bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonic Dynamic Mechanical Analysis of Polymers
Authors: Lionetto Francesca , Montagna Francesco , Maffezzoli Alfonso 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The propagation of ultrasonic waves in polymers depends on their viscoelastic behaviour and density, resulting significantly affected by phase transitions occurring with changing temperature and pressure or during chemical reactions. Therefore, the application of low intensity ultrasound, acting as a high frequency dynamic mechanical deformation applied to a polymer, can monitor the changes of viscoelastic properties associated with the glass transition, the crystallization, the physical or chemical gelation, the crosslinking. Thanks to the non-destructive character (due to the very small deformation amplitude), low intensity ultrasound can be successfully used for polymer characterization. Moreover, this technique has a big potential as a sensor for on-line and in-situ monitoring of production processes for polymers or polymer matrix composites. Recently, in the laboratory of Polymeric Materials of Lecce University a custom made ultrasonic set-up for the characterization of polymeric material, even at high temperatures, has been developed. The ultrasonic equipment is coupled with a rotational rheometer. Ultrasonic waves and shear oscillations at low frequency can be applied simultaneously on the sample, getting information on its viscoelastic behaviour over a wide frequency range. The aim of this paper is to present the potential and reliability of the ultrasonic equipment for the ultrasonic dynamic mechanical analysis (UDMA) of both thermosetting and thermoplastic polymers. Three applications of UDMA to different polymeric systems will be reviewed, concerning the cross-linking of a thermosetting resin, the crystallisation from melt of a semicrystalline polymer and the water sorption in a dry hydrogel film. From the ultrasonic velocity and attenuation measurements, the viscoelastic properties of the tested polymers are evaluated in terms of complex longitudinal modulus and compared with the results of conventional dynamic mechanical analysis, carried out at low frequency.
Hydrogen effects on mechanical performance of nodular cast iron
Authors: Forsström Antti , Yagodzinskyy Yuriy , Hänninen Hannu 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The KBS-3 method for long-term disposal of spent nuclear fuel is designed with an external self-standing copper shell, which provides the most important barrier against corrosion and escape of radionuclides, and an internal nodular cast iron insert, which provides the load-bearing structure against external loads. The material intended for the load-bearing insert is ferritic nodular cast iron EN 1563 grade EN-GJS-400-15U. In this paper, hydrogen uptake and sensitivity to hydrogen-induced cracking of the cast iron were studied using tensile testing under continuous electrochemical charging in 1 N H2SO4 solution. Hydrogen uptake was measured by using the thermal desorption method. It was found that the hydrogen desorption profile manifests three distinct peaks at initial locations of 400, 500, and 700 K with a heating rate of 6 K/min. Plastic deformation results in a remarkable increase of the 400 K peak, which indicates hydrogen uptake during deformation. In the constant extension rate tests (CERT) and the constant load tests (CLT), electrochemical hydrogen charging reduced markedly the elongation to fracture and time to fracture, respectively. In CLT, hydrogen charging increased dramatically the creep rate at the applied load of about 0.7 yield stress. Ligaments between the graphite nodules exhibit brittle cleavage facets in the presence of hydrogen, while the ligaments show a characteristic ductile appearance of shear and small dimples when testing in air or distilled water. The obtained results are discussed in terms of the known mechanisms of hydrogen-induced cracking and the role of the graphite nodules in the embrittlement of ductile cast iron.
Data Curator’s Roles and Responsibilities: An International Perspective
Authors: Tammaro Anna Maria , Matusiak Krystyna K. , Sposito Frank Andreas , Casarosa Vittore 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The data-intensive research environment and the movement towards open science create demand for information professionals with knowledge of the research process and skills in managing and curating data. This paper is reporting the findings from a multiyear study entitled “Data curator: who is s/he?” initiated by the Library Theory and Research (LTR) Section of the International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA). The study aimed to identify the roles and responsibilities of data curators around the world and also focused on the terminology used to describe the new professional roles. The following questions were posed: R1: How is data curation defined by practitioners / professional working in the field? R2: What terms are used to describe the roles for professionals in data curation area? R3: What are primary roles and responsibilities of data curators? R4: What are educational qualifications and competencies required of data curators? To answer the research questions, the research team performed a comprehensive literature review and vocabulary analysis and conducted an empirical study using mixed-methods design. The study consisted of three stages: 1. Literature review and vocabulary analysis 2. Content analysis of position announcements 3. Interviews with professionals working in data curation and research data management- Findings confirm the results from previous research about the lack of common terminology and a variability of the position titles. The concept of data lifecycle highlighted the important role of data curators. However this study also found that many positions in practice were held by non library professionals. The findings indicate that data curation is an evolving sociotechnical practice that involves not only technical systems and services structured around research data life cycle but also a range of social activities around community building.
Japanese subject markers in linguistic change: A quantitative analysis of data spanning 90 years and its theoretical implications
Authors: Nambu Satoshi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBased on a statistical analysis of a corpus data from the period of 1915–2005, this article discusses two variants for a subject marker in Japanese, and argues that it is a case of linguistic change in progress. While representing effects of three linguistic factors on the use of the variants, the chronological observation of each factor revealed that this phenomenon demonstrates the Constant Rate Effect. The quantitative data also provides firm evidence for effects of other independent diachronic changes on the current phenomenon, pushing the change further by shrinking the linguistic environment for the dying-out variant. Dissecting the relationship between those diachronic changes and the current phenomenon in a quantitative manner, the findings of the study reveal that the two competing hypotheses in theoretical syntax properly capture the essential syntactic properties of the phenomenon in the contemporary Japanese and the discrepancy of the two accounts is attributable to their data reflecting a different stage of its ongoing change.
Counterion effect on sulfonatocalix[n]arene recognition
Authors: Garcia-Rio Luis , Basílio Nuno , Francisco Vitor 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Sulfonatocalixarenes, like other ionic receptors, possess counterions that can affect the molecular recognition process. In the present review it is shown that the competitive effect of the alkaline cations frequently used as counterions determines not only the magnitude of the external guest association constant, but also the stoichiometry of the complexes. Experimental evidences are shown about the interaction of the counterions with sulfonatocalixarene, allowing to quantify its association equilibrium constants. The counterions recognition will be a competitive process that must be taken into account when investigating the interaction of calixarenes with an external guests. When the external guest is a neutral molecule it will be possible to form ternary complexes where the counterion shows a competitive and cooperative effect. By increasing the size of the receptor, sulfonatocalix[6] and sulfonatocalix[8]arene, the complexity of the system is increased due to the formation of counterion complexes with stoichiometries 1:1 and 1:2. In the presence of an external guest, the formation of heteroternary complexes with 1:1:1 stoichiometries including a counterion and an organic cation will be possible.
Präzise Vermessung von Zuckerrübenkeimlingen mit dem phenoTest
Authors: Rehak Markus , Haßler Ulf , Grulich Tobias , Wörlein Norbert , Porsch Felix , Götz Yvonne , Wolff Antje 
Published: May 2019

Zusammenfassung
Die Keimfähigkeit von Zuckerrübensamen wird im Allgemeinen nach den International Rules for Seed Testing der International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) bestimmt. Mit dieser visuellen, sehr personal- und kostenintensiven Methode lässt sich Saatgut wegen fehlender Messwerte nur subjektiv bewerten. Mit dem phenoTest wurde ein vollautomatisches Phänotypisierungs-System entwickelt, das mittels 3D-Computertomographie eine objektive, zerstörungsfreie und quantitative Bestimmung von Keimfähigkeitsparametern erlaubt. Die automatisierte Bildauswertung muss hierbei mit der für den hohen Durchsatz notwendigen geringen Auflösung der CT-Aufnahme sowie der Tatsache, dass zu trennende Strukturen keinen Kontrastunterschied aufweisen, zurechtkommen. Im Vergleich zur ISTA-Methode lassen sich durch den phenoTest nicht nur exaktere, sondern auch neue Qualitätsmaße bestimmen.
Computed tomography scan can be misleading in the lateralisation of aldosterone excess
Authors: Leksic G , Alduk A M , Molnar V , Haxhiu A , Haxhiu A , Balasko A , Knezevic N , Dusek T , Kastelan D 
Published: May 2019

Summary
Primary aldosteronism (PA) is characterised by aldosterone hypersecretion and represents a common cause of secondary hypertension. During diagnostic evaluation, it is essential to determine the aetiology of PA since the treatment of unilateral and bilateral disease differs significantly. Adrenal vein sampling (AVS) has been implemented as a gold standard test for the diagnosis of PA subtype. However, due to the AVS complexity, costs and limited availability, many patients with PA are being treated based on the computed tomography (CT) findings. In this article, we present two patients with discrepant CT and AVS results, demonstrating that AVS is the only reliable method for localising the source of aldosterone excess.

Learning points:

CT is an unreliable method for distinguishing aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) from bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (BAH).

CT can be misleading in defining lateralisation of the aldosterone excess in case of unilateral disease (APA).

AVS is the gold standard test for defining the PA subtype.
Threshold Inhibition of Methyltransferase G9a/Glp Exacerbates Neuropathic Hypersensitivity through Mediating GRIN2B Methylation
Authors: Wang Fuzhou , Wang Xian , Wu Haibo , Ma Jianming , Xu Shiqin , Li Shengmei , Bao Senzhu 
Published: May 2019

Background In this study, we investigated whether G9a related DNA methylation and histone modification is involved in the transcription alteration of NR2B following peripheral nerve injury and subsequently contributes to pain facilitation of G9a inhibition.

Methods After approval by the institutional ethical committee on pain research in conscious animals, C57BL/6 mice were used to induce neuropathic pain with spared nerve injury (SNI). G9a/Glp expression, GRIN2B gene 5’-regulatory region CpG sites methylation profile, as well as NR2B expression in the spinal dorsal horn following SNI was detected with immunofluorescence, bisulfite sequencing, and western blot, respectively. For mechanism study, threshold doses of G9a/Glp inhibitors BIX01294/UNC0638 or direct DNA demethylation agent 5-Aza was intrathecal injected through the pre-buried catheter daily in bolus for 3 days, G9a/Glp and its enzymatic substrate H3K9me2/H3K9me3 expression, GRIN2B gene methylation alteration, as well as NR2B expression were observed. Nociceptive behavior was depicted in response to von Frey filaments following SNI with or without intrathecal BIX/UNC and 5-Aza treatments.

Results Ipsilateral mechanical withdrawal threshold rather than thermal withdrawal latency prominently decreased and peaked at day 7 to 14 post SNI. Besides, nerve injury consistently increased G9a/Glp, H3K9me2 expression, GRIN2B gene 5’-regulatory region CpG sites methylation, as well as NR2B expression in the spinal dorsal horn at day 7 post SNI. Furthermore, either G9a/Glp inhibition by BIX/UNC or H3K9me2 blockade by 5-Aza independently reversed GRIN2B gene high methylation, followed with disinhibition of NR2B transcription inhibition. Consistent with molecular changes, either BIX/UNC or 5-Aza further worsens nerve injury-induced allodynia.

Conclusion G9a/Glp contributes to the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain via methylating GRIN2B gene affecting NR2B transcription. G9a/Glp at an elevated setpoint may prevent the over-sensitization following peripheral nerve injury.
Room Sharing in Hospitalized Children With Bronchiolitis and the Occurrence of Hospital-Acquired Infections: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Bekhof Jolita , Wessels Mirjam , ten Velde Eline , Hoekstra Minke , Langenhorst Veerle , Bruijnesteijn Lesla , Brand Paul L.P. , Ruijs Gijs J.H.M. 
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVES:
To determine the prevalence and severity of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) in children hospitalized for bronchiolitis when patients share a room, irrespective of the causative virus.

METHODS:
A prospective cohort study during 4 winter seasons (2012–2016) was conducted in a Dutch general pediatric ward including otherwise healthy children &lt;2 years of age hospitalized for bronchiolitis. Patients shared a 1-to-4–bed hospital room irrespective of virological diagnosis. The main outcome measures were HAIs assessed through multiplex polymerase chain reaction and disease severity.

RESULTS:
HAIs occurred in 28 of 218 included patients (12.8%), most frequently with rhinovirus (17 of 28; 60.7%). In 3 (10.7%) of 28 HAIs, the same virus was identified in roommates. Only 1 patient became cross-infected with respiratory syncytial virus, although this patient never shared a room with a patient infected with respiratory syncytial virus. HAI was not associated with more severe disease. The median length of hospitalization was 3.5 days (interquartile range [IQR] 1–6) compared with 3 days (IQR 2–6; P = .86); the number of PICU admissions was 0% versus 5.3% (P = .21); the median days of oxygen supplementation was 2.5 (IQR 1–4) versus 2 (IQR 1–4; P = .58); the median days of tube feeding was 2 (IQR 0–5) versus 2 (interquartile range: 0–5; P = .77); and the readmission rate was 0% versus 5.8% (P = .19) in patients with and without HAI, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:
HAIs among patients with bronchiolitis are common but not associated with more severe disease. Room sharing with appropriate hygiene does not play a relevant role in the transmission of viruses between patients with bronchiolitis, regardless of the viruses involved. On the basis of these findings, we suggest that room sharing of patients with bronchiolitis is safe.
Physicians’ and Nurses’ Perspectives on the Decision to Perform Lumbar Punctures on Febrile Infants ≤8 Weeks Old
Authors: Aronson Paul L. , Schaeffer Paula , Fraenkel Liana , Shapiro Eugene D. , Niccolai Linda M. 
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVES:
There is wide variation in the decision of whether to perform lumbar punctures (LPs) on well-appearing febrile infants ≤8 weeks old. Our objectives were to identify factors that influence that decision and the barriers and facilitators to shared decision-making about LP with parents of febrile infants.

METHODS:
We conducted semistructured interviews with 15 pediatric and general emergency medicine physicians and 8 pediatric emergency medicine nurses at an urban, academic medical center. Through interviews, we assessed physicians’ practices and physicians’ and nurses’ perspectives about communication and decision-making with parents of febrile infants. Two researchers independently reviewed the transcripts, coded the data using the constant comparative method, and identified themes.

RESULTS:
Five themes emerged for factors that influence physicians’ decisions about whether to perform an LP: (1) the age of the infant; (2) the physician’s clinical experience; (3) the physician’s use of research findings; (4) the physician’s values, particularly risk aversion; and (5) the role of the primary care pediatrician. Barriers and facilitators to shared decision-making identified by physicians and by nurses included factors related to their perceptions of parents’ understanding and acceptance of risks, parents’ emotions, physicians’ assessment of whether there is clinical equipoise, and availability of follow-up with the primary care pediatrician.

CONCLUSIONS:
Differences in physicians’ values, use of research findings, and clinical experience likely contribute to decisions of whether to perform an LP on well-appearing febrile infants. Incorporation of parents’ preferences through shared decision-making may be indicated, although there are barriers that would need to be overcome.
The current state of the population of the golden potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis (Nematoda, Heteroderidae) in the northwest of Ukraine
Authors: Sukhomlin K. B. , Koshirets V. M. , Zinchenko M. O. , Biletskiy Y. V. , Zinchenko O. P. 
Published: May 2019

The golden potato cyst nematode (GPCN) Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber, 1923) Skarbilovich, 1959 is a highly specific parasite of the roots of the nightshade plants (Solanaceae). Thus, the state of the pest population demands constant monitoring and control of distribution and numbers. The distribution of G. rostochiensis in Volyn region of Ukraine was studied in 2008–2018 using the data of the state institution the Volyn Regional Phytosanitary Laboratory. The present article gives the analysis of the study results. The disease foci were detected by visual above-ground inspection of potato plantings, also by manually collecting soil samples before planting the potatoes and after harvesting, and consequently analyzing theme. The initial (pre-planting) and conclusive (after harvest) population density of GPCN in the soil was determined by the number of cysts and the mean number of larvae and eggs in cysts obtained from 100 cm3 of soil. Cysts were isolated from soil samples by the standard funnel flotation method. The dead and living larvae were identified visually by the shape of the body and the state of internal organs. According to the results of assessing pre-planting and post-harvest nematode numbers in soil, the reproduction coefficient Рf/Рі was calculated. In Volyn region, G. rostochiensis was first observed in 1968 on farmland and since then, the parasite has spread. Pest foci were recorded in 15 districts of the region in 303 settlements on the area of 946.123 hectares. It was however found that during the latest decade, the area of soils affected by G. rostochiensis in Volyn region decreased by 147.647 hectares. The largest infected areas (over 100 ha) were located in Kovel, Rozhyshche and Manevistky districts, the least infected area was observed in Ivanychi district of the region. The pest was not found in Lutsk district. The highest infection rate was recorded in Rozhyshche district. The highest ratio of viable cysts was observed in the soils of Volodymyr-Volynsky and Rozhyshche districts. The soils of the southern districts (located in the natural zone of forests and steppe) of the region demonstrated 1.5 times higher infection rates compared to soils of the northern districts (in the natural zone of mixed forests). The soils of the southern districts also harboured stable and strong pest populations. The pre-planting soil infection rates proved to directly depend on the reproduction coefficient of GPCN. If the values of Рі, initial infection rate, were lower than 1,000 larvae and eggs per 100 cm3, the reproduction coefficient was 1.18. Increase in the pre-planting infection rate to 2,000 eggs and larvae per 100 cm3 did not affect the reproduction coefficient. At approximately 5,000 eggs and larvae per 100 cm3 the reproduction coefficient exceeded 2, which should be considered in developing the pest control measures.
Investigation of vegetation as a precondition for improving the management of a national nature park (on the example of Dzharylhatskyi NP)
Authors: Davydova A. O. , Ponomarеva A. A. , Davydov D. A. 
Published: May 2019

The protected area of Dzharylhatskyi National Park is only 3% of the total area. This is not enough to preserve dynamic ecosystems that are very vulnerable to natural factors and almost impossible to restore following damage by anthropogenic factors. In the investigated area there are territories with high potential for conservation, which are characterized by the presence of species from the Red Data Book of Ukraine and International Red Lists, plant communities from the Green Data Book of Ukraine and biotopes of global significance. The proposed ten sites should receive protected status, which will bring the protected area up to the necessary minimum to preserve the rare ecosystems of the park from tourism and economic pressure, which have intensified in recent years. For the period of research in 2014–2018, 14 types of sozophytes were identified and confirmed, two of them are the highly localised species endemic to Dzharylhach Island: Molinia euxina Pobed. and Poacynum russanovii (Pobed.) Mavrodiev, A. Laktionov et Y. Alexeev. The syntaxonomic structure of the sozologically valuable coenoses is represented by two basal communities, two subassociations and 8 associations belonging to 9 alliances, 9 orders and 9 classes. Out of them, we provisionally propose the new following groups: ass. Apero maritimi-Chrysopogonetum grylli nom. prov., subass. Apero maritimi-Chrysopogonetum grylli, Stipetum borysthenicae nom. prov., subass. Cladietum marisci, Caricetum extensae nom. prov., BC Molinia euxina [Molinion caeruleae] nom. prov. The proposed sites represent 8 biotopes from Annex I of the Habitat Directive, which imposes obligations for their conservation at the world level. We carried out an analysis of the Ukrainian legislative acts, their correlation with international requirements and the zoning of the NPP “Dzharylhatskyi” in relation to these requirements and recommendations. Thus, the urgent need to expand the boundaries of the protected area of the Dzharylhatskyi National Nature Park by including distinguished protected tracts has been confirmed.