bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global diversity patterns are modulated by temporal fluctuations in primary productivity
Authors: Toszogyova Anna , Storch David 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate the role of seasonal and non‐seasonal productivity fluctuations in global patterns of species richness.LocationWorldwide.Time period2000–2017.Major taxa studiedAmphibians, birds, mammals.MethodsWe analysed time series of monthly variation of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), a surrogate of primary productivity, within c. 100 km × 100 km cells across all continents, estimating the mean, periodic seasonal variation and aperiodic unpredictable fluctuations of the NDVI in these cells. We then explored the relationships between mean NDVI and the components of its temporal variation and evaluated the independent effects of the above‐mentioned variables on species richness in the three vertebrate groups by means of variation partitioning.ResultsThere is a hump‐shaped relationship between mean productivity and variation in productivity, so that temporal variation in productivity is lowest in regions with minimum and maximum values of mean productivity. Although mean productivity is a strong determinant of species richness, both seasonal and non‐seasonal productivity variation significantly affect the species richness of all studied taxa when accounting for mean productivity. However, the direction of these effects differs between regions differing in the mean productivity level. High variation in productivity has a negative effect on species richness in regions with moderate to high productivity levels, whereas species richness is higher in arid regions with high variation in productivity.Main conclusionsSpecies richness is affected by temporal variation in productivity, but these effects differ regionally. In productive areas, high environmental stochasticity may increase population extinction rates, whereas arid regions probably benefit from resource fluctuations that promote species coexistence. Our results indicate that contemporary changes in patterns of temporal resource fluctuations may affect future global patterns of biological diversity on Earth.
Hypomethylation‐activated cancer‐testis gene SPANXC promotes cell metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Xuewei , Ju Sihan , Chen Yao , Qian Qufei , Yan Caiwang , Chen Shuaizhou , Chang Yuting , Xu Yide , Ma Zijian , Zhang Chang , Qin Na , Gu Yayun , Wang Cheng , Zhang Erbao , Hu Zhibin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMany studies have shown that there were similarity between tumorigenesis and gametogenesis. Our previous work found that cancer‐testis (CT) genes could serve as a novel source of candidate of cancer. Here, by analysing The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we characterized a CT gene, SPANXC, which is expressed only in testis. The SPANXC was reactivated in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) tissues. And the expression of SPANXC was associated with prognosis of LUAD. We also found that the activation of SPANXC was due to the promoter hypomethylation of SPANXC. Moreover, SPANXC could modulate cell metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we found that SPANXC could bind to ROCK1, a metastasis‐related gene, and thus SPANXC may regulate cell metastasis partly through interaction with ROCK1 in LUAD. Together, our results demonstrated that the CT expression pattern of SPANXC served as a crucial role in metastasis of LUAD. And these data further corroborated the resemblance between processes of germ cell development and tumorigenesis, including migration and invasion.
Interaction between the tumor microenvironment and resection margin in different gross types of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Cha Sung Whan , Sohn Joon Hyung , Kim Sung Hoon , Kim Yun Tae , Kang Seong Hee , Cho Mee‐Yon , Kim Moon Young , Baik Soon Koo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackground and AimThere is no consensus regarding the safe resection margin in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Several studies reported that different gross types require different resection margins. We investigated the changes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) in different gross types of HCC.MethodsWe selected tumor tissue and normal tissue 1 and 2 cm away from the HCC. We analyzed the expression status of TME genes and the correlation between TME genes and the effective resection margin. We further divided the patients into two groups: group 1 included expanding and vaguely nodular types, whereas group 2 included nodular with perinodular extension, multinodular confluent, and infiltrative types.ResultsGroup 2 showed 27% and 45% 5‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates, respectively. Group 2 was a significant prognostic factor for DFS and OS. In cases with a resection margin of less than 1 cm or more than 2 cm, there were no differences in recurrence and survival rate between the two groups. Group 1 patients who had a resection margin that ranged from 1 to 2 cm showed significantly better DFS and OS rates. β‐Catenin and matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression was significantly decreased and that of E‐cadherin was significantly increased according to the resection margin in group 1.ConclusionsPatients with expanding and vaguely nodular HCC may safely undergo surgical resection with a narrow resection margin, and patients with the other gross types must undergo surgical resection with more than a 2‐cm resection margin because of their TME conditions.
Mechanism of SPRY1 methylation regulating natural aging of skin epidermal cells
Authors: Yang E , Juan Zhao , Hengshu Zhang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the relationship among natural aging of epidermal cells, epigenetics, and SPRY1 methylation mechanism.MethodsImmunohistochemistry, reverse transcription‐PCR (RT‐PCR), and Western blot were used to detect the expression of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and Sprouty1 (SPRY1) in skin epithelial cells from different age groups. An aging model of HaCaT cells was constructed. In HaCaT cells and their aging groups, DNMT1 and SPRY1 expression were detected by RT‐PCR and WB. SPRY1 methylation status in epidermal cells from different age groups and HaCaT cells were detected by Methylation‐Specific PCR (MS‐PCR).ResultsThe expression of DNMT1 and SPRY1 in skin epithelial cells from natural aging groups decreased with age; there was no significant difference in the expression of DNMT1 in HaCaT cells and the different age groups. The expression of SPRY1 in HaCaT cells was lower than it was in the aging groups. The methylation status of SPRY1 gradually decreased as the age of skin epidermal cells increased, while the methylation status of SPRY1 was not different between HaCaT cells and the aging group.ConclusionDNMT1 is involved in the regulation of natural aging of skin epidermal cells but has a nominal role in our induced aging model. SPRY1 is involved in natural aging and induced aging of skin epidermal cells. The regulation of SPRY1 methylation is involved in the natural senescence of skin epidermal cells, while the induced aging of epidermal cells is nominally involved in the mechanism of SPRY1 methylation.
Attention promotes accurate impression formation
Authors: Capozzi Francesca , Human Lauren J. , Ristic Jelena 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveAn ability to form accurate impressions of others is vital for adaptive social behavior in humans. Here, we examined if attending to persons more is associated with greater accuracy in personality impressions.MethodWe asked 42 observers (36 females; mean age = 21 years, age range = 18–28; expected power = 0.96) to form personality impressions of unacquainted individuals (i.e., targets) from video interviews while their attentional behavior was assessed using eye tracking. We examined whether (a) attending more to targets benefited accuracy, (b) attending to specific body parts (e.g., face vs. body) drove this association, and (c) targets' ease of personality readability modulated these effects.ResultsPaying more attention to a target was associated with forming more accurate personality impressions. Attention to the whole person contributed to this effect, with this association occurring independently of targets’ ease of readability.ConclusionsThese findings show that attending more to a person is associated with increased accuracy and thus suggest that attention promotes social adaption by supporting accurate social perception.
Social comparison at school: Can GPA and personality mutually influence each other across time?
Authors: Negru‐Subtirica Oana , Pop Eleonora Ioana , Crocetti Elisabetta , Meeus Wim 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveBeing a student is an important social role youth play during adolescence and how they approach this role has critical implications for their future development. This three‐wave longitudinal study investigated the links between academic achievement (i.e., GPA) and personality traits, through the lens of social comparison mechanisms.MethodPatterns of effects between students' GPA and personality traits were analyzed at group (i.e., comparing rank‐order differences at group‐level; group effects) and individual (i.e., scores are compared to a student's own mean; within‐person effects) levels. A total of 1,151 adolescents (Mage = 16.45 years; 58.7% female) participated in the study.ResultsMost effects we depicted were from GPA to personality traits. At the group‐level, higher GPA fostered students' Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Openness, while Openness reinforced high levels of GPA. At the individual level, GPA was a protective factor against negative affect, as it drove longitudinal decreases in Neuroticism.ConclusionsGPA had a stronger role in personality formation when it reflected students' standing in the school compared to their peers (i.e., group effects) and to a lesser extent when it reflected changes at personal level (i.e., within‐person effects).
Diagnosis of hepatocellular adenoma in men before onset of diabetes in HNF1A‐MODY: Watch out for winkers
Authors: Haring Martijn P. D. , Vriesendorp Titia M. , Klein Wassink‐Ruiter Jolien S. , de Haas Robbert J. , Gouw Annette S. H. , de Meijer Vincent E. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHepatocyte nuclear factor 1A (HNF1A) maturity‐onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a monogenetic, autosomal dominantly inherited form of diabetes. HNF1A‐MODY is associated with HNF1A‐inactivated hepatocellular adenoma (H‐HCA) formation. Hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) are benign liver tumours and related complications are rare but serious: hepatic haemorrhage and malignant transformation. Guidelines recommend resection of all HCA in men and do not take any co‐occurring metabolic disorders into account. We report a family with HCA preceding diabetes mellitus. Male index patient presented with numerous, irresectable HCA. After initial diagnostic and aetiologic uncertainty HNF1A germline mutation c.815G>A (p.Arg272His) was confirmed 8 years later. No HCA‐related complications occurred. His diabetic mother was diagnosed with HCA after severe hepatic haemorrhage years before. HNF1A‐MODY should be considered in (non‐)diabetic (male) patients with H‐HCA. We advocate liver biopsy and, if necessary, genetic analysis to precede any intervention for HCA in males and screening for HCA in HNF1A‐MODY patients.
Using phylogeographic approaches to analyse the dispersal history, velocity and direction of viral lineages — Application to rabies virus spread in Iran
Authors: Dellicour Simon , Troupin Cécile , Jahanbakhsh Fatemeh , Salama Akram , Massoudi Siamak , Moghaddam Madjid K. , Baele Guy , Lemey Philippe , Gholami Alireza , Bourhy Hervé 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRecent years have seen the extensive use of phylogeographic approaches to unveil the dispersal history of virus epidemics. Spatially explicit reconstructions of viral spread represent valuable sources of lineage movement data that can be exploited to investigate the impact of underlying environmental layers on the dispersal of pathogens. Here, we performed phylogeographic inference and applied different post hoc approaches to analyse a new and comprehensive data set of viral genomes to elucidate the dispersal history and dynamics of rabies virus (RABV) in Iran, which have remained largely unknown. We first analysed the association between environmental factors and variations in dispersal velocity among lineages. Second, we present, test and apply a new approach to study the link between environmental conditions and the dispersal direction of lineages. The statistical performance (power of detection, false‐positive rate) of this new method was assessed using simulations. We performed phylogeographic analyses of RABV genomes, allowing us to describe the large diversity of RABV in Iran and to confirm the cocirculation of several clades in the country. Overall, we estimate a relatively high lineage dispersal velocity, similar to previous estimates for dog rabies virus spread in northern Africa. Finally, we highlight a tendency for RABV lineages to spread in accessible areas associated with high human population density. Our analytical workflow illustrates how phylogeographic approaches can be used to investigate the impact of environmental factors on several aspects of viral dispersal dynamics.
Phylogenetic divergence of island biotas: Molecular dates, extinction, and “relict” lineages
Authors: McCulloch Graham A. , Waters Jonathan M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIsland formation is a key driver of biological evolution, and several studies have used geological ages of islands to calibrate rates of DNA change. However, many islands are home to “relict” lineages whose divergence apparently pre‐dates island age. The geologically dynamic New Zealand (NZ) archipelago sits upon the ancient, largely submerged continent Zealandia, and the origin and age of its distinctive biota have long been contentious. While some researchers have interpreted NZ's biota as equivalent to that of a post‐Oligocene island, a recent review of genetic studies identified a sizeable proportion of pre‐Oligocene “relict” lineages, concluding that much of the biota survived an incomplete drowning event. Here, we assemble comparable genetic divergence data sets for two recently formed South Pacific archipelagos (Lord Howe; Chatham Islands) and demonstrate similarly substantial proportions of relict lineages. Similar to the NZ biota, our island reviews provide surprisingly little evidence for major genetic divergence “pulses” associated with island emergence. The dominance of Quaternary divergence estimates in all three biotas may highlight the importance of rapid biological turnover and new arrivals in response to recent climatic and/or geological disturbance and change. We provide a schematic model to help account for discrepancies between expected versus observed divergence‐date distributions for island biotas, incorporating the effects of both molecular dating error and lineage extinction. We conclude that oceanic islands can represent both evolutionary “cradles” and “museums” and that the presence of apparently archaic island lineages does not preclude dispersal origins.
A study to assess a novel automated electrocardiogram technology in screening for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Sabar Muhammad I. , Ara Farhana , Henderson Alice , Ahmed Omar , Potter Christina , John Isaac , Mitchell Andrew R.J. , Yáñez‐Muñoz Rafael J. , Kaba Riyaz A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionAtrial fibrillation is often asymptomatic and un‐diagnosed in the community resulting in an increased risk of heart failure and stroke to those patients. We evaluated the effectiveness, tolerability, and accuracy of a novel six‐channel electrocardiogram digital‐health screening device, the RhythmPad, for the detection of atrial fibrillation.MethodsSeven hundred and fifty‐two participants attending the cardiology department were recruited. Two recordings were taken—a six‐lead electrocardiogram using the RhythmPad device and a standard 12‐lead electrocardiogram. Recorded traces were analyzed by two blinded cardiologists. The computer‐generated automated diagnostic reports from both systems were also compared. Post‐participation feedback was obtained from study participants using a three‐part questionnaire.ResultsThe sensitivity of the six‐lead electrocardiogram compared to the 12‐lead electrocardiogram, analyzed by two blinded cardiologists, for the detection of normal sinus rhythm was 95.9%, with a specificity of 97.2%. The sensitivity for the detection of atrial fibrillation using the six‐lead ECG was 93.4%, with specificity 96.8%. The six‐lead automated diagnostic report had a sensitivity and specificity of 97.5% and 98.6%, respectively, for correctly diagnosing normal sinus rhythm. For the correct diagnosis of atrial fibrillation, the six‐lead automated diagnostic report had a sensitivity and specificity of 95.4% and 98.8%, respectively. A total of 95.4% of participants found RhythmPad to be comfortable, with only 0.5% preferring the 12‐lead ECG device in comparison to six‐lead ECG acquisitions.ConclusionThe RhythmPad digital health device and its automated diagnostic report were highly accurate in detecting atrial fibrillation when compared to a standard 12‐lead electrocardiogram.
How to respond rationally to peer disagreement: The preemption view
Authors: Grundmann Thomas 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this paper, I argue that the two most common views of how to respond rationally to peer disagreement—the Total Evidence View (TEV) and the Equal Weight View (EWV)—are both inadequate for substantial reasons. TEV does not issue the correct intuitive verdicts about a number of hypothetical cases of peer disagreement. The same is true for EWV. In addition, EWV does not give any explanation of what is rationally required of agents on the basis of sufficiently general epistemic principles. I will then argue that there is a genuine alternative to both views—the Preemption View (PV)—that fares substantially better in both respects. I will give an outline and a detailed defense of PV in the paper.
Disinfection of Cariogenic Pathogens in Planktonic Lifestyle, Biofilm and Carious Dentine with Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Wu Minjing , Xu Li , Cai Zhiyu , Huang Shan , Li Yijun , Lei Lishan , Huang Xiaojing 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAntimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been recommended for clinical application. Its antibacterial effect on bacteria remained in dentinal tubule was seldom investigated. Here, we evaluated the antibacterial effects of aPDT on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) in planktonic lifestyle, biofilm and carious dentine. Mono‐species biofilms or dentinal caries formed on human dentine slices or slabs. Bacterial suspension, biofilms and dentine caries were treated with 0.1 mg mL−1 toluidine Blue O followed by irradiation with a light emission diode (λ − 635 ± 10 nm; 500 mW; 31.5 J cm−2; 60 s) and 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX), respectively. Residual bacteria were determined by microbial culture analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). One‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to detect the significance of the variables. Both treatments significantly reduced the number of L. acidophilus in planktonic state, biofilm and carious dentine (P < 0.05). For S. mutans, CHX was only bactericidal against suspension (P < 0.05), while aPDT was effective on both suspension and biofilm (P < 0.05) while not for dentin caries (P > 0.05). Under the experimental conditions assessed, aPDT could be an alternative disinfection method for superficial layer of caries cavity. Its disinfection on bacteria in dentinal tubule of deep layer was deficient.
Identifying the Effect of Public Holidays on Daily Demand for Gas
Authors: Heaps Sarah E. , Farrow Malcolm , Wilson Kevin J. 
Published: September 2019

SummaryTo reduce operational costs and to ensure security of supply, gas distribution networks require accurate forecasts of the demand for gas. Among domestic and commercial customers, demand relates primarily to the weather and patterns of life and work. Public holidays have a pronounced effect which often spreads into neighbouring days. We call this spread the ‘proximity effect’. Traditionally, the days over which the proximity effect is felt are prespecified in fixed windows around each holiday, allowing no uncertainty in their identification. We are motivated by an application to modelling daily gas demand in two large British regions. We introduce a novel model which does not fix the days on which the proximity effect is felt. Our approach uses a four-state, non-homogeneous hidden Markov model, with cyclic dynamics, where the classification of days as public holidays is observed, but the assignment of days as ‘pre-holiday’, ‘post-holiday’ or ‘normal’ days is unknown. The number of days to the preceding and succeeding holidays guide transitions between states. We apply Bayesian inference and illustrate the benefit of our modelling approach. A version of the model is now being used by one of the UK's regional distribution networks.
Family Formation Goals Among Sexual and Gender Minority Individuals in Urban India
Authors: Bowling Jessamyn , Simmons Megan , Dodge Brian , Sundarraman Vikram , Lakshmi Brindaa , Dharuman Sivakumar T. , Herbenick Debby 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSexual and Gender Minority (SGM) individuals’ (nonheterosexual or noncisgender) desires and intentions to form families have been under‐researched. Further, research on family formation among SGM individuals is even more scant in India. Family formation, a significant milestone for many individuals, has important implications for overall health. Using data from interviews (n=25) and focus group discussions (8 participants) with SGM individuals in Bangalore, Chennai, and Kolkata, we explore desires and intentions related to parenting. Pressure to have children was ubiquitous, though participants’ parenting‐related desires varied. Participants considering parenting noted many priorities including their financial stability, relationships with partners, and the legality and legitimacy of their partnerships. Adoption and assisted biological reproduction (e.g., IVF) were the preferred methods of family formation. Experiences and expectations of stigma for themselves and their children shaped participants’ limited control over parenting‐related decisions. However, they exerted agency as they navigated achieving their ideals for family formation.