bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gout Flare Burden in the United States: A Multiyear Cross‐Sectional Survey Study
Authors: Singh Jasvinder A. , Morlock Amy , Morlock Robert 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess the burden of gout flares and examine associated patient characteristics and outcomes in a sample of US adults.MethodsData were collected via an online survey of US adults ≥18 years using a random stratified sampling framework. Participants with gout completed questions about treatments, serum urate (SU) levels, severity, satisfaction with control, and gout flares. All participants completed the Veterans RAND 12‐Item Health Survey, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7‐Item Scale, and the Patient Health Questionnaire 9‐Item Scale. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics. Multivariable‐adjusted logistic regression analyses examined factors predictive of reporting gout flares to a physician.ResultsA total of 933 participants met the study criteria for having gout. Those with gout tended to be older (58.3 [SD 13.3] years vs 45.4 [SD 16.1] years; P < 0.001), male (76.3% vs 46.9%; P < 0.001), White (80.5% vs 76.8%; P = 0.01), and married or living with their partner (58.9% vs 52.8%; P < 0.001) compared with those without gout (n = 30,146). The total gout flare burden for those with gout was 6.6 gout flares per year. Nearly 72% of gout flares were either not reported to physicians or pretreated or prevented. Characteristics of those who were less likely to report gout flares included being younger, being less educated, having a lower Charlson Comorbidity Index score, not being diagnosed with gout by their doctor, and not taking a urate‐lowering therapy.ConclusionThis study confirmed that gout flares are common in US adults with gout and found that gout flares are underreported. Reliance on clinical documentation of physician‐reported gout flares is insufficient to assess the true patient burden of gout.
Fault in Converter Interfaced Micro Grid Using Detection and Identification of Hybrid Technique
Authors: Mani Saravana Kumar , Vengadakrishnan Krishnakumar , Moorthy Vijayaragavan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper introduces a novel hybrid approach, termed ZOA‐SNN, for fault detection and identification in converter‐interfaced microgrids. By integrating the Zebra Optimization Algorithm (ZOA) with Spiking Neural Network (SNN) technology, the proposed method provides a comprehensive solution suitable for both grid‐connected and autonomous microgrid operation scenarios. The technique effectively isolates faults in the microgrid while maintaining operation continuity, particularly in islanded conditions. When operating in grid‐connected mode, distributed generators (DGs) provide electricity as needed. When the grid is not available, power sharing amongst DGs is controlled by voltage angle droop control. By isolating malfunctioning portions, the proposed protection system reduces load shedding, while DG control guarantees smooth islanding and resynchronization. Evaluation on the MATLAB platform demonstrates the superior performance of the proposed technique compared to existing algorithms such as Augmented Lagrangian Particle Swarm Optimization (ALPSO), Graph Convolutional Network (GCN), and Buffalo Optimization (BO). With an accuracy, recall, precision, and F1‐score reaching 98.5%, 99.2%, 99.1%, and 99.1%, respectively, the ZOA‐SNN approach excels in fault detection and classification. Additionally, it significantly reduces computation times for parameter calculation, enhancing efficiency in microgrid control systems. These results highlight the innovation and advantages of the ZOA‐SNN approach in enhancing the reliability and efficiency of fault detection systems in microgrid environments.
Xiao‐Ban‐Xia Decoction Alleviates Chemotherapy‐Induced Nausea and Vomiting by Inhibiting Ferroptosis via Activation of The Nrf2/SLC7A11/GPX4 Pathway
Authors: Liang Wan , Ren Yuke , Wang Yusu , Chen Weijian , Mo Ziyao , Yang Chenglu , Nie Ke 
Published: November 2024

AbstractChemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) represents the common gastrointestinal side effect for cancer patients. Xiao‐Ban‐Xia decoction (XBXD), a classical anti‐emetic traditional Chinese medicine formula, is frequently used for the clinical treatment of CINV. This study used a cisplatin‐induced rat pica model to explore whether the anti‐emetic mechanism of XBXD in treating CINV is related to ferroptosis. The inflammatory damage of the gastrointestinal tract is evaluated by HE staining and ELISA. The degree of ferroptosis are validated by the iron deposition, the levels of ROS, MDA, and GSH, and the ultrastructure of mitochondria in the gastric antrum and ileum. The potential ferroptosis‐related targets of XBXD against CINV are screened by network pharmacology and further assessed by Western blot. XBXD significantly decreased the kaolin consumption in rats, and improved the inflammatory pathological damage, with decreased levels of HMGB1, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α. Furthermore, XBXD significantly suppressed ferroptosis, as indicated by the improvement of iron deposition, mitochondrial abnormalities, and oxidative stress. The network pharmacology and Western blot results indicated that XBXD activated the Nrf2/SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling pathway. This study proved that XBXD activates the Nrf2/SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting ferroptosis, which represents a critical anti‐emetic mechanism of XBXD in combatting CINV.
Poly(bis(1‐methylpiperazin‐1‐ium‐amide) Nanofilm Composite Membrane with Nanochannel‑Enabled Microporous Structure and Enhanced Steric Hindrance for Magnesium/Lithium Separation
Authors: Soyekwo Faizal , Liu Changkun , Mao Xin , Shi Xinyu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEfficient lithium/magnesium (Li+/Mg2+) separation attainment is fundamental to the extraction of lithium from brine by nanofiltration membrane separation process, which is essential for resource recovery and a circular water economy. However, for poly(piperazine‐amide) nanofilm composite membranes, the higher electronegativity affects the Mg2+ rejection and consequently Li+/Mg2+ separation performance. Manipulating the positive charge density and pore size regulation of the nanofiltration membranes are determinative of the Li+/Mg2+ separation performance improvement. Here, a new monomer 1,1′‐(hexane‐1,6‐diyl)bis(1‐methylpiperazin‐1‐ium) bromide containing bis‐quaternary ammonium cations is employed as a molecular building block to fabricate polyamide nanofilms via interfacial polymerization. The dual quaternary ammoniums and the rod‐shaped conformation of the monomer confer enhanced electropositivity, steric hindrance, loosely packed microporous network structure (pore diameter∼0.8–1.35 nm), and high free volume. The resultant membrane exhibits high water permeance of 28.34 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 with good Li+/Mg2+ selectivity of up to 76.9. In addition, the membrane also exhibits chlorine stability performance owing to the lack of the chlorine sensitive −NH groups in the formed tertiary amide structures. Computational insights on the structural properties, nanofilm formation, and transmembrane water and ion transport behaviors are provided. This study offers insightful theoretical and technological concepts to design and construct membrane materials for energy‐efficient separations.
Novel Graphene‐Epoxy Composite with Aligned Architecture and Ultrahigh Thermal Conductivity
Authors: Ma Zhenqian , Wang Jinyue , Hao Zhenliang , Dai Jingjie , Zhu Xiangyu , Zheng He , Liu Xiongjun , Zhang Hailong , Lu Zhaoping 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBecause of the surge in the power density of electronic devices, there is an urgent need for improvements in the thermal conductivity of packaging materials. Nowadays, epoxy composites supplemented with thermally conductive fillers are widely used for this purpose, but unfortunately, none of them can satisfactorily meet industrial requirements. Herein, this article reports on a novel method to prepare well‐shaped and highly ordered graphene‐epoxy composite architecture; that is, the epoxy infiltrates into tubular graphene columns that have been restored to the high thermally conductive structure of graphene. As a result, the newly developed graphene‐epoxy composite exhibits record‐high thermal conductivity of 69.74 W m−1 K−1 with filler content of only 11.22 wt.%. The unprecedentedly high thermal conductivity stems from the construction of thermally conductive channels and restoration of the inherent π–π conjugate structure of graphene. These findings not only offer a breakthrough in packaging materials with significantly enhanced thermal conductivity but also provide a promising avenue for the development of other advanced graphene‐added composites.
Immuno‐Isolation Strategy with Tacrolimus‐Loaded Nanofilm Promotes Stable Stem Cell‐Based Cartilage Regeneration
Authors: Guo Zhiyi , Zhu Xinsheng , Xu Liang , Zhu Jianxiang , Zhang Xue , Yang Yang , Song Nan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBone marrow stem cells (BMSCs)‐engineered cartilage (BEC) shows promise for clinically repairing cartilage defects. However, when implanted in immunocompetent large animals, BEC becomes susceptible to ossification due to inflammatory infiltration. To address this, a nanofilm isolation approach is developed to enhance BEC's chondrogenic stability. Tacrolimus (FK506), known for its immunosuppressive effect, is integrated into adipic dihydrazide (ADH)‐modified hyaluronic acid (HA), creating an acid‐responsive macromolecular prodrug called FK506@HA‐ADH. This prodrug is then blended with poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) to form electrospun FK506@HA/PLGA nanofilm. Goat‐derived BMSCs are induced in vitro to form BEC, which is enclosed within the FK506@HA/PLGA nanofilm and subcutaneously implanted in autologous goats. The nanofilm acted as a physical barrier, preventing immunocyte infiltration. Additionally, in response to the acidic environment triggered by inflammation and the gradual degradation of PLGA, the FK506@HA‐ADH prodrug is cleaved, releasing FK506 as needed. The released FK506 effectively countered inflammatory cytokines and promoted cartilaginous maturity. These combined mechanisms significantly inhibited BEC hypertrophy and improved its chondrogenic stability within an immunocompetent goat model. This nanofilm‐based isolation strategy established an immunosuppressive niche, successfully preventing endochondral ossification and promoting stable cartilage formation in BEC. These advancements are crucial for translating stem cell‐based therapies into clinical use for cartilage repair.
Immunometabolic Effect of Nitric Oxide on Human Macrophages Challenged With the SARS‐CoV2‐Induced Cytokine Storm. A Fluxomic Approach
Authors: Sánchez‐García Sergio , Povo‐Retana Adrián , Marin Silvia , Madurga Sergio , Fariñas Marco , Aleixandre Nuria , Castrillo Antonio , de la Rosa Juan V. , Alvarez‐Lucena Carlota , Landauro‐Vera Rodrigo , Prieto Patricia , Cascante Marta , Boscá Lisardo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe cytokine storm associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is one of the most distinctive pathological signatures in COVID‐19 patients. Macrophages respond to this pro‐inflammatory challenge by reprogramming their functional and metabolic phenotypes. Interestingly, human macrophages fail to express the inducible form of the NO synthase (NOS2) in response to pro‐inflammatory activation and, therefore, NO is not synthesized by these cells. The contribution of exogenously added NO, via a chemical NO‐donor, on the immunometabolic changes associated with the cytokine storm is investigated. By using metabolic, transcriptomic, and functional assays the effect of NO in human macrophages is evaluated and found specific responses. Moreover, through integrative fluxomic analysis, pathways modified by NO that contribute to the expression of a particular phenotype in human macrophages are identified, which includes a decrease in mitochondrial respiration and TCA with a slight increase in the glycolytic flux. A significant ROS increase and preserved cell viability are observed in the presence of NO, which may ease the inflammatory response and host defense. Also, NO reverses the cytokine storm‐induced itaconate accumulation. These changes offer additional clues to understanding the potential crosstalk between NO and the COVID‐19 cytokine storm‐dependent signaling pathways.
Cyclodextrin Metal–Organic Framework Functionalized Carbon Materials with Optimized Interface Electronics and Selective Supramolecular Channels for High‐Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Sun Bingxin , Wang Dan , Jiang Yuxuan , Wang Rui , Lyu Lulu , Diao Guowang , Zhang Wang , Pang Huan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDuring the reaction process in lithium–sulfur batteries, Lewis acidic lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) affect ion distribution and overall electrolyte stability, degrading battery performance and product distribution (e.g., Li2S). Here, a microenvironment regulation strategy with optimized interface electronics and selective supramolecular channels, is proposed to enhance LiPS reaction kinetics through Lewis basic γ‐cyclodextrin metal–organic framework (γ‐CDMOF). To validate this concept, γ‐CDMOF is rapidly synthesized on 3D graphene foam (GF) via a microwave‐assisted method, resulting in a γ‐CDMOF/GF cathode for high‐performance Li–S batteries. A range of analytical techniques combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm that introducing a Lewis basic supramolecular microenvironment mitigates the LiPSs shuttle effect, enhances polysulfide capture, and improves sulfur redox conversion. Additionally, COMSOL simulations reveal that the γ‐CDMOF framework and oxygen sites significantly reduce volumetric expansion stress during the LiPS solid–liquid phase transition. Impressively, the γ‐CDMOF/GF cathode exhibits exceptional performance, including a high specific capacity (1253.01 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1C), excellent rate performance (589.68 mAh g⁻¹ at 5C), and long cycle life (over 1200 cycles). This study introduces a new concept of supramolecular microenvironment regulation and interfacial interaction strategy, offering a unique approach for the development of multifunctional electrode materials.
Nitrogen‐Doped Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Trigger Immune Responses and Inhibit Fat Deposition
Authors: He Dalin , Xiao Xue , Hu Geng , Zhang Wenqian , Yu Guanliu , Liu Yan , Lin Yun , Lin Hai , Li Xianyao , Diao Youxiang , Tang Yi , Li Haifang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMultiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) offer immense opportunities to deliver drugs and biomolecules to targeted tissues. However, it's unclear to their effects on fat metabolism. Here, it is demonstrated that nitrogen‐doped carboxylate‐functionalized MWCNTs (N‐MWCNTs) inhibit fat deposition both in vivo and in vitro. N‐MWCNTs <0.5 µg mL−1 do not affect the viability of HEK293 cells and adipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs). Intramuscular administration of N‐MWCNTs does not affect the body weight gain and feed intake of mice, but reduces the fat mass. In in vitro‐cultured adipocytes, N‐MWCNTs suppress fat accumulation, accompanied by decreased and increased expression of adipogenic and lipolysis genes, respectively. Transcriptome analysis further certifies the N‐MWCNT alteration of fat metabolism‐related genes. Interestingly, the internalization of N‐MWCNTs by macrophage‐like cells via Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging is observed. The mRNA sequencing data also shows remarkable variation of the genes involved in the Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) pathway, exhibiting down‐ or up‐regulation of inflammatory factors, of which TNF‐α, IL‐1, IL‐7, IL‐10, and IL‐12 are decreased, whereas IL‐6 and IL‐11 are increased. In conclusion, N‐MWCNTs trigger immune responses and reduction of fat deposition.
Redox‐Neutral Cascade Trifluoromethylation of Dienes and Enynes Using a Perylene Diimide (PDI) Organophotocatalyst
Authors: Gopal Ghosh Krishna , Pal Koustav , Mallick Manasi , Das Debabrata , Sureshkumar Devarajulu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe perylene diimide (PDI) is an underexplored synthetic organic dye with significant potential in photoredox catalysis. We have developed a good chemo‐ and regioselective, atom‐economical methodology for synthesizing trifluoroethylated saturated heterocyclic derivatives and trifluoroethyl‐containing cyclobutane derivatives. This process involves the generation of trifluoromethyl radical from the Langlois (CF3SO2Na) reagent under photoredox conditions, which selectively reacts with the electron‐rich terminal double/triple bonds in the diene/enyne framework. The resulting intermediate undergoes a cascade cyclization, yielding the desired compounds in a redox‐neutral manner. Our methodology operates under very mild conditions, eliminating the need for transition metals and external oxidizing agents. It is broadly applicable across various substrates and is supported by comprehensive mechanistic insights from regular photophysical experiments.
Zinc Ion Hybrid Capacitors: Four Essential Parameters Determining Device Energy Density
Authors: Wu Jiacheng , Zhu Di , Pan Yuqi , Prabowo Justin , Wei Li , Chen Yuan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractZinc ion hybrid capacitors (ZIHCs) with Zn metal faradic and carbon capacitive electrodes have potential applications in grid‐scale energy storage systems and wearable devices. However, the high specific energy density reported in many recent studies is based on the mass of active carbon materials alone, with deficient device energy density. This perspective article discusses how four crucial parameters influence the device energy density of ZIHCs, including areal mass loading (mc) and specific capacity (Qg,c) of active carbon materials in cathodes, negative‐to‐positive electrode capacity ratio (N/P), and electrolyte‐to‐active carbon materials mass ratio (E/C). Using a representative device model, how the device energy density varies when these four parameters change is shown. Detailed analysis indicates that specific parameter windows with the four parameters within narrow ranges (e.g., mc = 10–20 mg cm−2, Qg,c > 100 mAh g−1, N/P < 20, and E/C < 5) need to be achieved simultaneously to deliver application‐relevant energy density (e.g., >30 Wh kg−1) in ZIHCs. It is hoped that these findings assist in objectively evaluating reported performance data and identifying essential issues for future research development to realize practical applications.
Neuronal Multi Unit Activity Processing with Metal Oxide Memristive Devices
Authors: Sbandati Caterina , Jiang Xiongfei , Yadav Deepika , Stathopoulos Spyros , Cohen Dana , Serb Alex , Wang Shiwei , Prodromakis Themis 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntra‐cortical brain‐machine interfaces (BMIs), able to decode neural activity in real‐time, represent a revolutionary opportunity for treating medical conditions. However, traditional systems focusing on single‐neuron spike detection require high processing rates and power, hindering the up‐scaling for neurons‐population monitoring in clinical application. An intriguing proposition is the memristive integrating sensor (MIS) approach, which uses resistive RAM (RRAM) for threshold‐based neural activity detection. MIS leverages analogue multi‐state switching properties of metal‐oxide RRAM to compress neural inputs by encoding above‐threshold events in resistance displacement, facilitating efficient data down‐sampling in the post‐processing, enabling low‐power, high‐channel systems. Initially tested on spikes and local field potentials, here MIS is adapted to process multi‐unit activity envelope (eMUA)—the envelope of entire spiking activity—which has recently been proposed as crucial input for real‐time neuro‐prosthetic control. Prior necessary modifications to the MIS for effective operation, this adaptation achieved over 95% sensitivity across two types of metal‐oxide devices: Pt/TiOx/Pt and TiN/HfOx/TiN, proving its platform‐agnostic capabilities. Furthermore, towards the integration of MIS with silicon chips, it is shown that it can reduce total system power consumption to below 1 µW, as RRAM encoding stage relaxes the signal preservation and noise requirements that challenge traditional complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) front‐ends. This eMUA‐MIS adaptation offers a viable pathway for developing more scalable and efficient BMIs for clinical use.
Long‐Channel Effects in Randomly Oriented Carbon Nanotube Thin Film Transistors
Authors: Liu Hai‐Yang , Zhang Panpan , Cao Xianmao , Zhang Yang , He Jianping , Zhu Maguang , Xiao Mengmeng , Zhang Zhiyong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCarbon nanotube (CNT) thin film transistors (TFTs) have demonstrated great potential for application in highly sensitive biosensors and large‐area electronics. However, research on the electrical behavior of long‐channel CNT TFTs is lacking; thus, the purposeful improvement in the performance of biosensors or circuits is difficult. In this study, the electrical transport characteristics of ionic‐liquid‐gate CNT TFTs with channel lengths (Lch) ranging from 10 to 400 µm are investigated. The CNT TFTs present classical drift‐diffusion transport at on‐state with a carrier mobility of around 27 cm2 V−1 s−1. In the subthreshold region of the CNT TFTs, an abnormal Lch‐dependent subthreshold swing (SS) relationship, named as the long‐channel effect (LCE)is observed, where SS worsens with increasing Lch. The existence of the junctions between the CNTs results in an unconventional density of states for carriers and a large series resistance for sharing the gate voltage; this dominates the abnormal scaling behavior in the subthreshold region by degrading the electrostatic integrity. The discovery of the abnormal LCE can aid in the construction of device models and purposefully improve the performance of CNT TFTs for biosensors and other large‐scale electronic applications.
Life History Traits of Ambassidae Fish, Chanda nama (Hamilton, 1822) From the Old Brahmaputra River of Northeastern Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md. Fakhrul , Haque Syed Ariful , Sharker Md. Rajib , Uddin Kazi Belal , Kasif Tariq‐Al , Sarmin Most. Shakila , Rahman Md. Mizanur , Hasan Md. Sabit 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe present study provides a comprehensive analysis of the population structure (length–frequency distributions), growth pattern (length–weight relationships [LWRs] and length–length relationships), physiological condition factors (allometric [KA], Fulton's [KF] and relative [KR]), relative weight (WR) and form factor (a3.0) of Chanda nama. A total of 1200 specimens were collected from the Old Brahmaputra River, northeastern Bangladesh, for 12 months by traditional fishing gear, including seine net and cast net. The total length (TL) of several individuals varied from 2.3 to 7.2 cm. The highest percentage contributed to the population's 4.0–4.5‐cm‐sized group. The LWRs indicated a positive allometric growth pattern (b > 3.0). Fulton's condition factor significantly correlated with TL and body weight (p < 0.0001). The calculated WR ranged from 67.38 to 137.64. No significant variations from 100 were found using the Wilcoxon rank test (p = 0.034), suggesting that C. nama might live there in a balanced predator–prey environment. Furthermore, the measured value for the form factor (a3.0) was 0.0105. In addition, fish with a TL of 7–8 cm should be caught since they are in good condition and have enough meat. The study's findings will greatly contribute to the efficient and enduring management of C. nama in the Old Brahmaputra River and its adjacent ecosystems.