bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nano‐RuO2‐Decorated Holey Graphene Composite Fibers for Micro‐Supercapacitors with Ultrahigh Energy Density
Authors: Zhai Shengli , Wang Chaojun , Karahan Huseyin Enis , Wang Yanqing , Chen Xuncai , Sui Xiao , Huang Qianwei , Liao Xiaozhou , Wang Xin , Chen Yuan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCompactness and versatility of fiber‐based micro‐supercapacitors (FMSCs) make them promising for emerging wearable electronic devices as energy storage solutions. But, increasing the energy storage capacity of microscale fiber electrodes, while retaining their high power density, remains a significant challenge. Here, this issue is addressed by incorporating ultrahigh mass loading of ruthenium oxide (RuO2) nanoparticles (up to 42.5 wt%) uniformly on nanocarbon‐based microfibers composed largely of holey reduced graphene oxide (HrGO) with a lower amount of single‐walled carbon nanotubes as nanospacers. This facile approach involes (1) space‐confined hydrothermal assembly of highly porous but 3D interconnected carbon structure, (2) impregnating wet carbon structures with aqueous Ru3+ ions, and (3) anchoring RuO2 nanoparticles on HrGO surfaces. Solid‐state FMSCs assembled using those fibers demonstrate a specific volumetric capacitance of 199 F cm−3 at 2 mV s−1. Fabricated FMSCs also deliver an ultrahigh energy density of 27.3 mWh cm−3, the highest among those reported for FMSCs to date. Furthermore, integrating 20 pieces of FMSCs with two commercial flexible solar cells as a self‐powering energy system, a light‐emitting diode panel can be lit up stably. The current work highlights the excellent potential of nano‐RuO2‐decorated HrGO composite fibers for constructing micro‐supercapacitors with high energy density for wearable electronic devices.
Fabricating Ir/C Nanofiber Networks as Free‐Standing Air Cathodes for Rechargeable Li‐CO2 Batteries
Authors: Wang Chengyi , Zhang Qinming , Zhang Xin , Wang Xin‐Gai , Xie Zhaojun , Zhou Zhen 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLi‐CO2 batteries are promising energy storage systems by utilizing CO2 at the same time, though there are still some critical barriers before its practical applications such as high charging overpotential and poor cycling stability. In this work, iridium/carbon nanofibers (Ir/CNFs) are prepared via electrospinning and subsequent heat treatment, and are used as cathode catalysts for rechargeable Li‐CO2 batteries. Benefitting from the unique porous network structure and the high activity of ultrasmall Ir nanoparticles, Ir/CNFs exhibit excellent CO2 reduction and evolution activities. The Li‐CO2 batteries present extremely large discharge capacity, high coulombic efficiency, and long cycling life. Moreover, free‐standing Ir/CNF films are used directly as air cathodes to assemble Li‐CO2 batteries, which show high energy density and ultralong operation time, demonstrating great potential for practical applications.
Self‐Assembled Nanostructured CuCo2O4 for Electrochemical Energy Storage and the Oxygen Evolution Reaction via Morphology Engineering
Authors: Aqueel Ahmed Abu Talha , Hou Bo , Chavan Harish S. , Jo Yongcheol , Cho Sangeun , Kim Jongmin , Pawar Sambhaji M. , Cha SeungNam , Inamdar Akbar I. , Kim Hyungsang , Im Hyunsik 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCuCo2O4 films with different morphologies of either mesoporous nanosheets, cubic, compact‐granular, or agglomerated embossing structures are fabricated via a hydrothermal growth technique using various solvents, and their bifunctional activities, electrochemical energy storage and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) for water splitting catalysis in strong alkaline KOH media, are investigated. It is observed that the solvents play an important role in setting the surface morphology and size of the crystallites by controlling nucleation and growth rate. An optimized mesoporous CuCo2O4 nanosheet electrode shows a high specific capacitance of 1658 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 with excellent restoring capability of ≈99% at 2 A g−1 and superior energy density of 132.64 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 0.72 kW kg−1. The CuCo2O4 electrode also exhibits excellent endurance performance with capacity retention of 90% and coulombic efficiency of ≈99% after 5000 charge/discharge cycles. The best OER activity is obtained from the CuCo2O4 nanosheet sample with the lowest overpotential of ≈290 mV at 20 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 117 mV dec−1. The superior bifunctional electrochemical activity of the mesoporous CuCo2O4 nanosheet is a result of electrochemically favorable 2D morphology, which leads to the formation of a very large electrochemically active surface area.
Self‐Propelled Micro/Nanomotors for Sensing and Environmental Remediation
Authors: Zarei Mohammad , Zarei Mohanna 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSelf‐propelled micro/nanomotors have gained attention for successful application in cargo delivery, therapeutic treatments, sensing, and environmental remediation. Unique characteristics such as high speed, motion control, selectivity, and functionability promote the application of micro/nanomotors in analytical sciences. Here, the recent advancements and main challenges regarding the application of self‐propelled micro/nanomotors in sensing and environmental remediation are discussed. The current state of micro/nanomotors is reviewed, emphasizing the period of the last five years, then their developments into the future applications for enhanced sensing and efficient purification of water resources are extrapolated.
A Multifunctional Biomimetic Nanoplatform for Relieving Hypoxia to Enhance Chemotherapy and Inhibit the PD‐1/PD‐L1 Axis
Authors: Zou Mei‐Zhen , Liu Wen‐Long , Li Chu‐Xin , Zheng Di‐Wei , Zeng Jin‐Yue , Gao Fan , Ye Jing‐Jie , Zhang Xian‐Zheng 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHypoxia is reported to participate in tumor progression, promote drug resistance, and immune escape within tumor microenvironment, and thus impair therapeutic effects including the chemotherapy and advanced immunotherapy. Here, a multifunctional biomimetic core–shell nanoplatform is reported for improving synergetic chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Based on the properties including good biodegradability and functionalities, the pH‐sensitive zeolitic imidazolate framework 8 embedded with catalase and doxorubicin constructs the core and serves as an oxygen generator and drug reservoir. Murine melanoma cell membrane coating on the core provides tumor targeting ability and elicits an immune response due to abundance of antigens. It is demonstrated that this biomimetic core–shell nanoplatform with oxygen generation can be partial to accumulate in tumor and downregulate the expression of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α, which can further enhance the therapeutic effects of chemotherapy and reduce the expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1). Combined with immune checkpoints blockade therapy by programmed death 1 (PD‐1) antibody, the dual inhibition of the PD‐1/PD‐L1 axis elicits significant immune response and presents a robust effect in lengthening tumor recurrent time and inhibiting tumor metastasis. Consequently, the multifunctional nanoplatform provides a potential strategy of synergetic chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
Monolayer Graphene Coupled to a Flexible Plasmonic Nanograting for Ultrasensitive Strain Monitoring
Authors: Tiefenauer Raphael F. , Dalgaty Thomas , Keplinger Tobias , Tian Tian , Shih Chih‐Jen , Vörös János , Aramesh Morteza 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPlasmonically coupled graphene structures have shown great promise for sensing applications. Their complex and cumbersome fabrication, however, has prohibited their widespread application and limited their use to rigid, planar surfaces. Here, a plasmonic sensor based on gold nanowire arrays on an elastomer with an added graphene monolayer is introduced. The stretchable plasmonic nanostructures not only significantly enhance the Raman signal from graphene, but can also be used by themselves as a sensor platform for 2D strain sensing. These nanowire arrays on an elastomer are fabricated by template‐stripping based nanotransfer printing, which enables a simple and fast production of stable nanogratings. The ultrasmooth surfaces of such transferred structures facilitate reliable large‐area transfers of graphene monolayers. The resulting coupled graphene‐nanograting construct exhibits ultrahigh sensitivity to applied strain, which can be detected by shifts in the plasmonic‐enhanced Raman spectrum. Furthermore, this sensor enables the detection of adsorbed molecules on nonplanar surfaces through graphene‐assisted surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The simple fabrication of the plasmonic nanowire array platform and the graphene‐coupled devices have the potential to trigger widespread SERS applications and open up new opportunities for high‐sensitivity strain sensing applications.
Selective Etching Induced Synthesis of Hollow Rh Nanospheres Electrocatalyst for Alcohol Oxidation Reactions
Authors: Kang Yong‐Qiang , Xue Qi , Zhao Yue , Li Xi‐Fei , Jin Pu‐Jun , Chen Yu 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe hollow noble metal nanostructures have attracted wide attention in catalysis/electrocatalysis. Here a two‐step procedure for constructing hollow Rh nanospheres (Rh H‐NSs) with clean surface is described. By selectively removing the surfactant and Au core of Au‐core@Rh‐shell nanostructures (Au@Rh NSs), the surface‐cleaned Rh H‐NSs are obtained, which contain abundant porous channels and large specific surface area. The as‐prepared Rh H‐NSs exhibit enhanced inherent activity for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) compared to state‐of‐the‐art Pt nanoparticles in alkaline media. Further electrochemical experiments show that Rh H‐NSs also have high activity for the electrooxidation of formaldehyde and formate (intermediate species in the course of the MOR) in alkaline media. Unfortunately, Rh H‐NSs have low electrocatalytic activity for the ethanol and 1‐propanol oxidation reactions in alkaline media. All electrochemical results indicate that the order of electrocatalytic activity of Rh H‐NSs for alcohol oxidation reaction is methanol (C1) > ethanol (C2) > 1‐propanol (C3). This work highlights the synthesis route of Rh hollow nanostructures, and indicates the promising application of Rh nanostructures in alkaline direct methanol fuel cells.
A Chemical Precipitation Method Preparing Hollow–Core–Shell Heterostructures Based on the Prussian Blue Analogs as Cathode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Huang Yongxin , Xie Man , Wang Ziheng , Jiang Ying , Yao Ying , Li Shuaijie , Li Zehua , Li Li , Wu Feng , Chen Renjie 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPrussian blue and its analogs are regarded as the promising cathodes for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Recently, various special structures are constructed to improve the electrochemical properties of these materials. In this study, a novel architecture of Prussian blue analogs with large cavity and multilayer shells is investigated as cathode material for SIBs. Because the hollow structure can relieve volume expansion and core–shell heterostructure can optimize interfacial properties, the complex structure materials exhibited a highly initial capacity of 123 mA h g−1 and a long cycle life. After 600 cycles, the reversible capacity of the electrode still maintains at 102 mA h g−1 without significant voltage decay, indicating a superior structure stability and sodium storage kinetics. Even at high current density of 3200 mA g−1, the electrode still delivers a considerable capacity above 52 mA h g−1. According to the electrochemical analysis and ex‐situ measurements, it can be inferred that the enhanced apparent diffusion coefficient and improved insertion/extraction performance of electrode have been obtained by building this new morphology.
Concise Review: Age-Related Clonal Hematopoiesis: Stem Cells Tempting the Devil
Authors: Busque Lambert , Buscarlet Manuel , Mollica Luigina , Levine Ross L. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The recent characterization of clonal hematopoiesis in a large segment of the aging population has raised tremendous interest and concern alike. Mutations have been documented in genes associated with hematological cancers and in non-driver candidates. These mutations are present at low frequency in the majority of individuals after middle-age, and principally affect the epigenetic modifiers DNMT3A and TET2. In 10%–40% of cases, the clone will progress to meet the diagnostic criteria for Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential, which is associated with an increased risk of hematological cancer and cardiovascular mortality. Blood cell parameters appear unmodified in these individuals, but a minority of them will develop a hematologic malignancy. At this time, the factors put forward as potentially influencing the risk of cancer development are clone size, specific gene, specific mutation, and the number of mutations. Specific stress on hematopoiesis also gives rise to clonal expansion. Genotoxic exposure (such as chemotherapy), or immune attack (as in aplastic anemia) selects/provides a fitness advantage to clones with a context-specific signature. Clonal hematopoiesis offers a new opportunity to understand the biology and adaptation mechanisms of aging hematopoiesis and provides insight into the mechanisms underlying malignant transformation. Furthermore, it might shed light on common denominators of age-associated medical conditions and help devise global strategies that will impact the prevention of hematologic cancers and promote healthy aging.
Next generation interactive tool as a backbone for universal access to electricity
Authors: Moner‐Girona Magda , Puig Daniel , Mulugetta Yacob , Kougias Ioannis , AbdulRahman Jafaru , Szabó Sándor 
Published: June 2018

Energy planning in rural areas and in developing countries most often relies on the outputs of specialized analytical tools, of which only a handful have been developed. Over the years these tools have been upgraded, and the newest among them take into consideration, to a greater or lesser extent, all key determinants of energy generation and distribution. This article focuses on a “pool” of web‐based geo‐referencing open‐source tools and highlights the extent to which each analytical tool reflects the particularities of the various determinants of energy generation and distribution. In doing so, the present work identifies aspects of the tools that need to be strengthened. Building on this information, the article further maps the suitability of each tool with regard to calculating (at a local level) the six Sustainable Development Goal indicators that are closely related to energy. This makes it possible to draw conclusions about monitoring needs in study‐areas. Bringing together these two sets of findings, the article concludes with a research agenda for analytical tool development in the area of energy planning, which spills over developmental agendas.This article is categorized under:Energy and Development > Systems and InfrastructureEnergy and Development > Economics and Policy
Stump harvesting for bioenergy: A review of climatic and environmental impacts in northern Europe and America
Authors: Persson Tryggve , Egnell Gustaf 
Published: June 2018

Stump harvesting is defined as an intensification of forest management in comparison with stem‐only harvesting and removal of tops and branches. It increases soil mixing and the proportion of bare soil. In contrast to earlier hypotheses, stump harvesting was found to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide, and methane in the short term. In the long term, heterotrophic soil CO2evolution is reduced. Both model and empirical studies indicate that stump removal can reduce the soil organic carbon (SOC) pool in the short term, but long‐term experiments (32–39 years) could not verify any SOC decline. Life cycle assessment studies showed that stumps as fuel resulted in markedly lower emissions of CO2into the atmosphere, viewed over a whole forest rotation compared to heating by natural gas and coal. Stump removal does not seem to affect timber production in the next forest rotation and often reduces the infection rate of root rot. It increases the natural regeneration of birch and pine, it can increase nitrate leaching at N‐rich sites, and it can increase the number of water‐filled cavities where methylmercury is formed. Stump extraction decreases the amount of dwarf shrubs in young clear‐cuts, but after 1–2 decades, these species are generally recovered. Many species dependent on dead wood are adversely affected by intense stump harvest. Model studies suggest that the risk of species extinction is small when only 10% of the total clear‐cut area in the forest landscape is stump harvested, but the risk of extinction rises at increasing extraction intensities.This article is categorized under:Bioenergy > Climate and EnvironmentEnergy and Climate > Climate and EnvironmentEnergy and Development > Climate and Environment
Considerations for culturally sensitive traditional ecological knowledge research in wildlife conservation
Authors: Ramos Seafha C. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTTraditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) is increasingly being applied in the field of wildlife conservation, yet conceptualizations of what TEK is and views regarding whether TEK is science remain diverse and, at times, conflicting in the TEK discourse. Many practical and philosophical challenges come with the pursuit of TEK initiatives, potentially leaving wildlife researchers and managers wondering how to conduct projects effectively and also in a culturally sensitive manner. The consideration of historical and philosophical contexts that affect tribal communities may be beneficial in such cases. I provide a historical context by presenting chronological events of Indian Country in the United States as related to Federal Indian Law in parallel with the development of wildlife management as a profession. Additionally, I explore the philosophical context of TEK as science by discussing Western and Indigenous scientific paradigms and their linkages to TEK. Finally, given these contexts, I provide several suggestions for developing culturally sensitive approaches to TEK research in the wildlife field. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Liver Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Renal Dysfunction
Authors: Shirata Chikara , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Kokudo Takashi , Yamashita Suguru , Yamamoto Satoshi , Arita Junichi , Akamatsu Nobuhisa , Kaneko Junichi , Sakamoto Yoshihiro , Kokudo Norihiro 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of liver resection in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with preoperative renal dysfunction (RD).MethodsData from 735 patients undergoing primary liver resection for HCC between 2002 and 2014 were analyzed. Short‐ and long‐term outcomes were compared between the RD group, defined by a preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate of <45 mL/min/1.73 m2, and the non‐RD group.ResultsSixty‐two patients had RD. The incidence of postoperative pleural effusion (24 vs. 11%; P = 0.007) and major complications (Clavien–Dindo III–V; 31 vs. 15%; P = 0.003) were significantly higher in RD patients. In RD patients with Child‐Pugh A, 90‐day mortality rate (1.9%) and median survival time (6.11 years) were comparable to that of non‐RD patients. In contrast, RD patients with Child‐Pugh B had a very high 90‐day mortality rate (22.2%), and a significant shorter median survival time compared to non‐RD patients (1.19 vs. 4.84 years; P = 0.001).ConclusionsLiver resection for Child‐Pugh A patients with RD is safe and has comparable oncological outcomes compared to non‐RD patients. However, selection of liver resection candidates from Child‐Pugh B patients with RD should be stricter.
The impact of premature birth on dental maturation in the permanent dentition
Authors: Paulsson Liselotte , Arvini Sara , Bergström Niclas , Klingberg Gunilla , Lindh Christina 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate tooth development and calculate dental maturity score in prematurely born children and to compare the findings with full-term born children.

Material and methods
Nine-year-old preterm children were selected from the Swedish Medical Birth Register. One group consisted of 36 extremely preterm children (born before week 29), and the other included 38 very preterm children (born during weeks 29 to 32). Panoramic radiography was performed on each child and the preterm children were compared with 42 full-term born children. Five observers independently assessed the tooth development stages for all teeth in the left mandible (31–37) on the panoramic radiographs according to the method described by Demirjian et al. (Hum Biol 45:211–227, 1973). Data from tooth development stages were compiled and converted into a dental maturity score for each group. Kappa values were calculated for intra- and inter-observer agreement.

Results
When the different development stages for each individual tooth were compared, all observers presented a significant delay in the maturity of tooth 37 for the extremely preterm group (p ≤ 0.002). The extremely preterm group had a significantly lower dental maturity score than the full-term group, as assessed by each observer (p ≤ 0.006). Kappa values for inter-observer agreement varied between 0.31 and 0.71 depending on tooth and intra-observer agreement was between 0.16 and 1.0.

Conclusions
At age 9, the extremely preterm children had a general delay in tooth development.

Clinical relevance
The increased survival rate of extremely preterm babies adds a new group of children to society. Dental clinicians should be aware that the delay in tooth development could impact the timing of orthodontic diagnostics and potential treatment.
Rainfall and population dynamics of Grey Pileated Finch Coryphospingus pileatus (Aves: Passeriformes) in a Neotropical dry forest
Authors: de Moura Pedro Teófilo Silva , de Paiva Luciana Vieira , de Oliveira Silva Clarisse Carolina , Cavalcante Liana Monique Paiva , Pichorim Mauro , França Leonardo Fernandes 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn tropical dry environments rainfall periodicity may affect demographic parameters, resulting in fluctuations in bird abundance. We used capture–recapture data for the Grey Pileated Finch from a Neotropical dry forest to evaluate the hypothesis that intra‐ and inter‐annual survival, individuals entrance and population abundance, are related to local rainfall. Sampling occurred across 3 years, with individuals captured, tagged and evaluated for age and presence of brood patch every 14 days. Using the POPAN formulation, we generated demographic models to evaluate study population temporal dynamics. Best‐fit models indicated a low apparent annual survival in the first year (16%) compared to other years (between 47 and 62%), with this low value associated with an extreme drought. The abundance of juveniles at each capture occasion was significantly dependent on the accumulated precipitation in the previous 14 days, and the juvenile covariate was a strong predictor of the intra‐annual entrance probability (natality). Individuals entrance during the reproductive period corresponded to 53, 52 and 75% of total ingress for each year, respectively. The trend in sampled population size indicated positive exponential growth (Ninitial = 50, Nlast = 600), with intra‐annual fluctuations becoming progressively more intense. Low survival was relevant during population decline at study onset, while at study end intense Individuals entrance promoted rapid population growth. Thus, the indirect effects of rainfall and the combined effect of two demographic rates operated synergistically on the immediate population abundance of Grey Pileated Finch, an abundant bird in a Neotropical dry forest.