bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship of child executive functions to parenting capacities in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia survivors
Authors: Sharkey Christina M. , Clawson Ashley H. , Mullins Larry L. , Brinkman Tara M. , Pui Ching‐Hon , Hudson Melissa M. , Krull Kevin R. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe current study examined associations between child executive functions and parenting capacities in long‐term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).MethodsParticipants included 188 parent‐child dyads; children were at least 8 years of age, 5 years postdiagnosis of ALL, and previously treated with chemotherapy only. Parents completed the Parental Protection Scale (PPS), Child Vulnerability Scale (CVS), and Decision‐Making Questionnaire (DMQ). Children completed measures of executive functioning and general cognitive abilities. Multivariate multiple regression examined associations between child executive functioning and parenting, while controlling for child age, treatment risk, maternal education, and child intelligence quotient. An exploratory aim identified latent profiles of parenting capacities.ResultsHigher child cognitive flexibility (β = –0.16, P = .02) and planning abilities (β = –0.16, P = .049) were related to less parental overprotection. No other neurocognitive measures were related to child autonomy in decision making or perceived child vulnerability. For the exploratory aim, we found (a) a large class defined by normative parenting (94.3%) and (b) a small class characterized by higher levels of child vulnerability and overprotection. Class membership was unrelated to executive functioning, but higher maternal education was related to higher odds of class 2 membership (OR = 0.58, P = .04).ConclusionsResults suggest that parents respond to child executive function difficulties with greater overprotection, which may be adaptive but not conducive to the development of independence. Although most parents report normative levels of child vulnerability and overprotection, a small subset demonstrate parenting practices that may place some survivors at risk for adverse outcomes.
Spiritual assessment and spiritual care offerings as a standard of care in pediatric oncology: A recommendation informed by a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Robert Rhonda , Stavinoha Pete , Jones Barbara L. , Robinson Jacob , Larson Kara , Hicklen Rachel , Smith Blake , Perko Kathleen , Koch Kendra , Findley Stephen , Weaver Meaghann S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractChildren with cancer and their families experience shifts in spiritual wellness from diagnosis through treatment and survivorship or bereavement. An interdisciplinary team conducted a systematic review of quantitative and qualitative research on spiritual assessments, interventions, and outcomes in childhood cancer following PRISMA guidelines using a PROSPERO registered protocol. Thirty‐nine well‐designed studies were included in the final analysis. The findings from this systematic review indicate the need for early spiritual assessment with offering of continued support for the spiritual functioning of children with cancer and their families as a standard of care.
Nanocrystalline cellulose/fluorinated polyacrylate latex via RAFT‐mediated surfactant‐free emulsion polymerization and its application as waterborne textile finishing agent
Authors: Yao Hongtao , Zhou Jianhua , Li Hong , Zhao Jiaojiao 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTA simple method for nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC)/fluorinated polyacrylate was developed by RAFT‐mediated surfactant‐free emulsion polymerization, in which the nanocomposites formed a core‐shell spherical morphology. The influence of the content of NCC‐g‐(PAA‐b‐PHFBA) (AA was acrylic acid, HFBA was hexafluorobutyl acrylate) on the properties of latex and film were systematically studied. The monomer conversion, the tensile strength, and water–oil repellency of film increased first and then decreased, the latex particle size decreased first and then decreased, when the content of NCC‐g‐(PAA‐b‐PHFBA) increased from 1 to 6 wt %. Elongation at break and thermal stability distinctly decreased when the content of NCC‐g‐(PAA‐b‐PHFBA) gradually increased. XPS showed that the fluorine‐containing groups well concentrated at the film–air interfaces during the annealing process. SEM analysis revealed that the treated fiber had a rugged surface, and the treated fabric had an excellent water repellency. In addition, this green grafting method in water offered a new perspective for the fabrication of exceptional NCC‐based nanocomposites with NCC as the core and also helped to promote the potential applicability of NCC in a range of multipurpose applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019 © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1305–1314
Synthesis of Atom‐Precise Chiral Ag14 Clusters Protected by Penicillamine Ligands
Authors: Li Bing , Kong Yu‐Jin , Li Si , Liu Xiao‐Fei , Luo Peng , Zang Shuang‐Quan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA pair of atom‐precise chiral silver(I) nanocluster enantiomers (Ag14‐d and Ag14‐l) protected by d‐ and l‐penicillamine ligands is reported. Crystallographic structures reveal that the nanoclusters consist of a S2− template and a chiral Ag14 core stabilized by 12 penicillamine ligands. The penicillamine ligands show two binding fashions: (i) only thiolate coordination, and (ii) thiolate and carboxylate co‐coordination. Meanwhile, the two enantiomers show strong circular dichroism with opposite signals (mirror image relationship) owing to the chiral metallic core induced by chiral ligands, suggesting that the nanoclusters have well‐defined stereostructures as common chiral molecules do. The proton conductivity is also explored due to the existence of both amino groups and carboxylate groups from the penicillamine ligands, which is beneficial to construct H‐bond network for proton transfer.
Sequential Targeting TGF‐β Signaling and KRAS Mutation Increases Therapeutic Efficacy in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Pei Yuanyuan , Chen Liang , Huang Yukun , Wang Jiahao , Feng Jingxian , Xu Minjun , Chen Yu , Song Qingxiang , Jiang Gan , Gu Xiao , Zhang Qian , Gao Xiaoling , Chen Jun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive malignancy that strongly resists extant treatments. The failure of existing therapies is majorly attributed to the tough tumor microenvironment (TME) limiting drug access and the undruggable targets of tumor cells. The formation of suppressive TME is regulated by transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) signaling, while the poor response and short survival of almost 90% of pancreatic cancer patients results from the oncogenic KRAS mutation. Hence, simultaneously targeting both the TGF‐β and KRAS pathways might dismantle the obstacles of pancreatic cancer therapy. Here, a novel sequential‐targeting strategy is developed, in which antifibrotic fraxinellone‐loaded CGKRK‐modified nanoparticles (Frax‐NP‐CGKRK) are constructed to regulate TGF‐β signaling and siRNA‐loaded lipid‐coated calcium phosphate (LCP) biomimetic nanoparticles (siKras‐LCP‐ApoE3) are applied to interfere with the oncogenic KRAS. Frax‐NP‐CGKRK successfully targets the tumor sites through the recognition of overexpressed heparan sulfate proteoglycan, reverses the activated cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs), attenuates the dense stroma barrier, and enhances tumor blood perfusion. Afterward, siKras‐LCP‐ApoE3 is efficiently internalized by the tumor cells through macropinocytosis and specifically silencing KRAS mutation. Compared with gemcitabine, this sequential‐targeting strategy significantly elongates the lifespans of pancreatic tumor‐bearing animals, hence providing a promising approach for pancreatic cancer therapy.
Nitrogen and Phosphorus Codoped Vertical Graphene/Carbon Cloth as a Binder‐Free Anode for Flexible Advanced Potassium Ion Full Batteries
Authors: Qiu Wenda , Xiao Hongbing , Li Yu , Lu Xihong , Tong Yexiang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWith the fast development in flexible electronic technology, power supply devices with high performance, low‐cost, and flexibility are becoming more and more important. Potassium ion batteries (KIBs) have a brilliant prospect for applications benefiting from high voltage, lost cost, as well as similar electrochemistry to lithium ion batteries (LIBs). Although carbon materials have been studied as KIBs anodes, their rate capability and cycling stability are still unsatisfactory due to the large‐size potassium ions. Herein, a nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) dual‐doped vertical graphene (N, P‐VG) uniformly grown on carbon cloth (N, P‐VG@CC) is reported as a binder‐free anode for flexible KIBs. With the combined advantages of rich active sites, highly accessible surface, highly conductive network, larger interlayer spacing as well as robust structural stability, this binder‐free N, P‐VG@CC anode exhibits high capacity (344.3 mAh g−1), excellent rate capability (2000 mA g−1; 46.5% capacity retention), and prominent long‐term cycling stability (1000 cycles; 82% capacity retention), outperforming most of the recently reported carbonaceous anodes. Moreover, a potassium ion full cell is successfully assembled on the basis of potassium Prussian blue (KPB)//N, P‐VG@CC, exhibiting a large energy density of 232.5 Wh kg−1 and outstanding cycle stability.
Productivity of a preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography isolation of anacardic acids from cashew nut shell liquid
Authors: Oiram Filho Francisco , Zocolo Guilherme J. , Canuto Kirley M. , Silva Junior Ivanildo J. da , de Brito Edy S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe anacardic acids are alkyl phenols, with biological activities, obtained as a byproduct from cashew nut processing. The anacardic acids isolation by preparative reversed phase high‐performance liquid chromatography was developed injecting large pulse from 50 to 200 mg of cashew nut shell liquid through a C18 column eluted with methanol, water and acetic acid (80:20:1). The separations were carried out at 25°C and monitored at 280 nm. Yield, recovery, purity, solvent consumption and productivity were analyzed. The results of anacardic acids isolation pointed the concentration loading of 100 mg as a process threshold leading to a productivity of 0.681 Kg.day−1.Kg−1 of anacardic acids with purity of 96.41, 95.32 and 90.77% for anacardic acid triene, diene and monoene, respectively.
Development of the thalamus: From early patterning to regulation of cortical functions
Authors: Nakagawa Yasushi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe thalamus is a brain structure of the vertebrate diencephalon that plays a central role in regulating diverse functions of the cerebral cortex. In traditional view of vertebrate neuroanatomy, the thalamus includes three regions, dorsal thalamus, ventral thalamus, and epithalamus. Recent molecular embryological studies have redefined the thalamus and the associated axial nomenclature of the diencephalon in the context of forebrain patterning. This new view has provided a useful conceptual framework for studies on molecular mechanisms of patterning, neurogenesis and fate specification in the thalamus as well as the guidance mechanisms for thalamocortical axons. Additionally, the availability of genetic tools in mice has led to important findings on how thalamic development is linked to the development of other brain regions, particularly the cerebral cortex. This article will give an overview of the organization of the embryonic thalamus and how progenitor cells in the thalamus generate neurons that are organized into discrete nuclei. I will then discuss how thalamic development is orchestrated with the development of the cerebral cortex and other brain regions.This article is categorized under:
Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: Regional Development
Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: General Principles
Alignment of Multiple Perspectives: Establishing Common Ground for Triggering Organizational Change
Authors: Oppl Stefan , Stary Christian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis chapter introduces methodological support for transitioning from existing to envisioned work processes via direct actor involvement. It suggests direct actor involvement in the alignment and validation of novel work practices, in particular when digital workflows or instruments are involved that fundamentally impact the modes of individual operation and collaboration. Alignment is required for consolidating various inputs for further processing. In particular, actively involving process participants in process modeling creates a challenge for consolidated digital work design. Process participants are not expected to have modeling skills and usually, they prefer to externalize their knowledge through diagrams that are as simple as possible in terms of both syntax and semantics (‘natural modeling’). Alignment leads to accommodation of novel perspectives on a work process according to the participants’ individual mental models, allowing their implementation in organizational practice after validation.
Epilogue
Authors: Oppl Stefan , Stary Christian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe design of digital work systems requires stakeholder involvement in generating relevant work knowledge. It starts with articulation, and proceeds with sharing and aligning this knowledge in more or less structured design spaces. Once the ultimate goal is to develop executable processes in evolving systems, such as cyber-physical environments, specifications require stakeholders to become skilled in programming (concepts) for automated model execution. In this chapter, we demonstrate that models can be created on an abstract, implementation-independent level, while still being executable. The so-called ground models serve as boundary objects for iterative prototyping and interactive validation of specific process scenarios or situations. Remaining on this level of description allows tracing diagrammatic models while running their code, thus reducing system complexity to manageable components and architectures.
Sarcopenia Affects Systemic and Local Immune System and Impacts Postoperative Outcome in Patients with Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Kitano Yuki , Yamashita Yo‐ichi , Saito Yoichi , Nakagawa Shigeki , Okabe Hirohisa , Imai Katsunori , Komohara Yoshihiro , Miyamoto Yuji , Chikamoto Akira , Ishiko Takatoshi , Baba Hideo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundA decrease in skeletal muscle mass and function, defined as sarcopenia, is associated with poor postoperative outcome in patients with cancers. Although systemic or local immune status impacts cancer progression, the relationship between sarcopenia and these statuses remains unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical impact of sarcopenia and its relationship to immune systems in patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC).MethodsA total of 110 consecutive ECC patients with curative resection between 2005 and 2014 were enrolled. Sarcopenia was determined from skeletal muscle index, assessed by a L3 skeletal muscle mass on axial computed tomography images, and their relationships with patients’ clinicopathological characteristics and survival were evaluated. Systemic immune status was calculated using preoperative laboratory data, and tumor‐infiltrating (TI) immune cells (CD8+ T cells, CD66b+ neutrophils, CD163+ M2 macrophages) assayed by immunohistochemistry, and their relationship to sarcopenia were evaluated.ResultsSarcopenia was present in 31 patients (28.2%). Patients with sarcopenia had a worse recurrence‐free survival (HR 1.87, p = 0.009) and overall survival (OS) (HR 2.47, p = 0.0004) than patients without sarcopenia. Moreover, patients with sarcopenia had a higher level of platelet–lymphocyte ratio (159 vs. 119; p = 0.003) and lower number of TI CD8+ T cells (47 vs. 66 cells/spot; p = 0.03) than patients without sarcopenia. On multivariate analysis, the presence of sarcopenia (HR 2.60, p = 0.0008) was an independent predictor of poor OS.ConclusionsOur data showed that sarcopenia and systemic or local immune cells may interact with each other and play a pivotal role in clinical outcomes of patients with ECC.
Looking Back in Anger? Retirement and Unemployment Scarring
Authors: Hetschko Clemens , Knabe Andreas , Schöb Ronnie 
Published: April 2019

AbstractUnemployment affects future working conditions and job security negatively, thus reducing life satisfaction after reemployment. These employment-related scars of unemployment should not matter anymore when a person has retired. Using German panel data, we analyze unemployed persons’ transition into retirement to test whether unemployment leaves scars beyond working life and thus for reasons that are not employment-related. We find that involuntary unemployment between the last job and retirement causes a loss in life satisfaction after retirement. People who influenced or even initiated unemployment, by contrast, show no scarring. The scarring effect goes beyond what can be explained by the income loss originating from reduced pensions. It shows up independently of whether the unemployment spell directly before retirement was the only experience of unemployment in a person’s career, or whether she had also experienced unemployment at earlier times. We do not find evidence that early retirement or involuntary retirement are the reasons why formerly unemployed retirees display unemployment scarring.
Cumulative Risks of Multiple Criminal Justice Outcomes in New York City
Authors: Hepburn Peter , Kohler-Hausmann Issa , Zorro Medina Angela 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Previous research has provided estimates of the cumulative risk of felony conviction and imprisonment in the United States. These experiences are, however, also the rarest; most of what happens in the criminal justice system occurs at the level of the misdemeanor rather than the felony. This article addresses our limited understanding of the scope of subfelony justice by providing estimates of the cumulative risk of several lower-level arrest outcomes for one jurisdiction: New York City. Because of excess life table events contributed by nonresidents of New York City, estimates are likely upwardly biased relative to the true values. Nonetheless, they allow us to (1) assess the cumulative risk of misdemeanor conviction and jail sentences and (2) determine to what extent those who enter the world of subfelony justice are distinct from those with felony or imprisonment records.
Sleep deprivation and the development of leadership and need for cognition during the college years
Authors: Chen Wei‐Lin , Chen Jen‐Hao 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe epidemic of sleep deprivation among college students is alarming. Prior studies of college students' sleep deprivation have focused on academic outcomes and mental health problems. This study considers the impact of college students’ sleep deprivation on two key, developmental outcomes: leadership and need for cognition.MethodsThis study is a secondary analysis of longitudinal data from the Wabash National Study of Liberal Arts Education (N = 3,690), using random‐effects and fixed‐effects models to estimate the association between chronic sleep deprivation from freshman year to senior year and developmental outcomes.ResultsResults from the random‐effects model show that chronic sleep deprivation is negatively associated with lower scores in leadership skills () and need for cognition (), after accounting for potential confounders. Results from the fixed‐effects model that accounts for time‐invariant unobserved variables show similar patterns for leadership skills () and need for cognition ().ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that chronic sleep deprivation has consequences for critical skills, suggesting that steps to promote college students’ sleep health may also enhance their positive development in leadership skills and need for cognition.
Preventing adolescent suicide: A systematic review of the effectiveness and change mechanisms of suicide prevention gatekeeping training programs for teachers and parents
Authors: Torok M. , Calear A.L. , Smart A. , Nicolopoulos A. , Wong Q. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionSuicide is a leading cause of death in young people, which may in part be because young people are notoriously poor help‐seekers. Improving the identification of at‐risk young people and connecting them to appropriate help is needed to prevent suicide in adolescents. The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of suicide prevention gatekeeper programs for parents and teachers, which are designed to improve their ability to recognise and respond to risks so that they may intervene before crisis occurs.MethodsAcademic databases and reference lists were searched for gatekeeper training programs involving teachers and parents, and which aimed to prevent youth suicide, between journal inception and May 2018. Information directly reporting on suicide literacy (knowledge, confidence, attitudes) and/or gatekeeper behaviours (identification, referral) was extracted and a qualitative synthesis was conducted.ResultsThirteen studies fulfilled inclusion criteria. Significant moderate‐to‐large intervention effects were reported for suicide literacy outcomes among teachers and parents, with the largest gains among those with lowest baseline scores. No improvements in identification and referral behaviors among gatekeepers were noted. A need to improve evaluation research designs and outcome measurements was evident.ConclusionsWhile gatekeeper programs lead to increased suicide literacy, there is little evidence for behavioural change. There is need to increase the reach and uptake of gatekeeper training by offering digital versions, which may lead to improved behavioural outcomes, and to employ targeted strategies to engage parents in this training as one of the most trusted sources of support for vulnerable youth.