bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sequential Maturation of Olfactory Sensory Neurons in the Mature Olfactory Epithelium
Authors: Liberia Teresa , Martin-Lopez Eduardo , Meller Sarah J. , Greer Charles A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe formation of the olfactory nerve and olfactory bulb (OB) glomeruli begins embryonically in mice. However, the development of the olfactory system continues throughout life with the addition of new olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) in the olfactory epithelium (OE). Much attention has been given to the perinatal innervation of the OB by OSN axons, but in the young adult the process of OSN maturation and axon targeting to the OB remains controversial. To address this gap in understanding, we used BrdU to label late-born OSNs in young adult mice at postnatal day 25 (P25-born OSNs) and timed their molecular maturation following basal cell division. We show that OSNs in young adults undergo a sequential molecular development with the expression of GAP 43 (growth-associated protein 43) > AC3 (adenylyl cyclase 3) > OMP (olfactory marker protein), consecutively, in a time frame of ∼8 d. To assess OSN axon development, we implemented anin vivofate-mapping strategy to label P25-born OSNs with ZsGreen. Using sampling intervals of 24 h, we demonstrate the progressive extension of OSN axons in the OE, through the foramen of the cribriform plate, and onto the surface of the OB. OSN axons reached the OB and began to target and robustly innervate specific glomeruli ∼10 d following basal cell division, a time point at which OMP expression becomes evident. Our data demonstrate a sequential process of correlated axon extension and molecular maturation that is similar to that seen in the neonate, but on a slightly longer timescale and with regional differences in the OE.
A PERCEPÇÃO EM EDMUND HUSSERL E EM MAURICE MERLEAU-PONTY
Authors: Bicudo Maria Aparecida Viggiani 
Published: September 2019

Neste artigo apresentamos nossa interpretação de obras de Edmund Husserl e de Maurice Merleau-Ponty lidas sob o enfoque da pergunta "qual o significado que esses autores atribuem à percepção?". Abordamos temas concernentes à constituição do sentido e da realidade mundana; ao desenvolvimento do simbólico; ao estabelecimento da intersubjetividade; à constituição da subjetividade e à unidade corps-propre. Trabalhamos o significado de verdade oferecida como presença e dada por perfis.
Adölesanlarda Kemik Mineral Dansite Ölçüm Sonuçlarının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: KONAK Murat 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackground/Aims:Vitamin
D insufficiency commonly represents in pregnant women, reproductive females and
adolescents as well as in younger children.
30-60 % of maximal body bone mass is composed during puberty so suffering from vitamin D
insufficiency in this stage causes deterioration of bone health in adulthood. In
our study we investigated to evaluate bone mineral density in adolescent school
children. Methods:Study
has been conducted on three different district schools in Erzurum which have
different socioeconomic status. Subjects aged between 13 and 17 from different
socioeconomic status were chosen randomly between April 2008 and October 2008.
None of subjects had medical complaints. Students with chronic diseases or
history of drug use which associated with vitamin D metabolism were excluded.
343 and 246 adolescents were admitted to study in spring and autumn
respectively. Results:198 of
subjects (57.7%) were male and 145(42.3) were female. Average age was 15.44±1.28.
In spring, vitamin D deficiency was detected in 17.7 % and vitamin D insufficiency
was detected in 72% of subjects. At the end of summer these rates were 1.6% and
41.1% respectively. According to the Z score, osteoporosis was detected in
39(11.4%) of the cases at the end of winter and 17(7%) at the end of the
summer. In winter vitamin D insufficiency was 9 times more common in girls than
boys. The most important factors associated with Vitamin D levels were physical
exercise and sunlight exposure durations. There was no significant relevance
detected between vitamin D levels and bone mineral density (BMD). At BMD, in
winter, 11.4 % showed osteoporosis, 20.1 % showed osteopenia and 68.5 % were normal.
Most common complaint was joint and muscle pain in subjects with osteoporozis. Conclusions: In
adolescents who appear healthy and have no significant complaints, 30% decrease
in BMD content and 72% vitamin D deficiency indicate the severity of this
problem. The importance of nutrition, sunbathing and physical activity for
families and adolescents should be explained to prevent diseases such as
Osteoporosis and Vitamin D deficiency which is a serious public health problem.
Agricultural practices and their potential role in mycotoxin contamination of maize and groundnut subsistence farming
Authors: Phokane Sylvia , Flett Bradley C. , Ncube Edson , Rheeder John P. , Rose Lindy J. 
Published: September 2019

Mycotoxigenic fungi are common pathogens of maize and groundnuts; they produce mycotoxins which reduce the yield and quality of these grain crops. Numerous agricultural practices including crop rotation and storage methods have been shown to impact mycotoxin accumulation. Therefore, the farming and storage practices in maize and groundnut subsistence farming systems in Pongola, Vryheid, Jozini, Manguzi and Mbazwana Districts of northern KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) were surveyed to determine their potential role in promoting or mitigating mycotoxin contamination. A questionnaire about agricultural farming practices and storage facilities was presented to 65 subsistence maize and/or groundnut farmers. At least 90% of the farmers surveyed were not aware of mycotoxins and their consequences to animal and human health. The majority of the farmers did not practise crop rotation. However, they practised intercropping and sorted damaged and mouldy grain (maize and groundnuts) before storage. The damaged or mouldy grain was largely used as animal feed, thereby exposing animals to an increased risk of mycotoxicoses. Metal tanks and inqolobane (a type of wooden structure) were identified as the most common storage structures. Harvested homegrown maize was mostly used for the farmers’ own consumption but also sometimes sold to the local community. The implementation of mycotoxin awareness campaigns is necessary, particularly in these districts. The storage facilities used by the subsistence farmers allowed increased moisture and insect invasion. The need for the surveillance of mycotoxins in subsistence-farmed food crops is vital.
Significance:

The main finding of this study is the extent of post-harvest losses and mycotoxin contamination of maize produced by smallholder farmers in South Africa.
We further identify methods to manage the risk of mycotoxin exposure to smallholder farmers and their communities as well as reduce post-harvest losses.
Tip 2 diyabetli bireylerde algılanan semptom düzeyi ile HbA1c ilişkisi
Authors: KARAKOÇ KUMSAR Azime , TAŞKIN YILMAZ Feride , GÜNDOĞDU Seval 
Published: September 2019

Amaç: Çalışma, tip 2 diyabetli bireylerde algılanan semptom ve HbA1c düzeyini belirlemek ve algılanan semptom düzeyinin HbA1c düzeyine etkisini saptamak amacıyla yapılmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı tipteki araştırmaya 165 tip 2 diyabetli birey katılmıştır. Veriler, hasta tanılama formu ve Diyabet Belirtileri Kontrol Listesi Ölçeği ile elde edilmiştir. Bulgular: Bireylerin son dört hafta içerisinde çabuk sinirlenme (%24.2), sık sık idrar çıkma ihtiyacı (%13.9) ve halsizlik (%13.9) semptomlarını aşırı derecede yaşadığı; gözlük takıldığında da geçmeyen bulanık görme (%54.5), dokunulduğunda bacakların diz altında kalan bölgesinde ve ayaklarda farklı bir his duyma (%50.9) ve dikkati toplamada güçlük (%50.3) semptomlarını daha az oranda yaşadıkları; hiperglisemi ve psikoloji/bitkinlik ile ilişkili semptom yükünün yüksek olduğu; oftalmoloji ve nöroloji ile ilişkili semptom yükünün düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir. HbA1c düzeyi %9’un üzerinde olan bireylerin nörolojiye, oftalmolojiye ve hiperglisemiye ilişkin semptom yükünün HbA1c düzeyi %7 ve altında olan bireylere göre daha yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır.Sonuç: Bireylerin algıladıkları semptom düzeyinin düşük olduğu, algılanan semptom düzeyinin HbA1c düzeyini etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Her sağlık kontrolünde diyabetli bireylerin algıladıkları semptom yükünün değerlendirilmesi, etkili diyabet yönetimi için eğitim ve danışmanlık hizmetlerinin devamlılığının sağlanması önerilmektedir.
Comparison of procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, white blood cell and body temperature in the diagnosis of ventriculostomy-associated infection
Authors: ARSLAN Ali , OLGUNER Semih Kıvanç , AÇIK Vedat , İLDAN Faruk , ÖKTEN Ali İhsan 
Published: September 2019

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of neurosurgical procedures on procalcitonin levels and the role of procalcitonin in distinguishing the inflammatory reaction due to surgery and postoperative infection.Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 27 patients with hydrocephalus. Among these patients, 10 patients had ventricular drainage while 17 had ventriculoperitoneal shunt. The changes in the values of procalcitonin, white blood cell count, C-reactive protein and body temperature were examined in the preoperative 1st and during postoperative 7 days. Results: All the patients had statistically significant increase in the body temperature values of the postoperative 1st day compared to preoperative values. C-reactive protein peaked in the postoperative 2nd day and, after that, followed a regular kinetic to show a decrease pattern. C-reactive protein was found to be 3 times higher in the postoperative 5th day compared to the preoperative value. Procalcitonin was found to remain in normal limits in all the patients that did not develop infection while the same was observed to increase in patients with infection.Conclusion: Procalcitonin will be a serious and safer parameter for the follow-up of the systemic complications following surgery upon the conclusions obtained with studies that include a higher number of patients and varying types of operations.
Yoğun bakım hastalarını mekanik ventilasyondan ayırma sürecinde doğa temelli ses terapisinin etkisi
Authors: KURT Tülin , ÇELİK Sevim 
Published: September 2019

Amaç: Araştırma, cerrahi yoğun bakım ünitesinde yatan hastaların mekanik ventilasyondan ayırma sürecinde uygulanan doğa temelli ses terapisinin etkisini incelenmek amacıyla yapıldı.Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu randomize kontrollü deneysel araştırma 64 hasta ile yapıldı. Hastalar deney (n=34) ve kontrol (n=34) grubu olmak üzere ikiye ayrıldı. Ventilatörden ayırmadan önce deney grubundaki gözleri kapatıldı, 30 dakika doğa temelli ses terapisi uygulandı. Her iki uygulama öncesi ve sonrası hastaların arteriyel sistolik ve diyastolik kan basınçları, kalp atım hızları, solunum sayıları, oksijen satürasyonu değerleri, ağrı ve anksiyete düzeyleri karşılaştırıldı. Veriler; kişisel bilgi formu, veri kayıt formu, Yüz Ağrı Skalası, Glaskow Koma Skalası, Modifiye Edilmiş Gülen Yüz Skalası, Richmond Ajitasyon-Sedasyon Skalası ile toplandı. Bulgular: Deney ve kontrol grubundaki hastaların ortalama sistolik ve diyastolik arteriyel kan basınçları, kalp atım hızları ve solunum hızları, uygulama yöntemlerine ve ölçüm zamanlarına göre elde edilen bulguların, klinik ve istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı farklılık gösterdiği belirlendi. Deney grubunun ağrı, ajitasyon ve anksiyete seviyelerinin, kontrol grubuna göre klinik açıdan anlamlı olarak düşük olduğu belirlendi.Sonuç: Bulgularımız, yoğun bakımda yatan cerrahi hastalarını mekanik ventilasyon desteğinden ayırma sürecinde uygulanan doğa temelli ses terapisinin arteriyel kan basıncının, kalp atım hızının ve solunum sayısının normal sınırlarda sürdürülmesinde, ağrı ve anksiyetenin azaltılmasında etkili olduğunu göstermiştir.
ASSESSMENT OF WIND CHARACTERISTICS AND WIND ENERGY POTENTIAL IN WEST BLACK SEA REGION OF TURKEY
Authors: KÖSE Bayram , GUNESER M. Tahir 
Published: September 2019

In this study, wind characteristics
and wind energy potential of seven cities from The West of Black Sea Region in
Turkey were analyzed. The wind data were obtained by National State
Meteorological Service. It was measured at 10 meters’ height in the date range
2010-2014. Weibull probability density function was calculated and estimated
Weibull shape parameter k and scale
parameter c, with the data for those
locations. According to the power calculations of the region, annual mean power
densities of Zonguldak, Bartın, Kastamonu, Bolu, Karabük, Düzce and Sinop were
calculated as 105 W/m2, 37,4 W/m2, 40 W/m2,
27,15 W/m2, 27 W/m2, 26,3 W/m2 and 209 W/m2
at the height of 50 m, respectively. The results show that, the region has not
enough wind energy potential considering investment on wind power energy except
Sinop.
APPLICABILITY OF TIME-DEPENDENT SEISMICITY MODEL FOR EARTHQUAKE OCCURRENCE ALONG THE NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT ZONE
Authors: SAYIL Nilgün Lütfiye 
Published: September 2019

The
applicability of the time-dependent seismicity model was investigated for
earthquakes occurrence along the North Anatolian Fault Zone. This region was
separated into thirteen seismogenic zones by virtue of specific seismological
and geomorphological criteria, and RTIMAP (regional time and magnitude
predictable) model was applied for these zones. The data including in both
instrumental period (Ms ³ 5.5) until the beginning of 2016 and historical
period (Io ³ 9.0 corresponding to Ms ³ 7.0) before 1900 have been used in the study. Interevent times and magnitudes of
mainshocks generated in each zone have predictive properties expressed by the
RTIMAP. For the region considered, the relationship with increasing
slope between the time interval of the events and the magnitude of the
preceding earthquake shows that this model is suitable. On the basis of these equations
and taking into account the formation time and magnitude of the last events in each zone, probabilities to the next main shocks in five decades and the magnitudes
of the next events were estimated.
A BIO-BASED RHEOLOGY MODIFYING AGENT INSPIRED FROM NATURE
Authors: AZİMA Mahzad , BAŞARAN BUNDUR Zeynep 
Published: September 2019

Interaction of microorganisms and building materials, particularly with
concrete and stone, were a main topic of interest for many researchers.
Initially, studies focused on ﻿degradation of concrete by
organic acids, produced by microbial acidification such as microbial induced
corrosion. This was followed by prevention of microorganisms fouling on building
materials. However, the interaction of microorganisms with materials is not
necessarily negative. Recent research in the field shows that microorganisms
can have positive effects on concrete and stone, such as in biological cleaning
and biocalcification, which resulted with stronger and more durable materials.
Further, studies revealed that it was possible to develop smart-cement based
materials that could self-heal microorganisms by leveraging metabolic activity
of microorganisms. Through the development of this so-called smart bio-based
mortar, it became possible to improve the fresh state performance of the mix.
This study focusses on design of a cement-based mortar with improved
rheological properties with use of Bacillus
megaterium (B. megaterium) and
Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) cells. The bacterial cells were directly
incorporated to the mix water and influence of cells on viscosity and yield
strength was evaluated by rheological tests. In addition, the influence of
bacteria dosage, water to cement ratio (w/c), use of superplasticizers and fly
ash on performance of biological VMA were investigated. Our results showed that
the apparent viscosity and yield stress of the cement-paste mix were increased
with the addition of the microorganisms. Moreover, B. megaterium cells were found to be compatible with both fly ash
and superplasticizers however B. subtilis
were only be able to increase the viscosity when they were incorporated with
superplasticizers.
NATURAL LANGUAGE QUESTION ANSWERING SYSTEM OVER LINKED DATA
Authors: KABAKUŞ Abdullah Talha , ÇETİN Aydın 
Published: September 2019

Linked Data project is aimed to give
more details on any subject through the big knowledge bases defined on the web.
In this context, knowledge bases offer endpoint service user interfaces to
query their data. Because of the SPARQL query language limitation of these
knowledge bases, a significant number of web users are unable to benefit from
these services. In this paper, an English natural language question answering
system over Linked Data is proposed in order to eliminate this limitation. The proposed
system's main processes can be listed as follows: (1) Extracting Part-Of-Speech
(POS) tags, (2) pattern extraction &amp; preparing appropriate SPARQL queries,
(3) executing user queries &amp; displaying the results. The features which are
not provided by the endpoint services of knowledge bases such as dynamic
paging, voice search and answer vocalization which make the usage of the proposed system to be possible by the visually-impaired
web users, question-answer caching, social media integration, and live spell
checking are proposed. According to experimental results, the proposed system’s
question answering performance is improved between 2 and 12 times through the
type of natural language question thanks to the question-answer caching
mechanism.
Aneurysmal fibrous histiocytoma
Authors: Irsan Istan Irmansyah , C. J. Huwae Thomas Erwin , Persada Isma Satria Pandu , Santoso Agung Riyanto Budi , Prasojo Hanindya 
Published: September 2019

Aneurysmal fibrous histiocytoma is rare clinicopathological variant of Cutaneous Fibrous Histiocytoma. The clinical manifestation of Aneurysmal Fibrous Histiocytoma is often confusing to distinguish from other skin lesions. Most of the cases showed rapid increase in size or a history of recurrence, however histologically all are almost similar. Rarity of aneurysmal fibrous histiocytoma and high numbers of recurrence rate poses a big diagnostic challenge. Late treatment will result in a decrease until loss of function of the affected region. In this article, author reported the case of aneurysmal fibrous histiocytoma of the hand in 7 years old girl with restricted at 2nd-3rd metacarpophalangeal joints. The patient had undergone a series of investigations until finally a wide excision was carried out. Excision tissue was performed CD 68 and CD 34 immunocytochemical smear to establish the diagnosis. It was not simple to make diagnosis aneurysmal fibrous histiocytoma. While it is benign, the lesion can appear malignant, and one should consider an excisional biopsy to rule out malignant conditions. The diagnosis had to be confirmed by histopathological and performed immunocytochemical smear. It was often necessary to take aggressive actions with wide excision and reconstruction.
Novel synthetic route for growth of gold nanorods via semiconductor procedure
Authors: Elhalawany Noha Ragab , Enders Brian , Bahceci Ersin , Nayfeh Munir 
Published: September 2019

<p>We represent here a novel facile synthesis type route based on semiconductor procedure for growth of gold nanorods GNRs using infinitesimal silicon nanoparticles USSiN. The reaction takes place immediately upon mixing monodispersed hydrogen terminated USSiN of 2.9 nm diameter with auric acid HAuCl4 in presence and in absence of an emulsifier. The resulting colloids have been characterized via scanning electron microscope SEM, Energy dispersive spectrometry EDS and optical microscope OM. Photo-luminesence (PL) measurements have been also carried out. Our results show formation of gold nanorods GNRs, gold nanoplates GNPs, gold nanospheres GNSs and filaments. The formed GNRs have near uniform length of 1.5 µm and diameter of 300 nm (5 aspect ratio). The results are consistent with a seedless process in which the H-terminated silicon nanoparticles act as either the reducing as well as the directional growth agent, eliminating the need for toxic cetyl-trimethyl-ammonium bromide CTAB or, which is typically used as the directional growth agent. </p>
THE POTENTIAL FOR IMPLEMENTING MICROFINANCING FROM THE ZAKAT FUND IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Muhd Adnan Nurul Ilyana , Mohd Kashim Mohd Izhar Ariff , Hamat Zahri , Adnan Hafizuddin Muhd , Adnan Izwah Muhd , Md. Sham Fariza 
Published: September 2019

Issue: The constrains to obtain a capital often involving underprivileged entrepreneurs because it is difficult to get a fund from the financial institutions. From a Muslim entrepreneur's perspective, microfinance that offered is consisting element of riba and it is prohibited in Islam. As we know, the role of zakat is huge in the economy of the Muslims. So, effective zakat distribution system is able to organize and develop society. Especially for Muslim underprivileged entrepreneurs.
Purpose of study: This article aims to analyze first, what is the basis for the establishment of zakat distribution law over the provision of capital through microfinance? Second, is this distribution potentially to be implemented in Malaysia?
Methodology: Qualitative data were obtained from document analysis and interview with zakat expertise in Malaysia.
Main findings: Based on the content analysis on primary data, the findings show that there is a strong legal basis allowing zakat distribution through micro-financing. According to scholars' views in Malaysia, the distribution of zakat through microfinance has the potential to be implemented in Malaysia.
Implications: The distribution of zakat is not limited to self- sufficiency even can be distributed through productive zakat with the provision of initial capital and revolving capital from zakat funds through microfinance. The provision of working capital through microfinance from zakat funds is a long-term goal of zakat.
Novelty/originality: Yet, there is no zakat distribution is done through microfinance in Malaysia. Therefore, the institutions of zakat in Malaysia adopt the Baitul Mal Aceh as a model to apply the granting of working capital in the form of micro-financing which is financed from the funds of zakat. Furthermore, scholars in Malaysia also argued that the distribution of such method has great potential to be implemented in Malaysia.
RESPONSE OF MUSLIM MINORITY TOWARDS THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ARABIC LANGUAGE AND ISLAMIC VALUE EDUCATION PROGRAM IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN THE PHILIPPINES
Authors: Muhamat@Kawangit Razaleigh , Guleng Marlon Pontino , Usman Abur Hamdi 
Published: September 2019

Purpose of the Study: This research aims to identify the response level of Muslim minority towards the implementation of Arabic Language and Islamic Values Education Program in the Philippines. The main problems of Islamic educational system which was regarded as an effective element of Islamization was discouraged and narrowed down to give way to secularized educational system in the country and also, how to preserve Islam in a country where they are a minority but where, nevertheless, the fundamental law of the land provides for a secular government.
Methodology: In this study, quantitative methodology research was applied and the data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows version 21 with a total number of respondents as of 272 people.
Main Findings: The results showed that the total average means a score of the response of Muslim minority towards the implementation of Arabic Language and Islamic Values Education Program was at a moderate level with a value of 3.03. However, majority of the respondents agreed that implementation of Arabic Language and Islamic Value Education program is one of the inward-looking tendencies or deepening process of Islamization in the country.
Implications: The impact of Arabic Language and Islamic Values Education may educate the children to keep them away from any extremism and radicalism acts.