bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between progression of coronary artery calcium and colorectal adenoma
Authors: Lee Yun Jeong , Baik Su Jung , Park Hyojin , Park Jae Jun , Han Donghee , Lee Hye Sun , Lee Byoung Kwon 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The potential relationship between coronary artery calcium (CAC) and colorectal adenoma has been widely indicated. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the risk of colorectal adenoma and CAC progression in asymptomatic Korean adults who underwent serial assessments by colonoscopy and CAC scan.
A total of 754 asymptomatic participants, who had undergone serial CAC scans and colonoscopies for screening, were enrolled. Changes in CAC were assessed according to the absolute change between baseline and follow-up results. CAC progression was defined using Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis method. Risk for adenoma at follow-up colonoscopy was determined using hazard ratio (HR) by Cox regression. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was measured.
The mean follow-up duration was 3.4 ± 2.5 years. CAC progression was found in 215 participants (28.5%). Participants with adenoma at index colonoscopy showed a higher rate of CAC progression than those without (38.8% vs 23.6%, P < .01). In participants with adenoma at index colonoscopy, CAC progression significantly increased the cumulative risk for adenoma at follow-up colonoscopy (HR = 1.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06–2.06, log-rank P = .021). In multivariate analysis, male sex (HR = 2.57, 95% CI 1.22–5.42, P = .013), ≥3 adenomas at index colonoscopy (HR = 2.60, 95% CI 1.16–5.85, P = .021), and CAC progression (HR = 2.74, 95% CI 1.48–5.08, P = .001) increased the risk of adenoma at follow-up colonoscopy. In participants without adenoma at index colonoscopy, neither baseline CAC presence nor CAC progression increased the risk of adenoma at follow-up colonoscopy. The interaction between CAC progression and adenoma at index colonoscopy was significant in multivariable model (P = .005). In the ROC analysis, AUC of CAC progression for adenoma at follow-up colonoscopy was 0.625 (95% CI 0.567–0.684, P < .001) in participants with adenoma at index colonoscopy.
Participants with CAC progression, who are at high risk of coronary atherosclerosis, may need to be considered for follow-up evaluation of colorectal adenoma, especially those with adenoma at index colonoscopy.
The long-term impact of tumor burden in pT3N0M0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Li Tingting , Fu Xiaobin , Xiao Lihua , Su Liyu , Dai Yaqing , Yao Qiwei , Li Jiancheng 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of tumor burden on the survival of patients with pathologic T3N0M0 (pT3N0M0) esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).
A total of 84 patients with pathologic T3N0M0 ESCC treated with radical esophagectomy and 3-field lymphadenectomy (3-FL) from January 2008 to December 2009 in our center were analyzed. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to calculate the optimal cutoff value. The Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test were used to assess the overall survival (OS) differences between groups. A regression model was applied to identify prognostic factors for OS. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to adjust for the imbalance and indication biases in the 2 groups.
The median follow-up time was 62 months (range, 1–84 months), and the 5-year OS rate was 62% (95% confidence interval, 52.2–71.8%). According to the ROC curve analysis, the optimal cutoff values for the maximal esophageal wall thickness, tumor length, and tumor volume were 1.3 cm, 5.9 cm, and 18.6 cc, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that maximal esophageal wall thickness >1.3 cm (P = .014), tumor volume >18.6 cc (P < .001), and vascular invasion (P < .001) were significantly associated with OS. The multivariate Cox regression model identified tumor volume and vascular invasion as factors affecting OS. After propensity matching, patients with a tumor volume ≤18.6 cc had a better OS than those with a tumor volume >18.6 cc (5-year OS, 85% vs 50%, P = .008).
Tumor volume may serve as a good prognostic factor for patients with pT3N0M0 ESCC treated with radical esophagectomy and 3-FL. Larger-scale studies are warranted to validate these findings.
Incidence and outcomes of cricothyrotomy in the “cannot intubate, cannot oxygenate” situation
Authors: Kwon Young Suk , Lee Choung Ah , Park Sunghoon , Ha Sang Ook , Sim Yun Su , Baek Moon Seong 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Few data are available regarding factors that impact cricothyrotomy use and outcome in general hospital setting. The aim of the present study was to determine the incidence and outcomes of the patients underwent cricothyrotomy in a “cannot intubate, cannot oxygenate” (CICO) situation at university hospitals in Korea.
This was a retrospective review of the electronic medical records of consecutive patients who underwent cricothyrotomy during a CICO situation between March, 2007, and October, 2018, at 2 university hospitals in Korea. Data regarding patient characteristics and outcomes were analyzed using descriptive statistics.
During the study period, a total of 10,187 tracheal intubations were attempted and 23 patients received cricothyrotomy. Hospitalwide incidence of cricothyrotomy was 2.3 per 1000 tracheal intubations (0.23%). The majority of cricothyrotomy procedures (22 cases, 95.7%) were performed in the emergency department (ED); 1 cricothyrotomy was attempted in the endoscopy room. In the ED, 5663 intubations were attempted and the incidence of cricothyrotomy was 3.9 per 1000 tracheal intubations (0.39%). Survival rate at hospital discharge was 47.8% (11 of 23 cases). Except for cardiac arrest at admission, survival rate was 62.5% (10 of 16 cases). Successful cricothyrotomy was performed in 17 patients (73.9%) and 9 patients (52.9%) were survived. Among 6 patients of failed cricothyrotomy (26.1%), 2 patients (33.3%) were survived. After failure of cricothyrotomy, various methods of securing airway were established: 3 tracheal intubations, 1 nasotracheal intubation, and 1 tracheostomy.
The success rate of cricothyrotomy and survival rate in the CICO situation were not high. After failure of cricothyrotomy, various methods of securing airway were performed.
Development and validation of a revised trauma-specific quality of life instrument
Authors: Herrera-Escobar Juan Pablo , deRoon-Cassini Terri , Brasel Karen , Nehra Deepika , Al Rafai Syeda Sanam , Toppo Alexander , Kasotakis George , Velmahos George , Salim Ali , Haider Adil Hussain 
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND
The National Academies of Science has called for routine collection of long-term outcomes after injury. One of the main barriers for this is the lack of practical trauma-specific tools to collect such outcomes. The only trauma-specific long-term outcomes measure that applies a biopsychosocial view of patient care, the Trauma Quality-of-Life (T-QoL), has not been adopted because of its length, lack of composite scores, and unknown validity. Our objective was to develop a shorter version of the T-QoL measure that is reliable, valid, specific, and generalizable to all trauma populations.

METHODS
We used two random samples selected from a prospective registry developed to follow long-term outcomes of adult trauma survivors (Injury Severity Score ≥9) admitted to three level I trauma centers. First, we validated the original T-QoL instrument using the 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) version 2.0 and Breslau post-traumatic stress disorder screening (B-PTSD) tools. Second, we conducted a confirmatory factor analysis to reduce the length of the original T-QoL instrument, and using a different sample, we scored and performed internal consistency and validity assessments of the revised T-QoL (RT-QoL) components.

RESULTS
All components of the original T-QoL were significantly correlated negatively with the B-PTSD and positively with the SF-12 mental and physical composite scores. After confirmatory factor analysis, a three-component structure using 18 items (six items/component) most appropriately represented the data. Each component in the revised instrument demonstrated a high level of internal consistency (Cronbach's α ≥0.8) and correlated negatively with the B-PTSD and positively with the SF-12, demonstrating concurrent validity. In addition, each of the RT-QoL components was able to distinguish between individuals based on their work status, with those who have returned to work reporting better health.

CONCLUSION
This more practical RT-QoL measure greatly increases the ability to evaluate long-term outcomes in trauma more efficiently and meaningfully, without sacrificing the validity and psychometric properties of the original instrument.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic and epidemiological, level III.
Mindfulness meditators show enhanced working memory performance concurrent with different brain region engagement patterns during recall
Authors: Bailey NW , Freedman G , Raj K , Spierings KN , Piccoli LR , Sullivan CM , Chung SW , Hill AT , Rogasch NC , Fitzgerald PB 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMindfulness meditation has been shown to improve working memory (WM). However, the altered brain activity underpinning these improvements is underexplored. In non-meditating individuals, modulation of theta and alpha oscillations and 1/f aperiodic activity during WM has been found to be related to WM performance. Resting theta and alpha oscillations have been found to differ in meditators, but WM related oscillation changes and 1/f aperiodic activity have not yet been examined. Additionally, WM event-related-potentials (ERPs) are modulated by attention, which is also enhanced by meditation, so these neural measures are candidates for exploring neural activity underpinning WM improvement in meditators. We recorded EEG from 29 controls and 29 meditators during a modified Sternberg WM task and compared theta, alpha, and 1/f aperiodic activity during the WM delay, and ERPs time-locked to the WM probe. Meditators responded more accurately (p = 0.008, Cohen’s d = 0.688). Meditators also showed different ERP distributions with earlier left-temporal activation and more frontal distribution of activity (FDR-p = 0.0186, η2 = 0.0903), as well as a reduction in overall neural response strength (FDR-p = 0.0098, η2 = 0.1251). While a higher proportion of meditators showed theta oscillations during the WM delay, no other differences in theta, alpha or 1/f aperiodic activity were present. These results suggest that increased WM performance in meditators might not be the result of higher amplitudes of typical WM activity, but instead due to an alternative neural strategy during WM decision making, which may allow more accurate responses with less neural activation.Highlights-Long term mindfulness meditators showed improved working memory (WM) accuracy-This was concurrent with earlier left temporal activation following probe stimuli-As well as a more frontal distribution and reduced overall neural response strength-No oscillation differences were present in the working memory delay period-Improved WM from altered neural strategy rather than increased neural activity
Less is more! Rapid increase in plant species richness after reduced mowing of urban grasslands
Authors: Sehrt Melissa , Bossdorf Oliver , Freitag Martin , Bucharova Anna 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUrban lawns provide space for recreation in cities, and they are an important part of urban green infrastructures. However, most lawns are intensively managed. As only few plant species can survive the frequent mowing, urban lawns typically harbor only a limited number of plant species. To improve the biodiversity of urban lawns, it is often suggested to reduce the mowing frequency. Here, we studied the plant diversity of urban grasslands that have recently undergone management changes from mowing every few weeks to mowing only once or twice per season and compared them to intensively managed lawns. Within six years after the management changes, the grasslands with reduced mowing frequency indeed hosted 30% more plant species than intensively managed lawns, and they were more heterogeneous both within and between grasslands. Additionally, the species composition of less frequently mown grasslands shifted from common mowing-tolerant lawn species to typical meadow species. Our study thus shows that the reduction of mowing is a simple and effective tool for increasing the biodiversity in urban grasslands.
Parallel Factor Analysis for multidimensional decomposition of fNIRS data
Authors: Hüsser Alejandra M. , Caron-Desrochers Laura , Tremblay Julie , Vannasing Phetsamone , Martínez-Montes Eduardo , Gallagher Anne 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSignificanceCurrent techniques for data analysis in functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), such as artifact correction, do not allow to integrate the information originating from both wavelengths, considering only temporal and spatial dimensions of the signal’s structure. Parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) has previously been validated as a multidimensional decomposition technique in other neuroimaging fields.AimWe aimed to introduce and validate the use of PARAFAC for the analysis of fNIRS data, which is inherently multidimensional (time, space, wavelength).ApproachWe used data acquired in 17 healthy adults during a verbal fluency task to compare the efficacy of PARAFAC for motion artifact correction to traditional 2D decomposition techniques, i.e. target principal (tPCA) and independent component analysis (ICA). Correction performance was further evaluated under controlled conditions with simulated artifacts and hemodynamic response functions.ResultsPARAFAC achieved significantly higher improvement in data quality as compared to tPCA and ICA. Correction in several simulated signals further validated its use and promoted it as a robust method independent of the artifact’s characteristics.ConclusionsThis study describes the first implementation of PARAFAC in fNIRS and provides validation for its use to correct artifacts. PARAFAC is a promising data-driven alternative for multidimensional data analyses in fNIRS and this study paves the way for further applications.
Biased M1positive allosteric modulators reveal novel role of phospholipase D in M1-dependent rodent cortical plasticity
Authors: Moran Sean P. , Xiang Zixiu , Doyle Catherine A. , Maksymetz James , Lv Xiaohui , Faltin Sehr , Niswender Colleen M. , Rook Jerri M. , Lindsley Craig W. , Jeffrey Conn P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHighly selective positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of the M1subtype of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor have emerged as an exciting new approach for the potential improvement of cognitive function in patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease and schizophrenia. M1PAM discovery programs have produced a structurally diverse range of M1PAMs with distinct pharmacological properties, including different levels of agonist activity and differences in signal bias. This includes the recent discovery of novel biased M1PAMs that can potentiate coupling of M1to activation of phospholipase C but not phospholipase D (PLD). However, little is known about the role of PLD in M1signaling in native systems and it is not clear whether biased M1PAMs will display differences in modulating M1-mediated responses in native tissue. We now report a series of studies using novel PLD inhibitors and PLD knockout mice to show that PLD is necessary for the induction of M1-dependent long-term depression (LTD) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Importantly, biased M1PAMs that do not couple to PLD not only fail to potentiate orthosteric agonist-induced LTD but also block M1-dependent LTD in the PFC. In contrast, biased and non-biased M1PAMs act similarly in potentiating M1-dependent electrophysiological responses that are PLD-independent. These findings demonstrate that PLD plays a critical role in the ability of M1PAMs to modulate certain CNS functions and that biased M1PAMs function differently in brain regions implicated in cognition.SummaryWe demonstrate a novel role of phospholipase D in M1-dependent rodent cortical plasticity and M1PAMs that do not couple to phospholipase D have functionally distinct effects on cortical plasticity than non-biased M1PAMs.
StrainPro – a highly accurate Metagenomic strain-level profiling tool
Authors: Lin Hsin-Nan , Lin Yaw-Ling , Hsu Wen-Lian 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTCharacterizing the taxonomic diversity of a microbial community is very important to understand the roles of microorganisms. Next generation sequencing (NGS) provides great potential for investigation of a microbial community and leads to Metagenomic studies. NGS generates DNA fragment sequences directly from microorganism samples, and it requires analysis tools to identify microbial species (or taxonomic composition) and estimate their relative abundance in the studied community. However, only a few tools could achieve strain-level identification and most tools estimate the microbial abundances simply according to the read counts. An evaluation study on metagenomic analysis tools concludes that the predicted abundance differed significantly from the true abundance. In this study, we present StrainPro, a novel metagenomic analysis tool which is highly accurate both at characterizing microorganisms at strain-level and estimating their relative abundances. A unique feature of StrainPro is it identifies representative sequence segments from reference genomes. We generate three simulated datasets using known strain sequences and another three simulated datasets using unknown strain sequences. We compare the performance of StrainPro with seven existing tools. The results show that StrainPro not only identifies metagenomes with high precision and recall, but it is also highly robust even when the metagenomes are not included in the reference database. Moreover, StrainPro estimates the relative abundance with high accuracy. We demonstrate that there is a strong positive linear relationship between observed and predicted abundances.
Data interoperability for disaster risk reduction in Europe
Authors: Migliorini Massimo , Hagen Jenny Sjåstad , Mihaljević Jadranka , Mysiak Jaroslav , Rossi Jean-Louis , Siegmund Alexander , Meliksetian Khachatur , Guha Sapir Debarati 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss how, despite increasing data availability from a wide range of sources unlocks unprecedented opportunities for disaster risk reduction, data interoperability remains a challenge due to a number of barriers. As a first step to enhancing data interoperability for disaster risk reduction is to identify major barriers, this paper presents a case study on data interoperability in disaster risk reduction in Europe, linking current barriers to the regional initiative of the European Science and Technology Advisory Group.

Design/methodology/approach
In support of Priority 2 (“Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk”) of the Sendai Framework and SDG17 (“Partnerships for the goals”), this paper presents a case study on barriers to data interoperability in Europe based on a series of reviews, surveys and interviews with National Sendai Focal Points and stakeholders in science and research, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations and industry.

Findings
For a number of European countries, there remains a clear imbalance between long-term disaster risk reduction and short-term preparation and the dominant role of emergency relief, response and recovery, pointing to the potential of investments in ex ante measures with better inclusion and exploitation of data.

Originality/value
Modern society is facing a digital revolution. As highlighted by the International Council of Science and the Committee on Data for Science and Technology, digital technology offers profound opportunities for science to discover unsuspected patterns and relationships in nature and society, on scales from the molecular to the cosmic, from local health systems to global sustainability. It has created the potential for disciplines of science to synergize into a holistic understanding of the complex challenges currently confronting humanity; the Sustainable Development Goals are a direct reflectance of this. Interdisciplinary is obtained with integration of data across relevant disciplines. However, a barrier to realization and exploitation of this potential arises from the incompatible data standards and nomenclatures used in different disciplines. Although the problem has been addressed by several initiatives, the following challenge still remains: to make online data integration a routine.
Citizens’ assessment of the information quality of e-government websites in Pakistan
Authors: Rasool Tayyba , Warraich Nosheen Fatima , Rorissa Abebe 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
E-government websites/portals are effective modes of communication between governments and citizens. The information quality (IQ) of these websites/portals is of vital importance and, hence, is worth assessing, to ensure their effectiveness. This study aims to assess the IQ dimensions of e-government websites/portals in Pakistan and also evaluate the most significant IQ indicators.

Design/methodology/approach
This study used a quantitative research method based on a survey. The data were collected from a sample of young citizens, and a questionnaire was adopted from a previous study by Kandari, et al. (2011) with minor changes to reflect the local context.

Findings
The findings revealed that out of 20 IQ indicators, 14 were rated 4 or 5 on a five-point Likert scale, indicating a reasonably high IQ for Pakistani e-government websites/portals. Value-added, “accessibility” and “objectivity” were the top three indicators, while timeliness, ease of operation and advertisement were the least rated indicators, suggesting that these need to be addressed. The findings of the study also revealed that IQ indicators are not affected by the different age groups of citizens.

Research limitations/implications
The focus of this study was limited to university students to understand their perceptions about IQ indicators of e-government websites in Pakistan, and the results can only be generalized to young Pakistani citizens and the developing countries with a similar context.

Practical implications
This study could provide some guidance to policy makers and websites designers in the development of e-government websites according to users’ needs and identifying the ways to regularly maintain and update these websites.

Originality/value
This study provides an understanding of the IQ of Pakistani e-government websites from the citizens’ perspective. It attempts to fill that gap and produce findings that could assist in making informed policy decisions.