bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Inhibition of the Receptor Tyrosine Kinase AXL Improves Sensitivity to Platinum and Taxane in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Quinn Jeanne M. , Greenwade Molly M. , Palisoul Marguerite L. , Opara Gregory , Massad Katina , Guo Lei , Zhao Peinan , Beck-Noia Hollie , Hagemann Ian S. , Hagemann Andrea R. , McCourt Carolyn K. , Thaker Premal H. , Powell Matthew A. , Mutch David G. , Fuh Katherine C. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Ovarian cancer, one of the deadliest malignancies in female cancer patients, is characterized by recurrence and poor response to cytotoxic chemotherapies. Fewer than 30% of patients with resistant disease will respond to additional chemotherapy treatments. This study aims to determine whether and how inhibition of the receptor tyrosine kinase AXL can restore sensitivity to first-line platinum and taxane therapy in ovarian cancer. AXL staining was quantified in a patient tissue microarray and correlated with chemoresponse of patients. We used small hairpin RNAs to knock down AXL expression and the small-molecule inhibitor BGB324 to inhibit AXL and assessed sensitivity of cell lines and primary patient-derived cells to chemotherapy. We quantified platinum accumulation by inductivity-coupled plasma phase mass spectrometry. Finally, we treated chemoresistant patient-derived xenografts with chemotherapy, BGB324, or chemotherapy plus BGB324 and monitored tumor burden. AXL expression was higher in chemoresistant patient tumors and cell lines than in chemosensitive tumors and cell lines. AXL staining significantly predicted chemoresponse. Knockdown and inhibition of AXL dose-dependently improved response to paclitaxel and carboplatin in both cell lines and primary cells. AXL inhibition increased platinum accumulation by 2-fold (*, P &lt; 0.05). In vivo studies indicated that AXL inhibition enhanced the ability of chemotherapy to prevent tumor growth (****, P &lt; 0.0001). AXL contributes to platinum and taxane resistance in ovarian cancer, and inhibition of AXL improves chemoresponse and accumulation of chemotherapy drugs. This study supports continued investigation into AXL as a clinical target.
Medical History and Multiple Sclerosis: A Population-Based Incident Case-Control Study
Authors: Abdollahpour Ibrahim , Lizarraga Alexis A. , Nedjat Saharnaz , Mansournia Mohammad Ali , Weinstock-Guttman Bianca 
Published: November 2018

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Consistent evidence regarding the potential role of medical history in multiple sclerosis (MS) etiology is lacking. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> The association of medical history variables, that is, head injury and 9 autoimmune diseases with MS onset was investigated. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This was a population-based incident case-control study in Iran with 547 incident cases and 1,057 general population controls (August 7, 2013 – February 17, 2015). Multiple logistic regression models were used for estimating the adjusted ORs. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Lifetime history of head trauma was not significantly associated with risk of MS after adjustment for well-known confounders (OR 1.24 [0.93–1.66, <i>p</i> = 0.14]). Similarly, there was no statistically significant association between cumulative numbers of head injury and MS (OR 1.02 [0.90–1.15, <i>p</i> = 0.79]). A history of autoimmune disease did not increase the risk of MS (<i>p</i> &#x3e; 0.1). Similarly, the cumulative number of autoimmune diseases is not significantly associated with the risk of MS (<i>p</i> &#x3e; 0.70). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Lifetime histories of head trauma as well as 9 investigated autoimmune diseases are not associated with increased risk of MS.
Comparison of Observed and Simulated Drop Size Distributions from Large-Eddy Simulations with Bin Microphysics
Authors: Witte Mikael K. , Chuang Patrick Y. , Ayala Orlando , Wang Lian-Ping , Feingold Graham 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Two case studies of marine stratocumulus (one nocturnal and drizzling, the other daytime and nonprecipitating) are simulated by the UCLA large-eddy simulation model with bin microphysics for comparison with aircraft in situ observations. A high-bin-resolution variant of the microphysics is implemented for closer comparison with cloud drop size distribution (DSD) observations and a turbulent collision–coalescence kernel to evaluate the role of turbulence on drizzle formation. Simulations agree well with observational constraints, reproducing observed thermodynamic profiles (i.e., liquid water potential temperature and total moisture mixing ratio) as well as liquid water path. Cloud drop number concentration and liquid water content profiles also agree well insofar as the thermodynamic profiles match observations, but there are significant differences in DSD shape among simulations that cause discrepancies in higher-order moments such as sedimentation flux, especially as a function of bin resolution. Counterintuitively, high-bin-resolution simulations produce broader DSDs than standard resolution for both cases. Examination of several metrics of DSD width and percentile drop sizes shows that various discrepancies of model output with respect to the observations can be attributed to specific microphysical processes: condensation spuriously creates DSDs that are too wide as measured by standard deviation, which leads to collisional production of too many large drops. The turbulent kernel has the greatest impact on the low-bin-resolution simulation of the drizzling case, which exhibits greater surface precipitation accumulation and broader DSDs than the control (quiescent kernel) simulations. Turbulence effects on precipitation formation cannot be definitively evaluated using bin microphysics until the artificial condensation broadening issue has been addressed.
The Work of the British Ship Research Association, with Particular Reference to the Design and Construction of Mammoth Tankers, Bulk Carriers, and Fast Container Ships
Authors: Hurst R. 
Published: November 2018

The range of sizes and duties of merchant ships is now so wide that applied research has to be directed to solving the particular problems of those ships which make up the majority of those at present on order, and where the technology is developing very rapidly, i.e. the very large wet and dry bulk carriers, and the fast cellular container ships. It is perhaps surprising that rather similar problems have arisen for such dissimilar looking ships; in hydrodynamics, concerning flow around new hull forms, particularly at bow and stern; in vibrations and stresses induced by the waves and by the uneven flow into the propeller; and in refined structural analysis required by the new complex configurations and sizes. The high capital cost of such ships has led to greater attention being paid to engineering economics and to better integration of the design and production processes, where the computer is already making a significant contribution. The productivity of the shipyards is also being improved by the introduction of flow line production in the steelworking shops, using special numerically controlled machines, semi-automatic welding, and improved inspection. Future work is being focused on the problems of assembly on the berth and building dock, and on fitting out the machinery and services. The work is challenging, not only because of the tough economic climate in which shipping and shipbuilding operate, both nationally and internationally, but also because the scientific, technological and practical aspects are so much interwoven in all the work, ranging from difficult mathematical theory through model experiments to measurements on full-scale ships.
Nasa's Second Decade in Space
Authors: Manganiello E. J. 
Published: November 2018

Since its creation in 1958, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration has fostered new knowledge in virtually every field of science, shared the adventure of exploring the Moon with millions of people, and produced technology of lasting value here on Earth. Many new benefits will be harvested from space in the bold but balanced programme envisioned for the 1970s. From the vantage point of Earth orbit, satellites will further refine our knowledge of the Earth. Space physics spacecraft will study the atmosphere, ionosphere and magnetosphere, as well as the influence of solar activity, to provide an accurate model of our planet. New generations of weather satellites will move us toward global forecasts two weeks in advance, and eventually weather control. Earth resources technology satellites will provide a new capability for detecting blighted crops and forests, managing our waterways, and discovering new mineral resources. More advanced communications satellites will benefit the world community, including the illiterate of the developing nations. In this decade, unmanned spacecraft will be sent to the far reaches of the solar system. Probes will provide a first look at Mercury, the Asteroid Belt, Jupiter, and will orbit and softland on Mars to look for life. Activity in the manned spaceflight programme, while without the dramatic focus of a Moon landing of the last decade, will encompass several exciting new programmes such as Skylab, the first experimental space station; and the Space Shuttle, a re-usable booster and orbiter planned for a variety of uses.
Planning a Range of Centrifugal Pumps Based on Cost Analysis and Using Computer Aid
Authors: McAree P. 
Published: November 2018

A number of authors, e.g. Peck (1)† and Wood and Marlow (2), have recently presented papers considering, in detail, specific phases in the design of centrifugal pumps. This paper, which is intended to be complementary to those papers, presents an analytical method for planning a range of centrifugal pumps based on a cost analysis of the models in the range. The method, which seeks to determine the number, size and spacing of the models to cover the specified, continuous range of duties, is based on adequate performance of each of the models in the range at minimum production cost for the total number of units to be produced. To show that meaningful results can be obtained by using this method, a numerical example is presented. The method is applied to the planning of a range of centrifugal pumps in which each model operates at constant rotational speed with constant impeller diameter. The Fortran IV digital computer programme used in the solution of this example is included.
Current practice in treating chronic venous disease by Canadian vascular surgeons
Authors: Yang Gary K , Chen Jerry C 
Published: November 2018

Objective To evaluate the practice patterns and interests of vascular surgeons in Canada in the treatment of chronic venous disorder. Methods A web-based 19-question survey was sent to 155 active members of the Canadian Society for Vascular Surgery. Questions assessed training background, interest in venous disease, practice site, venous treatments offered, and obstacles to therapy. Results A total of 64 responses (41%) were acquired. Respondents were roughly equal from academic (55%) and community (45%) sites with an even distribution of years in practice. Only 43% offered full range of therapy, which includes compression stockings, sclerotherapy, vein surgery, and endovenous ablation. The main challenges hindering venous practice include lack of time due to overwhelming arterial pathologies (67%), equipment cost/office space limitations (53%), and lack of knowledge or skills in contemporary procedures (28%). The majority of surgeons felt that their residency and fellowship did not prepare them for an active venous practice (69%). Fifty-four percent of the respondents perceived barriers in getting venous ultrasound imaging for their patients. Only 19% of the surgeons find venous disease interesting. Characteristics of these interested surgeons were analyzed and found to be very different from surgeons who did not expressed interest. An overwhelming 92% of all respondents believe that vascular surgeons should be leaders in delivering care for venous disease. Conclusion The treatment of chronic venous disorder has advanced over the last few decades but significant obstacles exist for Canadian surgeons to deliver venous therapy in accordance with current guidelines.
Time to systemic treatment and prognosis in patients with recurrent and metastatic head and neck squamous cell cancer
Authors: Siano Marco , Espeli Vittoria , Joerger Markus 
Published: November 2018

Background: Delay of systemic treatment in recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell cancer (r/mHNSCC) has never been assessed. Whether time span to start systemic treatment affects survival and whether referral to a medical oncologist is important has not been explored. Methods: We analyzed our head and neck database to assess the prognostic impact of time between diagnosis of r/mHNSCC and start of systemic treatment (time to treatment [TTT]). Secondarily, we assessed the prognostic impact of time to referral to a medical oncologist (referral time). For this purpose, we used pairwise correlation analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis as statistical tests. Results: A total of 110 patients with r/mHNSCC were evaluable for analysis. TTT correlated significantly with OS from r/mHNSCC diagnosis ( R = 0.43, p < 0.0001). A nonsignificant, positive correlation was found between referral time and OS ( R = 0.17, p = 0.10). Conclusions: Results of this retrospective analysis suggest that longer TTT is not associated with worse prognosis. Referral time seems not to have an impact on prognosis.
Suture Button Versus Syndesmotic Screw for Syndesmosis Injuries: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Shimozono Yoshiharu , Hurley Eoghan T. , Myerson C. Lucas , Murawski Christopher D. , Kennedy John G. 
Published: November 2018

Background: Operative treatment is indicated for unstable syndesmosis injuries, and approximately 20% of all ankle fractures require operative fixation for syndesmosis injuries. Purpose: To perform a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials evaluating clinical outcomes between suture button (SB) and syndesmotic screw (SS) fixation techniques for syndesmosis injuries of the ankle. Study Design: Meta-analysis. Methods: A literature search was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines to identify randomized controlled trials comparing the SB and SS techniques for syndesmosis injuries. Level of evidence was assessed per the criteria of the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. Statistical analysis was performed with RevMan, and a P value ≤.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Five clinical studies were identified, allowing comparison of 143 patients in the SB group with 142 patients in the SS group. Patients treated with the SB technique had a higher postoperative American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society score at a mean 20.8 months (95.3 vs 86.7, P < .001). The SB group resulted in a lower rate of broken implants (0.0% vs 25.4%, P < .001), implant removal (6.0% vs 22.4%, P = .01), and joint malreduction (0.8% vs 11.5%, P = .05) as compared with the SS group. Conclusion: The SB technique results in improved functional outcomes as well as lower rates of broken implant and joint malreduction. Based on the findings of this meta-analysis, the SB technique warrants a grade A recommendation by comparison with the SS technique for the treatment of syndesmosis injuries.
On conducting an ongoing large staff group in a psychiatric hospital
Authors: Peleg Ido , Joffe Milstein Marit 
Published: November 2018

A psychiatric hospital is an environment designed to help people to recover from a mental crisis. While an atmosphere of acceptance and open communication is conductive to that aim, institutional milieu is usually full of misunderstanding, conflict, projection and paranoia. An ongoing large analytic group, available to all hospital members of staff, can help to contain these tensions while facilitating an open dialogue and a reflective stance within the organization. In this article, we present the development and principles of conducting such a group. It has been running for five years. It meets once a month and includes clinicians, administrators and management. Participation is voluntary. It is conducted by two co-conductors, one a member of the hospital staff, and the other not. Group dynamics including power relations, different professional languages and different worldviews are discussed. These include the dynamics of watching and being watched, displayed in the group and the two conductors.
Therapeutic semi-safe space in group analysis
Authors: Berman Avi 
Published: November 2018

People come to group analysis knowing that the group is not completely safe. They choose to join an unknown, and in many respects unpredictable and challenging, interpersonal environment. ‘Semi-Safe space’ in group analysis is a co-created, basically safe and mutually accepted infrastructure, with the mutually recognized challenge of being and communicating in an unexpected and not fully protected environment. The group’s semi-safe space represents one of the main advantages of group psychotherapy if handled professionally. Group analysis is a potential space in which minds may be created and develop through mutual interaction, which is sometimes inevitably turbulent and experienced as unsafe. On the other hand, excessive ‘unsafety’ might destroy the boundaries of the psychotherapeutic domain and become harmful or even traumatic. It is the conductor’s crucial responsibility to create initial safety in the group. He can contribute to the participants’ sense of safety by exercising some authority in stating those boundaries and opposing any deviation from them. This contract is based on reciprocity and exchange: protecting the safety of one participant in the group is equivalent to protecting the safety of the others. Mutual risk-taking produces safety while its lack intensifies doubt and fear.
Eat, Pray, Move: A Pilot Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial of a Multilevel Church-Based Intervention to Address Obesity Among African Americans and Latinos
Authors: Derose Kathryn P. , Williams Malcolm V. , Flórez Karen R. , Griffin Beth Ann , Payán Denise D. , Seelam Rachana , Branch Cheryl A. , Hawes-Dawson Jennifer , Mata Michael A. , Whitley Margaret D. , Wong Eunice C. 
Published: November 2018

Purpose: To implement a multilevel, church-based intervention with diverse disparity populations using community-based participatory research and evaluate feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness in improving obesity-related outcomes. Design: Cluster randomized controlled trial (pilot). Setting: Two midsized (∼200 adults) African American baptist and 2 very large (∼2000) Latino Catholic churches in South Los Angeles, California. Participants: Adult (18+ years) congregants (n = 268 enrolled at baseline, ranging from 45 to 99 per church). Intervention: Various components were implemented over 5 months and included 2 sermons by pastor, educational handouts, church vegetable and fruit gardens, cooking and nutrition classes, daily mobile messaging, community mapping of food and physical activity environments, and identification of congregational policy changes to increase healthy meals. Measures: Outcomes included objectively measured body weight, body mass index (BMI), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), plus self-reported overall healthiness of diet and usual minutes spent in physical activity each week; control variables include sex, age, race–ethnicity, English proficiency, education, household income, and (for physical activity outcome) self-reported health status. Analysis: Multivariate linear regression models estimated the average effect size of the intervention, controlling for pair fixed effects, a main effect of the intervention, and baseline values of the outcomes. Results: Among those completing follow-up (68%), the intervention resulted in statistically significantly less weight gain and greater weight loss (−0.05 effect sizes; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.06 to −0.04), lower BMI (−0.08; 95% CI = −0.11 to −0.05), and healthier diet (−0.09; 95% CI = −0.17 to −0.00). There was no evidence of an intervention impact on BP or physical activity minutes per week. Conclusion: Implementing a multilevel intervention across diverse congregations resulted in small improvements in obesity outcomes. A longer time line is needed to fully implement and assess effects of community and congregation environmental strategies and to allow for potential larger impacts of the intervention.
Exploring the role of excess fluoride in chronic kidney disease: A review
Authors: Dharmaratne RW 
Published: November 2018

This review covers nearly 100 years of studies on the toxicity of fluoride on human and animal kidneys. These studies reveal that there are direct adverse effects on the kidneys by excess fluoride, leading to kidney damage and dysfunction. With the exception of the pineal gland, the kidney is exposed to higher concentrations of fluoride than all other soft tissues. Therefore, exposure to higher concentrations of fluoride could contribute to kidney damage, ultimately leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Among major adverse effects on the kidneys from excessive consumption of fluoride are immediate effects on the tubular area of the kidneys, inhibiting the tubular reabsorption; changes in urinary ion excretion by the kidneys disruption of collagen biosynthesis in the body, causing damages to the kidneys and other organs; and inhibition of kidney enzymes, affecting the functioning of enzyme pathways. This review proposes that there is a direct correlation between CKD and the consumption of excess amounts of fluoride. Studies particularly show immediate adverse effects on the tubular area of human and animal kidneys leading to CKD due to the consumption of excess fluoride. Therefore, it is very important to conduct more investigations on toxicity studies of excess fluoride on the human kidney, including experiments using human kidney enzymes, to study more in depth the impact of excess fluoride on the human kidney. Further, the interference of excess fluoride on collagen synthesis in human body and its effect on human kidney should also be further investigated.
Rate of Anastomotic Leakage After Rectal Anastomosis Depends on the Definition: Pelvic Abscesses are Significant
Authors: Olsen B. C. , Sakkestad S. T. , Pfeffer F. , Karliczek A. 
Published: November 2018

Background and Aims: The International Study Group of Rectal Cancer has proposed that a pelvic abscess in the proximity of the anastomosis is considered an anastomotic leak, whether or not its point of origin is detectable. This study describes how the inclusion of pelvic abscesses alters the leakage rate. Material and Methods: Risk factors and postoperative complications in patients with visible anastomotic leakage (“direct leakage”), pelvic abscesses alone in the vicinity of a visibly intact anastomosis (“abscess leakage”), and no leakage were retrospectively evaluated. Results: In total, 341 patients operated with anterior resections and who received an anastomosis within 15 cm as measured from the anal verge were included. A total of 37 patients (10.9%) had direct leakage, 13 (3.8%) had abscess leakage, and 291 (85.3%) had no leakage. The overall anastomotic leakage rate was 14.7% (50 patients). In accordance with the grading system outlined by International Study Group of Rectal Cancer, 7 patients (2.1%) experienced Grade A leakage, 19 (5.6%) Grade B, and 24 (7.0%) Grade C. Direct leak patients had more often a reoperation due to anastomotic complications (odds ratio = 19.7, p = 0.001), a permanent stoma (odds ratio = 28.5, p = 0.001), and a longer hospital stay than abscess leak patients (29.0 vs 15.5 days, p = 0.030). Conclusion: Abscess leakage accounted for over one-fourth of the overall leakage rate, raising the leakage rate. Direct leak patients were at a higher risk of requiring a reoperation, permanent stoma, and longer hospital stay than abscess leak patients. Abscess leak patients were at a greater risk for a urinary tract infection, wound infection, and postoperative intestinal obstruction than non-leak patients.