bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of sleep condition and social frailty in community‐dwelling older people
Authors: Nakakubo Sho , Doi Takehiko , Makizako Hyuma , Tsutsumimoto Kota , Kurita Satoshi , Kim Minji , Ishii Hideaki , Suzuki Takao , Shimada Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2019

AimThis cross‐sectional study examined whether sleep duration and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) were associated with social frailty in community‐dwelling older people.MethodsA total of 4427 community‐dwelling older people (51.4% women, mean age 71.9 years) who met the entry criteria were included in this study. Social frailty was assessed by five questions, relating to going out less frequently than last year, not visiting friends sometimes, not feeling helpful to friends or family, living alone and not talking with someone every day. Participants with two or more components were defined as having social frailty. Sleep duration and EDS were assessed by self‐reported questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis estimated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of social frailty according to EDS or the three categories of sleep duration (short ≤6.0 h, medium 6.1–8.9 h, long ≥9.0 h), and we used medium‐duration sleepers as the reference group.ResultsAmong all participants, the prevalence of social frailty in each sleep duration group was as follows: long 18.3%, short 9.9% and medium 9.7% (P < 0.001). The prevalence of social frailty in participants with EDS was 17.1% (no EDS 10.2%, P < 0.001). Long sleep duration (odds ratio 1.46, 95% confidence interval 1.14–1.84) and presence of EDS (hazard ratio 1.32, 95% confidence interval 1.02–1.71) were associated with higher rates of social frailty after adjustments for several covariates.ConclusionsLong sleep duration and EDS were associated with social frailty; thus, older people with both sleep patterns would have a higher risk of progression of social frailty. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 885–889.
Evaluating the prognostic potential of the Ki67 proliferation index and tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes in olfactory neuroblastoma
Authors: Classe Marion , Burgess Alice , El Zein Sophie , Wassef Michel , Herman Philippe , Mortuaire Geoffrey , Leroy Xavier , Malouf Gabriel G , Verillaud Benjamin 
Published: July 2019

AimsOlfactory neuroblastomas (ONBs) are rare malignant tumours that arise in the nasal vault. To date, the Hyams grade remains the only widely used histological grading system. However, it is based only on morphological criteria, and has not been updated since 1988. The objective of this study was to explore the prognostic potential of the Ki67 proliferation index (PI) and tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in ONB.Methods and resultsA retrospective study was conducted on a bicentric series of 45 cases. The Ki67 PI was determined by counting at least 1000 nuclei on whole slides. TILs were evaluated with CD20, CD4 and CD8 immunohistochemical markers on whole slides. In this series, Hyams grades I, II, III and IV accounted for 13.4%, 44.4%, 20% and 22.2% of all cases, respectively. The Ki67 PI ranged from 1 to 93; the Ki67 PI was significantly higher in Hyams grade III–IV ONBs than in Hyams grade I–II ONBs (P < 0.0001). A Ki67 PI of ≥25 was associated with poorer survival (P = 0.02). TILs were present in both stromal and intratumoral compartments, but were located predominantly in the stromal component of the tumour. The numbers of intratumoral CD8+ cells/mm2 and CD4+ cells/mm2 were greater in high‐grade ONBs than in low‐grade ONBs (P = 0.0015 and P = 0.043, respectively). The numbers of T cells/mm2 and B cells/mm2 were not associated with survival, but a CD4/CD8 ratio of >2 was significantly associated with shorter survival (P = 0.04).ConclusionOur findings suggest that the Ki67 PI and TILs could be used as prognostic markers, as a potential alternative to the Hyams grade.
Demographic Data on Syrians in Turkey: What do we know?
Authors: Adalı Tuğba , Türkyılmaz Ahmet Sinan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWith the outbreak of civil war in Syria, Turkey has become the host of the largest refugee population in the world. In a country where reliable population registration systems are only recently established and where no extensive legal arrangements on migration existed prior to the Syrian crisis, the whole refugee situation was handled rather unsystematically, with ever‐changing institutions and regulations, and various iterations of both. In this paper we present the demographic statistics that have been made public by different sources from the beginning of the crisis up to today because they are hard to reach in one place accompanied by relevant institutional changes; with the aim of assessing the current demographic data and revealing what is missing.
A Unifying Framework and Comparison of Algorithms for Non‐negative Matrix Factorisation
Authors: Hobolth Asger , Guo Qianyun , Kousholt Astrid , Jensen Jens Ledet 
Published: July 2019

SummaryNon‐negative matrix factorisation (NMF) is an increasingly popular unsupervised learning method. However, parameter estimation in the NMF model is a difficult high‐dimensional optimisation problem. We consider algorithms of the alternating least squares type. Solutions to the least squares problem fall in two categories. The first category is iterative algorithms, which include algorithms such as the majorise–minimise (MM) algorithm, coordinate descent, gradient descent and the Févotte‐Cemgil expectation–maximisation (FC‐EM) algorithm. We introduce a new family of iterative updates based on a generalisation of the FC‐EM algorithm. The coordinate descent, gradient descent and FC‐EM algorithms are special cases of this new EM family of iterative procedures. Curiously, we show that the MM algorithm isnevera member of our general EM algorithm. The second category is based on cone projection. We describe and prove a cone projection algorithm tailored to the non‐negative least square problem. We compare the algorithms on a test case and on the problem of identifying mutational signatures in human cancer. We generally find that cone projection is an attractive choice. Furthermore, in the cancer application, we find that a mix‐and‐match strategy performs better than running each algorithm in isolation.
Long non‐coding RNA NR2F1‐AS1 promoted proliferation and migration yet suppressed apoptosis of thyroid cancer cells through regulating miRNA‐338‐3p/CCND1axis
Authors: Guo Feng , Fu Qingfeng , Wang Yang , Sui Guoqing 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThyroid cancer (TC) is a prevalent endocrine malignant cancer whose pathogenic mechanism remains unclear. The aim of the study was to investigate the roles of long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) NR2F1‐AS1/miRNA‐338‐3P/CCND1axis in TC progression. Differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs in TC tissues were screened out and visualized by R program. Relative expression of NR2F1‐AS1, miRNA‐338‐3p and cyclin D1 (CCND1) was determined by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction. In addition, Western blot analysis was adopted for evaluation of protein expression ofCCND1. Targeted relationships between NR2F1‐AS1 and miRNA‐338‐3p, as well as miRNA‐338‐3p andCCND1were predicted using bioinformatics analysis and validated by dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay. Besides, tumour xenograft assay was adopted for verification of the role of NR2F1‐AS1 in TC in vivo. NR2F1‐AS1 andCCND1were overexpressed, whereas miRNA‐338‐3p was down‐regulated in TC tissues and cell lines. Down‐regulation of NR2F1‐AS1 andCCND1suppressed proliferation and migration of TC cells yet greatly enhanced cell apoptotic rate. Silence of NR2F1‐AS1 significantly suppressed TC tumorigenesis in vivo. NR2F1‐AS1 sponged miRNA‐338‐3p to up‐regulateCCND1expression to promote TC progression. Our study demonstrated that up‐regulation of NR2F1‐AS1 accelerated TC progression through regulating miRNA‐338‐3P/CCND1axis.
Virucidal effects of common disinfectants against tilapia lake virus
Authors: Jaemwimol Phitchaya , Sirikanchana Kwanrawee , Tattiyapong Puntanat , Mongkolsuk Skorn , Surachetpong Win 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTilapia lake virus (TiLV) is an emerging virus associated with high fish mortality and economic losses. This study investigates the virucidal effects of the following disinfectants (active ingredients) on TiLV: 2.5 ppm iodine, 10 ppm sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 300 ppm hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), 80 ppm formalin and 5,000 ppm (0.5%) Virkon®. Factors that affect the disinfectants’ efficacy, including temperature, contact time and soiling (organic matter) interference, were examined under conditions mimicking natural aquaculture practices. TiLV inactivation of higher than 5 log10 TCID50 ml−1 was achieved after 10 min and at 28°C for all disinfectants except formalin; similar inactivation levels were reached by NaOCl and Virkon® at 10 min and 4°C. Extended exposure to formalin from 10 to 60 min at 28°C rendered more than 5 log10 inactivation. Increasing synthetic organic matter in the water to mimic soiling interference reduced the efficacy of NaOCl, iodine and H2O2 when tested at 10 min and 28°C; however, Virkon® still achieved more than 5 log10 inactivation. This study demonstrates that most common disinfectants effectively reduced viral loads to minimum levels. To limit the spread of TiLV in aquaculture farms and related facilities, the appropriate use of such disinfectants should therefore be promoted and implemented.
Usefulness of immunohistochemistry for mismatch repair protein and microsatellite instability examination in adenocarcinoma and background endometrium of sporadic endometrial cancer cases
Authors: Saeki Harumi , Hlaing May T. , Horimoto Yoshiya , Kajino Kazunori , Ohtsuji Naomi , Fujino Kazunari , Terao Yasuhisa , Hino Okio 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimMicrosatellite instability (MSI), which reflects loss of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) activity, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for MMR proteins are employed as screening examinations for Lynch syndrome (LS). Recent studies revealed that there is a population of MSI‐high tumors in sporadic endometrial cancer (EC). However, MSI data for Japanese EC patients are scarce. Furthermore, sporadic estrogen‐dependent EC (type I) is generally considered to arise from hyperplasia. Because LS is usually associated with type I EC, we hypothesized that MSI might be involved in the oncogenic process in some sporadic EC. We conducted MSI testing to reveal MSI status in sporadic Japanese EC. IHC for MMR proteins was also performed.MethodsNinety‐eight tissue samples of sporadic ECs from Japanese patients were used for IHC and MSI examinations. We also evaluated MMR protein expressions in the background normal endometrium.ResultsMicrosatellite instability‐high was observed in 10.2% of 98 cases with sporadic EC, a lower percentage than that in Western studies. Loss of some MMR proteins was observed in 23 cases (23.5%) and there was a significant correlation with MSI‐high status (P < 0.001). Concerning the background endometrium, two cases showed partial loss of MLH1 and PMS2, corresponding to adjacent EC lesions, suggesting that MMR deficiency may already be present in the background endometrium.ConclusionThe MSI‐high rate was low in our Japanese cohort. Our data confirmed the usefulness of MMR protein assessment for MSI screening in Japanese EC patients. Furthermore, IHC of the background endometrium might reveal the mechanism of MSI‐high tumorigenesis.
White Matter Hyperintensities in Patients with Sporadic Hemiplegic Migraine
Authors: Nagarajan Elanagan , Bollu Pradeep C. , Manjamalai Sivaraman , Yelam Anudeep , Qureshi Adnan I. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSETo identify the differences in overall occurrence, location, and disease burden of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) in patients with sporadic hemiplegic migraine (SHM) and patients with migraine headaches.METHODSWe included patients who met diagnostic criteria proposed by the third International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD‐3) for SHM and migraine headache. WMHs were identified using T2 fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery axial sequence and classified based upon the location. The disease burden was assessed using Scheltens visual rating scale.RESULTSFifty patients met the diagnostic criteria for SHM and 100 patients for migraine headache. Patients in the study group were similar to the control group in terms of age (47.7 ± 12.2 years vs. 48.17 ± 9.7 years; P = .814) and gender (M: F; 14:36 vs. M: F 25:75; P = .693). WMH were found in 28 (56%) patients with SHM and 44 (44%) in patients with migraine headache. The proportion of patients with WMH was not different between the two groups (P = .166). On univariate analysis, the proportion of patients with WMH in parietal, occipital, and infratentorial regions was higher in patients with SHM. White matter burden determined by visual rating scale and proportion of patients with lesions ≥5 mm in diameter was also significantly higher in patients with SHM. On multivariate analysis, the WMH occurrence in the parietal lobe (P = .043) was found to be significantly higher in SHM.CONCLUSIONSThe WMH occurrence in patients with SHM is significantly more in the parietal lobe when compared to those with migraine headaches. WMH burden was also higher in patients with SHM, and larger white matter lesions occurred more frequently in these patients with SHM (compared to ordinary migraineurs).
The prognostic role of tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes in oral squamous cell carcinoma: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Huang Zhengxian , Xie Nan , Liu Haichao , Wan Yuehan , Zhu Yue , Zhang Ming , Tao Yifan , Zhou Han , Liu Xiqiang , Hou Jinsong , Wang Cheng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIt has been suggested that tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are associated with the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, the prognostic value of TILs is inconclusive due to the heterogeneity of immune cells within the tumour microenvironment. In this meta‐analysis, we aimed to assess the prognostic value of TILs in OSCC. The PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched up to April 20, 2019, and 33 studies were ultimately included in this meta‐analysis. Our pooled meta‐analysis showed that high infiltration of CD8+ TILs, CD45RO+ TILs and CD57+ TILs favoured better overall survival (OS). However, high infiltration of CD68+ macrophages and CD163+ macrophages was associated with poor prognosis in OSCC. These findings suggest that CD8+ TILs, CD45RO+ TILs, CD57+ TILs, CD68+ macrophages and CD163+ macrophages might serve as novel prognostic factors and therapeutic targets in OSCC.
Optimal consumption and investment with liquid and illiquid assets
Authors: Choi Jin Hyuk 
Published: July 2019

AbstractI consider an optimal consumption/investment problem to maximize expected utility from consumption. In this market model, the investor is allowed to choose a portfolio that consists of one bond, one liquid risky asset (no transaction costs), and one illiquid risky asset (proportional transaction costs). I fully characterize the optimal consumption and trading strategies in terms of the solution of the free boundary ordinary differential equation (ODE) with an integral constraint. I find an explicit characterization of model parameters for the well‐posedness of the problem, and show that the problem is well posed if and only if there exists a shadow price process. Finally, I describe how the investor's optimal strategy is affected by the additional opportunity of trading the liquid risky asset, compared to the simpler model with one bond and one illiquid risky asset.
The ‘omnivorous badger dilemma’: towards an integration of nutrition with the dietary niche in wild mammals
Authors: Balestrieri Alessandro , Remonti Luigi , Saino Nicola , Raubenheimer David 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Laboratory studies have demonstrated that, given plenty of food, many animals can achieve a species‐specific macronutrient intake target by selecting nutritionally balanced foods or combining complementary foods.

Wild‐living, broad‐scope omnivorous species often face great heterogeneity in the composition of available resources. Hence they may be precluded, either locally or seasonally, from meeting their nutritional preferences.

With the aim of shedding light on the nutritional niche breadth of a wild‐living omnivore, the European badger Meles meles, we reviewed available scat‐based studies on badger diet and applied right‐angled mixture triangles to examine the relationships between macronutrient availability and composition of diets.

Moreover, to assess the potential of scat analysis to investigate nutritional balancing, we analysed badger diet in two habitats of NW Italy, focusing on identifying the total weight of each food item ‘as ingested’ as accurately as possible.

The average macronutrient content of the European badger's diet comprised 40–45% protein‐energy, 30–35% lipid‐energy, and 20–25% carbohydrate‐energy. Macronutrient intake was not constant throughout the year, suggesting that, in some seasons, badgers may be unable to reach their macronutrient target, and that diet balancing is achieved over longer periods. The macronutrient selection strategy of badgers suggests that their feeding habits are close to those of obligate carnivorous mammals, although badgers were found to be more tolerant towards carbohydrates than obligate carnivores.

Macronutrient ratios as assessed by scat analysis matched well with those obtained by reviewing available data, confirming that meta‐analyses of diet studies can provide useful information on the macronutrient requirements of elusive wild mammals.
Retrotransposon promoter of Ruby1 controls both light‐ and cold‐induced accumulation of anthocyanins in blood orange
Authors: Huang Ding , Yuan Yue , Tang Zhouzhou , Huang Yue , Kang Chunying , Deng Xiuxin , Xu Qiang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBlood orange is generally recognized to accumulate anthocyanins in its fruit pulp in a cold‐inducible manner. We observed that the fruit peel of blood orange can also accumulate anthocyanins under ample light conditions. Interestingly, purple pummelo can accumulate anthocyanins only in its fruit peel but not in its pulp. The mechanism underlying the tissue specificity of anthocyanin accumulation in citrus is unknown. Here, we show that the active promoter of Ruby1, a key activator of anthocyanin biosynthesis, is also light inducible in addition to its already known cold inducibility in blood orange. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and transient expression assays showed that HY5 positively regulated the transcription of Ruby1 by binding to the G‐box motif (CACGTC). The tissue specificity of anthocyanin accumulation in the peel of purple pummelo may be due to the lack of a low temperature responsive element and a MYC binding site, which were shown to be involved in cold inducibility of CsRuby1 in blood orange by insertion of a long terminal repeat type retrotransposon in the promoter. These results bring new insights into the regulatory mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis in response to environmental stimuli and provide cis‐elements for genetic improvement of anthocyanin‐stable fruits rich in antioxidant metabolites.
Present knowledge and controversies, deficiencies, and misconceptions on nitric oxide synthesis, sensing, and signaling in plants
Authors: León José , Costa‐Broseta Álvaro 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAfter 30 years of intensive work, nitric oxide (NO) has just started to be characterized as a relevant regulatory molecule on plant development and responses to stress. Its reactivity as a free radical determines its mode of action as an inducer of posttranslational modifications of key target proteins through cysteine S‐nitrosylation and tyrosine nitration. Many of the NO‐triggered regulatory actions are exerted in tight coordination with phytohormone signaling. This review not only summarizes and updates the information accumulated on how NO is synthesized, sensed, and transduced in plants but also makes emphasis on controversies, deficiencies, and misconceptions that are hampering our present knowledge on the biology of NO in plants. The development of noninvasive accurate tools for the endogenous NO quantitation as well as the implementation of genetic approaches that overcome misleading pharmacological experiments will be critical for getting significant advances in better knowledge of NO homeostasis and regulatory actions in plants.
Doppler sonography of uterine blood flow at mid‐oestrus during different degree of clinical endometritis in dairy cows
Authors: Sharma Akshay , Singh Madhumeet , Abrol Ankur , Soni Tania 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe present study was aimed at analysing the mid‐oestrous uterine blood flow parameters during varying degree of endometritis in dairy cows. Degree of clinical endometritis was adjudged on the basis of visual examination of uterine discharge collected from cows at mid‐oestrus, that is mild (slightly turbid; n = 13), moderate (turbid with pus flakes; n = 14) and severe (milky; n = 13). Pulsatility and resistance indices (PI and RI), time average mean velocity (TAMEAN), time average maximum velocity (TAMAX), diameter of the artery, volume of blood flow, Doppler pulse duration (DPD) and systolic upstroke/acceleration time (AT) were measured to study the spectral waveforms at mid‐oestrus. Significantly higher (p < .01) PI and RI were found in cows diagnosed with mild degree in comparison with cows diagnosed with moderate and severe degrees of clinical endometritis. There was significantly higher (p < .01) velocity (TAMEAN and TAMAX), volume of blood flow (BFV‐TAMEAN, BFV‐TAMAX) and DPD in both the middle uterine arteries during moderate and severe degrees of clinical endometritis as compared to mild endometritis. However, significantly higher (p < .01) AT was recorded in cows diagnosed with mild degree as compared to moderate and severe degrees of clinical endometritis. Pearson's correlation analysis has shown that RI was positively correlated with PI and AT in all the groups under study (mild degree, r = .72 and .49; moderate degree, r = .54 and .38; severe degree, r = .90 and .42; p < .05). However, there found significantly negative correlation (p < .05) with other parameters in all the cows irrespective of degree of inflammation. Therefore, it may be deducted that assessment of uterine inflammation can be done with a non‐invasive technique known as Doppler sonography which can be useful in adjudging the hemodynamic changes inside uterus and future fertility of dairy cows.