bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extracting and Selecting Meaningful Features from Mammogram Digital Image Using Factor Analysis Technique
Authors: Abdalla Al Mutaz Mohamed , Deris Safaai Bin , M. Zaki Nazar 
Published: May 2018

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women around the world. Various countries including the United Arab Emirates (UAE) offer asymptomatic screening for the disease. The interpretation of mammograms is a very challenges task and is subject Â to human error. However the Mammography is considered to be a significant method for detection of breast tumors. Hence, finding an accurate and effective diagnostic method is very important to increase survival rate and reduce mortality of the women. Not all the features in the image give the characteristics and information of the image however, only some extracted features that can express enough information about the image. In this research statistical features selection methods have been developed with association with statistical techniques. 141 ROIs extracted from Digital Database for Screening Mammography (DDSM) has been used to contact this research. Our experiment was classified into two stages in order to reduce the image features which extracted from the ROIs. In the first stage we applied statistical techniques to reduce feature with high accuracy rate, in the second stage we applied graph based method and bayesian inference. Our method was able to achieve high accuracy compared to the original selected features.
A Comparative Study of Color Image Segmentation Using Hard, Fuzzy,Rough Set Based Clustering Techniques
Authors: Eluri Venkateswara Reddy , Reddy Dr. E.S. 
Published: May 2018

Image segmentation is the process of subdividing an image into its constituent parts and extracting these parts of interest, which are the objects. Colour image segmentation emerges as a new area of research. It can solve many contemporary problems in medical imaging, mining and mineral imaging, bioinformatics, and material sciences. Naturally, color image segmentation demands well defined borders of different objects in an image. So, there is a fundamental demand of accuracy. The segmented regions or components should not be further away from the true object than one or a few pixels. So, there is a need for improved image segmentation technique that can segment different components precisely. Image data may have corrupted values due to the usual limitations or artifacts of imaging devices. Noisy data, data sparsity, and high dimensionality of data create difficulties in image pixel clustering. As a result, image pixel clustering becomes a harder problem than other form of data.Â Taking into account all the above considerations we propose an unsupervised image segmentation method using Rough-Fuzzy C-Mean a hybrid model for segmenting RGB image by reducing cluster centers using rough sets and Fuzzy C-Means Method, and also compare the effectiveness of the clustering methods such as Hard C Means (HCM), Fuzzy C Means (FCM), Fuzzy K Means (FKM), Rough C Means (RCM) with cluster validity index such as DB Index, XB Index and Dunn Index. A good clustering procedure should make the value of DB index as low as possible, for Dunn Index high value, and for XB Index low value.
An Energy Efficient and Cooperative Congestion Control Protocol in MANET
Authors: Paul Sumit , Hossain Md. Javed , Azad Abul Kalam 
Published: May 2018

MANET is collection of mobile devices form a self-creating, self-organizing and self-administering wireless networks. Due to mobility of nodes it is not possible to establish fixed paths for message delivery through the network. Hence, congestion is happening and it is the key problem for MANET. Many routing protocols have been proposed to overcome the congestion in MANET. One of the popular routing protocol is AODV, but it depends on individual receivers to detect congestion and adjust their receiving rates. Another common routing protocol is EERCCP, which is better than AODV but sometimes it fails when link failure happens to relay node or if relay node moves from its current group to another group then there is no other mechanism to select an alternative relay nodes i.e. lack of cooperativeness. Consequently, we proposed a routing protocol named as EECCCP, which utilizes user cooperation to reduce congestion. The proposed energy efficient and cooperative congestion control routing protocol (EECCCP), performs well better than both the AODV and EERCCP. The proposed scheme encorporates the benefits of energy efficiency and cooperativeness which in turn reduces the congestion effectively. It also overcomes the disadvantages of existing multicast congestion control protocol. Moreover, the proposed scheme does not impose any significant changes on the queuing, scheduling or forwarding policies of existing network protocols. The simulation results have shown that our proposed protocol EECCCP has the about 95% better delivery ratio and throughput with about 85 % less delay and energy consumption when compared with the existing protocol AODV. It also has the about 65% better delivery ratio and throughput with about 60 % less delay and energy consumption when compared with the existing protocol EERCCP.
A Comparative analysis of OFDM based Communication using different Mapping Schemes for Signal Modulation
Authors: Mahmood Nasir , Shahid Muhammad Khalil , Saeed Ali 
Published: May 2018

OFDM is a multiplexing technique that is used to divide a frequency spectrum into sub-carriers that are orthogonal to each other. They are capable to carry high rate data transmission. TheÂ orthogonality is maintained by keeping one sub carrier, null on the centre of other sub carriers. Sub-carriers have cyclic prefix which is placed in between them and the bandwidth wastage due to guard band is reduced up to 50%. Spectral efficiency is ofÂ OFDM is far better than other frequency modulation techniques due to othrognality. Additionally, CP design helps in better diversity gain. The data is dispensed as sub-streams among sub carriers and each of the sub carrier is modulated as per the coding (PSK, BPSK, QAM). Thus rather modulating whole data stream over a single frequency, sub carriers are allocated portions of data that ensure large amount of data processing. To ensure orthogonality, serial data is converted into smaller parallel streams and are fed toÂ IFFT module, after which P/S conversion is performed and CP is inserted between the sub-carriers. The reverse of these steps happens in the receiving module. Important aspects ofÂ OFDM systems are, Synchronization, Pilot allocation,the Channel State Information or Channel estimation etc. However this paper takes up sub-carrier modulation techniques inÂ OFDM systems and puts a comparative analysis of them.
Major Problems related to Information Management
Authors: Alabdan Rana Ibrahim 
Published: May 2018

Technological advancements in computing and communication technology have most recently grown rapidly. This growth has further been motivated by the high-speed networks and the declining cost of purchasing computers. The trend has enabled the running and fast transfers of various applications such as data and information, graphics, voice and movies.Â The use of computers and technology in communication has transformed various organizational systems to the digital era.
Design of Parallel-Plate Transmission Line Feeding Differentially Driven Patch Antenna for GPS application
Authors: Pandey Krishna Mani , Muchhal Nitin , Niwaria Kamal , Manke Dr. Sunanda 
Published: May 2018

In this paper a newly developed patch antenna, designated as the parallel-plate transmission line feeding differentially driven patch antenna is presented. The parallel-plate transmission line will not introduce inductance to the input impedance of a patch antenna, thus the height of the patch can be largely increased.Â Measurements show that the 3-dB-gain bandwidth can be obtained to 65% (0.86â€“1.93 GHz), return loss is -20dB, VSWR is 1.3 and impedance is 51 ohm at resonant frequency of 1.58GHz. The radiation pattern is stable and this antenna is designed for GPS application.
Performance Analysis of Color based Image Retrieval
Authors: Mustikasari Metty , Madenda Sarifuddin 
Published: May 2018

Recently Content based image retrieval (CBIR) is an active research. This paper proposes a technique to retrieve images based on color feature and evaluate the retrieval system performance. In this retrieval system Euclidean distance and City block distance are used to measure similarity of images. This algorithm is tested by using Corel image database which is provided by James Wang. The performance of retrieval system is measured in terms of its recall and precision. The effectiveness of retrieval system is also measured based on Average Rank (AVRR) of all relevant retrieves images and Ideal Average Rank of relevant images (IAVRR). The experimental results show that city block has achieved higher retrieval performance than Euclidean distance.
Tourist attitudes toward the use of e-Commerce for tourism in Thailand
Authors: Suanpang Pannee 
Published: May 2018

The aim of this paper is to study travelersâ€™ attitudes toward the use of e-Commerce for tourism in Thailand. The study used mixed methodology quantitative research by collecting data from 510 domestic tourists; 400 international tourists and used qualitative research by collecting data from in-depth interviews.Â The result found that domestic tourists use e-Commerce at a higher level than international tourists for booking hotels, tours, transportation and for buying souvenirs; however, international tourists use e-Commerce at a higher level than domestic tourists for booking at restaurants. The payment method found that domestic tourists pay in cash, do bank transfers and do mobile payments at a higher level than international tourists, but international tourists pay by credit card and use counter services more than domestic tourists. The result of the statistics test in order to compare tourism e-Commerce system needs shows that there is significant difference between the attractiveness of websites; updated information; credit card security system and product and service items. The result of the statistics test concerning the comparison of traveler attitudes towards the use of e-commerce for tourism shows the most significant differences in generating fast and effective communication: e-Commerce can produce product reliability; has a safe payment system; has safe information privacy; can develop good image of product and services and can create product and service identification.
DOMAIN ORIENTED ONTOLOGY BASED SEMANTIC WEB SEARCH METHODOLOGY USING SPARQL QUERY
Authors: Kumar P. Nandha , Hemalathar M. 
Published: May 2018

Semantic web facilitates the use of automated processing of descriptions on the web and exchange and representation of information is done in a meaningful way. But a conventional search engine, the context and semantics of the user query is not analyzed fully and the data is not well structured so it does not provide the relevant content needed by the user. Hence to overcome this problem, semantic web search has become an essential part in todayâ€™s world. In this proposed method the user given query is analyzed semantically and the web data is stored in an ontology which is well structured and conventional search is performed using SPARQL query viewer plug-in. Finally, ranking algorithm is used to rank the extracted links for the given query.Â The results obtained are accurate enough to satisfy the request made by the user. The level of accuracy is enhanced since the ontology is made consistent and query is analyzed semantically to retrieve the correct result. The domain specific evaluation time obtained shows promising results.
Three dimensional surfaces foliated by the equiform motion of pseudohyperbolic surfaces in
Authors: Solouma E. M. 
Published: May 2018

In this paper we study three dimensional surfaces in Â generated by equiform motions of a pseudohyperbolic surface. The properties of these surfaces up to the first order are investigated. We prove that three dimensional surfaces in Â in general, is contained in a canal hypersurface, which is gained as envelope of a one-parametric set of 6-dimensional pseudohyperbolic. Finally we give an example.
Model-Based Tool-Assistance for Packet-Filter Design and its Future
Authors: Kaur Gurvinder , Panda Dr. S.N. , Dhaliwal Dr. Dalvinder Singh 
Published: May 2018

Firewall is a device that secure the private network from unauthorized access. Model based Â tool assistance Â facilitate the design task and has contribute to the correctness of the filters. But the model based tool assistance approach is design time only does not manage actions at run time. So we shall propose model on run time auditing architecture to detect the attack while packet filtering in firewall technology. It is usually based on the log-files of the packet-filters.
Free convection between vertical concentric annuli with induced magnetic field when inner cylinder is electrically conducting
Authors: NAND SARVESHA , Singh Ashok Kumar 
Published: May 2018

An analysis is made for the fully developed laminar free convective flow in an open ended vertical concentric annuli with constant heat flux and constant temperature on the inner and outer walls, in the presence of a radial magnetic field. The length of the cylinder is assumed to be infinite and radiation heat transfer from the hot surface is assumed to be negligible. The inner cylinder is taken to be magnetic conducting while the outer cylinder is non-conducting. Buoyancy effect is also considered along with Boussinesq approximation. The induced magnetic field is taken into account arising due to the motion of an electrically conducting fluid. The governing linear simultaneous ordinary differential equations are first obtained in the non dimensional form and solved analytically for the velocity, induced magnetic field, temperature field and Â then skin-friction and induced current density are obtained. The expressions for the fluid flux and induced current flux in non-dimensional form have been also obtained. The effects of governing physical parameters occurring in the model are shown on the graphs and tables.
A Cost Effective DVI interface on Virtex-5 FPGA Through Verilog HDL
Authors: A S Asif Ahmad 
Published: May 2018

There is a definite need for video and image processing technologies in today's world. However the computer vision technologies need to be tested and optimized. There is need for testing these interfaces for the platform which we work on. This modeling is a cost effective architecture for interfacing Digital Visual Interface(DVI) on Virtex5 FPGA's. The architecture is modeled in such a way that it does not use XPS micro blaze or Power PCÂ processor but simple pixel feeder design, configuration of the Chrontel 7301C chip design and the interface between them.
PROPOSED A COMPACT MULTIBAND AND BROADBAND RECTANGULAR MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR C-BAND AND X-BAND.
Authors: Tiwari Rahul , Verma Seema 
Published: May 2018

In this communication two proposed antenna described one for broadband at 6.71445GHz to 11.9362GHz with finite ground plane. TheÂ antennaÂ designed with 11.4051mmÃ— 8.388 mm radiating copperÂ patchÂ with ground plane design with 21.0051mm x17. 988mm. And this Compact broadbandÂ rectangularÂ shapeÂ microstripÂ patchÂ antennaÂ is designed and analyzed for the return lossÂ ofÂ -20.08 dB is achieved at the resonant frequencyÂ ofÂ 7.941GHz, From Antenna2-it is observed that, antenna for multiband at different frequency. The primary radiating elements are Simple Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna in upper side with probe feed and use finite ground plane are two parallel crossed printed slot for three different frequency applications which is smaller in size compared to other availableÂ multibandÂ antennas. From the result, it is observed that, the return lossÂ ofÂ -16.97 dB is achieved at the first resonant frequencyÂ ofÂ 4.853GHz, -10.30dB at the second resonant frequencyÂ ofÂ 8.382GHz, -10.73 dB at the third resonant frequencyÂ ofÂ 9.265GHz, -17.38 dB at the fourth resonant frequencyÂ ofÂ 10.15GHz and -12.37 dB at the fifth resonant frequencyÂ ofÂ 11.91GHz. This broadband and multi-band highly efficient antennaÂ forÂ use in C-Band, and X-Band.
A System for Movement Detecting Congestion.
Authors: R Reeja S. , Kavya Dr. N. P. 
Published: May 2018

In this paper, we present a system for tracking and provide early information of hazardous locationsin huge gatherings. It is based on optic flow estimations and detects sequences of crowd motion that are characteristic for devastating congestions. For optic flow computation, Lucas- Kanade method is employed to determine the optical flow vectors for the gathered video. Segmentation of video sequences is done and optic flow is determined for respective segments. A threshold optic flow is chosen in such a way that the tracking of congested area in video is easilydoneby comparing it with respective segmentâ€™s determined optic flow values. Finally, we present the location of crowd congestion which helps in taking further protective measures to handle unusual events.Â Â
ICT PERSONNEL MATURITY TOWARDS GREEN ICT IN KENYA
Authors: Wabwoba Dr. Franklin Wabwoba , Mbugua Dr. Samuel , Ikoha Mr. Anselemo Peters , Shisoka Ms.Dorcus Arshley 
Published: May 2018

Though ICT is contributing to the economy associated with innovations, inventions and rapid development in almost all aspects of human life, is responsible for climatic degradation. The rapid increase of ICT usage means more costs of doing business, energy consumption, and more environmental challenges. The rapid changing technology reaching Kenya and lack of their understanding has put a lot of pressure on both management and ICT personnel to implement them on a trial and error manner. This has limited the gains meant to be obtained from green ICT despite its technologies availability.Â The lack of ICT personnel capacity readiness challenges the reaping of green ICT benefits. The study was informed by the G-readiness model and the enhanced G-readiness model. This study purposed to determine the personnel capacities readiness towards green ICT in Kenya. The study was undertaken using the interpretive, inductive multi-case survey study on a population of four data centres and 116 ICT managerial, technical and user personnel that were purposively sampled. Interview, observation, questionnaire and document analysis methods were used to gather data that was triangulated to increase the reliability and validity. The study established the ICT personnelâ€™s G-readiness was very low on both training and professional development perspectives in Kenya. The studyâ€™s findings are useful towards the strategic planning for green ICT implementation, cutting down running costs, improving environmental performance of organisations and contribution to the world of knowledge. The findings provide data for informed ICT personnel and workplace readiness alignment, decision making and ICT curriculum development. The study recommends application of green ICT based on established ICT personnel capacity, inclusion of green ICT training in the curriculum, creation of green ICT responsibilities, provision for a green ICT budget and investment into the development of green ICT personnel
CHALLENGES, CLASSIFICATION AND COMPARATIVE STUDY OF QOS SOLUTIONS IN MANET.
Authors: Phate Neelam , Rizvi M.A. 
Published: May 2018

A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is composed of mobile nodes without any fixed infrastructure. Mobile nodes are communicating with each other over radio links. The large amount of real-time traffic involves high bandwidth and liable to congestion. Routing in MANET is a challenging task due to high mobility of nodes in a network. Quality of Service (QoS) is an important consideration in MANET. It is more difficult to guarantee QoS in MANETs than in other type of networks. To establish the routes and to secure the resources necessary to provide the QoS requires collaboration among the nodes. Therefore, QoS routing protocols face the challenge of delivering data to destinations.Â The appropriate QoS metrics should be used, such as bandwidth utilization, delay, packet delivery ratio (PDR) and jitter for QoS based routing. This paper provides the challenges, classification and comparison of some of the QoS solutions in MANET.Â
An Executive Approach to Achieve Mutual Exclusion in Distributed Data using Topology and Association Rule.
Authors: Singh Mr. Anurag , Tiwari Dr. Amod 
Published: May 2018

In this paper, a new approach is being proposed to achieve mutual exclusion in distributed system usingÂ computer network and topology of nth nodes. In this executive approach nodes communicate amongÂ themselves using message passing technique. In this executive approach, distributed system with nÂ nodes is logically partitioned into number of sub distributed system having only mÂ½ nodes, where m isÂ obtained by adding a minimum number in n to make it next perfect square number only if n is not aÂ perfect square. Proposed algorithm is a Token based approach and achieves token optimally in 2Â messages only for the best case and in worst case a node achieves token in n messages only.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF CELL PHONES PENETRATION AND DISPOSAL IN KENYA
Authors: Wabwoba Dr. Franklin , Sakwa Prof. Thomas , Mbugua Dr. Samuel , Kilwake Mr. Humphrey Juma 
Published: May 2018

Kenya has over six million activeÂ mobile subscribers who may at some point want to replace orÂ Â get rid of old mobile phones. A big number of the mobile phones were recently switched off for not being genuine without a prober mechanism being put in place for the disposal. If every affected individual or otherwise disposed off phones by throwing it away then there could a serious ecological disaster in waiting. Cell phones are hazardous materials because of electromagnetic radiation and electronic composition. They have substances such as antimony, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, copper, lead, nickel and zinc which belong to a class of chemicals known as persistent toxins. These toxins pollute and remain in the environment for long periods. There are ill-effects of wireless and telecommunication devices on the environment are disastrous.Â The increased use of high resolution LCD screens leads to a potentially devastating environmental challenge. There is no clear policy frame work on e-waste management with a special focus on used mobile phones in the country.Â A proper disposal mechanism of wireless and telecommunication devices is a necessity in Kenya.
Survey on Testing of BPEL Processes
Authors: Kaur Gurpreet , Kaur Mrs. Gaganpreet 
Published: May 2018

Software testing is very important phase in any development Life Cycle. The test Case generation is critical task in any type of testing. The automation of test case generation is necessary to reduce cost and effort incurred in the testing of large software. Testing of the BPEL processes is new area of research and the automation of the test cases is necessary in order to find bugs in the processes and reduce the cost of theÂ testing businessÂ processes .This paper focuses on the survey of the testing techniques used to test the BPEL processes.