bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metal–Organic Frameworks Encapsulating Active Nanoparticles as Emerging Composites for Catalysis: Recent Progress and Perspectives
Authors: Li Guodong , Zhao Shenlong , Zhang Yin , Tang Zhiyong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBeyond conventional porous materials, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have aroused great interest in the construction of nanocatalysts with the characteristics of catalytically active nanoparticles (NPs) confined into the cavities/channels of MOFs or surrounded by MOFs. The advantages of adopting MOFs as the encapsulating matrix are multifold: uniform and long‐range ordered cavities can effectively promote the mass transfer and diffusion of substrates and products, while the diverse metal nodes and tunable organic linkers may enable outstanding synergy functions with the encapsulated active NPs. Herein, some key issues related to MOFs for catalysis are discussed. Then, state‐of‐the art progress in the encapsulation of catalytically active NPs by MOFs as well as their synergy functions for enhanced catalytic performance in the fields of thermo‐, photo‐, and electrocatalysis are summarized. Notably, encapsulation‐structured nanocatalysts exhibit distinct advantages over conventional supported catalysts, especially in terms of the catalytic selectivity and stability. Finally, challenges and future developments in MOF‐based encapsulation‐structured nanocatalysts are proposed. The aim is to deliver better insight into the design of well‐defined nanocatalysts with atomically accurate structures and high performance in challenging reactions.
Large and Ultrastable All‐Inorganic CsPbBr3 Monocrystalline Films: Low‐Temperature Growth and Application for High‐Performance Photodetectors
Authors: Yang Zheng , Xu Qian , Wang Xiandi , Lu Junfeng , Wang Hui , Li Fangtao , Zhang Li , Hu Guofeng , Pan Caofeng 
Published: September 2018

AbstractStability is a key problem that hinders the practical application of lead halide perovskite. Therefore, all‐inorganic perovskite CsPbX3 monocrystalline films are urgently needed to fabricate photoelectric devices. Herein, a low‐temperature and substrate‐independent growth method is demonstrated to grow millimeter‐level inorganic perovskite monocrystalline thin films. These films present good optical and electrical properties comparable to bulk ones. What is more, they exhibit excellent long‐term stability toward humidity and thermal treatment. The as‐grown CsPbBr3 monocrystalline films are then fabricated into photodetectors with high photodetection performance. These results demonstrate that the CsPbBr3 monocrystalline films have potential in fabricating high‐performance optoelectronic devices.
Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells Using Low‐Cost Aniline‐Based Enamine Hole‐Transporting Materials
Authors: Vaitukaityte Deimante , Wang Zhiping , Malinauskas Tadas , Magomedov Artiom , Bubniene Giedre , Jankauskas Vygintas , Getautis Vytautas , Snaith Henry J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMetal‐halide perovskites offer great potential to realize low‐cost and flexible next‐generation solar cells. Low‐temperature‐processed organic hole‐transporting layers play an important role in advancing device efficiencies and stabilities. Inexpensive and stable hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) are highly desirable toward the scaling up of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, a new group of aniline‐based enamine HTMs obtained via a one‐step synthesis procedure is reported, without using a transition metal catalyst, from very common and inexpensive aniline precursors. This results in a material cost reduction to less than 1/5 of that for the archetypal spiro‐OMeTAD. PSCs using an enamine V1091 HTM exhibit a champion power conversion efficiency of over 20%. Importantly, the unsealed devices with V1091 retain 96% of their original efficiency after storage in ambient air, with a relative humidity of 45% for over 800 h, while the devices fabricated using spiro‐OMeTAD dropped down to 42% of their original efficiency after aging. Additionally, these materials can be processed via both solution and vacuum processes, which is believed to open up new possibilities for interlayers used in large‐area all perovskite tandem cells, as well as many other optoelectronic device applications.
Atomic Modulation and Structure Design of Carbons for Bifunctional Electrocatalysis in Metal–Air Batteries
Authors: Huang Yiyin , Wang Yueqing , Tang Cheng , Wang Jun , Zhang Qiang , Wang Yaobing , Zhang Jintao 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWith the extensive research and development of renewable energy technologies, there is an increasing interest in developing metal‐free carbons as a new class of bifunctional electrocatalysts for boosting the performance of metal–air batteries. Along with significant understanding of the electrocatalytic nature and the rapid development of techniques, the activities of carbon electrocatalysts are well‐tailored by introducing particular dopants/defects and structure regulation. Herein, the recent advances regarding the rational design of carbon‐based electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction are summarized, with a special focus on the bifunctional applications in Zn–air and Li–air batteries. Specifically, the atomic modulation strategies to regulate the electrocatalytic activities of carbons and structure modification are summarized to gain deep insights into bifunctional mechanisms and boost advanced Zn–air and Li–air batteries. The current challenges and future perspectives are also addressed to accelerate the exploration of promising bifunctional carbon catalysts for renewable energy technologies, particularly metal–air batteries.
Solid‐State TICT‐Emissive Cruciform: Aggregation‐Enhanced Emission, Deep‐Red to Near‐Infrared Piezochromism and Imaging In Vivo
Authors: Zhang Yujian , Zhang Jianxu , Shen Jiahao , Sun Jingwei , Wang Kai , Xie Zhigang , Gao Huiwen , Zou Bo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNear‐infrared piezochromic materials presenting fluorescence responses with clear color differences and good penetrability have important potential applications, but a few such organic compounds are developed. Twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) emission is versatile in solutions, especially for preparing bio/chem‐sensing materials due to the excellent sensitivity of the emission to alterations in the external environment. By analogy, the solid‐state TICT‐emissive chromophores are probably excellent candidates for the environmentally responsive material. Herein, X‐shaped π architectures that exhibit solid‐state TICT emission are developed, and their luminescent chromism and bioimaging properties are investigated. Initially, the cruciform fluorophore exhibits anomalous aggregation‐enhanced emission (AEE) and dual emission due to the existence of a TICT state. Interestingly, TICT emission is observed even in the aggregated state because the spacious environment around the bulky triphenylamine allows for rotation. During the compression process, the TICT‐based fluorophore demonstrates deep‐red to near‐infrared piezochromic behavior with a remarkable redshift (162 nm) and high sensitivity (15.1 nm GPa−1). The bioimaging performance of the TICT‐emissive dye suggests its potential utility as a fluorescent probe for biological applications.
Vectorial Fluorescence Emission from Microsphere Coupled to Gold Mirror
Authors: Vasista Adarsh B. , Tiwari Sunny , Sharma Deepak K. , Chaubey Shailendra K. , Kumar G. V. Pavan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe generation and momentum space distribution of fluorescence emission from individual SiO2 microsphere on dye‐coated Au mirror are reported here. The molecular fluorescence emission mediated via whispering gallery modes of the sphere is studied using polarization‐resolved optical energy–momentum microspectroscopy. The experiments of this study reveal intensity dependence of split modes of the cavity as a function of in‐plane wavevector and emission polarization in the far field. The exotic far‐field distribution can be understood by sphere–image sphere model that further reveals the polarization dependence of the split modes. The presented results reveal the potential of metallo‐dielectric soft microcavities to engineer molecular emission that can encode spin and orbital angular momentum states and can be further extrapolated to realize dye‐loaded active meta‐atoms and meta‐surfaces.
High‐Flux High‐Selectivity Metal–Organic Framework MIL‐160 Membrane for Xylene Isomer Separation by Pervaporation
Authors: Wu Xiaocao , Wei Wan , Jiang Jianwen , Caro Jürgen , Huang Aisheng 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSeparation of p‐xylene (kinetic diameter ca. 0.58 nm) from its bulkier isomers (o‐xylene and m‐xylene, ca. 0.68 nm) is challenging, but important in the petrochemical industry. Herein, we developed a highly selective and stable metal–organic framework (MOF) MIL‐160 membrane for selective separation of p‐xylene from its isomers by pervaporation. The suitable pore size (0.5∼0.6 nm) of the MIL‐160 membrane selectively allows p‐xylene to pass through, while excluding the bulkier o‐xylene and m‐xylene. For the separation of equimolar binary p‐/o‐xylene mixtures at 75 °C, high p‐xylene flux of 467 g m−2 h−1 and p‐/o‐xylene selectivity of 38.5 could be achieved. The stability of MIL‐160, ensured the separation performance of the MIL‐160 membrane was unchanged over a 24 h measurement. The high separation performance combined with its high thermal and chemical stability makes the MIL‐160 membrane a promising candidate for the separation of xylene isomers.
La doped barium titanate/polyimide nanocomposites: A study of the effect of La doping and investigation on thermal, mechanical and high dielectric properties
Authors: Kumari Anuradha , Ghosh Barnali Dasgupta 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTThis manuscript describes the enhanced dielectric properties of lanthanum doped barium titanate nanoparticles and Ba0.993La0.007TiO3 (BTL)/polyimide (PI) nanocomposites. A series of La doped barium titanate, Ba(1–x)La
xTiO3 where x = 0.0, 0.003, 0.005, and 0.007, were synthesized by sol–gel method. Frequency and temperature dependent dielectric constants were evaluated and the highest dielectric constant value (34363) was obtained for BTL at 1 Hz frequency. The Curie temperature of the ceramics was obtained in the range of 120–135 °C. The nanocomposites were prepared by adding 0–5 wt% BTL in poly(amic)acid by solution‐casting method and characterized thoroughly. The nanocomposites showed high thermal stability upto 524 °C with good mechanical properties. The frequency and temperature dependent dielectric constant values of nanocomposites were increased with the increase in BTL content. The highest dielectric constant value 25.05 was obtained for 5 wt% BTL/PI nanocomposite, which was about 7.75 times greater than that of the pure PI. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46826.
A new‐style poly(vinyl alcohol) gel prepared by automatic hydrolysis of poly(vinyl acetate) emulsion
Authors: Li Yuanpeng , Deng Jianguo , Zhang Junhua 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTTotally different from traditional poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) gel preparation methods, a new‐style PVA gel was prepared by automatic hydrolysis of a poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) emulsion during storage. First, a PVAc emulsion was obtained using potassium persulfate and sodium bisulfite as redox initiators in the presence of ferrous chloride. Ferrous chloride is helpful for reducing the redox polymerization temperature. The PVAc emulsion was sealed in a bottle for storage at room temperature. As time went on, it was found that a gel was slowly formed during the storage process. Research showed that a hydrolysis reaction slowly occurs and a crosslinked structure forms, and finally a PVA gel can be obtained. The mechanism for the formation of PVA gel was carefully investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and NMR. It was found that ferrous chloride has an important role not only in reducing the polymerization temperature, but also in catalyzing the automatic hydrolysis process of PVAc to form the PVA gel in this system. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46853.
Crystallinity and morphology of barium titanate filled poly(vinylidene fluoride) nanocomposites
Authors: Gong X. , Chen Y. , Tang C.‐Y. , Law W.‐C. , Chen L. , Wu C. , Hu T. , Tsui G. C. P. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTIn this study, crystallization behavior and micromorphology of barium titanate (BaTiO3, or BT) filled poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanocomposites were investigated based on Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), polarized optical microscopy (POM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X‐ray diffractometry (XRD). BT/PVDF nanocomposite films with different concentrations of BT nanoparticles were prepared by solution casting method. The results revealed that the electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient of PVDF were improved by the incorporation BT nanoparticles. When 2 wt % of BT was loaded into the PVDF matrix, it mediated the β‐phase crystallization in PVDF. Furthermore, the β‐phase crystals could be transformed into α‐phase after the samples were isothermally crystallized at 155 °C for 20 min. The results of DSC and POM suggest that BT nanoparticles could act as nucleation agents, promoting the crystallization activity of PVDF in a nonisothermal crystallization process. The crystal phase is influential to the electrical properties of PVDF, therefore the findings of this study are useful for the development of new applications based on BT/PVDF nanocomposites, such as high‐performance thermoelectric devices or systems. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2018,135, 46877.
Structure and solubility of chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) prepared by a gas–solid phase method
Authors: Yang Lu , Wang Juncheng , Luo Lizhong , Li Shifen , Zhao Jiruo , Feng Ying 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTHere, we modified the chlorination of a poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) through a gas–solid phase method to prepare a highly soluble chlorinated PVC (CPVC). The structure of the CPVC was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, hydrogen‐1 nuclear magnetic resonance, gel permeation chromatography, and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and the effects of molecular structure [gel content and vinylidene chloride (CCl2) molecular weight and distribution] on the solubility of CPVC were investigated. Results showed that molecular structures, such as CCl2, double bond, gel, molecular weight, and distribution had an effect on solubility, and the solubility of CPVC decreased with the increase in CCl2 content, number of double bonds, amount of gel, molecular weight, and distribution. The greater the degree of Inhomogeneous chlorination PVC particles or hydrochloride removal on the molecular chain is, the worse the solubility of CPVC is. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46880.
Inhibition of silkworm vacuolar‐type ATPase activity by its inhibitor Bafilomycin A1 induces caspase‐dependent apoptosis in an embryonic cell line of silkworm
Authors: Tan Xiao‐Yin , Wang Xin , Liu Qing‐Song , Xie Xiao‐Qian , Li Yi , Li Bing‐Qian , Li Zhi‐Qing , Xia Qing‐You , Zhao Ping 
Published: September 2018

AbstractVacuolar‐type ATPase (V‐ATPase) is a type of hydrogen ion transporter located in the vesicular membrane‐like system, which mediates active transport and intracellular acidification in various compartments. In mammals, V‐ATPase has been reported to play a key role in cell proliferation and apoptosis. The studies of V‐ATPase in silkworm mainly focus on the acidification regulation of midgut and silk gland and immune resistance. However, there are few reports about the function of silkworm V‐ATPase on cell proliferation, autophagy, and apoptosis. Thus, the function of V‐ATPase in a cell line of Bombyx mori (BmE) was investigated by treating the cell line with bafilomycin A1, a specific inhibitor of V‐ATPase. Cell counting kit 8 (CCK8) and flow cytometry analysis showed that bafilomycin A1 treatment decreased the cell proliferation activity, affected the cell cycle progression and induced cell apoptosis. LysoTracker Red staining showed that the target of bafilomycin A1 is lysosome. The expression of all autophagy‐related genes (
BmATG5,
BmATG6, and
BmATG8) decreased, indicating that cell autophagy was inhibited. The analysis of the apoptosis pathway demonstrated that inhibiting the activity of V‐ATPase of BmE cells could promote mitochondria to release cytochrome C, inhibit the expression of
BmIAP, and activate the caspase cascade to induce apoptosis. All these findings systematically illustrate the effects of V‐ATPase on the proliferation, autophagy, and apoptosis in BmE cells, and provide new ideas and a theoretical basis for further study on the function of V‐ATPase in BmE.
HIV‐1 Tat‐induced bystander apoptosis in Jurkat cells involves unfolded protein responses
Authors: Campestrini Jéssica , Silveira Douglas Bardini , Pinto Aguinaldo Roberto 
Published: September 2018

The HIV transactivator protein (Tat) is a multifunctional protein that plays a critical role in viral replication and contributes to several pathological symptoms of HIV‐1 infection, which has the loss of CD4+ T lymphocytes as one of its hallmark features. It has been shown that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, including viral infections, is implicated in cellular dysfunction and cell death through activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Here, we demonstrate that the bystander stimulus of Tat on Jurkat cells resulted in time‐dependent overexpression of major UPR markers including ER chaperone BiP, ER stress sensors ATF6, PERK, and IRE1, as well as an increase in levels of downstream mediators eIF2α, ATF4, XBP‐1, and proapoptotic factors CHOP, GADD34, and BIM. This upregulation of UPR mediators was accompanied by decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis as evidenced by blue trypan dye exclusion and flow cytometry assays, respectively. Furthermore, we found that the Tat‐associated apoptosis of Jurkat cells led to the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and caspase‐12 and ‐3 activation. Taken together, these results suggest that the exposure of HIV‐1 Tat leads to ER stress/UPR triggering which in turn contributes to apoptotic death in Jurkat cells.Significance of the studyIn the present work, we provide a substantial insight into the link between ER impairment and apoptotic death following a bystander HIV Tat stimulus, revealing an underlying ER‐mediated apoptotic mechanism which could explain the continuous depletion of uninfected CD4+ T lymphocytes observed in HIV‐related disease. Our findings reinforce the relevance of ER stress molecular responses in the course of HIV infection and may afford valuable information for the development of new therapeutic strategies to avoid CD4+ T lymphocyte loss and other disorders induced by circulant Tat.
Catalytic Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Mannich Addition of TosMIC to Ketimines
Authors: Franchino Allegra , Chapman Jack , Funes‐Ardoiz Ignacio , Paton Robert S. , Dixon Darren J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractChiral amines bearing a stereocenter in the α position are ubiquitous compounds with many applications in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical sectors, as well as in catalysis. Catalytic asymmetric Mannich additions represent a valuable method to access such compounds in enantioenriched form. This work reports the first enantio‐ and diastereoselective addition of commercially available p‐toluenesulfonylmethyl isocyanide (TosMIC) to ketimines, affording 2‐imidazolines bearing two contiguous stereocenters, one of which is fully‐substituted, with high yields and excellent stereocontrol. The reaction, catalyzed by silver oxide and a dihydroquinine‐derived N,P‐ligand, is broad in scope, operationally simple, and scalable. Derivatization of the products provides enantioenriched vicinal diamines, precursors to NHC ligands and sp3‐rich heterocyclic scaffolds. Computations are used to understand catalysis and rationalize stereoselectivity.
Design, Synthesis, and SAR Studies of Heteroarylpyrimidines and Heteroaryltriazines as CB2R Ligands
Authors: Qian Hai‐Yan , Wang Zhi‐Long , Chen Li‐Li , Pan You‐Lu , Xie Xiao‐Yu , Xie Xin , Chen Jian‐Zhong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHerein we describe the design and synthesis of a new series of heteroarylpyrimidine/heteroaryltriazine derivatives on the basis of quinazoline‐2,4(1H,3H)‐diones as CB2R‐selective ligands using a bioisosterism strategy. An acetamide group was explored to displace the enamine linker of the lead compound for the purpose of stereoisomerism elimination and hydrophilicity increase. As a result, some of the synthesized compounds showed high bioactivity and selectivity for CB2R in calcium mobilization assays, and four displayed CB2R agonist activity, with EC50 values below 30 nm. The compound exhibiting the highest agonist activity toward CB2R (EC50=7.53±3.15 nm) had a selectivity over CB1R of more than 1328‐fold. Moreover, structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies indicated that the substituents on the nucleus play key roles in the functionality of a ligand, with one such example demonstrating CB2R antagonist activity. Additionally, molecular docking simulations were conducted with the aim of better understanding of these new derivatives in relation to the structural requirements for agonists/antagonists binding to CB2R.
Antibody Fragment and Affibody ImmunoPET Imaging Agents: Radiolabelling Strategies and Applications
Authors: Fu Ruisi , Carroll Laurence , Yahioglu Gokhan , Aboagye Eric O. , Miller Philip W. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAntibodies have long been recognised as potent vectors for carrying diagnostic medical radionuclides, contrast agents and optical probes to diseased tissue for imaging. The area of ImmunoPET combines the use of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with antibodies to improve the diagnosis, staging and monitoring of diseases. Recent developments in antibody engineering and PET radiochemistry have led to a new wave of experimental ImmunoPET imaging agents that are based on a range of antibody fragments and affibodies. In contrast to full antibodies, engineered affibody proteins and antibody fragments such as minibodies, diabodies, single‐chain variable region fragments (scFvs), and nanobodies are much smaller but retain the essential specificities and affinities of full antibodies in addition to more desirable pharmacokinetics for imaging. Herein, recent key developments in the PET radiolabelling strategies of antibody fragments and related affibody molecules are highlighted, along with the main PET imaging applications of overexpressed antigen‐associated tumours and immune cells.
Anisotropic Assembly during Heat‐Up: The Early Stage Hydrothermal Synthesis of TiO2 from a Complexed Precursor
Authors: Hinterberger Stephan , Tscheließnig Rupert , Jungbauer Alois 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHydrothermal synthesis is a widely used technique for the production of TiO2 in various shapes in several industries. In the hydrothermal synthesis of TiO2 from a complexed precursor, the processes that occur during the heat‐up phase are not fully understood, especially those factors that affect the size and morphology of crystals. Here we report an in situ small angle x‐ray scattering analysis to gain insights into the mechanism of early‐stage hydrothermal synthesis of TiO2 from a complexed precursor. We observed that the precursor molecules form elongated cuboid‐like shapes before they assemble and form the crystal nucleus. One of the edges grows with an exponential behaviour as a function of temperature, while the other two edges remain small. In the following stage, the precursor rods form a characteristic association with a fractal dimension of 2.0 to 2.2. In this stage small particles start to form very slowly within the preformed structures.