bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abnormal leaf development of rpt5a mutant under zinc deficiency reveals important role of DNA damage alleviation for normal leaf development
Authors: Sotta Naoyuki , Sakamoto Takuya , Matsunaga Sachihiro , Fujiwara Toru 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLeaf development in plants, including dorsoventral (adaxial–abaxial) patterning, is tightly regulated. The involvement of several subunits of the 26S proteasome in adaxial–abaxial polarity establishment has been reported. In the present study, we revealed that inArabidopsis thaliana, a mutation inRPT5A, a subunit of 26S proteasome, causes abnormally narrow true leaves under zinc deficiency. mRNA accumulations of DNA damage marker genes in leaves were elevated by zinc deficiency.PARP2, a single-strand break (SSB) inducible gene, was more strongly induced by zinc deficiency inrpt5amutants compared with the wild type. A comet assay indicated that SSB is enhanced in mutants grown under the zinc deficiency condition. These results suggest that SSB accumulation is accompanied by abnormal leaf development. To test if DNA damage is a sole cause of abnormal leaf development, we treated the wild type grown under normal zinc conditions with zeocin, a DNA damage-inducing reagent, and found that narrow leaves developed, suggesting that DNA damage is sufficient to induce the development of abnormally narrow leaves. Taken together with the observation of the abnormal leaf morphology of our mutant plant under zinc deficiency, we demonstrated that the alleviation of DNA damage is important for normal leaf development.
Genotypic Characterization of Emerging Avian Reovirus Genetic Variants in California
Authors: Egaña-Labrin S. , Hauck R. , Figueroa A. , Stoute S. , Shivaprasad H. L. , Crispo M. , Corsiglia C. , Zhou H. , Kern C. , Crossley B. , Gallardo R. A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study focuses on virus isolation of avian reoviruses from a tenosynovitis outbreak between September 2015 and June 2018, the molecular characterization of selected isolates based on partial S1 gene sequences, and the full genome characterization of seven isolates. A total of 265 reoviruses were detected and isolated, 83.3% from tendons and joints, 12.3% from the heart and 3.7% from intestines. Eighty five out of the 150 (56.6%) selected viruses for sequencing and characterization were successfully detected, amplified and sequenced. The characterized reoviruses grouped in six distinct genotypic clusters (GC1 to GC6). The most represented clusters were GC1 (51.8%) and GC6 (24.7%), followed by GC2 (12.9%) and GC4 (7.2%), and less frequent GC5 (2.4%) and GC3 (1.2%). A shift on cluster representation throughout time occurred. A reduction of GC1 and an increase of GC6 classified strains was noticed. The highest homologies to S1133 reovirus strain were detected in GC1 (~77%) while GC2 to GC6 homologies ranged between 58.5 and 54.1%. Over time these homologies have been maintained. Seven selected isolates were full genome sequenced. Results indicated that the L3, S1 and M2 genes, coding for proteins located in the virus capsid accounted for most of the variability of these viruses. The information generated in the present study helps the understanding of the epidemiology of reoviruses in California. In addition, provides insights on how other genes that are not commonly studied add variability to the reovirus genome.
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance-Based Three-Dimensional Structural Modeling and Heterogeneous Tissue Channel Detection in Ventricular Arrhythmia
Authors: Jang Jihye , Hwang Hye-Jin , Tschabrunn Cory M. , Whitaker John , Menze Bjoern , Anter Elad , Nezafat Reza 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGeometrical structure of the myocardium plays an important role in understanding the generation of arrhythmias. In particular, a heterogeneous tissue (HT) channel defined in cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has been suggested to correlate with conduction channels defined in electroanatomic mapping in ventricular tachycardia (VT). Despite the potential of CMR for characterization of the arrhythmogenic substrate, there is currently no standard approach to identify potential conduction channels. Therefore, we sought to develop a workflow to identify HT channel based on the structural 3D modeling of the viable myocardium within areas of dense scar. We focus on macro-level HT channel detection in this work. The proposed technique was tested in high-resolution ex-vivo CMR images in 20 post-infarct swine models who underwent an electrophysiology study for VT inducibility. HT channel was detected in 15 animals with inducible VT, whereas it was only detected in 1 out of 5 animal with non-inducible VT (P < 0.01, Fisher’s exact test). The HT channel detected in the non-inducible animal was shorter than those detected in animals with inducible VTs (inducible-VT animals: 35 ± 14 mm vs. non-inducible VT animal: 9.94 mm). Electrophysiology study and histopathological analyses validated the detected HT channels. The proposed technique may provide new insights for understanding the macro-level VT mechanism.
Structural and Photoelectric Properties of Epitaxially Grown Vanadium Dioxide Thin Films on c-Plane Sapphire and Titanium Dioxide
Authors: Creeden Jason A. , Madaras Scott E. , Beringer Douglas B. , Beebe Melissa R. , Novikova Irina , Lukaszew R. Ale 
Published: June 2019

AbstractVanadium dioxide (VO2) is one of the most extensively studied materials in the strongly correlated electron family capable of sustaining an insulator-to-metal transition. Here we present our studies of high-quality thin films of epitaxially grown VO2 on c-Al2O3(0001) and TiO2(001) via reactive DC pulsed magnetron sputtering. We present the structural transition probed via Reflection High Energy Electron Diffraction (RHEED) for the first time and we correlate the surface microstructure measurements with simulations before, during, and after the thermally induced transition. We also study the photoelectric conversion of VO2 on TiO2(001) and c-Al2O3(0001) under 405 nm light and demonstrate up to a 2000% increase in quantum efficiency as the power of the light is varied for VO2 on TiO2(001).
A model of the entrance pupil of the human eye
Authors: Aguirre Geoffrey K. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe aperture stop of the iris is subject to refraction by the cornea, and thus an outside observer sees a virtual image: the “entrance pupil” of the eye. When viewed off-axis, the entrance pupil has an elliptical form. The precise appearance of the entrance pupil is a consequence of the anatomical and optical properties of the eye, and the relative positions of the eye and the observer. This paper presents a ray traced model eye that provides the parameters of the entrance pupil ellipse for an observer at an arbitrary location. The model is able to reproduce empirical measurements of the shape of the entrance pupil with good accuracy. I demonstrate that accurate specification of the entrance pupil of a stationary eye requires modeling of corneal refraction, the misalignment of the visual and optical axes, and the non-circularity of the aperture stop. The model, including a three-dimensional ray tracing function through quadric surfaces, is implemented in open-source MATLAB code.
Enzyme activity and structural features of three single-domain phloem cyclophilins from Brassica napus
Authors: Hanhart Patrizia , Falke Sven , Garbe Marcel , Rose Victoria , Thieß Melanie , Betzel Christian , Kehr Julia 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCyclophilins (CYPs) are a group of ubiquitous prolyl cis/trans isomerases (PPIases). It was shown that plants possess the most diverse CYP families and that these are abundant in the phloem long-distance translocation stream. Since phloem exudate showed PPIase activity, three single-domain CYPs that occur in phloem samples from Brassica napus were characterised on functional and structural levels. It could be shown that they exhibit isomerase activity and that this activity is controlled by a redox regulation mechanism, which has been postulated for divergent CYPs. The structure determination by small-angle X-ray scattering experiments revealed a conserved globular shape. In addition, the high-resolution crystal structure of BnCYP19-1 was resolved and refined to 2.0 Å resolution, and the active sites of related CYPs as well as substrate binding were modelled. The obtained data and results support the hypothesis that single domain phloem CYPs are active phloem PPIases that may function as chaperones.
Biochemical features of primary cells from a pediatric patient with a gain-of-function ODC1 genetic mutation
Authors: Schultz Chad R. , Bupp Caleb P. , Rajasekaran Surender , Bachmann André S. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We recently described a new autosomal dominant genetic disorder in a pediatric patient caused by a heterozygous de novo mutation in the ornithine decarboxylase 1 (ODC1) gene. The new genetic disorder is characterized by global developmental delay, alopecia, overgrowth, and dysmorphic features. We hypothesized that this new mutation (c.1342 A&gt;T) leads to a C-terminal truncation variant of the ODC protein that is resistant to normal proteasomal degradation, leading to putrescine accumulation in cells. ODC (E.C. 4.1.1.17) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) that plays a crucial role during embryogenesis, organogenesis, and tumorigenesis. In this study, we show that primary dermal fibroblasts derived from a skin biopsy of a 3-year-old patient contain large amounts of ODC protein and putrescine compared with primary dermal (neonatal and adult) fibroblast control cells. Importantly, the accumulated ODC protein variant remained functionally active as we detected exceptionally high ODC enzyme activity in both primary dermal fibroblasts (12–17-fold of controls) and red blood cells (RBCs) (125–137-fold of controls), using a specific 14C radioactive ODC activity assay. Exposure of primary dermal fibroblasts to ODC inhibitor α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) reduced the ODC activity and putrescine to levels observed in controls without adversely affecting cell morphology or inducing cell death. In conclusion, our patient and potentially other patients that carry a similar ODC1 gain-of-function mutation might benefit from treatment with DFMO, a drug with a good safety profile, to suppress the exceptionally high ODC activity and putrescine levels in the body.
Riboswitches: choosing the best platform
Authors: Arnvig Kristine B. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Riboswitch discovery and characterisation have come a long way since the term was first coined almost two decades ago. Riboswitches themselves are likely derived from ancient ligand-binding transcripts, which have evolved into sophisticated genetic control elements that are widespread in prokaryotes. Riboswitches are associated with a multitude of cellular processes including biosynthetic pathways, transport mechanisms and stress responses leading to an ever-increasing appreciation for an in-depth understanding of their triggers and functions in order to address physiological and regulatory questions. The majority of riboswitches exert their control via transcriptional or translational expression platforms depending on their genetic context. It remains, however, to be determined precisely why one platform is favoured over another. Is this a question of the layout of the gene expression machinery, ligand availability, the degree of control required, serendipity or various combinations of these? With this review, rather than providing answers, I am hoping to plant a seed for further scientific discussions about this puzzle.
Compact ultra‐wideband bandstop filter using capacitive loads
Authors: Liu Baoguang , Lyu Yun‐Peng , Zhu Lei , Cheng Chonghu 
Published: June 2019

A compact UWB band‐stop filter (BSF) using capacitive loads is proposed. In contrast to its traditional counterparts, this proposed BSF only consists of two capacitors and a short‐ended coupled line (C‐section). By introducing capacitors inside the C‐section and between two ports, respectively, cross‐coupling and source/load coupling are introduced to create up to four transmission zeros. Meanwhile, shunt capacitive effect of loaded capacitors can further reduce the length of C‐section. After working principle and design method of this proposed BSF are well‐illustrated, a prototype with 20 dB fractional bandwidth of 110% at 4.24 GHz is finally designed and fabricated. It occupies only 0.45λg × 0.061λg, where λg is the guided wavelength at the centre frequency.
5 GHz Band n79 wideband microacoustic filter using thin lithium niobate membrane
Authors: Turner P.J. , Garcia B. , Yantchev V. , Dyer G. , Yandrapalli S. , Villanueva L.G. , Hammond R.B. , Plessky V. 
Published: June 2019

Microacoustic resonators made on suspended continuous membranes of LiNbO3 were recently shown to have very strong coupling and low losses at ≥5 GHz, suitable for high‐performance filter design. Employing these simple resonator structures, the authors have designed, fabricated, and measured a 4.7 GHz bandpass ladder‐type filter having 1 dB mid‐band loss and 600 MHz bandwidth to address the 5G Band n79 requirements. The filter is fabricated on a monolithic substrate using standard i‐line optical lithography and standard semiconductor processing methods for membrane release, starting with commercially available ion‐sliced wafers having 400 nm thickness crystalline LiNbO3 layers. The filter is well‐matched to a 50 Ω network and does not require external matching elements. Through accurate resonator engineering using our finite element method software filter design environment, the passband is spurious‐free, and the filter provides better‐than 30 dB rejection to the adjacent WiFi frequencies. This filter demonstrates the performance and scalable technology required for high‐volume manufacturing of microacoustic filters >3.5 GHz.
CMOS OOK modulator with fast envelope transient
Authors: Chang S.‐E. , Chen Y.‐J.E. 
Published: June 2019

This Letter presents a 2 GHz 130 nm CMOS absorptive on–off keying (OOK) modulator. The loop matching technique is proposed to realise wideband matching such that fast modulation envelope transient can be achieved. The parallel LC network is adopted to reduce the impedance variation between the ON and OFF states of the modulator. The CMOS OOK modulator is capable of delivering the modulation data rate of 734 Mbps, leading to the data‐to‐carrier‐ratio of 36.7%.
Impact of optimum power factor of PV‐controlled inverter on the aging and cost‐effectiveness of oil‐filled transformer considering long‐term characteristics
Authors: Salama Mohamed M.M. , Mansour Diaa‐Eldin A. , Abdelmakasoud Samir Mohamed , Abbas Ahmed A. 
Published: June 2019

The photovoltaic (PV) system is one of the most widespread of the renewable energy generation systems that are being used to meet the continuously increasing energy demand. A proposed analytical method is used to find the optimum power factor of PV inverter (PVI) that leads to minimum aging, reduced energy losses cost of the transformer, lower payback period of PV system, and lower green houses gases (GHG) emissions due to the transformer energy losses. In this study, the thermal performance of a 630 kVA mineral oil‐filled transformer is simulated in MATLAB programming language. For an association, it is mandatory to connect a PV system to the grid to minimise the transformer loading. The PV output power is used to study the long‐term impact of the solar irradiance on the transformer thermal performance. Also, the long‐term climatic characteristics are considered. The ambient temperature surrounding the transformer is considered all day long. The load current profile was measured all day long. The results show the aging and cost‐effectiveness of the transformer and the payback period of PV system and GHG emissions are a function of PVI power factor.
Solar flare forecasting using morphological properties of sunspot groups
Authors: Falco Mariachiara , Costa Pierfrancesco , Romano Paolo 
Published: June 2019

We describe a new tool developed for solar flare forecasting on the base of some sunspot group properties. Assuming that the flare frequency follows the Poisson statistics, this tool uses a database containing the morphological characteristics of the sunspot groups daily observed by the Equatorial Spar of INAF – Catania Astrophysical Observatory since January 2002 up today. By means of a linear combination of the flare rates computed on the base of some properties of the sunspot groups, like area, number of pores and sunspots, Zurich class, relative importance between leading spot and density of the sunspot population, and type of penumbra of the main sunspot, we determine the probability percentages that a flare of a particular energy range may occur. Comparing our forecasts with the flares registered by GOES satellites in the 1–8 Å X-ray band during the subsequent 24 h we measured the performance of our method. We found that this method, which combines some morphological parameters and a statistical technique, has the best performances for the strongest events, which are more interesting for their implications in the Earth environment.
Content and Face Validity of the Mackey Childbirth Satisfaction Rating Scale Questionnaire Cross-culturally Adapted to Brazilian Portuguese
Authors: Lopes Fernanda , Carvas Júnior Nelson , Nakamura Mary Uchiyama , Nomura Roseli Mieko Yamamoto 
Published: June 2019

Objective The aim of this study was to determine the content and face validity of the Mackey Childbirth Satisfaction Rating Scale (MCSRS) questionnaire cross-culturally adapted to Brazilian Portuguese.
Methods The MCSRS is a questionnaire with 34 items related to childbirth satisfaction. The forward- and back-translated versions were compared with the original material, and 10 experts analyzed each item according to the following criteria: clarity, semantic equivalence, appropriateness, and cultural relevance. The final version was presented to 10 mothers for face validation to ensure the questionnaire would suit the target population.
Results The total of 34 items assessed by experts for clarity, semantic equivalence, appropriateness, and relevance showed positive agreement of 0.85, 0.92, 0.97 and 0.97; negative agreement of 0.13, 0.09, 0.04 and 0.04; and total agreement of 0.75; 0.85, 0.94 and 0.94, respectively. Multilevel linear modeling was applied with crossed random effects and with nested random effects for each judge. The intercept of each criterion was as follows: clarity, 0.87; semantic equivalence, 0.92; appropriateness, 0.96; and cultural relevance, 0.96. The overall mean of agreement was 92.8%. The face validity measurement yielded 80% of agreement on the items, all of them clearly understood.
Conclusion The final version of the Brazilian Portuguese MCSRS questionnaire had face and content validity confirmed. This instrument of evaluation of maternal satisfaction during childbirth was validated to be applied in the Brazilian female population.
Probing the limits of activity-silent non-conscious working memory
Authors: Trübutschek Darinka , Marti Sébastien , Ueberschär Henrik , Dehaene Stanislas 
Published: June 2019

Significance
Our work tackles a current debate regarding working memory (WM). Traditionally, this ability to maintain and manipulate information has been thought to require conscious processing and persistent neural activity. Recent evidence challenges this assumption: Information may be briefly stored without conscious awareness and sustained neural activity. Here, we reconcile these competing views. We recorded brain activity while adults remembered or mentally rotated subjectively visible or invisible stimuli. We showed that the mere short-term storage of information may proceed without consciousness or persistent neural activity. However, manipulating information in WM during rotation required both. Thus, non-conscious, activity-silent maintenance is a genuine phenomenon but should be termed “activity-silent short-term memory”; when using a memory, a reactivation, associated with conscious reportability, is necessary.
High-resolution contrast-enhanced microCT reveals the true three-dimensional morphology of the murine placenta
Authors: De Clercq Katrien , Persoons Eleonora , Napso Tina , Luyten Catherine , Parac-Vogt Tatjana N. , Sferruzzi-Perri Amanda N. , Kerckhofs Greet , Vriens Joris 
Published: June 2019

Significance
During pregnancy, the placenta functions as surrogate fetal lungs, kidneys, and gut. Proper placental functioning is therefore paramount during embryonic development. Indeed, placental defects are highly prevalent in mouse mutants showing embryonic death. Here we validate a contrast agent that allows development of the intact placenta to be visualized using microfocus computed topography. This technique enables an initial 3D inspection of the overall placental structure and provides the possibility to quantify different compartments in the placenta. Moreover, the nondestructive nature of this contrast agent permits further histological processing of the same sample when defects are observed.
From religious performances to martial themes
Authors: Ghaffari Soudeh 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper deconstructs how religious musical eulogies, as the most important discursive practices of Shi’a rituals (Ghaffari 2019), were used as “war songs” serving to construct the Iranian national identity during the 1980–1988 Iraq-Iran war. These musical practices (in)formed the wider ideological and persuasive rhetoric of Iranians. In this paper, I analyse the textual and musical features of the audio-recorded versions of ten well-known war songs. The Discourse-Historical Approach (Reisigl and Wodak 2016) is used to analyse the discursive strategies and persuasive rhetorical tools within the lyrics. I draw onMachin (2010),Machin and Richardson (2012)andvan Leeuwen (1999)to analyse various features of voice and the modality of sounds. This paper concludes that, by reflecting the power of religious discourse in the non-religious and highly nationalistic occasion of war, Iranian war songs were inspired by the religious eulogies in encouraging the Iranian nation to attend the war fronts.
Antioxidant enzyme activity and growth responses of Huangguogan citrus cultivar to nitrogen supplementation
Authors: Liao Ling , Dong Tiantian , Qiu Xia , Rong Yi , Sun Guochao , Wang Zhihui , Zhu Jin 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
This study examined the physiological effects of different amounts of nitrogen (N) supplementation (0 to 2.72 kg/year) on the citrus cultivar Huangguogan (Citrus reticulata × Citrus sinensis). Root activity, chlorophyll content, and fruit quality were measured, and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and soluble protein in root, leaf, and fruit tissues were examined at different developmental stages. Root activity, chlorophyll content, fruit quality, antioxidant enzyme activity, MDA content, and soluble protein content increased in plants treated with an appropriate amount of N. Both excessive N and N deficiency decreased the content of MDA and the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Application of 1.36–1.81 kg N/year is suggested for citrus fertilization and the lower end of this range is recommended for minimizing environmental impact and production cost.