bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Incubation Attendance and Nesting Site Constraints of the Sclater's Monal in an Alpine Environment in Southwestern China
Authors: Bibi Nehafta , Gao Ge , Liang Dan , Luo Xu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBreeding in alpine environments poses significant challenges to birds, requiring specific adaptations for survival. The Sclater's monal (Lophophorus sclateri), a regionally threatened, typical alpine pheasant species, is restricted to high‐elevation habitat from the East Himalayas to the mountains of west Yunnan, China. Due to its low population density and the difficulty of accessing its habitats, the breeding ecology of this species is understudied. Therefore, we aimed to understand the breeding behavior, nest site use, and life‐history traits that allow this monal species to cope with the alpine environment. During our fieldwork from March to June 2015 and 2016 in the Gaoligong Mountains in western Yunnan, China, we found six cliff nesting sites ranging from 3535 m to 3892 m. Three sites were active, with one being used in both years, and the remaining three were inactive but had been used in prior years. The clutch size was 2.75 ± 0.5 (2 or 3 eggs; n = 4 nests at three nesting sites), and all 11 eggs were successfully hatched. The female solely performed incubation, spending 97.2% of its time in incubating with an average duration of 25.69 ± 13.79 h (n = 43 bouts across three females) per on‐bout which indicates the female bird invested more time than other pheasants. High incubation attendance by females highlights the importance of increased parental care in ensuring reproductive success. These findings highlight that the Sclater monal exhibits specific breeding behaviors and nesting strategies that reflect adaption to harsh environments. Additionally, our observations of intense male–male interactions and reuse of nesting sites suggest that suitable nesting sites are limited, which could significantly impact population dynamics. Together, these insights are crucial for conserving this regionally threatened pheasant.
Diimine–Dioxime Acenaphthene Cobalt Complexes: Characterization of the Novel cis Coordination Mode
Authors: Alhebshe Norah S. , Keller Taylor M. , Gau Michael R. , Dorfner Walter L. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDuring the synthesis of a new family of diimine–dioxime acenaphthene cobalt complexes a novel cis coordination mode was observed for (DABn)Co(Py)Br (4), along with the expected trans coordination mode for [(DAEn)Co(L)2]BPh4 (2). The new coordination mode for this class of compounds is fully characterized. We explore the influence of linker length, ligand protonation, and supporting ligands on the preference for the cis vs. trans coordination mode using experimental and computational methods. Increased flexibility, increased acidity, and large supporting ligands all support the preference for the cis coordination mode.
Process Parameters and Tool Design in Friction Stir Extrusion: A Sustainable Recycling Technique
Authors: Akbari Mostafa , Asadi Parviz , Behnagh Reza Abdi , Bedir Fevzi , Choupani Naghdali , Sadowski Tomasz 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTFriction stir extrusion (FSE) is a versatile technique that plays a dual role in sustainable recycling and shaping of materials. This method involves a rotating mandrel and a fixed matrix within a mold, where compressed waste metal chips or primary bulk materials are introduced. The rotating mandrel exerts continuous axial pressure, generating frictional heat that softens and bonds the materials together. As the mandrel advances, the materials are reshaped and extruded through the cavity inside the mandrel or the space between the mandrel and the matrix, resulting in the desired product, such as wires or pipes. FSE finds applications in recycling machining wastes, improving powder metallurgy products, producing wire raw materials, creating structures with fine microstructures, and developing new alloys and composites. The resulting materials exhibit refined grains, leading to enhanced mechanical and metallurgical properties. This review article compiles experimental studies exploring the mechanical and microstructural characteristics of samples manufactured using FSE for recycling, reshaping, alloying, or bilayer production. Additionally, it discusses various tool, mold, and machine designs proposed by researchers. Beyond its unique properties, FSE is highlighted as an energy‐efficient, sustainable, and eco‐friendly process.
Seizure quantification in sunflower syndrome by a wrist‐worn device
Authors: Sourbron Jo , Proost Renee , Vandenneucker Jan , Ticcinelli Valentina , Roelens Filip , Schoonjans An‐Sofie , Sercu Els , Verhelst Helene , Jansen Katrien , Lagae Lieven 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveSunflower syndrome is a rare photosensitive childhood‐onset epilepsy, featuring repetitive handwaving events (HWE) triggered by light. Objective documentation of these HWE can be difficult due to the numerous events occurring daily and/or caregivers who document the seizures but are not always present. Hence, seizure diaries can be underreporting.MethodsWe performed a feasibility study in three Belgian Sunflower syndrome individuals to assess the possibility to quantify the HWE by a wrist‐worn wearable device (Axivity AX6). We conducted a structured exercise aiming to capture patterns of possible confounders in a controlled environment. Subsequently, patients wore the device for three to six consecutive days and nights at home. Spectral power analyses were performed to characterize the frequency signature of the different movements.ResultsThe HWE of patient A and B showed homogeneity and narrow‐band frequencies. Patient C did not experience any HWE at the start of the study due to proper seizure control. Regarding HWE, there was a higher spectral power for Gyroscope Z (Gz) compared to Gy. The inter‐subject variability for HWE frequency peaks was in the 3–6 Hz range. Computer analysis by visual annotation, without checking the seizure diary, detected 71% of the HWE if the HWE lasted for longer than 5 s (sensitivity 64%). For shorter HWE duration, the detection rate was 50% but seemed to be higher if there was a concordant change of eye movement (63%) (sensitivity 36%). The most obvious confounder was toothbrushing (TB). However, TB showed a different pattern: that is, higher or comparable spectral power for Gy compared to Gz. There was also a higher or comparable spectral power for Gy compared to Gz for “waving hello”.SignificanceWe show that the wearable movement sensor Axivity AX6 can detect HWE in Sunflower syndrome individuals and distinguish them from confounders in a real‐world setting.
Similarity Design Method for Fluid–Structure Models in Underwater Shaking Table and Wave Tests
Authors: Chen Yu , Wu Kun , Zhao Bo , Li Zhong‐Xian 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTFor shaking table tests, it is essential to increase the density of the structure by adding artificial masses, which serves as an equivalent density. This modification ensures adherence to the dynamic similarity criterion. However, for underwater shaking table and wave tests, the density of water cannot change, and an increase in the equivalent density of the structure results in a distortion of the test simulation of the fluid–structure interaction. To solve this problem, an innovative similarity law is proposed for the design of fluid–structure models by changing the cross‐sectional dimensions of the structure. A series of bidirectional underwater shaking table tests and unidirectional wave tests were conducted to validate the proposed similarity law, and the traditional similarity law was analyzed for comparison. The test results indicated that the traditional scale model predicted the hydrodynamic pressure acting on the prototype with an error of approximately 50%. In contrast, the proposed scale model reduced this error to about 10%. Furthermore, the relative errors in predicting the displacement, acceleration, and strain of the prototype using the proposed scale model were all below 15%. This demonstrated the reliability of the proposed similarity law applied in the test design for fluid–structure models in underwater shaking table and wave tests.
Observation and Simulation of Runoff During an Extreme Heatwave in a Glacial Basin on the Central Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhu Fei , Zhu Meilin , Guo Yanhong , Yao Tandong 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTGlacier meltwater runoff during extreme heat waves is crucial for overall runoff replenishment; however, studies on the characteristics and mechanisms of extreme meltwater runoff on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are relatively scarce. In this study, we combine field observations (hydrological, meteorological, and glaciological) with a precipitation runoff modelling system and glacier model (PRMSglacier) to investigate the characteristics of extreme glacier meltwater runoff and the associated energy balance and hydrological processes from October 2018 to September 2022 in the Sangqu Basin on the central TP. Good agreement was shown between observed and modelled total runoff and glacier‐wide mass balance, with a mean Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) of 0.74 and root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) of 22 mm w.e. The mean glacial meltwater runoff contributed 14% of the total runoff and snowmelt runoff 72.5% during the study period. Contributions of 21.3% and 59% for glacier meltwater and snowmelt runoff, respectively, during a heatwave from June to September 2022 thus indicated anomalously high glacial meltwater and snowmelt runoff in association with hot and dry meteorological conditions. Basin‐scale energy balance results suggest that extremely low albedo and extremely high surface temperatures control the net shortwave and longwave radiation, leading to anomalously high melting of glaciers and snow. The hot and dry meteorological conditions from June to September 2022 primarily affected the source regions of the Yangtze River and Selincuo in Geladandong. This study highlights the importance of extreme glacial meltwater runoff to terrestrial water resources in association with frequent extreme heat waves.
Tissue‐matched analysis of MRI evaluating the tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Huang Mengqi , Song Chenyu , Zhou Xiaoqi , Wang Huanjun , Lin Yingyu , Wang Jifei , Cai Huasong , Wang Meng , Peng Zhenpeng , Dong Zhi , Feng Shi‐Ting 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) play critical roles in the tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy response. This study aims to explore the feasibility of multi‐parametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in evaluating TILs and to develop an evaluation model that considers spatial heterogeneity. Multi‐parametric MRI was performed on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) mice (N = 28). Three‐dimensional (3D) printing was employed for tissue sampling, to match the multi‐parametric MRI data with tumor tissues, followed by flow cytometry analysis and next‐generation RNA‐sequencing. Pearson's correlation, multivariate logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were utilized to model TIL‐related MRI parameters. MRI quantitative parameters, including T1 relaxation times and perfusion, were correlated with the infiltration of leukocytes, T‐cells, CD4+ T‐cells, CD8+ T‐cells, PD1 + CD8+ T‐cells, B‐cells, macrophages, and regulatory T‐cells (correlation coefficients ranged from −0.656 to 0.482, p <.05) in tumor tissues. TILs were clustered into inflamed and non‐inflamed subclasses, with the proportion of T‐cells, CD8+ T‐cells, and PD1 + CD8+ T‐cells significantly higher in the inflamed group compared to the non‐inflamed group (43.37% vs. 25.45%, 50.83% vs. 34.90%, 40.45% vs. 29.47%, respectively; p <.001). The TIL evaluation model, based on the Z‐score combining Kep and T1post, was able to distinguish between these subgroups, yielding an area under the curve of 0.816 (95% confidence interval 0.721–0.910) and a cut‐off value of −0.03 (sensitivity 68.4%, specificity 91.3%). Additionally, the Z‐score was related to the gene expression of T‐cell activation, chemokine production, and cell adhesion. The tissue‐matched analysis of multi‐parametric MRI offers a feasible method of regional evaluation and can distinguish between TIL subclasses.
A practical field assay to detect demethylation inhibitor fungicide resistance in Clarireedia jacksonii
Authors: McNab Edward , Hsiang Tom 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDollar spot, caused by Clarireedia jacksonii, is one of the most common turfgrass diseases, and requires abundant fungicide use for control. Currently, identification resistance to demethylation‐inhibitor fungicides requires lab facilities for isolation and sensitivity assessment. We have developed a selective medium containing 0.5 µg/mL propiconazole, antibiotics, and tartaric acid capable of identifying propiconazole‐resistant isolates from field samples. Tests with leaves from inoculated turfgrass plots showed that from ∼2000 samples, resistant or sensitive isolates could be identified accurately 96% of the time. Field tests by both end users (turf managers) and researchers were conducted at 20 locations across Southern Ontario involving over 200 samples. Clarireedia jacksonii was found at 13 of the sampled locations on non‐fungicidal media, and at 12 of these locations, propiconazole‐resistant isolates were found using amended media. The proportion of resistant isolates found ranged from 0% to 100% at the locations. This field assay can be developed into a field kit for turf managers, and this proof of concept will assist in the development of similar assays for other pathogens and on other crops.
Real‐world characteristics and outcomes of patients with multiple myeloma receiving second‐line treatment in England
Authors: Moore Sally , Cornic Laura , Crossman‐Barnes Christina‐Jane , Jose Sophie , Khalaf Zeyad , Yong Kwee , Soutar Megan , Woods Philip 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntroductionDespite recent advances in first‐line therapies for multiple myeloma (MM), most patients relapse or become refractory, underscoring the need for effective second‐line (2L) regimens for relapsed/refractory MM (RRMM).MethodsThis study describes the real‐world baseline characteristics, treatment patterns and clinical outcomes of adult patients diagnosed with MM between 2013 and 2020 using data collated by the National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service (NCRAS) of the National Health Service in England. The study cohorts were broadly aligned to the eligibility criteria of the ongoing DREAMM‐7 (D7) and DREAMM‐8 (D8) clinical trials. We focus on lenalidomide‐exposed/refractory patients who received daratumumab–bortezomib–dexamethasone (DaraVd) at 2L in both cohorts.ResultsIn the D7‐like cohort, the lenalidomide‐exposed (n = 282) and lenalidomide‐refractory (n = 143) patients who received DaraVd at 2L had a median (95% confidence interval [CI]) time to next treatment or death (TTNTD) of 15.1 (12.6–22.4) and 10.3 (7.4–13.9) months, respectively. In the D8‐like cohort, the lenalidomide‐exposed (n = 269) and lenalidomide‐refractory (n = 148) patients who received DaraVd at 2L had a median (95% CI) TTNTD of 14.5 (11.7–19.7) and 10.0 (7.3–13.7) months, respectively.ConclusionPatients with RRMM in England receiving DaraVd at 2L have poor clinical outcomes, highlighting the urgent need for new therapies, particularly for lenalidomide‐refractory patients.
Clinical severity and cardiac phenotype in phosphomannomutase 2‐congenital disorders of glycosylation : Insights into genetics and management recommendations
Authors: Holubova Veronika , Barone Rita , Grunewald Stephanie , Tesařová Markéta , Hansíková Hana , Augustínová Jana , Sykut‐Cegielska Jolanta , De Nictolis Francesca , Diaz‐Moreno Unai , Elangovan Ramyia , Epifani Florencia , Gasperini Serena , Jansen Mirian , Lefeber Dirk , Maksym‐Gasiorek Dorota , Diego Martinelli , Ounap Katrin , Pettinato Fabio , Põder Haide , Rymen Daisy , Vals Mari‐Anne , Serrano Mercedes , Witters Peter , Honzík Tomáš 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCardiac involvement (CI) in phosphomannomutase 2‐congenital disorders of glycosylation (PMM2‐CDG) is part of the multisystemic presentation contributing to high mortality rates. The most common cardiac manifestations are pericardial effusion, cardiomyopathy, and structural heart defects. A genotype–phenotype correlation with organ involvement has not yet been described. We analyzed clinical, biochemical, and molecular genetic data of 222 patients from eight European centers and characterized the natural course of patients with CI. Fifty‐seven patients (45 children) presented with CI, of whom 24 died (median age 21 months, standard deviation 49.8). Pericardial effusion was the most frequent manifestation (55.4%), occurring mostly within the first 6 months of life. The most common pathogenic variants in patients with CI were p.(Arg141His) in 74%, followed by p.(Val231Met) in 36%, which is 3.5 times higher than in PMM2‐CDG patients without CI (p < 0.0001). Twenty‐one out of 36 patients with p.(Val231Met) had CI; among them, 15 died, compared to 33 out of 166 patients without p.(Val231Met) who had CI (p < 0.0001). Nine out of 33 patients died (p = 0.0015), indicating greater clinical severity. Furthermore, the p.(Val231Met) variant is predominant in Eastern Europe, suggesting a founder effect. Cardiac complications in PMM2‐CDG patients are common and serious. The variant p.(Val231Met) profoundly influences the extent of CI and mortality rates. Therefore, we recommend cardiac surveillance be included in the follow‐up protocols for PMM2‐CDG.
Study of Laurie tea processor black tea mixing fermentation using the simplex centroid design method
Authors: Lin Yunzhi , Meng Qing , Miao Yiwen , Chen Linmu , Huang Cuixin , Kun Jirui , Luo Zhengfei , Tong Huarong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDBroken black tea (BBT) is the most consumed black tea in the world. Laurie tea processor black tea (LTP‐BT) is one of the most important categories of BBT. In this study, the fresh leaves of three tea plant cultivars including Golden Peony tea, Yunnandaye, and Fuding Dabai were blended to process LTP‐BT using the simplex centroid design. Using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and high‐performance liquid chromatography, the differences in volatile and non‐volatile components of LTP‐BT under different formulations were analyzed.RESULTSA total of 88 volatile compounds were detected, among which 16 aroma compounds, including benzyl alcohol, linalool, and methyl salicylate, could be identified as key common aroma substances in BBT. Following evaluation of the model, Golden Peony 16.7%, Fuding Dabai 16.7%, and Yunnan Daye 67.8% were the best proportions in mixed fermentation of LTP‐BT. The LTP‐BT produced in this ratio had a high and lasting aroma, strong and mellow taste, and bright and red soup color.CONCLUSIONOur study showed that mixed fermentation is feasible for the manufacturing process of LTP‐BT, and the simplex centroid design would be a reliable guide for cultivar formulation, providing customers with an alterable flavor and consumption feature. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Grazing Exclusion Effects on Grassland Community Diversity Vary Along Altitudinal Gradient: A Case Study From Mount Gongga
Authors: Wang Xiaohan , Cheng Ruijing , Yi Yue , Liang Xin , Song Zacuo , Tan Xiangjiao , Lyu Xuewei , Li Yaoqi , Xu Xiaoting , Yang Yan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the dynamic process of community diversity after grazing exclusion is crucial for the management and conservation of alpine grassland ecosystems. This study conducted a ten‐year grazing exclusion experiment across four altitudinal gradients on Mount Gongga, ranging from 3000 to 4130 m, and surveyed community diversity during the years 2012–2016, 2020, and 2022. Several key findings were revealed: (1) the linear mixed‐effects models showed that the interaction between altitude and time was significantly correlated with α‐diversity, which decrease during the long‐term grazing exclusion period across all altitudes. However, the changes in community composition at low altitudes occurred at a slower pace compared to those at higher altitudes; (2) across all altitudes, β‐diversity significantly increased under long‐term grazing exclusion compared to short‐term grazing exclusion, primarily due to species replacement, as evidenced by the seven newly emerged species observed in 2022 relative to 2012; and (3) overall, the coverage of livestock‐favored plants, including sedges (Cyperaceae) and grasses (Poaceae), has increased under long‐term grazing exclusion, whereas the coverage of other forbs has declined. Pioneer species (e.g., Potentilla leuconota and
Plantago asiatica
) played a crucial role at low altitudes. These results highlight the complexity of ecological replacement and how factors such as altitude and grazing exclusion influence the dynamics and composition of alpine grassland communities over time.
Anatomical recognition artificial intelligence for identifying the recurrent laryngeal nerve during endoscopic thyroid surgery: A single‐center feasibility study
Authors: Nishiya Yukio , Matsuura Kazuto , Ogane Tateo , Hayashi Kazuyuki , Kinebuchi Yumi , Tanaka Hirotaka , Okano Wataru , Tomioka Toshifumi , Shinozaki Takeshi , Hayashi Ryuichi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundWe investigate the feasibility of using artificial intelligence (AI) to identify the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) during endoscopic thyroid surgery and evaluated its accuracy.MethodsIn this retrospective study, we develop an AI model using a dataset of endoscopic thyroid surgery videos, including hemithyroidectomy procedures performed between April 2019 and September 2023 at the National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan. Semantic segmentation deep learning methods were applied to analyze the endoscopic thyroid surgery videos.ResultsForty endoscopic thyroid surgery videos, all in high definition or better quality, were analyzed. The Dice values were 0.351, 0.568, and 0.746 for the inferior thyroid artery, RLN, and trachea, respectively. Data augmentation was performed by cropping, standardizing, and resizing to reduce false positives and improve accuracy.ConclusionsThe AI model showed high recognition accuracy of the RLN and trachea. This method holds potential for assisting in future cervical gasless endoscopic surgeries.