bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validating the efficacy of the binomial pointwise linear regression method to detect glaucoma progression with multicentral database
Authors: Asano Shotaro , Murata Hiroshi , Matsuura Masato , Fujino Yuri , Miki Atsuya , Tanito Masaki , Mizoue Shiro , Mori Kazuhiko , Suzuki Katsuyoshi , Yamashita Takehiro , Kashiwagi Kenji , Shoji Nobuyuki , Zangwill Linda M , Asaoka Ryo 
Published: July 2019

Background/aimWe previously reported the benefit of applying binomial pointwise linear regression (PLR: binomial PLR) to detect 10–2 glaucomatous visual field (VF) progression. The purpose of the current study was to validate the usefulness of the binomial PLR to detect glaucomatous VF progression in the central 24°.MethodsSeries of 15 VFs (Humphrey Field Analyzer 24–2 SITA-standard) from 341 eyes of 233 patients, obtained over 7.9±2.1 years (mean±SD), were investigated. PLR was performed by regressing the total deviation of all test points. VF progression was determined from the VF test points analyses using the binomial test (one side, p<0.025). The time needed to detect VF progression was compared across the binomial PLR, permutation analysis of PLR (PoPLR) and mean total deviation (mTD) trend analysis.ResultsThe binomial PLR was comparable with PoPLR and mTD trend analyses in the positive predictive value (0.18–0.87), the negative predictive value (0.89–0.95) and the false positive rate (0.057–0.35) to evaluate glaucomatous VF progression. The time to classify progression with binomial PLR (5.8±2.8 years) was significantly shorter than those with mTD trend analysis (6.7±2.8 years) and PoPLR (6.6±2.7 years).ConclusionsThe binomial PLR method, which detected glaucomatous VF progression in the central 24° significantly earlier than PoPLR and mTD trend analyses, shows promise for improving our ability to detect visual field progression for clinical management of glaucoma and in clinical trials of new glaucoma therapies.
Systemic medications and cortical cataract: the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases Study
Authors: Dai Wei , Tham Yih Chung , Chee Miao Li , Majithia Shivani , Poh Stanley , Tan Ava Grace , Tao Yijin , Wang Jie Jin , Cheng Ching-Yu 
Published: July 2019

Background/aimsTo evaluate the association between systemic medications and cortical cataract prevalence in an Asian population.MethodsThe Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases Study recruited 10 033 Chinese, Malay and Indian residents aged 40+ years living in Singapore. Information on medication use was collected at interview using questionnaires. The presence and severity of cortical cataract were assessed from lens photographs using the modified Wisconsin Cataract Grading System. Associations between medications and the presence of cortical cataract were assessed using logistic regression. Associations between medications and greater severity of cortical cataract (none, minimal, early and late) were assessed using ordinal logistic regression.ResultsA total of 8965 participants were included, the mean age was 57.6 (SD=9.8) years, and 4555 (50.8%) were women. After adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, body mass index, smoking status, socioeconomic status, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes, duration of diabetes and cardiovascular disease, ACE inhibitors (OR=1.27; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.55), fibrates (OR=1.57; 95% CI 1.05 to 2.35), alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) (OR=1.85; 95% CI 1.13 to 3.02) and insulin (OR=1.80; 95% CI 1.11 to 2.93) were significantly associated with the presence of cortical cataract. Further adjusting for concurrent medication use did not alter these associations. Consistently, the four medications were also associated with a greater severity level of cortical cataract.ConclusionACE inhibitors, fibrates and AGIs were associated with increased prevalence of cortical cataract in this Asian population, independent of the presence of hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and diabetes, respectively. Whether they contribute to the risk of cortical cataract needs confirmation in longitudinal studies.
Quantifying the impact of genes on body mass index during the obesity epidemic: longitudinal findings from the HUNT Study
Authors: Brandkvist Maria , Bjørngaard Johan Håkon , Ødegård Rønnaug Astri , Åsvold Bjørn Olav , Sund Erik R , Vie Gunnhild Åberge 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo study the trajectories of body mass index (BMI) in Norway over five decades and to assess the differential influence of the obesogenic environment on BMI according to genetic predisposition.DesignLongitudinal study.SettingGeneral population of Nord-Trøndelag County, Norway.Participants118 959 people aged 13-80 years who participated in a longitudinal population based health study (Nord-Trøndelag Health Study, HUNT), of whom 67 305 were included in analyses of association between genetic predisposition and BMI.Main outcome measureBMI.ResultsObesity increased in Norway starting between the mid-1980s and mid-1990s and, compared with older birth cohorts, those born after 1970 had a substantially higher BMI already in young adulthood. BMI differed substantially between the highest and lowest fifths of genetic susceptibility for all ages at each decade, and the difference increased gradually from the 1960s to the 2000s. For 35 year old men, the most genetically predisposed had 1.20 kg/m2 (95% confidence interval 1.03 to 1.37 kg/m2) higher BMI than those who were least genetically predisposed in the 1960s compared with 2.09 kg/m2 (1.90 to 2.27 kg/m2) in the 2000s. For women of the same age, the corresponding differences in BMI were 1.77 kg/m2 (1.56 to 1.97 kg/m2) and 2.58 kg/m2 (2.36 to 2.80 kg/m2).ConclusionsThis study provides evidence that genetically predisposed people are at greater risk for higher BMI and that genetic predisposition interacts with the obesogenic environment resulting in higher BMI, as observed between the mid-1980s and mid-2000s. Regardless, BMI has increased for both genetically predisposed and non-predisposed people, implying that the environment remains the main contributor.
pQCT bone geometry and strength: population epidemiology and concordance in Australian children aged 11–12 years and their parents
Authors: Vlok Jennifer , Simm Peter J , Lycett Kate , Clifford Susan A , Grobler Anneke C , Lange Katherine , Ismail Najmi , Osborn William , Wake Melissa 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesTo describe the epidemiology and concordance of bone health in a population-based sample of Australian parent-child dyads at child age 11–12 years.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional study (the Child Health CheckPoint) nested between waves 6 and 7 of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC).SettingAssessment centres in seven cities around Australia, February 2015–March 2016.Participants: of all participating CheckPoint families (n=1874), bone data were available for 1222 dyads (1271 children, 50% girls; 1250 parents, 86% mothers).Outcome measuresPeripheral quantitative CT (pQCT) of the non-dominant leg scanned at the 4% (distal) and 66% (mid-calf) tibial sites. Stratec XCT 2000 software generated estimates of bone density, geometry and polar stress-strain index.Parent-child concordance were assessed using Pearson’s correlation coefficients and multivariable linear regression models. Percentiles were determined using survey weights. Survey weights and methods accounted for LSAC’s complex sampling, stratification and clustering within postcodes.ResultsConcordances were greater for the geometric pQCT parameters (periosteal circumference 0.38, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.43; endosteal circumference 0.42, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.47; total cross-sectional area 0.37, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.42) than density (cortical density 0.25, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.30). Mother-child and father-child values were similar. Relationships attenuated only slightly on adjustment for age, sex and body mass index. Percentiles and concordance are presented for the whole sample and by sex.ConclusionsThere is strong parent-child concordance in bone geometry and, to a lesser extent, density even before the period of peak adolescent bone deposition. This geometrical concordance suggests that future intergenerational bone studies could consider using pQCT rather than the more commonly used dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).
Effectiveness of additional X-ray protection devices in reducing Scattered radiation in radial interventions: protocol of the ESPRESSO randomised trial
Authors: Anadol Remzi , Brandt Moritz , Merz Nico , Knorr Maike , Ahoopai Majid , Geyer Martin , Krompiec Damian , Wenzel Phillip , Münzel Thomas , Gori Tommaso 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundA number of devices have been developed to minimise operator radiation exposure in the setting of cardiac catheterisation. The effectiveness of these devices has traditionally been explored in transfemoral coronary procedures; however, less is known for the transradial approach. We set out to examine the impact of three different radiation protection devices in a real-world setting.Methods and designConsecutive coronary diagnostic and intervention procedures are randomised in a 1:1:1 ratio to a shield-only protection (shield group), shield and overlapping 0.5 mm Pb panel curtain (curtain group) or shield, curtain and additional 75×40 cm, 0.5 mm Pb drape placed across the waist of the patient (drape group).The primary outcome is the difference in relative exposure of the primary operator among groups. Relative exposure is defined as the ratio between operator’s exposure (E in μSv) and patient exposure (dose area product in cGy·cm2).Ethics and disseminationThe protocol complies with good clinical practice and the ethical principles described in the Declaration of Helsinki and is approved by the local ethics committee. The results of the trial will be published as original article(s) in medical journals and/or as presentation at congresses.Trial registration numberNCT03634657
Mortality and health-related quality of life following injuries and associated factors: a cohort study in Chandigarh, North India
Authors: Jagnoor Jagnoor , Prinja Shankar , Nguyen Ha , Gabbe Belinda J , Peden Margaret , Ivers Rebecca Q 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionInjuries are among the 10 leading causes of deaths worldwide. In recent years, the quality and reporting of injury mortality has improved but little or no data are available on the morbidity burden and impact of non-fatal injuries in India. This study evaluates health recovery status postinjury, identifying predictors of recovery in North India.MethodsProspective cohort study recruiting patients from one tertiary-level and two secondary-level hospitals in North India between April and June 2014 hospitalised due to any injury. Health-related quality of life was assessed at baseline and at 1-month, 2-month, 4-month and 12-month postinjury using the EuroQol five-dimensional (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire. Multivariable linear regressions with generalised estimating equations were used to examine the relationship between sociodemographic and injury-related factors with the EQ-5D-5L single utility score and the visual analogue scale (VAS) score.ResultsA total of 2416 eligible patients aged ≥18 years were enrolled in the study. Of these, 2150 (74%) completed baseline and all four follow-up EQ-5D-5L questionnaires. Almost 7% (n=172) patients died by the first follow-up and the overall mortality at 12 months was 9% (n=176). Both EQ-5D-5L utility and VAS scores dropped significantly at 1-month postinjury but gradually improved at 2, 4 and 12 months. Severe injuries, defined as those requiring a hospital stay of ≥7 days, were associated with lower utility scores at 1-month, 2-month and 4-month follow-ups (p<0.001).ConclusionThis is the first study to examine health outcomes following injuries in India. The findings highlight the need to understand the social, psychological and biological factors influencing recovery outcomes. High mortality following discharge emphasises the need to invest in secondary and tertiary injury prevention in India.
A technical comparison of thrombectomy vacuum aspiration systems
Authors: Yaeger Kurt , Iserson Annabelle , Singh Paul , Wolf Jacob , Vidal Ester , Oxley Thomas , Costa Anthony B , Fifi Johanna T 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionImproved functional outcomes after mechanical thrombectomy for emergent large vessel occlusion depend on expedient reperfusion after clinical presentation. Device technology has improved substantially over the years, and several commercial options exist for both large-bore aspiration catheters and suction pump systems.ObjectiveTo compare various vacuum pumps and examine the aspiration forces they generate as well as the force of catheter tip detachment from an artificial thrombus.MethodsUsing an artificial thrombus made from polyvinyl alcohol gel, we tested various mechanical characteristics of commercially available suction pumps, including the Penumbra Jet Engine, Penumbra Max, Stryker Medela AXS, Microvention Gomco, and a 60 cc syringe. Both aspiration pressure and tip force generated were analyzed. Subsequently, a cohort of thrombectomy catheters were assessed using the Penumbra Jet Engine to determine tip forces generated on an artificial thrombus. One-way analysis of variance was used to assess statistical significance.ResultsThe Penumbra Jet Engine system generated both the highest maximum aspiration pressures (28.8 inches Hg) and the highest tip force (23.68 grams force (gf)) on an artificial thrombus, with statistical significance compared with the other pump systems. Using the Jet Engine, the largest-bore catheter was associated with the highest tip force (32.12 gf). The overall correlation coefficient between catheter inner diameter and tip force was 0.98.ConclusionsThe Penumbra Jet Engine pump generates significantly higher vacuum pressures and tip forces than the other commercially available aspiration pump systems. Furthermore, catheters with a larger inner diameter generate higher tip suction forces on aspiration. Whether these mechanical features lead to improved clinical outcomes is yet to be determined.
Effects of combination therapy and infrared radiation on pain, physical function, and quality of life in subjects with knee osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Usman Zubair , Maharaj Sonill Sooknunan , Kaka Bashir 
Published: July 2019

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common degenerative articular disease that causes disability and poor quality of life (QoL) of the individuals. Electrotherapeutic agents such as therapeutic ultrasound (US), interferential current (IFC), and infrared radiation are used in the treatment. It is not clear which of these agents is the best in improving these variables. Objective: The study aimed to compare the effects of the combined application of US and IFC therapies and infrared radiation on pain, functional activities, and QoL in people with KOA. Methods: In a randomized controlled study, 60 participants were randomized into two groups, the combination therapy group (CTG) and the infrared radiation group (IRG). Each group received 15-min treatment three times per week for 12 weeks. The visual analog scale (VAS) was used to assess the pain, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) for functional activities and the Short Form Health Survey questionnaire for QoL. Results: Participants in the CTG had a significant ([Formula: see text]) reduction in pain and significant ([Formula: see text]) improvement in functional activities and QoL compared to the IRG. Conclusion: The results of this study support the use of the combination of IFC and US therapies to reduce pain and improve function and QoL for KOA patients.
Evaluation of forensic soil traces from a crime scene: robbery of a safety deposit box in Brazil
Authors: Testoni S. A. , Melo V. F. , Dawson L. A. , Salvador F. A. S. , Prandel L. V. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Soil traces can be used as evidence in criminal investigations due their transferability, great variability and persistence. The soil samples originated from a crime scene that occurred in the Curitiba Metropolitan Region, Brazil. Physical, chemical and mineralogical analyses were carried out on the soil samples. All results were statistically analysed using multivariate analysis (PCA) to verify the relative positioning of soil traces which had been recovered from a stolen safety deposit box (SDB) from a vehicle suspected of being used in the SDB transportation, and from the site allegedly used in the opening of the SDB. The methods employed were effective in discriminating between the sampling sites. The soil from the site used in the opening of the SDB could be excluded as being the location where the soil transferred to the SDB had originated as it was different in many characteristics.

Supplementary material:
The organic matter content of the samples, and their gibbsite and kaolinite values obtained by thermogravimety analysis (S1), and X-ray diffraction patterns of the silt + clay fractions (S2) are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4561004
Deletion of the Miz-1 POZ Domain Increases Efficacy of Cytarabine Treatment in T- and B-ALL/Lymphoma Mouse Models
Authors: Ross Julie , Rashkovan Marissa , Fraszczak Jennifer , Joly-Beauparlant Charles , Vadnais Charles , Winkler René , Droit Arnaud , Kosan Christian , Möröy Tarik 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is an aggressive blood cancer that mainly affects children. Relapse rates are high and toxic chemotherapies that block DNA replication and induce DNA damage lead to health problems later in life, underlining the need for improved therapies. MYC is a transcription factor that is hyperactive in a large proportion of cancers including leukemia but is difficult to target in therapy. We show that ablation of the function of the BTB/POZ domain factor Zbtb17 (Miz-1), an important cofactor of c-Myc, significantly delayed T- and B-ALL/lymphoma in mice and interfered with the oncogenic transcriptional activity of c-Myc. Leukemic cells that still emerged in this system activated DNA replication pathways that could be targeted by current chemotherapeutic drugs such as cytarabine. Acute ablation of the Miz-1 POZ domain enhanced the effect of cytarabine treatment. The combined treatment was effective in both Eμ-Myc and Notch ICN-driven leukemia models and prolonged survival of tumor-bearing animals by accelerating apoptosis of leukemic cells. These observations suggest that targeting MIZ-1 could render current ALL chemotherapies more effective, with a better outcome for patients.

Significance:
Ablation of the POZ domain of Miz-1 perturbs its interaction with c-MYC and delays the generation of T- and B-cell leukemias and lymphomas.
Why Central Neck Dissection Works (and Fails) for Recurrent Thyroglossal Duct Remnants
Authors: Isaacson Glenn , Kaplon Adam , Tint Derrick 
Published: July 2019

Objective: To review the patient characteristics and outcomes for children and undergoing central neck dissection for control of recurrent thyroglossal duct cysts and fistula following prior Sistrunk procedures and children requiring surgery for refractory infection. Methods: We performed a computerized review of all children who were evaluated for thyroglossal duct cysts during the years 1999-2018 by a single surgeon operating at an urban children’s hospital and an outpatient surgical center. Those requiring a central neck dissection for control of recurrent disease or intractable infection were identified. Age at time of surgery, sex, surgical procedure, and postoperative complications were recorded. These data were combined with similar data from a published report by the same surgeon in the years 1990-1998 to complete a 28-year review. Results: 18 central neck dissections were performed including 13 for recurrent thyroglossal duct remnants after Sistrunk procedures and 5 primary surgeries for intractable infection. Ages ranged from 3 to 19 years (median = 10 years) and 13 of 18 were girls (72%). Four children had their first Sistrunk surgery performed by the senior author. Three children operated elsewhere had intact hyoid bones at the time of revision surgery, suggesting less-than-Sistrunk primary surgeries. Central neck dissection controlled disease in the lower neck in all cases. One child re-fistulized at the level of the hyoid. Conclusions: Central neck dissection in combination with a Sistrunk-type dissection of the tongue base is effective in the control of recurrent infection following unsuccessful Sistrunk surgery and aids in dissection for children with intractable infection. Although this technique reliably controls infrahyoid disease and improves access to the hyoid and posterior hyoid space, it does nothing to address the difficulties of following the thyroglossal tract into the tongue base.
Direct Visualization of Laryngeal Mucociliary Clearance in Adults
Authors: O’Neil Luke M. , Jefferson Niall D. 
Published: July 2019

Objectives: Mucociliary clearance is a protective mechanism of the respiratory tract that facilitates the removal of foreign particles and microorganisms. There is a paucity of data on the mucociliary clearance in the adult larynx. Our study aims to visualize and describe the mucociliary clearance of the adult larynx in healthy subjects. Methodology: Subjects were identified from a volunteer database. Exclusion criteria included laryngeal disease, previous laryngeal surgery, recent upper respiratory infection, and current smoking. A high-definition videolaryngoscope was used to visualize the larynx. The larynx was topicalised with local anesthetic. Methylene blue was placed on both false vocal cords and at the petiole of the epiglottis. Dye clearance was recorded and analyzed. Results: In total, 10 participants participated, 7 men and 3 women, with a mean age of 42 ± 15.7 years (range: 25-71). The average reflux symptom index score was 1.4. Clearance of the dye from the false vocal cords followed a uniform lateral flow, up onto the aryepiglottic folds. The dye from the petiole had minimal vertical movement. Swallowing cleared dye from the aryepiglottic folds. The average time for dye clearance to the aryepiglottic fold was 2.21 ± 1.14 minutes. Conclusions: This is the first study visualizing the mucociliary clearance of the larynx. Ciliary directionality was consistent in the participants studied, with dye moving superolateral from the false cords to the aryepiglottic fold. Swallowing was an effective mechanism for clearance from the endolarynx, when the dye had reached the aryepiglottic fold. Future research can study potential alterations in laryngeal mucociliary clearance in chronic disease states.
The Moral Dangers of Technocratic Medicine
Authors: Travaline John M. 
Published: July 2019

Current healthcare practices are becoming increasingly threatened by technocracy, and the influence of technocratic oversight of medicine as a profession compromises good, compassionate care. A real-life case illustrating how technocratic oversight in health care threatens the practice of medicine and health care in general serves as a basis for discussing some of the common perils inherent in a technocratic model of medicine. This article suggests antidotes and concludes with alternate pathways to practice medicine amid technocratic challenges. Summary: This article discusses technocracy in current U.S. healthcare in order to raise awareness of its potentially negative effects. It then offers an overview of remedies based on Christian anthropology.