bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Representation of Social Work in the Canadian Healthcare Setting: Negotiating a Professional Identity
Authors: Lévesque Maude , Negura Lilian , Gaucher Charles , Molgat Marc 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOur article concerns the social representation of social work held by professional social workers in a Canadian healthcare setting. While there have been extensive theoretical debates on the professional identity of social workers, little is known about the representation of social work held by practitioners themselves. To better understand the viewpoints of practitioners, we performed an integrated content analysis of 30 semi-directed interviews focussing on the question of professional identity with clinical social workers practicing in three Canadian cities. The analysis identified four elements organising the social representation of social work: ‘counselling for support’, ‘empowerment and respect’, ‘social justice’ and ‘compassionate vocation’. Each element has implications for the daily practice of the profession, the cultivation of resilience and the core values of social work. This article further discusses the respondents’ perception of outside views of the profession and explores the tensions between the values of social work and its implementation in an institutional setting. This research seeks to open new lines of inquiry about social work based on the experiences and points of view of front-line practitioners. In proposing our representational analysis of the professional identity of social workers, we hope to further the understanding of social work in general.
Reconstructive surgery for Ebstein anomaly: three decades of experience
Authors: Veen Kevin M , Mokhles Mostafa M , Roos-Hesselink Jolien W , Rebel Bas R , Takkenberg Johanna J M , Bogers Ad J J C 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOBJECTIVESSince 1988, our centre employs vertical plication repair with deattachment and reattachment of the tricuspid valve for Ebstein anomaly. This study describes the characteristics and long-term outcomes of our single-centre cohort.METHODSData from all patients operated on between 1988 and 2016 were retrospectively collected. Kaplan–Meier analyses were done for survival data and mixed models were used to analyse longitudinally collected clinical and echocardiography data.RESULTSThirty-six patients (mean age: 25.4 ± 15.9 years, 36% male) were operated on using the Carpentier–Chauvaud 21 (58%) or Cone repair 15 (42%). One patient (3%) died in hospital. Two late deaths were observed, yielding a survival of 97 ± 3% at 25 years. Reoperation was performed in 6 patients after a mean follow-up of 14.1 ± 10.3 years, resulting in a freedom of reoperation of 80 ± 8% at 25 years. During follow-up, predicted probability of being in New York Heart Association III/IV did not exceed 10%. Modelling longitudinal evolution of tricuspid regurgitation showed no major changes over time. Additionally, a rigid ring repair was associated with a higher probability of tricuspid regurgitation, especially after the first years after the operation. A full Cone repair was associated with less progression of tricuspid regurgitation over time.CONCLUSIONSRepair of Ebstein abnomaly is associated with low mortality and morbidity, acceptable reoperation rate and excellent valve function over time, especially in patients with completed Cone repair. Therefore, we conclude that in our centre, repair of Ebstein abnomaly is a durable technique to treat patients.
Soft tissue facial profile in Class III malocclusion: long-term post-pubertal effects produced by the Face Mask Protocol
Authors: Pavoni Chiara , Gazzani Francesca , Franchi Lorenzo , Loberto Saveria , Lione Roberta , Cozza Paola 
Published: January 2019

SummaryObjectivesThe objective of this study was to analyze soft tissue changes produced by rapid maxillary expansion and facial mask therapy in growing Class III patients.MaterialsThe treated group consisted of 32 Caucasian patients (15 females and 17 males) with dentoskeletal Class III malocclusion treated with the Face Mask Protocol (FMP, rapid maxillary expander, facial mask, and removable lower bite-block). All patients were evaluated before treatment (T1; mean age, 8.4 years), at the end of active treatment (T2; mean age, 10.7 years), and at a post-pubertal follow-up observation (T3; mean age, 15.8 years). The treated group was compared with a matched control group of 20 untreated subjects (10 females and 10 males) with dentoskeletal Class III malocclusion. Statistical comparisons between two groups were performed with the independent samples t-test (P < 0.05).ResultsSignificant improvements were found during the long-term T1–T3 interval for profile facial angle (–5.8°), nasolabial angle (–4.4°), mandibular sulcus (–10.3°), upper lip protrusion (+0.7 mm), and lower lip protrusion (–1.1 mm) in the treated group. No significant post-pubertal effects were found in terms of lower face percentage between two groups.LimitationsThis study has a retrospective design and it used a historical control sample.ConclusionThe FMP induced positive effects on soft tissue facial profile with a good long-term post-pubertal stability.
Nana Asma'u bint Usman ‘dan Fodio
Authors: Mack Beverly 
Published: January 2019

Nana Asma’u bint Usman ‘dan Fodio (b. 1793–d. 1864/5 ce; Gregorian calendar dates vary in concordance with the Islamic calendar) was a Fulani poet, scholar, and teacher of both men and women in the area that gave rise to the city of Sokoto, in northern Nigeria. She was also an activist who used her poetic works to model behavior and promote reformed Islam. The clan name Fodio (also spelled Fodiyo) means “learned”; all children in the extended family were educated by their mothers and fathers. They were literate in Fulfulde, their first language; in Arabic, the pedagogical language; and Hausa, the lingua franca of the region. All three languages were written in Arabic script. Several individuals, including Asma’u, also acquired a working knowledge of spoken Tamchek, the language of the itinerant Tuareg. Asma’u was a daughter of Shehu Usman ‘dan Fodio (b. 1754–d. 1817), leader of the Sokoto Jihad (1803–1830) of Islamic reform, which began when she was ten years old. As an intelligent, articulate youngster, Asma’u readily absorbed the political ramifications of local kings’ oppression of Muslims and syncretic practices of non-Islamic and Islamic customs, which actions precipitated the Jihad. When she began to write her own long poetic works, the poems included her views about these conflicts, character evaluations of the primary historical personages of the time, and straightforward explanations of Islamic tenets of belief. Influenced by Qur’anic literary style, Asma’u wrote her poems in specific rhyme and meter, rendering them more easily memorized through repeated recitation. These mnemonic devices were useful in the program of women’s education of women, the ‘Yan Taru (Hausa, “the Associates”), which Asma’u established for the purpose of re-educating society according to reformed, mainstream Islam. Also evident in her poetic works are the theosophical perspectives inherent in Qadiriyya Sufi tenets (based on the teachings of Iranian Abdul Qadir Gilani, b. 1077–d. 1166 ce), which framed the Fodio family’s Islamic practices. Asma’u’s father’s mystic Sufi experiences began around the time of her birth and are said to account for his having named her; Asma’u was a twin, and the Islamic custom was to name twins gender-appropriate versions of Hassan and Hussein, commemorating the Prophet Muhammad’s grandsons. The Shehu duly named his son Hassan, but Asma’u was named after the historical Asma, daughter of Abu Bakr, the Prophet’s close friend. The historical Asma was known for having saved the Prophet Muhammad and her father by providing them with water during their escape from Makkah on their hejira to Medinah. The Shehu is said to have seen in a dream that his daughter would be equally important to the success of his own hejira and promotion of reformed Islam. That Asma’u’s ‘Yan Taru program has served to educate rural women for a century and a half since its inception proves the Shehu’s expectations about Asma’u’s legacy correct.
Manuel Chrysoloras
Authors: Hobbs Christopher 
Published: January 2019

Manuel Chrysoloras (b. c. 1350–d. 1415) was a Byzantine diplomat and influential teacher of early Italian humanists. Leonardo Bruni claimed that the study of Greek had been dead in Italy for seven hundred years until Chrysoloras revived it singlehandedly. While certainly exaggerated, such claims underscore the enthusiasm with which Chrysoloras was embraced by his pupils. A friend of the emperor, Manuel II Palaiologos, he left Constantinople to take up a professorship in Florence (1397 to 1400) at the behest of Coluccio Salutati. It was his diplomatic missions, however, that first brought Chrysoloras to Italy (Venice in the 1390s): he sought to win western military support for Byzantium against the rising Ottoman tide. He visited Venice, Padua, Genoa, Paris, London, Salisbury, Barcelona, and Bologna (1406–1411). Subsequently he settled in Rome (1411–1413) seeking to persuade the pope to convene a church council; he died at (or on the way to) the Council of Constance on 15 April 1415. Ultimately he converted to Catholicism. His pupils included Poggio Bracciolini, Leonardo Bruni, Guarino da Verona, Carlo Marsuppini, Niccolò Niccoli, Palla Strozzi, and Pier Paolo Vergerio the Elder. His influence lies chiefly in the enthusiasm for Greek scholarship which he instilled in his prominent pupils. His literary output, however, was rather small. He left behind a Comparison of the Old and New Rome in which he compared Constantinople and Rome. He wrote a textbook on Greek grammar, his Erotemata (Questions), which circulated widely and was the first Greek grammar to be printed (c. 1471). It was later used by Erasmus and Reuchlin; Guarino translated it into Latin. Chrysoloras was, unquestionably, a key figure in bringing Greek scholarship to Italy.
Georges Méliès
Authors: Tralongo Stéphane 
Published: January 2019

Georges Méliès (b. 1861–d. 1938) was a magician and a French cinema pioneer with an extensive, inventive, and protean body of work. His films have been celebrated for both their technical innovations and their imaginary worlds, having at times a fantastic air and at others the appearance of fairy plays. The son of a manufacturer who made his fortune in the production of luxury footwear, in the 1880s Méliès went against his father’s wishes by learning the art of magic. With his share of the family business, he acquired and from 1888 to 1914 ran a famous Parisian theatre specializing in magic, the Théâtre Robert-Houdin. Méliès worked mostly behind the scenes, where his administrative activities went hand in hand with the creation of a repertoire of illusions. Keeping a foot in the magic field as president of the Chambre syndicale de la prestidigitation from 1904 to 1934, he became interested in the cinematograph early on, and added films to his theatre’s programming in April 1896. From 1896 to 1912 he worked intensively in the manufacture of films, employing an artisanal mode of production: he took on the roles of author, draftsman, painter, actor, and director, and he financed his own work. Distancing himself from the Lumière model, Méliès preferred to produce “artificially arranged scenes” in the studio he built in 1897, and later in a second studio built in 1907. Although his output of around 520 films was extremely varied, he specialized in “fantastic pictures” based on both stage tricks and the reiteration of these tricks thanks to the technical possibilities of cinema. In 1902, his film A Trip to the Moon was seen around the world, but largely at Méliès’ expense because of the massive pirating of the film in the United States. As chair of two international congresses of film producers in Paris in 1908 and 1909, Méliès helped organize the film industry, but new production, distribution, and exhibition methods forced him to suspend the manufacture of films in 1909. He made a final six films for the Pathé company in the years 1911 and 1912. During the First World War, he acted in dramatic and lyric plays in his second studio, which was converted into the Théâtre des Variétés artistiques from 1917 to 1923. When he was rediscovered in the mid-1920s, numerous filmmakers paid him tribute (René Clair, Abel Gance, Hans Richter, etc.), and he himself contributed to valorizing his work.
Marco Polo
Authors: Whitfield Susan 
Published: January 2019

Marco Polo (b. 1254–d. 1324), from a family of Venetian merchants, was only one among many merchants and missionaries who visited east Asia during the 13th and 14th centuries, but the account of his journey—variously rendered into English as The Travels or The Description of the World—became one of the most influential books of its time. No original text survives, but around 135 manuscript copies of translations into many European languages made over the following centuries are extant. Both Marco Polo’s Authorship and the Authenticity of the text have been subject to much discussion. The book continues to be influential in the modern era, giving rise to a rich field of scholarship, inspiring literary works, and being used as a brand to encapsulate luxury travel to exotic destinations.
The two most important questions for ethical public health
Authors: Coggon John , Gostin Lawrence O 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPublic health ethics is a distinct and established field, and it is important that its approaches and rationales are understood widely in the public health community. Such understanding includes the capacity to identify and combine principled and practical concerns in public health. In this paper, we present a background to the ideas that motivate public health ethics as a field of research and practice, and rationalize these through a critical ethico-legal approach to analysis. Two essential points of inquiry are identified and formulated to allow philosophical and practical agendas regarding public health to be combined. These come through asking the theoretical question ‘what makes health public?’; and the practical question ‘how do we make health public?’. We argue that these two questions require to be addressed if we are to achieve a robust and rigorous, ethical public health.
Evaluation of a Medicaid Lock-in Program
Authors: Naumann Rebecca B. , Roberts Andrew W. , Marshall Stephen W. , Skinner Asheley C. 
Published: January 2019

Background:
“Lock-in” programs (LIPs) identify beneficiaries demonstrating potential overutilization of opioids, and other controlled substances, and restrict their access to these medications. LIPs are expanding to address the opioid crisis and could be an effective tool for connecting people to opioid use disorder treatment. We examined the immediate and sustained effects of a Medicaid LIP on overdose risk and use of medication-assisted treatment (MAT) for opioid use disorder.

Methods:
We analyzed North Carolina Medicaid claims from July 2009 through June 2013. We estimated daily risk differences and ratios of MAT use and overdose during lock-in and following release from the program, compared with periods before program enrollment.

Results:
The daily probability of MAT use during lock-in and following release was greater, when compared with a period just before LIP enrollment [daily risk ratios: 1.50, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.18–1.91; 2.27, 95% CI: 1.07–4.80; respectively]. Beneficiaries’ average overdose risk while enrolled in the program and following release was similar to their risk just before enrollment (daily risk ratios: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.79–1.28; 1.12, 95% CI: 0.82–1.54; respectively).

Discussion:
North Carolina’s Medicaid LIP was associated with increased use of MAT during enrollment, and this increase was sustained in the year following release from the program. However, we did not observe parallel reductions in overdose risk during lock-in and following release. Identifying facilitators of MAT access and use among this population, as well as potential barriers to overdose reduction are important next steps to ensuring effective LIP design.
Personality homophily affects male social bonding in wild Assamese macaques (Macaca assamensis)
Authors: Ebenau Anja , von Borell Christoph , Penke Lars , Ostner Julia , Schülke Oliver 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACtAnimal social bonds are defined as stable, equitable and strong affiliative and cooperative relationships similar to human friendships. Just as human friendships, social bonds are thought to function as alliances that generate adaptive benefits via support in critical situations. In humans, similarity in many sociodemographic, behavioural and intrapersonal characteristics leads to trust and is predictive of friendships. Specifically, personality homophily, that is the tendency of individuals to form social bonds with others who have a similar personality, may increase predictability and facilitate trust and reciprocity among partners with compatible behavioural tendencies. While evidence for social bonding in nonhumans is accumulating, far less is known about its predictors. Here, personality homophily effects on the formation and maintenance of social bonds are shown in twenty-four wild male Assamese macaques (Macaca assamensis), at Phu Khieo Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand. Dyadic bond strength increased with increased similarity in the trait Connectedness (i.e. frequent and diverse neighbours in 5m proximity and pronounced social tolerance, as high rates of friendly approaches to and by others). To differentiate whether homophily indeed predicted bond formation or whether bonded males’ personalities became more similar over time, we tested the stability of the connectedness traits in a subset of immigrating males that had to form new bonds. Connectedness in these males remained stable suggesting that males do not adapt their personality to their partner. Our results support the idea of a shared evolutionary origin of homophily as a partner choice strategy in human and non-human animals. The main selective advantage of personality similarity in animal social bonds may result from a more reliable cooperation among individuals with similar cooperative behavioural tendencies.
Wingless promotes JNK/MMPs positive feedback loop mediate tumour microtubes expansion, glioma progression and neurodegeneration
Authors: Portela Marta , Fahey-Lozano Natasha , Casas-Tintó Sergio 
Published: January 2019

SummaryGlial cells display a network of projections (cytonemes) which mediate cell to cell communication. Under pathological conditions like glioblastoma (GB), cytonemes transform into ultra-long tumour microtubes (TMs). These filopodia infiltrate through the brain, enwrap neurons and deplete wingless (Wg)/WNT, as a consequence GB progress and neurons undergo synapse loss and degeneration. Thus TMs emerge as a central cellular feature of GB which correlates with a poor prognosis in patients and animal models. Here we describe in aDrosophilamodel for GB the molecular mechanisms behind TMs production, infiltration and maintenance. Glial cells are initially transformed into malignant GB upon EGFR and PI3K pathways constitutive activation, afterwards GB cells establish a positive feedback loop including Wg signalling, JNK and matrix metalloproteases (MMP). In order, Frizzled1 mediates Wg signalling upregulation which activates JNK in GB. As a consequence, MMPs are upregulated and facilitate TMs infiltration in the brain, hence GB TMs network expands and mediate further wingless depletion to close the loop.
Assessing the remarkable morphological diversity and transcriptomic basis of leaf shape inIpomoea batatas(sweetpotato)
Authors: Gupta Sonal , Rosenthal David M. , Stinchcombe John R. , Baucom Regina S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLeaf shape, a spectacularly diverse plant trait, varies across taxonomic levels, geography, and in response to environmental differences. However, comprehensive intraspecific analyses of leaf shape variation across variable environments is surprisingly absent. Here, we perform a multi-level analysis of leaf shape using diverse accessions of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas), and uncover the role of genetics, environment, and GxE on this important trait.We examine leaf shape using a variety of morphometric analyses, and complement this with a transcriptomic survey to identify gene expression changes associated with shape variation. Additionally, we examine the role of genetics and environment on leaf shape by performing field studies in two geographically separate common gardens.We show that extensive leaf shape variation exists withinI. batatas, and identify promising candidate genes underlying this variation. Interestingly, when considering traditional measures, we find that genetic factors are largely responsible for most of leaf shape variation, but that the environment is highly influential when using more quantitative measuresvialeaf outlines.This extensive and multi-level examination of leaf shape shows an important role of genetics underlying a potentially important agronomic trait, and highlights that the environment can be a strong influence when using more quantitative measures of leaf shape.
Synthesis, structure and antiproliferative and optical activities of two new biphenyl-derived Schiff bases
Authors: Tan Xue-Jie , Zhang Ling-Yao , Sun Yuan-Kai , Zhou Xue-Min 
Published: January 2019

Two novel Schiff bases derived from indole and biphenyl have been designed and synthesized, namely 3-((E)-{(E)-[1-(biphenyl-4-yl)ethylidene]hydrazinylidene}methyl)-1-methyl-1H-indole (3-BEHMI) acetonitrile monosolvate, C24H21N3·CH3CN, and 3-((E)-{(E)-[1-(biphenyl-4-yl)ethylidene]hydrazinylidene}methyl)-1-methyl-1H-indole (3-BEHEI) acetonitrile monosolvate, C24H21N3·CH3CN. Their structures were characterized by elemental analysis, quadrupole time-of-flight MS, NMR and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The single-crystal packing structure of3-BEHMIis largely dominated by C—H...π interactions and weak van der Waals interactions. Thein vitrocytotoxicity of the two title compounds have been evaluated against two tumour cell lines (A549 human lung cancer and 4T1mouse breast cancer) and two normal cell lines (MRC-5 normal lung cells and NIH 3T3 fibroblasts) by MTT assay. The results indicate that3-BEHEIexhibits a slightly weaker antiproliferative capability (IC50= ∼50 µM) than the previously reported similar Schiff base3-BEHI(IC50 = ∼20 µM). This is in line with docking results.3-BEHMIdemonstrates a weak cytotoxic activity, with IC50values around 110 µM, which disagrees with its docking results. Overall, the tested compounds manifest relevant cytotoxicities on the selected cancer cell lines and normal cell lines. The UV–Vis and fluorescence spectra were recorded and reproduced through the TD-DFT method with four types of hybrid density functionals, including B3LYP, M062X, PBE1PBE and WB97XD.