bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to optimally constrain galaxy assembly bias: supplement projected correlation functions with count-in-cells statistics
Authors: Wang Kuan , Mao Yao-Yuan , Zentner Andrew R , van den Bosch Frank C , Lange Johannes U , Schafer Chad M , Villarreal Antonia Sierra , Hearin Andrew P , Campbell Duncan 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Most models for the statistical connection between galaxies and their haloes ignore the possibility that galaxy properties may be correlated with halo properties other than halo mass, a phenomenon known as galaxy assembly bias. And yet, it is known that such correlations can lead to systematic errors in the interpretation of survey data that are analysed using traditional halo occupation models. At present, the degree to which galaxy assembly bias may be present in the real Universe, and the best strategies for constraining it remain uncertain. We study the ability of several observables to constrain galaxy assembly bias from redshift survey data using the decorated halo occupation distribution (dHOD), an empirical model of the galaxy–halo connection that incorporates assembly bias. We cover an expansive set of observables, including the projected two-point correlation function $w$p(rp), the galaxy–galaxy lensing signal ΔΣ(rp), the void probability function VPF(r), the distributions of counts-in-cylinders P(NCIC), and counts-in-annuli P(NCIA), and the distribution of the ratio of counts in cylinders of different sizes P(N2/N5). We find that despite the frequent use of the combination $w$p(rp) + ΔΣ(rp) in interpreting galaxy data, the count statistics, P(NCIC) and P(NCIA), are generally more efficient in constraining galaxy assembly bias when combined with $w$p(rp). Constraints based upon $w$p(rp) and ΔΣ(rp) share common degeneracy directions in the parameter space, while combinations of $w$p(rp) with the count statistics are more complementary. Therefore, we strongly suggest that count statistics should be used to complement the canonical observables in future studies of the galaxy–halo connection.
Predictions for the spatial distribution of the dust continuum emission in $\boldsymbol {1\,\lt\, z\,\lt\, 5}$ star-forming galaxies
Authors: Cochrane R K , Hayward C C , Anglés-Alcázar D , Lotz J , Parsotan T , Ma X , Kereš D , Feldmann R , Faucher-Giguère C A , Hopkins P F 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
We present the first detailed study of the spatially resolved dust continuum emission of simulated galaxies at 1 &lt; z &lt; 5. We run the radiative transfer code skirt on a sample of submillimetre-bright galaxies drawn from the Feedback In Realistic Environments (FIRE) project. These simulated galaxies reach Milky Way masses by z = 2. Our modelling provides predictions for the full rest-frame far-ultraviolet-to-far-infrared spectral energy distributions of these simulated galaxies, as well as 25-pc resolution maps of their emission across the wavelength spectrum. The derived morphologies are notably different in different wavebands, with the same galaxy often appearing clumpy and extended in the far-ultraviolet yet an ordered spiral at far-infrared wavelengths. The observed-frame 870-$\mu$m half-light radii of our FIRE-2 galaxies are ${\sim} 0.5\rm {-}4\, \rm {kpc}$, consistent with existing ALMA observations of galaxies with similarly high redshifts and stellar masses. In both simulated and observed galaxies, the dust continuum emission is generally more compact than the cold gas and the dust mass, but more extended than the stellar component. The most extreme cases of compact dust emission seem to be driven by particularly compact recent star formation, which generates steep dust temperature gradients. Our results confirm that the spatial extent of the dust continuum emission is sensitive to both the dust mass and star formation rate distributions.
ZnO nanoparticles-associated mitochondrial stress-induced apoptosis and G2/M arrest in HaCaT cells: a mechanistic approach
Authors: Vallabani N V Srikanth , Sengupta Souvik , Shukla Ritesh Kumar , Kumar Ashutosh 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) with their wide range of consumer applications in day-to-day life received great attention to evaluate their effects in humans. This study has been attempted to elucidate the DNA damage response mechanism in a dermal model exposed to ZnO NPs through Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM)-mediated ChK1-dependent G2/M arrest. Further, viability parameters and mechanism involved in the cell death with special reference to the consequences arising due to DNA damage were explored. Our study showed that ZnO NPs at concentrations 5 and 10 µg/ml induced significant cytotoxic effect in skin cell line. Moreover, the results confirmed generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induces the cell death by genotoxic insult, leading to mitochondrial membrane depolarisation and cell cycle arrest. Subsequently, ZnO NPs treatment created DNA damage as confirmed via Comet assay (increase in olive tail moment), micronucleus assay (increase in micronucleus formation), double-strand breaks (increase in ATM and Ataxia Telangiectasia and Rad3 related (ATR) expression), DNA fragmentation and cell cycle (G2/M arrest) studies. Finally, marker proteins analysis concluded the mechanistic approach by demonstrating the key marker expressions HMOX1 and HSP60 (for oxidative stress), cytochrome c, APAF1, BAX, Caspase 9, Caspase 3 and decrease in BCL2 (for activating apoptotic pathway), pATM, ATR and γH2AX (for double-strand breaks), DNA-PK (involved in DNA repair) and decrease in cell cycle regulators. In together, our data revealed the mechanism of ROS generation that triggers apoptosis and DNA damage in HaCaT cell lines exposed to ZnO NPs.
Symmetric activity of DNA polymerases at and recruitment of exonuclease ExoR and of PolA to the Bacillus subtilis replication forks
Authors: Hernández-Tamayo Rogelio , Oviedo-Bocanegra Luis M , Fritz Georg , Graumann Peter L 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDNA replication forks are intrinsically asymmetric and may arrest during the cell cycle upon encountering modifications in the DNA. We have studied real time dynamics of three DNA polymerases and an exonuclease at a single molecule level in the bacterium Bacillus subtilis. PolC and DnaE work in a symmetric manner and show similar dwell times. After addition of DNA damage, their static fractions and dwell times decreased, in agreement with increased re-establishment of replication forks. Only a minor fraction of replication forks showed a loss of active polymerases, indicating relatively robust activity during DNA repair. Conversely, PolA, homolog of polymerase I and exonuclease ExoR were rarely present at forks during unperturbed replication but were recruited to replications forks after induction of DNA damage. Protein dynamics of PolA or ExoR were altered in the absence of each other during exponential growth and during DNA repair, indicating overlapping functions. Purified ExoR displayed exonuclease activity and preferentially bound to DNA having 5′ overhangs in vitro. Our analyses support the idea that two replicative DNA polymerases work together at the lagging strand whilst only PolC acts at the leading strand, and that PolA and ExoR perform inducible functions at replication forks during DNA repair.
The effect of adenine protonation on RNA phosphodiester backbone bond cleavage elucidated by deaza-nucleobase modifications and mass spectrometry
Authors: Fuchs Elisabeth , Falschlunger Christoph , Micura Ronald , Breuker Kathrin 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The catalytic strategies of small self-cleaving ribozymes often involve interactions between nucleobases and the ribonucleic acid (RNA) backbone. Here we show that multiply protonated, gaseous RNA has an intrinsic preference for the formation of ionic hydrogen bonds between adenine protonated at N3 and the phosphodiester backbone moiety on its 5′-side that facilitates preferential phosphodiester backbone bond cleavage upon vibrational excitation by low-energy collisionally activated dissociation. Removal of the basic N3 site by deaza-modification of adenine was found to abrogate preferential phosphodiester backbone bond cleavage. No such effects were observed for N1 or N7 of adenine. Importantly, we found that the pH of the solution used for generation of the multiply protonated, gaseous RNA ions by electrospray ionization affects phosphodiester backbone bond cleavage next to adenine, which implies that the protonation patterns in solution are at least in part preserved during and after transfer into the gas phase. Our study suggests that interactions between protonated adenine and phosphodiester moieties of RNA may play a more important mechanistic role in biological processes than considered until now.
DNA nanotechnology approaches for microRNA detection and diagnosis
Authors: Chandrasekaran Arun Richard , Punnoose Jibin Abraham , Zhou Lifeng , Dey Paromita , Dey Bijan K , Halvorsen Ken 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMicroRNAs are involved in the crucial processes of development and diseases and have emerged as a new class of biomarkers. The field of DNA nanotechnology has shown great promise in the creation of novel microRNA biosensors that have utility in lab-based biosensing and potential for disease diagnostics. In this Survey and Summary, we explore and review DNA nanotechnology approaches for microRNA detection, surveying the literature for microRNA detection in three main areas of DNA nanostructures: DNA tetrahedra, DNA origami, and DNA devices and motifs. We take a critical look at the reviewed approaches, advantages and disadvantages of these methods in general, and a critical comparison of specific approaches. We conclude with a brief outlook on the future of DNA nanotechnology in biosensing for microRNA and beyond.
Triangulating Intrusion in Privacy Law
Authors: Bennett Thomas D C 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This article concerns two interrelated, persistent problems for privacy law. The first is the failure of academic scholarship to get adequately to grips with the meaning of privacy. The second is the apparent inability of the English judiciary to resolve the common law lacuna in respect of intrusion-type privacy violations. The two problems are related in that the former is a significant contributor to the latter. Mainstream scholarship has long insisted on pursuing the One True Meaning of privacy, thereby overlooking valid alternative conceptualisations and creating a melange of theories that provides little assistance to judges. However, by adopting a novel, triangulation-based approach to understanding privacy of the sort proposed herein, it is possible to locate points of consensus between these rival theories in respect of particular privacy-violating activities. This consensus can provide the certainty common law judges require for the elaboration of further doctrine in this field.
Unique Far-Lateral Closure Technique: Technical Note
Authors: Scoville Jonathan Perry , Mazur Marcus D , Couldwell William T 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The far-lateral approach is a mainstay in gaining access to the ventrolateral craniocervical junction for tumor removal and the treatment of vascular lesions. It has a reportedly high rate of cerebrospinal fluid leak (up to 20%), which can bring devastating consequences, including meningitis, and may require wound revision associated with a longer hospital stay.

OBJECTIVE
To describe a closure technique employed to close the access corridor provided by the far-lateral approach and present an illustrative case.

METHODS
The far-lateral closure technique employs dural closure, followed by fat buttress, to alleviate dead space and reduce the likelihood of fluid collection and leakage.

RESULTS
This technique has been successfully used by the senior author for more than 14 yr, with a rate of cerebrospinal fluid leak of 2.9%.

CONCLUSION
This unique approach and closure of the far-lateral craniotomy is a reasonable option for the approach to the ventrolateral craniocervical junction. Skull base surgeons can consider the use of this closure technique to ensure watertight closure.
“Reverse Picket Fence” Technique for Clipping of a Large, Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Mascitelli Justin , Gandhi Sirin , Cavallo Claudio , Hardesty Douglas A , Lawton Michael T 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The “picket fence” technique is a clipping technique used for large, wide-neck complex aneurysms not suitable for conventional clipping.
1
With this technique, simple or fenestrated straight clips are stacked side-by-side perpendicular to the neck rather than the conventional parallel placement. In complex aneurysms projecting away from the surgeon, the picket fence technique is impossible. Instead, fenestrated clips are applied in a reverse direction from neck-to-dome, using the blade heels to close the neck. This fenestration tube transmits the bifurcation. This video demonstrates a “reverse picket fence” clipping technique of an incidental, large anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysm in a 52-yr-old woman. Bilaterally adherent A2-anterior cerebral artery (ACA) segments led to abortion of a prior clipping attempt at an outside hospital. After obtaining patient consent, a modified orbitozygomatic craniotomy was performed with gyrus rectus removal. Temporary clips were applied to A1-ACA for freeing the adherent A2-ACA segments from the dome. The aneurysm was clipped using a “reverse picket fence” technique transmitting the A1-A2-A2 bifurcation through the fenestration tube. Bilateral recurrent artery of Heubner was preserved. Indocyanine angiography demonstrated parent vessel patency with complete aneurysm exclusion. Postoperatively, the patient experienced short-term memory loss, which resolved over 6 mo with cognitive rehabilitation. The “reverse picket fence” technique can be considered for large aneurysms directed away from the surgeon, obviating the need for difficult dissection of adherent efferent arteries from aneurysmal sac. Adjusting the heel position of each fenestrated clip in this construct allows the patency of hidden perforators behind the aneurysm to be maintained. Video © Barrow Neurological Institute. Used with permission.
Genetics of psoriasis: a basis for precision medicine
Authors: Ran Delin , Cai Minglong , Zhang Xuejun 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease with a background of polygenic inheritance. Both environmental and genetic factors are involved in the etiology of the disease. In the last two decades, numerous studies have been conducted through linkage analysis, genome-wide association study (GWAS), and direct sequencing to explore the role of genetic variation in disease pathogenesis and progression. To date, &gt;80 psoriasis susceptibility genes have been identified, including HLA-Cw6, IL12B, IL23R, and LCE3B/3C. Some genetic markers have been applied in disease prediction, clinical diagnosis, treatment, and new drug development, which could further explain the pathogenesis of psoriasis and promote the development of precision medicine. This review summarizes related research on genetic variation in psoriasis and explores implications of the findings in clinical application and the promotion of a personalized medicine project.
Interplay between Plant Cell Walls and Jasmonate Production
Authors: Mielke Stefan , Gasperini Debora 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPlant cell walls are sophisticated carbohydrate-rich structures representing the immediate contact surface with the extracellular environment, often serving as the first barrier against biotic and abiotic stresses. Notably, a variety of perturbations in plant cell walls result in upregulated jasmonate (JA) production, a phytohormone with essential roles in defense and growth responses. Hence, cell wall-derived signals can initiate intracellular JA-mediated responses and the elucidation of the underlying signaling pathways could provide novel insights into cell wall maintenance and remodeling, as well as advance our understanding on how is JA biosynthesis initiated. This Mini Review will describe current knowledge about cell wall-derived damage signals and their effects on JA biosynthesis, as well as provide future perspectives.
Regulation of Flowering Time by the RNA-Binding Proteins AtGRP7 and AtGRP8
Authors: Steffen Alexander , Elgner Mareike , Staiger Dorothee 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The timing of floral initiation is a tightly controlled process in plants. The circadian clock regulated glycine-rich RNA-binding protein (RBP) AtGRP7, a known regulator of splicing, was previously shown to regulate flowering time mainly by affecting the MADS-box repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). Loss of AtGRP7 leads to elevated FLC expression and late flowering in the atgrp7-1 mutant. Here, we analyze genetic interactions of AtGRP7 with key regulators of the autonomous and the thermosensory pathway of floral induction. RNA interference- mediated reduction of the level of the paralogous AtGRP8 in atgrp7-1 further delays floral transition compared of with atgrp7-1. AtGRP7 acts in parallel to FCA, FPA and FLK in the branch of the autonomous pathway (AP) comprised of RBPs. It acts in the same branch as FLOWERING LOCUS D, and AtGRP7 loss-of-function mutants show elevated levels of dimethylated lysine 4 of histone H3, a mark for active transcription. In addition to its role in the AP, AtGRP7 acts in the thermosensory pathway of flowering time control by regulating alternative splicing of the floral repressor FLOWERING LOCUS M (FLM). Overexpression of AtGRP7 selectively favors the formation of the repressive isoform FLM-β. Our results suggest that the RBPs AtGRP7 and AtGRP8 influence MADS-Box transcription factors in at least two different pathways of flowering time control. This highlights the importance of RBPs to fine-tune the integration of varying cues into flowering time control and further strengthens the view that the different pathways, although genetically separable, constitute a tightly interwoven network to ensure plant reproductive success under changing environmental conditions.
Uniform Pricing in U.S. Retail Chains*
Authors: DellaVigna Stefano , Gentzkow Matthew 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe show that most U.S. food, drugstore, and mass-merchandise chains charge nearly uniform prices across stores, despite wide variation in consumer demographics and competition. Demand estimates reveal substantial within-chain variation in price elasticities and suggest that the median chain sacrifices ${\$}$16 million of annual profit relative to a benchmark of optimal prices. In contrast, differences in average prices between chains are broadly consistent with the optimal benchmark. We discuss a range of explanations for nearly uniform pricing, highlighting managerial inertia and brand image concerns as mechanisms frequently mentioned by industry participants. Relative to our optimal benchmark, uniform pricing may significantly increase the prices paid by poorer households relative to the rich, dampen the response of prices to local economic shocks, alter the analysis of mergers in antitrust, and shift the incidence of intranational trade costs.
Immunosuppressive B cells expressing PD-1/PD-L1 in solid tumors: a mini review
Authors: Sun X. , Zhang T. , Li M. , Yin L. , Xue J. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Expression of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1/CD279) on T cells and the ligand of PD-1, programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) (CD274/B7-H1) on tumor cells or other immune cells, such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells, are important mechanisms to induce malignant immunosuppression. PD-1/PD-L1 expression on B-cell subsets, as well as their signaling and inhibitory functions in solid tumors will be discussed in this review with the focus on how B cells expressing PD-1/PD-L1 play immunosuppressive roles in tumor progression, aiming to figure out the potential for development of diagnostic tools and new therapies involving this unique group of cells.
IN-SITU GAMMA-RAY SPECTROMETRY FOR RADIOACTIVITY ANALYSIS OF SOIL USING NaI(Tl) AND LaBr3(Ce) DETECTORS
Authors: Lee Jun-Ho , Byun Jong-In 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this study, the full energy peak count rates to radioactivity conversion factors of 3″Ø × 3″ NaI(Tl) and 2″Ø × 2″ LaBr3(Ce) detectors for radioactivity analysis in the soil were determined on site using a semi-empirical method with point-like gamma-ray sources. To validate the conversion factors derived for the detectors, in-situ gamma-ray measurements were performed in wide open fields with almost flat surface and compared with the sampling analysis for the radioactivity of U-series, Th-series, and 40K in the soil. As a result, radioactivity concentrations of 40K, 208Tl and 214Bi by in-situ and laboratory measurements agreed well with each other within 5%, and the MDAs for artificial radionuclides were estimated under the condition of fresh deposition considering a radiation emergency situation.
Factors predicting the severity of dengue in patients with warning signs in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (1986–2012)
Authors: Gonçalves Bianca De Santis , Nogueira Rita Maria Ribeiro , Bispo de Filippis Ana Maria , Horta Marco Aurélio Pereira 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundSince 1981, >12 million cases of dengue have been reported in Brazil. Early prediction of severe dengue with no warning signs is crucial to avoid progression to severe dengue. Here we aimed to identify early markers of dengue severity and characterize dengue infection in patients in Rio de Janeiro.MethodsWe evaluated early severity markers, serotypes, infection status, number of days of illness and viral loads associated with dengue fever in patients from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil through an observational retrospective study (1986–2012). We compared dengue without warning signs and dengue with warning signs/severe dengue (DWWS/SD). Infection status was classified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and viraemia was quantified by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.ResultsThe presence of DWWS/ SD was significantly associated with younger age; patients 13–19 y of age had a significantly greater chance of presenting warning signs. Dengue virus type 3 (DENV3) was more likely to induce DWWS/SD, which was more frequent on days 4–5 of illness.ConclusionsDENV3, 4–5 d of illness and 13–19 y of age were early biomarkers of dengue severity. To our knowledge, this was the first study to analyse the characteristics of dengue severity in the state of Rio de Janeiro over 27 y of epidemics since the introduction of DENV.