bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of a microalgal wastewater treatment for the removal of nutrients under non‐sterile conditions and carbon limitation
Authors: Ramos Ana C. , Regan Sharon , McGinn Patrick J. , Champagne Pascale 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMicroalgal treatment of municipal wastewater has been discussed as a novel strategy for the removal of excess nutrients and metals. Additionally, a number of products can be obtained from the resulting microalgal biomass, including energy products that can be utilized within the treatment plant. However, the effectiveness of these microalgal systems can be significantly affected by the natural biota, which could consequently impact the quality of the wastewater effluent. This study evaluated the performance of two microalgal species in the removal of nutrients from non‐sterile, highly concentrated synthetic wastewater. The results showed that monocultures of Scenedesmus sp. AMDD and Chlorella sorokiniana could remove up to 60 % NH4+, and 44 and 35 % PO43‐, respectively, in a semi‐continuous cultivation mode without negatively affecting effluent quality.
Can interfaces at bracket‐wire and between teeth in multi‐teeth finite element model be simplified?
Authors: Liu Yanzhi , Jiang Feifei , Chen Jie 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveFinite element (FE) method's correctness depends heavily on modeling method. This study aimed at determining whether the interfaces at bracket‐wire and between teeth can be simplified for multi‐teeth FE analysis.MethodA three‐dimensional FE model of a mandible was created from cone‐beam computed tomography scan. Due to symmetry, only a half of the mandible was modeled, which consisted of five teeth (first premolar extraction and only first molar), brackets and archwire, periodontal ligament (PDL), cortical bone, and cancellous bone. All the bone, teeth, and PDL were considered to be isotropic and linear. The En‐masse retraction case was simulated. A detailed model, which has contact elements between the bracket and archwire and between teeth, was developed to allow relative motion at the interfaces. A model with simplified interfacial conditions, which does not allow the relative motion, was also created. The stresses and displacements as results of the treatment on these two models were calculated and compared.ResultsThe stress and displacement distributions from the detailed model were more close to reality based on the expected displacement pattern of the clinical case than from the simplified model. The maximum stresses from the two methods were also different. The highest stress from the detailed model is twice as high as from the simplified model.ConclusionsThe detailed model provides much more reasonable results than the simplified model. Thus, the simplified model should not be used to replace the detailed model if the stress magnitude and highest stress location are the expected outcomes.
L‐selectin expression is regulated by CXCL8‐induced reactive oxygen species produced during human neutrophil rolling
Authors: Domínguez‐Luis María Jesús , Armas‐González Estefanía , Herrera‐García Ada , Arce‐Franco María , Feria Manuel , Vicente‐Manzanares Miguel , Martínez‐Ruiz Antonio , Sánchez‐Madrid Francisco , Díaz‐González Federico 
Published: November 2018

AbstractNeutrophils destroy invading microorganisms by phagocytosis by bringing them into contact with bactericidal substances, among which ROS are the most important. However, ROS also function as important physiological regulators of cellular signaling pathways. Here, we addressed the involvement of oxygen derivatives in the regulation of human neutrophil rolling, an essential component of the inflammatory response. Flow experiments using dihydroethidium‐preloaded human neutrophils showed that these cells initiate an early production of intracellular ROS during the rolling phase of the adhesion cascade, a phenomenon that required cell rolling, and the interaction of the chemokine receptor CXCR2 with their ligand CXCL8. Flow cytometry experiments demonstrated that L‐selectin shedding in neutrophils is triggered by ROS through an autocrine–paracrine mechanism. Preincubation of neutrophils with the NADPH oxidase complex inhibitor diphenyleniodonium chloride significantly increased the number of rolling neutrophils on endothelial cells. Interestingly, the same effect was observed when CXCL8 signaling was interfered using either a blocking monoclonal antibody or an inhibitor of its receptor. These findings indicate that, in response to CXCL8, neutrophils initiate ROS production during the rolling phase of the inflammatory response. This very early ROS production might participate in the modulation of the inflammatory response by inducing L‐selectin shedding in neutrophils.
C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N substrains differentially influence phenotype severity in the Scn1a+/− mouse model of Dravet syndrome
Authors: Kang Seok K. , Hawkins Nicole A. , Kearney Jennifer A. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryMany disease‐relevant phenotypes modeled in inbred mice have been shown to be strain‐dependent, indicating the important influence of genetic background on disease phenotypes. Although C57BL/6 mice are one of the most commonly used inbred strains in laboratory research, there are multiple substrains (eg, B6J vs B6N) that have been separated for more than 50 years. Thus, understanding the substrain differences is important for scientific rigor and reproducibility. In this study, seizure susceptibility, spontaneous seizures, and survival were compared between Scn1a+/− mice on (C57BL/6J × 129S6/SvEvTac)F1 (F1J) vs (C57BL/6N × 129S6/SvEvTac)F1 (F1N) strain backgrounds. F1N.Scn1a+/− mice were more susceptible to hyperthermia‐induced seizures, yet had milder spontaneous seizures and improved survival relative to F1J.Scn1a+/− mice. Our results indicate that choice of C57BL/6 substrain may significantly alter disease phenotypes and should be considered carefully in experimental design using the Scn1a+/− Dravet mouse model, as well as other mouse models of epilepsy.
CO2 capture and attrition performance of competitive eco‐friendly calcium‐based pellets in fluidized bed
Authors: Su Chenglin , Duan Lunbo , Anthony Edward John 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA system incorporating spent bleaching clay (SBC) into the calcium looping (CaL) process has been proposed. In this paper, prepared sorbents doped with regenerated SBC and cement were tested in a bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) to examine in detail their cyclic CO2 capture capacity and attrition properties. The results revealed that the cyclic CO2 capture capacity of pellets modified by pyrolyzed SBC and/or cement showed significantly better performance than limestone, which is consistent with the thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) results. This is due to the improvement of pore structure and enhanced sintering resistance created by adding support materials to the sorbent. The elutriation rates of the composites prepared with pyrolyzed SBC and/or cement were consistently lower than for crushed limestone. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images indicated that the pellets possessed higher sphericity than limestone particles, thus reducing surface abrasion. Limestone exhibited a high attrition rate (diameter reduction rate) of 10.7 μm/cycle, which could be eliminated effectively by adding regenerated SBC and/or cement. ‘L‐5PC‐10CA’ (85% lime/5% pyrolyzed SBC/10% cement) exhibited an attrition rate of only 7.9 μm/cycle. Based on the analysis of breakage and probability density function (PDF) for particle size distribution, it appeared that pellets without cement experienced breakage (mostly chipping and disintegration) and surface abrasion, whereas ‘L‐10CA’ (90% lime/10% cement) and ‘L‐5PC‐10CA’ mainly suffered surface abrasion, combined with some chipping. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dedifferentiated Schwann cells secrete progranulin that enhances the survival and axon growth of motor neurons
Authors: Hyung Sujin , Im Sun‐Kyoung , Lee Bo Yoon , Shin Jihye , Park Jong‐Chul , Lee Cheolju , Suh Jun‐Kyo Francis , Hur Eun‐Mi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSchwann cells (SCs), the primary glia in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), display remarkable plasticity in that fully mature SCs undergo dedifferentiation and convert to repair SCs upon nerve injury. Dedifferentiated SCs provide essential support for PNS regeneration by producing signals that enhance the survival and axon regrowth of damaged neurons, but the identities of neurotrophic factors remain incompletely understood. Here we show that SCs express and secrete progranulin (PGRN), depending on the differentiation status of SCs. PGRN expression and secretion markedly increased as primary SCs underwent dedifferentiation, while PGRN secretion was prevented by administration of cAMP, which induced SC differentiation. We also found that sciatic nerve injury, a physiological trigger of SC dedifferentiation, induced PGRN expression in SCs in vivo. These results suggest that dedifferentiated SCs express and secrete PGRN that functions as a paracrine factor to support the survival and axon growth of neighboring neurons after injury.
An online investigation of the relationship between the frequency of word puzzle use and cognitive function in a large sample of older adults
Authors: Brooker Helen , Wesnes Keith A. , Ballard Clive , Hampshire Adam , Aarsland Dag , Khan Zunera , Stenton Rob , McCambridge Laura , Corbett Anne 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveThe identification of modifiable lifestyle factors to preserve cognitive function in older individuals becomes increasingly of importance. This study examines whether word puzzle use is related to cognitive function in older adults.MethodsCognitive data from 19 078 cognitively healthy individuals aged 50 to 93 years enrolled into the online PROTECT study were evaluated for self‐reported frequency of performing word puzzles on a six‐point scale, ranging from “more than once per day” to “never”. Nine cognitive tests covered a range of domains including focussed and sustained attention, information processing, executive function, working memory, and episodic memory. Analyses of covariance were used to determine any differences between the six response groups.ResultsEach of the 14 cognitive measures analysed showed highly statistically significant main effects of the frequency of performing word puzzles. For each measure, the group who never performed word puzzles performed most poorly, with the group who reported occasional puzzle use also performing more poorly than virtually every other group. Measures of speed provided the greatest discriminations, with a grammatical reasoning score differentiating the two highest frequency groups, performing word puzzles daily or more than once daily.ConclusionsThe frequency of word puzzle use is directly related to cognitive function in adults aged 50 and over. Future work needs to determine whether engaging in such puzzles can favourably influence cognitive trajectory with age.
Impacts of the ACA Medicaid expansion on health behaviors: Evidence from household panel data
Authors: Cotti Chad , Nesson Erik , Tefft Nathan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA motivation for increasing health insurance coverage is to improve health outcomes for impacted populations. However, health insurance coverage may alternatively increase risky health behaviors due to ex ante moral hazard, and past research on this issue has led to mixed conclusions. This paper uses a panel of household purchases to estimate the effects of the recent state‐level Medicaid expansions resulting from the Affordable Care Act (ACA) on consumption goods that present adverse health risks. We utilize within‐household variation to identify whether increases in Medicaid availability impacted household purchase patterns of alcohol, nicotine‐related, snack food, and carbonated beverage products. Overall, we find little evidence that the ACA Medicaid expansion led to ex ante moral hazard across any of these products, but we find compelling evidence that the Medicaid expansions reduced cigarette consumption and increased smoking cessation product use among the Medicaid‐eligible population.
Targeting hippocampal adult neurogenesis using transcription factors to reduce Alzheimer's disease‐associated memory impairments
Authors: Dard Robin F. , Dahan Lionel , Rampon Claire 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHippocampal adult neurogenesis results in the persisting formation of new neurons that contribute to hippocampal‐dependent learning and memory. This has led to the hypothesis that memory impairments associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease may involve abnormal neurogenesis. Supporting this idea, evidence for decreased adult neurogenesis has been reported in the brain of Alzheimer's disease patients and in several mouse models of the disease. Thus, the development of strategies designed to stimulate the production of new neurons in the diseased brain has raised growing interest. In this review, we discuss putative strategies and present recent studies showing that it is now possible to instruct hippocampal endogenous neural progenitors to adopt an exclusive neuronal fate. We further report how such strategies lead to the rescue of cognitive functions in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Altogether, these findings provide the proof‐of‐concept that neurogenesis can be stimulated in the adult brain in vivo, and consequently overcomes pathological memory deficits.
Process intensification of biodiesel synthesis via ultrasound‐assisted in situ esterification of Jatropha oil seeds
Authors: Tan Shiou Xuan , Ong Hwai Chyuan , Lim Steven , Pang Yean Ling , Milano Jassinnee 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDNon‐edible oil such as Jatropha oil has high free fatty acids (FFAs) content. Therefore, acid esterification is a suitable route to reduce its FFA content to an acceptable limit (2 FFA%) before being subjected to further transesterification. In the present study, Jatropha seeds were utilized as the feedstock directly instead of Jatropha oil during ultrasound‐assisted in situ esterification. The objective of this work is to evaluate the feasibility of in situ esterification of Jatropha oil seeds using sulphuric acid (H2SO4) as catalyst with the aid of ultrasound.RESULTSThe reaction parameters (particle size, n‐hexane to methanol volume ratio, H2SO4 amount, reaction time and ultrasonic amplitude) were optimized and evaluated in term of extraction and esterification efficiencies as well as fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield. The highest extraction efficiency of 83.96%, esterification efficiency of 71.10% and FAME yield of 38.58% were achieved at particle size of 1–2 mm, n‐hexane to methanol volume ratio of 3:1, 5 vol% of H2SO4 and ultrasonic amplitude of 60% with reaction time of 150 min.CONCLUSIONSynthesis of biodiesel via ultrasound‐assisted in situ esterification of Jatropha oil seeds was successful with considerable yield, which could provide improvement in terms of process intensification and more value added by‐products. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
A rare complication of mitral valve replacement: Iatrogenic aortic valve perforation
Authors: Uygur Begum , Kahraman Serkan , Celik Omer , Erturk Mehmet 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIatrogenic aortic valve injury after mitral valve surgery is a well‐known but rare complication. Herein, we report a 62‐year‐old male patient who underwent mitral valve replacement surgery 12 years ago and developed moderate to severe aortic regurgitation immediately after surgery.
Ecological lifestyles and the scaling of shark gill surface area
Authors: Bigman Jennifer S. , Pardo Sebastián A. , Prinzing Tanya S. , Dando Marc , Wegner Nicholas C. , Dulvy Nicholas K. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFish gill surface area varies across species and with respect to ecological lifestyles. The majority of previous studies only qualitatively describe gill surface area in relation to ecology and focus primarily on teleosts. Here, we quantitatively examined the relationship of gill surface area with respect to specific ecological lifestyle traits in elasmobranchs, which offer an independent evaluation of observed patterns in teleosts. As gill surface area increases ontogenetically with body mass, examination of how gill surface area varies with ecological lifestyle traits must be assessed in the context of its allometry (scaling). Thus, we examined how the relationship of gill surface area and body mass across 11 shark species from the literature and one species for which we made measurements, the Gray SmoothhoundMustelus californicus,varied with three ecological lifestyle traits: activity level, habitat, and maximum body size. Relative gill surface area (gill surface area at a specified body mass; here we used 5,000g, termed the ‘standardized intercept’) ranged from 4,724.98 to 35,694.39 cm2(mean and standard error: 17,796.65 ± 2,948.61 cm2) and varied across species and the ecological lifestyle traits examined. Specifically, larger‐bodied, active, oceanic species had greater relative gill surface area than smaller‐bodied, less active, coastal species. In contrast, the rate at which gill surface area scaled with body mass (slope) was generally consistent across species (0.85 ± 0.02) and did not differ statistically with activity level, habitat, or maximum body size. Our results suggest that ecology may influence relative gill surface area, rather than the rate at which gill surface area scales with body mass. Future comparisons of gill surface area and ecological lifestyle traits using the quantitative techniques applied in this study can provide further insight into patterns dictating the relationship between gill surface area, metabolism, and ecological lifestyle traits.
Relative size variation of the otoliths, swim bladder, and Weberian apparatus structures in piranhas and pacus (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae) with different ecologies and its implications for the detection of sound stimuli
Authors: Boyle Kelly S. , Herrel Anthony 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe Weberian apparatus of otophysan fishes confers acute hearing that is hypothesized to allow these fishes to assess the environment and to find food resources. The otophysan family Serrasalmidae (piranhas and pacus) includes species known to feed on falling fruits and seeds (frugivore/granivores) that splash in rivers, herbivorous species associated with torrents and rapids (rheophiles), and carnivores that feed aggressively within shoals. Relevant sound stimuli may vary among these ecological groups and hearing may be tuned to different cues among species. In this context, we examined size variation of the Weberian ossicles, swim bladder chambers, and otoliths of 20 serrasalmid species from three broad feeding ecologies: frugivore/granivores, rheophiles, and carnivores. We performed 3D‐reconstructions of high resolution tomographic data (μCT) from 54 museum specimens to estimate the size of these elements. We then tested for an ecology effect on covariation of auditory structure size and body size and accounted for phylogeny with phylogenetic generalized least squares analyses. Among ecological groups, we observed differences in relative sizes of otoliths associated with sound pressure and particle motion detection, and variation in Weberian ossicle size that may impact sound transmission. Rheophiles, which live in noisy environments, possess the strongest modifications of these structures.
Accelerated multi‐snapshot free‐breathing mapping based on the dual refocusing echo acquisition mode technique (DREAM): An alternative to measure RF nonuniformity for cardiac MRI
Authors: Rincón‐Domínguez Teresa , Menini Anne , Solana Ana Beatriz , Fischer André , Kudielka Guido , Haase Axel , Burschka Darius 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundField inhomogeneities in MRI caused by interactions between the radiofrequency field and the patient anatomy can lead to artifacts and contrast variations, consequently degrading the overall image quality and thereby compromising diagnostic value of the images.PurposeTo develop an efficient free‐breathing and motion‐robust mapping method that allows for the investigation of spatial homogeneity of the transmitted radiofrequency field in the myocardium at 3.0T. Three joint approaches are used to adapt the dual refocusing echo acquisition mode (DREAM) sequence for cardiac applications: (1) electrocardiograph triggering; (2) a multi‐snapshot undersampling scheme, which relies on the Golden Ratio, to accelerate the acquisition; and (3) motion‐compensation based on low‐resolution images acquired in each snapshot.Study typeProspective.Phantom/subjectsEurospin II T05 system, torso phantom, and five healthy volunteers.Field strength/sequence3.0T/DREAM.AssessmentThe proposed method was compared with the Bloch‐Siegert shift (BSS) method and validated against the standard DREAM sequence. Cardiac maps were obtained in free‐breathing and breath‐hold as a proof of concept of the in vivo performance of the proposed method.Statistical testsMean and standard deviation (SD) values were analyzed for six standard regions of interest within the myocardium. Repeatability was assessed in terms of SD and coefficient of variation.ResultsPhantom results indicated low deviation from the BSS method (mean difference = 3%). Equivalent distributions for free‐breathing and breath‐hold in vivo experiments demonstrated the motion robustness of this method with good repeatability (SD < 0.05). The amount of variations was found to be 26% over the myocardium within a short axis slice.Data conclusionThe feasibility of a cardiac mapping method with high spatial resolution in a reduced scan time per trigger was demonstrated. The free‐breathing characteristic could be beneficial to determine shim components for multi‐channel systems, currently limited to two for a single breath‐hold.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:499–507.
White matter myelin profiles linked to clinical subtypes of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Baumeister Tobias R. , Kim Jowon L. , Zhu Maria , McKeown Martin J. 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundWhite matter (WM) microstructural integrity is important for effective brain functioning and alterations have been shown in many neurodegenerative diseases.PurposeTo investigate WM myelin profiles and their relation to clinical features of Parkinson's disease (PD).Study TypeRetrospective cross‐sectional.PopulationIn all, 29 PD subjects and 15 healthy controls.Field Strength/SequenceMultiecho GRASE with 10 msec echo spacing and echo planar imaging (EPI) diffusion‐weighted (b‐value = 700 with 32 gradient directions) on a 3T scanner.AssessmentMyelin water fraction (MWF) and fractional anisotropy (FA) across 20 WM regions of interest (ROIs) were compared between groups. Partial least squares (PLS) was used to associate MWF and FA with clinical and behavioral measures.Statistical TestsGroup comparisons were done using two‐sample t‐tests. PLS was assessed with permutation tests. Bootstrapping was used to investigate the robustness of imaging features.ResultsNo group differences in myelin content could be detected with univariate tests. A three‐component PLS model linked MWF profiles to clinical phenotypes but no FA profiles. The three components appeared to follow along broad motor/nonmotor subtypes of “akinetic‐rigid,” “tremor‐predominant,” and “depression/apathy” subtypes, respectively. The first component showed associations between overall motor scores (r = –0.43, P = 0.0196) and cognitive performance (r = 0.44, P = 0.0171) with interhemispheric and long‐range association fibers. A second component linked overall motor scores (r = –0.58, P = 0.0009) and tremor scores (r = –0.48, P = 0.0091) to predominantly projection fibers. The last component related depression (r = –0.60, P = 0.0006) and apathy scores (r = –0.66, P = 0.0001 and r = –49, P = 0.0072) to a mixture of association and projection fibers.Data ConclusionMWF was robustly linked to distinct clinical subtypes of PD and may serve as an additional tool to characterize the disease.Level of Evidence: 4Technical Efficacy: Stage 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:164–174.