bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexual Ethics and Problematic Consent
Authors: Boonin David 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This book discusses cases where it’s unclear whether a person’s consent to sex should count as valid consent, the kind of consent that makes it permissible for the person they give consent to to have sex with them. Clear cases of coercion, for example, involve the threat of significant physical harm. But what should we say about cases involving the threat of harms that are relatively insignificant or that involve no physical harm at all? Impersonating someone’s spouse to trick them into saying yes to sex is clearly seriously wrong, but what about the more mundane kinds of lies people tell when they’re trying to meet someone? It’s wrong to have sex with someone who says yes when they’re so drunk they’re about to pass out and not wrong if they say yes after having a few sips of beer. What, though, should we say about the more difficult cases in the middle where it’s genuinely unclear whether they’ve had too much to drink? What’s the most reasonable view about other forms of incompetent consent to sex, like those involving young children, elderly dementia patients, or people born with severe and permanent cognitive impairments? And what about cases of problematic sexual consent that don’t involve coercion, deception, or incompetence at all? Can a patient give valid consent to sex with their therapist? Can the offer of a large amount of money in exchange for sex invalidate the sexual consent the offer elicits? This book addresses these and related questions.
Coercion and Sexual Consent
Authors: Boonin David 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses three kinds of case where it’s unclear whether a person’s consent to sex is rendered invalid by coercion. In the first kind of case, one person threatens to inflict a significant non-physical harm on a second person if the second person does not consent to have sex with them (e.g., they threaten to break up with them or to reveal an embarrassing secret about them). The first section of this chapter argues that consent is valid in such cases if and only if the threatened harm is one that it would be permissible for the person to inflict on them. In the second kind of case, one person threatens to inflict an insignificant harm on a second person if the second person does not consent to have sex with them (e.g., a pinch on the arm or a minor inconvenience). The second section of this chapter argues that harms of any magnitude are sufficient to render a threat coercive as long as they’re harms the threatener has no moral right to inflict. In the third kind of case, one person threatens to inflict a significant harm on a second person if the second person does not give consent to a third person to have sex with that third person. The third section of this chapter argues that such third-party coercion from the first person does not invalidate the second person’s consent to have sex with the third person.
Incompetence and Sexual Consent
Authors: Boonin David 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses four kinds of problem cases involving people who are, or who might be, incompetent to give valid consent to sex. The first section addresses intoxicated consent. It argues that the range of cases where it’s not sufficiently clear whether a person is too drunk to competently consent to sex is considerably larger than it might at first seem and that it’s wrong to have sex with someone when they’re intoxicated to such a degree even if they’re probably not too drunk to validly consent. The second section considers dementia and sexual consent. It argues that, under certain conditions, a competently signed sexual advance directive can make it permissible to have sex with someone who has subsequently developed dementia and argues that this position can plausibly be extended to some cases where no such directive was signed. The third section discusses pedophilia. It rejects the argument that says pedophilia is wrong because young children cannot currently give competent consent to sex and instead argues that it’s wrong because they can’t reasonably be expected to give their retroactive consent to it once they become competent adults. The fourth section addresses the case of people who are born with severe and permanent cognitive impairments. It argues, although tentatively, that under certain conditions, the sexual behavior of such people can count as a form of valid consent to sex or can at least play the same role that valid consent to sex plays.
Simplifying acquisition of essential diagnostics: A comprehensive costing tool for anatomic pathology
Authors: LeJeune-Stodieck Analise , Seymour Daniel , Graef Katy , Hategekimana Elisee , Mbarushimana Djibril , Ndayisaba Marie Claire , Pereira de Assis Emilio Augusto Campos , Yeabyo Girogis Okubazgi , Nweke Michael Chukwugozium , Berhane Bereket , Emmanuel Hakizimana , Ruhangaza Deo , Weber Callie , Basu Debby , Landgraf Kenneth , Milner Dan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Histopathology is the core diagnostic tool for cancer in pathology laboratories around the world, but there are disparities in access to diagnostics globally. As recognition of the need for cancer care and treatment grows, especially in the wake of World Health Organization programs for cervical, breast, and pediatric cancers, policymakers and health care funders are seeking tools and processes that allow for the largest number of patients to receive a diagnosis at the lowest cost.

Methods
As histopathology represents the most cost-effective diagnostic method by sheer number of tumor types and volume, understanding the detailed logistics and costs for histology as well as the impactful benefits of economies of scale (ie, larger volumes are less expensive per patient) and scope (ie, the multiple stains available after basic histology sectioning) is paramount to planning an effective publicly funded or government laboratory. Understanding the economic structure of a country’s population along with the financial model of a histology laboratory also leads to a market understanding of private laboratories, which can provide services at a profit as well as pro bono services more cost-effectively than purely public laboratories.

Results
We have developed a comprehensive, scalable costing tool of a functioning histology laboratory that accounts for all feasible costs and variations in models of service. The tool allows for a standardized approach to selecting goods needed to provide histology services and serves as a guide for implementation of pathology services.

Conclusions
Using the tool, laboratories can achieve self-sustainment and long-term financial health while incorporating a proportion of impoverished patients who cannot afford out-of-pocket expenses.
Knowledge and attitudes of patients in underserved communities regarding antibiotic resistance, antibiotic stewardship, and pharmacist involvement in antibiotic prescribing: A regional survey
Authors: Nkemdirim Okere Arinze , Pinto Anthony Ryan , Suther Sandra 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Despite the effectiveness of antibiotic stewardship programs (ASPs) in improving antibiotic prescribing, these are rarely implemented in clinics serving underserved communities. Our objective was to understand patients’ perspectives on the factors that can impact implementation of ASPs and integration of pharmacists in antibiotic prescribing in rural clinics.

Methods
We conducted a survey using both quantitative questions and an open-ended question. To participate, patients had to receive care from a clinic serving low-income or rural communities and provide verbal consent to be included in the study. We analyzed the quantitative component of the data using descriptive statistics. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to examine the relationship between respondents’ knowledge of the prevalence of antibiotic resistance and their attitudes toward ASPs and pharmacist integration in antibiotic prescribing.

Results
Of the 189 respondents who completed a survey, 51.3% were female and 51.3% were Caucasian. In our analysis, over 60% of patients reported knowing their prescribed antibiotics’ names, while less than 30% possessed adequate knowledge of the indication and duration of the prescribed antibiotics. There was a positive correlation between knowledge about antibiotic resistance and being comfortable involving pharmacists in antibiotic prescribing (P &lt; 0.01).

Conclusion
Many patients supported pharmacist involvement in antibiotic prescribing. Understanding patients’ perceived attitudes will facilitate patient-centered, infrastructure-supported interventions by clinicians to improve antibiotic prescribing in the community.
A review of feature selection strategies utilizing graph data structures and Knowledge Graphs
Authors: Shao Sisi , Henrique Ribeiro Pedro , Ramirez Christina M , Moore Jason H 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Feature selection in Knowledge Graphs (KGs) is increasingly utilized in diverse domains, including biomedical research, Natural Language Processing (NLP), and personalized recommendation systems. This paper delves into the methodologies for feature selection (FS) within KGs, emphasizing their roles in enhancing machine learning (ML) model efficacy, hypothesis generation, and interpretability. Through this comprehensive review, we aim to catalyze further innovation in FS for KGs, paving the way for more insightful, efficient, and interpretable analytical models across various domains. Our exploration reveals the critical importance of scalability, accuracy, and interpretability in FS techniques, advocating for the integration of domain knowledge to refine the selection process. We highlight the burgeoning potential of multi-objective optimization and interdisciplinary collaboration in advancing KG FS, underscoring the transformative impact of such methodologies on precision medicine, among other fields. The paper concludes by charting future directions, including the development of scalable, dynamic FS algorithms and the integration of explainable AI principles to foster transparency and trust in KG-driven models.
A multi-task prediction method based on neighborhood structure embedding and signed graph representation learning to infer the relationship between circRNA, miRNA, and cancer
Authors: Huang Lan , Wang Xin-Fei , Wang Yan , Guan Ren-Chu , Sheng Nan , Xie Xu-Ping , Wang Lei , Zhao Zi-qi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Research shows that competing endogenous RNA is widely involved in gene regulation in cells, and identifying the association between circular RNA (circRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and cancer can provide new hope for disease diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. However, affected by reductionism, previous studies regarded the prediction of circRNA-miRNA interaction, circRNA-cancer association, and miRNA-cancer association as separate studies. Currently, few models are capable of simultaneously predicting these three associations.

Results
Inspired by holism, we propose a multi-task prediction method based on neighborhood structure embedding and signed graph representation learning, CMCSG, to infer the relationship between circRNA, miRNA, and cancer. Our method aims to extract feature descriptors of all molecules from the circRNA-miRNA-cancer regulatory network using known types of association information to predict unknown types of molecular associations. Specifically, we first constructed the circRNA-miRNA-cancer association network (CMCN), which is constructed based on the experimentally verified biomedical entity regulatory network; next, we combine topological structure embedding methods to extract feature representations in CMCN from local and global perspectives, and use denoising autoencoder for enhancement; then, combined with balance theory and state theory, molecular features are extracted from the point of social relations through the propagation and aggregation of signed graph attention network; finally, the GBDT classifier is used to predict the association of molecules. The results show that CMCSG can effectively predict the relationship between circRNA, miRNA, and cancer. Additionally, the case studies also demonstrate that CMCSG is capable of accurately identifying biomarkers across various types of cancer. The data and source code can be found at https://github.com/1axin/CMCSG.
A multichannel graph neural network based on multisimilarity modality hypergraph contrastive learning for predicting unknown types of cancer biomarkers
Authors: Wang Xin-Fei , Huang Lan , Wang Yan , Guan Ren-Chu , You Zhu-Hong , Sheng Nan , Xie Xu-Ping , Yang Qi-Xing 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Identifying potential cancer biomarkers is a key task in biomedical research, providing a promising avenue for the diagnosis and treatment of human tumors and cancers. In recent years, several machine learning–based RNA–disease association prediction techniques have emerged. However, they primarily focus on modeling relationships of a single type, overlooking the importance of gaining insights into molecular behaviors from a complete regulatory network perspective and discovering biomarkers of unknown types. Furthermore, effectively handling local and global topological structural information of nodes in biological molecular regulatory graphs remains a challenge to improving biomarker prediction performance. To address these limitations, we propose a multichannel graph neural network based on multisimilarity modality hypergraph contrastive learning (MML-MGNN) for predicting unknown types of cancer biomarkers. MML-MGNN leverages multisimilarity modality hypergraph contrastive learning to delve into local associations in the regulatory network, learning diverse insights into the topological structures of multiple types of similarities, and then globally modeling the multisimilarity modalities through a multichannel graph autoencoder. By combining representations obtained from local-level associations and global-level regulatory graphs, MML-MGNN can acquire molecular feature descriptors benefiting from multitype association properties and the complete regulatory network. Experimental results on predicting three different types of cancer biomarkers demonstrate the outstanding performance of MML-MGNN. Furthermore, a case study on gastric cancer underscores the outstanding ability of MML-MGNN to gain deeper insights into molecular mechanisms in regulatory networks and prominent potential in cancer biomarker prediction.
Advancing terrestrial ecology by improving cross-temporal research and collaboration
Authors: Azevedo-Schmidt Lauren , Landrum Madeleine , Spoth Meghan M , Brocchini Nikhil R , Hamley Kit M , Mereghetti Alessandro , Tirrell Andrea J , Gill Jacquelyn L 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Ecology spans spatial and temporal scales and is inclusive of the history of life on Earth. However, research that occurs at millennial timescales or longer has historically been defined as paleoecology and has not always been well integrated with modern (neo-) ecology. This bifurcation has been previously highlighted, with calls for improved engagement among the subdisciplines, but their priority research areas have not been directly compared. To characterize the research agendas for terrestrial ecological research across different temporal scales, we compared two previous studies, Sutherland and colleagues (2013; neoecology) and Seddon and colleagues (2014; paleoecology), that outlined priority research questions. We identified several themes with potential for temporal integration and explored case studies that highlight cross-temporal collaboration. Finally, a path forward is outlined, focusing on education and training, research infrastructure, and collaboration. Our aim is to improve our understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes by promoting an inclusive and integrative approach that treats time as a foundational concept in ecology.
Automatic solar tracking system: a review pertaining to advancements and challenges in the current scenario
Authors: Paliyal Paramjeet Singh , Mondal Surajit , Layek Samar , Kuchhal Piyush , Pandey Jitendra Kumar 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
An automatic solar tracking system is an approach for optimizing the generation of solar power and modifying the angles and direction of a solar panel by considering changes in the position and path of the sun. The performance status of an automatic solar tracking system depends on various factors, including its design, location, and maintenance or repairs. The solar energy from the sun that the Earth intercepts is approximately 1.8 × 1011 MW, which is thousands of times greater than the intensity at which the Earth now uses all other commercially available energy sources combined. Currently, research into automatic solar trackers is on the rise, as solar energy is abundant in nature, but its use in a highly efficient way is still lacking. This paper provides a detailed literature review and highlights some key advancements and challenges associated with state-of-the-art automatic solar tracking systems. The performance of the dual-axis photovoltaic tracking system outperforms that of the stationary systems by more than 27% based on the overall system efficiency. Under diverse weather conditions, the efficiency of the scheduled-based solar tracking systems was enhanced by 4.2% compared with that of the light-dependent resistor-based solar trackers.
Efficacy and Safety of Systematic Corticosteroids Treatment Among HIV-Positive Patients With Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Pu Jiaqi , Wu Shouquan , He Jian-Qing 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The efficacy and safety of corticosteroids in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) remain controversial.

Method
PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Database were searched on 19 September 2024. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, whereas secondary outcomes included serious adverse events. A random-effects model calculated risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results
Seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 1410 HIV-positive TB patients were included. Corticosteroid use did not significantly reduce all-cause mortality (RR = 0.91, 95% CI: .79–1.04, P = .17) and did not significantly increase serious adverse events (RR = 0.96, 95% CI: .82–1.13, P = .63).

Conclusions
This meta-analysis of 7 RCTs involving 1410 HIV-positive TB patients found that corticosteroid treatment neither significantly reduced all-cause mortality nor increased serious adverse events. Furthermore, large-scale RCTs with extended follow-up are needed to explore potential benefits in subgroups, optimize treatment protocols, and inform clinical guidelines.
A novel ‘stop-hole’ strategy to extend the fatigue life of orthodontic thermoformed retainers: an in vitro study
Authors: Son Jae Sik , Wojcik Adam , Noar Joseph 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the potential to limit crack propagation in thermoformed retainers (TRs) and extend their fatigue life by placing a ‘stop-hole’.

Methods
Thirty-two TRs, fabricated from 1 mm thick, round polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) blanks of ICONIC®, underwent testing within a custom-built fatigue tester. After initial crack growth of 3 mm, the TRs were divided into three groups: a control group (C) and two experimental groups based on the stop-hole placement method. In the first experimental group, stop-holes were placed using a 1 mm round carbide bur on a slow-speed handpiece (ES), while the second group utilized a heated 1-mm-width ball-ended CPITN probe (EH). Following the placement of a stop-hole at the crack-tip, all 32 TRs resumed testing until the final crack length of 10 mm was reached.

Results
Stop-hole placement significantly prolonged the delay in crack re-initiation in both experimental groups compared to the control group (P &lt; .001 for both). The mean re-initiation times for the ES and EH groups were 104.50 and 129.50 min, respectively, whereas the control group was 28.94 min. Consequently, this discrepancy was reflected in the total testing times, with both experimental groups requiring significantly longer time to reach the final crack length (P &lt; .001). There was no significant difference in the testing times between the two experimental groups.

Limitations
This is an in vitro study.

Conclusions
The stop-hole methodology significantly extended the fatigue life of a TR in a controlled laboratory environment.
The spatial overlap between risk of intimate partner violence against women and suicide-related emergency calls
Authors: Montagud-Andrés María , Marco Miriam , López-Quílez Antonio , Escobar-Hernández Pablo , Lila Marisol , Gracia Enrique 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) is a global problem, and suicidal behaviour is one of its most serious consequences. However, no study has investigated the spatial overlap between the two. The aim of this paper is to analyse whether there is spatial overlap between IPVAW and suicide-related calls in the same neighbourhoods, and to identify common risk factors. Geocoded data on IPVAW (N = 2060) and suicide-related calls (N = 4916) from the city of Valencia, Spain, between 2019 and 2021 were collected from the 112 emergency service and the Spanish National Police Corps. We used two analytical approaches: (i) a Bayesian spatial Poisson regression modelling analysis to identify the risk factors associated with IPVAW and suicide-related calls; (ii) Bayesian joint spatial modelling to examine the common spatial distribution of these outcomes. Relative risk maps are also displayed and analysed. The study revealed a higher incidence of IPVAW and suicide-related calls in neighbourhoods with lower income and population density, and greater residential instability and immigrant concentration. There was a 70% similarity between high- and low-risk areas for these incidents, with a moderate positive correlation of 0.43. Notably, 98% of IPVAW risk variance was explained by shared factors, while 30% applied to suicide-related calls; high IPVAW risk was also found in peripheral areas, while suicide-related calls were concentrated in the city centre. The findings highlight the need to identify areas with shared risk and neighbourhood characteristics for the development of more effective intervention strategies.