bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unterstützung der Lebensstiländerung und Verbesserung
der subjektiven Erwerbstätigkeitsprognose bei Patienten mit Diabetes
mellitus Typ 2 und Adipositas durch ein Planungskompetenztraining in einem
randomisierten Kontrollgruppendesign
Authors: Arling Viktoria , Huth Frauke , Slavchova Veneta , Pollmann Hartmut 
Published: May 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 und/oder
Adipositas haben oft Schwierigkeiten medizinisch indizierte
Lebensstiländerungen in ihrem Alltag umzusetzen. In dieser Studie
wurde geprüft, ob ein Planungskompetenztraining (PKT)
während einer medizinischen Rehabilitation Patienten bzgl.
angestrebter Änderung unterstützt und darüber hinaus
positiven Einfluss auf die subjektive Erwerbstätigkeitsprognose
nimmt.
Methode An der Studie nahmen 467 Patienten teil, die zwischen
12/2012 und 08/2014 eine dreiwöchige Rehabilitation
in einer Rehabilitationsklinik absolvierten. Mittels eines randomisierten
Kontrollgruppendesigns wurden Trainings- bzw. Nachsorgeeffekte kontrolliert
(eine Experimentalgruppe [EG], 3 Kontrollgruppen [KG]).
Ergebnisse Auf der Basis einer Intention-to-treat-Analyse
ließen sich zwischen den 4 Studiengruppen keine signifikanten
Unterschiede finden. Relevante Unterschiede zeigten sich
ausschließlich auf Basis einer Per-Protokoll-Analyse. Unterschiede
fanden sich im Zwei-Gruppen-Vergleich zwischen Teilnehmern, die am Training
teilgenommen hatten (EG-A und KG-B) bzw. nicht teilgenommen hatten (KG-C und
KG-D).
Schlussfolgerung Der Einsatz des Planungskompetenztrainings kann in
der vorliegenden Form für die medizinische Rehabilitation nicht
empfohlen werden. Unter Berücksichtigung relevanter Ergebnisse
(positivere Erwerbstätigkeitprognose; Verbesserung des Lebensstils),
kann jedoch eine Anpassung des Trainings in Erwägung gezogen
werden.
Use of Viscoelastography in Malignancy-Associated Coagulopathy and Thrombosis: A Review
Authors: Walsh Mark , Moore Ernest E. , Moore Hunter , Thomas Scott , Lune Stefani Vande , Zimmer David , Dynako Joseph , Hake Daniel , Crowell Zachary , McCauley Ross , Larson Emilee E. , Miller Michael , Pohlman Tim , Achneck Hardean E. , Martin Peter , Nielsen Nathan , Shariff Faisal , Ploplis Victoria A. , Castellino Francis J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe relationship between malignancy and coagulopathy is one that is well documented yet incompletely understood. Clinicians have attempted to quantify the hypercoagulable state produced in various malignancies using common coagulation tests such as prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and platelet count; however, due to these tests' focus on individual aspects of coagulation during one specific time point, they have failed to provide clinicians the complete picture of malignancy-associated coagulopathy (MAC). Viscoelastic tests (VETs), such as thromboelastography (TEG) and rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM), are whole blood analyses that have the advantage of providing information related to the cumulative effects of plasma clotting factors, platelets, leukocytes, and red cells during all stages of the coagulation and fibrinolytic processes. VETs have gained popularity in the care of trauma patients to objectively measure trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC), but the utility of VETs remains yet unrealized in many other medical specialties. The authors discuss the similarities and differences between TIC and MAC, and propose a mechanism for the hypercoagulable state of MAC that revolves around the thrombomodulin–thrombin complex as it switches between activating the protein C anticoagulation pathway or the thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor coagulation pathway. Additionally, they review the current literature on the use of TEG and ROTEM in patients with various malignancies. Although limited research is currently available, early results demonstrate the utility of both TEG and ROTEM in the prediction of hypercoagulable states and thromboembolic complications in oncologic patients.
The dynamics of changes in the early English inflection
Authors: Adamczyk Elżbieta 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This study examines the mechanisms of the reorganisation of the Old English nominal morphology, which embraced a range of phonological and analogical developments conditioned by a variety of factors deriving from different domains. The immediate consequences of these changes are most prominent in the minor (unproductive) declensional classes, whose inflection tended to be remodelled on the patterns of the major (productive) paradigms. The focus of the study is primarily on three factors which had a major impact on the restructuring patterns of the Old English nominal morphology: frequency of occurrence, morpho-phonological salience of inflectional exponents and the formal inflectional overlap across paradigms. Interacting mostly in a synergetic way, they largely determined the shape of the nominal system as it is known now in modern English. The analysed material demonstrates as well that the dynamics of the changes in the nominal system worked towards retaining or enhancing the functionality of the system.
“Subsumed under the dative”?
Authors: Middeke Kirsten 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Most descriptions of Old English grammar do not count the instrumental as a separate case, since distinctly instrumental forms are not available for all lexical categories that are inflected for case in Old English. Assuming that the instrumental has been completely subsumed under the dative is misleading, however. In actual fact, any definite, quantified or adjective-modified masculine or neuter NP in the singular can be marked either dative or instrumental, and a clear functional difference emerges if we contrast noun phrases containing instrumental forms with those containing exclusively dative forms. Instrumental-case NPs are adverbials of time, manner and place, whereas dative-case NPs usually refer to persons and are often verbal arguments. This paper explores the extent to which the instrumental and the dative can be distinguished in Old English, the functional load of the distinction and the degree of its productivity, drawing on the results of collexeme analyses carried out on data from the York-Toronto-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Old English Prose.
Leveraging grammaticalization
Authors: Colleran Rebecca 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
For a long time, the striking similarities between OFris (Old Frisian) and Old English (OE) were attributed to an exclusive shared ancestor (Anglo-Frisian), but in the late 20th century that view was ousted in favor of a dialect continuum model. Recent developments in genetics, textual analysis, and archaeology, however, suggest that the earlier model is more accurate. This paper explores a series of diagnostics to distinguish between shared grammaticalizations caused by linguistic relatedness and those caused by geographical proximity. Those diagnostics are then applied to two developments exclusive to OFris and OE: the grammaticalization of aga(n) ‘have’ into auxiliary ‘have to’, and the development of a verb complement based on the OE/OFris present participle. In both cases, the diagnostics indicate that the changes occurred due to a shared ancestor, supporting the Anglo-Frisian hypothesis.
From time-before-place to place-before-time in the history of English
Authors: Chrambach Susanne 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In Present-day English, place adverbials tend to precede adverbials of time in clusters (cf. Hasselgård, 1996). In this paper, this word order preference is investigated from a diachronic perspective. The corpus-based analysis shows that the preferred order changes from time-before-place in Old English to place-before-time towards the end of the Middle English period. In a number of binary logistic regressions this study explores which factors might motivate these preferences respectively. The obligatoriness of the adverbials and their realization form emerge as two crucial factors. Their effect can be related to the proximity principle (cf. Hasselgård, 2010), the principle of end weight, and the principle of given-before-new. Comparing the different periods of English from Old English to Early Modern English, this paper shows how the increasingly fixed position of the lexical verb can be linked to the reversal of the ordering preference from time-before-place to place-before-time.
Variation and change at the interface of syntax and semantics
Authors: Schützler Ole 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Based on the Corpus of Historical American English (COHA), this chapter inspects diachronic changes of constructions involving the concessive conjunctions although, though and even though from the 1860s to the present day. Following a short summary of changes in semantics and clause structures, the main focus lies on factors that have an effect on the position of the subordinate clause relative to the matrix clause. A Bayesian logistic regression model is used to investigate in how far the position of a subordinate clause can be predicted from the semantics of the entire construction, the connective that is used, and the weight (or length) of the complement, and whether the preferred positions of subordinate clauses change over time.
Usage guides and the Age of Prescriptivism
Authors: Tieken-Boon van Ostade Ingrid 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Questioning the traditional association of the Age of Prescriptivism with the 18th century, this study distinguishes between prescription as a late stage in the English standardisation process and the subsequently arising prescriptivism, with possibly stronger roots in America than the UK. The typical product of prescriptivism is the usage guide, published in increasing numbers over the years and enormously popular today. Irregular verbs are used as a case study to demonstrate how usage guides treat usage problems, and to bring to light their essentially idiosyncratic nature. Results from a survey conducted to try and assess the effects of prescriptivism in the eyes of the general public showed that currently a form of anti-prescriptivism is developing, though this does not actually seem to herald the end of English standardisation as such.
Promotional conventions on English title-pages up to 1550
Authors: Varila Mari-Liisa , Peikola Matti 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This study traces the development of promotional conventions on English title-pages up to 1550. The early development of title-pages was influenced by older paratextual elements such as prologues and colophons. However, in the context of print production, book producers soon began to use this prominent new space for advertising their skills and products. In terms of this marketing function, the early title-page can be compared to the publisher’s blurb. We examine how book producers promoted their work on title-pages and how the conventions related to this paratextual element developed in the early era of print. Our focus is on the modification of verbs and nouns describing books, texts, and the related production processes. Three main categories of modification emerge from our survey: time, scope, and quality. While the emerging conventions of title-page discourse share many features with modern advertising English, there are also features that seem surprising from the modern perspective.
Testing a stylometric tool in the study of Middle English documentary texts
Authors: Mäkinen Martti 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This article is about testing Stylo, a stylometric script for R, in the study of Middle English documents. The main aim of the paper is to be able to discriminate between Middle English documents and document groups with the help of an automatic classification script. The basic assumption is that stylometric tools, and Stylo in particular, may provide new insights into affinity between Middle English texts. In other words, stylometric tools in general help to identify text groups the members of which have something in common in their parentage; Stylo for R is no exception in this.
Pragmatic and formulaic uses of shall and will in Older Scots and Early Modern English official letter writing
Authors: Elsweiler Christine 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Letters of the Early Modern period are typically composed of set parts, such as a salutation or letter-closing formulae, and of less conventionalised passages. In both conventional and non-conventional parts predictive and intentional shall and will are regularly used. This comparative study of Early Modern English (EModE) and Older Scots (OSc) official letters investigates how formulaic conventions and pragmatic function influenced the use of shall and will. The findings show that in OSc official letters written between 1500 and 1700 shall, irrespective of whether it has a predictive or an intentional meaning, is favoured over will for conventionalised commissive speech acts. Outside such conventional uses, shall became rare in the 17th century. In the English letters, the commissive uses of shall declined after the first half of the 16th century. Will, by contrast, is preferred for non-commissive uses in both English and Scots letters.
Studying dialect spelling in its own right
Authors: Wolf Göran 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This paper addresses the question of why historical linguistics should be interested in studying dialect spelling in its own right. It deduces a number of arguments in favour of that interest from a case study of the graphical representation of Ulster Scots in the past and present. Referring to a selection of findings from that case study and relating them to central issues of written language, the paper calls for a greater interest in the general structure and the historical development of vernacular written representations. Accordingly, it sketches a systematic framework and suggests basic research questions in support of diachronic (and synchronic) studies of what the paper delineates as “dialect graphy”.
Determinants of abstractness and concreteness and their persuasive effects
Authors: Hustinx Lettica , Spooren Wilbert 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The writing guideline to avoid abstractness and to use concrete language instead has a long and well-deserved reputation. Nevertheless, it is not clear what constitutes concrete language. In this chapter we report two studies. The first investigates the determinants of concreteness and abstractness using a rating task. The results show that for all word classes sensory perceptibility is an important component and that the determinants specificity and drawability/filmability vary with word class. In the second study, we used the insights from study 1 to manipulate a text from the National Budgeting Institute (Nibud) that addresses adolescents from different educational levels. The results only show effects of educational level on comprehension and persuasive power; no effects of concreteness were found. The studies raise issues about the validity of the writing guideline to be concrete.
Cognitive and linguistic aspects of composition in German particle verbs
Authors: Springorum Sylvia , Kamp Hans , Schulte im Walde Sabine 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Most German particle verbs (PVs) are composed of a prepositional particle (P) and a base verb (BV). For instance, anstrahlen is formed from the P an and the BV strahlen. The meaning of a PV results from often systematic interactions between the P and BV meanings. But many Ps and BVs are ambiguous and, moreover, a single P meaning and a single BV meaning can be combined in several ways. Finally, the interactions between P and BV meanings depend on the context.
This chapter presents a case study of how two particles, auf and ab, interact with certain BVs and contextual factors, while focusing on the difference between abstract and concrete BV/PV concepts, and between abstract and concrete contexts.
Place identity construction in Greek neomigrants’ social media discourse
Authors: Georgalou Mariza 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe phenomenon of brain drain migration from Greece, also known as Greek neomigration, has acquired an astoundingly massive character due to the ongoing economic crisis in the country. Considering that a migrant’s identity is defined by a physical move from one place to another, this paper aims at exploring the discourse practices of place-making by Greek neomigrants, focusing on the role of social media in this endeavour. Drawing on discourse analysis (Myers 2010;Aguirre and Graham Davies 2015), identity construction theories (Blommaert 2005;Benwell and Stokoe 2006), environmental psychology (Proshansky, Fabian and Kaminoff 1983) and discourse-centred online ethnography (Androutsopoulos 2008), this study presents and discusses empirical data from a Greek neomigrant settled in the UK, who writes about his migration experience on his blog as well as on his Twitter and Facebook accounts. The analysis demonstrates that the Greek neomigrant place identity construction can be realized through a complex of linguistic and discourse strategies, including comparison and evaluation, construction of in-groups and out-groups, language and script alternations, entextualisation of other voices, and visual connotations. It is shown that, for migrants, social media constitute significant outlets for place-making, constructing place identity and asserting (or eschewing) belonging. In so doing, it also brings to the surface crucial social, cultural and psychological aspects of the current Greek neomigration phenomenon and confirms the potential of social media discourses to heighten awareness of neomigrants’ dis/integrating processes, placing discourse analysis at the service of global mobility phenomena.
How much English do children know before they are exposed to instruction?
Authors: Håkansson Gisela 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This study investigates how much English Swedish-speaking children are able to extract from media prior to the instruction of English that takes place in school. The participants are 41 Swedish-speaking, 7 to 8-year-old children in grades 1 and 2. Their receptive knowledge of English grammar and vocabulary is tested using two picture-pointing tasks. For grammar, the ELIAS Grammar test is used (Kersten et al. 2010). Three morphological structures (plural -s, possessive -s and 3rd person singular -s) are targeted and analysed through the lens of Processability Theory (PT; Pienemann 1998, 2015). For vocabulary, the BVPS is used (Dunn et al. 1997). The results on grammar confirm the processability hierarchy predicted in PT, with a few exceptions. The remarks from the children reveal that they are able to discuss the linguistic forms and also give declarative rules. No signs of transfer from the L1 are found in the comprehension of morphology. However, the results on vocabulary indicate that the children use transfer. They rely on cognates and also on L1 phonology when trying to guess the meaning of the L2 words.
Morpho-syntactic development in the input
Authors: Mattsson Anna Flyman 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This article reports on a study of textbooks used in “Education in Swedish for Immigrants”, in which morpho-syntactic progression is examined in terms of frequency of occurrence in the textual input and is related to learners’ development as defined by Processability Theory (Pienemann 1998). The study is one of two parts of a research project that aims to relate second language instruction through textbooks to research on morpho-syntactic development. The first part was concerned with order of introduction in the learning objectives (Flyman Mattsson 2016), and the second part will be presented in this article. The present study confirms that there is a lack of consensus in the definition of morpho-syntactic progression. If the texts do not represent the learners’ level of development, this may slow down or inhibit progress.
Interlingual versus intralingual tendencies in second language acquisition
Authors: Mano Miho , Yoshinari Yuko , Eguchi Kiyoko 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This is a cross-linguistic experimental study on motion event descriptions. Based on Talmy’s (1991) typology of motion event descriptions, we focus on three different languages, English, Hungarian and Japanese, and examine how second language (L2) learners describe motion events. Comparing the three target L2 adult learner groups with the three native language groups, this study experimentally demonstrates the influence of the L1 patterns on L2 acquisition and the common properties observed in the three learners’ languages, focusing on both spontaneous and causative motion events. The results also clarify that the L2 learners have their own characteristics as learners, regardless of the typological pattern of their L1, indicating the necessity for further study which not only examines L1 influence but also learner strategies.
From global to glocal. Sustainable Community Movement Organisations (SCMOs) in times of crisis
Authors: Forno Francesca , Graziano Paolo 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
The paper is aimed at understanding how collective action has been organised, sustained and transformed in the wake of the 2008 economic crisis by looking at three different Italian cases of Sustainable Community Movement Organisations (SCMOs): the Gruppi di Acquisto Solidale (solidarity-based consumer groups or solidarity purchasing groups – SPGs), Addiopizzo (a relatively new anti-racket organisation which literally means ‘goodbye to protection money’ or ‘pizzo’ solicited by organised crime) and Rimaflow (an Italian factory ‘recovered’ by its workers in 2013). More specifically, the paper aims to discuss whether, how and why Sustainable Community Movement Organisations have grown even in times of crisis. Data for the analysis come from semi-directive interviews with key actors from the three SCMOs, surveys among activists and participant observation. Our findings suggest that pre-existing crises (social and political) have provided a context for new networks of solidarity-based economy to emerge – such as in case of SPGs and Addiopizzo – but the economic crisis has either provided a way to consolidate such experiences (as in the two cases mentioned above) or it has provided an opportunity for new actions to emerge and rapidly consolidate – such as in the case of Rimaflow.
Linguistic and Civic Refinement in the N’ko Movement of Manding-Speaking West Africa
Authors: Donaldson Coleman 
Published: May 2019

Abstract“Register” has become an essential tool in analyzing languages as sociocultural artifacts. Used in tandem with the concept of language ideology, scholars have elucidated the central role of linguistic work in defining African language and dialect boundaries as we know them today. The role of such ideas in current activist efforts to remake languages and society, however, remains obscure. Here, I focus on the N’ko movement of West Africa, which promotes a non-Latin-, non-Arabic script invented in 1949 for mother-tongue education. Today, through a language register known as kángbɛ ‘clear language’, N’ko activists are altering conceptions of Manding varieties as distinct entities into a single language spoken by tens of millions across West Africa. Such a shift is in part made possible by the compelling sociohistorical linguistic analysis laid out pedagogically in N’ko grammar books and classrooms. Equally important, however, is kángbɛ as a means to discursively cultivate oneself into a new kind of citizen; one that is savvy, hard-working, and just—the opposite of West African elites, who are seen as failing their people. Register is therefore not just an analytic tool but also a resource for cultivating empowering language ideologies to forge new educational opportunities and societal possibilities.