bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Off-farm employment over the past four decades in rural China
Authors: Zhang Linxiu , Dong Yongqing , Liu Chengfang , Bai Yunli 
Published: March 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the trend of off-farm employment in rural China over the past four decades since the reform and opening-up.Design/methodology/approachUsing two sets of panel survey data, the China National Rural Survey conducted in 2000 and 2008, and the China Rural Development Survey conducted in 2005, 2008, 2012 and 2016, this study offers a re-visit of China’s off-farm employment to give us the latest information about its evolution and whether rural labor markets have developed in a way that will allow them to facilitate the transformation of China’s economy more effectively. The evolution of off-farm employment is further examined through decomposition of types, destinations, industries, and population sub-groups as well as the change in the wage rate.FindingsThe data show the rapid increase in rural labor activities over the whole study period. Most notably, the authors findnd that a rapid rise in off-farm employment has continued even until after 2008 and into the mid-2010s, which is a time when some feared that macroeconomic conditions might keep rural residents on the farm or drive them back to the farm. In the disaggregation of labor market trends, the authors show that labor markets are acting consistently with an economy that is in transition from being dominated by agriculture to being dominated by other forms of production and with a population that is consistently becoming more urban.Originality/valueThe authors believe that the results will contribute positively to the exploration of answers to the question whether or not rural labor markets have developed in a way that will allow them to facilitate the transformation of China’s economy more effectively over the last four decades.
Knowledge hiding: impact of interpersonal behavior and expertise
Authors: Lanke Parijat 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
This paper intends to put forward the role of interpersonal (in)justice among co-workers and their individual expertise as important factors contributing to knowledge hiding behavior. The paper is written with an intent to explain a conceptual model for practitioners’ benefit. The work is novel and covers the latest construct in the field of knowledge management and human resource management.

Design/methodology/approach
A conceptual framework is elaborated with a brief explanation of the theory that helps explain it. The framework although being novel in itself, the explanation has been drawn from existing literature.

Findings
If the co-workers do not treat each other with dignity and respect, it hampers their relationship. This in turn makes them hide knowledge from each other and at the same time if one of them holds an expertise power over the other, this behavior would be more enhanced. The whole relationship could be explained using social exchange theory. This holds implications for managers, especially when knowledge management is of paramount importance to a company for its sustenance.

Practical implications
This work provides new insights into knowledge hiding behavior by employees. Certain ways to reduce this behavior are proposed.

Originality/value
This paper is the one of the few written with an intent to bring knowledge hiding and its causes, to executives, in an easy to digest form. The concept is also newly introduced and these factors have not yet been brought up by any other researcher in the field.
Increasing the strategic role of HR: the importance of macro-economic conditions
Authors: Morris Adam 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to introduce notions for increasing the strategic position of the HR function by outlining the influence that macro-economic trends play on the role of the function and the success of its initiatives. The main focus is on how HR can over time change with economic cycles to add tangible value and drive strategic conversations.

Design/methodology/approach
This argument is split into three sections: the importance of strategic considerations for change, macro-economic trends and HR, and HR’s increased input to business strategy. It looks at the work of key theorists in change management, analyzes the history of HR and develops these arguments into conclusions about how to improve HR’s strategic role.

Findings
Key theories of change management demonstrate that strategy is critical to the success of change projects. This means encompassing both internal and external factors affecting a business. By examining the historical development of HR it is clear to see that macro-economic trends are a significant external factor that is not often investigated by HR. If HR can harness this information, they will be able to implement proactive initiatives and drive strategic conversations.

Originality/value
The notions outlined in this paper identify a significant factor for the success of HR that is not often investigated by the function, allowing HR to implement more effective initiatives at optimal times.
The asymmetric price-volume relation revisited: evidence from Qatar
Authors: Ahmed Walid M.A. 
Published: March 2018

PurposeThis study aims to revisit the stock price–volume relations, providing new evidence from the emerging market of Qatar. In particular, three main issues are examined using both aggregate market- and sector-level data. First, the return–volume relation and whether or not this relation is asymmetric. Second, the common characteristics of return volatility; and third, the nature of the relation between trading volume and return volatility.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses the OLS and VAR modeling approaches to examine the contemporaneous and dynamic (causal) relations between index returns and trading volume, respectively, while an EGARCH-X(1,1) model is used to analyze the volatility–volume relation. The data set comprises daily index observations and the corresponding trading volumes for the entire market and the individual seven sectors of the Qatar Exchange (i.e. banks and financial services, consumer goods and services, industrials, insurance, real estate, telecommunications and transportation).FindingsThe empirical analysis reports evidence of a positive contemporaneous return–volume relation in all sectors barring transportation and insurance. This relation appears to be asymmetric for all sectors. For the market and almost all sectors, there is no significant causality between returns and volume. By and large, these findings lend support for the implications of the mixture of distributions hypothesis (MDH). Lastly, the information content of lagged volume seems to have an important role in predicting the future dynamics of return volatility in all sectors, with the industrials being the exception.Practical implicationsThe findings provide important implications for portfolio managers and investors, given that the volume of transactions is generally found to be informative about the price movement of sector indices. Specifically, tracking the behavior of trading volume over time can give a broad portrayal of the future direction of market prices and volatility of equity, thereby enriching the information set available to investors for decision-making.Originality/valueBased on both market- and sector-level data from the emerging stock market of Qatar, this study attempts to fill an important void in the literature by examining the return–volume and volatility–volume linkages.
Macroeconomic determinants of trade openness: empirical investigation of SAARC region
Authors: Tahir Muhammad , Hasnu SAF , Ruiz Estrada Mario 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
Trade openness plays a significant role in the growth process of countries. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of macroeconomic determinants on the trade openness of countries.

Design/methodology/approach
The study focuses on the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) member countries and the data used were from 1971 to 2011. Panel data econometrics techniques and two stages least square method (TSLS) are used to carry out empirical analysis and robustness testing.

Findings
The main finding of the paper is that macroeconomic determinants such as investment both in physical and human capital and per capita gross domestic product (GDP) positively affect trade openness. Further, the size of labour force and currency exchange rate has also impacted trade openness negatively and significantly.

Practical implications
It implies that efficient macroeconomic management matters for higher trade openness. The sampled developing countries are suggested to pay favourable attention to macroeconomic variables if they want to grow in the long run through outward-oriented policies.

Originality/value
This paper is an original contribution in the context of SAARC countries by focusing on the relationship between macroeconomic determinants and trade openness.
Multiplying the use of space and what it implies in practice: a cross-case analysis
Authors: Brinkoe Rikke , Nielsen Susanne Balslev 
Published: March 2018

PurposeShared space is a design and engineering concept that gains attention in the context of both regeneration of, for example, former production sites and in the context of designing new building complex(es) with a multifunction strategy. But the practicalities of realising shared space are generally overlooked, despite its importance for the user experience and the degree of success with shared space initiatives. The purpose of this study is to increase the knowledge of shared space and the complex processes involved in realising multiple use of space.Design/methodology/approachTo achieve the purpose stated, the paper presents a study of current literature and four cases of shared space, including a commercial building, a public sport facility, a public health centre and an educational building. The study draws on theory from the fields of property management, space management, urban design and architecture, as well as from the social sciences and geography, to provide an as complete picture as possible of the challenges related to shared spaces in practice.FindingsThe result of the study presented is increased knowledge of the processes involved in sharing space in a facilities management context, supported by specific recommendations regarding attention to issues of territoriality, involvement and practicalities.Originality/valueNot much scientific work has been conducted on the topic of shared space in a facilities management context, and this study adds to the so far limited knowledge within the area.
Developing waqf land through crowdfunding-waqf model (CWM): the case of Malaysia
Authors: Mohd Thas Thaker Mohamed Asmy Bin , Allah Pitchay Anwar 
Published: March 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to attempt to offer a viable alternative model of source of financing to develop waqf land, which is known as crowdfunding-waqf model (CWM).

Design/methodology/approachThe extant literature on the financing constraints faced by waqf institution in developing waqf land, and crowdfunding have been reviewed critically and used in the attempt of proposing an alternative model.

FindingsThe paper has developed CWM as a source of financing for waqf institution in Malaysia. This model is expected to provide waqf institution in Malaysia to meet their liquidity constraint in developing waqf land. It also involves an involvement of crowdfunding platform.

Research limitations/implicationsThe paper is based on conceptual explorations of literature in the area of waqf and crowdfunding. This is a conceptual paper, so it did not use any empirical analysis.

Practical implicationsThe findings of this paper will provide waqf institution with an alternative source of financing to develop waqf land. The present study also has implications for government and policymakers. By involving crowdfunding, it helps the government to reduce its expenses for the development of waqf land in Malaysia.

Originality/valueThis paper offers an additional literature on waqf and crowdfunding especially from the Malaysian context. The paper proposes a viable alternative model for waqf institution as a source of financing by using crowdfunding, to develop waqf land. This model incorporates donation-based crowdfunding model and reward-based crowdfunding model. This model is different with the existing way of raising Cash waqf, which is conducted also via online basis by financial institutions and state government agencies. Later, the collected Cash waqf fund is transformed into illiquid assets such as building of hospitals, educational institutions and purchasing machinery and assets. However, the nature of proposed model in this study is to assist waqf institution to develop waqf land. Crowdfunding model is used to raise fund to develop waqf land in Malaysia. The fund collected via crowdfunding model is based on donation and reward based, not based on the nature of Cash waqf.
Comparing the determinants of fund flows in domestically managed Malaysian Islamic and conventional equity funds
Authors: Othman Jaizah , Asutay Mehmet , Jamilan Norhidayah 
Published: March 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to provide an empirical evidence on the fund flows-past return performance relationship by also considering the management expense ratio, the portfolio turnover, the fund size and the fund age of Islamic equity funds (IEF) investors in comparison with conventional equity funds (CEF) investors.

Design/methodology/approachBy using panel data, the sample of Malaysian domestic managed equity funds is considered which comprises 20 individual funds from IEF and CEF from 2011 to 2013.

FindingsThe results provide evidence that IEF investors have different factors when choosing funds in comparison with CEF investors. The study finds that the key factor influencing the fund flows of IEF is the management expense ratio, compared to the CEF which is fund size. This study also shows that all the fund characteristics of IEF and CEF are positively or negatively related to the fund flows.

Research limitations/implicationsThe present study may be extended by considering other fund categories such as the money market fund, the balanced fund, the bond fund and the fixed income fund.

Practical implicationsThe empirical findings of this paper clearly call for fund managers and investors to review their investment policy. The results could also provide better information and guidance for investors as well policy makers on the factors that affect the fund flow for Malaysian Islamic funds and CEF.

Originality/valueThis paper is among the earliest empirical evidence studies on the fund flows-past return performance relationship by focusing in a comparative manner on IEF investors and CEF investors in Malaysia.
Pyro terrorism in Greece? Greek forest fires August 2007 and the impact on Greek banks stocks
Authors: Repousis Spyridon 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine Greek forest fires in August 2007 and statements about terrorism (pyro-terrorism) and the impact on Greek banks stocks.

Design/methodology/approach
Event study methodology and market model is used in this paper and data of all Greek bank stocks prices listed in Athens Stock Exchange are analysed, before and after 17 August 2007, which is when forest fires took place in Greece.

Findings
Total number of burned acres during a seven-year period, 2000-2006, was 2,530,883, and during only August 2007, burned acres accounted to 2,059,615. The former Minister for Public Order, Vyron Polydoras, stated the fires may be a result of terrorist attacks, as many of the fires started simultaneously and in places where an arsonist could not be seen. The Minister also stated that the country is facing an asymmetric threat, a military term used for terrorist attacks. The findings of event study methodology and market model show that CAARs were slightly negative but not statistically significant and during event date, and average abnormal return (AAR) was slightly positive at 0.0273 per cent. The event caused no influence on the stock market.

Practical implications
Results are important for banking system, compliance and regulatory authorities, justice system and politicians.

Originality/value
The impact of Greek forest fires in August 2007 on Greek banks stocks has not been examined so far.
Do donors respond to discretionary accounting information consolidation?
Authors: Quosigk Benedikt , Forgione Dana A. 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate donor responses to discretionary accounting information consolidation. Nonprofit (NP) financial statement consolidation discretion significantly impacts program ratio reporting, the primary NP performance measure. Stakeholders are misled to allocate limited resources inefficiently. While some NPs file group Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Form 990 returns with their affiliates, effectively providing consolidated statements, others choose to file independently of their affiliates.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors use OLS regression analysis and panel data for 5,697 NP-year observations for the period 2009-2011 retrieved from the National Center for Charitable Statistics Form 990 database.

Findings
The authors find evidence that consolidation discretion substantially impacts donor decisions. NP managers have incentive to utilize consolidation discretion to influence charitable giving.

Practical implications
The authors urge the IRS and the Financial Accounting Standards Board to reconsider the consolidation guidance for NP organizations, to develop performance measures beyond the widely used program ratio, and to require program ratio segment reporting to allow for better comparability among NPs irrespective of consolidation status. Further, the authors caution stakeholders to consider supporting organization transactions in their resource allocation decisions.

Originality/value
The authors are the first to use NP supporting organization information to investigate consolidation discretion and its impact on donor responses.
A Computational Model of the Self‐Teaching Hypothesis Based on the Dual‐Route Cascaded Model of Reading
Authors: Pritchard Stephen C. , Coltheart Max , Marinus Eva , Castles Anne 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe self‐teaching hypothesis describes how children progress toward skilled sight‐word reading. It proposes that children do this via phonological recoding with assistance from contextual cues, to identify the target pronunciation for a novel letter string, and in so doing create an opportunity to self‐teach new orthographic knowledge. We present a new computational implementation of self‐teaching within the dual‐route cascaded (DRC) model of reading aloud, and we explore how decoding and contextual cues can work together to enable accurate self‐teaching under a variety of circumstances. The new model (ST‐DRC) uses DRC’s sublexical route and the interactivity between the lexical and sublexical routes to simulate phonological recoding. Known spoken words are activated in response to novel printed words, triggering an opportunity for orthographic learning, which is the basis for skilled sight‐word reading. ST‐DRC also includes new computational mechanisms for simulating how contextual information aids word identification, and it demonstrates how partial decoding and ambiguous context interact to achieve irregular‐word learning. Beyond modeling orthographic learning and self‐teaching, ST‐DRC’s performance suggests new avenues for empirical research on how difficult word classes such as homographs and potentiophones are learned.
Appropriate use criteria in dermatopathology: Initial recommendations from the American Society of Dermatopathology
Authors: Vidal Claudia I. , Armbrect Eric A. , Andea Aleodor A. , Bohlke Angela K. , Comfere Nneka I. , Hughes Sarah R. , Kim Jinah , Kozel Jessica A. , Lee Jason B. , Linos Konstantinos , Litzner Brandon R. , Missall Tricia A. , Novoa Roberto A. , Sundram Uma , Swick Brian L. , Hurley Maria Yadira , Alam Murad , Argenyi Zsolt , Duncan Lyn M. , Elston Dirk M. , Emanuel Patrick O. , Ferringer Tammie , Fung Maxwell A. , Hosler Gregory A. , Lazar Alexander J. , Lowe Lori , Plaza Jose A. , Prieto Victor G. , Robinson June K. , Schaffer Andras , Subtil Antonio , Wang Wei‐Lien 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundAppropriate use criteria (AUC) provide physicians guidance in test selection, and can affect health care delivery, reimbursement policy and physician decision‐making.ObjectivesThe American Society of Dermatopathology, with input from the American Academy of Dermatology and the College of American Pathologists, sought to develop AUC in dermatopathology.MethodsThe RAND/UCLA appropriateness methodology, which combines evidence‐based medicine, clinical experience and expert judgment, was used to develop AUC in dermatopathology.ResultsWith the number of ratings predetermined at 3, AUC were developed for 211 clinical scenarios involving 12 ancillary studies. Consensus was reached for 188 (89%) clinical scenarios, with 93 (44%) considered “usually appropriate,” 52 (25%) “rarely appropriate” and 43 (20%) “uncertain appropriateness.”LimitationsThe methodology requires a focus on appropriateness without comparison between tests and irrespective of cost.ConclusionsThe ultimate decision of when to order specific test rests with the physician and is one where the expected benefit exceeds the negative consequences. This publication outlines the recommendations of appropriateness—AUC for 12 tests used in dermatopathology. Importantly, these recommendations may change considering new evidence. Results deemed “uncertain appropriateness” and where consensus was not reached may benefit from further research.
Modernization and rural imagery at the Paris Salon: an interdisciplinary approach to the economic history of art
Authors: Greenwald Diana Seave 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis article proposes a novel interdisciplinary approach to the economic history of art. Engaging with research questions defined by the existing art‐historical literature, it draws on econometric approaches to understand better and measure how social and economic change affected artistic output—particularly output of rural imagery—in nineteenth‐century France. To facilitate this quantitative approach, the article introduces a novel data source that provides information about more than 140,000 works of art displayed in Paris during the nineteenth century. Analysis of this dataset demonstrates that artists’ ability to have regular access to the countryside, largely because of artists’ colonies and inexpensive train travel from Paris, had the greatest demonstrable effect on the output of landscape and rural genre painting in France during the nineteenth century.