bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and characterization of EST‐SSR markers for Carex angustisquama (Cyperaceae), an extremophyte in solfatara fields
Authors: Nagasawa Koki , Setoguchi Hiroaki , Maki Masayuki , Goto Hayato , Fukushima Keitaro , Isagi Yuji , Sakaguchi Shota 
Published: October 2018

Premise of the StudyExpressed sequence tag–simple sequence repeat (EST‐SSR) markers were developed for Carex angustisquama (Cyperaceae) to investigate the evolutionary history of this plant that is endemic to solfatara fields in northern Japan.Methods and ResultsUsing RNA‐Seq data generated by the Illumina HiSeq 2000, 20 EST‐SSR markers were developed. Polymorphisms were assessed in C. angustisquama and the closely related species C. doenitzii and C. podogyna. In C. angustisquama, many loci were monomorphic within populations; the average number of alleles ranged from one to five, and levels of expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.000 to 0.580, while all markers were polymorphic in a population of C. doenitzii. This indicates that low genetic polymorphism of C. angustisquama is likely due to the species’ population dynamics, rather than to null alleles at the developed markers.ConclusionsThese markers will be used to assess genetic diversity and structure and to investigate evolutionary history in future studies of C. angustisquama and related species.
Synthesis of a New Robust Exponential Sliding Mode Differentiator with its Observer Applications
Authors: Deepika Deepika , Narayan Shiv , Kaur Sandeep 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper proposes a new robust exponential sliding mode differentiator for estimating the (n − 1) derivatives of a non‐linear function. Finite time convergence, robustness, and exactness are also ensured analytically with the proposed methodology. In addition, the results of the proposed sliding mode differentiator are extended to derive theorems for the novel state (SO) and extended state observers (ESO), which would estimate the system states as well as uncertainties recursively in finite time. Finally, three examples are implemented to validate the proposed methodologies and the obtained simulations are compared with the previously developed methods in literature.
Asymmetric responses of the Philippine Sea anomalous anticyclone/cyclone to two types of El Niño–Southern Oscillation during the boreal winter
Authors: Feng Juan , Chen Wen , Wang Xiaocong 
Published: October 2018

The Philippine Sea anomalous anticyclone/cyclone (abbreviated to PSAC/PSCC) induced by El Niño/La Niña is a key atmospheric circulation system that connects El Niño/La Niña to the East Asian climate. The asymmetry between PSAC and PSCC is analyzed after El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is divided into eastern Pacific (EP) ENSO and central Pacific (CP) ENSO. For EP ENSO, evident asymmetry exists between EP El Niño‐induced PSAC and EP La Niña‐induced PSCC, with the former being much stronger than the latter, caused by the nonlinearity of the convective anomalies over the western Pacific. Much stronger sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies for EP El Niño than for EP La Niña is responsible for this convective heating asymmetry.However, the PSAC and PSCC associated with CP ENSO show much weaker asymmetry compared with those associated with EP ENSO, which is related to the nearly symmetric distribution and intensity of the tropical SST anomalies between CP El Niño and CP La Niña. The resultant almost symmetric anomalous Walker circulation and the comparable convective anomalies over the western Pacific produce weak asymmetric responses of PSAC and PSCC to CP El Niño and CP La Niña. Furthermore, numerical experiments also confirm that the asymmetry in the anomalous convective activity over the western Pacific associated with EP (CP) ENSO is the main reason for the asymmetry between PSAC and PSCC.
Bewertung von pseudo‐statischen Methoden zum Grundbruchwiderstand von Fundamenten unter seismischer Beanspruchung
Authors: Vrettos Christos , Seibel Elisabeth 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDie gängige Methode zur Beurteilung der Grundbruchsicherheit von Fundamenten bei seismischer Beanspruchung basiert auf dem Ansatz von pseudo‐statischen Beschleunigungskräften, welche die Trägheitskräfte aus dem Überbau und im Boden repräsentieren. Die einzelnen Komponenten der klassischen dreigliedrigen Grundbruchgleichung in der DIN 4017 werden hierfür mit geeigneten Abminderungsfaktoren versehen. Ergebnisse hierzu aus neueren numerischen Studien werden zusammengestellt. Eine Alternative stellen kuppelförmige 3‐D‐Grenzfächen der Tragfähigkeit als Kombinationen von Vertikallast, Horizontallast und Biegemoment dar, die zum Versagen führen. Auch die DIN‐Gleichung kann in eine solche Grenzfläche umgewandelt werden. 3‐D‐Grenzflächen werden für den Fall eines rein kohäsiven und eines kohäsionslosen Bodens verglichen und bewertet. Ein weitverbreitetes FEM‐Programm mit einer Grenzbedingung nach Mohr‐Coulomb wird eingesetzt, um den Einfluss der Lastneigung und ‐exzentrizität sowie der Trägheitskräfte im Boden für typische Konfigurationen numerisch zu erfassen. Die Eignung der FEM als robuste Berechnungsmethode wird bestätigt, wobei alle Modellierungsdetails adäquat berücksichtigt werden müssen. Auf den Einfluss des Dilatanzwinkels wird gesondert eingegangen. Es wird gezeigt, dass die erweiterte Grundbruchgleichung für die praktische Anwendung sehr gut geeignet ist und zudem den Vorteil eines stetigen Übergangs vom statischen zum seismischen Lastfall bietet.
A population‐based case–control study of the association between weather‐related extreme heat events and orofacial clefts
Authors: Soim Aida , Sheridan Scott C. , Hwang Syni‐An , Hsu Wan‐Hsiang , Fisher Sarah C. , Shaw Gary M. , Feldkamp Marcia L. , Romitti Paul A. , Reefhuis Jennita , Langlois Peter H. , Browne Marilyn L. , Lin Shao ,   the National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Published: October 2018

BackgroundLimited epidemiologic research exists on the association between weather‐related extreme heat events (EHEs) and orofacial clefts (OFCs). We estimated the associations between maternal exposure to EHEs in the summer season and OFCs in offspring and investigated the potential modifying effect of body mass index on these associations.MethodsWe conducted a population‐based case–control study among mothers who participated in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study for whom at least 1 day of their first two post‐conception months occurred during summer. Cases were live‐born infants, stillbirths, and induced terminations with OFCs; controls were live‐born infants without major birth defects. We defined EHEs using the 95th and the 90th percentiles of the daily maximum universal apparent temperature distribution. We used unconditional logistic regression with Firth's penalized likelihood method to estimate adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals, controlling for maternal sociodemographic and anthropometric variables.ResultsWe observed no association between maternal exposure to EHEs and OFCs overall, although prolonged duration of EHEs may increase the risk of OFCs in some study sites located in the Southeast climate region. Analyses by subtypes of OFCs revealed no associations with EHEs. Modifying effect by BMI was not observed.ConclusionsWe did not find a significantly increased risk of OFCs associated with maternal exposure to EHEs during the relevant window of embryogenesis. Future studies should account for maternal indoor and outdoor activities and for characteristics such as hydration and use of air conditioning that could modify the effect of EHEs on pregnant women.
Teachers’ agency: Do their values make a difference?
Authors: Hadar Linor L. , Benish‐Weisman Maya 
Published: October 2018

This research explored antecedents and outcomes of teachers’ agency. Study 1 (n = 767) tested whether teachers’ values relate to an agentic capacity. Study 2 (n = 430) tested the relations between teachers’ values, their agentic capacity and their agentic behaviours. The findings show that attributing importance to promoting the self and being open to new experiences, whilst maintaining self‐independence, is positively related to agentic capacity. Further, agentic capacity mediates the relations between values and agentic behaviour. These findings start to explain the broad motivations for teachers’ agency and its translation into behaviour.
Protective effect of lycopene against chemical and natural toxins: A review
Authors: Hedayati Narges , Naeini Mehri Bemani , Nezami Alireza , Hosseinzadeh Hossein , Wallace Hayes A. , Hosseini Sarasadat , Imenshahidi Mohsen , Karimi Gholamreza 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPeople are exposed to a number of environmental, occupational, and therapeutic toxic agents which may be natural or man made. These hazardous substances may manifest as direct side effects on the function of organs or indirectly induced alteration of gene expression, cancer‐associated metabolic pathways, and/or alter homeostasis. Lycopene, as a one of the most potent antioxidant, is found in fruits and vegetables. High‐intake of lycopene has been shown to be effective in decreasing the risk of both natural toxins including mycotoxins, bacterial toxins, and chemical toxins including heavy metals, pesticides as well as herbicides. Recently, there is growing attention in understanding the mechanisms of the phytochemicals and carotenoids as antioxidative, antiapoptotic, radical scavenging, and chelating agents and their roles in the modulation of inflammatory pathways. This review summarizes available data from several recent studies about lycopene and its role against chemical and natural toxicants. © 2018 BioFactors, 45(1):5–23, 2019
A new case of Marine‐Lenhart syndrome with a papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Lombardi Martina , Tonacchera Massimo , Macchia Enrico 
Published: October 2018

Key Clinical MessageWe report the case of a patient with the coexistence of Graves’ disease and autonomously functioning thyroid nodules. Because of the suspicious ultrasound pattern, he was submitted to fine‐needle aspiration of the hot nodule and cytology revealed a papillary thyroid cancer. After total thyroidectomy a papillary thyroid cancer was found.
MOTHERS AND THEIR INFANTS CO‐ADMITTED TO A NEWLY DEVELOPED MOTHER–BABY UNIT: CHARACTERISTICS AND OUTCOMES
Authors: Wright Tanya , Stevens Suzanne , Wouldes Trecia A. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTResearch on Mother–Baby Units (MBUs) has mainly focused on maternal psychiatric outcomes, not the well‐being of infants. This study investigated infant development and mental health along with maternal characteristics and the mother–infant relationship in 45 dyads (60% New Zealand European, 20% Māori, 11% Pacific) admitted to a new MBU. Maternal psychopathology was measured with the Health of the Nations Outcome Scale (HoNOS, J.K Wing et al., 1998) and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF; I.M. Aas, 2010). The Parent–Infant Relationship Global Assessment Scale (PIR‐GAS, Zero to Three, 2005) measured the mother–infant relationship. Infant measures included Diagnostic Classification of Mental Health and Developmental Disorders of Infancy and Early Childhood (Zero to Three Press, 2005) and the Ages & Stages‐3 (J. Squires, E. Twombly, D. Bricker, & L. Potter, 2009). Maternal mental illness and functioning improved during the admission and were positively associated with longer inpatient duration and no illicit substance use. Well‐being of the infants was concerning. In addition to lower birth weights and poorer health status, at discharge 51% were lagging behind developmentally, and 51% were exhibiting signs of infant mental health concerns. Relationally, 67% of mother–infant dyads had features of, and 29% met criteria for, a disordered relationship. Poorer mother–infant relationships were associated with a maternal diagnosis of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, use of the Mental Health Act, leaving the MBU early, limited social support, and infant mental health diagnosis.
Kinetics of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural formation in the sugar–amino acid model of Maillard reaction
Authors: Zhang Li‐Li , Kong Yan , Yang Xiao , Zhang Yu‐Yu , Sun Bao‐Guo , Chen Hai‐Tao , Sun Ying 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDAs a potential health hazard, 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) has been detected in thermally processed foods high in sugar and amino acids. In order to analyze HMF quantitatively and investigate the kinetics of its formation, high‐performance liquid chromatography was employed to determine the content of HMF in six sugar–amino acid thermal reaction models.RESULTSIn thermal reaction models, formation of HMF was significantly affected by sugar and amino acid composition, pH value and heating conditions. HMF formation increased with increasing sugar and amino acid (cysteine excepted) content, temperature and reaction time. A maximum amount of HMF of 1.50 g kg−1 was detected in the sucrose–glutamic acid model at 110 °C and 6 h. Low pH value and added acidic amino acids promoted the formation of HMF, especially in the sucrose‐containing system.CONCLUSIONHMF formation followed first‐order kinetics in four models, including the model of glucose–cysteine, glucose–glutamic acid, glucose–leucine and sucrose–leucine. In contrast, HMF formation followed zero‐order kinetics in the model of sucrose–glutamic acid. The quantity of HMF increased as the quantity of sugar and amino acid increased (cysteine excepted) in six tested models. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
The Impact of Military and Nonmilitary Experiences on Marriage: Examining the Military Spouse's Perspective
Authors: Pflieger Jacqueline C. , LeardMann Cynthia A. , McMaster Hope S. , Donoho Carrie J. , Riviere Lyndon A. ,   for the Millennium Cohort Family Study Team
Published: October 2018

AbstractThere has been conflicting research regarding direct association between deployments and marital quality, particularly from the military spouse's perspective. In the current study, we sought to extend past research by examining the direct association between both military and nonmilitary experiences and military spouse marital quality using 2011–2013 baseline data from the Millennium Cohort Family Study, a large sample of military couples representing all U.S. service branches and components. Military experiences were assessed using electronic deployment records to capture the number and length of deployments since 2001, and service members reported combat experience and symptoms indicative of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Military spouses reported on service members’ recent time away from home, nonmilitary family stressors, and marital quality. Results of the logistic regression model adjusted for demographic, relationship, and military covariates indicated that most military experiences did not have a direct statistical association with low marital quality except service member PTSD, odds ratio (OR) = 1.54, 95% CI [1.17, 2.04]. Rather, nonmilitary experiences of the military spouse, including lack of social support, OR = 2.68, 95% CI [2.07, 3.47]; caregiver burden, OR = 1.56, 95% CI [1.22, 1.99]; work–family conflict, OR = 1.42, 95% CI [1.18, 1.69]; and financial strain, OR = 1.27, 95% CI [1.03, 1.55], increased odds of low marital quality. Implications of these findings include providing additional supports to address nonmilitary family stressors that are particularly salient to military spouses with an aim to promote marital quality.
Social Support Moderates the Association Between Traumatic Life Events and Depression Among Migrant and Nonmigrant Men in Almaty, Kazakhstan
Authors: Ward Kaitlin P. , Shaw Stacey A. , Chang Mingway , El‐Bassel Nabila 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAcross cultures, experiencing traumatic life events, particularly violence, is a salient predictor of depression. Some previous findings have shown that social support can serve as a buffer in the association between traumatic life events and depression (i.e., the buffering hypothesis) in that individuals with a high level of social support have a decreased or nonexistent association between traumatic life events and depression. The purpose of this study was to test the buffering hypothesis among a sample of 1,342 male migrant and nonmigrant market vendors in Almaty, Kazakhstan. Using multiple‐group structural equation modeling (SEM), we identified the following results: (a) higher levels of traumatic life events were associated with higher depression scores, (b) higher social support scores were associated with decreased depression scores, and (c) social support buffered the association between traumatic life events and depression among migrants and nonmigrants. The final model accounted for 45.0% and 38.4% of the variance in depression for migrants and nonmigrants, respectively. Findings suggest that social support may be an important protective factor for men in Kazakhstan who have experienced trauma and call for an incorporation of social support interventions for migrant and nonmigrant men experiencing depression.
Systematic review of movement disorders and oculomotor abnormalities in Whipple's disease
Authors: Bally Julien F. , Méneret Aurélie , Roze Emmanuel , Anderson Melanie , Grabli David , Lang Anthony E. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWhipple's disease, affecting the CNS, can cause a wide variety of symptoms. Movement disorders are very prevalent, and some are pathognomonic of the disease. This systematic review analyzed all published cases of movement disorders because of CNS Whipple's disease, providing detailed information on clinical and associated features. We have also attempted to address sources of confusion in the literature, particularly related to differing uses of the terminology of movement disorder. This comprehensive overview of Whipple's disease‐induced movement disorders aims to aid neurologists in recognizing this very rare disorder and successfully reaching a laboratory‐confirmed diagnosis in order to initiate appropriate therapy. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Analysis of tunneling field‐effect transistor with germanium source junction using small‐signal equivalent circuit
Authors: Jung Yung Hun , Kang In Man , Cho Seongjae 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this study, germanium is used as the source junction material in a tunneling field‐effect transistor (TFET) and the Ge‐source TFET is analyzed in the perspectives of high‐frequency performances. For analyses on the high‐frequency parameters, a small‐signal equivalent circuit with high credibility and device simulation are operated in cooperation. The errors in capacitances and transconductances, from both approaches, are within 10% up to the terahertz regime. It is found that the Ge‐source TFET has smaller gate‐to‐drain capacitance and tunneling resistance than Si‐source device. These features merit make Ge‐source TFET more suitable to wide variety of high‐speed and low‐power applications.
Current‐gain in FETs beyond cut‐off frequency
Authors: Crupi Giovanni , Raffo Antonio , Vadalà Valeria , Vannini Giorgio , Caddemi Alina 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDriven by the fast‐growing demand for high‐frequency applications, electronics engineers are steadily pushing transistor technologies beyond their high‐frequency limits. A key figure of merit to quickly assess the potential of a transistor for high‐frequency applications is given by the cut‐off frequency (fT) that is defined as the frequency at which the short‐circuit current‐gain (h21) drops to unity. However, field‐effect transistors (FETs) can exhibit a current‐gain even at frequencies beyond fT, due to the resonance of the extrinsic reactive contributions leading to a peak in the magnitude of h21. Based on an extensive analysis, this letter aims to demonstrate that, although not all FETs exhibit such a current‐gain peak at frequencies beyond fT, this effect is inherent in any FET devices and its appearance simply depends on the specific amount of the extrinsic reactive contributions, besides to the operating frequency.
Factors associated with early dropout in an employer‐based commercial weight‐loss program
Authors: Alexander E. , Tseng E. , Durkin N. , Jerome G. J. , Dalcin A. , Appel L. J. , Clark J. M. , Gudzune K. A. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryObjectiveMinimizing program dropout is essential for weight‐loss success, but factors that influence dropout among commercial programs are unclear. This study's objective was to determine factors associated with early dropout in a commercial weight‐loss program.MethodsA retrospective analysis of a remotely delivered, employer‐based commercial program from 2013 to 2016 was conducted. The dependent variable was ‘early dropout’, defined as enrollees who disengaged from telephone coaching by month 2's end. Independent variables included demographics, program website engagement and early weight change. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess for differences in early dropout by several factors, adjusted for employer clustering.ResultsOf the 5,274 participants, 26.8% dropped out early. Having ≥1 chronic condition (odds ratio [OR] 1.41, p < 0.001) and ‘weight‐loss failure’ defined as ≥0% weight change at month 1's end (OR 1.86, p < 0.001) had significantly increased odds of early dropout. Increasing age by 10‐year intervals (OR 0.90, p = 0.002) and ‘meeting the website login goal’ defined as ≥90 logins in 3 months (OR 0.13, p < 0.001) significantly decreased the odds of early dropout.ConclusionsPresence of comorbidities, less online engagement and weight‐loss failure were associated with early dropout in a commercial program. Strategies to prevent dropout among high‐risk participants, such as increased support or program tailoring, should be developed and tested.
Living with type 1 diabetes and an insulin pump: a qualitative insight
Authors: Grose Daniel N , O'Brien Casey L , Bongetti Elisa K , Corcoran Hannah M , Loh Margaret M , Ward Glenn M , Castle David J 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study aims to provide a qualitative insight into the experiences of people living with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) who use an insulin pump, and thus inform diabetes care practices including psychological support programmes.Patients attending a specialist T1DM outpatient clinic were invited to share their experience of living with an insulin pump. Participants took part in either a semi‐structured interview or a focus group, which were audio‐recorded and transcribed. The data were analysed using a framework approach based on the Optimal Health Wheel comprised of six domains including Physical, Social, Intellectual, Emotional, Occupational and Spiritual values.A total of 15 individuals participated in a semi‐structured interview (n=7) or a focus group (n=8). Participants were aged between 20 and 60 years with a duration of pump use ranging from 7 weeks to 9.5 years; the majority were female (n=12). A total of 19 sub‐themes were identified under the six Optimal Health Wheel domains.It was concluded that the Optimal Health Wheel is a useful framework for qualitative data analysis. Its application synthesised some new themes (emotional–physical interplay, self‐esteem and personality, and sense of self), as well as building on previously described themes such as self‐management and the pump's physical presence. These provide insight into the lives of people living with T1DM and an insulin pump. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons.