bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Synchronous Interprofessional Patient Safety Simulation Integrating Distance Health Professions Students
Authors: Packard Kathleen , Iverson Lindsay , Ryan-Haddad Ann , Teply Robyn , Wize Alynne , Qi Yongyue 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Increasing rates of medical errors necessitate incorporation of patient safety education for health professions students. Institutions must address the needs of both campus- and distance-based learners to meet interprofessional education (IPE) accreditation requirements. The purpose of this project was to evaluate a synchronous interprofessional patient safety simulation to train students on interprofessional teamwork and communication through recognition of patient safety and medical hazards.

Method:
Students from health care professions participated in a Haunted Hospital/Heartbreak Hospital patient hazard/medical error simulation. A total of 201 students in 41 teams, both campus and distance, participated over three semesters.

Results:

Mean Student Perceptions of Interprofessional Clinical Education-Revised (SPICE-R) scores significantly improved from 44.81 ± 3.59 to 47.08 ± 3.31 (
p
< .0001). Qualitative responses indicated that students appreciated working with other health care students through collaborative practice and recognized the importance of discipline-specific expertise.

Conclusion:

This simulation provided campus and distance learners with a collaboration opportunity that improved their perceptions of IPE.

[
J Nurs Educ.
2019;58(10):577–582.]
Photodynamic Therapy in Young Patients
Authors: Lam Andrew , Lee Henry C. , Ho Allen C. , Regillo Carl D. , McNamara J. Arch , Fineman Mitchell D. 
Published: October 2019

<H4>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE</H4>
<P>To present a consecutive case series of patients 50 years or younger who underwent photodynamic therapy (PDT) for choroidal neovascularization (CNV) from etiologies other than age-related macular degeneration.</P>
<H4>PATIENTS AND METHODS</H4> <P>Retrospective chart review of 35 consecutive eyes of 34 patients.</P>
<H4>RESULTS</H4>
<P>Visual acuity remained stable or improved in 20 of 35 eyes. Thirteen eyes with myopic degeneration had pre-treatment and post-treatment mean visual acuities of 20/100 and 20/200, respectively. Eight eyes with idiopathic CNV had an improvement of mean visual acuity from 20/200 to 20/125. Six eyes with ocular histoplasmosis displayed a stable mean visual acuity of 20/50. Of 3 eyes with angioid streaks, visual acuity remained stable in 2 eyes and declined in 1 eye. Five eyes with other etiologies all had improved vision.</P>
<H4>CONCLUSION</H4> <P>Although the current literature shows evidence that PDT is beneficial in treating CNV secondary to myopic degeneration, the evidence for etiologies such as idiopathic causes, ocular histoplasmosis, and angioid streaks is optimistic but remains unproven. Our study suggests that PDT may be beneficial in stabilizing and improving vision when treating CNV from these etiologies.</P> <P>[<CITE>Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging</CITE> 2006;37:182-189.]</P>
<H4>AUTHORS	</H4> <P>From the Retina Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.</P> <P>Accepted for publication February 26, 2006.</P> <P>Presented at the 23rd Annual Meeting of the American Society of Retina Specialists in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, July 16-20, 2005.</P> <P>Address reprint requests to Allen C. Ho, MD, Retinovitreous Associates, 910 East Willow Grove Ave., Wyndmoor, PA 19038.</P>
DNA barcodes reveal inconsistent species boundaries in Diplolepis rose gall wasps and their Periclistus inquilines (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)
Authors: Zhang Y. Miles , László Zoltán , Looney Chris , Dénes Avar-Lehel , Hanner Robert H. , Shorthouse Joseph D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRose gall wasps, Diplolepis Geoffroy (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), induce structurally distinct galls on wild roses (Rosa Linnaeus; Rosaceae), which provide gallers with food and shelter. These galls are attacked by a wide variety of micro-hymenopterans, including Periclistus Förster (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), which act as inquilines. Both Diplolepis and Periclistus are difficult to distinguish based on adult morphology, instead the structural appearance of galls is often used to distinguish species. Using the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, we tested the species boundaries and built phylogenies of both Diplolepis and Periclistus. The molecular results have largely supported the validity of species described in the literature, with notable exceptions in four species groups. Periclistus exhibits a divide between the Palaearctic and Nearctic clades, and ranges from specialists to generalists in terms of host specificity. While it is premature to enact any taxonomic changes without additional molecular markers, this incongruence between morphological and molecular data indicates these groups need taxonomic revision and gall morphology alone may be inadequate to delimit species.
TNF-Mediated Compensatory Immunity to Mycobacterium avium in the Absence of Macrophage Activation by IFN-γ
Authors: Resende Mariana , Cardoso Marcos S. , Fróis-Martins Ricardo , Borges Margarida , Jordan Michael B. , Castro António Gil , Appelberg Rui 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Granuloma formation is a hallmark of several infectious diseases, including those caused by Mycobacterium sp. These structures are composed of accumulations of inflammatory cells, and it has been shown that cytokines such as IFN-γ and TNF-α are required for granuloma assembly during M. avium infections in mice. Macrophages (MΦs) insensitive to IFN-γ (MIIG) mice have MΦs, monocytes, and dendritic cells that are unresponsive to IFN-γ. We observed that although IFN-γ−/− mice present an exacerbated infection, the same is not true for MIIG animals, where the same levels of protection as the wild-type animals were observed in the liver and partial protection in the spleen. Unlike IFN-γ−/− mice, MIIG mice still develop well-defined granulomas, suggesting that IFN-γ–mediated MΦ activation is not required for granuloma assembly. This work also shows that MIIG animals exhibit increased cell recruitment with higher CD4+ T cells numbers as well as increased IFN-γ and TNF-α expression, suggesting that TNF-α may have a role in protection and may compensate the lack of MΦ response to IFN-γ in the MIIG model. TNF-α–deficient MIIG mice (MIIG.TNF-α−/−) exhibited increased bacterial burdens when compared with MIIG mice. These results suggest that in the absence of IFN-γ signaling in MΦs, TNF-α has a protective role against M. avium.
IFN-γ–Dependent Reduction of Erythrocyte Life Span Leads to Anemia during Mycobacterial Infection
Authors: Gomes Ana Cordeiro , Moreira Ana C. , Silva Tânia , Neves João V. , Mesquita Gonçalo , Almeida Agostinho A. , Barreira-Silva Palmira , Fernandes Rui , Resende Mariana , Appelberg Rui , Rodrigues Pedro N. S. , Gomes Maria Salomé 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Anemia is a frequent and challenging complication of mycobacterial infections. We used a model of disseminated Mycobacterium avium infection in mice to investigate the mechanisms of mycobacteria-induced anemia. We found increased formation of RBC in the bone marrow and spleen of infected mice. Infection induced reticulocytosis and the premature egress of immature progenitors to the systemic circulation in an IFN-γ (IFNG)–dependent way. The newly formed RBC had reduced CD47 surface expression and a reduced life span and were phagocytosed in the liver of infected mice, increasing iron recycling in this organ. The increased engulfment and degradation of RBC was independent of IFNG sensing by macrophages. Together, our findings demonstrate that mycobacterial infection alters the formation of erythrocytes, leading to their accelerated removal from circulation and hemolytic anemia. This comprehensive elucidation of the mechanisms underlying mycobacteria-induced anemia has important implications for its efficient clinical management.
STAT4 Directs a Protective Innate Lymphoid Cell Response to Gastrointestinal Infection
Authors: Dulson Sarah J. , Watkins Emily E. , Crossman David K. , Harrington Laurie E. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are strategically positioned at mucosal barrier surfaces where they respond quickly to infection or injury. Therefore, we hypothesized that ILCs are key contributors to the early immune response in the intestine against Listeria monocytogenes. Using a modified strain of L. monocytogenes that mimics human gastrointestinal listeriosis in mice, we find ILCs to be essential for control of early replication of L. monocytogenes in the intestine as well as for restricted dissemination of bacteria to peripheral tissues. Specifically, group 1 ILCs (ILC1s) and group 3 ILCs (ILC3s) respond to infection with proliferation and IFN-γ and IL-22 production. Mechanistically, we show that the transcription factor STAT4 is required for the proliferative and IFN-γ effector response by ILC1s and ILC3s, and loss of STAT4 signaling in the innate immune compartment results in an inability to control bacterial growth and dissemination. Interestingly, STAT4 acts acutely as a transcription factor to promote IFN-γ production. Together, these data illustrate a critical role for ILCs in the early responses to gastrointestinal infection with L. monocytogenes and identify STAT4 as a central modulator of ILC-mediated protection.
Immune Sensing of Aeroallergen-Associated Double-Stranded RNA Triggers an IFN Response and Modulates Type 2 Lung Inflammation
Authors: She Li , Alanazi Hamad H. , Yan Liping , Zou Yi , Sun Yilun , Dube Peter H. , Brooks Edward G. , Barrera Gema D. , Lai Zhao , Chen Yidong , Liu Yong , Zhang Xin , Li Xiao-Dong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe innate immune sensing of allergens or allergen-associated components regulate the development of type 2 inflammatory responses. However, the underlying molecular basis by which allergens or allergen-associated components are detected by innate immune receptors remains elusive. In this study, we report that the most common aeroallergen, house dust mite (HDM), harbors a dsRNA species (HDM-dsRNA) that can activate TLR3-mediated IFN responses and counteract the development of an uncontrolled type 2 immune response. We demonstrate that the mouse strains defective in the dsRNA-sensing pathways show aggravated type 2 inflammation defined by severe eosinophilia, elevated level of type 2 cytokines, and mucus overproduction in a model of allergic lung inflammation. The inability to sense HDM-dsRNA resulted in significant increases in airway hyperreactivity. We further show that the administration of the purified HDM-dsRNA at a low dose is sufficient to induce an immune response to prevent the onset of a severe type 2 lung inflammation. Collectively, these results unveil a new role for the HDM-dsRNA/TLR3–signaling axis in the modulation of a type 2 lung inflammation in mice.
Burnout Levels and Mood States Among Athletic Training Students in Professional Master's Programs
Authors: Bryant Kaleshia , Bradney Debbie A. , Favero Domenica , Bowman Thomas G. 
Published: September 2019

Context
Professional master's athletic training students are at high risk for changes in mood state and an increase in burnout levels during an academic semester due to stressors including academic workload, clinical expectations, and/or research projects, among other factors.

Objective
To determine mood states and burnout levels among professional master's students during the middle and end of an academic semester.

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Setting
Online survey.

Patients or Other Participants
The sample consisted of first and second year professional master's students (males = 11, females = 30, age = 23.39 ± 1.44 years) who attended Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education accredited athletic training programs.

Interventions
The independent variable was time (midsemester and end of semester). We sent the link to the online survey via e-mail to program directors and asked them to forward it to all students in the professional master's programs they led.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
The dependent variables were the subsets of burnout (depersonalization [DP], personal accomplishment, and emotional exhaustion [EE]) along with the overall mood state score. We used the modified 22 item Maslach Burnout Inventory and the modified 40 item Profile of Mood States.

Results
Burnout scores from the personal accomplishment subscale of the Maslach Burnout Inventory were statistically different between the 2 time points ({\rm{\chi }}_1^2 = 5.765, P = .016) in comparison to DP ({\rm{\chi }}_1^2 = 0.027, P = .869) and EE ({\rm{\chi }}_1^2 = 1.256, P = .262). For Profile of Mood States scores, the composite total mood disturbance score was not statistically different between the 2 time points ({\rm{\chi }}_1^2 = 0.200, P = .655).

Conclusions
Our findings indicated that, as a whole, high level stressors were reported from lack of personal accomplishment. Clinically, mood states were reported to not change from midsemester to end of the semester.
Exploring the Development of a Mentoring Relationship Among Newly Credentialed Athletic Trainers
Authors: Singe Stephanie Mazerolle , Walker Stacy W. 
Published: September 2019

ContextMentorship has been identified as a primary organizational socialization tactic and has been directly associated with transition to practice.ObjectiveUnderstand how the mentoring relationship develops for the newly credentialed athletic trainer during the first year of clinical practice.DesignGrounded theory.SettingAthletic training practice settings.Patients or Other ParticipantsThirteen athletic trainers, who graduated from a professional master's program, certified between February and July of 2016, and obtained employment between July to August of 2016, participated in this study (6 female, 7 male, 26 ± 3 years; work settings included professional sports, college, secondary and middle school, and clinic). Data saturation was met.Main Outcome Measure(s)Semistructured phone interviews were conducted with all participants during 3 specific time points (3, 8, and 12 months posthire). All interviews were transcribed verbatim and coded following the steps of a grounded theory study. Credibility strategies included researcher triangulation and peer review.ResultsAll 13 participants recognized a mentor, someone who they believed serve in a mentoring capacity during their transition into clinical practice as a newly credentialed athletic trainer. The development of the mentoring relationship for the newly credentialed athletic trainer appeared to be characterized by (1) identification of a mentor who had experience and knowledge, (2) a recognition of the need to have support and continued avenues for growth as a health care professional, (3) an informal initiation of the relationship through a professional relationship by the mentee, and (4) communication that overtime was reduced in frequency.ConclusionsMentors provide career support and professional growth. Newly credentialed athletic trainers should seek out mentors who can support their continued development. The informal relationship appears to be of the greatest importance during the first few months of practice, and then once comfort and self-confidence improves, the frequency of communication is reduced.
Renoprotective effect of irbesartan in a rat model of gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity: Role of oxidative stress
Authors: Al-Kuraishy Hayder M. , Al-Gareeb Ali I. , Al-Naimi Marwa S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) is essential in renal physiology; however, disturbance of the RAS is one of the chief pathways involved in renal injury. Dysregulation of RAS may result in both glomerular and tubulointerstitial injuries through direct effects of angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 receptor. Irbesartan and other Ang II blockers have renoprotective effect through reduction of on renal inflammations. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to demonstrate the renoprotective effect of irbesartan on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats concerning the oxidative stress.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty Sprague-Dawley Male rats divided into three groups, Group I (10 rats) treated with distilled water, Group II (10 rats) treated with gentamicin, and Group III (10 rats) treated with gentamicin plus irbesartan for 12 days. Blood urea, serum creatinine, serum malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GSH), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecules (KIM-1), and cystatin-c were measured in each group.
RESULTS: Irbesartan significantly reduced blood urea, serum creatinine, serum MDA, NGAL, KIM-1, and cystatin-c P < 0.05. Irbesartan significantly increases SOD P < 0.05 without significant effect in elevation of GSH serum levels.
CONCLUSION: Irbesartan has renoprotective effect in attenuation of acute nephrotoxicity through modulation of oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity in rats.
Ecofeminismos en la práctica artística. El cuerpo como símbolo y territorio de acción
Authors: Soto Sánchez Pilar 
Published: October 2019

<p>El presente artículo expone el ecofeminismo como una corriente necesaria para la transformación hacia sociedades sostenibles, un modelo activo que unido a las prácticas artísticas se convierte en una herramienta capaz de visibilizar las raíces de la crisis socioambiental y proporcionar claves imprescindibles para la toma de conciencia. De forma breve se muestra cómo algunas propuestas artísticas basadas en los principios del ecofeminismo utilizan el cuerpo como símbolo, como territorio a explorar y como material común con el que visibilizar y denunciar la estructura defectuosa sobre la que se ha construido una sociedad patriarcal, capitalista y antropocéntrica. Ellas utilizan el cuerpo como instrumento con el que redefinir los discursos de poder y reivindicar su identidad, autonomía y libertad. Desde su práctica artística pretenden revertir sobre el imaginario y la conciencia y a su vez proponen alternativas de acción para la transformación. Las artistas que se presentan en este artículo trabajan desde el pensamiento crítico, poético y político para atacar directamente al imaginario colectivo. Desde el arte nos hacen reflexionar sobre el pasado, el presente y el futuro de la relación entre la humanidad y la naturaleza en términos de respeto, feminismo y ecología.</p>
“He wondered why a road should come to such a place”: Community and Posthumanism in Cormac McCarthy's Outer Dark
Authors: Elmore Jonathan , Elmore Rick 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
There is wide scholarly agreement that Outer Dark is, by and large, a tale whose nihilism and ambiguities offer little philosophical or anthropological insight beyond a masterful rumination on the darkly paradoxical nature of human existence. While such interpretations are compelling, a careful reading of the novel's central theme of incest shows that Outer Dark offers an alternative, productive account of human nature and community. More specifically, McCarthy's text explores the ways in which community formation requires an always violent logic of inclusion and exclusion, this logic creating the very bodies and communities it claims merely to classify. This power to create bodies and communities shows that, for McCarthy, the possibility for human difference, for humans to be something new, remains always in play. Hence, our article concludes that in the figure of Rinthy, McCarthy gives us an alternative conception of human life, a proto-posthumanism that might offer a way through the totalizing and dehumanizing structures of modern society.
Regional Patterns of Transition at Çadır Höyük in the Byzantine Period
Authors: Cassis Marica , Lauricella Anthony J. , Tardio Katie , von Baeyer Madelynn , Coleman Scott , Adcock Sarah E. , Arbuckle Benjamin S. , Smith Alexia 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Byzantine archaeological sites tend to be seen as representative of the empire as a whole, with little concern given to regional context. Within the imperial narrative that shapes Byzantine history, sites—whether urban or rural—are often used to explain and illustrate imperial trends. However, when we remove that overarching narrative, the sites in Anatolia provide the potential to view them as singular examples of local and regional identity. In this article, we have separated out four types of data: fortifications, coins, faunal material, and archaeobotanical evidence to illustrate how a close examination of the data provides new ways of understanding regional identity. In doing so, we posit that the Byzantine empire needs to be seen as a collection of local identities working alongside one another, but always expressing individual needs and resources.
Regulatory Requirements for Quality Control of Unani Medicines
Authors: Rai Nitin , Joshi Santosh Kumar , Sharma Rajeev K 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Compliance with pharmacopeial standards is mandatory to ensure the quality, safety, and efficacy of medicines. In India, allopathy, Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, and homeopathy are the recognized systems of medicine and come under the provisions of different regulations. Promulgation of the “Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940” and the rules thereunder provide a regulatory framework for medicines of all of these systems and also prescribe “Pharmacopoeia and Formularies” for regulatory quality standards. Unlike in many other countries, the Act prescribes independent pharmacopeias for each system of medicine. The Unani Pharmacopoeia of India (UPI) and the National Formulary of Unani Medicine are the regulatory compendia for quality standards and manufacturing of Unani medicines, respectively. The Pharmacopoeia consists of Part I (single drugs) and Part II (formulations). Unani medicines are presented as classical or patent and proprietary formulations prepared using single ingredients or multiple ingredients of plant, animal, mineral, and/or metal origin. UPI Part I is published in six volumes comprising 298 monographs on Unani drugs derived from plants (single drugs). Part II is published in three volumes encompassing formulations, standard operating procedures, and quality standards for 150 classical formulations of Unani medicines, which are chosen from the National Formularies of Unani Medicine. The National Formulary of Unani Medicine is published in six parts comprising 1229 formulations of Unani medicines. Each monograph of the Pharmacopoeia provides specific analytical parameters and limits (standards) to ensure the quality of drugs or medicines. This communication reviews the UPI, the National Formulary of Unani Medicine, regulatory quality standards (parameters), and analytical techniques adopted for pharmacopeial standards of Unani drugs and medicines.