bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature carbonization effect on the quality of activated carbon based on rubber seed shell
Authors: Aulia  , Aprilianda  , Arsyad F S , Johan A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Successful activated carbon-based rubber seed shell was made using a chemical activation method using H3PO4 activator 7% at 400, 500 and 600°C carbonization temperature variations. Based on the results of testing the activated carbon which was burned at 600°C had a better quality compared to activated carbon which was burned at 400 and 500°C. Activated carbon burned at 600°C has a low moisture content of 2.03%, the high ash content of 2.57%, the low volatile matter of 19.64% and high fixed carbon of 76.15%. From the calculation of the density and porosity of the activated carbon has been made known that the higher the carbonization temperature from 400°C to 600°C there is an increase in porosity from 7.689% to 14.809% and there is a decrease in density from 0.01198 gr/cm3 to 0.01182 gr/cm3. While from FTIR characterization seen the functional group of P-OH, O-H and C-H aliphatic at active activated carbon.
Study the synthesis of LiBOB compounds using lithium sources from sea water
Authors: Lestariningsih T. , Sabrina Q , Nuroniah I. , Prihandoko B. , Marti Wigayati E. , Rina Ratri C. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Indonesia as a country rich in natural resources has a source of lithium that can be used as raw material for making LiBOB salt. Natural sources of lithium are found in seawater or brines, mineral rocks and in geothermal fluids. Seawater contains large amounts of NaCl so that it is possible to have Na impurities in Lithium obtained from seawater. In this research, LiBOB synthesis has been done using a source of lithium-containing Na. LiBOB is made by solid-state reaction method, where the raw material is mixed in solid condition, then heating in the furnace for calcination and sintering process. Sample analysis was carried out by comparing the synthesis of LiBOB using lithium sources containing Na with LiBOB synthesis using lithium sources without containing Na. Based on the results of the XRD analysis, it is showed that the content of 3% Na in the Lithium source does not affect changes in the LiBOB crystal structure. FTIR analysis showed that the content of 3% Na does not affect the formed LiBOB functional group, even though there is a shift in wave numbers. The results of the thermal analysis showed that both samples occurred endothermic reactions and had a decomposition temperature of around 300°C.
Change of Structure and Magnetic Properties of La-Substituted Barium Hexaferrite
Authors: Taryana Yana , Manaf Azwar , Adi Wisnu Ari 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The substitution of Lanthanum into barium hexaferrite (Ba1-xLaxFe12O19) for La3+ (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6) has been synthesized using the solid reaction method through mechanical milling. Refinement results from X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) showed that the formation of hexagonal crystal structures with space group P63/mmc, where the lattice parameters of a = b and c decreased, while the lattice strain obtained increased with increasing La concentration in the sample. The single phase is obtained at the concentration of x = 0, while the concentration of x = 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 are already multi-phase. The morphological observation of particles using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows that with the presence of the La3+ substitution results the particle size distribution varies. Saturation magnetization and magnetocrystalline anisotropy are reduced due to this La substitution. This is thought to be caused by a decrease in magnetic (Fe-O-Fe) interaction and a reduction in the barium hexaferrite phase fraction in the sample. It was concluded that the effect of La substitution on Ba1-xLaxFe12O19 resulted in changes in Crystal structure parameters, particle size distribution, and magnetic properties of the material.
Analysis of seismicity level and return period of bengkulu area earthquake from 1960-2017
Authors: Patrisia Desy , Sailah Siti , Affandi Azhar K 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In this research, seismicity and the return period of earthquake in Bengkulu and surrounding areas has been analyzed using the relationship between the frequency and the magnitude of earthquakes. Study area is at coordinate points of 1,1-6,4° SL and 99,5° - 104,9° EL, whereas the earthquake data used is limited only to 5.0 SR magnitude and 100 km depth from 1960-2017 sourced catalog data from United States Geological Survey (USGS) and using the Zmap Matlab 2007Rb software program. The analysis results that spatial variation b-value is 0,6–2, a-value is 5-15 while magnitude of Completeness is 5,1. And return period of earthquake with magnitude 5 ranges from 0,2-0,5 years, magnitude 5,5 ranges from 1,5-3,5 2-4 years, magnitude 6 ranges from 6-12 years, magnitude 6,5 ranges from15-25 years and magnitude 7 ranges from 10-20 years, magnitude 7,5 ranges from 30-50 years, and magnitude 8 and 8,5 ranges from 100-150 years. Hence the results show that Bengkulu area is an area with high stress level and relatives high magnitude level.
Optical properties doped RuO2 (0, 2, 4, 6%) of thin film LiNbO3
Authors: Zuhri Mahfuddin , Novitri  , Irmansyah  , Setiawan Ardian Arif , Alatas Husin , Irzaman  
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Lithium Niobate (LiNbO3) can be applied as a thin film coating because it has superior piezoelectric, optoelectronic, pyroelectric, and photorefractive properties. The growth of LiNbO3 thin film using Chemical Solution Deposition (CSD) method with spin coating technique speed of 8000 rpm for 30 seconds on a p-type silicon substrate (100) with variations in concentration of RuO2 container (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%) and annealing temperature (750 °C, 800 °C, 850 °C). The annealing temperature is kept on hold for 8 hours with an increase of 1.67 °C/minute. The result of LiNbO3 bandgap energy film is 2.55 eV to 3.18 eV with a refractive index ranging from 1.15 to 1.65.
Analysis and enhancement of the ethanol resistance of Pichia kudriavzevii N77-4, a strain newly isolated from the Korean traditional fermentation starter Nuruk, for improved fermentation performance
Authors: Sugiyama M , Fukaya T , Moon J Y , Ishida K , Matsushita A , Kim S Y , Yeo S H 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Nuruk is a traditional fermentation starter used for making starch-based Korean alcoholic drinks. The yeast strain Pichia kudriavzevii N77-4 was newly isolated from nuruk. Resistance to ethanol stress is a crucial characteristic in alcoholic beverage production, but the ethanol stress-resistance of P. kudriavzevii remains to be clarified. In this study, we attempted to analyze the ethanol resistance of P. kudriavzevii N77-4, and to improve it by ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis. After 4 h of cultivation in 5% ethanol, N77-4 showed a growth defect accompanied with accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, exposure of N77-4 to ethanol stress induced a more than 3-fold increase in the expression of PkSOD2, which encodes a superoxide dismutase, indicating that the strain was able to generate PkSOD2 to decrease ROS. EMS mutagenesis was performed to improve the ethanol resistance of N77-4. An isolated mutant, HER8, exhibited higher ethanol resistance, a 50% decrease in ROS accumulation, and enhanced expressions of PkGPX2, which encodes a glutathione peroxidase, and PkSOD1. Moreover, HER8 showed 10% greater ethanol production, indicating that up-regulation of these antioxidant genes is important for improving ethanol resistance in P. kudriavzevii, and use of the HER8 strain will improve the brewing fermentation.
Supramolecular design of Benzene-1,3,5-Tricarboxamide with Hydrophobic Alkyl side chains toward long-range liquid crystalline properties
Authors: Lintang H O , Matmin J , Yuliati L 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Herein we report the first approach of benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamides (BTAs) with long-range liquid crystalline properties by utilizing hydrophobic alkyl side chains at the amide functional group. These compounds were successfully prepared in high yields by reacting 1,3,5-benzenetricarbonyl trichloride with series of aliphatic linear alkyl amines as the side chains. By increasing the length of hydrocarbon chains at the amino, thermograms of BTAs showed the formation of mesophase rangesbetween 21.8- 196.3, 41.9 - 212.4, 57.9 - 203.7, 76.1 - 207.7 and 80.5 - 200.1 degrees for decylamine, dodecylamine, tetradecylamine, hexadecylamineand octadecylamine, respectively. Such liquid crystalline properties indicate the formation of self-assembly through supramolecular interactions with a lamellar structure. In particular, benzene tricarboxamide with short alkyl chains will reduce the Van der Waals interactions to give room temperature range of mesophase structure.
Hemocompatibility study of surface-attached antibiofouling polymer monolayers
Authors: Pidhatika Bidhari 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The interface between biomaterials and body fluid such as blood is a critical concern, because biomaterial-centered protein fouling and infection adversely affects the quality of life of many patients and cause major health care costs. Our research focused on polymer functionalization on surfaces to create antibiofouling interfaces (i.e. interfaces that repel the adhesion of proteins and microorganisms) in biomaterial-related applications, such as surgical instruments and blood-contacting biomedical devices. To this end, we have studied two hydrophilic polymers, namely poly(2-oxazoline) and poly(ethylene glycol), attached on metal oxide surfaces in brush configuration through a polyelectrolyte surface anchor, poly(L-lysine). Apart from antibiofouling properties, blood-contacting surfaces must also serve hemocompatibility. Here the hemocompatibility of antibiofouling monolayer on silicon oxide surfaces prepared from either poly(2-oxazoline) or poly(ethylene glycol) grafted on a main backbone poly(L-lysine), has been studied. The activation of C5a (complement system), TAT and kallikrein (coagulation cascade), PF4 and sP-selectin, (platelet activation) after incubation of the polymer-modified surfaces in whole blood was measured by means of ELISA kit. The results showed that in general, the contact between blood and polymer monolayer activated the complement system, but relatively did not activate the coagulation cascade and the platelet surface marker.
Physical properties analysis of the liquid produced by polystyrene pyrolysis
Authors: Selpiana  , Santoso Budi , Pramayuda Dede , Ismoro Damar Setyo 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The higher consumption of plastic causes environmental problems. This study was aimed at recycling plastic wastes by using a pyrolysis process with the variables were the ratio of polystyrene mixture and heating rate. The types of polystyrene were used namely, oriented polystyrene (OPS), expanded polystyrene (EPS) and high impact polystyrene (HIPS). Ratios of raw material mixture (OPS: EPS: HIPS) of 1: 0: 0, 0: 1: 0, 0: 0: 1, 2: 1: 1, 1: 2: 1, 1: 1: 2, 1: 1 : 1. Heating rate variations were 2 °C/min, 4 °C/min, 6 °C/min, 8 °C/min and 10 °C/min. The analysis was conducted to the physical properties of liquid produced by pyrolysis, namely heating value, kinematic viscosity, density, and flash point. The heating value tended to increase with the increase of heating rate, the highest heating value was obtained at a ratio of a mixture of 2: 1: 1. The lowest kinematic viscosity value was at the ratio of a mixture of 1: 2: 1 and 1: 1: 1. Density fluctuated but tended to increase with the increase of heating rate. Flashpoint of the entire sample was below 32.6 °C. The ratio of a raw material mixture and heating rate affected the content of the compound of the liquid fuel produced. These compounds had different physical properties. The difference of physical property of each compound of the liquid fuel would affect the physical properties of the liquid produced by pyrolysis.
No antimalarial resistance of Plasmodium falciparum varian West Indonesia using molecular markers screening
Authors: Ghiffari Ahmad , Rahman Rahman , Anwar Chairil 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Artemisin-based combination therapy (ACT) were widely used in Indonesia for the treatment of Malaria Plasmodium falciparum. Previous study in East Indonesia, located in Irian showed no prevalence of resistance, suggesting the treatment still effective in the area. This study aimed to provide baseline data of antimalarial drug resistance markers on P. falciparum isolates in Lampung West Indonesia. Mutation on genes associated with ACT (PfRBP9) were assessed by PCR amplification. Mutation on the marker related with artemisin resistance were determined by DNA sequencing technique. Isolates of 14 samples revealed no mutation in the D56V codon which is usually confined. This study has demonstrated a low prevalence resistance allele in the study area. Continuous surveillance of antimalarial drug efficacy is recommended and the findings provide information for stakeholders ensuring proper policy controlling malaria.
Effect of impregnation methods and bioresin concentration on physical and mechanical properties of soft-inner part of oil palm trunk
Authors: Hartono R , Erwinsyah  , Hidayat W , Damayanti R 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Bioresin from derived of pine (Pinus merkusii) was used to increase the strength of the soft-inner part of oil palm trunk (S-OPT). This purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of impregnation methods (soaking 1 day, 3 days, and vacuum 600 mmHg for 1 hour) and bioresin concentration (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) on the physical and mechanical properties of S-OPT. Bioresin was dissolved with ethanol. The result showed that weight gain from bioresin into S-OPT was 0.85 % - 39.4%. The bioresin impregnation with several concentration significantly improved the physical and mechanical properties of S-OPT up to (1) 5.7-57.14% in density; (2) 29.94%-145.18% in compressive strength; (3) 114.78%-345.66% in modulus of elasticity (MOE); and (4) 43.01%-111.79% in the in modulus of rupture (MOR). The best performance of S-OPT when bioresin impregnated 20% bioresin using vacuum method as shown higher the physical and mechanical properties.
Synthesis of chitosan/alumina composite by sol gel method for adsorption of procion blue MX-R dye from wastewater songket industry
Authors: Fatma  , Yuliasari Nova , Riyanti Fahma , Hariani Poedji Loekitowati , Nurbaiti Barisah 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Research about the synthesis of chitosan/alumina composite using the sol-gel method and its application to removal procion blue MX-R dye had been conducted. The synthesized chitosan/alumina composite was characterized using FTIR to determine functional group, SEM-EDS to find out the surface morphology and elements composition of chitosan/alumina composite. The pHPZC is used to determine the appropriate pH condition on the adsorption process of chitosan and chitosan/alumina composite on procion blue dye solution. The FTIR spectra of chitosan represent the functional groups O-H, N-H, C-H and C-O while the chitosan/alumina composite is the addition of functional group of Al-O. The morphology of chitosan/alumina composite analysis by SEM showed that is heterogenous and porous. The EDX analysis showed that the present Al element of 5.49 % in the composite which indicates that synthesis of composite has been successful. Chitosan and composite have different pH pzc where chitosan at pH 6.02 and composite at pH 7.26. The optimum condition adsorption of procion blue MX-R using chitosan obtained at an initial concentration of 180 mg/L and contact time of 60 minutes, while the chitosan/alumina composite obtained at an initial concentration of 160 mg/L and 50 minutes contact time. The isotherm model that is suitable for describing the adsorption process is Freundlich isotherm for both adsorbents. The composite has the effectiveness of adsorption on procion blue MX-R from wastewater songket industry greater than chitosan ie 85.696 and 60.829 %, respectively.
The conversion of expanded polystyrene waste to liquid fuel using Cu-Al2O3 by the thermal catalytic cracking process
Authors: Selpiana  , Santoso Budi , Suprapto Debi Putri , Patratama Ridho , Pramayuda Dede 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The high use of plastic and the length of time the decomposition will worsen environmental conditions. The processing of plastic waste by incineration was not a safe method for the environment because it will produce gas emissions that potentially become pollutants. The catalytic cracking process is one of the ways to process polystyrene plastic waste into liquid fuel. The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of cracking temperature and mass of catalyst towards the volume and fuel quality of the production. The research conducted through the thermal catalytic cracking process. The mass of catalyst Cu-Al2O3 is 0.5 g, 1 g, 1.5 g. The cracking temperature is 150 °C, 200 °C, 250 °C. Cracking time is 90 minutes. The highest volume of the liquid fuel was 113 mL at a 250°C cracking temperature and the addition of 1g catalyst. The results of the best density analysis obtained at 0.74 g/mL, and the octane number of RON is 100, MON is 90, and AKI is 94.4.
Nanoparticulate formulatiom of christmas palm seed (Adonidia merrillii) ethanolic extract containing lactic acid for antidiarrheal therapy
Authors: Mardiyanto  , Sandi Sofia , Herlina  , Kurniawan Ivan 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Preparation of Christmas Palm seeds ethanolic extract and lactic acid loaded nanoparticles aims to obtain an antidiarrheal (caused by Escherichia coli) therapy by using nano herbal. Preparation of the nanoparticles was done by ionic gelation method. There were three formulas (F) which had been evaluated in this study based on the difference amount of Ca(OH)2, 12.5 mg for F1, 17.5 mg for F2, and 22.5 mg for F3. All formulas revealed an entrapment efficiency percentage of 75.489 over or less 0.563 (F1); 76.885 over or less 0.046 (F2); and 74.844 over or less 0.724% (F3). The second formula (F2) produced the highest %EE therefore it was distinguished as the optimum formula. The results of nanoparticles characterization of an optimum formula such as average diameter, poly dispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential using particle size analyzer were 1230.1 nm; 0.482; dan 27.5 mV respectively. An in-vivo antidiarrheal evaluation on rats using an optimum formula containing 1 gram of extract showed that nanoparticles possed an equal antidiarrheal effect to intraperitoneal gentamicin sulfate 8 mg/kg body weight with diarrhea inhibitory of 71.539%.
Effectiveness of Ethanolic Extract Ketepeng cina Leaves (Senna alata L.) As Antidiabetic Activity Test In Male Wistar Rats Induced by Alloxan
Authors: Herlina  , Amriani Annisa , Solihah Indah , Damayanti Putri , Rais Sri Wahyuningsih 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Antidiabetic activity test of ethanolic extract of ketepeng cina leaves (Senna alata L.) to rats induced by alloxan has been done. Male wistar albino rats weree used as animal models which divided into 6 groups, normal group (aquadest), negative control group (Sodium CMC 0,5%), positive control group (insulin by 1IU/kgBW), and 3 test group (ethanolic extract of ketepeng cina leaves 200, 400, dan 800 mg/kgBB). Rats blood glucose level after induced intraperitoneally by alloxan 130 mg/kgBB can be stated as diabetic when >200 mg/dL. Antidiabetic-activity was tested by measuring on blood sugar levels by using the DTN-410-K fotometer, on day 0, 5, 10, and 15. The result of AUC0-15 and percentage of decreasing blood sugar levels for positive control group are 2557,35 and 51,20%, and 3 treatment groups (200 mg/kgBW, 400 mg/kgBW, and 400 mg/kgBW) 2745,6 and 39,94%; 2618,55 and 47,54%; 2448,425 and 57,72%. This point indicated that the ethanolic extract of ketepeng cina leaves has an antidiabetic activity and there is no significant difference compared with insulin (p<0,05). 800 mg/kgBW dose is the effectivity dose from other treatment doses, because it had the lowest AUC0-15 and the highest perscentage of decreasing blood sugar levels. According to the relation between percentage of blood glucose decrease level with dose, value of ED50 of ethanolic extract of ketepeng cina leaves is 522.413 mg/kgBW.
Landcover change analysis of besitang watershed, Langkat-North Sumatera
Authors: Zaitunah Anita , Samsuri  , Putri Amaliyah 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Watershed is an ecosystem area bordered by topographic pattern and serves as serves as a collector, storage and distributor of water, sediments, pollutants and nutrients in the river system and throughout by a single outlet. The high of population growth led to greater land use change. This research aimed to identify land cover classes and land cover change in Besitang watershed between 1990, 2005 and 2015. This research used Landsat 5 imagery in 1990 and 2005, and Landsat 8 imagery in 2015 with supervised classification using method maximum likelihood classifier. The result showed that there were 12 classes of land cover in the Besitang watershed, they were primary forest, secondary forest, mangrove forest, scrub, rubber plantations, oil palm plantations, dry land agriculture, bare land, settlement, fishpond and water body. The largest area of land cover area is primary forest covering an area of 38,542.43 hectares (39.94%) in 1990, 34,279.16 hectares (35.52%) in 2005, and 34,620.41 hectares (35.88%) in 2015. The largest area of land cover change between 1990 until 2005 is mangrove forest to fishpond with covering an area of 2,364.21 hectares change. While the largest area of land cover change between 2005 until 2015 is mangrove forest to oil palm plantation with covering an area of 1,016.82 hectares changes.
Inventory of wildlife in the protected forest area Bukit Jambul Gunung Patah as basic data to support sustainable management
Authors: Setiawan D , Patriono E , Marisa H , Setiawan A , Yustian I , Pragustiandi  , Iqbal M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Bukit Jambul Gunung Patah protected forests is located at the Sumatran submontane and montane rainforest ecosystem region, South Sumatra. Various activities that exist around the area of protected forests can caused disruption of the existence and diversity of animals that inhabit the area. Therefore, a wildlife inventory survey is needed, particularly focus on mammals and birds taxa, because two taxa have clear data information in the region. This research has been carried out from April to July 2018 with the exploration methods, The results of the study found 34 species of birds, and 11 species of mammals,. Based on the Government Protection Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No.P.20/MENLHK/Setjeb/Kum.1/6/2018 was found 12 species protected, 6 threatened species based on IUCN redlist, and 5 species into Appendinces I based on CITES. From the results and compared with the study database of endangered species at Rantau Dedap by the Indonesian Greencap Team in 2014-2015, 12 species mammals were found 9 of which were threatened species, By comparison of baseline data and with species found that are in the category of threatened status. There was decreased in the threatened and protected species found this indicates that the habitat has begun to be disturbed. So that, a long-term study is needed to providing comprehensive biodiversity information to support the management of the protected forest Bukit Jambul Gunung Patah to remain sustainable.