bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal timing for induction of labor in normotensive women: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Gunnarsdóttir Jóhanna , Swift Emma Marie , Smárason Alexander , Einarsdóttir Kristjana 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveLabor induction is offered to reduce the risk of stillbirth at late term (41+0 to 41+6) but earlier induction in normotensive singleton pregnancies is supported by weak evidence. The aim of the present study was to investigate the optimal timing for induction in normotensive women.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study including 70 293 singleton term births in Iceland during 1997–2018. Women with serious pre‐gestational comorbidity, hypertension, stillbirth or previous cesarean birth were excluded. The risk of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes for induction at each week from gestational age 37–41 weeks was compared with expectant management, defined as deliveries at a later gestational age. Risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using log‐binomial regression adjusting for sociodemographics, parity, and pregnancy complications.ResultsThe risk of cesarean was lower with induction at ≥40+0 than expectant management, especially at late term (RR 0.73, 95% CI: 0.63–0.83). Respiratory distress was diagnosed in 4.4% of infants after induction from 37+0 to 37+6 but 1.3% in the expectant management group (RR 3.08, 95% CI: 1.97–4.81). Induction between 37+0 and 38+6 compared with expectant management was associated with a reduced risk of shoulder dystocia, but this was non‐significant in births of infants with normal birthweight.ConclusionLabor induction from 40+0 compared with expectant management was associated with reduced risk of cesarean birth in Icelandic women without an increase in risk of adverse maternal or neonatal outcomes. No additional benefit appeared to be from inducing at earlier gestations in low‐risk pregnancies.
Extracellular Vesicles Derived Ectonucleoside Triphosphate Diphosphohydrolase 3 Alleviates Mitochondrial Dysfunction of Osteoarthritis Chondrocytes via Ectonucleotide Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterase 1‐Induced Suppression of the AKT/Notch2 Pathway
Authors: Tang Xin , He Jingsheng , Hao Ye 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTOsteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease that usually starts from joint cartilage injury. Notch2, a versatile signaling in human development and diseases, was recently uncovered to be an important regulator in chondrocyte damage. However, in OA chondrocytes, how Notch2 activation is dysregulated is largely unknown. Here, integrated bioinformatic analysis was performed on GEO datasets (GSE199193 and GSE224255) to search potential extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived regulators of Notch2 in OA chondrocytes. Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 3 (Entpd3), a most differentially expressed gene both in LPS‐induced macrophage EV and Notch2 mutant chondrocytes, was screened as the candidate regulator of Notch2 in OA chondrocytes. Gain‐of‐function experiments in cultured human chondrocytes revealed that recombinant Entpd3 protein and macrophage EV both had a protective effect on LPS‐induced inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and collagen loss in chondrocytes. In terms of mechanism, Entpd3 directly interacted with ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) and suppressed AKT/Notch2‐mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. Finally, we verified that either macrophage EV administration or Entpd3 overexpression was able to alleviate osteoarthritis in mice in vivo. In conclusion, Entpd3 is identified as a new regulator in OA, which alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction induced chondrocyte damage via ENPP1‐induced suppression of the AKT/Notch2 pathway.
Endocannabinoid receptor 2 is a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for the lysosomal storage disorders
Authors: Simonaro Calogera M. , Yasuda Makiko , Schuchman Edward H. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHerein, we studied the expression of endocannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R), a known inflammation mediator, in several lysosomal storage disorder (LSD) animal models and evaluated it as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for these diseases. CB2R was highly elevated in the plasma of Farber disease and mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type IIIA mice, followed by Fabry disease and MPS type I mice. Mice with acid sphingomyelinase‐deficient Niemann‐Pick disease (ASMD) and rats with MPS type VI exhibited little or no plasma CB2R elevation. High‐level expression of CB2R was also observed in tissues of Farber and MPS IIIA mice. Treatment of MPS IIIIA patient cells with CB2R agonists led to a reduction of CB2R and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1), a chemotactic factor that is elevated in this LSD. Treatment of MPS IIIA mice with one of these agonists (JWH133) led to a reduction of plasma and tissue CB2R and MCP‐1, a reduction of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the brain, and an improvement in hanging test performance. JWH133 treatment of Farber disease mice also led to a reduction of MCP‐1 in tissues and plasma, and treatment of these mice by enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) led to a reduction of plasma CB2R, indicating its potential to monitor treatment response. Overall, these findings suggest that CB2R should be further examined as a potential therapeutic target for the LSDs and may also be a useful biomarker to monitor the impact of therapies.
Metabolomic Profiling of Cerebrospinal Fluid Reveals Metabolite Biomarkers in Tick‐Borne Encephalitis Patient
Authors: Liang Runxin , Li Yuchang , Li Jing , Zhang Sen , Gao Yanhong , Tan Fuli , Feng Ye , Chen Yuehong , Wang Fei , Jiang Tao , Kang Xiaoping 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTTick‐borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) can cause life‐threatening central nervous system infection. Changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) metabolites may reflect critical aspects of host responses and end‐organ damage in neuro infection and neuroinflammation. In this study, we applied an untargeted metabolomics screen of CSF samples to investigate the metabolites profile and explore biomarkers for TBEV infection. By analyzing CSF samples from 77 patients with TBEV infection and 23 without TBEV infection, tryptophan metabolism and Citrate cycle were found to be the top important metabolic pathways in differentiating the control and case groups; acetoacetate, 5′‐deoxy‐5′‐(methylthio)‐adenosine, 3‐methyl‐2‐oxobutanoic acid, and so forth. were identified to be metabolic biomarkers (|FC|> 1, VIP > 1, FDR < 0.05) in CSF and clearly separated the TBEV infection from the noninfected samples. Moreover, four metabolites were identified to be associated with fatal outcome, including kynurenic acid, 5‐hydroxyindole‐3‐acetic acid, DL‐tryptophan, indole‐3‐acrylic acid, demonstrating the potential predictive biomarkers for severe TBEV infection. This study explored the metabolic profile of TBEV infection in CSF samples and identified candidate biomarkers for TBEV infection, which might be useful in target screening for differential diagnosis and therapeutic inter‐vention.
The Characterization of the Lattice Vibrations of Ammonium Nitrate in ANFO Mixture After Authentic Detonations Using Confocal Raman Microscopy and Single Crystal X‐Ray Diffraction
Authors: Estevanes Jared , Jernigan Nicholas , Zall Christopher , Monjardez Geraldine 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to characterize ammonium nitrate lattice vibrations in an ammonium nitrate and fuel oil mixture (ANFO) following authentic explosive events using confocal Raman microscopy and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Two simulated IEDs were constructed and detonated, consisting of several different substrate materials, using ANFO as the main charge. Crystalline material was observed to be growing on several of the postblast substrates. Microscopical examination revealed the crystalline material to have isotropic and anisotropic characteristics. Following recrystallization from water, the material was identified as ammonium nitrate. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction enabled the identification of the unit cells and molecular structures of the crystals formed after the blast. The values corresponded to the known Phase IV structure of recrystallized ammonium nitrate; however, there were minor yet statistically significant variations in the distances in the unit cell dimensions and O–N–O angles. Ex situ analysis of isotropic crystalline fragment using confocal Raman microscopy determined that lattice vibrations within the material were different than the ANFO intact reference, with the blue shifting of several bands, the emergence of new bands, and the loss of other characteristic bands. It was determined that the isotropic crystalline material observed in the postblast residue consisted of stressed state Phase IV AN. This suggests that a thermal change of AN can be observed in the microscopical characteristics and Raman spectrum of the crystals, demonstrating the importance of low frequency Raman spectroscopy (10–250 cm−1), which allows the identification of distinct spectral features of crystalline salts.
Efficacy of brodalumab in psoriasis patients with a body weight >100 kg: Real‐world evidence (RWE) from the LIBERO study
Authors: von Kiedrowski Ralph , Asadullah Khusru , Korge Bernhard , Tsarovina Konstantina , Augustin Matthias 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundPatients with psoriasis often suffer from obesity. However, only limited data are available on the efficacy of brodalumab 210 mg, a fully human monoclonal immunoglobulin IgG2 antibody binding to the human interleukin 17 receptor subunit A, in obese patients in daily practice, to date.ObjectivesA subgroup analysis from the LIBERO study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of brodalumab in patients weighing ≤100 and >100 kg after ~12 weeks (W) and ~52 W.MethodsLIBERO is a large prospective, multicenter, non‐interventional, real‐world‐evidence study including adult patients with plaque psoriasis treated with brodalumab 210 mg.ResultsFour hundred and sixty‐one patients with a body weight up to 100 kg (nonobese) and 161 patients with >100 kg body weight (obese) were included in this subgroup analysis. At baseline, the majority of patients in both groups had very severe (12.6%; 15.7%) or severe (49.4%; 55.0%) psoriasis, as assessed by Physician Global Assessment (PGA). As of W2, a significant reduction of the mean PASI could be achieved in both groups. In patients weighing ≤100 kg mean PASI decreased from 16.9 to 9.0 and further improved to 2.6 at ~W12 (p < 0.001). In the patient group >100 kg, the PASI decreased from 17.9 to 10.2 at ~W2 (p < 0.001) and improved further to 3.9 at ~W12 (p < 0.001). However, at ~W12 absolute PASI0‐3 rates were lower in patients >100 kg than in patients ≤100 kg (68.4% vs. 80.5%, p = 0.006); there was no statistically significant difference between the groups at ~W52/last visit any more in any of the effectiveness parameters with, for example, a PGA0/1 response of 82.3% versus 86.5% (p = 0.6089), respectively.ConclusionsThis subgroup analysis of LIBERO confirmed, that in daily practice brodalumab can be equally beneficial patients with >100 and ≤100 kg in the long‐term management of psoriasis.
The Effect of Different Aging Methods on the Heavy Metal Adsorption Capacity of Microplastics
Authors: Liu Ying , Chen Su , Liang Xiao , Hou Ziyan , Lin Xiaonan , Chao Lei 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTMicroplastic (MP) pollution has emerged as a global concern. MPs undergo aging in the environment, which includes light‐induced and temperature‐induced degradation. Existing studies on MP aging predominantly focus on UV‐induced and high‐temperature aging. This experiment addresses the issue of the combined pollution of MPs and heavy metals in the environment, nonbiodegradable polystyrene (PS) MPs and utilizing biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) MPs along with the heavy metals Cd2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ as the research objects. The study aims to simulate the aging of MPs under UV and high‐temperature conditions and to investigate the adsorption of heavy metals (Cd2+, Cu2+, Zn2+) by aged MPs. This research helps to further the understanding of the interactions between MPs and heavy metals in the environment, as well as the environmental risks posed by their combined pollution, thereby providing a foundation for managing MPs and heavy metal contamination. The study reveals that under both aging conditions, the MPs' surface becomes rougher, developing cracks that increase its specific surface area, reduce the average adsorption pore size and zeta potential, and enhance crystallinity and oxygen content. UV aging has a more pronounced effect on the physical and chemical properties of the microplastics. The adsorption level of heavy metals by MPs remain largely unchanged before and after aging; however, the aging process slightly increased the adsorption capacity of the MPs. PS‐T increased the adsorption of Cd2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ by 0.0011, 0.003, 0.002, PS‐UV increased the adsorption of Cd2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ by 0.0024, 0.015, 0.011, PLA‐T increased the adsorption of Cd2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ by 0.0023, 0.014, and 0.023, and PLA‐UV increased the adsorption of Cd2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ by 0.0028, 0.017, and 0.03, respectively.
Ecosystem Services Supply‐Demand Mismatch and Their Drivers in Highly Spatially Heterogeneous South China Karst Ecoregions
Authors: Chen Yi , Xiong Kangning , Luo Lu , Chen Jiaying 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the issues of natural capital, group consumption, and the role of internal and external factors in discussions on the sustainability of ecosystem services (ES) can help to realize sustainable socio‐ecological system management. However, previous studies have complemented ecological management practices from a holistic or ES supply perspective, with little consideration of spatial and temporal differences in supply–demand mismatches across ecoregions. On the basis of the frameworks of spatial quantification, matching analysis, driver identification, and management strategy development, this study explores the differences in the supply and demand of key ES in various ecological zones of the South China Karst (SCK) and employs correlation analyses to reveal the direction and degree of influence of the drivers on the mismatch of supply and demand. Furthermore, valuable ecological management strategies are provided. The results showed that, in general, the supply of habitat quality (HQ) and carbon sequestration (CS) decreased, and the supply capacity for soil conservation (SC), food provision (FP), and water yield (WY) improved. The demand for WY decreased, whereas the demand for all other services increased to varying degrees. Except for the SC imbalance, the supply and demand of other ES matched well, with localized mismatch areas concentrated around the city. These gradually evolved from a point distribution to a continuous type of line or even surface distribution from 2000 to 2020. The temporal and spatial variability of ES was evident in different ecoregions, and key socio‐ecological drivers were inconsistent in their ability to explain ES supply and demand mismatches, especially in medium‐high mountain regions. Additionally, we provide valuable spatial planning and ecological management strategies for future socioe‐cological system management on the basis of the results of different regional studies.
Implications of Pea–Barley‐Mixed Cropping on Gross Margin, Root Rot Infestation, and Nitrogen Supply—A Swiss Case Study
Authors: Vonzun Seraina , Schneider Michael , Gfeller Valentin , Hohmann Pierre , Haug Benedikt , Meyer Matthias , Messmer Monika M. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTA growing demand for plant‐based proteins and renewable nitrogen supplies has necessitated an intensification of legume cultivation in Europe. However, the cultivation of grain legumes is inherently exposed to various risks, including lodging and fungal infections. Mixed cropping of pea (Pisum sativum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) presents a promising approach to increase plant‐based protein production while also improving yield stability. We performed a multi‐environment‐mixed cropping comparison with pure pea and pure barley to determine the effects of the cultivation method on root rot resistance, N supply in successive crops, grain yield, and economic performance. While the economic performance was similar for pure pea and mixed cropping, we observed a lower variability of the farmer's gross margin in mixed cropping compared with pure cropping across 3 years and two locations. Especially in seasons with high precipitation, the mixed cropping approach prevented lodging and harvest losses. The N supply in the successive crop was equal or higher in mixed cropping compared with pure pea cropping. No variation in the pea root rot infestation levels was observed between mixed and pure cropping, indicating a general demand for resistance breeding. Our experiment indicated genotype‐specific effects on the gross margin in regard to culture (pure pea and mixed cropping). Leafy genotypes in particular demonstrate substantial performance gains when cultivated in mixed cropping systems. The conclusion is that mixed cropping leads to similarly positive crop rotation nitrogen effects as pure pea cropping, with the advantage of reduced gross margin and yield variability.
(TTTCA)exp Drives the Genotype–Phenotype Correlation and Genetic Anticipation in FCMTE1
Authors: Chen Xinhui , Wang Bo , Xia Haibin , Wang Haotian , Yang Dehao , Chen Miao , Yu Huijun , Zhang Fan , Kang Yixin , Chen Yiling , Jin Nan , Wang Lebo , Liu Peng , Xie Fei , Fu Aisi , Hu Ben , Ouyang Zhiyuan , Wu Sheng , Ding Yao , Ji Junfeng , Wang Shuang , Luo Wei , Cen Zhidong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe pentanucleotide (TTTCA) repeat expansion (exp) insertion, along with the accompanying (TTTTA)exp, causes familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy (FCMTE). The genotype–phenotype correlations and intergenerational instabilities related to (TTTCA)exp and (TTTTA)exp are still unclear.ObjectiveThe aim was to investigate the genotype–phenotype correlations and intergenerational instabilities related to (TTTCA)exp and (TTTTA)exp in FCMTE1.MethodsWe performed targeted long‐read sequencing on 77 FCMTE1 patients. After quality control, metrics such as total repeat count, respective (TTTTA)exp and (TTTCA)exp count, and interruptions were assessed in 73 patients. Correlations between metrics and the patients' clinical features, as well as repeat instability during parental transmission, were analyzed.ResultsAmong 73 alleles, the average total repeat counts were 848 ± 152 units, with (TTTTA)exp and (TTTCA)exp averaging 498 ± 196 units and 356 ± 110 units, respectively. (TTTCA)exp counts were inversely correlated with the age at onset for cortical tremor (Spearman's rho = −0.348, P = 0.005) and epilepsy (Spearman's rho = −0.424, P = 0.003). A negative correlation was found between (TTTCA)exp counts and relatively moderate seizure pattern with prodrome (odds ratio = 0.988, 95% confidence interval: 0.980–0.995, P = 0.002). During parental transmission, (TTTCA)exp counts increased significantly (P = 0.007), with maternal transmission showing a significantly larger increase compared to paternal transmission (P = 0.013).ConclusionThe (TTTCA)exp insertion serves as the length‐dependent pathogenic component within the two‐motif repeat expansion. Its differential expanding nature during parental transmissions is highly associated with the genetic anticipation in FCMTE1. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
A 26‐GHz Low Noise Amplifier With 1.6‐dB Minimum Noise Figure in 0.15‐μm GaN‐on‐SiC Process
Authors: Mao Fengyuan , Chen Zhijian , Li Bin , Wu Zhaohui , Chen Xinhuang , Yang Siyuan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTA 24.8–29.1‐GHz four‐stage gallium nitride (GaN) low noise amplifier (LNA) monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) is presented in this letter which is fabricated in a 0.15‐μm GaN‐on‐SiC process. The proposed GaN LNA utilizes gate/drain bypass networks and source degeneration (SD) to achieve both 0–40‐GHz unconditional stability and broadband simultaneous noise and input matching (SNIM). The measured results show a peak gain of 19.9 dB with a 3‐dB bandwidth of 4.3 GHz and a low noise figure (NF) of 1.58–2.57 dB. The input and output return losses are better than 11 dB and the output‐referred third‐order intercept point (OIP3) is greater than 21 dBm. The presented LNA has a core area of 4.2 mm2 and consumes a power dissipation of 150 mW. Compared with other state‐of‐the‐art GaN LNA designs, the proposed LNA exhibits competitive NF and overall performance.
Proton‐free induction decay MRSI at 7 T in the human brain using an egg‐shaped modified rosette K‐space trajectory
Authors: Blömer Simon , Hingerl Lukas , Marjańska Małgorzata , Bogner Wolfgang , Motyka Stanislav , Hangel Gilbert , Klauser Antoine , Andronesi Ovidiu C. , Strasser Bernhard 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurposeProton (1H)‐MRSI via spatial‐spectral encoding poses high demands on gradient hardware at ultra‐high fields and high‐resolutions. Rosette trajectories help alleviate these problems, but at reduced SNR‐efficiency because of their k‐space densities not matching any desired k‐space filter. We propose modified rosette trajectories, which more closely match a Hamming filter, and thereby improve SNR performance while still staying within gradient hardware limitations and without prolonging scan time.MethodsAnalytical and synthetic simulations were validated with phantom and in vivo measurements at 7 T. The rosette and modified rosette trajectories were measured in five healthy volunteers in 6 min in a 2D slice in the brain. An elliptical phase‐encoding sequence was measured in one volunteer in 22 min, and a 3D sequence was measured in one volunteer within 19 min. The SNR per‐unit‐time, linewidth, Cramer‐Rao lower bounds (CRLBs), lipid contamination, and data quality of the proposed modified rosette trajectory were compared to the rosette trajectory.ResultsUsing the modified rosette trajectories, an improved k‐space weighting function was achieved resulting in an SNR per‐unit‐time increase of up to 12% compared to rosette's and 23% compared to elliptical phase‐encoding, dependent on the two additional trajectory parameters. Similar results were achieved for the theoretical SNR calculation based on k‐space densities, as well as when using the pseudo‐replica method for simulated, in vivo, and phantom data. The CRLBs of γ‐aminobutyric acid and N‐acetylaspartylglutamate improved non‐significantly for the modified rosette trajectory, whereas the linewidths and lipid contamination remained similar.ConclusionBy optimizing the shape of the rosette trajectory, the modified rosette trajectories achieved higher SNR per‐unit‐time and enhanced data quality at the same scan time.