bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cascading approach to training discovery
Authors: Galasso Meg , Cohen Rachael Anne , Thorpe Pusnik Angie 
Published: March 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to illustrate why libraries should develop instructional plans to further integrate Web-scale discovery services into the academy, as well as propose a three-fold delivery plan to achieve this goal.Design/methodology/approachThis paper documents a strategy to integrate Web-scale discovery services into library training and instruction for multiple audiences. The strategy is informed by past analysis of discovery service search queries.FindingsIt presents a three-part training plan that can be applied to multiple audiences, universities/colleges and even discovery service platforms.Practical implicationsThe strategies and practices detailed in this paper are easily adaptable to other institutions that currently subscribe to Web-scale discovery service products.Originality/valueThis paper introduces an innovative approach toward transforming Web-scale discovery instruction across the academy, based on search query analysis.
Poynting and polarization vectors based wavefield decomposition and their application on elastic reverse time migration in 2D transversely isotropic media
Authors: Lu Yongming , Liu Qiancheng , Zhang Jianfeng , Yang Kai , Sun Hui 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTWith the progress in computational power and seismic acquisition, elastic reverse time migration is becoming increasingly feasible and helpful in characterizing the physical properties of subsurface structures. To achieve high‐resolution seismic imaging using elastic reverse time migration, it is necessary to separate the compressional (P‐wave) and shear (S‐wave) waves for both isotropic and anisotropic media. In elastic isotropic media, the conventional method for wave‐mode separation is to use the divergence and curl operators. However, in anisotropic media, the polarization direction of P waves is not exactly parallel to the direction of wave propagation. Also, the polarization direction of S‐waves is not totally perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. For this reason, the conventional divergence and curl operators show poor performance in anisotropic media. Moreover, conventional methods only perform well in the space domain of regular grids, and they are not suitable for elastic numerical simulation algorithms based on non‐regular grids. Besides, these methods distort the original wavefield by taking spatial derivatives. In this case, a new anisotropic wave‐mode separation scheme is developed using Poynting vectors. This scheme can be performed in the angle domain by constructing the relationship between group and polarization angles of different wave modes. Also, it is performed pointwise, independent of adjacent space points, suitable for parallel computing. Moreover, there is no need to correct the changes in phase and amplitude caused by the derivative operators. By using this scheme, the anisotropic elastic reverse time migration is more efficiently performed on the unstructured mesh. The effectiveness of our scheme is verified by several numerical examples.
Challenges in the conservation of wide‐ranging nomadic species
Authors: Nandintsetseg Dejid , Bracis Chloe , Olson Kirk A. , Böhning‐Gaese Katrin , Calabrese Justin M. , Chimeddorj Buyanaa , Fagan William F. , Fleming Christen H. , Heiner Michael , Kaczensky Petra , Leimgruber Peter , Munkhnast Dalannast , Stratmann Theresa , Mueller Thomas 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Conservation of nomadic species presents significant conservation challenges because of unpredictability in their movements and space use. Long‐term studies on nomadic species offering insights into the variability in space use within and between years are largely missing but are necessary to develop effective conservation strategies.

We examined the temporal variability in space‐use of Mongolian gazelle, a nomadic species. We tracked 22 individuals for 1–3 years with GPS and used the resulting movement patterns to evaluate conservation strategies associated with their nomadic movements in the intact open plain grasslands of Mongolia. Individuals exhibited a high degree of variability in space use within and between years, often using different wintering areas in different years. The individual range size varied as much as threefold between years, with an estimated average annual individual range size of ~19,000 km2 and a lifetime range of ~100,000 km2.

Comparing simulated and empirical GPS trajectories for the Mongolian gazelle showed that they avoided disturbed areas (e.g. oil fields) and did not prefer protected areas. Importantly, no single protected area in the region was large enough to cover the annual range of any of the tracked gazelle.

Because of their wide‐ranging movements, the presence of linear infrastructure and the resulting barrier effects are a particular concern. We found that fences along the national border were absolute barriers affecting movements of about 80% of all tracked individuals. When gazelle encounter the border fence, they moved a median distance of 11 km along fences, suggesting frequent crossing options are needed to make barriers permeable.

Synthesis and applications. We show that for nomadic species whose space use varies greatly across years, multiyear movement data are essential for sound conservation planning. We emphasize that place‐based approaches alone are insufficient to conserve wide‐ranging nomadic species and that linear infrastructure, including fences, highways and railroads, is of particular concern. Because nomadic species lack defined movement corridors, we advocate integrated land use planning that prioritizes permeability across the entire landscape and facilitates long‐distance movements. We suggest that conservation strategies for nomadic species in arid and semi‐arid regions be reconsidered based on multiyear connectivity assessments at the landscape scale.
Biological‐based habitat classification approaches promote cost‐efficient monitoring: An example using seabed assemblages
Authors: Cooper Keith M. , Bolam Stefan G. , Downie Anna‐Leena , Barry Jon 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Seabed habitat maps can help facilitate the management of marine environments. A variety of approaches exist for seabed habitat classification. Most partition the environment according to physical environmental characteristics, with an assumption that resulting habitat classes are biologically meaningful. In the absence of comprehensive broad‐scale biological data, this strategy offers a logical and pragmatic way of producing habitat maps to help manage the marine environment. Across Europe, the physical based European Nature Information System (EUNIS) classification has gained wide acceptance, with maps used to classify broadscale habitats within Marine Protected Areas and to design monitoring programmes. An alternative approach to habitat classification, made possible by increasing quantities of data, is to use the biology to identify meaningful habitats. With such contrasting approaches, the question arises as to which provides the most robust and efficient basis for biological monitoring.

To investigate, we compared variability in macrofaunal assemblages across different EUNIS sediment classes to those of two new habitat classification approaches developed in this study. The first of these (PHY) is based on a wide suite of physical variables known to influence the fauna. The second (BIO) uses the fauna to identify meaningful habitats. Both classifications were produced using a training dataset (9,619 grab samples) and employing k‐means clustering and Random Forest Modelling. Power analysis of test set data (4,123 samples) was used to assess the number of samples required to detect a 20% change in taxon richness and total abundance across all classes of each classification approach.

Results showed that across all habitat classes, the BIO classification required 49% and 31% fewer samples to detect the change in richness and abundance than EUNIS level 4. Whilst offering some improvement on EUNIS, PHY still required many more samples than BIO.

Synthesis and applications. Habitat maps based on biological data have generally lower within‐habitat variability in community metrics than those produced using physical attributes alone. As a result, biologically‐based habitat maps could offer a more cost‐effective basis for ecological monitoring.
Nutrition process improvements for adult inpatients with inborn errors of metabolism using the i‐PARIHS framework
Authors: Williams Clare , van der Meij Barbara S. , Nisbet Janelle , Mcgill Jim , Wilkinson Shelley A. 
Published: March 2019

AimThis project aimed to implement consensus recommendations and innovations that improve dietetic services to promote timely referral to optimise nutritional management for adult inpatients with inborn errors of metabolism (IEM).MethodsThe i‐PARIHS framework was used to identify service gaps, implement innovations and evaluate the innovations within this single‐site study. The constructs of this framework are: (i) review of the evidence; (ii) recognising patients and staff knowledge and attitudes; (iii) acknowledging the local context; and (iv) the facilitators role. This included a literature review and metabolic centre service comparisons to investigate dietetic referral and foodservice processes to inform the innovation. A 12‐month chart audit (6 months retrospective and prospective of implemented innovation, respectively) to evaluate newly established dietetic referral and IEM nutrition provision procedures was also completed.ResultsThe innovations implemented encompassed a clinical alert triggering urgent referral, nutrition sick day plans and metabolic diet and formula prescription via an ‘alert’ tab in electronic records. Eleven metabolic protein‐restricted diets and nine formula recipes were introduced. Prior to the innovations, only 53% (n = 19/36) of inpatients with IEM were assessed by the dietitian and received appropriate nutrition within 24 hours. Following implementation of the innovations, 100% (n = 11/11) of inpatients with IEM received timely dietetic assessment and therapeutic nutrition.ConclusionsImplementation of innovations developed using the i‐PARIHS framework is effective in timely notification of the metabolic dietitian of referrals. This ensures optimal nutritional management during admissions which is required in this group of high‐risk patients.
Validation, Comfort, and Syncretic Belief in the Afterlife: U.S. Viewers’ Perceptions ofLong Island Medium
Authors: White Cassandra 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOn the reality TV programLong Island Mediumand in public performances, professional spirit medium Theresa Caputo interprets messages she says she receives from the spirits of the deceased. Based on interviews with people who have seen her on television or in a live stage performance, I sought to learn more about how viewers experience, interpret, and are affected by these readings and by her presentation of life after death. For viewers who believed in this television medium's abilities, I was interested in how her interpretation of the spirit world corresponded with theirs. While some viewers were quite skeptical, for others the program provided a level of comfort about lost relatives and/or offered a means of validating or further understanding their own personal experiences with nonempirical phenomena. In this article, I explore howLong Island Mediummay offer a cultural framework for interpreting perceptions of spirit entities that is not available in mainstream U.S. culture or religion.
By design: Professional learning ecologies to develop primary school teachers’ makerspaces pedagogical capabilities
Authors: Stevenson Michael , Bower Matt , Falloon Garry , Forbes Anne , Hatzigianni Maria 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMakerspaces embody a growing movement of educators promoting constructionist learning with physical materials and digital technologies such as 3D design and 3D printing. As it gains traction in K‐12 settings, the maker movement represents an interesting context in which to explore how professional ecologies can equip teachers with the knowledge, skills and dispositions needed to implement twenty‐first century learning in their school context. This study investigated the roles of different participants from industry, school leadership and colleagues in influencing teachers’ confidence, enthusiasm, capabilities and beliefs when teaching in makerspaces. Utilising triangulated observations of activities through online questionnaires at beginning, middle and end points, as well as postproject interviews, the study explored the participation of 27 primary school teachers in a blended professional learning programme, followed by classroom delivery of modules focusing on tablet‐based 3D design applications and the use of newly instaled 3D printers. Reporting no prior knowledge or experience with makerspaces, quantitative analyses revealed significant increases in teachers’ confidence and enthusiasm. Qualitative analyses of questionnaire and interview data underscored the influence of hands‐on and theoretically grounded professional learning providing practical exposure to constructionist ideas, design thinking methodologies and 3D design technologies. Findings reveal the importance of targeted professional learning coupled with a substantial collegially supported implementation phase, as well as support from school leaders and industry partners to promote meaningful pedagogical change in technology‐mediated maker‐based learning.
Rab25 promotes erlotinib resistance by activating the β1 integrin/AKT/β‐catenin pathway in NSCLC
Authors: Wang Jianmin , Zhou Pu , Wang Xudong , Yu Yongxin , Zhu Guangkuo , Zheng Linpeng , Xu Zihan , Li Feng , You Qiai , Yang Qiao , Zhuo Wenlei , Sun Jianguo , Chen Zhengtang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectivesEpidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR‐TKI) has significant therapeutic efficacy in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, acquired resistance is inevitable and limits the long‐term efficacy of EGFR‐TKI. Our study aimed to investigate the role of ras‐associated binding protein 25 (Rab25) in mediating EGFR‐TKI resistance in NSCLC.Materials and MethodsRab25 expression in NSCLC patients was measured by immunohistochemical staining. Western blotting was used to analyse the expression of molecules in the Rab25, EGFR and Wnt signalling pathways. Lentiviral vectors were constructed to knock in and knock out Rab25. The biological function of Rab25 was demonstrated by cell‐counting kit‐8 and flow cytometry. The interaction between Rab25 and β1 integrin was confirmed by co‐immunoprecipitation.ResultsRab25 overexpression induced erlotinib resistance, whereas Rab25 knockdown reversed this refractoriness in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, Rab25 interacts with β1 integrin and promotes its trafficking to the cytoplasmic membrane. The membrane‐β1 integrin induced protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation and subsequently activated the Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway, promoting cell proliferation. Furthermore, high Rab25 expression was associated with poor response to EGFR‐TKI treatment in NSCLC patients.ConclusionsRab25 mediates erlotinib resistance by activating the β1 integrin/AKT/β‐catenin signalling pathway. Rab25 may be a predictive biomarker and has potential therapeutic value in NSCLC patients with acquired resistance to EGFR‐TKI.
Integrating reproductive phenology in ecological niche models changed the predicted future ranges of a marine invader
Authors: Chefaoui Rosa M. , Serebryakova Alexandra , Engelen Aschwin H. , Viard Frédérique , Serrão Ester A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimPhenology of a wide diversity of organisms has a dependency on climate, usually with reproductive periods beginning earlier in the year and lasting longer at lower latitudes. Temperature and day length are known environmental drivers of the reproductive timing of many species. Hence, reproductive phenology is sensitive to warming and is important to be considered for reliable predictions of species distributions. This is particularly relevant for rapidly spreading non‐indigenous species (NIS). In this study, we forecast the future ranges of a NIS, the seaweed Sargassum muticum, including its reproductive phenology.LocationCoastal areas of the Northern Hemisphere (Pacific and Atlantic oceans).MethodsWe used ecological niche modelling to predict the distribution of S. muticum under two scenarios forecasting limited (RCP 2.6) and severe (RCP 8.5) future climate changes. We then refined our predictions with a hybrid model using sea surface temperature constraints on reproductive phenology.ResultsUnder the most severe climate change scenario, we predicted northward expansions which may have significant ecological consequences for subarctic coastal ecosystems. However, in lower latitudes, habitats currently occupied by S. muticum will no longer be suitable, creating opportunities for substantial community changes. The temperature constraints imposed by the reproductive window were shown to restrict the modelled future species expansion strongly. Under the RCP 8.5 scenario, the total range area was expected to increase by 61.75% by 2100, but only by 1.63% when the reproductive temperature window was considered.Main conclusionsAltogether these results exemplify the need to integrate phenology better to improve the prediction of future distributional shifts at local and regional scales.
Towards a More Critical Theory of ‘Development’ in the 21st Century
Authors: Ziai Aram 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTIn response to the article by Horner and Hulme which opens this Debate section, this contribution argues that while the call for a shift from international to global development by Horner and Hulme is justified, their approach is confined to what has been called traditional or problem‐solving theory. On the levels of concepts, theory and metatheory, it fails to transcend orthodox approaches in development theory. Concerning concepts, it employs the traditional concept of ‘development’ without recognizing its ambiguity, referring at different times to social change, positive social change or social change according to the European model. Concerning theory, it is based on the nation state as a unit of analysis, not differentiating between different socio‐economic groups or classes, and neglects questions of power. Concerning metatheory, its knowledge interest, epistemology and methodology also remain within orthodox boundaries, for example reproducing the measurement of aggregate per capita income and its evaluation as progress. In the last section of this article, the author presents an outline sketch for a more critical theory of ‘development’.
Bringing Development Back into Development Studies
Authors: Fischer Andrew M. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTThis article challenges Horner and Hulme's call to move from ‘international development’ to ‘global development’ with a reaffirmation of the classical traditions of development studies. With some adaptation to fit the changing contemporary context, these traditions not only remain relevant but also recover vital insights that have been obscured in the various fashionable re‐imaginings of development. In particular, development thinking and agendas in the past were much more radical and ambitious in addressing the imperatives of redistribution and progressive forms of transformation in the context of stark asymmetries of wealth and power. Such ambition is still needed to address the nature and scale of challenges that continue to face the bulk of countries in the world, particularly given the persistence if not deepening of asymmetries. This reaffirmation is elaborated by addressing three major weaknesses in Horner and Hulme's arguments. First, they do not actually define development, but instead treat it as simply poverty and inequality dynamics, which are better understood as outcomes rather than causes. Second, despite their assertion that the study of (international) development was primarily concerned with between‐country inequalities, this is not true. Domestic inequality was in fact central to both development theory and policy since the origins of the field. Third, the authors ignore the rise of neoliberalism from the late 1970s onwards and the profound crisis that this caused to development outside of East Asia and perhaps India, which the jargon of ‘global’ implicitly obfuscates and even condones. Rather, the experiences of East Asia and in particular China arguably vindicate classical approaches in development studies.
Property and economic planning inFichte's contractualism
Authors: Nance Michael 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMy paper reconstructs Fichte's property theory and political economy inFoundations of Natural RightandThe Closed Commercial State. Fichte's theory of property requires the rejection of the classical liberal theory of property rights. Fichte's alternative theory of property, in conjunction with his republican account of the state's role in guaranteeing individual rights, further requires the rejection of a market economy in favor of a planned economy. For Fichte's view entails the normative necessity of a political economy in which the production and transfer of goods and services, across large sectors of the economy, are mandated by the state in advance in accordance with an economic plan. As a result, Fichte reconceives his contractualism as necessarily including the negotiation of a state‐enforced plan for economic activity. Thus, Fichte's new theory of property inFoundations of Natural Righthas extremely wide‐ranging implications for the rest of his political and economic thought. The negotiation of fair terms of political association characteristic of classical contractualist thought becomes in Fichte's hands the negotiation of an economic plan that defines each individual's socioeconomic rights. I conclude with some brief remarks on the sense in which Fichte's theory serves as a cautionary tale for later socialists.