bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combining Autologous Breast Reconstruction and Vascularized Lymph Node Transfer
Authors: Masià Jaume , Smith Mark , Chang Edward 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBreast cancer patients are at risk for developing postmastectomy lymphedema syndrome of the ipsilateral upper extremity following treatment for breast cancer in the setting of an axillary dissection, postoperative radiation, and chemotherapy. For patients suffering from lymphedema who are also seeking breast reconstruction, combining an autologous abdominal free flap with a vascularized inguinal lymph node transfer provides patients the opportunity to have an aesthetic breast reconstruction as well as the potential to improve their lymphedema in a single operation. The present article aims to provide a description of the salient features of this approach including the preoperative preparation, the surgical technique, the postoperative management and complications, and a summary of the outcomes.
Liposuction Treatment of Lymphedema
Authors: Schaverien Mark , Munnoch D. , Brorson Håkan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn the Western world, lymphedema most commonly occurs following treatment of cancer. Limb reductions have been reported utilizing various conservative therapies including manual lymph and pressure therapy, as well as by microsurgical reconstruction involving lymphovenous shunts and transplantation of lymph vessels or nodes. Failure of these conservative and surgical treatments to provide complete reduction in patients with long-standing pronounced lymphedema is due to the persistence of excess newly formed subcutaneous adipose tissue in response to slow or absent lymph flow, which is not removed in patients with chronic non-pitting lymphedema. Traditional surgical regimes utilizing bridging procedures, total excision with skin grafting, or reduction plasty seldom achieved acceptable cosmetic and functional results. Liposuction removes the hypertrophied adipose tissue and is a prerequisite to achieve complete reduction, and this reduction is maintained long-term through constant (24 h) use of compression garments postoperatively. This article describes the techniques and evidence basis for the use of liposuction for treatment of lymphedema.
Anatomy of the Lymphatic System and the Lymphosome Concept with Reference to Lymphedema
Authors: Scaglioni Mario , Suami Hiroo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPrecise knowledge of the lymphatic system normal anatomy is essential for understanding what structural changes occur in patients with lymphedema. In this article, the authors first review previous anatomical studies and summarize the general anatomy of the lymphatic system and lymphatic pathways in the upper and lower extremities. Second, they introduce their new anatomical concept, the “lymphosome,” which describes how the lymphatic vessels in a particular region connect to the same subgroup of regional lymph nodes. In addition, they describe the anatomical relationship between the perforating lymphatic vessels and arteries. In the last section, they explain the anatomical changes in the lymphatics after lymph node dissection, with reference to secondary lymphedema.
Morbidity and Volumetric Progression in Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma in a Long-Term Follow-Up
Authors: Mosimann Marc , Vital Domenic , Holzmann David , Epprecht Lorenz 
Published: April 2018

Objective We compare the open and transnasal approaches for the excision of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas regarding the rate of morbidity, and residual tumor and its symptomatic recurrence over time. In addition, we present volumetric measurements of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas over time.
Methods All surgically treated patients of our institution were reviewed back to 1969 for type of surgery, residual tumor by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based volumetry, recurrence, and morbidity. We performed a prospective clinical and radiological follow-up on reachable patients.
Results In total, 40 patients were retrievable from our records. We were able to follow up on 13 patients after a mean of 15.7 years since surgery (range: 1–47 years). Patients operated by the open approach had a higher rate of postoperative complications and thus a higher morbidity than endoscopic patients (4/4 vs 3/9; p = 0.007), although tumor sizes were equal among groups (p = 0.12). Persisting tumor was noted in 3/4 and 4/9 (p = 0.56) patients, respectively. The corresponding mean volumes of residual tumors were 16.2 ± 14.4 cm3 and 10.8 ± 6.6 cm3 (p = 0.27). No progression could be noted in endoscopically treated patients (p = 0.24, mean time between scans 2 years).
Conclusions Our analysis shows that the endoscopic approach results in less morbidity. The open approach does not guarantee freedom from persisting tumor tissue. Age seems to be a most important risk factor for the conversion of an asymptomatic persistence into a symptomatic recurrence.
Revision Surgery for Vestibular Schwannomas
Authors: Chen Brian , Lorenz Mark , Lekovic Gregory , Schwartz Marc , Slattery William , Wilkinson Eric , Peng Kevin 
Published: April 2018

Objectives To describe clinical outcomes of patients undergoing revision surgery for vestibular schwannomas.
Design Retrospective case series.
Setting Tertiary private neurotologic practice.
Participants Patients who underwent revision surgeries for recurrent/residual vestibular schwannomas between 1985 and 2015.
Main Outcome Measures Degree of resection, facial nerve function, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak.
Results A total of 234 patients underwent 250 revision surgeries for recurrent/residual vestibular schwannomas. Of these, 86 carried a diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2). The mean number of prior surgeries was 1.26, and 197 (85%) prior surgeries had been performed elsewhere. The average age at surgery was 43. The most common approach employed at the time of revision surgery was translabyrinthine (87%), followed by transcochlear (6%), middle fossa (5%), and retrosigmoid (2%). Gross total resection was achieved in 212 revision surgeries (85%). Preoperative House–Brackmann facial nerve function was similar in non-NF2 and NF2 groups (mean: 2.7). Mean postoperative facial nerve function at last follow-up was 3.8 in the non-NF2 group and 3.9 in the NF2 group. History of radiation and the extent of resection were not associated with differences in facial nerve function preoperatively or postoperatively. CSF leaks occurred after 21 surgeries (8%), and six (2%) patients required reoperation.
Conclusions This is the largest series of revision surgery for vestibular schwannomas to date. Our preferred approach is the translabyrinthine craniotomy, which can be readily modified to include the transcochlear approach for improved access. CSF leak rate slightly exceeds that of primary surgery, and gross total resection is achievable in the vast majority of patients.
Lymphovenous Anastomosis Bypass Surgery
Authors: Skoracki Roman , Chang David , Chang Edward 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe field of lymphedema surgery has witnessed tremendous advancements over the years and has been coupled to the rapid growth of supermicrosurgical techniques. A lymphovenous bypass or lymphaticovenular anastomosis is a new technique that requires identification of patent, residual lymphatic channels and performing an anastomosis to a recipient venule, thereby allowing outflow of lymphatic fluid and improvement in a patient's lymphedema. This article provides a summary of the maturation of the technique, as well as the technical aspects of the approach and the current outcomes in the treatment of postmastectomy lymphedema.
Halos and Asymmetric Triangles: Designing the Eyelids with Volume Using Fillers and/or Fat
Authors: Lam Samuel 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPeriorbital aging is mainly a product of volume loss, which can be addressed with fillers and/or fat grafting. This stands in contrast to the lower face where a lifting procedure can be the principal method to improve moderate-to-significant aging. New models to explain these concepts of periorbital rejuvenation to both the surgeon and the prospective patient are outlined herein, namely, three facial halos (around the eyes, around the perimeter of the face, and around the mouth) and asymmetric triangles around the eyes. Specific techniques for fillers and fat grafting are also covered separately in detail in this article.
Hairline Restoration: Difference in Men and Woman—Length and Shape
Authors: Sturm Angela , Rodman Regina 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHair restoration has become increasingly popular in recent years with both men and women. New technologies such as follicular unit extraction and grafting have made it possible for patients to get a natural looking result with minimal downtime. Men usually experience hairline recession as a result of androgenic alopecia, while women most commonly experience thinning of the crown and vertex, with the preservation of the hairline. However, there is a growing population of women who wish to advance their hairline forward because of congenital high hairline, traction alopecia, or previous facial cosmetic surgery. There are several key differences between the female and male hairline. Understanding such differences and following certain guidelines will help the facial plastic surgeon to obtain beautiful and natural appearing results.
The Trichophytic and Lateral Temporal Lifts: Application to the Focal Elevation of the Aging Lateral Eyebrow
Authors: Fedok Fred 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRejuvenation of the upper face is a key component of overall facial rejuvenation. The upper face is probably the most important purveyor of our sense of well-being and our primary transmittal of nonverbal social interaction. There are many aspects to the aging changes in the area. Central to these concerns is the level and shape of the eyebrow. Ptosis of the lateral brow begins at a relatively young age and tends to worsen over time. This article describes an adaptation of modifiable techniques to address focal issues of the lateral eyebrow.
The Aesthetics of the Upper Face and Brow: Male and Female Differences
Authors: Sedgh Jacob 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA hallmark of the modern era of facial plastic surgery is the increasing demand for upper facial rejuvenation by both genders and the growing variety of such options, including both surgical and non-surgical modalities. Thus, now more than ever, differentiating these aesthetic ideals between the two genders and understanding their nuances has become a necessity for the facial cosmetics community. In this article, a detailed comparison of the the pertinent anatomical and topographical differences is presented, followed by a review of the historical evolution of these aesthetic trends.
Future cities: renarrating human agency
Authors: Cowley Robert 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe media coverage of Hurricane Harvey’s impact on the city of Houston in August 2017 reveals an ‘Anthropocenic’ sensibility, which tends to deny our ability to solve pressing environmental and social problems through strong and direct human action. This sensibility is reflected at city level in new forms of governance, exemplified here with reference to resilience, smart urbanism, and design-thinking. These have in common a cautious, inductive logic of change; their limited imaginations of space and time imply a dispersed sense of human agency. But if these new rationalities are unlikely to yield convincing solutions to problems such as Hurricane Harvey, perhaps there is a need to rethink the dominant framing of the Anthropocene, which underpins them.
GHSR-D2R heteromerization modulates dopamine signaling through an effect on G protein conformation
Authors: Damian Marjorie , Pons Véronique , Renault Pedro , M’Kadmi Céline , Delort Bartholomé , Hartmann Lucie , Kaya Ali I. , Louet Maxime , Gagne Didier , Ben Haj Salah Khoubaib , Denoyelle Séverine , Ferry Gilles , Boutin Jean A. , Wagner Renaud , Fehrentz Jean-Alain , Martinez Jean , Marie Jacky , Floquet Nicolas , Galès Céline , Mary Sophie , Hamm Heidi E. , Banères Jean-Louis 
Published: April 2018

Significance
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are one of the largest cell surface receptor family that transmit their signal through coupling to intracellular partners, such as G proteins. Receptor oligomerization has been shown to be pivotal in this signaling process. To address how oligomerization can impact on signaling in a major physiological process, dopamine signaling, we used a purified GPCR heteromer composed of the ghrelin and dopamine receptors to which we applied a variety of state-of-the-art biochemical and biophysical approaches. By doing so, we provide a direct experimental evidence for a mechanism where receptor heteromerization affects the conformation of the associated G protein. This sheds light on the way a GPCR oligomer can affect G protein activation to modulate signaling.
Molecular mechanism of activation of human musk receptors OR5AN1 and OR1A1 by (
R
)-muscone and diverse other musk-smelling compounds
Authors: Ahmed Lucky , Zhang Yuetian , Block Eric , Buehl Michael , Corr Michael J. , Cormanich Rodrigo A. , Gundala Sivaji , Matsunami Hiroaki , O’Hagan David , Ozbil Mehmet , Pan Yi , Sekharan Sivakumar , Ten Nicholas , Wang Mingan , Yang Mingyan , Zhang Qingzhi , Zhang Ruina , Batista Victor S. , Zhuang Hanyi 
Published: April 2018

Significance
While natural musk has been used for 2,000 years in perfumery, and in traditional medicine for its cardioprotective effects, its mode of activating odorant receptors (ORs) is unknown. ORs, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which constitute 40% of all pharmacophore receptors, are also expressed in nonolfactory tissues. Understanding the activation of ORs at the molecular level is challenging due to lack of crystallographic models. By combining site-directed mutagenesis with computational studies of human musk ORs involving 35 chiral and achiral muscone analogues, we propose structural models, including binding site prediction and responsible amino acid residues identification. Our studies of musk-responsive ORs should assist the study of the pharmacological effects of musks involving non-OR GPCRs.
Genomic insights into the origin and diversification of late maritime hunter-gatherers from the Chilean Patagonia
Authors: de la Fuente Constanza , Ávila-Arcos María C. , Galimany Jacqueline , Carpenter Meredith L. , Homburger Julian R. , Blanco Alejandro , Contreras Paloma , Cruz Dávalos Diana , Reyes Omar , San Roman Manuel , Moreno-Estrada Andrés , Campos Paula F. , Eng Celeste , Huntsman Scott , Burchard Esteban G. , Malaspinas Anna-Sapfo , Bustamante Carlos D. , Willerslev Eske , Llop Elena , Verdugo Ricardo A. , Moraga Mauricio 
Published: April 2018

Significance
Recent genomic studies of ancient and modern humans from the Americas have given a comprehensive view of the peopling of the continent. However, regional characterization of ancient and modern individuals is lacking, being key to unveiling fine-scale differences within the continent. We present genome-wide analyses of ancient and modern individuals from South America from Western Patagonia. We found a strong affinity between modern and ancient individuals from the region, providing evidence of continuity in the region for the last ∼1,000 years and regional genetic structure within Southern South America. In particular, the analysis of these ancient genomes helps address questions related to the maritime tradition in the region and its diversification posterior to the split from terrestrial hunter-gatherers.
In vivo CRISPR screening unveils histone demethylase UTX as an important epigenetic regulator in lung tumorigenesis
Authors: Wu Qibiao , Tian Yahui , Zhang Jian , Tong Xinyuan , Huang Hsinyi , Li Shuai , Zhao Hong , Tang Ying , Yuan Chongze , Wang Kun , Fang Zhaoyuan , Gao Lei , Hu Xin , Li Fuming , Qin Zhen , Yao Shun , Chen Ting , Chen Haiquan , Zhang Gong , Liu Wanting , Sun Yihua , Chen Luonan , Wong Kwok-Kin , Ge Kai , Chen Liang , Ji Hongbin 
Published: April 2018

Significance
Tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) play important roles in lung cancer initiation, progression, and even metastasis. Here, we take advantage of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9-mediated screening in vivo technique to identify multiple tumor suppressor genes contributing to lung cancer malignant progression. Using genetically engineered mouse models, we further confirm the tumor-suppressive role of epigenetic regulator UTX and provide therapeutic implications for UTX-deficient lung tumors. Thus, our work provides a systematic screening of TSGs in vivo and demonstrates UTX functions as the important epigenetic regulator in lung tumorigenesis.
TMEM59 potentiates Wnt signaling by promoting signalosome formation
Authors: Gerlach Jan P. , Jordens Ingrid , Tauriello Daniele V. F. , van ‘t Land-Kuper Ineke , Bugter Jeroen M. , Noordstra Ivar , van der Kooij Johanneke , Low Teck Y. , Pimentel-Muiños Felipe X. , Xanthakis Despina , Fenderico Nicola , Rabouille Catherine , Heck Albert J. R. , Egan David A. , Maurice Madelon M. 
Published: April 2018

Significance
Wnt/β-catenin signaling is crucial for adult homeostasis and stem cell maintenance, and its dysregulation is strongly associated to cancer. Upon Wnt binding, Wnt receptors assemble into large complexes called signalosomes that provide a platform for interactions with downstream effector proteins. The assembly and regulation of these signalosomes remains largely elusive. Here, we use internally tagged Wnt ligands as a tool to isolate and analyze the composition and regulation of endogenous Wnt receptor complexes. We identify a positive regulator of Wnt signaling that facilitates signalosome formation by promoting intramembrane receptor interactions. Our results reveal that the assembly of multiprotein Wnt signalosomes proceeds along well-ordered steps and involves regulated intramembrane interactions.
Genome-wide CRISPR screen identifies FAM49B as a key regulator of actin dynamics and T cell activation
Authors: Shang Wanjing , Jiang Yong , Boettcher Michael , Ding Kang , Mollenauer Marianne , Liu Zhongyi , Wen Xiaofeng , Liu Chang , Hao Piliang , Zhao Suwen , McManus Michael T. , Wei Lai , Weiss Arthur , Wang Haopeng 
Published: April 2018

Significance
Recent success of T cell-based cancer immunotherapies highlights the importance of further understanding molecular mechanisms in the regulation of T cell responsiveness. Here, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR screen to identify genes that regulate T cell activation upon anti-T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation. Our screen confirmed many of the known regulators in proximal T cell signaling. Moreover, we identified a previously uncharacterized gene named FAM49B, which acts as a negative regulator in T cell activation. Our study suggests that genome-wide CRISPR screening is a powerful means to identify key regulators of TCR signaling. The same strategy could be applied to CD28-mediated costimulatory signaling or PD-1–mediated coinhibitory signaling. The unbiased approach presented here may allow us to identify new therapeutic targets for cancer immunotherapy.
Neural precursors of future liking and affective reciprocity
Authors: Zerubavel Noam , Hoffman Mark Anthony , Reich Adam , Ochsner Kevin N. , Bearman Peter 
Published: April 2018

SignificanceWhen joining a group, we may initially like some individuals more than others. Likewise, certain group members may be particularly drawn to us. Over months of interaction, these attractions inevitably change and typically become reciprocated. This study uses fMRI to predict such changes in liking. Specifically, we measure newly acquainted group members’ reward system responses to images of one another’s faces. We find that T1 neural responses predict whom one will like in the future. More strikingly, we find that others’ T1 neural responses to us predict whom we will like months later, at T2. This brain-based mechanism helps explain how group members’ initially unreciprocated liking sentiments become mutually reciprocated. This study reveals how our brains interdependently shape interpersonal relationships.
Do bilinguals create two different sets of vocabulary for two domains?
Authors: Montanari Elke G. , Abel Roman , Graßer Barbara , Tschudinovski Lilia 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The central research question is how intensive exposure to the majority language at school affects the development of vocabulary.
In a cross-sectional study with a longitudinal subsample follow-up, we investigated the development of vocabulary during the first
four years at school, as vocabulary development is considered an important factor regarding bilingual children’s success at
school. The sample consisted of 126 bilingual Russian/German-speaking children aged 6;0 to 10;11 years in Germany, who were tested
for expressive and receptive vocabulary using a picture naming task.
Our results show that while the majority language is acquired at an expected rate, the heritage language’s extensive vocabulary
does not develop further over the course of primary school attendance. The overlap of the vocabularies increases. Additionally,
the number of items that are named exclusively in the majority language increases, whereas the number of items that are named
exclusively in the heritage language decreases.
Integrated evaluation of payments for ecosystem services programs in China: a systematic review
Authors: Yang Wu , Lu Qiaoling 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
During the past two decades, payments for ecosystem services (PES) program has become a popular conservation paradigm for realigning socioeconomic costs and benefits among different stakeholders. As billions of investment flows into the natural capital pool, there is growing interest to understand the ecological, economic, and social outcomes of PES programs. China is one of the countries that extensively implements PES programs. Although there is a growing interest to perform impact evaluation of China’s massive PES programs, it is unclear that what existing literature has done, has not done, and should do in the future. Therefore, to guide further research and practices, we conduct a systematic review of studies on China’s PES programs.

Results:
Our review shows that there are growing impact evaluation studies of PES programs in China. However, the spatial and ecosystem distributions of existing studies are quite uneven. Most case studies were poorly designed, rarely quantified, and evaluated without sophisticated methods. Among the three dimensions of ecological effectiveness, economic efficiency, and social equity, economic efficiency is the least studied.

Discussion and Conclusion:
We further discuss the challenges and opportunities and provide insights for future research. To improve the understanding and management of natural capital, we call for mainstreaming impact evaluation of ecosystem service policies in China and beyond following the state-of-art procedures.