bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die dunkle Seite von Geschwisterbeziehungen
Authors: Witte Susanne , Walper Sabine , Fegert Jörg M. 
Published: February 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGHäufig kommt es in Geschwisterbeziehungen zu Feindseligkeit und Rivalität sowie körperlicher und psychischer Gewalt. Diese haben zum Teil langanhaltende Auswirkungen auf die psychische Befindlichkeit. Vorangegangene Forschungsarbeiten haben bisher jedoch meist nur eine Dimension der negativen Interaktionsmuster, z. B. körperliche Gewalt, untersucht. Anhand einer Stichprobe von 4568 Erwachsenen, die zu ihrer Geschwisterbeziehung in der Kindheit und ihrer aktuellen psychischen Belastung befragt wurden, wird die Häufigkeit und das Ausmaß unterschiedlicher negativer Interaktionsmuster in der Geschwisterbeziehung beleuchtet. Merkmale der Geschwisterkonstellation, die diese begünstigen, werden herausgestellt sowie Zusammenhänge mit der aktuellen psychischen Belastung aufgezeigt. Die Ergebnisse verweisen darauf, dass es in Geschwisterbeziehungen zu einem hohen Ausmaß an Konflikten kommt. Auch die Häufigkeit von körperlicher Gewalt und Feindseligkeit unter Geschwistern ist als hoch einzuschätzen. Für alle Skalen negativer Merkmale ist ein geringer Altersabstand zwischen den Geschwistern besonders vorhersagekräftig. Im Hinblick auf die psychische Belastung im Erwachsenenalter sind vor allem Rivalität und Feindseligkeit zwischen den Geschwistern sowie Ausschluss durch das Geschwister prädiktiv. Bei der Interpretation der Ergebnisse sind Besonderheiten der Stichprobe, wie Alters- und Geschlechtsverteilung, sowie das retrospektive Design zu beachten.
Die interdisziplinäre Notaufnahme im Zusammenspiel mit Chest Pain Units, Brustschmerzambulanzen und Cardiac Arrest Centern
Authors: Post Felix , Lutz Matthias , Frey Norbert , Münzel Thomas 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungDie notfall- bzw. akutmedizinische Versorgung der Bevölkerung von Patienten gewinnt mehr und mehr an Bedeutung. In Deutschland stellen sich zum Beispiel pro Jahr hunderttausende Patienten mit Brustschmerzen in Notaufnahmen vor, wobei sich bei ca. 5 – 20% ein akutes Koronarsyndrom nachweisen lässt. Zudem werden pro Jahr 75 000 prähospitale Reanimationen durchgeführt, von denen mehr als 60% kardial bedingt sind. Die primäre Anlaufstelle dieser kardialen Patienten ist in der Regel eine Notaufnahme, die, wenn möglich, Strukturen vorhalten soll, um diese Patienten rasch und effizient zu diagnostizieren und zeitnah lebensrettende Maßnahmen einzuleiten. Gefordert werden heutzutage, dass der interdisziplinären Notaufnahme Chest Pain Units (CPU), Stroke Units, Brustschmerzambulanzen (BSA) und, falls möglich, Cardiac-Arrest-Zentren (CAC) angegliedert sind, die es wiederum ermöglichen, durch eine optimale interdisziplinäre Betreuung durch Internisten, Neurologen und Anästhesisten die Prognose der Patienten durch Diagnostik und Therapie zu optimieren. In unserem Übersichtsartikel wollen wir uns auf die Interaktionen der interdisziplinären Notaufnahme mit den CPU, BSA und CAC fokussieren.
Evaluation eines Pilotprojekts zur strukturierten Fortbildung pädagogischer Fach- und Lehrkräfte im Umgang mit Typ-1-Diabetes bei Kindern und Jugendlichen in Rheinland-Pfalz
Authors: Gutzweiler Raphael , Neese Marlies , Reichert Dorothea , Kraus Laura , In-Albon Tina 
Published: February 2019

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Typ-1-Diabetes (T1D) im Kindes- und Jugendalter ist eine häufige und zunehmende chronische Erkrankung. Um Bedürfnissen Betroffener in Kindergarten und Schule gerecht zu werden, sind strukturierte Fortbildungen für pädagogische Fach- und Lehrkräfte erforderlich. In Deutschland gibt es bislang keine standardisierten Seminare zum Umgang mit T1D bei Kindern und Jugendlichen, die in Weiterbildungsveranstaltungen für pädagogische Fach- und Lehrkräfte aufgenommen wurden. Initiiert durch den Verein „Hilfe für Kinder und Jugendliche bei Diabetes mellitus e. V.“, fanden im Rahmen eines Pilotprojekts 41 Seminare in Rheinland-Pfalz statt.
Material und Methoden Die teilnehmenden pädagogischen Fach- und Lehrkräfte (N = 825) füllten vor und nach dem Seminar sowie nach 6 Monaten Fragebögen zum Kompetenzerleben und zum Wissensstand aus. Zudem wurde direkt nach dem Seminar eine Einschätzung der Seminarinhalte erhoben.
Ergebnisse Es zeigte sich eine hohe Akzeptanz der Seminare durch die Teilnehmer*innen. Im Vergleich zum Stand vor dem Seminar verfügten die pädagogischen Fach- und Lehrkräfte im Anschluss über mehr diabetesspezifisches Wissen (Cohens d = 1,34), das nach sechs Monaten (d = 1,3) auf einem stabil hohen Niveau blieb. Die selbsteingeschätzte Kompetenz im Umgang mit T1D stieg mit dem Besuch des Seminars deutlich an (d = 1,67), nahm im Katamnesezeitraum ab (d = – 0,38), blieb jedoch weiterhin auf einem höheren Niveau als vor Beginn des Seminars (d = 1,17).
Diskussion Die Ziele des Pilotprojekts können mit der Steigerung des diabetesspezifischen Wissens und der selbsteingeschätzten Kompetenz im Umgang mit T1D bei den teilnehmenden pädagogischen Fach- und Lehrkräften als erreicht angesehen werden. Die Aufnahme von Seminaren in die Regelfortbildung der pädagogischen Fach- und Lehrkräfte kann diese im Umgang mit T1D unterstützen und zur besseren Versorgung von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit T1D beitragen.
A novel device for the endoscopic management of buried bumper syndrome
Authors: Hindryckx Pieter , Dhooghe Barbara , Wannhoff Andreas 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Background Buried bumper syndrome (BBS) is a complication of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) in which the internal bumper is overgrown by the gastric mucosa. Apart from loss of patency of the PEG tube, the buried bumper may evoke symptoms such as abdominal pain or peritubular leakage. While the management of an incompletely buried bumper is fairly straightforward, this is not the case for a completely buried bumper. Different approaches to remove completely buried bumpers have been described, including endoscopic knife- or papillotome-based techniques. However, these devices are used off-label and the procedures can be laborious.
Methods The Flamingo device has recently been introduced as the first tool specifically designed to remove a completely buried bumper.
Results We describe the technique and our first experience in five patients with a completely (n = 4) or almost completely (n = 1) buried bumper. Fast and save removal of the buried bumper was obtained in all patients.
Conclusion We believe that this device has the potential to become the standard first-line tool for the management of completely buried bumpers.
Extended Pterional Approach for Medial Sphenoid Wing Meningioma: A Series of 47 Patients
Authors: Lynch Jose Carlos , Pereira Celestino Esteves , Gonçalves Mariangela , Zanon Nelci 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Background To describe our operative strategy and analyze its safety and effectiveness for the removal of medial sphenoid wing meningiomas (MSWMs) through the extended pterional approach.
Method We identified 47 patients with MSWMs who were operated using this approach between 1986 and 2016. Medical charts, operative reports, imaging results, and clinical follow-up evaluations were reviewed and retrospectively analyzed.
Results No surgical mortality was observed in this sample. Gross total resection was achieved in 30 (63.8%) patients. Intradural clinoidectomy was performed in 16 (34%) patients. The median length of follow-up was 8.5 years (range, 1–30 years).
Conclusion The extended pterional approach associated with microsurgery techniques provided excellent results for the removal of MSWMs.
Clinical Challenges: Assessing Toddler Speech Sound Productions
Authors: DeVeney Shari 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWhen assessing toddler speech sound productions, speech-language pathologists (SLPs) must be mindful of several important but not insurmountable limitations inherent to working with this young population for whom speech sound production may be of concern. These limitations include: (1) inconsistencies in recommended connected speech sampling size and phonetic transcription accuracy, (2) the prevalence of typical intraword variability for toddlers, (3) limited information regarding the reliability of informal measures of analysis, and (4) irregularities in available normative data for referencing speech sound development and mastery. This article includes a discussion of these factors, an overview of key assessment tools for single-word and connected-speech sampling, advice for current evidence-based practice procedures, and a thorough but not exhaustive listing of opportunities to improve clinical practice in this area. Despite limitations, SLPs working with toddlers have some tools and resources available to facilitate diagnostic procedures that allow for authentic decision-making regarding access to therapeutic services.
Analysis of Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes of the Angle between Clivus and Supraocciput in Patients with Chiari's Malformation Type I Following Surgical Decompression
Authors: Wang Xin , Gao Jun , Han Shiyuan , Li Zhimin , Li Yongning 
Published: February 2019

Background The objective of this study was to investigate whether different angles between the clivus and supraocciput (C–SO angle) in patients with Chiari's malformation type I (CMI) after posterior fossa decompression lead to different clinical and radiographic outcomes.
Methods A total of 73 patients who underwent surgical decompression at our institution between 2010 and 2016 were retrospectively divided into two groups: group A, with an angle less than 96 degrees, and group B, with an angle ≥ 96 degrees. Patient clinical outcomes were determined using the Chicago Chiari Outcome Scale (CCOS), and radiographic outcomes were determined by changes in the syrinx size before and after surgery. Direct comparisons were made between the two groups.
Results There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups regarding demographics, preoperative symptoms or radiographic characteristics (p > 0.05), except for the cerebellar tonsillar descent (p ≤ 0.001). The mean overall CCOS score was 13.11 ± 1.99. The total CCOS score was significantly different between the two patient groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, group A demonstrated significantly better postoperative improvements than group B in clinical outcome measures based on the CCOS system (p = 0.035). For radiographic outcomes, the change in the syrinx between the two groups was also significantly different, with a value p = 0.024.
Conclusions A direct comparison between the two groups revealed that a smaller C–OS angle (< 96 degrees) was related to unsatisfactory clinical and radiographic outcomes. Thus, the C–OS angle may emerge as a predictor of clinical or radiographic outcomes following surgical decompression in patients with CMI.
Colon capsule versus computed tomography colonography for colorectal cancer screening in patients with positive fecal occult blood test who refuse colonoscopy: a randomized trial
Authors: Pioche Mathieu , Ganne Christell , Gincul Rodica , De Leusse Antoine , Marsot Julien , Balique Julien , Fond Alain , Bretagnolle Michel , Henry Luc , Billaud Yann , Malezieux Romain , Lapalus Marie-Georges , Chambon-Augoyard Christine , Del Tedesco Emilie , Scalone Olivia , Montoy Jean-Charles , Russias Benoit , Detry Antoine , Veniat Frédéric , Qiu Jin , Valette Pierre-Jean , Taillandier Annabel , Saurin Jean-Christophe , Tomczyk-Ferrero Josiane , Gandilhon Clémentine , Vecchiato Léa , Soler-Michel Patricia , Ponchon Thierry 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Objective Some patients (10 % – 32 %) with a positive guaiac fecal occult blood test (gFOBT) do not undergo the recommended colonoscopy. The aim of this study was to compare video capsule endoscopy (VCE) and computed tomography colonography (CTC) in terms of participation rate and detection outcomes when offered to patients with a positive gFOBT who did not undergo the recommended colonoscopy.
Methods An invitation letter offering CTC or VCE was sent to selected patients after randomization. Acceptance of the proposed (or alternative) procedure and procedure results were recorded. Sample size was evaluated according to the hypothesis of a 13 % increase of participation with VCE.
Results A total of 756 patients were targeted. Following the invitation letter, 5.0 % (19/378) of patients underwent the proposed VCE and 7.4 % (28/378) underwent CTC, (P = 0.18). Following the letter, 9.8 % (37/378) of patients in the VCE group underwent a diagnostic procedure (19 VCE, 1 CTC, 17 colonoscopy) vs. 10.8 % in the CTC group (41/378: 28 CTC, 13 colonoscopy; P = 0.55). There were more potentially neoplastic lesions diagnosed in the VCE group than in the CTC group (12/20 [60.0 %] vs. 8/28 [28.6 %]; P = 0.04). Thus, 15/20 noninvasive procedures in the VCE group (19 VCE, 1 CTC; 75.0 %) vs. 10/28 in the CTC group (35.7 %; P = 0.01) resulted in a recommendation of further colonoscopy, but only 10/25 patients actually underwent this proposed colonoscopy.
Conclusion Patients with a positive gFOBT result who do not undergo the recommended colonoscopy are difficult to recruit to the screening program and simply proposing an additional, less-invasive procedure, such as VCE or CTC, is not an effective strategy.
Role for nuclear interleukin-37 in the suppression of innate immunity
Authors: Li Suzhao , Amo-Aparicio Jesus , Neff Charles P. , Tengesdal Isak W. , Azam Tania , Palmer Brent E. , López-Vales Rubèn , Bufler Philip , Dinarello Charles A. 
Published: February 2019

Significance
Interleukin-1 family members are highly inflammatory, but member IL-37 is unique in broadly suppressing inflammation and specific immunity. IL-37 is a dual-function cytokine by binding in the nucleus and to cell surface receptors. We generated an IL-37 transgenic mouse carrying the aspartic acid (D) to alanine (A) mutation at amino acid 20 (D20A), which prevents the nuclear translocation of IL-37. In transgenic mice expressing native IL-37, inflammatory cytokines are reduced during systemic endotoxemia, but, in mice expressing the D20A mutation, protection is lost, consistent with a nuclear function of IL-37. Nevertheless, IL-37D20A released from cells binds to its receptors and initiates suppression of innate inflammation. These studies reveal a nuclear function of IL-37 in vivo.
Current research on instructed second language learning
Authors: DeKeyser Robert M. , Prieto Botana Goretti 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
In this introductory chapter we provide a picture of recent research on instructed second language learning (ISLA), not about its findings, but about what questions it addresses, on what aspects of the second language, and with what methodologies. We also address some potential reasons for why ISLA research is a relatively small part of the SLA research published in the leading journals, and for why a rather small part of that ISLA research is carried out in actual classrooms. We then present a set of questions about research methodology and generalizability of results that we asked the authors of each empirical chapter in the book (Chapters 2–9) to address, and we provide a brief overview of where the various contributions fall on the spectrum from least to most instructional intervention, which in turn largely determines their answers to the questions we asked them to address.
Integrating instructed second language research, pragmatics, and corpus-based instruction
Authors: Bardovi-Harlig Kathleen , Mossman Sabrina , Su Yunwen 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This paper discusses the issues raised by implementing instruction in language classrooms for the purpose of researching the effects of instruction on second language acquisition. We examine the process of developing and implementing novel corpus-based instruction for the teaching of pragmatic routines in a study that compared the use of teacher-developed corpus-based materials to guided, hands-on corpus searches by learners (Bardovi-Harlig, Mossman, & Su, 2017). We use this study as the impetus for reflection on the experimenters’ role in materials and activities development and the difference between experimental instruction and classroom teaching. We further discuss the role of learner proficiency levels and grammatical and lexical development in response to instruction, teacher collaboration, and generalizability to other contexts.
The effects of recasts versus prompts on immediate uptake and learning of a complex target structure
Authors: Nassaji Hossein 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This study compared the effects of recasts and prompts on learning a complex target structure (English relative clauses). It also examined how these effects were mediated by learners’ level of language proficiency. Fifty-four high- and low-proficiency ESL learners were assigned to three groups: recast (n = 18), prompt (n = 18), and control (n = 18). Both uptake and pretest-posttest measures were used to assess feedback effectiveness. Each learner met with a native-speaker interlocutor outside the classroom four times over a four-week period for the pretest, treatment, and immediate and delayed posttests. Picture-cued oral production tasks were developed and used to elicit the use of relative clauses. The findings revealed an advantage for recasts over prompts, and also showed that the two feedback types varied in their effects on uptake versus learning and also interacted differently with learners’ levels of language proficiency. Although the study was conducted outside the classroom, the pedagogical relevance will be discussed.
Weak mixing for nonsingular Bernoulli actions of countable amenable groups
Authors: Danilenko Alexandre 
Published: February 2019

Let

G
G

be an amenable discrete countable infinite group, let

A
A

be a finite set, and let

(

μ
g

)

g
∈
G

(\mu _g)_{g\in G}

be a family of probability measures on

A
A

such that

inf

g
∈
G

min

a
∈
A

μ
g

(
a
)
>
0

\inf _{g\in G}\min _{a\in A}\mu _g(a)>0

. It is shown (among other results) that if the Bernoulli shiftwise action of

G
G

on the infinite product space

⨂

g
∈
G

(
A
,

μ
g

)

\bigotimes _{g\in G}(A,\mu _g)

is nonsingular and conservative, then it is weakly mixing. This answers in the positive a question by Z. Kosloff, who proved recently that the conservative Bernoulli

Z

d

\mathbb {Z}^d

-actions are ergodic. As a byproduct, we prove a weak version of the pointwise ratio ergodic theorem for nonsingular actions of

G
G

.
On a class of singular measures satisfying a strong annular decay condition
Authors: Arroyo Ángel , Llorente José 
Published: February 2019

A metric measure space

(
X
,
d
,
μ
)

(X, d, \mu )

is said to satisfy the strong annular decay condition if there is a constant

C
>
0

C>0

such that

μ

(

B
(
x
,
R
)
∖
B
(
x
,
r
)

)

≤
C

R
−
r

R

μ
(
B
(
x
,
R
)
)

\begin{equation*} \mu \big ( B(x, R) \setminus B(x,r) \big ) \leq C\, \frac {R-r}{R}\, \mu (B(x,R)) \end{equation*}

for each

x
∈
X

x\in X

and all

0
>
r
≤
R

0>r \leq R

. If

d

∞

d_{\infty }

is the distance induced by the

∞
\infty

-norm in

R

N

\mathbb {R}^N

, we construct examples of singular measures

μ
\mu

on

R

N

\mathbb {R}^N

such that

(

R

N

,

d

∞

,
μ
)

(\mathbb {R}^N, d_{\infty }, \mu )

satisfies the strong annular decay condition.
The Urysohn Lemma is independent of ZF + Countable Choice
Authors: Tachtsis Eleftherios 
Published: February 2019

We prove that it is relatively consistent with

Z
F

\mathsf {ZF}

(i.e., Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory without the Axiom of Choice (

A
C

\mathsf {AC}

)) that the Axiom of Countable Choice (

A
C

ℵ

0

\mathsf {AC}^{\aleph _{0}}

) is true, but the Urysohn Lemma (

U
L

\mathsf {UL}

), and hence the Tietze Extension Theorem (

T
E
T

\mathsf {TET}

), is false. This settles the corresponding open problem in P. Howard and J. E. Rubin [Consequences of the Axiom of Choice, Mathematical Surveys and Monographs, Vol. 59, American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 1998].

We also prove that in Läuchli’s permutation model of

Z
F
A

\mathsf {ZFA}

+
+

¬

U
L

\neg \mathsf {UL}

,

A
C

ℵ

0

\mathsf {AC}^{\aleph _{0}}

is false. This fills the gap in information in the above monograph of Howard and Rubin.
Inventory Credit as a Commitment Device to Save Grain Until the Hunger Season
Authors: Le Cotty T , Maître d'Hôtel E , Soubeyran R , Subervie J 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn January 2013, we collected data from 653 farmers in Burkina Faso, who were asked hypothetical questions about risk aversion and time discounting. Ten months later, these farmers were offered the opportunity to participate in an inventory credit system, also called warrantage, in which they receive a loan in exchange for storing a portion of their harvest as a physical guarantee in one of the newly‐built warehouses of the program. We found that a significant number of farmers chose to store grain in the warehouse without taking the maximum amount allowed for a loan in return, and that farmers who exhibit a stronger present bias were significantly more likely to participate in the warrantage system than other, otherwise similar, farmers. We interpret these results as evidence that farmers use warrantage as a means to commit to saving a portion of their crop until the lean season. These results are in line with the main predictions of our theoretical model, which explicitly takes the hyperbolic nature of farmers' time preferences into account.
Antisense strategies and therapeutic applications
Authors: David A. Putnam 
Published: February 2019

The concepts underlying the antisense approach to disease therapy are discussed, and potential applications are examined.
Antisense therapeutic agents bind to DNA or RNA sequences, biocking the synthesis of cellular proteins with unparalleled specificity. Transcription and translation are the two processes with which the agents interfere. There are three major classes of antisense agents: antisense sequences, commonly called antisense oligonucleotides; antigene sequences; and ribozymes. Antisense sequences are derivatives of nucleic acids that hybridize cytosolic messenger RNA (mRNA) sense strands through hydrogen bonding to complementary nucleic acid bases.
Antigene sequences hybridize double-stranded DNA in the nucleus, forming triple helixes. Ribozymes, rather than inhibiting protein synthesis simply by binding to a single targeted mRNA. combine enzymatic processes with the specificity of antisense Iwse pairing, creating a molecule that can incapacitate multiple targeted niRNAs. Anti-sense therapeutic agents are being investigated in vitro and in vivo for use in treating human immunodeficiency virus infection, hepatitis B virus infection, herpes simplex virus infection, papillomavirus infection, cancer, restenosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and allergic disorders. Although many results are preliminary, some are promising and has e led to clinical trials. A major goal in developing methods of delivering antisense agents is to reduce their susceptibility to nucleases while retaining their ability to bind to targeted sites. Modification of the phosphodiester linkages in oligonucleotides can lend the sequences enzymatic stability without affecting their binding capacities. Carrier systems designed to protect the antisense structure and improve passage through the cell membrane include liposomes, water-soluble polyrners, and nanoparticles. The pharmacokinetics of anti-sense agents are under investigation.
Antisense therapeutic agents have the potential to become an integral part of medicinal regimens.