bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
European ornamental garden flora as an invasion debt under climate change
Authors: Haeuser Emily , Dawson Wayne , Thuiller Wilfried , Dullinger Stefan , Block Svenja , Bossdorf Oliver , Carboni Marta , Conti Luisa , Dullinger Iwona , Essl Franz , Klonner Günther , Moser Dietmar , Münkemüller Tamara , Parepa Madalin , Talluto Matthew V. , Kreft Holger , Pergl Jan , Pyšek Petr , Weigelt Patrick , Winter Marten , Hermy Martin , Van der Veken Sebastiaan , Roquet Cristina , van Kleunen Mark 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMost naturalised and invasive alien plant species were originally introduced to regions for horticultural purposes. However, many regions now face an invasion debt from ornamental alien species, which have not yet naturalised. In this regard, climate change represents a threat as it may lower the barriers to naturalisation for some ornamental alien species. Identifying those species is extremely important for anticipating impending invasions.To identify predictors of naturalisation, we modelled the effects of climate, nursery availability and species characteristics on the current European naturalisation success of 2,073 ornamental aliens commonly planted in European gardens. We then used the resulting model together with climate projections for 2050 to forecast future naturalisation risks for the 1,583 species not yet naturalised in Europe.We found that non‐European naturalised range size, climatic suitability, propagule pressure, having a dioecious sexual system and plant height jointly explained current naturalisation success in Europe. By 2050, naturalisation probability projections increased by more than 0.1 for 41 species, and only decreased by more than 0.1 for one species.Policy implications. Using predictions based on our integrated model of alien ornamental naturalisation success, we identified species with high future naturalisation risk and species with high projected increases in naturalisation potential in Europe under climate change. This species list allows for prioritisation of monitoring and regulation of ornamental plants to mitigate the invasion debt.
Productivity and related soil properties mediate the population‐level consequences of rodent seed predation on Blanketflower, Gaillardia aristata
Authors: Hegstad Ryan J. , Maron John L. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Plants are frequently attacked by consumers that reduce seed numbers. However, our ability to predict whether seed loss results in parallel changes in future recruitment or plant abundance remains poor. Progress in this area requires simultaneously understanding: (1) how spatial variation in environmental conditions influence recruitment and other demographic rates, and (2) how the magnitude of seed loss varies spatially and relative to seed limitation.

We experimentally assessed how postdispersal seed predation by deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) influenced recruitment of the native perennial forb, Gaillardia aristata, in western Montana (USA) grasslands. To explore whether seed limitation and the population‐level consequences of seed predation varied predictably based on environmental conditions, we added seeds to plots where mice had access or were excluded at sites occurring over a strong gradient of soil characteristics and plant community productivity. We also quantified whether components of Gaillardia demography varied in ways that may compensate for or exacerbate the population‐level effects of seed predation across this environmental gradient.

Across two replicate years, recruitment was highest at low productivity/soil nutrient sites and decreased towards the opposite end of the gradient. Postdispersal seed predation strongly reduced Gaillardia recruitment in both years, and the impacts of seed predation on recruitment were greater at sites with lower productivity and fewer soil nutrients and decreased towards the opposite end of the gradient. Growth and fecundity varied among populations in ways that could buffer Gaillardia populations from stronger effects of seed predation, whereas survival varied among populations in a way that may intensify these effects.

Synthesis. Together, these results show that postdispersal seed predation can importantly limit plant recruitment and that the magnitude of these effects were predicted by variation in underlying environmental conditions that influence recruitment and other key demographic rates.
Resumption of sex after a second birth: An Australian prospective cohort
Authors: McDonald Ellie A. , Gartland Deirdre , Woolhouse Hannah , Brown Stephanie J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundFew longitudinal studies have examined women's experiences of sex after childbirth. Much of the advice given to couples about what to expect in relation to sex after childbirth is based on cross‐sectional studies.ObjectiveTo investigate timing of resumption of sex after a second birth and assess associations with obstetric factors (method of birth and perineal trauma) and time interval between first and second births.MethodProspective cohort of 1507 nulliparous women recruited before 25 weeks’ gestation in Melbourne, Australia followed up at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after first births, and 6 and 12 months after second births. Measures include: obstetric factors and resumption of vaginal sex after first and second births.ResultsBy 8 weeks after their second birth, 56% of women had resumed vaginal sex, compared with 65% after their first birth. Women were more likely to resume sex later than 8 weeks postpartum if they had a spontaneous vaginal birth with episiotomy or sutured perineal tear (aOR: 2.21, 95% CI: 1.5‐3.2), operative vaginal birth (aOR: 2.60, 95% CI: 1.3‐5.3) or cesarean delivery (aOR: 2.15, 95% CI: 1.4‐3.3) compared with a vaginal birth with minimal or no perineal trauma. There was no association between timing of resumption of sex and the time interval between births.ConclusionFor almost half of the cohort, sex was not resumed until at least 8 weeks after the second birth. Timing of resumption of sex was influenced by obstetric factors, but not the time interval between births.
Prediabetes and diabetes are both risk factors for adverse outcomes in infective endocarditis
Authors: Wei X.‐B. , Liu Y.‐H. , Huang J.‐L. , Chen X.‐L. , Yu D.‐Q. , Tan N. , Chen J.‐Y. , He P.‐C. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimDiabetes is a risk factor in infective endocarditis. However, few studies have focused on the prognostic value of prediabetes in infective endocarditis. This analysis aimed to explore the relationship between prediabetes and outcomes for people with infective endocarditis.MethodsDiabetes and prediabetes definitions were based on the American Diabetes Association 2014 criteria. A total of 866 people who had been consecutively diagnosed with infective endocarditis between January 2009 and July 2015 were included in the analysis. They were divided into three groups: normoglycaemia (n = 469), prediabetes (n = 246) and diabetes (n = 151). Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify risk factors for adverse outcomes.ResultsOverall in‐hospital mortality was 8.5% (74 of 866), and differed significantly among the normoglycaemia, prediabetes and diabetes groups (3.4%, 12.6% and 17.9%, respectively; P < 0.001). Compared with the normoglycaemia group, the adjusted odds ratio for in‐hospital death was 2.42 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11–5.31; P = 0.027) for prediabetes and 3.39 (95% CI 1.48–7.80; P = 0.004) for diabetes. The cumulative long‐term death rate was significantly higher in the prediabetes or diabetes groups than in the normoglycaemia group (log‐rank = 34.82; P < 0.001).ConclusionIn addition to diabetes, prediabetes was also associated with a higher risk of in‐hospital and long‐term mortality among people with infective endocarditis. Therefore, attention should be paid to this population.
National Agricultural Productivity & Reconciliation Ecology Centre conference
Authors: Vanderzee Michael , Bond Jennifer , Finlayson C. Max , Ward Wesley 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe National Agricultural Productivity & Reconciliation Ecology Centre (NAPREC) held its inaugural conference in Deniliquin in the southern Murray–Darling Basin,NSW, Australia, 4–5 October 2017, and attracted an engaged group of farmers, researchers, industry and government representatives. The theme of the conference was ‘Positive Partnerships for Pathways to Sustainable Agriculture and Biodiversity’. It explored the application of Reconciliation Ecology and the value of the human elements of natural resource management within the context of the southern Murray–Darling Basin.
Assessing pulsed light treatment on the reduction of aflatoxins in peanuts with and without skin
Authors: Abuagela Manal O. , Iqdiam Basheer M. , Mostafa Hussein , Gu Liwei , Smith Matthew E. , Sarnoski Paul J. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryAflatoxin(s) (AFTs) are secondary metabolites of some Aspergillus molds commonly found in peanuts. This study aimed to reduce AFTs (B1 and B2) on contaminated peanuts (with and without skin) using Pulsed Light (PL) treatment for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 min at 5 cm distance from the light strobe. After PL treatment, AFT levels were determined using ELISA and LC‐MS‐MS. Quality parameters of treated peanuts and oil were evaluated by comparing to control samples. Results of with‐skin and without‐skin peanuts showed 82% and 91% AFTs reduction, respectively. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed for all peanut oil quality parameters while the differences in peanut kernel colour under these conditions were significant (P < 0.05) in comparison with control samples. At the industrial level, PL may offer an effective AFTs reduction in peanuts. However, PL treatment parameters should be optimised to achieve better appearance.
Scotostimulation of reproductive neural pathways and gonadal maturation are not correlated with hypothalamic expression of deiodinases in subtropical spotted munia
Authors: Mishra Ila , Agarwal Neha , Rani Sangeeta , Kumar Vinod 
Published: June 2018

Circannual rhythm regulates the annual timing of reproduction in spotted munia, with sex differences in its relationship with the external photoperiod environment. Interestingly, munia show an atypical photosensitivity and exhibit gonadal maturation when acutely exposed to an unnatural short photoperiod (eg 3 hours of light per day; ie a long scotoperiod). The proximate mechanisms regulating scotoperiod‐induced hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal (HPG) activation are unclear. Because thyroid hormone signalling plays a central role in photoperiodic induction, we hypothesised the involvement of similar mechanism, comprising alterations in hypothalamic deiodinases, under long scotoperiod‐induced HPG activation. To test this, several endpoints of cellular and molecular correlates were assayed in male and female munias after 1 and 4 weeks of exposure to an 3:21 hour light/dark cycle (3L:21D), with controls on a 21:3 hour light/dark cycle (21L:3D). We measured the hypothalamic expression of mRNA and protein of light‐sensitive (neuropsin, OPN5) and reproductive (vasoactive intestinal peptide [VIP], neuropeptide Y [NPY], gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone [GnRH], gonadotrophin‐inhibiting hormone [GnIH]) neuropeptides by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry, respectively. In addition, we also measured mRNA expression of types 2 (DIO2) and 3 (DIO3) deiodinases that regulate triiodothyronine‐mediated GnRH release and gonadal maturation in photoperiodic species. The quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry results were consistent. Higher OPN5 levels under 21L:3D than under 3L:21D suggested its role in sensing the length of the light period. Similarly, low VIP and high NPY expression under 3L:21D than under 21L:3D were consistent with their roles as cellular correlates of photic and nonphotic environment, respectively. High GnRH‐I/low GnIH levels and gonadal recrudescence under 3L:21D, and an inverse pattern under 21L:3D, confirmed the scotostimulation of HPG axis in spotted munia. However, DIO2 and DIO3 mRNA levels did not differ between 2 scotoperiods, in contrast to their reciprocal expression pattern found during long‐day photostimulation. We demonstrate for the first time sex‐dependent scotostimulation of reproductive neural pathways and suggest the involvement of molecules other than hypothalamic deiodinases in the regulation of gonad development cycle in ‘nonphotoperiodic’ seasonally breeding vertebrates.
Relationship between tongue pressure and maxillofacial morphology in Japanese children based on skeletal classification
Authors: Kurabeishi H. , Tatsuo R. , Makoto N. , Kazunori F. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryDuring childhood, perioral muscle function is closely associated with malocclusion. To clarify the effects of tongue function on maxillofacial morphology in children, tongue pressure and maximum lip‐closing force (LCF) were measured and the relationship between perioral muscle function and maxillofacial morphology was evaluated according to the skeletal classification. Maximum tongue pressure (MTP) and swallowing tongue pressure (STP) were measured on the anterior palatine rugae in 100 children (Hellman's dental stages IIIA‐IIIC) using a balloon‐type tongue pressure measurement device. Lip‐closing force was measured using an LCF measurement device. Lateral cephalograms were examined to classify subjects into skeletal (S)‐I, S‐II and S‐III groups. Correlations of skeletal classification with tongue pressure and LCF were examined. Correlations of lateral cephalometric measurements with palatal volume (PV), measured using a three‐dimensional optical scanner, were evaluated. Maximum tongue pressure was significantly lower in the S‐II group than in other groups. Swallowing tongue pressure was significantly lower in the S‐II group than in the S‐III group. Lip‐closing force was significantly higher in the S‐III group than in other groups. Swallowing tongue pressure was positively correlated with MTP and PV. Correlations between tongue pressure and anteroposterior skeletal classification indicated the importance of quantitative tongue function assessment.
Association between chewing dysfunctions and temporomandibular disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Ferreira M. C. , Porto de Toledo I. , Dutra K. L. , Stefani F. M. , Porporatti A. L. , Flores‐Mir C. , De Luca Canto G. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryTemporomandibular disorder (TMD) is an umbrella condition presenting several signs and symptoms including pain in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and masticatory muscles, articular noises, earache, headache, irregular or restricted jaw function, chewing difficulty, and limited mouth opening. Such TMD impairment may cause disorders during the chewing process. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review was to assess chewing dysfunctions measured by sEMG, and their association with TMD. A combination and variation in the descriptors “temporomandibular joint disorders”, “masticatory dysfunctions”, and electromyography were used to perform the searches across databases. The databases chosen were: LILACS, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science. Additionally, grey literature was assessed using Google Scholar, ProQuest, and OpenGrey. Studies in adults that diagnosed TMD through the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD), Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) or Helkimo Protocol were selected. Furthermore, those studies should have evaluated chewing processes through surface electromyography (sEMG). Risk of bias of the included studies was assessed through the Meta‐Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (MAStARI) tool. Eleven included studies shown significant results; however, they evaluated discrepant parameters, presented high inconsistency in the application, and had chosen different tasks to analyse the sEMG and hence, there was no consensus in the results of studies. In conclusion, strength of recommendations was very low due to a series of limitations on studies and it was not possible to made categorical statement about association between TMD and chewing dysfunctions in adults when parameters of sEMG were analysed.
TLS dependent and independent functions of DNA polymerase eta (Polη/Rad30) from Pathogenic Yeast Candida albicans
Authors: Manohar Kodavati , Peroumal Doureradjou , Acharya Narottam 
Published: June 2018

SummaryPolη, a unique TLS DNA polymerase that promotes efficient bypass of UV‐induced CPDs and cisplatin adducts, has not been explored in Candida species yet. Here, we show that CaPolη plays a vital role in protecting Candida albicans genome from diverse array of DNA damaging agents, not limited to UV and cisplatin. Polη deficient strain did not exhibit any hyphal development in the presence of UV and cisplatin while the wild type strain profusely developed DNA damage induced filamentation. The polarized growth induced by HU and MMS was found to be Polη independent. No common regulatory pathway of morphogenesis operates in C. albicans due to genomic stress, rather Polη branches away from RAD53 dependent pathway to be specific to UV/cisplatin. Interestingly, serum that does not inflict any DNA damage also induces hyphal growth in C. albicans, and requires a functionally active Polη. Importantly, deletion of RAD30 sensitized the strain to amphotericin B; but its presence resulted in azole drug tolerance only in DNA damaging conditions. We suggest that the roles of CaPolη in genome stability and genotoxins induced filamentation are due to its TLS activities; whereas its TLS independent functions play a vital role in serum induced morphogenesis and amphotericin B resistance.
Serum neurofilament light chain levels as a marker of upper motor neuron degeneration in patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Gille B. , De Schaepdryver M. , Goossens J. , Dedeene L. , De Vocht J. , Oldoni E. , Goris A. , Van Den Bosch L. , Depreitere B. , Claeys K. G. , Tournoy J. , Van Damme P. , Poesen K. 
Published: June 2018

AimsAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common motor neuron degeneration disease with a diagnostic delay of about 1 year after symptoms onset. In ALS, blood neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels are elevated, but it is not entirely clear what drives this increase and what the diagnostic performance of serum NfL is in terms of predictive values and likelihood ratios. The aims of this study were to further explore the prognostic and diagnostic performances of serum NfL to discriminate between patients with ALS and ALS mimics, and to investigate the relationship between serum NfL with motor neuron degeneration.MethodsThe diagnostic performances of serum NfL were based on a cohort of 149 serum samples of patients with ALS, 19 serum samples of patients with a disease mimicking ALS and 82 serum samples of disease control patients. The serum NfL levels were correlated with the number of regions (thoracic, bulbar, upper limb and lower limb) displaying upper and/or lower motor neuron degeneration. The prognostic performances of serum NfL were investigated based on a Cox regression analysis.ResultsThe associated predictive values and likelihood ratio to discriminate patients with ALS and ALS mimics were established. Serum NfL was associated with motor neuron degeneration driven by upper motor neuron (UMN) degeneration and was independently associated with survival in patients with ALS.ConclusionsAltogether, these findings suggest that elevated serum NfL levels in ALS are driven by UMN degeneration and the disease progression rate and are independently associated with survival at time of diagnosis.
Inter‐relationships between the heterotrimeric Gβ subunit AGB1, the receptor‐like kinase FERONIA, and RALF1 in salinity response
Authors: Yu Yunqing , Assmann Sarah M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPlant heterotrimeric G proteins modulate numerous developmental stress responses. Recently, receptor‐like kinases (RLKs) have been implicated as functioning with G proteins and may serve as plant G‐protein‐coupled‐receptors. The RLK FERONIA (FER), in the Catharantus roseus RLK1‐like subfamily, is activated by a family of polypeptides called rapid alkalinization factors (RALFs). We previously showed that the Arabidopsis G protein β subunit, AGB1, physically interacts with FER, and that RALF1 regulation of stomatal movement through FER requires AGB1. Here, we investigated genetic interactions of AGB1 and FER in plant salinity response by comparing salt responses in the single and double mutants of agb1 and fer. We show that AGB1 and FER act additively or synergistically depending on the conditions of the NaCl treatments. We further show that the synergism likely occurs through salt‐induced ROS production. In addition, we show that RALF1 enhances salt toxicity through increasing Na+ accumulation and decreasing K+ accumulation rather than by inducing ROS production, and that the RALF1 effect on salt response occurs in an AGB1‐independent manner. Our results indicate that RLK epistatic relationships are not fixed, as AGB1 and FER display different genetic relationships to RALF1 in stomatal versus salinity responses.
Fcγ‐RI, Fcγ‐RII and IL‐10 as predictive biomarkers for post‐therapeutic cicatrization time in monocytes from cutaneous leishmaniasis patients
Authors: Rodrigues‐Alves M. L. , Melo‐Júnior O. A. O. , Coelho‐dos‐Reis J. G. , Pascoal‐Xavier M. A. , Alves‐Costa H. , Reis C. A. , Dutra W. O. , Silva R. E. , Senna M. C. R. , Faria A. C. , Medeiros N. I. , Gomes J. A. S. , Silveira‐Lemos D. , Martins‐Filho O. A. , Teixeira‐Carvalho A. , Costa‐Silva M. F. , Giunchetti R. C. , Peruhype‐Magalhães V. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryCutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) treatment is based on therapy with Glucantime®, yet, there are few laboratory methods to monitor its success. In this study, ex vivo and in vitro evaluations of peripheral blood monocytes were performed in a longitudinal study to characterize the impact of Glucantime® on overall phenotypic/functional features of these cells from CL patients to identify predictive biomarkers for post‐therapeutic monitoring by flow cytometry. The ex vivo evaluation from CL patients demonstrated a modulatory profile before treatment, with a decrease in TLR‐2, FcγRII, HLA‐DR, CD86, IFN‐γR, TNF, IL‐12, NO, and an increase in FcγRIII and IL‐10R. Conversely, treatment changes some of these biomarker expressions by decreasing FcγRIII and IL‐10R and increasing IFN‐γR, IL‐12 and NO. Moreover, an in vitro analysis of these patients showed a reduced phagocytic capacity of Leishmania braziliensis and higher levels of IL‐10 and TGF‐β modulating functional profile. Regardless of the compromised L. braziliensis phagocytic capacity, treatment re‐established the production of IL‐12, IL‐10, TGF‐β and NO at the basal level. Notably, monocytes from patients with early cicatrization showed enhanced FcγRI and FcγRII expressions and reduced IL‐10, which was further corroborated by a baseline fold change analysis. Finally, the logistic regression model emphasized the performance of FcγRI, FcγRII and IL‐10 as robust predictive biomarkers for post‐therapeutic cicatrization during cutaneous leishmaniasis.