bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influenza-associated Hospitalization in Children Younger Than 5 Years of Age in Suzhou, China, 2011–2016
Authors: Yu Jia , Zhang Xiyan , Shan Wei , Gao Junmei , Hua Jun , Tian Jianmei , Ding Yunfang , Zhang Jun , Chen Liling , Song Ying , Zhou Suizan , Iuliano A. Danielle , Greene Carolyn M. , Zhang Tao , Zhao Genming 
Published: August 2018

Background:
Studying the burden and risk factors associated with severe illness from influenza infection in young children in eastern China will contribute to future cost-effectiveness analyses of local influenza vaccine programs.

Methods:
We conducted prospective, severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) surveillance at Suzhou University–Affiliated Children’s Hospital to estimate influenza-associated hospitalizations in Suzhou University–Affiliated Children’s Hospital by month in children younger than 5 years of age from October 2011 to September 2016. SARI was defined as fever (measured axillary temperature ≥ 38°C) and cough or sore throat or inflamed/red pharynx in the 7 days preceding hospitalization. We combined SARI surveillance data with healthcare utilization survey data to estimate and characterize the burden of influenza-associated SARI hospitalizations in Suzhou within this age group in the 5-year period.

Results:
Of the 36,313 SARI cases identified, 2,297 from respiratory wards were systematically sampled; of these, 259 (11%) were influenza positive. Estimated annual influenza-associated SARI hospitalization rates per 1,000 children younger than 5 years of age ranged from 4 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2–5) in the 2012–2013 season to 16 (95% CI, 14–19) in the 2011–2012 season. The predominant viruses were A/H3N2 (59%) in 2011–12, both A/H1N1pdm09 (42%) and B (46%) in 2012–13, A/H3N2 (71%) in 2013–14, A/H3N2 (55%) in 2014–15 and both A/H1N1pdm09 (50%) and B (50%) in 2015–16. The age-specific influenza-associated SARI hospitalization rates for the 5-year period were 11 (95% CI, 8–15) per 1,000 children 0–5 months of age; 8 (95% CI, 7–10) per 1,000 children 6–23 months of age and 5 (95% CI, 4–5) per 1,000 children 24–59 months of age, respectively.

Conclusions:
From 2011 to 2016, influenza-associated SARI hospitalization rates in children aged younger than 5 years of age in Suzhou, China, were high, particularly among children 0–5 months of age. Higher hospitalization rates were observed in years where the predominant circulating virus was influenza A/H3N2. Immunization for children > 6 months, and maternal and caregiver immunization for those < 6 months, could reduce influenza-associated hospitalizations in young children in Suzhou.
Tetrodotoxin-sensitive voltage-gated sodium channels regulate bladder afferent responses to distension
Authors: Grundy Luke , Erickson Andelain , Caldwell Ashlee , Garcia-Caraballo Sonia , Rychkov Grigori , Harrington Andrea , Brierley Stuart M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractInterstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a prevalent, chronic bladder disorder that negatively impacts the quality of life for ∼5% of the western population. Hypersensitivity of mechanosensory afferents embedded within the bladder wall is considered a key component in mediating IC/BPS symptoms. Bladder infusion of voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channel blockers show clinical efficacy in treating IC/BPS symptoms; however, the current repertoire of Navchannels expressed by and contributing to bladder afferent function is unknown. We used single-cell reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction of retrogradely traced bladder-innervating dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons to determine the expression profile of Navchannels, and patch-clamp recordings to characterise the contribution of tetrodotoxin-sensitive (TTX-S) and tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-R) Navchannels to total sodium current and neuronal excitability. We determined the TTX-S and TTX-R contribution to mechanosensitive bladder afferent responses ex vivo and spinal dorsal horn activation in vivo. Single-cell reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction of bladder-innervating DRG neurons revealed significant heterogeneity in Navchannel coexpression patterns. However, TTX-S Navchannels contribute the vast majority of the total sodium current density and regulate the neuronal excitability of bladder DRG neurons. Furthermore, TTX-S Navchannels mediate almost all bladder afferent responses to distension. In vivo intrabladder infusion of TTX significantly reduces activation of dorsal horn neurons within the spinal cord to bladder distension. These data provide the first comprehensive analysis of Navchannel expression within sensory afferents innervating the bladder. They also demonstrate an essential role for TTX-S Navchannel regulation of bladder-innervating DRG neuroexcitability, bladder afferent responses to distension, and nociceptive signalling to the spinal cord.
Do patients with interictal migraine modulate pain differently from healthy controls? A psychophysical and brain imaging study
Authors: Kisler Lee B. , Granovsky Yelena , Coghill Robert C. , Sprecher Elliot , Manor David , Yarnitsky David , Weissman-Fogel Irit 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Studies in interictal migraine show either normal or impaired pain modulation, at the psychophysical level. To date, pain modulation in migraineurs has yet to be explored concurrent with imaging methods. We aimed to investigate brain activity associated with endogenous analgesia by functional magnetic resonance imaging in attack-free migraineurs. Thirty-nine episodic migraineurs and 35 controls participated. Endogenous analgesia efficiency was assessed by the conditioned pain modulation (CPM) paradigm during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Conditioned pain modulation included 4 stimulation sequences of either test stimulus (noxious contact heat at forearm) given stand alone (Ts_alone) or concomitant to contralateral foot immersion in cold water (Ts_conditioned). The psychophysical CPM (Ts_conditioned minus Ts_alone; 0-10 numerical rating scale) and related brain activity were examined. No group differences were found in the psychophysical CPM (controls: −0.52 ± 0.80; migraineurs: −0.20 ± 0.88; repeated-measures analysis of variance: P = 0.110) or related brain activity (family wise error [P < 0.05] correction at the voxel level). Within groups, controls showed a significant CPM effect (Ts_alone: 6.15 ± 2.03 vs Ts_conditioned: 5.63 ± 1.97; P < 0.001), whereas migraineurs did not (Ts_alone: 5.60 ± 1.92 vs Ts_conditioned: 5.39 ± 2.30; P = 0.153); yet, both groups showed significant CPM-related decreased deactivation in prefrontal areas including the superior frontal gyrus and parietal regions including precuneus. The change in brain activity seems related to task demands rather than to pain reduction. The lack of group difference between migraineurs and controls in CPM and its related brain activity may result from (1) the specific CPM methodology used in this study, since migraineurs are reported to show various pain modulation efficiency for different test paradigms and/or (2) pathophysiological diversity of patients with migraine.
Structural, functional, and symptom relations in painful distal symmetric polyneuropathies: a systematic review
Authors: Karlsson Pall , Hincker Alexander M. , Jensen Troels Staehelin , Freeman Roy , Haroutounian Simon 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The diagnosis of distal symmetric polyneuropathies (DSPs) relies on the presenting symptomatology and neurological sensory examination, supported by objectively quantified structural and functional changes in sensory nerves. Although these separate components have important diagnostic utility, the associations between the structural vs the symptomatic and functional findings in painful DSP are still unclear. It is assumed that delineation of the correlations, or lack of such, between structure, clinical presentation, and function will contribute to a better understanding and treatment of DSP. This systematic review assessed small fiber morphology in patients with different types of painful DSP, and compared it with symptoms, signs, and nerve fiber function. Overall, 111 papers met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. The results indicate that epidermal nerve fiber loss, in isolation, is not a useful indicator of painful symptoms or their severity in DSP. Intraepidermal nerve fiber density correlated reasonably well with neuropathy scores on tools assessing signs and symptoms (such as the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument and the Total Neuropathy Score), but less so with symptom measures only. Among various psychophysical sensory measures, warmth detection and heat pain thresholds correlated best with intraepidermal nerve fiber density, particularly when assessed at the same anatomical site. The observed sources of heterogeneity, and the lack of associations between structural and functional measures in several studies are discussed. A framework is proposed for uniform assessment of nerve fiber parameters for investigating clinically relevant mechanisms of neuropathic pain in DSP.
Salivary Cortisol Profile Under Different Stressful Situations in Female College Students: Moderating Role of Anxiety and Sleep
Authors: Suh Minhee 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT

Objectives: This study investigated the level of cortisol under different stressful situations and its relationship with sleep and anxiety in female college students. Methods: Salivary cortisol was measured 6 times a day during a routine period free of examination stress and a stressful period. Area under the curve (AUC) was calculated for cortisol level for awakening response (AUCAG) and during the day (AUCTG). Sleep characteristics and anxiety were measured using an actigraph and the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, respectively, during the different periods. Results: Thirty-six people participated in the study. During the stressful period, anxiety had a positive correlation with sleep efficiency (P = .020), wake after sleep onset (P = .023), and mean wake episodes during sleep (P = .048). Poorer sleep efficiency (P = .014), greater wake after sleep onset (P = .008), and mean wake episodes during sleep (P = .044) were significantly associated with less AUCAG. Trait anxiety was significantly higher in participants with greater AUCTG (P = .008). Conclusions: Female college students with increased anxiety under the stressful situation slept better. Those with poor sleep showed attenuated morning cortisol secretion. Those with higher trait anxiety had greater cortisol during the day.
Cannabis and the Health and Performance of the Elite Athlete
Authors: Ware Mark A. , Jensen Dennis , Barrette Amy , Vernec Alan , Derman Wayne 
Published: August 2018

Objective:
Cannabis (marijuana) is undergoing extensive regulatory review in many global jurisdictions for medical and nonmedical access. Cannabis has potential impact on the health of athletes as well as on performance in both training and in competition. The aim of this general review is to identify and highlight the challenges in interpreting information with respect to elite athletic performance, and to point to important research areas that need to be addressed.

Data Sources:
A nonsystematic literature review was conducted using Medline and PubMed for articles related to cannabis/marijuana use and sports/athletic performance; abstracts were reviewed by lead author and key themes identified and explored.

Main Results:
Cannabis may be primarily inhaled or ingested orally for a range of medical and nonmedical reasons; evidence for efficacy is limited but promising for chronic pain management. Although evidence for serious harms from cannabis use on health of athletes is limited, one should be cognizant of the potential for abuse and mental health issues. Although the prevalence of cannabis use among elite athletes is not well-known, use is associated with certain high-risk sports. There is no evidence for cannabis use as a performance-enhancing drug.

Conclusions:
Medical and nonmedical cannabis use among athletes reflects changing societal and cultural norms and experiences. Although cannabis use is more prevalent in some athletes engaged in high-risk sports, there is no direct evidence of performance-enhancing effects in athletes. The potential beneficial effects of cannabis as part of a pain management protocol, including reducing concussion-related symptoms, deserve further attention.
Low Vision Enhancement with Head-mounted Video Display Systems: Are We There Yet?
Authors: Deemer Ashley D. , Bradley Christopher K. , Ross Nicole C. , Natale Danielle M. , Itthipanichpong Rath , Werblin Frank S. , Massof Robert W. 
Published: August 2018

SIGNIFICANCE
Head-mounted video display systems and image processing as a means of enhancing low vision are ideas that have been around for more than 20 years. Recent developments in virtual and augmented reality technology and software have opened up new research opportunities that will lead to benefits for low vision patients. Since the Visionics low vision enhancement system (LVES), the first head-mounted video display LVES, was engineered 20 years ago, various other devices have come and gone with a recent resurgence of the technology over the past few years. In this article, we discuss the history of the development of LVESs, describe the current state of available technology by outlining existing systems, and explore future innovation and research in this area. Although LVESs have now been around for more than two decades, there is still much that remains to be explored. With the growing popularity and availability of virtual reality and augmented reality technologies, we can now integrate these methods within low vision rehabilitation to conduct more research on customized contrast-enhancement strategies, image motion compensation, image-remapping strategies, and binocular disparity, all while incorporating eye-tracking capabilities. Future research should use this available technology and knowledge to learn more about the visual system in the low vision patient and extract this new information to create prescribable vision enhancement solutions for the visually impaired individual.
68Ga-PSMA Uptake in Angiolipoma
Authors: Dekker Irma , van der Leest Marloes , van Rijk Maartje C. , Gerritsen Winald R. , Arens Anne I. J. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

68Ga-PSMA PET/CT is an imaging technique used in staging and detection of prostate cancer. However, enhanced uptake on 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT scan has also been ascribed to other malignant and benign lesions. We report on a case of a 56-year-old man with treated prostate carcinoma who had a 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT scan for restaging. 68Ga-PSMA uptakes in the prostatic bed and in multiple subcutaneous lesions were seen. Histopathology of a subcutaneous lesion revealed angiolipoma. It is important to be aware of the existence of the growing amount of reports on enhanced 68Ga-PSMA uptake unrelated to prostate cancer.
99mTc-Pertechnetate-SPECT/US Hybrid Imaging Enhances Diagnostic Certainty Compared With Conventional Thyroid Imaging With Scintigraphy and Ultrasound
Authors: Freesmeyer Martin , Winkens Thomas , Kuehnel Christian , Opfermann Thomas , Seifert Philipp 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Evaluation of thyroid ultrasound and 99mTc-pertechnetate scintigraphy side by side frequently produces ambiguous results regarding the correct assignment of anatomy and functionality of a nodule. We describe the usefulness of 99mTc-pertechnetate-SPECT/US-fusion imaging. A 75-year-old woman was referred for exclusion of cold nodules. After conventional diagnostics (in vitro thyroid parameters, B mode–US, planar 99mTc-pertechnetate-thyroid scintigraphy), a SPECT was performed using a conventional gamma camera. The SPECT data set was transferred to an ultrasound device (LOGIQ E9), and sensor-navigated 3D ultrasound was performed. Both data sets (SPECT/US) were fused in real time, revealing the exact functional state of multiple nodules.
Value of 18F-FET PET in Patients With Suspected Tumefactive Demyelinating Disease—Preliminary Experience From a Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Barbagallo Massimo , Albatly Abdulrahman A. , Schreiner Simon , Hayward-Könnecke Helen K. , Buck Alfred , Kollias Spyros S. , Huellner Martin W. 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
To investigate the diagnostic value of 18F-fluoroethyl-L-tyrosine (FET) positron emission tomography (PET) in patients with suspected tumefactive demyelinating disease.

Methods
We retrospectively examined FET-PET and MR imaging of 21 patients (12 female, 9 male) with known demyelinating disease and newly diagnosed tumefactive lesions. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), time activity curves (TAC) and lesion-to-background ratio (TBR) of these lesions were calculated. The standard of reference consisted of biopsy and/or follow-up imaging. FET parameters of true neoplastic lesions and tumefactive demyelinating lesions were compared using Mann-Whitney U-test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

Results
Nine patients (42.9%) had neoplastic lesions, 12 patients (57.1%) had tumefactive demyelinating lesions. TBRmax, SUVmax and TAC were significantly different between demyelinating lesions and neoplastic lesions: Tumors had a higher TBRmax (3.53 ± 1.09 vs. 1.48 ± 0.31, respectively; P < 0.001) and SUVmax (3.95 ± 1.59 vs. 1.86 ± 0.50, respectively; P < 0.001) than tumefactive demyelinating lesions. The TAC of tumors was significantly higher compared to tumefactive demyelinating lesions at all time points (P < 0.05). ROC analysis revealed that a TBRmax threshold of 2.2 and a SUVmax threshold of 2.5 could reliably differentiate tumor and tumefactive demyelination (area under the curve, 1.000 and 0.958, respectively).

Conclusion
In patients with demyelinating disease, FET-PET parameters TBRmax (cut-off 2.2) and SUVmax (cut-off 2.5) are able to distinguish tumefactive demyelinations from true neoplastic lesions.
Diagnostic 123I Whole Body Scan Prior to Ablation of Thyroid Remnant in Patients With Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Song Hong , Mosci Camila , Akatsu Haruko , Basina Marina , Dosiou Chrysoula , Iagaru Andrei 
Published: August 2018

Objectives
The use of 123I whole body scintigraphy (WBS) before 131I radioiodine ablation (RIA) of the post-surgical thyroid remnant in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) remains debated. The American Thyroid Association’s guidelines state that WBS may be useful before RIA (rating C—expert opinion). Some institutions do not use 123I WBS before RIA in their routine clinical protocol. We were therefore prompted to evaluate the impact of 123I WBS prior to ablation of thyroid remnant in patients with PTC.

Methods
We reviewed data from 152 consecutive patients with PTC who had total thyroidectomy and were referred for RIA between August 2007 and February 2009 at our institution. The group included 107 women and 45 men, 13–82 years old (mean ± SD: 45.5 ± 18.3). Three endocrinologists blinded to the results of the 123I WBS reviewed patients’ data including sex, age, pathology, thyroglobulin (Tg) level, anti-Tg antibodies, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level and ultrasound results. Each endocrinologist then returned a form with the recommended 131I dose for each participant, according to the following rules: 50–75 mCi (remnant ablation), 75–125 mCi (lymph nodes metastases), 150 mCi (lung metastases), and 200 mCi (bone metastases). We compared their recommended doses with the actual 131I doses prescribed after the pre-therapy 123I WBS.

Results
All three endocrinologists recommended the same dose in 98.7% of the cases. The dose prescribed by the endocrinologists matched the dose administered after analyzing the 123I WBS in 77 patients (51%). However, for 46 patients (30%) the endocrinologists would have given a lower dose, for 18 patients (12%) a higher dose than that administered based on the results of the 123I WBS, while 11 patients (7%) would have been treated unnecessarily (5/11 had no 123I uptake and 6/11 had 123I uptake in the breasts).

Conclusions
Our study suggests a significant role of the pre-therapy 123I WBS in PTC patients referred for 131I ablation post-thyroidectomy. The actual 131I dose that was administered based on the 123I WBS differed from the dose recommended in the absence of the 123I WBS in 49% of the cases.
Increased 18F-FDG Uptake in Lhermitte-Duclos Disease With Cowden Syndrome Revealed by PET-MRI
Authors: Piekarski Eve , Pyatigorskaya Nadya , Dormont Didier , Galanaud Damien , Kas Aurélie 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
A 62-year-old woman, with the history of breast and colorectal cancer, presented intermittent diplopia. A cerebellar lesion was revealed by 18F-FDG PET-MRI without post-gadolinium enhancement, but with increased perfusion and strong 18F-FDG uptake. The diagnosis of Cowden syndrome with PTEN gene mutation, linked to higher risk of neoplasia and occurrence of hamartomatous lesions characteristic of the Lhermitte-Duclos disease (LDD), was confirmed by genetic investigation.
The Pattern of Striatal Dopamine Depletion as a Prognostic Marker in De Novo Parkinson Disease
Authors: Chung Seok Jong , Yoo Han Soo , Lee Hye Sun , Oh Jungsu S. , Kim Jae Seung , Sohn Young H. , Lee Phil Hyu 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
To investigate whether the patterns of striatal dopamine depletion could provide prognostic information on the clinical profiles of early-stage Parkinson disease (PD).

Methods
Approximately 634 patients with drug-naive PD who underwent 18F-FP-CIT PET scans were followed up for at least 2 years. After quantifying dopamine transporter (DAT) availability in each striatal subregion, the patterns of striatal dopamine depletion of each patient were assessed based on (1) the degree of dopamine loss in the other striatal subregions compared to the posterior putamen (inter-subregional ratio [ISR]) and (2) the interhemispheric asymmetry of dopamine loss in the posterior putamen (asymmetry index [AI]). According to their patterns, we assessed the longitudinal changes in l-dopa-equivalent doses and l-dopa-induced dyskinesia (LID)-free times using the linear mixed model and Cox regression model, respectively.

Results
There was no significant correlation between the ISR and AI values (Pearson correlation coefficient, 0.150). The linear mixed model showed that higher AI values were associated with slower longitudinal increases in l-dopa-equivalent dose across time (P = 0.003), whereas ISR values were not (P = 0.154). The Cox regression model demonstrated that higher ISR values were associated with early development of LID (hazard ratio, 1.693; P = 0.010), whereas AI values were not (P = 0.269).

Conclusions
The present study demonstrated that the pattern of anterior-to-posterior gradient and right-to-left asymmetry of striatal DAT availability predicted the development of LID and increasing doses of dopaminergic medications.