bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of fish and oil supplements for a better understanding of the role of fat level and other food constituents in determining bioaccessibility
Authors: Gomes Romina , Martins Sara , Afonso Cláudia , Bandarra Narcisa M. , Cardoso Carlos 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn order to investigate the effects of fat level and protein and other components on lipid bioaccessibility, the bioaccessibility of total lipids and particular fatty acids (FAs) of fish samples with different fat levels (5.4% w/w, 10.2% w/w, and 16.6% w/w) and cod liver oil supplement in different quantities (82, 154, 313, 604, and 1,027 mg) was determined by an in vitro digestion model. Digestion of the fish and oil (up to 154 mg) samples as measured by TAG disappearance was complete. Lipolysis was impaired by high amounts of oil (313 mg and higher). Bioaccessible FA profiles had similarities with the initial (before digestion) FA profiles. However, total MUFA and oleic acid contents were higher in the bioaccessible fraction. The bioaccessibility of EPA and DHA was generally lower than that of oleic acid and total MUFA. Fat level did not affect FAs’ bioaccessibility. On the other hand, protein and other components may have interfered in lipid bioaccessibility and it was found that the reduction of bioaccessibility was stronger when the ratio of the lipid fraction to the nonlipid fraction (mainly protein) was smaller.
Exploring the crystallinity of different powder sugars through solid echo and magic sandwich echo sequences
Authors: Grunin Leonid , Oztop Mecit Halil , Guner Selen , Baltaci Saadet Fatma 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTime‐domain nuclear magnetic resonance techniques are frequently used in polymer, pharmaceutical, and food industries as they offer rapid experimentation and generally do not require any considerable preliminary sample preparation. Detection of solid and liquid fractions in a sample is possible with the free induction decay (FID). However, for the classical FID sequence that consists of a single pulse followed by relaxation decay acquisition, the dead time of the probe (ring out of resonance circuitry) occurs and varies between 5 and 15 μs for standard 10‐mm tubes. In such a case, there arises a risk that the signal from the solid fraction cannot be detected correctly. To obtain quantitative measurement on crystalline and more mobile amorphous fractions, alternative sequences to the classical FID in the solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance were developed. Solid echo and magic sandwich echo sequences perform the relaxation decay refocusing somehow excluding the dead time problem and allow detection of the signal from the solid fraction. In this study, knowledge of amorphous/crystal fraction, which is obtained through solid echo and magic sandwich echo, has been explored on powder sugar samples for the purpose of developing a groundwork for a reliable quality control method. Different sugars were examined for the utilization of the sequences. What is important to add and make this study unique is that the method proposed did not involve multiparameter fitting of the “bead” pattern FID signal that normally suffers from ambiguity; just the integration of the fast Fourier transform of the solid echo was needed to calculate the second moment, (M2).
Turbine thermomechanical modelling during excessive axial movement and overspeed
Authors: Eryilmaz I. , Pachidis V. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTThis manuscript discusses the numerical (finite element) and analytical modelling of structural interactions between gas turbine components in case of excessive axial movement and overspeed. Excessive axial movement, which may occur after a shaft failure, results in contact between rotating and static turbine components under high forces. These forces create friction which can act as a counter torque, potentially retarding the ‘free-rotating’ components. The study is based on a shaft failure scenario of a ‘three-shaft’, high ‘bypass’ ratio, civil ‘large-fan’ engine. Coupled analytical performance and friction methods are used as stand-alone tools to investigate the effect of rubbing between rotating and stationary components. The method is supported by ‘high-fidelity’, ‘three-dimensional’, thermomechanical finite element simulations using LS-DYNA software. The novelty of the work reported herein lies in the development of a generalised modelling approach that can produce useful engine design guidelines to minimise the terminal speed of a free running turbine after an unlocated shaft failure. The study demonstrates the advantage of using a fast analytical formulation in a design space exploration, after verifying the analytical model against finite element simulation results. The radius and the area of a stationary seal platform in the turbine assembly are changed systematically and the design space is explored in terms of turbine acceleration, turbine dislocation rate and stationary component mass. The radius of the friction interface increases due to the increasing radius of the nozzle guide vane flow path and stationary seal platform. This increases the frictional torque generated at the interface. It was found that if the axial dislocation rate of the free running turbine wheel is high, the resulting friction torque becomes more effective as an overspeed prevention mechanism. Reduced contact area results in a higher axial dislocation rate and this condition leads to a design compromise between available friction capacity, during shaft failure contact and seal platform structural integrity.
Values that form the business: evidence from airport operations in Turkey
Authors: Bal Hilal Tugce , Kucuk Yılmaz Ayse 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTValues are important in understanding the managerial behaviour. Values are the unique criteria that enable people to become conscious of social relations and duties. We contribute to this understanding through determining the values which affect an organisation’s business approach by providing evidence from a comparative study of various airports through a questionnaire method. The study was carried out with 163 participants and factor analysis was used to reduce the complexity of a data set so that it becomes easier to use the data in applied settings. Ranking analysis was used to get the values hierarchy of managers. This hierarchy-addicted culture helps to understand corporate sustainability and loyalty. Managing values increases quality and retains sustainability. Further suggestions are made regarding values that should be taken into consideration for achieving corporate strategies, whether operating regionally or globally. This study contributes towards improving awareness on the effects of values in business management in both theory and practice, along with their limitations. The analysis shows that there is a conformity between organisational and individual values.
Clot Histopathology in Ischemic Stroke with Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Bhaskar Sonu , Saab Jawad , Cappelen-Smith Cecilia , Killingsworth Murray , Wu Xiao Juan , Cheung Andrew , Manning Nathan , Aouad Patrick , McDougall Alan , Hodgkinson Suzanne , Cordato Dennis 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT:Background: Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) has shown efficacy in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with infective endocarditis (IE). The possibility to undertake advanced histopathological clot analysis following EVT offers a new avenue to establish the etiological basis of the stroke – which is often labelled “cryptogenic.” In this paper, we present our findings from four consecutive patients with IE who underwent EVT following an AIS at our tertiary referral comprehensive stroke centre. Methods: Comprehensive histopathological analysis of clot retrieved after EVT, including morphology, was undertaken. Results: The consistent observation was the presence of dense paucicellular fibrinoid material mixed/interspersed with clusters of bacterial cocci. This clot morphology may be specific to septic embolus due to IE unlike incidental bacteraemia and could possibly explain the refractoriness of such clots to systemic thrombolysis. Conclusion: Detailed morphological and histopathological analysis of EVT-retrieved clots including Gram staining can assist in etiological classification of the clot. Understanding the composition of the clot may be of clinical value in early diagnostics and mapping treatment planning in IE.
A diagnostic algorithm for the surveillance of deep surgical site infections after colorectal surgery
Authors: Mulder Tessa , Kluytmans-van den Bergh Marjolein F.Q. , van Mourik Maaike S.M. , Romme Jannie , Crolla Rogier M.P.H. , Bonten Marc J.M. , Kluytmans Jan A.J.W. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjective:Surveillance of surgical site infections (SSIs) is important for infection control and is usually performed through retrospective manual chart review. The aim of this study was to develop an algorithm for the surveillance of deep SSIs based on clinical variables to enhance efficiency of surveillance.Design:Retrospective cohort study (2012–2015).Setting:A Dutch teaching hospital.Participants:We included all consecutive patients who underwent colorectal surgery excluding those with contaminated wounds at the time of surgery. All patients were evaluated for deep SSIs through manual chart review, using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria as the reference standard.Analysis:We used logistic regression modeling to identify predictors that contributed to the estimation of diagnostic probability. Bootstrapping was applied to increase generalizability, followed by assessment of statistical performance and clinical implications.Results:In total, 1,606 patients were included, of whom 129 (8.0%) acquired a deep SSI. The final model included postoperative length of stay, wound class, readmission, reoperation, and 30-day mortality. The model achieved 68.7% specificity and 98.5% sensitivity and an area under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.950 (95% CI, 0.932–0.969). Positive and negative predictive values were 21.5% and 99.8%, respectively. Applying the algorithm resulted in a 63.4% reduction in the number of records requiring full manual review (from 1,606 to 590).Conclusions:This 5-parameter model identified 98.5% of patients with a deep SSI. The model can be used to develop semiautomatic surveillance of deep SSIs after colorectal surgery, which may further improve efficiency and quality of SSI surveillance.
United States – Certain Methodologies and Their Application to Anti-Dumping Proceedings Involving China: Nails in the Coffin of Unfair Dumping Margin Calculation Methodologies
Authors: PRUSA THOMAS J. , VERMULST EDWIN A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe WTO Appellate Body report United States – Certain Methodologies and Their Application to Anti-Dumping Proceedings Involving China is yet another in a long line of disputes involving US Department of Commerce's dumping margin calculation methodologies. The AB ruled against the United States on three important aspects: (1) the use of the Nails test to rationalize the exceptional method in Article 2.4.2 of the Anti-Dumping Agreement so as to justify using the weighted average-to-transaction methodology in dumping margin calculations; (2) the treatment of multiple companies in a non-market economy as a single NME-wide entity; and (3) the USDOC's policy of using adverse facts available for such an entity. Yet, some aspects of the AB's decision – most notably affirming the use of average prices – significantly weaken Article 2.4.2's pattern requirement and potentially open the door to greater use of the exceptional method.
Tailoring Thermal Transport Properties of Graphene Paper by Structural Engineering
Authors: Ren Li , Wang Mengjie , Lu Shaorong , Pan Lulu , Xiong Zhongqiang , Zhang Zuocai , Peng Qingyuan , Li Yuqi , Yu Jinhong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAs a two-dimensional material, graphene has attracted increasing attention as heat dissipation material owing to its excellent thermal transport property. In this work, we fabricated sisal nanocrystalline cellulose/functionalized graphene papers (NPGs) with high thermal conductivity by vacuum-assisted self-assembly method. The papers exhibit in-plane thermal conductivity as high as 21.05 W m−1 K−1 with a thermal conductivity enhancement of 403% from the pure cellulose paper. The good thermal transport properties of NPGs are attributed to the strong hydrogen-bonding interaction between nanocrystalline cellulose and functionalized graphene and the well alignment structure of NPGs.
Whole exome sequencing identifies a novel intron heterozygous mutation in TSC2 responsible for tuberous sclerosis complex
Authors: Ye Yicong , Zeng Yong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study was aimed to identify the potentially pathogenic gene variants that contribute to the etiology of the tuberous sclerosis complex. A Chinese pedigree with tuberous sclerosis complex was collected and the exomes of two affected individuals were sequenced using the whole exome sequencing technology. The resulting variants from whole exome sequencing were filtered by basic and advanced biological information analysis and the candidate mutation was verified as heterozygous by sanger sequencing. After basic and advanced biological information analysis, a total of 9 single nucleotide variants were identified, which were all follow the dominant inheritance pattern. Among which, the intron heterozygous mutation c.600-145 C > T transition in TSC2 was identified and validated in the two affected individuals. In silico analysis with human splicing finder (HSF) predicted the effect of the c.600-145 C > T mutations on TSC2 mRNA splicing, and detected the creation of a new exonic cryptic donor site, which would result in a frame-shift, and finally premature termination codon. Our results reported the novel intron heterozygous mutation c.600-145 C > T in TSC2 may contribute to TSC, expanding our understanding of the causally relevant genes for this disorder.
Identifying High Confidence microRNAs in the Developing Seeds of Jatropha curcas
Authors: Yang Mingfeng , Lu Heshu , Xue Feiyan , Ma Lanqing 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenously short noncoding regulatory RNAs implicated in plant development and physiology. Nine small RNA (sRNA) libraries from three typical seed developmental stages (young, intermediate, and mature) were generated by deep sequencing to identify the miRNAs of J. curcas, a potential oilseed crop for the production of renewable oil. Strict criteria were adopted to identify 93 high confidence miRNAs including 48 conserved miRNAs and 45 novel miRNAs. Target genes of these miRNAs were involved in a broad range of physiological functions, including gene expression regulation, primary & secondary metabolism, growth & development, signal transduction, and stress response. About one third (29 out of 93) miRNAs showed significant changes in expression levels during the seed developmental process, indicating that the miRNAs might regulate its targets by their changes of transcription levels in seed development. However, most miRNAs were found differentially expressed in the late stage of seed development, suggesting that miRNAs play more important roles in the stage when seed accumulating organic matters and suffering dehydration stress. This study presents the first large scale identification of high confidence miRNAs in the developing seeds of J. curcas.
Model Uncertainty in Macroeconomics
Authors: Binder Michael , Lieberknecht Philipp , Quintana Jorge , Wieland Volker 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
For many years, structural macroeconomic models used at central banks for policy evaluation have exhibited New Keynesian features such as nominal rigidities and forward-looking decision-making. More recently, new contributions have added more detailed characterizations of the financial sector. This chapter employs a comparative approach to investigate the characteristics of this new generation of macro-financial models and documents increased model uncertainty. Policy transmission is highly heterogeneous across types of financial frictions and monetary policy has larger effects, on average. A simple policy rule optimized to perform well over several models with financial frictions involves a weaker response to inflation and the output gap than in earlier models. Including a response to financial variables such as credit growth does not improve performance very much, yet a response to output growth does. Models with financial frictions produce somewhat better forecasts. Overall, model-averaging yields a more robust framework for designing monetary policy.
Politics and Ethics, and the Ethic of Politics
Authors: Bruun Hans Henrik 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This chapter first examines Max Weber’s views on the relationship between ethics and politics. Weber maintained that there is an ineradicable conflict between the ultimate value spheres, each of which has its own inherent logic; consequently, he rejected the idea that politics could build on ethical foundations. Moreover, he pointed to an essential conflict within the sphere of politics between two radically different “ethics”: the ethic of conviction and the ethic of responsibility. A person acting according to the ethic of conviction judges his or her action solely by its intrinsic value, regardless of consequences, and takes no responsibility for those consequences; a person acting in accordance with the ethic of responsibility will not only take those consequences into account but also feel that he or she must accept responsibility for them. Although Weber’s formulations often seem to indicate his personal preference for the ethic of responsibility, it should be noted that he explicitly states that the true vocation of politics presupposes both responsibility and conviction on the part of the politician. This account of Weber’s views is followed, first, by an analysis of contemporary usage of the terms “ethic of conviction” and “ethic of responsibility” and, second, by a discussion of the relevance of Weber’s argument today, on the basis of five concrete cases. The conclusion of these discussions is that Weber’s analysis of the relationship between ethics and politics, and of the ethic of politics, remains as relevant as ever.
The Rationalizations of Culture and Their Directions
Authors: Kemple Thomas 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Although Max Weber did not comment extensively or systematically on the literary, visual, and plastic arts, several key statements allow us to reconstruct his views on the rationalization of the aesthetic sphere against the backdrop of the development of Western culture more generally. This chapter outlines this argument with reference to his remarks on art, literature, and cultural life in published writings, speeches, and private correspondence. His allusions to and discussions of specific art historians, cultural critics, cultural movements, artworks, and artists—from Rembrandt and Milton to Stefan George and Leo Tolstoy, for instance—are considered in light of his ideas on the directions of rationalization and their implications for intellectual work (including his own) as itself a kind of cultural practice. Weber’s concern with many dimensions of the rationalization of occidental culture, and of aesthetic culture in particular, has been taken up by later thinkers and has lessons for how we think of the directions of rationalization today.
Wiring the Cochlea for Sound Perception
Authors: Shrestha Brikha R. , Goodrich Lisa V. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Sound information enters the auditory brainstem via spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs), which reliably encode and transmit information received from sensory hair cells in the cochlea. SGNs form both a structural and a functional bridge between the cochlea and the auditory brainstem beginning early in development, with long-term consequences for the maturation of central auditory circuits. This chapter summarizes the key events in SGN development, from their origin in the early otic vesicle and the emergence of the basic wiring pattern of the cochlea to the elaboration of specialized synapses and the acquisition of diverse firing properties that enable sound perception even within noisy environments. Key cellular events and molecular players are introduced, with emphasis on the impact of reciprocal interactions between the cochlea and the auditory brainstem throughout development.
Cognitive Systems Engineering
Authors: Naikar Neelam , Brady Ashleigh 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis chapter presents a perspective of human expertise in sociotechnical systems based on the phenomenon of self-organization. Consistent with the ideals of the field of cognitive systems engineering, this perspective is based on empirical observations of how work is achieved in complex settings and incorporates an emphasis on design. The proposed perspective is motivated by the observation that workers in sociotechnical systems adapt not just their individual behaviors, but also their collective structures, in ways that are closely fitted to the evolving circumstances, such that these systems are necessarily self-organizing, a phenomenon that is essential for dealing with complexity in the task environment. Accordingly, the chapter explores in depth the theoretical and design implications of the phenomenon of self-organization for understanding and supporting human expertise in sociotechnical systems, and draws attention to the broader implications of this phenomenon for advancing a social basis for human cognition.
Military Expertise
Authors: Fletcher J. D. , Kowal Dennis 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This chapter reviews characteristics of expertise common to all domains as a context for the expertise needed by military personnel. However, the value of expertise in job performance is of particular value in the military due to the exposure of individuals to physical harm combined with time-pressured requirements to manage and apply advanced, highly complex technologies. The need, nature, and value of military expertise and decision making are discussed in general terms of tactical, operational, and strategic decision making centered on the readiness of military units and personnel to perform their missions successfully. Cognitive qualities needed for military expertise are considered, including the emerging issue of cognitive readiness required for both regular and irregular military operations. The chapter suggests that military expertise is similar to expertise elsewhere, but the volatility, uncertainty, complexity, ambiguity, and lethality of the environment in which military decisions are often made significantly affect its character, preparation, and requirements in ways discussed in the chapter.