bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of weaning date and late gestation supplementation on beef system productivity I: animal performance1
Authors: Luebbe Kelsey M , Stalker Leslie A , Klopfenstein Terry J , Funston Richard N 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A 4-yr experiment examined how weaning date and prepartum nutrition affected productivity in a spring (March and April) calving system. Crossbred beef cows (479 ± 59 kg, n = 144) were used in a completely randomized design with a 2 × 4 factorial treatment arrangement: 1) cows were weaned in early October or early December; and 2) during late gestation cows were fed on a dry matter basis a 32% crude protein supplement at 0, 0.41, or 0.82 kg/cow/d on dormant upland range or grazed corn residue without supplement. Cow body condition score (BCS) was affected (P ≤ 0.01) by treatment prior to parturition and breeding but was similar (P &gt; 0.27) among all treatments in October. Dams on a higher nutritional plane during winter treatment had greater (P &lt; 0.01) BCS and body weight (BW) prior to parturition and breeding. Subsequent pregnancy rates (88% to 97%) were not influenced (P &gt; 0.76) by weaning date, but tended (P = 0.10) to be lower for cows grazing winter range without supplement. Calves born to dams grazing winter range without supplement had lower (P &lt; 0.01) BW in October and adjusted weaning BW. Pre-breeding BW of heifers weaned in December born to cows grazing winter range without supplement was lower (P &lt; 0.01) than contemporaries born to cows in all other treatment combinations. However, postweaning (0.48 kg/d) and postbreeding (0.42 kg/d) average daily gain, percentage cycling before breeding (33%), and pregnancy rate (81%) was similar (P &gt; 0.12). Within weaning date, steers born to cows grazing winter range without supplement had lower (P &lt; 0.05) hot carcass weight (HCW) than contemporaries born to cows grazing corn residue. Cows weaned in December had decreased BW and BCS but similar pregnancy rates as cows weaned in October. Weaning date and dam maternal nutrition had minimal impact on heifer progeny pregnancy rate. Steer progeny born to dams on a higher nutritional plane had similar HCW at slaughter when adjusted to equal fat thickness.
Agreement With Consensus Statements on End-of-Life Care: A Description of Variability at the Level of the Provider, Hospital, and Country*
Authors: Long Ann C. , Brumback Lyndia C. , Curtis J. Randall , Avidan Alexander , Baras Mario , De Robertis Edoardo , Efferen Linda , Engelberg Ruth A. , Kross Erin K. , Michalsen Andrej , Mularski Richard A. , Sprung Charles L. 
Published: July 2019

Objectives:
To develop an enhanced understanding of factors that influence providers’ views about end-of-life care, we examined the contributions of provider, hospital, and country to variability in agreement with consensus statements about end-of-life care.

Design and Setting:
Data were drawn from a survey of providers’ views on principles of end-of-life care obtained during the consensus process for the Worldwide End-of-Life Practice for Patients in ICUs study.

Subjects:
Participants in Worldwide End-of-Life Practice for Patients in ICUs included physicians, nurses, and other providers. Our sample included 1,068 providers from 178 hospitals and 31 countries.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
We examined views on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and withholding/withdrawing life-sustaining treatments, using a three-level linear mixed model of responses from providers within hospitals within countries. Of 1,068 providers from 178 hospitals and 31 countries, 1% strongly disagreed, 7% disagreed, 11% were neutral, 44% agreed, and 36% strongly agreed with declining to offer cardiopulmonary resuscitation when not indicated. Of the total variability in those responses, 98%, 0%, and 2% were explained by differences among providers, hospitals, and countries, respectively. After accounting for provider characteristics and hospital size, the variance partition was similar. Results were similar for withholding/withdrawing life-sustaining treatments.

Conclusions:
Variability in agreement with consensus statements about end-of-life care is related primarily to differences among providers. Acknowledging the primary source of variability may facilitate efforts to achieve consensus and improve decision-making for critically ill patients and their family members at the end of life.
Checkpoints inhibitors in the (neo)adjuvant setting of solid tumors: lessons learnt and perspectives
Authors: Kotecki Nuria , Awada Ahmad 
Published: July 2019

Purpose of review
The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current development of immuno-oncology in the (neo)adjuvant setting.

Recent findings
Several checkpoint inhibitors (CPis) have been approved for the treatment of advanced solid cancers, mostly for unresectable metastatic setting. Thus, the next logical step is to explore the potential of CPi in earlier stages of the disease.

Summary
There are currently many ongoing trials investigating immunotherapy agents in the early setting in various tumor types, involving various CPis and other innovative immunotherapies, as well as combinations with either chemotherapy or radiotherapy. So far, reported results in melanoma, nonsmall-cell lung cancer, and nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer among others are promising. The neoadjuvant setting offers a high potential for translational research and identification of biomarkers with clinical utility.
Adolescent-Reported Sleep/Wake Patterns in the Relationships Between Inhibitory Control and Internalizing and Externalizing Problems
Authors: Basch Molly C. , Stromberg Sarah E. , Krietsch Kendra , Chardon Marie L. , Reynolds Cheyenne M. , Acharya Ratna , Janicke David M. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Youth with poorer inhibitory control are more likely to experience internalizing and externalizing problems, placing them at risk for poorer psychological, academic, and social functioning. Modifying inhibitory control is challenging; therefore, research is needed to identify alternative targets to reduce internalizing and externalizing problems in youth. Sleep/wake patterns may serve as alternative targets, given their relationships with poorer inhibitory control and greater internalizing and externalizing problems. This study examines the mediating role of sleep/wake patterns in the relationships between youth inhibitory control and internalizing and externalizing problems.

Method:
One hundred fifty-five adolescent (ages 12–15 years) and parent dyads completed the Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Function, Pediatric Symptom Checklist, and Adolescent Sleep-Wake Scale, short version. Bootstrapped mediations examined indirect relationships between inhibitory control and internalizing and externalizing through sleep/wake patterns.

Results:
Analyses revealed that problematic sleep/wake patterns partially mediated the relationship between poorer inhibitory control and greater internalizing, explaining 19% of the variance in internalizing problems. In addition, problematic sleep/wake patterns partially mediated the relationship between poorer inhibitory control and greater externalizing, explaining 58% of the variance in externalizing problems.

Conclusion:
The results suggest that sleep/wake patterns may be a mechanism through which deficits in inhibitory control increase youth risk for internalizing and externalizing problems. Because sleep/wake patterns are frequently modified through adoption of health behaviors conducive to good sleep, assessing for problematic patterns in adolescents who present with internalizing and externalizing problems may offer providers a relatively modifiable target to reduce the emotional and behavioral problems of youth with poorer inhibitory control abilities.
Primary Cutaneous Umbilical Melanoma: The Michigan Experience
Authors: Charles Kristy B. , Chan May P. , Smith Noah R. , Orsini Amy P. , Noh Iris K. , Kozlow Jeffrey H. , Johnson Timothy M. , Cha Kelly B. 
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUNDPrimary cutaneous umbilical melanoma is rare. Thorough information regarding its characteristics and treatment, including use of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) staging, is difficult to obtain. The unique anatomy of the umbilicus adds to the complexity of diagnosing and treating melanoma at this site.OBJECTIVETo improve understanding of diagnosis and treatment of primary cutaneous umbilical melanoma through presenting 7 new cases and reviewing 39 cases in the literature.MATERIALS AND METHODSThe University of Michigan melanoma database query and review of the literature regarding reported cases of primary umbilical melanoma.RESULTSIn 7 new and 39 previously reported cases of primary cutaneous umbilical melanoma, we describe signs and symptoms, histopathologic features, differential diagnosis, relevant anatomical considerations, and definitive treatment including SLNB when applicable.CONCLUSIONOur series, combined with a thorough literature review and compilation of findings, provides a better understanding and appreciation of melanoma in the unique anatomical site of the umbilicus, with a reminder to carefully examine the umbilicus during a full skin examination in patients at risk of melanoma. Primary umbilical melanoma presents and can be appropriately treated similarly to cutaneous melanoma in other sites, with attention to relevant anatomy.
Estimating Hidden Population Sizes with Venue-based Sampling
Authors: Verdery Ashton M. , Weir Sharon , Reynolds Zahra , Mulholland Grace , Edwards Jessie K. 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Researchers use a variety of population size estimation methods to determine the sizes of key populations at elevated risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), an important step in quantifying epidemic impact, advocating for high-risk groups, and planning, implementing, and monitoring prevention, care, and treatment programs. Conventional procedures often use information about sample respondents’ social network contacts to estimate the sizes of key populations of interest. A recent study proposes a generalized network scale-up method that combines two samples—a traditional sample of the general population and a link-tracing sample of the hidden population—and produces more accurate results with fewer assumptions than conventional approaches.

Methods:
We extended the generalized network scale-up method from link-tracing samples to samples collected with venue-based sampling designs popular in sampling key populations at risk of HIV. Our method obviates the need for a traditional sample of the general population, as long as the size of the venue-attending population is approximately known. We tested the venue-based generalized network scale-up method in a comprehensive simulation evaluation framework.

Results:
The venue-based generalized network scale-up method provided accurate and efficient estimates of key population sizes, even when few members of the key population were sampled, yielding average biases below ±6% except when false-positive reporting error is high. It relies on limited assumptions and, in our tests, was robust to numerous threats to inference.

Conclusions:
Key population size estimation is vital to the successful implementation of efforts to combat HIV/AIDS. Venue-based network scale-up approaches offer another tool that researchers and policymakers can apply to these problems.
Sociodemographic Profiles and Clinical Outcomes for Clients on Methadone Maintenance Treatment in a Western Canadian Clinic: Implications for Practice
Authors: Maina Geoffrey , Crizzle Alexander , Maposa Sithokozile , Fournier Bonnie 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Clients on methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) have high attrition rates that are attributed to personal and system-related factors. To develop supportive interventions for these clients, it is imperative to understand social demographic characteristics and challenges that clients in the MMT program face.

Objectives:
This article aims to describe (a) the sociodemographic characteristics and clinical profiles of clients in a MMT program, (b) factors that impact their positive clinical outcomes, and (c) the study's implications for practice.

Methods:
A retrospective review of 101 randomly selected electronic medical records representing one third of all the records were examined for sociodemographic characteristics, clinical profiles, and outcomes. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze these variables. Interviews with 18 healthcare providers focusing on their experiences of caring for clients in the MMT program were analyzed thematically.

Results:
The average age of clients on MMT is 35.5 years. Clients had early exposure to alcohol and drugs, and at the time of enrollment to the program, they presented with complex healthcare needs, borne from chronic use, and exposure to adverse traumatic events. Personal and systemic factors impact clients' recovery. These include poverty, homelessness, and inadequate healthcare services. Understanding sociodemographic characteristics, clinical profiles, and clients' challenges is central to the development of supportive interventions that enhance retention to care and recovery.
Health Care Experiences of Black Transgender Women and Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Salerno John P. , Turpin Rodman , Howard Donna , Dyer Typhanye , Aparicio Elizabeth M. , Boekeloo Bradley O. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Black sexual and gender minorities (SGM) are at greater risk for HIV compared to their White, cisgender, heterosexual counterparts. Linkage to culturally sensitive health care is, therefore, pivotal for HIV prevention and treatment of Black SGM. Unfortunately, social and structural challenges undermine Black SGM individuals' abilities to obtain adequate health care services, indicating a need to understand Black SGM perceptions of health care. To address this gap, we interviewed Black men who have sex with men and transwomen about their experiences with health care providers. Participants discussed needs and concerns, including provider SGM identity diversity and education; assumptions, judgment, stigma, and discrimination; and ability to establish a personal bond, trust, and familiarity. Black SGM indicated that providers often did not meet their needs in different ways regarding their SGM identities. Findings suggest a need for provider cultural sensitivity education programs that address the needs of Black SGM in health care.
Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome: A case study and discussion
Authors: Creedon Eliza S. , Maloy Melony K. , DelloStritto Rita A. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Background and purpose:
Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) was first described in the literature in 2004. The pathophysiology of CHS remains largely unknown. The syndrome is becoming more prevalent in inpatient settings and emergency departments as the legal usage of cannabis proliferates, although it is often not recognized when encountered. While symptoms of CHS are becoming better defined, early recognition and comprehensive treatment plans with reproducible outcomes remain elusive. Symptoms can be further complicated by the presence of chronic conditions or comorbidities. The purpose of this article is to consolidate findings from the literature, identify commonalities in clinical characteristics and pathogenesis, and highlight diagnostic and treatment approaches.

Methods:
Data collection methods include a review of the literature on CHS published in the past 10 years. Case study data were gathered from a patient interview and chart review.

Conclusions and implications for practice:
Through better recognition of CHS, nurse practitioners and other providers can promptly and accurately diagnosis the condition and improve treatment plans for these patients.
Differentiation Between Eosinophilic Otitis Media and Otitis Media Associated With Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis
Authors: Fukuda Atsushi , Morita Shinya , Nakamaru Yuji , Hoshino Kimiko , Fujiwara Keishi , Homma Akihiro 
Published: July 2019

Objective:
To perform comparisons and clarify differences in clinical manifestations between eosinophilic otitis media (EOM) and otitis media associated with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA).

Study Design:
Retrospective case review.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center.

Patients:
Twenty-two ears of 11 patients exhibiting EOM (EOM group) and 20 ears of 12 patients exhibiting otitis media associated with EGPA (EGPA group).

Main Outcome Measures:
Otological manifestations, nasal and paranasal manifestations, incidence of asthma, positivity for serum antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), total serum immunoglobulin (Ig) E level, peripheral blood eosinophil fraction, and hearing outcomes.

Results:
The incidence and age of onset of asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis were comparable between the EOM and EGPA groups. Moreover, otological findings and hearing outcomes at the initial visit were similar in both groups. Computed tomography images of the paranasal sinus showed predominant opacification of the ethmoid sinus in both groups. Although the total serum IgE level was not significantly different, the peripheral blood eosinophil fraction was significantly larger in the EGPA group than in the EOM group (p = 0.0035). Furthermore, the rate of myeloperoxidase–antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) positivity was significantly higher in the EGPA group than in the EOM group (p = 0.019).

Conclusions:
The findings of the present study suggest that the phenotypic characteristics of EOM closely resemble those of otitis media associated with EGPA in early stages before the appearance of vasculitis. Therefore, it is challenging to differentiate the two conditions purely on the basis of otorhinological examinations.
A Comparative Study of a Novel Adhesive Bone Conduction Device and Conventional Treatment Options for Conductive Hearing Loss
Authors: Skarzynski Piotr H. , Ratuszniak Anna , Osinska Kamila , Koziel Magdalena , Krol Bartlomiej , Cywka Katarzyna B. , Skarzynski Henryk 
Published: July 2019

Objective:
To compare the audiological performance with the novel adhesive bone conduction hearing device (ADHEAR) to that with a passive bone conduction (BC) implant and to that with a bone conduction device (BCD) on a softband.

Study Design:
Prospective study in an acute setting, single-subject repeated measure in three situations: unaided, with conventional BCDs (passive implant or on softband), and with the ADHEAR.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center.

Patients:
Ten subjects with conductive hearing loss were evaluated with the ADHEAR. Five of these were users of a passive BC implant (Baha Attract with Baha4); five received a BCD (Baha4) on a softband for test purposes.

Intervention:
Use of non-invasive adhesive bone conduction system for the treatment of conductive hearing loss.

Main Outcome Measures:
Air and bone conduction thresholds, sound field thresholds, word recognition scores in quiet, and speech recognition thresholds in quiet and noise were assessed.

Results:
Users of the passive BC implant received comparable hearing benefit with the ADHEAR. The mean aided thresholds in sound field measurements and speech understanding in quiet and noise were similar, when subjects were evaluated either with the ADHEAR or the passive BC implant. The audiological outcomes for the non-implanted group were also comparable between the ADHEAR and the BCD on softband.

Conclusions:
Based on our initial data, the ADHEAR seems to be a suitable alternative for patients who need a hearing solution for conductive hearing loss but for medical reasons cannot or do not want to undergo surgery for a passive BC implant.
Evaluating the Industry Relationships of Presenting Physicians at the American Neurotological Society Spring Meetings
Authors: Desai Milap H. , Vekaria Darshak M. , McKinnon Brian J. 
Published: July 2019

Objective:
1) Evaluate the accuracy of financial disclosures reporting by research presenters and moderators at the American Neurotology Society Spring meetings between 2014 and 2016. 2) Tabulate the reported monetary value of undisclosed financial relationships. 3) Determine the degree of compliance to the standards put forth by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education.

Study Design:
Cross-sectional analysis.

Setting:
N/A.

Patients:
N/A.

Interventions:
N/A.

Main Outcome Measures:
The number of undisclosed payments, the accuracy of reporting, and the value of undisclosed payments were measured to test the hypothesis.

Results:
At the 2014 American Neurotology Society Spring Meeting, the organizers maintained a median amount of $950 and $6,525.89 for the presenters. 2015 showed a median amount of undisclosed payment of $7,134.74 for organizers and $12,256.46 for presenters. Likewise, 2016 showed a median of $4,165.14 in undisclosed payment for the organizers and $12,031.70 for the presenters.

Conclusions:
It is promising to see improvement in disclosure rates as organizers and presenters are effectively complying with the requirements set by Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education. However, there is a substantial difference in disclosures by the presenters group compared with the organizers. The presenters had more undisclosed financial relationships than the organizers and although, not all undisclosed financial relationships are actual conflict of interest, it is safer and better practice to avoid the potential for undisclosed conflict of interest altogether. Presenters should be encouraged to fully disclose all relationships in the manner that organizers are required to do so.
Effect and safety of LCZ696 in the treatment of hypertension
Authors: Li Qiongqiong , Li Lina , Wang Fanghao , Zhang Wei , Guo Yipeng , Wang Fuzhen , Liu Youxia , Jia Junya , Lin Shan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background:
LCZ696 has been introduced in patients with hypertension in several trials. Here, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the effect and safety of LCZ696 in hypertensive patients.

Methods:
PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched to identify the available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effect and safety of LCZ696 in hypertension patients. The last search date was October 31, 2018.

Results:
Nine RCTs with 6765 subjects were finally included, in which 8 trials compared the effect and safety between LCZ696 and angiotensin receptor antagonists (ARBs). Evidences showed LCZ696, compared with ARBs, achieved a better blood pressure control rate (OR 1.24, 95% CI: 1.14–1.35), specifically, LCZ696 were better at reducing systolic blood pressure [WMD −4.11 mmHg, 95% CI: (−5.13, −3.08) mmHg], diastolic blood pressure [WMD −1.79 mmHg, 95% CI: (−2.22, −1.37) mmHg], mean 24-hour ambulatory systolic blood pressure [WMD −3.24 mmHg, 95% CI: (−4.48, −1.99) mmHg] and mean 24-hour ambulatory diastolic blood pressure [WMD −1.25 mmHg, 95% CI: (−1.81, −0.69) mmHg]. There was no difference in the events of adverse events (risk ratio [RR] 1.01, 95% CI: 0.39–1.09), serious adverse events (RR 0.80, 95% CI: 0.52–1.22) and discontinuation of treatment for any adverse events (RR 0.79, 95% CI: 0.56–1.11) between LCZ696 group and ARB/placebo group, except LCZ696 reduced the rate of headaches (RR 0.69, 95% CI: 0.48-0.99) while increased cough (RR 2.12, 95% CI: 1.11–4.04; P = .02; I

2
= 25%).

Conclusion:
Our finding provides evidence that LCZ 696 was more effective than ARB on blood pressure control and was safe enough in patients with hypertension.