bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced directly-observed treatment short-course for tuberculosis control program in mountain areas of Taiwan
Authors: Huang Yi-Wen , Tsao Chang-Yao , Chen Wei-Wen , Yen Pai-Sheng , Lee Jen-Jyh , Huang Sheng-Shiung , Yang Hao-Jan 
Published: February 2019

Introduction: Directly Observed Treatment Short course (DOTS) is one of the most cost-effective approaches for TB treatment. However, TB incidence rates remain high in the mountain areas of Taiwan. A lay health advisor (LHA) strategy is integrated into DOTS as an Enhanced-DOTS (E-DOTS) to provide trustworthy, culturally-specific services in mountain areas that consider the characteristics of local ethnic groups.
Methodology: We recruited two Taiwanese indigenes as LHAs (one for each county) to screen close contacts in five townships of Hualien and Nantou counties from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2013. Incidence and active finding rates of TB during the E-DOTS periods (2011-2013 for Hualien and 2012-2013 for Nantou) were compared with data when traditional DOTS was implemented (2006-2010 for Hualien and 2006-2011 for Nantou) to evaluate the effectiveness of E-DOTS using the before-and-after study design.
Results: Incidence rate in Hualien decreased from 393.3 in 2011 to 235.7 in 2013 per 100,000 population and from 338 in 2012 to 235.5 in 2013 in Nantou mountain area. Furthermore, the active case finding rate increased from 15.42% in 2012 to 27.38% in 2013 as compared to an average of 6.5% for CDC, Taiwan, for the specified years. TB treatment success rates were significantly improved from an average of less than 80% to an average of higher than 90% after E-DOTS was implemented.
Conclusions: Our findings highlighted that the use of LHAs in E-DOTS is an effective and applicable strategy for controlling tuberculosis in the mountain areas of Taiwan.
Serologic characteristics of hepatitis B virus among hill-tribe children in Omkoi district, Chiangmai province, Thailand
Authors: Khamduang Woottichai , Ponchomcheun Nichagamon , Yaaupala Witchuda , Puwaruengpat Phongpatchara , Hongjaisee Sayamon , Samleerat Tanawan , Yanola Jintana , Pornprasert Sakorn , Ratanasthien Kwanchai , Jourdain Gonzague , Ngo-Giang-Huong Nicole , Sirirungsi Wasna 
Published: February 2019

Introduction: Thailand has integrated hepatitis B (HB) vaccination of newborns into the national Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in 1992. This has led to a dramatic decrease of HBsAg prevalence in children. However, HB vaccine coverage in remote areas is not well-known. This study aimed to investigate serologic characteristics of hepatitis B virus (HBV) among hill-tribe children in Omkoi District, Chiangmai Province, Thailand.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted on stored samples collected from hill-tribe children attending the primary/secondary school in Omkoi District in December 2014. Sera were tested for HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc using enzyme immunoassays (MUREX, DiaSorin, Italy). Samples with anti-HBc positive were further assessed for HBV DNA using an in-house HBV DNA semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay.
Results: Of 210 children evaluated, 4 (1.9%:95% CI 0.5-4.8) were HBsAg-positive. Of the 206 children HBsAg negative, 17 were anti-HBc and anti-HBs positive, 15 anti-HBc positive only, 26 anti-HBs positive only and 148 negative for both anti-HBc and anti-HBs. None of the children with anti-HBc were positive for HBV DNA.
Conclusions: A high percentage of children had no markers of HBV protection suggesting that HB vaccine coverage was not optimal in this area. Our results warrant HBV serologic investigations in other remote areas to assess whether HB vaccine coverage needs to be improved and to identify children who should be vaccinated.
A qualitative study of hand hygiene compliance among health care workers in intensive care units
Authors: Ay Pinar , Teker Ayse Gulsen , Hidiroglu Seyhan , Tepe Pinar , Surmen Aysen , Sili Uluhan , Korten Volkan , Karavus Melda 
Published: February 2019

Introduction: Studies indicate that adherence to hand hygiene guidelines is at suboptimal levels. We aimed to explore the reasons for poor hand hygiene compliance.
Methodology: A qualitative study based on the Theory of Planned Behavior as a framework in explaining compliance, consisting four focus group discussions and six in-depth interviews.
Results: Participants mostly practiced hand hygiene depending on the sense of "dirtiness" and "cleanliness". Some of the participants indicated that on-job training delivered by the infection control team changed their perception of "emotionally" based hand hygiene to "indication" based. Direct observations and individual feedback on one-to-one basis were the core of this training. There was low social cohesiveness and a deep polarization between the professional groups that led one group accusing the other for not being compliant.
Conclusions: The infection control team should continue delivering one-to-one trainings based on observation and immediate feedback. But there is need to base this training model on a structured behavioral modification program and test its efficacy through a quasi-experimental design. Increasing social cohesiveness and transforming the blaming culture to a collaborative safety culture is also crucial to improve compliance. High workload, problems related to work-flow and turnover should be addressed.
Tuberculosis outbreak among high school students in Novi Pazar, Serbia 2016: a retrospective-cohort study
Authors: Stosic Maja B , Plavsa Dragana , Mavroeidi Nikoletta , Jovanovic Dragana , Vucinic Violeta , Stevanovic Goran , Sagic Lidija , Spahic Sefadil , Rakic Uros , Grgurevic Anita 
Published: February 2019

Introduction: Between February and November 2016, 17 tuberculosis (TB) cases were identified among high school students in Novi Pazar, Serbia. The objectives of our study were to describe the outbreak, to identify potential risk factors and to evaluate the applied control measures.
Methodology: The outbreak was described by time, person and place. A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Attack rates, unadjusted relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Multiple log-binomial regression analysis was performed to calculate adjusted RR.
Results: Sixteen of the total 17 cases occurred among grade 3 students, AR 5.5%. Previous TB family history, (RR = 5.29; 95% CI = 1.63-17.12), spending time with a known TB case at school (RR = 5.38; 95% CI = 1.48-19.55) and exposure to secondhand smoke (RR = 3.37; 95% CI = 1.11-10.29) were all significantly and independently associated with the occurrence of TB.
Conclusions: Delayed diagnosis and reporting resulted in delayed initiation of the contact investigation and non-identification of latent TB cases probably favored the occurrence of this outbreak in a low incidence country. Public health authorities should consider revising the existing guidelines, promoting inter-sectorial collaboration and increasing awareness of public health professionals.
Feasibility and Effect of a Multidimensional Support Program to Improve Gerotranscendence Perception and Depression for Older Adults: A Pragmatic Cluster–Randomized Control Study
Authors: Chen Shu-Chuan , Moyle Wendy , Jones Cindy 
Published: February 2019

Improving perception of gerotranscendence can increase life satisfaction in older adults to achieve successful aging. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and effect of a multidimensional support program (MSP) on gerotranscendence and depression in community-dwelling older adults. Using a cluster–randomized control trial design, four sites (98 participants) were randomly assigned to a MSP or control group. The Gerotranscendence Scale and Geriatric Depression Scale were administered pre- and postintervention. A total of 91 participants completed the study. The mean attendance rates in the MSP and control groups were 85.5% and 84.3%, respectively. The MSP was found to significantly enhance the perception of gerotranscendence in older adults but not their level of depression. This study demonstrated the MSP is a feasible and effective program to improve perception of gerotranscendence and may potentially lead to positive psychological well-being for older adults.[Res Gerontol Nurs. 2019; 12(3):148–158.]
Annaeus Cornutus and the Stoic Allegorical Tradition: Meaning, Sources, and Impact
Authors: Ramelli Ilaria L.E. 
Published: February 2019

The Roman Stoic Cornutus, who lived in the age of Nero, is the heir of an ancient and rich Stoic allegorical tradition applied to all aspects of traditional religion: literary myths, cultic epithets and attributes, and even iconographical representations of deities. Allegoresis (allegorical exegesis) was applied in antiquity to culturally and religiously authoritative texts. It was mainly practiced by “pagan” philosophers like Stoics and Middle and Neoplatonists and by philosophically minded Hellenistic Jewish and Christian exegetes, who read Scripture allegorically.Cornutus offers an excellent example of mythological allegoresis in his handbook of Greek theology. For each divinity, from Ouranos to Hades, Cornutus provides an allegorico-etymological interpretation of its names and epithets, its attributes, aspects of its myths and rituals, etc. Physical allegory (Zeus represents the ether, Hera the air, etc.) is prevalent, although there are also examples of ethical and historical exegeses. Special attention is demanded by Cornutus’ programmatic assertion—analysed below—that “The ancients were not people of no account, but they were also able to understand the nature of the cosmos and had the ability to philosophise on it by means of symbols and enigmata” (35). The ancient were nothing less than philosophers, since they were endowed with the understanding of the cosmos, of what exists. What they expressed allegorically are philosophical truths. Philosophical allegoresis interprets their expressions and finds philosophical tenets therein. Cornutus was strongly influenced by Chrysippus, Apollodorus of Athens, and Crates of Mallus, while Seneca, who was a Stoic but no allegorist, probably polemicised with Cornutus.Stoic allegoresis, as practiced by the Stoics Cornutus and Chaeremon roughly at the same time, later influenced not only the so-called Middle Platonists, but also the Christian Platonist Origen. Origen seems to have applied allegoresis not only to the Bible, like Philo and Clement before him, but also to Plato’s dialogues and myths. All these allegorisers aimed at finding deeper meanings and philosophical truths in traditional accounts, thereby rescuing them from accusations of superficiality or impiety. The goal was to find in ancient poets and other expressions of traditional religion, as well as in Scripture, meanings “worthy of the divine.” Remarkable structural similarities between the Stoic allegorical tradition inherited by Cornutus and Origen’s allegoresis will be pointed out.
Fortifier en terre crue au xviie siècle
Authors: Hurard Séverine , Mercé Gwenaël 
Published: February 2019

L’escarpe maçonnée mise en évidence à Saint-Germain-en-Laye constitue, à ce jour, un exemple unique d’utilisation de la terre crue, appliquée à la fortification du xviie siècle, qui cache sans doute une réalité largement sous-estimée. Le cas de l’escarpe maçonnée de terre crue du Fort-Saint-Sébastien témoigne du soin apporté à la construction d’une fortification de campagne éphémère et donne la mesure des investissements techniques et logistiques d’un chantier de terrassement de la guerre de siège qui, aux portes de Paris, en temps de paix, mobilise d’importantes ressources matérielles et humaines, dans le cadre d’une répétition à échelle réduite des capacités opérationnelles des armées de Louis XIV.
Le projet ALeRT
Authors: Daire Marie-Yvane , Olmos Pau , López-Romero Elías 
Published: February 2019

Cet article propose de présenter les enjeux et les actions du projet ALeRT (Archéologie, Littoral et Réchauffement Terrestre), porté par le Centre de Recherche en Archéologie, Archéosciences, Histoire (CReAAH) et l’Observatoire des Sciences de l’Univers de Rennes (OSUR). Les changements climatiques touchent les zones côtières avec des effets diversifiés ; ainsi l’érosion littorale, combinée à certaines pressions anthropiques, affecte non seulement les systèmes naturels mais aussi l’ensemble du patrimoine culturel, historique et archéologique des côtes de la Manche et de l’Atlantique. Cette perte de patrimoine et de données scientifiques demandait à être prise en compte d’urgence. La démarche scientifique engagée dans le cadre du projet ALeRT comprend à la fois : un volet recherche (réflexion sur la vulnérabilité et le risque en milieu littoral, appliqués au patrimoine culturel) ; un volet observation (avec mise au point d’outils normalisés, d’une base de données interactive et d’applications dédiées) ; et enfin une démarche participative (développement de réseaux). à terme, c’est le développement de l’archéologie préventive littorale qui est visé, à l’interface des domaines marin et terrestre.
Le Marais-Vert à Strasbourg.
Authors: Xandry Catherine 
Published: February 2019

Le quartier du Marais-Vert, à Strasbourg, s’inscrit dans l’extension de l’enceinte de la fin du xive siècle. Il se situe plus précisément entre le Faubourg-National et le faubourg de Pierre. Se présentant comme un espace ouvert, très faiblement bâti, et composé de cultures, de jardins et de bâtiments agricoles, il semble demeurer un espace presque rural dans la ville intra-muros et ce jusqu’à la fin du xixe siècle. Cependant, on y rencontre aussi des fonctions urbaines variées, temporaires ou périodiques (gibet, champ de tir d’arbalétriers, dépotoir, marché au bois…) qui s’y succèdent sans s’y fixer réellement. De même, à partir du xviiie siècle, la municipalité y envisage des projets urbanistiques, dont un bon nombre ne se concrétisent pas. Il s’agit de l’un des rares espaces intra-muros où elle peut se moderniser sans avoir à raser trop d’éléments. Cependant, si l’on constate la continuité de cette « réserve » de la ville jusqu’à la période contemporaine, son explication reste pour l’instant l’objet d’hypothèses.
Remèdes et médicaments au début du xxe siècle
Authors: Brouillaud Stéphane , Horry Alban 
Published: February 2019

Une fouille préventive menée à Vénissieux (Rhône) a permis d’étudier une zone de rejets collective de type décharge publique constituée, en grande partie, des déchets domestiques : céramiques, verres, vaisselles en fer émaillé et coquilles d’huîtres. La variété des produits, tant régionaux que d’importation, et les divers emballages découverts illustrent notamment les soins médicaux utilisés dans la sphère domestique à la fin du xixe et au début du xxe siècle. Les milliers de contenants rejetés sont assez souvent en céramique, faïence fine ou porcelaine, mais c’est surtout le flaconnage et les bouteilles en verre qui contribuent à la vente des préparations de pharmacie ou des produits dérivés. Le verre s’impose d’ailleurs au xixe siècle face à la céramique car il pouvait être stérilisé. Le lot découvert met aussi l’accent sur la naissance et l’importance de l’industrie pharmaceutique et biologique à Lyon qui s’affirme, déjà à cette époque, comme un grand centre de production et qui n’aura de cesse de se développer tout au long du xxe siècle.
Panorama dos programas de pós-graduação da área de planejamento urbano e regional e demografia: a lacuna nas regiões Norte, Centro-Oeste e Nordeste
Authors: Staloch Rubens , Rocha Isa de Oliveira 
Published: February 2019

Os Programas de Pós-Graduação no Brasil iniciaram sua trajetória nos anos de 1950, sendo que os primeiros Programas da área de Planejamento Urbano e Regional (PUR), assim denominados inicialmente, sem o campo da Demografia (D), surgem na década de 1970. Porém, por mais de uma década a contar de 1980, não ocorreu sua expansão territorial, verificada após os anos de 1990, sobretudo, nos anos 2000, inclusive, com a criação de Mestrados Profissionais. Atualmente, a área de avaliação na Capes é denominada Planejamento Urbano e Regional e Demografia (PLURD). Desta forma, ao buscar dados e informações, por meio de análise documental no Relatório de Avaliação da Área(2017), no websiteGeoCapes e na Plataforma Sucupira, objetivou-se realizar uma análise descritiva e quantitativa acerca dos Programas de Pós-Graduação da área PLURD no país. Como resultados, se pode destacar que há lacuna ou baixa oferta de Programas na área PLURD nas regiões Norte, Centro-Oeste e Nordeste; há igualmente baixa oferta de Programas Profissionais; e há ausência de Programas de Doutorado na região Centro-Oeste do país. Considerando a relevância da área, com destaque para a sua multi, inter e transdisciplinaridade, para o processo de desenvolvimento local e regional, se fazem necessários esforços para que todas as regiões do país possuam programas afins, que podem contribuir para o processo de reflexão teórica e prática aplicadas ao planejamento territorial [urbano e/ou regional].
A Touch-Observation and Task-Based Mirror Therapy Protocol to Improve Sensorimotor Control and Functional Capability of Hands for Patients With Peripheral Nerve Injury
Authors: Hsu Hsiu-Yun , Chen Po-Tsun , Kuan Ta-Shen , Yang Hsiu-Ching , Shieh Shyh-Jou , Kuo Li-Chieh 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Importance: To develop a practical program in the early phase after nerve repair for more rapid return of function.
Objective: To investigate the effects of touch-observation and task-based mirror therapy on the sensorimotor outcomes of patients with nerve repair.
Design: An assessor-blinded study with a randomized controlled design.
Setting: University hospital.
Participants: We recruited 12 patients with median or ulnar nerve repair between the level of midpalm and elbow referred by the plastic surgeons.
Intervention: The patients were randomized into touch-observation and task-based mirror therapy or control groups, and both groups received training for 12 wk.
Outcomes and Measures: The Semmes–Weinstein monofilament (SWM) test, two-point discrimination test, Purdue Pegboard Test (PPT), Minnesota Manual Dexterity Test (MMDT), and pinch-holding-up activity test were assessed at pretreatment, immediately after treatment, and 12 wk after the last treatment.
Results: The experimental group showed greater improvements in the results of the pinch-holding-up activity test and the PPT Unilateral Pin Insertion, Bilateral Pin Insertion, and Assembly subtests. However, change on the SWM test revealed no significant difference between the two groups.
Conclusions and Relevance: Touch-observation and task-based mirror therapy is an effective but low-cost treatment protocol to optimize sensorimotor control and functional capability of the upper limb in patients with peripheral nerve injury.
Intercomparison of atmospheric trace gas dispersion models: Barnett Shale case study
Authors: Karion Anna , Lauvaux Thomas , Lopez Coto Israel , Sweeney Colm , Mueller Kimberly , Gourdji Sharon , Angevine Wayne , Barkley Zachary , Deng Aijun , Andrews Arlyn , Stein Ariel , Whetstone James 
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Greenhouse gas emissions mitigation requires understanding
the dominant processes controlling fluxes of these trace gases at increasingly
finer spatial and temporal scales. Trace gas fluxes can be estimated using a
variety of approaches that translate observed atmospheric species mole
fractions into fluxes or emission rates, often identifying the spatial and
temporal characteristics of the emission sources as well. Meteorological
models are commonly combined with tracer dispersion models to estimate fluxes
using an inverse approach that optimizes emissions to best fit the trace gas
mole fraction observations. One way to evaluate the accuracy of atmospheric
flux estimation methods is to compare results from independent methods,
including approaches in which different meteorological and tracer dispersion
models are used. In this work, we use a rich data set of atmospheric methane
observations collected during an intensive airborne campaign to compare
different methane emissions estimates from the Barnett Shale oil and natural
gas production basin in Texas, USA. We estimate emissions based on a variety
of different meteorological and dispersion models. Previous estimates of
methane emissions from this region relied on a simple model (a mass balance
analysis) as well as on ground-based measurements and statistical data
analysis (an inventory). We find that in addition to meteorological model
choice, the choice of tracer dispersion model also has a significant impact
on the predicted downwind methane concentrations given the same emissions
field. The dispersion models tested often underpredicted the observed
methane enhancements with significant variability (up to a factor of 3)
between different models and between different days. We examine possible
causes for this result and find that the models differ in their simulation of
vertical dispersion, indicating that additional work is needed to evaluate
and improve vertical mixing in the tracer dispersion models commonly used in
regional trace gas flux inversions.
New insights into the environmental factors controlling the ground thermal regime across the Northern Hemisphere: a comparison between permafrost and non-permafrost areas
Authors: Karjalainen Olli , Luoto Miska , Aalto Juha , Hjort Jan 
Published: February 2019

Abstract. The thermal state of permafrost affects Earth surface systems and
human activity in the Arctic and has implications for global climate.
Improved understanding of the local-scale variability in the global ground
thermal regime is required to account for its sensitivity to changing
climatic and geoecological conditions. Here, we statistically related
observations of mean annual ground temperature (MAGT) and active-layer
thickness (ALT) to high-resolution (∼1 km2) geospatial
data of climatic and local environmental conditions across the Northern
Hemisphere. The aim was to characterize the relative importance of key
environmental factors and the magnitude and shape of their effects on MAGT
and ALT. The multivariate models fitted well to both response variables with
average R2 values being ∼0.94 and 0.78.
Corresponding predictive performances in terms of root-mean-square error
were ∼1.31 ∘C and 87 cm. Freezing (FDD) and
thawing (TDD) degree days were key factors for MAGT inside and outside the
permafrost domain with average effect sizes of 6.7 and 13.6 ∘C, respectively. Soil properties had marginal effects on MAGT
(effect size =0.4–0.7 ∘C). For ALT, rainfall (effect size =181 cm) and solar radiation (161 cm) were most influential. Analysis of
variable importance further underlined the dominance of climate for MAGT and
highlighted the role of solar radiation for ALT. Most response shapes for
MAGT ≤0 ∘C and ALT were non-linear and
indicated thresholds for covariation. Most importantly, permafrost
temperatures had a more complex relationship with air temperatures than
non-frozen ground. Moreover, the observed warming effect of rainfall on
MAGT≤0∘C reverted after reaching an optimum at
∼250 mm, and that of snowfall started to level off at
∼300–400 mm. It is suggested that the factors of large
global variation (i.e. climate) suppressed the effects of local-scale
factors (i.e. soil properties and vegetation) owing to the extensive study
area and limited representation of soil organic matter. Our new insights
into the factors affecting the ground thermal regime at a 1 km scale should
improve future hemispheric-scale studies.
Gammarid amphipods (Crustacea) in Norway, with a key to the species
Authors: Vader Wim , Tandberg Anne Helene Solberg 
Published: February 2019

Thirteen species in the amphipod family Gammaridae have been reported from Norway. This paper gives a survey of the distribution and habitat of all 13 species of the family Gammaridae occurring or expected to occur in Norwegian waters: both marine, brackish and fresh, including Svalbard, in addition to four species found in close neighbouring waters. It also provides a short history of the study of Gammaridae in Norway, as well as an illustrated identification key to all species in the area.