bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Normal and abnormal QT interval duration and its changes in preadolescents and adolescents practicing sport
Authors: D’Ascenzi Flavio , Anselmi Francesca , Graziano Francesca , Berti Beatrice , Franchini Andrea , Bacci Elodi , Ceccon Chiara , Capitani Massimo , Bonifazi Marco , Mondillo Sergio 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Aims
Twelve-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) is an established tool in the evaluation of athletes, providing information about life-threatening cardiovascular diseases, such as long QT syndrome. However, the interpretation of ECG is sometimes challenging in children, particularly for the repolarization phase. The aim of this prospective, longitudinal study was to determinate the distribution of QT interval in children practicing sport and to evaluate changes in QT duration overtime.

Methods and results
A population of 1473 preadolescents practising sport (12.0 ± 1.8 years, 7–15 years) was analysed. Each athlete was evaluated at baseline, mid-term, and end of the study (mean follow-up: 3 ± 1 years). QT interval was corrected with Bazett (B) and Fridericia (F) formulae. At baseline QT interval corrected with the Bazett formula (QTcB) was 412 ± 25 ms and QT interval corrected with the Fridericia formula (QTcF) 387 ± 21 ms, with no changes during follow-up. Ten children (0.68%) had an abnormal QTc. In those with QTcB and QTcF ≥480 ms, QTc duration persisted abnormal during the follow-up and they were disqualified. Conversely, children with 460 ms < (QTcB) <480 ms had a normal QTc interval at the end of the study. These children had also a normal QTcF. Mean difference in the calculation of QT between the two formulae was 25 ± 11 ms (P < 0.0001). For resting heart rate (HR) ≥82 b.p.m., QTcF was independent from HR contrary to QTcB.

Conclusion
Normal QTc interval does not change over time in preadolescents. A minority of them has a QTc ≥480 ms; in these subjects, QTc interval remains prolonged. The use of Bazett and Fridericia correction formulae is not interchangeable and the Fridericia correction should be preferred in preadolescents with a resting HR ≥82 b.p.m.
Financial Strain, Employment, and Role Captivity and Overload Over Time Among Dementia Family Caregivers
Authors: Liu Yin , Dokos Malinda , Fauth Elizabeth B , Lee Yoon G , Zarit Steven H 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThis study examined how financial strain and changes in employment status affect subjective stressors over 12 months in 184 family caregivers of individuals with dementia.Research Design and MethodsSubjective stressors of role overload and role captivity, and employment status were measured at baseline, 6-, and 12-months. Self-reports on financial strain were measured at baseline only. Caregivers were categorized into 3 groups based on changes in their employment status during the study over 12 months: (a) who were never employed, (b) who experienced some sort of employment status change, either going from employment to unemployment or vice versa, and (c) who were always employed. Growth curve analyses were conducted to examine within-person changes in role overload and role captivity, and associations with employment and financial strain.ResultsCaregivers with greater financial strain at baseline had higher levels of role overload and increasing role captivity over time. Caregivers who experienced a caregiving transition and had low financial strain at baseline showed greater decrease in role captivity over 12 months. Although caregivers who were consistently unemployed reported lower levels of role overload, they also showed steeper increase over time than those who were consistently employed.Discussion and ImplicationsCaregivers’ perceptions of financial strain add to the long-term stress of the caregiving role. Changes in caregivers’ employment status may have complex associations with their feelings of stress over time.
Experience maketh the mind? Top management teams’ experiential background and cognitive search for adaptive solutions
Authors: Sidhu Jatinder S , Heyden Mariano L M , Volberda Henk W , Van Den Bosch Frans A J 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe adaptive strategies of firms depend on executives’ forward-looking cognitive search. We examine how cognitive search is affected by the formative experiences of the executives making up a firm’s top management team (TMT). Drawing on research on adaptive search, cognition, and the upper echelons, we examine the extent to which educational level, diversity of functional expertise, and the length of industry tenure of TMT members will be associated with whether cognitive search centers more on proximal or on distal solutions. Analysis of 10 years of panel-data from US companies shows that whereas a TMT’s educational level does not seem to affect cognitive search, diversity of functional expertise does so, as predicted, and industry tenure does so in a manner we had not fully anticipated. Additional analysis also shows that whether cognitive search is proximal or distal is associated with whether firms enter into related or unrelated new product-markets. The article discusses the implications of these findings.
Evolutionary and demographic impacts of sex change rules and size-selective exploitation on sequential hermaphrodites
Authors: Matthias Bryan G , St. Mary Colette M , Ahrens Robert N M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Relatively few studies have addressed fishery-induced-evolution of sequential hermaphrodites although declines in the mean size-at-maturation and/or sex change have been documented for several species. We sought to explore the evolutionary impacts of size-selective exploitation on maturation and sex change of a protogynous hermaphrodite using an individual-based model accounting for growth, survival, maturation, sex change, and reproduction. Because sex change rules are unknown for many exploited species, critical size-at-sex change (static and genetic control) and social control of sex change were evaluated to determine how life-history-traits (maturation, sex change) and population reference points change due in part to evolution. When simulating critical size-at-sex change, mean length-at-maturation increased, contrary to typical predictions for dioecious species, and mean length-at-sex change decreased (when under genetic control) from exploitation. These changes occurred slowly and resulted in lower male: female sex ratios, sperm limitation, and extirpation at high exploitation rates. Under social control of sex change, both the mean lengths-at-maturation and sex change decreased relatively rapidly from exploitation. These populations maintained high male: female sex ratios, avoided sperm limitation, and withstood higher exploitation rates than critical size-at-sex change populations. Results from these models highlight the need for a better understanding of sex change rules for exploited hermaphrodites.
Fluorescence in situ hybridization for identification and visualization of microorganisms in infected heart valve tissue as addition to standard diagnostic tests improves diagnosis of endocarditis
Authors: Eichinger Simone , Kikhney Judith , Moter Annette , Wießner Alexandra , Eichinger Walter B 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
In infective endocarditis (IE), identification of the causative organism and consecutive treatment are crucial for patient survival. Although the macroscopic aspect resembles infected tissue, standard diagnostic tests often fail to allow one to identify bacteria. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a molecular, culture-independent technique that allows one to identify and visualize microorganisms within tissue and to recognize their morphology, number and activity. We analysed the diagnostic benefit of FISH/polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by comparing its results to those of standard diagnostic tests.

METHODS
From September 2015 to April 2018, 128 patients underwent first-time or redo valve surgery to treat IE. Patients were designated according to the modified Duke criteria as definite (n = 61), possible (n = 34) or rejected (n = 33) IE. Tissue specimens obtained intraoperatively were analysed using FISH/PCR in addition to undergoing standard diagnostic testing and PCR alone.

RESULTS
We used blood cultures to detect microorganisms in 67/128 patients; valve cultures, in 34/128; PCR, in 67/128; histopathological diagnosis showed IE in 72/128 cases. We were able to detect microorganisms in 103/128 cases using FISH/PCR, with 55/61 in definite IE. Furthermore, we were able to identify 26 cases of bacterial biofilm using FISH/PCR, despite antibiotic treatment of 61 in the definite, 13 in the possible and 1 in the rejected group, including 8/33 patients in the rejected group with active bacteria. In all cases, the patient’s therapy was altered.

CONCLUSIONS
FISH/PCR was used to identify microorganisms in cases in which standard diagnostic tests failed to provide sufficient results for various reasons. Furthermore, FISH/PCR enabled us to identify bacterial biofilms and to differentiate between active versus degraded bacteria, thus indicating the impact of treatment. Therefore, we suggest FISH/PCR as an additional diagnostic tool in IE alongside standard diagnostic tests.
A Bilinear Rubio de Francia Inequality for Arbitrary Rectangles
Authors: Bernicot Frédéric , Vitturi Marco 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLet $\mathscr{R}$ be a collection of disjoint dyadic rectangles $R$, let $\pi _R$ denote the non-smooth bilinear projection onto $R$and let $r&gt;2$. We show that the bilinear Rubio de Francia operator associated with $\mathscr{R}$ given by $$\begin{equation*} f,g \mapsto \left(\sum_{R\in\mathscr{R}} |\pi_{R} (f,g)|^r \right)^{1/r} \end{equation*}$$ is $L^p \times L^q \rightarrow L^s$ bounded whenever $1/p + 1/q = 1/s$, $r^{\prime}&lt;p,q&lt;r$. This extends from squares to rectangles a previous result by the same authors in [7], and as a corollary extends in the same way a previous result from [2] for smooth projections, albeit in a reduced range.
Zika Virus Nonstructural Protein 1 Disrupts Glycosaminoglycans and Causes Permeability in Developing Human Placentas
Authors: Puerta-Guardo Henry , Tabata Takako , Petitt Matthew , Dimitrova Milena , Glasner Dustin R , Pereira Lenore , Harris Eva 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
During pregnancy, the Zika flavivirus (ZIKV) infects human placentas, inducing defects in the developing fetus. The flavivirus nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) alters glycosaminoglycans on the endothelium, causing hyperpermeability in vitro and vascular leakage in vivo in a tissue-dependent manner. The contribution of ZIKV NS1 to placental dysfunction during ZIKV infection remains unknown.

Methods
We examined the effect of ZIKV NS1 on expression and release of heparan sulfate (HS), hyaluronic acid (HA), and sialic acid on human trophoblast cell lines and anchoring villous explants from first-trimester placentas infected with ZIKV ex vivo. We measured changes in permeability in trophoblasts and stromal cores using a dextran-based fluorescence assay and changes in HA receptor expression using immunofluorescent microscopy.

Results
ZIKV NS1 in the presence and absence of ZIKV increased the permeability of anchoring villous explants. ZIKV NS1 induced shedding of HA and HS and altered expression of CD44 and lymphatic endothelial cell HA receptor-1, HA receptors on stromal fibroblasts and Hofbauer macrophages in villous cores. Hyaluronidase was also stimulated in NS1-treated trophoblasts.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that ZIKV NS1 contributes to placental dysfunction via modulation of glycosaminoglycans on trophoblasts and chorionic villi, resulting in increased permeability of human placentas.
Dual therapy combining raltegravir with etravirine maintains a high level of viral suppression over 96 weeks in long-term experienced HIV-infected individuals over 45 years on a PI-based regimen: results from the Phase II ANRS 163 ETRAL study
Authors: Katlama Christine , Assoumou Lambert , Valantin Marc-Antoine , Soulié Cathia , Martinez Esteban , Béniguel Lydie , Bouchaud Olivier , Raffi François , Molina Jean-Michel , Fellahi Soraya , Peytavin Gilles , Marcelin Anne-Geneviève , Kolta Sami , Capeau Jacqueline , Gibowski Severine , Cardon Fanny , Reynes Jacques , Costagliola Dominique ,   the members of the ANRS 163 ETRAL study, Bernard Louis , Bottero Julie , Bouchaud Olivier , Chidiac Christian , Duvivier Claudine , Goujard Cécile , delMarGutiérrez Maria , Martinez Esteban , Molina Jean-Michel , Morlat Philippe , Naqvi Alissa , Podzamczer Daniel , Poizot-Martin Isabelle , Raffi François , Reynes Jacques , Salmon-Céron Dominique , Simon Anne , Valantin Marc-Antoine , Weiss Laurence , Yazdanpanah Yazdan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundDual therapy combining integrase inhibitors and NNRTIs represents a promising regimen in ageing HIV-infected individuals with long exposure to nucleoside analogues and PIs.MethodsThe ANRS 163 ETRAL trial (NCT02212379) was a 96 week, multicentre, single-arm study evaluating the efficacy and safety of raltegravir (400 mg twice daily)/etravirine (200 mg twice daily) in individuals >45 years, on a PI-containing regimen who were integrase inhibitor and etravirine naive. The primary endpoint was the proportion of participants with virological success, defined by the absence of virological failure up to week 48. Main secondary outcomes included evolution of metabolic parameters, CD4/CD8 count, bone mineral density and inflammatory markers. The study was designed to show an efficacy >90%, assuming a success rate ≥95%, with a power of 80% and a 5% type-1 error.ResultsOne hundred and sixty-five participants (median age 52 years, duration of ART 16.9 years, viral suppression 6.9 years and CD4 count 700 cells/mm3) were enrolled. By ITT analysis, viral suppression was maintained in 99.4% of participants (95% CI = 95.6%–99.9%) at week 48 and 98.7% (95% CI = 95.0%–99.7%) at week 96. Two virological failures occurred (week 24 and week 64) without emergence of integrase inhibitor resistance. Eight participants discontinued raltegravir/etravirine for adverse events, leading to a strategy success rate of 95.1% (95% CI = 90.5%–97.5%) at week 48 and 92.7% (95% CI = 87.5%–95.8%) at week 96. Over 96 weeks, lipid fractions improved (P < 0.001), CD4/CD8 ratio increased, IFNγ-induced protein 10 (IP-10) decreased (−8.1%), soluble CD14 decreased (−27%, P < 0.001) bone mineral density improved and BMI increased.ConclusionsRaltegravir plus etravirine dual therapy demonstrated durable efficacy in virologically suppressed ageing patients.
Maternal Contribution of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus to Asian Citrus Psyllid (Hemiptera: Liviidae) Nymphs Through Oviposition Site Inoculation and Transovarial Transmission
Authors: Kelley Alicia J , Pelz-Stelinski Kirsten S 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae), transmits Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las), the bacterial pathogen putatively responsible for citrus huanglongbing. Multiple studies have shown psyllids acquire Las more frequently, and are more likely to inoculate susceptible plants, when they acquire Las as nymphs. Understanding the transmission of Las to nymphs is critical to the Las lifecycle. The objective of this study was to determine the transmission Las by female D. citri to their offspring. Two transmission pathways were quantified: horizontal transmission (acquisition of Las via feeding at the oviposition site) and vertical transmission (transovarial). Eggs of individual, infected females were transferred to an uninfected seedling to assess vertical transmission. In a second experiment, horizontal transmission was evaluated by replacing eggs laid by infected females with uninfected nymphs. Nymphs exposed to Las via horizontal transmission of the oviposition site were more likely to acquire Las than from vertical transmission. Las deposited in flush by an infected adult female feeding during oviposition was sufficient for infecting nymphs. Combined results of both experiments suggest that vertical transmission allows Las to spread in low amounts even when infected plant hosts are not available and that inoculation of the oviposition site provides a source of Las to developing nymphs via the plant phloem. These data support the hypothesis that transmission through infected plant material via maternal inoculation is a primary pathway of Las transmission between vector and host.
Development and Fitness of the Parasitoid, Encarsia formosa (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), on the B and Q of the Sweetpotato Whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
Authors: He Yanyan , Liu Yicong , Wang Ke , Zhang Youjun , Wu Qingjun , Wang Shaoli 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Encarsia formosa Gahan is an important endoparasitoid of the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius. In the present study, we compared the fitness and population parameters of E. formosa when parasitizing the two most invasive and destructive whitefly species in China, the B and Q of B. tabaci. We also studied whether natal host influenced on parasitism and host-feeding capacities of E. formosa on B. tabaci B versus Q. Age–stage life table analysis indicated that E. formosa developmental duration was shorter, fecundity was higher, and longevity was greater on B. tabaci B than on Q. The life table parameters, including the intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), net reproduction rate (R0), and the mean generation time (T), indicated that the fitness of E. formosa on B. tabaci B is higher than B. tabaci Q. We also found that the host species used to rear E. formosa affected the parasitoid’s subsequent parasitism and host feeding on B. tabaci B and Q. When E. formosa were reared on B. tabaci B, its subsequent parasitism rate on third-instar nymphs was significantly higher on B. tabaci B than on Q. These results will be useful for managing the biological control of B. tabaci in the field.
Efficacy of aspirin for stage III colorectal cancer: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial (JCOG1503C, EPISODE-III trial)
Authors: Miyamoto Kenichi , Takashima Atsuo , Mizusawa Junki , Sato Yuya , Shimada Yasuhiro , Katayama Hiroshi , Nakamura Kenichi , Shibata Taro , Fukuda Haruhiko , Shida Dai , Kanemitsu Yukihide , Hamaguchi Tetsuya ,   Colorectal Cancer Study Group of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Adjuvant chemotherapy is the current standard treatment for stage III colorectal cancer after curative resection. However, the prognosis of stage III colorectal cancer is still poor even after curative resection and adjuvant chemotherapy. Several observational studies suggested that the anti-tumor effect of aspirin. Therefore, we planned a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled phase III trial, which commenced in Japan in March 2018, to confirm the superiority of aspirin over placebo added to adjuvant chemotherapy in terms of disease-free survival (DFS) for stage III colorectal cancer patients after curative resection. A total of 880 patients will be accrued from 20 Japanese institutions within 3 years. The primary endpoint is DFS and the secondary endpoints are overall survival, relapse-free survival, relative dose intensity, adverse events, and serious adverse events. This trial has been registered at Japan Registry of Clinical Trials as jRCTs031180009 (https://jrct.niph.go.jp/detail/589).
Evolving R Coronae Borealis stars with mesa
Authors: Lauer Amber , Chatzopoulos Emmanouil , Clayton Geoffrey C , Frank Juhan , Marcello Dominic C 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
The R Coronae Borealis (RCB) stars are rare hydrogen-deficient, carbon-rich supergiants. They undergo extreme, irregular declines in brightness of many magnitudes due to the formation of thick clouds of carbon dust. It is thought that RCB stars result from the mergers of CO/He white dwarf (WD) binaries. We constructed post-merger spherically symmetric models computed with the mesa code, and then followed the evolution into the region of the Hertzsprung-Russell (H−R) diagram where the RCB stars are located. We also investigated nucleosynthesis in the dynamically accreting material of CO/He WD mergers which may provide a suitable environment for significant production of 18O and the very low 16O/18O values observed. We have also discovered that the N abundance depends sensitively on the peak temperature in the He-burning shell. Our mesa modelling consists of engineering the star by adding He-WD material to an initial CO-WD model, and then following the post-merger evolution using a nuclear-reaction network to match the observed RCB abundances as it expands and cools to become an RCB star. These new models are more physical because they include rotation, mixing, mass-loss, and nucleosynthesis within mesa. We follow the later evolution beyond the RCB phase to determine the stars’ likely lifetimes. The relative numbers of known RCB and extreme helium stars correspond well to the lifetimes predicted from the mesa models. In addition, most of computed abundances agree very well with the observed range of abundances for the RCB class.
Naturalness and Emergence
Authors: Wallace David 
Published: June 2019

AbstractI develop an account of naturalness (that is, approximately: lack of extreme fine-tuning) in physics which demonstrates that naturalness assumptions are not restricted to narrow cases in high-energy physics but are a ubiquitous part of how interlevel relations are derived in physics. After exploring how and to what extent we might justify such assumptions on methodological grounds or through appeal to speculative future physics, I consider the apparent failure of naturalness in cosmology and in the Standard Model. I argue that any such naturalness failure threatens to undermine the entire structure of our understanding of intertheoretic reduction, and so risks a much larger crisis in physics than is sometimes suggested; I briefly review some currently-popular strategies that might avoid that crisis.
WITER: a powerful method for estimation of cancer-driver genes using a weighted iterative regression modelling background mutation counts
Authors: Jiang Lin , Zheng Jingjing , Kwan Johnny S H , Dai Sheng , Li Cong , Li Mulin Jun , Yu Bolan , TO Ka F , Sham Pak C , Zhu Yonghong , Li Miaoxin 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Genomic identification of driver mutations and genes in cancer cells are critical for precision medicine. Due to difficulty in modelling distribution of background mutation counts, existing statistical methods are often underpowered to discriminate cancer-driver genes from passenger genes. Here we propose a novel statistical approach, weighted iterative zero-truncated negative-binomial regression (WITER, http://grass.cgs.hku.hk/limx/witer or KGGSeq,http://grass.cgs.hku.hk/limx/kggseq/), to detect cancer-driver genes showing an excess of somatic mutations. By fitting the distribution of background mutation counts properly, this approach works well even in small or moderate samples. Compared to alternative methods, it detected more significant and cancer-consensus genes in most tested cancers. Applying this approach, we estimated 229 driver genes in 26 different types of cancers. In silico validation confirmed 78% of predicted genes as likely known drivers and many other genes as very likely new drivers for corresponding cancers. The technical advances of WITER enable the detection of driver genes in TCGA datasets as small as 30 subjects and rescue of more genes missed by alternative tools in moderate or small samples.