bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of a text message intervention on alcohol-related harms and behaviours: secondary outcomes of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Sharpe Sarah , Kool Bridget , Whittaker Robyn , Lee Arier C. , Reid Papaarangi , Civil Ian , Ameratunga Shanthi 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Objective
Mobile Health approaches show promise as a delivery mode for alcohol screening and brief intervention. The ‘YourCall’ trial evaluated the effect of a low-intensity mobile phone text message brief intervention compared with usual care on hazardous drinking and alcohol-related harms among injured adults. This paper extends our previously published primary outcome analysis which revealed a significant reduction in hazardous drinking associated with the intervention at 3 months, with the effect maintained across 12 months follow-up. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of the intervention on alcohol-related harms and troubles and help-seeking behaviours (secondary outcomes) at 12-months follow-up.

Results
A parallel two-group, single-blind, randomised controlled trial was conducted in 598 injured inpatients aged 16–69 years identified as having medium-risk hazardous drinking. Logistic regression models applied to 12-month follow-up data showed no significant differences between intervention and control groups in self-reported alcohol-related harms and troubles and help-seeking behaviours. Although this text message intervention led to a significant reduction in hazardous alcohol consumption (previously published primary outcome), changes in self-reported alcohol-related harms and troubles and help seeking behaviours at 12-months follow up (secondary outcomes) were small and non-significant.

Trial registration
ACTRN12612001220853. Retrospectively registered 19 November 2012.
An empower hamilton loop based data collection algorithm with mobile agent for WSNs
Authors: Wang Jin , Gu Xiujian , Liu Wei , Sangaiah Arun Kumar , Kim Hye-Jin 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), sensor devices must be equipped with the capabilities of sensing, computation and communication. These devices work continuously through non-rechargeable batteries under harsh conditions, the batter span of nodes determines the whole network lifetime. Network clustering adopts an energy neutral approach to extend the network life. The clustering methods can be divided into even and uneven clustering. If even clustering is adopted, it will cause the cluster head nodes (CHs) in vicinity of the base station to relay more data and cause energy hole phenomenon. Therefore, we adopt a non-uniform clustering method to alleviate the problem of energy hole. Furthermore, to further balance and remit resource overhead of the entire network, we combined the PEGASIS algorithm and the Hamilton loop algorithm, through a mixture of single-hop and multiple hops mechanisms, inserting a mobile agent node (MA) and designing an optimal empower Hamilton loop is obtained by the local optimization algorithm. MA is responsible for receiving and fusing packet from the CHs on the path. Network performance results show that the proposed routing algorithm can effectively prolong network lifetime, equalize resource expenditure and decrease the propagation delay.
Multi-modal tomography to assess dechlorination treatments of iron-based archaeological artifacts
Authors: Jacot-Guillarmod Mathieu , Schmidt-Ott Katharina , Mannes David , Kaestner Anders , Lehmann Eberhard , Gervais Claire 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Chloride ions are an important actor in the corrosion of iron-based archaeological artifact. To stop this degradation, excavated objects are subjected to dechlorination treatment. However, there is no guarantee that this will remove all chloride from the object, as some can be found deep inside the object. To assess the ability of dechlorination treatment to remove chloride, we propose to use both neutron and X-ray tomography. Indeed, these tomographic techniques have sensitivities to different elements and are thus complementary. Neutron tomography in particular is highly sensitive to the presence of chloride. This study demonstrate that this methodology allows to detect local and global changes caused by the dechlorination treatment, an useful tool to assess the effectiveness of a treatment and potentially improve it.
Geophysical mapping of plume discharge to surface water at a crude oil spill site: Inversion versus machine learning
Authors: Terry Neil , Day-Lewis Frederick D. , Lane John W. , Trost Jared J. , Bekins Barbara A. 
Published: May 2019

The interpretation of geophysical survey results to answer hydrologic, engineering, and geologic questions is critical to diverse problems for management of water, energy, and mineral resources. Although geophysical images provide valuable qualitative insight into subsurface architecture and conditions, translating geophysical images into quantitative information (e.g., saturation, concentration, and hydraulic properties) often involves substantial nonuniqueness and uncertainty owing to the limited resolution of geophysical imaging and uncertainty in petrophysical relations. We have developed a machine-learning approach to address these challenges in the context of a field-based investigation to map zones where a hydrocarbon plume was discharging to surface water at the National Crude Oil Spill Fate and Natural Attenuation Research Site in Bemidji, Minnesota, USA. The two-step approach combines multiple types of geophysical and direct information and effectively bypasses inversion and its associated assumptions. Integrating multifrequency electromagnetic induction, ground-penetrating radar, and fluid-sampling data, we first identify discharge zones and second estimate specific conductance versus depth. Compared with conventional inversion results, the machine-learning results (1) directly address the study objectives (delineating the discharge zones); (2) better extract depth-dependent information from the data, for which sensitivity diminishes rapidly with depth; and (3) quantify the uncertainty of the predictions (i.e., discharge versus nondischarge zones), rather than the uncertainty of the geophysical estimates (i.e., the standard error of estimation for the logarithm of electrical conductivity).
The development of CRISPR for a mollusc establishes the formin Lsdia1 as the long-sought gene for snail dextral/sinistral coiling
Authors: Abe Masanori , Kuroda Reiko 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
The establishment of left-right body asymmetry is a key biological process that is tightly regulated genetically. In the first application of CRISPR/Cas9 to a mollusc, we show decisively that the actin-related diaphanous gene Lsdia1 is the single maternal gene that determines the shell coiling direction of the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis. Biallelic frameshift mutations of the gene produced sinistrally coiled offspring generation after generation, in the otherwise totally dextral genetic background. This is the gene sought for over a century. We also show that the gene sets the chirality at the one-cell stage, the earliest observed symmetry-breaking event linked directly to body handedness in the animal kingdom. The early intracellular chirality is superseded by the inter-cellular chirality during the 3rd cleavage, leading to asymmetric nodal and Pitx expression, and then to organismal body handedness. Thus, our findings have important implications for chiromorphogenesis in invertebrates as well as vertebrates, including humans, and for the evolution of snail chirality.
This article has an associated ‘The people behind the papers’ interview.
Intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorders ‘on the fly’: insights from Drosophila
Authors: Coll-Tané Mireia , Krebbers Alina , Castells-Nobau Anna , Zweier Christiane , Schenck Annette 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
Intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are frequently co-occurring neurodevelopmental disorders and affect 2-3% of the population. Rapid advances in exome and genome sequencing have increased the number of known implicated genes by threefold, to more than a thousand. The main challenges in the field are now to understand the various pathomechanisms associated with this bewildering number of genetic disorders, to identify new genes and to establish causality of variants in still-undiagnosed cases, and to work towards causal treatment options that so far are available only for a few metabolic conditions. To meet these challenges, the research community needs highly efficient model systems. With an increasing number of relevant assays and rapidly developing novel methodologies, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is ideally positioned to change gear in ID and ASD research. The aim of this Review is to summarize some of the exciting work that already has drawn attention to Drosophila as a model for these disorders. We highlight well-established ID- and ASD-relevant fly phenotypes at the (sub)cellular, brain and behavioral levels, and discuss strategies of how this extraordinarily efficient and versatile model can contribute to ‘next generation’ medical genomics and to a better understanding of these disorders.
Alkaline phosphatase is a predictor of Bone Mineral Density in postmenopausal females
Authors: Tariq Sundus , Tariq Saba , Lone Khalid Parvez , Khaliq Saba 
Published: May 2019

Objectives: The study was planned to determine whether serum calcium, phosphate and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) are predictors of bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal non-osteoporotic, osteopenic, and osteoporotic females.
Methods: In this cross sectional study, conducted at Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore in the year 2014-2015, postmenopausal females between 50-70 years of age were taken and divided into three groups non-osteoporotic (n=52), osteopenic (n=69) and osteoporotic (n=47). Serum ALP, phosphate and calcium were used in a stepwise multiple regression analysis to predict T-score in these groups.
Results: In normal postmenopausal females, the prediction model was statistically significant, F(2, 41) = 6.041, p < 0.05 and showed a T-score variance of 22%. T-score was primarily predicted by higher levels of phosphate and calcium. In postmenopausal osteopenic females, T-score was only predicted by lower levels of ALP. The model was statistically significant, F(1, 59) = 4.995, p < 0.05, and accounted for approximately 7% of the variance of T-score. In postmenopausal osteoporotic females, the prediction model contained no predictors.
Conclusion: Our study suggested that calcium and phosphate are the strongest predictors of T-score in postmenopausal normal females, while in postmenopausal osteopenic females ALP was the strongest predictor of T-score. Elevated serum ALP levels may help in determining loss of BMD in postmenopausal females.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.188
How to cite this:Tariq S, Tariq S, Lone KP, Khaliq S. Alkaline phosphatase is a predictor of Bone Mineral Density in postmenopausal females. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(3):749-753. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.188
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Efficacy of zinc sulfate on concurrent chemoradiotherapy induced taste alterations in oral cancer patients: A double blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Khan Asma Hayat , Safdar Jawad , Siddiqui Saad Uddin 
Published: May 2019

Objectives: To observe the efficacy of zinc sulfate on taste alterations in oral cancer patients receiving concurrent chemotherapy with radiotherapy.
Methods: Seventy patients were randomly assigned to both intervention and control group at Oncology Section of Atomic Energy Medical Centre Karachi from September 2017 to March 2018. One group received zinc sulfate capsules (50 mg TDS daily after meals) and the other group received placebo (thrice after meals). Patients were advised to start taking capsules on the first day of their chemoradiation. Both the groups continued the capsules a month after their CCRT ended.
Results: Sweet taste was most effected by cancer and its treatment followed by bitter and salty taste. Sour taste was least effected. When both the groups were compared for four tastes for detection threshold, the differences in observation at 3 stages of median IQR were not significant. For recognition threshold between zinc sulfate and placebo, no significant difference was observed in median IQR for salty taste and bitter taste. However, sweet taste (baseline p-value 0.245, end p-value 0.010, follow-up p-value 0.038) was statistically significant at end of CCRT and follow-up stage and sour taste (baseline p-value 0.24, end p-value 0.006, follow-up p-value 0.898) at end of CCRT only.
Conclusion: Zinc sulfate was not found to be beneficial in preventing chemoradiation induced taste alterations. Taste and smell alterations are common in patients with cancer and do not receive sufficient support to manage taste alterations. This area requires more research to develop a comprehensive understanding of the nature and its management.
Abbreviations: CCRT = Concurrent chemoradiotherapy. DT = Detection threshold. RT = Recognition threshold. AEMC = Atomic Energy Medical Centre.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.503
How to cite this:Khan AH, Safdar J, Siddiqui SU. Efficacy of zinc sulfate on concurrent chemoradiotherapy induced taste alterations in oral cancer patients: A double blind randomized controlled trial. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(3):624-629. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.503
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Determinação da composição, partição e bioacessibilidade de cálcio em queijos Minas Padrão comerciais
Authors: Pereira João Pablo Fortes , Campos Náira Da Silva , De Oliveira Ângela Maria Ferreira , De Sousa Rafael Arromba , De Paula Junio César Jacinto , Da Silva Paulo Henrique Fonseca 
Published: May 2019

Os queijos apresentam destaque entre os derivados lácteos pelos elevados teores lipídico, proteico e mineral. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar doze queijos Minas Padrão comercializados em Juiz de Fora. As análises ocorrerem quando os queijos estavam com intervalo entre 15 dias e 30 dias de fabricação de forma a avaliar os constituintes composicionais de relevância para a classificação no Regulamento Técnico de Identidade e Qualidade de Queijos, avaliar o potencial hidrogeniônico (pH) e, também, com relação ao teor, distribuição (frações de cálcio total, cálcio na fase aquosa e cálcio livre) e bioacessibilidade do cálcio. Os valores médios encontrados foram: 42,4 ± 3,8 % m/m de umidade; 22,5 ± 1,4 % m/m de proteína; 26,7 ± 1,9% m/m de gordura; 46,3 ± 2,7 % de gordura do extrato seco; 687 ± 86 mg/100g de cálcio total; 482 ± 139 mg/100g de cálcio na fase aquosa; 99,3 ± 10,7 mg/100mL de “cálcio livre”; 37,1 ± 13,5 % de bioacessibilidade de cálcio; 5,14 ± 0,20 de pH. A falta de um regulamento para o queijo Minas Padrão dificulta a caracterização do produto. Em relação ao mineral estudado, a maior parte do cálcio presente no queijo encontra-se na sua fase aquosa, associada aos sais. O teor bioacessível de cálcio nos queijos Minas Padrão comerciais apresenta grande variação, cujas causas são diversas. Este trabalho contribui para a valorização nutricional e para o aperfeiçoamento dos marcos regulatórios de identidade e qualidade do queijo Minas Padrão, por meio da inédita caracterização deste alimento quanto ao teor, a partição entre fases (aquosa e livre) e à bioacessibilidade do cálcio.
Analysis of Traction Properties and Power of Wheels Used on Various Agricultural Soils
Authors: Czarnecki Jarosław , Brennensthul Marek , Białczyk Włodzimierz , Ptak Weronika , Gil Łukasz 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe paper presents results of the research on traction properties of two tractor tyres used on two agricultural grounds. The first ground was a stubble and the second one cropland. The investigated tyres had the same structure (diagonal, with a traditional tyre tread but different external dimensions. The research was carried out in field conditions with the use of a stand aggregated with a farm tractor. Analysis covered traction efficiency, slide, towing power and power lost on the rolling resistance and wheel slide. Based on the obtained results it was concluded that on a ground with lower compaction, the values of power losses were higher and traction efficiency was lower. Moreover, it was proved that the value of the power lost for rolling resistance had a decisive impact on the values of traction efficiency
Reference intervals for serum total vitamin B12 and holotranscobalamin concentrations and their change points with methylmalonic acid concentration to assess vitamin B12 status during early and mid-pregnancy
Authors: Schroder Theresa H. , Tan Amy , Mattman Andre , Sinclair Graham , Barr Susan I. , Vallance Hilary D. , Lamers Yvonne 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Maternal vitamin B12 (B-12) adequacy is important for maternal health and optimal fetal growth. However, pregnancy-specific cut-offs for B-12 biomarkers are lacking.

Methods
Reference intervals for serum total B-12, holotranscobalamin (holoTC) and methylmalonic acid (MMA) concentrations were calculated following CLSI EP28-A3c guidelines in 723 pregnant women of European (50%) and South Asian (50%) ethnicity, residing in British Columbia, Canada, at median (range) 11.4 (8.3–13.9) and 16.1 (14.9–20.9) weeks of gestation. Change point analyses described relationships between log serum MMA concentration with serum total B-12 and holoTC concentrations, assuming linear-linear relationships.

Results
The central 95% reference interval limits indicated that serum total B-12 <89.9 and <84.0 pmol/L, holoTC <29.5 and <26.0 pmol/L and MMA >371 and >374 nmol/L, in the first and second trimesters, respectively, may indicate B-12 deficiency in pregnant women. The lower limits of total B-12 and holoTC and the upper limits of MMA significantly differed by ethnicity in both trimesters. According to the change point analysis, total B-12 <186 and <180 pmol/L and holoTC <62.2 and <67.5 pmol/L in the first and second trimesters, respectively, suggested an increased probability of impaired intracellular B-12 status, with no difference between ethnicities.

Conclusions
We present novel reference limits and change points for B-12 biomarkers, which may be employed to identify possible B-12 deficiency in women during early and mid-pregnancy. Future research is needed to validate these cut-offs and determine the predictors and functional outcomes associated with impaired B-12 status in ethnically diverse populations.
Kant’s Epistemological Reorientation of Ontology
Authors: Lau Chong-Fuk 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This paper analyzes Kant’s epistemological reorientation of ontology, explaining in what sense Kant’s complex theory of transcendental idealism and empirical realism should be understood as an ontological realism under the framework of epistemological idealism. The paper shows that Kant’s concept of existence is only applicable to empirical objects in the spatiotemporal causal framework. Accordingly, not only things in themselves, but also epistemic conditions such as the transcendental subject and the faculties of sensibility and understanding cannot be said to exist. They are theoretical constructs in the transcendental discourse to account for the normative conditions of objective cognition and reality.
Enhanced THz EIT resonance based on the coupled electric field dropping effect within the undulated meta-surface
Authors: Wang Lan , Guo Xiaoqing , Zhang Yaxin , Zhou Xinlan , Yuan Lin , Zhang Ping , Liang Shixiong , Lan Feng , Zeng Hongxin , Zhang Ting , Kou Wei , Yang Ziqiang 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In this paper, the enhanced terahertz (THz) electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonance is achieved based on the coupled electric field dropping effect within the undulated meta-surface. It is found that the height difference between the inner ring and the outer split ring could lead to a significant coupled mode with electric field dropping distribution. When the height of the inner ring increases, the electric field of the inner ring gradually cascades to the outer ring just as a waterfall so that the coupling between the two rings in a unit cell and two adjacent units is enhanced. Both the simulation and experimental results show that a nearly 95% transparency window which is twice that of traditional EIT can be observed by applying such coupled electric field dropping effect, which may provide a promising way to develop the high resonance intensity meta-surface in the THz region.
Designing photonic topological insulators with quantum-spin-Hall edge states using topology optimization
Authors: Christiansen Rasmus E. , Wang Fengwen , Sigmund Ole , Stobbe Søren 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDesigning photonic topological insulators (PTIs) is highly non-trivial because it requires inversion of band symmetries around the band gap, which was so far done using intuition combined with meticulous trial and error. Here we take a completely different approach: we consider the design of PTIs as an inverse design problem and use topology optimization to maximize the transmission through an edge mode past a sharp bend. Two design domains composed of two different but initially identicalC6ν-symmetric unit cells define the geometrical design problem. Remarkably, the optimization results in a PTI reminiscent of the shrink-and-grow approach to quantum-spin-Hall PTIs but with notable differences in the crystal structure as well as qualitatively different band structures and with significantly improved performance as gauged by the band-gap sizes, which are at least 50% larger than in previous designs. Furthermore, we find a directional β-factor exceeding 99% and very low losses for sharp bends. Our approach allows the introduction of fabrication limitations by design and opens an avenue towards designing PTIs with hitherto-unexplored symmetry constraints.
Quadratic phase modulation and diffraction-limited microfocusing generated by pairs of subwavelength dielectric scatterers
Authors: Tellal Azeddine , Ziane Omar , Jradi Safi , Stephan Olivier , Baldeck Patrice L. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Diffractive approaches are needed when refractive microlenses reach their focusing limit at the micron-scale in visible light. Previously, we have reported on micron-sized optical lenses based on the diffraction of metallic nanowires. Here, we extend our study to lenses based on pairs of subwavelength dielectric scatterers. Using simulations by two-dimensional finite element method, we demonstrate that focusing holds for pair spacings as small as the wavelength-size. For pairs with distances between inner walls larger than about 1.2λ, the scattered waves generate a quadratic phase modulation on the total propagating field leading to a diffraction-limited focusing i.e. an effective optical lens effect with high numerical aperture. In addition, they have low sidelobe intensities, long depths of focus, and they have a low sensitivity with polarization. For pairs with inner wall distances smaller than about 1.2λ, the focusing phase modulation is accumulated during the propagation through the dielectric pair structure. In this work, we report only on the experimental demonstration for the case of larger wall separation to emphasize on the scattered wave effect on micro-focusing. A pair of parallel polymer lines (cylindrical lens), and a grid of polymer lines (square microlens array) with 2 μm-spacing were fabricated by two-photon induced polymerization. Their focal lengths are comparable to their separating distances, their spot-sizes are 0.37 μm and 0.28 μm at wavelength 530 nm, and their focusing efficiencies are 70% and 60%, respectively.