bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards Glyphs for Uncertain Symmetric Second‐Order Tensors
Authors: Gerrits Tim , Rössl Christian , Theisel Holger 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMeasured data often incorporates some amount of uncertainty, which is generally modeled as a distribution of possible samples. In this paper, we consider second‐order symmetric tensors with uncertainty. In the 3D case, this means the tensor data consists of 6 coefficients – uncertainty, however, is encoded by 21 coefficients assuming a multivariate Gaussian distribution as model. The high dimension makes the direct visualization of tensor data with uncertainty a difficult problem, which was until now unsolved. The contribution of this paper consists in the design of glyphs for uncertain second‐order symmetric tensors in 2D and 3D. The construction consists of a standard glyph for the mean tensor that is augmented by a scalar field that represents uncertainty. We show that this scalar field and therefore the displayed glyph encode the uncertainty comprehensively, i.e., there exists a bijective map between the glyph and the parameters of the distribution. Our approach can extend several classes of existing glyphs for symmetric tensors to additionally encode uncertainty and therefore provides a possible foundation for further uncertain tensor glyph design. For demonstration, we choose the well‐known superquadric glyphs, and we show that the uncertainty visualization satisfies all their design constraints.
A Geometric Optimization Approach for the Detection and Segmentation of Multiple Aneurysms
Authors: Lawonn Kai , Meuschke Monique , Wickenhöfer Ralph , Preim Bernhard , Hildebrandt Klaus 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe present a method for detecting and segmenting aneurysms in blood vessels that facilitates the assessment of risks associated with the aneurysms. The detection and analysis of aneurysms is important for medical diagnosis as aneurysms bear the risk of rupture with fatal consequences for the patient. For risk assessment and treatment planning, morphological descriptors, such as the height and width of the aneurysm, are used. Our system enables the fast detection, segmentation and analysis of single and multiple aneurysms. The method proceeds in two stages plus an optional third stage in which the user interacts with the system. First, a set of aneurysm candidate regions is created by segmenting regions of the vessels. Second, the aneurysms are detected by a classification of the candidates. The third stage allows users to adjust and correct the result of the previous stages using a brushing interface. When the segmentation of the aneurysm is complete, the corresponding ostium curves and morphological descriptors are computed and a report including the results of the analysis and renderings of the aneurysms is generated. The novelty of our approach lies in combining an analytic characterization of aneurysms and vessels to generate a list of candidate regions with a classifier trained on data to identify the aneurysms in the candidate list. The candidate generation is modeled as a global combinatorial optimization problem that is based on a local geometric characterization of aneurysms and vessels and can be efficiently solved using a graph cut algorithm. For the aneurysm classification scheme, we identified four suitable features and modeled appropriate training data. An important aspect of our approach is that the resulting system is fast enough to allow for user interaction with the global optimization by specifying additional constraints via a brushing interface.
Linking and Layout: Exploring the Integration of Text and Visualization in Storytelling
Authors: Zhi Qiyu , Ottley Alvitta , Metoyer Ronald 
Published: July 2019

AbstractModern web technologies are enabling authors to create various forms of text visualization integration for storytelling. This integration may shape the stories' flow and thereby affect the reading experience. In this paper, we seek to understand two text visualization integration forms: (i) different text and visualization spatial arrangements (layout), namely, vertical and slideshow; and (ii) interactive linking of text and visualization (linking). Here, linking refers to a bidirectional interaction mode that explicitly highlights the explanatory visualization element when selecting narrative text and vice versa. Through a crowdsourced study with 180 participants, we measured the effect of layout and linking on the degree to which users engage with the story (user engagement), their understanding of the story content (comprehension), and their ability to recall the story information (recall). We found that participants performed significantly better in comprehension tasks with the slideshow layout. Participant recall was better with the slideshow layout under conditions with linking versus no linking. We also found that linking significantly increased user engagement. Additionally, linking and the slideshow layout were preferred by the participants. We also explored user reading behaviors with different conditions.
Tasks, Techniques, and Tools for Genomic Data Visualization
Authors: Nusrat S. , Harbig T. , Gehlenborg N. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGenomic data visualization is essential for interpretation and hypothesis generation as well as a valuable aid in communicating discoveries. Visual tools bridge the gap between algorithmic approaches and the cognitive skills of investigators. Addressing this need has become crucial in genomics, as biomedical research is increasingly data‐driven and many studies lack well‐defined hypotheses. A key challenge in data‐driven research is to discover unexpected patterns and to formulate hypotheses in an unbiased manner in vast amounts of genomic and other associated data. Over the past two decades, this has driven the development of numerous data visualization techniques and tools for visualizing genomic data. Based on a comprehensive literature survey, we propose taxonomies for data, visualization, and tasks involved in genomic data visualization. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive review of published genomic visualization tools in the context of the proposed taxonomies.
The State of the Art in Visualizing Multivariate Networks
Authors: Nobre C. , Meyer M. , Streit M. , Lex A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMultivariate networks are made up of nodes and their relationships (links), but also data about those nodes and links as attributes. Most real‐world networks are associated with several attributes, and many analysis tasks depend on analyzing both, relationships and attributes. Visualization of multivariate networks, however, is challenging, especially when both the topology of the network and the attributes need to be considered concurrently. In this state‐of‐the‐art report, we analyze current practices and classify techniques along four axes: layouts, view operations, layout operations, and data operations. We also provide an analysis of tasks specific to multivariate networks and give recommendations for which technique to use in which scenario. Finally, we survey application areas and evaluation methodologies.
The State of the Art in Visual Analysis Approaches for Ocean and Atmospheric Datasets
Authors: Afzal S. , Hittawe M.M. , Ghani S. , Jamil T. , Knio O. , Hadwiger M. , Hoteit I. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe analysis of ocean and atmospheric datasets offers a unique set of challenges to scientists working in different application areas. These challenges include dealing with extremely large volumes of multidimensional data, supporting interactive visual analysis, ensembles exploration and visualization, exploring model sensitivities to inputs, mesoscale ocean features analysis, predictive analytics, heterogeneity and complexity of observational data, representing uncertainty, and many more. Researchers across disciplines collaborate to address such challenges, which led to significant research and development advances in ocean and atmospheric sciences, and also in several relevant areas such as visualization and visual analytics, big data analytics, machine learning and statistics. In this report, we perform an extensive survey of research advances in the visual analysis of ocean and atmospheric datasets. First, we survey the task requirements by conducting interviews with researchers, domain experts, and end users working with these datasets on a spectrum of analytics problems in the domain of ocean and atmospheric sciences. We then discuss existing models and frameworks related to data analysis, sense‐making, and knowledge discovery for visual analytics applications. We categorize the techniques, systems, and tools presented in the literature based on the taxonomies of task requirements, interaction methods, visualization techniques, machine learning and statistical methods, evaluation methods, data types, data dimensions and size, spatial scale and application areas. We then evaluate the task requirements identified based on our interviews with domain experts in the context of categorized research based on our taxonomies, and existing models and frameworks of visual analytics to determine the extent to which they fulfill these task requirements, and identify the gaps in current research. In the last part of this report, we summarize the trends, challenges, and opportunities for future research in this area.(see http://www.acm.org/about/class/class/2012)
Extramarital Sex and Marital Dissolution: Does Identity of the Extramarital Partner Matter?
Authors: Labrecque Lindsay T. , Whisman Mark A. 
Published: July 2019

Panel data from married adults (N = 1,853) in the General Social Survey, a probability sample of the adult household population of the United States, were used to evaluate (a) the longitudinal association between extramarital sex and marital dissolution 2 years later, (b) whether probability of marital dissolution differed as a function of the type of relationship people reported having with their extramarital sex partner, and (c) the degree to which these associations were incremental to participants’ level of marital satisfaction at baseline. Compared to people who reported not engaging in extramarital sex, those who reported engaging in extramarital sex at baseline were significantly more likely to be separated or divorced 2 years later. Furthermore, the association between having extramarital sex with a close personal friend and marital dissolution was particularly strong. These associations remained statistically significant after adjusting for marital satisfaction. Results suggest that the identity of the extramarital sex partner and the type of relationship a person has with him or her has important implications for probability of marital dissolution above and beyond the contribution of marital satisfaction.
Disturbances amplify tree community responses to climate change in the temperate–boreal ecotone
Authors: Brice Marie‐Hélène , Cazelles Kevin , Legendre Pierre , Fortin Marie‐Josée 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimClimate change causes major shifts in species distributions, reshuffling community composition and favouring warm‐adapted species (“thermophilization”). The tree community response is likely to be affected by major disturbances, such as fire and harvest. Here, we quantify the relative contributions of climate change and disturbances to temporal shifts in tree composition over the last decades and evaluate whether disturbances accelerate community thermophilization.LocationQuébec, Canada.Time period1970–2016.Taxa studiedTrees.MethodsUsing 6,281 forest inventory plots, we quantified temporal changes in species composition between a historical (1970–1980) and a contemporary period (2000–2016) by measuring temporal β‐diversity, gains and losses. The effects of climate and disturbances on temporal β‐diversity were quantified using multiple regressions and variation partitioning. We compared how community indices of species temperature preference (CTI) and shade tolerance (CSI) changed for forests that experienced different levels of disturbance. We quantified the contribution of species gains and losses to change in CTI.ResultsTemporal β‐diversity was mainly driven by disturbances, with historical harvesting as the most important predictor. Despite the prevailing influence of disturbances, we revealed a significant thermophilization (ΔCTI = +.03 °C/decade) throughout forests in Québec. However, this shift in community composition was weakly explained by climate change and considerably slower than the rate of warming (+.14 °C/decade). Importantly, thermophilization was amplified by moderate disturbances (+.044 °C/decade), almost a threefold increase compared with minor disturbances (+.015 °C/decade). The gains and losses of a few tree species contributed to this community‐level shift.ConclusionsOur study provides evidence that disturbances can strongly modify tree community responses to climate change. Moderate disturbances, such as harvesting, might reduce competition and facilitate gains of warm‐adapted species, which then accelerate thermophilization of tree communities under climate change. Although accelerated by disturbances, community thermophilization was driven by the gains and losses of a small number of species, notably gains of maples.
Keloid patients have higher peripheral blood endothelial progenitor cell counts and CD34+ cells with normal vasculogenic and angiogenic function that overexpress vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin‐8
Authors: Tanaka Rica , Umeyama Yuri , Hagiwara Hiroko , Ito‐Hirano Rie , Fujimura Satoshi , Mizuno Hiroshi , Ogawa Rei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundOne suggested reason for aberrant wound healing in keloid scars is chronic inflammation of the dermis. We hypothesized that excessive blood vessel formation and high capillary density in keloid tissue is caused by dysfunction of endothelial progenitor cells.MethodsWe compared the number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells and vasculogenic and angiogenic capacity, as well as secretory function, of circulating CD34+ cells in keloid patients and healthy individuals.ResultsCompared to mononuclear cell cultures from healthy donors, cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from keloid patients showed a more than twofold increase in the number of peripheral blood EPCs (fibronectin‐adhering cells that phagocytized acetylated low‐density lipoprotein and bound Ulex europaeus agglutinin‐I lectin). However, there was no difference in colony‐forming ability and participation in in vitro angiogenesis between circulating CD34+ cells isolated from keloid patients and healthy individuals. This means that circulating CD34+/endothelial progenitor cells in keloid patients have normal vasculogenic and angiogenic function. However, CD34+ cells derived from keloid patients demonstrated a more than sevenfold expression of the interleukin‐8 gene and a more than fivefold expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor gene than CD34+ cells derived from healthy individuals.ConclusionsThese results support the role of vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin‐8 in increased recruitment of endothelial progenitor cells in keloid patients.
Migrant earnings gaps in Gulf Cooperation Council countries: Employers' perceptions or opportunity costs?
Authors: ALFARHAN Usamah F. , AL‐BUSAIDI Samir 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article discusses earnings differentials among skilled Western, Arab and Asian migrants, who constitute most of the private sector labour force in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, during the period 2012–14. Using two standard decomposition methodologies, it investigates the view that Westerners are paid premium rates due to the unobserved perceptions of private employers. The results indicate that while one‐third to three‐quarters of real hourly earnings differentials are attributable to differing observed levels of productivity‐related characteristics, the remainder are due to the incorporation of higher opportunity costs for Westerners into the bargaining process. The potential effect of unobserved perceptions is found to be irrelevant to observed earnings differentials.
Linking jobs in global supply chains to demand
Authors: KIZU Takaaki , KÜHN Stefan , VIEGELAHN Christian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe expansion of global supply chains (GSCs) has increasingly disconnected the location of jobs from the demand supporting them, both geographically and in terms of sector. Using data from the World Input–Output Database, the authors examine these linkages across 40 countries over the period 1995–2013, expanding on earlier analysis published by the ILO, and provide evidence of the number of GSC‐related jobs in terms of job location–export destination combinations. Their findings point to changing patterns in demand and supply of GSC‐related jobs, increasing the role of China as a demand generator, reinforcing production linkages between emerging economies and increasing the number of service jobs dependent on manufacturing GSCs.
Using monoclonal antibodies to investigate molecular immunology: there's more to know!
Authors: Milling Simon 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThe study of cellular and molecular immunology is almost completely dependent on monoclonal antibody technology. Despite the relatively long history of monoclonal antibodies, there is still huge potential for developing novel and transformative uses for this technology. In this issue of Immunology, we present two such papers, one focussing on anti‐complement (C5) antibodies, the other on anti‐CD6‐specific antibodies. Both manuscripts describe novel ways that monoclonal antibodies may be used for scientific and potentially for therapeutic benefit.
Real‐world scene perception in infants: What factors guide attention allocation?
Authors: van Renswoude Daan R. , Visser Ingmar , Raijmakers Maartje E. J. , Tsang Tawny , Johnson Scott P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe foci of visual attention were modeled as a function of perceptual salience, adult fixation locations, and attentional control mechanisms (measured in separate tasks) in infants (N = 45, 3‐ to 15‐month‐olds) as they viewed static real‐world scenes. After controlling for the center bias, the results showed that low‐level perceptual salience predicts where infants look. In addition, high‐level factors also played a role: Infants fixated parts of the scenes frequently fixated by adults and this effect was stronger for older than younger infants. In line with this finding, infant fixation durations were longer on regions more frequently fixated by adults, implying longer time taken to process the available information. Fixation durations decreased with age, and this decline interacted with orienting skills such that fixation durations decreased faster with age for infants with high orienting skills, relative to infants with low orienting skills. There was a further interaction between fixation durations and selective attention abilities: Infants with low selective attention skills showed a decrease in fixation durations with age, whereas infants with higher selective attention skills showed a slight increase in fixation durations with age. These findings imply that infants' visual processing of static real‐world stimuli develops in accord with attentional control.
Evaluating the impact of an electronic application of the Dynamic Appraisal of Situational Aggression with an embedded Aggression Prevention Protocol on aggression and restrictive interventions on a forensic mental health unit
Authors: Maguire Tessa , Daffern Michael , Bowe Steven J. , McKenna Brian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRisk assessment is a pre‐requisite for violence prevention in mental health settings. Extant research concerning risk assessment and nursing intervention is limited and has focused on the predictive validity of various risk assessment approaches and instruments, with few attempts to elucidate and test interventions that might prevent aggression, and reduce reliance on coercive interventions. The integration of risk assessment and violence prevention strategies has been neglected. The aim of this feasibility study was to test a novel Aggression Prevention Protocol designed to prioritize the instigation of less restrictive interventions on an acute forensic mental health unit for female patients. A prospective quasi‐experimental study was designed to test an Aggression Prevention Protocol, linked to an electronic application of the Dynamic Appraisal of Situational Aggression (DASA). Following introduction of the DASA and Aggression Prevention Protocol, there were reductions in verbal aggression, administration of Pro Re Nata medication, the rate of seclusion, and physical and mechanical restraint. There was also an increase in documented nursing interventions. Overall, these results support further testing of the electronic application of the DASA and the Aggression Prevention Protocol.
Vigour/tolerance trade‐off in cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus) response to salinity stress is linked to leaf elemental composition
Authors: Temme Andries A. , Kerr Kelly L. , Donovan Lisa A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDeveloping more stress‐tolerant crops will require greater knowledge of the physiological basis of stress tolerance. Here, we explore how biomass declines in response to salinity relate to leaf traits across 20 genotypes of cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus). Plant growth, leaf physiological traits and leaf elemental composition were assessed after 21 days of salinity treatments (0, 50, 100, 150 or 200 mM NaCl) in a greenhouse study. There was a trade‐off in performance such that vigorous genotypes, those with higher biomass at 0 mM NaCl, had both a larger absolute decrease and proportional decrease in biomass due to increased salinity. More vigorous genotypes at control were less tolerant to salinity. Contrary to expectation, genotypes with a low increase in leaf Na and decrease in K:Na were not better at maintaining biomass with increasing salinity. Rather, genotypes with a greater reduction in leaf S and K content were better at maintaining biomass at increased salinity. While we found an overall trade‐off between sunflower vigour and salt tolerance, some genotypes were more tolerant than expected. Further analysis of the traits and mechanisms underlying this trade‐off may allow us to breed these into high‐vigour genotypes in order to increase their salt tolerance.