bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Dependence of Ionic Liquid Solvent Effects on the Nucleophilic Heteroatom in SNAr Reactions. Highlighting the Potential for Control of Selectivity
Authors: Schaffarczyk McHale Karin S. , Haines Ronald S. , Harper Jason B. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) reactions of 1‐fluoro‐4‐nitrobenzene using similar nitrogen and sulfur nucleophiles were studied through extensive kinetic analysis in mixtures containing ionic liquids. The interactions of the ionic liquid components with the starting materials and transition state for each process were investigated in an attempt to construct a broad predictive framework for how ionic liquids affect reaction outcome. It was found that, based on the activation parameters, the microscopic interactions and thus the ionic liquid solvent effect were different for each of the nucleophiles considered. The results from this study suggest that it may be possible to rationally select a given ionic liquid mixture to selectively control reaction outcome of an SNAr reaction where multiple nucleophiles are present.
Isomerization Dynamics of Electronically Coupled but Thermodynamically Decoupled Bisazobenzenes
Authors: Boumrifak Chokri , Yang Chong , Bellotto Silvia , Wegner Hermann A. , Wachtveitl Josef , Dreuw Andreas , Slavov Chavdar 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPhotoresponsive structures composed of multiple photoswitchable units offer the possibility of more diverse and complex control applications. For example, o‐bisazobenzenes (o‐bisABs) show unusual electronic coupling affecting the properties of the individual AB units. In the present work derivatives with amino and acetamido groups were investigated to gain further insight into the photoisomerization pathways of o‐bisABs. Time‐resolved spectroscopic experiments supported by quantum chemical calculations revealed that electronic coupling removes the bias introduced by selective excitation of one AB moiety. In effect, the isomerization ratio between the two photochromic units in o‐bisABs is intrinsically determined by the interplay of electronic coupling and their relative energy. Furthermore, the Z→E thermally activated relaxation of the AB moieties in o‐bisABs is decoupled and proceeds independently for each unit on different timescales.
The impact of country‐level institutional differences on corporate social responsibility disclosure engagement
Authors: Miniaoui Zeineb , Chibani Faten , Hussainey Khaled 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe examine the impact of country‐level governance and legal system, on corporate social responsibility disclosure (CSRD) engagement. Our analysis evaluates the extent to which they have endured the global financial crisis, as reflected in the CSRD of listed firms. We explore whether CSRD practices are similar or different in organizations from six countries and two different continents corresponding to two different legal systems, corporate governance systems, and accounting models. These factors, among others, may influence the disclosure policy of CSR information. We provide evidence that CSRD increasing effect of country‐level governance is more pronounced for companies in the Anglo‐American legal and regulatory environment and less pronounced for those in Euro‐Continental institutional environment.
Ancient landscapes of the Namib Desert harbor high levels of genetic variability and deeply divergent lineages for Collembola
Authors: Collins Gemma E. , Hogg Ian D. , Baxter Janine R. , Maggs‐Kölling Gillian , Cowan Don A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimTo assess spatial patterns of genetic and species‐level diversity for Namib Desert Collembola using mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences.LocationNamib Desert gravel plains.TaxonCollembola (springtails).MethodsA total of 77 soil samples were collected along NE‐SW (60 km) and E‐W (160 km) transects from within a 4,000 km2 area of the Namib Desert gravel plains. We extracted 434 springtails from the 37 samples which contained Collembola and sequenced them at the COI gene locus. In the absence of specific taxonomic keys and previous genetic data for these taxa, we used Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC) analyses to provide putative species‐level designations.ResultsWe obtained 341 successful COI sequences, 175 of which were unique haplotypes. GMYC analyses identified 30 putative species, with up to 28% sequence divergence (uncorrected p‐distance). The distribution of genetic variants was disjunct, with 97% of haplotypes and 70% of “GMYC species” found only at single sites.Main conclusionsDispersal events, although rare, may be facilitated by environmental events such as prevailing onshore winds or occasional flow of rainwater to the coast. We conclude that the high genetic diversity we observed is the result of ancient springtail lineages, patchy distribution of suitable habitats, and limited dispersal (gene flow) among habitable locations.
Clinical features and treatment outcomes of Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy patients
Authors: Zhang Yingying , Chen Jiani , Ren Jiechuan , Liu Wenyu , Yang Tianhua , Zhou Dong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical features and treatment outcomes of patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) in western China.MethodWe continuously reviewed one hundred and five outpatients with JME who were diagnosed and treated at the Epilepsy Registration Center of West China Hospital between October 2012 and July 2014. Seizure control stratified into different seizure types and by antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) was prospectively evaluated every 3‐6 months.ResultsAmong 105 patients with JME, eighty‐five patients (81%) received monotherapy including valproate (VPA, 47%) and levetiracetam (LEV, 43%) treatment. The rates of seizure freedom 1, 3, and 5 years after the initiation of AED treatment were 64.8% (68/105), 29.5% (31/105), and 14.6% (12/82) in JME patients, respectively. Patients with myoclonic seizure (MS) and absence seizure (AS) were less frequently seizure‐free than those with MS and generalized tonic‐clonic seizure (GTCS) (P = 0.012). Patients on VPA monotherapy had better control of GTCS than patients on LEV monotherapy (P = 0.036). There is a trend of lower rates of seizure freedom in patients treated with LEV than in those treated with VPA after the first‐year treatment period.SignificanceOur data suggest that in JME, seizure control is linked to seizure type, possibly allowing a more individualized approach when counseling JME patients.
The Fate of Copper Added to Surface Water: Field, Laboratory, and Modeling Studies
Authors: Rader Kevin J. , Carbonaro Richard F. , van Hullebusch Eric D. , Baken Stijn , Delbeke Katrien 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The fate and effects of copper in the environment are governed by a complex set of environmental processes that include binding to inorganic and organic ligands in water, soil, and sediments. In natural waters, these interactions can limit copper bioavailability and result in copper transport from the water column to the sediment. In the present study, data on the fate of copper added to lakes, microcosms, and mesocosms were compiled and analyzed to determine copper removal rates from the water column. Studies on copper behavior in sediment were also reviewed to assess the potential for remobilization. A previously developed, screening-level fate and transport model (tableau input coupled kinetic equilibrium transport–unit world model [TICKET–UWM]) was parameterized and applied to quantify copper removal rates and remobilization in a standardized lake setting. Field and modeling results were reconciled within a framework that links copper removal rates to lake depths and solids fluxes. The results of these analyses provide converging evidence that, on a large scale, copper is removed relatively quickly from natural waters. For the majority of studies examined, more than 70% of the added copper was removed from the water column within 16 d of dosing. This information may be useful in the context of environmental hazard and risk assessment of copper. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1386‒1399. © 2019 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
Bolting with pumpable reactive resins – More than fixation of steel dowels in rock
Authors: Aldrian Wolfgang , Wyink Uwe , Herrmann Christoph 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRock bolting in tunnelling and mining has been used for more than 100 years. The mechanism of how anchors behave, application and patterns have evolved into standard practices for all types of underground excavation. Passive acting bolts and dowels, as well as the active pre‐tensioned bolts act in a way to limit shear and are subject to tension, which nails the rock mass together. Injection is used in underground structures to manage water ingress and less often to reinforce the rock mass systematically. Typically, the injected cementitious material fills the cracks and fissures in the rock mass and increases the shear resistance within the treated area. The use of pumpable, thixotropic, water insensitive, fast reacting resins to encapsulate rock bolts potentially offers to combine the nailing and shear resisting effect of the bolts with an injection approach. When using an accurately controlled pressure and volume regime, the rock mass can be bonded together, resulting in a significant improvement of the overall rock mass properties. A new rock bolt anchoring resin has been developed to improve the efficiency of underground support combining the positive effects of rock bolting and injections as outlined above. The driving idea behind this concept and test results are discussed in this paper.
Provenance of newly discovered Upper Ordovician black rock units in the West Kunlun Orogen, China: Constraints from detrital zircon U–Pb chronology and whole‐rock geochemistry
Authors: Chen Wei‐Yan , Zhang Yi‐Jie , Zhu Guang‐You , Zhang Kai‐Jun , Du De‐Dao , Zhang Zhi‐Yao , Chen Zhi‐Yong , Yan Hui‐Hui , Sun Qi‐Sen , Li Ting‐Ting , Xia Bin , Yuan Ya‐Juan 
Published: April 2019

We present new detrital zircon U–Pb chronological and whole‐rock geochemical data for the newly discovered black rock units in West Kunlun Orogen in an attempt to constrain the provenance variations of the siliciclastic rocks and the tectonic history of NW China. Geochemical data indicate these black rock units could have formed in an active continental margin to continental arc setting during the Late Ordovician and source rocks could have undergone modest chemical weathering under a relatively warm and humid climate during the deposition of the black rock units. U–Pb dating of 170 detrital zircons defines five major age populations at 459–545 Ma, 710–900 Ma, 1,300–900 Ma, 1,814–1,641 Ma, and 2,153–2,845 Ma, demonstrating that the black rock units deposited during the Late Ordovician and the tectonic events that occurred in the West Kunlun Orogen were related to the assembly and breakup of the supercontinents of Columbia and Rodinia. Prevalence of Early Palaeozoic magmatic zircons further indicates the black rock units were derived from a proximal source, most likely from the South Kunlun arc.
Diversity in the oligodendrocyte lineage: Plasticity or heterogeneity?
Authors: Foerster Sarah , Hill Myfanwy F. E. , Franklin Robin J. M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHeterogeneity is a widely recognized phenomenon within the majority of cell types in the body including cells of the central nervous system (CNS). The heterogeneity of neurons based on their distinct transmission modes and firing patterns has been recognized for decades, and is necessary to coordinate the immense variety of functions of the CNS. More recently, heterogeneity in glial cells has been identified, including heterogeneity in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and oligodendrocytes. OPC subpopulations have been described based on their developmental origin, anatomical location in the grey or white matter, and expression of surface receptors. Oligodendrocytes are categorised according to differences in gene expression, myelinogenic potential, and axon specificity. Much of what is described as heterogeneity in oligodendrocyte lineage cells (OLCs) is based on phenotypic differences. However, without evidence for functional differences between putative subgroups of OLCs, distinguishing heterogeneity from plasticity and lineage state is difficult. Identifying functional differences between phenotypically distinct groups are therefore necessary for a deeper understanding of the role of OLCs in health and disease.
Dissociating semantic and phonological contributions of the left inferior frontal gyrus to language production
Authors: Klaus Jana , Hartwigsen Gesa 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWhile the involvement of the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) in language production is undisputed, the role of specific subregions at different representational levels remains unclear. Some studies suggest a division of anterior and posterior regions for semantic and phonological processing, respectively. Crucially, evidence thus far only comes from correlative neuroimaging studies, but the functional relevance of the involvement of these subregions during a given task remains elusive. We applied repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over anterior and posterior IFG (aIFG/pIFG), and vertex as a control site, while participants performed a category member and a rhyme generation task. We found a functional‐anatomical double dissociation between tasks and subregions. Naming latencies were significantly delayed in the semantic task when rTMS was applied to aIFG (relative to pIFG and vertex). In contrast, we observed a facilitation of naming latencies in the phonological task when rTMS was applied to pIFG (relative to aIFG and vertex). The results provide first causal evidence for the notion that anterior portions of the IFG are selectively recruited for semantic processing while posterior regions are functionally specific for phonological processing during word production. These findings shed light on the functional parcellation of the left IFG in language production.
Prognostic value of the nodal yield in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review
Authors: de Kort Willem W. B. , Maas Sybren L. N. , Van Es Robert J. J. , Willems Stefan M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveLiterature analysis on the prognostic factor of the nodal yield (NY) in neck dissections (NDs), which in general surgical oncology is a strong prognosticator and quality‐of‐care marker.MethodsWe performed a systematic review of all PubMed and Embase publications until June 30, 2018 screening for data on NY as prognosticator and overall survival (OS) as outcome in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Risk for bias was asserted by application of the Quality In Prognosis Studies tool.ResultsOf the 823 screened publications, 15 were included in this analysis. Five out of seven that compared NY ≥18 vs <18 as prognosticator, showed significantly improved survival if NY ≥18. Six studies used other cutoffs and three reported improved survival with each additionally harvested lymph node.ConclusionIncreased NY in ND specimen for HNSCC, most commonly described as ≥18 lymph nodes, is associated with improved OS and could be used as a prognosticator and quality‐of‐care marker.
Upregulated long noncoding RNA ENST00000470447.1 inhibits cell migration and invasion and predicts better disease‐free survival of oral cancer
Authors: Chen Fa , Yan Lingjun , Wang Jing , Lin Lisong , Qiu Yu , Hu Zhijian , Wu Junfeng , Bao Xiaodan , Lin Liangkun , Wang Rui , Cai Lin , Liu Fengqiong , He Baochang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to assess the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression profile of oral cancer and clarify the biological functions and clinical value of a novel lncRNA ENST00000470447.1.MethodMicroarray assay was used to explore lncRNA expression profiles in three paired oral cancer and adjacent normal tissue samples. The expression of targeted lncRNA (ENST00000545372.1, ENST00000470447.1, and ENST00000412353.1) was validated by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Then we evaluated the biological and clinical roles of ENST00000470447.1 in oral cancer by in vitro assays and multivariable Cox regression analysis.ResultsLncRNAs were aberrantly expressed in oral cancer tissues. The expression levels of ENST00000470447.1 and ENST00000412353.1 in oral cancer tissues were significantly lower than those in matched adjacent noncancerous tissues (P < .001). in vitro assays indicated that overexpression of ENST00000470447.1 significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of Tca‐8113 cells, whereas promoted the apoptosis of Tca‐8113 cells. Furthermore, ENST00000470447.1 expression was significantly correlated with tumor differentiation (P = .030). Cox regression analyses demonstrated that high ENST00000470447.1 expression was associated with better disease‐free survival for patients with oral cancer (hazard ratio: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.06‐0.95; P = .041).ConclusionOur findings suggest that ENST00000470447.1 can be served as a potential novel marker for recurrence and metastasis prediction of patients with oral cancer, which may provide a potential therapeutic target for oral cancer.
Towards estimating root‐zone soil moisture using surface multispectral and thermal sensing: A spectral and hydrometeorological dataset from the Dookie experiment site, Victoria, Australia
Authors: Akuraju Venkata Radha , Ryu Dongryeol , Western Andrew William , Ian Young Rodger 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper describes surface hydrometeorological and spectral datasets collected from two tower sites located in the University of Melbourne's Dookie experimental farm, Victoria, Australia. The datasets were collected from different vegetation types including wheat, canola, and grazed pasture during the 2012, 2013, and 2014 cropping seasons. The dataset includes 30‐min frequency latent and sensible heat flux measurements and layer‐average soil moisture data at profile depths of 0–5, 0–30, 30–60, 60–90, and 90–120 cm. Air temperature, wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, precipitation, and incoming and outgoing longwave and shortwave radiation data were also collected from two locations in the study area. The dataset described in this paper is available online.
Cisplatin and S‐1 for urachal carcinoma: A single‐institution case series
Authors: Urasaki Tetsuya , Naito Yoichi , Matsubara Nobuaki , Sasaki Masaoki , Kogawa Takahiro , Hosono Ako 
Published: April 2019

IntroductionUrachal carcinoma is a rare cancer, manifesting predominantly as adenocarcinoma, and could be treated with chemotherapy in patients with advanced or recurrent disease. However, any standard chemotherapy regimens are yet to be determined.Case presentationWe retrospectively reviewed five patients with urachal adenocarcinoma treated with a potent first‐line chemotherapy, cisplatin and S‐1, between 2011 and 2014. Among the five patients, three were males. The median age at diagnosis was 61 years, ranging from 47 to 67. The most common symptom at their first visit was macroscopic hematuria. The best response was stable disease in four patients, which persisted for 7 months. Three patients experienced only one episode of grade 3 toxicity. Cisplatin and S‐1 was well tolerated and safe.ConclusionThe activity of cisplatin and S‐1 is modest and more efficacious treatment is desired against urachal carcinoma.
Functional paraganglioma of the bladder: Both radiographic‐negative and laboratory‐negative case
Authors: Sugimura Rumiko , Kawahara Takashi , Noguchi Go , Takamoto Daiji , Izumi Koji , Teranishi Jun‐ichi , Miyoshi Yasuhide , Yao Masahiro , Otani Masako , Uemura Hiroji 
Published: April 2019

IntroductionParaganglioma has been determined to be an extra‐adrenal pheochromocytoma. Paraganglioma of the bladder is a rare entity, accounting for 0.06% of all bladder tumors.Case presentationA 58‐year‐old woman had been annually followed up since being diagnosed with rectal cancer 5 years ago. In January 2018, follow‐up computed tomography detected a bladder tumor, and she was referred to our department for a further examination. Cystoscopy revealed a submucosal tumor on her right bladder wall. We performed transurethral resection of the bladder tumor. When we first marked the tumor margin, the systolic blood pressure increased, so we abandoned resection. We performed meta‐iodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy and acid urinary collection, neither of which revealed any abnormal findings. We therefore performed open partial cystectomy based on a clinical diagnosis of paraganglioma of the bladder. The pathological findings revealed paraganglioma of the bladder.ConclusionWe herein report a case of paraganglioma of the bladder.
Optimally designed reactive distillation processes for eco‐efficient production of ethyl levulinate
Authors: Vázquez‐Castillo José A , Contreras‐Zarazúa Gabriel , Segovia‐Hernández Juan G , Kiss Anton A 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDEthyl levulinate (EL) is an important chemical that can be used as a bio‐based replacement of fuel additives such as methyl tert‐butyl ether (MTBE) and tert‐amyl methyl ether (TAME). EL production from lactic acid and ethanol is a viable option, as both precursors can be obtained from biomass. However, the problem of EL production by esterification is that this reaction is hindered by the chemical equilibrium limitations and the boiling points ranking, which is not the most favorable.RESULTSThis study provides novel optimally designed reactive distillation (RD) processes for the production of EL, taking into account costs, environmental impact and safety. The thermally coupled RD process is the most appealing, with the lowest energy use (1.667 MJ kg−1 EL), minimal investment cost, major energy savings (up to 54.3% lower than other RD processes), reduced environmental impact (up to 51% lower ECO99 index value) and similar safety as other RD processes considered (less than 2% differences in the individual risk (IR) indicator).CONCLUSIONThe multi‐objective optimization approach used here showed its robustness, practicality and flexibility to provide multiple optimal designs of intensified processes that are economically attractive, environmentally friendly and inherently safe. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Men's experiences of recontact about a potential increased risk of prostate cancer due to Lynch Syndrome: “Just another straw on the stack”
Authors: Rasmussen Victoria , Forbes Shepherd Rowan , Forrest Laura Elenor , James Paul A. , Young Mary‐Anne 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe practice of recontacting patients to provide new health information is becoming increasingly common in clinical genetics, despite the limited research to evidence the patient experience. We explored how men with Lynch Syndrome (LS) understand and experience being recontacted about a potential increased risk of prostate cancer. Sixteen men with LS (Meanage 51 years) were recruited from an Australian screening study to undergo a semi‐structured interview. A modified grounded theory approach was used to guide data collection and thematic analysis. Qualitative coding was shared by the research team to triangulate analysis. The practice of recontact was viewed by participants as acceptable and was associated with minimal emotional distress. The majority of men understood that they may be above population risk of prostate cancer, although evidence was still emerging. Men reported high engagement with personal and familial health, including regular screening practices and familial risk communication. Findings suggest that men's carrier status and beliefs about the actionability of the new cancer risk information influence their response to recontact. Recontact practices that include the offer of risk management strategies may lead to improved patient outcomes (e.g., reduced cancer worry and increased health engagement), if perceived as valuable by recipients.