bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling of Intrinsic Loss Processes in the Intermediate Band Solar Cells
Authors: Arefinia Zahra 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
For the first time, the formalism of intrinsic loss processes such as below-band gap, thermalisation, angle mismatch, Carnot and emission loss in the intermediate band solar cells (SCs) is obtained by a theoretical framework based on the principle of detailed balance approach, and with the physical origins of losses discussed in terms of photon absorption and emission in the presence of intermediate energy band (IB). Then, the effect of IB position on each intrinsic loss in the intermediate band SCs is investigated. The results show that the introduction of IB reduces the below-band gap loss due to absorption of low energy photons by narrower sub-band gap and reduces the thermalisation loss due to absorption of high energy photons by the band gap of host semiconductor. Furthermore, the thermalisation and angle mismatch losses are dominant fractions of intrinsic loss, while the emission loss presents less than 2.2 % of intrinsic loss.
Employment of Mechanical Testing to Evaluate the Effect of Density on Asphalt Pavement Performance
Authors: Zeinali Alireza , Blankenship Phillip B. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Considering the budget allotted to construct and maintain roadway surfaces, a 5 to 10 % increase in their performance could potentially yield annual savings of billions of dollars. Considering this, the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KYTC) launched a project to better understand the effect of in-place density on the durability of their hot-mix asphalt (HMA) pavements. In-place density is known to be a crucial factor in HMA performance. The Asphalt Institute in cooperation with the KYTC embarked upon the research and collected numerous HMA samples from five pavement construction sites in Kentucky. An experimental laboratory plan was developed to examine potential improvement in the mixtures’ performance if they were compacted to a desired higher density. The laboratory test plan consisted of flow number, flexural beam fatigue, and disk-shaped compact tension tests to evaluate the mixtures’ performance with respect to rutting, fatigue cracking, and low-temperature cracking. A statistical analysis of the results was performed to evaluate the effect of density on the durability of each of the pavements. The results showed that the service life of the pavements could improve considerably by achieving a target density of 92 %. The compactibility of the HMA mixtures was also investigated through their compaction characteristic curves by using the Superpave gyratory compactor. Based upon the compactibility analysis, the mixtures could be better compacted in the field by increasing their lift thickness.
Sodium Bicarbonate Treatment on Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Coir Fibres
Authors: Bakri B. , Putra A. E. E. , Mochtar A. A. , Renreng I. , Arsyad H. 
Published: October 2018

Natural fibres as reinforcement of composite have been applied during the last decade. One of natural fibre has been used as reinforcement is coir fibre. As reinforcement of composite, such fibre needs treatment to improve compatibility with its matrix with suitable treatment. In this paper, surface treatment of such fibre was conducted using sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) solution with various densities and soaking time differences. Mechanical and morphological properties of coir fibre were investigated. Coir fibres were soaked in the 8 wt.%, 10 wt.%, and 12 wt.% sodium bicarbonate solution for 24 hours and 120 hours. After treatment, coir fibres were characterized with tensile testing, scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The results suggested that mechanical properties of coir fibre after sodium bicarbonate solution changed for all densities and soaking time. The coir fibre treated in 12 wt.% sodium bicarbonate for soaking time 120 hours has highest tensile strength. The surface morphology of fibre was analyzed by using SEM. It showed micropores on the fibre surface which may influence the mechanical properties of coir fibre.
PROBLEMA NASKH DALAM ALQURAN (KRITIK HASBI ASH-SHIDDIQIEY TERHADAP KAJIAN NASKH)
Authors: Aziz Thoriq 
Published: October 2018

Naskh-mansūkh merupakan salah satu ilmu dari beberapa ilmu Alquran yang dapat dijadikan sebagai ‘alat’ untuk memahami pesan-pesan wahyu Alquran. Naskh-mansūkh merupakan salah satu kajian yang sudah lama menjadi bahan perbincangan para ulama terdahulu. Akan tetapi, pembahasan terkait naskh-mansūkh ini masih menyisakan problem oleh sebagian ulama’ lain sehingga terdapat pro-kontra dalam menanggapi naskh-mansūkh itu sendiri. Selain problem pemahaman atas makna naskh, sebenarnya masih ada lagi problem yang oleh sementara ulama masih mempertanyakan akan “keberadaan” naskh-mansūkh dalam Alquran. Sebagian besar (jumhur) ulama’ meyakini adanya naskh dalam Alquran sementara sebagian kecil lainnya masih mempertanyakan keberadaanya. Sarjana Indonesia tampak ada yang ikut meramaikan perdebatan kajian naskh tersebut, sarjana itu ialah Teungku Muhammad Hasbi Ash-Shiddieqy. Dalam menanggapi pro-kontra tersebut dengan tegas Hasbi menempatkan posisinya pada kelompok kedua. Lalu pertanyaanya bagaimanakah Hasbi, dalam pemikirannya terkait naskh dapat berkesimpulan seperti itu? Lalu bagaimanakah upaya Hasbi dalam ‘mendamaikan’ ayat-ayat Alquran yang oleh sebagian ulama mengklaim terdapat naskh dalam Alquran? Jenis penelitian ini adalah kepustakaan (literer). Penelitian ini menemukan kritik Hasbi yang menolak keras akan adanya naskh dalam Alquran. Hasbi mengemukakan argumen-argumen untuk menolak ulama yang mengakui adanya naskh, baik argumen yang berasal dari aql (rasio) maupun naql (teks). Tidak sebatas itu, Hasbi mengkompromikan ayat-ayat Alquran yang dinilai oleh sebagian ulama’ mengandung nask-mansūkh dengan metode tafsir dan takhsis. Sehingga Hasbi menegaskan tidak ada ayat yang naskh atau mansūkh di dalam Alquran.
Inappropriate Strategies That Senior High School Students Use When Solving Routine Problems in Basic Algebra
Authors: Amoakoh Patrick Kwabena 
Published: October 2018

The purpose of the study was to identify the inappropriate strategies that senor high school students used when solving routine problems in basic algebra. The study was conducted with second year students of Eguafo Senior High School, Edinaman Senior High School and Komenda Secondary Technical School; all situated in the Central Region of Ghana. The data used in the analysis were collected form 120 students of the various programmes in the Senior High School. The simple random sampling method was used in the selection of the sample and the descriptive sample survey was the research design used. Essay type achievement tests and interview were used in the data collection. The test involved 20 independent test items under 10 routine problems in basic algebra. The test items were carefully selected from various Senior High School Mathematics text books and WAEC past questions under the supervision of the supervisor.
Students were assembled in their classrooms for the administration of the tests. The tests were administered during official school hours. A total of thirty students, ten from each school were interviewed individually on their solutions to the test items. The failure strategies identified were observed to have comprised one or some combinations of a number of errors classified into six types as follows: a. Sign Errors, Misconception, Slip-shod Errors, Misapplication of RulesComputational Errors and Miscellaneous Errors. It was recommended that textbook authors in their text books should caution students on the possible common mistakes students make with each topic.
Influence of Tax Knowledge and Awareness on Tax Compliance Among Investors in the Export Processing Zones in Kenya
Authors: Bernard Obongo Matibe , S. Memba Dr. Florence , Oluoch Dr. Oluoch 
Published: October 2018

The objective of this study was to examine the influence of tax knowledge & awareness on tax compliance among Export Processing Zones investors in Kenya. This research used a cross sectional survey research design. The study population comprised of 152 duly registered and licensed firms by the Export Processing Zones Authority. Since all the registered investors in the three Kenyan Cities were considered for the study, a census sampling technique was employed. Primary data was gathered using structured questionnaires and captured through a 5-point type Likert Scale questionnaire. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used in the analysis of data. Data was analyzed by use of descriptive and inferential statistics. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), multiple regression and correlation analysis was carried out to test the hypothesis. The study established that a significant number of organizations put emphasis on employee training geared at improving their tax knowledge and awareness, thus facilitating tax compliance. The study findings revealed that tax knowledge & awareness has a very close relationship with taxpayers’ ability to understand the laws and regulations of taxation, and their ability to comply with them. It was therefore possible to conclude that firms with well-trained employees on tax issues had a high likelihood of complying voluntarily with tax laws and regulations. The study also led to a conclusion that tax knowledge and awareness had a positive and significant relationship with tax compliance. The study recommends that the Revenue Authorities should embark on public awareness campaigns to educate the public and investors on their role and responsibilities in taxation rather than approaching the matter from a legal obligation perspective. This will create a sense of responsibility in compliance rather than fear for non-compliance. Putting in place active customer oriented information desks as well as client feedback mechanisms is also a necessary tool of increasing tax compliance. Further, more robust measures should be adopted in educating the public and investors on the tax issues and policies through regular training programmes, media advertisements, workshops and seminars.

Key Words: Tax Compliance, Tax Knowledge & Awareness, Export Processing Zones
Influence of Cost of Tax Compliance on Tax Compliance Among Investors in The Export Processing Zones in Kenya.
Authors: Bernard Obongo Matibe , Memba Dr. Florence S. , Oluoch Dr. Oluoch 
Published: October 2018

The objective of this study was to establish the influence of cost of tax compliance on tax compliance among the Export Processing Zones investors in Kenya. This research used a cross sectional survey research design. The study population comprised of 152 duly registered and licensed firms by the Export Processing Zones Authority. Since all the registered investors in the three Kenyan Cities were considered for the study, a census sampling technique was employed. Primary data was gathered using structured questionnaires and captured through a 5-point type Likert Scale questionnaire. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used in the analysis of data. Data was analyzed by use of descriptive and inferential statistics. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), multiple regression and correlation analysis was carried out to test the hypothesis. The study findings indicated that the cost of tax compliance influenced tax compliance to a great extent with a mean score of 4.02. This implies that tax compliance cost is a key determinant of tax compliance. Tax compliance costs play a key role in determining the level of a firm’s tax compliance. These costs include both direct and indirect costs such as auditing costs, costs of hiring tax personnel, agents & experts, time taken to complete tax assessment & returns filing as well as the accessing, employing and retaining knowledgeable staff; all for purposes of tax compliance. The study concludes that the cost of tax compliance is statistically significant in explaining tax compliance. The findings imply that taxpayers will comply more when tax compliance costs are lower and tax systems adequately simplified. The study recommends that governments and revenue authorities need to actively engage business enterprises through regular sensitizations on proper record keeping. Proper record keeping will facilitate; simplified tax preparations, returns filing, advance knowledge on tax laws and regulations as well as tax payments. Sensitization on basic tax calculation procedures is also key in the reduction of indirect costs associated with tax compliance.

Key Words: Tax compliance, Cost of Tax Compliance, Export Processing Zones.
Teachers’ And Students’ Attitudes Towards Integrating Environmental Education in the Secondary School Curriculum for Managing Environmental Degradation in Machakos Sub County, Kenya
Authors: Chikati Timothy Mandila 
Published: October 2018

This study investigated implementation of integrated environmental education in the secondary school curriculum for managing environmental degradation in Machakos Sub-County. The study was thus informed by Fullan’s theory of educational change (2007). The theory views the implementation of IEE programme through lenses of four independent variables identified as need; clarity; complexity; quality and practicality on the one hand and teachers’ and students’ levels of environmental awareness, knowledge, skills, attitudes and participation as dependent variables on the other hand. These variables network with local factors and external factors as intervening variables to determine the IEE implementation process. The study employed cross-section survey design under the quantitative approach. Probability sampling designs were used to select participants for the study. The target population of this study was public secondary schools, teachers and form 4 students from Machakos Sub-County. Stratified and simple random sampling techniques were employed in sampling secondary schools, teachers and students. Questionnaires were used for data collection. Quantitative data were analysed using simple descriptive statistics. Overall study findings demonstrated that both teachers’ and students’ attitudes towards integrated environmental education in the secondary school curriculum were fairly positive though not adequate enough for effective implementation of IEE in the school curriculum hence, the unyielding environmental degradation in Machakos Sub-County. The study recommended that The Ministry of Education and the relevant urgencies such as KICD, DQAS and KNEC work jointly with school managers to draw an action plan to reinforce and intensify teachers’ and students’ levels of environmental attitudes through pre-service and in-service training, workshops and seminars on contemporary environmental issues. It is also recommended that studies are undertaken to understand those impediments that impede change in teachers’ and students’ environmental attitudes so that useful and practical interventions can be identified.
Teachers' Attitude Toward Mathematics Classroom Discourse In Secondary Schools In Kenya
Authors: Jackson Mwelese , Aurah Dr. Catherine , Wanjala Dr. Martin 
Published: October 2018

This study was designed to investigate the teachers’ attitude towards classroom discourse and how their attitude is associated with their classroom instructional practices. Their attitude was characterized by their conceptions about the nature of mathematics and their views about classroom discourse in the face of current reforms in mathematics. Mixed method research design was adopted. The study was based on theoretical frameworks of Vygotsky (1978) and Bruner (1986). The study was conducted in secondary schools in Vihiga County, Kenya. Proportionate stratified and simple random sampling techniques were used to select the sample. Data was collected using questionnaires, interview schedule and classroom observation checklist. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The results of this study show that teachers in the control set ups tend to hold strong conceptions about mathematics that are consistent with the instrumental view. Their conceptions were not in line with the recommended reform approaches and have both desirable and undesirable consequences in the way teachers teach in the classroom. In view of the findings, it was recommended that in-order to gradually challenge the teachers’ negative conceptions about mathematical classroom discourse, adequate educational interventions should be planned and implemented in teacher education programmes to support the teachers in concretizing these conceptions.
Linguistic reflections of children’s transformation from Circadian to Newtonian time and the direction of time
Authors: OZCAN Mehmet 
Published: October 2018

Both linguistically and conceptually, the acquisition of time by children is pretty late when the process is compared with the acquisition and usage of linguistic elements denoting objects, states, actions and situations. This study investigated how children transform their Circadian time to Bergsonian time and how they encode Newtonian time linguistically.
The study was carried out by the researcher’s longitudinal observation of his three daughters from the ages 2 to 10. In order to verify the idiosyncratic temporal production of the three children, cross-sectional data were also collected using a day organization test.
The results show that, (a) children between the ages of 3 and 4 live more in deictic time in that they refer to momentarily completed events such as a parent’s or sibling’s coming home or doing something which is worth mentioning from point of view of the child (“Baba geldi” ‘Daddy is home.’ or “düştü” ‘(it) fell’). (b) Children live in the Circadian time until the ages of 8-11 in that they conceive of and state time with reference to zeitgebers such as sleep-wake or day-night cycles. They also live simultaneously in Bergsonian time in that they refer to temporal units (e.g. days) with reference to the closest temporal unit (e.g. Dünden sonra” ‘The day dfter yesterday’ to mean the day before yesterday and “Yarından sonra” ‘The day after tomorrow’. (d) They begin to adopt Newtonian time with reference to certain successive events such as “Two days earlier” and then refine their conceptualization of Newtonian time by referring to hours (but not minutes). (e) Children are pretty ahead of Newtonian time in the construction of complex temporal relations linguistically.
Complexity Leadership Theory and its contribution to decentralized water management analysis and practice
Authors: Nyoni Myengwa Joshua Madida 
Published: October 2018

Water management systems in the world have evolved considreably in the last three decades from the traditional "prediction and control"(Phl-Wostl, 2006. p49) approach to more integrative approaches.(Biswas,2004,@004, p24). Practioners in the discipline may find inspiration from a number of leadership approaches in the literature that include transformational, intgrative, collabroative and entrepreneurial leadership, inter alia(Meijerink, S.2011). Another recent and interesting addition to leaadership literature is found in Complexity Leadership Theory(CLT) as developed by UHl-Bien, Marion and Bill McKelvey(@007). It is premised on on seeking understanding on how organisations respond to pressures in the modern knowledge era, in the contemporary and current work environment as well as in evolving circumstances. The model draws from complexity science, which is the " study of the behaviour of large collections of ....simple, interacting units endowed with the potential to evolve with time"(Coveney, 2003, p.1058 cited in Uhl-Bien et al 2007, p.299). In this respect the central tenet behind Complexity leadership theory is the use of the concept of complex adaptive systems(CAS) where issues of leadership , which is understood as the capacity to influence others, are seen as not as positions of authority but roles, are entangled between members of an organisation and "can be enacted within everyinteraction between members"(Lichenstein and Plowman 2009, p.618). In unpacking the conceptual framework behind CLT, there a reflection on the dynamic relationship between the bureacratic, administrative functions of the organisations and the emergent, informal dynamics of complex adaptive systems(CAS).The current state of water management, given the competing demands of the biosphere and the socio-sphere are amenable to be relooked at using the CLT lens. The concept of adaptive water management of water resources(Pahl-Wostl, 2006,p.49) is reviewed in realtion to CLT.
Key words: complexity theory, complex adaptive systems, creativity, learning and adaptive water management
Implementing Co-Creation And Multiple Intelligence Practices To Transform The Classroom Experience
Authors: Wilson Stefanie D. 
Published: October 2018

Co-creating with a diverse population of learners to enhance their educational experience requires apt skills, namely, multiple intelligence practices. Through the lens of adult learning theories to include multiple intelligences developed by Harvard psychologist Howard Gardner, this empirical research study of a classroom scenario examines the relationship between co-creating and multiple intelligences leadership practices and presents examples of positive effects of co-creating and multiple intelligence practices that have transformed the classroom experience. This article integrates the broader literature on adult learning theories to include theories of multiple intelligences and generates new research and insight for current and future educators to implement and transform the classroom experience.
The Gap In Meeting The Educational And Support Needs Of Women With Takotsubo Syndrome Compared To Women With An Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Schubert Simone Claire , Kucia Angela , Hofmeyer Anne 
Published: October 2018

Background: Takotsubo Syndrome is a condition that causes impairment in cardiac function in the absence of significant causative coronary artery disease. Takotsubo Syndrome is most commonly reported in older women, has identical presenting symptoms to acute coronary syndrome (ACS),but differs in cause, management and outcomes. Ongoing symptoms and recurrence of Takotsubo Syndrome are not uncommon but little support is available for these women.

Aims: This study compares (1) educational support and (2) participation rates in outpatient cardiac rehabilitation for women with Takotsubo Syndrome or acute coronary syndrome, and (3) ascertains whether or not they perceived similar benefits from these strategies.

Methods: 23 women with Takotsubo Syndrome and 23 age-matched women with acute coronary syndrome were mailed a structured questionnaire based on cardiac rehabilitation (CR) components.

Findings: The questionnaire response rate was 48% (n=11) for the Takotsubo Syndrome group and 30% (n=7) for the acute coronary syndrome group. 18% (n=2) of the women with Takotsubo Syndrome and 71% (n=5) of the women with acute coronary syndrome attended cardiac rehabilitation, with all attendees perceiving that it was beneficial in aiding their recovery. Of the nine women with Takotsubo Syndrome that did not attend cardiac rehabilitation, 67% (n=6) perceived that it would have been helpful in aiding their recovery. Women with Takotsubo Syndrome were less likely to receive educational support about their condition, particularly stress management and participate in CR compared with women with ACS, despite perceiving that elements of CR would have been helpful in aiding their recovery.

Conclusions: Women with ACS had higher CR participation rates than those with Takotsubo Syndrome, and were more likely to receive educational support, particularly following hospital discharge. The majority of women with Takotsubo Syndrome were not exposed to educational support in their recovery, suggesting a role for CR tailored to the needs of these women. Nurses can take practical steps to address these gaps by providing emotional support and education for women with Takotsubo Syndrome in stress management to enhance their quality of life and reduce potential recurrence.