bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RECOVERY OF RESIDUAL FOREST ECOSYSTEM AS AN IMPACT OF SELECTIVE LOGGING IN SOUTH PAPUA: AN ECOLOGICAL APPROACH
Authors: Murdjoko Agustinus , Marsono Djoko , Sadono Ronggo , Hadisusanto Suwarno 
Published: January 2019

Papua has been experiencing heavy logging activity in its forests for decades . However, only several studies focused on the effect of logging in the forest ecosystem. This research was aimed to analyze recovery processes of the forest ecosystem. The research was conducted in the logged tropical rainforest in South Papua using ecological approach which used tree communities as biotic and soil condition as abiotic indicators. Data were collected in the logging area of PT Tunas Timber Lestari located in the tropical rainforest of South Papua. There were five groups of forests used in this research i.e. unlogged, one year post selectively-logged, five years post selectively-logged, ten yearsÂ post selectively-logged and fifteen years post selectively-logged forests. Thirty nested plots were laid on each forest group. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was applied to analyze the understory and upperstory plant communities. Understory and upperstory plant communities formed different patterns due to logging. Plant communities in the ten and fifteen years post-selectively logged forests were not similar to those in the unlogged forest. Soil organic matter (SOM) content in the selectively logged forests was lower than that in the unlogged forest. These occurrences indicated that the selectively logged forests were still recovering and required more than fifteen years to be fully recovered.
СКРИНІНГОВІ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ФІТОКОМПОЗИЦІЙ НА ОСНОВІ СУХИХ EКCТPAКТIВ КOЗЛЯТНИКA, ЧОРНИЦІ ЗВИЧАЙНОЇ І ТАУРИНУ З ПОТЕНЦІЙНИМИ ГІПОГЛІКЕМІЧНИМИ ВЛАСТИВОСТЯМИ
Authors: Kurylo Kh. I. , Klishch I. M. , Volska A. S. , Rozhkovskyi Ya. V. 
Published: January 2019

Мета роботи. Скринінгові дослідження фітокомпозицій на основі сухих eкcтpaктiв кoзлятникa, чорниці звичайної і таурину з потенційними гіпоглікемічними властивостями
Матеріали і методи. Oб'єкт дocлiджeнь – кoмбiнoвaний зaciб нa ocнoвi сухого екстракту кoзлятникa лiкapcькoгo, чорниці звичайної і таурину, а також його ліпосомальна форма з умовною назвою «Галевіт». Проведено дослідження по визнaчeнню найбільш eфeктивниx за гіпоглікемічною активністю дoз фітокомпозиції на основі козлятника лікарського і її ліпосомальної форми «Галевіт» за допомогою орального тесту толерантності до глюкози у тварин. Гiпoглiкeмiчнy дiю досліджуваних екстрактів oцiнювaли зa здaтнicтю знижyвaти piвeнь глюкoзи нa мaкcимyмi poзвиткy гiпepглiкeмiї пicля нaвaнтaжeння глюкoзoю шляxoм пoбyдoви гpaфiкy глiкeмiчнoї кривої. Кoнцeнтpaцiю глюкoзи в кpoвi визнaчaли зa дoпoмoгoю тecт-cмyжoк, глюкoмeтpoм “Accu-Chek performa”. Кpoв для дocлiджeнь oтpимyвaли з xвocтoвoї вeни щypiв, шляxoм диcтaльнoї peзeкцiї xвocтa.
Результати й обговорення. Скринінгові дослідження гіпоглікемічної активності фітокомпозиції на основі козлятника лікарського та її ліпосомальної форми під умовною назвою «Галевіт» виявили здатність фітозасобів в дозах 50 мг/кг, 75 мг/кг, 100 мг /кг, 125 мг/кг та 150 мг/кг до зниження рівня глікемії в оральному тесті толерантності до глюкози у інтактних білих щурів. Встановлено, що найбільш виразна гіпоглікемічна активність фітокомпозицій виявила себе в дозах 100, 125 і 150 мг/кг і у терміні 30-60 хв після відтворення тесту. Зниження рівня глікемії під впливом досліджуваних фітокомпозицій у ці терміни експерименту було максимальним і набувало статистично значущих відмінностей від значень тварин, яким фітокорекція не проводилась, або проводилась в нижчих дозах – 50 мг/кг та 75 мг/кг. При цьому встановлено, що подальше збільшення дози фітокомпозицій до 125 мг/кг та 150 мг/кг не призводило до статистично значимого додаткового підвищення гіпоглікемічного ефекту фітокомпозицій в оральному тесті толерантності до глюкози. Аналіз результатів досліджень гіпоглікемічної активності досліджуваних фітокомпозицій показав, що фітокомпозиція Галевіт в дозі 100 мг/кг в оральному тесті толерантності до глюкози проявила більш виразну гіпоглікемічну дію, за якою достовірно переважала гіпоглікемічні ефекти фіто композиції на основі козлятника лікарського в дозі 100 мг/кг і референс-фітозасобу Арфа комбі в дозі 150 мг/кг протягом усього терміну експерименту.
Висновки. Встановлено, що в дозі 100 мг/кг фітокомпозиція на основі екстрактів козлятника лікарського, чорниці звичайної і таурину в оральному тесті толерантності до глюкози проявляє найвищу гіпоглікемічну активність. Найбільш виражена гіпоглікемічна дія проявлялась при введені тваринам фітокомпозиції Галевіт.
Five new species of predaceous cheyletid mites (Acari: Prostigmata: Cheyletidae)
Authors: BOCHKOV ANDRE V. , OTTO JURGEN C. 
Published: January 2019

Five new species and 1 new genus of predaceous cheyletid mites (Acari: Cheyletidae) are described. Oconnoricheylus gen. nov. (type species O. speciosus sp. nov.) differs from Alliea in both sexes by the presence of 4 setae on tibia II and in males by the palpal claws possessing elongated projections, an apically slightly serrate eupathidium ul’ and comb-like eupathidia acm and sul. Oconnoricheylus speciosus sp. nov. (from oranges, USA) differs from O. chimaera (Bochkov & Ochoa) comb. nov. (transferred from Alliea) by the presence of 2 filiform setae on tibia II, the distinct ornamentation of the dorsal shields, and by the absence of angles on the leg tarsal claws. Cheletomimus crowei sp. nov. (from avocado, New Zealand) differs from C. filipina Corpuz-Raros and C. notelaeae Gerson by smooth filiform setae dF of the palpal femur, smooth idiosomal setae c2, the presence of setae ps3, setae se located off the propodonotal plate, bases of setae e1 located almost at the same level with bases of e2, and by the propodonotal shield in the shape of an inverted trapezium. Chelacheles thomasi sp. nov. (from oranges, Australia) differs from C. stigmaeoides Barilo by the absence of setae c4, short and serrate rod-like setae c2 (about 40 long), and by the presence of 2 setae on femur III. Chelacheles indra sp. nov. (from beetles Sinoxylon crassum, India) differs from C. baiwanganae Corpuz-Raros by the absence of setae f1, by setae h1 being slightly shorter than other hysteronotal setae. Bak indonesiensis sp. nov. (from undetermined beetle, Indonesia) differs from B. elongatus Patxot & Goff and B. faini Corpuz-Raros by the presence of 1 seta (l’) on genu III, the slightly clavate dorsal setae of the idiosoma, setae e1 being subequal in shape and sizes to their anterior hysteronotal setae, and by the presence of a pair of distinct lateral teeth on the rostral shield.
Neck and Shoulder Motor Function following Neck Dissection: A Comparison with Healthy Control Subjects
Authors: Gane Elise M. , McPhail Steven M. , Hatton Anna L. , Panizza Benedict J. , O'Leary Shaun P. 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveTo compare the neck and shoulder motor function of patients following neck dissection, including comparison with a group of healthy volunteers.Study DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingTwo tertiary hospitals in Brisbane, Australia.Subjects and MethodsParticipants included patients 0.5 to 5 years after unilateral nerve‐sparing neck dissection and healthy control subjects. Demographic and clinical information was collected with cervical and shoulder motor function measures (scapular resting position, active range of motion, and isometric muscle strength). Differences between groups were examined via regression analyses that included statistical adjustment for the potential effect of age, sex, body mass index, and other disease‐related variables.ResultsThe 57 patients (68%, men; median age, 62 years) were typically older than the 34 healthy controls (47%, men; median age, 46 years). There were no differences between types of nerve‐preserving neck dissection for any of the motor function measures. When adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index, healthy volunteers (vs patients) had significantly greater cervical range (eg, extension coefficient [95% CI]: 11.04° [4.41°‐17.67°]), greater affected shoulder range (eg, abduction: 16.64° [1.19°‐31.36°]), and greater isometric strength of the cervical flexors (eg, men: 4.24 kgf [1.56‐6.93]) and shoulder flexors (eg, men: 8.00 kgf [1.62‐14.38]).ConclusionsStrength and flexibility of the neck and shoulder are impaired following neck dissection in comparison with healthy controls. Clinicians and researchers are encouraged to consider the neck—and the neck dissection as a whole—as a source of motor impairment for these patients and not just the status of the accessory nerve.
Airway Closure Delay: The Predominant Pathophysiology in Reflux‐Associated Dysphagia
Authors: Kendall Katherine A. 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveReflux disease is common in patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia, but the impact of reflux on oropharyngeal swallowing physiology is not known. This study uses objective measures of swallowing function from modified barium swallow studies to describe the pathophysiology of dysphagia in a group of patients whose only associated condition is reflux.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.SettingTertiary care voice and swallowing clinic.Subjects and MethodsThe Swallowing Database at the University of Utah was queried for patients with a diagnosis of reflux without additional conditions known to affect swallowing function. Pharyngeal transit time (TPT), distance of hyoid elevation (Hmax), maximum opening size of the upper esophageal sphincter (UESmax), area of pharynx at maximum constriction (PAmax), airway closure timing relative to the arrival of the bolus at the UES, and penetration/aspiration (Pen/Asp) score were assessed.ResultsOf the 122 patients who met inclusion criteria for the study, 42% had normal pharyngeal swallowing function, 57% had at least 1 abnormal swallowing measure, and 47.5% demonstrated a delay in airway closure relative to arrival of the bolus at the UES on at least 1 swallow. The incidence of prolonged TPT, diminished Hmax, poor UESmax, and enlarged PAmax were 2.5%, 8%, 4%, and 11.5%, respectively. Sixty percent with a delay in airway closure had a normal Pen/Asp score.ConclusionA delay in airway closure relative to the arrival of the bolus at the UES is the most common abnormality of swallowing function found in patients with reflux‐associated dysphagia but may not be identified using the Pen/Asp score.
Relative Preservation of Superior Semicircular Canal Architecture in CHARGE Syndrome
Authors: Tawfik Kareem O. , Leader Brittany A. , Walters Zoe A. , Choo Daniel I. 
Published: January 2019

Objectives(1) Describe common patterns of semicircular canal (SCC) anomalies in CHARGE syndrome (CS) and (2) recognize that in CS, the architecture of the superior SCC may be relatively preserved.Study DesignThis is a retrospective review of temporal bone imaging studies.SettingQuaternary care center.Subjects and MethodsA sample of 37 patients with CS. All subjects met clinical diagnostic criteria for CS. The presence/absence of anomalies of the middle ear, mastoid, temporal bone venous anatomy, inner ear, and internal auditory canal was recorded. Anomalies of each SCC were considered separately and by severity (normal, dysplasia, aplasia).ResultsThirty‐seven subjects (74 temporal bones) were reviewed. Thirty‐four (92.0%) patients demonstrated bilateral SCC anomalies. Three (8.0%) had normal SCCs. In patients with SCC anomalies, all canals demonstrated bilateral abnormalities. Thirty‐two (86.5%) patients had bilateral horizontal SCC aplasia. These 32 patients also demonstrated posterior SCC aplasia in at least 1 ear. Of 74 temporal bones, 37 (50.0%) had superior SCC dysplasia. All dysplastic superior SCCs showed preservation of the anterior limb. Complete superior SCC aplasia was found in 28 (37.8%) temporal bones.ConclusionSCC anomalies occur with high frequency in CS. Complete absence of the horizontal and posterior canals is typical and usually bilateral. By contrast, the superior SCC often demonstrates relative preservation of the anterior limb.
Association of Respiratory Mechanic Instability and Respiratory Parameters among Adults with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Choi Ji Ho , Lee Bora , Hwang Se‐Hwan 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesRespiratory mechanic instability (RMI) is derived from analysis of paradoxical thoracoabdominal movements during airway obstruction. This study aimed to evaluate RMI parameters in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the correlation between RMI parameters and other parameters in polysomnography.Study DesignRetrospective review.SettingA university hospital.MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed, and data from 189 adult patients who underwent an in‐laboratory sleep study and were seen in our clinic during the past 8 months. The RMI parameters were measured from thoracoabdominal bands during polysomnography.ResultsSubjects were divided into 2 groups: control (n = 67, apnea‐hypopnea index [AHI] <5) and OSA (n = 122, AHI ≥5). The OSA group was divided into 3 subgroups according to AHI: mild, 5 ≤ AHI < 15; moderate, 15 ≤ AHI < 30; severe, AHI ≥30. As AHI increased, all RMI parameters showed a significant rising pattern and difference between control and subgroups. Arousal index, lowest oxygen saturation, and oxygen desaturation index ≥3% were significantly correlated with all RMI parameters. Based on cutoff values, areas under the curves of the RMI index for predicting mild, moderate, and severe OSA were >0.85.ConclusionAll RMI parameters were well related to respiratory parameters of polysomnography, such as arousal index, lowest oxygen saturation, and oxygen desaturation index ≥3%. The areas under the curves of all RMI parameters for predicting OSA and subgroups showed significant diagnostic performance. These parameters may be useful to identify OSA cases from control.
Sympathomimetic Amines
Authors: Runciman W. B. 
Published: January 2019

The autonomic nervous system may play an important role in tissue autoregulation as the neurohumoral transmission process has been shown to constitute the final common pathway by which the effects of many physiological and pharmacological substances are mediated. The effects of the administration of a sympathomimetic amine cannot be accurately predicted in a subject. Choice of which sympathomimetic amine to use should be determined on the basis of data obtained in relevant clinical circumstances, but the dose should always be titrated against the effect in each individual. It is interesting that adrenaline, “the original autonomic drug” with its “venerable history”,56 is still a first line drug in many of the situations for which it was being prescribed in 1907. It is the drug of first choice in anaphylactic reactions and for severe allergic bronchospasm, and is widely used as a vasoconstrictor in surgery and with local anaesthetic agents. Adrenaline in “physiological” doses is a satisfactory and cheap alternative to other available drugs for use in septic shock and in emergence from cardiopulmonary bypass.
Preoperative Cimetidine — Effects on Gastric Fluid
Authors: Barnes P. J. , Havill J. H. 
Published: January 2019

A double blind study of 44 patients (24 placebo, 20 cimetidine) was undertaken to determine the effect of cimetidine on the pH and volume of gastric fluid during anaesthesia. The pH was significantly higher on cimetidine-treated patients than placebo-treated patients at 0, 15, 30 and 45 minutes following intubation. At induction of anaesthesia, mean pH on cimetidine was 4.5 and on placebo mean pH was 2.0. Approximately 70% of patients on cimetidine and 20% on placebo recorded a pH above 2.5 during anaesthesia. The reason for a pH recording of less than 2.5 in seven patients on cimetidine could not be ascertained. Mean volume of gastric aspirate was slightly lower in the cimetidine group at 0, 15, 30 and 45 minutes, but the differences were not significant.
One Year's Experience in a New Dental Day-Stay Unit
Authors: Yee K. F. , Davis A. C. 
Published: January 2019

The records of six hundred and fifty-five patients treated in the Dental Day-Stay Unit over a twelve-month period were reviewed. 2.1% of 95 patients assessed as suitable for day-stay surgery, and 2.2% of 542 patients not assessed prior to anaesthesia were admitted postoperatively. As an index of outcome, 2.56% of 547 day cases were admitted postoperatively, 0.73% being attributable to anaesthesia. Forty-seven day patients were treated in the dental chair, and 108 were treated as inpatients. Over 37% had at least one concurrent medical problem, while 10.4% were mentally handicapped. Guidelines for day-care selection require that the procedure be straightforward, the patient medically fit, be discharged escorted, and live within a reasonable distance of the hospital. From our study, four specific patient groups are identified. These are: the young and healthy, the mentally handicapped, the medically compromised, and those with airway problems.
A Method of Detecting Oesophageal Intubation or Confirming Tracheal Intubation
Authors: O'Leary J. J. , Pollard B. J. , Ryan M. J. 
Published: January 2019

A method of testing the location of an endotracheal tube, in the trachea or oesophagus, was subjected to trial. The test involves drawing back on the plunger of a 50 ml syringe connected with airtight fittings to the endotracheal tube connector, with the endotracheal tube cuff deflated. The ability to withdraw 30 ml of air confirms tracheal intubation. When marked resistance to withdrawal of the plunger occurs and on release the plunger rebounds to its original position the oesophagus has been intubated. The method was 100% accurate in fifty intubations, 25 tracheal and 25 oesophageal. The technique has been in routine use by one author for several years without giving an incorrect answer and enthusiastic use by other authors is producing the same result.
Induction Using Fentanyl to Suppress the Intubation Response in the Cardiac Patient: What is the Optimal Dose?
Authors: Iyer V. , Russell W. J. 
Published: January 2019

Eighty patients undergoing coronary artery surgery were randomly allocated to receive either 0, 2, 5, 10 or 15 jig/kg of fentanyl with induction of anaesthesia. Heart rate and blood pressure were measured before induction, after induction, and after intubation. The effects of fentanyl dose on both heart rate and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were evaluated in terms of both the mean and group responses. At all doses of fentanyl, mean heart rate increased after induction and rose further on intubation. The mean increase after induction was minimal at doses of 5 μg/kg and greater. The increase in heart rate after intubation was more difficult to block but with a fentanyl dose of 15 μg/kg, 87% of patients had heart rates below 100 bpm. As a group, the percentage of patients in whom the postintubation heart rate remained below 100 bpm increased progressively with the fentanyl dose. In contrast, mean MAP fell at all dose levels after induction, the mean fall being about 30 mmHg at 5 μg/kg and greater. Mean MAP exceeded pre-induction values after intubation with 0 and 2 μg/kg, and progressive attenuation of the MAP rise was found as the dose of fentanyl increased. The percentage of patients who did not exceed their preinduction MAP rose progressively with increasing dose of fentanyl with an ED50 of 3.7 μg/kg. If a minimal fall in mean MAP after induction with no rise above preinduction MAP is the sole criterion, a fentanyl dose of about 3 μg/kg is recommended. If heart rate is to be kept below 100 bpm, a dose of at least 10 μg/kg should be used. However, this dose or greater will cause the MAP to fall in some patients to less than 70 mmHg. The choice of the most appropriate dose depends on the anaesthetist's view of the relative importance of avoiding tachycardia or hypotension in the patient with coronary artery disease.
The Capnograph: Applications and Limitations —An Analysis of 2000 Incident Reports
Authors: Williamson J. A. , Webb R. K. , Cookings J. , Morgan C. 
Published: January 2019

The first 2000 incidents reported to the Australian Incident Monitoring Study were analysed with respect to the role of the capnograph. One hundred and fifty-seven (8%) were first detected by a capnograph and there were a further 18 (1%) in which capnography was contributory. Of the 1256 incidents which occurred in association with general anaesthesia 48% were “human detected” and 52% “monitor detected”. The capnograph was ranked second and detected 24% of these monitor detected incidents; this figure would have been nearly 30% if a correctly checked, calibrated capnograph had always been used. The capnograph is a “front-line” monitor for oesophageal intubation, failure of ventilation, anaesthetic circuit faults, gas embolism, sudden circulatory collapse and malignant hyperthermia. It is a valuable “back-up” monitor when other monitors (e.g. low pressure alarm, pulse oximeter) are not in use, are being used incorrectly or fail. Such situations, in order of frequency of detection were: circuit-leak, overpressure of the breathing circuit, bronchospasm, leak of ventilator-driving-gas into the patient circuit, aspiration and/or regurgitation and hypoventilation. There were 20 reports of “failure”, over two-thirds of which would not have occurred with appropriate checking and calibration. Seven were due to gas sampling problems and 6 to apnoea alarm failure. Two circuit leaks and 2 faulty unidirectional valves were not detected; on 3 occasions problems occurred due to power failure, calibration problems, or misinterpretation of an alarm. In a theoretical analysis of the 1256 general anaesthesia incidents it was considered that the capnograph, used on its own, would have detected 55% of these incidents, had they been allowed to evolve (43% before any potential for organ damage). It is highly recommended that a suitable, correctly checked, calibrated capnograph be used on all intubated and/or ventilated patients from the moment of intubation until extubation; capnography is also useful in the “apnoea” detection mode for patients breathing spontaneously on a mask.