bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liar, liar: Consistent lying decreases belief in the truth
Authors: Polage Danielle C. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryThis study investigated the effects of lying on belief ratings for autobiographical childhood events. Participants lied by trying to convince the experimenter that likely events had not happened and that unlikely events had happened. Participants consistently lied, consistently told the truth, and alternated lying and truth telling across two sessions. Results showed that consistent false assents increased belief in those false events and that consistent false denials decreased belief in those true events. False denials had a larger influence on belief than did false assents. False assents that were told first were more likely to increase in belief than were false assents told in the second session. False denials decreased belief in the true event regardless of when they were told. These results suggest that lying influences confidence ratings both by increasing belief in a lied‐about event and by decreasing belief in a true event.
Disruption of writing by background speech: Does sound source location and number of voices matter?
Authors: Keus van de Poll Marijke , Sjödin Louise , Nilsson Mats E. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryIt is not unusual that people have to write in an environment where background speech is present. Background speech can vary in both speech intelligibility and location of the sound source. Earlier research has shown disruptive effects of background speech on writing performance. To expand and reinforce this knowledge, the present study investigated the role of number of voices and sound source location in the relation between background speech and writing performance. Participants wrote texts in quiet or in background speech consisting of one or seven voices talking simultaneously located in front of or behind them. Overall, one voice was more disruptive than seven voices talking simultaneously. Self‐reports showed that sound from the front was more disruptive compared with sound from behind. Results are in line with theory of interference‐by‐process, attentional capture, and the cross‐modal theory of attention. The relevance of the results for open‐office environments is discussed.
Do seductive details do their damage in the context of graph comprehension? Insights from eye movements
Authors: Strobel Benjamin , Grund Simon , Lindner Marlit Annalena 
Published: November 2018

SummaryIn educational research, interesting but irrelevant materials are often considered seductive details, which are suspected to have detrimental effects on learning. Although seductive details have been mostly examined in the context of text comprehension, such elements are also used in graphs (e.g., depicting data points). In the present experiment, we investigated both seductive text and seductive pictures in the context of graph comprehension as well as the interaction of seductive details with spatial working memory capacity (SWMC). We recordedN = 68 students' eye movements, while they analyzed bar graphs in a within‐subject design. Data were analyzed with linear mixed‐effects models. Results show that seductive details did not affect students' graph reading performance but prolonged the task processing time. Eye‐fixation measures revealed that additional processing time was best explained by attention distraction towards the seductive material. SWMC did not affect the presence or the extent of the seductive details effect.
Electroactive Soft Photonic Devices for the Synesthetic Perception of Color and Sound
Authors: Kim Do Yoon , Choi Sunglok , Cho Hyesung , Sun Jeong‐Yun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractColor, as perceived through the eye, transcends mere information in the visible range of electromagnetism and serves as an agent for communication and entertainment. Mechanochromic systems have thus far only aimed at satisfying the sense of vision and have overlooked the possibility of generating acoustic vibrations in concert with their visual color responses that would enable the simultaneous satisfaction of the auditory system. Transcending the boundaries of the two senses (i.e., sound and color), herein a strategy for their concurrent and synesthetic fulfillment is elucidated by electrically actuating an organogel photonic device, controlled by a single input signal. This new class of devices that integrate a color module with a speaker is fabricated from a mechanochromic layer that comprises close‐packed photonic lattice with an organogel matrix pervading the void fraction. Exploiting a dielectric elastomer actuator, the system's mechanical response permits the simultaneous, yet independent, exploration of visible‐light reflection alongside audible sound‐wave generation. Large areal strains at low frequencies of actuation tune the photonic stop‐band, whereas the layer remains incompressible and exhibits negligible strain when actuated at higher frequencies (e.g., tens of Hz), thereby making it amenable to modulate sound and color simultaneously yet independently.
Ultrasensitive 2D Bi2O2Se Phototransistors on Silicon Substrates
Authors: Fu Qundong , Zhu Chao , Zhao Xiaoxu , Wang Xingli , Chaturvedi Apoorva , Zhu Chao , Wang Xiaowei , Zeng Qingsheng , Zhou Jiadong , Liu Fucai , Tay Beng Kang , Zhang Hua , Pennycook Stephen J. , Liu Zheng 
Published: November 2018

Abstract2D materials are considered as intriguing building blocks for next‐generation optoelectronic devices. However, their photoresponse performance still needs to be improved for practical applications. Here, ultrasensitive 2D phototransistors are reported employing chemical vapor deposition (CVD)‐grown 2D Bi2O2Se transferred onto silicon substrates with a noncorrosive transfer method. The as‐transferred Bi2O2Se preserves high quality in contrast to the serious quality degradation in hydrofluoric‐acid‐assisted transfer. The phototransistors show a responsivity of 3.5 × 104 A W−1, a photoconductive gain of more than 104, and a time response in the order of sub‐millisecond. With back gating of the silicon substrate, the dark current can be reduced to several pA. This yields an ultrahigh sensitivity with a specific detectivity of 9.0 × 1013 Jones, which is one of the highest values among 2D material photodetectors and two orders of magnitude higher than that of other CVD‐grown 2D materials. The high performance of the phototransistor shown here together with the developed unique transfer technique are promising for the development of novel 2D‐material‐based optoelectronic applications as well as integrating with state‐of‐the‐art silicon photonic and electronic technologies.
Photoredox‐Initiated 1,2‐Difunctionalization of Alkenes with N‐Chloro S‐Fluoroalkyl Sulfoximines
Authors: Prieto Alexis , Diter Patrick , Toffano Martial , Hannedouche Jérôme , Magnier Emmanuel 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe describe herein the photoredox‐initiated 1,2‐difunctionalization of alkene derivatives with N‐chloro S‐fluoroalkyl sulfoximines yielding novel fluoroalkyl sulfoximine scaffolds. The reaction is proposed to proceed through an atom‐transfer radical addition (ATRA) mechanism involving the generation of fluorinated nitrogen‐centered sulfoximidoyl radicals.magnified image
Cycloaddition of Carbon Dioxide to Epoxides for the Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates with a Mixed Catalyst of Layered Double Hydroxide and Tetrabutylammonium Bromide at Ambient Temperature
Authors: Chen Yanglin , Xu Ping , Arai Masahiko , Sun Jianmin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA series of nickel‐aluminium, cobalt‐aluminium and zinc‐aluminum layered double hydroxides were synthesized by urea hydrolysis (UH) and reverse micelle (RM) methods and then applied for the cycloaddition of carbon dioxide to propylene oxide (PO) under solvent‐free and ambient conditions. The most efficient catalyst was zinc‐aluminum layered double hydroxide prepared by RM (denoted as ZnAl‐RM) and it showed, in the presence of a co‐catalyst of tetrabutylammonium bromide, 96% propylene carbonate (PC) yield in 12 h at 25 °C and 1 MPa carbon dioxide. It is noteworthy for the same catalyst system that 74% PC yield was achieved in 24 h at room temperature (about 25 °C) and atmospheric carbon dioxide pressure. The high catalytic performance of the ZnAl‐RM and tetrabutylammonium bromide system should result from cooperative effects between zinc ion and bromine ion. Moreover, the ZnAl‐RM and tetrabutylammonium bromide system showed excellent versatility, which was also an active catalyst to the transformation of carbon dioxide and other epoxides into corresponding cyclic carbonates under mild temperature and pressure conditions.magnified image
All Hierarchical Core–Shell Heterostructures as Novel Binder‐Free Electrode Materials for Ultrahigh‐Energy‐Density Wearable Asymmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Li Qiulong , Zhang Qichong , Sun Juan , Liu Chenglong , Guo Jiabin , He Bing , Zhou Zhenyu , Man Ping , Li Chaowei , Xie Liyan , Yao Yagang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHigh‐performance fiber‐shaped energy‐storage devices are indispensable for the development of portable and wearable electronics. Composite pseudocapacitance materials with hierarchical core–shell heterostructures hold great potential for the fabrication of high‐performance asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs). However, few reports concerning the assembly of fiber‐shaped ASCs (FASCs) using cathode/anode materials with all hierarchical core–shell heterostructures are available. Here, cobalt‐nickel‐oxide@nickel hydroxide nanowire arrays (NWAs) and titanium nitride@vanadium nitride NWAs are constructed skillfully with all hierarchical core–shell heterostructures directly grown on carbon nanotube fibers and are shown to exhibit ultrahigh capacity and specific capacitance, respectively. The specific features and outstanding electrochemical performances of the electrode materials are exploited to fabricate an FASC device with a maximum working voltage of 1.6 V, and this device exhibits a high specific capacitance of 109.4 F cm−3 (328.3 mF cm−2) and excellent energy density of 36.0 mWh cm−3 (108.1 µWh cm−2). This work therefore provides a strategy for constructing all hierarchical core–shell heterostructured cathode and anode materials with ultrahigh capacity for the fabrication of next‐generation wearable energy‐storage devices.
Opportunities of Covalent Organic Frameworks for Advanced Applications
Authors: Song Yanpei , Sun Qi , Aguila Briana , Ma Shengqian 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) are an emerging class of functional nanostructures with intriguing properties, due to their unprecedented combination of high crystallinity, tunable pore size, large surface area, and unique molecular architecture. The range of properties characterized in COFs has rapidly expanded to include those of interest for numerous applications ranging from energy to environment. Here, a background overview is provided, consisting of a brief introduction of porous materials and the design feature of COFs. Then, recent advancements of COFs as a designer platform for a plethora of applications are emphasized together with discussions about the strategies and principles involved. Finally, challenges remaining for this type material for real applications are outlined.
Polycarbazole‐Sorted Semiconducting Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Incorporation into Organic Thin Film Transistors
Authors: Rice Nicole A. , Bodnaryk William J. , Mirka Brendan , Melville Owen A. , Adronov Alex , Lessard Benoît H. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe realization of organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) with performances that support low‐cost and large‐area fabrication remains an important and challenging topic of investigation. The unique electrical properties of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) make them promising building blocks for next generation electronic devices. Significant advances in the enrichment of semiconducting SWNTs, particularly via π‐conjugated polymers for purification and dispersal, have allowed the preparation of high‐performance OTFTs on a small scale. The intimate interaction of the conjugated polymer with both SWNTs and the dielectric necessitates the investigation of a variety of conjugated polymer derivatives for device optimization. Here, the preparation of polymer–SWNT composites containing carbazole moieties, a monomer unit that has remained relatively overlooked for the dispersal of large‐diameter semiconducting SWNTs, is reported. This polymer selectively discriminates semiconducting SWNTs using a facile procedure. OTFTs prepared from these supramolecular complexes are ambipolar, and possess superior mobilities and on/off ratios compared to homo poly(fluorene) dispersions, with hole mobilities from random‐network devices reaching 21 cm2 V−1 s−1. Atomic force microscopy measurements suggest the poly(carbazole)–SWNT composites form more uniform thin films compared to the poly(fluorene) dispersion. Additionally, treating the silicon dioxide dielectric with octyltrichlorosilane is a simple and effective way to reduce operational hysteresis in SWNT OTFTs.
Destination Critical Care: A Roadmap for Academic Clinicians, Educators, and Mentors
Authors: Hoffman Jean M. W. , Mayer Katherine 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to provide a framework for academic clinicians, educators, and mentors to advise the emergency medicine (EM) resident with an interest in the field of critical care medicine. Prior articles have detailed the prerequisites and specific training curricula of the distinct critical care pathways, but an approach for the advising faculty member in this climate of increased interest in critical care training has yet to be disseminated. In this article, we assume a starting point of EM residency and focus on pivotal training and decision points that occur along the path to matriculation into a critical care fellowship program. These decision points are described in stepwise fashion with aligned questions to help the EM resident evaluate individual strengths and desires that may help the decision‐making process. We also describe considerations of the postfellowship job market, as this also plays a role in the fellowship decision‐making process.
Faculty Assessment of Emergency Medicine Resident Grit: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Olson Nathan , Olson Adriana Segura , Williamson Kelly , Hartman Nicholas , Branzetti Jeremy , Lank Patrick ,   the Emergency Medicine Education Research Alliance (EMERA)
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundAssessment of trainees’ competency is challenging; the predictive power of traditional evaluations is debatable especially in regard to noncognitive traits. New assessments need to be sought to better understand affective areas like personality. Grit, defined as “perseverance and passion for long‐term goals,” can assess aspects of personality. Grit predicts educational attainment and burnout rates in other populations and is accurate with an informant report version. Self‐assessments, while useful, have inherent limitations. Faculty's ability to accurately assess trainees’ grit could prove helpful in identifying learner needs and avenues for further development.ObjectiveThis study sought to determine the correlation between EM resident self‐assessed and faculty‐assessed Grit Scale (Grit‐S) scores of that same resident.MethodsSubjects were PGY‐1 to ‐4 EM residents and resident‐selected faculty as part of a larger multicenter trial involving 10 EM residencies during 2017. The Grit‐S Scale was administered to participating EM residents; an informant version was completed by their self‐selected faculty. Correlation coefficients were computed to assess the relationship between residents’ self‐assessed and the residents’ faculty‐assessed Grit‐S score.ResultsA total of 281 of 303 residents completed the Grit‐S, for a 93% response rate; 200 of 281 residents had at least one faculty‐assessed Grit‐S score. No correlation was found between residents’ self‐assessed and faculty‐assessed Grit‐S scores. There was a correlation between the two faculty‐assessed Grit‐S scores for the same resident.ConclusionThere was no correlation between resident and faculty‐assessed Grit‐S scores; additionally, faculty‐assessed Grit‐S scores of residents were higher. This corroborates the challenges faculty face at accurately assessing aspects of residents they supervise. While faculty and resident Grit‐S scores did not show significant concordance, grit may still be a useful predictive personality trait that could help shape future training.
Changes in health‐related quality of life with long‐term eltrombopag treatment in adults with persistent/chronic immune thrombocytopenia: Findings from the EXTEND study
Authors: Khelif Abderrahim , Saleh Mansoor N. , Salama Abdulgabar , Portella Maria do Socorro O. , Duh Mei Sheng , Ivanova Jasmina , Grotzinger Kelly , Roy Anuja N. , Bussel James B. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPatients with persistent/chronic immune thrombocytopenia (cITP) have low platelet counts, increased risk of bleeding and bruising, and often suffer from reduced health‐related quality of life (HRQoL). cITP treatments may either improve HRQoL by increasing platelet counts or decrease it because of side effects. The open‐label EXTEND study (June 2006 to July 2015) evaluated long‐term safety, tolerability, and efficacy of eltrombopag (an oral thrombopoietin‐receptor‐agonist) in adults with cITP who completed a previous eltrombopag ITP trial. The final results of EXTEND were published and used to assess changes in patient‐reported HRQoL over time and association between HRQoL and platelet response. Four validated HRQoL instruments were administered: SF‐36v2 including physical component summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary; Motivation and Energy Inventory Short Form (MEI‐SF); Fatigue Subscale of FACIT (FACIT‐Fatigue); and FACT‐Thrombocytopenia Subscale Six‐Item Extract (FACT‐Th6). For the 302 patients enrolled, median duration of eltrombopag treatment was 2.37 years. All 4 HRQoL instruments demonstrated positive mean changes from baseline over time adjusted for patient baseline characteristics and rescue therapy use, and had positive association with platelet response (platelet count ≥30 × 109/L; ≥50 × 109/L; and ≥50 × 109/L and >2 times baseline). Improvements from baseline started within 3 months and persisted through 5 years of treatment for FACIT‐Fatigue and FACT‐Th6 (P <.05 for nearly all time points); through 2.5 years for SF‐36v2 PCS and less consistently for the MEI‐SF. In conclusion, in addition to eltrombopag increasing platelet counts and reducing bleeding/bruising, it also alleviated fatigue, concerns about bleeding and bruising, and improved physical function in many patients, especially responders.
Identification of the first Crocodylus siamensis cathelicidin gene and RN15 peptide derived from cathelin domain exhibiting antibacterial activity
Authors: Tankrathok Anupong , Punpad Arpaporn , Kongchaiyapoom Monrudee , Sosiangdi Sirinthip , Jangpromma Nisachon , Daduang Sakda , Klaynongsruang Sompong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCathelicidins are effector molecules of vertebrate immunity that play vital roles against microbial invasion. They are widely identified in mammals, but few have been reported in Crocodilians, which are considered to be species with a powerful immune system. In the present study, we identified and characterized a novel cathelicidin from the blood of the Siamese crocodile, Crocodylus siamensis. A cDNA sequence (501 base pair) encoded a predicted 166‐residue prepropeptide of C. siamensis cathelicidin (Cs‐CATH), which comprised a 21‐residue signal peptide, a 109‐residue cathelin domain, and a 36‐residue mature cathelicidin peptide. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that Cs‐CATH shared a high degree of similarity with other crocodilian cathelicidins. Joint consideration of elastase cleavage site, physicochemical properties, and predicted secondary structure demonstrated that RN15 peptide is a candidate antimicrobial peptide derived from Cs‐CATH. The synthetic RN15 peptide demonstrates antimicrobial activity against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. Scanning electron microscopy illustrated RN15‐peptide‐induced bacteria cells exhibited morphological change. Besides, RN15 peptide demonstrates low hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes and low cytotoxic activity against normal human dermal fibroblasts. This is the first cathelicidin identified from C. siamensis, and it is highlighted that its derived peptide from cathelin domain promises potent novel peptide antibiotics templates.
Methylphenidate promotes the interaction between motor cortex facilitation and attention in healthy adults: A combined study using event‐related potentials and transcranial magnetic stimulation
Authors: Berger Christoph , Müller‐Godeffroy Juliane , Marx Ivo , Reis Olaf , Buchmann Johannes , Dück Alexander 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigated simultaneously the impact of methylphenidate (MPH) on the interaction of inhibitory and facilitative pathways in regions processing motor and cognitive functions.MethodNeural markers of attention and response control (event‐related potentials) and motor cortical excitability (transcranial magnetic stimulation) and their pharmacological modulation by MPH were measured simultaneously in a sample of healthy adults (n = 31) performing a cued choice reaction test.ResultsMethylphenidate modulated attentional gating and response preparation processes (increased contingent negative variation) and response inhibition (increased nogo P3). N1, cue‐ and go‐P3 were not affected by MPH. Motor cortex facilitation, measured with long‐interval cortical facilitation, was increased under MPH in the nogo condition and was positively correlated with the P3 amplitude.ConclusionMethylphenidate seems particularly to enhance response preparation processes. The MPH‐induced increased motor cortex facilitation during inhibitory task demands was accompanied by increased terminal response inhibition control, probably as a compensatory process.
Insights into the Base‐Assisted Acrylate Formation from CO2/C2H4 Coupling by Pd‐ and Ni‐catalyst: A DFT Mechanistic Study
Authors: Li Yuanhui , Liu Zhen , Zhang Jialong , Cheng Ruihua , Liu Boping 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this work, seven base‐assisted reaction paths were designed focusing on the rate‐determining metallalactone deprotonation process to further promote our understanding on nickel‐ and palladium‐catalyzed acrylate formation by CO2/C2H4 coupling in the presence of bases. The deprotonation efficiency of the bases was in accordance to the corresponding basicity, with stronger bases showing higher activity. Besides, a novel two‐step β‐H elimination mechanism through directly deprotonating the β‐H agostic intermediate formed from the metallalactone cleavage proved to be most promising in both the nickel and palladium systems. Whereas the literature‐suggested direct β‐H elimination of the distorted five‐membered ring was relatively inferior. Meanwhile, the high H‐rotation energy barriers hindered the emerging of the cation‐stabilized four‐membered lactone. The effects of the ligand properties appeared to be different in the nickel and palladium systems, since the dcpe (1,2‐bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)ethane) ligand facilitated the Pd‐catalyzed β‐H elimination yet showed minute influence in the Ni‐system. In addition, the palladium center was more active than the nickel center under bulky environment during the base‐assisted β‐H elimination, while the nickel center behaved better in less hindered surroundings, owning to the high sensitivity of the nickel center towards the steric factor.