bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facile preparation of Cu(I) impregnated MIL‐101(Cr) and its use in a mixed matrix membrane for olefin/paraffin separation
Authors: Jung Jung Pyo , Kim Min June , Bae Youn‐Sang , Kim Jong Hak 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTCu(I) impregnated MIL‐100(Cr) [denoted Cu@MIL‐101(Cr)] is fabricated by a facile method and utilized in mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) for propylene/propane separation. Cu(I) is prepared from a CuCl2 solution via mild reduction process using sodium sulfite as the reducing agent. The filler is incorporated into a polystyrene‐b‐polybutadiene‐b‐polystyrene (SBS) block copolymer matrix to form MMMs. As a result, both the permeability and selectivity of propylene/propane are improved after Cu(I) impregnation. The best performance is obtained for SBS/Cu@MIL‐101(Cr) MMM, and these values represent 17% and 54% improvements compared to those of SBS/MIL‐101(Cr) MMM, respectively. This result is attributed to the π‐complexation of the loaded Cu(I) by propylene gas, indicating that Cu@MIL‐101(Cr) with internal Cu(I) and a high pore volume acted as an effective filler to aid propylene/propane separation. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46545.
Pluronic‐based dual‐stimuli sensitive polymers capable of thermal gelation and pH‐dependent degradation for in situ biomedical application
Authors: Whang Chang‐Hee , Lee Hyung Kyung , Kundu Santanu , Murthy S. Narasimha , Jo Seongbong 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTThermo‐sensitive hydrogels are considered ideal for applications in the biomedical fields for their biocompatibility, flexibility, tissue‐like water content, and reversible gelation property. By adjusting sufficient hydrophilic–hydrophobic balance in block copolymer structure, thermogel's critical gelation temperature (CGT) can be modified to be near the physiological temperature, which makes it an appealing candidate for in situ gel depot. In this study, we report successful syntheses of novel multiple block copolymer compounds, denoted as dual‐stimuli sensitive polymers (DSSPs), by copolymerizing Pluronic P104 (7100 Da) and 2,2‐bis(aminoethoxy)propane (BAP) using diisocyanate linkers, l‐lysine ethyl ester diisocyanate (DSSP‐1), and 1,6‐hexamethylene diisocyanate (DSSP‐2). Through effective elongation of polymer chain lengths (DSSP‐1: 41,760 Da, DSSP‐2: 41,230 Da), Pluronic P104's reversible thermal gelation properties were enhanced, as demonstrated by lowered CGTs (DSSP‐1: 36 °C, DSSP‐2: 38.7 °C; 15 wt %) that is near the physiological temperature. Furthermore, integration of acid‐labile BAP allowed rapid pH‐dependent degradation of the polymer, which was displayed by gel permeation chromatography and release profiles of nile red and irinotecan from polymeric micelles and gels, respectively. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46552.
Novel Imaging Modalities for Human Embryology and Applications in Education
Authors: Yamada Shigehito , Nakano Shiori , Makishima Haruyuki , Motoki Tamaki 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTAdvances in imaging technology and development have recently enabled high‐resolution three‐dimensional (3D) imaging of embryos and fetuses. Embryos and fetuses stored at the Congenital Anomaly Research Center (Kyoto Collection of Human Embryos, Kyoto, Japan) were imaged using multiple modalities including magnetic resonance imaging, episcopic fluorescence image capture, and X‐ray computed tomography, both in absorption and phase‐contrasted configurations. Using the acquired images, 3D computer graphics were generated and a movie was created to gain further insight into understanding the developmental process. For educational purposes, self‐learning materials were also produced. The present review article briefly discusses each project and the results of imaging studies performed using specimens from the Kyoto Collection of Human Embryos. Anat Rec, 301:1004–1011, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of a combined lignocellulosic / waste water bio‐refinery for the simultaneous production of valuable biochemical products and the remediation of acid mine drainage
Authors: Burman Nicholas W. , Harding Kevin G. , Sheridan Craig M. , Van Dyk Lizelle 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe additional costs required for the pre‐treatment of lignocellulosic bio‐mass prior to enzymatic hydrolysis have limited the commercial implementation of lignocellulosic bio‐chemical production. The use of acidic mine drainage (AMD) water as an acid source for lignocellulosic pre‐treatment has recently been investigated. Large quantities of AMD in South Africa suggest that AMD can be obtained cheaply, thus reducing the cost and increasing the potential of lignocellulosic bio‐chemicals. Acidic mine drainage could undergo further remediation using sulfate‐reducing bacteria (SRB) so that the water is suitable for release. The feasibility of such a system could be greatly improved if this process were to be incorporated within a bio‐refinery, such that all fractions of the bio‐mass are used to produce multiple products. This paper investigates such a bio‐refinery system, and evaluates the different options based on the bio‐refinery complexity profile (BCP). Due to the abundance of grass in the regions where AMD is generated, this was found to be the most suitable feedstock. The most feasible bio‐refinery option was found to produce ethanol through fermentation of C6 sugars, although it is recommended that further investigation be conducted into additional high‐value bio‐chemicals from the C6 sugar platform. C5 sugars released in pre‐treatment could be used as a substrate by SRB for AMD remediation. Gasification and direct combustion of lignin had similar BCPs and thus further investigation is required to determine the preferred path. Similarly, further investigation is required for the best processing route for distillery silage. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Bayesian propensity scores for high‐dimensional causal inference: A comparison of drug‐eluting to bare‐metal coronary stents
Authors: Spertus Jacob V. , Normand Sharon‐Lise T. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHigh‐dimensional data provide many potential confounders that may bolster the plausibility of the ignorability assumption in causal inference problems. Propensity score methods are powerful causal inference tools, which are popular in health care research and are particularly useful for high‐dimensional data. Recent interest has surrounded a Bayesian treatment of propensity scores in order to flexibly model the treatment assignment mechanism and summarize posterior quantities while incorporating variance from the treatment model. We discuss methods for Bayesian propensity score analysis of binary treatments, focusing on modern methods for high‐dimensional Bayesian regression and the propagation of uncertainty. We introduce a novel and simple estimator for the average treatment effect that capitalizes on conjugacy of the beta and binomial distributions. Through simulations, we show the utility of horseshoe priors and Bayesian additive regression trees paired with our new estimator, while demonstrating the importance of including variance from the treatment regression model. An application to cardiac stent data with almost 500 confounders and 9000 patients illustrates approaches and facilitates comparison with existing alternatives. As measured by a falsifiability endpoint, we improved confounder adjustment compared with past observational research of the same problem.
Morbidity and mortality according to age following gastrectomy for gastric cancer
Authors:   the Dutch Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Audit group, Nelen S D , Bosscha K , Lemmens V E P P , Hartgrink H H , Verhoeven R H A , de Wilt J H W 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background
This study investigated age-related differences in surgically treated patients with gastric cancer, and aimed to identify factors associated with outcome.

Methods
Data from the Dutch Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Audit were used. All patients with non-cardia gastric cancer registered between 2011 and 2015 who underwent surgery were selected. Patients were analysed by age group (less than 70 years versus 70 years or more). Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the influence of clinicopathological factors on morbidity and mortality.

Results
A total of 1109 patients younger than 70 years and 1206 aged 70 years or more were included. Patients aged at least 70 years had more perioperative or postoperative complications (41·2 versus 32·5 per cent; P &lt; 0·001) and a higher 30-day mortality rate (7·9 versus 3·2 per cent; P &lt; 0·001) than those younger than 70 years. In multivariable analysis, age 70 years or more was associated with a higher risk of complications (odds ratio 1·29, 95 per cent c.i. 1·05 to 1·59). Postoperative mortality was not significantly associated with age. In the entire cohort, morbidity and mortality were influenced most by ASA grade, neoadjuvant chemotherapy and type of resection.

Conclusion
ASA grade, neoadjuvant chemotherapy and type of resection are independent predictors of morbidity and death in patients with gastric cancer, irrespective of age.
Risk of recurrence and death in patients with breast cancer after delayed deep inferior epigastric perforator flap reconstruction
Authors: Adam H , Docherty Skogh A C , Edsander Nord Å , Schultz I , Gahm J , Hall P , Frisell J , Halle M , de Boniface J 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background
Postmastectomy reconstruction using a deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap is increasingly being performed in patients with breast cancer. The procedure induces extensive tissue trauma, and it has been hypothesized that the release of growth factors, angiogenic agonists and immunomodulating factors may reactivate dormant micrometastasis. The aim of the present study was to estimate the risk of breast cancer recurrence in patients undergoing DIEP flap reconstruction compared with that in patients treated with mastectomy alone.

Methods
Each patient who underwent delayed DIEP flap reconstruction at Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden, between 1999 and 2013, was compared with up to four controls with breast cancer who did not receive a DIEP flap. The control patients were selected using incidence density matching with respect to age, tumour and nodal status, neoadjuvant therapy and year of mastectomy. The primary endpoint was breast cancer-specific survival. Survival analysis was carried out using Kaplan–Meier survival estimates and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis.

Results
The analysis included 250 patients who had 254 DIEP flap reconstructions and 729 control patients. Median follow-up was 89 and 75 months respectively (P = 0·053). Breast cancer recurrence developed in 50 patients (19·7 per cent) in the DIEP group and 174 (23·9 per cent) in the control group (P = 0·171). The 5-year breast cancer-specific survival rate was 92·0 per cent for patients with a DIEP flap and 87·9 per cent in controls (P = 0·032). Corresponding values for 5-year overall survival were 91·6 and 84·7 per cent (P &lt; 0·001). After adjustment for tumour and patient characteristics and treatment, patients without DIEP flap reconstruction had significantly lower overall but not breast cancer-specific survival.

Conclusion
The present findings do not support the hypothesis that patients with breast cancer undergoing DIEP flap reconstruction have a higher rate of breast cancer recurrence than those who have mastectomy alone.
Integrated Cobalt Oxide Based Nanoarray Catalysts with Hierarchical Architectures: In Situ Raman Spectroscopy Investigation on the Carbon Monoxide Reaction Mechanism
Authors: Mo Shengpeng , Zhang Qi , Li Shuangde , Ren Quanming , Zhang Mingyuan , Xue Yudong , Peng Ruosi , Xiao Hailin , Chen Yunfa , Ye Daiqi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHerein, a facile strategy for the in situ growth of a Co3O4‐based precursor with unique hierarchical architectures oriented diagonal or perpendicular to Ni surfaces is reported. This strategy to prepare grafted ZIF‐67@Co3O4 and MOF‐199@Co3O4 precursor structures is based on a simple hydrothermal synthesis method to obtain the Co3O4 precursor and the subsequent in situ growth of ZIF‐67 and MOF‐199, respectively. The morphologies of the Co3O4 products can be tailored by controlling the solvent polarity and concentration of precipitants. CO is chosen as a probe molecule to evaluate the catalytic performance of the as‐synthesized Co3O4‐based oxide catalysts, and the structure–activity relationships are confirmed by using TEM, H2 temperature‐programmed reduction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and in situ Raman spectroscopy, and extended X‐ray absorption fine structure analysis. These analysis results demonstrate that irislike Co3O4 exhibits a high catalytic activity for CO oxidation and contains an abundance of surface defect sites (Co3+ species) to result in an excellent low‐temperature reducibility, oxygen vacancies and unsaturated chemical bonds on the surface. Moreover, we used in situ Raman spectroscopy to record the structural transformation of Co3O4 directly during the reaction, which confirmed that CO oxidation on the surface of Co3O4 can proceed through the Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism (<200 °C) and the Mars–van Krevelen mechanism (>200 °C).
A Technique for Obtaining Reference Measurements to Calibrate Deposition Models for Pipelines
Authors: Haugland Ingrid B. , Halstensen Maths 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA laser method was extended and prepared for obtaining reference measurements to calibrate scale deposition thickness models for pipelines. The technique makes use of a laser device that is inserted into a pipe. Photographs of traces of laser light projected onto the internal wall of the pipe were obtained by slow‐shutter speed photography. Image processing was applied to find the shape and area of the traces. By comparison with images of a clean pipe, accurate estimations of the deposition thickness and shape can be made. The method succeeded in capturing various deposition shapes and quantifying the amount of scale present both in laboratory and field tests. The field tests were performed in a pneumatic conveying system afflicted with scaling, located in a metal production plant.
Highly Stabilized Zinc‐Air Batteries Based on Nanostructured Co3O4 Composites as Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalyst
Authors: Nie Qi , Cai Yixiao , Xu Nengneng , Peng Luwei , Qiao Jinli 
Published: April 2018

AbstractZinc‐air batteries are expected to be ideal energy storage devices, showing features of high energy density, economic viability, and safety. To design such a system, it is necessary to develop active and durable electrocatalysts to catalyze the slow oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) during discharging and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) during charging. In this study, a composite bifunctional catalyst (Co3O4@CNT@MC‐200) for use in zinc‐air batteries is prepared through a simple sol‐gel method, which combines Co3O4 with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and mesoporous carbon (MC). Benefiting from its large specific surface area and, thus, a multitude of active sites, the Co3O4@CNT@MC‐200 composite bifunctional electrocatalyst shows excellent ORR performance in 0.1 M KOH, resulting in a half‐wave potential (E1/2) of 0.72 V and limiting diffusion current of 4.6 mA cm−2. In zinc‐air battery tests, a high discharge peak power density of 267 mW cm−2 and robust lifetime of 8700 min without attenuation is observed. Moreover, the physical properties of the reported catalyst were characterized. This study allows us to envisage the design of highly efficient composite electrocatalysts for zinc‐air batteries and a variety of other energy applications.
Nitrogen‐Doped Hierarchical Porous Carbon through One‐Step Activation of Bean Curd for High‐Performance Supercapacitor Electrode
Authors: Li Qiang , Wu Xiaozhong , Zhao Yi , Miao Zhichao , Xing Lingbao , Zhou Jin , Zhao Jinping , Zhuo Shuping 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNew nitrogen‐doped hierarchical porous carbons (HPCs) with large surface areas were prepared from bean curd through a one‐step impregnation activation method at 750 °C with CH3COOK as an activating agent. The porous carbons were characterized by a variety of techniques such as N2‐sorption analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results show that there are numerous macropores with a pore size of ∼200 nm observed by SEM and TEM as well as micropores probed by N2‐sorption analysis, indicating a hierarchical porous structure for these carbon materials. The effect of activating agent dosage on the porous structure of carbon was carefully investigated. The Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller specific surface area and nitrogen content for the optimized carbon are 2180 m2 g−1 and 2.62 at%, respectively. As evidenced by electrochemical measurements, the as‐prepared carbon has a good capacitive performance and the specific capacitance is calculated to be 284 F g−1 at a current density of 0.1 A g−1 in KOH electrolyte. More importantly, this carbon could deliver a high capacitance up to 118 F g−1 at a very high current density of 30 A g−1 due to its hierarchical porous structure, which will facilitate the ion transfer under high current density. Our research highlights the potential application of these HPCs as high‐performance electrode materials for electric double‐layer capacitors.
Fabricating Bis(phthalocyaninato) Terbium SIM into Tetrakis(phthalocyaninato) Terbium SMM with Enhanced Performance through Sodium Coordination
Authors: Chen Yuxiang , Liu Chao , Ma Fang , Qi Dongdong , Liu Qingyun , Sun Hao‐Ling , Jiang Jianzhuang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe non‐peripherally substituted 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25‐octa(butoxy)‐phthalocyanine‐involved unsymmetrical heteroleptic bis(phthalocyaninato) terbium double‐decker, Tb(Pc){H[Pc(α‐OC4H9)8]} (Pc=unsubstituted phthalocyanine) (1), was revealed to exhibit typical single ion magnet (SIM) behavior with effective energy barrier, 180 K (125 cm−1), and blocking temperature, 2 K, due to the severe deviation of the terbium coordination polyhedron from square‐antiprismatic geometry. Fabrication of this double‐decker compound into the novel tetrakis(phthalocyaninato) terbium pseudo‐quadruple‐decker Na2{Tb(Pc)[Pc(α‐OC4H9)8]}2 (2) single molecule magnet (SMM) not only optimizes the coordination polyhedron of terbium ion towards the square‐antiprismatic geometry and intensifies the coordination field strength, but more importantly significantly enhances the molecular magnetic anisotropy in the unsymmetrical bis(phthalocyaninato) double‐decker unit, along with the change of the counter cation from H+ of 1 to Na+ of 2, leading to an significantly enhanced magnetic behavior with spin‐reversal energy barrier, 528 K (367 cm−1), and blocking temperature, 25 K. The present result is surely helpful towards developing novel tetrapyrrole lanthanide SMMs through rational design and self‐assembly from bis(tetrapyrrole) lanthanide single ion magnet (SIM) building block.
Energy‐Landscape‐Independent Kinetic Trap of an Incomplete Cage in the Self‐Assembly of a Pd2L4 Cage
Authors: Nakagawa Masanori , Kai Shumpei , Kojima Tatsuo , Hiraoka Shuichi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA kinetic trap is the metastable species that is transiently or constantly produced during the reaction by trapping in a deep energy well. In most cases, the reactivity of kinetically trapped species is relatively low under the reaction conditions. Herein, we report another type of kinetically trapped species that is an incomplete cage (IC) intermediate produced during the self‐assembly of a Pd2L4 cage from ditopic ligand (L) and PdII ions with a certain lifetime, although IC has a high enough reactivity to be converted into the cage with the reaction of free L, which was confirmed by the reaction of the isolated IC and L under the self‐assembly conditions. IC was kinetically trapped not because IC lies on the bottom of a deep energy well but because the conversion of the intermediates essential for the conversion of IC to the cage preferentially takes place; IC was kinetically trapped independently of the shape of the energy landscape of the self‐assembly.
Efficient Synthesis of a Wide‐Range Absorbing Azaphthalocyanine Dark Quencher and Its Application to Dual‐Labeled Oligonucleotide Probes for Quantitative Real‐Time Polymerase Chain Reactions
Authors: Demuth Jiri , Kucera Radim , Kopecky Kamil , Havlínová Zuzana , Libra Antonín , Novakova Veronika , Miletin Miroslav , Zimcik Petr 
Published: April 2018

AbstractUnsymmetrical dialkylamino‐substituted zinc azaphthalocyanine (AzaPc) exhibits unique spectral and photophysical properties for dark quenchers of fluorescence in DNA hybridization probes. The panchromatic light absorption of AzaPc from 300 nm up to at least 700 nm and its lack of fluorescence make it an ideal candidate for a universal dark quencher. To prove this experimentally, oligodeoxyribonucleotide probes were labeled at the 3′‐end by this AzaPc and at the 5′‐end by a fluorophore used in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)—that is, fluorescein, CAL Fluor Red 610, and Cy5. AzaPc showed a significantly higher quenching efficiency compared to the commercially available dark quenchers (BHQ‐1, BHQ‐2, BBQ‐650) in a developed model of TaqMan PCR assay. The AzaPc‐labeled probe proved to also be useful in a practical PCR assay for the quantification of the SLCO2B1 transporter gene expression. The constructed calibration curves indicated linearity in the range from 102 to 107 of target copies.
Bromo‐ and Polybromoantimonates(V): Structural and Theoretical Studies of Hybrid Halogen‐Rich Halometalate Frameworks
Authors: Adonin Sergey A. , Bondarenko Mikhail A. , Abramov Pavel A. , Novikov Alexander S. , Plyusnin Pavel E. , Sokolov Maxim N. , Fedin Vladimir P. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCation‐dependent reactions “[SbBr6]3−+Br2+HBr+CationBrx” result in the formation of bromide/polybromide complexes with zero‐, one‐, two‐, or three‐dimensional supramolecular frameworks and different Br/Sb ratios (up to 11). Seven new compounds representing six structural types were characterized by XRD and thermogravimetric analysis and DFT calculations enabled estimation of the energies of the Br⋅⋅⋅Br contacts (1.1–4.6 kcal mol−1).
Kunststoffe
Authors: Wöhrle Dieter 
Published: April 2018

ZusammenfassungKunststoffe basierend auf fossilen Ressourcen wie Erdöl sind Werkstoffe unserer Zeit und werden auch in Zukunft große Bedeutung haben. Heute liegt weltweit die Produktion von Kunststoffen bei über 300 Mio. t pro Jahr. Der Artikel behandelt den Verbrauch fossiler Rohstoffe und den energetischen Bedarf zur Herstellung der Kunststoffe. Aus den Bereichen Standard‐, Techno‐ und Hochleistungskunststoffe werden Beispiele behandelt und der Bedarf von Kunststoffen in der Zukunft vorgestellt. Die Verwendung abbaubarer biobasierter Kunststoffe wird in Zukunft zunehmen. Beispiele über toxikologische Probleme im Zusammenhang mit Kunststoffen werden genannt. Für das Recycling von Kunststoffabfällen als Wertstoffe wurden inzwischen geeignete Verfahren entwickelt, die aber noch weltweit umgesetzt werden müssen. Probleme existieren zu Zeit mit Kunststoffen in der Umwelt insbesondere in den Meeren.
Where there is smoke, there is not always fire
Authors: Johnson David C. , Elmore Joann G. 
Published: April 2018

False‐positive cancer screening tests are a troubling yet inevitable facet of cancer screening. Although false‐positive examinations are known to lead to short‐term anxiety and additional testing, to the authors' knowledge little data have existed regarding the long‐term impact of these false‐positive experiences on future cancer screening behavior until the work by Taksler et al.See also pages 2390‐8, this issue.