bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined Habit Reversal Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Treatment of Tics in Tourette Syndrome: A Pilot Study of Effectiveness and Response Duration
Authors: Eisenhauer Jennifer , Buckland Alison , Watson Stuart , Stell Rick 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have examined the effectiveness and duration of mindfulness‐based therapies for tics in Tourette's syndrome. This study combined habit reversal therapy (HRT) with acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT).ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy and response duration of HRT + ACT in reducing tic severity in adults with Tourette's Syndrome.MethodsTic severity was assessed at baseline, post‐intervention, and at 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐ups using the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) and video assessments. The intervention included eight weekly 1‐h sessions.ResultsMixed‐effects regression showed significant reductions in tic severity post‐treatment (b = −10.36, P = 0.002), maintained at 6 months (b = −8.19, P = 0.012) and 12 months (b = −8.82, P = 0.009). Video assessments confirmed these findings.ConclusionThe HRT + ACT protocol effectively reduced tic severity, with benefits lasting 12 months. These results support further trials to compare HRT + ACT with HRT alone.
Efficient Acceleration Framework for Complex‐Valued Linear Systems: Alternating Anderson Accelerating Preconditioned Richardson Approach
Authors: Li Zhizhi , Zhang Huai 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTInspired by the efficiency of Anderson acceleration (AA) and the fact that its un‐truncated version is essentially equivalent to the generalized minimal residual method (GMRES) for solving linear systems, in this study, the preconditioned alternating Anderson acceleration Richardson (PA3R) approach is proposed as an acceleration framework, and its relationship to AA and GMRES is examined from a spectrum perspective. Next, the convergence condition of the PA3R approach is demonstrated to be (where is the splitting of system matrix ) for a general system matrix, which always holds for the mature splitting iteration methods. This new approach is applied to four well‐established splitting methods to solve complex symmetric linear systems. Furthermore, the optimal relaxation parameters are investigated, showing that the eigenvalue distribution region of the iteration matrices of the resulting methods are approximately half of that of the original methods. The numerical results indicate that for examples with dimensions exceeding 4 million, the use of the PA3R approach results in a significant efficiency improvement especially in terms of CPU time compared with the non‐PA3R version.
Adaptive Factored Incomplete Inverse Matrices
Authors: Filelis‐Papadopoulos Christos K. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe solution of large sparse linear systems is an essential part in many scientific fields. Numerical solution of such systems is usually performed using iterative methods in conjunction with effective preconditioning schemes. A new class of factored approximate inverses is proposed, namely adaptive factored incomplete inverse matrices, which are computed using a recursive Schur complement‐based approach. This class of approximate inverses does not require the knowledge of a sparsity pattern, which is formed adaptively during computation. For this to be possible, a flexible sparse storage scheme was designed. Several numerical dropping strategies are showcased and discussed, along with the effects of reordering to the preconditioner density and the corresponding convergence behavior. Dropping based on monitoring the growth of elements in the incomplete LU factorization is also presented and discussed along with improvements during computation of the successive Schur complements. A static sparsity pattern variant is also provided and discussed. Implementation details and analysis, for computing the proposed scheme, are given along with the computational complexity and memory requirements. Numerical results depicting the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed scheme are also presented.
The Incidence of Underlying Mental Health Disorders in a Facial Synkinesis Population
Authors: DeSisto Nicole G. , Longino Elizabeth S. , Ortiz Alexandra S. , Chowdhury Naweed I. , Patel Priyesh N. , Stephan Scott J. , Yang Shiayin F. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveSynkinesis is estimated to impact 10% to 50% of those with facial palsy. We aim to identify the incidence and factors associated with anxiety and depression in the facial synkinesis population.Study DesignProspective cohort study.SettingPatients aged 18 and older with a diagnosis of facial synkinesis at a tertiary medical center were eligible for inclusion.MethodsDemographic variables were collected, and the following surveys were distributed: Synkinesis Assessment Questionnaire, Facial Clinimetric Evaluation Scale, Facial Disability Index, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, and Fear of Negative Appearance Evaluation Scale. Patient videos were graded for physician perceived severity using the Electronic Facial Paralysis Assessment and Sunnybrook scale. Analysis of the overall incidence of anxiety and depression symptoms as well as the impact of demographic factors was performed using Pearson product moment correlation and regression modeling.ResultsOne‐hundred patients met inclusion criteria. Over 25% of patients met criteria for possible or probable depression and the most common appearance‐related anxiety score was 30, indicating severe anxiety. Female gender, younger age, and previous history of anxiety and depression were associated with increased depression and anxiety scores at baseline with shorter duration of synkinesis also trending toward higher scores. Worse patient reported severity was also associated with increased depression and appearance‐related anxiety scores.ConclusionThe overall prevalence of depression and appearance‐related anxiety is relatively high in patients with facial synkinesis.
Structure‐preserving numerical methods for Fokker–Planck equations
Authors: Bartel Hanna , Lampert Joshua , Ranocha Hendrik 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA common way to numerically solve Fokker–Planck equations is the Chang–Cooper method in space combined with one of the Euler methods in time. However, the explicit Euler method is only conditionally positive, leading to severe restrictions on the time step to ensure positivity. On the other hand, the implicit Euler method is robust but nonlinearly implicit. Instead, we propose to combine the Chang–Cooper method with unconditionally positive Patankar‐type time integration methods, since they are unconditionally positive, robust for stiff problems, only linearly implicit, and also higher‐order accurate. We describe the combined approach, analyse it, and present a relevant numerical example demonstrating advantages compared to schemes proposed in the literature.
Optimization of approximate maps for linear systems arising in discretized PDEs
Authors: Islam Rishad , Carr Arielle , Jacobs Colin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGenerally, discretization of partial differential equations (PDEs) creates a sequence of linear systems with well‐known and structured sparsity patterns. Preconditioners are often necessary to achieve fast convergence when solving these linear systems using iterative solvers. We can use preconditioner updates for closely related systems instead of computing a preconditioner for each system from scratch. One such preconditioner update is the sparse approximate map (SAM), which is based on the sparse approximate inverse preconditioner using a least squares approximation. A SAM then acts as a map from one matrix in the sequence to another nearby one for which we have an effective preconditioner. To efficiently compute an effective SAM update (i.e., one that facilitates fast convergence of the iterative solver), we seek to compute an optimal sparsity pattern. In this paper, we examine several sparsity patterns for computing the SAM update to characterize optimal or near‐optimal sparsity patterns for linear systems arising from discretized PDEs.
Divergent values and perspectives drive three distinct viewpoints on grizzly bear reintroduction in Washington, the United States
Authors: Easter Tara S. , Santo Anna R. , Sage Abigail H. , Carter Neil H. , Chan Kai M. A. , Ransom Jason I. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The success or failure of apex carnivore reintroduction efforts can hinge on understanding and attending to diverse viewpoints of those involved in and impacted by reintroductions. Yet, viewpoints vary widely due to a suite of complex and intersecting factors, such as values, beliefs and sociocultural context. We ask, ‘what are the diverse viewpoints that exist surrounding apex carnivore recovery and what kinds of emotional, analytical and values‐based judgments might people use to construct their viewpoints?’

We used Q‐methodology to identify distinct, generalized viewpoints and areas of overlap and divergence between them, surrounding a proposal to reintroduce grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) to the North Cascades Ecosystem, USA. Q‐methodology combines qualitative and quantitative methods by asking purposefully sampled respondents to sort various statements on a given topic into an ordered grid.

We found three distinct viewpoints among 67 respondents using factor analysis and responses to open‐ended questions about the sorting exercise. Two of these viewpoints represent essentially polarized perspectives corresponding to deeply normative notions about grizzly bear recovery, where one views reintroducing bears as a moral requisite, and the other views it as inappropriate and risky. These viewpoints primarily diverged on their perceptions of risk and perspectives about our collective responsibilities to and appropriate relationships with others (i.e. ‘relational values’). The third viewpoint was distinguished by its prioritization of practical considerations and views reintroducing bears as impractical and not sensible.

Our analysis underscores the need to identify and attend to latent viewpoints that may be overlooked in the polarized public discourse as well as the multiple value systems and perceptions of risk that are integrated in perspectives on grizzly bear reintroduction. Additionally, our broadly defined identity groups were of very little utility in predicting viewpoints in this study, highlighting the importance of avoiding assumptions about people's views based on their identities and interests.

We argue that forefronting conversations about responsibilities and appropriate relationships is critical for finding acceptable paths forward in such recovery efforts. We discuss the management implications of these findings for the North Cascades grizzly bear reintroduction, and for other large carnivore reintroductions.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Analysis of the effects of interfacial parameters on the thermal conductivity properties of SiC/SMPU composites
Authors: Guan Xiaoyu , Bao Jianing , Wei Jiabin , Yuan Xueran , Wang Xinqi , Zhang Heng , Wang Hongyang , Chen Hairong , Wang Rui 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSilicon carbide (SiC)/shape‐memory polyurethane (SMPU) soft robots possess programmable shapes and dual‐drive capabilities based on electrical and thermal methods. Enhancing the thermal conductivity (TC) of these composite materials effectively enhances the driving performance of the soft robots. In this study, we tune the interfacial thickness between SiC particles and the SMPU polymer matrix to regulate the TC of the composites. The optimized composite exhibits a 244% increase in the in‐plane TC and 153% increase in the out‐of‐plane TC. Furthermore, optimization significantly enhances the speed and efficiency of the soft robots. This study reveals that interfacial thickness is a key factor in regulating interfacial heat transfer, potentially introducing a new approach for reducing interfacial thermal resistance in composite materials. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of interfacial heat‐ transfer mechanisms and establishes a new theoretical framework for designing and fabricating advanced composite materials for soft robots.Highlights
Interfacial heat‐ transfer mechanism was revealed.
Interfacial thickness primarily controls interfacial heat transfer.
The in‐plane and out‐of‐plane thermal conductivities of prepared composites were enhanced by 244% and 153%, respectively, by modifying the interfacial thickness.
The multifunctional performance of the composites was improved due to microscale mechanisms.
Spreading of Dynamically Crosslinked Polydimethylsiloxane Drops
Authors: Ko Kyujin , Chaudhuri Krishnaroop , Park Junyong , Wooh Sanghyuk , Yavitt Benjamin M. , Pham Jonathan T. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTDynamically crosslinked polymer networks, characterized by non‐permanent bonds, offer unique viscoelastic properties that can be used for various applications such as self‐healing coatings and reusable adhesives. This study investigates the spreading behavior of a silicone polymer network with dynamic imine bonds, focusing on the relationship between material properties and spreading dynamics. We prepare polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) networks with varied rheological properties by adjusting the ratio of amine and aldehyde groups and curing conditions. The spreading of PDMS spherical drops is investigated on surfaces with different surface energies, with the process quantified by measuring the contact length and height over time. Our findings reveal that higher modulus spheres spread more slowly, and that the spreading length increases more on high energy surfaces. This research could provide insights for developing coatings and adhesives with tunable properties by studying the interaction between transiently‐crosslinked polymers and substrates during spreading.
Plasma‐Catalytic CO2 Methanation Over Supported Ni–Co Catalysts Prepared by Solution Combustion Synthesis
Authors: Qin Shiji , Tang Shouxian , Sang Lijun , Cheng Jiushan , Liu Zhongwei 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIncorporating suitable promoters into nickel‐based catalysts for carbon dioxide methanation proves to be a successful strategy for enhancing catalyst structure, optimizing surface properties, mitigating deactivation, and ultimately boosting catalytic performance. This study focuses on the synthesis of Co‐modified Ni/CaCO3 catalysts using the solution combustion synthesis method. The catalytic activity of the afforded catalysts has been evaluated for CO2 methanation in a dielectric barrier discharge reactor operating at a gaseous hourly space velocity of 11,320 h−1 and an H2:CO2 ratio of 4:1. The catalyst exhibits optimal performance at a Ni:Co ratio of 13:2, achieving a CO2 conversion rate of 57.5% and CH4 selectivity of 92.4%. Characterization techniques such as X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, programmed temperature‐raising hydrogen reduction, carbon dioxide desorption, and in situ plasma DRIFTS are employed to evaluate the catalysts. The results indicate that the addition of Co to Ni‐based catalysts leads to an increase in moderately basic sites, thereby enhancing the catalytic activity and stability of catalysts for CO2 methanation. Notably, the combination of the plasma and the Ni–Co catalyst offers a novel pathway for CO2 methanation, featuring higher energy efficiency and superior synergistic effects compared to monometallic catalysts.
The structural logic of dynamic signaling in the Escherichia coli serine chemoreceptor
Authors: Reyes Georgina I. , Flack Caralyn E. , Parkinson John S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe experimental challenges posed by integral membrane proteins hinder molecular understanding of transmembrane signaling mechanisms. Here, we exploited protein crosslinking assays in living cells to follow conformational and dynamic stimulus signals in Tsr, the Escherichia coli serine chemoreceptor. Tsr mediates serine chemotaxis by integrating transmembrane serine‐binding inputs with adaptational modifications of a methylation helix bundle to regulate a signaling kinase at the cytoplasmic tip of the receptor molecule. We created cysteine replacements at Tsr residues adjacent to hydrophobic packing faces of the bundle helices and crosslinked them with a cell‐permeable, bifunctional thiol‐reagent. We identified an extensively crosslinked dynamic junction midway through the methylation helix bundle that seemed uniquely poised to respond to serine signals. We explored its role in mediating signaling shifts between different packing arrangements of the bundle helices by measuring crosslinking in receptor molecules with apposed pairs of cysteine reporters in each subunit and assessing their signaling behaviors with an in vivo kinase assay. In the absence of serine, the bundle helices evinced compact kinase‐ON packing arrangements; in the presence of serine, the dynamic junction destabilized adjacent bundle segments and shifted the bundle to an expanded, less stable kinase‐OFF helix‐packing arrangement. AlphaFold models of kinase‐active Tsr showed a prominent bulge and kink at the dynamic junction that might antagonize stable structure at the receptor tip. Serine stimuli might inhibit kinase activity by shifting the bundle to a less stably‐packed conformation that relaxes structural strain at the receptor tip, thereby allowing it to stabilize and freeze kinase activity.
Development of breakthrough bleeding model of combined‐oral contraceptives utilizing model‐based meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Huili , Chun Dain , Lingineni Karthik , Guzy Serge , Cristofoletti Rodrigo , Hoechel Joachim , Jiao Tianze , Cicali Brian , Vozmediano Valvanera , Schmidt Stephan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBreakthrough bleeding (BTB) is a common side effect of hormonal contraception and is thought to impact adherence to combined oral contraceptives (COCs) but respective dose–response relationships are not yet fully understood. Therefore, the objective of this model‐based meta‐analysis (MBMA) was to establish dose–response for COCs containing different progestin/EE combinations using BTB as the pharmacodynamic endpoint. Data from 25 studies containing BTB information of 4 progestins (desogestrel, drospirenone, gestodene, and levonorgestrel) in combination with ethinyl estradiol (EE) at various dose levels was used for this analysis. The results of our MBMA show that BTB is significantly increased upon initiation of COC use but subsides over time. The time needed for BTB to return to baseline depends on the EE dose and differs marginally between progestins during the initial months of use at the same EE dose. BTB typically returns to baseline within 3 months at the highest (30 μg) dose, whereas it can take significantly longer to reestablish a regular bleeding pattern at lower EE doses (15 and 20 μg), irrespective of the progestin used. The dose–response relationships established for BTB across different progestin/EE combinations can now be used to support the selection of optimal COC dosing/treatment regimens and serve as the scientific basis for evaluating the impact of clinically relevant factors, including drug–drug interactions and demographics, on BTB.
Superimposed pleural infection in cirrhotic chylothorax
Authors: Chan Ken Ka Pang , Wong Jason Siu Hang , Yip Wing Ho 
Published: November 2024

AbstractChylothorax contains an abundant amount of immunoglobulins and white blood cells, leading to the belief that superimposed pleural infection is unlikely. We report two cases of biochemically confirmed chylothorax due to cirrhosis, complicated by superimposed pleural infection following repeated pleural interventions. These findings highlight the potential for superimposed infection in chylothorax and challenge the belief in the bacteriostatic effect of chyle. Clinical vigilance is essential to consider this possibility if features of infection arise during the management of chylothorax.
An incidental finding of a pleural based schwannoma
Authors: Griffin William , Srinivasan Nina Mac Auley , Fabre Aurelie , Healy David 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA man in his 40s was incidentally found to have a large right sided apical pleural based mass on imaging. This was further investigated with a CT‐guided biopsy. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis of the tissue revealed a diagnosis of a Schwannoma: a rare, slow‐growing benign nerve sheath tumour. Only a handful of pleural based Schwannomas have been documented in the literature. They account for about 0.2% of lung tumours. The patient was referred to cardiothoracic surgery who advised surgical resection of the mass, which he is awaiting. Here, we report a rare case of a pleural based Schwannoma which was diagnosed incidentally on chest x‐ray.
Nitrogen removal capacity and influencing factors of inland wetland under human activities: Jiashan County, China
Authors: Li Niu , Zhang Youzheng , Wu Jinlong , Li Junzhen , Gao Jingwen , Jiang Pengcheng , Ye Xiaoqi , Wu Ming 
Published: November 2024

AbstractInland wetlands play a vital role in mitigating non‐point source nitrogen loads through denitrification and anammox processes. However, the impact of varying human activities within the same region on these nitrogen removal processes of inland wetlands remains unclear. This study investigated the differences in nitrogen removal rates of wetland sediments under various human activities in Jiashan County, China. 15N isotope tracing was used to determine denitrification and anammox rates. Denitrification was the primary nitrogen removal pathway, with an average contribution of 82.34%. Denitrification and anammox rates varied significantly under different human influences, with the highest rates in residential and agricultural areas. NH4+, chlorophyll a, NO3−, and pH were the main environmental factors. This study highlights the need for targeted wetland management and restoration strategies based on the type and intensity of human activities. Protecting and restoring these “natural purifiers” is crucial for improving regional water quality and maintaining the ecological functions of wetlands in rapidly urbanizing landscapes.
Polymer Nano‐Carrier‐Mediated Gene Delivery: Visualizing and Quantifying DNA Encapsulation Using dSTORM
Authors: Shaulli Xhorxhina , Moreno‐Echeverri Aura Maria , Andoni Mariza , Waeber Eileen , Ramakrishna Shivaprakash N. , Fritsch Cornelia , Vanhecke Dimitri , Rothen‐Rutishauser Barbara , Scheffold Frank 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe success of gene therapy hinges on the effective encapsulation, protection, and compression of genes. These processes deliver therapeutic genes into designated cells for genetic repair, cellular behavior modification, or therapeutic effect induction. However, quantifying the encapsulation efficiency of small molecules of interest like DNA or RNA into delivery carriers remains challenging. This work shows how super‐resolution microscopy, specifically direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM), can be employed to visualize and measure the quantity of DNA entering a single carrier. Utilizing pNIPAM/bPEI microgels as model nano‐carriers to form polyplexes, DNA entry into the carrier is revealed across different charge ratios at temperatures below and above the volume phase transition of the microgel core. The encapsulation efficiency also depends on DNA length and shape. This work demonstrates the uptake of the carrier entity by primary derived macro‐phages and showcases the cell viability of the polyplexes. The study shows that dSTORM is a potent tool for fine‐tuning and creating polyplex microgel carrier systems with precise size, shape, and loading capacity at the individual particle level. This advancement shall contribute significantly to optimizing gene delivery systems.