bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spain and Marine Protected Areas: Recent Developments
Authors: Aznar Mariano J. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Spain has just declared a new marine protected area in the Mediterranean. This follows a protective trend taken by Spanish authorities during the last decades and has permitted Spain to honour its international compromises under the Convention on Biological Diversity. It contributes to a framework of protected areas established under conventional regimes such as OSPAR, RAMSAR or EU Natura 2000. The new area protects a ‘cetacean corridor’ and will be inscribed in the list of Specially Protected Areas of Mediterranean Importance under the Barcelona Convention regional framework.
Childhood Immunisation: Mandate or Persuasion? Italian Lawmakers Have Opted for the Former, What about European Legislators?
Authors: Montanari Vergallo Gianluca , di Luca Natale Mario , Zaami Simona 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Over the past decades, the number of effective and safe child vaccines available has increased. Yet, more and more parents have become concerned about vaccine safety. The authors address the following question: are vaccinations, especially in children, to be considered as mandatory treatment or should parents be entitled to choose whether to have their children vaccinated or not? In Europe, eleven countries have instituted mandates, whereas others have opted for mere recommendations and rely on information campaigns. Italy is one of those which have recently enacted legislation designed to broaden the scope of mandatory vaccinations. The paper’s authors argue that it is certainly hard to draw the line between individual and collective rights, yet it is incumbent upon state authorities to foster the common interest and the public good, which gives governments a right and an obligation to promote immunisation, at least until the safety threshold is reached.
Same Spirit, Different Structure: Francis Bacon on Inanimate and Animate Matter
Authors: Rusu Doina-Cristina 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This article argues that for Francis Bacon there is only one type of spiritual matter, which acquires different qualities and performs different functions within bodies depending on the structure it has. In order to prove this hypothesis, the paper takes as a case study the process of spontaneous generation, where there is no pre-existent spirit, as contrary to the case of the generation out of seed. For Bacon, tangible matter is prepared to produce certain species, leaving to the spirits the function of shaping what lies in matter in potency.
Athanasius Kircher and Vegetal Magnetism: Analogy as a Method
Authors: Čermáková Lucie 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, plants were the object of a primarily descriptive approach: naturalists were concerned mainly with collecting and classifying. When confronted with the splendour of great herbals and florilegia, one can easily overlook the works which deal with plants from a more theoretical or philosophical perspective. This paper examines a chapter on vegetal magnetism in Athanasius Kircher’s treatise Magnes sive de arte magnetica. My analysis shows how Kircher uses the analogy with magnets to describe the various features of plants. He uses analogy as an epistemological tool. In Kircher’s view, analogy is not merely an illustration, it also helps him to show how plants with all their more-or-less peculiar morphological and physiological properties can be included in the whole order of creation.
Appetitive Matter and Perception in Ralph Austen’s Projects of Natural History of Plants
Authors: Matei Oana 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this article I argue that, through the use of experimental practice and by following Bacon’s general prescriptions for natural history, Ralph Austen developed an appetitive theory of matter of Baconian inspiration. There are at least three areas of similarity between the two authors’ theories of matter: the presence and activity of spirits as the main entities animating matter; the relations of sympathy and antipathy between different elements of matter; and perception as an appetitive property of plants that can produce motion. I conclude that Austen developed his theory of matter on the basis of these three central points, which bear a significant resemblance to Bacon’s own theory, a connection that is best exemplified by its appetitive character.
Plant and Soil Chemistry in Seventeenth-Century England: Worsley, Boyle and Coxe
Authors: Clericuzio Antonio 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In seventeenth-century England agriculturalists, projectors and natural philosophers devoted special attention to the chemical investigation of plants, of soil composition and of fertilizers. Hugh Plat’s and Francis Bacon’s works became particularly influential in the mid-seventeenth century, and inspired much of the Hartlib Circle’s schemes and research for improving agriculture. The Hartlibians turned to chemistry in order to provide techniques for improving soil and to investigate plant generation and growth. They drew upon the Paracelsian chemistry of salts, as well as upon the works of van Helmont and Glauber. Benjamin Worsley, Boyle’s scientific companion in the 1640s and 1650s, played a leading role in the Hartlib Circle’s research on saltpetre and on fertilizers. The Hartlib Circle’s research in agricultural chemistry shaped much of the research carried out by the Royal Society in the 1660s and in the 1670s. Daniel Coxe, who adopted Boyle’s chemical theories and pursued original experimental research on the composition of plants, played a central part in the early Royal Society’s agricultural projects and notably in the investigations of plants.
Ethnicity, Social Identity, and the Transposable Body of Christ
Authors: Goroncy Jason 
Published: June 2019

This essay attends to the relationship between our ethnic, social, and cultural identities, and the creation of the new communal identity embodied in the Christian community. Drawing upon six New Testament texts – Ephesians 2:11–22; Galatians 3:27–28; 1 Corinthians 7:17–24 and 10:17; 1 Peter 2:9–11; and Revelation 21:24–26 – it is argued that the creation of a new and prime identity in Christ does not abrogate other creaturely identities, even as it calls for the removal of such as boundary markers. Catholicity, in other words, is intrinsically related to the most radical particularity, and demands an ongoing work of discernment and of judgement vis-à-vis the gospel itself. Those baptized into Christ are now to live in the reality of Christ who is both the boundary and center of their existence, a boundary which includes all humanity in its cultural, ethnic, gendered, social and historical particularities.
本文关注的是种族、社会及文化身份与具体化的基督教新群体身份的创造之间的关系。从新约里的六段经文里 – 弗2:11–22; 加3:27–28; 林前7:17–24; 10:17; 彼前2:9–11; 启21:24–26 – 本文辩称在基督里新造的身份，即使会抹去其存在的边界线，但并不废除其被造身份的特殊性。换句话说，大公教会本质上与最根本的个体性有关，需要透过福音本身作出持续不断的辨明与判断。那些在基督里受洗了的，现在活在他们存在的边界和中心，这边界包括了所有带着文化、种族、性别、社会及历史个体性的人类。
Este ensayo se ocupa de la relación entre nuestras identidades étnicas, sociales y culturales y la creación de una nueva identidad comunal encarnada en la comunidad cristiana. Basado en seis pasajes del Nuevo Testamento: Efesios 2: 11–22; Gálatas 3: 27–28; 1 Corintios 7: 17–24 y 10:17; 1 Pedro 2: 9–11 y Apocalipsis 21: 24–26 se argumenta que la creación de una identidad nueva y principal en Cristo no anula otras identidades del ser humano, aún cuando pide que se eliminen tales barreras. La catolicidad, en otras palabras, está intrínsecamente relacionada con la particularidad más radical, y exige un trabajo continuo de discernimiento y de juicio frente al evangelio mismo. Los bautizados en Cristo ahora deben vivir en la realidad de Cristo quien es a la vez el límite y el centro de sus existencias, un límite que incluye a toda la humanidad en sus particularidades culturales, étnicas, de género, sociales e históricas.
This article is in English.
Basel Mission and Revolutions in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century China: Debating Societal Renewal
Authors: Brandner Tobias 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This article analyzes how the Basel missionaries interpreted the nineteenth- and twentieth-century revolutionary changes in China. After a short historical overview, it assesses the different aspects and roots of what implicitly constituted the political theology of the Basel Mission. In the body part of the essay it analyzes documents written by missionaries (letters, reports written to the home committee) to understand how the missionaries saw the epochal changes that they witnessed: the Taiping Rebellion in the nineteenth century and the political changes taking place between 1911–1949. A final section considers how timely the past Basel missionaries’ political views are in present-day China and how they are reflected in parts of recent Chinese political theology.
Reading Romans in a Globalized and Increasingly Urban World
Authors: Wu Siu Fung 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
There have been many studies on urbanization, migration, and globalization in recent years. While the Scripture is often used in these studies, it is not common that Paul’s letter to the Romans is the primary focus of discussion. But Rome was the largest urban center in the ancient world, with a multicultural society that is not unlike many cities today. This means that Romans is very relevant to our globalized and increasingly urban world. This paper will show that Romans provides important resources for urban mission practitioners. In particular, it will propose that Paul envisions a love-centered multicultural community of shalom that is called to fulfil the mission of God by living out the death and life of Jesus in a world of chaos.
Medicine in the Chinese Buddhist Canon
Authors: Salguero C. Pierce , Toleno Robban , Giddings William J. , Capitanio Joshua , Bingenheimer Marcus 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The excerpts below were selected to introduce a number of disparate genres and types of discourses about healing, illness, and cure that are embedded within the Chinese Buddhist canon. They include an excerpt from a monastic disciplinary code concerning the storage of medicines, a scripture with a story of an encounter between a bodhisattva and a famous physician, a liturgy dedicated to a major healing deity, an author’s advice to doctors from a Buddhist perspective, and a devotional verse that plays on medical metaphors. Taken together, they indicate some of the diversity of perspectives and approaches of Buddhist materials and suggest the potential importance of often-overlooked Buddhist materials for the study of Asian medicine.
‘Lawfare’ in South Africa and Its Effects on the Judiciary
Authors: Corder Hugh , Hoexter Cora 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This article identifies three senses of the term ‘lawfare’ in the South African context. In the first and most standard sense of the term, law was abused by the state during the pre-democratic era in order to construct a racist state. In the second sense, litigation was used in the period 1910–1993 as a weapon of the weak by those excluded from the franchise, in order to resist oppression and rule by law. The third sense of lawfare overlaps with the second but is associated with the judicialisation of politics in the era of constitutional democracy. It refers to the use of litigation to resolve contentious political disputes in spite of the existence of many non-curial constitutional safeguards. Using examples, the article shows that lawfare in this third sense was a feature of the presidency of Jacob Zuma and that it was triggered by the rise of nepotism, corruption and state capture well as the abdication of governance responsibilities to the judiciary. It argues that because the courts have been drawn into the public arena and thrust into a relationship of constant tension with the political branches, the judiciary has become the primary casualty of this barrage of lawfare.
Peacebuilding and Statebuilding in Libya: An Analysis on the Role of the European Union
Authors: Battaglia Francesco 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The Libyan crisis is the largest and closest crisis on the southern borders of the EU. It is therefore reasonable that the stabilization of this country and the engagement of international relations and partnership with an independent and effective government of Libya is a central point of the EU’s foreign policy since the outbreak of the crisis in 2011. The consolidation of peace in Libya is of primary importance not only because of political and economic reasons. The engagement with Libya is essential for the EU even to strengthen its role as global actor in the field of foreign and security policy. Finally, the Libyan crisis is closely connected with the migration emergency that is weakening European political cohesion. The purpose of this article is thus to carry out a legal analysis on the role of the EU in promoting peace/state-building in Libya, to make some considerations on the main lesson learned.
Hubmaier’s Death and the Threat of a Free State Church
Authors: MacGregor Kirk R. 
Published: June 2019

This piece reevaluates the events surrounding the 1528 execution of Anabaptist leader Balthasar Hubmaier by Ferdinand I of Austria in order to accurately assess Hubmaier’s place in the development of early modern church-state relations. Rather than the commonly suggested motive of practicing rebaptism, the evidence indicates that Hubmaier was arrested and executed for his establishment in Waldshut and Nikolsburg of “free state churches,” a unique sixteenth-century historical modality of believers’ churches financially administered by local governments which protected dissenters, including Jews, from persecution. The first early modern advocate of freedom of thought, Hubmaier insisted that the obedience Christians owed to government was exclusively socio-political and not religious in nature, a redefinition which not merely affected the relationship between lay subjects and any given state but also extended to the relationship between lower and higher magistrates. Such developments threatened the ability of the Habsburg church-state amalgam to enforce obedience to the Catholic faith, prompting its charges of sedition against Hubmaier.
A Conversion Too Far
Authors: Ellis-Marino Elizabeth 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe last Calvinist Baron of Büren died suddenly in 1610, after years of struggle with the Catholic Prince-Bishop of Paderborn. His widow Elisabeth converted to Catholicism, along with her four year old son Moritz. During her lifetime, the small territory her son controlled remained a relatively safe place for Protestants. Moritz, on the other hand, made a vow as a teenager to join the Jesuit order. After years of resisting his mother’s attempt to arrange a marriage for him, while enjoying a stellar career as a Jurist in the Reichskammergericht, Moritz fulfilled this vow after his mother’s death. The end of his life saw him involved in three separate lawsuits in an attempt to remove his family members from his ancestral lands and replace them with a community of Jesuits, to whom he had deeded his family’s property. The estate and town of Büren were entirely Catholic within fifteen years of the community’s establishment. This paper explores the difference between Elisabeth’s measured strategy of conversion and Moritz’s counter-Reformation inspired zeal.
Visualizing the Painful Past
Authors: Belghazi Taieb , Moudden Abelhay 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Conventional social science studies of state violence privilege ‘instrumental’ approaches in which the main focus is on rational and calculated acts of state violence that operate as a means to achieve specific ends. In this paper, we use six Moroccan feature films on the subject of violence as an introduction to ‘expressive’ dimensions of state violence, the set of meanings it expresses and the affects it triggers. Fictive as they are, the films highlight key issues pertaining to the topic, issues that have remained insufficiently addressed by social scientists. These issues include the cultural meanings of retributive justice for state perpetrators, political betrayal, political innocence, the multiple aspects of activism and resistance and societal reconciliation. The films not only trigger pertinent intellectual dilemmas, they also offer a ‘fictional framing’ of political reconciliation in which the family operates as the ‘weapon of the weak’ and the locus for restoring a lost past order are shattered by state violence.
Herzog Ernst: Stabreimende Wortpaare im Umfeld des Frühmittelhochdeutschen
Authors: Jeep John M. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
As part of an ongoing larger project collecting and analyzing the alliterating word-pairs in early German (especially Old and Early Middle High German) texts, we turn to Herzog Ernst in an effort to assess the anonymous author’s use of the widely used rhetorical device in the context of earlier and then contemporary praxis. For the first time, the entire body of word pairs in Herzog Ernst are documented and studied in their narrower and broader contexts, including questions of literary genre, semantics, pragmatics, and stylistics. Findings from earlier studies are included and assessed, where necessary also emended. Hence, we have a better appreciation of the author’s rhetoric in its Early Middle High German and especially the Spielmannsepos context.
The Pietroasele Torc and the Conversion of the Goths
Authors: Mees Bernard , Markey Thomas L. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The runic inscription on a torc found in 1837 as part of a treasure at what is now Pietroasele, Romania, has long been taken to be a product of Gothic paganism. The torc is generally thought to preserve a reference to the Goths and to holiness, and to be a cultic artefact. Yet the Pietroasele treasure is typically argued by archaeologists to have been deposited at the time of the collapse of the Hunnic Empire and the adoption of Christianity by the Ostrogothic kings. The inscription may be better analysed as a Christian text that makes reference to the holy lands of the Goths.
A Study of Social Think Tanks in China: Dilemma, Trends and Breakthroughs
Authors: Wang Dong 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Social think tanks play an irreplaceable role in the field of public governance because of their unique objective perspectives and expertise. But there has disproportionately inadequate research into social think tanks. At present, researches and explorations concerning social think tanks are largely mixed with studies on “think tanks,” and there are still no institutes, groups or periodicals which work specifically as platforms through which social think tanks are evaluated, monitored and supported. To effectively address such problems as the direction, methodology, priorities and points of penetration for research on social think tanks, it is necessary to have a comprehensive, systematic understanding of present researches into social think tanks. By conducting searches in the CNKI database, 224 articles were chosen for statistical analysis in seven respects, namely, year of publication, author, organization with which the author works, theme, citation, concentration of research, and journal involved. Based on analysis findings, this paper suggests building a platform by which to evaluate and monitor researches on social think tanks, establishing an echelon-based model of professional training for social think tanks, stepping up development of social think tanks in western China or the remote and poor parts of the country, optimizing mechanisms for the transformation and application of research outcomes of social think tanks, increasing support to weak fields of research on social think tanks, and conducting research into major and difficult problems confronting social think tanks.
The Impact of Inter-Departmental Games on Policy Advocacy of Industrial Association – With Technology Incubator Association in City T as a Case Study
Authors: Yan Zehua 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn the China-specific dual management system of social organizations, competent government department’s support for and supervision over industrial associations affect and even determine their political engagement and policy advocacy. By analyzing the technological incubator association in the city of T, this paper finds that when local government departments have overlapping duties and interests, the industrial association, if it can help the disadvantaged department increase the chips for the power and resource game, can receive more attention, support and policy discourse power from that department. Besides, in the local government’s management model, a big enterprise with scale and resource advantages has more chances to communicate and interact with the government department that’s superior to the one in charge of the industrial association, so the industrial association in which this big enterprise is a member can get more attention and support from the competent department, making it more effective in policy advocacy.
The development of QIE 且 in Medieval Chinese
Authors: Mu Yezi 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In Medieval Chinese, a new function of QIE as a marker of polite imperative started to appear, and its use gradually increased in frequency until the late Old Mandarin era. This paper proposes a possible path for the development of this function of QIE in Medieval Chinese, and suggests that it might have evolved from its use for transient situations with hortative modality. Moreover, contact with Indic languages via the translation of Buddhist texts in the Medieval Chinese era also seems to have facilitated the development of QIE from a temporal adverb to a marker of polite imperative.
Proto-K(r)adai ‘hand’, ‘eye’, and ‘bird’ revisited
Authors: Vovin Alexander 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This article revisits the traditional comparisons for K(r)adai and Austronesian ‘hand’, ‘eye’, and ‘bird’. In the case of ‘hand’ it attempts to improve the comparison by offering an unorthodox solution for Proto-K(r)adai reconstruction that, in my opinion, should be *lima, virtually identical to proto-Austronesian. It also provides additional evidence for reconstructing ‘eye’ and ‘bird’ as disyllabic words in K(r)adai, showing that these two were also very close to (with minor differences) to proto-Austronesian. Although these facts alone cannot be used as ultimate proof of K(r)adai and Austronesian genetic relationship, I believe that they constitute a further step in refining the arguments in this direction.
The formation of the kě 可 and kě yǐ 可以 constructions
Authors: ZENG Jianhong , ANDERL Christoph , HEIRMAN Ann 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper aims to explain the formation of the kě and kě yǐ constructions in archaic Chinese. We analyze a number of examples from the pre-Qin era to refute previous hypotheses that the kě construction is formed by adding kě to a notional passive, fronting the object in an active sentence including kě, or solely by reanalysis. Subsequently, a verb-moving-backward hypothesis is proposed: kě is used in the underlying structure ‘V-O’ + kě to comment on an already known proposition ‘V-O’, then V is moved to the end to avoid the top-heavy problem. Similarly, this hypothesis also accounts for the kě yǐ construction: kě in the underlying structure ‘yǐ-X-V-Y’ + kě is to comment on the serial verb structure ‘yǐ-X-V-Y’, which is interchangeable with ‘X-yǐ-V-Y’ forming ‘X-yǐ-V-Y’ + kě where ‘yǐ-V-Y’ is moved after kě to avoid the top-heavy problem. Moreover, the “verb moving backward” hypothesis provides new insights into the formation process of similar constructions (e.g., nán 难 ‘be difficult to V,’ yì 易 ‘be easy to V,’ zú 足 ‘be sufficient to V’ constructions) in ancient Chinese, as well as the study of tough constructions.