bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Properties and Failure Mode of Natural Fractured Sandstone
Authors: Chen Gang , Chen Mian , Lu Yunhu , Chen Beibei , Sun Fengrui , Lou Erbiao , Wang Kexin 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Some wells in ultra-deep fractured tight gas formation are faced with severe sand production problems in west china. It is important to study the mechanical properties of fractured sandstone.
Based on triaxial compression experiments on cores from fractured tight sandstone reservoirs, we investigated the strength and deformation characteristics and the failure mode.
The experimental results show that the strength and elastic modulus of fractured sandstone cores with different fracture angles are lower than those of intact sandstone. Samples with 50° −60°fracture angles have lower peak strength and Young's modulus and tend to fail along the fracture easily. Eventually, four types of failure mode are summarized based on the experimental results. Samples with other fracture angles always have a single-plane shear failure across the nature fracture in triaxial compressive experiments. Fractured samples with the same fracture angle have larger peak strength under a larger confining pressure.
This study presents necessary message for field practices to better understand the mechanical properties of natural fractured sandstone, which is helpful to confirm mechanism for the Kuche reservoirs sand production problems.
Estimating Gas Relative Permeability of Shales from Pore Size Distribution
Authors: Ghanbarian Behzad 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Modeling shale gas relative permeability, krg, has numerous practical applictaions, particularly in gas exploration and production in unconventional reservoirs. krg is a key petrophysical quantity for accurately determining recovery factor and production rate. In the literature, a few theoretical models developed to estimate krg are based upon either a "bundle of capillary tubes" conceptual approach or a combination of universal scaling laws e.g., from percolation theory. The former is a severely distorted idealization of porous rocks, while the latter is, generally speaking, valid near the percolation threshold and/or in rocks with narrow pore-throat size distribution. Although the effective medium approximation has been successfully applied to model wetting- and nonwetting-phase relative permeabilities in conventional rocks, to the best of the author's knowledge, it has never been used to estimate krg in unconventional reservoirs. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to develop a theoretical model based on the effective-medium approximation, an upscaling technique from statistical physics, to estimate shale gas relative permeability from pore-throat size distribution. In this study, we presumed that pore-throat sizes conform to a truncated log-normal probability density function. We further presumed that gas flow under variably-saturated conditions is mainly controlled by two mechanisms contributing in parallel: (1) molecular flow and (2) hydraulic flow. The total conductance of a single pore (gt), therefore, was equal to the summation of the molecular flow conductance, gm, and the hydraulic flow conductance, gh (i.e., gt = gm + gh). We then invoked the governing equation from the effective-medium approximation to determine effective conductances and, accordingly, gas relative permeabilities at various saturations. Results showed that krg varies as the log-normal distribution parameters standard deviation (σ) and geometric mean pore radius (rm) alter. By comparison with two- and three-dimensional pore-network model simulations, we found that the proposed model estimated gas relative permeability accurately, particularly in three dimensions. We also estimated krg from the pore-throat size distribution derived from measured mercury intrusion capillary pressure (MICP) curve for three experiments (i.e., Eagle Ford, Pierre, and Barnnet) and found that krg of Barnnet was remarkably less than that of Pierre and Eagle Ford.
Quantitative Evaluation of Fluvial Reservoir Geologic Model Uncertainties Using Virtual Outcrops
Authors: Cai Mingyu , Su Yuliang , Sun Zhixue , Li Lei , Yuan Bin 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The uncertainties of fluvial reservoir geologic model are notably high due to complicated geological conditions and unknown strong heterogeneity. However, previous uncertainty analysis approaches mainly focus on qualitative evaluation. In this work, we proposed a novel workflow to quantify and optimize the geologic model uncertainties using the virtual outcrops.
First, the 3D geologic model is built by the virtual outcrops and geology database is established by the fine description of modern sedimentations, geologic outcrops and dense spacing areas. Next, geologic modeling algorithm is optimally selected based on the complexities of target reservoirs, computational speed and the shape of sand bodies. In this work, three indicators are proposed to evaluate the accuracy of geologic models, including matching coefficient of digital grey images to virtual outcrops, consistency of braided stream facies morphology and connectivity of inter-well effective sand bodies.
For the braided channel in Sulige field examples, the width of channel belt is 1500~3500m and the average sand thickness is 5m. For channel bar, the width is 350~650m, the length is 800~1500m and the thickness is 3~6m. The virtual outcrops help determine the vertical sequence and planar characteristics of sedimentary facies and sand bodies. The comparisons between established model and virtual outcrops indicate that the accuracy of geologic models increases as the denseness of hard data becomes smaller and the optimal well spacing and row spacing match up with the sand body size and average well spacing of studied area. The evaluation system proposed in this work demonstrates the degree of geologic reproduction, reasonability and partial uncertainty of the models to the real reservoir.
The value of this work is to provide a novel practical approach to optimize and quantify the uncertainties of geologic model. Furthermore, the established workflow can further be applied to identify the most significant controlling factor to determine geologic modeling in unconventional reservoirs.
The Chao Phraya River Basin: water quality and anthropogenic influences
Authors: Singkran Nuanchan , Anantawong Pitchaya , Intharawichian Naree , Kunta Karika 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Land use influences and trends in water quality parameters were determined for the Chao Phraya River, Thailand. Dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) showed significant trends (R2 ≥ 0.5) across the year, while total phosphorus (TP) and faecal coliform bacteria (FCB) showed significant trends only in the wet season. DO increased, but BOD, NO3-N, and TP decreased, from the lower section (river kilometres (rkm) 7–58 from the river mouth) through the middle section (rkm 58–143) to the upper section (rkm 143–379) of the river. Lead and mercury showed weak/no trends (R2 &lt; 0.5). Based on the river section, major land use groups were a combination of urban and built-up areas (43%) and aquaculture (21%) in the lower river basin, paddy fields (56%) and urban and built-up areas (21%) in the middle river basin, and paddy fields (44%) and other agricultural areas (34%) in the upper river basin. Most water quality and land use attributes had significantly positive or negative correlations (at P ≤ 0.05) among each other. The river was in crisis because of high FCB concentrations. Serious measures are suggested to manage FCB and relevant human activities in the river basin.
Synthesis of thin-film composite forward osmosis membranes for removing organic micro-pollutants from aqueous solutions
Authors: Saeedi-Jurkuyeh Alireza , Jonidi Jafari Ahmad 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
In this study, a thin-film composite (TFC) forward osmosis membrane was synthesized and characterized with various concentrations (15%, 16%, 17% and 18%) of polysulfone for the removal of two organic micro-pollutants, namely phenol and benzene from the aqueous solutions. Synthesis of a thin-film composite membrane with a support layer carried out by dissolving an amount of polysulfone polymer and polyvinyl pyrrolidone in N-methyl,2-pyrrolidone via phase inversion process and a thin-film layer of the polyamide M-phenylenediamine (MPD) and 1,3,5-benzene trichloride by interfacial polymerization reaction for the fabrication of the TFC were examined. Water flux and reverse salt flux decreased with increasing the concentration of polysulfone polymer. The composite membranes with polysulfone at 16% and 17% had even higher efficiencies. Also, by increasing the concentration of the draw solution, further phenol and benzene could be removed. The highest rejection rates of phenol (polar) and benzene (nonpolar) were found to be 79% and 90%, respectively. The results showed the capability of the thin-film composite forward osmosis (TFC-FO) membranes for removing organic micro-pollutants from the aqueous solutions under different operating conditions, with the efficiency of removing nonpolar compounds being higher.
No Compliance Correction of Class II Malocclusion in Growing Patients Whit HERBST Appliance: A Case Report
Authors: Portelli M. , Militi A. , Cicciù M. , Lo Giudice A. , Cervino G. , Fastuca R. , Nucera R. 
Published: October 2018

Background:Class II malocclusion is the most common sagittal skeletal discrepancy, with a prevalent skeletal pattern of mandibular retrusion. The correction of mandibular retrusion with functional removable appliance needs a good patient’s compliance; for this reason, some clinicians prefer to use no compliance apparatus.Objective:Objective of the present therapy note is to demonstrate that the use of no compliance apparatus can provide a good correction of skeletal class II malocclusion.Methods:In the present study, authors report a therapy note referred to a 10 years old patient, woman, affected by Class II, with mandibular retrusion and deep bite, treated in 2013 at the Dep. of Orthodontics of Messina University. An orthodontic treatment has been planned with the aim of stimulating mandibular growth; an Herbst appliance with a cantilever design, bonded on first maxillary and mandibular molars, has been used. After eleven months of functional therapy a bilateral molar class I have been obtained.Results:In the therapy note proposed, authors obtained a resolution of mandibular retrusion, a correction of overjet, overbite and dental crowding in both arches, and a bilateral molar and canine class I has been achieved.Conclusion:Herbst appliance seems to be efficient in the correction of II Class Malocclusion, independently from patient’s cooperation; moreover , early correction of Class II malocclusion with functional appliances produces several clinical advantages.
Orthodontic Fixed Appliance and Periodontal Status: An Updated Systematic Review
Authors: Cerroni Silvia , Pasquantonio Guido , Condò Roberta , Cerroni Loredana 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Periodontal implications of orthodontic therapy are frequent, gingival and periodontal conditions need to be evaluated for every appointment. Several studies have analyzed the effects of fixed appliance on periodontal health.

Objective:
To evaluate whether there is updated scientific evidence on the relationship between fixed orthodontic therapy and periodontal health.

Methods:
A literature search was performed using the Pubmed and Cochrane databases and manual search; the search was carried out using the keywords “orthodontic” and “periodontal”. Articles published only in the English language from January 1997 to April 2017 were included. The inclusion criteria were: RCTs, cohort studies, cross-sectional studies and case-control studies only in English language; only studies on humans, with a minimum sample size of 20 patients and no restriction in terms of patient ages; orthodontic fixed appliances placed into the buccal tooth surface; standardization and training in oral hygiene; Periodontal Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Bleeding on Probing (BOP), Pocket Probing Depth (PPD), at least at baseline (before appliance was placed) and after follow up (with a minimum period of 3 months). The exclusion criteria were as follows: absence of baseline data before fixed appliances was placed; patients with systemic diseases, periodontal disease or craniofacial anomalies; removable appliances or orthodontic appliance on the lingual dental surface; and no standardization or training in oral hygiene.
Studies were selected by abstract and title; then, inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. The studies that satisfied the inclusion criteria were evaluated and classified as having low, moderate or high methodology quality.

Results:
Fifty-five records were reviewed on the basis of title and abstract. After full-text reading, 47 full texts were excluded, and 3 articles were classified as having low methodological quality and 5 as having moderate methodological quality.

Conclusions:
The present systematic analysis suggests that there is moderate scientific evidence that a fixed appliance influences periodontal status; no article reported a high score.
Oral Lichenoid Lesion Manifesting as Desquamative Gingivitis: Unlikely Association? Case Report
Authors: Lopes de Oliveira Lívia  Maria , Batista Luiz Henrique Carvalho , Neto Alexandrino Pereira dos Santos , Silva Luciano Barreto , Cimões Renata , Leão Jair Carneiro , Cintra Maria Leticia , Ribeiro Camila Maria Béder 
Published: October 2018

Introduction:
The aim of this report is to present a clinical case of oral lichenoid lesions associated with amalgam restorations with the presence of desquamative gingivitis for a nine months follow up period.

Case Report:
The histopathologic characteristics and direct immunofluorescence were compatible with Oral Lichenoid Lesion (LLO). Diagnosis was based on a synthesis of all available information, including medical history, clinical examination, histopathology and the results of specific tests, such as the patch test, which confirmed allergy to thimerosal, an organic compound of mercury.

Discussion:
The replacement of amalgam restorations has brought improvements to the instrument, as evidenced by the disappearance of desquamative gingivitis, aspect erythematosus and erosive lesions. The fading does not complete the same, however, indicates the need to continue has been under continuous observation, the patient, having in view the possibility of the existence of an underlying lichen planus.
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial on Clinical Efficacy of Topical Agents in Reducing Pain and Frequency of Recurrent Aphthous Ulcers
Authors: Sharma Renu , Pallagatti Shambulingappa , Aggarwal Amit , Sheikh Soheyl , Singh Ravinder , Gupta Deepak 
Published: October 2018

Introduction:
Recurrent Aphthous Ulcers (RAU) is one of the most common oral ulcerative Disease of the oral mucosa with high recurrence rate. Standard topical treatment options provide symptomatic relief with few have been found to be effective in treating or relieving the symptoms.

Aim:
The study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of various topical agents in order to find the better treatment modality so as to decrease the number, size, exudate level and discomfort associated with pain with RAU.

Materials and methods:
The patients diagnosed with minor recurrent aphthous ulcers fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled. All the baseline parameters were measured by the principal investigator. The treatment modality was assigned by generating a randomization list by computer software, double-blinded in consecutively numbered sealed envelopes. The topical treatment modalities that were included: 5% Amlexanox, 0.1% Triamcinolone Acetonide, 20% Benzocaine gel, 100 mg Doxycycline hyclatemixed with denture adhesive and normal saline (20:2:1); The study was placebo controlled in which placebo gel 10 gm was used. The size, no of ulcers, pain, erythema and exudate level were measured by the principal investigator at days 1, 4, 8 and 10. All quantitative variables were estimated using measures of central tendency (mean, median) and measures of dispersion (standard deviation). Qualitative or categorical variables were described as frequencies or proportions. Proportions were compared using Post Hoc Test and N Par Tests. Effectiveness was checked using p-value (< 0.005).

Results:
It was observed that 0.1% Triamcinolone Acetonide and 5% Amlexanox proven to be more efficacious in the reduction of size, Number, Pain, Erythema and Exudate Levels at day 8, (p = .000*) and at day 10 (p =. 000*) as compared to single application of 100 mg Doxycycline Hyclate, 20% Benzocaine gel and the placebo, which was statistically significant. VAS scale was significant for 100 mg Doxycycline Hyclate and 20% Benzocaine gel.

Conclusion:
The selected topical treatment modality can deliver cheap, effective and safe drug therapy which benefits the patient in refining their regular activities and everyday events of life.
Assessment of Masseter Muscle Appearance and Thickness in Edentulous and Dentate Patients by Ultrasonography
Authors: Mayil Meltem , Keser Gaye , Demir Arzu , Pekiner Filiz Namdar 
Published: October 2018

Objectives:
The purpose of the present study was to examine ultrasonographic appearances of Masseter Muscle (MM) in dentate and edentulous patients without Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD).

Materials and Methods:

The thickness of the MM in 25 dentate (mean age: 30,68 ± 10,49) and 24 edentulous (mean age: 61,46 ± 9,71) patients, who visited routine dental examination, was measured at rest and at maximum contraction bilaterally. Examinations were performed using an Aloka Prosound α6 (Hitachi Aloka Medical Systems, Tokyo, Japan) equipped with an 8 MHz-wide bandwidth linear active matrix transducer (ranging from 1 to 15 MHz). The visibility and width of the internal echogenic bands of the MM were also assessed and the muscle appearance was classified as I of III types. Type I, characterized by the clear visibility of the fine bands; Type II, thickening echogenicity of the bands; Type III, disappearance or reduction in a number of the bands.

Results:
MM thickness at rest and contraction in the dentate group were significantly higher than the edentulous group (p <0.05). Type I was the most common echogenic type in both dentate (right:16 (64%), left; 15 (60%)) and edentulous patients (right; 22 (91.7%), left; 18 (75%)). In a dentate group, type II was significantly higher than the edentulous group in both the right and left sides (p <0.05; p <0.01, respectively). Age and gender seemed to have no significant effect on the echogenic type (p ˃0.05).

Conclusion:
There were significant differences in the thickness at rest and contraction between the dentate and edentulous groups. It was clarified that ultrasonographic features of the MM in dentate and edentulous patients were different.
Correlation of Condylar Translation During Maximal Mouth Opening with Presence of Signs of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders in an Asymptomatic Population of 18-25 Years Age Group of Northern India
Authors: Gupta Deepak , Sheikh Soheyl , Pallagatti Shambulingappa , Singh Ravinder , Aggarwal Amit 
Published: October 2018

Objective(s):The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of “subluxation” and presence of clinical signs of Temporomandibular Joint Disorder (TMD) in asymptomatic individuals and its distribution according to age and sex.Materials and Methods:The material investigated comprised of 200 asymptomatic subjects with 400 joints. The subjects were divided into two groups of 18-25 years and 50-60 years of age consisting of equal number of males and females. Clinical examination involved measurement of maximal inter-incisal distance, joint sounds and deviation. For radiological examination, Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) open mouth close mouth view option (TMJ1/2) was used on a Digital Panoramic Machine. All the radiographs were traced to assess subluxation and anterior translation of the condyle. The statistical analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSSInc., Chicago, IL, version 15.0 for Windows).Results:The prevalence of the signs of TMDs in the asymptomatic population was found to be very high and more predominant in females as compared to males. Furthermore, the older age group had comparatively less signs of TMDs. It was of interest that the subjects presenting with clinical signs of TMD were significantly less as compared to the subjects presenting with subluxation. The value of anterior translation was found to be more in females in the younger age group as compared to the males. Similarly, it was more in males as compared to females in older age group. But the mean anterior translation difference in females in 18-25 years and 50-60 years showed a statistically significant difference withP-value 0.017.Conclusion:Subluxation is a very common feature found in almost all the subjects in this study with a high prevalence. Hence, we may assume that the increased incidence of TMDs could be a direct result of the phenomena of subluxation. The decrease in mandibular length could be the cause of decreased mouth opening and increased subluxation.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in Lesions of Oral Cavity and Salivary Glands: A Clinico-Pathological Study
Authors: Shalley Shubhangi , Chand Nasib , Aggarwal Amit , Garg Laxmi Narayan , Yadav Varuni , Yadav Aashit 
Published: October 2018

Objective:Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is a rapid, reliable and safe diagnostic tool used for various lesions of the oral cavity and salivary glands. The present study was undertaken to categorize the cytomorphology of the oral cavity and salivary gland lesions on FNAC and to assess the accuracy of FNAC in arriving at a diagnosis.Materials and Methods:A prospective study on oral cavity swellings and salivary gland aspirates was done during a 2 year period from August 2015 to July 2017 in which a total of 70 FNAC’s were performed. There were 12 aspirates obtained from oral cavity swellings and 58 aspirates were obtained from salivary glands. Histopathological evaluation of 65 lesions was done and was considered as gold standard. Only the lesions undergoing histopathological confirmation were included in the study. The sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility index were evaluated for accuracy of FNAC.Results:Hard palate (33.33%) was the predominantly aspirated site in the oral cavity. Parotid gland was the predominant gland aspirated (60.32%) among the involved salivary glands. Non-neoplastic lesions constituted 18.47% cases whereas neoplastic lesions were 81.53% (60.00% benign and 21.53% malignant). Pleomorphic adenoma (28.65%) was the most common benign lesion in the oral cavity involving hard palate and as salivary gland neoplasm (70.54%). Squamous cell carcinoma (60%) was the most common malignant lesion of oral cavity involving the tongue and buccal mucosa and adenoid cystic carcinoma (44.45%) was the commonest malignancy in salivary gland malignant neoplasms. The overall sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of FNAC in the present study were 89.5%, 100% and 85% respectively.Conclusion:FNAC is a safe, cost-effective and reliable technique effective in diagnosing the spectrum of different lesions in the oral and maxillofacial region.