bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fracture admission trends in England over a ten-year period
Authors: Jennison T , Brinsden M 
Published: January 2019

Introduction Fractures are a common reason for admission to hospital around the world. Varying incidences have been reported but these are mainly based on small studies from individual centres. The aim of our study was to analyse fracture admissions in England over a ten-year period. Methods Data were collated from the Hospital Episodes Statistics database. Since 2004, data have been collected for all admitted patients in England using the International Classification of Diseases codes for the primary diagnosis. Data were analysed for the ten-year period between 2004–2005 and 2013–2014. Results There were 2,489,052 fracture admissions in England over the 10-year study period. The risk of admission for fracture was 47.84 per 10,000 population. The rate of fracture admission has remained stable. Hip fractures were the most common fracture requiring hospitalisation (n=641,263), followed by distal radius fractures (n=406,313), ankle fractures (n=332,617) and hand fractures (n=244,013). Hip fractures accounted for 58% of hospital bed days, ankle fractures for 10%, and femoral shaft fractures and subtrochanteric femoral fractures for 5% each. The number of bed days per year for hip fractures has reduced from 1,549,939 bed days in 2004–2005 to 1,319,642 in 2013–2014. Conclusions This study provides an updated picture of the incidence of fractures that required hospital admission over a ten-year period in England. It may be used as a platform from which the effect of modern patient treatment pathways can be monitored.
Refunding Emissions Taxes: The Case For A Three-Part Policy
Authors: Bontems Philippe 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This paper examines theoretically whether by combining both output-based refunding and abatement expenditure-based refunding, it is possible to limit the negative consequences that a pollution tax implies for a polluting industry. We show that this is indeed the case by using a three-part policy where emissions are subject to a fee and where output and abatement expenditures are subsidized. When the industry is homogenous, it is possible to replicate the standard emission tax outcome by inducing a polluting firm to choose the production and emission levels obtained under any emission tax, without departing from budget balance. By construction, any polluter earns strictly more than under the standard tax alone without rebate, making this proposal more acceptable to the industry. When firms are heterogeneous, the refunding policy needed to replicate the standard emission tax outcome is personalized in the sense that at least the output subsidy should be type dependent and it is strictly preferred only from the industry’s point of view to a standard environmental tax. We also explore the implications of uniform three-part refunding policies for a heterogeneous industry.
Anxiety and depression mediate the role of low self-esteem and low self-directedness in the development of eating disorders
Authors: Aloi Matteo , Segura-García Cristina 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Objective:
Low self-esteem and low self-directedness (SD) are considered a risk factor for the development of eating disorders (EDs). The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that low self-esteem and low SD lead to a higher risk for EDs through the mediation of anxiety and depression.

Methods:
Seventy-seven female teenagers answered the Eating Disorder Inventory 3 (EDI-3), the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS), the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised (TCI-R), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R). To test the hypothesis, a structural equation model (SEM) was used.

Results:
According to the EDI3-EDRC scores, 23/77 (29.9%) participants demonstrated positive results in the screening. Participants who had positive results in the screening had significantly higher scores on trait and state anxiety, depression, and IU, and lower means of self-esteem and SD. The SEM demonstrated good fit indices and all paths were significant in the predicted directions, confirming the hypothesized model.

Conclusions:
The current results confirm the role of self-esteem and SD in the development of an ED among adolescent females through the mediating action of IU, anxiety, and depression.
The structure of Argobba nominal phrase
Authors: Getahun Amare 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This paper analyzes the internal structure of Argobba nominal phrase in Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG) formalism. Argobba is a seriously endangered Semitic language in Ethiopia. Unlike its sister languages in the Ethio-Semitic subfamily, Argobba nouns qualified by a demonstrative, possessive pronoun and genitive NP bear a definite article. It is argued in this paper that the definite article is not an independent syntactic element, but an affix, which is attached to indefinite nouns lexically. It is argued that the derivation of Argobba definite common nouns is captured by the Definite Lexical Rule (DLR). The paper also claims that the NP internal agreement of specifiers and modifiers with the head noun is accounted for by the SPEC and MOD features that impose certain constraints on the morphosyntactic features of the head noun.
Fake News and Drama: Nationalism, Immigration and the Media in Recent British Plays
Authors: Redling Ellen 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Fake News is often not taken seriously enough. It might appear like a mere hoax and too fantastical or bold to believe, just like the so-called ‘alternative facts’ presented about the size of the crowd at Donald Trump’s inauguration. Similarly, nationalistic tendencies, often driven by fake news and promoted by authoritarian leaders, can be underestimated. Recent British plays and performances about fake news which appeared after the Brexit vote make clear that the typical strategies of the liberal left of fighting against nationalism and authoritarianism seem to no longer work when taken on their own. These strategies include, for instance, postmodern techniques, the exposure of a misuse of power through the media or documentary theatre, or the foregrounding of marginalised and oppressed groups, e. g. by means of verbatim practices. They often lack efficacy nowadays because they have become undermined by ‘post truth’ or because they can reflect, rather than challenge, the mechanisms of fake news as well as the widespread feeling of uncertainty in the Western world, which in turn can be found at the root of a growth in nationalism and power of authoritarian leaders. This paper suggests that theatre is currently creating new strategies of dealing with these harmful developments. It argues that recent plays about fake news show that, in order to counter the disorientating effects of fake news, a new type of viewer is needed, the particularly ‘alert spectator,’ whose senses are strengthened through the performance, and who in times like these when people reach out for (fake) certainties amidst confusing uncertainty is able to develop a double vision: a postmodern and a post-postmodern one.
Reconstruction of a crack with the incident waves and measurements inside a penetrable cavity
Authors: Guo Jun , Yang Qing , Cai Mingjian , Yan Guozheng , Guo Zhongkai 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The inverse scattering problem of determining a crack outside a known penetrable cavity from the measurements and point sources placed in a closed curve Λ inside the cavity is considered. The factorization method is used to reconstruct the crack on which the mixed-type boundary conditions are posed. To this end, we need to overcome two key difficulties. One of them is to find the relationship between the two data-to-data operators, which map the boundary data on the crack to the values of scattered fields on the closed curve Λ with outgoing radiation condition and incoming radiation condition, respectively. In addition, it is hard to decompose the near field operator in the usual way owing to the mixed-type boundary conditions. By the aid of an auxiliary operator, we can obtain the desired decomposition form in accordance with the theoretical framework of the factorization method.
One-year treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues does not affect body mass index, insulin sensitivity or lipid profile in girls with central precocious puberty
Authors: Arcari Andrea J. , Freire Analía V. , Escobar María E. , Ballerini María G. , Ropelato María G. , Bergadá Ignacio , Gryngarten Mirta G. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
Puberty is associated with a physiological decline in insulin sensitivity (IS). Overweight (OW) and obesity (OB) are common among girls with central precocious puberty (CPP). CPP is considered a risk factor for metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to assess surrogate measures of IS, body mass index (BMI) and other metabolic parameters in CPP girls at diagnosis and during treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues (GnRHa).

Methods
We present a prospective longitudinal study of CPP girls. The standard oral glucose tolerance test, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), whole-body IS index (ISI) and fasting lipid profiles were evaluated at diagnosis, and at 6 and 12 months of treatment.

Results
Nineteen CPP girls were included; 17 were evaluable. At baseline, seven patients had normal weight (NW), five were OW and five were OB. During GnRHa treatment no significant changes were observed in BMI, HOMA-IR or ISI when considering the whole group. Whereas, when we analyzed patients according to BMI status, in NW patients, BMI increased significantly with no changes in HOMA-IR or ISI along treatment. In the OW/OB group, no significant differences were observed in BMI, HOMA-IR or ISI.

Conclusions
Girls with CPP showed a high frequency of OW/OB and a high prevalence of IR. GnRHa did not affect BMI, IS or the lipid profile when considering the whole cohort of patients. However, there was an increase in BMI in NW girls but not in OW/OB patients.
Frequency, clinical characteristics, biochemical findings and outcomes of DKA at the onset of type-1 DM in young children and adolescents living in a developing country – an experience from a pediatric emergency department
Authors: Jawaid Amna , Sohaila Arjumand , Mohammad Nadia , Rabbani Unaib 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
As per the International Society for Pediatrics and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) census, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is the most frequent cause of diabetes-related death. In developing countries, DKA-related mortality rate ranges from 6% to 24% (Onyiriuka AN, Ifebi E. Ketoacidosis at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents: frequency and clinical characteristics. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2013;12:47) in contrast to 0.15%–0.31% in the Western world (Poovazhagi V. Risk factors for mortality in children with diabetic ketoacidosis from developing countries. World J Diabetes 2014;5:932–93.). In developing countries like Pakistan, the situation is more perplexing owing to uncertain or under-reported statistics about the spectrum of the disease and its prevalence, coupled with limited access to medical care and experts as well as less awareness. These limitations restrict our ability to develop interventions that are patient-centered. Our main objective was to determine the severity, clinical features, bio-chemical findings and outcomes of DKA in children aged 1 month to 16 years.

Subjects and methods
This retrospective study included the analysis of medical and laboratory records from patients’ medical charts and the electronic database of all children aged 1 month to 16 years with newly diagnosed type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) complicated with ketoacidosis, who presented to the emergency department (ED) at the Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), between January 2009 and December 2014.

Results
Diabetes mellitus complicated with DKA was the predominant diagnosis (n=113 [75.83%]) among endocrine diseases in children visiting the ED. Our study witnessed an increase in the incidence of DKA particularly after 5 years of age, with more severity in females. In our study, the mortality rate was 3.4%.

Conclusions
Considering the high incidence and mortality rate, it is emphasized that DKA should be considered in differential diagnosis. An awareness campaign for both general pediatricians and physicians as well as for the public is needed for better outcomes.
“Arabic is the mother tongue of Islam”: Religion and the reproduction of Arabic among second-generation British-Arab immigrants in Cardiff, UK
Authors: Moraru Mirona 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Born and educated in the UK, with Arab parents and Muslims, second-generation British-Arab immigrants in Cardiff find themselves at the core of a complex web of power relations which potentiates their production of multilingual practices. However, while Cardiff is officially bilingual, English being the dominant language and Welsh becoming increasingly valuable, linguistic practices with Arabic are usually rendered illegitimate. In spite of this, British-Arabs produce, reproduce, and negotiate linguistic practices with Arabic in Cardiff. The present article employs Pierre Bourdieu’s model of linguistic production and circulation to analyse the oral linguistic biographies of six second-generation British-Arabs in Cardiff in order to understand the conditions which enable the production of such practices in Cardiff in spite of their illegitimacy. The main argument is that Islam complements the central role occupied by the family in the reproduction of linguistic practices with Arabic in Cardiff; the relationship between the symbolic value ascribed to Qur’anic Arabic, the institutionalised provision of Arabic literacy, and mainstream education functions as a mechanism which reproduces the symbolic value of linguistic practices with Arabic on specific linguistic submarkets in Cardiff.
Crystal structure of tris(1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione-2-oximato-κ2
N,O)cobalt(III), C27H24N3O6Co
Authors: Cuihong Zhang , Yuan Ge , Xiaoping Huo , Liguo Yang , Xin Li , Zongcheng Miao 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
C27H24N3O6Co, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 11.309(3) Å, b = 19.477(5) Å, c = 11.615(3) Å, β = 109.071(9)°, V = 2418.0(11) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0296, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0845, T = 293(2) K [1–3].
Terrorism 4.0: A Global and Structural Analysis
Authors: Falode Adewunmi J. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The paper is an analysis of the different typology, forms and aspects of terrorism in its modern incarnation. It is a critical and thorough analysis of the varied manifestations of terrorism in the international political system. The paper shows that terrorism has evolved with modernity. Terrorism in its new variation is what this paper has called ‘Terrorism 4.0.’ Terrorism 4.0 (T4) has two basic and definable characteristics: it is fratricidal and genocidal in nature. The paper explores the different strategies and tactics employed by various and distinct terrorist groups to destabilize states in the international political system using T4 in combination with traditional terrorism practices. By drawing on the activities of non-state actors such as ISIS, Al-Qaeda, Tehrik-i-Taliban , Al-Shabaab, Boko Haram, Hamas and Hezbollah, the paper shows that terrorism has evolved beyond its traditional conceptions in the 20thcentury.
Magnetic resonance imaging of catalytically relevant processes
Authors: Svyatova Alexandra I. , Kovtunov Kirill V. , Koptyug Igor V. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe main aim of this article is to provide a state-of-the-art review of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) utilization in heterogeneous catalysis. MRI is capable to provide very useful information about both living and nonliving objects in a noninvasive way. The studies of an internal heterogeneous reactor structure by MRI help to understand the mass transport and chemical processes inside the working catalytic reactor that can significantly improve its efficiency. However, one of the serious disadvantages of MRI is low sensitivity, and this obstacle dramatically limits possible MRI application. Fortunately, there are hyperpolarization methods that eliminate this problem. Parahydrogen-induced polarization approach, for instance, can increase the nuclear magnetic resonance signal intensity by four to five orders of magnitude; moreover, the obtained polarization can be stored in long-lived spin states and then transferred into an observable signal in MRI. An in-depth account of the studies on both thermal and hyperpolarized MRI for the investigation of heterogeneous catalytic processes is provided in this review as part of the special issue emphasizing the research performed to date in Russia/USSR.
Wegner estimate for discrete Schrödinger operators with Gaussian random potentials
Authors: Tautenhahn Martin 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We prove a Wegner estimate for discrete Schrödinger operators with a potential given by a Gaussian random process.
The only assumption is that the covariance function decays exponentially; no monotonicity assumption is required.
This improves earlier results where abstract conditions on the conditional distribution, compactly supported and non-negative, or compactly supported covariance functions with positive mean are considered.
Cluster Set Loading in the Back Squat: Kinetic and Kinematic Implications
Authors: Wetmore Alexander B. , Wagle John P. , Sams Matt L. , Taber Christopher B. , DeWeese Brad H. , Sato Kimitake , Stone Michael H. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Wetmore, A, Wagle, JP, Sams, ML, Taber, CB, DeWeese, BH, Sato, K, and Stone, MH. Cluster set loading in the back squat: Kinetic and kinematic implications. J Strength Cond Res 33(7S): S19–S25, 2019—As athletes become well trained, they require greater stimuli and variation to force adaptation. One means of adding additional variation is the use of cluster loading. Cluster loading involves introducing interrepetition rest during a set, which in theory may allow athletes to train at higher absolute intensities for the same volume. The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinetic and kinematic implications of cluster loading as a resistance training programming tactic compared with traditional loading (TL). Eleven resistance-trained men (age = 26.75 ± 3.98 years, height = 181.36 ± 5.96 cm, body mass = 89.83 ± 10.66 kg, and relative squat strength = 1.84 ± 0.34) were recruited for this study. Each subject completed 2 testing sessions consisting of 3 sets of 5 back squats at 80% of their 1 repetition maximum with 3 minutes of interset rest. Cluster loading included 30 seconds of interrepetition rest with 3 minutes of interset rest. All testing was performed on dual-force plates sampling at 1,000 Hz, and the barbell was connected to 4 linear position transducers sampling at 1,000 Hz. Both conditions had similar values for peak force, concentric average force, and eccentric average force (p = 0.25, effect size (ES) = 0.09, p = 0.25, ES = 0.09, and p = 0.60, ES = 0.04, respectively). Cluster loading had significantly higher peak power (PP) (p < 0.001, ES = 0.77), peak and average velocities (p < 0.001, ES = 0.77, and p < 0.001, ES = 0.81, respectively), lower times to PP and velocity (p < 0.001, ES = −0.68, and p < 0.001, ES = −0.68, respectively) as well as greater maintenance of time to PP (p < 0.001, ES = 1.57). These results suggest that cluster loading may be superior to TL when maintaining power output and time point variables is the desired outcome of training.
Foam Injection Molding of Polypropylene/Zinc Oxide Nanocomposite with Chemical Foaming Agent: Mechanical Properties and Morphology
Authors: Altan Mirigul , Osswald Tim 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Polyropylene (PP)- zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocomposites were obtained by a melt mixing process. Organo silane–modified ZnO and untreated ZnO, and compositions with added stearic acid were prepared in a twin screw extruder. Thermal properties of the composites were determined by differential scanning calorimetry. The obtained composites were foamed by conventional injection molding using the chemical foaming agent azodicarbonamide. The effects of the ZnO addition and the coupling agent on cell morphology, tensile strength, and weight reduction were investiagted. The silane-treated ZnO was effective in cell generation; however, this decreased the tensile strength of the composite foams. On the other hand, untreated ZnO induced a slight increment in tensile strength that was due to lower cell generation. When weight reduction and improvement in tensile strength were considered togehther, the addition of 3 wt. % of untreated ZnO was found to be successful for PP foaming.
Response of Surface Acoustic Wave Propagation to Gasoline Gum Deposited on the Surface of Piezoelectric Substrate
Authors: Bai Yunshan , Deng Mingxi 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In this article, theoretical analyses and experimental examinations have been performed on the response of surface acoustic wave (SAW) propagation to the film of gasoline gum deposited on the surface of a piezoelectric substrate, where the film of gasoline gum was thought of as viscoelastic. Using a commercial software (COMSOL Multiphysics), the influence of mass loading and viscoelasticity of the viscoelastic film on the SAW propagation has been numerically analyzed. It has been found that both the amplitude attenuation and the center frequency shift of SAW propagation change sensitively and monotonically with the change in mass loading and viscoelastic behavior of the viscoelastic film. To verify the theoretical analyses, the experimental examinations of the response of SAW propagation to the film of gasoline gum have been carried out. The experimental results show good consistency with the theoretical predictions. Both the amplitude attenuation and center frequency shift of SAW propagation indicate a significant sensitivity to change in the content of gasoline gum deposited on the surface of SAW propagation substrate. It is expected that the results obtained can provide a means for rapidly sensing the content of gum in automotive gasoline using the SAW technique.
Influence of Rigidity and Load Condition on the Contact Stress and Settlement Deformation of a Spread Foundation
Authors: Liang Fayun , Liang Xuan , Wang Chen , Wang Jie , Li Yuanqi 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The distribution of the contact stress between a spread foundation and subsoil has been regarded as a classic issue in geotechnical engineering. Previous studies on this problem mainly focused on rigid foundations under axial loads, usually with width-to-height ratios (w/h) of 2.5 or less. However, flexible foundations are much more widespread in engineering applications. To investigate the effect of rigidity on the contact stress distribution and settlement deformation under axial and eccentric compression, two series of model tests on spread foundations (with w/h ratios from 2.5 to 4.0) placed on silty sand and clay were conducted. The results indicate that, under axial load, the contact stress in the central area of the rigid foundation is smaller than that around the edges. However, as the aspect ratio increases, the opposite occurs. Furthermore, in the eccentric compression progress, the w/h ratio (representing the rigidity of a foundation) has an important impact on the pressure distribution. A clear asymmetric distribution of pressure was observed under the eccentric load, and the maximal stress appears around the edges of the eccentric side under the rigid foundations, while under the flexible foundations the maximal stress appears in the central area. These research results can provide a practical reference for engineering applications with flexible foundations.