bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental Changes Recorded in Sedimentary Rocks in the Clay‐Sulfate Transition Region in Gale Crater, Mars: Results From the Sample Analysis at Mars‐Evolved Gas Analysis Instrument Onboard the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity Rover
Authors: Clark J. V. , Sutter B. , McAdam A. C. , Lewis J. M. T. , Franz H. , Archer P. D. , Chou L. , Eigenbrode J. , Knudson C. , Stern J. , Glavin D. , Steele A. , House C. H. , Schroeder J. , Berger J. , Rampe E. B. , Simpson S. , Tutolo B. , Milliken R. E. , Malespin C. , Mahaffy P. , Vasavada A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe Curiosity rover explored the region between the orbitally defined phyllosilicate‐bearing Glen Torridon trough and the overlying layered sulfate‐bearing unit, called the “clay‐sulfate transition region.” Samples were drilled from the top of the fluviolacustrine Glasgow member of the Carolyn Shoemaker formation (CSf) to the eolian Contigo member of the Mirador formation (MIf) to assess in situ mineralogical changes with stratigraphic position. The Sample Analysis at Mars‐Evolved Gas Analysis (SAM‐EGA) instrument analyzed drilled samples within this region to constrain their volatile chemistry and mineralogy. Evolved H2O consistent with nontronite was present in samples drilled in the Glasgow and Mercou members of the CSf but was generally absent in stratigraphically higher samples. SO2 peaks consistent with Fe sulfate were detected in all samples, and SO2 evolutions consistent with Mg sulfate were observed in most samples. CO2 and CO evolutions were variable between samples and suggest contributions from adsorbed CO2, carbonates, simple organic salts, and instrument background. The lack of NO and O2 in the data suggest that oxychlorines and nitrates were absent or sparse, and evolved HCl was consistent with the presence of chlorides in all samples. The combined rover data sets suggest that sediments in the upper CSf and MIf may represent similar source material and were deposited in lacustrine and eolian environments, respectively. Rocks were subsequently altered in briny solutions with variable chemical compositions that resulted in the precipitation of sulfates, carbonates, and chlorides. The results suggest that the clay‐sulfate transition records progressively drier surface depositional environments and saline diagenetic fluid, potentially impacting habitability.
Control of surface structure and properties by side chain effects of polymers
Authors: Matsumoto Takuya 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPolymer surfaces and interfaces have received much attention in industrial fields because of their functional properties, including appearance, surface protection, reflectivity, anti-fouling, water-repellency, anti-fogging, anti-icing, adhesion, and gas permeability/barrier characteristics. In addition, because polymer surfaces have notably different properties and dynamic behaviors from bulk materials, many academic researchers have been interested in and contributed to the research on polymer surfaces and interfaces in recent decades. The properties and structure at the polymer surface and interface strongly depend on the chemical structure, conformation, and dynamics of the polymer chains. In this review, the impacts of the structure and dynamics of designed polymer side chains on the surface and interface properties and their mechanism are described. In particular, the control of the molecular conformation and dynamics leads to their characteristic surface and interface properties.
Prime editing: therapeutic advances and mechanistic insights
Authors: Murray Joss B. , Harrison Patrick T. , Scholefield Janine 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe are often confronted with a simple question, “which gene editing technique is the best?”; the simple answer is “there isn’t one”. In 2021, a year after prime editing first made its mark, we evaluated the landscape of this potentially transformative advance in genome engineering towards getting treatments to the clinic [1]. Nearly 20% of the papers we cited were still in pre-print at the time which serves to indicate how early-stage the knowledge base was at that time. Now, three years later, we take a look at the landscape and ask what has been learnt to ensure this tech is broadly accessible, highlighting some key advances, especially those that push this towards the clinic. A big part of the appeal of prime editing is its ability to precisely edit DNA without double stranded breaks, and to install any of the 12 possible single-nucleotide conversion events as well as small insertions and/or deletions, or essentially any combination thereof. Over the last few decades, other transformative and Nobel prize-winning technologies that rely on Watson-Crick base-pairing such as PCR, site-directed mutagenesis, RNA interference, and one might say, “classic” CRISPR, were swiftly adopted across labs around the world because of the speed with which mechanistic rules governing their efficiency were determined. Whilst this perspective focuses on the context of gene therapy applications of prime editing, we also further look at the recent studies which have increased our understanding of the mechanism of PEs and simultaneously improved the efficiency and diversity of the PE toolbox.
Spatial distributions of extreme-ultraviolet brightenings in the quiet Sun
Authors: Nelson C. J. , Hayes L. A. , Müller D. , Musset S. , Freij N. , Auchère F. , Aznar Cuadrado R. , Barczynski K. , Buchlin E. , Harra L. , Long D. M. , Parenti S. , Peter H. , Schühle U. , Smith P. , Teriaca L. , Verbeeck C. , Zhukov A. N. , Berghmans D. 
Published: November 2024

Context. The identification of large numbers of localised transient extreme ultraviolet (EUV) brightenings, on very small spatial scales, in the quiet Sun corona has been one of the key early results from Solar Orbiter. However, there are still a great deal of unknowns about these events.
Aims. In this work, we aim to better understand EUV brightenings by investigating their spatial distributions. Specifically, we have investigated whether they occur co-spatially with specific line-of-sight (LoS) magnetic field topologies in the photospheric network.
Methods. We detected the EUV brightenings in this work using an automated algorithm applied to a high-cadence (3 s) dataset sampled over ∼30 minutes on 8 March 2022 by the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager’s 17.4 nm EUV High Resolution Imager (HRIEUV). Data from the Solar Dynamics Observatory’s Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (SDO/HMI) and Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (SDO/AIA) were used to provide context on the LoS magnetic field and for alignment purposes, respectively.
Results. We found a total of 5064 EUV brightenings within this dataset that are directly comparable to events reported previously in the literature. These events occurred within around 0.015–0.020% of pixels for any given frame. We compared eight different thresholds to split the EUV brightenings into four different categories related to the LoS magnetic field. Using our preferred threshold, we found that 627 EUV brightenings (12.4%) occurred co-spatially with strong bipolar configurations and 967 EUV brightenings (19.1%) occurred in weak field regions. Fewer than 10% of EUV brightenings occurred co-spatially with the unipolar LoS magnetic field, no matter what threshold was used. Of the 627 strong bipolar EUV Brightenings, 54 were found to occur co-spatially with cancellation, whilst 57 occurred co-spatially with emergence.
Conclusions. EUV brightenings are primarily found to occur co-spatially with the strong LoS magnetic field in the photospheric network. However, they do not predominantly occur co-spatially with (cancelling) bi-poles.
Tracking the long-term timing accuracy of the X-Ray Telescope on board the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory
Authors: Cusumano G. , La Parola V. , Capalbi M. , Perri M. , Ambrosi E. , Beardmore A. P. , D’Aì A. , Burrows D. N. , Campana S. , Evans P. A. , Kennea J. A. , Osborne J. P. , Sbarufatti B. , Tagliaferri G. 
Published: November 2024

Context. The Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory has been operational since November 2004. Its X-ray Telescope (XRT), operating in the 0.3–10.0 keV range, is designed to provide detailed position, timing, and spectroscopic information.
Aims. The calibration procedure for assessing the absolute timing accuracy of XRT was described in a previous paper. Here we update the past analysis using the complete data set of the Crab pulsar observations up to October 2022 and using a new version of the data-processing software package that includes corrections to several issues that could have affected the previous results.
Methods. We evaluate the accuracy of the Crab pulse period determination using the folding technique and the pulse-phase analysis and compare our results with the values derived from radio observations. We also check the absolute time reconstruction, measuring the phase position of the main peak in the Crab profile and comparing it with the value reported in the literature, which is based on Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) observations.
Results. We find that the accuracy in period determination for the Crab pulsar is of the order of a few picoseconds for the observations with the largest data time span. The absolute time reconstruction, measured using the position of the main pulse peak, shows that the main peak precedes the phase of the position reported in the literature for RXTE by ~263 µs on average. This corresponds to 0.982 in phase, with an observed dispersion of ±0.02 in phase values. We also find that observations very close in time (down to ~1 day separation) show a significant variation in absolute phase.
Characterizing Jupiter’s interior using machine learning reveals four key structures
Authors: Ziv M. , Galanti E. , Howard S. , Guillot T. , Kaspi Y. 
Published: November 2024

Context. The internal structure of Jupiter is constrained by the precise gravity field measurements by NASA’s Juno mission, atmospheric data from the Galileo entry probe, and Voyager radio occultations. Not only are these observations few compared to the possible interior setups and their multiple controlling parameters, but they remain challenging to reconcile. As a complex, multidimensional problem, characterizing typical structures can help simplify the modeling process.
Aims. We explored the plausible range of Jupiter’s interior structures using a coupled interior and wind model, identifying key structures and effective parameters to simplify its multidimensional representation.
Methods. We used NeuralCMS, a deep learning model based on the accurate concentric Maclaurin spheroid (CMS) method, coupled with a fully consistent wind model to efficiently explore a wide range of interior models without prior assumptions. We then identified those consistent with the measurements and clustered the plausible combinations of parameters controlling the interior.
Results. We determine the plausible ranges of internal structures and the dynamical contributions to Jupiter’s gravity field. Four typical interior structures are identified, characterized by their envelope and core properties. This reduces the dimensionality of Jupiter’s interior to only two effective parameters. Within the reduced 2D phase space, we show that the most observationally constrained structures fall within one of the key structures, but they require a higher 1 bar temperature than the observed value.
Conclusions. We provide a robust framework for characterizing giant planet interiors with consistent wind treatment, demonstrating that for Jupiter, wind constraints strongly impact the gravity harmonics while the interior parameter distribution remains largely unchanged. Importantly, we find that Jupiter’s interior can be described by two effective parameters that clearly distinguish the four characteristic structures and conclude that atmospheric measurements may not fully represent the entire envelope.
Pollution versus diffusion: Abundance patterns of blue horizontal branch stars in the globular clusters NGC6388, NGC6397, and NGC6752
Authors: Moehler S. 
Published: November 2024

Context. The metal-rich ([M/H] = −0.48) bulge globular cluster NGC 6388 displays a blue horizontal branch (HB). Helium enrichment, which is correlated with changes seen among other light elements, might explain this feature. Conversely, the hot HB stars in the metal-poor globular clusters NGC 6397 and NGC 6752 display high abundances of heavy elements caused by radiative levitation.
Aims. I want to determine the abundances of cool blue HB stars in NGC 6388 to verify whether they are helium-enriched. To exclude the effects of radiative levitation for NGC 6388 and to investigate the abundance changes caused by radiative levitation, I analysed the blue HB stars in NGC 6397 and NGC 6752.
Methods. I obtained high-resolution spectra for all three clusters. I then determined the effective temperatures and surface gravities from UV-optical photometry (NGC 6388) and the spectra (NGC 6397, NGC 6752) together with local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) model spectra. The results were used together with equivalent widths by the GALA program, which provides consistent atmospheric parameters and abundances.
Results. For NGC 6397 and NGC 6752, only moderately hot HB stars were suitable for analysis with GALA. When including the literature data, a large scatter is seen at the onset of radiative levitation, followed by increasing abundances up to about 13 500 K (Si, Fe), then turning to a plateau (Si) and a forking (Fe) for higher temperatures. In NGC 6388, the star 4113 shows variations in radial velocity, which may indicate binarity. For the remaining three blue HB stars, the metal abundances are consistent with the products of hot hydrogen burning. The data were too noisy to allow for the helium abundances to be measured.
Conclusions. The presence of hot hydrogen burning products in the blue HB stars in NGC 6388 could indicate helium enrichment. The abundance variations with temperature in moderately hot HB stars in NGC 6397 and NGC 6752 suggest an influence of parameters beyond rotation and effective temperature.
Arzthaftung – Abgrenzung und Einordnung verschiedener Behandlungsfehler
Authors: Maus Christian 
Published: November 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Behandlungsfehler ist der zentrale Begriff des Arzthaftungsrechts und dabei Grundlage und Grenze der Arzthaftung, nicht aber selber Haftungstatbestand1. Zu den aus dem Behandlungsvertrag resultierenden Pflichten des Arztes gehören u.a. die Aufklärung des Patienten, die fachgerechte Behandlung und die Dokumentation der Behandlung. Einer Pflicht, einen möglich Schaden des Patienten zu ersetzen, unterliegt der Behandler aber nur bei einem Verstoß gegen seine Aufklärungs- oder Behandlungspflichten, während ein Dokumentationsfehler keinen eigenständigen Haftungstatbestand darstellt.2 Behandlungsfehlerhaft handelt der Arzt, wenn die Behandlung nicht den zum Zeitpunkt der Behandlung bestehenden, allgemein anerkannten fachlichen Standards entspricht, § 630a Abs. 2 BGB. Zu der Vielzahl an (möglichen) Behandlungsfehlertypen gehören u.a. der Diagnosefehler und die unterlassene Befunderhebung, ebenso wie die Anwendung von Neulandmethoden einen Behandlungsfehler darstellen kann.
Early Surgical Outcomes in Infective Endocarditis Before and During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lee Jang-Sun , Sales Virna L. , Moter Annette , Eichinger Walter 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background Infective endocarditis (IE) is associated with extremely high surgical mortality. During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, hospitals restructured their intensive care units and outpatient services to prioritize COVID-19 care, which may have affected the outcomes of patients requiring urgent procedures. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the pandemic on surgical outcomes of IE patients in Southern Germany.
Methods This observational, community-based study compared two cohorts of surgical candidates: a pandemic cohort from March 2020 to November 2021 (n = 84) and a pre-pandemic cohort from August 2018 to March 2020 (before the lockdown, n = 94). Preoperative status and postoperative in-hospital complications were analyzed and compared between the groups.
Results The pandemic cohort experienced longer symptom onset to diagnosis intervals (14.5 versus 8 days, p = 0.529). A higher incidence of definite IE was observed after the lockdown according to the modified Duke criteria (82.1% versus 68.1%, p = 0.035). Patients presented with more severe symptoms post-lockdown (NYHA Class III: 50% versus 33%; Class IV: 22.6% versus 11.7%, p = 0.001). Postoperative complications, such as re-thoracotomy due to bleeding and hemofiltration for acute renal failure, were significantly more frequent after the lockdown (p < 0.05). However, in-hospital survival rates did not differ significantly between the groups.
Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic and related lockdown measures were associated with delayed diagnoses and worse perioperative outcomes for surgical IE patients, highlighting the need for improved management strategies during public health crises.
Corneal Stress Distribution Using the Procedure of Goldmann Applanation Tonometry, as Tested on a Human Cornea Model
Authors: Gonzalez-Toscano Javier , Gonzalez Francisco 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Objective To assess the effect of corneal thinning and changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) on the distribution of corneal stress induced by Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT).
Methods A 2D model of a human cornea was created using a computer-aided design and finite element analysis software, employing previously reported corneal biomechanical properties. The GAT procedure was simulated, and the magnitude and distribution of stress in the corneal stroma were obtained for several corneal thicknesses, stiffnesses, and IOP.
Results A significant increase in stress was found in the outer and inner layers of the central cornea and in the inner layers of the surrounding central region. The maximal stress value was observed in the central outer layers when the stiffness was doubled, as in our theoretical baseline cornea (125.16 kPa). Minimal stress was observed in the central inner layers for a central corneal thickness of 300 µm (28.17 kPa). The thickness and stiffness of the cornea significantly influenced the magnitude of the stress, whereas the stress distribution in the cornea did not show significant changes. The change in IOP did not induce significant changes in either stress magnitude or stress distribution.
Conclusions The changes and distribution of corneal stress when a GAT procedure is performed support the idea that variations in corneal thickness and stiffness induce changes in corneal biomechanics that may be relevant for IOP readings. These findings are relevant for assessing IOP in corneas that have undergone surgical procedures or have diseases that alter their layers.
Kinesio Taping does not Enhance Jump Performance and Muscle Activity
in Female Athletes
Authors: Makaracı Yücel , Ruiz-Cárdenas Juan D. , Pamuk Ömer , Nas Kazım , Demiray Zeynep , Duysak Hüseyin , Gruet Mathieu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effect of Kinesio Taping (KT) application on
the single-leg counter-movement jump (CMJ) and surface electromyographic (sEMG)
activity in trained female athletes, in both resting and fatigued states. In
this single-blind, randomized, sham-controlled trial, twenty-four healthy
trained female athletes were randomly assigned to either the KT (n=12) or the
sham tape group (n=12). KT was applied using an inhibition technique on rectus
femoris, vastus medialis, biceps femoris, and lateral gastrocnemius muscles of
the dominant leg. A single-leg CMJ test and sEMG activity were recorded at
baseline (no tape), as well as at 1 hour, 24 hours, and 48 hours after taping.
To induce acute neuromuscular fatigue, a 30-second repetitive CMJ test was used
to evaluate KT in fatigued states. In the resting states, both groups exhibited
improvements in jump height, power, mean velocity, and sEMG activity (%EMGmax)
over time, with no significant between-group differences. The single-leg CMJ
performance was similarly decreased after the muscle fatigue protocol in both
groups, showing no between-group differences. Our findings suggest that KT
treatment does not appear to influence jumping performance, sEMG activity, or
muscle fatigue in female athletes.
Phonetic variation of initial stop consonants in Malaysian English
Authors: Ng Bee Kee , Chiew Poh Shin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In multiracial and multilingual Malaysia, Malaysian English (MalE) is not a homogeneous variety. Thus, the present
study examines the phonetic implementation of voicing contrast in MalE across three major ethnic groups, Malay, Chinese and
Indian, and compares the results with their first languages (L1s) and British English due to the historical ties. Voice onset time
(VOT) and closure duration are measured and analysed in within-group and between-group comparisons. Findings reveal evident L1
influence on the initial stop production of Malaysian bilingual speakers, and simultaneous influence of British English due to
long-term language contact. The influence of Malay as the national language is also observed. While VOT appears to play a role in
discriminating between voiced and voiceless initial stop consonants, closure duration does not reflect equivalent significant
effects. Hence, the phonetic and phonological features of MalE in multilingual Malaysia offer insights into one of the Englishes
spoken beyond the Inner Circle.
Mechanics of elliptical JKR-type adhesive contact
Authors: Giudici Andrea , Vella Dominic , Griffiths Ian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The classic Johnson Kendall Roberts theory describes the short-ranged adhesive contact of elastic bodies, but is only valid for axisymmetric contact. A theory for non-axisymmetric contact, which relies on approximating the contact region as an ellipse, was proposed by Johnson and Greenwood (JG). The theory includes the effects of adhesion via Griffith’s criterion applied only at the semi-major and semi-minor axes of the contact ellipse. Although JG’s work is in good agreement with numerical and experimental results for quasi-circular contacts, the agreement worsens as the eccentricity of the contact region increases. In this paper, we show that including the effects of adhesion by instead minimizing the sum of elastic and surface energy yields results that are in excellent agreement with previous numerical simulations over the full range of contact eccentricities.
Edge-aware interactive refinement network for strip steel surface defects detection
Authors: Dong Xianguo , Li Yanan , Fu Liangqing , Liu Jun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Detection of surface defects in strip steel is crucial in industrial automation to ensure steel quality. Recently, learning-based detection methods have gained prominence among researchers for their robust capabilities. However, accurately delineating clear area boundaries remains a challenge, particularly in the complex backgrounds of steel surfaces. In this paper, we propose the edge-aware Interactive Refinement Network (EAIRNet) to address this challenge. EAIRNet comprises three core modules: a Multiscale Feature Extractor, a Sal-Edge Interactive Module, and a regional attention guided module (RAGM). Firstly, our network extracts multiscale features using ResNet from the steel surface environment. Subsequently, features from encoder’s stage 3–5 are integrated to derive edge features. The SEIM facilitates interaction between salient and edge features in the decoder stage, thereby enhancing the network’s focus on defect area boundaries and refining detection precision. Additionally, we introduce the RAGM to improve the focus of shallow decoder layers on defect areas. Our EAIRNet’s effectiveness is proven through comprehensive experimental results on the public dataset named SD-Saliency-900, in comparison to state-of-the-art methods.