bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive integral terminal sliding mode control of unmanned bicycle via ELM and barrier function
Authors: Chen Long , Jin Zhihui , Shao Ke , Wang Guangyi , He Shuping , Stojanovic Vladimir , Bahri Parisa Arabzadeh , Wang Hai 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this paper, an unmanned bicycle (UB) with a reaction wheel is designed, and a second-order mathematical model with uncertainty is established. In order to achieve excellent balancing performance of the UB system, an adaptive controller is designed, which is composed of nominal feedback control, compensating control using extreme learning machine observer and reaching control via integral terminal sliding mode (ITSM) and barrier function (BF)-based adaptive law. Owing to the features of BF-based ITSM (BFITSM), not only any uncertainty or disturbance upper bound is not needed any longer but also the finite-time convergence of the closed-loop system can be ensured with a predefined error bound. Moreover, the BF-based control gain can be adaptively adjusted according to the update of the lumped uncertainty such that the overestimation is removed. The stability analysis of the closed-loop system is given according to Lyapunov theory. Comparable experimental results on an actual UB are carried out to validate the superior balancing performance of the proposed controller.
Express[p] in expressive phonology: analysis of a nicknaming pattern using ‘princess’ in Japanese
Authors: Kumagai Gakuji 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRecent studies have shown that sound-symbolic patterns can be modelled using phonological theory. The purpose of the current study is to describe a new Japanese nicknaming pattern, pime-yobi, wherein [h] alternates with [p] to express cuteness, and to model it using Maximum Entropy Harmonic Grammar. The current study, building on the analysis of Alderete & Kochetov (2017), proposes a sound-symbolic constraint, Express[p], which requires output forms to contain [p]. The results of two experiments show that Japanese speakers found names containing [p]s to be cuter than those without them and that pime-yobi nicknaming exhibits intra- and inter-speaker variation in acceptability and cuteness. Based on these results, theoretical analysis shows that the weight of Express[p] varies both across different speakers and within the same speaker.
Ireland and the Antarctic Treaty System
Authors: Hughes Kevin A. , Hughes Katherine A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIreland has a rich Antarctic history, with Bransfield, Crozier, Shackleton, Crean and others acting as key Irish individuals in Antarctic exploration. Recognized as a source of Irish national pride, memorials, stamps, coins and a government research vessel all commemorate their polar feats. Today, a large proportion of Ireland's citizens visit the Antarctic region and Irish researchers produce high levels of academic outputs on Antarctic topics relative to many other nations. However, Ireland has not acceded to any Antarctic Treaty System instruments, despite a 20 year campaign to do so by cross-party Irish politicians. Ireland has the largest population of any nation in the European Union (EU) yet to accede to the Treaty and is much larger than some existing Treaty signatory states. However, Treaty accession provides no entitlement to participate in Antarctic governance, which is reserved for Consultative Parties, and therefore undertaking the associated legal and administrative work may be considered a poor use of available resources. Ireland's attainment of consultative status would be an even more complex and resource-intensive goal, but collaboration with the EU and other global partners could be a cost-effective solution that may also indirectly support Ireland's ambitions for Observer status at the Arctic Council.
Surgical management of a giant left coronary artery aneurysm mimicking cardiac mass
Authors: Zhu Hong , Bu Haisong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe giant coronary artery aneurysm is a very rare finding (0.02% of the general population), in which the right coronary artery is most often affected by aneurysms. Herein, we present a rare case of a giant left coronary artery aneurysm involving multiple major coronary arteries and compressing the cardiac cavity. The giant coronary artery aneurysm was opened and explored under cardiopulmonary bypass, and many mixed thrombi and calcified tissue were exposed. The patient was discharged uneventfully 7 days after surgery. The best management strategy at present is based on case reports, small case series, and personal experience. Treatment must be individualized according to the aetiology, location, symptoms, size, disease progression, the existence of infection, and the degree of any coexisting atherosclerosis. Surgery is a good alternative, particularly if a giant coronary artery aneurysm has a high risk of rupture and compressing the cardiac cavity. Even today, the treatment strategy is still open to debate and a clear evidence-based management strategy has not been established.
STABILITY ANALYSIS FOR STOCHASTIC MCKEAN–VLASOV EQUATION
Authors: SHI C. , WANG W. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The pth (

$p\geq 1$

) moment exponential stability, almost surely exponential stability and stability in distribution for stochastic McKean–Vlasov equation are derived based on some distribution-dependent Lyapunov function techniques.
A New GRACE Downscaling Approach for Deriving High‐Resolution Groundwater Storage Changes Using Ground‐Based Scaling Factors
Authors: Li Huixiang , Pan Yun , Yeh Pat J.‐F. , Zhang Chong , Huang Zhiyong , Xu Li , Wang Haigang , Zeng Linghai , Gong Huili , Famiglietti James S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTo compensate for the coarse resolution of groundwater storage (GWS) estimation by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites and make better use of available observed groundwater‐level (GWL) data in some aquifers, a ground‐based scaling factor (SF) method is proposed here to derive high‐resolution GRACE GWS estimates. Improvement is achieved by using the gridded SF derived from assimilating ground‐based GWL observations. The proposed SF method is tested on the North China Plain (NCP, ∼140,000 km2), where a dense network of observation wells and a consistently estimated specific yield (SY) data set are available, to demonstrate its effectiveness and practical applications. The sensitivities of SF‐estimated GWS accuracy to the specification of SY and the assimilation of GWL observation data are explored through four designed numerical experiments. Results show that this novel ground‐based method can reduce the impact of SY uncertainty on GWS estimates, particularly in regions with more pronounced regional GWS trends. The accuracy of SF‐estimated GWS is primarily determined by whether the assimilated wells can reflect the regionally averaged GWS trend. GWS accuracy is less dependent on the number of available wells assimilated. The estimated GWS trend (2004–2015) in NCP is −32.6 ± 1.3 mm/yr (−4.6 ± 0.2 km3/yr), with contrasting GWS trends found in the west Piedmont Plain (∼54,000 km2, with a loss of −66.8 mm/yr) and the coastal Eastern Plain (∼20,000 km2, and a gain of +7.2 mm/yr). Despite the limitations of regional and time scale dependence inherent in SF method, this study highlights the benefits of assimilating in situ observed GWL data instead of using model simulations in estimating SF to downscale GRACE GWS to the higher‐resolution that is desired by local water resources management.
Spatially Compounding Drought Events in Brazil
Authors: Gesualdo Gabriela C. , Benso Marcos R. , Mendiondo Eduardo M. , Brunner Manuela I. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSpatially compounding drought events affect multiple locations simultaneously, severely affecting food, water, energy, human health, and infrastructure sectors. Despite the cascading impacts and challenges compound droughts impose on society, we still lack an in‐depth understanding of spatially connected drought occurrences. Given the complexity and costs of droughts in Brazil, identifying regions prone to co‐experiencing droughts is critical for developing effective adaptation measures. Here, we develop a novel framework to assess the spatial co‐occurrence of hydrological drought events, which can be adapted for global applications to evaluate spatially compounding drought. This framework involves extracting drought data from individual catchments and calculating the co‐occurrence of droughts across all catchments. We apply this method to investigate the spatial connectedness of droughts in 511 Brazilian catchments over 39 years (1983–2022). Additionally, we classify catchments based on drought duration, intensity, deficit, number of events, and spatial connectedness to identify regions with similar drought behavior. Our findings reveal significant variability in drought characteristics and connectedness across Brazil, with the Central‐Northeast and Northwest Amazon regions being most affected by multiple and widespread droughts. We identify five distinct regions in Brazil that exhibit common drought behaviors, sharing attributes such as aridity, catchment area, and precipitation seasonality. These regions hold the potential to guide future adaptation plans for managing hydrological compound extremes at both the catchment and regional scales, including the development of risk pool networks. Our results underscore the importance of considering the interactions of spatially compounding hydrological droughts in risk assessments and adaptation strategies.
Land Reclamation Controls on Multi‐Centennial Estuarine Evolution
Authors: Schrijvershof R. A. , van Maren D. S. , Van der Wegen M. , Hoitink A. J. F. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLand reclamations influence the morphodynamic evolution of estuaries and tidal basins, because an altered planform changes tidal dynamics and associated residual sediment transport. The morphodynamic response time to land reclamation is long, impacting the system for decades to centuries. Other human interventions (e.g., deepening of fairways or port construction) will add more morphodynamic adaptation timescales. Our understanding of the cumulative effects of anthropogenic interference with estuaries is limited because observations usually do not cover the complete morphological adaptation period. We aim to assess the impact of land reclamation works and other human interventions on an estuarine system by means of digital reconstructions of historical morphologies of the Ems Estuary over the past 500 years. Our analysis demonstrates that the intertidal‐subtidal area ratio altered due to land reclamation works and that the ratio partly restored after land reclamation ended. The land reclamation works have led to the degeneration of an ebb and flood channel system, transitioning the estuary from a multichannel to a single channel system. We infer that the 20th‐century intensification of channel dredging and re‐alignment works accelerated rather than caused this development. The centennial‐scale observations show that the Ems estuary evolution corresponds to a land reclamation response following tidal asymmetry‐based stability theory as it moves toward a new equilibrium configuration with modified tidal flats and channels. Considering the long history of land reclamation in the Ems Estuary, it provides an analogy for expected developments in comparable tidal systems where land reclamations were recently carried out.
Association of Long‐Term Exposure to PM2.5 Constituents and Green Space With Arthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: He Yi‐Sheng , Xu Yi‐Qing , Cao Fan , Gao Zhao‐Xing , Ge Man , He Tian , Zhang Peng , Zhao Chan‐Na , Wang Peng , Xu Zhiwei , Pan Hai‐Feng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThere is limited evidence regarding the effects of long‐term exposure to PM2.5 constituents on the risk of arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, and the interaction between PM2.5 and green space remains unclear. This study examined the relationship between long‐term exposure to PM2.5 constituents and the risk of arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, with the exposure period extending from recruitment until self‐reported outcomes, death, loss to follow‐up, or end of follow‐up. Additionally, the study assessed whether there was an interactive effect between PM2.5 and green space on these risks. We gathered cohort data on 18,649 individuals aged ≥45 years. We applied generalized linear mixed‐effects models to estimate the effects of PM2.5 constituents, NDVI, and their interaction on arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. The quantile g‐computation and weighted quantile sum regression model were applied to estimate the combined effect of PM2.5 constituents. Our results showed that exposure to single and mixed PM2.5 constituents adversely affected arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, and was mainly attributed to the black carbon component. We observed “U” or “J” shaped exposure‐response curves for the effects of PM2.5, OM, NO3− and NH4+ exposure on the development of arthritis/rheumatoid arthritis. Additionally, the odds ratio of arthritis for per interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM2.5 was 1.209 (95% CI:1.198, 1.221), per 0.1‐unit decrease in NDVI was 1.091 (95% CI:1.033, 1.151), and the interaction term was 1.005 (95% CI:1.002, 1.007). These findings flesh out the existing evidence for PM2.5 constituents, NDVI and arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, but the underlying mechanisms still require further exploration.
Retrieving Estimates of the Storm‐Relative Wind Profile From the Vertical Variation of Hydrometeor Size Sorting Signatures
Authors: Loeffler Scott D. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRaindrop fall speed increases with raindrop size. Because larger raindrops fall through a given layer of the atmosphere more quickly compared to smaller raindrops, they spend less time in the layer and, therefore, have less time to be acted on and advected by the storm‐relative winds. This results in hydrometeor size sorting which impacts the polarimetric radar variables such as differential reflectivity and specific differential phase . Previous work has shown a strong correlation between the mean storm‐relative wind in the sorting layer and the separation between regions of enhanced and at the bottom of the sorting layer. This study leverages this finding, along with a simple size sorting model, to construct radar‐derived estimates of the storm‐relative wind profile. The radar‐derived “pseudo‐hodographs” are well‐correlated with the magnitude and direction of the corresponding storm‐relative wind profiles. Further, these radar‐derived estimates of the storm‐relative winds are used to calculate estimates of shear and storm‐relative helicity, which also exhibit a strong correlation.
Observed Responses of Gravity Wave Momentum Fluxes to the Madden‒Julian Oscillation Around the Extratropical Mesopause Using Mohe Meteor Radar Observations
Authors: Zhou Xu , Liu Libo , Yue Xinan , Chen Guiwan , Lu Xian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe 12‐year continuous observation of gravity wave momentum fluxes (GWMFs) estimated by the Mohe meteor radar (53.5°N, 122.3°E) revealed prominent intraseasonal variability around the extratropical mesopause (82–94 km) during boreal winters. Composite analysis of the December‒January‒February (DJF) season according to the Madden‒Julian Oscillation (MJO) phases revealed that the zonal GWMFs notably increased in MJO Phase 4 (P4) by ∼2–4 m2/s2, and a Monte Carlo test was designed to examine the statistical significance. The response in zonal winds lags behind the GWMF response by two MJO phases (i.e., 1/2π), indicating a “force‒response” interaction between them. Additionally, time‐lagged composites revealed that strengthened westward GWMFs occurred ∼25–35 days after MJO P4, coincident with the MJO impact on the zonal winds in the stratosphere. The analysis results also suggested that the mechanism of MJO by which the MJO influences the stratospheric circulation might involve poleward propagating effects of stationary planetary waves with zonal wavenumber one. This work emphasizes the importance of GW intraseasonal variability, which impacts tropical sources from the troposphere to the extratropical mesopause.
Bifurcation Instability Modulated by a Connecting Channel Leads to Periodic Water Partitioning in a Simple Channel Network
Authors: Gao Weilun , Wang Zheng Bing , Kleinhans Maarten G. , Shao Dongdong , Zhu Zhenchang , Yang Zhifeng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWater and mass transport in distributary channel networks play an important role in nourishing fluvial and coastal wetlands, and are largely determined by the morphological configurations of channel bifurcations. While the morphological equilibrium of a single channel bifurcation has been extensively studied, the equilibrium configurations of channel networks with connecting channels linking the bifurcating branches, that is, the “bifurcation‐connecting channel” units that are commonly found in rivers, deltas and estuaries, remain elusive. In this simple yet representative channel network of the “bifurcation‐connecting channel” unit, we observed through numerical simulations an oscillatory water partitioning under moderate Shields stress and channel aspect ratio, in addition to the steady‐state solutions reported in previous studies. The oscillatory water partitioning indicates a newly discovered periodic solution, which is an emergent behavior under constant boundary conditions. We found that the periodic solution is primarily due to the dynamic interactions between bifurcation instability and water surface slope advantage in the two branches modulated by the reversable discharges through the connecting channel, under moderate Shields stress and channel aspect ratio. In such cases, the developed slope advantage in the subordinate branch can suppress the deepening of the dominant branch and eventually lead to the shifting of the dominant branch. In contrast, the channel network attains a steady‐state solution when the slope advantage or the bifurcation instability is dominant with relatively low and high Shields stress (or channel aspect ratio). Our results improve the understanding on the evolution and restoration of channel networks under increasing human interventions in global deltas.
The Importance of Impoundment interception in Simulating Riverine Dissolved Organic Carbon
Authors: Liu JiaoJiao , Liu JunZhi , Du XinZhong , Guo RenKui , Duan Zheng , Yuan BinJie , Liu YongQin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractModeling of riverine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) dynamics is of great importance for the global carbon budget. Impoundment interception changes the travel time of water and DOC from upslope contributing areas, exerting substantial influence on riverine DOC dynamics in the catchments with many impoundments. However, the impact of impoundment interception representation on riverine DOC modeling has not been evaluated so far. This study investigated to what extent impoundment interception representation affects DOC simulations using a newly developed catchment‐scale DOC model, which can represent the upslope contributing areas of impoundments and the impoundment interception process. The results showed that streamflow and DOC load simulation were well simulated regardless of whether impoundment interception was represented, but the simulation of DOC concentrations was satisfiable only when impoundment interception was taken into account. The simulation without impoundment interception produced unrealistic fluctuation of DOC concentration due to the direct mixing of DOC from different sources with contrasting concentration gradients. These results underscored the significance of employing an appropriate model structure for riverine DOC simulation. It is strongly recommended that DOC concentration be utilized for model evaluation in order to attain robust simulation outcomes. Moreover, the newly developed model in this study keeps a balance between the completeness of process presentation and model complexity, occupying a unique “ecological niche” among catchment‐scale riverine DOC models.
Genome-first determination of the prevalence and penetrance of eight germline myeloid malignancy predisposition genes: a study of two population-based cohorts
Authors: Hendricks Rachel M. , Kim Jung , Haley Jeremy S. , Ramos Mark Louie , Mirshahi Uyenlinh L. , Carey David J. , Stewart Douglas R. , McReynolds Lisa J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
It is estimated that 10% of individuals with a myeloid malignancy carry a germline susceptibility. Using the genome-first approach, in which individuals were ascertained on genotype alone, rather than clinical phenotype, we quantified the prevalence and penetrance of pathogenic germline variants in eight myeloid malignancy predisposition (gMMP) genes. ANKRD26, CEBPA, DDX41, MECOM, SRP72, ETV6, RUNX1 and GATA2, were analyzed from the Geisinger MyCode DiscovEHR (n = 170,503) and the United Kingdom Biobank (UKBB, n = 469,595). We identified a high risk of myeloid malignancies (MM) (odds ratio[OR] all genes: DiscovEHR, 4.6 [95% confidential interval (CI) 2.1–9.7], p < 0.0001; UKBB, 6.0 [95% CI 4.3–8.2], p = 3.1 × 10-27), and decreased overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] DiscovEHR, 1.8 [95% CI 1.3–2.6], p = 0.00049; UKBB, 1.4 [95% CI 1.2–1.8], p = 8.4 × 10-5) amongst heterozygotes. Pathogenic DDX41 variants were the most commonly identified, and in UKBB showed a significantly increased risk of MM (OR 5.7 [95% CI 3.9–8.3], p = 6.0 × 10-20) and increased all-cause mortality (HR 1.35 [95% CI 1.1–1.7], p = 0.0063). Through a genome-first approach, this study genetically ascertained individuals with a gMMP and determined their MM risk and survival.
Biallelic variants in CCN2 underlie an autosomal recessive kyphomelic dysplasia
Authors: Singh Swati , Danda Sumita , Sharma Neetu , Shah Hitesh , Madhuri Vrisha , Mir Tariq Altaf , Padala Nadia Zipporah , Medishetti Raghavender , Ekbote Alka , Bhavani Gandham SriLakshmi , Sevilimedu Aarti , Girisha Katta M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractKyphomelic dysplasia is a rare heterogenous group of skeletal dysplasia, characterized by bowing of the limbs, severely affecting femora with distinct facial features. Despite its first description nearly four decades ago, the precise molecular basis of this condition remained elusive until the recent discovery of de novo variants in the KIF5B-related kyphomelic dysplasia. We ascertained two unrelated consanguineous families with kyphomelic dysplasia. They had six affected offsprings and we performed a detailed clinical evaluation, skeletal survey, and exome sequencing in three probands. All the probands had short stature, cleft palate, and micro-retrognathia. Radiographs revealed kyphomelic femora, bowing of long bones, radial head dislocations and mild platyspondyly. We noted two novel homozygous variants in CCN2 as possible candidates that segregated with the phenotype in the families: a missense variant c.443G>A; p.(Cys148Tyr) in exon 3 and a frameshift variant, c.779_786del; p.(Pro260LeufsTer7) in exon 5. CCN2 is crucial for proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes. Earlier studies have shown that Ccn2-deficient mice exhibit twisted limbs, short and kinked sterna, broad vertebrae, domed cranial vault, shorter mandibles, and cleft palate. We studied the impact of CCN2 knockout in zebrafish models via CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing. F0 knockouts of ccn2a in zebrafish showed altered body curvature, impaired cartilage formation in craniofacial region and either bent or missing tails. Our observations in humans and zebrafish combined with previously described skeletal phenotype of Ccn2 knock out mice, confirm that biallelic loss of function variants in CCN2 result in an autosomal recessive kyphomelic dysplasia.