bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Process Study on Thinning of Arctic Winter Cirrus Clouds With High‐Resolution ICON‐ART Simulations
Authors: Gruber Simon , Blahak Ulrich , Haenel Florian , Kottmeier Christoph , Leisner Thomas , Muskatel Harel , Storelvmo Trude , Vogel Bernhard 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this study, cloud‐resolving simulations of a case study for a limited area of the hibernal Arctic were performed with the atmospheric modeling system ICON‐ART (ICOsahedral Nonhydrostatic‐Aerosol and Reactive Trace gases). A thorough comparison with data both from satellite as well as aircraft measurement is presented to validate the simulations. In addition, the model is applied to clarify the microphysical processes occurring when introducing artificial aerosol particles into the upper troposphere with the aim of modifying cirrus clouds in the framework of climate engineering. Former modeling studies investigating the climate effect of this method were performed with simplifying assumptions and much coarser resolution, reaching partly contradicting conclusions concerning the method's effectiveness. The primary effect of seeding is found to be a reduction of ice crystal number concentrations in cirrus clouds, leading to increased outgoing longwave radiative fluxes at the top of the atmosphere, thereby creating a cooling effect. Furthermore, a secondary effect is found, as ice crystals formed from the injected seeding aerosol particles lead to enhanced riming of cloud droplets within the planetary boundary layer. This effectively reduces the coverage of mixed‐phase clouds, thus generating additional cooling by increased upward longwave radiative fluxes at the surface. The efficacy of seeding cirrus clouds proves to be relatively independent from the atmospheric background conditions, scales with the number concentrations of seeding particles, and is highest for large aerosol particles.
Stationary Features at the Cloud Top of Venus Observed by Ultraviolet Imager Onboard Akatsuki
Authors: Kitahara Takehiko , Imamura Takeshi , Sato Takao M. , Yamazaki Atsushi , Lee Yeon Joo , Yamada Manabu , Watanabe Shigeto , Taguchi Makoto , Fukuhara Tetsuya , Kouyama Toru , Murakami Shin‐ya , Hashimoto George L. , Ogohara Kazunori , Kashimura Hiroki , Horinouchi Takeshi , Takagi Masahiro 
Published: April 2019

AbstractStationary features indicative of topographic gravity waves were identified at the cloud top of Venus with the 283‐nm channel of the Ultraviolet Imager (UVI) onboard Akatsuki, and their geographical and local time dependences were studied. At this wavelength the absorption by SO2 dominates. To extract stationary structures with respect to the surface, we averaged multiple images to smooth out moving features and applied high‐pass filtering to emphasize small structures. We found that stationary features appear exclusively above highlands and that they tend to appear between noon and evening. The stationary features seem to be synchronized with those observed in the cloud top temperature maps taken by the Longwave Infrared Camera (LIR). It was shown using a gravity wave model that the scale height of SO2 should be smaller than that of the cloud around the cloud top to reproduce the observed phase relationship between the stationary features seen in the Ultraviolet Imager and Longwave Infrared Camera images.
Seasonally Resolved Proxy Data From the Antarctic Peninsula Support a Heterogeneous Middle Eocene Southern Ocean
Authors: Judd Emily J. , Ivany Linda C. , DeConto Robert M. , Halberstadt Anna Ruth W. , Miklus Nicole M. , Junium Christopher K. , Uveges Benjamin T. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractUnderstanding conditions at both global and local scales during the greenhouse climate of the Eocene Epoch is critical for making accurate predictions in our rapidly warming world. Despite the wealth of proxy data and modeling studies, fundamental aspects of the climate system still remain uncertain. For example, accurate austral high‐latitude temperatures are necessary to understand the evolution of temperatures during the lead‐up to Antarctic glaciation and determine the meridional temperature gradient during greenhouse warmth, yet records are few and disparate. Here we present seasonally resolved temperature and precipitation data from the latest Lutetian (~42 Ma) from the eastern Antarctic Peninsula. Oxygen isotopes from bivalves indicate a mean temperature of 13.1 °C and a seasonal range of 8.0 °C, slightly (<1 °C) more seasonal than modeled temperatures from high‐obliquity simulations. Carbon isotopes from driftwood suggest that summer accounts for just over half of annual precipitation. When compared with other austral high‐latitude records, the data are consistent with a zonally heterogeneous middle Eocene Southern Ocean. Similar longitudinal variability is observed in the modern boreal high latitudes, where landmasses subdivide the ocean, subjecting basins to their own distinct circulation patterns and coastal processes. With closed Drake and Tasman passages, the middle Eocene Southern Ocean would also have been noncontiguous, resulting in larger variability of sea surface temperatures along individual zonal bands than today. This interpretation resolves inconsistencies among existing high‐austral proxy records and suggests that the large seasonal range of temperatures may be indicative of regional‐scale circulation patterns along the peninsula not captured by low‐resolution climate simulations.
Impaired cortico-striatal excitatory transmission triggers epilepsy
Authors: Miyamoto Hiroyuki , Tatsukawa Tetsuya , Shimohata Atsushi , Yamagata Tetsushi , Suzuki Toshimitsu , Amano Kenji , Mazaki Emi , Raveau Matthieu , Ogiwara Ikuo , Oba-Asaka Atsuko , Hensch Takao K. , Itohara Shigeyoshi , Sakimura Kenji , Kobayashi Kenta , Kobayashi Kazuto , Yamakawa Kazuhiro 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSTXBP1 and SCN2A gene mutations are observed in patients with epilepsies, although the circuit basis remains elusive. Here, we show that mice with haplodeficiency for these genes exhibit absence seizures with spike-and-wave discharges (SWDs) initiated by reduced cortical excitatory transmission into the striatum. Mice deficient for Stxbp1 or Scn2a in cortico-striatal but not cortico-thalamic neurons reproduce SWDs. In Stxbp1 haplodeficient mice, there is a reduction in excitatory transmission from the neocortex to striatal fast-spiking interneurons (FSIs). FSI activity transiently decreases at SWD onset, and pharmacological potentiation of AMPA receptors in the striatum but not in the thalamus suppresses SWDs. Furthermore, in wild-type mice, pharmacological inhibition of cortico-striatal FSI excitatory transmission triggers absence and convulsive seizures in a dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that impaired cortico-striatal excitatory transmission is a plausible mechanism that triggers epilepsy in Stxbp1 and Scn2a haplodeficient mice.
The TIR/BB-loop mimetic AS-1 prevents Ang II-induced hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy via NF-κB dependent downregulation of miRNA-143
Authors: Song Juan , Xie Qifei , Wang Lin , Lu Yi , Liu Peijing , Yang Ping , Chen Rui , Shao Chen , Qiao Chen , Wang Zhongqun , Yan Jinchuan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractUntreated pathological cardiac hypertrophy, which can be caused by sustained systemic hypertension, may lead to heart failure. In the present study, we investigated whether AS-1 had attenuating effects on hypertension-induced cardiac hypertrophy, and whether this process was mediated by the regulation of miRNA-143. To induce the hypertrophic response in vitro, cardiomyocytes were stimulated with Ang II for 24hs. AS-1 administration strongly attenuated Ang II-induced hypertrophic response of cardiomyocytes. Chronical infusion of Ang II via implanted osmotic mini-pump induced increased blood pressure and cardiac hypertrophy in vivo. AS-1 administration attenuated hypertension-induced cardiac hypertrophy by, at least in part, inhibin of MAPK signaling. We observed, for the first time, upregulated expression of miRNA-143 in Ang II-induced cardiomyocytes, and inhibition of miRNA-143 significantly reduced the Ang II-induced hypertrophic responses. Importantly, AS-1 administration diminished the Ang II-induced upregulation of miRNA-143. Overexpression of miRNA-143 abolished the attenuating effects of AS-1 on Ang II-induced hypertrophic response of cardiomyocytes. Additionally, AS-1 administration abrogates Ang II-induced nuclear translocation of p50 NF-κB subunit in hypertrophic cardiomyocytes. Application of NF-κB inhibitor significantly suppressed Ang II-induced upregulation of miRNA-143. Our data suggest a novel mechanism by which AS-1 attenuates Ang II-induced hypertrophic response through downregulation miRNA-143 expression in a NF-κB-dependent manner.
Thermal stability and electronic and magnetic properties of atomically thin 2D transition metal oxides
Authors: van Gog Heleen , Li Wun-Fan , Fang Changming , Koster Rik S. , Dijkstra Marjolein , van Huis Marijn 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) transition metal oxides (TMOs) are an emerging class of nanomaterials. Using density functional theory and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations, we carried out a systematic study of atomically thin metal oxide phases with compositions MO, M2O3, and MO2, for transition metal elements Sc, Ti, V, Cr, and Mn. We identified nine thermally stable structures that may be realized as free-standing nanosheets: hexagonalh-Sc2O3,h-V2O3, andh-Mn2O3; hexagonalt-VO,t-CrO, andt-MnO; and squaresq-TiO,sq-VO, andsq-MnO. Thet-MO phases are novel hexagonal structures which emerged naturally from phase transformations observed during AIMD simulations. The 2D TMOs were found to exhibit a wide range of remarkable electronic and magnetic properties, indicating that they are bright candidates for electronic and spintronic applications. Most exceptional in this regard ish-V2O3, that is the only phase that has been experimentally realized so far, and was found to be a ferromagnetic half-metal with Dirac-cone-like bands.
Domain-specific expression of meristematic genes is defined by the LITTLE ZIPPER protein DTM in tomato
Authors: Xu Qian , Li Rong , Weng Lin , Sun Yuan , Li Meng , Xiao Han 
Published: April 2019

AbstractShoot meristems, which harbor a small population of stem cells, are responsible for generating new above-ground organs in plants. The proliferation and differentiation of these stem cells is regulated by a genetic pathway involving two key meristematic genes: CLAVATA3 (CLV3) and WUSCHEL (WUS). However, it is not well understood how CLV3 and WUS expression domains in the shoot meristems are specified and maintained during post-embryogenic development. Here, we show that a tomato mutant with fasciated stems, flowers and fruits, due to impaired stem cell activity, is defective in a LITTLE ZIPPER gene denoted as DEFECTIVE TOMATO MERISTEM (DTM). DTM forms a negative feedback loop with class III homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-ZIP III) transcription factors to confine CLV3 and WUS expression to specific domains of the shoot meristems. Our findings reveal a new layer of complexity in the regulation of plant stem cell homeostasis.
Oscillatory cAMP cell-cell signalling persists during multicellular Dictyostelium development
Authors: Singer Gail , Araki Tsuyoshi , Weijer Cornelis J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPropagating waves of cAMP, periodically initiated in the aggregation centre, are known to guide the chemotactic aggregation of hundreds of thousands of starving individual Dictyostelium discoideum cells into multicellular aggregates. Propagating optical density waves, reflecting cell periodic movement, have previously been shown to exist in streaming aggregates, mounds and migrating slugs. Using a highly sensitive cAMP-FRET reporter, we have now been able to measure periodically propagating cAMP waves directly in these multicellular structures. In slugs cAMP waves are periodically initiated in the tip and propagate backward through the prespore zone. Altered cAMP signalling dynamics in mutants with developmental defects strongly support a key functional role for cAMP waves in multicellular Dictyostelium morphogenesis. These findings thus show that propagating cAMP not only control the initial aggregation process but continue to be the long range cell-cell communication mechanism guiding cell movement during multicellular Dictyostelium morphogenesis at the mound and slugs stages.
Changes in rainfall distribution promote woody foliage production in the Sahel
Authors: Brandt Martin , Hiernaux Pierre , Rasmussen Kjeld , Tucker Compton J. , Wigneron Jean-Pierre , Diouf Abdoul Aziz , Herrmann Stefanie M. , Zhang Wenmin , Kergoat Laurent , Mbow Cheikh , Abel Christin , Auda Yves , Fensholt Rasmus 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDryland ecosystems comprise a balance between woody and herbaceous vegetation. Climate change impacts rainfall timing, which may alter the respective contributions of woody and herbaceous plants on the total vegetation production. Here, we apply 30 years of field-measured woody foliage and herbaceous mass from Senegal and document a faster increase in woody foliage mass (+17 kg ha−1 yr−1) as compared to herbaceous mass (+3 kg ha−1 yr−1). Annual rainfall trends were partitioned into core wet-season rains (+0.7 mm yr-1), supporting a weak but periodic (5-year cycles) increase in herbaceous mass, and early/late rains (+2.1 mm yr−1), explaining the strongly increased woody foliage mass. Satellite observations confirm these findings for the majority of the Sahel, with total herbaceous/woody foliage mass increases by 6%/20%. We conclude that the rainfall recovery in the Sahel does not benefit herbaceous vegetation to the same extent as woody vegetation, presumably favoured by increased early/late rains.
Atomic structure observations and reaction dynamics simulations on triple phase boundaries in solid-oxide fuel cells
Authors: Liu Shu-Sheng , Saha Leton C. , Iskandarov Albert , Ishimoto Takayoshi , Yamamoto Tomokazu , Umeno Yoshitaka , Matsumura Syo , Koyama Michihisa 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe triple phase boundary (TPB) of metal, oxide, and gas phases in the anode of solid oxide fuel cells plays an important role in determining their performance. Here we explore the TPB structures from two aspects: atomic-resolution microscopy observation and reaction dynamics simulation. Experimentally, two distinct structures are found with different contact angles of metal/oxide interfaces, metal surfaces, and pore opening sizes, which have not previously been adopted in simulations. Reaction dynamics simulations are performed using realistic models for the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) at the TPB, based on extensive development of reactive force field parameters. As a result, the activity of different structures towards HOR is clarified, and a higher activity is obtained on the TPB with smaller pore opening size. Three HOR pathways are identified: two types of hydrogen diffusion processes, and one type of oxygen migration process which is a new pathway.
Functional iron deficiency in toxic milk mutant mice (tx-J) despite high hepatic ferroportin: a critical role of decreased GPI–ceruloplasmin expression in liver macrophages
Authors: Jończy Aneta , Lipiński Paweł , Ogórek Mateusz , Starzyński Rafał Radosław , Krzysztofik Daria , Bednarz Aleksandra , Krzeptowski Wojciech , Szudzik Mateusz , Haberkiewicz Olga , Miłoń Agnieszka , Grzmil Paweł , Lenartowicz Małgorzata 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Jackson toxic milk mutant mice (tx-J) carrying a missense mutation in the Atp7b gene are animal models of the Wilson disease. In both the Wilson patients and the tx-J mice, mutations in the ATP7B/Atp7b gene lead to disturbances in copper metabolism. The dysfunction of ATP7B/Atp7b leads to a reduction in the incorporation of copper into apoceruloplasmin; this decreases the ferroxidase activity of ceruloplasmin necessary for the efflux of iron from cells and reduces the release of copper from hepatocytes to the bile; this results in a massive hepatic copper accumulation. A decrease in the ferroxidase activity of ceruloplasmin in the tx-J mice emphasises the practicality of this animal model for the exploration of disturbances in iron balance triggered by dysregulation of copper metabolism. We found that 6-month-old tx-J mutants developed mild anaemia caused by functional iron deficiency. The tx-J mutants showed decreased plasma iron levels with concomitant iron accumulation in hepatocytes and liver macrophages. Hepatic iron retention was accompanied by decreased expression of the membrane form of ceruloplasmin in both liver cell types. Interestingly, in the liver of mutants, we found high levels of ferroportin (an iron exporter) on the surface of liver macrophages despite increased hepatic expression of hepcidin, a peptide inducing internalization and degradation of ferroportin. We conclude that even when the ferroportin expression is high, ceruloplasmin remains a limiting factor in the release of iron to the extracellular environment.
The many length scales of DNA packaging
Authors: Gilbert Nick , Allan James 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This collection of reviews focuses on the most exciting areas of DNA packaging at the current time. Many of the new discoveries are driven by the development of molecular or imaging techniques, and these are providing insights into the complex world of chromatin. As these new techniques continue to improve, we will be able to answer many of the questions we have now, while likely raising many new ones.
Von der Wunde zur Naht
Authors: Schütze Isabell 
Published: April 2019

ZusammenfassungWas ist bei der Wahl des Nahtmaterials zu beachten und welche Techniken gibt es,
um eine Wunde zu verschließen? Unsere Autorin hat einen Blick ins Fadenkabinett
geworfen und liefert die Antworten.
Zirkeltraining im OP
Authors: Schimanski Christina , Wytrieckus Thomas 
Published: April 2019

ZusammenfassungWie lässt sich ein strukturiertes Qualifikations- und Rotationssystem im OP
entwickeln? Die Kliniken Maria Hilf GmbH in Mönchengladbach nahm den
Zusammenschluss der externen OP-Bereiche in eine zentrale OP-Struktur zum
Anlass, um die Kompetenzen und das Wissen der Mitarbeiter im OP-Funktionsdienst
zu verbreitern. Wie die OP-Strukturen dadurch effektiver gestaltet werden können
und die Mitarbeiter mehr Sicherheit erhalten, schildern unsere Autoren.
Immer in Bewegung
Authors: Hiltensperger Monika 
Published: April 2019

ZusammenfassungSeit sechs Jahren springt unsere Autorin deutschlandweit in Kliniken als
selbstständige OP-Schwester oder als Zeitarbeitnehmerin ein. In dieser Zeit hat
sich viel verändert. Was sich alles gewandelt hat, schildert sie in ihrem
Erfahrungsbericht über Zeitarbeit im OP.
Trauma mit Folgen: das komplexe regionale Schmerzsyndrom
Authors: Dimova Violeta , Birklein Frank 
Published: April 2019

SummaryDas komplexe regionale Schmerzsyndrom (CRPS) ist eine seltene Schmerzerkrankung einer Extremität, die nach einer Verletzung entsteht. Etwa 2% aller Menschen entwickeln nach einem Trauma ein CRPS. Die Prognose der Erkrankung ist positiv – auch wenn sich die meisten Patienten nicht vollständig erholen, so ist doch eine wesentliche Besserung der Symptome bei frühzeitiger adäquater Behandlung zu erreichen.Der Refresher gibt ein Update zu Pathophysiologie, Diagnostik, klinischer Manifestation, Chronifizierungsfaktoren und Therapie.
Nasenausfluss beim Hund – Wie sinnvoll sind
bakteriologische und histopathologische Untersuchungen?
Authors: Rösch Sarah , Bomhard Wolf v. , Heilmann Romy M. , Oechtering Gerhard U. 
Published: April 2019

Zusammenfassung
Gegenstand und Ziel Es sollte untersucht werden, inwieweit die
bakteriologische Untersuchung von Nasenschleimhautabstrichen (BU) und die
histopathologische Untersuchung (HP) von Nasenschleimhautbioptaten bei Hunden
mit Nasenausfluss (NAF) für das Stellen einer Diagnose von Bedeutung sind.
Material und Methoden Retrospektiv wurden Patientenakten von Hunden
ausgewertet, die mit dem Hauptsymptom NAF von Januar 2015 bis Dezember 2016 in
der HNO-Abteilung der Klinik für Kleintiere vorgestellt wurden.
Ergebnisse Die Auswertung umfasste die Daten von 85 Hunden. Auf der Basis
der Ergebnisse einer Computertomografie (CT) des Kopfes, einer Rhinoskopie, der
BU und der HP wurden 6 Gruppen nach den Primärursachen klassifiziert: nasale
Neoplasie (24/85, 28 %), oronasale Defekte (22/85, 26 %), idiopathische
chronische Rhinitis (17/85, 20 %), Fremdkörper (8/85, 10 %), sinonasale
Aspergillose (7/85, 8 %) und pathologische Veränderungen des Nasenspiegels (NSP;
7/85, 8 %). Bei brachyzephalen Hunden (14/85, 17 %) stellten oronasale Defekte
(8/14, 57 %) mit Abstand die häufigste Ursache für NAF dar. Eine bakterielle
Infektion der Nasenschleimhaut war bei keinem Tier die Primärursache für NAF und
daher nicht allein mit einem Antibiotikum zu therapieren. Dennoch waren 72 % der
Tiere antibiotisch vorbehandelt. Die BU zeigte Sekundärerreger, die für keine
Primärursache charakteristisch waren. Die HP erwies sich nur für die
endoskopisch kontrollierte Probenentnahme von Tumorgewebe als diagnostisch.
Nicht diagnostisch waren dagegen die Biopsie von Nasenschleimhaut und die
Bestimmung des Entzündungstyps.
Schlussfolgerungen NAF ist beim Hund häufig Folge einer gravierenden
Grunderkrankung, die zu bleibenden Schäden bis hin zum Tod führen kann. Daher
bedarf es einer frühzeitigen weiterführenden Diagnostik in Narkose. Die
Rhinoskopie als zentrales Diagnostikum wird durch CT und Biopsie ergänzt. Eine
bakteriologische Untersuchung des Nasenausflusses ermöglicht keine Diagnose der
zugrunde liegenden Primärerkrankung.
Klinische Relevanz Ohne Diagnose ist die Anwendung von Antibiotika bei
Hunden mit NAF nicht indiziert, bei Tumorerkrankungen oder einer Pilzinfektion
sogar schädlich. Bei Tumorverdacht sollten Bioptate unter endoskopischer Sicht
gewonnen werden, da Blindbiopsien häufig benachbartes Gewebe erfassen und zu
einer falschen Diagnose führen.
Schulterbeschwerden behandeln mit Mikrosystem-Akupunktur
Authors: Gleditsch Jochen , Irnich Dominik 
Published: April 2019

SummaryFür die Behandlung von Schulterschmerzen bietet sich die Mikrosystem-Akupunktur an, da sich mit ihr aus Erfahrung oft unmittelbare Besserungen von Schmerz und Funktionsstörungen erreichen lassen. Diese häufig zu beobachtenden Soforteffekte sind motivierend für den Patienten, denn sie vermitteln die Botschaft, dass die Schulter nicht „kaputt“ ist. Außerdem optimieren sie die Bedingungen für die Physiotherapie und Eigenübungen. Die Integration der Mikrosystem-Akupunktur in eine umfassende individuelle Körperakupunktur ist bei chronischen Verläufen ratsam.Dieser Beitrag stellt die Behandlung von Schulterbeschwerden detailliert, praktisch und pragmatisch dar.