bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling predicts that soybean is poised to dominate crop production across Africa
Authors: Foyer Christine H. , Siddique Kadambot H.M. , Tai Amos P.K. , Anders Sven , Fodor Nándor , Wong Fuk‐Ling , Ludidi Ndiko , Chapman Mark A. , Ferguson Brett J. , Considine Michael J. , Zabel Florian , Prasad P.V. Vara , Varshney Rajeev K. , Nguyen Henry T. , Lam Hon‐Ming 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe superior agronomic and human nutritional properties of grain legumes (pulses) make them an ideal foundation for future sustainable agriculture. Legume‐based farming is particularly important in Africa, where small‐scale agricultural systems dominate the food production landscape. Legumes provide an inexpensive source of protein and nutrients to African households as well as natural fertilization for the soil. Although the consumption of traditionally grown legumes has started to decline, the production of soybeans (Glycine max Merr.) is spreading fast, especially across southern Africa. Predictions of future land‐use allocation and production show that the soybean is poised to dominate future production across Africa. Land use models project an expansion of harvest area, whereas crop models project possible yield increases. Moreover, a seed change in farming strategy is underway. This is being driven largely by the combined cash crop value of products such as oils and the high nutritional benefits of soybean as an animal feed. Intensification of soybean production has the potential to reduce the dependence of Africa on soybean imports. However, a successful “soybean bonanza” across Africa necessitates an intensive research, development, extension, and policy agenda to ensure that soybean genetic improvements and production technology meet future demands for sustainable production.
Immunotherapy of alveolar echinococcosis via PD‐1/PD‐L1 immune checkpoint blockade in mice
Authors: Wang Junhua , Jebbawi Fadi , Bellanger Anne‐Pauline , Beldi Guido , Millon Laurence , Gottstein Bruno 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThe growth potential of the tumour‐like Echinococcus multilocularis metacestode (causing alveolar echinococcosis, AE) is directly dependent upon the nature/function of the periparasitic adaptive host immune‐mediated processes. PD‐1/PD‐L1 pathway (programmed cell death 1), which inhibits lymphocytic proliferation in tumour development, is over‐expressed at the chronic stage of AE. We tested the impact of a PD‐1/PD‐L1 pathway blockade on the outcome of both chronic AE (intraperitoneal metacestode inoculation, secondary AE and SAE) and acute AE (peroral egg infection, primary AE and PAE). To assess the parasite proliferation potential, we measured parasite mass weight for SAE and liver lesion number for PAE. In both models, the parasite load was significantly decreased in response to anti‐PD‐L1 antibody treatment. In SAE, anti‐PDL1 administration was associated with increased Th1 response parameters and decreased Treg responses, while in PAE anti‐PDL1 administration was associated with fewer lesions in the liver and decreased Treg/Th2 responses. Our findings highly suggested that a PD‐1/PD‐L1 pathway blockade triggered the host immune responses in favour of an immune‐mediated control of E. multilocularis proliferation. Based on this, future studies that combine PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade with a parasitostatic albendazole medication may yield in a putatively curative therapeutic approach to control alveolar echinococcosis.
Toxicological characterization of Fukuyoa paulensis (Dinophyceae) from temperate Australia
Authors: Larsson Michaela E. , Harwood Tim D. , Lewis Richard J. , S. W. A. Himaya , Doblin Martina A. 
Published: October 2018

SUMMARYDinoflagellates of the genus Gambierdiscus are known to produce neurotoxins that cause the human illness ciguatera, a tropical and sub‐tropical fish poisoning. Some species from the Gambierdiscus genus were recently re‐classified into a new genus, Fukuyoa based on their phylogenetic and morphological divergence, however, little is known about their distribution, ecology and toxicology. Here we report the first occurrence of F. paulensis in the temperate coastal waters of eastern Australia and characterize its toxicology. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) did not detect the presence of ciguatoxins, however, a putative maitotoxin congener (MTX‐3) was present. Similarly, high maitotoxin‐like activity was detected in High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) fractionated cell extracts using a Ca2+ influx bioassay on a Fluorescent Imaging Plate Reader (FLIPR), but no ciguatoxin‐like activity was detected.
Personal responsibility modulates neural representations of anticipatory and experienced pain
Authors: Pu Min , Yu Rongjun 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAn individual's sense of personal responsibility is crucial for adaptive functioning in ever‐changing social situations. This study investigated how the sense of personal responsibility affected the neural dynamics of anticipating one's own pain and another person's pain, using EEG. Participants played a cooperation game in which either the participant (self‐context) or the confederate (other‐context) received a mild electric shock whenever one of them erred. At the anticipatory stage of pain, feedback‐related negativity (FRN) and P300 were sensitive to the degree of responsibility in both contexts. The FRN was more negative when the participant had full responsibility (only the participant had erred) than when the participant shared responsibility with the confederate (both had erred) or had no responsibility (only the confederate had erred), and shared responsibility elicited more negative FRN than no responsibility. Having no responsibility produced larger P300 amplitudes than having shared or full responsibility, whereas there was no significant difference in P300 amplitude between the shared responsibility and the full responsibility conditions. When the shock was delivered to the participants, the P2 was smaller when there was no responsibility than when there was shared or full responsibility. When participants observed the painful facial expressions of the confederates, the P300 was not sensitive to responsibility level. Our results suggest that responsibility level modulates FRN and P300 in anticipation of pain experienced by both self and others, reflecting the attentional and affective experiences in both pain‐ and empathy‐related processes.
What is the concept of parental ‘emotional transference’ to children? A Walker and Avant concept analysis
Authors: Oh Won‐Oak , Yeom Insun , Kim Dong‐Seok 
Published: October 2018

ProblemHuman emotions come from relationships with others, and emotional states can be transferred to others through emotional transfer, leading people to experience identical emotions unconsciously. Emotional transference is not a new concept; however, no concept analysis has been performed on emotional transference from parents to children.Eligibility criteriaA literature search was conducted of terms related to ‘emotional transference’, (e.g. ‘emotional transfer’ and ‘affective transference’) in the following databases: PubMed, CINAHL, ProQuest, RISS and DBPIA published between 1987 and 2016; documents were published in English or Korean.SampleForty‐four studies met review criteria.ResultsThis review highlighted analysis of the concept of emotional transference from parent to child, a unidirectional process. The apparent attributes which are of importance to the child during parental interaction consist of parental expression (facial, voice, postural), child's interpretation of parental emotional expression and child's emotional formation.ConclusionsUnderstanding parental emotional transference to children is very important in effecting positive outcomes in the nursing environment.ImplicationsNurses need to be aware that parental emotional transference to children and its attributes essential to assessment and intervention. Further study and education are needed to develop nursing care for children.
Lived experiences of surviving in‐hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Bremer Anders , Dahné Tova , Stureson Lovisa , Årestedt Kristofer , Thylén Ingela 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundOut‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest survivors suffer from psychological distress and cognitive impairments. They experience existential insecurity and vulnerability and are striving to return to a life in which well‐being and the meaning of life have partly changed. However, research highlighting the experiences of in‐hospital cardiac arrest survivors is lacking. This means that evidence for postresuscitation care has largely been extrapolated from studies on out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest survivors, without considering potential group differences. Studies investigating survivors’ experiences of an in‐hospital cardiac arrest are therefore needed.AimTo illuminate meanings of people's lived experiences of surviving an in‐hospital cardiac arrest.DesignAn explorative, phenomenological hermeneutic method to illuminate meanings of lived experiences.MethodParticipants were identified through the Swedish national register of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and recruited from two hospitals. A purposive sample of eight participants, 53–99 years old, who survived an in‐hospital cardiac arrest 1–3 years earlier, was interviewed.FindingsThe survivors were striving to live in everyday life and striving for security. The struggle to reach a new identity meant an existence between restlessness and a peace of mind, searching for emotional well‐being and bodily abilities. The search for existential wholeness meant a quest for understanding and explanation of the fragmented cardiac arrest event and its existential consequences. The transition from hospital to home meant a transition from care and protection to uncertainty and vulnerability with feelings of abandonment, which called for a search for security and belonging, away from isolation and loneliness.ConclusionSurviving an in‐hospital cardiac arrest can be further understood by means of the concept of hospital‐to‐home transition. Following hospital discharge, patients felt vulnerable and abandoned when pending between denial and acceptance of the ‘new’ life. Hence, the healthcare system should play a significant role when it comes to facilitate cardiac arrest survivors’ security during hospital‐to‐home transition.
Effects of care assistant communication style on communicative behaviours of residents with dementia: a systematic multiple case study
Authors: Stanyon Miriam , Thomas Shirley , Gordon Adam , Griffiths Amanda 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesTo determine whether varying the communication style of care assistants, encouraging them to use direct instructions and allowing more time for residents’ responses influenced the communicative behaviour of care home residents living with dementia.DesignThis study used a multiple systematic case study design. Participants were video‐recorded during morning care routines in three communication conditions: usual communication, direct instructions and pacing (allowing more time for resident responses). Each dyad acted as its own control.SettingThe study took place in a residential care home in the East Midlands, UK.ParticipantsThree dyads (person with dementia/care worker)MeasuresThe level of compliance with instructions was measured. Validated measures were used to rate positive communicative behaviour (engagement with care tasks, eye contact and initiation of interaction) and negative communicative behaviour (e.g. shouting and kicking).ResultsCare assistants were able to employ direct instructions after brief training. The use of direct instructions was positively correlated with positive communicative behaviour from residents (p < 0.05). The pacing condition was not employed adequately to evaluate effectiveness. Negative communicative behaviour (resistiveness to care) was rare.ConclusionThe use of direct instructions by care assistants holds promise for effective communication with people with dementia and warrants further investigation in larger samples and in varied contexts.
Nonfatal Suicidal Behaviors of Chinese Rural‐to‐Urban Migrant Workers: Attitude Toward Suicide Matters
Authors: Zhong Bao‐Liang , Chan Sandra Sau Man , Liu Tie‐Bang , Chiu Helen Fung‐Kum 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveTo examine the attitude toward suicide (ATS) and its influence on nonfatal suicidal behaviors of Chinese rural‐to‐urban migrant workers (MWs).MethodAltogether, 3031 MWs completed the positive ATS Scale and structured questions regarding lifetime suicide ideation, plan, and attempt. Mental health help‐seeking behaviors of MWs were also investigated.ResultsOverall, MWs held a more negative ATS than the Chinese general population. The lifetime prevalence of suicide ideation, plan, and attempt was 5.5%, 1.3%, and 1.1%, respectively. After controlling for lifetime depressive disorders and other covariates, a negative ATS was still significantly associated with lower risk of lifetime suicide ideation (OR = 0.32), plan (OR = 0.22), and attempt (OR = 0.26). MWs with a negative ATS were more likely to talk to others and seek help by online/telephone consultation for their mental health and suicidal problems (p < .05). A more positive ATS was significantly associated with male gender, low education level, ethnic minority of Miao, low monthly income, and originating from western China.ConclusionsThe majority of MWs hold a negative ATS, which significantly contributes to their relatively low risk of nonfatal suicidal behaviors. The more help‐seeking from others and online/telephone consultation in MWs with a negative ATS may lower their risk of nonfatal suicidal behaviors.
Mother–Daughter Interpersonal Processes Underlying the Association Between Child Maltreatment and Adolescent Suicide Ideation
Authors: Handley Elizabeth D. , Adams Tangeria R. , Manly Jody Todd , Cicchetti Dante , Toth Sheree L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to investigate whether mother‐daughter relationship quality and mother‐daughter conflict represent mechanisms underlying the association between child maltreatment and adolescent passive or active suicide ideation.MethodThe sample included 164 socioeconomically disadvantaged depressed adolescent girls and their mothers (adolescents: mean age = 14.00 years; 66.3% African‐American, 21.3% white, 14.0% Latina). Structural equation modeling was used to test three simultaneous and distinct mediating pathways linking child maltreatment to adolescent suicide ideation: (1) mother‐daughter relationship quality, (2) mother‐daughter conflict, and 3) adolescent depressive symptoms.ResultsConsistent with the interpersonal‐psychological theory of suicide (Joiner, Why people die by suicide, 2005, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA), both mother‐daughter relationship quality and mother‐daughter conflict mediated the effect of child maltreatment on adolescent suicide ideation, over and above the significant depressive symptoms mediational pathway.ConclusionsThese findings advance our understanding of why individuals who experienced child maltreatment are at risk for suicide ideation and highlight the importance of relationship‐based interventions for these vulnerable youths.
Demographic and health profile of older Australian blood donors: results from the Extended Donor Vigilance data linkage study (EDV:Link)
Authors: Gemelli Carley N. , Thijsen Amanda , Karki Surendra , Davison Tanya E. , Irving David O. , Wright Stephen T. 
Published: October 2018

Background and ObjectivesWithin Australia, there is a desire to increase blood donation frequency to meet the increasing demand for plasma and certain blood types. However, little is known about any long‐term health consequences for donors. To address this gap, a data linkage study has been conducted, linking routine blood collection data to existing health outcome related data sources to create the Extended Donor Vigilance (EDV:Link) cohort. This paper describes the demographics and health characteristics of this cohort.Materials and MethodsAustralian Red Cross Blood Service data were linked to the Sax Institute's 45 and Up Study, to asses self‐reported health risk behaviours, and the New South Wales Admitted Patients Database Collection (hospital records), to examine the hospitalization pattern. Participants were classified and described as current donors, lapsed donors and non‐donors.ResultsOf the 266 885 participants in the 45 and Up Study, 25 231 (9·5%) were identified as current donors and 12 452 (4·7%) as lapsed donors. Compared to non‐donors, current donors were younger, more highly educated, more likely to be in paid employment, more likely to be a non‐smoker, consumed more alcohol and were more physically active. Compared to lapsed donors, current donors were younger, had fewer comorbidities and better self‐reported health, consumed more alcohol and were more physically active.ConclusionThrough the linkage of various health administrative data sets, the EDV:Link cohort provides rich information to answer important research questions relating to the sustainability of the Australian blood supply and long‐term health outcomes of blood donors.
Enhanced availability of serotonin increases activation of unfatigued muscle but exacerbates central fatigue during prolonged sustained contractions
Authors: Kavanagh Justin J. , McFarland Amelia J. , Taylor Janet L. 
Published: October 2018

Key points
Animal preparations have revealed that moderate synaptic release of serotonin (5‐HT) onto motoneurones enhances motor activity via activation of 5‐HT2 receptors, whereas intense release of 5‐HT causes spillover of 5‐HT to extrasynaptic 5‐HT1A receptors on the axon initial segment to reduce motoneurone activity.
We explored if increasing extracellular concentrations of endogenously released 5‐HT (via the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor paroxetine) influences the ability to perform unfatigued and fatigued maximal voluntary contractions in humans.
Following the ingestion of paroxetine, voluntary muscle activation and torque generation increased during brief unfatigued maximal contractions. In contrast, the ability to generate maximal torque with increased 5‐HT availability was compromised under fatigued conditions, which was consistent with paroxetine‐induced reductions in motoneurone excitability and voluntary muscle activation.
This is the first in vivo human study to provide evidence that 5‐HT released onto the motoneurones could play a role in central fatigue.
AbstractBrief stimulation of the raphe–spinal pathway in the turtle spinal cord releases serotonin (5‐HT) onto motoneurones to enhance excitability. However, intense release of 5‐HT via prolonged stimulation results in 5‐HT spillover to the motoneurone axon initial segment to activate inhibitory 5‐HT1A receptors, thus providing a potential spinal mechanism for exercise‐induced central fatigue. We examined how increased extracellular concentrations of 5‐HT affect the ability to perform brief, as well as sustained, maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) in humans. Paroxetine was used to enhance 5‐HT concentrations by reuptake inhibition, and three studies were performed. Study 1 (n = 14) revealed that 5‐HT reuptake inhibition caused an ∼4% increase in elbow flexion MVC. However, when maximal contractions were sustained, time‐to‐task failure was reduced and self‐perceived fatigue was higher with enhanced availability of 5‐HT. Study 2 (n = 11) used twitch interpolation to reveal that 5‐HT‐based changes in motor performance had a neural basis. Enhanced 5‐HT availability increased voluntary activation for the unfatigued biceps brachii and decreased voluntary activation of the biceps brachii by 2–5% following repeated maximal elbow flexions. The final study (n = 8) investigated whether altered motoneurone excitability may contribute to 5‐HT changes in voluntary activation. F‐waves of the abductor digiti minimi (ADM) were unaffected by paroxetine for unfatigued muscle and marginally affected following a brief 2‐s MVC. However, F‐wave area and persistence were significantly decreased following a prolonged 60‐s MVC of the ADM. Overall, high serotonergic drive provides a spinal mechanism by which higher concentrations of 5‐HT may contribute to central fatigue.
Sports Participation Decreases the Incidence of Traumatic, Nonsports-Related Fractures Among Adolescents
Authors: Lynch Kyle R. , Fredericson Michael , Turi-Lynch Bruna , Agostinete Ricardo R. , Ito Igor H. , Luiz-de-Marco Rafael , Rodrigues-Junior Mario A. , Fernandes Rômulo A. 
Published: October 2018

Objectives: To investigate the effects of different sports on the incidence of traumatic fractures (TF; sport-related fractures and those occurring in daily activities) among adolescents during the 9-month follow-up period. Methods: The adolescents were contacted in 11 different locations (3 public/private schools and 8 sports clubs), and the final sample was divided into 3 groups: control (n = 121), swimming (n = 51), and impact sports (n = 142). The incidence of TF was calculated by considering the exposure to sports (TF/1000 h). Results: In the overall sample, the incidence of TF was 1.29 TF/1000 hours of sports exposure, while the incidence of sport-related TF was 0.39 TF/1000 hours of sports exposure. Adolescents engaged in sports (P = .004), independently of type (P = .001), for 3 or more days per week (P = .004) and more than 60 minutes per day (P = .001) had lower incidence of TF. Adolescents engaged in more than 300 minutes per week of sport (0.17 TF/1000 h) had lower incidence than those who did not (2.06 TF/1000 h [P = .001]). A similar finding was observed for sport-related TF (≥300 min/wk: 0.08 TF/1000 h vs 300 min/wk: 0.615 TF/1000 h [P = .02]). Conclusion: Adolescents engaged in sports showed a lower incidence of TF than nonengaged adolescents.
Breakthrough cancer pain tailored treatment: which factors influence the medication choice? An observational, prospective and cross-sectional study in patients with terminal cancer
Authors: Magnani Caterina , Giannarelli Diana , Calvieri Alice , Dardeli Ana , Eusepi Giovanni , Restuccia Maria Rosa , Mastroianni Chiara , Casale Giuseppe 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundVarious options for the pharmacological treatment of breakthrough cancer pain (BTcP) are available. International guidelines on BTcP treatment are not univocal. A tailored treatment should be based on the assessment of different variables such as BTcP characteristics, oral mucositis, chronic rhinitis and a patient’s ability to take medication.ObjectiveThe goal of this study is to assess the relationship between these variables and the medication treatment for BTcP in a sample of patients with terminal cancer.MethodsA prospective, cross-sectional study was carried out among 1180 patients who were receiving palliative care programmes. Patients were recruited if they had a diagnosis of BTcP and had been prescribed rescue opioids. Variables that might influence the BTcP treatment were assessed.ResultsOne hundred and forty-nine eligible patients were enrolled; 59.1% of patients received short-acting oral morphine (OM), 27.5% transmucosal immediate-release fentanyl (TIRF) and 13.4% parenteral morphine for BTcP treatment. Short-acting OM prescription was related to background pain treatment with OM &lt;60  mg daily (p&lt;0.0001) and to home-care setting of assistance (p=0.004). Continuous intravenous morphine infusion and the presence of a vascular access were the main factors related to intravenous morphine prescription for BTcP. TIRF use was mainly related to background opioid dosage and the patient’s self-sufficiency in taking medication.ConclusionIn clinical practice, the factors that most influenced the pharmacological treatment for BTcP were baseline opioid dosage, setting of assistance and self-ability to take medication. Further research is needed to improve the knowledge on tailored BTcP treatment.