bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of ß-Carotene and Lutein in Green Tea Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: He Yong , He Yong , Zhao Yiying , Zhang Chu , Sun Chanjun , Li Xiaoli , Zhao Yiying , Zhang Chu , Sun Chanjun , Li Xiaoli 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The feasibility of using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics to determine the ß-carotene and lutein contents in green tea was investigated in this study. The relationship between pigment contents and spectral responses was explored by partial least squares (PLS), least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM), and extreme learning machine (ELM) methods. Next, 30 and 29 effective wavenumbers (EWs) for ß-carotene and lutein, respectively, were selected according to the weighted regression coefficients of the PLS regression models, and simplified determinant models were built on the extracted EWs. The ELM models based on the EWs obtained the best results, with correlation coefficients of calibration (rc) and prediction (rp), and residual prediction deviation (RPD) of 0.977, 0.946, and 2.84, respectively, for ß-carotene and 0.975, 0.937, and 2.88, respectively, for lutein. The overall results indicate that FT-IR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics could be a rapid and accurate alternative method for determining carotenoid pigments in green tea. Keywords: ß-carotene, Chemometrics, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Green tea, Lutein.
Development of an Automated High- Throughput Phenotyping System for Wheat Evaluation in a Controlled Environment
Authors: Zhang Chongyuan , Zhang Chongyuan , Pumphrey Michael O. , Zhou Jianfeng , Zhang Qin , Sankaran Sindhuja , Pumphrey Michael O. , Zhou Jianfeng , Zhang Qin , Sankaran Sindhuja 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Plant breeding has significantly improved in recent years; however, phenotyping remains a bottleneck, as the process of evaluating and measuring plant traits is often expensive, subjective, and laborious. Although commercial phenotyping systems are available, factors like cost, space, and need for specific controlled-environment conditions limit the affordability of these products. An accurate, user-friendly, adaptive, and high-throughput phenotyping (HTP) system is highly desirable to plant breeders, physiologists, and agronomists. To solve this problem, an automated HTP system and image processing algorithms were developed and tested in this study. The automated platform was an integration of an aluminum framework (including movement and control components), three cameras, and a laptop computer. A control program was developed using LabVIEW to manage operation of the system frame and sensors as a single-unit automated HTP system. Image processing algorithms were developed in MATLAB for high-throughput analysis of images acquired by the system to estimate phenotypes and traits associated with tested plants. The phenotypes extracted were color/spectral, texture, temperature, morphology, and greenness features on a temporal scale. Using two wheat lines with known heat tolerance, the functions of the HTP system were validated. Heat stress tolerance experiments revealed that features such as green leaf area and green normalized difference vegetation index derived from our system showed differences between the control and heat stress treatments, as well as between heat-tolerant and susceptible wheat lines. In another experiment, stripe rust resistance in wheat was assessed. With the HTP system, some potential for detecting qualitative traits, such as disease resistance, was observed, although further validation is needed. In summary, successful development and implementation of an automated system with custom image processing algorithms for HTP in wheat was achieved. Improvement of such systems would further help plant breeders, physiologists, and agronomists to phenotype crops in an efficient, objective, and high-throughput manner. Keywords: Automation, Heat stress, Image processing, Plant breeding, Sensing, Stripe rust.
Effect of Microwave Radiation on Internal Inoculum of Ascochyta Blight in Lentil Seeds at Different Seed Moisture Contents
Authors: Taheri Saeedeh , Taheri Saeedeh , Brodie Graham Ian , Gupta Dorin , Dadu Rama Harinath Reddy , Brodie Graham Ian , Gupta Dorin , Dadu Rama Harinath Reddy 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Considering the development of pest and pathogen resistance to chemical treatments and the cost of developing new chemicals, proper physical methods for integrated pest management seem to be gaining interest. Microwave treatment has been considered a potential postharvest pest and disease management strategy in legume and grain seeds. The effect of this process on pathogens related to legumes, which could be expressed as a very fast and volumetric thermal treatment, has not been fully studied. In this study, a domestic microwave oven with full output power of 1100 W (company information) or 485 W (calibrated with 150 g of water) was used to treat red lentil seeds that were naturally infected with the Ascochyta blight (AB) pathogen, a problematic seedborne fungi of lentil. Microwave radiation was applied at three moisture contents of red lentil seeds (9.1%, 16%, and 19% wet basis) and two power levels (50% and 100%). Three exposure times for each moisture content and power level were selected to achieve the same final average temperatures with low and high moisture contents (approx. 65°C to 85°C). The complementary error function was used to model and compare the pathogen and seed death rates based on the normally distributed susceptibility of the AB pathogen and seed germination to microwave heating. At 9% moisture content with water activity of 0.4, the percentage of infected seeds decreased from 17% to 9% without significant loss of seed viability when a power level of 100% (9.7 W g-1) and exposure time of 51 s were applied, and the final average surface temperature reached 84°C. However, seed vigor, measured by the electrical conductivity of the seed leachate, decreased at this power level and exposure time. Despite the feasibility of fungi elimination at higher moisture content at the same final average temperatures, eliminating fungi from the seeds without harming their viability and vigor was challenging. Keywords: Ascochyta blight, Lentils, Microwave energy, Pathology.
Laboratory Experiments on the Removal of Soil Plugs During Soil Piping and Internal Erosion
Authors: Wanger Mikayla , Wanger Mikayla , Fox Garey A. , Wilson Glenn V. , Nieber John , Fox Garey A. , Wilson Glenn V. , Nieber John 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Plugging of soil pipes can be detrimental to hillslope stability. A soil pipe commonly becomes plugged through internal erosion when the pipe wall collapses. When a pipe becomes plugged, a pressure buildup occurs upslope from the plug. This pressure may be enough to remove the plug, or the pressure may continue to build in the soil matrix, which may lead to hillslope failures. Based on field observations, it is known that both processes occur, but limited data exist to understand if and when plug removal or pressure buildup occurs or how to model these processes. This study involved well-controlled laboratory experiments to determine instantaneous pressure buildup behind soil plugs and conditions for which an idealized plug in a soil pipe will be removed. Laboratory experiments were conducted with a smooth or roughened 100 cm long clear polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe. A pipe plug (3 or 6 cm) was established 90 cm along the pipe length. Triplicate experiments were conducted with two pipe diameters, two soil types (sand and sandy loam), two plug lengths, three pipe roughness values, various packing densities, and with both dynamic and constant pressure heads. Digital pressure gauges were installed to monitor pressures in the pipe both before and after the plug. The upslope pressure and the length of time that the plug withstood the pressure before removal were recorded. Regardless of pressurized time, all plugs were initially mobilized as intact plugs and then in many cases quickly disaggregated. Some sandy loam plugs withstood pressures of 100 cm; more cohesive plugs could withstand much higher pressures. In addition, pressurized times exceeded 1000 s for some plug conditions even with short (3 to 6 cm) plugs. Therefore, hillslopes upslope of a plugged soil pipe may experience considerable pressure buildup for extended periods of time. Plug physical characteristics are important; for example, the plug’s bulk density had a positive exponential relationship with the pressurized time. Soil water dynamics inside the plug will need to be considered, as well as the hydraulic boundary providing inflow to the soil pipe. These experiments provided insight into the dynamics of plugged soil pipes with the eventual goal of assisting in being able to better predict internal erosion and hillslope failure. Future experiments are needed across a wider range of soil types. Keywords: Hillslope, Internal erosion, Macropore, Pipe clogging, Pipeflow, Pressure buildup, Sediment transport, Soil plug.
Pretreatment and Freezing Rate Effect on Physical, Microstructural, and Nutritional Properties of Fried Sweet Potato
Authors: Rady Ahmed , Rady Ahmed , Giaretta Andrew , Akinbode Adedeji , Ruwaya Mathew , Dev Satya , Giaretta Andrew , Akinbode Adedeji , Ruwaya Mathew , Dev Satya 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Sweet potato is a unique high-calorie food because it is an excellent source of some essential micronutrients, such as provitamin A (ß-carotene). The quality of par-fried frozen sweet potato products is impacted by several factors that have not been well researched, such as freezing rate and surface modification. In this study, our objective was to evaluate the effect of freezing rate (at -20°C, -30°C, -40°C, and -60°C), surface pretreatment including blanching and gum coating (methylcellulose, sodium alginate, or mixed gums), sample dimensions (strips or slices), and cultivar (Covington and Murasaki) on several quality attributes of fried sweet potato. Based on our study, frying at 180°C yielded the lowest oil content among the tested temperatures. Compared with Covington samples, Murasaki strips coated with mixed gums produced fried samples that were significantly (p = 0.05) lower in fat uptake (10.84%), less porous (35.5%), crispier (maximum force = 6.90 N), lighter, less red, and yellower. Higher freezing rate, 5.12°C min-1 (at -60°C), showed significantly lower fat content, and lower lightness or yellowness than lower freezing rates. Frying at 180°C significantly reduced vitamin C and ß-carotene levels from 3.75 mg and 349.27 µg per 100 g to 1.92 mg and 105.99 µg per 100 g, respectively. X-ray micro-computed tomography showed a significant decrease in porosity because of high freezing rates. The general conclusion is that faster freezing rate is better for par-fried sweet potato quality preservation. Keywords: ß-carotene, Fat uptake, Gum coating, Par-frying, Sweet potato, X-ray micro-computed tomography, Vitamin C.
Egodokumentai Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės politinės kultūros tyrimuose: Jano Cedrowskio dienoraščio atvejis
Authors: Petrauskė Kristina 
Published: January 2019

[straipsnis ir santrauka lietuvių kalba; santrauka anglų kalba]
Egodokumentiniai tyrimai nuolat populiarėja ir vis plačiau taikomi is­toriografijoje. Nors už egodokumentų sąvokos slypintys šaltinių tipai – dienoraščiai, atsiminimai, autobiografijos ir daugelis kitų smulkesnių žanrų – jau seniai naudojami istoriografijoje, tačiau daugybę metų pir­minė jų funkcija buvo pildyti ir plėsti faktologinę žinių bazę, kadangi į galimą subjektyvumą, neretai ir į fikcinius elementus šiuose šaltiniuose buvo žiūrima itin atsargiai. Naudojant egodokumentinį tyrimo metodą subjektyvūs ir fikciniai elementai šaltiniuose gali daugiausia papasako­ti apie autoriaus pasaulėjautą. Pasitelkus LDK bajoro Jano Cedrowskio atsiminimus, galima pabandyti praktiškai patikrinti, ar LDK bajorų ego­dokumentai gali liudyti politinę jų kultūrą. Šie atsiminimai itin trum­pi, tačiau labai vaizdingi. Juose atsispindi ne tik asmeninio jo gyvenimo momentai: jaunystės kelionės, su šeimos pagausėjimu susijęs džiaugsmas ar netekties sąlygotas skausmas, bet ir viešo jo gyvenimo detalės, kurios atspindi politines rašiusiojo pažiūras ir iš tam tikrų veiksmų išryškėjusią politinę kultūrą.
Autocenzūros galia: Merkinės seniūno Antano Kazimiero Sapiegos 1722–1733 m. užrašai
Authors: Sarcevičienė Jolita 
Published: January 2019

[straipsnis ir santrauka lietuvių kalba; santrauka anglų kalba]
Straipsnio centre – 1722–1733 m. Merkinės seniūno Antano Kazimie­ro Sapiegos kasdienės veiklos dienoraštis, kuriame fiksuojami susitikimai, korespondencija, valdų administravimo klausimai, autoriaus sveikatos būklė, kelionių maršrutai, LDK tribunole nagrinėtos bylos, kiti įvairūs veiklos faktai. Jame nerasime refleksinio pobūdžio minčių, aiškiai jaučia­ma emocinė autoriaus distancija nuo aprašomų įvykių. A. K. Sapiegos gyvenimo ritmą lėmė ne tik ūkiniai reikalai, bet ir valstybės institucijų – Tribunolo, seimelių, Seimo – darbo sesijos. Susipažinus su dienoraštyje užfiksuotos informacijos temomis, keliama prielaida apie autocenzūrą, turėjusią įtaką fiksuojamos informacijos pasirinkimui. Todėl straipsnio tikslas – pristatyti šaltinio įrašų temas, aptarti informacinį bei parene­tinį jų pobūdį ir taip išryškinti kai kuriuos aspektus, kurie galėtų paliu­dyti, kad autorius atsirinkdavo dienoraštyje pateikiamą informaciją, ir atskleisti autocenzūros įtaką rašant dienoraštį. Autorius sąmoningai at­skyrė ne tik žemvaldžio gyvenimą nuo politiko gyvenimo, bet ir viešojo bei privataus asmens gyvenimus. Orientuodamasis į būsimus skaitytojus, A. K. Sapiega cenzūravo užrašus, susikoncentravo į tuos įvykius, kurie turėjo ar galėjo suformuoti teigiamą jo įvaizdį paveldėtojų akyse. Nors šaltinis ir atskleidžia įvairialypius Merkinės seniūno kasdienio gyvenimo epizodus, jame brėžiami migloti autoriaus asmenybės kontūrai.
Rašytojos Žemaitės (meninė) gyvenimo rekonstrukcija remiantis archyvalijomis
Authors: Ruseckaitė Aldona 
Published: January 2019

[straipsnis ir santrauka lietuvių kalba; santrauka anglų kalba]
Julijos Žymantienės-Žemaitės (1845–1921) privačiosios raštijos ir egodoku­mentų išliko gana daug. Paminėtina autobiografija, apimanti laikotarpį iki kūrybinio kelio pradžios 1892 metais, kurioje atsiskleidžia bajoriška tėvų kilmė, pirmi rašytojos mokslai, šeimyninio gyvenimo sunkumai, troš­kimas šviestis. Vėliau Žemaitės gyvenimą padeda atkurti autobiografi­niai pasakojimai „Pasiklausymai“, „Iš mano atsiminimų“, „Iš baudžiavos laikų“, „Pirmieji mano žingsniai“, „Kalėjime“, taip pat rašinys „Povilas Višinskis“ (1916 m.), kuriame prisimenami pirmieji kūrybiniai žingsniai. Kaip atskirą egodokumentų grupę galima išskirti Žemaitės laiškus spaudos darbuotojui, literatūros kritikui Povilui Višinskiui (1875–1906, išliko dau­giau nei 70 laiškų), taip pat artimam bičiuliui Konstantinui Petrauskui (1878–1947, išliko daugiau kaip 60 laiškų). Laiškuose P. Višinskiui ryškėja kūrybos vingiai, abejonės, asmenybės formavimasis, laukiama kūrybos mėginimų kritikos ar pritarimo tam. O štai svarbiausia laiškų K. Petraus­kui tema yra meilė, atskleidžianti šio vėlyvo rašytojos jausmo gyvybingu­mą, suteikianti asmenybei ypatingų spalvų ir bruožų. Be to, laiškai plačiai atveria 1911–1915 metų politinio ir kultūrinio Vilniaus gyvenimo foną.
Krekenavos fotografo Tado Bajorūno darbo užrašai
Authors: Pikelytė Zita 
Published: January 2019

[straipsnis ir santrauka lietuvių kalba; santrauka anglų kalba]
Straipsnyje nagrinėjami Panevėžio apskrities Krekenavos miestelyje 1920–1945 metais gyvenusio ir dirbusio fotografo Tado Bajorūno už­rašai – paprasta užrašų knygelė, kurioje surašytos jo 1934–1941 metais gautos pajamos. Atlikę atvejo studiją – išanalizavę šiuos užrašus, galime sužinoti, ar tuo laikotarpiu fotografija mažame miestelyje buvo pelnin­gas verslas ir kokia veikla, neskaitant fotografijos, fotografas dar užsiėmė, kiek daugiausia pajamų gavo ir už kokią veiklą. Apibendrinę rezultatus ir pasitelkę duomenis, atspindinčius kitų Lietuvos regionuose aptaria­muoju laikotarpiu dirbusių fotografų veiklą, galėsime susidaryti bendrą jų ekonominės situacijos vaizdą.
Trumpieji Juozo Miltinio fondo rankraščių įrašai
Authors: Mikelinskaitė Angelė 
Published: January 2019

[straipsnis ir santrauka lietuvių kalba; santrauka anglų kalba]
Straipsnyje pristatomi ir apžvelgiami režisieriaus Juozo Miltinio (1907– 1994) rankraštinio fondo trumpieji įrašai. Remiantis mažųjų literatūros formų klasifikavimo sistema, šie trumpieji įrašai sisteminami ir klasifi­kuojami pagal juose fiksuojamos informacijos paskirtį (tematiką) ir tu­rinį. Analizuojant trumpuosius režisieriaus fondo įrašus, atskleidžiamas asmenybės savitumas, istorinis laikotarpis, socialinis ir kultūrinis kon­tekstas, kuriame jie ir buvo užfiksuoti bei funkcionavo.
Šiaulių apskrities Povilo Višinskio viešosios bibliotekos darbuotojų egodokumentai: atsiminimai iš tremties, dienoraščiai
Authors: Baškienė Audronė 
Published: January 2019

[straipsnis ir santrauka lietuvių kalba; santrauka anglų kalba]
Straipsnyje nagrinėjami bibliotekos rankraščių fonde saugomi darbuotojų, gimusių tremtyje ar išgyvenusių tremtį, atsiminimai bei dienoraščiai. Bibliotekininkė Nijolia Kasparavičienė buvusių politinių kalinių ir tremtinių, dirbančių bibliotekoje, atsiminimus sudėjo į kraštotyros darbą „Ilgi tremties metai“ (1991). Užrašyti dešimties darbuotojų atsiminimai, kurie papildyti nuotraukomis ir dokumentais. 1991 m. ir 1992 m. tremtiniai organizavo ekspedicijas į Kazachstaną ir Sibirą. Taip atsirado du dienoraščiai „Antroji ekspedicija į Karlagą“ (1991 rugpjūčio 9–19 d.) ir „Po Sibiro platybes“ (1992 rugpjūčio 4–22 d.). Įspūdžius dienoraščio forma užrašė bibliotekininkė, tremtinių dukra Nijolia Kasparavičienė. Pagrindinė mintis atsiminimuose – asmeninis likimas siejamas su Lietuvos likimu. Dienoraščiuose fiksuojamos aplankytos vietos, minimi sutikti žmonės, perteikiamas jų požiūris į praeitį, nuomonė apie nepriklausomos Lietuvos ateitį. Dienoraščių autorė nesinaudojo jokia literatūra, istorine medžiaga. Tai padieniui užfiksuoti faktai ir asmeniniai išgyvenimai.
THE IMPACT OF MINIMUM WAGE ON THE LABOUR MARKET OF LITHUANIA
Authors: Karpuškienė Vita 
Published: January 2019

Recently, Lithuanian trade unions have announced the requirement for the government to raise the minimum wage by more than 10 percent, e.g. from 800 to 900 Lt. The aim of the study was to investigate the possible consequences of the implementation of such a requirement. Minimum wage (MW) macroeconomics in theoretical aspects and the practical evidence of it consequences in the EU countries are analyzed in the first part of the article. The second part provides an assessment of the impact of the 100 Lt raise in MW on the Lithuanian labor market. This assessment is carried out using econometric techniques.
TRANSFORMATIONAL RESEARCH OF THE FRAUD TRIANGLE
Authors: Mackevičius Jonas , Giriūnas Lukas 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Fraud is one of the most negative factors of society. Because of frauds, some companies experience many financial and even business continuity problems. The article analyses the theory of the fraud triangle and its transformation into a square. Their various elements – motives, possibilities, pressure, rationalisation, incentive and others – suggested by different authors are presented. The article provides a theoretical analysis of fraud scales and their elements: motives, conditions, possibilities, and performance.Key words: fraud triangle, motives for fraud, fraud scales
RELATIVE CAPITALIST SYSTEMS AND FAIRNESS IN THE BALTICS: THE CASE OF LITHUANIA
Authors: Huettinger Maik , Zirgulis Aras 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. This paper deals with the concept of fairness as it is applied to economic decision making in different cultures. The objective of the research is to determine whether the concept of fairness can be applied universally throughout all cultures by doing a study in Lithuania and comparing it to similar studies done in other countries. Lithuania was chosen because it belongs to the group of the Baltic advanced transition countries with their own unique form of capitalism. We find that Lithuanians are more apt to consider price or wage changes as fair as long as there is an underlying macroeconomic reasoning for the price change. These effects were found to hold true in spite of the framing effects of loss aversion found in previous studies.Key words: behavioral economics, fairness, capitalism, Baltics, Lithuania
MODELLING THE FOOD SECURITY IN UKRAINE
Authors: Stavytskyy A.V. , Prokopenko O.O. 
Published: January 2019

In the present paper, regional food security in Ukraine is investigated. Food security level is estimated using the developed integral indicator based on food availability and accessibility. The relationship between this indicator and some macroeconomic parameters is estimated with the help of the panel regression methods that allow to evaluate some specific features for each region and to summarize some general development trends.
Co-Movements of Lithuanian and Central European Stock Markets Across Different Time Horizons: a Wavelet Approach
Authors: Kregždė Arvydas , Kišonaitė Karolina 
Published: January 2019

[full article and abstract in English]
This paper investigates equity market risk and co-movements between the Lithuanian stock market and the Central European stock markets. We cover the equity market returns both in time and frequency domains. We focus our studies on the changes of the market risk and co-movements of the Lithuanian and the Central European markets returns during the period of 2000–2018. The wavelet analysis was applied to segregate the returns across different time horizons (frequencies). Our findings corroborate the findings from other authors, namely that crisis periods have a great impact on the interrelations of the Central European and Lithuanian markets. We discover that volatility is concentrated in the medium and long periods (medium and low frequencies) from 1 to 3,5 years for all the markets under consideration. The absolute maximum of volatility is achieved at the period of the frequencies corresponding to the period of 3 years. We found that the co-movements with Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary are slightly lower after the announcement of the introduction of the euro in Lithuania by the European Commission. From the investment diversification point of view, the investment horizon plays a crucial role for the level of co-movements. Our conclusion is that for Lithuanian investors, diversification with Central European markets is not useful for long horizons, because of the high co-movements. The benefit of the diversification can be achieved for the investors with time horizons less than 1 year.