bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An optimised credit scorecard to enhance cut-off score determination
Authors: Kritzinger Nico , Van Vuuren Gary W. 
Published: June 2018

Background: Credit scoring is a statistical tool allowing banks to distinguish between good and bad clients. However, literature in the world of credit scoring is limited. In this article parametric and non-parametric statistical techniques that are used in credit scoring are reviewed. Aim: To build an optimal credit scoring matrix model to predict which clients will go bad in the future. This article also illustrates the use of the credit scoring matrix model to determine an appropriate cut-off score on a more granular level. Setting: Data used in this article are based on a bank in South Africa and are Retail Banking specific. Methods: The methods used in this article were regression, statistical analysis, matrix and comparative study. Results: The matrix provides uplift in the Gini-coefficient when compared to a one-dimensional model and provides greater granularity when setting the appropriate cut-off. Conclusion: The article provides steps to construct a credit scoring matrix model to optimise separation between good and bad clients. An added contribution of the article is the manner in which the credit scoring matrix model provides a greater granularity option for establishing the cut-off score for accepting clients, more appropriately than a one-dimensional scorecard.
Efficacy of erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser with casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate with and without fluoride for remineralization of white spot lesions around orthodontic brackets
Authors: Yassaei Sogra , Aghili Hossein , Shahraki Neda , Safari Isa 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
Objective: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser, pastes containing casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) with and without fluoride and their combination for prevention of white spot lesions in the enamel. Materials and Methods: This in vitro experimental study was conducted on 90 extracted sound premolars. The teeth were then randomly divided into six groups of 15: (1) Control, (2) laser, (3) CPP-ACP with fluoride (GC MI Paste, RecaldentTM 900 ppm as NaF), (4) CPP-ACP without fluoride (GC Tooth Mousse RecaldentTM), (5) laser + CPP-ACP with fluoride, and (6) laser + CPP-ACP without fluoride. In each group, enamel surface was exposed to the remineralizing agent. The teeth were then subjected to pH cycling for 14 days. The teeth were then sectioned, polished, and underwent cross-sectional microhardness testing at 20–160 μ depth quantitatively. Using the Simpson's rule, the amount of mineral loss was calculated in each group. Statistical Analysis Used: ANOVA was used for the comparisons, and Tukey's test was applied for pairwise comparisons. Results: The highest mean volume percentage of microhardness at 20–60 μ depth belonged to the group laser + CPP-ACP with fluoride and the lowest belonged to the control group (P = 0.001). The differences were not significant at 80-120 μ depth (P > 0.05). These finding are confirmed according to △Z (mineral loss). Conclusion: Based on these results, Er: YAG laser was able to decrease demineralization and was a potential alternative to preventive dentistry and was more effective when combined with CPP-ACP products.
Reasons for choosing dentistry as a career among dental students in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Hallak Khaled Rateb , Nassani Mohammad Zakaria , Heskul Mohammed Moustafa , Doumani Mazen Deib , Darwish Mahmoud 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
Objective: This study aimed to identify reasons and influential factors for choosing dentistry as a career among dental students in Saudi Arabia. The preferred field of dental specialty following graduation will also be investigated. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire was developed and circulated among undergraduate dental students studying at a private dental college in Saudi Arabia. A list of 16 reasons that possibly influenced students’ decision to study dentistry was presented and participants were invited to indicate on a 5-point Likert scale the extent each reason influenced their choice of dentistry as a career. The listed reasons were categorized into economic, professional, vocational, social and personal reasons. Results: Totally, 788 out of 970 questionnaires were completed (response rate: 81%). Proportion of female students exceeded proportion of male students (59% and 41%, respectively) and most participants were Saudi students (73%). The top three influential factors on students’ decision to study dentistry were “Dentistry is a prestigious profession,” “I like to treat people and improve their appearance,” and “I like working with people and caring for them.” Variations were identified between male and female students and also between Saudi and non-Saudi students in the reasons to choose dentistry as a career. The vast majority of participants (94%) expressed a desire to follow a postgraduate study. Orthodontics and oral surgery were the most preferred dental specialties. Conclusion: The social and vocational reasons were the main factors that motivated this group of dental students to attend a dental program. Greater training opportunities should be planned to accommodate the speculated increasing demand for postgraduate dental education in Saudi Arabia.
Cephalometric association of mandibular size/length to the surface area and dimensions of the frontal and maxillary sinuses
Authors: Yassaei Soghra , Emami Akramsadat , Mirbeigi Sanam 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
Objective: This study aimed to determine the cephalometric association of mandibular size/length to the surface area and dimensions of the frontal and maxillary sinuses. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 116 digital lateral cephalograms of 38 patients with skeletal Class I malocclusion (normal), 40 patients with skeletal Class II malocclusion with mandibular deficiency, and 38 patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion with mandibular excess. Both male and female patients were included. Using AutoCAD 2016 software, the anteroposterior dimension, height and surface area of the frontal and maxillary sinuses, mandibular body length and cephalometric indices including anterior and posterior cranial bases, and growth pattern indices were measured on lateral cephalograms. Results: Dimensions and surface area of the frontal and maxillary sinuses in skeletal Class III malocclusion were greater than those in other groups. These variables were significantly correlated with the mandibular body length. The coefficient for the correlation of height, width, and surface area of the frontal sinus with mandibular body length was 0.253, 0.284, and 0.490, respectively. The coefficient for the correlation of height, length, and surface area of the maxillary sinus with mandibular body length was 0.346, 0.657, and 0.661, respectively. These variables (except for the frontal sinus width) had a significant correlation with the anterior and posterior cranial bases. The frontal sinus width had a significant correlation with the anterior cranial base. These variables in males were greater than those in females. Conclusion: The dimensions and surface area of the frontal and maxillary sinuses in skeletal Class III malocclusion were greater than those in other groups. These variables (except for the frontal sinus width) had a significant correlation with the anterior and posterior cranial bases and mandibular body length.
A retrospective study of causes, management, and complications of pediatric facial fractures
Authors: Ul Haq Muhammad Ehsan , Khan Abdul Samad 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTObjectives: The objective of this study was to report causes, management options, and complications of facial fractures among children. Materials and Methods: The groups were defined on the basis of age, gender, cause of injuries, location, and type of injuries. The treatment modalities ranged from no intervention, closed reduction alone or with open reduction internal fixation (ORIF). Statistical Analysis: Descriptive statistics were generated by using SPSS software for the entire range of the variables under study. Results: Records of 240 pediatric patients were obtained and a total of 322 fractures were found among a study sample. Among these, one-thirds were due to road traffic accidents (RTAs) (37.26%) and fall injuries (36.64%), making them the leading causes of facial fractures. Mandibular fractures were the most common and they accounted for 46% (n = 148) of all fractures. The highest number of RTA (n = 27) was found in adolescents and fall injuries were more prevalent in preschool children (n = 34). Forty-two percent of the fractures (n = 101) were treated with close treatment using arch bars and splints, followed by ORIF (n = 68). The rest, 29.6% (n = 71), received conservative treatments. Postoperative complications were observed in 18.33% (n = 44) of cases, of which jaw deviation, growth disturbance, and trismus were more frequently encountered. Conclusion: Pediatric facial fractures if not managed properly can cause severe issues; therefore, injury prevention strategies should be strictly followed to reduce pediatric injuries in low socioeconomic countries.
Assessment of schoolteachers’ knowledge about management of traumatic dental injuries in Al-Madinah city, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alluqmani Faten A. , Omar Ola M. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge of primary and intermediate schoolteachers about the management of TDIs in Al-Madinah city, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: A previously validated, self-administered, anonymous, close-ended structured questionnaire was administered to schoolteachers in 13 different schools. It included two parts: basic demographic information (part one) and questions regarding the management of dental traumatic injuries (part two). Results: A total of 178 schoolteachers voluntarily completely filled in the questionnaire. Nearly 28.1% of the teachers acquired a first-aid training program and 6.2% only learned about dental injury management in first-aid training. Concerning the knowledge about the management of dental traumatic injuries, 55.1% of teachers realized the appropriate time for treatment of dental traumatic injuries. A few percentage of teachers selected correct answers for the suitable storage medium. The most commonly selected storage media were found to be cold milk, physiological saline, and patient's saliva at 14.6%, 6.7%, and 2.2%, respectively. Conclusion: The knowledge among primary and intermediate schoolteachers in the management of dental traumatic injuries is unsatisfactory.
Management preferences of deep caries in permanent teeth among dentists in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alnahwi Taleb Hussain , Alhamad Mostafa , Majeed Abdul , Nazir Muhammad Ashraf 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTObjective: To report the management preferences of deep caries in permanent teeth among dentists. Materials and Methods: This observational cross-sectional study included a convenience sample of 177 dentists selected from private and public dental clinics in different cities of the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Four clinical scenarios about the absence or presence of pain/symptoms and the risk of pulp exposure in deep caries were presented to the dentists in a pilot-tested questionnaire. Results: Most dentists (82.5%) preferred complete caries excavation when there was no risk of pulp exposure and no pain/symptom was associated with deep caries in permanent teeth. The stepwise technique was the procedure of choice reported by 57.8% of dentists when there was no pain but a risk of exposure was present. In case of no exposure risk but the presence of nonspontaneous pain (pain on thermal testing), complete caries removal was chosen by 55.9% of the respondents. Root canal treatment and stepwise caries removal were preferred by 42.4% and 38.4%, respectively, when there was a risk of exposure and nonspontaneous pain. The risk of exposure (81.4%), the progression of caries (73.4%), and treatment failure (58.8%) were the most common concerns with different caries removal techniques. The hardness was the most commonly used criterion (85.3%) followed by the color of caries (50.3%) during caries excavation. Conclusions: The majority of dentists preferred to completely remove caries in case of no risk of pulp exposure. The dentists should update their knowledge and adopt latest concepts about minimally invasive caries removal approaches.
Central giant cells lesion: Report of a conservative management
Authors: da Rosa Marina Rolo Pinheiro , de Sá Juliana Lopes , Martins Valber Barbosa , de Oliveira Marcelo Vinícius 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTCentral giant cells lesion (CGCL) is defined as a benign intraosseous destructive pathology. It is classified as aggressive or nonaggressive, depending on their clinical, imaginologic, and histological behavior. The behavior, location, and extension of the lesion added to the patient's age will determine the choice of the treatment, either surgical or clinical. Thereby, the aim of this work is to review the literature related to the CGCL, as well as to present a clinical case report of a 22-year-old female patient, affected with an injury on the left side of her jaw. After the diagnosis, it was decided to carry out a conservative treatment with intralesional injections of triamcinolone (10 mg/ml). The injections were performed once a week for 6 weeks. The progress of the patient was satisfactory, and after 4 years, it has been observed through imaging and clinical bone formation examinations with complete remission of the injury and no signs of recurrence.
Anticariogenic potential of white cheese, xylitol chewing gum, and black tea
Authors: Gul Pinar , Akgul Nilgun , Seven Nilgun 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
Objective: This study aimed to examine the effects of these foods on plaque pH and the potential development of tooth decay. Materials and Methods: Plaque pH was measured using the sampling method before and after 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, 45, and 60 min following consumption of these foods individually and after rinsing with a 10% sucrose solution. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey honestly significant difference post hoc tests (α = 0.05). Results: Although there were statistically significant differences in all test groups except the BT (P = 0.620) and sucrose + XCG (P = 0.550) groups in time, none of the participants chosen for this study were having a plaque pH value anywhere close to the critical value (pH = 5.5). Conclusion: WC, BT, and XCG are advisable as anticariogenic foods because pH values are not below critical value.
Behavioral management using sequenced treatment paradigm and audiovisual distraction during dental treatment in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Fakhruddin Kausar Sadia , ElBatawi Hisham , El-Damanhoury Hatem M. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
Objective: The present study aimed to assess behavioral management using sequenced treatment approach and audiovisual distraction (AVD) with/without video eyewear during dental procedure in children with attention defi cit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Materials and Methods: This clinical trial included 31 children (n = 21 boys; n = 10 girls), aged between 6.5 and 8.1 years, distributed into Group A (n = 17, children not on ADHD medication) and Group B (n = 14, children taking medication for ADHD symptoms). The study involved four sessions, 1 week apart. Sessions I and II included behavioral management assessment and dental screening, respectively, while participants watched cartoon movie using an AV distracter with/without a video eyewear. During Sessions III and IV, dental prophylaxis and sealants were placed on first permanent molars, respectively, for both upper and lower jaws in both the groups. During the procedure, children were distracted with AV distracter with/without a video eyewear, and the mean changes in blood oxygen saturation (SaO2) and pulse rate were recorded every 5 min. Independent samples t-test was used, assessing for significant changes in pulse rate and SaO2 during each visit in both groups. Results: Almost 95% (n = 113) of the first permanent molars showed signs of pit and fissure demineralization of varying severities, classifi ed as the International Caries Detection and Assessment System-codes 1–3. During Session IV, there were significant differences (P ≤ 0.03 and P ≤ 0.05) in mean pulse rate in both groups of children, respectively, during fissure sealants or preventive resin restoration application on their permanent molars while being distracted using AVD with video eyewear. Conclusion: Our study recommends splitting of dental visits into multiple short sessions and video eyewear distraction for optimum behavioral management during dental procedures of children with ADHD.
A comparison of microleakage in self-etch fissure sealants and conventional fissure sealants with total-etch or self-etch adhesive systems
Authors: Nahvi Azam , Razavian Alireza , Abedi Hoorieh , Charati Jamshid Yazdani 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
Objective: The present study was conducted to compare microleakage in self-etching fissure sealants and conventional fissure sealants with total-etch or self-etch adhesive systems. Settings and Design: This experimental in vitro study was conducted on 60 healthy third molars extracted from humans. The first group received Acid etch + Clinpro sealant, the second group received Acid etch + Single bond 2 + Clinpro sealant, the third group received Single bond universal (self-etching bonding) + Clinpro sealant, and the fourth group received prevent seal self-etching sealant. Materials and Methods: An incision was made on the teeth after they were immersed in methylene blue 5%. The samples were then examined under a stereomicroscope and the dye penetration rate was measured based on the Williams and Winter criteria. Statistical Analysis Used: The Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests were used for data analysis in SPSS-18 (P < 0.05). Results: Group 1 which was treated with the conventional technique (acid + fissure sealant) had the highest rate of microleakage compared to Groups 2 and 3 (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The results showed that the use of bonding results in a significant reduction in the microleakage of fissure sealants. The microleakage caused when using self-etch fissure sealant was not different from that caused by the use of the conventional method.
Determination of optimum parameters for surface roughness in CNC turning by using GRA-PCA
Authors: Rathore Suneel Kumar , Vimal Jyoti , Kasdekar Dinesh K. 
Published: June 2018

In the current research, the CNC turning operation was implemented by employing the L16 orthogonal arrays on the AA 6463 material, while the impact of the CNC turning process parameters, for instance, the feed rate, spindle speed, depth-of-cut, and coolant (dry and wet condition) are examined with a focus on two output objectives, Ra and Rz. The designed investigational outcomes are employed in GRA while the weights of the responses are calculated by using PCA. The outcome of confirmation trials exposes that GRA joined with PCA can excellently be employed to achieve the best grouping of turning factors. The output accomplishment measures viz., roughness of finished surface are estimated by defining grey relational grade and then the noteworthy contribution of factors are ascertained by ANOVA. In this examination, it was discovered that the generally significant process factor is the coolant, afterward feed rate, spindle speed and depth-of-cut on the selected response parameters.Keywords: CNC Turning, Grey relational analysis, Principal component analysis, ANOVA.
The Impact of Human Capital Development Cost on the Net Income and Dividend: An Applied Study over Jordanian Islamic Banks
Authors: Aqeel Al-Bawab Atef , Al-Rawashdeh Hani Ali Aref 
Published: June 2018

The study aimed at identifying the effect of the cost of Human capital development through training employees on the net income and dividend at Jordanian Islamic banks; three banks. The study followed the descriptive analytical approach. The financial data of published financial statements of the study population over the period (2012-2015) were brought and analyzed by mathematical modules to test the study hypotheses. The study concluded several results, the most important are: There is an effect for the cost of training employees over the pre-tax annual profit development at Jordanian Islamic banks with variant proportions. There is also an effect with variant proportions for the cost of training employees over dividend. The study recommended several recommendations; the most important was the need of Jordanian Islamic banks to disclose in their financial statements in details the cost of their human capital development.
Nodular mucinosis of the breast: A rare entity
Authors: SALMAN Andac , CINEL Leyla , TURKOZ Huseyin Kemal , AKBAS Gamze , ERGUN Tulin 
Published: June 2018

Nodular mucinosis of the breast (NMB) is an uncommondisease involving the nipple-areolar region. It usually presentswith asymptomatic, subcutaneous masses with indolent growthin women. Here, we report a 43-year-old man presented witha subcutaneous growth on the left nipple. Histopathologicalexamination confirmed the diagnosis of NMB. We report ourpatient in order to point out this rare disease and think that therecognition of of this entity is important for both clinicians andpathologists.
MOOC: valoración de un futuro
Authors: Callejo Gallego Javier , Agudo Arroyo Yolanda 
Published: June 2018

Este artículo presenta los resultados de la evaluación de experiencia de MOOC (Massive Open Online Course) ofertados desde distintas universidades en diferentes puntos de Europa, siendo cursados en más de 30 países. Internacionalidad que está en la base de este tipo de oferta de enseñanza. El análisis integra algunas de las múltiples dimensiones que se pueden evaluar de los MOOC y se lleva a cabo a partir de dos encuestas online realizadas en el primer y segundo semestre del año 2015. Se evalúa la experiencia de los MOOC integrando: aspectos relativos al perfil sociodemográfico de los estudiantes, su opinión respecto a la interacción con los pares y sus expectativas a la hora de cursar este tipo de formación. Se plantea si la expansión de este tipo de formación se corresponde con el efecto social y democratizador del conocimiento que se le atribuye a esta modalidad. El artículo plantea y observa el funcionamiento de distintas metodologías propuestas por los cursos que se analizan, con el objetivo de ofrecer una aproximación a las mejores prácticas que ayuden a configurar propuestas para el desarrollo de este tipo de cursos a distintos contextos y países concretos, y a distintas disciplinas. Destaca la estabilidad en la evaluación de las dimensiones tomadas en cuenta, especialmente de aquellas compartidas por el conjunto de los cursos. Esta estabilidad apunta a la fiabilidad de la evaluación y la propia consistencia de la valoración favorable dada a las dimensiones, habiendo obtenido un notable grado de satisfacción.