bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sudden death following dystocia and peritoneal contamination with a polyethylene polymer‐based obstetrical lubricant in an alpaca
Authors: Anderson David E , DiCarlo Caroline , Whitlock Brian Keith 
Published: March 2018

A four‐year‐old alpaca suffered muscle tremors, weakness and rear limb paresis following transvaginal correction of dystocia with the aid of a polyethylene oxide polymer (PEP) obstetrical lubricant. A large volume of serosanguinous fluid containing a viscous substance consistent with the PEP lubricant was found in the abdomen. The alpaca died 5.5 hours after dystocia and postmortem examination confirmed multiple uterine tears and presence of a large volume of PEP in the abdomen. The onset of clinical signs and death are consistent with that reported after intraperitoneal instillation of PEP‐based lubricants in horses and cows. Veterinarians should exercise caution when using PEP‐based lubricants based on the risk of death if intra‐abdominal contamination with PEP occurs.
Optimal Shelf-Inspection Policies of Self-Service Retailers
Authors: Ito Kodo , Higuchi Yoshiyuki , Ohta Masao , Liu Xiaoyuan 
Published: March 2018

In Japan, the annual sales share of supermarkets and convenience stores increased around 2000. Both self-servicing and delivering a wide variety of products are denominators of these stores, and they have an advantage in retail business competitions because self-service stores can reduce labor costs by engaging consumers with the provision of services and the productivity of these stores is higher than specialty stores. In case of self-service stores, miscellaneous jobs such as cash registering, goods arranging, and shelf reviewing, have to be performed by limited number of clerks and efficient operation methods are required. The inventory management of store shelves for avoiding out-of-stock is an important issue and the AHM-Model which is a famous periodic monitoring inventory utilizing dynamic programming was proposed. In this paper, store shelves are monitored periodically and are replenished when the total amount of goods is below a threshold. Total expected cost rates are defined and optimal thresholds are discussed utilizing the cumulative damage model analytically.
The Long Neglected Player: Modeling Tumor Uptake to Guide Optimal Dosing
Authors: Ruiz-Cerdá Leire , Asín-Prieto Eduardo , Parra-Guillen Zinnia P. , Trocóniz Iñaki F. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Pharmacokinetic modeling, traditionally using drug exposure, is widely used to support decision-making in translational medicine and patient care. The development of mechanistic computational models that integrate drug concentrations at the site of action making use of existing knowledge opens a new paradigm in optimal dosing. Clin Cancer Res; 24(14); 3236–8. ©2018 AACR.
See related article by Ribba et al., p. 3325
Água e saúde: fluoretação e revogação da Lei Federal n. 6.050/1974
Authors: Zilbovicius Celso , Ferreira Regina Glaucia Lucena Aguiar , Narvai Paulo Capel 
Published: March 2018

Ao contrário de muitos países, o Brasil dispõe de um instrumento legal que ampara a fluoretação da água (uma tecnologia de saúde pública eficaz para prevenir a cárie dentária em nível populacional): a Lei Federal n. 6.050/1974. Como não há objeções científicas à medida, o país deveria proteger esse instrumento. Contudo, a Câmara dos Deputados tem acolhido iniciativas parlamentares que pedem a revogação da lei brasileira que torna a medida obrigatória onde haja estação de tratamento de água. Tal é o caso dos projetos de lei n. 510/2003 e n. 6.359/2013. Neste artigo, são analisados os argumentos que justificam esses projetos de leis, à luz de evidências científicas. Constatou-se estreita semelhança entre os conteúdos dos dois projetos: os argumentos utilizados para justificar a revogação da lei não têm embasamento científico e se apoiam apenas em crendices e no senso comum. A fluoretação de águas de abastecimento tornou-se, ao longo do século XX, a ação de maior impacto na prevenção da cárie. No Brasil, a referida lei tornou-se um referencial jurídico importante para a implantação da fluoretação em boa parte do território nacional, beneficiando milhões de pessoas de todas as idades e contribuindo para atenuar as limitações de acesso às ações de prevenção individuais e à assistência odontológica. Conclui-se que a revogação da lei implicaria, em muitos casos, a suspensão dessa importante medida sanitária, configurando-se um ato de injustiça, com o aprofundamento de desigualdades decorrente da previsível piora do quadro epidemiológico bucal.
Geologia, mineralogia, inclusões fluidas e gênese dos depósitos de titanita-epidoto de Capelinha, Minas Gerais
Authors: Chaves Mario Luiz de Sá Carneiro , Tolentino Junior Eder Luiz , Dias Coralie Heinis , Romano Antônio Wilson 
Published: March 2018

Nas proximidades da cidade de Capelinha, Minas Gerais, ocorrem depósitos de titanita-epidoto associados a veios pegmatoides ricos em albita e/ou adulária, nos arredores de duas localidades principais conhecidas como Campo do Boa e Fanadinho. Tais depósitos estão hospedados em um xisto metavulcânico básico, rico em titânio, composto principalmente por albita, epidoto, actinolita, titanita e quartzo, relacionado à Formação Capelinha (Grupo Macaúbas), de idade toniana; o protólito dessa rocha foi determinado como um álcali-basalto, que foi metamorfisado em fácies anfibolito. Os veios apresentam espessura que varia entre alguns decímetros até cerca de 4 m, e são constituídos principalmente por albita, parcial a inteiramente caulinizada na área do Fanadinho, onde também são mais ricos em epidoto. Quartzo é raro, enquanto as micas são ausentes. Análises por difração de raios X, fluorescência de raios X e microssonda eletrônica, além de estudos de inclusões fluidas, permitiram caracterizar a titanita e minerais associados nesses depósitos. A titanita e, mais raramente, o epidoto podem formar drusas excepcionais, muito apreciadas por colecionadores de minerais, cujos monocristais em geral maclados podem alcançar alguns centímetros ao longo do eixo “c”. Outros minerais importantes nesses veios, embora incomuns, são apatita, ilmenita e actinolita. Estudos de inclusões fluidas indicaram uma temperatura mínima de cristalização na faixa de 300 a 450ºC. Em termos genéticos, tal mineralização relacionase, primeiramente, à extrusão dos basaltos ricos em titânio, os quais foram metamorfisados no Ciclo Brasiliano (± 570 Ma), com provável formação e enriquecimento de titanita. As temperaturas mínimas de aprisionamento das inclusões fluidas encontradas são plenamente compatíveis com as condições de fácies anfibolito. Esses dados indicam que os fluidos hidrotermais percolaram as rochas encaixantes ainda no processo de metamorfismo, provavelmente ao final desse processo.
Microestruturas ósseas e a fossilização em vertebrados pleistocênicos da Formação Rio Madeira, Sudoeste Amazônico, Brasil
Authors: Andrade Luana Cardoso de , Maniesi Vanderlei , Adamy Amílcar 
Published: March 2018

Microestruturas ósseas e suas relações com a fossilização foram estudadas em elementos esqueletais de indivíduos de Megatheriidae e Toxodontidae (megafauna pleistocênica de Araras, Rondônia), coletados nas décadas de 1970 a 1990, em depósitos fluviais da Formação Rio Madeira. A utilização de técnicas de microscopia (óptica convencional com luz polarizada e eletrônica de varredura) e determinação química (espectrometria de energia dispersiva) revelou o processo de fossilização com predominância de carbono atuando nos espécimes estudados. O processo foi constatado, pela primeira vez, em fósseis de vertebrados pleistocênicos provenientes de depósitos fluviais da Formação Rio Madeira, caracterizado pela presença da matriz amorfa negra em microestruturas ósseas, com atuação do processo de fossilização associada ao carbono, inicialmente em microestruturas de porções compactas ósseas e, em seguida, degradando porções esponjosas dos ossos. Esse processo gerou diferentes estágios de degradação microestrutural, sendo possível, em alguns casos, identificações histológicas detalhadas; em outros, de total degradação, ocorre somente a matriz amorfa negra disseminada. A matriz amorfa negra possui o carbono como constituinte químico predominante com teores de até 90,19%. Além disso, eventos diagenéticos geraram microfissuras na matriz amorfa negra dos canais de Havers e Volkmann (pós-fossilização), bem como nos ósteons (pós-soterramento) e radiais (post mortem).
Faciologia orgânica da Formação Romualdo (Grupo Santana, Cretáceo Inferior da Bacia do Araripe): caracterização da matéria orgânica sedimentar e interpretação paleoambiental
Authors: Teixeira Marília Carvalho , Mendonça Filho João Graciano , Oliveira Antônio Donizeti de , Assine Mário Luis 
Published: March 2018

A reconstrução paleoambiental do Grupo Santana (Neoaptiano-Eoalbiano) é matéria ainda controversa, principalmente no que se refere à influência marinha na sedimentação. Nesse contexto, a análise de palinofácies pode ser utilizada como ferramenta na caracterização de sistemas deposicionais, por meio da determinação de parâmetros palinofaciológicos e organogeoquímicos, baseados na concentração e distribuição dos componentes da matéria orgânica. No presente estudo foram utilizadas técnicas de microscopia em luz branca transmitida e azul/ultravioleta incidente (fluorescência) e métodos geoquímicos para a identificação dos diferentes grupos e subgrupos da matéria orgânica particulada em 58 amostras de uma seção sedimentar da Formação Romualdo (Grupo Santana, Cretáceo Inferior da Bacia do Araripe). As análises permitiram verificar a existência de duas assembleias distintas de componentes orgânicos particulados. A primeira é caracterizada por dominância de matéria orgânica amorfa derivada de tecidos vegetais, com quantidades relativamente elevadas de componentes de origem marinha. A segunda assembleia é caracterizada por dominância do Grupo Fitoclasto, predominando o subgrupo do fitoclasto não opaco não bioestruturado. A subdivisão do perfil litológico estudado em cinco intervalos estratigráficos possibilitou identificar ciclicidade no padrão de suprimento do material orgânico, relacionada a oscilações do nível relativo do mar. Dentre os intervalos estratigráficos identificados, constatou-se indícios da ocorrência de pelo menos duas ingressões marinhas durante a deposição da Formação Romualdo. A primeira marca o estabelecimento de condições relativamente estáveis de deposição da matéria orgânica, sob fácies de caráter mais distal a intermediário, em ambiente de mar epicontinental. A segunda ingressão marinha apresenta tendência de deposição da matéria orgânica sedimentar em condições proximais, mas com elevada influência de componentes de origem marinha, evidenciando um ambiente transicional proximal-distal, possivelmente um ambiente marinho costeiro.
<b>The Red-headed Falcon <I>Falco chicquera</I> Daudin, 1800 (Aves: Falconiformes: Falconidae) breeding on Palmyra Palm at Bahour Lake, Puducherry (Pondicherry), India</b>
Authors: Lekshmi Raveendran , Boobalan Surendhar 
Published: March 2018

Breeding of the Red-headed Falcon Falco chicquera is being reported from Bahour Lake in Union Territory of Puducherry along with the breeding period observations. The falcon nesting on the Palmyra palm Borassus flabellifer is reported for the first time from the country. The courtship was observed in mid-January and chicks fledged in mid-April. Incubation lasted 37 days, chicks fledged in 34–37 days, become nest independent in 40–43 days and become independent from parental care in 69–72 days. Feeding frequency for 27–30 days old chicks were five prey deliveries during a two hours’ observation in the morning. Fledglings were adult size, but with brownish crown and moustachial stripe, pale collar, maroon shoulders, darker wings and buff tinge on the underside; and were observed to retain the foraging territory in nesting area even after one month of removal from parental care. Availability of quality crow nest in areas of good prey density could be a decisive factor in selecting breeding location; many crow nests on Palmyra palms were noticed in Puducherry region. The palm nesting falcon could face additional threats from toddy and fruit extractors since the breeding season coincides with the flowering and fruiting season of Palmyra.
<b>A checklist of bird communities In Tamhini Wildlife Sanctuary, the northern Western Ghats, Maharashtra, India</b>
Authors: Vinayak Dhananjay Chavan , Mali Subhash Vitthal 
Published: March 2018

Bird communities in Tamhini Wildlife Sanctuary in the northern Western Ghats were studied using line transect and point count methods from the year 2011 to 2013. The updated checklist of birds at the Sanctuary is now represented by 164 bird species. The present study reported 35 new records to the area, while 15 earlier reported bird species were not observed. Overall, 55 insectivorous, 19 omnivorous, 14 granivorous, nine piscivorous, eight frugivorous, eight carnivorous and six nectarivorous species were observed. Out of these, 98 were residents, 17 winter visitors, three vagrant visitors and one was summer migrant. Four restricted range species were recorded from the Sanctuary as Nilgiri Wood Pigeon Columba elphinstonii, Malabar Grey Hornbill Ocyceros griseus, White-bellied Blue Flycatcher Cyornis pallipes and Crimson-backed Sunbird Leptocoma minima. Human activities such as pruning, cutting, grazing, fires, quarrying, trailing and camping were also reported in and around the Sanctuary.
Prevalence and Predictors of Cholesterol Screening, Awareness, and Statin Treatment Among US Adults With Familial Hypercholesterolemia or Other Forms of Severe Dyslipidemia (1999–2014)
Authors: Bucholz Emily M. , Rodday Angie Mae , Kolor Katherine , Khoury Muin J. , de Ferranti Sarah D. 
Published: March 2018

Background:
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and other extreme elevations in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol significantly increase the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; however, recent data suggest that prescription rates for statins remain low in these patients. National rates of screening, awareness, and treatment with statins among individuals with FH or severe dyslipidemia are unknown.

Methods:
Data from the 1999 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used to estimate prevalence rates of self-reported screening, awareness, and statin therapy among US adults (n=42 471 weighted to represent 212 million US adults) with FH (defined using the Dutch Lipid Clinic criteria) and with severe dyslipidemia (defined as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels ≥190 mg/dL). Logistic regression was used to identify sociodemographic and clinical correlates of hypercholesterolemia awareness and statin therapy.

Results:
The estimated US prevalence of definite/probable FH was 0.47% (standard error, 0.03%) and of severe dyslipidemia was 6.6% (standard error, 0.2%). The frequency of cholesterol screening and awareness was high (>80%) among adults with definite/probable FH or severe dyslipidemia; however, statin use was uniformly low (52.3% [standard error, 8.2%] of adults with definite/probable FH and 37.6% [standard error, 1.2%] of adults with severe dyslipidemia). Only 30.3% of patients with definite/probable FH on statins were taking a high-intensity statin. The prevalence of statin use in adults with severe dyslipidemia increased over time (from 29.4% to 47.7%) but not faster than trends in the general population (from 5.7% to 17.6%). Older age, health insurance status, having a usual source of care, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and having a personal history of early atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease were associated with higher statin use.

Conclusions:
Despite the high prevalence of cholesterol screening and awareness, only ≈50% of adults with FH are on statin therapy, with even fewer prescribed a high-intensity statin; young and uninsured patients are at the highest risk for lack of screening and for undertreatment. This study highlights an imperative to improve the frequency of cholesterol screening and statin prescription rates to better identify and treat this high-risk population. Additional studies are needed to better understand how to close these gaps in screening and treatment.
Prognostic Performance of Heart Rate Recovery on an Exercise Test in a Primary Prevention Population
Authors: Sydó Nóra , Sydó Tibor , Gonzalez Carta Karina A. , Hussain Nasir , Farooq Shausha , Murphy Joseph G. , Merkely Béla , Lopez‐Jimenez Francisco , Allison Thomas G. 
Published: March 2018

Background

Heart rate (
HR
) recovery has been investigated in specific patient cohorts, but there is less information about the role of
HR
recovery in general populations. We investigated whether
HR
recovery has long‐term prognostic significance in primary prevention.

Methods and Results

Exercise tests performed between 1993 and 2010 on patients aged 30 to 79 years without cardiovascular disease were included. Mortality was determined from Mayo Clinic records and Minnesota Death Index. Total,
cardiovascular
, and non‐cardiovascular mortality was reported according to
HR
recovery <13 bpm using Cox regression. 19 551 patients were included, 6756 women (35%), age 51±10 years. There were 1271 deaths over follow‐up of 12±5 years.
HR
recovery declined after age 60, and was also lower according to diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity, current smoking, and poor cardiorespiratory fitness but not sex or β‐blockers. Adjusting for these factors, abnormal
HR
recovery was a significant predictor of total (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]=1.56 [1.384–1.77]), cardiovascular (1.95 [1.57–2.42]), and non‐cardiovascular death (1.41 [1.22–1.64]). Hazard ratios for cardiovascular death according to abnormal
HR
recovery were significant in all age groups (30–59, 60–69, 70–79), in both sexes, in patients with and without hypertension, obesity, and diabetes mellitus, but not in patients taking β‐blockers, current smokers, and patients with normal cardiorespiratory fitness.

Conclusions

HR
recovery is a powerful prognostic factor predicting total, cardiovascular, and non‐cardiovascular death in a primary prevention cohort. It performs consistently well according to sex, age, obesity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus but shows diminished utility in patients taking β‐blockers, current smokers, and patients with normal cardiorespiratory fitness.
Effect of Vegan Fecal Microbiota Transplantation on Carnitine‐ and Choline‐Derived Trimethylamine‐N‐Oxide Production and Vascular Inflammation in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Smits Loek P. , Kootte Ruud S. , Levin Evgeni , Prodan Andrei , Fuentes Susana , Zoetendal Erwin G. , Wang Zeneng , Levison Bruce S. , Cleophas Maartje C. P. , Kemper E. Marleen , Dallinga‐Thie Geesje M. , Groen Albert K. , Joosten Leo A. B. , Netea Mihai G. , Stroes Erik S. G. , de Vos Willem M. , Hazen Stanley L. , Nieuwdorp Max 
Published: March 2018

Background

Intestinal microbiota have been found to be linked to cardiovascular disease via conversion of the dietary compounds choline and carnitine to the atherogenic metabolite TMAO (trimethylamine‐N‐oxide). Specifically, a vegan diet was associated with decreased plasma
TMAO
levels and nearly absent
TMAO
production on carnitine challenge.

Methods and Results

We performed a double‐blind randomized controlled pilot study in which 20 male metabolic syndrome patients were randomized to single lean vegan‐donor or autologous fecal microbiota transplantation. At baseline and 2 weeks thereafter, we determined the ability to produce
TMAO
from d
6
‐choline and d
3
‐carnitine (eg, labeled and unlabeled
TMAO
in plasma and 24‐hour urine after oral ingestion of 250 mg of both isotope‐labeled precursor nutrients), and fecal samples were collected for analysis of microbiota composition.
18
F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography scans of the abdominal aorta, as well as ex vivo peripheral blood mononuclear cell cytokine production assays, were performed. At baseline, fecal microbiota composition differed significantly between vegans and metabolic syndrome patients. With vegan‐donor fecal microbiota transplantation, intestinal microbiota composition in metabolic syndrome patients, as monitored by global fecal microbial community structure, changed toward a vegan profile in some of the patients; however, no functional effects from vegan‐donor fecal microbiota transplantation were seen on
TMAO
production, abdominal aortic
18
F‐fluorodeoxyglucose uptake, or ex vivo cytokine production from peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Conclusions

Single lean vegan‐donor fecal microbiota transplantation in metabolic syndrome patients resulted in detectable changes in intestinal microbiota composition but failed to elicit changes in
TMAO
production capacity or parameters related to vascular inflammation.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
http://www.trialregister.nl
. Unique identifier: NTR 4338.
Prognostic Value of Serial N‐Terminal Pro‐B‐Type Natriuretic Peptide Measurements in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Baggen Vivan J. M. , Baart Sara J. , van den Bosch Annemien E. , Eindhoven Jannet A. , Witsenburg Maarten , Cuypers Judith A. A. E. , Roos‐Hesselink Jolien W. , Boersma Eric 
Published: March 2018

Background

A single
NT
‐pro
BNP
(N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide) measurement is a strong prognostic factor in adult congenital heart disease. This study investigates
NT
‐pro
BNP
profiles within patients with adult congenital heart disease and relates these to cardiovascular events.

Methods and Results

In this prospective cohort, 602 patients with adult congenital heart disease were enrolled at the outpatient clinic (years 2011–2013).
NT
‐pro
BNP
was measured at study inclusion in 595 patients (median age 33 [
IQR
25–41] years, 58% male, 90%
NYHA
I) and at subsequent annual visits. The primary end point was defined as death, heart failure, hospitalization, arrhythmia, thromboembolic event, or cardiac intervention; the secondary end point as death or heart failure. Repeated measurements were analyzed using linear mixed models and joint models. During a median follow‐up of 4.4 [
IQR
3.8–4.8] years, a total of 2424 repeated measurements were collected. Average
NT
‐pro
BNP
increase was 2.9 pmol/L the year before the primary end point (n=199, 34%) and 18.2 pmol/L before the secondary end point (n=58, 10%), compared with 0.3 pmol/L in patients who remained end point‐free (
P
‐value for difference in slope 0.006 and <0.001, respectively). In patients with elevated baseline
NT
‐pro
BNP
(>14 pmol/L, n=315, 53%), repeated measurements were associated with the primary end point (
HR
per 2‐fold higher value 2.08; 95%
CI
1.31–3.87;
P
<0.001) and secondary end point (
HR
2.47; 95%
CI
1.13–5.70;
P
=0.017), when adjusted for the baseline measurement.

Conclusions

NT
‐pro
BNP
increased before the occurrence of events, especially in patients who died or developed heart failure. Serial
NT
‐pro
BNP
measurements could be of additional prognostic value in the annual follow‐up of patients with adult congenitive heart disease with an elevated
NT
‐pro
BNP
.
Jurisdiction and Admissibility in Investment Arbitration: The Practice and the Theory
Authors: Fontanelli Filippo 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This is the first half of a two-part essay on jurisdiction and admissibility in investment arbitration. It focuses on the arbitration practice, whilst the second part sets these concepts in the wider framework of public international law litigation. This essay maps the objections to the tribunal’s jurisdiction (by ratio: materiae, temporis, loci and personae) and the claim’s admissibility. It offers some preliminary conclusions: in certain areas there still is no consensus; tribunals are inclined to characterise objections as jurisdictional, and rarely resort to admissibility; findings of inadmissibility draw a judgment on the claimant or the claim’s propriety (whilst jurisdictional decisions typically eschew value-judgment); tribunals failed to distinguish jurisdiction from admissibility. These findings are further explored, within a wider theoretical context, in the second part of the essay.