bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of cis‐1,4 polyisoprene composites reinforced with well‐dispersed silica/carbon black promoted by silica‐rubber hydrogen‐bonding
Authors: Sun Shurui , Tang Fuming , Gong Dirong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSilica is known to be an indispensable ingredient for fuel‐saving tires; however, it has a high tendency to aggregate when compounded with rubber due to component incompatibility. Incorporating hydrophilic groups into hydrophobic rubber would be a promising approach. In the present work, hydroxyl‐modified polyisoprene with high cis‐1,4 regularity (95.3%–97.1%) and controlled functional fraction (0.5 mol‐%‐28.4 mol‐%) was synthesized via neodymium‐catalyzed coordination‐insertion copolymerization of hydroxyl myrcene with isoprene. Polyisoprene composites reinforced with a hybrid filler of silica and black carbon were then fabricated. Intrinsically promoted filler dispersion in the rubber was enabled through the formation of hydrogen‐bonding between the filler and rubber, verified by variable‐temperature FT‐IR, atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). This interaction is critical to achieving superior integrated properties similar to natural rubber, including stronger tensile strength (25.0 MPa), improved toughness (elongation at break of 1343%), enhanced wet‐skid resistance (tan δ of 0.18), increased rebound resilience, and reduced heat buildup and abrasion. The developed fabrication route offers a feasible solution for constructing well‐dispersed silica‐reinforced composites applicable to energy‐saving green tires.Highlights
Hydroxyl‐functionalized essential cis‐1,4 polyisoprene was synthesized.
Hydroxyl functionality reached up to 28.4 mol‐% incorporation.
Well‐dispersed silica/carbon black‐filled rubber composites were fabricated.
Hydrogen‐bonding promoted silica‐rubber compatibility.
The vulcanizates displayed superior integrated mechanical properties.
Expanding the Impact of New Cystic Fibrosis Therapies in Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries
Authors: Kerem Eitan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundCystic fibrosis (CF) primarily affects Caucasian populations, with the highest prevalence in countries like Ireland, the UK, Australia, and Canada. Despite significant improvements in survival, pulmonary insufficiency remains the leading cause of death. Factors such as nutrition, chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PsA) infection, genotype, pancreatic status, and cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes affect pulmonary function across age groups.ObjectiveThis review examines disparities in CF care and outcomes between high‐income countries (HICs) and low‐income countries (LICs), focusing on the impact of CFTR modulators like Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor (ETI) and challenges in accessing care in LICs.MethodsData from the European CF Society Patient Registry and studies on CF outcomes across regions were reviewed to assess survival trends, pulmonary function, and infection rates among people with CF (pwCF). The effects of CFTR modulator therapies, particularly for F508del carriers, were also evaluated.ResultsIn HICs, improvements in survival rates and pulmonary function have been noted, especially with the use of CFTR modulators like ETI. However, in LICs, challenges like limited access to therapies, delayed diagnosis, poor nutrition, and high PsA infection rates lead to poorer outcomes. In regions with fewer F508del carriers, access to care and medications is further limited, exacerbating disparities.ConclusionAlthough CF treatment advancements have improved outcomes in many pwCF, these benefits are not evenly distributed globally. Efforts to improve CF care in LICs, such as increasing awareness, ensuring access to therapies, and establishing specialized clinics, are essential to bridging this gap.
Comparison of laser diffractometry and pipetting methods for particle size determination: A pilot study on the implications of result discrepancies on soil classification
Authors: Tomášová Gabriela , Paseka Stanislav , Bajer Aleš 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn recent decades, the determination of particle size distribution (PSD) using the laser diffraction method (LDM) has become increasingly common, supplanting traditional sedimentation techniques. Advances in everything from sample preparation to software settings have been realized globally, whether through recommendations from laser diffraction (LD) manufacturers or through user experiences. These developments seek to enhance accuracy and diminish the uncertainties associated with new methodologies. Particularly in the determination of PSD using LDM on various LD instruments and in comparison with the sieve–pipette method (SPM), discrepancies in PSD frequently arise. This article aims to mitigate these discrepancies by predefining parameters, specifically through the adjustment of LD software settings and sample preparation (employing a uniform set of dispersed samples in potassium hydroxide) on two widely used LD instruments for soil measurements: Mastersizer 3000 and Analysette 22. Additionally, these samples were analyzed using the traditional SPM (ISO 11277, 1998), with the results from LDM and SPM subsequently compared. The paper also explores the impact, range of user options, and limitations of predefined software settings on both LD instruments. Eighty soil samples were analyzed for PSD, collected from arable land in the cadastral area of Hrušky, district of Břeclav (Czech Republic), in spring 2022, from depths of 0‐ to 10‐cm and 10‐ to 20‐cm. Significant differences in PSD were confirmed, although the trends of the grain size distribution curves were very similar to those of LDM. Results from the Mastersizer underestimated the clay fraction by an average of 17% compared to SPM, at the expense of the sand fraction, whereas the silt fraction was underestimated by a maximum of 4%. Conversely, Analysette 22 overestimated the silt fraction by an average of 37% at the expense of the sand fraction, confirming only a slight difference in the clay fraction: 3%. Moreover, the quantity of sample entering the dispersion unit was identified as a significant issue when comparing LD instruments, despite the obscuration value being nearly identical, that is, 20%–30%. Therefore, it was not possible to achieve the same or similar weight when introducing suspension into circulation. The robustness of the obtained results underscores the importance of understanding input parameters when interpreting results between different methods.
Enhanced Electrostatic Dust Removal from Solar Panels Using Transparent Conductive Nano‐Textured Surfaces
Authors: Dickhardt Fabian J. , Panat Sreedath , Varanasi Kripa K. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDust accumulation on solar panels is a mjor operational challenge faced by the photovoltaic industry. Removing dust using water‐based cleaning is expensive and unsustainable. Dust repulsion via charge induction is an efficient way to clean solar panels and recover power output without consuming any water. However, it is still challenging to remove particles of ≈30 µm and smaller because Van der Waals force of adhesion dominates electrostatic force of repulsion. Here, the study proposes nano‐textured, transparent, electrically conductive glass surfaces to significantly enhance electrostatic dust removal for particles smaller than ≈30 µm. We perform atomic force microscopy pull‐off force experiments and demonstrates that nano‐textured surfaces reduce the force of adhesion of silica micro‐particles by up to 2 orders of magnitude compared to un‐textured surfaces from 460 to 8.6 nN. We show that reduced adhesion on nano‐textured surfaces results in significantly better dust removal of small particles compared to non‐textured or micro‐textured surfaces, reducing the surface coverage from 35% to 10%. We fabricate transparent, electrically conductive, nano‐textured glass that can be retrofitted on solar panel surfaces using copper nano‐mask based scalable nano‐fabrication technique and shows that 90% of lost power output for particles smaller than ≈10 µm can be recovered.
A structured simulation‐based mastery learning curriculum in chest tube insertion results in superior skills compared to traditional training programs
Authors: De Mol Leander , Van Herzeele Isabelle , Van de Voorde Patrick , Vanommeslaeghe Hanne , Konge Lars , Desender Liesbeth , Willaert Wouter 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundChest tube insertions (CTI) have a high complication rate, warranting a dedicated Simulation‐Based Mastery Learning (SBML) curriculum to acquire technical skills. This randomized controlled trial compares residents' skills in CTI after completing a SBML curriculum with those enrolled in a traditional residency program.MethodsJunior residents were baseline tested on cognitive and technical skills (Thiel bodies) before randomization into an intervention and control group. The former deliberately trained CTI on a porcine rib model until passing a predefined pass/fail score and were then summatively tested on Thiel bodies. The latter had no additional training opportunities and was evaluated 3 months later.ResultsSeventeen residents were recruited and randomized. Following the per‐protocol principle, a significant interaction effect for Group × Procedure (F(1,14) = 6.2, p = 0.026) was observed. Between baseline and summative assessment, both the control group (28.0 ± 8.2 vs. 43.6 ± 8.1, p < 0.001) and the intervention group (33.2 ± 7.7 vs. 57.6 ± 5.7, p < 0.001) significantly increased their scores. The intervention group outperformed the control group at summative assessment (43.6 ± 8.1 vs. 57.6 ± 5.7, p < 0.001). All participants in the intervention group and one resident in the control group achieved the pass/fail score.ConclusionThis SBML curriculum enabled quicker and superior skill acquisition. Skills trained on a porcine model are transferred to the highly realistic Thiel bodies and reach expert level, potentially increasing resident skill in clinical practice.
ESA Mission Publications and Their Impact
Authors: De Marchi Guido , Parmar Arvind 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe examine over 68,000 refereed publications based on data from 25 missions in the ESA Science Programme and 11 additional missions in which ESA is involved as a junior partner. The publications cover the fields of astronomy, planetary science, and heliophysics and are spread over almost 50 years, spanning the period between the year a mission was launched and the end of 2021. We study the number of papers as a function of time and the evolution of several metrics, including citations and other indices. We also investigate the geographical distribution of the authors, and for ESA Member States we correlate the various indices with the level of financial contribution of the individual countries to the ESA Science Programme. We find that in general the involvement of the scientific communities in the various Member States follows the distribution expected from the countries’ gross domestic products, with communities in some fields and countries, both large and small, being particularly effective at turning data into scientific discoveries. We also analyse the differences between papers written by investigators directly involved in the provision of the payloads or in the definition of the scientific projects and those written by other scientists not directly involved in the process. We find that the latter, the so-called “archival papers”, represent more than 50% of the literature based on data from ESA Space Science missions, and have a similar impact on the literature in the respective fields, as judged by the number of citations. This highlights the importance of sharing and preserving the scientific data produced by the missions.
XMM-Newton Observing Time Proposals
Authors: Parmar Arvind , Schartel Norbert , Santos-Lleó Maria 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe examine the outcomes of the regular announcements of observing opportunities for ESA’s X-ray observatory XMM-Newton issued between 2001 and 2021. We investigate how success rates vary with the lead proposer’s gender, “academic age” and the country where the proposer’s institute is located. The large number of proposals (10,579) and more than 20 years operational lifetime enable the evolution of community proposing for XMM-Newton to be examined. We determine proposal success rates for high-priority and all proposals using both the numbers of accepted proposals and the amounts of awarded observing time. We find that male lead proposers are between 5–15% more successful than their female counterparts in obtaining XMM-Newton observations. The gender balance and the percentage of successful young proposers are comparable to those of HST after the introduction of dual-anonymous reviewing of HST proposals. We investigate potential correlations between the female-led proposal success rates and the amount of female participation in the Time Allocation Committee. We propose additional investigations to better understand the outcomes presented here.
The meso- and bathypelagic cephalopod fauna of the Gully submarine canyon
Authors: Shea Elizabeth K. , Kenchington Trevor J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFour midwater-trawl surveys were conducted during the summers of 2007–2009 and the spring of 2010 to document the meso- and bathypelagic biodiversity of the Gully canyon. These surveys collected 3871 cephalopods of at least 38 species in 22 families. The numerically dominant 13 species and one genus together comprised 90% of the total taken in standard survey sets. Each of those taxa uses the Gully in a different way, including within-family differences for the two cranchids and two mastigoteuthids. Oegopsids of note include Brachioteuthis beanii, which was the most abundant species in summer but entirely absent in March. The cirrate octopod Stauroteuthis syrtensis was collected in large numbers (n = 142) and a wide range of sizes (9–185 mm) suggesting it may complete its life cycle within the canyon. These results expand understanding of the trophic structure in the Gully and establish a baseline for future monitoring of ecosystem change.
Multi-physics simulation study of magnetic shielding on hypersonic vehicles
Authors: Greenslade Thomas J. , Chinnappan Arun Kumar , Kim Minkwan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe renewed interest in hypersonic flights due to NASA’s Artemis program has brought fresh attention to the physical challenges of reusable thermal protection systems. The need to enhance the reliability of hypersonic and re-entry vehicles has sharply focused on the limitations of our current comprehension of thermo-chemical non-equilibrium flows and our limited predictive capabilities. This paper presents the work carried out by the University of Southampton and our consortium partners within the MEESST collaboration. This project is currently involved in both numerical and experimental research to develop magnetic shielding techniques for atmospheric re-entry vehicles. These techniques aim to offer additional approaches for mitigating both impinging heat loads and communication blackout. Herein, we present the results of multi-physics simulations conducted with the University of Southampton’s HANSA toolkit, along with comparisons, both experimental and numerical, produced by our consortium partners. These encompass simulations of multiple capsules undergoing atmospheric re-entry and simulations of ground-based experimental campaigns. We give particular attention to the effects of thermo-chemical non-equilibrium and MHD modelling. We illustrate the impacts of various mathematical models on the results obtained, with a strong emphasis on mission-critical parameters such as surface heat fluxes and electron densities. We also present conclusions regarding the implications of these results on magnetic shielding designs. Lastly, we offer an overview of current knowledge gaps in areas crucial to MEESST and lay out plans for future simulations and experiments, both within the MEESST project and beyond.
Influence of surface integrity on short crack growth behavior in HFMI-treated welded joints
Authors: Ono Y. , Remes H. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the influence of surface integrity and the localized fatigue phenomena on the initiation and propagation of short fatigue cracks in high-frequency mechanical impact (HFMI)-treated welded joints. The treated surface region, characterized by a compressive residual stress field, smooth notch geometry, and work hardening layer, improves welded joints’ fatigue strength. However, how these surface conditions influence the fatigue damage process zone during short crack initiation and growth is not yet well known. Therefore, this study systematically investigates the influence of different surface characteristics on fatigue life modeling of HFMI-treated welded joints made of high-strength steel. This is achieved using a non-local continuum damage mechanics-based approach of crack growth and elastic–plastic finite element simulation, explicitly modeling treated surface conditions. The simulated fatigue life is first verified with experiments and then applied to various surface conditions. The simulation results show that most of the fatigue life is spent until a crack size of 0.2 mm. The compressive residual stress field greatly extends both short crack initiation and propagation life, with its degree of contribution highly dependent on loading history and residual stress change. The role of the work hardening layer is mainly concentrated on improving fatigue life during short crack initiation and the very beginning of short crack growth.
Mut zur Lücke? Impfstatus von Beschäftigten in der arbeitsmedizinischen Vorsorge
Authors: Jungbluth Michael , Otte Nelly , Kaifie Andrea , Kraus Thomas , Krabbe Julia 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung

Einleitung
Umfassende Erhebungen zeigen Impflücken bei allen für Erwachsene empfohlenen Standardimpfungen in Deutschland. Arbeitsmedizinische Vorsorge könnte dazu beitragen, diese Impflücken zu schließen.

Methoden
Die ärztliche Impfdokumentation von 5999 arbeitsmedizinischen Vorsorgen wurde retrospektiv untersucht. Bei 1126 Beschäftigten mit einer arbeitsmedizinischen Vorsorge für Tätigkeiten mit biologischen Arbeitsstoffen (Infektionsgefährdung) und bei 184 Beschäftigten mit anderen Vorsorgeanlässen, wurden die Impfquoten für Tetanus, Diphtherie, Poliomyelitis, Pertussis und Masern ausgewertet. Als mögliche Einflussfaktoren wurden Geschlecht, Alter, Wirtschaftszweig und sozioökonomische Position (SEP) erfasst.

Ergebnisse
In der Analyse von 1310 Beschäftigten aus 47 Betrieben zeigten sich bei 73,1 % Impflücken für die Standardimpfungen. Der Anlass der Vorsorge hatte keinen Einfluss auf die Impfquoten. Für Beschäftigte wurde die Impfquote im Impfpass für Tetanus von Geschlecht und Wirtschaftszweig beeinflusst und für Masern vornehmlich vom Alter. Die sozioökonomische Position hatte keinen direkten Einfluss auf den Impfstatus. Insgesamt wurde für alle Standardimpfungen ein Impfbedarf festgestellt.

Diskussion
Vom Impfpass ausgehend, zeigte sich eine erhebliche Impflücke, die im betriebsärztlichen Setting unabhängig vom Vorsorgeanlass geschlossen werden könnte. Dafür sollte jeder betriebsärztliche Kontakt genutzt werden. Da es Hinweise auf eine unvollständige Dokumentation bereits durchgeführter Impfungen gab, scheint sich der Aufwand für eine elektronische Dokumentation zu lohnen, um den Immunstatus und somit den Impfbedarf valide und lückenlos erfassen zu können. In Kombination mit einer sektorenübergreifenden Zugänglichkeit könnten so unnötige Impfungen vermieden werden.
Exploring key stakeholders’ perspectives on integrating the EU AI Act with the MDR for certifying AI medical devices
Authors: Balogun Edmund , Dcosta Dion , Boch Auxane , Luetge Christoph 
Published: December 2024

AbstractArtificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms are transforming healthcare by advancing the capabilities of medical devices. These algorithms can now analyze X-ray images to help detect and interpret medical conditions, particularly in radiology and pathology. The growing use of AI in medicine highlights the importance of strict regulations to prioritize patient safety during the development and deployment of AI in medical devices. Despite extensive research, there are limited empirical studies on stakeholders’ perspectives regarding the challenges of implementing AI regulatory frameworks alongside existing legally binding regulations specific to medical devices. This study uses semi-structured interviews to explore the perspectives of key stakeholders, such as regulatory bodies and medical device manufacturers, to understand the potential implications of integrating the European Union Artificial Intelligence Act with the Medical Device Regulation to certify AI-embedded medical devices. Through inductive-thematic analysis and adopting activity theory to further synthesize the interviews, the findings reveal stakeholders’ challenges, including uncertainty about implementing different regulations, resource limitations, and the potential impact of complex regulations on healthcare quality. Additionally, the results indicate that key stakeholders did not explicitly identify the absence of a comprehensive ethical framework for AI-enabled medical devices in both regulations as a major challenge. This underscores the need to develop a harmonized ethical framework for certifying AI used in healthcare.
Advances in management algorithm in clear cell carcinoma of cervix
Authors: Peng Xuanwei , Xu Dongdong , Lu Huaiwu , Lin Zhongqiu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis comprehensive review critically assesses tailored management strategies for clear cell carcinoma of the cervix (cCCC), an uncommon subtype of cervical adenocarcinomas. A globally prevalent condition, cCCC affects individuals across diverse racial and ethnic groups. Notably, a significant risk factor associated with cCCC is intrauterine exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES), a synthetic estrogen historically prescribed to address pregnancy-related complications.Intriguingly, almost two-thirds of cCCC cases are linked to DES exposure. Studies reveal a notable surge in cCCC incidence among offspring born to women administered DES during pregnancy, with DES-exposed daughters facing a staggering 40-fold higher risk compared to their non-DES-exposed counterparts.Turning to the molecular intricacies of cCCC, gene expressions within this subtype exhibit intriguing parallels with clear cell carcinomas found in the ovary, endometrium, and kidney. Additionally, there is a noteworthy exploration of cervical endometriosis as a potential precursor to cCCC. Molecular pathways, specifically the PI3K/AKT and Hippo pathways, have garnered attention in understanding the pathogenesis of cCCC.From a prognostic standpoint, disparities emerge, with non-DES-related cCCC cases generally exhibiting a grimmer prognosis than their DES-related counterparts. This discrepancy becomes starkly evident in advanced disease stages. Early detection proves crucial, as patients diagnosed in initial stages experience commendable outcomes, markedly superior to those facing advanced or recurrent manifestations. Fertility-preserving treatments are highly endorsed for early-stage patients.Simultaneously, the therapeutic landscape is evolving, with PD-L1 inhibitors gaining prominence as a burgeoning treatment modality, particularly beneficial for those navigating advanced stages of cCCC. Furthermore, the combination of PARP inhibitors (PARPi) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) emerges as a promising and innovative treatment alternative for cCCC.In summary, this review encompasses a detailed exploration of cCCC, spanning risk factors, molecular intricacies, prognostic considerations, early detection strategies, and evolving treatment modalities, presenting a comprehensive understanding of the management approaches tailored for this unique subtype of cervical adenocarcinomas.