bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Macronutrient composition of longitudinal milk samples from captive aardvarks (Orycteropus afer)
Authors: Wenker Elizabeth S. , Himschoot Elizabeth A. , Henry Barbara , Toddes Barbara , Power Michael L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHand‐rearing and assisted‐rearing aardvarks in captivity has become commonplace and has led to success in breeding the species. However, the macronutrient content of aardvark milk past 1 month of age is unknown. A better understanding of aardvark milk composition would enhance captive management efforts. Here, we assayed milk samples from two captive individuals from 2 to 114 days postpartum (N = 21) for dry matter, fat, crude protein, total sugar, ash (total minerals), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and gross energy. The body weight of one calf was measured from birth to weaning. Milk macronutrient composition was compared to that of other Afrotherian species and Xenarthra species with similar diets. Average protein, fat, and sugar concentrations of aardvark milk across lactation were 12.3%, 13.6%, and 2.5%, respectively. Ash averaged 1.9%, with Ca (0.50%) and P (0.35%) accounting for about 45% of total minerals. All measured nutrients increased over lactation except sugar, which decreased. Aardvark milk is high in energy (2.12 kcal/g) mostly derived from fat and protein and little energy from sugar. Calf growth was linear (r2 = 0.995) with a mean gain of 159 g/day, achieving almost 30% of adult weight at weaning. Within Afrotheria, aardvark milk is higher in fat and protein and lower in sugar than elephant milk and more closely resembles the milk of its fellow insectivore, the elephant shrew. Aardvark milk is also similar in composition to milk of insectivorous Xenarthra species (nine‐banded armadillo and giant anteater). Aardvark milk composition is consistent with the species’ high‐protein diet, fast growth, and nursing pattern.
Validation of the Aldosteronoma Resolution Score Within Current Clinical Practice
Authors: Vorselaars Wessel M. C. M. , van Beek Dirk‐Jan , Postma Emily L. , Spiering Wilko , Borel Rinkes Inne H. M. , Valk Gerlof D. , Vriens Menno R. ,   International CONNsortium Study Group, Zarnegar Rasa , Fahey Thomas J. , Drake Frederick T. , Duh Quan Y. , Talutis Stephanie D. , McAneny David B. , McManus Catherine , Lee James A. , Grant Scott B. , Grogan Raymon H. , Romero Arenas Minerva A. , Perrier Nancy D. , Peipert Benjamin J. , Mongelli Michael N. , Castelino Tanya , Mitmaker Elliot J. , Parente David N. , Pasternak Jesse D. , Sidhu Stan B. , Sywak Mark , D'Amato Gerardo , Raffaelli Marco , Schuermans Valerie , Bouvy Nicole D. , Eker Hasan H. , Bonjer H. Jaap , Engelsman Els J. M. Anton F. , van Dijkum Nieveen , Metman Madelon J. H. , Kruijff Schelto 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionComplete resolution of hypertension after adrenalectomy for primary aldosteronism is far from a certainty. This stresses the importance of adequate preoperative patient counseling. The aldosteronoma resolution score (ARS) is a simple and easy to use prediction model only including four variables: ≤ 2 antihypertensive medications, body mass index ≤ 25 kg/m2, duration of hypertension ≤ 6 years and female sex. However, because the model was developed and validated within the USA over a decade ago, the applicability in modern practice and outside of the USA is questionable. Therefore, we aimed to validate the ARS in current clinical practice within an international cohort.Materials and methodPatients who underwent unilateral adrenalectomy, between 2010 and 2016, in 16 medical centers from the USA, Europe (EU), Canada (CA) and Australia (AU) were included. Resolution of hypertension was defined as normotension without antihypertensive medications.ResultsIn total, 514 patients underwent adrenalectomy and 435 (85%) patients were eligible. Resolution of hypertension was achieved in 27% patients within the total cohort and in 22%, 30%, 40% and 38% of patients within USA, EU, CA and AU, respectively (p = 0.015). The area under the curve (AUC) for the complete cohort was 0.751. Geographic validation displayed a AUC within the USA, EU, CA and AU of 0.782, 0.681, 0.811 and 0.667, respectively.DiscussionThe ARS is an easy to use prediction model with a moderate to good predictive performance within current clinical practice. The model showed the highest predictive performance within North America but potentially has less predictive performance in EU and AU.
When and Where Birth Spacing Matters for Child Survival: An International Comparison Using the DHS
Authors: Molitoris Joseph , Barclay Kieron , Kolk Martin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A large body of research has found an association between short birth intervals and the risk of infant mortality in developing countries, but recent work on other perinatal outcomes from highly developed countries has called these claims into question, arguing that previous studies have failed to adequately control for unobserved heterogeneity. Our study addresses this issue by estimating within-family models on a sample of 4.5 million births from 77 countries at various levels of development. We show that after unobserved maternal heterogeneity is controlled for, intervals shorter than 36 months substantially increase the probability of infant death. However, the importance of birth intervals as a determinant of infant mortality varies inversely with maternal education and the strength of the relationship varies regionally. Finally, we demonstrate that the mortality-reducing effects of longer birth intervals are strong at low levels of development but decline steadily toward zero at higher levels of development. These findings offer a clear way to reconcile previous research showing that birth intervals are important for perinatal outcomes in low-income countries but are much less consequential in high-income settings.
Additional deliberation reduces pessimism: evidence from the double-response method
Authors: Gawryluk Katarzyna , Krawczyk Michal 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe conduct a laboratory experiment to investigate the impact of deliberation time on behavior under risk and uncertainty. Towards this end we ask our participant to make quick, intuitive evaluations of a number of lotteries and report resulting certainty equivalents. Yet, we invite them to modify these initial decisions, whenever they find, after (additional) deliberation, that they do not precisely represent their preference. Both certainty equivalents are incentivized (a double-response method). The choice of evaluated lotteries allows us to semi-parametrically estimate the value function and the probability weighting function within the paradigm of the cumulative prospect theory. The main finding is that deliberation raises the probability weighting function (reduces pessimism), especially in the case of lotteries involving unknown probabilities.
Spontaneous neonatal renal vein thrombosis, a known pathology without clear management guidelines
Authors: Kayemba-Kay's S. 
Published: July 2019

Renal vein thrombosis (RVT) was first described in 1837 by Rayer. Although tremendous progress has been achieved in the comprehension of its pathophysiology, its management remains controversial over 20 decades later. Therapeutic modalities vary from supportive measures alone to the utilization of thrombolytic agents whose protocols are derived from adult medicine. This review aims to show how difficult the treatment of RVT still is, especially with regard to the prognosis. The majority of affected neonates end with various renal complications (renal atrophy, dysfunction, hypertension, etc.).
Like others, we suggest that simple unilateral RVT be managed conservatively, while thrombolytic agents may be attempted in unilateral RVT with extension to VCI and in bilateral RVT. Further studies are needed to reach appropriate consensual guidelines.
Evaluation of poisoning cases admitted to pediatric emergency department
Authors: Gamze Gokalp 
Published: July 2019

Background
Every year, more than one million children lose their lives due to preventable accidents. Poisoning is the most common among these accidents.

Objective
In this study, we investigated the demographic and clinical characteristics of poisoning cases referred to the pediatric emergency department.

Methods
The cases (0–18 years old) related to complaints of intoxication in the pediatric emergency department between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2017, were examined retrospectively.

Results
The study included 453 patients, with 202 (46.4%) female and 233 (53.6%) male patients. The mean age of the patients was 51.12 months. The most frequent poisoning agents were 211 (46.6%) household cleaning products and 172 (38%) drugs. When the mechanism of poisoning was examined, it was determined that 377 (83.2%) cases were accidental and 47 (10.4%) cases were suicide attempts. It was observed that 286 (45.8%) items were not in original packaging and 95% of those in original packaging were not locked.

Conclusion
To avoid childhood poisoning that may have widespread and serious consequences, the poisonous products should be sold with locked covers and kept in places where children cannot reach them.
From market multilateralism to governance by goal setting: SDGs and the changing role of partnerships in a new global order
Authors: Bull Benedicte , McNeill Desmond 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBusiness has been involved in cooperation with multilateral organizations through public-private partnerships (PPPs) since the late 1990s. With their adoption of the sustainable development goals (SDGs), multilateral institutions increasingly consider partnerships as a means to achieve their goals given their own limited implementation capacity. However, the global economic order has changed significantly since the first expansion of PPPs, particularly due to growing participation by non-western states and companies. This article asks how this shift has changed the eagerness to form partnerships, as well as their qualitative content. It analyzes the 3964 partnerships in the SDG partnership registry, focusing on the subset of them that includes business partners. We divide these into five groups: local implementation, resource mobilization, advocacy, policy, and operational partnerships. We study PPPs involving companies from different varieties of capitalism—private, market based forms, and state-led forms of capitalism. We find that PPPs are still dominated by companies and other actors from Western countries. Moreover, business participate more in U.S.- and Canadian-led partnerships than others. We also find strong differences regarding what category of PPPs that companies from different backgrounds engage in, and discuss the linkages between varieties of capitalism and PPP participation.
Career orientation and perceived professional competence among clinical research coordinators
Authors: Rojewski Jay W. , Choi Ikseon , Hill Janette R. , Ko Yeonjoo , Walters Katherine L. , Kwon Sejung , McCauley Linda 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroduction:This study identified underlying career orientation types of clinical research coordinators (CRCs) using cluster analysis. Select career (satisfaction, engagement, and planning) and competency-related (perceived competence) information was used to identify four distinct career orientation types.Method:A web-based survey was administered to CRCs employed in one of four research institutions affiliated with a National Institutes of Health-funded Clinical and Translational Research Award (CTSA) in the southeastern USA. Each respondent completed a survey containing questions about personal background, individual attributes, perceived professional competence, and career orientation.Results:The first CRC type (35.2%) possessed apositive, knowledge-seekingorientation, characterized by high career-related scores but a conservative assessment of perceived competence. The second CRC type (18.6%) represented anoptimistic and confidentcareer orientation reflected in moderate to high scores on each of the four identifying factors. The third CRC type (27.6%) reflected aninconsistentcareer orientation highlighted by lowered perceived competence. The final CRC type (18.6%) reflected adisengagedorientation characterized by negative responses to all career and competence factors.Conclusion:Understanding the career orientation of CRCs can be helpful to institutional administrators and clinical investigators as they seek to support the professional development of CRCs through tailored training efforts or work-related supports. Knowledge of career orientation may also inform individual CRCs as they manage their personal career paths by assessing current levels of functioning, career-related strengths or weaknesses, and training needs.
ARCTURUS laser: a versatile high-contrast, high-power multi-beam laser system
Authors: Cerchez M. , Prasad R. , Aurand B. , Giesecke A. L. , Spickermann S. , Brauckmann S. , Aktan E. , Swantusch M. , Toncian M. , Toncian T. , Willi O. 
Published: July 2019

With the latest configuration, the Ti:Sa laser system ARCTURUS (Düsseldorf University, Germany) operates with a double-chirped pulse amplification (CPA) architecture delivering pulses with an energy of 7 J before compression in each of the two high-power beams. By the implementation of a plasma mirror system, the intrinsic laser contrast is enhanced up to

$10^{-12}$

on a time scale of hundreds of picoseconds, before the main peak. The laser system has been used in various configurations for advanced experiments and different studies have been carried out employing the high-power laser beams as a single, high-intensity interaction beam (

$I\approx 10^{20}~\text{W}/\text{cm}^{2}$

), in dual- and multi-beam configurations or in a pump–probe arrangement.
Mean velocity, spreading and entrainment characteristics of weak bubble plumes in unstratified and stationary water
Authors: Wang Binbin , Lai Chris C. K. , Socolofsky Scott A. 
Published: July 2019

In this paper we present an experimental and theoretical study of weak bubble plumes in unstratified and stationary water. We define a weak bubble plume as one that spreads slower than the linear rate of a classic plume. This work focuses on the characteristics of the mean flow in the plume, including centreline velocity, plume spreading and entrainment of ambient water. A new theory based on diffusive spreading instead of an entrainment hypothesis is used to describe the lateral spreading of the bubbles and the associated plume. The new theory is supported by the experimental data. With the measured data of liquid volume fluxes and the new theory, we conclude that the weak bubble plume is a decreasing entrainment process, with the entrainment coefficient $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$ in the weak bubble plume decreasing with height $z$, following $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}\sim z^{-1/2}$, and taking on values much smaller than those in a classic bubble plume. An additional non-dimensional diffusion coefficient, $\hat{E_{t}}\sim E_{t}U_{s}^{2}/B_{0}$, is also needed to describe the evolution of the volume and kinematic momentum fluxes for the mean flow in the weak bubble plume. Here, $E_{t}$ is the effective turbulent diffusion coefficient, $U_{s}$ is the terminal rise velocity of the bubbles, and $B_{0}$ is the kinematic buoyancy flux of the source. Finally, we provide a unified framework for the mean flow characteristics, including volume flux, momentum flux and plume spreading for the classic and weak bubble plumes, which also provides insight on the transition from classic to weak bubble plume behaviour.
The sensitivity of Northern Hemisphere ice sheets to atmospheric forcing during the last glacial cycle using PMIP3 models
Authors: NIU LU , LOHMANN GERRIT , HINCK SEBASTIAN , GOWAN EVAN J. , KREBS-KANZOW UTA 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTThe evolution of Northern Hemisphere ice sheets through the last glacial cycle is simulated with the glacial index method by using the climate forcing from one General Circulation Model, COSMOS. By comparing the simulated results to geological reconstructions, we first show that the modelled climate is capable of capturing the main features of the ice-sheet evolution. However, large deviations exist, likely due to the absence of nonlinear interactions between ice sheet and other climate components. The model uncertainties of the climate forcing are examined using the output from nine climate models from the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project Phase III. The results show a large variability in simulated ice sheets between the different models. We find that the ice-sheet extent pattern resembles summer surface air temperature pattern at the Last Glacial Maximum, confirming the dominant role of surface ablation process for high-latitude Northern Hemisphere ice sheets. This study shows the importance of the upper boundary condition for ice-sheet modelling, and implies that careful constraints on climate output is essential for simulating realistic glacial Northern Hemisphere ice sheets.
Personality Traits and Marital Satisfaction in Predicting Couples’ Attitudes Toward Infidelity
Authors: Isma Mentari Namira Pertiwi , Turnip Sherly Saragih 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the role of marital satisfaction and personality traits (openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism) in predicting attitudes toward infidelity. The participants of the study were 438 married men and women ranging in age from 22 to 40 years old (M = 31.02, SD = 4.3). The results from the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), Evaluation and Nurturing Relationship Issues, Communication and Happiness (ENRICH) Marital Satisfaction Scale and Attitudes toward Infidelity Scale used in this study indicate that conscientiousness and neuroticism, followed by marital satisfaction and gender, are significant predictors of attitudes toward infidelity. From these results, it can be concluded that attitudes toward infidelity can be predicted by demographic, interpersonal, and intrapersonal factors.
Decoding the Process of Social Value Creation by Chinese and Indian Social Entrepreneurs: Contributory Factors and Contextual Embeddedness
Authors: Sardana Deepak , Bamiatzi Vassiliki , Zhu Ying 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTNowadays social entrepreneurship is recognized as a two-way process, addressing both social and economic concerns that can bring social inclusion, equity, and development to disadvantaged groups in society. This aspect is particularly important and desirable within emerging economies. In these markets, which are constantly faced with profound economic and social challenges, we see the growing importance of social entrepreneurs as they take upon themselves the provision of welfare services and progressive activities. However, our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the creation of social and economic values in social enterprises, and the factors contributing to the establishment of these value creation objectives, is still rather fragmented. Our article contributes to this gap in the literature by decoding the process via which for-profit social entrepreneurs from China and India create social and economic value. In addition, by combining a deductive and an inductive approach of analysis, we offer novel insights into the context-dependent processual patterns deciphered within the two countries. A new entrepreneurial process framework that reflects the contextualized social value creation process by social entrepreneurs is thus provided.
LOCALIZATIONS OF THE HEARTS OF COTORSION PAIRS
Authors: LIU YU 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this article, we study localizations of hearts of cotorsion pairs ($\mathcal{U}, \mathcal{V}$) where $\mathcal{U}$ is rigid on an extriangulated category
$\mathcal{B}$
. The hearts of such cotorsion pairs are equivalent to the functor categories over the stable category of
$\mathcal{U}$
(
$\bmod \underline{\mathcal{U}}$
). Inspired by Marsh and Palu (Nagoya Math. J.225(2017), 64–99), we consider the mutation (in the sense of Iyama and Yoshino, Invent. Math.172(1) (2008), 117–168) of
$\mathcal{U}$
that induces a cotorsion pair (
$\mathcal{U}^{\prime}, \mathcal{V}^{\prime}$
). Generally speaking, the hearts of (
$\mathcal{U}, \mathcal{V}$
) and (
$\mathcal{U}^{\prime}, \mathcal{V}^{\prime}$
) are not equivalent to each other, but we will give a generalized pseudo-Morita equivalence between certain localizations of their hearts.
Formal and informal care: trajectories of home care use among Danish older adults
Authors: Kjær Agnete Aslaug , Siren Anu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTo adjust future care policies for an ageing population, policy makers need to understand when and why older adults rely on different sources of care (e.g. informal support versus formal services). However, previous scholars have proposed competing conceptualisations of the link between formal and informal care, and empirical examinations have often lacked a dynamic approach. In this study, we applied an analytical method (sequence analysis), allowing for an exploratory and dynamic description of care utilisation. Based on 15 years of data from 473 community-dwelling older individuals in Denmark, we identified four distinct clusters of care trajectories. The probability of belonging to each cluster varied with predisposing factors (such as age and gender), needs factors (such as dependence in activities of daily living and medical conditions) and enabling factors (such as co-habitation and contact with adult children). A key finding was that trajectories characterised by sporadic use of informal care were associated with low needs and strong social relations, whereas trajectories characterised by reliance on formal care were associated with high needs and limited contact with children. Taken together, our findings provide new evidence on the associations between care use and multiple determining factors. The dynamic approach to studying care use reveals that sources of individual care utilisation change over time as the individual and societal determinants change.
Evaluation of Field of View Width in Stereo-vision-Based Visual Homing
Authors: Lyons D. M. , Barriage B. , Signore L. Del 
Published: July 2019

SummaryVisual homing is a local navigation technique used to direct a robot to a previously seen location by comparing the image of the original location with the current visual image. Prior work has shown that exploiting depth cues such as image scale or stereo-depth in homing leads to improved homing performance. While it is not unusual to use a panoramic field of view (FOV) camera in visual homing, it is unusual to have a panoramic FOV stereo-camera. So, while the availability of stereo-depth information may improve performance, the concomitant-restricted FOV may be a detriment to performance, unless specialized stereo hardware is used. In this paper, we present an investigation of the effect on homing performance of varying the FOV widths in a stereo-vision-based visual homing algorithm using a common stereo-camera. We have collected six stereo-vision homing databases – three indoor and three outdoor. Based on over 350,000 homing trials, we show that while a larger FOV yields performance improvements for larger homing offset angles, the relative improvement falls off with increasing FOVs, and in fact decreases for the widest FOV tested. We conduct additional experiments to identify the cause of this fall-off in performance, which we term the ‘blinder’ effect, and which we predict should affect other correspondence-based visual homing algorithms.