bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of ZnS nanoparticles of required size by precipitation in aerosol microdroplets
Authors: Bednář Jiří , Svoboda Ladislav , Mančík Pavel , Dvorský Richard 
Published: March 2019

Zinc sulphide (ZnS) nanoparticles were prepared by an aerosol method from zinc acetate and sodium sulphide (Na2S) aqueous solutions. Aqueous solution of zinc acetate was dispersed into the form of microdroplets, which were introduced by airflow to vigorously stirred aqueous solution of Na2S, which was in excess. Microdroplets served as microreactors, so the reaction took place only in limited volume. Particle size distribution was studied by transmission electron microscopy and by dynamic light scattering measurements. In this work, the equation that allows us to predict the final size distribution of ZnS nanoparticles using exact concentration of zinc acetate was derived and ZnS nanoparticles with predicted mean particle diameter around 50 and 70 nm were successfully synthetised. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
The Calculus of Serum PSA
Authors: Vollmer Robin T 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo review the mathematics of kinetic changes in serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and to use a compartmental model to derive a new kinetic measure, alpha.MethodsThe calculus of kinetic measures of PSA changes with time is presented, and a compartmental model is then used to derive alpha of serum PSA. Alpha is then tested for prognostic importance in 119 men who underwent prostatectomy.ResultsThe percentage of tumor in the prostate is closely related to alpha and to tumor length in diagnostic needle biopsies, but not to tumor grade. The presence of adverse pathology in the prostatectomy specimens (positive margins or T3 stage) is significantly associated with alpha, but not to tumor length or grade.ConclusionsThe derived kinetic parameter, alpha, shows promise as a preoperative prognostic parameter, and may help sort patients into those with low vs high probability for adverse pathology features in the prostatectomy specimens.
SPRINT-Gly: predictingN-andO-linked glycosylation sites of human and mouse proteins by using sequence and predicted structural properties
Authors: Taherzadeh Ghazaleh , Dehzangi Abdollah , Golchin Maryam , Zhou Yaoqi , Campbell Matthew P 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMotivationProtein glycosylation is one of the most abundant post-translational modifications that plays an important role in immune responses, intercellular signaling, inflammation and host-pathogen interactions. However, due to the poor ionization efficiency and microheterogeneity of glycopeptides identifying glycosylation sites is a challenging task, and there is a demand for computational methods. Here, we constructed the largest dataset of human and mouse glycosylation sites to train deep learning neural networks and support vector machine classifiers to predict N-/O-linked glycosylation sites, respectively.ResultsThe method, called SPRINT-Gly, achieved consistent results between ten-fold cross validation and independent test for predicting human and mouse glycosylation sites. For N-glycosylation, a mouse-trained model performs equally well in human glycoproteins and vice versa, however, due to significant differences in O-linked sites separate models were generated. Overall, SPRINT-Gly is 18% and 50% higher in Matthews correlation coefficient than the next best method compared in N-linked and O-linked sites, respectively. This improved performance is due to the inclusion of novel structure and sequence-based features.Availability and implementationhttp://sparks-lab.org/server/SPRINT-Gly/Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
“Targeting Billennials”: Billenials, Linguistic Flexibility, and the New Language Politics of Univision
Authors: Avilés-Santiago Manuel G , Báez Jillian M 
Published: March 2019

AbstractUnivision, historically the number one Spanish network, departed from its long tradition of safeguarding neutral Spanish to embrace not only English, but also Spanglish and Spanish-Caribbean accents in 2015. This article explores Univision’s new linguistic flexibility via two emblematic reality TV shows: Nuestra Belleza Latina (2007–) and La Banda (2015–). Through a textual analysis of these shows and industrial analysis of the strategies deployed by the network, the authors argue that Univision’s targeting of “billennials”—bicultural and bilingual millennials—prompted a linguistic flexibility that challenges the traditional lineup of neutral, Spanish-only, television, and is more inclusive of Latina/o audiences’ language use.
Orchestration of Hippocampal Information Encoding by the Piriform Cortex
Authors: Strauch Christina , Manahan-Vaughan Denise 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The hippocampus utilizes olfactospatial information to encode sensory experience by means of synaptic plasticity. Odor exposure is also a potent impetus for hippocampus-dependent memory retrieval. Here, we explored to what extent the piriform cortex directly impacts upon hippocampal information processing and storage. In behaving rats, test-pulse stimulation of the anterior piriform cortex (aPC) evoked field potentials in the dentate gyrus (DG). Patterned stimulation of the aPC triggered both long-term potentiation (LTP &gt; 24 h) and short-term depression (STD), in a frequency-dependent manner. Dual stimulation of the aPC and perforant path demonstrated subordination of the aPC response, which was nonetheless completely distinct in profile to perforant path-induced DG plasticity. Correspondingly, patterned aPC stimulation resulted in somatic immediate early gene expression in the DG that did not overlap with responses elicited by perforant path stimulation. Our results support that the piriform cortex engages in specific control of hippocampal information processing and encoding. This process may underlie the unique role of olfactory cues in information encoding and retrieval of hippocampus-dependent associative memories.
A Virtual Reality Platform for Analyzing Remote Archaeological Sites
Authors: Cassidy Brendan , Sim Gavin , Robinson David Wayne , Gandy Devlin 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

This paper describes a Virtual Reality (VR) prototype developed to help archaeologists and other stakeholders explore and analyse archaeological data in a more immersive context. We describe a VR reconstruction of Pleito Cave, a fragile world class rock-art site with accessibility limitation. Key stakeholders are identified and a prototype is described that provides a VR platform for visualizing and interacting with complex archaeological data (gathered from techniques such as decorrelation stretch and X-ray fluorescence) virtually ‘in situ’, in a way that would not be possible at the real site. The prototype allows multiple remote users to interact with the cave together remotely providing opportunities for collaborative interpretation and analysis of archaeological data. We also present a survey-based evaluation in which both archaeologists and Native American stakeholders indicate positive responses for measures of both engagement and value.

Research Highlights
An interactive, multi-user, immersive archaeological data visualization tool is described. Survey evaluation elicits insights into where the system provides value and engagement for key stakeholders. Thematic Analysis provides further design insights for future development of immersive archaeological data visualization tools.
Nitric oxide-dependent regulation of sweet pepper fruit ripening
Authors: González-Gordo Salvador , Bautista Rocío , Claros M Gonzalo , Cañas Amanda , Palma José M , Corpas Francisco J 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Ripening is a complex physiological process that involves changes in reactive nitrogen and oxygen species that govern the shelf-life and quality of fruits. Nitric oxide (NO)-dependent changes in the sweet pepper fruit transcriptome were determined by treating fruits at the initial breaking point stage with NO gas. Fruits were also harvested at the immature (green) and ripe (red) stages. Fruit ripening in the absence of NO resulted in changes in the abundance of 8805 transcripts whose function could be identified. Among these, functional clusters associated with reactive oxygen/nitrogen species and lipid metabolism were significantly modified. NO treatment resulted in the differential expression of 498 genes framed within these functional categories. Biochemical analysis revealed that NO treatment resulted in changes in fatty acid profiling, glutathione and proline contents, and the extent of lipid peroxidation, as well as increases in the activity of ascorbate peroxidase and lipoxygenase. These data provide supporting evidence for the crucial role of NO in the ripening of pepper fruit.
Concluding Remarks on Linguistic Equality, Strategic Pluralism, and Linguistic Justice
Authors: Leung Janny H.C. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Since equality is a foundation of liberalism and a moral norm, the value of linguistic equality is easily taken for granted. This chapter offers a characterization of linguistic equality as it is claimed and practiced in bilingual and multilingual jurisdictions today. It argues that shallow equality must not be confused with equality that is difference-blind and universal. Both symbolic jurisprudence and shallow equality are properties of a policy of strategic pluralism. The symbolic nature of official language law and the shallow character of linguistic equality do not prevent official multilingualism from serving legitimate goals. Official multilingualism is not morally superior to official monolingualism. Both are viable strategies for the survival of a polity. Although this book has been primarily concerned with the descriptive and analytical questions of how to make sense of official multilingualism, it concludes with some insights that may illuminate normative questions about linguistic justice.
Changing the Rules of the Game to Build the European Economy
Authors: Beckfield Jason 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This chapter describes the development of the European political economy since the 1957 Rome treaty. It uses econometric and historical case evidence to build the argument that European integration has advanced both from the top down and from the bottom up. The first part presents several measures of European integration to address the question of how we know integration when we see it. The second part describes two mechanisms of integration: redistribution from the top down via the European Social Fund, and integration from the bottom up through the formation of the Euro-Regions. The third part describes the development of a convergent European economy, where macroeconomic differences have been reduced through European integration, especially before the 1980s, and especially if economies are weighted by their populations.
Meet the Food Radicals
Authors: Norwood F. Bailey , Mix Tamara L. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Brief bios and pictures of twenty-seven individuals are offered as a preliminary introduction to the “food radicals” who engaged in conversations with the authors. Some individuals are considered food radicals because they are helping to radically change how we farm, or challenge society to radically change how food is distributed. Others seek radical departures in the local and international laws regarding the production and selling of food. A few seek radical changes in how people eat. All come from diverse backgrounds, showing that the food system is impacted by many different types of people with a multitude of perspectives.
The Fork
Authors: Norwood F. Bailey , Mix Tamara L. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The quest for food access and an ethical diet often requires lifestyle adjustment. To reach this goal, people are willing to pay higher food prices to ensure better treatment of livestock, are patrons of local food suppliers, consider spaces that promote positive nutrition, and are planting more vegetable gardens. While most lifestyle alterations are minor, requiring little sacrifice, a food radical does not just stop with marginal changes, but adopts a way of living vastly different from the norm. Our food radicals also take action to directly implement practices to encourage greater and more mindful access to nutritional food.
Conclusion
Authors: Norwood F. Bailey , Mix Tamara L. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The radicals whose voices are represented are ordinary people, trying to achieve the common goal of a better food system. At points, they agree with one another; at times they do not. Hearing from people with diverse experiences and perspectives gives the reader insight into the complex nature of the current food system. Each of the radical friends addressed throughout the book has something to teach us. Often, it takes a nonradical, someone engaging in the “routine,” to lend a radical notion credibility. The radical and commonplace work in tandem. To understand the changes taking place in our food system and the challenges to come, both need to be understood.
Social Networks and Social Support in the Transition to Adulthood
Authors: Goyette Martin 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
For some youth in care, leaving a foster home definitively also implies leaving the only family and home they have ever known. Youth is thus a particularly critical moment in identity construction because it is central to the interplay between family heritage and social capital, all of which is acquired since childhood. Research has focused on competencies, resources, and individual characteristics of youth aging out of care, yet social networks and supports have received little attention. This chapter describes the networks of youth leaving care in the transition to adulthood and analyzes the links between the network characteristics and the socio-professional integration process of these young adults.
Reflections on Upholding the Rights of Youth Leaving Out-of-Home Care
Authors: Munro Emily R. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) recognizes that children in out-of-home care are entitled to special protection to promote their physical and psychological recovery. The Guidelines for the Alternative Care of Children, which are intended to enhance implementation of the UNCRC, also acknowledge the importance of transitional and aftercare support. This chapter explores progress toward realizing the rights of youth leaving out-of-home care in Australia, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. The emerging picture is that all these jurisdictions have some way to go to meet the standards enshrined in the Guidelines for the Alternative Care of Children and that emerging adults with complex needs are not currently sufficiently empowered or enabled to exercise their rights.
Earning a Hoodie, Voyager Capital
Authors: Snow Kim 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Most children in Ontario, Canada, who are involved in child protection services receive services while living with their family or kin; are temporarily placed in the custody of child protection services and live in foster homes, group homes, or kinship care homes; or are placed permanently in the care of child protection services. Until April 2018, this last group of young people were legally designated Crown Wards. This chapter describes a peer-led strategy which sees current and former Crown Wards in Ontario, Canada, plan their own educational journey while at the same time reaching out to other young Crown Wards to encourage them to do the same. Bourdieu’s field theory—specifically the concepts of social capital and habitus—are applied to the project. Fostering social capital, network mapping, and peer-centered practice are emergent models useful to the engagement process and essential as relational practice methods.
The Public's Law
Authors: Emerson Blake 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The Public’s Law is a theory and history of democracy in the American administrative state. The book describes how American Progressive thinkers—such as John Dewey, W.E.B. Du Bois, and Woodrow Wilson—developed a democratic understanding of the state from their study of Hegelian political thought. G.W.F. Hegel understood the state as an institution that regulated society in the interest of freedom. This normative account of the state distinguished his view from later German theorists, such as Max Weber, who adopted a technocratic conception of bureaucracy, and others, such as Carl Schmitt, who prioritized the will of the chief executive. The Progressives embraced Hegel’s view of the connection between bureaucracy and freedom, but sought to democratize his concept of the state. They agreed that welfare services, economic regulation, and official discretion were needed to guarantee conditions for self-determination. But they stressed that the people should participate deeply in administrative policymaking. This Progressive ideal influenced administrative programs during the New Deal. It also sheds light on interventions in the War on Poverty and the Second Reconstruction, as well as on the Administrative Procedure Act of 1946. The book develops a normative theory of the state on the basis of this intellectual and institutional history, with implications for deliberative democratic theory, constitutional theory, and administrative law. On this view, the administrative state should provide regulation and social services through deliberative procedures, rather than hinge its legitimacy on presidential authority or economistic reasoning.
Origins of Progressivism
Authors: Emerson Blake 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This chapter describes German state theory in the nineteenth and twentieth century. It describes this tradition in order to clarify the relevance of German ideas to the American context. American political scientists and legal scholars frequently rely on German thinkers such as Max Weber and Carl Schmitt to understand the state. But these divergent assessments lack a grounding in the longer trajectory and the institutional dilemmas of German legal theory. The chapter provides that broader context and directs readers’ attention to the most promising strand of German thought: the philosophy of G.W.F. Hegel. Hegel would have formative significance for the Progressive thinkers who developed the American administrative state. Hegel understood the state’s purpose to be the advancement of freedom. The chapter contextualizes this idea and shows its influence throughout the nineteenth century, in the Rechtsstaat theories of Robert von Mohl, Lorenz von Stein, and Rudolf von Gneist. It then shows how this normative concept of the state was emptied out with the turn to legal positivism at the end of the century. Weber’s formal-rational conception of bureaucracy then arrived at a particularly unstable moment in German constitutional history, in the transition from monarchy to democracy. Weber’s bifurcated conception of legal and charismatic authority paved the way for Schmitt’s proto-totalitarian theory of the state. The chapter concludes by showing how German theorists in the second half of the twentieth century, such as Jürgen Habermas, continued to rely on Weber’s instrumental conception of bureaucracy.
Introduction: Memorialization, Gay Assimilation, and American Religion
Authors: Krutzsch Brett 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The introduction addresses how gay activists memorialized select people as martyrs in order to influence national debates over LGBT rights. In particular, the chapter lays out how religion shaped both the process of gay political memorialization as well as gay assimilation in the United States more broadly. The introduction additionally covers the history of American gay activism, the rise of assimilatory tactics following the American AIDS crisis, and the promotion of gays as “normal” citizens. As became common at the turn of the twenty-first century, many gay activists argued that gays were just like straights and, therefore, deserving of equal rights. The chapter also details how Protestant sexual standards shaped the nation’s ideas about acceptable sexual citizens and, in turn, how gay activists promoted Protestant values as necessary for the rights of full American citizenship.
“The Gay M.L.K.”: Harvey Milk
Authors: Krutzsch Brett 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Chapter 1 compares Harvey Milk’s archival materials—his personal letters, speeches, and writings—to how gay activists posthumously constructed him into a national emblem for gay rights. The chapter highlights how the AIDS epidemic and the movement for same-sex marriage shaped Milk’s reconstructed image. Chapter 1 also considers how gay activists configured Milk, a Jew who, at times, promoted multi-partner sexual and romantic relationships, to fit within the standards of the Protestant Christian mainstream. In effect, the chapter explores how Milk, a local politician who served only eleven months in a city council position, became, over time, “The Gay M.L.K.”
Race and Plea Bargaining
Authors: Johnson Brian D. , Richardson Rebecca 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This chapter provides an introductory overview of contemporary theory and research on race and plea bargaining. It reviews theoretical explanations for racial disparities in plea bargaining, summarizes current research on race and guilty pleas, and identifies key limitations in existing scholarship on the topic. The chapter considers how guilty plea processes may contribute to broader patterns of cumulative racial disadvantage. The chapter concludes with an overview of promising new directions for future research in this highly consequential and understudied area of the American court system.
The Institutional Effect
Authors: Luiten Jan 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This chapter addresses several issues, all with the underlying intention of refining and reorienting the nuclear-hardship debate. There is a need for such reorientation, as several indicators show that the long-term outcome of this process toward a society built upon nuclear households has not led to more hardship; quite the contrary. Nor would it be fair to claim that this outcome has to be entirely due to top-down provisions, and then in particular, to charity. In this chapter the authors stress the institutional diversity of the solutions for hardship and focus on one particular group in society, namely the elderly. They demonstrate that the elderly had more “agency” than is usually expected and that a combination of institutional arrangements in addition to the top-down provisions granted the elderly more options to deal with the supposed hardship of growing old in a nuclear family structure.
Conclusion
Authors: Luiten Jan 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In this chapter, the authors take a larger view and explore how different constellations of family organization have affected the position of women in societies across the Eurasian landmass. We discuss the recent contribution to the literature by Dennison and Ogilvie and provide our take on their work. A statistical analysis is conducted to see how significant the relationship between the position of women and economic development is as well as how family organization has affected the position of women. The conclusion is that family arrangements influence the position of women and that the position of women is an important determinant of economic development.