bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-Term, Targeted Delivery of GDNF from Encapsulated Cells Is Neuroprotective and Reduces Seizures in the Pilocarpine Model of Epilepsy
Authors: Paolone Giovanna , Falcicchia Chiara , Lovisari Francesca , Kokaia Merab , Bell William J. , Fradet Tracie , Barbieri Mario , Wahlberg Lars U. , Emerich Dwaine F. , Simonato Michele 
Published: January 2019

Neurotrophic factors are candidates for treating epilepsy, but their development has been hampered by difficulties in achieving stable and targeted delivery of efficacious concentrations within the desired brain region. We have developed an encapsulated cell technology that overcomes these obstacles by providing a targeted, continuous,de novosynthesized source of high levels of neurotrophic molecules from human clonal ARPE-19 cells encapsulated into hollow fiber membranes. Here we illustrate the potential of this approach for delivering glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) directly to the hippocampus of epileptic rats.In vivostudies demonstrated that bilateral intrahippocampal implants continued to secrete GDNF that produced high hippocampal GDNF tissue levels in a long-term manner. Identical implants robustly reduced seizure frequency in the pilocarpine model. Seizures were reduced rapidly, and this effect increased in magnitude over 3 months, ultimately leading to a reduction of seizures by 93%. This effect persisted even after device removal, suggesting potential disease-modifying benefits. Importantly, seizure reduction was associated with normalized changes in anxiety and improved cognitive performance. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the neurological benefits of GDNF were associated with the normalization of anatomical alterations accompanying chronic epilepsy, including hippocampal atrophy, cell degeneration, loss of parvalbumin-positive interneurons, and abnormal neurogenesis. These effects were associated with the activation of GDNF receptors. All in all, these results support the concept that the implantation of encapsulated GDNF-secreting cells can deliver GDNF in a sustained, targeted, and efficacious manner, paving the way for continuing preclinical evaluation and eventual clinical translation of this approach for epilepsy.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTEpilepsy is one of the most common neurological conditions, affecting millions of individuals of all ages. These patients experience debilitating seizures that frequently increase over time and can associate with significant cognitive decline and psychiatric disorders that are generally poorly controlled by pharmacotherapy. We have developed a clinically validated, implantable cell encapsulation system that delivers high and consistent levels of GDNF directly to the brain. In epileptic animals, this system produced a progressive and permanent reduction (>90%) in seizure frequency. These benefits were accompanied by improvements in cognitive and anxiolytic behavior and the normalization of changes in CNS anatomy that underlie chronic epilepsy. Together, these data suggest a novel means of tackling the frequently intractable neurological consequences of this devastating disorder.
AUTORIŲ ADRESAI / ADDRESSES OF THE AUTHORS / ANSCHRIFTEN DER VERFASSER
Authors: Lituana Archeologia 
Published: January 2019

Rasa Banytė-RowellLietuvos istorijos institutasKražių g. 5LT-01108 Vilniusstankaitban@yahoo.co.ukJānis CiglisNational History Museum of LatviaArchaeology DepartmentPils laukums 3Rīga, LV-1050janis.ciglis@history-museum.lvVladimir KulakovInstitut archeologiiRossijskoj ANul. Dm. Uljanova 19117036 Moskvadrkulakov@mail.ruMagdalena MączyńskaInstytut ArcheologiiUniversytetu ŁódzkiegoUl. Uniwersytecka 390–137 Łódżmagdalena.babidol@gmail.comAlgimantas MerkevičiusVilniaus universitetasArcheologijos katedraUniversiteto g. 7LT-01513 Vilniusalgimantas.merkevicius@if.vu.ltAndrzej MichałowskiInstytut Prahistorii UAMul. Św. Marcin 78PL 61-809 Poznańandrzej.michalowski@amu.edu.plAndra StrimaitienėLietuvos istorijos institutasKražių g. 5LT-01108 Vilniusandrasimnas@gmail.comPawel Szymański,Ana Juga-SzymańskaInstytut Archeologii UWUl. Krakowskie Przedmieście 26/2800-927 Warszawaonajuga@hotmail.comValdemaras ŠimėnasVilniaus universitetasArcheologijos katedraUniversiteto g. 7LT-01513 Vilniusvaldemaras.simenas@gmail.comMilena TeskaInstytut Prahistorii UAMul. Św. Marcin 78PL 61-809 Poznańm.teska@amu.edu.pl Ernestas VasiliauskasKlaipėdos universitetasBaltijos regiono istorijos ir archeologijos institutasHerkaus Manto g. 84LT-92294 Klaipėdaernestas@inbox.lvVioleta VasiliauskienėVilniaus universitetasArcheologijos katedraUniversiteto g. 7LT-01513 Vilniusvioleta.vasiliauskiene@if.vu.ltBaiba VaskaNational History Museum of LatviaPils laukums 3Rīga, LV-1050arheol@history-museum.lvIngrīda Līga VirseNational History Museum of LatviaPils laukums 3Rīga, LV-1050arheol@history-museum.lvMarcin WoźniakMuzeum Starožytnego Hutnictwa Mazowieckiego im. S. WoydyPlac Jana Pawła II 205-800 Pruszków, Polskamarcin.wozniak@yahoo.pl
Geležinis kabutis-varpelis iš Wielbarko kultūros kapinyno Kozłówko vietovėje šiaurinėje Mazovijoje
Authors: Woźniak Marcin 
Published: January 2019

Kozłόwko kapinyno Nidzicos paviete (seniau – Klein Kos­lau, Kreis Neidenburg) tyrimų metu aptiktas nedidelis kabu­tis-varpelis. Jis rastas XXXI kape, datuotame periodu C3–D (1 pav.). Pagal A. Kokowskio klasifikaciją varpelis priklauso tipui Ic. Tokie varpeliai buvo gaminami iš geležies skardos, sujungiant du pusrutulius. Viršuje yra cilindrinis kaklelis, besibaigiantis kilpele. Dauguma žinomų kabučių-varpelių yra labai panašūs (2 pav.). Iki šiol yra aptikta apie 300 tokių daiktų. Dauguma jų rasta Semboje ir Notangoje (Dollkei­mo-Kovrovo kultūra). Mažiau jų pasitaiko Mozūruose – Bo­gačevo kultūros teritorijoje. Nemažai šių papuošalų rasta ir Vakarų Lietuvos kapinynuose. Kitur šių kabučių-varpelių aptinkama retai (3 pav.). Kabučiai-varpeliai paprastai būdavo nešiojami ant ka­klo, dažnai – kaklo apvarose. Kapuose jų kiekis įvairuoja nuo 1 iki 25 vienetų. Didelės apvaros su keliolika kabučių žinomos iš Vakarų Lietuvos, mažiau tokių pasitaiko Doll­keimo-Kovrovo kultūroje. Kabučius-varpelius galima trak­tuoti kaip moterų įkapes. Vyrų kapuose tokių kabučių ne­daug, tik pavieniai. Kabučiai-varpeliai daugiausia datuojami vėlyvesniu ro­mėniškuoju laikotarpiu ir Didžiojo tautų kraustymosi laiko­tarpio pradžia. Ankstyviausi kabučiai pasirodė jau B2/C1– C1a periode, tačiau dauguma jų yra truputį vėlyvesni. Doll­keimo-Kovrovo kultūroje jie skiriami C1–C2 periodams pa­gal interregioninę skalę. Vėlyviausi datuojami romėniškojo laikotarpio pabaiga ir tautų kraustymosi laikotarpio pradžia (periodas C3, C3–D). Kadangi dauguma radimo vietų yra iš Dollkėimo- Kovrovo kultūros teritorijos, tikriausiai čia ir reikėtų ieškoti šių papuošalų genezės. Pavieniai egzemplioriai iš Wielbar­ko kultūros kapinynų, kaip ir radinys iš Kozłόwko vietovės, beveik identiški baltiškiems radiniams ir skirtini importui iš šiaurinių sričių. Iš lenkų k. vertė Mykolas Michelbertas...
A iron ball-shaped pendant from the cemetery of the Wielbark Culture in Kozłówko in northern MasoviaMarcin Woźniak...
Vakarų baltų peilių-durklų genezė
Authors: Kulakov Vladimir 
Published: January 2019

Šiandieninis Vidurio ir Vakarų Europos vėlyvojo romėniš­kojo laikotarpio vienašmenių kovos peilių ištirtumo lygis leidžia iškelti naują vakarų baltų peilių-durklų genezės ver­siją. Ši egzotiška šaltojo ginklo forma sujungia trikampių Turovo tipo geležčių ir „trumpųjų“ saksų idėjas. Šių uni­kalaus pavidalo ginklų paplitimo arealai sutampa su vaka­rų baltų „galindų“ migracijos punktais. Vieno iš prūsiškųjų peilių-durklų (kapas SH – 24 Warthen / Šoseinoje kapiny­ne) gamybos vieta taip pat sutampa su vienu iš tų punktų. „Galindų“ ir peilių-durklų atsiradimo procesas akivaizdus. Jų etnokultūrinėje erdvėje peilių, skirtų vien tik duriamajam smūgiui, gamybos idėja atsirado susipažinus su Turovo tipo peiliais Galicijoje ir „trumpaisiais“ saksais Lombardijoje, t. y. netrukus po 415 m. Sprendžiant iš kapo Do-370 Doll­keimo-Kovrovo įkapių, pirmieji peiliai-durklai Semboje ka­rių (o būtent jiems buvo skirtas ir ankstesnis romėniškais kalavijas – gladius) kapuose atsiranda V a. po Kr. pradžioje. Susidaro įspūdis, kad pirmųjų peilių-durklų savinin­kai, besiruošiantys juos panaudoti pagal Turovo tipo peilių paskirtį prieš apsišarvavusius priešininkus, buvo priversti pasitraukti iš jų dislokacijos vietos ir atsidurti ten, kur apie šarvus niekas net nenutuokė – Gintaro krašto platybėse. Galbūt, dedant šiuos ginklus į karių kapus, kartu buvo pa­brėžiamas ypatingas jų statusas – priklausymas būriams, ga­lintiems kovoti su šarvuotais kariais. Peilių-durklų pasiskirstymas pietryčių Baltijoje parodo kelis jų išplitimo mikroregionus: 1. Šiaurės Vakarų Semba, turtingiausias pasaulyje gin­taro paplitimo regionas – didžiausia ir akivaizdžiai pagrindinė peilių-durklų radaviečių koncentracija. 2. Minijos upės baseinas prie šiaurės vakarinio Kuršių nerijos galo. 3. Nemuno dešiniojo intako Jūros žiotys. 4. Nemuno dešiniojo intako Neries žiotys. Peilių-durklų radaviečių koncentracijos žymi prekybos operacijų bazę – gintaringąją Sembą ir Nemuno prekybos kelio vertingosios prekės plitimo mazgą – Nemuno baseino upių žiotis. Iš rusų k. vertė Aleksiejus Luchtanas... />Vladimir Kulakov...
Socialinės struktūros Pševorsko kultūroje, remiantis gyvenviečių formų tyrimu – kitas statybos modelis arba tyrimų perspektyvos pakeitimo būtinybė
Authors: Michałowski Andrzej 
Published: January 2019

Nach der utilitдren Auffassung von Haus ist ein Haus ein Gebдude, das durch seine Nutz- und Konstruktionswerte Wohnverhдltnisse schafft, die es fьr die Menschen bewohnbar machen. Die Bewohnbarkeit eines Gebдudes ist bedingt durch eine funk­tionale Planung, eine richtige Situierung, Цffnungen, die eine Kommunikation mit der Umgebung er­lauben sowie in der gemдЯigten Klimazone durch eine entsprechende Heizung (sieh Szolginia, 1975, s. 73). Diese allgemeinen Faktorenermцglichen es, die Kategorie „ein bewohnbares Gebдude – Haus“ um verschiedene Konstruktionen zu erweitern, die die oben erwдhnten Mindestanforderungen erfьl­len. Diese Bedingungen erfьllen prinzipiell auch eine Hьtte oder eine Hцhle, in denen Menschen Zuflucht vor der AuЯenwelt finden, wie ein mit mo­derner Elektronik gespicktes Appartement. In der Annahme der evolutionistischen Entwicklung haben sich Wohngebдudeformen und -konstruktionen dem Zivilisations- und Technikfortschritt angemessen ver­дndert (sieh Szolginia, 1975, s. 73). Seit der Entstehung der ersten Stammsiedlungen sind jedoch eine innere qualitative Differenzierung von Siedlungen sowie eine Diversifikation von Wohnbauten zu beobachten. Mit diesen Prozessen gehen eine gesellschaftliche Stratifikation und Verkomplizieren zwischenmensch­licher Beziehungen innerhalb einzelner Gruppen einher. Die Hдuser erfьllen grundsдtzlich die gleiche Funktion, ihre Rolle geht aber ьber ihre Wohnfunktion hinaus. In der etruskischen und rцmischen Kultur be­reits zu Beginn der Republik war ein Haus дhnlich wie in anderen groЯen Kulturen im Mittelmeerraum auch ein Prestigesymbol und spiegelte die gesellschaftliche Stellung seines Besitzers wider (Zerbini, 2008, s. 78). Obgleich ein Haus theoretisch immer diesel­ben Lebensfunktionen erfьllt, kann man es in diesen Kulturen als Emanation der Sozialschichtung und ein von weitem sichtbares Statussymbol einer Person oder einer Familie betrachten. Diese Verhдltnisse scheinen universell fьr die ganze Menschheit zu sein und bis heute zu gelten. Es stellt sich die Frage, ob sie auch im Fall der von den mitteleuropдischen Stдmmen in der jьngeren vorrцmischen Eisenzeit und der rцmischen Kaiserzeit aufgebauten Hдuser zutreffen? [...]
Egodokumentų tyrimai: senos erdvės – nauji horizontai
Authors: Pacevičius Arvydas 
Published: January 2019

[straipsnis ir santrauka lietuvių kalba; santrauka anglų kalba]
Straipsnyje, remiantis projektinės veiklos ir fundamentinių tyrimų rezul­tatų analize, aptariami paskutinių penkerių metų egodokumentų tyri­mų pasiekimai ir perspektyvios studijų kryptys, ryškėjančios europinėje mokslo erdvėje ir Lietuvoje. Lietuvoje apie 2010 metus į mokslinį diskursą įvedus naują terminą egodokumentas, pastebimos sistemingesnės raš­tijos pirmuoju asmeniu studijos (projektai LEGODOK ir „Asmeninės lietuvių rašomosios kalbos duomenų bazės (AKdb) kūrimas“). Lietuvo­je bendrąja tyrimų tendencija laikytinos elito savimonės ir tapatumo raiškos studijos, į tyrimų lauką įtraukiančios naujus šaltinius (album amicorum). Tarpdalykiniai ,,apačių“ tyrimai veržliai plėtojami Šiaurės Europoje. Villa Vignoni forumas inspiravo solidžias publikacijas, skirtas asmens, šeimos ir bendruomenių tapatumams transkultūrinėje perspek­tyvoje. Kaimyninėje Lenkijoje leidžiami egodokumentiniai istorijos šalti­niai ir fundamentiniai tyrimai neretai aprėpia ir senosios Lietuvos pro­blematiką. Daroma išvada, kad plečiant tarptautinį bendradarbiavimą su kaimynais, Lietuvoje tęstini tiek lietuviškos egodokumentikos paveldo kaip kalbinės tapatybės raiškos, tiek transkultūriniai daugiakalbystės ir įvairialypio tapatumo sklaidos modernėjančioje visuomenėje tyrimai.
MARGINALISATION IN THE DANISH LABOUR MARKET
Authors: Laužadytė Agnė 
Published: January 2019

In this paper, I estimate different time hazard models of the exit from different labour market states – unemployment, employment and inactivity – in Denmark. I find that women and individuals over fifty are more likely to experience long-term unemployment and inactivity. The less educated and unskilled workers are found to be another risk group to face marginalisation. Being previously employed reduces the risk of inactivity and increases the probability of re-entry to employment, while long-term unemployment or inactivity makes workers more likely to return to these labour market states in the future. Living in biggest Danish cities where job competition is high is a disadvantage, but it has a positive effect on labour market performance of persons over fifty. And finally, I find that those who have stayed in job for one year tend to remain employed, while persons inactive for longer than one year face a much higher risk of marginalisation.
HUMAN CAPITAL OF POLISH NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS: FROM MACROECONOMIC CONTEXT TO MICROECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS
Authors: Dyczkowski Tomasz 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The paper1 aims at emphasizing the importance of a proper recognition and disclosure of human capital in non-governmental organizations (NGOs) on the example of Poland. Although NGOs do significantly contribute to social well-being, the economic focus paid to commercial businesses and public institutions causes that a scope of civil initiatives is not recognised to a sufficient extent. It is, therefore, a role of the Third Sector to promote its activities and to inform extensively on the effects generated. The issue which requires particular attention in this respect is the human capital which propels all benevolent activities.The author analyses, firstly, the historic, economic, and legal circumstances that shaped the modern Third Sector in Poland. Subsequently, an analysis of human resources available to Polish NGOs in comparison to the situation of their German and British counterparts is conducted. The results of a study on the attractiveness of the non-governmental sector as an employer are discussed next. The paper is concluded with a presentation of methods which enable to quantify and valuate human capital in a non-commercial environment, including the ratios used to monitor the development of that capital.The results presented in the paper clearly demonstrate that it was possible due to involvement of socially sensitive people to rebuild social activities in Poland after the long period of the state’s exclusivity in defining and addressing social issues. Those people made the initial human resources of Polish NGOs as their members, governors or volunteers. Nonetheless, the development of a comprehensive legal framework stimulating co-operation between the state and NGOs, and an extensive use of European funds helped to extend the labour force of the sector by 120 000 employees. A priority for now proves to be sustaining that growth by attracting young people. The results of the author’s study on the perception of the Third Sector by students show that most of them still know NGOs from mass media only, and one third of them would not consider working for an NGO in future. On the other hand, opinions of those who already work in a non-commercial environment prove to be positive, what entitles to formulate the conclusion that a better knowledge of the ways NGOs work is vital to build their human capital. If social managers develop proper systems of measuring and reporting human capital, such as the one presented in the paper, they will gain a tool to demonstrate that human capital of their organisations is used to make social initiatives as effective and efficient as possible.Key words: non-governmental organisation (NGO), the Third Sector, human resources, human capital
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE PROSPECTS OF UKRAINIAN COAL MINES BY THE COPRAS-G METHOD
Authors: Zhylinska Оksana , Balan Valery , Petrovska Tatiana 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The article covers the elaboration of a methodical toolkit of assessing the prospects of coal mines, which allows for the differentiation of enterprises by an integrated index of their prospects as regards mining and the geological conditions of each coal mine. Is proposed An algorithm for the coal mine prospects assessment, of containing the stages of selecting the characteristics of mining and geological conditions, the use of a multi-attribute assessment by the COPRAS-G interval data, and the rating of coal mines. A comparative analysis of the prospects, employing the COPRAS-G method, was tested on an the example of 14 coal mines of the Central district Donbass of Ukraine.Key words: comparative analysis, prospects, coal mines, multi-attribute assessment, imprecise data, COPRASG method, CEE
THE MODIGLIANI–ADDO–BRUMBERG LIFE-CYCLE MODEL: APPLYING TO UKRAINE’S ECONOMY
Authors: Bazhenova Olena V. , Krytsun Kateryna I. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The authors investigate and analyze the possibility of the Modigliani–Ando–Brumberg life-cycle model to describe the relationship among income, consumption, savings, and inheritance of individual households of Ukraine’s economy by using the state statistics data of Ukraine. The features and contradictions of the assumption that a person has the desire to stabilize consumption and make it uniform throughout his life to Ukrainian households are tested.Key words: life cycle model, savings, income, debt, retirement, consumption, wealth, inheritance, constant consumption
ANALYSIS AND MODELING OF THE SOCIAL SECURITY INDEX IN UKRAINE, LITHUANIA, AND SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES
Authors: Stavytskyy Andriy V. , Sadovenko Oksana V. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The social security of acountry is a situation which is positively regulated by legal norms where the government uses all democratic management practices to maintain decent living standards and ensure theability to meet basic needs for the development of the country and society.The Scandinavian economic model provides for a comprehensive social protection and social benefits to all segments of the community. That is why we used a comparative analysis and the modelling of the social security index in Ukraine, Lithuania, and Scandinavian countries.In the paper, we identify a unique method for calculating the indicator of social security, using three main components: income, demographic situation, and labour market.We have studied the impact of macroeconomic indicators on the level of social security, made an analogy with the Nordic countries, and determined which model should be used for the best results in ensuring the social protection of society.The research has shown that high tax rates combined with a full public confidence in the government and a transparent system of income redistribution are important factors in the development of socially-oriented Scandinavian countries.A regression analysis was conducted to analyse the relationship of tax revenues and social security index; the models of dependence for each country were constructed.We have defined the basic types of taxes and their impact on the economic situation in a country. It is concluded that, in most cases, increasing tax rates should lead to negative changes in the social security of a country.Key words: social security, public policy, fiscal policy, stability, society
EVALUATION OF REGIONAL EFFICIENCY DISPARITIES BY EFFICIENT FRONTIER ANALYSIS
Authors: Dzemydaitė Giedrė , Galinienė Birutė 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The nonparametric methods, such as data envelopment analysis, free disposal hull and order-α frontier analysis, have been applied in this study to evaluate the efficient frontier which extends the application of the production function of regions. These mathematical programming methods allow evaluating the effectiveness of the regional spatial aspects. In recent studies, efficient frontier methods are applied to evaluate regional policy issues of the European Union.The purpose of this article is to present a more detailed evaluation of regional disparities by analysing regional infrastructure, human capital efficiency, and linkages among the regions. The application of frontier methods reveals their feasibility for studying regional inputs and outputs to asses a more detailed and more reasonable allocation of funds among Lithuanian regions. A more detailed territorial breakdown is selected in this paper to identify a wider scale of efficiency differences among the regions. From the practical point of view and according to the results, more balanced planning tools are suggested for fund allocation decisions in Lithuanian regions while planning infrastructure and human capital development. As efficient regions areidentified, it is recommended to invest in more indirect factors to enhance regional growth. while in inefficient regions more emphasis should be made on more direct interventions to foster economic activity because current investments give insufficient returns. The present type of research is a case study.Key words: regional disparities, regional efficiency, economic development, spatial data envelopment analysis, nonparametric analysis
THE RELATIONSHIPS OF CASH FLOWS: EVIDENCE FROM LATVIAN COMPANIES
Authors: Subatnieks Kārlis 
Published: January 2019

The paper deals with the subject of relationships among the different cash flows, as well as earnings, of a company. The aim of the paper is to establish the direction and strength of mutual relationships between different cash flow measures, as well as with earnings, and to provide recommendations for the prediction of future cash flows and earnings. The methods of the research include content analysis, the calculation of relative indicators, average and median measures, as well as regression and correlation analysis. There is an empirical study of the data of 52 Latvian companies, which has resulted in testing the hypotheses put forward and substantiated in the paper. A typical Latvian enterprise relies on the operating cash flow to create the investing cash flow and does not need to rely on the external sources of financing. The author concludes that investment does pay, and, based on the assessment of results of the developed model, the investing cash flow should be used in cash flow prediction, while it should not be used in earnings prediction. The increase in financing cash flow causes a company investments to increase.