bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designing a magnesium alloy with high strength and high formability
Authors: Trang T. T. T. , Zhang J. H. , Kim J. H. , Zargaran A. , Hwang J. H. , Suh B.-C. , Kim N. J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAlthough magnesium alloys, as the lightest structural alloys, offer significant potential for automotive applications, their applications remain limited due to their poor formability at room temperature. Since the strategies used for improving formability usually result in a degradation of strength, there are no high strength magnesium alloys showing good formability. Here we report an alloy design concept that can simultaneously provide high strength and good formability. Such designed alloy when subjected to an appropriate processing technique shows a combination of strength and formability that surpasses those of the existing magnesium alloys reported so far. The alloy design concept used in the present study is based on the utilization of alloying elements that can induce precipitation, as well as maximize the segregation of other texture-controlling alloying elements. Such developed alloy is expected to broaden the application of Mg alloy sheets, which are now starting to gain acceptance by automotive industries.
Possible nitrogen fertilization of the early Earth Ocean by microbial continental ecosystems
Authors: Thomazo Christophe , Couradeau Estelle , Garcia-Pichel Ferran 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWhile significant efforts have been invested in reconstructing the early evolution of the Earth’s atmosphere–ocean–biosphere biogeochemical nitrogen cycle, the potential role of an early continental contribution by a terrestrial, microbial phototrophic biosphere has been largely overlooked. By transposing to the Archean nitrogen fluxes of modern topsoil communities known as biological soil crusts (terrestrial analogs of microbial mats), whose ancestors might have existed as far back as 3.2 Ga ago, we show that they could have impacted the evolution of the nitrogen cycle early on. We calculate that the net output of inorganic nitrogen reaching the Precambrian hydrogeological system could have been of the same order of magnitude as that of modern continents for a range of inhabited area as small as a few percent of that of present day continents. This contradicts the assumption that before the Great Oxidation Event, marine and continental biogeochemical nitrogen cycles were disconnected.
Change in longitudinal trends in sleep quality and duration following breast cancer diagnosis: results from the Women’s Health Initiative
Authors: Beverly Chloe M. , Naughton Michelle J. , Pennell Michael L. , Foraker Randi E. , Young Gregory , Hale Lauren , Feliciano Elizabeth M. Cespedes , Pan Kathy , Crane Tracy E. , Danhauer Suzanne C. , Paskett Electra D. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBreast cancer survivors frequently report sleep problems, but little research has studied sleep patterns longitudinally. We examined trends in sleep quality and duration up to 15 years before and 20 years after a diagnosis of breast cancer, over time among postmenopausal women participating in the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI). We included 12,098 participants who developed invasive breast cancer after study enrollment. A linear mixed-effects model was used to determine whether the time trend in sleep quality, as measured by the WHI Insomnia Rating Scale (WHIIRS), a measure of perceived insomnia symptoms from the past 4 weeks, changed following a cancer diagnosis. To examine sleep duration, we fit a logistic regression model with random effects for both short (<6 h) and long (≥9 h) sleep. In addition, we studied the association between depressive symptoms and changes in WHIIRS and sleep duration. There was a significantly slower increase in the trend of WHIIRS after diagnosis (β = 0.06; p = 0.03), but there were non-significant increases in the trend of the probability of short or long sleep after diagnosis. The probability of depressive symptoms significantly decreased, though the decrease was more pronounced after diagnosis (p < 0.01). Trends in WHIIRS worsened at a relatively slower rate following diagnosis and lower depression rates may explain the slower worsening in WHIIRS. Our findings suggest that over a long period of time, breast cancer diagnosis does not adversely affect sleep quality and duration in postmenopausal women compared to sleep pre-diagnosis, yet both sleep quality and duration continue to worsen over time.
Nanostructure, structural stability, and diffusion characteristics of layered coatings for heat-assisted magnetic recording head media
Authors: Matlak J. , Rismaniyazdi E. , Komvopoulos K. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe intense laser heating in heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) has been a major hindrance to HAMR technology from becoming commercially viable. Thermal damage of the near-field transducer (NFT) and write pole (WP) embedded in the trailing edge of the magnetic head due to failure of the protective carbon overcoat after prolonged heating at an elevated temperature are major obstacles. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to develop an effective coating method for HAMR heads. This was accomplished by introducing a new class of layered coatings consisting of ultrathin amorphous carbon (a-C) overcoat, adhesion (SiN) layer, and buffer (NiCr or TaOx) layer sequentially deposited onto Au and FeCo base layers to mimic the layer stacking of NFT and WP elements, respectively. The structural stability of the a-C overcoats and diffusion characteristics of each comprising layer under conditions of heating at 350 °C for 30 min in an Ar atmosphere were investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). For most stacking configurations the HRTEM/STEM and EELS results generally revealed some layer intermixing and minute carbon atom rehybridization in the heated a-C overcoats. The findings of this investigation suggest that further optimization of the developed layered coatings can provide a viable solution to thermal damage of HAMR heads.
Normal Mode Splitting in a Moving-Particles-Pumped Mechanical Oscillator: Clamped-Hinged Homogeneous Beam
Authors: Sun Zhi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe interaction of a mechanical oscillator with the operation actions and environment fields will give rise to the splitting of normal modes. In this study, we investigate the normal mode splitting behaviour of a moving-particles-pumped single-span clamped-hinged elastic homogeneous beam based on the proposed multi-octave modal parametric oscillation model. Numerical experiments show the entangled and squeezed oscillations of the phase-conjugated waves near the resonance tongues. Theoretical analysis predicts the occurrence of multiple simple resonances and the squeezing of the twin waves modal oscillation in the region with a low speed of movement for the studied system.
7B2 chaperone knockout in APP model mice results in reduced plaque burden
Authors: Jarvela Timothy S. , Womack Tasha , Georgiou Polymnia , Gould Todd D. , Eriksen Jason L. , Lindberg Iris 
Published: June 2018

AbstractImpairment of neuronal proteostasis is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s and other neurodegenerative diseases. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms leading to pathogenic protein aggregation, and the role of secretory chaperone proteins in this process, are poorly understood. We have previously shown that the neural-and endocrine-specific secretory chaperone 7B2 potently blocks in vitro fibrillation of Aβ42. To determine whether 7B2 can function as a chaperone in vivo, we measured plaque formation and performed behavioral assays in 7B2-deficient mice in an hAPPswe/PS1dE9 Alzheimer’s model mouse background. Surprisingly, immunocytochemical analysis of cortical levels of thioflavin S- and Aβ-reactive plaques showed that APP mice with a partial or complete lack of 7B2 expression exhibited a significantly lower number and burden of thioflavin S-reactive, as well as Aβ-immunoreactive, plaques. However, 7B2 knockout did not affect total brain levels of either soluble or insoluble Aβ. While hAPP model mice performed poorly in the Morris water maze, their brain 7B2 levels did not impact performance. Since 7B2 loss reduced amyloid plaque burden, we conclude that brain 7B2 can impact Aβ disposition in a manner that facilitates plaque formation. These results are reminiscent of prior findings in hAPP model mice lacking the ubiquitous secretory chaperone clusterin.
Motility and chemotaxis of bacteria-driven microswimmers fabricated using antigen 43-mediated biotin display
Authors: Schauer Oliver , Mostaghaci Babak , Colin Remy , Hürtgen Daniel , Kraus David , Sitti Metin , Sourjik Victor 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBacteria-driven biohybrid microswimmers (bacteriabots) combine synthetic cargo with motile living bacteria that enable propulsion and steering. Although fabrication and potential use of such bacteriabots have attracted much attention, existing methods of fabrication require an extensive sample preparation that can drastically decrease the viability and motility of bacteria. Moreover, chemotactic behavior of bacteriabots in a liquid medium with chemical gradients has remained largely unclear. To overcome these shortcomings, we designed Escherichia coli to autonomously display biotin on its cell surface via the engineered autotransporter antigen 43 and thus to bind streptavidin-coated cargo. We show that the cargo attachment to these bacteria is greatly enhanced by motility and occurs predominantly at the cell poles, which is greatly beneficial for the fabrication of motile bacteriabots. We further performed a systemic study to understand and optimize the ability of these bacteriabots to follow chemical gradients. We demonstrate that the chemotaxis of bacteriabots is primarily limited by the cargo-dependent reduction of swimming speed and show that the fabrication of bacteriabots using elongated E. coli cells can be used to overcome this limitation.
Kinked silicon nanowires-enabled interweaving electrode configuration for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Sandu Georgiana , Coulombier Michael , Kumar Vishank , Kassa Hailu G. , Avram Ionel , Ye Ran , Stopin Antoine , Bonifazi Davide , Gohy Jean-François , Leclère Philippe , Gonze Xavier , Pardoen Thomas , Vlad Alexandru , Melinte Sorin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA tri-dimensional interweaving kinked silicon nanowires (k-SiNWs) assembly, with a Ni current collector co-integrated, is evaluated as electrode configuration for lithium ion batteries. The large-scale fabrication of k-SiNWs is based on a procedure for continuous metal assisted chemical etching of Si, supported by a chemical peeling step that enables the reuse of the Si substrate. The kinks are triggered by a simple, repetitive etch-quench sequence in a HF and H2O2-based etchant. We find that the inter-locking frameworks of k-SiNWs and multi-walled carbon nanotubes exhibit beneficial mechanical properties with a foam-like behavior amplified by the kinks and a suitable porosity for a minimal electrode deformation upon Li insertion. In addition, ionic liquid electrolyte systems associated with the integrated Ni current collector repress the detrimental effects related to the Si-Li alloying reaction, enabling high cycling stability with 80% capacity retention (1695 mAh/gSi) after 100 cycles. Areal capacities of 2.42 mAh/cm2 (1276 mAh/gelectrode) can be achieved at the maximum evaluated thickness (corresponding to 1.3 mgSi/cm2). This work emphasizes the versatility of the metal assisted chemical etching for the synthesis of advanced Si nanostructures for high performance lithium ion battery electrodes.
Sample-to-Answer Droplet Magnetofluidic Platform for Point-of-Care Hepatitis C Viral Load Quantitation
Authors: Shin Dong Jin , Trick Alexander Y. , Hsieh Yu-Hsiang , Thomas David L. , Wang Tza-Huei 
Published: June 2018

AbstractGold standard quantitative nucleic acid tests for diagnosis of viral diseases are currently limited to implementation in laboratories outside of the clinic. An instrument for conducting nucleic acid testing at the point-of-care (POC) that is easily operable by the clinician would reduce the required number of visits to the clinic and improve patient retention for proper treatment. Here we present a droplet magnetofluidic (DM) platform, which leverages functionalized magnetic particles to miniaturize and automate laboratory assays for use in the clinic at the POC. Our novel thermoformed disposable cartridge coupled to a portable multiaxial magnetofluidic instrument enables real-time PCR assays for quantitative and sensitive detection of nucleic acids from crude biosamples. Instead of laborious benchtop sample purification techniques followed by elution and spiking into PCR buffer, the user simply injects the biosample of interest into a cartridge with magnetic particles and loads the cartridge into the instrument. We demonstrate the utility of our platform with hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA viral load quantitation from blood serum in approximately 1 hour. Clinical serum samples (n = 18) were directly processed on cartridges with no false positives and a limit of detection of 45 IU per 10 µl sample injection.
Changes in gene expression in Camelina sativa roots and vegetative tissues in response to salinity stress
Authors: Heydarian Zohreh , Yu Min , Gruber Margaret , Coutu Cathy , Robinson Stephen J. , Hegedus Dwayne D. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe response of Camelina sativa to salt stress was examined. Salt reduced shoot, but not root length. Root and shoot weight were affected by salt, as was photosynthetic capacity. Salt did not alter micro-element concentration in shoots, but increased macro-element (Ca and Mg) levels. Gene expression patterns in shoots indicated that salt stress may have led to shuttling of Na+ from the cytoplasm to the tonoplast and to an increase in K+ and Ca+2 import into the cytoplasm. In roots, gene expression patterns indicated that Na+ was exported from the cytoplasm by the SOS pathway and that K+ was imported in response to salt. Genes involved in chelation and storage were up-regulated in shoots, while metal detoxification appeared to involve various export mechanisms in roots. In shoots, genes involved in secondary metabolism leading to lignin, anthocyanin and wax production were up-regulated. Partial genome partitioning was observed in roots and shoots based on the expression of homeologous genes from the three C. sativa sub-genomes. Sub-genome I and II were involved in the response to salinity stress to about the same degree, while about 10% more differentially-expressed genes were associated with sub-genome III.
Stuttering and Labor Market Outcomes in the United States
Authors: Gerlach Hope , Totty Evan , Subramanian Anu , Zebrowski Patricia 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to quantify relationships between stuttering and labor market outcomes, determine if outcomes differ by gender, and explain the earnings difference between people who stutter and people who do not stutter.MethodSurvey and interview data were obtained from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Of the 13,564 respondents who completed 4 waves of surveys over 14 years and answered questions about stuttering, 261 people indicated that they stutter. Regression analysis, propensity score matching, and Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition were used.ResultsAfter controlling for numerous variables related to demographics and comorbidity, the deficit in earnings associated with stuttering exceeded $7,000. Differences in observable characteristics between people who stutter and people who do not stutter (e.g., education, occupation, self-perception, hours worked) accounted for most of the earnings gap for males but relatively little for females. Females who stutter were also 23% more likely to be underemployed than females who do not stutter.ConclusionsStuttering was associated with reduced earnings and other gender-specific disadvantages in the labor market. Preliminary evidence indicates that discrimination may have contributed to the earnings gap associated with stuttering, particularly for females.
Hybrid graphene aerogel intermedium for bendable supercapacitor electrode
Authors: Mi Jinbo , Wang Yongliang , Han Zhidong 
Published: June 2018

Porous structure materials indicate brilliant distribution and great absorption ability, that suggesting the potential application of aerogel state graphene based materials. Aerogel intermedium assisted method was developed and optimised to prepare bendable electrode. Hydrothermal schedule was utilised suggesting potential application at low cost and large‐scale factory print issues, rather than consuming high money cost and long labour time. Nickel sulphide has been anchored onto the graphene aerogels via one‐pot hydrothermal method. The membrane electrode was made with the carbon ink and aerogel intermedium on the Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) plate. The bendable electrode was fabricated with intermedium and commercial carbon ink, and indicates good performance and economic consumption. The complex membrane capacitor shows the much more brilliant performance than the pure carbon membrane capacitor, with specific capacitance (31.40 mF/cm2 at 4 mV/s and 17.74 mF/cm2 at 2 mA/cm2).
Der Schlüssel zur Begeisterungskultur
Authors: Schröder Jörg-Peter 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungMitarbeiter in OP-Teams magisch anzuziehen ist Chefsache. Workshops zur Umsetzung von transformationaler Führung können bei der Mitarbeiterbindung einen
wichtigen Beitrag leisten, denn der Führungsstil der Vorgesetzten beeinflusst die Mitarbeitermotivation massiv. Lesen Sie, wie Sie mit Klarheit,
Entscheidungsfreude, Begeisterungsfähigkeit und Wertschätzung eine Begeisterungskultur im OP kreieren können.
Harte oder weiche Hülle?
Authors: Hönle Birgitt 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungWelches System zur Sterilgutver- und -entsorgung bevorzugen Sie: Container oder Weichverpackungen? Unsere Autorin erklärt die Vor- und Nachteile der
unterschiedlichen Systeme und gibt praktische Tipps für den Arbeitsalltag.
Opfer von Gewalttaten im Verfahren nach dem Opferentschädigungsgesetz
Authors: Franke Stefanie , Kalweit Christine , Frey Annelene , Heddergott Hanna , Mitschke Astrid-Christine , Wehrmeyer Matthias , Heinrichs Nina , Kröger Christoph 
Published: June 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Bei Opfern von Gewalttaten spielt die Bewältigung des psychischen Traumas oft eine zentrale Rolle. Das Opferentschädigungsgesetz (OEG) sieht Leistungen zur Wiederherstellung der Teilhabefähigkeit vor. Um die Versorgung Betroffener weiter zu verbessern, wurden Charakteristika der Opfer in Abhängigkeit von Taten und Tätern ermittelt.
Methodik Anhand eines Kategoriensystems wurden aus 312 OEG-Akten Erwachsener demografische Angaben, traumaspezifische und gesundheitliche Merkmale der Opfer, relevante Merkmale der Täter, der Gewalt sowie Prädiktoren der Zeitdifferenz zwischen Tat und Antragstellung erfasst.
Ergebnisse Zumeist waren Frauen betroffen (71%). Bei 49% der Betroffenen lagen körperliche, bei 87% psychische Schädigungsfolgen vor (davon bei 64% eine posttraumatische Belastungsstörung). 55% der Gewalttaten waren Sexualdelikte, 47% Körperverletzung, bei 44% lag zusätzlich psychische Misshandlung vor. Die Täter kamen häufig aus dem Umfeld des Opfers. 42% der Delikte betrafen häusliche Gewalt. Die Zeitdauer zwischen der Schädigung und OEG-Antragstellung variierte zwischen 0 und 52 Jahren (M=7,81, SD=12,48). 50% der Anträge wurden innerhalb eines Jahres und weitere 15,2% innerhalb von 5 Jahren gestellt. Bei 34,3% betrug die Zeitdauer über 5 Jahre. Bei seriellen bzw. schweren Traumatisierungen, Depression und enger Beziehung zwischen Opfer und Täter wurde die gesetzlich vorgesehene Hilfe erst spät in Anspruch genommen.
Schlussfolgerung Viele Opfer von Gewalttaten sind psychisch traumatisiert. Um zu verhindern, dass sich Traumafolgen als dauerhafte Gesundheitsstörungen verfestigen, sollte das Angebot frühzeitiger professioneller evidenzbasierter Akuttherapie (z. B. in Trauma-Ambulanzen) weiter optimiert werden.
Current Status of the Radiologic Assessment of Diverticular Disease
Authors: Kandagatla Pridvi , Stefanou Amalia 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRadiologic assessment plays a vital role in the management of diverticulitis. It not only helps in the diagnosis, but also helps to guide the management. As technology has progressed, different modalities have offered insight into the treatment of this disease process. Through various trials and studies, certain modalities stand above the rest in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Computed tomography (CT) imaging has also proved to help us guide the management through a grading system. Newer studies show us the advantages of other modalities such as ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Though there is much research yet to be done with these modalities, they do show a lot of potential.
Surgical Management of Diverticular Disease in the Elective Setting
Authors: Neale Jeffrey 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDiverticulosis is a common condition that has increased in prevalence in industrialized countries over the past century. Estimates of developing diverticular disease in the United states range from 5% by 40 years of age up, to over 80% by age 80. It is estimated that approximately 20% of patients with diverticulosis develop diverticulitis over the course of their lifetime. Diverticular disease can be divided into simple and chronic diverticulitis with various sub categories. There are various instances and circumstances where elective resection is indicated for both complex and simple forms of this disease process. When planning surgery there are general preoperative considerations that are important to be reviewed prior to surgery. There are also more specific considerations depending on secondary problem attributed to diverticulitis, that is, fistula vs stricture. Today, treatment for elective resection includes open, laparoscopic and robotic surgery. Over the last several years we have moved away from open surgery to laparoscopic surgery for elective resection. With the advent of robotic surgery and introduction of 3D laparoscopic surgery the discussion of superiority, equivalence between these modalities, is and should remain an important discussion topic.
Evaluation of Quality of Life and Surgical Outcomes for Treatment of Diverticular Disease
Authors: Lin Mayin , Raman Shankar 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe prevalence of diverticular disease in the Western and industrialized nations has increased over the last century, and our understanding of this disease and its management continues to evolve. In this article, we review the literature regarding the postoperative quality of life (QOL) and functional outcomes following surgical management of diverticulitis, including information regarding bowel function, recurrence of symptoms, and other postoperative sequelae. While objective parameters, such as attacks of diverticulitis, complications, and clinical episodes have been studied, there is a paucity of data on less objective factors, such as overall patient satisfaction after operative management of diverticular disease. The literature shows improvement in QOL following surgical intervention for diverticulitis if preoperative QOL was significantly low, secondary to severe/complicated diverticulitis. However, a subset of patients does continue to have symptoms following surgical intervention for diverticulitis. Often neglected in the literature, there remains a need for prospective data evaluating preoperative function to ascertain the impact of surgery on patients' QOL and postoperative function.