bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Rare Case of Polyostotic Fibrous Dysplasia Assessed by Bone Scintigraphy with Tc-99m Methylene Diphosphonate (MDP)
Authors: Ardemagni A. , Bestetti A. , Tagliabue L. , Del Sole A. , Conte A. , Tarolo G. L. , Di Leo C. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryA 66-year-old man affected by polyostotic form of fibrous dysplasia in consequence of worsening of lower extremity bone pain aggravated by walking and concomitant increase of serum alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, was subjected first to a radionuclide study. Bone scan demonstrated a pathological uptake of the radiotracer in the craniofacial bones, right scapula, left and right posterior ribs, right hemipelvis and lower extremities confirming the diagnosis but establishing especially the extent of bone involvement, greater than expected on the basis of symptoms and X-ray findings, underlying the importance of nuclear medicine imaging in the assessment and follow-up of this rare disease.
Radionuclide esophageal transit test to detect esophageal disorders in patients with mitra valve prolapse
Authors: Tsai Shih-Chuan , Hsieh Jih-Fang , Ho Yung-Jen , Ding Hueisch-Jy , Kao Chia-Hung 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Aim: The origin of chest discomfort in patients with mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is controversial. Our aim was to prospectively determine the incidence of esophageal disorders in MVP patients with or without chest pain. Methods: Twenty-five MVP patients with chest pain (group A) and 25 MVP patients without chest pain (group B) underwent evaluation of esophageal motility. None of the total of 50 MVP patients had significant coronary artery disease on cardiac catheterization. Esophageal motility including esophageal mean transit time (MTT), residual fraction (RF), and retrograde index (Rl) was analyzed by the radionuclide esophageal transit test (RETT). Results: In comparison with 25 age and sex-matched healthy volunteers, the results showed that: (1) 19 patients in group A (76%) had abnormal RETT findings (48% of cases with prolonged MTT, 44% of cases with higher RF, and 60% of cases with higher Rl); (2) 3 patients in group B (12%) had abnormal RETT findings (8% of cases with prolonged MTT, 4% of cases with higher RF, and 8% of cases with higher Rl). In addition, mean values of MTT, RF, and Rl in group A patients were significantly higher than in group B patients and healthy volunteers. Conclusion: We found that the chest pain in some MVP patients may be related to abnormal esophageal motility, based on the evidence from a simple and noninvasive RETT.
Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie und Knochenszintigraphie einer »osteoklastischen« Metastase
Authors: Roubaie Z. Al , Kirsch C.-M. , Chapot C. 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungVorgestellt wird der Fall eines 66jährigen Patienten mit einem Bronchialkarzinom und einer Rippenmetastase, die beim PET-Staging durch einen deutlich erhöhten 18F-FDG-Uptake entdeckt wurde. Die Knochenszintigraphie mit “mTc-DPD zeigte einen Aktivitätsdefekt im Bereich dieser Rippe. Hier handelte es sich um einen schnell wachsenden Prozeß ohne Einwirkung auf eine osteoblastische Aktivität.
Individuelle Verlaufskontrolle der TSHRezeptor- Antikörper-Titer zur Einschätzung der Prognose eines M. Basedow
Authors: Holle L.-H. , Schroth H.-J. , Garth H. , Rink Th. 
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ziel: Diese retrospektive Studie soll weiteren Aufschluß über den bislang kontrovers diskutierten Stellenwert einer Verlaufskontrolle von TSH-Rezeptor-Antikörper (TRAK)-Titern zur Beurteilung der Prognose eines M. Basedow geben. Methode: Die Ergebnisse von 1480 in-vitro- Untersuchungen an 36 Patienten (292 w, 54 m) im Alter von 9 bis 91 Jahren mit gesichertem M. Basedow bilden die Grundlage der Arbeit. Die TRAK-Spiegel wurden im Gesamtkollektiv, in der Gruppe aller unbehandelten Patienten, sowie in 182 individuellen Verläufen mit den jeweiligen fT3-, fT4- und basalen TSH-Werten verglichen. Ergebnisse: Die TRAK-Titer waren auch bei gleicher Funktionslage individuell sehr unterschiedlich. Bei den persistierenden Funktionsstörungen variierten sie initial zwischen 6 und 482 U/l (formaler Normbereich >15 U/l), so daß sich bei globaler Betrachtung der Kollektive keine Korrelation zwischen dem TRAK-Spiegel und dem Grad der Dysfunktion fand. Im individuellen Verlauf zeigten sich allerdings klare Zusammenhänge zwischen der weiteren Krankheitsentwicklung und den Veränderungen der TRAK. Als Grenzwert zur Trennung des Kollektivs mit fortbestehender bzw. rezidivierender Fehlfunktion und der Gruppe der Remissionen erwies sich ein Abfall des individuellen TRAK-Titers auf unter 50% des Ausgangswertes als günstig, der in 94% aller Remissionen nachweisbar war. Bei 90% aller Rezidive fanden sich entweder persistierend hohe TRAK-Titer (Abfall um weniger als 50% des Ausgangswertes), oder es kam zum erneuten TRAK-Anstieg. Der positive prädiktive Wert der Methode beträgt 97%, der negative prädiktive Wert liegt bei 58%. Schlußfolgerung: Bei der Verlaufskontrolle von TRAK zur Beurteilung der Prognose eines M. Basedow kommt es weniger auf die absoluten Titer, als vielmehr auf die relativen zeitlichen Veränderungen an. Im Falle persistierend hoher TRAK ist von einer fehlenden Spontanremission bzw. einem bevorstehenden Rezidiv auszugehen.
Inkorporationsmessungen bei Angehörigen von Radioiodtherapiepatienten nach Therapie benigner Erkrankungen der Schilddrüse
Authors: Hänscheid H. , Schelper L.-F. , Körber C. , Reiners C. , Laßmann M. 
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ziel: Patienten exhalieren 1-131 nach Radioiodtherapie. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist die Bestimmung der von Angehörigen von Radio- iodtherapiepatienten nach Entlassung aus der Therapiestation inkorporierten Aktivität und der daraus resultierenden Schilddrüsendosis.
Methoden: Bei 31 Angehörigen von Radioiodtherapiepatienten wurde die Schilddrüsenaktivität mittels der Schilddrüsensonde eines Ganzkörperzählers gemessen und daraus Dosiswerte bestimmt.
Ergebnisse: Bei 11 der 31 Messungen wurde keine Aktivität oberhalb der Nachweisgrenze von 13 Bq festgestellt. Im Mittel wurde bei den restlichen Personen 104 Bq gemessen, entsprechend einer daraus resultierenden mittleren Schilddrüsendosis von 0,2 mSv (Maximalwert: 2 mSv). Schlußfolgerung: Die Zufuhr von 1-131 bei Angehörigen von Radioiodtherapiepatienten nach deren Entlassung ist gering und führte in keinem Fall zu einer effektiven Dosis von mehr als 1 mSv.
Effect of Clamp Type on Type II External Fixator Stiffness
Authors: Wotton H. M. , Kraus K. H. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryIn order to investigate the effects of two clamp types on type II external fixator stiffness, models using wooden dowels were constructed and mechanically tested. Kirschner-Ehmer clamps were compared to Securos clamps in four-pin type II external fixator configurations. Increasing axial loads were applied and displacement at a gap in the centre of the model measured. Linear regression and comparison of the slope of the regression lines before yield, after yield, and throughout 700N assessed model performance. The resulting load displacement curves were linear. There was no difference in model stiffness before yield, but was greater with models constructed with Securos clamps after yield and overall. The mean relative stiffness of the models constructed with the Kirschner-Ehmer type clamps were 320 ± 53.8 Newtons/mm, and with models constructed with Securos type clamps were 425 ± 74.8 Newtons/mm. Utilizing Securos clamps resulted in significantly (p<0.05) greater frame stiffness that is attributable to higher load at yield and greater stiffness after yield. Increasing resistance to rotational moments at the clamp/connecting bar junction should result in less stress imparted to the bone/pin interface, decreasing strain and decreasing pin loosening.Axial stiffness in models of bilateral external fixators using Kirschner-Ehmer type clamps versus Securos clamps were compared. The stiffness of fixators constructed with Securos clamps was greater overall and at high loads due to a more secure fixation pin/connecting bar junction. Increased fixator stiffness would result in less stress at the bone/pin interface and may contribute to less pin loosening.
A Method of Quantifying Microangiograms
Authors: Wilson J. W. , Arighi Mimi 
Published: March 2018

SummaryA method is proposed which can quantify the vascularity depicted in microangiograms. Total vascular area depicted in the microangiogram is measured using an image analyser. Vessel diameters and frequency are determined using standard stereological methods. Using the incidence of measured vessel diameters, the measured vascular area, and minimal mathematical manipulation, a distribution curve of possible vascular volumes can be constructed. When combined with sample volume, statistical data relevant to vessel diameters and volumes can be derived. This calculation is not meant as a substitute to stereological methods for quantifying vascularity using thin sections, only as a quantitative adjunct to microangiograms and descriptive microangiography.A method is proposed which can provide statistical data relevant to vessel diameters and volumes depicted in microangiograms.
Screw Torque and Bone Plate Fixation to Equine Cadaver Longbones
Authors: McKee S. L. , Field J. R. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe purpose of the study was to determine what contribution an individual surgeon, their gender and the location of screw application within the bone makes to the perceived optimal applied screw torque (Mopt) for bone plate fixation to equine cadaver longbones. Five surgeons were required to apply a 4.5 mm broad dynamic compression plate, using 4.5 mm fully-threaded cortical bone screws, to the lateral diaphysis of an equine third metacarpal bone.Consideration of within (repetition) and between individual differences was significant (P = 0.010, P = 0.0001) as was gender (P = 0.0001) with male surgeons applying higher levels of torque. There did not appear to be a contribution to variability by location (P = 0.065). Regression analysis of Mopt and cortical thickness showed no linear relationship between these parameters (R2 = 0.088), allowing the conclusion that cortical thickness did not influence the perceived optimal applied screw torque.Screw torque was also measured at point-of-failure (Mmax) showing no relationship to location.This study examined the contribution of variation within and between individual surgeons, their gender and the location of screw application in the bone on the perceived optimal applied screw torque for bone plate fixation to equine cadaver longbones.Significant differences were seen within (repetition) and between individuals. When individuals were grouped according to gender significant differences also arose (males applying greater levels of torque than females). The results suggest, that for mature equine longbone fracture repair the use of a torque-limiting device may be a consideration in order to standardize bone plate fixation.
Total Hip Replacement in Three Ponies - A Feasibility Study
Authors: Squire K.R.E. , Toombs J. P. , Sickle D.C. , Blevins W.E. , Clarke R.B. , Fessier J.F. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryTotal hip replacement (THR) using two different human implant designs was performed in three ponies. Pony # 1 sustained a fracture of the ipsilateral femur and was euthanatized 40 hours after implantation of a human selfcentering hip. The same implant, with a modified femoral prosthesis, was used in pony # 2. It luxated initially at 26 hours, was surgically reduced after changing to a smaller diameter acetabular component, and reluxated at day 23 when the pony was euthanatized. A modified femoral component with a press-fit, screw-fixated acetabular prosthesis was inserted in pony # 3. This pony was maintained for 232 days and sustained over 400,000 cycles on the prosthesis by being exercised daily on a mechanical walker. We conclude that THR is feasible in ponies and small horses and would allow this size of animal to be used as a research model for hip replacement in heavy human beings.Total hip replacement (THR) was evaluated in three ponies as a model for studying THR problems in humans and for the management of coxofemo-ral disease in small Equidae. A modified cemented human femoral component, with a press-fit acetabular component, was maintained in one pony for 232 days, sustained over 400,000 cycles, and established the feasibility of THR in this species.
Foreign Body Granulomatous Response to Particulate Bony Debris
Authors: Ish-Shalom Z. , Misselevich I. , Mendes D. G. , Boss J. H. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryArchival material was retrieved in order to histologically assess the body’s response to micron-sized, necrotic bony particles. Specimens were obtained from (1) human bone grafts in a subcutaneous or muscular pouch of athymic nude mice, (2) a massive bone allograft replacing a patient’s humerus, (3) rabbits’ healing tibial cortical bone defects littered with finely dispersed bony particles, (4) periprosthetic tissues of patient’s aseptically loosened artificial joints and (5) interfacial membranes of intramedullary nails used for fixation of patients’ fractured long bones. Necrotic bony debris was found to induce a giant celled granulomatous reaction. In sections of undecalcified samples stained by the von Kossa method, small calcific particles were observed to be present within polykaryonic macrophages (foreign body giant cells) and surrounded by mononuclear macrophages. It is concluded that a foreign body-type giant celled granulation tissue participates in the degradation of micron-sized, necrotic bony detritus, whether the disintegrating bone is of the xeno-, alio- or autogenic provenance.Histological examination of von Kossa-stained sections, of undecalcified specimens, revealed a giant celled granulomatous response to bony debris. Irrespective of whether or not the disintegrating bone was of auto-, alio- or xenogeneic provenance, micron-sized bony particles were found to be phagocytosed by polykaryonic macrophages of the granulation tissue.
Biomechanical Evaluation of the Suitability of Monofilament Nylon Fishing and Leader Line for Extra-articular Stabilisation of the Canine Cruciate-deficient Stifle
Authors: Roe S. C. , Caporn T. M. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe use of monofilament nylon line for extra-articular stabilisation of the cruciate deficient canine stifle is widespread in veterinary surgery. The purpose of this study was twofold: 1) to examine the mechanical behaviour of two forms of monofilament line - standard nylon fishing line (NFL) and nylon leader line (NLL) - when sterilised by steam or ethylene oxide and formed into loops approximating their use in the clinical situation; 2) to compare the mechanical performance of the canine fabellar attachment site to the steel hooks used in the first part of the study.It was found that NLL loops were not affected by sterilisation and had higher failure loads and stiffness than NFL loops. Further testing of 27-kilo - gram-test (kgt) and 36 kgt steam-sterilised NFL and NLL found that of the materials tested, NLL 27 kgt was most suitable as an extra-articular stabiliser of the canine stifle. The performance of the fabellar attachment site was superior to the steel hooks when cycled to 50 N and inferior when cycled to 100 N.The suitability of monofilament nylon fishing line (NFL) and monofilament nylon leader line (NLL) for use as lateral fabel-lotibial sutures (LFTS) in canine cranial cruciate ligament repair was investigated. In vitro testing of loops of the materials was performed with steel hook and fabellar attachment points. Twenty-seven-kilogram test NLL was found to be the most suitable nylon line from which to construct an LFTS.
Avulsion Fractures of the Femoral Head: Internal Fixation Using a Ventral Approach to the Hip Joint
Authors: Montavon P. M. , L’Eplattenier H. F. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryAvulsion fractures of the femoral head are encountered in conjunction with craniodorsal luxations of the hip joint and cannot be treated conservatively without risking either reluxation of the joint or considerable cartilage damage resulting in degenerative joint disease. Fixation of the fragment is possible by inserting a Kirschner wire and a lag screw from the articular surface, making sure the implants are well countersunk. A ventromedial approach to the hip joint allows good visibility of the joint surface and easy reduction of the fracture without severing the round ligament. The surgical technique described was used on three cases and combines a ventromedial approach to the hip joint with fixation of the fracture with a Kirschner wire and a lag screw inserted from the joint surface, and has the advantages of enabling good reconstruction of the joint surface as well as maintaining postoperative joint stability. Both these factors considerably reduce the development of degenerative joint disease and improve the prognosis for recovery of full limb function.A surgical technique for treatment of avulsion fractures of the femoral head is described. It combines a ventromedial approach to the hip joint with fixation of the fracture with a Kirschner wire and a lag screw inserted from the joint surface.
Comparison of Carbon Dioxide Laser Modalities for Removal of Polymethylmethacrylate Cement
Authors: Rochat M. C. , Bartels K. E. , Payton M. E. , Hoffman R. J. , Schafer St. A. , Dickey D. , Lange D. N. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryPolymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement is routinely used in a number of surgical procedures performed on human beings and animals. As the use of PMMA increases in veterinary medicine, the need for its removal during “revision” surgeries also increases. Common indications for removal of PMMA are infection, aseptic loosening, and fracture of the cement. Polymethylmethacrylate cement is often applied in areas of the body where typical mechanical methods of removal are dangerous or impossible. Cement placed near the spinal canal for the treatment of caudal cervical malformation-malarticulation syndrome or deep within the femoral medullary canal for total hip prostheses are examples. The ability to safely and easily remove cement should lower intraoperative complication rates associated with revision surgeries.The vaporization efficiency for removal of PMMA cement for three carbon dioxide laser modalities (continuous wave only, with Swift-Lase™ attachment, and with Fiberlase™ wave guide) were determined, as well as heat transferred to periosteal surface during PMMA cement vaporization, and gross pathology to the cortical bone at the maximum vaporization efficiency power. Cefazolin sodium was added to half of the samples to determine if the ablation ablation rate of PMMA would be affected. The C02 laser with wave guide was the most efficient modality for vaporization at 25 watts, and produced significantly less heat transfer to the periosteal surface than the heat of polymerization of the PMMA cement. Cefazolin sodium appeared to slightly decrease the vaporization efficiency, and all of the lasers produced gross and histologic lesions to the bone.Three laser types were compared for their ability to efficiently and safely remove polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement. Vaporization rates were determined. The most efficient wattage for each laser modality was used to compare the heat transferred during PMMA removal as well as the pathology created by application of each laser modality to the cortical bone. The CO2 laser with wave guide at 25 watts was the most efficient modality for vaporization of PMMA cement, and produced significantly less heat transfer to the periosteal surface than the CO2 laser and the CO2 laser with Swift-Lase™.
Collateral Ligament Prosthesis for Stabilization of Transverse Subchondral Fracture of Metatarsus III/IV in a Calf
Authors: Schawalder P. , Steiner A. , Hirsbrunner G. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe successful use of a collateral ligament prosthesis for stabilization of a transverse subchondral fracture of metatarsus III/IV in a newborn calf is reported. The proximal metaphysis of the right metatarsus III/IV was displaced medially with the medial collateral ligaments ruptured. On the medial side the periosteum was intact, whereas it was detached on the lateral side. The fracture was reduced and the collateral ligaments and the periosteum were reattached on the lateral side of the proximal metatarsus III/IV using titanium alloy staples. On the medial side a braided polypropylene yarn prosthesis, including the ruptured collateral ligaments was attached to the os tarsale II/III and the proximal metatarsus III/IV, using titanium alloy staples. The minimal internal stabilization was reinforced by a full limb fibreglass cast.Seven months after the operation clinical and radiographic follow-up examination revealed complete healing of the fracture without signs of ankylosis of the tarsometatarsal joint. The calf did not show any signs of lameness and axial alignment of the fractured bone in the frontal and sagittal plane was excellent.Subchondral fractures in calves have rarely been described. The case reported here deals with treatment of a subchondral fracture of metatarsus III/IV in a newborn calf. Open fracture reduction was followed by minimal internal stabilization, using a collateral ligament prosthesis, which was reinforced by external coaptation. Follow-up examination revealed complete healing of the fracture in good alignment.
Evaluation of Femoral Nerve Blockade for Postoperative Analgesia in Dogs Undergoing Stifle Arthrotomy
Authors: Riedesel D. , Cox K. R. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe efficacy of the femoral nerve block (FNB) in alleviating postoperative pain was evaluated in dogs undergoing stifle arthrotomy. The pre- and postoperative nerve blocks were compared to intraarticular administration of a local anaesthetic. Forty-eight dogs with a ruptured cranial cruciate ligament were randomly assigned to the following groups: Group A (n = 16) received a femoral perineural injection prior to surgery; eight dogs within this group were given 0.5% bupivacaine and eight dogs received 0.9% saline. Group B (n = 16) had a femoral perineural injection immediately after surgery; eight dogs received 0.5% bupivacaine and eight received 0.9% saline. Group C (n = 16) dogs were given 0.5% bupivacaine (n = 8) or 0.9% saline (n = 8) intraarticularly. Postoperative pain was evaluated using a visual analog scale and a numerical rating scale, including measurement of heart rate, respiratory rate and systolic pressure. The dogs were scored preoperatively and at zero to six and at 24 hours after the operation. A significant difference was not noted between groups during the time until the first dose of supplemental analgesia nor in the total dose of supplemental analgesia required. The duration of the operation was found to be negatively correlated with the duration of postoperative analgesic effect. There was not any significant difference between the groups in pain scores at any time.Femoral nerve block (FNB) was evaluated for the control of postoperative pain in dogs undergoing stifle arthrotomy. FNB, using bupivacaine, was performed preoperatively and was compared to a postoperative FNB, and to saline controls. In addition, the efficacy of the FNB was compared to intra-articularly administered bupivacaine. Differences were not found between any groups in the alleviation of postoperative pain.