bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transformational leadership and polychronicity as antecedents of work-home boundaries
Authors: Mittal Rakesh , Bienstock Joshua E. 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to bring together leadership and boundary theories to conceptualize how transformational leadership behaviors and polychronicity might impact our life satisfaction through the boundaries we maintain around our work and home domains. It is argued that transformational behavior of the supervisor will be negatively associated with the strength of boundary that the followers construct around their home domain but will be positively associated with the boundary strength around the work domain. Additionally, it is posited that polychronicity will be negatively associated with the boundary strengths at home and at work but will be positively related with life satisfaction.

Design/methodology/approach
The concepts of leadership, polychronicity and work-home boundaries are explained, and logical arguments are presented to develop a conceptual framework incorporating these constructs.

Findings
The conceptual exploration of this study denotes that transformational leadership of supervisors would positively impact the life satisfaction of employees, directly as well as through the boundaries around their work and home domains. Specifically, transformational leadership behaviors of supervisors are expected to be associated with followers’ strong work boundaries but with weak home boundaries. At the same time, highly polychronic individuals are expected to keep weak boundaries around their work and home domains and to have higher life satisfaction.

Research limitations/implications
The conceptualization of this paper focused on constructs that have not been linked before in one framework. As such, empirical research is suggested to validate the model.

Practical implications
Understanding the antecedents of life satisfaction of employees is of crucial interest to managers at workplaces. It is suggested that managers should engage employees in co-constructing their work and home boundaries, with a view to increasing the life satisfaction of employees. Further, it seems possible that the hitherto prevalent practice of fostering strong boundaries at work may be hindering the well-being of employees.

Social implications
Variables active at workplaces, such as polychronicity, also affect the non-work domain and, thereby, the life satisfaction of employees.

Originality/value
Through this conceptualization, this paper has attempted to fill a gap in boundary management literature by linking transformational leadership of the supervisor to the work and home boundaries of the followers. This study also situates polychronicity as an important player in the work-home interface and life satisfaction of employees. This research links transformational leadership, polychronicity, boundary management and life satisfaction in one model. It thereby contributes to the leadership literature and extends the nomological network of work-non-work boundary management.
Challenges of achieving social upgrading in Bangladesh’s apparel industry
Authors: Islam Mohammad Tarikul , Stringer Christina 
Published: December 2018

PurposeDespite substantial economic upgrading, Bangladesh’s apparel industry remains confronted by claims of precarious working conditions. This paper aims to understand the challenges of achieving social upgrading and whether benefits of economic upgrading can transfer to workers and their dependents through social upgrading.Design/methodology/approachSemi-structured interviews were undertaken with 90 participants from six apparel firms in Bangladesh. The interviews were conducted following the Rana Plaza disaster.FindingsThe results suggest that social upgrading has not occurred to the same extent as economic upgrading. Social upgrading has been compromised in part, by the tiered factory system operating and a lack of governance within the lower tier firms.Research limitations/implicationsSingle country and one industry constitute the main limitations of this research. Future research could include multiple countries and industries to allow for greater generalization of findings.Originality/valueThe paper provides new insights on how social upgrading might be compromised within the global value chains context and its impact on developing country supplier firms, workers and their families.
Incidence, causes and correlates of maternal near‐miss morbidity: a multi‐centre cross‐sectional study
Authors: Oppong SA , Bakari A , Bell AJ , Bockarie Y , Adu JA , Turpin CA , Obed SA , Adanu RM , Moyer CA 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveTo explore the incidence and factors associated with maternal near‐miss.DesignCross‐sectional study with an embedded case–control study.SettingThree tertiary referral hospitals in southern Ghana.PopulationAll women admitted to study facilities with pregnancy‐related complications or for birth.MethodsAn adapted version of the WHO Maternal Near Miss Screening Tool was used to identify maternal near‐miss cases. These were compared with unmatched controls (uncomplicated deliveries) in a ratio of 1:2.Main outcome measuresIncidence of maternal near‐miss, maternal near‐miss to maternal mortality ratio, and cause of and factors associated with maternal near‐miss.ResultsOut of 8433 live births, 288 maternal near‐miss cases and 62 maternal deaths were identified. In all, 454 healthy controls were recruited for comparison. Maternal near‐miss and maternal death incidence ratios were 34.2 (95% CI 30.2–38.1) and 7.4 (95% CI 5.5–9.2) per 1000 live births, respectively with a maternal near‐miss to mortality ratio of 4.6:1. Cause of near‐miss was pre‐eclampsia/eclampsia (41.0%), haemorrhage (12.2%), maternal sepsis (11.1%) and ruptured uterus (4.2%). A major factor associated with maternal near‐miss was maternal fever within the 7 days before birth (OR 5.95, 95%CI 3.754–9.424). Spontaneous onset of labour was protective against near‐miss (OR 0.09 95% CI 0.057–0.141).ConclusionFor every maternal death, there were nearly five maternal near‐misses. Women having a fever in the 7 days before delivery were six times more likely to experience a near‐miss than women not having fever.Tweetable abstractMaternal near‐miss exceeds maternal death by 5:1, with the leading cause of maternal near‐miss was pre‐eclampsia/eclampsia.
Prospects for early childhood feeding interventions: An exploration of parent's concerns and acceptability towards social media intervention opportunities
Authors: Boswell Nikki , Byrne Rebecca , Davies Peter S.W. 
Published: December 2018

AimThe present study aims to (i) consult with parents regarding child feeding concerns, as relevant to child feeding interventions, (ii) determine parents’ willingness to participate in online and social media‐based interventions and (iii) determine differences in intervention acceptability based on geographic diversity and demographic characteristics.MethodsThree hundred thirty Australian parents of children (2.0–5.0 years) with child feeding concerns participated in an online, cross‐sectional survey. Kruskal–Wallis with Dunn's multiple‐comparison test, using Bonferroni adjustment, was used to compare differences between variables and participants characteristics (region of residence, parent age, parent education and income).ResultsAbout 53.9% of respondents were concerned about child fussy eating, with lack of time and child tantrums common barriers to addressing concerns. Respondents indicated that a combination of online platforms (websites, email, Facebook) was their preferred method of intervention participation, although, a combination of online and face‐to‐face methods also had modest preference, particularly among lower educated parents. Participants indicated that they would participate in an online intervention (participating once a week) for more than 12 weeks (42.7%), compared with only 4 weeks (participating once a week) for traditionally delivered interventions. About 32.4% of respondents said they would be concerned about their privacy in an online intervention.ConclusionsFussy eating is likely to be an appealing focus for future child feeding interventions, with strategies to address common barriers an important curriculum area. Online interventions are likely to offer an acceptable and plausible alternative to traditional interventions that are able to reach geographically diverse populations, although face‐to‐face intervention components still hold appeal.
Comprehensive Study of the Boundaries of Enterotoxin A Production and Growth of Staphylococcus aureus at Various Temperatures and Salt Concentrations
Authors: Elahi Shaheem , Fujikawa Hiroshi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus food poisoning, which is still a serious health problem worldwide, is caused by the intoxication of staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE). Among many types of SE, staphylococcal enterotoxin type A (SEA) is known to be the most responsible for S. aureus food poisoning worldwide. Several researchers have reported the modeling of growth/no growth boundaries for S. aureus with a logistic regression model. In this study, the boundaries of SEA production and S. aureus growth in broth were first performed with the logistic regression model, to evaluate the effects of environmental factors of temperature and salt. Consequently, the boundaries of SEA production and growth of S. aureus in temperature and salt concentration could be produced with the model in shaking and stationary cultures. The area where S. aureus cells would grow, but not produce SEA could be shown between the boundaries of SEA production and growth. Internal and external validations showed that the model could well describe and predict experimental results. Further, the maximum concentrations of SEA and cell population under various conditions of temperature and salt concentration were also compared between the shaking and stationary cultures. These results obtained in this study would become useful information in food industry to prevent S. aureus food poisoning outbreaks.Practical ApplicationProduction/no production of staphylococcal enterotoxin A at various temperatures and salt concentrations in shaking and stationary cultures could be estimated well with a logistic regression model. Growth/no growth of staphylococcal cells under the same conditions was also well estimated with the model. The area where S. aureus cells would grow, but not produce SEA could be shown with the model. This present analysis would provide useful information in food industry to prevent staphylococcal food poisoning outbreaks.
Loss of PTEN induces lung fibrosis via alveolar epithelial cell senescence depending on NF‐κB activation
Authors: Tian Yaqiong , Li Hui , Qiu Ting , Dai Jinghong , Zhang Yingwei , Chen Jingyu , Cai Hourong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an aging‐associated disease with poor prognosis. Currently, there are no effective drugs for preventing the disease process. The mechanisms underlying the role of alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) senescence in the pathogenesis of IPF remain poorly understood. We aimed to explore whether PTEN/NF‐κB activated AEC senescence thus resulting in lung fibrosis. First, we investigated the association between the activation of PTEN/NF‐κB and cellular senescence in lung tissues from IPF patients. As a result, decreased PTEN, activated NF‐κB and increased senescent markers (P21WAF1, P16ink4a, and SA‐β‐gal) were found in AECs in fibrotic lung tissues detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF). In vitro experiments showed increased expression levels of senescent markers and augmented senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in AECs treated with bleomycin (Blm); however, PTEN was reduced significantly following IκB, IKK, and NF‐κB activation after stimulation with Blm in AECs. AEC senescence was accelerated by PTEN knockdown, whereas senescence was reversed via NF‐κB knockdown and the pharmacological inhibition (BMS‐345541) of the NF‐κB pathway. Interestingly, we observed increased collagen deposition in fibroblasts cultured with the supernatants collected from senescent AECs. Conversely, the deposition of collagen in fibroblasts was reduced with exposure to the supernatants collected from NF‐κB knockdown AECs. These findings indicated that senescent AECs controlled by the PTEN/NF‐κB pathway facilitated collagen accumulation in fibroblasts, resulting in lung fibrosis. In conclusion, our study supports the notion that as an initial step in IPF, the senescence process in AECs may be a potential therapeutic target, and the PTEN/NF‐κB pathway may be a promising candidate for intervention.
Expectations about alcohol, cocaine, and benzodiazepine abstinence following inpatient heroin withdrawal management
Authors: Kenney Shannon R. , Anderson Bradley J. , Bailey Genie L. , Stein Michael D. 
Published: December 2018

Background and ObjectivesPolysubstance use is associated with relapse and poor treatment outcomes among people dependent on heroin. Despite the high prevalence of polysubstance use among patients detoxifying from heroin, little is known about patients’ expectations to abstain or use non‐opiate substances. The current study examined factors associated with expectations about abstaining from alcohol, cocaine, and benzodiazepines (BZDs) following heroin withdrawal management.MethodsBetween May and December of 2015, we surveyed 417 patients (71.9% male, 31.7 [±8.39] mean years old) initiating short‐term inpatient heroin withdrawal management who reported alcohol, cocaine, or BZD use in the past 30 days. We used logistic regression to evaluate the adjusted associations of background characteristics with expectations about using each substance following discharge.ResultsApproximately half of respondents reported past month alcohol (52%), cocaine (47.0%), or BZD (47.0%) use, and 25.9% reported using all three substances. Approximately half of those reporting drinking, 6.6% reporting cocaine use, and 27% of reporting BZD use expected to abstain from using that substance following heroin withdrawal. Prior opioid withdrawal was associated with a lower likelihood of expecting to stop using alcohol and BZDs, and more days of BZD use was associated with a greater likelihood of expecting to abstain from BZDs following discharge.ConclusionPersons with opioid use disorder often do not expect to stop using other substances following withdrawal management, with very few planning cocaine cessation.Scientific SignificanceInpatient heroin withdrawal programs need to address and educate patients about how polysubstance use complicates recovery from heroin use. (Am J Addict 2019;28:36–42)
The role of the sapovirus infection increased in gastroenteritis after national immunisation was introduced
Authors: Pitkänen Oskari , Vesikari Timo , Hemming‐Harlo Maria 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimThis study examined the prevalence and clinical significance of the sapovirus infection in children with acute gastroenteritis before and after the introduction of the rotavirus vaccination in Finland in 2009.MethodsWe collected 1437 stool samples from children under 16 years during three prospective hospital‐based surveillance studies of acute gastroenteritis at Tampere University Hospital, Finland. The children were seen in the emergency department (47%) or admitted to the ward (53%). Sapovirus findings from 2006 to 2008 (n = 759), before national immunisation, were compared to 2009–2011 (n = 330) and 2012–2014 (n = 348), after the national programme was launched.ResultsThe overall incidence of the sapovirus was 3.3%. It was present in 1.4% of acute gastroenteritis cases in 2006–2008 and 5.5% in the post‐vaccination years, but the absolute number did not increase. Sapoviruses mainly occurred in the winter and spring, but did not follow the prevalence of the norovirus or rotavirus. Sapovirus GI.1 and GII.1 were the most common genotypes, but the predominant strain was different each season. Many sapovirus lineages appeared during multiple seasons and reappeared later.ConclusionThe sapovirus was uncommonly and sporadically detected in children seen in the hospital for acute gastroenteritis, and its relative role increased after national immunisation was introduced.
Lenalidomide‐based response‐adapted therapy for older adults without high risk myeloma
Authors: Baz Rachid , Naqvi Syeda Mahrukh Hussnain , Lee Jae‐Hoon , Brayer Jason , Hillgruber Nancy , Fridley Brooke L. , Shain Kenneth H. , Sullivan Daniel M. , Alsina Melissa 
Published: December 2018

SummaryCombined lenalidomide and dexamethasone is a standard‐of‐care therapy for the treatment of older adults with multiple myeloma. Lenalidomide monotherapy has not been evaluated in newly diagnosed myeloma patients. We conducted a phase II study, evaluating a response‐adapted therapy for older adults newly diagnosed with multiple myeloma without high‐risk features who were ineligible for high‐dose therapy and stem cell transplant. Patients were started on single‐agent lenalidomide, and low‐dose dexamethasone was added in the event of progressive disease, in a response‐adapted approach. The primary endpoint was progression‐free survival (PFS), and the International Myeloma Working Group's uniform response criteria were used to assess response and progression. Twenty‐seven patients were enrolled, and 20 (74%) experienced a partial response or better to this response‐adapted therapy. After a median follow‐up of 69 months, the median PFS was 36 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 29·8 to not reached], and the median overall survival was 65 months (95% CI, 35·3 to not reached). Grade 3/4 adverse events were mainly haematological in nature. This response‐adapted therapy in this patient population is feasible and results in durable responses that compare favourably with concurrent lenalidomide and dexamethasone. These results should be validated in prospective studies.
B7‐H5/CD28H is a co‐stimulatory pathway and correlates with improved prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Chen Qi , Wang Jianxin , Chen Wei , Zhang Qi , Wei Tao , Zhou Yue , Xu Xingyuan , Bai Xueli , Liang Tingbo 
Published: December 2018

B7‐H5 and its cognate receptor CD28H are T lymphocyte second signaling transduction molecules. Here we aimed to explore the function of this pathway in pancreatic cancer in vitro and in vivo, and evaluated the clinical significance in 136 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma enrolled from January 2012 to February 2017 in our hospital. Surgical tumor specimens were collected for immunohistochemical staining to evaluate B7‐H5 expression. Patients’ baseline characteristics, including gender, age, tumor size, tumor location, tumor grading, clinical TNM staging, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, CA19‐9 and chemotherapy treatment, along with the subsequent follow‐up data, were documented and analyzed. When co‐cultured with T cells, pancreatic cancer PC cells with high B7‐H5 expression induced a more potent immune reaction, indicated by elevated cytokine release and increased proliferation of T lymphocytes compared with cells exhibiting low B7‐H5 expression. Xenograft pancreatic tumors derived from high B7‐H5 expression PC cells exhibited attenuated growth compared to tumors from low B7‐H5 expression cells after transfusion with T lymphocytes in immune‐deficient mice. Of the 136 PDAC tumor tissues, 93 (68.38%) were strong and 43 (31.62%) were weak B7‐H5 expression. Patients with strong B7‐H5 expression had significantly longer overall survival than those with weak expression (median: 16.5 vs 11.5 months, P = .017). TNM staging, tumor location and subsequent chemotherapy were also prognostic factors in these patients. Collectively, B7‐H5/CD28H is a co‐stimulatory signal pathway, and expression of B7‐H5 is associated with improved disease prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer.
Are children smoke‐free at home? Using wearable cameras to study children's exposure to smoking and smoking paraphernalia in private spaces
Authors: Gurtner Marcus , Gage Ryan , Thomson George , Jaine Richard , Stanley James , Smith Moira , Barr Michelle , Chambers Tim , Signal Louise 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited evidence available on the nature of children's exposure to smoking and smoking paraphernalia in private spaces (homes and cars). We aimed to evaluate the extent and nature of children's exposure to smoking in these settings using image data captured by wearable cameras.MethodsOne‐hundred and sixty‐eight children wore wearable cameras for 4 days that automatically took pictures every 7 s. Images captured in private spaces (n = 140,818) by children living in households with a smoker (n = 34) were screened for instances of smoking and smoking paraphernalia.ResultsA total of 37 incidents of smoking—four indoor, 21 outdoor, and two in‐vehicles—and 62 incidents of smoking paraphernalia were observed. Most smoking incidents in homes (21 of 33) took place outdoors.ConclusionsThe findings support health promotion efforts to make smokers more aware that smoking paraphernalia may normalize smoking for children. The methodology (wearable cameras) appears to have high utility for studying health behaviours in private spaces.
Brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Shorakae Soulmaz , Jona Eveline , de Courten Barbora , Lambert Gavin W. , Lambert Elisabeth A. , Phillips Sarah E. , Clarke Iain J. , Teede Helena J. , Henry Belinda A. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryObjectivePolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with increased obesity with a greater propensity to weight gain and a lack of sustainable lifestyle interventions. Altered brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis is a potential contributor to obesity in PCOS. BAT activity and modulation have not been studied in PCOS. This observational study explored BAT thermogenesis and its associations in women with and without PCOS.Participants and methodsCutaneous temperature was recorded from supraclavicular (indicator of BAT activity) and upper arm regions using dataloggers (SubCue, Calgary, Canada) in a cross‐sectional substudy, nested within a randomized control trial, of community‐recruited premenopausal women with (n = 47, Rotterdam diagnostic criteria) and without (n = 11) PCOS.ResultsComplete temperature data were available in 44 PCOS (mean age: 30.0 ± 6.2, mean BMI: 29.3 ± 5.5) and 11 non‐PCOS (mean age: 33.0 ± 7.0, mean BMI: 25 ± 3) women. Women with PCOS had lower supraclavicular skin temperature compared to controls overall (33.9 ± 0.7 vs 34.5 ± 1, P < 0.05) and during sleep (34.5 ± 0.6 vs 35.2 ± 0.9, P < 0.001). In the PCOS group, supraclavicular skin temperature overall and over sleep and waking hours correlated inversely with testosterone (r = −0.41 P < 0.05, r = −0.485 P < 0.01 and r = −0.450 P < 0.01 respectively). Testosterone levels explained approximately 15%, 30% and 20% of the variability in supraclavicular skin temperature overall and over sleep and waking hours in women with PCOS, respectively.ConclusionWomen with PCOS have lower BAT activity compared to controls. BAT thermogenesis is negatively associated with androgen levels in PCOS.