bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entrepreneurs as rulers? Insights from the relationship between social dominance orientation and entrepreneurial intention
Authors: Choi David Y. , Gutierrez Angélica S. , Kang Jae Hyeung , Park Joo Yeon , Sung Chang‐Soo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCan individuals’ preference for social hierarchies and inequality affect their intention to pursue entrepreneurship? We surveyed university students in two countries and discovered that the answer may be context‐dependent. Findings suggest that the respondents’ views toward hierarchy and group‐based dominance in society, as indicated by social dominance orientation‐dominance (SDO‐D), is related to their Entrepreneurial Intentions (EI) for starting for‐profit companies. Perceived behavioral control (PBC) mediated the relationship between SDO‐D and EI, implying that higher SDO‐D influences people to think more positively about their own capabilities which in turn leads to higher EIs. These general patterns held in the U.S. sample. However, in South Korea's hierarchical society, respondents’ SDO‐D had little effect on EI as SDO‐D did not significantly affect PBC. Our findings suggest that individuals' SDO is an important and overlooked personality trait that may offer additional insights when added to models of EI.
Quercetin impairs Streptococcus pneumoniae biofilm formation by inhibiting sortase A activity
Authors: Wang Jianfeng , Song Meng , Pan Juan , Shen Xue , Liu Wentao , Zhang Xueke , Li Hongen , Deng Xuming 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBiofilm formation mediated by sortase A (srtA) is important for bacterial colonisation and resistance to antibiotics. Thus, the inhibitor of SrtA may represent a promising agent for bacterial infection. The structure of Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 srtA has been characterised by crystallisation. Site‐directed mutagenesis was used for the determination of the key residues for the activity of S. pneumoniae D39 srtA. An effective srtA inhibitor, quercetin, and its mechanism was further identified using srtA activity inhibition assay and molecular modelling. In this study, the crystal structure of S. pneumoniae D39 srtA has been solved and shown to contain a unique domain B. Additionally, its transpeptidase activity was evaluated in vitro. Based on the structure, we identified Cys207 as the catalytic residue, with His141 and Arg215 serving as binding sites for the peptide substrate. We found that quercetin can specifically compete with the natural substrate, leading to a significant decrease in the catalytic activity of this enzyme. In cells co‐cultured with this small molecule inhibitor, NanA cannot anchor to the cell wall effectively, and biofilm formation and biomass decrease significantly. Interestingly, when we supplemented cultures with sialic acid, a crucial signal for pneumococcal coloniation and the invasion of the host in the co‐culture system, biofilm loss did not occur. This result indicates that quercetin inhibits biofilm formation by affecting sialic acid production. In conclusion, the inhibition of pneumococcal srtA by the small molecule quercetin offers a novel strategy for pneumococcal preventative therapy.
NSD2 promotes ventricular remodelling mediated by the regulation of H3K36me2
Authors: Zhou Xue‐liang , Zhu Rong‐rong , Wu Xia , Xu Hua , Li Yun‐yun , Xu Qi‐rong , Liu Sheng , Huang Huang , Xu Xinping , Wan Li , Wu Qi‐cai , Liu Ji‐chun 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHistone lysine methylation plays an important role in the regulation of ventricular remodelling. NSD2 is involved in many types of tumours through enhancing H3K36me2 expression. However, the role of NSD2 in the regulation of histone lysine methylation during ventricular remodelling remains unclear. In this study, we established cardiac hypertrophy model in C57BL/6 mice by transverse aortic constriction and found that histone lysine methylation participated in ventricular remodelling regulation via the up‐regulation of H3K27me2 and H3K36me2 expression. In addition, we constructed transgenic C57BL/6 mice with conditional knockout of NSD2 (NSD2−/−) in the myocardium. NSD2−/− C57BL/6 mice had milder ventricular remodelling and significantly improved cardiac function compared with wild‐type mice, and the expression of H3K36me2 but not H3K27me2 was down‐regulated. In conclusion, NSD2 promotes ventricular remodelling mediated by the regulation of H3K36me2.
The problems associated with adolescent pregnancy in Romania: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Dimitriu Mihai , Ionescu Cringu Antoniu , Matei Alexandra , Viezuina Roxana , Rosu George , Ilinca Corina , Banacu Mihai , Ples Liana 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRationaleThe extent of pregnancy in adolescents and young adults, especially in low and middle‐income countries, is a source of increasing concern given its social and economic impact.Aims and ObjectiveWe hypothesized that there would be correlations between female patients becoming pregnant at a young age and practices such as harmful alcohol misuse, cigarette smoking, and drug use, the use of toxic substances, low educational attainment, and an essential absence of health care seeking about the outcome of adolescent pregnancies.MethodsWe performed a prospective cross‐sectional study of patients who gave birth between August and November 2017 at St. Pantelimon Emergency Hospital in Bucharest, Romania. Seventy‐four patients aged 14 to 20 years, with a mean maternal age of 18.07 years, were enrolled in the study and answered a 15‐item questionnaire about their social, educational, and medical background.ResultsFifty‐three patients (71.6%) gave birth by caesarean section and 21 (28.3%) by vaginal delivery. Notably, patients aged 14 to 16 years had a lower rate of caesarean delivery compared with those aged 17 to 20 years. Moreover, 83.0% of the caesarean sections and 76.1% of the vaginal deliveries were at term. With reference to age and type of delivery, women are more likely to give birth by caesarean section at any age group (the association is not statistically significant at P < .05), except for the age of 15 years (five out of six patients in our sample had a spontaneous birth). Smoking was the most common risk behavior in the sample (45.9%, n = 34), followed by alcohol consumption (17.5%, n = 13) and drug use (5.40%, n = 4).ConclusionsA high percentage of caesarean delivery was reported, particularly in patients aged >17 years. The percentage of female participants who underwent a caesarean delivery for their second pregnancy was significantly higher than compared with primipara participants. Patients receiving consistent antenatal care visits compared with those who did not monitor their pregnancy did not differ in the likelihood of undergoing a caesarean section.
Knowing in general dental practice: Anticipation, constraint, and collective bricolage
Authors: Hurst Dominic , Greenhalgh Trish 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesMuch of the literature concerned with health care practice tends to focus on a decision‐making model in which knowledge sits within the minds and bodies of health care workers. Practice theories de‐centre knowledge from human actors, instead situatingknowingin the interactions between all human and non‐human actors. The purpose of this study was to explore how practice arises in the moment‐to‐moment interactions between general dental practitioners (GDPs), patients, nurses, and things.MethodEight GDPs in two dental practices, their respective nurses, 23 patients, and material things were video‐recorded as they interacted within clinical encounters. Videos were analysed using a performative approach. Several analytic methods were used: coding of interactions in‐video; pencil drawings with transcripts; and dynamic transcription. These were used pragmatically and in combination. Detailed reflective notes were recorded at all stages of the analysis, and, as new insights developed, theory was sought to help inform these.ResultsWe theorized that knowing in dental practice arises as actors translate embodied knowing through sayings and doings that anticipate but cannot predict responses, that knowing is constrained by the interactions of the practice but that the interactions at the same time are a collective bricolage—using the actors' respective embodied knowing to generate and solve problems together.ConclusionPractices are ongoing ecological accomplishments to which people and things skilfully contribute through translation of their respective embodied knowing of multiple practices. Based on this, we argue that practices are more likely to improve if people and things embody practices of improvement.
Hybridisation in European ungulates: an overview of the current status, causes, and consequences
Authors: Iacolina Laura , Corlatti Luca , Buzan Elena , Safner Toni , Šprem Nikica 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Hybridisation and gene introgression are important sources of diversification, the relevance of which in the evolutionary processes is well recognised. Their fitness consequences in animal populations, however, are not sufficiently well understood, despite hybridisation rates becoming increasingly important worldwide following human‐related activities such as domestication, game management and habitat alteration.

In Europe, the density and distribution of native ungulates have largely been influenced by humans since pre‐historic times. This, alongside the introduction of non‐native and domesticated species, may bear major consequences at the genetic and population levels. We provide an updated overview of recent hybridisation events in wild European ungulates; we describe their ecological drivers, extent, current distribution, potential consequences and proposed management strategies.

We reviewed the scientific literature published between 2000 and 2018 and found that confirmed hybridisation was described in 75 of the 89 references we included, involving nearly all the species that we investigated. Most researchers relied on genetic information for hybrid identification, which often involved a domestic counterpart. However, introductions and translocations also led to crossbreeding between wild ungulate (sub)species. Only 43 papers provided management recommendations, mostly focused on preventing hybridisation and removing hybrids.

Hybridisation proved to be relatively common in several ungulate taxa in Europe. Despite reported changes in phenotype and fitness‐related traits in some species, the consequences of hybridisation for adaptation, life history, and evolutionary potential remain largely unknown. The current conservation paradigm aims to prevent the spread of domestic or non‐native genes in native populations; accordingly, conservation plans should: 1) determine the genetic origin of possible source populations; 2) protect native populations from the risk of crossbreeding with non‐native ones, and 3) establish permanent monitoring.
How Power Distance Interacts with Culture and Status to Explain Intra‐ and Intercultural Negotiation Behaviors: A Multilevel Analysis
Authors: Liu Meina 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study examines how culture and status qualify the effects of power distance (PD) values on bargaining tactics in intra‐ and intercultural negotiations, as well as Chinese and American negotiators’ behavioral difference in these contexts. Data were collected from 34 intercultural dyads, 32 American dyads, and 35 Chinese dyads that completed job offer negotiations. Results showed substantial contextual variations in the actor and partner effects ofPDvalues. Whereas Chinese employees’PDvalues positively influenced American managers’ priority information exchange, American employees’PDvalues had a negative partner effect on it. Whereas Chinese employees’PDvalues negatively influenced Chinese managers’ relationship building, American employees’PDvalues had a positive partner effect on it. American managers and employees both used significantly fewer integrative tactics and more distributive tactics in intercultural than intracultural negotiations, but neither Chinese managers nor Chinese employees exhibited behavioral difference. Theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed.
Using intervention mapping to design a self‐management programme for older people with chronic conditions
Authors: Burrell Beverley , Jordan Jennifer , Crowe Marie , Wilkinson Amanda , Jones Virginia , Harris Shirley , Gillon Deborah 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSelf‐management programmes provide strategies to optimise health while educating and providing resources for living with enduring illnesses. The current paper describes the development of a community‐based programme that combines a transdiagnostic approach to self‐management with mindfulness to enhance psychological coping for older people with long‐term multimorbidity. The six steps of intervention mapping (IM) were used to develop the programme. From a needs assessment, the objectives of the programme were formulated; the theoretical underpinnings then aligned to the objectives, which informed programme design, decisions on implementation, programme adoption and evaluation steps. Bandura's social cognitive theory informed the methods and practical strategies of delivery. Among the features addressed with participants are transdiagnostic dimensions such as fatigue, pain, breathlessness, sleep disturbances. The programme utilises mindfulness to aid coping and ameliorate the psychological distresses associated with chronicity. Findings from an initial feasibility study and subsequent pilot assisted in conceptualising our programme. In conclusion, applying IM gave the planners confidence the programme is robust and evidence‐based with clearly articulated links between the behavioural goals and design elements to obtain the desired outcomes.
Cosmetic outcomes and quality of life in children with cardiac implantable electronic devices
Authors: Gist Katja M. , Marino Bradley S. , Palmer Claire , Fish Frank A. , Moore Jeremy P. , Czosek Richard J. , Cassedy Amy , LaPage Martin J. , Law Ian H. , Garnreiter Jason , Cannon Bryan C. , Collins Kathryn K. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundAxillary implant location is an alternative implant location in patients for cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) for the purposes of improved cosmetic outcome. The impact from the patient's perspective is unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare scar perception scores and quality of life (QOL) in pediatric patients with axillary CIED implant location versus the standard infraclavicular approach.MethodsThis is a multicenter prospective study conducted at eight pediatric centers and it includes patients aged from 8 to 18 years with a CIED. Patients with prior sternotomy were excluded. Scar perception and QOL outcomes were compared between the infraclavicular and axillary implant locations.ResultsA total of 141 patients (83 implantable cardioverter defibrillator [ICD]/58 pacemakers) were included, 55 with an axillary device and 86 with an infraclavicular device. Patients with an ICD in the axillary position had better perception of scar appearance and consciousness. Patients in the axillary group reported, on average, a total Pediatric QOL Inventory score that was 6 (1, 11) units higher than the infraclavicular group, after adjusting for sex and race (P = 0.02).ConclusionsQOL is significantly improved in axillary in comparison to the infraclavicular CIED position, regardless of device type. Scar perception is improved in patients with ICD in the axillary position.
Deserving a Just Pension: A Factorial Survey Approach*
Authors: Castillo Juan Carlos , Olivos Francisco , Azar Ariel 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveThis study analyzes which characteristics of pension recipients are taken into account when evaluating the fairness of pensions. Furthermore, it identifies some respondents’ characteristics and preferences that could be related to the justice evaluation of different pension amounts.MethodsA factorial survey was designed to simultaneously analyze the association of respondents’ and recipients’ characteristics with the pensions’ justice evaluation.ResultsFindings indicate that although there is a consensual demand for larger pensions, it is still believed that pensions should be allocated primarily based on individual achievement.ConclusionsAlthough in general, larger pensions are on average considered as more just, the justice criteria rely heavily on individual achievement over redistributive considerations, showing willingness to accept very low pensions for those considered not deserving them.
Random ordering in modulus of consecutive Hecke eigenvalues of primitive forms
Authors: Bilu Yuri F. , Deshouillers Jean-Marc , Gun Sanoli , Luca Florian 
Published: October 2018

Let $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}(\cdot )$ be the classical Ramanujan $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}$-function and let $k$ be a positive integer such that $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}(n)\neq 0$ for $1\leqslant n\leqslant k/2$. (This is known to be true for $k<10^{23}$, and, conjecturally, for all $k$.) Further, let $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}$ be a permutation of the set $\{1,\ldots ,k\}$. We show that there exist infinitely many positive integers $m$ such that $|\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}(m+\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}(1))|<|\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}(m+\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}(2))|<\cdots <|\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}(m+\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}(k))|$. We also obtain a similar result for Hecke eigenvalues of primitive forms of square-free level.
Spinal control of muscle synergies for adult mammalian locomotion
Authors: Desrochers Etienne , Harnie Jonathan , Doelman Adam , Hurteau Marie‐France , Frigon Alain 
Published: October 2018

Key points
The control of locomotion is thought to be generated by activating groups of muscles that perform similar actions, which are termed muscle synergies.
Here, we investigated if muscle synergies are controlled at the level of the spinal cord.
We did this by comparing muscle activity in the legs of cats during stepping on a treadmill before and after a complete spinal transection that abolishes commands from the brain.
We show that muscle synergies were maintained following spinal transection, validating the concept that muscle synergies for locomotion are primarily controlled by circuits of neurons within the spinal cord.
AbstractLocomotion is thought to involve the sequential activation of functional modules or muscle synergies. Here, we tested the hypothesis that muscle synergies for locomotion are organized within the spinal cord. We recorded bursts of muscle activity in the same cats (n = 7) before and after spinal transection during tied‐belt locomotion at three speeds and split‐belt locomotion at three left–right speed differences. We identified seven muscles synergies before (intact state) and after (spinal state) spinal transection. The muscles comprising the different synergies were the same in the intact and spinal states as well as at different speeds or left–right speed differences. However, there were some significant shifts in the onsets and offsets of certain synergies as a function of state, speed and left–right speed differences. The most notable difference between the intact and spinal states was a change in the timing between the knee flexor and hip flexor muscle synergies. In the intact state, the knee flexor synergy preceded the hip flexor synergy, whereas in the spinal state both synergies occurred concurrently. Afferent inputs also appear important for the expression of some muscle synergies, specifically those involving biphasic patterns of muscle activity. We propose that muscle synergies for locomotion are primarily organized within the spinal cord, although their full expression and proper timing requires inputs from supraspinal structures and/or limb afferents.
Corticosteroids for the prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Zeng Linan , Tian Jinhui , Song Fujian , Li Wenrui , Jiang Lucan , Gui Ge , Zhang Yang , Ge Long , Shi Jing , Sun Xin , Mu Dezhi , Zhang Lingli 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveTo determine the comparative efficacy and safety of corticosteroids in the prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants.Study designWe systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. Two reviewers independently selected randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of postnatal corticosteroids in preterm infants. A Bayesian network meta-analysis and subgroup analyses were performed.ResultsWe included 47 RCTs with 6747 participants. The use of dexamethasone at either high dose or low dose decreased the risk of BPD (OR 0.29, 95% credible interval (CrI) 0.14 to 0.52; OR 0.58, 95% CrI 0.39 to 0.76, respectively). High-dose dexamethasone was more effective than hydrocortisone, beclomethasone and low-dose dexamethasone. Early and long-term dexamethasone at either high dose or low dose decreased the risk of BPD (OR 0.11, 95% CrI 0.02 to 0.4; OR 0.37, 95% CrI 0.16 to 0.67, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences in the risk of cerebral palsy (CP) between different corticosteroids. However, high-dose and long-term dexamethasone ranked lower than placebo and other regimens in terms of CP. Subgroup analyses indicated budesonide was associated with a decreased risk of BPD in extremely preterm and extremely low birthweight infants (OR 0.60, 95% CrI 0.36 to 0.93).ConclusionsDexamethasone can reduce the risk of BPD in preterm infants. Of the different dexamethasone regimens, aggressive initiation seems beneficial, while a combination of high-dose and long-term use should be avoided because of the possible adverse neurodevelopmental outcome. Dexamethasone and inhaled corticosteroids need to be further evaluated in large-scale RCTs with long-term follow-ups.
Impact of prenatal exercise on both prenatal and postnatal anxiety and depressive symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Davenport Margie H , McCurdy Ashley P , Mottola Michelle F , Skow Rachel J , Meah Victoria L , Poitras Veronica J , Jaramillo Garcia Alejandra , Gray Casey E , Barrowman Nick , Riske Laurel , Sobierajski Frances , James Marina , Nagpal Taniya , Marchand Andree-Anne , Nuspl Megan , Slater Linda G , Barakat Ruben , Adamo Kristi B , Davies Gregory A , Ruchat Stephanie-May 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveTo examine the influence of prenatal exercise on depression and anxiety during pregnancy and the postpartum period.DesignSystematic review with random effects meta-analysis and meta-regression.Data sourcesOnline databases were searched up to 6 January 2017.Study eligibility criteriaStudies of all designs were included (except case studies) if they were published in English, Spanish or French and contained information on the Population (pregnant women without contraindication to exercise), Intervention (subjective or objective measures of frequency, intensity, duration, volume or type of exercise), Comparator (no exercise or different frequency, intensity, duration, volume and type of exercise) and Outcome (prenatal or postnatal depression or anxiety).ResultsA total of 52 studies (n=131 406) were included. ‘Moderate’ quality evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) revealed that exercise-only interventions, but not exercise+cointerventions, reduced the severity of prenatal depressive symptoms (13 RCTs, n=1076; standardised mean difference: −0.38, 95% CI −0.51 to –0.25, I2=10%) and the odds of prenatal depression by 67% (5 RCTs, n=683; OR: 0.33, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.53, I2=0%) compared with no exercise. Prenatal exercise did not alter the odds of postpartum depression or the severity of depressive symptoms, nor anxiety or anxiety symptoms during or following pregnancy. To achieve at least a moderate effect size in the reduction of the severity of prenatal depressive symptoms, pregnant women needed to accumulate at least 644 MET-min/week of exercise (eg, 150 min of moderate intensity exercise, such as brisk walking, water aerobics, stationary cycling, resistance training).Summary/ConclusionsPrenatal exercise reduced the odds and severity of prenatal depression.