bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenomenologies of the trinity: Trends in recent philosophy of religion
Authors: Rivera Joseph 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis article discusses the theoretical issues and findings of a recent trend in phenomenology of religion: the manifestation of the Trinity. Section one highlights the classical model of the Trinity as mystery. The Trinity is as an elusive phenomenon that can be grasped only as an article of faith. Section two outlines important features of manifestation and experience in Husserl's phenomenology, which lays the conceptual groundwork for the phenomenology of religion. Section three discusses two proposals of a phenomenology of the Trinity, in which faith can be understood as an intentional stance may make possible the Trinity's manifestation as a subjective phenomenon. The conclusion locates the principal weakness of the phenomenology of the Trinity in the proponents' tendency to ignore doctrinal development and theological debate, especially of the fourth and fifth‐centuries, which gave shape to the Trinity as a doctrine as such.
Bayesian Analysis of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data with Spatially Varying Auto-Regressive Orders
Authors: Teng Ming , Nathoo Farouk S. , Johnson Timothy D. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryStatistical modelling of functional magnetic resonance imaging data is challenging as the data are both spatially and temporally correlated. Spatially, measurements are taken at thousands of contiguous regions, called voxels, and temporally measurements are taken at hundreds of time points at each voxel. Recent advances in Bayesian hierarchical modelling have addressed the challenges of spatiotemporal structure in functional magnetic resonance imaging data with models incorporating both spatial and temporal priors for signal and noise. Whereas there has been extensive research on modelling the functional magnetic resonance imaging signal (i.e. the convolution of the experimental design with the functional choice for the haemodynamic response function) and its spatial variability, less attention has been paid to realistic modelling of the temporal dependence that typically exists within the functional magnetic resonance imaging noise, where a low order auto-regressive process is typically adopted. Furthermore, the auto-regressive order is held constant across voxels (e.g. AR(1) at each voxel). Motivated by an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment, we propose a novel hierarchical Bayesian model with automatic selection of the auto-regressive orders of the noise process that vary spatially over the brain. With simulation studies we show that our model is more statistically efficient and we apply it to our motivating example.
Effects of eccentric versus concentric contractions of the biceps brachii on intracortical inhibition and facilitation
Authors: Latella Christopher , Goodwill Alicia M. , Muthalib Makii , Hendy Ashlee M. , Major Brendan , Nosaka Kazunori , Teo Wei‐Peng 
Published: November 2018

Differences in the neural mechanisms underpinning eccentric (ECC) and concentric (CON) contractions exist; however, the acute effects of fatiguing muscle contractions on intracortical and corticospinal excitability are not well understood. Therefore, we compared maximal ECC and CON contractions of the right biceps brachii (BB) muscle for changes in corticospinal excitability, short‐ (SICI) and long‐interval intracortical inhibition (LICI) and intracortical facilitation (ICF) up to 1 hour post‐exercise. Fourteen right‐handed adults (11 M/3F; 26.8 ± 2.9 year) undertook a single session of 3 sets of 10 maximal ECC or CON contractions (180‐second rest between sets) on an isokinetic dynamometer (40°/s) separated by 1 week, in a randomized crossover study. Maximum voluntary isometric contraction torque (MVIC), maximal muscle compound waves (MMAX), and motor‐evoked potentials elicited through transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) were recorded via surface electromyography from the right BB. MVIC decreased (P < 0.001) immediately after ECC and CON contractions similarly, but the decrease was sustained at 1 hour post‐ECC contractions only. MMAX was reduced immediately (P = 0.014) and 1 hour post‐exercise (P = 0.019) only for ECC contractions. SICI and ICF increased immediately after ECC and CON contractions (P < 0.001), but LICI increased only after ECC contractions (P < 0.001), and these increases remained at 1 hour post‐ECC contractions only. These findings suggest that ECC contractions induced a longer‐lasting neuromodulatory effect on intracortical inhibition and facilitation, which could indicate a central compensatory response to peripheral fatigue.
Guillain‐Barré syndrome post renal transplant: A systematic review
Authors: Ostman Cecilia , Chacko Bobby 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundGuillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) is a common ascending polyneuropathy in adults. It is often associated with preceding viral or diarrhoeal illness with cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV), or Campylobacter jejuni. Solid organ transplant recipients are more susceptible to opportunistic infections with CMV than the general population as a result of immunosuppressive therapies to prevent graft rejection. However, reports of GBS are rare in this population.ObjectiveTo systematically review cases of GBS in renal transplant patients to evaluate causative pathogens or triggers, management and associated morbidity and mortality.Methods and resultsWe conducted a systematic search of the MEDLINE database uncovering 17 cases of GBS in renal transplant patients in the literature. The majority of cases were in males (81%) and patients who received deceased donor renal transplants (87%). The mean age was 44.7 years (SD 13). The time between transplant and onset of symptoms ranged from 2 days to 10 years (Mean = 720 days). GBS was commonly associated with antecedent viral (CMV 12; EBV 1) or diarrhoeal (2) illness while two cases were attributed to calcineurin inhibitor use. All patients recovered fully or partially after treatment with anti‐viral or anti‐bacterial agents, immunoglobulins, and/or plasma exchange.ConclusionCytomegalovirus is the most common trigger for GBS in the post‐renal transplant setting. Other triggers include campylobacter jejuni and calcineurin inhibitors. GBS should be considered in transplant patients presenting with weakness or paralysis in order to institute timely management.
In vitro comparison of linear vs triangular screw configuration to stabilize complete uniarticular parasagittal fractures of the proximal phalanx in horses
Authors: Labens Raphael , Khairuddin Nurul H. , Murray Mark , Jermyn Kieri , Ahmad Roohi S. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo assess fracture gap reduction and stability of linear vs triangular 4.5‐mm lag screw repair of experimental, uniarticular, and complete forelimb proximal phalanx (P1) fractures.Study designExperimental.Sample populationFourteen equine cadaver limbs/horses.MethodsSimulated fractures were repaired with 2 lag screws under 4‐Nm insertion torque (linear repair). Computed tomography (CT) imaging was performed with the leg unloaded and loaded to forces generated while walking. The fracture repair was revised to include 3 lag screws placed with the same insertion torque (triangular repair) prior to CT. The width of the fracture gap was assessed qualitatively by 2 observers and graded on the basis of gap measurements relative to the average voxel size at dorsal, mid, and palmar P1 sites. Interobserver agreement was assessed with Cohen's κ. The effect of repair type, loading condition, and measurement site on fracture gap grades was evaluated by using Kendall's τ‐b correlation coefficients and paired nonparametric tests. Significance was set at P ≤ .05.ResultsAgreement between loading and fracture gap widening was fair in triangular (κ = 0.53) and excellent in linear (κ = 0.81) repairs. Loading resulted in fracture gap distraction in linear repairs (Plinear = .008). Triangular repairs reduced fractures better irrespective of loading (Punloaded = .003; Ploaded < .001). The type of repair was not correlated with fracture gap grades at unloaded mid and loaded dorsal P1 sites.ConclusionRepair of uniarticular complete parasagittal fractures with a triangular screw configuration improved in vitro fracture gap reduction and stability.Clinical significanceTriangular lag screw repair likely improves biomechanical conditions during postoperative weight bearing.
PRINSIP PENENTUAN HUKUM TERHADAP PEMBAHAGIAN DAGING KORBAN KEPADA NON-MUSLIM MENURUT MAZHAB SYAFCIE (THE LEGAL PRINCIPLES OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF MEAT (QURBANI) TO NON-MUSLIM FROM SYAFIE’S THOUGHT)
Authors: Daud Mohd Lukman Bin , Mohd Kashim Mohd Izhar Ariff 
Published: November 2018

This article discusses the principles of law applicable to the distribution of meat (Qurbani) to non-muslims by Syafie school of thought. There are differences of opinion among scholars Syafie in this issue. Some scholars argue Syafiiyyah can not give the meat (Qurbani) to the non-muslim and the views expressed should give some meat to non-muslims. The objective of this study was to examine the views of jurists regarding the Shafi'i school of law of distribution of meat (Qurbani) to non-muslims as well as scholars analyze ͨviews and arguments relating to the legal distribution of selected meat to non-muslims. To complement this study, the method of data collection was conducted using qualitative design using document analysis and semi-structured interview method also. The results showed that the views in the said Syafie school of thought should give meat (Qurbani) to non-muslims is more appropriate and acceptable in the context of cross-religious and pluralistic society in Malaysia. This must be viewed from the angle maslahah and also from the point of Maqasid propaganda for them.
Salton Sea: An ecosystem in crisis
Authors: Upadhyay Ranjit Kumar , Kumari Sarita , Kumari Sangeeta , Rai Vikas 
Published: November 2018

Salton Sea (a destination resort) is to be saved from being converted into a skeleton-filled wasteland. The critical amount of water flowing into the sea to maintain its level and salinity has been diverted since January 2018. This will lead to shrinking volumes and increasing salinities. Ecological consequences and public health impacts of altered conditions will be phenomenal. We design and analyze a minimal eco-epidemiological model to figure out future journey of this sea; a way station for fish-eating migratory birds. The mathematical model has been assembled in terms of prey-predator interaction. The salient feature of the proposed model is its seasonally varying contact rate which represents rate of conversion of susceptible fishes into infectives. We have analytically investigated the global stability, disease persistence and periodic solutions of the proposed model system. Susceptible prey-induced periodic solution is globally asymptotically stable when [Formula: see text], otherwise unstable and hence disease persists for [Formula: see text].Global stability and Hopf bifurcation (HB) analysis help us extract parameter values to explore the dynamical behavior of the model system. Two-dimensional parameter scans and bifurcation diagrams reveal that the model displays propensity towards chaotic dynamics, which is associated with extinction-sized population densities. In the presence of stochastic external forces, this implies extinction of most of the fish species. This, in turn, suggests that resident birds will have to migrate to other destinations. The fish-eating migratory birds will be forced to switch over to invertebrates. Ecological consequences and public health impacts of this transition would be severe. Conservation groups are solicited to draw attention of the government to avert this impounding danger. It is important to plan for an ecosystem-wide transition such that impacts on birds and on human inhabitants living adjacent to the shrinking and salinizing sea are minimized.
Rethinking assumptions about how trial and nuisance variability impact neural task performance in a fast-processing regime
Authors: Roth Noam , Rust Nicole C. 
Published: November 2018

Task performance is determined not only by the amount of task-relevant signal present in our brains but also by the presence of noise, which can arise from multiple sources. Internal noise, or “trial variability,” manifests as trial-by-trial variations in neural responses under seemingly identical conditions. External factors can also translate into noise, particularly when a task requires extraction of a particular type of information from our environment amid changes in other task-irrelevant “nuisance” parameters. To better understand how signal, trial variability, and nuisance variability combine to determine neural task performance, we explored their interactions, both in simulation and when applied to recorded neural data. This exploration revealed that trial variability is typically larger than a neuron’s task-relevant signal for tasks with fast reaction times, where spike count integration windows are short. In this low signal-to-trial variability regime, nuisance variability has the counterintuitive property of having a negligible impact on single-neuron task performance, even when it dominates the task-relevant signal. The inconsequential impact of nuisance variability on individual neurons also extends to descriptions of population performance, under the assumption that both trial and nuisance variability are uncorrelated between neurons. These results demonstrate that some basic intuitions about neural coding are misguided in the context of a fast-processing, low-spike-count regime. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Many everyday tasks require us to extract specific information from our environment while ignoring other things. When the neurons in our brains that carry task-relevant signals are also modulated by task-irrelevant “nuisance” information, nuisance modulation is expected to act as performance-limiting noise. Using both simulated and recorded neural data, we demonstrate that these intuitions are misguided when the brain operates in a fast-processing, low-spike-count regime, where nuisance variability is largely inconsequential for performance.
Bathyconchoecilla, a new genus of deep plankto-benthic halocyprids (Ostracoda, Myodocopa) from the northern Pacific and an overview of Bathyconchoeciinae
Authors: Chavtur Vladimir G. , Bashmanov Alexander G. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Plankto-benthic ostracods of the subfamily Bathyconchoeciinae constitute an extremely heterogeneous group of species, as well in body size, as well as in the shape and structure of carapace and limbs. At present, their fauna contains 35 known (described) species, belonging to four genera. Besides that, about 50 species with still open nomenclature were noted in the literature and have been found in material from our collections. A preliminary morphological analysis of the bathyconchoeciines allowed, in addition, to single out 13 species complexes (= putative genera). One of these genera is described herein as Bathyconchoecilla gen. nov., from the deep-sea zone of the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench. The new genus differs from other genera in this subfamily by the shape and sculpture of the carapace, the location of the left hook on the second antenna in the male, and the structure of the coxale and basale of the mandible and the endites of the maxilla.
The lived experience of refractory breathlessness for people living in the community
Authors: Tieck Kezia , Mackenzie Lynette , Lovell Melanie 
Published: November 2018

Introduction Refractory breathlessness occurs at rest or on minimal exertion and persists chronically despite optimal treatment of the underlying cause. The burden and prevalence of breathlessness is high, yet symptoms remain under-treated and those affected struggle daily with the condition. This study aims to gain a greater understanding of the lived experience of refractory breathlessness and its effect on daily activities. Method Participants were recruited from a Sydney-based outpatient breathlessness clinic. An exploratory qualitative approach was undertaken with individual, semi-structured interviews, using NVivo software to conduct thematic analysis. The study recruited consecutive patients until thematic saturation was reached. Results Six participants were interviewed and four main themes identified. 1. Living on the edge, referring to the extreme feeling of breathlessness experienced by patients; 2. Social meanings of breathlessness, describing the significance of social support; 3. Reduced to the basics, referring to the effect breathlessness has on basic daily tasks; and 4. Sources of security, which describes the measures participants take to protect themselves from their own breathlessness. Conclusion Participants noted the importance of functional participation for improved engagement and quality of life. There is scope to develop specific interventions and occupational therapy services incorporating self-management and equipment prescription for people with dyspnoea.
The crucible of early career psychiatry
Authors: Ng Lillian , Steane Richard , Scollay Natalie , Harris Stephen , Milosevic Jasminka , Young Kirsten , Tan David , Chow Samantha 
Published: November 2018

Objective: To capture the voices of psychiatrists as they reflect on challenges at the early stages of the career trajectory. Method: Early career psychiatrists contributed reflections that identified various challenges in the transition from trainee to consultant psychiatrist. Results: Common difficulties included negotiating role transition and conflict. Specific events had deep impact such as involvement with a patient who had committed suicide. Conclusions: Challenges in the early career stage as a consultant psychiatrist may have lasting or career defining impact. Written reflection is a valuable tool that can impart collective learning, provide validation and engender support among peers.
Radiographic Analysis of National Football League Players’ Fifth Metatarsal Morphology Relationship to Proximal Fifth Metatarsal Fracture Risk
Authors: Karnovsky Sydney C. , Rosenbaum Andrew J. , DeSandis Bridget , Johnson Christopher , Murphy Conor I. , Warren Russell F. , Taylor Samuel A. , Drakos Mark C. 
Published: November 2018

Background: Fractures of the proximal fifth metatarsal are one of the most common foot injuries in athletes. Repetitive stresses endured by the fifth metatarsal can lead to stress fracture, delayed union, and refracture, making optimal treatment challenging. A radiographic analysis of fifth metatarsal morphology and foot type in National Football League (NFL) players was performed to investigate morphologic risk factors for these injuries. Methods: This was a case-control study that looked at NFL players treated between 1992 and 2012, as well as participants at the NFL Combine. Ninety-six feet (51 athletes) were included. Fractures were present in 15 feet. Two reviewers assessed fifth metatarsal morphology and foot type on anteroposterior, lateral, and oblique radiographs. Differences in foot type and metatarsal morphology between athletes with and without fractures were determined. Results: On anteroposterior radiographs, significant differences in apex medullary canal width, 4-5 intermetatarsal angle, fifth metatarsal angle, and talar head uncovering were observed between fractured and non-fractured feet ( P = .001, .003, .004, .008, respectively). On lateral radiographs, significant differences in the fifth metatarsal length, distance to apex, apex height, fifth metatarsal angle, and talocalcaneal angle were observed between fractured and nonfractured feet ( P = .04, .01, .02, .01, .01, respectively). On oblique radiographs, a significant difference was observed in apex height between fractured and nonfractured feet ( P = .002). Conclusion: Individuals with long, narrow, and straight fifth metatarsals with an adducted forefoot were most at risk for fifth metatarsal fractures. With this insight, attempts at fracture prevention can be implemented via footwear modifications, orthoses, and off-loading braces that account for those aforementioned morphologic attributes that place athletes at risk. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Prognostic factors for survival in patients with metastatic malign melanoma treated with ipilimumab: Turkish Oncology Group study
Authors: Urun Yuksel , Yasar H Arzu , Turna Hande , Esin Ece , Sedef A Murat , Alkan Ali , Oksuzoglu Berna , Ozdemir Nuriye , Sendur MA Nahit , Sezer Ahmet , Kılıckap Saadettin , Utkan Gungor , Akman Tulay , Akbulut Hakan , Celik Ismail , Abalı Huseyin 
Published: November 2018

Purpose Studies in the last decade show survival improvement with checkpoint blocker therapy in patients with metastatic malign melanoma. Our purpose was to define the efficacy of ipilimumab according to the patient's baseline characteristics including absolute lymphocytes count. Methods We collected the data of 97 patients with advanced malign melanoma treated with ipilimumab (3 mg/kg, q3w) retrospectively. Log-rank test was used to analyze the univariate effects of patient's characteristics (age, gender, metastatic sites, ECOG PS, type of melanoma, lactic dehydrogenase levels, anemia, lymphocytes (L), neutrophils (N), N/L ratio), c-kit and BRAF status. Survival analyses were estimated with Kaplan–Meier method. Cox regression analysis was used to assess the possible factors identified with log-rank test. Results The median age was 58, and 58% were male and 90% of patients had at least one prior systemic therapy. The median survival was 9.7 months for all patients; and the 12- and 24-month survival rates were 43% and 19%, respectively. Absolute lymphocytes count, lactic dehydrogenase level, bone metastasis, the number of metastatic sites, and RECIST response were significantly related to survival. After Cox regression analysis, RECIST response (complete or partial response), absolute lymphocytes count (more than 1500/mm3) and the number of metastatic sites (less than three sites) remained as significant independent prognostic factors for longer survival. Conclusion Ipilimumab improved survival of patients with metastatic malign melanoma. However, patients with fewer metastatic sites and higher absolute lymphocytes count have a significantly better benefit. To determine if these markers could be used to direct patient therapy, further validation analysis is needed.
Implications of parenteral chemotherapy dose standardisation in a tertiary oncology centre
Authors: Finch Milly , Masters Neil 
Published: November 2018

Background Dose banding parenteral chemotherapy has the potential to optimise aseptic unit capacity and reduce drug expenditure without compromising the service provided. Methods Dose banding tables from NHS England were implemented into the electronic chemotherapy prescribing system. Compliance to the dose bands was analysed and submitted quarterly. Analysis of drug expenditure, drug use and cost per milligram data was also collected. Results Expenditure on the 17 drugs identified in the 2016/17 dose standardisation CQUIN reduced by approximately £100,000 per month over the CQUIN despite an increase in the number of prescribed doses of these drugs. At the beginning of the year, the percentage of work compounded in house was 60%, which was reduced to 51% of total workload at the end of the year due to outsourcing commonly prescribed doses from commercial pharmaceutical aseptic manufacturers. Conclusion Dose banding parenteral chemotherapy is an efficient cost-saving strategy which also can help to increase the capacity of the aseptic unit.