bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applying economic models to estimate local economic benefits of improved coverage of early intervention for psychosis
Authors: Campion Jonathan , Taylor Matthew J. , McDaid David , Park A‐La , Shiers David 
Published: February 2019

AimEarly Intervention Psychosis Services (EIPS) for people experiencing First Episode Psychosis (FEP) offer important clinical and non‐clinical benefits over standard care. Similarly, intervention for Clinical High Risk for Psychosis state (CHR‐P) can prevent psychosis, ameliorate symptoms and have non‐clinical benefits. This study aimed to estimate associated local economic benefits of FEP and CHR‐P services compared with standard care.MethodsAcross four south London boroughs, proportion of annual number of new cases of FEP and CHR‐P seen by early intervention services was estimated. Economic modelling conducted for England's mental health strategy was applied to estimate local economic impacts of current and improved service provision.ResultsAcross four London boroughs during 2011/2012, proportion of 15‐34 year olds with FEP seen by EIPS was 100.2% assuming 80/100 000 annual incidence whereas proportion with CHR‐P seen by CHR‐P services was 4.1% assuming 200/100 000 annual incidence. Application of economic modelling suggests that provision of EIPS to reach all new FEP cases each year would free up resources of £13.1m over 10 years including £2.0m to National Health Service (NHS) after the first year. Scaling up to reach all new CHR‐P cases each year would free up resources of £19.7m over 10 years with an estimated 10‐year cost of implementation gap for each 1 year cohort of £18.9m. An earlier related briefing resulted in increased funding for EIPS and new CHR‐P services despite overall cuts to mental health services.ConclusionsEstimation of local economic impacts of FEP and CHR‐P services was associated with improved investment in such services.
Association between remote diffusion‐weighted imaging lesions and cerebral small vessel disease in primary intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Xu X.‐h. , Ye X.‐h. , Li J.‐w. , Cai J.‐s. , Gao T. , Zhang W.‐j. , Zhao G.‐h. , Tong L.‐s. , Gao F. 
Published: February 2019

Background and purposeThe aim of this study was to examine the association amongst remote diffusion‐weighted imaging lesions (R‐DWILs), imaging markers of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) and total cSVD burden in patients with primary intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH).MethodsIn total, 344 consecutive primary ICH patients were enrolled prospectively. R‐DWILs on magnetic resonance imaging as well as four imaging markers of cSVD, including cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), lacunes and enlarged perivascular spaces, were rated with validated scales. The total cSVD score was calculated by adding up these four markers. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed.ResultsRemote DWI lesions were detected in 57 (16.6%) primary ICH patients. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, the presence of CMBs [odds ratio (OR) 5.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.72–16.12], of high‐grade WMHs (OR 4.68, 95% CI 2.01–10.90), the presence of lacunes (OR 2.69, 95% CI 1.20–6.06), mixed CMBs (OR 2.93, 95% CI 1.35–6.36), mixed lacunes (OR 3.60, 95% CI 1.25–10.37), periventricular WMHs (OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.40–3.44), deep WMHs (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.24–2.97) and total WMHs (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.20–1.94) were associated with the presence of R‐DWILs. A significant association was also found between high‐grade total cSVD score and R‐DWILs (OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.36–2.84). This association remained significant in patients stratified by an age of 60 years or more than 60 years.ConclusionsRemote DWI lesions are correlated with the severity of each imaging marker of cSVD and with the total burden of cSVD.
Development of information sharing in language neocortex in childhood‐onset drug‐resistant epilepsy
Authors: Arya Ravindra , Ervin Brian , Wilson J. Adam , Byars Anna W. , Rozhkov Leonid , Buroker Jason , Horn Paul S. , Scholle Craig , Fujiwara Hisako , Greiner Hansel M. , Leach James L. , Rose Douglas F. , Mangano Francesco T. , Glauser Tracy A. , Holland Katherine D. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryObjectiveWe studied age‐related dynamics of information sharing among cortical language regions with electrocorticographic high‐gamma modulation during picture‐naming and story‐listening tasks.MethodsSeventeen epilepsy patients aged 4‐19 years, undergoing extraoperative monitoring with left‐hemispheric subdural electrodes, were included. Mutual information (MI), a nondirectional measure of shared information, between 16 pairs of cortical regions of interest, was computed from trial‐averaged 70–150 Hz power modulations during language tasks. Impact of age on pairwise MI between language regions and their determinants were ascertained with regression analysis.ResultsDuring picture naming, significant increase in MI with age was seen between pairwise combinations of Broca's area, inferior precentral gyrus (iPreC), and frontal association cortex (FAC); Wernicke's area and posterior association cortex (PAC); and Broca's and Wernicke's areas. During story listening, significant age‐related increase in MI was seen between Wernicke's area and either Broca's area, FAC, or PAC; and between Broca's area and FAC. Significant impact of baseline intelligence quotient was seen on the relationship between age and MI for all pairs, except between Broca's area and iPreC. The mean MI was higher during naming compared to listening for pairs including iPreC with Broca's area, FAC, or PAC and was lower for pairs of Wernicke's area or PAC with anterior language regions.SignificanceInformation sharing matures with age “within” frontal and temporoparietal language cortices, and “between” Broca's and Wernicke's areas. This study provides evidence for distinct patterns of developmental plasticity within perisylvian language cortex and has implications for planning epilepsy surgery.
Reconciling Independence and accountability at the European Central Bank: The false promise of Proceduralism
Authors: Dawson Mark , Maricut‐Akbik Adina , Bobić Ana 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis article revisits the balancing act between independence and accountability at the European Central Bank (ECB). It contrasts procedural and substantive concepts of accountability, and challenges the mainstream idea that independence and accountability can be reconciled through narrow mandates, the indiscriminate increase of transparency, the creation of multiple channels of accountability, and the active use of judicial review. These assumptions form the pillars of a procedural type of accountability that promises to resolve the independence/accountability dilemma but fails to do so in practice. The article brings evidence to show how ECB accountability has become a complex administrative exercise that focuses on the procedural steps leading up to monetary and supervisory decisions while simultaneously limiting substantive accountability. The failure to acknowledge the trade‐off between independence and accountability (said to be ‘two sides of the same coin’) has resulted in a tendency to privilege the former over the latter.
An online‐offline prognosis model for fatigue life prediction under biaxial cyclic loading with overloads
Authors: Li Guoyi , Datta Siddhant , Chattopadhyay Aditi , Iyyer Nagaraja , Phan Nam 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a robust online‐offline model for the prediction of crack propagation under complex in‐phase biaxial fatigue loading in the presence of overloads of different magnitudes. The online prognosis model comprises a combination of finite element analysis and data‐driven regression to predict the crack propagation under constant loading, while the offline model is trained using experimental data to inform the post‐overload crack growth retardation behavior to the online model. The developed methodology is validated by conducting biaxial fatigue experiments using aluminum AA7075‐T651 alloy cruciform specimens. A close correlation is observed between the experimental results and model predictions. The results show that the model successfully predicts the crack retardation behavior under the influence of overloads with different magnitudes occurring at different stages of fatigue crack growth. Error analysis is conducted to investigate the sensitivities of the number of training points and crack increments to the prediction accuracy. In addition, the error propagation with respect to the crack length is studied, which provides constructive suggestions for further model improvement.
Off‐track thoughts: Intentional and unintentional mind wandering in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: El Haj Mohamad , Antoine Pascal , Moustafa Ahmed A , Roche Jean , Quaglino Véronique , Gallouj Karim 
Published: February 2019

AimDespite the recent upsurge of interest in mind wandering (i.e. the occurrence of task‐unrelated and stimulus‐independent thoughts), little research has attempted to evaluate mind wandering in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We addressed this issue by evaluating intentional and unintentional mind wandering, as well as the relationship between both mind‐wandering domains. We also investigated the relationship between mind wandering and depression and working memory.MethodsA total of 30 participants with AD and 33 control participants participated in the study.ResultsThe results showed higher intentional and unintentional mind wandering in AD participants than in controls. In AD participants and controls, both mind wandering domains were significantly correlated with depression, but not with working memory.ConclusionsThe present findings show a tendency of AD patients to shift from external stimuli to task‐unrelated thoughts and concerns, a tendency that seems to be related with depression. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 342–346.
New modes of continuous renal replacement therapy using a refiltering technique to reduce micronutrient loss
Authors: Wu Buyun , Ji Daxi , Xu Bin , Fan Rong , Gong Dehua 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroduction: Micronutrient depletion is a major drawback of high‐dose continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). We tested two novel CRRT modes, double‐filtration hemofiltration (DHF) and dialysate‐recycling hemodiafiltration (DHDF), aimed at reducing micronutrient loss while maintaining a high clearance rate of midsized solutes comparable to that of high‐volume hemofiltration (HVHF).Methods: Forty patients with renal failure requiring CRRT were randomly assigned to receive predilutional standard‐volume hemofiltration (SVHF, effluent rate 35 mL/kg/h), predilutional HVHF (100 mL/kg/h), DHF (35 mL/kg/h), and DHDF (30 mL/kg/h). In the two novel modes of CRRT, part of the high‐volume primary effluent fluid produced by a high‐flux filter (AV600S) was refiltered by two low‐flux filters (15 L) for recycling as replacement fluid in DHF and dialysate in DHDF, while the remainder was discarded as final effluent fluid. Specimens were collected for measurement of trace elements, folic acid, amino acids (AAs), β2‐microglobulin, cystatin C, and creatinine and for calculation of solute clearance.Findings: The clearance of 17 AAs, phosphorus, folic acid, copper, and zinc by DHF and DHDF was much lower than that by HVHF and comparable to that by SVHF. The estimated amount of AA loss by SVHF, HVHF, DHF, and DHDF was 10.3 (7.2–13.4) g/d, 22.1 (17.8–24.0) g/d, 10.6 (8.6–14.0) g/d, and 10.0 (8.6–11.4) g/d, respectively. Clearance of cystatin C and β2‐microglobulin by DHF and DHDF was much greater than that by SVHF and equal to that by HVHF.Discussion: Compared to HVHF, DHF, and DHDF have an equal capacity for removal of large solutes but show substantially reduced micronutrient loss.
“Integration Constellations” – The Interaction between Destination and Origin Countries and Civil Society Organizations in Migrant Integration
Authors: Salamońska Justyna , Unterreiner Anne 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMainstream migration research examines migrant integration mainly as a function of integration policies in the country of destination, paying relatively little attention to policy frameworks in the country of origin. In this article we introduce the concept of “integration constellations” in order to describe multiple actors and actions involved in migrant integration in Europe. The analysis of such constellations includes policies frameworks produced by countries of destination and by countries of origin along with activities by civil society organizations. Our study encompasses all these actors in examining three empirical cases: Chinese student migration to the UK, Iranian refugees in Sweden, and Ukrainian labour migrants in Poland. These examples illustrate how actions by the states of origin and of destination can either complement or oppose each other. Although we concentrate on just three dimensions of integration (education, labour market and political participation), we point out the multidimensional reality of migrant integration.
Reducing carbon emissions through employee participation: evidence from Australia
Authors: Markey Raymond , McIvor Joseph , O'Brien Martin , Wright Chris F. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBased on a survey of 682 Australian organisations, we find that employee participation influences organisations' behaviours to reduce carbon emissions. Representative forms of participation and mechanisms dedicated specifically to environmental management are particularly important. Utilisation of a range of forms of participation is also associated with a broader suite of emission reduction activities.
Pilot trial of a STOMA psychosocial intervention programme for colorectal cancer patients with stomas
Authors: Lim Siew Hoon , Chan Sally Wai Chi , Chow Aloysius , Zhu Lixia , Lai Jiunn Herng , He Hong‐Gu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimsTo evaluate preliminary effects of a newly developed STOMA psychosocial intervention programme that was delivered via a multi‐modal and multi‐dimensional approach on the improvement of outcomes of colorectal cancer patients with stoma.BackgroundWith a distorted body image and the loss of an essential body function, stoma patients face difficulties in everyday life in terms of physical, psychological, and social aspects. Few studies have explored effects of psychosocial interventions on improving stoma‐related health outcomes.DesignThis was a two‐group pre‐test‐post‐test pilot randomized controlled trial.MethodsFifty‐three participants were recruited from July 2015–November 2016 in a tertiary public hospital in Singapore. They were randomized into either intervention group (N = 29) or control group (N = 24). Stoma care self‐efficacy, acceptance of stoma, stoma proficiency, length of hospital stay, anxiety and depression and quality of life were measured. IBM SPSS 24.0 was used to analyse the data.ResultsThere was an improvement in acceptance of stoma in the intervention group (p < 0.05). Significant effects on stoma care self‐efficacy, stoma proficiency, length of hospital stay, anxiety and depression level and quality of life were not shown.ConclusionThis study developed a feasible and applicable psychosocial intervention programme and generated preliminary evidence in the positive outcomes of colorectal cancer patients with stoma. Future studies can explore technology‐based interventions to provide a more sustainable support for patients with stoma.
Identification and typing of Vagococcus salmoninarum using genomic and proteomic techniques
Authors: Torres‐Corral Yolanda , Santos Ysabel 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis study reports on the characterization of Vagococcus salmoninarum using phenotypic, serological, antigenic, genetic and proteomic methods. All strains of V. salmoninarum were resistant to most of the antimicrobials tested, and only 10% of strains were sensitive to florfenicol. Serological analysis demonstrated a high antigenic homogeneity within the species. No cross‐reaction was detected with other fish pathogenic species causing streptococcosis (Lactococcus garvieae, Streptococcus parauberis, Streptococcus iniae, Streptococcus agalactiae, Carnobacterium maltaromaticum) using serum against V. salmoninarum CECT 5810. Electrophoretic analysis of cell surface proteins and immunoblot supported the antigenic homogeneity within V. salmoninarum strains. Moreover, limited diversity was detected using genomic (RAPD, ERIC‐PCR and REP‐PCR) and MALDI‐TOF‐MS analyses. The phenotypic, genomic and proteomic methods tested allowed the rapid differentiation of V. salmoninarum from the other species causing streptococcosis. However, MALDI‐TOF‐MS is the most promising method for typing and characterization of V. salmoninarum.
Bioengineering the microanatomy of human skin
Authors: Roger Mathilde , Fullard Nicola , Costello Lydia , Bradbury Steven , Markiewicz Ewa , O'Reilly Steven , Darling Nicole , Ritchie Pamela , Määttä Arto , Karakesisoglou Iakowos , Nelson Glyn , von Zglinicki Thomas , Dicolandrea Teresa , Isfort Robert , Bascom Charles , Przyborski Stefan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRecreating the structure of human tissues in the laboratory is valuable for fundamental research, testing interventions, and reducing the use of animals. Critical to the use of such technology is the ability to produce tissue models that accurately reproduce the microanatomy of the native tissue. Current artificial cell‐based skin systems lack thorough characterisation, are not representative of human skin, and can show variation. In this study, we have developed a novel full thickness model of human skin comprised of epidermal and dermal compartments. Using an inert porous scaffold, we created a dermal construct using human fibroblasts that secrete their own extracellular matrix proteins, which avoids the use of animal‐derived materials. The dermal construct acts as a foundation upon which epidermal keratinocytes were seeded and differentiated into a stratified keratinised epithelium. In‐depth morphological analyses of the model demonstrated very close similarities with native human skin. Extensive immunostaining and electron microscopy analysis revealed ultrastructural details such as keratohyalin granules and lamellar bodies within the stratum granulosum, specialised junctional complexes, and the presence of a basal lamina. These features reflect the functional characteristics and barrier properties of the skin equivalent. Robustness and reproducibility of in vitro models are important attributes in experimental practice, and we demonstrate the consistency of the skin construct between different users. In summary, a new model of full thickness human skin has been developed that possesses microanatomical features reminiscent of native tissue. This skin model platform will be of significant interest to scientists researching the structure and function of human skin.
The bizarre skull of Xenotyphlops sheds light on synapomorphies of Typhlopoidea
Authors: Chretien Johann , Wang‐Claypool Cynthia Y. , Glaw Frank , Scherz Mark D. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe emerging picture of non‐monophyly of scolecophidian snakes is increasingly indicative that fossorial lifestyle, myrmecophagous diet, and miniaturisation are powerful drivers of morphological evolution in squamate skulls. We provide a detailed description of the skull of Xenotyphlops grandidieri, with reference to the skulls of other scolecophidian snakes. The skull, which shows dramatic ventral inflection of the snout complex, is remarkably bizarre, and the mouth opening is more ventrally oriented than in other typhlopoids. The eyes are strongly reduced, and the enlarged and rather flat anterior head shield is covered in numerous sensillae. We put forward several potential explanations for the evolution of these unusual modifications. On the other hand, Xenotyphlops shares numerous synapomorphies with other typhlopoid snakes, including the highly specialized jaw mechanism. We argue that the key differences between the jaw mechanisms of Leptotyphlopidae, Anomalepididae, and Typhlopoidea provide compelling evidence for a strong role of convergence in the evolution of the scolecophidian bauplan, and these clades therefore cannot be interpreted as representative of ancestral anatomy or ecology among snakes.
Do Family Relationships Buffer the Impact of Disability on Older Adults' Daily Mood? An Exploration of Gender and Marital Status Differences
Authors: Carr Deborah , Cornman Jennifer C. , Freedman Vicki A. 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveWe evaluate whether non‐spousal family support and strain moderate the effect of disability on older adults' daily frustration and happiness, and whether these patterns differ by gender and marital status.BackgroundStress buffering perspectives predict that harmful effects of stress on well‐being are buffered by family support, whereas stress proliferation models suggest effects are intensified by family strain. The extent to which family relationships moderate these associations may vary on the basis of gender and marital status, as non‐spousal family ties are considered especially salient for women and unpartnered persons.MethodData are from the 2013 Disability and Use of Time supplement to the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (n = 1,474), a national sample of adults ages 60+. Multivariate regression models are estimated for married/partnered men and women, and formerly married women.ResultsNeither family support nor strain moderated the effect of severe impairment on married men's emotions. Family support buffered the effect of impairment on frustration among divorced and widowed women, but not their married counterparts. Counterintuitively, family arguments reduced frustration and increased happiness among married women with severe impairment.ConclusionConsistent with stress buffering perspectives, family support was most protective for the vulnerable population of formerly married older women with severe impairment.ImplicationsThis study underscores the importance of family support for formerly married women managing health‐related challenges in later life.
Oral health status of adults in North Carolina assisted living facilities
Authors: Stephens Rhonda , White Benjamin Alex 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe specific aims of this study were to describe the baseline oral health status of persons residing in North Carolina assisted living facilities and determine how identified oral health problems vary according to resident and facility demographic variables.MethodsThis cross‐sectional descriptive epidemiologic study used a statewide random sample of 40 assisted living facilities and a convenience sample of 854 assisted living residents. Dental hygienists and dentists conducted oral screenings on residents using the Association of State and Territorial Dental Director's Basic Screening Survey for Older Adults tool.ResultsNearly one‐third of participants were younger than 65. Overall, poorer oral health was noted for non‐Hispanic black residents, Medicaid recipients, residents of small facilities (20–60 beds), and residents of facilities located in the Coastal Plains region of the state. Oral health also worsened with increasing length of residence yet seemed to improve with age. The overall rate of edentulism was 29 percent, half of whom did not have complete dentures. Nearly half (48.6 percent) of residents had untreated decay.ConclusionsThere is a need for policy and public health programming that addresses the broad racial and socioeconomic factors that contribute to disparities among the institutionalized. Furthermore, the oral health disparities between institutionalized and community‐dwelling older adults reflect the need for policy that requires and ensures access to a minimum level of oral health care throughout the duration of a resident's stay. Programming to support such policy should include development of an oral health workforce that is competent in geriatric oral health care.