bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional Vastus Medialis and Vastus Lateralis Activation in Females with Patellofemoral Pain
Authors: GALLINA ALESSIO , WAKELING JAMES M. , HODGES PAUL W. , HUNT MICHAEL A. , GARLAND S. JAYNE 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT

Introduction
This study aimed to investigate whether regional activation patterns in the vasti muscles differ between females with and without patellofemoral pain (PFP), and whether muscle activation patterns correlate with knee extension strength.

Methods
Thirty-six females with PFP and 20 pain-free controls performed a standardized knee flexion–extension task. The activation of vastus medialis (VM) and vastus lateralis (VL) was collected using high-density surface EMG and analyzed using principal component (PC) analysis. Spatial locations and temporal coefficients of the PC, and the percent variance they explain, were compared between groups and between the concentric and the eccentric phases of the movement. Correlations were assessed between PC features and knee extension strength.

Results
The spatial weights of PC1 (general vasti activation) and PC2 (reflecting vastus-specific activation) were similar between groups (R > 0.95). Activation patterns in PFP were less complex than controls. Fewer PC features were necessary to reconstruct 90% of the signal for PFP participants in the concentric phase (P < 0.05), and the difference in bias of activation to VM (concentric phase) or VL (eccentric phase) was less between phases for PFP participants (P < 0.05). Smaller difference in vastus-specific activation in concentric and eccentric phases (less task specificity of VM/VL coordination) was related to greater maximal knee extension strength (P < 0.05, R < −0.43).

Conclusion
These data suggest PFP involves a simpler control strategy of VM and VL. The inverse association between task specificity and maximal knee extension strength suggests different presentations of PFP: lower knee extension strength but VM/VL coordination task specificity comparable with controls, or knee extension strength comparable with controls but lower VM/VL coordination task specificity.
An Empirical Study of National vs. Local Pricing by Chain Stores Under Competition
Authors: Li Yang , Gordon Brett R. , Netzer Oded 
Published: October 2018

Geographic price discrimination is generally considered beneficial to firm profitability. However, theoretical results point to conditions under which firms might prefer to price across markets uniformly in oligopolistic settings. This paper provides an empirical analysis of competitive price discrimination and quantitatively assesses the profitability of national pricing relative to store-level pricing policies under different market conditions. Specifically, we construct and estimate a model of retail competition using extensive data from the digital camera market. A series of counterfactuals show that, under reasonable commitment mechanisms, two leading chains would benefit from employing national pricing policies, whereas a discount retailer should target prices in each local market. Additional results explore the boundary conditions of these findings and evaluate hybrid pricing policies. The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2018.1100 .
Dynamic Alpha: A Spectral Decomposition of Investment Performance Across Time Horizons
Authors: Chaudhuri Shomesh E. , Lo Andrew W. 
Published: October 2018

The value added by an active investor is traditionally measured using alpha, tracking error, and the information ratio. However, these measures do not characterize the dynamic component of investor activity, nor do they consider the time horizons over which weights are changed. In this paper, we propose a technique to measure the value of active investment that captures both the static and dynamic contributions of an investment process. This dynamic alpha is based on the decomposition of a portfolio’s expected return into its frequency components using spectral analysis. The result is a static component that measures the portion of a portfolio’s expected return resulting from passive investments and security selection and a dynamic component that captures the manager’s timing ability across a range of time horizons. Our framework can be universally applied to any portfolio and is a useful method for comparing the forecast power of different investment processes. Several analytical and empirical examples are provided to illustrate the practical relevance of this decomposition. This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
Resolving the Terminological Mishmash in Teaching Link Words in EFL Writing
Authors: Yousefpoori-Naeim Mehrdad , Zhang Lawrence Jun , Baleghizadeh Sasan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOne of the characteristics of good writing is appropriate use of cohesive devices, which many learners often find difficult to do. Although there is a substantial body of research on cohesion in writing, little has been documented on how to teach it to EFL students. The present study was an attempt to address this under-researched issue by taking a terminological approach, as the diverse and vague terminology used to describe link words has been found to be more of a hindrance than a facilitator in the teaching/learning process. A total of 16 cohesion-related terms were surveyed to find out about the quality and quantity of their use in a self-built corpus of 14 grammar books of different levels. Furthermore, a test was run to measure students’ familiarity with these terms, and field-notes were taken while scoring the students’ papers in their presence. The findings, in addition to giving insights into the usage points regarding each of the 16 terms, led to drawing a terminological network, which, if used consistently, could help in teaching and learning to use cohesion effectively.
Metabolomic fingerprint of Mentha rotundifolia L. Leaf tissues promotes this species as a potential candidate for sustainable production of biologically active molecules
Authors: Riahi Leila , Chakroun Hanen , Klay Imen , Masmoudi Ahmed Slaheddine , Cherif Ameur , Zoghlami Nejia 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
The Mentha rotundifolia L. (Lamiaceae family), is a medicinal herb used since the ancient times as an antiseptic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent. In the present work, metabolomic profiling of two Mentha rotundifolia L. ecotypes leaf tissues spontaneously growing in the North of Tunisia was achieved.

Methods
Phenolic contents (TPC, TFC and TTC) were assessed using colorimetric methods. Metabolomic profiling of leaf tissues extracts was assessed based on Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. The antioxidant ability of M. rotundifolia extracts was achieved based on two test systems namely DPPH and FRAP assays. Antimicrobial activity against a set of Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria was estimated by measuring ID, MIC and MBC values.

Results
Fifty metabolites were identified as belonging mainly to phenolics, fatty acids, terpenes, steroids and aldehydes classes with qualitative and quantitative variability. Most of the identified compounds are reputed bioactive with potent antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory among others effects. To confirm these findings common in vitro biological activities were achieved. The investigated extracts showed significant antioxidant abilities based on both 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) assays. Furthermore, the extracts revealed promising antimicrobial ability against tested Gram+ and Gram- bacterial strains (ID: 12.5–14.5 mm, MIC: 3.125–25 (µg/mL), MBC: 6.25–100 (µg/mL)).

Conclusions
Based on our findings Mentha rotundifolia L. leaves extracts present a potential source of natural antioxidants and diverse bioactive compounds which could be used in green pharmacy, food preservation, alternative medicine and natural therapies.
Grammaticalization of nouns meaning “head” into reflexive markers: A cross-linguistic study
Authors: Evseeva Natalia , Salaberri Iker 
Published: October 2018

AbstractStudies on the grammaticalization of body-part nouns into reflexives have often formulated cross-linguistic generalizations, but have mostly failed to provide detailed analyses of similar developments attested in unrelated languages. As a consequence, valuable insights have sometimes been overlooked. The purpose of this paper is twofold: on the one hand, it identifies a higher number of languages using “head”-reflexives than previous accounts. On the other hand, its purpose is to analyze the diachronic evolution of nouns denoting “head” into reflexive markers in three unrelated language groups (Basque, Berber and Kartvelian) and to show how “head”-reflexives synchronically and diachronically interact with secondary reflexivization strategies, such as detransitivization. The results suggest that the areal factor has a considerable impact on the emergence of “head”-reflexives; they also show that none of the languages analyzed reflects all grammaticalization stages put forward in the literature. Accordingly, it is argued that the grammaticalization stages are optional, and that the correlation between formal and semantic change is not obligatory.
Hip and Knee Kinetics During a Back Squat and Deadlift
Authors: Choe Kevin H. , Coburn Jared W. , Costa Pablo B. , Pamukoff Derek N. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Choe, KH, Coburn, JW, Costa, PB, and Pamukoff, DN. Hip and knee kinetics during a back-squat and deadlift. J Strength Cond Res 35(5): 1364–1371, 2021—The back-squat and deadlift are performed to improve hip and knee extensor function. The purpose of this study was to compare lower extremity joint kinetics (peak net joint moments [NJMs] and positive joint work [PJW]) between the back-squat and deadlift. Twenty-eight resistance-trained subjects (17 men: 23.7 ± 4.3 years, 1.76 ± 0.09 m, 78.11 ± 10.91 kg; 11 women: 23.0 ± 1.9 years, 1.66 ± 0.06 m, 65.36 ± 7.84 kg) were recruited. One repetition maximum (1RM) testing and biomechanical analyses occurred on separate days. Three-dimensional biomechanics of the back-squat and deadlift were recorded at 70 and 85% 1RM for each exercise. The deadlift demonstrated larger hip extensor NJM than the back-squat {3.59 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.30–3.88) vs. 2.98 (95% CI: 2.72–3.23) Nm·kg−1, d = 0.81, p < 0.001}. However, the back-squat had a larger knee extensor NJM compared with the deadlift (2.14 [95% CI: 1.88–2.40] vs. 1.18 [95% CI: 0.99–1.37] Nm·kg−1, d = 1.44 p < 0.001). More knee PJW was performed during the back-squat compared with the deadlift (1.85 [95% CI: 1.60–2.09] vs. 0.46 [95% CI: 0.35–0.58] J·kg−1, d = 2.10, p < 0.001). However, there was more hip PJW during the deadlift compared with the back-squat (3.22 [95% CI: 2.97–3.47] vs. 2.37 [95% CI: 2.21–2.54] J·kg−1, d = 1.30, p < 0.001). Larger hip extensor NJM and PJW during the deadlift suggest that individuals targeting their hip extensors may yield greater benefit from the deadlift compared with the back-squat. However, larger knee extensor NJM and PJW during the back-squat suggest that individuals targeting their knee extensor muscles may benefit from incorporating the back-squat compared with the deadlift.
School-Based Exercise Programs and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Pozuelo-Carrascosa Diana P. , Cavero-Redondo Iván , Herráiz-Adillo Ángel , Díez-Fernández Ana , Sánchez-López Mairena , Martínez-Vizcaíno Vicente 
Published: October 2018

CONTEXT:
The effects of school-based physical activity (PA) programs on different cardiometabolic risk factors and the most appropriate features of PA programs to achieve maximum effectiveness are unclear.

OBJECTIVE:
To provide a comprehensive synthesis of the effectiveness of school-based PA interventions on cardiometabolic risk factors in children.

DATA SOURCES:
We identified studies from database inception to February 22, 2018.

STUDY SELECTION:
We selected studies that were focused on examining the effect of school-based PA interventions on cardiometabolic risk factors in children.

DATA EXTRACTION:
Random-effects models were used to calculate the pooled effect size (ES) for the included cardiometabolic risk factors (waist circumference [WC], triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and fasting insulin and glucose).

RESULTS:
Nineteen randomized controlled trials (which included 11 988 children aged 3–12 years) were included in the meta-analysis. School-based PA programs were associated with a significant small improvement in WC (ES = −0.14; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.22 to −0.07; P &lt; .001), DBP (ES = −0.21; 95% CI: −0.42 to −0.01; P = .040), and fasting insulin (ES = −0.12; 95% CI: −0.20 to −0.04; P = .003).

LIMITATIONS:
Authors of few studies described the implementation conditions of their interventions in detail, and compliance rates were lacking in most studies. In addition, results by sex were provided in a small number of studies.

CONCLUSIONS:
School-based PA interventions improve some cardiometabolic risk factors in children, such as WC, DBP, and fasting insulin.
Effect of denaverine hydrochloride application to heifers on the APGAR score and lactate concentration in newborn calves
Authors: Lange Katrin , Fischer-Tenhagen Carola , Heuwieser Wolfgang 
Published: October 2018

Summary
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of Denaverine hydrochloride (DNH) in heifers on calf vitality. Material and methods: A total of 83 calvings with 38 female and 45 male calves were included in the study. Thirty minutes after onset of stage 2 of calving, 400 mg DNH or placebo (0.9% NaCl) were administered subcutaneously. If the calving procedure was not completed after 60 minutes, an extraction was conducted and pulling force was measured by using a digital force gauge. Directly after parturition, vitality of calves was evaluated using a modified APGAR score. Additionally, lactate concentration in blood from Vena auricularis was measured with a handheld measuring device (lactate scout). Results: No effect of treatment was observed on APGAR score and lactate concentration. Clinical relevance: Denaverine hydrochloride is a regularly used substance in obstetrics in veterinary medicine in many European countries. We could not confirm our hypotheses that treating heifers with DNH has a positive effect on calf vitality evaluated by APGAR score and lactate concentration in blood.
La corrupción en el Estado Colombiano
Authors: Reyes Ramírez Eida María 
Published: October 2018

La corrupción en Colombia ha permeado las instituciones del Estado, estableciéndose como una forma de control los recursos y es un fenómeno que ha aumentado en los últimos años, la posible explicación a este comportamiento anómalo se debe a los acelerados procesos de transición de una sociedad que experimenta la modernización. Sin embargo, la inoperancia del Estado, la debilidad institucional para tomar decisiones de fondo que mitiguen el daño, se configuran como las principales causas que integran una triste realidad donde se colige un Estado que no ha podido establecer fronLa corrupción en Colombia ha permeado las instituciones del Estado, estableciéndose como una forma de control los recursos y es un fenómeno que ha aumentado en los últimos años, la posible explicación a este comportamiento anómalo se debe a los acelerados procesos de transición de una sociedad que experimenta la modernización. Sin embargo, la inoperancia del Estado, la debilidad institucional para tomar decisiones de fondo que mitiguen el daño, se configuran como las principales causas que integran una triste realidad donde se colige un Estado que no ha podido establecer fronteras entre lo público y lo privado, además de la falta de ética y responsabilidad social que se evidencia en lo dirigentes. teras entre lo público y lo privado, además de la falta de ética y responsabilidad social que se evidencia en lo dirigentes.
Emoções acadêmicas, autorregulação e seu impacto sobre motivação e aprendizagem
Authors: Bzuneck José Aloyseo 
Published: October 2018

O texto se constitui em revisão da literatura mais recente sobre emoções acadêmicas e sua autorregulação. Com base em dados de pesquisa, são descritas emoções positivas e negativas, suas origens e seus efeitos sobre a motivação e o desempenho, à luz das teorias de atribuição de causalidade, de Weiner e de controle-valorização, de Pekrun. Foram selecionadas as emoções negativas de vergonha, tédio e ansiedade, mais frequentemente focalizadas nos estudos, sobre as quais foram descritas diversas estratégias de autorregulação que os alunos podem usar nos contextos de aprendizagem. Foi discutida a relevância da teoria social cognitiva para explicar os processos de autorregulação, bem como para ajudar alunos a se tornarem capazes de regular emoções negativas. Por último, foram dadas sugestões de pesquisa futuras em nosso meio.
ANÁLISE JURÍDICA AMBIENTAL EM ÁREAS DE PRESERVAÇÃO PERMANENTE DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIBEIRÃO DAS LAVRAS, MUNICÍPIO DE GUARULHOS (SP)
Authors: Pretti Gleibe , Dalmas Fabricio Bau , Saad Antonio Roberto 
Published: October 2018

<p>O presente trabalho demonstra de forma clara e objetiva, o desrespeito à legislação ambiental na Bacia Hidrográfica de Ribeirão das Lavras, área localizada no Município de Guarulhos. Foi realizada a análise da Lei vigente, através de imagens de satélite, assim como no local e foi demonstrado que a parte norte, da área de estudo, ainda está conservada e precisa ser mantida. O referido trabalho deve ser utilizado como fonte de subsídio, para as autoridades públicas, a fim de meios legais e de fiscalização efetiva formas de manutenção do meio ambiente. </p>
Comparing Oil Color and Oxidative Stability among Mustard Genotypes under Nitrogen Fertilization
Authors: Mawlong Ibandalin , Kumar M.S. Sujith , Kandpal Basant K. , Premi Om Prakash , Joshi Alka , Gurung Bishal 
Published: October 2018

Core Ideas
The oxidative stability index (OSI) which is the ratio of monounsaturated fatty acid/polyunsaturated fatty acid was slightly improved under N‐fertilization (N80). It is worthy to mention this is the first report on Brassica juncea studying the effect of fertilizer application on oil quality and a comparison among genotypes.
Under the control (N0), the oxidative stability of oil was contributed by β‐carotene and at N80 application it was contributed by pheophytins.
The change in the contents level of pigments and the rate of transformation of chlorophyll a to pheophytin a is was high compared to chlorophyll b to pheophytin b under N80.
The oil with a shift in L*coordinate from 78 to 72 at N80 application showed a reduction in β‐carotene and an increase in pheophytin a.
Effect of N fertilization (N80) on oil color was investigated in 24 genotypes of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea). Most of the genotypes were found to have oil color coordinates of L* 72 to 78, while a* and b* color coordinates did not vary. Genotypes with a shift in L* coordinates from 78 to 72 under N80 had lower β‐carotene content, which decreased from 11.3% (IC212031) to 68% (Maya). Among the two classes of pheophytins, pheophytin a was dominant under N80. Chlorophyll a was absent in almost all oil samples. In N80, the rate of degradation of chlorophyll a into its product pheophytin a was greater over that of the control (N0) as evident from the negative correlation of chlorophyll a and pheophytin a (r = –0.54). Peroxide value (PV) was negatively correlated to all pigments under N0. In the case of acid value (AV), under N0, the stability of oil seems to be more contributed by β‐carotene, whereas under N80, the oxidative stability of oil indicated by AV and PV appears to be contributed more by pheophytins. There was also improvement in oil stability index (OSI) under N80 as compared to N0 application. It is inferred that N fertilization does influence the oil pigmentation and its stability which is important for good quality oil.
Application of Machine Learning Methodologies for Predicting Corn Economic Optimal Nitrogen Rate
Authors: Qin Zhisheng , Myers D. Brenton , Ransom Curtis J. , Kitchen Newell R. , Liang Sang‐Zi , Camberato James J. , Carter Paul R. , Ferguson Richard B. , Fernandez Fabian G. , Franzen David W. , Laboski Carrie A.M. , Malone Brad D. , Nafziger Emerson D. , Sawyer John E. , Shanahan John F. 
Published: October 2018

Core Ideas
A Machine Learning approach was innovatively used to predict corn EONR.
Two features were created to approximate hydrological conditions for modeling EONR.
Soil hydrology conditions were found essential in successful modeling in‐season EONR.
Determination of in‐season N requirement for corn (Zea mays L.) is challenging due to interactions of genotype, environment, and management. Machine learning (ML), with its predictive power to tackle complex systems, may solve this barrier in the development of locally based N recommendations. The objective of this study was to explore application of ML methodologies to predict economic optimum nitrogen rate (EONR) for corn using data from 47 experiments across the US Corn Belt. Two features, a water table adjusted available water capacity (AWCwt) and a ratio of in‐season rainfall to AWCwt (RAWCwt), were created to capture the impact of soil hydrology on N dynamics. Four ML models—linear regression (LR), ridge regression (RR), least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, and gradient boost regression trees (GBRT)—were assessed and validated using “leave‐one‐location‐out” (LOLO) and “leave‐one‐year‐out” (LOYO) approaches. Generally, RR outperformed other models in predicting both at planting and split EONR times. Among the 47 tested sites, for 33 sites the predicted split EONR using RR fell within the 95% confidence interval, suggesting the chance of using the RR model to make an acceptable prediction of split EONR is ∼70%. When RR was used to test split EONR prediction with input weather features surrogated with 10 yr of historical weather data, the model demonstrated robustness (MAE, 33.6 kg ha−1; R2 = 0.46). Incorporating mechanistically derived hydrological features significantly enhanced the ability of the ML procedures to model EONR. Improvement in estimating in‐season soil hydrological status seems essential for success in modeling N demand.