bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oculo‐zygomatic nerve transfer for facial synkinesis: An anatomical feasibility study
Authors: Jensson David , Weninger Wolfgang J. , Schmid Melanie , Meng Stefan , Jonsson Lars , Tzou Chieh‐Han John , Rodriguez‐Lorenzo Andres 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundPatients with severe oro‐ocular synkinesis often present with concomitant inefficient smile excursion on the affected site. In theory, oculo‐zygomatic nerve transfer may decrease synkinesis and improve smile by redirecting nerve fibers to their target muscle. The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of nerve transfer in human cadavers between a caudal branch innervating the orbicularis oculi to a cephalad branch innervating the zygomaticus major muscles.MethodsEighteen hemi‐faces were dissected. Reach for direct coaptation of a caudal nerve branch innervating the orbicularis oculi muscle to a cephalad nerve branch innervating the zygomaticus major muscle was assessed. Measurements included total number of nerve branches as well as maximum dissection length. Nerve samples were taken from both branches at the site of coaptation and histomorphometric analysis for axonal count was performed.ResultsThe number of sub‐branches to the orbicularis oculi muscle was 3.1 ± 1.0 and to the zygomaticus major muscle 4.7 ± 1.2. The maximal length of dissection of the caudal nerve branch to the orbicularis oculi muscle was 28.3 ± 7.3 mm and for the cranial nerve branch to the zygomaticus major muscle 23.8 ± 6.5 mm. Transection and tension‐free coaptation was possible in all cases but one. The average myelinated fiber counts per mm2 was of 5,173 ± 2,293 for the caudal orbicularis oculi branch and 5,256 ± 1,774 for the cephalad zygomaticus major branch.ConclusionOculo‐zygomatic nerve transfer is an anatomically feasible procedure. The clinical value of this procedure, however, remains to be proven.
Information Loss in Network Pharmacology
Authors: Vogt Ingo , Mestres Jordi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWith the advent of increasing computational power and large‐scale data acquisition, network analysis has become an attractive tool to study the organisation of complex systems and the interrelation of their constituent entities in various scientific domains. In many cases, relations only occur between entities of two different subsets, thereby forming a bipartite network. Often, the analysis of such bipartite networks involves the consideration of its two monopartite projections in order to focus on each entity subset individually as a means to deduce properties of the underlying original network. Although it is broadly acknowledged that this type of projection is not lossless, the inherent limitations of their interpretability are rarely discussed. In this work, we introduce two approaches for measuring the information loss associated with bipartite network projection. Application to two structurally distinct cases in network pharmacology, namely, drug‐target and disease‐gene bipartite networks, confirms that the major determinant of information loss is the degree of vertices omitted during the monopartite projection.
Investigation of TLD and EBT3 performance under the presence of 1.5T, 0.35T, and 0T magnetic field strengths in MR/CT visible materials
Authors: Steinmann A. , O'Brien D. , Stafford R. , Sawakuchi G. , Wen Z. , Court L. , Fuller C. , Followill D. 
Published: April 2019

PurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) and radiochromic EBT3 film inside MR/CT visible geometric head and thorax phantoms in the presence of: 0, 0.35, and 1.5 T magnetic fields.MethodsThermoluminescent Dosimeters reproducibility studies were examined by irradiating IROC‐Houston's TLD acrylic block five times under 0 and 1.5 T configurations of Elekta's Unity system and three times under 0 and 0.35 T configurations of ViewRay's MRIdian Cobalt‐60 (60Co) system. Both systems were irradiated with an equivalent 10 × 10 cm2 field size, and a prescribed dose of 3 Gy to the maximum depth deposition (dmax).EBT3 film and TLDs were investigated using two geometrical Magnetic Resonance (MR)‐guided Radiation Therapy (MRgRT) head and thorax phantoms. Each geometrical phantom had eight quadrants that combined to create a centrally located rectangular tumor (3 × 3 × 5 cm3) surrounded by tissue to form a 15 × 15 × 15 cm3 cubic phantom. Liquid polyvinyl chloride plastic and Superflab were used to simulate the tumor and surrounding tissue in the head phantom, respectively. Synthetic ballistic gel and a heterogeneous in‐house mixture were used to construct the tumor and surrounding tissue in the thorax phantom, respectively. EBT3 and double‐loaded TLDs were used in the phantoms to compare beam profiles and point dose measurements with and without magnetic fields. GEANT4 Monte Carlo simulations were performed to validate the detectors for both Unity 0 T/1.5 T and MRIdian 0 T/0.35 T configurations.ResultsAverage TLD block measurements which, compared the magnetic field effects (magnetic field vs 0 T) on the Unity and MRIdian systems, were 0.5% and 0.6%, respectively. The average ratios between magnetic field effects for the geometric thorax and head phantoms under the Unity system were −0.2% and 1.6% and for the MRIdian system were 0.2% and −0.3%, respectively. Beam profiles generated with both systems agreed with Monte Carlo measurements and previous literature findings.ConclusionsTLDs and EBT3 film dosimeters could potentially be used in MR/CT visible tissue equivalent phantoms that will experience a magnetic field environment.
Influence of respiration‐induced B0 variations in real‐time phase‐contrast echo planar imaging of the cervical cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Peters Kristina , Weiss Kilian , Maintz David , Giese Daniel 
Published: April 2019

PurposeRespiration induces temporal variations of the main magnetic field B0 along the spinal cord. These variations are typically not compensated for in velocity quantifications using phase‐contrast MRI. The goal of this study was to analyze errors caused by respiration‐induced B0 variations in real‐time phase‐contrast echo planar imaging (PCEPI) of cervical cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) velocity measurements and to evaluate this effect for various sequence parameters using numerical simulations.MethodsReal‐time B0 measurements with double gradient echo sequence and PCEPI measurements were acquired in the cervical CSF of 10 healthy subjects. Dynamic phase offsets attributed to respiration‐induced B0 variations were analyzed by quantifying amplitudes and comparing the temporal behavior with respiratory signals. In experiments and simulations, the influence of the echo time (TE) and the delay between PCEPI images (Δt) with respect to respiration on the dynamic phase offsets were investigated.ResultsA good agreement was found between phase offsets extracted from both acquisition types. Furthermore, respiratory signals qualitatively matched the temporal behavior of the measured phase offsets showing a dependency on subject‐dependent local B0 distribution and respiration physiology. Simulations revealed residual background phases in PCEPI velocity quantification varying with TE and Δt.ConclusionRespiration‐induced B0 variations result in dynamic background phases in real‐time PCEPI velocity quantifications of the CSF in the cervical spine. The current work underlines that these background phases need to be corrected to avoid confounding effects.
Testing Bidirectional Associations Between Childhood Aggression and BMI: Results from Three Cohorts
Authors: Derks Ivonne P. M. , Bolhuis Koen , Yalcin Zeynep , Gaillard Romy , Hillegers Manon H. J. , Larsson Henrik , Lundström Sebastian , Lichtenstein Paul , van Beijsterveldt Catharina E. M. , Bartels Meike , Boomsma Dorret I. , Tiemeier Henning , Jansen Pauline W. 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveThis study examined the prospective, potentially bidirectional association of aggressive behavior with BMI and body composition across childhood in three population‐based cohorts.MethodsRepeated measures of aggression and BMI were available from the Generation R Study between ages 6 and 10 years (N = 3,974), the Netherlands Twin Register (NTR) between ages 7 and 10 years (N = 10,328), and the Swedish Twin Study of Child and Adolescent Development (TCHAD) between ages 9 and 14 years (N = 1,462). In all samples, aggression was assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist. Fat mass and fat‐free mass were available in the Generation R Study. Associations were examined with cross‐lagged modeling.ResultsAggressive behavior at baseline was associated with higher BMI at follow‐up in the Generation R Study (β = 0.02, 95% CI: 0.00 to 0.04), in NTR (β = 0.04, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.06), and in TCHAD (β = 0.03, 95% CI: −0.02 to 0.07). Aggressive behavior was prospectively associated with higher fat mass (β = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.05) but not fat‐free mass. There was no evidence that BMI or body composition preceded aggressive behavior.ConclusionsMore aggressive behavior was prospectively associated with higher BMI and fat mass. This suggests that aggression contributes to the obesity problem, and future research should study whether these behavioral pathways to childhood obesity are modifiable.
Directional preference, cognitive behavioural interventions, and outcomes among patients with chronic low back pain
Authors: Edmond Susan L. , Werneke Mark W. , Young Michelle , Grigsby David , McGill Troy , McClenahan Brian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectivesGraded activity and graded exposure are recommended cognitive behavioural approaches to improve function and pain outcomes for patients receiving physiotherapy for chronic nonspecific low back pain. Directional preference identified following the McKenzie method is also associated with favourable patient outcomes. Study objectives were to examine associations between graded activity and/or graded exposure, and directional preference or no directional preference combined with or without graded activity/graded exposure subgroups, and function and pain outcomes among patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain managed by clinicians credentialed in the McKenzie approach.MethodCohort study: Subjects (n = 801) with chronic nonspecific low back pain completed intake surveys, that is, the Lumbar Computer Adaptive Test measuring function and the Numeric Pain Rating Scale measuring pain, and questions addressing their demographic, lifestyle, and health status. Directional preference was determined at intake. Treatment with graded activity/graded exposure during the episode of care was recorded. Function and pain measures were repeated at discharge. Two models were developed controlling for potential confounding effects. The first model examined associations between patients receiving versus not receiving graded activity/graded exposure. The second model examined interaction effects between four combinations of directional preference and graded activity/graded exposure. Outcome measures were changes in function and pain during rehabilitation.ResultsRegarding the first objective, there were no clinically relevant differences between treatment versus no treatment with graded activity/graded exposure, and functional outcomes. Regarding the second objective, patients in the no‐directional preference group were more likely to see benefits from the addition of graded activity/graded exposure to their treatment groups than those with a directional preference.ConclusionClinicians using McKenzie methods might attain improved patient functional outcomes when augmenting treatment with graded activity and/or graded exposure among patients who do not demonstrate directional preference.
Crystal structure of the coiled‐coil domain of Drosophila TRIM protein Brat
Authors: Liu Chunhua , Shan Zelin , Diao Jianqiao , Wen Wenyu , Wang Wenning 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Drosophila brain tumor (Brat) is a translational repressor belonging to the tripartite motif (TRIM) protein superfamily. During the asymmetric division of Drosophila neuroblasts, Brat localizes at the basal cortex via direct interaction with the scaffolding protein Miranda (Mira), and segregates into the basal ganglion mother cells after cell division. It was previously reported that both the coiled‐coil (CC) and NHL domains of Brat are required for the interaction with Mira, but the underlying structural basis is elusive. Here, we determine the crystal structure of Brat‐CC domain (aa 376‐511) at 2.5 Å, showing that Brat‐CC forms an elongated antiparallel dimer through an unconventional CC structure. The dimeric assembly in Brat‐CC structure is similar to its counterparts in other TRIM proteins, but Brat‐CC also exhibits some distinct structural features. We also demonstrate that the CC domain could not bind Mira by its own, neither does the isolated NHL domain of Brat. Rather, Brat binds to Mira through the CC‐NHL domain tandem, indicating that the function of the CC domain is to assemble Brat‐NHL in dimeric form, which is necessary for Mira binding.
A computational investigation on core‐expanded subphthalocyanines
Authors: Peng Suoping , Zheng Shaohui 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSubazaphenalenephthalocyanines are the derivatives of boron subphthalocyanine chloride with a core‐expanded six‐membered ring, which have a wide absorption range in the visible region and seem to have great potential to be new photo‐electro materials. However, it is still an open question how the core expansion influences the electronic and optical properties of boron subphthalocyanine chloride. In the present work, three subazaphenalenephthalocyanine molecules, having one, two, and three six‐membered rings, are explored by using density functional theory. The relaxation energy, electronic structures, UV‐Vis spectra, and exciton binding energy of three molecules are calculated, and the open circuit voltages of subazaphenalenephthalocyanine/C60 solar cells are roughly predicted using an empirical equation. The results show that the planarity, the wavelength of absorption peaks, and HOMO energy increase gradually along with the increasing number of expanded rings, while the trends of open circuit voltage and relaxation energy are opposite. We find that the subazaphenalenephthalocyanine molecule with three six‐membered rings seems to have great potential to be a new donor material of organic solar cell because it has the smallest exciton binding energy and relaxation energy, and strong absorption strength in the visible region.
Palladium Grafted Functionalized Nanomaterial: An Efficient Catalyst for the CO2 Fixation of Amines and Production of Organic Carbamates
Authors: Ghosh Swarbhanu , Ghosh Aniruddha , Biswas Surajit , Sengupta Manideepa , Roy Dipanwita , Islam Sk. Manirul 
Published: April 2019

AbstractChemical fixation of carbon dioxide through suitable catalytic pathways is very demanding in the context of sustainable environment. An environmentally benign synthetic studies of N‐formylated amine derivatives by carbon dioxide fixation of amines have been investigated in presence of Merrifield resin supported palladium nanomaterial (Pd‐PS‐amtp catalyst) at ambient temperature. Poly(methylhydrosiloxane) was employed as a susceptible hydride transferring agent in the present CO2 fixation reaction. Further this catalyst exhibited an extended catalytic activity for the production of organic carbamates from dimethyl carbonate and aromatic amines. The Pd‐PS‐amtp nanomaterial has been produced by two step strategies and systematically characterized by FTIR, UV‐Vis, FE‐SEM and TGA‐DTA analysis. The benefits of this system are quite economical, high recycling efficiency and consuming short reaction time to allow significant product yield. The production of organic carbamates in presence of the present catalyst is a phosgene‐free procedure where dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is utilized both as carboxylating agent and solvent. The recovery of Pd‐PS‐amtp nanomaterial could easily be performed after the reactions and recyclable up to six times without considerable reduction in catalytic activity.
Highly Stretchable, Adaptable, and Durable Strain Sensing Based on a Bioinspired Dynamically Cross‐Linked Graphene/Polymer Composite
Authors: Lin Shuyuan , Zhao Xuanliang , Jiang Xin , Wu Anqi , Ding Hanlin , Zhong Yujia , Li Jing , Pan Jialiang , Liu Bin , Zhu Hongwei 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFlexible strain sensors can detect physical signals (e.g., temperature, humidity, and flow) by sensing electrical deviation under dynamic deformation, and they have been used in diverse fields such as human motion detection, medical care, speech recognition, and robotics. Existing sensing materials have relatively low adaptability and durability and are not stretchable and flexible enough for complex tasks in motion detection. In this work, a highly flexible self‐healing conductive polymer composite consisting of graphene, poly(acrylic acid) and amorphous calcium carbonate is prepared via a biomineralization‐inspired process. The polymer composite shows good editability and processability and can be fabricated into stretchable strain sensors of various structures (sandwich structures, fibrous structures, self‐supporting structures, etc.). The developed sensors can be attached on different types of surfaces (e.g., flat, cambered) and work well both in air and under water in detecting various biosignals, including crawling, undulatory locomotion, and human body motion.
Electric Field Induced Molecular Assemblies Showing Different Nanostructures and Distinct Emission Colors
Authors: Ma Yun , Zhao Weiwei , She Pengfei , Liu Suyi , Shen Liang , Li Xiangling , Liu Shujuan , Zhao Qiang , Huang Wei , Wong Wai‐Yeung 
Published: April 2019

AbstractApplication of external stimuli in self‐assembly processes would offer greater degrees of freedom to regulate the supramolecular nanostructures and functions of self‐assembling molecules. In particular, the utilization of electric field to control molecular self‐assembly is of fundamental significance, and it contributes to the development of applications in nanofabrication and optoelectronic fields. Here, the self‐assembly of an anionic platinum complex ([Pt(tfmpy)(CN)2]−Bu4N+, tfmpy = 2‐(4‐(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyridine) is studied in the absence or presence of an electric field. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images demonstrate an interesting morphological transformation from rod‐like to flower‐shaped nanoaggregate structures. For rod‐like nanostructure, selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis suggest that the Bu4N+ cations are squeezed between adjacent platinum(II) complex anions, forming alternating layers of two ions. In addition, SAED result suggests that the flower‐shaped nanoaggregate is constructed by a layer‐by‐layer packing through the formation of Pt⋅⋅⋅Pt and π–π stacking interactions. Importantly, confocal fluorescence imaging shows that these two different stable assemblies possess distinct emission colors and lifetimes. This unique feature might be useful in various optoelectronic applications including data recording, anti‐counterfeiting, smart windows, etc.
Study on assessment of slope stability and mixed disposal of overburden in voids of Singrauli Coalfield
Authors: Shirin Saba , Jamal Aarif , Ranjan Pushkar , Yadav Akhilesh Kumar 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe mining industry can be considered the backbone of the Indian economy as well as facilitating the power that drives most of the other industries in the company. The overburden and waste rocks produced during coal mining are major concerns in regard to the amount of land that is required for their disposal, as well as the stability of dumps for these materials, which are of increasing height. Land reclamation issues are also a concern. In this work the adverse impacts caused by the dumping of overburden on land and acidic mine water on water bodies is discussed. Remote sensing tools were used along with the laboratory experimentation to assess the various impacts. This study also shows that silt released from waste dumps, can affected the angle of repose of the overburden dump slope. The angle of repose of the overburden materials varies with particle size composition. Thus, use of in‐pit crushers in large opencast mining operations can effectively reduce the area locked under the waste dumps. The acid neutralization potential of fly ash and overburden for the treatment of acid water was tested in the laboratory by using fly ash and waste rock materials on acidic coalfield water. The results are encouraging, and fly ash may prove to be a good acid neutralizer when used in conjunction of coal overburden material.
Evaluation of Indicators of Female Sexual Dysfunction in Adult Entertainers
Authors: Dubin Justin M. , Greer Aubrey B. , Valentine Cadence , O’Brien Ian T. , Leue Eric P. , Paz Lisa , Lynne Charles M. , Winter Ashley G. , Ramasamy Ranjith 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) incorporates a wide range of sexual issues within the female population; however, it has not been evaluated among female adult entertainers.

Aim
To evaluate the prevalence of FSD in women working in the adult entertainment industry.

Methods
A 53-question online survey was distributed to female adult entertainers via e-mail through collaboration with the Free Speech Coalition, the North American Trade Association of the Adult Industry. Surveys were sent by the Free Speech Coalition to those within the Performer Availability Screening Services database who met the criteria of having biological vaginas and having experience as adult entertainers. The surveys were answered anonymously. Statistical analysis was performed with Stata/IC 15.1.

Main Outcome Measures
The survey acquired baseline characteristics, use of contraceptives, sexual activity, work vs home sexual satisfaction, and orgasm, in addition to evaluation of female sexual function using the Female Sexual Function Index survey, with a total score &lt;26.55 indicative of FSD.

Results
Of the 147 respondents, 96 (65%) met inclusion criteria of adequately completing the survey, having a biological vagina, and working in the adult entertainment industry. The mean age was 34.1 ± 10.3 years (range 20–66). The average Female Sexual Function Index score was 28.7 ± 5.6, and 24.0% (23 of 96) of entertainers had scores indicative of FSD. Overall, women found their personal sex lives more satisfying when compared with their professional sex lives (3.99 ± 1.40 vs 3.08 ± 1.52, P &lt; .01). When comparing women with FSD to those without FSD, women with FSD had less sexual satisfaction at home (2.8 ± 1.7 vs 4.4 ± 1.0, P &lt; .01), fewer overall sexual events (7.0 ± 6.7 FSD vs 12.9 ± 10.0 non-FSD, P &lt; .01), and fewer satisfying sexual events overall (3.3 ± 4.2 vs 10.7 ± 8.7, P &lt; .01).

Clinical Implications
FSD is prevalent among all women, including those within the adult entertainment industry, and must be addressed during patient interactions.

Strength & Limitation
This is the first study to evaluate the novel group of female adult entertainers. Despite this novel population, the study size is rather small and is susceptible to response bias.

Conclusion
FSD appeared to be less prevalent among female adult entertainers than rates commonly quoted for the general population and was more often seen in the women with less satisfying personal sex lives.