bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Fluidelastic Instability of Fuel Rod Bundles Subjected to Combined Axial Flow and Jet Crossflow
Authors: Chevalier Bastien , Mureithi Njuki , El-Hak Ibrahim Gad- , Karazis Kostas 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Flow-induced vibration is a major concern in the nuclear industry. The combined axial flow and jet crossflow has been found to induce fluidelastic instabilities (FEI) within the rod bundle, thus increasing the risk for fretting wear of the fuel rods. This paper presents an experimental work aiming to improve our understanding of the dynamic behavior of two rod bundles subjected to combined axial flow and localized jet crossflow. Two different bundle geometries were experimentally investigated. The first was a 6 × 5 flexible single-span bundle and the second one was a 7 × 5 reduced scale nuclear fuel assembly mockup. Two working flow conditions, pure axial flow and jet in transverse flow (JITF) are studied. The experiments show that the bundle is stable under pure axial flow as expected. Then, for the single-span the response of the array under JITF in two eccentricity scenarios is tested for different axial velocities. The results show that the fluidelastic instability (FEI) threshold could occur whenever the velocity ratio (VR=Vjet/Vaxial) is above 1.25. The second part of the work is the design, fabrication and tests on the multispan array. Characterization tests are performed to identify the modal parameters of the rod bundle. Two working flow conditions, pure axial flow and JITF are studied. The experiments show that the rod bundle is stable under pure axial flow. The response of the array under JITF in three eccentricity scenarios is tested for two axial velocities. The results show that the rod bundle is stable under the jet velocity tested for all cases.
Road to Tokyo Paralympic Games: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mood States of Brazilian Para Athletes
Authors: Melo Geiziane Leite Rodrigues , Gomes Costa Rodrigo Rodrigues , Brandão Maria Regina Ferreira , de Campos Luis Felipe Castelli Correia , Winckler Ciro 
Published: November 2024

Context: The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the world of sports due to the imposed quarantine and the postponement of regional, national, and international sporting events, which affected physical, socioeconomic, and psychological aspects of athletes. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate changes in the mood state profile of Brazilian Para athletes at 2 different time points during the COVID-19 pandemic, specifically during their qualification for the Tokyo Paralympic Games. Design: This study used a longitudinal study design. Methods: The study included 83 Brazilian Para athletes from 14 sports, with a mean age of 34.64 (9.27) years, who were evaluated at 2 moments (March 2020 and April 2021) during the qualification period for the “Road to Tokyo Paralympic Games.” The online survey included questions about disability, sport, and experience; the 24-item Brunel Mood Scale questionnaire; and a question about the athlete’s perception of whether or not they had a chance of qualifying for the Tokyo Paralympics in April 2021. Results: Para athletes had significantly higher vigor scores in 2021 than in 2020, with a medium effect size (z = −3.454, P < .001). In addition, Para athletes who perceived themselves as nonqualified for the Tokyo 2021 Paralympics Games had higher scores for depression (U = 409,000, z = −2397, P = .017) and tension (U = 425,000, z = −2194, P = .017) in 2021 when compared with those who perceived that they had qualified. There were no differences between men and women. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly negatively impacted the mood of Brazilian Para athletes, especially those who perceived themselves as nonqualified for the Tokyo Paralympic Games. Para athletes in team sports exhibited higher potential symptoms of depression compared with those in individual sports.
Representation of racialised and ethnically diverse populations in multicentre randomised controlled trials of GLP-1 medicines for obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of gaps
Authors: Jeyakumar Yaanu , Richardson Lisa , Sarma Shohinee , Retnakaran Ravi , Kramer Caroline K 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionTrials of GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) medicines have changed the paradigm of obesity treatment. Diversity in trial participation is imperative considering that obesity disproportionately impacts marginalised populations worldwide. We performed a systematic review and meta-analyses to evaluate the representation of racialised and ethnically diverse populations in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of GLP-1 medicines for obesity.MethodsWe searched PubMed/Embase/ClinicalTrials.gov. Prevalence of each racial/ethnic group was compared in relation to the USA, Canada, the UK, Brazil and South Africa. The geographical locations of the trial sites were extracted.Results27 RCTs were identified (n=21 547 participants). Meta-analyses of prevalence demonstrated the vast predominance of white/Caucasians (79%) with smaller proportion of blacks (9%), Asians (13%), Indigenous (2%) and Hispanics (22%). The gaps in representation were evidenced by the significantly under-represented proportion of non-white individuals in these RCTs as compared with the prevalence of non-white individuals in the general population of the USA (−23%, p=0.002) and Canada (−34%, p<0.0001), reaching an alarming gap of −58% in relation to Brazil and striking under-representation of −68% as compared with South Africa. Similar discrepancies in proportions of blacks, Asians and Indigenous peoples as compared with reference nations were found. Moreover, the trial sites (n=1859) were predominately located in high-income countries (84.2%), in sharp contrast to the global prevalence of obesity that is predominantly in low-income and middle-income countries.ConclusionThere are discrepancies in representation of racialised and ethnically diverse populations in obesity trials as compared with multiethnic populations worldwide. These data highlight the need for broader reform in the research process in order to ultimately address health inequities.
Conceptual framework for data harmonisation in mental health using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: an example with the R2D2-MH consortium
Authors: Black Melissa H , Buitelaar Jan , Charman Tony , Ecker Christine , Gallagher Louise , Hens Kristien , Jones Emily , Murphy Declan , Sadaka Yair , Schaer Marie , St Pourcain Beate , Wolke Dieter , Bonnot-Briey Stef , Bourgeron Thomas , Bölte Sven 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionAdvancing research and support for neurologically diverse populations requires novel data harmonisation methods that are capable of aligning with contemporary approaches to understanding health and disability.ObjectivesWe present the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) as a conceptual framework to support harmonisation of mental health data and present a proof of principle within the Risk and Resilience in Developmental Diversity and Mental Health (R2D2-MH) consortium.Method138 measures from various mental health datasets were linked to the ICF following the WHO’s established linking rules.FindingsFindings support the notion that the ICF can assist in the harmonisation of mental health data. The high level of shared ICF codes provides indications of where items may be readily harmonised to develop datasets that may align more readily with contemporary approaches to understanding health and disability. Although the linking process necessarily entails an element of subjectivity, the application of established rules can increase rigour and transparency of the harmonisation process.ConclusionsWe present the first steps towards data harmonisation in mental health that is compatible with contemporary approaches in psychiatry, being more capable of capturing diversity and aligning with more transdiagnostic and neurodiversity-affirmative ways of understanding data.Clinical implicationsOur findings show promise, but future work is needed to address quantitative harmonisation. Similarly, issues related to the traditionally ‘pathophysiological’ frameworks that existing datasets are often embedded in can hinder the full potential of harmonisation based on the ICF.
Incidence, prevalence and risk factors for comorbid mental illness among people with hypertension and type 2 diabetes in West Africa: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ayiku Roberta Naa Barkey , Jahan Yasmin , Adjei-Banuah Nhyira Yaw , Antwi Edward , Awini Elizabeth , Ohene Sammy , Agyepong Irene Akua , Mirzoev Tolib , Amoakoh-Coleman Mary 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionMental illness remains a significant global health concern that affects diverse populations, including individuals living with hypertension and/or type 2 diabetes, predominantly in lower-income to middle-income countries. The association between non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and mental illness is firmly established globally, however, this connection has yet to be comprehensively explored in West Africa. Our systematic review and meta-analysis aim to synthesise existing evidence on the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors for comorbid mental illness with hypertension and/or type 2 diabetes in West Africa. This effort seeks to contribute to bridging the knowledge gap and facilitating the implementation of interventions tailored to this context.Methods and analysisA comprehensive search will be conducted across multiple databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, PsycINFO, Carin Info and CINAHL), supplemented by searches on the websites of the WHO and various countries’ ministries of health, and references cited in relevant papers. Inclusion criteria specify studies conducted in countries from the Economic Community of West African States, reported from January 2000 until date of search, focusing on adults with hypertension and/or type 2 diabetes and mental illness. Exclusion criteria encompass studies outside the specified time frame, involving pregnant women, or lacking relevant outcomes. There will be no language restrictions for inclusion. Study selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment will be carried out independently by at least two reviewers. We will employ pooled proportions of OR, risk ratio and mean differences to assess prevalence, and incidence of mental illness and heterogeneity will be assessed.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol does not require ethical approval; however, it is a part of a larger study on NCDs, which has received ethical clearance from the Ghana Health Service (ID NO: GHS-ERC 013/02/23). The results will be presented to stakeholders (policymakers and practitioners) and disseminated through conferences and peer-reviewed publications.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023450732.
Combined prediagnostic lifestyle factors and survival of breast, colorectal and lung cancer in the Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) study: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Chen Sairah Lai Fa , Borch Kristin Benjaminsen , Sandanger Torkjel Manning , Tinmouth Jill , Braaten Tonje , Nøst Therese Haugdahl 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundWith improvements in cancer treatment and early detection, the number of people living with cancer is increasing.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the association between combined prediagnostic lifestyle factors, assessed by a Healthy Lifestyle Index (HLI) score, and mortality among women diagnosed with breast cancer (BC), colorectal cancer (CRC) and lung cancer (LC).DesignProspective cohort.SettingWomen residing in Norway, general population.ParticipantsOur analysis included 5032, 2468 and 1594 women from the Norwegian Women and Cancer study diagnosed with BC, CRC and LC, respectively, who responded to a questionnaire between 1996 and 2014.Exposure measuresHLI score measured prior to cancer diagnosis. The HLI combines physical activity level, body mass index, smoking behaviour, alcohol consumption and dietary habits.Outcome measuresWe estimated HRs and 95% CIs using Cox proportional hazard models for all-cause and site-specific cancer mortality.ResultsAfter median follow-up times of 9.8, 7.1 and 5.9 years for BC, CRC and LC cases, respectively, there were 912, 902 and 1094 all-cause deaths; and 509 BC deaths, 679 CRC deaths and 961 LC deaths. For women diagnosed with BC, a 1-point HLI score increment was associated with a 6% lower all-cause mortality rate (HR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.92 to 0.97). The data were compatible with no association for the estimated 3% lower BC mortality rate (HR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.94 to 1.00) among women diagnosed with BC, and for the estimated 3% lower all-cause (HR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.95 to 1.00) and 2% lower CRC mortality rates (HR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.95 to 1.01) among women diagnosed with CRC. For women diagnosed with LC, prediagnostic HLI score was not associated with all-cause (HR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.98 to 1.02) or LC mortality rates (HR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.98 to 1.03).ConclusionsWe observed that a higher HLI score measured before cancer diagnosis was associated with lower all-cause and, possibly, lower BC mortality among Norwegian women diagnosed with BC; and a possible lower all-cause and CRC mortality among those diagnosed with CRC. Smoking was likely responsible for the observed associations.
Mapping context of sedentary behaviour in older adults who are prefrail and frail: an analysis of secondary outcomes from a longitudinal study (MAPS-B)
Authors: Rodrigues Isabel B , Kalra Mayank , Zheng Rong , Rabinovich Alexander , Ioannidis George , Kobsar Dylan , Bray Steven R , Adachi Jonathan D , Fang Qiyin , Papaioannou Alexandra 
Published: November 2024

ObjectivesTo map the context of sedentary behaviour in older adults who are prefrail and frail during the winter and spring over 3 days (2 weekdays and 1 weekend) and to determine if certain types of sedentary behaviours are associated with health outcomes.DesignMixed methods, prospective longitudinal cohort study.SettingCommunity-dwelling older adults living in southern Ontario, Canada.ParticipantsWe recruited 21 older adults (72±7.3 years, 13 females, 13 frail) and experienced two dropouts.ResultsParticipants accumulated a total of 18.4±2.6 hours/day of sedentary time in winter and 17.7±3.1 hours/day in spring. When considering daily indoor sedentary time (excluding sleep), participants accumulated 7.6±4.0 hours/day in winter and 6.3±2.7 hours/day in spring. In the spring, 68% of participants accumulated <8 hours/day of ≥15 min bouts of indoor sedentary time compared with 63% in the winter. Although there were no differences in sedentary time between seasons, we found a significant decrease in step count in winter (1190 fewer steps, 95% CI −2228 to −153 steps). There were no differences in sedentary time or step count between the weekday and weekend or between individuals who were prefrail and frail. There were no seasonal variations in participants’ sedentary activities; the most common activities were watching television (TV), eating, napping, browsing the internet and socialising. We also found there may be gender differences in time and activities. Individuals who identified as female were more sedentary than individuals who were male. Almost all indoor behaviours occurred in the living/family room. Sedentary time was evenly spread throughout the day; however, prolonged sedentary behaviours ≥60 min mainly occurred in the evening regardless of the season. Step count in both winter and spring was positively associated with the Nottingham Activity of Daily Living assessment. There was an inverse association between sedentary behaviours ≥60 min (not including sleeping) and the 5×sit-to-stand and grip strength.ConclusionThe current definition of sedentary behaviour requires modification to capture total sedentary time, continuous bouts >60 min, the types of behaviours, time of day and season.Trial registration numberNCT05661058.
Parent carer and disabled young people’s perspectives on the impacts of changes to service provision for children and young people in England during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study
Authors: Merrick Hannah , Driver Helen , Potts Lily , Exley Catherine , Allard Amanda , Morris Christopher , Parr Jeremy R , Pennington Lindsay 
Published: November 2024

ObjectivesIn England, the delivery of health, education and social care services changed substantially during COVID-19. Some services closed, some had reduced capacity and there was a shift to the use of telehealth. This study aimed to understand how families of children and young people with neurodisability experienced these service changes, what did or did not work well for them and what impact the service changes had on them.DesignQualitative study with parent carers of children (aged 0–19 years) with neurodisability accessing children’s health, social care and education-based services during the COVID-19 pandemic.SettingParticipants were recruited from five local authority areas in England and interviewed via telephone and/or video call.Participants48 parent carers (45 mothers, three fathers) were interviewed and nine young people (aged 8–16 years). Across the parent carers there were 55 children with neurodisability (43 males, 12 females), ranging from 3 to 19 years. Children had a range of diagnoses, including autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, cerebral palsy, genetic conditions and epilepsy. Nine young people (aged 8–16 years; eight males, one female) were interviewed; two individually, three in a focus group and four with their parent carer.ResultsFour themes were identified: (1) communication of service changes, (2) access to services during the pandemic, (3) impacts of service changes and (4) learning for future emergencies and resetting services. Communication of service changes was reported as poor and confusing. Access to services during the pandemic varied. Medical services continued with least disruption; therapeutic, education-based and social care services were severely disrupted. Service changes had a detrimental impact on families coping with high levels of medical care and physical and behavioural support. Young people experienced negative impacts of service change on their physical, mental and behavioural health.ConclusionsServices for children with neurodisability require a person-led, family centred approach with strong multidisciplinary team working. Findings indicated the need for improved communication within and between services, and between services and families and young people. Planning for future emergencies needs to factor in the specific health and care needs of children with neurodisability and maintain access to services, in particular, those accessed through schools.
Incidence of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder in children and adolescents across the UK and Ireland: a BPSU and CAPSS surveillance study
Authors: Sanchez-Cerezo Javier , Neale Josephine , Julius Nikita , Lynn Richard M , Hudson Lee , Nicholls Dasha 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveWe aimed to estimate the incidence of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) in children and adolescents (CA) presenting to secondary care in the UK and Republic of Ireland (ROI).DesignThis observational surveillance study used the British Paediatric Surveillance Unit and the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Surveillance System. Monthly electronic reports were submitted by consultant paediatricians and child and adolescent psychiatrists from 1 March 2021 to 31 March 2022, with outcomes assessed at a 1-year follow-up.SettingThe UK and ROI.ParticipantsClinician-reported data on children and young people aged 5–17 (inclusive) in contact with paediatric services or CA mental health services for a new diagnosis of ARFID.Primary outcome measuresAnnual incidence rates (IRs) estimated as confirmed new cases per 100 000 population at risk.Results319 newly diagnosed cases of ARFID were reported over the 13-month surveillance period and assessed as eligible for inclusion. The mean age of the sample was 11.2 years (SD=3.8). The sample consisted of 145 females (45.5%). Most cases were of white British ethnicity (71.2%). The observed IR (IR0) in the UK was 2.79 per 100 000 CA (95% CI 2.48 to 3.13), with a higher IRo in males (2.98 per 100 000 CA (95% CI 2.55 to 3.49)) than in females (2.58 per 100 000 CA (95% CI 2.18 to 3.07)). Comorbidity was common in this sample with anxiety and autism spectrum disorder. At follow-up, 54.8% of cases had improved according to clinicians’ clinical impression.ConclusionsWe conducted the first study reporting estimates of incidence of ARFID in CA in the UK and ROI presenting to secondary care. Our finding that ARFID is a disorder of relatively low incidence in CA should help inform service planning and resource allocation, as well as the development of evidence-based interventions.
Impact of gastrointestinal symptoms and psychological distress on quality of life in systemic sclerosis: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Alcala-Gonzalez Luis Gerardo , Guillen-Del-Castillo Alfredo , Aguilar Ariadna , Barber Claudia , Codina Claudia , Marin Garcia Antonio , Malagelada Carolina , Simeon-Aznar Carmen P 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundSystemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterised by microvascular damage and fibrosis. Mortality in patients with SSc has significantly decreased. Consequently, patients with SSc have longer life expectancy, and health-related quality of life (HrQoL) has become more relevant in the comprehensive management of the disease.ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact between gastrointestinal (GI) symptom burden and psychological well-being on HrQoL in patients with SSc.DesignNested cross-sectional study conducted between January and July 2022.ParticipantsA single-centre cohort of 166 patients with SSc, including 103 (55%) with limited cutaneous SSc, 43 (24%) with diffuse SSc and 37 (21%) with sine-sclerosis SSc.Main measuresGI symptom burden was assessed using the University of California Los Angeles Scleroderma Clinical Trial Consortium gastrointestinal tract 2.0 (UCLA SCTC GIT 2.0) questionnaire, psychological well-being was measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and HrQoL was evaluated using the Short Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire. Demographic, clinical and immunological data were collected from a prospectively maintained database.Key resultsPatients with moderate to severe GI symptoms (UCLA SCTC GIT 2.0 score >0.5, n=95, 57%) reported decreased HrQoL in all subdomains except vitality by SF-36, and higher anxiety and depression scores by HADS (all p<0.05). The severity of GI symptom burden and depression were independently associated with a decline in the physical component of QoL (β=−0.273 and β=−0.411, respectively, p<0.01 for both). Only the severity of depression and anxiety (β=−0.482 and β=−0.213, respectively, p<0.05), but not GI symptom burden, were independently associated with a decline in the mental component of QoL.ConclusionsOur data suggest that in patients with SSc, GI and psychological burden negatively influence quality of life independently, highlighting the need for a holistic approach to patient’s care.