bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population-based Research in AYUSH: Lessons from Study among Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups to Determine Burden of Sickle Cell Disorders
Authors: Nambison Nisanth K. M. , Dwivedi Abhishek Dhar , Kumar Sanjeev , Goel Garima , Prasad Pankaj , Singh Gyanendra , Rajasubramaniam S. , Kumar Ravindra 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background:
Population-based research (PBR) plays a critical role in generating externally valid evidence and engaging local communities in health interventions. However, there is a lack of examples in the field of homeopathy. This study describes the transformation of a Homoeopathy Medical College and Hospital to initiate and sustain PBR. The focus was on Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) of India, with a specific emphasis on sickle cell disorders (SCD), a significant health concern among tribal populations in Madhya Pradesh (MP).

Aims and Objectives:
The study aimed to estimate the burden of SCD among PVTGs in MP and evaluate the effectiveness of homeopathy as an adjuvant therapy.

Materials and Methods:
A sequential explanatory mixed methods design was used, incorporating document analysis, a structured literature review on PubMed, and a search of homeopathy journals and conference abstracts. A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted using probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling in four districts of MP. Blood samples were collected for SCD diagnosis, and ethical clearance was obtained from the Government Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Bhopal.

Results:
The study surveyed 27,892 individuals (mean age 27.71 ± 18.11 years) from the Baiga and Bhariya PVTGs across 346 villages. Out of these, 23,320 participants were deemed eligible for screening. Sickle cell solubility tests revealed that 9.4% (n = 2195) of participants were suspected to have SCD. A comprehensive module and Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) on PBR in homeopathy was developed for future researchers.

Conclusion:
This study provides a blueprint for implementing PBR in homeopathy, particularly with vulnerable populations. The use of mixed methods research in PBR, especially for assessing homeopathy’s role in managing SCD, is valuable for extending research in underrepresented populations.
Estimation of Serum Magnesium Levels and Its Correlation with Asthma Control Score in Mild Persistent Asthma among Children Aged 6–14 Years
Authors: Singh Satwinder Paul , Gupta Harsh Vardhan , Rai Seema , Kaur Gurmeet , Dhir Shashin Kant 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background:
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways. There are multiple factors affecting symptom control in asthma and serum magnesium is one of the factors thought to influence disease control in childhood asthma.

Aims and Objectives:
To estimate the serum magnesium levels in mild persistent asthma patients aged 6 to 14 years. To correlate serum magnesium levels with Asthma control score (ACT) of mild persistent asthma patients. To correlate serum magnesium levels with peaked expiratory flow rate (PEFR) in mild persistent asthma patients.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in a hospital setting on newly diagnosed cases of mild persistent asthma and serum magnesium was assessed. The normal range of serum Mg levels is considered to be 1.5-to-2.0 mg/dl in children. The ACT score provided a snapshot of how well asthma has been controlled in the last four weeks, giving a simple score out of 25. A PEFR monitor was used to perform the PEFR test. The serum magnesium levels were correlated with PEFR and ACT.

Results:
Out of 275 cases studied, 247 (89.8%) had serum magnesium levels ≥1.5 mg/dl and 28 (10.2%) had serum magnesium levels <1.5 mg/dl. It was seen that children with serum magnesium levels ≥1.5 mg/dl have better asthma control than children with serum magnesium levels <1.5 mg/dl. (P-value = 0.001). Children with serum magnesium levels of ≥1.5 mg/dl had better PEFR than children with serum magnesium levels of <1.5 mg/dl.

Conclusion:
It was concluded that low serum magnesium levels were found in mild persistent asthmatic patients. Serum magnesium levels (<1.5 mg/dl) were statistically significantly lower in mild persistent asthmatic patients.
The Investing Layer of the Deep Cervical Fascia: An Alternative Site for Ultrasound-guided Supraclavicular Nerve Block – A Cadaveric Anatomical Study
Authors: Diwan Sandeep , Shivaprakash S. , Timane Rasika , Pai Pallavi , Bohra Zenab , Nair Abhijit Sukumaran 
Published: November 2024

Background:
It is very well known that the supraclavicular nerve (SCN) which occupies the inferior part of the superficial cervical plexus basically originates from the ventral rami of C2–C4, then travels caudally into the investing layer of the deep cervical fascia (IL-DCF) alternatively termed the “prevertebral fascia.”

Methods:
This cadaveric study (a total of 6 soft-embalmed cadavers and bilateral dissections, i.e. 12 specimens) intended to ascertain the location of SCN within the layers of the IL-DCF. We hypothesized that ultrasonography identification of SCN within the IL-DCF and needle tip positioned between the layers of IL-DCF provide an alternative site for the blockade of the SCN.

Results:
After dissection, we described a compact double-layered IL-DCF hosting the SCNs and a specific topographic arrangement at the C4 root with SCN lateral and C4 branches of the phrenic nerve medial to the C4.

Conclusion:
We recommend another alternative site for the SCN block at a site in the compact double layer of IL-DCF. We conclude that a caudal site at the exit of SCN from the IL-DCF would be appropriate to perform the intervention.
Translation and adaptation of adolescent language test in Marathi
Authors: Dharmadhikari Gayatri Nishikant , Waknis Aarti Pushkar 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
Adolescents belong to the age group between 12 and 20 years, during which later language development takes place across all the domains of language that encompass metalinguistic, cognitive, and social advancements. This development impacts both the social and academic achievements of adolescents. Due to the non-availability of validated tools to assess the Marathi language spoken by adolescents, there is a paucity of information on the development of language in the population.

Materials and Methods:
The items of “Manipal Manual of Adolescent Language Assessment” for the age range 10–13 years were translated and adapted in Marathi and were administered to 162 adolescents (10–13 years) attending Marathi medium schools to determine its psychometric properties.

Results:
The translated and adapted tests had good internal consistency (Cronbach α > 0.7) and discriminant validity. The criteria for determination of language age of the original test are applicable, except for the task of morphological derivations in both auditory and visual domains, where the criteria have been modified.

Conclusion:
The translated and adapted MMALA can be used for assessment of language of Marathi-speaking adolescents attending Marathi medium schools in the age range of 10–13 years.
Conductance and F45° in the detection and differential diagnosis of middle ear pathologies in comparison to resonant frequency
Authors: Maruthy Sandeep , Raju Sundara , Ranjan Ranjeet , Pazhayapisharath Indira C. , Megha  , Keelara Shivaraj Sharath Kumar 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
This study aimed to compare the clinical utility of two measures of multifrequency tympanometry – F45 and conductance – at resonant frequency (RF) with that of RF.

Materials and Methods:
RF, F45°, and conductance at RF (ΔG) were determined in 109 participants with normal and 84 participants with pathological middle ears, all with either “As” or “Ad” tympanograms. The measures were compared between normal and pathological ears (otosclerosis, otitis media, ossicular chain discontinuity, and monomeric tympanic membrane). The sensitivity and specificity of the measures in detecting different middle ear pathologies were determined. The ability of the measures to differentiate the middle ear pathologies was derived through discriminant analysis.

Results:
There was a significant difference across middle ear pathologies in RF, F45°, and ΔG. RF showed the highest sensitivity in detecting otitis media, whereas ΔG showed the highest sensitivity in detecting otosclerosis. The measures could account for 94.8% of the variance in discriminant function.

Conclusion:
Conductance-based parameters can effectively detect and differentiate middle ear pathologies. Conductance at RF is better than RF in detecting otosclerosis. The measures can differentiate the pathologies even when the total admittance, as measured in single-frequency tympanometry, fail to differentiate.
Evaluating the Retreatability of Hydraulic Calcium Silicate-Based Root Canal Sealer Using Root Canal Instrumentation—An In Vitro Study
Authors: Malik Akanksha , Kothari Anjali , Mehta Charmi , Rao Vinay , Sule Kavita , Agrawal Deep , Patel Priyal 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:
This study aimed to compare the retreatability of hydraulic calcium silicate-based (HCSB) and epoxy resin-based sealers in single-rooted mandibular premolars, with a specific focus on sealer remnants and retreatment duration.

Methodology:
Sixty mandibular premolars were biomechanically prepared and obturated with BioRoot RCS, MTA Fillapex, or AH Plus. After a one-month period, the gutta-percha was removed and the specimens were analyzed under a stereomicroscope.

Result:
BioRoot RCS showed the most remnants and longest retreatment time, while AH Plus was the most efficient.

Conclusion:
BioRoot RCS is less favorable for retreatment, with AH Plus being the most effective.
Influence of Bisphosphonates on Alveolar Bone Loss around Osseointegrated Implants
Authors: Vivek  , Almudarris Ban A. , Sharan Smitha , Kataria Prerna , Nanaiah Pallavi , Joshi Ravi , Buddhikot Chaitanya S. , Acharya Sheetal 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:
Bisphosphonates are extensively used drugs for the management of osteoporosis and other disorders affecting the bones. The stability and lifetime of osseointegrated dental implants may be influenced by their impact on bone metabolism.

Materials and Methods:
A randomized controlled trial was undertaken with a sample size of 60 individuals who were implanted with orally integrated dental implants. Study participants were split into two groups: Group A (n = 30) had bisphosphonate therapy for a minimum of 1 year before implant placement, while Group B (n = 30) did not have any bisphosphonate treatment. Cone beam computed tomography images were performed to quantify the alveolar bone levels surrounding the implants at three time points: baseline, 6 months, and 12 months after implantation.

Findings:
At the 6-month mark, Group A had an average bone loss of 0.8 mm with a standard deviation of 0.3 mm, but Group B had a bone loss of 1.2 mm with a standard deviation of 0.4 mm. At the 12-month mark, Group A experienced an average bone loss of 1.1 mm ± 0.5 mm, while Group B had a loss of 1.6 mm ± 0.6 mm. The substantial differences in bone loss between the groups were observed at both the 6-month (P < 0.05) and 12-month (P < 0.01) time points.

Conclusion:
Bisphosphonate treatment seems to decrease the atrophy of the alveolar bone surrounding osseointegrated dental implants, indicating a possible advantage in improving the durability and lifespan of the implants.
To Study the Iodine Concentration of Mothers’ Consumed Salt, Water, and Staple Food in the Neonatal Screening Program of Rural and Urban Vidarbha Region
Authors: Kondhalkar Ankita , Kaple Meghali , Ambad Ranjit S. , Dhok Archana , Anjankar Ashsish 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
This study aimed to examine the iodine concentration in the food items consumed by mothers participating in neonatal screening programs in both areas of the Vidarbha region. A developing fetus relies on a consistent supply of iodine for proper brain and body development. During pregnancy, only the mother can provide the necessary iodine levels. If the mother is iodine-deficient, the child will also lack this essential nutrient. Severe deficiency in the mother can lead to significant stunting of the child’s brain and body, potentially preventing normal walking, talking, or cognitive function. Even if the mother’s deficiency is mild, the child can still be adversely affected, even if they appear healthy at first glance. The detrimental effects on brain development may manifest later in life as poor academic performance and difficulties in managing daily tasks.

Material and Method:
The present cross-sectional research will be performed in collaboration with the Departments of Biochemistry, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Community Medicine, and Pediatrics at Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College Sawangi (Meghe) Wardha, along with Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Science (Deemed University) in Maharashtra, India. Mothers who gave birth agreed to participate by providing written consent for the study.

Results:
The average iodine concentrations are quite similar across all sources, though hand pumps show slightly more variability. Different staple foods contain varying levels of iodine, with some foods (like pulses) exhibiting a lot of variation, while others (like rice and potatoes) are more consistent in their iodine content.

Conclusion:
The current study is a hospital-based investigation aimed at screening neonates for congenital hypothyroidism (CH) and does not reflect the broader population. To identify CH, screening of neonates will be conducted within the study area, providing a representative view of the condition. The clinical and pathological effects of CH are subtle and often remain unnoticed. Our findings suggest that the prevalence of iodine reflects dietary quality, educational background, and socioeconomic status, all of which can influence growth and development. There are various factors contributing to CH and inadequate fetal growth beyond low iodine levels, which can disrupt thyroid function. The study indicates that iodine levels are indicative of dietary quality as well as educational and social statuses, potentially impacting growth and development through both dietary deficiencies and other factors.
Comprehensive Neonatal Screening for Genetic Disorders in Tribal Populations of Central India
Authors: Jha Rakesh K. , Kaple Meghali , Ambad Ranjit S. , Dhok Archana , Anjankar Ashsish 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
: Genetic disorders, including sickle cell disease (SCD), thalassemia, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, pose significant health challenges in central India, especially among tribal populations. Comprehensive neonatal screening is crucial for early diagnosis and management.

Aim and Objective:
This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of SCD, thalassemia, and G6PD deficiency in newborns from tribal regions of central India and assess the impact of comprehensive neonatal screening programs.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 382 newborns were screened for SCD and thalassemia using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and for G6PD deficiency using a colorimetric assay. Demographic data were collected, and statistical analyses were performed.

Results:
The screening identified 28 cases of Sickle cell disease (SCD) (7.3%), 35 cases of thalassemia (9.1%), and 34 cases of G6PD deficiency (8.9%). The study found a significant relationship between maternal education and the prevalence of genetic disorders.

Conclusion:
The findings highlight the importance of implementing comprehensive neonatal screening programs in tribal populations to improve early detection and management of genetic disorders.
Clinical and Histological Comparison of Platelet-Rich Fibrin with Periodontal Dressing and Non-Eugenol Periodontal Dressing Alone on the Depigmented Gingival Epithelium
Authors: Gupta Km Sarika , Wadhawan Amit , Tyagi Prashant , Khare Ankita 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
This study aims to assess and contrast the healing results, in terms of both histology and clinical appearance, after gingival depigmentation using diode laser application of the platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) membrane in contrast to non-eugenol periodontal dressing (Coe-Pak).

Materials and Method:
Thirty individuals in good health, aged between 18 and 50 years, were randomly divided into two groups, with each group consisting of 15 participants. One group underwent application of a PRF membrane along with periodontal dressing, while the other group received solely non-eugenol periodontal dressing. This procedure was performed in the intercanine region of the maxillary or mandibular arch for all participants. PRF was processed following the standardized procedure outlined by Choukroun. Patients underwent assessments for pain intensity using the visual analog scale (VAS) and for healing advancement using the Healing Index (HI) on the third and fifth days following treatment.

Results:
Statistically significant disparities were noted between the two study groups concerning the VAS, HI, epithelialization assessment, and histological observations. In the clinical assessment of epithelialization using toluidine blue, it was observed that areas treated with PRF+Coe-Pak showed significantly reduced staining, indicating enhanced wound healing compared to those treated with Coe-Pak alone.

Conclusion:
After depigmentation, the PRF+Coe-Pak group demonstrated enhanced patient comfort and facilitated an efficient wound-healing process.
Dicyclomine Hydrochloride Malpractice Leads to Amputation and Multidisciplinary Team Approach Brings Normal Life
Authors: Mishra Sudhir Ramkishore , Mishra Snigdha 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Dicyclomine hydrochloride is a common drug used for abdominal pain; sometimes, its inadvertent use can lead to disastrous situation. This case report highlights how the inadvertent use of dicyclomine hydrochloride led to upper limb amputation and how a multidisciplinary team helped her to live a near-normal life.
Knowledge and Perception of Practicing Anesthetists on Current Techniques, Clinical Applications, and Limitations of Artificial Intelligence in Anesthesiology: An Indian Study
Authors: Mitra Manasij , Basu Maitraye , Ghosh Amrita , Pal Ranabir 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background:
Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly gaining importance in modern medicine. Yet, there is a dearth of knowledge on what the anesthesiologists know and think about AI in context. The objective of the study was to find conceptual, contextual, and translational aspects of AI among current practitioners of anesthesiology.

Methods:
This investigator-initiated, open-label, analytical, cross-sectional, noninterventional study was conducted from February 15, 2024, to March 21, 2024, with personal pursuance on consenting practitioners of anesthesiology using pretested partially open-ended questionnaire from across India.

Results:
Among 102 respondent anesthesiologists from diverse domains of anesthesiology and wide spectrum of experience and expertise, the majority were in the fifth decade of life, male and qualified professionals; the minority were faculty members and had a decade of practicing experience. Their concepts on techniques, applications, and safety of AI including levels and potentials of use were significant so far as predictive algorithms, assessing vital parameters and perioperative care were concerned. Their attitude on techniques and applications of AI was overall positive on innovation, integration, and employment of algorithms to reduce adverse events and on the incorporation of capacity building as a doable entity. The intended practice was overall significant on techniques and putting into effect an update and institutional practices of AI including predicting problems in real-life practice. However, the majority was apprehensive on the use of AI aligning it with a machine and expressed ethical concerns.

Conclusion:
The respondents felt that innovation, integration, and implementation of AI in anesthesia can heighten precision and safety in rural and remote areas of all surgical specialties.
Comparison of Corneal Tomography Parameters in the Diagnosis of Keratoconus in Early and Late Pediatric Age Group
Authors: Sahin Seray , Palamar Melis , Egrilmez Sait , Yagci Ayse , Selver Ozlem Barut 
Published: December 2024

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study was to examine demographic and tomographic parameters in pediatric patients diagnosed with keratoconus and to evaluate the difference between early and late age periods.

METHODS:
This retrospective study included patients younger than 18 years of age who were diagnosed with keratoconus. All examination findings, demographic data, tomography parameters, and keratoconus stages were recorded. The patients were divided into two groups: 14 years or younger (Group 1) and those between 14 and 18 years old (Group 2). All corneal tomography parameters were compared in the subgroups and were evaluated statistically. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS:
A total of 131 eyes of 71 patients were included. The mean age was 15.7 ± 1.8 (range, 10–18) years, and the female-to-male ratio was 23/48. The mean best spectacle-corrected visual acuity was 0.36 ± 0.44 (range, 0–3.1) logMAR. The averages of K1, K2, Km, and Kmax were 49.0 ± 6.2 (range, 39.6–74.5) D, 53.5 ± 7.0 (range, 43.3–76.8) D, 51.3 ± 6.5 (range, 41.5–75) D, and 59.1 ± 9.0 (range, 44.7–85.2) D, respectively, and the mean central corneal thickness (CCT) was 456.9 ± 63.5 µm (range, 261–601). The distribution of eyes with keratoconus from stages 1–4 was 5.3%, 36.6%, 38.9%, and 19.1%, respectively. When the groups were compared, K1, K2, Km, and Kmax were significantly steeper in Group 1 compared to Group 2 (P = 0.006, P = 0.004, P = 0.004, and P = 0.007, respectively). CCT and the thinnest corneal thickness values were significantly less in Group 1 (P = 0.038 and P = 0.041, respectively).

CONCLUSION:
The decision for treatment – especially cross-linking – should be made at the right time due to the increased risk of progression in the earlier ages in pediatric keratoconus population.
Unraveling medication errors in Indian scholarly articles (2010–2023): A comprehensive review
Authors: Shanmugapriya J. , Mehta Seema , Garg Swati , Saxena Tanjul , Sharma Neeti , Goswami Geetika 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Despite ongoing research, there is a lack of emphasis on implementing strategies to improve medication safety and enhance patient care, highlighting the urgent need for robust interventions. This review aims to synthesize existing literature, advocate for greater attention to medication safety practices, and catalyze efforts toward fostering a culture of safety and excellence in medication management in Indian healthcare systems. Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, a systematic review was conducted, utilizing various databases to search for relevant Indian papers. A total of 29 papers were categorized and subjected to thorough analysis to fulfill the review’s objectives. The analysis revealed that a majority of articles identified prescription errors as the most prevalent, often attributed to non-adherence. Antibiotics emerged as a significant contributor to medication errors, as highlighted by several studies, with errors categorized predominantly as A and B according to NCCMERP criteria. The literature review underscores a predominance of prospective observational and quantitative studies, notably lacking qualitative research which could enrich insights into patient communication strategies on medication errors. Studies predominantly conducted in individual hospital settings lack region-wide prevalence calculations, and while some intervention studies were identified, specific recommendations for further action remain lacking, suggesting a need for future research to bridge this gap.