bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptation pathways for conservation law and policy
Authors: McDonald Jan , McCormack Phillipa C. , Dunlop Michael , Farrier David , Feehely Jess , Gilfedder Louise , Hobday Alistair J. , Reside April E. 
Published: September 2018

Globally, biodiversity is under increasing pressure from human activities despite protective measures in conservation laws. Climate change will exacerbate those pressures and the effects of habitat loss and species decline. Current approaches to conservation law in most countries focus on establishing protected areas and limiting activities outside reserves that might affect priority species, habitats, and ecological communities. These measures have had mixed success depending on scale and implementation, but are likely to perform poorly under conditions of future change. To prepare for the future, we consider how conservation law and policy needs to anticipate and manage for future change; widen its scope beyond species and ecological communities that are currently threatened; and support adaptive management of priority areas and species. Using Australian conservation law as a case study, we outline three possible routes by which this shift could occur. The first involves enhancing the adaptiveness of conservation law, the second expands the focus of conservation law from protected areas and listed species to include ecosystems and ecosystem services, while the third attempts to do both simultaneously. We examine the legal mechanisms needed to implement each route, examples of their use in practice, and barriers that must be overcome for successful implementation.This article is categorized under:

Climate, Ecology, and Conservation > Conservation Strategies
Decoding the neural representation of self and person knowledge with multivariate pattern analysis and data‐driven approaches
Authors: Wagner Dylan D. , Chavez Robert S. , Broom Timothy W. 
Published: September 2018

Multivariate pattern analysis and data‐driven approaches to understand how the human brain encodes sensory information and higher level conceptual knowledge have become increasingly dominant in visual and cognitive neuroscience; however, it is only in recent years that these methods have been applied to the domain of social information processing. This review examines recent research in the field of social cognitive neuroscience focusing on how multivariate pattern analysis (e.g., pattern classification, representational similarity analysis) and data‐driven methods (e.g., reverse correlation, intersubject correlation) have been used to decode and characterize high‐level information about the self, other persons, and social groups. We begin with a review of what is known about how self‐referential processing and person perception are represented in the medial prefrontal cortex based on conventional activation‐based neuroimaging approaches. This is followed by a nontechnical overview of current multivariate pattern‐based and data‐driven neuroimaging methods designed to characterize and/or decode neural representations. The remainder of the review focuses on examining how these methods have been applied to the topic of self, person perception, and the perception of social groups. In this review, we highlight recent trends (e.g., analysis of social networks, decoding race and social groups, and the use of naturalistic stimuli) and discuss several theoretical challenges that arise from the application of these new methods to the question of how the brain represents knowledge about the self and others.This article is categorized under:Neuroscience > Cognition
Environmental transmission of Clostridioides difficile ribotype 027 at a long-term care facility; an outbreak investigation guided by whole genome sequencing
Authors: Endres Bradley T. , Dotson Kierra M. , Poblete Kelley , McPherson Jacob , Lancaster Chris , Bassères Eugénie , Memariani Ali , Arnold Sandi , Tupy Shawn , Carlsen Conner , Morehead Bonnie , Anyatonwu Sophia , Cook Christa , Begum Khurshida , Alam M. Jahangir , Garey Kevin W. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis article describes a CDI outbreak in a long-term care (LTC) facility that used molecular typing techniques and whole-genome sequencing to identify widespread dissemination of the clonal strain in the environment which was successfully removed after terminal cleaning.SettingThis study was conducted in a long-term care facility in Texas.MethodsA recently hospitalized LTC patient was diagnosed with CDI followed shortly thereafter by 7 subsequent CDI cases. A stool specimen was obtained from each patient for culturing and typing. An environmental point-prevalence study of the facility was conducted before and after terminal cleaning of the facility to assess environmental contamination. Cultured isolates were typed using ribotyping, multilocus variant analysis, and whole-genome sequencing.ResultsStool samples were available for 5 of 8 patients; of these specimens, 4 grew toxigenic C. difficile ribotype 027. Of 50 environmental swab samples collected throughout the facility prior to the facility-wide terminal cleaning, 19 (38%) grew toxigenic C. difficile (most commonly ribotype 027, 79%). The terminal cleaning was effective at reducing C. difficile spores in the environment and at eradicating the ribotype 027 strain (P<.001). Using multilocus variance analysis and whole-genome sequencing, clinical and environmental strains were highly related and, in some cases, were identical.ConclusionUsing molecular typing techniques, we demonstrated reduced environmental contamination with toxigenic C. difficile and the eradication of a ribotype 027 clone. These techniques may help direct infection control efforts and decrease the burden of CDI in the healthcare system.
Estimating winter balance and its uncertainty from direct measurements of snow depth and density on alpine glaciers
Authors: PULWICKI ALEXANDRA , FLOWERS GWENN E. , RADIĆ VALENTINA , BINGHAM DEREK 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTAccurately estimating winter surface mass balance on glaciers is central to assessing glacier health and predicting glacier run-off. However, measuring and modelling snow distribution is inherently difficult in mountainous terrain. Here, we explore rigorous statistical methods of estimating winter balance and its uncertainty from multiscale measurements of snow depth and density. In May 2016, we collected over 9000 manual measurements of snow depth across three glaciers in the St. Elias Mountains, Yukon, Canada. Linear regression, combined with cross-validation and Bayesian model averaging, as well as ordinary kriging are used to interpolate point-scale values to glacier-wide estimates of winter balance. Elevation and a wind-redistribution parameter exhibit the highest correlations with winter balance, but the relationship varies considerably between glaciers. A Monte Carlo analysis reveals that the interpolation itself introduces more uncertainty than the assignment of snow density or the representation of grid-scale variability. For our study glaciers, the winter balance uncertainty from all assessed sources ranges from 0.03 to 0.15 m w.e. (5–39%). Despite the challenges associated with estimating winter balance, our results are consistent with a regional-scale winter-balance gradient.
Calicioid diversity in humid inland British Columbia may increase into the 5th century after stand initiation
Authors: GOWARD Trevor , ARSENAULT André 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMaintenance of biodiversity in managed forested landscapes requires detailed knowledge of the ecological requirements of specialist organisms linked to key microhabitats. Here we examine the relationship of 37 lichenized and unlichenized epiphytic calicioid species to stand age and substratum type in seven pairs of mid-seral (70–165 y) and old (220–470 y) forest stands in humid east-central British Columbia. Based on our inventory of eight host tree species, total calicioid diversity and mean species richness are highest in old stands, with 12 species not detected and nine additional species much less frequent in mid-seral stands.Thuja plicatasupports by far the highest level of total calicioid diversity, with 31 of 37 species; mostly associated with very old trees. Owing primarily to the late recruitment of lignicolous calicioids, stand-level calicioid richness continues to increase into the 5th century after stand initiation. Our study thus has two major findings pertinent to the maintenance of forest biodiversity in managed forests: first, stand-level calicioid richness increases slightly for at least three centuries past the acquisition of old-growth status; second, remnant trees and snags carried forward into mid-seral, regenerating stands enhance overall calicioid species richness. These results suggest that very old old-growth (= ‘antique’) forests might play an important role in the long-term maintenance of calicioid species richness, further suggesting that the standard practice of lumping all forests above a set age into a single old-growth category is not ecologically tenable for all taxonomic groups.
‘Intimations of immortality’: a response to Bernard Williams
Authors: THOMPSON JON W. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this article, I address Bernard Williams's famous objection to immortality. Following others, I conceive of Williams's argument as presenting a dilemma for those who hope in immortality. The first lemma involves utter boredom, while the second lemma involves loss of one's distinctive character. I argue that each lemma fails to admit realistic alternative possibilities. The first fails to admit the possibility that our disposition to boredom is a radically contingent disposition. The second fails to admit the possibility that we retain some of our most important desires and projects in immortality – even while cycling through an array of desires and projects.
Local rings with quasi-decomposable maximal ideal
Authors: NASSEH SAEED , TAKAHASHI RYO 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLet (R, 𝔪) be a commutative noetherian local ring. In this paper, we prove that if 𝔪 is decomposable, then for any finitely generated R-module M of infinite projective dimension 𝔪 is a direct summand of (a direct sum of) syzygies of M. Applying this result to the case where 𝔪 is quasi-decomposable, we obtain several classifications of subcategories, including a complete classification of the thick subcategories of the singularity category of R.
Discovery of a new breeding population of the Vulnerable Swinhoe’s Rail Coturnicops exquisitus confirmed by genetic analysis
Authors: HEIM WIELAND , TRENSE DARONJA , HEIM AREND , KAMP JOHANNES , SMIRENSKI SERGEI M. , WINK MICHAEL , WULF TOM 
Published: September 2018

SummaryThe ‘Vulnerable’ Swinhoe’s RailCoturnicops exquisitusis believed to occur in only two regions in Russia’s Far East and China’s Heilongjiang province, separated by more than 1,000 km. Recent observations suggest that the Amur region, situated between the two known populations, might be inhabited by this secretive species as well. As the species is rather similar in appearance and field characteristics to its Nearctic sister taxon, the Yellow RailC. noveboracensis, and almost all field records relate to flushed individuals in flight, we aimed to complement the field observations by genetic evidence. Samples were obtained from four individuals and one eggshell and their mitochondrial cytochrome b genes were amplified and sequenced. The genetic analyses unequivocally confirmed that swab samples and eggshell were attributable to Swinhoe’s Rail, thus constituting the first known breeding record of this species for 110 years. It is therefore likely that the individuals observed in the field also belonged to this species. It seems possible that Swinhoe’s Rail is more widely distributed in the Amur region and was overlooked in the past, possibly due to a misleading description of its calls in the literature.
Multiple Herbicide–Resistant Italian Ryegrass [Lolium perenneL. spp.multiflorum(Lam.) Husnot] in California Perennial Crops: Characterization, Mechanism of Resistance, and Chemical Management
Authors: Brunharo Caio A. C. G. , Hanson Bradley D. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractItalian ryegrass [Lolium perenneL. spp.multiflorum(Lam.) Husnot] is a troublesome weedy species in many regions of California. Its control has been chiefly dependent on herbicides due to their effectiveness and practicality and, as result, herbicide-resistant populations have been selected. Poor control of a population ofL. multiflorumwith paraquat was recently reported in a prune orchard in Hamilton City, CA. A series of experiments were carried out to characterize the response of this population to several POST herbicides, study the mechanisms of resistance, and investigate alternative chemical management options in tree crops. A known susceptible (S) and the suspected resistant population (PRHC) were subjected to greenhouse dose–response experiments with clethodim, fluazifop-P-butyl, glufosinate, glyphosate, paraquat, pyroxsulam, rimsulfuron, and sethoxydim. A 310-bp fragment of theEPSPSgene containing position 106 was sequenced from PRHC and S. Field experiments were carried out in a prune orchard with PRE herbicides commonly used by perennial crop growers in California. Greenhouse dose–response experiments confirmed that PRHC is resistant to paraquat, as well as multiply resistant to clethodim and glyphosate. TheEPSPSgene of PRHC is heterozygous for glyphosate resistance at position 106, where one allele exhibited proline substituted by serine and the other by alanine. Field experiments with PRE herbicides indicated that tank mixes containing indaziflam and flumioxazin can provide adequateL. multiflorumcontrol up to 150 d after treatment. Poor weed management practices, such as overreliance on a single site of action, have frequently been associated with the selection of herbicide-resistantL. multiflorumpopulations around the world, and adequate herbicide-resistance management programs are necessary for growers to maintain economic sustainability even after evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds in their fields.
Erfassung der Emotionsregulation bei Jugendlichen anhand des „Affective Style Questionnaire – Youth (ASQ-Y)“
Authors: Graser Johannes , Heimlich Christiane , Kelava Augustin , Hofmann Stefan G. , Stangier Ulrich , Schreiber Franziska 
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung. Zur Erfassung der 3 Emotionsregulationsstrategien Unterdrücken, Anpassen / Neubewerten und Akzeptieren wurde der Affective Style Questionnaire für Jugendliche (ASQ-Y) adaptiert und an einer entsprechenden Stichprobe (N = 1 092) validiert. Die Dimensionalität des englischen Originalfragebogens und der deutschen Version für Erwachsene konnte auch für Jugendliche bestätigt werden. Während der Analyse kam das ESEM-Verfahren (Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling) zum Einsatz, die Kennwerte bewegten sich im akzeptablen bis sehr guten Bereich. Der Comparative Fit Index (CFI) erreichte einen akzeptablen Wert von .938, ebenso der Tucker–Lewis Index (TLI) mit einem Wert von .911. Der Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) lag bei einem sehr guten Wert von .050, das Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) erreichte einen guten Wert von .030. Die internen Konsistenzen der 3 Skalen (Unterdrücken: α = .77; Anpassen / Neubewerten: α = .76; Akzeptieren: α = .76) erreichten (vergleichbar mit dem englischen Original und der deutschen Erwachsenenstichprobe) zufriedenstellende Werte. Die Subskalen zeigten hypothesenkonforme diskriminante und konvergente Zusammenhänge mit etablierten Verfahren des Forschungsbereichs Emotionsregulation, was für die Konstruktvalidität spricht. Insgesamt ist der ASQ-Y als Messinstrument zur Erfassung von verschiedenen Emotionsregulationsstrategien bei Jugendlichen geeignet und ökonomisch in seiner Anwendung. Der ASQ-Y kann in der Allgemeinbevölkerung und in der Prävention eingesetzt werden. Nach entsprechender Validierung ist der Einsatz auch im klinischen Setting möglich.
Psychometric Properties of the Strengths and Difficulties	Questionnaire in Children Aged 5–12 Years Across Seven European	Countries
Authors: Husky Mathilde M. , Otten Roy , Boyd Anders , Pez Ondine , Bitfoi Adina , Carta Mauro G. , Goelitz Dietmar , Koç Ceren , Lesinskiene Sigita , Mihova Zlatka , Kovess-Masfety Viviane 
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) has been used extensively to screen for possible mental disorders in epidemiological studies around the world. The present study aimed to compare the internal consistency of both the parent- and teacher-SDQ across seven European countries: Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, Lithuania, Bulgaria, Romania, and Turkey, and to determine the ability of the SDQ to discriminate cases from non-cases of disorders against the well-established Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA). The sample included 541 assessments of children aged 5–12 years. Internal consistency ranged from .74 to .85 for the teacher-SDQ, and .60 to .85 for the parent-SDQ with significant between-country differences. The SDQ further proved to be an adequate screening instrument for the detection of any mental disorder (area under the receiving operator characteristic [AUROC] = .74, 95% CI: .69–.78), and for externalizing disorders in particular (AUROC = .80, 95% CI: .76–.84). There were no differences in AUROC between countries ( p = .09), yet sample sizes were limited thus restricting our ability to detect between-country differences in AUROCs. The results reinforce existing research on the SDQ and support its use in detecting probable cases of psychiatric disorders in children across Europe.
Pediatric Symptom Checklist-17
Authors: Liu Jin , DiStefano Christine , Burgess Yin , Wang Jiandong 
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The Pediatric Symptom Checklist-17 (PSC-17) is a screener designed to measure children’s behavioral and emotional problems. The measurement invariance of the scale’s higher-order factor structure was investigated in the current study. Gender invariance was established through a series of tests for configural invariance (baseline model), metric invariance, scalar invariance, residual variance invariance of items, higher-order factor loadings invariance, intercepts invariance of first-order factors, disturbances invariance of first-order factors, and factor variance invariance of a higher-order factor. The latent mean difference of the higher-order factor indicates that boys exhibited more problems with a strong effect size ( d = .870). As invariance holds, the PSC-17 may be an option to identify preschool children’s behavioral and emotional problems in Response to Intervention programs in school-based settings.
Low‐Temperature Thermochronology of the Chatkal‐Kurama Terrane (Uzbekistan‐Tajikistan): Insights Into the Meso‐Cenozoic Thermal History of the Western Tian Shan
Authors: Jepson Gilby , Glorie Stijn , Konopelko Dmitry , Gillespie Jack , Danišík Martin , Mirkamalov Rustam , Mamadjanov Yunus , Collins Alan S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe Chatkal‐Kurama terrane represents a key region in understanding the tectonic evolution of the western Tian Shan. In this contribution, we present new thermochronological data (zircon [U‐Th‐Sm]/He, apatite fission track, and apatite [U‐Th‐Sm]/He) and the associated thermal history models for 30 igneous samples from the Chatkal‐Kurama terrane within Uzbekistan and Tajikistan (west of the Talas‐Fergana Fault) and integrate our data with published data from the central Tian Shan (east of the Talas‐Fergana Fault). The Chatkal‐Kurama terrane experienced a phase of rapid cooling during the Triassic‐Jurassic at ca. 225–190 Ma, which we interpret as a far‐field response to the closure of the Palaeo‐Asian Ocean or the accretion of the Qiangtang terrane on to the Eurasian margin. In the Late Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous, the Chatkal‐Kurama terrane experienced a period of tectonic stability and denudation, before transitioning into a period of marine incursions of the Paratethys Sea. In contrast, fast cooling is recorded for the Kyrgyz central Tian Shan to the east of the Talas‐Fergana Fault. The differing thermal histories at either side of the Talas‐Fergana Fault suggest that the fault induced a topographic divide during the Late Jurassic‐Early Cretaceous, with high relief in the east (Kyrgyz Tian Shan) and low relief to the west (Uzbek‐Tajik Tian Shan). Finally, the Chatkal‐Kurama terrane experienced renewed tectonic activity since ca. 30 Ma, related with the distant India‐Eurasia collision and Pamir indentation. The Cenozoic reactivation induced crustal tilting of the Chatkal‐Kurama terrane, progressively exposing deeper rocks to the southwest.
Saturn's Ionosphere: Electron Density Altitude Profiles and D‐Ring Interaction From The Cassini Grand Finale
Authors: Hadid L. Z. , Morooka M. W. , Wahlund J.‐E. , Persoon A. M. , Andrews D. J. , Shebanits O. , Kurth W. S. , Vigren E. , Edberg N. J. T. , Nagy A. F. , Eriksson A. I. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe present the electron density (ne) altitude profiles of Saturn's ionosphere at near‐equatorial latitudes from all 23 orbits of Cassini's Grand Finale. The data are collected by the Langmuir probe part of the Radio and Plasma Wave Science investigation. A high degree of variability in the electron density profiles is observed. However, organizing them by consecutive altitude ranges revealed clear differences between the southern and northern hemispheres. The ne profiles are shown to be more variable and connected to the D‐ring below 5,000 km in the southern hemisphere compared to the northern hemisphere. This observed variability is explained to be a consequence of an electrodynamic interaction with the D‐ring. Moreover, a density altitude profile is constructed for the northern hemisphere indicating the presence of three different ionospheric layers. Similar properties were observed during Cassini's final plunge, where the main ionospheric peak is crossed at ∼1,550‐km altitude.
Role of miR-223 in the pathophysiology of liver diseases
Authors: Ye Dan , Zhang Tianbao , Lou Guohua , Liu Yanning 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMiRNAs are small, noncoding RNAs, which can regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally, and they have emerged as key factors in disease biology by aiding in disease development and progression. MiR-223 is highly conserved during evolution and it was first described as a modulator of hematopoietic lineage differentiation. MiR-223 has an essential part in inflammation by targeting the nuclear factor-κB pathway and the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome. Recent studies have shown that miR-223 expression is deregulated in various types of liver diseases, including hepatitis virus infections, alcohol-induced liver injury, drug-induced liver injury, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. As inflammatory and immune factors are involved in the occurrence and progress of liver diseases, deregulated miR-223 may participate in the pathogenesis of these conditions by influencing neutrophil infiltration, macrophage polarization, and inflammasome activation. This review first summarizes the present understanding of the biological functions of miR-223, including its gene location and transcription regulation, as well as its physiological role in hematopoietic differentiation. This review then focuses on the role of miR-223 in liver pathophysiology and its potential applications as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target in liver diseases.