bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Prostate Cancer Epidemiology Across Disease States in the VA
Authors: Stock Shannon R. , Burns Michael T. , Waller Justin , De Hoedt Amanda M. , Parrish Joshua A. , Ghate Sameer , Kim Jeri , Shui Irene M. , Freedland Stephen J. 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceProstate cancer (PC) care has evolved rapidly as a result of changes in prostate-specific antigen testing, novel imaging, and newer treatments. The impact of these changes on PC epidemiology and racial disparities across disease states remains underexplored.ObjectiveTo characterize racial and ethnic differences in the epidemiology of PC states, including nonmetastatic hormone-sensitive PC (nmHSPC), metastatic HSPC (mHSPC), nonmetastatic castration-resistant PC (nmCRPC), and metastatic CRPC (mCRPC).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis is a retrospective, population-based cohort study of male US veterans aged 40 years and older with known race and ethnicity and no non-PC malignant neoplasm before study entry receiving care through the Veterans Health Administration. The study period was from 2012 to 2020, with follow-up through 2021. To identify active users, data capture included visits 18 months before and after the study period. Data analysis was performed from March to August 2023.ExposureSelf-identified race and ethnicity, classified as Black, White, or Hispanic.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes were annual age-adjusted incidence rates (IRs) and point prevalence for PC states by race and ethnicity. Trends were evaluated using joinpoint regression. Time to disease progression or death was estimated using nonparametric cumulative incidence. Competing risk models adjusted for age assessed the association of race and ethnicity on disease progression.ResultsThe study included 6 539 001 veterans (median [IQR] age, 65 [56-74] years), of whom 476 227 had PC (median [IQR] age, 69 [63-75] years). IRs varied by time frame and disease state. Across all states and years, the relative risk among Black vs White patients ranged from 2.09 (95% CI, 2.01-2.18; P &amp;lt; .001) for nmHSPC in 2012 to 4.12 (95% CI, 3.39-5.02; P &amp;lt; .001) for nmCRPC in 2017. In nmHSPC, hazard ratios for progression to mHSPC and nmCRPC were 1.36 (95% CI, 1.33-1.40) and 1.60 (95% CI, 1.51-1.70), respectively, for Black patients and 1.38 (95% CI, 1.31-1.45) and 1.55 (95% CI, 1.40-1.72), respectively, for Hispanic patients vs White patients. In contrast, in mCRPC, the hazard ratio for death was lower for Black (0.84; 95% CI, 0.81-0.88) and Hispanic (0.76; 95% CI, 0.69-0.83) patients compared with White patients.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cohort study of veterans found that Black patients had more than 2-fold higher incidence of all disease states vs White patients. Progression risk was higher for Black and Hispanic patients in early-stage disease, but lower in later disease stages. Despite equal access, Black patients disproportionately experience PC, although progression risks relative to White patients differed according to disease state.
Constructing Dual Schottky Junctions for High‐Performance Zinc Anode
Authors: Zhao Chenyang , Liu Zeping , Wang Pengyu , Guo Zhikun , Lu Xingyuan , Zhang Yu , Zhang Naiqing 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAqueous zinc ion batteries provide new solutions for achieving environmentally friendly and safe energy storage devices. Unfortunately, the further application is hampered by the growth of zinc dendrites caused by uneven zinc deposition, hydrogen evolution and other side interfacial reactions at the zinc anode. Herein, a multifunctional Bi‐Bi2O3 hybrid artificial interface layer is constructed on the surface of the zinc anode using an in situ conversion reaction. Among them, the Bi‐Bi2O3 Schottky structure not only significantly accelerates the migration of Zn2+ through its built‐in electric field, but also effectively improves the hydrogen evolution barrier (ΔGH*), thereby suppressing side reactions. Moreover, the Schottky contact formed between the interface layer and the metal zinc interface also regulates the electronic distribution state on the zinc surface and optimizes the deposition process of Zn2+, ensuring a more uniform and orderly zinc deposition process. Based on the synergistic effect of dual Schottky junctions, symmetric batteries achieve stable cycling for 2000 h under the conditions of 1.0 mA cm−2 and 1.0 mAh cm−2. The full cell assembled with α‐MnO2 as the cathode maintains capacity of 112.7 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 1 A g−1 with a capacity retention rate of 84%.
2D MOF‐Based Filtration‐Sensing Strategy for Trace Gas Sensing Under Intense F‐Gas Interference at Room Temperature
Authors: Wu Peng , Li Yi , Luo Yan , Yan Yongxu , Zhuo Ran , Wang Dibo , Tang Ju , Yuan Hongye , Zhang Xiaoxing , Xiao Song 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe detection of trace impurity gases in fluorinated gas (F‐gas) that are widely used in the industry offers a significant avenue for equipment status monitoring and mitigating unnecessary emissions. However, the formidable electron affinity (EA) and adsorption propensity of F‐gas molecules render the identification of trace impurities within a high‐concentration F‐gas atmosphere exceptionally challenging. Herein, the filtration‐sensing strategy is proposed to realize highly sensitive and selective Room Temperature (RT) sensing of trace gases in the F‐gas environment. Through the innovative construction of a bilayer structure, comprising Co3(HITP)2 as the overlayer and SnO2 nanofibers (NFs) as the sensing layer, remarkably sensitive detection of trace impurity gases under intense F‐gas interference conditions is achieved. The efficacy of the Co3(HITP)2 overlayer is further corroborated through the incorporation of Pd‐SnO2 and MoS2‐SnO2 sensors, concurrently facilitating targeted quantitative identification within a complex gas mixture environment. The underlying sensing mechanism is predominantly attributed to interatomic adsorption interactions and the modulation of gas diffusion by microporous structures. This work provides pioneering insights into trace impurity detection within high‐concentration F‐gas atmosphere while presenting a potentially viable solution for the operational maintenance of F‐gas‐based industrial equipment (F‐equipment) in industrial applications.
Shrinkable Hydrogels through Host–Guest Interactions: A Robust Approach to Obtain Tubular Cell‐Laden Scaffolds with Small Diameters
Authors: Iudin Dmitrii , van Steenbergen Mies J. , Masereeuw Rosalinde , van Ravensteijn Bas G. P. , Vermonden Tina 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe availability of realistic in vitro models is crucial for tissue engineering, disease modeling, and drug screening assays. However, reproducing the complex shapes and intricate structures of naturally occurring tissues or organs in the presence of functional cells remains a challenge. For example, it is still not trivial to obtain cell‐laden tubular structures on a micrometer scale present in the nephrons of the human kidney. Here, a unique hydrogel‐based shrinking approach making use of host–guest interactions to decrease the diameters of the preformed hydrogel tubules seeded with cells is proposed as a tool to overcome the abovementioned challenge. The hydrogels are composed of covalently crosslinked methacrylated hyaluronic acid and methacrylated dextran modified with either cyclodextrin or adamantane groups that can form dynamic bonds. The hydrogels are initially formed in the presence of small‐molecule competitors that block any interpolymer host–guest interactions, and the shrinking process is triggered by the release of these competitor molecules. The high shrinking efficiency with a shrinking factor up to eight times in volume and robust cytocompatibility make the host‐guest‐based shrinking approach an appealing tool to obtain hydrogel tubular in vitro models with the desired dimensions on demand.
Ultra‐High Radial Elastic Aerogel Fibers for Thermal Insulation Textile
Authors: Wang Jiahui , Liu Lipeng , Dong Wenlian , Tao Junhui , Fu Rui , Liu Yinghui , Yang Xin , Yu Hanqing , Sai Huazheng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWhen nanoporous aerogels with excellent thermal insulation performance are processed into 1D fibers, they have great potential for application in the field of personal thermal management. However, coping with the impact of external forces, especially radial extrusion, and maintaining the macro morphology and microstructure of aerogels during use are remaining issues. To address these challenges, this study proposes a method that uses ultrafine and ultra‐highly entangled bacterial cellulose nanofibers as the basis to achieve high radial elasticity by forming an isomorphic coating of rigid silica on the soft gel skeleton of aerogel fibers. The obtained aerogel fibers can achieve an elastic recovery of 88% over 50 compression cycles under 90% strain, and they can be knotted, woven into textiles, and are washable. This strategy improves the radial compression resistance of aerogel fibers, providing rich possibilities for the development of aerogel fibers with excellent mechanical properties.
Enhanced Hemodynamics of Anisometric TPMS Topology Reduce Blood Clotting in 3D Printed Blood Contactors
Authors: Hirschwald Lukas T. , Hagemann Franziska , Biermann Maik , Hanßen Paul , Hoffmann Patrick , Höhs Tim , Neuhaus Florian , Tillmann Maerthe Theresa , Peric Petar , Wattenberg Maximilian , Stille Maik , Fechter Tamara , Theißen Alexander , Winnersbach Patrick , Barbian Kai P. , Jansen Sebastian V. , Steinseifer Ulrich , Wiegmann Bettina , Rossaint Rolf , Wessling Matthias , Bleilevens Christian , Linkhorst John 
Published: November 2024

AbstractArtificial organs, such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenators, dialyzers, and hemoadsorber cartridges, face persistent challenges related to the flow distribution within the cartridge. This uneven flow distribution leads to clot formation and inefficient mass transfer over the device's functional surface. In this work, a comprehensive methodology is presented for precisely integrating triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) into module housings and question whether the internal surface topology determining the flow distribution affects blood coagulation. Three module types are compared with different internal topologies: tubular, isometric, and anisometric TPMS. First, this study includes a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of the internal hemodynamics, validated through experimental residence time distributions (RTD). Blood tests using human whole blood and subsequent visualization of blood clots by computed tomography, allow the quantification of structure‐induced blood clotting. The results indicate that TPMS topologies, particularly anisometric ones, serve as effective flow distributors and significantly reduce and delay blood clotting compared to conventional tubular geometries. For these novel TPMS modules, the inner surfaces can be activated chemically or functionalized to function as a selective adsorption site or biocatalytic surface or made of a permeable material to facilitate mass transfer.
Yarning for a purpose: Listening to how First Nations People define safety and wellbeing
Authors: Cantley Luke , Wendt Sarah 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDefining safety and wellbeing measurements for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and young people can be difficult due to its subjectivity. This article discusses findings from yarning circles held with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples discussing these very definitions. It is argued through the findings; Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander knowledge must be incorporated when defining safety and wellbeing measures such as connection to culture, family and housing.
Effect of tea polyphenols on the quality of frozen cooked noodles
Authors: Ping Yali , Zhang Lanxi , Li Hua , Chen Zhenzhen , Wang Qingyuan , Fang Xiaoxue 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe growing consumer demand for natural, healthy, and convenient food options has led to the rising popularity of frozen cooked noodles (FCN). Tea polyphenols (TPs), known for their diverse biological activities, are increasingly being utilized as a natural food additive in research and development. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of TPs on the thermal and pasting properties of wheat flour as well as their influence on the quality of FCN.FindingsThe results from differential scanning calorimeter and RVA analyses showed that TPs did not significantly affect the thermal and pasting properties of wheat flour. However, the addition of low‐dose TPs (<1.5%) improved the quality of FCN during storage. Texture and tensile analyses demonstrated an enhancement in hardness, chewiness, resistance, and an increase in resistant starch content in the noodles. Low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance findings revealed an increase in the proportion of strongly bound water, accompanied by a decrease in free water content. Scanning electron microscopy observations illustrated a well‐developed gluten network structure. In contrast, the incorporation of 1.5% TPs adversely affected the quality of FCN.ConclusionsThe appropriate integration of TPs plays a significant role in alleviating the quality degradation of FCN during storage.Significance and NoveltyThis study provides a theoretical basis for the development of polyphenol‐enriched flour products and functional foods.
Exploring counselor experiences of training in the PR6 resilience model
Authors: Miller Raissa , Dickinson Rebecca , Beeson Eric T. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractResilience‐related knowledge and skills are part of all counselors‐in‐training foundational curriculum. We used interpretative phenomenological analysis to explore nine novice counselors’ perceived training experiences in the Predictive 6 Factor (PR6) model of resilience. We identified the following group experiential themes: value of the neuroscience information and PR6 model, counselors’ personal resonance and buy‐in, and considerations for practice. We also identified nine subthemes representing more nuanced elements of the larger themes.
Organic cation‐supported layered vanadate cathode for high‐performance aqueous zinc‐ion batteries
Authors: Wang Changding , Li Yingfang , Zhang Sida , Sang Tian‐Yi , Lei Yu , Liu Ruiqi , Wan Fu , Chen Yuejiao , Chen Weigen , Zheng Yujie , Sun Shuhui 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLayered vanadates are ideal energy storage materials due to their multielectron redox reactions and excellent cation storage capacity. However, their practical application still faces challenges, such as slow reaction kinetics and poor structural stability. In this study, we synthesized [Me2NH2]V3O7 (MNVO), a layered vanadate with expended layer spacing and enhanced pH resistance, using a one‐step simple hydrothermal gram‐scale method. Experimental analyses and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed supportive ionic and hydrogen bonding interactions between the thin‐layered [Me2NH2]+ cation and [V3O7]− anion layers, clarifying the energy storage mechanism of the H+/Zn2+ co‐insertion. The synergistic effect of these bonds and oxygen vacancies increased the electronic conductivity and significantly reduced the diffusion energy barrier of the insertion ions, thereby improving the rate capability of the material. In an acidic electrolyte, aqueous zinc‐ion batteries employing MNVO as the cathode exhibited a high specific capacity of 433 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1. The prepared electrodes exhibited a maximum specific capacity of 237 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 and maintained a capacity retention of 83.5% after 10,000 cycles. This work introduces a novel approach for advancing layered cathodes, paving the way for their practical application in energy storage devices.
Densely populated single‐atom catalysts for boosting hydrogen generation from formic acid
Authors: Zhao Xiaogeng , Wang Junmin , Zhang Dongnuan , Hao Yunhui , Zhang Xingmian , Feng Junna , Su Hong , Feng Cheng , Wang Chun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe single‐atom M‐N‐C (M typically being Co or Fe) is a prominent material with exceptional reactivity in areas of catalysis for sustainable energy. However, the formation of metal nanoparticles in M‐N‐C materials is coupled with high‐temperature calcination conditions, limiting the density of M‐Nx active sites and thus restricting the catalytic performance of such catalysts. Herein, we describe an effective decoupling strategy to construct high‐density M‐Nx active sites by generating polyfurfuryl alcohol in the MOF precursor, effectively preventing the formation of metal nanoparticles even with up to 6.377% cobalt loading. This catalyst showed a high H2 production rate of 778 mL gcat−1 h−1 when used in the dehydrogenation reaction of formic acid. In addition to the high density of the active site, a curved carbon surface in the structure is also thought to be the reason for the high performance of the catalyst.
High‐Safety Lithium Metal Batteries Enabled by Additive of Fire‐Extinguishing Microcapsules
Authors: Gui Jiuqing , Huang Ziqi , Lu Jiacong , Wang Linlin , Cao Qiaoying , Hu Hang , Zheng Mingtao , Leng Kunyi , Liang Yeru 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTLithium metal battery (LMB) is regarded as one of the most promising high‐energy energy storage systems. However, the high reactivity of lithium metal and the formation of lithium dendrites during battery operation have caused safety concerns. Herein, we present the design and synthesis of fire‐extinguishing microcapsules to enhance LMB safety. The encapsulation strategy addressed perfluoro(2‐methyl‐3‐pentanone)'s volatility and storage challenges, yielding microcapsules with stable and uniform size distributions. The rapid release and effective fire‐extinguishing performance of the microcapsules upon exposure to high temperatures has been demonstrated. Integration of these microcapsules into LMBs showed no significant impact on electrochemical performance, maintaining high lithium‐ion conductivity, and stable cycling capacity. Notably, practical safety tests on pouch cells indicated that the presence of microcapsules effectively prevented ignition and improved thermal stability under mechanical damage and flame intrusion, underscoring their potential for significantly improved battery safety. These findings provide a robust strategy for mitigating fire hazards of high‐energy‐density battery systems without compromising their electrochemical performances.
Virtual reality testing of emergency scenarios could improve student reactions in the future
Authors: Sutton Halley 
Published: November 2024

Artificial intelligence is infiltrating every sector of college life, from admissions papers to research on how virtual reality simulations can improve campus safety. Emergency Management Science and Technology has published a paper entitled “Experimental Research on College Students’ Emergency Ability and Its Influencing Factors in Virtual Emergency Situations” that examines how AI technology, such as virtual reality simulations, can improve understanding of students’ ability to respond to emergency situations.
Comprehensive laboratory study on smoke gases during the thermal oxidative decomposition of forest and vegetation fuels
Authors: Piechnik Kira , Heydick Lukas , Hofmann Anja , Klippel Andrea 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the composition of smoke gases in forest and vegetation samples to draw conclusions about the actual smoke gas composition during wildfires. The focus is particularly on regions with extensive pine forests, like in Eastern Germany. The relevance of smoke gases is well illustrated by the example of wildfires in Québec, influencing air quality in New York, in 2023. By employing a modified DIN tube furnace, a bench‐scale test set‐up, the research emphasizes the examination of smoke composition from tree species and ground cover, prioritizing gases while disregarding particles. Key smoke gases are identified as CO, CO2, SO2, HCN, C3H4O (acrolein) and CH2O (formaldehyde) and their concentrations are compared with Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGL) limits. Acknowledging the limitations of AEGL usage and the problem with direct quantitative comparison of toxicant concentrations (cf. ISO 29903‐1:2020), the study highlights variations in smoke composition across different samples. The results of the studies reveal a significant disparity in CO concentration between dry and fresh pine needles. Frequently, the AEGLs of key gases are exceeded significantly. The elemental analysis of the barks indicates distinct differences in composition, reflecting in the concentrations of smoke gases. The ratio of 1 mole of substance turnover to the identified key components will be used to determine input parameters for the subsequent numerical simulation.
Unraveling the Amino Acid Synthesis in Maturity Sesame Seeds Based on the Integrative Analysis of Transcriptome and Metabolome
Authors: Zhang Yinping , Zhang Yuanyuan , Zhou Xiangyu , Yang Nan , Zhou Duoqi , Thakur Kiran , Wang Qiang , Cespedes‐Acuña Carlos L. , Zhang Haiyang , Miao Hongmei , Wei Zhaojun 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTSesame plays a vital role in food industry due to its high oil yield, antioxidant potential, and substantial protein content. Notably, there are significant differences in amino acid composition in sesame seeds at various developmental stages. However, the molecular basis and regulatory mechanism underlying amino acid production largely remain unexplored. To unravel these mechanisms, we analyzed the metabolome and transcriptome profiles of a sesame variety across four distinct growth stages (S1–S4). Our analysis identified a total of 17 amino acids, with glutamic acid (Glu), arginine (Arg), proline (Pro), and tyrosine (Tyr) exhibiting significantly higher abundances in mature stages. This increased abundance correlated with the elevated expression of genes involved in amino acid synthesis and regulatory genes. Using weighted gene co‐expression network analysis, we discovered modules associated with glutathione metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, proline, and tyrosine synthesis, along with candidate genes that regulate amino acid production and metabolism. Notably, the differential expression of genes within the amino acid pathways resulted in significant variations in the contents of Glu, Arg, Pro, and Tyr at the mature stage (28 days after flowering, S4) compared to other growth stages. Correlation analysis revealed strong association among the enzymes glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate/aspartate–prephenate aminotransferase (PAT), and polyamine oxidase (PAO) with the 17 amino acids, suggesting their potential role in the amino acid synthesis. Our findings provide novel insights into the synthesis and accumulation of amino acids during the growth stages of sesame seeds, highlighting key regulatory genes and metabolic pathways involved in this process. Our study lays the groundwork for future studies aiming to enhance the nutritional quality and yield of sesame varieties.