bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of intradialytic exercise on hemodialysis adequacy: A systematic review
Authors: Kirkman Danielle L. , Scott Matthew , Kidd Jason , Macdonald Jamie H. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDialysis adequacy is an independent predictor of high mortality rates in hemodialysis patients. Intradialytic exercise is a potential strategy to increase uremic solute removal by increasing blood flow to low perfusion tissue beds. The purpose of this review is to establish the efficacy of intradialytic exercise for hemodialysis adequacy. Additionally, this review aims to provide practical information to aid health care professionals implement intradialytic exercise for dialysis adequacy. Database and hand searches identified 15 published interventional studies that implemented intradialytic exercise for dialysis adequacy as a primary outcome measure in adult maintenance hemodialysis patients. Data pertaining to dialytic solute clearance of urea, creatinine, beta2 microglobulin, phosphate, and potassium were extracted. Mean differences, normalized to percentages, and effect sizes were calculated and reported. The current data pertaining to the use of intradialytic exercise for improving dialysis adequacy in terms of Kt/Vurea or small molecule uremic toxin clearance are equivocal. Limited data showed that intradialytic exercise has no effect middle molecule toxin (beta2 ‐ microglobulin) clearance. Intradialytic exercise favored increased phosphate removal showing medium to large effects for reduced serum concentrations, reduced rebound and increased clearance. In summary, supervised light to moderate intradialytic aerobic cycling appears to be beneficial for increasing phosphate removal and may be an adjunct therapy for patients failing to meet clinical phosphate targets. Further work is required to establish the effect of intradialytic exercise on Kt/Vurea and other middle molecule and protein bound solutes. Research aimed at establishing the most effective exercise prescription for improved solute clearance is warranted.
Syn‐rift sequence development in a fault‐controlled embayment (Early Permian Irwin River Coal Measures, Northern Perth Basin, Western Australia)
Authors: Dillinger Antoine , George Annette D. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractStratigraphic patterns and sequence development in tectonically active extensional basins remain poorly documented in comparison with passive‐margin settings. Rift basin fills are generally characterized by coarsening‐upward trends in response to the rapid creation of accommodation by extensional faulting, and the progressive filling of graben during more quiescent periods. The Early Permian Irwin River Coal Measures in the Northern Perth Basin (Western Australia) record a complex stratigraphic arrangement of conglomerate, sandstone, mudstone and coal, and have been attributed to delta plain depositional environments that developed in a cool–temperate climatic setting during syn‐rift activity. Sedimentary analysis of outcrop and core data from the fault‐bounded Irwin Terrace is used to distinguish nine facies associations reflecting deposition in braided rivers, fixed‐anastomosed channel belts, tide‐influenced coastal environments and storm‐affected distal bays. The broader depositional system is interpreted as a morphologically asymmetrical tide‐dominated embayment with a fluvial and wave influence. The stratigraphic architecture of the Irwin River Coal Measures was strongly influenced by the evolving rift basin margin. Fault reactivation of the major basin‐bounding Darling Fault in the early syn‐rift phase caused footwall uplift and the inception of transverse palaeo‐valleys occupied by braided fluvial systems. Fault block subsidence during the subsequent balanced, backstepping and drowning phases resulted in a dominantly retrogradational stacking pattern indicating progressive flooding of marginal‐marine areas and culminating in deposition of distal marine elements. In the active rift basin, it is proposed that preservation of a shallow‐marine syn‐rift sequence was promoted by the geomorphological confinement of the embayed system increasing tidal current acceleration and hampering transgressive ravinement. The proposed sequence model demonstrates that transgressive successions can develop in the early syn‐rift phase in response to footwall uplift and tectonic subsidence. The syn‐rift sequence recording the filling of an embayment on a rift basin margin may be applied in similar tectonic and/or depositional contexts worldwide.
Optimal Incentives on Multiple Prosocial Activities when Reputation Matters*
Authors: Candel‐Sánchez Francisco , Perote‐Peña Juan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we present a signaling model in which individuals engage in socially beneficial but costly activities in order to convey information about their willingness to cooperate with other agents. When several activities are available, the inclusion of monetary compensations in any one of them affects the relative costs of undertaking each activity and, therefore, their informative value for agents. We find the subsidies that maximize social welfare, which are shown to depend critically on the reputation gained from each activity. Finally, we use comparative statics analysis to study the effects on optimal subsidies of changes in their determinants.
Short‐term results of acellular porcine corneal stroma keratoplasty for herpes simplex keratitis
Authors: Zheng Jiao , Huang Xiaodan , Zhang Yue , Wang Yi , Qin Qiyu , Lin Lin , Jin Xiuming , Lam Ching , Zhang Jinnan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundCorneal transplantation is a common surgical intervention for restoring vision loss due to corneal damages. However, for cultural reasons, there is a huge shortage of donor corneas in China. Acellular porcine corneal stromas (APCSs) can be used as corneal substitutes in lamellar keratoplasty for corneal ulcers. This study was conducted to analyze the results of APCS use for herpes simplex keratitis (HSK).MethodsThe study involved HSK patients who underwent keratoplasty with APCSs from February 2016 to October 2017 in the second affiliated hospital of Zhejiang University. Patient data were collected at 7 days, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and at the last follow‐up (7‐25 months) postoperative. The corneal transparency, neovascularization, visual acuity, and graft stability were observed.ResultsThirteen patients with HSK including five patients with corneal perforation were included in this study, nine patients underwent deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) and five perforation patients underwent double lamellar keratoplasty. There were nine men and four women with an average age of 62.5 ± 5.6 years old (ranging from 52 to 70 years old). The mean postoperative follow‐up duration was 15.1 ± 5.8 months (ranging from 7 to 25 months). At the last visit, visual acuity improved in nine patients (69.2%) compared with preoperative (P = 0.008).The grafts of seven individuals (53.8%) were completely transparent or slightly opaque; their corneal transparency score had improved significantly compared with before the surgery (P = 0.010). Various degrees of neovascularization were present in 11 of the 13 patients (84.6%), most neovascularization gradually stabilized. Graft dissolution occurred in three eyes (23.1%) during the observation period, two underwent regrafting, the other one became stable after treatment. Three patients underwent second allograft transplantation, two of which encountered APCS graft dissolution and one of the patients requested a human donor allograft transplantation due to transparency issues despite the absence of adverse issues.ConclusionAcellular porcine corneal stroma seems to be effective in the treatment of HSK and can be used in HSK with corneal perforation by using double lamellar keratoplasty in an emergency.
An Ankle Exoskeleton Using a Lightweight Motor to Create High Power Assistance for Push-Off
Authors: Liu Jiazhen , Xiong Caihua , Fu Chenglong 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Active exoskeletons have capacity to provide biologically equivalent levels of joint mechanical power, but high mass of actuation units may lead to uncoordinated walking and extra metabolic consumption. Active exoskeletons normally supply assistance directly during push-off and have a power burst during push-off. Thus, the requirements on power of motors are high, which is the main reason for the high mass. However, in a muscle-tendon system, the strategy of injecting energy slowly and releasing quickly is utilized to obtain a higher peak power than that of muscle alone. Application of this strategy of peak power amplification in exoskeleton actuation might lead to reductions of input power and device mass. This paper presents an ankle exoskeleton which can accumulate the energy injected by a motor during the swing phase and mostly the stance phase and then release it quickly during push-off. An energy storage and release system was developed using a four-bar linkage clutch. In addition, evaluation experiments on the exoskeleton were carried out. Results show that the exoskeleton could provide a high power assistance with a low power motor and reduced the requirement on motor power by 4.73 times. Besides, when walking with the exoskeleton, the ankle peak power was reduced by 25.8% compared to the normal condition. The strategy which imitates the working pattern of the muscle-tendon system leads to a lightweight and effective exoskeleton actuation, and it also supplies ideas for the designs of lightweight actuators that work discontinuously in other conditions.
Accelerated gastric emptying is associated with improved aspiration efficiency in obesity
Authors: Vargas Eric J , Storm Andrew C , Bazerbachi Fateh , Abu Dayyeh Barham K 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundThe overall effectiveness of aspiration therapy (AT) for obesity relies on optimal aspiration timing after a meal, which can vary depending on a patient’s rate of gastric emptying (GE). Our aim was to identify if baseline GE rates were associated with differences in aspiration efficiency (AE).MethodsSubjects from an ongoing AT clinical trial were enrolled in this study. AE was calculated as the absolute gastric residual and calories aspirated at 20 and 40 min. Participants were then divided by baseline GE rate into two groups (slow vs fast). Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to compare AE at 20 and 40 min between the groups. Exploratory linear regression was used to assess relationship between GE and AE.Results7 patients (85% female) were coenrolled in the study. Mean age and body mass index were 39.8±9.44 and 43±5, respectively. AE did not significantly differ between the 20 and 40 min time points for the group as a whole (34.3% vs 36.9%; p>0.5). However, those with fast GE aspirated more calories than those with slow GE (20 min: 200 kcal vs 72.5 kcal; 40 min: 154 kcal vs 63 kcal) (p=0.05). On linear regression, delayed GE was associated with poorer aspiration (20 min: β=−107 calories; p=0.019; R2=0.7). 4/7 patients had significant differences in residual/caloric aspiration across the two time points.ConclusionPatients undergoing AT may benefit from a GE test to optimise their AE. Paradoxically faster GE times saw better aspiration. Prospective studies are revealing a personalised approach to obesity.
Alterations in immune and renal biomarkers among workers occupationally exposed to low levels of trichloroethylene below current regulatory standards
Authors: Lee Kyoung-Mu , Zhang Luoping , Vermeulen Roel , Hu Wei , Bassig Bryan A , Wong Jason JJ , Qiu Chuangyi , Purdue Mark , Wen Cuiju , Walker Douglas I , Jones Dean P , Li Laiyu , Huang Yongshun , Rothman Nathaniel , Smith Martyn T , Lan Qing 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesThe occupational exposure limit for trichloroethylene (TCE) in different countries varies from 1 to 100 ppm as an 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA). Many countries currently use 10 ppm as the regulatory standard for occupational exposures, but the biological effects in humans at this level of exposure remain unclear. The objective of our study was to evaluate alterations in immune and renal biomarkers among workers occupationally exposed to low levels of TCE below current regulatory standards.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional molecular epidemiology study of 80 healthy workers exposed to a wide range of TCE (ie, 0.4–229 ppm) and 96 comparable unexposed controls in China, and previously reported that TCE exposure was associated with multiple candidate biological markers related to immune function and kidney toxicity. Here, we conducted further analyses of all of the 31 biomarkers that we have measured to determine the magnitude and statistical significance of changes in the subgroup of workers (n=35) exposed to <10 ppm TCE compared with controls.ResultsSix immune biomarkers (ie, CD4+ effector memory T cells, sCD27, sCD30, interleukin-10, IgG and IgM) were significantly decreased (% difference ranged from −16.0% to −72.1%) and one kidney toxicity marker (kidney injury molecule-1, KIM-1) was significantly increased (% difference: +52.5%) among workers exposed to <10 ppm compared with the control group. These associations remained noteworthy after taking into account multiple comparisons using the false discovery rate (ie, <0.20).ConclusionOur results suggest that occupational exposure to TCE below 10 ppm as an 8-hour TWA may alter levels of key markers of immune function and kidney toxicity.
PRESENCE OF hemA-LIKE AND hemT-LlKE GENES IN A JSUMBER OF ANOXYGENIC PHOTOSYNTHETIC BACTERIAL ISOLATES FROM INDONESIA AND SOIL SAMPLES FROM BOGOR AREA
Authors: AINI NURUL , SUWANTO ANTONIUS 
Published: April 2019

The Rhodobacter sphaeroides hemA and hemT are known to encode a distinct 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-synthase isozyme. This enzyme catalyzes the first and rate limiting step in ALA biosynthesis through the C4 pathway. This study was carried out to detect hemA-\\ke and hemT-\\ke genes in twenty Anoxygenic Photosynthetic Bacterial (APB) isolates from several wetland areas in Indonesia, and four DNA samples that were isolated from four soil samples obtained from Bogor area. Hybridization techniques of Southern and dot blot were used, using hemA and hemT fragment as probes. Southern hybridization analyses indicated the presence of hemA-\\ke gene in five of APB isolates, i.e., MB15, MB16, MB21.2, MB55 and MB6, whereas hemT-\\ke gene was detected only in MB15. Dot blot hybridization analyses suggested that the soil samples from waterlogged paddy-field, dry paddy-field as well as a mud pond were predominantly occupied by prokaryotic organisms which harboured hemA-]\ke gene. However, /iem7"-like sequences were also found in soil sample from dry paddy-field. Key words:Â Â Â hemA-\\ks gene / hemT-\\ke gene / Southern hybridization analysis / dot blot hybridization analysis.
Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Growth in Bicuspid Aortic Valve Patients: Role of Aortic Stiffness and Pulsatile Hemodynamics
Authors: Rooprai Jasjit , Boodhwani Munir , Beauchesne Luc , Chan Kwan‐Leung , Dennie Carole , Nagpal Sudhir , Messika‐Zeitoun David , Coutinho Thais 
Published: April 2019

Background

Bicuspid aortic valve (
BAV
) is the most common congenital cardiac abnormality. A thoracic aortic aneurysm (
TAA
) is present in ≈50% of
BAV
patients, who also have an 8‐fold higher risk of aortic dissection than the general population. Because the health of the aorta is directly reflected in its stiffness and pulsatile hemodynamics, we hypothesized that measures of aortic stiffness and arterial load would be associated with
TAA
growth in
BAV
.

Methods and Results

Twenty‐nine unoperated participants with
TAA
due to
BAV
who had serial imaging were recruited. Aortic stiffness and steady and pulsatile arterial load were evaluated with validated methods that integrate arterial tonometry with echocardiography.
TAA
growth was assessed retrospectively based on available imaging, blinded to hemodynamic status. Multivariable linear regression assessed associations of aortic stiffness and hemodynamic variables with
TAA
growth, adjusting for potential confounders. Overall, 66% of participants were men. Mean±SD for age, baseline aneurysm size, growth rate, and follow‐up time were 57.2±8.3 years, 46.9±3.6 mm, 0.75±0.81 mm/y, and 2.9±3.3 years, respectively. We found that greater aortic stiffness (β±
SE
for carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity: 0.30±0.13.
P
=0.03) and aortic characteristic impedance (β±
SE
: 0.46±0.18,
P
=0.02), as well as lower total arterial and proximal aortic compliance (β±
SE
: −0.44±0.21,
P
=0.05, and −0.63±0.16,
P
=0.001, respectively) were independently associated with faster aneurysm growth.

Conclusions

In patients with
TAA
due to
BAV
, measures of greater aortic stiffness and pulsatile arterial load indicate an association with accelerated aneurysm expansion. Assessing arterial hemodynamics may be useful for risk stratification and disease monitoring in
TAA
patients with
BAV
.
Apolipoprotein Profiles in Very Preterm and Term‐Born Preschool Children
Authors: Posod Anna , Pechlaner Raimund , Yin Xiaoke , Burnap Sean Anthony , Kiechl Sophia Julia , Willeit Johann , Witztum Joseph L. , Mayr Manuel , Kiechl Stefan , Kiechl‐Kohlendorfer Ursula 
Published: April 2019

Background
Little is known about plasma apolipoprotein profiles in very preterm‐born and term‐born preschool children compared with the adult population. This is of particular interest because apolipoprotein composition might contribute to cardiometabolic outcome in later life.

Methods and Results

Children aged 5 to 7 years born at term or with <32 weeks of gestation were included. Apolipoprotein concentrations were measured in plasma collected after an overnight fast using multiple‐reaction monitoring‐based mass spectrometry. Twelve apolipoproteins were measured in 26 former term and 38 former very preterm infants. Key findings were confirmed by assessing apolipoprotein levels using antibody‐based assays. Comparing children born term and preterm, apolipoprotein A‐I, A‐
IV
, C‐
II
, and C‐
III
were significantly higher in the latter group. Term‐born children showed plasma levels of apolipoprotein C‐
II
and C‐
III
quantitatively similar to the adult range (Bruneck study). Hierarchical clustering analyses suggested that a higher proportion of apolipoprotein C‐
III
and C‐
II
reside on high‐density lipoprotein particles in children than in adults given the marked correlations of apolipoprotein C‐
III
and C‐
II
with high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A‐I in children but not adults. High‐density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were similar in children and adults but the pattern of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol–associated apolipoproteins was different (lower apolipoprotein A‐I and C‐I but higher A‐
II
, A‐
IV
, and M).

Conclusions

Our study defines apolipoprotein profiles in preschoolers and reports potential effects of prematurity. Further large‐scale studies are required to provide evidence whether this apolipoprotein signature of prematurity, including high apolipoprotein C‐
II
and C‐
III
levels, might translate into adverse cardiometabolic outcome in later life.
Muslim-style Mausolea across Mongol Eurasia: Religious Syncretism, Architectural Mobility and Cultural Transformation
Authors: Blair Sheila 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe first Mongol khans were buried in hidden graves, but later Mongols adopted the Muslim practice of building aboveground domed tombs. This essay examines three domed mausolea typical of the Muslim lands erected in the early to mid-14th century in different Mongol khanates—that built for the Ilkhan Öljeitü at Sultaniyya, a second for the Chaghadaid Buyan Quli Khan outside Bukhara, and a third anonymous tomb at Guyuan, Hebei, in the Yuan territories of north China—to show how different Mongol patrons interpreted the same form and funerary traditions associated with it.
The Maritime and Continental Networks of Kīsh Merchants under Mongol Rule: The Role of the Indian Ocean, Fārs and Iraq
Authors: Yokkaichi Yasuhiro 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBased on a variety of literary and archaeological sources, notably the tariff lists produced in Rasulid Yemen, this study reconstructs the trade routes of the Kīsh merchants, demonstrating that the Persian Gulf route—between South and West India (Coromandel, Malabar, and Gujarat) and Iraq via the Persian Gulf—and the Red Sea route—between South and West India and Egypt via the Red Sea—were closely connected in the Mongol period. This not only manifests aspects of the proto-globalization in Mongol Eurasia but also argues against the supposed economic decline of post-1258 Baghdad and the economic centrality of Cairo in the post-Abbasid Muslim world.
Two new Perigrapha species from China (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)
Authors: SALDAITIS AIDAS , IVINSKIS POVILAS , BORTH ROBERT 
Published: April 2019

Two new species of Perigrapha Lederer, 1857 are described: Perigrapha pekarskyi sp. n. and Perigrapha balazsi sp. n. from Sichuan and Shaanxi Provinces of China. Superficially the new species resemble Perigrapha hoenei Püngeler, 1914, Perigrapha extincta Kononenko, 1989 and Perigrapha gyulaipeteri Ronkay, Ronkay & Hacker, 2010 from Japan, Russia and China, respectively, but differ slightly externally as well as by genitalia and DNA barcodes. Recent collecting records and taxonomic studies of this group are covered in Ahn et al. 1994, Kononenko 1989, Ratnasingham & Hebert 2007 and Ronkay et al. 2010. Acronyms for institutional repositories noted below include: AFM: Alessandro Floriani (Milan, Italy); BBT: Balázs Benedek(Törökbálint, Hungary); FHB: Franz Hofer (Baden, Austria); GBG/ZSM: Gottfried Behounek (Grafing, Germany) / Zoologische Staatssammlung, München (Germany); HNHM: Hungarian Natural History Museum (Budapest, Hungary); NRCV: Nature Research Centre (Vilnius, Lithuania); OPB: Oleg Pekarsky (Budapest, Hungary), PGM: Peter Gyulai (Miskolc, Hungary).
Winter Midlatitude Cold Anomalies Linked to North Atlantic Sea Ice and SST Anomalies: The Pivotal Role of the Potential Vorticity Gradient
Authors: Chen Xiaodan , Luo Dehai 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This study establishes a linkage between the North Atlantic sea ice concentration (SIC) or sea surface temperature (SST) and cold anomalies over northern Europe and North America through the Greenland blocking (GB) change. It is revealed that the magnitude of the meridional potential vorticity (PV) gradient in the North Atlantic mid- to high latitudes plays a key role in whether strong cold anomalies occur over the North America (NA) or northern Europe (NE) or both, while it is related to the SIC change observed over Baffin Bay, Davis Strait, and the Labrador Sea (BDL collectively) and the North Atlantic SST anomaly. When the midlatitude Atlantic SST is strongly warm or when the BDL SIC anomaly is largely positive, there is a corresponding large PV gradient over the North Atlantic. In this case, no intense cold anomalies are seen over NA due to less westward movement and the short lifetime of GB. Instead, a relatively strong cold anomaly appears over western and southern Europe. Its prior large-scale atmospheric circulation is the positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Moreover, strong cold anomalies can simultaneously occur over NA and NE only when the PV gradient is small under the influence of large SIC decline or intense mid- to high-latitude SST cooling across the Gulf Stream Extension. Its prior large-scale atmospheric circulation is a negative NAO phase. Daily composites show that strong cold anomalies over NA occur along the northwest–southeast direction in the presence of large SIC decline, whereas strong cold anomalies occur in NA midlatitudes even in the absence of large BDL SIC decline when mid- to high-latitude SST cooling is strong.