bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feuchtetechnisches Verhalten von Innendämmsystemen mit hohen Dämmstoffdicken
Authors: Worch Anatol , Stelzmann Mario 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBislang werden erhöhte Dämmstoffdicken einer Innendämmung mit einem erhöhten Tauwasserausfall in der Grenzschicht zwischen Dämmung und Außenwandkonstruktion in Verbindung gebracht. Der durch das Glaser‐Verfahren geprägte Blick auf die Wasserdampfdiffusion ist jedoch ein sehr eingeschränkter Ausschnitt auf die tatsächlich ablaufenden Feuchtespeicher‐ und Feuchtetransportphänomene in einem innengedämmten Außenbauteil. Ein über drei Jahre laufendes Monitoring verschiedener Innendämmsysteme hoher Schichtdicken widerlegt jedoch dieses Vorurteil. Im Falle eines ausreichenden Schlagregenschutzes konnte keine Kondensation innerhalb der Konstruktion nachgewiesen werden. Durch das unterschiedliche Verhalten der Dämmung und des Diffusionswiderstands bezüglich der Dämmstoffdicke als auch die bislang wenig berücksichtigte Speicherung von Wasserdampf in den Baustoffen führt zu einer möglichen Reduzierung des ausfallenden Kondensats. Höhere Dämmstandards bis hin zum Passivhausniveau erscheinen auch bei Innendämmungen möglich.
Thermische Behaglichkeit bei Temperaturübergängen
Authors: Flemming Daniela , Eitle Adrian , Park Sumee 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn den letzten Jahrzehnten haben sich die Möglichkeiten zur gezielten Steuerung klimatischer Parameter in Innenräumen durch leistungsstarke Anlagentechnik deutlich erweitert. Auch wenn die meisten Räume natürlich gelüftet werden, sind der Regelung der Innenraumbedingungen technisch gesehen kaum noch Grenzen gesetzt. Gleichzeitig hat sich beispielsweise die Arbeitswelt stark geändert, Büros und andere Räume werden oft nur temporär genutzt und dabei auch noch geteilt. Die thermische Konditionierung der Innenräume hingegen orientiert sich aber immer noch an stationären Temperatursolllinien für die gesamte Betriebszeit. Für Konzepte zur dynamischen Steuerung und Regelung des Raumklimas fehlen gezielte wissenschaftliche Anhaltspunkte zur Bewertung der thermischen Behaglichkeit. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit erfolgte eine Literaturstudie zu durchgeführten Probandenstudien bei Temperaturübergängen. Die Probandenstudien wurden deskriptiv beschrieben und miteinander verglichen, um aus der Gesamtheit dieser Studien Erkenntnisse hinsichtlich der thermischen Behaglichkeit unter diesen dynamischen Bedingungen zu gewinnen.
To be at the tail of the lions or the head of the foxes?
Authors: Avrahami Judith , Ezer Ayala , Güth Werner , Kardosh Nour , Kareev Yaakov , Zak Uri 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAgents seeking an opportunity for profit often have to compete with others who pursue the same opportunity. When having to choose between a number of opportunities differing in their value and if individuals differ in their chances of outperforming others, the choice can be cognitively and emotionally demanding. We explore choice between opportunities using stylized Lions–Foxes games. In such a game, each of three players, with different odds of beating others, has to choose one of two contests that offer different rewards. After game theoretically analyzing the games, which we have experimentally employed, we report four experiments that vary in choice elicitation (repeated play or strategy method), in players' matching (random strangers or partners) and in rewards. Regarding contest choices, we found the choice of the higher value (and seemingly more prestigious) contest to be positively related to winning odds, contrary to what four out of the five (mixed, partially mixed, or pure) equilibria predict. Participants started out rather optimistic, with a large majority choosing the higher value option, but with experience, they approached the only viable of two pure strategy equilibria. Still, mixing continued via reacting to past play and outcome, apparently balancing dissatisfaction from choosing either contest.
Overview of Specifications to the ACMG/AMP Variant Interpretation Guidelines
Authors: Harrison Steven M. , Biesecker Leslie G. , Rehm Heidi L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe 2015 ACMG/AMP guidelines established a classification system for sequence variants; however, the broad scope of these guidelines necessitates specification of evidence types for specific genes or diseases of interest. Since publication of the guidelines, both general use and disease‐focused specifications have emerged to aid in accurate application of ACMG/AMP evidence types. This article summarizes the approaches to, and rationale for, specifying three evidence categories (population frequency data, variant type and location, and case‐level data), including available resources and a quantitative framework that can inform the specification process. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Quantifying carbonate sediment mixing across a formational boundary, an example from the Late Pleistocene Miami Limestone
Authors: McNeill Donald F. , Pederson Chelsea , Brownlow Dustin , Klaus James S. , Blackwelder Patricia 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHolocene marine sediment from proto‐Florida Bay has been eroded, suspended, transported landward and has infiltrated downward (to 1 m depth) to fill secondary pores in subaerially exposed Late Pleistocene limestone. Sediment mineralogy (up to 95% aragonite), sediment texture (mostly needle‐like, <15 µm), and bulk sediment stable‐isotope values (upward trend in δ18O from −1 to −3‰ and δ13C from 3.5 to −2‰) of infill sediment is used to document inter‐stratal movement of sediment ahead of marine transgression. Nearby Florida Bay probably supplied needle‐like aragonite crystals by a storm surge mechanism that transported sediment landward and perhaps sorted the marine mud fraction. Currently, the core site is covered by freshwater microbial lime mud with a texture different than most infill sediment. That sediment crosses a formational and sequence boundary can have several implications: microfossil displacement; sedimentologic interpretation of mixed mud and sand‐size grains; porosity and permeability reduction; and associated diagenesis with perched ground water. If sediment infiltration is recognized in core and thin section, these mud‐filled pores can aid in recognition of subaerial exposure. Stratigraphically, the occurrence of marine sediments landward of the shoreline and below freshwater deposits may be interpreted as the result of a rapid rise and fall of sea level.
Deposition of uniform carbon film on silicon substrate by chemical solution process
Authors: Hashimoto Yuichi , Suzumura Tatsuya 
Published: August 2019

AbstractUniform carbon film was grown on silicon substrate treated by low energy electron at temperature of 60° in the methanol solution. The treatment was carried out to modify the silicon surface by electron irradiation of 50 eV using electron‐beam‐excited plasma. From the results of Raman and X‐ray diffraction spectra, it was confirmed that the film is crystalline carbon containing small amounts of diamond component. The ID/IG ratio and work function of carbon film increased with increasing treatment time of the silicon substrate. The increases of ID/IG ratio and work function suggest that the carbon film had greater concentration of diamond component. On the other hand, the surface roughness and work function of the silicon substrate increased due to an increase of treatment time. The variations of physical and electronic properties are attributed to carbon deposition during the growth process.
Preparation of electrospun polycaprolactone nanofiber mats loaded with microalgal extracts
Authors: Cetmi Serife Dilara , Renkler Nergis Zeynep , Kose Ayse , Celik Cenk , Oncel Suphi S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSustainable, ecological, and biocompatible materials are emerging for the development of novel components for tissue engineering. Microalgae being one of the unique organisms on Earth to provide various novel compounds with certain bioactivities are also a good source for the development of novel tissue scaffold materials. In this study, electrospinning technique was utilized to fabricate nanofibers from polycaprolactone loaded with microalgal extracts obtained from Haematococcus pluvialis (vegetative and carotenoid producing form) and Chlorella vulgaris. The FTIR results showed that, blending microalgae with polycaprolactone give unique bands rooted from microalgae and polycaprolactone structure. The samples were not diversified from each other, however stable bands were observed. SEM analysis revealed a uniform fiber fabrication with an average diameter of 810 ± 55 nm independent from microalgal extracts. MTT assay was done on HUVEC cell lines and results showed that nanofiber mats helped cell proliferation with extended time. Biodegradation resulted with mineral accumulation on the surface of same samples however the fiber degradation was uniform. With slow but stable biodegradation characteristics, microalgal extract loaded nanofiber mats holds great potential to be novel tissue scaffold material.
The discrepancies in energy balance in furnace testing, a bug or a feature?
Authors: Węgrzyński Wojciech , Turkowski Piotr , Roszkowski Paweł 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThe paper aims to explain the differences found in the heat release rate measurements in a large sample of standard fire tests (EN 1363‐1). A total of 379 tests of vertical assemblies was investigated, all performed in furnace SPARK of the ITB Fire Testing Laboratory, in 2015‐2018. The assemblies were subdivided into two groups—wall assemblies and fire‐rated doors. These assemblies were also compared with the results of the test of a wall built with aerated autoclaved concrete blocks that was considered as the benchmark test. It was observed that walls built with highly insulated sandwich panels require less heat to maintain standard thermal exposure conditions (20%‐30% less) than their counterparts built from gypsum plasterboard or aluminium and fire‐rated glass. In case of doors, it was observed that combustible samples required significantly less heat than the benchmark case (40%‐70% less), which indicates that the combustion of the sample inside of the furnace was an additional, significant source of heat release, that may skew the qualitative assessment of their performance in fire. A more in‐depth discussion of the results is provided, with some ideas on the direction of further developments in fire testing.
Theory of fully developed mixed convection including flow reversal: A nonlinear Boussinesq approximation approach
Authors: Jha Basant K. , Oni Michael O. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this article, an exact solution is obtained to investigate the role of nonlinear Boussinesq approximation on mixed convection flow in a vertical channel subject to asymmetric wall heating. The nonlinear density variation with temperature (NDT) in the buoyancy term is introduced to the momentum equation and solved exactly by direct integration. During the course of graphical and numerical computations, results show that the role of NDT is to increase fluid velocity as well as skin‐friction while it reduces the rate of heat transfer. In addition, reverse flow formation at the walls is increased due to the inclusion of NDT (nonlinear Boussinesq approximation).
Assessment of the Risks of the Major Use Antibiotics in China's Surface Waters Using a Probabilistic Approach
Authors: Li Qi , Cheng Bo , Liu Shan , Zhang Yibo , Zhou Li , Guo Jiahua 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The occurrence of antibiotics in China's surface waters is an emerging concern. Although the ecological risk assessment for a small number of antibiotics is available in some regions, no attempt has been made to assess their risks at a national scale. The present work therefore proposed a probabilistic approach to characterize the ecological risks of 26 major use antibiotics, including sulfonamides, tetracyclines, beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, and macrolides, in China's surface waters. Initially we performed exposure and hazard assessment for these substances by synthesizing and interpreting the available occurrence and ecotoxicity data. For 22 antibiotics with sufficient ecotoxicity data, we assessed their risks by constructing joint probability curves (JPCs), from which their expected ecological risk (EER) estimates were less than 1%; for all the 26 antibiotics, in conjunction with the exposure distribution curves (EDCs), an assessment factor (AF) approach was applied and the potential risks were only detected for amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, and penicillin with risk quotients (RQs) of 1.04, 1.54, and 5.83, respectively. These results indicated that the ecological risks of most major use antibiotics posed to nontarget organisms in China's aquatic environment seem to be low. Nevertheless, there are large uncertainties in the risk characterization processes, likely because of the significant data gaps in the understanding of exposure and hazards of these antibiotics. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;00:1–10. © 2019 SETAC
Modifying Crystallinity, Morphology, and Photophysical Properties of Carbon Nitride by Using Crystals as Reactants
Authors: Azoulay Adi , Barrio Jesús , Shalom Menny 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHere we show a general method to improve the crystallinity of carbon nitride nanosheets by using melamine crystals as reactants for the high temperature synthesis. Additionally, the crystals were calcined in a sealed ampoule, which provides a pressurized environment, yielding crystalline carbon nitride nanosheets that display altered morphology and photophysical properties compared to the reference materials. Electronic microscopy, optical and photoelectrochemical measurements prove the modifications of parameters such like band structure, charge recombination or inter‐layer distance. The new growth strategy presented here opens many opportunities for the design of crystalline materials with tailored properties for different applications.
Synthesis of La2(C2O4)3 nanoprisms decorated with Fe3O4@m(ZrO2‐CeO2) nanospheres and their application for effective fluoride removal
Authors: Wang Tao , Chen Pinghua , Li Menglin , Luo Xubiao , Liu Lingling , Zeng Guisheng , Jiang Jianyuan , Huang Keyi , Xu Xueyuan , Li Songjun , Jiang Hualin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDComposites of defluoridation adsorbents based on rare earths have attracted increasing interest recently, but most of them were amorphous. The main reason for this situation is that morphology control has not been paid enough attention, because the related preparation methods are relatively sparse. Consequently, novel preparation methods are urgently needed.RESULTSIn this study, a novel La‐Zr‐Ce tri‐metal adsorbent with regular morphology was facilely synthesized. There were two morphological shapes in the composite. Nanoprisms of La2(C2O4)3 were decorated with mesoporous nanospheres of Fe3O4@m(ZrO2‐CeO2). The samples were investigated by energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Several affecting factors such as initial fluoride concentration, contact time, coexisting anions and pH were studied in detail. The balance data were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich and Langmuir–Freundlich isotherm models. The nanocomposite had a maximum sorption capacity of 117.3 mg g−1 toward fluoride, which is among the highest ever reported for fluoride adsorbents. Furthermore, it had a wide applicable pH range of 2–10 and high anti‐interference ability. The different functions of La2(C2O4)3 nanoprisms and Fe3O4@m(ZrO2‐CeO2) nanospheres in the composite have been elucidated. These two components were found to synergistically improve F− adsorption performance via their individual merits.CONCLUSIONThe adsorbent had high potential to treat F− contaminants in real application, and the method reported here is considered to be helpful for developing more highly effective adsorbents. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Frontline Science: Escherichia coli use LPS as decoy to impair neutrophil chemotaxis and defeat antimicrobial host defense
Authors: Kondo Yutaka , Ledderose Carola , Slubowski Christian J , Fakhari Mahtab , Sumi Yuka , Sueyoshi Koichiro , Bezler Ann-Katrin , Aytan Dilan , Arbab Mona , Junger Wolfgang G 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Bacterial infections and sepsis are leading causes of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Currently, there are no effective treatments available to improve clinical outcome in sepsis. Here, we elucidated a mechanism by which Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria impair neutrophil (PMN) chemotaxis and we studied whether this mechanism can be therapeutically targeted to improve chemotaxis and antimicrobial host defense. PMNs detect bacteria with formyl peptide receptors (FPR). FPR stimulation triggers mitochondrial ATP production and release. Autocrine stimulation of purinergic receptors exerts excitatory and inhibitory downstream signals that induce cell polarization and cell shape changes needed for chemotaxis. Here we show that the bacterial cell wall product LPS dose-dependently impairs PMN chemotaxis. Exposure of human PMNs to LPS triggered excessive mitochondrial ATP production and disorganized intracellular trafficking of mitochondria, resulting in global ATP release that disrupted purinergic signaling, cell polarization, and chemotaxis. In mice infected i.p. with E. coli, LPS treatment increased the spread of bacteria at the infection site and throughout the systemic circulation. Removal of excessive systemic ATP with apyrase improved chemotaxis of LPS-treated human PMNs in vitro and enhanced the clearance of E. coli in infected and LPS-treated mice. We conclude that systemic ATP accumulation in response to LPS is a potential therapeutic target to restore PMN chemotaxis and to boost the antimicrobial host immune defense in sepsis.
Phosphoinositide-3 kinase gamma regulates caspase-1 activation and leukocyte recruitment in acute murine gout
Authors: Tavares Lívia D , Galvão Izabela , Costa Vivian V , Batista Nathalia V , Rossi Lívia C R , Brito Camila B , Reis Alesandra C , Queiroz-Junior Celso M , Braga Amanda D , Coelho Fernanda M , Dias Ana C , Zamboni Dario S , Pinho Vanessa , Teixeira Mauro M , Amaral Flávio A , Souza Daniele G 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This study investigates the participation of PI3Kγ in the development of joint inflammation and dysfunction in an experimental model of acute gout in mice. Acute gout was induced by injection of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals into the tibiofemoral joint of mice. The involvement of PI3Kγ was evaluated using a selective inhibitor and mice deficient for PI3Kγ (PI3Kγ−/−) or with loss of kinase activity. Neutrophils recovered from the inflamed joint were quantified and stained for phosphorylated Akt (pAkt) and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The adherence of leukocytes to the joint microvasculature was assessed by intravital microscopy and cleaved caspase-1 by Western blot. Injection of MSU crystals induced massive accumulation of neutrophils expressing phosphorylated Akt. In the absence of PI3Kγ, there was reduction of pAkt expression, chemokine production, and neutrophil recruitment. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of PI3Kγ reduced the adherence of leukocytes to the joint microvasculature, even in joints with established inflammation. Neutrophils from PI3Kγ−/− mice produced less ROS than wild-type neutrophils. There was decreased joint damage and dysfunction in the absence of PI3Kγ. In addition, in the absence of PI3Kγ activity, there was reduction of cleaved caspase-1 and IL-1β production in synovial tissue after injection of MSU crystals and leukotriene B4. Our studies suggest that PI3Kγ is crucial for MSU crystal–induced acute joint inflammation. It is necessary for regulating caspase-1 activation and for mediating neutrophil migration and activation. Drugs that impair PI3Kγ function may be useful to control acute gout inflammation.
Temporal and spatial variability of elevated inversions over Europe based on ERA‐Interim reanalysis
Authors: Palarz Angelika , Celiński‐Mysław Daniel , Ustrnul Zbigniew 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTropospheric temperature inversions are thought to be an important feature of climate as well as a significant factor affecting air quality and low‐level cloud formation. The aim of this study is to investigate the temporal and spatial variability of the tropospheric temperature inversions, in particular so‐called elevated inversions, over Europe. The analysis is based on data gained from ERA‐Interim reanalysis for the period 1981–2015. The data consist of air temperature, and geopotential height from the entire vertical cross‐section of the troposphere, that is, from 1,000 to 100 hPa. The study examines the temporal (intra‐ and inter‐annual) variability of the temperature inversions based on their frequency, base height, depth, and strength. The analysis conducted revealed that the temperature inversions are a common phenomenon occurring in the lower troposphere. Their temporal and spatial variability is, however, determined by the inversion type. Surface‐based inversions (SBI) indicate a clear diurnal cycle, while the day–night variability of elevated inversions (EI) is far less pronounced. Two main regions of the most frequent EI occurrence may be distinguished. These are: (a) a marine area west of the Iberian Peninsula and (b) Eastern Europe. Both of them are located in areas which are under the influence of extensive high‐pressure systems—the permanent Azores High and semipermanent Siberian High, respectively. The development of EI should be therefore attributed to the large‐scale subsidence and adiabatic heating of air parcels. EI are also quite common over the other parts of the Atlantic Ocean, which is closely linked to the development of marine inversions. SBI tend to be stronger than EI—the mean seasonal inversion strength is usually substantially higher for SBI. In turn, EI reach higher values of the mean seasonal inversion depth as compared with SBI.
Clinical evaluation of a newly developed chairside test to determine periodontal pathogens
Authors: Arweiler Nicole B. , Marx Vanessa K. , Laugisch Oliver , Sculean Anton , Auschill Thorsten M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe subgingival microbiota as well as determination of markers such as associated pathogens is still in the focus of dental research. The aim of this controlled clinical trial was to determine clinical applicability of a newly developed chairside bacterial test (CST) for the most relevant periodontal pathogens.MethodsWithin 125 participants (100 with periodontitis, 25 healthy) two sulcus fluid samples each were collected and pooled for further analysis. Samples were analyzed with CST and results (positive signals for every pathogen/control) were visually detected by eye. As a reference quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed.ResultsThe detection limit of CST revealed 1.2 × 104 for Treponema denticola (T.d.) and Tannerella forsythia (T.f.), 2.5 × 104 for Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g.), 5.3 × 103 for Prevotella intermedia (P.i.), and 5.8 × 104 for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A.a.). Based on this maximum potential of positive detections, the sensitivities of CST in reference to qPCR were: T.d. (91.3%); T.f. (86.3%); P.g. (83.8%); P.i. (85.7%), and A.a. (100%). In regard to the clinical diagnosis, the CST assay and the qPCR method reached a sensitivity of 87.82% and 94%, respectively. The specificity for both methods was 100%.ConclusionThis newly developed CST can detect five typical periodontal pathogens with a somewhat lower sensitivity towards qPCR that can be classified as “good.”