bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural basis for the allosteric regulation of the SbtA bicarbonate transporter by the PII-like protein, SbtB, fromCyanobiumsp. PCC7001
Authors: Kaczmarski Joe A. , Hong Nan-Sook , Mukherjee Bratati , Wey Laura T. , Rourke Loraine , Förster Britta , Peat Thomas S. , Price G. Dean , Jackson Colin J. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTCyanobacteria have evolved a suite of enzymes and inorganic carbon (Ci) transporters that improve photosynthetic performance by increasing the localized concentration of CO2around the primary CO2-fixating enzyme, Rubisco. This CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM) is highly regulated, responds to illumination/darkness cycles and allows cyanobacteria to thrive under limiting Ciconditions. While the transcriptional control of CCM activity is well understood, less is known about how regulatory proteins might allosterically regulate Citransporters in response to changing conditions. Cyanobacterial sodium-dependent bicarbonate transporters (SbtAs) are inhibited by PII-like regulatory proteins (SbtBs), with the inhibitory effect being modulated by adenylnucleotides. Here, we used isothermal titration calorimetry to show that SbtB fromCyanobiumsp. PCC7001 (SbtB7001) binds AMP, ADP, cAMP and ATP with micromolar-range affinities. X-ray crystal structures of apo- and nucleotide-bound SbtB7001 revealed that while AMP, ADP and cAMP have little effect on the SbtB7001 structure, binding of ATP stabilizes the otherwise flexible T-loop and that the flexible C-terminal C-loop adopts several distinct conformations. We also show that ATP binding affinity is increased ten-fold in the presence of Ca2+and we present an X-ray crystal structure of Ca2+ATP:SbtB7001 that shows how this metal ion facilitates additional stabilizing interactions with the apex of the T-loop. We propose that the Ca2+ATP-induced conformational change observed in SbtB7001 is important for allosteric regulation of SbtA activity by SbtB and is consistent with changing adenylnucleotide levels in illumination/darkness cycles.GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
The untapped potential of reptile biodiversity for understanding how and why animals age
Authors: Hoekstra Luke A. , Schwartz Tonia S. , Sparkman Amanda M. , Miller David A. W. , Bronikowski Anne M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe field of comparative ageing biology has greatly expanded in the past 20 years. Longitudinal studies of populations of reptiles with a range of maximum lifespans have accumulated and been analysed for evidence of mortality senescence and reproductive decline. While not as well represented in studies of amniote senescence, reptiles have been the subjects of many recent demographic and mechanistic studies of the biology of ageing.We review recent literature on reptile demographic senescence, mechanisms of senescence, and identify unanswered questions. Given the ecophysiological and demographic diversity of reptiles, what is the expected range of reptile senescence rates? Are known mechanisms of ageing in reptiles consistent with canonical hallmarks of ageing in model systems? What are the knowledge gaps in our understanding of reptile ageing?We find ample evidence of increasing mortality with advancing age in many reptiles. Testudines stand out as slower ageing than other orders, but data on crocodilians and tuatara are sparse. Sex‐specific analyses are generally not available. Studies of female reproduction suggest that reptiles are less likely to have reproductive decline with advancing age than mammals.Reptiles share many physiological and molecular pathways of ageing with mammals, birds and laboratory model organisms. Adaptations related to stress physiology coupled with reptilian ectothermy suggest novel comparisons and contrasts that can be made with canonical ageing phenotypes in mammals. These include stem cell and regeneration biology, homeostatic mechanisms, IIS/TOR signalling, and DNA repair.To overcome challenges to the study of reptile ageing, we recommend extending and expanding long‐term monitoring of reptile populations, developing reptile cell lines to aid cellular biology, conducting more comparative studies of reptile morphology and physiology sampled along relevant life‐history axes and sequencing more reptile genomes for comparative genomics. Given the diversity of reptile life histories and adaptations, achieving these directives will likely greatly benefit all ageing biology.A freePlain Language Summarycan be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Viscosity has dichotomous effects onBdellovibrio bacteriovorusHD100 predation
Authors: Im Hansol , Kwon Heeun , Cho Gayoung , Kwon Jisoo , Choi Seong Yeol , Mitchell Robert J. 
Published: September 2019

SummaryBdellovibrio bacteriovorusHD100 is a highly motile predatory bacterium that consumes other Gram‐negative bacteria for its sustenance. Here, we describe the impacts the media viscosity has both on the motility of predator and its attack rates. Experiments performed in polyethylene glycol (PEG) solutions, a linear polymer, found a viscosity of 10 mPa s (5% PEG) negatively impacted predation over a 24‐h period. When the viscosity was increased to 27 mPa s (10% PEG), predation was nearly abolished. Tests with three otherB.bacteriovorusstrains, i.e., 109J and two natural isolates, found identical results. Short‐term (2‐h) experiments, however, found attack rates were improved in 1% PEG, which had a viscosity of 5.4 mPa s, using bioluminescent prey and their viabilities. In contrast, when experiments were performed in dextran, a branched polymer, no increase in predation was seen even though the viscosity was a comparable 5.1 mPa s. The enhanced attack rates in this solution coincided with a 31% increase inB.bacteriovorusHD100 swimming speeds (62 μm s−1in 1% PEG vs. 47.5 μm s−1in HEPES‐salt).
Engagement in leisure and physical activities: analysing the biographical disruptions of a rare chronic disease in France
Authors: Le Hénaff Yannick , Héas Stephane 
Published: September 2019

AbstractUsing the biographical disruption literature, this article examines how the experience of illness – in this case, pemphigus – reconfigures engagement in leisure activities, and how these activities are integrated into the biographies of persons with a rare chronic illness. Among the changes imposed by the illness, leisure activities are especially enlightening, as they primarily depend on the body. The article is based on a study of 50 interviews of persons with pemphigus, a rare and chronic dermatological disorder. The ways in which they relate to leisure activities give a new perspective on biographical disruption. The first striking observation is how diverse they are: illness does not level social differences or lived experience, and can even further consolidate commitment to engagements. We identified four types of engagement in leisure activities: disengagement, which reveals biographical disruption; adapted engagement, leading individuals toward low‐risk physical activities; engagement in medicalised normalisation; and salutary engagement.
A 10‐year longitudinal study on the associations between changes in plant‐based diet indices, anthropometric parameters and blood lipids in a Flemish adult population
Authors: Waterplas Jana , Versele Vickà , D'Hondt Eva , Lefevre Johan , Mertens Evelien , Charlier Ruben , Knaeps Sara , Clarys Peter 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimPlant‐based diets are recommended in the context of environmental sustainability and health. Since not all plant foods can be considered beneficial, a distinction needs to be made between healthful and unhealthful plant foods. The aim of this study was to investigate longitudinal associations between changes in an overall plant‐based diet index, a healthful plant‐based diet index and an unhealthful plant‐based diet index, with changes in anthropometrics and blood lipids as indicators of morphological and metabolic fitness, respectively.MethodsA 3‐day dietary record was completed by 650 Flemish adults (420 men, 230 women) in 2002‐2004 and 2012‐2014. Three plant‐based diet indices were calculated based on quintile scores regarding the intake of animal‐ or plant‐based food items. Associations between 10‐year changes in diet indices and changes in anthropometrics and blood lipids were tested using multivariate linear regression.ResultsPlant‐based diet indices did not differ over time. Using the unadjusted model, few significant associations were found between changes in diet indices and changes in anthropometrics and blood lipids. However, these relationships disappeared after adjusting for confounding. In women, a positive association was found between changes in overall plant‐based diet index and changes in body mass index in the adjusted model.ConclusionsIndex values did not differ over time and few longitudinal associations were found.
Acute respiratory involvement in Colombian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus undergoing chest computed tomography
Authors: Santamaria‐Alza Yeison , Sanchez‐Bautista Julian , Fajardo‐Rivero Javier Enrique , Figueroa Pineda Claudia Lucía 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an inflammatory disease which affects multiple organs. The respiratory system is compromised in 1.6% to 36% of the patients with SLE. The objective of this study was to know the prevalence of these alterations, their associated variables, and outcomes in patients with SLE between 2012 and 2017.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of 200 patients with SLE underwent chest computed tomography (CT). The primary outcome was acute respiratory involvement (ARI). A descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analysis were performed using Stata 12.0 software.ResultsARI was present in 40% of the SLE patients undergoing chest CT. The most frequent ARI was pleural effusion in 33%, followed by pneumonia (16.5%), lupus pneumonitis (9%), pulmonary embolism (3%) and pulmonary hemorrhage (2.5%). In bivariate and multivariate analysis a statistically significant association between ARI and nephropathy, hematological impairment, active disease, dead, readmission and prolonged hospital stay was found.ConclusionThis is the first Colombian study that evaluates ARI in patients with SLE. ARI is an important and frequent condition in patients with SLE, pleural effusion being the most prevalent cause of ARI. There are some variables (nephropathy, hematological impairment and activity disease) that are associated with ARI and could be the basis of intervention.
Translation, validation and cross‐cultural adaptation of the Nepali version of WOMAC® LK 3.1
Authors: Nakarmi Shweta , Haq Syed Atiqul , Vaidya Binit 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundAmong many self‐reported outcome measures, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) is one of the commonly used indexes for osteoarthritis patients. Despite high prevalence of musculoskeletal problems in Nepal, there is no validated tool available in the local language. Thus, this study aimed to translate the English WOMAC® into Nepali, and validate it for use in the future.MethodsGuidelines by Beaton et al were followed for translation and cross‐cultural adaptation of the original WOMAC into Nepali language. Diagnosed cases of knee osteoarthritis (OA) attending the rheumatology outpatient department of National Center for Rheumatic Diseases, Kathmandu were enrolled in the study. These patients were interviewed with the Nepali version. Internal consistency was measured by Cronbach's alpha and test‐retest reliability by intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC). Correlation between domains of WOMAC was tested with visual analog scale (VAS) and numerical rating scale (NRS) of pain and stiffness.ResultsThe test‐retest reliability was good with ICC of >0.75 for all domains and items. Internal consistency was acceptable with Cronbach's alpha scores of 0.852, 0.704 and 0.955 for pain, stiffness and physical function domains, respectively. Strong correlation was observed between WOMAC stiffness domain and VAS for stiffness and NRS for stiffness with rho (ρ) values of 0.750 and 0.759, respectively. Moderate correlation was seen between WOMAC pain and VAS for pain and NRS for pain with ρ of 0.658 and 0.584, respectively.ConclusionsNepali WOMAC is a reliable and valid instrument for assessment of disease severity and its impact in Nepali‐speaking patients with OA.
Overexpression of U three protein 14a (UTP14a) is associated with poor prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Li Kun‐Kun , Mao Cheng‐Yi , Zhang Jing‐Ge , Ma Qiang , Wang Ying‐Jian , Liu Xue‐Hai , Bao Tao , Guo Wei 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundEsophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most aggressive and lethal cancers lacking valid prognostic biomarkers. As an essential component of a large ribonucleoprotein complex, U Three Protein 14a (UTP14a) might play important roles in human tumorigenesis. However, the clinical significance and functions of UTP14a in ESCC still remain unclear.MethodsFrom September 2009 to August 2015, 210 patients with ESCC of the thoracic esophagus underwent thoracoscopic esophagectomy in our institute. The corresponding 210 tissue samples and 30 cancer‐distant mucosa (CDM) samples were tested for UTP14a expression by immunohistochemical staining. The long‐term survival was analyzed by the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses. CCK8, cell colony formation, cell cycle, apoptosis, cell invasion, and wound healing assays were carried out with ECA109 cells to evaluate the effects of UTP14a on ESCC in vitro.ResultsUTP14a was positively expressed in 88.1% (185/210) of the ESCC samples. UTP14a expression in ESCC was significantly higher than in CDM, as further confirmed by Western blot analysis. High expression of UTP14a in ESCC correlated significantly with tumor invasive depth (pT stage), which predicts poor disease‐free survival and disease‐specific survival, as indicated by the log‐rank test and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Additionally, our in vitro experiments further demonstrated that knockdown of UTP14a inhibits cell proliferation and invasion in ECA109 cells.ConclusionsOur results suggest that UTP14a is aberrantly expressed in ESCC, plays a critical role in cancer progression and could be a potential prognosis predictor of ESCC.
Changes in structure of over‐ and midstory tree species in a Mediterranean‐type forest after an extreme drought‐associated heatwave
Authors: Steel Emma J. , Fontaine Joseph B. , Ruthrof Katinka X. , Burgess Treena I. , Hardy Giles E. St. J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWorldwide, extreme climatic events such as drought and heatwaves are associated with forest mortality. However, the precise drivers of tree mortality at individual and stand levels vary considerably, with substantial gaps in knowledge across studies in biomes and continents. In 2010–2011, a drought‐associated heatwave occurred in south‐western Australia and drove sudden and rapid forest canopy collapse. Working in the Northern Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) Forest, we quantified the response of key overstory (E. marginata, Corymbia calophylla) and midstory (Banksia grandis, Allocasuarina fraseriana) tree species to the extreme climate event. Using transects spanning a gradient of drought impacts (minimal (50–100 m), transitional (100–150 m) and severe (30–60 m)), tree species mortality in relation to stand characteristics (stand basal area and stem density) and edaphic factors (soil depth) was determined. We show differential mortality between the two overstory species and the two midstory species corresponding to the drought‐associated heatwave. The dominant overstory species, E. marginata, had significantly higher mortality (~19%) than C. calophylla (~7%) in the severe zone. The midstory species, B. grandis, demonstrated substantially higher mortality (~59%) than A. fraseriana (~4%) in the transitional zone. Banksia grandis exhibited a substantial shift in structure in response to the drought‐associated heatwave in relation to tree size, basal area and soil depth. This study illustrates the role of climate extremes in driving ecosystem change and highlights the critical need to identify and quantify the resulting impact to help predict future forest die‐off events and to underpin forest management and conservation.
Phenological modularity in amphibian calling behaviour: Geographic trends and local determinants
Authors: Canavero Andrés , Arim Matías , Pérez Fernanda , Jaksic Fabian M. , Marquet Pablo A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPhenology of species, the coupling of vital activities to specific times of the year, plays a main role in ecosystem functioning and is expected to be affected by global change. We analysed the temporal structure of 52 amphibian communities in South America encompassing a latitudinal range from 7º to 34º south. Phenological modularity – species tendencies to aggregate along the months – is here introduced as a ubiquitous property of biodiversity architecture. Further, we identified an increase in phenological modularity with species richness, available energy and in communities with lower thermal dependence (i.e. the rate of change in the number of species active along the year associated with the environmental temperature). These patterns are in agreement with predictions derived from several ecological hypotheses: complexity‐stability, species‐energy and metabolic ecology. However, no direct association between modularity and the phylogenetic structure of communities was observed. A structural equation model that outperformed all the plausible alternative models considered supports these results. Modularity is reported here as a main feature of the phenology of communities that depends on environmental conditions. Here, we report for the first time a putative connection between community species richness and the degree of temporal structure – phenological modularity; the thermal dependence shows that communities at low latitudes are more vulnerable to climate change; energetic environments also promote communities with phenological modularity; and latitudinal patterns of phylogenetic community structure can give us clues of which species would be important to the conservation of community processes. These results call for further theoretical analyses to support the connection between phenological modularity, community stability and vulnerability to global change.
An examination of organisational policies for healthcare and lifestyle decision‐making among Australian aged care providers
Authors: Sinclair Craig , Field Sue , Blake Meredith , Radoslovich Helen 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveExamine policies of aged care organisations relating to healthcare and lifestyle decision‐making.MethodsSeven aged care organisations submitted policy documents. Policies were analysed using the Australian Law Reform Commission (ALRC) “Decision‐Making Principles” as a framework. Senior staff (N = 9) with policy development roles participated in follow‐up interviews.ResultsThe structure and content of policy documents varied significantly between organisations. Most acknowledged the need to support the rights of care recipients in decision‐making; however, the nature of this support was often unclear. Interview themes included factors relating to “organisational contexts” “policy development and implementation” and “ethical challenges.” An overarching theme among high‐performing organisations was “proactive response aimed at pre‐empting decision‐making dilemmas”. We provide recommendations for policy development, including a self‐assessment audit tool.ConclusionAged care provider organisations may need to review policies in the areas of healthcare and lifestyle decision‐making to meet current best practice principles.
What you say and what I want: Priorities for public health campaigning and initiatives in relation to dementia
Authors: Haapala Irja , Carr Ashley , Biggs Simon 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveTo examine the overlap between priorities expressed by representatives from national and local campaigning organisations and the views of key voices in relation to dementia.MethodsSemi‐structured, in‐depth telephone interviews were conducted with 19 representatives from campaigning organisations, including nine countries and six local community initiatives in Australia. Responses were categorised into nine priorities. Views were compared to the voices of people with dementia (n = 19), carers (n = 28), and health‐care (n = 21), social work (n = 23) and service professionals (n = 20).ResultsLocal groups prioritised user‐led decision‐making and community normalising agendas. National groups were influenced by service frameworks and increasing public awareness. Professional and carer groups focused on increasing understanding and communication skills while people with dementia valued being a normal part of society.ConclusionFuture campaigning should use both national and local approaches to changing social relations, through interpersonal connections, advocacy and social mobilisation, to promote a normalising approach to attitude change.
Alternative staffing structures in a clustered domestic model of residential aged care in Australia
Authors: Harrison Stephanie L. , Dyer Suzanne M. , Milte Rachel , Liu Enwu , Gnanamanickam Emmanuel S. , Crotty Maria 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveA clustered domestic model of residential aged care has been associated with better consumer‐rated quality of care. Our objective was to examine differences in staffing structures between clustered domestic and standard models.MethodsA cross‐sectional study involving 541 individuals living in 17 Australian not‐for‐profit residential aged care homes.ResultsFour of the homes offered dementia‐specific clustered domestic models of care with higher personal care attendant (PCA) hours‐per‐resident‐per‐day (mean [SD] 2.43 [0.29] vs. 1.74 [0.46], P < 0.001), slightly higher direct care hours‐per‐resident‐per‐day (2.66 [0.35] vs. 2.58 [0.44], P = 0.006), higher staff training costs ($1492 [258] vs. $989 [928], P < 0.001) and lower registered/enrolled nurse hours‐per‐resident‐per‐day (0.23 [0.10] vs. 0.85 [0.17], P < 0.001) compared to standard models.ConclusionsAn Australian clustered domestic model of care had higher PCA hours, more staff training and more direct care time compared to standard models. Further research to determine optimal staffing structures within alternative models of care is warranted.
Process, impact and outcomes of medication review in Australian residential aged care facilities: A systematic review
Authors: Chen Esa Y. H. , Wang Kate N. , Sluggett Janet K. , Ilomäki Jenni , Hilmer Sarah N. , Corlis Megan , Bell J. Simon 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo systematically review literature reporting processes, impact and outcomes of medication review and reconciliation in Australian residential aged care facilities (RACFs).MethodsPubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Informit Health and grey literature were searched from 1995 to July 2018. Studies reporting outcomes of a stand‐alone medication review or reconciliation interventions in Australian RACFs were included.ResultsThirteen studies investigated medication review, eight of which studied Residential Medication Management Reviews (RMMRs). Five studies reported that medication reviews identified an average of 2.7‐3.9 medication‐related problems (MRPs) per resident. One study reported medication reviews had no impact on quality of life, hospitalisation or mortality, but was not powered to assess these. Three studies reported general practitioners’ acceptance of pharmacists’ recommendations to resolve MRPs, ranging between 45 and 84%.ConclusionsMedication review may be a useful strategy to identify and prompt resolution of MRPs. However, the impact on clinical and resident‐centred outcomes remains unclear.