bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efek Sinergis Bahan Aktif Tanaman Obat Berbasiskan Jejaring Dengan Protein Target
Authors: Syahrir Nur Hilal A. , Afendi Farit Mochamad , Susetyo Budi 
Published: July 2018

Medicinal plants contain inherently active ingredients. Such ingredients are beneficial to prevent and cure diseases, as well as to perform specific biological functions. In contrast to synthetic drugs, which is based on one single chemicals, medicinal plants exert their beneficial effects through the additive or synergistic action of several chemical compounds. Those chemical compound act on single or multiple targets (multicomponent therapeutic) associated with a physiological process. Active ingredients combinations show a synergistic effect. This means that the combinational effect of several active ingredients is greater than that of individual one acting separately. A network target can be used to identify synergistic effects of plants active ingredients. The method of NIMS (Network target-based Identification of Multicomponent Synergy) is a computational approach to identify the potential synergistics effect of active ingredients. It also assessess synergistic strength of any active ingradients at the molecular level by synergy scores. We investigate these synergistic on a Jamu formula for diabetes mellitus type 2. The Jamu formula is composed of four medicinal plants, namely Tinospora crispa , Zingiber officinale, Momordica charantia, and Blumea balsamivera. Our work succesfully demonstrates that the highest synergy scores on medicinal plants synergy can be seen in pairs of several active ingredients in Zingiber officinale. On the other hand, the synergy of pairs of active ingredients in Momordica charantia and Zingiber officinale posseses a relatively high score. The same occurs in Tinospora crispa and Zingiber officinale.
Forecasting cattle depredation risk by recolonizing gray wolves
Authors: Hanley Zoë L. , Cooley Hilary S. , Maletzke Benjamin T. , Wielgus Robert B. 
Published: July 2018

Minimizing wolf‐livestock conflicts requires identifying conditions placing livestock at risk and focusing adaptive management at a local scale. Gray wolves Canis lupus began recolonizing Washington in 2008. We used generalized linear mixed models to investigate characteristics of wolf pack territories in Idaho and Montana from 1991–2008 (n = 137) and predict cattle Bos taurus depredation risk for current and probable wolf‐occupied areas in Washington. Cattle depredation risk increased with cattle abundance and if the pack depredated cattle the previous year. When models were applied to wolf pack territories in Washington from 2008–2016 (n = 43), 3 of 7 (43%) depredating pack territory/years were predicted at ≥61% depredation risk. During the summer grazing season (1 May – 31 October) when most cattle depredations (97%; n = 34) occurred in Washington, cattle east of the Cascade Mountains were often on grazing allotments whereas cattle west of the Cascade Mountains were located on small, private farms. Thus, relative cattle abundance per grazing allotment and county likely represented cattle depredation risk east and west of the Cascade Mountains, respectively. County‐wide and allotment cattle abundance forecasted 10.3% and 1.4% of probable wolf‐occupied areas at ≥ 61% cattle depredation risk, respectively. These risk models and maps provide locations for federal and state wildlife managers to focus depredation prevention measures and a template for future analyses as wolves continue to recolonize Washington.
Modeling taper and volume of Sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn. f.) trees in the western Terai region of Nepal
Authors: Silwal R. , Baral S. K. , Chhetri B. B. K. 
Published: July 2018

Volume and taper equations are used for estimating timber volume and biomass of a tree. Despite their usefulness, precise and site specific equations are still lacking for commercially important tree species in Nepal. The study was carried out at Chandak Chatiya Mahila Community Forest in Bardia district and Lumbini Collaborative Forest of Saljhandi in Rupandehi district in western Terai of Nepal. A destructive sampling method was used and selected fifteen Sal trees (Shorea robusta Gaertn. f.) from Saljhandi (site 1) and eighteen trees from Bagnaha (site 2) randomly to calibrate an individual tree volume and a stem taper function. At first, a non-linear stem taper function was calibrated using stem diameters outside bark at different heights above ground as response variable and D (diameter at breast height), H (total height), h (height of interest) as predictors. Then, effect of crown characteristics on stem taper was evaluated. As stem HCB (height to crown base) was found to affect stem taper, its usefulness in existing stem volume equation was tested. Empirical relationships between V (stem volume) as a response variable and D, H, HCB and sites in Bardia and Rupandehi districts as predictors were established using a linear mixed modeling approach. Our result showed that, instead of H, use of HCB in stem volume equation increased model prediction accuracy and reduced prediction bias. Applicability of the suggested models for predicting individual S. robusta tree volume and stem taper is discussed. Banko JanakariA Journal of Forestry Information for Nepal Special Issue No. 4, 2018, Page: 76-83
Developing local volume tables for three important tree species in Nawalparasi and Kapilvastu districts
Authors: Shrestha H. L. , Kafle M. R. , Khanal K. , Mandal R. A. , Khanal K. 
Published: July 2018

The local volume tables of specific species are very important to estimate the timber volume of standing trees but precise site-specific volume tables are lacking for three important tree species, namely Dalbergia sissoo, Shorea robusta and Terminalia alata. Therefore, this study was carried out to develop local volume tables and determine the form factors of these species using destructive and non-destructive methods. Kapilvastu and Nawalparasi districts were selected for this study. Altogether, 188 vigorous trees were selected for measurement, out of which 156 (52 trees for each species) were from destructive sampling and 32 were standing trees. The data of destructive sampling trees of three species were used in developing the models for under bark timber volume up to 10 and 20 cm top diameters. Thirty two data (12 for S. robusta, 10 for T. alata and for D. sissoo each) of standing trees were used to validate the models of three species. A number of cross sections were made and actual volumes of stem, butt log, other sections and top portion were calculated using cylindrical, Newton’s, Smalian’s and cone formulae, respectively. The cylindrical volume was estimated based on diameter at breast height. The form factor was determined from the ratio of actual and cylindrical volumes. The diameter and height relationship was made and, based on this; the smooth curve was drawn to develop the local volume tables. The results showed that estimated form factor of 10 cm and 20 cm top diameter of selected species varied from 0.50 to 0.69. In addition, local volume tables are developed for stem volume based on diameter under bark. Banko JanakariA Journal of Forestry Information for Nepal Special Issue No. 4, 2018, Page: 84-91
Application of silvicultural system, yield regulation and thinning practices in natural forests: case study from western Terai
Authors: Subedi V. R. , Bhatta K. D. , Poudel I. P. , Bhattarai P. 
Published: July 2018

Harvesting of mature forest crop, regenerating the harvested area and tending of young crop are major silvicultural operations in forest management. Silvicultural system provides a framework for carrying out these silvicultural operations in a systematic manner. Yield is the annual amount of produce that can be realized sustainably. Similarly, thinning is the principal tending operation carried out in immature crop, is more often complicated in natural forest. This paper attempts to review silvicultural system applied in Terai region of Nepal under scientific forest management in order to regulate yield and to suggest new methods of thinning in natural forests. The study was conducted in Buddha Shanti Collaborative Forest in Nawalparasi district, western Terai Nepal. Data related to implementation status of CFM Plan were collected through field observation. Harvesting data were collected during harvesting operation. The collected harvesting data were analyzed for yield regulation. Irregular shelter-wood system was applied in Buddha Shanti CFM. The applied method of yield regulation is combination of area and stem control. Area control is applied for regeneration period. Annual harvest is controlled by number of stems. Tree harvesting area is fixed for ten years and annual harvesting amount is fixed by number of tree. In this method annual numbers of trees for harvesting are fixed. Total enumeration method was applied for thinning to find out the most frequent size of pole in selected sub compartment. During the enumeration process; distance between the every stem and fore bearing was also recorded with the help of laser distance meter and compass. A stem map was prepared with the help of Arc-GIS and the grid distance was fixed based on the most frequent size of stem. Then, one stem from each grid was selected for retaining after harvesting and remaining stems were cut down. This method provides appropriate guideline for implementing it objectively by reducing subjective judgment and provide more systematic method for thinning. The field practices of application of silvicultural system and yield regulation were found in accordance to the scientific forest management Procedures 2014 in Buddha Shanti CFM. The method for thinning applied in the CFM was found applicable to other similar type of forests. Banko JanakariA Journal of Forestry Information for Nepal Special Issue No. 4, 2018, Page: 92-97
Upcycling – a new perspective on waste in social innovation
Authors: Wegener Charlotte , Aakjær Marie 
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this paper is to introduce ‘upcycling’ – a well-known term within design practice – to the field of social innovation. A mix between ‘upgrading’ (adding value) and ‘recycling’ (reusing) creates the word upcycling, which, in its simplest terms, is the practice of reassessing waste and transforming it into something valuable. In this paper, we ask: How does an upcycle mind-set and practice contribute to situated social innovation?
This conceptual paper seeks to combine insights from the fields of social innovation and co-design with the ideas inherent in upcycling. To ground the theorizing of what we term ‘social upcycling’, four cases are used to illustrate what upcycling practices look like. The cases illustrate the diversity of actors, activities and materiality involved in social upcycling processes. Concluding, the paper outlines a new promising area of social innovation and some practical implications.
Efektivitas Beberapa Jenis Media Tanam dan Frekuensi Penyiraman Pupuk Cair Urine Sapi Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Produksi Tanaman Selada (Lactuca sativa L)
Authors: Jansen Welky , Rahman Abdul , Suswati Suswati 
Published: July 2018

Penelitian mengenai Efektivitas Beberapa Jenis Media Tanam dan Frekuensi Penyiraman Pupuk Cair Urine Sapi Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Selada (Lactuca sativa L). Penelitian dilakukan di Jalan Air Bersih Kecamatan Sidikalang, Kabupaten Dairi. Penelitian ini menggunakan RAL Faktorial dengan dua faktor yaitu (1) Perlakuan media tanam (M) terdiri dari M<sub>0</sub> = 100 % tanah (kontrol negatif), M<sub>1 </sub>= 100 % pasir, M<sub>2</sub> = 100 % arang sekam, M<sub>3</sub> = 100 % sabut kelapa, M<sub>4</sub> = pasir : arang sekam = 50 % : 50 %, M<sub>5 </sub>= pasir : sabut kelapa = 50 % : 50 % , M<sub>6</sub> = arang sekam : sabut kelapa = 50 % : 50 %, dan M<sub>7</sub> = arang sekam : sabut kelapa : pasir = 33,3 % : 33,3 % : 33,3 %. Faktor kedua frekuensi penyiraman pupuk cair urine sapi (B) yaitu B0 = satu kali aplikasi, B1 = dua kali aplikasi dan B2 = tiga kali aplikasi. Kombinasi perlakuan diulang 3 kali, dalam satu ulangan terdiri dari 24 polibag. Parameter yang diamati terdiri atas persentase hidup, jumlah daun, luas daun, bobot basah panen, bobot basah shoot, bobot kering shoot, bobot basah root, bobot kering root dan efktivitas dari tiap-tiap parameter. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa perlakuan media tanam menunjukkan dan interaksinya pengaruh tidak berbeda nyata untuk semua parameter, sementara frekuensi penyiraman pupuk cair urine sapi menunjukkan pengaruh sangat nyata untuk semua parameter.
Hubungan Dukungan Sosial dengan Subjective Well-Being pada Remaja yang Memiliki Orangtua Tunggal
Authors: Tarigan Mustika 
Published: July 2018

<p class="7judulabstrak">Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan dukungan sosial dengan <em>subjective well-being</em> pada remaja yang memiliki orangtua tunggal. Sebagai subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah remaja yang memiliki orangtua tunggal di kampus I Universitas Medan Area. Hipotesis yang diajukan adalah adanya hubungan positif antara dukungan sosial dengan <em>subjective well-being</em>, dengan asumsi semakin tinggi dukungan sosial yang diperoleh, maka semakin tinggi <em>subjective well-being</em> pada remaja. Sebaliknya, semakin rendah dukungan sosial yang diperoleh, maka semakin rendah <em>subjective well-being</em> pada remaja. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini berjumlah 108 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik <em>purposive sampling</em>. Metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan skala dukungan sosial yang disusun berdasarkan skala likert dan <em>subjective well-being</em> yang disusun berdasarkan skala <em>semantic differential</em>. Dalam upaya untuk membuktikan hipotesis diatas, digunakan metode analisis data korelasi <em>product moment</em>, dimana yang menjadi variabel X adalah dukungan sosial dan yang menjadi variabel Y adalah <em>subjective well-being</em>. Berdasarkan analisis data yang menggunakan analisis <em>product moment</em>, diketahui bahwa terdapat hubungan positif antara dukungan sosial dengan <em>subjective well-being</em> pada remaja yang memiliki orangtua tunggal di kampus I Universitas Medan Area. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan koefisien R<sub>xy</sub> = 0,577 dimana p= 0.000, berarti &lt; 0,010. Artinya terdapat hubungan yang positif antara dukungan sosial dengan <em>subjective well-</em>being pada remaja yang memiliki orangtua tunggal di Kampus I Universitas Medan Area dengan sumbangan dukungan sosial sebesar 0,333 atau 33 %. Dengan demikian, hipotesis yang diajukan dalam penelitian ini dinyatakan diterima.</p><p class="7judulabstrak"> </p>
Diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis C virus infection: a tool for engagement with people who inject drugs in Vancouver’s Downtown Eastside
Authors: Alimohammadi Arshia , Holeksa Julie , Parsons Robyn , Yung Rossita , Amiri Neilofar , Truong David , Conway Brian 
Published: July 2018

Background Vancouver’s Downtown Eastside (DTES) faces the interrelated challenges of poverty, homelessness, mental health, addiction, and medical issues such as hepatitis C virus (HCV). This study evaluates a new model of engagement with people who inject drugs (PWID) in the DTES. Methods Our centre has developed the community pop-up clinic (CPC) to engage vulnerable populations such as PWID. Rapid HCV testing is offered using the OraQuick saliva assay. If a test is positive, immediate medical consultation and an incentivized clinic appointment are offered. At this appointment, an HCV treatment plan is developed, along with a plan for engagement in multidisciplinary care. Results In 12 months, 1,283 OraQuick tests were performed at 44 CPCs; 21% of individuals were found to be positive for HCV (68% of whom were PWID). Of individuals positive for HCV antibodies who consulted with the on-site doctor, 50% engaged in care in our clinic—61% of whom have initiated interferon-free directly acting antiviral (DAA) HCV therapy with 100% cured of HCV (per protocol). Individuals who did not engage in care were significantly more likely to be homeless (P < .0001). Conclusion CPCs paired with a multidisciplinary model of care address the needs of vulnerable populations such as PWID, particularly in the management of HCV with interferon-free DAA therapies.
Visualization of Focal Thinning of the Ganglion Cell–Inner Plexiform Layer in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Shao Yi , Jiang Hong , Wei Yantao , Shi Yingying , Shi Ce , Wright Clinton B. , Sun Xiaoyan , Vanner Elizabeth A. , Rodriguez Anny D. , Lam Byron L. , Rundek Tatjana , Baumel Barry S. , Gameiro Giovana Rosa , Dong Chuanhui , Wang Jianhua 
Published: July 2018

Background: A detailed analysis of the tomographic thickness of intraretinal layers may provide more information on neurodegeneration in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Objective: The goal was to analyze tomographic thickness patterns of intraretinal layers in patients with AD andMCI. Method: Forty-nine patients (25 AD and 24 MCI) and 21 cognitively normal (CN) controls were imaged using ultra-high-resolution optical coherence tomography to obtain volumetric data centered on the fovea. The segmented intraretinal layers were retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell– inner plexiform layer (GCIPL), inner nuclear layer (INL), outer nuclear layer (ONL), outer plexiform layer (OPL), and retinal photoreceptor (PR), in addition to the total retinal thickness(TRT). Results: The thickness differences were negative (thinning) mainly in TRT, RNFL, and GCIPL in both AD and MCI groups in comparison to CN, while the thickness differences were positive (thickening) mainly in ONL and PR in AD. GCIPL of AD and MCI was thinner in superior, nasal superior, and temporal superior quadrants, compared to CN ( p < 0.05). GCIPL of the inner superior, inner nasal superior, inner temporal superior, and outer nasal superior sectors was significantly thinner in AD than CN ( p < 0.05). GCIPL of the outer superior, inner temporal superior, outer nasal, and temporal superior sectors was significantly thinner in MCI than CN ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: Focal thinning of the GCIPL was visualized and quantified by detailed partitions in AD and MCI, which provides specific information about neurodegeneration in MCI and AD.
Categorising Visual Hallucinations in Early Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Clegg Benjamin J. , Duncan Gordon W. , Khoo Tien K. , Barker Roger A. , Burn David J. , Yarnall Alison J. , Lawson Rachael A. 
Published: July 2018

Background: Visual hallucinations (VHs) are common in Parkinson’s disease (PD), with prevalence ranging from 27–50% in cross-sectional cohorts of patients with well-established disease. However, minor hallucinations may occur earlier in the disease process than has been previously reported. Objective: We sought to categorise VHs in a cohort of newly diagnosed PD patients and establish their relationship to other clinical features. Methods: Newly diagnosed PD participants ( n = 154) were recruited as part of the Incidence of Cognitive Impairment in Cohorts with Longitudinal Evaluation in PD (ICICLE-PD) study. Participants completed the Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS III), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39) to assess motor severity, cognition and quality of life (QoL), respectively. VHs were classified using the North East Visual Hallucinations Inventory. Hierarchical regression was used to build predictive models of motor severity, QoL and cognition. Results: 22% ( n = 34) of participants experienced recurrent VHs with minor VHs being most frequently reported (64.7% of hallucinators). Complex VHs were present in 32.4% of hallucinating participants. Linear regression showed VHs predicted poorer PDQ-39 and MoCA scores ( β= 0.201, p = 0.006 and β= – 0.167, p = 0.01, respectively) but not motor severity ( p > 0.05). Conclusions: Over a fifth of people with newly diagnosed PD reported recurrent VHs; minor hallucinations were the most common, although a small proportion reported complex VHs. Recurrent VHs were found to be a significant independent predictor of cognitive function and QoL but not motor severity. Our findings highlight the importance of screening for VHs at diagnosis.
Autonomic Sweat Responses in REM Sleep Behavior Disorder and Parkinsonism
Authors: Al-Qassabi Ahmed , Pelletier Amélie , Fereshtehnejad Seyed-Mohammad , Postuma Ronald B. 
Published: July 2018

Background: Autonomic dysfunctions including sudomotor abnormalities commonly occur in early Parkinson’s disease (PD), but little is known about potential sudomotor abnormalities in idiopathic REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (iRBD), a strong prodromal marker of PD. Objective: Our aim was to assess sudomotor dysfunction by galvanic skin response using SudoScan, as well as other autonomic markers in 49 iRBD, 40 PD (21 with RBD, 19 without), 20 atypical parkinsonisms, and 41 age-matched controls. Methods: All subjects underwent SudoScan of their hands and feet, a 30-second electrocardiogram with assessment of beat-to-beat variability, assessment of orthostatic blood pressure changes and autonomic symptom questionnaires. Results: The galvanic skin response in the hands of PD patients with RBD was significantly smaller than controls (hand mean difference = –7.877, 95% CI (–13.283, –2.470), p-value = 0.004) and PD patients without RBD (hand mean difference = –9.578, 95% CI (–17.215, –1.941), p-value = 0.014). iRBD and atypical parkinsonism did not have different SudoScan profiles than controls. Conclusions: Galvanic skin responses, as measured by SudoScan did not demonstrate significant sudomotor dysfunction in iRBD, but decreases were seen in the PD subtype associated with RBD.
Alveolar capillary dysplasia with left heart obstruction – rare but lethal
Authors: Stark V.C. , Schneider E.P. , Biermann D. , Hauck P.A. , Kozlik-Feldmann R. , Schäfer H. , Gottschalk U. 
Published: July 2018

Alveolar capillary dysplasia (ACD) is a rare neonatal lung disease characterized anatomically by a defective and hypoplastic development of pulmonary alveoli leading to persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPHN) and finally lethal respiratory failure. It is often associated with congenital left heart obstruction. Given the fatal prognosis an early diagnosis is important. However, due to the fast onset of PPHN in neonates and lack of pathognomonic signs for its cause, safe and fast detection of ACD is challenging. Therefore, following the exclusion of cardiac and common pulmonary causes, lung biopsy becomes essential for diagnosis. We hereby report a case of ACD with atrial septal defect type one and hypoplastic aortic arch with an ante-mortem diagnosis and discuss the current state of medicine in relation to ACD.