bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extensionality for fusions and pluralities
Authors: Smid Jeroen 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOne of the more persistent debates in mereology is whether distinct wholes can have the same parts. Extensional mereologists hold that if there is no part that makes the difference, then there is nothing to distinguish the wholes, so sameness of parts implies identity. Non-extensionalists, however, do think there are cases where distinct wholes share all their parts. This paper argues that the kind of argument non-extensionalists employ can also be levelled against a widely accepted extensionality principle of plural logic. Non-extensionalists thus face a dilemma: either give up the argument for non-extensional mereology, or deny both the extensionality principle of mereology and the analogous principle for plural logic.
Small Esophageal Varices in Patients with Cirrhosis—Should We Treat Them?
Authors: Reiberger Thomas , Bucsics Theresa , Paternostro Rafael , Pfisterer Nikolaus , Riedl Florian , Mandorfer Mattias 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe natural history and classification systems of small varices (≤ 5 mm in diameter) in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension are summarized. Studies that assessed the course of and therapeutic intervention for small varices are discussed.Recent FindingsCurrent non-invasive methods show suboptimal sensitivity to detect small varices in patients with cirrhosis. Next to etiological therapy, hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG)-guided non-selective betablocker or carvedilol treatment has shown to impact on natural history of small varices.SummaryThe main therapeutic focus in cirrhotic patients with small varices is the cure of the underlying etiology. The optimal management of small varices should include measurement of HVPG. A pharmacological decrease in HVPG by non-selective betablocker therapy of ≥ 10% reduces the risk of progression to large varices, first variceal bleeding, and hepatic decompensation. If HVPG is not available, we would recommend carvedilol 12.5 mg q.d. for treatment of small varices in compensated patients without severe ascites. Only if small esophageal varices (EV) are not treated or in hemodynamic non-responders, follow-up endoscopies should be performed in 1–2 years of intervals considering the activity of liver disease or if hepatic decompensation occurs.
Controversy and human agency in ‘portrait masks’ from the studio of André Sanou
Authors: Homann Lisa 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis article examines artist André Sanou's individual agency in the invention and popularity of ‘portrait masks’ in and around Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. Rather than depicting abstract qualities of unseen natural forces, common among masks in this region, Sanou created the first portrait mask headpiece in a stylized but highly naturalistic manner, using a photograph as reference. It clearly depicted a specific human being, redefining the mask as a portrait of the deceased whom it honoured. Sanou's act gave rise to a wildly popular mask genre. However, portrait masks have aroused debate about the (im)propriety of naturalistic representation in masquerade. I argue that the features that make André Sanou's portrait mask genre so popular – celebrating specific individuals who are visually identifiable by their physiognomic likeness – are the same ones that make the genre controversial. The controversy illustrates the messy business of reconciling creative differences with societal values that individual artists, patrons, organizers, performers and audience members who serve as gatekeepers of cultural institutions maintain and at times negotiate. As the portrait mask genre demonstrates, masquerade is not necessarily a steadfast, uncompromising institution. Individuals can unsettle or disrupt accepted mask practice, even as they broaden its scope and invigorate audiences.
Reliability and validity of a Mediterranean diet and culinary index (MediCul) tool in an older population with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Radd-Vagenas Sue , Fiatarone Singh Maria A. , Inskip Michael , Mavros Yorgi , Gates Nicola , Wilson Guy C. , Jain Nidhi , Meiklejohn Jacinda , Brodaty Henry , Wen Wei , Singh Nalin , Baune Bernhard T. , Suo Chao , Baker Michael K. , Foroughi Nasim , Sachdev Perminder S. , Valenzuela Michael , Flood Victoria M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDementia is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality without pharmacologic prevention or cure. Mounting evidence suggests that adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern may slow cognitive decline, and is important to characterise in at-risk cohorts. Thus, we determined the reliability and validity of the Mediterranean Diet and Culinary Index (MediCul), a new tool, among community-dwelling individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). A total of sixty-eight participants (66 % female) aged 75·9 (sd 6·6) years, from the Study of Mental and Resistance Training study MCI cohort, completed the fifty-item MediCul at two time points, followed by a 3-d food record (FR). MediCul test–retest reliability was assessed using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC), Bland–Altman plots and κ agreement within seventeen dietary element categories. Validity was assessed against the FR using the Bland–Altman method and nutrient trends across MediCul score tertiles. The mean MediCul score was 54·6/100·0, with few participants reaching thresholds for key Mediterranean foods. MediCul had very good test–retest reliability (ICC=0·93, 95 % CI 0·884, 0·954, P<0·0001) with fair-to-almost-perfect agreement for classifying elements within the same category. Validity was moderate with no systematic bias between methods of measurement, according to the regression coefficient (y=−2·30+0·17x) (95 % CI −0·027, 0·358; P=0·091). MediCul over-estimated the mean FR score by 6 %, with limits of agreement being under- and over-estimated by 11 and 23 %, respectively. Nutrient trends were significantly associated with increased MediCul scoring, consistent with a Mediterranean pattern. MediCul provides reliable and moderately valid information about Mediterranean diet adherence among older individuals with MCI, with potential application in future studies assessing relationships between diet and cognitive function.
Mediterranean diet and its components in relation to all-cause mortality: meta-analysis
Authors: Eleftheriou Dimitra , Benetou Vassiliki , Trichopoulou Antonia , La Vecchia Carlo , Bamia Christina 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe beneficial association of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) with longevity has been consistently demonstrated, but the associations of MedDiet components have not been accordingly evaluated. We performed an updated meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies published up to 31 December 2017, to quantify the association of adherence to MedDiet, expressed as an index/score (MDS) and of its components with all-cause mortality. We estimated summary relative risks (SRR) and 95 % CI using random effects models. On the basis of thirty studies (225 600 deaths), SRR for the study-specific highest/lowest and per 1sd MDS increment were 0·79 (95 % CI 0·77, 0·81, Ι2=42 %, P-heterogeneity 0·02) and 0·92 (95 % CI 0·90, 0·94, Ι2 56 %, P-heterogeneity <0·01), respectively. Inversely, statistically significant associations were evident in stratified analyses by country, MDS range and publication year, with some evidence for heterogeneity across countries overall (P-heterogeneity 0·011), as well as across European countries (P=0·018). Regarding MDS components, relatively stronger and statistically significant inverse associations were highlighted for moderate/none-excessive alcohol consumption (0·86, 95 % CI 0·77, 0·97) and for above/below-the-median consumptions of fruit (0·88, 95 % CI 0·83, 0·94) and vegetables (0·94, 95 % CI 0·89, 0·98), whereas a positive association was apparent for above/below-the-median intake of meat (1·07, 95 % CI 1·01, 1·13). Our meta-analyses confirm the inverse association of MedDiet with mortality and highlight the dietary components that influence mostly this association. Our results are important for better understanding the role of MedDiet in health and proposing dietary changes to effectively increase adherence to this healthy dietary pattern.
Critical groups for Hopf algebra modules
Authors: GRINBERG DARIJ , HUANG JIA , REINER VICTOR 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper considers an invariant of modules over a finite-dimensional Hopf algebra, called the critical group. This generalises the critical groups of complex finite group representations studied in [1,11]. A formula is given for the cardinality of the critical group generally, and the critical group for the regular representation is described completely. A key role in the formulas is played by the greatest common divisor of the dimensions of the indecomposable projective representations.
Drift Resonance of Compressional ULF Waves and Substorm‐Injected Protons From Multipoint THEMIS Measurements
Authors: Rubtsov A. V. , Agapitov O. V. , Mager P. N. , Klimushkin D. Yu. , Mager O. V. , Mozer F. S. , Angelopoulos V. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA compressional Pc5 wave associated with localized hot proton injection was observed by the five THEMIS (Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms) spacecraft in the dusk sector of the Earth's magnetosphere at L ∼ 10RE on 21 May 2007. The wave magnetic field perturbation transverse to the background magnetic field was primarily poloidal, in agreement with the predominately azimuthal wave vector direction (with westward phase velocity). The observation followed two consecutive substorms, when the cloud of energetic particles comprised of the lower‐energy protons from the earlier substorm was mixed with higher‐energy protons from the subsequent one. The clear signatures of the wave‐particle drift resonance of protons modulated by the wave were observed. The wave period was found to be about 2 times longer than the corresponding Alfvén wave eigenmode period on the same L‐shells calculated with the THEMIS data. The increase of the particle energy with the distance from the Earth and the observed strong dependence of the wave frequency on the azimuthal wave number constitutes conditions for the gradient instability of the drift compressional mode (for the Alfvén mode one supposes the particle energy decrease with radial distance). Based on these results, we conclude that the observed wave was the drift compressional mode generated by the gradient instability.
Model Evaluation Guidelines for Geomagnetic Index Predictions
Authors: Liemohn Michael W. , McCollough James P. , Jordanova Vania K. , Ngwira Chigomezyo M. , Morley Steven K. , Cid Consuelo , Tobiska W. Kent , Wintoft Peter , Ganushkina Natalia Yu. , Welling Daniel T. , Bingham Suzy , Balikhin Michael A. , Opgenoorth Hermann J. , Engel Miles A. , Weigel Robert S. , Singer Howard J. , Buresova Dalia , Bruinsma Sean , Zhelavskaya Irina S. , Shprits Yuri Y. , Vasile Ruggero 
Published: November 2018

AbstractGeomagnetic indices are convenient quantities that distill the complicated physics of some region or aspect of near‐Earth space into a single parameter. Most of the best‐known indices are calculated from ground‐based magnetometer data sets, such as Dst, SYM‐H, Kp, AE, AL, and PC. Many models have been created that predict the values of these indices, often using solar wind measurements upstream from Earth as the input variables to the calculation. This document reviews the current state of models that predict geomagnetic indices and the methods used to assess their ability to reproduce the target index time series. These existing methods are synthesized into a baseline collection of metrics for benchmarking a new or updated geomagnetic index prediction model. These methods fall into two categories: (1) fit performance metrics such as root‐mean‐square error and mean absolute error that are applied to a time series comparison of model output and observations and (2) event detection performance metrics such as Heidke Skill Score and probability of detection that are derived from a contingency table that compares model and observation values exceeding (or not) a threshold value. A few examples of codes being used with this set of metrics are presented, and other aspects of metrics assessment best practices, limitations, and uncertainties are discussed, including several caveats to consider when using geomagnetic indices.
Prefibrotic myelofibrosis: treatment algorithm 2018
Authors: Finazzi Guido , Vannucchi Alessandro M. , Barbui Tiziano 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPrefibrotic myelofibrosis (pre-PMF) is a distinct entity among chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm diagnosed according to the revised 2016 WHO classification. The clinical picture is heterogeneous, ranging from isolated thrombocytosis, mimicking essential thrombocythemia (ET), to symptoms of high-risk PMF. Retrospective studies showed that survival of patients with pre-PMF is worse than that of ET and better than overt PMF. Whilst a specific prognostic score is lacking, the International Prognostic Scoring System is able to predict survival in pre-PMF patients, yet failing to separate intermediate-1 and -2 groups, and can be used in clinical practice. Each patient should be evaluated for, and interventions adapted to, both life-expectancy and the risk of bleeding and thrombosis. In low-risk patients with expected long survival, observation only is recommended; in cumulated intermediate-1 and -2 risk cases, whose median survival is projected at more than 10 years, treatment is based on symptoms; in high risk cases, with median survival lower than 5 years, intensive management is required. A pragmatic approach to address the risk of bleeding and thrombosis includes: no treatment or low-dose aspirin in asymptomatic patients; aspirin or oral anticoagulation if previous arterial or venous thrombosis, and hydroxyurea as first-line cytoreduction in case of thrombocytosis or leukocytosis.
Defective mitochondrial protein import contributes to complex I-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Franco-Iborra Sandra , Cuadros Thais , Parent Annabelle , Romero-Gimenez Jordi , Vila Miquel , Perier Celine 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMitochondria are the prime energy source in most eukaryotic cells, but these highly dynamic organelles are also involved in a multitude of cellular events. Disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis and the subsequent mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Therefore, maintenance of mitochondrial integrity through different surveillance mechanisms is critical for neuronal survival. Here, we have studied the mitochondrial protein import system in in vitro and in vivo models of PD. Complex I inhibition, a characteristic pathological hallmark in PD, impaired mitochondrial protein import, which was associated with a downregulation of two key components of the system: translocase of the outer membrane 20 (TOM20) and translocase of the inner membrane 23 (TIM23), both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, those changes were associated with OXPHOS protein downregulation, accumulation of aggregated proteins inside mitochondria and downregulation of mitochondrial chaperones. Most of these pathogenic changes, including mitochondrial dysfunction and dopaminergic cell death, were abrogated by TOM20 or TIM23 overexpression, in vitro. However, in vivo, while TOM20 overexpression exacerbated neurodegeneration in both substantia nigra (SN) pars compacta (pc) and striatum, overexpression of TIM23 partially protected dopaminergic neurons in the SNpc. These results highlight mitochondrial protein import dysfunction and the distinct role of two of their components in the pathogenesis of PD and suggest the need for future studies to further characterize mitochondrial protein import deficit in the context of PD.
DNA methylation and associated gene expression in blood prior to lung cancer diagnosis in the Norwegian Women and Cancer cohort
Authors: Sandanger Torkjel Manning , Nøst Therese Haugdahl , Guida Florence , Rylander Charlotta , Campanella Gianluca , Muller David C. , van Dongen Jenny , Boomsma Dorret I. , Johansson Mattias , Vineis Paolo , Vermeulen Roel , Lund Eiliv , Chadeau-Hyam Marc 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe majority of lung cancer is caused by tobacco smoking, and lung cancer-relevant epigenetic markers have been identified in relation to smoking exposure. Still, smoking-related markers appear to mediate little of the effect of smoking on lung cancer. Thus in order to identify disease-relevant markers and enhance our understanding of pathways, a wide search is warranted. Through an epigenome-wide search within a case-control study (131 cases, 129 controls) nested in a Norwegian prospective cohort of women, we found 25 CpG sites associated with lung cancer. Twenty-three were classified as associated with smoking (LC-AwS), and two were classified as unassociated with smoking (LC-non-AwS), as they remained associated with lung cancer after stringent adjustment for smoking exposure using the comprehensive smoking index (CSI): cg10151248 (PC, CSI-adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.34 [0.23–0.52] per standard deviation change in methylation) and cg13482620 (B3GNTL1, CSI-adjusted OR = 0.33 [0.22–0.50]). Analysis among never smokers and a cohort of smoking-discordant twins confirmed the classification of the two LC-non-AwS CpG sites. Gene expression profiles demonstrated that the LC-AwS CpG sites had different enriched pathways than LC-non-AwS sites. In conclusion, using blood-derived DNA methylation and gene expression profiles from a prospective lung cancer case-control study in women, we identified 25 CpG lung cancer markers prior to diagnosis, two of which were LC-non-AwS markers and related to distinct pathways.
Assessing bone mineral changes in response to vitamin D supplementation using natural variability in stable isotopes of Calcium in Urine
Authors: Rangarajan Ravi , Mondal Surajit , Thankachan Prashanth , Chakrabarti Ramananda , Kurpad Anura V. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOsteoporosis is a chronic disease of public health importance, particularly in low and middle income countries. Measuring the bone mineral balance (BMB) in a non-invasive manner, and its response to different interventions, is critical to the definition of optimal strategies for its prevention and management. In this study, we demonstrate the usefulness of natural variability in calcium isotopes (δ44/40Ca) of urine and the derived BMB estimates as a biomarker of bone health and its responsiveness to interventions. Vitamin D3 is commonly used as a supplement for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, along with calcium supplements. We studied the effect of a short term vitamin D3 supplementation on changes in urine δ44/40Ca and the derived BMB. δ44/40Ca before and after the vitamin D3 supplementation yielded a statistically significant change (p = 0.050) with a positive δ44/40Ca enrichment. The mean derived BMB was net positive (0.04 ± 0.05) in comparison to a net negative value for the control group (−0.03 ± 0.01). These results indicate the potential usefulness of urinary natural δ44/40Ca and the derived BMB, which, along with bone mineral density could be used as a sensitive marker for precision in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
Serum Golgi protein 73 is a marker comparable to APRI for diagnosing significant fibrosis in children with liver disease
Authors: Liu Langli , Wang Jianwen , Feng Jiayan , Yao Mingjie , Hao Chenzhi , You Yijie , Yan Yanyan , Gong Jingyu , Lu Yi , Xie Xinbao , Zhang Meihong , Chen Lian , Li Tingting , Lu Fengmin , Wang Jian-She 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSerum Golgi protein 73 (GP73) is a promising marker for significant fibrosis in adults. However, current diagnostic value of serum GP73 for liver fibrosis in children is unknown. To investigate the relationship between levels of serum GP73 and liver fibrosis in children, we measured serum GP73 in 86 healthy controls and 183 patients with liver diseases using commercially available double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The value of serum GP73 in fibrosis stage assessment was compared with aspartate transaminase to platelet ratio index (APRI). We found that serum GP73 was decreasing with age in healthy controls, while it was increasing with the extent of inflammation and fibrosis in patients with liver diseases. Though area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) of serum GP73 for diagnosing significant fibrosis was nearly equal to APRI (0.62 vs 0.64) in patients aged 3 years or older, AUROC for serum GP73 was superior to APRI (0.76 vs 0.67) in patients aged below 3 years, indicating that serum GP73 is comparable to APRI for diagnosing significant fibrosis in children.
Nonsense mutation in PMEL is associated with yellowish plumage colour phenotype in Japanese quail
Authors: Ishishita Satoshi , Takahashi Mayuko , Yamaguchi Katsushi , Kinoshita Keiji , Nakano Mikiharu , Nunome Mitsuo , Kitahara Shumpei , Tatsumoto Shoji , Go Yasuhiro , Shigenobu Shuji , Matsuda Yoichi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe L strain of Japanese quail exhibits a plumage phenotype that is light yellowish in colour. In this study, we identified a nonsense mutation in the premelanosome protein (PMEL) gene showing complete concordance with the yellowish plumage within a pedigree as well as across strains by genetic linkage analysis of an F2 intercross population using approximately 2,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were detected by double digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-seq). The yellowish plumage was inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, and the causative mutation was located within an 810-kb genomic region of the LGE22C19W28_E50C23 linkage group (LGE22). This region contained the PMEL gene that is required for the normal melanosome morphogenesis and eumelanin deposition. A nonsense mutation that leads to a marked truncation of the deduced protein was found in PMEL of the mutant. The gene expression level of PMEL decreased substantially in the mutant. Genotypes at the site of the nonsense mutation were fully concordant with plumage colour phenotypes in 196 F2 offspring. The nonsense mutation was not found in several quail strains with non-yellowish plumage. Thus, the yellowish plumage may be caused by the reduced eumelanin content in feathers because of the loss of PMEL function.
DNA based diagnostic for the quantification of sugarcane root DNA in the field
Authors: Pierre J. S. , Giblot-Ducray D. , McKay A. C. , Hartley D. M. , Perroux J. M. , Rae A. L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPlant root systems play many key roles including nutrient and water uptake, interface with soil microorganisms and resistance to lodging. As for other crops, large and systematic studies of sugarcane root systems have always been hampered by the opaque and solid nature of the soil. In recent years, methods for efficient extraction of DNA from soil and for species-specific DNA amplification have been developed. Such tools could have potential to greatly improve root phenotyping and health diagnostic capability in sugarcane. In this paper, we present a fast, specific and efficient method for the quantification of sugarcane live root cells in soil samples. Previous studies were typically based on mass and length, so we established a calibration to convert root DNA quantity to live root mass. This diagnostic was validated on field samples and used to investigate the fate of the root system after harvest prior to regrowth of the ratoon crop. Two weeks after harvest, the sugarcane roots from the previous crop were still viable. This raises the question of the role that the root system of the harvested crop plays in the performance of the next crop and demonstrates how this test can be used to answer research questions.