bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Responses to Questions About Keratoconus Using ChatGPT-4.0, Google Gemini and Microsoft Copilot: A Comparative Study of Large Language Models on Keratoconus
Authors: Demir Suleyman 
Published: December 2024

Objectives:
Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being used today and are becoming increasingly important for providing accurate clinical information to patients and physicians. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of generative pre-trained transforme-4.0 (ChatGPT-4.0), Google Gemini, and Microsoft Copilot LLMs in responding to patient questions regarding keratoconus.

Methods:
The LLMs' responses to the 25 most common questions about keratoconus asked by real-life patients were blindly rated by two ophthalmologists using a 5-point Likert scale. In addition, the DISCERN scale was used to evaluate the responses of the language models in terms of reliability, and the Flesch reading ease and Flesch–Kincaid grade level indices were used to determine readability.

Results:
ChatGPT-4.0 provided more detailed and accurate answers to patients' questions about keratoconus than Google Gemini and Microsoft Copilot, with 92% of the answers belonging to the “agree” or “strongly agree” categories. Significant differences were observed between all three LLMs on the Likert scale (P<0.001).

Conclusions:
Although the answers of ChatGPT-4.0 to questions about keratoconus were more complex for patients than those of other language programs, the information provided was reliable and accurate.
Medially Migrating Vestibular Schwannomas: A Review of 10 Cases
Authors: Brovold Brooklyn L. , Lohse Christine M. , Mehta Parv M. , Bathla Girish , Lane John I. , Breen Joseph L. , Van Gompel Jamie J. , Carlson Matthew L. 
Published: December 2024

Objective
To analyze cases of medial migration of vestibular schwannomas to propose an underlying mechanism.

Study Design
Retrospective chart review.

Patients
Ten patients from one institution with sporadic vestibular schwannomas that demonstrated medial migration toward the cerebellopontine angle on serial imaging were reviewed.

Interventions
Among the 10 patients studied, 8 patients underwent stereotactic radiosurgery and 2 were managed with wait-and-scan. All serial imaging was analyzed throughout follow-up.

Main Outcome Measures
Volumetric and linear measurements were used to assess vestibular schwannoma growth. The fundal fluid cap length was measured from the most lateral end of the neoplasm within the internal auditory canal to the medial end of the cochlea. Pure tone averages of 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 kHz, word recognition scores, and AAO-HNS hearing class were used to assess levels of hearing loss per patient.

Results
Tumor growth exhibited a positive correlation with medial migration. Of the 10 patients studied, 9 exhibited tumor volume growth from initial to most recent imaging. Median changes in tumor volumes and fundal fluid cap lengths from initial diagnosis to the most recent imaging regardless of intervention were 130 mm3 (range 1,400–2,970) and 2.8 mm (range 1.8–6.0), respectively. Migration was noted in 4 patients prior to any intervention, in 4 patients postradiosurgery, and in 2 patients before and after radiosurgery. Therefore, half of the tumors studied migrated before an intervention and half migrated postradiosurgery. No correlation of migration and hearing decline was observed.

Conclusion
Medial migration of vestibular schwannoma is associated with an increase in tumor volume, supporting a “tumor squeeze” mechanism within a conical internal auditory canal toward the wider porus acusticus and cerebellopontine angle.
Aberrant Sylvian Vein Diverticulum and Tegmen Dehiscence–Induced Venous Pulsatile Tinnitus Phenotype Can Be Treated Via Transtemporal Surgery: A Case Report with 4D-Flow Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Hsieh Yue-Lin , Liu Xu , Dai Fei , Wang Shenjiang , Gao Xiuli , Wen Deyuan , Wang Wuqing 
Published: December 2024

Objective
To report the first successful surgical treatment of a rare subtype of venous pulsatile tinnitus (PT) caused by aberrant sylvian vein and tegmen dehiscence (SVTD) with a diverticulum and soft tissue enclosing the middle ear ossicles.

Patients
A 35-year-old female participant presented with more than 10-year left-side PT due to SVTD diverticulum.

Intervention(s)
The participant underwent transtemporal surgery with a lateral minimally invasive approach to the epitympanum and aditus ad antrum after finding SVTD and diverticulum.

Main Outcome Measures
Contrast-enhanced CT, various magnetic resonance (MR) techniques, including the 4D-flow MR method, and transcanal recording examinations were utilized. The Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) was employed to quantify the surgical efficacy in treating PT.

Results
PT was successfully resolved following resurfacing of the diverticulum located on the medial wall of the epitympanic space, with the patient achieving a THI score of 0. The 4D-flow MR indicated that the mean and largest velocities at the dehiscence area were 20.8 cm/s and 54.9 cm/s, respectively. The main frequency of PT fluctuated below 750 hz.

Conclusion
SVTD diverticulum–induced venous PT can be successfully treated via the transtemporal pathway. Additionally, this finding underscores the importance to carefully examine tegmen dehiscence and the exposed vasculature when managing venous PT.
Hypertrophy of the Annular Ligament as a Cause of Painful Elbow Snapping
Authors: Pan Tommy , Sneddon Jacob , Tang Peter 
Published: December 2024

Snapping annular ligament is an uncommon cause of lateral elbow pain. Due to the limited literature, snapping annular ligament is often misdiagnosed as lateral epicondylitis. Recognition of this uncommon condition is important as early surgical intervention is recommended to prevent erosion of articular cartilage caused by the hypertrophic synovial fold and early-onset arthritis. We present a 37-year-old male with left lateral elbow pain and clicking for 5 years. MRI of the elbow revealed hypertrophy of the annular ligament with associated lateral epicondylitis. After failing conservative management, the patient underwent open resection of the hypertrophied annular ligament in addition to lateral epicondylitis surgery. The patient demonstrated complete relief of symptoms. Our aim is to increase the nurse’s and hand surgeon’s awareness of hypertrophy of the annular ligament as an uncommon cause of lateral elbow snapping and pain. We also review the literature, pathophysiology, nursing and surgical management and outcomes of treatment for this rare condition.
Effective Motivational Interviewing-Based Counseling for Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Küçük Öztürk Gülhan , Muz Gamze , Özdil Kamuran , Öztürk Ramazan İlter 
Published: December 2024

Objective:
This research was conducted to determine the effect on pain, psychosocial adjustment and self-care management of motivational interview-based counseling for individuals with a diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis.

Methods:
This study was conducted as a randomized controlled experimental study. The sample size for the study was calculated as 60 individuals (29 intervention, 31 controls) diagnosed with osteoarthritis. Study data were collected using a Personal Information Form, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for measuring pain intensity, Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Self-Report Scale, and Self-Care Management Scale in Chronic Diseases. The intervention group received motivational interview-based counseling for four weeks and standard care was administered to the control group. At the end of four weeks, the post-test was applied to participants.

Results:
Motivational interview-based counseling for the intervention group lasting four weeks significantly decreased the mean scores for the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Self-Report Scale, indicating increased psychosocial adjustment levels. It significantly decreased VAS scores, and significantly increased mean scores for the Self-Care Management Scale in Chronic Diseases, indicating self-care management increased (P < .001).

Conclusion:
Motivational interview-based counseling for individuals with knee osteoarthritis reduces pain and increases psychosocial adjustment and self-care management.

Practice Implementation:
Health professionals can use motivational interviewing during the treatment, care and rehabilitation of individuals with knee osteoarthritis.
Multicenter Clinical Performance Evaluation of the NeuMoDx™ CT/NG Assay 2.0
Authors: Van Der Pol B. , Avery A. , Taylor S.N. , Miller J. , Emery C.L. , English A. , Lazenby G.B , Lillis R. , Ruth J. , Young D. , Young S. , Chavoustie S. , Crane L. , Reid V. , Wall G. , Johnson S. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Given the continued increases in rates of both Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infection, additional diagnostic assays may be useful in increasing access to testing for these sexually transmitted infections. We evaluated the performance of the NeuMoDx™ CT/NG Assay 2.0 on the NeuMoDx-96 and NeuMoDx-288 Molecular Systems.

Methods
The clinical sensitivity and specificity of the assay was assessed when used with: 1) endocervical swabs; 2) self-, and clinician-collected vaginal swabs; and 3) first-catch urine specimens (female and male). Results were compared to a patient infection status based on US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-cleared assays.

Results
The NeuMoDx CT/NG Assay 2.0 demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity in both symptomatic and asymptomatic participants. All specimen types other than endocervical swabs had >95% sensitivity and > 99% specificity for both pathogens. For endocervical samples, sensitivity was 93.2% and 93.3% for CT and NG, respectively. There was no difference in performance based on platform. The frequency of invalid results was low (<1%).

Conclusions
The NeuMoDx CT/NG Assay 2.0 demonstrated performance similar to currently FDA-cleared assays, with the added choice of a moderate- (96-sample) or a high-throughput (288-sample) platform. The system therefore offers solutions to laboratories running lower volumes of testing that may obviate the need for outsourcing to larger reference laboratories.
Alignment of PrEP Use With Potential HIV Exposure in Young Women and Men in Uganda
Authors: Wu Linxuan , Ssebuliba Timothy , Muwonge Timothy R. , Bambia Felix , Stein Gabrielle , Nampewo Olivia , Sapiri Oliver , Goetz B. Jay , Penrose Kerri J. , Parikh Urvi M. , Mujugira Andrew , Heffron Renee 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Despite high oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake among young heterosexual cisgender women, early discontinuation is frequent. It is unclear whether this aligns with potential HIV exposure.

Methods:
Young women aged 16–25 years and ≥1 of their male partners were enrolled in separate but linked longitudinal HIV PrEP studies in Kampala, Uganda, from 2018 to 2021. Data on sexual behavior, PrEP use, sexually transmitted disease positivity, and Y chromosome DNA (Yc DNA; a marker for condomless sex) were collected at enrollment and quarterly visits. Potential HIV exposure was defined as one of the following in the past 3 months: any sexually transmitted disease, detection of Yc DNA, condomless vaginal sex, or multiple sex partners. Alignment between potential HIV exposure and PrEP use by participants was examined using generalized estimating equation (GEE) regression.

Results:
Eighty-eight young women (median age = 20.6 years, interquartile range 19.5–22.0) and 124 male partners (median age = 23.5 years, interquartile range 21.0–26.0) were included. Women and men were dispensed PrEP in 66.9% and 60.5% of their first linked visits, respectively. PrEP dispensation was more common when women or men self-reported condomless vaginal sex and multiple sex partners or when women had Yc DNA detected in vaginal swabs. Men's self-report of multiple partners (adjusted prevalence ratio = 1.56, P = 0.012) and the detection of Yc DNA (adjusted prevalence ratio = 1.52, P = 0.040) were significantly associated with women's PrEP dispensation.

Conclusions:
Women and their male partners may align their PrEP use with their HIV risk behaviors, providing some reassurance that PrEP discontinuation in young people often aligns with sexual behavior. Greater attention to measurement of and mismatches in PrEP discontinuation and potential HIV exposure is needed.
Impact of Age of Sexual Debut on HIV Care Engagement Among Sexual and Gender Minorities in Nigeria
Authors: Volpi Connor , Adebiyi Ruxton , Chama John , Ononaku Uche , Aka Abayomi , Mitchell Andrew , Shutt Ashley , Kokogho Afoke , Tiamiyu Abdulwasiu B. , Baral Stefan D. , Charurat Man , Adebajo Sylvia , Crowell Trevor A. , Nowak Rebecca G. ,   on behalf of the TRUST/RV368 Study Group
Published: December 2024

Background:
Sexual and gender minorities (SGM) bear a high burden of HIV. The age of anal sexual debut may influence HIV care engagement. Our objective was to evaluate this relationship to help health care providers promote and anticipate future HIV care engagement among at-risk SGM.

Methods:
The TRUST/RV368 study provided HIV testing and treatment at SGM-friendly clinics in Abuja and Lagos, Nigeria. Self-reported age of sexual debut was dichotomized as <16 or ≥16 years. Multivariable logistic models estimated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association of sexual debut with (1) HIV testing history, (2) HIV testing at the clinics, (3) initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) within 6 months of a clinic diagnosis, and (4) viral suppression within 12 months of ART initiation.

Results:
Of the 2680 participants, 30% (n = 805) reported a sexual debut <16 years. Those with an <16-year debut had significantly more receptive sex partners, condomless sex, and transactional sex (all P < 0.01) and were 24% less likely to have tested for HIV before enrollment (aOR: 0.76; CI: 0.62 to 0.93). However, <16-year debut was not associated with HIV testing, receiving ART, or achieving viral suppression once engaged with TRUST/RV368 (all P > 0.05).

Conclusions:
SGM with <16-year debut engaged in behaviors that could increase HIV risk and were less likely to have a history of HIV testing. However, once enrolled in SGM-friendly clinics, uptake of HIV care was not associated with <16-year debut, suggesting that SGM-friendly care models may promote HIV care engagement.
Proteomics in Acute Heart Transplant Rejection, On Behalf of the GRAfT Investigators
Authors: Goldberg Jason F. , deFilippi Christopher R. , Lockhart Christopher , McNair Erick R. , Sinha Shashank S. , Kong Hyesik , Najjar Samer S. , Lohmar Brendan J. , Tchoukina Inna , Shah Keyur , Feller Erika , Hsu Steven , Rodrigo Maria E. , Jang Moonkyoo , Marboe Charles C. , Berry Gerald J. , Valantine Hannah A. , Agbor-Enoh Sean , Shah Palak 
Published: December 2024

Background.
Proteomic phenotyping can provide insights into rejection pathophysiology, novel biomarkers, and therapeutic targets.

Methods.
Within the prospective, multicenter Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation study, 181 proteins were evaluated from blood drawn at the time of endomyocardial biopsy; protein fold change, logistic regression, and pathway analyses were conducted, with protein discovery adjusted for a 5% false discovery rate.

Results.
Among 104 adult heart transplant patients (31% female sex, 53% Black race, median age 52 y), 74 had no rejection, 18 developed acute cellular rejection (ACR), and 12 developed antibody-mediated rejection (AMR). Differential expression was found in 2 proteins during ACR (inflammatory proteins CXCL10 and CD5) and 73 proteins during AMR. The most abundant AMR proteins were the heart failure biomarkers N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide and suppression of tumorigenicity 2. In univariate logistic regression, odds of identifying ACR on endomyocardial biopsy increased with doubling of CXCL10 (odds ratio [OR] 2.2 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.3-3.6]) and CD5 (OR 4.7 [95% CI, 1.7-12.9]) concentrations, and odds of AMR increased with doubling of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (OR 13.0 [95% CI, 2.7-62.7) and suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (OR 4.8 [95% CI, 2.1-10.7]) concentrations. After multivariable analysis with clinical covariates, these proteins showed similar odds of ACR or AMR on biopsy. Pathway analysis identified T cell–receptor signaling and cell differentiation as key pathways in ACR and cardiovascular disease and cell turnover in AMR.

Conclusions.
Proteomic analysis reveals unique biomarkers and biological pathway expression in ACR and AMR. Cardiac injury-associated biomarkers were more pronounced in AMR, whereas inflammatory biomarkers were more pronounced in ACR. Proteomic analysis may provide insights into rejection pathophysiology, detection, and therapy.
Blood Omics Models for System-Specific Mortality Risk Estimation
Authors: Fuentealba Matías , Arpawong Thalida Em , Schneider Kevin , Crimmins Eileen M , Furman David 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTraditional blood-based aging clocks provide an estimate of a person’s overall biological age. However, physiological systems and organs age at different rates in an individual, and anti-aging interventions often target specific physiological systems. Therefore, there is a growing need for methods capable of assessing biological age at the level of specific physiological systems. Here, we used blood chemistry and cell count data from 456,180 individuals in the UK Biobank (UKB) to develop mortality-based predictors of biological age across 9 physiological systems matching WHO’s International Classification of Disease (ICD-10) chapters (DiseaseAge). We applied DiseaseAge to the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) cohort and validated its ability to identify biologically older systems in individuals diagnosed or deceased from age-related diseases affecting those systems. For instance, individuals diagnosed with high blood pressure, heart attack, congestive heart failure, or angina exhibited a biologically older circulatory system than other systems. Similarly, individuals with accelerated aging in the circulatory, musculoskeletal, or respiratory systems displayed higher risk of mortality from conditions associated with these systems. Additionally, we showed that individuals within the top 5% biologically older metabolic, circulatory, respiratory and mental systems exhibited increased risk of developing diabetes, high blood pressure, lung disease and dementia, respectively. Finally, we used metabolomics and proteomics data in the UKB and epigenomics and transcriptomics in HRS to generate omics surrogates of DiseaseAge for all physiological systems and created an online resource for their calculation.
Farming with Alternative Pollinators for Increased Biodiversity and Smallholder Incomes in Zimbabwe
Authors: Allebone-Webb Sophie , Gossrau Felix , Orland Chloé , Bara Gracian , Fioekou Cédric , Matsika Annah , Riber Karl , Dioula Bader Mahaman 
Published: December 2024

1.AbstractPollinator populations have dramatically declined over the past 50 years, with over 40% of invertebrate pollinator species at risk of extinction largely due to intensive agriculture, pesticide use, habitat loss and climate change. Pollinators provide an essential ecosystem service, with about 75% of global crops relying on pollination by animals. It is therefore essential to reconsider conventional farming practices, which are largely responsible for this decline. By cultivating flowering crops “Marketable Habitat Enhancement Plants”, (MHEPs), alongside the edges of pesticide-free fields, the Farming with Alternative Pollinators (FAP) approach aims to enhance the presence of wild pollinators. In this study, we compared the performance of smallholder farmer plots using the FAP approach with plots following conventional approaches, for pollinator abundance and diversity, yield and income for 43 plots in Zimbabwe. We found significantly higher pollinator abundance and richness in FAP plots compared to control plots. There was significantly higher income and higher value of yields for all offtake in FAP plots for both crop cycles measured. Plots with higher pollinator abundance showed significantly higher income from all crops and significantly higher value of yields, showing a clear link between pollinator populations, crop production and income.
A mathematical model clarifies the ABC Score formula used in enhancer-gene prediction
Authors: Nasser Joseph , Nam Kee-Myoung , Gunawardena Jeremy 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEnhancers are discrete DNA elements that regulate the expression of eukaryotic genes. They are important not only for their regulatory function, but also as loci that are frequently associated with disease traits. Despite their significance, our conceptual understanding of how enhancers work remains limited. CRISPR-interference methods have recently provided the means to systematically screen for enhancers in cell culture, from which a formula for predicting whether an enhancer regulates a gene, the Activity-by-Contact (ABC) Score, has emerged and has been widely adopted. While useful as a binary classifier, it is less effective at predicting the quantitative effect of an enhancer on gene expression. It is also unclear how the algebraic form of the ABC Score arises from the underlying molecular mechanisms and what assumptions are needed for it to hold. Here, we use the graph-theoretic linear framework, previously introduced to analyze gene regulation, to formulate thedefault model, a mathematical model of how multiple enhancers independently regulate a gene. We show that the algebraic form of the ABC Score arises from this model. However, the default model assumptions also imply that enhancers act additively on steady-state gene expression. This is known to be false for certain genes and we show how modifying the assumptions can accommodate this discrepancy. Overall, our approach lays a rigorous, biophysical foundation for future studies of enhancer-gene regulation.
Beta cells are essential drivers of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma development
Authors: Garcia Cathy C. , Venkat Aarthi , McQuaid Daniel C. , Agabiti Sherry , Tong Alex , Cardone Rebecca L. , Starble Rebecca , Sogunro Akin , Jacox Jeremy B. , Ruiz Christian F. , Kibbey Richard G. , Krishnaswamy Smita , Muzumdar Mandar Deepak 
Published: December 2024

SUMMARYPancreatic endocrine-exocrine crosstalk plays a key role in normal physiology and disease. For instance, endocrine islet beta (β) cell secretion of insulin or cholecystokinin (CCK) promotes progression of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC), an exocrine cell-derived tumor. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that govern endocrine-exocrine signaling in tumorigenesis remain incompletely understood. We find that β cell ablation impedes PDAC development in mice, arguing that the endocrine pancreas is critical for exocrine tumorigenesis. Conversely, obesity induces β cell hormone dysregulation, alters CCK-dependent peri-islet exocrine cell transcriptional states, and enhances islet proximal tumor formation. Single-cell RNA-sequencing,in silicolatent-space archetypal and trajectory analysis, and genetic lineage tracingin vivoreveal that obesity stimulates postnatal immature β cell expansion and adaptation towards a pro-tumorigenic CCK+ state via JNK/cJun stress-responsive signaling. These results define endocrine-exocrine signaling as a driver of PDAC development and uncover new avenues to target the endocrine pancreas to subvert exocrine tumorigenesis.