bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the possibility of using detonation ceramic coatings as microwave energy absorbers
Authors: Vashin A S , Evseev S V , Zhabin G A , Korepin G F , Pashkov A N 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The developed absorbing microwave energy coatings of TiO2 and Al2O3/TiO2 deposited by the detonation method were investigated in this work. Thermal cyclic tests of the obtained samples of different layer thickness on copper substrates were carried out, the phase composition of the obtained coatings was investigated, the effect of high-temperature heating in hydrogen on the phase composition of the coating and its stability was determined. The gas emission was studied on evacuated and degassed experimental model.
Features of using traditional diagnostic tools for recording supersonic jets of rarefied gases in flows with clusters
Authors: Zarvin A E , Dubrovin K A , Khudozhitkov V E , Chinenov S T , Kalyada V V , Yaskin A S 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Features of the formation of supersonic underexpanded jets in condensation, as well as measurements in such jets by electron-beam and molecular-beam methods are considered. It is shown that the clusters in the flow can change both the geometry and the structure of the supersonic jets. It is determined that the readings of the mass analyzer used as a detector of a narrowly directed molecular beam depend to a large extent on the size of the clusters and the value of the detector’s solid angle. The examples which compare the traditional method of mass spectrometry with ionization and a new method ionization by high-voltage electron beam with the subsequent transport of ions to the mass spectrometer detector with its own turned-off ionization block illustrate changes in the detected clusters.
The sensitivity evaluation of the television sensor for the radiation-resistant transmitting television camera based on vacuum transfertube
Authors: Zaytseva E V 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Television and computing systems on the base specialized television systems for visual measuring of control internal surfaces tracts technological channels, metalworking and working spaces uranium-graphite nuclear reactors reviewed, pattern obtained, allowing define sensitivity this television systems, taking into account range from lens before object in this work.
Air quality and health benefits of China’s emission control policies on coal-fired power plants during 2005–2020
Authors: Wu Ruili , Liu Fei , Tong Dan , Zheng Yixuan , Lei Yu , Hong Chaopeng , Li Meng , Liu Jun , Zheng Bo , Bo Yu , Chen Xiaoting , Li Xin , Zhang Qiang 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Coal-fired power plants (CPPs) dominate China’s energy supply systems. Over the past two decades, the explosive growth of CPPs has led to negative air quality and health impacts in China, and a series of control policies have been implemented to alleviate those impacts. In this work, by combining a CPPs emission database over China (CPED), a regional chemical transport model (WRF-CMAQ), and the integrated exposure-response model, we summarized historical and ongoing emission control policies on CPPs over China, investigated the air quality and health impacts of China’s CPPs during 2005–2020, and quantified the benefits of each policy. We found that despite the 97.4% growth of coal-fired power generation during 2005–2015, PM2.5 exposures caused by emissions from China’s CPPs decreased from 9.0 μg m−3 in 2005 to 3.6 μg m−3 in 2015. The active emission control policies have decreased CPPs-induced PM2.5 exposures by 10.0 μg m−3 during 2005–2015. We estimated that upgrading end-of-pipe control facilities and early retirement of small and low-efficiency units could respectively reduce PM2.5 exposures by 7.9 and 2.1 μg m−3 during 2005–2015 and avoid 111 900 and 31 400 annual premature deaths. Since 2015, China’s government has further required all CPPs to comply with the so-called ‘ultra-low emission standards’ before 2020 as a major component of China’s clean air actions. If the policy is fully deployed, CPPs-induced PM2.5 exposures could further decrease by 2.5 μg m−3 and avoid 43 500 premature deaths annually. Our study confirms the effectiveness of tailored control policies for China’s CPPs and reveals that those policies have played important roles in air quality improvement in China.
Visualising quantum effective action calculations in zero dimensions
Authors: Millington Peter , Saffin Paul M 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We present an explicit treatment of the two-particle-irreducible (2PI) effective action for a zero-dimensional quantum field theory. The advantage of this simple playground is that we are required to deal only with functions rather than functionals, making complete analytic approximations accessible and full numerical evaluation of the exact result possible. Moreover, it permits us to plot intuitive graphical representations of the behaviour of the effective action, as well as the objects out of which it is built. We illustrate the subtleties of the behaviour of the sources and their convex-conjugate variables, and their relation to the various saddle points of the path integral. With this understood, we describe the convexity of the 2PI effective action and provide a comprehensive explanation of how the Maxwell construction arises in the case of multiple, classically stable saddle points, finding results that are consistent with previous studies of the one-particle-irreducible (1PI) effective action.
Optimizing the Concrete Materials by Taguchi Optimization Method
Authors: Sabarish K.V , Akish Remo M , Paul Pratheeba 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This manuscript presents the outcome of an experimental investigation conceded out to optimize the mix proportions of the concrete by the Taguchi method of parameter design. The concrete mix design is done by the L9 orthogonal array that is 34. When a new material is used in the concrete all the mix variables are taken into account so that it may cost so much, it means more need for money, material, personnel and time. In order to reduce the number of mix combination in concrete, the Taguchi method is used. In this project the cement sand and aggregate are partially replaced by cement as fly ash, river sand as M-sand and the compression values are taken and the value is compared with the conventional concrete special concrete compression value is compared with the conventional concrete and S/N value is taken from the compression value and the comparison of the values are done. In order to attain good strength and to avoid cracks, sisal fiber is added in the concrete with a percentage of (1, 1.5, and 2).
Synthesis of AgNPs Using Flowers Exhibiting Different Photoresponse
Authors: Udaya Prakash NK , Sripriya N , Aishwarya V , Preethy S , Benetta S , Bhuvaneswari S 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Biological synthesis or green synthesis of nanoparticles has proven to be cost effective, rapid and safe. Flowers exhibit different colours due to wavelength selective absorption and light scattering. In this study, four differently coloured flowers, i.e. Bauhinia purpurea – Fabaceae, Couroupita guianensis – Lecithydaceae, Gerbera jamesonii – Asteraceae and Gomphrena globosa – Amaranthaceae were studied for their potency to synthesize silver nanoparticles. The UV-Vis spectrophotometric analysis of the aqueous extracts of B. purpurea, C. guianensis, G. jamesonii and G. globosa flowers recorded their respective peaks at 562, 498, 524 and 548 nm in response to their pigments. The synthesized silver particles were characterized through UV-Vis spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive electron spectroscopy, particle size analyzer and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The resonance peak in the UV-Vis spectrum was recorded at 430, 420, 445 and 435 nm respectively, for the AgNPs synthesized using B. purpurea, C. guianensis, G. jamesonii and G. globosa. SEM analysis revealed the size range of 107-498 nm for B. purpurea, 15-75 nm for C. guianensis, 17-51 nm for G. jamesonii and 20-91 nm for G. globosa. The presence of silver was confirmed by EDS. The silver particles synthesized using the extracts of B. purpurea, C. guianensis, G. jamesonii and G. globosa showed the average size as 431.3, 71.51, 30.11 and 33.93 nm as assessed through PSA. FTIR studies confirmed the involvement of O-H, N-H, C-C=C, N=O, -NO2 and C-O stretches. In the present study, the silver particles synthesized by C. guianensis, G. jamesonii and G. globosa were in the nanoscale, whereas those synthesized by B. purpurea were in microscale. The synthesis of AgNPs is attributed to the pigments or the metabolites present in the floral extracts. Further studies on the potential of flowers exhibiting different photoresponse in the synthesis of nanoparticles are recommended.
The effect of palm biodiesel fuel on the performance of automotive four stroke diesel engine
Authors: Sivakrishna T. , Madhu S. , Sivakumar K. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The usage of biodiesel is been increased due to the shortage and cost inincrease of normal fuel in the market. The present investigation aims to explore the performance assessment of four stroke diesel engine using palm biodiesel. The palm biodiesel cannot be directly used as an alternative fuel so that the diesel and biodiesel is mixed with a concentration of (B10,D90), (B20,D80), (B30,D70), (B40,D60), (B100) and experimental investigation is experimental carried out on four stroke, double cylinder, to study engine performance.
Reducing Hypertension in a Poststroke Black and Hispanic Home Care Population: Results of a Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Feldman Penny H , McDonald Margaret V , Trachtenberg Melissa , Trifilio Marygrace , Onorato Nicole , Sridharan Sridevi , Silver Stephanie , Eimicke Joseph , Teresi Jeanne 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDUncontrolled hypertension (HTN) is a leading modifiable stroke risk factor contributing to global stroke disparities. This study is unique in testing a transitional care model aimed at controlling HTN in black and Hispanic poststroke, home health patients, an understudied group.METHODSA 3-arm randomized controlled trial design compared (i) usual home care (UHC), with (ii) UHC plus a 30-day nurse practitioner transitional care program, or (iii) UHC plus nurse practitioner plus a 60-day health coach program. The trial enrolled 495 black and Hispanic, English- and Spanish- speaking adults with uncontrolled systolic blood pressure (SBP ≥ 140 mm Hg) who had experienced a first-time or recurrent stroke or transient ischemic attack. The primary outcome was change in SBP from baseline to 3 and 12 months.RESULTSMean participant age was 67; 57.0% were female; 69.7% were black, non-Hispanic; and 30.3% were Hispanic. Three-month follow-up retention was 87%; 12-month retention was 81%. SBP declined 9–10 mm Hg from baseline to 12 months across all groups; the greatest decrease occurred between baseline and 3 months. The interventions demonstrated no relative advantage compared to UHC.CONCLUSIONThe significant across-the-board SBP decreases suggest that UHC nurse/patient/physician interactions were the central component of SBP reduction and that additional efforts to lower recurrent stroke risk should test incremental improvements in usual care, not resource-intensive transitional care interventions. They also suggest the potential value of pragmatic home care programs as part of a broader strategy to overcome HTN treatment barriers and improve secondary stroke prevention globally.CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATIONTrial Number NCT01918891.
A Kantian ethics of paradise engineering
Authors: Paez Eze 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Wild animals probably have net negative lives. Christine Korsgaard rejects the view that we might engineer paradise by redesigning nature and animals so that they have the best possible existences. She believes the genetic changes required would not be identity-preserving, thereby causing animals to cease to exist. I argue, first, that paradise engineering is permissible. Many harms are caused by non-sentient natural entities and processes. Moreover, sentient animals can survive modifications compatible with their psychological persistence over time. Second, we are required to re-engineer nature in order to satisfy animals' right to the resources necessary for a reasonable life.
Insights from invasion ecology: Can consideration of eco-evolutionary experience promote benefits from root mutualisms in plant production?
Authors: Ramoneda Josep , Le Roux Johannes , Frossard Emmanuel , Bester Cecilia , Oettlé Noel , Frey Beat , Gamper Hannes Andres 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMutualistic plant–microbial functioning relies on co-adapted symbiotic partners as well as conducive environmental conditions. Choosing particular plant genotypes for domestication and subsequent cultivar selection can narrow the gene pools of crop plants to a degree that they are no longer able to benefit from microbial mutualists. Elevated mineral nutrient levels in cultivated soils also reduce the dependence of crops on nutritional support by mutualists such as mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobia. Thus, current ways of crop production are predestined to compromise the propagation and function of microbial symbionts, limiting their long-term benefits for plant yield stability. The influence of mutualists on non-native plant establishment and spread, i.e. biological invasions, provides an unexplored analogue to contemporary crop production that accounts for mutualistic services from symbionts like rhizobia and mycorrhizae. The historical exposure of organisms to biotic interactions over evolutionary timescales, or so-called eco-evolutionary experience (EEE), has been used to explain the success of such invasions. In this paper, we stress that consideration of the EEE concept can shed light on how to overcome the loss of microbial mutualist functions following crop domestication and breeding. We propose specific experimental approaches to utilize the wild ancestors of crops to determine whether crop domestication compromised the benefits derived from root microbial symbioses or not. This can predict the potential for success of mutualistic symbiosis manipulation in modern crops and the maintenance of effective microbial mutualisms over the long term.
Attempts to obtain fully xenogeneic fetuses in rat ↔ mouse model†,‡
Authors: Szpila Marcin , Humięcka Monika , Bożyk Katarzyna , Paterczyk Bohdan , Suwińska Aneta , Maleszewski Marek , Tarkowski Andrzej K 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The full-term development of the xenogeneic embryo in the uterus of the mother of different species is very restricted and can occur only in certain groups of closely related mammals. In the case of mouse ↔ rat chimeras, the interspecific uterine barrier is less hostile to interspecific chimeric fetuses. In current work, we tested the development of mouse and rat fetuses in uteri of females of the opposite species. We created chimeric mouse ↔ rat blastocysts by injection of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into eight-cell rat embryos and rat ESCs into eight-cell mouse embryos. Chimeras were transferred to the foster mothers of the opposite species. Despite a huge number of transferred embryos (&gt;1000 in total for both variants), only one live fetus derived solely from the mouse ESCs was isolated at E13.5 from the rat uterus. All other fetuses and newborns were chimeric or were built only from the cells of the recipient embryo. We examined the possible reason for such an outcome and found that the xenogeneic fetuses are eliminated at the perigastrulation stage of development. Thus, we conclude that in the rat ↔ mouse combination even when extraembryonic tissues of the chimeric embryo are composed solely of the cells of the same species as the female to which embryos are transferred, the full-term development of the pure xenogeneic fetus is very unlikely.
High-dimensional causal discovery under non-Gaussianity
Authors: Wang Y Samuel , Drton Mathias 
Published: September 2019

Summary
We consider graphical models based on a recursive system of linear structural equations. This implies that there is an ordering, $\sigma$, of the variables such that each observed variable $Y_v$ is a linear function of a variable-specific error term and the other observed variables $Y_u$ with $\sigma(u) < \sigma (v)$. The causal relationships, i.e., which other variables the linear functions depend on, can be described using a directed graph. It has previously been shown that when the variable-specific error terms are non-Gaussian, the exact causal graph, as opposed to a Markov equivalence class, can be consistently estimated from observational data. We propose an algorithm that yields consistent estimates of the graph also in high-dimensional settings in which the number of variables may grow at a faster rate than the number of observations, but in which the underlying causal structure features suitable sparsity; specifically, the maximum in-degree of the graph is controlled. Our theoretical analysis is couched in the setting of log-concave error distributions.
Politics of Crime Control: How Campaign-Style Law Enforcement Sustains Authoritarian Rule in China
Authors: Wang Peng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHow does campaign-style law enforcement sustain authoritarian rule? Drawing on fieldwork data and published materials, this article enhances the understanding of law and politics in authoritarian regimes by investigating the role of the ‘sweep away black' campaign—designed to combat organized and gang crime—in strengthening China's authoritarian regime. It argues that the campaign helps the party-state enhance its authoritarian rule by resolving the legitimacy crisis caused by economic slowdown, gangs' infiltration in grassroots political structures and problems of police corruption and shirking. But the campaign distorts the criminal justice system by demanding that criminal justice organs deliver severe and swift justice. It also harms China's private sector because local governments may expand the targets of repression to include private enterprises.
Traumatic microbleeds suggest vascular injury and predict disability in traumatic brain injury
Authors: Griffin Allison D , Turtzo L Christine , Parikh Gunjan Y , Tolpygo Alexander , Lodato Zachary , Moses Anita D , Nair Govind , Perl Daniel P , Edwards Nancy A , Dardzinski Bernard J , Armstrong Regina C , Ray-Chaudhury Abhik , Mitra Partha P , Latour Lawrence L 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Traumatic microbleeds are small foci of hypointensity seen on T2*-weighted MRI in patients following head trauma that have previously been considered a marker of axonal injury. The linear appearance and location of some traumatic microbleeds suggests a vascular origin. The aims of this study were to: (i) identify and characterize traumatic microbleeds in patients with acute traumatic brain injury; (ii) determine whether appearance of traumatic microbleeds predict clinical outcome; and (iii) describe the pathology underlying traumatic microbleeds in an index patient. Patients presenting to the emergency department following acute head trauma who received a head CT were enrolled within 48 h of injury and received a research MRI. Disability was defined using Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended ≤6 at follow-up. All magnetic resonance images were interpreted prospectively and were used for subsequent analysis of traumatic microbleeds. Lesions on T2* MRI were stratified based on ‘linear’ streak-like or ‘punctate’ petechial-appearing traumatic microbleeds. The brain of an enrolled subject imaged acutely was procured following death for evaluation of traumatic microbleeds using MRI targeted pathology methods. Of the 439 patients enrolled over 78 months, 31% (134/439) had evidence of punctate and/or linear traumatic microbleeds on MRI. Severity of injury, mechanism of injury, and CT findings were associated with traumatic microbleeds on MRI. The presence of traumatic microbleeds was an independent predictor of disability (P &lt; 0.05; odds ratio = 2.5). No differences were found between patients with punctate versus linear appearing microbleeds. Post-mortem imaging and histology revealed traumatic microbleed co-localization with iron-laden macrophages, predominately seen in perivascular space. Evidence of axonal injury was not observed in co-localized histopathological sections. Traumatic microbleeds were prevalent in the population studied and predictive of worse outcome. The source of traumatic microbleed signal on MRI appeared to be iron-laden macrophages in the perivascular space tracking a network of injured vessels. While axonal injury in association with traumatic microbleeds cannot be excluded, recognizing traumatic microbleeds as a form of traumatic vascular injury may aid in identifying patients who could benefit from new therapies targeting the injured vasculature and secondary injury to parenchyma.
Genetic and Environmental Influence on the Human Functional Connectome
Authors: Reineberg Andrew E , Hatoum Alexander S , Hewitt John K , Banich Marie T , Friedman Naomi P 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Detailed mapping of genetic and environmental influences on the functional connectome is a crucial step toward developing intermediate phenotypes between genes and clinical diagnoses or cognitive abilities. We analyzed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from two adult twin samples (Nos = 446 and 371) to quantify genetic and environmental influence on all pairwise functional connections between 264 brain regions (~35 000 functional connections). Nonshared environmental influence was high across the whole connectome. Approximately 14–22% of connections had nominally significant genetic influence in each sample, 4.6% were significant in both samples, and 1–2% had heritability estimates greater than 30%. Evidence of shared environmental influence was weak. Genetic influences on connections were distinct from genetic influences on a global summary measure of the connectome, network-based estimates of connectivity, and movement during the resting-state scan, as revealed by a novel connectome-wide bivariate genetic modeling procedure. The brain’s genetic organization is diverse and not as one would expect based solely on structure evident in nongenetically informative data or lower resolution data. As follow-up, we make novel classifications of functional connections and examine highly localized connections with particularly strong genetic influence. This high-resolution genetic taxonomy of brain connectivity will be useful in understanding genetic influences on brain disorders.