bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Celiac disease gene expression data can be used to classify biopsies along the Marsh score severity scale
Authors: Charlesworth Richard P G , Agnew Linda L , Scott David R , Andronicos Nicholas M 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackground and AimThe diagnosis of celiac disease autoimmune pathology relies on the subjective histological assignment of biopsies into Marsh score categories. It is hypothesized that Marsh score categories have unique gene expression signatures. The aims were as follows: first, to develop a celiac disease quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) array; second, define gene expression signatures associated with Marsh score categories; and third, develop equations that classify biopsies into Marsh score categories and to monitor the efficacy of patient treatment.MethodsGene targets for inclusion in the celiac RT‐PCR (qRT‐PCR) array were identified using systematic analysis of published celiac transcriptomic data. The array was used to assess the gene expression associated with histological changes in duodenal biopsies obtained from adult patients. Finally, Marsh score classification equations were defined using discriminant analysis.ResultsThe array contained 87 genes. The expression of 26 genes were significantly (p < 0.06) associated with the discrete Marsh score categories. As the Marsh score pathology of biopsies increased, there was a progression of innate immune gene expression through adaptive Th1‐specific gene expression with a concurrent decrease in intestinal structural gene expression in high Marsh score samples. These 26 genes were used to define classification equations that accounted for 99% of the observed experimental variation and which could classify biopsies into Marsh score categories and monitor patient treatment progression.ConclusionsThis proof‐of‐concept study successfully developed a celiac RT‐PCR array and has provided evidence that discriminant equations defined using gene expression data can objectively and accurately classify duodenal biopsies into Marsh score categories.
Substance use disorders in patients with intellectual disability admitted to psychiatric hospitalisation
Authors: Salavert J. , Clarabuch A. , Fernández‐Gómez M. J. , Barrau V. , Giráldez M. P. , Borràs J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have looked at the prevalence of substance use disorders (SUD) in people with intellectual disability (ID). The results range between 1% and 6.4% and go up to 20% in people with ID and psychiatric disorders, probably underestimating real prevalence due to several limitations in these studies. ID confers risk for the development of SUD, which in turn will involve negative psychosocial and clinical consequences. We aimed to study the prevalence of SUD in a sample of patients with ID admitted to a brief hospitalisation psychiatric unit, describing them by type and severity and analysing their relationship with clinical, prognostic and access to treatment variables.MethodsWe undertook a descriptive, cross‐sectional and retrospective study by means of a review of clinical histories of all patients with a diagnosis of ID, admitted in a period of 10 years.ResultsAmong the final sample of patients included, 52.3% had a mild ID, 40.9% an unspecified ID, 3.4% a moderate ID and another 3.4% a severe ID. More than one third of the sample met criteria for a SUD. The main SUD was cannabis use disorder (25%), followed by alcohol use disorder (22.7%) and cocaine use disorder (13.6%). The use of more than one substance was the most frequent pattern. Cannabis use disorder and cocaine use disorder were overrepresented in the group with mild ID. A greater number of psychiatric admissions was observed for the group with SUD. Specialised mental health services for ID and specialised addiction network facilities were much less involved in the care of these patients that could be expected according to good clinical practice recommendations.ConclusionsSubstance use disorder in patients with ID and mental health disorders admitted to psychiatric hospitalisation are prevalent, which makes this issue an area of interest for future improvements in case identification, proper referring to specialised treatment resources and an increasing research focusing on specific therapeutic approaches.
The combination of ribose and adenine promotes adenosine release and attenuates the intensity and frequency of epileptiform activity in hippocampal slices: Evidence for the rapid depletion of cellular ATP during electrographic seizures
Authors: Hall Jessicka , Frenguelli Bruno G. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn addition to being the universal cellular energy source, ATP is the primary reservoir for the neuromodulator adenosine. Consequently, adenosine is produced during ATP‐depleting conditions, such as epileptic seizures, during which adenosine acts as an anticonvulsant to terminate seizure activity and raise the threshold for subsequent seizures. These actions protect neurones from excessive ionic fluxes and hence preserve the remaining cellular content of ATP. We have investigated the consequences of manipulation of intracellular ATP levels on adenosine release and epileptiform activity in hippocampal slices by pre‐incubating slices (3 h) with creatine (1 mM) and the combination of ribose (1 mM) and adenine (50 μM; RibAde). Creatine buffers and protects the concentration of cellular ATP, whereas RibAde restores the reduced cellular ATP in brain slices to near physiological levels. Using electrophysiological recordings and microelectrode biosensors for adenosine, we find that, while having no effect on basal synaptic transmission or paired‐pulse facilitation, pre‐incubation with creatine reduced adenosine release during Mg2+−free/4‐aminopyridine‐induced electrographic seizure activity, whereas RibAde increased adenosine release. This increased release of adenosine was associated with an attenuation of both the intensity and frequency of seizure activity. Given the depletion of ATP after injury to the brain, the propensity for seizures after trauma and the risk of epileptogenesis, therapeutic strategies elevating the cellular reservoir of adenosine may have value in the traumatized brain. Ribose and adenine are both in use in man and thus their combination merits consideration as a potential therapeutic for the acutely injured central nervous system.
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Caregiver experience, health‐related quality of life and life satisfaction among informal caregivers to patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Sandstedt Petter , Littorin Susanne , Cröde Widsell Gunilla , Johansson Sverker , Gottberg Kristina , Ytterberg Charlotte , Olsson Mariann , Widén Holmqvist Lotta , Kierkegaard Marie 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesThis study set out to describe caregiver experience, health‐related quality of life and life satisfaction among informal caregivers to patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and to explore factors associated with caregivers’ health‐related quality of life and life satisfaction.BackgroundKnowledge about factors related to caregivers’ health‐related quality of life and life satisfaction is important for identification of those at risk for ill health and for development of support and care.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsForty‐nine informal caregivers and 49 patients were included. Standardised and study‐specific questionnaires were used for data collection on caregiver experience (Caregiver Reaction Assessment), health‐related quality of life (EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale, SF‐36), life satisfaction (Life Satisfaction Checklist) and caregiver‐ and patient‐related factors. Associations were explored by regression analyses.ResultsBoth positive and negative caregiver experience were reported, and health‐related quality of life and life satisfaction were below national reference values. Positive experience was associated with better and negative with worse mental health‐related quality of life. Factors related to informal caregivers (sex, age, living conditions) and patients (anxiety and/or depression) were related to caregivers’ health‐related quality and life satisfaction.ConclusionThe results indicate the need to consider the individual caregiver's experience when planning services, care and support. It is important to adopt person‐centred care, not only for patients but also for their informal caregivers, as factors related to both parties were associated with the informal caregivers’ health‐related quality of life and life satisfaction.Relevance to clinical practiceOur study suggests that promoting positive experience and providing services and support to reduce negative aspects of caregiving might be important strategies for healthcare personnel to improve informal caregivers’ health.
Incidence and risk factors of incontinence‐associated dermatitis among patients in the intensive care unit
Authors: Wang Xinran , Zhang Yu , Zhang Xiaoxue , Zhao Xiaowei , Xian Hongtao 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveTo investigate the incidence of incontinence‐associated dermatitis (IAD) among patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) and to identify potential risk factors to establish a reference for clinical nursing work.BackgroundPatients in the ICU are susceptible to IAD. IAD is painful, reduces the patient's quality of life and adds to the workload of clinical medical staff. However, risk factors associated with IAD may differ between countries and healthcare settings.DesignProspective cohort studyMethodsFrom November 2016 to November 2017, a prospective cohort study was conducted among109 patients in three Class 3, Grade A hospitals (comprising 9 ICUs in total) in Beijing. The Incontinence‐associated Dermatitis and Its Severity (IADS) instrument in Chinese was applied to assess IAD. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for IAD.ResultsThe study population had 29 community‐acquired and 80 nosocomial infections, and 26 (incidence: 23.9%) of these had IAD. On univariate analysis, a significant difference was observed between patients with and without IAD with respect to the following indices: Barthel index, Braden scale score, Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS2002) score, serum albumin level, occurrence of infection, faecal incontinence, frequency of faecal incontinence, stool property and double (faecal and urinary) incontinence and perineal assessment tool (PAT) score (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that three factors entered the regression equation—that is, the Braden Scale Score, serum albumin level and double incontinence. Of these, the Braden Scale Score and serum albumin level were protective factors for IAD. Thus, the higher the Braden Scale Score, the lower the risk of IAD (OR = 0.678, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.494–0.931); a higher level of serum albumin implies a lower risk of IAD, provided it is within the normal range (OR = 0.884, 95%CI = 0.797–0.981). Double incontinence was an independent risk factor for IAD (OR = 10.512, 95% CI = 2.492–44.342).ConclusionA higher morbidity of IAD is seen in the ICU. Specific preventive and nursing measures are required to maintain the skin integrity of critically ill patients in daily nursing practice to improve patient quality of life and the quality of nursing care.Relevance to clinical practiceIncontinence‐associated dermatitis is characterised by inflammation and tissue damage due to prolonged/repeated exposure to urine and/or stool. Not every patient with urine and/or stool incontinence develops IAD. Medical staff can use research‐based evidence to identify ICU patients at risk of IAD to reduce morbidity and improve health outcomes.
Relatives’ strategies in subacute brain injury rehabilitation: The warrior, the observer and the hesitant
Authors: Guldager Rikke , Willis Karen , Larsen Kristian , Poulsen Ingrid 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundRelative involvement is crucial in rehabilitation when patients are incapable of being involved due to cognitive and functional dysfunction. However, studies have shown that this is complex because of differing understandings of the meaning of involvement as well as diverse needs to be involved.Aims and objectivesTo explore the experience of the rehabilitation process from the perspectives of relatives of patients with a traumatic brain injury. The aim of the study was, through a theoretical‐empirical analysis, to identify relatives’ strategies and practices in the rehabilitation process as evidenced in meetings with providers.DesignA longitudinal study with a qualitative approach, drawing on the theory of Pierre Bourdieu.MethodsData were generated using participant observation and semi‐structured interviews. Participants were eleven relatives of patients with a severe traumatic brain injury, followed through in‐patient rehabilitation varying from 9–12 weeks. Analysis was undertaken using both an inductive and deductive approach.FindingsDrawing on Bourdieu's concept of strategy, three relative positions were identified, the warrior, the observer and the hesitant. These positions illustrate how different relative positions and their related dispositions influence the strategies used by relatives of patients with a severe traumatic brain injury evidenced in how they act, participate and relate to both the patient and the providers during the course of rehabilitation.ConclusionsAcknowledging the relatives’ positions during the rehabilitation process enables better understanding and support of the relatives in the rehabilitation process to meet their (and thus the patients’) diverse needs.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings have practical implications in informing how clinicians meet, interact, communicate and involve relatives of adult patients’ with traumatic brain injury in decision‐making during rehabilitation.
In Vitro Evaluation of Adhesion of Candida albicans on CAD/CAM PMMA‐Based Polymers
Authors: Murat Sema , Alp Gülce , Alatalı Canan , Uzun Meltem 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPurposeTo compare the amount of adherent Candida albicans to different CAD/CAM poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)‐based polymers and conventional heat‐polymerized PMMA after long‐term thermal cycling.Materials and MethodsThe specimens were subjected to 10,000 thermal cycles (5‐55°C) and divided into two groups, uncoated and pellicle‐coated. Surface roughness and contact angles of the specimens were measured. The surface morphology was observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). An adhesion test was performed by incubating the disk specimens in C. albicans suspensions at 37°C for 2 hours, and the adherent cells were counted under an optical microscope. The data were analyzed statistically using a variance analysis and Tukey HSD post hoc comparison test. The correlation between measurements was tested using a Pearson correlation analysis (α = 0.05).ResultsCAD/CAM polymers generally showed statistically significant lowest Ra and contact angle values, whereas conventional PMMA showed the highest Ra and contact angle values in the uncoated group (p < 0.05). Pellicle coating essentially increased contact angle of all materials and reduced the differences in a number of Candida cells on the materials (p < 0.05). Candida adhesion was statistically significantly greatest on conventional PMMA when compared to CAD/CAM polymers. A strong positive correlation was found between the surface roughness of the specimens (p < 0.05) and the amount of adhered cells, whereas no correlation was found between hydrophobicity of the specimens and the amount of adhered cells (p > 0.05).ConclusionsCAD/CAM PMMA‐based polymers may be preferable to reduce Candida‐associated denture stomatitis in long‐term use.
Effects of pearl millet silage ammoniation with urea on carcass and meat quality of lambs
Authors: de Carvalho Gleidson G. P. , de Freitas Poliane Meire D. , Santos Edson M. , Araújo Gherman G. L. , de Oliveira Juliana S. , Rodrigues Thomaz Cyro G. de C. , de Araujo Maria Leonor G. M. L. , de Assis Dallyson Yehudi C. , Roça Roberto de O. , de Delbem Nara Laiane C. , Lomele Renata L. , Leite Laudi C. , Rodrigues Carlindo S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of pearl millet silage ammoniated with urea on lamb carcass characteristics and meat quality. Thirty‐two noncastrated crossbred lambs at 4–5 months of age, with an average initial body weight of 17.39 ± 2.16 kg, were distributed into four treatments in a randomized block experimental design with eight animals per treatment. Experimental diets were composed of pearl millet silage ammoniated with four levels of urea (0%, 2%, 4% and 6%, on dry matter basis (DM). Carcass conformation and fatness decreased linearly (p < 0.05). Except for the fat content, the proximate composition was not influenced (p < 0.05) by the diets. Meat lightness and yellowness increased linearly (p < 0.05). There was no effect of diets (p > 0.05) on cooking losses or shear force. The levels of oleic and erucic fatty acid levels in the meat decreased linearly (p < 0.05), whereas linoleic and eicosadienoic acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, PUFA:SFA ratio and ω6 contents increased (p < 0.05). Pearl millet silage ammoniated with urea allows for the production of good‐quality lamb meat, with greater concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, lambs fed diets with pearl millet ammoniated with up to 6% lead to a reduction of carcass characteristics without significantly affecting loin‐eye area possibly associated with low palatability of the additive used. The lower acceptance of the silages with higher levels of urea is due to the ammonia retention in the material is attributed to the ammonization process. Thus, in spite of the benefits on lamb meat quality, it is suggested that the use of this additive in the ammonization of tropical forages be carried out with care, in limits of up to 6%.
Prevalence, extent and severity of peri‐implant diseases. A cross‐sectional study based on a university setting in Brazil
Authors: Matarazzo F. , Sabóia‐Gomes R. , Alves B. E. S. , de Oliveira R. P. , Araújo M. G. 
Published: July 2018

Background and objectivePeri‐implant diseases are a growing concern among clinicians. Epidemiological studies following recently recommended case definitions for peri‐implant diseases are emerging worldwide. Although a small number of studies on the prevalence of peri‐implant diseases has been conducted in Brazil, no information on the extent and severity of the condition has been made available so far. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence, extent and severity of peri‐implant diseases in patients treated in a university setting in Brazil.Material and methodsPatients with dental implants with at least 1 year in function were clinically and radiographically examined and classified according to recently recommended case definitions. A descriptive analysis on the prevalence, extent and severity of the peri‐implant status at patient and implant level was performed. Risk indicators for peri‐implantitis were also identified with binary logistic regression analysis.ResultsOf the 211 participating individuals, 4 (1.9%) presented peri‐implant health, 8 (3.8%) clinical stability, 115 (54.5%) mucositis and 84 (39.8%) peri‐implantitis. Of the 748 implants analyzed, 47 (6.3%) presented peri‐implant health, 30 (4%) clinical stability, 518 (69.2%) mucositis and 153 (20.5%) peri‐implantitis. The extent of implants with peri‐implantitis and peri‐implant mucositis was 41.5% and 90.4%, respectively. Severe peri‐implantitis was found in 36 patients (17.1%) and 67 implants (9%). Gender male, number of implants ≥4, implants installed in the maxilla, cemented prosthesis and keratinized mucosa width <2 mm were significantly associated with the event peri‐implantitis.ConclusionIn the studied population, the prevalence, extent and severity of the peri‐implant diseases were similar to those reported elsewhere. Peri‐implant diseases were a common finding, with only 5.7% of patients and 10.3% of implants presenting peri‐implant health or clinical stability. About 17% of patients studied presented the severe form of peri‐implantitis.
Certification of fitness to drive in sleep apnea patients: Are we doing the right thing?
Authors: Grote Ludger , Svedmyr Sven , Hedner Jan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractNew European Union (EU) regulations state that untreated moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) coincident with excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) constitutes a medical disorder leading to unfitness to drive. However, fitness to drive can be re‐established by successful treatment of OSA and EDS. The aim of the current study was to compare patients undergoing the certification process with those of an unselected OSA patient cohort. The study compared consecutive patients in the certification group (n = 132) with a representative group of OSA patients with a current driving license and an Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI) ≥ 15 n/h (n = 790). The adherence to positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy and the change in EDS (Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS] score) with treatment were analysed. Patient characteristics and severity of sleep apnea did not differ significantly between groups (certification/reference group: BMI 30 ± 5/31 ± 5 kg/m2, AHI 33 ± 20/36 ± 20 n/hr, ESS 12 ± 6/11 ± 5). However, the certification group was oversampled with elderly drivers (70–85 years: 22% vs. 9%, p = 0.001). PAP compliance was higher in the certification group than in the reference group (PAP use ≥ 4 hr/night in 96% vs. 53%, p = 0.001) and mean ESS reduction was ‐8.0 (‐8.9 – ‐7.1) versus ‐4.0 (‐4.4 – ‐3.5), respectively (p < 0.001). Patients attending the fitness to drive evaluation reported almost complete adherence to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and elimination of EDS symptoms. Besides possible baseline differences, this strong response may be explained by factors such as a selection process of elderly patients, a self‐rating component in the assessment of the treatment response and the threat of a driving license suspension. Our data suggest that an improved certification process with objective rather than subjective components, along with a reduced selection bias, is warranted.
Road Damage Detection and Classification Using Deep Neural Networks with Smartphone Images
Authors: Maeda Hiroya , Sekimoto Yoshihide , Seto Toshikazu , Kashiyama Takehiro , Omata Hiroshi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractResearch on damage detection of road surfaces using image processing techniques has been actively conducted. This study makes three contributions to address road damage detection issues. First, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time, a large‐scale road damage data set is prepared, comprising 9,053 road damage images captured using a smartphone installed on a car, with 15,435 instances of road surface damage included in these road images. Next, we used state‐of‐the‐art object detection methods using convolutional neural networks to train the damage detection model with our data set, and compared the accuracy and runtime speed on both, using a GPU server and a smartphone. Finally, we demonstrate that the type of damage can be classified into eight types with high accuracy by applying the proposed object detection method. The road damage data set, our experimental results, and the developed smartphone application used in this study are publicly available (https://github.com/sekilab/RoadDamageDetector/).