bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimodality fMRI with perfusion, diffusion‐weighted MRI and 1H‐MRS in the diagnosis of lympho‐associated benign and malignant lesions of the parotid gland
Authors: Zhu Ling , Wang Jingbo , Shi Huimin , Tao Xiaofeng 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundDifferential diagnosis of the mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALToma) and tumor‐like benign lymphoepithelial lesion (BLEL) in the parotid gland is difficult.PurposeTo distinguish MALToma and BLEL with multimodality MRI including hydrogenproton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐MRS), diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI‐MR), and dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE‐MR), and evaluate each sequence.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationTwenty‐five patients with parotid tumor‐like BLEL and 20 with parotid MALToma.Field Strength/Sequence1.5‐T/T1WI, T2WI, single‐voxel 1H‐MRS, DWI‐MR, and DCE‐MR.AssessmentAll MR images were interpreted and agreed upon by two radiologists who were blinded to clinical information and histopathologic results. The imaging diagnoses were then compared to the histopathologic results.Statistical TestsYouden index was used to determine the optimized threshold value. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of different functional (f)MRI methods.ResultsFisher's exact test indicated a significant difference between the 1H‐MRS images of the two lesions (P < 0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of positive choline (Cho) peak in 1H‐MRS of parotid MALToma were 80%, 76%, and 77.7%, respectively. The mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was 0.992 × 10−3mm2/s in patients with parotid tumor‐like BLEL and 0.634 × 10−3mm2/s in patients with parotid MALToma, and the difference was statistically significant (t‐test, P < 0.001). Choosing the Youden index as 0.669 × 10−3mm2/s, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the assay were 78.9%, 95.8%, and 88.4%, respectively. Assuming that time‐intensity curve (TIC) type I indicated parotid MALToma (positive), and type II and type III indicated parotid tumor‐like BLEL (negative), the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of time‐to‐peak (TTP) and initial slope of increase (ISI) in diagnosing MALToma were 94.1%, 95.2%, and 94.7%, respectively. Combining methods of TTP, ADC, and Cho peak reached the highest AUC (1.000).Data ConclusionCombined use 1H‐MRS, DWI‐MR, and DCE‐MR increased the accuracy of the differential diagnosis between these lesions to 100%. Cho peak in 1H‐MRS, ADC less than 0.669 × 10−3mm2/s, TIC type I together indicated parotid MALToma.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:423–432.
Mechanical properties of a hierarchical electrospun scaffold for ovine anterior cruciate ligament replacement
Authors: Pauly Hannah , Kelly Daniel , Popat Ketul , Easley Jeremiah , Palmer Ross , Haut Donahue Tammy L. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTThe anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) acts to stabilize the knee and prevent excessive motion of the tibia relative to the femur. Tears of the ACL are common and can result in pain and damage to surrounding tissues. Thus a torn ACL is often surgically replaced with an autograft or allograft material. Drawbacks to clinically available ACL grafts motivate the development of a tissue engineered ACL replacement. Our group has previously developed a polycaprolactone electrospun scaffold that mimics the hierarchical structure of the ACL. The goal of this study was to investigate the mechanical properties of the electrospun scaffold as an ACL replacement. Scaffold mechanical properties were assessed prior to implantation via stress relaxation and pull to failure testing. Following in vitro characterization, electrospun scaffolds and soft tissue grafts were implanted into ovine cadaver stifle joints as ACL replacements. Stifle joints with ACL replacements were tested via a simulated anterior drawer test as well as in situ stress relaxation and pull to failure tests and compared to stifle joints with the native ACL intact. Prior to implantation the scaffold matched the native ovine ACL well in the range of functional strains as evidenced by stress relaxation measures and the toe region stiffness. After implantation the scaffold was more similar to the native ACL than the soft tissue graft, particularly when it came to reducing joint laxity and matching stress relaxation measures. These results demonstrate that the electrospun scaffold has the potential to be a suitable material for ACL replacement. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:421–430, 2019.
Kinetic and mechanistic features of carbon dioxide reforming of methane over Co–Ce/ZrO2 catalysts
Authors: Paksoy Aysun Ipek , Yassi Akdag Cansu , Selen Caglayan Burcu , Aksoylu Ahmet Erhan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCarbon dioxide reforming of methane (CDRM) is an effective route to utilize CO2 and CH4, the most abundant, thermodynamically stable and hazardous greenhouse gases. To overcome the economical impediments to favor CDRM's industrial applicability, its mechanistic features need to be revealed both for developing efficient catalysts and optimizing operational conditions. In this context, this work aims to obtain power‐law type CDRM kinetic expressions over 5%Co–2%Ce/ZrO2 and 10%Co–2%Ce/ZrO2 catalysts and compare and analyze mechanistic routes to elucidate the effect of the Co:Ce ratio on kinetics. The empirical power‐law type rate expressions were estimated with the reaction orders of 1.63 and 1.12 for CH4 and 0.29 and –0.12 for CO2 for 5%Co–2%Ce/ZrO2 and 10%Co–2%Ce/ZrO2 catalysts, respectively. Limited CH4 activation and, thus, carbon formation due to low Co loading lead to accumulation of surface oxygen on ZrO2 as redox ability of Ce becomes suppressed. This causes higher CO2 activation barrier. The presence of H2 in the feed slows down mechanistic steps involving CHx. The reactions including CH4 activation, most probably reversible direct CH4 dissociation, are found to be rate determining.
Isolated Paresis of Laryngeal Adduction: What Are the Laryngoscopic and Stroboscopic Findings?
Authors: Imamura Rui , Marcelo Agatha M. , Tsuji Domingos H. 
Published: November 2018

Objectives/HypothesisThis study aimed to describe the videolaryngostroboscopic (VLS) findings in a cohort of patients with isolated paresis of laryngeal adduction and identify predictive variables that may be related to voice recovery.Study DesignChart review and VLS analysis of dysphonic patients diagnosed with isolated paresis of laryngeal adduction by laryngeal electromyography (LEMG).MethodsDemographic, clinical, VLS, and LEMG findings were analyzed according to the outcome of dysphonia.ResultsThere were 17 patients, 12 males (70.6%), mean age of 46.6 years, with median dysphonia duration of 4 months (range, 1–60 months) included in the study. In all patients, gross movement of both vocal folds were normal. Laryngoscopy showed limited adduction of the ipsilateral ventricular fold, contralateral interarytenoid region deviation, and vocal fold atrophy in 100%, 94.1%, and 76.5% of patients, respectively. VLS findings included: impairment of glottic closure (94.1%), phase asymmetry (94.1%), and reduced mucosal wave on the affected side (76.5%). Predictors of good voice outcome were sudden onset (P = .012), duration of dysphonia on presentation shorter than 5 months (P = .005), and absence of polyphasic potentials on LEMG (P = .041).ConclusionsFindings on VLS as described suggest isolated paresis of laryngeal adduction and should warrant indication of LEMG for definite diagnosis. Voice improvement may be related to clinical and LEMG findings.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 129:919–925, 2019
The shifting relationship between weight and pediatric obstructive sleep apnea: A historical review
Authors: Keefe Katherine R. , Patel Prachi N. , Levi Jessica R. 
Published: November 2018

ObjectivesFor more than a century, pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) was associated with failure to thrive. However, that association has faded over the last few decades. A 21st century child with OSA is much more likely to be overweight than underweight. This raises the question: Has pediatric OSA changed over time, or has the rise of childhood obesity in the United States created a new, separate disease? This literature review explores the historical shift in the relationship between weight and OSA, and the associated changes in treatment.ResultsWe demonstrate a clear transition in the prevalence of failure to thrive and obesity in the OSA literature in the mid‐2000s. What is less clear is whether these two clinical phenotypes should be considered two distinct diseases, or whether subtle differences in one set of pathophysiologic pathways—adenotonsillar hypertrophy, altered inflammation, and increased energy expenditure—can lead to divergent metabolic outcomes. More research is needed to fully elucidate the pathophysiology of OSA in children with obesity.ConclusionsWe may need new and different treatments for obesity‐associated OSA as adenotonsillectomy—which is effective at reversing failure to thrive in OSA—is not as effective at treating OSA in children with obesity. One option is drug‐induced sleep endoscopy, which could personalize and improve surgical treatment of OSA. There is some evidence that therapies used for OSA in adults (e.g., weight loss and positive airway pressure) are also helpful for overweight/obese children with OSA.Laryngoscope, 129:2414–2419, 2019
The role of differential DMSP production and community composition in predicting variability of global surface DMSP concentrations
Authors: McParland Erin L. , Levine Naomi M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is an important labile component of the marine dissolved organic matter pool that is produced by the majority of eukaryotic marine phytoplankton and by many prokaryotes. Despite decades of research, the contribution of different environmental drivers of DMSP production to regional and seasonal variability remains unknown. A synthesis of the current state‐of‐knowledge suggested that approximately half of confirmed DMSP producers are low producers (intracellular DMSP < 50 mM). Low DMSP producers (LoDPs; e.g., diatoms) were shown to strongly regulate intracellular DMSP concentrations (~ 16‐fold change) as a predictable function of nutrient stress. By comparison, high DMSP producers (HiDPs; e.g., coccolithophores) showed very little response (~ 1.5‐fold change). To assess the importance of differential DMSP production by low and high producers, DMSP concentrations were predicted for two time‐series sites (a high‐ and low‐productivity site) and for the global ocean by explicitly incorporating both community composition and mechanistic nutrient stress. Despite large, predictable intracellular DMSP changes, low producers contributed less than 5% to global DMSP. This indicates that, while variations in DMSP production by low producers could be important for predicting microbial interactions and low producer physiology, it is not necessary for predicting global DMSP concentrations. Our analysis suggests that community composition, particularly HiDP biomass, is the dominant driver of variability in in situ DMSP concentrations, even in low‐productivity regions where high producers are typically the subdominant group. Accurate predictions of in situ DMSP concentrations require improved representation of subdominant community dynamics in ecosystem models and remote‐sensing algorithms.
Effect of Aryl Substituents and Fluorine Addition on the Optoelectronic Properties and Organic Solar Cell Performance of a High Efficiency Indacenodithienothiophene‐alt‐Quinoxaline π‐Conjugated Polymer
Authors: Tatsi Elisavet , Spanos Michael , Katsouras Athanasios , Squeo Benedetta M. , Ibraikulov Olzhas A. , Zimmermann Nicolas , Heiser Thomas , Lévêque Patrick , Gregoriou Vasilis G. , Avgeropoulos Apostolos , Leclerc Nicolas , Chochos Christos L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA series of donor‐acceptor (D‐A) π‐conjugated polymers, based on indacenodithienothiophene (IDTT) as an electron‐donating unit and quinoxaline as an electron‐deficient moiety, are synthesized via a Pd‐catalyzed Stille cross‐coupling polymerization. Molecular characteristics, photovoltaic parameters, and optoelectronic properties are examined through structural differences corresponding to thienyl versus phenyl side group substitutions on the IDTT and the non‐fluorinated versus the monofluoro quinoxaline derivatives. One of the most important outcome is that the power conversion efficiency (PCE) in the studied polymers is more device architecture dependent (conventional vs inverted) rather than chemical structure dependent. From single junction solar cells based on bulk heterojunction polymer:[6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) systems as the active layer, a maximum PCE of 5.33% has been achieved from the polymer containing the thienyl substituent on the IDTT and one fluorine atom on the quinoxaline. This demonstrates that finding the optimum molecular weight of ThIDTT‐QF or introducing the monofluoro‐quinoxaline in a regioregular motif in the polymer backbone significantly higher PCE can be expected versus the fully optimized high performance PhIDTT‐Q conjugated polymer.
Attachment of a 1,8‐Naphthalimide Moiety to a Conjugated Polythiophene Efficiently Improves the Sensing Abilities of Naphthalimide‐Based Materials
Authors: Hladysh Sviatoslav , Murmiliuk Anastasiia , Vohlídal Jiří , Zedník Jiří 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA novel polythiophene‐based conjugated polymer bearing 1,8‐naphthalimide‐based pendants is prepared by a two‐step modification of regioregular poly[3‐(6‐bromohexyl)thiophene] involving a nucleophilic substitution reaction of the bromide end‐groups with sodium azide followed by a robust, copper‐catalyzed Huisgen click reaction with a novel 1,8‐naphthalinmide derivative containing an active, N‐substituted propyne group. Both the polymer and the highly luminescent‐active synthesized dye are extensively studied in solution by UV–vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence, NMR, light‐scattering and isothermal titration calorimetry. The materials prepared are considered potential chemosensors for different transition metals, such as Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+. Luminescence quenching shows that these materials have a higher sensitivity to Fe2+ than to the other metal ions tested. Moreover, the 1,8‐naphthalimide‐based conjugated polymer is more efficiently quenched by Fe2+ metal ions, at a significantly lower concentration and with a higher binding constant than its parent 1,8‐naphthalimide derivative, thus indicating a high potential for sensor development.
Chemically Modified Polyvinyl Butyral Polymer Membrane as a Gel Electrolyte for Lithium Ion Battery Applications
Authors: Xu Ziqiang , Li Wenlei , Chen Zhi , Wang Dongxia , Feng Tingting , Potapenko Hanna , Wu Mengqiang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA novel porous membrane of chemically modified polyvinyl butyral (mPVB), with improved thermal properties and chemical stability for lithium ion battery applications, is successfully synthesized by utilizing the chain extension reaction of the OH units from PVB. The porous mPVB membranes are obtained via the tape casting and phase inversion method. The corresponding gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) is achieved by immersing the as‐prepared membranes in the liquid electrolyte. The electrochemical performances of the GPE show that the mPVB membranes have the features of good uniformity, high porosity (≈90%), great thermal stability, and high mechanical strength. Moreover, the GPE exhibits good chemical stability, a wide electrochemical window, as well as high ionic conductivity (≈1.21 × 10−3 S cm−1). A test of a Li/GPE/LiFePO4 battery cell shows a capacity of 147.7 mAh g−1 and excellent cycling stability, demonstrating the great potential of the mPVB‐based GPE for lithium ion battery applications.
Oxidation‐Responsive Materials: Biological Rationale, State of the Art, Multiple Responsiveness, and Open Issues
Authors: El‐Mohtadi Farah , d'Arcy Richard , Tirelli Nicola 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this review, a general introduction to biological oxidants (focusing on reactive oxygen species, ROS) and the biomedical rationale behind the development of materials capable of responding to ROS is provided. The state of the art for preparative aspects and mechanistic responses of the most commonly used macromolecular ROS‐responsive systems, including polysulfides, polyselenides, polythioketals, polyoxalates, and also oligoproline‐ and catechol‐based materials, is subsequently given. The endowment of multiple responsiveness, with specific emphasis on the cases where a molecular logic gate behavior can be obtained, is focused on. Finally, fundamental open issues, which include implications of the “drug”‐like character of ROS‐responsive materials (inherent anti‐inflammatory behavior) and the poor quantitative understanding of ROS roles in biology, are discussed.
How to Install TEMPO in Dielectric Polymers—Their Rational Design toward Energy‐Storable Materials
Authors: Feng Yang , Suga Takeo , Nishide Hiroyuki , Ohki Yoshimichi , Chen George , Li Shengtao 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPolar groups and the charge‐transport capability play significant roles in the dielectric properties of organic polymers, and thus influence the electric energy density upon application as a capacitor material. Here, the dielectric properties and electric conductivity of a series of polymers containing 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO) radicals are investigated. The neat radical polymer poly(TEMPO methacrylate) (PTMA) has a high dielectric constant but poor breakdown strength. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is introduced as an insulating polymer with high resistivity on breakdown, along with molecular design of PTMA. Copolymers of TEMPO methacrylate and methyl methacrylate, P(TMA‐r‐MMA), exhibit high breakdown strengths but low dielectric constants. PMMA blended with TEMPO exhibits the highest electric energy density of 7.4 J cm−3 (that of PTMA is 0.48 J cm−3 as a control), with both a high dielectric constant (≈6.8) and a high breakdown strength (≈500 MV m−1). It benefits from long‐range but not bulk charge transport in the blends, which is different from the bulk charge transport in PTMA and the short‐range charge transport in P(TMA‐r‐MMA). These results indicate that the TEMPO moiety located in the high breakdown matrix leads to a high energy‐storage density in the capacitor.
Prenatal diagnosis of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy and Norrie disease
Authors: Liu Jingjing , Zhu Jing , Yang Jiyun , Zhang Xiang , Zhang Qi , Zhao Peiquan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundBoth familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) and Norrie disease (ND) are hereditary retinal disorders which can cause severe visual impairment and blindness at a young age. The present study aimed to report the use of antenatal genetic testing and ultrasound in the diagnosis and counseling of FEVR and ND.MethodsAmniocentesis and ultrasonography were performed in high‐risk mothers, with children having FEVR or ND, to predict severe ocular abnormalities.ResultsCase 1: A homozygous NDP mutation (c.376T>C, NM_000266) was detected in the proband and his mother. Molecular prenatal analysis of the fetal DNA revealed no mutations. No ocular abnormalities were detected on ultrasonography. The pregnancy progressed uneventfully to a normal outcome. Case 2: A novel heterozygous FZD4 mutation (c.1010dupA, NM_012193) was detected in the proband and his mother. The same mutation was detected in the fetus, but ultrasonography showed no ocular abnormalities. A healthy baby boy with stage 1 FEVR was born after an uneventful pregnancy. Case 3: Deletions of exons 2 and 3 in the NDP were found in the proband and his mother. The same deletion mutation was detected in the female fetus, but the ultrasound scan was normal. The pregnancy progressed uneventfully to a normal outcome.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, antenatal genetic analyses were used in conjunction with ultrasound for the first time, to diagnose FEVR and ND, and predict the postnatal prognoses in at‐risk babies.
Gene coexpression network analysis identified potential biomarkers in gestational diabetes mellitus progression
Authors: Zhao Xiaomin , Li Wen 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common problems during pregnancy. Lack of international consistent diagnostic procedures has limit improvement of current therapeutic effectiveness. Here, we aimed to screen potential gene biomarkers that might play vital roles in GDM progression for assistance of its diagnostic and treatment.MethodsGene expression profiles in four GDM placentae at first trimester, four GDM placentae at second trimester, and four normal placentae were obtained from the publicly available Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) indicated two gene modules, that is, black and brown module, that was significantly positively and negatively correlated with GDM progression time points, respectively. Additionally, a significant positive correlation between module membership (MM) and degree in protein–protein interaction network of brown module genes was observed.ResultsKIF2C, CENPE, CCNA2, AURKB, MAD2L1, CCNB2, CDC20, PLK1, CCNB1, and CDK1 all have degree larger than 50 and MM larger than 0.9, so they might be valuable biomarkers in GDM. Gene set enrichment analysis inferred tight relations between carbohydrate metabolism or steroid biosynthesis‐related processes and GDM progression.ConclusionsAll in all, our study should provide several novel references for GDM diagnosis and therapeutic.
Dual‐port, aperture coupled and tapered fed patch antenna for full‐duplex ISM applications
Authors: Sangam Ramanand S. , Poolakkal Sreeni , Palthiya Ramkumar , Nallam Nagarjuna , Kshetrimayum Rakhesh S. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDual port, aperture coupled and tapered fed patch antenna with high isolation is proposed for full‐duplex 2.4 GHz ISM applications. This antenna can achieve a measured isolation of around 60 dB at 2.4 GHz and isolation band of 2.3‐2.6 GHz for more than 59.5 dB. Such a high isolation surpasses the isolation performance of dual‐port antennas available in the literature.
Magnetocaloric materials as switchable high contrast ratio MRI labels
Authors: Barbic Mladen , Dodd Stephen J. , Morris H. Douglas , Dilley Neil , Marcheschi Barbara , Huston Alan , Harris Tim D. , Koretsky Alan P. 
Published: November 2018

PurposeTo develop switchable and tunable labels with high contrast ratio for MRI using magnetocaloric materials that have sharp first‐order magnetic phase transitions at physiological temperatures and typical MRI magnetic field strengths.MethodsA prototypical magnetocaloric material iron‐rhodium (FeRh) was prepared by melt mixing, high‐temperature annealing, and ice‐water quenching. Temperature‐ and magnetic field‐dependent magnetization measurements of wire‐cut FeRh samples were performed on a vibrating sample magnetometer. Temperature‐dependent MRI of FeRh samples was performed on a 4.7T MRI.ResultsTemperature‐dependent MRI clearly demonstrated image contrast changes due to the sharp magnetic state transition of the FeRh samples in the MRI magnetic field (4.7T) and at a physiologically relevant temperature (~37°C).ConclusionA magnetocaloric material, FeRh, was demonstrated to act as a high contrast ratio switchable MRI contrast agent due to its sharp first‐order magnetic phase transition in the DC magnetic field of MRI and at physiologically relevant temperatures. A wide range of magnetocaloric materials are available that can be tuned by materials science techniques to optimize their response under MRI‐appropriate conditions and be controllably switched in situ with temperature, magnetic field, or a combination of both.