bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Addressing multiple modifiable risks through structured community-based Learning Clubs to improve maternal and infant health and infant development in rural Vietnam: protocol for a parallel group cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Fisher Jane , Tran Tuan , Luchters Stanley , Tran Thach D , Hipgrave David B , Hanieh Sarah , Tran Ha , Simpson Julie , Nguyen Trang , Le Minh , Biggs Beverley-Ann 
Published: July 2018

IntroductionOptimal early childhood development is an international priority. Risks during pregnancy and early childhood have lasting effects because growth is rapid. We will test whether a complex intervention addressing multiple modifiable risks: maternal nutrition, mental health, parenting capabilities, infant health and development and gender-based violence, is effective in reducing deficient cognitive development among children aged two in rural Vietnam.Methods and analysisThe Learning Clubs intervention is a structured programme combining perinatal stage-specific information, learning activities and social support. It comprises 20 modules, in 19 accessible, facilitated groups for women at a community centre and one home visit. Evidence-informed content is from interventions to address each risk tested in randomised controlled trials in other resource-constrained settings. Content has been translated and culturally adapted for Vietnam and acceptability and feasibility established in pilot testing.We will conduct a two-arm parallel-group cluster-randomised controlled trial, with the commune as clustering unit. An independent statistician will select 84/112 communes in Ha Nam Province and randomly assign 42 to the control arm providing usual care and 42 to the intervention arm. In total, 1008 pregnant women (12 per commune) from 84 clusters are needed to detect a difference in the primary outcome (Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development Cognitive Score <1 SD below standardised norm for 2 years of age) of 15% in the control and 8% in the intervention arms, with 80% power, significance 0.05 and intracluster correlation coefficient 0.03.Ethics and disseminationMonash University Human Research Ethics Committee (Certificate Number 20160683), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia and the Institutional Review Board of the Hanoi School of Public Health (Certificate Number 017-377IDD- YTCC), Hanoi, Vietnam have approved the trial. Results will be disseminated through a comprehensive multistranded dissemination strategy including peer-reviewed publications, national and international conference presentations, seminars and technical and lay language reports.Trial registration numberACTRN12617000442303; Pre-results.
Women undergoing assisted fertilisation and high-intensity interval training: a pilot randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kiel Ida Almenning , Lundgren Kari Magrethe , Mørkved Siv , Kjøtrød Sigrun Beate , Salvesen Øyvind , Romundstad Liv Bente , Moholdt Trine 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesOverweight and obese women often seek assisted fertilisation. In the obese population, pregnancy rates are 30%–75% below that of normal weight women who undergo assisted fertilisation. We hypothesised that high-intensity interval training (HIT) would improve fertility by improving insulin sensitivity and thus affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis and ovarian androgen production. Our aim was to assess whether HIT prior to assisted fertilisation would increase pregnancy rate.MethodsEighteen overweight and obese women (body mass index>25.0 kg/m2) were randomised to HIT (n=8) or usual care (control, n=10) before assisted fertilisation. HIT was undertaken three times weekly for 10 weeks; two sessions of 4×4 min HIT and one session of 10×1 min HIT. Primary outcome was ongoing pregnancy. Secondary outcomes included insulin sensitivity, reproductive hormones, oxygen uptake and body composition.ResultsFour women got pregnant in both the HIT group (50%) and in the control group (44%), no between-group difference (p=0.6). Insulin sensitivity (glucose infusion rate) improved significantly after HIT, from 264.1 mg/m2/min (95% CI 193.9 to 334.4) at baseline to 324.7 mg/m2/min (95% CI 247.2 to 402.2) after 10 weeks (between-group difference, p=0.04). Fasting glucose, visceral fat, waist circumference and VO2peak were significantly improved in the group that undertook HIT.ConclusionsHIT significantly improved insulin sensitivity, VO2peak and abdominal fat. Low statistical power makes it difficult to conclude on whether HIT prior to assisted fertilisation could increase pregnancy rate. Larger trials are needed to determine if improvements in insulin sensitivity are clinically relevant for assisted fertilisation success rates in this population.
Sleep quality with WHO Step III opioid use for cancer pain
Authors: Jakobsen Gunnhild , Engstrøm Morten , Fayers Peter , Hjermstad Marianne J , Kaasa Stein , Kloke Marianne , Sabatowski Rainer , Klepstad Pal 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveSleep is often disturbed in patients with advanced cancer. There is limited knowledge about sleep in patients with cancer treated with strong opioids. This study examines sleep quality in patients with advanced cancer who are treated with a WHO Step III opioid for pain.MethodsAn international, multicentre, cross-sectional study with 604 adult patients with cancer pain using WHO Step III opioids. Sleep quality was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) global score (range; 0–21; score >5 indicates poor sleep). PSQI includes sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, use of sleep medications and daytime dysfunction. Pain and quality of life were assessed by Brief Pain Inventory and European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core30.ResultsThe median age was 62 years, 42% were female, mean Karnofsky performance score (KPS) was 62.5 (±14.2) and mean oral daily morphine equivalent dose was 303 mg/24 hours (±543.8 mg). The mean PSQI global score was 8.8 (±4.2) (range 0–20). Seventy-eight per cent were poor sleepers. All PSQI components were affected, and 44% reported trouble sleeping caused by pain. In the multiple regression model, predictors of PSQI global scores were pain intensity, emotional function, constipation, financial difficulties and KPS (adjusted R2=0.21).ConclusionThe majority (78%) of these patients with cancer treated with Step III opioids experienced poor sleep quality. Pain intensity, emotional function, constipation, financial difficulties and KPS predicted poor PSQI global scores. The clinical implication is that healthcare personnel should routinely assess and treat sleep disturbance in patients with advanced cancer disease.
Experimental and computational (DFT) studies on induced orthogonal smectic A∗ phase in hydrogen-bonded ferroelectric liquid crystals
Authors: Subhasri P. , Jayaprakasam R. , Vijayakumar V. N. 
Published: July 2018

Hydrogen-bonded ferroelectric liquid crystals (HBFLC) are designed and synthesized from nonmesogenic chiral proton donor compound of (R)-([Formula: see text])-Methylsuccinic acid (MSA) and mesogenic proton acceptor compound of 4-undecyloxybenzoic acid (11OBA) in a different mole ratio. Intermolecular hydrogen bonds (H-bond) between the nonmesogenic and mesogenic compounds have been confirmed through experimental Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and density functional theory (DFT) computational studies. The steric hindrance and inductive effects of the present complex and its influence on the structure are discussed. A rich phase polymorphism in the liquid crystalline complex has been studied using polarizing optical microscope (POM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The chiral phases observed in the present complex are due to the presence of lone pair (n) to anti-bonding ([Formula: see text]) transition symmetry which is validated by DFT studies. A noteworthy observation of induced smectic A[Formula: see text](Sm A[Formula: see text]) by quenching of traditional phase (nematic) has been identified and the reason for the same has been discussed by DFT studies. The unusual phase order of Sm A[Formula: see text], smectic C[Formula: see text](Sm C[Formula: see text]) and smectic G[Formula: see text][Formula: see text](Sm G[Formula: see text]) mesogenic phases are observed. The other liquid crystalline parameters are evaluated by experimental and theoretical calculations and the same has been compared. Increased tilt angle in liquid crystal (LC) molecules has been theoretically analyzed by natural bond orbital (NBO) studies. Stability of the HBFLC phases and its origination mechanism have been discussed with the help of highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO–LUMO) energies.
Photoluminescent properties of nanocrystalline Sm3+-doped CaO–CeO2system synthesized by an auto-igniting combustion synthesis technique
Authors: Aswathy S. V. , Venugopal Meenu , Kumar H. Padma 
Published: July 2018

This study investigates the optical properties of samarium-doped microstructured and nanostructured CaO–CeO2mixed solutions. Conventional solid state method and auto-igniting combustion synthesis were used for the preparation of the samples. The as-prepared samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, UV-Visible spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. A mixed phase formation with phases of CaO, CeO2and Ca(OH)2was observed form X-ray diffraction studies. The transmission electron microscopic studies have shown that the average particle size of the as-prepared powder was in the range of 30–40 nm. A blueshift is observed in the bandgap of the nanocrystalline samples. Strong orange–red emission was observed for Sm[Formula: see text]-doped samples and the chromaticity values were calculated using CIE chromaticity diagram.
The National Cancer Institute Cohort Consortium: An International Pooling Collaboration of 58 Cohorts from 20 Countries
Authors: Swerdlow Anthony J. , Harvey Chinonye E. , Milne Roger L. , Pottinger Camille A. , Vachon Celine M. , Wilkens Lynne R. , Gapstur Susan M. , Johansson Mattias , Weiderpass Elisabete , Winn Deborah M. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Cohort studies have been central to the establishment of the known causes of cancer. To dissect cancer etiology in more detail—for instance, for personalized risk prediction and prevention, assessment of risks of subtypes of cancer, and assessment of small elevations in risk—there is a need for analyses of far larger cohort datasets than available in individual existing studies. To address these challenges, the NCI Cohort Consortium was founded in 2001. It brings together 58 cancer epidemiology cohorts from 20 countries to undertake large-scale pooling research. The cohorts in aggregate include over nine million study participants, with biospecimens available for about two million of these. Research in the Consortium is undertaken by &gt;40 working groups focused on specific cancer sites, exposures, or other research areas. More than 180 publications have resulted from the Consortium, mainly on genetic and other cancer epidemiology, with high citation rates. This article describes the foundation of the Consortium; its structure, governance, and methods of working; the participating cohorts; publications; and opportunities. The Consortium welcomes new members with cancer-oriented cohorts of 10,000 or more participants and an interest in collaborative research. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(11); 1307–19. ©2018 AACR.
Protein Kinase D2 Modulates Cell Cycle By Stabilizing Aurora A Kinase at Centrosomes
Authors: Roy Adhiraj , Veroli Maria Victoria , Prasad Sahdeo , Wang Qiming Jane 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Aurora A kinase (AURKA) is a master cell-cycle regulator that is often dysregulated in human cancers. Its overexpression has been associated with genome instability and oncogenic transformation. The protein kinase D (PKD) family is an emerging therapeutic target of cancer. Aberrant PKD activation has been implicated in tumor growth and survival, yet the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. This study identified, for the first time, a functional crosstalk between PKD2 and Aurora A kinase in cancer cells. The data demonstrate that PKD2 is catalytically active during the G2–M phases of the cell cycle, and inactivation or depletion of PKD2 causes delay in mitotic entry due to downregulation of Aurora A, an effect that can be rescued by overexpression of Aurora A. Moreover, PKD2 localizes in the centrosome with Aurora A by binding to γ-tubulin. Knockdown of PKD2 caused defects in centrosome separation, elongated G2 phase, mitotic catastrophe, and eventually cell death via apoptosis. Mechanistically, PKD2 interferes with Fbxw7 function to protect Aurora A from ubiquitin- and proteasome-dependent degradation. Taken together, these results identify PKD as a cell-cycle checkpoint kinase that positively modulates G2–M transition through Aurora A kinase in mammalian cells.
Implications: PKD2 is a novel cell-cycle regulator that promotes G2–M transition by modulating Aurora A kinase stability in cancer cells and suggests the PKD2/Aurora A kinase regulatory axis as new therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. Mol Cancer Res; 16(11); 1785–97. ©2018 AACR.
ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ІНВАЛІДНОСТІ ДИТЯЧОГО НАСЕЛЕННЯ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Slabkiy G. O. , Dzyuba O. M. , Dzyuba O. M. , Dudina O. A. , Dudina O. A. , Gaborets Yu. Yu. , Gaborets Yu. Yu. 
Published: July 2018

Мета: вивчити та проаналізувати показники інвалідності дитячого населення в Україні.Матеріали і методи. Матеріалами дослідження слугували дані державної статистичної звітності за період 2013–2017 рр. У ході дослідження використано статистичний метод дослідження.Результати. При зниженні загального показника інвалідності дітей підвищується показник поширеності інвалідності, яка зумовлена ендокринними хворобами, розладами харчування та порушеннями обміну речовин; хворобами шкіри та підшкірної клітковини; розладами психіки та поведінки; хворобами системи кровообігу. У структурі інвалідності у дітей лідирують природжені вади розвитку, деформації та хромосомні аномалії, хвороби нервової системи, розлади психіки і поведінки.Висновки. Високі показники загальної та первинної інвалідності дітей потребують прийняття державної програми їх реабілітації.
МЕДИЧНА ЕКСПЕРТИЗА ЯК ОСНОВА СОЦІАЛЬНОГО ЗАХИСТУ ГРОМАДЯН, ЯКІ ПОСТРАЖДАЛИ ВНАСЛІДОК ЧОРНОБИЛЬСЬКОЇ КАТАСТРОФИ
Authors: Tatarenko O. M. , Kolosinska O. O. , Sushko V. O. , Nezgovova G. A. 
Published: July 2018

Мета: провести аналіз показників інвалідності постраждалих внаслідок аварії на ЧАЕС.Матеріали і методи. У дослідженні використовували дані, надані ДЗ «Центр медичної статистики МОЗ України» та експертних комісій із встановлення зв’язку захворювань з наслідками аварії на ЧАЕС.Результати. Загальна кількість постраждалих внаслідок аварії на ЧАЕС за останнє десятиріччя зменшилась на 26 %. Водночас зростають показники інвалідності серед постраждалого населення. Дві групи захворювань залишаються основними причинами інвалідності постраждалих внаслідок аварії на ЧАЕС – новоутворення та хвороби системи кровообігу. Завдяки діяльності експертних комісій більше 380 тис. постраждалих внаслідок Чорнобильської катастрофи змогли отримати матеріальну підтримку.Висновки. Показники здоров’я постраждалого внаслідок аварії на ЧАЕС населення продовжують погіршуватися, що свідчить про необхідність впровадження в практику нових методів діагностики, лікування та реабілітації вказаної популяції, а також оновлення існуючої системи медико-соціальної експертизи.
Qualitative Evaluation of a Complex Intervention to Improve Rheumatic Heart Disease Secondary Prophylaxis
Authors: Read Clancy , Mitchell Alison G. , de Dassel Jessica L. , Scrine Clair , Hendrickx David , Bailie Ross S. , Johnston Vanessa , Maguire Graeme P. , Schultz Rosalie , Carapetis Jonathan R. , Ralph Anna P. 
Published: July 2018

Background

Rheumatic heart disease is a high‐burden condition in Australian Aboriginal communities. We evaluated a stepped‐wedge, community, randomized trial at 10 Aboriginal communities from 2013 to 2015. A multifaceted intervention was implemented using quality improvement and chronic care model approaches to improve delivery of penicillin prophylaxis for rheumatic heart disease. The trial did not improve penicillin adherence. This mixed‐methods evaluation, designed a priori
,
aimed to determine the association between methodological approaches and outcomes.

Methods and Results
An evaluation framework was developed to measure the success of project implementation and of the underlying program theory. The program theory posited that penicillin delivery would be improved through activities implemented at clinics that addressed elements of the chronic care model. Qualitative data were derived from interviews with health‐center staff, informants, and clients; participant observation; and project officer reports. Quantitative data comprised numbers and types of “action items,” which were developed by participating clinic staff with project officers to improve delivery of penicillin injections. Interview data from 121 health‐center staff, 22 informants, and 72 clients revealed barriers to achieving the trial's aims, including project‐level factors (short trial duration), implementation factors (types of activities implemented), and contextual factors (high staff turnover and the complex sociocultural environment). Insufficient actions were implemented addressing “self‐management support” and “community linkage” streams of the chronic care model. Increased momentum was evident in later stages of the study.

Conclusions
The program theory underpinning the study was sound. The limited impact made by the study on adherence was attributable to complex implementation challenges.
Tracking Drought Perspectives: A Rural Case Study of Transformations Following an Invisible Hazard
Authors: Jedd Theresa , Bathke Deborah , Gill Duane , Paul Bimal , Wall Nicole , Bernadt Tonya , Petr Jacob , Mucia Anthony , Wall Milan 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Rural towns are especially susceptible to the effects of drought because their economies are dependent on natural resources. However, they are also resilient in many ways to natural hazards because they are rich in civic engagement and social capital. Because of the diverse nature of drought’s impacts, understanding its complex dynamics and its effects requires a multidisciplinary approach. To study these dynamics, this research combines appreciative inquiry, the Community Capitals Framework, and a range of climatological monitoring data to assess the 2012–14 Great Plains drought’s effect on McCook, Nebraska. Community coping measures, such as water-use reduction and public health programs, were designed to address the immediate effects of heat and scant rainfall during the initial summer and the subsequent years. Residents generally reported the community was better prepared than in previous droughts, including the persistent multiyear early-2000s drought. However, the results highlight wide variation in community perspectives about the drought’s severity and impacts, as well as divergent experiences and coping responses. Despite these factors, we find evidence of the transformative potential of moving from drought coping to drought mitigation. We attribute the city’s resilience to the ability to draw upon prior experience with droughts, having a formal municipal plan, and strong human and social capital to coordinate individual knowledge and expertise across agencies. We suggest that droughts have served a catalytic function, prompting the community to transform land-use practices, water conservation planning, and built infrastructure in lasting ways.
Maternal knowledge, attitude and practices during childhood diarrhoea
Authors: Dhingra Dhulika , Dabas Aashima , Anand Tanu , Pinnamaneni Ramya 
Published: July 2018

Diarrhoea and pneumonia account for most deaths in children aged < 5 years. However, most diarrhoeal deaths are preventable with appropriate hygienic measures and timely initiation of rehydration therapy. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 280 mothers with children aged 2–59 months with acute watery diarrhoea at a tertiary hospital. One-fifth of respondents were illiterate and only one-third of mothers pre-treated water to make it drinkable. Mean knowledge scores for hand washing, diarrhoea prevention and complications of diarrhoea were poor, though higher in educated mothers ( P < 0.05). Scores were similar for the first episode or repeat episodes of diarrhoea. Only 50.4% and 55.2% mothers knew the correct method of Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) preparation and administration, respectively. Lack of adequate maternal knowledge and practices concerning childhood diarrhoea highlights the need for patient counselling and education, especially among the illiterate in India.
PD‐L1 Expression and Tumor‐Infiltrating Lymphocytes in High‐Risk and Metastatic Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Amoils Misha , Kim Jinah , Lee Carolyn , Sunwoo John B. , Colevas A. Dimitrios , Aasi Sumaira Z. , Hollmig S. Tyler , Ma Yifei , Divi Vasu 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveTo characterize programmed death–ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression and tumor‐infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) positivity for locally aggressive or regionally metastatic cutaneous head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (cHNSCC).Study DesignRetrospective chart review, followed by immunohistochemical staining of archived tumor specimens.SettingTertiary academic medical center.Subjects and MethodsAfter identification of 101 patients treated surgically for locally advanced or regionally metastatic cHNSCC, archived tissue was stained and graded for PD‐L1 expression in addition to TIL presence. Cross‐tabulation was performed to examine the association between either of these variables and clinicopathologic features and outcomes.ResultsA total of 101 patients met inclusion criteria, but archived tissue was available only for 83 (31 primaries, 52 metastases). The majority of primary tumors demonstrated grade 1 PD‐L1 staining, while grade 2 staining was more likely for metastases. Neither high‐ nor low‐grade PD‐L1 expression correlated with any clinicopathologic variable for primary tumors. However, for metastases, high‐grade staining was significantly associated with regional recurrence (15 of 19, P =. 02). TILs were present for 65% of primary tumors and 90% of regional metastases but did not correlate with any clinicopathologic variables.ConclusionDiffuse expression of PD‐L1 in this study highlights the possibility of using immunotherapy in the form of programmed death 1/PD‐L1 blockade to improve treatment for this devastating disease. However, further studies are needed to clarify the significance of PD‐L1 expression and TIL positivity for locally advanced or regionally metastatic cHNSCC.