bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissociation between Cervical Mucus and Urinary Hormones during the Postpartum Return of Fertility in Breastfeeding Women
Authors: Bouchard Thomas , Blackwell Len , Brown Simon , Fehring Richard , Parenteau-Carreau Suzanne 
Published: November 2018

Identifying the return of fertility with cervical mucus observations is challenging during the postpartum period. Use of urinary measurements of estrogen and progesterone can assist in understanding the return to fertility during this period. The purposes of this study were to describe the postpartum return of fertility by an analysis of total estrogen (TE) and pregnanediol glucuronide (PDG) profiles and to correlate these profiles with cervical mucus observations. Twenty-six participants collected urine samples during the postpartum period and recorded mucus scores. TE and PDG hormones were analyzed and compared with mucus scores. During amenorrhea, mucus reflected TE changes in only 35 percent of women; after amenorrhea, typical mucus patterns were seen in 33 percent of cycles. We concluded that postpartum mucus and hormone profiles are significantly dissociated but that monitoring urinary hormones may assist in identifying the return of fertility. We also identified different hormonal patterns in the return to fertility. The postpartum period is a challenging time for identifying the return of fertility. The purposes of this study were to describe the hormonal patterns during the return of fertility and to correlate these patterns with cervical mucus observations. Twenty-six postpartum women collected urine samples and recorded mucus scores. Urinary estrogen and progesterone hormones were analyzed and compared with mucus scores. Before the return of menses, mucus reflected hormonal changes in only 35 percent women and after first menses in 33 percent of cycles. We found that hormone profiles do not correlate well with mucus observations during the postpartum return of fertility.
Butorphanol effectively prevents etomidate-induced myoclonus: a pooled analysis of 788 patients
Authors: Zhu Yu , Zhou Chengmao , He Qixiong 
Published: November 2018

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of pre-injection of butorphanol on etomidate-induced myoclonus during anesthesia induction. Methods Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of the ability of butorphanol to prevent etomidate-induced myoclonus were collected by searching PubMed, Cochrane Library, CNKI, and WanFang databases, from the day of database establishment until May 2017. The literature was screened independently by two evaluators, and the data were then extracted and independently evaluated. Finally, meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.2 software. Results Eight RCTs were analyzed. The results of meta-analysis showed that: 1. compared with the control group, butorphanol was effective in preventing etomidate-induced myoclonus [RR = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.11, 0.21]; 2. butorphanol was effective in preventing mild, moderate, and severe etomidate-induced myoclonus [RR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.25, 0.63; RR = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.27; and RR = 0.04, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.09]; 3. butorphanol did not increase the incidence of dizziness and nausea associated with etomidate. Conclusions Butorphanol could reduce the incidence and degree of etomidate-induced myoclonus. Notably, it did not increase the incidence of dizziness and nausea associated with etomidate.
Intravenous Amiodarone and Sotalol Impair Contractility and Cardiac Output, but Procainamide Does Not: A Langendorff Study
Authors: Mackin Charles , DeWitt Elizabeth S. , Black Katherine J. , Tang Xiaoqi , Polizzotti Brian D. , van den Bosch Sarah J. , Alexander Mark E. , Kheir John N. 
Published: November 2018

Introduction: Direct comparison of the effects of antiarrhythmic agents on myocardial performance may be useful in choosing between medications in critically ill patients. Studies directly comparing multiple antiarrhythmic medications are lacking. The use of an experimental heart preparation permits examination of myocardial performance under constant loading conditions. Methods: Hearts of Sprague Dawley rats (n = 35, 402-507 g) were explanted and cannulated in working heart model with fixed preload and afterload. Each heart was then exposed to a 3-hour infusion of procainamide (20 µg/kg/min), esmolol (100 or 200 µg/kg/min), amiodarone (10 or 20 mg/kg/d), sotalol (80 mg/m2/d), or placebo infusions (n = 5 per dose). Cardiac output, contractility (dP/dTmax), diastolic performance (dP/dTmin), and heart rate were compared between groups over time by linear mixed modeling. Results: Compared with placebo, sotalol decreased contractility by an average of 24% ( P < .001) over the infusion period, as did amiodarone (low dose by 13%, P = .029; high dose by 14%, P = .013). Compared with placebo, mean cardiac output was significantly lower in animals treated with sotalol (by 22%, P = .016) and esmolol 200 μg/kg/min (by 23%, P = .012). Over time, amiodarone decreased cardiac output (20 mg/kg/d, β = −89 [−144, −33] μL/min2 decrease, P = .002) and also worsened diastolic function, decreasing dP/dTmin by ∼18% and 22% ( P = .032 and P = .011, low and high doses, respectively). Procainamide did not have a significant effect on any measures of systolic or diastolic performance. Conclusions: In isolated hearts, amiodarone and sotalol depressed myocardial contractility, cardiac output, and diastolic function. However, procainamide did not negatively affect myocardial performance and represents a favorable agent in settings of therapeutic equivalence.
Disclosure of alcohol-related harm: Children’s experiences
Authors: Tamutienė Ilona , Jogaitė Birutė 
Published: November 2018

Objectives: (1) to learn to whom children disclose experiences of harm caused by their parents’ or carers’ substance abuse, (2) to show whether professionals enable children to disclose this harm, and (3) to highlight what kind of assistance they provide after disclosure of harm. Methods: The study is based on in-depth semi-structured interviews with children living with alcohol-abusing caregivers in Lithuania. Twenty-three children, aged from 8 to 18 years, from social risk families participated in this study. Results: Children suffer not only from the maltreatment itself, but also from the associative stigma of the caregivers’ drinking. They prefer to disclose their troubles in informal settings because professionals often do not help children to disclose harm and may even ignore it. Conclusion: The analysis shows that when children reveal parental alcohol problems, there is no inquiry, follow-up, or management of the children’s problems related to the caregivers’ drinking. And yet, protective factors such as social support and positive experiences may enhance children’s resilience in adverse conditions. Policy-makers should reduce barriers to disclosure and refocus their strategies from risk identification to identification of protective factors. Professionals need to develop an understanding about how they can support children to disclose harms related to the caregivers’ drinking so that harms to children can be managed sensitively and well.
Tibial Nerve Palsy After Lateralizing Calcaneal Osteotomy
Authors: Stødle Are Haukåen , Molund Marius , Nilsen Fredrik , Hellund Johan Castberg , Hvaal Kjetil 
Published: November 2018

Background: Lateralizing calcaneal osteotomy (LCO) is a common procedure used to correct hindfoot varus. Several complications have been described in the literature, but only a few articles describe tibial nerve palsy after this procedure. Our hypothesis was that tibial nerve palsy is a common complication after LCO. Methods: A retrospective study of patients undergoing LCO for hindfoot varus between 2007 and 2013 was performed. A total of 15 patients (18 feet) were included in the study. The patients were examined for tibial nerve deficit, and all the patients were examined with a computed tomography (CT) scan of both feet. Patients with a preexisting neurological disease were excluded. The primary outcome was tibial nerve palsy, and the secondary outcomes were reduction of the tarsal tunnel volume, the distance from subtalar joint to the osteotomy, and the lateral step at the osteotomy evaluated by CT scans. Results: Three of the 18 feet examined had tibial nerve palsy at a mean follow-up of 51 months. The mean reduction in tarsal tunnel volume when comparing the contralateral nonoperated foot to the foot operated with LCO was 2732 mm3 in the group without neurological deficit and 2152 mm3 in the group with neurological deficit (P = .60). Conclusion: 3 of 18 feet had tibial palsy as a complication to LCO. We were not able to show that a larger decrease in the tarsal tunnel volume, a more anterior calcaneal osteotomy, or a larger lateral shift of the osteotomy is associated with tibial nerve palsy. Levels of Evidence: Level IV: Retrospective case series
Large-scale loyalty card data in health research
Authors: Nevalainen Jaakko , Erkkola Maijaliisa , Saarijärvi Hannu , Näppilä Turkka , Fogelholm Mikael 
Published: November 2018

Objective To study the characteristics of large-scale loyalty card data obtained in Finland, and to evaluate their potential and challenges in health research. Methods We contacted the holders of a certain loyalty card living in a specific region in Finland via email, and requested their electronic informed consent to obtain their basic background characteristics and grocery expenditure data from 2016 for health research purposes. Non-participation and the characteristics and expenditure of the participants were mainly analysed using summary statistics and figures. Results The data on expenditure came from 14,595 (5.6% of those contacted) consenting loyalty card holders. A total of 68.5% of the participants were women, with an average age of 46 years. Women and residents of Helsinki were more likely to participate. Both young and old participants were underrepresented in the sample. We observed that annual expenditure represented roughly two-thirds of the nationally estimated annual averages. Customers and personnel differed in their characteristics and expenditure, but not so much in their most frequently bought items. Conclusions Loyalty card data from a major retailer enabled us to reach a large, heterogeneous sample with fewer resources than conventional surveys of the same magnitude. The potential of the data was great because of their size, coverage, objectivity, and long periods of dynamic data collection, which enables timely investigations. The challenges included bias due to non-participation, purchases in other stores, the level of detail in product grouping, and the knowledge gaps in what is being consumed and by whom. Loyalty card data are an underutilised resource in research, and could be used not only in retailers’ activities, but also for societal benefit.
2018 American College of Rheumatology/National Psoriasis Foundation Guideline for the Treatment of Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Singh Jasvinder A. , Guyatt Gordon , Ogdie Alexis , Gladman Dafna D. , Deal Chad , Deodhar Atul , Dubreuil Maureen , Dunham Jonathan , Husni M. Elaine , Kenny Sarah , Kwan-Morley Jennifer , Lin Janice , Marchetta Paula , Mease Philip J. , Merola Joseph F. , Miner Julie , Ritchlin Christopher T. , Siaton Bernadette , Smith Benjamin J. , Van Voorhees Abby S. , Jonsson Anna Helena , Shah Amit Aakash , Sullivan Nancy , Turgunbaev Marat , Coates Laura C. , Gottlieb Alice , Magrey Marina , Nowell W. Benjamin , Orbai Ana-Maria , Reddy Soumya M. , Scher Jose U. , Siegel Evan , Siegel Michael , Walsh Jessica A. , Turner Amy S. , Reston James 
Published: November 2018

Objective: To develop an evidence-based guideline for the pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment of psoriatic arthritis (PsA), as a collaboration between the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and the National Psoriasis Foundation (NPF). Methods: We identified critical outcomes in PsA and clinically relevant PICO (population/intervention/comparator/outcomes) questions. A Literature Review Team performed a systematic literature review to summarize evidence supporting the benefits and harms of available pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies for PsA. GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) methodology was used to rate the quality of the evidence. A voting panel, including rheumatologists, dermatologists, other health professionals, and patients, achieved consensus on the direction and the strength of the recommendations. Results: The guideline covers the management of active PsA in patients who are treatment-naive and those who continue to have active PsA despite treatment, and addresses the use of oral small molecules, tumor necrosis factor inhibitors, interleukin-12/23 inhibitors (IL-12/23i), IL-17 inhibitors, CTLA4-Ig (abatacept), and a JAK inhibitor (tofacitinib). We also developed recommendations for psoriatic spondylitis, predominant enthesitis, and treatment in the presence of concomitant inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, or serious infections. We formulated recommendations for a treat-to-target strategy, vaccinations, and nonpharmacologic therapies. Six percent of the recommendations were strong and 94% conditional, indicating the importance of active discussion between the health care provider and the patient to choose the optimal treatment. Conclusion: The 2018 ACR/NPF PsA guideline serves as a tool for health care providers and patients in the selection of appropriate therapy in common clinical scenarios. Best treatment decisions consider each individual patient situation. The guideline is not meant to be proscriptive and should not be used to limit treatment options for patients with PsA.
Reproductive Endocrinology of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Grossmann Mathis , Wierman Margaret E , Angus Peter , Handelsman David J 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe liver and the reproductive system interact in a multifaceted bidirectional fashion. Sex steroid signaling influences hepatic endobiotic and xenobiotic metabolism and contributes to the pathogenesis of functional and structural disorders of the liver. In turn, liver function affects the reproductive axis via modulating sex steroid metabolism and transport to tissues via sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG). The liver senses the body’s metabolic status and adapts its energy homeostasis in a sex-dependent fashion, a dimorphism signaled by the sex steroid milieu and possibly related to the metabolic costs of reproduction. Sex steroids impact the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, including development of hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis. Preclinical studies in male rodents demonstrate that androgens protect against hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance both via androgen receptor signaling and, following aromatization to estradiol, estrogen receptor signaling, through regulating genes involved in hepatic lipogenesis and glucose metabolism. In female rodents in contrast to males, androgens promote hepatic steatosis and dysglycemia, whereas estradiol is similarly protective against liver disease. In men, hepatic steatosis is associated with modest reductions in circulating testosterone, in part consequent to a reduction in circulating SHBG. Testosterone treatment has not been demonstrated to improve hepatic steatosis in randomized controlled clinical trials. Consistent with sex-dimorphic preclinical findings, androgens promote hepatic steatosis and dysglycemia in women, whereas endogenous estradiol appears protective in both men and women. In both sexes, androgens promote hepatic fibrosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, whereas estradiol is protective.
Memory’s Ends: Thinking as Grace in Thomas Hooker’s New England
Authors: Trocchio Rachel 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This essay examines the role of memory in the theology of first-generation New England divine Thomas Hooker. Drawing particular attention to Hooker’s application of imagistic and dialectical mnemonics in his well-known but controversial doctrine of “preparation,” it discovers a Puritan theory of grace that sought to come closer to God by escaping idolatrous thinking, on the one hand, and mechanistic cognition, on the other. Reconceiving Hooker’s preparation as a memorial style and placing that ars memoria at the center of transatlantic Puritan controversies about grace, the essay provides a new model for reading Puritanism not as the start of an American telos but at the end of a European intellectual inheritance.
“We Fit in the Society by Force”
Authors: Yingwana Ntokozo 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
What does it mean to be an African sex worker feminist? In answering this question this essay draws from two qualitative studies with two African sex worker groups in 2014 and 2015—the South African movement of sex workers called Sisonke, and the African Sex Worker Alliance (ASWA). Although participants were initially reluctant to give a precise definition, many pointed to elements that could constitute such an identity. Based on their embodied lived experiences, each participant illustrated and described what it meant for them to be an African, a sex worker, and a feminist, and then collectively discussed these in relation to each other and the social dimensions they occupy. Even though these three identities may seem incongruent, in certain embodiments they actually inform each other. The aim of this work is for all feminists to recognize each other as comrades in the struggle for gender and sexual liberation, thus strengthening solidarity across social justice movements.
Saving Nigerian Girls
Authors: George Abosede 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This essay discusses girl-saving campaigns in Nigerian history, focusing on the two that have been most extensively documented: the girl hawker project of the early twentieth century, which climaxed with the 1943 passage of the first hawking ban in Nigeria, and the #BringBackOurGirls campaign, which started in 2014 and is still ongoing. Though separated by time and space, in order to inspire salvationist impulses in their respective audiences both campaigns have relied on a gendered notion of imperilment that centers the image of the youthful female body threatened by sexual violence from male aggressors. Yet through its reliance on certain restrictions, gendered and otherwise, the portrait of the vulnerable girl that campaigners outline inadvertently prompts disidentifications as well.
Gender and (Militarized) Secessionist Movements in Africa
Authors: Mougoué Jacqueline-Bethel Tchouta 
Published: November 2018

AbstractUtilizing interdisciplinary and multimethodological approaches, this essay explores women’s roles in buttressing the political cohesion of secessionist movements in postcolonial Africa. It argues that African women have supported the actions of male-dominated secessionist movements in order to garner their own social and political power. Using case studies from Anglophone Cameroon, Western Sahara, Cabinda Province (Angola), and Biafra (Nigeria), the essay historicizes and outlines a new analytical framework that explores women’s multifaceted participation in secessionist movements in modern-day Africa.
Homing with My Mother / How Women in My Family Married Women
Authors: Musangi Neo Sinoxolo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRecent activist and academic work regarding same-gender marriage and relationships has brought to the fore supposed precolonial archives that seem to suggest that something we might call homophobia is as colonial in Africa as is the notion of the nation-state. While this archival work might be important in creating space for African queers, it fails to engage fully with what it might mean to be both African and queer, in the here and now. So what, if there were no ancestral queers? What do these archives concretize and block out of queer possibilities? While thinking with, and against, this archival record, this essay centers one family’s recent history as a calculated exercise in both memory and method. Putting older black women on the agenda evokes their and others’ freedom and the intellectual contributions of black women who have, over the years, constituted the survival of black theory and a logic of care. This is an exercise in how else one could choose to arrive at blackness and queerness and feminism by way of narration.
Endocytosis in proliferating, quiescent and terminally differentiated cells
Authors: Hinze Claudia , Boucrot Emmanuel 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
Endocytosis mediates nutrient uptake, receptor internalization and the regulation of cell signaling. It is also hijacked by many bacteria, viruses and toxins to mediate their cellular entry. Several endocytic routes exist in parallel, fulfilling different functions. Most studies on endocytosis have used transformed cells in culture. However, as the majority of cells in an adult body have exited the cell cycle, our understanding is biased towards proliferating cells. Here, we review the evidence for the different pathways of endocytosis not only in dividing, but also in quiescent, senescent and terminally differentiated cells. During mitosis, residual endocytosis is dedicated to the internalization of caveolae and specific receptors. In non-dividing cells, clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) functions, but the activity of alternative processes, such as caveolae, macropinocytosis and clathrin-independent routes, vary widely depending on cell types and functions. Endocytosis supports the quiescent state by either upregulating cell cycle arrest pathways or downregulating mitogen-induced signaling, thereby inhibiting cell proliferation. Endocytosis in terminally differentiated cells, such as skeletal muscles, adipocytes, kidney podocytes and neurons, supports tissue-specific functions. Finally, uptake is downregulated in senescent cells, making them insensitive to proliferative stimuli by growth factors. Future studies should reveal the molecular basis for the differences in activities between the different cell states.
Annulative Synthesis of Benzofurans from General Alkenyl Sulfoxides and Phenols via Pummerer/Sigmatropic Cascade
Authors: Hori Mitsuki , Yanagi Tomoyuki , Murakami Kei , Nogi Keisuke , Yorimitsu Hideki 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In addition to ketene dithioacetal monoxides that were specially designed and have been used so far, general alkenyl sulfoxides of moderate reactivity have now become applicable as substrates in the trifluoroacetic anhydride-mediated annulation with phenols for the shorter-step and transition-metal-free synthesis of benzofurans having diverse substituents. The improved method enabled concise formation of furan-fused complex polycyclic skeletons, which culminates in the two-step synthesis of dioxa[8]helicene. The modest reactivity of alkenyl sulfoxides has allowed isolation of dihydrobenzofurans as intermediates, which unveiled two interesting phenomena: (i) the initial cyclization reflects the stereochemistry and steric environment of alkenyl sulfoxides and (ii) the aromatization by the departure of alkanethiol is the rate-determining step.