bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abdülganî En-Nablusî’nin Zimmîlerin Mâlî Yükümlülüklerine Dair Fetvası: Tahkik ve Tahlil
Authors: DİNÇ Emine Nurefşan 
Published: April 2019

Bu çalışmanın konusunu birçok ilimde olduğu gibi fıkıhta da derin vukufiyete sahip bir âlim olan Abdülganî en-Nablusî’nin (v. 1143/1731) zimmîlerin cizye haricinde mükellef kılındıkları vergi ve ödemelere dair bir fetvası teşkil etmektedir. Sözkonusu fetva çeşitli yazma eser kütüphanelerinde bulunan yazma nüshalarda yer almaktadır. Nablûsî bu fetvâyı, Kudüs’te yaşayan bazı müslümanların sorusu üzerine 1114 (1702) senesinde vermiştir. Sorunun sahipleri, Nablusî’ye Kudüs’te ikamet eden zimmîlerin, bazı müslümanlara, belli aralıklarla avâid adı altında aynî ya da nakdî ödemeler yaptıklarını ifade ederek, bu nakit ve eşyaları almanın müslümanlar için helal olup olmadığını sormuşlardır. Ayrıca Nablusî’den, kadının, bu konuda, avâidi alan kimselerin varislerini değil de başkalarını hak sahibi kılma salahiyetinin bulunup bulunmadığı hususunu da cevaplamasını istemişlerdir. Nablusî’nin yaşadığı zaman dilimi devrin hâkim devleti Osmanlı Devleti’nde dengelerin bozulduğu, buna bağlı olarak haksız uygulamaların arttığı döneme tekabül etmektedir. Bu durum vergi sisteminde de tezahür etmiş, bu dönemde tebea kanunsuz olarak fazladan birçok vergi ve ödemelerle yükümlü kılınmıştır. Avâidi de bu kapsamda gören Nablusî, zimmîlerin cizye verdikten sonra ibadetler dışında müslümanların sahip oldukları hak ve mükellefiyetlerin aynına sahip olacaklarını, ilave bir ödemeyle yükümlü tutulamayacaklarını ifade etmiş, ayrıca tebeaya yüklenen kanunsuz ödeme mükellefiyetlerinin tümüne karşı çıkmıştır. Nablusî meseleyi müdellel bir şekilde ele alırken, aynı zamanda zimmîlere hak ve hukuk çerçevesinde nasıl muamele edilmesi gerektiğine dair kıymetli bilgiler de vermiştir. Makalede şer‘î vergiler haricindeki vergilere kayıt getirmek suretiyle cevaz veren fakihlerin görüşleri aktarılmış, dönemin Osmanlı Devleti’ndeki vergi uygulamaları hakkında bilgi verilmiş, Nablusî’nin verdiği fetvanın muhtevası tanıtılarak tahlile tabi tutulmuştur. Son kısımda küçük bir risale hacminde olan fetvanın tahkikli neşri yer almıştır.
Göçün Travmatik Etkilerini Azaltmada Sosyal Desteğin Rolü Üzerine Deneysel Bir Araştırma
Authors: ÖZCAN Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Zeynep 
Published: April 2019

Verileri bakanlık destekli bir sosyal uyum projesine dayanan bu araştırma, sosyal etkileşim yoluyla sağlanan sosyal desteğin mülteci bireyin psiko-sosyal uyumuna katkısını ortaya koymak amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bilindiği üzere maddi ve manevi kayıpları beraberinde getiren zorunlu göç, travmatik etkileri olan bir yaşantıdır. Bu araştırma da sosyal bir varlık olarak yaratılan insanın, göç gibi travmatik bir yaşantının üstesinden gelme konusunda yakın ve uzak çevresinden alacağı desteğe ihtiyacı olduğu varsayımına dayanmaktadır. Deneysel yöntemin kullanıldığı araştırmada, 'ön test- son test kontrol gruplu araştırma deseni' kullanılmış olup, deney ve kontrol gruplarında yer alan 15’er öğrenci, 2017-2018 öğretim yılında Karabük Üniversitesi’nin farklı bölümlerinde ve Karabük Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğü'nün lise düzeyindeki farklı okullarında öğrenimlerine devam eden Suriye, Irak ve Afganistan kökenli mülteci öğrenciler arasından gönüllülük esasına uygun olarak seçilmiştir. Deneklerin yaş ortalamasının 18 olduğu araştırmada sosyal destek faaliyetlerinin psiko-sosyal uyuma etkisini ölçmek amacıyla Rosenberg Benlik Saygısı Ölçeği, Ces-Depresyon Ölçeği ve Kültürel Uyum Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Sosyal, kültürel ve sportif etkinliklerin yer aldığı uygulama öncesi ve sonrası elde edilen veriler karşılaştırıldığında, deney grubundaki öğrencilerin kontrol grubundaki öğrencilere göre benlik saygılarının anlamlı bir şekilde yükseldiği ve depresyon puanlarının da yine anlamlı bir şekilde düştüğü görülmüştür. Deney grubunun kültürel uyum düzeyinin ise anlamlı bir farklılık oluşmasa da kontrol grubuna göre yükseldiği tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak özellikle göç gibi travmatik bir yaşantı sonrasında pek çok açıdan yardıma muhtaç olan bireylere uzatılacak her türlü yardım elinin onların ruh ve beden sağlığına katkıda bulunmasının yanı sıra kültürel uyum ve toplumsal huzurun teminine hizmet edeceği düşünülmektedir.
Actualización y perspectiva integrada de la pediculosis
Authors: López David , Medina Ángela Patricia , Mosquera1 Sara Lucía , Vásquez Luis Reinel 
Published: April 2019

La pediculosis es la infestación de la piel y el cuero cabelludo más frecuente en humanos. Esta dermatosis es causada por el ectoparásito Pediculus capitis, conocido popularmente como “piojo” y, en la mayoría de los casos, se transmite por contacto directo con una persona infestada.
Esta enfermedad muestra una amplia distribución mundial y, aunque nadie está exento de contraerla, afectaparticularmente a la población infantil, traduciéndose en ausentismo, bajo rendimiento escolar y problemas desde el perfil psicosocial del paciente.
Si bien la pediculosis no parece tener mayor importancia clínica, puede ocasionar complicaciones graves; por la falta de conocimiento entre la población y las dificultades en su control, debería considerarse un problema de salud pública en Colombia.
Se describen los hallazgos más recientes de la biología molecular delos piojos, su ciclo de vida, las manifestaciones clínicas, la técnica idónea para su identificación, las opciones terapéuticas disponibles y la resistencia a las mismas.
Dermatitis alérgica de contacto por Primula obconica
Authors: Jaimes Ángel , Forero Jennifer D. , Morales Camilo Andrés , Sánchez-Bottomley William 
Published: April 2019

Primula obconica o “primavera de jardín” es una planta ornamental muy popular en los hogares y jardines de Colombia. Pertenece a la familia Primulaceae y es la principal causa de dermatitis alérgica de contacto inducida por plantas en Europa. Se presenta el caso de una mujer con vesículas y ampollas de distribución lineal en la cara, los antebrazos y las manos, quien posteriormente, durante una consulta de control, refirió el antecedente de contacto con plantas. La prueba de parche con la batería europea estándar extendida (HermalTrolab®) fue positiva y se demostró una sensibilización a primina al 0,01 %, con rápida desaparición de las lesiones después de suspender el contacto con la planta. Se resalta la importancia de la prueba de parche como herramienta diagnóstica para identificar los alérgenos relevantes en pacientes con sospecha clínica de dermatitis alérgica de contacto por plantas.
Kesadaran Akan Allah Melalui Penderitaan Berdasarkan Ayub 1-2
Authors: Stevanus Kalis 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. This article was a biblical analysis of the awareness of God through suffering in the book of Job chapter 1 and 2. The subject’s very important to be reviewed in considering the context of the suffering of believers at present. The aim of this biblical analysis was not only touching theological dimension, but ultimately to change the hypothetical into the realm of practical life, where suffering believers could gain the power of faith. The research method used in this study was the method of narrative analysis or narrative criticism of Job chapter 1 and 2. Through this study it could be concluded that God is sovereign over everything and no incident happens by chance, but there is a plan of God in it. Therefore, reflecting on Job's experience, it is important to carry out self-reflection as well as surrender so that in the end it does not experience despair in the midst of suffering.Abstrak. Tulisan ini merupakan sebuah analisis biblikal tentang kesadaran akan Allah melalui penderitaan di dalam kitab Ayub pasal 1 dan 2. Pokok bahasan ini sangat penting untuk dikaji kembali dengan mempertimbangkan konteks penderitaan orang percaya di masa kini. Tujuan analisis biblikal ini diharapkan tidak hanya menyentuh dimensi teologis, tetapi pada akhirnya mengubah yang hipotetis ke dalam lingkup kehidupan praktis, di mana orang-orang percaya yang menderita dapat beroleh kekuatan iman. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah metode analisis naratif atau kritik naratif terhadap Ayub pasal 1 dan 2. Melalui kajian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa Allah berdaulat atas segala sesuatu dan tidak ada peristiwa yang terjadi secara kebetulan, tapi ada rencana Tuhan di dalamnya. Oleh karenanya, bercermin dari pengalaman Ayub tersebut, penting melakukan refleksi diri dan sekaligus penyerahan diri sehingga pada akhirnya tidak mengalami keputusasaan di tengah penderitaan.
LITERASI MEDIA DIGITAL PADA PENGGUNAAN GADGET (Studi Deskriptif Penggunaan Gadget Pada Siswa SMK Broadcasting Bina Creative Medan Yang Berdampak Pada Pergeseran Nilai Kearifan Lokal)
Authors: Balya Tonna , Pratiwi Sri , Prabudi Reza 
Published: April 2019

<pre><em>The generation of digital children from birth was referred to as Digital native</em><em>, at the same times </em><em>people </em><em>who was </em><em>born </em><em>at </em><em>the first media age were referred to as digital immigrants.</em><em> </em><em>There are differences in thinking and how to use his mind between these two generations when processing information,</em><em> </em><em>the emergence of a new culture due to the use of digital media encourages changes in values in local culture.</em><em> </em><em>The general objective to be achieved in this study is to increase the awareness of teenagers that new cultures born as a result of new technological developments must be able to be balanced by having the awareness and ability to filter the new culture and still maintain the cultural values that have been inherited from ancestors as a form of one characteristic nations have many positive values. The method used in this study was a qualitative method with descriptive analysis techniques,</em> <em>PRA (Participatory Rural Appraisal) and SWOT. The results of this research mention that; ability, and understanding of students, parents, and educators about how technology changes learning, playing, community</em> <em>then an understanding of the importance of critical discussion on technological development to the stages of new media literacy that should be carried out is still in its early stages (</em><em>just know it</em><em>) and not yet applied.</em></pre>
Problems of the short-term tsunami forecast
Authors: Korolev Yu. P. 
Published: April 2019

The risk of a tsunami in an operational mode when there is a direct threat of a tsunami is considered. It is shown that the tsunami risk in such events can be controlled, i.e. to influence the severity of the consequences (the amount of damage) in different situations. This mainly concerns the adequacy of the operational (short-term) tsunami forecast.The problem is that the warning services declare not only reasonable general alarms, but also differentiated by the degree of danger for specific areas of the coasts. Ideally, the tsunami alarm should be declared with reasonable advance only at those points where the tsunami is a real danger, and be accompanied by information on the arrival times of the first wave, the maximum wave, their amplitudes, as well as the expected end time of the tsunami (tsunami alarm) in accordance with the definition of the tsunami forecast formulated by IOC UNESCO in 2013.It is shown on the examples of the events of 2006—2014 that the rapid method of operational tsunami forecast, using data on the formed tsunami, obtained in the open ocean, in contrast to the current regulations, will allow the warning services to decide on the announcement of tsunami alarm with reasonable advance only in those settlements where the tsunami is a real threat, and thereby reduce the number of false tsunami alarms, reduce unnecessary damage.The problems of operational tsunami forecast are considered and possible ways of their solution are offered.
Instytucja pożyczkodawcy ostatniej instancji - na przykładzie Międzynarodowego Funduszu Walutowego
Authors: Frankiewicz Damian 
Published: April 2019

A global lender of last resort is an institution that plays a significant role in an international financial system. It was clearly brought into the limelight by the recent financial crisis. The existence of this institution is strongly justified by the volume and volatility of global capital flows, the increasing financial and economic interlinkages between the countries, as well as the consequent possibility of the spill over effects. The article argues that the International Monetary Fund appears to be the only international financial institution capable of acting as a global lender of last resort and thus ensuring stability of the international financial system. The IMF has proven useful in providing liquidity support to countries struggling with financial dificulties in recent years. It is equipped with adequate financial resources, lending facilities tailored to address the specific circumstances of its members, highly qualified staff and the coordination capacities at the international level, which are indispensable to forestall the crisis in the global economy
W poszukiwaniu dywersyfikacji. Stan i perspektywy rozwoju polsko-skandynawskiej wymiany handlowej
Authors: Michalski Bartosz 
Published: April 2019

The paper aims at analysing the characteristics of the Polish-Scandinavian trade and at evaluating prospects of its further development in the context of the growing diversification of Polish exporting markets. The motivation behind this issue is rooted in the high dependence of the Polish economy on the German market. This brings about a threat to economic security through a specific technological dependence, which may result in a lot of challenges characteristic for the middle-income trap. This problem can be explained by the thesis of the blight of German proximity. The features of intensive trade relations, mostly in the motor vehicle industry and machinery (to some extent also in the electronic and electrical sector), require finding convenient locations for subsidiaries and further suppliers within corporate added-value chains. It should help exploiting current cost and effciency advantages of host economies and thus block the development of potential innovative alternatives induced by the too weak domestic support. For this reason, it is justified to intensify trade relations with other countries whose markets may be attractive for Polish exporters. They should also have competencies and advantages which are insufficient in the Polish economy. Hence, this transfer of knowledge through the trade cooperation (the concept of learning by exporting) may have an impact on the national innovation system. Choosing Scandinavian countries is coherent with the attempts to diversify the structure of exporting markets and is one of the critical dimensions of enhanced cooperation in the region of the Baltic Sea. The research on the trade relations covers the period 2001-2015 together with the original insight into the prospects for their further development. For this purpose, the trade data of the International Trade Centre were used. Their disaggregation (2-, 4- and 6-digit) within the Harmonised System made possible the identification of the most important sectors, product clusters and even specific commodities which may be Polish exporting hits. Another dimension of the analysis covers the technological intensity of the Polish exports and imports with Scandinavian countries, the structure of Polish trade balance and the intensity of the intra-industry trade (Grubel-Lloyd index) together with its subcategories (horizontal, vertical-low quality, vertical-high quality) in the chapters with the highest share in bilateral trade.
Transfer technologii w Polsce na przykładzie spółek odpryskowych wywodzących się z instytutów badawczych i naukowych
Authors: Osuch-Rak Ewa 
Published: April 2019

Technology transfer plays a key role in boosting innovation in the economy. Spin off and spin out companies are important elements of the whole technology transfer system. Their goal is to develop and commercialize innovative technologies. The paper focuses on the processes of technology transfer in Poland, in which spin offs and spin outs, especially from scientific and research institutes, are involved. Part one deals with theoretical issues which are related to the definition of technology transfer, its main forms and channels. The second part presents main characteristics of spin offs and spin outs in Poland. Part three discusses the results of the research and concludes about the key conditions and motives behind spin o>s and spin outs in Poland
Skutki wprowadzenia podatku bankowego w Polsce w kontekście możliwości ograniczenia negatywnych efektów zewnętrznych generowanych przez krajowy sektor bankowy ​
Authors: Łupińska Justyna 
Published: April 2019

The main goal of this article is to present the possibility of internalization of negative externalities generated by banks with bank levy introduced in Poland in the beginning of 2016. The conducted survey considers Polish banks’ adaptive response to newly implemented tax (tax optimization) and co-effects of group response materialized on local interbank and sovereign debt markets. Empirical assessment of bank levy introduction and evaluation of its externalities internalization potential was based on statistical data gathered in 2015–2017.
Étude cristallographique de deux oxychlorures de plomb synthétiques : Pb3O2Cl2 et Pb2O Cl2
Authors: Perrault Guy , Vincent Henri , Renaud Maurice 
Published: April 2019

Pb₃O₂Cl₂ présente l'aspect Pn*a. Ce composé est probablement centro˗symétrique, donc le groupe spatial probable est Pnma. Les dimensions de la maille cristalline sont : a = 11,87 ± 0.01 Å, b = 5,806 ± 0,005 Å et c = 9,51 ± 0,01 Å ; Z = 4. Densité calculée 7,3 ; densité observée 6,7. Pb₃O₂Cl₂ a été synthétisé par pression et cristallisation du mélange stœchiométrique de 2 PbO et de 1 PbCl₂. La mendipite correspond à Pb₃O₂Cl₂ naturel et a les mêmes paramètres réticulaires, mais le groupe spatial est rapporté comme P2₁2₁2₁.
Pb₂OCl₂ appartient au groupe spatial P2₁/c. Les paramètres réticulaires sont : a = 8,73 ± 0,01 Å, b = 15,85 ± 0,01 Å, c = 8,27 ± 0,01 Å, β = 92° 10' ± 5' ; Z = 10. Densité calculée 7,3 ; densité observée 6,6.
La structure cristalline de Pb₃O₂Cl₂ sera publiée prochainement, tandis que celle de Pb₂OCl₂ est en cours d'étude.
Structure cristalline du sulfure La2Fe2S5
Authors: Collin Gaston , Laruelle Pierre 
Published: April 2019

Description de la structure de La₂Fe₂S₅ orthorhombique du groupe spatial A2₁am dont les paramètres sont :
a = 11,40 Å, b = 16,55 Å, c = 4,055 Å (Z = 4).
Les atomes de terres rares occupent deux sites sensiblement équivalents de coordinence 7, alors que les atomes de fer sont répartis dans deux types de sites très différents : l'un octaédrique déformé et le second tétraédrique. Le facteur R final est de 0,068.
Connaissance de l'orthosilicate de calcium
Authors: Forest Jean 
Published: April 2019

It is possible with D. T. A. to determine where the representative point of the stœchiometric dicalcium silicate lies on a graph relating the temperature of one its inversion to the ratio CaO/SiO₂.
This investigation is followed by deductive considerations concerning the evolution of the solubility in terms of temperature and the influence of the γ → α'[L] inversion.
This is but a first step in the critical study of the conditions required to prepare unstable β Ca₂SiO₄ crystals, greater in size than 5 µm. The presence of oxygen lacunae should be able to take a part as a stabilizer as it does for the ß belit (Ca₂Mₓ.Si₁_ₓ.O₄ — x/2) in the Portland Cement Clinker.
The factors which govern the growth of dicalcium through its polymorphism are used in order to outline the consequence they involve in burning materials which move through a rotary kiln.
Synthèse de l'andradite par réaction à l'état solide à la pression atmosphérique. Transformation pseudowollastonite → wollastonite
Authors: Kabbani Mayer , Phan Kieu-Duong , Arnould Marcel 
Published: April 2019

The garnet andradite, Ca₃Fe₂Si₃O₁₂, was obtained at 1 020° C and atmospheric pressure by sintering a mixture of calcium silicate, CaSiO₃. and hematite. In the range 1 100°-1 140° C, less garnet was formed, and at temperatures higher than 1 140°C the presence of andradite was not observed. As andradite decomposes at 1 157° C, the phenomenon was explained by the non-reactivity of the high form of CaSiO₃ (pseudowollastonite) with Fe₂O₃.
The promoting effect of Fe₂O₃ on the transformation of pseudowollastonite into wollastonite was observed during this study.
Propriétés optiques de la covelline et de l'énargite dans le visible et dans l'infrarouge proche
Authors: Cervelle Bernard , Lévy Claude 
Published: April 2019

L'emploi d'un nouveau micro-réflectomètre a permis de doubler la largeur du domaine spectral dans lequel étaient mesurées les propriétés optiques des minéraux absorbants. Il a été ainsi possible d'étudier les courbes de dispersion des pouvoirs réflecteurs, des indices de réfraction, des indices d'extinction et des coefficients d'absorption de la covelline et de l'énargite de 400 à 960 nm sur des sections orientées.
Ces nouvelles séries de mesures en lumière réfléchie sont en accord, pour ce qui concerne la partie visible du spectre, avec les données antérieures.
Pour l'infrarouge proche, elles permettent de révéler l'existence d'une bande d'absorption sélective propre à la covelline, et de confirmer la transparence de l'énargite déjà étudiée en lumière transmise dans ce même domaine spectral.
Une propriété remarquable de la covelline consiste en l'augmentation, entre 620 et 745 nm, de son pouvoir réflecteur avec l'indice de réfraction du milieu d'immersion. La relation liant les indices de réfraction et d'extinction d'une substance à l'indice de réfraction du milieu d'immersion pour que se produise ce phénomène a été établie. Elle explique la rareté de celui-ci.
L'interprétation des successions paragénétiques au moyen des diagrammes d'affinité
Authors: Leleu Michel 
Published: April 2019

Une méthode d'interprétation des successions paragénétiques formées à partir de solutions ioniques en milieu fermé est décrite.
Basée sur la thermodynamique chimique, cette méthode permet de connaître la nature des solutions ioniques et leur évolution.
Les résultats sont représentés graphiquement dans des systèmes d'axes choisis selon le problème traité.
Deux exemples empruntés aux minéralisations Pb˗Zn du Laurium (Grèce) illustrent notre démarche.
La fischesserite, Ag8Au Se2, premier séléniure d'or, isotype de la petzite
Authors: Johan Zdenek , Picot Paul , Pierrot Roland , Kvacek Milan 
Published: April 2019

Fischesserite, Ag₃AuSe₂ was found in carbonate veins at Predborice, Bohemia, Czechoslovakia, associated with naumannite, clausthalite, berzelianite, gold and other selenides. Isometric, isostructural with petzite ; space group O⁸-I4₁3₂ ; a₀ = 9.967 ± 0.003 Å ; Z = 8 ; dₓ = 9.05. The strongest X-ray lines are : 2.662 (10) ; 2.229 (8) ; 2.035 (8) ; 1.820 (8) ; 1.266 (7) Å. Chemical analyses (electron micro-probe) give : Ag : 47.5 (48.6) ; Cu : 0.0 (0.3) ; Au : 27.4 (27.2) ; Se : 24.4 (22.8) ; totals : 99.3 (98.9). In reflected light, the new mineral has a pink colour. It is isotropic. Reflectivity : 33.4 (4,200 Å) ; 30.1 (5,200 Å) ; 32.9 (6,200 Å) ; 36.0 (7,000 Å). Microhardness (Vickers) 31.9 kg/mm² (P = 25 g), 32.7 kg/mm² (P = 50 g). Named in honor of R. Fischesser.