bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Bacterial Meningitis after Craniotomy in Shahid Bahonar Hospital of Kerman in 2016
Authors: Ahmadinejad Mehdi , Bilesteh Yalda , Ahmadipour Maryam 
Published: May 2019

Objective: Postoperative infections of the central nervous system are common complications of neurological surgeries, which can lead to bad consequences for the patient and increase the cost of treatment. Incorrect diagnosis or treatment of meningitis after craniotomy can lead to irrecoverable disabilities. Therefore, this study tends to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of bacterial meningitis after craniotomy in Shahid Bahonar Hospital of Kerman.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional, analytical, descriptive study. The statistical population was 146 patients who underwent craniotomy in Shahid Bahonar Hospital of Kerman during 2016. To find out the relationship between each risk factor and meningitis, multivariate logistic regression was used. Data was analysed by SPSS software version 16. For comparison of percentages between two groups, Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used. In order to compare quantitative variables between the two groups, independent t-test was used; if the data was nonparametric, U-Mann-Whitney test was used.
Results: Of 77 patients, who underwent elective surgery, 5 cases (6.5%) developed bacterial meningitis; of patents that underwent emergency surgery, 8 cases (11.6%) developed bacterial meningitis. Two of 43 female patients (4.7%) and 11 of 103 male patients (10.7%) developed bacterial meningitis of patients with underlying disease, 4 (5.6%) patients developed bacterial meningitis and 9 (12%) of other patients developed bacterial meningitis. There were 4 cases of cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Of 146 patients, 13 cases (8.9%) developed bacterial meningitis, of which 5 had positive bacterial CSF culture; one case of Acinetobacter baumannii, one case of Staphylococcus Epidermidis ,one case of Streptococcus pyogenes, one case of Staphylococcus aureus and one case of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were reported.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that prevalence of bacterial meningitis increases with the increase in the number of received blood units, the presence of associated infection, the increase in duration of stay in hospital and ICU, the increase in duration of mechanical ventilation and repeated craniotomy and lower GCS.
Growth and Characterization of PbTe Thin-film through Solvo Thermal Method
Authors: Ahuome B. A. , Adamu I. , Adamu M. A. , Baba-Kutigi A. N. 
Published: May 2019

The research considered the Solvo-Thermal method of growing PbTe on non-conducting glass substrate. Cadmium Sulphide thin-film was deposited and used as the n-type absorber layer. On the internal parameters studied, the PbTe nano-film has thickness of as measured through gravimetric analysis; the optical absorbance studied through the use of UV-750 Series spectrophotometer showed a stable absorbance within the visible wavelength (390 nm – 700 nm) and optical band gap energy of was obtained as extrapolated from the graph of against . The I-V pattern were measured and plotted. The PbTe grown through this method therefore show a good Fill factor of
Psychopathic traits, gender, and motivations for sex: Putative paths to sexual coercion
Authors: Hoffmann Amy M. , Verona Edelyn 
Published: May 2019

AbstractEvidence suggests that both men and women perpetrate sexual coercion. Psychological factors, including psychopathic traits and power motivations, have been proposed to characterize male‐perpetrated sexual coercion; however, it is unclear whether these factors play a similar role in female‐perpetrated coercion or whether other motivations (e.g., intimacy, affect regulation) should be considered. To improve our understanding in this area, the current study first examined relationships between psychopathic traits and sexual coercion in a sample of 1199 undergraduate students (756 women), with gender as a potential moderator of these relationships. Second, the role of motivations for sex (e.g., power, affect regulation) in accounting for the psychopathy‐coercion relationship was examined in men and women. Data were collected using an online survey and analyzed using multigroup path analysis. Results implicated impulsive‐antisocial traits as particularly important to male‐perpetrated verbal (e.g., manipulative) and nonverbal (e.g., physical) coercion, and that this relationship was partially explained by motives for sex involving power. In contrast, psychopathic traits did not appear to play a major role in female perpetrated coercion; instead, emotional value (i.e., intimacy‐related) motivations for sex were associated with verbal (e.g., manipulation) coercion in women. In sum, our results support a conceptual model of male perpetration where men who are high in impulsive‐antisocial traits may engage in sexual coercion in an attempt to feel powerful. Further, the findings in the female sample suggest that factors other than psychopathy, such as gender role beliefs in regard to sexual encounters, may be particularly important to female perpetrated sexually coercive behavior.
Highly Aligned, Anisotropic Carbon Nanofiber Films for Multidirectional Strain Sensors with Exceptional Selectivity
Authors: Lee Jeng‐Hun , Kim Jungmo , Liu Dan , Guo Fengmei , Shen Xi , Zheng Qingbin , Jeon Seokwoo , Kim Jang‐Kyo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRealization of sensing multidirectional strains is essential to understanding the nature of complex motions. Traditional uniaxial strain sensors lack the capability to detect motions working in different directions, limiting their applications in unconventional sensing technology areas, like sophisticated human–machine interface and real‐time monitoring of dynamic body movements. Herein, a stretchable multidirectional strain sensor is developed using highly aligned, anisotropic carbon nanofiber (ACNF) films via a facile, low‐cost, and scalable electrospinning approach. The fabricated strain sensor exhibits semitransparency, good stretchability of over 30%, outstanding durability for over 2500 cycles, and remarkable anisotropic strain sensing performance with maximum gauge factors of 180 and 0.3 for loads applied parallel and perpendicular to fiber alignment, respectively. Cross‐plied ACNF strain sensors are fabricated by orthogonally stacking two single‐layer ACNFs, which present a unique capability to distinguish the directions and magnitudes of strains with a remarkable selectivity of 3.84, highest among all stretchable multidirectional strain sensors reported so far. Their unconventional applications are demonstrated by detecting multi‐degrees‐of‐freedom synovial joint movements of the human body and monitoring wrist movements for systematic improvement of golf performance. The potential applications of novel multidirectional sensors reported here may shed new light into future development of next‐generation soft, flexible electronics.
Critical Aspects and Recent Advances in Structural Engineering of Photocatalysts for Sunlight‐Driven Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 into Fuels
Authors: Vu Nhu‐Nang , Kaliaguine Serge , Do Trong‐On 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe catalytic conversion of CO2 into valuable fuels is a compelling solution for tackling the global warming and fuel crisis. Light absorption and charge separation, as well as adsorption/activation of CO2 on the photocatalyst surface, are essential steps for this process. This article reviews the CO2 photoreduction mechanisms and critical aspects that greatly affect the photoreduction efficiency. Additionally, different materials for CO2 photoreduction are provided, including d0 and d10 metal oxides/mixed oxides, sulfides, polymeric materials, and metal phosphides with visible response, metal‐organic frameworks, and layer double hydroxides. Furthermore, various structural engineering strategies and corresponding state‐of‐the‐art photocatalytic systems are reviewed and discussed, such as bandgap engineering, geometrical nanostructure engineering, and heterostructure engineering. Each strategy has advantages and disadvantages, requiring further adjustment to further improve the photocatalytic performance of the photocatalyst. Based on this review, it is greatly expected that efficiently artificial systems and the breakthrough technologies for CO2 reduction will be successfully developed in the future to solve the energy shortage as well as the environmental problem.
Additively Manufactured Multiphasic Bone–Ligament–Bone Scaffold for Scapholunate Interosseous Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Lui Hayman , Bindra Randy , Baldwin Jeremy , Ivanovski Saso , Vaquette Cedryck 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe scapholunate interosseous ligament (SLIL) is a frequently torn wrist ligament, and current surgical options for SLIL tears are suboptimal. This research aims to develop a novel multiphasic bone–ligament–bone scaffold (BLB) with a porous interface using 3D‐printing and cell sheet technology for the reconstruction of the dorsal scapholunate interosseous ligament. The BLB comprises two bone compartments bridged by aligned polycaprolactone fibers mimicking the architecture of the native tissue. Mechanical testing of the BLBs shows their ability to withstand physiological forces. Combination of the BLB with human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell sheet demonstrates that the harvesting did not compromise cell viability, while allowing homogeneous distribution in the ligament compartment. The BLBs are loaded with cell sheets and bone morphogenetic protein‐2 in the ligament and bone compartment respectively prior to ectopic implantation into athymic rats. The histology demonstrates rapid tissue infiltration, high vascularization, and more importantly the maintenance of the compartmentalization as bone formation remains localized to the bone compartment despite the porous interface. The cells in the ligament compartment become preferentially aligned, and this proof‐of‐concept study demonstrates that the BLB can provide sufficient compartmentalization and fiber guiding properties necessary for the regeneration of the dorsal SLIL.
Discourse on culture in research on immigrant and migrant workers’ health
Authors: Premji Stephanie 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundHealth and safety researchers and practitioners have proposed that cultural differences help explain inequalities between foreign and native‐born workers. While cultural explanations for inequalities have long been debated in other fields, there exists little critique of cultural discourses in occupational health.MethodsThis article examines and discusses the discourse on culture in 107 articles on immigrant or migrant workers’ health published between 2011 and 2015. For each article, passages on culture were identified and analysed for both the context and the manner in which culture was discussed.ResultsThe discourse on culture was found to be generally simplistic, individualistic, and uncritical, intentionally or unintentionally supporting the worldview that workers’ “otherness” is both cause of inequalities and target for interventions.ConclusionThe article argues that empirical, theoretical and interdisciplinary work is needed to document the mechanisms and pathways that underlie health and safety inequalities by foreign‐born status.
Familial aggregation of “apple peel” intestinal atresia and cardiac left‐sided obstructive lesions: A possible causal relationship with NOTCH1 gene mutations
Authors: Digilio M. Cristina , Magliozzi Monia , Di Pede Alessandra , Valfrè Laura , Dentici Maria Lisa , Auriti Cinzia , Marino Bruno , Novelli Antonio , Dallapiccola Bruno 
Published: May 2019

Abstract“Apple peel” intestinal atresia is a rare form of small bowel atresia, in which the duodenum or proximal jejunum ends in a blind pouch and the distal small bowel wraps around its vascular supply, in a spiral resembling an apple peel. The etiology of “apple peel” intestinal atresia is presently unknown, although a congenital or acquired intestinal vascular accident can have a role in the pathogenesis. We report a family in which the proband affected by “apple peel” intestinal atresia, had a sibling (an interrupted pregnancy), and a paternal cousin with cardiac left‐sided obstructive lesions. Molecular testing for NOTCH1 gene was carried out in the proband, because pathogenic mutations in this gene have been associated with familial and sporadic cardiac left‐sided obstructive lesions and vascular anomalies, both isolated or within the spectrum of the Adams‐Oliver syndrome (AOS). The heterozygous c.2734C>T (p.Arg912Trp) NOTCH1 variant was found in the proband with “apple peel” intestinal atresia and in his father. This result argues for a possible causal relationship between NOTCH1 gene mutations and some forms of intestinal defects, through a vascular mechanism. The spectrum of NOTCH1‐associated malformations is widened. Genetic counseling should take into account intrafamilial variable clinical expression and incomplete penetrance.
Medical genetics and genomic medicine in Japan
Authors: Suzuki Hisato , Watanabe Tomoko , Uehara Tomoko , Kosaki Kenjiro 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSince 1961, all Japanese citizens have belonged to one of the available medical care insurance systems. This “universal care” system has contributed to the maintenance of health: the life expectancy at birth was 84 years in 2016, and the infant mortality rate (the number of infants dying before reaching 1 year of age) was 2.0 per 1,000 live births, which is one of the lowest rates in the world. The Japanese government initiated the National Program on Rare and Intractable Diseases in 1972. This program has promoted research and expanded support for patients with rare and intractable diseases. Registered patients are eligible for a subsidy scheme that helps to cover medical care costs. Among the 331 diseases that are currently included in this program, more than half of the diseases are Mendelian disorders. The National Program on Rare and Intractable Diseases has fostered research in medical genetics in Japan and many causative genes for Mendelian diseases have been identified by Japanese geneticists. Recently, the Japanese government has determined to support several genomic medicine initiatives including the undiagnosed disease program (Initiative on Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases) and pathogenic variant databases.
Lignin and lignin derivatives as components in biobased hot melt adhesives
Authors: Laine Christiane , Willberg‐Keyriläinen Pia , Ropponen Jarmo , Liitiä Tiina 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTHot melt adhesives (HMAs) are formulated for the first time with different lignins as major components, and the developed HMA formulations were tested for gluing paperboard. The best formulations showed equal or even better bond strength compared to a commercial HMA reference. A maximum bond strength of 16.1 N was achieved with a formulation of oxidized cellulose acetate, organosolv lignin, and triethyl citrate, whereas the bond strength of the commercial HMA reference was 10.5 N. The performance was adjusted via the selection of lignin, the formulation, and chemical modification. Lignin modification was not necessary but provided further possibilities for adjusting the properties for different products (reversible vs irreversible adhesive seams) and also for producing plasticizer‐free formulations. Modification with tall oil fatty acids enabled the formulation of fully biobased HMAs without any external plasticizer and provided a bond strength as high as high as 8.9 N. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47983.
Investigation on the environmental‐friendly poly(lactic acid) composites based on precipitated barium sulfate: Mechanical, thermal properties, and kinetic study of thermal degradation
Authors: Xu Yu‐xuan , Yang Ji‐nian , Nie Shi‐bin , Li Zhen‐yu , Liu Yue , Zhu Jin‐bo 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTA novel environmental‐friendly poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites based on precipitated barium sulfate (BaSO4) were prepared via melt‐compounding. The mechanical properties and thermal stability of PLA/BaSO4 composites were investigated. To dig the decomposition mechanism, kinetic analysis of thermal degradation was emphasized systematically based on nonisothermal thermograms. Results showed that the mechanical responses were improved remarkably both under the quasi‐static condition and subjected to high‐speed shock due to the well‐bonded interfaces between PLA and BaSO4. Meanwhile, the added BaSO4 suppressed the mass conversion rate of PLA phase and improved the thermal stability at high temperature. Due to the inhibition of BaSO4, the calculated activation energy was enhanced obviously according to model‐free isoconversional approaches. Finally, the apparent kinetic mechanism and reaction order for the over‐all thermal degradation were determined by the combination of model‐fitting approaches and Carrasco method. From this study, we hope to provide a facile method to prepare environmental‐friendly PLA composites with excellent mechanical properties and thermal stability. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47995.
Simultaneous determination of metolazone and losartan in their combined tablets using synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy
Authors: Fathy Mona E. , El‐Awady Mohamed I. , Belal Fathalla 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSynchronous spectrofluorimetry is utilized to carry out a rapid, sensitive and reliable method for determination of the binary mixture of metolazone (MTL) and losartan potassium (LSP). Under optimized experimental conditions, the synchronized fluorescence spectra of the two drugs were measured at Δλ = 80 nm in acidic methanolic solution and intensities were recorded at 260 nm for MTL and 335 nm for LSP. Linear correlation between fluorescence intensity and concentration were obtained through the ranges 0.02–0.2 μg/mL and 0.2–2.0 μg/mL for MTL and LSP, respectively. Limits of detection were 3.02 and 0.12 ng/mL, whereas limits of quantification were 9.16 and 0.35 ng/mL for MTL and LSP, respectively. The designated procedure was easily and successfully adopted to determine the two compounds in their single, as well as in co‐formulated, tablets and the results showed high precision and accuracy without any significant interference from common tablet excipients. A comparison of the obtained results with a published reference method was carried out and both showed good agreement with respect to accuracy and precision.
Nanoscale integration of single cell biologics discovery processes using optofluidic manipulation and monitoring
Authors: Jorgolli Marsela , Nevill Tanner , Winters Aaron , Chen Irwin , Chong Su , Lin Fen‐Fen , Mock Marissa , Chen Ching , Le Kim , Tan Christopher , Jess Philip , Xu Han , Hamburger Agi , Stevens Jennitte , Munro Trent , Wu Ming , Tagari Philip , Miranda Les P. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe new and rapid advancement in the complexity of biologics drug discovery has been driven by a deeper understanding of biological systems combined with innovative new therapeutic modalities, paving the way to breakthrough therapies for previously intractable diseases. These exciting times in biomedical innovation require the development of novel technologies to facilitate the sophisticated, multifaceted, high‐paced workflows necessary to support modern large molecule drug discovery. A high‐level aspiration is a true integration of “lab‐on‐a‐chip” methods that vastly miniaturize cellulmical experiments could transform the speed, cost, and success of multiple workstreams in biologics development. Several microscale bioprocess technologies have been established that incrementally address these needs, yet each is inflexibly designed for a very specific process thus limiting an integrated holistic application. A more fully integrated nanoscale approach that incorporates manipulation, culture, analytics, and traceable digital record keeping of thousands of single cells in a relevant nanoenvironment would be a transformative technology capable of keeping pace with today's rapid and complex drug discovery demands. The recent advent of optical manipulation of cells using light‐induced electrokinetics with micro‐ and nanoscale cell culture is poised to revolutionize both fundamental and applied biological research. In this review, we summarize the current state of the art for optical manipulation techniques and discuss emerging biological applications of this technology. In particular, we focus on promising prospects for drug discovery workflows, including antibody discovery, bioassay development, antibody engineering, and cell line development, which are enabled by the automation and industrialization of an integrated optoelectronic single‐cell manipulation and culture platform. Continued development of such platforms will be well positioned to overcome many of the challenges currently associated with fragmented, low‐throughput bioprocess workflows in biopharma and life science research.
Agent navigation using deep learning with agent space heat map for crowd simulation
Authors: Oshita Masaki 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe propose a novel method of crowd simulation that employs a deep learning technique for controlling individual agents. We use a convolutional neural network to learn agent space heat maps that are generated from example crowd animations. A heat map contains the positions and speeds of nearby agents and the temporary target position that indicates an appropriate heading direction for the agent to reach the final target position efficiently. When controlling an agent, an agent space heat map that contains possible temporary target positions is estimated from the trained model and the agent space heat map that contains only the positions and speeds of nearby agents. In addition, evaluation functions are used to choose a temporary target position from the estimated heat map. Individual agents are controlled using a force‐based model so that they move toward the estimated temporary target position. Our approach realizes human‐like navigation by combining the intuitive and logical aspects of decision‐making.
A Novel Aqueous‐based Gelcasting Process to Fabricate Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 Solid Electrolytes
Authors: Peng Xiang , Zhang Xiaokun , Huang Kai , Song Shipai , Xiang Yong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA novel aqueous‐based gelcasting technique is developed to fabricate dense Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) electrolytes with complex structures, which is based on an aqueous slurry with a solid LLZTO fraction of 75 wt % and a copolymer of isobutylene and maleic anhydride as dispersant as well as gelling agent. A new recipe is developed by introducing LiOH into the aqueous slurry to suppress the Li+/H+ exchange reaction, ensuring that the gelcasting LLZTO has a pure cubic garnet phase. The gelcasting LLZTO has a high ionic conductivity of 0.74×10−3 S cm−1 (25 °C), an excellent lithium cycling stability, and a wide voltage window up to 5 V, which are comparable with literature reports and can satisfy the requirements of the next‐generation lithium batteries with higher energy densities. The aqueous‐based gelcasting technique is promising in the cost‐efficient and environment‐friendly manufacturing of high‐quality LLZTO solid electrolytes for all‐solid‐state batteries.