bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mining, movements and sustainable development: Concepts for a framework
Authors: Bebbington Anthony , Humphreys Bebbington Denise 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMining disrupts: it ruptures the boundary between the surface and the sub‐surface, it upsets pre‐existing modes of living on the surface, it changes biogeochemical, social and economic flows across surfaces, and it transforms imaginations of the future. Mining not only moves mountains, it also moves people – physically, emotionally, politically and economically. Some people leave, some refuse to get out of the way, some carry on, some stay but build new livelihoods, and others arrive in pursuit of the livelihoods made possible by this particular form of development. Development also disrupts: it modifies modes of living and social organization, it alters relations between humans and nature, it deepens the integration of places into broader flows of finance and ideas, and it shifts ideas about the future. Development is also implicated in the forced, voluntary and induced movement of people. Analytically, mining and development are therefore not dissimilar. This paper works from this similarity to suggest concepts for thinking about the relationships between mining, movement and development. These concepts are drawn from literature in Human Geography, Rural Territorial Development and Development Studies. It then uses these concepts to frame the relationships between mining and sustainable development.
Lifting the veil: Using a quasi‐replication approach to assess sample selection bias in patent‐based studies
Authors: Criscuolo Paola , Alexy Oliver , Sharapov Dmitry , Salter Ammon 
Published: October 2018

Research summaryPatent data is a valued source of information for strategy research. However, patent‐based studies may suffer from sample selection bias given that patents result from within‐firm selection processes and hence do not represent the full population of inventions. We assess how incidental and nonincidental data truncation resulting from firm‐level and inventor‐level selection processes may result in sample selection bias using a quasi‐replication approach, drawing on rich qualitative data and a novel, proprietary dataset of all 40,000 invention disclosures within a large multinational firm. We find that accounting for selection both reaffirms and challenges past work, and discuss the implications of our findings for work on the microfoundations of exploratory innovation activities and for strategy research drawing on patent data.
Managerial summaryMuch of what is known about innovation in general, and in particular about what makes inventors prolific, comes from studies that use patent data. However, many ideas are never patented, meaning that these studies may not in reality talk about ideas or inventions, but only about patents. In this paper, we examine the question of whether patent data can accurately be used to represent inventions by using data on all inventions generated within a large multinational firm to explore how and to what degree the selection processes behind firms' patenting decisions may lead to important differences between the two. We find that accounting for selection changes many previously given managerial implications; for example, we show how junior inventors may often not get the credit they deserve.
Fishing in troubled waters? Strategic decision‐making and value creation and appropriation from partnerships between public organizations
Authors: van den Oever Koen , Martin Xavier 
Published: October 2018

Research SummaryAlthough partnerships have been conceptualized as vehicles for value creation, less is known about which partners appropriate more value out of them, especially among public organizations. We theorize how politics and procedural rationality in decision‐making respectively are associated with value creation and value appropriation from partnerships between public organizations. Analysis of data from the Dutch water authority sector (2008–2014) shows that organizations employing more politics in decision‐making appropriate more value from horizontal partnerships, whereas procedural rationality in decision‐making may enhance combined value creation but limits partner‐level value appropriation. Also as theorized, the collective decision‐making context constrains value appropriation by partners using a discrepant decision‐making approach. We discuss implications for research on public organizations, alliances, and strategic decision‐making.
Managerial SummaryAlthough much is known about how partnerships can create value for firms, we know relatively less about which of the partners can appropriate more value from them. In this paper, we theorize and find that (public) organizations that employ more politics in decision‐making can generally appropriate more value from partnerships. Organizations that are more procedurally rational, which entails the extensive collection and analysis of information to make decisions, are able to create more value for the partnership, but generally appropriate less value from the partnership. Moreover, an organization that has a different decision‐making approach than its partners' end up appropriating less value from the partnership. Thus, when forming partnerships, managers should carefully consider the way their potential partners make decisions.
Exploring the benefits of vertically staggered wind farms: Understanding the power generation mechanisms of turbines operating at different scales
Authors: Chatterjee Tanmoy , Peet Yulia 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWind farms are known to modulate large scale structures in and around the wake regions of the turbines. The potential benefits of placing small hub height, small rotor turbines in between the large turbines in a wind farm to take advantage of such modulated large‐scale eddies are explored using large eddy simulation (LES). The study has been carried out in an infinite wind farm framework invoking an asymptotic limit, and the wind turbines are modeled using an actuator line model. The vertically staggered wind turbine arrangements that are studied in the present work consist of rows of large wind turbines, with rows of smaller wind turbines (ie, smaller rotor size and shorter hub height) placed in between the rows of large turbines. The influence of the hub height of the small turbines, in particular, how it affects the interactions between the large and small turbines and consequently their power, along with the multiscale dynamics involved, has been assessed in the current study. It was found that, in the multiscale layouts, the small turbines at lower hub heights operate more efficiently than their homogeneous single‐scale counterparts. In contrast, the small turbines with higher hub heights incur a loss of power compared with the corresponding single‐scale arrangements.
Long‐Term Outcomes and Lymph Node Metastasis in Patients Receiving Radical Surgery for Pathological T1 Lower Rectal Cancer
Authors: Kitaguchi Daichi , Sasaki Takeshi , Nishizawa Yuji , Tsukada Yuichiro , Ito Masaaki 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundFew reports have evaluated the long‐term outcomes of pathological T1 (pT1) lower rectal cancer (LRC), perhaps because pT1 LRC is classified as TNM stage I if lymph node metastasis (LNM) is absent and stage IIIA if LNM is present. Moreover, it is difficult to diagnose regional LNM preoperatively. This study aimed to clarify the long‐term outcomes of radical surgery for pT1 LRC and risk factor(s) for LNM. Additionally, we examined whether preoperative computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were predictive of LNM in pT1 LRC.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of the clinical characteristics, short‐term operative outcomes, and long‐term survival rates of 155 patients who received radical surgery and were diagnosed with pT1 LRC at our hospital between January 1993 and February 2017.ResultsAmong patients with pT1 LRC, 5‐year recurrence‐free and overall survival rates were 94.0% and 95.8%, respectively. LNM status was not associated with statistically significant differences in recurrence‐free or overall survival. Even in patients with LNM, the recurrence rate was only 9%. Among patients who lacked visible mesorectal lymph nodes on preoperative CT and MRI, LNM rates were 3.5% and 4.3%, respectively.ConclusionThe long‐term outcomes after radical surgery for pT1 LRC are satisfactory or good, regardless of the presence or absence of LNM. In patients with pT1 LRC, the absence of visible mesorectal lymph nodes on preoperative CT and MRI is associated with a reduced likelihood of LNM and has a high negative predictive value for LNM.
“His” and “Hers”: Meeting the Economic Bar to Marriage
Authors: Gibson-Davis Christina , Gassman-Pines Anna , Lehrman Rebecca 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Scholars have suggested that low-income parents avoid marriage because they have not met the so-called economic bar to marriage. The economic bar is multidimensional, referring to a bundle of financial achievements that determine whether couples feel ready to wed. Using the Building Strong Families data set of low-income parents (n = 4,444), we operationalized this qualitative concept into a seven-item index and examined whether couples who met the economic bar by achieving the majority of the items were more likely to marry than couples who did not. Meeting the bar was associated with a two-thirds increase in marriage likelihood. The bar was not positively associated with cohabitation, suggesting that it applies specifically to marriage. When we examined different definitions of the bar based on whether the mother, father, or both parents contributed items, all variants were associated with marriage, even if the bar was based on the mother’s economic accomplishments alone. When mothers contributed to the economic bar, they reported significantly higher relationship quality. Our results reinforce the importance of the multidimensional economic bar for marriage entry, highlighting the role of maternal economic contributions in low-income relationships.
Accurate risk estimation of β‐amyloid positivity to identify prodromal Alzheimer's disease: Cross‐validation study of practical algorithms
Authors: Palmqvist Sebastian , Insel Philip S. , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Brix Britta , Stomrud Erik ,   the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative,   the Swedish BioFINDER study, Mattsson Niklas , Hansson Oskar 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe aim was to create readily available algorithms that estimate the individual risk of β‐amyloid (Aβ) positivity.MethodsThe algorithms were tested in BioFINDER (n = 391, subjective cognitive decline or mild cognitive impairment) and validated in Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (n = 661, subjective cognitive decline or mild cognitive impairment). The examined predictors of Aβ status were demographics; cognitive tests; white matter lesions; apolipoprotein E (APOE); and plasma Aβ42/Aβ40, tau, and neurofilament light.ResultsAβ status was accurately estimated in BioFINDER using age, 10‐word delayed recall or Mini–Mental State Examination, andAPOE(area under the receiver operating characteristics curve = 0.81 [0.77–0.85] to 0.83 [0.79–0.87]). When validated, the models performed almost identical in Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (area under the receiver operating characteristics curve = 0.80–0.82) and within different age, subjective cognitive decline, and mild cognitive impairment populations. Plasma Aβ42/Aβ40improved the models slightly.DiscussionThe algorithms are implemented onhttp://amyloidrisk.comwhere the individual probability of being Aβ positive can be calculated. This is useful in the workup of prodromal Alzheimer's disease and can reduce the number needed to screen in Alzheimer's disease trials.
THE TEMPORAL LOGIC OF TWO DIMENSIONAL MINKOWSKI SPACETIME IS DECIDABLE
Authors: HIRSCH ROBIN , REYNOLDS MARK 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe consider Minkowski spacetime, the set of all point-events of spacetime under the relation of causal accessibility. That is, x can access y if an electromagnetic or (slower than light) mechanical signal could be sent from x to y. We use Prior’s tense language of F and P representing causal accessibility and its converse relation. We consider two versions, one where the accessibility relation is reflexive and one where it is irreflexive. In either case it has been an open problem, for decades, whether the logic is decidable or axiomatisable. We make a small step forward by proving, in each case, that the set of valid formulas over two-dimensional Minkowski spacetime is decidable and that the complexity of each problem is PSPACE-complete.A consequence is that the temporal logic of intervals with real endpoints under either the containment relation or the strict containment relation is PSPACE-complete, the same is true if the interval accessibility relation is “each endpoint is not earlier”, or its irreflexive restriction.We provide a temporal formula that distinguishes between three-dimensional and two-dimensional Minkowski spacetime and another temporal formula that distinguishes the two-dimensional case where the underlying field is the real numbers from the case where instead we use the rational numbers.
CONSISTENCY PROOF OF A FRAGMENT OF PV WITH SUBSTITUTION IN BOUNDED ARITHMETIC
Authors: YAMAGATA YORIYUKI 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis article presents a proof that Buss’s $S_2^2$ can prove the consistency of a fragment of Cook and Urquhart’s PV from which induction has been removed but substitution has been retained. This result improves Beckmann’s result, which proves the consistency of such a system without substitution in bounded arithmetic $S_2^1$.Our proof relies on the notion of “computation” of the terms of PV. In our work, we first prove that, in the system under consideration, if an equation is proved and either its left- or right-hand side is computed, then there is a corresponding computation for its right- or left-hand side, respectively. By carefully computing the bound of the size of the computation, the proof of this theorem inside a bounded arithmetic is obtained, from which the consistency of the system is readily proven.This result apparently implies the separation of bounded arithmetic because Buss and Ignjatović stated that it is not possible to prove the consistency of a fragment of PV without induction but with substitution in Buss’s $S_2^1$. However, their proof actually shows that it is not possible to prove the consistency of the system, which is obtained by the addition of propositional logic and other axioms to a system such as ours. On the other hand, the system that we have considered is strictly equational, which is a property on which our proof relies.
SUBCOMPLETE FORCING, TREES, AND GENERIC ABSOLUTENESS
Authors: FUCHS GUNTER , MINDEN KAETHE 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe investigate properties of trees of height ω1 and their preservation under subcomplete forcing. We show that subcomplete forcing cannot add a new branch to an ω1-tree. We introduce fragments of subcompleteness which are preserved by subcomplete forcing, and use these in order to show that certain strong forms of rigidity of Suslin trees are preserved by subcomplete forcing. Finally, we explore under what circumstances subcomplete forcing preserves Aronszajn trees of height and width ω1. We show that this is the case if CH fails, and if CH holds, then this is the case iff the bounded subcomplete forcing axiom holds. Finally, we explore the relationships between bounded forcing axioms, preservation of Aronszajn trees of height and width ω1 and generic absoluteness of ${\rm{\Sigma }}_1^1$-statements over first order structures of size ω1, also for other canonical classes of forcing.
TRUNCATION AND SEMI-DECIDABILITY NOTIONS IN APPLICATIVE THEORIES
Authors: JÄGER GERHARD , ROSEBROCK TIMOTEJ , KENTARO SATO 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBON+ is an applicative theory and closely related to the first order parts of the standard systems of explicit mathematics. As such it is also a natural framework for abstract computations. In this article we analyze this aspect of BON+ more closely. First a point is made for introducing a new operation τN, called truncation, to obtain a natural formalization of partial recursive functions in our applicative framework. Then we introduce the operational versions of a series of notions that are all equivalent to semi-decidability in ordinary recursion theory on the natural numbers, and study their mutual relationships over BON+ with τN.
PROOF-THEORETIC STRENGTHS OF WEAK THEORIES FOR POSITIVE INDUCTIVE DEFINITIONS
Authors: ARAI TOSHIYASU 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this article the lightface ${\rm{\Pi }}_1^1$-Comprehension axiom is shown to be proof-theoretically strong even over ${\rm{RCA}}_0^{\rm{*}}$, and we calibrate the proof-theoretic ordinals of weak fragments of the theory ${\rm{I}}{{\rm{D}}_1}$ of positive inductive definitions over natural numbers. Conjunctions of negative and positive formulas in the transfinite induction axiom of ${\rm{I}}{{\rm{D}}_1}$ are shown to be weak, and disjunctions are strong. Thus we draw a boundary line between predicatively reducible and impredicative fragments of ${\rm{I}}{{\rm{D}}_1}$.
ON THE STRUCTURE OF GROUPS ENDOWED WITH A COMPATIBLE C-RELATION
Authors: LEHÉRICY GABRIEL 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe use quasi-orders to describe the structure of C-groups. We do this by associating a quasi-order to each compatible C-relation of a group, and then give the structure of such quasi-ordered groups. We also reformulate in terms of quasi-orders some results concerning C-minimal groups given in [5].
INFINITE COMBINATORICS PLAIN AND SIMPLE
Authors: SOUKUP DÁNIEL T. , SOUKUP LAJOS 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe explore a general method based on trees of elementary submodels in order to present highly simplified proofs to numerous results in infinite combinatorics. While countable elementary submodels have been employed in such settings already, we significantly broaden this framework by developing the corresponding technique for countably closed models of size continuum. The applications range from various theorems on paradoxical decompositions of the plane, to coloring sparse set systems, results on graph chromatic number and constructions from point-set topology. Our main purpose is to demonstrate the ease and wide applicability of this method in a form accessible to anyone with a basic background in set theory and logic.
PARTICIPATORY EVALUATION OF IMPROVED GRASSES AND FORAGE LEGUMES FOR SMALLHOLDER LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IN CENTRAL AMERICA
Authors: GARCIA EDWIN , SILES PABLO , EASH LISA , VAN DER HOEK REIN , KEARNEY SEAN P. , SMUKLER SEAN M. , FONTE STEVEN J. 
Published: October 2018

SUMMARYSmallholder livestock systems in Central America are typically based on pastures with traditional grasses and associated management practices, such as pasture burning and extensive grazing. With the rise of the global population and a corresponding increase in demand for meat and milk production, research efforts have focused on the development of improved grasses and the incorporation of legume species that can increase productivity and sustainability of Central American livestock systems. However, farmer adoption remains very limited, in part due to the lack of site-specific evaluation and recommendations by local institutions. Using a multi-site participatory approach, this study examined the potential of five improved grasses and five species of forage legumes as alternatives to the broadly disseminated grass Hyparrhenia rufa (cv. Jaragua) in pasture-based cattle systems in western Honduras and northern El Salvador. Improved grasses (four Brachiaria sp. and Megathyrsus maximus) produced significantly more biomass than H. rufa; also four of the five legume varieties evaluated (Canavalia ensiformis, Canavalia brasiliensis, Vigna unguiculata, and Vigna radiata) demonstrated high adaptability to diverse environmental conditions across sites. Farmer participatory evaluation offers a valuable means to assess performance of forages and will likely contribute to their improved utilization. Future research is needed on more refined management recommendations, pasture system design, costs and environmental benefits associated with the adoption of these forages in local livestock production systems.
India and Brazil in pursuit of the competitive knowledge economy
Authors: Muzaka Valbona 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe aim of this article is twofold: first, it seeks to address the question of why the competitive knowledge economy orientation that emerged in certain economically advanced states as a response to the crisis of Fordism came to be embraced by the Indian and the Brazilian states from the late 1980s onwards. Second, it aims to elucidate the manner in which the goal of becoming competitive knowledge economies has been articulated and implemented locally, especially from the mid-1990s onwards, by key fragments of the Indian and the Brazilian states. Drawing on insights from the competition state, regulation school, knowledge economy literature and that on India and Brazil, attention is paid to the context- and conjuncture-specific domestic and international factors that have contributed not only to the adoption of the competitive knowledge economy orientation, but also to the necessarily distinctive ways in which it found expression in practice in India and Brazil.
Design of a robust stair-climbing compliant modular robot to tackle overhang on stairs
Authors: Bhole Ajinkya , Turlapati Sri Harsha , V.S Rajashekhar , Dixit Jay , Shah Suril V. , Krishna K. Madhava 
Published: October 2018

SUMMARYThis paper discusses the concept and parameter design of a robust stair-climbing compliant modular robot, capable of tackling stairs with overhangs. Geometry modifications of the periphery of the wheels of our robot helped in tackling overhangs. Along with establishing a concept design, the robust design parameters are set to minimize performance variations. The Grey-based Taguchi method is applied to provide an optimal setting for the design parameters of the robot. The robot prototype is shown to have successfully scaled stairs of varying dimensions, with overhang, thus corroborating the analysis performed.
Early outcomes of conformal radiotherapy in the treatment of cavernous sinus meningioma
Authors: Moujahed R. , Ghedira K. , Drissi C. , Kallel A. , Kochbati L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAim: Cavernous sinus tumours represent 1% of all intracranial neoplasms, and 41% of them are cavernous sinus meningiomas (CSM). The disappointing results of the microsurgical approach in the treatment of CSM have led to the evaluation of a more conservative strategy, such as conformal radiotherapy (CR) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Here we report our experience with CR in the treatment of CSM, aiming to evaluate local control, clinical response and radiation-induced toxicity. Methods: A total of 18 patients with CSM, treated from 2011 to 2017, were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Patient median age was 59 years [31–74]. Clinical presentation included impaired vision, cranial nerve deficit, headache, ocular signs. Median tumour size was 35 mm [13–56]. Six patients were operated before the radiation. Twelve patients were treated with definitive radiotherapy. Dose of radiation varied from 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions, to 54 Gy in 30 fractions. Median follow-up was 33 months [6–84]. Among the 18 patients, patient’s signs and symptoms of disease remained unchanged in three cases (16.66%), 12 (66.66%) were improved and 1 patient (5.55%) exhibited tumour progression (exophthalmia). Two patients (11.11%) were lost to follow-up after the end of the treatment with radiotherapy. Findings: Based on our study findings, CR has proved to be a relatively safe and effective therapeutic option in the treatment of CSM, whether used as first-line or as an adjuvant treatment. CR may be particularly effective for tumours that are not amenable to SRS, owing to lesion size (> 30-35 mm) and/or proximity to the optic apparatus (<3 mm).