bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breaking Bad: An Assessment of Ophthalmologists' Interpersonal Skills and Training on Delivering Bad News
Authors: Fuerst Nicole , Watson Jessica , Langelier Nicole , Atkinson R. , Ying Gui-Shuang , Pan Wei , Palladino Vincent , Russell Collin , Lin Vanessa , Tapino Paul , O'Brien Joan 
Published: July 2018

Purpose This article aims to assess ophthalmologists' practice patterns, experiences, and self-perceived skills when delivering bad news to patients and to compare this to patients' experience and preferences in receiving bad news from ophthalmologists.
Design/Methods This is a prospective cross-sectional survey study of two populations: (1) Attending ophthalmologists and current ophthalmologists-in-training (N = 202) at accredited ophthalmology residency programs in the United States and Canada. (2) Patients (N = 151) 18 years of age and older at a single academic center who had received bad news from their ophthalmologist. An e-mail was sent to ophthalmology department chairs and resident program directors requesting that they distribute an online survey to their faculty, fellows, and residents. Patients were recruited from the clinics at an academic center and completed a self-administered survey before their scheduled appointments. Both populations were surveyed on their experience in breaking and receiving bad news, respectively. Questions were rated on a standard five-point Likert scale, and mean score was calculated for statistical comparison. The primary outcome variable was the quantitative rating (Likert scale 1–5) of physicians' communication skills when delivering bad news from physicians and patients' responses.
Results Patients rated their physicians higher than physicians rated themselves with regard to ability to deliver bad news (mean score of 4.23 vs. 3.48, p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis showed frequent delivery of bad news (mean score of 3.66 for once per day, 3.53 for per week, 3.40 for once per month, and 3.22 for once per year, linear trend; p = 0.004) and years of practice were associated with better self-perceived ability to deliver bad news (mean score of 3.75 for ≥15 years, 3.48 for <15 years, and 3.30 for residents/fellows, linear trend; p < 0.001). Having received formal training in breaking bad news was associated with better perceived ability score, yet not statistically significant (3.51 vs. 3.39, p = 0.31). Most patients (97.5%) and physicians (92.1%) believe delivering bad news can be taught.
Conclusion Physicians and patients agree that skills of delivering bad news can be learned. Patients are less critical of their physicians' ability to deliver bad news than physicians are themselves. Further study of best methods to deliver bad news is clearly indicated for the field of ophthalmology.
Analysing linguistic information about word combinations for a Spanish-Basque rule-based machine translation
system
Authors: Iñurrieta Uxoa , Aduriz Itziar , Díaz de Ilarraza Arantza , Labaka Gorka , Sarasola Kepa 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This paper describes an in-depth analysis of noun + verb combinations in Spanish-Basque translations. Firstly, we
examined noun + verb constructions in the dictionary, and confirmed that this kind of MWU varies considerably from
language to language, which justifies the need for their specific treatment in MT systems. Then, we searched for those
combinations in a parallel corpus, and we selected the most frequently-occurring ones to analyse them further and
classify them according to their level of syntactic fixedness and semantic compositionality. We tested whether adding
linguistic data relevant to MWUs improved the detection of Spanish combinations, and we found that, indeed, the number
of MWUs identified increased by 30.30% with a precision of 97.61%. Finally, we also evaluated how an RBMT system
translated the MWUs we analysed, and concluded that at least 44.44% needed to be corrected or improved.
Aligning verb + noun collocations to improve a French-Romanian FSMT system
Authors: Todiraşcu Amalia , Navlea Mirabela 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We present several Verb + Noun collocation integration methods using linguistic information, aiming to improve the
results of a French-Romanian factored statistical machine translation system (FSMT). The system uses lemmatised,
tagged and sentence-aligned legal parallel corpora. Verb + Noun collocations are frequent word associations, sometimes
discontinuous, related by syntactic links and with non-compositional sense (Gledhill, 2007). Our first strategy extracts collocations from monolingual corpora, using a hybrid method
which combines morphosyntactic properties and frequency criteria. The second method applies a bilingual collocation
dictionary to identify collocations. Both methods transform collocations into single tokens before alignment. The
third method applies a specific alignment algorithm for collocations. We evaluate the influence of these collocation
alignment methods on the results of the lexical alignment and of the FSMT system.
The ontology of natural language
Authors: Postal Paul M. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This chapter discusses natural language ontology, focusing on the nature of sentences. Two contrasting views about such elements are considered. First, the naturalistic view takes sentences to be elements of the physical world. There are two variants. One, which regards sentences as utterances, has few if any current advocates. The other, which views sentences as mental/biological things, is currently dominant, defining the position of Noam Chomsky. Second, there is the nonnaturalistic, Platonist view advocated intensively by Jerrold J. Katz, which takes sentences to be abstract objects. This view is consistent with the fact that sentences are timeless, locationless entities entering into no causal relations. Only the naturalistic view is inconsistent with actual linguistics, where sentences are uniformly treated in set-theoretical terms.
What kind of science is linguistics?
Authors: Pitt David 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
I argue that what determines whether a science is ‘formal’ or ‘empirical’ is not the ontological status of its objects of study, but, rather, its methodology. Since all sciences aim at generalizations, and generalizations concern types, if types are abstract (non-spatiotemporal) objects, then all sciences are concerned to discover the nature of certain abstract objects. What distinguishes empirical from formal sciences is how they study such things. If the types of a science have observable instances (‘tokens’), then the nature of the types may be determined empirically. If they types have either abstract tokens, or no tokens at all, their nature must be determined by non-empirical methods involving intuition, reasoning and proof. I conclude that the status of (theoretical) linguistics depends on the methodologies of syntax, semantics, phonology, morphology and orthography (and any other subdiscipline that is concerned with the study of the structure of language).
The relevance of realism for language evolution theorizing
Authors: Behme Christina 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
It may appear counterintuitive to suggest a connection between language evolution and linguistic realism. Only biological objects evolve but linguistic realism holds that natural languages are abstract objects. However, given the fact that currently no approach to language evolution can account satisfactorily for all aspects of language, I suggest that reconsidering the ontological status of natural languages might lead to novel approaches to language evolution puzzles. Most contemporary work on language evolution assumes without argument that natural languages are either biological entities or produced by biological organs (human brains), and focuses on brain evolution, language acquisition, and communication systems of other primates. Yet, so far such approaches have been unable to account for some aspects of grammar. Furthermore, to date little is known about the bio-physiological implementation of natural languages. I suggest that the debate could profit from paying closer attention to the ontological status of language and the exact relationship between language and biology. Finally, I discuss the kinds of evidence used in linguistic research and demonstrate that, contra to widespread belief, the linguistic Platonist is neither relying on inferior evidence nor ruling out evidence that is clearly relevant to linguistic research.
Languages and other abstract structures
Authors: Nefdt Ryan M. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
My aim in this chapter is to extend the Realist account of the foundations of linguistics offered by Postal, Katz and others. I first argue against the idea that naive Platonism can capture the necessary requirements on what I call a ‘mixed realist’ view of linguistics, which takes aspects of Platonism, Nominalism and Mentalism into consideration. I then advocate three desiderata for an appropriate ‘mixed realist’ account of linguistic ontology and foundations, namely (1) linguistic creativity and infinity, (2) linguistics as a theory of types (and not tokens) and (3) independence but structural respect between language and the linguistic competence thereof. My own brand of mixed realism, what I call ante rem realism, is defended along the lines of an ante rem or non-eliminative structuralism, the likes of which has been offered for mathematics by Resnik (1997) and Shapiro (1997). In other words, grammars describe a mind-independent (but not necessarily unconnected) linguistic reality in terms of linguistic patterns or structures also known as natural languages. I further amend this picture to allow for the possibility of a naturalistic account of language acquisition and evolution by arguing against a particular view of the type-token distinction.
Autonomous Declarative Phonology
Authors: Neef Martin 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In the paradigm of Linguistic Realism, phonology deals with abstract objects. Consequently, phonological units cannot be derived from phonetics as the material side of speech production and reception. I suggest a theoretical approach that conceives of phonology as autonomous from phonetics; hence Autonomous Declarative Phonology. The central questions of this kind of phonology are: What are the phonological elements of a specific language system (in particular: German)? How can these phonological elements be combined in the language under analysis? I give a definition of what phonology is and show how individual phonological units can be motivated. In order to give a model-theoretic reconstruction of phonological sequences, I make reference to the concept of syllable, employing and re-interpreting ideas from generative phonology and other approaches such as hierarchical syllable structure, CV-phonology, and sonority.
Explaining linguistic facts in a realist theory of word formation
Authors: Nolda Andreas 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The present paper examines foundational issues of a realist word-formation theory. A realist linguistic theory, as it is understood here, takes linguistic units and the linguistic systems that determine them to be abstract entities. With respect to such a word-formation theory, the following two questions are discussed:

What are the word-formation facts to be described and explained or predicted?

What linguistic objects are those word-formation facts about?

Presupposing the axiomatically formalized Pattern-and-Restriction Theory (PR), it is proposed that the word-formation facts to be described and explained or predicted are true statements of word-formation relations in the linguistic system under consideration, and that those facts are about abstract lexical units in the sense of the realist framework of Integrational Linguistics (IL). On the example of a word-formation pattern in some spoken Modern German system it is shown how deductive-nomological (DN) explanations or predictions of word-formation facts can be logically derived from theorems of the PR theory and theorems of a grammar and a dictionary of the linguistic system.
Cognitive propositions in realist linguistics
Authors: Soames Scott 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The paper presents a cognitive conception of propositions as semantic contents of (some) declarative sentences. The conception expands solution spaces for previously intractable empirical problems in natural-language semantics and pragmatics, while also explaining how an agent who is unable to cognize propositions can know or believe them, and how sophisticated agents acquire the concept and believe things about them by monitoring their own cognitions. Finally, an account is given of what it is for a sentence to mean that p in a language that doesn’t require having thoughts about p or L. Nevertheless, semantics isn’t psychology; agents with different psychologies can speak semantically identical languages, while those with the same purely internal states (embedded in similar immediate environments) can speak different languages. Cognitive semantics can be realist and naturalistic without being a branch of psychology.
Improvement of mechanical properties of cast pure titanium by repeated heat treatment
Authors: Jung Jae Hyun , Choi Jaeho , Lee Byoung-Soo , Na Tae-Wook , Kim Hyung Giun , Park Hyung-Ki 
Published: July 2018

Pure titanium components fabricated by casting have a coarse grain microstructure. To improve the mechanical strength of pure titanium components by refining the grain size, the cast samples were repeatedly heat-treated. During the heat treatment, the titanium samples were repeatedly heated above the alpha-to-beta ( α– β) transition temperature and cooled to room temperature to undergo phase transformation. The heating cycle was performed 1, 3, 5, and 7 times. As the number of heating cycles increased, the grain size decreased. The tensile strength was 267.9 MPa in the as-cast sample and improved to 343.4 MPa after 7 heat-treatment cycles owing to the grain size refinement, while the elongation was maintained during the heat treatment. This paper is part of a thematic issue on Titanium.
Differences in step characteristics and linear kinematics between rugby players and sprinters during initial sprint acceleration
Authors: Wild James J. , Bezodis Ian N. , North Jamie S. , Bezodis Neil E. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe initial steps of a sprint are important in team sports, such as rugby, where there is an inherent requirement to maximally accelerate over short distances. Current understanding of sprint acceleration technique is primarily based on data from track and field sprinters, although whether this information is transferable to athletes such as rugby players is unclear, due to differing ecological constraints. Sagittal plane video data were collected (240 Hz) and manually digitised to calculate the kinematics of professional rugby forwards (n = 15) and backs (n = 15), and sprinters (n = 18; 100 m personal best range = 9.96–11.33 s) during the first three steps of three maximal sprint accelerations. Using a between‐group research design, differences between groups were determined using magnitude‐based inferences, and within‐group relationships between technique variables and initial sprint acceleration performance were established using correlation. Substantial between‐group differences were observed in multiple variables. Only one variable, toe‐off distance, differed between groups (d = −0.42 to −2.62) and also demonstrated meaningful relationships with sprint performance within all three groups (r = −0.44 to −0.58), whereby a stance foot position more posterior relative to the centre of mass at toe‐off was associated with better sprint performance. While toe‐off distance appears to be an important technical feature for sprint acceleration performance in both sprinters and rugby players, caution should be applied to the direct transfer of other kinematic information from sprinters to inform the technical development of acceleration in team sports athletes.
Morphological and Structural Properties of CVD Deposited Titanium Aluminium Nitride (TiAlN) Thin Films
Authors: Das Soham , Guha Spandan , Ghadai Ranjan , Kumar Dhruva , Swain Bibhu P. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Titanium aluminium nitride (TiAlN) thin film coatings were synthesized via Atmospheric pressure chemical vapour deposition (APCVD) at various deposition temperature using titanium di-oxide (TiO2) powder, Al powder (99% pure) and N2 gas. The thin films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for analysing the morphological, vibrational and compositional characteristics of the deposited film. SEM images showed successful deposition of TiAlN thin film over Si wafers. Raman peaks revealed the optical phonon bands of the coated thin film within a range of 214.6-335.1 cm-1and 552.63-815.23 cm-1 for acoustic and optic range respectively at different processing temperatures. XPS spectra clearly showed the presence of different phases like Ti-N, Ti-O-N, Al2O3, N-Al, TiO2 Al-O in Ti (2p), Al (2p) and N (1s) orbitals, which is in a good agreement with past work.
Development of PCM (paraffin wax) based Latent heat Storage type Solar powered Thermo-electric generator
Authors: Mahto P K , Chaudhary R , Chowdhury S , Alham Md. , Dutta S R 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Solar energy is a renewable energy source, from that electricity can be generated. In response to increasing electrical energy costs, large number of thermal storage technology has been introduced by various researchers. The latent heat storage type system got a good response for the storage of solar energy in various applications. In the present work, an attempt has been made to showcase the utilization of solar energy to produce electrical energy using paraffin wax as phase change material and Peltier modules. In this experiment 5kg of paraffin wax has been used in a cylindrical absorber to store the thermal energy. The experimental results show that the time average minimum and maximum temperature of paraffin wax varies from 31.56°C to 94.24 °C in day1, 29.59 °C to 88.12 °C in day2, 32.02 °C to 88.36 C in day3 and also the minimum and maximum voltage generated by the peltier module varies from to 0.07V to 0.507V in day 1, 0.063V to 0.428V in day2, 0.072V to 0.428V in day3 of experimentation.
Performance analysis of a mixed mode forced convection solar dryer with and without thermal energy storage heat exchanger
Authors: Lakshmi D.V.N. , Layek A. , Muthukumar P 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
A mixed mode forced convection solar dryer with and without thermal energy storage is developed for drying of different agricultural products. The drying kinetics of bitter gourd has been investigated under open sun drying and using solar dryer. The average drying efficiency of mixed mode solar dryer with thermal energy storage system was 32 % and without thermal energy storage, it was found to be 24.5%. The bitter gourd slices were dried from initial moisture content of 90% (wb) to the final moisture content of 9 % (wb) within 6 hr, 8 hr and 11 hr in solar dryer with thermal energy storage system, solar dryer without thermal storage and open sun drying conditions. The drying kinetics studies were performed for the three conditions and found that Midilli –Kucuk model was suited for the product dried in solar dryer and logarithmic model was found to fit for the open sun dried product. The color change values of the fresh, solar dried and open sun dried samples were 65.4, 56.8 and 46.8 respectively.
Finite Element Analysis of Static Linkage of Engine Connecting Rod Based on Algor
Authors: Xu Chunming , Luo Bowen 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The finite element static analysis software Algor is used to simulate and analyze the engine connecting rod, and the distribution diagram of the change of stress and displacement is obtained. Theoretically, the force analysis of engine connecting rod is carried out, which provides a necessary theoretical basis for further structural design and optimization of engine connecting rod.
RETRACTED: Research on Internet of Things Data Mining Based on Cloud Computing Platform
Authors: Liao Enhong 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
With the rapid development of the current society, the value of the information industry in the development of the national economy is becoming more important. The Internet of things is one of the most important technical means. As an important component in the Internet of Things, data mining technology plays an important complementary role. This paper briefly analyzes the basic connotation of cloud computing and Internet of Things (IoT), expounds the typical features of data mining technology, and focuses on the research of IoT data mining based on cloud computing platform. It has high practical value through experimental testing.
Graphical User Interface (GUI) of GPS Data (Dumy Data)
Authors: Kholil M , Wahyudin D 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Increasingly growing technology also develops software (software) for computers such as mission planner. This mission planner works to remotely control remote with telemetry support and GPS background to use graphical user interface (GUI) so that it can describe mapping of ship position existence and depth which have been passed by the tool. Meanwhile, for the simulation using autopilot (unmanned) which its manufacture using C + + language. What is done in this survey ship experiment is that it can transmit data to the graphical user interface for processing and mapping made in simulation we use dummy data to measure success in the manufacture. The hypothesis of this research is that graphical user interface can display soil contour graph that can show depth of river and use original map taken directly from Bingo maps online for tracking GPS. But in the simulation experiments in Visual Studio to display graphical user interface not in accordance with the hypothesis that should display 3D is still 2D.
Radio Altimeter (Radalt) Simulator on Aircraft using Arduino UNO
Authors: Ramdhani A R , Saripudin A 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This research proposes the architecture simulation radio altimeter (radalt) on aircraft using the Arduino UNO. This research is a method of experimentation through the process of designing the software and hardware configuration, components, implementation tools and the evaluation of the test results of simulation of the radio altimeter (radalt) on aircraft using the Arduino UNO. On the design of the simulation tool is the main set of 6 blocks. Arduino Uno as a microcontroller to process input from the sensors and results will be displayed on the display panel that contains the 16x6 LCD, LED, and Buzzer. Meanwhile, dc motor and servo motor used for the mechanism of the movement of the model plane. The results of the research of the LCD will show the distance indicating system goes according to the design.
Learning Media Based on Augmented Reality Applied on the Lesson of Electrical Network Protection System
Authors: Aditya F , Trisno B 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Technology is created and developed to help people work more efficiently. One of them is Augmented Reality technology. Augmented Reality is a technology that combines two or three dimensional virtual objects into the real three-dimensional environments, then it is projecting the virtual objects in real time, in this case it was possible to help ease the learning process for displaying props and also to increase students attention. In this study, the learning media based on Augmented Reality applied to the subject of Electrical Network Protection System.