bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Active restoration increases tree species richness and recruitment of large‐seeded taxa after 16–18 years
Authors: Schubert Spencer C. , Zahawi Rakan A. , Oviedo‐Brenes Federico , Rosales Juan Abel , Holl Karen D. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTropical forest restoration presents a potential lifeline to mitigate climate change and biodiversity crises in the Anthropocene. Yet, the extent to which human interventions, such as tree planting, accelerate the recovery of mature functioning ecosystems or redirect successional trajectories toward novel states remains uncertain due to a lack of long‐term experiments. In 2004–2006, we established three 0.25‐ha plots at 10 sites in southern Costa Rica to test three forest restoration approaches: natural regeneration (no planting), applied nucleation (planting in patches), and plantation (full planting). In a comprehensive survey after 16–18 years of recovery, we censused >80,000 seedlings, saplings, and trees from at least 255 species across 26 restoration plots (nine natural regeneration, nine applied nucleation, eight plantation) and six adjacent reference forests to evaluate treatment effects on recruitment patterns and community composition. Both applied nucleation and plantation treatments resulted in significantly elevated seedling and sapling establishment and more predictable community composition compared with natural regeneration. Similarity of vegetation composition to reference forest tended to scale positively with treatment planting intensity. Later‐successional species with seeds ≥5 mm had significantly greater seedling and sapling abundance in the two planted treatments, and plantation showed similar recruitment densities of large‐seeded (≥10 mm) species to reference forest. Plantation tended toward a lower abundance of early‐successional recruits than applied nucleation. Trees (≥5 cm dbh) in all restoration treatments continued to be dominated by a few early‐successional species and originally transplanted individuals. Seedling recruits of planted taxa were more abundant in applied nucleation than the other treatments though few transitioned into the sapling layer. Overall, our findings show that active tree planting accelerates the establishment of later‐successional trees compared with natural regeneration after nearly two decades. While the apparent advantages of higher density tree planting on dispersal and understory establishment of larger seeded, later‐successional species recruitment is notable, more time is needed to assess whether these differences will persist and transition to the more rapid development of a mature later‐successional canopy. Our results underscore the need for ecological restoration planning and monitoring that targets biodiversity recovery over multiple decades.
On the Halogenation of Tyrosine N‐Oxime Methyl Ester
Authors: Payne Morgan , Fossatti Luke , Chamberland Stephen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEfficient syntheses of mono‐, di‐, and heterodihalogenated derivatives of tyrosine N‐oxime methyl ester are reported. Monohalogenation with N‐bromosuccinimide (NBS), N‐chlorosuccinimide (NCS) or N‐iodosuccinimide (NIS) was optimized by addition of acid to suppress dihalogenation, affording bromo, chloro, and iodo derivatives in 71 %, 50–53 %, and 78–80 % yields, respectively. Homodihalogenation utilized a two‐step, one‐flask process via a spirocyclic intermediate, yielding dibromo, dichloro, and diiodo analogues, respectively (75–76 %, 54–56 %, 79–80 %). This strategy was extended to synthesize hetero‐dihalogenated bromochloro, bromoiodo, and chloroiodo derivatives from monohalogenated analogues (50–77 %). Key to this approach was the formation of an oxidized spirocyclic intermediate using excess N‐halosuccinimide, followed by Na₂S₂O₄ reduction. This method ensures complete conversion and simplifies purification. Nine halogenated building blocks were prepared. These methods provide practical access to versatile precursors for natural product synthesis and derivatization, offering potential for diverse synthetic applications including regioselective palladium‐catalyzed couplings.
Neuropsychological morbidity in the First Seizure Clinic: Prominent mood symptoms and memory issues in epilepsy
Authors: Pugh Remy , Vaughan David N. , Jackson Graeme D. , Ponsford Jennie , Tailby Chris 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the neuropsychological morbidity across the spectrum of patients presenting to a First Seizure Clinic, and test the hypothesis that cognitive and psychological compromise is especially prominent in those diagnosed with epilepsy.MethodsA sample of 201 patients referred to the Austin Hospital First Seizure Clinic (FSC) underwent cognitive screening via telephone and psychological screening via online questionnaire, all prior to their diagnostic evaluation (and any attendant treatment recommendation) at the FSC. Rates of cognitive (i.e., scores <10th percentile) and psychological impairment (using established clinical cut scores) were compared against 35 demographically matched controls. Cognitive differences were explored between the most frequently encountered patient subgroups (epilepsy, n = 48; first unprovoked seizure, n = 24; acute symptomatic seizure, n = 24; syncope, n = 35) via a multivariate analysis of variance, with diagnostic labels applied retrospectively after a period of follow‐up.ResultsPeople with epilepsy were most likely to show cognitive impairments, particularly in learning and memory, with performances worse than all other FSC groups (F [3127] = 2.44, p = 0.03). Clinically significant depressive symptoms were similarly prevalent in all patient groups, with one in three at risk for Major Depressive Disorder. Elevated anxiety symptoms were common across patient groups; however, not significantly different to controls.SignificanceCognitive impairment in epilepsy and mood problems in all FSC groups are detectable via remote screening as early as the first seizure. Learning and memory difficulties are particularly prevalent in new‐onset epilepsy and may lend diagnostic information when paired with clinical factors.Plain Language SummaryThis study explored cognitive and psychological differences between various patient groups attending an Australian First Seizure Clinic. We found that learning and memory abilities were poorer in people with epilepsy than other patient groups including those with non‐epileptic seizures, and seizure‐mimics (fainting episodes). Therefore, along with standard epilepsy investigations, memory performances could help to predict which patients have epilepsy versus a non‐epileptic condition after a first suspected seizure. Further, approximately one in three from each patient group showed high symptoms of depression and anxiety. The findings highlight the importance of evaluating cognition and mood in people with first seizures.
An IoT‐Based 5G Wireless Sensor Network Employs a Secure Routing Methodology Leveraging DCNN Processing
Authors: Sabri Yassine , Hilmani Adil 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe security principles of the fifth generation (5G) are anticipated to include robust cryptography models, information security models, and machine learning (ML) powered Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) specifically designed for Internet of Things (IoT) based wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Nevertheless, the existing security models fall short in addressing the dynamic network characteristics of WSNs. In this context, the suggested system introduces a secure and collaborative multi‐watchdog system through the implementation of deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) and distributed particle filtering evaluation scheme (DPFES). The proposed system utilizes deep learning (DL) techniques to create a dynamic multi‐watchdog system that safeguards each sensor node by monitoring its transmissions. Furthermore, the proposed approach includes secure data‐centric and node‐centric evaluation methods that are crucial for enhancing the security of 5G‐based IoT‐WSN networks. The network evaluation processes based on DL facilitate the creation of a secure multi‐watchdog system within dense IoT‐WSN environments. This system enables the deployment of active watchdog IDS agents as needed. The proposed approach includes various components such as a system dynamics model, cooperative watchdog model, Dual Line Minimum Connected Dominating Set (DL‐MCDS), and DL‐based event analysis procedures. From a technical perspective, the system is driven by the implementation of DPFES, which utilizes particle filtering frameworks to analyze network events and establish a secure 5G environment. The system has been successfully implemented, and its results have been compared with those of other similar works. The performance of the proposed cooperative multi‐watchdog system demonstrates a significant improvement of and compared to other techniques.
“I never had a problem with anyone”: The benefits of a life course interview and ethnographic narrative for domestic violence survivors
Authors: Bloom Allison 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFeminist anthropologists have long emphasized the mutual transformation that occurs with ethnographic fieldwork; in particular, life course interviews can be one such powerful tool. Based on an ethnographic case study with a Uruguayan domestic violence survivor, I draw upon mental health research, feminist traditions, and anthropological scholarship to argue that a life history interview can offer therapeutic benefits when utilized by either practitioners or researchers working with survivors of gender‐based violence. Ultimately, allowing space for survivors to share their narratives on their own terms opens up possibilities for knowledge production towards survivor‐driven support.
Time‐Varying US Government Spending Anticipation in Real Time
Authors: Goemans Pascal , Kruse‐Becher Robinson 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTDue to legislation and implementation lags, forward‐looking economic agents anticipate changes in fiscal policy variables before they actually occur. The literature shows that this foresight poses a challenge to the econometric analysis of fiscal policies. While most of the literature uses fully revised data to investigate the degree of fiscal foresight, we use forecasts from the Survey of Professional Forecasters (SPF), the Greenbook/Tealbook from the Federal Reserve, and the Real‐Time Data Set for Macroeconomists. Furthermore, we distinguish between federal as well as state and local consumption & investment expenditures. We find that real‐time data matter. Using the first release, the SPF nowcast was able to predict 43% of the out‐of‐sample fluctuation in federal government spending growth (only 24% using the most recent release). Moreover, the SPF was able to predict 60% and 52% of the cumulated growth in federal and state & local government spending growth over a 1‐year horizon. We use the Diebold–Mariano tests and model confidence sets to investigate whether SPF forecasts significantly outperform the Greenbook projections and forecasts from purely backward‐looking time series models. Compared to the SPF and Greenbook projections, the time series models perform inferior at most forecast horizons. In addition, so‐called information advantage regressions reveal that most forecasts could be improved by using the information of the SPF. Using rolling windows, we document remarkable time‐variation in the degree of fiscal foresight of the SPF and its information advantage against (augmented) autoregressive models and the Greenbook. Particularly during the 1980s and 2000s, we find a strong degree of anticipation for government spending at the federal level by the SPF and the central bank.
Connectivity‐Based Real‐Time Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Neurofeedback in Nicotine Users: Mechanistic and Clinical Effects of Regulating a Meta‐Analytically Defined Target Network in a Double‐Blind Controlled Trial
Authors: Taebi Arezoo , Mathiak Klaus , Becker Benjamin , Klug Greta Kristin , Zweerings Jana 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTOne of the fundamental questions in real‐time functional magnetic resonance imaging neurofeedback (rt‐fMRI NF) investigations is the definition of a suitable neural target for training. Previously, we applied a meta‐analytical approach to define a network‐level target for connectivity‐based rt‐fMRI NF in substance use disorders. The analysis yielded consistent connectivity alterations between the insula and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) as well as the dorsal striatum and the ACC. In the current investigation, we addressed the feasibility of regulating this network and its functional relevance using connectivity‐based neurofeedback. In a double‐blind, sham‐controlled design, 60 nicotine users were randomly assigned to the experimental or sham control group for one NF training session. The preregistered primary outcome was defined as improved inhibitory control performance after regulation of the target network compared to sham control. Secondary outcomes were (1) neurofeedback‐specific changes in functional connectivity of the target network; (2) changes in smoking behavior and impulsivity measures; and (3) changes in resting‐state connectivity profiles. Our results indicated no differences in behavioral measures after receiving feedback from the target network compared to the sham feedback. Target network connectivity was increased during regulation blocks compared to rest blocks, however, the experimental and sham groups could regulate to a similar degree. Accordingly, the observed activation patterns may be related to the mental strategies used during regulation attempts irrespective of the group assignment. We discuss several crucial factors regarding the efficacy of a single‐session connectivity‐based neurofeedback for the target network. This includes high fluctuation in the connectivity values of the target network that may impact controllability of the signal. To our knowledge, this investigation is the first randomized, double‐blind controlled real‐time fMRI study in nicotine users. This raises the question of whether previously observed effects in nicotine users are specific to the neurofeedback signal or reflect more general self‐regulation attempts.
Genetic Interaction Between F‐Box Encoding UCC1 and RRM3 Regulates Growth Rate, Cell Size, and Stress Tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Pandita Monika , Shoket Heena , Kumar Rakesh , Bairwa Narendra K. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTUcc1, an F‐box motif‐containing protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encoded by UCC1 regulates energy metabolism through proteasomal degradation of citrate synthase Cit2 and inactivation of the glyoxylate cycle when glucose is present as the main carbon source in the growth medium. Rrm3, a Pif1 family DNA helicase, encoded by RRM3 regulates the movement of the replication forks during the DNA replication process. Here in this study, we present evidence of binary genetic interaction between both the genes, UCC1 and RRM3, that determine the growth rate, cell morphology, cell size, apoptosis, and stress response. The absence of both genes UCC1 and RRM3 leads to altered cell morphology, increased growth rate, utilization of alternate carbon sources, resistance to hydrogen peroxide, and susceptibility to acetic acid‐induced apoptosis. Further, the genetic interaction network analysis shows both the genes UCC1 and RRM3 interaction through the SGS1 and cross‐link among metabolic, glyoxylate, DNA replication, and retrograde signaling pathways.
Dental professionals as clinical educators: A transcendental inquiry into training needs
Authors: Fehrenbacher Jennifer E. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurposeClinical instructors are responsible for educating dental hygiene students in the patient care environment. While these instructors have experience in the dental field, they often do not have pedagogical training, or a background, related to education. The purpose of this qualitative, phenomenological study was to explore the experiences of dental professionals who transitioned from clinical practitioners to clinical instructors at one US dental hygiene program in 2022. As the theoretical underpinning for this study, andragogy offered a lens through which to tailor the creation of training opportunities distinctive to the needs of adult learners. The central research question for this study was, “What are the experiences of dentists and dental hygienists who have transitioned from clinical practice to the role of clinical instructors?” The subquestions guiding this study were “What forms of education, professional development, or support are necessary to help guide the transition from healthcare professional to clinical instructor?” and “How can this education, professional development, or support be delivered to clinical instructors in a way that meets their needs as adult learners?”MethodsA transcendental phenomenological approach enabled a deeper understanding of participants’ experiences and their thought processes as they transitioned from clinical practitioners to their roles as clinical instructors. Purposeful sampling was used to recruit dentists and dental hygienists who served as clinical instructors in a dental hygiene program at a midwestern public university. Data collection was triangulated using individual interviews, photograph journals, and a virtual focus group. Data analysis was conducted using epoché, phenomenological reduction, imaginative variance, and synthesis of the structural and textural descriptions gathered during data collection.ResultsA total of 13 clinical faculty members participated in all three parts of the study. Five themes were derived from the data collection: life responsibilities, challenges faced, training received, training needed, and training delivery preferences. These themes helped to create an understanding of the phenomena of transitioning from clinical practitioner to clinical instructor as the participants experienced it in addition to training delivery preferences.ConclusionThe study's findings highlighted the importance of training dentists and dental hygienists to become clinical instructors while using andragogical principles.IRB approval: This project received Institutional Review Board (IRB) exemption from Liberty University (IRB‐FY22‐23‐285).
Assessing trends for developed INBDE questions: A dental school experience
Authors: Wright Kyle E. , Dragan Irina F. , Finkelman Matthew , Karimbux Nadeem , Shaikh Samar 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess trends related to integrated questions created by fourth‐year dental students as a part of the Basic Science and Clinical Science Spiral Seminar Series (BaSiCSsss) at Tufts University School of Dental Medicine (TUSDM).MethodsDeidentified BaSiCSsss presentations from 2019 to 2023 were obtained from the Office of Academic Affairs at TUSDM. The integrated questions created by fourth‐year dental students were extracted and compiled into an Excel sheet. Following the Joint Commission on National Dental Examinations (JCNDE) guidelines for the Integrated National Board Dental Examination (INBDE) question construction, each question was evaluated on 13 distinct categories. The categories consisted of 10 foundational knowledge (FK) and three clinical content (CC) areas. Calibration of the two investigators (Kyle E. Wright and Samar Shaikh) was performed. The chi‐square test and Fisher's exact test were used to evaluate trends of FK and CC category representation across the 4 years.ResultsTwelve hundred fifty‐six questions were extracted from the BaSiCSsss presentations between academic years 2019 and 2023. CC1 (diagnosis and treatment planning) emerged as the most represented category at 44.2% of the questions while FK2 (physics and chemistry to explain normal biology and pathobiology) had the least representation at 1.1%. Statistically significant year‐to‐year differences (p < 0.05) were identified in FK1, FK5, FK6, FK8, CC1, and CC2 with FK5, FK6, and CC2 exhibiting a notable downward trend over the 4 years.ConclusionThe current study highlights the trends in student‐created integrated questions. Understanding these trends may aid in curriculum development, focusing on areas with decreasing representation and ensuring a balanced coverage of topics optimizing learning outcomes.
Enhancing teamwork in higher education: Experiences of podiatry students using SPARKPLUS for self‐ and peer‐assessment in group work
Authors: Kaminski Michelle R. , Raspovic Anita , Munteanu Shannon E. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundTeamwork is essential for delivering high‐quality healthcare, particularly given the increasing complexity of care due to chronic diseases, comorbidities and limited resources. The necessary skills and attributes for effective teamwork are often taught and assessed through group work within healthcare education programs. While group work can assist the development of skills and attributes of students to be effective team members, it also presents challenges, such as ensuring equitable student contributions. The Self and Peer Assessment Resource Kit (SPARKPLUS) endeavours to increase transparency, address inequities and provide learning‐oriented feedback in group work. However, there is limited evidence on its utility within university health education. This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the experiences of podiatry students who used SPARKPLUS for self‐evaluation and peer review during group work.MethodsUndergraduate podiatry students (n = 102) enrolled in a fourth‐year (final year) project‐based subject provided self‐ and peer‐assessment ratings for two group assessment tasks using SPARKPLUS. Eleven students (10.8%) participated in semi‐structured focus groups, which were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Inductive thematic analysis was conducted by two independent reviewers.ResultsFour overarching themes and 11 subthemes were identified: (i) Performance (1a. Equity; 1b. Accountability), (ii) Peer inter‐relationships (2a. Social dynamics; 2b. Fear of consequences), (iii) Feedback and reflection (3a. Self‐reflection; 3b. Receiving and responding to feedback; 3c. Supervisor action; 3d. Avoiding confrontation) and (iv) Utility (4a. Enablers; 4b. Barriers; 4c. Integration throughout course).ConclusionsOverall, SPARKPLUS encouraged equity, accountability and self‐reflection among group members. There was perceived risk of negative group dynamics and relationships when poor feedback was given. It was equivocal if team member contributions increased. Self‐ and peer‐assessment with SPARKPLUS is a useful approach towards addressing inequities in group work within health education and may offer insight into the development and assessment of teamwork capabilities.