bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of adhesive used as modeling liquid on the stability of the color and opacity of composites
Authors: Araujo Fernanda Santos , Barros Mellany Cristie Ramos , Santana Márcia Luciana Carregosa , de Jesus Oliveira Ludmila Smith , Silva Paula Fernanda Damasceno , Lima Giana da Silveira , Faria‐e‐Silva André Luis 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis study evaluated the effects of adhesive type used as modeling liquid on the stability of the color and opacity of composites submitted to thermal cycling in staining solutions followed by a bleaching procedure.MethodsThirty cylinder‐shaped composite specimens (10 mm diameter × 1.5 mm thickness) were built using or not using (control) an adhesive (Adper Universal or Scotchbond Multipurpose) as the modeling liquid. After polishing procedures, the color and opacity were measured, and the specimens were submitted to 200 thermal cycles with 10 s of dwell time in baths of grape juice at 5°C, water at 37°C, and coffee at 55°C. Changes in opacity and color caused by the staining solutions were measured. Then, the specimens were bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide for 45 minutes followed by color/opacity measurements. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05).ResultsThe use of modeling liquids did not affect the initial color and opacity of composite. Reduced changes to color (E00 = 3.44) and opacity (+2.67%) were observed for specimens modeled using Adper Universal. Bleaching procedures reduced the color (E00 = 1.9‐3.8) and opacity (−2.3 to 3.1%) alterations caused by staining solutions but were unable to restore the values observed at baseline.ConclusionThe use of universal adhesive as modeling liquid significantly reduced the color and opacity changes caused by staining solutions, and the bleaching procedure partially re‐established the opacity and color of the composites.Clinical SignificanceThis study evaluates whether using adhesive systems for modeling a composite affects the color and opacity changes caused by staining solutions followed by a bleaching procedure. The findings suggest that the use of a universal adhesive as modeling liquid can reduce the alterations in optical properties caused by staining solutions, and the application of high‐concentrated hydrogen peroxide over the composite reduce the color changes without fully recover the initial color.
Turmeric tonic as a treatment in scalp psoriasis: A randomized placebo‐control clinical trial
Authors: Bahraini Parichehr , Rajabi Mehdi , Mansouri Parvin , Sarafian Golnaz , Chalangari Reza , Azizian Zahra 
Published: April 2018

SummaryBackgroundPsoriasis is an autoimmune and recurrent chronic inflammatory skin disorder with a strong genetic basis. The characteristic features are hyperproliferation of keratinocytes, leading to redness, thickening, and scaling of the epidermis followed by itching and the appearance of lesions, which in most cases can affect the patients both medically and psychologically. The scalp is one of the most common sites for psoriasis. This condition is predominantly managed with steroids, which are associated with various side effects. Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), a spice commonly used throughout the world, has been shown to exhibit anti‐inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antineoplastic properties. It has been reported to exhibit inhibitory activity on potassium channels in T cells and plays a key role in psoriasis.AimWe were prompted to investigate the turmeric tonic as an immune modulation and anti‐inflammatory therapy on scalp psoriasis.MethodForty patients with mild‐to‐moderate scalp psoriasis who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were randomly allocated into two groups. The case group received turmeric tonic twice a day for 9 weeks, whereas the other group received a placebo applied in the same manner. Patients were evaluated at the following points: baseline, weeks 3, 6, and 9. The dermatology life quality index (DLQI) questionnaire and PASI (psoriasis area & severity index) scores, as well as medical photos before, during and after treatment were also evaluated. The probable adverse effects were also recorded and reported.ResultsCompared to the placebo, turmeric tonic significantly reduced the erythema, scaling and induration of lesions (PASI score), and also improved the patients' quality of life (P value < .05).ConclusionsThe clinical effects of turmeric tonic on scalp psoriasis were satisfactory overall. This formulation could be considered as a treatment for scalp psoriasis.
The use of bipolar electrosurgical forceps for haemostasis in open surgical ovariectomy of bitches and queens and castration of dogs
Authors: Watts J. 
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesTo describe a technique using bipolar electrosurgical forceps for haemostasis during open ovariectomy of bitches and queens and for castration of dogs and to determine whether these forceps reduced surgical time compared to ligation with suture.Materials and MethodsBipolar electrosurgical forceps were used for haemostasis in 3744 open surgeries including ovariectomies in bitches (n=1406) and queens (n=859) and castrations in dogs (n=1335). The forceps were also used to assist with ovariohysterectomy in bitches (n=89) and queens (n=55). The effect of bipolar electrocoagulation and other likely factors influencing surgical time was examined using linear regression analysis of 367 surgeries.ResultsThe use of the forceps reduced surgical time by 9·7 ±2·8 minutes in bitches and by 3·0 ±1·5 minutes in queens. The complications encountered initially were small superficial skin burns requiring topical treatment and one case of haemorrhage associated with surgical technique.Clinical SignificanceBipolar electrosurgical forceps reduce surgical time in ovariectomies, and complications are rare. This technique has promise for widespread application in veterinary practice to assist with haemostasis in ovariectomy of bitches and queens.
Genome‐wide analysis of the regulation of Cu metabolism in Cryptococcus neoformans
Authors: Garcia‐Santamarina Sarela , Festa Richard A. , Smith Aaron D. , Yu Chen‐Hsin , Probst Corinna , Ding Chen , Homer Christina M. , Yin Jun , Noonan James P. , Madhani Hiten , Perfect John R. , Thiele Dennis J. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThe ability of the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans to adapt to variable copper (Cu) environments within the host is key for successful dissemination and colonization. During pulmonary infection, host alveolar macrophages compartmentalize Cu into the phagosome and C. neoformans Cu‐detoxifying metallothioneins, MT1 and MT2, are required for survival of the pathogen. In contrast, during brain colonization the C. neoformans Cu+ importers Ctr1 and Ctr4 are required for virulence. Central for the regulation and expression of both the Cu detoxifying MT1/2 and the Cu acquisition Ctr1/4 proteins is the Cu‐metalloregulatory transcription factor Cuf1, an established C. neoformans virulence factor. Due to the importance of the distinct C. neoformans Cu homeostasis mechanisms during host colonization and virulence, and to the central role of Cuf1 in regulating Cu homeostasis, we performed a combination of RNA‐Seq and ChIP‐Seq experiments to identify differentially transcribed genes between conditions of high and low Cu. We demonstrate that the transcriptional regulation exerted by Cuf1 is intrinsically complex and that Cuf1 also functions as a transcriptional repressor. The Cu‐ and Cuf1‐dependent regulon in C. neoformans reveals new adaptive mechanisms for Cu homeostasis in this pathogenic fungus and identifies potential new pathogen‐specific targets for therapeutic intervention in fungal infections.
Lithium and nephrotoxicity: Unravelling the complex pathophysiological threads of the lightest metal
Authors: Davis Justin , Desmond Michael , Berk Michael 
Published: April 2018

Summary at a GlanceThis paper elucidated the current evidence pertaining to the pathophysiology of lithium induced nephrotoxicity and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. The molecular mechanisms behind are the development of alterations in glycogen synthase kinase 3 signalling, G2 cell cycle progression arrest, alterations in inositol and prostaglandin signalling pathways, and dysregulated trafficking and transcription of aquaporin 2 water channels.
Antennal olfactory sensory neurones responsive to host and nonhost plant volatiles in gorse pod moth Cydia succedana
Authors: Park Kye Chung , Lee Jung‐Ah , Suckling David M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe investigate the response profiles of the antennal olfactory sensory neurones (OSNs) in male and female gorse pod moth Cydia succedana to host and nonhost volatiles, using the single sensillum recording technique. Eight different classes of olfactory sensilla are identified in female C. succedana and five different classes of olfactory sensilla in males. Nineteen different classes of OSNs are identified from the sensilla in females, and nine different classes of OSNs in the male sensilla. All classes of sensilla, except class F7 and class M1 sensilla, co‐compartmentalize two or three OSNs in each sensillum, and the OSNs present in the same sensillum are specialized for different volatiles. Most plant‐volatile OSNs exhibit phasic‐tonic type of temporal responses, whereas the pheromone OSNs in male C. succedana show rather phasic responses. The majority of OSNs identified in C. succedana display highly specialized responses to a narrow range of volatiles, whereas only a small proportion of OSNs show broad response spectra. Two most abundant classes of OSNs exhibit highly specialized responses to β‐myrcene and (E)‐β‐ocimene, two major volatiles released by gorse (Ulex europaeus), the main host of C. succedana. By contrast, several other classes of OSNs exhibit highly specialized responses to geraniol, (Z)‐3‐hexen‐1‐ol, (±)‐α‐terpineol, citral and benzyl acetate, which are produced by various nonhost plants. Taking the results of the present study together, we suggest that C. succedana use the combinational input from a set of highly specialized OSNs for host plant volatiles and another set of highly specialized OSNs for nonhost volatiles to discriminate between hosts and nonhosts.
On the move through time – a historical review of plant clock research
Authors: Johansson M. , Köster T. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe circadian clock is an important regulator of growth and development that has evolved to help organisms to anticipate the predictably occurring events on the planet, such as light–dark transitions, and adapt growth and development to these. This review looks back in history on how knowledge about the endogenous biological clock has been acquired over the centuries, with a focus on discoveries in plants. Key findings at the physiological, genetic and molecular level are described and the role of the circadian clock in important molecular processes is reviewed.
Is home‐based HIV testing universally acceptable? Findings from a case–control study nested within the HPTN 071 (PopART) trial
Authors: Sabapathy K. , Mulubwa C. , Mathema H. , Mubekapi‐Musadaidzwa C. , Schaap A. , Hoddinott G. , Hargreaves J. , Floyd S. , Ayles H. , Hayes R. ,   the HPTN 071 (PopART) Study Team
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe HPTN 071 (PopART) trial is examining the impact of a package including universal testing and treatment on community‐level HIV incidence in Zambia and South Africa. We conducted a nested case–control study to examine factors associated with acceptance of home‐based HIV testing and counselling (HB‐HTC) delivered by community HIV‐care providers (CHiPs) in PopART intervention communities.MethodsOf 295 447 individuals who were offered testing, random samples of individuals who declined HB‐HTC (cases) and accepted HB‐HTC (controls), stratified by gender and community, were selected. Odds ratios comparing cases and controls were estimated using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsData from 642 participants (313 cases, 329 controls) were analysed. There were no differences between cases and controls by demographic or behavioural characteristics including age, marital or socio‐economic position. Participants who felt they could be open with CHiPs (AOR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.30–0.71, P < 0.001); self‐reported as not previously tested (AOR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.43–0.95, P = 0.03); considered HTC at home to be convenient (AOR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.27–0.54, P = 0.001); knowing others who had accepted HB‐HTC from the CHiPs (AOR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.31–0.77, P = 0.002); or were motivated to get treatment without delay (AOR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.43–0.85, P = 0.004) were less likely to decline the offer of HB‐HCT. Those who self‐reported high‐risk sexual behaviour were also less likely to decline HB‐HCT (AOR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.39–0.93, P = 0.02). Having stigmatising attitudes about HB‐HTC was not an important barrier to HB‐HCT uptake. Men who reported fear of HIV were more likely to decline HB‐HCT (AOR: 2.68, 95% CI: 1.33–5.38, P = 0.005).ConclusionAcceptance of HB‐HTC was associated with lack of previous HIV testing, positive attitudes about HIV services/treatment and perception of high sexual risk. Uptake of HB‐HCT among those offered it was similar across a range of demographic and behavioural subgroups suggesting it was ‘universally’ acceptable.
Implementation of secondary bacterial culture testing of platelets to mitigate residual risk of septic transfusion reactions
Authors: Bloch Evan M. , Marshall Christi E. , Boyd Joan S. , Shifflett Lisa , Tobian Aaron A.R. , Gehrie Eric A. , Ness Paul M. 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUNDBacterial contamination of platelets remains a major transfusion‐associated risk despite long‐standing safety measures in the United States. We evaluated an approach using secondary bacterial culture (SBC) to contend with residual risk of bacterial contamination.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSPhased implementation of SBC was initiated in October 2016 for platelets (all apheresis collected) received at our institution from the blood donor center (Day 3 post collection). Platelet products were sampled aseptically (5 mL inoculated into an aerobic bottle [BacT/ALERT BPA, BioMerieux, Inc.]) by the blood bank staff upon receipt, using a sterile connection device and sampling kit. The platelet sample was inoculated into an aerobic blood culture bottle and incubated at 35°C for 3 days. The cost of SBC was calculated on the basis of consumables and labor costs at time of implementation.RESULTSIn the 13 months following implementation (October 6, 2016, to November 30, 2017), 23,044/24,653 (93.47%) platelet products underwent SBC. A total of eight positive cultures were detected (incidence 1 in 2881 platelet products), seven of which were positive within 24 hours of SBC. Coagulase negative Staphyloccus spp. were identified in four cases. Five of the eight cases were probable true positive (repeat reactive) and interdicted (cost per averted case was US$77,935). The remaining three cases were indeterminate. No septic transfusion reactions were reported during the observation period.CONCLUSIONWe demonstrate the feasibility of SBC of apheresis platelets to mitigate bacterial risk. SBC is lower cost than alternative measures (e.g., pathogen reduction and point‐of‐release testing) and can be integrated into workflow at hospital transfusion services.
Ac102 Participates in Nuclear Actin Polymerization by Modulating BV/ODV-C42 Ubiquitination during Autographa californica Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus Infection
Authors: Zhang Yongli , Hu Xue , Mu Jingfang , Hu Yangyang , Zhou Yuan , Zhao He , Wu Chunchen , Pei Rongjuan , Chen Jizheng , Chen Xinwen , Wang Yun 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

As a virus-encoded actin nucleation promoting factor (NPF), P78/83 induces actin polymerization to assist in Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) propagation. According to our previous study, although P78/83 actively undergoes ubiquitin-independent proteasomal degradation, AcMNPV encodes budded virus/occlusion derived virus (BV/ODV)-C42 (C42), which allows P78/83 to function as a stable NPF by inhibiting its degradation during viral infection. However, whether there are other viral proteins involved in regulating P78/83-induced actin polymerization has yet to be determined. In this study, we found that Ac102, an essential viral gene product previously reported to play a key role in mediating the nuclear accumulation of actin during AcMNPV infection, is a novel regulator of P78/83-induced actin polymerization. By characterizing an
ac102
knockout bacmid, we demonstrated that Ac102 participates in regulating nuclear actin polymerization as well as the morphogenesis and distribution of capsid structures in the nucleus. These regulatory effects are heavily dependent on an interaction between Ac102 and C42. Further investigation revealed that Ac102 binds to C42 to suppress K48-linked ubiquitination of C42, which decreases C42 proteasomal degradation and consequently allows P78/83 to function as a stable NPF to induce actin polymerization. Thus, Ac102 and C42 form a regulatory cascade to control viral NPF activity, representing a sophisticated mechanism for AcMNPV to orchestrate actin polymerization in both a ubiquitin-dependent and ubiquitin-independent manner.

IMPORTANCE
Actin is one of the most functionally important proteins in eukaryotic cells. Morphologically, actin can be found in two forms: a monomeric form called globular actin (G-actin) and a polymeric form called filamentous actin (F-actin). G-actin can polymerize to form F-actin, and nucleation promoting factor (NPF) is the initiator of this process. Many viral pathogens harness the host actin polymerization machinery to assist in virus propagation. Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) induces actin polymerization in host cells. P78/83, a viral NPF, is responsible for this process. Previously, we identified that BV/ODV-C42 (C42) binds to P78/83 and protects it from degradation. In this report, we determined that another viral protein, Ac102, is involved in modulating C42 ubiquitination and, consequently, ensures P78/83 activity as an NPF to initiate actin polymerization. This regulatory cascade represents a novel mechanism by which a virus can harness the cellular actin cytoskeleton to assist in viral propagation.
Molecular Basis of Unusually High Neutralization Resistance in Tier 3 HIV-1 Strain 253-11
Authors: Moyo Thandeka , Ereño-Orbea June , Jacob Rajesh Abraham , Pavillet Clara E. , Kariuki Samuel Mundia , Tangie Emily N. , Julien Jean-Philippe , Dorfman Jeffrey R. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
Understanding the mechanisms used by HIV-1 to evade antibody neutralization may contribute to the design of a high-coverage vaccine. The tier 3 virus 253-11 is poorly neutralized by subtype-matched and subtype C sera, even compared to other tier 3 viruses, and is also recognized poorly by V3/glycan-targeting monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). We found that sequence polymorphisms in the V3 loop and N-linked glycosylation sites contribute only minimally to the high neutralization resistance of 253-11. Interestingly, the 253-11 membrane-proximal external region (MPER) is rarely recognized by sera in the context of the wild-type virus but is commonly recognized in the context of an HIV-2 chimera, suggesting steric or kinetic hindrance of binding to MPER in the native envelope (Env). Mutations in the 253-11 MPER, which were previously reported to increase the lifetime of the prefusion Env conformation, affected the resistance of 253-11 to antibodies targeting various epitopes on HIV-1 Env, presumably destabilizing its otherwise stable, closed trimer structure. To gain insight into the structure of 253-11, we constructed and crystallized a recombinant 253-11 SOSIP trimer. The resulting structure revealed that the heptad repeat helices in gp41 are drawn in close proximity to the trimer axis and that gp120 protomers also showed a relatively compact disposition around the trimer axis. These observations give substantial insight into the molecular features of an envelope spike from a tier 3 virus and into possible mechanisms that may contribute to its unusually high neutralization resistance.

IMPORTANCE
HIV-1 isolates that are highly resistant to broadly neutralizing antibodies could limit the efficacy of an antibody-based vaccine. We studied 253-11, which is highly resistant to commonly elicited neutralizing antibodies. To further understand its resistance, we made mutations that are known to delay fusion and thus increase the time that the virus spends in the open conformation following CD4 binding. Interestingly, we found that these mutations affect the 253-11 envelope (Env) spike before CD4 binding, presumably by destabilizing the trimer structure. To gain further information about the structure of the 253-11 Env trimer, we generated a recombinant 253-11 SOSIP trimer. The crystal structure of the SOSIP trimer revealed that the gp41 helices and the gp120 protomers were drawn in toward the center of the molecule compared to most solved HIV-1 Env structures. These observations provide insight into the distinct molecular features of a tier 3 envelope spike.
MYR1-Dependent Effectors Are the Major Drivers of a Host Cell’s Early Response to
Toxoplasma
, Including Counteracting MYR1-Independent Effects
Authors: Naor Adit , Panas Michael W. , Marino Nicole , Coffey Michael J. , Tonkin Christopher J. , Boothroyd John C. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

The obligate intracellular parasite
Toxoplasma gondii
controls its host cell from within the parasitophorous vacuole (PV) by using a number of diverse effector proteins, a subset of which require the aspartyl protease 5 enzyme (ASP5) and/or the recently discovered MYR1 protein to cross the PV membrane. To examine the impact these effectors have in the context of the entirety of the host response to
Toxoplasma
, we used RNA-Seq to analyze the transcriptome expression profiles of human foreskin fibroblasts infected with wild-type RH (RH-WT), RHΔ
myr1
, and RHΔ
asp5
tachyzoites. Interestingly, the majority of the differentially regulated genes responding to
Toxoplasma
infection are MYR1 dependent. A subset of MYR1 responses were ASP5 independent, and MYR1 function did not require ASP5 cleavage, suggesting the export of some effectors requires only MYR1. Gene set enrichment analysis of MYR1-dependent host responses suggests an upregulation of E2F transcription factors and the cell cycle and a downregulation related to interferon signaling, among numerous others. Most surprisingly, “hidden” responses arising in RHΔ
myr1
- but not RH-WT-infected host cells indicate counterbalancing actions of MYR1-dependent and -independent activities. The host genes and gene sets revealed here to be MYR1 dependent provide new insight into the parasite’s ability to co-opt host cell functions.

IMPORTANCE
Toxoplasma gondii
is unique in its ability to successfully invade and replicate in a broad range of host species and cells within those hosts. The complex interplay of effector proteins exported by
Toxoplasma
is key to its success in co-opting the host cell to create a favorable replicative niche. Here we show that a majority of the transcriptomic effects in tachyzoite-infected cells depend on the activity of a novel translocation system involving MYR1 and that the effectors delivered by this system are part of an intricate interplay of activators and suppressors. Removal of all MYR1-dependent effectors reveals previously unknown activities that are masked or hidden by the action of these proteins.