bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Greenland ice sheet driven by pCO2 variations across the Pliocene Pleistocene transition
Authors: Tan Ning , Ladant Jean-Baptiste , Ramstein Gilles , Dumas Christophe , Bachem Paul , Jansen Eystein 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIt is generally considered that the perennial glaciation of Greenland lasting several orbital cycles began around 2.7 Ma along with the intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation (NHG). Both data and model studies have demonstrated that a decline in atmospheric pCO2 was instrumental in establishing a perennial Greenland ice sheet (GrIS), yet models have generally used simplistic pCO2 constraints rather than data-inferred pCO2 evolution. Here, using a method designed for the long-term coupling of climate and cryosphere models and pCO2 scenarios from different studies, we highlight the pivotal role of pCO2 on the GrIS expansion across the Plio-Pleistocene Transition (PPT, 3.0–2.5 Ma), in particular in the range between 280 and 320 ppm. Good qualitative agreement is obtained between various IRD reconstructions and some of the possible evolutions of the GrIS simulated by our model. Our results underline the dynamism of the GrIS waxing and waning under pCO2 levels similar to or lower than today, which supports recent evidence of a dynamic GrIS during the Plio-Pleistocene.
Designer liquid-liquid interfaces made from transient double emulsions
Authors: Dockx Greet , Geisel Steffen , Moore David G. , Koos Erin , Studart Andre R. , Vermant Jan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCurrent methods for generating liquid-liquid interfaces with either controlled composition or coverage often rely on adsorption equilibria which limits the freedom to design such multiphase materials, in particular when different components are used. Moreover, when interfaces become densely populated, slowing down of adsorption may impose additional constraints. Up to now, it is not possible to control surface coverage and composition of droplet interfaces at will. Here, we report a generic and versatile method to create designer liquid-liquid interfaces, using transient double emulsions. We demonstrate how the surface coverage in Pickering emulsions can be controlled at will, even for dense particulate layers going up to multilayers. Moreover, composite droplet interfaces with compositional control can be generated, even with particles which would have intrinsically different or even opposite adsorption characteristics. Given its simplicity, this method offers a general approach for control of composition of liquid-liquid interfaces in a variety of multiphase systems.
Two novel, putative mechanisms of action for citalopram-induced platelet inhibition
Authors: Roweth Harvey G. , Cook Aaron A. , Moroi Masaaki , Bonna Arkadiusz M. , Jung Stephanie M. , Bergmeier Wolfgang , Sage Stewart O. , Jarvis Gavin E. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCitalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), inhibits platelet function in vitro. We have previously shown that this action is independent of citalopram’s ability to block serotonin uptake by the serotonin transporter and must therefore be mediated via distinct pharmacological mechanisms. We now report evidence for two novel and putative mechanisms of citalopram-induced platelet inhibition. Firstly, in platelets, citalopram blocked U46619-induced Rap1 activation and subsequent platelet aggregation, but failed to inhibit U46619-induced increases in cytosolic Ca2+. Similarly, in neutrophils, citalopram inhibited Rap1 activation and downstream functions but failed to block PAF-induced Ca2+ mobilisation. In a cell-free system, citalopram also reduced CalDAG-GEFI-mediated nucleotide exchange on Rap1B. Secondly, the binding of anti-GPVI antibodies to resting platelets was inhibited by citalopram. Furthermore, citalopram-induced inhibition of GPVI-mediated platelet aggregation was instantaneous, reversible and displayed competitive characteristics, suggesting that these effects were not caused by a reduction in GPVI surface expression, but by simple competitive binding. In conclusion, we propose two novel, putative and distinct inhibitory mechanisms of action for citalopram: (1) inhibition of CalDAG-GEFI/Rap1 signalling, and (2) competitive antagonism of GPVI in platelets. These findings may aid in the development of novel inhibitors of CalDAG-GEFI/Rap1-dependent nucleotide exchange and novel GPVI antagonists.
Collective antiskyrmion-mediated phase transition and defect-induced melting in chiral magnetic films
Authors: Pierobon L. , Moutafis C. , Li Y. , Löffler J. F. , Charilaou M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMagnetic phase transitions are a manifestation of competing interactions whose behavior is critically modified by defects and becomes even more complex when topological constraints are involved. In particular, the investigation of skyrmions and skyrmion lattices offers insight into fundamental processes of topological-charge creation and annihilation upon changing the magnetic state. Nonetheless, the exact physical mechanisms behind these phase transitions remain unresolved. Here, we show numerically that it is possible to collectively reverse the polarity of a skyrmion lattice in a field-induced first-order phase transition via a transient antiskyrmion-lattice state. We thus propose a new type of phase transformation where a skyrmion lattice inverts to another one due to topological constraints. In the presence of even a single defect, the process becomes a second-order phase transition with gradual topological-charge melting. This radical change in the system’s behavior from a first-order to a second-order phase transition demonstrates that defects in real materials could prevent us from observing collective topological phenomena. We have systematically compared ultra-thin films with isotropic and anisotropic Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions (DMIs), and demonstrated a nearly identical behavior for such technologically relevant interfacial systems.
Deciphering the immune microenvironment of a tissue by digital imaging and cognition network
Authors: Lopès A. , Cassé Al H. , Billard E. , Boulcourt-Sambou E. , Roche G. , Larois C. , Barnich N. , Naimi S. , Bonnet M. , Dumas B. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEvidence has highlighted the importance of immune cells in various gut disorders. Both the quantification and localization of these cells are essential to the understanding of the complex mechanisms implicated in these pathologies. Even if quantification can be assessed (e.g., by flow cytometry), simultaneous cell localization and quantification of whole tissues remains technically challenging. Here, we describe the use of a computer learning-based algorithm created in the Tissue Studio interface that allows for a semi-automated, robust and rapid quantitative analysis of immunofluorescence staining on whole colon sections according to their distribution in different tissue areas. Indeed, this algorithm was validated to characterize gut immune microenvironment. Its application to the preclinical colon cancer APCMin/+ mouse model is illustrated by the simultaneous counting of total leucocytes and T cell subpopulations, in the colonic mucosa, lymphoid follicles and tumors. Moreover, we quantify T cells in lymphoid follicles for which quantification is not possible with classical methods. Thus, this algorithm is a new and robust preclinical research tool, for investigating immune contexture exemplified by T cells but it is also applicable to other immune cells such as other myeloid and lymphoid populations or other cellular phenomenon along mouse gut.
Comparison of linear frequency and amplitude modulation for intraneural sensory feedback in bidirectional hand prostheses
Authors: Valle G. , Petrini F. M. , Strauss I. , Iberite F. , D’Anna E. , Granata G. , Controzzi M. , Cipriani C. , Stieglitz T. , Rossini P. M. , Mazzoni A. , Raspopovic S. , Micera S. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRecent studies have shown that direct nerve stimulation can be used to provide sensory feedback to hand amputees. The intensity of the elicited sensations can be modulated using the amplitude or frequency of the injected stimuli. However, a comprehensive comparison of the effects of these two encoding strategies on the amputees’ ability to control a prosthesis has not been performed. In this paper, we assessed the performance of two trans-radial amputees controlling a myoelectric hand prosthesis while receiving grip force sensory feedback encoded using either linear modulation of amplitude (LAM) or linear modulation of frequency (LFM) of direct nerve stimulation (namely, bidirectional prostheses). Both subjects achieved similar and significantly above-chance performance when they were asked to exploit LAM or LFM in different tasks. The feedbacks allowed them to discriminate, during manipulation through the robotic hand, objects of different compliances and shapes or different placements on the prosthesis. Similar high performances were obtained when they were asked to apply different levels of force in a random order on a dynamometer using LAM or LFM. In contrast, only the LAM strategy allowed the subjects to continuously modulate the grip pressure on the dynamometer. Furthermore, when long-lasting trains of stimulation were delivered, LFM strategy generated a very fast adaptation phenomenon in the subjects, which caused them to stop perceiving the restored sensations. Both encoding approaches were perceived as very different from the touch feelings of the healthy limb (natural). These results suggest that the choice of specific sensory feedback encodings can have an effect on user performance while grasping. In addition, our results invite the development of new approaches to provide more natural sensory feelings to the users, which could be addressed by a more biomimetic strategy in the future.
Hepatitis A virus infections, immunisations and demographic determinants in children and adolescents, Germany
Authors: Michaelis Kai , Poethko-Müller Christina , Kuhnert Ronny , Stark Klaus , Faber Mirko 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHepatitis A is a vaccine-preventable disease with a global distribution. It predominantly occurs in regions with inadequate living conditions, but also affects populations in industrialised countries. Children are frequently involved in the transmission of hepatitis A virus (HAV) and thus play a central role in the epidemiology of hepatitis A. Here, we investigated HAV infections, immunisations, and associated demographic determinants in a nationwide, population-based, cross-sectional survey conducted in Germany from 2003–2006. Out of 17,640 children and adolescents, complete data sets (HAV serology, demographic information and vaccination card) were available for 12,249 (69%), all aged 3–17 years. We found protective antibody levels (>=20 IU/L) in 1,755 (14%) individuals, 1,395 (11%) were vaccinated against hepatitis A, 360 (3%) individuals were HAV seropositive without prior hepatitis A vaccination, thus indicating a previous HAV infection. Antibody prevalence (attributable to vaccination or infection) increased significantly with age. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that predominantly children and adolescents with migration background–even if they were born in Germany–are affected by HAV infections. Our results provide a rationale to emphasise existing vaccination recommendations and, moreover, to consider additional groups with a higher risk of infection for targeted vaccination, especially children with a migration background.
Magnetic field driven complex phase diagram of antiferromagnetic heavy-fermion superconductor Ce3PtIn11
Authors: Das Debarchan , Gnida Daniel , Bochenek Łukasz , Rudenko Andriy , Daszkiewicz Marek , Kaczorowski Dariusz 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe present the results of our comprehensive investigation on the antiferromagnetic heavy-fermion superconductor Ce3PtIn11 carried out by means of electrical transport, heat capacity and ac magnetic susceptibility measurements, performed on single-crystalline specimens down to 50 mK in external magnetic fields up to 9 T. Our experimental results elucidate a complex magnetic field – temperature phase diagram which contains both first- and second-order field-induced magnetic transitions and highlights the emergence of field stabilized phases. Remarkably, a prominent metamagnetic transition was found to occur at low temperatures and strong magnetic fields. In turn, the results obtained in the superconducting phase of Ce3PtIn11 corroborate an unconventional nature of Cooper pairs formed by heavy quasiparticles. The compound is an almost unique example of a heavy fermion system in which superconductivity may coexist microscopically with magnetically ordered state.
Spin-torque devices with hard axis initialization as Stochastic Binary Neurons
Authors: Ostwal Vaibhav , Debashis Punyashloka , Faria Rafatul , Chen Zhihong , Appenzeller Joerg 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEmploying the probabilistic nature of unstable nano-magnet switching has recently emerged as a path towards unconventional computational systems such as neuromorphic or Bayesian networks. In this letter, we demonstrate proof-of-concept stochastic binary operation using hard axis initialization of nano-magnets and control of their output state probability (activation function) by means of input currents. Our method provides a natural path towards addition of weighted inputs from various sources, mimicking the integration function of neurons. In our experiment, spin orbit torque (SOT) is employed to “drive” nano-magnets with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) -to their metastable state, i.e. in-plane hard axis. Next, the probability of relaxing into one magnetization state (+mi) or the other (−mi) is controlled using an Oersted field generated by an electrically isolated current loop, which acts as a “charge” input to the device. The final state of the magnet is read out by the anomalous Hall effect (AHE), demonstrating that the magnetization can be probabilistically manipulated and output through charge currents, closing the loop from charge-to-spin and spin-to-charge conversion. Based on these building blocks, a two-node directed network is successfully demonstrated where the status of the second node is determined by the probabilistic output of the previous node and a weighted connection between them. We have also studied the effects of various magnetic properties, such as magnet size and anisotropic field on the stochastic operation of individual devices through Monte Carlo simulations of Landau Lifshitz Gilbert (LLG) equation. The three-terminal stochastic devices demonstrated here are a critical step towards building energy efficient spin based neural networks and show the potential for a new application space.
Exploring representations of human grasping in neural, muscle and kinematic signals
Authors: Sburlea Andreea I. , Müller-Putz Gernot R. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMovement covariates, such as electromyographic or kinematic activity, have been proposed as candidates for the neural representation of hand control. However, it remains unclear how these movement covariates are reflected in electroencephalographic (EEG) activity during different stages of grasping movements. In this exploratory study, we simultaneously acquired EEG, kinematic and electromyographic recordings of human subjects performing 33 types of grasps, yielding the largest such dataset to date. We observed that EEG activity reflected different movement covariates in different stages of grasping. During the pre-shaping stage, centro-parietal EEG in the lower beta frequency band reflected the object’s shape and size, whereas during the finalization and holding stages, contralateral parietal EEG in the mu frequency band reflected muscle activity. These findings contribute to the understanding of the temporal organization of neural grasping patterns, and could inform the design of noninvasive neuroprosthetics and brain-computer interfaces with more natural control.
Observation of a topologically protected state in a magnetic domain wall stabilized by a ferromagnetic chemical barrier
Authors: Ruiz-Gómez Sandra , Foerster Michael , Aballe Lucia , Proenca Mariana P. , Lucas Irene , Prieto José Luis , Mascaraque Arantzazu , de la Figuera Juan , Quesada Adrián , Pérez Lucas 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe precise control and stabilization of magnetic domain walls is key for the development of the next generation magnetic nano-devices. Among the multitude of magnetic configurations of a magnetic domain wall, topologically protected states are of particular interest due to their intrinsic stability. In this work, using XMCD-PEEM, we have observed a topologically protected magnetic domain wall in a ferromagnetic cylindrical nanowire. Its structure is stabilized by periodic sharp alterations of the chemical composition in the nanowire. The large stability of this topologically protected domain wall contrasts with the mobility of other non-protected and non-chiral states also present in the same nanowire. The micromagnetic simulations show the structure and the conditions required to find the topologically protected state. These results are relevant for the design of future spintronic devices such as domain wall based RF oscillators or magnetic memories.
Increased sporulation underpins adaptation of Clostridium difficile strain 630 to a biologically–relevant faecal environment, with implications for pathogenicity
Authors: Ternan Nigel George , Moore Nicola Diana , Smyth Deborah , McDougall Gordon James , Allwood James William , Verrall Susan , Gill Christopher Ian Richard , Dooley James Stephen Gerard , McMullan Geoff 
Published: November 2018

AbstractClostridium difficile virulence is driven primarily by the processes of toxinogenesis and sporulation, however many in vitro experimental systems for studying C. difficile physiology have arguably limited relevance to the human colonic environment. We therefore created a more physiologically–relevant model of the colonic milieu to study gut pathogen biology, incorporating human faecal water (FW) into growth media and assessing the physiological effects of this on C. difficile strain 630. We identified a novel set of C. difficile–derived metabolites in culture supernatants, including hexanoyl– and pentanoyl–amino acid derivatives by LC-MSn. Growth of C. difficile strain 630 in FW media resulted in increased cell length without altering growth rate and RNA sequencing identified 889 transcripts as differentially expressed (p < 0.001). Significantly, up to 300–fold increases in the expression of sporulation–associated genes were observed in FW media–grown cells, along with reductions in motility and toxin genes’ expression. Moreover, the expression of classical stress–response genes did not change, showing that C. difficile is well–adapted to this faecal milieu. Using our novel approach we have shown that interaction with FW causes fundamental changes in C. difficile biology that will lead to increased disease transmissibility.
Correlation between genomic index lesions and mpMRI and 68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT imaging features in primary prostate cancer
Authors: Kesch Claudia , Radtke Jan-Philipp , Wintsche Axel , Wiesenfarth Manuel , Luttje Mariska , Gasch Claudia , Dieffenbacher Svenja , Pecqueux Carine , Teber Dogu , Hatiboglu Gencay , Nyarangi-Dix Joanne , Simpfendörfer Tobias , Schönberg Gita , Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss Antonia , Freitag Martin , Duensing Anette , Grüllich Carsten , Jäger Dirk , Götz Michael , Grabe Niels , Schweiger Michal-Ruth , Pahernik Sascha , Perner Sven , Herpel Esther , Roth Wilfried , Wieczorek Kathrin , Maier-Hein Klaus , Debus Jürgen , Haberkorn Uwe , Giesel Frederik , Galle Jörg , Hadaschik Boris , Schlemmer Heinz-Peter , Hohenfellner Markus , Bonekamp David , Sültmann Holger , Duensing Stefan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA)- positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT)-imaging of prostate cancer (PCa) are emerging techniques to assess the presence of significant disease and tumor progression. It is not known, however, whether and to what extent lesions detected by these imaging techniques correlate with genomic features of PCa. The aim of this study was therefore to define a genomic index lesion based on chromosomal copy number alterations (CNAs) as marker for tumor aggressiveness in prostate biopsies in direct correlation to multiparametric (mp) MRI and 68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT imaging features. CNA profiles of 46 biopsies from five consecutive patients with clinically high-risk PCa were obtained from radiologically suspicious and unsuspicious areas. All patients underwent mpMRI, MRI/TRUS-fusion biopsy, 68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT and a radical prostatectomy. CNAs were directly correlated to imaging features and radiogenomic analyses were performed. Highly significant CNAs (≥10 Mbp) were found in 22 of 46 biopsies. Chromosome 8p, 13q and 5q losses were the most common findings. There was an strong correspondence between the radiologic and the genomic index lesions. The radiogenomic analyses suggest the feasibility of developing radiologic signatures that can distinguish between genomically more or less aggressive lesions. In conclusion, imaging features of mpMRI and 68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT can guide to the genomically most aggressive lesion of a PCa. Radiogenomics may help to better differentiate between indolent and aggressive PCa in the future.
Comparison of Prognostic Accuracy of the quick Sepsis-Related Organ Failure Assessment between Short- & Long-term Mortality in Patients Presenting Outside of the Intensive Care Unit – A Systematic Review & Meta-analysis
Authors: Tan Toh Leong , Tang Ying Jing , Ching Ling Jing , Abdullah Noraidatulakma , Neoh Hui-Min 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this meta-analysis was to compare the ability of the qSOFA in predicting short- (≤30 days or in-hospital mortality) and long-term (>30 days) mortality among patients outside the intensive care unit setting. Studies reporting on the qSOFA and mortality were searched using MEDLINE and SCOPUS. Studies were included if they involved patients presenting to the ED with suspected infection and usage of qSOFA score for mortality prognostication. Data on qSOFA scores and mortality rates were extracted from 36 studies. The overall pooled sensitivity and specificity for the qSOFA were 48% and 86% for short-term mortality and 32% and 92% for long-term mortality, respectively. Studies reporting on short-term mortality were heterogeneous (Odd ratio, OR = 5.6; 95% CI = 4.6–6.8; Higgins’s I2 = 94%), while long-term mortality studies were homogenous (OR = 4.7; 95% CI = 3.5–6.1; Higgins’s I2 = 0%). There was no publication bias for short-term mortality analysis. The qSOFA score showed poor sensitivity but moderate specificity for both short and long-term mortality, with similar performance in predicting both short- and long- term mortality. Geographical region was shown to have nominal significant (p = 0.05) influence on qSOFA short-term mortality prediction.