bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Platelet Thromboxane Synthesis In Normotensive And Hypertensive Pregnancies With Insufficient Fetal Growth
Authors: Wallenburg H C S , Rotmans P 
Published: July 2018

In normal pregnancy platelet aggregation and blood flow in the uterine arteries could be modulated by the balance between the prostacyclin-generating system in the uterine arterial walls and the thromboxane-generating system in platelets. Since hypertensive pregnancies and pregnancies complicated by insufficient fetal growth are characterized
by a diminished uteroplacental blood flow,the present study was performed to investigate platelet thromboxane synthesis in these conditions.Material and methods. The study was performed in a control group of 27 women with uncomplicated pregnancies and adequate-for-gestational age (AGA)infants(group I),23 women with uncomplicated pregnancies but small-for-gestational age(SGA) infants(group II); 18 women with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and AGA-infants(group III); 16 women
with PIH and SGA infants(group V).All women were investigated in the last trimester of pregnancy. Venous blood was obtained in EDTA. Platelet aggregation was induced with thrombin( l I.U./ml final concentration)in platelet-rich plasma, and the amount of malondehyde(MDA)generated was measured spectrophotometrically after reaction with thiobarbituric acid. The amount of MDA is equivalent to that of HHT and a measure of the formation of thromboxane.Results. The amount of MDA (mmol/109 platelets ± S.D.)formed in group I was 5.35±0.8, in group II 6.32± 1.4,in group III 6.3 ± 1.5, and in group IV 6.4 ± 1.8. Groups II, III and IV were not different from each other, but were all significantly higher than group I(p < 0.01).Conclusion. The results indicate that pregnant women with a high incidence of a compromised uterine circulation-normotensive with SGA, hypertensive with AGA or SGA- as a group exhibit a more active platelet thromboxane-synthesis. This might be due to defective production of PGI2 by the uterine arterial wall.
Thrombocytopaenia, Thromboxane And Prostacyclin Production During The Forssman Reaction In The Guinea-Pig: Effect Of A Thromboxane Synthetase Inhibitor
Authors: Westwick J , Butler K , Honey A , Krishnamurthi S , Kakkar V V 
Published: July 2018

Intra venous (iv) injection of Forssman antibody into the guinea-pig (GP) is known to result in a rapid antigen antibody reaction in the lungs leading to bronchospasm and thrombocytopaenia. Death as a result of Forssman shock has been shown to be complement and platelet dependentGroups of 5 Duncan-Hartley GP (350-400g) received either 0.2ml (sub lethal groups) or 0.6ml (lethal groups) of rabbit anti Forssman antiserum (RAFA) iv, then 5ml blood samples were collected via carotid artery cannula, into 0.5ml ice cold EDTA (lOOmM) and indomethacin (180μM) mixture at 0, 1, 3 and 5 min. post injection. The blood samples were rapidly centrifuged at 15,000g for 3 min, plasma removed and frozen at -20°C until assayed. The plasma was then assayed for TxB2 and 6-oxo-PGF1α using specific RIA’s. There was a marked TxB2 production during the thrombocytopaenia with a concomitant small increase in 6-oxo-PGF1α production.However, when groups of 5 GPs were dosed iv with 0, 1, 3 or 10 mg/kg of UK-37, 248, a potent and selective thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, 3 mins prior to 0.2ml of RAFA the resulting thrombocytopaenia was not inhibited at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10 and 15 min post RAFA. Thus thromboxane production does not appear to be contributory to the Forssman induced thrombocytopaenia in the GP.
Influence Of Noise On Blood Coagulation
Authors: Chohan I S , Singh I , Rai R M 
Published: July 2018

Subtle evidence exists that exposure to higher level of noise.beyond a critical normal limit of 85 decibels(db),leads to development of systemic hypertension,abnormal ECG changes, and impaired function of cardiac muscle in man. Its effects on blood coagulation are not known.A study Y’as conducted in albino female rats, 56 months old,which were exposed to a continuous noise of 110 db,for 2 hr daily,5 days a week,over a period of 3 weeks. Pour grouus,each of 8 rats, were studied. The unexposed animals acted as controls. The desired level of noise vas generated by masking system of an audiometer. Bleeding time (ET),plasma fibrinogen levels, and the activated Dartial thromboplastin time(APTT) were estimated before and after the noise exposure. Compared with controls,the noise exposure resulted in significantly orolonged BT(from 56.9 ± 5.2 to 79.9 ± 11.8 sec), higher plasma fibrinogen levels(from 116.7 ± 6.5 to 177.5 ± 6.9 mg/dl),and progressively shorter APTT(from 15.6 ± 1.01 to 13.9 .± 1.08 sec) in the test animals at the end of three weeks.These changes are suggestive of coagulopathy induced by the noise stress. These adverse changes in blood coagulation,if confirmed in man, may predispose him to heart diseases. Those suffering from myocardial infarction and hypertension do overreact to adverse audiogenic stimuli by a rise in cortico-adrenal activity,plasma cholesterol, and 17-HOCS levels. This study indicates the need for an enquiry in the coagulation mechanism in humans exposed to varied degree of noise. Noise, therefore,poses a grave threat to environmental health.
Haemorrhagic Disorders Following Liver Cell Necrosis. Pathogenetic Investigations In Pigs
Authors: Fritsche H M , Sommoggy St V , Stemberger A , Fischer M , Blümel G 
Published: July 2018

It is well known that acute hepatic failure due to liver cell necrosis is frequently complicated by severe haemorrhagic disorders.In order to establish a therapeutic concept we have studied the pathogenetic mechanism of the clotting changes in a reproducible animal model. Pigs were exposed to complete liver ischemia for 180 min resulting in liver cell necrosis. Before, during and after temporary liver ischemia clotting changes were investigated by global and specific tests up to 48 hours after the ischemic lesion. The concentration of the coagulation factors I, II, X (measured with chromogenic substrates), V and VII (measured with deficient plasma) decreased significantly after the liver ischemia. The disappearing rate of factors with short and long half life time was nearly identical. Simultaneously fibrinogen-fibrin degradation-products and thrombocytopenia and pathy were observed. Besides this the plasmatic inhibitors antithrom III (AT III) and antiplasmin as well as plasminogen (measured with chromogenic substrates) decreased markedly showing minimum values 24 hours after the ischemic lesion. However, an increase in endogenous heparin liberation was not detecte.
Experimental Investigations On The Haemorrhagic Disorders In
Combined Injury Of Irradiation And Traumatic Lesion
Authors: Fritsche H M , Wustrow Th , Messerschmid O , Blümel G 
Published: July 2018

The significance of combined injury of whole-body irradiation and traumatic lesion on hemostasis has become interesting since severe bleeding tendency has been reported in people involved in radiation accidents. The present investigations were made in an attempt to characterize the haemorrhagic disorders following combined injury in comparison with the coagulation defect induced by irradiation or traumatic lesion exclusively.45 rabbits of both sexes were divided into five groups. Animals were sham irradiated,inflicted with an autologous hematoma as a trauma,whole-body irradiated with 500 R X-rays or inflicted with a combination of irradiation and autologous hematoma or skin- wound. Already 24 hours after irradiation a highly significant prolongation of the activated partial thromboplastin time has been observed. The concentration of factor X and fibrinogen increased in all irradiated animals 24 hours after irradiation. Following the combined injury of irradiation and skin-wound,such increases were significantly higher than those after irradiation exclusively .The activities of antithrombin III and antiplasmin, measured with chromogenic substrates,increased after irradiation as well as after combined injuries. In addition platelet adhesiveness and aggregability measured with the collagen-induced platelet aggregation test according to BORN and the platelet adhesion test according to MORRIS increased rapidly 24 hours after combined injuries followed by a significant decrease of platelet count. Inspite of the increased levels of fibrinogen and factor X we could register a hypocoagulability with a significant increase of plasmatic protease inhibitors and an insufficiency of platelet coagulation system after combined injuries. These findings are under consideration in radiotherapy of operated patients,in radiation burn or other radiation damages combined by traumatic lesions.
Anticoagulants Produced by Thrombin from Fibrin, the Effect on Blood Coagulation, Some Physical Characteristics
Authors: Muirhead Ch R. , Triantaphyllopoulos D. C 
Published: July 2018

SummaryChromatographed thrombin in the presence of both 50 Kallikrein inhibitor units of Trasylol per ml and 0.1 M E-ACA solubilized fibrin and the products of lysis possessed anticoagulant properties. The peak of the antithrombic activity coincided with the time of complete lysis of the fibrin clot, plasmin lysed fibrin exhibited the peak of its antithrombic activity much earlier. The effect of thrombin lysed fibrin on the prothrombin consumption of shed blood was found to be inhibitory.The products of the digestion of fibrin by thrombin and by plasmin, isolated at an advanced stage of proteolysis were compared by gel filtration, disc electrophoresis and DEAE cellulose chromatography. Differences in physical characteristics of these fibrin breakdown products offer evidence that they were produced by two different enzymes.
Effects of a Variety of Endotoxins on Human and Rabbit Platelet Function
Authors: Nagayama M , Zucker M. B , Beller F. K 
Published: July 2018

SummaryEndotoxin from Salmonella typhosa or enteritidis, Escherichia coli, or Serratia marcescens caused platelet aggregation, release of platelet-bound 14C-serotonin and development of platelet factor 3 activity when shaken at 37 °C with heparinized platelet-rich plasma (10 units/ml) from rabbits. The relative activity in each test differed for each agent. Endotoxoid only released 14C-serotonin. With human platelet-rich plasma, Salmonella typhosa, E. coli or Serratia marcescens endotoxin failed to induce aggregation or platelet factor 3 activity but caused slow release of platelet-bound 14C-serotonin. Earlier studies showed that endotoxemia in man or endotoxoid injection in rabbits was associated with thrombocytopenia without shock or disseminated intravascular coagulation. This effect appears to correlate with release of 14C-serotonin from platelets in vitro.
Inhibition of Fibrinolysis in Post-Traumatic Death
Authors: Rammer L , Saldeen T 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe fibrinolytic system was studied in a number of autopsy cases. It was found that in contrast to most of the other autopsy cases those persons who had died later than 1 day after trauma, especially cases of fat embolism, often showed inhibition of fibrinolysis combined with the presence of intravascular fibrin in the pulmonary vessels. The importance of this observation for the pathogenesis and diagnosis of the fat embolism syndrome is discussed.
Further Studies on the Effect of Dextran of Various Molecular Weight on the Coagulation Mechanism
Authors: Nilsson Inga Marie , Eiken Oddvar 
Published: July 2018

SummaryDextran fractions of different molecular weights were given to dogs in order to ascertain at which molecular weight dextran interferes with the coagulation factors.1. Infusions of dextran with an average molecular weight of 130,000 (Intradex®) and in doses of 1.5 g dextran per kg body weight induced a moderate coagulation defect. There was a slight prolongation of the bleeding time and a slight drop in platelet count. Values for AHF, factor V, prothrombin and factor VII, and fibrinogen declined by 10 to 40% of the original values.2. Infusions of dextran with an average molecular weight of 75,000 (Macrodex®) in doses of 1.5 g per kg body weight did not produce any significant changes in bleeding time and platelet count. The AHF level decreased by 40% and the levels of prothrombin and factor VII, factor V and fibrinogen by about 10% of the original values. In a dose of 2 g per kg body weight this fraction produced a significant coagulation defect with a fall of the various coagulation factors by about 40 to 50%.3. A dextran fraction with an average molecular weight of 60,000 in doses of 1.5 g per kg body weight did not prolong the bleeding time and caused only a very slight decrease in platelet count. There were no changes in the values for AHF, factor V, prothrombin and factor VII but a slight drop occurred in the fibrinogen levels.4. Dextran with an average molecualr weight of 40,000 (Rheomacrodex ® ) in doses of 1.5 g per kg body weight did not affect the bleeding time or the platelet count. Nor did any significant decline occur in the amounts of the other coagulation factors.No changes in the Duke or in the Ivy bleeding times were observed in human beings given Macrodex® and Rheomacrodex® in doses of 1 g per kg body weight.Intradex® and Macrodex® in doses of up to 1-1.5 g per kg bodyweight to persons with normal blood coagulation are considered not associated with any appreciable risk of haemorrhage, but they are contraindicated in patients with haemorrhagic diathesis. The experiments indicate that Rheomacrodex® in similar doses does not incur any risk of haemorrhage.
A Study in Viscosity and Clotting of Blood in Haemophiliacs*
Authors: Dintenfass L , Castaldi P 
Published: July 2018

SummaryViscosity and clotting of blood were studied an a series of eight haemophilic (Factor VIII deficiency) patients. A cone-in-cone rotational viscometer was employed. Viscosity was determined over a range of rates of shear (0.04- 100 sec-1). Blood was found to be thixotropic, but great variations were observed between the individual cases. The extreme difference in viscosity between the severe and the mild haemophiliacs was 20-fold.A tendency was observed for the clotting time to decrease with an increase in the velocity gradient. Clotting time was found also to decrease with an increase in temperature if determined at high rates of shear.
Investigations on Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) Induced Platelet Adhesiveness in Vitro* Part II. Studies on the Mechanism
Authors: Skålhegg B. A , Hellem A. J , Ödegaard A. E 
Published: July 2018

SummaryAn attempt to clarify the ADP platelet reaction has been done by investigating the effect of substances which inhibit the reaction in vitro. The inhibitors used may be divided into two groups. Monoiodo acetic acid, molecular iodine, para-chloro mercuribenzoic acid and potassium ferricyanid lead to noncompetitive inhibition. Substances containing free -SH groups and adenine conjugates show competitive inhibition.The primary bleeding time is prolonged when wounds are flushed with solutions of these compounds.It is shown that adenosine tetraphosphate aggregates platelets in the same manner as ADP.Based upon these observations an attempt is made to explain some of the steps involved in the ADP platelet reaction.
Turnover and Distribution of 131Iodine-Labelled Human Fibrinogen
Authors: Amris Annemarie , Amris C. J 
Published: July 2018

Summary14 patients (5 diabetics with arteriosclerotic complications, 4 patients with thrombo-embolic disease, 4 with cirrhosis, coagulation defects and increased fibrinolytic activity, and 1 cancer patient) and 3 control patients were subjected to turnover studies with 13iodine labelled human fibrinogen.Half-life times in the control patients were found to be 4 days, the fractional turnover rates 19–23 per cent, of intravascular fibrinogen per day, and the absolute turnover 0.02 to 0.06 gm per day per kg. body weight. The other patient’s half-life times and turnover rates varied considerably from 0.9–5.5 days, 13–160 per cent, per day of intravascular fibrinogen and 0.02–0.4 gm per day per kg. body weight respectively.As fibrinogen unlike other proteins subjected to turnover studies, is converted to fibrin, it is not possible to measure the true intra-extravascular distribution ratio of fibrinogen. But intravascular fibrinogen could be approximated to constitute 68–99 per cent, of the total fibrinogen. There is justification in believing that fibrinogen is degradated through a continuous coagulation in equilibrium with fibrinolysis, and that the organism contains a greater mass of fibrin, the “fibrin pool”. Considerations of the turnover mechanism can however only be hypothetical.
A Study of the Cation-and pH-Dependent Stability of Factors V and VIII in Plasma*
Authors: Weiss HJ 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe in vitro lability of factors V and VIII in plasma has been studied. In agreement with previous reports, an increase in anticoagulant concentration renders both factors more labile (cation-deficient decay), as does an increase in the pH above 7.3 (alkaline-decay). Calcium appears to be the plasma cation which protects factors V and VIII against in vitro loss of activity. The protection obtained by the addition of other divalent cations depended on the type of plasma used. When resin-EDTA plasma was made cation free by dialysis at 4° C and then incubated at 37° C, the rapid loss of factors V and VIII activity could be prevented by prior addition of strontium, manganese and magnesium. In oxalate plasma, nickel, manganese, cadmium and strontium were effective.The alkaline decay of both factors V and VIII is irreversible. Partial reversibility of the cation-deficient decay was demonstrated for factor V, but not for factor VIII. The temperature coefficient for both the cation-deficient and alkaline decay is 2-3, suggesting an enzymatic rather than a physical reaction.There was no evidence to implicate thrombin, plasmin or trypsin since inhibitors of these enzymes failed to modify either type of decay.
Edude d’un Cas avec Déficit Congénital en Facteur XIII (FSF)
Authors: Tsevrenis H , Mandalaki T , Chouliaras Ch , Tzimas S 
Published: July 2018

RésuméLes auteurs rapportent un cas nouveau de syndrome hémorragique congénital lié à un déficit en facteur XIII (F S F) le premier observé en Grèce.
The Conversion of Prothrombin in the Intrinsic System*
Authors: Müller G. H 
Published: July 2018

SummaryA method is described for formation and partial isolation of intrinsic activator (I.A.). The term intrinsic activator of prothrombin conversion is used instead of blood thromboplastin to avoid ambiguity.The reaction of a purified prothrombin, I.A. and calcium in the thrombin formation is studied in different experiments. The following results are given as conclusion :A determinated amount of calcium is necessary for the full activity of the intrinsic activator. Calcium is probably fixed to the I.A. A too high concentration of calcium produces inhibition.The I.A. behaves as an enzyme in prothrombin conversion, prothrombin as a substrate.
Effects of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B on the Coagulation Mechanism and Leukocytic Response in Beagle Dogs – A Preliminary Study
Authors: Gilbert Ch. F 
Published: July 2018

SummaryTen beagle dogs were given highly purified staphylococcal enterotoxin B intravenously and were observed and bled at intervals during a 55-day-period. Pre- and postchallenge determinations of the whole blood clotting time, clot retraction, clot lysis, total white and differential cell count, prothrombin time, and partial thromboplastin time were performed on each sample. An abnormality was indicated by each test at some point during the testing period with the exception of clot lysis. The most frequent and more severe abnormalities occurred within the first four days after challenge. The results indicate that alterations of the clotting mechanism do occur after administration of staphylococcal enterotoxin and suggests that the plasma factors are primarily involved. Changes in the leukocytic response appear to be similar to those sometimes observed in a severe bacterial infection.
Radioablación por laparoscopia de masas renales pequeñas en pacientes octogenarios: técnica paso a paso
Authors: Delgado Natalia , Forero Jorge , Varela Rodolfo , Cabrera F Marino 
Published: July 2018

Introducción La cirugía preservadora de nefronas sigue siendo el gold standard de manejo en pacientes con tumores renales pequeños. La ablación por radiofrecuencia es una alternativa mínimamente invasiva con evidencia sustancial en efectividad en la erradicación tumoral completa.
Objetivo Reportar el caso y la técnica paso a paso de la radioablación laparoscópica de un tumor renal en un centro de oncología de III nivel de Bogotá - Colombia.
Materiales y Métodos Revisión de la historia clínica de un paciente con hallazgo incidental de una masa renal pequeña sometido a radioablación laparoscópica en un centro de oncología de III nivel de Bogotá.
Conclusión La ablación por radiofrecuencia es una alternativa válida para el tratamiento de tumores renales pequeños, especialmente en adultos mayores y con alto riesgo quirúrgico, ofreciendo tasas de supervivencia libre de enfermedad comparables con la nefrectomía parcial.
Factores de riesgo de estenosis de cuello vesical asociada a prostatectomía radical por carcinoma prostático – experiencia en un único centro
Authors: Sánchez-Rodríguez Carlos , González-Valverde Francisco Miguel 
Published: July 2018

Resumen
Objetivo La estenosis de la anastomosis uretrovesical (EAU-V) afecta al 8,4% de pacientes intervenidos de prostatectomía radical retropúbica por cáncer. Nuestro propósito fue estudiar los factores de riesgo de estenosis de cuello vesical asociada a prostatectomía radical por carcinoma prostático en nuestro centro.
Material y Métodos Estudio de casos-controles en una cohorte constituida por 120 pacientes intervenidos por adenocarcinoma prostático entre 2005 y 2012. Realizamos un análisis descriptivo de la muestra y el cálculo de la incidencia de EAU-V, un análisis univariante de los factores asociados mediante la t de Student y la chi cuadrado de Pearson, un análisis del tiempo transcurrido hasta la aparición de estenosis y una predicción del riesgo de EAU-V.
Resultados La incidencia de EAU-V tras prostatectomía radical en nuestro servicio fue del 22,5%. Encontramos mayor riesgo en aquellos pacientes con débito por drenaje Jackson-Pratt (J-P) mayor de 500cc, drenaje J-P retirado después del tercer día, estancia superior a 8 días, hemoglobina postoperatoria baja, PSA preoperatorio bajo, densidad de PSA elevada o que fueron intervenidos por el cirujano 1 o 5. Todas las estenosis se produjeron en los 3 primeros años tras la cirugía. Los pacientes con un débito del drenaje por encima de 500cc y en los que el drenaje se retiró después del tercer día tienen 7,7 y 3,2 veces, respectivamente, más riesgo de padecer una EAU-V.
Conclusiones Nuestra incidencia de EAU-V y sus factores asociados coinciden con los publicados. El modelo predictivo desarrollado tiene utilidad meramente teórica ya que no abarca la totalidad de los factores que pueden influir en la aparición de la estenosis.