bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microstructure, hardness and corrosion behaviour of friction-stir processed AA5083
Authors: Ramalingam Vaira Vignesh , Ramasamy Padmanaban , Datta Madhav 
Published: August 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to refine the microstructure and improve the corrosion behaviour of aluminium alloy AA5083 by subjecting it to friction stir processing (FSP).Design/methodology/approachFSP trials are conducted as per central composite design, by varying tool rotation speed, tool traverse speed and shoulder diameter at three levels. The microstructure is examined and the hardness is measured for both the base material and the processed workpieces. The corrosion behaviour of the base material and processed workpieces is studied using potentiodynamic polarization technique for three different testing temperatures, and the corrosion current and corrosion rate are calculated.FindingsThe results reveal that FSP refined the grains, dispersed secondary phases, increased the hardness and improved the corrosion resistance of most of the friction stir processed specimens than the base material at all the three testing temperatures. Grain refinement and fine dispersion of ß phase improves the hardness and corrosion resistance of most of the FSPed specimens. However partial dissolution of ß phase decreases the hardness in some of the specimens. Most of the FSPed specimens displayed more positive potential than the base material at all the testing temperatures representing a higher nobility than the base material, as a result of fine dispersion of secondary phase particles in the matrix. Large pits formed on the surface of the base specimen indicating a higher corrosion rate at all three testing temperatures. The SEM image of FSPed specimens reveals the occurrence of very few pits and minimal corrosion products on the surface, which indicates lower corrosion rate.Originality/valueThe corrosion mechanism of the friction stir-processed AA5083 specimens is found to be a combination of activation and concentration polarization.
Spatial synchrony of population dynamics: Empirical testing of mechanisms
Authors: Zytynska Sharon E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn Focus:Vindstad, O. P. L., Jepsen, J. U., Yoccoz, N. G., Bjørnstad, O. N., Mesquita, M. d. S., & Ims, R. A. (2019). Spatial synchrony in sub‐arctic geometrid moth outbreaks reflects dispersal in larval and adult life cycle stages.Journal of Animal Ecology, 88, 1134–1145.https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12959. Spatial synchrony of population dynamics is a common phenomenon, but the understanding of underlying mechanisms is supported more by theoretical than empirical studies. Vindstad et al. (2019) use a 19‐year dataset on two moth species to disentangle the effects of different drivers of dispersal on the synchrony of populations. They show that geographic distance, species dispersal capabilities, a dispersal barrier and the prevailing wind direction are all factors that influence spatial synchrony. With current climate change and ongoing habitat fragmentation, understanding how dispersal influences spatial synchrony of population fluctuations, and the effect on population viability, is essential to predict future impacts on our ecosystems.
Chronic consumption of a high‐fat diet rich in corn oil activates intrinsic cell death pathway and induces several ultrastructural changes in the atria of healthy and type 1 diabetic rat
Authors: Eid Refaat A. , Eleawa Samy M. , Alkhateeb Mahmoud A. , Aldera Hussain , Zaki Mohamed Samir Ahmed , Al‐Shraim Mubarak , Saeed Mansour A. , El‐kott Attalla Farag , Alaa Eldeen Muhammad , Alassiri Mohammed , Alshehri Majed M. , Salem Al‐Shudiefat Abd Al‐Rahman , Khalil Mohammad A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of chronic consumption of a high‐fat diet rich in corn oil (CO‐HFD) on atrial cells ultrastructure, antioxidant levels and markers of intrinsic cell death of both control and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)‐induced rats. Adult male rats (10 rats/group) were divided into four groups: control fed standard diet (STD) (3.82 kcal/g, 9.4% fat), CO‐HFD (5.4 kcal/g, 40% fat), T1DM fed STD, and T1DM + CO‐HFD. CO‐HFD and T1DM alone or in combination impaired systolic and diastolic functions of rats and significantly reduced levels of GSH and the activity of SOD, enhanced lipid peroxidation, increased protein levels of P53, Bax, cleaved caspase‐3, and ANF and decreased levels of Bcl‐2 in their atria. Concomitantly, atrial cells exhibited fragmentation of the myofibrils, disorganized mitochondria, decreased number of atrionatriuretic factor (ANF) granules, and loss of gap junctions accompanied by changes in capillary walls. Among all treatments, the severity of all these findings was more severe in T1DM and most profound in the atria of T1DM + CO‐HFD. In conclusion, chronic consumption of CO‐HFD by T1DM‐induced rats elicits significant biochemical and ultrastructural damage to rat atrial cells accompanied by elevated oxidative stress and mitochondria‐mediated cell death.
Perspectives of residential aged care facilities' staff on the identification and recording of residents' medication‐related goals of care
Authors: Sawan Mouna , Kouladjian O’Donnell Lisa , Hilmer Sarah N. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study primarily aims to explore residential aged care facility (RACF) staff views on the utility of a computerised clinical decision support system (CCDSS) that incorporates validated goal‐directed deprescribing tools and guides to identify residents' goals for medications.MethodsA qualitative study was conducted in four RACFs. Semi‐structured interviews or focus groups were conducted with 19 participants, representing various types of clinical and care staff.ResultsAccording to staff, the use of a CCDSS was useful as it facilitated resident (including people with dementia), and caregiver engagement to obtain comprehensive information about the residents' goals and medication concerns. Staff perceptions of the increased workload and that some residents and caregivers would have limited involvement in discussions were barriers to the adoption of a CCDSS.ConclusionIntegration of a CCDSS into practice, accompanied with staff training and education, has the potential to improve goal‐directed pharmaceutical care.
Effect of CXCL12/CXCR4 on migration of decidua‐derived mesenchymal stem cells from pregnancies with preeclampsia
Authors: Lei Guo‐Qin , Wu Zhi‐Yu , Jiang Wen‐Bin , Luo Jie , Xu Huan , Luo Shi‐Fu , Peng Zhu‐Yun , Wang Wan , Chen Ming , Yu Li‐Li 
Published: August 2019

AbstractProblemSystemic immuno‐inflammatory response caused by maternal immune imbalance is central to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE). We hypothesized that changes in the number of decidual mesenchymal stem cells (dMSCs) may be associated with maternal immune imbalance. We aimed to evaluate the expression of CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in patients with PE and its influence on the migration behavior of dMSCs, to further clarify the pathogenesis of PE.Method of studyFourteen women with PE and 11 controls were included. DMSCs were extracted from decidual tissue by type II collagenase digestion and adherence. ELISA and immunohistochemistry analysis were used to measure serum and tissue levels of CXCL12. Q‐PCR and Western blotting were used to detect CXCR4 expression on dMSCs, whereas transwell assay was used to measure the migration ability of dMSCs.ResultsDecidual mesenchymal stem cells from women with PE showed higher expressions of CXCR4 and HIF‐1α than the dMSCs of controls did. Tissues from women with PE showed the highest CXCL12 levels in the decidua, followed by the placenta and umbilical cord, whereas tissues from controls showed the highest CXCL2 levels in the umbilical cord, followed by the placenta and decidua. dMSCs from women with PE showed possibly higher migration ability than that of dMSCs from controls, under the induction of CXCL12, whereas dMSCs showed a decreasing trend in hypoxic than in normoxic environment.ConclusionDecidual mesenchymal stem cells from women with PE can migrate to the decidua layer with the concentration gradient of CXCL12, which may play a role in the occurrence and development of PE.
Data‐adaptive longitudinal model selection in causal inference with collaborative targeted minimum loss‐based estimation
Authors: Schnitzer Mireille E. , Sango Joel , Ferreira Guerra Steve , van der Laan Mark J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCausal inference methods have been developed for longitudinal observational study designs where confounding is thought to occur over time. In particular, one may estimate and contrast the population mean counterfactual outcome under specific exposure patterns. In such contexts, confounders of the longitudinal treatment‐outcome association are generally identified using domain‐specific knowledge. However, this may leave an analyst with a large set of potential confounders that may hinder estimation. Previous approaches to data‐adaptive model selection for this type of causal parameter were limited to the single time‐point setting. We develop a longitudinal extension of a collaborative targeted minimum loss‐based estimation (C‐TMLE) algorithm that can be applied to perform variable selection in the models for the probability of treatment with the goal of improving the estimation of the population mean counterfactual outcome under a fixed exposure pattern. We investigate the properties of this method through a simulation study, comparing it to G‐Computation and inverse probability of treatment weighting. We then apply the method in a real‐data example to evaluate the safety of trimester‐specific exposure to inhaled corticosteroids during pregnancy in women with mild asthma. The data for this study were obtained from the linkage of electronic health databases in the province of Quebec, Canada. The C‐TMLE covariate selection approach allowed for a reduction of the set of potential confounders, which included baseline and longitudinal variables.
MAGEL2‐related disorders: A study and case series
Authors: Patak Jameson , Gilfert James , Byler Melissa , Neerukonda Vamsee , Thiffault Isabelle , Cross Laura , Amudhavalli Shivarajan , Pacio‐Miguez Marta , Palomares‐Bralo Maria , Garcia‐Minaur Sixto , Santos‐Simarro Fernando , Powis Zoe , Alcaraz Wendy , Tang Sha , Jurgens Julie , Barry Brenda , England Eleina , Engle Elizabeth , Hess Jonathon , Lebel Robert R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPathogenic MAGEL2 variants result in the phenotypes of Chitayat‐Hall syndrome (CHS), Schaaf‐Yang syndrome (SYS) and Prader‐Willi syndrome (PWS). We present five patients with mutations in MAGEL2, including the first patient reported with a missense variant, adding to the limited literature. Further, we performed a systematic review of the CHS and SYS literature, assess the overlap between CHS, SYS and PWS, and analyze genotype‐phenotype correlations among them. We conclude that there is neither a clinical nor etiological difference between CHS and SYS, and propose that the two syndromes simply be referred to as MAGEL2‐related disorders.
Potential of automatic diagnosis system with linked color imaging for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Yasuda Takeshi , Hiroyasu Tomoyuki , Hiwa Satoru , Okada Yuto , Hayashi Sadanari , Nakahata Yuki , Yasuda Yuriko , Omatsu Tatsushi , Obora Akihiro , Kojima Takao , Ichikawa Hiroshi , Yagi Nobuaki 
Published: August 2019

Background and AimIt is necessary to establish universal methods for endoscopic diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection, such as computer‐aided diagnosis. In the present study, we propose a multistage diagnosis algorithm for HP infection.MethodsThe aims of this study are to: (i) to construct an interpretable automatic diagnostic system using a support vector machine for HP infection; and (ii) to compare the diagnosis capability of our artificial intelligence (AI) system with that of endoscopists. Presence of an HP infection determined through linked color imaging (LCI) was learned through machine learning. Trained classifiers automatically diagnosed HP‐positive and ‐negative patients examined using LCI. We retrospectively analyzed the new images from 105 consecutive patients; 42 were HP positive, 46 were post‐eradication, and 17 were uninfected. Five endoscopic images per case taken from different areas were read into the AI system, and used in the HP diagnosis.ResultsAccuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the diagnosis of HP infection using the AI system were 87.6%, 90.4%, 85.7%, 80.9%, and 93.1%, respectively. Accuracy of the AI system was higher than that of an inexperienced doctor, but there was no significant difference between the diagnosis of experienced physicians and the AI system.ConclusionsThe AI system can diagnose an HP infection with significant accuracy. There remains room for improvement, particularly for the diagnosis of post‐eradication patients. By learning more images and considering a diagnosis algorithm for post‐eradication patients, our new AI system will provide diagnostic support, particularly to inexperienced physicians.
Stronger dung removal in forests compared with grassland is driven by trait composition and biomass of dung beetles
Authors: Buse Jörn , Entling Martin H. 
Published: August 2019

1. Ecosystem processes depend on the biomass of the involved organisms, but their functional diversity may play an additional role. In particular, the exclusion of key functional groups through habitat disturbance may lead to the breakdown of ecosystem functions. Dung removal is an important process contributing to nutrient cycling and thus productivity in grazed ecosystems.2. This study investigated the role of different functional groups of dung beetles in dung removal in different habitats within a wood‐pasture in two different seasons. An experimental setting with 12 blocks and 108 dung pads was used to investigate short‐term dung removal over 1 week of exposure.3. Dung removal was most strongly affected by habitat type, with almost 40% lower levels in grassland than in adjacent forest and forest gaps. Of all assemblage characteristics, total biomass of tunneller species was the strongest predictor of dung removal, whereas functional diversity showed no significant effect. In accordance with the dung removal pattern at habitat type level, densities of large tunnellers were suppressed in grassland compared with forest.4. It is concluded that dung removal is habitat‐specific and large tunnellers play a disproportionate role in this important ecosystem function in temperate forests.
Ecological memory of daily carbon exchange across the globe and its importance in drylands
Authors: Liu Yao , Schwalm Christopher R. , Samuels‐Crow Kimberly E. , Ogle Kiona 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHow do antecedent (past) conditions influence land‐carbon dynamics after those conditions no longer persist? In particular, quantifying such memory effects associated with the influence of past environmental (exogenous) and biological (endogenous) conditions is crucial for understanding and predicting the carbon cycle. Here we show, using data from 42 eddy covariance sites across six major biomes, that ecological memory—decomposed into environmental and biological memory components—of daily net carbon exchange (NEE) is critical for understanding the land‐carbon metabolism, especially in drylands for which memory explains ~ 32% of the variation in NEE. The strong environmental memory in drylands was primarily driven by short‐ and long‐term moisture status. Moreover, the strength of environmental memory scales with increasing water stress. This universal scaling relationship, emerging within and among major biomes, suggests a potential adaptive response to water limitation. Our findings underscore the necessity of considering ecological memory in experiments, observations and modelling.
“I Don't Want to Make the Same Mistakes”: Relationship Education Among Low‐Income Single Adults
Authors: Bradford Kay , Spuhler Bryan , Higginbotham Brian J. , Laxman Daniel , Morgan Courtney Nielsen 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo examine, through the lens of symbolic interactionism, the experiences and initial outcomes of low‐income single adults who received relationship education.BackgroundAs relationship education reaches more low‐income participants, research is needed to examine how it reaches such audiences and how it works. We used mixed‐methods to examine processes and learning outcomes among these participants.MethodFocus‐group interview data (n = 10) and short‐response qualitative data (n = 188) were analyzed phenomenologically. Quantitative data (n = 165) were collected to examine changes in participants' perceived knowledge about healthy relationships using a random‐intercept, multilevel regression model.ResultsThe two qualitative analyses yielded four themes, three of which overlapped: participant motivation based on past relationship mistakes, reported and anticipated change, and self‐assessment. The quantitative analyses showed a statistically significant increase in perceived knowledge about relationship skills and healthy partner selection. Participants also placed greater importance on a potential partner's past relationship patterns, relationship behaviors, and attitudes.ConclusionPast relationship experiences motivated participants' learning and moved them toward change. Participants increased their relationship knowledge in terms of selection and pacing.ImplicationsRelationship education can be offered as an impactful adjunct service to low‐income participants.
The Impact of Direct Cash Payments on Whole Blood Supply
Authors: Becker David M. , Klüter Harald , Niessen-Ruenzi Alexandra , Weber Martin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This paper investigates the impact of monetary incentives on whole blood donations. We take advantage of a quasi-natural experiment in Germany, in which one blood donation site changes its payment scheme from remunerated to non-remunerated. All other donation sites maintain their payment schemes. We show that donation volumes drop significantly after the pay drop and do not recuperate. At the same time, donation volumes increase at other paid donation sites, which is partly due to donor migration to these sites. We do not find any impact of the changed payment scheme on blood quality. Our results offer additional insight into the complex question whether it is efficient to ensure blood supply by paying donors a direct monetary compensation.
Utility of a blood volume monitor in the management of anemia in dialysis by computing the total hemoglobin mass
Authors: Alayoud Ahmed , Belarabi Marouane , Labrini Faycal , Badaoui Mohammed , Zajjari Yassir , Maoujoud Omar , Arrayhani Mohammed , El Fillali Karim 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe degree of interdialytic weight gain and ultrafiltration may influence anemia results in dialysis. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the utility of a blood volume monitor (BVM) in the management of renal anemia and its ability to avoid the variability of hematocrit (Hct) and hemoglobin values (Hb) depending on plasma volume through a simple method of monitoring the total hemoglobin mass (MtHb).MethodsPredialysis blood samples for measurement were drawn at both the midweek treatment and the beginning‐of‐the‐dialysis‐week treatment in 30 patients. The MtHb was calculated as MtHb = Vb × Hb, where Vb is the absolute blood volume determined by online dialysate dilution using an online hemodiafiltration machine incorporating a relative BVM.FindingsThe MtHb and the total red cell volume (VRBC) as measured with the bolus method at the starting of the treatment were 540 ± 148 grams and 1544 ± 339 mL, respectively. There were significant differences between the Hb levels and between the hematocrit levels according to the time of dialysis. However, the MtHb remained constant. There was also an excellent correlation between the Hb measurements by the BVM and the blood sampling method (R = 0.89, P value <0.001).ConclusionOur study suggests that BVM could be very useful in the management of anemia in dialysis by computing the total Hb mass in clinical practice and may support better and more appropriate assessments of the factors influencing circulating Hb.
Coining it? Carolingian rulers and the Frankish coinage, ca. 750–900
Authors: Screen Elina 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe story of the Frankish coinage is generally told from the Carolingian rulers' perspective as the rise and fall of royal control over minting. Increased coin finds have added nuance to this story by giving us new understanding of coin circulation and coin use. Recent studies confirm just how effectively Charlemagne and Louis the Pious controlled the Frankish coinage, which provided them with both political and economic benefits. Between 792/793 and 840, trade accelerated, and the Carolingian empire became increasingly monetised—though the use and availability of coins varied between regions. Tight royal control loosened after 840, when royal coinages became far more variable in quality. Around 880, the royal monopoly on striking coins was broken. From the perspective of traders and other coin users, having access to an acceptable means of exchange was more important than the availability of specifically royal coins. Trade could and did thrive in the world of regional coin circulation before 750 and after 840. Charlemagne and Louis the Pious's close royal control of the coinage, and the empire‐wide circulation of coins in 792/793–840, stand out as exceptional when set against the early medieval norm of regional coin production and circulation in Francia. The article is accompanied by an appendix introducing key resources for Carolingian numismatics.
TIMP3 gene polymorphisms and relation to Ankylosing spondylitis susceptibility in Chinese Han population
Authors: Wu Jiamin , Xiong Zichao , Sun Yao , Song Jiangjiang , Niu Fanglin , Yan Mengdan , Jin Tianbo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundAnkylosing spondylitis (AS) is a type of chronic progressive inflammatory disease, which often causes significant damage to the patients on the physical function, labour ability and quality of life. The study found that the enzyme system tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) was important for the development of AS. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of polymorphisms of TIMP3 gene with AS in Chinese Han population.MethodsTo evaluate the correlation of TIMP3 polymorphisms with AS risk, Agena MassARRAY was used to determine the genotypes of 268 AS patients and 654 controls. The correlation between TIMP3 variants and AS risk was examined by unconditional logistic regression analysis. Haplotype construction and analysis in TIMP3 were also applied to detect the potential association.ResultsWe identified that rs11547635 in the TIMP3 gene (odds ratio[OR] = 0.79, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.63–0.98, p = .029) was significantly associated with a decreased risk of AS in the alleles model. Rs715572 AG genotype (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.05–2.34, p = .041) was potentially associated with an increased risk of AS, and also rs715572 in the dominant model (OR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.10–2.36, p = .013) and log‐additive model (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.07–1.86, p = .016) adjusted by age and gender were significantly correlated with an increased AS risk.ConclusionThese findings suggested that polymorphisms of the TIMP3 gene may be associated with susceptibility to AS.