bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Architectured Leaf‐Inspired Ni0.33Co0.66S2/Graphene Aerogels via 3D Printing for High‐Performance Energy Storage
Authors: Tang Xingwei , Zhu Chengling , Cheng Dongdong , Zhou Han , Liu Xianghui , Xie Peiwen , Zhao Qibin , Zhang Di , Fan Tongxiang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe construction of high‐performance electrodes with sufficient active sites and interconnected networks for rapid electron/ions transport is challengeable for energy storage devices. Inspired by natural leaves, a facile 3D‐printing strategy for constructing architected Ni0.33Co0.66S2/graphene (3DP‐NCS/G) aerogels to mimic the analogous mass transfer process toward superior electrochemical performances is demonstrated. The key step is to develop hybrid inks with printability and homogeneity by introducing sodium alginate into graphene oxide solutions to boost viscoelastic responses and adopting a new developed precursor Ni0.33Co0.66(OH)2·xH2O with ultrafine and high stable features. Benefiting from high‐speed channels for electron/ion transport provided by the interconnected graphene frameworks and massive exposed edge sites provided by the uniformly dispersed Ni0.33Co0.66S2 nanoparticles, the 3DP‐NCS/G electrode exhibits capacities of 217.6 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 and 164.6 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1. Furthermore, a hybrid device is demonstrated for the first time with both electrodes manufactured by 3D‐printing technique, which delivers excellent areal energy/power densities with values comparable to those of commercial devices, even at a practical level of electrode mass loading (17.86 mg cm−2). This work offers a versatile strategy for integrating various functional nanomaterials with programmable architectures toward myriad applications.
Coherent Pixel Design of Metasurfaces for Multidimensional Optical Control of Multiple Printing‐Image Switching and Encoding
Authors: Bao Yanjun , Yu Ying , Xu Haofei , Lin Qiaoling , Wang Yin , Li Juntao , Zhou Zhang‐Kai , Wang Xue‐Hua 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPrinting image based on metasurface has attracted enormous research interests due to its subwavelength resolution, full‐color printing, and durable properties. Based on the spatially multiplexed pixels, the printing image using metasurface can be switched optically by altering the optical parameters, such as polarization and incident wavelength. However, such multiplexed pixel design has several problems, including the cross‐talk among different wavelengths, limitation to linear polarizations, and incapability for incident‐angle control. Here, a general method for pixel design, called the coherent pixel, which can overcome the problems and be used for multiple printing‐image switching controlled by arbitrary optical parameters (arbitrary incident angle, polarization, and wavelength) is proposed. Based on this coherent pixel, metasurface devices with novel functionalities can be realized, such as incident‐angle controlled and arbitrary polarization‐controlled printing images, which are not feasible with previous conventional pixel design method. The suitability and superiority of the coherent pixel for encryption application is also discussed. Such printing‐image switching controlled with arbitrary optical parameters should pave the way for various applications, including various functional switchable optical devices, image displays, and information encryption.
Self‐Template Synthesis of Mesoporous Metal Oxide Spheres with Metal‐Mediated Inner Architectures and Superior Sensing Performance
Authors: Wang Gen , Qin Jing , Zhou Xinran , Deng Yonghui , Wang Huanting , Zhao Yongxi , Wei Jing 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe development of a general strategy to synthesize mesoporous metal oxide spheres (MMOSs) with tailorable compositions and architectures is desirable and challenging. Herein, a general self‐template strategy is demonstrated for the synthesis of MMOSs with tunable compositions (i.e., ZnO, Al2O3, Co3O4, Fe2O3, CuO) and metal‐mediated inner architectures via thermal decomposition of metal‐phenolic coordination polymers (MPCPs). The metal species in MPCPs can obviously influence the decomposition temperature of the polymer networks (Td). The inner architectures of MMOSs are determined by Td and the crystallization temperature of metal oxides (Tc). The MMOSs show solid inner architectures when Td > Tc or Td < Tc and hollow structure when Td ≈ Tc. Encouraged by their high surface area and accessible mesopores, gas sensors based on MMOSs (i.e., ZnO) are fabricated, which shows a low working temperature (250 °C) for detection of ethanol gas. The MMOSs (i.e., Co3O4) can further be used to fabricate sensing platform for detecting DNA analogue of miRNA‐21 (a biomarker abnormally expressed in most of solid tumors). Such MMOSs show high sensitivity (0.19 × 10−9m) and can even efficiently distinguish the target DNA from single‐, double‐ and triple‐base mismatched DNA.
2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Thin Films Obtained by Chemical Gas Phase Deposition Techniques
Authors: Park Gyu‐Hyeon , Nielsch Kornelius , Thomas Andy 
Published: October 2018

AbstractUltrathin 2D transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) thin films have attracted much attention due to their very good electrical, optical, and electrochemical properties. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and atomic layer deposition (ALD), which is in some regards an enhanced version of CVD, are techniques that can provide exceptionally conformal large‐area coatings, even for complex surface geometries. Besides, these techniques include the transport of one or more precursor chemicals in the gas phase onto a substrate. Subsequently, a chemical reaction occurs, resulting in the deposition of a film of a solid material on the substrate. One of the advantageous aspects of chemical deposition methods, such as CVD and ALD, is the growth of thin films onto a variety of substrates as well as 3D structures. Because of their chemical approach, these techniques are well suited to synthesizing 2D materials (2DMs) with a low defect concentration. Furthermore, the scalability would allow industrial application, as opposed to, e.g., micromechanical cleavage. Here, the recent progress in 2D TMD thin films is reviewed and the current applications of these materials fabricated by CVD and ALD are surveyed.
Mononuclear Silver Complexes for Efficient Solution and Vacuum‐Processed OLEDs
Authors: Romanov Alexander S. , Jones Saul T. E. , Yang Le , Conaghan Patrick J. , Di Dawei , Linnolahti Mikko , Credgington Dan , Bochmann Manfred 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCarbene metal amides are a new class of highly efficient light‐emitting molecules based on a linear donor–metal–acceptor geometry. Here the synthesis, structure, and photo‐ and electroluminescence of carbene silver carbazolato complexes, (AdL)Ag(Cz) [AdL = adamantyl‐substituted cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene; Cz = carbazolate (1) and 3,6‐tBu2Cz (2)], are reported. They display green emission with photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 74%. Efficient mixing of triplet and singlet excited states is observed, with sub‐microsecond thermally activated radiative triplet lifetimes. These complexes provide prototype organic light‐emitting diodes based exclusively on silver emitters, with external quantum efficiencies of up to 14%.
Efficient Non‐Catalytic Carboxylation of Diamines to Cyclic Ureas Using 2‐Pyrrolidone as a Solvent and a Promoter
Authors: Hwang Junhyeok , Han Donggu , Oh Jin Joo , Cheong Minserk , Koo Hyun‐Joo , Lee Je Seung , Kim Hoon Sik 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCarboxylation reactions of diamines were found to proceed rapidly and non‐catalytically, producing corresponding cyclic ureas in excellent yields and selectivities when 2‐pyrrolidone (2‐PY) was used as a solvent. A similar promoting effect with 2‐PY was also observed for the carboxylation of monoamines by carbon dioxide (CO2). Most notably, the carboxylation reactions of mono‐ and diamines conducted in 2‐PY afforded 2–4 times higher yields of corresponding dialkyl ureas and cyclic ureas compared with those in N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP). Such a dramatic promoting effect using 2‐PY is believed to be associated with the multiple hydrogen bonding interactions between 2‐PY and the CO2‐containing species of amines. Due to such favorable interactions, carboxylation reactions seem to be more facilitated in 2‐PY than in NMP.magnified image
Development of new bio‐based polyol ester from palm oil for potential polymeric drug carrier
Authors: Tajau Rida , Rohani Rosiah , Wan Isahak Wan Nor Roslam , Salleh Mek Zah , Ghazali Zulkafli 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe polyol ester derived from palm oil polymers is a promising material for utilizing it as a polymeric drug carrier due to its natural and biocompatible properties. In this study, the palm oil‐based diol is used as a precursor for developing the polyol ester via the transesterification‐alcoholysis reaction of the diol with triethanolamine and lithium hydroxide. Preliminary results showed that the polyol ester displayed high hydroxyl value at 182.51 mgKOH/g with the yield reached more than 90%. Meanwhile, its molecular weight was around 5,000 Dalton. The appearances of ester (C–O) between 1,300 and 1,000 cm−1in the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra have confirmed the hydrolyzable ester structure of the polyol ester. Consequently, the δH‐ and δC‐NMRspectra also confirmed the presences of the ester proton (i.e., ‐COO–CH2‐) and the ester carbons (i.e., ‐CH2CH2CO(O)C‐, ‐CH2COO‐, ‐CH2C(O)OC‐). Thermogravimetric analysis of the polyol ester displayed three stages of maximum decomposition temperature (Tmax): 203.56°C, 362.79°C, and 481.91°C. Differential scanning chromatography (DSC) analysis indicated that the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polyol ester was found between −3.27 and 7.5°C. As a result, the analyses affirmed that this polyol ester is a hydrolytically degradable polymer due to the presence of its hydrolyzable ester bonds. Its low molecular weight and low‐melting biodegradable properties could show a faster degradation compared to the higher molecular weight synthetic polymers. Thus, the characteristic of the developed polyol ester demonstrates promising physicochemical and good thermal properties, which makes it a potential candidate for a polymeric drug delivery system.
Effect of the novel biodegradable copolymer and soil salinity on the growth of corn plant
Authors: Torğut Gülben , Beker Akbulut Gülcin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBiodegradable and biocompatible poly (1,2‐epoxy‐3‐phenoxy propane)‐co‐(ε‐caprolactone) poly(EPP‐co‐ε‐CL) copolymers were synthesized by ring‐opening polymerization method at four different ε‐CL ratios. Copolymers were characterized using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR), thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. To examine their possible applications in agriculture, germination test and growth analyses of corn plants were carried out. For this purpose, corn (Zea mays L. cv. “72 May 80”) was allowed to germinate under suitable conditions. Copolymers, 200 mM salt (NaCl) solution, and both copolymers and salt solution were applied to the plants and compared with the control groups. On the 21st day, all the plants were harvested and were stored at −80°C until analysis. Differences in growth parameters, lipid peroxidation degrees, pigment analysis, and total carbohydrate analysis were tested in order to put forward copolymer and NaCl sensitivity of the corn. Statistical analysis was carried out using the SPSS 17.0 software program and the results were compared with each other. These results showed that the copolymers both have a positive effect on the carbohydrate and malondialdehyde (MDA), a product of lipid peroxidation content as well as the chlorophyll content. Moreover, poly(EPP‐co‐ε‐CL0.88) was more efficient than was the other copolymers in the improvement of the detrimental effects of salinity in increasing chlorophyll, carbohydrate, and MDA content, and growth of corn plants. As a result of the study, it was demonstrated that all of the investigated parameters were affected by the applications of salt and copolymers.
Enhanced Raman Investigation of Cell Membrane and Intracellular Compounds by 3D Plasmonic Nanoelectrode Arrays
Authors: Caprettini Valeria , Huang Jian‐An , Moia Fabio , Jacassi Andrea , Gonano Carlo Andrea , Maccaferri Nicolò , Capozza Rosario , Dipalo Michele , De Angelis Francesco 
Published: October 2018

Abstract3D nanostructures are widely exploited in cell cultures for many purposes such as controlled drug delivery, transfection, intracellular sampling, and electrical recording. However, little is known about the interaction of the cells with these substrates, and even less about the effects of electroporation on the cellular membrane and the nuclear envelope. This work exploits 3D plasmonic nanoelectrodes to study, by surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), the cell membrane dynamics on the nanostructured substrate before, during, and after electroporation. In vitro cultured cells tightly adhere on 3D plasmonic nanoelectrodes precisely in the plasmonic hot spots, making this kind of investigation possible. After electroporation, the cell membrane dynamics are studied by recording the Raman time traces of biomolecules in contact or next to the 3D plasmonic nanoelectrode. During this process, the 3D plasmonic nanoelectrodes are intracellularly coupled, thus enabling the monitoring of different molecular species, including lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Scanning electron microscopy cross‐section analysis evidences the possibility of nuclear membrane poration compatible with the reported Raman spectra. These findings may open a new route toward controlled intracellular sampling and intranuclear delivery of genic materials. They also show the possibility of nuclear envelope disruption which may lead to negative side effects.
Excitation Density Dependent Photoluminescence Quenching and Charge Transfer Efficiencies in Hybrid Perovskite/Organic Semiconductor Bilayers
Authors: Kim Jinhyun , Godin Robert , Dimitrov Stoichko D. , Du Tian , Bryant Daniel , McLachlan Martyn A. , Durrant James R. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study addresses the dependence of charge transfer efficiency between bilayers of methylammonium lead iodide (MAPI3) with PC61BM or poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) charge transfer layers on excitation intensity. It analyzes the kinetic competition between interfacial electron/hole transfer and charge trapping and recombination within MAPI3 by employing a range of optical measurements including steady‐state (SS) photoluminescence quenching (PLQ), and transient photoluminescence and absorption over a broad range of excitation densities. The results indicate that PLQ measurements with a typical photoluminescence spectrometer can yield significantly different transfer efficiencies to those measured under 1 Sun irradiation. Steady‐state and pulsed measurements indicate low transfer efficiencies at low excitation conditions (<5E + 15 cm−3) due to rapid charge trapping and low transfer efficiencies at high excitation conditions (>5E + 17 cm−3) due to fast bimolecular recombination. Efficient transfer to PC61BM or PEDOT:PSS is only observed under intermediate excitation conditions (≈1 Sun irradiation) where electron and hole transfer times are determined to be 36 and 11 ns, respectively. The results are discussed in terms of their relevance to the excitation density dependence of device photocurrent generation, impact of charge trapping on this dependence, and appropriate methodologies to determine charge transfer efficiencies relevant to device performance.
Nickel compounds in the workplaces: Occupations and activities involving high‐risk exposures in Italy
Authors: Scarselli Alberto , Di Marzio Davide , Marinaccio Alessandro , Iavicoli Sergio 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundNickel (Ni) compounds have been classified as carcinogenic to humans. The aim of the study is to evaluate exposures to Ni at workplaces in Italy.MethodsData on Ni compounds were collected from an occupational exposure registry. Statistical analysis was carried out for exposure‐related variables. The number of workers potentially exposed was estimated for selected industrial sectors. Concurrent exposures with other occupational carcinogens were investigated using two‐step cluster analysis.ResultsOverall 10 083 measurements were analyzed during 1996‐2016, having a geometric mean of 2.93 μg/m3. Most exposures occurred in manufacture of metal products (50%) and among metal finishing machine operators (46%). A total of 56 046 workers potentially exposed to Ni was estimated. Concurrent exposures were frequently detected, mainly with chromium VI and cobalt compounds.ConclusionsSystematic recording of occupational exposures provides a data source that allows recognition of high risk situations for workers’ health and helps improve exposure assessment in epidemiologic studies.
One‐Pot Oxidative Aromatization and Dearomatization of Tetrahydro[5]helicene Diols: Synthesis, Structure, Photophysical and Chiroptical Properties of Chiral π‐Extended Diones
Authors: Fang Lei , Li Meng , Lin Wei‐Bin , Shen Yun , Chen Chuan‐Feng 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOne‐pot oxidative aromatization and dearomatization (OADA) reactions of tetrahydro[5]helicene diols with 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyanobenzoquinone (DDQ) as the oxidant were demonstrated, which provided an efficient method for the synthesis of chiral π‐extended diones. Consequently, a series of enantiomeric π‐extended diones were obtained in high yields by a one‐pot OADA of dibromo‐substituted tetrahydro[5]helicene diols, and then followed by Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions, or vice versa. The absolute configurations of the chiral diones were determined by their CD spectral analysis and X‐ray structure of the dibromo‐substituted dione. Moreover, the enantiomeric diones also exhibited mirror‐imaged CD spectra and showed mirror‐imaged circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) properties with the luminescence dissymmetry factor up to ±9.0×10−4. It was further found that the chiral diones showed different fluorescence spectra, and substituent‐dependent fluorescence quantum yields. For the chiral diones with strong electron‐donating groups, high fluorescence quantum yields of up to 30.3% were found. Such chiral diones with high fluorescence quantum yields and significant CPL properties might have potential applications not only in asymmetric catalytic synthesis, but also chiroptical materials.
Boranchemie aus einer neuen Perspektive: Nukleophilie der B‐H‐Bindungselektronen
Authors: Zhao Qianyi , Dewhurst Rian D. , Braunschweig Holger , Chen Xuenian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEine ganze Reihe erst kürzlich verwirklichter nukleophiler Borverbindungen wie Borylanionen oder Borylene brechen die üblichen mit dem Element Bor bzw. borhaltigen Verbindungen assoziierten Regeln und verhalten sich keineswegs wie Lewis‐Säuren bzw. Elektrophile. Auch das B‐H‐Bindungselektronenpaar in Boranen zeigt häufig einen nukleophilen Charakter, was im Allgemeinen auf die geringere Elektronegativität von Bor im Vergleich zu Wasserstoff zurückgeführt wird. Obwohl diese Eigenschaft bislang eher wenig Aufmerksamkeit erregt hat, ermöglichten erste Studien zur Nukleophilie der B‐H‐Bindungselektronen bereits die Entdeckung interessanter Strukturmotive mit B‐H‐B‐verbrückten Einheiten und B‐H⋅⋅⋅H‐Y‐Wasserstoffbrücken, auf deren Grundlage sich ein komplett eigenständiges Forschungsgebiet entwickelt hat. Hierzu zählen unter anderem 1) die Aufklärung der mechanistischen Details zur Bildung von Aminodiboran (ADB), des Diammoniakats von Diboran (DADB) sowie der Lithium‐ und Natriumsalze von Octahydrotriborat (B3H8−) und 2) die Entwicklung verbesserter experimenteller Zugänge zu diesen Reagenzien. Eine umfassende Auseinandersetzung mit den nukleophilen Eigenschaften des B‐H‐Bindungselektronenpaares hat zudem zu einem tieferen Verständnis der unterschiedlichen Mechanismen von Hydroborierungsreaktionen beigetragen.
Successive Protonation of an N‐Heterocyclic Imine Derived Carbonyl: Superelectrophilic Dication Versus Masked Acylium Ion
Authors: Loh Ying Kai , Ángeles Fuentes M. , Vasko Petra , Aldridge Simon 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCarbonyl cations are among the most commonly invoked reactive intermediates in organic synthesis. While Olah pioneered superacids to provide a “stable ion” environment for their study in situ, isolated examples are rare. Here, we disclose successive protonation of an N‐heterocyclic imine (NHI) derived carbonyl compound (IDippN)2CO,2, to the monocation [(IDippN)(IDippNH) CO]+, [3]+, and the doubly protonated dication [(IDippNH)2CO]2+, [4]2+. [3]+represents a rare example of an N‐protonated carbonyl cation and [4]2+the first example of a superelectrophilic carbonyl dication. All three compounds have been characterized by X‐ray crystallography and IR spectroscopy, revealing stepwise strengthening of the C=O bond on protonation. The unique stability of these systems is attributed to the enhanced basicity and steric profile provided by the NHI substituents. In addition, we report the related singly NHI‐stabilized cation [IDippNCO]+, [5]+. Crystallographic and DFT analyses provide insight into the interaction between the carbonyl fragment and the NHI, which reveals that the [CNCO]+unit (isoelectronic to CCCO) can be described as an acylium cation “masked” as a cumulene.
Single bubble breakup in the flow field induced by a horizontal jet—The experimental research
Authors: Feng Junjie , Cao Jiaying , Jiang Jie , Sun Bing , Cai Ziqi , Gao Zhengming 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBubble breakup in multiphase reactors has a direct and important impact on the mass transfer and reaction process. This paper experimentally investigated the single bubble behaviors of deformation and breakup under the affecting of a jet submerged in a water‐filled tank. The dispersed phase motion was captured by a high speed camera, while the continuous phase flow field was analyzed by Particle Image Velocimetry. By changing the downstream location of bubble generation, the liquid flow rate and the initial bubble size, the breakup processes were analyzed and discussed. The breakup point, break pattern, and distribution of daughter bubbles were summarized. The position where the bubble gets the maximum acceleration was defined as the shear position, and the forces on the bubble at the shear position had a significant impact on whether breakup will occur. The expected bubble number, which could reflect a combination of the breakup probability and daughter bubbles distribution, was defined and found to be directly proportional to the capillary number of bubbles at the shear position. The research result will contribute to promoting the understanding and control of multiphase flow, and providing a theoretical basis and technical support for the design and optimization of multiphase reactors.
Cell‐Selective Delivery of MicroRNA with a MicroRNA–Peptide Conjugate Nanocomplex
Authors: Xiao Xiao , Wang Xingxing , Gao Haidong , Chen Xi , Li Jinbo , Zhang Yan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTargeted delivery of microRNA (miRNA) into specific cells has been regarded as an efficient strategy to enhance miRNA‐targeted therapeutics. However, concurrent delivery of therapeutic miRNAs into different target cells that is conducive to multi‐target therapy is still underdeveloped. Here, we report a novel strategy for cell‐selective delivery of miRNA into different target cells by using miRNA nanocomplexes (MINRCs) formed by miRNA with peptide conjugates. The peptide conjugates comprised a cationic cell‐penetrating peptide nona‐arginine and a targeting ligand that is cyclic RGD or folic acid. Upon mixing in buffer, the peptide conjugates and miR‐34a readily formed two MINRCs, respectively. These two MINRCs facilitated the targeted delivery of miR‐34a into RGD receptor‐positive U87MG cells or folate receptor‐positive HeLa cells via ligand–receptor interaction. We also demonstrated that co‐incubation of these two MINRCs with U87MG and HeLa cells led to cell‐selective delivery of miR‐34a.