bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Semi-Formalization of the Dynamic Capability View
Authors: Wilden Ralf , Devinney Timothy M. , Lin Nidthida 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSome management scholars doubt the value of the dynamic capability view when compared to existing theories. The concern expressed is often related to unclear definitions of the core construct and the relationship among the components that make up that construct. The end result is potentially confused and conflicting interpretations of empirical findings and non-commensurate measurement. One solution is to formalize core components of the theory at hand. The purpose of this paper is not to discuss or argue for (or against) the theoretical status of the dynamic capability view, but to provide a simple, yet insightful, structured model of its core components. Specifically, this paper takes as its basis the perspective of dynamic capabilities as comprising the sensing, seizing, and reconfiguring processes that are deployed to create a resource base aimed at satisfying evolving market demand; it presents a simple but formal way of characterizing its components.
Raw Materials, Technology, and Innovation
Authors: Gebhard Rupert 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The ascendancy of iron as the main metal in Iron Age Europe was accompanied by important innovations in the working and manufacture of many other raw materials, both inorganic and organic, from salt to stone. In many areas, traditional small-scale processing for domestic use gave way to mass production for a wider market. This was made possible by the mastery of high-temperature processes and the introduction of new techniques, among them the fast potter’s wheel, double-chambered kilns for pottery firing, and soldering. Cooperation between craftworkers specializing in different trades was often the basis for new products and developments. At the same time, intensification of contacts and trade with the Mediterranean world introduced not only new materials, such as glass and enamel, but also standardized size and weight systems, and coinage. Many new types of artefact are found for the first time, including tools, and musical and medical instruments.
Wealth, Status, and Occupation Groups
Authors: Moore Tom 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Exploring the nature of status and the role of individuals in society is central to understanding social organization. This chapter critically examines current models of how wealth and status were expressed and maintained in Iron Age Europe, and considers evidence for the existence of occupation groups, classes, and specialists. Topics examined include links between status and display of wealth in votive deposition and richly adorned burials, the roles of feasting, conspicuous consumption, and monumentality, and how these may reflect hierarchical or heterarchical forms of social organization. The period saw increasing evidence for specialist roles in spheres such as craftworking, production, mining, and exchange, as well as in ritual and warfare. Some Iron Age communities, however, lacked obvious social specialism and the archaeological evidence points to small-scale modes of household production. Links between gender, age, status, and social roles are also explored.
Indigenous Communities under Rome
Authors: Rogers Adam 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This chapter focuses on a number of specific themes that can help us understand the nature of continuities of traditional Iron Age practices following Roman conquest, the development of complex mixed identities, discrepant experiences, and life after Roman rule. The chapter looks first at the historiographical context and complexities of studies of Europe under Rome, including previous models of ‘Romanization’, and the contribution of figures such as Theodor Mommsen, Camille Jullian, and Francis Haverfield. Examples of archaeological material from provinces across Europe are then explored in detail, including settlement, buildings, and social space; geography and landscape; religion and ritual; death and burial; and industry, craft activity, and material culture.
Gender and Society
Authors: Pope Rachel 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This chapter examines the relationship between Iron Age gender and society, viewed from the mortuary evidence. It distinguishes an early Iron Age masculine west, an increasingly female-authored salt trade, and a generation of mobility (620–580 BC) ushering in new social forms. Discussing recent work on gender identities, the relationship between daggers and swords is examined. Linked, gendered lineages are identified—increasingly male-authored, and opulent, with Greek connections, in south-west Germany; alongside female authority in eastern France. Beginning in Germany, male-authored violence is attested (550–450 BC, aligning with Livy), followed by radical social change (400–350 BC), as disproportionate deposition signifies the ritual end to Hallstatt traditions; alongside development of martial, ‘egalitarian’ La Tène communities. Sex was a common, divergent, structuring principle in regional Hallstatt C–D societies. Further, a reading for gender in the texts reveals differences between western European Iron Age and late classical Mediterranean gender norms.
Animals and Animal Husbandry
Authors: Groot Maaike 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This chapter gives a short overview of animal husbandry in Iron Age Europe. In this largely agrarian society, people depended on animals for food, transport, and labour. Although animal husbandry shows a high degree of variety, related to differences in climate, geography, and the complexity of society, broad geographical patterns are apparent in the proportions of different species, with cattle dominant on most sites in north-western Europe and sheep/goat at most Mediterranean sites. In some regions, communities were self-sufficient, while others included proto-urban sites and sanctuaries, which had to be supplied with food and sacrificial animals. Hunting was of little importance in terms of contribution to the diet, although an exception is found in eastern Spain. Animals not only played a vital role in the agrarian economy, but were also important in rituals, such as deposits in houses and funerary ritual, and animal sacrifice in sanctuaries.
Midwifery and Maternity Care for Single Mothers in Eighteenth-Century Wales
Authors: Muir Angela Joy 
Published: September 2018

Summary
The history of childbirth in England has gained increasing momentum, but no studies have been carried out for Wales, and therefore the nature of childbirth in early modern Wales remains largely unknown. This article seeks to redress this imbalance in two ways: First, by examining Welsh parish, court and ecclesiastical records for evidence of those who attended parturient women. This evidence demonstrates that Welsh midwives were not a homogeneous group who shared a common status and experience, but were a diverse mix of practitioners drawn from a range of socioeconomic backgrounds. Secondly, by assessing the care these practitioners provided to some of the most marginalised in Welsh society: unmarried pregnant women. Parish resources were limited, and poor law provision often covered only what was considered absolutely necessary. Analysis of what was deemed essential for the safe delivery of illegitimate infants provides a revealing glimpse of to the ‘ceremony of childbirth’ in eighteenth-century Wales.
Quantifying blood flow dynamics during cardiac development: demystifying computational methods
Authors: Courchaine Katherine , Rugonyi Sandra 
Published: September 2018

Blood flow conditions (haemodynamics) are crucial for proper cardiovascular development. Indeed, blood flow induces biomechanical adaptations and mechanotransduction signalling that influence cardiovascular growth and development during embryonic stages and beyond. Altered blood flow conditions are a hallmark of congenital heart disease, and disrupted blood flow at early embryonic stages is known to lead to congenital heart malformations. In spite of this, many of the mechanisms by which blood flow mechanics affect cardiovascular development remain unknown. This is due in part to the challenges involved in quantifying blood flow dynamics and the forces exerted by blood flow on developing cardiovascular tissues. Recent technologies, however, have allowed precise measurement of blood flow parameters and cardiovascular geometry even at early embryonic stages. Combined with computational fluid dynamics techniques, it is possible to quantify haemodynamic parameters and their changes over development, which is a crucial step in the quest for understanding the role of mechanical cues on heart and vascular formation. This study summarizes some fundamental aspects of modelling blood flow dynamics, with a focus on three-dimensional modelling techniques, and discusses relevant studies that are revealing the details of blood flow and their influence on cardiovascular development.
This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Mechanics of development’.
Changes in mangrove tree mortality, forest canopy, and aboveground biomass accumulation rates following the 2017 hurricane season in Puerto Rico and the role of urbanization
Authors: Branoff Benjamin L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMangrove ecosystem responses to tropical cyclones have been well documented over the last half a century, resulting in repeated measures of tree mortality, aboveground biomass reduction, and recovery by species, size, and geomorphology. However, no studies have investigated the role of urbanization in mangrove hurricane resistance and resilience, despite increasing urbanization of tropical shorelines. This study gauges the initial response and short-term recovery of Puerto Rico’s mangroves along well defined and quantified urban gradients following the 2017 hurricane season. Survival probability of tagged trees decreased with time, and the mean mortality across all sites was 22% after eleven months. Mean canopy closure loss was 51% one month after the hurricanes, and closure rates also decreased with time following the storms. Aboveground biomass accumulation decreased by 3.5 kg yr-1per tree, corresponding to a reduction of 4.5 Mg ha-1yr-1at the stand level. One year later, the mangroves have recovered to 72% canopy closure and to nearly 60% of their pre-storm growth rates. No connection to urbanization could be detected in the measured dynamics. Instead, species, size and geomorphology were found to play a role. Larger trees suffered 25% more mortality than smaller size classes, andLaguncularia racemosasuffered 11% less mortality than other species. Hydro-geomorphology was also found to play a role, with forests in tidally restricted canals experiencing more canopy loss but faster recovery than open embayment systems. These findings suggest size, species, and geomorphology are important in mangrove resistance and resilience to tropical storms, and that urbanization does not play a role. Managing mangrove ecosystems for optimal shoreline protection will depend upon knowing which forests are at greatest risk in a future of increasing urbanization.
The design, analysis and application of mouse clinical trials in oncology drug development
Authors: Guo Sheng , Jiang Xiaoqian , Mao Binchen , Li Qi-Xiang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMouse clinical trials (MCTs) are becoming widely used in pre-clinical oncology drug development. In this study, we provide some general guidelines on the design, analysis and application of MCTs. We first established empirical quantitative relationships between mouse number and measurement accuracy for both categorical and continuous efficacy endpoints, and showed that more mice are needed to achieve given accuracy for syngeneic models than for PDXs and CDXs. There is considerable disagreement between categorical methods on calling drug responses as objective response, indicating limitations of such approaches. We then introduced linear mixed models, or LMMs, to describe MCTs as clustered longitudinal studies, which explicitly model growth and drug response heterogeneities across mouse models and among mice within a mouse model. Several case studies were used to demonstrate the advantages of LMMs in discovering biomarkers and exploring a drug’s mechanism of action. We also introduced the additive frailty models to perform survival analysis on MCTs, which more accurately estimate hazard ratios by modeling the clustered population structures in MCTs. We performed computational simulations for LMMs and frailty models to generate statistical power curves, and showed that statistical power is close for designs with similar total number of mice at given drug efficacy. Finally, we explained how MCTs can explain discrepant results in clinical trials, hence, MCTs are more than preclinical versions of clinical trials but possess their unique values. Results in the report will make MCTs a better tool for oncology drug development.
A Local Measure of Symmetry and Orientation for Individual Spikes of Grid Cells
Authors: Weber Simon N. , Sprekeler Henning 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTGrid cells have attracted broad attention because of their highly symmetric hexagonal firing patterns. Recently, research has shifted its focus from the global symmetry of grid cell activity to local distortions both in space and time, such as drifts in orientation, local defects of the hexagonal symmetry, and the decay and reappearance of grid patterns after changes in lighting condition. Here, we introduce a method that allows to visualize and quantify such local distortions, by assigning both a local grid score and a local orientation to each individual spike of a neuronal recording. The score is inspired by a standard measure from crystallography, which has been introduced to quantify local order in crystals. By averaging over spikes recorded within arbitrary regions or time periods, we can quantify local variations in symmetry and orientation of firing patterns in both space and time.
An ATF4-mediated transcriptional adaptation of electron transport chain disturbance primes progenitor cells for proliferation in vivo
Authors: Sorge Sebastian , Theelke Jonas , Altbürger Christian , Lohmann Ingrid 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTThe mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) enables many important metabolic reactions, like ATP generation and redox balance. While the vital importance of mitochondrial function is obvious, the cellular response to defects in mitochondria and in particular the modulation of signalling pathway outputs is not understood. Using the Drosophila eye as model, we show that the combination of Notch signalling and a mild attenuation of the ETC via knock-down of COX7a causes massive cellular over-proliferation. The tumour like growth is caused by a transcriptional response through the eIF2α-kinase PERK and ATF4, a stress-induced transcription factor, which activates the expression of many metabolic enzymes, nutrient transporters and mitochondrial chaperones. We find this stress adaptation to be beneficial for progenitor cell fitness upon ETC attenuation. Activation of the ATF4 mediated stress response renders cells sensitive to proliferation induced by the growth-promoting Notch or Ras signalling pathways, leading to severe tissue over-growth. In sum, our results suggest ETC function is monitored by the PERK-ATF4 pathway, a cellular adaptation hijacked by growth-promoting signalling pathways in situations of oncogenic pathway activity.
The financial crisis as a wake-up call: corporate governance and bank performance in an emerging economy
Authors: Orazalin Nurlan , Mahmood Monowar 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the effects of different sets of corporate governance (CG) practices on bank performance before, during and after the financial crisis. The study proposes some policy measures for improved CG practices to protect banks from the detrimental effects of future financial crises and economic meltdowns in the context of emerging markets such as Kazakhstan.

Design/methodology/approach
The study analyses data from all commercial banks listed in Kazakhstan Stock Exchange for the pre-economic crisis, during the crisis and after the economic crisis periods. The study uses the panel regression model to control unobserved time-constant heterogeneity.

Findings
The study found that better CG practices led to better operating performance of the banks after the financial crisis periods. The changes in CG codes, board structures, disclosure requirements and board members’ competencies over time had a significant influence on CG practices and subsequently improved operating performance of the banks.

Originality/value
This is one of the first studies to examine the effects of CG practices on bank performance in central Asian transition economies, which are still heavily influenced by Soviet heritage and legacy.
Constraints and possibilities in the thrown togetherness of feeding the family
Authors: Epp Amber M. , Price Linda L. 
Published: September 2018

PurposeMacro-social disruptions and evolutions open up new possibilities for feeding the family. This paper aims to review prior constraints imposed by the gendered history of care work as part of the moral economy, with particular focus on how food traditions and routines reproduce family relations.Design/methodology/approachAn assemblage perspective provides an appropriate theoretical lens to trace such emergent reconfigurations.FindingsThe paper takes as its focus three macro shifts with the potential to incite more and less intentional changes to the realities of feeding the family: changes in home life and organization of care, dads’ participation in feeding the family and innovation in food systems.Research limitations/implicationsTheoretical contributions reveal how shifting macro-social structures constrain and shape trajectories for the work of feeding the family.Practical implicationsPractical implications focus on how creative family members, marketers and policymakers influence arrangements, capacities and practices of family life.Originality/valueThis commentary brings an assemblage view of family life that proposes potential lines of flight when considering macro-context shifts, with particular attention to the relationship between food and family.
Factors of mobile library user behavioral intention from the perspective of information ecology
Authors: Wang Xiwei , Yang Mengqing , Li Jiaxing , Wang Nanaxue 
Published: September 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to analyze the factors of the mobile library users’ attitude and behavioral intention from the perspective of information ecology. The research results could serve as a reference for the improvement of the mobile library services.Design/methodology/approachA model was constructed of the mobile library users’ attitude and behavioral intention with three external variables, namely, information quality, information environment and information technology, abstracted from the theory of information ecology. The influences of the three ecological factors were explored with empirical research and structural equation model.FindingsResults showed that information quality, information environment and information technology had positive and significant effects on users’ attitude, among which the influence coefficient of information environment was the largest. Information technology and users’ attitude had positive and significant effects on the behavioral intention of users. This new theoretical perspective for research on the users’ mobile library behavior might have a positive role in promoting the development of mobile libraries.Practical implicationsThis study suggests that the mobile library can improve the service mode in three aspects, namely, information quality, information environment and information technology to enhance the intention to use.Originality/valueA theoretical model of the mobile library users’ behavioral intention is constructed from the perspective of information ecology. It can not only provide solid theoretical guidance for research on mobile libraries but also broaden the application of information ecology theory.
How relationship attributes affect bank customers’ saving
Authors: Eriksson Kent , Hermansson Cecilia 
Published: September 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine how three relational attributes – duration, context and trust – are subjectively perceived by bank customers, and how these affect their saving behavior, as defined by monthly flows to mutual funds and the financial products bought and held in stock.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use a combination of unique bank register and subjective survey data, and a structural equation model for theory development. Four constructs are developed to estimate the structural model, i.e. saving behavior, duration, context and trust.FindingsThe authors find that all three relational attributes have positive effects on saving behavior. The authors also find that duration and context have the largest total effects, and that trust is a mediating variable channeling indirect effects from context and duration to saving behavior.Practical implicationsOne implication for bank managers is that it takes time and understanding of customer context to gain customer trust, but that this increases customer savings. Another implication is that the authors confirm that relational attributes can be studied using subjective measures in surveys, and that these have an effect on objective savings behavior. The findings provide an understanding that could develop both the customer’s value and the banks’ business opportunities.Originality/valueThe impact of relationships between bank advisors and their customers in terms of costs and benefits has been studied, but a little research has focused on the attributes of the relationship and how these affect customers’ saving behavior. The study also uses unique objective bank register data, combined with customers’ subjective perceptions of the relationship.