bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Along-shelf connectivity and circumpolar gene flow in Antarctic silverfish (Pleuragramma antarctica)
Authors: Caccavo Jilda Alicia , Papetti Chiara , Wetjen Maj , Knust Rainer , Ashford Julian R. , Zane Lorenzo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe Antarctic silverfish (Pleuragramma antarctica) is a critically important forage species with a circumpolar distribution and is unique among other notothenioid species for its wholly pelagic life cycle. Previous studies have provided mixed evidence of population structure over regional and circumpolar scales. The aim of the present study was to test the recent population hypothesis for Antarctic silverfish, which emphasizes the interplay between life history and hydrography in shaping connectivity. A total of 1067 individuals were collected over 25 years from different locations on a circumpolar scale. Samples were genotyped at fifteen microsatellites to assess population differentiation and genetic structuring using clustering methods, F-statistics, and hierarchical analysis of variance. A lack of differentiation was found between locations connected by the Antarctic Slope Front Current (ASF), indicative of high levels of gene flow. However, gene flow was significantly reduced at the South Orkney Islands and the western Antarctic Peninsula where the ASF is absent. This pattern of gene flow emphasized the relevance of large-scale circulation as a mechanism for circumpolar connectivity. Chaotic genetic patchiness characterized population structure over time, with varying patterns of differentiation observed between years, accompanied by heterogeneous standard length distributions. The present study supports a more nuanced version of the genetic panmixia hypothesis that reflects physical-biological interactions over the life history.
Nucleus-specific X-ray stain for 3D virtual histology
Authors: Müller Mark , Kimm Melanie A. , Ferstl Simone , Allner Sebastian , Achterhold Klaus , Herzen Julia , Pfeiffer Franz , Busse Madleen 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHistological investigations are indispensable with regards to the identification of structural tissue details but are limited to two-dimensional images, which are often visualized in one and the same plane for comparison reasons. Nondestructive three-dimensional technologies such as X-ray micro- and nanoCT have proven to provide valuable benefits for the understanding of anatomical structures as they allow visualization of structural details in 3D and from arbitrary viewing angles. Nevertheless, low attenuation of soft tissue has hampered their application in the field of 3D virtual histology. We present a hematein-based X-ray staining method that specifically targets the cell nuclei of cells, as demonstrated for a whole liver lobule of a mouse. Combining the novel staining protocol with the high resolving power of a recently developed nanoCT system enables the 3D visualization of tissue architecture in the nanometer range, thereby revealing the real 3D morphology and spatial distribution of the cell nuclei. Furthermore, our technique is compatible with conventional histology, as microscopic slides can be derived from the very same stained soft-tissue sample and further counter staining is possible. Thus, our methodology demonstrates future applicability for modern histopathology using laboratory X-ray CT devices.
Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes can bind to host receptors integrins αVβ3 and αVβ6 through DBLδ1_D4 domain of PFL2665c PfEMP1 protein
Authors: Chesnokov Olga , Merritt Jordan , Tcherniuk Sergey O. , Milman Neta , Oleinikov Andrew V. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMajor complications and mortality from Plasmodium falciparum malaria are associated with cytoadhesion of parasite-infected erythrocytes (IE). The main parasite ligands for cytoadhesion are members of the P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) family. Interactions of different host receptor-ligand pairs may lead to various pathological outcomes, like placental or cerebral malaria. It has been shown previously that IE can bind integrin αVβ3. Using bead-immobilized PfEMP1 constructs, we have identified that the PFL2665c DBLδ1_D4 domain binds to αVβ3 and αVβ6. A parasite line expressing PFL2665c binds to surface-immobilized αVβ3 and αVβ6; both are RGD motif-binding integrins. Interactions can be inhibited by cyloRGDFV peptide, an antagonist of RGD-binding integrins. This is a first, to the best of our knowledge, implication of a specific PfEMP1 domain for binding to integrins. These host receptors have important physiological functions in endothelial and immune cells; therefore, these results will contribute to future studies and a better understanding, at the molecular level, of the physiological outcome of interactions between IE and integrin receptors on the surface of host cells.
Female adipose tissue-specific Bscl2 knockout mice develop only moderate metabolic dysfunction when housed at thermoneutrality and fed a high-fat diet
Authors: Mcilroy George D. , Mitchell Sharon E. , Han Weiping , Delibegović Mirela , Rochford Justin J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMutations affecting the BSCL2 gene cause the most severe form of congenital generalised lipodystrophy. Affected individuals almost completely lack adipose tissue and suffer from severe diabetes and metabolic complications. Likewise, mice lacking Bscl2 in all tissues have dramatically reduced adipose mass, glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinaemia. However, male adipose tissue-specific Bscl2 knockout mice fail to develop the metabolic dysfunction observed in Bscl2 null mice and BSCL2 deficient patients, despite a similar generalised lack of adipose tissues. Clinical reports indicate gender differences frequently exist in cases of lipodystrophy, with female patients more adversely affected than male patients. We therefore generated and characterised female mice lacking Bscl2 specifically in adipose tissue (Ad-B2(−/−)). We show that female Ad-B2(−/−) mice also develop early-onset lipodystrophy when fed a chow diet and are maintained under standard housing conditions (21 °C) or thermoneutrality (30 °C). Despite this, female Ad-B2(−/−) mice fail to develop severe metabolic dysfunction. Only when female Ad-B2(−/−) mice are maintained at thermoneutrality and fed a high-fat diet do subtle alterations to metabolic homeostasis manifest. This is despite a striking inability to expand adipose mass. Our findings provide further evidence that loss of Bscl2 in non-adipose tissues may contribute to the severity of metabolic dysfunction in this condition.
Essential oils sensory quality and their bioactivity against the mosquito Aedes albopictus
Authors: Bedini S. , Flamini G. , Ascrizzi R. , Venturi F. , Ferroni G. , Bader A. , Girardi J. , Conti B. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRepellents are a main tool to prevent the outbreak of mosquito-borne diseases that represents a threat for millions of people worldwide. Plant-based products are very promising, low-toxic and eco-friendly alternative to synthetic repellents. Here, we performed an olfactory screening of the essential oils (EOs) ofArtemisia verlotiorumLamotte (Asteraceae),Lavandula dentataL. (Lamiaceae), andRuta chalepensisL. (Rutaceae) for their possible use as ingredients in topical repellents. The EOs smell profiles were then matched with their repellence against the mosquitoAedes albopictus(Skuse) (Diptera Culicidae). To obtain a more complete bioactivity description, we also tested the EOs oviposition deterrence and the larvicidal activity. The best smell profile was associated withA.verlotiorumEO, whileR.chalepensisEO showed the lowest overall pleasantness. All the EOs had a significant activity as skin repellent againstAe.albopictus, deterred the oviposition in the field, and exerted a clear larvicidal activity. Beside the best smell profile,A.verlotiorumEO showed also the longest lasting repellent effect, assuring the complete protection of the treated skin againstAe.albopictusfor a time 60% longer than the synthetic repellent DEET.
Miniscule differences between sex chromosomes in the giant genome of a salamander
Authors: Keinath Melissa C. , Timoshevskaya Nataliya , Timoshevskiy Vladimir A. , Voss S. Randal , Smith Jeramiah J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn the Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum), sex is determined by a single Mendelian factor, yet its sex chromosomes do not exhibit morphological differentiation typical of many vertebrate taxa that possess a single sex-determining locus. As sex chromosomes are theorized to differentiate rapidly, species with undifferentiated sex chromosomes provide the opportunity to reconstruct early events in sex chromosome evolution. Whole genome sequencing of 48 salamanders, targeted chromosome sequencing and in situ hybridization were used to identify the homomorphic sex chromosome that carries an A. mexicanum sex-determining factor and sequences that are present only on the W chromosome. Altogether, these sequences cover ~300 kb of validated female-specific (W chromosome) sequence, representing ~1/100,000th of the 32 Gb genome. Notably, a recent duplication of ATRX, a gene associated with mammalian sex-determining pathways, is one of few functional (non-repetitive) genes identified among these W-specific sequences. This duplicated gene (ATRW) was used to develop highly predictive markers for diagnosing sex and represents a strong candidate for a recently-acquired sex determining locus (or sexually antagonistic gene) in A. mexicanum.
Cognitively Demanding Object Negotiation While Walking and Texting
Authors: Chopra Preeti , Castelli Darla M. , Dingwell Jonathan B. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCell phone related pedestrian injuries are increasing, but the underlying causes remain unclear. Here, we studied how cell phone use directly affected obstacle avoidance ability. Thirty healthy adults participated. Cognitive capacity was quantified using standard tests. Participants walked on a treadmill in a virtual reality environment with and without performing a texting-like cell phone task. Participants also navigated either ‘no’, ‘simple’ or ‘complex’ object negotiation tasks that directly manipulated the cognitive complexity of this object negotiation task. Cell phone use led to more collisions, delayed responses, and increased variability of responses when navigating objects. Mean object avoidance responses were further delayed for the cognitively more complex object negotiation task. Individuals’ baseline attentional capacity inversely predicted the number of object collisions when participants used the cell phone. Individuals with higher cognitive flexibility (i.e., better ability to switch between tasks) performed better on the cell phone task when they had to negotiate obstacles. Importantly, cognitive ability predicted performance only when both tasks (texting and negotiating objects) were being performed. Thus, using a cell phone while walking introduces a visual distraction that impairs healthy adults’ ability to respond to cognitively demanding object negotiation tasks in their environment.
Niacin, alkaloids and (poly)phenolic compounds in the most widespread Italian capsule-brewed coffees
Authors: Angelino Donato , Tassotti Michele , Brighenti Furio , Del Rio Daniele , Mena Pedro 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCoffee is one of the most popular beverages worldwide and, nowadays, one of the most practical way for its preparation is by prepacked capsules. The aim of this study was comparing the content in caffeine, trigonelline, N-methylpyridinium (NMP), niacin, and chlorogenic acids of 65 different capsule-brewed coffees, commercialised by 5 of the most representative brands in Italy. Coffees were prepared from capsules following manufacturer’s instructions and analysed with an optimized UHPLC-MS/MS method able to assess all these phytochemicals in one single run. Inter-lot and capsule variability were also studied for a subset of coffee capsules. Except for decaffeinated coffees, caffeine amount accounted between 54 and 208 mg/serving. Regular espresso coffees showed higher trigonelline, NMP, and niacin concentrations than large (lungo) and decaffeinated samples, with average serving amounts of 17.96, 1.78, and 0.66 mg, respectively. Regarding chlorogenic acids, caffeoylquinic acids were the most relevant ones (20–117 mg/serving). Feruloylquinic acids were quantified between 8 and 50 mg/serving. Coumaroylquinic acids, hydroxycinnamate dimers, caffeoylshikimic acids, and caffeoylquinic lactones were also present at lower concentrations. Multivariate analysis provided comprehensive information on the phytochemical profile of the different types of coffee, showing a great variability among coffees with some brand-related insights. This study supports the need for accurately characterizing espresso coffees while investigating the beneficial effects of coffee on human health.
Individual spindle detection and analysis in high-density recordings across the night and in thalamic stroke
Authors: Mensen A. , Poryazova R. , Huber R. , Bassetti C. L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSleep spindles are thalamocortical oscillations associated with several behavioural and clinical phenomena. In clinical populations, spindle activity has been shown to be reduced in schizophrenia, as well as after thalamic stroke. Automatic spindle detection algorithms present the only feasible way to systematically examine individual spindle characteristics. We took an established algorithm for spindle detection, and adapted it to high-density EEG sleep recordings. To illustrate the detection and analysis procedure, we examined how spindle characteristics changed across the night and introduced a linear mixed model approach applied to individual spindles in adults (n = 9). Next we examined spindle characteristics between a group of paramedian thalamic stroke patients (n = 9) and matched controls. We found a high spindle incidence rate and that, from early to late in the night, individual spindle power increased with the duration and globality of spindles; despite decreases in spindle incidence and peak-to-peak amplitude. In stroke patients, we found that only left-sided damage reduced individual spindle power. Furthermore, reduction was specific to posterior/fast spindles. Altogether, we demonstrate how state-of-the-art spindle detection techniques, applied to high-density recordings, and analysed using advanced statistical approaches can yield novel insights into how both normal and pathological circumstances affect sleep.
Development of transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans expressing human transthyretin as a model for drug screening
Authors: Tsuda Yukimoto , Yamanaka Kunitoshi , Toyoshima Risa , Ueda Mitsuharu , Masuda Teruaki , Misumi Yohei , Ogura Teru , Ando Yukio 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFamilial amyloid polyneuropathy is a hereditary systemic amyloidosis caused by a mutation in the transthyretin (TTR) gene. Amyloid deposits in tissues of patients contain not only full-length TTR but also C-terminal TTR fragments. However, in vivo models to evaluate the pathogenicity of TTR fragments have not yet been developed. Here, we generated transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans strains expressing several types of TTR fragments or full-length TTR fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein in the body wall muscle cells and analyzed the phenotypes of the worms. The transgenic strain expressing residues 81–127 of TTR, which included the β-strands F and H, formed aggregates and caused defective worm motility and a significantly shortened lifespan compared with other strains. These findings suggest that the C-terminal fragments of TTR may contribute to cytotoxicity of TTR amyloidosis in vivo. By using this C. elegans model system, we found that (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, a major polyphenol in green tea, significantly inhibited the formation of aggregates, the defective motility, and the shortened lifespan caused by residues 81–127 of TTR. These results suggest that our newly developed C. elegans model system will be useful for in vivo pathological analyses of TTR amyloidosis as well as drug screening.
Tunnel spectroscopy of localised electronic states in hexagonal boron nitride
Authors: Greenaway M. T. , Vdovin E. E. , Ghazaryan D. , Misra A. , Mishchenko A. , Cao Y. , Wang Z. , Wallbank J. R. , Holwill M. , Khanin Yu.N. , Morozov S. V. , Watanabe K. , Taniguchi T. , Makarovsky O. , Fromhold T. M. , Patanè A. , Geim A. K. , Fal’ko V. I. , Novoselov K. S. , Eaves L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHexagonal boron nitride is a large band gap layered crystal, frequently incorporated in van der Waals heterostructures as an insulating or tunnel barrier. Localised states with energies within its band gap can emit visible light, relevant to applications in nanophotonics and quantum information processing. However, they also give rise to conducting channels, which can induce electrical breakdown when a large voltage is applied. Here we use gated tunnel transistors to study resonant electron tunnelling through the localised states in few atomic-layer boron nitride barriers sandwiched between two monolayer graphene electrodes. The measurements are used to determine the energy, linewidth, tunnelling transmission probability, and depth within the barrier of more than 50 distinct localised states. A three-step process of electron percolation through two spatially separated localised states is also investigated.
The Development of a Self-Efficacy Measurement Tool For Counseling in Speech-Language Pathology
Authors: Victorino Kristen R. , Hinkle Michelle S. 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
This study aimed to develop and administer an adapted survey tool to measure counseling skills in graduate students and early-career speech-language pathologists, focusing on the concept of counselor self-efficacy.

Method

An online survey, adapted from the Counselor Activity Self-Efficacy Scales (
Lent, Hill, & Hoffman, 2003
), was administered. Two hundred ninety-four surveys were completed. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted, along with measures of reliability and validity, in order to determine the psychometric properties of the tool.

Results
Factor analysis supported a 5-factor solution, with subscales reflecting Emotional Support Skills, Session Management Skills, and Helping Skills in 3 domains: Exploration, Insight, and Action. Strong internal consistency was found for each subscale and for the total scale scores. Significant intercorrelations between subscale scores were expected and confirmed. Construct validity was examined with reference to American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and Council for Academic Accreditation in Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology practice guidelines and clinical competencies. Preliminary comparative data were analyzed to demonstrate utility of the tool in measuring effects of experience on self-efficacy ratings.

Conclusion
The adapted Counselor Activity Self-Efficacy Scales for speech-language pathologists is psychometrically sound; factor analysis, reliability, and validity were in line with reported values for the original survey tool. Potential uses for the survey tool within the field of speech-language pathology are discussed, along with implications for graduate education and clinical supervision related to counseling skills.
Semiconservative reduced speed of sound technique for low Mach number flows with large density variations
Authors: Iijima H. , Hotta H. , Imada S. 
Published: December 2018

Context. The reduced speed of sound technique (RSST) has been used for efficient simulation of low Mach number flows in solar and stellar convection zones. The basic RSST equations are hyperbolic and are suitable for parallel computation by domain decomposition. The application of RSST is limited to cases in which density perturbations are much smaller than the background density. In addition, nonconservative variables are required to be evolved using this method, which is not suitable in cases where discontinuities such as shock waves coexist in a single numerical domain.
Aims. In this study, we suggest a new semiconservative formulation of the RSST that can be applied to low Mach number flows with large density variations.
Methods. We derive the wave speed of the original and newly suggested methods to clarify that these methods can reduce the speed of sound without affecting the entropy wave. The equations are implemented using the finite volume method. Several numerical tests are carried out to verify the suggested methods.
Results. The analysis and numerical results show that the original RSST is not applicable when mass density variations are large. In contrast, the newly suggested methods are found to be efficient in such cases. We also suggest variants of the RSST that conserve momentum in the machine precision. The newly suggested variants are formulated as semiconservative equations, which reduce to the conservative form of the Euler equations when the speed of sound is not reduced. This property is advantageous when both high and low Mach number regions are included in the numerical domain.
Conclusions. The newly suggested forms of RSST can be applied to a wider range of low Mach number flows.
Objective evaluation of blood flow in the small-intestinal villous: quantification of findings from dynamic endoscopy with concomitant narrow-band imaging
Authors: Takeyama Tomoaki , Hirooka Yoshiki , Kawashima Hiroki , Ohno Eizaburo , Ishikawa Takuya , Yamamura Takeshi , Furukawa Kazuhiro , Funasaka Kohei , Nakamura Masanao , Miyahara Ryoji , ishigami Masatoshi , Goto Hidemi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackground and aims We have previously shown that the increase in blood flow volume in jejunum villi after spraying of 10 % dextrose solution correlates with pancreatic exocrine function (PEF). The aim of this study was to establish an objective method to evaluate the amount of jejunum villous blood flow using a novel image analysis system.Patients and methods The subjects were 26 patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with a newly developed small intestine endoscope (SIF-Y0007, Olympus, Tokyo, Japan). By defining the ratio of capillary occupancy in each villus at levels from 1 to 5, villous blood flow was evaluated subjectively on the villous blood flow scale (VBFS). Objective evaluation was performed based on luminance analysis. The morphological opening process was used to make images with leveled brightness. A histogram was prepared from the luminance information and the standard deviation was determined and defined as SDOV (Standard Deviation calculated from a histogram made by luminance analysis Of Villi). PEF was evaluated by measuring the BT-PABA (N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid) excretion rate.Results There was a significant positive correlation between VBFS and SDOV (P < 0.0001, ρ = 0.5882). SDOV was also positively correlated with PEF (P = 0.0004, ρ = 0.6421).Conclusions SDOV is a new objective index for evaluation of blood flow volume in jejunum villi. SDOV may be useful in clinical practice to estimate PEF and for clarification of the mechanisms underlying the functional correlation between the pancreas and small intestine.
Translators’ competence profiles versus market demand
Authors: Krajcso Zita 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The primary objective of this paper is to find out which competences translators need in order to meet the
increasingly sophisticated demands of the translation market. First, European initiatives on translators’ competence profiles will
be analysed. The results will be examined in light of the latest translation industry surveys in order to identify whether the
skills profiles (and thus translators’ abilities) match the needs of the labour market. The analysed data reflects on the most
essential requirements set by industry: professional competence followed by technological and domain competence. The findings of
the present article aim to support translator training institutions in tailoring study programmes to market needs.