bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preventive Effects of an UPLC-DAD-MS/MS Fingerprinted Hydroalcoholic Extract of Citrus aurantium in a Mouse Model of Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Hwang Youn-Hwan , Ma Jin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAlthough traditionally used to improve indigestion, diarrhea, dysentery, and constipation, the therapeutic effects of Citrus aurantium on intestinal inflammation remain unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the beneficial effects and to identify the active components of a hydroalcoholic extract of C. aurantium (HECA) on ulcerative colitis. HECA was prepared with 70% ethanol solution in water and extracted at 37 °C for 12 h in triplicate, filtered through a sieve, and lyophilized. Phytochemical identification of HECA was performed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-DAD-MS/MS). Animals were randomly assigned to one of four groups based on the treatment conditions. Ulcerative colitis was induced by administration of 2.5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in drinking water for 5 d. Body weight, clinical signs, colon length, pro-inflammatory cytokine expression levels, and histopathological findings were evaluated. In UPLC-DAD-MS/MS analysis, the identified phytochemical components of HECA included four alkaloids, seven coumarins, 18 flavonoids, two lignans, two phenolics, and 10 terpenoids. HECA markedly protected against body weight loss and colon shortening. In pathological examination, HECA alleviated DSS-related mucosal inflammatory lesions in the colon. Moreover, HECA markedly reduced the expression levels of interleukin-6, interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in colonic inflammation. Taken together, HECA has potential to relieve mucosal inflammation in the colon, suggesting that the putative active ingredients are responsible for the anti-ulcerative effects.
Refractory Angina—An Overview and Recent Trends
Authors: Kadiyala Meenakshi , Roopchandar Rameshwar , Krishnaswamy Chandrshekaran 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBecause of improvement in survival from coronary artery disease and increasing life expectancy of the population, chronicity and resistance to therapy have become growing problems confronting the cardiologist. Refractory angina pectoris is an entity based on clinical diagnosis, and it refers to recurrent and sustained chest pain more than 3 months duration caused by coronary insufficiency that is unamenable to conventional modalities of treatment, including drugs, percutaneous coronary interventions, or coronary bypass grafting. Individuals with this entity may have an impaired quality of life, with recurrent angina, poor general health and psychological distress impairing functional and productive sustenance. A multitude of therapeutic options exists for patients with refractory angina pectoris, and randomized trials have shown them to be reasonably effective in reducing symptoms, though further research is warranted.
Arthroscopic Treatment of Diffuse Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis of the Knee: Complete Synovectomy and Septum Removal—Midterm Results
Authors: Keyhani Sohrab , Kazemi Seyyed , Ahn Jin , Verdonk René , Soleymanha Mehran 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate and describe the clinical results of complete arthroscopic synovectomy through the four arthroscopic portals in the knees affected by diffuse pigmented villonodular synovitis (DPVNS). Between 2009 and 2012, 21 patients (15 men and 6 women) with the diffuse form of PVNS of the knee were enrolled in the study after qualification. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging and postsurgical pathologic examination. All patients underwent complete synovectomy through posteromedial, posterolateral, anteromedial, and anterolateral portals. Each patient was evaluated before treatment and followed up for a minimum of 5 years (range: 60–79 months) using the Lysholm score and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score. Both Lysholm score and IKDC scores were significantly improved in all study participants. No cases of clinical recurrence, infection, joint stiffness, or neurovascular lesions were observed. This study showed that an attentive arthroscopic synovectomy is a safer alternative with better clinical outcomes, with no clinical recurrences.
Association between Sonographic Estimated Fetal Weight and the Risk of Cesarean Delivery among Nulliparous Women with Diabetes in Pregnancy
Authors: Grobman William , Yee Lynn , Dude Annie 
Published: May 2018

Objective The objective of this study was to examine the association between an ultrasound-estimated fetal weight (US-EFW) and mode of delivery among nulliparous diabetic women.
Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study of nulliparous women with medication-requiring gestational or pregestational diabetes who delivered term, singleton gestations following a trial of labor. We determined whether having had an US-EFW within 35 days of delivery was associated with cesarean delivery.
Results Of 304 women who met the eligibility criteria, 231 (76.0%) had an US-EFW within 35 days of delivery. An US-EFW was associated with increased likelihood of intrapartum cesarean (51.5% for those with an ultrasound vs. 27.4% for those without, p < 0.001); this finding persisted even when controlling for birth weight and other confounding factors (adjusted odds ratio: 2.23, 95% confidence interval: 1.16–4.28). Among women with a recent US-EFW, a diagnosis of a large-for-gestational-age (LGA) fetus was associated with overall intrapartum cesarean frequency (65.2% for women with an LGA fetus vs. 46.1% for those without, p = 0.009), but this association did not remain significant in multivariable models.
Conclusion An US-EFW within 35 days of delivery among nulliparous women with medication-requiring diabetes was positively associated with intrapartum cesarean delivery.
Liraglutid in der Pharmakotherapie der Adipositas
Authors: Brede S. , Lehnert H. , Schmid S. M. 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungAufgrund der weltweit zunehmenden Prävalenz von Übergewicht und Adipositas gewinnen medikamentöse Therapien zur Gewichtsreduktion mehr und mehr an Bedeutung. Einen neuen Therapieansatz stellt der Glukagon-like Peptid 1 (GLP-1) Rezeptoragonist Liraglutid dar (Handelsname Saxenda®), der seit März 2015 erstmals zur alleinigen Behandlung der Adipositas in der EU zugelassen ist. Dabei scheinen die gewichtsreduzierenden Effekte von Liraglutid sowohl peripher über eine verzögerte Magenentleerung, als auch zentral über die Beeinflussung von appetitregulierenden Hirnarealen, vermittelt zu sein. In verschiedenen Studien konnte in den letzten Jahren eine signifikante Gewichtsabnahme durch Liraglutid in unterschiedlichen Probandenkollektiven, wie z.B. übergewichtigen und adipösen Patienten ohne aber auch mit Diabetes, nachgewiesen werden. Liraglutid bestätigt sich außerdem als überwiegend gut verträgliche medikamentöse Therapie der Adipositas, wobei die häufigsten berichteten Nebenwirkungen vorübergehende leichte bis moderate gastrointestinale Beschwerden, wie Übelkeit oder Völlegefühl, sind.
Lebensmittelverzehr und Adipositas
Authors: Schwingshackl L. , Schlesinger S. , Neuenschwander M. , Boeing H. 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungMaßnahmen zur Verhinderung von Gewichtszunahmen im Erwachsenenalter spielen in der wissenschaftlichen Diskussion zur Adipositasprävention nur eine untergeordnete Rolle. Daher ist die Studienlage über Bestimmungsgründe der Gewichtszunahme nur bedingt aufgearbeitet worden und durch Lücken gekennzeichnet. Allerdings wird das Adipositasproblem weniger durch die Therapie von schon Übergewichtigen gelöst werden können als vielmehr durch primärpräventive Maßnahmen, die auf breiter Basis auf die Verhinderung großer Gewichtszunahmen abzielen. In dieser Übersicht geben wir den meta-analytischen Kenntnisstand zu den Zusammenhängen zwischen dem Verzehr von 10 Lebensmittelgruppen und dem Risiko von Übergewicht/Adipositas, abdomineller Adipositas und Gewichtszunahme in Kohortenstudien wieder, der durch eine Zusammenstellung der Meta-Analysen von Interventionsstudien mit diesen Lebensmittelgruppen und dem Endpunkt Gewichtsveränderung ergänzt wurde. Die Meta-Analyse zu den Zusammenhängen basierte auf den Originalpublikationen, die für eine englischsprachige Publikation ausführlich aufbereitet wurden. In der zusammenfassenden Darstellung für diese Übersicht konnten wir in der MetaAnalyse der Kohortenstudien bei einigen der Lebensmittelgruppen Assoziationen mit entweder einem erhöhten (zuckergesüßte Getränke, rotes Fleisch) oder reduzierten Risiko (Vollkornprodukte, Obst und Gemüse) beobachten. Diese Assoziationen wurden jedoch nur bei den zuckergesüßten Getränken durch die Interventionsstudien bestätigt, sodass derzeit nur bei dieser Lebensmittelgruppe von einer direkten Wirkung auf die Gewichtsentwicklung ausgegangen werden kann. Weiterhin zeigten die Hülsenfrüchte in den Interventionsstudien einen gewichtsreduzierenden Effekt, der auch teilweise in den Kohortenstudien bestätigt wurde. Diese Übersicht über die Bedeutung der Lebensmittelzufuhr für die Entwicklung von Übergewicht/ Adipositas und langfristige Gewichtsstabilität zeigt ein Potenzial auf, das primärpräventiv genutzt werden kann. Jedoch bedarf es noch weiterer Forschungsanstrengungen, um eine solide Erkenntnisbasis zu schaffen und insbesondere experimenteller Humanstudien, um die Zusammenhänge abzusichern und die biologische Bedeutung zu kennen.
Endoskopische Blutstillung – Schritt für Schritt
Authors: Hartmann Dirk 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe clinical spectrum of gastrointestinal bleeding ranges from the possibly clinically,but often only amenable to laboratory anemia to fulminant bleeding with shock and acute danger to life. Endoscopic haemostasis is in many cases the method of choice. There are several methods available that are dependent be used by cause and localization of the bleeding.
Status of
Opuntia
invasions in the arid and semi-arid lands of Kenya.
Authors: Githae E. W. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Invasive alien species (IAS) are among the leading threats to biodiversity, food security and human well-being.
Opuntia
(prickly pear cactus) is one of the most widespread and naturalized in the arid and semi-arid areas of Kenya, with extreme effects on rural livelihoods and the environment. However, comprehensive information on the status of invasion in the country is lacking, which is crucial for developing strategies for prevention and management. This paper, therefore, provides an overview of the interacting factors that influence its invasion in Kenya in terms of species diversity, pathways of introduction, negative impacts and the effectiveness of regulations and control measures. Seven invasive species of
Opuntia
are present in the country with the most abundant (
O. stricta
) being under biocontrol trial. These species have the same habitat preferences, physiological traits, negative impacts, introduction pathways and management options. Invasion is mainly attributed to changes in land use and consequent land degradation. Introduction pathways are largely intentional for ornamental purposes but unintentional at a local scale through escape from gardens and natural dispersal. The most applied methods of managing
Opuntia
are mechanical and chemical methods that are unsustainable and labour-intensive at large scale. Effective policies are therefore needed to prevent an increase in the significant negative impacts caused by IAS including those that have a limited distribution.
Producer Decision Making under Uncertainty: Role of Past Experiences and Question Framing
Authors: Tonsor Glynn T 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLimited research examines the role of reference points or how uncertain outcomes are processed in producer decisions. This study employs a survey containing a split‐sample choice experiment varying how uncertain outcomes are portrayed, and assesses multiple candidate reference points. Results suggest that U.S. cattle producers use the best outcome experienced as reference points in their decisions, and the method by which uncertain outcomes are presented impacts loss aversion, marginal willingness to pay, and market participation estimates. This illustrates how research employing split samples, multiple reference points, and alternative methods of portraying uncertain outcomes may better identify producer decision‐making.
Minimap2: pairwise alignment for nucleotide sequences
Authors: Li Heng 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Recent advances in sequencing technologies promise ultra-long reads of ∼100 kb in average, full-length mRNA or cDNA reads in high throughput and genomic contigs over 100 Mb in length. Existing alignment programs are unable or inefficient to process such data at scale, which presses for the development of new alignment algorithms.

Results
Minimap2 is a general-purpose alignment program to map DNA or long mRNA sequences against a large reference database. It works with accurate short reads of ≥100 bp in length, ≥1 kb genomic reads at error rate ∼15%, full-length noisy Direct RNA or cDNA reads and assembly contigs or closely related full chromosomes of hundreds of megabases in length. Minimap2 does split-read alignment, employs concave gap cost for long insertions and deletions and introduces new heuristics to reduce spurious alignments. It is 3–4 times as fast as mainstream short-read mappers at comparable accuracy, and is ≥30 times faster than long-read genomic or cDNA mappers at higher accuracy, surpassing most aligners specialized in one type of alignment.

Availability and implementation
https://github.com/lh3/minimap2

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
La Freccia Rossa: an IR-dark cloud hosting the Milky Way intermediate-mass black hole candidate
Authors: Ravi Vikram , Vedantham Harish , Phinney E Sterl 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The dynamics of the high-velocity compact molecular cloud CO-0.40-0.22 have been interpreted as evidence for a ∼105 M⊙ black hole within 60 pc of Sgr A*. Recently, Oka et al. have identified a compact millimetre-continuum source, CO-0.40-0.22*, with this candidate black hole. Here we present a collation of radio and infrared data at this location. Australia Telescope Compact Array constraints on the radio spectrum, and the detection of a mid-infrared counterpart, are in tension with an Sgr A*-like model for CO-0.40-0.22* despite the comparable bolometric to the Eddington luminosity ratios under the intermediate-mass black hole interpretation. A protostellar-disc scenario is, however, tenable. CO-0.40-0.22(*) is positionally coincident with an arrowhead-shaped infrared-dark cloud (which we call the Freccia Rossa). If the VLSR ≈ 70 km s−1 systemic velocity of CO-0.40-0.22 is common to the entire Freccia Rossa system, we hypothesize that it is the remnant of a high-velocity cloud that has plunged into the Milky Way from the Galactic halo.
The Prevalence of Incidental and Symptomatic Lumbar Synovial Facet Cysts
Authors: Janssen Stein J. , Ogink Paul T. , Schwab Joseph H. 
Published: May 2018

Study Design:
This was a retrospective cohort study from 2 affiliated tertiary care referral centers for spine disease.

Objective:
The purpose of this article was to assess the prevalence of incidental (ie, asymptomatic) and symptomatic lumbar synovial facet cysts on magnetic resonance imaging. Secondarily, we assessed whether the prevalence increases with age. In addition, we assessed differences in patient and cyst characteristics between asymptomatic and symptomatic facet cysts.

Summary of Background:
The prevalence of symptomatic and asymptomatic synovial facet cysts in the lumbar spine has been incompletely established, and, although many studies demonstrate an association with degenerative spine disease, no cumulative increase in prevalence of synovial facet cysts with increasing age has been presented.

Methods:
We included 19,010 consecutive patients who underwent a dedicated lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging between 2004 and 2015. Our outcome measures were symptomatic and asymptomatic facet cysts. A symptomatic cyst was defined as a cyst with symptoms of radiculopathy on the same side as the cyst.

Results:
The overall synovial facet cyst prevalence was 6.5% [95% confidence interval (CI), 6.1-6.8]; 46% of the facet cysts were incidental and 54% were symptomatic. Increased age was independently associated with a higher likelihood of having a synovial facet cyst [odds ratio (per 10 y), 1.24, 95% CI, 1.20-1.29; P<0.001]. Large cyst size (odds ratio, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.23-2.20; P=0.001) and anterior location (odds ratio, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.08-1.79; P=0.010) of the synovial facet cyst were the only factors independently associated with having radiculopathy.

Conclusions:
Approximately 1 in 15 patients have at least 1 synovial facet cyst. Having a facet cyst—symptomatic and asymptomatic—is strongly associated with increased age supporting the theory that degenerative disease underlies its development. Large cyst size and anterior location of the cyst are associated with an increased likelihood of having neurological symptoms.

Level of Evidence:
Level III, diagnostic study.
Blue Light Enhances Bacterial Clearance and Reduces Organ Injury During Sepsis*
Authors: Lewis Anthony J. , Zhang Xianghong , Griepentrog John E. , Yuan Du , Collage Richard D. , Waltz Paul K. , Angus Derek C. , Zuckerbraun Brian S. , Rosengart Matthew R. 
Published: May 2018

Objectives:
The physiology of nearly all mammalian organisms are entrained by light and exhibit circadian rhythm. The data derived from animal studies show that light influences immunity, and these neurophysiologic pathways are maximally entrained by the blue spectrum. Here, we hypothesize that bright blue light reduces acute kidney injury by comparison with either bright red or standard, white fluorescent light in mice subjected to sepsis. To further translational relevance, we performed a pilot clinical trial of blue light therapy in human subjects with appendicitis.

Design:
Laboratory animal research, pilot human feasibility trial.

Setting:
University basic science laboratory and tertiary care hospital.

Subjects:
Male C57BL/6J mice, adult (> 17 yr) patients with acute appendicitis.

Interventions:
Mice underwent cecal ligation and puncture and were randomly assigned to a 24-hour photoperiod of bright blue, bright red, or ambient white fluorescent light. Subjects with appendicitis were randomized to receive postoperatively standard care or standard care plus high-illuminance blue light.

Measurements and Main Results:
Exposure to bright blue light enhanced bacterial clearance from the peritoneum, reduced bacteremia and systemic inflammation, and attenuated the degree of acute kidney injury. The mechanism involved an elevation in cholinergic tone that augmented tissue expression of the nuclear orphan receptor REV-ERBα and occurred independent of alterations in melatonin or corticosterone concentrations. Clinically, exposure to blue light after appendectomy was feasible and reduced serum interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 concentrations.

Conclusions:
Modifying the spectrum of light may offer therapeutic utility in sepsis.
Economic Evaluation of a Patient-Directed Music Intervention for ICU Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilatory Support*
Authors: Chlan Linda L. , Heiderscheit Annette , Skaar Debra J. , Neidecker Marjorie V. 
Published: May 2018

Objectives:
Music intervention has been shown to reduce anxiety and sedative exposure among mechanically ventilated patients. Whether music intervention reduces ICU costs is not known. The aim of this study was to examine ICU costs for patients receiving a patient-directed music intervention compared with patients who received usual ICU care.

Design:
A cost-effectiveness analysis from the hospital perspective was conducted to determine if patient-directed music intervention was cost-effective in improving patient-reported anxiety. Cost savings were also evaluated. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses determined the influence of input variation on the cost-effectiveness.

Setting:
Midwestern ICUs.

Patients:
Adult ICU patients from a parent clinical trial receiving mechanical ventilatory support.

Interventions:
Patients receiving the experimental patient-directed music intervention received a MP3 player, noise-canceling headphones, and music tailored to individual preferences by a music therapist.

Measurements and Main Results:
The base case cost-effectiveness analysis estimated patient-directed music intervention reduced anxiety by 19 points on the Visual Analogue Scale-Anxiety with a reduction in cost of $2,322/patient compared with usual ICU care, resulting in patient-directed music dominance. The probabilistic cost-effectiveness analysis found that average patient-directed music intervention costs were $2,155 less than usual ICU care and projected that cost saving is achieved in 70% of 1,000 iterations. Based on break-even analyses, cost saving is achieved if the per-patient cost of patient-directed music intervention remains below $2,651, a value eight times the base case of $329.

Conclusions:
Patient-directed music intervention is cost-effective for reducing anxiety in mechanically ventilated ICU patients.
Job satisfaction and empowerment of self-employed nurse practitioners: A mixed methods study
Authors: Lyden Catherine , Sekula L. Kathleen , Higgins Barbara , Zoucha Rick 
Published: May 2018

Background and Purpose:Self-employed nurse practitioners (NPs) have been part of the American health care landscape since the 1970s, owning practices throughout the United States. The purpose of this study was to explore and measure the 2 characteristics of job satisfaction and empowerment in self-employed NPs practicing within the 50 states and District of Columbia and to explore factors that influence these characteristics.Methods:A convergent parallel design, mixed methods study, using a survey and semistructured interviews, was completed. The survey included the Misener Job Satisfaction Survey and Conditions of Work Effectiveness Questionnaire II.Conclusions:Self-employed NPs are satisfied and empowered. The more empowered, the higher their level of job satisfaction. Over 40% practiced with full practice authority in a rural location, and 50% had over 10 years of experience as both an RN and NP. Their experience in private practice was explored further in the interviews.Implications for practice:This study identifies barriers to job satisfaction and empowerment in self-employed NPs, including physician oversight and lack of business management education. Continuing work to remove restricted and reduced state regulatory environments and to provide education on business management may increase the number of NPs in private practice, expanding access to health care in the United States.