bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probing for Thiol‐Mediated Uptake into Bacteria
Authors: Laurent Quentin , Berthet Mathéo , Cheng Yangyang , Sakai Naomi , Barluenga Sofia , Winssinger Nicolas , Matile Stefan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCellular uptake mediated by cyclic oligochalcogenides (COCs) is emerging as a conceptually innovative method to penetrate mammalian cells. Their mode of action is based on dynamic covalent oligochalcogenide exchange with cellular thiols. To test thiol‐mediated uptake in bacteria, five antibiotics have been equipped with up to three different COCs: One diselenolane and two dithiolanes. We found that the COCs do not activate antibiotics in Gram‐negative bacteria. In Gram‐positive bacteria, the COCs inactivate antibiotics that act in the cytoplasm and reduce the activity of antibiotics that act on the cell surface. These results indicate that thiol‐mediated uptake operates in neither of the membranes of bacteria. COCs are likely to exchange with thiols on the inner, maybe also on the outer membrane, but do not move on. Concerning mammalian cells, the absence of a COC‐mediated uptake into bacteria observed in this study disfavors trivial mechanisms, such as passive diffusion, and supports the existence of more sophisticated, so far poorly understood uptake pathways.
A better patch for a perforation: Is your cath lab ready?
Authors: Gilchrist Ian C. 
Published: October 2019

Key Points
A new covered stent that is inherently easier to deliver to the area of perforation is now available under the Food and Drug Administration's Human Device Exemption regulations.
Coronary artery perforation remains a deadly complication even with a successfully delivered covered stent.
The extra paperwork required to obtain this device makes an ideal occasion to review the disaster plan the catheterization laboratory has for the next coronary perforation.
Novel predictors of late lumen enlargement in distal reference segments after successful recanalization of coronary chronic total occlusion: Do we have the answers?
Authors: Nakamura Kenta , Dean Larry S. 
Published: October 2019

Key Points
The vessel distal to chronic total occlusions is negatively remodeled with impaired vasomotor function, confounding assessment of true lumen diameter following revascularization.
Late lumen gain following revascularization of chronic total occlusions is modest, averaging approximately 16%, but may be greater in select coronary substrates.
In this small, retrospective study of 134 patients, small distal lumen diameter, left anterior descending target, and absence of moderate and severe calcification on intravascular ultrasound are independently associated with late lumen gain of >19%.
Use of Alkylarsonium Directing Agents for the Synthesis and Study of Zeolites
Authors: Sáez‐Ferre Sara , Lopes Christian W. , Simancas Jorge , Vidal‐Moya Alejandro , Blasco Teresa , Agostini Giovanni , Mínguez Espallargas Guillermo , Jordá Jose L. , Rey Fernando , Oña‐Burgos Pascual 
Published: October 2019

AbstractExpanding the previously known family of ‐onium (ammonium, phosphonium, and sulfonium) organic structure‐directing agents (OSDAs) for the synthesis of zeolite MFI, a new member, the arsonium cation, is used for the first time. The new group of tetraalkylarsonium cations has allowed the synthesis of the zeolite ZSM‐5 with several different chemical compositions, opening a route for the synthesis of zeolites with a new series of OSDA. Moreover, the use of As replacing N in the OSDA allows the introduction of probe atoms that facilitate the study of these molecules by powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR), and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Finally, the influence of trivalent elements such as B, Al, or Ga isomorphically replacing Si atoms in the framework structure and its interaction with the As species has been studied. The suitability of the tetraalkylarsonium cation for carrying out the crystallization of zeolites is demonstrated along with the benefit of the presence of As atoms in the occluded OSDA, which allows its advanced characterization as well as the study of its evolution during OSDA removal by thermal treatments.
Fused N‐Heterocycles with Contiguous Stereogenic Centers Accessed by an Asymmetric Catalytic Cascade Reaction of Tertiary Enamides
Authors: Zhen Li , Tong Shuo , Zhu Jieping , Wang Mei‐Xiang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe report in this article a cascade reaction strategy for the synthesis of complex N‐heterocyclic compounds with contiguous and tetrasubstituted stereogenic carbons. Under the sequential catalysis of a chiral binol–Ti complex and BF3, cyclopentanone‐derived tertiary enamides undergo an enantioselective enamine addition to ketone carbonyls followed by diastereoselective trapping of the resulting acyliminiums by electron‐rich aryl moieties to furnish four‐ and five‐membered ring‐fused N‐heterocyclic products as the sole diastereomers in high yields with up to 99 % ee.
A Novel Approach for Bisphosphonates: Ionic Liquids and Organic Salts from Zoledronic Acid
Authors: Teixeira Sónia , Santos Miguel M. , Ferraz Ricardo , Prudêncio Cristina , Fernandes Maria H. , Costa‐Rodrigues João , Branco Luís C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNovel ionic liquids and organic salts based on mono‐ or dianionic zoledronate and protonated superbases, choline and n‐alkylmethylimidazolium cations, were prepared and characterized by spectroscopic and thermal analyses. Most of the prepared salts display amorphous structures and very high solubility in water and saline solutions, especially the dianionic salts. Among the zoledronate‐based ionic compounds, those containing choline [Ch] and methoxyethylmethylimidazolium [C3OMIM] cations appear to have significant cytotoxicity against human osteosarcoma cells (MG63) and low toxicity toward healthy skin fibroblast cells. Because osteosarcoma is a bone pathology characterized by an increase in bone turnover rate, the results presented herein may be a promising starting point for the development of new ionic pharmaceutical drugs against osteosarcoma.
Genome Size and Sex Chromosome Variability of Bed Bugs Feeding on Animal Hosts Compared to Cimex lectularius Parasitizing Human (Heteroptera: Cimicidae)
Authors: Sadílek David , Urfus Tomáš , Vilímová Jitka 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGenome size and chromosome number of five Cimicidae species were compared with the similar data recently received from Cimex lectularius parasitizing human. The average nuclear DNA content (males) was 2C = 1.47 pg in C. hemipterus, 2C = 1.61 pg in C. hirundinis, 2C = 1.80 pg in C. lectularius from bats, 2C = 1.68 pg in C. pipistrelli, and 2C = 1.22 pg in Paracimex cf. chaeturus. In the genomes of all cimicid species analyzed, the average GC content ranged from 32.74% in C. pipistrelli to 35.87% in P. cf. chaeturus. Chromosome variability with two male cytotypes, 2n = 28 + X1X2Y and 28 + X1X2X3Y, was confirmed in C. pipistrelli. In addition, intraspecific variability in chromosome number was revealed in C. lectularius from bats with 2n = 26 + X1X2Y and 26 + X1X2X3Y. We suggest that the origin of intraspecific variability in chromosome number of C. lectularius from bats and C. pipistrelli is not only the result of simple fragmentation, but additive rearrangements like duplications are probably also involved. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Tolerance of disease‐vector mosquitoes to brackish water and their osmoregulatory ability
Authors: Kengne Pierre , Charmantier Guy , Blondeau‐Bidet Eva , Costantini Carlo , Ayala Diego 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSalinity tolerance is an important trait that governs the ecology of disease‐vector mosquitoes by determining their choice of larval habitat, and consequently their ecological and geographical distribution. Here, we used laboratory strains to determine the osmotic responses of larvae of obligate freshwater disease‐vector mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti,Aedes albopictus,Anopheles coluzzii,An. gambiae,Culex pipiens, andCx. quinquefasciatus) and assessed their relationship with salinity tolerance. First, we analyzed the acute dose–mortality response of fourth‐instar larvae to salinity; then, we measured their hemolymph osmolality after 24‐h exposure to varying salinities. We found thatAe. albopictuswas the most tolerant species, followed byAn. coluzzii,Ae. aegypti,Cx. quinquefasciatus, andAn. gambiae, in decreasing order.Cx. pipienswas the least tolerant species. All mosquitoes were hyper‐iso‐osmoregulators, but with species‐specific differences. Specifically, hemolymph osmolality in deionized water varied among species, andCx. pipiensand the twoAedesspecies showed the lowest and highest osmolality. Although all species were osmoconformers at higher salinity values, hemolymph osmolality approached environmental osmolality more rapidly in species of theCulexgenus, compared withAedesspecies where it increased slowly. Moreover, hemolymph osmolality in deionized water was significantly correlated with tolerance to salinity across species. This could allow predicting the salinity tolerance of untested species on the basis of their osmoregulatory ability. However, this correlation disappeared when considering the hemolymph osmolality of larvae exposed to salinities higher than deionized water.
Multiscale habitat mediates pest reduction by birds in an intensive agricultural region
Authors: Heath Sacha K. , Long Rachael F. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHabitat augmentation on farms is predicted to conserve biological diversity and support beneficial animals that reduce crop pests. Effectiveness of local habitat enhancement and subsequent pest reduction services can be mediated by the amount of habitat at larger scales. We tested whether the presence and increase of local and landscape scale bird habitat increased avian predator abundance and pest reduction by birds. We surveyed birds and performed a sentinel prey exclosure experiment in walnut orchards in the Sacramento Valley, California, USA—comparing predation probability between orchards with (n = 10) and without (n = 10) woody habitat in uncultivated orchard margins. We digitized seminatural habitat cover in landscapes around orchards to test the effectiveness of avian predators in reducing sentinel prey along a seminatural cover gradient of 0–38%. Experimental prey were diapausing larvae of Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae; codling moth), a significant pest of walnuts, which overwinter in cocoons in orchards, emerge as adults, and produce larvae that feed on the nuts the following spring. Permitting bird access to cocoons increased larval predation from 11% (caged) to 46% (no cage), and predation increased with increasing proportions of seminatural habitat within 500‐m of orchard transects. Predation also increased as the size and bark furrow depth of walnut trees increased, likely because these characteristics were associated with increasing abundance of avian predators with functional traits specific to consuming tree‐dwelling cocoons (e.g., woodpeckers). The presence and increasing complexity of local margin habitat increased the species richness and abundance of avian predators but was not predictive of cocoon predation. Consistent with intermediate landscape‐complexity hypothesis predictions, the effect size of woodpecker abundance on predation was large in simple landscapes (1–20% seminatural cover) and low in complex landscapes (>20% cover). Contrary to predictions, effect size was large in cleared landscapes (<1% cover), suggesting that orchards supported predators in cleared landscapes, with positive effects on pest reduction. We provide evidence that increasing the abundance of avian predators with traits specific for consuming target pests—by retaining old trees and seminatural cover—can increase orchard pest reduction services in an intensive agricultural region.
Habitat structure as an alternative explanation for body‐size patterns in the deep sea
Authors: van der Grient J. M. A. , Rogers A. D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPatterns in body size are important to study as the size of an organism correlates with many biological traits of the organism. Changes in the size distribution of a community can be indicative of environmental change and/or anthropogenic impacts. What structures body size is, however, still poorly understood, with many factors proposed and shown to influence body size, including energy, which is likely a major driver. The deep sea is a good test bed to explore the relationship between body size and the availability of energy as it is an energy‐poor system, and strong responses to energy changes are expected. Here, we test the increased packing hypothesis that states that the modal size class should increase with energy, while other size classes reduce in abundance, resulting in less variance in the distribution. This has been demonstrated to be the case in a system with discrete food resources, but here we test what happens when energy is not discretely distributed. Furthermore, we test for alternative explanations using habitat structure to explain patterns in body size. We find no support for the increased packing hypothesis for the two energy variables used, but we did find strong patterns with habitat structure. Only when habitat structure was included did we find a small effect of particulate organic carbon on the mean body size. It is likely that how energy is partitioned in an ecosystem influences its structuring effect; when energy is not distributed in a discrete way, this can obfuscate the relationship. Habitat structure influences how energy is distributed in a system, and studying body size in relation to both habitat structure and energy may further our understanding in what structures this aspect of benthic communities.
Bacteriochlorin‐bis(spermine) conjugate affords an effective photodynamic action to eradicate microorganisms
Authors: Ballatore María B. , Milanesio María E. , Fujita Hikaru , Lindsey Jonathan S. , Durantini Edgardo N. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA novel bacteriochlorin bearing two spermine units (BCS) was synthesized from 3,13‐dibromo‐8,8,18,18‐tetramethylbacteriochlorin (BC‐Br
3,13). The synthesis involved the Suzuki coupling of BC‐Br
3,13 to obtain a bacteriochlorin‐dibenzaldehyde (BCA), which was subjected to reductive amination with spermine. The resulting bacteriochlorin BCS presents a strong near‐infrared absorption band at 747 nm, emits at 750 nm with fluorescence quantum yield of 0.14, and generates singlet molecular oxygen, O2(1Δg), with a quantum yield of 0.27. Photokilling capacities mediated by BCS were evaluated in microbial cells. The viability of Staphylococcus aureus decreased 7 logs when cells were incubated with 1 μM BCS and irradiated for 15 minutes. Comparable photocytotoxic effect was obtained with Escherichia coli, when cells were treated for 30 minutes with visible light. BCS was also an effective photosensitizer to inactivate Candida albicans. In addition, this bacteriochlorin was able to eradicate bacteria at short incubation times. The structure of BCS contains eight basic amino groups that, when protonated in water, increase the binding to the cell envelope. In summary, the readily accessible bacteriochlorin BCS was highly effective at low concentrations as a broad‐spectrum antimicrobial photosensitizer.
NUSAP1 knockdown inhibits cell growth and metastasis of non‐small‐cell lung cancer through regulating BTG2/PI3K/Akt signaling
Authors: Xu ZheYuan , Wang Yang , Xiong Jian , Cui FengXian , Wang Lan , Peng Hao 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNon‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common malignancy along with high mortality rate worldwide. Recently, nucleolar and spindle‐associated protein 1 (NUSAP1) has been reported to be involved in the malignant progression of several cancers. However, in NSCLC, the biological function of NUSAP1 and its molecular mechanism have not been reported. Here, our findings indicated that the NUSAP1 messenger RNA expression level was remarkably upregulated in NSCLC tissues compared with that of adjacent normal tissues. We also found that NUSAP1 gene expression was notably upregulated in NSCLC cell lines (A549, 95‐D, H358, and H1299) compared with that of normal human bronchial epithelial cell line (16HBE). Subsequently, the biological function of NUSAP1 was investigated in A549 and H358 cells transfected with NUSAP1 small interfering RNA (siRNA), respectively. Results showed that NUSAP1 knockdown inhibited NSCLC cell proliferation, and promoted cell apoptosis. Furthermore, the number of cell migration and invasion was significantly suppressed by NUSAP1 knockdown. In addition, our results indicated that NUSAP1 knockdown increased the gene expression of B‐cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2), but decreased the expression levels of phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) and phosphorylated serine/threonine kinase (p‐AKT). BTG2 siRNA partly abrogates the effect of NUSAP1 knockdown on BTG2 gene expression. Fumonisin B1 (FB1), a AKT activator, reversed the effect of NUSAP1 knockdown on the biological function in NSCLC. Taken together, NUSAP1 knockdown promotes NSCLC cell apoptosis, and inhibits cell proliferation, cell migration, and invasion, which is associated with regulating BTG2/PI3K/Akt signal pathway. Our findings suggest that NUSAP1 is a promising molecular target for NSCLC treatment.
Continuous Indirect Calorimetry in Critically Injured Patients Reveals Significant Daily Variability and Delayed, Sustained Hypermetabolism
Authors: Vasileiou Georgia , Mulder Michelle B. , Qian Sinong , Iyengar Rahul , Gass Lindsey M. , Parks Jonathan , Lineen Edward , Byers Patricia , Yeh Daniel Dante 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have used using Indirect Calorimetry (IC) with solitary or sparse measurements of resting energy expenditure (REE). This “snapshot” may not capture the dynamic nature of metabolic requirements. Using continuous IC, we describe the variation of REE during the first days in the intensive care unit.MethodsInjured adults (≥18 years) requiring mechanical ventilation from March 2018 to September 2018 were enrolled. IC was initiated within 4 days of admission and continuous REE recorded until 14 days, extubation, or death. Multiple 10‐minute periods collected during steady state were used to calculate daily REE maximum, minimum, average, and variability [(REEmax − REEmin/2)/average REE].ResultsWe included 55 patients. Median age was 38 [27–58] years, 38 (69%) were male, body mass index was 28 [25–33] kg/m2, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II was 17 [14–24]. Mechanism of injury was: blunt (n = 38, 69%), penetrating (n = 9, 16%), and burn (n = 8, 15%). Average REE increased gradually from 1,663 kcal [1,435–2,143] to a maximum of 2,080 [1,701–2,336] on day 7, a relative 25% increase, which was sustained through day 14. REE variability ranged 8%–13% and was not reliably predicted by fever, tachycardia, elevated intracranial pressures, hypertension, or hypotension.ConclusionIn critically injured patients, steady‐state REE measurements display fluctuations over a 24‐hour period and demonstrate a gradual rise over the first few days after injury. Continuous REE, if available, is recommended for more precise matching of energy delivery to metabolic requirements.
Trends in hearing rehabilitation use among vestibular schwannoma patients
Authors: Drusin Madeleine A. , Lubor Brienne , Losenegger Tasher , Selesnick Samuel 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveMost patients with vestibular schwannoma (VS) have significant hearing loss in the affected ear as a result of either their tumor or treatment. There is a paucity of data on which hearing rehabilitation options, if any, are preferred by patients with VS. Our study analyzed the use of hearing rehabilitation devices among VS patients.MethodsPatients with unilateral VS treated at our institution from January 2008 to August 2018 were identified. Those with bilateral VS, profound hearing loss in the contralateral ear, neurofibromatosis type 2, or inadequate follow‐up were excluded. Patients who met inclusion criteria were given two online questionnaires: an 8‐item instrument that assesses use of hearing rehabilitation devices and the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit.ResultsOf 212 eligible patients, 61 completed both surveys. The majority (88%) were able to hear “poorly” or “not at all” in the affected ear, but less than one‐third had ever used a hearing rehabilitation device. Most had used conventional hearing aids (30%) or contralateral routing of signal/bilateral contralateral routing of signal (30%), whereas only a handful had used bone‐anchored hearing devices or cochlear implant. Patients who did not pursue hearing rehabilitation were either not bothered by their deficit or were unaware of their options. Most had good functionality despite their deficit.ConclusionWhereas 88% of patients treated for VS had a significant hearing loss, the majority did not pursue hearing rehabilitation but maintained good functional performance. Many did not remember being counseled about hearing rehabilitation options, indicating that regular and repeated counseling may be needed to increase patient utilization of hearing rehabilitation after VS treatment.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:1558–1564, 2020
Nutrition Risk Screening in Intensive Care Units: Agreement Between NUTRIC and NRS 2002 Tools
Authors: Coruja Mariane Kubiszewski , Cobalchini Yasmini , Wentzel Cristiane , Fink Jaqueline da Silva 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition recommends nutrition screening in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and indicates the use of 2 tools: Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002) or Nutrition Risk in the Critically Ill (NUTRIC). This study aims to compare nutrition risk detected by NRS 2002 and NUTRIC to identify whether both tools are equivalent for clinical practice in the ICU.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted in 2 hospital centers in the south of Brazil. Adult patients (≥18 years old) who stayed in the ICU for >24 hours were included. NUTRIC and NRS 2002 were compared with each other for their agreement in screening for nutrition risk.ResultsThe study included 208 patients, most of them male (63.5%). The comparison between both nutrition screening tools showed fair agreement (κ = 0.39). Nearly half of the patients were classified at high nutrition risk by NUTRIC (47.6%), whereas only approximately one‐third of the sample was classified similarly by NRS 2002 (35.6%).ConclusionDespite the ability to identify patients with high nutrition risk, NUTRIC and NRS 2002 performed differently and were not concordant, suggesting that are not equivalent for clinical practice in the ICU.
A numerical study of partitioned fluid‐structure interaction applied to a cantilever in incompressible turbulent flow
Authors: Lorentzon Johan , Revstedt Johan 
Published: October 2019

SummaryThis study presents an approach for partitioned fluid‐structure interaction (FSI) applied to large structural deformations, where an incompressible turbulent solver is combined with a structural solver. The implementation is based upon two different open‐source libraries by using MPI as a parallel communication protocol, the packages and OpenFOAM. FSI is achieved through a strongly‐coupled scheme. The solver has been validated against cases with a submerged cantilever in a channel flow to which experiments, numerical calculations and theoretical solutions are available. The verification of the procedure is performed by using a solid‐solid interaction (SSI) study. The solver has proven to be robust and has the same parallel efficiency as the fluid and the solid solver stand‐alone.