bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CORONAL INSTABILITIES
Authors: Einaudi G. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe interest in the stability of coronal structures derives from their observed lifetime (much longer than the relevant hydromagnetic timescale) coupled with their active behavior. This fact implies that these structures must be globally stable with respect to fast and destructive instabilities and, at the same time, must allow some local, non-disrupting, dissipative process to take place. In highly magnetized media as solar and stellar coronae a large number of plasma instabilities can occur. The present review will concentrate on those governed by the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations with the inclusion of the effects of finite resistivity and viscosity and the use of an energy equation where radiation, mechanical heating and thermal conduction are considered.
Comets and Constraints on Solar System Formation
Authors: Levasseur-Regourd A.Chantal 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNew and important data have been obtained during the 1985-1986 return of comet Halley, including in situ observations of the nucleus and the coma. Since the interpretation of the observations is not straightforward, the results are presented in a rather conservative manner. Some clues to the solar system formation are suggested, e.g. the shape of the nucleus, its low density, the estimated mass of the Oort cloud, the elemental abundances in comet Halley. Constraints related to isotopie abundances (deuterium enrichment, possible anomalies in carbon isotopes) and to cometary dust (complex organic compounds, submicron sized dust particles) are extensively discussed.
Circumstellar Lines in Beta Pictoris
Authors: Boggess Albert 
Published: June 2019

Beta Pictoris has attracted special attention since the detection of circumstellar (CS) dust emission by the Infrared Astronomy Satellite (Aumann et al 1984) and subsequent imaging of an extended disk (Smith & Terrile 1984). A central cavity in the dust disk (Telesco et al. 1988) and episodes of infalling high-density gas (Kondo & Bruhweiler 1985) have also been found. The infalling gas is highly variable in infall velocity and mass rate (Bruhweiler, Kondo & Grady 1991). Sporadic mass outflow events have also occurred, implying that some of the CS gas may be stellar ejecta.These observations of the gas around β Pic by the Goddard High-Resolution Spectrograph (GHRS) represent a significant enhancement in velocity resolution and S/N over previous UV studies of this star and permit for the first time a simultaneous probe of the density and velocity structure of the CSgas.
Introductory Remarks on Late Stages of Evolution of Low-Mass Stars
Authors: Habing H.J. 
Published: June 2019

These largely historical remarks were meant for those in the audience that had not followed the developments in recent years.One of the great achievements of astrophysics in this century was the discovery of the source of the solar (and stellar) energy: the fusion of hydrogen into helium. It became also clear that once the conditions for hydrogen burning become unfavourable the star switches to the burning of helium: a contraction of the central region increases the temperature and pressure until the helium starts to burn into carbon and oxygen. In this way one imagines that stars during their lifetime go through successive phases of atomic fusion, with the endproduct of the previous phase as the fusion element for the one following. This succession can continue until the iron core is reached; thereafter the fusion becomes exothermic, and is no longer a viable source of energy; perhaps a supernova should follow here. As we know now (and will be discussed here), this succession is interrupted by mass loss; most stars do not develop beyond the second core, one of carbon and oxygen.
The IR Color Evolution of Circumstellar Shells
Authors: Lewis B. M. , Terzian Yervant 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe far IR colors of circumstellar shells are delimited by those with masers; few other objects share the same colors. The resulting (25–12)µm color range is primarily due to secular increases in the mass-loss rate, up to a progenitor-mass dependent maximum. Only the most massive progenitors can sustain the mass-loss rate required by the reddest shells.
Archival of Radio Source Catalogues: Present Status and Prospects
Authors: Andernach Heinz 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRecent proliferation of large radioastronomical source surveys and resulting data products are reviewed, and attention is drawn to their poor archival status. First practical steps are proposed to establish a radio source data base from published source catalogues, proceeding with time from the bigger and recent ones to the smaller and older ones. At later stages the data base could assimilate unpublished data, spectral-line data and also images.
The HST Observations Archive at ST ScI
Authors: Allen Ron 
Published: June 2019

1.All data generated by HST are preserved in a specially-designed interim archive system, the “Data Management Facility” at ST ScI.2.Data is currently being written to 2 Gb – 12” optical disks at the rate of about 0.5 Gb/day = 35 exposures/day.3.A catalog is produced as the data is archived. This catalog is publically accessible and currently contains information on over 19,000 exposures (images, spectra, flat fields, calibration data, etc.)4.About 14,000 exposures are now non-proprietary; more than a third of these are observations of sky targets obtained during OV/SV.
C. Asinius Pollio and theEclogues
Authors: Cairns Francis 
Published: June 2019

1. The addressees/honorands of the EcloguesTheEcloguesare universally regarded as a highly structured literary artefact, and some scholars believe that Virgil'ssumma manusmodified the contents of individual poems at the book's final stage to achieve balance and symmetry. Whether or not such modification took place, the pattern of addressees/honorands in the collection – where they exist – ought to have some significance. The following table sets them out:1.deus(7) =iuuenem(42), usually identified as Octavian2.None3.C. Asinius Pollio (84–9)4.C. Asinius Pollio (esp. 11–14)5.None6.P. Alfenus Varus (6–7); C. Cornelius Gallus (64–73)7.None8.tu(6–13), often identified as C. Asinius Pollio, but by some as Octavian9.P. Alfenus Varus (26–9); L. Varius Rufus and C. Helvius Cinna (35–6); (?)‘Caesar’ (cf.Dionaei … Caesaris astrum, 47–9)10.C. Cornelius Gallus (passim)
Second Thoughts on Longus's Second Thoughts
Authors: Young Douglas 
Published: June 2019

Though several leading Greek scholars expressed agreement with my theory (PCPS N.S. XIV (1968), 65–74) that our bifid manuscript tradition of Longus derives from two recensions by Longus himself, I had not expected it to go unchallenged, especially as the lecture in which I set it out necessarily could not explain in detail many passages of which the sense is not immediately apparent. Therefore I welcome Mr M. D. Reeve's detailed criticisms (PCPS N.S. XV (1969), 75–85). I am confident that, given space, I could refute all his objections; but I confine these remarks to a few by way of examples.In the first passage that Mr Reeve discusses (p. 76), II.19.1, we may examine closely the author's earlier draft, as I think it, reflected in the manuscript A (Laurentianus, Conventi soppressi 627). It runs, with my punctuation:Yet the affair had not altogether ended. But the men from Methymna, returning with difficulty to their own city, wounded, while the local inhabitants were luxuriating and being at ease, supplicated them to come to their help, and convened an assembly of the citizens, and, proffering suppliants' olive-branches, supplicated to be thought worthy of revenge.
The effects of adding oil to liquid feed supplements on feed intakes and milk production of high yielding Holstein cows
Authors: Lawson R.E. , Derrick R. , Blake J.S. 
Published: June 2019

The feed intake of high yielding, early lactation Holstein cows is often inadequate to meet the animal’s requirements for energy and a more concentrated energy source is essential. Oil has a high energy content, so feeds containing oil can help increase the overall concentration of energy in the diet. However, high oil inclusions can lower milk fat and protein level.The objective of this study was to examine the effects of the addition of increasing levels of oil to a molasses blend (4 kg/cow/day) on feed intake, milk yield and milk composition of dairy cows.
Genetic analysis of birth weight and related traits in Dorset Down and Hampshire Down sheep
Authors: Roden J. A. , Finch J. M. , Haresign W. 
Published: June 2019

In recent years genetic improvement programmes for sheep in the UK have been primarily directed towards the improvement of growth and carcase traits. The possible correlated responses in other production traits, that may not be of such obvious economic importance, have not been fully assessed. Birth weight is such a trait.Although of no direct economic importance, birth weight is an important trait in sheep production. There is a known relationship between birth weight and lamb survival, with lambs of both low and very high birth weight being at greater risk. There have, however, been very few genetic studies of the trait. The aim of this study, which is part of a larger project covering a number of breeds, was to estimate the direct and maternal heritability of birth weight and its genetic correlations with 8 week weight in the Dorset Down and Hampshire Down breeds. In addition the genetic trend in birth weight over a fourteen year period is assessed.
Is It Finally Time for India's Free Trade Agreements? The ASEAN “Present” and the RCEP “Future”
Authors: CHAKRABORTY Debashis , CHAISSE Julien , QIAN Xu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSince the inception of the WTO in 1995, India enthusiastically explored export-promotion strategies through multilateral trade reforms. However, the country has moved towards the regional trade route since 2004, primarily owing to the slow progress of the Doha Round negotiations. As a result, the whole architecture of international trade law and governance is being redesigned in the Asia Pacific region. This paper focuses on the pivotal role played by India in this rebalancing. Given the stress on services exports and investment requirements, India focused on entering into comprehensive agreements encompassing merchandise and services trade as well as investment provisions. Presently, India is involved in the ongoing Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership [RCEP] negotiations, where ASEAN remains at the core. The current analysis evaluates the Indo-ASEAN trade patterns and evolving dynamics over the last decade through select trade indices, and comments on the future of the RCEP.
An Empirical Look at U.S. Treaty Practice: Some Preliminary Conclusions
Authors: Buys Cindy Galway 
Published: June 2019

The title of this Agora and the first question it poses both ask whether treaties are in decline. With respect to multilateral treaties to which the United States is a party, the answer is a clear yes.According to the U.S. State Department’s Treaties in Force database, the United States became a party to a record number of 105 multilateral treaties between 1990 and 1999. As set forth in Graph A below, during the period 2000–2009, the number of multilateral treaties the United States joined dropped to just 62, the lowest number since the 1960s. The preliminary data from the first part of this decade beginning in 2010 suggests that this downward trend continues, but it is still too early in the decade to draw any definitive conclusions.
Giant Lizards: A Brief History of Early Dinosaur Reconstruction
Authors: Mikulic Donald G. 
Published: June 2019

Although they have been extinct for more than 60 million years, dinosaurs are a familiar part of our culture. Featured regularly in entertainment, advertising and the news, they are recognized more readily in today's society than many living animals. Dinosaurs also function as a powerful educational tool, stimulating the interest of children and adults in the natural world. Moreover, they serve as a primary symbol of evolution, extinction and the long history of life on Earth. Yet, few people realize how radically our understanding of dinosaurs has changed since their discovery 170 years ago.The initial recognition of dinosaurs as a distinct group of extinct animals was one of the major accomplishments of nineteenth century science. When first discovered, dinosaurs were an unexpected and almost alien life form whose interpretation was inhibited by a scarcity of good fossils and absence of close living relatives. For this reason, early nineteenth century dinosaur reconstructions, which were later ridiculed for their inaccuracies, may seem simplistic and conservative. In reality, they were quite innovative. Examination of this early work reveals just how profound these ideas actually were in light of the limited evidence available and demonstrates how interpretations changed as new fossil discoveries were made.
Juno‐UVS Observation of the Io Footprint During Solar Eclipse
Authors: Hue V. , Greathouse T. K. , Bonfond B. , Saur J. , Gladstone G. R. , Roth L. , Davis M. W. , Gérard J.‐C. , Grodent D. C. , Kammer J. A. , Szalay J. R. , Versteeg M. H. , Bolton S. J. , Connerney J. E. P. , Levin S. M. , Hinton P. C. , Bagenal F. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe two main ultraviolet‐signatures resulting from the Io‐magnetosphere interaction are the local auroras on Io's atmosphere, and the Io footprints on Jupiter. We study here how Io's daily eclipses affect the footprint. Previous observations showed that its atmosphere collapses in eclipse. While remote observers can observe Io's local auroras briefly when Io disappears behind Jupiter, Juno is able to follow the Io footprint in the unlit hemisphere. Theoretical models of the variability of the energy flux fed into the Alfvén wings, ultimately powering the footprints, are not sufficiently constrained by observations. For the first time, we use observations of Io's footprint from the Ultraviolet Spectrograph (UVS) on Juno recorded as Io went into eclipse. We benchmark the trend of the footprint brightness using observations by UVS taken over Io's complete orbit and find that the footprint emitted power variation with Jupiter's rotation shows fairly consistent trends with previous observations. Two exploitable data sets provided measurements when Io was simultaneously in eclipse. No statistically significant changes were recorded as Io left and moved into eclipse, respectively, suggesting either that (i) Io's atmospheric densities within and outside eclipse are large enough to produce a saturated plasma interaction, that is, in the saturated state, changes in Io's atmospheric properties to first order do not control the total Alfvénic energy flux, (ii) the atmospheric collapse during the Juno observations was less than previously observed, or (iii) additional processes of the Alfvén wings in addition to the Poynting flux generated at Io control the footprint luminosity.
Hydrological and Ecological Controls on Autochthonous Carbonate Deposition in Lake Systems: A Case Study From Lake Wuliangsu and the Global Perspective
Authors: Sun Dayang , He Yuxin , Wu Jinglu , Liu Weiguo , Sun Yongge 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBased on ~150‐year of sedimentary records, we identify that autochthonous carbonate deposition in Lake Wuliangsu, in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, was independent of both hydrological and ecological variations before 1965, influenced by hydrological changes due to agricultural activities during 1965–1990, and slightly impacted by higher productivity under the eutrophication process after 1990. By comparing with data from lakes across the globe, we find that lake size and lake stratification control the contribution of recycled organic carbon to autochthonous carbonate deposition. Continuous mixing and aeration in shallow lakes facilitate the transformation of organic carbon into 29–45% of sedimentary carbonate, different from large and deep lakes (2–25%). Organic carbon recycling in lakes remains generally stable or decreases under the pressure of lake eutrophication, requiring further investigations on whether more organic carbon will be buried in the carbonate form.
Middle to Late Miocene Eccentricity Forcing on Lake Expansion in NE Tibet
Authors: Wang Zhixiang , Huang Chunju , Licht Alexis , Zhang Rui , Kemp David B. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) variability on orbital time scale has been extensively investigated in Quaternary loess and speleothems. However, EASM variability during pre‐Quaternary time remains poorly understood. Here we report a continuous upper Miocene cyclostratigraphic record from lake deposits of the Tianshui basin, Northeast Tibet, to reconstruct past variations of the regional hydrological cycle. Our results, combined with previously published cyclostratigraphic records from Northeast Tibet, show that regional lake expansion cycles have been consistently dominated by ~100‐kyr eccentricity forcing over most of the middle to late Miocene. These ~100 kyr cycles corroborate a significant forcing of the East Asian hydrological cycle by Antarctic ice sheet variations at that time. It is, however, unclear if this forcing affected EASM intensity or westerly derived moisture supply to the far east. Regardless of the nature of the main source of precipitation in Northeast Tibet during the Miocene, these results emphasize the existence of a strong teleconnection between Antarctic ice sheet modulations and the continental climate of Asia.
Mass Loading the Earth's Dayside Magnetopause Boundary Layer and Its Effect on Magnetic Reconnection
Authors: Fuselier S. A. , Trattner K. J. , Petrinec S. M. , Denton M. H. , Toledo‐Redondo S. , André M. , Aunai N. , Chappell C. R. , Glocer A. , Haaland S. E. , Hesse M. , Kistler L. M. , Lavraud B. , Li W. , Moore T. E. , Graham D. , Alm L. , Tenfjord P. , Dargent J. , Vines S. K. , Nykyri K. , Burch J. L. , Strangeway R. J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWhen the interplanetary magnetic field is northward for a period of time, O+ from the high‐latitude ionosphere escapes along reconnected magnetic field lines into the dayside magnetopause boundary layer. Dual‐lobe reconnection closes these field lines, which traps O+ and mass loads the boundary layer. This O+ is an additional source of magnetospheric plasma that interacts with magnetosheath plasma through magnetic reconnection. This mass loading and interaction is illustrated through analysis of a magnetopause crossing by the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft. While in the O+‐rich boundary layer, the interplanetary magnetic field turns southward. As the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft cross the high‐shear magnetopause, reconnection signatures are observed. While the reconnection rate is likely reduced by the mass loading, reconnection is not suppressed at the magnetopause. The high‐latitude dayside ionosphere is therefore a source of magnetospheric ions that contributes often to transient reduction in the reconnection rate at the dayside magnetopause.
Contributing to Global Mental Health: Can Pediatric Psychology Extend Our Reach?
Authors: Morgan Alice 
Published: June 2019

Objective: Global mental health is a burgeoning field of psychology that seeks to create equity in access to services across the globe, regardless of the environment or circumstances. To date, pediatric psychology is rarely included within the scope of health care offered in conflict or postdisaster environments or when addressing health needs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This article identifies previous areas that pediatric psychology and global mental health have intersected and outlines the possibilities for additional contribution to each field, including advocacy, capacity building, consultancy and research. Method: A literature search was conducted regarding the areas of global mental health and pediatric psychology to form the basis for this opinion piece. Results: Pediatric psychology is ideally placed to advocate for the needs of children with medical conditions in LMICs, not only within areas where a pediatric psychology presence is already established, such as HIV, tuberculosis, and noncommunicative disease. For example, within epidemics, pediatric psychologists can advocate for the needs of patients and process adjustment during recovery, and postconflict pediatric psychologists can play a role in the ongoing treatment needs of children suffering war injuries, malnutrition, and/or disease. Last, pediatric psychologists will be able to utilize skills in teaching and training of medical staff and lay counselors in LMIC communities to build capacity for managing mental health in the context of physical health conditions, including within primary health care networks and humanitarian aid efforts. Conclusions: Despite adolescent health being one of the Key Development Goals for the World Health Organization, the mental health care of children and adolescents appears to be largely neglected in LMICs outside of the trauma context. Pediatric psychology has unique expertise in mental health care in the context of medical problems, thus being ideally placed to work alongside humanitarian medical teams, within primary health care networks, and with local ministries of health to promote the holistic support of children with health needs. Implications for Impact Statement This article highlights the areas of expansion for pediatric psychology to contribute more broadly to the global mental health field. It argues that pediatric psychologists can use their skills in diverse areas, including refugee health, communicable diseases, famines, and epidemics, by capacity building and educating existing staff, consulting with global health governing bodies, and promoting research into context-specific interventions.
Cholinergic neural activity directs retinal layer-specific angiogenesis and blood retinal barrier formation
Authors: Weiner G. A. , Shah S. H. , Angelopoulos C. M. , Bartakova A. B. , Pulido R. S. , Murphy A. , Nudleman E. , Daneman R. , Goldberg J. L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBlood vessels in the central nervous system (CNS) develop unique features, but the contribution of CNS neurons to regulating those features is not fully understood. We report that inhibiting spontaneous cholinergic activity or reducing starburst amacrine cell numbers prevents invasion of endothelial cells into the deep layers of the retina and causes blood-retinal-barrier (BRB) dysfunction in mice. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which drives angiogenesis, and Norrin, a Wnt ligand that induces BRB properties, are decreased after activity blockade. Exogenous VEGF restores vessel growth but not BRB function, whereas stabilizing beta-catenin in endothelial cells rescues BRB dysfunction but not vessel formation. We further identify that inhibiting cholinergic activity reduces angiogenesis during oxygen-induced retinopathy. Our findings demonstrate that neural activity lies upstream of VEGF and Norrin, coordinating angiogenesis and BRB formation. Neural activity originating from specific neural circuits may be a general mechanism for driving regional angiogenesis and barrier formation across CNS development.