bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case study—Characterizing and averting risk of catastrophic vessel failure for a reaction in dimethyl sulfoxide
Authors: Roth Megan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractProcess safety testing performed on a batch process for making a pharmaceutical intermediate revealed that one process stream, a reaction in dimethyl sulfoxide, had a significant undesired reaction that could lead to catastrophic vessel failure as a result of a single process deviation. Comprehensive testing identified the worst case process stream with the lowest exotherm initiation temperature and most severe pressure consequences, for which corrective actions must be taken. With this information in hand, hazard assessments were performed to support processing, to determine the appropriate safeguards needed to mitigate the consequences, and to reduce the likelihood of reaching this activity to a tolerable level.
Characteristics of herpes simplex virus infection and pathogenesis suggest a strategy for vaccine development
Authors: Xu Xingli , Zhang Ying , Li Qihan 
Published: June 2019

SummaryHerpes simplex virus (HSV) can cause oral or genital ulcerative lesions and even encephalitis in various age groups with high infection rates. More seriously, HSV may lead to a wide range of recurrent diseases throughout a lifetime. No vaccines against HSV are currently available. The accumulated clinical research data for HSV vaccines reveal that the effects of HSV interacting with the host, especially the host immune system, may be important for the development of HSV vaccines. HSV vaccine development remains a major challenge. Thus, we focus on the research data regarding the interactions of HSV and host immune cells, including dendritic cells (DCs), innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), macrophages, and natural killer (NK) cells, and the related signal transduction pathways involved in immune evasion and cytokine production. The aim is to explore possible strategies to develop new effective HSV vaccines.
Development of strain‐hardening lightweight engineered cementitious composites using hollow glass microspheres
Authors: Aslani Farhad , Wang Lining 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHollow glass microsphere (HGM) is a kind of ultra‐lightweight inorganic non‐metallic material with hollow structure, and it is a versatile and high‐performance new lightweight material developed in recent years. HGMs comprising at least 45 wt% of recycled glass based on the total weight of a feed composition from which the hollow microspheres are derived. The purpose of this study is to develop high‐performance lightweight engineered cementitious composites (LWECCs) using efficiently waste recycled HGMs as a lightweight filler substitute for sustainable construction. LWECC is a flowable type of lightweight fiber‐reinforced concrete, which is able to illustrate strain‐hardening behaviors rather than tension softening after an initial crack and possesses a tensile strain up to 6%; however, available lightweight fillers in LWECC exhibit more brittle behavior compared with normal weight engineered cementitious composite. In this study, three different types of HGMs are used as lightweight fillers with 0.25, 0.40, and 0.60 g/cm3 densities, and their effects on fresh and mechanical properties of LWECC have been investigated. HGMs fillers are replaced at 40 and 60% weight of fly ash in the control mix. To evaluate the strength of the LWECC, samples were cured for periods of 7 and 28 days and then tested for mechanical properties by compression test and three‐point bending. Furthermore, the scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and morphological observations to confirm the dispersion of the lightweight filler have been captured.
Assessment of the use of mainstream iron addition for phosphorous control on H2S content of biogas from anaerobic digestion of sludges
Authors: Parker Wayne , Celmer‐Repin Dominika , Bicudo José , Law Pam 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA material flux analysis on sulfur (S), phosphorus (P), aluminum (Al), and iron (Fe) was conducted for two WWTPs (Galt and Kitchener) to evaluate the potential of coagulants that are employed for phosphorus control to reduce hydrogen sulfide (H2S) emissions in the biogas from anaerobic digestion. It was found that while the Galt WWTP receives higher concentrations of S in the raw wastewater than the Kitchener WWTP, this had only a modest impact on the speciation of S entering anaerobic digestion. At both plants, only 2%–4% of influent S entered the digesters. The presence of Fe in the sludge stream was found to cause S, that is released by volatile solid destruction and sulfate () reduction, to become particulate‐bound. A dosage of 1.1 mg/L of Fe into the raw wastewater (11% of the Fe dosed for P control) was sufficient for sulfide (S2‐) control. Transitioning the Galt WWTP from Al to Fe dosing for P control had no significant impact on effluent P concentrations and resulted in a substantial reduction in the biogas H2S concentration. An additional secondary benefit was an increase in the solid content of the dewatered cake.Practitioner points

Material flux analyses can be employed to gain insight into the fate of key elements contributing to biogas quality.

The use of iron for phosphorous control can effectively control H2S in anaerobic biogas.

Conversion from Al2(SO4)3 to FeSO4 dosing for P control resulted in increased solid content of centrifuged biosolids.
The Dutch Housing Agenda
Authors: Ollongren Kajsa 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe problems on the Dutch housing market are a complex social issue. Finding a good balance between accessibility, affordability and minimising the macro-economic risks is a huge puzzle which we in the Cabinet are currently working on. To keep pace with the growth in demand for houses in the cities, it is essential that enough new homes are being built. We wish to tackle the housing shortage in collaboration with local government and the other stakeholders. On a national level, we take control of this assignment through the National Housing Agenda. The three challenges that the National Housing Agenda focuses on are increasing and accelerating the construction of housing, making better use of the existing stock, and securing the affordability of housing.
Towards a Global Real Estate Market? Trends and Evidence
Authors: Clerc Laurent 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this paper, I analyse house price developments in a set of 18 OECD countries. I find some evidence that global financial conditions have played an important role in shaping house price developments in these countries, especially in the run-up to the financial crisis. The current very accommodative monetary policy environment may already have triggered a new build-up of financial imbalances in some countries. However, while the synchronicity in housing cycles has increased across countries, the amplitude of these cycles continues to be influenced by domestic factors and local structural features, leaving national macroprudential authorities with some leeway to address these imbalances.
Managing House Price Booms: Evolution of IMF Surveillance and Policy Advice
Authors: Ahir Hites , Loungani Prakash 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis chapter describes the evolution of IMF monitoring—“surveillance” in the IMF’s jargon—of housing markets from 2008 to the present. It explains how the IMF has assessed overvaluation in housing markets and the advice offered on the policy tools needed to manage house price booms. The IMF’s ‘corporate view’ or ‘house view’ that macroprudential policies must be the first line of defense to deal with house price booms is laid out. The chapter also discusses whether the run-up in house prices over the past few years should be a source of worry. Lastly, the chapter describes how IMF surveillance has adapted as housing markets have become more ‘glocalized’ and developments at the sub-national level gain greater prominence.
The granular Blasius problem
Authors: Tsang Jonathan Michael Foonlan , Dalziel Stuart B. , Vriend N. M. 
Published: June 2019

We consider the steady flow of a granular current over a uniformly sloped surface that is smooth upstream (allowing slip for$x<0$) but rough downstream (imposing a no-slip condition on$x>0$), with a sharp transition at$x=0$. This problem is similar to the classical Blasius problem, which considers the growth of a boundary layer over a flat plate in a Newtonian fluid that is subject to a similar step change in boundary conditions. Our discrete particle model simulations show that a comparable boundary-layer phenomenon occurs for the granular problem: the effects of basal roughness are initially localised at the base but gradually spread throughout the depth of the current. A rheological model can be used to investigate the changing internal velocity profile. The boundary layer is a region of high shear rate and therefore high inertial number$I$; its dynamics is governed by the asymptotic behaviour of the granular rheology for high values of the inertial number. The$\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}(I)$rheology (Jopet al.,Nature, vol. 441 (7094), 2006, pp. 727–730) asserts that$\text{d}\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}/\text{d}I=O(1/I^{2})$as$I\rightarrow \infty$, but current experimental evidence is insufficient to confirm this. We show that this rheology does not admit a self-similar boundary layer, but that there exist generalisations of the$\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}(I)$rheology, with different dependencies of$\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}(I)$on$I$, for which such self-similar solutions do exist. These solutions show good quantitative agreement with the results of our discrete particle model simulations.
Obstructive sleep apnoea as a late complication after tracheostomy
Authors: Đanić D , Mrzljak Vučinić N , Đanić Hadžibegović A 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundObstructive sleep apnoea occurs consequent to partial or complete upper airway obstruction, caused mostly by the collapse of upper airway musculature. Drug-induced sleep endoscopy represents the ‘gold standard’ in identifying the obstruction site, from the palatal level to laryngeal entry. Breathing impairment in sleep caused by the collapse of cervical trachea after previous tracheostomy has not yet been described in the literature.MethodsThis report presents two patients with severe obstructive sleep apnoea, in whom pre-operative drug-induced sleep endoscopy revealed upper airway and cervical trachea collapse at the level of previous tracheostomy.ResultsThe female patient was successfully treated with resection of hypertrophic tissue of the tongue base via lateral pharyngectomy, and resection of the collapsed segment of the trachea with primary reconstruction of the trachea by end-to-end anastomosis. The male patient was recommended continuous positive airway pressure therapy because of serious co-morbidities and high operative risk.ConclusionDrug-induced sleep endoscopy should always be used for visualisation of anatomical structures below the vocal folds in patients with a history of cervical trachea surgery. These two cases demonstrate the importance of drug-induced sleep endoscopy in planning conservative and surgical treatments, contributing significantly to operative success.
Development of a gecko-like robotic gripper using Scott–Russell mechanisms
Authors: Modabberifar Mehdi , Spenko Matthew 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThis paper describes the development of a gecko-inspired robotic gripper for grasping flat objects using Scott–Russell mechanisms. Compared to previously reported grippers that utilize gecko-like adhesives, the one presented here produces higher normal adhesion and has robustness and controllability advantages. To verify the applicability of proposed gripper, a mechanical model and experimental results on a variety of substrates are presented. The experimental results demonstrated a 19.6% and 50% increase in normal adhesion using a preload of <15 and <30 N, respectively, compared to previously reported results under similar testing parameters and conditions.
Unanticipated admissions to paediatric cardiac critical care after cardiac catheterisations
Authors: Peebles Erin , Miller Michael R. , Benson Lee N. , Humpl Tilman 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectives:Cardiac catheterisation is commonly used for diagnosis and therapeutic interventions in paediatric cardiology. The inherent risk of the procedure can result in unanticipated admissions to critical care. Our goals were to provide a qualitative description of characteristics and evaluation of children admitted unexpectedly to the cardiac critical care unit (CCCU).Methods:A retrospective single centre review of cardiac catheterisation procedures was done between 1 January, 2003 and 30 April, 2013.Results:Of 9336 cardiac catheterisations performed, 146 (1.6%) were admitted from the catheterisation laboratory to the CCCU and met inclusion criteria. Of these 146 patients, 117 (1.3%) met criteria for unexpected admission and 29 (0.3%) were planned admissions. The majority admitted unexpectedly were below 1 year of age without co-morbidity aside from heart disease. Patients with planned admissions were significantly more likely to have single ventricle physiology, undergoing angiography or transferred for observation. Most unplanned admissions were triggered by interventional catheterisations or procedure-related complications. Patients received mechanical ventilation as the main CCCU management. Eighteen patients needed either cardiopulmonary resuscitation and/or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation during their catheterisation. About 106/117 (90.6%) patients survived to hospital discharge with no deaths in the planned admission group.Conclusions:Admission to CCCU following cardiac catheterisation was uncommon and tended to occur in younger children undergoing interventional procedures. Outcomes did not differ between patients experiencing planned and unplanned CCCU admission. Ongoing development of risk stratification tools may help to decrease unplanned CCCU admissions. Further studies are needed to determine whether unplanned admission following paediatric cardiac catheterisation should be utilised as a quality indicator.
A CONTRIBUTION TO THE THEORY OF FERTILITY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Gori Luca , Sodini Mauro 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe aim of this research is to build on a theory for explaining economic development in a (neoclassical) growth model with endogenous fertility. The economy is inhabited by overlapping generations of rational and identical individuals and identical competitive firms producing with a constant-returns-to-scale technology and no externalities. From a theoretical perspective, the distinguishing feature of this work is that endogenous fertility per se explains the existence of low- and high-development regimes. It provides different reasons (history driven or expectations driven) why some countries enter development trajectories with high GDP and low fertility and others experience underperformances with low GDP and high fertility. The model is also capable to reproduce fertility fluctuations and explain the baby busts and baby booms observed in the last century in some developed countries.
Exploring demoralization in end-of-life cancer patients: Prevalence, latent dimensions, and associations with other psychosocial variables
Authors: Bovero Andrea , Botto Rossana , Adriano Beatrice , Opezzo Marta , Tesio Valentina , Torta Riccardo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveDemoralization is an existential distress syndrome that consists of an incapacity of coping, helplessness, hopelessness, loss of meaning and purpose, and impaired self-esteem. It can affect cancer patients, and the Demoralization Scale is a valid instrument to assess it. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of demoralization in end-of-life cancer patients and its associations with the medical and psychosocial variables. In addition, the latent dimensions of demoralization emerging in this distinctive population were explored.MethodThe study is cross-sectional. The sample consisted of 235 end-of-life cancer patients with a Karnofsky performance status (KPS) lower than 50 and a life expectancy of a few weeks. For each patient, personal and medical data was gathered by a palliative physician and a set of validated rating scales, assessing demoralization, anxiety, depression, physical symptoms, pain, spiritual well-being, and dignity, was administered by a psychologist during the first consultation.ResultSixty-four participants (27.2%) had low demoralization, 50.2% (n = 118) had medium demoralization, and 22.6% (n = 53) had high demoralization. Factor analysis evidenced a five-factor solution that identified the following demoralization factors: Emotional Distress and Inability to Cope, Loss of Purpose and Meaning, Worthlessness, Sense of Failure, and Dysphoria. All the considered variables were associated with demoralization, except for pain, nausea, breathing problems, and sociodemographic and clinical variables.Significance of resultsEnd-of-life cancer patients showed higher levels of demoralization than has been reported in other studies with advanced cancer. These data could suggest that demoralization could increase in proximity to death and with impaired clinical condition. In particular, the five demoralization dimensions that emerged could represent the typical concerns around which the syndrome evolves in end-of-life cancer patients. Finally, spiritual well-being could play a protective role with respect to demoralization.
Observation and Parameterization of Broadband Sea Surface Albedo
Authors: Huang Chuan Jiang , Qiao Fangli , Chen Siyu , Xue Yuhuan , Guo Jingsong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe broadband sea surface albedo (SSA) was observed from a fixed sea platform in the South China Sea. This observation period lasted approximately 152 days and included a wide range of atmospheric and oceanic conditions. Under clear‐sky conditions, the observed SSA increased significantly with the increase in the solar zenith angle at low solar altitudes, while the SSA changed little under high Sun. Under cloudy skies, however, the SSA was negligibly dependent on the solar zenith angle. The observed SSA was also influenced by atmospheric and oceanic conditions, in which it increased with increasing winds or surface waves and decreased with increasing water vapor pressure at the sea surface. An empirical parameterization of the broadband SSA was proposed based on these observations, in which the SSA was a function of the solar zenith angle, wind speed or significant wave height, and water vapor pressure. The correlation coefficients between the predicted SSA and the observations reached 0.95, 0.94, and 0.88 in clear skies, mixed skies, and cloudy skies, respectively. Finally, the root‐mean‐square deviations were only 0.009, 0.015, and 0.011 in these three sky conditions, respectively.
Paleomagnetism of Oligocene Hot Spot Volcanics in Central Queensland, Australia
Authors: Hansma J. , Tohver E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe report three high‐quality paleomagnetic poles for Oligocene Australia from volcanic provinces along the Cosgrove hot spot track in central Queensland, NE Australia. We present paleomagnetic poles for Springsure (27.3–28.9 Ma: ϕ=300.6°E, λ=70.5°N, K=13.7, A95=9.7°, N=18/22, Q=6), Peak Range (28.2–31.2 Ma: ϕ=291.8°E, λ=64.6°N, K=10.1, A95=8.8°, N=29/31, Q=6), and Hillsborough volcanic provinces (33.1–34.1 Ma: ϕ=301.4°E, λ=67.1°N, K=32.2, A95=7.1, N=14/18, Q=7), as well as data from Buckland and Nebo volcanic provinces. Using our new results, we resolve ambiguities present in published paleomagnetic data for Australia during the Oligocene epoch (23–34 Ma) and calculate a combined Oligocene paleomagnetic pole of ϕ=289.2°E, λ=71.0°N, (K=24.6, A95=1.9°, N=227/274, Q=6). We update the continental apparent polar wander path for Australia and find evidence for accelerated seafloor spreading in the Southern Ocean after ∼34 Ma (anomaly C13). Lastly, we take advantage of the large number of paleomagnetic sites (N=97) along the Cosgrove hot spot track to empirically evaluate the TK03.GAD geomagnetic field model. Paleomagnetic directions from rocks along the Cosgrove track have an elongation (E) of 1.6, remarkably consistent with TK03.GAD expected values for hot spot paleolatitudes (E=1.4–1.6, λ=36.6–43.3°S).
Conceptualizing mental disorders as deviations from normative functioning
Authors: Marquand Andre F. , Kia Seyed Mostafa , Zabihi Mariam , Wolfers Thomas , Buitelaar Jan K. , Beckmann Christian F. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNormative models are a class of emerging statistical techniques useful for understanding the heterogeneous biology underlying psychiatric disorders at the level of the individual participant. Analogous to normative growth charts used in paediatric medicine for plotting child development in terms of height or weight as a function of age, normative models chart variation in clinical cohorts in terms of mappings between quantitative biological measures and clinically relevant variables. An emerging body of literature has demonstrated that such techniques are excellent tools for parsing the heterogeneity in clinical cohorts by providing statistical inferences at the level of the individual participant with respect to the normative range. Here, we provide a unifying review of the theory and application of normative modelling for understanding the biological and clinical heterogeneity underlying mental disorders. We first provide a statistically grounded yet non-technical overview of the conceptual underpinnings of normative modelling and propose a conceptual framework to link the many different methodological approaches that have been proposed for this purpose. We survey the literature employing these techniques, focusing principally on applications of normative modelling to quantitative neuroimaging-based biomarkers in psychiatry and, finally, we provide methodological considerations and recommendations to guide future applications of these techniques. We show that normative modelling provides a means by which the importance of modelling individual differences can be brought from theory to concrete data analysis procedures for understanding heterogeneous mental disorders and ultimately a promising route towards precision medicine in psychiatry.
Phytochrome activates the plastid-encoded RNA polymerase for chloroplast biogenesis via nucleus-to-plastid signaling
Authors: Yoo Chan Yul , Pasoreck Elise K. , Wang He , Cao Jun , Blaha Gregor M. , Weigel Detlef , Chen Meng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLight initiates chloroplast biogenesis by activating photosynthesis-associated genes encoded by not only the nuclear but also the plastidial genome, but how photoreceptors control plastidial gene expression remains enigmatic. Here we show that the photoactivation of phytochromes triggers the expression of photosynthesis-associated plastid-encoded genes (PhAPGs) by stimulating the assembly of the bacterial-type plastidial RNA polymerase (PEP) into a 1000-kDa complex. Using forward genetic approaches, we identified REGULATOR OF CHLOROPLAST BIOGENESIS (RCB) as a dual-targeted nuclear/plastidial phytochrome signaling component required for PEP assembly. Surprisingly, RCB controls PhAPG expression primarily from the nucleus by interacting with phytochromes and promoting their localization to photobodies for the degradation of the transcriptional regulators PIF1 and PIF3. RCB-dependent PIF degradation in the nucleus signals the plastids for PEP assembly and PhAPG expression. Thus, our findings reveal the framework of a nucleus-to-plastid anterograde signaling pathway by which phytochrome signaling in the nucleus controls plastidial transcription.