bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CD90 determined two subpopulations of glioma-associated mesenchymal stem cells with different roles in tumour progression
Authors: Zhang Qing , Yi Dong-Ye , Xue Bing-Zhou , Wen Wan-Wan , Lu Yin-Ping , Abdelmaksou Ahmed , Sun Min-xuan , Yuan De-tian , Zhao Hong-Yang , Xiong Nan-Xiang , Xiang Wei , Fu Peng 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHuman glioma-associated mesenchymal stem cells (gbMSCs) are the stromal cell components that contribute to the tumourigenesis of malignant gliomas. Recent studies have shown that gbMSCs consist of two distinct subpopulations (CD90+ and CD90− gbMSCs). However, the different roles in glioma progression have not been expounded. In this study, we found that the different roles of gbMSCs in glioma progression were associated with CD90 expression. CD90high gbMSCs significantly drove glioma progression mainly by increasing proliferation, migration and adhesion, where as CD90low gbMSCs contributed to glioma progression chiefly through the transition to pericytes and stimulation of vascular formation via vascular endothelial cells. Furthermore, discrepancies in long non-coding RNAs and mRNAs expression were verified in these two gbMSC subpopulations, and the potential underlying molecular mechanism was discussed. Our data confirm for the first time that CD90high and CD90low gbMSCs play different roles in human glioma progression. These results provide new insights into the possible future use of strategies targeting gbMSC subpopulations in glioma patients.
Genetic patterns in Neotropical Magnolias (Magnoliaceae) using de novo developed microsatellite markers
Authors: Veltjen Emily , Asselman Pieter , Hernández Rodríguez Majela , Palmarola Bejerano Alejandro , Testé Lozano Ernesto , González Torres Luis Roberto , Goetghebeur Paul , Larridon Isabel , Samain Marie-Stéphanie 
Published: October 2018

AbstractConserving tree populations safeguards forests since they represent key elements of the ecosystem. The genetic characteristics underlying the evolutionary success of the tree growth form: high genetic diversity, extensive gene flow and strong species integrity, contribute to their survival in terms of adaptability. However, different biological and landscape contexts challenge these characteristics. This study employs 63 de novo developed microsatellite or SSR (Single Sequence Repeat) markers in different datasets of nine Neotropical Magnolia species. The genetic patterns of these protogynous, insect-pollinated tree species occurring in fragmented, highly-disturbed landscapes were investigated. Datasets containing a total of 340 individuals were tested for their genetic structure and degree of inbreeding. Analyses for genetic structure depicted structuring between species, i.e. strong species integrity. Within the species, all but one population pair were considered moderate to highly differentiated, i.e. no indication of extensive gene flow between populations. No overall correlation was observed between genetic and geographic distance of the pairwise species’ populations. In contrast to the pronounced genetic structure, there was no evidence of inbreeding within the populations, suggesting mechanisms favouring cross pollination and/or selection for more genetically diverse, heterozygous offspring. In conclusion, the data illustrate that the Neotropical Magnolias in the context of a fragmented landscape still have ample gene flow within populations, yet little gene flow between populations.
Isolated Buck‐Boost converters with AC‐TLR and dual‐transformer structure for wide output voltage range applications
Authors: Wu Hongfei , Sun Kai , Liu Tingting , Xing Yan 
Published: October 2018

A novel isolated buck–boost (IBB) converter with a dual‐transformer (DT) and an active‐controlled three‐level rectifier (AC‐TLR) is proposed in this study. A new family of IBB converters is derived with different implementations of the AC‐TLR. The two transformers in the converter supply power to the output alternatively through the phase‐shift control of the active switch in the AC‐TLR. A voltage‐doubler configuration is built and three voltage levels are generated with the DT and AC‐TLR structure. Therefore, the diodes and switches in the rectifier sustain only half of the high‐output voltage and turns ratios of the transformers are reduced. In addition, the zero‐voltage‐switching operation of all the active switches on both the primary and secondary sides is achieved and the reverse‐recovery problem of all the diodes is alleviated in the wide operation range. Furthermore, the output voltage of the converter is regulated in a wide range due to the buck and boost voltage conversion characteristics of the converter. The operational principles, modulation and characteristics of the converter are presented. Finally, a 400 V input and 350–750 V output prototype is built and tested to verify the effectiveness of the proposed converters.
SS 433: Two robust determinations fix the mass ratio
Authors: Bowler M. G. 
Published: October 2018

Context. The unique Galactic microquasar SS 433 is an X-ray binary with a 13.08 day orbital period. Over some forty years, estimates of the mass of the compact object have spanned the range 1–30 solar masses; from neutron star to massive stellar black hole.
Aims. To fix the mass ratio q and hence the mass of the super-Eddington accretor.
Methods. We present a new and robust estimate of q derived from data on the circumbinary disk and compare it with a recent determination from the observed constancy of the binary period.
Results. These two robust analyses agree to a remarkable extent. They reinforce each other; q is ∼0.7 and the mass of the compact object 15 ± 2 M⊙.
Conclusions. The mass is such as to identify the compact object as a massive stellar black hole.
Metabolic pathways associated with right ventricular adaptation to pulmonary hypertension: 3D analysis of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Attard Mark I , Dawes Timothy J W , de Marvao Antonio , Biffi Carlo , Shi Wenzhe , Wharton John , Rhodes Christopher J , Ghataorhe Pavandeep , Gibbs J Simon R , Howard Luke S G E , Rueckert Daniel , Wilkins Martin R , O’Regan Declan P 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimsWe sought to identify metabolic pathways associated with right ventricular (RV) adaptation to pulmonary hypertension (PH). We evaluated candidate metabolites, previously associated with survival in pulmonary arterial hypertension, and used automated image segmentation and parametric mapping to model their relationship to adverse patterns of remodelling and wall stress.Methods and resultsIn 312 PH subjects (47.1% female, mean age 60.8 ± 15.9 years), of which 182 (50.5% female, mean age 58.6 ± 16.8 years) had metabolomics, we modelled the relationship between the RV phenotype, haemodynamic state, and metabolite levels. Atlas-based segmentation and co-registration of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was used to create a quantitative 3D model of RV geometry and function—including maps of regional wall stress. Increasing mean pulmonary artery pressure was associated with hypertrophy of the basal free wall (β = 0.29) and reduced relative wall thickness (β = −0.38), indicative of eccentric remodelling. Wall stress was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio = 1.27, P = 0.04). Six metabolites were significantly associated with elevated wall stress (β = 0.28–0.34) including increased levels of tRNA-specific modified nucleosides and fatty acid acylcarnitines, and decreased levels (β = −0.40) of sulfated androgen.ConclusionUsing computational image phenotyping, we identify metabolic profiles, reporting on energy metabolism and cellular stress-response, which are associated with adaptive RV mechanisms to PH.
The myth of voluntary uptake of proven fishing gear: investigations into the challenges inspiring change in fisheries
Authors: Eayrs Stephen , Pol Michael 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe describe an investigation into the challenges faced by fishing gear technologists inspiring the voluntary uptake of proven fishing gear by fishers, defined as fishing gear that has satisfied research objectives following field trials between fishers and fishing gear technologists. We applied a multifaceted approach to understand how the uptake rate of this fishing gear can be achieved based on the results of a 3-year ICES-FAO Working Group on Fishing Technology and Fish Behaviour (WGFTFB) topic group on change management in fisheries. This was supported by an online survey and interview of WGFTFB members, comprising mainly of fishing gear technologists and researchers from Europe and North America, and a review of projects in the US Northwest Atlantic to evaluate the performance of fishing gear in close collaboration with fishers. We found that widespread voluntary uptake of proven fishing gear by fishers is rare, and usually takes place over many years if at all. The uptake of this gear was more likely occur in the face of perceived financial benefit or impending regulation, although financial benefit was not always sufficient inducement for fishers change their gear. The effectiveness of outreach programmes to inspire the uptake of this gear was also found to be questionable, and the efficacy of incentives was limited and inconsistent, even if the informational deficit of fishers was low. Few WGFTFB members were found to use change management models such as that by Kotter, and they relied mainly on informal, ad hoc approaches to inspire the uptake of proven fishing gear. Based on our findings we posit a need to (i) examine our assumptions about the behaviour of fishers, (ii) augment communication of the results of fishing gear research, (iii) focus on emotions to overcome motivational deficits, and (iv) consider how the application of change management models can improve the ability of fishing gear technologists to inspire the uptake of proven fishing gear by fishers.
Recent trends in US mortality in early and middle adulthood: racial/ethnic disparities in inter-cohort patterns
Authors: Zang Emma , Zheng Hui , Yang Yang Claire , Land Kenneth C 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
A striking increase in the all-cause mortality of US middle-aged non-Hispanic Whites in the past two decades has been documented by previous studies. The inter-cohort patterns in US mortality, as well as their racial/ethnic disparities, are still unclear.

Methods
Using official mortality data, we study US annual mortality rates for ages 25–54 from 1990 to 2016 by gender and race/ethnicity. We conduct an age-period-cohort analysis to disentangle the period and cohort forces driving the absolute changes in mortality across cohorts. Nine leading causes of death are also explored to explain the inter-cohort mortality patterns and their racial/ethnic disparities.

Results
We find cohort-specific elevated mortality trends for gender- and race/ethnicity-specific populations. For non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics, Baby Boomers have increased mortality trends compared with other cohorts. For non-Hispanic White females, it is late-Gen Xers and early-Gen Yers for whom the mortality trends are higher than other cohorts. For non-Hispanic White males, the elevated mortality pattern is found for Baby Boomers, late-Gen Xers, and early-Gen Yers. The mortality pattern among Baby Boomers is at least partially driven by mortality related to drug poisoning, suicide, external causes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and HIV/AIDS for all race and gender groups affected. The elevated mortality patterns among late-Gen Xers and early-Gen Yers are at least partially driven by mortality related to drug poisonings and alcohol-related diseases for non-Hispanic Whites. Differential patterns of drug poisoning-related mortality play an important role in the racial/ethnic disparities in these mortality patterns.

Conclusions
We find substantial racial/ethnic disparities in inter-cohort mortality patterns. Our findings also point to the unique challenges faced by younger generations.
Animal Models for Influenza A Virus Infection Incorporating the Involvement of Innate Host Defenses: Enhanced Translational Value of the Porcine Model
Authors: Starbæk Sofie M R , Brogaard Louise , Dawson Harry D , Smith Allen D , Heegaard Peter M H , Larsen Lars E , Jungersen Gregers , Skovgaard Kerstin 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Influenza is a viral respiratory disease having a major impact on public health. Influenza A virus (IAV) usually causes mild transitory disease in humans. However, in specific groups of individuals such as severely obese, the elderly, and individuals with underlying inflammatory conditions, IAV can cause severe illness or death. In this review, relevant small and large animal models for human IAV infection, including the pig, ferret, and mouse, are discussed. The focus is on the pig as a large animal model for human IAV infection as well as on the associated innate immune response. Pigs are natural hosts for the same IAV subtypes as humans, they develop clinical disease mirroring human symptoms, they have similar lung anatomy, and their respiratory physiology and immune responses to IAV infection are remarkably similar to what is observed in humans. The pig model shows high face and target validity for human IAV infection, making it suitable for modeling many aspects of influenza, including increased risk of severe disease and impaired vaccine response due to underlying pathologies such as low-grade inflammation. Comparative analysis of proteins involved in viral pattern recognition, interferon responses, and regulation of interferon-stimulated genes reveals a significantly higher degree of similarity between pig, ferret, and human compared with mice. It is concluded that the pig is a promising animal model displaying substantial human translational value with the ability to provide essential insights into IAV infection, pathogenesis, and immunity.
Factors Associated With U.S. Army Physician Service After Obligation Completion
Authors: Wiesen Andrew R , Marcum Rodd E , Soltis Michele A , Peterson Kris A 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Approximately, 320 physicians enter active duty in the U.S. Army each year, replacing a similar number separating from service. Despite the significant costs involved in educating and training physicians, factors associated with continued active service after completing obligations have not been well studied.

Materials and Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted of all U.S. Army physicians who graduated medical school in 1987 or later and entered active physician service on or before December 31, 2015. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the likelihood of continued service after initial obligations to the Army were satisfied. A logistic regression model examined the likelihood of reaching retirement eligibility for the subgroup entering service before October 1998.

Results
Of the 10,490 physicians who met inclusion criteria, 8,009 physicians completed their service obligation by the end of the study. There were 4,524 physicians who entered service before October 1998 and were eligible for the retirement analysis. Several factors were found to be independently associated with a higher likelihood of continued post-obligation service and reaching retirement eligibility. These factors were: years of active service accumulated when obligations were complete; preventive medicine and infectious disease specialization; and male gender.

Conclusions
The physicians most likely to continue serving after completion of their obligation and ultimately retire are those who had the most years of service accumulated when they could leave the Army. Graduates from the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU) incur an obligation of 7 years vs. 4 years for most other programs. USU also attracts a higher proportion of applicants with prior military service and pre-medical school service obligations. The lack of significant difference in service after obligation completion or achievement of retirement eligibility between USU and non-USU graduates was explained by the greater total service of USU graduates when their obligations were complete. Changing the obligation and incentives, such as salary, for other accessioning programs to mirror the USU model would likely minimize service differences between USU and non-USU graduates.
Modified Battlefield Acupuncture Does Not Reduce Pain or Improve Quality of Life in Patients with Lower Extremity Surgery
Authors: Crawford Paul , Moss David A , Crawford Amanda J , Sharon Danny J 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Introduction
This study seeks to determine if modified Battlefield Acupuncture is more effective at relieving acute extremity pain, reducing medication use, and improving quality of life than placebo acupuncture or standard care after lower extremity surgery.

Methods
We conducted a multi-site 3-arm randomized, double-blind controlled trial of standard care alone versus standard care + placebo auricular acupuncture with semi-permanent needles versus standard care + modified battlefield acupuncture with semi-permanent needles for lower extremity surgery at two Air Force hospitals. Subjects reported pain level immediately after acupuncture, 24, 48, 168, and 720 hours later to a blinded research associate. Additionally, subjects completed a PIQ-6 30 days post-operatively, and opioid use was tracked for 30 days post-operatively.

Results
Two hundred thiry-three subjects &gt;18 years old (92 females and 141 males) with a mean age of 44.5 years were randomized with 81 randomized to modified BFA, 74 randomized to placebo acupuncture, and 78 randomized to standard care. Overall pain levels were unchanged at each time point between groups. Outcomes showed unchanged pain, opioid and quality of life between groups.

Conclusion
The use of modified battlefield acupuncture protocol does not change pain opioid use or quality of life in those with lower extremity surgery.
Speed tuning to real-world-and retinal motion in cortical motion regions
Authors: Hacialihafiz Didem Korkmaz , Bartels Andreas 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMotion signals can arise for two reasons in the retina: due to self-motion or due to real motion in the environment. Prior studies on speed tuning always measured joint responses to real and retinal motion, and for some of the more recently identified human motion processing regions, speed tuning has not been examined in at all. We localized motion regions V3A, V6, V5/MT, MST and cingulate sulcus visual area (CSv) in 20 human participants, and then measured their responses to motion velocities from 1-24 degrees per second. Importantly, we used a pursuit paradigm that allowed us to quantify responses to objective and retinal motion separately. In order to provide optimal stimulation, we used stimuli with natural image statistics derived from Fourier scrambles of natural images. The results show that all regions increased responses with higher speeds for both, retinal and objective motion. V3A stood out in that it was the only region whose slope of the speed-response function for objective motion was higher than that for retinal motion. V6, V5/MT, MST and CSv did not differ in objective and retinal speed slopes, even though V5/MT and MST tended to respond more to objective motion at all speeds. These results reveal highly similar speed tuning functions for early and high-level motion regions, and support the view that human V3A encodes primarily objective rather than retinal motion signals.
Rational construction of compact de novo-designed biliverdin-binding proteins
Authors: Sheehan Molly M. , Magaraci Michael S. , Kuznetsov Ivan A. , Mancini Joshua A. , Kodali Goutham , Moser Christopher C. , Leslie Dutton P. , Chow Brian Y. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract:We report the rational construction of ade novo-designed biliverdin-binding protein by first principles of protein design, informed by energy minimization modeling in Rosetta. The self-assembling tetrahelical bundles bind biliverdin IXa (BV) cofactor auto-catalyticallyin vitro, similar to photosensory proteins that bind BV (and related bilins, or linear tetrapyrroles) despite lacking sequence and structural homology to the natural counterparts. Upon identifying a suitable site for cofactor ligation to the protein scaffold, stepwise placement of residues stabilized BV within the hydrophobic core. Rosetta modeling was used in the absence of a high-resolution structure to define the structure-function of the binding pocket. Holoprotein formation indeed stabilized BV, resulting in increased far-red BV fluorescence. By removing segments extraneous to cofactor stabilization or bundle stability, the initial 15-kilodaltonde novo-designed fluorescence-activating protein (“dFP”) was truncated without altering its optical properties, down to a miniature 10-kilodalton “mini,” in which the protein scaffold extends only a half-heptad repeat beyond the hypothetical position of the bilin D-ring. This work demonstrates how highly compact holoprotein fluorochromes can be rationally constructed usingde novoprotein design technology and natural cofactors.
CTCF looping is established during gastrulation in medaka embryos
Authors: Nakamura Ryohei , Motai Yuichi , Kumagai Masahiko , Nishiyama Haruyo , Durand Neva C. , Kondo Kaori , Kondo Takashi , Tsukahara Tatsuya , Shimada Atsuko , Lieberman Aiden Erez , Morishita Shinichi , Takeda Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2018

Abstract:Genome architecture plays a critical role in gene regulation, but how the structures seen in mature cells emerge during embryonic development remains poorly understood. Here, we study early development in medaka (the Japanese killifish, Oryzias latipes) at 12 time points before, during, and after gastrulation which is the most dramatic event in early embryogenesis, and characterize transcription, protein binding, and genome architecture. We find that gastrulation is most associated with drastic changes in genome architecture, including the formation of the first loops between sites bound by the insulator protein CTCF and great increase in the size of contact domains. However, the position of CTCF is fixed throughout medaka embryogenesis. Interestingly, genome-wide transcription precedes the emergence of mature domains and CTCF-CTCF loops.
Evolutionary exploitation of PD-L1 expression in hormone receptor positive breast cancer
Authors: West Jeffrey , Park Derek , Harmon Cathal , Williamson Drew , Ashcroft Peter , Maestrini Davide , Ardaseva Alexandra , Bravo Rafael , Sahoo Prativa , Khong Hung , Luddy Kimberly , Robertson-Tessi Mark 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBased on clinical data from hormone positive breast cancer patients, we determined that there is a potential tradeoff between reducing tumor burden and altering metastatic potential when administering combination therapy of aromatase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors. While hormone-deprivation therapies serve to reduce tumor size in the neoadjuvant setting pre-surgery, they may induce tumors to change expression patterns towards a metastatic phenotype. We used mathematical modeling to explore how the timing of the therapies affects tumor burden and metastatic potential with an eye toward developing a dynamic prognostic score and reducing both tumor size and risk of metastasis.