bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Operative versus non-operative treatment of humeral shaft fractures: A systematic review
Authors: Sargeant Harry William , Farrow Luke , Barker Scott , Kumar Kapil 
Published: February 2019

Background Humeral shaft fractures are common but debate still occurs as to whether these are best managed operatively or non-operatively. We sought to undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised and non-randomised studies to clarify the optimal treatment. Methods We performed a search for all randomised and non-randomised comparative studies on humeral shaft fracture. We included only those with an operative and non-operative cohort in adult patients. We undertook a meta-analysis of the following outcome measures: nonunion, malunion, delayed union, iatrogenic nerve injury and infection. Non-operative management was with a functional brace. Results Non-operative management resulted in a significantly higher nonunion rate of 17.6% compared to 6.3% with fixation. Operative management had a significantly higher iatrogenic nerve injury rate of 3.4% and infection rate of 3.7%. All nonunions within the included studies went on to union after plate fixation. There was no significant difference in delayed union or patient reported outcome measures. There was a significantly increased risk of malunion with non-operative treatment however this did not correlate with the outcome. Discussion Our findings suggest that in the majority of cases, humeral shaft fractures can be managed with non-operative treatment, and any subsequent nonunion should be treated with plate fixation.
The Impact of Metabolic Syndrome on 30-Day Outcomes Following ORIF for Ankle Fractures
Authors: Xie Jack , Malik Azeem Tariq , Quatman Carmen E. , Ly Thuan V. , Phieffer Laura S. , Khan Safdar N. 
Published: February 2019

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with significant postoperative morbidity. Despite an increasing prevalence of MetS in the US population, its impact on postoperative outcomes following ankle fractures remains limited. Materials and Methods: The 2012-2016 American College of Surgeons–National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried for patients undergoing open reduction with internal fixation (ORIF) for ankle fractures using Current Procedural Terminology codes: 27766, 27769, 27792, 27814, 27822, and 27823. The study cohort was divided into 2 groups: MetS versus No MetS. MetS was identified using a predefined criteria as the coexistence of (1) diabetes mellitus, (2) hypertension, and (3) body mass index ≥30 kg/m2. Results: A total of 1013 (6.7%) MetS underwent ORIF for ankle fractures. Following adjustment for baseline differences, MetS was an independent predictor of experiencing any 30-day complication (odds ratio [OR] = 1.35; P = .020), wound complications (OR = 1.67; P = .024), renal complications (OR = 3.54; P = .022), 30-day readmissions (OR = 1.66; P = .001), 30-day unplanned reoperations (OR = 1.69; P = .009) and decreased odds of home discharge (OR = 0.66; P < .001). Conclusion: Patients with MetS undergoing ORIF for ankle fractures are at an increased risk of experiencing adverse 30-day complications, readmissions, and reoperations. Providers should understand the need of appropriate postoperative surveillance in this high-risk group to minimize the risk of poor outcomes. Level of Evidence: Level III
Assessment of pharmacologic prophylaxis use against stress ulcer in the medical wards of University of Gondar Hospital
Authors: Horsa Boressa Adugna , Ayele Yohanes , Ayalew Mohammed Biset 
Published: February 2019

Background: Critically ill patients with moderate-to-severe physiologically stressful event are at high risk of developing stress ulcers. The use of pharmacological prophylaxis significantly reduces the incidence of stress ulcer in high-risk patients. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the use of pharmacological prophylaxis for stress ulcer in the medical wards of University of Gondar Hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used. In total, 234 patients were selected through simple random sampling technique. The risk of stress ulcer development was assessed using Evidence-Based Medicine Guideline for stress ulcer prepared by Orlando Regional Medical Center. SPSS version 21 was used for data analysis. Result: The most common acute risk factor to stress ulcer was coagulopathy (18.4%), followed by hypoperfusion (9.8%). The concomitant non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use (16.7%), mild-to-moderate brain or spinal cord injury (11.1%), and concomitant or recent corticosteroid use (9.4%) were frequently seen risk factors that necessitate administration of a prophylaxis. In total, 82 (35%) study participants were given stress ulcer prophylaxis, among which 52 (63.4%) were given without indication. The most commonly used drug class in the prevention of stress ulcer was proton pump inhibitors (76/82, 92.7%). In total, 43 (18.4%) study subjects were not given stress ulcer prophylaxis while there was clear indication. Patients with a long hospital stay and a diagnosis of central nervous system disorders had significant risk for inappropriate stress ulcer prophylaxis use. Conclusion: In this study, inappropriate use of prophylaxis for stress ulcer was common. The higher proportion of inappropriateness was due to the use of stress ulcer prophylaxis while there was no enough indication. We recommend future researchers to assess the cost and impact of inappropriate stress ulcer prophylaxis use, and the physicians should be adherent to the standard guidelines.
High-Flow Nasal Oxygen Improves Safe Apnea Time in Morbidly Obese Patients Undergoing General Anesthesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Wong David T. , Dallaire Amelie , Singh Kawal Preet , Madhusudan Poorna , Jackson Timothy , Singh Mandeep , Wong Jean , Chung Frances 
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUND:
Morbidly obese patients undergoing general anesthesia are at risk of hypoxemia during anesthesia induction. High-flow nasal oxygenation use during anesthesia induction prolongs safe apnea time in nonobese surgical patients. The primary objective of our study was to compare safe apnea time, between patients given high-flow nasal oxygenation or conventional facemask oxygenation during anesthesia induction, in morbidly obese surgical patients.

METHODS:
Research ethics board approval was obtained. Elective surgical patients ≥18 years with body mass index ≥40 kg·m−2 were included. Patients with severe comorbidity, gastric reflux disease, known difficult airway, or nasal obstruction were excluded. After obtaining informed consent patients were randomized. In the intervention (high-flow nasal oxygenation) group, preoxygenation was provided by 100% nasal oxygen for 3 minutes at 40 L·minute−1; in the control group, preoxygenation was delivered using a facemask with 100% oxygen, targeting end-tidal O2 >85%. Anesthesia was induced with propofol, remifentanil, and rocuronium. Bag-mask ventilation was not performed. At 2 minutes after rocuronium, videolaryngoscopy was performed. If the laryngoscopy grade was I or II, laryngoscope was left in place and the study was continued; if grade III or IV was observed, the patient was excluded from the study. During the apnea period, high-flow nasal oxygenation patients received nasal oxygen at 60 L·minute−1; control group patients received no supplemental oxygen. The primary outcome, safe apnea time, was reached when oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry (Spo
2) fell to 95% or maximum 6 minutes of apnea. The patient was then intubated. T tests and χ2 analyses were used to compare groups. P < .05 was considered significant.

RESULTS:
Forty patients completed the study. Baseline parameters were comparable between groups. Safe apnea time was significantly longer (261.4 ± 77.7 vs 185.5 ± 52.9 seconds; mean difference [95% CI], 75.9 [33.3–118.5]; P = .001) and the minimum peri-intubation Spo
2 was higher (91.0 ± 3.5 vs 88.0 ± 4.8; mean difference [95% CI], 3.1 [0.4–5.7]; P = .026) in the high-flow nasal oxygenation group compared to the control group.

CONCLUSIONS:
High-flow nasal oxygenation, compared to conventional oxygenation, provided a longer safe apnea time by 76 seconds (40%) and higher minimum Spo
2 in morbidly obese patients during anesthesia induction. High-flow oxygenation use should be considered in morbidly obese surgical patients.
Postoperative Myocardial Injury in Middle-Aged and Elderly Patients Following Curative Resection of Esophageal Cancer With Aggressive or Standard Body Temperature Management: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zhang Zuojing , Xu Meiying , Wu Dehua , Zhang Xiaofeng , Wu Jingxiang 
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUND:
Risk of intraoperative hypothermia is relatively high in middle-aged and elderly patients undergoing curative resection of esophageal cancer, which may cause myocardial ischemia during the early postoperative period. The objective of this study was to compare aggressive or standard body temperature management for lowering the incidence of postoperative myocardial injury that was assessed by troponin levels collected at a priori defined set times in these patients.

METHODS:
Seventy patients undergoing elective curative resection of esophageal cancer were randomly assigned to undergo aggressive body temperature management (nasopharyngeal temperature ≥36°C) or standard body temperature management (n = 35 in each arm). The primary outcome was myocardial injury, defined as the occurrence of elevated troponin I (>0.06 µg/L) or elevated high-sensitivity troponin T (≥0.065, or 0.02 µg/L≤ high-sensitivity troponin T <0.065 µg/L, but with an absolute change of at least 0.005 µg/L) or both during 2 days after surgery. Secondary outcomes included (1) severe arrhythmia, including atrial fibrillation, supraventricular tachycardia, frequent premature ventricular contractions intraoperatively or during 3 days postoperatively; (2) hypoxemia or metabolic acidosis during the first 12 h postoperatively; and (3) deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism during 3 days postoperatively.

RESULTS:
Incidence of postoperative 2-day myocardial injury was 8.6% (3/35) among patients receiving aggressive body temperature management and 31.4% (11/35) among patients receiving standard body temperature management (P = .017, χ2). Relative risk of myocardial injury in the aggressive body temperature management group was 0.27 (95% CI, 0.08–0.89). Incidence of intra- and postoperative 3-day severe cardiac arrhythmia was 2.9% (1/35) among patients receiving aggressive body temperature management and 28.6% (10/35) among patients receiving standard body temperature management. Incidence of postoperative 12-h hypoxia was 17.1% (6/35) with aggressive body temperature management and 40.0% (14/35) with standard body temperature management. Incidence of postoperative 12-h metabolic acidosis was 20% (7/35) among patients receiving aggressive body temperature management and 48.6% (17/35) among patients receiving standard body temperature management. Incidence of postoperative 3-day deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism was 0% (0/35) with aggressive body temperature management and 2.9% (1/35) with standard body temperature management.

CONCLUSIONS:
Aggressive body temperature management may be associated with a lower incidence of postoperative myocardial injury.
I Tweet, Therefore I Learn: An Analysis of Twitter Use Across Anesthesiology Conferences
Authors: Schwenk Eric S. , Jaremko Kellie M. , Park Brian H. , Stiegler Marjorie A. , Gamble Jamison G. , Chu Larry F. , Utengen Audun , Mariano Edward R. 
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUND:
Twitter in anesthesiology conferences promotes rapid science dissemination, global audience participation, and real-time updates of simultaneous sessions. We designed this study to determine if an association exists between conference attendance/registration and 4 defined Twitter metrics.

METHODS:
Using publicly available data through the Symplur Healthcare Hashtags Project and the Symplur Signals, we collected data on total tweets, impressions, retweets, and replies as 4 primary outcome metrics for all registered anesthesiology conferences occurring from May 1, 2016 to April 30, 2017. The number of Twitter participants, defined as users who contributed a tweet, retweet, or reply 3 days before through 3 days after the conference, was collected. We also collected influencer data as determined by mentions (number of times a user is referenced). Two authors independently verified the categories for influencers assigned by Symplur. Conference demographic data were obtained by e-mail inquiries. Associations between meeting attendees/registrants and Twitter metrics, between Twitter participants and the metrics, and between physician influencers and Twitter participants were tested using Spearman rho.

RESULTS:
Fourteen conferences with 63,180 tweets were included. With the American Society of Anesthesiologists annual meeting included, the correlations between meeting attendance/registration and total tweets (r
s = 0.588; P = .074), impressions (r
s = 0.527; P = .117), and retweets (r
s = 0.539; P = .108) were not statistically significant; for replies, it was moderately positive (r
s = 0.648; P = .043). Without the American Society of Anesthesiologists annual meeting, total tweets (r
s = 0.433; P = .244), impressions (r
s = 0.350; P = .356), retweets (r
s = 0.367; P = .332), and replies (r
s = 0.517; P = .154) were not statistically significant. Secondary outcomes include a highly positive correlation between Twitter participation and total tweets (r
s = 0.855; P < .001), very highly positive correlations between Twitter participation and impressions (r
s = 0.938; P < .001), retweets (r
s = 0.925; P < .001), and a moderately positive correlation between Twitter participation and replies (r
s = 0.652; P = .044). Doctors were top influencers in 8 of 14 conferences, and the number of physician influencers in the top 10 influencers list at each conference had a moderately positive correlation with Twitter participation (r
s = 0.602; P = .023).

CONCLUSIONS:
We observed that the number of Twitter participants for a conference is positively associated with Twitter activity metrics. No relationship between conference size and Twitter metrics was observed. Physician influencers may be an important driver of participants.
A Novel Integration of PCM with Wind-Catcher Skin Material in Order to Increase Heat Transfer Rate
Authors: Seidabadi Leila , Ghadamian Hossein , Aminy Mohammad 
Published: February 2019

In this research, a comprehensive simulation study including 3-D Dynamic time-dependent has been performed for Phase Change Materials (PCMs) applicant as a thermal storage integrated with the wind-catcher-wall in order to reduce the temperature difference (As a sustainable cooling method) in the MATLAB open-source–code software. By means of 3-D Dynamic time-dependent, as a final finding, the temperature drop (Cooling purpose) was obtained 25 degrees at about 7 working hours. Passive cooling can be considered as a viable and attractive strategy for the sustainable concept, opposed to mitigation of energy consumption and Green House Gas (GHG) simultaneously. One of the traditional-old-age famous passive cooling systems that are still being applied nowadays is wind-catcher as an energy system. The wind catcher sustain natural ventilation and cooling in buildings through wind-driven airflow as well as temperature difference. Windcatchers can save the electrical energy used to provide thermal comfort during the hot climate in summer case of the year, especially during the peak hours contributed to energy carriers’ consumptions. In this study, by proposing a new design of the windcatchers, attempts have been made to improve the energy efficiency of passive cooling methods. Besides, the application of new efficient methods for the purpose of thermal energy storage (PCM) as a sub-system is a chosen method to increase energy efficiency. By applying energy storage systems in addition to increase system energy performance and reliability, the target of reducing energy consumption is achieved.© 2019. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reservedArticle History: Received May 18th 2018; Received in revised form October 5th 2018; Accepted January 5th 2019; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Seidabadi, L., Ghadamian, H, and Aminy, M. (2019) A Novel Integration of PCM with Wind-Catcher Skin Material in Order to Increase Heat Transfer Rate. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 8(1), 1-6.https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.8.1.1-6
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Nanofluid Usage in a Plate Heat Exchanger for Performance Improvement
Authors: Sözen Adnan , Khanları Ataollah , Çiftçi Erdem 
Published: February 2019

Plate heat exchangers, a compact-type heat exchanger, are commonly used heat transfer devices because of their superior characteristics. Their thermal performances are strongly dependent to working fluid circulating inside the system. The influences of nanofluid utilization as the working fluid in a plate heat exchanger was experimentally and numerically analysed in this study. In order to show off the improvement rate in heat transfer, the experiments were performed by using deionized water and TiO2-deionized water nanofluid. The nanofluid was prepared at the rate of 1.5 % as weighted. A surface-active agent, Triton X-100, was also doped into the mixture at the rate of 0.2% of a final concentration to prevent the sedimentation and flocculation of the nanoparticles inside the solution. The experiments were performed in different temperatures as 40°C, 45°C, 50°C and varying cold fluid mass flow rates as 3,4, 5, 6 and 7 lpm. In addition, using the experimental data, a numerical simulation was realized by ANSYS Fluent software. The both results indicate that heat transfer rate in plate heat exchanger can be improved using nanofluid as the working fluid in place of deionized water. The maximum improvement rate in heat transfer was obtained as 11 % in experimental study. It is also seen that experimental and numerical results are in good agreement.©2019. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reservedArticle History: Received May 18th 2018; Received in revised form October 17th 2018; Accepted January 8th 2019; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Sözen, A., Khanlari, A., and Çiftçi, E. (2019) Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Nanofluid Usage in a Plate Heat Exchanger for Performance Improvement. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 8(1), 27-32.https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.8.1.27-32
Optimal Parameters Synthesis of Biodiesel From Frying Oils Wastes
Authors: Soulayman Soulayman , Dayoub Ola 
Published: February 2019

This study is devoted to produce biodiesel from recycled wastes frying oils (WFO) using commercial grade chemicals in an attempt to help reducing the cost of biodiesel and pollution coming from WFO. The base – catalyzed transesterification method was applied. The variables affecting the yield and characteristics of the biodiesel produced from WFO were studied. Sodium hydroxide is used as catalyst. Different reaction times, different methanol/WFO volume ratios and different catalyst/WFO weight ratios were used with purpose of achieving the best conditions for biodiesel production A series of experiments were carried out, using methanol/WFO volume ratios from 10% to 30% and catalyst/WFO weight ratio from 0.2% to 0.8%. It was found that in treating WFO which contains 0.12% of water by weight and having an acid value of 0.52 mg of KOH/g of oil, and an iodine value 130.42 gI/100 g of oil, no need in acidic pretreatment. Moreover, it was found that, for WFO with an acidic value of 0.52 mg KOH/gWFOs, results show that a methanol/WFO volume ratio of 13% and a catalyst/WFO weight ratio of 0.4% give the highest yield of methyl esters. A pilot production unit of 400l/day of production capacity was designed and constructed on the basis of laboratory experiments and the process was verified on the pilot scale.©2019. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reservedArticle History: Received October 18th 2017; Received in revised form May 17th 2018; Accepted December 8th 2018; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Soulayman, S. and Ola, D. (2019) Synthesis Parameters of Biodiesel From Frying Oils Wastes. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 8(1), 33-39.https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.8.1.33-39
Electricity Production from Wind Energy By Piezoelectric Material
Authors: Büyükkeskin İkram , Tekin Sezai Alper , Gürel Seyfettin , Genç Mustafa Serdar 
Published: February 2019

In recent years, the energy demand has increased, and alternative way of energy production methods are proposed to deal with this phenomenon by scholars. One of the most promising method is piezoelectric materials. These materials can be used for energy production with improving their efficiencies. This work is made with the guidance of one project which aimed to electricity production form wind energy. This method with one prototype is investigated. Two different wind stalk structures are produced with 3-D Printer. These different structures are set up in wind tunnel and it is experimented under different wind speeds and high turbulence flows. As a result, a circular and four-corner wind stalk structures are investigated for low and high turbulence flows in several wind speeds. To conclude, the produced energy is too small for the systems in market because there are many types of piezoelectric materials for various applications and the problems due to measurement devices. However, piezoelectric materials can be better alternative for classical wind turbines in turbulence flow areas. Therefore, the electricity production from piezoelectric material will be promising method in the future with its advantages.© 2019. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reservedArticle History: Received May 15th 2018; Received in revised form September 14th 2018; Accepted January 5th 2019; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Buyukkseskin, I., Tekin, S. A., Gurel, S., Genc, M S. (2019) Electricity Production from Wind Energy By Piezoelectric Material. International Journal of Renewable Energy Develeopment, 8(1), 41-46.https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.8.1.41-46