bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different phenotypes of non‐classical monocytes associated with systemic inflammation, endothelial alteration and hepatic compromise in patients with dengue
Authors: Naranjo‐Gómez Juan S. , Castillo Jorge Andrés , Rojas Mauricio , Restrepo Berta N. , Diaz Francisco J. , Velilla Paula A. , Castaño Diana 
Published: October 2018

SummaryAlthough dengue can progress to severe stages, the exact causes of this phenomenon are unknown; however, the possibility of monocyte participation is acknowledged. It has been suggested that monocyte subsets (classical, intermediate and non‐classical) play differential roles in dengue immunopathology. Therefore, we determined the count of monocyte subsets and obtained the clinical information of patients with dengue. We noted a significant decrease in the count of non‐classical monocytes in patients compared with controls. With this finding, we focused on studying the phenotype of non‐classical monocytes in the present study. An increase in activation and differentiation markers, such as CD64, CD86, the percentage of tumor necrosis factor‐α+ cells and exposure of phosphatidylserine, were recorded in the non‐classical monocytes of patients compared with controls. Moreover, a significant decrease in the expression of CX3CR1 with a corresponding increase in the expressions of CCR2, CCR5, CD11b and CD54 was detected in the non‐classical monocytes of patients in comparison with that of the controls. Significant increases in the frequency of microparticles from endothelium and in the concentrations of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), IL‐8 and IL‐10 were noted in the plasma of patients. These findings demonstrate that in patients with dengue, non‐classical monocytes are activated, exhibiting a phenotype associated with more differentiation, produces tumor necrosis factor‐α and has a profile of less endothelial surveillance closer to the cellular migration. These changes were associated with hepatic compromise, endothelial alteration and high concentration of circulating cytokines. Hence, alterations of non‐classical monocytes seem to be associated with the immunopathology of dengue infection.
Effect of alkali concentration on functionality, lysinoalanine formation, and structural characteristics of tea residue proteins
Authors: Ayim Ishmael , Ma Haile , Alenyorege Evans Adingba , Ali Zeshan , Zhou Cunshan , Donkor Prince Ofori 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe effect of varying sodium hydroxide concentration on functionality, structural characteristics, and the generation of lysinoalanine from tea protein extraction was explored. The results indicated that increasing alkali molarity from 0.0125 to 0.150 M resulted in an increase in protein yield, solubility, foam capacity, and stability up to 0.1 M, which declined further with an increase in the alkali concentration. Surface hydrophobicity, thiol, and disulfide contents reached a maximum at 0.075 M and continued to decline afterward. The effect of alkaline concentration on lysinoalanine (LAL) formation showed an increase from 6.00 ± 0.32 g/kg at 0.1 M to 29.43 ± 1.10 g/kg at 0.125 M followed by a decline to 7.37 ± 0.01 g/kg at 0.15 M. There was a significant (p < .05) reduction in Cys and Lys contents as alkali concentration increased. The use of alkali in extracting protein from tea and other plant sources should be monitored as higher alkali concentration may pose a nutritional concern.Practical applicationsExtraction of protein from plant sources is most often facilitated by use of alkali. However, the adverse effect of use of alkali is not considered in most cases. The use of sonication, ethanol, and Viscozyme pretreatments coupled with varying alkali concentration was adopted to extract proteins from tea residue and the generation of lysinoalanine, a toxic substance was quantified. The use of alkali at higher concentrations could pose a nutritional concern as it caused an increase in lysinoalanine content. Improved protein yield and purity can be achieved at moderately lower alkali concentrations.
Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale: One‐Page Predictor of Mobility Decline in Mobility‐Intact Older Adults
Authors: Simonsick Eleanor M. , Schrack Jennifer A. , Santanasto Adam J. , Studenski Stephanie A. , Ferrucci Luigi , Glynn Nancy W. 
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVESTo evaluate the Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale (PFS) as a predictor of performance and functional decline in mobility‐intact older adults.DESIGNLongitudinal analysis of Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging data.SETTINGNational Institute on Aging, Clinical Research Unit, Baltimore, Maryland.PARTICIPANTSMobility‐intact men (46.8%) and women aged 60 to 89 with concurrent PFS administration and performance and functional assessment and follow‐up assessment within 1 to 4 years (N=579).MEASUREMENTSThe PFS is a self‐administered, 1‐page assessment of expected physical and mental fatigue with a score ranging from 0 (no) to 5 (extreme) associated with performing 10 activities. Analyses examined associations between each dimension scored continuously (0–50), categorically (0–5), and dichotomously and change in and likelihood of clinically meaningful decline in usual and fast gait speed, chair stand pace, and reported walking ability. Covariates included age, age2, sex, race, visit status, baseline function, and follow‐up time. We defined meaningful decline as 0.05 m/s per year for usual gait speed, 0.07 m/s per year for fast gait speed, 0.02 chair stands/s per year and 1 point or more for walking ability index.RESULTSOver a mean 2.2 years, 20.5% to 37.7% of participants experienced meaningful decline across assessments. Independent of covariates, higher PFS physical and mental scores were most consistently associated with greater decline in usual gait speed, chair stand pace, and reported walking ability regardless of scoring approach. For example, higher physical fatigability was associated with twice the likelihood of meaningful decline in gait speed as lower physical fatigability (p=.001). PFS scores were superior to fatigue symptoms such as tiredness and energy level in predicting performance decline, which showed no association.CONCLUSIONRoutine self‐administered perceived fatigability assessment may help identify older persons vulnerable to accelerated mobility decline. J Am Geriatr Soc 66:2092–2096, 2018.
Tools for Deprescribing in Frail Older Persons and Those with Limited Life Expectancy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Thompson Wade , Lundby Carina , Graabæk Trine , Nielsen Dorthe S. , Ryg Jesper , Søndergaard Jens , Pottegård Anton 
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVESTo summarize available tools that can assist clinicians in identifying and reducing or stopping (deprescribing) potentially inappropriate medications and that specifically consider frailty or limited life expectancy.DESIGNSystematic review and narrative synthesis.SETTINGWe searched MEDLINE (via Ovid SP), EMBASE (via Ovid SP), and CINAHL from inception to December 2017, along with grey literature. We included articles that described a tool to guide deprescribing of medications.PARTICIPANTSFrail older persons and older persons with limited life expectancy.MEASUREMENTSNarrative description of tools.RESULTSWe identified 15 tools and organized them into three main categories: tools (n = 2) that described a model or framework for approaching deprescribing, tools (n = 9) that outlined a deprescribing approach for the entire medication list, and tools (n = 4) that provided medication‐specific advice. The complexity of the tools ranged from simple lists to detailed, step‐wise protocols. The development methodology varied widely, and the methods used to synthesize the tools were generally not well described. Most tools were based on expert opinion. Only four of the 15 tools have been tested in clinical practice (in very low‐quality studies).CONCLUSIONTools exist to help clinicians deprescribe in frail older persons and those with limited life expectancy. These tools may assist clinicians at various stages in the deprescribing process. However, it remains to be investigated whether use of such tools in practice is likely to improve clinical outcomes or reduce inappropriate medication use. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:172–180, 2019.
Metipranolol promotes structure and function of retinal photoreceptors in the rd10 mouse model of human retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Kanan Yogita , Khan Mahmood , Lorenc Valeria E. , Long Da , Chadha Rishi , Sciamanna Jason , Green Ken , Campochiaro Peter A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMetipranolol is a β‐adrenergic receptor antagonist that is given orally for the treatment of hypertension and also applied topically to the cornea for treating glaucoma. It also inhibits nitrosative stress which has previously been shown to be the cause of cone photoreceptor death in retinitis pigmentosa. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that metipranolol protects photoreceptor structure and function in the mouse model rd10. At P35, compared with vehicle‐treated rd10 mice in which rod degeneration was nearly complete, rd10 mice given daily subcutaneous injections of 40 mg/kg of metipranolol had reduction in markers of nitrosative stress, fewer TUNEL‐positive cells, increased outer nuclear layer thickness, and substantially more staining for rhodopsin. This was accompanied by significantly higher mean scotopic and photopic electroretinogram b‐wave amplitudes indicating improved photoreceptor function. At P50, metipranolol‐treated rd10 mice had decreased 3‐nitrotyrosine staining in the retina, increased immunostaining for cone arrestin, a marker for cone photoreceptors, and significantly higher scotopic and photopic b‐wave amplitudes at the highest stimulus intensity compared with vehicle‐treated mice. At P65, cone density was significantly higher in metipranolol‐treated versus vehicle‐injected rd10 mice. Metipranolol applied as eye drops promoted cone photoreceptor function in retinas of rd10 mice greater than subcutaneously injected metipranolol. The reduced nitrosative damage and rescue of functional loss of photoreceptors in rd10 mice suggests that metipranolol, a drug with established ocular safety and tolerability, may have potential for treating patients with retinitis pigmentosa.
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Reflections on self‐determination theory as an organizing framework for personality psychology: Interfaces, integrations, issues, and unfinished business
Authors: Ryan Richard M. , Soenens Bart , Vansteenkiste Maarten 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis special issue focuses on self‐determination theory (SDT) as an integrative framework for the wider field of personality research. In this commentary our aims include: reflecting on the utility and strengths of SDT as such a general framework and responding to the various contributions in this issue regarding their use of SDT as a guiding, complementary, or contrasting framework.Methods and ResultsWe describe how SDT has developed organically and conservatively from “within” based on the emerging patterns of evidence, as well through the ongoing challenges from other models and frameworks. We then discuss each of the various contributions to this special issue, addressing themes that include SDT’s breadth of methods, and its relevance to topics such as narcissism, wisdom, individual differences, Big‐Five traits, and the neuropsychology of motivation, among others. Across these discussions, we highlight fruitful avenues for research and cross‐fertilization across the fields of personality, development, motivation, and neuroscience. At the same time, we counter some claims made about SDT, and forward certain cautions regarding the integration of SDT and other personality frameworks and models.ConclusionsWe conclude by revisiting the value of broad theory, and SDT in particular, for coordinating complex research findings concerning motivation, personality development and wellness across multiple levels of analysis and, perhaps more importantly, for pointing researchers to the right questions within today’s prolific empiricism.
Hyponatraemia in a Lao paediatric intensive care unit: Prevalence, associations and intravenous fluid use
Authors: Elliman Mark G , Vongxay Oulaivanh , Soumphonphakdy Bandith , Gray Amy 
Published: October 2018

AimHyponatraemia is a common and potentially deadly complication affecting hospitalised children world‐wide. Hypotonic intravenous fluids can be a significant exacerbating factor. Exclusive use of isotonic fluids, coupled with rigorous blood monitoring, has proven effective in reducing hyponatraemia in developed settings. In developing countries, where hyponatraemia is often more common and severe, different factors may contribute to its incidence and detection. We aimed to determine the prevalence and disease associations of hyponatraemia and describe the intravenous maintenance fluid prescribing practices in a Lao paediatric intensive care unit.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study of 164 children aged 1 month to 15 years admitted to intensive care at a tertiary centre in Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR) and recorded their serum sodium and clinical data at admission and on two subsequent days.ResultsHyponatraemia was detected in 41% (67/164, confidence interval 34–48%) of children, the majority of which was mild (34%, 56/164) and present at admission (35%, 55/158). Hyponatraemia was more common in malnourished children (odds ratio (OR) 2.3, P = 0.012) and females (OR 1.9, P = 0.045). Hyponatraemia correlated with death or expected death after discharge (OR 2.2, P = 0.015); 88% received maintenance intravenous fluids, with 67% of those receiving a hypotonic solution. Electrolyte testing was only performed in 20% (9/46) of patients outside the study protocol.ConclusionsHyponatraemia is highly prevalent in critically ill children in Lao PDR, as is the continued use of hypotonic intravenous fluids. With financial and practical barriers to safely detecting and monitoring electrolyte disorders in this setting, this local audit can help promote testing and has already encouraged changes to fluid prescribing.
Hepatitis C test uptake among historic blood transfusion recipients following media coverage of the Penrose Inquiry and an awareness‐raising campaign
Authors: McLeod Allan , Weir Amanda , Hutchinson Sharon J , Goldberg David J. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThe final report of the Penrose Inquiry into historic transmission of HIV and hepatitis C (HCV) through blood transfusion/products in Scotland was published in March 2015 and recommended “everyone who had received a blood transfusion prior to 1991 and who had not had a test for HCV should be offered one.” A targeted awareness‐raising campaign to encourage such individuals to be tested was launched in October 2016. We examined HCV testing undertaken in 2015‐2016 in three NHS boards in Scotland to evaluate impact of these events. Statistical process control was used to monitor trends in individuals tested and those mentioning transfusion. HCV positivity was calculated and multivariate logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with mention of transfusion. A total of 22 842 individuals received an HCV test in 2015‐2016 and 3% of those with clinical information mentioned transfusion. The total number of HCV tests was significantly higher in the week following the Penrose Report and the number mentioning transfusion was significantly higher for three weeks. There was no significant increase following the awareness‐raising campaign. Women and those aged over 50 years were the most likely to have mentioned transfusion. Overall HCV positivity was 3.7% and <1% for the transfusion group. The impact of both intense media coverage and the government‐funded awareness‐raising campaigns in terms of HCV test uptake was modest and short‐lived. Our findings highlight the challenges of case‐finding for HCV and the limited impact of awareness‐raising. This can be used by other countries aiming to identify those infected through historic blood transfusion.
Increased diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis C in prison by universal offer of testing and use of telemedicine
Authors: Morey Sarah , Hamoodi Abi , Jones Dee , Young Tina , Thompson Craig , Dhuny Julie , Buchanan Emma , Miller Carolyn , Hewett Margaret , Valappil Manoj , Hunter Ewan , McPherson Stuart 
Published: October 2018

SummaryWith recent advances in antiviral therapy, there is an opportunity to eliminate hepatitis C virus (HCV) from the UK population. HCV is common in incarcerated individuals, with previous estimates suggesting ~7% of the UK prison population is anti‐HCV antibody positive. Increasing diagnosis and treatment of HCV in prison is a priority in seeking to eliminate transmission in the general population. Thus the study aimed to assess the impact implementation of: (a) A universal offer of blood borne virus testing (UOBBVT) using dry blood spot testing for prisoners at reception to increase diagnosis; (b) Telemedicine clinics (TC) within North East England (NEE) prisons to increase HCV treatment rates. UOBBVT was initially implemented at Her Majesty's Prison (HMP) Durham, commencing March 2016. From March 2016 to February 2017, 2831 of 4280 (66%) new receptions were offered blood borne virus (BBV) testing. Of these, 1495 (53% of offered) accepted BBV testing, of whom 95 (6.4%) were HCV antibody positive, with 47 of those 95 (49.5%) HCV RNA positive, suggesting a prevalence of active infection in the tested population of 3.1% (95% CI 2.4%‐4.2%). Between August 2015 and October 2017, 80 individuals were seen in the TC and 57 (71%) commenced antiviral therapy. Of those with known outcome (n = 29), 100% achieved sustained virological response. In the year prior to implementation, only four patients received HCV treatment. In conclusion, a universal offer of BBV testing to inmates presenting at HMP reception coupled with linkage into specialist care via TC can substantially increase rates of testing, diagnosis and treatment of HCV in this high‐prevalence population.
Human genomics of acute liver failure due to hepatitis B virus infection: An exome sequencing study in liver transplant recipients
Authors: Asgari Samira , Chaturvedi Nimisha , Scepanovic Petar , Hammer Christian , Semmo Nasser , Giostra Emiliano , Müllhaupt Beat , Angus Peter , Thompson Alexander J , Moradpour Darius , Fellay Jacques 
Published: October 2018

SummaryAcute liver failure (ALF) or fulminant hepatitis is a rare, yet severe outcome of infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) that carries a high mortality rate. The occurrence of a life‐threatening condition upon infection with a prevalent virus in individuals without known risk factors is suggestive of pathogen‐specific immune dysregulation. In the absence of established differences in HBV virulence, we hypothesized that ALF upon primary infection with HBV could be due to rare deleterious variants in the human genome. To search for such variants, we performed exome sequencing in 21 previously healthy adults who required liver transplantation upon fulminant HBV infection and 172 controls that were positive for anti‐HBc and anti‐HBs but had no clinical history of jaundice or liver disease. After a series of hypothesis‐driven filtering steps, we searched for putatively pathogenic variants that were significantly associated with case‐control status. We did not find any causal variant or gene, a result that does not support the hypothesis of a shared monogenic basis for human susceptibility to HBV‐related ALF in adults. This study represents a first attempt at deciphering the human genetic contribution to the most severe clinical presentation of acute HBV infection in previously healthy individuals.
Radioactive iodine uptake in hyperthyroid cats after administration of recombinant human thyroid stimulating hormone
Authors: Oberstadt Amy E. , Nelson Nathan C. , Claude Andrew K. , Refsal Kent R. , Scott‐Moncrieff J. Catharine , Petroff Brian K. , Langlois Daniel K. 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundRadioactive iodine therapy is considered the treatment of choice for hyperthyroidism in cats, but the availability of this modality is limited by costs and hospitalization requirements. Administration of recombinant human thyroid stimulating hormone (rh‐TSH) to humans with thyroid neoplasia or nodular goiter can increase thyroidal iodine uptake, thereby allowing the use of lower radioactive iodine doses for treatment. Veterinary studies of this subject are limited, and results are conflicting.ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of rh‐TSH administration on thyroidal iodine uptake in hyperthyroid cats.AnimalsTen client‐owned hyperthyroid cats.MethodsIn this prospective clinical study, cats were administered saline (placebo), 50 μg rh‐TSH (low‐dose), and 100 μg rh‐TSH (high‐dose) in randomized crossover design with treatments separated by 7‐10 days. After each treatment, thyroid scintigraphy was performed by administering 300 μCi123I and assessing radionuclide uptake 8 and 24 hours later. Serum thyroid hormone concentrations were measured at each visit.ResultsThyroidal percent iodine uptakes (mean ± SD at 8 and 24 hours) in cats treated with placebo (25.2 ± 13.4%, 30.0 ± 12.8%), low‐dose (24.1 ± 12.5%, 29.4 ± 13.7%), and high‐dose rh‐TSH (24.2 ± 16.3%, 30.8 ± 15.3%) were not different (P= .76). Independent of rh‐TSH administration, percent iodine uptakes were positively correlated with serum thyroid hormone concentrations.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceOne‐time administration of rh‐TSH, even at high doses, would not be expected to lower radioactive iodine doses needed for treatment of hyperthyroidism in cats. Investigations of alternate strategies to increase thyroidal uptake of radioactive iodine are warranted.
Association between clinically probable REM sleep behavior disorder and tetanus in dogs
Authors: Shea Anita , Hatch Alex , De Risio Luisa , Beltran Elsa 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundAbnormal sleep behavior has been reported in 5 dogs during recovery from tetanus.HypothesisREM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a more common consequence of tetanus than previously reported in veterinary literature and easily confused for epileptic seizures.AnimalsSixty‐one client‐owned dogs diagnosed with tetanus at 2 UK referral centers.MethodsA retrospective review of medical records was combined with a questionnaire sent to owners of surviving dogs, to identify cases that developed clinically probable RBD and determine its clinical progression and effect on quality of life of affected dogs and their owners. Descriptive statistical evaluation was performed.ResultsEleven dogs (18%) died or were euthanized before discharge. At least 46% surviving dogs developed abnormal “dream enactment” clinically consistent with RBD. Twitching, running, and vocalization were new sleep behaviors in 53, 80, and 60% of affected dogs. Clinically probable RBD was described as violent or “nightmare”‐like in 36% affected dogs, and like an epileptic seizure in 40% affected dogs. When trialed, antiepileptic medications were ineffective. Onset occurred before discharge in 25% cases. For dogs that developed clinically probable RBD postdischarge, onset occurred within 2 weeks of discharge in 77% dogs. Clinically probable RBD did not worsen in severity or frequency in any dog, and spontaneously resolved within 6 months in 43% cases.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceClinically probable RBD is a common sequel to canine tetanus with many clinical similarities to epileptic seizure activity. Owners should be made aware of its potential development and care taken to avoid misdiagnosis with epileptic seizure activity.