bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two Drosophila Neuropeptide Y-like Neurons Define a Reward Module for Transforming Appetitive Odor Representations to Motivation
Authors: Pu Yuhan , Zhang Yiwen , Zhang Yan , Shen Ping 
Published: July 2018

AbstractNeuropeptides, many of which are conserved among vertebrate and invertebrate animals, are implicated in the regulation of motivational states that selectively facilitate goal-directed behaviors. After a brief presentation of appetitive odors, Drosophila larvae display an impulsive-like feeding activity in readily accessible palatable food. This innate appetitive response may require coordinated signaling activities of dopamine (DA) and neuropeptide F (NPF; a fly homolog of neuropeptide Y). Here we provide anatomical and functional evidence, at single-cell resolution, that two NPF neurons define a reward module in the highest-order brain region for cognitive processing of food-related olfactory representations. First, laser lesioning of these NPF neurons abolished odor induction of appetitive arousal, while their genetic activation mimicked the behavioral effect of appetitive odors. Further, a circuit analysis shows that each of the two NPF neurons relays its signals to a subset of target neurons in the larval hindbrain-like region. Finally, the NPF neurons discriminatively responded to appetitive odor stimuli, and their odor responses were blocked by targeted lesioning of a pair of dopaminergic third-order olfactory neurons that appear to be presynaptic to the NPF neurons. Therefore, the two NPF neurons contribute to appetitive odor induction of impulsive-like feeding by selectively decoding DA-encoded ascending olfactory inputs and relaying NPF-encoded descending motivational outputs for behavioral execution.
Zeroth Law investigation on the logarithmic thermostat
Authors: Patra Puneet Kumar , Bhattacharya Baidurya 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe Zeroth Law implies that the three systems, each separately in equilibrium and having the same temperature, must remain so when brought in pairwise or simultaneous thermal contact with each other. We examine numerically the conformity of the logarithmic thermostat with the Zeroth Law of thermodynamics. Three specific scenarios, with different heat reservoirs, are investigated. For each scenario, the system of interest, S1 – a single harmonic oscillator, is coupled with two heat reservoirs, S2 and S3. S2 and S3 are variously chosen to be from the Nosé-Hoover, the Hoover-Holian, the C1,2 and the logarithmic thermostats. In the scenarios involving logarithmic thermostat, we observe a violation of the Zeroth Law of thermodynamics, in computationally achievable time, at low to moderate coupling strengths: (i) the kinetic and configurational temperatures of the systems are different, (ii) momentum distribution of log thermostat is non-Gaussian, and (iii) a temperature gradient is created between the kinetic and configurational variables of the log thermostat.
Phenotype-oriented network analysis for discovering pharmacological effects of natural compounds
Authors: Yoo Sunyong , Nam Hojung , Lee Doheon 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAlthough natural compounds have provided a wealth of leads and clues in drug development, the process of identifying their pharmacological effects is still a challenging task. Over the last decade, many in vitro screening methods have been developed to identify the pharmacological effects of natural compounds, but they are still costly processes with low productivity. Therefore, in silico methods, primarily based on molecular information, have been proposed. However, large-scale analysis is rarely considered, since many natural compounds do not have molecular structure and target protein information. Empirical knowledge of medicinal plants can be used as a key resource to solve the problem, but this information is not fully exploited and is used only as a preliminary tool for selecting plants for specific diseases. Here, we introduce a novel method to identify pharmacological effects of natural compounds from herbal medicine based on phenotype-oriented network analysis. In this study, medicinal plants with similar efficacy were clustered by investigating hierarchical relationships between the known efficacy of plants and 5,021 phenotypes in the phenotypic network. We then discovered significantly enriched natural compounds in each plant cluster and mapped the averaged pharmacological effects of the plant cluster to the natural compounds. This approach allows us to predict unexpected effects of natural compounds that have not been found by molecular analysis. When applied to verified medicinal compounds, our method successfully identified their pharmacological effects with high specificity and sensitivity.
Modulation of gluteus medius activity reflects the potential of the muscle to meet the mechanical demands during perturbed walking
Authors: Afschrift Maarten , Pitto Lorenzo , Aerts Wouter , van Deursen Robert , Jonkers Ilse , De Groote Friedl 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMediolateral stability during walking can be controlled by adjustment of foot placement. Reactive activity of gluteus medius (GM) is modulated during the gait cycle. However, the mechanisms behind the modulation are yet unclear. We measured reactive GM activity and kinematics in response to a mediolateral platform translation during different phases of the gait cycle. Forward simulations of perturbed walking were used to evaluate the isolated effect of the perturbation and the GM response on gait stability. We showed that the potential of GM to adjust lateral foot placement and prevent collisions during swing varies during the gait cycle and explains the observed modulation. The observed increase in stance, swing or combined GM activity causes an outward foot placement and therefore compensates for the loss of stability caused by a perturbation early in the gait cycle. GM activity of the swing leg in response to a platform translation late in the gait cycle counteracts foot placement, but prevents collision of the swing foot with the stance leg. This study provides insights in the neuromechanics of reactive control of gait stability and proposes a novel method to distinguish between the effect of perturbation force and reactive muscle activity on gait stability.
Diffractive multifocal intraocular lens implantation in eyes with a small-diameter pupil
Authors: Ouchi Masayuki , Shiba Takuya 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPostoperative outcome of diffractive multifocal intraocular lens (MIOL) implantation in eyes with a small-diameter pupil was evaluated. This non randomized case series involved 23 eyes of 23 patients who underwent diffractive MIOL implantation and whose preoperative photopic pupil diameter was ≤3.0 mm [small-diameter pupil (SDP) group], and 79 eyes of 79 patients implanted with the same MIOL whose pupil diameter was >3.0 mm as controls (LDP group). Contrast sensitivity of high spatial frequency (12, and 18 cycle per degree) and both 12.5% and 6% low-contrast visual acuity (VA) were significantly worse in the SDP group than in the LDP group (P = 0.04, 0.05, 0.05, 0.03). However, no significant difference was found between eyes in the SDP group with a postoperative pupil diameter greater than 3.0 mm and LDP group eyes. No significant differences were found in uncorrected and corrected distance VA (UDVA, CDVA), uncorrected and corrected near VA (UNVA, CNVA), contrast sensitivity with low spatial frequency, and defocus curve between the two groups. In conclusion, in eyes implanted with a diffractive MIOL, a pupil diameter of ≤3.0 mm deteriorates contrast sensitivity. This effect was eliminated postoperatively when pupil size was enlarged to >3.0 mm during surgery.
Hierarchical integration of porosity in shales
Authors: Ma Lin , Slater Thomas , Dowey Patrick J. , Yue Sheng , Rutter Ernest H. , Taylor Kevin G. , Lee Peter D. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPore characterization in shales is challenging owing to the wide range of pore sizes and types present. Haynesville-Bossier shale (USA) was sampled as a typical clay-bearing siliceous, organic-rich, gas-mature shale and characterized over pore diameters ranging 2 nm to 3000 nm. Three advanced imaging techniques were utilized correlatively, including the application of Xe+ plasma focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (plasma FIB or PFIB), complemented by the Ga+ FIB method which is now frequently used to characterise porosity and organic/inorganic phases, together with transmission electron microscope tomography of the nano-scale pores (voxel size 0.6 nm; resolution 1–2 nm). The three pore-size scales each contribute differently to the pore network. Those <10 nm (greatest number), 10 nm to 100 nm (best-connected hence controls transport properties), and >100 nm (greatest total volume hence determines fluid storativity). Four distinct pore types were found: intra-organic, organic-mineral interface, inter-mineral and intra-mineral pores were recognized, with characteristic geometries. The whole pore network comprises a globally-connected system between phyllosilicate mineral grains (diameter: 6–50 nm), and locally-clustered connected pores within porous organic matter (diameter: 200–800 nm). Integrated predictions of pore geometry, connectivity, and roles in controlling petrophysical properties were verified through experimental permeability measurements.
Structural Analysis of Glutamine Synthetase from Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Joo Hyun Kyu , Park Young Woo , Jang Young Yoon , Lee Jae Young 
Published: July 2018

AbstractGlutamine synthetase (GS) is an enzyme that regulates nitrogen metabolism and synthesizes glutamine via glutamate, ATP, and ammonia. GS is a homo-oligomeric protein of eight, ten, or twelve subunits, and each subunit-subunit interface has its own active site. GS can be divided into GS I, GS II, and GS III. GS I and GS III form dodecamer in bacteria and archaea, whereas GS II form decamer in eukaryotes. GS I can be further subdivided into GS I-α and GS I-β according to its sequence and regulatory mechanism. GS is an essential protein for the survival of Helicobacter pylori which its infection could promote gastroduodenal diseases. Here, we determined the crystal structures of the GS from H. pylori (Hpy GS) in its apo- and substrate-bound forms at 2.8 Å and 2.9 Å resolution, respectively. Hpy GS formed a dodecamer composed of two hexameric rings stacked face-to-face. Hpy GS, which belongs to GS I, cannot be clearly classified as either GS I-α or GS I-β based on its sequence and regulatory mechanism. In this study, we propose that Hpy GS could be classified as a new GS-I subfamily and provide structural information on the apo- and substrate-bound forms of the protein.
Amelioration of Photosynthesis and Quality of Wheat under Non-thermal Radio Frequency Plasma Treatment
Authors: Saberi Mahin , Modarres-Sanavy Seyed Ali Mohammad , Zare Rasoul , Ghomi Hamid 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPlasma treatment is recognized as a suitable technology to improve germination efficiency of numerous seeds. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate whether cold air plasma can change the quality and quantity of wheat yield. Effects of cold plasma treatment on wheat (Pishgam variety) yield were studied by a randomized complete block design experiment at the Faculty of Agriculture of Tarbiat Modarres University, Iran, during 2015–17. Seeds were pre-treated with 80 W of cold plasma at four levels of time, 60, 120, 180 and 240 seconds. Plasma effects on yield and quality of wheat were determined by measuring plant photosynthesis, grain yield, biological yield, 1000-grain weight, total chlorophyll, carotenoid, anthocyanin, protein and starch content. Results showed that plasma treatments had positive effects on wheat characteristics, and treatment of 180 s had the highest stimulatory effect. In both years, cold plasma increased grain yield at 180 s, but decreased it at 240 s compared with control. The rate of plant photosynthesis, grain yield, 1000-grain weight, carotenoid and anthocyanin were enhanced at 180 s. The starch content and grain protein were enhanced at 120 s cold plasma application compared with control.
Expression and localization of the polarity protein CRB2 in adult mouse brain: a comparison with the CRB1rd8 mutant mouse model
Authors: Dolón Jorge F. , Paniagua Antonio E. , Valle Vicente , Segurado Alicia , Arévalo Rosario , Velasco Almudena , Lillo Concepción 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAcquisition of cell polarization is essential for the performance of crucial functions, like a successful secretion and appropriate cell signaling in many tissues, and it depends on the correct functioning of polarity proteins, including the Crumbs complex. The CRB proteins, CRB1, CRB2 and CRB3, identified in mammals, are expressed in epithelial-derived tissues like brain, kidney and retina. CRB2 has a ubiquitous expression and has been detected in embryonic brain tissue; but currently there is no data regarding its localization in the adult brain. In our study, we characterized the presence of CRB2 in adult mice brain, where it is particularly enriched in cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus and cerebellum. Double immunofluorescence analysis confirmed that CRB2 is a neuron-specific protein, present in both soma and projections where colocalizes with certain populations of exocytic and endocytic vesicles and with other members of the Crumbs complex. Finally, in the cortex of CRB1rd8 mutant mice that contain a mutation in the Crb1 gene generating a truncated CRB1 protein, there is an abnormal increase in the expression levels of the CRB2 protein which suggests a possible compensatory mechanism for the malfunction of CRB1 in this mutant background.
Laktatazidose – Update 2018
Authors: Kluge Stefan , de Heer Geraldine , Jarczak Dominik , Nierhaus Axel , Fuhrmann Valentin 
Published: July 2018

Was ist neu?
Schwere Hyperlaktatämie bei Intensivpatienten Die Ursachen dafür sind vielfältig, am häufigsten liegen eine Sepsis bzw. ein septischer, kardiogener oder hämorrhagischer Schock vor. Eine Hyperlaktatämie ist ein unabhängiger Prädiktor für Versterben bei verschiedenen Gruppen kritisch kranker Patienten. Bei Serum-Laktatwerten > 10 mmol/l sterben 80 % der Patienten auf der Intensivstation. Persistiert die schwere Laktatazidose über 48 Stunden, so sterben alle Patienten. Erhöhte Laktatwerte erfordern eine umgehende diagnostische Abklärung und Einordnung.
Sepsis und septischer Schock Die neue Definition der Sepsis erfordert für den septischen Schock ein Serum-Laktat von > 2 mmol/l bei adäquater Volumensubstitution sowie eine Vasopressoren-Gabe, um bei persistierender Hypotonie einen mittleren arteriellen Druck ≥ 65 mmHg zu erzielen. Das 2018 publizierte „1-Stunden-Bündel“ der Surviving-Sepsis-Campaign empfiehlt als erste Maßnahme die Bestimmung des Laktatwertes – erhöhte Laktatwerte müssen engmaschig kontrolliert werden. Zudem werden die Abnahme von Blutkulturen, die Gabe eines Breitspektrum-Antibiotikums sowie die Gabe von Flüssigkeit und Vasopressoren in der ersten Stunde empfohlen. Die Gabe von Kristalloiden wird bei einem erhöhten Laktatwert (Laktat ≥ 4 mmol/l) oder bestehender Hypotension empfohlen, die Flüssigkeitsgabe kann anhand der Laktat-Clearance ausgerichtet werden.
Laktat bei Lebererkrankungen Bei Patienten mit einer Leberfunktionseinschränkung ist der Laktatmetabolismus verzögert. Der Laktatwert bei Aufnahme auf die Intensivstation ist bei Leberzirrhose signifikant mit der Anzahl an versagenden Organen sowie der Mortalität assoziiert. Die 12-Stunden-Laktat-Clearance hat bei Ausgangslaktatwerten von über 5 mmol/l eine starke prädiktive Aussage für das Überleben, welche auch nach Korrektur für die Schwere der zugrunde liegenden Erkrankung ein unabhängiger Prädiktor bleibt. Je stärker der Abfall des Laktats innerhalb der initialen Therapie war, desto besser ist das Outcome.
Die therapeutische Beziehung im forensischen und allgemeinpsychiatrischen Setting
Authors: Otte Stefanie , Streb Judith , Rasche Katharina , Franke Irina , Nigel Stefanie , Segmiller Felix , Sosic-Vasic Zrinka , Vasic Nenad , Dudeck Manuela 
Published: July 2018

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Da die therapeutische Beziehung im Maßregelvollzug bzw. in der Forensischen Psychiatrie aufgrund des Zwangscharakters sowie der Doppelrolle des Therapeuten als Behandler und als Sachverständiger besonders belastet ist, wurde die therapeutische Beziehung im Maßregelvollzug mit der therapeutischen Beziehung in der Allgemeinpsychiatrie verglichen.
Material & Methoden 52 Patienten des Maßregelvollzugs und 65 Patienten der Allgemeinpsychiatrie beantworteten das Psychopathy Personality Inventory – Revised (PPI-R), das Inventar zur Erfassung interpersonaler Probleme - Deutsche Version (IIP-D), den Fragebogen zur Erfassung der Psychotherapiemotivation (FPTM) sowie das Working Alliance Inventory – Short Revised (WAI-SR). Statistisch wurden deskriptive Analysen durchgeführt, univariate t-Tests, multivariate T-Tests sowie verallgemeinerte lineare Modelle gerechnet.
Ergebnisse Die Qualität der therapeutischen Beziehung wird von den Patienten des Maßregelvollzugs genauso positiv wahrgenommen wie von den Patienten der Allgemeinpsychiatrie. Patienten des Maßregelvollzugs sind tendenziell sogar eher davon überzeugt, dass die in der Therapie angewandten Techniken der Erreichung ihrer Therapieziele dienen.
Diskussion Die therapeutische Beziehung im Maßregelvollzug ist genauso tragfähig wie in der Allgemeinpsychiatrie. Dies könnte auf die längeren, zumeist mehrjährigen Unterbringungszeiten im Maßregelvollzug zurückgeführt werden, in deren Rahmen deutlich mehr Zeit auf den Beziehungsaufbau verwendet werden kann als im Rahmen einer zeitlich auf wenige Wochen begrenzten Therapie in der Allgemeinpsychiatrie.
Komplizierte Zeckenstich-Rickettsiose nach Safari-Tour in Südafrika
Authors: Lang Susanne , Bergmann Tobias , Kuschel Diana-Maria , Schiffl Helmut 
Published: July 2018

Zusammenfassung
Anamnese und klinischer Befund Ein 41-jähriger, bis dato gesunder Mann zog sich während einer Safaritour im Krüger Nationalpark einen Zeckenstich zu. 5 Tage später bekam er hohes Fieber mit schwerem Krankheitsgefühl. An der Zeckenstichstelle entwickelte sich ein charakteristisches Ulkus mit schwärzlichem Grund, Schorfbildung und rotem Hof (Eschar, Tache noir). Reise -und Zeckenstichanamnese legten den Verdacht einer Rickettsiose nahe.
Untersuchungen und Diagnose Die Diagnose einer Rickettsiose aus der Zeckenstichfiebergruppe (spotted-fever-group) wurde serologisch bestätigt. Der klinische Verlauf der Rickettsiose wurde durch eine Myokarditis kompliziert, die zunächst nur durch ein erhöhtes Troponin-I auffiel und später mittels Kardio-MRT bestätigt wurde. Der komplizierte Verlauf und der singuläre Eschar sprechen für eine Infektion mit Rickettsia conorii.
Therapie und Verlauf Es kam es zu einer raschen Rückbildung der Symptome der febrilen Infektionserkrankung unter der Therapie mit Doxycyclin. Die Rekonvaleszenz der importierten Reisekrankheit war durch die Myokarditis verzögert.
Folgerung Rickettsiosen sollten bei Afrikareisenden differenzialdiagnostisch in Erwägung gezogen werden. Sie verlaufen in der Regel mild; komplizierte Verläufe können auch bei gesunden jungen Menschen auftreten.
Fibrin Detected in Plasma of Patients with Disseminated intravascuiar Coagulation by Fibrin-specific Antibodies Consists Primarily of High Molecular Weight Factor XIIIa-crosslinked and Plasmin-modified Complexes Partially Containing Fibrinopeptide A
Authors: Pfitzner Susanne A , Dempfle Carl-Erik , Matsuda Michio , Heene Dieter L 
Published: July 2018

SummaryPooled plasma from 40 patients with severe disseminated intravascuiar coagulation (DIC) secondary to septic conditions was subjected to gel permeation chromatography on Sephacryl S-500 HR after sample pretreatment with KSCN for dissociation of non-covalent fibrin complexes. Fibrin antigen in eluates was detected by an array of ELISA tests, using two monoclonal antibodies against fibrin degradation product D-dimer, a monoclonal antibody against an epitope generated by plasmin cleavage of the D-domain, and an antibody against the neo-N- terminus of the α-chain of fibrin exposed by cleavage of fibrinopeptide A. Tag antibodies were a polyclonal antibody against the fibrinogen/ fibrin D-domain, a POD-conjugated version of the monoclonal antibody against fibrin α-chain neo-N-terminus, and a polyclonal antibody against fibrinopeptide A. Most fibrin-related material present in the pooled DIC plasma was of higher molecular mass than fibrinogen. Fibrin polymers were reactive with antibodies against D-dimer, plasmin cleaved D-domain, and fibrin α-chain neo-N-terminus. Part of the polymers reacted with antibodies against fibrinopeptide A, indicating presence of fibrinogen or desA-fibrin monomer within the covalently linked complex. In conclusion, the primary analytes detected by monoclonal antibodies for D-dimer, plasmin-specific epitopes of fibrin degradation products, as well as sites exposed by fibrinopeptide cleavage in plasma from patients with disseminated intravascuiar coagulation are high molecular weight factor XIIIa-crosslinked fibrin complexes, containing plasmin-cleaved D-domains, intact fibrin monomer units, and fibrinogen or desA-fibrin monomer.
Arg506 to Gin Mutation in the Factor V Gene Causes Poor Fibrinolytic Response in Children after Venous Occlusion
Authors: Nowak-Göttl Ulrike , Binder Martha , Dübbers Angelika , Kehrel Beate , Koch Hans-Georg , Veltmann Hildegard , Vielhaber Heinrich 
Published: July 2018

SummaryTo determine to what extent the Arg506 to Gin mutation in the factor V gene influences the fibrinolytic response after 20 min venous occlusion (VO) we investigated a population of APC resistant children (n = 60) and a group of age-matched healthy controls (n = 25). After 20 min VO, symptomatic (n = 30) carriers of the common factor V mutation showed significantly reduced t-PA activities compared with asymptomatic (n = 30) carriers (p <0.0001) and healthy controls (p <0.0001). In contrast, PAI1 activity was significantly (p <0.0001) higher before and after VO in children with the factor V mutation compared with healthy children. No difference was found between symptomatic and asymptomatic probands. A significantly lower PAI 1 antigen decrease along with a lower t-PA antigen release was found in the APC resistant children compared with the controls. No significant difference was seen between individuals with and without previous vascular insults. As the lack of t-PA activity after VO in symptomatic carriers is the most conspicuous result, we suggest that the factor V gene mutation itself might induce the fibrinolytic impairment by increasing the thrombin levels and thus increasing the recently described thrombin-activable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI).