bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Critical Evaluation of Health Diplomacy as an Altruistic Underpinning of China–Africa Relations
Authors: Mangani Dylan Yanano , Mutambara Marcia Victoria , Shambare Richardson 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPost-Cold War studies on foreign policy analysis pay increasing attention to ‘soft power’ politics as an effective diplomatic construct to attaining a state’s objectives. In this chapter, health diplomacy is understood as non-coercive repertoires of engagement that are constituted as a subset of foreign policy. Health diplomacy is international cooperation or aid focused on promoting health programmes to attain public health objectives. This chapter acknowledges a dearth of scholarship on China–Africa health relations. The available literature is preoccupied with China–Africa socio-economic and political relations and therefore locates the discussion within the broader limits of political challenges. This minimalist approach does not exhaustively analyse China’s involvement in African public health issues. Therefore, work on health diplomacy has contributed to new interpretations of China–Africa relations by proffering alternative perspectives beyond the traditional conceptions of hegemonic power interests in Africa. These alternatives demonstrate the developmental trajectory pursued by a developing country, China, towards a developing African region. In the broadest sense, China’s health policy in Africa is encapsulated in the 1964 ‘Eight Principles for Economic Aid and Technical Assistance to Other Countries and the 2006 ‘China’s African Policy’ that promulgated the bedrock for the Forum on China–Africa Cooperation (FOCAC).
Exploring China’s Emerging Role in Africa’s International Research Collaboration
Authors: Zhu Ruoyan , Li Yin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractChina’s involvement in Africa has dramatically increased during the last few decades. This paper analyses the emerging role of China in Africa’s international research collaboration using data of African scientific publications from 1971 to 2019 in the Web of Science database. Utilizing a bibliometrics analysis strategy, this study provides an examination of the growth of China–Africa scientific research collaboration, followed by a detailed analysis of the patterns and dynamics, the implications for policy, and recommended actions to maximize collaboration for mutual benefit. The findings suggest that China is gaining an increasingly important position in Africa’s international research collaboration. China is now establishing contacts with African researchers through scholars from other countries. Surprisingly, publications involving Chinese researchers typically attract more citations. It demonstrates how scientific research collaboration differs from economic cooperation by nature. China–Africa scientific research collaboration is more about inclusive and win–win cooperation than an exclusive and zero-sum game.
Portuguese translation, cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the temporomandibular joint scale: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Cervaens Mariana , Pereira Jéssica , Magalhães André , Esteves Mário , Vilarinho Rui , Abreu Verónica , Amaral Luísa 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) scale assesses the severity of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD), yet a European Portuguese translation is lacking.

Objectives
To translate, cross-culturally adapt and to examine the psychometric properties (construct validity and reliability) of the TMJ scale.

Methods
Translation and cultural adaptation were carried out according to international recommendations, including initial translation, evaluation of this translation and cultural adaptation by a panel of experts, and back translation. The final Portuguese version was used to examine the reliability and validity, and participants with TMD were recruited from a Portuguese outpatient clinic. Reliability measures included internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest reliability with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1). The Spearman correlation comparing the TMJ scale with the Fonseca and Helkimo indexes was used to assess the construct validity.

Results
A total of 63 participants (23 ± 2 years; 61,9% female) were included. Similar internal consistency was observed between the two moments of application (0.921 and 0.918), and test-retest reliability was excellent, with an ICC2,1 = 0.998 (95%CI: 0.988–0.999). Robust positive correlations (rho 0.554–0.611, p < 0.001) were found between the TMJ scale and Fonseca and Helkimo indexes.

Conclusion
The European Portuguese version of TMJ scale is now available to improve the assessment of severity of TMD in routine clinical practice. This version is also reliable and valid.
Voxel-wise segmentation for porosity investigation of additive manufactured parts with 3D unsupervised and (deeply) supervised neural networks
Authors: Iuso Domenico , Chatterjee Soumick , Cornelissen Sven , Verhees Dries , Beenhouwer Jan De , Sijbers Jan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAdditive Manufacturing (AM) has emerged as a manufacturing process that allows the direct production of samples from digital models. To ensure that quality standards are met in all samples of a batch, X-ray computed tomography (X-CT) is often used in combination with automated anomaly detection. For the latter, deep learning (DL) anomaly detection techniques are increasingly used, as they can be trained to be robust to the material being analysed and resilient to poor image quality. Unfortunately, most recent and popular DL models have been developed for 2D image processing, thereby disregarding valuable volumetric information. Additionally, there is a notable absence of comparisons between supervised and unsupervised models for voxel-wise pore segmentation tasks. This study revisits recent supervised (UNet, UNet++, UNet 3+, MSS-UNet, ACC-UNet) and unsupervised (VAE, ceVAE, gmVAE, vqVAE, RV-VAE) DL models for porosity analysis of AM samples from X-CT images and extends them to accept 3D input data with a 3D-patch approach for lower computational requirements, improved efficiency and generalisability. The supervised models were trained using the Focal Tversky loss to address class imbalance that arises from the low porosity in the training datasets. The output of the unsupervised models was post-processed to reduce misclassifications caused by their inability to adequately represent the object surface. The findings were cross-validated in a 5-fold fashion and include: a performance benchmark of the DL models, an evaluation of the post-processing algorithm, an evaluation of the effect of training supervised models with the output of unsupervised models. In a final performance benchmark on a test set with poor image quality, the best performing supervised model was UNet++ with an average precision of 0.751 ± 0.030, while the best unsupervised model was the post-processed ceVAE with 0.830 ± 0.003. Notably, the ceVAE model, with its post-processing technique, exhibited superior capabilities, endorsing unsupervised learning as the preferred approach for the voxel-wise pore segmentation task.
Longitudinal and Lateral Cooperative Control of Preview Intelligent Vehicles with Stabilization
Authors: Tang Minan , Chen Xiaowei , Tang Kunxi , Zhang Yaqi , Wang Wenjuan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAiming at the highly nonlinear and coupled longitudinal and transverse motion control problems of intelligent vehicle path tracking control, a new method of preview MPC path tracking control is proposed by combining visual preview model and model predictive control theory. The method first locally linearizes the nonlinear prediction model and transforms the MPC optimization solution problem into a quadratic programming problem. The longitudinal vehicle speed and the preview distance are then treated as known in each control time domain, an exponential model is applied to characterize the longitudinal vehicle speed, and a transverse angular velocity-center of mass lateral deflection ($$r-\beta $$

r
-
β

) phase plane plot is applied to characterize the vehicle stability. Finally, proportional integral differential stability controller is designed to improve vehicle stability. Simulation and test results show that: Compared with the MPC tracking control method, the preview MPC control method proposed in this paper can optimize the vehicle tracking performance on different adhesion coefficient road surfaces and improve the tracking accuracy, and this enhancement effect is more obvious at high speeds.
Impact of ERG6 Gene Deletion on Membrane Composition and Properties in the Pathogenic Yeast Candida glabrata
Authors: Jacko J. , Morvová M. , Hervay N. Tóth , Eliaš D. , Gbelská Y. , Waczulíková I. , Gášková D. , Balážová M. , Šikurová L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe ERG6 gene is crucial for the biosynthesis of ergosterol, a key component of yeast cell membranes. Our study examines the impact of ERG6 gene deletion on the membrane composition and physicochemical properties of the pathogenic yeast Candida glabrata. Specifically, we investigated changes in selected sterol content, phospholipid composition, transmembrane potential, and PDR16 gene activity. Sterol levels were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography, the phospholipid profile was analysed via thin-layer chromatography, transmembrane potential was assessed with fluorescence spectroscopy, and gene expression levels were determined by quantitative PCR. Our findings revealed a depletion of ergosterol, increased zymosterol and eburicol content, an increased phosphatidylcholine and a reduced phosphatidylethanolamine content in the Δerg6 strain compared to the wt. Additionally, the Δerg6 strain exhibited membrane hyperpolarization without changes in PDR16 expression. Furthermore, the Δerg6 strain showed increased sensitivity to the antifungals myriocin and aureobasidine A. These results suggest that ERG6 gene deletion leads to significant alterations in membrane composition and may activates an alternative ergosterol synthesis pathway in the C. glabrata Δerg6 deletion mutant.
Equipment-related wounds and associated risk factors in working equids of the Oromia national regional state in Ethiopia
Authors: Merridale-Punter Mathilde S , Wodajo Abel L , Elias Belay , Bakos Anna-Marie , Zewdu Hanna , Tesfaye Reta , Hailegebreal Gizachew , Sori Teshale , El-Hage Charles M , Wiethoelter Anke K , Hitchens Peta L 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Working equids support the livelihoods of millions of low-income households worldwide and face several welfare challenges. Although equipment-related wounds are common, little is known about specific risk factors. This cross-sectional study surveyed equids used for cart-work in three Ethiopian towns. Number, size, severity and location of wounds were recorded for each animal, as well as work equipment characteristics and indicators of equipment fit and assembly. Questionnaires were conducted with each cart-driver focusing on equipment practices and attitudes. Logistic regression models were generated to investigate associations between equipment-related wounds (outcome) and equipment, work, driver and animal-related factors (predictors). In total, 369 equids and cart-drivers were surveyed. The prevalence of equipment-related wounds was 72.6% (268/369) with girth wounds being the predominant wound type in horses (50%; 122/244) while donkeys had predominantly shaft-related wounds (59%; 72/122). Donkeys were two times more likely to have equipment-related wounds than horses. The presence of equipment-related wounds was associated with factors such as previously having wounds, inadequate collar positioning and using purchased equipment compared to partly home-made equipment. Characteristics of specific equipment components were also associated with certain wound types, such as narrow saddle pressure points and saddle wounds. Equipment-related wounds are highly prevalent in working equids, representing a serious welfare concern. Factors relating to equipment design, fit and assembly were associated with the presence of wounds. Importantly, species differences require tailoring of preventive approaches amongst working equids. A better understanding of work equipment should therefore be promoted as part of wound prevention and animal welfare strategies.
Is dietary goal failure associated with goal-supportive policy attitudes?
Authors: Grelle Sonja , Nielsen Kristian S. , Kukowski Charlotte A. , Hofmann Wilhelm , Bauer Jan M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
To improve public health and promote environmental sustainability, widespread dietary changes are necessary in high-income countries. However, adopting and maintaining dietary goals is challenging and requires repeated self-regulation. Effective public policies can facilitate healthy food choices and reduce the likelihood of goal failure. This study examines the relationship between individuals’ dietary goal failures and their acceptance of public food policies, using data from an experience-sampling study (Ni = 409 and Nobs = 6,447). Regression analyses revealed that participants who experienced more frequent dietary goal failures were generally less accepting of health-promoting food policies and perceived them as less effective. Additionally, perceived policy effectiveness positively predicted policy acceptance. Exploratory analyses showed that the negative relationship between dietary goal failure and food policy acceptance varied depending on the type of intervention (pull policies vs push policies) and the location of food selections (home vs out-of-home). Notably, we found a positive relationship between dietary goal failure and acceptance of pull policies for food selections made out-of-home. These findings highlight the importance of better understanding the complex interplay between public policy attitudes, the food environment and adherence to dietary goals.
Predicting mobility aspirations in Lebanon and Turkey: a data-driven exploration using machine learning
Authors: Ruhnke Simon , Rischke Ramona 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The aspirations-ability framework proposed by Carling has begun to place the question of who aspires to migrate at the center of migration research. In this article, building on key determinants assumed to impact individual migration decisions, we investigate their prediction accuracy when observed in the same dataset and in different mixed-migration contexts. In particular, we use a rigorous model selection approach and develop a machine learning algorithm to analyze two original cross-sectional face-to-face surveys conducted in Turkey and Lebanon among Syrian migrants and their respective host populations in early 2021. Studying similar nationalities in two hosting contexts with a distinct history of both immigration and emigration and large shares of assumed-to-be mobile populations, we illustrate that a) (im)mobility aspirations are hard to predict even under ‘ideal’ methodological circumstances, b) commonly referenced “migration drivers” fail to perform well in predicting migration aspirations in our study contexts, while c) aspects relating to social cohesion, political representation and hope play an important role that warrants more emphasis in future research and policymaking. Methodologically, we identify key challenges in quantitative research on predicting migration aspirations and propose a novel modeling approach to address these challenges.
Is the Run, Hide, Fight Concept Effective in Improving Hospital Response to Shooting Incidents?: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rummaneethorn Natcha , Taubman Cara , Adamakos Frosso 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
The recent rise of active shootings calls for adequate preparation. Currently, the ‘Run, Hide, Fight’ concept is widely accepted and adopted by many hospitals nationwide. Unfortunately, the appropriateness of this concept in hospitals is uncertain due to lack of data. To understand the ‘Run, Hide, Fight’ concept application in hospital, a review of currently available data is needed.

Methods
A systematic review was done focusing on the ‘Run, Hide, Fight’ concept using multiple databases from the last 12 years. The PRISMA flow diagram was used to systematically select the articles based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The measurements were subjective evaluations and survival probabilities post-concept.

Results
One agent-based modeling study suggested a high survival probability in non-medical settings. However, there is a paucity of data supporting its effectiveness and applicability in hospitals. Literature suggests a better suitable concept, the ‘Secure, Preserve, Fight’ concept, as a response protocol to active shootings in hospitals.

Conclusion
The effectiveness of the ‘Run, Hide, Fight’ concept in hospitals is questionable. The ‘Secure, Preserve, Fight’ concept was found to be designed more specifically for hospitals and closes the gaps on the flaws in the ‘Run, Hide, Fight’ concept.
Comparison of the Utilization of Disaster Medical Assistance Teams (DMATs) and Multiple Physician-staffed Helicopters in Mass Casualty Responses
Authors: Yanagawa Youichi , Kanda Akio , Taniguchi Hiroaki , Muramatsu Ken-ichi , Sakai Tatsuro , Nagasawa Hiroki , Takeuchi Ikuto , Ohsaka Hiromichi , Omori Kazuhiko 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the differences between doctor helicopters (DHs) and disaster medical assistance teams (DMATs) based on past examples and the current situation in Shizuoka Prefecture.

Methods
First, we examined cases in Shizuoka Prefecture from 2014 to 2023, where incidents involving five or more injured individuals were simultaneously managed using multiple DHs. Next, we investigated the presence of DMATs in Shizuoka Prefecture and assessed their role in disaster responses within the prefecture.

Results
Since 2014, there have been eight incidents in Shizuoka Prefecture where multiple DHs were deployed to respond to mass casualties. In contrast, Shizuoka DMATs were placed on standby three times during the same period, with one active deployment during a disaster caused by a landslide in Atami. The other two cases were managed solely by DHs and ambulance teams.

Conclusion
Localized disasters in Shizuoka Prefecture have seen the effective use of multiple DHs for timely patient transportation, particularly when suitable weather conditions permit. In contrast, DMATs are primarily deployed for extended medical activities lasting more than one day. This differentiation highlights the importance of choosing the appropriate medical response approach based on the nature and scope of the disaster.
Hospital MCI Response Plan Analysis in a Low Resource Country After a Mass Casualty Incident: The Beirut Blast
Authors: Helou Mariana , Weinstein Eric S , Mouawad Yara , Khater Danielle Abou 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
Mass casualty incidents (MCIs) come unannounced, mandating the immediate shift from the daily routine to crisis mode through the implementation of an MCI response plan (plan). On August 4, 2020, a massive explosion devastated the Lebanese capital, Beirut, causing 8643 injuries and 200 deaths.1 The private Lebanese American University Medical Center in Beirut has an an estimated 10,000 emergency department (ED) visits per year. The purpose of this study is to analyse the plan of this private hospital in a low resource country in response to a blast MCI.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of the expected outcome of the pre-existing plan was performed.

Results
Major flaws were noted. Triage was impossible using the START method and will be done outside the ED dividing patients into walking and non-walking. Identification and registration of patients was impossible. Patients will be assigned a number and be registered later. Colored jackets were created to recognize response team members for better organization.t Radiologic imaging will be ordered only when they change the patients’ disposition.

Conclusion
This analysis showed failure of the plan at different levels and adjustments were made to advance the plan. Periodic exercises and annual review are needed for continuous improvement.
Virtual Reality Simulation for Assessment of Hemorrhage Control and SALT Triage Accuracy in First Responders
Authors: Kman Nicholas E , Panchal Ashish R , Patterson Jeremy , Danforth Douglas , Mani Ashutosh , Babbitt David , Hyde Jacob N , Pippen Brian , de Visser Ewart , McVay Jennifer 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
Hemorrhage control, triage efficiency, and triage accuracy are essential skills for optimal outcomes in mass casualty incidents. This study evaluated user application of skills through a Virtual Reality (VR) simulation of a subway bombing.

Methods
EMS clinicians and healthcare professionals engaged in a VR simulation of a bomb/blast scenario utilizing VRFirstResponder, a high-fidelity, fully immersive, automated, customizable, and programmable VR simulation platform. Metrics including time to control life-threatening hemorrhage and triage efficacy were analyzed using median and interquartile ranges (IQR).

Results
389 EMS responders engaged in this high-fidelity VR simulation encountering 11 virtual patients with varying injury severity. The median time to triage the scene was 7:38 minutes (SD = 2:27, IQR = 6:13, 8:59). A robust 93% of participants successfully implemented all required hemorrhage control, with a median time of 3:51 minutes for life-threatening hemorrhage control (SD = 1:44, IQR = 2:41, 4:52). Hemorrhage control per patient took a median of 11 seconds (SD = 0:47, IQR = 0:06, 0:20). Participants accurately tagged 73% of patients and 17% effectively utilized the SALT sort commands for optimal patient evaluation.

Conclusion
The VRFirstResponder simulation, currently under validation, aims to enhance realism by incorporating distractors and refining assessment tools.
Hospital Based Shootings 2000–2019
Authors: Rizer Nicholas W , Chang Alexander H , Jasani Gregory , HSD Grace Jiang , Iuliucci Kayla , Hsu Edbert 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine the incidence and characteristics of hospital-based gun violence from 2000–2019.

Methods
A keyword-based search of the Nexis Uni database was conducted to identify hospital based shootings ((“shooting” w/5 “healthcare”) OR (“shooting” w/5 “health care”) OR (“shooting” w/5 “hospital”) OR (“shooting” w/5 “emergency room”) OR (“shooting” w/5 “ER”). Hospital based shootings were defined as any firearms discharge that occurred on hospital grounds in which at least one person was injured. Specialty hospitals and other healthcare facilities were excluded. Demographic, motive, and outcome data from news articles were abstracted by 2 independent reviewers with discrepancies resolved by a third reviewer. Motives were categorized according to a previously published classification schema.

Results
We identified 146 hospital-based shootings. 88 shootings have occurred since 2010. 133 of the shooters were male (91%), with a median age of 46. 77 (53%) shooters were killed, 49 from suicide (34%). Shootings were most frequently motivated by social violence (n=32, 22%).

Conclusions
Hospital-based shootings are not a rare occurrence, with middle-aged male shooters as the most common perpetrators. These events appear to be increasing over time and evidence-based mitigation strategies should be investigated.