bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le Marchand de Venise : le pari et la dette, le jeu et la loi
Authors: Ost François 
Published: February 2018

Le Marchand de Venise est tenu, à raison, pour une des pièces les plus juridiques de W. Shakespeare, avec Mesure pour mesure. Au coeur du débat, la fameuse clause pénale que l’armateur vénitien Antonio se laisse imposer par le prêteur juif de la place, Shylock : une livre de chair prélevée sur son propre corps, en cas de défaut de paiement. On en retient généralement la tirade de Portia plaidant en faveur de la miséricorde (mercy) du prêteur. Et on lit la pièce comme l’illustration du procès éternel entre la lettre et l’esprit, le formalisme juridique et l’équité. La présente contribution entend discuter cette interprétation traditionnelle en replaçant l’intrigue dans son contexte socio-historique : le casino vénitien, ses jeux de séduction et de pouvoir, et le nécessaire financement des aventures d’Antonio par le ghetto. Mais au-delà de l’analyse juridique et du décryptage sociologique, c’est d’une lecture anthropologique que relève l’écriture de Shakespeare. On comprend alors la pièce comme un affrontement de passions juridiques radicalisées. Pour Shylock, le billet à ordre, assorti de la fameuse clause, est l’occasion d’assouvir enfin une vengeance nourrie d’un ressentiment séculaire. Pour Antonio, joueur invétéré, toute l’affaire est l’occasion de jouer son ultime « va-tout » et de jouir à l’avance d’une partie de « qui perd gagne » — car un armateur vénitien ne peut pas perdre, n’est-ce pas, face à un prêteur juif.
La idea de tradición en la estética de Jan Mukarovsky
Authors: Sanz García Raúl 
Published: February 2018

El presente artículo rastrea el uso de la idea de tradición en la estética de Jan Mukarovsky. Dicha idea no aparece entre sus principales conceptos, pero su identificación con la idea de estructura la coloca en un lugar prominente para captar el aspecto social y dinámico de los hechos estéticos y artísticos. A través del análisis de los hitos más significativos de la obra de Mukarovsky –la estructura, la norma, el valor, la función estética, el objeto estético, la recepción y la intencionalidad–, se alumbra una noción de tradición viva como proceso estructural desde el cual comprender los cambios históricos en las prácticas artísticas. A partir de ahí, es posible establecer una dialéctica entre lo tradicional y lo innovador, entre prácticas que afirman las normas y aquellas que las transgreden. El resultado es una idea de tradición como estructura dinámica y flexible no solo capaz de asimilar las transgresiones, sino necesaria para estas se den. This article looks into the use of the idea of tradition in Jan Muka?ovský’s aesthetics. This idea doesn’t appear as one of his principal concepts, but its identification with the idea of structure places it in a prominent position to research the social and dynamic aspect of the aesthetics and artistic phenomena. Through the analysis of the principal elements of Muka?ovský’s thought –structure, norm, value, aesthetic function, aesthetic object, reception and intentionality–, we can illuminate a notion of living tradition as a structural process from which to understand the historical changes of the artistic practices. Hereupon, is possible to establish a dialectic relation between tradition andinnovation, between practices that maintains the norms and those which transgresses them. The conclusion is an idea of tradition as a dynamicand flexible structure not only able to assimilate transgression, but also necessary for it.
De la visión y el espanto: el tacto suspendido y la experiencia ante el límite
Authors: Torres Sánchez Rayiv David 
Published: February 2018

En la pintura del pintor bogotano Epifanio Garay (1849-1903), “La mujer del Levita”, la fascinación y el espanto entran en escena. El acto representado da pie para formular un diálogo con lo que sugería Pascal Quignard cuando decía que para los romanos “el sexo estaba ligado al espanto”. A partir de esta premisa, las próximas páginas se proponen dialogar con todo aquello que para los antiguos prefiguraba la interdicción ante todo cadáver: “no tocar”. Sin embargo, se verá que todo se juega en el momento en que, en la escena de la pintura, el tacto se suspende y la prohibición es puesta en suspenso. La mirada del horror, la mirada tautológica, los ojos del éxtasis, son algunos de los canales de entrada de este artículo para descubrir lo que yace detrás de una escena donde las posiciones no son estables y la mirada es discontinua. El gusto romano por “la bella muerte”, o bien, lo que Georges Bataille llamó la “nostalgia por la muerte”, dibuja para nosotros un paradigma con respecto a la sospecha de un lazo, no sólo entre la fascinación, la belleza, la muerte y el erotismo, sino también la prescripción de las imágenes que preservan para sí lo irrepresentable.In the painting of bogotan painter Epifanio Garay (1849-1903), “The woman of the Levite”, fascination and horror come into scene. The act helps developing a dialogue with the suggesting argument of Pascal Quignard when he said that forRomans “sex was linked to the terror”. From this premise, the following pages are proposed dialogue with all what the ancient foreshadowed the ban primarily corpse: “do not touch”. However, will be that everything is played at the time, on the stage of the painting, touch is suspended and the ban is put on hold. The look of horror, the tautological look, the eyes of ecstasy, are some of the channels of entry of this article to discover what lies behind a scene where the positions are not stable and the eyes is discontinuous. The Roman taste for“beautiful death”, or, what Georges Bataille called “nostalgia for death”, draws for us a paradigm with respect to the suspicion of a loop, not just among the fascination, beauty, death and eroticism, but also prescription of the images that preserve for himself the unrepresentable.
Épica en el arte: el caso de la canción de autor
Authors: Sierra Fernández Gustavo 
Published: February 2018

Existe el concepto de épica que todo el mundo conoce más o menos: las hazañas heroicas de una persona individual. Pero debajo de él subyacen otras concepciones, como es la lucha cotidiana de héroes anónimos que se enfrentan cada día a su existencia, y que en cuanto dichas luchas tienen rasgos comunes entre personas parecidas, se convierte en una epopeya; también es concebible como la lucha histórica de un grupo marinado por el reconocimiento de sus derechos y su supervivencia. El arte se ha ocupado de estas otras nociones, especialmentea partir del siglo XIX, con el surgimiento de lo social en él, tratando de dotar a esas personas de dignidad histórica. En estas páginas, examinaremos el caso especial de la canción de autor surgida entre los años 60 y 70. There is the concept of epic known by the most: the heroic feats of one individual person. But under that, other conceptions underlies, as the dailyfight of anonymous heroes who face to their existence every day, and, as those struggles have some common characteristics between similar people, itturns into epos; also is conceivable as the historic struggle of emarginated group for the recognition of their rights and survivor. Art has looked after these notions, specially after XIX century, with the rising of the social matter on it, trying to give historical dignity to those people. Along these pages, we shall examine the special case of the Spanish protest song, rising between the 60s and the 70s.
Sturm und Drang. El drama del genio y Shakespeare
Authors: García Vázquez Milagros 
Published: February 2018

El objetivo de este artículo es exponer los vínculos existentes entre el arte dramático y el origen del movimiento literario alemán Sturm und Drang a partir de la propia denominación inspirada en el título de una obra teatral y de la figura de Shakespeare como prototipo del genio, siendo éste uno de los conceptos capitales en la poética de los componentes de dicho grupo literario. De este modo, las artes escénicas se presentan como marco para una de las corrientes de pensamiento estético que prepararán el terreno al Romanticismo, así como de uno de los grandes impulsos en el desarrollo del sujeto moderno, como es el Sturm und Drang.
Decision‐Making for Systemic Water Risks: Insights From a Participatory Risk Assessment Process in Vietnam
Authors: Wyrwoll Paul R. , Grafton R. Quentin , Daniell Katherine A. , Chu Hoang Long , Ringler Claudia , Lien Le Thi Ha , Khoi Dang Kim , Do Thang Nam , Tuan Nguyen Do Anh 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSystemic threats to food‐energy‐environment‐water systems require national policy responses. Yet complete control of these complex systems is impossible and attempts to mitigate systemic risks can generate unexpected feedback effects. Perverse outcomes from national policy can emerge from the diverse responses of decision‐makers across different levels and scales of resource governance. Participatory risk assessment processes can help planners to understand subnational dynamics and ensure that policies do not undermine the resilience of social‐ecological systems and infrastructure networks. Researchers can play an important role in participatory processes as both technical specialists and brokers of stakeholder knowledge on the feedbacks generated by systemic risks and policy decisions. Here, we evaluate the use of causal modeling and participatory risk assessment to develop national policy on systemic water risks. We present an application of the Risks and Options Assessment for Decision‐Making (ROAD) process to a district of Vietnam where national agricultural water reforms are being piloted. The methods and results of this project provide general insights about how to support resilient decision‐making, including the transfer of knowledge across administrative levels, identification of feedback effects, and the effective implementation of risk assessment processes.
Multiscale Currents Observed by MMS in the Flow Braking Region
Authors: Nakamura Rumi , Varsani Ali , Genestreti Kevin J. , Le Contel Olivier , Nakamura Takuma , Baumjohann Wolfgang , Nagai Tsugunobu , Artemyev Anton , Birn Joachim , Sergeev Victor A. , Apatenkov Sergey , Ergun Robert E. , Fuselier Stephen A. , Gershman Daniel J. , Giles Barbara J. , Khotyaintsev Yuri V. , Lindqvist Per‐Arne , Magnes Werner , Mauk Barry , Petrukovich Anatoli , Russell Christopher T. , Stawarz Julia , Strangeway Robert J. , Anderson Brian , Burch James L. , Bromund Ken R. , Cohen Ian , Fischer David , Jaynes Allison , Kepko Laurence , Le Guan , Plaschke Ferdinand , Reeves Geoff , Singer Howard J. , Slavin James A. , Torbert Roy B. , Turner Drew L. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe present characteristics of current layers in the off‐equatorial near‐Earth plasma sheet boundary observed with high time‐resolution measurements from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission during an intense substorm associated with multiple dipolarizations. The four Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft, separated by distances of about 50 km, were located in the southern hemisphere in the dusk portion of a substorm current wedge. They observed fast flow disturbances (up to about 500 km/s), most intense in the dawn‐dusk direction. Field‐aligned currents were observed initially within the expanding plasma sheet, where the flow and field disturbances showed the distinct pattern expected in the braking region of localized flows. Subsequently, intense thin field‐aligned current layers were detected at the inner boundary of equatorward moving flux tubes together with Earthward streaming hot ions. Intense Hall current layers were found adjacent to the field‐aligned currents. In particular, we found a Hall current structure in the vicinity of the Earthward streaming ion jet that consisted of mixed ion components, that is, hot unmagnetized ions, cold E × B drifting ions, and magnetized electrons. Our observations show that both the near‐Earth plasma jet diversion and the thin Hall current layers formed around the reconnection jet boundary are the sites where diversion of the perpendicular currents take place that contribute to the observed field‐aligned current pattern as predicted by simulations of reconnection jets. Hence, multiscale structure of flow braking is preserved in the field‐aligned currents in the off‐equatorial plasma sheet and is also translated to ionosphere to become a part of the substorm field‐aligned current system.
On the Occurrence of Afternoon Counter Electrojet Over Indian Longitudes During June Solstice in Solar Minimum
Authors: Pandey Kuldeep , Sekar R. , Anandarao B. G. , Gupta S. P. , Chakrabarty D. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractStudies made earlier using ground‐based observations of geomagnetic field over the Indian longitudes revealed that the occurrence of equatorial counter electrojet (CEJ) events in afternoon hours is more frequent during June solstice (May‐June‐July‐August) in solar minimum than in other periods. In general, the June solstice solar minimum CEJ events occur between 1500 local time (LT) and 1800 LT with peak strength of about −10 nT at around 1600 LT. In order to understand the frequent occurrence of these CEJ events, an investigation is carried out using an equatorial electrojet model (Anandarao, 1976, https://doi.org/10.1029/GL003i009p00545) and the empirical vertical drift model by Fejer et al. (2008, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JA012801). The strength, duration, peak value, and the occurrence time of CEJ obtained using electrojet model match remarkably well with the corresponding observation of average geomagnetic field variations. The occurrence of CEJ is found to be due to solar quiet (Sq) electric field in the westward direction which is manifested as downward drift in Fejer et al. (2008, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JA012801) model output during 1500–1800 LT. Further, the occurrence of afternoon reversal of Sq electric field in this season is shown to be consistent with earlier studies from Indian sector. Therefore, this investigation provides explicit evidence for the role of westward Sq electric field on the generation of afternoon CEJ during June solstice in solar minimum periods over the Indian sector indicating the global nature of these CEJ events.
Large‐Scale Survey of the Structure of the Dayside Magnetopause by MMS
Authors: Paschmann G. , Haaland S. E. , Phan T. D. , Sonnerup B. U. Ö. , Burch J. L. , Torbert R. B. , Gershman D. J. , Dorelli J. C. , Giles B. L. , Pollock C. , Saito Y. , Lavraud B. , Russell C. T. , Strangeway R. J. , Baumjohann W. , Fuselier S. A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis paper describes the generation and initial utilization of a database containing 80 vector and scalar quantities, for a total of 8,670 magnetopause and magnetosheath current sheet crossings by MMS1, using plasma and magnetic field data from the Fast Plasma Investigation, Fluxgate Magnetometer, and Hot Plasma Composition Analyzer instruments, augmented by solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field data from CDAWeb. Based on a determination of the current sheet width, measured and calculated vector and scalar quantities are stored for the two sides of the current sheet and for selected times within the current sheet. The only manual operations were the classification of the current sheets according to the type of boundary, the character of the magnetic field transition, and the quality of the current sheet fit. To characterize the database, histograms of selected key quantities are presented. We then give the statistics for the duration, motion, and thicknesses of the magnetopause current sheet, using single‐spacecraft techniques for the determination of the normal velocities, obtaining median results of 12.9 s, 38.5 km/s, and 705.4 km, respectively. When scaled to the ion inertial length, the median thickness became 12.6; there were no thicknesses less than one. Next, we apply the Walén relation to find crossings that are rotational discontinuities and thus may indicate ongoing magnetic reconnection. For crossings where the velocities in the outflow region exceed the velocity on the magnetosheath side by at least 250 km/s, 47% meet our rotational discontinuity criteria. If we require the outflow to exceed 250 km/s along the L direction, then the percentage rises to 68%.
Investigating the Uncertainty in Global SST Trends Due to Internal Variations Using an Improved Trend Estimator
Authors: Lian Tao , Shen Zheqi , Ying Jun , Tang Youmin , Li Junde , Ling Zheng 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA new criterion was proposed recently to measure the influence of internal variations on secular trends in a time series. When the magnitude of the trend is greater than a theoretical threshold that scales the influence from internal variations, the sign of the estimated trend can be interpreted as the underlying long‐term change. Otherwise, the sign may depend on the period chosen. An improved least squares method is developed here to further reduce the theoretical threshold and is applied to eight sea surface temperature (SST) data sets covering the period 1881–2013 to investigate whether there are robust trends in global SSTs. It is found that the warming trends in the western boundary regions, the South Atlantic, and the tropical and southern‐most Indian Ocean are robust. However, robust trends are not found in the North Pacific, the North Atlantic, or the South Indian Ocean. The globally averaged SST and Indian Ocean Dipole indices are found to have robustly increased, whereas trends in the zonal SST gradient across the equatorial Pacific, Niño 3.4 SST, and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation indices are within the uncertainty range associated with internal variations. These results indicate that great care is required when interpreting SST trends using the available records in certain regions and indices. It is worth noting that the theoretical threshold can be strongly influenced by low‐frequency oscillations, and the above conclusions are based on the assumption that trends are linear. Caution should be exercised when applying the theoretical threshold criterion to real data.
Contrasting Heat Budget Dynamics During Two La Niña Marine Heat Wave Events Along Northwestern Australia
Authors: Xu Jiangtao , Lowe Ryan J. , Ivey Gregory N. , Jones Nicole L. , Zhang Zhenling 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTwo marine heat wave events along Western Australia (WA) during the alternate austral summer periods of 2010/2011 and 2012/2013, both linked to La Niña conditions, severely impacted marine ecosystems over more than 12° of latitude, which included the unprecedented bleaching of many coral reefs. Although these two heat waves were forced by similar large‐scale climate drivers, the warming patterns differed substantially between events. The central coast of WA (south of 22°S) experienced greater warming in 2010/2011, whereas the northwestern coast of WA experienced greater warming in 2012/2013. To investigate how oceanic and atmospheric heat exchange processes drove these different spatial patterns, an analysis of the ocean heat budget was conducted by integrating remote sensing observations, in situ mooring data, and a high‐resolution (∼1 km) ocean circulation model (Regional Ocean Modeling System). The results revealed substantial spatial differences in the relative contributions made by heat advection and air‐sea heat exchange between the two heat wave events. During 2010/2011, anomalous warming driven by heat advection was present throughout the region but was much stronger south of 22°S where the poleward‐flowing Leeuwin Current strengthens. During 2012/2013, air‐sea heat exchange had a much more positive (warming) influence on sea surface temperatures (especially in the northwest), and when combined with a more positive contribution of heat advection in the north, this can explain the regional differences in warming between these two La Niña‐associated marine heat wave events.
Origins of Eddy Kinetic Energy in the Bay of Bengal
Authors: Chen Gengxin , Li Yuanlong , Xie Qiang , Wang Dongxiao 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBy analyzing satellite observational data and ocean general circulation model experiments, this study investigates the key processes that determine the spatial distribution and seasonality of intraseasonal eddy kinetic energy (EKE) within the Bay of Bengal (BOB). It is revealed that a complicated mechanism involving both local and remote wind forcing and ocean internal instability is responsible for the generation and modulation of EKE in this region. High‐level EKE mainly resides in four regions: east of Sri Lanka (Region 1), the western BOB (Region 2), northwest of Sumatra (Region 3), and the coastal rim of the BOB (Region 4). The high EKE levels in Regions 1 and 2 are predominantly produced by ocean internal instability, which contributes 90% and 79%, respectively. Prominent seasonality is also observed in these two regions, with higher EKE levels in boreal spring and fall due to enhanced instability of the East Indian Coast Current and the Southwest Monsoon Current, respectively. In contrast, ocean internal instability contributes 49% and 52% of the total EKE in Regions 3 and 4, respectively, whereas the atmospheric forcing of intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) also plays an important role. ISOs produce EKE mainly through wind stress, involving both the remote effect of equatorial winds and the local effect of monsoonal winds. Equatorial‐origin wave signals significantly enhance the EKE levels in Regions 3 and 4, in the form of reflected Rossby waves and coastal Kelvin waves, respectively. The local wind forcing effect through Ekman pumping also has a significant contribution in Regions 3 and 4 (24% and 22%, respectively).
Quantitative evaluation of the performance of different deformable image registration algorithms in helical, axial, and cone‐beam CT images using a mobile phantom
Authors: Ali Imad , Alsbou Nesreen , Jaskowiak Justin , Ahmad Salahuddin 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe goal of this project is to investigate quantitatively the performance of different deformable image registration algorithms (DIR) with helical (HCT), axial (ACT), and cone‐beam CT (CBCT). The variations in the CT‐number values and lengths of well‐known targets moving with controlled motion were evaluated. Four DIR algorithms: Demons, Fast‐Demons, Horn‐Schunck and Lucas‐Kanade were used to register intramodality CT images of a mobile phantom scanned with different imaging techniques. The phantom had three water‐equivalent targets inserted in a low‐density foam with different lengths (10–40 mm) and moved with adjustable motion amplitudes (0–20 mm) and frequencies (0–0.5 Hz). The variations in the CT‐number level, volumes and shapes of these targets were measured from the spread‐out of the CT‐number distributions. In CBCT, most of the DIR algorithms were able to produce the actual lengths of the mobile targets; however, the CT‐number values obtained from the DIR algorithms deviated from the actual CT‐number of the targets. In HCT, the DIR algorithms were successful in deforming the images of the mobile targets to the images of the stationary targets producing the CT‐number values and lengths of the targets for motion amplitudes <20 mm. Similarly in ACT, all DIR algorithms produced the actual CT‐number values and lengths of the stationary targets for low‐motion amplitudes <15 mm. The optical flow‐based DIR algorithms such as the Horn‐Schunck and Lucas‐Kanade performed better than the Demons and Fast‐Demons that are based on attraction forces particularly at large motion amplitudes. In conclusion, most of the DIR algorithms did not reproduce well the CT‐number values and lengths of the targets in images that have artifacts induced by large motion amplitudes. The deviations in the CT‐number values and variations in the volume of the mobile targets in the deformed CT images produced by the different DIR algorithms need to be considered carefully in the treatment planning for accurate dose calculation dose coverage of the tumor, and sparing of critical structures.