bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Onychoscopic evaluation of onychomycosis in a tertiary care teaching hospital: a cross‐sectional study from South India
Authors: Chetana Kayathi , Menon Roshni , David Brinda G. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundOnychoscopy is the dermoscopic evaluation of nail and associated structures. It is useful in identifying the various onychoscopic patterns which act as a link between naked eye examination and nail histopathology and may help in avoiding nail biopsy in unnecessary cases.ObjectivesTo evaluate the onychoscopic patterns in confirmed cases of onychomycosis.MethodsAn observational, prospective, cross‐sectional study was performed in 500 patients with symptoms related to the nails and nail folds. Onychomycosis was confirmed in 234 patients by KOH mount/fungal culture/biopsy. These patients underwent dermoscopy with a handheld 20× polarized contact dermoscope (Heine's delta 20 T). The dermoscopic patterns were identified, and their correlation with the clinical subtype of onychomycosis was analyzed.ResultsThe study included 234 confirmed cases of onychomycosis. The common dermoscopic patterns observed were spikes (43.16%), jagged (29.9%), longitudinal striae (49.1%), linear edge (3.4%), and distal irregular termination (34.6%). The statistically significant findings of distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis (DLSO) were longitudinal striae, spikes, and jagged patterns. The new patterns observed in our study are bluish streaks and globules (8.9%) and bluish gray globules (7.6%) in cases of DLSO which were not statistically significant.ConclusionOnychoscopy, being handy, inexpensive, and noninvasive, has the potential to reduce the invasive procedures. Statistically significant patterns in DLSO and total dystrophic onychomycosis (TDO) are described in our study. Few new patterns have been described whose significance has to be tested by conducting larger sample size studies.
Clinical and dermoscopic spectrum of discoid lupus erythematosus: novel observations from lips and oral mucosa
Authors: Salah Eman 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundUnder dermoscopy, discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) exhibits specific findings. Commonly DLE lesions affect sun‐exposed sites, especially the face. However, most of the dermoscopic reports come from scalp DLE. To our knowledge, the dermoscopic pattern for mucosal and labial DLE has not been previously reported.MethodsThis study included 20 patients with histopathologically confirmed DLE lesions. Full history taking was obtained with photo documentation of lesions including the sites involved, the number of lesions per site, and the total number of lesions affecting every patient. Finally, a dermoscopic examination was performed.ResultsAlmost 85% of patients had only cutaneous DLE lesions, while 15% showed both cutaneous and mucosal lesions. Follicular keratotic plugging (56.1%) and scales (52.6%) were the most frequently detected dermoscopic criteria. A significant correlation was found between lesion's age and the following dermoscopic criteria: (early lesions: follicular keratotic plugs and perifollicular white halos; while late lesions: telangiectasia and white structureless areas). Furthermore, telangiectasia, white structureless areas, and ulceration were found in dermoscopy of mucosal DLE. Also, telangiectasia, brown pigment spots, scales, white structureless areas, bleeding spots, and erosions were detected in dermoscopy of labial DLE. Moreover, labial storiform telangiectasia was seen under dermoscopy in patients with associated SLE.ConclusionsDermoscopy is a valuable tool for diagnosing DLE at different sites and in differentiating between the early and end‐stage lesions. Herein, we reported the first dermoscopic view for DLE affecting the lips and oral mucosa. Labial storiform telangiectasia could be a dermoscopic sign of coexisting SLE.
Understanding the structural characteristics, pasting and rheological behaviours of pregelatinised cassava starch
Authors: Wang Xintian , Wang Hongwei , Song Jianing , Zhang Yangyang , Zhang Hua 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThe structural characteristics, pasting and rheological behaviours of cassava starch before and after pregelatinisation were determined by various modern analysis techniques. Pregelatinisation, especially in an ultrasonic environment, can disrupt the granule structure, crystalline structure and short‐range ordered molecular structure of cassava starch. Compared with native starch, pregelatinisation had significantly decreased viscosities and weakened gel structures of starch pastes. Not only did native and pregelatinised starch pastes exhibit shear‐thinning behaviours but also the pregelatinised treatment resulted in the formation of weak gel structures. This study enabled us to acquire the desired pasting and rheological properties of pregelatinised starch by modulating its hierarchical structural changes.
The importance of pulse pressure on cardiovascular risk and total mortality in the general population: Is sex relevant?
Authors: Tadic Marijana , Quarti‐Trevano Fosca , Bombelli Michele , Facchetti Rita , Cuspidi Cesare , Mancia Giuseppe , Grassi Guido 
Published: April 2018

The aim of the present study is to investigate the predictive value of pulse pressure (PP) on cardiovascular events in the general population and in both sexes, separately. The study involved 2045 participants from the PAMELA study who underwent 24‐hour ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring. The participants were followed from the initial medical visit for a time interval of 137 ± 23 months. It was found that office, home, and 24‐hour blood pressures were significantly higher in the individuals who experienced cardiovascular (CV) events. Office, 24‐hour, and daytime PP were independent predictors of CV events after adjustment for main demographic and clinical parameters in the whole study population. Nighttime PP was an additional independent predictor in men. In conclusion, PP represents an important predictor of cardiovascular events in the general population, particularly among men. Daytime and 24‐hour PP have greater predictive importance than nighttime PP in the general population.
Does perinatal exposure to exogenous oxytocin influence child behavioural problems and autistic‐like behaviours to 20 years of age?
Authors: Guastella Adam J. , Cooper Matt N. , White Christopher R.H. , White Melanie K. , Pennell Craig E. , Whitehouse Andrew J.O. 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundThe neuropeptide and hormone oxytocin is known to have a significant impact on social cognition and behaviour in humans. There is growing concern regarding the influence of exogenous oxytocin (OT) administration in early life on later social and emotional development, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). No study has examined offspring development in relation to the dose of exogenous oxytocin administered during labour.MethodsBetween 1989 and 1992, 2,900 mothers were recruited prior to the 18th week of pregnancy, delivering 2,868 live offspring. The Child Behaviour Checklist was used to measure offspring behavioural difficulties at ages 5, 8, 10, 14 and 17 years. Autism spectrum disorder was formally diagnosed by consensus of a team of specialists. At 20 years, offspring completed a measure of autistic‐like traits, the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ). Oxytocin exposure prior to birth was analysed using categorical and continuous approaches (maternal oxytocin dose) with univariate and multivariate statistical techniques.ResultsCategorical analyses of oxytocin exposure prior to birth demonstrated no group differences in any measures of child behaviour. A small in magnitude dose–response association was observed for clinically significant total behaviour symptoms (adjusted odds ratio 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01–1.06, p < .01). Exogenous oxytocin administration prior to birth was not associated with ASD (OR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.15–2.12, p = .46) or high levels of autistic‐like traits (p = .93), as assessed by the AQ.ConclusionsThis study is the first to investigate longitudinal mental health outcomes associated with the use of oxytocin‐based medications during labour. The results do not provide evidence to support the theory that exogenous OT has a clinically significant negative impact on the long‐term mental health of children.
An empirical test for a zone of canalization in thermal reaction norms
Authors: Fossen Erlend I. F. , Pélabon Christophe , Einum Sigurd 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTheoretical models on the evolution of phenotypic plasticity predict a zone of canalization where reaction norms cross, and genetic variation is minimized in the environment a population most frequently encounter. Empirical tests of this prediction are largely missing, in particular for life‐history traits. We addressed this prediction by quantifying thermal reaction norms of three life‐history traits (somatic growth rate, age and size at maturation) of a Norwegian population of Daphnia magna and testing for the occurrence of an intermediate temperature (Tm) at which genetic variance in the traits is minimized. Size at maturation changed relatively little with temperature compared to the other traits, and there was no genetic variance in the shape of the reaction norm. Consequently, age at maturation and somatic growth rate were strongly negatively correlated. Both traits showed a strong genotype–environment interaction, and the estimated Tm was 14 °C for both age at maturation and growth rate. This value of Tm corresponds well with mean summer temperatures experienced by the population and suggests that the population has evolved under stabilizing selection in temperatures that fluctuate around this mean temperature. These results suggest local adaptation to temperature in the studied population and allow predicting evolutionary trajectories of thermal reaction norms under changing thermal regimes.
Collagen IV and laminin‐1 expression in embryonic mouse lens using principal components analysis technique
Authors: SIJILMASSI O. , LÓPEZ ALONSO J.M. , BARRIO ASENSIO M.C. , DEL RÍO SEVILLA A. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryImmunohistochemistry section staining is not always easy to interpret. Manual quantification of immunohistochemical staining is limited by the observer visual ability to detect changes in level staining. Hence, the quantification of immunostaining by means of digital image analysis allows us to measure accurately protein expression percentages in immunobiological stained tissues and ensures to overcome the visual limitations. We perform an experimental study to analyse the impact of folic acid (FA) deficiency into collagen IV and laminin‐1 expression in the embryonic mouse lens. The study starts with microscope images of embryos mouse lens whose mothers fed a diet deficient in FA during 2 and 8 weeks. A principal component analysis (PCA) image processing is used to analyse these images coming from control and FA deficit groups. The method permits to define an index of over‐ or infraexpression of collagen IV and laminin‐1 associated to different spatial organisation structures (PC processes). Additionally, it permits to determine in precise percentage the exact quantity of the overexpression or infraexpression and finally to comprehend molecular regionalisation and expression in both control and deficient groups. The results suggest that even with 2 weeks of deficit of FA the expression and distribution of both molecules is affected.
Characteristics and service needs of women and babies admitted to residential parenting units in New South Wales: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Priddis Holly , Thornton Charlene , Fowler Cathrine , Schmied Virginia , Tooher Jane , Dickinson Marie , Dahlen Hannah G 
Published: April 2018

Aims and objectivesTo examine the characteristics and service needs of women and babies admitted to residential parenting services (RPS) in the first year following birth in New South Wales, Australia.BackgroundIn Australia, there is a tiered system to support maternal, child and family health, which includes RPS.DesignSequential explanatory mixed‐methods design.MethodsIndividual patient data were obtained from a random review of 10% of all medical records (n = 300 of 3,011 admissions) of women with an infant of <12 months of age who were admitted to RPS in 2013. Following review of the medical records, qualitative data were collected via interviews with eight women who accessed RPS. Chi‐square analysis and Student's t test were used to analyse quantitative data. Qualitative data were analysed using a descriptive interpretive approach. An integrative approach was taken in reporting the findings.ResultsWomen admitted to the RPS were on average 32 years of age, were Australian born (72%) and had a university qualification (40%), and most were employed. The majority of women were primiparous (60%) and had a vaginal birth (61%). Women with male infants were much more likely to be admitted to the RPS (58%) compared to the NSW male‐to‐female ratio (51.3% vs. 48.7%). Over 50% of women reported mental health issues with 27% having an Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score ≥13 on admission. The primary reason women sought parenting support was for sleep and settling (83%). During their stay, services used by women included social workers (44%), psychologists (52%) and psychiatrists (4.5%).ConclusionWomen who access RPS report psychosocial and mental health issues. Services provided by RPS support women during this challenging early parenting period by providing multidisciplinary, holistic and peer support.Relevance to clinical practiceA high prevalence of mental health issues identified in this study indicated a need for ongoing training and support for RPS staff. Ensuring clinicians have the appropriate skill sets to best support their clientele will maximise the outcomes for women and families who access RPS during the early parenting period.
Children's and young people's experiences of a parent's critical illness and admission to the intensive care unit: A qualitative meta‐synthesis
Authors: MacEachnie Lise H , Larsen Hanne B , Egerod Ingrid 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundLittle is known about how children and young people experience and manage the critical illness of a parent and a parent's admission to the intensive care unit (ICU).ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to search and interpret the existing literature describing children's and young people's experiences of a parent's illness trajectory in the ICU.MethodA qualitative meta‐synthesis was conducted based on a systematic literature search of online databases.FindingsFour main themes were identified and synthesised to describe the integrated experiences of children and young people: (a) the parent–child bond, (b) the unfamiliar environment, (c) the impact of the illness and (d) the experience of being overseen as close family members.ConclusionExperiencing a parent's critical illness and admittance to the ICU is overwhelming. The bond between the parent and child is exposed by the separation from the ill parent. To comprehend and manage the experience, children and young people seek information depending on their individual capacities. They express a need to be close to their ill parent and to be seen and approached as close members of the family. However, children experience being overseen in their needs for support during their parent's ICU illness with the risk of being left in loneliness, sadness and lack of understanding of the parent's illness.Relevance for clinical practiceChildren and young people as relatives need to be acknowledged as close members of the family, when facing the illness trajectory of a parent, who is admitted to the ICU. They need to be seen as close family members and to be approached in their needs for support in order to promote their well‐being during a family illness crisis. Early supportive interventions tailored to include children of the intensive care patient are recommended.
Family functioning in the context of an adult family member with illness: A concept analysis
Authors: Zhang Yingzi 
Published: April 2018

AimTo describe and explain how the concept of family functioning has been used in the targeted sample of health literature on adult family members with illness.BackgroundUnderstanding the influence of illness on family functioning is central to the provision of patient‐ and family‐centred care. There is lack of consistency in utilising family functioning which creates confusion about the concept and can interfere with theory development in nursing science. A clear conceptual definition of attributes of family functioning based on concept analysis could act as a guide in the development of instruments to assess family functioning, the design of family‐based interventions and their application in clinical practice.DesignConcept analysis.Data sourcesAcademic Search Premier, ProQuest Research Library, Family & Society Studies Worldwide, PsycINFO, SocINDEX, PubMed and CINAHL databases were searched within the last 20 years (1997–Dec. 2016) using the terms “family function*” and “patient.” Studies of paediatric patients and non‐English articles were excluded.MethodRodgers’ evolutionary perspective.ResultsThe findings suggest that family functioning in the context of illness is defined as family members' ability to maintain cohesive relationships with one another, fulfil family roles, cope with family problems, adjust to new family routines and procedures and effectively communicate with each other.ConclusionFurther research is needed to inform nurses’ practice when assessing families or providing patient‐ and family‐centred interventions to support family functioning across different sociocultural and political contexts, and further identification and evaluation of antecedents and consequences regarding family functioning from a nursing perspective.Relevance to clinical practiceHaving a comprehensive understanding of the attributes, antecedents and consequences of ineffective family functioning can facilitate healthcare providers’ ability to identify strengths and potential targets to improve family functioning among their clients.
Correlation between the median particle size of chewed frankfurter sausage and almonds during masticatory performance test
Authors: Sumonsiri P. , Thongudomporn U. , Paphangkorakit J. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThe correlation between chewing and gastric function is best reflected when the same food type is used during both tests. We proposed frankfurter sausage as test food for masticatory performance as it can also be used in gastric emptying test. The suitability of frankfurter sausage to determine masticatory performance, however, has never been examined. To examine the correlations between the median particle size of frankfurter sausage and almonds (as standard test food) after different numbers of chewing cycles. Twenty‐seven subjects performed masticatory performance tests by chewing 2 types of test foods, that is, a piece of almond or 5‐g frankfurter sausage cubes placed in a sealed latex bag, for 5 and 15 chewing cycles. For each individual, right and left sides were tested separately. Chewed samples obtained from both sides were pooled. Median particle sizes were determined using a multiple sieving method. Spearman’s rank correlation was used to examine any correlation between median particle sizes of the 2 test foods after 5 and 15 cycles. Median particle sizes after 5 and 15 cycles were 2.04 ± 0.87 and 0.95 ± 0.58 mm for almonds and 4.16 ± 0.19 and 3.73 ± 0.25 mm for frankfurter sausage, respectively. Significant correlations were observed between the median particle size of chewed frankfurter sausage after 15 cycles and that of chewed almonds after 5 and 15 cycles (r = .76, P < .01 and r = .52, P = .01, respectively). Frankfurter sausage chewed for 15 cycles may be suitable for the determination of masticatory performance in conjunction with gastric emptying test.
“Accept and Utilize”: Alternative Medicine, Minimality, and Ethics in an Indonesian Healing Collective
Authors: Long Nicholas J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCosmopolitan forms of alternative medicine have become very popular in contemporary Indonesia. Many healers have trained in an eclectic range of techniques, predicated on ontological claims so diverse that they call each other's legitimacy into question. This article explores how a collective of alternative healers in central Java navigated the quandaries presented by such therapeutic eclecticism over a six‐year period. Healers’ engagement with, or indifference toward, the principles underpinning therapeutic efficacy fluctuated in ways that allowed them to surmount the dilemmas of Islamization, the changing demographic of their collective's membership, and the threat of commercialization, thereby maintaining a medical landscape in which alternative healing was widely available and accessible. Transformations in their understanding, experience, and practice of healing should thus be understood in terms of how enduring ethical commitments are refracted through ongoing engagements with a changing social world.
Incongruence in molecular species delimitation schemes: What to do when adding more data is difficult
Authors: Jacobs Sarah J. , Kristofferson Casey , Uribe‐Convers Simon , Latvis Maribeth , Tank David C. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractUsing multiple, independent approaches to molecular species delimitation is advocated to accommodate limitations and assumptions of a single approach. Incongruence in delimitation schemes is a potential by‐product of employing multiple methods on the same data, and little attention has been paid to its reconciliation. Instead, a particular scheme is prioritized, and/or molecular delimitations are coupled with additional, independent lines of evidence that mitigate incongruence. We advocate that incongruence within a line of evidence should be accounted for before comparing across lines of evidence that can themselves be incongruent. Additionally, it is not uncommon for empiricists working in nonmodel systems to be data‐limited, generating some concern for the adequacy of available data to address the question of interest. With conservation and management decisions often hinging on the status of species, it seems prudent to understand the capabilities of approaches we use given the data we have. Here, we apply two molecular species delimitation approaches, spedeSTEM and BPP, to the Castilleja ambigua (Orobanchaceae) species complex, a relatively young plant lineage in western North America. Upon finding incongruence in our delimitation, we employed a post hoc simulation study to examine the power of these approaches to delimit species. Given the data we collected, we find that spedeSTEM lacks the power to delimit while BPP is capable, thus allowing us to address incongruence before proceeding in delimitation. We suggest post hoc simulation studies like this compliment empirical delimitation and serve as a means of exploring conflict within a line of evidence and dealing with it appropriately.