bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hidden Persuaders: Do Small Gifts Lubricate Business Negotiations?
Authors: Maréchal Michel André , Thöni Christian 
Published: October 2018

Gift-giving customs are ubiquitous in social, political, and business life. Legal regulation and industry guidelines for gifts are often based on the assumption that large gifts potentially influence behavior and create conflicts of interest, but small gifts do not. However, scientific evidence on the impact of small gifts on business relationships is scarce. We conducted a natural field experiment in collaboration with sales agents of a multinational consumer products company to study the influence of small gifts on the outcome of business negotiations. We find that small gifts matter. On average, sales representatives generate more than twice as much revenue when they distribute a small gift at the onset of their negotiations. However, we also find that small gifts tend to be counterproductive when purchasing and sales agents meet for the first time, suggesting that the nature of the business relationship crucially affects the profitability of gifts. This paper was accepted by John List, behavioral economics.
Exercise beliefs and contributing factors among elderly nursing home residents
Authors: Byrne Sinéad V , Horgan N Frances 
Published: October 2018

Background/Aims: Despite the benefits of exercise for older adults, elderly nursing home residents remain largely inactive. This study examined differences in outcome expectations for exercise, and self-efficacy for exercise between older adults in nursing home care, and older adults in the community. We also assessed the association between these exercise beliefs and participants' physical, psychological and medical conditions. Methods: A total of 22 nursing home residents and 20 community-dwelling older adults completed the Outcome Expectations for Exercise Scale, and the Self-Efficacy for Exercise Scale. Findings: Outcome expectations did not differ between the groups (P=0.78). Self-efficacy for exercise was significantly lower among nursing home residents than in community-dwelling older adults (P=<0.01). Findings indicate that the presence of depressive symptoms were significantly associated with poor exercise beliefs in older adults. Conclusions: Self-efficacy and psychological health could be targets of interventions to increase older adults' exercise participation.
Can mirror visual feedback improve sensory relearning outcomes following median/ulnar nerve repair?
Authors: Saberi Farzaneh , Lajevardi Laleh , Azad Akram , Mirzaie Leila , Taghizadeh Ghorban , Abdolrazaghi Hossein Ali 
Published: October 2018

Background/Aims: Mirror visual feedback is an intervention that focuses on watching the movements of the intact hand in the mirror to restore the movements of the injured hand. This method is developed based on the concept of the central reflection of the amputated or injured limb. This study aims to determine the effect of mirror visual feedback as a complementary method on the outcomes of sensory relearning in patients following median/ulnar nerve repair. Methods: This randomised clinical trial was conducted on 20 patients with median/ulnar nerve damage who were selected through convenience sampling and were then randomly assigned to a treatment and a control group. Both groups received traditional rehabilitation in three 40-minute sessions a week. In addition, the treatment group received mirror visual feedback 15 minutes a day, 5 days a week, for 8 weeks. The patients' sensory status was assessed using Semmes-Weinstein Monofilaments and two-point discrimination tests and their sensory function was assessed using stereognosis both before and after the intervention. Findings: The final analysis was performed on a total of 20 patients. The Semmes-Weinstein Monofilaments test and two-point discrimination scores obtained showed significant improvements following therapy in both groups. The changes in Semmes-Weinstein Monofilaments test (P=0.000], two-point discrimination (P=0.000) and stereognosis (active: P=0.001, passive: P=0.000) scores were significantly greater in the mirror therapy group compared to the controls. Conclusions: Mirror visual feedback in conjunction with traditional sensory retraining programmes led to greater improvements in superficial sensation and touch discrimination of the hand in the first phase of the sensory relearning programme. This may be due to the use of the neuroplasticity potential, the stimulation of the somatosensory areas and motor networks, the adjustment of early cortical reorganisation and the prevention of further changes.
Management of supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children
Authors: Vaquero-Picado Alfonso , González-Morán Gaspar , Moraleda Luis 
Published: October 2018

Supracondylar fractures of the humerus are the most frequent fractures of the paediatric elbow, with a peak incidence at the ages of five to eight years. Extension-type fractures represent 97% to 99% of cases. Posteromedial displacement of the distal fragment is the most frequent; however, the radial and median nerves are equally affected. Flexion-type fractures are more commonly associated with ulnar nerve injuries. Concomitant upper-limb fractures should always be excluded. To manage the vascular status, distal pulse and hand perfusion should be monitored. Compartment syndrome should always be borne in mind, especially when skin puckering, severe ecchymosis/swelling, vascular alterations or concomitant forearm fractures are present. Gartland’s classification shows high intra- and inter-observer reliability. Type I is treated with casting. Surgical treatment is the standard for almost all displaced fractures. Type IV fractures can only be diagnosed intra-operatively. Closed reduction and percutaneous pinning is the gold standard surgical treatment. Open reduction via the anterior approach is indicated for open fractures, absence of the distal vascular flow for > 10 to 15 minutes after closed reduction, and failed closed reduction. Lateral entry pins provide stable fixation, avoiding the risk of iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury. About 10% to 20% of displaced supracondylar fractures present with alterations in vascular status. In most cases, fracture reduction restores perfusion. Neural injuries occur in 6.5% to 19% of cases involving displaced fractures. Most of them are neurapraxias and it is not routinely indicated to explore the nerve surgically. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2018;3:526-540. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.3.170049
“We Had to Keep Pushing”: Caregivers' Perspectives on Autism Screening and Referral Practices of Black Children in Primary Care
Authors: Dababnah Sarah , Shaia Wendy E. , Campion Karen , Nichols Helen M. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Black children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are diagnosed later than their White peers, are more likely to be misdiagnosed, and are less likely to receive early intervention services or a developmental evaluation by three years old. Using a grounded theory approach, we solicited the perspectives of parents and other primary caregivers of Black children with ASD on barriers and facilitators to ASD screening and referrals in primary care. A socioeconomically diverse sample of 22 female caregivers participated. Four themes emerged. First, while some caregivers noted their child's primary healthcare providers facilitated a timely ASD diagnosis, other participants reported these providers ignored early concerns about child developmental delays. Second, many participants felt racial bias negatively impacted caregiver-primary healthcare provider interactions. Third, legal/custodial issues slowed caregivers' abilities to follow up on referrals from their primary healthcare providers. Finally, caregivers described denial, shame, and stigma relating to ASD in the Black community as possible factors for delayed follow up to referrals. Differences based on socioeconomic status are discussed. Efforts to improve family-centered, culturally relevant care for all Black caregivers raising children with or at-risk for ASD are needed, particularly for those families experiencing the multiple effects of poverty.
O ‘APAGÃO’ DOCENTE: LICENCIATURAS EM FOCO
Authors: Esquinsani Rosimar Serena Siqueira , Esquinsani Valdocir Antonio 
Published: October 2018

Avizinha-se o risco de ‘apagão’ docente na Educação Básica brasileira. Tal risco assenta-se, sobretudo, em duas constatações: a parca opção por cursos de licenciatura e a defasagem quantitativa entre o número de jovens professores e o número de docentes na etapa final de suas carreiras. Para fazer o enfrentamento desta situação, são necessárias soluções estruturais que passariam por dois movimentos: a) o investimento na atratividade e a permanência na carreira docente, e b) o fortalecimento dos cursos de licenciatura. Na esteira desse debate, o artigo objetiva discutir circunstancialmente o ensino nos cursos de licenciatura e a sua potencial contribuição para a superação do deficit crescente de professores. Para essa discussão, o artigo foi pautado em base bibliográfica, conduzida por metodologia analítico-reconstrutiva, edificada a partir da análise de conteúdo sobre dois procedimentos de coleta de informações: dados de contexto e utilização de grupo focal. Como conclusão, o texto confirma as licenciaturas como apoio para a solução estrutural do ‘apagão’ docente. Já no que concerne ao debate específico sobre o ensino nos cursos de licenciatura, há duas perspectivas: a) a necessidade de cursos específicos para a formação docente – visto que a atividade docente não pode ser descolada de uma preparação específica; e b) a convivência curricular de dois grandes núcleos: os conhecimentos disciplinares e os conhecimentos pedagógicos ou didáticos, ambos tomados como elementos centrais na formação de professores.
A life in training
Authors: Fletcher J. D. 
Published: October 2018

Select Quotes: Good luck happens, don’t ignore it. Recognize it for what it is and, if it fits, take advantage of it–a road of travel I should have followed more carefully.Those of us working with research discovery or advancement need to be better prepared to answer the “so what” question about its monetary (does it save money?) and operational (does it increase missions success?) return on investment. This preparation is often neglected and/or ignored in research circles. The world may not be our oyster, but the need to understand and apply emerging instructional capabilities and technologies to, and across, education and training activities continues to escalate and never ends. In an applied world, even more than in the ethereal world of academic theory, anything that works or might work goes.. . . there is substantial value in communicating and collaborating with colleagues in related and/or relevant disciplines such as computer science, engineering in general, human factors, economics, statistics (of course), cultural anthropology, linguistics, and so forth. This value seems especially evident in practical applications where the issue of what works is paramount, and it may be better accepted outside of university departments where relevance and dedication to a particular discipline may be of more value for advancement than cooperation across discipline boundaries.
Parameters of Nanosecond Overvoltage Discharge Plasma in a Narrow Air Gap between the Electrodes Containing Electrode Material Vapor
Authors: Shuaibov O. K. , Minya O. Y. , Chuchman M. P. , Malinina A. O. , Malinin O. M. , Danilo V. V. , Gomoki Z. T. 
Published: October 2018

Parameters of the nanosecond overvoltage discharge plasma in an air gap of (1÷5) × 10−3 m between the electrodes, which contains the vapor of an electrode material (Zn, Cu, Fe) injected into plasma due to the ectonic mechanism, have been studied. The dependences of those parameters on the ratio E/N between the electric field strength E and the particle concentration N in the discharge are calculated for the “air–copper vapor” system, by using the numerical simulation method.
Immediate Complications of Elective Newborn Circumcision
Authors: Heras Andrea , Vallejo Victoria , Pineda Marcela I. , Jacobs Allan J. , Cohen Lourdes 
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVES:
To determine the incidence of immediate complications of elective newborn circumcision in 2 community teaching hospitals.

METHODS:
We performed a retrospective chart review of all term neonates who had circumcision performed between August 2011 and December 2014 at 2 community hospitals in New York. Neonatal hospital records and subsequent inpatient and outpatient records were reviewed. We classified complications as minor, intermediate, and major.

RESULTS:
Out of a total of 1115 circumcisions, 1064 met inclusion criteria. There were 41 complications (3.9%), all involving hemorrhage. Sutures were used to control hemorrhage in 3 patients (0.3%). Local pressure or application of hemostatic chemical agents controlled bleeding in the remainder of patients. Bleeding was more common with the use of the Gomco clamp than with the Mogen clamp. Circumcisions performed with Gomco clamp represented 73.2% of the total complications compared with 26.8% with the Mogen clamp. There were no injuries to structures outside the prepuce or problems requiring medical treatment after discharge from the neonatal hospitalization.

CONCLUSIONS:
The most common immediate complication encountered during an elective neonatal circumcision was bleeding that required only pressure or topical thrombin to achieve hemostasis. Bleeding was more common with the use of the Gomco versus the Mogen clamp. To conclude, our data support the theory that elective infant circumcision can be performed safely in a hospital setting.
Gomco Versus Mogen? No Effect on Circumcision Revision Rates
Authors: Chan Priscella S. , Penna Frank J. , Holmes Alison Volpe 
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVES:Elective newborn circumcision, one of the most common surgical procedures in the world, is often performed with either the Gomco clamp or the Mogen clamp. Our aims were to determine differential circumcision revision and complication rates due to surgical technique and differences in outcomes when residents versus attending physicians performed the procedure.METHODS:We conducted a retrospective chart review of newborns who underwent elective circumcision at our children’s hospital from January 2013 to June 2017 using Current Procedural Terminology codes for newborn circumcision and repair of an incomplete circumcision. We excluded patients who were initially circumcised by a physician other than a pediatrician and procedures that were performed after 31 days of age. The primary outcome was the rate of circumcision revisions. The secondary outcome was the incidence of minor and major complications. We used independent sample t tests, analysis of variance, Fisher’s exact test, and logistic regression models in the analysis.RESULTS:We analyzed 979 Gomco and 718 Mogen procedures. Both groups had similar complication (26 of 1697 or 1.53%) and revision rates (8 of 1697 or 0.47%). Attending physicians and residents had similar revision rates overall, but residents using the Gomco clamp had a higher rate of revision (2 of 249 or 0.80%) than attending physicians (2 of 730 or 0.27%; P = .003). Older age at primary procedure was significantly associated with revision (P = .03).CONCLUSIONS:Elective newborn circumcision is associated with similar complication and revision rates after the use of either Gomco or Mogen clamps. There were no differences in outcomes when the procedure was performed by pediatric residents or attending pediatricians.
A New Mobile Application to Reduce Anxiety in Pediatric Patients Before Bone Marrow Aspiration Procedures
Authors: Wantanakorn Pornchanok , Harintajinda Supamas , Chuthapisith Jariya , Anurathapan Usanarat , Rattanatamrong Prapaporn 
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVES:Insufficient preparation for children who are undergoing bone marrow aspiration can cause anxiety and negative outcomes. Nonpharmacological therapies have been proven to reduce fear in children who are undergoing painful procedures. We have therefore developed a mobile application to help reduce these patients’ anxiety by providing them with procedural information and coping skills.METHODS:This single-blinded, randomized controlled trial included 60 patients age 5 to 12 years old who were undergoing bone marrow aspiration procedures in Thailand that were conducted between May 2015 and May 2016. Sixty participants were randomly assigned to the intervention group (mobile application added to usual care) or the control group (usual care only). Preprocedural anxiety levels were evaluated by visual analog scales (child anxiety visual analog scale); this was repeated in the intervention group immediately after patients used the mobile application. On the day of the procedure, the patients’ cooperation levels were assessed by using the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale. The total amount of sedative drugs that were used was also recorded. The paired t test and the Wilcoxon signed rank test were used to analyze within-person change, whereas the t test and the Wilcoxon rank sum test were used for group comparisons.RESULTS:The child anxiety visual analog scale score of patients in the intervention group decreased significantly after they used the mobile application (P &lt; .0012). The modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale score of patients in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P &lt; .01). There was no difference in sedative use between the 2 groups.CONCLUSIONS:This mobile application possibly had effectiveness in routine use for reducing anxiety and increasing patients’ cooperation in bone marrow aspiration procedures.
A Pragmatic Method for Identification of Long-Stay Patients in the PICU
Authors: Woodger Owen , Menon Kusum , Yazbeck Myra , Acharya Anand 
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVES:To develop a pragmatic method of identifying long-stay patients (LSPs) in the PICU.METHODS:We surveyed 40 expert stakeholders in 14 Canadian PICUs between February 2015 and March 2015 to identify key factors to use for defining LSPs in the PICU. We then describe a pragmatic method using these factors to analyze 523 admissions to an academic, tertiary-care PICU from February 1, 2015, to January 31, 2016.RESULTS:The overall response rate was 70% (28 of 40). Of respondents, 75% (21of 28) stated that it was important to define LSPs and identified present and future resource consumption (18 of 21 [86%] and 16 of 21 [76%], respectively) as the key reasons for defining LSPs. Respondents valued a definition that was consistent and ranked a percentile cutoff as the preferred analytic method for defining LSPs. Of respondents, 86% (24 of 28) though the LSP definition should include factors other than length of stay. We developed a surrogate marker for LSPs using mechanical ventilation and presence of a central venous catheter in our sample population to compare to varying percentile cutoffs. We identified 108 patients at the 80th percentile as LSPs who used 67% of total bed days and had a median length of stay of 11.3 days.CONCLUSIONS:We present a pragmatic method for the retrospective identification of LSPs in the PICU that incorporates unit- and/or patient-specific characteristics. The next steps would be to validate this method using other patient and/or unit characteristics in different PICUs and over time.
Human and Animal Bites
Authors: Bula-Rudas Fernando J. , Olcott Jessica L. 
Published: October 2018

In the United States, nearly 56% of households owned a pet in 2011 according to the 2012 U.S. Pet Ownership & Demographics Sourcebook by the American Veterinary Medical Association. The survey also reports that approximately 70 million dogs and 74 million cats lived in households in the United States during the same year. (1)
Human and animal bites are a frequent cause of primary care and emergency department visits for children. It is estimated that 250,000 human bites, 400,000 cat bites, and 4.5 million dog bites occur in the United States each year in both adults and children. (2) In the United States, approximately 10% of all human bites will become infected in a child with a bite wound. The infection rate of dog bites in children is 20%. Cat bite infection rates in children vary but can be up to 50%. Each type of bite wound has a predisposition for sex and/or age. Infected bite wounds manifest with swelling, erythema, and tenderness with or without drainage of the affected site and can lead to serious complications. Most animal bite wounds are polymicrobial in nature. Pasteurella species (spp.) is the most common organism isolated from both cat and dog bites. The microbiology of human bites consists of both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
Basic medical management of bite wounds includes thorough cleansing and debridement. Irrigation, closure, and need to obtain culture depend on the type of bite wound, the appearance of the wound, the and timing of medical evaluation after the initial injury. Amoxicillin-clavulanate is the antibiotic of choice for prophylaxis and empirical therapy for children who are not allergic to penicillin. With most animal bites being preventable injuries, healthcare providers caring for children have an important role discussing pet safety with the child and the family.
Prevención en diabetes mellitus y riesgo cardiovascular: enfoque médico y nutricional
Authors: Pinilla-Roa Análida Elizabeth , Barrera-Perdomo María Del Pilar 
Published: October 2018

Introducción. La epidemia de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) incrementa la enfermedad cardiovascular y la morbimortalidad; por tanto, es importante prevenir, tratar integralmente y valorar complicaciones y comorbilidades asociadas.Objetivo. Presentar una revisión sobre prevención de DM2 y riesgo cardiovascular con enfoque médico y nutricional.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo una revisión en las bases de datos Embase, PubMed, Bireme (LILACS, SciELO) y Cochrane Library con términos específicos. La búsqueda se hizo en inglés y español sobre publicaciones entre 2001 y 2016.Resultados. Se encontraron 811 publicaciones y, después de aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se seleccionaron 71 documentos clasificados así: 24 artículos de investigación, 14 artículos de revisión, 18 guías clínicas, 8 consensos y 7 de otras categorías (informes, capítulos de libro, normatividad y un libro)Conclusión. La educación es una herramienta fundamental para prevenir y tratar factores de riesgo. Se debe incentivar el trabajo en equipo con el paciente y la familia para reducir el desarrollo de comorbilidades asociadas a DM2.