bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced hypertension care through private clinics in Pakistan: a cluster randomised trial
Authors: Khan Muhammad Amir , Khan Nida , Walley John D , Khan Shaheer Ellahi , Hicks Joseph , Sheikh Faisal Imtiaz , Khan Muhammad Ahmar , Ali Muhammad , Ahmed Maqsood , Khan Haroon Jehangir , Zachariah Rony 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundHypertension in Pakistan affects 33% of people aged ≥45 years, and in urban areas around 70% of basic health care occurs in private facilities.AimTo assess whether enhanced care at urban private clinics resulted in better control of hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, and treatment adherence.Design & settingA two-arm cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted at 26 private clinics (in three districts of Punjab) between January 2015–September 2016. Both arms had enhanced screening and diagnosis of hypertension and related conditions, and patient recording processes. Intervention facilities also had a clinical care guide, additional drugs for hypertension, a patient lifestyle education flipchart, associated training, and mobile phone follow-up.MethodClinics were randomised in a 1:1 ratio (sealed envelope lottery method). A total of 574 intervention and 564 control patients in 13 clusters in each arm were recruited (male and female, aged ≥25 years, systolic blood pressure [SBP] >140 mmHg, and/or diastolic blood pressure [DBP] >90 mmHg). The primary outcome was change in SBP from baseline to 9-month follow-up.Staff and patients were not blinded, but outcome assessors were blinded.ResultsNine-month primary outcomes were available for 522/574 (90.9%) intervention and 484/564 (85.8%) control participants (all clusters). The unadjusted cluster-level analysis results were as follows: mean intervention outcome was -25.2 mmHg (95% confidence intervals [CI] = -29.9 to-20.6); mean control outcome was -9.4 mmHg (95% CI = 21.2 to 2.2); and mean control–intervention difference was 15.8 (95% CI = 3.6 to 28.0; P = 0.01).ConclusionThe findings and separate process evaluation support the scaling of an integrated CVD–hypertension care intervention in urban private clinics in areas lacking public primary care in Pakistan.
Radii of 88 M Subdwarfs and Updated Radius Relations for Low-metallicity M-dwarf Stars
Authors: Kesseli Aurora Y. , Davy Kirkpatrick J. , Fajardo-Acosta Sergio B. , Penny Matthew T. , Scott Gaudi B. , Veyette Mark , Boeshaar Patricia C. , Henderson Calen B. , Cushing Michael C. , Calchi-Novati Sebastiano , Shvartzvald Y. , Muirhead Philip S. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
M subdwarfs are low-metallicity M dwarfs that typically inhabit the halo population of the Galaxy. Metallicity controls the opacity of stellar atmospheres; in metal-poor stars, hydrostatic equilibrium is reached at a smaller radius, leading to smaller radii for a given effective temperature. We compile a sample of 88 stars that span spectral classes K7 to M6 and include stars with metallicity classes from solar-metallicity dwarf stars to the lowest metallicity ultra subdwarfs to test how metallicity changes the stellar radius. We fit models to Palomar Double Spectrograph (DBSP) optical spectra to derive effective temperatures (T
eff) and we measure bolometric luminosities (L
bol) by combining broad wavelength-coverage photometry with Gaia parallaxes. Radii are then computed by combining the T
eff and L
bol using the Stefan–Boltzman law. We find that for a given temperature, ultra subdwarfs can be as much as five times smaller than their solar-metallicity counterparts. We present color-radius and color-surface brightness relations that extend down to [Fe/H] of −2.0 dex, in order to aid the radius determination of M subdwarfs, which will be especially important for the WFIRST exoplanetary microlensing survey.
X-Ray Properties of SPT-selected Galaxy Clusters at 0.2 < z < 1.5 Observed with XMM-Newton
Authors: Bulbul Esra , Chiu I-Non , Mohr Joseph J. , McDonald Michael , Benson Bradford , Bautz Mark W. , Bayliss Matthew , Bleem Lindsey , Brodwin Mark , Bocquet Sebastian , Capasso Raffaella , Dietrich Jörg P. , Forman Bill , Hlavacek-Larrondo Julie , Holzapfel W. L. , Khullar Gourav , Klein Matthias , Kraft Ralph , Miller Eric D. , Reichardt Christian , Saro Alex , Sharon Keren , Stalder Brian , Schrabback Tim , Stanford Adam 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We present measurements of the X-ray observables of the intracluster medium (ICM), including luminosity L

X
, ICM mass M
ICM, emission-weighted mean temperature T

X
, and integrated pressure Y

X
, that are derived from XMM-Newton X-ray observations of a Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect (SZE) selected sample of 59 galaxy clusters from the South Pole Telescope SPT-SZ survey that span the redshift range 0.20 < z < 1.5. We constrain the best-fit power-law scaling relations between X-ray observables, redshift, and halo mass. The halo masses are estimated based on previously published SZE observable-to-mass scaling relations, calibrated using information that includes the halo mass function. Employing SZE-based masses in this sample enables us to constrain these scaling relations for massive galaxy clusters (M
500 ≥ 3 × 1014
M
⊙) to the highest redshifts where these clusters exist without concern for X-ray selection biases. We find that the mass trends are steeper than self-similarity in all cases, and with ≥2.5σ significance in the case of L

X
and M
ICM. The redshift trends are consistent with the self-similar expectation, but the uncertainties remain large. Core-included scaling relations tend to have steeper mass trends for L

X
. There is no convincing evidence for a redshift-dependent mass trend in any observable. The constraints on the amplitudes of the fitted scaling relations are currently limited by the systematic uncertainties on the SZE-based halo masses, but the redshift and mass trends are limited by the X-ray sample size and the measurement uncertainties of the X-ray observables.
Molecular and Ionized Gas Phases of an AGN-driven Outflow in a Typical Massive Galaxy at z ≈ 2
Authors: Herrera-Camus R. , Tacconi L. , Genzel R. , Förster Schreiber N. , Lutz D. , Bolatto A. , Wuyts S. , Renzini A. , Lilly S. , Belli S. , Übler H. , Shimizu T. , Davies R. , Sturm E. , Combes F. , Freundlich J. , García-Burillo S. , Cox P. , Burkert A. , Naab T. , Colina L. , Saintonge A. , Cooper M. , Feruglio C. , Weiss A. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Nuclear outflows driven by accreting massive black holes are one of the main feedback mechanisms invoked at high-z to reproduce the distinct separation between star-forming disk galaxies and quiescent spheroidal systems. Yet our knowledge of feedback at high-z remains limited by the lack of observations of the multiple gas phases in galaxy outflows. In this work, we use new deep, high spatial resolution ALMA CO(3–2) and archival Very Large Telescope/SINFONI Hα observations to study the molecular and ionized components of the active galactic nucleus (AGN)–driven outflow in zC400528, a massive main-sequence galaxy at z = 2.3 in the process of quenching. We detect a powerful molecular outflow that shows a positive velocity gradient before a turnover and extends for at least ∼10 kpc from the nuclear region, about three times the projected size of the ionized wind. The molecular gas in the outflow does not reach velocities high enough to escape the galaxy and is therefore expected to be reaccreted. Keeping in mind the various assumptions involved in the analysis, we find that the mass and energetics of the outflow are dominated by the molecular phase. The AGN-driven outflow in zC400528 is powerful enough to deplete the molecular gas reservoir on a timescale comparable to that needed to exhaust it by star formation. This suggests that the nuclear outflow is one of the main quenching engines at work in the observed suppression of the central star formation activity in zC400528.
Skynet Algorithm for Single-dish Radio Mapping. I. Contaminant-cleaning, Mapping, and Photometering Small-scale Structures
Authors: Martin J. R. , Reichart D. E. , Dutton D. A. , Maples M. P. , Berger T. A. , Ghigo F. D. , Haislip J. B. , Shaban O. H. , Trotter A. S. , Barnes L. M. , Paggen M. L. , Gao R. L. , Salemi C. P. , Langston G. I. , Bussa S. , Duncan J. A. , White S. , Heatherly S. A. , Karlik J. B. , Johnson E. M. , Reichart J. E. , Foster A. C. , Kouprianov V. V. , Mazlin S. , Harvey J. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We present a single-dish mapping algorithm with a number of advantages over traditional techniques. (1) Our algorithm makes use of weighted modeling, instead of weighted averaging, to interpolate between signal measurements. This smooths the data, but without blurring the data beyond instrumental resolution. Techniques that rely on weighted averaging blur point sources sometimes by as much as 40%. (2) Our algorithm makes use of local, instead of global, modeling to separate astronomical signal from instrumental and/or environmental signal drift along the telescope’s scans. Other techniques, such as basket weaving, model this drift with simple functional forms (linear, quadratic, etc.) across the entirety of scans, limiting their ability to remove such contaminants. (3) Our algorithm makes use of a similar, local modeling technique to separate astronomical signal from radio-frequency interference (RFI), even if only continuum data are available. (4) Unlike other techniques, our algorithm does not require data to be collected on a rectangular grid or regridded before processing. (5) Data from any number of observations, overlapping or not, may be appended and processed together. (6) Any pixel density may be selected for the final image. We present our algorithm and evaluate it using both simulated and real data. We are integrating it into the image-processing library of the Skynet Robotic Telescope Network, which includes optical telescopes spanning four continents, and now also Green Bank Observatory’s 20 m diameter radio telescope in West Virginia. Skynet serves hundreds of professional users, and additionally tens of thousands of students, of all ages. Default data products are generated on the fly, but will soon be customizable after the fact.
The Ultraviolet Detection of Diffuse Gas in Galaxy Groups
Authors: Stocke John T. , Keeney Brian A. , Danforth Charles W. , Oppenheimer Benjamin D. , Pratt Cameron T. , Berlind Andreas A. , Impey Chris , Jannuzi Buell 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
A small survey of the UV-absorbing gas in 12 low-z galaxy groups has been conducted using the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph on board the Hubble Space Telescope. Targets were selected from a large, homogeneously selected sample of groups found in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. A critical selection criterion excluded sight lines that pass close (<1.5 virial radii) to a group galaxy, to ensure absorber association with the group as a whole. Deeper galaxy redshift observations are used both to search for closer galaxies and also to characterize these 1013.5–1014.5
M
⊙ groups, the most massive of which are highly virialized with numerous early-type galaxies (ETGs). This sample also includes two spiral-rich groups, not yet fully virialized. At group-centric impact parameters of 0.3–2 Mpc, these signal-to-noise ratios = 15–30 spectra detected H i absorption in 7 of 12 groups; high (O vi) and low (Si iii) ion metal lines are present in two-thirds of the absorption components. None of the three most highly virialized, ETG-dominated groups are detected in absorption. Covering fractions ≳50% are seen at all impact parameters probed, but do not require large filling factors despite an enormous extent. Unlike halo clouds in individual galaxies, group absorbers have radial velocities that are too low to escape the group potential well without doubt. This suggests that these groups are “closed boxes” for galactic evolution in the current epoch. Evidence is presented that the cool and warm group absorbers are not a pervasive intra-group medium (IGrM), requiring a hotter (T ∼ 106–107 K) IGrM to be present to close the baryon accounting.
A Comparison between Magnetic Field Directions Inferred from Planck and Starlight Polarimetry toward Gould Belt Clouds
Authors: Gu Qilao. , Li Hua-b. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We compare the magnetic field (B-field) orientations inferred from Planck 353 GHz thermal dust polarization and starlight polarimetry data and study the cloud-field alignment based on these two tracers within Gould Belt clouds, which show good agreement with each other. Furthermore, we analyze two fundamentally different alignment studies—global (cloud scale, ∼10–100 pc) cloud-field alignment, which compares mean fields and global cloud orientations, and local (pixel size scale, ∼0.1–1 pc) structure-field alignment, which compares this relation pixel by pixel—and find the connection between them.
The Role of Cloud-MANET Framework in the Internet of Things (IoT)
Authors: Alam Tanweer , Benaida Mohamed 
Published: January 2019

In the next generation of computing, Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) will play a very important role in the Internet of Things (IoT). The MANET is a kind of wireless networks that are self-organizing and auto connected in a decentralized system. Every device in MANET can be moved freely from one location to another in any direction. They can create a network with their neighbors’ smart devices and forward data to another device. The IoT-Cloud-MANET framework of smart devices is composed of IoT, cloud computing, and MANET. This framework can access and deliver cloud services to the MANET users through their smart devices in the IoT framework where all computations, data handling, and resource management are performed. The smart devices can move from one location to another within the range of the MANET network. Various MANETs can connect to the same cloud, they can use cloud service in a real time. For connecting the smart device of MANET to cloud needs integration with mobile apps. My main contribution in this research links a new methodology for providing secure communication on the internet of smart devices using MANET Concept in 5G. The research methodology uses the correct and efficient simulation of the desired study and can be implemented in a framework of the Internet of Things in 5G.
B Cell–Mediated Antigen Presentation through MHC Class II Is Dispensable for Atherosclerosis Progression
Authors: Williams Jesse W , Elvington Andrew , Kessler Skyler , Wohltmann Mary , Wu Gregory F , Randolph Gwendalyn J 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Depletion of B cells attenuates plaque development and modulates T cell responses in mouse models of atherosclerosis, suggesting that Ag presentation by B cells may promote disease progression. Thus, we set out to determine the role of B cell–mediated MHC class II (MHC II) Ag presentation during atherosclerotic plaque development. We developed murine conditional MHC II deletion and expression systems under control of the B cell–restricted CD19 promoter in an experimental model of atherosclerosis. Mice lacking MHC II expression only on B cells exhibited systemic shifts in germinal center and marginal zone B cell populations, leading to a reduced Ab response compared with littermate control animals. However, all populations were present and normal cholesterol uptake was detected in the plasma following high-fat diet treatment. In a second model, in which conditional expression of MHC II is limited only to B cells, showed similar overall cellularity characteristics compared with mice with complete MHC II deficiency. High-fat diet feeding showed no major changes in atherosclerotic plaque size or plaque cellular content in either conditional deletion or conditional expression approaches, compared with control animals. By testing the necessity and sufficiency of MHC II on B cells in the progression of atherosclerosis, we determine that MHC II on B cells does not directly regulate lesion development in murine models.
Resolution of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and Persistence ofLeishmania majorin the Absence of Arginase 1
Authors: Paduch Katrin , Debus Andrea , Rai Baplu , Schleicher Ulrike , Bogdan Christian 
Published: January 2019

AbstractArginase (Arg) 1 is expressed by hematopoietic (e.g., macrophages) and nonhematopoietic cells (e.g., endothelial cells) and converts l-arginine into ornithine and urea. The enzyme is implicated in tissue repair but also antagonizes the production of NO by type 2 NO synthase in myeloid cells and thereby impedes the control of intracellular parasites such as Leishmania major. In this study, we tested whether Arg1 is required for spontaneous healing of acute cutaneous leishmaniasis in C57BL/6 mice and for lifelong parasite persistence in draining lymph nodes (dLNs) of healed mice. In vitro, bone marrow–derived macrophages and lymphoid endothelial cells readily expressed Arg1 in response to IL-4 and/or IL-13, whereas skin or dLN fibroblasts failed to do so, even during hypoxia. In vivo, Arg1 was found in skin lesions and, to a much lower extent, also in dLNs of acutely infected C57BL/6 mice but became undetectable at both sites after healing. Deletion of Arg1 in hematopoietic and endothelial cells using Tie2Cre+/−Arg1fl/fl C57BL/6 mice abolished the expression of Arg1 in skin lesions and dLNs but did not affect development and resolution of skin lesions, parasite burden, NO production, or host cell tropism of L. major during the acute or persistent phase of infection. Similar to wild-type controls, parasites persisting in Arg1-deficient mice favored NO synthase 2−negative areas and mainly resided in myeloid cells and fibroblasts. We conclude that Arg1 expression by hematopoietic and endothelial cells is completely dispensable for clinical resolution of cutaneous leishmaniasis and for long-term persistence of L. major.
Co-constructing integrity: A conceptual framework
Authors: Van Niekerk Annelize , May Michelle S. 
Published: January 2019

Orientation: The use of an integrity framework can positively influence the impact senior management has on middle management’s experience of integrity and subsequently contribute towards creating a positive work environment and establishing healthy relationships between these two groups.Research purpose: The aim of this research is to obtain insights from psychology practitioners about the potential application of, and the value added by, a particular integrity framework within organisations.Motivation for the study: Establishing a positive work environment and organisational culture that upholds integrity and that is conducive to behaviour marked by integrity, requires investment into the development of leadership integrity. Utilising an integrity framework will enable psychology practitioners and organisational leadership to create an environment in which healthy relationships can be established between all stakeholders, in particular, between senior and middle managers, allowing integrity to flourish.Research approach/design and method: A hermeneutic, qualitative study was undertaken and convenient sampling was used. Participants included industrial and counselling psychologists. A listening post was convened and the data obtained were analysed using thematic analysis.Main findings: The findings indicate organisations can use the framework effectively by customising it according to their specific needs, organisational strategy, vision and mission.Practical/managerial implication: The framework will enable senior management to influence follower behaviour positively regarding their integrity within the organisation. The framework will assist middle managers in gaining a better understanding of the impact senior management has on their experience of integrity.Contribution/value-add: The study also highlights the important role organisations play in creating and establishing an ethical work climate that will ensure corporate integrity. This will enable organisations to provide value to their corporate stakeholders and to society at large.
Reference centile charts of first-trimester aneuploidy screening & Doppler parameters for Indian population
Authors: Kumar Manisha , Singh Shalini , Sharma Karuna , Singh Ritu , Ravi Vajala , Gupta Usha , Bhattacharjee Jaya 
Published: January 2019

Background & objectives:
The risk estimation for foetal aneuploidies in the first trimester of pregnancy uses reference curves based on western data. The objective of this study was to construct the reference curves of first-trimester foetal aneuploidy screening parameters for the Indian women.

Methods:
Cross-sectional data were obtained from 1204 singleton pregnancies between the crown-rump length (CRL) of 40-84 mm. Linear regression models were constructed; the mean, median and standard deviation were derived as a function of CRL.

Results:
The mean value of CRL was 61.3 mm. The regression analysis showed a significant correlation between all variables and CRL (P<0.001). There was a positive correlation of CRL with nuchal translucency (NT) (y=0.010x+0.629, R2=0.116) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) (y=0.107x−1.079, R2=0.173), whereas inverse correlation was seen with free β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) (y=−0.409x+75.025, R2=0.018) and Doppler parameters pulsatility index (PI) (y=−0.008x+1.924 R2=0.053). The centile charts of NT, PAPP-A, free β-hCG and uterine artery (Ut A) Doppler PI were constructed.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The reference centile charts of first trimester aneuploidy screening along with Doppler parameters were derived in Indian pregnant women. These centile charts may be used as a reference for clinical use in Indian population.
Smokeless tobacco cessation interventions
Authors: Nethan Suzanne Tanya , Sinha Dhirendra Narain , Chandan Kumar , Mehrotra Ravi 
Published: January 2019

Background & objectives:
Smokeless tobacco (SLT) consumption is a global health issue with about 350 million users and numerous adverse health consequences like oral cancer and myocardial disorders. Hence, cessation of SLT use is as essential as smoking cessation. An update on the available literature on SLT cessation intervention studies is provided here.

Methods:
Through an extensive literature search on SLT cessation intervention studies, using keywords such as smokeless tobacco, cessation, interventions, quitlines, brief advice, nicotine replacement therapy, nicotine gum, nicotine lozenge, nicotine patch, bupropion, varenicline, mHealth, etc., 59 eligible studies were selected. Furthermore, efficacy of the interventions was assessed from the reported risk ratios (RRs) [confidence intervals (CIs)] and quit rates.

Results:
Studies were conducted in Scandinavia, India, United Kingdom, Pakistan and the United States of America, with variable follow up periods of one month to 10 years. Behavioural interventions alone showed high efficacy in SLT cessation; most studies were conducted among adults and showed positive effects, i.e. RR [CI] 0.87 [0.7, 1.09] to 3.84 [2.33, 6.33], quit rate between 9-51.5 per cent, at six months. Regular telephone support/quitlines also proved beneficial. Among pharmacological modalities, nicotine lozenges and varenicline proved efficacious in SLT cessation.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Globally, there is limited information available on SLT cessation intervention trials, research on which must be encouraged, especially in the low-resource, high SLT burden countries; behavioural interventions are most suitable for such settings. Appropriate training/sensitization of healthcare professionals, and school-based SLT use prevention and cessation programmes need to be encouraged.