bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of selected dosimetric parameters of two Hodgkin Lymphoma radiotherapy techniques with reference to potential risk of radiation induced heart disease
Authors: Alibeyki Elias , Karimkhani Saeid , Saadatmand Sepide , Shokrani Parvaneh 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Purpose: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is one of the most frequent malignancies among pediatric patients. One of the common causes of death in HL survivors after radiation therapy (RT), is radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD). The aim of this study was to compare several dosimetric parameters for two methods of early stage Hodgkin lymphoma radiotherapy with reference to potential risk of RIHD.
Materials and Methods: Using a series of computed tomography slices of 40 young patients, treatment planning was done in two methods of HL RT, including involved field (IFRT) and involved site (ISRT) in doses of 20, 30, and 35 Gy. Contouring of clinical target volume as well as the organs at risk, including the heart, was performed by a radiation oncologist. The mean and maximum dose of heart (Dheart-mean and Dheart-max), the volume of heart receiving a dose more than 25 Gy (V25), and the standard deviation of dose as a dose homogeneity index in heart, were used to compare the RIHD risk.
Results: The mean value for Dheart-mean in ISRT method in all doses was less compare to IFRT. Maximum reduction in mean value of Dheart-mean occurred at moving from 30 Gy IFRT to ISRT by 9.53 Gy (p < 0.001) and minimum was between 35 Gy IFRT and ISRT. The mean value for Dheart-max was fewer in IFRT rather than ISRT and the maximum difference was between 35 Gy IFRT and ISRT (1.35 Gy). The mean of V25 of heart was 26.66% and 23.74% in 35 Gy IFRT and ISRT, respectively, and dose distribution was more homogeneous in IFRT.
Conclusions: If Dheart-max and V25 of heart or homogeneity of dose distribution in heart are considered as determining factors in RIHD, then IFRT can be considered optimum, especially in 35 Gy IFRT; while, assuming the Dheart-mean as the most important factor in RIHD, superiority of ISRT over IFRT is observed.
The Importance of Cyclin D1, P53, Cd56 Antigen Expression in Plasma Cells and its Correlation with Serological and Clinical Parameters in Patients with Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Nazarovs Jurijs , Kleina Regīna , Lejniece Sandra 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
CD56, p53, and Cyclin D1 detection in plasma cells (PC) can help to predict prognosis of multiple myeloma (MM). Clinical and biochemical prognostic parameters were analysed in a group of 122 patients with primary diagnosed MM in the period 2011–2015. Bone marrow biopsies were analysed with Cyclin D1, p53, CD56 antibodies. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel 2010 and Graph Pad Prism 5. Lack of CD56 expression and p53-positivity were significantly correlated with a low glomerular filtration rate (GFR), low platelet count and haemoglobin level, as well as with high serum creatinine levels. Patients with Cyclin D1 expression in PC had a significantly higher serum calcium level and more common osteolytic lesion in bones. CD56-negative as well as p53, Cyclin D1-positive groups had advanced Salmon–Durie MM stages by and significantly higher ß2-microglobulin. Expression of p53, Cyclin D1 and lack of CD56 antigen in PC are negative predictive factors in cases of MM, as these patients were diagnosed as having late Salmon–Durie stage and higher ß2-microglobulin level. Expression of p53 and lack of CD56 antigen in PC is associated with an increased creatinine level in blood and decreased GFR; therefore, these are criteria for chronic renal failure progression and poorer prognosis of MM.
Forms and Effectiveness of the Client's Influence on the Market Value of Property - Case Study
Authors: Kucharska-Stasiak Ewa , Źróbek Sabina , Cellmer Radosław 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Although real estate valuation is supposed to make the market transparent, it has been noted to be partial in many countries. Analysis of literature and results of the statistical analysis of survey responses of Polish property appraisers indicated that: Property valuers operate in an environment which exerts influence on the final result of valuation. The attempts of the client to influence the valuation process and their effectiveness do not depend on the gender and age of the property appraiser. The problem of valuation bias should be seen in the weakness of the system enforcing compliance with ethical standards, with this being an area which requires reinforcement in many countries.
An Attempt to Identify Social – Economic Factors in the Levels Of Property Prices in Chosen Cities in Poland
Authors: Kokot Sebastian 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Property prices vary on different local real estate markets. Even considering only the largest cities, great disproportions between average unit prices can easily be observed. This problem involves all segments of the real estate market, yet, because of the social & economic importance of housing properties, it takes on special importance on the apartment market. In Warsaw - the capital of Poland and the largest Polish city - prices exceed PLN 10,000 per 1m2 in the best locations and the average price at the end of 2016 in the entire city came to over PLN 7,500 per 1m2. At the sme time, however, average prices in other agglomerations, such as Łódź or Katowice, were equal to approx. PLN 3,500 per 1m2. It is only natural to ask what factors, especially social & economic, contribute to such considerable differences in house prices. This article addresses a group of potential factors underlying the prices of apartments, which have been studied statistically in correlation with average unit prices of apartments in chosen cities.
Critical Heat Flux Determination of Electric Cable Insulation
Authors: Rantuch Peter , Štefko Tomáš , Martinka Jozef 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Electric cables can contribute to the spread of fire through the insulating layer. This paper focuses on their properties characterizing the initiation of fire. Samples of ethylene-based cable insulation were tested using a cone calorimeter by exposing them to external heat flows of six different values (25 kW m−2 – 50 kW m−2). Time to initiate flame burning was observed. The critical heat flux (depending on the method of calculation was in the range 2.94 kW m−2 – 4.59 kW m−2) and the thermal response parameter (342 kW s−0.5 m−2) was calculated from the time of initiation and external heat flow dependence.
Fire Risk of Halogen-Free Electrical Cable
Authors: Martinka Jozef , Rantuch Peter , Wachter Igor , Balog Karol 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This paper deals with the fire risk of a selected halogen-free electrical cable. The research was objected to a three-core power electric cable for a fixed installation CHKE J3x1.5 (cross section of each copper core was 1.5 mm2) with a declared class of reaction to fire B2ca, s1, d1, a1. The electrical cable was manufactured and supplied by VUKI, a. s., Slovakia. The fire risk of the electric cable was evaluated based on the heat release rate, total heat release, smoke release rate, total smoke release and effective heat of combustion. These parameters were measured using a cone calorimeter at 50 kW m−2 (specimens and cone emitter were placed horizontally during the test). The measured electrical cable showed a maximum heat release rate of nearly 150 kW m−2, a maximum average heat emission rate of almost 100 kW m−2, a total heat release of almost 130 MJ m−2, a maximum smoke release rate of almost 2.5 s−1, a total smoke release of more than 800 m2 m−2, an effective heat of combustion (cable as a whole) of nearly 9 MJ kg−1 and an effective heat of emission (polymeric parts of the cable) of 26.5 MJ kg−1.
Problems with Tribological Testings of Marketable Oils Using Laboratory Model Test Rigs
Authors: Rigo Jürgen , Kovačócy Pavel 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
An important point in Tribology is mechanical-dynamic testing of lubricants and materials under stress and the interpretation of the results obtained therefrom. Widely-used test methods are often applied to test the performance of lubricants e.g. test results determined by tribometers should be treated carefully when using marketable oils. A closer evaluation of these results is part of this research paper. Within this study, several marketable oils were used and experimentally investigated. These were a gear oil, two engine oils, one hydraulic oil, one metal working fluid and one forming oil. There were several distinct differences. On the one hand, the used oils differ significantly in terms of their performance in the individual test methods. This is not surprising but has a clear reason in the different compositions of the lubricants resulting from their respective application. By subjecting these oils to diverse test methods with different test equipment, the results can vary widely and result in completely dissimilar results from the tests. Thus, a metalworking oil appears excellently when determining the welding force in the four-ball apparatus. In the high frequency liear oscillation tester, on the other hand, barely usable results are generated. Thus, there are two contradictory statements that should be the same.
Methods for Efficiency Improvement of Production and Logistic Processes
Authors: Kovács György 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
In the changing economic environment, global competition where the customer demands are changing continuously, the enterprises have to focus on cost reduction, efficiency improvement, higher productivity and profitability. In the production, the resources (raw materials, humans, machines, equipment, etc.) are always limited. It is very important for the manufacturing companies to produce cost effective final products in a short lead time which can be achieved by minimized cost and higher effectiveness, and therefore, efficiency improving methods are needed. There are lot of tools and sophisticated methods for design, analysis and improvement of production and logistical processes. The author introduces the most often applied methods for it, which are the simulation, Lean method and layout design. The paper summarizes the characteristics, typical application fields of these methods and the reasons for application of these. Main aims of logistics process improvement and the main steps and advantages of the described methods are introduced.
Comparative Analysis of the Results of Measuring Roundness
Authors: Némedi Imre , Sánta Róbert , Fürstner Igor , Košt’ál Peter 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Coordinate measuring machines are devised for most complex measurements. Besides their dimension measuring abilities, the CNC operated machines can measure geometrical characteristics of form, such as straightness, roundness, cylindricity, etc. These are vital features currently, when inspection needs to submit very thorough reports not only on the form, but also on the geometrical features of the given workpiece. Yet the question arises: are these measuring data regarding roundness received from the CMM accurate and reliable enough to be exploited? In order to confirm this statement, the geometrical roundness characteristics were measured on three types of coordinate measuring machines, the results of which were analyzed from several aspects. The results showed a special importance of specific measuring parameters and proved to be independent of the type of measuring machines.
Using Virtual Reality as a Support Tool for the Offline Robot Programming
Authors: Holubek Radovan , Ružarovský Roman , Delgado Sobrino Daynier Rolando 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The present article focuses on the possibilities of using Virtual Reality (VR) as a supporting tool by using the offline programming method for industrial robots. The philosophy of using such a process is hierarchically linked to the observance of methodological procedures for the proposal new workstations with using industrial robots. First, it is necessary to develop CAD models of the projected workplace, which can be imported into a suitable simulation environment for the creation of robotic simulations with support for visualization to the immersive VR environment. In our case, the CAD software Catia was used to develop a workstation, followed by integration of the CAD database into the simulation environment of Process Simulate (PS). Support for the visualization in the immersive environment of the Virtual Reality of Process Simulate was vested using the glasses headset HTC VIVE.
Integrative Programming of Production and Preventive Maintenance Tasks in an Environment of Identical Parallel Machines: Proposal of a Construction Heuristic
Authors: Delgado Sobrino Daynier Rolando , Díaz Cazañas Ronald , Ružarovský Roman , Holubek Radovan 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The article presents a constructive heuristic for the integrated programming of production orders and preventive maintenance (PM) interventions in an environment of identical parallel machines, aimed at minimizing the completion time of the last scheduled job (makespan). Unlike other proposals found in the literature, the one here considers that the time between preventive interventions is not previously known, but instead, this is assumed as one of the decision variables of the system in the beginning of each of these interventions; in addition, the proposal also considers the possibility that not all jobs have the same release time. The design of the heuristic algorithm is based on the general approach of the Longest Processing Time dispatch rule, with a slight modification in its conception to consider the random character of the equipment failures and their impact on the execution time of the tasks. Consequently, a simple dispatch rule called rj - LPT was also proposed to comply with one of the steps of the heuristic, as well as an algorithm to determine the minimum dimension for the makespan, which constitutes the basis of the stop criterion linked to the initial solution.
Influence of Finish Milling Strategies on the Tool Wear
Authors: Zaujec Rudolf , Pokorný Peter , Jurina František , Vopát Tomáš , Šimna Vladimír 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The article deals with the tool life of ball nose end mills during finish milling of weld deposit. The aim was to determine and compare the wear of ball nose end mill for different types of ball end milling strategies, as well as to specify particular steps of the measurement process. For tool life test, DMG DMU 85 monoBLOCK 5-axis CNC milling machine was used. In the experiment, the cutting speeds, feed rates, axial and radial depth of cut were constant. The coated cemented carbide was used as tool material. The cutting tool wear was measured on Zoller Genius 3s and laser Blum Micro Compact NT. The results show different achieved tool life of ball nose end mills depending on the finish milling strategy.
Factors that Determine the Capital Structure: An Empirical Study on Low-cost Airlines
Authors: Kiracı Kasım , Aydin Nurhan 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that determine the capital structure of low-cost airlines. Accordingly, it is aimed to test the factors that determine the capital structure in low-cost airlines in the context of capital structure theories. In the study, 15 airline companies, which had continuous financial data during the 2004-2015 period, were examined empirically. Panel data analysis was used as a method in the study. Findings of the study show that low-cost airlines generally operate based on the trade-off theory while borrowing in the short-term and based on the pecking order theory while borrowing in the long-term.
Calculation Method of the Proposed Unemployment Gender Inequality Indicator
Authors: Faďoš Marina , Bohdalová Mária 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The paper describes a new calculation method of the unemployment gender inequality indicator, that was based on the enhancement of the ratio of the unemployment rate of men and women, and on the restriction with the levels of the average unemployment rates. The proposed method of the calculation of the gender inequality indicator eliminates weak spots of the known two methods. Our proposed method was explained and compared with the known two methods, with practical examples using data of Spain, over the sample period 1972-2016. The result of the proposed method is the indicator of the unemployment gender inequality and severity intervals of gender inequality. With severity intervals of the gender inequality, we determine the importance of the gender inequality issue based on the calculated unemployment gender inequality rate.
Control of Early-Age Cracking in Watertight Concrete Structures
Authors: Matiašková Lýdia , Bilčík Juraj , Šoltész Július 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Considering the importance of leaking cracks in terms of serviceability and durability of watertight concrete structures, emphasis is placed on thermal movements and their effect on foundation slabs and walls. Both members are usually restrained to some degree externally and/or internally. The results indicate that restrained thermal stresses are the primary cause of early-age cracks in concrete members.
This paper offers a discussion of mitigation strategies to prevent the formation and propagation of early-age separating cracks. A FEM-based analysis was used to determine the development of stresses in walls on mat foundations in relation to the crack risk assessment.
The Gradient Anchorage Method for Prestressed CFRP Strips: from the Development to the Strengthening of an 18 M Long Bridge Girder
Authors: Breveglieri Matteo , Czaderski Christoph , Michels Julien 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The external bonding of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips by two-component epoxy adhesive on the concrete surfaces of buildings and bridges is a retrofitting method accepted worldwide. The gradient anchorage (GA) is an anchoring method especially developed to anchor prestressed CFRP strips to concrete elements without a need for mechanical clamping after the installation phase. This method takes advantage of the adhesives property to undergo accelerated curing when heated. The results of more than fifteen years of research on the development of the gradient anchorage at the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) are presented in this paper. The basic principles and application steps are explained, and the main results starting from the development of the technique up to the testing of real scale girders are described, and the new challenges posed by this innovative system are highlighted. The gradient anchorage is a valid alternative to a mechanically anchored system for prestressed FRP (P-FRP).
Crack Assessment of a Very Thick and Bloc-Like Concrete Member
Authors: Heinrich Peter Joachim , Schlicke Dirk 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This paper presents the results of recent research activities on the hardening-induced stresses and the risk of cracking in very thick concrete members. These activities focus on a very large member with bloc-like dimensions. In contrast to typical member types such as ground slabs or foundation walls, bloc-like members are dominated by temperature gradients in all three dimensions (height, width and length) at the same time. Besides, the comparably high stiffness of these members leads to very low external restraints in cases of common applications. In these cases the members considered show distinct eigenstresses (residual stresses or self-balanced stresses) but only low restraint forces and moments. The assessment of the hardening-induced cracking of such members therefore requires a detailed analysis of the temperature and stress fields.
This contribution presents comprehensive investigations on the hardening-induced risk of cracking of a typical bloc-like concrete member in the form of an underwater foundation. The results of the simulation were compared with selected practical observations during the construction of the underwater foundation of a recently built bridge.
The Seismic Investigation of Off-Diagonal Steel Braced RC Frames
Authors: Ramin Keyvan , Maheri Mahmoud R. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Steel bracing may be used to enhance the seismic strength of RC frames. Concentric steel bracing generally reduces ductility, which is a key component of seismic design. To overcome the problem, ductile steel brace-RC frame systems are therefore usually introduced in the form of eccentric braces. In the present study, the Off-Diagonal Bracing System (ODBS), which works as a concentric type of bracing, is investigated. In this paper the response of ODBS elements to cyclic loading is first explored and compared with those of other types of bracing such as X-bracing and inverted-V bracing systems. The time history analysis responses and cyclic hysteresis responses of a number of lowrise to mid-rise RC frames retrofitted with different types of bracing systems are then evaluated and compared. It is shown that under seismic excitation, a much reduced base shear is experienced by frames retrofitted with ODBS compared to other bracing systems. The results of time history and cyclic hysteresis response analyses also indicate a far greater energy dissipation capacity and ductility for the ODBS compared to other bracing systems. It is also concluded that ODBS performs best in lowrise frames. The out-of-plane buckling response of the ODBS is also investigated, and it is shown that a double-plated central connection can control such an adverse response.
How do parking practices structure urban territorial communities?
Authors: Bukowski Andrzej , Nóżka Marcjanna , Smagacz-Poziemska Marta 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
In this article we analyse the socio-spatial contexts and consequences of the practice of car parking in housing estates. Fredrik Barth’s idea of socially constructed boundaries and the theory of social practice form the theoretical basis of our analysis. The empirical material comes from research conducted in 2016 and 2017 in three Polish cities. We analyse the practice of parking in terms of the specific aspect of mobility that is ‘mooring’. The research shows that parking practices influence the structuring of territorial communities in housing estates on two levels: everyday activities, norms and rules, as well as social differences and boundaries in the space occupied by the housing estate.
How to build a community. New Urbanism and its critics
Authors: Łucka Daria 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The focus of the following article will be New Urbanism, an urbanistic movement which originated in the United States and advocated the establishment and reinforcing of communities through planning activities. Its proponents claim that the proper design of space leads to the development of a local community. The article will discuss the main principles of the New Urbanism approach, such as its social doctrine and the concept of neighbourhood. Possible benefits of New Urbanism and critical arguments regarding it will also be analysed.
Authority and urban space in the city landscape
Authors: Myszka Rafał , Niedziółka-Rybak Kinga 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Central areas of major cities have always been of interest to totalitarian regimes. All publicly accessible areas were meant not only to be highlights of the metropolis, but also symbols of political ideologies. In communist times the glamour of the regime was supposed to be reflected in large scale and representative urban and architectural complexes. This article presents some such examples from the era of Soviet domination in Eastern Europe. Following the typology by Krzysztof Nawratek we took a closer look at how the central public space was shaped in Kiev, Warsaw, Sofia, Bucharest and Vilnius.