bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Competing Risks Analysis of Promotion and Attrition in Academic Medicine: A National Study of U.S. Medical School Graduates
Authors: Jeffe Donna B. , Yan Yan , Andriole Dorothy A. 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
Competing risk methodology was used to identify variables associated with promotion and attrition of newly appointed full-time instructors or assistant professors in U.S. MD-granting medical schools.

Method
A national sample of U.S. MD-granting medical school graduates in calendar years 1997–2004 who received initial full-time instructor or assistant professor appointments from January 1, 2000 through December 31, 2012, was followed through December 31, 2013. Adjusted proportional subdistribution hazard ratios (aSHRs) measured the effects of demographic, educational, and institutional variables on promotion and attrition.

Results
The final study sample included 27,219 full-time instructors (n = 10,470) and assistant professors (n = 16,749). In all models (entire sample and stratified by initial rank), faculty who reported all other (vs. full-time faculty) career intentions at graduation and were underrepresented racial/ethnic minority (vs. white) faculty had lower aSHRs for promotion and greater aSHRs for attrition, whereas research-intensive (vs. non-research-intensive) medical school graduates, faculty at schools without a tenure track, and mentored K awardees had greater aSHRs for promotion and lower aSHRs for attrition. In all models, faculty with ≥ $100,000 (vs. no) debt at graduation had greater aSHRs for attrition. Among instructors, women had lower aSHRs for attrition than men, but among assistant professors, women had greater aSHRs for attrition.

Conclusions
This study adds new knowledge about career trajectories of academic medicine faculty initially appointed as full-time instructors. Career development interventions and research mentoring during and after medical school and debt reduction programs could help increase academic medicine faculty retention and promotion.
Pressure Injury Education in the Department of Veterans Affairs
Authors: Cowan Linda , Garvan Cynthia , Rugs Deborah , Barks Lelia , Chavez Margeaux , Orozco Tatiana 
Published: September 2018

PURPOSE:
The aim of this study was to describe experience, training, educational needs and preferences, and perceptions of pressure injury (PI) prevention education of wound care providers in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) of the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) as an indicator of effectiveness of the mandated VHA PI Prevention Program.

SUBJECTS AND SETTING:
A convenience sample of national VHA wound care providers practicing in VHA facilities was compiled from members of special interest groups and committees and by referrals from known wound care specialists and clinicians (N = 1726). The response rate was 24% (n = 410).

DESIGN:
Cross-sectional, descriptive study.

METHODS:
A 42-item online cross-sectional survey was administered via a blast-email of the survey link to the sample. The survey link was active for 1 month (March 3-31, 2014). The survey queried demographic data, PI experience and education, and their perceptions and preferences for PI education. Quantitative responses underwent descriptive analyses, and responses to open-ended questions were analyzed by content analysis.

RESULTS:
The majority of the 415 respondents completed most of the questionnaire (n = 310, 74%). Half were board-certified providers with a mean wound care experience of 14.2 years (standard deviation = 9.8 years). Preference for type of wound training ranged from 17% for online gaming to 82% for face-to-face training. Training provided by facilities was perceived to be inadequate for wound care by 60% (n = 175) and inadequate for PI care by 49% (n = 142).

CONCLUSIONS:
The 2 greatest areas of need in PI care identified by wound care providers were education and documentation. These same issues were identified as problematic by an audit of PI prevention and management at 47 VHA facilities that was conducted by the VA Office of Inspector General.
A taxonomic review and revisions of Microstomidae (Platyhelminthes: Macrostomorpha)
Authors: Atherton Sarah , Jondelius Ulf 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMicrostomidae (Platyhelminthes: Macrostomorpha) diversity has been almost entirely ignored within recent years, likely due to inconsistent and often old taxonomic literature and a general rarity of sexually mature collected specimens. Herein, we reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of the group using both previously published and new 18S and CO1 gene sequences. We present some taxonomic revisions of Microstomidae and further describe 8 new species of Microstomum based on both molecular and morphological evidence. Finally, we briefly review the morphological taxonomy of each species and provide a key to aid in future research and identification that is not dependent on reproductive morphology. Our goal is to clarify the taxonomy and facilitate future research into an otherwise very understudied group of tiny (but important) flatworms.
Global metabolomic characterizations of Microcystis spp. highlights clonal diversity in natural bloom-forming populations and expands metabolite structural diversity
Authors: Le Manach Séverine , Duval Charlotte , Marie Arul , Djediat Chakib , Catherine Arnaud , Edery Marc , Bernard Cécile , Marie Benjamin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotes that are able to synthetize a wild rang of secondary metabolites exhibiting noticeable bioactivity, comprising toxicity. Microcystis represents one of the most common cyanobacteria taxa constituting the intensive blooms that arise nowadays in freshwater ecosystems worldwide. They produce numerous cyanotoxins (toxic metabolites), which are potentially harmful to Human health and aquatic organisms. In order to better understand the variations in cyanotoxins production between clones of the Microcystis, we investigate the diversity of several strains isolated from the same blooms, from different populations in various geographical area.Twenty-four clonal strains were compared by genotyping with 16S-ITS fragment sequencing and metabolites chemotyping using LC ESI-qTOF mass spectrometry. While, genotyping can only discriminate between the different species, the global metabolomes reveal clear discriminant molecular profiles between strains. These profiles can be clustered primarily according to their global metabolite content, then to their genotype, and finally to their sampling localities. A global molecular network of all metabolites highlights the production of a wide set of chemically diverse metabolites, comprising only few microcystins, but many aeruginosins, cyanopeptolins and microginins, along with a large set of unknown molecules. They represent the molecular biodiversity that still remain to be investigated and characterized at their structure as well as at their potential bioactivity or toxicity levels.
Large-scale intrinsic connectivity is consistent across varying task demands
Authors: Kieliba Paulina , Madugula Sasidhar , Filippini Nicola , Duff Eugene P. , Makin Tamar R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMeasuring whole-brain functional connectivity patterns based on task-free (‘restingstate’) spontaneous fluctuations in the functional MRI (fMRI) signal is a standard approach to probing habitual brain states, independent of task-specific context. This view is supported by spatial correspondence between task- and rest-derived connectivity networks. Yet, it remains unclear whether intrinsic connectivity observed in a resting-state acquisitions is persistent during task. Here, we sought to determine how changes in ongoing brain activation, elicited by task performance, impact the integrity of whole-brain functional connectivity patterns. We employed a ‘steadystates’ paradigm, in which participants continuously executed a specific task (without baseline periods). Participants underwent separate task-based (visual, motor and visuomotor) or task-free (resting) steady-state scans, each performed over a 5-minute period. This unique design allowed us to apply a set of traditional resting-state analyses to various task-states. In addition, a classical fMRI block-design was employed to identify individualized brain activation patterns for each task, allowing to characterize how differing activation patterns across the steady-states impact whole-brain intrinsic connectivity patterns. By examining correlations across segregated brain regions (nodes) and the whole brain (using independent component analysis), we show that the whole-brain network architecture characteristic of the resting-state is robustly preserved across different steady-task states, despite striking inter-task changes in brain activation (signal amplitude). Subtler changes in functional connectivity were detected locally, within the active networks. Together, we show that intrinsic connectivity underlying the canonical resting-state networks is relatively stable even when participants are engaged in different tasks and is not limited to the resting-state.New and NoteworthyDoes intrinsic functional connectivity (FC) reflect the canonical or transient state of the brain? We tested the consistency of the intrinsic connectivity networks across different task-conditions. We show that despite local changes in connectivity, at the whole-brain level there is little modulation in FC patterns, despite profound and large-scale activation changes. We therefore conclude that intrinsic FC largely reflects the a priori habitual state of the brain, independent of the specific cognitive context.
The accessible chromatin landscape of the hippocampus at single-cell resolution
Authors: Sinnamon John R. , Torkenczy Kristof A. , Linhoff Michael W. , Vitak Sarah , Pliner Hannah A. , Trapnell Cole , Steemers Frank J. , Mandel Gail , Adey Andrew C. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTHere we present a comprehensive map of the accessible chromatin landscape of the mouse hippocampus at single-cell resolution. Substantial advances of this work include the optimization of single-cell combinatorial indexing assay for transposase accessible chromatin (sci-ATAC-seq), a software suite,scitools, for the rapid processing and visualization of single-cell combinatorial indexing datasets, and a valuable resource of hippocampal regulatory networks at single-cell resolution. We utilized sci-ATAC-seq to produce 2,346 high-quality single-cell chromatin accessibility maps with a mean unique read count per cell of 29,201 from both fresh and frozen hippocampi, observing little difference in accessibility patterns between the preparations. Using this dataset, we identified eight distinct major clusters of cells representing both neuronal and non-neuronal cell types and characterized the driving regulatory factors and differentially accessible loci that define each cluster. We then applied a recently described co-accessibility framework,Cicero, which identified 146,818 links between promoters and putative distal regulatory DNA. Identified co-accessibility networks showed cell-type specificity, shedding light on key dynamic loci that reconfigure to specify hippocampal cell lineages. Lastly, we carried out an additional sci-ATAC-seq preparation from cultured hippocampal neurons (899 high-quality cells, 43,532 mean unique reads) that revealed substantial alterations in their epigenetic landscape compared to nuclei from hippocampal tissue. This dataset and accompanying analysis tools provide a new resource that can guide subsequent studies of the hippocampus.
Integrin αVβ6-EGFR crosstalk regulates bidirectional force transmission and controls breast cancer invasion
Authors: Thomas Joanna R. , Moore Kate M. , Sproat Caroline , Maldonado-Lorca Horacio J. , Mo Stephanie , Haider Syed , Hammond Dean , Thomas Gareth J. , Prior Ian A. , Cutillas Pedro R. , Jones Louise J. , Marshall John F. , Morgan Mark R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix within tumours control multiple cellular functions that drive cancer invasion and metastasis. However, the mechanisms controlling microenvironmental force sensation and transmission, and how these regulate transcriptional reprogramming and invasion, are unclear. Our aim was to understand how mechanical inputs are transmitted bidirectionally and translated into biochemical and transcriptional outputs to drive breast cancer progression. We reveal that adhesion receptor and growth factor receptor crosstalk regulates a bidirectional feedback mechanism co-ordinating force-dependent transcriptional regulation and invasion.Integrin αVβ6 drives invasion in a range of carcinomas and is a potential therapeutic target. αVβ6 exhibits unique biophysical properties that promote force-generation and increase matrix rigidity. We employed an inter-disciplinary approach incorporating proteomics, biophysical techniques and multi-modal live-cell imaging to dissect the role of αVβ6-EGFR crosstalk on transmission of mechanical signals bidirectionally between the extracellular matrix and nucleus.We show that αVβ6 expression correlates with poor prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and drives invasion of TNBC cells. Moreover, our data show that a complex regulatory mechanism exists involving crosstalk between αVβ6 integrin and EGFR that impacts matrix stiffness, force transmission to the nucleus, transcriptional reprogramming and microenvironment rigidity. αVβ6 engagement triggers EGFR & MAPK signalling and αVβ6-EGFR crosstalk regulates mutual receptor trafficking mechanisms. Consequently, EGF stimulation suppresses αVβ6-mediated force-application on the matrix and nuclear shuttling of force-dependent transcriptional co-activators YAP/TAZ. Finally, we show that crosstalk between αVβ6 & EGFR regulates TNBC invasion.We propose a model whereby αVβ6-EGFR crosstalk regulates matrix stiffening, but also the transmission of extracellular forces into the cell in order to co-ordinate transcriptional reprogramming and invasion. To exploit adhesion receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases therapeutically, it will be essential to understand the integration of their signalling functions and how crosstalk mechanisms influence invasion and the response of tumours to molecular therapeutics.
Evaluating analgesic efficacy and administration route following craniotomy in mice using the grimace scale
Authors: Cho Chulmin , Michalidis Vassilia , Lecker Irene , Collymore Chereen , Hanwell David , Loka Mary , Danesh Matthew , Pham Christine , Urban Paige , Bonin Robert P. , Martin Loren J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMost research laboratories abide by guidelines and mandates set by their research institution regarding the administration of analgesics to control pain during the postoperative period. Unfortunately, measuring pain originating from the head is difficult, making adequate decisions regarding pain control following stereotaxic surgery problematic. In addition, most postsurgical analgesia protocols require multiple injections over several days, which may cause stress and distress during a critical recovery period. Here we sought to 1) assess the degree of postoperative pain following craniotomy in mice, 2) compare the efficacy of three common rodent analgesics (carprofen, meloxicam and buprenorphine) for reducing this pain and 3) determine whether the route of administration (injected or self-administered through the water supply) influenced pain relief post-craniotomy. Using the mouse grimace scale (MGS), we found that injectable analgesics were significantly more effective at relieving post-craniotomy pain, however, both routes of administration decreased pain scores in the first 24 h post-surgery. Specifically, buprenorphine administered independently of administration route was the most effective at reducing MGS scores, however, female mice showed greater sensitivity to carprofen when administered through the water supply. Although it is necessary to provide laboratory animals with analgesics after an invasive procedure, there remains a gap in the literature regarding the degree of craniotomy-related pain in rodents and the efficacy of alternative routes of administration. Our study highlights the limitations of administering drugs through the water supply, even at doses that are considered to be higher than those currently recommended by most research institutions for treating pain of mild to moderate severity.
A pathogen-responsive gene cluster for the production of highly modified fatty acids in tomato
Authors: Jeon Ju Eun , Kim Jung-Gun , Fischer Curt R. , Dufour-Schroif Cosima , Wemmer Kimberly , Mudgett Mary Beth , Sattely Elizabeth 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn response to biotic stress, plants reshape their complement of lipids to produce suites of highly modified fatty acids that bear unusual chemical functionality. Despite their chemical complexity, proposed roles in pathogen defense and presence in crop plants, little is known about the biosynthesis of these decorated fatty acids. Falcarindiol is a prototypical member of a suite of acetylenic lipids from carrot, tomato, and celery that inhibits growth of several fungal strains and human cancer cell lines. Here we report a set of clustered genes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) that are required for the production of falcarindiol in leaves in response to treatment with an adapted fungal pathogen, Cladosporium fulvum. Our approach is based on correlation of untargeted transcriptomic and metabolomic data sets in order to rapidly identify a candidate biosynthetic pathway. By reconstituting the initial biosynthetic steps in a heterologous host (Nicotiana benthamiana) and generating stable transgenic pathway mutants in tomato, we demonstrate a direct role for three genes in the cluster in falcarindiol biosynthesis. This work reveals a mechanism by which plants sculpt their lipid pool in response to pathogens, and provides critical insight into the biochemistry of alkynyl lipid production.One Sentence SummaryA biosynthetic gene cluster for the production of falcarindiol, a highly modified antifungal oxylipin found in edible plants.
Singularity consideration in the integral equations for contactless inductive flow tomography
Authors: Jacobs Ralf T. , Wondrak Thomas , Stefani Frank 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
The contactless inductive flow tomography is a procedure that enables the reconstruction of the global three-dimensional flow structure of an electrically conducting fluid by measuring the flow-induced magnetic flux density outside the melt and by subsequently solving the associated linear inverse problem. The purpose of this study is to improve the accuracy of the computation of the forward problem, since the forward solution primarily determines the accuracy of the inversion.

Design/methodology/approach
The tomography procedure is described by a system of coupled integral equations where the integrals contain a singularity when a source point coincides with a field point. The integrals need to be evaluated to a high degree of precision to establish an accurate foundation for the inversion. The contribution of a singular point to the value of the surface and volume integrals in the system is determined by analysing the behaviour of the fields and integrals in the close proximity of the singularity.

Findings
A significant improvement of the accuracy is achieved by applying higher order elements and by attributing special attention to the singularities inherent in the integral equations.

Originality/value
The contribution of a singular point to the value of the surface integrals in the system is dependent upon the geometry of the boundary at the singular point. The computation of the integrals is described in detail and the improper surface and volume integrals are shown to exist. The treatment of the singularities represents a novelty in the contactless inductive flow tomography and is the focal point of this investigation.
Engaging instructional design and instructor role in online learning environment
Authors: Arghode Vishal , Brieger Earl , Wang Jia 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to review the literature to discuss engaging online instructional design and instructors’ role in enhancing learner engagement in educational and corporate settings.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper carries out a narrative literature review.

Findings
Instructor presence in online learner engagement is a multidimensional effort, and learner engagement can be established in online instruction through communication, consistent feedback on learner performance and critical discourse. Building connection with the learners is essential in an online learning environment. Engaging online instructors challenge and encourage learners to spare more academic effort, use techniques to improve engagement and involve and care about learners.

Research limitations/implications
Instructors’ roles in shaping online learning and instruction deserve more attention. More research is needed to understand which technologies work best for specific academic areas or learner demographics and why online learners find it difficult to learn with peers unless supplemented with appropriate online instruction.

Practical implications
This review offers strategies for improved online instructional design to achieve learning engagement.

Originality/value
This review highlights an underexplored concept of instructors’ role in creating engaging online instructional design by understanding learner needs and receptiveness.
Fabrication and characterization of a flexible capacitive sensor on PET fabric
Authors: Golabzaei Sabereh , Khajavi Ramin , Shayanfar Heydar Ali , Yazdanshenas Mohammad Esmail , Talebi Nemat 
Published: September 2018

PurposeThere is a developing interest in flexible sensors, especially in the new and intelligent generation of textiles. The purpose of this paper is to fabricate a flexible capacitive sensor on a PET fabric and to investigate some affecting factor on its performance.Design/methodology/approachPET fabric, coated with graphite or with graphite/PEDOT:PSS, was applied as electrodes. Two types of electrospun nanoweb layers from polyamide and polyvinyl alcohol polymers were used as dielectrics. Some factors including electrode area, fabric conductivity, fabric roughness, dielectric thickness, dielectric insulation type and vertical pressure were considered as independent variables. The capacity of the sensor and its detection threshold considered as the outcome (response) variables. Control samples were fabricated by using aluminum plates and cellulosic layer as electrodes and dielectric, respectively.FindingsResults showed that post-coating with PEDOT:PSS would improve the conductivity of electrodes up to 300 Ω in comparison with just graphite-coated samples. It was also found that either by improving the conductivity or increasing the area of electrode plates the sensitivity of sample would be increased in pressure stimulating tests.Originality/valueThe fabric sensor showed remarkable response toward pressure with a lower detection threshold of 30mN/cm2(obtained capacity ~ 4×104 pF) in comparison with aluminum electrode sensors.