bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Appearance‐based trust processing in schizophrenia
Authors: Sutherland Clare A. M. , Rhodes Gillian , Williams Nikolas , Connaughton Emily , Ewing Louise , Caruana Nathan , Langdon Robyn 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesSchizophrenia is characterized by impaired social interactions and altered trust. In the general population, trust is often based on facial appearance, with limited validity but enormous social consequences. The aim was to examine trust processing in schizophrenia and specifically to examine how people with schizophrenia use facial appearance as well as actual partner fairness to guide trusting decisions.DesignAn experimental economic game study.MethodsHere, we tested how patients with schizophrenia and control participants (each N = 24) use facial trustworthiness appearance and partner fairness behaviour to guide decisions in a multi‐round Trust Game. In the Trust Game, participants lent money to ‘partners’ whose facial appearance was either untrustworthy or trustworthy, and who either played fairly or unfairly. Clinical symptoms were measured as well as explicit trustworthiness impressions.ResultsOverall, the patients with schizophrenia showed unimpaired explicit facial trustworthiness impressions and unimpaired facial appearance biases in the Trust Game. Crucially, patients and controls significantly differed so that the patients with schizophrenia did not learn to discriminate in the Trust Game based on actual partner fairness, unlike control participants.ConclusionA failure to discriminate trust has important implications for everyday functioning in schizophrenia, as forming accurate trustworthiness beliefs is an essential social skill. Critically, without relying on more valid trust cues, people with schizophrenia may be especially susceptible to the misleading effect of appearance when making trusting decisions.Practitioner points

Findings

People with schizophrenia made very similar facial trustworthiness impressions to healthy controls and also used facial appearance to guide trust decisions similarly to controls.

However, the patient group were less able to explicitly distinguish between fair and unfair partners based on their behaviour compared with the control group.

Moreover, people with schizophrenia failed to use actual partner fairness to guide their financial decisions in the Trust Game, unlike controls, and this impairment was specific to a social task.

People with schizophrenia may be particularly reliant on facial appearance when trusting others, as they may struggle to incorporate more valid trustworthiness information in their decision‐making, such as actual partner fairness.
Distinct disease‐sensitive GABAergic neurons in the perirhinal cortex of Alzheimer's mice and patients
Authors: Sanchez‐Mejias Elisabeth , Nuñez‐Diaz Cristina , Sanchez‐Varo Raquel , Gomez‐Arboledas Angela , Garcia‐Leon Juan Antonio , Fernandez‐Valenzuela Juan Jose , Mejias‐Ortega Marina , Trujillo‐Estrada Laura , Baglietto‐Vargas David , Moreno‐Gonzalez Ines , Davila Jose Carlos , Vitorica Javier , Gutierrez Antonia 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNeuronal loss is the best neuropathological substrate that correlates with cortical atrophy and dementia in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Defective GABAergic neuronal functions may lead to cortical network hyperactivity and aberrant neuronal oscillations and in consequence, generate a detrimental alteration in memory processes. In this study, using immunohistochemical and stereological approaches, we report that the two major and non‐overlapping groups of inhibitory interneurons (SOM‐cells and PV‐cells) displayed distinct vulnerability in the perirhinal cortex of APP/PS1 mice and AD patients. SOM‐positive neurons were notably sensitive and exhibited a dramatic decrease in the perirhinal cortex of 6‐month‐old transgenic mice (57% and 61% in areas 36 and 35, respectively) and, most importantly, in AD patients (91% in Braak V–VI cases). In addition, this interneuron degenerative process seems to occur in parallel, and closely related, with the progression of the amyloid pathology. However, the population expressing PV was unaffected in APP/PS1 mice while in AD brains suffered a pronounced and significant loss (69%). As a key component of cortico‐hippocampal networks, the perirhinal cortex plays an important role in memory processes, especially in familiarity‐based memory recognition. Therefore, disrupted functional connectivity of this cortical region, as a result of the early SOM and PV neurodegeneration, might contribute to the altered brain rhythms and cognitive failures observed in the initial clinical phase of AD patients. Finally, these findings highlight the failure of amyloidogenic AD models to fully recapitulate the selective neuronal degeneration occurring in humans.
Mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin ligase 1 promotes autophagy flux to suppress the development of clear cell renal cell carcinomas
Authors: Yuan Yaoji , Li Xiezhao , Xu Yuyu , Zhao Haibo , Su Zhengming , Lai Dehui , Yang Weiqing , Chen Shuangxing , He Yongzhong , Li Xun , Liu Leyuan , Xu Guibin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractClear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the urinary system. Surgical intervention is the preferred treatment for ccRCC, but targeted biological therapy is required for postoperative recurrent or metastatic ccRCC. Autophagy is an intracellular degradation system for misfolded/aggregated proteins and dysfunctional organelles. Defective autophagy is associated with many diseases. Mul1 is a mitochondrion‐associated E3 ubiquitin ligase and involved in the regulation of divergent pathophysiological processes such as mitochondrial dynamics, and thus affects the development of various diseases including cancers. Whether Mul1 regulates ccRCC development and what is the mechanism remain unclear. Histochemical staining and immunoblotting were used to analyze the levels of Mul1 protein in human renal tissues. Statistical analysis of information associated with tissue microarray and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was conducted to show the relationship between Mul1 expression and clinical features and survival of ccRCC patients. Impact of Mul1 on rates of cell growth and migration and autophagy flux were tested in cultured cancer cells. Herein we show that Mul1 promoted autophagy flux to facilitate the degradation of P62‐associated protein aggresomes and adipose differentiation‐related protein (ADFP)‐associated lipid droplets and suppressed the growth and migration of ccRCC cells. Levels of Mul1 protein and mRNA were significantly reduced so that autophagy flux was likely blocked in ccRCC tissues, which is potentially correlated with enhancement of malignancy of ccRCC and impairment of patient survival. Therefore, Mul1 may promote autophagy to suppress the development of ccRCC.
State trading deregulation and prairie durum wheat production
Authors: Carter Colin A. , Ferguson Shon M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe estimate the impact of the 2012 removal of the Canadian Wheat Board's (CWB) single‐desk on the spatial pattern of durum wheat acres in Western Canada. We analyze changes in durum seeded acres with a panel regression and Census Agricultural Region data from 2004 to 2016. Our results indicate that removal of the CWB single‐desk had a significant impact on total durum production in Western Canada. In addition, we find that the spatial distribution of durum wheat acres shifted away from marginal durum‐growing areas and toward drier areas, an increase in specialization that arguably improved the efficiency of resource allocation.
Bioreactor‐manufactured cartilage grafts repair acute and chronic osteochondral defects in large animal studies
Authors: Vukasovic Andreja , Asnaghi Maria Adelaide , Kostesic Petar , Quasnichka Helen , Cozzolino Carmine , Pusic Maja , Hails Lauren , Trainor Nuala , Krause Christian , Figallo Elisa , Filardo Giuseppe , Kon Elizaveta , Wixmerten Anke , Maticic Drazen , Pellegrini Graziella , Kafienah Wael , Hudetz Damir , Smith Tim , Martin Ivan , Ivkovic Alan , Wendt David 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectivesBioreactor‐based production systems have the potential to overcome limitations associated with conventional tissue engineering manufacturing methods, facilitating regulatory compliant and cost‐effective production of engineered grafts for widespread clinical use. In this work, we established a bioreactor‐based manufacturing system for the production of cartilage grafts.Materials & MethodsAll bioprocesses, from cartilage biopsy digestion through the generation of engineered grafts, were performed in our bioreactor‐based manufacturing system. All bioreactor technologies and cartilage tissue engineering bioprocesses were transferred to an independent GMP facility, where engineered grafts were manufactured for two large animal studies.ResultsThe results of these studies demonstrate the safety and feasibility of the bioreactor‐based manufacturing approach. Moreover, grafts produced in the manufacturing system were first shown to accelerate the repair of acute osteochondral defects, compared to cell‐free scaffold implants. We then demonstrated that grafts produced in the system also facilitated faster repair in a more clinically relevant chronic defect model. Our data also suggested that bioreactor‐manufactured grafts may result in a more robust repair in the longer term.ConclusionBy demonstrating the safety and efficacy of bioreactor‐generated grafts in two large animal models, this work represents a pivotal step towards implementing the bioreactor‐based manufacturing system for the production of human cartilage grafts for clinical applications.Read the Editorial for this article on doi:10.1111/cpr.12625
Assessment of Patient Knowledge and Perceptions of Pharmacogenomics Before and After Using a Mock Results Patient Web Portal
Authors: Truong Tien M. , Lipschultz Elizabeth , Danahey Keith , Schierer Emily , Ratain Mark J. , O'Donnell Peter H. 
Published: September 2019

Our objective was to build a mock pharmacogenomic (PGx) patient portal and assess its ability to disseminate test results and information to patients. The YourPGx Portal delivered four sample PGx results (omeprazole, simvastatin, clopidogrel, and codeine). We hosted two study groups to assess patient knowledge and perceptions of PGx before and after accessing the portal. Ten PGx‐tested and 10 traditional care participants were included (average 61 years, 60% women, 50% African American, and 55% had a bachelor's/advanced degree). Participants scored significantly higher on the post‐test compared with the pre‐test, with no significant differences between baseline scores or score change between the groups. Patient perceptions also improved after accessing the portal—more patients wanted their providers to have access to test results, and more patients would encourage family/friends to get PGx testing. Patients would share their test results with their healthcare providers, spouse/partner, and family; none would share results with their friends or social media. Almost all patients (95%) said the portal was easy to use and 65% said it was easy to understand. In this pilot study, patients’ knowledge and perceptions of PGx improved after accessing the YourPGx Portal.
Do conditional cash transfers (CCTs) raise educational attainment? An impact evaluation of Juntos in Peru
Authors: Gaentzsch Anja 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMotivationMany evaluations show that conditional cash transfer (CCT) programmes raise school enrolment and attendance of children from low‐income households. Less evidence exists on the impact on learning and cognitive skills formation. This article contributes by evaluating the impacts of the CCT Juntos in Peru on school progression and performance in standardized test scores.PurposeWe investigate the overall impact of Juntos upon educational outcomes of beneficiary children. Specifically, we address two questions: does Juntos have an impact on school participation? Can programme participation be linked to impacts upon cognitive skills?Approach and methodsWe use a quasi‐experimental design that combines kernel matching with difference‐in‐difference estimation. We rely on data from the Young Lives panel survey and focus on a sample of 3,130 children aged 6–18 years old.FindingsThe article reports three main findings: (a) Juntos increases the chances of school enrolment and finishing primary school among children aged 12 to 18 years; (b) there is a positive effect on the transition to secondary school among the same age group, which is, however, only weakly significant at the 10% level; and (c) there is no positive impact on test scores of maths and language development among primary or secondary school‐aged children.Policy implicationsThe traditional demand‐side focus of CCTs risks neglecting supply factors related to service infrastructure and quality. The article suggests that policy‐makers need to study the structural mechanisms behind educational inequalities and integrate CCTs with measures to enhance skills formation for targeted households.
Association of serum cystatin C with white matter abnormalities in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Hirao Kentaro , Yamashita Fumio , Tsugawa Akito , Haime Rieko , Fukasawa Raita , Sato Tomohiko , Okita Misa , Shimizu Soichiro , Kanetaka Hidekazu , Umahara Takahiko , Sakurai Hirofumi , Hanyu Haruo 
Published: September 2019

AimWhite matter hyperintensities (WMH) on MRI have been reported to be a risk factor for the conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer's disease, although the reason remains unclear. In the present study, we hence investigated the associations between WMH volumes and cognitive function, blood levels of various molecules, and the presence of lifestyle‐associated diseases in patients with amnestic MCI.MethodsThe initial data of 38 patients with amnestic MCI and 10 normal control individuals were analyzed. The volumes of periventricular hyperintensities (PVH) and deep WMH (DWMH) were measured on T2 fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery using the imaging software, 3D Slicer; and the association between PVH/DWMH volumes and cognitive function, blood levels of molecules (such as cystatin C [CysC], 25‐hydroxyvitamin D and homocysteine) and the presence of lifestyle‐associated diseases (such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus) were analyzed.ResultsIn the MCI group, the PVH volume : intracranial volume ratio significantly correlated with Trail Making Test‐A/B scores and CysC level by Pearson's analysis, and the PVH volume : intracranial volume ratio significantly correlated with only CysC levels, whereas the DWMH volume : intracranial volume ratio did not correlate with any items at all by linear multiple regression analysis.ConclusionsPVH volume was closely associated with frontal lobe dysfunction, particularly with attention and executive dysfunction. Serum CysC level was associated with PVH volume, which suggests that CysC might be a useful marker for determining treatment strategies for white matter abnormalities in amnestic MCI. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 1036–1040.
The evolution of factor VIIa in the treatment of bleeding in haemophilia with inhibitors
Authors: Meeks Shannon L. , Leissinger Cindy A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe use of activated factor VII (FVIIa) for the treatment of bleeding events in haemophilia patients with inhibitors was first reported over 30 years ago. Since then clinical trials, registries, case series, real‐world experience and an understanding of its mechanism of action have transformed what was originally a scientific curiosity into one of the major treatments for inhibitor patients, with innovative therapeutic regimens, dose optimization and individualized care now widely practiced. Given current understanding and use, it might be easy to forget the years of clinical research that led up to this point; in this review, we lay out changes based on broad eras of rFVIIa use. These eras cover the original uncertainty associated with dosing, efficacy and safety; the transformation of care ushered in with its widespread use; and the optimization and individualization of patient care and the importance of specialized support provided by haemophilia treatment centres. Today with the introduction of novel prophylactic agents such as emicizumab, we once again find ourselves dealing with the uncertainties of how best to utilize rFVIIa and newer investigational variants such as marzeptacog alfa and eptacog beta; we hope that the experiences of the past three decades will serve as a guide for this new era of care.
Mutation profile of high‐grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm
Authors: Liao Xiaoyan , Vavinskaya Vera , Sun Katherine , Hao Yansheng , Li Xiaodong , Valasek Mark , Xu Ruliang , Polydorides Alexandros D , Houldsworth Jane , Harpaz Noam 
Published: September 2019

AimsHigh‐grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (HAMN) was recently proposed as a disease entity histologically analogous to low‐grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN), but characterised by high‐grade cytological atypia. The pathogenesis and clinical features of HAMN have not been fully elucidated.Methods and resultsNine cases of HAMN, eight LAMN, 10 appendiceal mucinous adenocarcinomas (MACA) and five appendiceal serrated polyps resected between 2008 and 2017 contributed by three medical centres underwent targeted next‐generation sequencing of 50 cancer‐related genes. The patients in each category had similar profiles with respect to gender, age, tumour stage and follow‐up intervals. Both LAMN and HAMN harboured mutations of KRAS [nine of nine and eight of eight (100%), respectively] and GNAS [five of eight (63%) and five of nine (56%), respectively] in significantly higher proportions than MACA [KRAS, seven of 10 (70%, P = 0.04); GNAS: one of 10 (10%, P = 0.02)] and serrated polyps [KRAS, one of five (20%, P = 0.0007); GNAS: none of five (0%, P = 0.04)]. Four cases of HAMN, but none of LAMN, harboured mutations of TP53 [four of nine (44%)] and/or ATM [two of nine (22%)]. Three cases of HAMN (33%) showed extra‐appendiceal spread with retention of the same mutational profiles in the intra‐ and extra‐appendiceal components. The 10 cases of MACA harboured a similar prevalence of TP53 mutations (n = 5, 50%) as HAMN but, unlike LAMN and HAMN, some harboured mutations in PIK3CA, APC, FBXW7, PTEN and SMAD4.ConclusionsHAMN and LAMN share high rates of KRAS and GNAS co‐mutations supporting a common histogenesis and distinguishing them from MACA. Acquisition of TP53 or ATM mutations by HAMN may drive its progression to a more advanced phenotype.
Presence of Cicadomorpha in olive orchards of Greece with special reference to Xylella fastidiosa vectors
Authors: Antonatos Spyridon , Papachristos Dimitrios P. , Kapantaidaki Despoina Evr. , Lytra Ioanna Ch. , Varikou Kyriaki , Evangelou Vasiliki I. , Milonas Panagiotis 
Published: September 2019

AbstractInsects of the infraorder Cicadomorpha cause serious economic impact on agriculture because of pathogens’ transmission. The vector‐borne bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, which is associated with olive quick decline syndrome, is exclusively transmitted by insects of this infraorder and more specific by sharpshooters and spittlebugs. Efficient control practices of the insect vectors are necessary for the control of the disease in cases of outbreaks. Therefore, the knowledge of the vectors' species as well as the robust understanding of their biology and ecology is of crucial importance. In the present study, extensive sampling was conducted in 28 olive orchards of Greece during the years 2017 and 2018 aiming to investigate which species of this infraorder are present, with special interest to those which are considered as vectors of the bacterium. During the surveys, 4,350 Cicadomorpha insects were collected. Forty‐two, five and one species of the families Cicadellidae, Aphrophoridae and Cercopidae, respectively, were identified. The results of the surveys revealed that the main potential vectors of X. fastidiosa in Greek olive orchards are the spittlebugs Philaenus spumarius and Neophilaenus campestris. Those species have wide distribution in Greece and are present for a long period during the year, and they inhabit both the ground vegetation and the olive trees' canopy. A representative portion of the captured spittlebugs was analysed with molecular methods, and the analysis confirmed the absence of X. fastidiosa in the tested individuals.
Medical good luck and medical bad luck
Authors: Prasad G.V. Ramesh 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEvery individual experiences good luck and bad luck. Three features characterize medical events associated with good luck or bad luck: There is no control over the event, the event occurs through chance or accident, and the event is of significant interest. These characteristics can be used to develop a working definition of medical luck. Medical good luck and medical bad luck are typically assigned to either the individual or to the event, but assigning these instead to the relationship between individual and event provides the opportunity for intervention. By assigning valences to each individual‐event relationship and summating them, the total good luck or bad luck associated with the event can be determined. Intervening in the medical event by increasing the valence of the significance for each affected individual to the event will increase that event's total good luck. A total valence of zero before or after intervention does not, however, imply absent medical luck but simply a combination of medical good luck and medical bad luck because significance interest in the event persists. Therefore, there is no medical luck simpliciter, only medical good luck and medical bad luck. Medical events are especially helpful to understanding good luck and bad luck, because they are non‐fictional, often generate significant interest, and are modifiable.
New records of the snow bass Serranus chionaraia (Perciformes: Serranidae) confirm an established population in the Brazilian Province
Authors: Pimentel Caio R. , Vilar Ciro C. , Rolim Fernanda A. , Abieri Maria L. , Joyeux Jean‐Christophe 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe snow bass Serranus chionaraia is a small‐bodied reef fish presumed to be restricted to the Caribbean Province, with a single specimen captured south of the Amazon River mouth. Recent surveys with baited remote underwater stereo‐video systems detected the species c. 1900 km southward. Meristic and morphometric characters of two specimens examined in this study confirmed the species identity, which greatly extends the speciesʼ range southward on the eastern coast of Brazil and indicates the presence of an established population of S. chionaraia in the Brazilian Province.