bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engineering the metabolic pathways of lipid biosynthesis to develop robust microalgal strains for biodiesel production
Authors: Shahid Ayesha , Rehman Abd ur , Usman Muhammad , Ashraf Muhammad Umer Farooq , Javed Muhammad Rizwan , Khan Aqib Zafar , Gill Saba Shahid , Mehmood Muhammad Aamer 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAlgal lipids have shown promising feedstock to produce biodiesel due to higher energy content, higher cetane number, and renewable nature. However, at present, the lipid productivity is too low to meet the commercial needs. Various approaches can be employed to enhance the lipid content and lipid productivity in microalgae. Stress manipulation is an attractive option to modify the algal lipid content, but it faces the drawback of time‐consuming production processing and lack of information about molecular mechanisms related to triacylglycerides production in response to stress. Developing the robust hyper lipid accumulating algal strains has gained momentum due to advances in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology tools. Understanding the molecular basis of lipid biosynthesis followed by reorienting the related pathways through genomic modification is an alluring strategy that is believed to achieve the industrial and economic robustness. This review portrays the use of integrated OMIC approaches to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of strain adaptability in response to stress conditions, and identification of molecular pathways that should become novel targets to develop novel algal strains. Moreover, an update on the metabolic engineering approaches to improve the lipid production in microalgae is also provided.
Phosphorylated abacavir analogue (ABC‐1) has ameliorative action against Newcastle disease virus induced pathogenesis in chicken
Authors: Suresh K. A. , Venkata Subbaiah K. C. , Thirunavukkarasu C. , Chennakesavulu S. , Rachamallu A. , Chamarti Naga Raju , Wudayagiri Rajendra , Valluru Lokanatha 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNewcastle disease virus (NDV) causes huge economic loss to the poultry industry due to high mortality and morbidity. The present study aimed to assess the protective role of novel phosphorylated analogue ABC‐1 in vivo in NDV‐infected chickens through the inhibition of fusion protein. Both NDV‐induced oxidative damage and protective role of novel phosphorylated ABC‐1 were evaluated in vital organs such as the liver and lung of chickens. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results showed that protein oxidation and nitration levels were significantly raised in NDV‐infected tissues compared to healthy controls, whereas these levels were reduced significantly (P < 0.05) in birds treated with phosphorylated compounds compared to the NDV‐infected group alone. Additional investigation with double immunofluorescence showed that the large amount of immuno colocalization and Western blot analysis also confirmed this observation through its band pattern in NDV‐infected birds compared to healthy birds, whereas these alterations were reduced in treatment with novel phosphorylated ABC‐1. The expression of fusion glycoprotein was studied by immuno colocalization, PCR, and flow cytometry, and results demonstrated that the novel phosphorylated analogues reduced the expression of fusion glycoprotein. These results put forth that novel phosphorylated ABC‐1 protects chickens from NDV‐induced pathogenesis, protein oxidation/nitration, and exerts potent antiviral activity.
Recent Advances in 4D Bioprinting
Authors: Yang Qingzhen , Gao Bin , Xu Feng 
Published: September 2019

Abstract4D bioprinting has emerged as a powerful technique where the fourth dimension “time” is incorporated with 3D bioprinting. In this technique, the printed bioconstructs are able to change their shapes or functionalities when triggered by either internal or external stimuli. In 4D bioprinting, the materials with/without cells enable the spatial–temporal control of the shape and/or functionality of the constructs. Using this method, researchers have printed bioconstructs that can transform into rather complex structures which are difficult to obtain directly by 3D bioprinting or other methods. Although the history of 4D bioprinting is short, rapid progress in this field is witnessed recently, with focus mainly on developing novel 4D printable materials, exploring novel methods to precisely control the process, and pursuing biomedical applications. To better understand this technique, the recent advances of 4D bioprinting, including the mechanism, structure design principles, applications in biomedical engineering, and also the facing challenges are reviewed.
ToxNav germline genetic testing and PROMinet digital mobile application toxicity monitoring: Results of a prospective single‐center clinical utility study—PRECISE study
Authors: Lee Lennard Y. W. , Starkey Thomas , Sivakumar Shivan , Fotheringham Susan , Mozolowski Guy , Shearwood Vanessa , Palles Claire , Camilleri Philip , Church David , Kerr Rachel , Kerr David 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionIn this study (PRECISE), we assess the clinical utility of a germline DNA sequencing‐based test (ToxNav) for mutations in DPYD and ENOSF1 genes to alter clinician‐prescribed fluoropyrimidine doses and the use of a digital application (PROMinet) to record patient‐reported chemotherapy toxicity.Materials and methodsAdult patients with a histological diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) who consented to fluoropyrimidine‐based chemotherapy were recruited prospectively and given a digital application to monitor and record associated toxicities. Patient samples were analyzed for 18 germline coding variants in DPYD and 1 ENOSF1 variant.ResultsGenetic testing was performed for 60 patients and identified one patient at increased risk of fluoropyrimidine‐based toxicities. Uptake of genetic testing was high and results were available on average 17 days from initial clinical encounter. Patient‐reported chemotherapy toxicity identified differences in 5‐fluorouracil vs capecitabine regime profiles and identified profiles associated with subsequent need for chemotherapy dose reduction and hospital admission.DiscussionThe PRECISE clinical trial demonstrated that a germline DNA sequencing‐based test can provide clinically relevant information to alter clinicians' fluoropyrimidine prescription. The study also obtained high volume, high granularity patient‐reported toxicity data that might allow the improvement and personalization of chemotherapy management.
DOK6 promoter methylation serves as a potential biomarker affecting prognosis in de novo acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Sun Guo‐Kang , Tang Li‐Juan , Zhou Jing‐Dong , Xu Zi‐Jun , Yang Lan , Yuan Qian , Ma Ji‐Chun , Liu Xing‐Hui , Lin Jiang , Qian Jun , Yao Dong‐Ming 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundDownstream of tyrosine kinase 6 (DOK6), which is specifically expressed in the nervous system, was previously recognized as an adapter only in neurite outgrowth. Recent studies also demonstrated the potential role of DOK6 in solid tumors such as gastric cancer and breast cancer. However, previous studies of DOK6 have not dealt with its roles in myeloid malignancies. Herein, we verified the promoter methylation status of DOK6 and further explored its clinical implication in de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML).MethodsA total of 100 newly diagnosed adult AML patients were involved in the current study. DOK6 expression and methylation were detected by real‐time qPCR and methylation‐specific PCR (MSP), respectively. Bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP) was performed to assess the methylation density of the DOK6 promoter.ResultsDownstream of tyrosine kinase 6 promoter methylation was significantly increased in AML patients compared to controls (P = .037), whereas DOK6 expression significantly decreased in AML patients (P < .001). The expression of DOK6 was markedly up‐regulated after treated by 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine (5‐aza‐dC) in THP‐1 cell lines. The methylation status of the DOK6 promoter was associated with French‐American‐British classifications (P = .037). There was no significant correlation existed between DOK6 expression and its promoter methylation (R = .077, P = .635). Interestingly, of whole‐AML and non‐APL AML patients, both have a tendency pertaining to the DOK6 methylation group and a significantly longer overall survival (OS) than the DOK6 unmethylation group (P = .042 and .036, respectively).ConclusionOur study suggested that DOK6 promoter hypermethylation was a common molecular event in de novo AML patients. Remarkably, DOK6 promoter methylation could serve as an independent and integrated prognostic biomarker not only in non‐APL AML patients but also in AML patients who are less than 60 years old.
The Nature of Child Sexual Abuse among Boys and Girls Attending Saint Mary's Sexual Assault Referral Centre in Greater Manchester
Authors: Majeed‐Ariss Rabiya , Karsna Kairika , White Catherine 
Published: September 2019

This study set out to answer the research question: ‘What are the similarities and differences in the nature of abuse, patterns of disclosure and characteristics of the perpetrator between boys and girls attending a sexual assault referral centre (SARC) for a forensic medical examination?' Retrospective data collection was undertaken from paper case files of 986 service users (142 boys, 844 girls) who attended Saint Mary's SARC for a forensic medical examination (April 2012–March 2015). Demographic data as well as information on the context of the abuse were coded into a standardised digital format. Cross‐tabulation and Pearson's chi‐squared tests were performed to compare the abuse experienced and how abuse was disclosed by children of different genders and ages. Older children accounted for 20 per cent of the boys and 56 per cent of the girls. A higher proportion of girls attended the SARC after a single abusive episode; the abuse of boys was more frequently reported by a parental figure; and boys' abuse was reported later. Younger children were more likely to be abused in the family environment. Younger girls were more likely to experience abuse by a single perpetrator, whereas all boys reported multiple perpetrators. These findings suggest that the relationship between child sexual abuse (CSA) and gender is a complicated and nuanced one.‘What are the similarities and differences in the nature of abuse, patterns of disclosure and characteristics of the perpetrator between boys and girls attending a sexual assault referral centre (SARC) for a forensic medical examination?'Key Practitioner Messages

Some gender differences in CSA may be due to professionals' perceptions. It is important to remain mindful that boys may present differently to girls.
Care should be taken when interpreting these results. The majority of CSA is not disclosed nor identified. Where it is, few children receive a forensic medical examination. Practitioners need to be alert to this to safeguard children adequately.
Future research can pursue how identified differences affect boys and girls, thereby enabling better support or protection for children.
Redefining landmarks to improve #safefemoral outcomes
Authors: Khan Asaad , Dangas George 
Published: September 2019

Key Points
Retroperitoneal hemorrhage (RPH) and other femoral artery access site complications are associated with “high” arterial punctures.
Using the nadir of inferior epigastric artery (IEA) as the landmark for identifying the inguinal ligament and high punctures can reduce access site complications.
Traditional teaching of aiming for the middle of the femoral head while obtaining femoral access can result in higher than desired puncture site more frequently than aiming for the lower quarter.
Enhanced understanding of anatomical landmarks, use of imaging guidance and strict adherence to safe access practices can help improve outcomes.
Predilatation for transcatheter aortic valve replacement: Still have a role?
Authors: Cilingiroglu Mehmet , Marmagkiolis Konstantinos 
Published: September 2019

Key Points
Predilation with a balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) was the standard of care for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) until recently.
Both the operators increased experiences as well as smaller device sizes and improved device designs have much improved omitting the use of BAV in majority of the cases in today's clinical practice.
Predilation with BAV seems to help in selected group of patients with severe aortic leaflet calcium volumes to avoid post‐dilation.
Radial artery access among mainstays of contemporary percutaneous coronary intervention: Is it time to forget how to puncture a femoral artery?
Authors: Tarantini Giuseppe , Giacoppo Daniele 
Published: September 2019

Key Points
Radial artery access should be the default approach for coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention regardless of the clinical presentation.
Benefits of radial access are strongly depending on the volume of transradial procedures performed.
Currently, a significant proportion of procedures continues to be performed by femoral access despite validated advantages associated with the transradial approach.
Transcatheter treatment of acquired coronary sinus ostium atresia in a child with complex congenital heart disease
Authors: Kops Samantha A. , Pangburn Suzanna , Barber Brent J. , Seckeler Michael D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCongenital coronary sinus ostium atresia is a rare condition that is typically considered benign, as long as there is adequate drainage via another route. However, in children with single ventricle congenital heart disease, adequate drainage may not be assured after complex surgical interventions, putting them at risk for myocardial injury. We present a patient with complex single ventricle congenital heart disease who developed acquired coronary sinus ostium atresia after surgical intervention that was treated by a transcatheter approach to prevent the sequelae of coronary sinus hypertension.
Bone metastasis as primary presentation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: A case report and literature review
Authors: Argentiero Antonella , Calabrese Angela , Solimando Antonio Giovanni , Notaristefano Antonio , Panarelli Marzia M.G. , Brunetti Oronzo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPDAC bone metastases represent a clinical challenge characterized by multifaceted biological entity.
Physical Inhibition and Chemical Confinement of Lithium Polysulfides by Designing a Double‐Layer Composite Separator for Lithium‐Sulfur Battery
Authors: Deng Nanping , Ticha Eya Ben , Wang Liyuan , Li Quanxiang , Zhao Huijuan , Gao Lu , Liu Min , Liu Yong , Kang Weimin , Cheng Bowen 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this study, a novel double‐layer composite separator based on F‐doped poly‐m‐phenyleneisophthalamide (PMIA) and silicon dioxide (SiO2)−F co‐doped PMIA membrane is designed and prepared by electrospinning technology. The combination of F‐doped PMIA membrane and SiO2−F co‐doped PMIA membrane endows the functional separator with exceedingly high electrolyte uptake and retention, greatly prominent thermostability, and prevented shrinkage. Moreover, its strong physical inhibition and chemisorption can also confine polysulfides. Thus, the lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) batteries using the prepared membrane presented a high initial discharge capacity of 1274.8 mAh g−1 and maintained a reversible discharge capacity of 814.8 mAh g−1 with high Coulombic efficiency of 98.42 % after 600 cycles at 0.5 C. Meanwhile, the cell exhibited small interfacial resistance and excellent rate capacity. The excellent properties were attributed to high ionic conductivity offered by the large pore volume of unique 3D nanofiber network, excellent liquid electrolyte uptake of SiO2−F co‐doped PMIA membrane, and less “shuttle effect” suppressed by both the physical inhibition of polysulfides by the formed gel polymer electrolyte based on F‐doped PMIA membrane and chemical confinement of polysulfides by the addition of F and SiO2. The results indicated that the composite separator through the inexpensive, unsophisticated, and efficient preparation method can provide a good choice for high‐performance Li−S batteries.
Preoperative, biopsy‐based assessment of the tumour microenvironment in patients with primary operable colorectal cancer
Authors: Park James H , van Wyk Hester , McMillan Donald C , Edwards Joanne , Orange Clare , Horgan Paul G , Roxburgh Campbell SD 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe tumour microenvironment (TME) is recognised as an important prognostic characteristic and therapeutic target in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). However, assessment generally utilises surgically resected specimens, precluding neoadjuvant targeting. The present study investigated the feasibility of intra‐epithelial CD3+ T‐lymphocyte density and tumour stroma percentage (TSP) assessment using preoperative colonoscopic biopsies from 115 patients who had undergone resection of stages I–III CRC, examining the relationship between biopsy and surgically resected specimen‐based assessment, and the relationship with cancer‐specific survival (CSS). High biopsy CD3+ density was associated with high CD3+ density in the invasive margin, cancer stroma and intra‐epithelial compartments of surgically resected specimens (area under the curve > 0.62, p < 0.05 for all) and with high Immunoscore. High biopsy TSP predicted high TSP in resected specimens (p = 0.001). Intra‐class correlation coefficient for both measures was >0.7 (p < 0.001), indicating excellent concordance between individuals. Biopsy CD3+ density (hazard ratio [HR] 0.23, p = 0.002) and TSP (HR 2.23, p = 0.029) were independently associated with CSS; this was comparable to the prognostic value of full section assessment (HR 0.21, p = 0.004, and HR 2.25, p = 0.033 respectively). These results suggest that assessment of the TME is comparable in biopsy and surgically resected specimens from patients with CRC, and biopsy‐based assessment could allow for stratification prior to surgery or commencement of therapy targeting the TME.
Effect of increasing age on percutaneous coronary intervention vs coronary artery bypass grafting in older adults with unprotected left main coronary artery disease: A meta‐analysis and meta‐regression
Authors: Khan Mahin R. , Kayani Waleed T. , Ahmad Waqas , Manan Malalai , Hira Ravi S. , Hamzeh Ihab , Jneid Hani , Virani Salim S. , Kleiman Neal , Lakkis Nasser , Alam Mahboob 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundOlder adults (≥70‐year‐old) are under‐represented in the published data pertaining to unprotected left main coronary artery disease (ULMCAD). Hypothesis: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) might be comparable to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for revascularization of ULMCAD.MethodsWe compared PCI versus CABG in older adults with ULMCAD with an aggregate data meta‐analyses (4880 patients) of clinical outcomes [all‐cause mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), repeat revascularization, stroke and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events(MACCE)] at 30 days, 12‐24 months & ≥36 months in patients with mean age ≥70 years and ULMCAD. A meta‐regression analysis evaluated the effect of age on mortality after PCI. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using random‐effects model.ResultsAll‐cause mortality between PCI and CABG was comparable at 30‐days (OR0.77, 95% CI 0.42‐ 1.41) and 12‐24‐months (OR 1.22, 95% CI 0.78‐1.93). PCI was associated with a markedly lower rate of stroke at 30‐day follow‐up in octogenarians (OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.02‐0.76) but an overall higher rate of repeat revascularization. At ≥36‐months, MACCE (OR 1.26,95% CI 0.99‐1.60) and all‐cause mortality (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.00‐1.93) showed a trend favoring CABG but did not reach statistical significance. On meta‐regression, PCI was associated with a higher mortality with advancing age (coefficient=0.1033, p=0.042).ConclusionsPCI was associated with a markedly lower rate of early stroke in octogenarians as compared to CABG. All‐cause mortality was comparable between the two arms with a trend favoring CABG at ≥36‐months.PCI was however associated with increasing mortality with advancing age as compared to CABG.
Model‐based analysis of the sensitivities and diagnostic implications of FFR and CFR under various pathological conditions
Authors: Ge Xinyang , Liu Youjun , Tu Shengxian , Simakov Sergey , Vassilevski Yuri , Liang Fuyou 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAlthough fractional flow reserve (FFR) and coronary flow reserve (CFR) are both frequently used to assess the functional severity of coronary artery stenosis, discordant results of diagnosis between FFR and CFR in some patient cohorts have been reported. In the present study, a computational model was employed to quantify the impacts of various pathophysiological factors on FFR and CFR. In addition, a hyperemic myocardial ischemic index (HMIx) was proposed as a reference for comparing the diagnostic performances of FFR and CFR. Obtained results showed that CFR was more susceptible than FFR to the influence of many pathophysiological factors unrelated to coronary artery stenosis. In particular, the numerical study proved that increasing hyperemic coronary microvascular resistance significantly elevated FFR while reducing CFR despite fixed severity of coronary artery stenosis, whereas introducing aortic valve disease only caused a significant decrease in CFR with little influence on FFR. These results provided theoretical evidence for explaining some clinical observations, such as the increased risk of discordant diagnostic results between FFR and CFR in patients with increased hyperemic microvascular resistance, and significant increase in CFR after surgical relief of severe aortic valve disease. When evaluated with respect to the predictive value for hyperemic myocardial ischemia, the performance of FFR was found to be considerably compromised in the presence of severe coronary vasodilation dysfunction or aortic valve disease, whereas the relationship between CFR and HMIx remained relatively stable, suggesting that CFR may be a more reliable indicator of myocardial ischemia under complex pathophysiological conditions.
Microfactories for Intracellular Locally Generated Hydrogen Therapy: Advanced Materials, Challenges, and Opportunities
Authors: Ma Yuli , Wu Fang , Hu Yun Hang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHydrogen therapy has attracted increasing attention in clinical/preclinical studies as an emerging and promising therapy technique owing to its selective antioxidative properties. Microfactories for intracellular local hydrogen production are an efficient intracellular hydrogen delivery system with targeted, controlled, and sustained release. In this Minireview, recently developed materials, technologies, and strategies for locally generated hydrogen therapy are summarized. Different driving forces including ultrasound, light, and chemical reactions are critical to the in situ production of hydrogen for the hydrogen therapy process. The therapeutic mechanisms and effectiveness of this locally generated hydrogen were evaluated based on the type of disease models, with an emphasis on tissue inflammation and cancer. Furthermore, the challenges and opportunities of constructing these microfactories for locally generated hydrogen therapy are discussed.