bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1445-P: Physical Activity and Insulin Resistance in Midlife Women: 17-Year Longitudinal Associations in SWAN
Authors: BADON SYLVIA E. , GABRIEL KELLEY PETTEE , KARVONEN-GUTIERREZ CARRIE A. , STERNFELD BARBARA , LEE JENNIFER , GOLD ELLEN , WAETJEN ELAINE , HEDDERSON MONIQUE 
Published: June 2019

Insulin resistance increases starting in midlife due to decreasing estrogen production and other aging-related factors. Higher intensity physical activity (PA) has the potential to attenuate rising insulin resistance; however, longitudinal associations of PA and insulin resistance have not been studied in midlife women. We used data from the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN, N=3,230), a cohort study with up to 17 years of follow-up, to estimate longitudinal associations of higher intensity PA with insulin resistance. Women reported PA using the Kaiser Physical Activity Survey at 7 study visits (V0, V3, V5, V6, V9, V12, V13). We used the sports and exercise physical activity index score (range: 1-5) to assess leisure-time moderate to vigorous intensity PA (MVPA). SWAN measured glucose and insulin in blood collected at 8 study visits (V0, V1, V3-V7, V12, V13). We used generalized estimating equations to estimate the adjusted longitudinal associations of MVPA with homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) overall, by baseline body mass index (BMI) category, and by race/ethnicity. Women were 46 (SD=3) years old at baseline. Forty-seven percent were non-Hispanic white; 28% black; 9% Japanese; 8% Chinese, and 8% Hispanic. Each additional one-unit increase in reported MVPA was associated with an average 0.2 unit lower HOMA-IR (95% CI: -0.3, -0.1) over time. Associations differed by baseline BMI (interaction P&lt;0.001). Reported MVPA was associated with a 0.1 lower HOMA-IR (95% CI: -0.1, -0.02) in normal weight women, a 0.2 lower HOMA-IR (95% CI: -0.3, -0.1) in overweight women, and a 0.4 lower HOMA-IR (95% CI: -0.6, -0.1) in obese women. MVPA was not associated with HOMA-IR in underweight women (mean difference=0.0; 95% CI: -0.1, 0.1). Associations did not differ by race/ethnicity (interaction P=0.39). Our findings support longitudinal associations of MVPA with lower insulin resistance in midlife women, with the strongest associations in obese women.

Disclosure
S.E. Badon: None. K. Pettee Gabriel: None. C.A. Karvonen-Gutierrez: None. B. Sternfeld: None. J. Lee: None. E. Gold: None. E. Waetjen: None. M. Hedderson: None.

Funding
National Institutes of Health; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; National Institute on Aging; National Institute of Nursing Research; Office of Research on Women’s Health (U01NR004061, U01AG012505, U01AG012535, U01AG012531, U01AG012539, U01AG012546, U01AG012553, U01AG012554, U01AG012495); National Center for Research Resources; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (UCSF-CTSI UL1RR024131)
1452-P: Association between Aging and Insulin Resistance and Secretion in a General Nondiabetic Population
Authors: FUJITA TOMOYUKI , DAIMON MAKOTO , MURAKAMI HIROSHI , MIZUSHIRI SATORU , MATSUHASHI YUKI , OSONOI SHO , MURABAYASHI MASAYA , TAKAHASHI KAZUHISA , NISHIYA YUKI 
Published: June 2019

Objective: Aging is one of the risks for abnormal glucose tolerance or diabetes. Although association between age and, insulin secretion and resistance has been reported in various cross sectional studies, few studies evaluated changes of insulin resistance and secretion along with aging.
Research Design and Methods: Among participants of the population-based Iwaki study of Japanese, those participated consecutively from 2014 to 2017 and were nondiabetic were included in this study (Men/Women: 200/294; Age: 21-90 (54.2 ± 13.5)). The effects of aging on homeostasis model assessment indices for insulin resistance (HOMA-R) and β-cell function (HOMA-β) were examined.
Results: During the 3-year periods, HOMA-R significantly increased (p&lt;0.0001), while HOMA-β significantly decreased (p&lt;0.0001). Repeatedly measures ANOVA with adjustments for possible confounding and/or intermediating factors showed that the increase in HOMA-R became insignificant after adjustment with factors related to adiposity such as BMI and leptin (p=0.564), while the decrease in HOMA-β stayed significant even after such adjustments (p=0.046). Despite the facts, stepwise multiple regression analysis showed significant association of leptin not only with increases in HOMA-R (p=0.022) but also with decreases in HOMA-β (p =0.003).
Conclusion: Insulin resistance increases along with aging probably due to a simultaneous adiposity, while insulin secretion decreases along with aging at least in part independently of such adiposity. However, the association between leptin and decreases in HOMA-β may suggest that adiposity of β-cells may be in part blamed for the decreases. Further, leptin may be a marker to predict those at risk of decreasing insulin secretion. We are now examining such association in details in consideration with blood metabolites and amino acids levels.

Disclosure
T. Fujita: None. M. Daimon: None. H. Murakami: None. S. Mizushiri: None. Y. Matsuhashi: None. S. Osonoi: None. M. Murabayashi: None. K. Takahashi: None. Y. Nishiya: None.
1475-P: Aortic Valve Sclerosis and Diabetes Mellitus Are Independent Predictors of All-Cause Mortality in a Large Surgical Myocardial Revascularization Cohort
Authors: MYASOEDOVA VERONIKA ALEXANDROVNA , GENOVESE STEFANO , CAVALLOTTI LAURA , BONOMI ALICE , GRIPARI PAOLA , CAMPODONICO JENESS , VALERIO VINCENZA , RONDINELLI MAURIZIO , SONGIA PAOLA , PEPI MAURO , ALAMANNI FRANCESCO , POGGIO PAOLO 
Published: June 2019

Background: Studies on the association between aortic valve sclerosis (AVSc) and diabetes in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) are lacking.In this retrospective observational study, we evaluated the association of AVSc with diabetes and to assess the risk of all-cause mortality in patients referred to isolated coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG).
Methods: Echocardiograms obtained at the baseline from 2’327 patients undergoing CABG between 2006 and 2016 in a single center were assessed. The follow-up was carried out through a regional registry. Hazard ratios (HR) were adjusted for clinical factors [i.e., sex, age, previous myocardial infarction, ejection fraction (EF), dyslipidemia, and kidney function].
Results: Overall, AVSc was present in 1’116 (39.7%) and diabetes in 840 patients (29.9%). Diabetic patients showed a significant higher AVSc prevalence compared to nondiabetic patients (44 vs. 38%, respectively; p=0.005).In 5 years follow-up, 479 deaths (20.6%) for any cause were registered. Independent predictors of all-cause mortality were age (p&lt;0.001), EF (p&lt;0.001), AVSc (p=0.02), and diabetes (p=0.004).We stratified the patients into three groups: A) no-diabetes and no-AVSc; B) diabetes or AVSc; C) diabetes and AVSc. The mortality rate was 18.6% in group A, 20.8% in group B, and 26.5% in group C. Group B and C had a significant increased overall mortality risk with a HR of 1.4 (p=0.04) and 2.1 (p&lt;0.001), respectively, when compared to group A. The HR of group C was also significantly higher than group B (HR=1.5; p=0.03).
Conclusions: Our findings indicate that: 1) AVSc is associated with diabetes; 2) AVSc and diabetes are independently associated with all-cause mortality in patients undergoing CABG; and 3) patients with both clinical conditions have the highest mortality rate. These data improve risk stratification in patients undergoing surgical myocardial revascularization.

Disclosure
V.A. Myasoedova: None. S. Genovese: Advisory Panel; Self; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Sanofi. Consultant; Self; AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Hikma Pharmaceuticals. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Eli Lilly and Company, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Mundipharma, Novo Nordisk A/S, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited. L. Cavallotti: None. A. Bonomi: None. P. Gripari: None. J. Campodonico: None. V. Valerio: None. M. Rondinelli: Consultant; Self; Sanofi. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Eli Lilly and Company, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited. P. Songia: None. M. Pepi: None. F. Alamanni: None. P. Poggio: None.

Funding
Fondazione Gigi e Pupa Ferrari ONLUS
151-OR: Technosphere Insulin Provides Better Early Postprandial Glucose Control than Subcutaneous Rapid-Acting Analog
Authors: GRANT MARSHALL L. , POMPILIO FRANK , SHARMA GAURAV , KRUEGER JOHN A. , KENDALL DAVID M. , ZAVERI NADIA 
Published: June 2019

In a recent study (STAT, NCT03143816), patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) treated with Technosphere Insulin (TI) demonstrated better early postprandial glucose (PPG) control than those on subcutaneous (SC) insulin aspart. The average daily dose of TI in patients who took TI as directed in the protocol was twice that of aspart (40.5 vs. 20.6 units). Despite the higher dose, the TI group experienced less time in hypoglycemia than the aspart group. These results prompted a retrospective analysis of mixed-meal tolerance tests (MMTTs) conducted in T1DM to further evaluate the 2:1 dosing ratio.
In study MKC-TI-009 (NCT00308308), patients with T1DM underwent 1 to 3 MMTTs. A total of 1326 PPG profiles were evaluable: 674 MMTTs from 261 patients on SC aspart and 652 MMTTs from 264 patients on TI. On average, the area under the PPG excursion curve (PPGE AUC) decreased with increasing dose, and the mean (SE) ratio of the aspart slope to the TI slope was 2.1 (0.3), consistent with the results of STAT. This was confirmed when doses of TI 8, 16, and 24 units were compared with mean (SE) aspart doses of 4 (1), 8 (1), and 12 (1) units, respectively (Figure).
The PPGE curves confirm the earlier onset and shorter duration of TI, while the tendency to drop below baseline in the late postprandial period reflects the longer duration of action of SC aspart. The timing of hypoglycemia (levels 1 and 2) follows the pattern of PPGEs.

Disclosure
M.L. Grant: Employee; Self; MannKind Corporation. Stock/Shareholder; Self; MannKind Corporation. F. Pompilio: Employee; Self; MannKind Corporation. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Amgen Inc., MannKind Corporation. G. Sharma: Employee; Self; MannKind Corporation. J.A. Krueger: Employee; Self; Eli Lilly and Company, MannKind Corporation. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. D.M. Kendall: Employee; Spouse/Partner; Amgen Inc. Employee; Self; MannKind Corporation. Stock/Shareholder; Self; MannKind Corporation. N. Zaveri: Employee; Self; MannKind Corporation. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Becton, Dickinson and Company.

Funding
MannKind Corporation
1518-P: Serum Dihomo-γ-Linolenic Acid Levels Predict Glycemic Control Deterioration in Type 2 Diabetes Patients after Discharge from Admission
Authors: SUNOUCHI TAKASHI , TSURUTANI YUYA , TAKIGUCHI TOMOKO , SAITO JUN , NISHIKAWA TETSUO 
Published: June 2019

The measurement of serum polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients may be useful for evaluating not only the dietary habits, but also metabolic abnormalities, as high dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) levels or low arachidonic acid (AA)/DGLA ratios are associated with obesity-related abnormalities. However, the impact of PUFA levels on glycemic control remains unknown. This retrospective study analyzed the association between serum PUFA levels and glycemic control one year after discharge from admission. Data from 480 T2DM patients admitted to our hospital from 2011 to 2016 were analyzed. Patients with renal dysfunction (eGFR &lt; 30 mL/min/1.73 m2) or insulin deficiency [fasting C-peptide (CPR) &lt; 0.5 ng/mL or two-hour postprandial CPR &lt; 1.0 ng/mL] were excluded. Patients achieving &lt; 7.0% glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) at one year after discharge were defined as achievers, and the others, as non-achievers. Multiple baseline factors, including the PUFA levels between the two groups were analyzed. Of 480 patients, 206 were achievers and 274 were non-achievers. The achievers were younger (59.4±12.8 vs. 62.0±13.7 years, p = 0.0188), and had a higher two-hour postprandial CPR (4.98±2.46 vs. 4.26±2.10 ng/mL, p = 0.002), lower DGLA level (36.2±15.6 vs. 39.8±13.5 μg/mL, p = 0.002), and higher AA/DGLA ratio (6.09±2.39 vs. 5.12±1.73, p &lt;0.001) than non-achievers, while the body mass index, HbA1c at admission, fasting CPR, omega-3 PUFA levels between the groups did not differ. The two-hour postprandial CPR and DGLA levels (or AA/DGLA ratios) also showed significant associations in the multivariate logistic regression model. Sensitivity analyses excluding the patients ≥ 75 years old or those treated with insulin showed similar results. Our results show that high DGLA levels and low AA/DGLA ratios, as well as decreased postprandial insulin secretion are predictors of glycemic control deterioration after discharge from admission.

Disclosure
T. Sunouchi: None. Y. Tsurutani: Research Support; Self; Astellas Pharma Inc. T. Takiguchi: None. J. Saito: None. T. Nishikawa: None.
1524-P: Discordance between A1C and Glucose for the Diagnosis of Prediabetes in a Filipino-American Population
Authors: MERCADO MARIA ELIZABETH P. , KIM SARAH , EVA MARIA C , LA PAZ CUTIONGCO DE , SEIELSTAD MARK , PAZ-PACHECO ELIZABETH , MURPHY ELIZABETH 
Published: June 2019

Discordance between A1C and fasting glucose (FBG) or oral glucose tolerance glucose (OGTT) in the detection of dysglycemia has been observed in multiracial and multiethnic populations. In most instances, A1C under detected diabetes or prediabetes compared to glucose tests. To determine the relationship between FBG, OGTT and A1C for the diagnosis of prediabetes in a Filipino American population we studied 154 self-reported nondiabetic adult subjects from the Filipino Health study living in the U.S. &gt; 3 year. Mean age 42 ± 18 y, BMI 25.8 ± 3.8, 58% female, and 67% with a family history of diabetes. Using ADA criteria, 5 subjects met the diagnosis of diabetes (4 by A1C and 1 by OGTT, the later subject is not included in Table 1) while 61 (40%) had prediabetes. Prevalence of prediabetes was only 6.5% by FBG and 7.1% by OGTT. However, the prediabetes prevalence was 36% by A1C. Kruskal Wallis was used to test the difference in insulin resistance by HOMA-IR and insulin between HbA1C categories. Subjects with an A1C of 5.7-6.4% (41 of whom had normal FBG and OGTT) were significantly more insulin resistant than those with an A1C &lt; 5.7%. This suggests A1C may be a more sensitive test of abnormal glucose regulation in a Filipino population living in the U.S. than FBG or OGTT. Outcome studies assessing progression to diabetes will be needed to confirm this hypothesis.

Disclosure
M.P. Mercado: None. S. Kim: None. E.C. Cutiongco de la Paz: None. M. Seielstad: None. E. Paz-Pacheco: None. E. Murphy: None.

Funding
Philippine-California Advanced Research Institutes
156-LB: Assessment of Treatment Patterns in a Real-Life Setting with Dapagliflozin or DPP-4 Inhibitors as Add-On Therapy in Uncontrolled T2DM Patients That Failed on Other Regimens
Authors: ESPINOZA-PERALTA DIEGO , SILVA ALEJANDRA I. , COLLADO JUAN G. , ROGEL-MANZANARES JORGE D. 
Published: June 2019

Mexico is one of the three countries in America with the highest prevalence (14.4%) of DM. Providing medical care to uncontrolled T2DM patients who failed antidiabetic treatment (ADT) is challenging. We designed a retrospective study to assess the response to dapagliflozin (Dapa) or DPP-4-inhibitors (DPP-4i) as add-on therapy in uncontrolled T2DM patients who had previous ADT.
Objectives: Compare subjects with ≥5% improvement of the weighted sum of the composite variable (HbA1c, body weight (BW) and blood pressure (BP)) by the end of the 24-week observation period.
Inclusion Criteria: T2DM subjects ≥18 years old with failure to any ADT and HbA1c% ≥7 that started Dapa or DPP-4i as add-on to other antidiabetic drugs from August 2014 to November 2017.
Statistical Methods and Analysis: A propensity score matching model (nearest neighbor algorithm) was used, the covariates included were prior ADT, TC, LDL-c, HbA1c, BW, SBP and age.
Results: Of 1379 subjects, 131 met statistical matching criteria. Subjects with Dapa had a significant improvement (&gt;5%) in the composite variable compared to DPP-4i (60.3% vs. 34.3%, p&lt;0.01). Significant results were shown in BMI (-0.36 (-1.04 to 0.40) vs. 0 (-0.62 to 0.78), p&lt;0.01), weight (-1 (-3 to 1) vs. 0 (-1.69 a 2), p&lt;0.001), glucose (-8 (-39 to 24) vs. -1 (-22 to 16), p&lt;0.01) and HbA1c (-0.89 (-1.44 to -0.38) vs. -0.12 (-0.82 to 0.46), p&lt;0.01). Logistic Regression Model (LRM) was carried out to identify if the improvement at Dapa group was independent to the confusion factors. LRM confirmed that the improvement in the primary outcome was dependent of the type therapy, regardless of age, BMI, triglyceride, HDL and LDL cholesterol levels and ADT at the beginning of the study (Dapa OR 4.23 IC 95% 2.46-7.29, p&lt;0.001).
Conclusion: T2DM Mexican patients who have failed to previous antidiabetic therapies showed significant decrements of HbA1c, glucose, weight and blood pressure levels with the use of Dapa.

Disclosure
D. Espinoza-Peralta: None. A.I. Silva: Employee; Self; AstraZeneca. J.G. Collado: None. J.D. Rogel-Manzanares: None.
1588-P: Regression to Normal Glucose Regulation in American Indians and Alaska Natives of a Diabetes Prevention Program
Authors: PRATTE KATHERINE A. , JOHNSON ANN , BEALS JANETTE , BULLOCK ANN , MANSON SPERO M. , JIANG LUOHUA 
Published: June 2019

Objectives: To evaluate whether regression from impaired glucose regulation (IGR) to normal glucose regulation (NGR) after one year of a lifestyle intervention reduces diabetes risk in American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs). Additionally, we sought to identify predictors for regression to NGR and understand possible mechanisms for the association between NGR and future diabetes risk.
Research Design and Methods: Data from participants enrolled from 2006 to 2009 in the Special Diabetes Program for Indians Diabetes Prevention Program with IGR at baseline and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at year 1 were analyzed (N = 1443). Based on OGTT results, participants were classified into four categories: NGR; isolated IFG (iIFG); isolated IGT (iIGT); or both IFG and IGT (IFG/IGT). Cox regression models were used to estimate the subsequent diabetes risk (year 1 to year 3) by year 1 glucose status. Mediation analysis was employed to estimate the proportions of the association between year 1 glycemic status and diabetes risk explained by specific factors.
Results: Those who reverted to NGR at year 1 (38%) had lower diabetes risk than those with sustained IGR (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.12-0.67). Compared to the NGR group at year 1, IFG/IGT carried the highest risk of developing diabetes with an adjusted HR of 4.72 (95% CI: 1.84-12.07), followed by the iIGT group (HR=3.26, 95% CI: 0.96-11.12; p-value=0.059) and the iIFG group (HR=3.13, 95% CI: 1.27-7.31). The lower risk associated with regression to NGR was explained by both baseline risk factors and differences in weight loss. Metformin use, weight loss, and increase in exercise were modifiable risk factors associated with a higher odds of regression to NGR.
Conclusions: AI/AN patients with prediabetes who reverted to NGR had a reduced risk of developing type 2 diabetes over the next two years; modifiable risk factors explained a major proportion of risk reduction associated with NGR.

Disclosure
K.A. Pratte: None. A. Johnson: None. J. Beals: None. A. Bullock: None. S.M. Manson: None. L. Jiang: None.

Funding
Indian Health Service (HHSI242200400049C to S.M.M.); National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (1P30DK092923 to S.M.M), (R21DK108187 to L.J.)
16-OR: Contributions of Chronic Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Disease to Medical Costs of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: NICHOLS GREGORY A. , USTYUGOVA ANASTASIA V. , DERUAZ-LUYET ANOUK , BRODOVICZ KIMBERLY G. 
Published: June 2019

Medical costs of type 2 diabetes (T2D) are driven by the presence of microvascular and macrovascular complications. We compared annual costs of T2D patients with and without chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We used the electronic medical records of Kaiser Permanente Northwest to identify 37,684 patients with T2D with an eGFR in 2016 or 2017. We grouped them according to presence of CKD (2 eGFR &lt;60mL/min/1.73m2), CVD (ischemic heart disease, stroke or heart failure), or both. We used 1 year of follow-up data to compare the annual outpatient, inpatient, emergency, pharmaceutical, and total medical care costs (2017 USD) between the four groups adjusted for age, sex, and non-white race. Of the 37,684 total patients, 16% had CKD without CVD, 12% (n=4,596) had CVD without CKD, 11% (n=4,089) had both, and 61% had neither. Patients with neither CKD nor CVD incurred adjusted total costs of $7,582 (Table). Costs were significantly higher in total and for all components among patients with CKD without CVD, and higher still among those with CVD without CKD. When both CKD and CVD were present, total, inpatient and emergency costs were approximately the sum of costs which each condition existed alone, CKD and CVD each approximately double annual medical costs, but the combination of the two conditions increases costs nearly 4-fold, underscoring the need for preventive therapies.

Disclosure
G.A. Nichols: Research Support; Self; Amarin Corporation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC., Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. A.V. Ustyugova: Employee; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH. A. Deruaz-Luyet: Employee; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH. Employee; Spouse/Partner; Medtronic, Sanofi. K.G. Brodovicz: Employee; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Funding
Boehringer Ingelheim
160-LB: Effect of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors on Hemodynamic and Metabolic Cardiovascular Markers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: SATHAVARODOM NATTAPOL 
Published: June 2019

Background: Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors could early reduce cardiovascular (CV) and heart failure (HF) risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in recent CV outcome trials. We hypothesized that benefit of SGLT2 inhibitors would be early on both hemodynamic and metabolic CV markers.
Objectives: The goal of this study was to examine the effects of empagliflozin or dapagliflozin on CV markers. Factors associated beneficial CV marker changes were determined.
Material and Method: This prospective study included 60 patients with T2DM, In ASCVD group (n = 18), all patients received empagliflozin (n = 18). In non-ASCVD groups (n = 42), they were allocated to received either empagliflozin or dapagliflozin. The study assessed the change in serum N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), apolipoprotein B (apo B), and highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) from baseline to 4, and 26 weeks.
Results: Median change of NT-proBNP from baseline after receiving SGLT2 inhibitors were -11.1 (-30.4, -1.3) pg/mL, and -11.5 (-30.4, -1.5) pg/mL at weeks 4, and 26, respectively (all p &lt;0.05). Although, median change of body weight (BW) were initially -0.77 (-1.11, -0.44) kg and -1.65 (-2.3, -1.01) kg at the end of the study, both apo B and hsCRP were not statistically changed. We found that baseline NT-proBNP &gt;125 pg/mL could predict beneficial in hemodynamic in CV marker changes with sensitivity 58.3%, specificity 96.6%, positive predictive value 87.5%, negative predictive value 84.8% and accuracy 85.4%.
Conclusion: We demonstrated that SGLT2 inhibitors had early beneficial effect in hemodynamic CV marker. Furthermore, SGLT2 inhibitors didn’t have detrimental effect on both atherogenic lipoprotein particle and inflammatory CV markers. Measurement of NT-proBNP level might enhance CV risk stratification and guide introduction of SGLT2 inhibitors in both ASCVD and non-ASCVD patients with T2DM.

Disclosure
N. Sathavarodom: None.