bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“The Friends of Equality and of the French Revolution” : Toasts and Popular Opposition to George Washington’s Foreign Policy
Authors: Newman Simon P. 
Published: September 2019

«Les amis de l’égalité et de la révolution française» : toasts et l’opposition populaire à la politique étrangère de George Washington.
Cet article analyse l’opposition populaire à la politique étrangère de George Washington, telle qu’elle s ’exprimait au travers des les toasts portés par les Américains moyens. Un grand nombre de ces toasts portés après les banquets et les fêtes civiques du début des années 1790 exprimaient un soutien populaire envers la révolution française, en totale opposition avec les politiques pro-britanniques du gouvernement de Washington. Les journaux américains ont publié des milliers de ces toasts, ce qui a permis aux hommes américains de toutes catégories d’exprimer leurs opinions politiques, et ainsi de participer au développement du parti républicain, qui s ’est développé en opposition au gouvernement fédéraliste de Washington.
“Finding Ourselves on the Frontiers” : from Colonies to Republics on the Tennessee Frontiers, 1770-1796
Authors: Serme Jean-Marc 
Published: September 2019

Se chercher à la frontière : de colonies à républiques sur les frontières du Tennessee 1770-1796.
L’article explore la transformation du Tennessee en un Etat de l’Union des années 1760 à 1796. La spéculation foncière, la sécurité des colons, les traités de cession et les préoccupations constitutionnelles sont quelques-uns des aspects de cette rapide évolution du territoire. Une élite régionale issue des 13 colonies exerça une influence déterminante sur sa définition politique et sociale. Mais les intérêts particuliers et la conscience du bien public forgeaient une alliance instable et créèrent de nombreuses tensions entre les Etats et leurs territoires de l’Ouest. Si le Congrès bénéficia d’abord d’une grande popularité en tant que soutien potentiel des aspirants à la colonisation, il fut le lieu à la fin du XVIIIe siècle des dissensions grandissantes entre les défenseurs des droits des Etats et les Fédéralistes.
Statut de la source assertive dans les tournures passives du type at home I was thought ugly
Authors: Mégy-Doro Françoise 
Published: September 2019

It is commonly taken for granted that the assertive source of passive utterances such as “at home I was thought to be ugly ” can only be determined by the prepositional phrase “by Y”. The purpose of this article is to examine the status of this source in the light of the semantic properties of the reporting verbs think and believe.
In the case of think, the assertive origin of the reported clause can be identified either contextually or by shared knowledge. As far as believe is concerned, the question of the assertive origin is not relevant since the verb refers to a “quasi-assertion ” located relative to any utterer.
The thinker is identified in the context or by shared knowledge whereas the believer remains, in most cases, undefined (it could be any utterer). It will be shown that this difference lies in the construction of the predicative relation.
La musique comme «rhétorique muette» dans la littérature théorique et dramatique de la Renaissance anglaise
Authors: Bardelmann Claire 
Published: September 2019

The development of expressive criteria in Renaissance music and their increasing use as features of musical construction and not as mere ornamentation are mirrorred in many musical treatises. This convergence of principles of musical composition and literary writing hinges on the humanist desire to bring words and music together, and is also reflected by the analogy of the musical and the verbal at large.
This theory provides a basis to analyse music and the dance as supplementary forms of rhetoric in drama. In theatre plays, music and the dance are resorted to as rhetorical features in themselves and are woven into the dramatic fabric and construction. Yet, this musical rhetoric is also a «silent rhetoric» because it is enacted mainly on the symbolic level, through the subversion and distortion of musical forms. This twin rhetoric will be studied through a few examples in drama, such as the use of the musical gradatio in Fulwell’s Like Will to Like.
CYP2C9 VE VKORC1 GENLERİNİN PROSTAT KANSERİ ETYOLOJİSİNDEKİ ROLLERİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: ARSLAN Ali Osman , DÜZENLİ Selma 
Published: September 2019

1.
Amaç: Çalışmamızda, Sitokrom p450 enzimlerini kodlayan CYP
ve vitamin K epoksit redüktaz kompleks subünit1 enzimini kodlayan VKORC1
genlerinin alt gruplarındaki tek nükleotit polimorfizmlerinin muhtemel bireysel
ve ortak etkilerini prostat kanseri hastalarında araştırmayı amaçladık. Çalışma
sonuçları aynı zamanda bu iki gen ile ilgili henüz ortaya konmamış olan bizim
populasyonumuza özgü genotip dağılımını da kısmen ortaya koyacaktır.

2. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamıza
48 prostat kanseri tanılı erkek hasta ve 48 sağlıklı erkek birey dâhil edildi. Hasta grubu prostat tanısı almış
yaş aralığı 49-86 olan gönüllü bireylerden seçildi. Kontrol grubu prostat kanseri
olmadığı belirlenmiş, 51-86 yaş grubundaki gönüllü bireylerden seçildi. Hasta
ve kontrol grubu bireylerinin venöz kanları alınarak genomik DNA izolasyonları
yapıldı. İzole edilen DNA’ların ilgili gen bölgeleri polimeraz zincir
reaksiyonu (PCR) ile çoğaltıldı. Sonrasında PCR ürünleri mikroarray
cihazında özel
problar yardımıyla çalışıldı. CYP2C9 ve VKORC1 gen bölgelerine ait alt
grupların polimorfizmleri tanımlandı ve EpiInfo 3.5.1 istatistik programı ile
anlamlılıkları hesaplandı.

3. Bulgular: Sonuçlarımızda
CYP2C9 ve
VKORC1 enzimlerini kodlayan genlerin alt gruplarının polimorfizmleri karşılaştırıldığında
hasta ve kontrol grubu arasında yüzde olarak önemli farklar görüldü. Örneğin
VKORC1 6853 G&gt;C polimorfizmi için kontrol grubunda CC alleli %25 iken hasta
grubunda %34,5 olarak tespit edildi. CYP2C9 *3 A&gt;C değişimi için kontrol
grubunda CC alleli %79,16 iken hasta grubunda %87,5 olarak tespit edildi.

4. Sonuç: Çalışmamızda
sayı ve yüzde olarak hasta ve kontrol grubunda
önemli farklar görüldü. CYP2C9 ve VKORC1 geninin alt gruplarının analizleri
sonucunda istatistiksel anlamlılık tespit edilmedi. Bunun sebebinin örnek
sayısı azlığı ile alakalı olduğu düşünüldü ve ileri çalışmaların konuyu
aydınlatacağı düşünüldü.
Kompozit Yama ile Tamir Edilmiş V-Çentikli Levhaların Burkulma Davranışı: Üç Boyutlu Sayısal Yaklaşım
Authors: SAYLIK Ahmet , KAMAN Mete Onur 
Published: September 2019

Bu
çalışmada, kompozit yama ile tamir edilmiş beş farklı V-çentik boyutuna sahip
alüminyum ve kompozit levhaların burkulma davranışı sayısal olarak
incelenmiştir. Çentikli levhalara tek taraflı ve çift taraflı yama olmak üzere
iki farklı tipte tamir işlemi uygulanmıştır.
Yama
malzemesi olarak; aynı takviye açısına sahip dört tabaka çapraz örgü karbon
fiber ve epoksi yapıştırıcıdan oluşan tabakalı kompozit seçilmiştir. Levha
malzemesi olarak ise alüminyum ve aynı yama malzemesinden üretilmiş kompozit
kullanılmıştır. Üç boyutlu olarak hazırlanan sonlu eleman modeli kullanılarak
tamirli kompozit levhalarda kritik burkulma yükleri hesaplanmıştır. Levhaların çentik boyut değişimine göre
kritik burkulma yük analizleri tek ve çift taraflı tamir yöntemi için
yapılmıştır. Çentik derinlik artışının,
genişliğe göre burkulma yükü üzerinde daha etkili bir parametre olduğu
görülmüştür. Ayrıca kompozit levha ya da yamadaki fiber takviye açılarının
artışı levha mukavemetini düşürmüştür.
On the Assembly Bias of Cool Core Clusters Traced by Hα Nebulae
Authors: Medezinski Elinor , McDonald Michael , More Surhud , Miyatake Hironao , Battaglia Nicholas , Gaspari Massimo , Spergel David , Cen Renyue 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Do cool-core (CC) and non-cool-core (NCC) clusters live in different environments? We make novel use of Hα emission lines in the central galaxies of redMaPPer clusters as proxies to construct large (1000's) samples of CC and NCC clusters and measure their relative assembly bias using both clustering and weak lensing. We increase the statistical significance of the bias measurements from clustering by cross-correlating the clusters with an external galaxy redshift catalog from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey III, the LOWZ sample. Our cross-correlations can constrain assembly bias up to a statistical uncertainty of 6%. Given our Hα criteria for CC and NCC, we find no significant differences in their clustering amplitude. Interpreting this difference as the absence of halo assembly bias, our results rule out the possibility of having different large-scale (tens of Mpc) environments as the source of diversity observed in cluster cores. Combined with recent observations of the overall mild evolution of CC and NCC properties, such as central density and CC fraction, this would suggest that either the cooling properties of the cluster core are determined early on solely by the local (<200 kpc) gas properties at formation or that local merging leads to stochastic CC relaxation and disruption in a periodic way, preserving the average population properties over time. Studying the small-scale clustering in clusters at high redshift would help shed light on the exact scenario.
Shock Heating Energy of Umbral Flashes Measured with Integral Field Unit Spectroscopy
Authors: Anan Tetsu , Schad Thomas A. , Jaeggli Sarah A. , Tarr Lucas A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Umbral flashes are periodic brightness increases routinely observed in the core of chromospheric lines within sunspot umbrae and are attributed to propagating shock fronts. In this work we quantify the shock heating energy of these umbral flashes using observations in the near-infrared He i triplet obtained on 2014 December 7 with the SpectroPolarimetric Imager for the Energetic Sun, which is a novel integral field unit spectrograph at the Dunn Solar Telescope. We determine the shock properties (the Mach number and the propagation speed) by fitting the measured He i spectral profiles with a theoretical radiative transfer model consisting of two constant-property atmospheric slabs whose temperatures and macroscopic velocities are constrained by the Rankine–Hugoniot relations. From the Mach number, the shock heating energy per unit mass of plasma is derived to be 2 × 1010 erg g−1, which is insufficient to maintain the umbral chromosphere. In addition, we find that the shocks propagate upward with the sound speed and the Mach number does not depend on the temperature upstream of the shocks. The latter may imply suppression of the amplification of the Mach number due to energy loss of the shocks.
ANKLE WEIGHT EFFECT ON GAIT: ORTHOTIC IMPLICATIONS
Authors: Barnett Steven L , Bagley Anita M , Skinner Harry B 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Oxygen consumption during ambulation was measured in 10 normal subjects wearing ankle weights of 0.91 kg, 1.82 kg, and 2.73 kg, either on the right ankle or bilaterally. Subjects walked at self-selected speeds and oxygen consumption was measured over 1minute intervals during steady-state walking. Oxygen consumption per unit distance and oxygen consumption rate demonstrated significant positive linear correlations with added weight (P = .001, P = 0.007, respectively). Velocity demonstrated a significant decrease when correlated with added weight (P = 0.03). Multiple regression analysis was used to relate these measures of oxygen consumption rates to velocity, age, and added weight, yielding predictive relationships. Based on these results, the weight of orthoses should be minimized in order to maximize walking velocity and minimize oxygen consumption per unit distance. The advantage of a lightweight, molded plastic ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) over heavier AFO designs is demonstrated by this study.
Terminal Effector CD8 T Cells Defined by an IKZF2+IL-7R− Transcriptional Signature Express FcγRIIIA, Expand in HIV Infection, and Mediate Potent HIV-Specific Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity
Authors: Naluyima Prossy , Lal Kerri G. , Costanzo Margaret C. , Kijak Gustavo H. , Gonzalez Veronica D. , Blom Kim , Eller Leigh Anne , Creegan Matthew , Hong Ting , Kim Dohoon , Quinn Thomas C. , Björkström Niklas K. , Ljunggren Hans-Gustaf , Serwadda David , Katabira Elly T. , Sewankambo Nelson K. , Gray Ronald H. , Baeten Jared M. , Michael Nelson L. , Wabwire-Mangen Fred , Robb Merlin L. , Bolton Diane L. , Sandberg Johan K. , Eller Michael A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHIV-1 infection expands large populations of late-stage differentiated CD8 T cells that may persist long after viral escape from TCR recognition. In this study, we investigated whether such CD8 T cell populations can perform unconventional innate-like antiviral effector functions. Chronic untreated HIV-1 infection was associated with elevated numbers of CD45RA+CD57+ terminal effector CD8 T cells expressing FcγRIIIA (CD16). The FcγRIIIA+ CD8 T cells displayed a distinctive transcriptional profile between conventional CD8 T cells and NK cells, characterized by high levels of IKZF2 and low expression of IL7R. This transcriptional profile translated into a distinct NKp80+ IL-7Rα− surface phenotype with high expression of the Helios transcription factor. Interestingly, the FcγRIIIA+ CD8 T cells mediated HIV-specific Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity at levels comparable with NK cells on a per cell basis. The FcγRIIIA+ CD8 T cells were highly activated in a manner that correlated positively with expansion of the CD8 T cell compartment and with plasma levels of soluble mediators of antiviral immunity and inflammation such as IP-10, TNF, IL-6, and TNFRII. The frequency of FcγRIIIA+ CD8 T cells persisted as patients initiated suppressive antiretroviral therapy, although their activation levels declined. These data indicate that terminally differentiated effector CD8 T cells acquire enhanced innate cell-like characteristics during chronic viral infection and suggest that HIV-specific ADCC is a function CD8 T cells use to target HIV-infected cells. Furthermore, as the FcγRIIIA+ CD8 T cells persist in treatment, they contribute significantly to the ADCC-capable effector cell pool in patients on antiretroviral therapy.
Comparative Study of Endonasal Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy and External Dacryocystorhinostomy
Authors: Mohindroo NK , Singh Harjitpal 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
A prospective study on 50 cases of chronic dacryocystitis was done to see outcome of management by endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) in Indian population and to look for its advantages or disadvantages over external-DCR. Effect of mitomycin-C was also evaluated in endoscopic DCR cases. Dacryocystitis was diagnosed on the basis of clinical examination by doing regurgitation test and lacrimal syringing. These patients were divided into two groups: group I consisted of those 25 subjects who were planned for endonasal endoscopic DCR and group II of those 25 subjects who underwent external-DCR in ophthalmology department. Of all the cases, maximum number of cases was in the age group of 21 to 35 years, 27 (54%) cases, 88% were females and 12% were males. External-DCR required a relatively longer surgical duration of an average 65 minutes as compared to 35 minutes for endonasal DCR. Average hospital stay for patient in group I was 3 days and it was 7 days in group II. There were minimal intraoperative complications in endoscopic procedure as compared to external-DCR group. Average follow-up was 6 months. Primary success rate was 96% in both the groups. Thus, it was concluded that both the procedures represent good alternatives for the treatment of primary nasolacrimal sac or duct obstruction or chronic dacryocystitis, endoscopic DCR having advantage of less complications and less traumatic. Mitomycin-C was found to be helpful in reducing fibrosis.

How to cite this article
Singh H, Mohindroo NK. Comparative Study of Endonasal Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy and External Dacryocystorhinostomy. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2015;8(1):1-4.
Role of Nasal Endoscopy in Sinonasal Diseases
Authors: Shelkar Ritesh , Vedi Jeevan , Patel Seema , Dasgupta KS , Lanjewar Kanchan 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTAims and objectivesTo evaluate sinunasal diseases with the help of nasal endoscopy. To study efficacy of nasal endoscopy in diagnosing nasal pathology over clinical examination. To define medical and surgical functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), management according to type of nasal pathology. To define applications of nasal endoscopy (biopsy, swab, epistaxis control, foreign body removal, rhinolith removal, follow-up).Materials and methodsTotal 100 patients were studied. Patients came with complaints of nasal blocking, nasal discharge, mass in nasal cavity, bleeding etc, included in study. Pre-endoscopic assessment was carried out like history, examination, investigation. Endoscopic was done after consent under necessary anesthesia. Endoscopy was done using 0 and 30Â° endoscope with three standard passes.ResultTotal 100 patients were studied. Male to female ratio was 1.8:1. Out of 100 patients maximum number of patients had chronic sinusitis on nasal endoscopy examination (22); followed by nasal polyp (27) and deviated nasal septum and epistaxis (10). Nasal endoscopy was an excellent diagnostic aid in condition like epistaxis, nasal mass, nasal obstruction, foreign body, nasopharyngeal tumor.ConclusionDiagnostic nasal endoscopy offers high diagnostic accuracy in patient with sinonasal complaints. Diagnostic nasal endoscopy is gold standard tool in patient having sinonasal complaints. It has high accuracy due to vision control, has less bleeding, minimal complication, and early postoperative recovery. It is a good tool for diagnosing anatomical variation.How to cite this articleShelkar R, Vedi J, Patel S, Dasgupta KS, Lanjewar K. Role of Nasal Endoscopy in Sinonasal Diseases. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2015;8(1):8-11.
Computed Tomography of Paranasal Sinus Pathologies with Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery/Nasal Endoscopy Correlation
Authors: Rao Kiran 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
A prospective study conducted on 50 patients in Sri Guru Ram Das (SGRD) Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, India, suffering from paranasal sinus diseases correlating the findings of computed tomography (CT) using Siemens somatom emotion 6 slice CT machine with diagnostic nasal endoscopy or functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS).
Infection of the paranasal sinuses is very common. Surgical clearance of these chronically infected sinuses while maintaining their ventilation and drainage is the treatment of choice. To achieve this goal, there should be some diagnostic modality which guides us towards exact diagnosis and safe intervention. Computed tomography proves to be the most reliable method of preoperative assessment of patients undergoing FESS as it delineates the extent of the disease, define any anatomical variants and relationship of the sinuses with the surrounding important structures. Thus, providing a road map for sinus surgery.
In our study, most patients were in the 3rd and 4th decades of their life with equal disease incidence in males and females. The most common sinus involved was anterior ethmoid sinus while sphenoid sinus was least commonly involved. Commonest pattern of inflammation was sinonasal polyposis followed by osteomeatal unit pattern. On correlating CT diagnosis with final diagnosis, chronic sinusitis has 86% sensitivity and 96.5% specificity. Polyps have sensitivity of 96.15% and specificity of 95.83%. Again for fungal sinusitis CT has lower sensitivity of 71.4% and specificity of 93.02%. For diagnosing benign and malignant lesions CT has 100% sensitivity, specificity, could be due to small number of masses evaluated. This study proved that CT is the modality of choice for evaluation and planning the management of symptomatic patients of paranasal sinus pathologies.

How to cite this article
Rao K. Computed Tomography of Paranasal Sinus Pathologies with Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery/Nasal Endoscopy Correlation. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2015;8(1):15-19.
Adulthood Presentation of Bilateral Complete Congenital Choanal Atresia with other Congenital Anomalies: A Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Agarwal Vinish Kumar , Bist Sampan Singh , Mishra Sarita Kumari , Bharti Bhartendu 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Bilateral choanal atresia is an otorhinolaryngology emergency. It is a potentially life-threatening disorder because the affected newborn is an obligate nose breather. We report clinical and radiological evaluation of a patient with congenital bilateral choanal atresia, who presented at the 20-year of age with other congenital anomalies. Patient was diagnosed as congenital bilateral choanal atresia, right accessory nasal deformity, high arched palate with congenital phthisis bulbi of his left eye. He was posted for transnasal endoscopic surgery under general anesthesia. Unique feature of this case is left congenital phthisis bulbi along with bilateral congenital choanal atresia probably the first case report having both anomalies in a single patient. While performing surgery, we should carefully study the anatomy of the basisphenoid, as in our case we did not attempt to correct atresia on right side.

How to cite this article
Agarwal VK, Bist SS, Mishra SK, Bharti B. Adulthood Presentation of Bilateral Complete Congenital Choanal Atresia with other Congenital Anomalies: A Case Report with Review of Literature. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2015;8(1):24-26.
Endoscopic Endonasal Approach of Orbital Medial Wall Reconstruction using Septal Cartilage: A Rare Surgical Case Report
Authors: Rajasekar MK , Vivek M , Narendrakumar V 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Orbital fractures can cause facial disfigurement and disturbs vision. Medial orbital wall fractures are diagnosed with frequent use of computed tomography (CT) scans in the diagnosis of orbital trauma. Orbital reconstruction plays a challenging role for the surgeons as it comes in a multitude of different forms. We report a case of 45-year male with a history of assault presented with diminution of vision, restricted abduction and diplopia of the left eye. Computed tomography scan showed fracture of the left medial orbital wall fracture and the patient was treated by endoscopic endonasal approach of medial orbital wall reconstruction using septal cartilage.

How to cite this article
Rajasekar MK, Vivek M, Narendrakumar V. Endoscopic Endonasal Approach of Orbital Medial Wall Reconstruction using Septal Cartilage: A Rare Surgical Case Report. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2015;8(1):30-33.