bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Making a Difference: Toward a Feminist Democratic Theory in the Digital Age
Authors: Asenbaum Hans 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTThis essay asks how the democratic ideal of inclusion can be achieved in societies marked by power asymmetries along the lines of identity categories such as gender and race. It revisits debates of difference democracy of the 1990s, which promoted inclusion through a politics of presence of marginalized social groups. This strategy inevitably entails essentializing tendencies, confining the democratic subject within its physically embodied identity. Difference democrats did not take notice of the parallel emerging discourse on cyberfeminism exploring novel identity configurations on the Internet. This essay augments the politics of presence with digital identity reconfigurations. Neither difference democrats nor cyberfeminists distinguish between various participatory sites. Drawing on conceptions of participatory spaces from development studies and deliberative democracy, this essay generates a typology differentiating between empowered spaces such as parliaments, invited spaces such as citizens' assemblies, and the claimed spaces of social movements. The democratic functions these spaces fulfil are best facilitated by three different modes of identity performance: identity continuation, identity negation, and identity exploration. A pluralization of participatory sites and modes of identity performance facilitates inclusion while tackling the essentializing tendencies in difference democracy.
Keynes and the historical specificity of institutions: a response to Rod O'Donnell
Authors: Hodgson Geoffrey M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis is a response to the criticism by Rod O'Donnell of the account of Keynes’ notion of a general theory in the bookHow Economics Forgot History(Hodgson, 2001). Several points of full agreement are noted, including the fact that Keynes’ work contains much discussion of historically specific institutions, including the financial and market institutions of modern capitalism. But it is argued here that even copious discussion of historically specific institutions is insufficient to indicate an adequate understanding or conceptual appreciation of historical periodisation or evolution, as developed in various ways by Karl Marx, the German historical school and the original American institutionalists. Keynes’General Theoryis best understood as a theory of modern capitalism. But Keynes did not have sufficient acquaintance with these historically oriented schools of thought to even define the concept of capitalism, or to make that specific historical association clear.
First Conjugate Observations of Medium‐Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (MSTIDs) in the Europe‐Africa Longitude Sector
Authors: Martinis Carlos , Baumgardner Jeffrey , Mendillo Michael , Wroten Joei , MacDonald Timothy , Kosch Michael , Lazzarin Monica , Umbriaco Gabriele 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAll‐sky imagers located in Asiago, Italy (45.87oN, 11.53oE; 40.7o magnetic latitude) and Sutherland, South Africa (32.37oS, 20.81oE; −40.7o magnetic latitude) are used to study magnetically conjugate medium scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs). We present initial results from the first year of joint Asiago‐Sutherland data sets from July 2016 to June 2017. The 630.0‐nm airglow perturbations showing different kinds of waves were frequently observed. Some of these wave events resemble MSTIDs propagating south‐westward in Asiago, typical direction observed at other longitude sectors in the northern hemisphere. They are mostly observed as single bands propagating through the field of view of the all‐sky imagers. We select and analyze five cases of magnetically conjugate bands associated with MSTIDs. The bands observed at Sutherland move mainly westward, noticeably different from the north‐west direction of propagation of MSTIDs observed in the southern hemisphere. We compare the MSTIDs propagation speeds and find that three cases show larger values at Sutherland. When we compare the zonal speeds all the cases show larger values at Sutherland. On average, the propagation speed at Sutherland is 20% larger and the zonal speed is ~35% larger. The westward motion at Sutherland is explained by taking onto account how its magnetic declination (~24oW) affects the orientation of the bands. The larger speed at Sutherland is due to the weaker Earth's magnetic field in the southern hemisphere and the particular configuration of the magnetic field lines in this longitude sector.
Comparing the Performance of the Maximum Entropy Production Model With a Land Surface Scheme in Simulating Surface Energy Fluxes
Authors: Alves M. , Music B. , Nadeau D. F. , Anctil F. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHydrological projections under future climate change have been shown to be sensitive to the formulation of evapotranspiration. Many hydrological models still rely on empirical formulations of this flux, and hence do not take into account the surface energy budget. On the other hand, land surface schemes, which are used within the climate models to describe land hydrology and associated surface heat fluxes (SHF), rely on the energy conservation. Due to land surface schemes complexity, they are not suitable for integration in traditional hydrological models. A newly developed and relatively simple Maximum Entropy Production model, which operates under the constraint of energy conservation and allows for an appropriate partitioning of available energy into SHF, appears to be a good alternative for integration in hydrological models. However, the MEP's performances still need to be evaluated under various environmental conditions. This study aims to evaluate the SHF simulated by MEP using observations over a multiyear period from several carefully chosen snow‐free sites located in low‐latitude regions. Moreover, simulated fluxes were compared to those derived from the Canadian Land Surface Scheme (CLASS), which was run at the same sites. The analysis of simulated and observed fluxes associated with different water stress conditions suggests that the abilities of MEP and CLASS in estimating sensible and latent heat fluxes are comparable. It was also found that the MEP and CLASS fluxes are in a good agreement with observations. However, the simulated nocturnal fluxes show that both models are in less agreement with the observations.
Overturn of Ilmenite‐Bearing Cumulates in a Rheologically Weak Lunar Mantle
Authors: Yu Shuoran , Tosi Nicola , Schwinger Sabrina , Maurice Maxime , Breuer Doris , Xiao Long 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe crystallization of the lunar magma ocean (LMO) determines the initial structure of the solid Moon. Near the end of the LMO crystallization, ilmenite‐bearing cumulates (IBC) form beneath the plagioclase crust. Being denser than the underlying mantle, IBC are prone to overturn, a hypothesis that explains several aspects of the Moon's evolution. Yet the formation of stagnant lid due to the temperature dependence of viscosity can easily prevent IBC from sinking. To infer the rheological conditions allowing IBC to sink, we calculated the LMO crystallization sequence and performed high‐resolution numerical simulations of the overturn dynamics. We assumed a diffusion creep rheology and tested the effects of reference viscosity, activation energy, and compositional viscosity contrast between IBC and mantle. The overturn strongly depends on reference viscosity and activation energy and is facilitated by a low IBC viscosity. For a reference viscosity of 1021 Pa s, characteristic of a dry rheology, IBC overturn cannot take place. For a reference viscosity of 1020 Pa s, the overturn is possible if the activation energy is a factor of 2–3 lower than the values typically assumed for dry olivine. These low activation energies suggest a role for dislocation creep. For lower‐reference viscosities associated with the presence of water or trapped melt, more than 95% IBC can sink regardless of the activation energy. Scaling laws for Rayleigh‐Taylor instability confirmed these results but also showed the need of numerical simulations to accurately quantify the overturn dynamics. Whenever IBC sink, the overturn occurs via small‐scale diapirs.
Disruption of mTOR and MAPK pathways correlates with severity in idiopathic autism
Authors: Rosina Eleonora , Battan Barbara , Siracusano Martina , Di Criscio Lorena , Hollis Fiona , Pacini Laura , Curatolo Paolo , Bagni Claudia 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe molecular signature underlying autism spectrum disorder remains largely unknown. This study identifies differential expression of mTOR and MAPK pathways in patients affected by mild and severe idiopathic autism. A total of 55 subjects were enrolled, of which 22 were typically developing individuals and 33 were patients aged between 3 and 11 years, with autism spectrum disorder. A detailed history, including physical examination, developmental evaluation, mental health history and autism diagnostic observation schedule were performed for each patient. Components of the mTOR and MAPK signalling pathways were analysed from peripheral blood at the protein level. Patients were then stratified according to their clinical phenotypes, and the molecular profiling was analysed in relation to the degree of autism severity. In this cohort of patients, we identified increased activity of mTOR and the MAPK pathways, key regulators of synaptogenesis and protein synthesis. Specifically, rpS6, p-eIF4E, TSC1 and p-MNK1 expression discriminated patients according to their clinical diagnosis, suggesting that components of protein synthesis signalling pathways might constitute a molecular signature of clinical severity in autism spectrum disorder.
High-fat diet disturbs lipid raft/TGF-β signaling-mediated maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells in mouse bone marrow
Authors: Hermetet François , Buffière Anne , Aznague Aziza , Pais de Barros Jean-Paul , Bastie Jean-Noël , Delva Laurent , Quéré Ronan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDespite recent in vivo data demonstrating that high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity leads to major perturbations in murine hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), the direct role of a HFD is not yet completely understood. Here, we investigate the direct impact of a short-term HFD on HSC and hematopoiesis in C57BL/6J mice compared with standard diet-fed mice. We detect a loss of half of the most primitive HSC in the bone marrow (BM) cells of HFD-fed mice, which exhibit lower hematopoietic reconstitution potential after transplantation. Impaired maintenance of HSC is due to reduced dormancy after HFD feeding. We discover that a HFD disrupts the TGF-β receptor within lipid rafts, associated to impaired Smad2/3-dependent TGF-β signaling, as the main molecular mechanism of action. Finally, injecting HFD-fed mice with recombinant TGF-β1 avoids the loss of HSC and alteration of the BM’s ability to recover, underscoring the fact that a HFD affects TGF-β signaling on HSC.
Unwinding a spiral of cellulose nanocrystals for stimuli-responsive stretchable optics
Authors: Kose Osamu , Tran Andy , Lewis Lev , Hamad Wadood Y. , MacLachlan Mark J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) derived from biomass spontaneously organize into a helical arrangement, termed a chiral nematic structure. This structure mimics the organization of chitin found in the exoskeletons of arthropods, where it contributes to their remarkable mechanical strength. Here, we demonstrate a photonic sensory mechanism based on the reversible unwinding of chiral nematic CNCs embedded in an elastomer, leading the materials to display stimuli-responsive stretchable optics. Vivid interference colors appear as the film is stretched and disappear when the elastomer returns to its original shape. This reversible optical effect is caused by a mechanically-induced transition of the CNCs between a chiral nematic and pseudo-nematic arrangement.
Cryo-EM structure of the essential ribosome assembly AAA-ATPase Rix7
Authors: Lo Yu-Hua , Sobhany Mack , Hsu Allen L. , Ford Brittany L. , Krahn Juno M. , Borgnia Mario J. , Stanley Robin E. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRix7 is an essential type II AAA-ATPase required for the formation of the large ribosomal subunit. Rix7 has been proposed to utilize the power of ATP hydrolysis to drive the removal of assembly factors from pre-60S particles, but the mechanism of release is unknown. Rix7’s mammalian homolog, NVL2 has been linked to cancer and mental illness disorders, highlighting the need to understand the molecular mechanisms of this essential machine. Here we report the cryo-EM reconstruction of the tandem AAA domains of Rix7 which form an asymmetric stacked homohexameric ring. We trapped Rix7 with a polypeptide in the central channel, revealing Rix7’s role as a molecular unfoldase. The structure establishes that type II AAA-ATPases lacking the aromatic-hydrophobic motif within the first AAA domain can engage a substrate throughout the entire central channel. The structure also reveals that Rix7 contains unique post-α7 insertions within both AAA domains important for Rix7 function.
Kink far below the Fermi level reveals new electron-magnon scattering channel in Fe
Authors: Młyńczak E. , Müller M. C. T. D. , Gospodarič P. , Heider T. , Aguilera I. , Bihlmayer G. , Gehlmann M. , Jugovac M. , Zamborlini G. , Tusche C. , Suga S. , Feyer V. , Plucinski L. , Friedrich C. , Blügel S. , Schneider C. M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMany properties of real materials can be modeled using ab initio methods within a single-particle picture. However, for an accurate theoretical treatment of excited states, it is necessary to describe electron-electron correlations including interactions with bosons: phonons, plasmons, or magnons. In this work, by comparing spin- and momentum-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements to many-body calculations carried out with a newly developed first-principles method, we show that a kink in the electronic band dispersion of a ferromagnetic material can occur at much deeper binding energies than expected (Eb = 1.5 eV). We demonstrate that the observed spectral signature reflects the formation of a many-body state that includes a photohole bound to a coherent superposition of renormalized spin-flip excitations. The existence of such a many-body state sheds new light on the physics of the electron-magnon interaction which is essential in fields such as spintronics and Fe-based superconductivity.
Emergence of a field-driven U(1) spin liquid in the Kitaev honeycomb model
Authors: Hickey Ciarán , Trebst Simon 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn the field of quantum magnetism, the exactly solvable Kitaev honeycomb model serves as a paradigm for the fractionalization of spin degrees of freedom and the formation of $${\Bbb Z}_2$$

Z

2

quantum spin liquids. An intense experimental search has led to the discovery of a number of spin-orbit entangled Mott insulators that realize its characteristic bond-directional interactions and, in the presence of magnetic fields, exhibit no indications of long-range order. Here, we map out the complete phase diagram of the Kitaev model in tilted magnetic fields and report the emergence of a distinct gapless quantum spin liquid at intermediate field strengths. Analyzing a number of static, dynamical, and finite temperature quantities using numerical exact diagonalization techniques, we find strong evidence that this phase exhibits gapless fermions coupled to a massless U(1) gauge field. We discuss its stability in the presence of perturbations that naturally arise in spin-orbit entangled candidate materials.
Marine biofilms constitute a bank of hidden microbial diversity and functional potential
Authors: Zhang Weipeng , Ding Wei , Li Yong-Xin , Tam Chunkit , Bougouffa Salim , Wang Ruojun , Pei Bite , Chiang Hoyin , Leung Pokman , Lu Yanhong , Sun Jin , Fu He , Bajic Vladimir B , Liu Hongbin , Webster Nicole S. , Qian Pei-Yuan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRecent big data analyses have illuminated marine microbial diversity from a global perspective, focusing on planktonic microorganisms. Here, we analyze 2.5 terabases of newly sequenced datasets and theTaraOceans metagenomes to study the diversity of biofilm-forming marine microorganisms. We identify more than 7,300 biofilm-forming ‘species’ that are undetected in seawater analyses, increasing the known microbial diversity in the oceans by more than 20%, and provide evidence for differentiation across oceanic niches. Generation of a gene distribution profile reveals a functional core across the biofilms, comprised of genes from a variety of microbial phyla that may play roles in stress responses and microbe-microbe interactions. Analysis of 479 genomes reconstructed from the biofilm metagenomes reveals novel biosynthetic gene clusters and CRISPR-Cas systems. Our data highlight the previously underestimated ocean microbial diversity, and allow mining novel microbial lineages and gene resources.
Evidence for igneous differentiation in Sudbury Igneous Complex and impact-driven evolution of terrestrial planet proto-crusts
Authors: Latypov Rais , Chistyakova Sofya , Grieve Richard , Huhma Hannu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBolide impact is a ubiquitous geological process in the Solar System, which produced craters and basins filled with impact melt sheets on the terrestrial planets. However, it remains controversial whether these sheets were able to undergo large-scale igneous differentiation, or not. Here, we report on the discovery of large discrete bodies of melanorites that occur throughout almost the entire stratigraphy of the 1.85-billion-year-old Sudbury Igneous Complex (SIC) – the best exposed impact melt sheet on Earth – and use them to reaffirm that conspicuous norite-gabbro-granophyre stratigraphy of the SIC is produced by fractional crystallization of an originally homogeneous impact melt of granodioritic composition. This implies that more ancient and compositionally primitive Hadean impact melt sheets on the Earth and other terrestrial planets also underwent large-volume igneous differentiation. The near-surface differentiation of these giant impact melt sheets may therefore have contributed to the evolution and lithological diversity of the proto-crust on terrestrial planets.
Author Correction: Elastic pseudospin transport for integratable topological phononic circuits
Authors: Yu Si-Yuan , He Cheng , Wang Zhen , Liu Fu-Kang , Sun Xiao-Chen , Li Zheng , Lu Hai-Zhou , Lu Ming-Hui , Liu Xiao-Ping , Chen Yan-Feng 
Published: January 2019

The original version of this Article contained errors in the second sentence in the legend of Fig. 1, which incorrectly read ‘These two elastic insulators are identical in lattice constant a (3a0), plate thickness (0.4a0), and radius of perforated holes r (0.18a0) but different hole-center distance characterized by b.’ The correct version states ‘plate thickness (√3 × 0.4a0)’ in place of ‘plate thickness (0.4a0)’ and ‘radius of perforated holes r (√3 × 0.18a0)’ rather than ‘radius of perforated holes r (0.18a0)’.The first sentence of the ‘Sample preparation’ section of the Methods originally incorrectly read ‘Our samples are prepared exclusively on polished stainless-steel plates (Type 201, mass density 7803 kg m−3) with a fixed plate thickness 7.82 mm.’ In the corrected version, ‘mass density 7903 kg m−3’ replaces ‘mass density 7803 kg m−3’.The second sentence in the legend of Supplementary Fig. 3, originally incorrectly read ‘The symmetry of the phononic crystal remains unchanged as C6ν, and thickness of the substrates H (equals to 0.4a0), lattice constant a (equals to 3a0) and radius of perforated holes r (equals to 0.18 a0) maintain constant.’ The correct version states ‘√3 × 0.4a0’ in place of ‘0.4a0’ and ‘√3 × 0.18a0’ rather than ‘0.18a0’.This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Low Cost and Lithography-free Stamp fabrication for Microcontact Printing
Authors: Khadpekar Akshada J. , Khan Moin , Sose Abhishek , Majumder Abhijit 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMicrocontact printing (µCP) is a commonly used technique for patterning proteins of interest on substrates. The cells take the shape of these printed patterns. This technique is used to explore the effect of cellular morphology on their various functions such as survival, differentiation, migration, etc. An essential step for µCP is to fabricate a stamp from a silicon mould, prepared using lithography. Lithography is cost intensive and needs a high level of expertise to handle the instrumentation. Also, one stamp can be used to print patterns of one size and shape. Here, to overcome these limitations, we devised a low-cost fabrication technique using readily available objects such as injection needles and polystyrene beads. We patterned the C2C12, myoblasts cells on the shapes printed using lithography-free fabricated stamps. We further exploited the surface curvature of the stamp to vary the size of the print either by changing the applied load and/or the substrate stiffness. We showed that the print dimension could be predicted well by using JKR theory of contact mechanics. Moreover, some innovative improvisations enabled us to print complex shapes, which would be otherwise difficult with conventional lithography technique. We envisage that this low cost and easy to fabricate method will allow many research laboratories with limited resources to perform exciting research which is at present out of their reach.
Phylogeography of HIV-1 suggests that Ugandan fishing communities are a sink for, not a source of, virus from general populations
Authors: Bbosa Nicholas , Ssemwanga Deogratius , Nsubuga Rebecca N. , Salazar-Gonzalez Jesus F. , Salazar Maria G. , Nanyonjo Maria , Kuteesa Monica , Seeley Janet , Kiwanuka Noah , Bagaya Bernard S. , Yebra Gonzalo , Leigh-Brown Andrew , Kaleebu Pontiano 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAlthough fishing communities (FCs) in Uganda are disproportionately affected by HIV-1 relative to the general population (GP), the transmission dynamics are not completely understood. We earlier found most HIV-1 transmissions to occur within FCs of Lake Victoria. Here, we test the hypothesis that HIV-1 transmission in FCs is isolated from networks in the GP. We used phylogeography to reconstruct the geospatial viral migration patterns in 8 FCs and 2 GP cohorts and a Bayesian phylogenetic inference in BEAST v1.8.4 to analyse the temporal dynamics of HIV-1 transmission. Subtype A1 (pol region) was most prevalent in the FCs (115, 45.1%) and GP (177, 50.4%). More recent HIV transmission pairs from FCs were found at a genetic distance (GD) <1.5% than in the GP (Fisher’s exact test, p = 0.001). The mean time depth for pairs was shorter in FCs (5 months) than in the GP (4 years). Phylogeographic analysis showed strong support for viral migration from the GP to FCs without evidence of substantial viral dissemination to the GP. This suggests that FCs are a sink for, not a source of, virus strains from the GP. Targeted interventions in FCs should be extended to include the neighbouring GP for effective epidemic control.