bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Presynaptic cannabinoid CB2 receptors modulate [3H]‐Glutamate release at subthalamo‐nigral terminals of the rat
Authors: Sánchez‐Zavaleta Rodolfo , Cortés Hernán , Avalos‐Fuentes José Arturo , García Ubaldo , Segovia Vila José , Erlij David , Florán Benjamín 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRecent studies suggested the expression of CB2 receptors in neurons of the CNS, however, most of these studies have only explored one aspect of the receptors, i.e., expression of protein, messenger RNA, or functional response, and more complete studies appear to be needed to establish adequately their role in the neuronal function. Electron microscopy studies showed the presence of CB2r in asymmetric terminals of the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), and its mRNA appeared is expressed in the subthalamic nucleus. Here, we explore the expression, source, and functional effects of such receptors by different experimental approaches. Through PCR and immunochemistry, we showed mRNA and protein for CB2rs in slices and primary neuronal cultures from subthalamus. GW833972A, GW405833, and JHW 133, three CB2r agonists dose‐dependent inhibited K+‐induced [3H]‐Glutamate release in slices of SNr, and the two antagonist/inverse agonists, JTE‐907 and AM630, but not AM281, a CB1r antagonist, prevented GW833972A effect. Subthalamus lesions with kainic acid prevented GW833972A inhibition on release and decreased CB2r protein in nigral synaptosomes, thus nigral CB2rs originate in subthalamus. Inhibition of [3H]‐Glutamate release was PTX‐ and gallein‐sensitive, suggesting a Giβγ‐mediated effect. P/Q Ca2+‐type channel blocker, ω‐Agatoxin‐TK, also inhibited the [3H]‐Glutamate release, this effect was occluded with GW833972A inhibition, indicating that the βγ subunit effect is exerted on Ca2+channel activity. Finally, microinjections of GW833972A in SNr induced contralateral turning. Our data showed that presynaptic CB2rs inhibit [3H]‐Glutamate release in subthalamo‐nigral terminals by P/Q‐channels modulation through the Giβγ subunit and suggested their participation in motor behavior.
Antitumor activity of RT2 peptide derived from crocodile leukocyte peptide on human colon cancer xenografts in nude mice
Authors: Maraming Pornsuda , Klaynongsruang Sompong , Boonsiri Patcharee , Maijaroen Surachai , Daduang Sakda , Chung Jing‐Gung , Daduang Jureerut 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRT2, derived from the leukocyte peptide of Crocodylus siamensis, can kill human cervical cancer cells via apoptosis induction, but no evidence has shown in vivo. In this study, we investigated the antitumor effect of RT2 on human colon cancer xenografts in nude mice. Twenty‐four mice were injected subcutaneously with human colon cancer HCT 116 cells. Eleven days after cancer cell implantation, the mice were treated with intratumoral injections of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or RT2 (0.01, 0.1, and 1 mg/mouse) once every 2 days for a total of 5 times. The effect of a 10‐day intratumoral injection of RT2 on body weight, biochemical, and hematological parameters in BALB/c mice showed no significant difference between the groups. Tumor volume showed a significant decrease only in the treatment group with RT2 (1 mg/mouse) at day 6 (P < .05), day 8 (P < .01), and day 10 (P < .01) after the first treatment. The protein expression levels of cleaved poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP), apoptosis‐inducing factor (AIF), and the p53 tumor suppressor protein (p53) in xenograft tumors increased after treatment with RT2 (1 mg/mouse) compared to those in the PBS‐injected group. Moreover, RT2 increased the expression of Endo G and Bcl‐2 family proteins. Therefore, the peptide RT2 can inhibit tumor growth via the induction of apoptosis in an in vivo xenograft model.
Documenting the state of adaptation for the global stocktake of the Paris Agreement
Authors: Tompkins Emma L. , Vincent Katharine , Nicholls Robert J. , Suckall Natalie 
Published: July 2018

Article 7, paragraph 14 of the Paris Agreement to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change commits Parties to create a five yearly assessment of observed adaptation to track progress and enable appropriate future commitments through the Nationally Determined Contributions and National Adaptation Plans. No large‐scale study exists that shows the types of adaptation, the spatial distribution of types of adaptation, and the numbers of people engaging in that adaptation. To address this gap, and to feed into debates about the modalities for the global stocktake, in this paper we propose a new “stocktaking” approach to document the spectrum and prevalence of observed adaptation over large scales. The four‐step stocktaking approach focuses on: (a) obtaining consensus on the objectives of adaptation; (b) agreeing the sources of evidence; (c) agreeing the search method; and (d) categorizing the adaptations. By focusing on documenting rather than evaluating adaptation, the simple approach avoids some of the adaptation heuristic traps. With guidance to countries on how to operationalize, this approach could improve the transparency of adaptation data collection and analysis, ensure comparability of findings across space and time, and inform the Adaptation Communications (Article 7.10)—a prerequisite to strengthening future ambition commitments within the Paris Agreement.This article is categorized under:

Policy and Governance > International Policy Framework
Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Institutions for Adaptation
Eukaryotic cell dynamics from crawlers to swimmers
Authors: Othmer H. G. 
Published: July 2018

Movement requires force transmission to the environment, and motile cells are robustly, though not elegantly, designed nanomachines that often can cope with a variety of environmental conditions by altering the mode of force transmission used.a As with humans, the available modes range from momentary attachment to a substrate when crawling, to shape deformations when swimming, and at the cellular level this involves sensing the mechanical properties of the environment and altering the mode appropriately. While many types of cells can adapt their mode of movement to their microenvironment (ME), our understanding of how they detect, transduce and process information from the ME to determine the optimal mode is still rudimentary. The shape and integrity of a cell is determined by its cytoskeleton (CSK), and thus the shape changes that may be required to move involve controlled remodeling of the CSK. Motion in vivo is often in response to extracellular signals, which requires the ability to detect such signals and transduce them into the shape changes and force generation needed for movement. Thus the nanomachine is complex, and while much is known about individual components involved in movement, an integrated understanding of motility in even simple cells such as bacteria is not at hand. In this review we discuss recent advances in our understanding of cell motility and some of the problems remaining to be solved.This article is categorized under

Structure and Mechanism > Computational Materials Science
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Biochemistry and Biophysics
Computational methods for analyzing and modeling genome structure and organization
Authors: Lin Dejun , Bonora Giancarlo , Yardımcı Galip Gürkan , Noble William S. 
Published: July 2018

Recent advances in chromosome conformation capture technologies have led to the discovery of previously unappreciated structural features of chromatin. Computational analysis has been critical in detecting these features and thereby helping to uncover the building blocks of genome architecture. Algorithms are being developed to integrate these architectural features to construct better three‐dimensional (3D) models of the genome. These computational methods have revealed the importance of 3D genome organization to essential biological processes. In this article, we review the state of the art in analytic and modeling techniques with a focus on their application to answering various biological questions related to chromatin structure. We summarize the limitations of these computational techniques and suggest future directions, including the importance of incorporating multiple sources of experimental data in building a more comprehensive model of the genome.This article is categorized under:

Analytical and Computational Methods > Computational Methods
Laboratory Methods and Technologies > Genetic/Genomic Methods
Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Mechanistic Models
Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen des Kindesalters
Authors: Schulz Angela , Nickel Miriam 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungDas Verständnis der neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen im Kindesalter hat sich in jüngster Zeit rasant verändert: Nicht nur die Anzahl unterschiedlicher Krankheiten und zugrunde liegender Gendefekte nimmt stetig zu, auch die Ansätze für Diagnostik und Therapie haben sich aufgrund neuerer technologischer und therapeutischer Fortschritte in dieser Krankheitsgruppe weiterentwickelt. Es wurden neue Gendefekte identifiziert, die eine Grundlage für das Verständnis der molekularen Mechanismen, die dieser Krankheitsgruppe zugrunde liegen, sowie für die Entwicklung gezielter Therapien bieten. Diese Übersichtsarbeit konzentriert sich hauptsächlich auf eine der häufigsten Krankheitsgruppen, die zu einer Degeneration des zentralen Nervensystems führen, die neuronalen Ceroid-Lipofuszinosen (NCL). Die Anzahl der NCL-verursachenden Gene und das Wissen über Genotyp-Phänotyp-Korrelationen sind in den letzten Jahren gewachsen und erste Therapien wurden entwickelt. Damit stellt diese Krankheitsgruppe die schnelle wissenschaftliche Entwicklung auf dem Gebiet der seltenen, neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen im Kindesalter sehr gut dar.
Linking the gut and liver: crosstalk between regulatory T cells and mucosa-associated invariant T cells
Authors: Atif Muhammad , Warner Suz , Oo Ye H. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe gut–liver axis is increasingly considered to play a vital part in the progression of chronic inflammatory gut and liver diseases. Hence, a detailed understanding of the local and systemic regulatory mechanisms is crucial to develop novel therapeutic approaches. In this review, we discuss in-depth the roles of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAITs) within the context of inflammatory bowel disease, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Tregs are crucial in maintaining peripheral tolerance and preventing autoimmunity. MAIT cells have a unique ability to rapidly recognize microbial metabolites and mount a local immune response and act as a ‘biliary firewall’ at the gut and biliary epithelial barrier. We also outline how current knowledge can be exploited to develop novel therapies to control the propagation of chronic gut- and liver-related inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. We specifically focus on the nature of the Tregs’ cell therapy product and outline an adjunctive role for low-dose IL-2. All in all, it is clear that translational immunology is at crucial crossroads. The success of ongoing clinical trials in cellular therapies for inflammatory gut and liver conditions could revolutionize the treatment of these conditions and the lives of our patients in the coming years.
Packaging and Temperature Compensation of Fiber Bragg Grating for Strain Sensing: A Survey
Authors: Kuang Yi , Guo Yongxing , Xiong Li , Liu Wenlong 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
During last decades, sensor elements based on the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) have been widely studied and developed due to the advantages of immunity to electromagnetic interference, compact size, high precision, and so on. The FBG itself is sensitive to axial strain and temperature variation directly and can indirectly measure these complex physical parameters, such as pressure, displacement, and vibration, by using some specially designed elastic structures to convert them into the axial strain of the FBG. Whether the FBG is fixed on the measured object to measure the strain directly or fixed on an elastic structure body to measure other physical quantities, these types of FBGs could be collectively called as strain sensing FBGs. The packaging of the FBG has important influence on FBG characteristics that directly affect the measurement accuracy, such as strain transfer, temperature characteristic, and spectral shape. This paper summarizes the packaging methods and corresponding temperature compensation methods of the currently reported strain sensing FBGs, focusing especially on fully pasted FBG, pre-stretched FBG with double-end fixed, and metallic packaging. Furthermore, the advantages and drawbacks of different packaging methods have been analyzed, which can provide a reference for future researches.
Material Correlates Analysis (MCA)
Authors: Gantley Michael , Whitehouse Harvey , Bogaard Amy 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTTheories developed and validated using ethnographic and historical resources are often difficult to examine using sparse or fragmentary archaeological material. However, a number of statistical techniques make it possible to integrate data from ethnographic, historical, and archaeological resources into a single analytical framework. This article introduces Material Correlates Analysis (MCA)—a new method of filling gaps in the archaeological data using a strategic combination of data collection, multidimensional scaling, principal component analysis, and generalized liner modeling. Generalized liner modeling is a particularly useful tool in formal inferential statistics for comparing a priori classified groups of historical and/or ethnographic (known) cases with archaeological (unknown) ones on the basis of relevant variables. MCA allows us to overcome the inherent material culture limitations regarding data on key variables by using available historical or ethnographic evidence to make statistically testable inferences regarding archaeological data. Using the Modes of Religiosity theory as an example, we demonstrate how major gaps in the evidentiary record can be overcome using the techniques we outline. Specifically, we use the MCA approach to ascertain whether the agricultural transition in southwest Asia was associated with a shift from an imagistic to an increasingly doctrinal mode of religiosity.
EVIDENCE, COHERENCE AND EPISTEMIC AKRASIA
Authors: Neta Ram 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTRationality is generally thought to constrain our beliefs in at least two ways. First, rationality constrains the structure of our beliefs – it prohibits various forms of incoherence among our beliefs, at least at a time, and perhaps over time as well. Second, rationality constraints the substance of our beliefs – it requires them to be appropriate to the evidence that we possess. Several philosophers have argued that the demands of coherence sometimes come into conflict with the demands of evidence: in such cases, an agent who believes in accordance with her evidence will end up displaying epistemic akrasia. In this paper, I show that the arguments that have so far been given for this conclusion are unsuccessful. We have no good reason to think that coherence and evidence can ever be in conflict.
PARTY ACTIVISTS IN SOUTH KOREA AND MONGOLIA: PROGRAMMATIC LINKAGES AND POLICY MOTIVATIONS
Authors: Koo Sejin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractParty activists are important for building party–voter links. This study focuses on the motivations of these activists and the hypothesis that economic factors are associated with more programmatic and policy-driven platforms. I examine a novel comparative survey data set of party activists collected in multiple districts in South Korea and Mongolia to determine whether national economic development, the local economy, or individual income shapes activist motivations. The results challenge the economic account and, instead, shed light on the importance of party characteristics, such as size, ideology, and whether a party has its roots in authoritarianism.
A NEW EXTENSION OF DARBO’S FIXED POINT THEOREM USING RELATIVELY MEIR–KEELER CONDENSING OPERATORS
Authors: GABELEH MOOSA , VETRO CALOGERO 
Published: July 2018

We consider relatively Meir–Keeler condensing operators to study the existence of best proximity points (pairs) by using the notion of measure of noncompactness, and extend a result of Aghajani et al. [‘Fixed point theorems for Meir–Keeler condensing operators via measure of noncompactness’, Acta Math. Sci. Ser. B35 (2015), 552–566]. As an application of our main result, we investigate the existence of an optimal solution for a system of integrodifferential equations.
Serum magnesium and cardiovascular mortality in peritoneal dialysis patients: a 5-year prospective cohort study
Authors: Ye Hongjian , Cao Peiyi , Zhang Xiaodan , Lin Jianxiong , Guo Qunying , Mao Haiping , Yu Xueqing , Yang Xiao 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore the association between serum Mg and cardiovascular mortality in the peritoneal dialysis (PD) population. This prospective cohort study included prevalent PD patients from a single centre. The primary outcome of this study was cardiovascular mortality. Serum Mg was assessed at baseline. A total of 402 patients (57 % male; mean age 49·3±14·9 years) were included. After a median of 49·9 months (interquartile range: 25·9–68·3) of follow-up, sixty-two patients (25·4 %) died of CVD. After adjustment for conventional confounders in multivariate Cox regression models, being in the lower quartile for serum Mg level was independently associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular mortality, with hazards ratios of 2·28 (95 % CI 1·04, 5·01), 1·41 (95 % CI 0·63, 3·16) and 1·62 (95 % CI 0·75, 3·51) for the lowest, second and third quartiles, respectively. A similar trend was observed when all-cause mortality was used as the study endpoint. Further analysis showed that the relationships between lower serum Mg and higher risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality were present only in the female subgroup, and not among male patients. The test for interaction indicated that the associations between lower serum Mg and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality differed by sex (P=0·008 andP=0·011, respectively). In conclusion, lower serum Mg was associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in the PD population, especially among female patients.
The Festival of Every Day: Philo and Seneca on Quotidian Time
Authors: Gribetz Sarit Kattan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn Book Two ofDe Specialibus Legibus(Special Laws), Philo of Alexandria presents his readers with a “festival manual”: a list of ten holidays, their origins, and the practices associated with each one. Philo names the first festival in his list ἡμέρα πσα, “every day,” about which he muses: “If all the forces of the virtues remained unvanquished throughout, then the time from birth to death would be one continuous feast.” In what historical, intellectual, and literary context might we best understand Philo's “every day festival”? And how can we understand Philo's view of quotidian time in the context of his conception of time and temporality more generally? In this paper, I argue that Philo's presentation of this festival of the every day, and, more generally, his perspective on daily time, is an engagement not only with biblical texts but also with contemporaneous Stoic perspectives about time, especially those articulated by the philosopher Seneca the Younger. I thus read Philo'sDe Specialibus Legibusin conversation with Seneca'sDe Brevitate Vitae(On the Shortness of Life), analyzing their similar perspectives on daily time and suggesting several ways of understanding the connections between the two texts. I conclude by explaining how appreciating the similarities between Philo and Seneca's ideas about quotidian time also allows us better to understand Philo's exposition of the other festivals, especially his presentation of the Sabbath.
Natural and Human Influences on the Link Between Meteorological and Hydrological Drought Indices for a Large Set of Catchments in the Contiguous United States
Authors: Tijdeman E. , Barker L. J. , Svoboda M. D. , Stahl K. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPrecipitation‐based drought indices are most commonly used in drought monitoring and early warning systems whereas impacts of drought are often related to other domains of the hydrological cycle such as streamflow. Precipitation droughts do not always coincide with streamflow droughts, as the propagation from precipitation to streamflow is affected by climate, catchment properties, and human influences. For monitoring in ungauged catchments it is the question to what extent drought indices solely based on precipitation or other (more recently developed) meteorological drought indices that include evaporation or snowmelt, have a stronger correlation with streamflow, and whether this correlation is weaker in catchments where streamflow is altered by human influences. Results of a correlation exercise between various meteorological drought indices and streamflow showed that the strongest correlation was often found for meteorological drought indices that include evaporation (especially in drier climates) or snow processes (especially in colder climates). Most catchments with an indicated presence of human influences showed a maximum correlation between meteorological drought indices and streamflow that was comparable in strength to the same correlation for catchments with near‐natural flow. However, up to 15% of catchments with an indicated presence of human influences show weaker correlations. Drought indices derived from these influenced records with a weaker correlation do not necessarily correspond to reported drought impacts. In conclusion, knowing which meteorological drought index has the strongest correlation with streamflow in different climate zones has the potential of improving large‐scale drought monitoring and early warning systems in ungauged areas or regions that lack real‐time streamflow availability.
Enhancer histone-QTLs are enriched on autoimmune risk haplotypes and influence gene expression within chromatin networks
Authors: Pelikan Richard C. , Kelly Jennifer A. , Fu Yao , Lareau Caleb A. , Tessneer Kandice L. , Wiley Graham B. , Wiley Mandi M. , Glenn Stuart B. , Harley John B. , Guthridge Joel M. , James Judith A. , Aryee Martin J. , Montgomery Courtney , Gaffney Patrick M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractGenetic variants can confer risk to complex genetic diseases by modulating gene expression through changes to the epigenome. To assess the degree to which genetic variants influence epigenome activity, we integrate epigenetic and genotypic data from lupus patient lymphoblastoid cell lines to identify variants that induce allelic imbalance in the magnitude of histone post-translational modifications, referred to herein as histone quantitative trait loci (hQTLs). We demonstrate that enhancer hQTLs are enriched on autoimmune disease risk haplotypes and disproportionately influence gene expression variability compared with non-hQTL variants in strong linkage disequilibrium. We show that the epigenome regulates HLA class II genes differently in individuals who carry HLA-DR3 or HLA-DR15 haplotypes, resulting in differential 3D chromatin conformation and gene expression. Finally, we identify significant expression QTL (eQTL) x hQTL interactions that reveal substructure within eQTL gene expression, suggesting potential implications for functional genomic studies that leverage eQTL data for subject selection and stratification.