bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Isolation, Social Exclusion and Access to Resources: Mapping the Gendered Impact of TB-related Stigma Among TB Patients in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: Medina-Marino Andrew , de Vos Lindsey , Daniels Joseph 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Stigma and isolation among people living with tuberculosis (PLWTB) is well documented. Poorly understood are the gendered pathways by which TB-related stigma results in isolation or impacts access to resources during one’s illness-to-health journey.
Methods
We interviewed PLWTB receiving treatment at government clinics in Buffalo City Metro, South Africa. Semi-structured guides explored: TB symptom experiences; access-to-care; treatment motivation; key supporters; and access to mental and tangible resources (MTRs) during illness. Open coding was done inductively, with MTR domains informed by the Network-Individual-Resource Model. Findings were analyzed through a cyclic iterative and deductive process using social isolation and exclusion as interpretive lenses. Memos and pathway mapping examined gendered differences in stigma, isolation, and access to networked MTRs.
Results
One-hundred forty-two PLWTB (Men = 93; Women = 61) were interviewed. PLWTB described pervasive TB stigma and isolation. Women described self-isolating in response to enacted and anticipated stigma. Men described active exclusion by friends and family. Women’s maintenance of familial ties facilitated access to MTRs while ill. Men’s systematic exclusion reduced their agency to access resources. Men and women described regaining of physical strength and recovery of social networks, but also the sustained post-treatment stigma impact.
Conclusions
We identified gendered pathways through which TB stigma and isolation affect access to MTRs. For women, stigma led to social isolation, but familial networks maintained access to MTRs, fostering resilience. Men experienced social exclusion, reduced agency to access MTRs, and increased vulnerability during illness. Findings can guide gender-responsive interventions to reduce the impact of TB stigma on health outcomes.
Ecosystem Value Measurement and Coupling Coordination of Man-Land System in Giant Panda National Park
Authors: Luo Yuyan , Li Ling , Zhang Shuyu , Chen Jing , Cao Deng , Liu Ying 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The Chinese government completed the pilot work of the Giant Panda National Park(GPNP) in 2020, but how to transform the ecological value of GPNP into economic value, and how to coordinate ecological value, economic value and human development to promote its sustainability is still a significant problem. Firstly, we use the equivalent factor method on the basis of measuring the ecosystem service value of GPNP to analyze the maximum service value element in the ecosystem service value. Secondly, the man-land coupling system is further introduced and next, divide the man-land coupling system into five sub-systems: life, production, ecology, public and giant pandas,. Lastly, comprehensively discusses the coupling and coordination mechanism of GPNP from the aspects of economy, culture, and ecology. We found that the ecological value of GPNP has been increasing year by year, but the degree of human development and the harmonious coexistence of giant pandas and the coordinated development of the ecological and economic values of GPNP are not impressive. The comprehensive level of coupling and coordination has improved, but it is still relatively low. Especially, when emergencies occur, the "human" system is more affected and lasts longer.
Advancing Sensitivity Analysis of an Intervertebral Disc Finite Element Model: A Comparative Approach Using Neural Networks
Authors: Gruber Gabriel , Atad Matan , Ribeiro Marx , Nicolini Luis Fernando , Lerchl Tanja , Kirschke Jan S. , Nispel Kati 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Sensitivity analysis (SA) is essential for identifying influential input parameters in finite element (FE) models, such as those of the intervertebral disc (IVD). However, in complex IVD models, efficient methods often lack accuracy, while precise methods are computationally prohibitive. Surrogate models, like neural networks (NNs), provide a solution by enabling both efficient and accurate SA of such models.
Methods:
This study leveraged an NN surrogate trained on an L4L5 IVD FE model to compare variance-based methods (Sobol analysis and Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test), the gradient-based Integrated Gradients (IG) approach, and linear model-based SA methods (CoD-ratio, CAR²-ratio, and Pearson’s correlation coefficients) for their applicability. Performance evaluation of each method involved mean absolute deviation and Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain (NDCG) scores, with Sobol analysis results as the reference. A detailed SA of the model was conducted using Sobol analysis results to examine total-order and interaction effects of the model parameters.
Results:
All methods effectively identified influential parameters, as indicated by high NDCG scores. Only variance-based methods, though, consistently quantified parameter influence and captured interactions. Neglecting interaction effects resulted in unexplained variances up to 25%, highlighting the need to consider total-order effects. Key model parameters were those related to fiber orientation and annulus fibrosus stiffness.
Conclusion:
Variance-based global SA methods, enabled by the NN surrogate, were essential for fully understanding the FE model sensitivity, capturing total-order effects and parameter interactions. The IG method effectively identified key parameters, while the novel application of the NDCG scores demonstrated the strength of surrogate-assisted methods in assessing parameter influence.
Nutrient distribution and utilization in apple–soybean alley-cropping systems under different drip irrigation emitter line deployments and mulching methods in the Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Zheng Huiying , Wang Ruoshui , Wan Qian , Wang Lisha , Chen Li 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Aims Apple–soybean alley cropping is one of the typical alley-cropping models in the Loess Plateau of China. The study aimed to alleviate interspecific competition intensified by the growth of fruit trees using the combination of drip irrigation emitter line and mulching to regulate soil nutrient distribution and analyze effects on nutrient utilization.
Methods A three-year field trial was conducted in apple–soybean alley-cropping systems, setting up three drip irrigation emitter line spacings (L1: one emitter line per soybean row; L2: one emitter line for every two rows; L3: one emitter line for every three rows) and two mulching methods (M1: mulching; M0: non-mulching).
Results Rapidly available phosphorus (AP), rapidly available potassium and total phosphorus contents varied greatly at the same spacing, whereas AP content varied greatly at different spacings. Compared with M0, yield, nutrient contents and use efficiency of M1 significantly increased. Most of the nutrients at the denser spacing (L1) were concentrated in the surface layer with uniform distribution. At the wider spacing (L3), nutrient distribution was uneven, resulting in fewer nutrients uptake and utilization by roots. The moderate spacing (L2) with mulching alleviated the interspecific competition by optimizing nutrient distribution and facilitating root niche separation between trees and crops. In the three years, M1L2 consistently displayed the highest yield, nutrient contents and utilization efficiency. Principal component analysis showed that M1L2 achieved the highest comprehensive score.
Conclusions The results recommended the use of M1L2 in young apple–soybean alley-cropping systems, with L1 as a preferable control measure if M0 is used.
Cross-neutralization of distant coronaviruses correlates with Spike S2-specific antibodies from immunocompetent and immunocompromised vaccinated SARS-CoV-2-infected patients
Authors: Patel Sara V , Leeman Brooke M , Botros Patricia J , Folta Joanna , Shahid Dhiman , Rocque Anya I , Joyal Andrew S , Vecchio Joseph A , Passell Eliza , Tien Dessie , Reynolds Zahra , Su Karry , Vyas Tammy D , Vyas Jatin M , Abar Emory , Barry Mamadou , Alexandrescu Andrew , Wallace Zachary , DaCosta Jeffrey M , Choudhary Manish C , Tamura Trevor , Edelstein Gregory , Li Yijia , Deo Rinki , Sparks Jeffrey A , Boucau Julie , Glover Owen , Barczak Amy , Lemieux Jacob , Siedner Mark J , Li Jonathan Z , Fofana Ismael Ben Farouck 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

As of May 2023, the public health emergency of COVID-19 was lifted across the globe. However, SARS-CoV-2 infections continue to be recorded worldwide. This situation has been attributed to the ability of the virus to evade host immune responses including neutralizing antibody-derived Immunity. The vast majority of antibody escape mutations have been associated with the S1 subunit of the spike protein, especially the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) but also the N-terminal Domain (NTD). The other region of the spike, the S2 subunit, is the most conserved region amongst coronaviruses. We hypothesized that S2-specific antibody responses are suboptimal in vaccinated and SARS-CoV-2 infected patients resulting in an ineffective neutralization of distant coronaviruses. Here, we analyzed S2-specific antibody responses SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals, including a mixed cohort of those with and without immunosuppression and prior vaccination. We found that S2-specific antibody responses are generally lower than S1-specific antibody responses. Furthermore, we observed in immunocompetent individuals that S1 and S2-specific antibody responses are both positively correlated with Wuhan, Omicron, SARS-CoV and W1V1-CoV pseudovirus neutralization. Among the immunocompromised patients, S1-specific antibody responses were rarely correlated with pseudovirus neutralization in contrast to S2-specific antibody responses which frequently correlated with pseudovirus neutralization. These data highlight the potential of the S2-subunit as an ideal target for induction of cross-neutralizing antibody immunity against divergent coronaviruses.
Mitigating Chloramphenicol Induced Liver Toxicity: Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Astaxanthin and Quercetin
Authors: Verma Brijesh Kumar , Banerjee Debashis , Patel Herin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background: This study investigates the efficacy of Astaxanthin (AXN) and Quercetin (QRN) as potential therapeutic agents for mitigating Chloramphenicol (CMP)-induced liver toxicity. Despite Chloramphenicol's broad-spectrum antibiotic properties, its clinical utility is hampered by hepatotoxic side effects. Our research seeks to assess the impact of Chloramphenicol -induced mitochondrial toxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and gene expression alterations in HepG2 liver cells. The primary aim is to mitigate Chloramphenicol induced liver toxicity through combination therapy, utilizing the potent antioxidants Astaxanthin and Quercetin.
Methods and Results: The IC50 values for Chloramphenicol, Astaxanthin, and Quercetin were determined to assess mitochondrial toxicity throughthe measurement of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) emission intensity. The study also examined the effectiveness of Astaxanthin and Quercetin in a ROS assay and evaluated their impact on the mRNA expression of genes including SURF1, SOD2, NRF1, TFAM, and UCP2 using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.
The findings from the study provide significant evidence towards the therapeutic benefits of Astaxanthin and Quercetin in counteracting Chloramphenicol -induced liver toxicity, showcasing their potential as antioxidants for hepatoprotection.
Conclusion: This research adds to the accumulating evidence that supports the utilization of antioxidants like Astaxanthin and Quercetin in mitigating drug-induced liver toxicity. It paves the way for further investigations into the specific molecular mechanisms underlying these effects and encourages the exploration of additional antioxidants in future for similar therapeutic applications.
Identifying households with children who have complex needs: a segmentation model for integrated care systems
Authors: Piroddi Roberta , Astbury Andrea , Baker Wesam , Daras Kostantinos , Rafferty Joe , Buchan Iain , Barr Benjamin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background: Adversity in childhood is increasing in the United Kingdom. Complex health and social problems affecting children cluster in families where adults also have high need, but services are rarely aligned to support the whole family. Household level segmentation can help identify households most needing integrated support. Thus, the aim was to develop a segmentation model to identify those households with children who have high levels of complex cross-sectoral needs, to use as a case-finding tool for health and social care services, and to describe characteristics of identified households, to inform service integration.
Method: Working with stakeholders - in an English region of 2.7m population- we agreed a definition of families having complex needs which would benefit from service integration – including households with high intensity use, who had both physical and mental health problems amongst both adults and children and wider social risks. We then used individual and household linked data across multiple health and social care services to identify these households, providing an algorithm to be used in a case finding interface. Finally, to understand the needs of this segment, and to identify unmet need, to tailor support, we used descriptive statistics and Poisson regression to profile the segment and compare them with the rest of the population.
Results: 21,527 households (8% of the population of the region) were identified with complex needs, including 89,631 people (41,382 children), accounting for 34% of health and social care costs for families with children, £362 million in total, of which 42% was on children in care of local authorities. The households had contact with 3-4 different services, had high prevalence of mental health problems, most frequently co-morbid with respiratory problems, with high mental health emergency service use particularly amongst teenage girls many of whom had no prior elective treatment for conditions.
Conclusion: Our model provides a potentially useful tool for identifying households that could benefit from better integration of services and targeted family support that can help break intergenerational transfer of adversity.
Effect of Caesium Adsorption on Emission Properties of (100) and (110) Surfaces of Tungsten and Molybdenum Single Crystals
Authors: Smolnik Svyatoslav , Galstian Iryna , Shevchenko Mykola , Shatnii Tatiana , Tsapko Yevgen , Gerasymov Olexandr , Makeeva I. M. , Mulenko Sergij , Len Evgen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The paper examines the possibilities of using the electrode complex of the thermionic energy converter (TIC), which made from single crystals of the same type of refractory metals, but with different crystallographic orientations of the working surfaces of the cathode and anode. It solves the problem of evaporation of the cathode material at high operating temperatures and its deposition on the anode, and significantly extends the lifetime of the TIC. The dependences of the reflection coefficient of slow electrons and the electron work function on the concentration of caesium adsorbed on the (100) and (110) surfaces of molybdenum and tungsten single crystals have been studied by the methods of full-current spectroscopy and contact potential difference. As shown, the work function of both faces of the investigated single crystals of refractory metals changes nonmonotonically with an increase of the caesium concentration on the surfaces: at first, it decreases rapidly and reaches a minimum, and then, it smoothly increasing and reaches saturation. As found, due to the adjustment of the cathode and anode temperatures, which determine the concentration of caesium adsorbed on these electrodes, and due to the residual pressure of caesium vapor in the vacuum gap of the TIC, it is possible to satisfy the conditions for obtaining a significant power of the TIC, when the optimal difference in the values of the emitter and collector work function is realized (near 1–1.5 eV) with minimal reflection of electrons from the surface of the anode.
Problem-solving As Concurrent Processing in a Network of Neural-like Elements
Authors: Prudkov Pavel N. , Rodina Olga N. 
Published: December 2024

Background
Problem-solving is considered a sequential process, when one thought is a prerequisite for the next one. However, most mental processes are parallel. Based on ideas that thinking can be considered processing information in a network of neuron-like elements functioning concurrently, we hypothesized concurrent processing always occurs in problem-solving. We suggest there are individual differences regarding the easiness of the emergence of task-related but supplementary thoughts that can be applied to elucidate how concurrent processing influences problem-solving.

Methods
A questionnaire on the emergence of supplementary thoughts was designed. It was hypothesized there may be positive correlation coefficients between scores on the questionnaire and scores on problem-solving tasks and the times taken to perform these tasks. Four tasks were used to characterize problem-solving. To study the relationship between concurrent processing and processing speed the simple reaction time task was used.

Results
Cronbach's alpha for the questionnaire was 0.705. Eight of ten correlation coefficients between scores on the questionnaire and the variables derived from the problem-solving tasks were significant. A partial correlation between scores on the questionnaire and reaction times was insignificant. There was a positive correlation between scores on the questionnaire and age. Thus, unlike other characteristics associated with flexibility in thinking, concurrent processing is not deteriorated with age.

Conclusion
Our results demonstrate concurrent processing exists and influences problem-solving. Concurrent processing and processing speed are based on distinctive mechanisms. An explanation for the fact that concurrent processing is not worsened with age is suggested.
Impact of Internet Usage on Depression Among Older Adults: Comprehensive Study
Authors: Guo Lin , Li Yunwei , Cheng Kai , Zhao Ying , Yin Wenqiang , Liu Ying 
Published: December 2024

Background
Depression is a widespread mental health issue affecting older adults globally, with substantial implications for their well-being. Although digital interventions have proven effective in high-income countries, research on the potential of internet usage to alleviate depression among older adults in high-income countries remains limited.

Objective
This study aimed to examine the impact of internet usage on depression among older adults in high-income countries by developing a comprehensive theoretical framework and testing key hypotheses.

Methods
Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), a 2-stage instrumental variable approach was applied to address endogeneity and estimate causal relationships between internet usage and depression.

Results
The findings indicate that internet usage results in a 1.41% reduction in depression levels among older adults. This effect is mediated by four primary mechanisms: (1) enhanced social interaction, (2) increased physical activity, (3) improved intergenerational contact, and (4) expanded access to educational opportunities. A heterogeneity analysis revealed that these effects are more pronounced in urban areas, eastern regions, and regions with superior internet infrastructure.

Conclusions
Internet usage plays a crucial role in alleviating depression among older adults in high-income countries, with regional variations. The findings highlight the need for targeted policy interventions to improve internet access and digital literacy, which can mitigate depression and enhance the mental health of older adults.
Pauliceia nas revoluções: artes visuais e agitação política nas primeiras décadas do século XX.
Authors: Mari Marcelo 
Published: December 2024

O artigo trata da luta e mobilização de intelectuais e de artistas, principalmente em São Paulo, a fim de construir uma nova realidade para o País. O que estava em jogo era uma aproximação ousada e perigosa entre arte e política, fazendo com que vários artistas da Semana de Arte Moderna começassem a militar e assumir posicionamentos revolucionários no campo da política. Com a criação dos órgãos de repressão do estado, muitos artistas foram perseguidos ou presos. Muitos intelectuais e artistas de vanguarda tiveram complicações futuras no período Vargas, mas fizeram escolhas nos embates de classes sociais que aconteceram no Brasil. AbstractThe article deals with the struggle and mobilization of intellectuals and artists, especially in São Paulo, in order to build a new reality for the country. What was at stake was a bold and dangerous approach between art and politics, causing several artists of the Week of Modern Art began to military and take revolutionary positions in the field of politics. With the creation of repression agencies, many artists were persecuted or imprisoned. Many avant-garde intellectuals and artists had future complications in the Vargas period, but they made choices in the social class clashes that took place in Brazil.
Testemunho: entre a oralidade e a visualidade
Authors: Coelho Tiago da Silva 
Published: December 2024

O presente artigo apresenta uma discussão sobre a importância do testemunho visual, tendo por base a querela iniciada com a exposição “Memória dos campos. Fotografias dos campos de concentração e extermínio nazistas de 1933-1999”, apresentada em Paris em janeiro de 2001. As reflexões propostas aqui têm por objetivo discutir as diferentes perspectivas e abordagens sobre os testemunhos como processo de ressignificação do trauma, de modo a ressaltar as disputas entre os processos de depoimentos orais e produções pictóricas. AbstractThis article presents a discussion on the importance of visual testimony, based on the dispute that started with the exhibition “Memoir of the Camps. Photographs of Nazi concentration and extermination camps, 1933-1999”, presented in Paris in January 2001. The reflections proposed here aim to discuss the different perspectives and approaches on the testimonies as a process of resignification of trauma, in order to emphasize the disputes between the processes of oral statements and pictorial productions.
Editorial da Revista Porto Arte - nº 40 - 2019
Authors: Barachini Teresinha , Semeler Alberto Marinho Ribas , Walter Marcelo 
Published: December 2024

A revista Porto Arte, nº 40 (2019) conta com o DOSSIÊ: A ERA DIGITAL: TECNOLOGIAS DA INFORMAÇÃO, DA EMPATIA E OS MEIOS-MÍDIA NA ARTE, organizado por Alberto Marinho Ribas Semeler e Marcelo Walter.
Pequenos Planetas da Amazônia
Authors: Rodrigues Maximilian Medeiros 
Published: December 2024

ResumoO artista amazonense Maxi Rodrigues mostra seus trabalhos sobre as águas amazônicas, ao capturar imagens digitais durante os seus deslocamentos e navegações pelos rios e igarapés que rodeiam e penetram a cidade de Manaus e regiões próximas. Com a série Pequenos Planetas da Amazônia (2021) ele nos mostra as paisagens amazônicas modificadas digitalmente com o intuito de trazer camadas de significados, através das memórias contidas na diversidade dos rios em seus trajetos que perpassam a floresta e as comunidades ribeirinhas.

Abstract
The Amazonian artist Maxi Rodrigues shows his works on Amazonian waters, capturing digital images during his travels and navigations through the rivers and streams that surround and penetrate the city of Manaus and nearby regions. With the series Pequenos Planetas da Amazônia (2021) he shows us the digitally modified Amazonian landscapes in order to bring layers of meaning, through the memories contained in the diversity of rivers in their paths that cross the forest and riverside communities.