bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La réforme constitutionnelle et la notion de société distincte
Authors: Duplé Nicole 
Published: March 2019

Depuis l’Accord du lac Meech, la reconnaissance constitutionnelle du Québec comme société distincte dans une disposition interprétative applicable à l’ensemble de la Constitution est au coeur de la problématique de la réforme constitutionnelle. À l’heure actuelle, outre celle de l’Accord, deux autres versions de la clause relative à la société distincte ont été soumises aux gouvernements. Indépendamment des différences de formulation que révèle leur comparaison, un fait demeure constant : la clause ne saurait en aucun cas constituer la source de pouvoirs législatifs supplémentaires pour le Québec et elle n’a qu’un effet marginal dans le contexte de la Charte canadienne. Cet effet, déjà limité, est encore réduit si la Charte doit être interprétée non seulement en tenant compte de la reconnaissance du Québec comme société distincte mais aussi en tenant compte de certains autres principes d’interprétation conçus pour s’appliquer concurremment. Ainsi, l’inclusion de la disposition relative à la société distincte dans une « clause Canada » réduirait les maigres bénéfices juridiques que le Québec pourrait en espérer. Il semble que la principale utilité de la clause s’inscrive dans le domaine de la symbolique constitutionnelle : sa formulation devrait permettre de situer la collectivité québécoise dans le grand ensemble canadien. À cet égard, l’inclusion de la disposition reconnaissant le caractère distinct du Québec dans une « clause Canada » énonçant de nombreuses caractéristiques, très diverses, de la société canadienne, a pour effet de banaliser le fait québécois et de minimiser son importance relative.
Il est clair que le Québec ne saurait se satisfaire d’une reconnaissance de son caractère distinct au sein du Canada qui n’aurait qu’un caractère formel ou presque. Seule une révision du partage des compétences législatives est susceptible de lui donner les moyens concrets de protéger et promouvoir sa spécificité.
HOXC6 promotes migration, invasion and proliferation of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells via modulating expression of genes involved in malignant phenotypes
Authors: Tang Li , Cao Yong , Song Xueqin , Wang Xiaoyan , Li Yan , Yu Minglan , Li Mingying , Liu Xu , Huang Fang , Chen Feng , Wan Haisu 
Published: March 2019

Background
HOXC6 is a member of the HOX gene family. The elevated expression of this gene occurs in prostate and breast cancers. However, the role of HOXC6 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains largely uninvestigated.

Methods
The expression of HOXC6 was examined by immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-time PCR and immunoblotting assays. The lentivirus-mediated expression of HOXC6 was verified at mRNA and protein levels. Wound healing and Matrigel assays were performed to assess the effect of HOXC6 on the migration and invasion of cancer cells. The growth curving, CCK8, and colony formation assays were utilized to access the proliferation capacities. RNA-seq was performed to evaluate the downstream targets of HOXC6. Bioinformatic tool was used to analyze the gene expression.

Results
HOXC6 was highly expressed in ESCC tissues. HOXC6 overexpression promoted the migration, invasion, and proliferation of both Eca109 and TE10 cells. There were 2,155 up-regulated and 759 down-regulated genes in Eca109-HOXC6 cells and 95 up-regulated and 47 down-regulated genes in TE10-HOXC6 cells compared with the results of control. Interestingly, there were only 20 common genes, including 17 up-regulated and three down-regulated genes with similar changes upon HOXC6 transfection in both cell lines. HOXC6 activated several crucial genes implicated in the malignant phenotype of cancer cells.

Discussion
HOXC6 is highly expressed in ESCC and promotes malignant phenotype of ESCC cells. HOXC6 can be used as a new therapeutic target of ESCC.
Fatty liver is a risk factor for liver metastasis in Chinese patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wu Wenyu , Liao Haiyan , Ye Weilin , Li Xi , Zhang Jian , Bu Junguo 
Published: March 2019

Background
The hepatic microenvironment, which may include chronic inflammation and fibrosis, is considered to contribute to the development of liver metastases. Hepatic steatosis (HS) might cause liver inflammation and fibrosis. However, to date, no studies have investigated the impact of HS on liver metastasis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was performed on patients who received NSCLC treatment at two hospitals affiliated with the Southern Medical University from January 2005 to December 2015. The patients were grouped according to the presence of HS. The clinicopathological features of patients between the two groups were compared. The effect of HS on liver metastasis and overall metastasis was evaluated, adjusting for other confounders using Cox regression analyses.

Results
In total, 1,873 patients with NSCLC with no distant metastases were included in this study, and 408 (21.8%) patients were diagnosed with HS (at the time of diagnosis or before diagnosis). Liver metastases occurred in 166 (8.9%) patients. Liver metastasis-free survival was significantly worse in the study (HS) group (hazard ratio (HR) 1.42; (95% CI [1.03–1.96]); P = 0.031). Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that HS was an independent risk factor for liver metastasis (HR 1.43; 95% CI [1.02–2.01]; P = 0.039). However, HS was not associated with overall metastasis of NSCLC (HR 0.99; 95% CI [0.84–1.17]; P = 0.895).

Conclusion
Hepatic steatosis was an independent predictor of liver metastasis from in patients with NSCLC.
Hooked by the WWW: A Study of Social Networking
Authors: Sobejana Noel Palo , Jose Ariel Epan San 
Published: March 2019

Aims: This study was conducted to determine the participants’ experiences and perceptions on the use of SNS. It also looked into how SNS use affects their jobs, personal activities, and studies.
Study Design: This study used the qualitative method. Open-ended questions were constructed to gather participants’ experiences.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted among the Information Technology faculty and students University of Mindanao- Digos College. The study was conducted for one semester.
Methodology: The open-ended questions were distributed among pre-selected participants online. The responses were analyed into themes; discussions were provided.
Results: SNS use does not affect the jobs, tasks, personal activities, and studies of the participants. It is also revealed that SNS use provides happiness and satisfactions to the participants. The participants’ continuous connection with their family members, friends and relatives makes them closer because of SNS. Moreover, participants also build confidence when friends appreciate and affirm their status in the SNS. Further, SNS serves as someone’s blueprint or portfolio which shows his/her achievements. Finally, most participants are not bothered by the spending incurred in connecting the internet as long as they can communicate with their families, relatives, and friends in the SNS.
Conclusion: Addiction to SNS is indirectly insignificant to the perception of the participants because it only provides happiness, develops self-confidence, and boosts reputation. Although they find the cost of connection to SNS not favorable, still they patronized it because it is the only way they can connect with the persons important to them. Thus, someone’s values and orientations influence his/her use of SNS. Moreover, SNS addiction does not depend on someone’s profession.
In vitro Study Anti-proliferative Potential of Algae Extract against Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Maddah Morog R. , Huwait Etimad A. , Al-balawi Abeer Ali , Moselhy Said S. , ALghamdi Maryam A. , Zeyadi Mustafa A. , Al-Malki Abdulrahman L. , Kumosani Taha A. 
Published: March 2019

Background: Oxidative stress is defined as imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant ratio, that lead to oxidative damage of biologically active molecules, finally lead to different disease and initiate carcinogenesis. The drug discovery using natural products as medicinal plants or marine organism still an important target for recent research. This study investigated anticancer activity of algae extract obtained from Red sea at Jeddah.
Materials and Methods: Aqueousand methanol extracts ofDictyotaciliolata(DC) were tested on HCT-116 and HepG2 cell lines using WST-1. Aqueous extract (AEDC) and methanol extract (MEDC) at doses 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1 mg/ml and positive control 0.3% H2O2 at doses 0.5 mg/ml for 24,48 and 72 h (for two cell lines).
Results: AEDC showed the mosteffective antitumor activity against HCT116 and HePG2, the IC50 dose for HCT116 cells was 0.05 mg/ml at 72 h, while for the HePG2 it was 0.01 mg/ml at 72 h. These results showed that HePG2cells was more sensitive to the AEDC. However, IC50 for MEDC were 0.01 mg/ml for HCT116 and 0.05 for HepG2 at 48 Hrs. The algae extracts contain sulfated polysaccharides and different pigments as chlorophylls, carotenoids and phycobiliproteins. These pigments were approved as biological active biomolecules that exert different biological activities as antioxidants, antitumor and rich source of micronutrients. In addition, AEDC or MEDC exert apoptotic activity by increase activity of caspase 3 and 9 in HepG2.
Conclusıon: The antitumor effect of AEDC or MEDC is promising for development of chemotherapeutic agent as effective with no side effects.
A Microfluidic Tumor‐on‐a‐Chip for Assessing Multifunctional Liposomes' Tumor Targeting and Anticancer Efficacy
Authors: Ran Rui , Wang Hao‐Fei , Hou Fei , Liu Yun , Hui Yue , Petrovsky Nikolai , Zhang Fan , Zhao Chun‐Xia 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTwo principal methods for cancer drug testing are widely used, namely, in vitro 2D cell monolayers and in vivo animal models. In vitro 2D culture systems are simple and convenient but are unable to capture the complexity of biological processes. Animal models are costly, time‐consuming, and often fail to replicate human activity. Here a microfluidic tumor‐on‐a‐chip (TOC) model designed for assessing multifunctional liposome cancer targeting and efficacy is presented. The TOC device contains three sets of hemispheric wells with different sizes for tumor spheroid formation and evaluation of liposomes under a controlled flow condition. There is good agreement between time‐elapsed tumor targeting of fluorescent liposomes in the TOC model and in in vivo mouse models. Evaluation of the anticancer efficacy of four PTX‐loaded liposome formulations shows that compared to 2D cell monolayers and 3D tumor spheroid models, the TOC model better predicts the in vivo anticancer efficacy of targeted liposomes. Lastly, the TOC model is used to assess the effects of flow rates and tumor size on treatment outcome. This study demonstrates that the TOC model provides a convenient and powerful platform for rapid and reliable cancer drug evaluation.
Unraveling the Electronic Structures of Neodymium in LiLuF4 Nanocrystals for Ratiometric Temperature Sensing
Authors: Huang Ping , Zheng Wei , Tu Datao , Shang Xiaoying , Zhang Meiran , Li Renfu , Xu Jin , Liu Yan , Chen Xueyuan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractNd3+‐doped near‐infrared (NIR) luminescent nanocrystals (NCs) have shown great promise in various bioapplications. A fundamental understanding of the electronic structures of Nd3+ in NCs is of vital importance for discovering novel Nd3+‐activated luminescent nanoprobes and exploring their new applications. Herein, the electronic structures of Nd3+ in LiLuF4 NCs are unraveled by means of low‐temperature and high‐resolution optical spectroscopy. The photoactive site symmetry of Nd3+ in LiLuF4 NCs and its crystal‐field (CF) transition lines in the NIR region of interest are identified. By taking advantage of the well‐resolved and sharp CF transition lines of Nd3+, the application of LiLuF4:Nd3+ NCs as sensitive NIR‐to‐NIR luminescent nanoprobes for ratiometric detection of cryogenic temperature with a linear range of 77–275 K is demonstrated. These findings reveal the great potential of LiLuF4:Nd3+ NCs in temperature sensing and also lay a foundation for future design of efficient Nd3+‐based luminescent nanoprobes.
Loss potentials based on an ensemble forecast: How likely are winter windstorm losses similar to 1990?
Authors: Walz Michael A. , Leckebusch Gregor C. 
Published: March 2019

In this paper we investigate the feasibility and added value of using the seasonal hindcasts of the ECMWF System 4 as a hazard event set for European winter windstorms damage calculations. The windstorms are identified for every ensemble member and every year by an objective windstorm tracking algorithm. The damages are calculated directly from the obtained wind footprints via the open source natural catastrophe damage model CLIMADA for Germany, the UK, France and Spain and compared to the loss from ERA‐Interim. The results show that the ensembles of losses in System 4 nicely capture the inter‐annual loss variability of the reanalysis. Due to more than 1,500 years of “virtual reality” windstorm data from the hindcasts, the return levels of extreme losses can be estimated fairly accurately. Based on System 4, the losses in the scale of 1990 (January, February, March and December including the prominent windstorm Daria) represent a 20‐year event in Germany whereas they represent a 100‐year event for the UK. Thus, a considerably shorter return period compared to return periods calculated from ERA‐Interim alone.Further we investigate the link between the annual losses and large‐scale drivers derived from mean‐sea‐level‐pressure (MSLP) data in System 4. We can show that within System 4 there is a significant link between increased loss potentials for strongly positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) phases for Germany and the UK as well as a reduced loss potential for Spain. The link between the other analysed indices is weak bar the East Atlantic (EA) pattern index. Thus, if the NAO in System 4 is correct we can assume that the windstorms in System 4 are useable. If this premise is given our study shows that the loss estimates and ultimately the return levels of losses from System 4 can be used in an operational way.
Content, cost, and context: A framework for understanding human signaling systems
Authors: Barker Jessica L. , Power Eleanor A. , Heap Stephen , Puurtinen Mikael , Sosis Richard 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHumans frequently perform extravagant and seemingly costly behaviors, such as widely sharing hunted resources, erecting conspicuous monumental structures, and performing dramatic acts of religious devotion. Evolutionary anthropologists and archeologists have used signaling theory to explain the function of such displays, drawing inspiration from behavioral ecology, economics, and the social sciences. While signaling theory is broadly aimed at explaining honest communication, it has come to be strongly associated with the handicap principle, which proposes that such costly extravagance is in fact an adaptation for signal reliability. Most empirical studies of signaling theory have focused on obviously costly acts, and consequently anthropologists have likely overlooked a wide range of signals that also promote reliable communication. Here, we build on recent developments in signaling theory and animal communication, developing an updated framework that highlights the diversity of signal contents, costs, contexts, and reliability mechanisms present within human signaling systems. By broadening the perspective of signaling theory in human systems, we strive to identify promising areas for further empirical and theoretical work.
Lycopene presence in facial skin corneocytes and sebum and its association with circulating lycopene isomer profile: Effects of age and dietary supplementation
Authors: Petyaev Ivan M. , Pristensky Dmitry V. , Morgunova Elena Y. , Zigangirova Nailya A. , Tsibezov Valeriy V. , Chalyk Natalia E. , Klochkov Victor A. , Blinova Victoria V. , Bogdanova Tatiana M. , Iljin Alexei A. , Sulkovskaya Larisa S. , Chernyshova Marina P. , Lozbiakova Marina V. , Kyle Nigel H. , Bashmakov Yuriy K. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLycopene is a dietary antioxidant known to prevent skin photodamage. This study aimed to examine age‐dependent presence of this carotenoid on the surface of the facial skin and in the serum as well as to measure the same parameters during supplementation with lycopene. Serum samples and samples from facial skin surface were obtained from 60 young (under 25 years old) and 60 middle‐aged (over 50 years old) volunteers. Similar samples were taken from 15 middle‐aged subjects during 4‐week supplementation with lycopene (7 mg/day). Serum lycopene levels and isomer profiles were analyzed by HPLC. Lycopene in desquamated corneocytes and the sebum from facial skin surface was determined using lycopene‐specific fluorescent monoclonal antibodies. The results demonstrated that there was no age‐related difference in serum lycopene levels, but a higher proportion of (all‐E)‐lycopene was detected in the “young” group (37.5% vs 26.2% in the “middle‐aged” group; p < 0.0001). “Young” volunteers also had a higher lycopene level in both corneocytes (p = 0.0071) and the sebum (p = 0.0139) from the skin surface. Supplementation with lycopene resulted in a sharp increase of lycopene concentrations in both serum and skin surface samples. There was also a clear change in the pattern of lycopene isomers in the serum manifested by a significant increase in the proportion of (all‐E)‐lycopene (from 22.1% to 44.0% after supplementation, p < 0.0001). It can be concluded that dietary supplementation with lycopene results in its accumulation in the serum and skin. This process is accompanied by significant changes in the circulating lycopene isomer profile which becomes similar to that typical for young individuals.
Whole transcriptome sequencing reveals a KMT2A‐USP2 fusion in infant acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Ikeda Junji , Shiba Norio , Tsujimoto Shin‐ichi , Yoshida Masanori , Nakabayashi Kazuhiko , Ogata‐Kawata Hiroko , Okamura Kohji , Takeuchi Masanobu , Osumi Tomoo , Tomizawa Daisuke , Hata Kenichiro , Kiyokawa Nobutaka , Ito Shuichi , Kato Motohiro 
Published: March 2019

AbstractInfant acute lymphoblastic leukemia with lysine (K)‐specific methyltransferase 2A (KMT2A) rearrangements usually has a poor prognosis regardless of the fusion partners of KMT2A. However, the prognosis of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with KMT2A rearrangements depends on its translocation partners. We herein report the case of a 9‐month‐old boy with a KMT2A‐USP2 fusion, which required diagnosis by whole transcriptome sequencing after the failure of detection of known translocation partners by conventional screening approaches. As this first report of a patient with AML with a KMT2A‐USP2 fusion illustrates, identification of the partners in all patients with KMT2A‐rearranged AML is critical to elucidate the outcomes associated with specific rearrangements and to develop appropriate treatment strategies. Moreover, development of additional methods to detect specific translocation partners of KMT2A and leukemia‐specific targeting drugs is important to improve further the outcomes of KMT2A‐rearranged AML.
Plant responses to simulated carbon capture and storage (CCS) CO2 pipeline leakage: the effect of soil type
Authors: Lake Janice A. , Lomax Barry H. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCarbon capture and storage (CCS) has been proposed as a bridging technology to enable the transition to an energy system based on renewable sources. Many high CO2‐emitting industries (such as the power industry) are distant from potential carbon storage sites (such as offshore geological reservoirs) and an infrastructure of CO2 transportation must therefore be developed to carry the CO2 to safe storage. As such there is a need to understand the risks involved and the mitigation of potential leaks associated with CCS and dense‐phase CO2 transportation networks. Since 2012 a number of experimental studies have provided a mechanistic understanding of the risks posed to crops as a function of CO2 leakage from CCS infrastructure. However, what remains largely unresolved is the role played by both soil type and soil structure in mitigating and / or enhancing plant stresses. In this study we provide an experimental framework to evaluate these effects. Wheat and beetroot were grown in four different experimental soils to test the effects of specific soil attributes (organic, low pH; organic, open structure; organic, limed; loam, neutral pH) on crop performance when exposed to high levels (∼40%) of CO2 in the soil environment. Comparison between treatment and controls and across the soil types reveals little difference in terms of biomass or plant stress chemistry. From a stakeholder perspective these findings suggest that soil type may play only a minor role in mitigating or amplifying plant stress in response to the unlikely event of a CO2 leak from CCS infrastructure. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mixed‐method evaluation of a community‐wide physical activity program in Launceston, Australia
Authors: Byrne Lucy , Ogden Kathryn , Lee Simone , Ahuja Kiran , Watson Greig , Bauman Adrian , Fell James 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIssue addressedPhysical inactivity is a leading risk factor for disease burden and premature mortality. Interventions to increase physical activity are common, though few examples of multi‐strategy, wide‐scale community programs exist. Active Launceston is a community‐wide program aimed at improving health and well‐being through physical activity. We report on the process evaluation of Active Launceston and changes in community physical activity participation between 2008 and 2015, as a measure of program effectiveness.MethodsMixed‐method evaluation of Active Launceston combined process evaluation—consisting of participant numbers, socio‐demographic characteristics, campaign awareness, focus groups and stakeholder interviews—with impact evaluation consisting of a random‐sample cross‐sectional serial telephone survey.ResultsActive Launceston attracted 11 887 attendees, participating in 30 342 sessions, amounting to 38 088 hours of physical activity between 2008 and 2015. Participant focus groups highlighted benefits including increased engagement in exercise, better health and social connectedness. While telephone surveys found the proportion of people participating in any physical activity in the last 12 months to be similar between the 3 years (2008, 77.7%; 2012, 77.1%; 2015, 73.6%), a higher proportion participated in vigorous physical activity in 2012 and 2015 compared to 2008 (P < 0.01), when adjusting for age and gender differences. A higher proportion also achieved sufficient activity for health in 2015 compared to 2008 (P = 0.01).ConclusionsMixed‐method evaluation suggests Active Launceston is an effective community‐wide program supporting community members to engage in regular physical activity and increase levels of social engagement.So what?This work provides a model for implementing high‐reach, community‐wide interventions that improve physical activity outcomes.