bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Injectable osteogenic microtissues containing mesenchymal stromal cells conformally fill and repair critical-size defects
Authors: Annamalai Ramkumar T. , Hong Xiaowei , Schott Nicholas , Benjamin Levi Gopinath Tiruchinapally , Stegemann Jan P. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRepair of complex fractures with bone loss requires a potent, space-filling intervention to promote regeneration of bone. We present a minimally-invasive strategy combining mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) with a chitosan-collagen matrix to form modular microtissues designed for delivery through a needle to conformally fill cavital defects. Implantation of microtissues into a calvarial defect in the mouse showed that osteogenically pre-differentiated MSC resulted in complete bridging of the cavity, while undifferentiated MSC produced mineralized tissue only in apposition to native bone. Decreasing the implant volume reduced bone regeneration, while increasing the MSC concentration also attenuated bone formation, suggesting that the cell-matrix ratio is important in achieving a robust response. Conformal filling of the defect with microtissues in a carrier gel resulted in complete healing. Taken together, these results show that modular microtissues can be used to augment the differentiated function of MSC and provide an extracellular environment that potentiates bone repair.
Multivariate methods for testing hypotheses of temporal community dynamics
Authors: Buckley Hannah L. , Day Nicola J. , Case Bradley S. , Lear Gavin , Ellison Aaron M. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTFor ecological research to make important contributions towards understanding and managing temporally-variable global change processes, such as responses to land-use and climatic change, we must have effective and comparable ways to quantify and analyse compositional change over time in biological communities. These changes are the sum of local colonisation and extinction events, or changes in the biomass and relative abundance of taxa within and among samples. We conducted a quantitative review of currently available methods for the analysis of multivariate datasets collected at temporal intervals. This review identified the need for the application of quantitative, hypothesis-based approaches to understand temporal change in community composition, particularly for small datasets with less than 15 temporal replicates. To address this gap, we: (1) conceptually present how temporal patterns in community dynamics can be framed as specific, testable hypotheses; (2) provide three fully-worked case-studies, complete with R code, demonstrating multivariate analysis methods for temporal hypothesis testing and pattern visualisation; and (3) present a road map for testing specific, quantitative hypotheses relating to the underlying mechanisms of temporal community dynamics.
Infer related genes from large scale gene expression dataset with embedding
Authors: Choy Chi Tung , Wong Chi Hang , Chan Stephen Lam 
Published: July 2018

AbstractArtificial neural networks (ANNs) have been utilized for classification and prediction task with remarkable accuracy. However, its implications for unsupervised data mining using molecular data is under-explored. We adopted a method of unsupervised ANN, namely word embedding, to extract biologically relevant information from TCGA gene expression dataset. Ground truth relationship, such as cancer types of the input sample and semantic meaning of genes, were showed to retain in the resulting entity matrices. We also demonstrated the interpretability and usage of these matrices in shortlisting candidates from a long gene list. This method is feasible to mine big volume of biological data, and would be a valuable tool to discover novel knowledge from omics data. The resulting embedding matrices mined from TCGA gene expression data are interactively explorable online (http://bit.ly/tcga-embedding-cancer) and could serve as an informative reference.
A new model explaining the origin of different topologies in interaction networks
Authors: Pinheiro Rafael B. P. , Félix Gabriel M. F. , Dormann Carsten F. , Mello Marco A. R. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe architecture of interaction networks has been extensively studied in the past decades, and different topologies have been observed in natural systems. Despite several phenomenological explanations proposed, we still understand little of the mechanisms that generate those topologies. Here we present a mechanistic model based on the integrative hypothesis of specialization, which aims at explaining the emergence of topology and specialization in consumer-resource networks. By following three first-principles and adjusting five parameters, our model was able to generate synthetic weighted networks that show the main patterns of topology and specialization observed in nature. Our results prove that topology emergence is possible without network-level selection. In our simulations, the intensity of trade-offs in the performance of each consumer species on different resource species is the main factor driving network topology. We predict that interaction networks with low species diversity and low dissimilarity between resources should have a nested topology, although more diverse networks with large dissimilarity should have a compound topology. Additionally, our results highlight scale as a key factor. Our model generates predictions consistent with ecological and evolutionary theories and real-world observations. Therefore, it supports the IHS as a useful conceptual framework to study the architecture of interaction networks.
Transposon silencing in theDrosophilafemale germline ensures genome stability in progeny embryos
Authors: Durdevic Zeljko , Pillai Ramesh S. , Ephrussi Anne 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe piRNA pathway functions in transposon control in the germ line of metazoans. The conserved RNA helicase Vasa is an essential piRNA pathway component, but has additional important developmental functions. Here we address the importance of Vasa-dependent transposon control in theDrosophilafemale germline and early embryos. We find that transient loss ofvasaexpression during early oogenesis leads to transposon up-regulation in supporting nurse cells of the fly egg-chamber. We show that elevated transposon levels have dramatic consequences, as de-repressed transposons accumulate in the oocyte where they cause DNA damage. We find that suppression of Chk2-mediated DNA damage signaling invasamutant females restores oogenesis and egg production. Damaged DNA and up-regulated transposons are transmitted from the mother to the embryos, which sustain severe nuclear defects and arrest development. Our findings reveal that the Vasa-dependent protection against selfish genetic elements in the nuage of nurse cell is essential to prevent DNA damage-induced arrest of embryonic development.
Local protein synthesis is a ubiquitous feature of neuronal pre- and postsynaptic compartments
Authors: Hafner Anne-Sophie , Donlin-Asp Paul G. , Leitch Beulah , Herzog Etienne , Schuman Erin M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThere is ample evidence for localized mRNAs and protein synthesis in neuronal dendrites, however, demonstrations of these processes in presynaptic terminals are limited. We used expansion microscopy to resolve pre- and postsynaptic compartments in brain slices. Most presynaptic terminals in the hippocampus and forebrain contained mRNA and ribosomes. We sorted fluorescently labeled synaptosomes from mouse brain and then sequenced hundreds of mRNA species present within excitatory boutons. After brief metabolic labeling, more them 30% of all presynaptic terminals exhibited a signal, providing evidence for ongoing protein synthesis. We tested different classic plasticity paradigms and observed unique patterns of rapid pre- and/or postsynaptic translation. Thus presynaptic terminals are translationally competent and local protein synthesis is differentially recruited to drive compartment-specific phenotypes that underlie different forms of plasticity.One sentence summaryProtein synthesis occurs in all synaptic compartments, including excitatory and inhibitory axon terminals.
Making sense of international variations in lesson study and lesson study-like practices
Authors: Norwich Brahm 
Published: July 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine variations within lesson study (LS) practices and their connections with related traditions: teacher research/enquiry approaches, professional development models, professional learning communities and group problem-solving approaches. Questions are addressed about the relationships between different professional learning approaches in terms of definitions and frameworks.Design/methodology/approachAcademic databases and website sources were searched in a purposive way to identify 20 practices associated with these traditions for comparative analysis.FindingsA conceptual framework consisting of eight dimensions was constructed to account for the variations within and between these professional learning traditions: for instance, about the settings in which the practices take place, the purposes of the practices and the specific procedures involved. By illustrating how specific practices fitted within this framework it is concluded that the variations within the LS tradition are wide enough to make it difficult to identify a set of necessary and sufficient features of LS to distinguish LS practices from the other non-LS professional learning practices. Reasons are also given for considering whether a polythetic type of definition of professional learning/development practices might be constructed.Research limitations/implicationsThe possibility for a more systematic review of professional learning approaches for the construction of a conceptual framework is discussed.Practical implicationsWays in which this kind of conceptualisation can be useful in promoting clarity about professional learning practices and in developing these practices are discussed.Originality/valueThe originality of this paper lies in the construction of a conceptual framework to analyse similarities and differences within and between various professional learning traditions.
The vision of bedfast nursing home residents of their quality of life and the contribution of technological innovations in and around the bed
Authors: Martens I. , Verbeek H. , Aarts J. , Bosems W.P.H. , Felix E. , van Hoof J. 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
Over 8 per cent of the Dutch nursing home population is bedfast, and this number is slowly increasing. The quality of life (QoL) of this population is lower than that of residents who are still mobile. Little research has been conducted on how to improve the QoL of this bedfast population, particularly through making technological adjustments to the bed and the direct surroundings. The purpose of this paper is to gain insight into the QoL of bedfast residents and how to improve this through technology.

Design/methodology/approach
A mixed-method multi-case study with thematic analysis was conducted in two nursing homes with seven participants based on semi-structured interviews and Short Form-12 questionnaire.

Findings
The major causes of the experienced low QoL were the limited opportunities for engaging in social contacts with others, and coping with the dependency on other people and having limited control. Participants suggested improvements of QoL through the application of modern communication technologies to engage in social contacts and to control the bed itself and environment around the bed.

Practical implications
The results may help improve the design of the bed and the direct environment in order to improve the QoL of bedfast nursing home residents.

Originality/value
The QoL of bedfast nursing home residents has not been studied before in relation to the bed itself and technological solutions that may help improve the QoL and level of control.
A neurological and philosophical perspective on the design of environments and technology for older people with dementia
Authors: Verkerk Maarten J. , van Hoof Joost , Aarts Sil , de Koning Sylvia J.M.M. , van der Plaats Johanna J. 
Published: July 2018

PurposeOlder people with dementia (OPD) have specific housing and technology-related needs, for which various design principles exist. A model for designing environments and its constituting items for people with dementia that has a firm foundation in neurology may help guide designers in making design choices. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approachA general design model is presented consisting of three principles for OPD, namely designing for ageing people; designing for a favourable state and designing for beautiful moments. The neurosciences as a whole give shape to an eminent framework explaining the behaviour of OPD. One of the objectives of this paper is to translate the design principles into design specifications and to show that these specifications can be translated in a design.FindingsPhilosophical concepts are introduced which are required to understand design for OPD. Four case studies from Dutch nursing homes are presented that show how the theory of modal aspects of the philosopher Dooyeweerd can be used to map design specifications in a systematic way.Research limitations/implicationsThese examples of design solutions illustrate the applicability of the model developed in this article. It emphasises the importance of the environment for supporting the daily life of OPD.Originality/valueThere is a need for a design model for OPD. The environment and technology should initiate positive behaviours and meaningful experiences. In this paper, a general model for the designing of environments for OPD was developed that has a firm foundation in neurology and behavioural sciences. This model consists of six distinct steps and each step can be investigated empirically. In other words, this model may lay the foundation for an evidence-based design.
Future care: rethinking technology enhanced aged care environments
Authors: Loy Jennifer , Haskell Natalie 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
Cutting-edge hospital and residential care architecture and interior design aim to address the emotional and practical needs of patients, staff and visitors. Yet, whilst improving on past practice, current approaches to design still rarely recognise or respond to individuals. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of design-led research into digital technology across disciplines for the personalisation of healthcare environments and is informed by the authors’ ongoing hospital-based research.

Design/methodology/approach
This review is based on a design anthropology framework providing insight into designing for changing the experience for older patients in current healthcare contexts and future focused strategies, integrating digital technologies and human-centred design across scale and disciplines. It is informed by ongoing hospital studies based on design-led research methodology, drawing on design anthropology and ethnographical methods.

Findings
Technology enhanced, human-centred, assistive devices and environments implemented into healthcare across scale are developing but integration is needed for meaningful experiences.

Research limitations/implications
This review is a positioning paper for design-led research into digital technology across scale and medium.

Practical implications
This paper provides the basis for practical research including the ongoing hospital-based research of the authors.

Social implications
This approach potentially enhances emotional experiences of connected healthcare.

Originality/value
Future care scenarios are proposed, with technology and human experience as key drivers. Individualised and personalised solutions better cater for diversity. Within this context, it is strategic to question and test new ways of crafting the older persons care experience. This paper brings new direction to this discussion.
Life cycle cost analysis of the ventilation system in Stockholm’s road tunnels
Authors: Al-Chalabi Hussan Saed 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop a practical economic replacement decision model to identify the economic lifetime of the ventilation system used by Trafikverket in its Stockholm tunnels.

Design/methodology/approach
The proposed data-driven optimisation model considers operating and maintenance costs, purchase price and system resale value for a ventilation system consisting of 121 fans. The study identified data quality problems in Trafikverket’s MAXIMO database.

Findings
It is found that the absolute economic replacement time (ERT) of the ventilation system is 108 months but for a range of 100–120 months, the total cost remains almost constant. Sensitivity and regression analysis showed that the operating cost has the largest impact on the ERT.

Originality/value
The results are promising; the company has the possibility of significantly reducing the LCC of the ventilation system by optimising its lifetime. In addition, the proposed model can be used for other systems with repairable components, making it applicable, useful and implementable within Trafikverket more generally.
Modeling airline MRO operations using a systems dynamics approach
Authors: Tokgöz Asim , Bulkan Serol , Zaim Selim , Delen Dursun , Torlak N. Gökhan 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
The life span of an aircraft is usually around 30 years in the commercial aviation industry. During this time span, aircraft needs maintenance to stay in service. The cost of maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) activities in its pure nature is a significant portion of operations, accounting around 10 percent of all cost drivers. The purpose of this paper is to design/develop and critically assess a comprehensive model of operations at Turkish Technic – the MRO department of Turkish Airlines.

Design/methodology/approach
A comprehensive systems dynamics model is designed and developed to holistically represent and critically assess the different facets of MRO operations to help in analyzing various decision scenarios at Turkish Airlines.

Findings
The developed system dynamics (SD) model presented unique opportunities to test various MRO operations’ work load and aircraft fleet expansion policy alternatives. The model can also be used as a “learning laboratory” by altering various system parameters and testing different policies. The case study results suggested that MRO operations have a direct impact on the available number of airworthy aircrafts and hence, the usable fleet seat capacity; to sustain a profitable airline fleet, the airline companies should take into account the unique characteristics/needs of MRO operations for both existing and new/prospective aircrafts.

Originality/value
There are several SD studies in the literature focusing on the airline industry, but the MRO operations are virtually neglected in them. Hence, the proposed SD model contributed to the extant literature. The value of the developed model stems from its potential use in the critical analysis of decision scenarios as well as being leveraged as a training/learning laboratory.
Control valve stiction compensation by dynamic inversion: a comparative study
Authors: Elferik Sami , Hassan Mohammed , AL-Naser Mustafa 
Published: July 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to improve the performance of control loop suffering from control valve stiction. Control valve stiction is considered as of one of the main causes of oscillation in process variables, which require performing costly unplanned maintenance and process shutdown. An adaptive solution to handle valve stiction while maintaining safety and quality until next planned maintenance is highly desirable to save considerable cost and effort.Design/methodology/approachThis paper implements a new stiction compensation method built using adaptive inverse model techniques and intelligent control theories. Finite impulse response (FIR) model, which is known to be robust, as a compensator for stiction. The parameters of FIR model are tuned in an adaptive way using differential evolution (DE) technique. The performance of proposed method is compared with other two compensation techniques.FindingsThe new method showed excellent performance of the DE–FIR compensator compared to other dynamic inversion methods in terms of minimizing process variability, energy saving and valve stem aggressiveness.Research limitations/implicationsThe compensation ability for all compensators reduces with the increase of stiction severity, thus the over shoot case always shows the worst result. In future works, other optimization techniques will be explored to find the appropriate technique that can extend the FIR model size with smallest computation time that can improve the performance of the compensator in over shoot case. In addition, the estimation of the valve residual life based on the level of stiction and effort required by the controller should be considered.Originality/valueThe presented approach represents an original contribution to the literature. It performs stiction compensation without a need for a prior knowledge on the process or the valve models and guarantees a smooth control of the stem movement with a low control effort. The proposed approach differs from previous adaptive methods as it uses stable FIR models and DE to find the appropriate parameters of the inverse model and handle nonlinear behavior of stiction.