bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERANAN DEWAN PERWAKILAN RAKYAT DAERAH KABUPATEN BLITAR DALAM PEMBENTUKAN PERATURAN DAERAH
Authors: Widiandono Erwin 
Published: April 2018

Pelimpahan kewenangan dari Pemerintah Pusat kepada Pemerintah Daerah disertai dengan pemberian kekuasaan yang lebih besar bagi Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPRD) dalam menjalankan fungsi Legislasi, namun diharapkan dengan “Otonomi Daerah” Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah (DPRD) mampu meningkatkan peran pembuatan peraturan daerah yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan hukum masyarakat di daerah. Transisi di tingkat daerah seharusnya diprakarsai oleh Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah (DPRD) melalui penyusunan Peraturan Daerah yang berorientasi terutama untuk melakukan perubahan terhadap sistem penyelenggaraan pemerintahan daerah yang transparan, akuntabel dan partisipatif serta melindungi potensi dan kearifan lokal (Local Wisdom) yang ada didaerahnya. Rancangan Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Blitar lebih banyak berasal dari eksekutif daripada legislatif, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pergeseran tersebut belum dibarengi dengan peningkatan baik kualitas maupun kuantitas peraturan daerah dari inisiatif DPRD. Kata Kunci : Peranan DPRD, Peraturan Daerah
ANALISIS TEMUAN BADAN PEMERIKSA KEUANGAN ATAS PENERIMAAN NEGARA BUKAN PAJAK KEMENTERIAN/LEMBAGA
Authors: Dinarjito Agung 
Published: April 2018

Laporan Hasil Pemeriksaan Atas Kepatuhan Terhadap Peraturan Perundangan yang dilakukan oleh Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan selalu menunjukkan permasalahan pengelolaan Penerimaan Negara Bukan Pajak (PNBP). Temuan berulang selalu didapatkan dalam pemeriksaan Laporan Keuangan Pemerintah Pusat dari tahun 2013, 2014 dan 2015. Kebutuhan pengelolaan PNBP yang optimal saat ini mutlak dibutuhkan dalam membantu negara membiayai seluruh kegiatan pemerintahan yang tidak cukup didanai dengan penerimaan perpajakan dan hibah. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi permasalahan yang sering muncul dalam pengelolaan PNBP yang selalu menjadi temuan Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan (BPK). Selain itu, penelitian ini juga akan membahas rekomendasi yang dapat digunakan untuk menghindari temuan berulang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada beberapa penyebab permasalahan PNBP seperti terlambat/belum disetor ke kas negara, PNBP kurang/tidak dipungut, memungut tanpa dasar hukum dan digunakan langsung, memungut dengan dasar hukum dan digunakan langsung, dan permasalahan lainnya.
ANALISIS TINGKAT KEPENTINGAN DAN TINGKAT KEPUASAN UNIT KERJA ATAS KINERJA PEGAWAI PELAKSANA KEMENTERIAN KEUANGAN
Authors: Prabowo Sakti 
Published: April 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat kepentingan dan tingkat kepuasan unit kerja atas kinerja pegawai pelaksana yang bekerja dalam masing-masing unit tersebut di Kementerian Keuangan. Tingkat kepuasan atas kinerja pegawai harusnya sesuai dengan tingkat kepentingannya, sehingga tercapai efisiensi kerja unit organisasi di Kementerian Keuangan. Berdasarkan variabel Pelaksanaan Pekerjaan dan Sikap Perilaku yang terdefinisi dalam penelitian ini, Performance Importance Analysis digunakan untuk membandingkan tingkat kepuasan dengan tingkat kepentingannya. Hasil yang diperoleh, secara umum tingkat kepuasan unit kerja sudah selaras dengan tingkat kepentingannya. Namun demikian secara umum, tingkat kepuasan masih berada dibawah tingkat kepentingan. Lebih lanjut terdapat bebrapa variabel yang perlu mendapat perhatian lebih besar udalam peningkatan tingkat kepuasan.
Occlusion rates of intracranial aneurysms treated with the Pipeline embolization device: the role of branches arising from the sac
Authors: Trivelato Felipe Padovani , Salles Rezende Marco Túlio , Ulhôa Alexandre Cordeiro , Henrique de Castro-Afonso Luis , Nakiri Guilherme Seizem , Abud Daniel Giansante 
Published: April 2018

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to compare the clinical and angiographic outcomes of intracranial aneurysms with and without branches arising from the sac after Pipeline embolization device (PED) treatment.METHODSThis retrospective 2-center comparative study included 116 patients with 157 aneurysms that were treated with PEDs. Aneurysms were divided into 2 groups: one group had branches arising from the sac and the other group did not. Study end points included total aneurysm occlusion assessed by angiography at 6 and 12 months, death or stroke, technical complications, in-stent stenosis, patency of covered branches, and transient ischemia.RESULTSOne hundred fifty-one aneurysms (96%) were located in the internal carotid artery. A branch arising from the sac was observed in 26 aneurysms. Complete occlusion was found in 120 of 156 aneurysms at 6 months (76.92% [95% CI 69.71%–82.84%]) and in 136 of 155 aneurysms at 12 months (87.74% [95% CI 81.28%–92.27%]). Total occlusion was more frequently observed in the group without a branch arising from the sac (84% vs 40% at 6 months, p < 0.001; 93.10% vs 60% at 1 year, p < 0.001). There were 4 (3.45% [95% CI 1.11%–9.12%]) cases of death or major stroke. Amaurosis fugax occurred in 3 patients. One patient experienced worsening of mass effect after treatment. No occlusion of branches arising from the aneurysm was observed. In-stent stenosis greater than 50% was observed in 1 case.CONCLUSIONSAneurysms treated with PEDs are less likely to be totally occluded if they have a branch arising from the sac than are aneurysms without these branches.
Reliability of MRI for predicting characteristics of neurovascular conflicts in trigeminal neuralgia: implications for surgical decision making
Authors: Brînzeu Andrei , Drogba Landry , Sindou Marc 
Published: April 2018

OBJECTIVEThe choice of microvascular decompression (MVD), among the several other surgical options, for treating refractory classical trigeminal neuralgia (TN) relies mostly on preoperative imaging, but the degree of reliability of MRI remains a matter of debate. The authors approached the question of predictability of neurovascular conflict (NVC) in a series of 100 protocolized MRI studies from patients with TN who underwent MVD, by reexamination of MR images, blinded to the clinical data and surgical findings, including the side of the neuralgia.METHODSPatients included in the study were those who underwent MVD after surgical indication had been determined based on a protocolized imagery workup (3D high-resolution T2-weighted cisternography centered on the trigeminal nerve, 3D time-of-flight angiography, and 3D gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted imaging) performed at our institution. All MR images were blindly reexamined, and neurovascular relationships were described on both sides, noting the existence of compression, vessels involved, situation along the root, and degree of compression. The results of MRI evaluation were then compared with actual surgical findings. The extent of agreement and quality of the prediction were expressed with Cohen’s kappa coefficient (κ) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) statistics.RESULTSA conflict had actually been found during surgery in 94 of 100 patients. The sensitivity of MRI to detect a conflict was 97% and the specificity was 50%. Vessel type was identified with high reliability (κ = 0.80), while the grade of the conflict and its situation along the root showed poor to average reliability (κ = 0.38 and κ = 0.40, respectively). The area under the ROC curve for predicting the presence of a conflict according to the grades of conflict seen on MRI was 0.93, which is considered very good. The positive predictive value was differentiated according to the grade of conflict, with a very high value for high grades of vascular conflict.CONCLUSIONSThis study shows an overall good reliability of MRI to predict the existence of an NVC. The prediction value is excellent for high grades of compression. Some apparent low-grade compressions on MRI may be revealed as false positives in surgical exploration. This raises the question of what other imaging methods might be used to determine not only the existence of a conflict but also its degree of compression. The degree of compression is of paramount importance to predict the probability of long-term pain relief, and therefore in the decision to propose MVD as the first choice of surgical treatment.
Surgical decision-making in the management of childhood tumors of the CNS disseminated at presentation
Authors: Kirkman Matthew A. , Hayward Richard , Phipps Kim , Aquilina Kristian 
Published: April 2018

OBJECTIVEIt is relatively unusual for pediatric CNS tumors to be disseminated at presentation, and the literature on the clinical features, management, and outcomes of this specific group is scarce. Surgical management in this population is often challenging, particularly in the presence of hydrocephalus. The authors present their recent experience of treating pediatric CNS tumors that were disseminated at presentation, and they compare these lesions with focal tumors.METHODSThe authors performed a retrospective review of prospectively collected data on children presenting to a tertiary center between 2003 and 2016 inclusive.RESULTSOf 361 children with CNS tumors, the authors identified 53 patients with disease dissemination at presentation (male/female ratio 34:19, median age 3.8 years, age range 7 days to 15.6 years) and 308 without dissemination at presentation (male/female ratio 161:147, median age 5.8 years, age range 1 day to 16.9 years). Five tumor groups were studied: medulloblastoma (disseminated n = 29, focal n = 74), other primitive neuroectodermal tumor (n = 8, n = 17), atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (n = 8, n = 22), pilocytic astrocytoma (n = 6, n = 138), and ependymoma (n = 2, n = 57). The median follow-up duration in survivors was not significantly different between those with disease dissemination at presentation (64.0 months, range 5.2–152.0 months) and those without it (74.5 months, range 4.7–170.1 months) (p > 0.05). When combining data from all 5 tumor groups, dissemination status at presentation was significantly associated with a higher risk of requiring CSF diversion, a higher surgical complication rate, and a reduced likelihood of achieving gross-total resection of the targeted lesion (all variables p < 0.05). Differences between the 5 tumor groups were evident. No factors that predicted the need for permanent CSF diversion following temporary external ventricular drainage were identified on multivariate analysis, and there was no clear superiority of either ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery or endoscopic third ventriculostomy as a permanent CSF diversion procedure.CONCLUSIONSTumor type and dissemination status at initial presentation significantly affect outcomes across a range of measures. The management of hydrocephalus in patients with CNS tumors is challenging, and further prospective studies are required to identify the optimal CSF diversion strategy in this population.
Turkey as Aceh’s Alternative Imperium
Authors: Reid Anthony 
Published: April 2018

La Turquie en tant que pouvoir alternatif d’Aceh.
Aceh est célébré pour son opposition à la domination étrangère. Sa véritable identité en tant que sultanat était fondée sur la résistance aux Portugais au XVIe siècle, aux Néerlandais, Anglais et Français aux XVIIe et XVIIIe s. Au XIXe siècle, le sultanat livra à nouveau la résistance ultime et la plus acharnée à l’avance néerlandaise, et au XXe siècle à Jakarta. En comparaison, la relation de longue date entre Aceh et la Turquie ottomane offre un contraste saisissant. Aux XVIe et XIXe siècles, l’empressement des sultans acihais à se déclarer euxmêmes sujets, et même «esclaves » , du sultan ottoman, était une stratégie pour attirer les Turcs et dissuader les Européens. Mais elle reflétait également une vision du monde dans laquelle la maison de l’Islam devait être unie sous l’autorité d’un calife et résister à la soumission aux lois des non croyants. Le «vasselage » déclaré d’Aceh aux Ottomans avait ses racines profondes au XVIe siècle, mais c’est seulement au XIXe qu’on tenta de les traduire en termes d’empire moderne et de souveraineté. Aujourd’hui, les documents ottomans nous permettent d’ajouter la relation Aceh-Turquie à notre compréhension de l’histoire de l’Indonésie.
Applying a Particle-only Model to the HL Tau Disk
Authors: Tabeshian Maryam , Wiegert Paul A. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Observations have revealed rich structures in protoplanetary disks, offering clues about their embedded planets. Due to the complexities introduced by the abundance of gas in these disks, modeling their structure in detail is computationally intensive, requiring complex hydrodynamic codes and substantial computing power. It would be advantageous if computationally simpler models could provide some preliminary information on these disks. Here we apply a particle-only model (that we developed for gas-poor debris disks) to the gas-rich disk, HL Tauri, to address the question of whether such simple models can inform the study of these systems. Assuming three potentially embedded planets, we match HL Tau’s radial profile fairly well and derive best-fit planetary masses and orbital radii (0.40, 0.02, 0.21 Jupiter masses for the planets orbiting a 0.55 M
⊙ star at 11.22, 29.67, 64.23 au). Our derived parameters are comparable to those estimated by others, except for the mass of the second planet. Our simulations also reproduce some narrower gaps seen in the ALMA image away from the orbits of the planets. The nature of these gaps is debated but, based on our simulations, we argue they could result from planet–disk interactions via mean-motion resonances, and need not contain planets. Our results suggest that a simple particle-only model can be used as a first step to understanding dynamical structures in gas disks, particularly those formed by planets, and determine some parameters of their hidden planets, serving as useful initial inputs to hydrodynamic models which are needed to investigate disk and planet properties more thoroughly.
Constraints on the Density and Internal Strength of 1I/’Oumuamua
Authors: McNeill Andrew , Trilling David E. , Mommert Michael 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
1I/’Oumuamua was discovered by the Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System (Pan-STARRS 1) on 2017 October 19. Unlike all previously discovered minor planets, this object was determined to have eccentricity e > 1.0, suggesting an interstellar origin. Since this discovery and within the limited window of opportunity, several photometric and spectroscopic studies of the object have been made. Using the measured light curve amplitudes and rotation periods we find that, under the assumption of a triaxial ellipsoid, a density range 1500 < ρ < 2800 kg m−3 matches the observations and no significant cohesive strength is required. We also determine that an aspect ratio of 6 ± 1:1 is most likely after accounting for phase-angle effects and considering the potential effect of surface properties. This elongation is still remarkable, but less than some other estimates.
Significance of bacteriuria in patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis
Authors: Taweel Ibrahim , Beatty Norman , Duarte Alexsis , Nix David , Matthias Kathryn , Al Mohajer Mayar 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe significance of bacteriuria in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis (HD) is unclear. It is not known whether treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria is associated with lower rates of urinary tract infection or readmission. Adult patients with ESRD on HD were retrospectively evaluated to assess factors associated with the recurrence of bacteriuria and readmission. We included 68 patients in the analysis. There were 20 patients (29.4%) with urinary symptoms. All symptomatic patients received antibiotic therapy, whereas half of the asymptomatic patients received antibiotics. Antibiotic use was not associated with lower rates of readmission or the recurrence of bacteriuria.
Impact of elevated precipitation, nitrogen deposition and warming on soil respiration in a temperate desert
Authors: Yue Ping , Cui Xiaoqing , Gong Yanming , Li Kaihui , Goulding Keith , Liu Xuejun 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Soil respiration (Rs) is the most important source of carbon
dioxide emissions from soil to atmosphere. However, it is unclear what the
interactive response of Rs would be to environmental changes such
as elevated precipitation, nitrogen (N) deposition and warming, especially in
unique temperate desert ecosystems. To investigate this an in situ field
experiment was conducted in the Gurbantunggut Desert, northwest China, from
September 2014 to October 2016. The results showed that precipitation and N
deposition significantly increased Rs, but warming decreased
Rs, except in extreme precipitation events, which was mainly
through its impact on the variation of soil moisture at 5 cm depth. In
addition, the interactive response of Rs to combinations of the
factors was much less than that of any single-factor, and the main response
was a positive effect, except for the response from the interaction of
increased precipitation and high N deposition
(60 kg N ha−1 yr−1). Although Rs was found to show
a unimodal change pattern with the variation of soil moisture, soil
temperature and soil NH4+-N content, and it was significantly
positively correlated to soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and pH, a
structural equation model found that soil temperature was the most important
controlling factor. Those results indicated that Rs was mainly
interactively controlled by the soil multi-environmental factors and soil
nutrients, and was very sensitive to elevated precipitation, N deposition and
warming. However, the interactions of multiple factors largely reduced
between-year variation of Rs more than any single-factor,
suggesting that the carbon cycle in temperate deserts could be profoundly
influenced by positive carbon–climate feedback.
The Balkan Jihad: Recruitment to Violent Extremism and Issues Facing Returning Foreign Fighters in Kosovo and Southern Serbia
Authors: Speckhard Anne , Shajkovci Ardian 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The participation of predominantly young, Balkan Muslims in the Syrian and the Iraq conflict has become a dangerous trend. Equally alarming is the fact that many youth in the region continue to separate themselves from the mainstream religious community and move to supporting conservative Islamic ideas that cater to jihadist narratives. Drawing from the authors' recent fieldwork in the Balkans, this article addresses the issues of radicalization leading to violence and suggests ways to strengthen current counter radicalization and reintegration policies, including improving the community's resistance in Kosovo and the Southern Serbian Sandjak region. The authors highlight that while “hard” power measures that focus on intelligence activities and attacking extremist ideologies are important, other counterterrorism programs that address prevention, intervention, rehabilitation, and reintegration of those already on the extremist trajectory must also be considered.
Performance Characteristics of Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytology: An Analysis of Responses From the College of American Pathologists Nongynecologic Cytopathology Education Program
Authors: Tabatabai Z. Laura , Auger Manon , Souers Rhona J. , Teot Lisa , Davey Diane D. 
Published: April 2018

Context.—Cerebrospinal fluid cytology is a critical diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of many conditions affecting the central nervous system.Objective.—To assess the performance characteristics of cerebrospinal fluid cytology samples by evaluating participant interpretations within the College of American Pathologists Nongynecologic Cytopathology Education program.Design.—Participant interpretations (N = 46 264) evaluated in the College of American Pathologists Nongynecologic Cytopathology Education Program were examined for concordance with the general category and with the reference diagnosis. Two nonlinear mixed models were used to analyze the concordance rates.Results.—The overall concordance rates for the general category and reference diagnosis were 92.1% and 81.0%, respectively. In the malignant category, the concordance rates with the reference diagnosis were lowest for diagnoses of nonhematopoietic small blue round cell tumors (54.8%) and metastatic malignancy (77.5%); the concordance rate with the reference diagnosis was highest for leukemia/lymphoma (94.0%). In the benign category, the concordance rate was lowest for normal cerebrospinal fluid reference diagnoses (58.6%), followed by acute and chronic inflammation (64.6%), fungal infection (80.8%), and macrophages (85.3%). Significant differences in concordance were uncovered when performance was evaluated by participant type and stain technique. Leukemia/lymphoma was the most common diagnosis for misclassified nonhematopoietic small blue round cell tumor cases and negative or inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid cases.Conclusions.—This study illustrates the difficulties in achieving accurate diagnoses from cerebrospinal fluid specimens, particularly for nonhematopoietic small blue round cell tumors and normal and inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid specimens.
The Effect of 3.2% and 3.8% Sodium Citrate on Specialized Coagulation Tests
Authors: Ratzinger Franz , Lang; Mona , Belik; Sabine , Schmetterer Klaus G. , Haslacher Helmuth , Perkmann Thomas , Quehenberger Peter 
Published: April 2018

Context.—Coagulation testing is challenging and depends on preanalytic factors, including the citrate buffer concentration used.Objective.—To better estimate preanalytic effects of the citrate buffer concentration in use, the difference between results obtained by samples with 3.2% and 3.8% citrate was evaluated.Design.—In a prospective observational study with 76 volunteers, differences related to the citrate concentration were evaluated. For both buffer concentrations, reference range intervals were established according to the recommendations of the C28-A3 guideline published by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.Results.—In our reagent-analyzer settings, most parameters evaluated presented good comparability between citrated samples taken with 3.2% and 3.8% trisodium buffer. The ellagic acid containing activated partial thromboplastin time reagent (aPTT-FS) indicated a systemic and proportional difference between both buffer concentrations, leading to an alteration in its reference ranges. Further, a confirmation test for lupus anticoagulant assessment (Staclot LA) showed only a moderate correlation (rρ = 0.511) with a proportional deviation between both citrate concentrations. Further, a statistically significant difference was found in the diluted Russell viper venom time confirmation testing, coagulation factors V and VIII, and the protein C activity, which was found to be of minor clinical relevance.Conclusions.—With caution regarding the potential impact of the reagent-analyzer combination, our findings demonstrate the comparability of data assessed with 3.2% and 3.8% buffered citrated plasma. As an exception, the aPTT-FS and the Staclot LA assay were considerably affected by the citrate concentration used. Further studies are required to confirm our finding using different reagent-analyzer combinations.
Hemodialysis
Authors: Amanda Stennett 
Published: April 2018

Globally, millions of patients receive treatment for kidney failure. Hemodialysis is the most commonly employed process for cleaning the blood of a patient with kidney failure. This membrane‐based process involves countercurrent flow in the dialyzer, which is a hollow fiber membrane cartridge. Since their introduction, hemodialysis machines have become much smaller and safer, while hemodialyzers have continued to become more biocompatible and efficient. These improvements have helped make hemodialysis treatment more widely available to those patients who need it.In this article, the principles and machines for hemodialysis, treatment parameters, and recent innovations are reviewed.