bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Properties of Pr and In-doped BaZrCeY-based electrolyte for Proton Conducting Fuel Cell systems
Authors: Rashidah Rashid Nur Lina , Rao Somalu Mahendra , Muchtar Andanastuti , Roslam Wan Isahak Wan Nor 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Proton conducting oxides are potential electrolyte candidates for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) because of their attractive advantages such as excellent ionic conductivity and moderate activation energy for proton transfer. At present, many investigated protons conducting oxides are BaCeO3 and BaZrO3-based materials. In this study, BaCeZrY-based electrolyte doped with Pr and In was synthesised by microwave-assisted glycine nitrate process. The synthesised powders showed a single cubic perovskite phase without any additional phases and thus have potential application in Proton Conducting Fuel Cell systems.
Investigation on water adsorption on 3-crosslinked circular polyacrylamide membrane using ab initio, molecular dynamics and monte carlo calculations for dewatering microalgae
Authors: Villagracia A R , David M , Arboleda N , Ong H L , Doong R , Culaba A , Chang J , Chen W 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Microalgae has been identified as a source of biomass and biofuel which can be cultivated easily in large amounts given a small land area requirement. However, minimizing microalgae’s moisture content to 10% has been a bottleneck due to its energy intensive requirement and/or poor-quality outcome. A solution for this is the low-energy efficient forward osmosis system which needs a water superabsorbent polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogels to maintain the salt concentration on the draw solution. Water sorption on 3-crosslinked circular polyacrylamide membrane was investigated using ab initio principles, molecular dynamics and monte carlo calculations. The PAM structure was geometrically optimized using density functional theory, and then equilibrated at room temperature and 1 atm pressure for 1 ns using molecular dynamics simulation. Monte Carlo simulations at room temperature with 2,500,000 steps and geometry optimization per step were performed to identify the adsorption sites for 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, and 150 water molecules by calculating their adsorption energies under the Dreiding Forcefield Model. A mathematical model was fitted to identify the relationship of adsorption energies with the number of water molecules that can be absorbed. Results showed this material can potentially adsorbed 1082 kg - 2345 kg of water per cubic meter of material when translated from calculated amount of water molecules that was adsorbed per unit cell volume. This study serves as a foundation for exploration of the new material circular polyacrylamide membrane that can facilitate microalgae drying to produce biomass and biofuel.
Development of Sr0.6Ba0.4Ce0.9Pr0.1O3-δ Electrolyte for Proton-Conducting Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Application
Authors: Norman N W , Wan Yusoff W N A , Jais A A , Somalu M R , Muchtar A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Sr0.6Ba0.4Ce0.9Pr0.1O3-δ is synthesized by the glycine–nitrate method. The synthesized powder and resultant electrolyte pellet are systematically characterised for proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cell application. The thermal decomposition and purity of the electrolyte powder were analysed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The morphological structure and chemical stability of the electrolyte pellets are examined by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and XRD, respectively. The selective material decomposes at 1000 °C as recorded by TGA. The calcined powder at 1000 °C is used to produce the electrolyte pellet. The pellet sintered at 1400 °C achieves the average relative density of 94% as measured by Archimedes’ method and displays good grain growth with a visible grain boundary. The chemical stability of the pellet is also determined under boiling water for 2 h. The tolerance towards H2O for the sample improved with the presence of Sr upon exposure to boiling water even though some amorphous phase forms. Based on the result, Sr0.6Ba0.4Ce0.9Pr0.1O3-

δ
is considered as a potential electrolyte for proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cells.
Analysis of Performance on Ultra Wideband Circular Patch for Solar Cell Antenna Design
Authors: Hamidah A.Hamid Saidatul , Chin Hock Goh , Ferdous Nayla , Rahman M. Nazri A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this paper, a design of Ultra Wide-Band microstrip antenna based on circular microstrip patch for solar cell is proposed. In solar antenna design, researchers used several types of substrates materials in constructing the antenna. Two types of substrates that analyze and study by the researcher are Polyimide and Poly (methyl methacrylate) polymer matrix substrates. For this specific research study, the designed and analyzed methodology is conducted using CST microwave studio software using two types of substrates which are polyimide (Lossy) with dielectric constant equal to εr = 3.5 and Poly(methyl methacrylate) polymer matrix with dielectric constant equal to ϵr = 4.9. This analysis is to compare the bandwidth performance of polyimide and Poly (methyl methacrylate) polymer matrix substrate that been use in solar antenna’s studies by many researches. For these types of research analysis, the aim of this study specifically to have a material that gives high performance in bandwidth. Choosing of suitable material as the substrates also one of the ways to improve the antenna design performances. Broader bandwidth will have the capability to transfer higher data rates. Performances characteristics of the microstrip circular patch antenna of each of the substrates materials designs are also obtained and compared.
Energy Saving in a Process Plant using a Steam Accumulator
Authors: Ayyappan Preethy , Kumar Jeyanandan , Kumar Venkiteswaran Vinod 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This work was done in a process plant, where the steam demand was mostly steady but sometimes it peaks-up to the double of the average demand for a short period of time. The plant, in addition to a 5000kg/hr boiler, was continuously operating a huge capacity boiler to encounter this brief situation. This was resulting in unnecessary energy loss. As a solution, a steam accumulator was added on and only a lower capacity boiler was run. The short time peak demand of the plant was satisfied by supplying extra steam from the accumulator for a short period of time. By doing so a saving of about RM 300,000/year was achieved.
The Effects of Water Flow Rate On The Air Entrainment Process From Vertical Plunging Water Jet With Downcomer
Authors: Budiarso  , Warjito  , Putra Pamungkas Bima 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This study is intended to research the characteristics of bubbles produced by the phenomenon of air entrainment. This phenomenon is used in the Jameson cell, a flotation system used to separate valuable minerals from impurities. This process has proven successful in providing high separation efficiency. However, the characteristics of hydrodynamic bubbles and water entrainment have not been widely described. Research was set up in the form of a water loop consisting of a pump, flow meter, nozzle, downcomer, and water box. Data collection is done by using a digital camera and a high-speed digital video camera with a backlighting system. The resulting image is processed with software to obtain quantitative data. Results indicate that increasing the water flow rate also causes the ratio of air to water to increase (air entrainment).Air Entrainment is natural phenomenon air carried out as a result of a fluid jet stream. Mass transfer deepens penetration because a high jet speed produces bubbles and tends to force those bubbles towards the flow. Increasing the water flow rate will expand the surface roughness to produce more bubbles. Thus, it can be concluded that there are three phenomena that will affect whether or not the discharge will increase the air entrainment process: depth of bubble penetration, area of bubble dispersion, and air entrainment rate.
Effect of Iron Sand in Single Basin Solar Still: Experimental Study
Authors: Mugisidi D , Cahyani R S , Heriyani O , Agusman D , Rifky  
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The aim of this experiment was to study the effect of iron sand in a single solar still. The study was conducted on an open floor at the Faculty of Engineering, Muhammadiyah University Prof. DR HAMKA in Jakarta, Indonesia between August – September 2018 using two solar stills made of 2 mm stainless steel (420 mm x 305 mm) covered with 3 mm glass with a slope of 30 degrees. Iron sand was taken from Glagah beach, Kulonprogo in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. One solar still contained 20 mm height of iron sand with 15 mm height of water, while the other one contained 20 mm of water without iron sand and was used as a control. The experiment results showed that the efficiency of solar still containing iron sand was 1.5% higher than the control.
Flexible thermoelectric films from electrodeposited Bi2Te3 on recycled carbon fibre-Modulation of Seebeck coefficient by electrode pre-treatment
Authors: Jagadish Priyanka R. , Phei Li Lau , Cheah Su Fern Erica , Ca Tou Lim , Shi Pei Ng , Beng Soon Yeoh , Chan Andy , Khalid Mohammad , Chandran Davannendran 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Recycled carbon fibre (RCF) sheets were electrodeposited with bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3), a state-of-art thermoelectric compound, to produce an n-type thermoelectric module which serves as a precursor to the development of a flexible thermoelectric module. The primary objective of this study is to determine the effects of electrode pre-treatment on the Seebeck coefficient and surface morphology of the RCF electrode. The RCF electrode pre-treatment methods include solvent cleaning via isopropanol, electrochemical polarization using phosphate buffer solution (PBS), and thermal annealing at 350°C with 5% hydrogen in argon gas. The main thermoelectric property, the Seebeck coefficient, which is a measure of the magnitude of an induced thermoelectric voltage due to the thermal gradient across the material, is reported. The surface morphologies and elemental composition of the post-electrodeposited carbon fibres were also studied and reported by Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). Electrochemical polarization method yielded -13.38 μV/K in Seebeck coefficient compared to -12.23 μV/K of control sample. Solvent cleaned and heat treated samples have lower Seebeck coefficient values of -10.70 μV/K and -10.71 μV/K respectively compared to control sample. SEM images show promising surface properties improvement of the electrodeposited RCF which have been subjected to pre-treatment.
Early warning system on flood hazard in river flow area based on radio frequency
Authors: Finawan A , Tahir R , Eliyani E , Fauziah A , Jannifar A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Aceh Province is rich with river flow attractions, and foreign tourists who use the location as a tourist spot for bathing or to enjoy the cool and peaceful natural scenery. These tourism objects often experience sudden flooding in the event of high intensity rain in the upper mountains of the river. Flooding can be caused enormous harm to humans both property losses and loss of life. These problems need to be pursued with a number of steps including measuring the signs of flooding upstream, sending information on signs of flooding from upstream to tourist attractions, and building an Early Warning System (EWS) for flood hazards. This system consists of two parts, namely the flood level detector that was applied in the upstream part of the river and the delivery section of river status information in the form of a siren alarm and an appeal through loudspeakers. Information conveyed to tourists in form by loudspeaker that visitor have to be careful and danger. Flood status was sent to the recipient system in the river flow of tourism area by using radio frequency. The ultrasonic sensors were used to detect the distance of the water surface of the river to the sensor up to 300 cm. The frequency radio can transmit data in the range of 550 m. River status was stated in 3 statuses, namely danger, standby and normal with the distance of the sensor to the water surface of each less than 260 cm, less than 275 cm and more than 275 cm. This system has been tested and can work well as a EWS to avoid properties losses and fatalities. A critical finding about this study is EWS could be adopted by a method using flood level detector and siren alarm.
Effectiveness of die hole on wood pellet density quality improvement
Authors: Ginting Arifin , Mawardi I , Jannifar A , Semaun Hasyim Sariyusda , Razali Anzieb Mawardi 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The characteristics of wood pellets determine the quality of the formation process determines the characteristics produced. One of the process variables was the hole in the die. The aim of the study was to increase the density value of wood pellets by modifying the hole with a slope angle of 450. The method of this study started from modifying the hole by making taper shapes on the hole of the surface, raw material preparation, mixing, printing, drying, and analysis stages. Whereas the variation in the administration of tapioca adhesive was carried out differently starting from 10%, 15% and 20% tapioca adhesive. The results showed that the modification of the die shape in this case the die hole from a straight shape to a tapered shape and enlarged at the end of the hole greatly influenced the characteristics of wood pellets, especially in the resulting density value. The characteristics of wood pellets produced in this study that water content ranged from 10.49% - 7.13%, the heating value ranged from 17077-17291 J/g and the density ranged from 0.82 g/cm3 - 0.86 g/cm3.
Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and the Associated Risk of Elevated Blood Pressure: A Cross-sectional Analysis of 3- to 17-Year-Olds in Germany
Authors: Arnold Christine , Ullrich Charlotte , Wensing Michel , Pfinder Manuela 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
As the prevalence of obesity and high blood pressure increases among the population, early action is needed to reduce blood pressure. Certain lifestyles during pregnancy have negative effects resulting in high blood pressure for children and adolescents. Using data from the “German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents” (KiGGS), this study analyzed: (i) the association between low-to-moderate prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) and the risk of increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure and (ii) whether associations were modified by socioeconomic status (SES), prenatal smoke exposure (PSE), and body mass index (BMI) of the children and adolescents.

METHODS
We applied multivariate logistic regression analyses and stratified analyses by SES, PSE, and BMI with cross-sectional data from the KiGGS study (N = 14,253) to examine the association between PAE and prehypertension or hypertension in 3- to 17-year-olds.

RESULTS
Of the surveyed children and adolescents, 13.7% had a systolic prehypertension and 11.5% had a diastolic prehypertension. A further 7.5% were identified as having systolic hypertension and 6.0% diastolic hypertension. In the regression analyses, PAE resulted in a decreased risk of systolic prehypertension (odds ratio [OR]: 0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.70, 0.99) and diastolic prehypertension (OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.98). Risk reductions were not significant in surveyed children and adolescents with hypertension. Interactions between PAE and SES, PSE, and offspring BMI were not significant.

CONCLUSIONS
Contrary to our initial hypothesis, PAE reduces the risk of prehypertension. Animal studies suggest that vasodilation is induced by nitric oxide in small quantities of PAE.
Factors that affect non-independent mate choice
Authors: Scauzillo Ryan C , Ferkin Michael H 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMate choice is generally regarded as an independent event, but a growing body of evidence indicates that it can be influenced by social information provided by conspecifics. This is known as non-independent mate choice. Individuals use information gathered by observing interactions between conspecifics to copy or not copy the mate choice of these conspecifics. In this review, we examine the factors that affect non-independent mate choice and mate choice copying and how it is influenced by social and environmental information that is available to the subject or focal individual. Specifically, we discuss how non-independent mate choice and whether individuals copy the choices of conspecifics can be influenced by factors such as habitat and differences in ecology, mating system and parental care. We focus on the social information provided to the focal animal, the model and the audience. Nearly all studies of non-independent mate choice and mate copying have focused on individuals in species that use visual cues as the source of social information. Nevertheless, we highlight studies that indicate that individuals in some species may use chemical cues and signals as sources of social information that may affect non-independent mate choice and mate copying.
Iron and fecundity among Tsimane’ women of Bolivia
Authors: Miller Elizabeth M , Khalil Maie 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background and objectives
Iron is critical for women’s reproduction, and iron-deficiency anemia is a global health problem for mothers. While public health programs have aimed to correct iron deficiency in reproductive-aged women with supplementation, a small group of studies have shown that too much iron also has negative effects on birth outcomes. We hypothesize that women’s iron levels evolved within a narrow optimum, and predict that hemoglobin (Hb) levels would be associated with women’s fecundity.

Methodology
We used the publicly available, longitudinal Tsimane’ Amazonian Panel Study to test the association between -Hb levels and hazard of having a next birth (a measure of fecundity) among 116 parous, reproductive-aged Tsimane’ women of Bolivia. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to model Hb level and other predictors against the event of next birth across the observation period, which began at each woman’s previous birth.

Results
The higher the Hb level, the lower the hazard of a woman giving birth within the study observation period (hazard ratio=0.82, P = 0.03). However, there was no evidence that low Hb reduced women’s fecundity.

Conclusions and implications
These results demonstrate that high Hb influences women’s fecundity. These results supports the growing body of literature showing that iron metabolism is critical for understanding the evolution of women’s reproduction. More work is needed to determine the evolved optimal range of iron levels for reproductive-aged women.

Lay summary
Lower chance of pregnancy among Tsimane’ women with high Hb levels, suggesting evolved optimal Hb levels in women.
Large diversity in Danish health literacy profiles: perspectives for care of long-term illness and multimorbidity
Authors: Aaby Anna , Beauchamp Alison , O’Hara Jonathan , Maindal Helle T 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Health literacy is an important, modifiable, social determinant of health. This study aims to explore health literacy challenges of people with long-term illness or multimorbidity and provide detailed profiles revealing health literacy strengths and weaknesses within a Danish population.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study among Danish individuals (n = 490), health literacy was assessed using the nine-scale Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ). Using multiple logistic regression and hierarchical cluster analysis, we estimated the association between HLQ scale scores and the likelihood of long-term illness and multimorbidity, and identified socio-demographic and health characteristics related to profiles of health literacy strengths and weaknesses.

Results
An increase in ‘actively managing my health’ and ‘social support for health’ decreased the odds of having a long-term illness [odds ratio, OR 0.53 (0.31–0.9); OR 0.43 (0.24–0.74)] and multimorbidity [OR 0.51 (0.26–0.98); OR 0.33 (0.17–0.62)], respectively. Conversely, an increase in ‘healthcare provider support’ increased the odds of having long-term illness [OR 2.97 (1.78–5.08)] and multimorbidity [OR 2.94 (1.53–5.87)], respectively. Five profiles were identified based on the cluster analysis. Each cluster was characterized by specific health characteristics, e.g. Cluster A by better health status (χ2 = 39.976 (4), P < 0.001) and well-being (χ2 = 28.832 (4), P < 0.001) and Cluster D by poor health status (χ2 = 39.976 (4), P < 0.001) and increased likelihood of long-term illness (χ2 = 18.641 (4), P < 0.001).

Conclusions
The association of health literacy with long-term illness and multimorbidity in combination with the health literacy profiling based on cluster analysis provides a comprehensive needs assessment and a promising starting point for the development of health literacy responsive interventions.
Pathogen suppression by microbial volatile organic compounds in soils
Authors: de Boer Wietse , Li Xiaogang , Meisner Annelein , Garbeva Paolina 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
There is increasing evidence that microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs) play an important role in interactions between microbes in soils. In this minireview, we zoom in on the possible role of mVOCs in the suppression of plant-pathogenic soil fungi. In particular, we have screened the literature to see what the actual evidence is that mVOCs in soil atmospheres can contribute to pathogen suppression. Furthermore, we discuss biotic and abiotic factors that influence the production of suppressive mVOCs in soils. Since microbes producing mVOCs in soils are part of microbial communities, community ecological aspects such as diversity and assembly play an important role in the composition of produced mVOC blends. These aspects have not received much attention so far. In addition, the fluctuating abiotic conditions in soils, such as changing moisture contents, influence mVOC production and activity. The biotic and abiotic complexity of the soil environment hampers the extrapolation of the production and suppressing activity of mVOCs by microbial isolates on artificial growth media. Yet, several pathogen suppressive mVOCs produced by pure cultures do also occur in soil atmospheres. Therefore, an integration of lab and field studies on the production of mVOCs is needed to understand and predict the composition and dynamics of mVOCs in soil atmospheres. This knowledge, together with the knowledge of the chemistry and physical behaviour of mVOCs in soils, forms the basis for the development of sustainable management strategies to enhance the natural control of soil-borne pathogens with mVOCs. Possibilities for the mVOC-based control of soil-borne pathogens are discussed.