bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis C late relapse in patients with directly acting antiviral‐related sustained virological response at week 12
Authors: Pisaturo Mariantonietta , Minichini Carmine , Starace Mario , Caroprese Mara , Macera Margherita , Brancaccio Giuseppina , De Pascalis Stefania , Santonicola Antonella , Galeota Lanza Alfonso , Zampino Rosa , Cotticelli Gaetano , Sagnelli Evangelista , Gaeta Giovanni Battista , Coppola Nicola 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to identify, among the patients with failure to DAA regimen, those with a late relapse (after the achievement of a sustained virological response at week 12) and to characterize the clinical, epidemiological and virological features of these patients.Material and methodsA total of 129 HCV patients with non‐response to an IFN‐free regimen were enrolled. Sanger sequencing of NS3, NS5A and NS5B was performed at failure by home‐made protocols.ResultsOf the 129 patients enrolled, 8 (6.2%) experienced a breakthrough, 15 (11.7%) non‐response, 99 (76.7%) a relapse by week 12 after the end of DAA therapy, and 7 (5.4%) a late relapse (after week 12; median 24 weeks, range 24‐72). For two of the seven patients with a late relapse, a serum sample collected before the start of the DAA regimen was available; phylogenetic analysis showed no change in sequences of NS3, NS5A and NS5B regions, suggesting a reactivation of the initial HCV strain; for the remaining five patients, no serum collected before the DAA regimen was available, and thus, a re‐infection cannot be excluded.ConclusionsAlthough a late relapse is infrequent, the study suggests a post‐treatment follow‐up of 72 weeks.
Mortality trends of liver diseases from 1981 to 2016 and the projection to 2035 in Taiwan: An age‐period‐cohort analysis
Authors: Su Shih‐Yung , Lee Wen‐Chung 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundProjections on liver diseases mortality can provide a basis for evaluating the World Health Organization's “25 by 25” goal and can help healthcare systems design appropriate control strategies. This study evaluated whether the 25 by 25 goal can be achieved in Taiwan and discussed possible future control strategies.MethodsAge‐period‐cohort models are used to estimate the mortality trends of liver diseases from 1981 to 2016 and project these trends to 2035.ResultsFor chronic liver disease and cirrhosis among men, the age‐adjusted mortality rate decreased from 1981 to 1991, increased until 1999, and subsequently decreased again until 2016. For women, the age‐adjusted mortality rate exhibited an increasing but up‐and‐down trend from 1981 to 1998 and a decreasing trend to 2016. For liver cancer among men, the age‐adjusted mortality rate exhibited an increasing trend from 1981 to 2002 and a decreasing trend to 2016. For women, the age‐adjusted mortality rate exhibited an increasing trend from 1981 to 2003 and a decreasing trend to 2016. The age‐adjusted mortality rates of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis and liver cancer for both sexes are projected to decrease by more than 30% from 2016 to 2025 and by more than 55% from 2016 to 2035.ConclusionThese results indicated that the 25 by 25 goal can be achieved for liver diseases mortality in Taiwan. In addition to viral hepatitis, the following risk factors may become the major causes of liver diseases in Taiwan in the future: alcohol and tobacco use, diabetes and obesity.
Genomic insights into the vulnerability of sympatric whitefish species flocks
Authors: Feulner Philine G. D. , Seehausen Ole 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe erosion of habitat heterogeneity can reduce species diversity directly but can also lead to the loss of distinctiveness of sympatric species through speciation reversal. We know little about changes in genomic differentiation during the early stages of these processes, which can be mediated by anthropogenic perturbation. Here, we analyse three sympatric whitefish species (Coregonus spp) sampled across two neighbouring and connected Swiss pre‐alpine lakes, which have been differentially affected by anthropogenic eutrophication. Our data set comprises 16,173 loci genotyped across 138 whitefish using restriction‐site associated DNA sequencing (RADseq). Our analysis suggests that in each of the two lakes, the population of a different, but ecologically similar, whitefish species declined following a recent period of eutrophication. Genomic signatures consistent with hybridization are more pronounced in the more severely impacted lake. Comparisons between sympatric pairs of whitefish species with contrasting ecology, where one is shallow benthic and the other one more profundal pelagic, reveal genomic differentiation that is largely correlated along the genome, while differentiation is uncorrelated between pairs of allopatric provenance with similar ecology. We identify four genomic loci that provide evidence of parallel divergent adaptation between the shallow benthic species and the two different more profundal species. Functional annotations available for two of those loci are consistent with divergent ecological adaptation. Our genomic analysis indicates the action of divergent natural selection between sympatric whitefish species in pre‐alpine lakes and reveals the vulnerability of these species to anthropogenic alterations of the environment and associated adaptive landscape.
Advances in understanding obligate biotrophy in rust fungi
Authors: Lorrain Cécile , Gonçalves dos Santos Karen Cristine , Germain Hugo , Hecker Arnaud , Duplessis Sébastien 
Published: December 2018

SummaryRust fungi (Pucciniales) are the largest group of plant pathogens and represent one of the most devastating threats to agricultural crops worldwide. Despite the economic importance of these highly specialized pathogens, many aspects of their biology remain obscure, largely because rust fungi are obligate biotrophs. The rise of genomics and advances in high‐throughput sequencing technology have presented new options for identifying candidate effector genes involved in pathogenicity mechanisms of rust fungi. Transcriptome analysis and integrated bioinformatics tools have led to the identification of key genetic determinants of host susceptibility to infection by rusts. Thousands of genes encoding secreted proteins highly expressed during host infection have been reported for different rust species, which represents significant potential towards understanding rust effector function. Recent high‐throughput in planta expression screen approaches (effectoromics) have pushed the field ahead even further towards predicting high‐priority effectors and identifying avirulence genes. These new insights into rust effector biology promise to inform future research and spur the development of effective and sustainable strategies for managing rust diseases.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi possess a CLAVATA3/embryo surrounding region‐related gene that positively regulates symbiosis
Authors: Le Marquer Morgane , Bécard Guillaume , Frei dit Frey Nicolas 
Published: December 2018

Summary

The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is a beneficial association established between land plants and the members of a subphylum of fungi, the Glomeromycotina. How the two symbiotic partners regulate their association is still enigmatic. Secreted fungal peptides are candidates for regulating this interaction.

We searched for fungal peptides with similarities with known plant signalling peptides.

We identified CLAVATA (CLV)/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION (ESR)‐RELATED PROTEIN (CLE) genes in phylogenetically distant AM fungi: four Rhizophagus species and one Gigaspora species. These CLE genes encode a signal peptide for secretion and the conserved CLE C‐terminal motif. They seem to be absent in the other fungal clades. Rhizophagus irregularis and Gigaspora rosea CLE genes (RiCLE1 and GrCLE1) are transcriptionally induced in symbiotic vs asymbiotic conditions. Exogenous application of synthetic RiCLE1 peptide on Medicago truncatula affects root architecture, by slowing the apical growth of primary roots and stimulating the formation of lateral roots. In addition, pretreatment of seedlings with RiCLE1 peptide stimulates mycorrhization.

Our findings demonstrate for the first time that in addition to plants and nematodes, AM fungi also possess CLE genes. These results pave the way for deciphering new mechanisms by which AM fungi modulate plant cellular responses during the establishment of AM symbiosis.
Spinal Cord Stimulation for Loin Pain Hematuria Syndrome: Clinical Report
Authors: Richter Bertram , Bergman Jeff , Pierre James , Tomycz Nestor D. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLoin pain hematuria syndrome (LPHS) is a rare condition characterized by cryptogenic debilitating flank pain and microscopic or macroscopic hematuria. The pathophysiology of LPHS remains poorly understood, and diagnosis is made largely by exclusion of alternate pathology. Management strategies can vary widely and include chronic opioid medication and a variety of invasive procedures, including regional nerve blocks, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, local capsaicin infusion, and surgical renal denervation. Neuromodulation may provide a new paradigm of treatment for LPHS, potentially sparing patients from long‐term complications of opiate therapy and invasive surgery. This report demonstrates the first case of successful symptomatic management of LPHS using spinal cord stimulation.
Prolonged mild disturbance of consciousness and acute encephalopathy
Authors: Kanamori Keita , Terashima Hiroshi , Anzai Mai , Ishiguro Akira , Kubota Masaya 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundAcute encephalopathy (AE) is defined by the Japanese guidelines as the acute disturbance of consciousness (Glasgow coma scale [GCS] score ≤11) that persists for >24 h. We have often encountered, however, cases of prolonged mild disturbance of consciousness (PMDC) with GCS score >11, meaning that they do not fit the guideline definition of AE. The reports of these cases have been relatively sparse, and the nosological position, prognosis, and other characteristics remain unknown. To clarify the characteristics of PMDC we compared cases of PMDC with cases of AE.MethodsThis study was a retrospective observational study at a tertiary children's hospital in Japan. We studied children with a diagnosis of AE or PMDC between January 2011 and August 2016.ResultsThirteen cases of PMDC and 19 cases of AE were identified during the study period. PMDC patients more frequently had hyponatremia (P < 0.01), paradoxical arousal response on electroencephalogram (P = 0.010), normal computed tomography (CT; P = 0.025), and normal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; P < 0.01) than the AE patients. Sequelae were more frequently observed in AE than in PMDC patients (P = 0.011).ConclusionsPMDC has different characteristics to AE with regard to hyponatremia, paradoxical arousal response, CT or MRI findings, and prognosis. Despite the differences, PMDC might also be regarded as being a milder member of the wide variety of AE and related diseases.
Profit Allocation, Decision Sequence and Compliance Aspects of Coordinating Contracts: A Retrospect
Authors: Lu Meng , Sethi Suresh , Xie Yangyang , Yan Houmin 
Published: December 2018

Coordinating contracts have been extensively researched in supply chain management. In this retrospect, we systematically review the profit allocation, decision sequence, and compliance aspects of these contracts. In addition to the existing concepts in the literature, we propose the notion of sample‐path flexibility in profit allocation. Based on precise mathematical definitions, we develop structural properties and characterize sufficient conditions for flexibility in profit allocation, sequence independence, and voluntary compliance. We also obtain sufficient conditions for coordinating supply chains involving fairness‐preferred or downside‐risk‐averse agents with sample‐path flexible and voluntary compliant contracts. We reveal that sample‐path flexible contracts must have a transaction after uncertainty is realized and that transactions both before and after uncertainty realization adds to their flexibility. With the properties and conditions in hand, we develop a 3 × 3 matrix framework of the coordination aspects within which several well‐studied supply chain contracts can be systematically classified. Furthermore, we provide the steps to design coordinating contracts with sample‐path flexibility and voluntary compliance, along with examples. Our results help in the design, evaluation, and implementation of supply chain coordinating contracts.
Quantitative assessment of rill and interrill soil erosion in Romania
Authors: Patriche Cristian Valeriu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSoil erosion is an important geomorphological process with potential negative consequences especially on land agricultural potential. Unsuitable agricultural practices may increase soil erosion, leading to rapid loss of soil fertility and decrease of crop production. It is therefore important to correctly quantify soil erosion rates in order to adapt agricultural practices and implement proper conservation measures. This study attempts to assess the rill and interrill erosion in Romania, using the Romanian soil erosion model and GIS techniques. The database includes the digital terrain model, the soil map of Romania, the land use map of Romania and the rainfall erosivity regions. The results show that the high and very high erosion risk classes include 4.1% of the Romanian territory (9,627 km2). Most of this land is present in the hilly and plateau areas (Subcarpathians, Moldavian Plateau, Getic Plateau, Western Hills, Dobrogea Plateau). The model was validated by comparison of its predictions with long‐term erosion measurements from different locations in the country. Comparison with previous non‐GIS assessments of soil erosion at national level shows that the total estimated rill and interrill erosion in our study was very close to previous estimates. Comparison with the RUSLE 2015 model computed for Europe as a whole reveals that the two models assign almost 54% of their shared area to the same erosion class, while for 39% of the territory there is one class difference between the models. The results can be used for evaluations of erosion risk at national and regional scales.
SOG1‐dependent NAC103 modulates the DNA damage response as a transcriptional regulator in Arabidopsis
Authors: Ryu Tae Ho , Go Young Sam , Choi Seung Hee , Kim Jeong‐Il , Chung Byung Yeoup , Kim Jin‐Hong 
Published: December 2018

SummaryThe plant‐specific transcription factor (TF) NAC103 was previously reported to modulate the unfolded protein response in Arabidopsis under endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Alternatively, we report here that NAC103 is involved in downstream signaling of SOG1, a master regulator for expression of DNA damage response (DDR) genes induced by genotoxic stress. Arabidopsis NAC103 expression was strongly induced by genotoxic stress and nac103 mutants displayed substantial inhibition of DDR gene expression after gamma radiation or radiomimetic zeocin treatment. DDR phenotypes, such as true leaf inhibition, root cell death and root growth inhibition, were also suppressed significantly in the nac103 mutants, but to a lesser extent than in the sog1‐1 mutant. By contrast, overexpression of NAC103 increased DDR gene expression without genotoxic stress and substantially rescued the phenotypic changes in the sog1‐1 mutant after zeocin treatment. The putative promoters of some representative DDR genes, RAD51, PARP1, RPA1E, BRCA1 and At4g22960, were found to partly interact with NAC103. Together with the expected interaction of SOG1 with the promoter of NAC103, our study suggests that NAC103 is a putative SOG1‐dependent transcriptional regulator of plant DDR genes, which are responsible for DDR phenotypes under genotoxic stress.
Definition of a Framework for Acquiring and Acquisition Subprocesses in a Collective Knowledge Processing in the Integrated Management Information System
Authors: Hernes Marcin , Nguyen Ngoc Thanh 
Published: December 2018

Efficient operation of the integrated management information systems (IMISs), especially multi-agent systems, is related to their ability to automatically process collective knowledge. On the basis of this knowledge the decision-making process is realized in the business organizations. This paper presents issues related to framework for acquiring and acquisition subprocesses in a collective knowledge of business organization processing in IMIS. The main novelty of the developed framework is the coverage of all the areas of operation of an organization. Additionally, the inter-area knowledge for automatic strategic-level decision-making has been taken into consideration. The main improvements of this framework are that it allows for processing of the whole collective knowledge of business organization and it can be directly implemented in IMIS.
A razão da(s) língua(s). Na produção de conhecimento e na Educação superior.
Authors: Celada María Teresa 
Published: December 2018

O presente artigo aborda questões relativas ao funcionamento, tanto no plano da produção de conhecimento quanto no da educação superior, da evidência segundo a qual "o inglês é a língua universal da ciência". Nesse sentido, após abordar as razões pelas quais essa vocação monolingue deve ser interrompida, traz propostas de inovação – fundamentalmente, a partir das formuladas por Hamel (2013, 2016) – focalizando a questão de que, no debate acadêmico contemporâneo, se torna fundamental refletir sobre o funcionamento da linguagem e abrir espaço para as diversas línguas nas práticas presentes nas referidas esferas.
Um mercenário alemão devora o Brasil, e nos conta
Authors: Ab’Sáber Tales 
Published: December 2018

C. Schlichthorst, um dos viajantes europeus que nomearam o Brasil dos primeiros tempos em suas memórias de viajem ao país, entre 1824 e 1826, reconheceu elementos sociais importantes da formação escravocrata brasileira e deu formulação direta, reflexiva e quase realista para a experiência do Brasil, de um modo que os próprios brasileiros levariam mais de meio século para se aproximar daquela natureza de forma literária e sua produção de sujeito e vida social. Sua escritura moderna informa o que o país sempre quis esconder e revela que o atraso e a diferença econômica da nação pós-colonial era também um cuidadoso e cultivado “atraso simbólico” sobre a experiência da sua própria vida.
À sombra da casa-grande: patriarcado, loucura e ressentimento em "Fogo morto"
Authors: Rufinoni Simone Rossinetti 
Published: December 2018

Resumo: O romance Fogo morto, de José Lins do Rego, foca três vozes dilaceradas entre a decadência do patriarcado e a promessa da modernidade. Os protagonistas estão à mercê da presença sufocante da casa-grande que domina a obra de modo objetivo e metafórico. Os espaços da narrativa – a casa-grande, o casebre e a vila – articulam-se formalmente aos dramas encenados, permitindo refletir acerca da predominância da esfera da família, o espaço privado, diante da difícil conquista do espaço público, local por excelência do homem livre. Em face do impasse encenado, tanto a esfera da dependência, marcada pelas tentativas falhadas de emancipação; quanto a esfera do poder, aferrada à aristocracia rural ruinosa, estarão sujeitas aos modos da loucura e do ressentimento.
Palavras-chave: Fogo Morto, José Lins do Rego, patriarcado, espaço privado e espaço público, loucura.
Tristes Trópicos/trópicos tristes: o olhar de fora
Authors: Roncari Luiz Dagobert 
Published: December 2018

Falarei aqui sobre minha tentativa de cruzar o olhar de fora de Lévi-Strauss sobre o Brasil e o mundo não-europeu, trópicos, com o meu olhar de dentro sobre o seu livro, Tristes Trópicos. Algumas datas são importantes para contextualizar o que irei expor: 1935-39, anos das duas vindas de Lévi-Strauss ao país, quando ele realiza também as duas expedições junto aos índios do Mato Grosso: cadiuéus, bororos, nambiquaras, mondés; 1954-55, quando ele escreve e publica o livro, cujas condições objetivas e subjetivas foram muito bem expostas por Emmanuelle Loyer (Lévi-Strauss, 2018, pp. 377), livro fundamental para o estudo do autor e sua obra; e 2018, ano desta reflexão e conferência, num momento em que tudo o que tinha alguma solidez nas nossas ciências humanas e no país parecia estar se desmanchando no ar. Esse é um sentimento que Lévi-Strauss já prenunciava e o livro também pode ser visto como um sintoma de seu mal-estar. No título, o adjetivo, tristes, antecede o substantivo, trópicos, de modo que o julgamento conclusivo do que foi visto ganhava maior importância do que o objeto: uma variedade geográfica e cultural enorme, que ia do extremo Oriente às Américas. Eu experimentei a sua inversão, antecedendo o substantivo, os lugares, com o objetivo de verificar se o estado anímico conclusivo que ele provocava no etnólogo, que o apreciava a partir de um olhar europeu, era um fato de permanência, estrutural, ou só transitório.
Association Between Driving Distance From Nearest Fire Station and Survival of Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Hansen Steen M. , Hansen Carolina Malta , Fordyce Christopher B. , Dupre Matthew E. , Monk Lisa , Tyson Clark , Torp‐Pedersen Christian , McNally Bryan , Vellano Kimberly , Jollis James , Granger Christopher B. ,   the CARES Surveillance Group
Published: December 2018

Background

Firefighter first responders dispatched in parallel with emergency medical services (
EMS
) personnel for out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrests (
OHCA
) can provide early defibrillation to improve survival. We examined whether survival following first responder defibrillation differed according to driving distance from nearest fire station to
OHCA
site.

Methods and Results

From the
CARES
(Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival) registry, we identified non‐
EMS
witnessed
OHCA
s of presumed cardiac cause from 2010 to 2014 in Durham, Mecklenburg, and Wake counties, North Carolina. We used logistic regression to estimate the association between calculated driving distances (≤1, 1–1.5, 1.5–2, and >2 miles) and survival to hospital discharge following first responder defibrillation compared with defibrillation by
EMS
personnel. In total, 5020
OHCA
s were included in the study. First responders more often applied the first automated external defibrillators at the shortest distances (≤1 mile) versus longest distances (>2 miles) (53.4% versus 46.6%, respectively,
P
<0.001). When compared with
EMS
defibrillation, first responder defibrillation within 1 mile and 1 to 1.5 miles of the nearest fire station was associated with increased survival to hospital discharge (odds ratio 2.01 [95% confidence interval 1.46–2.78] and odds ratio 1.61 [95% confidence interval 1.10–2.35], respectively). However, at the longest distances (1.5–2.0 and >2.0 miles), survival following first responder defibrillation did not differ from
EMS
defibrillation (odds ratio 0.77 [95% confidence interval 0.48–1.21] and odds ratio 0.97 [95% confidence interval 0.67–1.41], respectively).

Conclusions

Shorter driving distance from nearest fire station to
OHCA
location was associated with improved survival following defibrillation by first responders. These results suggest that the location of first responder units should be considered when organizing prehospital systems of
OHCA
care.