bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An insight into molecular motions and phase composition of gliadin/glutenin glycerol blends studied by13C solid‐state and1H time‐domain NMR
Authors: Diuk Andrade Fabiana , Newson William R. , Bernardinelli Oigres Daniel , Rasheed Faiza , Cobo Márcio Fernando , Plivelic Tomás S. , Ribeiro deAzevedo Eduardo , Kuktaite Ramune 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTMonitoring of the molecular motions and secondary structures of gliadin (Gli) and glutenin (Glu) in blends with 10, 20, 30, and 40% glycerol was performed by solid‐state (SS) and time domain (TD) NMR spectroscopy. Increasing the glycerol content increased the relative amount of β‐sheets and disordered structures, while decreasing α‐helices in Gli/Glu–glycerol blends studied by13C CPMAS NMR. For ≥20% glycerol samples, the protein side‐chain mobility increased similarly for Gli and Glu. A higher proportion of α‐helices versus β‐sheets was found in Gli‐glycerol blends compared with Glu–glycerol blends. Glycerol acted as “immobilized” in 10–20% glycerol Gli samples and was found mainly “free” in 30 and 40% glycerol Gli/Glu samples. During temperature experiments, 30 and 40% glycerol amounts impacted the dynamic molecular behavior of the Gli and Glu proteins differently than lipids, as observed by TD‐NMR. The combination of TD‐NMR together with SS‐NMR showed details of the dynamic molecular variations in Gli/Glu protein structure and are promising techniques to monitor the molecular dynamics of plasticized proteins. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys.2018,56, 739–750
Effect of management of organic wastes on inactivation of Brassica nigra and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lactucae using soil biosolarization
Authors: Fernández‐Bayo Jesus Dionisio , Randall Tara E , Harrold Duff R , Achmon Yigal , Hestmark Kelley V , Su Joey , Dahlquist‐Willard Ruth M , Gordon Thomas R , Stapleton James J , VanderGheynst Jean S , Simmons Christopher W 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDSoil biosolarization is a promising alternative to conventional fumigation. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) produced in the soil through fermentation of amended organic matter can affect pest inactivation during biosolarization. The objective was to determine how soil amended with organic wastes that were partially stabilized through either composting or anaerobic digestion affected the inactivation of Brassica nigra (BN; a weed) and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae (FOL; a phytopathogenic fungus).RESULTSThe mortality of BN seeds in the biosolarized soil was 12% higher than in the solarized soil, although this difference was not significant. However, a significant correlation between BN mortality and VFA accumulation was observed. The number of FOL colony‐forming units (CFU) in solarized samples at 5 cm was 34 CFU g–1 of soil, whereas in the biosolarized samples levels were below the limit of quantification. At 15 cm, these levels were 100 CFU g–1 for solarized samples and < 50 CFU g–1 of soil for the biosolarized samples. Amendment addition positively affected the organic matter and potassium content after the solarization process.CONCLUSIONThe organic waste stabilization method can impact downstream biosolarization performance and final pest inactivation levels. This study suggests that organic waste management practices can be leveraged to improve pest control and soil quality. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Picomolar‐scale compound‐specific isotope analyses
Authors: Baczynski Allison A. , Polissar Pratigya J. , Juchelka Dieter , Schwieters Johannes , Hilkert Andreas , Summons Roger E. , Freeman Katherine H. 
Published: February 2018

RationaleWe report modifications to compound‐specific isotope analyses (CSIA) to enable high‐precision isotopic analyses of picomoles of carbon for intact organic molecules. This sample size is two orders of magnitude below the amounts required for commercial systems. The greatly enhanced sensitivity of this system expands molecular isotope studies and applications previously prohibited by low concentrations and small samples.MethodsWe utilize the resolving power and low volumetric flow rates of narrow‐bore capillary gas chromatography to improve sample transfer efficiency while maintaining narrow peak widths. Post‐column peak broadening is minimized using a micro‐fluidic valve for solvent diversion, capillary combustion reactor, narrow‐bore capillary transfer lines, and cryogenic water trap. The mass spectrometer was fitted with collector amplifiers configured to 25 ms response times and a data logger board with firmware capable of rapid data acquisition. Carbon dioxide gas was introduced directly into the ion source to evaluate the dynamic range of the system and accuracy and precision of carbon isotope ratio (δ13C value) measurements. The accuracy and precision for combusted compounds were evaluated using a suite of n‐alkanes.ResultsFor ≥30 pmol carbon introduced directly into the ion source, the mean difference between the measured and expected δ13C values is 0.03‰ (1σ, n = 57) and the standard deviation of replicate measurements is 0.11‰ (1σ). The CO2 peak widths generated by the exponential dilution flask were 250 ms and the peak widths produced by combusting n‐alkanes were ca 500 ms, less than 25% the width of conventional gas chromatography peaks. For a mixture of 15 n‐alkanes (n‐C16 to n‐C30), the accuracy is 0.3‰ (1σ) and precision is 0.9‰ (1σ) for replicate δ13C measurements with 100 pmol carbon per compound on column.ConclusionsThe pico‐CSIA method described here offers improved chromatographic resolution and reduces sample size requirements by two orders of magnitude. These advances significantly broaden the available analytical window for CSIA in research areas frequently hindered by sample size limitations, such as forensics, paleoclimate, astrobiology, and biochemistry.
A Facile One‐Pot Transformation of Aromatic Aldehydes/Ketones to Amides: Fe2O3@SiO2 as an Environmentally Benign Core‐Shell Catalyst
Authors: Jain Prateek U. , Samant Shriniwas D. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA one‐pot conversion of aldehydes and ketones to amides via atom‐efficient Beckmann rearrangement over modified Fe2O3 (hematite) has been investigated. A series of core‐shell catalysts were prepared having Fe2O3 core and SiO2 shell by encapsulation of Fe2O3 with varying amounts of silica and characterized. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of catalysts showed that silica shell thickness increased from 10 nm to 39 nm, while inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP‐AES) determined that percent composition of Fe2O3 correspondingly decreased from ∼83% to 59%. Due to silica encapsulation, leaching of the catalytic species was minimized from ∼20% for Fe‐0 (100% Fe2O3) down to ∼10% for Fe‐4 (59% Fe2O3, 41% SiO2). Among the catalysts, Fe‐2 (71.3% Fe2O3, 28.7% SiO2) showed the best catalytic response for amide formation under optimized reaction conditions. The Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) surface area of Fe‐2 increased to 50 m2/g as compared to 34 m2/g of Fe‐0. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis (DSC‐TGA) found catalyst Fe‐2 to be stable till 600°C. The catalyst Fe‐2 could be reused five times with good yield of the amide and no loss in catalytic activity. Using optimized conditions, the one‐pot transformation of aldehydes to primary amides and ketones to secondary amides was efficiently carried out by the catalyst Fe‐2. Thus an inexpensive, reusable and environmentally benign solid acid core‐shell catalyst Fe2O3@SiO2 is proposed.
Help me if you can: Psychological distance and help‐seeking intentions in employee–supervisor relations
Authors: Berkovich Izhak , Eyal Ori 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSocial support at work is considered useful in treating job‐related stress, and supervisors' emotional support has been found to be the most effective source of support at work. But an understanding of what elements make employees use supervisors as a source of emotional support is lacking. The present qualitative study included in‐depth interviews with 24 teachers and 12 principals and a focus group with 12 school counsellors. The findings pointed at 2 groups of determinants of subordinates' intentions of asking socioemotional help from supervisors. The structural–organizational factors included low formalization structure, supportive and open work climate, shared goals, and manager's professional expertise; the dyadic factors included quality of relationship and demographic similarity. The determinants reflected different dimensions of psychological distance forming a close construal level that played a central part in employees' viewing the supervisor as an accessible socioemotional resource. The role of construal fit is discussed.
Validation of a hybrid modeling approach to floating wind turbine basin testing
Authors: Hall Matthew , Goupee Andrew J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHybrid modeling combining physical tests and numerical simulations in real time opens new opportunities in floating wind turbine research. Wave basin testing is an important validation step for floating support structure design, but current methods are limited by scaling problems in the aerodynamic loadings. Applying wind turbine loads with an actuation system controlled by a simulation that responds to the basin test offers a way to avoid scaling problems and reduce cost barriers for floating wind turbine design validation in realistic coupled conditions. In this work, a cable‐based hybrid coupling approach is developed and implemented for 1:50‐scale wave basin tests with the DeepCwind semisubmersible floating wind turbine. Tests are run with thrust loads provided by a numerical wind turbine model. Matching tests are run with physical wind loads using an above‐basin wind maker. When the numerical submodel is set to match the aerodynamic performance of the physical scaled wind turbine, the results show good agreement with purely physical wind‐wave tests, validating the hybrid model approach. Further hybrid model tests with simulated true‐to‐scale dynamic thrust loads and wind turbulence show noticeable differences and demonstrate the value of a hybrid model approach for improving the true‐to‐scale realism of floating wind turbine basin tests.
Using DNA from hairs left at depredated greater sage‐grouse nests to detect mammalian nest predators
Authors: Kirol Christopher P. , Pilgrim Kristine L. , Sutphin Andrew L. , Maechtle Thomas L. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTDespite a multitude of studies on sage‐grouse (Centrocercus spp.), there is still sparse information on the predator communities that influence sage‐grouse productivity and how these predator communities may change when sagebrush habitats are altered by human activities. As a proof‐of‐concept, we used mammalian hairs collected at depredated greater sage‐grouse (C. urophasianus) nests and mitochondrial DNA sequencing to identify mammalian species that deposited the hairs at the depredated nests. We monitored nests of radiomarked female greater sage‐grouse in an oil and gas development area in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming, USA, from 2009 to 2011. We collected mammalian hair samples from 56 depredated nests. We detected 5 species: American badger (Taxidea taxus), bobcat (Lynx rufus), coyote (Canis latrans), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), and striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis). Red fox and striped skunk are considered exotic predators—species outside of their historical range—in our study area and represented 20% of our detections. This method could be improved by gathering and analyzing various types of DNA sources including predator saliva from egg shell fragments, predator scat, and even feathers left by avian predators. Our results suggest that this method has merit as a noninvasive tool to better understand the community of mammalian nest predators present within large study areas, and role of exotic predators in sagebrush habitats. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Consolidation/Tumor Ratio on Chest Computed Tomography as Predictor of Postoperative Nodal Upstaging in Clinical T1N0 Lung Cancer
Authors: Moon Youngkyu , Park Jae Kil , Lee Kyo Young , Namkoong Min , Ahn Seha 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundIn clinical T1N0 peripheral lung cancers, lymph node upstaging is occasionally encountered postoperatively. However, nodal upstaging is rare in lung cancers presenting as ground‐glass opacities. The aim of this study was to determine if lymph node upstaging could be reliably extrapolated from parameters such the consolidation/tumor ratio of chest computed tomography.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of 486 patients treated for peripheral clinical T1N0 non‐small cell lung cancer, each undergoing lobectomy with mediastinal lymph node dissection. We compared preoperative variables in the pathologic N0 and nodal upstaging groups, analyzing such variables to determine factors predictive of lymph node upstaging.ResultsOf the 486 patients studied, lymph node upstaging occurred in 42 (8.6%). In the upstaging group, the mean nodule diameter exceeded that of the pathologic N0 group (2.3 vs 1.9 cm, respectively; p < 0.001), and the mean consolidation/tumor ratio was larger in the upstaging group than the pN0 group (0.95 vs 0.68, respectively; p < 0.001). Nodule diameter and consolidation/tumor ratio emerged as significant predictive factors for lymph node upstaging after surgery in a multivariate analysis (hazard ratio [HR] 2.259, p = 0.039; HR 173.645, p = 0.001, respectively).ConclusionsConsolidation/tumor ratio and nodule diameter are significant predictive factors of postoperative lymph node upstaging. The higher the consolidation/tumor ratio and smaller the nodule diameter, the less likely the occurrence of postoperative lymph upstaging would be in clinical T1N0 peripheral non‐small cell lung cancer.
INCOMPLETENESS IN THE FINITE DOMAIN
Authors: PUDLÁK PAVEL 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMotivated by the problem of finding finite versions of classical incompleteness theorems, we present some conjectures that go beyondNP≠coNP. These conjectures formally connect computational complexity with the difficulty of proving some sentences, which means that high computational complexity of a problem associated with a sentence implies that the sentence is not provable in a weak theory, or requires a long proof. Another reason for putting forward these conjectures is that some results in proof complexity seem to be special cases of such general statements and we want to formalize and fully understand these statements. Roughly speaking, we are trying to connect syntactic complexity, by which we mean the complexity of sentences and strengths of the theories in which they are provable, with the semantic concept of complexity of the computational problems represented by these sentences.We have introduced the most fundamental conjectures in our earlier works [27, 33–35]. Our aim in this article is to present them in a more systematic way, along with several new conjectures, and prove new connections between them and some other statements studied before.
Evaluation of the Xpert MTB/RIF Performance on Tissues: Potential Impact on Airborne Infection Isolation at a Tertiary Cancer Care Center
Authors: McMillen Tracy , Usiak Shauna C. , Chen Liang Hua , Gomez Luz , Ntiamoah Peter , Hameed Meera R. , Budvytiene Indre , Banaei Niaz , Kamboj Mini , Babady N. Esther 
Published: February 2018

OBJECTIVESIn this study, we sought to evaluate the performance of the Xpert MTB/RIF (Cepheid) assay for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) complex DNA on fresh and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue specimens from oncology patients in an area with a low prevalence of tuberculosis. We also aimed to retrospectively assess the potential impact of Xpert MTB/RIF on the duration of airborne infection isolation (AII).SETTINGA 473-bed, tertiary-care cancer center in New York City.DESIGNA total of 203 tissue samples (101 FFPE and 102 fresh) were tested using Xpert MTB/RIF, including 133 pulmonary tissue samples (65.5%) and 70 extrapulmonary tissue samples (34.5%). Acid-fast bacilli (AFB) culture was used as the diagnostic gold standard. The limit of detection (LOD) and reproducibility were also evaluated for both samples types using contrived specimens. The potential impact of the Xpert MTB PCR assay on tissue samples from AII patients on AII duration was retrospectively assessed.RESULTSUsing the Xpert MTB/RIF for fresh tissue specimens, the sensitivity was 50% (95% CI, 1.3%–98.7%) and the specificity was 99% (95% CI, 94.5%–99.9%). For FFPE tissue specimens, the sensitivity was 100% (95% CI, 63.1%–100%) and the specificity was 98.3% (95% CI, 95.5%–100%. The LOD was 103 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL for both fresh and FFPE tissue specimens, and the Xpert MTB/RIF was 100% reproducible at concentrations 10 times that of the LOD. With an expected turnaround time of 24 hours, the Xpert MTB PCR could decrease the duration of AII from a median of 8 days to a median of 1 day.CONCLUSIONSThe Xpert MTB/RIF assay offers a valid option for ruling out Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) on tissue samples from oncology patients and for minimizing AII resource utilization.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:462–466
Marine Isotope Stage 3 paleotemperature inferred from reconstructing the Die Shan ice cap, northeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Cui Hang , Wang Jie , Yu Beibei , Hu Zhenbo , Yao Pan , Harbor Jonathan M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractGlacial extent mapping and dating indicate that the local last glacial maximum (LLGM) of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau occurred during mid-Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3. This is asynchronous with the global last glacial maximum (LGM) that occurred during MIS 2. The causes underlying this asynchronicity are the subject of ongoing debate, and paleoclimatic reconstructions are a key to advancing understanding of the climatic influence on the spatial and temporal patterns of paleoglaciation. We used multiple methods to reconstruct the equilibrium-line altitude (ELA) of the Die Shan paleo-ice cap on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, and to infer past temperature for ice maximum positions believed to be mid-MIS 3 in age, based on regional correlation. Geomorphic ELA reconstructions combined with an energy and mass balance model yield a paleo-ELA of 4117±31 m asl (786 m lower than present) with temperature depressions of 3.8 to ~4.6°C compared to the present. This is less than the LGM reconstruction of temperature depression inferred from other climatic proxy records on the Tibetan Plateau and suggests that the LLGM glacial advance was a product of lower temperatures and slightly reduced precipitation compared to present, whereas the LGM was a more restricted advance in which much colder conditions were combined with much lower precipitation.
Note on Spectra of Non-Selfadjoint Operators Over Dynamical Systems
Authors: Beckus Siegfried , Lenz Daniel , Lindner Marko , Seifert Christian 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe consider equivariant continuous families of discrete one-dimensional operators over arbitrary dynamical systems. We introduce the concept of a pseudo-ergodic element of a dynamical system. We then show that all operators associated to pseudo-ergodic elements have the same spectrum and that this spectrum agrees with their essential spectrum. As a consequence we obtain that the spectrum is constant and agrees with the essential spectrum for all elements in the dynamical system if minimality holds.
Integrable Derivations and Stable Equivalences of Morita Type
Authors: Linckelmann Markus 
Published: February 2018

AbstractUsing that integrable derivations of symmetric algebras can be interpreted in terms of Bockstein homomorphisms in Hochschild cohomology, we show that integrable derivations are invariant under the transfer maps in Hochschild cohomology of symmetric algebras induced by stable equivalences of Morita type. With applications in block theory in mind, we allow complete discrete valuation rings of unequal characteristic.
MATERNAL SENSITIVITY AND PERFORMANCE AND VERBAL INTELLIGENCE IN LATE CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE
Authors: Dunkel Curtis S. , Woodley of Menie Michael A. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryThe aim of this study was to investigate the association between maternal sensitivity and offspring intelligence in late childhood and adolescence. Secondary data (N=117) from the Block and Block (2006a, b) 30-year longitudinal study of Californian children, which began in the late 1960s, was used to test the hypothesis that maternal sensitivity in childhood would be predictive of late childhood and adolescent intelligence. Correlational analyses revealed that maternal sensitivity, as judged by raters viewing mother’s interactions with their children in a set of four joint structured cognitive tasks when the child was 5 years of age, was associated with verbal and performance IQ test scores when the children were ages 11 and 18. Using hierarchical regression to control for child sex, socioeconomic status, child temperament, child baseline IQ (as measured at age 4), mother’s level of education and mother’s emotional nurturance, it was found that the maternal sensitivity and child and adolescent IQ association held for verbal, but not performance IQ. Furthermore, a pattern emerged in which the association between maternal sensitivity and verbal IQ was stronger for adolescents with a lower baseline IQ. The results suggest that maternal sensitivity is associated with offspring verbal intelligence and that this association holds when numerous variables are accounted for. Additionally, this association may be stronger for children with lower IQs.
Language and the geopolitics of (dis)location: A study of Zimbabwean Shona and Ndebele speakers in Johannesburg
Authors: Siziba Gugulethu , Hill Lloyd 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe Zimbabwean diaspora is a well-documented phenomenon. While much research has been done on Zimbabwean migration to South Africa, the role that language plays in this process has not been well researched. This article draws on South African census data and qualitative fieldwork data to explore the manner in which Zimbabwean migrants use languages to appropriate spaces for themselves in the City of Johannesburg. The census data shows that African migrants tend to concentrate in the Johannesburg CBD, and fieldwork in this area reveals that Zimbabwean migrants are particularly well established in two suburbs—Yeoville and Hillbrow. The article explores migrant language repertoires, which include English, Shona, Ndebele, and a variant of Zulu. While many contributions to the migration literature tend to assume a strong association between language and ethnicity, the article shows how this relationship is mediated by geographic location and social positioning within the city. (Language, migration, Johannesburg, South Africa, Zimbabwe)*