bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bureaucratizing Sensitivity: Documents and Expertise in North Indian Antiviolence Counseling
Authors: Kowalski Julia 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFollowing transnational legal standards, India's antidomestic violence legislation is designed to sensitize the state to gendered violence by appointing nongovernmental organizations to help plaintiffs document abuse. Drawing on fieldwork at a family counseling center in Rajasthan, I show that staff balanced their roles as family counselors and “service providers” to plaintiffs as sensitization discourse revalued the complex documentary practices required by both activities. In this context, bureaucratic elements of counselors’ practices were highlighted, and the role of documents in supporting expert interactions with clients was erased, consolidating expertise along existing hierarchies of class and status that organized activists and staff at the center. By consolidating expertise, “gender‐sensitive” state policies may erase precisely the vernacular modes of responding to gendered inequality that they are meant to incorporate.
Distribution patterns of marine planktonic cyanobacterial assemblages in transitional marine habitats using 16S rRNA phylogeny
Authors: Singh Tarkeshwar , Bhadury Punyasloke 
Published: May 2018

SUMMARYThe community composition of marine planktonic cyanobacteria in transitional marine habitats can influence its overall contribution to aquatic primary production. To understand distribution patterns of marine planktonic cyanobacterial assemblages, phylogenetic and statistical analyses were undertaken on planktonic cyanobacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences from four transitional marine habitats [Baltic Sea (BL), Monterey Bay (MB), South China Sea (SCS) and Sundarbans (SB)]. Out of 3255 sequences analyzed, only 546 sequences were found to be planktonic cyanobacteria and were considered in this study. Among these, 338 sequences representative of Sundarbans, the world's largest mangrove were generated based on Sanger and Illumina sequencing approaches. Based on 16S rRNA phylogeny, four major taxonomic orders of marine planktonic cyanobacteria were recovered in varying proportions with several novel 16S rRNA sequences in each of the four targeted sites. Members of the order Synechococcales were dominant in all the sites (−94% sequences) while the orders Chroococcales and Oscillatoriales were only detected in SB and SCS sites, respectively. In the phylogenetic tree, sequences representing the major marine picocyanobacterial genus Synechococcus showed overwhelming dominance in SB and they were found in three other sites. Prochlorococcus‐like sequences were found in sizeable number in MB and SCS but were absent in SB and coastal BL. Synechococcus‐like sequences were represented by three major marine clusters (5.1, 5.2, and 5.3). Three novel clades as part of Synechococcus cluster were detected only in SB and one novel clade in BL. The majority of OTUs were found to be exclusive to each site, whereas some were shared by two or more sites as revealed by beta‐diversity analysis.
Knowing the Meaning of a Word by the Linguistic and Perceptual Company It Keeps
Authors: Louwerse Max M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDebates on meaning and cognition suggest that an embodied cognition account is exclusive of a symbolic cognition account. Decades of research in the cognitive sciences have, however, shown that these accounts are not at all mutually exclusive. Acknowledging cognition is both symbolic and embodied generates more relevant questions that propel, rather than divide, the cognitive sciences: questions such as how computational symbolic findings map onto experimental embodied findings, and under what conditions cognition is relatively more symbolic or embodied in nature. The current paper revisits the Symbol Interdependency Hypothesis, which argues that language encodes perceptual information and that language users rely on these language statistics in cognitive processes. It argues that the claim that words are abstract, amodal, and arbitrary symbols and therefore must always be grounded to become meaningful is an oversimplification of the language system. Instead, language has evolved such that it maps onto the perceptual system, whereby language users rely on language statistics, which allow for bootstrapping meaning also when grounding is limited.
Injuries associated with bunk beds occurring at schools: results using a US national data base
Authors: Loder Randall T , Momper Luke 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveTo investigate bunk bed injuries occurring across all educational institutions using a national data base.MethodsNational Electronic Injury Surveillance System data for the years 2006–2015 associated with bunk beds was analysed.ResultsThere were an estimated 639 700 emergency department (ED) visits for bunk bed injuries; 1.3% occurred at school. Those occurring at school were older than those not at school (18.2 vs 12.8 years), and more commonly female (56.4% vs 40.6%), Caucasian (91.7% vs 68.3%) and associated with alcohol (10.8% vs 0.4%). For those occurring at school, the average age for those involving the trunk, upper extremity, lower extremity and head/neck areas was 17.9, 14.9, 19.2 and 18.7 years, respectively (p<10−4). A fracture was present in 6.4%, 52.3%, 21.2% and 9.6% of the trunk, upper extremity, lower extremity and head/neck areas, respectively (p=0.009). Males had a higher percentage of lacerations and females had a higher percentage of internal organ injuries. The vast majority of the fractures and strain/sprains occurred in the extremities; lacerations in the head/neck and contusion/abrasions predominantly involved the extremities and head/neck.Conclusions1.3% of all ED visits due to bunk bed injuries occurred in places of education. The majority of these were during college age. Prevention strategies should be directed at educational institutions and students, as well as following proper bunk bed equipment guidelines. Education regarding alcohol risks might assist college age students.
Cleft palate in boxer puppies
Authors: Williams David 
Published: May 2018

THIS series gives readers the opportunity to consider and contribute to discussion of some of the ethical dilemmas that can arise in veterinary practice. Each month, a case scenario is presented, followed by discussion of some of the issues involved.In addition, a possible way forward is suggested; however, there is rarely a cut‐and‐dried answer in such cases, and readers may wish to suggest an alternative approach. This month's dilemma, ‘Cleft palate in boxer puppies’, was submitted and is discussed by David Williams. Readers with comments to contribute are invited to send them as soon as possible, so that they can be considered for publication in the next issue.The series is being coordinated by Dr Steven McCulloch, acting director of the Centre for Animal Welfare, University of Winchester. It aims to provide a framework that will help practising veterinarians find solutions when facing similar dilemmas.
Toward a stability theory of tame abstract elementary classes
Authors: Vasey Sebastien 
Published: May 2018

We initiate a systematic investigation of the abstract elementary classes that have amalgamation, satisfy tameness (a locality property for orbital types), and are stable (in terms of the number of orbital types) in some cardinal. Assuming the singular cardinal hypothesis (SCH), we prove a full characterization of the (high-enough) stability cardinals, and connect the stability spectrum with the behavior of saturated models.We deduce (in ZFC) that if a class is stable on a tail of cardinals, then it has no long splitting chains (the converse is known). This indicates that there is a clear notion of superstability in this framework.We also present an application to homogeneous model theory: for [Formula: see text] a homogeneous diagram in a first-order theory [Formula: see text], if [Formula: see text] is both stable in [Formula: see text] and categorical in [Formula: see text] then [Formula: see text] is stable in all [Formula: see text].
Duality and contravariant functors in the representation theory of artin algebras
Authors: Dean Samuel 
Published: May 2018

We know that the model theory of modules leads to a way of obtaining definable categories of modules over a ring [Formula: see text] as the kernels of certain functors [Formula: see text] rather than of functors [Formula: see text] which are given by a pp-pair. This paper will give various algebraic characterizations of these functors in the case that [Formula: see text] is an artin algebra. Suppose that [Formula: see text] is an artin algebra. An additive functor [Formula: see text] preserves inverse limits and [Formula: see text] is finitely presented if and only if there is a sequence of natural transformations [Formula: see text] for some [Formula: see text] which is exact when evaluated at any left [Formula: see text]-module. Any additive functor [Formula: see text] with one of these equivalent properties has a definable kernel, and every definable subcategory of [Formula: see text] can be obtained as the kernel of a family of such functors. In the final section, a generalized setting is introduced, so that our results apply to more categories than those of the form [Formula: see text] for an artin algebra [Formula: see text]. That is, our results are extended to those locally finitely presented [Formula: see text]-linear categories whose finitely presented objects form a dualizing variety, where [Formula: see text] is a commutative artinian ring.
Are Banks Special?
Authors: Crouhy Michel , Galai Dan 
Published: May 2018

This paper addresses the following question: Are banks special firms that can achieve their goals only with high leverage, above and beyond what is considered acceptable for industrial corporations?This question is related to the issue of the cost of capital and how it is affected by leverage. If we accept the Modigliani–Miller (M&M) theorem (1958), then the capital structure is irrelevant for both the cost of capital and the value of the bank. Specifically, the M&M hypothesis argues that higher levels of equity capital reduce bank leverage and risk, leading to an offsetting decline in banks’ cost of equity capital. Hence, we ask the question whether banks are special firms such that M&M theorem does not apply to banks.We show that M&M propositions cannot be applied for banks primarily because of explicit guarantees and subsidies that provide incentives for increasing leverage. Then, some of the risk faced by the bank is transferred at no cost to the providers of these guarantees and subsidies, giving banks the incentive to increase leverage as much as they can. We show that under perfect market conditions, when risk is fairly priced, this opportunity vanishes.
Broad Learning:
Authors: Zhang Jiawei , Yu Philip S. 
Published: May 2018

Looking from a global perspective, the landscape of online social networks is highly fragmented. A large number of online social networks have appeared, which can provide users with various types of services. Generally, information available in these online social networks is of diverse categories, which can be represented as heterogeneous social networks (HSNs) formally. Meanwhile, in such an age of online social media, users usually participate in multiple online social networks simultaneously, who can act as the anchors aligning different social networks together. So multiple HSNs not only represent information in each social network, but also fuse information from multiple networks.Formally, the online social networks sharing common users are named as the aligned social networks, and these shared users are called the anchor users. The heterogeneous information generated by users' social activities in the multiple aligned social networks provides social network practitioners and researchers with the opportunities to study individual user's social behaviors across multiple social platforms simultaneously. This paper presents a comprehensive survey about the latest research works on multiple aligned HSNs studies based on the broad learning setting, which covers 5 major research tasks, including network alignment, link prediction, community detection, information diffusion and network embedding respectively.
Mitochondrial complex I defect resulting from exercise-induced lower limb ischemia in patients with peripheral arterial disease
Authors: Signolet I. , Abraham P. , Chupin S. , Ammi M. , Gueguen N. , Letournel F. , Picquet J. , Baufreton C. , Daligault M. , Procaccio V. , Reynier P. , Henni S. 
Published: May 2018

This study aims to compare the structural and mitochondrial alterations between muscle segments affected by exercise-induced ischemia and segments of the same muscle without ischemia, in the same subject. In a prospective analysis, 34 patients presenting either peripheral arterial disease or chronic coronary syndrome without any evidence of peripheral arterial disease were eligible for inclusion based on findings indicating a need for either a femoro-popliteal bypass or a saphenous harvesting for coronary bypass. Before surgery, we assessed the level of exercise-induced ischemia in proximal and distal sections of the thigh by the measurement of transcutaneous oxygen pressure during an exercise treadmill test. Distal and proximal biopsies of the sartorius muscle were procured during vascular surgical procedures to assess mitochondrial function and morphometric parameters of the sartorius myofibers. Comparisons were made between the distal and proximal biopsies, with respect to these parameters. Thirteen of the study patients that initially presented with peripheral arterial disease had evidence of an isolated distal thigh exercise-induced ischemia, associated with a 35% decrease in the mitochondrial complex I enzymatic activity in the distal muscle biopsy. This defect was also associated with a decreased expression of the manganese superoxide dismutase enzyme and with alterations of the shapes of the myofibers. No functional or structural alterations were observed in the patients with coronary syndrome. We validated a specific model ischemia in peripheral arterial disease characterized by muscular alterations. This “Distal-Proximal-Sartorius Model” would be promising to explore the physiopathological consequences specific to chronic ischemia. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We compared proximal versus distal biopsies of the sartorius muscle in patients with superficial femoral artery stenosis or occlusion and proof of, distal only, regional blood flow impairment with exercise oximetry. We identified a decrease in the mitochondrial complex I enzymatic activity and antioxidant system impairment at the distal level only. We validate a model to explore the physiopathological consequences of chronic muscle ischemia.
Statin Use during Hospitalization and Short-Term Mortality in Acute Ischaemic Stroke with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Zhang Xinmiao , Jing Jing , Zhao Xingquan , Liu Liping , Wang Chunxue , Pan Yuesong , Meng Xia , Wang Yilong , Wang Yongjun 
Published: May 2018

<b><i>Objectives:</i></b> Statin use during hospitalization improves prognosis in patients with ischaemic stroke. However, it remains uncertain whether acute ischaemic stroke patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) benefit from statin therapy. We investigated the effect of statin use during hospitalization in reducing short-term mortality of patients with ischaemic stroke and CKD. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Data of first-ever ischaemic stroke patients without a history of pre-stroke statin treatment was derived from the China National Stroke Registry. Patients were stratified according to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR): normal renal function (eGFR ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>), mild CKD (eGFR 60–90 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>) and moderate CKD (eGFR &#x3c; 60 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between statin use during hospitalization and all-cause mortality with different renal functions at 3-month follow-up. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Among 5,951 patients included, 2,595 (43.6%) patients were on statin use during hospitalization after stroke (45.7% in patients with normal renal function, 42.0% in patients with mild CKD, and 39.0% in patients with moderate CKD). Compared with the non-statin group, statin use during hospitalization was associated with decreased all-cause mortality in patients with normal renal function (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.43–0.97, <i>p</i> = 0.04), mild CKD (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.38–0.91, <i>p</i> = 0.02) and moderate CKD (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.23–0.75, <i>p</i> = 0.004) at 3-month follow-up. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Statin use during hospitalization was associated with decreased 3-month mortality of ischaemic stroke patients with mild and moderate CKD. However, the conclusion should be confirmed in further studies with larger population, especially with moderate CKD.
In Situ Blood Vessel Regeneration Using SP (Substance P) and SDF (Stromal Cell–Derived Factor)-1α Peptide Eluting Vascular Grafts
Authors: Shafiq Muhammad , Zhang Qiuying , Zhi Dengke , Wang Kai , Kong Deling , Kim Dong-Hwee , Kim Soo Hyun 
Published: May 2018

Objective—
The objective of this study was to develop small-diameter vascular grafts capable of eluting SDF (stromal cell–derived factor)-1α–derived peptide and SP (substance P) for in situ vascular regeneration.

Approach and Results—
Polycaprolactone (PCL)/collagen grafts containing SP or SDF-1α–derived peptide were fabricated by electrospinning. SP and SDF-1α peptide-loaded grafts recruited significantly higher numbers of mesenchymal stem cells than that of the control group. The in vivo potential of PCL/collagen, SDF-1, and SP grafts was assessed by implanting them in a rat abdominal aorta for up to 4 weeks. All grafts remained patent as observed using color Doppler and stereomicroscope. Host cells infiltrated into the graft wall and the neointima was formed in peptides-eluting grafts. The lumen of the SP grafts was covered by the endothelial cells with cobblestone-like morphology, which were elongated in the direction of the blood flow, as discerned using scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, SDF-1α and SP grafts led to the formation of a confluent endothelium as evaluated using immunofluorescence staining with von Willebrand factor antibody. SP and SDF-1α grafts also promoted smooth muscle cell regeneration, endogenous stem cell recruitment, and blood vessel formation, which was the most prominent in the SP grafts. Evaluation of inflammatory response showed that 3 groups did not significantly differ in terms of the numbers of proinflammatory macrophages, whereas SP grafts showed significantly higher numbers of proremodeling macrophages than that of the control and SDF-1α grafts.

Conclusions—
SDF-1α and SP grafts can be potential candidates for in situ vascular regeneration and are worthy for future investigations.
Testosterone Protects Against Atherosclerosis in Male Mice by Targeting Thymic Epithelial Cells—Brief Report
Authors: Wilhelmson Anna S. , Lantero Rodriguez Marta , Svedlund Eriksson Elin , Johansson Inger , Fogelstrand Per , Stubelius Alexandra , Lindgren Susanne , Fagman Johan B. , Hansson Göran K. , Carlsten Hans , Karlsson Mikael C.I. , Ekwall Olov , Tivesten Åsa 
Published: May 2018

Objective—
Androgen deprivation therapy has been associated with increased cardiovascular risk in men. Experimental studies support that testosterone protects against atherosclerosis, but the target cell remains unclear. T cells are important modulators of atherosclerosis, and deficiency of testosterone or its receptor, the AR (androgen receptor), induces a prominent increase in thymus size. Here, we tested the hypothesis that atherosclerosis induced by testosterone deficiency in male mice is T-cell dependent. Further, given the important role of the thymic epithelium for T-cell homeostasis and development, we hypothesized that depletion of the AR in thymic epithelial cells will result in increased atherosclerosis.

Approach and Results—

Prepubertal castration of male atherosclerosis-prone apoE
−/−
mice increased atherosclerotic lesion area. Depletion of T cells using an anti-CD3 antibody abolished castration-induced atherogenesis, demonstrating a role of T cells. Male mice with depletion of the AR specifically in epithelial cells (E-ARKO [epithelial cell-specific AR knockout] mice) showed increased thymus weight, comparable with that of castrated mice. E-ARKO mice on an apoE
−/−
background displayed significantly increased atherosclerosis and increased infiltration of T cells in the vascular adventitia, supporting a T-cell–driven mechanism. Consistent with a role of the thymus, E-ARKO apoE
−/−
males subjected to prepubertal thymectomy showed no atherosclerosis phenotype.

Conclusions—
We show that atherogenesis induced by testosterone/AR deficiency is thymus- and T-cell dependent in male mice and that the thymic epithelial cell is a likely target cell for the antiatherogenic actions of testosterone. These insights may pave the way for new therapeutic strategies for safer endocrine treatment of prostate cancer.
Macrophages Shed Excess Cholesterol in Unique Extracellular Structures Containing Cholesterol Microdomains
Authors: Jin Xueting , Dimitriadis Emilios K. , Liu Ying , Combs Christian A. , Chang Janet , Varsano Neta , Stempinski Erin , Flores Rhonda , Jackson Shelley N. , Muller Ludovic , Woods Amina S. , Addadi Lia , Kruth Howard S. 
Published: May 2018

Objective—
Cells use various mechanisms to maintain cellular cholesterol homeostasis including efflux of cholesterol from the cellular plasma membrane to cholesterol acceptors such as HDLs (high-density lipoproteins). Little is known about the transfer of cholesterol from cells into the extracellular matrix. Using a unique monoclonal antibody that detects ordered cholesterol arrays (ie, cholesterol micro[or nano]-domains), we previously identified that particles containing these cholesterol domains accumulate in the extracellular matrix during cholesterol enrichment of human monocyte-derived macrophages and are found in atherosclerotic lesions. In this study, we further investigate these deposited particles containing cholesterol microdomains and discover their unexpected morphology.

Approach and Results—
Although appearing spherical at the resolution of the conventional fluorescence microscope, super-resolution immunofluorescence and atomic force microscopy of in situ cholesterol microdomains, and immunoelectron microscopy of isolated cholesterol microdomains revealed that the microdomains are not vesicles or 3-dimensional crystals but rather appear as branching irregularly shaped deposits of varying size. These cholesterol microdomain-containing deposits are shed from the plasma membrane into the extracellular matrix.

Conclusions—
To date, research on cellular excretion of excess cholesterol has demonstrated cellular cholesterol efflux in the form of membranous vesicles and discoidal HDL particles released into the fluid-phase medium. Shedding of plasma membrane cholesterol microdomains provides an additional mechanism for cells such as macrophages to maintain plasma membrane cholesterol homeostasis. Furthermore, recognition that macrophages shed cholesterol microdomains into the extracellular matrix is important to our understanding of extracellular buildup of cholesterol in atherosclerosis.