bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constitutive Modelling and Numerical Implementation of SMA Material with Internal Loops
Authors: Zbiciak A. , Wasilewski K. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe article presents a constitutive model for Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) along with result of dynamic simulations of SMA model. The applications of devices incorporating SMA in civil engineering focus mostly on mitigation of the seismic hazard effects in new-build and historical buildings or improvement of fatigue resilience. The unique properties of SMA, such as shape memory effect and superelasticity give promising results for such applications. The presented model includes additional phenomenon of SMA – internal loops. The paper shows the method of formulation of physical relations of SMA based on special rheological structure, which includes modified Kepes’s model. This rheological element, introduced as dual-phase plasticity body, is given in the context of martensite phase transformation. One of the advantages of such an approach is a possibility of formulation of constitutive relationships as a set of explicit differential equations. The application of the model is demonstrated on example of dynamic simulations of three dimensional finite element subjected to dynamic excitation.
Thermal Bowing of Reinforced Concrete Elements Exposed to Non-Uniform Heating
Authors: Kowalski R. , Głowacki M. , Wróblewska J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe paper presents the test description and results of thermal bowing of RC beams exposed to non-uniform heating at high temperature. Bending of a non-uniformly heated element is caused by free thermal elongation of the material it is made of. The higher the temperature gradient, the greater the bending. In the case when an element is exposed to load and high temperature simultaneously, apart from free bending also deformation of the RC element may occur, which is caused by the decrease of the concrete or reinforcing steel mechanical properties. In order to examine the contribution of the deflection caused by thermal bowing to the total deformation of the bent element with a heated tension zone, an experimental study of freely heated (unloaded) beams was performed. RC beams were heated: (1) on three sides of the cross-section or (2) only on the bottom side. Deflection of elements loaded by a substitute temperature gradient was calculated using the Maxwell–Mohr formula. The test results show that deflection of freely heated RC beams (caused by the thermal bowing phenomenon) can be 10 to 20% of the total deflection of loaded RC beams with a heated tension zone.
The Influence of Train-Induced Ground Motion in Assessments of Dynamic Impact on Structures
Authors: Nielepkowicz K. , Bąkowska A. , Maślakowski M. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In this study, the issue of intensity of cargo train-induced soil vibrations is presented. Oscillations were measured in Warsaw-Rembertow location with application of set of seismic receivers. The analysis concerns the ground vibration differentiation issue, depending on considered direction of oscillation propagation plane. Statistic distribution of vibration intensity for directions in 3-D space were done. The issue of potential effect on engineering structures of recorded vibrations was raised. The impact based on Scale of Dynamic Effects standard was estimated in the article. Vibration intensity results were also compared with classification according to the Swiss Standard.
Pre-Stress Losses in FRP Pre-Stressed Reinforced Concrete – Subject Overview
Authors: Przygocka M. , Kotynia R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFiber reinforced polymers (FRPs) due to their specific high-strength properties become more and more popular and replace traditional structural materials like conventional steel in prestressed concrete structures. FRP reinforced structures are relatively new when compared to structures prestressed with steel tendons. For that reason only several studies and applications of pre-tensioned FRP reinforcement have been conducted until now. Moreover, researchers only considered short-term behavior of FRP reinforced concrete members. The precise information about long-term behavior of FRP reinforcement is necessary to evaluate the prestress losses, which should be taken into account in the design of prestressed RC structures. One of the most important factor influencing long term behavior of FRP reinforcement is stress relaxation. The overview of experimental tests results described in the available literature considering the prestress losses obtained in FRP prestressed concrete members is presented herein.
Shaping of Spatial Steel Rod Structures Based on a Hyperbolic Paraboloid
Authors: Dzwierzynska J. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThe aim of the study was to develop a practical approach to parametric shaping of spatial steel rod structures formed based on a hyperbolic paraboloid. This design approach was realized by application of designing tools working in environment of Rhinoceros 3D, that is its plug-in Grasshopper for geometric modelling and Karamba 3D for structural analysis. The goal of this research was to elaborate an universal scripts in order to create rod structures’ models of various forms and grid patterns, as well as evaluating their structural behaviour dependently on various boundary conditions. The optimisation criterion was the minimum mass and deflection. Several proposals of coverings by means of single layer grid structures were presented and analysed to choose the best solution. The rod structures generated based on a hyperbolic paraboloid turned out to be structures with good static properties, so may be an interesting proposals to cover large areas.
Critical emancipatory reflection on a practice-based issue in relation to nurses’ communicative role with unsatisfied clients in Chinese hospitals
Authors: Lyu Chun-Mei , Zhang Li 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Objective
This study aims to use reflective theory and critical emancipatory theory to explore nurses’ communicative role with unsatisfied clients.

Methods
This paper begins with the broad issue, and the analysis will engage Smyth’s cycle, which includes describing, analyzing, exploring, and reconstructing.

Results
Critical emancipatory reflection is essential to make changes in the professional practice of nursing, because it is of primary importance for the professional learning and development of a nurse.

Conclusions
Critical emancipatory reflection helps a nurse to analyze the constraints, including historical, sociocultural, political, and personal aspects.
Critical emancipatory reflection on establishing an equal, trusting relationship among surgery participants in clinical practice in China
Authors: Lai Yan-Ling 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Objective
Reflection is considered to be one of the important ways to learn from one’s experience, and one should be encouraged to apply the skill of reflection in lifelong learning. The author used the critical emancipatory reflection theory to reflect on a practice issue, which was related to the relationship between doctors and nurses, and tries to become a lifelong reflective practitioner in clinical work.

Methods
Smyth’s reflective framework, which includes the steps describe, inform, confront, and reconstruct, will be used in this article to help the author to understand the process of reflection and improve the skill of reflection. Utilizing Smyth’s reflective framework to reflect on an issue in practice allows the author to break the routine way of thinking and learn from experience, as well as providing a higher quality of service for patients.

Results
The theory of emancipatory reflection along with the critical reflection theory will be used to determine the beliefs and values that rule the author’s action and derive how these are distinct from what the author is supposed to achieve. Besides, critical emancipatory reflection theory will be used to discover the dominant power structures in clinical practice; symbolic interaction and hegemony will be utilized to discover the factors that prevent the author from achieving the desired goals; socialization theory will be applied to facilitate the author in improving the professional identity.

Conclusions
Using the critical emancipatory reflection on the issue in practice helps the author to find out the constraints in practice, bridge the espoused value and enacted value, and thereafter undertake transformative changes in practice. Eventually, the author can improve the skill of critical emancipatory reflection and become a lifelong reflective practitioner, and the quality of clinical practice can be improved as a result.
A critical reflection on the discipline of nursing based on the correct analysis of the relationship between medicine and nursing
Authors: Zhu Rui-Fang , Ren Hong-Xia , Wang Xiu-Juan , Zhang Chi-Chen , Yu Qi , Duan Zhi-Guang , Han Shi-Fan 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
As nursing becomes a first-level discipline, the central focus of the development process of nursing science is the independent exploration of the future path of nursing care. Although many countries have made efforts to develop nursing as an independent discipline, no remarkable advancement has been achieved due to the incorrect understanding of the relationship between nursing and medicine and the improper comprehension of other factors involved in the process of nursing reform. Teaching and practicing nursing also face many problems. Based on our understanding of the relationship between nursing and medicine and through a careful analysis of the existing problems in the current nursing discipline, this paper provides some insights into the future directions of nursing development by exploring the independently developing nursing discipline in foreign countries.
Empty-nest elderly: mahjong and Chinese square dance for improving the cognitive function in the community
Authors: Zhang Yue , Petrini Marcia A. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Objective
The elderly population has proliferated worldwide. The empty-nest family pattern has become predominant among the aging people, and they are more vulnerable to the development of cognitive disorders. However, there is no standardized service in the community nursing care that includes procedures on how to improve the cognitive function of the elderly. Meanwhile, the booming number of empty-nest elderly stimulates the community nurses to assume the responsibility for their care. All of these bring more difficulties and opportunities for community nurses who are dedicated to the prevention of geriatric cognitive disorders.

Methods
The authors reviewed the literature related to “empty-nest elderly”, “cognitive function”, “mahjong”, and “Chinese square dance” in the Elsevier, Web of Science (WOS), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Springer and PubMed databases. The study illustrates the utility possibility of an efficient and straightforward method for improving the cognitive function among the elderly in the context of community nursing care in China and even in the rest of the world.

Results
Mental and physical activity contributes to cognitive fitness and may be beneficial in delaying cognitive decline. Mental activities, such as playing mahjong, and physical activities, such as the Chinese square dance, are common Chinese activities. Both of them can affect cognitive function in some way.

Conclusions
China is experiencing one of its most severe aging problems. Community health personnel and related professionals may consider using mahjong and Chinese square dance to promote psychological health in empty-nest elderly individuals in the community.
Environment, technology and sustainability: the development and management of well-irrigation in Guanzhong Plain in Qing China
Authors: Gao Shengrong , Ding Xiaohui 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This paper presents a case study of the well irrigation in Guanzhong Plain during the Qing dynasty. The paper analyses the scales and results of well irrigation campaigns sponsored by the government in the mid-eighteen century and the late nineteenth century. Limited by the natural environment and technical conditions, the efficiency of well irrigation is poor. Farmers’ choices also affect the development of well irrigation. Moreover, a lack of management led to the unsustainable use of groundwater. Historical groundwater policies were mainly aimed at increasing agricultural production. Policies should be made according to local conditions. It is important to ensure the sustainable development of groundwater.
Will imaging change the diagnosis and management of giant cell arteritis?
Authors: Chiriac Andra , Badea Camelia , Băicuș Cristian 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Giant cell arteritis is a common systemic vasculitis affecting the elderly, with maximum prevalence in the 7th decade of age, targeting aortic derived medium and large vessels of the neck and head. Diagnosis is established on a biopsy specimen of the temporal artery wall, through pathological confirmation of panarteritis, typically characterized by mononuclear cell infiltrate, with the 1990 ACR criteria often used in clinical practice.
We present the case of a patient with a new onset headache and systemic inflammation, who did not fulfil the classical diagnostic criteria, nor did the temporal artery biopsy (TAB) provide a positive result. However, the ultrasonographical features, clinical evolution and response to corticosteroid therapy confirmed the diagnosis. This patient had bilateral presence of the halo sign on color duplex ultrasonography (CDUS), cited as a highly specific feature, when compared to the ACR criteria as a standard reference. We employed its positive likelihood-ratio (LR+) of 43 as previously estimated, while considering a low pre-test probability for a positive diagnosis (15%), to calculate a post-test probability of 88%, leading to our decision to treat him as having giant cell arteritis. Remission of the headache and rebound phenomena when tapered off steroid therapy substantially contributed to the positive diagnosis, underlining the importance of future studies needing to use clinical evolution as a reference standard.
Evaluation of a Low Cost Prosthetic Hand Controlled by Surface EMG Sensors and Vibrotactile Feedback
Authors: Argueta-Diaz Victor , Spitzfaden Cameron J , Basso Durham , Ayers Hope L 
Published: May 2019

This study proposes a prosthetic hand with a simple control algorithm and off-the-shelf electronics. We designed this hand to be used and repaired in underdeveloped regions. A differential sEMG signal is obtained from the flexor digitorum superficialis and extensor digitorum muscles to control the position of the hand’s grasp. Three different hand control schemes (visual, vibrotactile and visual plus vibrotactile) were compared and tested in ten able-bodied individuals. We observed a better performance of the visual and vibrotactile control overall, but the vibrotactile feedback increased performance after several interactions. In subjective data evaluations vibrotactile and visual feedback had the highest scores in light and medium pressures, while visual-only feedback type had the highest average score for hard pressure.
Case File: Rapid Diagnosis of Pericardial Effusion
Authors: Wilkinson, MD Jeffrey , Johri, MD Amer M. 
Published: May 2019

Mr. DB was a 95 year old man who presented to the emergency department with dyspnea progressing over the last 3 months. Chest x-ray demonstrated an enlarged cardiac silhouette.
He had a past medical history significant for coronary artery disease, hypertension and a lobectomy due to tuberculosis.
A point of care cardiac ultrasound was conducted by an internal medicine resident as part of his physical examination in the emergency department. A large pericardial effusion was found. There were no clinical signs of tamponade.
Video 1 (online supplement; Figure 1) demonstrates a parasternal long axis view with the pericardial effusion noted to be posterior to the left ventricle in this view. Video 2 (online supplement; Figure 2) is a short axis view of the heart which is showing that the effusion is surrounding the heart. Video 3 and 4 (online supplements; Figures 3 & 4) demonstrates that the pericardial effusion is present significantly surrounding the apex as well. An echocardiogram confirmed the POCUS findings and cardiology was consulted to conduct a pericardiocentesis, following which the patient’s symptoms resolved. The effusion was thought to be chronic and transudative. In this case, the use of POCUS at the bedside allowed for rapid detection of a large pericardial effusion and subsequent treatment.
Research: Emergency medicine residents’ acquisition of point-of-care ultrasound knowledge and their satisfaction with the flipped classroom andragogy
Authors: Bashir, MD Khalid , Azad, MD Aftab , Farook, MD Kaleelullah Saleem , Anjum, MD Shahzad , Pathan, MD Sameer , Bhutta, MD Zain , Thomas,MD Stephen Hodges 
Published: May 2019

Background: One of the traditional approaches for knowledge transfer in medical education is through face-to-face (F2F) teaching. We aimed to evaluate the acquisition of knowledge about point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) and learner’s satisfaction with the flipped classroom (FC) teaching approach. Methods: This was a prospective, mixed-method, crossover study and included 29 emergency medicine (EM) residents in current training program. Over a period of three months, each resident was exposed to F2F and FC teaching models in a crossover manner. There was a multiple-choice questions (MCQ) test before and after each educational intervention (F2F & FC). Two months after each educational intervention a final MCQ test was administered to assess the retention of knowledge between the two approaches. After each educational approach feedback was sought from a selected group of residents concerning the acceptability of the two educational approaches through a semi structured interview. Results: A total of 29 EM residents participated in this study. The numbers of residents by year of post-graduation training were seven (24.14%) PGY-1, eight (27.59%) PGY-2, six (20.69%) PGY-3, and eight (27.59%) PGY-4. The baseline mean score was 15.82 using MCQs test mean scores. For the face-to-face teaching model, the difference between pre and post-intervention scores was 2.7 (95% CI 2.1 to 3.3, p=0.001); whereas, for the flipped classroom teaching model, the difference was 3.93 (95% CI 3.2 to 4.5, p= 0.001). At two months post-intervention, for face-to-face teaching model, the MCQ assessment showed an increase of 1.7 (95% CI 1.1 to 2.2, p= 0.001) mean scores when compared to the pre-intervention mean scores; whereas, for the flipped classroom model this difference was significantly higher, recorded as 4.48 (95% CI 3.7 to 5.1, p= 0.001). Finally, the difference between mean scores for F2F and FC teaching models was 2.75 (95% CI 1.87 to 3.64, p=0.001) at two months post-intervention. Overall, the participants expressed a preference for the FC teaching methodology. Conclusion: Both F2F and FC teaching methods resulted in significant and sustained improvements in POCUS knowledge base. The FC teaching method accomplished higher test scores than the F2F teaching method both at the end of the teaching and after two months of completing the educational program.
Infected Baker’s cyst, diagnosed in the emergency department using POCUS
Authors: Valle Alonso Joaquín , Fonseca del Pozo F Javier , Van der Bergh Eric , Kinderman Harriet 
Published: May 2019

Baker’s cyst is a closed collection of fluid that forms in the posterior aspect of the knee. Usually, it appears as a non-painful inflammation in the popliteal fossa. In adults, its aetiology is secondary to problems that cause distension of the knee joint. It is often associated with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Occasionally, the cyst may become oversized and rupture with the consequent leakage of synovial fluid into adjacent tissues, presenting a clinical course similar to acute thrombophlebitis. Infection of a popliteal cyst is an uncommon complication and is associated with septic arthritis. In this paper, we present the case of a patient, an intravenous drug user (IVDU), who developed a spontaneous infection of a Baker’s cyst secondary to Staphylococcus aureus, which was diagnosed in the emergency department (ED) using point-of-care-ultrasound (POCUS).

Figure 1. Within the posterior aspect of the left calf on the medial aspect there is an extremely large cystic lesion measuring 18.7 cm in length and 4 cm in width with no adverse features. The cystic lesion is communicating with the semimembranosus/medial head gastrocnemius bursa more proximally in the knee where it demonstrates internal echoes and synovial thickening and a single septation.
A TOMADA DE POSIÇÃO (STANCE-TAKING) NA INTERPRETAÇÃO INTERLÍNGUE DE LÍNGUA DE SINAIS
Authors: Pereira Maria Cristina Pires 
Published: May 2019

A tomada de posição (stance-taking), embora estudada majoritariamente, em língua inglesa, é um item discursivo e interacional que influencia qualquer língua e, de uma forma especial, a interpretação interlíngue. Por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica, defino e sistematizo a tomada de posição, traçando paralelos desde as línguas orais até conseguirmos visualizar como esta se manifesta na interpretação de línguas de sinais.
AS BELLES INFIDÈLES E OS ROMÂNTICOS ALEMÃES
Authors: Santana-Dezmann Vanete 
Published: May 2019

O presente artigo relaciona a ascensão da tradição de tradução de cunho prático e filosófico conhecida como Belles Infidèles, que se estabeleceu na França do século XVII, ao contexto que a possibilitou, ressaltando que sua valorização ocorreu em virtude da necessidade que os franceses sentiam de preservar sua língua e cultura – de certa forma, já estabelecidas e dominantes –, bem como explica por que tal tradição não prosperou entre os tradutores nos estados germânicos.
TRADUTORES DE MACHADO DE ASSIS:
Authors: HATJE-FAGGION Válmi 
Published: May 2019

A contribuição de tradutores no fomento de obras de Machado de Assis (1839-1908) em inglês tem se mostrado bastante relevante desde os anos 1920, se intensificou nos anos 1990 e continua em expansão no século XXI. Entretanto, pouco se sabe sobre as motivações que levaram os tradutores a se empenhar em elaborar obras desse escritor para o inglês. Os depoimentos dados por diferentes tradutores podem fornecer informações importantes e até mesmo curiosas sobre as razões subjacentes à publicação de uma tradução em outra cultura (BASSNETT, 1993; 1998). Eles podem evidenciar, por exemplo, como e por que os tradutores formularam sua tradução, suas concepções de tradução e como seus procedimentos podem constituir um discurso e uma (micro) história sobre o tradutor e o traduzir (MUNDAY, 2013; 2014). Neste ensaio, aborda-se a história da tradução e do tradutor para o inglês de Memórias póstumas de Brás Cubas, de Machado de Assis, a partir de textos suplementares (NEWMARK, 1988) ou de fontes textuais primárias (MUNDAY, 2013) dos dois tradutores americanos relacionados à referida tradução. Esses textos incluem, entre outras informações, as entrevistas pessoais concedidas pelos tradutores William L. Grossman e Gregory Rabassa. Serão considerados, mais especificamente, esses dois tradutores americanos de romances de Machado de Assis com base nos estudos descritivos da tradução e do tradutor. Os dados obtidos pela voz dos tradutores em diferentes textos suplementares revelam diversas motivações (marketing, poética, ideologia e cultura) na elaboração da tradução de Memórias póstumas de Brás Cubas publicada nos Estados Unidos, na Inglaterra e no Brasil (em inglês).