bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and angiographic characteristics of patients with familial hypercholesterolemia presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Elmaghraby Khaled M. , Abdel-Galeel Ahmed , Osman Amira Harby , Hasan-Ali Hosam , Abdelmegid Mohamed Aboel-Kassem F. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFamilial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a world public health problem that enhances the risk of premature coronary artery disease (CAD) with a high incidence of acute coronary syndrome. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and angiographic characteristics of the patients with and without FH who had ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). It included 690 patients who presented with the first attack of STEMI and underwent primary percutaneous coronary interventions (PPCI). The patients were analyzed to diagnose FH according to the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network (DLCN) criteria. All angiograms were analyzed for the number of diseased vessels, Syntax score, thrombus burden grade, and final Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade. The majority of patients were male (72.6%) with a mean age of 54 ± 12 years. Based on DLCN criteria, they were classified into unlikely/possible FH (86.1%) and probable/definite FH (13.9%) groups. Probable/definite FH patients were significantly younger, and higher incidence of males < 55 years compared with unlikely/possible FH patients (p < 0.001 for each). Moreover, probable/definite FH patients had a higher frequency of three-vessel disease (p = 0.007) and Syntax score (p < 0.001) with a moderate positive correlation with the DLCN score (r = 0.592, p < 0.001). Furthermore, probable/definite FH patients showed a higher thrombus burden and final TIMI slow/no-reflow when compared to the unlikely/possible FH patients (p = 0.006 and p = 0.027, respectively). Patients with probable/definite FH and LDL-C level were independent predictors of high thrombus burden besides males < 55 years, and the number of diseased vessels. In conclusion, STEMI patients with FH were younger males and associated with severe CAD with frequent multivessel CAD, high anatomical complexity of CAD, and frequent high thrombus burden. Furthermore, FH was one of the predictors of high thrombus burden.
Leveraging large-scale Mycobacterium tuberculosis whole genome sequence data to characterise drug-resistant mutations using machine learning and statistical approaches
Authors: Pruthi Siddharth Sanjay , Billows Nina , Thorpe Joseph , Campino Susana , Phelan Jody E. , Mohareb Fady , Clark Taane G. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTuberculosis disease (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is a major global public health problem, resulting in > 1 million deaths each year. Drug resistance (DR), including the multi-drug form (MDR-TB), is challenging control of the disease. Whilst many DR mutations in the Mtb genome are known, analysis of large datasets generated using whole genome sequencing (WGS) platforms can reveal new variants through the assessment of genotype-phenotype associations. Here, we apply tree-based ensemble methods to a dataset comprised of 35,777 Mtb WGS and phenotypic drug-susceptibility test data across first- and second-line drugs. We compare model performance across models trained using mutations in drug-specific regions and genome-wide variants, and find high predictive ability for both first-line (area under ROC curve (AUC); range 88.3–96.5) and second-line (AUC range 84.1–95.4) drugs. To aggregate information from low-frequency variants, we pool mutations by functional impact and observe large improvements in predictive accuracy (e.g., sensitivity: pyrazinamide + 25%; ethionamide + 10%). We further characterise loss-of-function mutations observed in resistant phenotypes, uncovering putative markers of resistance (e.g., ndh 293dupG, Rv3861 78delC). Finally, we profile the distribution of known DR-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms across discretised minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) data generated from phenotypic testing (n = 12,066), and identify mutations associated with highly resistant phenotypes (e.g., inhA − 779G > T and 62T > C). Overall, our work demonstrates that applying machine learning to large-scale WGS data is useful for providing insights into predicting Mtb binary drug resistance and MIC phenotypes, thereby potentially assisting diagnosis and treatment decision-making for infection control.
Quantifying the recovery process of skeletal muscle on hematoxylin and eosin stained images via learning from label proportion
Authors: Yamaoka Yu , Chan Weng Ian , Seno Shigeto , Iwamori Kanako , Fukada So-ichiro , Matsuda Hideo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractVisual observing muscle tissue regeneration is used to measure experimental effect size in biological research to discover the mechanism of muscle strength decline due to illness or aging. Quantitative computer imaging analysis for support evaluating the recovery phase has not been established because of the localized nature of recovery and the difficulty in selecting image features for cells in regeneration. We constructed MyoRegenTrack for segmenting cells and classifying their regeneration phase in hematoxylin–eosin (HE) stained images. A straightforward approach to classification is supervised learning. However, obtaining detailed annotations for each fiber in a whole slide image is impractical in terms of cost and accuracy. Thus, we propose to learn individual recovery phase classification utilizing the proportions of cell class depending on the days after muscle injection to induce regeneration. We extract implicit multidimensional features from the HE-stained tissue images and train a classifier using weakly supervised learning, guided by their class proportion for elapsed time on recovery. We confirmed the effectiveness of MyoRegenTrack by comparing its results with expert annotations. A comparative study of the recovery relation between two different muscle injections shows that the analysis result using MyoRegenTrack is consistent with findings from previous studies.
Kinetic study, byproducts characterization and photodegradation pathway of profoxydim in a biochar water soil system
Authors: Cervantes-Díaz Álvaro , Nieto-Carmona Juan Carlos , Sevilla-Morán Beatriz , Alonso-Prados José Luis , Sandín-España Pilar 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe study focused on the photodegradation of profoxydim, a low-toxicity cyclohexanedione herbicide commonly used in rice crops, under simulated sunlight conditions. Profoxydim’s behavior in paddy field conditions is not well understood, and this research aimed to fill that gap, particularly examining the effect of commonly utilized organic amendments such as biochar (BC) on its degradation. Results indicated that profoxydim degrades rapidly, with a half-life of 2.4 ± 0.3 h in paddy water and 1.03 ± 0.1 h in paddy soil. However, when BC was introduced, the degradation slowed significantly, extending the half-lives to 3.1 ± 0.2 h in water and 3.07 ± 0.5 h in soil. The study identified five degradation products (DPs) using TOF mass accuracy measurements and MS/MS spectra fragmentation. Two of these DPs were found to be more stable than profoxydim itself. Additionally, the research proposed a novel photodegradation pathway, highlighting processes such as homolytic C-N bond cleavage, photoisomerization, and photoinduced oxidation. The study’s findings contribute new insights into the environmental fate of profoxydim, offering a deeper understanding of its transformation in rice paddy fields and aiding in the assessment of potential risks associated with its residues in agricultural environments.
Non-linear relationship between lipid accumulation products and risk of diabetes in Japanese adults
Authors: Zha Fubing , Chen Miaoling , Shan Linlin , Zhao Jingpu , Cao Changchun , Wang Yulong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe lipid accumulation product (LAP) is a novel, sex-specific indicator of lipid accumulation. While previous studies have investigated the relationship between LAP and diabetes, they have not specifically addressed potential sex differences in this association. The present study explores the potential sex-specific differences in the relationship between LAP and diabetes mellitus (DM) risk in the Japanese population. From 2004 to 2015, a total of 15,263 Japanese individuals without DM underwent physical assessments at Murakami Memorial Hospital. The association between LAP and incident diabetes was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression models, incorporating cubic spline functions and smooth curve fitting to identify potential non-linear relationships. Subgroup and sensitivity analysis assessments were conducted to validate the robustness of our findings. After adjusting for covariates, a positive association between LAP and DM risk was observed in both females (HR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00-1.03, P = 0.0138) and males (HR: 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00-1.01, P = 0.0314). A non-linear association between LAP and incident DM was identified for both sexes. The inflection points for LAP were 16.58 for females and 11.11 for males. In females, the HR to the left and right of the inflection point were 1.09 (95% CI: 1.02–1.17) and 1.01 (95% CI: 1.00-1.03), respectively. In males, the HR to the left and right of the inflection point were 0.92 (95% CI: 0.86–0.98) and 1.01 (95% CI: 1.00-1.01), respectively. Sensitivity analysis indicated a stronger association between LAP and DM risk. Elevated baseline LAP levels were associated with an increased risk of incident DM, with the relationship exhibiting non-linear characteristics. These findings suggest that maintaining lower LAP levels may help mitigate the risk of developing diabetes.
The rise of parent led climate movement from care to climate action
Authors: Rodela Romina 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn recent years, new social movements advocating climate action have emerged, varying in demographics and tactics. A notable parent-led movement, driven by the moral imperative to care for future generations, offers a unique perspective on climate action. Despite its growing presence in local and regional debates, it remains under-explored. This Brief Communication highlights the movement’s potential to reshape climate action narratives and introduces an open-access database mapping its global reach, suggesting avenues for future research.
A one health roadmap towards understanding and mitigating emerging Fungal Antimicrobial Resistance: fAMR
Authors: Fisher Matthew C. , Burnett Fiona , Chandler Clare , Gow Neil A. R. , Gurr Sarah , Hart Alwyn , Holmes Alison , May Robin C. , Quinn Janet , Soliman Tarek , Talbot Nicholas J. , West Helen M. , West Jon S. , White P. Lewis , Bromley Michael , Armstrong-James Darius 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe emergence of fungal antimicrobial resistance—fAMR—is having a growing impact on human and animal health, and food security. This roadmap charts inter-related actions that will enhance our ability to mitigate the risk of fAMR. As humanity’s reliance on antifungal chemicals escalates, our understanding of their one-health consequences needs to scale accordingly if we are to protect our ability to manage the global spectrum of fungal disease sustainably.
In situ cell-surface conformation of the TCR-CD3 signaling complex
Authors: Natarajan Aswin , Velmurugu Yogambigai , Becerra Flores Manuel , Dibba Fatoumatta , Beesam Saikiran , Kikvadze Sally , Wang Xiaotian , Wang Wenjuan , Li Tianqi , Shin Hye Won , Cardozo Timothy , Krogsgaard Michelle 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe extracellular molecular organization of the individual CD3 subunits around the αβ T cell receptor (TCR) is critical for initiating T cell signaling. In this study, we incorporate photo-crosslinkers at specific sites within the TCRα, TCRβ, CD3δ, and CD3γ subunits. Through crosslinking and docking, we identify a CD3ε′-CD3γ-CD3ε-CD3δ arrangement situated around the αβTCR in situ within the cell surface environment. We demonstrate the importance of cholesterol in maintaining the stability of the complex and that the ‘in situ’ complex structure mirrors the structure from ‘detergent-purified’ complexes. In addition, mutations aimed at stabilizing extracellular TCR-CD3 interfaces lead to poor signaling, suggesting that subunit fluidity is indispensable for signaling. Finally, employing photo-crosslinking and CD3 tetramer assays, we show that the TCR-CD3 complex undergoes minimal subunit movements or reorientations upon interaction with activating antibodies and pMHC tetramers. This suggests an absence of ‘inactive-active’ conformational states in the TCR constant regions and the extracellular CD3 subunits, unlike the transmembrane regions of the complex. This study contributes a nuanced understanding of TCR signaling, which may inform the development of therapeutics for immune-related disorders.
Evaluation of the cell death markers for aberrated cell free DNA release in high altitude pulmonary edema
Authors: Ali Manzoor , Kumar Krishna G. , Singh Kanika , Rabyang Stanzen , Thinlas Tashi , Mishra Aastha 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The effect of high altitude (HA, altitude &gt;2500 m) can trigger a maladaptive response in unacclimatized individuals, leading to various HA illnesses such as high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). The present study investigates circulating cell free (cf) DNA, a minimally invasive biomarker that can elicit a pro-inflammatory response. Our earlier study observed altered cfDNA fragment patterns in HAPE patients and the significant correlation of these patterns with peripheral oxygen saturation levels. However, the unclear release mechanisms of cfDNA in circulation limit its characterization and clinical utility. The present study not only observed a significant increase in cfDNA levels in HAPE patients (27.03 ± 1.37 ng/ml; n = 145) compared to healthy HA sojourners (controls, 14.57 ± 0.74 ng/ml; n = 65) and highlanders (HLs, 15.50 ± 0.8 ng/ml; n = 34) but also assayed the known cell death markers involved in cfDNA release at HA. The study found significantly elevated levels of the apoptotic marker, annexin A5, and secondary necrosis or late apoptotic marker, high mobility group box 1, in HAPE patients. In addition, we observed a higher oxidative DNA damage marker, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine, in HAPE compared with controls, suggestive of the role of oxidative DNA status in promoting the inflammatory potential of cfDNA fragments and their plausible role in manifesting HAPE pathophysiology. Extensive in vitro future assays can confirm the immunogenic role of cfDNA fragments that may act as a danger-associated molecular pattern and associate with markers of cellular stresses in HAPE.
Adaptation des systèmes d’élevage ovin aux changements climatiques : impacts sur la composante pastorale dans le Haut Atlas central du Maroc
Authors: El Aayadi Soufiane , El Hafid Badr , Maatala Nassreddine , Bekkar Younes , Bounadi Imane , Julien Lionel 
Published: November 2024

Les changements climatiques constituent une menace sérieuse pour les ressources pastorales, dégradant les parcours et impactant les populations qui en dépendent. Cette étude vise à identifier les stratégies d’adaptation des éleveurs face aux changements climatiques et à analyser leurs impacts sur la composante pastorale dans les systèmes d’élevage étudiés. Des entretiens semi-directifs et des ateliers participatifs ont été menés auprès de 28 éleveurs, permettant de recueillir des informations sur leurs pratiques et stratégies d’adaptation. Une analyse de l’occupation des sols de 1985 à 2020 a été réalisée pour comprendre les dynamiques de changement des pâturages, accompagnée d’une modélisation de l’évolution des ressources naturelles de 2020 à 2030, offrant une démarche prospective sur l’avenir des ressources pastorales à l’échelle communale. Les résultats ont révélé que les éleveurs tendent vers la sédentarisation en réponse aux sécheresses récurrentes, conduisant à la divergence du système d’élevage pastoral traditionnel en trois systèmes distincts : sédentaire, transhumant occasionnel et transhumant permanent. L’analyse de l’occupation des sols a montré que ces changements ont modifié l’occupation des pâturages. Le développement des infrastructures et des transports a facilité l’accès des transhumants à des parcours éloignés, couvrant ainsi jusqu’à 75 % des besoins alimentaires des ovins avec la végétation pastorale. Les éleveurs sédentarisés pratiquent une supplémentation alimentaire toute l’année, composée principalement de maïs, d’orge, de son de blé et de pulpe de betterave, avec une contribution significative des fourrages à la satisfaction des besoins des ovins (50 à 90 % des besoins). La sédentarisation et la diminution des points d’eau dans les parcours d’altitude contribuent à une surexploitation croissante des parcours de proximité. L’analyse prévisionnelle de l’évolution des ressources naturelles de 2020 à 2030 montre un endommagement irréversible de ces parcours sous les conditions et les pratiques actuelles, appelant à une réflexion approfondie sur des solutions durables pour préserver ces ressources.
The Prognostic Impact of Radioiodine Therapy in Patients with
Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Schott Matthias , Schott-Ohly Patricia , Krieg Sarah , Thomaschky Cora , Wieltsch Jan-Hendrik , Petrovitch Alexander , Krieg Andreas 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRadioiodine (RAI) therapy after surgery, is an important component for the
treatment of patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), the most common
thyroid cancer. In this study we sought to evaluate the cancer-specific survival
(CSS) impact of RAI in specific thyroid cancer subgroups. The Surveillance,
Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were used to identify patients
with PTC who underwent surgery between 2000 and 2019. Patients not treated with
RAI were compared to those treated with RAI using propensity score matching
(PSM) on the basis of identical inclusion criteria. A total of 106 333 patients
were identified from the SEER database. RAI therapy was associated with improved
CSS in the matched cohort (HR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.72–0.96, p=0.01) but not in the
unmatched data set (HR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.30–1.64, p<0.001) among all PTC
patients regardless of disease stage. Detailed analyses, however, showed that
only patients with high-risk disease (pT3N1, pT4N1) experienced the greatest
benefit in CSS. In the lower disease stages, no significant differences were
recognized in the group of PTC patients with or without RAI therapy. One
exception: in the group of PTC patients in stage pT1bN0, a significant
difference was seen towards RAI. This is, however, most likely due to the large
number of patients investigated. In summary, RAI therapy should not be used in
low-risk PTC patients and might be used to some extent in intermediate-risk PTC
patients. The histological suptype of the tumor needs to be considered in this
context.
Aura and osmophobia are associated with the IL1A -889C > T (rs1800587) variant in migraine
Authors: Rocha Amanda Brant , Zendrini Giovana Ortiz , Juliani Maria Paula Bertoletti , Frederico Regina Célia Poli , Bello Valéria Aparecida , Oliveira Carlos Eduardo Coral de , Reiche Edna Maria Vissoci , Vitali-Silva Aline 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background Migraine belongs to the group of primary headaches, affecting 14.4% of the global population. The pathophysiological mechanisms of migraine involve the interplay between hypothalamic activation, cortical spreading depression, trigeminal stimulation, and inflammatory components with neurogenic inflammation or neuroinflammation.
Objective To assess the frequency of the IL1A -899C > T (rs1800587) genetic variant in patients with migraine and healthy controls, as well as its association with the clinical manifestations of migraine.
Methods We conducted a case-control study involving 92 migraine patients and 88 healthy controls matched for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and ethnicity. Demographic, anthropometric, and clinical data were obtained. The IL1A -889C > T (rs1800587) variant was identified using real-time polymerase chain reaction.
Results The study comprised predominantly women and Caucasian individuals, with no significant differences in terms of age, sex, ethnicity, or BMI observed between the migraine and control groups. Within the migraine group, 57.6% had episodic migraines, and 45.7% experienced aura. The patients carrying the CT genotype showed stronger associations with the presence of aura (CT: 57.7%; TT: 27.5%; p = 0.027), and those carrying the CT and TT genotypes showed higher osmophobia rates when compared with the CC genotype (p = 0.003). The IL1A -889C > T genetic variant was not associated with migraine susceptibility, be it chronic or episodic, nor to other symptoms associated with migraine.
Conclusion The IL1A -889C > T genetic variant was associated with aura and osmophobia in migraine patients.
Primer on Embolic Agents and Sclerosants for the Treatment of Vascular Malformations
Authors: Raja Junaid , Williams Dakota , Oser Rachel 
Published: November 2024

AbstractVascular malformations (VMs) are a heterogeneous group of arterial, venous, capillary, and/or lymphatic networks that typically are present at birth and grow with the patient. Signs and symptoms associated with VM range from absent to severe, with a broad spectrum of pain, cosmetic disfigurement, and local tissue destruction. Treatment options for these malformations extend from observation to surgical reconstruction. Each treatment modality has a role in the management of vascular anomalies, but also has specific challenges. Observation is not always sufficient, medical therapies may only be available for a subset of patients and are ultimately not curative, and surgical excision may itself be disfiguring or incomplete/not definitive. Sclerotherapy and/or embolotherapy have become a cornerstone of treatment for many types of VMs. These techniques are applicable to a wide range of VMs, are less invasive, have a shorter recovery period, and are repeatable. Although some VMs may not be amenable to percutaneous or endovascular treatment given their location, and multiple sessions may be required for select large and complex VMs, these minimally invasive treatments are often first line and may be definitive in treating VMs. Various agents may be used in sclerotherapy and embolotherapy, each with their own risks and benefits. Although there is a paucity of Level 1 evidence supporting the superiority of one agent over another, longstanding case series and expert experience exist, informing our knowledge of the safety and efficacy of sclerotherapy and embolotherapy. A brief overview of the most used sclerotherapy and embolotherapy agents and their uses is provided.