bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loss of CXCR4 on non-classical monocytes in participants of the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) with subclinical atherosclerosis
Authors: Mueller Karin A L , Hanna David B , Ehinger Erik , Xue Xiaonan , Baas Livia , Gawaz Meinrad P , Geisler Tobias , Anastos Kathryn , Cohen Mardge H , Gange Stephen J , Heath Sonya L , Lazar Jason M , Liu Chenglong , Mack Wendy J , Ofotokun Igho , Tien Phyllis C , Hodis Howard N , Landay Alan L , Kaplan Robert C , Ley Klaus 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimsTo test whether human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and subclinical cardiovascular disease (sCVD) are associated with expression of CXCR4 and other surface markers on classical, intermediate, and non-classical monocytes in women.Methods and resultssCVD was defined as presence of atherosclerotic lesions in the carotid artery in 92 participants of the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Participants were stratified into four sets (n = 23 each) by HIV and sCVD status (HIV−/sCVD−, HIV−/sCVD+, HIV+/sCVD−, and HIV+/sCVD+) matched by age, race/ethnicity, and smoking status. Three subsets of monocytes were determined from archived peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Flow cytometry was used to count and phenotype surface markers. We tested for differences by HIV and sCVD status accounting for multiple comparisons. We found no differences in monocyte subset size among the four groups. Expression of seven surface markers differed significantly across the three monocyte subsets. CXCR4 expression [median fluorescence intensity (MFI)] in non-classical monocytes was highest among HIV−/CVD− [628, interquartile range (IQR) (295–1389)], followed by HIV+/CVD− [486, IQR (248–699)], HIV−/CVD+ (398, IQR (89–901)), and lowest in HIV+/CVD+ women [226, IQR (73–519)), P = 0.006 in ANOVA. After accounting for multiple comparison (Tukey) the difference between HIV−/CVD− vs. HIV+/CVD+ remained significant with P = 0.005 (HIV−/CVD− vs. HIV+/CVD− P = 0.04, HIV−/CVD− vs. HIV−/CVD+ P = 0.06, HIV+/CVD+ vs. HIV+/CVD− P = 0.88, HIV+/CVD+ vs. HIV−/CVD+ P = 0.81, HIV+/CVD− vs. HIV−/CVD+, P = 0.99). All pairwise comparisons with HIV−/CVD− were individually significant (P = 0.050 vs. HIV−/CVD+, P = 0.028 vs. HIV+/CVD−, P = 0.009 vs. HIV+/CVD+). CXCR4 expression on non-classical monocytes was significantly higher in CVD− (501.5, IQR (249.5–887.3)) vs. CVD+ (297, IQR (81.75–626.8) individuals (P = 0.028, n = 46 per group). CXCR4 expression on non-classical monocytes significantly correlated with cardiovascular and HIV−related risk factors including systolic blood pressure, platelet and T cell counts along with duration of antiretroviral therapy (P < 0.05). In regression analyses, adjusted for education level, study site, and injection drug use, presence of HIV infection and sCVD remained significantly associated with lower CXCR4 expression on non-classical monocytes (P = 0.003), but did not differ in classical or intermediate monocytes.ConclusionCXCR4 expression in non-classical monocytes was significantly lower among women with both HIV infection and sCVD, suggesting a potential atheroprotective role of CXCR4 in non-classical monocytes.
Depression Among Older Adults in the United States by Disaggregated Race and Ethnicity
Authors: Hooker Karen , Phibbs Sandi , Irvin Veronica L , Mendez-Luck Carolyn A , Doan Lan N , Li Tao , Turner Shelbie , Choun Soyoung 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background and Objectives
As the population becomes increasingly diverse, it is important to understand the prevalence of depression across a racially and ethnically diverse older population. The purpose of this study was to compare rates of depression by age and disaggregated racial and ethnic groups to inform practitioners and target resource allocation to high risk groups.

Research Design and Methods
Data were from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Health Outcomes Survey, Cohorts 15 and 16, a national and annual survey of a racially diverse group of adults aged 65 and older who participate in Medicare Advantage plans (N = 175,956). Depression was operationalized by the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2); we estimated a logistic regression model and adjusted standard errors to account for 403 Medicare Advantage Organizations.

Results
Overall, 10.2% of the sample (n = 17,957) reported a PHQ-2 score of 3 or higher, indicative of a positive screen for depression. After adjusting for covariates, odds of screening positively for depression were higher among participants self-reporting as Mexican (odds ratio [OR] = 1.19), Puerto Rican (OR = 1.46), Cuban (OR = 1.57), another Hispanic/Latino (OR = 1.29), and multiple Hispanic/Latino (OR = 1.84) ethnicities, compared with non-Hispanic whites. Odds were also higher among participants reporting that their race was black/African American (OR = 1.20), Asian Indian (OR = 1.67), Filipino (OR = 1.30), Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (OR = 1.82), or two or more races (OR = 1.50), compared with non-Hispanic whites.

Discussion and Implications
Prevalence varied greatly across segments of the population, suggesting that certain racial/ethnic groups are at higher risk than others. These disparities should inform distribution of health care resources; efforts to educate and ameliorate depression should be culturally targeted.
Beyond novelty effect: a mixed-methods exploration into the motivation for long-term activity tracker use
Authors: Shin Grace , Feng Yuanyuan , Jarrahi Mohammad Hossein , Gafinowitz Nicci 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectivesActivity trackers hold the promise to support people in managing their health through quantified measurements about their daily physical activities. Monitoring personal health with quantified activity tracker-generated data provides patients with an opportunity to self-manage their health. Many have been conducted within short-time frames; makes it difficult to discover the impact of the activity tracker’s novelty effect or the reasons for the device’s long-term use. This study explores the impact of novelty effect on activity tracker adoption and the motivation for sustained use beyond the novelty period.Materials and methodsThis study uses a mixed-methods approach that combines both quantitative activity tracker log analysis and qualitative one-on-one interviews to develop a deeper behavioral understanding of 23 Fitbit device users who used their trackers for at least 2 months (range of use = 69–1073 days).ResultsLog data from users’ Fitbit devices revealed 2 stages: the novelty period and the long-term use period. The novelty period for Fitbit users in this study was approximately 3 months, during which they might have discontinued using their devices.DiscussionThe qualitative interview data identified various factors that users to continuously use the Fitbit devices in different stages. The discussion of these results provides design implications to guide future development of activity tracking technology.ConclusionThis study reveals important dynamics emerging over long-term activity tracker use, contributes new knowledge to consumer health informatics and human-computer interaction, and offers design implications to guide future development of similar health-monitoring technologies that better account for long-term use in support of patient care and health self-management.
A Procedure to Standardize Puff Topography During Evaluations of Acute Tobacco or Electronic Cigarette Exposure
Authors: Perkins Kenneth A , Karelitz Joshua L 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Documenting factors that influence differential sensitivity to acutely inhaled nicotine products requires carefully controlling the amount of exposure (dose), and thus a procedure by which to control such exposure.

Methods
We evaluated consistency of puff volume from intermittent acute exposures to smoked tobacco cigarettes (study 1, n = 45, plus a comparison study of uninstructed use with n = 59) and to vaped electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes; study 2, n = 27 naive to e-cigarettes) in adult-dependent smokers. All in primary studies 1 and 2 participated in research administering different nicotine levels in each product under blind conditions, one per session using within-subject designs. In both studies, participants followed an automated instructional procedure on a computer monitor standardizing the timing and amount of exposure to each product during a given trial, with four trials per session, each separated by 20 minutes. Puff volume per trial via Clinical Research Support System (CReSS) was the primary dependent measure to determine consistency across trials via intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).

Results
Control over topography with both inhaled products was demonstrated by highly significant ICCs for puff volume across trials. Instructed control with own brand was generally better in study 1 than with uninstructed smoking in the comparison sample, as expected. As intended, reliability of puff volume generally did not differ by menthol preference or sex in either study, but ICCs in study 2 tended to be lower for some men using the placebo e-cigarette.

Conclusions
This instructional procedure may substantially improve control over amounts of acute exposure to tobacco or e-cigarette use.

Implications
Control over topography in studies of acute exposure to these inhaled products can potentially aid validity of research into differential sensitivity to use, so findings can be attributed to factors of interest and not to variable exposure. Our procedure minimized variability in exposure to the same product and between moderate nicotine products, but remaining differences suggest that compensation for very low or no nicotine commercial products may be difficult to totally eliminate with these instructions alone. Further study is needed to determine this procedure’s utility with other inhaled products among experienced users and when comparing different products in between-groups analyses.
Transfer-Based Decentralization and Poverty Alleviation: Evidence from a Quasi-Experiment in China
Authors: Su Fubing , Li Ming , Tao Ran 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
China launched a massive poverty alleviation program in the 1990s that focused on nationally designated poverty counties. By injecting earmarked transfers with clear spending mandates, the central government hoped for major investments in productive capacities in the poverty counties so they could develop sustainably. Comparing fiscal data of county governments through a regression discontinuity approach, we show that the opposite was true. Poverty county officials failed to make extra investments in production-oriented areas while diversion of central transfers for administrative consumption was rampant. This article develops a better empirical strategy to challenge some earlier findings. Theoretically, this article offers a different case of elite capture under a non-democratic regime. Our focus on poverty regions also reveals the importance of maintaining bureaucratic support in local politics. It complements the popular notion that Chinese local officials are mostly geared toward growth.
Deltex1 suppresses T cell function and is a biomarker for diagnosis and disease activity of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Leu Chuen-Miin , Hsu Tzu-Sheng , Kuo Yu-Ping , Lai Ming-Zong , Liu Po-Chun , Chen Ming-Huang , Chang Deh-Ming , Tsai Chang-Youh , Chen Ming-Han 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Objective
Deletion of Deltex1 (DTX1) in mice caused hyperactivation of T cells and lupus-like autoimmune syndromes, however, the association of DTX1 with human autoimmune diseases is totally unknown. This study investigated the role of DTX1 in human T cell functions and its correlation with disease activity in patients with SLE.

Methods
The influence of DTX1 on T cell function was evaluated using human primary cells. DTX1 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy controls and SLE patients was measured by quantitative real-time PCR and the SLEDAI was used to assess disease activity.

Results
After stimulation with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28, silencing of DTX1 expression enhanced IFN-γ secretion by human T cells. The expression of DTX1 in PBMCs was significantly lower in 100 SLE patients than in 50 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (DTX1/glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, 0.452 vs 1.269, P < 0.001). The area under the receiver operator characteristics curve of the model was 0.737 (95% CI 0.658, 0.815). Intriguingly, a low DTX1 level in T cells led to high IFN-γ production in SLE patients and had a correlation with severe disease activity. In addition, low DTX1 expression in SLE patients was associated with active LN, lung involvement or hypocomplementaemia.

Conclusion
Knockdown DTX1 expression in human T cells reduced IFN-γ secretion. DTX1 expression in the PBMCs was significantly lower in SLE patients and had an inverse correlation with disease activity, indicating that the DTX1 level may be a good disease marker of SLE.
Alcohol Consumption and Binge Drinking Among Young Adults Aged 20–30 Years in Lisbon, Portugal
Authors: Moutinho Lídia Susana Mendes , de Oliveira Cruz Mendes Aida Maria , Lopes Manuel 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background:
Over the past decade, the changes to the pattern of alcohol consumption in Portugal, in particular among young people with heavy episodic drinking (binge drinking), are well documented. However, there are limited studies in individuals aged between 20 and 30 years, which is an important period of transition into adulthood where binge drinking can negatively influence the resolution of developmental tasks. Therefore, this study aims at analyzing the pattern of alcohol consumption and binge drinking among young adults aged between 20 and 30 years living in the municipality of Lisbon.

Methodology:
This is a quantitative, descriptive correlational study using a convenience sample composed of 259 individuals. We used the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test for data collection.

Results:
Among the sampled subjects, 19.3% of them reported being nondrinkers. Among the alcohol-drinking subjects (N = 209), 61.3% reported binge drinking behaviors. We found a higher percentage of binge drinkers among vocational training students than among university students, as well as a relatively higher percentage of women. In both cases, we found no statistically significant differences. Within the total sample, 10.8% reported hazardous or harmful consumption, with men showing greater hazardous consumption.

Conclusions:
Although approximately one fifth of the sampled subjects reported being nondrinkers, the percentage of binge drinkers in this study was significantly higher than that reported in other studies. We also found that binge drinking is more common among vocational training students, although this difference was not statistically significant. Further studies are needed on this age group and in nonacademic settings.
Electrophysiological Assessment of the Impact of Mobile Phone Radiation on Cognition in Persons With Epilepsy
Authors: Elsawy Noha , Elkholy Saly , Azmy Radwa , Maher Eman A. , Shamloul Reham 
Published: December 2018

Purpose:
Serious concerns about the effect of mobile phone radiation on cognition are growing. This study aimed to assess the possible effect of mobile phone radiation in persons with epilepsy and in normal subjects.

Methods:
The amplitude and reaction time of auditory event–related potentials (P300) and occipital alpha frequency were compared before and after exposure with a 30-minute call in 30 persons with epilepsy and in 30 control subjects. Alpha power was monitored before, during, and after exposure to mobile phone radiation. Moreover, correlations with clinical aspects were analyzed.

Results:
Increased reaction time and decreased P300 amplitude were more evident in persons with epilepsy. A significant decrease in alpha power was noted in control subjects and persons with epilepsy and was associated with an increased bilateral alpha frequency. In persons with epilepsy, such changes significantly correlated with the time since the last seizure and with the therapy regimen.

Conclusions:
Thirty-minute exposure to mobile phone radiation has a significant effect on the electrophysiological correlates of cognition, especially in persons with epilepsy.
ESCRT-III accumulates in micronuclei with ruptured nuclear envelopes
Authors: Willan Jessica , Cleasby Alexa , Flores-Rodriguez Neftali , Stefani Flavia , Rinaldo Cinzia , Pisciottani Alessandra , Grant Emma , Woodman Philip , Bryant Helen , Ciani Barbara 
Published: December 2018

1.AbstractMicronuclei represent the cellular attempt to compartmentalize DNA to maintain genomic integrity threatened by mitotic errors and genotoxic events. Micronuclei show aberrant nuclear envelopes that collapse, generating damaged DNA and promoting complex genome alterations. However, ruptured micronuclei also provide a pool of cytosolic DNA that stimulates anti-tumour immunity, revealing the complexity of micronuclei impact on tumour progression.The ESCRT-III complex ensures nuclear envelope (NE) resealing during late mitosis and NE repair in interphase. Therefore, ESCRT-III activity maybe crucial for maintaining the integrity of other genomic structures enclosed by a nuclear envelope. ESCRT-III activity at the nuclear envelope is coordinated by the subunit CHMP7.We show that CHMP7 and ESCRT-III protects against the genomic instability associated with micronuclei formation. Loss of ESCRT-III activity increases the population of micronuclei with ruptured nuclear envelopes, in interphase cells. Surprisingly, ESCRT-III is retained at acentric micronuclei suggesting that ESCRT-III cannot repair these structures. Depletion of CHMP7 expression removes ESCRT-III accumulations at ruptured micronuclei, and removes the population of micronuclei with damaged DNA also containing a sensor for cytosolic DNA.Thus, ESCRT-III activity appears to protect from the consequence of genomic instability in a dichotomous fashion. Membrane repair activity prevents the occurrence of MN with weak envelopes; conversely, aberrant membrane remodelling at micronuclei generates a steady state pool of cytosolic DNA that may contribute to sustaining pro-inflammatory pathways in cancer cells.
Regulation of Cilia Abundance in Multiciliated Cells
Authors: Nanjundappa Rashmi , Kong Dong , Shim Kyuhwan , Stearns Tim , Brody Steven L. , Loncarek Jadranka , Mahjoub Moe R. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMulticiliated cells (MCC) are specialized epithelia that contain hundreds of motile cilia used to propel fluid over the surface of the cell. To template these cilia, each MCC produces hundreds of centrioles by a process termed centriole amplification. Airway progenitor cells initially contain two parental centrioles that nucleate multiple centrioles at once, and structures called deuterosomes that assemble the vast majority of centrioles during amplification. Remarkably, how each cell regulates the precise number of its centrioles and cilia remains unknown. Here, we investigate mechanisms that establish centriole number in MCC using anex vivoairway culture model. We show that ablation of parental centrioles, via inhibition of Plk4 kinase, does not perturb deuterosome formation and centriole amplification, nor alter the total complement of centrioles per cell. Airway MCC vary in size and surface area, and exhibit a broad range in centriole number. Quantification of centriole abundancein vitroandin vivoidentified a direct relationship between cell-surface area and centriole number. By manipulating cell size and shape, we discovered that centriole number scales with increasing surface area. Collectively, our results demonstrate that parental centrioles and Plk4 are dispensable for deuterosome formation, centriole amplification, and establishment of centriole number. Instead, a cell-intrinsic surface area-dependent mechanism controls centriole and cilia abundance in multiciliated cells.
Confidence as a priority signal
Authors: Aguilar-Lleyda David , Lemarchand Maxime , Gardelle Vincent de 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWhen dealing with multiple tasks, we often find ourselves in the problem of establishing the order in which to tackle them. Here we asked whether confidence, the subjective feeling in the accuracy of our decisions, plays an active role in this ordering problem. In a series of experiments, we show that confidence acts as a priority signal when ordering responses about tasks already completed, or ordering tasks that are to be made. In experiments 1-3, participants were engaged in a dual task and categorized perceptual stimuli along two dimensions. We found that they tended to give first the decision in which they were more confident. We also prove that confidence drives prioritization above and beyond task difficulty or response accuracy, and we discard alternative interpretations in terms of response availability or task demands. In experiments 4-6, we show that when participants have to select which of two sets of trials they want to perform first, they engage first in the set associated with higher confidence, and we extend this finding to situations involving non-perceptual (mental calculation) decisions. Our results thus support the role of confidence as a priority signal, thereby demonstrating a new way in which it regulates human behavior.HighlightsWe show that when having to decide the order in which to approach two tasks, humans prefer to start with the one they feel more confident in.This holds both when deciding in which order to report two already completed tasks, and when deciding the order in which to tackle two tasks yet to complete. Our results are replicated in perceptual and non-perceptual situations.The role of confidence on prioritization cannot be reduced to that of task difficulty or response accuracy.Our findings demonstrate a new way in which confidence regulates human behavior.
A gene expression atlas of embryonic neurogenesis inDrosophilareveals complex spatiotemporal regulation of lncRNAs
Authors: McCorkindale Alexandra L. , Wahle Philipp , Werner Sascha , Jungreis Irwin , Menzel Peter , Shukla Chinmay J. , Pereira Abreu Rúben Lopes , Irizarry Rafael , Meyer Irmtraud M. , Kellis Manolis , Zinzen Robert P. 
Published: December 2018

Summary statementWe present a spatiotemporal transcriptome during earlyDrosophilaembryonic nervous system development, revealing a complex cell type-specific network of mRNAs and lncRNAs.AbstractCell type specification during early nervous system development inDrosophila melanogasterrequires precise regulation of gene expression in time and space. Resolving the programs driving neurogenesis has been a major challenge owing to the complexity and rapidity with which distinct cell populations arise. To resolve the cell type-specific gene expression dynamics in early nervous system development, we have sequenced the transcriptomes of purified neurogenic cell types across consecutive time points covering critical events in neurogenesis. The resulting gene expression atlas comprises a detailed resource of global transcriptome dynamics that permits systematic analysis of how cells in the nervous system acquire distinct fates. We resolve known gene expression dynamics and uncover novel expression signatures for hundreds of genes among diverse neurogenic cell types, most of which remain unstudied. We also identified a set of conserved and tissue-specifically regulated long-noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that exhibit spatiotemporal expression during neurogenesis with exquisite specificity. LncRNA expression is highly dynamic and demarcates specific subpopulations within neurogenic cell types. Our spatiotemporal transcriptome atlas provides a comprehensive resource to investigate the function of coding genes and noncoding RNAs during critical stages of early neurogenesis.