bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Life Represents a Vulnerable Time Window for IL-33–Induced Peripheral Lung Pathology
Authors: Drake Li Y. , Squillace Diane , Iijima Koji , Kobayashi Takao , Uchida Masaru , Kephart Gail M. , Britt Rodney , O'Brien Daniel R. , Kita Hirohito 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
IL-33, an IL-1 family cytokine, is constitutively expressed in mucosal tissues and other organs in healthy humans and animals, and expression levels increase in inflammatory conditions. Although IL-33–mediated promotion of type 2 immune responses has been well established, a gap in our knowledge regarding the functional diversity of this pleiotropic cytokine remains. To address this gap, we developed a new IL-33 transgenic mouse model in which overexpression of full-length IL-33 is induced in lung epithelial cells under conditional control. In adult mice, an ∼3-fold increase in the steady-state IL-33 levels produced no pathologic effects in the lungs. When exposed to airborne allergens, adult transgenic mice released more IL-33 extracellularly and exhibited robust type 2 immune responses. In neonatal transgenic mice, up to postnatal day 14, a similar increase in steady-state IL-33 levels resulted in increased mortality, enlarged alveolar spaces resembling bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and altered expression of genes associated with tissue morphogenesis. Processed 25-kDa IL-33 protein was detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids without any exogenous stimuli, and pathologic changes were abolished in mice deficient in the IL-33 receptor ST2. These findings suggest that adult lungs are relatively resistant to IL-33 overexpression unless they encounter environmental insults, whereas developing lungs are highly susceptible, with IL-33 overexpression resulting in detrimental and pathologic outcomes.
Stability versions of Erdős–Ko–Rado type theorems via isoperimetry
Authors: Ellis David , Keller Nathan , Lifshitz Noam 
Published: August 2019

Erdős–Ko–Rado (EKR) type theorems yield upper bounds on the sizes of families of sets, subject to various intersection requirements on the sets in the family. Stability versions of such theorems assert that if the size of a family is close to the maximum possible size, then the family itself must be close (in some appropriate sense) to a maximum-sized family.
In this paper, we present an approach to obtaining stability versions of EKR-type theorems, via isoperimetric inequalities for subsets of the hypercube. Our approach is rather general, and allows the leveraging of a wide variety of exact EKR-type results into strong stability versions of these results, without going into the proofs of the original results.

We use this approach to obtain tight stability versions of the EKR theorem itself and of the Ahlswede–Khachatrian theorem on

t

-intersecting families of

k

-element subsets of

\{1,\dots,n\}

(for

k < n/(t+1)

), and to show that, somewhat surprisingly, all these results hold when the ‘intersection’ requirement is replaced by a much weaker requirement.

Other examples include stability versions of Frankl’s recent result on the Erdős matching conjecture, the Ellis–Filmus–Friedgut proof of the Simonovits–Sós conjecture, and various EKR-type results on

r

-wise (cross-)

t

-intersecting families.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Williams Richard 
Published: August 2019

Journal of Agricultural Studies (JAS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JAS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 7, Number 3Abhishek A. Cukkemane, Bijasu Agri Research Laboratory LLP, IndiaAngel Ramon Sanchez Delgado, Universidade federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BrazilAnil Kumar Matta, KLEF, IndiaBabak Mohammadi, University of Tehran, IranBoumahdi Merad Zoubeida, University Blida, AlgeriaChenlin Hu, The Ohio State University, USAEben von Well, Agricultural Research Council, South AfricaEliana Mariela Werbin, National University of Cordoba, ArgentinianErnest Baafi, CSIR-Crops Research Institute, GhanaFabrício Oliveira Fernandes, State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho - FCAV, BrazilPramod Kumar Mishra, University of Hyderabad, IndiaServet Aras, Bozok University, TurkeyShaibu Baanni Azumah, University for Development Studies, GhanaShubha Kumari, ICAR-RCER, IndiaSomaia Alkhair, Alzaeim Alazhari University, SudanSoto Caro Ariel Reinaldo, Universidad de Concepción, ChileToncho Gospodinov Penev, Trakia University, BulgariaZakaria Fouad Abdallah, National Research Centre, EgyptZhao Chen, Clemson University, USAZsolt Domozi, Obuda University, Hungary Richard WilliamsEditorial AssistantJournal of Agricultural Studies--------------------------------------Macrothink Institute5348 Vegas Dr.#825Las Vegas, Nevada 89108United StatesPhone: 1-702-953-1852 ext.521Fax: 1-702-420-2900Email: jas@macrothink.orgURL: http://jas.macrothink.org
Consecuencias culturales y políticas para los movimientos migratorios: estereotipos y prejuicios entre México y Centroamérica
Authors: Rodrigues Lopes Mariana 
Published: August 2019

En este trabajo se analizan los estereotipos y prejuicios presentes en las relaciones políticas y culturales entre México y Centroamérica y su impacto en el contexto de las migraciones centroamericanas hacia los Estados Unidos, a partir de la novela Amarás a Dios sobre todas las cosas (2013), del escritor mexicano Alejandro Hernández. Esta reflexión forma parte de una discusión más amplia que estamos desarrollando en nuestra tesis doctoral sobre las migraciones centroamericanas hacia los Estados Unidos y sus representaciones en la literatura centroamericana contemporánea. Estas relaciones se remontan al período precolombino, cuando casi toda la región conocido hoy día como Centroamérica y buena de parte del territorio mexicano, conformaban el territorio conocido como Mesoamérica. A partir de ese momento, dichas relaciones han tomado rumbos distintos, y se han convertido en una relación de amor y odio que se refleja, de manera muy acuciante, en el tratamiento a los migrantes centroamericanos en su tránsito por México, sobre todo en los últimos años. La novela reelabora estas relaciones mostrando su impacto en la vida cotidiana de los migrantes centroamericanos en su paso por México. Nuestro objetivo es mostrar que dichas relaciones van más allá del imaginario que tienen los mexicanos respecto a los centroamericanos y viceversa.
Understanding the impact of a major earthquake on Wellington lifelines
Authors: Mowll R.L. , Brunsdon D.R. , Wilde F. , Leslie P.D. 
Published: August 2019

Understanding seismic hazard and the potential impacts of an earthquake on a population allows better planning of response and recovery. It also allows a better understanding of how to mitigate against the effects of earthquakes.
The Wellington Lifelines Group (WeLG) and the various Wellington lifeline utility organisations over the past five years have synthesised information on the consequences of a major earthquake, drawing upon hazard information (including from the GNS Science-led ‘It’s Our Fault’ studies), learning from civil defence emergency management exercises and from overseas earthquakes, and specialist studies commissioned by individual utilities. During 2012, WeLG facilitated specific discussions in order to summarise the time taken to restore water, transport, power (electricity) and telecommunications services following a rupture of the Wellington Fault, and therefore the effects on the population.
The outcome of this work was an indication of substantial post-earthquake restoration times, agreed across and within key utility sectors. The time-scales for restoration of lifelines in a major earthquake are in the tens of days for power and water, and some key roads would not be recovered for up to 120 days. Telecommunications systems, particularly cell phone sites, would be recovered earlier, but are critically dependent upon access and fuel supplies for the refuelling of emergency generators.
Given the significance of these likely restoration times for the community, it was decided to publically release the information, with buy-in from all of the lifeline utility organisations involved. The resulting report was released, with appropriate messaging, via the Wellington CDEM Group to the media in mid-November 2012.
This paper provides a summary of the likely restoration times, background to their derivation, and the initial reactions to the release of the information.
Wellington Central Police Station base isolation maintenance
Authors: Smart C. R. 
Published: August 2019

Wellington Central Police Station was built in the late 1980s. Its 10-storey tower block featured robust X-bracing around the perimeter and strong floor diaphragms to distribute earthquake actions amongst the perimeter frames, thus making it extremely stiff. To provide the ductility required by the 1984 Loadings Standard, the tower block was supported on a base isolation system that allowed up to 400 millimetres of movement in any horizontal direction.
This paper describes investigations into the continuing serviceability of the base isolation parts, and the remedial maintenance required.
The Validation of Neogen Reveal® Q+ for DON
Authors: Gray R Lucas , Kostin Alex , Anderson Gabrielle , Roman Brooke , Klein Frank , Donofrio Robert , Goto Tetsuhito , Trucksess Mary , Ziemer Wayne 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: Reveal® Q+ for DON is an immunochromatographic test for quantitative determination of deoxynivalenol (DON) in grains. Objective: A study was conducted to validate performance of this method for determination of DON in naturally contaminated corn and wheat and in DON-spiked corn/soy blend, soybeans, barley, malted barley, buckwheat, brown rice, sorghum, and distillers dried grain. Methods: In addition to matrix testing, LOD, linearity, selectivity, robustness, and stability/lot-to-lot consistency testing were performed. Results: The LOD was determined to be 0.014 ppm in corn and 0.037 ppm in wheat, and the LOQ 0.042 ppm in corn and 0.11 ppm in wheat. Recovery ranged from 90 to 104% across a range of reference values of 0.5 to 34.5 ppm. Linearity calculation comparing test results with reference values produced R2 values of 0.999 in both matrixes. Internal results with corn and wheat were corroborated in independent laboratory testing. For DON-spiked commodities, mean recovery across a range of DON concentration from 0.5 to 30 ppm ranged from 90 to 109%. Results of selectivity testing showed no cross-reactivity with other mycotoxins and no interference in detection of DON. Reagent lot-to-lot consistency and stability studies showed consistent results across a range of DON levels and established expiration dating for the test of 18 months after manufacture when stored under specified conditions. Conclusions and Highlights: The Reveal Q+ for DON test offers reliable performance as well as the advantages of aqueous sample extraction, procedural simplicity, minimal labor and equipment requirements, and rapid results. Conclusions: The Reveal Q+ for DON test is validated as a Performace Tested Method in Corn, Wheat, and a variety of other grains. Highlights: The test provides rapid results from a simple aqueous extraction and requires minimal labor and equipment.
Uniqueness of norm-preserving extensions of functionals on the space of compact operators
Authors: Martsinkevitš Julia , Põldvere Märt 
Published: August 2019

Godefroy, Kalton, and Saphar called a closed subspace $Y$ of a Banach space $Z$ an ideal if its annihilator $Y^\bot $ is the kernel of a norm-one projection $P$ on the dual space $Z^\ast $. If $Y$ is an ideal in $Z$ with respect to a projection on $Z^\ast $ whose range is norming for $Z$, then $Y$ is said to be a strict ideal. We study uniqueness of norm-preserving extensions of functionals on the space $\mathcal{K}(X,Y) $ of compact operators between Banach spaces $X$ and $Y$ to the larger space $\mathcal{K}(X,Z) $ under the assumption that $Y$ is a strict ideal in $Z$. Our main results are: (1) if $y^\ast $ is an extreme point of $B_{Y^{\ast} }$ having a unique norm-preserving extension to $Z$, and $x^{\ast\ast} \in B_{X^{\ast\ast} }$, then the only norm-preserving extension of the functional $x^{\ast\ast} \otimes y^\ast \in \mathcal {K}(X,Y)^\ast $ to $\mathcal {K}(X,Z)$ is $x^{\ast\ast} \otimes z^\ast $ where $z^\ast \in Z^\ast $ is the only norm-preserving extension of $y^\ast $ to $Z$; (2) if $\mathcal{K}(X,Y) $ is an ideal in $\mathcal{K}(X,Z) $ and $Y$ has Phelps' property $U$ in its bidual $Y^{\ast\ast} $ (i.e., every bounded linear functional on $Y$ admits a unique norm-preserving extension to $Y^{\ast\ast} $), then $\mathcal{K}(X,Y) $ has property $U$ in $\mathcal{K}(X,Z) $ whenever $X^{\ast\ast} $ has the Radon-Nikodým property.
Post-fledging habitat use in a declining songbird
Authors: Delancey Clayton D. , Islam Kamal 
Published: August 2019

Background
Fledglings of many mature forest-dependent Neotropical songbirds move from mature forest habitats into areas of thick vegetation such as regenerating clearcuts. The Cerulean Warbler (Setophaga cerulea), a Neotropical migratory songbird, is a species of conservation concern across its range and it is listed as endangered in Indiana. This species has declined faster than any other species of wood-warbler in North America. Most prior research on Cerulean Warblers has examined the breeding biology, but there are no data on habitat use by fledgling Cerulean Warblers. Our research aimed to determine where fledgling Cerulean Warblers dispersed after they left their nest, but before they migrated to their wintering grounds.

Methods
Since 2007, Cerulean Warbler breeding populations have been monitored in Yellowwood and Morgan–Monroe state forests in southern Indiana as part of a 100-year study called the Hardwood Ecosystem Experiment. To identify habitats used by fledgling Cerulean Warblers, we captured by hand or mist-nets, adult and juvenile Cerulean Warblers once young had fledged from a nest. We attached radio-transmitters to individuals and tracked each bird daily using radio-telemetry. Radio-telemetry data were collected from May to July 2015–2017, and microhabitat data on fledgling locations and random locations were collected during the same years in the month of July.

Results
Fledgling presence, when compared to random non-use sites, was positively correlated to presence of grapevines, greater vertical vegetation density, and greater ground and canopy cover. Fledgling presence was negatively correlated with white oak abundance, aspect, basal area, and the abundance of mature trees that Cerulean Warbler adults use for nesting.

Conclusions
Our study is the first to demonstrate that Cerulean Warbler fledglings occupy habitats that are characterized by specific habitat components. Fledgling sites were located in areas with high vegetation density, such as clusters of grapevine, which provided cover from predators. Identifying Cerulean Warbler habitats throughout the breeding season can better inform natural resource personnel on how to manage forests to meet the habitat needs of this rapidly declining migratory songbird.
The adipokinetic hormones and their cognate receptor from the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria: solution structure of endogenous peptides and models of their binding to the receptor
Authors: Jackson Graham E. , Pavadai Elumalai , Gäde Gerd , Andersen Niels H. 
Published: August 2019

Background
Neuropeptides exert their activity through binding to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). GPCRs are well-known drug targets in the pharmaceutical industry and are currently discussed as targets to control pest insects. Here, we investigate the neuropeptide adipokinetic hormone (AKH) system of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria. The desert locust is known for its high reproduction, and for forming devastating swarms consisting of billions of individual insects. It is also known that S. gregaria produces three different AKHs as ligands but has only one AKH receptor (AKHR). The AKH system is known to be essential for metabolic regulation, which is necessary for reproduction and flight activity.

Methods
Nuclear magnetic resonance techniques (NMR) in a dodecylphosphocholin (DPC) micelle solution were used to determine the structure of the three AKHs. The primary sequence of the S. gregaria AKHR was used to construct a 3D molecular model. Next, the three AKHs were individually docked to the receptor, and dynamic simulation of the whole ligand–receptor complex in a model membrane was performed.

Results
Although the three endogenous AKHs of S. gregaria have quite different amino acids sequences and chain length (two octa- and one decapeptide), NMR experiments assigned a turn structure in DPC micelle solution for all. The GPCR-ModSim program identified human kappa opioid receptor to be the best template after which the S. gregaria AKHR was modeled. All three AKHs were found to have the same binding site on this receptor, interact with similar residues of the receptor and have comparable binding constants. Molecular switches were also identified; the movement of the receptor could be visually shown when ligands (AKHs) were docked and the receptor was activated.

Conclusions
The study proposes a model of binding of the three endogenous ligands to the one existing AKHR in the desert locust and paves the way to use such a model for the design of peptide analogs and finally, peptide mimetics, in the search for novel species-specific insecticides based on receptor–ligand interaction.
Two salamander species respond differently to timber harvests in a managed New England forest
Authors: Mossman Angus , Lambert Max R. , Ashton Mark S. , Wikle Jessica , Duguid Marlyse C. 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundManaging forests for timber while protecting wildlife habitat is of increasing concern. Amphibians may be particularly sensitive to forest management practices due to their unique biology; however, it is not clear how different species respond to timber harvest practices—particularly over longer time scales.MethodsHere we report on the differential responses of two salamander species—the eastern red-backed salamander (Plethodon cinereusGreen) and the eastern newt (Notophthalmus viridescensRafinesque)—to forest harvesting, by examining communities across a 25-year chronosequence of regenerating shelterwood harvests.ResultsPopulations of both species were lowest immediately after harvest, but increased at substantially different rates. Red-backed salamander populations were highest in 20–25 year-old shelterwoods—significantly higher than in mature, unharvested, control (100–120 year old) stands. Eastern newt populations, however, were greatest in unharvested control stands and still had not recovered to population levels found in mature stands in the 25 years since harvest. Red-backed salamander abundances were strongly tied to stand age as well as abundance of decayed coarse woody debris, suggesting that timber harvests influence some wildlife species by affecting a suite of interacting habitat variables that change over time. In contrast, newt abundances were not directly related to stand age but were more related to downed wood and vegetation characteristics. Our results highlight markedly variable responses by two common salamander species to forest harvesting—species with markedly different life histories and reproductive patterns—and that time since harvest may be useful in predicting abundance.
Effects of Organic and Inorganic Fertilzer on the Early Growth Response of Afzelia africana
Authors: Aderounmu Adeboyin Funmi 
Published: August 2019

An experiment was conducted in the nursery of Department of Forestry Technology at the Federal College of Forestry Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria to determine the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on early growth response of Afzelia africana. Seedlings were collected from Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan, Oyo State and were transplanted into 2kg perforated polythene pots. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with five treatments replicated three times. The treatments were: 20 t ha-1 water hyacinth compost (T1), 20 t ha-1 water hyacinth + poultry manure compost (T2), 20 t ha-1 poultry manure (T3) and 50 kg ha-1 NPK 20:10:10 (T4) and T5 - control (no fertilizer application). The compost was applied two (2) weeks before planting, while NPK 20:10:10 was applied two 2 weeks after planting. The experiment was monitored for eight (8) weeks after transplanting (WAT), while growth parameters were measured. The results of the study showed that application of fertilizers gave significant (p=0.05) increase in plant height (cm), stem diameter (mm), leaf production, and leaf area (cm2) of A. africana. Plant height ranged from 41.43 cm in the control to 47.96 cm in the pots where 20t ha-1 water hyacinth compost was applied. Stem diameter also increased across treatments, while leaf production ranged from 9 in the control treatment to 14 in the pots with 20t ha-1 poultry manure. These results suggested that the incorporation of organic and inorganic fertilizers increased productivity of A. africana. However, application of 20 t ha-1 water hyacinth compost is recommended because it is available, affordable and environmentally friendly for the production of A. africana especially in the study area.
Phytochemical Screening and Comparative Antioxidant Activities of Fractions Isolated from Sonneratia caseolaris (Linn.) Bark Extracts
Authors: Munira Mst. Shirajum , Islam Md. Afubbul , Islam Md. Shariful , Koly Sabiha Ferdowsy , Nesa Mst. Luthfun , Muhit Md. Abdul 
Published: August 2019

Aims: Our study was carried out to appraise the phytochemical screening and antioxidant potentials of Sonneratia caseolaris (Linn.) bark extracts.
Study Design: For the purpose of this experiment the extracts were subjected for an in-vitro study.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in August 2014 in the Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Methodology: The various fractions of Sonneratia caseolaris (Linn.) barks as Ethanolic (ETF), ethyl acetate (EAF), chloroform(CLF) and pet ether (PTF) fractions-were obtained after extraction were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening. The antioxidant capacity of these fractions were evaluated using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay .Total antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of ETF, EAF, CLF and PTF extracts of S. caseolaris were determined.
Results: The phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavonoid, steroid, tannin compounds in large amounts. In DPPH scavenging assay among the extracts, ethanolic fractions exhibited the highest radical scavenging activity with IC50 of 4.57 μg /ml .The highest phenolic content was found in EAF extracts (63.00 mg of GAE / g. of dried extract) followed by CLF (36.25 mg of GAE / g. of dried extract) and PTF (26.28 mg of GAE /g. of dried extract). The highest total antioxidant activity was also found in ETF fraction (185 GAE/g of dried sample followed by EAF fraction (99.00GAE/g of dried sample), PTF (84.00 GAE/g of dried sample) and Chloroform (49.00 GAE/g of dried sample).
Conclusion: Our result demonstrates that all the extractives of S. caseolaris have appreciable antioxidant activities. But, further study is necessary to isolate the active compounds.