when protected from light. Ergometrine and ergometrine‐oxytocin ampoules should be inspected prior to use and any discoloured ampoules discarded.
PodCast: A rural and regional service model for podiatrist‐led total contact casting
Authors: McLean Adam , Gardner Marcus , Perrin Byron 
Published: September 2019

AbstractProblemDiabetes‐related foot disease causes significant health system costs and is a leading cause of morbidity and disproportionately affects rural populations. Total contact casts or instant total contact casts are gold standard for management of foot ulcerations resulting from diabetes‐related foot disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a podiatrist‐led casting service model within a rural and regional setting.DesignThe implementation of the service model was evaluated over a 12‐month period using a quality improvement approach, informed by multiple methods. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used.SettingAn outpatient high‐risk foot clinic and community‐based podiatry services within a large regional health service. The location was central Victoria, servicing rural communities within the Loddon Mallee region.Key measures for improvementPatient‐related data included information relating to demographics, diabetes and foot pathologies. Service‐related data included occasions of service, locations and the number and type of casts applied.Strategies for changeUpskilling podiatrists to provide the service in a safe, supportive and sustainable manner and ensuring the podiatrist‐led casting service model was sufficiently adaptable for patients to access at the rural sites.Effects of changeIncreased access to total contact casts and instant total contact casts, comparable wound healing times to other studies and the model was able to be sustained.Lessons learntPodiatrist‐led casting resulted in increased utilisation of total contact casts and instant total contact casts. The increased use of instant total contact casts in particular may help address the lack of uptake of this treatment for people with diabetes‐related foot disease, thereby improving rural health outcomes.
Anti‐tumor necrosis factor treatment increases both the Th17 and Th22 T helper subsets in spondyloarthritis
Authors: Andersen Thomas , Østgård René Drage , Aspari Maithri Prasad , Kragstrup Tue Wenzel , Glerup Henning , Jurik Anne Grethe , Johansen Claus , Hvid Malene , Deleuran Bent Winding 
Published: September 2019

The aim was to examine anti‐tumor necrosis factor α (anti‐TNFα) therapy influence changes on Th17 and Th22 cells in patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA), and its correlation with changes in clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) activity and chronicity scores. The Th17 and Th22 cells were assessed at baseline, after 12 and 52 weeks of anti‐TNFα therapy by flow cytometry (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT4682724). The percentages of both Th17 and Th22 cells were increased by 70% at baseline compared with healthy controls (both p < 0.01). During treatment, these two subsets increased further to be 170% (Th17) and 123% (Th22) above levels in healthy controls (both p < 0.01). The same subsets decrease their expression of IL‐23R significantly during the observation period (p < 0.05). High levels of Th17 and Th22 cells at baseline were associated with the degree of chronic changes in the sacroiliac joints on MRI and a good clinical response to anti‐TNFα treatment after one year. Plasma levels were not associated with clinical changes. Th17 cells, and Th22 subsets, increased during one year of anti‐TNF‐α therapy in SpA, regardless of their clinical improvement. This supports that both the Th17 and Th22 subsets could be involved in the progression in SpA.
Testing the assumptions of an indicator of unmet need for obstetric surgery in Ghana: A cross‐sectional study of linked hospital and population‐based delivery data
Authors: Cavallaro Francesca L. , Hurt Lisa S. , Cresswell Jenny A. , Edmond Karen , Amenga‐Etego Seeba , Kirkwood Betty R. , Ronsmans Carine 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe Unmet Obstetric Need (UON) indicator has been widely used to estimate unmet need for life‐saving surgery at birth; however, its assumptions have not been verified. The objective of this study was to test two UON assumptions: (a) Absolute maternal indications (AMIs) require surgery for survival and (b) 1%‐2% of deliveries develop AMIs, implying that rates of surgeries for AMIs below this threshold indicate excess mortality from these complications.MethodsWe used linked hospital and population‐based data in central Ghana. Among hospital deliveries, we calculated the percentage of deliveries with AMIs who received surgery, and mortality among AMIs who did not. At the population level, we assessed whether the percentage of deliveries with surgeries for AMIs was inversely associated with mortality from these complications, stratified by education.ResultsA total of 380 of 387 (98%) hospital deliveries with recorded AMIs received surgery; an additional eight women with no AMI diagnosis died of AMI‐related causes. Among the 50 148 deliveries in the population, surgeries for AMIs increased from 0.6% among women with no education to 1.9% among women with post‐secondary education (P < .001). However, there was no association between AMI‐related mortality and education (P = .546). Estimated AMI prevalence was 0.84% (95% CI: 0.76%‐0.92%), below the assumed 1% minimum threshold.DiscussionObstetric providers consider AMIs absolute indications for surgery. However, low rates of surgeries for AMIs among less educated women were not associated with higher mortality. The UON indicator should be used with caution in estimating the unmet need for life‐saving obstetric surgery; innovative approaches are needed to identify unmet need in the context of rising cesarean rates.
Burial and exhumation of the Hoh Xil Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau: Constraints from detrital (U‐Th)/He ages
Authors: Dai Jin‐Gen , Fox Matthew , Shuster David L. , Hourigan Jeremy , Han Xu , Li Ya‐Lin , Wang Cheng‐Shan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe uplift and associated exhumation of the Tibetan Plateau has been widely considered a key control of Cenozoic global cooling. The south‐central parts of this plateau experienced rapid exhumation during the Cretaceous–Palaeocene periods. When and how the northern part was exhumed, however, remains controversial. The Hoh Xil Basin (HXB) is the largest late Cretaceous–Cenozoic sedimentary basin in the northern part, and it preserves the archives of the exhumation history. We present detrital apatite and zircon (U‐Th)/He data from late Cretaceous–Cenozoic sedimentary rocks of the western and eastern HXB. These data, combined with regional geological constraints and interpreted with inverse and forward model of sediment deposition and burial reheating, suggest that the occurrence of ca. 4–2.7 km and ca. 4–2.3 km of vertical exhumation initiated at ca. 30–25 Ma and 40–35 Ma in the eastern and western HXB respectively. The initial differential exhumation of the eastern HXB and the western HXB might be controlled by the oblique subduction of the Qaidam block beneath the HXB. The initial exhumation timing in the northern Tibetan Plateau is younger than that in the south‐central parts. This reveals an episodic exhumation of the Tibetan Plateau compared to models of synchronous Miocene exhumation of the entire plateau and the early Eocene exhumation of the northern Tibetan Plateau shortly after the India–Asia collision. One possible mechanism to account for outward growth is crustal shortening. A simple model of uplift and exhumation would predict a maximum of 0.8 km of surface uplift after upper crustal shortening during 30–27 Ma, which is insufficient to explain the high elevations currently observed. One way to increase elevation without changing exhumation rates and to decouple uplift from upper crustal shortening is through the combined effects of continental subduction, mantle lithosphere removal and magmatic inflation.