bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No evidence of a rural‐urban divide in prioritizing agricultural policy goals
Authors: El Benni Nadja , Finger Robert , Irek Judith , Mack Gabriele , Ammann Jeanine 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRural‐urban divides have been found in various policy fields, but it remains unclear if they exist in agricultural policy. We analyzed the policy preferences of 1542 Swiss respondents, ranging from very rural to very urban. Respondents prioritized different pairs of conflicting goals, that is, two economic goals versus four conflicting agri‐environmental goals. We find no evidence of a rural‐urban divide in the prioritization of agricultural policy goals. Respondents prioritize economic goals over environmental goals. Efforts to make agriculture more environmentally sustainable do not per se create a rural‐urban divide, but policies should focus on reducing trade‐offs between economic and environmental goals.
A Novel Mouse Model for Cerebral Inflammatory Demyelination in X‐Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy: Insights into Pathogenesis and Potential Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Hashemi Ezzat , Srivastava Isha N. , Aguirre Alejandro , Yoseph Ezra T. , Kaushal Esha , Awani Avni , Ryu Jae K. , Akassoglou Katerina , Talebian Shahrzad , Chu Pauline , Pisani Laura , Musolino Patricia , Steinman Lawrence , Doyle Kristian , Robinson William H. , Sharpe Orr , Cayrol Romain , Orchard Paul J. , Lund Troy , Vogel Hannes , Lenail Max , Han May H. , Bonkowsky Joshua L. , Van Haren Keith P. 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveX‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is caused by mutations in ABCD1, a peroxisomal gene. More than half of males with an ABCD1 mutation develop inflammatory cerebral demyelination (cALD), but underlying mechanisms remain unknown and therapies are limited. We sought to develop and characterize a mouse model of cALD to facilitate study of disease mechanisms and therapy development.MethodsWe used immunoassays and immunohistochemistry to assess novel (interleukin 18 [IL‐18]) and established molecular markers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and postmortem brain tissue from cALD patients. We generated a cALD phenotype in Abcd1‐knockout mice using a 2‐hit method that combines cuprizone and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis models. We then used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and immunohistochemistry to assess the fidelity of cALD molecular markers in the mice.ResultsHuman and mouse cALD lesions shared histologic features of myelin phagocytosis, myelin loss, abundant microglial activation, T and B‐cell infiltration, and astrogliosis. Compared to wild‐type controls, Abcd1‐knockout mice displayed more cerebral demyelination, blood–brain barrier disruption, and perivascular immune cell infiltration. This enhanced inflammatory response was associated with higher levels of fibrin deposition, oxidative stress, demyelination, and axonal injury. IL‐18 immunoreactivity co‐localized with perivascular monocytes/macrophages in both human and mouse brain tissue. In cALD patients, CSF IL‐18 levels correlated with MRI lesion severity.InterpretationOur results suggest loss of Abcd1 function in mice predisposes to more severe blood–brain barrier disruption, cerebral inflammation driven by the infiltration of peripheral immune cells, demyelination, and axonal damage, replicating human cALD features. This novel mouse model could shed light on cALD mechanisms and accelerate cALD therapy development. ANN NEUROL 2025;97:296–312
Selective Monoborylation of Methane by a Mono Bipyridyl‐Nickel(II) Hydride Catalyst
Authors: Kalita Rahul , Chauhan Manav , Gupta Poorvi , Begum Wahida , Manna Kuntal 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe report the development of an earth‐abundant metal catalyst for methane C−H borylation. The post‐synthetic metalation of bipyridine‐functionalized zirconium metal‐organic framework (MOF) with NiBr2, followed by treatment with NaEt3BH affords MOF‐supported monomeric bipyridyl‐nickel(II) dihydride species via active site isolation. The heterogeneous and recyclable nickel catalyst selectively borylates methane at 200 °C using pinacolborane (HBpin) to afford CH3Bpin in 61 % yield with a turnover number (TON) up to 1388. The confinement of the active NiH2‐species within the uniformly porous MOF allows selective monoborylation of methane via shape‐selective catalysis by preventing the formation of sterically encumbered overborylated products. Unlike MOF−Ni catalyst, its homogeneous control is almost inactive in methane borylation due to its intermolecular decomposition. Our mechanistic investigation, including spectroscopic, kinetic, and control experiments, as well as DFT calculations, revealed that stabilizing mononuclear bipyridyl‐nickel dihydride and diboryl species by MOF is crucial for achieving efficient methane borylation via turnover‐limiting σ‐bond metathesis. This work shows promise in designing MOF‐based abundant metal catalysts for the chemoselective functionalization of methane and other inert molecules into valuable chemicals.
Copper‐Catalyzed γ‐C(sp3)−H Lactamization and Iminolactonization
Authors: Sheng Tao , Zhuang Zhe , Zhao Zhihan , Hoque Md Emdadul , Yu Jin‐Quan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDespite extensive efforts to develop γ‐lactamization reactions for pyrrolidinone synthesis using either cyclometallation, C−H insertion, or radical C−H abstraction strategies, γ‐lactamization reactions of aliphatic amides using practical catalysts and common protecting groups remain extremely rare. Herein we report copper‐catalyzed γ‐C(sp3)−H lactamization and iminolactonization of tosyl‐protected aliphatic amides using inexpensive Selectfluor as the sole oxidant. A switchable selectivity of γ‐lactams or γ‐iminolactones can be obtained by using two different sets of reaction conditions. Notably, structurally diverse spiro‐, fused‐, and bridged‐lactams and iminolactones, as well as isoindolinones are accessible by this method. Further derivatization of the γ‐lactam products enables the synthesis of a range of biologically important motifs, including γ‐amino acids, δ‐amino alcohols, and pyrrolidines.
C−H Alkylation of Heterocycles via Light‐Mediated Palladium Catalysis
Authors: Senapati Sudip , Kumar Hota Sudhir , Kloene Lennard , Empel Claire , Murarka Sandip , Koenigs Rene M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMethods enabling direct C−H alkylation of heterocycles are of fundamental importance in the late‐stage modification of natural products, bioactive molecules, and medicinally relevant compounds. However, there is a scarcity of a general strategy for the direct C−H alkylation of a variety of heterocycles using commercially available alkyl surrogates. We report an operationally simple palladium‐catalyzed direct C−H alkylation of heterocycles using alkyl halides under the visible light irradiation with good scalability and functional group tolerance. Our studies suggest that the photoinduced alkylation proceeds through a cascade of events comprising, site‐selective alkyl radical addition, base‐assisted deprotonation, and oxidation. A combination of experiments and computations was employed for the generalization of this strategy, which was successfully translated towards the modification of natural products and pharmaceuticals.
Mott Memristors for Neuromorphics
Authors: Zhao Zherui , Luan Wanhong , Zhai Yongbiao , Lv Ziyu , Zhang Meng , Yan Yan , Xue Shuangmei , Zhou Kui , Ding Guanglong , Han Su‐Ting , Roy Vellaisamy A. L. , Zhou Ye 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNeuromorphic computing has emerged as a key solution for overcoming the challenge of von Neumann bottleneck, offering a pathway to more efficient and biologically inspired computing systems. A crucial advancement in this field is the utilization of Mott insulators, where the metal‐insulator transition (MIT) elicits substantial alterations in material properties, infusing renewed vigor into the progression of neuromorphic systems. This review begins by explaining the MIT mechanisms and the preparation processes of Mott insulators, followed by an introduction of Mott memristors and memristor arrays, showing different types of multidimensional integration styles. The applications of Mott memristor in neuromorphic computing are then discussed, which include artificial synapse designs and various artificial neuron architectures for sensory recognition and logic calculation. Finally, facing challenges and potential future directions are outlined for utilizing Mott memristors in the advancement of neuromorphic computing. This review aims to provide a thorough understanding of the latest advancements in Mott memristors and their applications, offering a comprehensive reference for further research in related areas, and contributing to bridging the gap between traditional silicon‐based electronics and future brain‐inspired architectures.
Thermoluminescence and Kinetic Parameters of Beta Rays Irradiated Egyptian Muscovite
Authors: Farouk Shrouk , El‐Faramawy Nabil 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe current work was going to study the dosimetric properties of Egyptian muscovite minerals irradiated with β‐rays using the thermoluminescence technique (TL). The analysis of the TL glow curves was done using the (Tm − Tstop) and the initial rise methods. The deconvolution of the muscovite glow curves was analyzed to have eight superimposed trapping peaks. These trapes were located at 0.72, 0.80, 0.98, 1.09, 1.19, 1.30, 1.50, and 1.59 eV. Muscovite samples were studied at doses up to 330 Gy and exhibited good linearity in relation to beta radiation. The kinetic parameters, sensitivity, and dosimetric characteristics were evaluated. High accuracy was achieved through the repeatability of TL measurements.
Enhanced signal to noise ratio of single entity electrochemistry signal of platinum nanoparticles using passive silver ultramicroelectrode
Authors: Yoon Seongkyeong , Na Jaedo , Moon Sun Gyu , Kim Heewon , Kim Ki Jun , Kwon Seong Jung 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe single‐entity electrochemistry (SEE) of electrocatalytic platinum (Pt) single nanoparticles (NPs) on a less electrocatalytic silver (Ag) ultramicroelectrode (UME) surface was investigated using the electrocatalytic amplification method. Two characteristic types of current responses—current staircases and blips (or spikes)—were observed during single NP collision experiments, depending on the applied potential at the Ag UME. Notably, at applied potentials of 0.13 and 0.17 V, the Ag UME becomes passive due to the formation of a delicate oxide layer, resulting in a highly stable background current. This leads to an enhanced signal‐to‐noise (S/N) ratio, attributed to the low background current, when using Ag UME compared to commonly used UMEs such as Au, C, Ni, and Hg for the SEE of Pt NPs. The exceptionally low background current can provide a significant advantage for detailed observation of SEE signals and further mechanistic studies based on the current response.
Critical factors to adopt sustainable agrifood supply chain management in developing countries: The case of Ethiopian coffee industry
Authors: Habib Adem M. , Ren Jun , Matellini Ben , Jenkinson Ian , Paraskevadakis Dimitrios 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGlobal agrifood supply chains are under increasing pressure to address sustainability issues due to growing concerns. However, numerous organizations within the agrifood industry are struggling to incorporate sustainable supply chain management practices and address the concerns. Therefore, this research is designed to identify the key critical factors, such as drivers, enablers, and barriers to adopting sustainable practices. This study considers the Ethiopian coffee industry, which is an important sector not only for the Ethiopian economy but also for the global agrifood supply chain. To accomplish the objectives of this study, we applied a systematic literature review and empirical survey. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify critical factors for adopting sustainability in agrifood supply chains. An empirical survey was then undertaken in the Ethiopian coffee industry to rank the key critical factors. Hence, the study has revealed that economic and productivity improvement, cost effectiveness and improvement in the overall performance, and difficulty in mindset and cultural changes as the key critical factors that determine the adoption of sustainability initiatives from the perspectives of the Ethiopian coffee supply chain. The findings can be used as input by government regulatory bodies and policymakers to craft strategies and policies to adopt sustainability initiatives and ensure sustainable development. Furthermore, the research is expected to contribute to the existing literature by bringing in the perspective of suppliers in developing countries.
Developing Individualized Follow‐Up Strategies Based on High‐Risk Recurrence Factors and Dynamic Risk Assessment for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
Authors: Qiu Jianjian , Yu Yilin , Wang Zhiping , Hong Liang , Shao Lingdong , Wu Junxin 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundLocally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, and its incidence is increasing year by year. Despite multimodal treatment, the recurrence rate of LARC patients remains high, about 20%–50%. However, the follow‐up strategy according to tumor stage has certain limitations. There is no consensus on the optimal frequency and duration of follow‐up. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the high‐risk factors for recurrence in LARC from clinical characteristics, nutritional indicators, and imaging indexes. It intends to utilize conditional survival (CS) evaluation to assess dynamic survival and recurrence risks after comprehensive treatment of LARC and to develop individualized follow‐up strategies.MethodsLogistic regression was utilized to analyze the independent recurrence factors in LARC patients. Calibration curve, decision curve, and ROC curve were employed to evaluate the model's efficacy. Kaplan–Meier curve was used to calculate CS rate and compare survival differences among different risk groups.ResultsA total of 561 patients were analyzed in our study. Our multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the prognostic nutritional index (PNI), extramural vascular invasion (EMVI), vascular tumor thrombus, perineural invasion, and tumor size were independent factors for recurrence. Subsequently, a nomogram model was constructed and risk stratification was performed. Calibration curves and decision curves demonstrated that the model exhibited good clinical efficacy. The area under the ROC curve for the model was 0.763, indicating good sensitivity and specificity. Kaplan–Meier curves showed significant differences in survival among different risk groups. Furthermore, we observed that the CS without local recurrence and distant metastasis increased each year, while the cumulative recurrence risk decreased annually with prolonged survival time. Tailored follow‐up intensities were developed for different risk groups and clinical stages based on the cumulative recurrence risk.ConclusionThe personalized follow‐up strategy based on risk stratification can optimize resource allocation, early detection of recurrence or metastasis, and ultimately enhance the overall care and prognosis of LARC patients.
Safety and Efficacy of Rechallenge With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Advanced Solid Tumor: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Xu Huijun , Yang Yang , Yan Ying , Li Mengge , Wu Shusheng , Cao Lulu , Chen Wenju , Luo Huiqin , He Yifu 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have drastically shifted the current landscape toward a wide variety of malignancies. However, ICIs are interrupted owing immune‐related adverse events (irAEs), therapy completion, and disease progression. The risk–benefit of rechallenged ICIs remains inconclusive. Herein, a systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ICI rechallenge in the treatment of advanced solid tumor.MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched to analyze the efficacy and safety of ICI rechallenge. The study protocol was approved by the PROSPERO International Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42022372222). The last updated search date was March 2, 2024. Objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS), and incidence rates of all‐ and high‐grade irAEs were evaluated.ResultsA total of 41 retrospective studies comprising 2343 patients were ultimately enrolled for qualitative and quantitative assessments. A total of 1200 (51.2%) individuals were male and the median age was 66 years (range 18–97 years). The majority of the tumors was lung cancer (n = 898, 38.3%). The occurrence rates of all‐grade and high‐grade (grade 3 or 4) irAEs between initial and readministration ICIs were not significantly different (all‐grade: OR, 0.75, 95% CI: 0.39–1.45, p = 0.40; I2 = 87%; high‐grade: OR, 0.96, 95% CI: 0.62–1.49, p = 0.87, I2 = 65%). ICIs restart presented a decreased ORR and DCR compared to initial ICI administration (ORR: OR, 0.36, 95% CI: 0.23–0.56, p < 0.00001; I2 = 67%; DCR: OR, 0.62, 95% CI: 0.43–0.89, p = 0.010; I2 = 53%). Seven studies with 513 patients for survival analysis revealed a nonsignificant difference in OS between the ICIs rechallenge and discontinuation cohorts (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.68, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.35 to 1.35, p = 0.27).ConclusionRechallenging immunotherapy is feasible, and patients should be carefully evaluated by a multidisciplinary team prior to initial therapy for close monitoring and assessment of the risk–benefit ratio. Therefore, prospective trials are essential to guide clinicians in the decision‐making process.PROSPERO Registration: CRD42022372222.
Circadian Rhythm Disruption in Cancer Survivors: From Oncogenesis to Quality of Life
Authors: Kisamore Claire O. , Kisamore Caleb A. , Walker William H. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundCircadian rhythms are approximately 24‐hour cycles in physiological and behavioral processes. They are entrained to the external solar day via blue wavelength light. Disruptions in these intrinsic rhythms can lead to circadian dysfunction, which has several negative implications on human health, including cancer development and progression.AimsHere we review the molecular mechanisms of circadian disruption and their impact on tumor development and progression, discuss the interplay between circadian dysfunction and cancer in basic scientific studies and clinical data, and propose the potential clinical implications of these data that may be used to improve patient outcomes and reduce cost of treatment.Materials & MethodsUsing scientific literature databases, relevant studies were analyzed to draw overarching conclusions of the relationship between circadian rhythm dysruption and cancer.ConclusionsCircadian disruption can be mediated by a number of environmental factors such as exposure to light at night, shift work, jetlag, and social jetlag which drive oncogenesis. Tumor growth and progression, as well as treatment, can lead to long‐term alterations in circadian rhythms that negatively affect quality of life in cancer survivors.
Cracking Lysine Crotonylation (Kcr): Enlightening a Promising Post‐Translational Modification
Authors: Westerveld Marinda , Besermenji Kosta , Aidukas David , Ostrovitsa Nikita , Petracca Rita 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLysine crotonylation (Kcr) is a recently discovered post‐translational modification (PTM). Both histone and non‐histone Kcr‐proteins have been associated with numerous diseases including cancer, acute kidney injury, HIV latency, and cardiovascular disease. Histone Kcr enhances gene expression to a larger extend than the extensively studied lysine acetylation (Kac), suggesting Kcr as a novel potential therapeutic target. Although numerous scientific reports on crotonylation were published in the last years, relevant knowledge gaps concerning this PTM and its regulation still remain. To date, only few selective Kcr‐interacting proteins have been identified and selective methods for the enrichment of Kcr‐proteins in chemical proteomics analysis are still lacking. The development of new techniques to study this underexplored PTM could then clarify its function in health and disease and hopefully accelerate the development of new therapeutics for Kcr‐related disease. Herein we briefly review what is known about the regulation mechanisms of Kcr and the current methods used to identify Kcr‐proteins and their interacting partners. This report aims to highlight the significant potential of Kcr as a therapeutic target and to identify the existing scientific gaps that new research must address.
Facial Merkel cell carcinoma in a 92‐year‐old man: A case report
Authors: Zhang Zhiqiang , Shi Weiwei , Zhang Ruzhi 
Published: October 2024

Key Clinical MessageMerkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and aggressive skin cancer that can be easily misdiagnosed in its early stages. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for rapidly growing skin lesions in elderly patients and promptly investigate with histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Treatment for MCC should be individualized, considering the patient's age, overall health, and quality of life. Close follow‐up is essential to detect recurrence or metastasis early.
Fusion of Hydrophobic Anchor Peptides Promotes the Hydrolytic Activity of PETase but not the Extent of PET Depolymerization
Authors: Wang Yongjie , Akram Ekram , Ding Yujing , He Chengzhi , Zhang Yifei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEnzymatic recycling of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has attracted significant attention in recent years. While the fusion of anchor peptides to PET hydrolases is believed to enhance PET hydrolytic activity, a quantitative analysis is yet lacking. Here, we construct four fusion enzymes by fusing anchor peptides (including hydrophobic LCI, LCIM1 and TA2, and hydrophilic EK4) to the C terminus of HotPETase, one of the most active PET hydrolases for high‐crystallinity PET (HC‐PET). Single‐molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) demonstrates that hydrophobic anchor peptides promote adhesive interactions between the fusion enzymes and the PET surface. This is also validated by the adsorption kinetics and isotherms, and the saturated adsorption capacity remains unaltered compared to HotPETase. At low substrate loadings, the apparent hydrolytic activity of these fusion enzymes is positively related to the hydrophobicity of the anchor peptides. Among them, HotPETase‐LCI stands out as the most effective enzyme for HC‐PET degradation, demonstrating a 1.5‐fold increase in hydrolytic activity. At high substrate loadings, the advantages of fusion with anchor peptides diminish. We conclude that fusion enzymes only facilitate the hydrolytic rates of reactions for HC‐PET but have little effect on the final conversion extent.