bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insulin signaling pathway in the masseter muscle of dexamethasone-treated rats
Authors: França Igor Rabelo de , Meneses-Santos Daniela , Moreira Gabriela Virginia , Lima Fábio Bessa , Carvalho Carla Roberta de Oliveira , Marçal Anderson Carlos 
Published: October 2018

Background and aims
The treatment with glucocorticoids may induce molecular changes in the level and/or degree of phosphorylation of proteins located downstream of the insulin receptor/insulin-like growth factor receptor (IR/IGF1R) in many tissues. However, few studies have investigated the intracellular insulin pathway in the masseter muscle. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the IR/IGF1R signaling pathway in the masseter muscle of rats treated with dexamethasone.

Materials and methods
Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: control group (intraperitoneally injected with 0.9% NaCl solution) and dexamethasone group [intraperitoneally injected with 1 mg/kg (bw) dexamethasone solution] for 10 consecutive days. Sections of the masseter muscle were removed at time zero and after the infusion of regular insulin into the portal vein.

Results
Dexamethasone administration induces body weight loss without changing masseter muscle weight and reduces the expression of total IR and PI3K proteins; total levels of IRS1, Akt, and ERK1 remain unchanged between groups. The degree of phosphorylation/activity of IRS1 after insulin stimulus increased only in the control group; degree of phosphorylation of Akt increased in both groups, but this increase was attenuated in the dexamethasone group.

Discussion and conclusion
The degree of phosphorylation/activity in the masseter muscle is different from that in other muscle territories.
Filipino Explanatory Models of Cleft Lip with or without Cleft Palate
Authors: Daack-Hirsch Sandra , Gamboa Henrietta 
Published: October 2018

Objective To describe beliefs about the cause, prevention, and treatment of cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL±P) among working class people and health care workers in the Philippines. Design and Setting The study was a focused ethnography and took place in the province of Negros Occidental, Philippines. Participants Using a stratified purposeful recruitment strategy, 80 individuals were selected for study. They were categorized into three groups: those having a CL±P or a child with a CL±P, those who neither had a CL±P nor child with CL±P, and health care workers. Methods Kleinman's explanatory models of illness theory were used to elicit Filipino explanations for CL±P. Data were collected through guided individual and group informant interviews and analyzed through content analysis. Results Filipinos reported that inheritance, falls, cravings, environmental factors, and God's will were causes for CL±P. Beliefs about prevention of CL±P included limiting the number of children, being careful not to fall, and avoiding environmental factors. It was found that general causal explanations for CL±P were not always congruent with personal causal explanations, and general/personal causal explanations for CL±P were not always congruent with prevention explanations. Conclusion By eliciting patients’ explanations for CL±P and comparing these with their own, clinicians can find commonalities between divergent explanations and use these as a starting point from which to improve health outcomes. Findings from this study will be used to guide the design of health campaigns regarding CL±P in the Philippines.
A Case of Ring Chromosome 18 Syndrome Treated with a Combined Orthodontic-Prosthodontic Approach
Authors: Okuma Mizue , Hamada Takashi , Motohashi Nobuyoshi , Moriyama Keiji 
Published: October 2018

Objective The aim of this study was to report the case of a Japanese subject with ring chromosome 18 syndrome. A cephalometric analysis was performed, and the treatment procedure is described. Design Lateral and posteroanterior cephalograms were compared with Japanese norms. Dental anomalies were evaluated by a model analysis. The outcome of orthodontic-prosthodontic treatment was evaluated by comparing cephalograms during the course of treatment. Results The cephalometric analysis showed a reduction in the cranial base length and cranial width, midfacial depth, and height and width. Comparison of lateral cephalograms at age 16 years 6 months and 22 years 4 months showed late growth of the mandible. The model analysis showed that all of the teeth, except for the mandibular canine, were small. Conclusions Characteristic craniofacial and dental anomalies were clarified. Successful oral rehabilitation was achieved by combined orthodontic-prosthodontic treatment.
Observations Presenting Examples of Missing Palate
Authors: Horowitz Sidney L. , Chabora Alice J. , Horowitz Sidney L. 
Published: October 2018

The following “Observation” appeared (In Latin) in the Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina of 1757 and to our knowledge has never been published in the English literature. We came across the report in the early 1970s while preparing the report “Cleft lip and cleft palate: one genetic system” (Chabora and Horowitz, 1974). The 1757 paper was translated by a member of the Columbia University Greek and Latin Department, but reached us too late for inclusion In our references. Forgotten for many years, the paper, and its translation, recently came to light in our files. Christopher Jacob Trew's clear description of penetrance and expressivity in a kindred in which both cleft lip and palate and isolated cleft palate are segregating may be something of an historic curiosity at this point, but we expect that others will enjoy reading this early example of a careful and thoughtful pedigree study.
Major Residual Deformities in Cleft Patients: A New Anthropometric Approach
Authors: Vegter Florine , Mulder J. Wiebe , Hage J. Joris 
Published: October 2018

Objective A new method based on anthropometric ratios and inclinations was evaluated to confirm or reject whether residual deformities in cleft patients' faces differ significantly from faces without previous clefts. Design, Setting, and Patients From a retrospective, a selective review of our clinical flies, seven measurements were made on 156 photographs of the faces of 52 patients aged 19 to 25 years. Three ratios and two inclination angles were recorded for each patient. Results The primary hypothesis could be confirmed: the anthropometric ratios and angles used to express major residual deformities in cleft lip and nose patients differ significantly from normal values. Conclusion This new method allows for objective measurement and evaluation of both the stigmata and the outcome of their treatment.
Radiographic Assessment of Secondary Autogenous Alveolar Bone Grafting in Cleft Lip and Palate Patients
Authors: Kindelan Jeremy D. , Nashed Robert R. , Bromige Michael R. 
Published: October 2018

Objective To assess if a 4-point, radiographically based scale could be used between operators to reliably assess the success of secondary alveolar bone grafting. Design The study was retrospective with the clinicians blind to patient identity. Radiographs were examined twice by two clinicians with 1 week between assessments. Setting The research was carried out in a hospital-based orthodontic/oral and maxillofacial unit. Patients All patients who had secondary alveolar bone grafting in this unit between February 1992 and March 1995 were included In this study. There were 38 patients with a total of 48 grafted sites. Interventions The bone graft site was radiographed following orthodontic expansion prior to grafting. The radiograph was repeated postoperatively at a mean of 4 months after surgery. Main Outcome Measure The degree of bony fill in the cleft area was assessed using a 4-point scale: Grade 1 >75% bony fill; Grade 2 50–75% bony fill; Grade 3 < 50% bony fill; Grade 4 no complete bony bridge. Results Overall, 50% of grafts achieved grade 1, 23% were grade 2, 22% grade 3, and 5% grade 4. Levels of intra- and inter-observer agreement were highly variable (.33 to .72 kappa statistic). Conclusions The 4-point scale described could be used to assess the success of autogenous secondary alveolar bone grafting. It showed moderate to substantial intra-observer agreement, and fair-to-moderate inter-observer agreement.
Evaluation of the Results of Cleft Lip and Palate Surgical Treatment: Preliminary Report
Authors: Mortier P.B. , Martinot V.L. , Anastassov Y. , Kulik J.F. , Duhamel A. , Pellerin Ph. N. 
Published: October 2018

Objective The aim of this study was to present a measuring tool, in the form of a dual-rating grid, for preoperative appearance and postoperative results in the treatment of labionasal clefts. Methods This study was carried out on 43 children with partial unilateral clefts, operated on using a derivation of Millard's technique. The preoperative initial severity score (ISS) was the sum of points each corresponding to a precise anatomic anomaly. A severe cleft was given a rating of 6, and a mild cleft a rating of 1. The postoperative results score (PRS) was the sum of points corresponding to residual or acquired anatomic anomalies: a good result was given 0.5, and a poor result 3.5. Each score was a mark given separately and agreed on by two surgeons. To compare the rating grids, the correlation between the ISS and the PRS was calculated. Results Twenty-four patients had an ISS less than 5; 19 patients had an IGS more than or equal to 5. Marks for the PRS were between 0.5 and 3.5 with the majority at 1 to 1.5. Conclusion This study demonstrates the coherent connection between these two pre- and postoperative rating grids.
Three-Dimensional Study of Growth and Development of the Nose
Authors: Ferrario Virgilio F. , Sforza Chiarella , Poggio Carlo E. , Schmitz Johannes H. 
Published: October 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe normal nasal growth in a large sample of boys and girls from 6 to 14 years of age, to compare nasal development at 14 years of age with its adult dimensions, and to evaluate differences in growth patterns between males and females. Design: Growth and development of the nose were analyzed through the three- dimensional facial morphometry method. One thousand thirteen examinations were performed on 402 children between 6 and 14 years of age and on 101 adults. Three-dimensional coordinates of five nasal landmarks were collected. Eleven parameters including nasal volume and external surface were calculated and averaged for age and sex. Results: Volume, surface, and linear distances were larger in males than in females, with the exception of the 11-to-12 age group, where a sharp female growth spurt was present. In males, the growth spurt was broader, and continued to 13 years of age at a nearly steady rate. Statistically significant gender differences could be found both in the adult group and before the adolescent growth spurt. Conclusions: Our findings are in general agreement with previous reports on craniofacial growth, which suggested a strong tendency in males for growth to continue for several years beyond that seen in females.
Presurgical and Postsurgical Mental and Psychomotor Development of Infants with Sagittal Synostosis
Authors: Speltz Matthew L. , Endriga Marya C. , Mouradian Wendy E. 
Published: October 2018

Objective: The current study compared the mental and psychomotor development of infants with nonsyndromic sagittal synostosis (SS) with a demographically matched comparison group without congenital defects. Within the SS group, we tested the hypothesis that age of cranial release would be inversely correlated with mental development. Design: The design was prospective and longitudinal. Participants were assessed at 4, 12, and 24 months of age. Setting: The study was conducted in a craniofacial clinic at an urban children's hospital. Participants: Participants were 19 infants with SS (consecutive craniofacial program referrals) and 19 demographically matched comparison infants recruited from the community. One infant with SS did not attend the 24-month assessment. Main Outcome Measures: Mental and Psychomotor indices from the Bayley Scales of Infant Development were the primary outcome measures. Subdomains of development were created using Kohen-Raz scoring procedures. All measures were determined a priori. Results: Repeated-measures MANOVAs revealed no statistically significant differences in the developmental trajectories of the two groups. None of the SS group infants received Mental Development Index (MDI) scores in the mentally retarded or borderline range of intellectual functioning (i.e., below 78). An inverse correlation (r = −.30) was found between the age at surgery and Bayley growth curve coefficients; however, this association was not statistically significant (p = .10, one-tailed). Conclusions: Results are consistent with previous studies of the mental and psychomotor development of infants with nonsyndromic craniosynostoses in relation to normative test data. The relation between surgery age and developmental outcome merits further study in a larger sample with a greater range of surgery ages.
Observed Social Interaction Patterns in Adolescents with and without Craniofacial Conditions
Authors: Kapp-Simon Kathleen A. , Mcguire Dennis E. 
Published: October 2018

Objective: This study examined social interactions of adolescents in a natural environment (school lunch room) to determine if there were identifiable differences in social behavior between children with and without craniofacial conditions (CFC). Design: This was an observational study comparing social interaction skills of children with CFC to peers without craniofacial conditions. Setting: The observations were conducted in the respective school lunch rooms of the adolescents with CFC. Participants: Clinical subjects were 13 adolescents (4 male) with various craniofacial conditions (5 cleft lip and palate) and 12 (4 male) peers without CFC present in the same lunch room. Main Outcome Measures: An unknown observer obtained 45 minutes of structured observational data on subject initiations, responses, nondirected comments, and extended conversations over two to three lunch room periods. Data was coded on the Epson HX-20 for type, frequency, and duration of social contact. Specific measures included: subject initiations and responses, peer initiations and responses, conversations events, and nondirected comments. Results: Statistically significant differences were found between CFC and comparison subjects (CS) on each social interaction variable measured. CS initiated more contacts, received positive responses more frequently, and engaged in longer conversations than CFC subjects ([F (1,24) = 14.1, p <.01; F (1,24) = 61.2, p <.001; F (1,24) = 5.50, p <.05]. CS were approached by and responded appropriately to peers more often [F (1,24) = 28.1, p <.001; F (1,24) = 43.2, p <.001]. Subjects with CFC were more likely to produce nondirected comments (N = 7, x = 0, p < .01). Conclusions: A significant number of children with CFC behaved differently than their peers in a natural, daily occurring situation. They were often at the periphery of the group, observers rather than participants in conversation.
Personality Attributions Based on Speech Samples of Children with Repaired Cleft Palates
Authors: Berry Leigh A. , Witt Peter D. , Marsh Jeffery L. , Pilgram Thomas K. , Eder Rebecca A. 
Published: October 2018

Objective: This study examined whether or not assumptions made about personality characteristics based on speech samples differed for children with repaired cleft palates (CP) versus unaffected children. Design: Audiotapes of speech samples were presented in random order to blind raters. Patients/Participants: The subjects were 20 children (10 females, 10 males) with repaired CP and 16 control (i.e., unaffected) children (8 females, 8 males). All children were 8 to 12 years of age, Caucasian, living in the St. Louis area, and lower-middle to upper-middle class. The raters were 20 (13 females, 7 males) 6th grade Caucasian students who attend a private school in the area. Setting: Raters heard tapes in a group setting, but with individual headphones, in their school's cafeteria. Main Outcome Measure: Each speech sample was rated (7-point Likert scale) by each student rater on a variety of personality characteristics based on the “Big Five” personality factors. Results: A factor analysis of the items revealed a two-factor solution, although the factors were highly negatively correlated. No significant differences were found between ratings for the CP sample and the control sample for either factor scale (ANOVA, p = .93; p = .67). Similarly, when the two factors were combined to form a single factor, no significant differences were found between the ratings for the CP sample and the control sample (ANOVA, p = .79). Conclusions: Overall, it does not appear that children differentially associated personality characteristics based on speech to children with repaired CP versus unaffected children, in the absence of visual input.
Comparison of Nasopharyngeal Growth between Patients with Clefts and Noncleft Controls
Authors: Wada Takeshi , Satoh Koichi , Tachimura Takashi , Tatsuta Unai 
Published: October 2018

Objective: This study was a comparison of the cephalometric growth characteristics of the nasopharyngeal structures between UCLP and noncleft controls. Method: Eighty patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP group) and 82 noncleft controls (NCC group) were assigned to four develop mental stages (i.e., stage 1, at 4 years; stage 2, at 8 years; stage 3, at 12 years; and stage 4, at 17 years of age). Measurements on the anteroposterior and the vertical dimensions were derived from reference lines and points of nasopharyngeal structures on the lateral cephalograms. Results: The results showed that there were no growth differences between the two groups at any stages in the regions of cranial base and cervical vertebrae, and that growth of the posterior maxilla in the UCLP group was significantly less at any stage in both A-P and vertical dimensions than in the NCC groups. As well, the nasopharyngeal triangle (Ho-At-PMP) in the groups showed almost parallel increase with stage, though with short vertical dimension in the UCLP group, and the soft palate length in the UCLP group was significantly less at stages 2, 3, and 4 compared to that in the NCC group. The adequate ratio (soft palate length/pharyngeal depth) in the UCLP group tended to decrease and was significantly less at stage 4 compared to that in the NCC group. Conclusions: These results indicate that the growth of the cranial base and the upper cervical vertebrae is independent of the effect of clefts or of surgeries on clefts, and that the growth inhibition at the posterior maxilla results in morphologic disharmony of upper nasopharyngeal structures. This could be a potential factor for the reappearance of velopharyngeal incompetence at a later age.
Placement of Endosseous Implants in Grafted Alveolar Clefts
Authors: Kearns Gerard , Perrott David H. , Sharma Arun , Kaban Leonard B. , Vargervik Karin 
Published: October 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal timing for placement and to evaluate short- and long-term outcomes of endosseous implants in bone-grafted alveolar clefts. Design: Fourteen patients who underwent alveolar cleft bone grafting (ACBG) and closure of an oronasal fistula followed by restoration of the missing lateral incisor tooth using endosseous implants (EI) were studied. The oronasal fistulae were closed using local flaps, and the alveolus was grafted with fresh autogenous iliac marrow. Endosseous implants were placed a minimum of 4 months following ACBG. The average age at ACBG was 20.35 years (range, 12–65 yr), and at implant placement 22.2 years (range, 15–66 yr). It was necessary to regraft the alveolar cleft region in six patients to provide adequate bone volume for implant placement. Those who required alveolar regrafting had an increased mean interval between the initial ACBG and planned implant placement compared to the patients with adequate bone available for implant placement 26.4 months (range, 4–46 mo) versus 15.75 months (range, 4–36 mo). Results: Twenty-nine implants were placed in 14 patients, 9 outside of the cleft region and 20 in grafted alveolar clefts. Eighteen of 20 (90%) implants in the bone-grafted alveolar clefts have been successfully restored. The mean followup after implant placement was 39.1 months (range, 1–54 mo), and after restoration 28.5 months (range, 1–47 mo). Conclusions: Endosseous implants can be placed in bone-grafted alveolar clefts. Consideration should be given to the adequacy of graft volume and ridge morphology at the time of ACBG. The interval between ACBG and implant placement is important. The greater the interval beyond 4 months, the more likely there will be inadequate bone volume to accept an implant.
An Evaluation of a Noninvasive Method of Assessing Alveolar Bone Levels in an Experimental Model of Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Lawson Robert B. , Jones Malcolm. L. 
Published: October 2018

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate an ultrasound mucous-membrane-thickness-measuring device as a noninvasive, nonionizing alternative to radiography in the assessment of alveolar bone grafting. Design This was a prospective experimental study on porcine cadaver models. Method An ultrasound technique (Krupp SDM) was assessed ex vivo on three specially developed porcine cadaver models in comparison to radiography and ridge-mapping. Direct measurement of the mucosal thickness provided a standard for comparison. In each model, 30 measurement sites were identified for comparison of the techniques. Results All measurement techniques demonstrated clinically acceptable re-producibility. Of the clinical measurement techniques, radiography proved to be the most reliable, showing a small, nonsignificant statistical difference from direct measurement. Both the ultrasound technique and ridge-mapping showed significant tendencies to underestimate mucosal thickness that became greater with increasing mucosal thickness. At sites where mucosal thickness was less than 6 mm, the ultrasound technique underestimated mucosal thickness by 0.6 mm on average. At sites where mucosal thickness exceeded 6 mm, ultrasonic artifacts rendered the ultrasound technique unreliable. Conclusion The ultrasound technique could prove to be a useful clinical adjunct to radiography in the assessment of alveolar bone grafts, but in this particular application, care should be taken when using it to assess deeper alveolar defects.