bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Ruhrverband sewage sludge disposal concept in the conflict between European and German standards and regulations
Authors: Evers P. , Schmitt F. , Albrecht D.R. , Jardin N. 
Published: May 2018

The Ruhrverband, acting as a water association responsible for integrated water resources management within the entire natural river basin of the Ruhr, operates a network of 83 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and connected sludge disposal facilities.
According to German regulations, the disposal of sewage sludge containing more than 5% of organic dry solids will be prohibited as of 1 June 2005. In Germany, the only future alternative to incineration will be the agricultural utilization of sludge. However, this way of sludge disposal is presently the subject of critical discussions in Germany because of the organic and inorganic toxic substances, which may be contained in sewage sludge, despite the fact that very stringent standards are to be met by agricultural uses. On the other hand, application of sewage sludge to agricultural land is explicitly supported by the European Sewage Sludge Directive 86/278/EEC.
In the face of this controversial situation the Ruhrverband has initiated, in 2000, the development of a comprehensive and sustainable sludge and waste disposal concept for all wastewater facilities it operates in the entire Ruhr River Basin. The concept includes de-central sludge digestion and dewatering and subsequent transport to two central sludge incineration plants. It is expected that in future not more than 5% of all sludges produced in Ruhrverband's WWTPs will be used in agriculture. That means, the major part of 95% will have to be incinerated.
Effect of β-D-Mannuronic Acid (M2000) on Oxidative Stress Enzymes’ Gene Using Healthy Donor Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells for Evaluating the Anti-Aging Property
Authors: Taeb Mahsa , Jafarzadeh Abdollah , Mortazavi-Jahromi Seyed Shahabeddin , Zainodini Nahid , Mirzaei Mohammad Reza , Jafarnezhad-Ansariha Fahimeh , Aghazadeh Zahra , Mirshafiey Abbas 
Published: May 2018

Objective:This research aimed to study the anti-aging and anti-inflammatory effects of low and high doses of the β-D-mannuronic (M2000) on gene expression of enzymes involved in oxidative stress (including SOD2, GST, GPX1, CAT, iNOS, and MPO) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of healthy donors under in vitro conditions.Methods:The PBMCs were separated and the RNAs were then extracted and the cDNAs synthesized, and expression levels of the mentioned genes were detected by qRT-PCR.Results:Our results indicated that the high dose of this drug could significantly reduce the expression level of the SOD2 gene compared to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group (p < 0.0001). Moreover, it was found that the high dose of this drug could significantly decrease the expression level of the GST gene compared to the LPS group (p < 0.0001). However, no significant reductions were observed in expression levels of the CAT and GPX1 genes compared to the LPS group. Furthermore, our data revealed that the level of iNOS and MPO gene expression was significantly reduced, in both doses of M2000, respectively, compared to the LPS group (p < 0.0001).Conclusion:This research showed that M2000 as a novel NSAID with immunosuppressive properties could modify oxidative stress through lowering expression levels of the SOD2, GST, iNOS, and MPO genes compared to the healthy expression levels, with a probable reduction of the risk of developing inflammatory diseases related to age and aging.
Anti-glioma Effects of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester and Dasatinib Combination Therapy in an in vivo Rat Glioma Model
Authors: Balkhi Henah Mehraj , Haq Ehtishamul , Gul Taseen , Sana Syed 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester and Dasatinib in combination, when used incongruous
proportions and durations, present an antitumor potential for glioma in vitro, suggesting a high therapeutic potential
for glioma treatment.

Objective:
In the present study, we addressed the question whether CAPE and Dasatinib target multiple pathways
involved in tumor growth, proliferation and development on an in vivo rat model of glioma.

Method:
Expression analysis of proteins thought to be mediating proliferation, cell motility, angiogenesis, and
invasion was carried out to delineate the antineoplastic action of CAPE and Dasatinib.

Results:
CAPE and Dasatinib modulate the expression of proteins having potential interactive crosstalk with
major oncogenic pathways involved in glioma progression. Our results showed that combination treatment
modulates the expression of p53 in group co-administered with CAPE and Dasatinib after glioma induction in
comparison to the group induced with glioma only. EGFR and PCNA expression were significantly altered in
the co-treated group in comparison with the glioma-induced group. The effects of CAPE and Dasatinib treatment
were further evaluated on the AKT pathway by Western blot analysis. The co-treated group showed a
significant reduction in the expression of AKT. The histopathological analysis further backed the antiproliferative
and anti invasive effects of CAPE and Dasatinib.

Conclusion:
This study in totality suggests that the combinational therapy remarkably reduces the proliferation
of glioma cells in vivo, suggesting that CAPE and Dasatinib therapy could be exploited for the management of
gliomas without showing drug-related resistances and side effects, suggesting a high therapeutic potential of the
therapy in glioma.
Drugs for the Treatment of Mitochondrial Diseases
Authors: Gomez-Casati Diego F. , Busi Maria V. 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Mitochondrial diseases are a complex group of pathologies caused by
mutations in genes coded in the nuclear and/or the mitochondrial DNA, which fulfill their function
in the organelle. The diagnosis is also complex, since it depends on the integration of biochemical,
histological and imaging data.

Objective:
In this paper we review the use of some of these substances and their efficacy in the
treatment of these disorders.
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Conclusions: Currently, there is not a fully effective treatment, however, it was demonstrated that
the use of some vitamins, amino acids, antioxidants along with a proper diet and exercise have an
important effect that leads to improve the overall state of patients with mitochondrial disorders.
Implementing Internet-Based Self-Care Programs in Primary Care: Qualitative Analysis of Determinants of Practice for Patients and Providers
Authors: Hermes Eric , Burrone Laura , Perez Elliottnell , Martino Steve , Rowe Michael 
Published: May 2018

Background
Access to evidence-based interventions for common mental health conditions is limited due to geographic distance, scheduling, stigma, and provider availability. Internet-based self-care programs may mitigate these barriers. However, little is known about internet-based self-care program implementation in US health care systems.

Objective
The objective of this study was to identify determinants of practice for internet-based self-care program use in primary care by eliciting provider and administrator perspectives on internet-based self-care program implementation.

Methods
The objective was explored through qualitative analysis of semistructured interviews with primary care providers and administrators from the Veterans Health Administration. Participants were identified using a reputation-based snowball design. Interviews focused on identifying determinants of practice for the use of internet-based self-care programs at the point of care in Veterans Health Administration primary care. Qualitative analysis of transcripts was performed using thematic coding.

Results
A total of 20 physicians, psychologists, social workers, and nurses participated in interviews. Among this group, internet-based self-care program use was relatively low, but support for the platform was assessed as relatively high. Themes were organized into determinants active at patient and provider levels. Perceived patient-level determinants included literacy, age, internet access, patient expectations, internet-based self-care program fit with patient experiences, interest and motivation, and face-to-face human contact. Perceived provider-level determinants included familiarity with internet-based self-care programs, changes to traditional care delivery, face-to-face human contact, competing demands, and age.

Conclusions
This exploration of perspectives on internet-based self-care program implementation among Veterans Health Administration providers and administrators revealed key determinants of practice, which can be used to develop comprehensive strategies for the implementation of internet-based self-care programs in primary care settings.
White Sangomas: the manifestation of Bantu forms of shamanic calling among whites in South Africa
Authors: Kleinhempel Ullrich Relebogilwe 
Published: May 2018

South Africa is one of some few countries where sizeable communities of black and white people live together which have preserved their distinct cultures. Other than in the Americas, South Africa has a black majority with the Bantu African languages and cultural institutions largely preserved – and it has the most marked history of segregation. Thus few elements of Bantu cultures have been adopted by white South Africans. Yet in recent years a core element of Bantu culture, the shamanism and mediumism of the “Sangomas”, has begun to manifest itself among whites in South Africa – in the characteristic forms of such “calling”. Interestingly this has not happened by “cultural learning” in significant cases. This requires a different model of explanation. In this essay Rupert Sheldrake’s theory of “morphogenetic fields” will be applied to this phenomenon and its implications considered.
Monilukutaidosta monitieteisesti
Authors: Satokangas Henri 
Published: May 2018

Arvioitu teos:
Marjo Räsänen: Visuaalisen kulttuurin monilukukirja. Helsinki: Aalto-yliopiston taiteiden ja suunnittelun korkeakoulu 2015. 415 s. isbn 978-952-60-6128-3.
Katsaus pohjoismaisiin sosio-onomastisiin tutkimusaiheisiin
Authors: Sjöblom Paula 
Published: May 2018

Arvioitu teos:
Terhi Ainiala & Jan-Ola Östman (toim.): Socio-onomastics. The pragmatics of names. Pragmatics & Beyond New Series 275. Amsterdam: John Benjamins 2017. 231 s. isbn 978-90-272-5680-5.
Effects of storage conditions and duration on cobalamin concentration in serum samples from cats and dogs
Authors: Kempf Jennifer , Melliger Roger H. , Reusch Claudia E. , Kook Peter H. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of storage conditions and duration on cobalamin concentration in serum samples from dogs and cats.
DESIGN Experiment.
SAMPLE Serum samples from 9 client-owned cats and 9 client-owned dogs.
PROCEDURES Serum harvested from freshly obtained blood samples was separated into 11 aliquots/animal. One aliquot (baseline sample) was routinely transported in light-protected tubes to the laboratory for cobalamin assay; each of the remaining aliquots was stored in a refrigerator (6°C; n = 5) or at room temperature (20°C) with exposure to daylight (5) for 24, 48, 72, 96, or 120 hours. Aliquots were subsequently wrapped in aluminum foil, frozen (−20°C), and then transported to the laboratory for measurement of cobalamin concentration, all in the same run. Percentage decrease in cobalamin concentration from baseline was analyzed by means of linear mixed modeling.
RESULTS No differences in cobalamin values were identified between cats and dogs; therefore, data for both species were analyzed together. Median baseline serum cobalamin concentration was 424 ng/L (range, 178 to 1,880 ng/L). Values for serum samples stored with daylight exposure at room temperature were significantly lower over time than were values for refrigerated samples. Although values for refrigerated samples did not decrease significantly from baseline values over time, values for the other storage condition did; however, the mean percentage decrease for serum samples stored at room temperature was small (0.14%/h; 95% confidence interval, 0.07% to 0.21%/h).
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Overall, serum cobalamin concentration appeared stable for 5 days when feline and canine serum samples were refrigerated at 6°C. The effect of light and room temperature on serum cobalamin concentration, although significant, was quite small for samples stored with these exposures for the same 5-day period.
Methodology for the Improvement of Large District Heating Networks
Authors: Volkova Anna , Mashatin Vladislav , Hlebnikov Aleksander , Siirde Andres 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to offer a methodology for the evaluation of large district heating networks. The methodology includes an analysis of heat generation and distribution based on the models created in the TERMIS and EnergyPro software Data from the large-scale Tallinn district heating system was used for the approbation of the proposed methodology as a basis of the case study. The effective operation of the district heating system, both at the stage of heat generation and heat distribution, can reduce the cost of heat supplied to the consumers. It can become an important factor for increasing the number of district heating consumers and demand for the heat load, which in turn will allow installing new cogeneration plants, using renewable energy sources and heat pump technologies
Implementasi Sistem Informasi Penggajian Untuk Membantu Manajemen Keuangan Dalam Pengolahan Usaha
Authors: Susanti Mira , Hidayatullah Rasman 
Published: May 2018

Era globalisasi juga berpengaruh pada lingkungan bisnis dalam pengolahan data berupa transaksi seperti penggajian. Jika proses perhitungan penggajian lambat dan rentan terhadap kesalahan dapat menimbulkan ketidakpuasan antara karyawan dengan manajemen serta penggunaan sistem yang masih konvensional juga menyebabkan keamanan data tidak terjamin maka diperlukan sistem yang mendukung kebutuhan manajemen berupa sistem informasi penggajian untuk meminimalkan kesalahan yang dapat digunakan dalam pengambilan keputusan dan berpengaruh terhadap kelancaran usaha. Metode yang digunakan adalah System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) yang menjadi pedoman dalam merancang dan mengembangkan sistem informasi. Sistem informasi penggajian yang sudah diimplementasikan mampu menghasilkan laporan penggajian yang akurat berupa bukti pinjaman, rekap gaji karyawan sehingga memudahkan dalam mengontrol usaha yang berkaitan dengan keuntungan untuk menciptakan manajemen keuangan yang bagus.
A importância da preparação do policial quanto ao uso da força letal
Authors: Campos Alexandre Flecha 
Published: May 2018

Optou – se por essa temática por entender que se deve investir cada vez mais no treinamento policial, tornando oprofissional melhor preparado, atualizado e qualificado para exercer suas atividades em conformidade com a lei eespecialmente com os direitos Humanos, no respeito e na preservação da vida, e à altura da expectativa almejada pela sociedade brasileira.
Utilização de instrumentos legais para induzir melhorias na gestão dos resíduos sólidos urbanos
Authors: Naime Roberto , Rocha Cláudio 
Published: May 2018

O estudo da temática dos resíduos sólidos urbanos é um ponto crítico da questão ambiental e da administração municipal. A gestão adequada dos resíduos sólidos urbanos é dever de todos, mas sobretudo é uma tarefa que necessita ser planejada, dirigida e fiscalizada pelos governos, em especial, o municipal, por restar implícita nesta atividade a caracterização de “serviço de interesse local.” . Ao longo dos anos, no Brasil, os assuntos que envolvem o tema ficaram adormecidos, mas é no limiar da década de 80 que ele desperta e passa a ser enfrentado, porém, com resultados práticos e, sobretudo, ambientais, ainda incipientes. O sistema de divisão de competências oferecido á Nação, por força constitucional, permitiu que instâncias superiores - muito embora doutrinariamente não exista uma subordinação rígida - deixassem aos municípios a tarefa de operacionalizarem as ações necessárias á gestão dos resíduos sólidos urbanos domiciliares. Os municípios, por sua vez, ficaram aguardando soluções que - pensavam- deveriam vir desta estrutura de Estado. Este trabalho se propõe a discutir a questão dos resíduos sólidos sob o prisma jurídico, permeado com a visão focada em quatro municípios (Igrejinha, Parobé, Taquara e Três Coroas). Através de uma pesquisa do tipo "survey" com os representantes políticos constituídos da comunidade, se buscou identificar a realidade local e a percepção das autoridades municipais sob a problemática dos resíduos sólidos urbanos, apontando para alguns caminhos de solução do problema.
Exposure of spring‐staging pink‐footed geese Anser brachyrhynchus to pesticide‐treated seed
Authors: Madsen Jesper 
Published: May 2018

The Svalbard population of pink‐footed geese Anser brachyrhynchus is concentrated in western Jutland, Denmark, from early March to early May. During spring, the geese shift feeding habitat from grasslands and stubble fields to new‐sown fields. To avoid crop damage, grain bait is provided at five sites. The aim of this study was to quantify the exposure of geese to, and the ingestion rates of, pesticide‐treated seeds, and to evaluate the potential effects at the individual and the population level. During spring 1994, approximately 7% and 1 % of the total number of goose‐days were spent on new‐sown cereal fields and new‐sown pea fields, respectively. After the commencement of sowing, about 25% of all goose‐days were spent in new‐sown fields. Late‐departing individually marked geese made more frequent use of new‐sown fields than early‐departing individuals (P < 0.001). Geese foraged intensively in new‐sown fields early in the morning and sometimes late in the evening. Due to high feeding profitability of the new‐sown grain compared to grass, the geese obtained half or more of their daily energy intake by feeding on new‐sown cereal fields, even where bait grain was provided. Spring‐sown barley is treated with the fungicide Imazalil and peas are usually treated with Thiram. The daily Imazalil ingestion rate by an ‘average’ goose was estimated at 9–15 mg active ingredient (a.i.), or 3–‐5 mg a.i./kg body mass, which is two orders of magnitude below reported LD50 values for various species of test birds. Imazalil may have sub‐lethal effects, especially on geese using the new‐sown cereal fields for consecutive days, but the low toxicity and high mobility of the compound suggest that effects are minor and short‐lived. The daily Thiram ingestion rate by the geese was not quantified, but it is calculated that a goose would have to eat about 100 g of peas to reach a level of Thiram ingestion (200 mg/kg diet), which could have sub‐lethal effects on reproductive parameters. A goose foraging on new‐sown peas can accomplish this within less than one hour. Special management precautions should be taken to deter geese from exploiting new‐sown pea fields.
Size of winter home range of roe deer Capreolus capreolus in two forest areas with artificial feeding in Sweden
Authors: Guillet Christel , Bergström Roger , Cederlund Göran 
Published: May 2018

The size of the winter home range of female roe deer Capreolus capreolus was studied in Sweden in a boreal area, Grimsö, and in a boreo‐nemoral area, Bogesund. The home range size of each roe deer was based on 48–72 radio‐locations collected from late January to early March. The average size of the winter home range was similar in the two areas, i.e. about 60 ha. No significant differences were found between home range sizes based on minimum convex polygon and harmonic mean 95%. The mean size of core areas (harmonic mean 50%) differed significantly between study areas. Snow depth was identified as an important factor influencing the size of home ranges. In the boreal forest, snow cover lowered the availability of the main food for the roe deer, i.e. dwarf‐shrubs, resulting in roe deer concentrating around artificial feeding sites.
The Greenland white‐fronted goose Anser albifrons flavirostris in Ireland and Britain 1982/83–1994/95: Population change under conservation legislation
Authors: Fox Anthony D. , Norriss David W. , Stroud David A. , Wilson H. John , Merne Oscar J. 
Published: May 2018

After protection from hunting on the wintering range in 1982/83, complete surveys of Greenland white‐fronted geese at all known Irish and British wintering resorts have been carried out annually. These showed that this population increased by 5.0% per annum from 16,541 in spring 1983 to 30,459 in spring 1995, characterised by a 6.6% annual increase during 1982/83–1991/92, followed by a less rapid increase in subsequent years. In addition, regular counts of at least eight wintering flocks also exist prior to 1982/83. Five of these (including the two most important, Islay in Scotland and Wexford in Ireland) showed no trend before protection, but significant increases after legislation. Two other flocks at protected sites showed increasing numbers prior to changes in legislation, followed by stable numbers afterwards and the eighth flock increased in number before and after protection. On Islay, a significant increase in crude adult annual survival rate (based on census data) occurred after the hunting ban. Numbers on Islay continue to show linear increase. At Wexford, there was no significant difference between crude adult survival before and after the hunting ban where, after a short period of increase, numbers stabilised at 8,000–10,000 after 1990. There were no significant differences in the proportions of young birds before and after protection in these two flocks. Despite overall population increase, seven flocks have become extinct during 1982–1995 and a further five are close to extinction. Eighteen flocks have declined since protection, 35 showed no significant trends and 20 showed increases. Multivariate analysis suggests size, number and quality of feeding areas, levels of disturbance, flock size and latitude influence flock status ‐ smallest most southerly flocks on fewest, poor quality limited feeding ranges showing most serious declines. The consequences of increasing concentration of the population at a few wintering areas need urgent attention and mechanisms should be sought to maintain current range, particularly on traditional semi‐natural or low intensity agricultural land.