bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mongolian Trace in the Criminal Penalties Institute in Buryat Society of the Russian Empire in XIX Century
Authors: P. Garmaev Yuri , Gantulga Navaan , V. Kharmaev Yuri 
Published: April 2019

The article is devoted to a scientific study of the criminal penalties status in the Russian Empire of the XIX century in its outlying areas, in particular Transbaikal territory, mainly populated by the Buryats. The modern local institution of criminal penalties is justly criticize due to unsatisfactory implementation of criminal responsibility and the failure to achieve the main goals of penalties in society. The solution of pending problems in this field is impossible without taking into account, both historical and positive foreign experience. Empirical methods of comparison, description, interpretation; theoretical methods of formal and dialectic logic. It is interesting to see the experience of criminal penalties in the Russian Empire of the XIX century in Buryat society, which seamlessly combine both Russian traditions and the customs of the neighboring Mongolian state. Legal regulation of the outlying territories of the Russian Empire in the XIX century, in the context of preventing criminal acts is based on the peculiarities of delineation of legal proceedings depending on categories of the crimes committed. As the study reveals, prevention of new crimes in the outlying territories of the Russian Empire in XIX century (in the Buryat society) and correction of the offender were achieved primarily through public institutions (local government, tribal and clan communities). We believe that in modern conditions, along with the state institutions of subjects of prevention, the possibility of preventive measures by the mentioned institutions should not be discounted.Â Â Â
Professional Integrity within the Structure of Professional Activity: Psychological and Pedagogical Formation Basis
Authors: Petrovna Gavrilyuk Nataliya , Vladimirovna Kryucheva Yana , Nikolaevna Semenkova Svetlana 
Published: April 2019

The article covers the issues related to the process of training students for professional activity. The authors introduce a new term "professional integrity". This term is presented by three interrelated structural components: cognitive, communicative, and behavioral. The psychological and pedagogical basis of professional activity is theoretically justified. Diagnostic tools for the problematic area of professional activity are verified empirically. The sources of difficulties and problems faced by a person in professional activity are found out. The authors identify a correlation among the sources of difficulties of a person in the important life spheres. Psychological and pedagogical recommendations on solving problems related to the formation of professional activity at higher education institutions are developed. The findings can be attractive for teachers, psychologists, postgraduate students interested in problems of starting professional activity.Â Â
Anti-Depopulation Policy as a Method for Boosting Russiaâ€™s National Security
Authors: Vladimirovna Gnezdova Julia , Iosifovich Deren Vasiliy , Nikolaevna Rudakova Elena , Vladimirovna Karapetyants Irina , Anatolievna Safronova Anastasia 
Published: April 2019

This paper makes a case for that declines in population size must be counteracted via a well-substantiated anti-depopulation policy. Russiaâ€™s current anti-depopulation policy has yet to live up to its potential. The linkage between depopulation and social/economic processes taking place across the Russian Federation may well be associated with the nationâ€™s rather inhomogeneous, polarized natural-terrain, territorial-economic, and settlement structure and marked differentiation in terms of major demographic and natural/economic determinants. By its subject matter, the issue of depopulation has long stopped being strictly scientific â€“ it now also has a political, economic, and ethnocultural ring to it. In this context, â€˜The Concept on Demographic Policy in the Russian Federation for the Period through to 2025â€™ expressly sets out the goals, principles, objectives, and key focus areas for Russiaâ€™s demographic policy, as well as the mechanisms for implementing it and curbing depopulation. However, all these postulates have thus far failed to be a factor for rational activity and greater responsibility for implementing set objectives on the part of relevant public authorities, which is affecting the nationâ€™s geopolitical security.Â Â Â
A new lightweight authentication protocol in IoT environment for RFID tags
Authors: Radan Alireza , Samimi Hoseine , Moeni Ali 
Published: April 2019

Nowadays, internet of things (IoT) is a prominent technology that provides the field for connection and information transfer through communicational networks like internet and intranet. Since IoT is applied in various functions so that personal information of individuals or objects may be read without consent of them or in absence of a secure protocol, that is a challenge in this part, this study aimed at identifying tags efficiently in order to protect privacy of things against attackers. In this research, a two-factor authentication protocol based on the public key cryptography has been presented in order to protect privacy. It has been tried in this protocol to diminish complicated calculations while the proposed method can resist against some attacks like tampering with tag and tag reader, tag tracking, man-in-the-middle attack, and replay attack. To examine the proposed method, application of paying toll in traffic management was used. Various traffic models have been considered to pay toll in proposed model and implementation of this method was done in simulation environment of MATLAB. In this simulation, two cryptography algorithms with Robin and ECC public keys with keys in different sizes were evaluated and results showed that almost all of passed tags were identified using an anticipation rate with high rate between tag and tag reader in a system implemented with Rabin algorithm. Moreover, this ratio was higher than 90% in a system that was implemented with ECC algorithm. However, application of conventional symmetric cryptographic algorithms such as AES can reduce ratio of read tags to lower than 20%.Â Â Â
Effect of Aluminum Powder additive on Erosion and Bending Resistance of Galvanize Layer
Authors: Kamil Othman Abbas , . . , . . 
Published: April 2019

Study of the effect of adding aluminum powder to galvanize melt on the microstructure, thickness of the galvanize layer, behavior and nature of fracture in the total layer through the use of optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy. The addition of the aluminum component (4.5%, 5%, 5.5%) to molten is increase the totalÂ thickness of the galvanize layer because it increases the thickness of the interlayer and the adhesive layer with the low carbon steel coupled with the increased dipping time in the molten which also increases the thickness of the total galvanize layer. The cracks that were obtained from the bending test were examined for the samples. The samples with the large thickness and the addition ratio (Al-5.5%) were more resistant to bending. The cracks did not penetrate the surface of the galvanize layer until the angle of bending with the horizon (30Âº). The erosion resistance was compared to the exposure time of the selection samples, and showed good resistance to erosion at average exposure time. These samples are good in the manufacture of high and medium voltage transmission towers.Â
Parents to chronically ill adolescents have ambivalent views on confidential youth consultations – a mixed methods study
Authors: Thomsen Ena L. , Khoury Lina R. , Møller Tom , Boisen Kirsten A. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
Confidential youth consultations aiming at enhancing adolescent autonomy are a cornerstone of transitional care. At the same time, parental support is essential. These conflicting considerations result in a clinical dilemma.

Objective
The aim of this study was to examine the attitudes of parents to chronically ill adolescents regarding confidential youth consultations and to explore the underlying reasons.

Methods
A sequential explanatory mixed methods design consisting of a cross-sectional questionnaire survey (n = 117) and three focus group interviews among parents (n = 12) to chronically ill adolescents (12–19 years) was used. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively. Qualitative data were analyzed using King’s template method.

Results
The parents preferred independent youth consultations starting around the age of 14–15 years. Around 60% of the parents had one or more concerns regarding independent youth consultations. Although 64% of the parents supported conditional or full confidentiality during adolescence, 95% wanted information even though their child did not consent. In the qualitative analysis, the parents described caring for a child with chronic disease as a term of life perceiving themselves as an “octopus” with numerous roles related to daily care and treatment and at the same time with thoughts and worries regarding the future. We found four themes: ‘a life with chronic disease’, ‘responsibility’, ‘protection’ and ‘apprenticeship’. The parents’ attitudes were influenced by their roles and their perception of the adolescent’s competences as well as their experience with the healthcare system.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that parents need transitional care too.
Simulation of Methanol Carbonylation Reactor in Acetic Acid Production Plant: Selection of an Appropriate Correlation for Mass Transfer Coefficients
Authors: Jafari Ali Asghar , Tourani Somayeh , Khorasheh Farhad 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This paper deals with mathematical modeling and simulation of methanol carbonylation reactor in acetic acid production plant that consisted of a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR), a flash drum, a Joule-Thomson valve, and a condenser. The model was based on material and energy balances that considered liquid-gas mass transfer, thermodynamics, and reactor hydrodynamics. The most important aspect of the model was the selection of an appropriate correlation for prediction of mass transfer coefficient. Several correlations were examined and comparison of the model results with plant data indicated that the correlation reported by Lemoine was most appropriate. The simulation results were found to be in good agreement with plant data and the effects of various operating parameters on the performance of the model such as temperature of reactor from 186 °C to 183.6 °C, CH3I concentration from 3.11 mol% to 2.21 mol% and agitator rotation speed from 62 rpm to 112 rpm were investigated.
Psychological and neuroscientific advances to understand Internet Use Disorder
Authors: Becker Benjamin , Montag Christian 
Published: April 2019

Zusammenfassung
Internet-Nutzungsstörung (INS; in der jüngeren Vergangenheit zumeist als „Internet-Sucht“ benannt) stellt ein viel diskutiertes Thema weltweit dar. Besonders mit der Aufnahme der Diagnose Gaming Disorder im ICD-11 der Weltgesundheitsbehörde ist das nächste Level einer oftmals emotional geführten Debatte über die Natur der Verhaltenssüchte erreicht worden. Um den Leser aktuelle Einsichten in den aktuellen Stand der Dinge bezüglich dieses Themenbereiches zu vermitteln, wird in der vorliegenden Übersichtarbeit zunächst zusammengefasst, was über die INS bekannt ist und auch wie sich das Störungsbild entwickelt. Zusätzlich wird versucht, das relativ neue Phänomen der Smartphone-Nutzungsstörung (für viele eher bekannt als „Smartphone-Sucht“) in dem großen Themenkomplex der INS zu verorten.
Über diese theoretischen und diagnostischen Aspekte hinausgehend, gibt der vorliegende Artikel eine Übersicht über neurowissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse, die dabei helfen, die INS besser zu charakterisieren. Viele unterschiedliche Methoden der Neurowissenschaften wurden bereits eingesetzt, um die biologischen Grundlagen der INS zu entschlüsseln. Die Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) stand dabei in der Vergangenheit besonders im Fokus, so dass Befunde aus der MRT-Forschung auch im Fokus dieses Übersichtsartikel stehen werden. Der Artikel endet mit Limitationen der aktuellen empirischen Forschung. Zusätzlich wird ein Ausblick auf die nächsten Schritte in dem lebhaften Forschungsfeld der INS gegeben.
Research on preload relaxation for composite pre-tightened tooth connections
Authors: Li Fei , Zhao QiLin , Chen Haosen , Luo Sheng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPreload is the primary reason why pre-tightened tooth connections (PTTC) can transfer relatively large loads. However, creep of the composite would cause the preload relaxation, resulting in reducing bearing capacity of the connection. To study the preload relaxation of PTTC caused by the creep of composites, a prediction formula is deduced by converting the viscoelastic problem to an elastic problem using Laplace transform. Meanwhile, long-term experimental research on the preload relaxation of composite pre-tightened tooth connection with different initial preloads and different geometry sizes was made. The theoretical results are compared with experimental data obtained by long-term experiment, and the results indicate that the calculation formula can predict the preload relaxation well in linear viscoelastic state. The preload relaxation mainly occurs at the beginning of loading and it tends to be steady in the middle and later periods.
Die Angst des Schiris vor dem Elfmeter. Zur Interaktionssoziologie des Fußballspiels
Authors: Heck Justus 
Published: April 2019

ZusammenfassungObwohl Sportinteraktionen selten ohne einen Unparteiischen ablaufen, ist dieser Umstand soziologisch kaum erforscht. Die Spielleitung im Fußball, dem hier das Hauptinteresse gehört, ist in der Regel an einen neutralen Dritten delegiert, der das Spiel situativ beeinflusst, wie z.B. Elfmeterentscheidungen zuweilen drastisch vor Augen führen. Über einen Vergleich von Spielen ohne Schiedsrichter mit dem Kreisligafußball frage ich nach den strukturellen Unterschieden, die die Anwesenheit eines Schiedsrichters erzeugt. Dabei zeigt sich, dass ihre Präsenz die lautere und unlautere Konkurrenz im Spiel erhöht und dass sich Spieler und Schiedsrichter in einer strategischen Interaktion befinden. Schließlich beschreibe ich die dramaturgischen Herausforderungen für Schiedsrichter, wie etwa ihre Darstellung von Neutralität und sicheren Entscheidungen.
“Important Players” in the Development of Age-Related Cataracts (Literature Review)
Authors: Israfilova G. Z. 
Published: April 2019

Millions people around the world, especially in old age, lose sight because of cataracts. The age-related cataract affects approximately 37 million people in the world annually, and in 51 % of cases, it is the cause of poor vision. Relevant is the importance of identifying risk factors for the development of age-related cataracts. This literature review is devoted to studies examining the influence of various factors on the development of lens opacities. The paper presents data on the effect of age on the development of age-related cataracts, so the prevalence of cataracts at the age of 52–62 years is 5 %, at the age of 60–69 years — 30 %, at the age of 70 and older — 64 %. Its gender features are highlighted — the frequency of lens opacities in women increases significantly with age, and its appearance coincides with the appearance of estrogen deficiency in menopause. Reflected literature data on the dependence of cataract prevalence on race (revealed a higher prevalence in various Asian populations compared with the population of Western countries). This review also had showed the influence of lifestyle and bad habits on the occurrence of cataracts. It was found that smokers have an increased risk of occurrence of a nuclear cataract and, to a lesser extent, the development of its cortical type. It is noted that the development of lens opacification is also influenced by the amount of alcohol consumed, increasing the risk of cataracts, so when studying individual types of cataracts, it is shown that the consumption of strong drinks and wine is associated with an increased risk of nuclear cloudiness. Presents data from large cohort studies that compare (using odds ratios and confidence intervals) the association of cataracts with such somatic diseases as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, also with body mass index and some medications.
Glaucoma Optic Neuropathy Progression: the Results of Long-Term Follow-Up
Authors: Kurysheva N. I. , Trubilin V. N. , Shatalova E. O. , Lepeshkina L. V. 
Published: April 2019

Purpose: to investigate the average speed and risk factors for the glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON) progression during longterm observation. Patients and methods. The 10-year data of 750 patients were analyzed. The average GON progression rate was calculated on the basis of perimetry and optical coherent tomography data. Further, according to inclusion and exclusion criteria 128 patients were included into the group of retrospective analysis. Resultes. The following risk factors were established: initial cornealcompensated IOP (IOPcc) > 23.6 mm Hg (AUC 0.7), IOPcc after 5 years > 19.8 mm Hg (AUC 0.83), age > 69.5 years (AUC 0.6), corneal hysteresis < 9.9 mm Hg (AUC 0.6) and retinal nerve fiber layer < 92 μm (AUC 0.6). Patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome, and patients taking systemic calcium channel blockers (p = 0.01) also had the higher risk of GON progression. Its rate was lower in patients with arterial hypertension (p = 0.015), and in patients who received prostaglandin analogues (risk was 5 times reduced, p = 0.04) and fixed combinations (risk was 2 times reduced, p = 0.018). IOPcc of higher than 17.6 mm Hg in the long-term period is the most pronounced risk factor for the progression of GON. It was determined that the average ROP of glaucoma progression among the patients was 0.6 dB/year for ROP1, 0.62 ± 1.09 μm/year for ROP2 and 0.95 ± 3.28 μm/year for ROP3, also each 1 dB/year decrease in photosensitivity (in group with glaucoma progression) was associated with further loss of RNFL (3.9 µm/year). Conclusion. The use of prostaglandin analogues and fixed combinations reduces this risk.
The impact of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use in elderly cardiovascular patients: an observational study from tertiary care in South India
Authors: Sharma Sadhna , Govind Biju , Rao Kondal 
Published: April 2019

Background: Long-term use of NSAIDs, by patients having cardiovascular conditions, has shown to increase the risk of cardiovascular events and increased risk of death. Hence, the study was conducted to determine the complications related to NSAID use by the elderly patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD).Methods: The study was a single-center prospective observational study conducted November 2017 to October 2018. Elderly patients (>60 years) suffering from various CVDs and reported NSAID intake daily for at least one month were included. A questionnaire included demographic, treatment related history and complete details of NSAIDs intake including nature, dose, indication, source etc. The same questionnaire was again filled at the end of one-year follow-up.Results: A total of 100 participants were included in the study. The mean age was 72±8.6 years. Majority of the patients (93%) had hypertension, and 69% of the patient had previous MI. Five NSAIDs (diclofenac, ibuprofen, mefenamic acid, naproxen, and ketorolac) were used routinely. At least one over the counter NSAID used was reported by 86%, 57% were prescribed at least one NSAIDs by their orthopaedics and physicians. At the end of 1-year follow-up, authors found that 71% had MI (2% increase), 4% developed reinfarction, 20% had severe left ventricular failure (4% increase), 7% had atrial fibrillation (1% increase), and 2% patients died and 63% patients reported raise in systolic blood pressure by 5mmHg.Conclusions: High prevalence of concomitant NSAID use among elderly CVD patients, which might be contributing towards increase in CVS morbidity and mortality.
A case report on hyperpigmentation in vitamin B12 deficiency
Authors: Verma Vivek Kumar , Vijayavarman V. 
Published: April 2019

Cobalamin (Vitamin B12) is a water-soluble vitamin. Cobalamin is synthesized only by microorganisms. The only source of vitamin B12 for humans is food of animal origin. Hyperpigmentation of skin has been reported only rarely as the presenting manifestation of vitamin B12 deficiency. We report a patient who had hyperpigmentation as her presenting medical complaint and in whom Vitamin B12 deficiency was the cause. A 36-year-old female presented with generalised weakness and progressive and asymptomatic hyperpigmentation of hand and feet for 5 months. She is vegetarian by diet. On examination, hyperpigmentation was present over dorsal aspect of metacarpophalangeal, proximal and distal interphalangeal joints. Hyperpigmentation were present over dorsum of the foot and over the joints. The tongue was depaillated, and hyperpigmentation was present. Her serum level of vitamin B12 was diminished (83pg/ml). Megaloblastic anemia presents with protean manifestations. The association between vitamin B12 deficiency and hyperpigmentation, although unusual, has been described. Cutaneous manifestations associated with B12 deficiency include characteristic mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation (most common), vitiligo, angular cheilitis, and hair-nail changes. It mainly affects knuckle pads and oral mucosa. It is an under-recognized sign of megaloblastic anemia and should always be looked for in the setting of pallor. Hyperpigmentation could be the earliest manifestation of vitamin B12 deficiency before anemia sets in. It is worthwhile to consider the possibility of vitamin B12 or folate deficiency in a patient with unexplained pigmentary changes. Early detection and adequate treatment will prevent anemia and various neurological manifestations.
БЛОКЧЕЙН ЯК КАТАЛІЗАТОР ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ БІЗНЕС-ПРОЦЕСІВ У СТРАХУВАННІ
Authors: Shevchuk O. O. 
Published: April 2019

На сьогодні у страховому секторі технологія блокчейн перебуває на етапі інноваційної активації, а спектр можливих додатків і можливостей її застосування ще не вивчений. Метою статті є переосмислення традиційних страхових бізнес-процесів у контексті інноваційних технологій та аналіз перспектив їх трансформації. Дослідження присвячено саме страховому сектору, оскільки серед 80 нових, але реальних можливостей використання технології блокчейн, майже чверть — у страхуванні. Блокчейн у поєднанні зі смартконтрактами може позитивно трансформувати усі внутрішні процеси страховиків (від залучення клієнтів, андерайтингу до запобігання шахрайству) і навіть дозволити компаніям виходити на нові ринки з новими продуктами, дає можливості вирішувати проблеми, пов’язані з надмірною централізацією, непрозорістю та відмиванням грошей у страховій сфері. Однак ці можливості в основному визначатимуться тим, чи буде ринок використовувати технологію, чи ні.Окреслено можливості та потенціал застосування технології блокчейн у страховому секторі фінансового ринку, виділено сильні та слабкі сторони технології, виявлено ключові переваги, які дає блокчейн для кожного з основних (операційних) бізнес-процесів страховика: створення і продаж страхового продукту, введення даних про клієнта/оцінка ідентичності, оцінка ризиків/обчислення премій, обслуговування клієнтів, урегулювання збитків, управління активами. Зроблено висновок, що на сьогодні українським страховим компаніям важливо шляхом створення прототипних рішень поступово набувати необхідних компетенцій та оцінювати, як блокчейн буде впливати на наявну страхову бізнес-модель і наскільки ця технологія буде прийнята персоналом і клієнтами. Страховики можуть почати діяти, фокусуючи увагу на трьох напрямах: інноваційний ландшафт, власні пріоритетні напрями діяльності та можливі операційні моделі.