bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of food habits and prey preferences of Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) at the southwest Primorskii Krai in Russia and Hunchun in China
Authors: GU Jiayin , YU Lan , HUA Yan , NING Yao , HENG Bao , QI Jinzhe , LONG Zexv , YAO Mingyuan , HUANG Chong , LI Zhilin , LANG Jianming , JIANG Guangshun , MA Jianzhang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA small, isolated Amur tiger population ranges across the southwest Primorskii Krai region in Russia and Hunchun region in China. Many individuals, with “dual nationality,” cross the border frequently. Formulating effective conservation strategies requires a clear understanding of tiger food requirements in both countries. While the diets of tigers ranging in Russia is clearly understood, little is known of the tigers' feeding habits in China.. We used scat analysis combined with data on the abundance of 4 prey species to examine Amur tiger diet and prey preferences in Hunchun. We examined 53 tiger scat samples from 2011 to 2016 and found that tigers preyed on 12 species (11 species in winter), 4 of which were domestic animals with 33.58% biomass contribution; this was the first record of Amur tigers eating lynx in this area. Tigers showed a strong preference for wild boar (Jacobs index: +0.849), which were also the most frequently consumed prey, and a strong avoidance of roe deer (Jacobs index: −0.693). On the Russian side, domestic animals (just dog) were rarely found in tiger scat, and tigers did not show strong avoidance of roe deer, but of sika deer. We also found red deer footprints during winter surveys and that tigers ate red deer on the Chinese side, while there was no record of red deer feeding on the Russian side. Reducing or eliminating human disturbance, such as grazing, is essential to recovering tiger prey and habitat in this area and the Sino‐Russian joint ungulate annual survey is indispensable for prey estimates of this small, isolated Amur tiger population.
Effects of dietary lysine levels and lighting conditions on intramuscular fat accumulation in growing pigs
Authors: Katsumata Masaya , Kobayashi Hiroyuki , Ashihara Akane , Ishida Aiko 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis study was conducted to test our hypothesis that intramuscular fat (IMF) accumulation increases in pigs fed on a low lysine diet during the dark period than those fed on the same diet during the light period. Using barrows aged 6 weeks, we monitored whether serum glucose and insulin levels were affected by light conditions. Two diets with different levels of lysine, 0.78% (LL diet) and 1.37% (control diet) were prepared. Eight pigs were fed on the diet during the light period, while the remaining pigs were fed during the dark period. The pigs were fed either the LL diet or the control diet. Although IMF contents of Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle were higher in the pigs fed on a LL diet (p < .05), the light conditions had no effect. Low dietary lysine caused reduction in serum glucose levels (p < .05) and serum insulin levels (p = .0613). However, they were also unaffected by the lighting conditions. To gain further insights, we determined the messenger RNA levels of insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate 1, acetyl CoA carboxylase, and fatty acid synthase in LD and Rhomboideus muscles and in the liver.
Prognostic scoring systems for myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) in a population‐based setting: a report from the Swedish MDS register
Authors: Moreno Berggren Daniel , Folkvaljon Yasin , Engvall Marie , Sundberg Johan , Lambe Mats , Antunovic Petar , Garelius Hege , Lorenz Fryderyk , Nilsson Lars , Rasmussen Bengt , Lehmann Sören , Hellström‐Lindberg Eva , Jädersten Martin , Ejerblad Elisabeth 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThe myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) have highly variable outcomes and prognostic scoring systems are important tools for risk assessment and to guide therapeutic decisions. However, few population‐based studies have compared the value of the different scoring systems. With data from the nationwide Swedish population‐based MDS register we validated the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS), revised IPSS (IPSS‐R) and the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification‐based Prognostic Scoring System (WPSS). We also present population‐based data on incidence, clinical characteristics including detailed cytogenetics and outcome from the register. The study encompassed 1329 patients reported to the register between 2009 and 2013, 14% of these had therapy‐related MDS (t‐MDS). Based on the MDS register, the yearly crude incidence of MDS in Sweden was 2·9 per 100 000 inhabitants. IPSS‐R had a significantly better prognostic power than IPSS (P < 0·001). There was a trend for better prognostic power of IPSS‐R compared to WPSS (P = 0·05) and for WPSS compared to IPSS (P = 0·07). IPSS‐R was superior to both IPSS and WPSS for patients aged ≤70 years. Patients with t‐MDS had a worse outcome compared to de novo MDS (d‐MDS), however, the validity of the prognostic scoring systems was comparable for d‐MDS and t‐MDS. In conclusion, population‐based studies are important to validate prognostic scores in a ‘real‐world’ setting. In our nationwide cohort, the IPSS‐R showed the best predictive power.
Are factor biases and substitution identifiable? The Canadian evidence
Authors: Stewart Kenneth G. , Li Jiang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRevised productivity accounts recently released by Statistics Canada are used to estimate a Klump–McAdam–Willman (KMW) normalized CES supply‐side system for the half‐century 1961–2012. The model permits distinct rates of factor‐augmenting technical change for capital and labour that distinguish between short‐term versus long‐term effects, as well as a non‐unitary elasticity of substitution and time‐varying factor shares. The advantage of the Canadian data for this purpose is that they provide a unified treatment of measurement issues that have had to be improvised in the US and European data used by previous researchers. In contrast to previous results, we find that an elasticity of substitution and distinct factor biases of technological progress are not well determined by the model. For the Canadian data, the KMW model does not appear to provide a framework that overcomes the classic Diamond–McFadden–Rodriguez non‐identification result. That impossibility theorem is manifested in our findings, not overcome by them.RésuméEst‐ce que les biais de facteurs et la substitution entre facteurs de production sont identifiables? Résultats pour le Canada. On utilise les données révisées sur la productivité récemment publiées pat Statistiques Canada pour calibrer un système d’offre normalisé à la Klump–McAdam–Willman (KMW) avec élasticité constante de substitution pour la période 1961‐2012. Le modèle permet un changement technique qui implique des taux distincts d’augmentation de productivité pour le travail et le capital qui distingue entre les effets à court et à long terme, ainsi qu’une élasticité de substitution non‐unitaire et des parts variables des facteurs dans le temps. L’avantage des données canadiennes pour ce genre d’analyse est que les problèmes de mesure ont été traités de manière uniforme alors que dans les données américaines et européennes, utilisées antérieurement par les chercheurs, le traitement des problèmes de mesure a été improvisé. Contrairement aux résultats antérieurs, on découvre qu’une élasticité de substitution et les biais du progrès technique en faveur de divers facteurs de production ne sont pas bien déterminés par le modèle. Pour les données canadiennes, le modèle KMW ne semble pas fournir un cadre de référence qui permette de surmonter le problème classique de non‐identification soulevé par les résultats de Diamond–McFadden–Rodriguez. Le théorème d’impossibilité reste entier dans les résultats obtenus et ne sont pas surmontés par es nouveaux résultats.
Efficacy and safety of dulaglutide monotherapy compared with glimepiride in East‐Asian patients with type 2 diabetes in a multicentre, double‐blind, randomized, parallel‐arm, active comparator, phase III trial
Authors: Chen Yu Hong , Huang Chien‐Ning , Cho Young Min , Li Pengfei , Gu Liqun , Wang Feng , Yang Jun , Wang Wei Qing 
Published: April 2018

AimsTo compare the efficacy and safety of once‐weekly glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist dulaglutide 1.5 and 0.75 mg with glimepiride in East‐Asian patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Materials and methodsIn this phase III, multinational, multicentre, double‐blind, randomized, parallel‐arm, 26‐week study, patients with inadequate glycaemic control were randomized 1:1:1 to once‐weekly dulaglutide 1.5 or 0.75 mg or daily glimepiride (1‐3 mg/d). The primary endpoint was assessment of the non‐inferiority of dulaglutide (1.5 mg), as measured by change in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), compared with glimepiride using a 0.4% non‐inferiority margin.ResultsA total of 737 patients were randomized (dulaglutide 1.5 mg, n = 244; dulaglutide 0.75 mg, n = 248; glimepiride, n = 245). At week 26, both doses of dulaglutide were non‐inferior and also superior to glimepiride for HbA1c reduction from baseline with a least squares mean difference of −6.34 mmol/mol (95% confidence interval [CI] −8.31, −4.26) or ‐0.58% (95% CI −0.76, −0.39) for dulaglutide 1.5 mg and −3.50 mmol/mol (95% CI −5.47, −1.42) or −0.32% (95% CI −0.50, −0.13) for dulaglutide 0.75 mg (P < .001). A greater proportion of patients in the dulaglutide 1.5 mg group achieved the HbA1c target of <53 mmol/mol (<7.0%) compared with the glimepiride group (74.1% vs 57.4%; P < .001). The mean body weight decreased (P < .005) and total hypoglycaemia rates were lower (P < .001) in the dulaglutide groups compared with the glimepiride group. The most common drug‐related adverse events in both dulaglutide groups (≥5% of patients) included diarrhoea, nausea, increased lipase, decreased appetite, abdominal distension and vomiting.ConclusionsDulaglutide (both doses) demonstrated superior glycaemic control vs glimepiride, with a favourable tolerability and safety profile in East‐Asian patients with T2D.
Psychometric evaluation of the Orofacial Pain Scale for Non‐Verbal Individuals as a screening tool for orofacial pain in people with dementia
Authors: Delwel Suzanne , Perez Roberto S. G. M. , Maier Andrea B. , Hertogh Cees M. P. M. , de Vet Henrica C. W. , Lobbezoo Frank , Scherder Erik J. A. 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to describe the psychometric evaluation of the Orofacial Pain Scale for Non‐Verbal Individuals (OPS‐NVI) as a screening tool for orofacial pain in people with dementia.BackgroundThe OPS‐NVI has recently been developed and needs psychometric evaluation for clinical use in people with dementia. The pain self‐report is imperative as a reference standard and can be provided by people with mild‐to‐moderate cognitive impairment.MethodsThe presence of orofacial pain during rest, drinking, chewing and oral hygiene care was observed in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia using the OPS‐NVI. Participants who were considered to present a reliable self‐report were asked about pain presence, and in all participants, the oral health was examined by a dentist for the presence of potential painful conditions. After item‐reduction, inter‐rater reliability and criterion validity were determined.ResultsThe presence of orofacial pain in this population was low (0%‐10%), resulting in an average Positive Agreement of 0%‐100%, an average Negative Agreement of 77%‐100%, a sensitivity of 0%‐100% and a specificity of 66%‐100% for the individual items of the OPS‐NVI. At the same time, the presence of oral problems, such as ulcers, tooth root remnants and caries was high (64.5%).ConclusionThe orofacial pain presence in this MCI and dementia population was low, resulting in low scores for average Positive Agreement and sensitivity and high scores for average Negative Agreement and specificity. Therefore, the OPS‐NVI in its current form cannot be recommended as a screening tool for orofacial pain in people with MCI and dementia. However, the inter‐rater reliability and criterion validity of the individual items in this study provide more insight for the further adjustment of the OPS‐NVI for diagnostic use. Notably, oral health problems were frequently present, although no pain was reported or observed, indicating that oral health problems cannot be used as a new reference standard for orofacial pain, and a regular oral examination by care providers and oral hygiene care professionals remains indispensable.
Prophylactic treatment of bleeding episodes in children <12 years with moderate to severe hereditary factor X deficiency (FXD): Efficacy and safety of a high‐purity plasma‐derived factor X (pdFX) concentrate
Authors: Liesner R. , Akanezi C. , Norton M. , Payne J. 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundHereditary factor X (FX) deficiency (FXD) affects 1:500 000‐1:1 000 000 people worldwide. A novel, high‐purity plasma‐derived FX concentrate (pdFX) is available in the United States and European Union as replacement therapy for FXD, but data are scarce on pdFX use in children <12 years.AimThis prospective, open‐label phase 3 study assessed the safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics of pdFX in children <12 years with moderate/severe FXD.MethodsSubjects aged <12 years with basal plasma FX activity (FX:C) <5 IU/dL received pdFX as prophylactic and on‐demand treatment, with doses adjusted to maintain FX:C > 5 IU/dL. After ≥26 weeks and ≥50 exposure days, investigators rated pdFX efficacy for preventing/decreasing bleeds. Secondary endpoints included number and severity of bleeds, trough FX:C and incremental recovery. Safety parameters were adverse events (AEs), inhibitor development and changes in laboratory parameters.ResultsThe study enrolled 9 subjects (0‐5 years, n = 4; 6‐11 years, n = 5) with severe (n = 8) or moderate (n = 1) FXD. At end of study, investigators rated pdFX efficacy excellent for all subjects. Ten bleeds occurred (n = 3 subjects; 6 major, 3 minor, 1 unassessed for severity). Trough FX:C levels remained >5 IU/dL for all subjects after the last dose adjustment study visit. Mean incremental recovery was significantly lower for younger vs older subjects (1.53 vs 1.91 IU/dL per IU/kg; P = .001). All AEs were unrelated to treatment; no inhibitor development or clinically significant changes in laboratory parameters were observed.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate the efficacy and safety of pdFX for treating children <12 years with moderate/severe hereditary FXD.
Co‐designing for quality: Creating a user‐driven tool to improve quality in youth mental health services
Authors: Hackett Christina L. , Mulvale Gillian , Miatello Ashleigh 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundAlthough high quality mental health care for children and youth is a goal of many health systems, little is known about the dimensions of quality mental health care from users’ perspectives. We engaged young people, caregivers and service providers to share experiences, which shed light on quality dimensions for youth mental health care.MethodsUsing experience‐based co‐design, we collected qualitative data from young people aged 16‐24 with a mental disorder (n = 19), identified caregivers (n = 12) and service providers (n = 14) about their experiences with respect to youth mental health services. Experience data were collected using multiple approaches including interviews, a suite of online and smartphone applications (n = 22), and a co‐design event (n = 16) and analysed to extract touch points. These touch points were used to prioritize and co‐design a user‐driven prototype of a questionnaire to provide feedback to service providers.FindingsYoung people, caregiver and service provider reports of service experiences were used to identify aspects of care quality at eight mental health service contact points: Access to mental health care; Transfer to/from hospital; Intake into hospital; Services provided; Assessment and treatment; Treatment environment; and Caregiver involvement in care. In some cases, low quality care was harmful to users and their caregivers. Young people co‐designed a prototype of a user‐driven feedback questionnaire to improve quality of service experiences that was supported by service providers and caregivers at the co‐design event.ConclusionBy using EBCD to capture in‐depth data regarding experiences of young people, their caregivers and service providers, study participants have begun to establish a baseline for acceptable quality of mental health care for young people.
Alpha‐1 antitrypsin deficiency panniculitis: clinical and pathologic characteristics of 10 cases
Authors: Johnson Emma F. , Tolkachjov Stanislav N. , Gibson Lawrence E. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryBackgroundAlpha‐1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) may be associated with liver and lung disease and rarely causes panniculitis.ObjectiveWe evaluated the clinicopathologic and laboratory findings of AATD panniculitis in 10 patients.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of all cases of AATD panniculitis at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, from 1989 to 2016.ResultsTen patients with AATD panniculitis were included. Seven of ten were women. Clinical lesions were most commonly nodular (100%), erythematous (90%), ulcerated (90%), and painful (90%) subcutaneous nodules and plaques. Extracutaneous associations were rare. PiZZ phenotype was most commonly identified (50%). Histopathologically, lobular panniculitis (80%) with associated septal involvement (60%) and a predominant neutrophilic infiltrate (100%) were most common. Treatments varied; dapsone and alpha‐1 proteinase inhibitor infusions were each used in five (50%) patients, respectively. In patients with greater than 6‐month follow‐up (n = 4), one patient continued to have disease activity despite treatment.ConclusionAATD panniculitis should be considered in the differential for a painful, ulcerative panniculitis with a predominantly neutrophilic histopathologic infiltrate. Diagnosis can be made with clinicopathologic correlation and genetic and laboratory evaluations. Serum AAT level and phenotype assists in diagnosing patients with suspected AATD panniculitis.
Enzymatic extraction of fucoxanthin from brown seaweeds
Authors: Shannon Emer , Abu‐Ghannam Nissreen 
Published: April 2018

SummaryBrown seaweeds contain a number of bioactive compounds. The xanthophyll, fucoxanthin, has in vivo efficacy against disorders such as type 2 diabetes, obesity and cancer. Organic solvents are traditionally employed to extract fucoxanthin, but carry a toxic chemical and environmental burden. The aim of this study was to optimise a fucoxanthin extraction method using enzymes, water, low‐temperature dehydration and mechanical blending, to produce yields comparable to those achieved with an organic solvent (acetone). Response surface methodology was applied, using Fucus vesiculosus as a model species. A fucoxanthin yield of 0.657 mg g−1 (dry mass) was obtained from F. vesiculosus blade using the enzymatic method, equivalent to 94% of the acetone‐extracted yield. Optimum extraction parameters were determined to be enzyme‐to‐water ratio 0.52%, seaweed‐to‐water ratio 5.37% and enzyme incubation time 3.05 h. These findings may be applied to the development of value‐added nutraceutical products from seaweed.
Congenital dysfibrinogenaemia assessed by whole blood thromboelastography
Authors: Wei A. , Liao L. , Xiang L. , Yan J. , Yang W. , Nai G. , Luo M. , Deng D. , Lin F. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIntroductionCongenital dysfibrinogenaemia (CD) is a rare hereditary blood disorder, and thromboelastography (TEG) can comprehensively assess the clotting function of patients. However, only few studies have focussed on the application of TEG in CD. We aim to investigate the clinical value of TEG in congenital CD.MethodsWe performed TEG and routine coagulation tests, including plasma prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), functional fibrinogen (Fg) concentration (Clauss method) and Fg concentration (PT‐derived method) tests, in 17 patients with CD (experimental group) and 28 healthy individuals (control group).ResultsIn the TEG test, the coagulation time was significantly longer and the angle value was significantly smaller in the experimental group than that in the control group (3.73 ± 1.73 minutes vs 1.99 ± 0.49 minutes; 52.39°±11.6° vs 65.69°±4.43°; P < .05 for both); the coagulation index was significantly decreased in the experimental group when compared to the control group (−0.86 ± 2.85 vs 1.29 ± 1.53) (P < .05), but the maximum amplitude was not significantly different (P > .05). In the coagulation test, compared with the control group, TT was significantly longer (11.59 ± 0.93 minutes vs 32.34 ± 7.1 minutes; P < .05) and the functional Fg concentration was significantly lower (3.17 ± 0.59 g/L vs 0.56 ± 0.18 g/L; P < .05) in the experimental group, whereas there were no differences in APTT, PT and Fg concentrations (P > .05).ConclusionTEG is highly accurate for detecting coagulation function in patients with CD, with the thromboelastographic coagulation time and angle reflecting a reduced Fg activity, thereby facilitating diagnosis and differential diagnosis of CD and coagulation status evaluation of patients with CD.
Molecular Characterization of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Rabbits in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Zhang Xiangqian , Qi Meng , Jing Bo , Yu Fuchang , Wu Yayun , Chang Yankai , Zhao Aiyun , Wei Zilin , Dong Haiju , Zhang Longxian 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA total of 321 rabbit fecal samples were collected from 10 farms in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in the samples was 3.4% (11/321), 1.9% (6/321), and 2.8% (9/321), respectively. Small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene sequence analysis identified all 11 Cryptosporidium‐positive samples as C. cuniculus. Further subtyping based on the 60‐kDaglycoprotein locus (gp60) identified five of the C. cuniculus isolates as subtype VbA24. G. duodenalis genotypes were determined by multilocus sequence typing of the SSU rRNA, triosephosphate isomerase, β‐giardin and glutamate dehydrogenase loci, which confirmed that six G. duodenalis isolates belonged to subtype BIV of assemblage B. Analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region, showed that five, three, and one E. bieneusi isolates belonged to genotypes J, BEB8, and Type IV, respectively. These results suggest that Cryptosporidium spp., G. duodenalis, and E. bieneusi isolates from rabbits in China have zoonotic potential.
Classification of impact injury of apples using electronic nose coupled with multivariate statistical analyses
Authors: Ren Yamei , Ramaswamy Hosahalli S. , Li Ying , Yuan Chunlong , Ren Xiaolin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAn electronic nose equipped with a headspace sampling unit was evaluated as a non‐destructive method for determining damage degree. Fuji apples were dropped from different heights (0.2–0.8 m) onto a cement floor inflict damages. E‐nose data was evaluated by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) to distinguish apples based on damage severity. LDA performed better than PCA for classifying the apples. Stepwise Discriminant Analysis (SDA), Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFN), Multilayer Perceptron Neural Networks (MLPN), and Back‐Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) models were employed for pattern recognition. With SDA dataset, the correct classification rate (CCR) was 97.5% for training and 93.8% testing; MLPN resulted in 100%, and RFBN performed better only with more severe damages. The BPNN model had excellent correlation with classification values for damaged apples (R2 > 0.98). Therefore, E‐nose technology with ANN and multivariate statistics is an effective way for classifying damaged apples.