bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hedonic or utilitarian
Authors: Zhu Yimin , Lin Peipei 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore how the product type (hedonic product and utilitarian product) and reward type (hedonic gift and utilitarian gift) influence customer referral likelihood in referral reward program.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors test the effect of the product type and reward type on referral likelihood through two studies. Study 1 produces a 2 (product type: hedonic product and utilitarian product) × 2 (reward type: hedonic gift and utilitarian gift) factorial design to test H1, H2 and H3, that is, the effect of the product type and reward type on referral likelihood and their interaction effect. On the basis of study 1, study 2 will select different subjects, different products and different incentive allocation schemes to test H1, H2 and H3 again.

Findings
The results are as follow: first, the product type has significant influences on referral likelihood. Compared with a utilitarian product, customers are more likely to make referrals when consuming a hedonic product. Second, the product type and reward type have significant interactions to referral likelihood. When rewarded a hedonic gift, customers who consumed the hedonic product have great willing to make referrals; however, when rewarded the utilitarian gift, customer who consumed the utilitarian product have great willing to make referrals.

Originality/value
The authors’ findings contribute to the literature of consumers’ recommendation in the following aspects. First, from the perspective of enterprises which launch referral reward program, the present research demonstrates the product type (hedonic product and utilitarian product) and reward type (hedonic gift and utilitarian gift) influence customer referral likelihood. Previous studies discuss attributes of product that influence consumers’ referral likelihood, such as product sensitivity (Kornish and Li, 2010), product involvement (Zhu et al., 2011), brand strength (Ryu and Feick, 2007) and price (Xiao et al., 2011). However, few studies focus on the hedonic and utilitarian attributes of products and explore their impact on the willingness to recommend. This paper makes a useful supplement to the research gap. Most previous studies simply divide the type of reward into tangible and intangible (Shi and Wojnicki, 2007), cash and coupon (Wang, 2010) or cash and gift (Huang et al., 2013). This paper enriches the research on reward types and refines the types of gifts in a referral reward program. The present research divides the type of reward into hedonic gifts and utilitarian gifts, and applies benefit congruency frameworks (Chandon et al., 2000), attitude theory (Eagly and Chaiken, 1993) and over-justification effect (Deci and Ryan, 1985).
A low-cost and autonomous tracking device for Alzheimer’s patients
Authors: Hegde Niharika , Muralidhara Shishir , Ashoka D.V. 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
Alzheimer’s is the most commonly occurring neurodegenerative disease and progressive cognitive impairment is its major symptom due to which the patients tend to wander and get lost in unfamiliar places. This is a constant cause of worry for caretakers and a source of distress to the patients themselves. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper presents a low-cost, autonomous, embedded systems-based wearable device for real-time location tracking using GPS and the concept of geo-fencing. The system provides real-time updates in the form of a text message sent to the mobile number of a family member or caregiver.

Findings
An alert is sent whenever the patient moves out of a certain “safe zone” area and sends subsequent updates after every 5 min of such an event. The system supports caregivers of patients with early and moderate Alzheimer’s disease.

Social implications
Alzheimer’s patients are prone to disorientation, confusion and tend to wander off. Since the device eliminates the need for the patients to operate it and is instead at the discretion of the system itself, the chances of it failing to help are minimized. Hence, with this project, the authors address the need for an autonomous device that can assist caretakers in tracking Alzheimer’s patients.

Originality/value
The various existing technologies that are in use now for tracking are often high in price, not tailored to Alzheimer’s and are non-autonomous. To overcome this, the authors utilized easily accessible technology into developing this system, which not only be affordable, but also addresses the major flaw in existing systems – which is that they rely on being operated by the patients themselves.
How to get more with less? Scarce resources and high social ambition: effectuation as KM tool in social entrepreneurial projects
Authors: Malsch Florence , Guieu Gilles 
Published: August 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to integrate research on KM with the effectuation approach. This paper will add to the understanding of effectuation as a KM tool in the context of social entrepreneurial networks. Although researchers agree that the lack of resources is a structural point for the context of social entrepreneurship and that knowledge is crucial in social entrepreneurship, only few studies deal with trying to understand how resources and knowledge are obtained, transformed and managed. An effectual approach seems to be particularly appropriate to work on this subject.Design/methodology/approachA literature review leads to a theoretical model that is tested in a single-case study of a French entrepreneurial project.FindingsThe empirical study not only shows the legitimacy of using an effectual approach but also puts forward three concepts that enable a better understanding of the access to resources and knowledge and their use in the context of social entrepreneurship. This study contributes to the knowledge management literature in identifying the process of gathering and sharing external resources and knowledge through an effectual process led by the entrepreneur and by the network.Research limitations/implicationsThe results complement the extant KM literature on the following points: identify the cumulative and absorptive process of knowledge from the network, contributing to the question of KM for growth and corporate entrepreneurship; answer to the claim from Durst and Runar Edvardsson (2012) to develop a greater understanding of knowledge identification, storage and utilization in small businesses; add to the topics of knowledge sharing, knowledge transfer and knowledge creation; and show that stages of creating, identifying, sharing and absorbing knowledge from/with the network are embedded in an effectual approach.Practical implicationsThe lack of resources should not lead the entrepreneur to a dead end, but rather invite him/her to better raise following questions: Who can help me to get the missing resource? How could I develop the project without these resources and knowledge? The entrepreneur is invited to search more flexibility in the making of the project, and to seek more support from the network. A second important implication is a guideline that can be followed by business incubators to give better advice and guidance to social entrepreneurs.Originality/valueThe paper links effectuation, KM and social entrepreneurship literatures. The identification of the role of the network in knowledge creation, identification and sharing is valuable for both researchers and practitioners.
Remarkable Lives: John McManus in conversation with Jerome Carson
Authors: McManus John , Carson Jerome 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide a profile of John McManus.

Design/methodology/approach
John provides a short life history and is then interviewed by Jerome.

Findings
John tells us about the insidious development of his illness and how for many years it was masked by substance abuse.

Research limitations/implications
As Patricia Deegan has stated, “Each person’s journey of recovery is unique” (Deegan, 1996). That is why we can learn so much from case studies like John’s.

Practical implications
John’s account shows the value of Early Intervention Teams. The service he received from his local team was “second to none”.

Social implications
John talks about the value of volunteering and how it helped him believe that he could once more play a constructive role in life.

Originality/value
There is no doubt that John benefitted from support from professionals, experts by experience and his family. Equally he was also open to all these sources of support.
Experimental reduction of plant abundance changes interaction frequency of a tri‐trophic micro‐food web: contrasting responses of generalists and specialists
Authors: Xi Xinqiang , Zhang Beibei , Wang Ying , Vázquez Diego P. , Dong Yuran , Sun Shucun 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Species abundance is vulnerable to climate change and anthropogenic impact. Although numerous studies have examined the food web response to species loss, their response (e.g. in network topology and interaction frequency) to changes in species abundance has received little attention.

We experimentally reduced the abundance (by c. 60%) of one host plant species (Saussurea nigrescens) in a tri‐trophic micro‐food web consisting of two common Asteraceae species (S. nigrescens and Anaphalis flavescens), their pre‐dispersal seed predators (tephritid flies) and the parasitoid wasps that feed on these seed predators.

The neutral process hypothesis posits that network topology and interaction frequency are determined by the relative abundances of the participating species. Accordingly, we hypothesized that interaction frequency (indicated by the rate of flies infesting plants and of parasitoid wasps parasitizing flies) would decrease with decreasing abundance of host plant abundance.

Consistent with the neutral process hypothesis, abundance reduction significantly decreased the rate of generalist flies infesting the manipulated plant host species, but increased the rate on unmanipulated plant species. In contrast, abundance reduction significantly increased the rate of specialist flies infesting the manipulated species, but it had no demonstrable effect on the specialists on the unmanipulated plant host.

Moreover, abundance reduction significantly increased the rate of parasitoid wasps (as a species group) parasitizing flies in the manipulated species, but decreased the rate of the unmanipulated species. These results were not attributable to neutral processes, but can be explained by adaptive foraging theory. In addition, experimental manipulation did not shift the qualitative presence–absence of the linkages in the micro‐food web, and the change in the abundance of both fly and wasp species was smaller than the abundance changes of the manipulated plant species.

Synthesis. Our results indicate that both neutral processes and/or adaptive foraging likely contributed to food web stability in responses to changes in species abundance. Because species abundance is vulnerable to abiotic and biotic environmental changes, we suggest more research should be conducted to understand how food webs respond to climate change and anthropogenic disturbance.
Alpha‐Tocopherol during lactation and after weaning alters the programming effect of prenatal high salt intake on cardiac and renal functions of adult male offspring
Authors: Cabral Edjair V. , Vieira Leucio D. , Sant'Helena Bruna R. M. , Ribeiro Valdilene S. , Farias Juliane S. , Aires Regina S. , Paz Silvania T. , Muzi‐Filho Humberto , Paixão Ana D. , Vieyra Adalberto 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMaternal salt overload programs cardiovascular and renal alterations in the offspring. However, beneficial and harmful effects of high dose vitamin E supplementation have been described in humans and animals. We investigated the hypothesis as to whether cardiac and renal alterations can be programmed by gestational salt overload, and can become further modified during lactation and after weaning. Male Wistar rats were used, being the offspring of mothers that drank either tap water or 0.3 mol/L NaCl for 20 days before and during pregnancy. α‐Tocopherol (0.35 g/kg) was administered to mothers daily during lactation or to their offspring for 3 weeks post‐weaning. Systolic blood pressure (tcSBP) was measured in juvenile rats aged 210 days. The response of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) to intravenous infusion of angiotensin II (Ang II) was also examined. Left ventricle plasma membrane (PMCA) and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPase (SERCA) activities, and certain parameters of renal function, were measured. Maternal saline programmed for increased body mass and kidney mass/body mass ratio, increased tcSBP, increased mean arterial pressure and heart rate with anomalous response to infused Ang II. In the heart, saline increased PMCA and α‐Tocopherol per se increased PMCA/SERCA. In the kidney, the most remarkable result was the silent saline programming of CrCl, which was sensitized for a sharp decrease after α‐Tocopherol. In conclusion, the combination of maternal saline overload and high α‐Tocopherol immediately after birth leads to simultaneous cardiovascular and renal alterations in the young offspring, like those encountered in type V cardiorenal syndrome.
Electrical Pulse Generated Upon Discharging a Firearm and Its Implication for Gunshot Residue Analysis
Authors: Choban Ella , Starn Tim 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAmmunition primers consisting of a mixture of lead styphnate, barium nitrate, and antimony (III) sulfide, upon deflagration, lead to the formation of inorganic gunshot residue (GSR). The cations, from their predeflagration form, undergo reduction reactions during burning to form the classic spheroidal, micron‐sized particles indicative of GSR. However, the rapidly changing pressure and temperature of the reaction zone implies that the reactions cannot go to completion. In this study, we use a conductivity detector to show that GSR produces an electrical pulse which corroborates the incomplete redox chemistry. We find that the shape of some GSR formed in an electric field also suggests its nonneutral character. Tantalizingly, the formation of GSR might be a result of Coulombic repulsion shattering the molten droplets in to smaller spheroids. Lastly, we suggest that deposition or transfer of GSR could be influenced by static electricity, an area which should be further studied.
How to estimate complementarity and selection effects from an incomplete sample of species
Authors: Clark Adam Thomas , Barry Kathryn E. , Roscher Christiane , Buchmann Tina , Loreau Michel , Harpole W. Stanley 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Declines in global biodiversity have inspired a generation of studies that seek to characterize relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. The metrics for complementarity and selection effects derived by Loreau and Hector in 2001 remain some of the most influential and widely used statistics for studying these relationships. These metrics quantify the degree to which the effect of biodiversity on a given ecosystem function depends on only a few species that perform well in monoculture and in mixture (the selection effect) or if the effect of biodiversity on a given ecosystem function is independent of monoculture performance (the complementarity effect). This distinction may be useful in determining the consequences of the loss of rare versus common or dominant species in natural systems. However, because these metrics require observations of all species in a community in monoculture, applications in natural systems have been limited.

Here, we derive a statistical augmentation of the original partition, which can be applied to incomplete random samples of species drawn from a larger pool. This augmentation controls for the bias introduced by using only a subsample of species in monocultures rather than having monocultures of all species.

Using simulated and empirical examples, we demonstrate the robustness of these metrics, and provide source code for calculating them. We find that these augmentations provide a reliable estimate of complementarity and selection effects as long as approximately 50% of the species present in mixture are present in monoculture and these species represent a random subset of the mixture.

We foresee two primary applications for this method: (a) estimating complementarity and selection effects for experimentally assembled communities where monoculture data are lacking for some species, and (b) extrapolating results from biodiversity experiments to diverse natural systems.
Chronic Alcohol Consumption, but not Acute Intoxication, Decreases In Vitro Skeletal Muscle Contractile Function
Authors: Crowell Kristin T. , Laufenberg Lacee J. , Lang Charles H. 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundSkeletal muscle myopathy accompanying chronic alcohol misuse results in part from a decrease in protein synthesis typically observed in type II‐rich muscles that leads to muscle weakness. However, there is a paucity of studies investigating whether the alcohol‐induced weakness is intrinsic to the muscle or results primarily from the loss of muscle mass. The present study determines whether acute alcohol (ethanol) intoxication or chronic alcohol consumption decreases the intrinsic contractile function of muscle.MethodsAdult male mice were randomly assigned to the chronic alcohol group or given a binge dose of alcohol, and contractile characteristics of the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) were determined in vitro.ResultsThe weight and physiological cross‐sectional area (PCSA) of the EDL were decreased in alcohol‐fed mice. Maximum twitch and tetanic tension were also reduced, and there was a downward shift of the absolute force–frequency curve in alcohol‐fed mice. However, no alcohol‐induced changes were noted when these contractile parameters were normalized for the lower PCSA. Alcohol‐fed mice demonstrated greater fatigability, and alcohol‐induced decreases in postfatigue specific twitch and tetanic force were independent of a decreased PCSA. Furthermore, postfatigue recovery of muscle force over time was reduced. While alcohol did not alter the content of high‐energy phosphates or oxidative phosphorylation complexes I‐V, it did reduce myosin heavy chain and troponin‐T content. In contrast, contractile properties were not altered when examined 2 hours after binge alcohol.ConclusionsThese data demonstrate chronic alcohol consumption decreases isometric and tetanic tension development due to a reduction in muscle CSA, whereas the increased fatigability observed was independent of muscle mass. As none of the functional changes were produced by acute alcohol, which produced higher blood alcohol levels than chronic ingestion, our data suggest defects in intrinsic muscle contractility require sustained intake and appear independent of defects in basal energy production.
Effect of two different temperatures on resistance to cyclic fatigue of one Curve, EdgeFile, HyFlex CM and ProTaper next files
Authors: Topçuoğlu Hüseyin Sinan , Topçuoğlu Gamze , Kafdağ Özgür , Balkaya Hacer 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study compared the cyclic fatigue resistance (CFR) of three controlled memory (CM) nickel‐titanium rotary files (One Curve, EdgeFile and HyFlex CM) in comparison with a file (ProTaper Next) made from M‐wire nickel‐titanium alloy at two different temperatures (room and intracanal) in an s‐shaped canal. One hundred and sixty files were tested to determine the CFR of OneCurve, EdgeFile, HyFlex CM and ProTaper Next in an artificial canal at room and at intracanal temperature. The number of cycles to failure was recorded, and data were analysed. At both temperatures, ProTaper Next exhibited the lowest CFR compared with the other files (P < 0.05). At room temperature, there was no difference among the three CM files regarding CFR (P > 0.05). At intracanal temperature, OneCurve and EdgeFile exhibited more CFR than the HyFlex CM (P < 0.05). Testing at intracanal temperature caused a significant decrease in CFR of all tested files compared with testing at room temperature.
How do informal farmland rental markets affect smallholders’ well‐being? Evidence from a matched tenant–landlord survey in Malawi
Authors: Ricker‐Gilbert Jacob , Chamberlin Jordan , Kanyamuka Joseph , Jumbe Charles B.L. , Lunduka Rodney , Kaiyatsa Stevier 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe estimate the efficiency and equity returns to farmland rental markets in Malawi using a matched tenant–landlord survey of smallholder farm households in four districts. Our sample allows us to more fully observe the landlord side of the rental market, which is almost always missing in previous studies. Our results suggest that land rental markets promote efficiency by facilitating a net transfer of land to more productive farmers. We also find that land rental markets promote equity as conventionally defined in the land markets literature, that is, by transferring land from land‐rich households to land‐poor households, and from labor‐poor to labor‐rich households. However, our study identifies some important challenges for land rental markets in this context. First, we find that tenants in our sample are wealthier than their landlord counterpart on average in all dimensions other than landholding. In addition, most landlords report the motive for renting out their land as either the need for immediate cash, or the lack of labor and/or capital to cultivate the plot that was rented out. These findings align with concerns about potential “stress renting” by poor landlords and suggest the value of defining equity along a broader set of dimensions other than simply equalizing the distribution of farmland and labor.
A human rights approach to low data reporting in clinical trials of psychiatric deep brain stimulation
Authors: Cabrera Laura Y. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe reporting of clinical trial data is necessary not only for doctors to determine treatment efficacy, but also to explore new questions without unnecessarily repeating trials, and to protect patients and the public from dangers when data are withheld. This issue is particularly salient in those trials involving invasive neurosurgical interventions, such as deep brain stimulation (DBS), for ‘treatment refractory’ psychiatric disorders. Using the federal database ClinicalTrials.gov, it was discovered that out of the completed or unknown‐status trials related to psychiatric DBS up to November 2018, only two had submitted results to ClinicalTrials.gov. These results suggest that, despite federal requirements to report clinical trial data, reporting on psychiatric DBS trials is problematically minimal. It is argued that a human rights approach to this problem establishes a legal and ethical foundation for the need to report clinical trial results in this area.