bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is a Single Preliminary Session of In-office Bleaching Beneficial for the Effectiveness of At-home Tooth Bleaching? A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Vaez SC , Correia ACC , Santana TR , Santana MLC , Peixoto AC , Leal PC , Faria-e-Silva AL 
Published: March 2019

Summary

Objectives:
To evaluate the effect of combining in-office with at-home bleaching procedures in terms of the time required to obtain satisfactory tooth color, final color changes, and tooth sensitivity (TS) reported by patients.

Methods and Materials:
Twenty-six patients enrolled in this study used 10% carbamide peroxide in a bleaching tray for 1 h/d until satisfactory tooth color was obtained. One-half of the participants underwent a preliminary session of in-office tooth bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide for 45 minutes. The time in days for the patients to obtain satisfactory tooth color by at-home bleaching procedures was recorded. The color change of the maxillary canines was assessed using the Vita Bleachedguide 3D Master scale and a spectrophotometer at 1 week and after the end of bleaching procedures. Participants' satisfaction with their smile was recorded using a visual analog scale, and TS was determined throughout the entire treatment. Data were analyzed by t-test, Mann-Whitney test, or Fisher exact test (α=0.05).

Results:
The combined protocol reduced (by an average of 3.7 days) the time required to obtain satisfactory tooth color but increased the risk and level of TS. No difference in the final tooth color change (around 5.0 shade guide units; ΔE=11.6–14.9), or the level of patients' satisfaction with their smile, was observed.

Conclusions:
A preliminary session of in-office bleaching reduced the time necessary to obtain satisfactory tooth color with at-home bleaching but increased the risk and level of TS.
The Involvement In Tunas Niaga Activities And The Entrepreneurial Attitude Among Secondary Schools
Authors: Kwee Leng Yap , Buang Nor Aishah 
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this study is to identify the involvement in Tunas Niaga activities and the entrepreneurial attitude among secondary school. The involvement of entrepreneurial activity among students is an important component of forming entrepreneurial attitudes. However, entrepreneurial activity is less favored by high school students. Most high school students perceive entrepreneurship, tediousness and do not guarantee future lives during economic problems.Lacking the problem, a study was conducted to examine the level of involvement of entrepreneurial activity and entrepreneurial behavior. The study uses survey method with questionnaire as the first instrument. The instruments is adapted from Khalina Khalid (1991) to construct the basic information of entrepreneurship activities as well as the construct of entrepreneurial attitude adapted from Ravi and Aishah Buang's instrument (2015) psychometric index of entrepreneurship.The sample of the study consists of 30 secondary school students taken randomly involving entrepreneurship activities such as Tunas Niaga.The results of the analysis of entrepreneurial entrepreneurship activity confirmed two constructs involving entrepreneurial activity with Cronbach Alpha's reliability and reliability value of .714. The dimensions of entrepreneurship showed that Cronbach Alpha .900. The min test results show the level of involvement of moderate entrepreneurship activities. Entrepreneurship attitude among respondents shows positive towards entrepreneurship activity.
Fostering Germane Load Through Self-Explanation Prompting In Calculus Instruction
Authors: Santosa Cecep Anwar Hadi Firdos , Prabawanto Sufyani , Marethi Indiana 
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of self-explanation prompting to students’ germane load while studying mathematics in the multivariable calculus course. This research employed a quasi-experimental method with matching-only posttest-only control group design. The subject of the research consists of 72 first-year mathematics education undergraduate students. The results indicated that there was no significant difference in students’ germane load between students who implemented worked-example with self-explanation prompting and students who implemented worked-example without self-explanation prompting. However, it was revealed that the students' germane load was categorized high in both classes. It indicates that the worked-example method could foster students' germane load. Nonetheless, these results cannot be evidence that self-explanation prompting is capable to foster students' germane load. However, there is an association between germane load and learning objectives. When students achieve the learning objectives, then its learning method is able to foster the germane load. To assess the learning objectives, the posttest was arranged. The results stated that students who implemented the worked-example method with self-explanation prompting had better test scores than students who implemented the worked-example method without self-explanation prompting. This result was sufficient to provide evidence that the use of worked-example with self-explanation prompting could foster students’ germane load students in the multivariable calculus course.
Contribuciones desde la experiencia musical al debate sobre la naturaleza de la mente
Authors: Shifres Favio , Valicente Mauro Hernán , Sicilia Nicolás 
Published: March 2019

Se presentan aportes al debate sobre la naturaleza abstracta o corporeizada de la mente. En particular se presenta el problema desde el punto de vista epistemológico, en torno a la determinación de la unidad de cómputo. Se muestra cómo la ciencia cognitiva clásica de la música exhibe un sesgo etnocéntrico en la selección de tal unidad al partir de la experiencia del sujeto eurocentrado. A tal fin se discuten aspectos de la relevancia de la unidad seleccionada en cuanto a su escala y perspectiva. Mediante ejemplos del campo de la psicología de la perfomance musical se argumenta que los enfoques corporeizados tienen más chances de evitar esos sesgos pues resuelven mejor el problema de la situacionalidad de los procesos cognitivos. Se concluye que la atención a la situacionalidad de los procesos cognitivos favorece la pluralidad epistémica en psicología de la música y por ende constituye un resguardo de justicia cognitiva.
Improving the Partnership between the Participants in the Vertical Chain of the Construction Market
Authors: Marichova Aneta 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
On the construction market the participants tend to work in the short term and are limited rational using the accumulated knowledge and experience in their practice. In addition, it is characterized by a low level of inter-company connections, i.e. the same team seldom works together more than one project, resulting in a fragmentation of responsibility. The complex relationships between the firms involved in the vertical chain of value creation in construction objectively impose the need for their improvement and more efficient management. The aim of the study is the analysis the possibilities of creating a relatively stable relationship and a joint approach of clients, contractors and subcontractors by deepening the specialization and differentiation of each intermediate product, improving the quality of the final product, optimizing the costs, creating a higher additional value at each stage of the chain and ensuring economic, social and environmental performance of construction.
Studies Related to the Biological Treatment of Wastewater within the Wastewater Treatment Plant of Iași City
Authors: Prăjanu Costel-Cătălin , Toma Daniel , Vîrlan Cristina-Mihaela , Marcoie Nicolae 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This paper includes an analysis of the biological treatment process existing within the water supply and sewerage of Iași City. The main objective of biological treatment is the removal of solid organic substances from wastewater, the stabilization of sludge, the reduction of nutrients loads etc. The Iași City Wastewater Treatment Plant was developed in several stages since year 1968. Nowadays, the facility operates at a design flow rate of 4 m3/s during dry weather and 8 m3/s during heavy rainfalls. This study is focused on the following aspects: wastewater treatment plant’s diagram, the wastewater parameters inside the treatment plant, the biological treatment process analysis and a few conclusions.
Morphological Variation in Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Growing in North Sumatra Indonesia
Authors: Malau Sabam , Pandiangan And Samse 
Published: March 2019

Genetic variation is important in plant breeding. However, information on the genetic variability of Arabica coffee especially in coffee field of North Sumatra was not yet available. Magnitude of morphological variation, genotypic variation, phenotypic variation, heritability, genetic advance, genetic correlation, and phenotypic correlation of plant vigors and yield components of 28 genotypes were evaluated using nested design. This research showed morphological and genetic variations of the genotypes in the field. Based on the research locations as operational taxonomic unit, the genotypes were separated into three clusters. Most of the parameters had low to moderate genotypic variation, while phenotypic variation was moderate to high. Heritability and genetic advance were low, moderate, and high. Several plant vigors and yield components had a positive significant genetic and phenotypic correlation one another, and several had negative ones. Coffee berry borer infestation (CBBI) had a highly significant negative genetic correlation with leaf width (rG = -0.309**), leaf weight (rG = -0.671**), fruit diameter (rG = -0.320**), and bean length (rG = -0.175**). CBBI showed a significant positive genetic correlation with mesocarp pH (rG = 0.134*). To reduce CBBI, selection for higher leaf weight is better. Selection on lower pH of mesocarp could be considered to decrease CBBI.Keywords: cluster analysis, genetic correlation, genetic heritability, variability
Comparative Study of Extra Capsular Cataract Extraction (ECCE) and Small Incision Cataract Surgery (SICS): Experience on Cataract Surgery in a Tertiary Center of Army Hospital, Kathmandu
Authors: Rajkarnikar Sagar , Shrestha Dhan Bahadur , Dhakal Sachit , Shrestha Ram , Thapa Kamala , Gurung Anu 
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Cataract is a common ailment of the old age hindering daily activities leading to poor quality of life due to poor vision. It is the commonest cause of treatable blindness. In practice, extracapsular cataract excision and small incision cataract surgery are the two-common surgery for cataract these days in developing part like in Nepal. Between these two cataract surgeries, ECCE and SICS; SICS gives the better visual outcome.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study was carried out including 286 eyes which were operated either by conventional extracapsular cataract extraction or small-incision cataract surgery. The patient’s demographics, preoperative vision, postoperative parameters/variables were studied from the patient’s record keeping. The postoperative visual outcome and complications were compared in both groups at the immediate post-operative period and at 8 weeks follow up period.
Result: Among the total 286 cases, 138 underwent ECCE and 148 underwent SICS. 145 (50.6%) were right eye, 141 (49.3%) were left eye. Among total operated cases, 123 (43%) were mature cataract, 97 (33.9%) immature cataract, 66 (23.1%) hyper-mature cataract. In 172 cases (60.1%) there was a good vision, in 104 cases (36.4%) it was borderline while in rest 10 (3.5%) cases it was poor on the 60th postoperative day. There was the better visual outcome (≥6/18) with SICS (78.3%) than ECCE (40.5%) (p<0.001) on the 60th post-operative day. Among cases undergoing SICS the complications were less than ECCE. (p<0.001, OR=5.72 (2.10-15.51)).
Conclusion: This study supports that SICS is safer than ECCE with less complication rate and better visual outcome in short term observation.
Association of Cognitive Function with Amyloid-β and Tau Proteins in the Vitreous Humor
Authors: Wright Lauren M. , Stein Thor D. , Jun Gyungah , Chung Jaeyoon , McConnell Kate , Fiorello Marissa , Siegel Nicole , Ness Steven , Xia Weiming , Turner Kelley L. , Subramanian Manju L. 
Published: March 2019

Background: The eye may serve as source for diagnostic testing for early detection of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Examination of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau protein content in human vitreous and its correlation to neuro-cognition may improve ocular-based AD detection methods. Objective: To evaluate levels of Aβ and tau protein in human vitreous humor and investigate the clinical predictive role of these proteins as early diagnostic markers of AD. Methods: A prospective, single-center, multi-surgeon cohort study. Vitreous humor samples from 80 eyes were measured quantitatively for Aβ40-42, pTau, and tTau. Linear regression was used to test associations between AD biomarker levels, Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE), and serum apolipoprotein E (APOE) allele status, with adjustment for age, sex, and education level of patients. Results: Lower MMSE scores were significantly associated with lower levels of vitreous Aβ40 ( p = 0.015), Aβ42 ( p = 0.0066), and tTau ( p = 0.0085), and these biomarkers were not associated with any pre-existing eye conditions. Presence of the ɛ4 allele and the ɛ2 allele approached significance with reduced Aβ40 level ( p = 0.053) and increased p-Tau level ( p = 0.056), respectively. Conclusion: Patients with poor cognitive function have significantly lower vitreous humor levels of AD-related biomarkers Aβ40, Aβ42, and tTau. These biomarkers do not correlate with underlying eye conditions, suggesting their specificity in association with cognitive change. This is the first study to our knowledge to correlate cognition with AD-related proteins in the vitreous humor. Results suggest ocular proteins may have a role for early dementia detection in individuals at risk for AD.
No effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on contrast sensitivity function
Authors: He Qing , Lin Bo-Rong , Zhao Jin , Shi Ying-Zhen , Yan Fang-Fang , Huang Chang-Bing 
Published: March 2019

Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a well-established non-invasive brain stimulation technique that has been widely applied to modulate cortical excitability in human brain. The results of previous tDCS studies on modulating contrast sensitivity, one of the most fundamental visual functions, were mixed. Objective: We aim to systematically investigate the effects of anodal tDCS on contrast sensitivity functions (CSF), evaluate the responsiveness explanation of tDCS effects, and discuss results along with measurement precision. Methods: We designed a single-blinded, sham-controlled within-subject study. Twenty-seven healthy adult subjects received three sets of 15 min tDCS (two 2-mA anodal and one sham) that delivered at Oz, with CSF measured before and after each tDCS stimulation. Experimental sessions were separated by at least twenty-four hours. CSF was assessed with a Bayesian procedure that accurately estimated CSF within minutes. The anodal tDCS-induced effect was gauged with the change in CSF after stimulation; responsiveness was indexed by correlation between CSF changes in different stimulation; precision was calculated from resampling. Results: Our results indicated that neither the first nor the second session anodal tDCS altered the CSF significantly. Responsiveness was inconsistent between the two anodal sessions, indicating the usual responder/non-responder explanation of tDCS effects was unconvincing. Precision was less than 2 dB and constant throughout the whole experiment. Conclusions: The anodal tDCS, at least with two sessions, has no effect on modulating CSF. The absence of anodal tDCS effect on CSF was not due to subject’s responsiveness to tDCS or measurement precision. More studies were needed to determine the optimal vision modulation configuration.
Generalized linear model (GLM) analysis: Multivariables of microcalcification specimens obtained via X-ray guided by stereotactic wire localization biopsy
Authors: Wang Qian , Li Erni , Song Ying , Ma Peiqing , Wang Yipeng , Liu Xia , Qi Weiwei , Zhao Xinming 
Published: March 2019

OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively explore correlation of the resected specimen volume of breast microcalcification lesions and endogenous and exogenous factors of stereotactic needle localization biopsy (SNLB). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Totally 214 patients underwent SNLB for non-palpable breast lesion with microcalcification lesions. Of 211 patients, 198 patients underwent single needle localization and 13 patients underwent multi-needle localization (26 lesions). Lesion sizes, distribution characteristics, lesion localization accuracy and resected specimen volumes were recorded and analyzed using a generalized linear model (GLM). RESULTS: The average lesion diameter is 2.63±1.73 cm. The localization accuracy of 187 lesions were moderate, 26 were too deep and 11 were too superficial. The mean resected specimen volume (V) was 17.51±5.14 cm3. One-way ANOVA analysis showed that 3 factors, including lesion sizes, distribution characteristics and the localization accuracy were associated with resected specimen volume (F = 67.56–112.78, P < 0.001). GLM revealed that lesion sizes, single clustered distribution and accurate localization were significant factors for resected specimen volume (F = –4.82–11.36, P < 0.05). The ratio (%) of the resected specimen volume to the involved breast volume (V0) was defined as the degree of breast defect. The mean breast defect of 125 benign patients (V/V0) was 27.5% ranging from 10.1% to 42.3%. CONCLUSION: Average lesion diameter and localization accuracy are highly significant variables for the resected specimen volume. Localization accuracy as a subjective controllable variable is one of the important factors that determine the volume of lesion resection. Single clustered distribution was more susceptible localization accuracy than other characteristic distributions. Improving localization accuracy can reduce resected specimen volume, which can reduce breast defect to a certain extent.
Analisis Formalin Ikan Teri (Stolephorus sp) Asin Di Pasar Tradisional Kabupaten Gorntalo
Authors: Astuti Ida , Tebai Paulinus 
Published: March 2019

Salted fish is a popular food ingredient among people and much-loved as a side dish every day. Anchovies besides preserved with salt, many have using a preservative synthetic as formaldehyde. Formalin much used as a preservative for food which it is an ingredient poisonous and dangerous to human health. The research was conducted to find out if fish such as salted fish who marketed, positive or negative detected formalin. A method of purposive was used in the study sample with the methods of sampling and testing colorimetry is to look at the change of color on fish. This research result indicates that of salted fish who marketed in gorontalo regency negative detected formalin, but the level of community favorite (organoleptic) very low value .The customers to the low level of fondness of salted fish who marketed because long storage which reached 1- 2 months. Keywords : Salted Fish, Formalin and Organoleptic.
Pengaruh Penambahan Probiotik EM-4 (Evective Mikroorganism-4) Dalam Pakan Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Kelangsungan Hidup Ikan Gurame (Osprhronemus gouramy)
Authors: Noor Sri Yuningsih , Pakaya Rano 
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the addition of probiotic EM4 (Evective Microorganism-4) in feed to growth and gouramy ointment (Osprhronemus gouramy) at the Freshwater Fish Seed Development Center in Gorontalo Province. The method of this research is experimental method and data processing using completely Randomized Design with 4 treatments 3 replicates. The treatment is done with different doses which in treatment A (Without Probiotic), B ( probiotic 1 cc), C (probiotic 2 cc), D (probiotic 3 cc). The parameters observed were growth rate, Feed Conversion (KP). Feed Efficiency (EP), and Absolute Length (PM). The data were tested continued using the LSD test (Least Significance Different). The results showed that the effect of giving EM4 probiotic with different dose to the growth rate of gouramy fish (Osprhronemus gouramy) gave a very real effect, and from the four research results it was found that treatment D with 3 cc dose was the highest value, followed by C 2 treatment cc, treatment B with a dose of 1 cc and the lowest is in treatment A (Control). Keywords : Probiotic EM-4, gouramy (Osprhronemus gouramy), Growth.
Kondisi Dan Jenis Terumbu Karang Di Perairan Desa Lowoo Kecamatan Posigadan Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Selatan
Authors: Fachrussyah Zhulmaydin Chairil , Bakari Roy , Alim Dadang Siswanto , Umar Jufriyanto 
Published: March 2019

Terumbu karang adalah salah satu ekosistem yang paling kompleks dan khas di daerah tropis. Produktivitas dan keanekaragaman hayati yang tinggi merupakan ciri dari ekosistem ini. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Bulan Oktober 2018. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah Menganalisis kondisi terkini terumbu karang yang meliputi; (1) Luas Tutupan terumbu karang hidup, (2) mengidentifikasi jenis terumbu karang di Desa Lowoo Kecamatan Posigadan Kabupaten Bolaanmongondow Selatan. Pengambilan data tutupan karang menggunakan metode line intercept transect (LIT) dan pengambilan data dilakukan pada 3 Stasiun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tutupan karang hidup di 3 Stasiun pengamatan ditemukan secara berurut adalah 39,8%, 49,3% dan 86,5% yang dikategorikan masing-masing stasiun I kategori sedang, StasiunII kategori sedang dan Stasiun III Kategori Sangat Baik. Di lokasi penelitian ditemukan 11 (Sebelas) genus karang yaitu Acropora hyacinthus, Acropora millepora putih, Acropora millepora, Acropora nobilis, Acropora palifera, Diploastrea heliopora, Euphylia cristata, Favia pallida, Poycarpa aurata, Sponge, dan Tubastrea micranatha yang tersebar di stasiun I ditemukan 4 (empat) genus, Stasiun II ditemukan 6 (enam) genus, dan stasiun III ditemukan 4 (empat) genusKata Kunci: Luas Tutupan, Karang, Jenis