bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Das chirurgische Tertial im praktischen Jahr – Status quo 2017
Authors: Oppermann Nadine , Weitz Jürgen , Reißfelder Christoph , Mees Sören 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungDas praktische Jahr (PJ) ist der 3. und letzte Studienabschnitt des Medizinstudiums. Es ermöglicht den Studenten, erste praktische Tätigkeiten selbstständig durchzuführen und es ist der erste dauerhafte Kontakt mit einer Klinik und einem Ärzteteam. Dieser Abschnitt ist nicht selten ausschlaggebend für die spätere Bewerbungsphase. Neben der beruflichen Orientierung dienen diese letzten Monate zudem der intensiven Vorbereitung auf das Staatsexamen. Eine fundierte, strukturierte und breite Grundausbildung sollte somit eines der Hauptziele sein. Doch bei 36 verschiedenen Fakultäten mit eigenen PJ-Ordnungen und mehreren angegliederten Lehrkrankenhäusern ist diese Ausbildungsphase in Deutschland heterogen. Als eines der größeren Pflichtfächer mit zahlreichen Unterteilungen ist die chirurgische Ausbildung ein Kernpunkt des PJ. Wir führten eine nationale Umfrage unter allen medizinischen Fakultäten durch, um die aktuelle Strukturierung des chirurgischen Tertials in Deutschland zu evaluieren. Die Umfrage zeigte eine deutliche Heterogenität der Struktur und Organisation des chirurgischen Tertials. Die Wahlmöglichkeiten zwischen den verschiedenen chirurgischen Subfächern und die begrenzte Zeit resultieren oftmals in einer zeitlich limitierten oder gar fehlenden chirurgischen Ausbildung im Bereich der Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Gefäßchirurgie. Krankheitsbilder aus diesen chirurgischen Fächern treten in relevantem Ausmaß auf, sodass jedem praktizierenden Arzt eine Mindestkenntnis im Studium und PJ vermittelt werden sollte. Zur Sicherung einer soliden Grundausbildung erscheint eine bundesweite Regelung mit einer definierten chirurgischen Ausbildung im PJ sinnvoll.
Musiktherapie in der
Schlaganfallrehabilitation
Authors: Altenmüller Eckart , Scholz Daniel S. , Rollnik Jens D. 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungDie motivierende Wirkung der Musik kann überaus fruchtbar in der
Neurorehabilitation von gestörten Hand- und Armfunktionen genutzt werden. Wir
stellen zwei Ansätze vor, nämlich das „Klaviertraining“ und das
„Sonifikations“-Training, in denen diese neurologische Musiktherapie pragmatisch
umgesetzt wird. Ein Ausblick auf zukünftige Projekte und Forschungsfragen
schließt den Übersichtsartikel ab.
Es gibt keine falschen Töne, es gibt nur eigene
Töne
Authors: Bentele Heike 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungInterview von Heike BenteleDie Patientin, Frau Christine Schlee, erlitt einen
Verschluss und eine Stenose der A. basilaris. Sie befand sich im Herbst 2017 für
fünf Wochen in neurorehabilitativer Behandlung.
Was kann Gesundheitsjournalismus leisten? Eine kriteriengeleitete Bewertung der Berichterstattung zur HPV-Impfung 2006 bis 2009 in Deutschland
Authors: Niewald Ann-Kristin , Oedingen Carina , Razum Oliver 
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Analyse Im Jahr 2006 wurde der erste Impfstoff gegen Humane Papillomviren (HPV) in Europa zugelassen und 2007 in den Leistungskatalog der Gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung in Deutschland aufgenommen. Schon im Vorfeld und auch nach der Zulassung wurde der Impfstoff kontrovers in Öffentlichkeit und (Print-)Medien diskutiert. Wir untersuchten die gesundheitsjournalistische Qualität der Berichterstattung zur HPV-Impfung während der Kontroverse.
Methodik Die LexisNexis-Printmedien-Datenbank wurde anhand ausgewählter Suchbegriffe für 4 deutsche auflagenstarke überregionale Zeitungen sowie 4 auflagenstarke Zeitschriften und Magazine für den Zeitraum 2006–2009 durchsucht. HPV-bezogene Artikel wurden anhand etablierter Indikatoren untersucht und jeweils anhand eines dezimalen Punkte-Notenschlüssels zusammenfassend bewertet.
Ergebnisse Es wurden 58 Zeitungs- und Magazinartikel zur HPV-Impfung identifiziert und von 2 unabhängigen Personen bewertet. Die einzelnen Indikatoren gesundheitsjournalistischer Berichterstattung wurden durchschnittlich mit der Note 4,6 von 6 bewertet. Gerade die für LeserInnen relevantesten Qualitätskategorien, die ein hinreichendes Verständnis der HPV-Impfung ermöglichen, konnte ein Großteil der Artikel nicht erfüllen. Lediglich die Kategorien Einfachheit der Sprache und Gliederung/Ordnung wurden in fast allen Artikeln positiv umgesetzt.
Schlussfolgerungen Die Einhaltung der etablierten Qualitätsstandards gilt als eine wichtige Grundlage des Gesundheitsjournalismus, erweist sich aber bei einer komplexen Berichterstattung wie der HPV-Impfung als kaum vollständig umsetzbar. Aus Public-Health-Sicht lassen sich dennoch vermeidbare Defizite in der Berichterstattung identifizieren, insbesondere bezüglich der unvollständigen Evidenzlage zur Impfung zu diesem Zeitpunkt. Mithilfe eines Public-Health-basierten Media-Monitorings könnten Informationsdefizite oder häufige Fehlinformationen systematisch erkannt und durch entsprechende zusätzliche Aufklärungsmaßnahmen behoben werden.
Coevolution of landesque capital intensive agriculture and sociopolitical hierarchy
Authors: Sheehan Oliver , Watts Joseph , Gray Russell D. , Atkinson Quentin D. 
Published: March 2018

Significance
Over the past 10,000 years, human societies have grown vastly more complex. How and why this occurred is still debated. One major point of contention is the relationship between two characteristic features of complex societies: intensive resource use and sociopolitical hierarchy. The “materialist” view is that intensification drives hierarchy, but the reverse view and intermediate views have also been proposed. Here we report the results of a phylogenetic study on the coevolution of landesque capital intensive agriculture and sociopolitical hierarchy in the Austronesian-speaking world. We find support for a reciprocal coevolutionary relationship between the two variables, challenging the materialist view and highlighting the importance of social as well as material factors as drivers of cultural evolution.
Frater Bercaldus – Berealdus – Bertholdus de Maisberch
Authors: Jeck Udo Reinhold 
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung
In early modernity, church historians initially showed little interest in Berthold of Moosburg. They knew him as a commentator of Proclus,
but they did not recognise his importance for the history of Neoplatonism. The librarians and bibliographers who came across Berthold’s
commentary on Proclus in the Balliol College Library at Oxford showed no interest in the philosophical content of this work. An article on
Berthold in the monumental work Scriptores Ordinis Praedicatorum (1719) summarised the available information. It was Johann
Albert Fabricius (1668–1736) who took notice of it. Fabricius was very interested in Proclus as well as in Neoplatonic theology and its
narration in the Elements of Theology; he had started to collect all available information regarding this issue and had
also come across Berthold’s commentary. However, he did not ignore him, as many had done before, but properly recognised the importance of
Berthold for the history of the reception of Proclus’s philosophy. Fabricius always referred to the Dominican thinker when dealing with
Proclus’s Elements of Theology, in particular in his own Bibliotheca graeca. One of the attentive readers
of this work was the German philologist Friedrich Creuzer. In 1822, within the framework of publishing Neoplatonic writings, Creuzer
reedited Proclus’s Elements of Theology. As a consequence of this new edition, Proclus together with his medieval
commentator came into the focus of leading representatives of classical German philosophy.
Hidden chiral symmetries in BDI multichannel Kitaev chains
Authors: Manesco Antônio L R , Weber Gabrielle , Rodrigues Durval 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Realistic implementations of the Kitaev chain require, in general, the introduction of extra internal degrees of freedom. In the present work, we discuss the presence of hidden BDI symmetries for free Hamiltonians describing systems with an arbitrary number of internal degrees of freedom. We generalize results of a spinfull Kitaev chain to construct a Hamiltonian with n internal degrees of freedom and obtain the corresponding hidden chiral symmetry. As an explicit application of this generalized result, we exploit by analytical and numerical calculations the case of a spinful two-band Kitaev chain, which can host up to four Majorana bound states. We also observe the appearence of minigap states, when chiral symmetry is broken.
accuMUlate: a mutation caller designed for mutation accumulation experiments
Authors: Winter David J , Wu Steven H , Howell Abigail A , Azevedo Ricardo B R , Zufall Rebecca A , Cartwright Reed A 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Summary
Mutation accumulation (MA) is the most widely used method for directly studying the effects of mutation. By sequencing whole genomes from MA lines, researchers can directly study the rate and molecular spectra of spontaneous mutations and use these results to understand how mutation contributes to biological processes. At present there is no software designed specifically for identifying mutations from MA lines. Here we describe accuMUlate, a probabilistic mutation caller that reflects the design of a typical MA experiment while being flexible enough to accommodate properties unique to any particular experiment.
Availability and implementation accuMUlate is available from https://github.com/dwinter/accuMUlate.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
ALPHA: a toolkit for Automated Local PHylogenomic Analyses
Authors: Elworth R A Leo , Allen Chabrielle , Benedict Travis , Dulworth Peter , Nakhleh Luay 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Summary
The evolutionary histories of individual regions across a genomic alignment—called ‘local genealogies’—can differ from each other, due to processes such as recombination. Elucidating and analyzing these local genealogies are important for a large number of inference tasks, including those pertaining to species phylogenies, evolutionary processes and trait mapping. In this paper, we present a toolkit for automated local phylogenomic analyses, or ALPHA. The purpose of this toolkit is to provide a wide array of functionalities for automated inference of local genealogies as well as analyses based on these local genealogies. The toolkit uses sliding windows to construct local genealogies and can compute a wide array of local phylogeny based statistics, such as the D-statistic. The toolkit comes with a graphical user interface and several import/export functionalities. Over the last few decades, much emphasis in phylogenomics has been put on developing tools for inferring species phylogenies. This toolkit complements those efforts by emphasizing the ‘local’ aspect of phylogenomics.

Availability and implementation
ALPHA is freely available for installation and use, including source code, at https://github.com/chilleo/ALPHA.
Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire
Authors: Abacigil Filiz , Harlak Hacer , Okyay Pınar , Kiraz Didem Evci , Gursoy Turan Selen , Saruhan Gulnur , Karakaya Kagan , Tuzun Hakan , Baran Deniz Emine , Tontus Omer , Beşer Erdal 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Health literacy is a public health priority which refers to individual’s knowledge, motivation and competence to access, understand, appraise and apply health information to prevent disease and promote health in daily life. This study aimed to adapt European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q47) into Turkish and to investigate its psychometric properties. The questionnaire was translated into Turkish by using both group translation and expert opinion methods. Forward translation–back translation method was used for language validity and the final Turkish version (HLS-TR) was formed. HLS-EU-Q47 and Health Awareness Scale (HAS) were administered to 505 respondents. The scale reliability was examined using Crohnbach’s alpha coefficient and the construct validity was assessed by principal axis factoring procedure. The convergent validity was obtained by Pearson correlation coefficients between HLS-TR and HAS scores and discriminant validity was examined comparing the scores of participants who were stratified according to ages, educational status, gender, general health status and social status. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the whole scale was 0.95. Principal axis factoring extracted nine factors which eigenvalues were >1 and explained 50.01% of total variance. Factor matrix displayed that all items gave greater load in factor 1, showing that health literacy measured with one factor. Positive and significant correlation was found between HLS-TR and HAS. Significant relations were found between HLS-TR scores and selected determinants of health. This study revealed that the HLS-TR was a valid and reliable measuring instrument with appropriate psychometric characteristics.
Adaptive outer synchronization and topology identification between two complex dynamical networks with time-varying delay and disturbance
Authors: Wang Liangshuang , Zhang Jianbao , Sun Weigang 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate adaptive outer synchronization for identifying unknown network topology and parameters between two coupled complex networks with time-varying delays existing in the node dynamics and coupling forms. By designing adaptive controllers and updating laws, we obtain two theorems on the appearance of outer synchronization using Lyapunov stability theory. In the numerical examples, we provide the detailed identification criteria of network topology and system parameter according to the obtained theorems and give some numerical examples to show the efficiency of the proposed controllers.
Peterson Isomorphism in K-theory and Relativistic Toda Lattice
Authors: Ikeda Takeshi , Iwao Shinsuke , Maeno Toshiaki 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe K-homology ring of the affine Grassmannian of $SL_{n}(\mathbb{C})$ was studied by Lam, Schilling, and Shimozono. It is realized as a certain concrete Hopf subring of the ring of symmetric functions. On the other hand, for the quantum K-theory of the flag variety $F\,\! l_{n}$, Kirillov and Maeno provided a conjectural presentation based on the results obtained by Givental and Lee. We construct an explicit birational morphism between the spectrums of these two rings. Our method relies on Ruijsenaars’s relativistic Toda lattice with unipotent initial condition. From this result, we obtain a K-theory analogue of the so-called Peterson isomorphism for (co)homology. We provide a conjecture on the detailed relationship between the Schubert bases, and, in particular, we determine the image of Lenart–Maeno’s quantum Grothendieck polynomial associated with a Grassmannian permutation.
Spaces of Suffering: Religious Transit in São Paulo’s Devotion to Souls
Authors: Amoruso Michael 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis article examines the devotion to souls in São Paulo—a practice that involves lighting candles for and petitioning the souls of the anonymous, suffering dead—by focusing on the particularity of place. To that end, it employs the notion of religious transit (trânsito religioso), used by Brazilian scholars to talk about religious change and movement. But whereas most literature on the subject has focused on switching affiliation, this article explores how affect shapes devotees’ religious transit through urban space. It argues that, in the context of the devotion, mutual suffering underpins a relationship of mutual aid, drawing together the living and departed at places of trauma and death.
Design and implementation of a standardized framework to generate and evaluate patient-level prediction models using observational healthcare data
Authors: Reps Jenna M , Schuemie Martijn J , Suchard Marc A , Ryan Patrick B , Rijnbeek Peter R 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Objective
To develop a conceptual prediction model framework containing standardized steps and describe the corresponding open-source software developed to consistently implement the framework across computational environments and observational healthcare databases to enable model sharing and reproducibility.

Methods
Based on existing best practices we propose a 5 step standardized framework for: (1) transparently defining the problem; (2) selecting suitable datasets; (3) constructing variables from the observational data; (4) learning the predictive model; and (5) validating the model performance. We implemented this framework as open-source software utilizing the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model to enable convenient sharing of models and reproduction of model evaluation across multiple observational datasets. The software implementation contains default covariates and classifiers but the framework enables customization and extension.

Results
As a proof-of-concept, demonstrating the transparency and ease of model dissemination using the software, we developed prediction models for 21 different outcomes within a target population of people suffering from depression across 4 observational databases. All 84 models are available in an accessible online repository to be implemented by anyone with access to an observational database in the Common Data Model format.

Conclusions
The proof-of-concept study illustrates the framework’s ability to develop reproducible models that can be readily shared and offers the potential to perform extensive external validation of models, and improve their likelihood of clinical uptake. In future work the framework will be applied to perform an “all-by-all” prediction analysis to assess the observational data prediction domain across numerous target populations, outcomes and time, and risk settings.
Pollution and city size: can cities be too small?
Authors: Borck Rainald , Tabuchi Takatoshi 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We study optimal and equilibrium sizes of cities in a city system model with pollution. Pollution is a function of population size. If pollution is local or per-capita pollution increases with population, equilibrium cities are too large under symmetry; with asymmetric cities, the largest cities are too large and the smallest too small. When pollution is global and per-capita pollution declines with city size, cities may be too small under symmetry; with asymmetric cities, the largest cities are too small and the smallest too large if the marginal damage of pollution is large enough. We calibrate the model to US cities and find that the largest cities may be undersized by 3–4%.
An E2F7-dependent transcriptional program modulates DNA damage repair and genomic stability
Authors: Mitxelena Jone , Apraiz Aintzane , Vallejo-Rodríguez Jon , García-Santisteban Iraia , Fullaondo Asier , Alvarez-Fernández Mónica , Malumbres Marcos , Zubiaga Ana M 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The cellular response to DNA damage is essential for maintaining the integrity of the genome. Recent evidence has identified E2F7 as a key player in DNA damage-dependent transcriptional regulation of cell-cycle genes. However, the contribution of E2F7 to cellular responses upon genotoxic damage is still poorly defined. Here we show that E2F7 represses the expression of genes involved in the maintenance of genomic stability, both throughout the cell cycle and upon induction of DNA lesions that interfere with replication fork progression. Knockdown of E2F7 leads to a reduction in 53BP1 and FANCD2 foci and to fewer chromosomal aberrations following treatment with agents that cause interstrand crosslink (ICL) lesions but not upon ionizing radiation. Accordingly, E2F7-depleted cells exhibit enhanced cell-cycle re-entry and clonogenic survival after exposure to ICL-inducing agents. We further report that expression and functional activity of E2F7 are p53-independent in this context. Using a cell-based assay, we show that E2F7 restricts homologous recombination through the transcriptional repression of RAD51. Finally, we present evidence that downregulation of E2F7 confers an increased resistance to chemotherapy in recombination-deficient cells. Taken together, our results reveal an E2F7-dependent transcriptional program that contributes to the regulation of DNA repair and genomic integrity.
The emerging role of immunotherapy in advanced urothelial cancers
Authors: Tabayoyong William , Gao Jianjun 
Published: March 2018

Purpose of review
Recent Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of five new immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of metastatic urothelial cancer represents the first major treatment breakthrough for this disease since the introduction of combination chemotherapy over 30 years ago. This review examines the recent clinical trials leading to FDA approval of these agents, the current challenges facing immunotherapy and areas that require further research.

Recent findings
The programmed death 1 receptor (PD-1) and its ligand programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) are important negative regulators of immune activity, preventing destruction of normal tissues and autoimmunity. Aggressive bladder cancer cells express aberrantly high levels of PD-L1, hijacking the normal immune-regulatory pathway to evade detection and destruction by the immune system. Blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis with immune checkpoint inhibitors augments the immune system's ability to eradicate bladder cancer with impressive safety and tolerability profiles.

Summary
Recent clinical trials demonstrate that patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma are responsive to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Optimal treatment regimens are still under development, but activity has been demonstrated in both the first and second-line setting for metastatic disease.
Frontalis Muscle Contraction and the Role of Visual Deprivation and Eyelid Proprioception
Authors: Beaulieu Robert , Andre Kaden , Mancini Ronald 
Published: March 2018

Purpose:
To determine if frontalis muscle contraction can be induced by manipulating visual and eyelid proprioceptive inputs through simulating visual deprivation and ptosis.

Methods:
Volunteers without prior eyelid or forehead pathologic study were recruited for this nonrandomized, prospective study. Baseline and study phase brow positions were documented. The first phase was to simulate visual deprivation and the second to simulate ptosis. The dominant eye was used for each phase. As a proxy to simulate visual field deprivation, a black contact lens was placed on the eye, which reduced vision to light perception. As a proxy to simulate ptosis, an external eyelid weight was placed on the upper eyelid. Brow position ratios were calculated at various points along the brow and statistical analysis was performed.

Results:
Fifteen subjects participated. The average brow position ratio was 1.00 ± 0.08 for the visual deprivation group, which was not different from baseline (p = 0.86). The average brow position ratio for the external eyelid weight group was 1.13 ± 0.07, which was statistically significant compared with baseline and the visual deprivation group (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Inducing visual deprivation with a black contact lens does not lead to a change in brow position. However, placing an external eyelid weight does lead brow elevation, with an average increase of 13% from baseline. This suggests a likely role for proprioceptive or sensory inputs in frontalis muscle contraction in the setting of eyelid ptosis.