bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population Pharmacokinetics of Pemetrexed in Adult Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer in Indian Patients
Authors: Srinivasan Meenakshi , Chaturvedula Ayyappa , Fossler Michael J. , Patil Anand , Gota Vikram , Prabhash Kumar 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe objective of the study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic model of pemetrexed and identify factors contributing to variability in exposure in Indian patients. Plasma samples were obtained from a cohort of 85 patients following 500 mg/m2 intravenous infusion and population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using NONMEM (version 7.3.0). The stochastic approximation expectation maximization method was used to estimate parameters. The full covariate model approach was used by specifying clinically meaningful covariates a priori. Credible intervals obtained using Markov chain Monte Carlo Bayesian analysis were used to reduce the full covariate model by eliminating the covariates whose CI included the null. Model qualification was performed using visual predictive check and bootstrap. The final population parameter estimates and relative standard error for clearance (CL) was 3.3 L/h (10.8), central volume of distribution (V1) was 5.2 L (7.8), peripheral volume of distribution (V2) was 5.9 L (14.5) and intercompartmental clearance (Q) was 6.8 L/h (14.3). A large between‐subject variability (50%‐108% coefficient of variation) was observed in pharmacokinetic parameters. The percent coefficient of variation for the area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time zero to infinity was 72% and for maximum concentration was 68.25%. Diagnostic plots showed no major bias in the model. The final model included V1, V2, and Q scaled to body surface area raised to a fixed exponent of 1. Creatinine clearance and sex on clearance and albumin on V1 were statistically significant covariates based on Bayesian credible interval. However, traditional bootstrap resulted in a 95% confidence interval of the sex effect parameter including null. Given the size and nonsignificant sex effect in traditional bootstrap, it is considered clinically not significant.
Evaluation of matcha tea quality index using portable NIR spectroscopy coupled with chemometric algorithms
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Zareef Muhammad , He Peihuan , Sun Hao , Chen Quansheng , Li Huanhuan , Ouyang Qin , Guo Zhiming , Zhang Zhengzhu , Xu Delian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe study reports a portable near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy system coupled with chemometric algorithms for prediction of tea polyphenols and amino acids in order to index matcha tea quality.RESULTSSpectral data were preprocessed by standard normal variate (SNV), mean center (MC) and first‐order derivative (1stD) tests. The data were then subjected to full spectral partial least squares (PLS) and four variable selection algorithms, such as random frog partial least square (RF‐PLS), synergy interval partial least square (Si‐PLS), genetic algorithm‐partial least square (GA‐PLS) and competitive adaptive reweighted sampling partial least square (CARS‐PLS). RF‐PLS was established and identified as the optimum model based on the values of the correlation coefficients of prediction (RP), root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) and residual predictive deviation (RPD), which were 0.8625, 0.82% and 2.13, and 0.9662, 0.14% and 3.83, respectively, for tea polyphenols and amino acids. The content range of tea polyphenols and amino acids in matcha tea samples was 8.51–14.58% and 2.10–3.75%, respectively. The quality of matcha tea was successfully classified with an accuracy rate of 83.33% as qualified, unqualified and excellent grade.CONCLUSIONThe proposed method can be used as a rapid, accurate and non‐destructive platform to classify various matcha tea samples based on the ratio of tea polyphenols to amino acids. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of atmosphere on high‐temperature oxidation of Fe‐Cr‐Si model alloy
Authors: Issartel Christophe , Buscail Henri , Mathieu Stéphane 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study is to show the influence of the gaseous environment on the ferritic Fe‐Cr‐Si model alloy oxidation during 70 hrs, at 900 and 950°C. Two different atmospheres have been used, air or nitrogen containing 5 vol% hydrogen (N2–5%H2).After air oxidation, a nonadherent chromia scale formed. In the N2–5%H2 gaseous environment, it clearly appears that silicon segregation near the internal scale‐metal interface is favoured. In this low oxygen‐containing gas, adherent chromia, and silica scales have been formed. Silica subscale associated to an adherent chromia scale obtained in low‐oxygen conditions are a good protection barrier against carburisation.
Life satisfaction among older adult, long‐term cancer survivors: A comparison of Black with White survivors
Authors: Deimling Gary , Phelps Erin K. , Gilbert Marissa , Ciaralli Spencier 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis paper proposes and evaluates a model of the relative importance that cancer‐related health factor along with other health factors have for the self‐rated health and life satisfaction of older adult, long‐term cancer survivors. The data are examined in the context of important racial differences in health and life satisfaction along with other covariates including gender and education.MethodThis research utilizes regression‐based path analysis to examine data from a sample of 321 older (age 60+), long‐term (5+ years since diagnosis) cancer survivors. Respondents were randomly selected from the tumor registry of a major university hospital cancer center from among those with breast, prostate, or colorectal cancer. Blacks were oversampled to provide the analytic power to make racial comparisons among cancer survivors.ResultsBivariate analysis indicates that there is a consistent pattern of Black/White differences in both cancer‐related and general health characteristics as well as life satisfaction among older cancer survivors. Moreover, the results suggest that race is an important predictor of older survivors' health characteristics. These, in turn, explain significant variance in both self‐rated health and life satisfaction, that is, attributed to Black/White differences in these predictors.ConclusionsClinical health and social service providers need to be aware of the importance of both general health and cancer‐related health factors when working with minority long‐term cancer survivors as these have implications for their overall quality of life.
Disjunctures of belonging and belief: Christian migrants and the bordering of identity in Singapore
Authors: Kong Lily , Woods Orlando 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMigration results in people that are different from one another living in closer physical proximity. Proximity increases the chances of encountering difference and can lead to both the formation of new communities and the strengthening of old. As a religion that claims to integrate people into a trans‐ethnic, transterritorial faith community, Christianity encourages such encounters and Christian groups play an important role in mediating them. Disjunctures of belonging and belief are the outcomes that arise from encounters with difference within spaces of Christianity. Drawing on 100 interviews conducted between August 2017 and February 2018, this paper unravels these disjunctures through a focus on the interplay between migrant and nonmigrant Christian communities in Singapore. Although Christian groups have the potential to be agents of integration, we consider the ways in which they encourage the “bordering of identity” by serving to divide communities rather than unite them.
Procedure‐related risk of miscarriage following chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis
Authors: Beta J. , Zhang W. , Geris S. , Kostiv V. , Akolekar R. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo estimate the procedure‐related risks of miscarriage following chorionic villus sampling (CVS) and amniocentesis in a large unselected screened population, and to determine whether these risks are consistent with those reported in systematic reviews and meta‐analyses.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study carried out on data obtained from a large fetal medicine unit in the UK between January 2009 and May 2018. We included all women with singleton pregnancy who booked for pregnancy care at our unit before 20 weeks' gestation, after excluding those with multiple pregnancy, major fetal defect, pregnancy termination and loss to follow‐up. We estimated the risk of miscarriage in women who underwent a CVS or amniocentesis as well as in those who did not have an invasive procedure. The procedure‐related risk of miscarriage was estimated as risk difference (95% CI) between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to derive odds ratios (95% CI) and determine which maternal and pregnancy characteristics provided a significant contribution in the prediction of miscarriage and whether CVS or amniocentesis provided a significant independent contribution.ResultsDuring the study period, 45 120 singleton pregnancies were booked for pregnancy care at our hospital, of which 1546 had an invasive procedure. We excluded 1429 (3.2%) pregnancies due to fetal defects, termination of pregnancy or missing outcomes. Of the 43 691 pregnancies included in the study population, 861 underwent CVS and 375 amniocentesis. In pregnancies that underwent CVS, the risk of miscarriage was 1.5% (13/861), compared with 1.2% (476/39 152) in pregnancies that had first‐trimester combined screening and did not have an invasive procedure (P = 0.437). In pregnancies that underwent an amniocentesis, the risk of miscarriage was 0.8% (3/375), compared with 1.2% (491/42 463) in those that did not undergo an invasive procedure (P = 0.520). Univariate and multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that there was no significant contribution in the prediction of the risk of miscarriage from CVS (P = 0.399 and P = 0.592, respectively) or amniocentesis (P = 0.543 and P = 0.550, respectively). The risk of procedure‐related loss attributed to CVS was 0.29% (95% CI, −0.53 to 1.12%) and that following amniocentesis was −0.36% (95% CI, −1.26 to 0.55%), which was not significantly different from the risk in women who did not have any procedure.ConclusionsThe procedure‐related risks of miscarriage following CVS and amniocentesis in our study are considerably lower than those currently quoted and are consistent with the estimates of such risks reported by systematic reviews and meta‐analyses. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Characteristics of the Palynomorphs and Hydrocarbon Potential in the Continental Permian Raniganj Formation, Banespetali Nala, West Bengal
Authors: Sinha H. N. , Patel R. C. , Kumar B. A. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
The youngest coal seam of the Raniganj Formation of upper Permian age has been critically examined for microfloral assemblages near to the continental P/T boundary of India. The study reveals a rich and diversified microfloral assemblages and it tentatively corresponds with long distances homotaxial beds of SE Turkey, Australia and Antarctica. Based on the microfloral assemblages, the dark shale occurring at the youngest coal seam of the Raniganj Formation tentatively assigns a Wordian to Capitanian (260-265Ma) age. Some of the forms such as Striatoabieites multistriatus, Protohaploxipinus sp., Striatopodocarpites fusus, Striatopodocorpites cancellatus, Praecolpatites sinuosus, Plicatipollenites gondwanensis have a wide range of distributions from low to high palaeo-latitudinal Gondwanan provinces. This attributes that these forms probably were not climate dependent, but other might vaguely be ascribed to be climatic sensitive. Apatite Fission Track (AFT) and maturation study based on spore/pollen coloration attributes to the possibility of small amount of liquid hydrocarbon and large commercial gas accumulations in the Raniganj Formation.
Why and how to support depsychiatrisation of adult transidentity in ICD-11: A French study
Authors: Askevis-Leherpeux Françoise , de la Chenelière Marie , Baleige Antoine , Chouchane Sarah , Martin Marie-Jeanne , Robles-García Rebeca , Fresán Ana , Quach Alexandre , Stona Anne-Claire , Reed Geoffrey , Roelandt Jean-Luc 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackground:For the 11th version of the International Classification of Diseases, the WHO recommended to rename transgender transidentity as “gender incongruence”, to remove it from the chapter of mental and behavioral disorders, and to put it in a new category titled “Conditions related to sexual health”. This should contribute to reduce stigmatisation while maintaining access to medical care. One argument in favor of depsychiatrisation is to demonstrate that essential features of gender identity disorders, namely psychological distress and functional impairment, are not necessarily reported by every transgender person, and may result from social rejection and violence rather than dysphoria itself. Initially confirmed in Mexico, these hypotheses were tested in a specific French medical context, where access to care does not require any prior mental health evaluation or diagnosis.Method:In 2017, 72 transgender persons completed retrospective interviews which focused on the period when they became aware that they might be transgender and perhaps would need to do something about it.Results:Results showed that psychological distress and functional impairment were not reported by every participant, that they may result from rejection and violence, and especially from rejection and violence coming from coworkers and schoolmates. Additional data showed that the use of health services for body transformation did not depend on distress and dysfunction. Finally, participants preferred ICD 11 to employ “transgender” or “transidentity” rather than “gender incongruence”.Conclusion:Results support depsychiatrisation. They are discussed in terms of medical, ethical, legal, and social, added values and implications of depsychiatrisation.
Evaluation of uncomplicated acute respiratory tract infection management in veterans: A national utilization review
Authors: Bohan Jefferson G. , Madaras-Kelly Karl , Pontefract Benjamin , Jones Makoto , Neuhauser Melinda M. , Bidwell Goetz Matthew , Burk Muriel , Cunningham Francesca ,   for the ARI Management Improvement Group
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackground:Antibiotics are overprescribed for acute respiratory tract infections (ARIs). Guidelines provide criteria to determine which patients should receive antibiotics. We assessed congruence between documentation of ARI diagnostic and treatment practices with guideline recommendations, treatment appropriateness, and outcomes.Methods:A multicenter quality improvement evaluation was conducted in 28 Veterans Affairs facilities. We included visits for pharyngitis, rhinosinusitis, bronchitis, and upper respiratory tract infections (URI-NOS) that occurred during the 2015–2016 winter season. A manual record review identified complicated cases, which were excluded. Data were extracted for visits meeting criteria, followed by analysis of practice patterns, guideline congruence, and outcomes.Results:Of 5,740 visits, 4,305 met our inclusion criteria: pharyngitis (n = 558), rhinosinusitis (n = 715), bronchitis (n = 1,155), URI-NOS (n = 1,475), or mixed diagnoses (>1 ARI diagnosis) (n = 402). Antibiotics were prescribed in 68% of visits: pharyngitis (69%), rhinosinusitis (89%), bronchitis (86%), URI-NOS (37%), and mixed diagnosis (86%). Streptococcal diagnostic testing was performed in 33% of pharyngitis visits; group A Streptococcus was identified in 3% of visits. Streptococcal tests were ordered less frequently for patients who received antibiotics (28%) than those who did not receive antibiotics 44%; P < .01). Although 68% of visits for rhinosinusitis had documentation of symptoms, only 32% met diagnostic criteria for antibiotics. Overall, 39% of patients with uncomplicated ARIs received appropriate antibiotic management. The proportion of 30-day return visits for ARI care was similar for appropriate (11%) or inappropriate (10%) antibiotic management (P = .22).Conclusions:Antibiotics were prescribed in most uncomplicated ARI visits, indicating substantial overuse. Practice was frequently discordant with guideline diagnostic and treatment recommendations.
Equilibrium positions of the elasto-inertial particle migration in rectangular channel flow of Oldroyd-B viscoelastic fluids
Authors: Yu Zhaosheng , Wang Peng , Lin Jianzhong , Hu Howard H. 
Published: April 2019

In this paper, the lateral migration of a neutrally buoyant spherical particle in the pressure-driven rectangular channel flow of an Oldroyd-B fluid is numerically investigated with a fictitious domain method. The aspect ratio of the channel cross-section considered is 1 and 2, respectively. The particle lateral motion trajectories are shown for the bulk Reynolds number ranging from 1 to 100, the ratio of the solvent viscosity to the total viscosity being 0.5, and a Weissenberg number up to 1.5. Our results indicate that the lateral equilibrium positions located on the cross-section midline, diagonal line, corner and channel centreline occur successively as the fluid elasticity is increased, for particle migration in square channel flow with finite fluid inertia. The transition of the equilibrium position depends strongly on the elasticity number (the ratio of the Weissenberg number to the Reynolds number) and weakly on the Reynolds number. The diagonal-line equilibrium position occurs at an elasticity number ranging from roughly 0.001 to 0.02, and can coexist with the midline and corner equilibrium positions. When the fluid inertia is negligibly small, particles migrate towards the channel centreline, or the closest corner, depending on their initial positions and the Weissenberg number, and the corner attractive area first increases and then decreases as the Weissenberg number increases. For particle migration in a rectangular channel with an aspect ratio of 2, the transition of the equilibrium position from the midline, ‘diagonal line’ (the line where two lateral shear rates are equal to each other), off-centre long midline and channel centreline takes place as the Weissenberg number increases at moderate Reynolds numbers. An off-centre equilibrium position on the long midline is observed for a large blockage ratio of 0.3 (i.e. the ratio of the particle diameter to the channel height is 0.3) at a low Reynolds number. This off-centre migration is driven by shear forces, unlike the elasticity-induced rapid inward migration, which is driven by the normal force (pressure or first normal stress difference).
Grain size effects in rime judgment across literacy development in German
Authors: Schmitterer Alexandra M. A. , Schroeder Sascha 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPhonological similarity effects are biases to judge words as phonologically similar (i.e., rhyming), even if they are not. First found in rime awareness tasks in preliterates, these biases have recently also been found in proficient adult readers. In this study, we evaluated underlying phonological processing in rime judgment longitudinally, across literacy development. To this end, we created a new rime judgment task (rime; i.e., /t∙aɪ̯∙l/ - /z∙aɪ̯∙l/) with two distractor conditions that varied in size of phonological overlap (body; i.e., /t∙aɪ̯∙l/ - /t∙aɪ̯ ç/; nucleus; i.e., /t∙aɪ̯∙l/ - /r∙aɪ̯∙s/). The task was administered to a group of 61 German-speaking children at four time points across school entry and to 21 adults. Accuracy and latency responses were recorded. Results indicated that children and adults showed phonological similarity effects but the effect decreased gradually over time. However, preliterate children were more sensitive to large compared to small phonological overlap, while the same effect was significantly smaller in literate children and adults. Results suggest that preliterate children are more sensitive to larger grain sizes and become more sensitive to fine-grained units across literacy development. The findings are in line with the assumptions of the psycholinguistic grain size theory.
High-Gain Observer-Based Neural Adaptive Feedback Linearizing Control of a Team of Wheeled Mobile Robots
Authors: Sarrafan Neda , Shojaei Khoshnam 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThis paper addresses the neural network (NN) output feedback formation tracking control of nonholonomic wheeled mobile robots (WMRs) with limited voltage input. A desired formation is achieved based on the leader–follower strategy utilizing hyperbolic tangent saturation functions to reduce the risk of actuator saturation. The controller is developed by incorporating the high-gain observer and radial basis function (RBF) NNs using the inverse dynamics control technique. The high-gain observer is introduced to estimate velocities of the followers. The RBF NN preserves the robustness of the proposed controller against uncertain nonlinearities. The adaptive laws are also combined by a robust control term to estimate the weights of RBF NN, approximation errors, and bounds of unknown time-variant environmental disturbances. A Lyapunov-based stability analysis proves that all signals of the closed-loop system are bounded, and tracking errors are uniformly ultimately bounded. Finally, some simulations are carried out to show the effectiveness of the proposed controller for a number of WMRs.
Understanding Bachelorhood in Poverty-stricken and High Sex Ratio Settings: An Exploratory Study in Rural Shaanxi, China
Authors: Attané Isabelle , Eklund Lisa , Merli M. Giovanna , Bozon Michel , Angeloff Tania , Yang Bo , Li Shuzhuo , Pairault Thierry , Wang Su , Yang Xueyan , Zhang Qunlin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCoupled with the social practice of female hypergamy, the male surplus within the never-married population means that today's Chinese marriage market is extremely tight in particular for men from a rural background and the least privileged socio-economic categories. Drawing on quantitative data from a survey conducted in 2014–2015, this article sheds light on the situation of single men who are past prime marriage age in three rural districts of Shaanxi particularly affected by this phenomenon. It compares single men's characteristics to those of their married counterparts and offers insights into the heterogeneity of single men with the aim of challenging some commonly accepted assumptions about bachelorhood in rural China. Results suggest a strong internalization of the various characteristics, centred on being able to offer social mobility to a potential wife, that a man is expected to have to be attractive to women in a context where women have more choice in mate selection. We conclude that mate selection is highly marked by class, social norms, social interactions, health, generation and age, and requires the mobilization of certain amounts of individual, social and economic resources. Unwanted bachelorhood would thus be better understood using an intersectional approach rather than mainly in numeric terms.