bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controls on stratigraphy and sedimentation of the Mississippian Marshall Formation, Michigan Basin, USA
Authors: Adducci Joseph G. , Barnes David A. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
An understanding of regional orogenic, climatic, and eustatic processes is critical to interbasinal correlation of Paleozoic strata in eastern North America. Tectonic activity associated with the culmination of Appalachian orogenic events has been shown to have regional influence on paleostructure and sediment dispersal in the Appalachian foreland basin and adjacent intracratonic Illinois and Michigan Basins. The culmination of the Acadian orogeny at the end of the Devonian represents the beginning of a period of general tectonic quiescence extending throughout the early and middle Mississippian in eastern North America. Early Mississippian strata in the Michigan Basin are distinctive and mark the transition from marine shale and carbonate-dominated sedimentation during much of the Late Ordovician through Late Devonian to siliciclastic-dominated deposition throughout much of the Carboniferous. The Osagean Stage Marshall Formation constitutes an important coarse-grained siliciclastic formation in the Michigan Basin. Despite numerous outcrop studies and early subsurface investigations, the Marshall Formation remains poorly understood in terms of depositional controls and stratigraphic relationships to related Mississippian strata in Michigan and correlative strata in adjacent basins.
This work documents sedimentological and sequence stratigraphic relationships in early–middle Mississippian, generally clastic-dominated strata of the Marshall and lower Michigan Formations (as described in previous literature). Utilizing 535 well logs and core-to-log calibration in conjunction with detailed descriptions of seven cored intervals spanning the Michigan Basin, new stratigraphic relationships are presented suggesting the Marshall Formation and informal stray sandstone units are genetically related and reflect tectonic, eustatic, and climatic processes that occurred in the Michigan Basin during the early Carboniferous.
Pennsylvanian Pewamo Formation and Haybridge strata of central Michigan: The youngest rocks of the Michigan Basin?
Authors: Benison Kathleen C. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
Pennsylvanian red beds are the youngest known rocks in the Michigan Basin. Two new formation-level units, the Pewamo Formation and the Haybridge strata, have recently been described. The Pewamo Formation, composed of Pennsylvanian red sandstones and minor laminated mudstones, is known from outcrops, abandoned quarries, and one core in Ionia County. The Haybridge unit is located in the shallow subsurface and in coal mine tailing piles in Shiawassee County. It consists of red sandstone, red mudstone, coal, and gray mudstone, all hosting Pennsylvanian macroscopic plant fossils. Neither the Pewamo nor the Haybridge rocks have any demonstrated relationship to red core cuttings reported as Jurassic from the central Lower Peninsula of Michigan. No firm evidence exists for Jurassic, or any other post-Pennsylvanian rocks in the Michigan Basin. The red core cuttings may be glacial sediments with reworked palynomorphs from rocks transported from elsewhere. A shallow coring project, followed by detailed sedimentologic, petrographic, mineralogic, and paleontologic studies, is necessary to: (1) refine the vertical and lateral stratigraphy of the Pennsylvanian rocks in Michigan; (2) solve the “Jurassic red bed problem”; and (3) understand the late Pennsylvanian–Pleistocene history of the Michigan Basin.
Impact of exercise on articular cartilage in people at risk of, or with established, knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Bricca Alessio , Juhl Carsten B , Steultjens Martijn , Wirth Wolfgang , Roos Ewa M 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of knee joint loading exercise on articular cartilage in people at risk of, or with established, knee osteoarthritis (OA) by conducting a systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs).DesignWe followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines.Data sourcesWe performed a literature search with no restriction on publication year or language in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Web of Science up to September 2017.Eligibility criteriaRCTs investigating the impact of exercise on MRI-assessed articular cartilage in people over 18 years of age.ResultsWe included nine trials, including a total of 14 comparisons of cartilage morphometry, morphology and composition outcomes, of which two included participants at increased risk of knee OA and 12 included participants with knee OA. In participants at increased risk, one study comparison reported no effect on cartilage defects and one had positive effects on glycosaminoglycans (GAG). In participants with OA, six study comparisons reported no effect on cartilage thickness, volume or defects; one reported a negative effect and one no effect on GAG; two reported a positive effect and two no effect on collagen.ConclusionsKnee joint loading exercise seems to not be harmful for articular cartilage in people at increased risk of, or with, knee OA. However, the quality of evidence was low, including some interventions studying activities considered outside the therapeutic loading spectrum to promote cartilage health.
Effect of Baduanjin exercise on cognitive function in patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Zheng Guohua , Zheng Yuhui , Xiong Zhenyu , Ye Bingzhao , Tao Jing , Chen Lidian 
Published: June 2018

IntroductionPoststroke cognitive impairment is one of the most common complications in stroke survivors, and >65% of these patients suffer from cognitive impairment at 12 months following onset, which strongly affects the rehabilitation of their motor function and quality of life. Therefore, it is important to improve the cognitive ability of stroke survivors. As an important component of traditional Chinese Qigong exercises, characterised by the coordination of mind and body with a low exercise intensity, Baduanjin has the potential benefit of improving cognitive ability for patients who had a stroke with cognitive impairment. The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness and safety of Baduanjin training on the cognitive function of stroke survivors.Method and analysisThis study is designed as a randomised, two-arm parallel controlled trial with allocation concealment and assessors blinding. A total of 48 participants will be recruited and randomly allocated into the Baduanjin exercise intervention or control group. Baduanjin intervention will last 24 weeks with a frequency of 3 days a week and 40 min a day. Global cognitive function and the specific domains of cognition (ie, memory, processing speed, execution, attention and visuospatial ability) will be measured at baseline, 8, 16 and, 24 weeks after intervention and after an additional 4-week follow-up period, while the motor function and quality of life will be measured at baseline, 24 weeks after intervention and after an additional 4-week follow-up period.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Subsidiary Rehabilitation Hospital (approval number: 2016KY-022–01). The findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and at scientific conferences.Trial registration numberChiCTR-INR-16009364; Pre-results.
Community-based parent-delivered early detection and intervention programme for infants at high risk of cerebral palsy in a low-resource country (Learning through Everyday Activities with Parents (LEAP-CP): protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Benfer Katherine A , Novak Iona , Morgan Catherine , Whittingham Koa , Khan Naila Zaman , Ware Robert S , Bell Kristie L , Bandaranayake Sasaka , Salt Alison , Ghosh Asis Kumar , Bhattacharya Anjan , Samanta Sandip , Moula Golam , Bose Dilip , Tripathi Santanu , Boyd Roslyn N 
Published: June 2018

IntroductionCerebral palsy (CP) is the most common childhood physical disability, with 80% estimated to be in low-middle-income countries. This study aims to (1) determine the accuracy of General Movements (GMs)/Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) for detecting CP at 18 months corrected age (CA); (2) determine the effectiveness of a community-based parent-delivered early intervention for infants at high risk of CP in West Bengal, India (Learning through Everyday Activities with Parents for infants with CP; LEAP-CP).MethodsThis study comprises two substudies: (1) a study of the predictive validity of the GMs and HINE for detecting CP; (2) randomised, double-blinded controlled trial of a novel intervention delivered through peer trainers (Community Disability Workers, CDW) compared with health advice (15 fortnightly visits). 142 infants at high risk of CP (‘absent fidgety’ GMs; ‘high risk score’ on HINE) aged 12–40 weeks CA will be recruited to the intervention substudy, with infants randomised based on a computer-generated sequence. Researchers will be masked to group allocation, and caregivers and CDWs naïve to intervention status. Visits will include therapeutic modules (goal-directed active motor/cognitive strategies and LEAP-CP games) and parent education. Health advice is based on the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness, WHO. Infants will be evaluated at baseline, post intervention and 18 months CA. The primary hypothesis is that infants receiving LEAP-CP will have greater scaled scores on the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory—Computer Adaptive Test (mobility domain) at 18 months compared with health advice. Secondary outcomes include infant functional motor, cognitive, visual and communication development; infant growth; maternal mental health.Ethics and disseminationThis study is approved through appropriate Australian and Indian ethics committees (see in text) with families providing written informed consent. Findings from this trial will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journal publications and conference presentations.Trial registration number12616000653460p; Pre-results.
Older kidney transplantation candidates’ expectations of improvement in life and health following kidney transplantation: semistructured interviews with enlisted dialysis patients aged 65 years and older
Authors: Lønning Kjersti , Midtvedt Karsten , Heldal Kristian , Andersen Marit Helen 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveThe aim was to study the expectations of improvement in life and health following kidney transplantation (KTx) in a population of wait-listed patients ≥65 years with end-stage kidney disease.DesignQualitative research with individual in-depth interviews.SettingPatients on dialysis enlisted for a KTx from a deceased donor were included from an ongoing study of older patients’ perspectives on KTx. Qualitative face-to-face interviews were conducted in a safe and familiar setting, and were analysed thematically using the theoretical framework of lifespan.InformantsFifteen patients (median age 70 years, range 65–82) from all parts of Norway were interviewed. Informants were included consecutively until no new information was gained.ResultsTwo main themes were evident: receiving a kidney is getting life back and grasp the chance. In addition, the themes ‘hard to loose capacity and strength’, ‘reduced freedom’ and ‘life on hold’ described the actual situation and thereby illuminated the informants’ expectations. The informants tried to balance positive expectations and realism towards KTx, and they were hoping to become free from dialysis and to live a normal life.ConclusionThis study shows that older KTx candidates comprise a heterogeneous group of patients who take individual approaches that allow them to maintain autonomy and control while waiting for a transplant. This study provides new knowledge about the older KTx candidates relevant for clinicians, patients and researchers.
Validation of EGFL6 expression as a prognostic marker in patients with lung adenocarcinoma in Taiwan: a retrospective study
Authors: Chang Chun-Chi , Sung Wen-Wei , Hsu Hui-Ting , Yeh Chung-Min , Lee Chien-Hsun , Chen Ya-Ling , Liu Ta-Chih , Yeh Kun-Tu 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveLung adenocarcinoma is a non-small cell lung cancer, a common cancer in both genders, and has poor clinical outcome. Our aim was to evaluate the role of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain multiple 6 (EGFL6) and its prognostic significance in lung adenocarcinoma.MethodsEGFL6 expression was studied by immunohistochemical staining of specimens from 150 patients with lung adenocarcinoma. The correlation between clinicopathological features and EGFL6 expression was quantitatively analysed. We used Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazard models to examine the prognostic value of EGFL6 in terms of overall survival.ResultsNo significant correlation was found between EGFL6 expression and clinical parameters. However, patients with high levels of EGFL6 expression showed a tendency towards poor prognosis, with borderline statistical significance. Grouping the patients according to a medium age value revealed a significant association between high EGFL6 expression and poor clinical outcome in young patients. This finding was further confirmed by grouping the patients into three groups according to age. HR in patients with high EGFL6 expression was higher in younger patients than in older patients.ConclusionHigh EGFL6 expression may serve as a marker for poor prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma, especially in younger patients.
Lactobacillus rhamnosusGG protects the intestinal epithelium from radiation injury through release of lipoteichoic acid, macrophage activation and the migration of mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Riehl Terrence E , Alvarado David , Ee Xueping , Zuckerman Aaron , Foster Lynn , Kapoor Vaishali , Thotala Dinesh , Ciorba Matthew A , Stenson William F 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveLactobacillus rhamnosusGG (LGG), a probiotic, given by gavage is radioprotective of the mouse intestine. LGG-induced radioprotection is toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-dependent and is associated with the migration of COX-2+mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from the lamina propria of the villus to the lamina propria near the crypt epithelial stem cells. Our goals were to define the mechanism of LGG radioprotection including identification of the TLR2 agonist, and the mechanism of the MSC migration and to determine the safety and efficacy of this approach in models relevant to clinical radiation therapy.DesignIntestinal radioprotection was modelled in vitro with cell lines and enteroids as well as in vivo by assaying clinical outcomes and crypt survival. Fractionated abdominal and single dose radiation were used along with syngeneic CT26 colon tumour grafts to assess tumour radioprotection.ResultsLGG with a mutation in the processing of lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a TLR2 agonist, was not radioprotective, while LTA agonist and native LGG were. An agonist of CXCR4 blocked LGG-induced MSC migration and LGG-induced radioprotection. LGG given by gavage induced expression of CXCL12, a CXCR4 agonist, in pericryptal macrophages and depletion of macrophages by clodronate liposomes blocked LGG-induced MSC migration and radioprotection. LTA effectively protected the normal intestinal crypt, but not tumours in fractionated radiation regimens.ConclusionsLGG acts as a ‘time-release capsule’ releasing radioprotective LTA. LTA then primes the epithelial stem cell niche to protect epithelial stem cells by triggering a multicellular, adaptive immune signalling cascade involving macrophages and PGE2 secreting MSCs.Trial registration numberNCT01790035; Pre-results.
The Old Red Group (Devonian) – Rotliegend Group (Permian) Unconformity in the Inner Moray Firth
Authors: Marshall J. E. A. , Glennie K. W. , Astin T. R. , Hewett A. J. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
A major stratigraphical problem in the offshore Paleozoic of the Inner Moray Firth is the identification of the top of the Devonian Old Red Sandstone Group beneath the lithologically similar Permian Rotliegend Group. Wireline log criteria for a revised Old Red Group to Permian boundary are given for the Inner Moray Firth. Section lines drawn using these criteria and flattened on the overlying Triassic Smith Bank or Permian Kupferschiefer formations show a relatively thin development of Rotliegend with two depocentres. The underlying Devonian when flattened on the Eday Marl shows a systematic subcrop pattern. There is currently no exposed onshore Old Red to Rotliegend boundary, but the possibility remains that a Permian section is present in the ‘Upper Old Red Sandstone’ of Tarbat in Easter Ross. An exposed Permian–Devonian boundary is present in East Greenland and provides an analogue for the Inner Moray Firth.
Automatically Distributing Eulerian and Hybrid Fluid Simulations in the Cloud
Authors: Mashayekhi Omid , Shah Chinmayee , Qu Hang , Lim Andrew , Levis Philip 
Published: June 2018

Distributing a simulation across many machines can drastically speed up computations and increase detail. The computing cloud provides tremendous computing resources, but weak service guarantees force programs to manage significant system complexity: nodes, networks, and storage occasionally perform poorly or fail.
We describe Nimbus, a system that automatically distributes grid-based and hybrid simulations across cloud computing nodes. The main simulation loop is sequential code and launches distributed computations across many cores. The simulation on each core runs as if it is stand-alone: Nimbus automatically stitches these simulations into a single, larger one. To do this efficiently, Nimbus introduces a four-layer data model that translates between the contiguous, geometric objects used by simulation libraries and the replicated, fine-grain objects managed by its underlying cloud computing runtime.

Using PhysBAM particle-level set fluid simulations, we demonstrate that Nimbus can run higher detail simulations faster, distribute simulations on up to 512 cores, and run enormous simulations (1024
3
cells). Nimbus automatically manages these distributed simulations, balancing load across nodes and recovering from failures. Implementations of PhysBAM water and smoke simulations as well as an open source heat-diffusion simulation show that Nimbus is general and can support complex simulations.

Nimbus can be downloaded from https://nimbus.stanford.edu.
Chronic atorvastatin and exercise can partially reverse established skeletal muscle microvasculopathy in metabolic syndrome
Authors: Lemaster Kent A. , Frisbee Stephanie J. , Dubois Luc , Tzemos Nikolaos , Wu Fan , Lewis Matthew T. , Wiseman Robert W. , Frisbee Jefferson C. 
Published: June 2018

It has long been known that chronic metabolic disease is associated with a parallel increase in the risk for developing peripheral vascular disease. Although more clinically relevant, our understanding about reversing established vasculopathy is limited compared with our understanding of the mechanisms and development of impaired vascular structure/function under these conditions. Using the 13-wk-old obese Zucker rat (OZR) model of metabolic syndrome, where microvascular dysfunction is sufficiently established to contribute to impaired skeletal muscle function, we imposed a 7-wk intervention of chronic atorvastatin treatment, chronic treadmill exercise, or both. By 20 wk of age, untreated OZRs manifested a diverse vasculopathy that was a central contributor to poor muscle performance, perfusion, and impaired O2 exchange. Atorvastatin or exercise, with the combination being most effective, improved skeletal muscle vascular metabolite profiles (i.e., nitric oxide, PGI2, and thromboxane A2 bioavailability), reactivity, and perfusion distribution at both individual bifurcations and within the entire microvascular network versus responses in untreated OZRs. However, improvements to microvascular structure (i.e., wall mechanics and microvascular density) were less robust. The combination of the above improvements to vascular function with interventions resulted in an improved muscle performance and O2 transport and exchange versus untreated OZRs, especially at moderate metabolic rates (3-Hz twitch contraction). These results suggest that specific interventions can improve specific indexes of function from established vasculopathy, but either this process was incomplete after 7-wk duration or measures of vascular structure are either resistant to reversal or require better-targeted interventions. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We used atorvastatin and/or chronic exercise to reverse established microvasculopathy in skeletal muscle of rats with metabolic syndrome. With established vasculopathy, atorvastatin and exercise had moderate abilities to reverse dysfunction, and the combined application of both was more effective at restoring function. However, increased vascular wall stiffness and reduced microvessel density were more resistant to reversal. Listen to this article’s corresponding podcast at https://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/reversal-of-microvascular-dysfunction/ .
CaMKII-dependent late Na+current increases electrical dispersion and arrhythmia in ischemia-reperfusion
Authors: Howard Taylor , Greer-Short Amara , Satroplus Tony , Patel Nehal , Nassal Drew , Mohler Peter J. , Hund Thomas J. 
Published: June 2018

The mechanisms underlying Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)-induced arrhythmias in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) are not fully understood. We tested the hypothesis that CaMKII increases late Na+current ( INa,L) via phosphorylation of Nav1.5 at Ser571during I/R, thereby increasing arrhythmia susceptibility. To test our hypothesis, we studied isolated, Langendorff-perfused hearts from wild-type (WT) mice and mice expressing Navchannel variants Nav1.5-Ser571E (S571E) and Nav1.5-Ser571A (S571A). WT hearts showed a significant increase in the levels of phosphorylated CaMKII and Nav1.5 at Ser571[p-Nav1.5(S571)] after 15 min of global ischemia (just before the onset of reperfusion). Optical mapping experiments revealed an increase in action potential duration (APD) and APD dispersion without changes in conduction velocity during I/R in WT and S571E compared with S571A hearts. At the same time, WT and S571E hearts showed an increase in spontaneous arrhythmia events (e.g., premature ventricular contractions) and an increase in the inducibility of reentrant arrhythmias during reperfusion. Pretreatment of WT hearts with the Na+channel blocker mexiletine (10 μM) normalized APD dispersion and reduced arrhythmia susceptibility during I/R. We conclude that CaMKII-dependent phosphorylation of Nav1.5 is a crucial driver for increased INa,L,arrhythmia triggers, and substrate during I/R. Selective targeting of this CaMKII-dependent pathway may have therapeutic potential for reducing arrhythmias in the setting of I/R.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) phosphorylation of Nav1.5 at Ser571leads to a prolongation of action potential duration (APD), increased APD dispersion, and increased arrhythmia susceptibility after ischemia-reperfusion in isolated mouse hearts. Genetic ablation of the CaMKII-dependent phosphorylation site Ser571on Nav1.5 or low-dose mexiletine (to inhibit late Na+current) reduced APD dispersion, arrhythmia triggers, and ventricular tachycardia inducibility.