bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accusing Women as Witches: A Gendered Outlook
Authors: Baruah Chitralekha , Thakur Mini Bhattacharyya 
Published: October 2019

A woman is an integral part of all public affairs of the society, from rituals and festivals to a community meeting. But then, she is tactfully debarred from taking leadership, making decisions, or from the liberty of choosing an unconventional lifestyle for herself. Witch-hunting is one of those numerous ways and means of keeping women within the periphery well defined for them in patriarchal societies. Accusations of varying kinds are leveled, and suspected persons are targeted. Even if she survives after the accusation, she lives in constant fear with the trauma of nonacceptance in the society. She is denied access to public resources as well as economic activities in and around the village. The violation of rights in witch-hunting takes its root in the gendered roles of individuals, set by tradition. These roles and the subsequent subordinate position of women are considered normal and generally a woman is not expected to question the patriarchal authority. The current study attempts to compare four individual case studies of witch-hunting of women from Goalpara and West Karbi Anglong Districts of Assam and West Garo Hills District of Meghalaya. Case study method has been explicitly used to find out how it became easy for the instigators to get mass support in targeting each of these four women, and how they were dehumanized, and eventually were banished from their villages or murdered. The article attempts to showcase witch-hunting as one of the strategies used for continuation of the patriarchal control over the ordinary women to obstruct their rise in rural remote areas of Meghalaya and Assam. Here superstition is the larger backdrop within which factors such as jealousy, enmity and nonacceptance get legitimized in a patriarchal setting.
Pareto-Superiority of Corporate Social Responsibility in Unionised Industries
Authors: Fanti Luciano , Buccella Domenico 
Published: October 2019

Economists believe that a firm’s engagement in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is motivated by objectives beyond increasing profits. Using a duopoly framework with convex technology and an industry-wide union-setting wage at the central level, this work shows that, when owners cooperatively select a level of CSR engagement, profits under CSR are higher than under standard profit maximisation; thus, the simple self-interest of firms’ owners leads to the adoption of CSR. Moreover, the union, consumers, and the overall social welfare in the presence of CSR activities are higher than without CSR. As such, the social concerns of firms’ owners yield a Pareto-superior outcome. JEL: J51, L13, M14
Precarious contours of work–family conflict: The case of nurses in Turkey
Authors: Sarıtaş Canet Tuba 
Published: October 2019

This article examines the impact of the neoliberal restructuring of health services on female nurses in Turkey. It provides a qualitative analysis of work–family conflict, establishing that not only work but also family life has become more precarious. The contours of precariousness of both work and family are analysed through interviews with 50 female nurses working full time in different areas of health service provision. The findings suggest that the neoliberal restructuring of health services has led to staffing deficits along with workload intensification, unpredictable work schedules and poor organisational support. This has increased work–family conflict, defined as a form of precariousness because it heightens the difficulties, risks and insecurities entailed in balancing family-related expectations with increasing work demands for female nurses. This precariousness makes spousal support critical if nurses are to be able to address work–family conflict and leads to nurses’ compliance with unfavourable working conditions as a way to resolve the mutual interference of family and work. The increased subordination of life to work has resulted from the neoliberal managerialisation of health services, creating precarisation in the lives of female nurses. JEL Codes: D1, J2, J7, J81
Parental alcohol consumption and the risk of congenital heart diseases in offspring: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Senmao , Wang Lesan , Yang Tubao , Chen Lizhang , Zhao Lijuan , Wang Tingting , Chen Letao , Ye Ziwei , Zheng Zan , Qin Jiabi 
Published: October 2019

Objective The aim of this study was to provide updated evidence to assess the association between parental alcohol consumption and the risk of total congenital heart diseases (CHDs) and specific CHD phenotypes in offspring, and explore the possible dose–response pattern. Methods PubMed, Embase and Chinese databases were searched with an end-date parameter of July 24, 2019 to identify studies meeting pre-stated inclusion criteria. A random-effects model was used to calculate the overall combined risk estimates. A meta-analysis of the dose–response relationship was performed. Subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and Galbraith plot were conducted to explore potential heterogeneity moderators. Results A total of 55 studies involving 41,747 CHD cases and 297,587 controls were identified. Overall, both maternal (odds ratio (OR) = 1.16; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05–1.27) and paternal (OR = 1.44; 95% CI: 1.19–1.74) alcohol exposures were significantly associated with risk of total CHDs in offspring. Additionally, a nonlinear dose–response relationship between parental alcohol exposure and risk of total CHDs was observed. With an increase in parental alcohol consumption, the risk of total CHDs in offspring also gradually increases. For specific CHD phenotypes, a statistically significant association was found between maternal alcohol consumption and risk of tetralogy of fallot (OR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.08–1.33). Relevant heterogeneity moderators have been identified by subgroup analysis, and sensitivity analysis yielded consistent results. Conclusions Although the role of potential bias and evidence of heterogeneity should be carefully evaluated, our review indicates that parental alcohol exposures are significantly associated with the risk of CHDs in offspring, which highlights the necessity of improving health awareness to prevent alcohol exposure during preconception and conception periods.
Subsidence and perioperative periprosthetic fractures using collarless hydroxyapatite-coated stem for displaced femoral neck fractures according to Dorr type
Authors: Song Joo-Hyoun , Jo Woo-Lam , Lee Kee-Haeng , Cho Yoon-Joo , Park Joonyoung , Oh Seungbae 
Published: October 2019

Background: Hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated stem has been introduced to decrease complications and eventually achieve quicker implant ingrowth and long-term stability. The aim of this study was to determine subsidence rate and incidence of perioperative periprosthetic fracture (PPF) of uncemented collarless Corail stem for displaced femoral neck fractures according to Dorr type. Methods: A retrospective review of plain radiographs and clinical data was carried out to identify consecutive patients who underwent uncemented hip hemiarthroplasty using collarless HA-coated Corail stem between March 2010 and August 2014. The risk of subsidence and PPF according to Dorr type was evaluated. Results: Dorr types A, B, and C were found in 66 (median age 74, 29.7%), 107 (median age 77, 48.2%), and 49 (median age 80, 22.1%) cases, respectively. Subsidence of stem occurred in eight (3.6%) cases. Dorr type had significant relationship ( p < 0.05) with subsidence. Type C canals had higher rates of subsidence. PPFs occurred in 11 (5.0%) cases without showing significant difference among Dorr types not significant (n.s.). Female gender was not influential on subsidence (n.s.) and PPF (n.s.). Conclusion: Dorr type C had higher risk of subsidence when using uncemented collarless HA-coated stem. Dorr canal type had no bearing on risk of PPFs. Women did not have significantly higher risk of both subsidence and PPFs compared to men. A collarless fully HA-coated Corail stem had 3.6% of radiological subsidence and 5.0% of PPF risk.
Enhanced osteogenesis of quasi-three-dimensional hierarchical topography
Authors: Yu Mengfei , Liu Yu , Yu Xiaowen , Li Jianhua , Zhao Wenquan , Hu Ji’an , Cheng Kui , Weng Wenjian , Zhang Bin , Wang Huiming , Dong Lingqing 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Natural extracellular matrices (ECMs) are three-dimensional (3D) and multi-scale hierarchical structure. However, coatings used as ECM-mimicking structures for osteogenesis are typically two-dimensional or single-scaled. Here, we design a distinct quasi-three-dimensional hierarchical topography integrated of density-controlled titania nanodots and nanorods. We find cellular pseudopods preferred to anchor deeply across the distinct 3D topography, dependently of the relative density of nanorods, which promote the osteogenic differentiation of osteoblast but not the viability of fibroblast. The in vivo experimental results further indicate that the new bone formation, the relative bone-implant contact as well as the push-put strength, are significantly enhanced on the 3D hierarchical topography. We also show that the exposures of HFN7.1 and mAb1937 critical functional motifs of fibronectin for cellular anchorage are up-regulated on the 3D hierarchical topography, which might synergistically promote the osteogenesis. Our findings suggest the multi-dimensions and multi-scales as vital characteristic of cell-ECM interactions and as an important design parameter for bone implant coatings.
Differential expression of the miR-17-92 cluster and miR-17 family in breast cancer according to tumor type; results from the Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) study
Authors: Moi Line , Braaten Tonje , Al-Shibli Khalid , Lund Eiliv , Busund Lill-Tove Rasmussen 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are promising biomarkers due to their structural stability and distinct expression profile in various cancers. We wanted to explore the miRNA expression in benign breast tissue and breast cancer subgroups in the Norwegian Women and Cancer study.

Methods
Specimens and histopathological data from study participants in Northern Norway diagnosed with breast cancer, and benign tissue from breast reduction surgery were collected. Main molecular subtypes were based on surrogate markers; luminal A (ER+ and/or PR+, HER2− and Ki67 ≤ 30%), luminal B (ER+ and/or PR+, HER2− and Ki67 > 30% or ER+ and/or PR+ and HER2+), HER2 positive (ER− and PR− and HER2+) and triple-negative (ER−, PR− and HER2−). RNA was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue, and miRNAs were successfully analyzed in 102 cancers and 36 benign controls using the 7th generation miRCURY LNA microarray containing probes targeting all human miRNAs as annotated in miRBASE version 19.0. Validation with RT-qPCR was performed.

Results
On average, 450 miRNAs were detected in each sample, and 304 miRNAs were significantly different between malignant and benign tissue. Subgroup analyses of cancer cases revealed 23 miRNAs significantly different between ER+ and ER− tumors, and 47 miRNAs different between tumors stratified according to grade. Significantly higher levels were found in high grade tumors for miR-17-5p (p = 0.006), miR-20a-5p (p = 0.007), miR-106b-5p (p = 0.007), miR-93-5p (p = 0.007) and miR-25-3p (p = 0.015) from the paralogous clusters miR-17-92 and miR-106b-25. Expression of miR-17-5p (p = 0.0029), miR-20a-5p (p = 0.0021), miR-92a-3p (p = 0.011) and miR-106b-5p (p = 0.021) was significantly higher in triple-negative tumors compared to the rest, and miR-17-5p and miR-20a-5p were significantly lower in luminal A tumors.

Conclusions
miRNA expression profiles were significantly different between malignant and benign tissue and between cancer subgroups according to ER− status, grade and molecular subtype. miRNAs in the miR-17-92 cluster and miR-17 family were overexpressed in high grade and triple-negative tumors associated with aggressive behavior. The expression and functional role of these miRNAs should be further studied in breast cancer to explore their potential as biomarkers in diagnostic pathology and clinical oncology.
Ground state solutions for Hamiltonian elliptic systems with super or asymptotically quadratic nonlinearity
Authors: He Yubo , Qin Dongdong , Chen Dongdong 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This article concerns the Hamiltonian elliptic system:
$$ \textstyle\begin{cases} -\Delta \varphi +V(x)\varphi =G_{\psi }(x,\varphi ,\psi ) & \mbox{in } \mathbb {R}^{N}, \\ -\Delta \psi +V(x)\psi =G_{\varphi }(x,\varphi ,\psi ) & \mbox{in } \mathbb {R}^{N}, \\ \varphi , \psi \in H^{1}(\mathbb {R}^{N}). \end{cases} $$

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, least energy solution of the system is obtained for the super-quadratic case with a new technical condition, and the existence of ground state solutions of Nehari–Pankov type is established for the asymptotically quadratic case. The results obtained in the paper generalize and improve related ones in the literature.
Assessing effectiveness of a novel mid-upper arm circumference Z-score tape in a community setting in Guatemala
Authors: Miller Mikaela A. , Mallory Kristen , Escobedo Manolo , Tarot Ana Cecilia , Abdel-Rahman Susan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) is an independent anthropometric measurement used to identify malnutrition in children. While much research has been dedicated to applying fixed estimates of MUAC to identify cases of malnutrition in children under 5 years of age, far less has been done with age-specific MUAC Z-score values across the continuum of age from birth through adolescence.

Methods
The present study examined the effectiveness of a novel MUAC Z-score tape, in the hands of community health volunteers, to identify children over the age of 5 who would benefit from nutritional rehabilitation. In January of 2019, 112 community health volunteers working within Children International in Guatemala were trained to use the MUAC Z-score tape and asked to collect measurements on children or youth in their communities.

Results
Of the 818 MUAC Z-score tape measurements obtained by volunteers, 88.26% (722/818) were concordant with nutritional risk status as predicted by BMI Z-score, and 90.95% (744/818) were concordant with MUAC Z-score tape measurements made by field medical staff. MUAC Z-scores identified 87.10% (27/31) of the severely or moderately undernourished children as determined by the BMI Z-score who would be candidates for the nutrition rehabilitation program (Z-score ≤ − 2) along with an additional six children that would not have been classified as such with BMI Z-score. A qualitative survey distributed to the volunteers showed moderate rates of understanding of nutritional risk using the tape, and 62.50% reported the tape was easy to use.

Conclusions
These quantitative and qualitative findings suggest that with more in-depth training and education the MUAC Z-score tape is a viable, low-cost, low-burden alternative for community-level nutritional status assessment among the population served by Children International in Guatemala.
Occurrence and risk characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of edible oils by the Margin of Exposure (MOE) approach
Authors: Lee Joon-Goo , Suh Jung-Hyuck , Yoon Hae-Jung 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are carcinogenic and genotoxic chemicals naturally derived from food during heat processing. Edible oil is one of the most frequently contaminated foods. Many researches were recently conducted to determine the contents of PAHs and to assess their risks, but there have been no studies characterising risks of PAHs by calculating Margin of Exposure (MOE) of total PAHs instead of toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) concept in Korea. To analyze the 4 PAHs including benz(a)anthracene (BaA), chrysene (CHR), benzo(b)fluoranthene (BbF), and benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) simultaneously, gas chromatography with mass spectrometry was optimized. Total 303 edible oils were investigated and contaminated by 4 PAHs at ND–12.91 ng g−1. The MOEs were estimated by PAHs contents, daily consumption, and were over 10,000. The risk of PAHs of edible oils in Korea was of low concern. Furthermore, the MOEs of the estimated equivalent BaP calculated by TEFs of other 3 PAHs were higher than those of mixed PAHs, which would be overestimated.
Elimination of onchocerciasis in Africa by 2025: an ambitious target requires ambitious interventions
Authors: Colebunders Robert , Stolk Wilma A. , Siewe Fodjo Joseph Nelson , Mackenzie Charles D. , Hopkins Adrian 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
To achieve the elimination of onchocerciasis transmission in all African countries will entail enormous challenges, as has been highlighted by the active discussion around onchocerciasis intervention strategies and evaluation procedures in this journal.
Serological thresholds for onchocerciasis elimination, adapted for the African setting, need to be established. The Onchocerciasis Technical Advisory Subgroup of the World Health Organization is currently developing improved guidelines to allow country elimination committees to make evidence-based decisions. Importantly, onchocerciasis-related morbidity should not be forgotten when debating elimination prospects. A morbidity management and disease prevention (MMDP) strategy similar to that for lymphatic filariasis will need to be developed. This will require collaboration between the onchocerciasis elimination program, the community and other partners including primary health and mental health programs.
In order to reach the goal of onchocerciasis elimination in most African countries by 2025, we should prioritize community participation and advocate for tailored interventions which are scientifically proven to be effective, but currently considered to be too expensive.
Sex differences in traumatic brain injury: a multi-dimensional exploration in genes, hormones, cells, individuals, and society
Authors: Ma Cheng , Wu Xin , Shen Xiaotian , Yang Yanbo , Chen Zhouqing , Sun Xiaoou , Wang Zhong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is exceptionally prevalent in society and often imposes a massive burden on patients’ families and poor prognosis. The evidence reviewed here suggests that gender can influence clinical outcomes of TBI in many aspects, ranges from patients’ mortality and short-term outcome to their long-term outcome, as well as the incidence of cognitive impairment. We mainly focused on the causes and mechanisms underlying the differences between male and female after TBI, from both biological and sociological views. As it turns out that multiple factors contribute to the gender differences after TBI, not merely the perspective of gender and sex hormones. Centered on this, we discussed how female steroid hormones exert neuroprotective effects through the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanism, along with the cognitive impairment and the social integration problems it caused. As to the treatment, both instant and long-term treatment of TBI requires adjustments according to gender. A further study with more focus on this topic is therefore suggested to provide better treatment options for these patients.
Mesenchymal Neuroblastoma Cells Are Undetected by Current mRNA Marker Panels: The Development of a Specific Neuroblastoma Mesenchymal Minimal Residual Disease Panel
Authors: van Wezel Esther M. , van Zogchel Lieke M.J. , van Wijk Jalenka , Timmerman Ilse , Vo Ngoc-Kim , Zappeij-Kannegieter Lily , deCarolis Boris , Simon Thorsten , van Noesel Max M. , Molenaar Jan J. , van Groningen Tim , Versteeg Rogier , Caron Huib N. , van der Schoot C. Ellen , Koster Jan , van Nes Johan , Tytgat Godelieve A.M. 
Published: October 2019

PURPOSE Patients with neuroblastoma in molecular remission remain at considerable risk for disease recurrence. Studies have found that neuroblastoma tissue contains adrenergic (ADRN) and mesenchymal (MES) cells; the latter express low levels of commonly used markers for minimal residual disease (MRD). We identified MES-specific MRD markers and studied the dynamics of these markers during treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS Microarray data were used to identify genes differentially expressed between ADRN and MES cell lines. Candidate genes were then studied using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in cell lines and control bone marrow and peripheral blood samples. After selecting a panel of markers, serial bone marrow, peripheral blood, and peripheral blood stem cell samples were obtained from patients with high-risk neuroblastoma and tested for marker expression; survival analyses were also performed. RESULTS PRRX1, POSTN, and FMO3 mRNAs were used as a panel for specifically detecting MES mRNA in patient samples. MES mRNA was detected only rarely in peripheral blood; moreover, the presence of MES mRNA in peripheral blood stem cell samples was associated with low event-free survival and overall survival. Of note, during treatment, serial bone marrow samples obtained from 29 patients revealed a difference in dynamics between MES mRNA markers and ADRN mRNA markers. Furthermore, MES mRNA was detected in a higher percentage of patients with recurrent disease than in those who remained disease free (53% v 32%, respectively; P = .03). CONCLUSION We propose that the markers POSTN and PRRX1, in combination with FMO3, be used for real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction–based detection of MES neuroblastoma mRNA in patient samples because these markers have a unique pattern during treatment and are more prevalent in patients with poor outcome. Together with existing markers of MRD, these new markers should be investigated further in large prospective studies.
Oxygen-Deficient TiO2-δ Synthesized from MIL-125 Metal-Organic Framework for Photocatalytic Dye Degradation
Authors: Jawdat Fanar Hussein , Lin Jianjian , Dou Shi Xue , Park Min-Sik , Nattestad Andrew , Kim Jung Ho 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Two of the biggest limitations for titanium dioxide (TiO2) as a photocatalysis are the lack of visible light response and the need for higher surface areas in order to maximize sites where reactions can take place. In this work, a Metal-Organic Framework (MOF), specifically MIL-125, is employed as a template to produce TiO2 particles with high specific surface area and well-controlled porosity. When annealed under a hydrogen atmosphere to create an oxygen deficient TiO2−δ, which is black in appearance, enhanced photocatalytic properties are observed, importantly including a significant visible light response in the degradation of model pollutant Rhodamine B.
El progreso del pensamiento científico y la metodología Paduana
Authors: López González Rosendo 
Published: October 2019

suele ser recurrente indicar que el desarrollo del pensamiento científico no se detiene. Por lo que, en coherencia, en el presente artículo se describe tal proceso ilustrando la evolución de un nuevo modelo del saber científico tomando como punto de partida la Grecia clásica y los aportes de Aristóteles registrados en su memorable Metafísica apurándose en darle a la evidencia empírica una construcción teórica registrando las bases de una ciencia de lo general. A este nuevo modelo, tomado en el siglo XII por el occidente cristiano donde es dogmatizado, Tomás de Aquino en el siglo XIII logra consumarle una simbiosis entre el pensamiento aristotélico y la fe cristiana. En respuesta a esa asociación, el humanismo renacentista construye otro modelo del saber científico. El documento destaca, en esta última vía, las ideas de Galilei Galileo esbozadas en la denominada metodología paduana, por ser desarrollada en la Universidad de Padua fue maestro de física entre 1592 y 1610.