bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gamma knife surgery for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Régis Jean , Bartolomei Fabrice , Rey M. , Hayashi Motohiro , Chauvel Patrick , Peragut Jean-Claude 
Published: February 2019

Object. Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) allows precise and complete destruction of chosen target structures containing healthy and/or pathological cells, without causing significant radiation damage to adjacent tissues. Almost all the well-documented cases of radiosurgery for epilepsy are for epilepsies associated with space-occupying lesions. These results prompted the authors to investigate the use of radiosurgery as a new way of treating epilepsy not associated with space-occupying lesions.
Methods. To evaluate this new method, 25 patients who presented with drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) were selected. A follow up of more than 24 months is now available for 16 patients. The preoperative evaluation was performed as it usually is in patients selected for microsurgery for MTLE. In lieu of microsurgery, the treatment of amygdalohippocampal structures was performed using GKS.
Thirteen (81%) of these 16 patients are seizure free, and two are improved. The median latent interval from GKS to seizure cessation was 10.5 months (range 6–21 months). Two patients were immediately seizure free. The median latency in aura cessation was 15.5 months (range 9–22 months). Morphological changes on magnetic resonance imaging were visible at 11 months (median) after GKS (range 7–22 months). During the onset period of these radiological changes, three patients experienced headache associated, in two cases, with nausea and vomiting. In these three patients the signs resolved immediately after prescription of low doses of steroids. No cases of permanent neurological deficit (except three cases of nonsymptomatic visual field deficit), or morbidity, or mortality were observed.
Conclusions. This initial experience indicates that there is short- to middle-term efficiency and safety when using GKS to treat MTLE. Further long-term follow up is required. It seems that the introduction of GKS into epilepsy treatment can reduce the invasiveness and morbidity.
Gamma knife radiosurgery for idiopathic and secondary trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Chang Jin Woo , Chang Jong Hee , Park Yong Gou , Chung Sang Sup 
Published: February 2019

Object. The aim of this study was to identify pain relief and treatment morbidity following gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) for idiopathic and secondary trigeminal neuralgia.
Methods. Between May 1992 and December 1999, 15 patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia and 38 patients with secondary trigeminal neuralgia were treated with GKS. Pain improvement was achieved in 13 of the patients with idiopathic pain (pain response rate 86.7%). Seven patients were pain free and another six experienced pain reduction. There were no serious complications; however, two patients suffered a mild facial sensory change 8 months and 9 months, respectively, after GKS.
The patients with secondary trigeminal neuralgia were divided into two groups (Group I, 32 patients in whom the trigeminal root entry zone [REZ] near the tumor could not be visualized; and Group II, six patients in whom the trigeminal REZ near the tumor or brainstem lesion could be visualized).
In Group I, the pain subsided completely in eight patients and was reduced in seven (pain response rate 46.9%). In Group II, the pain subsided completely in one patient at 2.8 months and was reduced in three patients at a mean follow up of 0.8 months (range 0.6–1 month) after GKS. The pain response rate was 66.7%.
Conclusions. The authors believe that GKS is an effective treatment modalities for idiopathic and secondary trigeminal neuralgia, particularly in patients with inoperable lesions.
Preliminary experience in the treatment of choroidal melanoma with gamma knife radiosurgery
Authors: Woodburn Robert , Danis Ronald , Timmerman Robert , Witt Thomas , Ciulla Thomas , Worth Robert , Bank Morris , Coffman Sally 
Published: February 2019

Object. The authors report their early results from an ongoing experience treating patients with choroidal melanoma by using gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS).
Methods. Between September 1998 and March 2000, 11 patients were treated for choroidal melanoma. Treatment was facilitated with specialized frame placement. Eye immobilization was accomplished with supra- and infraorbital nerve block and tethering sutures to the periorbital tissue. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed to localize the tumor for treatment planning. Plugging patterns were used to steer fall-off radiation away from the fovea, optic nerve, or lens. Tumor volume, tumor location relative to critical structures, and dose to critical structures were determined using GammaPlan. Tumor response was determined using ultrasonography. Toxicity was determined by clinical assessment, visual acuity testing, and ophthalmoscopy.
All 11 patients successfully completed the treatment. In every case, 40 Gy was prescribed to the 50% isodose, which completely encompassed all visible tumor. Tumor height ranged from 2.9 to 7 mm. The tumor diameter ranged from 6 to 13 mm. The range of follow up was 2 to 19 months. No tumor has progressed. One patient had improvement in vision because of improvement in retinal detachment. Two patients experienced visual decline. One patient's visual decline was due to a vitreous hemorrhage, and the other's was due to hard exudates encroaching on the macula. One patient has developed a dry eye that is managed effectively with topical eye lubricants.
Conclusions. This preliminary experience demonstrates that GKS is a feasible treatment option for small- to medium-sized choroidal melanomas. Longer follow up and additional patients will be required to improve the assessment and the ultimate tumor control and toxicity in this ongoing series.
Initial experience with gamma knife radiosurgery for advanced glaucoma
Authors: Vladyka Vilibald , Liščk Roman , Šubrt Oldřich , Vymazal Jozef , Pilbauer Jiri , Hejduková Iveta , Němec Pavel 
Published: February 2019

Object. The authors assessed the affect of gamma knife radiosurgery on patients with glaucoma.
Methods. Fifteen eyes in 14 patients were treated with gamma knife radiosurgery during a 14-month period. Ocular pain was alleviated in all patients and intraocular pressure was decreased. There were no early side effects.
Conclusions. Further studies are needed to elucidate the best treatment parameters, long-term results, and some of the pathophysiological effects.
Development of a relocatable frame technique for gamma knife radiosurgery
Authors: Walton Lee , Hampshire Anna , Roper Anthony , Mitchell Patrick , Vaughan Paul , Forster David M. C. , Kemeny Andras A. , Radatz Matthias W. R. 
Published: February 2019

Object. One of the limiting factors in gamma knife radiosurgery is the restriction to one treatment imposed by the fixed stereotactic frame. The ability, in selected cases, to remove the frame and replace it on a subsequent occasion in the same location would facilitate fractionated treatments and provide flexibility in the timing of treatment delivery. It is the purpose of this work to investigate techniques for frame fixation and for essential verification of frame position once it has been reapplied.
Methods. A technique is proposed that requires four surgical self-tapping screws to be inserted into the skull. Aluminum pins are inserted through the frame pillars and are tightened against the head of the screws, providing a firm fixation of the frame. Pin lengths are recorded on gauges to ensure reproducibility of the position. In phantom tests, test objects were localized (using the angiographic localizer) before and after each of five frame removal/reapplications to test the reproducibility of frame position. The mean error in the observed target coordinates was 0.3 mm and the maximum error observed was 0.7 mm, indicating that the frame can be reapplied with some confidence.
Repetition of bubble skull measurements has been investigated as a means of verifying that the frame was repositioned correctly; however, reproducibility of patient measurements was found to be poor even when no frame movement had occurred. In contrast, the use of a radiotherapy simulator to obtain repeated lateral and anteroposterior projections of the head was shown to be capable of detecting frame movements of as little as 1 mm.
Conclusions. Using this technique of frame application facilitates the reapplication of the frame with an accuracy of plus or minus 0.7 mm. Bubble measurements are inadequate for the detection of frame movement. Simple techniques in which a radiotherapy simulator is used can verify correct frame placement and indicate frame movements of less than 1 mm.
Stereotactic radiation treatment planning and follow-up studies involving fused multimodality imaging
Authors: Hamm Klaus D. , Surber Gunnar , Schmücking Michael , Wurm Reinhard E. , Aschenbach Rene , Kleinert Gabriele , Niesen A. , Baum Richard P. 
Published: February 2019

Object. Innovative new software solutions may enable image fusion to produce the desired data superposition for precise target definition and follow-up studies in radiosurgery/stereotactic radiotherapy in patients with intracranial lesions. The aim is to integrate the anatomical and functional information completely into the radiation treatment planning and to achieve an exact comparison for follow-up examinations. Special conditions and advantages of BrainLAB's fully automatic image fusion system are evaluated and described for this purpose.
Methods. In 458 patients, the radiation treatment planning and some follow-up studies were performed using an automatic image fusion technique involving the use of different imaging modalities. Each fusion was visually checked and corrected as necessary. The computerized tomography (CT) scans for radiation treatment planning (slice thickness 1.25 mm), as well as stereotactic angiography for arteriovenous malformations, were acquired using head fixation with stereotactic arc or, in the case of stereotactic radiotherapy, with a relocatable stereotactic mask. Different magnetic resonance (MR) imaging sequences (T1, T2, and fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery images) and positron emission tomography (PET) scans were obtained without head fixation. Fusion results and the effects on radiation treatment planning and follow-up studies were analyzed.
The precision level of the results of the automatic fusion depended primarily on the image quality, especially the slice thickness and the field homogeneity when using MR images, as well as on patient movement during data acquisition. Fully automated image fusion of different MR, CT, and PET studies was performed for each patient. Only in a few cases was it necessary to correct the fusion manually after visual evaluation. These corrections were minor and did not materially affect treatment planning. High-quality fusion of thin slices of a region of interest with a complete head data set could be performed easily. The target volume for radiation treatment planning could be accurately delineated using multimodal information provided by CT, MR, angiography, and PET studies. The fusion of follow-up image data sets yielded results that could be successfully compared and quantitatively evaluated.
Conclusions. Depending on the quality of the originally acquired image, automated image fusion can be a very valuable tool, allowing for fast (∼ 1–2 minute) and precise fusion of all relevant data sets. Fused multimodality imaging improves the target volume definition for radiation treatment planning. High-quality follow-up image data sets should be acquired for image fusion to provide exactly comparable slices and volumetric results that will contribute to quality contol.
Functional stereotactic radiosurgery involving a dedicated linear accelerator and gamma unit: a comparison study
Authors: Solberg Timothy D. , Goetsch Steven J. , Selch Michael T. , Melega William , Lacan Goran , DeSalles Antonio A. F. 
Published: February 2019

Object. The purpose of this work was to investigate the targeting and dosimetric characteristics of a linear accelerator (LINAC) system dedicated for stereotactic radiosurgery compared with those of a commercial gamma knife (GK) unit.
Methods. A phantom was rigidly affixed within a Leksell stereotactic frame and axial computerized tomography scans were obtained using an appropriate stereotactic localization device. Treatment plans were performed, film was inserted into a recessed area, and the phantom was positioned and treated according to each treatment plan. In the case of the LINAC system, four 140° arcs, spanning ± 60° of couch rotation, were used. In the case of the GK unit, all 201 sources were left unplugged. Radiation was delivered using 3- and 8-mm LINAC collimators and 4- and 8-mm collimators of the GK unit. Targeting ability was investigated independently on the dedicated LINAC by using a primate model.
Measured 50% spot widths for multisource, single-shot radiation exceeded nominal values in all cases by 38 to 70% for the GK unit and 11 to 33% for the LINAC system. Measured offsets were indicative of submillimeter targeting precision on both devices. In primate studies, the appearance of an magnetic resonance imaging—enhancing lesion coincided with the intended target.
Conclusions. Radiosurgery performed using the 3-mm collimator of the dedicated LINAC exhibited characteristics that compared favorably with those of a dedicated GK unit. Overall targeting accuracy in the submillimeter range can be achieved, and dose distributions with sharp falloff can be expected for both devices.
Dose fractionation in stereotactic radiotherapy for parasellar meningiomas: radiobiological considerations of efficacy and optic nerve tolerance
Authors: Shrieve Dennis C. , Hazard Lisa , Boucher Kenneth , Jensen Randy L. 
Published: February 2019

Object. Benign meningiomas have been shown to be equally well controlled with single-dose radiosurgery (15 Gy) and fractionated doses of 54 Gy in 30 fractions after adequate follow up. For a subset of patients with meningioma, the optic apparatus is dose limiting when considering single-dose stereotactic radiosurgery, with tolerance estimated to be 8 to 10 Gy. Recently, hypofractionated regimens have been used to treat benign meningiomas with a small number of fractions. An analysis of the expected efficacy of hypofractionation compared with the estimated optic tolerance to fractionated radiotherapy was undertaken.
Methods. Using the assumption that 15 Gy in one fraction and 54 Gy in 30 fractions are isoeffective for control of benign meningioma, an α/β for meningioma is calculated to be 3.28 Gy. Invoking a 10% error for these doses (15 Gy ± 10% is equivalent to 54 Gy ± 10%) results in upper and lower limits of the estimate for α/β of 3.85 Gy and 2.7 Gy. Using these estimates, isoeffect curves for control of meningioma were constructed for fraction numbers of one to 45. Best estimates of optic nerve/chiasm tolerance to single doses of radiation are 8 to 10 Gy, with the reported incidence of optic neuropathy increasing significantly at higher doses. This is consistent with the optic ret model, which also predicts for optic tolerance following fractionated radiotherapy. Comparison of optic tolerance and estimates of efficacious doses at fraction numbers between one and 30 were made. Statistical estimates of patient numbers and duration of follow up required to rule out optic neuropathy following radiotherapy were made. Single doses of radiation required to treat benign meningioma optimally (13.5–16.5 Gy) clearly exceed the estimated and reported clinical tolerance of the optic nerves and chiasm. The application of equivalent biological doses in a small number of fractions continues to exceed optic tolerance until at least 25 fractions are applied.
Conclusions. The use of small numbers of fractions to treat patients with meningioma when portions of optic nerve or chiasm receive full dose may result in undertreatment of the tumor and/or exceeding optic nerve tolerance. In such cases standard fractionation is recommended. Ruling out a low, yet unacceptable, risk of optic neuropathy may require the close study of many patients with long-term follow-up evaluation.
Patterns of failure after single-dose radiosurgery for spinal metastasis
Authors: Ryu Samuel , Rock Jack , Rosenblum Mark , Kim Jae Ho 
Published: February 2019

Object. Single-dose radiosurgery for solitary spinal metastases can achieve rapid and durable pain control. This study was conducted to determine the patterns of failure after spinal radiosurgery.
Methods. Forty-nine patients with 61 solitary spinal metastases underwent radiosurgery between May 2001 and May 2003. Single-dose radiosurgery (10–16 Gy) was delivered only to the involved spinal segments. The authors undertook a retrospective review of clinical notes, including patient questionnaires and radiological studies (computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging), to analyze patterns of failure following radiosurgery with regard to the pain and tumor control.
Complete and partial pain relief was achieved in 85% of the lesions treated. Relapse of pain at the treated site was noted in 7%. Radiologically, lesions progressively metastasized to the immediately adjacent spines in 5%. These patients also had progressive primary and/or other systemic metastatic diseases.
Conclusions. Spine-related pain control/reduction was excellent. Tumor recurrence at the treated segment and progression to the immediately adjacent region were rare. The results support the use of spinal radiosurgery as an effective treatment option for solitary spinal metastasis.
ANALISIS KANDUNGAN BORAKS DAN FORMALIN PADA BEBERAPA PEDAGANG BAKSO DI KOTA MATARAM
Authors: Saputrayadi Adi , Asmawati Asmawati , Marianah Marianah , Suwati Suwati 
Published: February 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan ingin mengetahui apakah terdapat kandungan boraks dan formalin pada bakso yang dijual oleh pedagang yang memiliki warung bakso permanen di Kota Mataram melalui uji di Laboratorium Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram. Hasil penelitian dapat menggambarkan penggunaan bahan tambahan pangan berbahaya oleh pedagang bakso yang ada di kota mataram. Lokasi pengambilan sampel penelitian adalah beberapa tempat pedagang bakso di Kota Mataram dengan kriteria pedagang bakso yang menetap bukan pedagang kaki lima dan bukan pedagang keliling. Metode penelitian ini adalah metode eksprimental dengan melakukan uji di laboratorium. Tahapan penelitian terdiri dari: (1) proses pengumpulan sampel dari 12 pedagang bakso di kota mataram, masing-masing kecamatan diwakili 2 pedagang bakso, (2) Uji kandungan boraks dan formalin, (3) analisis sifat organoleptik bakso. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, dari 12 sampel yang dikumpulkan menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada yang mengandung boraks (0%), tetapi 100 % mengandung formalin. Keberadaan formalin pada bakso tidak mempengaruhi sifat kadar air bakso. Pada penilaian terhadap sifat organoleptik bakso terhadap parameter aroma dan rasa menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan formalin tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata, sedangkan untuk parameter warna sampel dengan skor nilai warna terendah pada perlakuan B2 yaitu 1.87 dengan penggunaan formalin pada bakso tersebut sangat tinggi, sedangkan skor nilai warna tertinggi pada perlakuan B3 yaitu 3.67 dengan penggunaan formalin agak sedikit, sehingga dapat diketahui bahwa keberadaan formalin pada pedagang bakso diwilayah kota Mataram berpengaruh terhadap warna bakso. Parameter tekstur sampel dengan skor nilai tekstur terendah pada perlakuan B2 yaitu 2.00 dengan penggunaan formalin sangat tinggi, sedangkan skor nilai tekstur tertinggi pada perlakuan B11 yaitu 3.47 dengan penggunaan formalin agak sedikit. Sehingga dapat diketahui bahwa keberadaan formalin pada pedagang bakso diwilayah kota mataram berpengaruh terhadap tekstur bakso.
SIFAT KIMIA DAN ORGANOLEPTIK BISKUIT PADA BERBAGAI PENAMBAHAN EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH NAGA MERAH
Authors: Rista Eka , Marianah Marianah , Sulastri Yeni 
Published: February 2019

Buah naga merupakan tumbuhan yang banyak memiliki manfaat. Selain daging buahnya, kulit buah naga dapat bermanfaat dalam produksi pangan sebagai pewarna makanan alami, karena kulit buah naga mengandung antioksidan salah satunya adalah antosianin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk mengetahui : 1). pemanfaatan kulit buah naga yang berperan sebagai pewarna pada pembuatan biskuit dalam bentuk ekstrak, 2). Mengetahui pengaruh substitusi ekstrak kulit buah naga merah terhadap beberapa komponen mutu biskuit.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Metode Eksperimental dengan percobaan di Laboratorium. Penelitian ini di rancang dengan menggunakkkan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan perlakuan faktor tunggal yaitu penambahan ekstrak kulit buah naga merah yang terdiri dari 5 taraf perlakuan yaitu T0 (ekstrak kulit buah naga merah 0%, T1(10% ekstrak kulit buah naga merah), (T2 20% ekstrak kulit buah naga merah), (T3 30% ekstrak kulit buah naga merah), dan T4 ( 40% ekstrak kulit buah naga merah). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan ekstrak kulit buah naga merah berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar air, kadar abu, kadar serat dan sifat organoleptik warna, aroma, dan tekstur biskuit, sedangkan rasa tidak berpengaruh secara nyata. Semakin tinggi penambahan ekstrak kulit buah naga merah maka kadar air, kadar abu, dan kadar serat biskuit semakin meningkat. Perlakuan terbaik diperoleh pada perlakuan T4 (penambahan ekstrak kulit buah naga merah 40%) dengan kadar air 9,7%, kadar abu 10,7%, kadar serat kasar 28,7%. Sedangkan sifat organolepti rasa 3,65 (suka), aroma 4,15 (suka), warna 4 (merah), dan tekstur 3,85 (renyah).
PELUANG DAN TANTANGAN PENGEMBANGAN MAKROALGA NON BUDIDAYA SEBAGAI BAHAN PANGAN DI PULAU LOMBOK
Authors: Ghazali Mursal , Nurhayati Nurhayati 
Published: February 2019

Makanan merupakan salah satu dari tiga kebutuhan pokok manusia yang tidak dapat diganti. Salah satu sumber bahan pangan yang belum mendapatkan perhatian yang serius bersumber dari laut seperti rumput laut. Sebagian kecil jenis rumput laut memang telah dikembangkan secara massal tetapi sebagian besar belum mendapat perhatian yang serius. Beberapa jenis makroalga non budidaya sudah dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat Pulau Lombok sudah sejak lama. Oleh sebab itu, artikel ini dibuat bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis rumput laut apa saja yang dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat pesisir Pulau Lombok dan bagaimana peluang serta tantangan pengembangan rumput laut non budidaya sebagai sumber bahan pangan di Pulau Lombok. Berdasarkan wawancara yang telah dilakukan pemanfaatan alga di pulau Lombok lebih banyak pada alga merah yaitu jenis Acanthopora sp, Hypnea sp, Sarcodia sp, dan Halimenia sp. Sementara itu, alga hijau dua jenis yaitu Codium sp dan Caulerpha sp serta satu jenis alga coklat yaitu Sargassum sp. Peluang pengembangan makroalga non budidaya masih sangat tinggi disebabkan karena kandungan nutrisi lengkap, sumber bahan makanan, peluang dijadikan sebagai komoditi ekonomi. Meskipun demikian terdapat kendala dalam pengembangannya yakni paket pengembangan belum memadai, masyarakat belum memahami manfaat rumput laut, isu pencemaran lingkungan, dan beberapa jenis rumput laut sebagai absorban logam berat.