bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the effectiveness of botulinum toxin injections into masticatory muscles in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders
Authors: Kahn Alexis , Bertin Helios , Corre Pierre , Praud Morgan , Paré Arnaud , Kün-Darbois Jean-Daniel 
Published: October 2018

Introduction: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a common and invalidating disease sometimes difficult to treat. Current international recommendations favour reversible and non-invasive treatments, including the injection of botulinum toxin (BTX) into masticatory muscles. There is no strong evidence of its effectiveness. Objective: The main goal of this study was to assess the effectiveness of BTX six months following injection, in terms of pain, mouth opening, improvement of symptoms and duration of effect. Materials and methods: A retrospective study carried out at Nantes University Hospital between 2014 and 2016. Results: Thirty-four patients were included. The mean age was 37 years (17–76) and seventy six percents were female. Eighty percent of patients reported a significant improvement, notably in cases of arthralgia, which decreased in 8/18 (44%) patients (p < 0.05). The mean duration of measured efficacy was 4.2 months. Discussion: Significant improvement in cases of arthralgia and a tendency for improvement in cases of myalgia, with a mean duration of action of 4.2 months. Although BTX injection do not guarantee complete resolution of myofascial pain, it have been shown to have beneficial effects on some symptoms have been shown. Conclusion: Botulinum toxin should be considered as an alternative treatment when other conservative methods fail to yield satisfactory results. A thorough multicentre assessment is necessary in the future to scientifically validate its use.
Empirisme intelligent, petites séries de cas et recherche frugale
Authors: Odier Bernard 
Published: October 2018

Un clinicien qui rencontre dans son activité quotidienne sur d’assez longues périodes des malades gagne leur confiance et peut accéder à des connaissances cliniques dont certaines reposent sur des confidences. Cette cueillette clinique est hors de portée des questionnaires construits pour être applicables en quelques instants quelles que soient la culture et la langue. Le thérapeute est à la fois l’acteur et le témoin de séquences évolutives, parfois liées à ses interventions thérapeutiques. Son travail clinique une fois formalisé peut s’inscrire dans des études prometteuses en termes de connaissances des liens entre les interventions des thérapeutes et les changements chez les patients grâce à une connaissance fine de leurs troubles et de leurs évolutions. Celles-ci méritent d’être formalisées afin d’être reconnues et que leur éventuelle portée générale soit établie.
L’article détaille aussi comment un clinicien attentif peut, en s’appuyant sur des petites séries de cas, détecter des régularités à même de constituer des hypothèses pour d’autres cliniciens. La sagacité d’un observateur permet des découvertes qui ne sont qu’apparemment dues au hasard. L’auteur souligne l’importance de l’empirisme et de la sérendipité dans les progrès de la thérapeutique psychiatrique. Des tâches importantes d’investigation clinique appartiennent aujourd’hui encore au clinicien. Les transitions entre la remarque clinique, la petite série de cas, la recherche-action, l’étude-pilote et la recherche clinique doivent être encouragées. Les étapes à franchir pour contribuer à la marche en avant des connaissances cliniques et thérapeutiques sont illustrées. Elles peuvent être facilitées par des dispositifs de type « Fablab ». Elles s’accommodent du cadre souple et de la réactivité de la recherche frugale.
Vergleich einer kommerziell erhältlichen, Formula-basierten, mit Haferballaststoffen angereicherten Ernährungstherapie mit einer isokalorischen diätetischen Therapie ohne Formula zur Therapie der nicht-alkoholischen Fettlebererkrankung (NAFLD) – eine randomisierte, kontrollierte Interventionsstudie
Authors: Schweinlin Anna , Ulbrich Sina , Stauß Sina , Teutsch Melanie , Walle Hardy , Basrai Maryam , Bischoff Stephan 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungDie nicht-alkoholische Fettlebererkrankung (NAFLD) wird primär mittels Kalorienrestriktion mit konsekutiver Reduktion des Körpergewichts behandelt. Ein Austausch von Stärke und Zucker gegen Protein, einfach ungesättigte und langkettige Omega-3-Fettsäuren wie auch präbiotisches β-Glucan sollen dabei unterstützend wirken.In einer randomisierten, kontrollierten Interventionsstudie wurde der Effekt zweier Diätkonzepte auf den hepatischen Lipidgehalt und biochemische Parameter an Patienten mit Body-Mass-Index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2 und Zeichen einer Fettlebererkrankung untersucht. Die Interventionsgruppe (IG, n = 17) erhielt eine kommerziell erhältliche Formula-Diät mit Haferballaststoffen, die Kontrollgruppe (KG, n = 19) wurde auf eine kalorisch vergleichbar beschränkte Kost (ca. 1000 kcal/Tag) nach der Methodik der „low glycemic and insulinemic diet“ eingestellt.Beide Diätkonzepte führten nach 12 Wochen zu einer Reduktion des BMI (IG: von 33,8 ± 2,9 nach 29,3 ± 2,5 kg/m2, KG: von 33,7 ± 2,8 nach 30,1 ± 3,2 kg/m2, beide p < 0,001) sowie zu einer Verbesserung der Leberfunktion und der metabolischen Situation. Der hepatorenale Index verringerte sich in beiden Gruppen, allerdings in der IG deutlicher als in der KG (Studienende: 1,1 ± 0,2 vs. 1,9 ± 0,3, p < 0,05). Eine Blutdruckreduktion trat nur in der IG auf (systolisch von 136 ± 15 auf 122 ± 11 mmHg, diastolisch von 89 ± 9 auf 79 ± 11 mmHg, beide p < 0,01).Zusammenfassend sind beide diätetischen Interventionen ähnlich effektiv hinsichtlich Gewichtsreduktion, aber die Intervention mit der Formula-Diät mit Haferballaststoffen war hinsichtlich der Reduktion des Leberfettgehalts und der Blutdrucksenkung effektiver als die Kontroll-Diät.
Growth of Pituitary Macroadenomas Postpartial Resection: Implications for Adjuvant Radiotherapy
Authors: Panet-Raymond Valerie , Sabit Kushraw , Shenouda George , Sirhan Denis , Zeitouni Anthony , Souhami Luis 
Published: October 2018

Objective To determine the volumetric growth in macroadenomas (MAs) patients with residual postoperative disease and to identify subpopulations with rapid postoperative growth rate that may benefit from early salvage radiotherapy (RT).
Methods Patients who had undergone a partial resection for MAs and did not receive immediate postoperative RT were eligible. Residual tissue was contoured on serial magnetic resonance imaging and planimetric and volumetric changes in size were measured. Growth rates were established by a single observer using serial volumetric measurements. Data were analyzed to find a relationship among growth rate, adjuvant treatment, and patient and tumor characteristics.
Results Thirty-one patients met the eligibility criteria. Nine patients (29%) required adjuvant treatment because of tumor growth. Volumetric growth was identified 95% of the time compared with 64% planimetrically. Planimetric growth could not be established in 10% of patients showing volumetric changes. Median growth rate was 0.4464 mL/y. Growth rate positively correlated with size of residual postoperative volume (p < 0.001). Receiving salvage treatment positively correlated with growth rate (p = 0.001), particularly at a rate above 2.19 mL/y (p = 0.0064). Five patients (16%) had a growth rate above this level, all of which required salvage treatment. Patients with postoperative residual volume > 3.95 mL were most likely to experience rapid growth rate and require salvage treatment (p = 0.007).
Conclusion Volumetric measurement was found to be superior to planimetric measurement in detecting changes in patients with residual tumors. Patients with postoperative residual volume > 3.95 mL should be considered for early treatment with RT.
SUMO protease SENP1 deSUMOylates and stabilizes c-Myc
Authors: Sun Xiao-Xin , Chen Yingxiao , Su Yulong , Wang Xiaoyan , Chauhan Krishna Mohan , Liang Juan , Daniel Colin J. , Sears Rosalie C. , Dai Mu-Shui 
Published: October 2018

Significancec-Myc is dynamically regulated by posttranslational modifications, including SUMOylation. However, how SUMOylation regulates c-Myc activity and stability remains elusive. In this study, we found that SENP1, a nuclear SUMO protease, deSUMOylates c-Myc, resulting in c-Myc stabilization and activation. We further show that c-Myc can be comodified by ubiquitination and SUMOylation and that this facilitates c-Myc targeting to the proteasome for degradation. DeSUMOylation of c-Myc by SENP1 suppressed c-Myc proteasome degradation and increased the level of transcriptionally active c-Myc, while knockdown of SENP1 reduced c-Myc levels and markedly suppressed cancer cell proliferation. We show that SENP1 is frequently overexpressed in human breast cancers. Thus, our study reveals SENP1 as a positive c-Myc regulator.
XBP1s activation can globally remodel N-glycan structure distribution patterns
Authors: Wong Madeline Y. , Chen Kenny , Antonopoulos Aristotelis , Kasper Brian T. , Dewal Mahender B. , Taylor Rebecca J. , Whittaker Charles A. , Hein Pyae P. , Dell Anne , Genereux Joseph C. , Haslam Stuart M. , Mahal Lara K. , Shoulders Matthew D. 
Published: October 2018

Significance
Diverse polysaccharides are installed on specific asparagine residues as glycoproteins traverse the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi. These N-glycan structures comprise the N-glycome, which coats cell surfaces, regulates cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions, and has functional consequences for immune system function and beyond. Our understanding of how intracellular signaling regulates the molecular architecture of the N-glycome remains immature. We show that the transcription factor XBP1s alters N-glycan structures displayed on endogenous membrane-associated and secreted glycoproteins, coincident with XBP1s-induced changes in N-glycosylation–related transcripts. These results establish a role for the unfolded protein response in defining the global composition of the N-glycome–providing a mechanism for transducing internal stress to an external signal, a phenomenon with implications for both normal biology and pathology.
The Corticospinal Discrepancy: Where are all the Slow Pyramidal Tract Neurons?
Authors: Kraskov Alexander , Baker Stuart , Soteropoulos Demetris , Kirkwood Peter , Lemon Roger 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This feature article focuses on the discrepancy between the distribution of axon diameters within the primate corticospinal tract, determined neuroanatomically, and the distribution of axonal conduction velocities within the same tract, determined electrophysiologically. We point out the importance of resolving this discrepancy for a complete understanding of corticospinal functions, and discuss the various explanations for the mismatch between anatomy and physiology.
High Relative Frequency of Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli Among Patients With Reportable Enteric Pathogens, Minnesota, 2016–2017
Authors: Beczkiewicz Aaron , Cebelinski Elizabeth , Decuir Marijke , Lappi Victoria , Wang Xiong , Smith Kirk , Boxrud Dave , Medus Carlota 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundEnteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) is increasingly recognized as an enteric pathogen as clinical laboratories transition to culture-independent diagnostic tests that detect EAEC. To date, epidemiological studies have focused on children aged <5 years, and information on EAEC incidence, illness outcomes, and transmission avenues is limited.MethodsEnteric disease surveillance data in Minnesota were used to describe EAEC illnesses reported to the Minnesota Department of Health from September 2016 through August 2017. We determined laboratory characteristics of EAEC using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and next-generation sequencing. Frequency of EAEC illness, demographic profile of cases, clinical characteristics of illness, and plausible food or environmental exposures leading to EAEC transmission were assessed.ResultsDuring the study period, 329 EAEC cases were reported. Among a subset of health systems able to detect EAEC over the entire study, EAEC was the second most common reportable enteric pathogen detected after Campylobacter and the most detected diarrheagenic E. coli pathotype. No other reportable enteric pathogens were detected among 75.3% of EAEC cases, and 68% of cases reported no international travel before onset. Several virulence genes were associated with clinical characteristics.ConclusionsWe provide evidence that EAEC is a likely causative agent of diarrheal illness in the United States. Our study contributes to criteria development for identification of pathogenic EAEC and proposes potential exposure avenues.
Reducing alcohol-related harm in Australia: a simple data-based tool to assist prioritization of research and health care delivery in primary care
Authors: Freund Megan , Hobden Breanne , Deeming Simon , Noble Natasha , Bryant Jamie , Sanson-Fisher Robert W 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Introduction
The detection of harmful alcohol use and the delivery of brief advice in primary care are less than optimal. Given limited health care resources, deciding where best to allocate funding to optimize health outcomes is imperative. A simple data-based tool could be useful when access to specialist health economic advice is unavailable. This study aimed to examine the utility of a simple data-based calculator to facilitate priority setting in general practice for reducing alcohol-related harm.

Methods
A simple algorithm was developed within Microsoft Excel to allow comparison of hypothetical intervention scenarios that aimed to increase detection and brief advice for harmful alcohol use in general practice. The calculator accommodated varying implementation costs, size of effect and reach for each scenario created. The incremental costs of the intervention scenarios, the incremental number of successes (i.e. abstinence or drinking at safe levels) and the incremental costs-effectiveness ratio (ICER) were calculated for each hypothetical scenario and compared with a usual care scenario.

Results
In the hypothetical scenarios modelled, increasing both the detection of harmful alcohol consumption and the provision of brief advice produced the greatest number of incremental successes above baseline. Increasing detection alone produced fewer incremental successes but was the most cost-effective approach, as indicated by the lowest ICER.

Discussion
The data-based calculator provides a simple method of exploring reach and cost-effectiveness outcomes without the need for any specific skills. Although this approach has limitations, the calculator can be used by decision makers to guide intervention planning.
Impaired Sensorimotor Processing During Complex Gait Precedes Behavioral Changes in Middle-aged Adults
Authors: Mitchell Trina , Starrs Faryn , Soucy Jean-Paul , Thiel Alexander , Paquette Caroline 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Gait impairment during complex walking in older adults is thought to result from a progressive failure to compensate for deteriorating peripheral inputs by central neural processes. It is the primary hypothesis of this article that failure of higher cerebral adaptations may already be present in middle-aged adults who do not present observable gait impairments. We, therefore, compared metabolic brain activity during steering of gait (ie, complex locomotion) and straight walking (ie, simple locomotion) in young and middle-aged individuals. Cerebral distribution of [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose, a marker of brain synaptic activity, was assessed during over ground straight walking and steering of gait using positron emission tomography in seven young adults (aged 24 ± 3) and seven middle-aged adults (aged 59 ± 3). Brain regions involved in steering of gait (posterior parietal cortex, superior frontal gyrus, and cerebellum) are retained in middle age. However, despite similar walking performance, there are age-related differences in the distribution of [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose during steering: middle-aged adults have (i) increased activation of precentral and fusiform gyri, (ii) reduced deactivation of multisensory cortices (inferior frontal, postcentral, and fusiform gyri), and (iii) reduced activation of the middle frontal gyrus and cuneus. Our results suggest that preclinical decline in central sensorimotor processing in middle age is observable during complex walking.
Relating mass movement with electrical self-potential signals
Authors: Heinze T , Limbrock JK , Pudasaini SP , Kemna A 
Published: October 2018

SUMMARY
Landslides present a latent danger to lives and infrastructure worldwide. Often such mass movements are caused by increasing pore pressure. The electrical self-potential (SP) method has been applied in a broad range of monitoring studies. When fluid flow is involved the most relevant source of SP is the streaming potential, caused by the flow of an electrolyte through porous media with electrically charged internal surfaces. We experimentally investigated the SP signal associated with deformation of partially saturated soil. For partly saturated scenarios, we observed an SP signature correlated with the mass movement. In dry experiments, we did not observe any significant change in the electric signal. Results of numerical simulations match with the experimental observations when assuming a local and temporary alteration of the hydraulic pressure due to the sliding mass. Our findings suggest that SP measurements can be used to observe mass movement triggered by fluid pressure variations through the streaming potential.
Quota exhaustion and discarding: how Ireland’s monthly quota system has a limited relationship with discarding patterns in the commercial fishing fleet
Authors: Calderwood Julia , Reid David G 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The Irish fishing fleet is subject to monthly quotas which are designed to ensure an equal share between vessels and to spread uptake throughout the year. This monthly quota system also allows us to study the links between discarding and quota exhaustion once a month rather than once a year, as would be the case in most other countries. The hypothesis that discards of cod, haddock, and whiting would increase through the month, as quotas were used up, was tested using observer data collected from commercial fishing vessels. Other than for whiting the results showed no relationship between discarding and day of the month. Instead gear type and target fishery were bigger drivers of discarding with restrictive quotas for cod and haddock resulting in consistent discarding of these species throughout the month. Improvements in gear selectivity may aid in reducing discards but due to the mixed nature of the fishery there is limited ability for vessels to reduce catches of these quota restricted species. Understanding how such a quota management system may influence fishing and discarding behaviour is important when developing management tools to assist in avoiding unwanted catch. This is especially important with the introduction of the Landing Obligation in EU fisheries.
Transmission and Age Impact the Risk of Developing Febrile Malaria in Children with Asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum Parasitemia
Authors: Wamae Kevin , Wambua Juliana , Nyangweso George , Mwambingu Gabriel , Osier Faith , Ndung’u Francis , Bejon Philip , Ochola-Oyier Lynette Isabella 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Plasmodium falciparum infections lead to febrile illness unless the host has sufficient immunity, in which case infection may cause no immediate symptoms (ie, “asymptomatic parasitemia”). Previous studies are conflicting on the role of asymptomatic parasitemia in determining the risk of developing febrile malaria.

Methods
We monitored 2513 children (living in Kilifi, Kenyan Coast) by blood smears in 17 cross-sectional surveys to identify asymptomatic parasitemia and used active surveillance over 11325 child-years of follow-up to detect febrile malaria. We evaluated the interaction between transmission intensity, age, and asymptomatic parasitemia in determining the risk of developing febrile malaria.

Results
In the moderate and high transmission intensity settings, asymptomatic parasitemia was associated with a reduced risk of febrile malaria in older children (&gt; 3 years), while in the lower transmission setting, asymptomatic parasitemia was associated with an increased risk of febrile malaria in children of all ages. Additionally, the risk associated with asymptomatic parasitemia was limited to the first 90 days of follow-up.

Conclusions
Asymptomatic parasitemia is modified by transmission intensity and age, altering the risk of developing febrile episodes and suggesting that host immunity plays a prominent role in mediating this process.
The nature of patient complaints: a resource for healthcare improvements
Authors: RÅBERUS Anna , HOLMSTRÖM Inger K , GALVIN Kathleen , SUNDLER Annelie J 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to explore the nature, potential usefulness and meaning of complaints lodged by patients and their relatives.

Design
A retrospective, descriptive design was used.

Setting
The study was based on a sample of formal patient complaints made through a patient complaint reporting system for publicly funded healthcare services in Sweden.

Participants
A systematic random sample of 170 patient complaints was yielded from a total of 5689 patient complaints made in a Swedish county in 2015.

Main outcome measure
Themes emerging from patient complaints analysed using a qualitative thematic method.

Results
The patient complaints reported patients’ or their relatives’ experiences of disadvantages and problems faced when seeking healthcare services. The meanings of the complaints reflected six themes regarding access to healthcare services, continuity and follow-up, incidents and patient harm, communication, attitudes and approaches, and healthcare options pursued against the patient’s wishes.

Conclusions
The patient complaints analysed in this study clearly indicate a number of specific areas that commonly give rise to dissatisfaction; however, the key findings point to the significance of patients’ exposure and vulnerability. The findings suggest that communication needs to be improved overall and that patient vulnerability could be successfully reduced with a strong interpersonal focus. Prerequisites for meeting patients’ needs include accounting for patients’ preferences and views both at the individual and organizational levels.