bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
REDISTRIBUTION OF PLATELET GLYCOPROTEINS INDUCED BY ALLO- AND AUTOANTIBODIES
Authors: Santoso S , Kiefel V , Mueller-Eckhardt C 
Published: August 2018

It is now well established that two of the major membrane glycoproteins (GP) of human platelets, GP lb and Ilb/IIIa, are functionally prominent for adhesion, aggregation and carry the binding sites for allknown types of human platelet specific antibodies (ab). Although a number of in vitro effects of ab on platelet function have been described, the role of the GP specificity of the various ab with regard to membrane mobility and redistribution phenomena is asyet unknown.In this work, we studied the effect on platelet membrane redistribution of allo- ab, auto-aband a quinidine-dependent ab directed against various epitopes on GP lb, lib and Ilia using immunofluorescence and a quantitative radioimmunoassay. The platelet GP's carrying the corresponding epitopes were determined using immunoblot technique or radioimmuno-precipitation. When unfixed platelets were incubated with alio- or auto-ab against epitopes on GP liborGP IlIa cap formation and internalization of antigenantibody complexes were visualized by fluorescence. In contrast, no changes of antigen distribution were seen with auto-ab or quinidine- dependent ab directed against GP lb. To quantitate antigen-antibody complexes internalization a specially designed radioimmunoassay was employed. If unfixed platelets weretreated with allo- or auto-ab against GP lib or GP Ilia precipitous reduction of external radioactivity was found, whereas the total radioactivity remainedessentially unchanged. This indicated that a portionof approximately 50-70% of GP lib or GP Ilia had been removed from the platelet surface and had been internalized. Internalization could not be induced with auto-ab or quinidine dependent ab against GP lb.We conclude that membrane redistribution of human platelets can be induced by various human ab with specificity for GP lib and/or Ilia and is a function of the target GP rather than the source of therespective abSupported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Mu 277/9-6)
AN EPITOPE OF A MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY (TM83) AGAINST GLYCOPROTEIN lib/Ilia COMPLEX
Authors: Yamamoto N , Kitagawa H , Tanoue K , YAmazaki H 
Published: August 2018

GPIIb/lIIa is forming a heterodimer complex on the human platelet membrane.Many monoclonal antibodiesagainst GPIIb/IIIa complex obtained elsewhere react with neither GPIIb nor GPIIIa separately when GPIIb/IIIa is blotted to filter after SDS-PAGE. Therefore the epitope of GPIIb/IIIa complex is not identified actually. Our attemption is to clarify the epitope recognized by a monoclonal antibody against GPIIb/IIIa designated TM83. TM83 (30 yg/ml) inhibited collagen-, ADP-, or thrombin-induced aggregation, but it did not inhibit ATP-secretion induced by 0.01 U/ml of thrombin. TM83 also inhibited fibrinogen-binding approximately to 50 % of total binding. The binding of 125 I- TM83 to platelets decreased to b0% of controlwhen platelets were incubated in the presence of 1 mM EDTA at 37°C for 30 min. However the incubation at25°C for 30 min did not change any binding capacity of 125 I-TM83 to platelets. Thus thebinding of TM83to platelets was dependent on both temperature and calcium concentration in surrouding medium, suggesting that TM83 bound to GPIIb/IIIa complex.If the small amounts of epitope of GPIIb/IIIa complex is not injured during SDS-PAGE and blotting, we may identify clearly the epitope of GPIIb/IIIa complex. For this aim, GPIIb/IIIa complex was extracted carefully in the presence of 1 mM calcium by the phase separationusing Triton X-11U, and was run on SDS-PAGE in the presence of 100 yM calcium. Western-blot of the membrane preparation showed that 125 I-TM83 was incorporated into both GPIIb and GPIIIa on Durapore filter. Further radio-crossed immunoelectrophoresis showed that I-TM83 was incorporated only into immunoprecipitin of GPIIb/IIIa complex in the presenceof 1 mM calcium. While after addition of 25 mM EDTA to the membrane preparation containing 1 mM calcium,125i-tm83 wasmainly incorporated into GPIIb/IIIa complex as well, however very faint radioactivity fromthe immunoprecipitin corresponding to GPIIIa was observed, but the radioactivity from GPIIb was not identified. While there is a discrepancy inour result, it must be further studied whether one monoclonal antibody can recognize or not two kinds of GPs, GPIIb and Ilia, which are formed in complex in physiological condition.
FIBRIIOLYTIC ACTIVITY II THE IITBISIVE CARE PATIEIT
Authors: Garcia Frade L J , Landin L , Garcia Avello A , Bavarro J L , Creighton L J , Gaffney P J 
Published: August 2018

Critically ill patients have been described to have blood coagulation abnormalities that predispose to bleeding and thrombosis.We have studied plasminogen activators (fibrin plate, enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay using polyclonalantibodies for t-PA), X-oligomers fibrin fragments (using monoclonal antibodies in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), octant i pi asmin, antithrombtai III and fibronectin (Laurel1 innaunoeleetrophoretic technique), fibrinogen (thrombin timeassay), plateLets count, kaolln-cephalin clotting time and prothrombin time on admission to the intensive care unit and sequentially after 24 and 48 hours in 39 adult patients: Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (n:6), Trauma (n:12), Sepsis (n:8), and Miscellanea (n:13).A decrease in tissue plasminogen activator (ng/ml)(p<0.001, p<0.05,	p<0.01,	p<0.05, respectively in the four groups), associated to an increase in the earliest form of cross-linked fibrin degradation products, X-Oligomers concentration (ng/ml) (p<0.01), indicatethat fibrindeposition and fibrinolytic exhaustion is a widespread situation in the ICU patients. Fibronectin was significantly reduced (p<0.001) in ARDS and Sepsis patients, low fibronectin levels were related to prognosis (p<0.01).These findings suggest.that critically ill patients, must be evaluated in respect to fibrinolysis and supported when necessary with prophylactic treatment.
ISOLATION OF HUMAN PROTEIN C AND ITS SNAKE VENOM ACTIVATORS BY ION EXCHANGE HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: Dyr J E , Fořtová H , Suttnar J , Vorlová Z , Kornalxk F 
Published: August 2018

Simple and efficient methods for the purification of functionally active clotting factors in good yields are still missing. The purpose of the present study was to design a chromatographic procedure for the isolation of protein C (PC) and its snake venom activators taking advantage of the high resolution, high speed of analysis and sensitive detection of high performance liquid chromatography.PC was purified from a human plasma concentrate containing vitamin Kdependent proteins using a Mono Q anion exchanger. Electrophoretic titration curve was used to serve as a guide for finding approximate conditions for separations. Elution profiles for vitamin K-dependent proteins were determined. PC was assayed by both immunological and functional methods. For the latter methods, protein C activators (PCA) were isolated from snake venoms of Agkistrodon c, -contortrix (ACC) and Agkistrodon c, mokasen.Both venoms (pooled samples)were found to contain at least two different PCA. AtpH 6.5> by simple one step procedures either an acidic PCA (on a Mono Q) or a basic PCA (on a Mono S) was isolated. A great diversity was found among venom samples from specimen originating from a small geographic area near Philadelphia (USA). In six out of the nine analysed ACC venoms only the acidic PCA was present.In conclusion, an optimum separationof protein C onthe Mono Q at pH 8.0 was proposed (usual recovery 90-95%).Optimalization of the salt gradient was considerably more effective than the pH changes. A great individual variability has to be taken into account when snake venoms are used as a source of protein C activators.
Advancing the State of the Art in Clinical Natural Language Processing through Shared Tasks
Authors: Filannino Michele , Uzuner Özlem 
Published: August 2018

Objectives: To review the latest scientific challenges organized in clinical Natural Language Processing (NLP) by highlighting the tasks, the most effective methodologies used, the data, and the sharing strategies.
Methods: We harvested the literature by using Google Scholar and PubMed Central to retrieve all shared tasks organized since 2015 on clinical NLP problems on English data.
Results: We surveyed 17 shared tasks. We grouped the data into four types (synthetic, drug labels, social data, and clinical data) which are correlated with size and sensitivity. We found named entity recognition and classification to be the most common tasks. Most of the methods used to tackle the shared tasks have been data-driven. There is homogeneity in the methods used to tackle the named entity recognition tasks, while more diverse solutions are investigated for relation extraction, multi-class classification, and information retrieval problems.
Conclusions: There is a clear trend in using data-driven methods to tackle problems in clinical NLP. The availability of more and varied data from different institutions will undoubtedly lead to bigger advances in the field, for the benefit of healthcare as a whole.
Public and Population Health Informatics: The Bridging of Big Data to Benefit Communities
Authors: Gamache Roland , Kharrazi Hadi , Weiner Jonathan 
Published: August 2018

Objective: To summarize the recent public and population health informatics literature with a focus on the synergistic “bridging” of electronic data to benefit communities and other populations.
Methods: The review was primarily driven by a search of the literature from July 1, 2016 to September 30, 2017. The search included articles indexed in PubMed using subject headings with (MeSH) keywords “public health informatics” and “social determinants of health”. The “social determinants of health” search was refined to include articles that contained the keywords “public health”, “population health” or “surveillance”.
Results: Several categories were observed in the review focusing on public health's socio-technical infrastructure: evaluation of surveillance practices, surveillance methods, interoperable health information infrastructure, mobile health, social media, and population health. Common trends discussing socio-technical infrastructure included big data platforms, social determinants of health, geographical information systems, novel data sources, and new visualization techniques. A common thread connected these categories of workforce, governance, and sustainability: using clinical resources and data to bridge public and population health.
Conclusions: Both medical care providers and public health agencies are increasingly using informatics and big data tools to create and share digital information. The intent of this “bridging” is to proactively identify, monitor, and improve a range of medical, environmental, and social factors relevant to the health of communities. These efforts show a significant growth in a range of population health-centric information exchange and analytics activities.
Deep Learning on 1-D Biosignals: a Taxonomy-based Survey
Authors: Ganapathy Nagarajan , Swaminathan Ramakrishnan , Deserno Thomas 
Published: August 2018

Objectives: Deep learning models such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been applied successfully to medical imaging, but biomedical signal analysis has yet to fully benefit from this novel approach. Our survey aims at (i) reviewing deep learning techniques for biosignal analysis in computer- aided diagnosis; and (ii) deriving a taxonomy for organizing the growing number of applications in the field.
Methods: A comprehensive literature research was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and ACM. Deep learning models were classified with respect to the (i) origin, (ii) dimension, and (iii) type of the biosignal as input to the deep learning model; (iv) the goal of the application; (v) the size and (vi) type of ground truth data; (vii) the type and (viii) schedule of learning the network; and (ix) the topology of the model.
Results: Between January 2010 and December 2017, a total 71 papers were published on the topic. The majority (n = 36) of papers are on electrocariography (ECG) signals. Most applications (n = 25) aim at detection of patterns, while only a few (n = 6) at predection of events. Out of 36 ECG-based works, many (n = 17) relate to multi-lead ECG. Other biosignals that have been identified in the survey are electromyography, phonocardiography, photoplethysmography, electrooculography, continuous glucose monitoring, acoustic respiratory signal, blood pressure, and electrodermal activity signal, while ballistocardiography or seismocardiography have yet to be analyzed using deep learning techniques. In supervised and unsupervised applications, CNNs and restricted Boltzmann machines are the most and least frequently used, (n = 34) and (n = 15), respectively.
Conclusion: Our key-code classification of relevant papers was used to cluster the approaches that have been published to date and demonstrated a large variability of research with respect to data, application, and network topology. Future research is expected to focus on the standardization of deep learning architectures and on the optimization of the network parameters to increase performance and robustness. Furthermore, application-driven approaches and updated training data from mobile recordings are needed.
Perioperative Visual Deficit in a Patient Undergoing Dorsolumbar Spine Surgery
Authors: Pandey Ved Prakash , Dasgupta Arnab , Aggarwal Anurag , Jain Sachin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPerioperative visual loss (POVL) is a rare but potentially serious complication of long-duration surgeries in prone position under general anesthesia. The mechanism of visual loss after surgery, and its incidence, is difficult to determine. It is primarily associated with cardiothoracic and spine surgeries. The proposed causes include corneal injury, retinal ischemia (central retinal artery occlusion/branch retinal artery occlusion [CRAO/BRAO]), ischemic optic neuropathy (ION), and cortical blindness. A large, recent multicenter case-control study has identified risk factors associated with ION for patients undergoing spinal instrumentation surgery in prone position. These include male sex, obesity, use of Wilson's frame, long duration of anesthesia/surgery, larger estimated blood loss, and larger relative use of crystalloids for compensation of blood loss. This report describes a relatively healthy, 71-year-old female patient who developed significant visual impairment after thoracolumbar spine surgery in prone position under general anesthesia. The case raises dilemmas regarding the preoperative identification of patients who should be informed of the risk of POVL, and by whom.
Clinical pearls: Laboratory assessments of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACS)
Authors: Gosselin Robert , Douxfils Jonathan , Adcock Dorothy 
Published: August 2018

SummaryDirect oral anticoagulants (DOACS) are used for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation as well as for prophylaxis and treatment of venous thromboembolism.Clinicians who treat, or may encounter, patients with DOAC exposure, should be aware of the limitations of coagulation testing in this setting, and seek counsel from their laboratory to understand the effects of DOACS on coagulation results. Generally, assays that employ clot based principles, or methods that require thrombin or Factor Xa activation or substrates may be affected by the presence of DOACS. The clinical laboratory should have an algorithmic testing plan for adequately assessing the presence of all DOACS and readily provide this information to clinicians. We describe Clinical Pearls for DOAC assessment using common and esoteric coagulation testing.
Is ICD-9 Coding of Morbid Obesity Reliable in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty?
Authors: George Jaiben , Sodhi Nipun , Anis Hiba , Khlopas Anton , Moskal Joseph , Klika Alison , Barsoum Wael , Higuera Carlos , Mont Michael 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMorbid obesity is considered to have a stronger association with complications after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Although the impact of obesity coding errors has been previously reported, the extent of coding inaccuracies with respect to morbid obesity is unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess (1) the utility of coding in identifying morbid obesity and (2) the effects of morbid obesity on 90-day complications after TKA when morbid obesity was defined by both body mass index (BMI) and International Classification of Diseases 9th edition (ICD-9) coding. A total of 18,030 primary TKAs performed at a single institution from 2004 to 2014 were identified. Patients were defined as morbidly obese based on ICD-9 codes or by BMI recorded in the electronic medical record (EMR). Patients were defined as obese (ICD-9 codes 278.0, 278.00, 278.01, 278.03, 649.10–14, 793.91, V85.30–39, V85.41–45, V85.54) or morbidly obese (278.01, V85.41–45) by ICD-9 codes. Patient EMRs were also reviewed to identify obese and morbidly obese patients (BMI cutoffs of 30 and 40 kg/m2, respectively). Complications between the cohorts were compared. Sensitivity and specificity were also calculated. Among the 2,880 surgeries performed in morbidly obese patients, a code for obesity was present in 1,618 (56.2%) surgeries, but only 57.9% (937) of these patients had a code specific for morbid obesity, with the rest having a code not specifying morbid obesity. The sensitivity and specificity of obesity coding were 34.5 and 96.0%, while that of morbid obesity were 32.5 and 96.7%, respectively (area under curve: 0.65 vs. 0.65, p = 0.214). A higher rate of complications was noted when patients were defined as morbidly obese by ICD-9 as when defined by EMR-reported BMI. Although morbidly obese patients are more likely to have a code for obesity compared with obese patients, these patients may not be correctly identified as morbidly obese due to a lack of specificity in the codes. These errors may lead to inadequate reimbursements, and may also overestimate the effect of morbid obesity on complications.
Operative Time, Length of Stay, Short-Term Readmission, and Complications after Hinged Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Propensity Score Matched Analysis
Authors: Sodhi Nipun , Patel Yatindra , George Jaiben , Sultan Assem , Anis Hiba , Newman Jared , Kryzak Thomas , Khlopas Anton , Moskal Joseph , Mont Michael 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDespite the wide utilization of total knee arthroplasty (TKA), it can be technically challenging to perform in patients who have concomitant bone loss, ligamentous laxity, or high-grade deformity, whether in a revision situation or due to a primary pathology. Therefore, hinged knee prostheses have been developed to provide more stable fixation in these situations. The purpose of this study was to compare the short-term peri- and postoperative outcomes of patients undergoing primary TKA with and without hinged prosthesis. Specifically, we compared (1) mean operative times, (2) lengths of stay (LOS), (3) 30-day readmissions, and (4) complications. The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried to identify hinged TKAs and 99 procedures were included. They were matched in a 1:3 ratio to primary TKAs without a hinged prosthesis using propensity score matching. Operative time, LOS, discharge disposition, 30-day readmissions, and complications were compared. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) were also calculated. The operative time was significantly higher in hinged cohort compared with the nonhinged cohort (mean difference [MD] = 22 minutes; range, 10–34 minutes, p < 0.001). There were no significant differences between hinged and nonhinged TKAs with respect to LOS (MD= 0.61 days, range, –0.07–1.30 days, p = 0.080), discharge disposition (OR = 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66–1.84), readmissions (OR = 2.67, 95% CI, 0.84–8.24), and any complications (OR = 1.13, 95% CI, 0.55–2.19). Not surprisingly, primary TKAs with hinged prostheses had increased operative times, but had similar LOS, discharge dispositions, and 30-day rates of readmission and complications when compared with TKAs without a hinged prosthesis. One potential contributing factor to the increased operating time is that patients who receive a hinged implant tend to present with more severe deformities. It is reassuring to know that early outcomes were similar between both cohorts (although we await longer follow-up studies), and that hinged implants can be considered in these difficult to treat patients.
Is Knee Joint Distraction a Viable Treatment Option for Knee OA?—A Literature Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Takahashi Tsuneari , Baboolal Thomas G. , Lamb Jonathan , Hamilton Thomas W. , Pandit Hemant G. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractKnee joint distraction (KJD) is a new application of an established technique to regenerate native cartilage using an external fixator. The purpose of this study is to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature to determine whether KJD is beneficial for knee osteoarthritis and how results compare with established treatments. Studies assessing the outcomes of KJD were retrieved, with three studies (one cohort and two randomized controlled trials), 62 knees, meeting the inclusion criteria. The primary outcome was functional outcome, assessed using a validated outcome score, at 1 year. Secondary outcomes included pain scores, structural assessment of the joint, and adverse events. KJD is associated with improvements in Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) from baseline to 1 year as well as reductions in pain scores and improvements in structural parameters assessed radiographically and by magnetic resonance imaging. KJD is not associated with decreased knee flexion, but is associated with a high risk of pin site infection. In patients aged 65 years or under at 1 year, no differences in WOMAC or pain scores was detected between patients managed with KJD compared with high tibial osteotomy or total knee arthroplasty. KJD may represent a potential treatment for knee arthritis, though further trials with longer term follow-up are required to establish its efficacy compared with contemporary treatments. This is a Level I (systematic review and meta-analysis) study.
Depression
Authors: Menzel S. , Brieger P. 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungOft wird davon ausgegangen, dass Depressionen unterdiagnostiziert werden. Tatsächlich hat aber die undifferenzierte Diagnostik von Depressionen, die nur noch den Schweregrad berücksichtigt, dazu geführt, dass auch Überdiagnostik erfolgt. Trauerprozesse oder psychische Auffälligkeiten mit Beteiligung unterschiedlicher Affekte werden mit Depressionsdiagnosen versehen, auch wenn die klassische Psychopathologie eines depressiven Syndroms nicht vorliegt. Entsprechende Ergebnisse werden in der Übersicht dargestellt. Zu fordern ist eine differenzierte Diagnostik der Depression, die psychopathologisch fundiert ist und die Komplexität eines fundierten Diagnoseprozesses bedenkt.