bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuronal activity regulates DROSHA via autophagy in spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Gonçalves Inês do Carmo G. , Brecht Johanna , Thelen Maximilian P. , Rehorst Wiebke A. , Peters Miriam , Lee Hyun Ju , Motameny Susanne , Torres-Benito Laura , Ebrahimi-Fakhari Darius , Kononenko Natalia L. , Altmüller Janine , Vilchez David , Sahin Mustafa , Wirth Brunhilde , Kye Min Jeong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDysregulated miRNA expression and mutation of genes involved in miRNA biogenesis have been reported in motor neuron diseases including spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Therefore, identifying molecular mechanisms governing miRNA expression is important to understand these diseases. Here, we report that expression of DROSHA, which is a critical enzyme in the microprocessor complex and essential for miRNA biogenesis, is reduced in motor neurons from an SMA mouse model. We show that DROSHA is degraded by neuronal activity induced autophagy machinery, which is also dysregulated in SMA. Blocking neuronal activity or the autophagy-lysosome pathway restores DROSHA levels in SMA motor neurons. Moreover, reducing DROSHA levels enhances axonal growth. As impaired axonal growth is a well described phenotype of SMA motor neurons, these data suggest that DROSHA reduction by autophagy may mitigate the phenotype of SMA. In summary, these findings suggest that autophagy regulates RNA metabolism and neuronal growth via the DROSHA/miRNA pathway and this pathway is dysregulated in SMA.
Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 attenuates the very high expression of the Arabidopsis gene NRT2.1
Authors: Bellegarde Fanny , Herbert Léo , Séré David , Caillieux Erwann , Boucherez Jossia , Fizames Cécile , Roudier François , Gojon Alain , Martin Antoine 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPRC2 is a major regulator of gene expression in eukaryotes. It catalyzes the repressive chromatin mark H3K27me3, which leads to very low expression of target genes. NRT2.1, which encodes a key root nitrate transporter in Arabidopsis, is targeted by H3K27me3, but the function of PRC2 on NRT2.1 remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that PRC2 directly targets and down-regulates NRT2.1, but in a context of very high transcription, in nutritional conditions where this gene is one of the most highly expressed genes in the transcriptome. Indeed, the mutation of CLF, which encodes a PRC2 subunit, leads to a loss of H3K27me3 at NRT2.1 and results, exclusively under permissive conditions for NRT2.1, in a further increase in NRT2.1 expression, and specifically in tissues where NRT2.1 is normally expressed. Therefore, our data indicates that PRC2 tempers the hyperactivity of NRT2.1 in a context of very strong transcription. This reveals an original function of PRC2 in the control of the expression of a highly expressed gene in Arabidopsis.
The significance of deformation mechanisms on the fracture behavior of phase reversion-induced nanostructured austenitic stainless steel
Authors: Misra R. D. K. , Injeti V. S. Y. , Somani M. C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe describe here the relationship between grain structure, deformation mechanism and fracture characteristics in an austenitic stainless steel. This was accomplished using the novel concept of phase reversion that enabled a wide range of grain size from nanograined/ultrafine grained (NG/UFG) to coarse-grained (CG) regime to be obtained in a single material through change in temperature-time annealing sequence. In the NG/UFG structure, a marked increase in abundance of stacking faults (SFs) and twin density with strain was observed that led to a decrease in the average spacing between adjacent SFs, thus converting stacking faults into twins. Twinning in NG/UFG structure involved partial dislocations and their interaction with the grain boundaries, including SF overlapping and the coordinated nucleation of partial dislocations from the grain boundaries. The plastic zone in the NG/UFG structure resembled a network knitted by the intersecting twins and SFs. With SFE ~30 mJ/m2, the minimum stress for twin nucleation was ~250 MPa for the experiment steel and the corresponding optimal grain size (dop) wa ~120 nm. In contrast, in the CG structure, strain induced martensite formation was the deformation mechanism. The difference in the deformation mechanism led to a clear distinction in the fracture behavior from striated fracture in high strength-high ductility NG/UFG alloy to microvoid coalescence in the low strength-high ductility CG counterpart. The underlying reason for the change in fracture behavior was consistent with change in deformation mechanism from nanoscale twinning in NG/UFG alloy to strain-induced martensite in the CG alloy, which is related to change in the stability of austenite with grain size. An analysis of critical shear stress required to initiate twinning partial dislocations in comparison to that required to nucleate shear bands is presented. The appearance of striated fracture in the NG/UFG alloy suggests a quasi-static step wise crack growth process.
Low‐primary current and wide hold‐up time DC–DC converter: analysis and implementation
Authors: Lin Bor‐Ren 
Published: May 2018

A soft‐switching direct current (DC) to DC converter is studied in this study to achieve benefits: (i) low‐primary current (circulating current) loss, (ii) low‐switching loss, (iii) low‐output filter inductance, and (iv) wide hold‐up time. On primary side of the studied converter, a phase‐shift pulse‐width modulation full‐bridge (FB) circuit and a half‐bridge (HB) circuit using same lagging‐leg switches of FB circuit to reduce the switching losses at light load. Resonant capacitor is adopted on primary side of FB circuit to lessen primary current at freewheeling state so as to reduce conduction losses. The output sides of HB and FB circuits are series connection to create two positive voltages instead of one positive voltage on conventional FB circuit so as to reduce primary current and output filter inductance. To extend hold‐up time and avoid using large size of input capacitor when utility power is off, the auxiliary windings are used on secondary side to achieve higher‐voltage gain. To verify the performance and effectiveness of the studied converter, the operational principle and equivalent circuits are explained and analysed in detail and a 1440 W prototype is constructed and tested for 300–400 V input and 48 V output applications.
UVIT observations of the star-forming ring in NGC 7252: Evidence of possible AGN feedback suppressing central star formation
Authors: George K. , Joseph P. , Mondal C. , Devaraj A. , Subramaniam A. , Stalin C. S. , Côté P. , Ghosh S. K. , Hutchings J. B. , Mohan R. , Postma J. , Sankarasubramanian K. , Sreekumar P. , Tandon S.N. 
Published: May 2018

Context. Some post-merger galaxies are known to undergo a starburst phase that quickly depletes the gas reservoir and turns it into a red-sequence galaxy, though the details are still unclear.
Aims. Here we explore the pattern of recent star formation in the central region of the post-merger galaxy NGC 7252 using high-resolution ultraviolet (UV) images from the UVIT on ASTROSAT.
Methods. The UVIT images with 1.2 and 1.4 arcsec resolution in the FUV and NUV are used to construct a FUV-NUV colour map of the central region.
Results. The FUV-NUV pixel colour map for this canonical post-merger galaxy reveals a blue circumnuclear ring of diameter ~10′′ (3.2 kpc) with bluer patches located over the ring. Based on a comparison to single stellar population models, we show that the ring is comprised of stellar populations with ages ≲300 Myr, with embedded star-forming clumps of younger age (≲150Myr).
Conclusions. The suppressed star formation in the central region, along with the recent finding of a large amount of ionised gas, leads us to speculate that this ring may be connected to past feedback from a central super-massive black hole that has ionised the hydrogen gas in the central ~4′′ ~1.3 kpc.
Baicalin Ameliorates Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-Like Inflammation in Mice
Authors: Hung Chien-Hui , Wang Chien-Neng , Cheng Huei-Hsuan , Liao Jiunn-Wang , Chen Yi-Ting , Chao Ya-Wen , Jiang Jia , Lee Chen-Chen 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBaicalin is the main flavonoid from the roots of an important medicinal plant, Scutellaria baicalensis, which shows a variety biological activities. Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease that affects the skin. The unmet need of psoriasis is that many patients do not respond adequately to available clinical treatment. In this study, we found that baicalin showed inhibited dermal inflammation in a murine model of psoriasis via topical application of imiquimod. After a 5-day topical imiquimod application, baicalin or the control vehicle cream was to applied to the lesions of BALB/c mice for a further 4 days. The erythema, scaling, and thickness of the epidermal layer significantly improved in the baicalin-treated mice. The levels of interleukin-17A, interleukin-22, interleukin-23, and tumor necrosis factor in the skin significantly decreased after baicalin treatment. Baicalin also inhibited imiquimod-induced interleukin-17A production in skin draining lymph node cells. The infiltration of γδ T cells into the skin lesions induced by imiquimod was also suppressed after baicalin treatment. These results suggest that baicalin inhibited skin inflammation through the inhibition of the interleukin-17/interleukin-23 axis in a murine model of psoriasis.
Comparison of Two Reagents for Thionations
Authors: Bergman Jan 
Published: May 2018

Pyridine reacts readily with P4S10 to form a reagent with the composition C10H10N2P2S5 that is useful for thionations of amides. The thionating properties of this reagent are compared with those of Lawesson’s reagent.1	Introduction2	Development of C10H10N2P2S5
3	Use of Thionation for Modification of Biologically Active Compounds3.1	Thionations of Peptides3.2	Thionated Compounds of Interest as Potential Antivirals3.3	Thionations of Thalidomide and Related Molecules4	Comparison of Lawesson’s Reagent and C10H10N2P2S5
Prognostic Assessment of Endocrine Disturbances in Posttraumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Agrawal Manish , Varshney Tarun , Sinha Virendra 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a condition with high risk for the development of hypopituitarism. Hormonal assessment is not a part of routine assessment after traumatic SAH. This study is a prospective screening study from our center focusing on the prognostic assessment of endocrine disturbances in posttraumatic SAH. A total of 150 consecutive patients with head injuries with SAH were included irrespective of their age and sex. Patients were divided into three groups: with normal hormonal status (group 1), patients with endocrine disturbances with no hormonal replacement (group 2), and patients with endocrine disturbances with replacement therapy (group 3). Hormonal assessment was done within 24 hours of admission and repeated at 7 to 15 days and at 1-month interval. Most commonly affected was pituitary-thyroid axis, and the most common hormone to increase was cortisol. In group 3, a statistically significant improvement was seen in Glasgow outcome score (GOS) as compared with the other two groups at 1 month. A statistically significant positive correlation has been found between thyroxine (T4) at 30 days and Glasgow coma scale (GCS) at discharge in group 3, a negative correlation has been found between GCS at admission and serum cortisol at days 7 to 15 in group3. A positive correlation has been found between GCS at admission and GOS at 1 month in group 3. The authors have demonstrated evidence of pituitary dysfunction following traumatic brain injury (TBI) with SAH. Patients with traumatic SAH should be screened for hypopituitarism, so that appropriate hormone replacement is given to improve the outcome of these patients.
Effect of Electroencephalogram Neurofeedback Training on Quality of Life in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: In Context of Spontaneous Recovery
Authors: Bennett Cathlyn , Sampath Somanna , Christopher Rita , Thennarasu K. , Rajeswaran Jamuna 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Introduction Quality of life (QOL) is strongly affected following traumatic brain injury (TBI). There is a strong need to explore the use of new developments in neuropsychological rehabilitation such as electroencephalogram (EEG) neurofeedback training (NFT) on QOL in TBI patients.
Objective The objective was to study the effect of EEG NFT on QOL in TBI patients in the context of spontaneous recovery.
Methodology A sample of 60 TBI patients was assigned to an NFT group (n = 30) and a treatment as usual (TAU) group (n = 30). Twenty sessions of α/θ NFT at the occipital 1 and 2 scalp locations were given to the NFT group. The NFT protocol used was dependent on (4–7 Hz) θ and (8–12 Hz) α activity with the aim of decreasing the θ/α ratio. Pre- and postassessments of QOL were recorded on the World Health Organization quality of life questionnaire (WHOQOL)–BREF.
Results This study results indicate significant enhancement of QOL in the NFT group as compared with the TAU group. The improvement scores indicate that the 12- to 18-month postinjury NFT group had significantly less improvement on QOL as compared with the < 6-month NFT group.
Conclusion EEG NFT helps improve QOL in TBI patients. Early intervention is more effective in improving QOL than later intervention.
Clinicoradiologic Predictors of Outcome of Posterior Fossa Extradural Hematoma: An Institutional Experience
Authors: Sobti Shivender , Bansal Sondev , Choudhary Ajay , Gupta Laxmi 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Introduction Posterior fossa extradural hematomas (PFEDH) comprise 4 to 7% of all intracranial extradural hematomas (EDHs).
Material and Methods A prospective study of 25 patients who presented with PFEDH was conducted in PGIMER, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia (RML) Hospital, New Delhi in department of neurosurgery from January 2011 to July 2012. The patients were analyzed in relation to age, sex, mode of injury, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) at the time of presentation, computed tomography findings of the head, and therapeutic outcome. Duration of follow-up was 6 months.
Results In the authors’ study, male-to-female ratio was 22:3. Age range was 6 months to 62 years and mean age was 23.70 years. Mode of trauma was fall from height in 12 patients, road traffic accident (RTA) in 12, and assault in 1. Most patients had acute course (80%) followed by subacute course (20%). GCS was between 8 and 15. Fracture was associated in 21 patients out of 25. Associated intracranial injury was present in 22 patients.
Conclusion In this series, PFEDH is a result of direct impact injury as 88% of patients had overlying fracture. PFEDH should be suspected in patients who have got external injury to the occiput as it is commonly associated with formation of extradural hematoma in the posterior fossa. The neurologic status and outcome were associated with GCS, volume of hematoma, and associated intracranial injury. PFEDH rarely occurs as an isolated injury.
Molecular status of Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis B virus, and Hepatitis C virus among injecting drug male commercial sex workers in Surakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Prasetyo Afiono Agung , Marwoto  , Adnan Zainal Arifin , Hartono  
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Male commercial sex workers are one of the high-risk community for blood-borne viruses. However, there are no data concerning the molecular status of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) circulated among male commercial sex workers with injecting drug habits in Surakarta, Indonesia. Blood samples obtained from injecting drug male commercial sex workers in Surakarta were examined for HIV antibodies, HBsAg, and HCV antibodies, respectively, by immunological assays. Blood samples were also subjected to viral nucleic acid extraction and molecular detection of HIV, HBV, and HCV by nested (RT) PCRs. The PCR products were purified from agarose gels, and the nucleotide sequences were retrieved and molecular analyzed. HIV, HBV, and HCV were detected in 29.4% (10/34), 17.6% (6/34), and 52.9% (18/34), respectively. HIV CRF01_AE and B were found to be circulating in the community. HBV genotype B3 was predominated, followed by C1. HCV genotype 1a was predominated, followed by 1c, 3a, 1b, and 4a. HIV, HBV, and HCV were found circulating in the male commercial sex workers with injecting drug habits in Surakarta, Indonesia.
Human T-lymphotropic Virus-1/2 detected in drug abused men who have sex with men infected with HIV in Surakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Prasetyo Afiono Agung , Sari Yulia 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Human T-lymphotropic virus types 1 and 2 (HTLV-1/2) share similar routes of transmission with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and the HTLV-1/2 co-infection may affect the clinical course of HIV infection. The HIV/HTLV-1/2 co-infection risk higher if the patient performing the high-risk activities. This study evaluated the presentation of HTLV-1 and 2 in HIV-infected men who have sex with men with drug abused history in Surakarta Indonesia. Blood samples collected from HIV-infected men who have sex with men with drug abused history in Surakarta were tested using HTLV-1/2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and confirmed by RT-PCR nested addressed the part of HTLV-1 LTR and HTLV-2 LTR region, respectively. The specificity of the molecular assays was confirmed by sequencing the amplicons. The anti HTLV-1/2 positive rate was 17.4% (8/46). All positive serological samples were confirmed by nested RT-PCR. Of these, three was HTLV-1 positive and five was HTLV-2 positive. Molecular analysis of positive PCR products revealed that all HTLV-1 isolates had a close relationship with HTLV-1 isolated in Japan while all HTLV-2 isolates with that of isolated in the USA. HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 were detected in drug abused men who have sex with men infected with HIV in Surakarta.
Structure of a free convective flow over a horizontal heated surface under conditions of conjugate heat transfer
Authors: Khrapunov E F , Potechin I V , Chumakov Y S 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The paper presents the results of an experimental and numerical study of the structure of a plume formed over a heated disk under conditions of conjugate heat transfer in a wide range of Grashof number. The data on the temperature field in the plume is compared with the visualization patterns. Numerical simulation was performed using the Ansys Fluent code, where the problem of the flow of a compressible gas in conditions of conjugate heat transfer in an unsteady formulation was solved under the assumption of laminar flow regime. As a result of a comparison of the results of physical and numerical experiments, there is a conclusion about a good qualitative concurrence of the flow structure. The heat transfer characteristics were studied experimentally and numerically: the local heat transfer coefficient, the heat flow from the heated disk, and the local and average Nusselt numbers. It is shown that the establishment of a periodic flow regime leads to a violation of the monotonicity of the distribution of the local heat transfer coefficient. In general, the data is in satisfactory agreement with the results of known works.
Structure and Function of Systemic Arteries: Reflections on the Arterial Pulse
Authors: O’Rourke Michael F , Adji Audrey , Safar Michel E 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
“Structure and Function of Arteries”—is a topic of great importance to those who deal with arterial hypertension, since it links the source of flow, the left ventricle of the heart (whose output is pulsatile) to the peripheral tissues (whose flow is near continuous). The arterial tree acts passively as a conduit and cushion, and the interaction of heart, arterial tree, and organs is conventionally gauged on the basis of blood pressure measured by cuff in a conveniently located place (the brachial artery). For any precision and perspective to be gained, measurements of brachial systolic and diastolic pressure need be supplemented by other information. When such information is gained, one can understand how beautifully the arterial tree is tuned to the beat of the heart in animals of different size and shape and in humans at age 30 through the first third of a 3 billion beat lifetime. After age 30, the beats themselves progressively destroy the human arteries and their tuning to the heart, with emergence of clinical syndromes. In this review, the subject is tackled quantitatively on the basis of published numerical, physical, physiological, and pathophysiological basis, with principal focus on the beat of the heart, the pulse of the arteries, and their interaction.
bcSeq: an R package for fast sequence mapping in high-throughput shRNA and CRISPR screens
Authors: Lin Jiaxing , Gresham Jeremy , Wang Tongrong , Kim So Young , Alvarez James , Damrauer Jeffrey S , Floyd Scott , Granek Joshua , Allen Andrew , Chan Cliburn , Xie Jichun , Owzar Kouros 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Summary
CRISPR-Cas9 and shRNA high-throughput sequencing screens have abundant applications for basic and translational research. Methods and tools for the analysis of these screens must properly account for sequencing error, resolve ambiguous mappings among similar sequences in the barcode library in a statistically principled manner, and be computationally efficient. Herein we present bcSeq, an open source R package that implements a fast and parallelized algorithm for mapping high-throughput sequencing reads to a barcode library while tolerating sequencing error. The algorithm uses a Trie data structure for speed and resolves ambiguous mappings by using a statistical sequencing error model based on Phred scores for each read.

Availability and implementation
The package source code and an accompanying tutorial are available at http://bioconductor.org/packages/bcSeq/.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.