bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of trace heavy metals using atmospheric pressure glow discharge by optical emission spectra
Authors: Li Xiao , Yang De‐Zheng , Yuan Hao , Liang Jian‐Ping , Xu Tao , Zhao Zi‐Lu , Zhou Xiong‐Feng , Zhang Li , Wang Wen‐Chun 
Published: June 2019

In this Letter, atmospheric pressure glow discharge based on a small discharge gap is excited by sine AC voltage in air on purpose of detecting trace heavy metal elements in solid samples, which makes the detection limits of trace heavy metal elements reach tens μg/kg. The waveforms of voltage and discharge current, discharge images, plasma gas temperature, and optical emission spectra are obtained to discuss the feasibility of atmospheric pressure glow discharge on detection of trace heavy metals. The formation mechanism of optical emission spectra and the strong emission intensity of heavy metal elements show that energetic electrons and excited metal atoms are easily generated by atmospheric pressure glow discharge. The effects of applied voltage and discharge gap on atmospheric pressure glow discharge are discussed to acquire the optimal experimental conditions. And a smaller discharge gap and applied voltage can restrain the transition from glow discharge to arc discharge. Besides, the limits of detections of Cu and Cd are about 0.0241 and 0.0318 μg/g, respectively, by using atmospheric pressure glow discharge with an applied voltage of 3.8 kV, discharge gap of 3.5 mm, and driving frequency of 10 kHz.
Random sequence encoded waveforms for covert asynchronous communications and radar
Authors: Kellett Daniel , Garmatyuk Dmitriy , Mudaliar Saba , Condict Nahlah , Qualls Isaiah 
Published: June 2019

This work presents a random sequence coding scheme for joint radar‐communication waveforms in scenarios that require a high degree of data covertness. The authors’ goal is to embed the resultant signals in a parameter space of the probability density function of statistical distribution, leading to the samples of the underlying random process being used for waveform construction. The simulated performance shows that an unfriendly interceptor will be penalised significantly compared to an authorised receiver when the SNR is greater than −20 dB. The proposed method is well‐suited for asynchronous, ad‐hoc communications with a high low probability of intercept/low probability of detection potential. The authors also propose an algorithm to improve the performance of thus created communication signals when they are used simultaneously for radar. Experimental results for both communications and radar are also presented.
Grid‐impedance estimation in high‐frequency range with a single signal injection using time–frequency distribution
Authors: AlyanNezhadi Mohammad Mahdi , Hassanpour Hamid , Zare Firuz 
Published: June 2019

Grid impedance is an important parameter in most power system applications such as power quality analysis of smart grids. In this study, a new time–frequency distribution is employed for grid‐impedance estimation in high‐frequency range using a single rectangular pulse injection. There is no compatibility level for harmonics within the frequency range of 2–150 kHz which is the most important issue in the international standardisation committee. Compatibility level is defined based on harmonic emission and immunity levels of grid‐connected equipment. Therefore, knowledge of grid‐impedance characteristics over the frequency range of 2–150 kHz is very important to estimate the level of distortion caused by grid‐connected equipment and defines future regulations and standards. For impedance estimation, a pulse must be injected to the grid, then the current through and voltage at a point of common coupling are measured. The measurement duration must be long enough to consider the transient state. The most appropriate shortest measurement duration is selected from the time–frequency plane using Wiener entropy. Test and simulation results validate the accuracy of the proposed method for grid‐impedance estimation in high‐frequency range.
Magnetic field-induced intermediate quantum spin liquid with a spinon Fermi surface
Authors: Patel Niravkumar D. , Trivedi Nandini 
Published: June 2019

Significance
In a quantum spin liquid, the spins remain disordered down to zero temperature, and yet, it displays topological order that is stable against local perturbations. The Kitaev model with anisotropic interactions on the bonds of a honeycomb lattice is a paradigmatic model for a quantum spin liquid. We explore the effects of a magnetic field and discover an intermediate gapless spin liquid sandwiched between the known gapped Kitaev spin liquid and a polarized phase. We show that the gapless spin liquid harbors fractionalized neutral fermionic excitations, dubbed spinons, that remarkably form a Fermi surface in a charge insulator.
ArabidopsisABCG28 is required for the apical accumulation of reactive oxygen species in growing pollen tubes
Authors: Do Thanh Ha Thi , Choi Hyunju , Palmgren Michael , Martinoia Enrico , Hwang Jae-Ung , Lee Youngsook 
Published: June 2019

SignificanceReactive oxygen species (ROS) are observed at the growing site of directional cell growth in many organisms, including the tip-growing pollen tubes. This work identifies an ABC transporter, AtABCG28, as a critical factor for ROS accumulation at the tip of the growingArabidopsis thalianapollen tube. This function of AtABCG28 is due to its involvement in accumulating secretory vesicles containing polyamines, precursors of ROS, to the growing tip. Thus, this study provides a mechanism underlying the spatial organization of ROS in a single cell, which is mediated by a transporter.
LSD1 destabilizes FBXW7 and abrogates FBXW7 functions independent of its demethylase activity
Authors: Lan Huiyin , Tan Mingjia , Zhang Qiang , Yang Fei , Wang Siyuan , Li Hua , Xiong Xiufang , Sun Yi 
Published: June 2019

Significance
FBXW7 is a typical tumor suppressor by targeting many oncoproteins for ubiquitylation and degradation, whereas LSD1 has oncogenic activity. Whether and how FBXW7 and LSD1 interact, with what biological consequence, are unknown. Here, we report that LSD1 is a pseudosubstrate of FBXW7. Upon binding with FBXW7, LSD1, instead of being degraded, disrupts FBXW7 dimerization and promotes FBXW7 self-ubiquitylation and degradation via proteasome and lysosomal pathways in a manner independent of its demethylase activity. As such, LSD1 abrogates biological functions of FBXW7 in growth suppression, nonhomologous end-joining repair, and radioprotection. Our study reveals a novel oncogenic mechanism of LSD1 by targeting FBXW7 and provides a sound strategy to reactivate FBXW7 by PROTAC-based LSD1 degradation in human cancers harboring wild-type FBXW7 with overexpressed LSD1.
Criminal Incarceration, Statutory Bans on Food Assistance, and Food Security in Extremely Vulnerable Households: Findings from a Partnership with the North Texas Food Bank
Authors: McDonough Ian K. , Millimet Daniel L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLeveraging a unique partnership with the North Texas Food Bank, we are able to collect original survey data from food pantry clients in North Texas to investigate a question that has received little attention due to a lack of data. Specifically, we assess the relationship between criminal incarceration and food security. Our analysis suggests minimal impact of incarceration, broadly defined, on household‐level food security. However, differentiating between drug‐ and non‐drug‐related incarceration, our analysis suggests a positive causal effect of drug‐related incarceration on food security, particularly among U.S. born households. This is consistent with an important role being played by the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) since many states ban participation by former drug offenders. To this end, we document a positive causal effect of incarceration on SNAP participation only among non‐drug related offenders. The results call into question the efficacy of statutory bans on program participation for those reintegrating into society.
Responses of community structure and diversity to nitrogen deposition and rainfall addition in contrasting steppes are ecosystem-dependent and dwarfed by year-to-year community dynamics
Authors: Yang Xuejun , Huang Zhenying , Dong Ming , Ye Xuehua , Liu Guofang , Hu Dandan , Tuvshintogtokh Indree , Tumenjargal Tsogtsaikhan , Cornelissen J Hans C 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background and Aims
Long-term studies to disentangle the multiple, simultaneous effects of global change on community dynamics are a high research priority to forecast future distribution of diversity. Seldom are such multiple effects of global change studied across different ecosystems.

Methods
Here we manipulated nitrogen deposition and rainfall at levels realistic for future environmental scenarios in three contrasting steppe types in Mongolia and followed community dynamics for 7 years.

Key Results
Redundancy analyses showed that community composition varied significantly among years. Rainfall and nitrogen manipulations did have some significant effects, but these effects were dependent on the type of response and varied between ecosystems. Community compositions of desert and meadow steppes, but not that of typical steppe, responded significantly to rainfall addition. Only community composition of meadow steppe responded significantly to nitrogen deposition. Species richness in desert steppe responded significantly to rainfall addition, but the other two steppes did not. Typical steppe showed significant negative response of species richness to nitrogen deposition, but the other two steppes did not. There were significant interactions between year and nitrogen deposition in desert steppe and between year and rainfall addition in typical steppe, suggesting that the effect of the treatments depends on the particular year considered.

Conclusions
Our multi-year experiment thus suggests that responses of community structure and diversity to global change drivers are ecosystem-dependent and that their responses to experimental treatments are dwarfed by the year-to-year community dynamics. Therefore, our results point to the importance of taking annual environmental variability into account for understanding and predicting the specific responses of different ecosystems to multiple global change drivers.
The Potential Role of Corticosteroid Prophylaxis for the Prevention of Microscopic Fat Embolism Syndrome in Gluteal Augmentations
Authors: Safran Tyler , Abi-Rafeh Jad , Alhalabi Becher , Davison Peter G 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
Microscopic fat embolism syndrome (micro-FES) has been recently identified as a potentially fatal complication following gluteal augmentation utilizing autologous fat grafts; safety recommendations advocating for subcutaneous lipo-injections may be insufficient for its prevention.

Objectives
The authors of this systematic review evaluated the potential role of corticosteroid prophylaxis for the prevention of micro-FES in gluteal augmentation procedures.

Methods
The authors performed a systematic search employing the National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Medline, and Embase databases. Search terms were those pertaining to studies reporting the efficacy of prophylactic corticosteroid administration on micro-FES incidence in a high-risk surrogate population.

Results
Thirteen articles met the inclusion criteria for review, comprising 2 studies reporting on the efficacy of a single intravenous (IV) corticosteroid dose for the prophylaxis of micro-FES, 9 studies reporting on multiple prophylactic IV doses, and 2 additional studies reporting on the efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids in this context. All studies were identified from the orthopedic literature given that none were available directly from within plastic surgery. The prophylactic efficacy of multiple IV doses of methylprednisolone, or a single larger dose, was established, whereas the efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids remains elusive.

Conclusions
A single perioperative IV dose of methylprednisolone may be most appropriate for utilization by plastic surgeons; the safety and implication of this therapy on wound healing and fat graft survival are discussed. Further studies directly evaluating the efficacy of corticosteroid prophylaxis in the gluteal augmentation population are indicated. Finally, recommendations pertaining to the prevention, timely recognition, and effective management of micro-FES are discussed.
DepthFinder: a tool to determine the optimal read depth for reduced-representation sequencing
Authors: Torkamaneh Davoud , Laroche Jérôme , Boyle Brian , Belzile François 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMotivationIdentification of DNA sequence variations such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is a fundamental step toward genetic studies. Reduced-representation sequencing methods have been developed as alternatives to whole genome sequencing to reduce costs and enable the analysis of many more individual. Amongst these methods, restriction site associated sequencing (RSAS) methodologies have been widely used for rapid and cost-effective discovery of SNPs and for high-throughput genotyping in a wide range of species. Despite the extensive improvements of the RSAS methods in the last decade, the estimation of the number of reads (i.e. read depth) required per sample for an efficient and effective genotyping remains mostly based on trial and error.ResultsHerein we describe a bioinformatics tool, DepthFinder, designed to estimate the required read counts for RSAS methods. To illustrate its performance, we estimated required read counts in six different species (human, cattle, spruce budworm, salmon, barley and soybean) that cover a range of different biological (genome size, level of genome complexity, level of DNA methylation and ploidy) and technical (library preparation protocol and sequencing platform) factors. To assess the prediction accuracy of DepthFinder, we compared DepthFinder-derived results with independent datasets obtained from an RSAS experiment. This analysis yielded estimated accuracies of nearly 94%. Moreover, we present DepthFinder as a powerful tool to predict the most effective size selection interval in RSAS work. We conclude that DepthFinder constitutes an efficient, reliable and useful tool for a broad array of users in different research communities.Availability and implementationhttps://bitbucket.org/jerlar73/DepthFinderSupplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Success of alignment-free oligonucleotide (k-mer) analysis confirms relative importance of genomes not genes in speciation and phylogeny
Authors: Forsdyke Donald R 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe utility of DNA sequence substrings (k-mers) in alignment-free phylogenetic classification, including that of bacteria and viruses, is increasingly recognized. However, its biological basis eludes many 21st century practitioners. A path from the 19th century recognition of the informational basis of heredity to the modern era can be discerned. Crick’s DNA ‘unpairing postulate’ predicted that recombinational pairing of homologous DNAs during meiosis would be mediated by short k-mers in the loops of stem-loop structures extruded from classical duplex helices. The complementary ‘kissing’ duplex loops – like tRNA anticodon–codon k-mer duplexes – would seed a more extensive pairing that would then extend until limited by lack of homology or other factors. Indeed, this became the principle behind alignment-based methods that assessed similarity by degree of DNA–DNA reassociation in vitro. These are now seen as less sensitive than alignment-free methods that are closely consistent, both theoretically and mechanistically, with chromosomal anti-recombination models for the initiation of divergence into new species. The analytical power of k-mer differences supports the theses that evolutionary advance sometimes serves the needs of nucleic acids (genomes) rather than proteins (genes), and that such differences can play a role in early speciation events.
Systematically characterize the clinical and biological significances of 1p19q genes in 1p/19q non-codeletion glioma
Authors: Chai Rui-Chao , Zhang Ke-Nan , Chang Yu-Zhou , Wu Fan , Liu Yu-Qing , Zhao Zheng , Wang Kuan-Yu , Chang Yuan-Hao , Jiang Tao , Wang Yong-Zhi 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
1p/19q codeletion, which leads to the abnormal expression of 1p19q genes in oligodendroglioma, is associated with chemosensitivity and favorable prognosis. Here, we aimed to explore the clinical implications of 1p19q gene expression in 1p/19q non-codel gliomas. We analyzed expression of 1p19q genes in 668 1p/19q non-codel gliomas obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (n = 447) and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (n = 221) for training and validation, respectively. The expression of 1p19q genes was significantly correlated with the clinicopathological features and overall survival of 1p/19q non-codel gliomas. Then, we derived a risk signature of 25 selected 1p19q genes that not only had prognosis value in total 1p/19q non-codel gliomas but also had prognosis value in stratified gliomas. The prognosis value of the risk signature was superior than known clinicopathological features in 1p/19q non-codel gliomas and was also highly associated with the following features: loss of CDKN2A/B copy number in mutant-IDH-astrocytoma; telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutation, combined chromosome 7 gain/chromosome 10 loss and epidermal growth factor receptor amplification in wild-type-IDH-astrocytoma; classical and mesenchymal subtypes in glioblastoma. Furthermore, genes enriched in the biological processes of cell division, extracellular matrix, angiogenesis significantly correlated to the signature risk score, and this is also supported by the immunohistochemistry and cell biology experiments. In conclusion, the expression profile of 1p19q genes is highly associated with the malignancy and prognosis of 1p/19q non-codel gliomas. A 25-1p19q-gene signature has powerfully predictive value for both malignant molecular pathological features and prognosis across distinct subgroups of 1p/19q non-codel gliomas.
Early Forebrain Neurons and Scaffold Fibers in Human Embryos
Authors: Qin Jingwen , Wang Meizhi , Zhao Tianyun , Xiao Xue , Li Xuejun , Yang Jieping , Yi Lisha , Goffinet Andre M , Qu Yibo , Zhou Libing 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNeural progenitor proliferation, neuronal migration, areal organization, and pioneer axon wiring are critical events during early forebrain development, yet remain incompletely understood, especially in human. Here, we studied forebrain development in human embryos aged 5 to 8 postconceptional weeks (WPC5–8), stages that correspond to the neuroepithelium/early marginal zone (WPC5), telencephalic preplate (WPC6 & 7), and incipient cortical plate (WPC8). We show that early telencephalic neurons are formed at the neuroepithelial stage; the most precocious ones originate from local telencephalic neuroepithelium and possibly from the olfactory placode. At the preplate stage, forebrain organization is quite similar in human and mouse in terms of areal organization and of differentiation of Cajal-Retzius cells, pioneer neurons, and axons. Like in mice, axons from pioneer neurons in prethalamus, ventral telencephalon, and cortical preplate cross the diencephalon–telencephalon junction and the pallial–subpallial boundary, forming scaffolds that could guide thalamic and cortical axons at later stages. In accord with this model, at the early cortical plate stage, corticofugal axons run in ventral telencephalon in close contact with scaffold neurons, which express CELSR3 and FZD3, two molecules that regulates formation of similar scaffolds in mice.
How Do Labor Representatives Affect Incentive Orientation of Executive Compensation?
Authors: Dyballa Katharina , Kraft Kornelius 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Contrary to previous literature we hypothesize that labor’s interest may well—like that of shareholders—aim at securing the long-run survival of the firm. Consequently, employee representatives on the supervisory board could well have an interest in increasing incentive-based compensation to avoid management’s excessive risk taking and short-run oriented decisions. We compile unique panel data on executive compensation over the periods 2006–2011 for 405 listed companies and use a Hausman–Taylor approach to estimate the effect of codetermination on the compensation design. Finally, codetermination has a significantly positive effect on performance-based components of compensation, which supports our hypothesis. (JEL codes: J52, L20, G32, M12, C33)
A First Unexplained Invasive Encapsulated Bacterial Infection in Young Adults Associated With High Mortality and Readmission Rates
Authors: Jackson Niall , Sutton Tommy , Bedford Luke , Ugrinovic Sanja , Kumararatne Dinakantha , Gkrania-Klotsas Effrossyni 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We find that patients &lt;40 years old with a first invasive encapsulated bacterial infection have a high likelihood of death or readmission within 23 months. It is imperative to highlight them for immunological screening and initiate prophylactic interventions and treatment.
Factors affecting detection probability, effective area surveyed, and species misidentification in grassland bird point counts
Authors: Rigby Elizabeth A , Johnson Douglas H 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTWe simulated bird surveys using recorded bird songs to assess factors affecting detection probability in grassland bird point counts. We used mixed effects logistic regression models to estimate effects of those factors and to estimate and visualize the variation in the area around the observer where birds can be perceived (the perception area). We simulated surveys with 8,926 binary opportunities for detection in Minnesota grasslands in 2011 and 2012. Species, distance to the observer, wind speed and direction, observer, and density of vegetation all affected detection of recorded bird songs. Species had a strong effect; the size of the predicted perception area around the observer differed by an order of magnitude among species. Wind also had a strong effect on detection. As wind speed increased, probability of detection downwind of the observer was reduced and the perception area around the observer became smaller and more asymmetrical. The effective distance at which an observer is more likely to detect a bird than not detect it may differ among species and angles to the wind, even within the same survey. Eight of 10 species had low probability of misidentification (≤0.03), but Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum) and LeConte’s Sparrow (Ammospiza leconteii) were frequently misidentified (probability = 0.09–0.24 among observers), contributing to a low rate of correct detection for those species. We recommend collecting point-count data within distance bands so that data can be analyzed based on the effective radius for each species and standardizing surveys across wind conditions to reduce variation in detection probability.