bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response Functions in Disasters: Iran Flash Flood 2016
Authors: Dizaji Reza Abbaszadeh , Ardalan Ali , Fatemi Farin 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTObjective:Heavy rain and flash flooding left behind a trail of disaster in the western and south-western provinces of Iran in April 2016. The purpose of this study is to highlight the response functions that should be undertaken when such disasters strike.Methods:Secondary data, such as documents, organizational reports, and forms completed during response to the flood visits, were the methods of data collection in this study. Then, collected data were analyzed according to the response functions to disasters.Results:The study found that a strong disaster response function was the early warning system, by the Iran Meteorological Organization, announced 1 week before the flood. Weaker functions were the lack of coordination among response organizations and the lack of a safety officer in the Incident Command System structure during the flash flood.Conclusions:The list of the disaster response functions identified by this study should aid the decision makers and first responders in facing natural or man-made disasters and enable them to better prepare for response functions in the future disasters.
Nonlinear behaviour of convergent Richtmyer–Meshkov instability
Authors: Luo Xisheng , Li Ming , Ding Juchun , Zhai Zhigang , Si Ting 
Published: August 2019

A novel shock tube is designed to investigate the nonlinear feature of convergent Richtmyer–Meshkov instability on a single-mode interface formed by a soap film technique. The shock tube employs a concave–oblique–convex wall profile which first transforms a planar shock into a cylindrical arc, then gradually strengthens the cylindrical shock along the oblique wall, and finally converts it back into a planar one. Therefore, the new facility can realize analysis on compressibility and nonlinearity of convergent Richtmyer–Meshkov instability by eliminating the interface deceleration and reshock. Five sinusoidal$\text{air}{-}\text{SF}_{6}$interfaces with different amplitudes and wavelengths are considered. For all cases, the perturbation amplitude experiences a linear growth much longer than that in the planar geometry. A compressible linear model is derived by considering a constant uniform fluid compression, which shows a slight difference to the incompressible theory. However, both the linear models overestimate the perturbation growth from a very early stage due to the presence of strong nonlinearity. The nonlinear model of Wanget al.(Phys. Plasmas, vol. 22, 2015, 082702) is demonstrated to predict well the amplitude growth up to a normalized time of 1.0. The prolongation of the linear increment is mainly ascribed to the counteraction between the promotion by geometric convergence and the suppression by nonlinearity. Growths of the first three harmonics, obtained by a Fourier analysis of the interface contour, provide a first thorough validation of the nonlinear theory.
Human Activity Recorded in Carbon Isotopic Composition of Atmospheric CO2 in Gliwice Urban Area and Surroundings (Southern Poland) in the Years 2011–2013
Authors: Piotrowska Natalia , Pazdur Anna , Pawełczyk Sławomira , Rakowski Andrzej Z , Sensuła Barbara , Tudyka Konrad 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a record of the 14C and 13C isotope content of atmospheric CO2 for Gliwice is presented for samples collected on a weekly basis in the years 2011–2013. In addition, measurements were performed on the early and late wood from the annual rings of pine trees from five sites located 3–6 km from the atmospheric CO2 sampling point. The concentration of 14C in CO2 samples from the air was much lower relative to the concentration of this isotope in “clean air,” indicating a pronounce Suess effect, with a mean Δ14C lower by ca. 60‰ than Jungfraujoch data when the 15% of the highest differences are excluded, which leads to the FFCO2 estimate of 5.8%. In winter, the main source of fossil CO2 was fuel combustion, as confirmed by significant correlations with air pollutants. In the vegetation seasons, the Δ14C was highly variable due to biogenic influence and more variable winds. The isotopic results were also affected by an additional significant CO2 source for the Gliwice air, which was a closed mine shaft. The Δ14C and δ13C in tree rings did not record a strong Suess effect in the years 2008–2013 in woodland areas around Gliwice city.
A study on modelling cochlear duct mid-scalar length based on high-resolution computed tomography, and its effect on peri-modiolar and mid-scalar implant selection
Authors: Pamuk G , Pamuk A E , Akgöz A , Öztürk E , Bajin M D , Sennaroğlu L 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine cochlear duct mid-scalar length in normal cochleae and its role in selecting the correct peri-modiolar and mid-scalar implant length.MethodsThe study included 40 patients with chronic otitis media who underwent high-resolution computed tomography of the temporal bone. The length and height of the basal turn, mid-modiolar height of the cochlea, mid-scalar and lateral wall length of the cochlear duct, and the ‘X’ line (the largest distance from mid-point of the round window to the mid-scalar point of the cochlear canal) were measured.ResultsCochlear duct lateral wall length (28.88 mm) was higher than cochlear duct mid-scalar length (20.08 mm) (p &lt; 0.001). The simple linear regression equation for estimating complete cochlear duct length was: cochlear duct length = 0.2 + 2.85 × X line.ConclusionUsing the mid-scalar point as the reference point (rather than the lateral wall) for measuring cochlear duct mid-scalar length, when deciding on the length of mid-scalar or peri-modiolar electrode, increases measurement accuracy. Mean cochlear duct mid-scalar length was compatible with peri-modiolar and mid-scalar implant lengths. The measurement method described herein may be useful for pre-operative peri-modiolar or mid-scalar implant selection.
Evaluating the quality of long-term care services in the city of La Plata, Argentina
Authors: Lloyd-Sherlock Peter , Penhale Bridget , Redondo Nelida 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper reports on an innovative survey of long-term care facilities for older people in the Argentine city of La Plata. It applies a range of qualitative methodologies, including a clandestine audit conducted by older people living in the community. The paper pays particular attention to the types and availability of services, perceived quality and the rigour of regulatory processes. It finds that there has been a rapid growth in the availability of formal services, but that there are many gaps in provision, especially for older people with complex care needs. There are strong indications that service quality is uneven and, in some cases, this amounts to the contravention of basic human rights. State regulation is hampered by institutional fragmentation and weak governance. A wider set of expert interviews and the limited available published information indicate that these findings are unlikely to be exceptional, and that similar issues affect rapidly emerging long-term care systems in many low- and middle-income countries.
A New Model for Industry–Academic Partnerships
Authors: King Gary , Persily Nathaniel 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTThe mission of the social sciences is to understand and ameliorate society’s greatest challenges. The data held by private companies, collected for different purposes, hold vast potential to further this mission. Yet, because of consumer privacy, trade secrets, proprietary content, and political sensitivities, these datasets are often inaccessible to scholars. We propose a novel organizational model to address these problems. We also report on the first partnership under this model, to study the incendiary issues surrounding the impact of social media on elections and democracy: Facebook provides (privacy-preserving) data access; eight ideologically and substantively diverse charitable foundations provide initial funding; an organization of academics we created, Social Science One, leads the project; and the Institute for Quantitative Social Science at Harvard and the Social Science Research Council provide logistical help.
How to use replicate weights in health survey analysis using the National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey as an example
Authors: Birrell Carole L , Steel David G , Batterham Marijka J , Arya Ankur 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjective:To conduct nutrition-related analyses on large-scale health surveys, two aspects of the survey must be incorporated into the analysis: the sampling weights and the sample design; a practice which is not always observed. The present paper compares three analyses: (1) unweighted; (2) weighted but not accounting for the complex sample design; and (3) weighted and accounting for the complex design using replicate weights.Design:Descriptive statistics are computed and a logistic regression investigation of being overweight/obese is conducted using Stata.Setting:Cross-sectional health survey with complex sample design where replicate weights are supplied rather than the variables containing sample design information.Participants:Responding adults from the National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (NNPAS) part of the Australian Health Survey (2011–2013).Results:Unweighted analysis produces biased estimates and incorrect estimates of se. Adjusting for the sampling weights gives unbiased estimates but incorrect se estimates. Incorporating both the sampling weights and the sample design results in unbiased estimates and the correct se estimates. This can affect interpretation; for example, the incorrect estimate of the OR for being a current smoker in the unweighted analysis was 1·20 (95 % CI 1·06, 1·37), t= 2·89, P = 0·004, suggesting a statistically significant relationship with being overweight/obese. When the sampling weights and complex sample design are correctly incorporated, the results are no longer statistically significant: OR = 1·06 (95 % CI 0·89, 1·27), t = 0·71, P = 0·480.Conclusions:Correct incorporation of the sampling weights and sample design is crucial for valid inference from survey data.
Geographical Indications: Can China Reconcile the Irreconcilable Intellectual Property Issue between EU and US?
Authors: Feng Shujie 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGeographical indications (GIs), signs used on products that identify their geographical origin and special quality or reputation, are atypical intellectual property. The conflicts of interest between the New World and Old World and the diversity of legal regimes have obstructed the international harmonization of GI protection. Neither the Lisbon Agreement nor the TRIPS Agreement have been able to establish a widely accepted international GI registration or protection system. Though the Geneva Act has remarkably improved the treaty regime of GIs, the different approaches of the European Union and United States still seem irreconcilable. This article examines the Chinese dual GI system from a treaty perspective and explores the common functions of GIs and Trademarks, concluding that China's Trademark Law can ensure GI protection that is compliant with the TRIPS Agreement and the Geneva Act. The Chinese solution can be a reference for other countries which protect GIs with a trademark system.
‘Tax the rich’? The financial crisis, fiscal fairness, and progressive income taxation
Authors: Limberg Julian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHas the financial crisis influenced taxes on the rich? In this article, I argue that crisis countries have raised income tax progressivity because of fiscal fairness considerations. I test this claim by analysing a new data set on top marginal personal income tax (PIT) rates for 122 countries from 2006 to 2014, applying matching methods and a difference-in-differences design. The results show that countries with a financial crisis have increased top PIT rates by 4 percentage points. Furthermore, rising public debt only leads to higher top PIT rates when it is crisis-induced. These findings demonstrate that notions of fiscal fairness can still shape progressive taxation in the 21st century.
Effect of Clay and Organic Matter Content on the Shear Slip Properties of Shale
Authors: Wang Jianbo , Ge Hongkui , Wang Xiaoqiong , Shen Yinghao , Liu Tongyuan , Zhang Yanjun , Meng Fanbao 
Published: August 2019

AbstractShale gas reservoirs contain a large number of natural fractures. When shear slip occurs during hydraulic fracturing, it will increase reservoir permeability and improve the reservoir stimulation performance. Because shale contains a large amount of clay and organic matter, its shear slip behavior differs from that of other rocks. In this study, the shear behavior of different shale blocks is experimentally studied, and the proportion of clay and organic matter in the shale dominates the shear slip behavior. Specifically, the friction coefficient and shear strength decrease with the increasing content of clay and organic matter. A microscopic support model was developed to describe the different shear slip behaviors for different contents of clay and organic matter. When the clay and organic matter content is lower than a critical threshold (~35%), shale is microscopically grain supported and brittle shear occurs and the material is prone to shear dilation. When this content is greater than a critical content (~43%), the microscopic structure is a matrix‐supported fabric and plastic shear occurs, which is prone to shear contraction. Shale with contents between these two critical thresholds has a mixed‐support fabric, which is a transition type between brittle and plastic shear. If the proportion of clay and organic matter is less than ~35%, the natural fracture tends to dilate and retain a certain degree of opening after shearing, improving stimulation performance. When the proportion is more than ~43%, shear contraction occurs on the natural fracture surface, which is not conductive and cannot increase reservoir permeability.
Flow and Suspended Sediment Division at Two Highly Asymmetric Bifurcations in a River Delta: Implications for Channel Stability
Authors: Kästner K. , Hoitink A. J. F. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe division of sediment at river bifurcations results from the complex interaction between three‐dimensional flow, planform, and channel bed morphology, as well as the heterogeneity of the bed material. Sediment division processes cannot be incorporated in their full complexity in scale experiments and are difficult to reproduce with numerical models. Field measurements are thus necessary to advance our understanding of those processes in river deltas. However, such measurements are rare. We present measurements of the flow and sediment division at two tidally influenced bifurcations of the Kapuas River, a large sand‐bedded suspended load‐dominated river in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. At both bifurcations, a smaller channel branches off from the side of the main river, which makes the planform strongly asymmetric. The planform of both bifurcations has been stable at least since the end of the nineteenth century when the region was mapped for the first time. Based on our measurements, we explore possible factors that stabilize the bifurcations. We measure the flow velocities with a boat‐mounted acoustic velocity profiler and determine the sediment concentration from acoustic backscatter, calibrated against water samples. The side branch of the first bifurcation receives a proportionally lower fraction of sediment than water. In contrast, the side branch at the second bifurcation receives a proportionally higher fraction of sediment than water. A comparison of flow velocity and suspended sand concentration indicates that the bed material sorting strongly influences the division of sediment, in particular at one of the bifurcations, which is situated in a meander bend.
Global Fire Forecasts Using Both Large‐Scale Climate Indices and Local Meteorological Parameters
Authors: Shen Huizhong , Tao Shu , Chen Yilin , Odman Mehmet Talât , Zou Yufei , Huang Ye , Chen Han , Zhong Qirui , Zhang Yanyan , Chen Yuanchen , Su Shu , Lin Nan , Zhuo Shaojie , Li Bengang , Wang Xilong , Liu Wenxin , Liu Junfeng , Pavur Gertrude K. , Russell Armistead G. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFire forecasts that predict dry‐season fire activities several months in advance are beneficial for fire management. On a global scale, however, the predictability of fires is limited because fires depend on multiple factors and lack a single dominant predictor to describe diverse fire characteristics across regions. Here, based on 33 local meteorological parameters (MPs) and 37 large‐scale climate indices (CIs), we establish four empirical model clusters to predict global interannual fire variability. We show that across various geographic locations, the models provide reliable fire forecasts at least three months prior to the peak fire months. Compared to MPs, CIs such as the Oceanic Niño Index are comparable or even superior predictors. Globally, as well as in most continents, the El Niño–Southern Oscillation is the major driving force, explaining 17% of interannual fire variability, with strong implications for fire carbon emissions and the global carbon cycle. Other important predictors include the Northern Atlantic sea surface temperature (9%), the Southern Atlantic sea surface temperature (5%), and the Pacific/North American Pattern (3%). The predictive models reveal a strong interaction between MPs and CIs, indicating potential climate‐induced modification of fire responses to meteorological conditions. We show that the newly developed predictive models can benefit future fire management in response to climate change.
On the Role of Sidewalls in the Transition From Straight to Sinuous Bedforms
Authors: Zgheib N. , Balachandar S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe present results from direct numerical simulation on the transition from straight‐crested to sinuous‐crested bedforms. The numerical setup is representative of turbulent open channel flow over an erodible sediment bed at a shear Reynolds number of Reτ = 180. The immersed boundary method accounts for the presence of the bed. The simulations are two‐way coupled such that the turbulent flow can erode and modify the bed, and in turn, the bed modifies the overlying flow. Coupling from the flow to the bed occurs through the Exner equation, while back coupling from the bed to the flow is achieved by imposing the no‐slip and no‐penetration condition at the immersed boundary. The simulation setup is similar to that by Zgheib et al. (2018a, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JF004398) except for the presence of sidewalls to better mimic laboratory flume conditions. Sidewalls are observed to significantly increase bedform sinuosity.
Organic Compounds in a Sub‐Antarctic Ice Core: A Potential Suite of Sea Ice Markers
Authors: King A. C. F. , Thomas E. R. , Pedro J. B. , Markle B. , Potocki M. , Jackson S. L. , Wolff E. , Kalberer M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractInvestigation of organic compounds in ice cores can potentially unlock a wealth of new information in these climate archives. We present results from the first ever ice core drilled on sub‐Antarctic island Bouvet, representing a climatologically important but understudied region. We analyze a suite of novel and more familiar organic compounds in the ice core, alongside commonly measured ions. Methanesulfonic acid shows a significant, positive correlation to winter sea ice concentration, as does a fatty acid compound, oleic acid. Both may be sourced from spring phytoplankton blooms, which are larger following greater sea ice extent in the preceding winter. Oxalate, formate, and acetate are positively correlated to sea ice concentration in summer, but sources of these require further investigation. This study demonstrates the potential application of organic compounds from the marine biosphere in generating multiproxy sea ice records, which is critical in improving our understanding of past sea ice changes.
A New Hybrid Processing Strategy to Improve Temporal Gravity Field Solution
Authors: Zhou Hao , Zhou Zebing , Luo Zhicai 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe way to reach the prelaunch baseline accuracy is still one of crucial issues for Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) temporal gravity field model determination. In this work, two hybrid processing strategies are developed to improve the accuracy of GRACE temporal solution. One is for kinematic empirical parameters, the other is for arc‐specific parameters. These two hybrid processing strategies are compared with two solely processing strategies including filter predetermined strategy (FPS) and pure predetermined strategy (PPS). Assessing with a closed‐loop simulation study, the results demonstrate the outperformance of our hybrid processing strategies. Using GRACE Level 1B data, the GRACE monthly gravity field models HUST‐FPS‐PPS and HUST‐Grace2019 are, respectively, determined with the hybrid processing strategies, and they are compared with the solely solutions HUST‐FPS and HUST‐PPS. The comparison results demonstrate that (1) as for the kinematic empirical parameter, the hybrid processing strategy can retain the temporal signal but also reduce the noise level. For instance, the annual amplitudes over Amazon River Basin are 16.0 cm for HUST‐PPS, 19.1 cm for HUST‐FPS, and 19.4 cm for HUST‐FPS‐PPS. In contrast, the cumulative geoid difference of HUST‐FPS‐PPS reduces by 11% and 26%, when compared to HUST‐PPS and HUST‐FPS. (2) As for the arc‐specific parameters, the hybrid processing strategy also significantly improves the recovered monthly solution. Compare with Center for Space Research RL05 and HUST‐FPS‐PPS, the cumulative geoid difference of HUST‐Grace2019 reduces by 19% and 12%. The comparison results in spatial domain also support our conclusions. The hybrid processing strategy of this work is likely applicable for GRACE Follow‐On data.
UPF1 regulates the malignant biological behaviors of glioblastoma cells via enhancing the stability of Linc-00313
Authors: Shao Lianqi , He Qianru , Liu Yunhui , Liu Xiaobai , Zheng Jian , Ma Jun , Liu Libo , Li Han , Li Zhen , Xue Yixue 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThere is growing evidence that the long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs) play an important role in the biological behaviors of glioblastoma cells. In this study, we elucidated the function and possible effect and molecular mechanisms of lncRNA-Linc-00313 on the biological behaviors of glioblastoma cells as well as UPF1 function as a RNA-binding protein to enhance its stability. Here, we used qRT-PCR and western blot to measure the expression, cell Transfection to disrupt the expression of genes, cell viability analysis, quantization of apoptosis, cell migration, and invasion assays, Reporter vectors construction and luciferase assays to investigate the malignant biological behaviors of cells, human lncRNA microarrays, RNA-Immunoprecipitation, dual-luciferase gene reporter assay, half-life assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation to verify the binding sites, tumor xenograft implantation for in vivo experiment, SPSS 18.0 statistical software for data statistics. UPF1 and Linc-00313 were both upregulated in glioma tissues and cells. Knockdown of UPF1 or Linc-00313 significantly inhibited malignant biological behaviors of glioma cells by regulating miR-342-3p and miR-485-5p, which are downregulated and functioned as tumor suppressors in glioma. Furthermore, Linc-00313 could acted as a competing endogenous RNA(ceRNA) to regulate the expression of Zic4 by binding to miR-342-3p and miR-485-5p. Interestingly, Zic4 could bind to the promoters of UPF1 and Linc-00313 respectively and upregulate the expression of them. These results indicated that a positive-feedback loop was formed in the regulation of the biological behaviors of glioma cells. The study is the first to prove that the UPF1-Linc-00313-miR-342-3p/miR-485-5p-Zic4-SHCBP1 pathway forms a positive-feedback loop and regulates the biological behaviors of U87 and U251 cells, which might provide a new therapeutic target for glioma.