bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Kinesio Taping and McConnell Taping Techniques in the Management of Anterior Knee Pain
Authors: Kakar Rumit S. , Greenberger Hilary B. , McKeon Patrick O. 
Published: December 2018

Context: Anterior knee pain also known as patellofemoral pain syndrome is a frequently encountered musculoskeletal disorder that worsens with activity. The multifactorial etiology of patellofemoral pain syndrome alters lower-extremity mechanics, increasing patellofemoral joint stresses during weight-bearing tasks. Kinesio and McConnell tapings are often incorporated into the treatment, but their efficacy is still unclear. Objective: To test the efficacy of Kinesio taping, McConnell taping, and sham taping in improving knee mechanics and reducing pain during activity. Design: Cross-sectional design. Setting: Clinical biomechanics laboratory. Participants: Ten participants (age: 20.3 [1.5] y, height: 169.9 [10.4] cm, and mass: 70.17 [13.1] kg) with anterior knee pain and no history of trauma. Intervention: Three trials each of squat, drop jump, and step-down tasks with 3 taping conditions in a counterbalanced order. Main Outcome Measures: Two-dimensional motion capture data of lower-extremities in frontal and sagittal planes were recorded and analyzed using 3 iPads and Spark Motion® application. Pooled effect sizes (Hedges’ g), 95% confidence intervals, and repeated-measures analysis of variance (P < .05) compared baseline and taping conditions during exercises for pain Visual Analog Scale and knee flexion in all exercises, hip abduction during step-down and drop jump, frontal plane projection during step-downs, and knee translation in sagittal plane during squats. Results: Significant reductions in Visual Analog Scale were recorded during squats between tapes (F2.505,12.867 = 3.407, P = .04, Hedges’ g = −0.70). Pairwise comparison showed a decrease in Visual Analog Scale for sham taping (mean difference = 1.14 cm, P = .01) and Kinesio taping (mean difference = 1.54 cm, P = .02) compared with baseline during squats. Conclusions: A variety of taping methods can potentially reduce perceived pain in individuals with patellofemoral pain syndrome, allowing clinicians to perform rehabilitation exercises. Sensory effects associated with short-term taping may be sufficient enough to modify knee pain acutely by afferent input blocking nocioceptive pain before the participants could adapt. Most interestingly, the sham taping technique demonstrated promise for enhancing functional outcomes, depending on the length of the tape and area covered.
Effective Treatment for Chronic Ankle Instability During Lateral Step-Down—Kinesiology Tape, Resistance Exercise, or Both Accompanied With Heel Raise-Lower Exercise?
Authors: Lee Ji-Hyun , Yoon Tae-Lim 
Published: December 2018

Context: Kinesiology tape (KT), multidirectional resistance exercise, and interventions for decreased ankle dorsiflexion range of motion are gaining popularity in the treatment of patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI). However, there is limited evidence of the effectiveness of combined interventions in patients with CAI. Objectives: To compare the effects of KT alone, KT with resistance exercise (KT + resistance), and KT with resistance and heel raise-lower exercise (KT + resistance + heel) on the results of the dynamic balance test (star excursion balance test [SEBT]), functional performance (lateral step-down test), and ankle muscle activation in patients with CAI. Design and Setting: This study used a repeated-measures design in a laboratory setting. Main Outcome Measures: The participants completed 3 different interventions with a 24-hour rest period between interventions. The SEBT, lateral step-down test, and ankle muscle activation results were used as the outcome measures. All outcomes were assessed before and immediately after the 3 interventions. Results: The results of the SEBT-anteromedial direction significantly increased with KT + resistance (78.61 [16.11] cm, P = .01, ES = 0.50) and KT + resistance + heel (76.94 [16.00] cm, P = .03, ES = 0.33) in comparison with the baseline values (73.68 [12.84] cm). Additionally, the result of the SEBT-anteromedial direction was significantly greater with KT + resistance (78.61 [16.11] cm) than with KT alone (76.00 [14.90] cm, P = .05, ES = 0.18). The number of errors during the lateral step-down test was significantly lower for the KT alone (2.16 [0.90] errors, P = .02, ES = 0.46), KT + resistance (2.10 [0.79] errors, P = .01, ES = 0.54), and KT + resistance + heel (2.03 [0.75] errors, P = .003, ES = 0.61) interventions than the baseline values (2.55 [0.85] errors). Conclusions: Patients with CAI should be encouraged to perform KT + resistance to improve balance.
Comparison of Myofascial Release Techniques on Pectoralis Minor Length, Glenohumeral Total Arc of Motion, and Skin Temperature: A Pilot Study
Authors: Rivera Matthew , Eberman Lindsey , Games Kenneth , Powden Cameron J. 
Published: December 2018

Context: The pectoralis minor (PM) is an important postural muscle that may benefit from myofascial techniques, such as Graston Technique® (GT) and self-myofascial release (SMR). Objective: To examine the effects of GT and SMR on PM length, glenohumeral total arc of motion (TAM), and skin temperature. Design: Cohort. Setting: Laboratory. Participants: Twenty-six healthy participants (19 females and 7 males; age = 20.9 [2.24] y, height = 170.52 [8.66] cm, and weight = 72.45 [12.32] kg) with PM length restriction participated. Interventions: Participants were randomized to the intervention groups (GT = 12 and SMR = 14). GT and SMR interventions were both applied for a total of 5 minutes during each of the 3 treatment sessions. Main Outcome Measures: PM length, TAM, and skin temperature were collected before and after each intervention session (Pre1, Post1, Pre2, Post2, Pre3, and Post3) and at 1-week follow-up (follow-up). Separate intervention by time analyses of variance examined differences for each outcomes measure. Bonferroni post hoc analyses were completed when indicated. Significance was set a priori at P ≤ .05. Results: No significant intervention by time interactions were identified for PM length, TAM, or temperature (P > .05). No significant intervention main effects were identified for PM length (P > .05), TAM (P > .05), or temperature (P > .05) between the GT or SMR technique groups. Overall, time main effects were found for PM length (P = .02) and temperature (P < .001). Post hoc analysis showed a significant increase in PM length for both intervention groups at follow-up (P = .03) compared with Post2. Furthermore, there were significant increases in temperature at Post1 (P < .001), Post2 (P = .01), and Post3 (P < .001) compared with Pre1; Post2 was increased compared with Pre2 (P = .003), Pre3 (P < .001), and follow-up (P = .01); Post3 increased compared with Pre3 (P = .01) and follow-up (P = .01). Conclusion: Serial application of GT and SMR to the PM did not result in increases in PM length or TAM. Regardless of intervention, skin temperature increased following each intervention.
Evaluation of vascular changes in intermediate uveitis and retinal vasculitis using swept-source wide-field optical coherence tomography angiography
Authors: Tian Meng , Tappeiner Christoph , Zinkernagel Martin S , Huf Wolfgang , Wolf Sebastian , Munk Marion R 
Published: December 2018

PurposeTo evaluate vascular changes in patients with intermediate uveitis with or without retinal vasculitis using swept-source wide-field optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).MethodsThis is a prospective cross-sectional study. Consecutive patients with intermediate uveitis were evaluated using wide-field OCTA. Wide-field OCTA and en-face OCT images were analysed for the presence of capillary non-perfusion and reduced perfusion, disruption of ellipsoid zone, and abnormalities on en-face wide-field retinal thickness maps, respectively, and compared with fluorescein angiography (FA) findings in a subcohort.Results164 eyes of 88 patients with intermediate uveitis were included. Areas of capillary non-perfusion and reduced perfusion were more frequently observed in the choroidal OCTA slab (33.3% and 49.4%), choriocapillaris (CC; 31.4% and 48%) and deep capillary plexus (DCP; 9.6% and 34.6%) than in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP; 5% and 26.3%), respectively. Intermediate uveitis with vasculitis presented more frequently with non-perfusion and hypoperfusion in the DCP (p=0.003 and p=0.05, respectively) and SCP (p=0.007 and p=0.005, respectively) than intermediate uveitis without vasculitis. Peripheral capillary leakage on FA correlated with the presence of perivascular, macular and generalised thickening on en-face wide-field thickness maps (p=0.007). Ischaemia on FA was significantly associated with non-perfusion on wide-field OCTA in SCP and DCP (p=0.019 and p=0.027, respectively).ConclusionChanges in the choroid, CC and DCP are more frequently found than in the SCP on wide-field OCTA in intermediate uveitis. While wide-field OCTA is a reliable tool to detect capillary non-perfusion in intermediate uveitis, it was not helpful in determining disease activity.Trial registration numberNCT02811536.
Optimal dose of succinylcholine for laryngeal mask airway insertion: systematic review, meta-analysis and metaregression of randomised control trials
Authors: Liao Alan Hsi-Wen , Lin Yu-Cih , Bai Chyi-Huey , Chen Chien-Yu 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesTo evaluate the optimal dose of succinylcholine for laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion and all related morbidities.DesignSystematic review, meta-analysis and metaregression of randomised controlled trials (RCTs).Data source and study eligibility criteriaA comprehensive search of RCTs in the PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and the ClinicalTrials.gov registry up to July 2016 and articles that evaluated the use of succinylcholine chloride for LMA insertion were included in the analyses. The relative risk (RR) and the corresponding 95% CIs were determined.InterventionSuccinylcholine as the coinduction agent and the doses were divided into mini (≤0.3 mg/kg) and low (0.3–1.0 mg/kg) doses for dose-dependent effect analyses.Primary and secondary outcomesThe primary outcome was the first-attempt LMA insertion failure rate. Secondary outcomes included all related adverse events.ResultsData from 10 RCTs comprising 625 participants showed that succinylcholine reduced the first-attempt LMA insertion failure rate (RR, 0.22; 95% CI 0.12 to 0.43), coughing and gagging (RR, 0.26; 95% CI 0.15 to 0.45) and laryngospasm (RR, 0.14; 95% CI 0.05 to 0.39). The use of succinylcholine did not result in a significant increase of postoperative myalgia (RR, 2.58; 95% CI 0.79 to 8.44) and did not reduce the risk of postoperative sore throat (RR, 0.76; 95% CI 0.55 to 1.03). Subgroup analysis further showed that low-dose succinylcholine reduced the LMA insertion failure rate and its related coughing and gagging when compared with mini dose.ConclusionThe use of succinylcholine compared with none can facilitate LMA insertion and reduce insertion-related reflexes without significant postoperative myalgia. However, additional prospective studies with a larger sample size are required to fully evaluate the dose-dependent effect and complications of succinylcholine for LMA insertion.
Integrating the perspectives of individuals with spinal cord injuries, their family caregivers and healthcare professionals from the time of rehabilitation admission to community reintegration: protocol for a scoping study on SCI needs
Authors: Moreno Alexander , Zidarov Diana , Raju Chandhana , Boruff Jill , Ahmed Sara 
Published: December 2018

IntroductionThere is fragmented information about the different needs following a spinal cord injury (SCI). Expressed SCI needs can be met or unmet, they change along the rehabilitation continuum (eg, acute, rehabilitation and reintegration into the community) and can be different for traumatic and non traumatic SCI. The general objective of this scoping study is to evaluate and integrate the needs of individuals with traumatic and non-traumatic SCI, their family caregivers and those reported by rehabilitation professionals from the time of rehabilitation admission to community reintegration. The specific objectives are to: (A) synthesise the needs of individuals with SCI as perceived by themselves, their family caregivers and rehabilitation professionals using two theoretical models, (B) classify needs as met and unmet, (C) explore the evolution of met/unmet needs from the time of rehabilitation admission to community reintegration and (D) provide recommendations to improve SCI care.Methods and analysis(A) identifying the most frequent met and unmet needs reported by adults with traumatic and non-traumatic SCI, their family caregivers and their rehabilitation professionals from the time of rehabilitation admission to community reintegration; (B) identifying relevant studies with a search in electronic databases; (C) charting the data based on categories refined and adjusted with a stakeholder group; (D) collating, summarising and reporting the results using two analytical frameworks (Maslow's hierarchical model of human needs and the Ferranset al's model of health-related quality of life) and (E) a stakeholder consultation phase.Ethics and disseminationThe results of this scoping study will allow understanding SCI needs from the time of rehabilitation admission to community reintegration from the perspective of different stakeholders. An integrated master report combining the needs of individuals with SCI from the perspectives of different stakeholders from the time of rehabilitation admission to community reintegration will follow the consultation meetings.
Improving risk factor management for patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes: a systematic review of healthcare interventions in primary care and community settings
Authors: Murphy Mark E , Byrne Molly , Galvin Rose , Boland Fiona , Fahey Tom , Smith Susan M 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesPoorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major international health problem. Our aim was to assess the effectiveness of healthcare interventions, specifically targeting patients with poorly controlled T2DM, which seek to improve glycaemic control and cardiovascular risk in primary care settings.DesignSystematic review.SettingPrimary care and community settings.Included studiesRandomised controlled trials (RCTs) targeting patients with poor glycaemic control were identified from Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and SCOPUS. Poor glycaemic control was defined as HbA1c over 59 mmol/mol (7.5%).InterventionsInterventions were classified as organisational, patient-oriented, professional, financial or regulatory.OutcomesPrimary outcomes were HbA1c, blood pressure and lipid control. Two reviewers independently assessed studies for eligibility, extracted data and assessed study quality. Meta-analyses were undertaken where appropriate using random-effects models. Subgroup analysis explored the effects of intervention type, baseline HbA1c, study quality and study duration. Meta-regression analyses were undertaken to investigate identified heterogeneity.ResultsForty-two RCTs were identified, including 11 250 patients, with most undertaken in USA. In general, studies had low risk of bias. The main intervention types were patient-directed (48%) and organisational (48%). Overall, interventions reduced HbA1c by −0.34% (95% CI −0.46% to −0.22%), but meta-analyses had high statistical heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses suggested that organisational interventions and interventions on those with baseline HbA1c over 9.5% had better improvements in HbA1c. Meta-regression analyses suggested that only interventions on those with population HbA1c over 9.5% were more effective. Interventions had a modest improvement of blood pressure and lipids, although baseline levels of control were generally good.ConclusionsThis review suggests that interventions for T2DM, in primary care, are better targeted at individuals with very poor glycaemic control and that organisational interventions may be more effective.
Occupational variation in incidence of bladder cancer: a comparison of population-representative cohorts from Nordic countries and Canada
Authors: Hadkhale Kishor , MacLeod Jill , Demers Paul A , Martinsen Jan Ivar , Weiderpass Elisabete , Kjaerheim Kristina , Lynge Elsebeth , Sparen Pär , Tryggvadottir Laufey , Anne Harris M , Tjepkema Michael , Peters Paul A , Pukkala Eero 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to compare occupational variation of the risk of bladder cancer in the Nordic countries and Canada.MethodsIn the Nordic Occupational Cancer study (NOCCA), 73 653 bladder cancer cases were observed during follow-up of 141.6 million person-years. In the Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort (CanCHEC), 8170 cases were observed during the follow-up of 36.7 million person-years. Standardised incidence ratios with 95% CI were estimated for 53 occupations in the NOCCA cohort and HR with 95% CIs were estimated for 42 occupations in the CanCHEC.ResultsElevated risks of bladder cancer were observed among hairdressers, printers, sales workers, plumbers, painters, miners and laundry workers. Teachers and agricultural workers had reduced risk of bladder cancer in both cohorts. Chimney-sweeps, tobacco workers and waiters had about 1.5-fold risk in the Nordic countries; no risk estimates for these categories were given from the CanCHEC cohort.ConclusionWe observed different occupational patterns in risk of bladder cancer in Nordic countries and Canada. The only occupation with similarly increased risk was observed among sales workers. Differences in smoking across occupational groups may explain some, but not all, of this variation.
Active Play in After-school Programmes: development of an intervention and description of a matched-pair cluster-randomised trial assessing physical activity play in after-school programmes
Authors: Riiser Kirsti , Helseth Sølvi , Ellingsen Hanna , Fallang Bjørg , Løndal Knut 
Published: December 2018

IntroductionInterventions delivered in after-school programmes (ASPs) have the potential to become a means of ensuring adequate physical activity among schoolchildren. This requires a motivational climate, allowing for self-determined play. If trained, ASP staff may represent a valuable resource for supporting such play. Increasing knowledge and supportive skills among ASP staff may also potentially increase their motivation for work. The purpose of this article is to describe the development of the ‘Active Play in ASP’ intervention, which aims to promote physical activity among first graders attending ASP, and to present a protocol for a matched-pair cluster-randomised trial to evaluate the intervention.Methods and analysisInformed by experiences from practice, evidence-based knowledge and theory, the intervention was developed in a stepwise process including focus group meetings and a small-scale pilot test. The intervention contains a course programme for ASP staff to increase their skills in how to support physical activity through play. In a cluster randomised controlled trial, the ASPs will be matched and randomly allocated to receive the 7-month intervention or to a control group. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, after 7 and 19 months. First graders attending the ASPs included are eligible. The primary outcome will be accelerometer-determined minutes in moderate to vigorous physical activity in the ASP. The study uses a mixed methods approach including observations and interviews to provide rich descriptions of the concept of children's physical activity in ASP. Moreover, the trial will assess whether the ASP staff benefits from participation in the intervention in terms of increased work motivation. Lastly, process evaluations of programme fidelity, satisfaction and suggestions on improvement will be performed.Ethics and disseminationThe study is approved by the Data Protection Official for Research (reference no 46008). Results will be presented in conferences and peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberClinical Trials (NCT02954614), pre-results.
7-day compared with 10-day antibiotic treatment for febrile urinary tract infections in children: protocol of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Daniel Maria , Szajewska Hania , Pańczyk-Tomaszewska Małgorzata 
Published: December 2018

IntroductionThe optimal duration of antibiotic therapy in children with febrile urinary tract infections (UTIs) is still a matter of debate. Current guidelines recommend treating children with febrile UTIs with antimicrobials for 7 to 14 days. We aim to compare the efficacy and safety of 7-day versus 10-day course of oral or sequence therapy (intravenous with a switch to oral) with cefuroxime/cefuroxime axetil for febrile UTIs in children.Methods and analysisA non-inferiority, double-blind, randomised, controlled trial will be conducted. Two hundred twenty-one patients aged 3 months to 7 years with febrile UTIs (defined as a combination of fever and leucocyturia in urine sediment) will be randomly assigned to a 7-day treatment arm (7 days of cefuroxime/cefuroxime axetil followed by 3 days of blinded placebo) or a 10-day treatment arm (7 days of cefuroxime/cefuroxime axetil followed by 3 days of blinded cefuroxime axetil). The primary outcome measure will be frequencies of recurrence and reinfection of UTI during the 6 months after the intervention.Ethics and disseminationThe Bioethics Committee approved the study protocol. The findings of this trial will be submitted to a peer-reviewed paediatric journal. Abstracts will be submitted to relevant national and international conferences.Date and protocol version identifier04/09/2017Trial registration numberNCT03221504.
Wool-derived keratin dressings versus usual care dressings for treatment of slow-healing venous leg ulceration: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial (Keratin4VLU)
Authors: Jull Andrew , Wadham Angela , Bullen Chris , Parag Varsha , Waters Jill 
Published: December 2018

IntroductionKeratins, filament-forming proteins found in vertebrate epithelium, are downregulated in slow-healing venous leg ulcers (VLU) compared with normal-healing VLU. Laboratory and animal model research has suggested exogenous keratins increase expression of endogenous keratins. A non-randomised controlled trial of an exogenous keratin dressing reported increased healing in slow-healing VLU. To date, no randomised controlled trial has been done to verify these promising findings.Methods and analysisThe Keratin4VLU trial is a single-blind, pragmatic, parallel group, randomised controlled trial of keratin dressings compared with usual care non-medicated dressings in patients with VLU where either (1) the ulcer area is greater than 5 cm2, (2) the ulcer has been present for more than 26 weeks or (3) both. All patients will receive compression therapy. The primary outcome is the proportion of patients with healed VLU at 24 weeks after randomisation as adjudicated by blinded review of an ulcer photograph. Secondary outcomes are time to healing, estimated change in ulcer area, change in health-related quality of life, agreement between blinded and unblinded assessors and adverse events. The analysis will be intention-to-treat on the primary and secondary outcomes (excepting health-related quality of life).Ethics and disseminationThe Keratin4VLU trial received ethical approval from the Northern A Health and Disability Ethics Committee. We plan to publish the results within 1 year of trial completion and will include the results on the trial registration page.Trial registration numberNCT02896725; Pre-results.