bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening for hepatitis C at the emergency department: Should babyboomers also be screened in Belgium?
Authors: Bielen Rob , Kremer Cécile , Koc Özgür M. , Busschots Dana , Hendrickx Diana M. , Vanelderen Pascal , Hens Niel , Nevens Frederik , Robaeys Geert 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackground & AimsPatients are not screened adequately for hepatitis C virus infection in Belgium. In the USA, the Center for Disease Control recommends screening for patients born in the babyboom period (1945‐1965). In Europe, the babyboom cohort was born between 1955 and 1974, but no screening policy has been targeted to this group. We aimed to study the prevalence of hepatitis C virus in an emergency department population in Belgium and the risk factors associated with hepatitis C virus infection.MethodWe performed a monocentric, cross‐sectional seroprevalence study between January and November 2017 in a large Belgian non‐university hospital. Patients aged 18‐70 years presenting at the emergency department were eligible. Patients completed a risk assessment questionnaire and were screened for hepatitis C virus antibodies (Ab) with reflex hepatitis C virus ribonucleic acid testing.ResultsOf 2970 patients, 2366 (79.7%) agreed to participate. hepatitis C virus Ab prevalence was 1.31%. Twenty‐one (67.7%) hepatitis C virus Ab‐positive patients were born between 1955 and 1974. With a previous treatment uptake of 54.5%, the prevalence of viremia was 0.9% in retrospect; 0.2% were newly diagnosed. The weighted multiple logistic regression model identified males born in the 1955‐1974 cohort, intravenous drug use and high endemic birth country as significant risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection (P < 0.05).ConclusionAlthough the prevalence of hepatitis C virus Ab at the emergency department was higher than previously estimated for the general population in Belgium, the number of newly diagnosed patients with viremia was low. To optimize screening strategies, screening should be offered to males born in the 1955‐1974 cohort, but especially in drug users, the prison population and immigrants from high endemic countries.
Prevalence of sleep apnoea in non‐dialysis chronic kidney disease patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Huang Zhuo , Tang Xi , Zhang Tao , Qiu Shi , Xia Zijing , Fu Ping 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTAimThe prevalence of sleep apnoea (SA) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) varies greatly across preceding studies. The aim of our study was to provide a summary of the prevalence of SA among non‐dialysis CKD patients.MethodMedline, Embase, Web of Science, China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database, VIP Chinese scientific journal database (VIP) and Wanfang Digital Periodical Full‐text database were searched up to September 2018 to identify publications related to the prevalence of SA in non‐dialysis CKD patients assessed by sleep questionnaires or sleep respiration monitoring. Random‐effects meta‐analysis was used to estimate pooled prevalence of SA. And subgroup analysis and meta‐regression were conducted as well.ResultsThe pooled prevalence of SA in the included 26 studies was 38% (95% confidence interval [CI], 21–70%). In subgroup analyses, the pooled prevalence of SA varied using different diagnostic tools. The pooled prevalence of questionnaire‐based SA for CKD was 10% (95% CI, 3–27%), while the prevalence of sleep monitoring‐based SA was 56% (95% CI, 49–66%). Also, advanced CKD patients had a greater chance to suffer from moderate‐to‐severe SA than early stage CKD patients. Male patients were more likely to be affected by moderate‐to‐severe SA than female patients (47% vs 30%, P = 0.018).ConclusionSleep apnoea is commonly seen in both early and advanced non‐dialysis CKD patients. Sleep related scales provided lower prevalence than instrumental sleep monitoring, therefore, underestimated the presence of SA. The prevalence of SA increases in advanced CKD. And male patients are more likely to be affected by SA than female patients.
Developing leadership and capacity building: Reflections of a nurse leader
Authors: Kunaviktikul Wipada , Turale Sue , Stone Teresa E. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractGlobally, leadership in nursing and healthcare is vital to develop professional skills and knowledge to improve both practice and population health. Much can be learned from the leadership experiences of others, such as Professor Wipada Kunaviktikul from Thailand, a well‐known nursing leader. Among her many life achievements, she is a founding member of the Editorial Board of Nursing & Health Sciences and was invited to share her life story with readers. Her life story includes experiences of leadership and capacity building in health, administration and education, across many organizations nationally and internationally. She describes how her early experiences contributed to her later achievements, such as working to establish international relationships, networks and collaborating centers, and English‐language nursing degrees and training courses for Thai and international students. Nurses and other health professionals can reflect on how her values and commitment to nursing excellence have shaped her leadership style to the present time. The importance of role models and mentors in capacity building for leadership is emphasized in her personal leadership development and in the development of other leaders. In conclusion, leadership suggestions are given for future and present nursing leaders.
Developmental defects of enamel in the deciduous incisors of infants born preterm: Prospective cohort
Authors: Cortines Andréa Araujo de Oliveira , Corrêa‐Faria Patrícia , Paulsson Liselotte , Costa Paulo Sucasas , Costa Luciane Rezende 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveDevelopmental defects of enamel (DDE) in preterm infants still require clarification and may favour dental caries, lower food intake and greater difficulty with weight–height gain. We evaluated factors associated with DDE in preterm infants.Subjects and MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, we monitored 54 prematurely born infants from birth to 24 months of age. Trained and calibrated dentists examined the oral cavity of these children to identify and categorize DDE. Information on perinatal variables was collected from the infants’ medical records and interviews with their mothers. The data were analysed using Student's t test, a chi‐squared test and Pearson's product–moment correlation coefficient.ResultsA total of 46.3% of the 54 children presented DDE, which was observed more frequently in the left hemiarch in children born extremely (<28 weeks of gestation) or very preterm (28 to <32 weeks; RR = 2.2; 95% CI 1.3–3.6), with very low birthweight (<1,500 g; RR = 2.0; 95% CI 1.1–3.5), who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (RR = 1.3; 95% CI 1.0–1.7), and who were intubated (RR = 1.6; 95% CI 1.1–2.2).ConclusionsThe high incidence of incisor enamel defects, particularly on the left side, was related to higher risk prematurity and to local trauma from intubation.
Use and misuse of discrete character data for morphospace and disparity analyses
Authors: Gerber Sylvain 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe measurement of morphological variation in macroevolutionary studies is increasingly based on morphospaces constructed from discrete character data. This trend mostly results from the appropriation of phylogenetic data matrices as character spaces for carrying out disparity analyses. Phylogenetic matrices provide morphological descriptions of taxa as combinations of character states and thus appear, if not conceptually, at least mathematically, comparable to discrete character datasets found in numerical taxonomy or built for disparity purposes. Hence, phylogenetic matrices seem to constitute an abundant source of data readily available for morphospace analyses. Discrete character spaces have generally been described as more flexible than morphospaces capturing continuous shape variation. The discrete coding of morphology allows morphospaces to accommodate more disparate morphologies and the ability of discrete character schemes to handle missing data is also often emphasized. This flexibility comes at a cost, however. Multivariate ordinations of such spaces often provide deceptive visualizations and may invite the use of inappropriate methodologies for their exploration. The large amount of missing data that typifies many phylogenetic datasets is also problematic for the measurement of dissimilarity among taxa and can therefore be detrimental to the assessment of morphological disparity. Here, the properties of discrete character spaces are described and common pitfalls discussed. Graphical and methodological approaches are suggested to circumvent or limit their impact, and greater caution is recommended when using discrete character data for morphospace and disparity inferences.
Cisgenic overexpression of cytosolic glutamine synthetase improves nitrogen utilization efficiency in barley and prevents grain protein decline under elevated CO2
Authors: Gao Yajie , de Bang Thomas C. , Schjoerring Jan K. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryCytosolic glutamine synthetase (GS1) plays a central role in nitrogen (N) metabolism. The importance of GS1 in N remobilization during reproductive growth has been reported in cereal species but attempts to improve N utilization efficiency (NUE) by overexpressing GS1 have yielded inconsistent results. Here, we demonstrate that transformation of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) plants using a cisgenic strategy to express an extra copy of native HvGS1‐1 lead to increased HvGS1.1 expression and GS1 enzyme activity. GS1 overexpressing lines exhibited higher grain yields and NUE than wild‐type plants when grown under three different N supplies and two levels of atmospheric CO2. In contrast with the wild‐type, the grain protein concentration in the GS1 overexpressing lines did not decline when plants were exposed to elevated (800–900 μL/L) atmospheric CO2. We conclude that an increase in GS1 activity obtained through cisgenic overexpression of HvGS1‐1 can improve grain yield and NUE in barley. The extra capacity for N assimilation obtained by GS1 overexpression may also provide a means to prevent declining grain protein levels under elevated atmospheric CO2.
What soil information do crop advisors use to develop nitrogen fertilizer recommendations for grain growers in New South Wales, Australia?
Authors: Schwenke Graeme , Beange Luke , Cameron John , Bell Mike , Harden Steve 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe Australian grains industry relies on mineralized nitrogen (N) from soil organic matter and plant residues, but fertilizer N is increasingly needed to optimize yields. Most farmers are guided on N fertilizer requirements by commercial crop advisors. We surveyed (n = 132) and interviewed (n = 11) New South Wales grains advisors to gauge the usage of soil process understanding, soil data and decision support systems (DSSs) when developing N recommendations. Soil moisture at sowing, seasonal forecasts, crop rotation, soil mineral N, financial risk profiles and paddock history were all used to prepare N fertilizer advice, but stored soil moisture was most important. Farmer confidence in soil N testing was low due to high spatial variability. Most advisors calculated N fertilizer required for yields within 10%–15% of crop potential, but clients’ attitude to financial risk guided final N recommendations. Conservative growers preferred a low input system, while more reliable rainfall or greater reliance on stored soil water led growers to apply higher N rates to maximize long‐term profits. Advisors preferred “rules‐of‐thumb,” simple DSSs and knowledge of crop growth, to elaborate DSSs requiring detailed inputs and soil characterization. Few used in‐crop N sensing. N decision methodologies need to be updated to account for changes in soil fertility, cropping systems and farming practices. New research is needed to answer practical questions regarding soil N mineralization and N losses associated with alternative N application practices and extreme weather events. Training of new advisors in N processes and DSS use needs to be ongoing.
Testing the public–private soil data and information sharing model for sustainable soil management outcomes
Authors: Robinson Nathan J. , Dahlhaus Peter G. , Wong Megan , MacLeod Andrew , Jones Dean , Nicholson Cam 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSoil data form the basis of soil information systems across the globe. Soil information needs, and the questions posed by users, are likely to evolve in response to advances in technology in this era of Big Data. This poses a challenge to the pedological community which is already experiencing a decline in soil knowledge and expertise. With a decrease in soil data collection by governments, it is timely to reconsider how and what soil information should be provided to future users. A public–private partnership is advocated to deliver timely and accessible soil information to users. Two public–private provisioning programs are presented, and advantages and considerations for sharing soil data and information amongst industry, government, research organizations, service providers and land managers for these are discussed. Interoperable, open‐source and agreed soil community standards are used to present soil data and information through spatial web portals with tools for interpretation of soil data for public and private beneficiaries.
Biochar has little effect on soil dissolved organic carbon pool 5 years after biochar application under field condition
Authors: Dong Xinliang , Singh Bhupinder Pal , Li Guitong , Lin Qimei , Zhao Xiaorong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBiochar application can improve soil properties, such as increasing soil organic carbon content, soil pH and water content. These properties are important to soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC); however, the effects of biochar on DOC concentration and composition have received little research attention, especially several years after biochar application under field conditions. This study was conducted in a long‐term experimental field where the biochar was only applied once in 2009. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of different biochar application rates (0, 30, 60 and 90 t ha−1) on the dynamics of soil water content, DOC concentration and DOC compositions (reducing sugar, soluble phenol and aromatics) over nine samplings during a 12‐month period in 2014. Our results showed that soil water content and DOC concentration varied from 7.1% to 14.5% and 59 to 230 mg C kg−1 soil during the 12 months, respectively. However, the biochar application rates did not significantly (p > 0.05) affect soil water content, DOC concentration and DOC composition at the same sampling period. The DOC concentration across the biochar treatments was positively correlated to soil water content. Moreover, the DOC composition (reducing sugar, soluble phenol or aromatics) and their concentrations were positively correlated to the total DOC concentration. In addition, biochar did not affect soil bulk density, pH, saturated hydraulic conductivity and crop yields. The results indicated that some benefits of biochar to soil may not persist 5 years after the application of biochar under a field condition.
Immunoglobulins and virus antibody titers: of past needs, current requirements, and future options
Authors: Kreil Thomas R. , Farcet Maria R. 
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUNDImmunoglobulins (Igs) have been in clinical use for almost 70 years, and early on were also used in conjunction with exposure to the measles virus or polio virus. The US regulations that describe functional Ig lot release thus require the demonstration of minimum antibody titers against these two viruses, although the use of vaccines has now dramatically reduced their incidence. The lower clinical importance of these viruses raises the question of whether other virus antibodies might be more informative for patients with immunodeficiency.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA literature survey was conducted to identify viruses of potential clinical concern for people with immunodeficiency. The viruses selected have stable seroepidemiology and associated functional antibody assays. As a result, neutralizing antibody titers to human adenovirus 5 (HAdV5), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) serotypes A and B, and human parainfluenza virus 3 (hPIV3) were determined in Ig lots produced from plasma collected in either the United States or the European Union.RESULTSThe virus antibody titers measured were high and consistent among the Ig lots tested. Use of either US‐ or EU‐derived plasma as starting material resulted in equivalent virus antibody titers, with the exception of RSV serotype B, for which a lower titer was seen in EU plasma–derived Ig lots.CONCLUSIONWith the significant decline in measles virus and polio virus circulation, and even their potential eradication, measurement of antibody titers against other viruses in Ig products may be more informative for functional lot release testing.
Family-oriented interventions for adults with acquired brain injury and their families: a scoping review
Authors: de Goumoëns Véronique , Rio Laura Marques , Jaques Cécile , Ramelet Anne-Sylvie 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This scoping review sought to describe the literature on the different types of interventions to support families of patients with acquired brain injuries (ABIs) and their outcomes.

Introduction:
Acquired brain injuries are among the leading causes of disability in adults worldwide and have physical, cognitive or/and behavioral consequences not only for the patient, but also for the family. Several support interventions have been proposed in different contexts at different phases of recovery with various levels of evidence, yet no synthesis is available to date.

Inclusion criteria:
We included studies that focused on family members of patients suffering from ABI. The concept under review included any type of intervention or action oriented to support families of patients with ABI, in any care setting. We included all published qualitative and quantitative designs, including those in the gray literature.

Methods:
A three-step search strategy was performed. Searches were conducted in eight major databases, MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane, JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports, Web of Science in April 2017, and seven databases for unpublished studies in November 2017. This review was limited to studies published in English and French since January 2007. Additional studies were searched amongst reference lists of all included articles.

Results:
We included 89 studies, 19 secondary studies (systematic reviews n = 13, other type of reviews n = 6) and 70 primary studies (experimental studies n = 20, quasi-experimental studies n = 33, other designs n = 17). Even if heterogeneity was found in the characteristics of the 64 selected interventions, emotional support and education were highlighted as the main core components for family-oriented interventions. Mental health and burden were the two most prevalent outcomes found in this scoping review. Interventions targeted families and patients together in 56% of the cases or families alone.

Conclusion:
This scoping review provides an actual state of the current evidence available for families of patients with ABI. Extended and heterogeneous literature was found, showing the growing interest for considering ABI as a family issue in recent years. However, the overall level of evidence found indicates that more research is still needed to determine key components to intervene within this specific population.
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">A new species of Caligonella Berlese (Acari, Caligonellidae) from Turkey</span>
Authors: AKYOL Mustafa 
Published: December 2018

A new species viz. Caligonella urhani sp. nov., collected from soil and litter under Astragalus sp. (Fabaceae), Bromus sp. (Poaceae), Juncus sp. (Juncaceae) Medicago sativa (Fabaceae), Pistacia lentiscus (Anacardiaceae), Quercus infectoria (Fagaceae), Robinia pseudoacacia (Fabaceae) Salvia sp. (Lamiaceae) and Verbascum sp. (Scrophulariaceae), is described and illustrated based on adult females and protonymphs. A key to known species of Caligonella is provided.
Linkage to primary care after home-based blood pressure screening in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Siedner Mark J , Baisley Kathy , Orne-Gliemann Joanna , Pillay Deenan , Koole Olivier , Wong Emily B , Matthews Philippa , Tanser Frank , Herbst Kobus , Barnighausen Till , Bachmann Max 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesThe expanding burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) globally will require novel public health strategies. Community-based screening has been promoted to augment efficiency of diagnostic services, but few data are available on the downstream impact of such programmes. We sought to assess the impact of a home-based blood pressure screening programme on linkage to hypertension care in rural South Africa.SettingWe conducted home-based blood pressure screening withinin a population cohort in rural KwaZulu-Natal, using the WHO Stepwise Approach to Surveillance (STEPS) protocol.ParticipantsIndividuals meeting criteria for raised blood pressure (≥140 systolic or ≥90 diastolic averaged over two readings) were referred to local health clinics and included in this analysis. We defined linkage to care based on self-report of presentation to clinic for hypertension during the next 2 years of cohort observation. We estimated the population proportion of successful linkage to care with inverse probability sampling weights, and fit multivariable logistic regression models to identify predictors of linkage following a positive hypertension screen.ResultsOf 11 694 individuals screened, 14.6% (n=1706) were newly diagnosed with elevated pressure. 26.9% (95% CI 24.5% to 29.4%) of those sought hypertension care in the following 2 years, and 38.1% (95% CI 35.6% to 40.7%) did so within 5 years. Women (adjusted OR (aOR) 2.41, 95% CI 1.68 to 3.45), those of older age (aOR 11.49, 95% CI 5.87 to 22.46, for 45–59 years vs <30) and those unemployed (aOR 1.71, 95% CI 1.10 to 2.65) were more likely to have linked to care.ConclusionsLinkage to care after home-based identification of elevated blood pressure was rare in rural South Africa, particularly among younger individuals, men and the employed. Improved understanding of barriers and facilitators to NCD care is needed to enhance the effectiveness of blood pressure screening in the region.