bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel use of telescoping growth rods in treatment of early onset scoliosis: An in vivo and in vitro study in a porcine model
Authors: Vaudreuil Nicholas , Xue Jingbo , Ramanathan Rahul , Tisherman Robert , Dombrowski Malcolm , Wang Wen‐Jun , Bell Kevin 
Published: September 2018

IntroductionTreatment of early‐onset scoliosis (EOS) can be difficult. Various forms of growing rods exist to correct deformity while delaying definitive spinal fusion. The disadvantage of traditional growing rods is need for repeated surgical lengthening procedures. Telescoping growth rods (TelGR) are a prototype new, guided growth technology with a rod mechanism that allows spontaneous longitudinal growth over time without manual lengthening. We hypothesized that the TelGR system will permit unrestricted growth with limited complications through 12 weeks in vivo, and that the range of motion (RoM) in each of three directions and stiffness of the TelGR system would not be significantly different than the rigid rod system in vitro.Materials and Methods
In vivo: Six immature pigs were surgically implanted with TelGR with cephalad fixation at T6‐7 and caudal fixation at T14‐L1. Radiographs of the involved vertebral segments were measured postoperatively and after 12 weeks.
In vitro: A robotic testing system was utilized for flexibility tests in flexion‐extension (FE), lateral bending (LB), and axial rotation (AR) of eight immature porcine specimens (T3‐T15). Testing was performed on both dual rigid rods and bilateral TelGR with instrumentation at T4‐5 and T13‐14.Results
In vivo: Over the 12‐week period, the rod length of the TelGR increased an average of 65 mm.
In vitro: TelGR demonstrated significantly increased motion in LB and AR RoM compared with rigid rods. No difference was noted in FE RoM.DiscussionThe in vivo results in this study showed expected skeletal growth with spines instrumented with TelGR. In vitro findings of increased RoM in AR and LB suggest that the TelGR system may be less rigid than traditional growing rods. Treatment with TelGR might, if proven efficacious in the clinical setting, decrease the need for repeated surgical intervention compared with traditional growing rods. This study adds to the limited body of biomechanical evidence examining guided growth technology.
The Reliability of Suprapatellar Transverse Sonographic Assessment of Femoral Trochlear Cartilage Thickness in Healthy Adults
Authors: Roberts Harry M. , Moore Jonathan P. , Thom Jeanette M. 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesTo determine the intrasession reliability of femoral cartilage thickness measurements using sonography and extend the pool of normative data for cartilage thickness measurements assessed by sonography.MethodsA total of 77 healthy participants (55 men, 22 women), with an average age of 43 ± 18 (mean ± standard deviation) years, volunteered. Resting suprapatellar sonography was used to image trochlear cartilage thickness on 2 separate occasions a maximum of 7 days apart. Reliability was evaluated with intraclass correlation coefficients, Bland‐Altman analysis, standard error of measurement, and the smallest real difference. Normative data was assessed using linear, multiple regression models and independent group t tests.ResultsThe test‐retest level of agreement at all locations was high (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.779–0.843), which increased to high–very high in young adults (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.884–0.920). The standard error of measurement was 8.2% to 8.3% at all locations and reduced further to 5.4% to 6.3% in younger adults. The smallest real difference was between 22.8% and 23.1% for the full sample and 14.9% and 17.5% in young adults only. Multiple regression analyses demonstrated that age, weight, female sex, and a high physical activity frequency could significantly predict cartilage thickness at all locations (P < .05); however, female sex was the only significant independent predictor in all models (all P < .01). Females also had thinner cartilage at all locations (P < .01).ConclusionSuprapatellar sonography demonstrates high intratester reliability and measurement precision and is a promising method to assess trochlear cartilage thickness. Being female may impact femoral cartilage thickness more than other potential risk factors for knee osteoarthritis such as age, weight, and high physical activity frequency.
Congenital Lobar Overinflation: A Rare Enigmatic Lung Lesion on Prenatal Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Oliver Edward R. , DeBari Suzanne E. , Horii Steven C. , Pogoriler Jennifer E. , Victoria Teresa , Khalek Nahla , Howell Lori J. , Adzick N. Scott , Coleman Beverly G. 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesTo report the ultrasound (US) features in prenatal cases of suspected congenital pulmonary airway malformation or unspecified lung lesions with a final surgical pathologic diagnosis of congenital lobar overinflation (CLO).MethodsInstitutional Review Board–approved radiology and clinical database searches from 2001 to 2017 were performed for prenatally diagnosed lung lesions with a final diagnosis of CLO. All patients had detailed US examinations in addition to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Size, echotexture, and vascularity were assessed with US, and the signal and vascularity were assessed with MRI. Follow‐up prenatal US scans, postnatal imaging, and postnatal outcomes were reviewed.ResultsThe study population consisted of 12 patients. The median gestational age was 23.3 weeks. The median congenital pulmonary airway malformation volume‐to‐head circumference ratio was 0.66. Lesion locations were 6 in the lower lobes (4 right and 2 left), 5 in the upper lobes (3 left and 2 right), and 1 in the right middle lobe. The texture was homogeneously echogenic relative to the normal lung in 100% with no visualized macrocysts. Hypervascularity by color Doppler US was observed in 5 cases (41.7%). A T2 hyperintense lung lesion was identified by MRI in 12 of 12 cases (100%), with elongated vessels identified in 11 of 12 cases (91.7%). All 12 cases had pathologically proven CLO.ConclusionsCongenital lobar overinflation should be considered in cases of prenatal echogenic lung lesions without macrocysts or classic findings of bronchial atresia. Hypervascularity may be an important imaging feature of a subset of CLO. Most cases become less conspicuous, decrease in size without overt hydrops, and are asymptomatic postnatally.
Influence of preoperative voice assessment on treatment plan prior to airway surgery
Authors: Bergeron Mathieu , Kelchner Lisa , Weinrich Barbara , Brehm Susan Baker , Zacharias Stephanie , Myer Charles , Alarcon Alessandro de 
Published: September 2018

Objectives/HypothesisVoice quality has emerged as an additional long‐term outcome measure for patients with a history of airway surgery. The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of preoperative voice assessment on the surgical management of patients who required complex airway surgery.Study DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsWe analyzed clinical data for all patients who underwent an airway reconstruction procedure from September 1, 2012 to September 1, 2017 and had a voice clinic evaluation prior to surgery at a tertiary‐care pediatric hospital. Each participant underwent a full clinical voice evaluation that yielded acoustic, imaging, perceptual, and handicapping index data.ResultsSix hundred forty‐three patients underwent 831 airway surgeries (laryngotracheoplasty, cricotracheal resection, slide tracheoplasty, laryngeal cleft repair). Ninety‐one (14.2%) of the 643 patients underwent a formal voice clinic evaluation prior to airway surgery; 39/91 (42.9%) were female. The mean age was 10.4 years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.2‐11.6) with 31/91 (32.9%) participants demonstrating vocal fold immobility and 33/91 (36.3%) vocal fold hypomobility. A voice clinic evaluation provided new information for 62/91 (68.1%) patients, mainly for laryngeal dynamic components (vocal fold motion, source of phonation, arytenoid prolapse) and confirmed suspected disorders for the remaining patients. The average baseline Pediatric Voice Handicap Index overall score was 38.9 (95% CI: 33.3‐44.5), and the average overall severity rating of the Consensus Auditory‐Perceptual Evaluation of Voice was 54 (95% CI: 45.2‐62.8). A voice clinic evaluation influenced management of 56/91 (61.5%) patients either by modification of the surgical plan (26/56, 46%) and/or adjusting voice therapy (21/56, 37.5%).ConclusionsVoice evaluation prior to airway reconstruction provided key information that influenced the management for most of the patients. Formal voice evaluation should be considered prior to complex airway surgery.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 128:2858–2863, 2018
Laser Soldering of Cartilage Graft Interposed Into a Tracheal Incision in a Porcine Model
Authors: Yafit Daniel , Basov Svetlana , Katzir Abraham , Fliss Dan , DeRowe Ari 
Published: September 2018

Objectives/HypothesisInvestigate the feasibility of soldering a free cartilage graft into a tracheal defect by laser heating and assessing the resulting burst pressure and thermal damage to the cartilage.Study DesignAnimal study.MethodsA 20 × 8 mm defect was created in fresh cadaveric pig tracheas, a cartilage graft of the same size was harvested from the thyroid ala cartilage, and the graft was fitted into the defect. The soldering process involved covering the edges with liquid albumin and using a fiber‐laser system for heating the edges to temperature T under temperature control. This was done for groups of grafts at various temperatures T = 60°C to 90°C. The tracheas were sealed, for each group the burst pressure was measured, and a histologic examination of the soldered incisions was performed.ResultsThe burst pressures were in the range of 66 to 409 mm Hg. The median burst pressure was 78, 157, 231, and 146 mm Hg, respectively, for T = 60°C, 70°C, 80°C, and 90°C. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in burst pressures between the T = 60°C group and the T = 80°C and T = 90°C groups (P < .05). The highest burst pressure was measured in the T = 80°C group. Histologic examination revealed no thermal damage to the cartilage at this temperature.ConclusionsPerforming a sutureless laser soldering of a free cartilage graft to a tracheal defect, achieving an immediate watertight bond, is feasible. At T = 80°C the highest burst pressures were achieved. No histologic damage was observed. In vivo studies are needed before implementation of this technique in laryngotracheopasty.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 129:58–62, 2019
Plasma Unesterified Fatty‐Acid Profile Is Dramatically and Acutely Changed under Ischemic Stroke in the Mouse Model
Authors: Golovko Svetlana A. , Golovko Mikhail Y. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAlthough plasma biomarkers would facilitate rapid and accurate diagnosis of ischemic stroke for immediate treatment, no such biomarkers have been developed to date. In the present study, we tested our hypothesis that plasma unesterified fatty acids (FFA) are altered at early stages of acute ischemic stroke. Plasma was collected from mice 2 h after the permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAo) onset, as well as from sham operated and control animals. After 2 h, pMCAo significantly changed the plasma FFA profile with the most dramatic 2‐ to 3‐fold relative increase in very long n‐3 and n‐6 FFA including 20:4n‐6, 22:4n‐6, 22:5n‐6, and 22:6n‐3. Changes in the plasma FFA profile are consistent with FFA liberation from brain phospholipid hydrolyzed under ischemic insult. These results identify, for the first time, the plasma FFA profile as a potential biomarker for an early ischemic stroke within the therapeutic window for thrombolytic treatment. Further studies are required to confirm its specificity and sensitivity in clinical settings.
Long‐Chain Hyperbranched Polymers: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications
Authors: Mu Bin , Liu Tingting , Tian Wei 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBy combining the virtues of conventional linear and hyperbranched polymers, long‐chain hyperbranched polymers (LCHBPs) have attracted great attention. Therefore, a comprehensive summary of the research progress of LCHBPs is presented, with a particular focus on their synthetic strategies, unique properties, and potential applications. The synthetic methodologies are rationalized into four main classes according to their construction process or mechanism, namely ABx (x ≥ 2), A2 + Bx (x ≥ 3), AB + ABx (x ≥ 2), and self‐condensing vinyl polymerization. Some of their rheological properties, self‐assembly behavior, and stimuli‐response features are then discussed. Finally, the emergent applications including biomedicine, electrical conductivity, chemical sensing, and catalyst carrier, are outlined. It is anticipated that this review will stimulate more inspiration for advancing the development of this novel kind of LCHBP.
High‐production dairy cattle exhibit different rumen and fecal bacterial community and rumen metabolite profile than low‐production cattle
Authors: Mu Yingyu , Lin Xueyan , Wang Zhonghua , Hou Qiuling , Wang Yun , Hu Zhiyong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOur aim was to simultaneously investigate the gut bacteria typical characteristic and conduct rumen metabolites profiling of high production dairy cows when compared to low‐production dairy cows. The bacterial differences in rumen fluid and feces were identified by 16S rDNA gene sequencing. The metabolite differences were identified by metabolomics profiling with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC‐MS). The results indicated that the high‐production dairy cows presented a lower rumen bacterial richness and species evenness when compared to low‐production dairy cows. At the phylum level, the high‐production cows increased the abundance of Proteobacteria and decreased the abundance of Bacteroidetes, SR1, Verrucomicrobia, Euryarchaeota, Planctomycetes, Synergistetes, and Chloroflexi significantly (p < 0.05). At the genus level, the rumen fluid of the high‐production group was significantly enriched for Butyrivibrio, Lachnospira, and Dialister (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, rumen fluid of high‐production group was depleted for Prevotella, Succiniclasticum, Ruminococcu, Coprococcus,YRC22, CF231, 02d06, Anaeroplasma, Selenomonas, and Ruminobacter significantly (p < 0.05). A total of 92 discriminant metabolites were identified between high‐production cows and low‐production cows. Compared to rumen fluid of low‐production dairy cows, 10 differential metabolites were found up‐regulated in rumen fluid of high‐production dairy cows, including 6alpha‐Fluoropregn‐4‐ene‐3,20‐dione, 3‐Octaprenyl‐4‐hydroxybenzoate, disopyramide, compound III(S), 1,2‐Dimyristyl‐sn‐glycerol, 7,10,13,16‐Docosatetraenoic acid, ferrous lactate, 6‐Deoxyerythronolide B, vitamin D2, L‐Olivosyl‐oleandolide. The remaining differential metabolites were found down‐regulated obviously in high‐production cows. Metabolic pathway analyses indicated that most increased abundances of rumen fluid metabolites of high‐yield cows were related to metabolic pathways involving biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, steroid biosynthesis, ubiquinone and other terpenoid‐quinone biosynthesis. Most down‐regulated metabolic pathways were relevant to nucleotide metabolism, energy metabolism, lipid metabolism and biosynthesis of some antibiotics.
A Call to Action for Optimizing the Electronic Health Record in the Parenteral Nutrition Workflow: Executive Summary
Authors: Vanek Vincent W. , Ayers Phil , Kraft Michael , Bouche Jean M. , Do Van T. , Durham Charles W. , Guenter Peggi , Hoggle Lindsey , Kent Sue , Lin Emily T. , Molinar L. Steven , Plogsted Steven W. , Poehls Jessica M. , Turner Peggy , Van Way Charles ,   American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, American Society of Health‐System Pharmacists
Published: September 2018

AbstractParenteral nutrition (PN) is a complex therapeutic modality provided to neonates, children, and adults for various indications. Surveys have shown that current electronic health record (EHR) systems are in need of functionality enhancement for safe and optimal delivery of PN. This is a consensus statement from the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, and the American Society of Health‐System Pharmacists outlining some of the key challenges to prescribing, order review/verification, compounding, and administration of PN using EHRs today and is a call to action for clinicians and vendors to optimize their EHRs regarding the PN build and workflow.
Tumor suppressive function of E2F‐1 on PTEN‐induced serrated colorectal carcinogenesis
Authors: Dosil Maria A , Navaridas Raúl , Mirantes Cristina , Tarragona Jordi , Eritja Núria , Felip Isidre , Urdanibia Izaskun , Megino Cristina , Domingo Mónica , Santacana Maria , Gatius Sònia , Piñol Carme , Barceló Carla , Maiques Oscar , Macià Anna , Velasco Ana , Vaquero Marta , Matias‐Guiu Xavier , Dolcet Xavier 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMany human cancers present Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) deficiency and between 20 and 30% of colorectal tumors show PTEN loss. The transcription factor, E2 promoter binding factor 1 (E2F‐1), exhibits tumor promoter or suppressive functions depending on cellular type and tissue context, but its role in the progression and development of colorectal carcinogenesis was largely unknown. Here, using a tamoxifen‐inducible PTEN knockout mouse model, we have demonstrated that loss of PTEN leads to the development of colorectal tumorigenesis through the serrated pathway. Next, we studied PTEN loss‐driven colorectal lesions in the context of E2F‐1 deficiency in vivo. Our results revealed that monoallelic and biallelic absence of E2F‐1 led to an increased incidence and progression of serrated tumorigenesis induced by PTEN loss. Finally, we investigated the mechanisms by which double PTEN/E2F‐1 deficiency leads to enhanced tumorigenesis. We found that colorectal tumors from PTEN/E2F‐1 double knockout mice and the human colorectal carcinoma cell line HT29 with shRNA‐mediated downregulation of PTEN and E2F‐1 exhibit hyperactivation of the RAS‐MAPK pathway, accumulation of DNA damage and resistance to apoptosis. To date, this is the first preclinical study evaluating the effect of genetic deletion of E2F‐1 in colorectal malignancies driven by PTEN deficiency. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of long‐term outcomes for pediatric patients with epithelioid hemangioma
Authors: Liu Kevin X. , Duggan Eileen M. , Al‐Ibraheemi Alyaa , Shaikh Raja , Adams Denise M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEpithelioid hemangioma (EH) is a rare benign vascular tumor that occurs in soft tissues and bone and presents between the third and sixth decades of life. Little is known about the clinical course and outcomes of pediatric EH. We report 11 patients diagnosed with EH at a median age of 14.4 years. One patient treated with interferon and one with sirolimus exhibited partial response for >2 years. Although a benign neoplasm, EH is difficult to manage without standard protocols and portends considerable morbidity. Our findings suggest medical management, particularly sirolimus, may benefit these patients; however, long‐term follow‐up is needed.
Central diabetes insipidus in pediatric patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis: Results from the JLSG‐96/02 studies
Authors: Sakamoto Kenichi , Morimoto Akira , Shioda Yoko , Imamura Toshihiko , Imashuku Shinsaku ,   on behalf of the Japan LCH Study Group (JLSG)
Published: September 2018

AbstractPurposeWe analyzed central diabetes insipidus (CDI) development in pediatric patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) treated according to the Japan LCH Study Group (JLSG) regimen, which is the combination chemotherapy including cytarabine (Ara‐C).MethodsRetrospective data from 317 patients (multisystem disease (MS), n = 206; multiple focal bone (MFB), n = 111) treated according to the JLSG‐96/02 regimens were analyzed.ResultsThe median follow‐up duration was 10.6 years (range, 0.1–21.1). A total of 50/317 (15.8%) patients developed CDI (MFB, n = 4; MS, n = 46). Of the 50 cases, CDI was already present at the time of LCH diagnosis (pre‐CDI) in 25, and it newly developed after the diagnosis and initiation of treatment (post‐CDI) in the other 25 cases. The cumulative incidence of post‐CDI at 10‐year calculated by Kaplan–Meier analysis was 9.0% for total and 12.0% for MS patients. A positive correlation with LCH lesions at the CNS risk sites at diagnosis was found in pre‐CDI cases (17/164 vs 8/171; P = 0.0359), but not in post‐CDI cases (14/129 vs 11/163; P = 0.254). Multivariate analysis showed that relapse at the CNS risk sites was significantly associated with post‐CDI development (hazard ratio: 4.70; 95% CI, 1.29–17.1, P < 0.05).ConclusionsIn the JLSG‐96/02 studies, CDI developed in 15.8% of the cohort in which half as pre‐ and the other half as post‐CDI. Relapse, particularly at the CNS risk sites, was linked with the development of post‐CDI.
Designing the next generation of cryoprotectants – From proteins to small molecules
Authors: Ampaw Anna , Charlton Thomas A. , Briard Jennie G. , Ben Robert N. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDuring the past decade, there have been many exciting advances in the fields of cellular therapies, regenerative medicine, and tissue engineering. However, current cryopreservation strategies and protocols result in inferior product after thawing. Thus, novel cryoprotectants and protocols capable of meeting the high‐quality product(s) necessary for these therapies are urgently required. The search for new and improved cryoprotectants has been ongoing but novel small molecule ice recrystallization inhibitors, originally developed from naturally occurring antifreeze proteins, have demonstrated tremendous promise and will play a significant role in fully translating cellular and regenerative therapies into the clinical environment.
Effects of Chain Ends on Thermal and Mechanical Properties and Recyclability of Poly(γ‐butyrolactone)
Authors: Tang Jing , Chen Eugene Y.‐X. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTThis work investigates effects of poly(γ‐butyrolactone) (PγBL) with different initiation and termination chain ends on five types of materials properties, including thermal stability, thermal transitions, thermal recyclability, hydrolytic degradation, and dynamic mechanical behavior. Four different chain‐end‐capped polymers with similar molecular weights, BnO‐[C(=O)(CH2)3O]n‐R, R = C(=O)Me, C(=O)CH=CH2, C(=O)Ph, and SiMe2CMe3, along with a series of uncapped polymers R′O‐[C(=O)(CH2)3O]n‐H (R′ = Bn, Ph2CHCH2) with Mn ranging from low (4.95 kg mol−1) to high (83.2 kg mol−1), have been synthesized. The termination chain end R showed a large effect on polymer decomposition temperature and hydrolytic degradation, relative to H. Overall, for those properties sensitive to the chain ends, chain‐end capping renders R‐protected linear PγBL behaving much like cyclic PγBL. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 2271–2279