bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘A community development yet-to-come’: Jacques Derrida and re-constructing community development praxis
Authors: Westoby Peter 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis chapter provides a concise overview of the life and career of Jacques Derrida, exploring how his substantive philosophical writing could be relevant to a community development ‘yet-to-come’ and specifically for a renewed praxis.Derrida was a leading intellectual of what is commonly known as deconstruction, and while never explicitly writing to community development, his later work became more overtly political, hence a relevance. Following a biographical sketch, the ‘traces’ of some key elements of his work outlined foregrounding three key threads, all equally important, all interlinked.The provocation of this article is that without a radical re-constituting of praxis– a deconstructive task – community development is at risk of ossifying into a programme that is no longer haunted by justice, is no longer mobilized by the ‘passion-of-not-knowing’ and is no longer vigilant towards the Other.
Histomolecular characterization of intracranial meningiomas developed in patients exposed to high-dose cyproterone acetate: an antiandrogen treatment
Authors: Portet Sylvain , Naoufal Rania , Tachon Gaëlle , Simonneau Adrien , Chalant Anaïs , Naar Amir , Milin Serge , Bataille Benoit , Karayan-Tapon Lucie 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumors in adults. The relationship between meningiomas and exogenous sex hormones such as cyproterone acetate (CPA) is well documented, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Defining the histomolecular status of meningiomas developed on CPA would help us to better understand the oncogenesis of these tumors.

Methods
We identified 30 patients operated for a meningioma after long-term high-dose CPA therapy and with a history of CPA discontinuation before establishing the indication for surgical intervention. We used array-comparative genomic hybridization (to characterize copy number changes in those 30 meningiomas and subsequently performed next-generation sequencing with the National Institute of Cancer (INCa) solid tumor panel, which is a targeted panel of clinically actionable genes. We also examined grade, type, and clinical features.

Results
We identified AKT1 mutations or PIK3CA mutations in 33.3% of CPA meningiomas. AKT1 and PIK3CA mutations were mutually exclusive. Enrichment in oncogenic PIK3CA mutations in the CPA cohort was detected. CPA meningiomas showed chromosomal stability and were located mainly in the skull base. Ninety percent of CPA meningiomas were low-grade meningiomas and 63.4% were meningotheliomas. Half of our CPA cohort had microcystic components.

Conclusion
Our study shows that low-grade meningothelial meningiomas of the skull base are predominant in CPA meningiomas. We identified PIK3CA/AKT1 pathway as a hypothetical actor in onco-pharmacological interaction between meningiomas and CPA. This signaling pathway could be an interesting target for precision medicine trials in meningioma patients who have been subjected to CPA. Our results could invite the scientific community to review the current classification of meningiomas and to evolve toward more specific histomolecular classification.
Cancer incidence in UK electricity generation and transmission workers, 1973–2015
Authors: Sorahan T M 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Long-term health outcomes in cohorts of workers from the electricity supply industry have been studied.

Aims
The aim of the study was to examine updated cancer incidence findings among a cohort of UK electricity generation and transmission workers.

Methods
Cancer morbidity experienced by 81 616 employees of the former Central Electricity Generating Board of England and Wales was investigated for the period 1973–2015. All employees had worked for at least 6 months with some employment between 1973 and 1982. Standardized registration ratios (SRRs) were calculated based on national rates.

Results
Overall cancer morbidity was slightly below expectation in males. Significant excesses were found in male workers for mesothelioma (observed [Obs] 763, SRR 326), skin cancer (non-melanoma) (Obs 5616, SRR 106), and prostate cancer (Obs 4298, SRR 106), and in female workers for cancer of the small intestine (Obs 13, SRR 220), nasal cancer (Obs 11, SRR 407), and breast cancer (Obs 758, SRR 110). More detailed analyses showed important contrasts, particularly for mesothelioma, lung cancer, skin cancer, prostate cancer and breast cancer.

Conclusions
A clear occupational excess of mesothelioma was not matched by a corresponding excess of asbestos-induced lung cancer. Confident interpretation of the excesses of cancers of the nasal cavities and small intestine is not possible, although occupational exposures received in this industry may well not be involved. An excess of skin cancer in transmission workers may be associated with outdoor working.
The Rule of Law Case Against Inconsistency and in Favour of Mandatory Civil Legal Process
Authors: Higgins Andrew Allan 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The traditional private, bipolar model of civil litigation has come under strain in a world of mass production and even mass law. The result is that the courts are deciding the same questions of fact or law in multiple proceedings. Multiplicity causes waste and vexation, creates a risk of inconsistent outcomes and raises concerns about adequacy of representation where a court creates a precedent that will affect the rights of others not before the court. This article argues that multiplicity, and the risk of inconsistency that goes with it, is antithetical to legal process using theoretical analysis, including Rawls’s tripartite classification of procedural justice concepts, and doctrinal analysis of the rules of procedure and evidence. It concludes by examining different methods for avoiding inconsistency and argues for the adoption of mandatory legal process for all persons wishing to assert claims or defences that give rise to common questions.
Using peripheral blood immune signatures to stratify patients with adult and juvenile inflammatory myopathies
Authors: Wilkinson Meredyth G Ll , Radziszewska Anna , Wincup Chris , Ioannou Yiannis , Isenberg David A , Manson Jessica J , Jury Elizabeth C 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe inflammatory idiopathic myopathies (IIM) are a group of rare autoimmune diseases defined by muscle weakness and characterized by pro-inflammatory infiltrates in muscle. Little is known about the immunological profile in peripheral blood of these patients and how this relates to IIM subtypes. This study aimed to stratify adult and juvenile-onset IIM patients according to immune cell profile.MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells from 44 patients with adult myositis (AM), 15 adolescent-onset juvenile dermatomyositis (a-JDM), and 40 age-matched healthy controls were analysed by flow cytometry to quantify 33 immune cell subsets. Adult myositis patients were grouped according to myositis subtype; DM and polymyositis; and also autoantibody specificity. Disease activity was determined by the myositis disease activity assessment tool and clinicians’ decision on treatment.ResultsUnique immune signatures were identified for DM, polymyositis and a-JDM compared with healthy controls. DM patients had a T-cell signature comprising increased CD4+ and TH17 cell frequencies and increased immune cell expression of IL-6. Polymyositis patients had a B-cell signature with reduced memory B cells. A-JDM had decreased naïve B cells and increased CD4+T cells. All patient groups had decreased CD8+central memory T-cell frequencies. The distinct immune signatures were also seen when adult myositis patients were stratified according to auto-antibody expression; patients with anti-synthetase-antibodies had reduced memory B cells and patients with autoimmune rheumatic disease overlap had an elevated Th17 profile.ConclusionUnique immune signatures were associated with adult vs juvenile disease. The Th17 signature in DM patients supports the potential use of IL-17 inhibitors in treatment of IIMs.
Teaching comprehension of mathematical language—a case for discrete approach
Authors: Habala Peter , Demlova Marie 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Arguably the largest obstacle freshmen face in their mathematics courses is their unfamiliarity with the language of mathematics. Addressing this problem right at the start seems like a sensible strategy, as comprehension of mathematical communication helps students in all mathematics courses they will take. In this paper we discuss general strategies that can be used when addressing the competency in understanding and speaking the language of mathematics. In particular we focus on benefits of teaching students to prove statements and difficulties related to such endeavour. We introduce discrete mathematics as a particularly suitable course for such activity. Then we look closer at practical experiences we had when teaching comprehension of mathematical language and proofs in discrete mathematics courses.
Identifying conversion efficiency as a key mechanism underlying food webs evolution: A step forward, or backward?
Authors: Fritsch Coralie , Billiard Sylvain , Champagnat Nicolas 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBody size or mass is generally seen as one of the main factors which structure food webs. A large number of evolutionary models have shown that indeed, the evolution of body size (or mass) can give rise to hierarchically organized trophic levels with complex between and within trophic interactions. However, because these models have often very different assumptions, sometimes arbitrary, it is difficult to evaluate what are the real key factors that determine food webs evolution, and whether these models’ results are robust or not. In this paper, we first review the different adaptive dynamics models, especially highlighting when their assumptions strongly differ. Second, we propose a general model which encompasses all previous models. We show that our model recovers all previous models’ results under identical assumptions. However, most importantly, we also show that, when relaxing some of their hypotheses, previous models give rise to degenerate food webs. Third, we show that the assumptions made regarding the form of biomass conversion efficiency are key for food webs evolution, a parameter which was neglected in previous models. We conclude by discussing the implication of biomass conversion efficiency, and by questioning the relevance of such models to study the evolution of food webs.
Cyanogenic glucoside production in cassava: The comparable influences of varieties, soil moisture content and nutrient supply
Authors: Imakumbili Matema L.E. , Semu Ernest , Semoka Johnson M.R. , Abass Adebayo , Mkamilo Geoffrey 
Published: May 2019

AbstractVarieties and soil moisture content are the two agronomic factors mostly pointed out as influencers of cyanogenic glucoside production in cassava. The role of soil nutrient supply is however often overlooked or minimised, despite its known influence on cyanogenic glucoside production. A pot experiment was hence carried out to determine whether soil nutrient supply had an equal influence on cyanogenic glucoside production in cassava, as varieties and soil moisture content. The cassava varieties, Kiroba (a sweet cassava variety) and Salanga (a bitter cassava variety), were used in the experiment, together with three soil moisture treatments that respectively induced severe moisture stress, moderate moisture stress and no moisture stress (optimal soil moisture conditions where plants were kept well-watered). The soil nutrient treatments used depicted conditions of low (no fertiliser), moderate (25 N mg, 5 P mg, 25 K mg /kg) and high (25 N mg, 5 P mg, 25 K mg /kg) nutrient supply. A sole K treatment was also included (25 K mg/kg). Total hydrogen cyanide (HCN) levels in cassava leaves were used to indicate the effects of the three factors on cyanogenic glucoside production. The results of the study showed that nutrient supply had a significantly (p < 0.001) equal influence on cyanogenic glucoside production, as varieties (p < 0.001) and soil moisture content (p < 0.001). Cyanogenic glucoside production was however found to be differently influenced by soil moisture content (M) and nutrient supply (N) in both Salanga (M×N, p = 0.002) and Kiroba (M×N, p < 0.001). Leaf HCN levels of unfertilised Salanga and Kiroba were respectively increased by 1.8 times and 2.7 times their levels under optimal soil moisture conditions. Thus, under severe moisture stress, low soil fertility was found to have an increasing effect on leaf HCN levels in both varieties. A high supply of N, P and K, however also had an increasing effect on leaf HCN in both varieties regardless of soil moisture conditions. Leaf HCN levels in Salanga ranged from 95.5 mg/kg to 334.5 mg/kg and in Kiroba they ranged from 39.3 mg/kg to 161.5 mg/kg, on a fresh weight basis. The study managed to demonstrate that soil fertility had an equally important influence on cyanogenic glucoside production, just like varieties and soil moisture content. The study also showed that the effects of nutrient supply on cyanogenic glucoside production in various cassava varieties is dependent on changes in soil moisture content and vice versa.
Personality modulates brain responses to emotion in music: Comparing whole-brain and regions-of-variance approaches
Authors: Oudyk Kendra , Burunat Iballa , Brattico Elvira , Toiviainen Petri 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWhether and how personality traits explain the individual variance in neural responses to emotion in music remains unclear. The sparse studies on this topic report inconsistent findings. The present study extends previous work using regions of variance (ROVs) as regions of interest, compared with whole-brain analysis. Fifty-five subjects listened to happy, sad, and fearful music during functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Personality was measured with the Big Five Questionnaire. Results confirmed previous observations of Neuroticism being positively related to activation during sad music, in the left inferior parietal lobe. In an exploratory analysis, Openness was positively related to activation during Happy music in an extended cluster in auditory areas, primarily including portions of the left Heschl’s gyrus, superior and middle temporal gyri, supramarginal gyrus, and Rolandic operculum. In the whole-brain analysis, similar results were found for Neuroticism but not for Openness. In turn, we did not replicate previous findings of Extraversion associated to activity during happy music, nor Neuroticism during fearful music. These results support a trait-congruent link between personality and emotion-elicited brain activity, and further our understanding of the action-observation network during emotional music listening. This study also indicates the usefulness of the ROV method in individual-differences research.
Structural basis of Q-dependent antitermination
Authors: Yin Zhou , Kaelber Jason , Ebright Richard H. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLambdoid bacteriophage Q protein mediates the switch from middle to late bacteriophage gene expression by enabling RNA polymerase (RNAP) to read through transcription terminators preceding bacteriophage late genes. Q loads onto RNAP engaged in promoter-proximal pausing at a Q binding element (QBE) and an adjacent sigma-dependent pause element (SDPE) to yield a “Q-loading complex,” and Q subsequently translocates with RNAP as a pausing-deficient, termination-deficient “Q-loaded complex.” Here, we report high-resolution structures of four states on the pathway of antitermination by Q from bacteriophage 21 (Q21): Q21, the Q21-QBE complex, the Q21-loading complex, and the Q21-loaded complex. The results show that Q21 forms a torus--a “nozzle”--that narrows and extends the RNAP RNA-exit channel, extruding single-stranded RNA and preventing formation of pause and terminator hairpins.One Sentence SummaryQ forms a “nozzle” that narrows the RNA polymerase RNA-exit channel and extrudes ssRNA, preventing formation of RNA hairpins.
Host-microbe interactions in the chemosyntheticRiftia pachyptilasymbiosis
Authors: Hinzke Tjorven , Kleiner Manuel , Breusing Corinna , Felbeck Horst , Häsler Robert , Sievert Stefan M. , Schlüter Rabea , Rosenstiel Philip , Reusch Thorsten B. H. , Schweder Thomas , Markert Stephanie 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe deep-sea tubewormRiftia pachyptilalacks a digestive system, but completely relies on bacterial endosymbionts for nutrition. Although the symbiont has been studied in detail on the molecular level, such analyses were unavailable for the animal host, because sequence information was lacking. To identify host-symbiont interaction mechanisms, we therefore sequenced theRiftiatranscriptome, which enabled comparative metaproteomic analyses of symbiont-containing versus symbiont-free tissues, both under energy-rich and energy-limited conditions. We demonstrate that metabolic interactions include nutrient allocation from symbiont to host by symbiont digestion, and substrate transfer to the symbiont by abundant host proteins. Our analysis further suggests thatRiftiamaintains its symbiont by protecting the bacteria from oxidative damage, while also exerting symbiont population control. Eukaryote-like symbiont proteins might facilitate intracellular symbiont persistence. Energy limitation apparently leads to reduced symbiont biomass and increased symbiont digestion. Our study provides unprecedented insights into host-microbe interactions that shape this highly efficient symbiosis.
Dual functionality of the TasA amyloid protein inBacillusphysiology and fitness on the phylloplane
Authors: Cámara-Almirón Jesús , Navarro Yurena , Magno-Pérez-Bryan M. Concepción , Molina-Santiago Carlos , Pearson John R. , Díaz-Martínez Luis , de Vicente Antonio , Pérez-García Alejandro , Romero Diego 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBacteria can form biofilms that consist of multicellular communities embedded in an extracellular matrix (ECM). Previous studies have demonstrated that genetic pathways involved in biofilm formation are activated under a variety of environmental conditions to enhance bacterial fitness; however, the functions of the individual ECM components are still poorly understood. InBacillus subtilis, the main protein component of the ECM is the functional amyloid TasA. In this study, we demonstrate that beyond their well-known defect in biofilm formation,ΔtasAcells also exhibit a range of cytological symptoms indicative of excessive cellular stress, including DNA damage accumulation, changes in membrane potential, higher susceptibility to oxidative stress, and alterations in membrane dynamics. Collectively, these events can lead to increased programmed cell death in the colony. We show that these major physiological changes inΔtasAcells are likely independent of the structural role of TasA during amyloid fiber formation in the ECM. The presence of TasA in cellular membranes, which would place it in proximity to functional membrane microdomains, and mislocalization of the flotillin-like protein FloT inΔtasAcells, led us to propose a role for TasA in the stabilization of membrane dynamics as cells enter stationary phase. We found that these alterations caused by the absence of TasA impair the survival, colonization and competition ofBacilluscells on the phylloplane. Taken together, our results allow the separation of two complementary roles of this functional amyloid protein: i) structural functions during ECM assembly and interactions with plants, and ii) a physiological function in which TasA, via its localization to the cell membrane, stabilizes membrane dynamics and supports more effective cellular adaptation to environmental cues.
Evidence for rapid phenotypic and behavioral change in a recently established cavefish population
Authors: McGaugh Suzanne E. , Weaver Sam , Gilbertson Erin N. , Garrett Brianna , Rudeen Melissa L. , Grieb Stephanie , Roberts Jennifer , Donny Alexandra , Marchetto Peter , Gluesenkamp Andrew G. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSubstantial morphological and behavioral shifts often accompany rapid environmental change, yet, little is known about the early stages of cave colonization. Relative to surface streams, caves are extreme environments with perpetual darkness and low nutrient availability. The Mexican tetra (Astyanax mexicanus), has repeatedly colonized caves throughout Mexico, suggesting an ability to adapt to these conditions. Here, we survey for phenotypic and behavioral differences between a surface population and a cave population ofA. mexicanusthat has recently colonized Honey Creek Cave, Comal County, Texas, likely within the last century. We found that fish from Honey Creek Cave and fish from Honey Creek surface populations differ significantly in morphological traits including length, coloration, body condition, eye size, and dorsal fin placement. Cavefish also exhibit an increased number of superficial neuromasts relative to surface fish. Behaviorally, cavefish consume fewer worms when trials are performed in both lighted and darkened conditions. Cavefish are more aggressive than surface fish and exhibit fewer behaviors associated with stress. Further in contrast to surface fish, cavefish prefer the edges to the center of an arena and are qualitatively more likely to investigate a novel object placed in the tank. While cavefish and surface fish were wild-caught and developmental environment likely play a role in shaping these differences, our work demonstrates morphological and behavioral shifts for Texas cavefish and offers an exciting opportunity for future work to explore the genetic and environmental contributions to early cave colonization.
Genetically encoded intrabody sensors illuminate structural and functional diversity in GPCR-β-arrestin complexes
Authors: Baidya Mithu , Kumari Punita , Dwivedi Hemlata , Ghosh Eshan , Sokrat Badr , Sposini Silvia , Pandey Shubhi , Stepniewski Tomek , Selent Jana , Hanyaloglu Aylin C. , Bouvier Michel , Shukla Arun K. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractInteraction of β-arrestins (βarrs) upon agonist-stimulation is a hallmark of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) resulting in receptor desensitization, endocytosis and signaling. Although overall functional roles of βarrs are typically believed to be conserved across different receptors, emerging data now clearly unveils receptor-specific functional contribution of βarrs. The underlying mechanism however remains mostly speculative and represents a key missing link in our current understanding of GPCR signaling and regulatory paradigms. Here, we develop synthetic intrabody-based conformational sensors that help us visualize the assembly and trafficking of GPCR-βarr1 complexes in cellular context for a broad set of receptors with spatio-temporal resolution. Surprisingly, these conformational sensors reveal a previously unappreciated level of diversity in GPCR-βarr complexes that extends beyond the current framework of affinity-based classification and phosphorylation-code-based interaction patterns. More importantly, this conformational diversity arising from spatial signature of phosphorylation sites manifests directly in the form of distinct functional outcomes, including even opposite contribution of βarrs in signal-transduction for different receptors. Taken together, these findings uncover that despite an overall similar interaction and trafficking patterns; critical structural and functional differences exist in βarr complexes for different GPCRs that define and fine-tune receptor-specific downstream responses.