bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of US State Implementation of Newborn Screening Policies for Critical Congenital Heart Disease With Early Infant Cardiac Deaths
Authors: Abouk Rahi , Grosse Scott D. , Ailes Elizabeth C. , Oster Matthew E. 
Published: May 2018

(Abstracted from JAMA 2017;318(21):2111–2118)
Timely detection of congenital heart disease in newborn infants, particularly before the patent ductus arteriosus closes in the first few days of life, can reduce the risk of a potentially fatal crisis occurring following discharge from the hospital. Critical congenital heart disease was added to the US Recommended Uniform Screening Panel for newborns in 2011, leading many US states to initiate policies requiring or recommending updated screening policies.
Outcomes of a Coaching-Based WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist Program in India
Authors: Semrau Katherine E. A. , Hirschhorn Lisa R. , Delaney Megan Marx , Singh Vinay P. , Saurastri Rajiv , Sharma Narender , Tuller Danielle E. , Firestone Rebecca , Lipsitz Stuart , Dhingra-Kumar Neelam , Kodkany Bhalachandra S. , Kumar Vishwajeet , Gawande Atul A. 
Published: May 2018

(Abstracted from N Engl J Med 2017;377:2313–2324)
In recent decades, there has been a dramatic shift from home to facility-based births, as well as an overall reduction in birth-related mortality. Despite these trends, a large disparity exists in maternal and neonatal mortality between countries that is directly related to their economies.
Radiographic Evaluation of the Distal Radioulnar Joint: Technique to Detect Sigmoid Notch Intra-Articular Screw Breach in Distal Radius Fractures
Authors: Klein Jason S. , Mijares Michael R. , Chen David , Orbay Jorge L. , Landy David C. , Owens Patrick W. 
Published: May 2018

Purpose:
To describe the “extended tangential” and “sunrise” radiographic views and assess their ability to detect distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) screw penetrance and help direct safer screw placement.

Materials and Methods:
Distal radius variable angle volar locking plates were applied to 10 cadaveric arms: 5 were plated with a distal ulnar locking screw breaching the sigmoid notch and 5 without a screw violating the DRUJ. A mini C-arm captured PA, “sunrise,” and “extended tangential” views. For each cadaver, blinded hand fellowship trained surgeons answered whether there was sigmoid notch screw breach and whether that screw should be repositioned.

Results:
The interrater and intrarater reliabilities for identifying articular screw breach were slight to fair (0.19 and 0.39) for the PA views, moderate (0.55 and 0.55) for the “extended tangential view,” and substantial (0.80 and 0.80) for the “sunrise view,” respectively. The interrater and intrarater reliabilities for decision to move the screw were slight to fair (0.16 and 0.33) for PA, moderate (0.49 and 0.58) for “extended tangential view” and substantial (0.67 and 0.72) for the “sunrise view,” respectively. The sensitivity for diagnosing intra-articular breach was 39%, 68%, and 79% for the PA, “extended tangential,” and “sunrise” views, respectively. The specificity was 77%, 96%, and 93%, respectively. For clinical decision-making on when to move the screw, the views had a sensitivity of 60%, 75%, and 82% and specificity of 63%, 79%, and 83%, respectively.

Conclusions:
The “extended tangential view” and the “sunrise view” improved one's ability to identify DRUJ screw breach and for directing screw repositioning over standard views. We recommend the “sunrise” and “extended tangential” view be obtained intraoperatively to help guide clinical decision-making. Although the “extended tangential view” is more easily obtained with a mini c-arm than the “sunrise view,” both views should be considered to fully evaluate the DRUJ joint.

Clinical Relevance:
Both the “extended tangential” and “sunrise” views help improve sigmoid notch visualization, identify DRUJ screw penetrance, direct screw positioning, and prevent unnecessary screw repositioning.
Improving Geriatric Care Processes on Two Medical-Surgical Acute Care Units: A Pilot Study
Authors: Booth Katrina A. , Simmons Emily E. , Viles Andres F. , Gray Whitney A. , Kennedy Kelsey R. , Biswal Shari H. , Lowe Jason A. , Xhaja Anisa , Kennedy Richard E. , Brown Cynthia J. , Flood Kellie L. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
The Acute Care for Elders (ACE) Unit model improves cognitive and functional outcomes for hospitalized elders but reaches a small proportion of patients. To disseminate ACE Unit principles, we piloted the “Virtual ACE Intervention” that standardizes care processes for cognition and function without daily geriatrician oversight on two non-ACE units. The Virtual ACE Intervention includes staff training on geriatric assessments for cognition and function and on nurse-driven care algorithms. Completion of the geriatric assessments by nursing staff in patients aged 65 years and older and measures of patient mobility and prevalence of an abnormal delirium screening score were compared preintervention and postintervention. Postintervention, the completion of the assessments for current functional status and delirium improved (62.5% vs. 88.5%, p < .001) and (4.2% vs. 96.5%, p < .001). In a subsample analysis, in the postintervention period, more patients were up to the chair in the past day (36.4% vs. 63.5%, p = .04) and the prevalence of an abnormal delirium screening score was lower (13.6% vs. 4.8%, p = .16). The Virtual ACE Intervention is a feasible model for disseminating ACE Unit principles to non-ACE Units and may lead to increased adherence to care processes and improved clinical outcomes.
The Reliability of a Video Analysis System (PnO Clinical Movement Data) and the Universal Goniometer in the Measurement of Hip, Knee, and Ankle Sagittal Plane Motion among Healthy Subjects
Authors: Mohsin Fatma , McGarry Anthony , Bowers Roy 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTIntroductionThroughout the rehabilitation process, measuring joint range of motion (ROM) is essential to understand joint kinematics. The universal goniometer (UG) is the most common tool used in the clinical setting for joint ROM measurement. However, a review of the literature examining the reliability of the UG has demonstrated considerable variation in results and highlighted the necessity of introducing a more reliable tool. This study aimed to investigate the reliability of a two-dimensional video analysis system, PnO Clinical Movement Data (PnO CMD), compared with the UG.MethodsThree testers examined ROM of eight healthy candidates. Passive sagittal plane motion of the hip, knee, and ankle joint was measured with and without markers. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values greater than 0.60 were considered to be satisfactory.ResultsMost intratester ICC values for PnO CMD were found to be above the satisfactory limit (ICC = 0.60–0.99). Intratester ICC values for the UG ranged considerably (ICC = 0.34–0.94), and some values were below the satisfactory limit. Intertester ICC values across all the joints for PnO CMD with markers were found to be above the satisfactory limits (ICC = 0.94–0.99).Discussion and ConclusionsPnO Clinical Movement Data was found to be more reliable than the UG. Use of markers was found to increase the reliability. The present work introduces the use of advanced technology in joint ROM measurement.
Exosomes in acute myeloid leukemia inhibit hematopoiesis
Authors: Boyiadzis Michael , Whiteside Theresa L. 
Published: May 2018

Purpose of review
Exosomes are cell-derived, biologically active membrane-bound vesicles, and are emerging as key modulators of hematopoiesis. Recent studies have provided a clearer understanding of the mechanisms whereby blast-derived exosomes act to suppress hematopoiesis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Recent findings
Exosomes released from leukemia blasts have been shown to suppress hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) functions indirectly through stromal reprogramming of niche-retention factors and also as a consequence of AML exosome-directed microRNA delivery to HPC. Furthermore, exosomes secreted by AML blasts remodel the bone marrow niche into a leukemia growth-permissive microenvironment.

Summary
Exosomes suppress hematopoiesis in AML. Strategies to block the production, secretion and reprogramming that exosomes induce may be a novel therapeutic approach in AML and other leukemias.
Where next with HDL assays?
Authors: Niisuke Katrin , Horvath Katalin V. , Asztalos Bela F. 
Published: May 2018

Purpose of review
The inverse association between HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been unequivocally proven in the past several decades. However, some interventions aiming to increase HDL-C failed to reduce CVD risk. HDL is structurally and functionally complex and HDL-associated metrics other than HDL-C, such as the concentration, composition, and functionality of HDL particles, have been considered as better determinants of CVD risk. A large body of recent research has addressed changes in HDL functions and HDL subpopulations in CVD with the goal of discovering novel and reliable biomarkers and targets for the treatment or prevention of CVD.

Recent findings
We have reviewed recent findings on HDL composition, HDL particle concentrations, and cell-cholesterol efflux capacity that have lately contributed to our understanding of HDL's role in CVD.

Summary
We point out that a major problem in HDL research is the lack of standardization of HDL assays that has led to discrepancies among studies. Therefore, there is a need for new standardized assays that capture the complexities of key HDL parameters.
New Labor Management Guidelines and Changes in Cesarean Delivery Patterns
Authors: Rosenbloom Joshua I. , Stout Molly J. , Tuuli Methodius G. , Woolfolk Candice L. , López Julia D. , Macones George A. , Cahill Alison G. 
Published: May 2018

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2017;217:689.e1–689.e8)
In 2010, the Consortium of Safe Labor published labor curves based on a cohort of pregnant women with normal neonatal outcomes. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) and Society of Maternal-Fetal Medicine responded with clinical recommendations and the proposal that a decrease in cesarean delivery (CD) rate could be achieved by avoiding the diagnosis of arrest of dilation at less than 6 cm.
A New Reference Source for Postmortem Body Measurements and Organ Weights in Neonates and Infants
Authors: Evetts Audrey-Ann M. , Shkrum Michael J. , Tugaleva Elena 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Reference charts for body and organ measurements of neonates and infants were derived from data on 900 investigations done by the Office of the Chief Coroner for Ontario. The statistical analyses in this new reference source addressed deficiencies in sources currently available to pathologists.
The present study also considered whether organ weights differed based on the classification of infant deaths using the original definition of either sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) or sudden unexplained death (SUDS) which considers cases occurring in an unsafe sleeping environment or under adverse socioeconomic conditions. Cases of SUDS for both sexes peaked in 5 to 16 weeks of age. The thymus in the SUDS/SIDS age groups less than 25 weeks weighed more than the control group. Adrenal weights in SUDS cases between 9 and 16 weeks weighed less than SIDS cases. This could mean that deaths in unsafe sleep environments are truly sudden in infants who may have a limited adrenal response to acute hypoxia but have been unaffected by preceding chronic stressors.
An Unusual Pediatric Case of Seronegative Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Presented With Acute Abdominal Pain and Gross Hematuria
Authors: Lee Eunjee , Yeo Min-Kyung , You Sun kyoung , Kim Yeo Koon , Ryu Seung , Lee Jiwon M. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
A child with acute abdomen with gross hematuria occasionally visits the emergency department (ED). Usually, such a condition is subject to differential diagnosis for stones, injuries, or sometimes malignancies in the urinary tract. Here we introduce an unusual case of a 9-year-old girl who presented to ED with acute lower abdominal pain and gross hematuria. She had no medical history. An urgent computed tomographic image revealed a renal vein thrombosis. Laboratory tests for autoimmune diseases and coagulaopathies were performed, and the results were within normal ranges. At the time, she did not fulfil the criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus or antiphospholipid syndrome. Later at follow-up, however, she had a recurrent episode of renal vein thrombosis. A kidney biopsy was performed to reveal histology of membranous lupus nephropathy. The case emphasizes the importance for both ED physicians and pediatricians to have a clinical suspicion of autoimmune diseases in cases with major vessel thrombosis, even when the patient is seronegative.
Zidovudine-Based Treatments Inhibit the Glycosylation of ADAM17 and Reduce CD163 Shedding From Monocytes
Authors: Chen Song , Wang Xiaoyu , Zhu Haipeng , Tang Qin , Du Wei , Cao Huanhuan , Lai Chunhui , Guo Weizhong , Fu Linchun , Lu Wei 
Published: May 2018

Background:
sCD163, a biomarker of monocyte-macrophage activation, has been identified as a predictor of all-cause mortality in treated HIV-infected individuals. Nevertheless, little is known about whether different antiretroviral drugs differentially regulate sCD163 levels and monocyte activation.

Methods:
A total of 123 patients receiving zidovudine (ZDV)-based (n = 55) or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)-based (n = 68) antiretroviral regimens were enrolled, and their viral loads, CD4 counts, as well as plasma sCD163 and sCD14 levels were quantified. Twenty-eight (14 in each group) patients donated additional blood samples for flow cytometry and gene expression analyses using purified monocytes. THP-1 cultures were also used to investigate the effect of ZDV on ADAM17, which is responsible for CD163 shedding.

Results:
As compared to the TDF-treated group, the ZDV-treated group had lower plasma sCD163 levels and higher CD163 expression on CD14++CD16− monocytes. Five metabolic-inflammatory genes exhibited significantly different expression levels between purified monocytes of the ZDV and TDF groups (IL-6, 2.90-fold lower in ZDV group, P < 0.001; iNOS, 1.81-fold higher; CX3CR1, 1.72-fold lower; MIP-1β, 1.10-fold lower; and PPARγ-1, 1.36-fold higher, P < 0.05). Moreover, we show that ZDV treatment increases the surface expression of CD163 in cultured THP-1 cells, accompanied by the inhibition of glycosylation and surface expression of ADAM17.

Conclusions:
Compared with TDF treatment, ZDV treatment causes lower plasma sCD163 levels, probably by inhibiting the glycosylation of ADAM17 and CD163 shedding. Our results show that ZDV functions as an ADAM17 inhibitor in vivo and extend our understanding of its immune-modulatory effects and adverse effects.
Prevalence and Associations of Avascular Necrosis of the Hip in a Large Well-characterized Cohort of Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Rolston Vineet S. , Patel Anish V. , Learch Thomas J. , Li Dalin , Karayev Dmitry , Williams Chadwick , Siddanthi Madhavi L. , Targan Stephan R. , Weisman Michael H. , McGovern Dermot P.B. 
Published: May 2018

Objectives
Avascular necrosis (AVN) is associated with significant morbidity potentially causing severe pain and disability; patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a higher prevalence of AVN compared with non-IBD populations. The purpose of our study was to determine the prevalence of AVN in our IBD population and to evaluate these subjects for the presence of clinical characteristics associated with AVN on computed tomography (CT) imaging.

Methods
In 1313 IBD patients with abdomen/pelvis CT scans, we identified 27 patients (2.1%) with CT findings consistent with AVN. Through historical chart review, we confirmed that most patients had prior exposure to steroids, although 2 patients had no documented steroid exposure at all.

Results
We found that 59% of the concurrent radiology reports did not comment on the presence of AVN, suggesting that incidental CT findings of AVN among IBD patients are likely underreported. Notably, we found that 63% of these cases had documented complaints of low-back and/or hip pain. Using logistic regression, we found an association between anti–neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–positive status across IBD (p = 0.007) and a smoking history in Crohn disease (p = 0.03) with the presence of AVN.

Conclusions
We found that a significant proportion of IBD patients with AVN are reported in their records as having hip or low-back pain, and review of CT imaging under dedicated bone windows may identify AVN among this population. Our findings also suggest that additional etiological factors, beyond corticosteroids, contribute to the development of AVN in IBD. Further investigation is warranted regarding the mechanisms associated with AVN in IBD.
Deconvolution of single-cell multi-omics layers reveals regulatory heterogeneity
Authors: Liu Longqi , Liu Chuanyu , Quintero Andrés , Wu Liang , Yuan Yue , Wang Mingyue , Cheng Mengnan , Leng Lizhi , Xu Liqin , Dong Guoyi , Li Rui , Liu Yang , Wei Xiaoyu , Xu Jiangshan , Chen Xiaowei , Lu Haorong , Chen Dongsheng , Wang Quanlei , Zhou Qing , Lin Xinxin , Li Guibo , Liu Shiping , Wang Qi , Wang Hongru , Fink J. Lynn , Gao Zhengliang , Liu Xin , Hou Yong , Zhu Shida , Yang Huanming , Ye Yunming , Lin Ge , Chen Fang , Herrmann Carl , Eils Roland , Shang Zhouchun , Xu Xun 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntegrative analysis of multi-omics layers at single cell level is critical for accurate dissection of cell-to-cell variation within certain cell populations. Here we report scCAT-seq, a technique for simultaneously assaying chromatin accessibility and the transcriptome within the same single cell. We show that the combined single cell signatures enable accurate construction of regulatory relationships between cis-regulatory elements and the target genes at single-cell resolution, providing a new dimension of features that helps direct discovery of regulatory patterns specific to distinct cell identities. Moreover, we generated the first single cell integrated maps of chromatin accessibility and transcriptome in human pre-implantation embryos and demonstrated the robustness of scCAT-seq in the precise dissection of master transcription factors in cells of distinct states during embryo development. The ability to obtain these two layers of omics data will help provide more accurate definitions of “single cell state” and enable the deconvolution of regulatory heterogeneity from complex cell populations.
OUTRIDER: A statistical method for detecting aberrantly expressed genes in RNA sequencing data
Authors: Brechtmann Felix , Matusevičiūtė Agnė , Mertes Christian , Yépez Vicente A , Avsec Žiga , Herzog Maximilian , Bader Daniel M , Prokisch Holger , Gagneur Julien 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is gaining popularity as a complementary assay to genome sequencing for precisely identifying the molecular causes of rare disorders. A powerful approach is to identify aberrant gene expression levels as potential pathogenic events. However, existing methods for detecting aberrant read counts in RNA-seq data either lack assessments of statistical significance, so that establishing cutoffs is arbitrary, or rely on subjective manual corrections for confounders. Here, we describe OUTRIDER (OUTlier in RNA-seq fInDER), an algorithm developed to address these issues. The algorithm uses an autoencoder to model read count expectations according to the co-variation among genes resulting from technical, environmental, or common genetic variations. Given these expectations, the RNA-seq read counts are assumed to follow a negative binomial distribution with a gene-specific dispersion. Outliers are then identified as read counts that significantly deviate from this distribution. The model is automatically fitted to achieve the best correction of artificially corrupted data. Precision–recall analyses using simulated outlier read counts demonstrated the importance of combining correction for co-variation and significance-based thresholds. OUTRIDER is open source and includes functions for filtering out genes not expressed in a data set, for identifying outlier samples with too many aberrantly expressed genes, and for the P-value-based detection of aberrant gene expression, with false discovery rate adjustment. Overall, OUTRIDER provides a computationally fast and scalable end-to-end solution for identifying aberrantly expressed genes, suitable for use by rare disease diagnostic platforms.
Active sensing with light improves predator detection in a diurnal fish
Authors: Santon Matteo , Bitton Pierre-Paul , Dehm Jasha , Fritsch Roland , Harant Ulrike K. , Anthes Nils , Michiels Nico K. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractActive sensing by means of light is rare. In vertebrates, it is known only from chemiluminescent fish with light organs below their pupils, an anatomical arrangement that is ideal to generate eyeshine in the pupils of nearby organisms. Here, we test whether diurnal fish can achieve the same by redirecting sunlight through reflection instead. We recently showed that small (< 5 cm), benthic, marine triplefin fish actively redirect downwelling light using their iris. We hypothesized that this mechanism allows triplefins to improve detection of a cryptic organism by generating eyeshine in its pupil. Here, we tested this by attaching small dark hats to triplefins to shade their iris from downwelling light. Two controls consisted of triplefins with a clear or no hat. These treatments test the prediction that light redirection increases the visual detection ability of triplefins. To this end, we placed treated fish in a tank with a display compartment containing either a stone as the control stimulus, or a scorpionfish, i.e. a cryptic, motionless triplefin predator with retroreflective eyes. After overnight acclimatization, we determined the average distance triplefins kept from the display compartment over two days. Both in the laboratory (n= 15 replicates per treatment) and in a similar field experiment at 15 m depth (n= 43 replicates per treatment) fish kept longer distances from the scorpionfish than from the stone. This response varied between hat treatments: shaded triplefins stayed significantly closer to the scorpionfish in the laboratory and in one of two orientations tested in the field. A follow-up field experiment at 10 m depth revealed the immediate response of triplefins to a scorpionfish. At first, many individuals (n= 80) moved towards it, with shaded triplefins getting significantly closer. All individuals then gradually moved to a safer distance at the opposite half of the tank. Visual modelling supported the experimental results by showing that triplefins can redirect enough light with their iris to increase a scorpionfish’s pupil brightness above detection threshold at a distance of 7 cm under average field conditions and at more than 12 cm under favorable conditions. We conclude that triplefins are generally good in the visual detection of a cryptic predator, but can significantly improve this ability when able to redirect downwelling light with their iris and induce eyeshine in the predator’s pupil. We discuss the consequences of “diurnal active photolocation” for visual detection and camouflage among fish species.