bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of emergency department patient‐controlled analgesia (PCA) on the incidence of chronic pain following trauma and non‐traumatic abdominal pain
Authors: Rockett M. , Creanor S. , Squire R. , Barton A. , Benger J. , Cocking L. , Ewings P. , Eyre V. , Smith J. E. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThe effect of patient‐controlled analgesia during the emergency phase of care on the prevalence of persistent pain is unkown. We studied individuals with traumatic injuries or abdominal pain 6 months after hospital admission via the emergency department using an opportunistic observational study design. This was conducted using postal questionnaires that were sent to participants recruited to the multi‐centre pain solutions in the emergency setting study. Patients with prior chronic pain states or opioid use were not studied. Questionnaires included the EQ5D, the Brief Pain Inventory and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale. Overall, 141 out of 286 (49% 95%CI 44–56%) patients were included in this follow‐up study. Participants presenting with trauma were more likely to develop persistent pain than those presenting with abdominal pain, 45 out of 64 (70%) vs. 24 out of 77 (31%); 95%CI 24–54%, p < 0.001. There were no statistically significant associations between persistent pain and analgesic modality during hospital admission, age or sex. Across both abdominal pain and traumatic injury groups, participants with persistent pain had lower EQ5D mobility scores, worse overall health and higher anxiety and depression scores (p < 0.05). In the abdominal pain group, 13 out of 50 (26%) patients using patient‐controlled analgesia developed persistent pain vs. 11 out of 27 (41%) of those with usual treatment; 95%CI for difference (control – patient‐controlled analgesia) −8 to 39%, p = 0.183. Acute pain scores at the time of hospital admission were higher in participants who developed persistent pain; 95%CI 0.7–23.6, p = 0.039. For traumatic pain, 25 out of 35 (71%) patients given patient‐controlled analgesia developed persistent pain vs. 20 out of 29 (69%) patients with usual treatment; 95%CI −30 to 24%, p = 0.830. Persistent pain is common 6 months after hospital admission, particularly following trauma. The study findings suggest that it may be possible to reduce persistent pain (at least in patients with abdominal pain) by delivering better acute pain management. Further research is needed to confirm this hypothesis.
Risk of preterm birth, low birthweight and small‐for‐gestational‐age infants in pregnancies with adenomyosis: A cohort study of the Japan Environment and Children's Study
Authors: Yamaguchi Akiko , Kyozuka Hyo , Fujimori Keiya , Hosoya Mitsuaki , Yasumura Seiji , Yokoyama Tadahiko , Sato Akiko , Hashimoto Koichi ,   The Japan Environment and Children's Study Group
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionThis study evaluated the risk of preterm birth, low birthweight and small‐for‐gestational‐age neonates born to mothers with adenomyosis during pregnancy.Material and methodsWe used the results of a Japanese nationwide prospective birth cohort study, identifying 93 668 singleton deliveries from 2011 to 2014. We identified 314 pregnancies with adenomyosis using self‐reported questionnaires. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine whether adenomyosis was associated with adverse pregnancy outcome. Maternal age, smoking status, method of conception, history of parity, fibroids, endometriosis and body mass index before pregnancy were analyzed as confounding factors.ResultsMultiple logistic regression analysis showed that pregnancy with adenomyosis was a risk factor for preterm birth at less than 37 weeks (adjusted odds ratio [aOR: 2.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.89‐3.41), preterm birth at less than 34 weeks (aOR 1.91, 95% CI 1.02‐3.55), low birthweight <2500 g (aOR 1.83, 95% CI 1.36‐2.45), low birthweight <1500 g (aOR 2.39, 95% CI 1.20‐4.77) and small‐for‐gestational‐age neonates (aOR 1.68, 95% CI 1.13‐2.51).ConclusionsThis study found that pregnancy with adenomyosis was associated with preterm birth, low birthweight and small‐for‐gestational‐age neonates.
Effects of bifocals on visual acuity in children with Down syndrome: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: de Weger Christine , Boonstra Nienke , Goossens Jeroen 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPurposeChildren with Down syndrome (DS) typically have reduced visual acuity (VA) and accommodation lag, but it is unclear whether prescribed glasses should correct both distance VA (DVA) and near VA (NVA) due to the lack of RCTs. We therefore conducted a multicentre RCT to compare the effects of bifocals designed to correct both DVA and NVA with distance‐correcting unifocal glasses in children with DS.MethodsA total of 119 children with DS, aged 2–16, were randomly allocated for bifocal or unifocal glasses (with full correction of refraction error in cycloplegia) in 14 Dutch hospitals and followed during 1 year. VA data were analysed in relation to baseline VA with ancova.ResultsTreatment groups showed no differences at baseline. Shortly after receiving new corrections (~6 weeks), uncrowded NVA (bifocals 0.18 ± 0.33 LogMar; unifocals 0.09 ± 0.19 LogMar) and crowded NVA with bifocals (bifocals 0.13 ± 0.36 LogMar; unifocals 0.08 ± 0.33 LogMar) were significantly better than at baseline, but these short‐term improvements in NVA were not significantly different between the two treatments (p > 0.151). The 1‐year treatment differences were as follows: significantly larger improvement for bifocals compared to unifocals in both uncrowded NVA (bifocals 0.23 ± 0.29 LogMar, unifocals 0.12 ± 0.30 LogMar, p = 0.045) and crowded NVA (bifocals 0.31 ± 0.28 LogMar; unifocals 0.16 ± 0.30 LogMar, p = 0.017). Improvements in DVA were comparable (bifocals 0.07 ± 0.21 LogMar, unifocals 0.08 ± 0.22 LogMar, p = 0.565). Children with poor baseline VA improved more. Accommodation lag stayed unchanged.ConclusionAfter one year, bifocals with full correction of ametropia led to significantly larger improvement of both uncrowded NVA and crowded NVA in children with DS with accommodation lag compared to unifocals.
Effects of teaching planning strategies to first‐grade writers
Authors: Arrimada María , Torrance Mark , Fidalgo Raquel 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundTraditionally writing instruction at the start of school has focused on developing students’ ability to spell and handwrite. Teaching children explicit self‐regulatory strategies for developing content and structure for their text has proved effective for students in later grades of primary (elementary) education.AimsThe present study aims to determine whether first‐grade students benefit from learning higher‐level self‐regulating strategies for explicit planning of content and structure.SampleFive mixed‐ability Spanish first‐grade classes were randomly assigned either to an experimental condition that received strategy‐focused instruction (three classes, N = 62), or to a practice‐matched control condition (two classes, N = 39).MethodOver 10, 50‐min sessions, the intervention taught strategies for writing stories. Writing performance was assessed prior to intervention, immediately after intervention and 7 weeks post‐intervention, in terms of both text features associated with written narratives and by holistic quality ratings.ResultsStudents who received the intervention subsequently produced texts with better structure, coherence, and quality, and a larger number of features associated with narrative texts. These effects remained at follow‐up and were not present in the control condition.ConclusionOur findings indicate that teaching explicit strategies for planning text content and structure benefits young writers even when spelling and handwriting skills are not yet well established.
Classroom identification in ethnic minority and majority students: Effects of relationships and ethnic composition
Authors: Thijs Jochem , Keim Abigail C. , Geerlings Jolien 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundMany studies have shown that school belonging is crucial for students’ school adjustment, but the construct has been operationalized in different ways. Moreover, most research has focused on adolescents and not compared its antecedents for ethnic minority versus majority students.AimsBased on Goodenow and Grady's (1993) seminal paper, we examined classroom identification as a central aspect of school belonging in minority and majority preadolescents, and predicted it from relationships with peers and teachers, taking into account classroom ethnic composition and perceived multicultural teaching.SampleParticipants were 485 grade 4–6 students from 39 classrooms in Dutch primary schools. Of these children, 68 had a Turkish background, 72 had a Moroccan background, and 345 had a native Dutch background.MethodsParticipants completed questionnaires at two waves (4.5 months apart). We used self‐reports to measure classroom identification at both waves, and student–teacher relationship closeness and conflict, multicultural teaching, and peer friendship and rejection at Wave 1. We conducted multilevel analyses to predict classroom identification at Wave 2, while controlling for classroom identification at Wave 1.ResultsChildren of all ethnicities reported more classroom identification over time if they were less rejected by their peers and had more co‐ethnic classmates. For minority children, both closeness and conflict with the teacher predicted less identification, but the effect of conflict appeared to result from their ethnic underrepresentation in the classroom.ConclusionsNegative peer relationships can undermine classroom identification, and the student–teacher relationship has special significance for ethnic minority students.
Mitochondrial depolarization stimulates vascular repair‐relevant functions of CD34+ cells via reactive oxygen species‐induced nitric oxide generation
Authors: Joshi Shrinidh , Jarajapu Yagna P R 
Published: October 2018

Background and PurposeCD34+ haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells have revascularization potential and are now being tested for the treatment of ischaemic vascular diseases in clinical trials. We tested the hypothesis that mitochondrial depolarization stimulates the reparative functions of CD34+ cells.Experimental ApproachPeripheral blood was obtained from healthy individuals (n = 63), and mononuclear cells (MNCs) were separated. MNCs were enriched for lineage negative cells, followed by isolation of CD34+ cells. Vascular repair‐relevant functions of CD34+ cells, proliferation and migration, were evaluated in the presence and absence of diazoxide. Mitochondrial membrane potential, ROS and NO levels were evaluated by flow cytometry by using JC‐1, mitoSOX and DAF‐FM respectively.Key ResultsDiazoxide stimulated the proliferation and migration of CD34+ cells that were comparable to the responses induced by stromal‐derived factor‐1α (SDF) or VEGF. Effects of diazoxide were blocked by either 5‐hydroxydecanoate (5HD), a selective mitochondrial ATP‐sensitive potassium channel (mitoKATP) inhibitor, or by L‐NAME. Diazoxide induced mitochondrial depolarization, and NO and cGMP generation that were 5HD‐sensitive. The generation of NO and cGMP by diazoxide was blocked by an endothelial NOS (eNOS)‐selective inhibitor, NIO, but not by a neuronal (n)NOS‐selective inhibitor, Nω‐propyl‐L‐arginine (NPA). A Ca2+ chelator, BAPTA, Akt inhibitor, triciribine, or PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, inhibited the NO release induced by diazoxide. Phosphorylation of eNOS at Ser1177 and dephosphorylation at Thr495 were increased. Diazoxide‐induced ROS generation and phosphorylation of eNOS at Ser1177 were reduced by NPA.Conclusion and ImplicationsDiazoxide stimulates vascular repair‐relevant functions of CD34+ cells via the mitoKATP‐dependent release of NO and ROS.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Mitochondrial Pharmacology: Featured Mechanisms and Approaches for Therapy Translation. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.22/issuetoc
Self‐Reported Moral Emotions and Physical and Relational Aggression in Early Childhood: A Social Domain Approach
Authors: Jambon Marc , Smetana Judith G. 
Published: October 2018

This study examined discrepancies between 4‐ and 7‐year‐olds’ (n = 135; Mage = 5.65) self‐reported affect following hypothetical moral versus social‐conventional transgressions and their associations with teacher‐rated physical and relational aggression concurrently and 9‐months later. Negative emotion ratings in response to prototypical moral transgressions were not associated with children's aggression. When transgressions were described as no longer prohibited by rules and authority figures, children reporting more negative affect in response to moral as compared to conventional violations were less physically aggressive at Wave 1 and showed relative and mean‐level declines in physical aggression over time. Relational aggression was not associated with self‐reported emotions. Findings indicate the importance of distinguishing between types of transgressions and forms of aggression in studying moral emotions.
Incidence and correction of vision impairment among elderly population in southern urban China
Authors: Han Xiaotong , Liao Chimei , Liu Chi , Lee Pei Ying , Zhang Jian , Keel Stuart , He Mingguang 
Published: October 2018

ImportanceData on the incidence of presenting vision impairment (PVI) and spectacle coverage rate (SCR) in urban China is limited.BackgroundTo estimate the 6‐year incidence and risk factors for PVI and the SCR in urban Southern China.DesignPopulation‐based cohort study.ParticipantsA total of 1817 participants aged ≥35 years were identified from Guangzhou in 2008 at baseline and 1427 attended follow‐up examination in 2014.MethodsPresenting visual acuity (PVA) was measured using the ETDRS chart with habitual spectacles. Participants with PVA ≤20/40 underwent subjective refraction at the follow‐up visit. Incidence of PVI was calculated using the WHO and US criteria, respectively. The met‐need SCR was defined as the percentage of participants with PVA <20/40 that had been improved to ≥20/40 after correction.Main Outcome MeasuresIncidence of PVI and SCR.ResultsIncidence of PVI was 8.3% (95%CI, 6.9‐9.8) and 12.2% (95%CI, 10.5‐14.0) based on the WHO and US definition, respectively. Older age, female, lower education level, more myopic spherical equivalent and worse PVA at baseline were significantly related to a higher PVI incidence based on the WHO criteria, with similar associations identified using the US criteria except for gender. The overall met‐need SCR was 42.5%, and was lower among the elderly, more hyperopic participants or participants with lower education level.Conclusions and RelevanceThe incidence of PVI is high in urban Southern China and spectacle wearing is available in less than half of those in need. This highlights the needs to promote spectacle coverage even in the urban population.
The Molybdenum Storage Protein: A soluble ATP hydrolysis‐dependent molybdate pump
Authors: Poppe Juliane , Brünle Steffen , Hail Ron , Wiesemann Katharina , Schneider Klaus , Ermler Ulrich 
Published: October 2018

A continuous FeMo cofactor supply for nitrogenase maturation is ensured in Azotobacter vinelandii by developing a cage‐like molybdenum storage protein (MoSto) capable to store ca. 120 molybdate molecules () as discrete polyoxometalate (POM) clusters. To gain mechanistic insight into this process, MoSto was characterized by Mo and ATP/ADP content, structural, and kinetic analysis. We defined three functionally relevant states specified by the presence of both ATP/ADP and POM clusters (MoStofunct), of only ATP/ADP (MoStobasal) and of neither ATP/ADP nor POM clusters (MoStozero), respectively. POM clusters are only produced when ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and phosphate. Vmax was ca. 13 μmolphosphate·min−1·mg−1 and Km for molybdate and ATP/Mg2+ in the low micromolar range. ATP hydrolysis presumably proceeds at subunit α, inferred from a highly occupied α‐ATP/Mg2+ and a weaker occupied β‐ATP/no Mg2+‐binding site found in the MoStofunct structure. Several findings indicate that POM cluster storage is separated into a rapid ATP hydrolysis‐dependent molybdate transport across the protein cage wall and a slow molybdate assembly induced by combined auto‐catalytic and protein‐driven processes. The cage interior, the location of the POM cluster depot, is locked in all three states and thus not rapidly accessible for molybdate from the outside. Based on Vmax, the entire Mo storage process should be completed in less than 10 s but requires, according to the molybdate content analysis, ca. 15 min. Long‐time incubation of MoStobasal with nonphysiological high molybdate amounts implicates an equilibrium in and outside the cage and POM cluster self‐formation without ATP hydrolysis.DatabasesThe crystal structures MoSto in the MoSto‐F6, MoSto‐F7, MoStobasal, MoStozero, and MoSto‐F1vitro states were deposited to PDB under the accession numbers PDB 6GU5, 6GUJ, 6GWB, 6GWV, and 6GX4.
Removal capacity of different high‐flux dialyzers during postdilution online hemodiafiltration
Authors: Santos García Alba , Macías Carmona Nicolás , Vega Martínez Almudena , Abad Estébanez Soraya , Linares Grávalos Tania , Aragoncillo Sauco Inés , Verdalles Guzmán Ursula , Panizo González Nayara , Cruzado Vega Leonidas , López Gómez Juan Manuel 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The aim of this study is to compare molecule removal and albumin leakage in postdilution online hemodiafiltration with different high‐flux dialyzers.Methods: We studied seven high‐flux dialyzers (Polyflux 210H®, Evodial 2.2®, FxCordiax1000®, Elisio21H®, TS‐2.1SL®, XevontaHi20®, VitaPES 210‐HF®) in 6 patients. The reduction ratio (RR) of small‐ and middle‐sized molecules was calculated. Dialysate samples were collected to estimate the albumin leakage.Findings: Global differences between dialyzers were observed in the RR of ß2 microglobulin (P =0.003) and prolactin (P =0.013). The mean loss of albumin in the dialysate per session varied between 114 ± 67 mg (with Evodial 2.2) and 2621 ± 1363 mg per session (with XevontaHi20). We found global differences between dialyzers in total albumin loss (P = 0.05).Discussion: We demonstrated that the performance of high‐flux dialyzers was different among the types and that not all high‐flux dialyzers should be considered equal.
Safety Problems With a Transdermal Patch for Migraine: Lessons From the Development, Approval, and Marketing Process
Authors: Loder Elizabeth W. , Rayhill Melissa , Burch Rebecca C. 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveWe sought to analyze publicly available information about patient harm associated with an iontophoretic sumatriptan patch, to identify what went wrong and to suggest ways in which similar problems might be prevented in the future.BackgroundThe Zecuity® sumatriptan iontophoretic transdermal system was marketed for acute treatment of migraine. The patch was withdrawn less than 10 months after its introduction because of multiple reports of scarring and burning. As of 2018, the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System public dashboard lists a total of 2889 reports of safety problems with the patch, 904 of which were classified as serious.MethodsFor this narrative review, we examined US Food and Drug Administration documents related to the new drug application for this product and its approval. We searched Clinicaltrials.gov, PubMed, Google, Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram public posts for relevant information relating to the patch, its approval, marketing, and complications.ResultsThe FDA knew about problems with burns and scarring prior to approval of the product, and turned down the initial new drug application for this reason and because of other quality problems with the patch. The reapplication was approved despite continued concerns of several FDA reviewers about safety. The approval required the manufacturer to comply with enhanced postmarketing safety reporting. However, product information and labeling did not mention the possibility of burns or scarring. Approval was based on 1 clinical trial and 2 open label studies in which reporting of adverse events was suboptimal. The clinical trials had been prospectively registered but outcomes had been changed around the time the trial concluded. Aggressive marketing efforts and social media activity may have contributed to inaccurate perceptions of safety and efficacy, but social media also provided a written and photographic record of burns and other harm suffered by patients who used the patch.ConclusionsOur review identified several problems with the development, testing, approval, and marketing of the Zecuity patch. To improve the process of developing headache treatments, it is important to consider the lessons that can be drawn from an examination of this high‐profile failure of the drug development and regulatory system.
Adverse family life events during pregnancy and ADHD symptoms in five‐year‐old offspring
Authors: Rosenqvist Mina A. , Sjölander Arvid , Ystrom Eivind , Larsson Henrik , Reichborn‐Kjennerud Ted 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundPrenatal exposure to maternal adverse life events has been associated with offspring ADHD, but the role of familial confounding is unclear. We aimed to clarify if adverse life events during pregnancy are related to ADHD symptoms in offspring, taking shared familial factors into account.MethodData were collected on 34,751 children (including 6,427 siblings) participating in the population‐based Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. During pregnancy, mothers reported whether they had experienced specific life events. We assessed ADHD symptoms in five‐year‐old children with the Conners’ Parent Rating Scale–Revised: short form. We modeled the associations between life events and mean ADHD scores with ordinary linear regression in the full cohort, and with fixed‐effect linear regression in sibling comparisons to adjust for familial confounding.ResultsChildren exposed to adverse life events had higher ADHD scores at age 5, with the strongest effect observed for financial problems (mean differences 0.10 [95% CI: 0.09, 0.11] in adjusted model), and the weakest for having lost someone close (0.02 [95% CI 0.01, 0.04] in adjusted model). Comparing exposure‐discordant siblings resulted in attenuated estimates that were no longer statistically significant (e.g. mean difference for financial problems −0.03 [95% CI −0.07, 0.02]). ADHD scores increased if the mother had experienced the event as painful or difficult, and with the number of events, whereas sibling‐comparison analyses resulted in estimates attenuated toward the null.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the association between adverse life events during pregnancy and offspring ADHD symptoms is largely explained by familial factors.