bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Torsion of normal‐sized ovary during late pregnancy: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Li Chunbo , Wang Shijia , Tao Xiang , Hu Yanlai , Li Xiaotian , Xiao Xirong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAdnexal torsion is one of the most common gynecologic surgical emergencies. All age groups can be affected, but torsion of normal‐sized ovary that happens during late pregnancy is rare and challenging to be diagnosed. The objective of this article is to present a case of adnexal torsion in a normal‐sized ovary suspected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the third trimester of pregnancy. A 36‐year‐old woman at 32 + 5 weeks gestational age was admitted to hospital due to recurrent severe left lower abdominal pain. Doppler ultrasound failed to demonstrate the ovarian diseases, while MRI scan suspected the diagnosis of adnexal torsion. The patient received emergent exploratory laparotomy, and the left adnexa with a necrotic ovary was removed. Tocolytic therapy was used before and after surgery. Finally, she delivered a healthy full‐term infant via cesarean section. Adnexal torsion occurring in a normal‐sized ovary was quite rare in the third trimester pregnancy. MRI might be better than ultrasound in the early diagnosis of ovarian torsion.
Moral Realism in Historical Sociological Theory
Authors: McCaffree Kevin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSociologists of morality often assume the field can undertake descriptive studies of moral claims (e.g., what are the social origins of moral systems, in what ways do moral systems change over time) but ought not and, indeed cannot, speak to the rightness or wrongness of moral claims in any scientific sense. However, many founders of the field of sociology suggested that moral claims should be viewed as historically, demographically and ecologically situated interdisciplinary attempts at establishing scientific facts about human well‐being. This essay reviews the moral realism of sociology's founders, underscoring important components from each theorist's approach.
Experimental noxious stimulation of the right masseter muscle does not affect bilateral masseter and temporalis muscle activity and force parameters during standardised isometric biting tasks
Authors: Sandoval Isbel , Moura Ferreira Polyana , Obregon Fabian , Whittle Terry , Murray Greg M. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryAimTo determine if the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the left and right masseter and anterior temporalis muscles is altered by experimental right masseter muscle noxious stimulation during goal‐directed isometric biting tasks in asymptomatic humans.MethodsIsometric biting tasks (slow and fast ramp biting tasks, 2‐step biting task) were performed on an intraoral force transducer in 18 participants during the following blocks: baseline block, hypertonic saline infusion into the right masseter muscle (painful block) and isotonic saline infusion into the right masseter (control block). Bipolar surface electrodes recorded EMG activity from the bilateral masseter and anterior temporalis muscles. A 100‐mm visual analogue scale (VAS) quantified pain intensity, and the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales‐21 (DASS‐21) and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) were completed. Repeated measures ANOVA assessed the effects of pain on the force rates (N/s), force amplitudes (N) and the root mean square (RMS) jaw muscle EMG activity across blocks. Statistical significance accepted at P < 0.05.ResultsVAS scores were significantly (P < 0.001) higher during hypertonic than isotonic saline infusion blocks. There was no significant effect of pain on the force rates, or force levels or the RMS EMG activity of each masseter and anterior temporalis muscle.ConclusionThe findings suggest that experimentally induced right masseter muscle pain does not modify force or surface jaw muscle EMG activity during isometric biting tasks.
Clinical significance of detectable and quantifiable HCV RNA at the end of treatment with ledipasvir/sofosbuvir in GT1 patients
Authors: Maasoumy Benjamin , Buggisch Peter , Mauss Stefan , Boeker Klaus H. W. , Müller Tobias , Günther Rainer , Zimmermann Tim , Manns Michael P. , Sarrazin Christoph , Hüppe Dietrich , Wedemeyer Heiner , Vermehren Johannes 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackground & AimsAASLD/IDSA treatment guidelines for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection state that testing for quantitative HCV RNA can be considered at the end of antiviral treatment (EOT) with interferon‐free regimens. However, it remains unclear how to respond to a detectable or even quantifiable HCV RNA result. The aim of this study was to analyse the frequency and predictive value of detectable and quantifiable HCV RNA results at the EOT in patients with HCV genotype 1 infection treated with ledipasvir (LDV) and sofosbuvir (SOF) ± ribavirin (RBV) in a large real‐world cohort.MethodsA retrospective analysis of the DHC‐R (Deutsches Hepatitis C‐Register, German Hepatitis C‐Registry) cohort was performed including all patients who were treated with LDV/SOF ± RBV and in whom HCV RNA testing was done with either the Roche COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan (CAP/CTM) or the Abbott RealTime HCV assay (ART).ResultsThe frequency of detectable HCV RNA at the EOT was 7% in this real‐world study involving 471 patients. Furthermore, 3% of the patients (n = 14/471) even had quantifiable viral load at the EOT. Detectable and quantifiable results were more frequent if the ART was used for testing. However, SVR was achieved by 32/33 patients (97%) with detectable and even by all 14 patients (100%) with quantifiable HCV RNA results at the EOT.ConclusionDetectable and even quantifiable HCV RNA results are quite frequent if highly sensitive HCV RNA assays are used. However, treatment prolongation is not indicated, as SVR rates remain high in these patients.
Hepatitis B virus infection and risk of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Zhu Liguo , Jiang Jie , Zhai Xiangjun , Baecker Aileen , Peng Hong , Qian Jiao , Zhou MingHao , Song Ci , Zhou Yan , Xu Jianfang , Liu Hongjian , Hang Dong , Hu Zhibin , Shen Hongbin , Zhang Zuo‐Feng , Zhu Fengcai 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackground & aimsAlthough non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been studied extensively, the potential risk factors for NAFLD among chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients have not been fully known.MethodsA population‐based cohort of adult CHB patients without a history of alcohol drinking or NAFLD were recruited and followed up from October 2012 to January 2015 in Jiangsu province, China. Using Cox proportional hazards regression model, potential risk factors including viral and metabolic factors for NAFLD were evaluated.ResultsTwo thousand three hundred and ninety‐three adult CHB patients (mean age 50.7 ± 13.2 years) were included in the cohort. With 4429 person‐years of follow‐up, 283 individuals progressed to NAFLD with an incidence rate of 63.89/1000 person‐years. Overweight and obese CHB patients had an increased risk of NAFLD (overweight adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 3.10; 95% CI, 2.29‐4.18; obese HR, 8.52; 95%CI, 5.93‐12.25) compared to normal weight carriers. The incidence of NAFLD was associated with concurrent type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) (HR, 1.88; 95%CI, 1.15‐3.08). However, no associations between viral factors with NAFLD incidence rate were identified. In a subgroup of participants with concurrent type 2 DM, detectable HBV DNA levels were negatively associated with the development of NAFLD (HR, 0.37; 95%CI, 0.14‐0.98). There was super‐multiplicative interaction between BMI and gender with respect to incidence of NAFLD, with an ROR of 2.08 (95%CI, 1.02‐4.23).ConclusionMetabolic factors play an important role in the presence of NAFLD among Chinese CHB patients. However, viral replication factors are not related to NAFLD except among those with concurrent type 2 DM.
Insulin resistance disrupts cell integrity, mitochondrial function, and inflammatory signaling in lymphatic endothelium
Authors: Lee Yang , Chakraborty Sanjukta , Meininger Cynthia J. , Muthuchamy Mariappan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveLymphatic vessel dysfunction and increased lymph leakage have been directly associated with several metabolic diseases. However, the underlying cellular mechanisms causing lymphatic dysfunction have not been determined. Aberrant insulin signaling affects the metabolic function of cells and consequently impairs tissue function. We hypothesized that insulin resistance in LECs decreases eNOS activity, disrupts barrier integrity increases permeability, and activates mitochondrial dysfunction and pro‐inflammatory signaling pathways.MethodsLECs were treated with insulin and/or glucose to determine the mechanisms leading to insulin resistance.ResultsAcute insulin treatment increased eNOS phosphorylation and NO production in LECs via activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Prolonged hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia induced insulin resistance in LECs. Insulin‐resistant LECs produced less NO due to a decrease in eNOS phosphorylation and showed a significant decrease in impedance across an LEC monolayer that was associated with disruption in the adherence junctional proteins. Additionally, insulin resistance in LECs impaired mitochondrial function by decreasing basal‐, maximal‐, and ATP‐linked OCRs and activated NF‐κB nuclear translocation coupled with increased pro‐inflammatory signaling.ConclusionOur data provide the first evidence that insulin resistance disrupts endothelial barrier integrity, decreases eNOS phosphorylation and mitochondrial function, and activates inflammation in LECs.
A new phylogenetic hypothesis of turtles with implications for the timing and number of evolutionary transitions to marine lifestyles in the group
Authors: Evers Serjoscha W. , Benson Roger B. J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEvolutionary transitions to marine habitats occurred frequently among Mesozoic reptiles. Only one such clade survives to the present: sea turtles (Chelonioidea). Other marine turtles originated during the Mesozoic, but uncertain affinities of key fossils have obscured the number of transitions to marine life, and the timing of the origin of marine adaptation in chelonioids. Phylogenetic studies support either a highly‐inclusive chelonioid total‐group including fossil marine clades from the Jurassic and Cretaceous (e.g. protostegids, thalassochelydians, sandownids) or a less inclusive chelonioid total‐group excluding those clades. Under this paradigm, these clades belong outside Cryptodira, and represent at least one additional evolutionary transition to marine life in turtles. We present a new phylogenetic hypothesis informed by high resolution computed tomographic data of living and fossil taxa. Besides a well‐supported Chelonioidea, which includes protostegids, we recover a previously unknown clade of stem‐group turtles, Angolachelonia, which includes the Late Jurassic thalassochelydians, and the Cretaceous–Palaeogene sandownids. Accounting for the Triassic Odontochelys, our results indicate three independent evolutionary transitions to marine life in non‐pleurodiran turtles (plus an additional two‐three in pleurodires). Among all independent origins of marine habits, a pelagic ecology only evolved once, among chelonioids. All turtle groups that independently invaded marine habitats in the Jurassic–Cretaceous (chelonioids, angolachelonians, bothremydid pleurodires) survived the Cretaceous–Palaeogene mass extinction event. This highlights extensive survival of marine turtles compared to other marine reptiles. Furthermore, deeply‐nested clades such as chelonioids are found by the middle Early Cretaceous, suggesting a rapid diversification of crown‐group turtles during the Early Cretaceous.
Retrospective review of screening for Sturge‐Weber syndrome with brain magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography in infants with high‐risk port‐wine stains
Authors: Zallmann Michaela , Mackay Mark T. , Leventer Richard J. , Ditchfield Michael , Bekhor Philip S. , Su John C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundThere is a lack of consensus regarding how best to screen children with facial port‐wine stains for Sturge‐Weber syndrome. Many favor brain magnetic resonance imaging, and adjunctive electroencephalography is increasingly used. However, the sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive value of magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography and whether screening improves seizure recognition is unclear.MethodsA retrospective review of children with high‐risk port‐wine stains presenting consecutively to the outpatient laser clinic of a tertiary pediatric hospital between December 2015 and November 2016 was undertaken. Primary outcome measures were yield, accuracy, age of and protocols for screening magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography, type of and age at presenting seizure, and percentage referred to neurology.ResultsOf 126 patients with facial port‐wine stains, 25.4% (32/126) were at high risk of Sturge‐Weber syndrome (hemifacial, median, and forehead PWS phenotypes); 43.7% of these (14/32) underwent screening magnetic resonance imaging. Sturge‐Weber syndrome was detected in 7.1% (1/14). Magnetic resonance imaging had false‐negative results in 23.1% (3/13) of those screened. Screening magnetic resonance imaging had sensitivity of 25%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100%, and negative predictive value of 76.9% for the detection of Sturge‐Weber syndrome (hemifacial, median and forehead PWS phenotypes). Only one‐third of those with false‐negative magnetic resonance imaging were referred to neurology. Mean age of first seizure in those with false‐negative screening magnetic resonance imaging was 28 months, vs 14 months in those not screened. Abnormal electroencephalographic signs were detected in the two infants who underwent presymptomatic electroencephalography.ConclusionsFindings from this small cohort of individuals with port‐wine stains that put them at high risk of Sturge‐Weber syndrome suggest that children with positive screening magnetic resonance imaging will almost certainly develop Sturge‐Weber syndrome but that negative screening magnetic resonance imaging cannot exclude Sturge‐Weber syndrome (in up to 23.1% of cases). False‐negative magnetic resonance imaging may delay seizure recognition. Seizure education, monitoring, and consideration of adjunctive electroencephalography are important irrespective of magnetic resonance imaging findings.
Ligulate inflorescence of Helianthus × multiflorus, cv. Soleil d'Or, correlates with a mis‐regulation of a CYCLOIDEA gene characterised by insertion of a transposable element
Authors: Fambrini M. , Bellanca M. , Costa Muñoz M. , Usai G. , Cavallini A. , Pugliesi C. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Members of CYCLOIDEA (CYC)/TEOSINTE BRANCHED1 (TB1) transcription factor family are essential to control flower symmetry and inflorescence architecture. In the Helianthus annuus genome, ten CYC/TB1 genes have been identified. Studies performed on mutants recognised HaCYC2c as one of the key players controlling zygomorphism in sunflower.

We identified CYC2c genes in the diploid Helianthus decapetalus (HdCYC2c) and in the interspecific hybrid Helianthus × multiflorus (H × mCYC2cA and H × mCYC2cB), a triploid (2n = 3× = 51), originated from unreduced eggs of H. decapetalus fertilised by reduced H. annuus male gametes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that HdCYC2c and H × mCYC2c were placed within a CYC2 subclade together with HaCYC2c but distinct from it. The present data showed that in H. × multiflorus the allele derived from H. annuus is deleted or highly modified.

The H. × multiflorus taxon exists as radiate and ligulate inflorescence types. We analysed CYC2c expression in H. decapetalus and in the cultivar ‘Soleil d'Or’ of H. × multiflorus, a ligulate inflorescence type with actinomorphic corolla of disk flowers transformed into a zygomorphic ray‐like corolla.

In H. decapetalus, the HdCYC2c gene showed differential expression between developing flower types, being up‐regulated in the corolla of ray flowers in comparison to the disk flower corolla. In H. × multiflorus, an insertion of 865 bp, which is part of a CACTA transposable element, was found in the 5′‐untranslated region (5′‐UTR) of H × mCYC2cB. This insertion could promote, even with epigenetic mechanisms, ectopic expression of the gene throughout the inflorescence, resulting in the observed loss of actinomorphy and originating a ligulate head.
miR‐26a inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis in porcine immature Sertoli cells by targeting the PAK2 gene
Authors: Ran Maoliang , Weng Bo , Cao Rong , Li Zhi , Peng Fuzhi , Luo Hui , Gao Hu , Chen Bin 
Published: July 2018

ContentsAccumulating reports have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) participate in regulating the complex processes of animal testis development and spermatogenesis; yet, the mechanisms by which miRNAs regulate spermatogenesis are poorly understood. miR‐26a was identified as a miRNA that is differentially expressed among different pig testicular tissue developmental stages in our previous study. In this study, p21 activated kinase 2 (PAK2) gene was determined as one target gene of miR‐26a by luciferase reporter assay, and miR‐26a repressed the PAK2 mRNA abundance in porcine Sertoli cells. The Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK8) assay, 5‐Ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EdU) assay and annexin V‐FITC/PI staining assay results showed that miR‐26a overexpression inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis in porcine Sertoli cells. These phenomena were similar to the siRNA‐mediated knockdown of the PAK2 gene. Taken together, our results demonstrate that miR‐26a inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis in porcine Sertoli cells by targeting the PAK2 gene, which may be a regulator of porcine spermatogenesis.
Structures and Implications for Fluid Migration in the Jiadi Carlin‐Type Gold Deposit, Guizhou Province, Southwest China
Authors: Zeng Guoping , Luo Diwei , Gong Yongjun , Hu Xinlu , Li Hang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe Jiadi gold deposit is a newly discovered Carlin‐type gold deposit in the Guizhou Province, Southwest China. This deposit is structurally controlled by a shallow fold–fault superimposed system along the Lianhuashan trend. Field geological investigations, structural analysis, and mathematical research are conducted to study its structures and hydrothermal fluid flow process. Geological investigations (i.e. sections, stope, and drill hole) indicate that the structures are dominated by NE‐trending folds, NWW‐trending folds, and faults. A trend‐surface analysis of the low interformational fracture zone suggests that the overall distribution of the Lianhuashan trend is controlled by the NE‐trending Lianhuashan anticline. Nearly all primary Carlin‐type gold deposits are distributed along the southeastern flank where the fold axis changes from NE to EW. Gold orebodies are hosted by the interformational fracture zones and primarily situated at the transitions from the high‐value areas to the low‐value areas of the interformational fracture zones. A stress analysis on the hydrothermal veins indicates that they are of tenso‐shear properties. The ore‐forming elements (Au, As, Sb, Hg, and Tl) of the hydrothermal veins from the interformational fracture zones and intrusive breccia body present strong positive anomalies compared with those from the adjacent wall rocks. According to the development patterns of the ore‐forming elements and hydrothermal veins, a migration process of the ore‐forming fluids is proposed: the deeply sourced ore‐forming fluids migrated vertically to shallow crust along an intrusive breccia body, subsequently flowed horizontally along the interformational fracture zones accompanied by gold precipitation in the early stage, and finally migrated outward along steep micro‐fractures during following stages.
The use of biologically based phosphorus fractions to evaluate soil P availability in reduced P‐input paddy soils
Authors: Yuan J. , Wang L. , Wang S. , Wang Y. , Wang H. , Chen H. , Zhu W. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractChemical soil phosphorus (P) extraction has been widely used to characterize and understand changes in soil P fractions; however, it does not adequately capture rhizosphere processes. In this study, we used the biologically based phosphorus (BBP) grading method to evaluate the availability and influencing factors of soil P under four P fertilizer regimes in a typical rice–wheat cropping rotation paddy field. Soil P was assessed after seven rice‐growth seasons at multiple growth stages: the seedling, the booting and the harvest stage. Soil CaCl2‐P, citrate‐P and HCl‐P (inorganic P, Pi) as well as enzyme‐P (organic P, Po) were not significantly different between soil treated with P fertilizer during the wheat season only (PW) and during the rice season only (PR) compared with soil treated during both the rice and the wheat seasons (PR+W) at all three rice‐growth stages. No P fertilizer application during either season (Pzero) significantly reduced the concentration of soil citrate‐P and HCl‐P at the rice‐seedling and harvest stages. Significant correlations were observed between the HCl extraction and Olsen‐P (R2 = 0.823, P < 0.001), followed by enzyme‐P (R2 = 0.712, P < 0.001), citrate‐P (R2 = 0.591, P < 0.001) and CaCl2‐P (R2 = 0.133, P < 0.05). Further redundancy analysis (RDA) suggested that soil alkaline phosphatase (S‐ALP) activity played a role in soil P speciation changes and was significantly correlated with enzyme‐P, citrate‐P and HCl‐P. These results may improve our ability to characterize and understand changes in soil P status while minimizing the overapplication of P fertilizer.
Impact of nurse staffing on patient and nurse workforce outcomes in acute care settings in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Assaye Ashagre Molla , Wiechula Richard , Schultz Timothy J. , Feo Rebecca Rosamaria 
Published: July 2018

Review question/objective:
The objective of this review is to demonstrate the effect of nurse staffing on patient and nurse workforce outcomes in acute care settings in low- and middle-income countries.
Relationship between baseline physical activity assessed by pedometer count and new-onset diabetes in the NAVIGATOR trial
Authors: Kraus William E , Yates Thomas , Tuomilehto Jaakko , Sun Jie-Lena , Thomas Laine , McMurray John J V , Bethel M Angelyn , Holman Rury R 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivePhysical activity is related to clinical outcomes, even after adjusting for body mass, but is rarely assessed in randomized clinical trials.Research design and methodsWe conducted an observational analysis of data from the Nateglinide and Valsartan in Impaired Glucose Tolerance Outcomes Research trial, in which a total of 9306 people from 40 countries with impaired glucose tolerance and either cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular risk factors were randomized to receive nateglinide or placebo, in a 2-by-2 factorial design with valsartan or placebo. All were asked to also participate in a detailed lifestyle modification programme and followed-up for a median of 6.4 years with progression to diabetes as a co-primary end point. Seven-day ambulatory activity was assessed at baseline using research-grade pedometers. We assessed whether the baseline amount of physical activity was related to subsequent development of diabetes in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance.ResultsPedometer data were obtained on 7118 participants and 35.0% developed diabetes. In an unadjusted analysis each 2000-step increment in the average number of daily steps, up to 10 000, was associated with a 5.5% lower risk of progression to diabetes (HR 0.95, 95%CI 0.92 to 0.97), with >6% relative risk reduction after adjustment.ConclusionsPhysical activity should be measured objectively in pharmacologic trials as it is a significant but underappreciated contributor to diabetes outcomes. It should be a regular part of clinical practice as well.