bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The population structure and parasitic relationships of oyster (Crassostrea angulata), Arcotheres sinensis (Pinnotheridae), and Rhopalione sinensis (Bopyridae) at the oyster reefs of western Taiwan
Authors: Kuo Ai-Ling , Lin Feng-Jiau , Hsu Jung-Ting , Chan Yi-Shin , Ueng Yih-Tsong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study examined the relationships among hosts, parasites, and hyperparasites of oyster farming on the west coast of Taiwan from June 2012 to August 2013. In a region of Taisi (Taiwan), which was composed of near coast and far coast racks, a total of 77 155 oysters were collected. Among them, 1166 oysters were parasitized by pea crabs, with the rate of parasitism of oysters by the pea crab,Arcotheres sinensis(Shen, 1932) being 1.51%. A total 1523 pea crabs were collected with a sex ratio of females to males of 1.03 : 1. A total of 285 bopyrid isopod parasitesRhopalione sinensisMarkham, 1990 were collected from the pea crabs. The hyperparasitic rate of female pea crabs was 22.1%, and the sex ratio of female to male isopods was 1.16 : 1. Most of the pea crabs entered their hosts when the crabs were small, which allowed them to grow within the host.
Variability in fecundity of the brown crab, Callinectes bellicosus Stimpson, 1859 (Brachyura, Portunidae), along the coast of Sonora
Authors: Rodríguez-Félix Demetrio , Cisneros-Mata Miguel A. , Guevara-Aguirre Daniel , Aragón-Noriega E. Alberto , Alcántara-Razo Edgar 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This work analyses how the fecundity of the brown swimming crab, Callinectes bellicosus, varies along the coast of Sonora in the Gulf of California. Ripe female crabs were collected during May 2015 in four zones, and fecundity was determined and compared with carapace width (CW), total body weight (TW) and egg mass weight (MW). TW ranged between 100.5 g and 209.8 g (average = 158.2 g, coefficient of variation (CV) = 23.4%); CW ranged from 97.9 mm to 123.6 mm (average = 113.4 mm, CV = 8.3%); MW varied from 16.4 g to 34.1 g (average = 25.3 g, CV = 20.4%). The total fecundity (number of eggs per female) of C. bellicosus varied from 1 769 195 to 3 739 254 (average = 2 730 217, CV = 22.2%); partial fecundity (number of eggs per g of egg mass) ranged from 100 422 to 117 130 (average = 107 721, CV = 5.1%). A general north-south decrease in fecundity was observed, although the least fecund females were found in central Sonora (Kino Bay). The most significant linear correlation was found between total fecundity vs. egg mass weight. Total fecundity was better explained by a Von Bertalanffy model, with a maximum average fecundity of 3.7 million eggs for a female of 230 g total weight.
Variability and Mixing of the Filchner Overflow Plume on the Continental Slope, Weddell Sea
Authors: Daae K. , Fer I. , Darelius E. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA large fraction of Antarctic Bottom Water is produced in the Weddell Sea, through mixing between the cold and dense shelf water masses and the warm and saline off-shelf water. We present observations of the dense Filchner overflow plume from one mooring at the Filchner sill and two moorings located downstream, on the continental slope. The plume variability over the continental slope at a monthly time scale is related to upstream conditions at the Filchner sill, with a high correlation in density. Revised column-integrated volume transport calculations across the Filchner sill indicate 50% higher values in 2010 compared with the earlier estimates available from 1985. Over the continental slope, the plume thickness fluctuates strongly between less than 25 m and more than 250 m. Observations of elevated temperature variance and high Froude numbers at the plume interface imply high mixing rates and entrainment of ambient water masses. The mixing events typically coincide with shear spikes across the plume. The shear spikes appear quasi-periodically, when counterrotating oscillations with periods of 24 and 72 h align. The clockwise 24-h oscillation is related to diurnal, barotropic tidal currents and topographic vorticity waves, whereas the counterclockwise 72-h oscillation is related to vortex stretching or topographic vorticity waves.
A Critical Reappraisal of Primary and Recurrent Advanced Laryngeal Cancer Staging
Authors: Locatello Luca Giovanni , Pietragalla Michele , Taverna Cecilia , Bonasera Luigi , Massi Daniela , Mannelli Giuditta 
Published: October 2018

Objectives: Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) can involve different anatomic subunits with peculiar surgical and prognostic implications. Despite conflicting outcomes for the same stage of disease, the current staging system considers different lesions in a single cluster. The aim of this study was to critically discuss clinical and pathologic staging of primary and recurrent advanced LSCC in order to define current staging pitfalls that impede a precise and tailored treatment strategy. Methods: Thirty patients who underwent total laryngectomy in the past 3 years for primary and recurrent advanced squamous cell LSCC were analyzed, comparing endoscopic, imaging, and pathologic findings. Involvement of the different laryngeal subunits, vocal-fold motility, and spreading pattern of the tumor were blindly analyzed. The diagnostic accuracy and differences between clinicoradiologic and pathologic findings were studied with standard statistical analysis. Results: Discordant staging was performed in 10% of patients, and thyroid and arytenoid cartilage were the major diagnostic pitfalls. Microscopic arytenoid involvement was significantly more present in case of vocal-fold fixation ( P = .028). Upstaging was influenced by paraglottic and pre-epiglottic space cancer involvement, posterior commissure, subglottic region, arytenoid cartilage, and penetration of thyroid cartilage; on the contrary, involvement of the inner cortex or extralaryngeal spread tended to be down-staged. Radiation-failed tumors less frequently involved the posterior third of the paraglottic space ( P = .022) and showed a significantly worse pattern of invasion ( P < .001). Conclusions: Even with the most recent technologies, 1 in 10 patients with advanced LSCC in this case series was differently staged on clinical examination, with cartilage involvement representing the main diagnostic pitfall.
Evaluation of Vertical Semicircular Canal Function in Patients With Vestibular Schwannoma
Authors: Fujiwara Keishi , Yanagi Hiroko , Morita Shinya , Hoshino Kimiko , Fukuda Atsushi , Nakamaru Yuji , Homma Akihiro 
Published: October 2018

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate vertical semicircular canal function in patients with vestibular schwannoma (VS) by video head impulse test (vHIT). Methods: Fifteen patients with VS who had not received any treatment, including surgery or stereotactic radiotherapy, before vHIT examination were enrolled. Vestibulo-ocular reflex gain and catch-up saccade in vHIT were evaluated. Results: Dysfunction of anterior and posterior semicircular canals was detected by vHIT in 26.7% and 60.0%, respectively. Six patients (40.0%) demonstrated abnormalities referable to both vestibular nerve divisions. Abnormalities referable to the superior vestibular nerve were identified in 3 patients (20.0%), while 3 patients (20.0%) demonstrated a pattern indicative of inferior vestibular nerve involvement. Anterior semicircular canal vHIT produced fewer abnormalities than did either horizontal or posterior semicircular canal vHIT. Conclusions: Dysfunction of the semicircular canals, including the vertical canals, in patients with VS was detected by vHIT. The anterior semicircular canal was less frequently involved than the horizontal or posterior semicircular canal. The examination of the vertical canals by vHIT is useful in the evaluation of vestibular function in patients with VS.
Indocyanine green can stand alone in detecting sentinel lymph nodes in cervical cancer
Authors: Ulain Qurat , Han Lu , Wu Qian , Zhao Lanbo , Wang Qi , Tuo Xiaoqian , Wang Yiran , Wang Qing , Ma Sijia , Sun Chao , Song Qing , Li Qiling 
Published: October 2018

Objectives The effectiveness of indocyanine green (ICG) dye for detecting sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in cervical cancer compared with other tracers is unknown. This study aimed to assess the validity of ICG dye in detecting SLNs in cervical cancer preoperatively. Methods We performed a literature search for identifying eligible articles from PubMed database using the search terms “cervical cancer”, “sentinel lymph node”, “indocyanine green”, “blue dyes”, “human serum albumin”, and “technetium-99 radiocolloid”. We performed a meta-analysis. Comparison of the overall, bilateral, and unilateral detection rates of the different tracers was the primary goal. Comparison of the false-negative rate among the tracers was the secondary goal. Results Only eight retrospective studies including 661 patients were included. ICG versus combinations of three other tracers showed significantly higher bilateral and unilateral detection rates, but no difference in the overall rate of detecting SLNs. ICG had a higher bilateral detection rate than blue dye and technetium-99. Absorbing human serum albumin into ICG as a lymphatic tracer did not show a difference in detection rate compared with ICG alone. Conclusions ICG is superior and better than other tracers, and absorbing human serum albumin as a lymphatic tracer is not required in patients with cervical cancer.
Does the Use of Psychotropic Medication Adversely Affect the Outcomes of Hip Arthroscopy?
Authors: Youlo Sylvester T. , Walczak Brian E. , Keene James S. 
Published: October 2018

Background: Over the past decade, the use of psychotropic medications (PTMs) in the United States has doubled, and currently 20% of adults are taking 1 or more of these antidepressant, antianxiety, antipsychotic, or mood-altering medications. To date, however, the incidence of PTM use in patients undergoing hip arthroscopy and the results of hip arthroscopy in these patients have not been reported. Purpose: To determine the prevalence of PTM use in patients undergoing hip arthroscopy and to compare the outcomes of patients taking PTMs versus those of patients not taking PTMs. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Medical records of 880 consecutive patients who underwent hip arthroscopy performed by the senior author were reviewed and data were collected, including the number and types of PTMs that these patients were taking at the time of their hip arthroscopy. All hips were assessed with the Byrd modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) preoperatively; 709 patients (81%) had scores obtained at 12 months and 669 patients (76%) at 24 months after surgery. Demographic data and mHHS of patients taking psychotropic medications (PTM group) were compared with those of patients not taking PTMs (NPTM group). Results: Four hundred twenty-two (48%) of the 880 patients studied were taking PTMs at the time of their hip arthroscopy; significant differences between the PTM and NPTM groups were average age (48 vs 35 years, respectively), and the high percentage of females (53%) and low percentage of males (38%) in the PTM group. Preoperative scores for the PTM and NPTM groups were similar (41 vs 42 points, respectively), but postoperative scores of the PTM group were significantly lower at 6 months (72 vs 89 points), 12 months (77 vs 91 points), and 24 months (79 vs 88 points) after surgery ( P = .01). In contrast, the scores of the subgroups of PTM and NPTM adolescents obtained at 3 months (92.5 vs 88.9 points), 6 months (92.1 vs 90.3 points), 12 months (89.5 vs 92.1 points), and 24 months (90.3 vs 90.1 points) after surgery did not significantly differ. Conclusion: The incidence of PTM use in this series of patients with hip arthroscopy was triple that reported for US adults (48% vs 17%, respectively) and adolescents (23% vs 6.3%), and the PTM group had significantly lower 12- and 24-month mHHS results than the NPTM group. These results suggest that (1) patients undergoing hip arthroscopy who are taking PTMs are at significantly higher risk for poor outcomes and (2) their use of PTMs should be identified and addressed before proceeding with hip arthroscopy.
Effects of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficiency on Tibiofemoral Cartilage Thickness and Strains in Response to Hopping
Authors: Sutter E. Grant , Liu Betty , Utturkar Gangadhar M. , Widmyer Margaret R. , Spritzer Charles E. , Cutcliffe Hattie C. , Englander Zoë A. , Goode Adam P. , Garrett William E. , DeFrate Louis E. 
Published: October 2018

Background: Changes in knee kinematics after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury may alter loading of the cartilage and thus affect its homeostasis, potentially leading to the development of posttraumatic osteoarthritis. However, there are limited in vivo data to characterize local changes in cartilage thickness and strain in response to dynamic activity among patients with ACL deficiency. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose was to compare in vivo tibiofemoral cartilage thickness and cartilage strain resulting from dynamic activity between ACL-deficient and intact contralateral knees. It was hypothesized that ACL-deficient knees would show localized reductions in cartilage thickness and elevated cartilage strains. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Magnetic resonance images were obtained before and after single-legged hopping on injured and uninjured knees among 8 patients with unilateral ACL rupture. Three-dimensional models of the bones and articular surfaces were created from the pre- and postactivity scans. The pre- and postactivity models were registered to each other, and cartilage strain (defined as the normalized difference in cartilage thickness pre- and postactivity) was calculated in regions across the tibial plateau, femoral condyles, and femoral cartilage adjacent to the medial intercondylar notch. These measurements were compared between ACL-deficient and intact knees. Differences in cartilage thickness and strain between knees were tested with multiple analysis of variance models with alpha set at P < .05. Results: Compressive strain in the intercondylar notch was elevated in the ACL-deficient knee relative to the uninjured knee. Furthermore, cartilage in the intercondylar notch and adjacent medial tibia was significantly thinner before activity in the ACL-deficient knee versus the intact knee. In these 2 regions, thinning was significantly influenced by time since injury, with patients with more chronic ACL deficiency (>1 year since injury) experiencing greater thinning. Conclusion: Among patients with ACL deficiency, the medial femoral condyle adjacent to the intercondylar notch in the ACL-deficient knee exhibited elevated cartilage strain and loss of cartilage thickness, particularly with longer time from injury. It is hypothesized that these changes may be related to posttraumatic osteoarthritis development. Clinical Relevance: This study suggests that altered mechanical loading is related to localized cartilage thinning after ACL injury.
Implementation and evaluation of high-dose methotrexate administration guidelines
Authors: Nowak Thomas J , Lorge Aaron H , Rein Lisa E , Canadeo Angela M , Frank Joel P , Samanas Lisa C , Urmanski Angela M , Atallah Ehab L 
Published: October 2018

Background High-dose methotrexate is used to treat a variety of malignancies. Methotrexate-associated supportive care and the threshold methotrexate level for the discontinuation of supportive care are not consistent among studies. We evaluated the implementation of high-dose methotrexate administration guidelines, which raised the standard threshold methotrexate level for the discontinuation of supportive care from <0.05 to <0.1 µmol. Methods A single-center, observational analysis of patients receiving high-dose methotrexate from 1 January 2015 to 31 May 2017 was conducted. The primary endpoint was time from the start of the methotrexate infusion until the discontinuation of the sodium bicarbonate infusion, before and after guideline implementation. Results Fifty-two patients met the inclusion criteria, which comprised of a total of 136 individual methotrexate doses and were included in the retrospective analysis. Twenty-four patients were included in the prospective analysis, which comprised a total of 46 individual methotrexate doses. The primary endpoint, time until discontinuation of the sodium bicarbonate infusion, was a median of 97.7 h in the retrospective group versus 73.2 h in the prospective group (p = 0.098). Secondary endpoints also favored patients in the prospective group, including hours of hospitalization, number of methotrexate levels checked, weight gained during admission, and adherence to the guideline. Conclusion Among patients who received high-dose methotrexate, implementation of a guideline using a methotrexate threshold of <0.1 µmol was able to significantly decrease the time to discontinuation of supportive care and subsequently may lead to early hospital discharge given that we did not show a statistical significance.
Alcohol policies and attitudes toward alcohol prevention at Swedish student unions
Authors: Strandberg Anna K. , Elgán Tobias H. , Jägerskog Magnus , Gripenberg Johanna 
Published: October 2018

Aims: High alcohol consumption among young adults is of great concern. About half of all young adults in Sweden are university students, and high alcohol consumption is common in this group. This makes student unions a potential arena for alcohol prevention. Little is known about attitudes toward alcohol prevention and to what extent Swedish student unions have written alcohol policies. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether student union representatives consider alcohol to be a problem, their attitudes toward alcohol prevention, the presence of written alcohol policies at student unions, and factors possibly associated with the existence of such policies. Methods: During November 2014, student union representatives ( n = 95) were invited to participate in a web-based questionnaire; data were obtained from 78 unions. Results: The majority (93%) reported positive attitudes toward alcohol prevention, and many also recognised that alcohol consumption could be a problem (47%). Furthermore, 81% reported having an alcohol policy at their student union. Unions that frequently arranged pubs were more likely to have a policy ( OR = 1.9). Conclusions: Many participants recognised that alcohol consumption could be a problem and reported positive attitudes toward alcohol prevention in the student union setting. This, together with the fact that the majority of student unions had written alcohol policies, suggests that the student union setting is a promising arena for alcohol prevention.
Contemporary Management of Acute Mesenteric Ischemia in the Endovascular Era
Authors: Lim Sungho , Halandras Pegge M. , Bechara Carlos , Aulivola Bernadette , Crisostomo Paul 
Published: October 2018

Objective: Acute mesenteric ischemia is a rare disease entity associated with high morbidity and mortality. Disparate etiologies and nonspecific symptoms make the diagnosis challenging and often result in delayed diagnosis and intervention. Open laparotomy with mesenteric revascularization and resection of necrotic bowel has been considered the gold standard of care. With recent advances in percutaneous catheter-directed techniques, multiple retrospective studies have demonstrated the outcomes of endovascular therapy. Herein, we review the etiology, presentation, and diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia with contemporary outcomes associated with both open and endovascular treatments. Methods: The PubMed electronic database was queried in the English language using the search words mesenteric, acute ischemia, embolism, thromboembolism, thrombosis, revascularization, and endovascular in various combinations. Abstracts of the relevant titles were examined to confirm their relevance and the full articles then extracted. References from extracted articles were checked for any additional relevant articles. This systematic review encompassed literature for the past 5 years (between 2011 and 2016). Results: Early diagnosis and intervention improves acute mesenteric ischemia outcomes. Early restoration of mesenteric flow minimizes morbidity and mortality. In comparison to open laparotomy with mesenteric revascularization and resection of necrotic bowel, several retrospective studies using administrative data and single-center chart reviews demonstrate noninferior outcomes of an endovascular first approach in acute arterial mesenteric occlusion. Conclusions: For acute mesenteric arterial occlusive disease, both endovascular and open revascularization techniques are viable options. Although there is lack of level 1 evidence, single-center retrospective studies and administrative database studies demonstrated that an endovascular first approach may have improved outcomes in the immediate postoperative period. However, selection and other bias in these studies necessitate the need for definitive randomized prospective studies between endovascular and open mesenteric intervention. In contrast, mesenteric venous thrombosis may be treated with systemic anticoagulation without surgical revascularization. Catheter-directed thrombectomy and thrombolysis can be considered at the discretion of the clinician.
Successful therapy with rituximab in three patients with probable neurosarcoidosis
Authors: Zella Samis , Kneiphof Janina , Haghikia Aiden , Gold Ralf , Woitalla Dirk , Thöne Jan 
Published: October 2018

Background: Neurosarcoidosis occurs in about 5–15% of patients with sarcoidosis. Therapy with corticosteroids is generally accepted as the first-line medication, followed by various immunomodulating and cytotoxic agents or combined therapy. However, some patients show an unsatisfactory outcome or have adverse events and require novel treatment strategies. Methods: We describe three patients with systemic sarcoidosis and central nervous system involvement who received CD20-targeted B-cell depletion with rituximab. Results: Treatment with rituximab was well tolerated and followed by marked remission in patients nonresponsive to other immunosuppressive agents. Conclusion: Rituximab may be used for patients with neurosarcoidosis who are nonresponsive to established treatment regimes.
Outcomes of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided biliary drainage: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hedjoudje A , Sportes A , Grabar S , Zhang A , Koch S , Vuitton L , Prat F 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundSuccess and event rates of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)‐guided biliary drainage vary with techniques, and results from different studies remain inconsistent.ObjectiveWe conducted a proportion meta‐analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of EUS‐guided biliary drainage and compare the outcomes of current procedures.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane and Web of knowledge to identify studies reporting technical success, clinical success and complication rates of EUS‐guided biliary drainage techniques to estimate their clinical and technical efficacy and safety.ResultsWe identified 17 studies including a total of 686 patients. The overall clinical success and technical success rates were respectively 84% confidence interval (CI) 95% (80–88) and 96% CI 95% (93–98) for hepaticogastrostomy, and respectively 87% CI 95% (82–91) and 95% CI 95 (91–97) for choledochoduodenostomy. Reported adverse event rates were significantly higher (p = 0.01) for hepaticogastrostomy (29% CI 95% (24–34)) compared to choledochoduodenostomy (20% CI 95% (16–25)). Compared with hepaticogastrostomy, the pooled odds ratio for the complication rate of choledochoduodenostomy was 2.01 (1.25; 3.24) (p = 0.0042), suggesting that choledochoduodenostomy might be safer than hepaticogastrostomy.ConclusionThe available literature suggests choledochoduodenostomy may be a safer approach compared to hepaticogastrostomy. Randomized controlled trials with sufficiently large cohorts are needed to compare techniques and confirm these findings.