bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical features and radiological characteristics of pulmonary cryptococcosis
Authors: Deng Hui , Zhang Jie , Li Jia , Wang Dongxu , Pan Lei , Xue Xinying 
Published: May 2018

Objective Diagnosis of pulmonary cryptococcosis is difficult. In this study, we examined the clinical and radiological features that increase the diagnostic accuracy for pulmonary cryptococcosis. Methods This retrospective study included clinical data from 68 patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis from 2012 to 2016 in 3 tertiary hospitals. Results Among the 68 patients, 39 (57.35%) had no complications, 39 (57.35%) had clinical symptoms, 6 (8.82%) had a history of occupational exposure, 27 (39.71%) had a single nodule/mass (the most common type of pulmonary cryptococcosis) on chest computed tomography images, 21 (30.88%) had multiple nodules/masses, 16 (23.53%) had ground glass opacity with or without nodules, 2 (2.94%) had miliary nodules, and 2 (2.94%) had enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes. Fifty-three (77.94%) patients had lesions with irregular margins, 33 (48.53%) had spiculated lesions, 32 (47.06%) had air bronchograms, 9 (13.24%) had cavities, and 4 (5.88%) had calcifications. Twenty-four patients underwent surgery, 35 received antifungal treatment, and 9 received both treatments. Conclusion The clinical features and computed tomography signs found in this study are not specific for a diagnosis of pulmonary cryptococcosis. Therefore, an increased awareness of pulmonary cryptococcosis is needed among clinicians.
Mechanism and influencing factors of proximal fibular osteotomy for treatment of medial compartment knee osteoarthritis: A prospective study
Authors: Qin Di , Chen Wei , Wang Juan , Lv Hongzhi , Ma Wenhui , Dong Tianhua , Zhang Yingze 
Published: May 2018

Objectives This study was performed to explore the mechanism of proximal fibular osteotomy (PFO) for treatment of medial compartment knee osteoarthritis (OA) and evaluate the relevant factors influencing the treatment outcome. Methods Fifty-two patients with medial compartment knee OA with varus deformities were prospectively selected. Radiographs were obtained preoperatively and postoperatively. Knee function and OA severity were evaluated using the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score and the Kellgren–Lawrence (KL) score. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine associations between increases in the HSS score and selected factors influencing knee OA. Results Sixty-seven knee joints of 45 patients undergoing PFO were included. The HSS scores were significantly better at the final follow-up than preoperatively. Regression analysis identified five factors influencing changes in the HSS score: the change in the vertical distance between the fibular head and tibial plateau, the KL score for tibiofibular joint arthritis, the body mass index, the inclination of the tibiofibular joint, and the preoperative HSS score. Conclusions PFO is a simple and effective procedure for medial compartment knee OA. Greater distal displacement of the fibular head suggests greater range of motion of the tibiofibular joint and more evident improvement of postoperative OA symptoms.
Median effective dose of nefopam to treat postoperative pain in patients who have undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Kim Heezoo , Lee Dong Kyu , Lee Mi Kyoung , Lee Mido 
Published: May 2018

Objective Nefopam is thought to reduce postoperative pain; however, the evidence is insufficient. The recommended dose is 20 mg, and the median effective dose (ED50) in the surgical setting reportedly ranges from 17 to 28 mg. However, nefopam frequently produces inadequate postoperative analgesia. We evaluated the ED50 of nefopam as a single agent in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods Twenty-nine patients were scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Postoperative pain was evaluated using a numerical pain scale (NPS). When the NPS score was >3, patients were administered a predetermined dose of nefopam. The dose was calculated using the up-and-down allocation technique based on the previous response. The initial dose was 28 mg, with adjustment intervals of 5 mg. An effective response was defined as a decrease in the NPS score to <3 at 30 minutes after infusion. Results The ED50 of nefopam was 62.1 mg (95% confidence interval, 52.9–72.9 mg). Eight patients reported pain upon injection, and three were excluded due to severe injection pain and phlebitis. Conclusions The estimated ED50 was higher than the predetermined dose based on previous studies. We recommend that the dose of nefopam be chosen after careful consideration of individual variations and clinical settings.
Efficacy and safety of galcanezumab for the prevention of episodic migraine: Results of the EVOLVE-2 Phase 3 randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Skljarevski Vladimir , Matharu Manjit , Millen Brian A , Ossipov Michael H , Kim Byung-Kun , Yang Jyun Yan 
Published: May 2018

Introduction Galcanezumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody binding calcitonin gene-related peptide, used for migraine prevention. Methods A global, double-blind, 6-month study of patients with episodic migraine was undertaken with 915 intent-to-treat patients randomized to monthly galcanezumab 120 mg (n = 231) or 240 mg (n = 223) or placebo (n = 461) subcutaneous injections. Primary endpoint was overall mean change from baseline in monthly migraine headache days. Key secondary endpoints were ≥50%,  ≥ 75%, and 100% response rates; monthly migraine headache days with acute migraine medication use; Patient Global Impression of Severity rating; the Role Function-Restrictive score of the Migraine-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire. Results Mean monthly migraine headache days were reduced by 4.3 and 4.2 days by galcanezumab 120 and 240 mg, respectively, and 2.3 days by placebo. The group differences (95% CIs) versus placebo were 2.0 (−2.6, −1.5) and 1.9 (−2.4, −1.4), respectively. Both doses were superior to placebo for all key secondary endpoints. Injection site pain was the most common treatment-emergent adverse event, reported at similar rates in all treatment groups. Both galcanezumab doses had significantly more injection site reactions and injection site pruritus, and the 240 mg group had significantly more injection site erythema versus placebo. Conclusions Galcanezumab 120 or 240 mg given once monthly was efficacious, safe, and well tolerated. Study identification EVOLVE-2; NCT02614196; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02614196 . Trial Registration NCT02614196.
Abdominal aortic aneurysm screening attendance: Effect of removing the examination fee
Authors: Linné Anneli , Hultgren Rebecka , Öhman Daniel , Törnberg Sven , Elfström K Miriam 
Published: May 2018

Objectives The organized population-based screening programme for abdominal aortic aneurysm in Stockholm, Sweden, started in 2010. An examination fee was initially charged, but later removed because of a policy change. We examined the effect on screening attendance of removing the fee. Methods The periods before and after removing the examination fee were compared with regard to screening attendance, overall, by municipality and by district. Results Screening attendance was 79.2% in the period with an examination fee and 79.9% in the period without an examination fee (p = 0.1787), with no significant change in screening attendance between the periods. Conclusions Although removing examination fees has been shown to have a positive impact on attendance in other screening programmes, we did not find this association in our study.
Hamlet and psychiatry intertwined
Authors: Rotstein Sarah 
Published: May 2018

Objectives: This article considers selected landmarks in the history of psychiatry and their impact on Hamlet productions, including Burton’s Anatomy of Melancholia, Emil Kraepelin’s manic-depression, Freud’s oedipal complex and R.D. Laing’s ‘divided self’. Additionally, this article considers the way Shakespeare’s Hamlet has influenced the course of psychiatry. Conclusion: The linkages between psychiatry and Hamlet have existed since the 17th century, and perhaps Shakespeare’s Hamlet should have a place on every psychiatrist’s shelf.
Exploring the Relationship Between Diversity Intelligence, Emotional Intelligence, and Executive Coaching to Enhance Leader Development Practices
Authors: Wittmer Jenell L. S. , Hopkins Margaret M. 
Published: May 2018

The Problem Leadership development is one of the most pressing issues for human resource practitioners within organizations. Recently, coaching to enhance emotional intelligence (EQ) has become a major focal area for human resource and leadership development. The concept of EQ has received overwhelming research and practical support, suggesting that it, more so than technical skills or cognitive ability, is the key determinant of success in leaders. However, EQ alone may not help leaders in creating an inclusive work environment and proactively recruiting and developing diverse employees. The Solution Diversity intelligence (DQ), recently introduced by Hughes, is another important skill that has significant impact on the interpersonal relationships at work. The current article seeks to integrate the concepts of EQ and DQ with a practical and strategic approach for human resource development professionals. A theoretical review, qualitative examination, and practical application of the main models of EQ with a focus on how specific components of these models can be utilized in coaching for increased DQ is presented. Using concepts of executive coaching and general principles of leadership development, the current study examines which facets, or dimensions, of EQ should be highlighted and developed to increase DQ. The Stakeholders In addition to identifying which facets of each EQ model are essential for DQ, practical applications for human resource development practitioners and leaders are presented.
Socioeconomic Factors for Sports Specialization and Injury in Youth Athletes
Authors: Jayanthi Neeru A. , Holt Daniel B. , LaBella Cynthia R. , Dugas Lara R. 
Published: May 2018

Background: The effect of socioeconomic status (SES) on rates of sports specialization and injury among youth athletes has not been described previously. Hypothesis: Young athletes from lower socioeconomic status will have lower rates of sports specialization and subsequently lower risk of overuse injuries. Study Design: Cohort study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: Injured athletes aged 7 to 18 years were recruited from 2 hospital-based sports medicine clinics and compared with uninjured athletes presenting for sports physicals at primary care clinics between 2010 and 2013. Participants completed surveys on training patterns. Electronic medical records provided injury details as well as patient zip code, race, and health insurance type. SES was estimated from zip codes. The sample was divided into SES tertiles. Analysis of variance and multivariate regression were used for continuous variables, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore relationships between risk factors and injury. Results: Of 1190 athletes surveyed, 1139 (96%) had satisfactory SES data. Compared with low-SES athletes, high-SES athletes reported more hours per week spent playing organized sports (11.2 ± 6.0 vs 10.0 ± 6.5; P = 0.02), trained more months per year in their main sport (9.7 ± 3.1 vs 7.6 ± 3.7; P < 0.01), were more often highly specialized (38.9% vs 16.6%; P < 0.01), and had increased participation in individual sports (64.8% vs 40.0%; P < 0.01). The proportion of athletes with a greater than 2:1 ratio of weekly hours in organized sports to free play increased with SES. Accounting for age and weekly organized sports hours, the odds of reporting a serious overuse injury increased with SES (odds ratio, 1.5; P < 0.01). Conclusion: High-SES athletes reported more serious overuse injuries than low-SES athletes, potentially due to higher rates of sports specialization, more hours per week playing organized sports, higher ratio of weekly hours in organized sports to free play, and greater participation in individual sports. Clinical Relevance: As SES increases, young athletes report higher degrees of sports specialization, greater participation in individual sports, and more serious overuse injuries.
Risk of Bias in Randomized Clinical Trials on Psychological Therapies for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Adults
Authors: Martins Scalabrin Juliana , Mello Marcelo F. , Swardfager Walter , Cogo-Moreira Hugo 
Published: May 2018

Objective To evaluate the factorial validity and internal consistency of a measurement model underlying risk of bias as endorsed by Cochrane for use in systematic reviews; more specifically, how the risk of bias tool behaves in the context of studies on psychological therapies used for treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder in adults. Methods We applied confirmatory factor analysis to a systematic review containing 70 clinical trials entitled “Psychological Therapies for Chronic Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Adults” under a Bayesian estimator. Seven observed categorical risk of bias items (answered categorically as low, unclear, or high risk of bias) were collected from the systematic review. Results A unidimensional model for the Cochrane risk of bias tool items returned poor fit indices and low factor loadings, indicating questionable validity and internal consistency. Conclusion Although the present evidence is restricted to psychological interventions for post-traumatic stress disorder, it demonstrates that the way risk of bias has been measured in this context may not be adequate. More broadly, the results suggest the importance of testing the risk of bias tool, and the possibility of rethinking the methods used to assess risk of bias in systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
Platelets play an essential role in murine lung development through Clec-2/podoplanin interaction
Authors: Tsukiji Nagaharu , Inoue Osamu , Morimoto Mitsuru , Tatsumi Norifumi , Nagatomo Hiroaki , Ueta Koji , Shirai Toshiaki , Sasaki Tomoyuki , Otake Shimon , Tamura Shogo , Tachibana Toshiaki , Okabe Masataka , Hirashima Masanori , Ozaki Yukio , Suzuki-Inoue Katsue 
Published: May 2018

Key Points
Association of platelet Clec-2 with lymphatic podoplanin regulates lung development by facilitating alveolar duct myofibroblast differentiation. Alveolar duct myofibroblast differentiation is regulated in part by transforming growth factor-β released from platelets activated by Clec-2/podoplanin interaction.
Footwear choices for painful feet – an observational study exploring footwear and foot problems in women
Authors: McRitchie Moira , Branthwaite Helen , Chockalingam Nachiappan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundA high percentage of the population report footwear related foot pain, yet there is limited research on the effect footwear has on the development of this pain. The aim of this study was to establish whether footwear purchased by patients have an association with foot pain and what choices determined a purchase decision.MethodsShape and size measurements of the dominant foot and footwear (length and width) were taken from 67 female participants who routinely received podiatric treatment. Participants were also asked to complete a short questionnaire to rate the shoe characteristics, emotions whilst wearing and reasons for the purchase.ResultsResults highlighted a high prevalence of structural foot pathology for those over 61 who preferred slip on shoes. This group also wore shoes that were significantly narrower than their feet with width difference correlating to the presence of Hallux Abductovarus (HAV). In addition, results indicate that individual footwear advice is more important than previously thought, as it is clear that choice of footwear worn to podiatry appointments are not always worn on a daily basis.ConclusionsThis study emphasises that the width of the shoe is an important part of fit, highlighting the need for patient specific footwear assessment and education for behaviour changes.
Structure from motion using dense CNN features with keypoint relocalization
Authors: Widya Aji Resindra , Torii Akihiko , Okutomi Masatoshi 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Structure from motion (SfM) using imagery that involves extreme appearance changes is yet a challenging task due to a loss of feature repeatability. Using feature correspondences obtained by matching densely extracted convolutional neural network (CNN) features significantly improves the SfM reconstruction capability. However, the reconstruction accuracy is limited by the spatial resolution of the extracted CNN features which is not even pixel-level accuracy in the existing approach. Providing dense feature matches with precise keypoint positions is not trivial because of memory limitation and computational burden of dense features. To achieve accurate SfM reconstruction with highly repeatable dense features, we propose an SfM pipeline that uses dense CNN features with relocalization of keypoint position that can efficiently and accurately provide pixel-level feature correspondences. Then, we demonstrate on the Aachen Day-Night dataset that the proposed SfM using dense CNN features with the keypoint relocalization outperforms a state-of-the-art SfM (COLMAP using RootSIFT) by a large margin.
Retinoid X Receptor Activation During Adipogenesis of Female Mesenchymal Stem Cells Programs a Dysfunctional Adipocyte
Authors: Shoucri Bassem M , Hung Victor T , Chamorro-García Raquel , Shioda Toshi , Blumberg Bruce 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Early life exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is an emerging risk factor for the development of obesity and diabetes later in life. We previously showed that prenatal exposure to the EDC tributyltin (TBT) results in increased adiposity in the offspring. These effects linger into adulthood and are propagated through successive generations. TBT activates two nuclear receptors, the peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor (PPAR) γ and its heterodimeric partner retinoid X receptor (RXR), that promote adipogenesis in vivo and in vitro. We recently employed a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) model to show that TBT promotes adipose lineage commitment by activating RXR, not PPARγ. This led us to consider the functional consequences of PPARγ vs RXR activation in developing adipocytes. We used a transcriptomal approach to characterize genome-wide differences in MSCs differentiated with the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone (ROSI) or TBT. Pathway analysis suggested functional deficits in TBT-treated cells. We then compared adipocytes differentiated with ROSI, TBT, or a pure RXR agonist IRX4204 (4204). Our data show that RXR activators (“rexinoids,” 4204 and TBT) attenuate glucose uptake, blunt expression of the antidiabetic hormone adiponectin, and fail to downregulate proinflammatory and profibrotic transcripts, as does ROSI. Finally, 4204 and TBT treatment results in an inability to induce markers of adipocyte browning, in part due to sustained interferon signaling. Taken together, these data implicate rexinoids in the development of dysfunctional white adipose tissue that could potentially exacerbate obesity and/or diabetes risk in vivo. These data warrant further screening and characterization of EDCs that activate RXR.
UsingDrosophilato study mechanisms of hereditary hearing loss
Authors: Li Tongchao , Bellen Hugo J. , Groves Andrew K. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTJohnston's organ – the hearing organ of Drosophila – has a very different structure and morphology to that of the hearing organs of vertebrates. Nevertheless, it is becoming clear that vertebrate and invertebrate auditory organs share many physiological, molecular and genetic similarities. Here, we compare the molecular and cellular features of hearing organs in Drosophila with those of vertebrates, and discuss recent evidence concerning the functional conservation of Usher proteins between flies and mammals. Mutations in Usher genes cause Usher syndrome, the leading cause of human deafness and blindness. In Drosophila, some Usher syndrome proteins appear to physically interact in protein complexes that are similar to those described in mammals. This functional conservation highlights a rational role for Drosophila as a model for studying hearing, and for investigating the evolution of auditory organs, with the aim of advancing our understanding of the genes that regulate human hearing and the pathogenic mechanisms that lead to deafness.
Alternative splice variants of rhomboid proteins: Comparative analysis of database entries for select model organisms and validation of functional potential
Authors: Powles Joshua , Ko Kenton 
Published: May 2018

Background: Rhomboid serine proteases are present across many species and are often encoded in each species by more than one predicted gene. Based on protein sequence comparisons, rhomboids can be differentiated into groups - secretases, presenilin-like associated rhomboid-like (PARL) proteases, iRhoms, and “inactive” rhomboid proteins. Although these rhomboid groups are distinct, the different types can operate simultaneously. Studies in Arabidopsis showed that the number of rhomboid proteins working simultaneously can be further diversified by alternative splicing. This phenomenon was confirmed for the Arabidopsis plastid rhomboid proteins At1g25290 and At1g74130. Although alternative splicing was determined to be a significant mechanism for diversifying these two Arabidopsis plastid rhomboids, there has yet to be an assessment as to whether this mechanism extends to other rhomboids and to other species. Methods: We thus conducted a comparative analysis of select databases to determine if the alternative splicing mechanism observed for the two Arabidopsis plastid rhomboids was utilized in other species to expand the repertoire of rhomboid proteins. To help verify the in silico observations, select splice variants from different groups were tested for activity using transgenic- and additive-based assays. These assays aimed to uncover evidence that the selected splice variants display capacities to influence processes like antimicrobial sensitivity. Results: A comparison of database entries of six widely used eukaryotic experimental models (human, mouse, Arabidopsis, Drosophila, nematode, and yeast) revealed robust usage of alternative splicing to diversify rhomboid protein structure across the various motifs or regions, especially in human, mouse and Arabidopsis. Subsequent validation studies uncover evidence that the splice variants selected for testing displayed functionality in the different activity assays. Conclusions: The combined results support the hypothesis that alternative splicing is likely used to diversify and expand rhomboid protein functionality, and this potentially occurred across the various motifs or regions of the protein.
Technology, hypocrisy and morality: Where, oh where, has all the hypocrisy gone?
Authors: Anton Corey 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This essay examines the phenomenon of hypocrisy from a media ecological vantage. It walks through examples and cases of hypocrisy witnessed in the United States today, and then argues that dominant media forms have shaped and are continuing to shape our senses of self, community, constancy and consistency. Accounting for the apparent rise in hypocrisy – its near ubiquity in modern US culture – as well as clarifying why today’s accusations of hypocrisy seem to carry little to no weight, the essay furthermore reveals key tensions between reason and rationalization in times of great technological change.