bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Method for assessing the surface quality of copper cathodes
Authors: Shulga E.V. , Yurev A.I. , Bazanov M.I. 
Published: February 2019

One of the criteria for the quality of high-purity copper, which makes it possible to evaluate its mechanical properties and, accordingly, its suitability for use by consumers, is the spiral elongation number which, in accordance with the requirements of the European Standard EN 12893, must be at least 400 mm. In order to stabilize spiral elongation number at the required level, an estimate is made of its distribution along the cathode web. Experimentally obtained results, processed using mathematical statistics methods, showed significant discrepancies between the spiral elongation values in the central and other parts of the cathode (upper, lower, side), which indicates an uneven distribution of the spiral elongation number along the cathode web. It was found that in order to form a representative analytical sample under cathode copper cathode production of the Polar Division of MMC «Norilsk Nickel», cathode testing should be performed using methods that include all areas of the cathode web, including edges and ears. To determine the dependence of the spiral elongation number on the surface quality of copper cathodes, a special technique has been developed, based on the detection of the most frequently encountered defects in the surface of the cathode web, which is assigned a certain numerical value in accordance with the ranking results. The proposed scoring system for the quality of cathodes in appearance allowed us to establish for the first time that stabilization of the spiral elongation number at a level of at least 400 mm is possible if the defectiveness of the cathode surface does not exceed 17 points per bath. The technique has found practical application for assessing the surface quality of copper cathodes under current production conditions.
ACYLATION OF HYDROQUINONES ESTERS AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS PRODUCTS
Authors: Ismailov Valekh M. , Ibragimova Gezal G. , Sadykhova Nurlana D. , Nagiyev Farid N. , Qasimov Rakif A. , Yusubov Niftali N. 
Published: February 2019

The high synthetic potential of the functionalized aromatic diketones makes it possible to use them as "multi-side" intermediates, in the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds and potentially biologically active molecules. Friedel-Crafts acylation of aromatic hydrocarbons is the most important method of synthesis of acylaromatic ketones, which allows the introduction of only one carbonyl group into the aromatic ring. The application of the Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction is not so often used to obtain aromatic diketones. Have been investigated the possibilities of synthesis functionalized diketones by the Friedel-Crafts acylation of aromatic hydrocarbons on the basis of 1,4-diacetyl- and 1-acetyl-4-methylhydroquinones in the presence of AlCl3 in dichloroethane. 2,6-diacetyl derivatives of hydroquinone and the products of their hydrolysis were obtained. Have been studied the dependence of the yield of the products on the reaction conditions. The properties of synthesized ketones in the reactions with electrophilic and nucleophilic reagents have also been studied. The reaction of 2,6-diacetylhydroquinone and its esters with hydroxylamine produced dioximes. The reaction of acetylhydroquinone and its derivatives with urea produces the corresponding imine that forms by the nucleophilic addition of urea to the carbonyl group. These ketones with guanidine hydrochloride give the corresponding guanidinium derivatives. Ketones with guanidine hydrochloride give the corresponding guanidinium derivatives, the formation of which refers to the reactions of nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl group. It was shown that this reaction with 1,4-dimethoxybenzene proceeds according to the scheme of electrophilic substitution in the aromatic nucleus, followed by destruction, forming a mixture of nitriles. These ketones are readily nitrated with partial hydrolysis of the methoxy group giving 1-(2-hydroxy-5-metoksi-3-nitrofenil)propan-1-ona. Unconventional electrophilic substitution reaction was observed at the Beckmann rearrangement of the oxime (E)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)etan-1-one proceeds by sulfonation and hydrolysis of the rearrangement reaction product to form 3-amino-2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzensulfonat. Have been shown the conditions and suggested mechanisms of carried out reactions.
Indonesian Older Adults’ Mental Health: An Overview
Authors: Hanum Lathifah , Utoyo Dharmayati Bambang , Jaya Edo Sebastian 
Published: February 2019

There have been numerous investigations regarding the prevalence of common psychological problems among the older adults, but the majority of them are conducted in a Western setting. This study attempts to provide some data on the mental health of Indonesian older adults, specifically: stress, chronic pain acceptance, depression, and insomnia. The result shows that prevalence of psychological problems is high and comparable to result from the Western studies. Unfortunately, even though the rate of psychological problems cases is similar to the West, access to psychological services is still very far from Western standard. Keywords: Indonesian older adults; stress; chronic pain acceptance; depression; insomnia
Fecal microbiota transplantation research output from 2004 to 2017: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Li Yan , Zou Ziyuan , Bian Xiaohui , Huang Yushan , Wang Yanru , Yang Chen , Zhao Jian , Xie Lang 
Published: February 2019

Background
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an emerging therapy against Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although the therapy has gained prominence, there has been no bibliometric analysis of FMT.

Methods
Studies published from 2004 to 2017 were extracted from the Science Citation Index Expanded. Bibliometric analysis was used to evaluate the number or cooperation network of publications, countries, citations, references, journals, authors, institutions and keywords.

Results
A total of 796 items were included, showing an increasing trend annually. Publications mainly came from 10 countries, led by the US (n = 363). In the top 100 articles ranked by the number of citations (range 47–1,158), American Journal of Gastroenterology (2017 IF = 10.231) took the top spot. The co-citation network had 7 co-citation clusters headed by ‘recurrent Clostridium difficile infection’. The top 7 keywords with the strongest citation bursts had three parts, ‘microbiota’, ‘ diarrhea ’, and ‘case series’. All keywords were divided into four domains, ‘disease’, ‘nosogenesis’, ‘trial’, and ‘therapy’.

Conclusions
This study shows the research performance of FMT from 2004 to 2017 and helps investigators master the trend of FMT, which is also an ongoing hotspot of research.
Variation in pelvic shape and size in Eastern European males: a computed tomography comparative study
Authors: Musielak Bartosz , Kubicka Anna Maria , Rychlik Michał , Czubak Jarosław , Czwojdziński Adam , Grzegorzewski Andrzej , Jóźwiak Marek 
Published: February 2019

Background
The significantly accelerated development of human society in the last millennium has brought about changes in human behavior and body mass that may have influenced human bone morphology. Our objective was to analyze the variation in pelvic shape and size in males from modern and medieval populations.

Methods
We obtained 22 pelvic girdles of adult males from a medieval cemetery located in Cedynia, Poland. The control group comprised 31 contemporary male pelves from individuals inhabiting the same region. The analyzed parameters were: interspinous distance (ISD), intercristal distance (ICD), intertuberous distance (ITD), anatomic conjugate of the pelvis, height of the pelvis (HP), iliac opening angle (IOA), iliac tilt angle (ITA), and ISD/ITD/HP ratio. Geometric morphometrics was used to analyze differences in shape in the pelves. All analyses were carried out on three-dimensional CT reconstructions of pelves.

Results
ISD, ICD, and IOA were significantly greater in modern pelves than in those from Cedynia, but no significant differences were seen between the two groups in ITD, anatomical conjugate, HP, or ITA. ISD/ITD/HP ratios were significantly lower in the Cedynia group. Geometric morphometrics revealed significant differences in pelvic shape between the analyzed groups.

Discussion
The pelves of modern males are larger, wider, and flatter than those of medieval males. Changes in the set of daily activities that produce mechanical loading and estimated body mass may constitute the main factors explaining pelvic variability. However, differences in ontogenesis should also be taken into consideration, especially since growth in past populations is often found to be reduced relative to modern populations.
Student and new graduate perception of hospital versus institutional clinic for clinical educational experience
Authors: Haworth Navine G. , Jones Linda K. 
Published: February 2019

Objective:
To explore final-year students and new graduates from 2 North American chiropractic colleges regarding perceptions of the clinical educational experience in a hospital vs the institutional clinical setting.

Methods:
A qualitative exploratory descriptive design was used for this research. Students and new graduates were invited to participate from a United States and Canadian chiropractic college. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 49 students and 14 new graduates lasting 60 minutes. Content analysis of the transcribed interviews was undertaken.

Results:
The data identified that there were advantages and disadvantages to having clinical education in both settings. For instance, the hospital setting had a more varied patient case mix (making it more complex and challenging for their clinical skills development), the pace was faster, and there was more evidence-based practice. This compared to the college clinics, which tended to be slower paced and had less variation, students were required to build a patient base, and patient demographics resembled that expected in private practice. Each environment was considered a unique clinical learning experience.

Conclusion:
Access and opportunity in both clinical environments is considered optimal in regards to providing a broad and varied student clinical experience. Exclusivity to one may not provide the best preparation for the professional context. As most graduate opportunities are private practice, the institutional clinical environment will provide a sufficient clinical teaching and learning environment to support the professional needs. A combination of these environments is considered ideal for the graduate.
Chemical Characterization and In vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Caralluma europaea Essential Oil and Its Synergistic Potential with Conventional Antibiotics
Authors: Dra Loubna Ait , Aghraz Abdellah , Boualy Brahim , Oubaassine Saadia , Barakate Mustapha , Markouk Mohamed , Larhsini Mustapha 
Published: February 2019

Aim: This study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil from the aerial part of Caralluma europaea and to evaluate the synergistic potential between essential oil and antibiotics.
Methodology: The chemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial activities and synergetic interaction between antimicrobial agents and essential oil isolated by hydrodistillation from the aerial part of C. europaea were evaluated. The chemical composition was analyzed by a Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) system. Antioxidant activity was measured employing three methods: scavenging of free radical DPPH, reducing power assay and the inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation. The antimicrobial activity of essential oil against microbial strains was qualitatively and quantitatively assessed by the presence or absence of inhibition zones diameters, and MIC values. The in vitro association between essential oil and some commercial antibiotics was also investigated.
Results: The GC/MS analysis shows that a total of 21 constituents were identified and the main compounds were Terpinolene (19.5%), α-Terpinene (16.2%) and Linalool (15.3%). Antioxidant study showed that essential oil exhibited antioxidant activity with IC50 values ranging from 0.32 mg/ml to 1.45 mg/ml. The results of antimicrobial activity showed that the essential oil had an inhibitory effect against the majority of tested microorganisms except K. pneumonia and P. aeruginosa. Gram-positive bacteria were found to be more sensitive than Gram-negative ones. Furthermore, essential oil approved an interesting antifungal activity against yeast species. Out of 25 combinations tested 64% showed total synergism, 20% had a partial synergistic interaction and 16% showed no effect. The best synergistic effect was obtained with the combination essential oil-gentamycin.
Conclusion: Our results are of a great importance and suggest that C. europaea essential oil contain bioactive compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties with possible applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
Vanadate‐Based Materials for Li‐Ion Batteries: The Search for Anodes for Practical Applications
Authors: Ni Shibing , Liu Jilei , Chao Dongliang , Mai Liqiang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWhile the practical application of electrode materials depends intensively on the Li+ ion storage mechanisms correlating ultimately with the coulombic efficiency, reversible capacity, and morphology variation of electrode material upon cycling, only intercalation‐type electrode materials have proven viable for commercialization up to now. This paper reviews the promising anode materials of metal vanadates (MxVyOz, M = Co, Cu, Mn, Fe, Zn, Ni, Li) that have high capacity, low cost, and abundant resource, and also discusses the related Li+ ion storage mechanism. It is concluded that most of these (MxVyOz, M = Co, Cu, Mn, Fe, Zn, Ni) exhibit irreversible redox reactions upon lithiation/delithiation accompanied by large volume expansion, which is not favorable for industrial applications. In particular, Li3VO4 with specific intercalation Li+ ion storage mechanism and compatible merits of safety and energy density exhibits great potential for practical application. This review systematically summarizes the latest progress in Li3VO4 research, including the representative fabrication approaches for advanced morphology and state‐of‐the‐art technologies to boost performance and the morphology variation associated with Li+ ion storage mechanisms. Furthermore, an outlook on where breakthroughs for Li3VO4 may be most likely achieved will be provided.
Palladium‐Catalyzed C(sp2)−H Activation for the Formation of C−N Bonds: Rapid Access to Benzimidazoquinazolines
Authors: Guo Xiaolong , Hu Jing , Zhang Mengmeng , Wang Luyao 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA convenient and effective method for Pd‐catalyzed cross‐dehydrogenative C(sp2)−H/N−H couplings to synthesize fused N‐heterocyclic benzimidazoquinazoline derivatives was developed. The reaction employs Pd(OAc)2 as the catalyst and Cu(OAc)2 or O2 (from the air) as the terminal oxidant. The strategy uses simple and easily accessible substrates. This method provides a route to azole‐fused heterocycles.
Quick sepsis‐related organ failure assessment score as a possible predictor for in‐hospital adverse events in infective endocarditis
Authors: Tamura Yudai , Nomura Akihiro , Yoshida Shohei , Tada Hayato , Sakata Kenji , Iino Kenji , Furusho Hiroshi , Takamura Masayuki , Takemura Hirofumi , Yamagishi Masakazu , Kawashiri Masa‐aki 
Published: February 2019

AimInfective endocarditis (IE) can be life‐threatening because of various associated adverse events. The quick Sepsis‐related Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score is a straightforward useful method for predicting in‐hospital mortality in patients with suspected infections. However, few data exist regarding the clinical impact of the qSOFA score on predicting adverse events in IE during hospitalization. We studied the usefulness of qSOFA score for predicting in‐hospital adverse events in patients with IE.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 104 consecutive patients diagnosed with IE on the basis of modified Duke criteria. We defined in‐hospital adverse events as occurrence of any of the following events during hospitalization: death, embolism, hemorrhage, or abscess formation. The high qSOFA group was defined as those with a qSOFA score ≥2. We used Cox regression analysis to estimate the hazard ratio for high qSOFA score on in‐hospital adverse events adjusted for age, sex, and Staphylococcus aureus infection.ResultsWe analyzed 83 patients (57 men, mean age 61 ± 18 years) from the total cohort of 104 patients enrolled. Among these, 12 (14.5%) had high qSOFA scores. The high qSOFA group had higher in‐hospital mortality compared to the low qSOFA group (50.0% vs. 4.2%, P < 0.01). In the Cox proportional hazards model, high qSOFA was significantly associated with in‐hospital adverse events (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.29; confidence interval, 1.02–5.12; P = 0.044).ConclusionThese results showed that high qSOFA score was significantly associated with in‐hospital adverse events in IE patients, although further prospective study is necessary to confirm our results.
Superelektrophilie des 1,2‐Azaborins: Bildung von Addukten mit Xenon und Kohlenmonoxid
Authors: Edel Klara , Ishibashi Jacob S. A. , Liu Shih‐Yuan , Bettinger Holger F. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDas BN‐Analogon des ortho‐Benzins, 1,2‐Azaborin, bindet Kohlenmonoxid und ein Xenonatom unter den Bedingungen der Matrixisolation, was seine hohe Lewis‐Acidität und Superelektrophilie zeigt. Die Lewis‐Säure‐Base‐Komplexe mit CO und Xe können photochemisch gespalten werden und bilden sich beim leichten Erwärmen der Matrizes zurück. Die Bindungsenergie zwischen 1,2‐Azaborin und Xe beträgt nach quantenchemischen Untersuchungen 3 kcal mol−1, ähnlich der des Xe‐Komplexes des superelektrophilen Carbens Difluorvinyliden.
Eine molekulare Seilbahn für den transmembranären Ionentransport
Authors: Credi Alberto 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDer kontrollierte Transport molekularer und ionischer Substrate durch Doppelschichtmembranen ist eine grundlegende Aufgabe für die Funktion lebender Organismen. Er stellt außerdem eine äußerst faszinierende und anspruchsvolle Herausforderung für künstliche molekulare Maschinen dar. Der kürzlich veröffentlichte Bericht über einen synthetischen molekularen Transmembranpendler, der Kaliumionen selektiv entlang eines Gradienten abwärts in einem liposomalem System transportieren kann, stellt einen kleinen, aber bedeutenden Schritt zum Erreichen dieses Ziels dar.
A Highly Red‐Emissive Lead‐Free Indium‐Based Perovskite Single Crystal for Sensitive Water Detection
Authors: Zhou Lei , Liao Jin‐Feng , Huang Zeng‐Guang , Wei Jun‐Hua , Wang Xu‐Dong , Li Wen‐Guang , Chen Hong‐Yan , Kuang Dai‐Bin , Su Cheng‐Yong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLow‐dimensional luminescent lead halide perovskites have attracted tremendous attention for their fascinating optoelectronic properties, while the toxicity of lead is still considered a drawback. Herein, we report a novel lead‐free zero‐dimensional (0D) indium‐based perovskite (Cs2InBr5⋅H2O) single crystal that is red‐luminescent with a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 33 %. Experimental and computational studies reveal that the strong PL emission might originate from self‐trapping excitons (STEs) that result from an excited‐state structural deformation. More importantly, the in situ transformation between hydrated Cs2InBr5⋅H2O and the dehydrated form is accompanied with a switchable dual emission, which enables it to act as a PL water‐sensor in humidity detection or the detection of traces of water in organic solvents.
Elektronen‐defizitäre Triboran‐ und Tetraboran‐Ringverbindungen: Synthese, Struktur und Bindung
Authors: Himmel Hans‐Jörg 
Published: February 2019

AbstractElektronen‐defizitäre kleine Borringe sind einzigartig durch ihre σ‐ und π‐delokalisierten Elektronensysteme sowie die Vermeidung “klassischer” elektronischer Strukturen mit Zwei‐Zentren‐Zwei‐Elektronen‐Bindungen. Diese Ringe sind tolerant gegenüber unterschiedlichen Gerüstelektronen‐Zahlen, wodurch ihre Redox‐Chemie äußerst interessant ist. In den letzten Jahrzehnten wurde eine Reihe stabiler Verbindungen mit verschiedenen Elektronenzahlen in den zentralen B3‐ und B4‐Einheiten synthetisiert. Unter Zuhilfenahme quantenchemischer Rechnungen wurde ihre elektronische Struktur detailliert untersucht. Andererseits ist die Chemie dieser Ringverbindungen weitgehend unerforscht und beschränkt sich bisher auf Protonierungs‐ und Redox‐Reaktionen einiger isolierter Systeme. Die Verknüpfung mehrerer B3‐ und/oder B4‐Ringsysteme sollte zu Verbindungen mit interessanten elektronischen Eigenschaften führen, bis hin zu neuen borbasierten Materialien. In diesem Aufsatz werden wichtige experimentelle und theoretische Resultate zusammengefasst, womit die Basis für die Erforschung der Chemie dieser Ringe gelegt und im Besonderen ihre Integration in höhermolekulare Architekturen vorbereitet werden sollen.
Forming Benzylic Iodides via a Nickel Catalyzed Diastereoselective Dearomative Carboiodination Reaction of Indoles
Authors: Marchese Austin D. , Lind Florian , Mahon Áine E. , Yoon Hyung , Lautens Mark 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA diastereoselective dearomative carboiodination reaction is reported. We report a novel metal‐catalyzed approach to install reactive secondary benzylic iodides. Utilizing the unique reactivity of nickel, we have expanded the carboiodination reaction to non‐activated aromatic double bonds forming a previously unattainable class of iodides. We also report a broadly applicable method to avoid the use of a metallic reducing agent by utilizing an alkyl phosphite as the ligand. The reaction is thought to proceed through a syn intramolecular carbonickelation across a 2‐substituted indole followed by a diastereoretentive reductive elimination of the carbon−iodine bond. The complex iodinated indolines generated in the reaction were obtained in moderate to good yields and good to excellent diastereoselectivity. The products were easily functionalized by a variety of synthetic methods.
Water Vapor Does Not Catalyze the Reaction between Methanol and OH Radicals
Authors: Chao Wen , Jr‐Min Lin Jim , Takahashi Kaito , Tomas Alexandre , Yu Lu , Kajii Yoshizumi , Batut Sébastien , Schoemaecker Coralie , Fittschen Christa 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRecent reports [Jara‐Toro et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2017, 56, 2166 and PCCP 2018, 20, 27885] suggest that the rate coefficient of OH reactions with alcohols would increase by up to two times in going from dry to high humidity. This finding would have an impact on the budget of alcohols in the atmosphere and it may explain differences in measured and modeled methanol concentrations. The results were based on a relative technique carried out in a small Teflon bag, which might suffer from wall reactions. The effect was reinvestigated using a direct fluorescence probe of OH radicals, and no catalytic effect of H2O could be found. Experiments in a Teflon bag were also carried out, but the results of Jara‐Toro et al. were not reproducible. Further theoretical calculations show that the water‐mediated reactions have negligible rates compared to the bare reaction and that even though water molecules can lower the barriers of reactions, they cannot make up for the entropy cost.