bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creating Multimodal Compositions: Young Belizeans Dialogue Across Cultures
Authors: Cappello Marva 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe International Literacy Association is a global advocacy organization, and literacy is viewed as a human right worldwide. This department highlights research and research‐to‐practice at the international level to bring global best teaching practices to the forefront. Topics may include best practices for literacy instruction in Europe or other continents/countries, partnership and collaborative projects between international schools/teachers, and advocacy.
The optimal time‐decay estimate of solutions to two‐fluid Euler‐Maxwell equations in the critical Besov space
Authors: Wu Limiao , Shi Weixuan , Xu Jiang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe obtain the optimal time‐decay rate of classical solutions to two‐fluid Euler‐Maxwell equations in , which is a remaining question in the framework of critical Besov space (see [1]). The system is of regularity‐loss, so it is difficult to get decay rates in the solution space. In this paper, the new estimate of ‐‐ type and something like “square formula of Duhamel principle” are mainly used. It is shown that in the critical Besov space, the solution decays to constant equilibrium at the rate with if and if .
Identifying miRNA‐disease association based on integrating miRNA topological similarity and functional similarity
Authors: Chen Qingfeng , Zhe Zhao , Lan Wei , Zhang Ruchang , Wang Zhiqiang , Luo Cheng , Pheobe Chen Yi‐Ping 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a significant type of non‐coding RNAs, which usually were encoded by endogenous genes with about ~22 nt nucleotides. Accumulating biological experiments have shown that miRNAs have close associations with various human diseases. Although traditional experimental methods achieve great successes in miRNA‐disease interaction identification, these methods also have some limitations. Therefore, it is necessary to develop computational method to predict miRNA‐disease interactions.MethodsHere, we propose a computational framework (MDVSI) to predict interactions between miRNAs and diseases by integrating miRNA topological similarity and functional similarity. Firstly, the CosRA index is utilized to measure miRNA similarity based on network topological feature. Then, in order to enhance the reliability of miRNA similarity, the functional similarity and CosRA similarity are integrated based on linear weight method. Further, the potential miRNA‐disease associations are predicted by using recommendation method. In addition, in order to overcome limitation of recommendation method, for new disease, a new strategy is proposed to predict potential interactions between miRNAs and new disease based on disease functional similarity.ResultsTo evaluate the performance of different methods, we conduct ten‐fold cross validation and de novo test in experiment and compare MDVSI with two the‐state‐of‐art methods. The experimental result shows that MDVSI achieves an AUC of 0.91, which is at least 0.012 higher than other compared methods.ConclusionsIn summary, we propose a computational framework (MDSVI) for miRNA‐disease interaction prediction. The experiment results demonstrate that it outperforms other the‐state‐of‐the‐art methods. Case study shows that it can effectively identify potential miRNA‐disease interactions.
Via media: Role and responsibilities of the independent safety officer
Authors: Holbein M. E. B. , Hammack Barbara N. , Melvin Ann J. , Knox Tamsin A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEvery research study that includes volunteer participants requires safety assurances in proportion to the risks of the study. Investigator-initiated clinical research can present unique regulatory challenges particularly for studies with a risk profile that warrants more oversight than minimal risk but less than for large, commercial, or high-risk research. The use of an independent safety officer (ISO) offers a middle way of right-sizing oversight to match the risk. ISOs are clinicians or researchers with relevant expertise who are independent of the investigator and the research study. Their relationship to the study is defined by a formal charter which is aligned with the protocol and Data and Safety Monitoring Plan to address the oversight process, responsibilities of the ISO, and clearly describe the variables to be monitored. The ISO responsibilities include reviewing safety data, adverse events, recruitment, demographics, study progress, data quality, protocol changes, and any new scientific information that pertains to the trial. Finally, the ISO reports in their review on any significant findings may propose modifications to the study or a need to stop the trial.
HAMEL SPACES AND DISTAL EXPANSIONS
Authors: GEHRET ALLEN , NELL TRAVIS 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this note, we construct a distal expansion for the structure $$\left( {; + , < ,H} \right)$$, where $H \subseteq $ is a dense $Q$-vector space basis of $R$ (a so-called Hamel basis). Our construction is also an expansion of the dense pair $\left( {; + , < ,} \right)$ and has full quantifier elimination in a natural language.
Hybrid Security Governance in South America: An Empirical Assessment
Authors: Villa Rafael Duarte , Chagas-Bastos Fabrício H. , Braga Camila de Macedo 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTContending rationales of peace and conflict coexist between countries and within regional spaces as conditions that motivate or constrain militarized behaviors. While the idea of balancing is still a relevant concept to understand contemporary security in South America, the region produces patterns of a nascent security community. This article argues that the regional repertoire of foreign and security policy practices draws on a hybrid security governance mechanism. The novelty brought by the cumulative interaction among South American countries is that the coexistence turns into a hybrid between both practices and discourses. To explain how hybrid formations are produced, this study analyzes the most empirically intense and academically controversial political and security interactions from interstate relations in the two security complexes in the region, the Southern Cone and the Northern Andes.
Reflection-driven magnetohydrodynamic turbulence in the solar atmosphere and solar wind
Authors: Chandran Benjamin D. G. , Perez Jean C. 
Published: August 2019

We present three-dimensional direct numerical simulations and an analytic model of reflection-driven magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence in the solar wind. Our simulations describe transverse, non-compressive MHD fluctuations within a narrow magnetic flux tube that extends from the photosphere, through the chromosphere and corona and out to a heliocentric distance $r$of 21 solar radii $(R_{\odot })$. We launch outward-propagating ‘$\boldsymbol{z}^{+}$fluctuations’ into the simulation domain by imposing a randomly evolving photospheric velocity field. As these fluctuations propagate away from the Sun, they undergo partial reflection, producing inward-propagating ‘$\boldsymbol{z}^{-}$fluctuations’. Counter-propagating fluctuations subsequently interact, causing fluctuation energy to cascade to small scales and dissipate. Our analytic model incorporates dynamic alignment, allows for strongly or weakly turbulent nonlinear interactions and divides the$\boldsymbol{z}^{+}$fluctuations into two populations with different characteristic radial correlation lengths. The inertial-range power spectra of$\boldsymbol{z}^{+}$and$\boldsymbol{z}^{-}$fluctuations in our simulations evolve toward a$k_{\bot }^{-3/2}$scaling at$r>10R_{\odot }$, where$k_{\bot }$is the wave-vector component perpendicular to the background magnetic field. In two of our simulations, the$\boldsymbol{z}^{+}$power spectra are much flatter between the coronal base and$r\simeq 4R_{\odot }$. We argue that these spectral scalings are caused by: (i) high-pass filtering in the upper chromosphere; (ii) the anomalous coherence of inertial-range$\boldsymbol{z}^{-}$fluctuations in a reference frame propagating outwards with the$\boldsymbol{z}^{+}$fluctuations; and (iii) the change in the sign of the radial derivative of the Alfvén speed at$r=r_{\text{m}}\simeq 1.7R_{\odot }$, which disrupts this anomalous coherence between$r=r_{\text{m}}$and$r\simeq 2r_{\text{m}}$. At$r>1.3R_{\odot }$, the turbulent heating rate in our simulations is comparable to the turbulent heating rate in a previously developed solar-wind model that agreed with a number of observational constraints, consistent with the hypothesis that MHD turbulence accounts for much of the heating of the fast solar wind.
Healthy women with severe early life trauma show altered neural facilitation of emotion inhibition under acute stress
Authors: Golde Sabrina , Wingenfeld Katja , Riepenhausen Antje , Schröter Nina , Fleischer Juliane , Prüssner Jens , Grimm Simone , Fan Yan , Hellmann-Regen Julian , Beck Anne , Gold Stefan M. , Otte Christian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundAcross psychopathologies, trauma-exposed individuals suffer from difficulties in inhibiting emotions and regulating attention. In trauma-exposed individuals without psychopathology, only subtle alterations of neural activity involved in regulating emotions have been reported. It remains unclear how these neural systems react to demanding environments, when acute (non-traumatic but ordinary) stress serves to perturbate the system. Moreover, associations with subthreshold clinical symptoms are poorly understood.MethodsThe present fMRI study investigated response inhibition of emotional faces before and after psychosocial stress situations. Specifically, it compared 25 women (mean age 31.5 ± 9.7 years) who had suffered severe early life trauma but who did not have a history of or current psychiatric disorder, with 25 age- and education-matched trauma-naïve women.ResultsUnder stress, response inhibition related to fearful faces was reduced in both groups. Compared to controls, trauma-exposed women showed decreased left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) activation under stress when inhibiting responses to fearful faces, while activation of the right anterior insula was slightly increased. Also, groups differed in brain–behaviour correlations. Whereas stress-induced false alarm rates on fearful stimuli negatively correlated with stress-induced IFG signal in controls, in trauma-exposed participants, they positively correlated with stress-induced insula activation.ConclusionNeural facilitation of emotion inhibition during stress appears to be altered in trauma-exposed women, even without a history of or current psychopathology. Decreased activation of the IFG in concert with heightened bottom-up salience of fear related cues may increase vulnerability to stress-related diseases.
How to philosophize about religion globally and critically . . . with undergraduates
Authors: KNEPPER TIMOTHY D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article explores some critical issues pertinent to the practice of ‘global-critical’ philosophy of religion. Here, I focus on two general issues, especially as they have arisen in the production of a textbook and other pedagogical materials for an undergraduate course in philosophy of religion that is globally diverse and critically engaged: (1) how to restructure philosophy of religion with topics and questions suitable for ‘global’ enquiry; (2) how to philosophize about (global) religion in a manner that is ‘critically’ aware of theoretical and methodological issues in the academic study of religion, yet also pursues philosophical questions of meaning, value, and truth.
A Comparison of Mental Workload in Individuals with Transtibial and Transfemoral Lower Limb Loss during Dual-Task Walking under Varying Demand
Authors: Shaw Emma P. , Rietschel Jeremy C. , Hendershot Brad D. , Pruziner Alison L. , Wolf Erik J. , Dearth Christopher L. , Miller Matthew W. , Hatfield Bradley D. , Gentili Rodolphe J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectives: This study aimed to evaluate the influence of lower limb loss (LL) on mental workload by assessing neurocognitive measures in individuals with unilateral transtibial (TT) versus those with transfemoral (TF) LL while dual-task walking under varying cognitive demand. Methods: Electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded as participants performed a task of varying cognitive demand while being seated or walking (i.e., varying physical demand). Results: The findings revealed both groups of participants (TT LL vs. TF LL) exhibited a similar EEG theta synchrony response as either the cognitive or the physical demand increased. Also, while individuals with TT LL maintained similar performance on the cognitive task during seated and walking conditions, those with TF LL exhibited performance decrements (slower response times) on the cognitive task during the walking in comparison to the seated conditions. Furthermore, those with TF LL neither exhibited regional differences in EEG low-alpha power while walking, nor EEG high-alpha desynchrony as a function of cognitive task difficulty while walking. This lack of alpha modulation coincided with no elevation of theta/alpha ratio power as a function of cognitive task difficulty in the TF LL group. Conclusions: This work suggests that both groups share some common but also different neurocognitive features during dual-task walking. Although all participants were able to recruit neural mechanisms critical for the maintenance of cognitive-motor performance under elevated cognitive or physical demands, the observed differences indicate that walking with a prosthesis, while concurrently performing a cognitive task, imposes additional cognitive demand in individuals with more proximal levels of amputation.
Is neighbourhood social deprivation in a Brazilian city associated with the availability, variety, quality and price of food in supermarkets?
Authors: Leite Maria Alvim , Assis Maíra Macário de , Carmo Ariene Silva do , Costa Bruna Vieira de Lima , Claro Rafael Moreira , Castro Inês Rugani de , Cardoso Letícia de Oliveira , Netto Michele Pereira , Mendes Larissa Loures 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjective:To verify differences in the availability, variety, quality and price of unprocessed and ultra-processed foods in supermarkets and similar establishments in neighbourhoods with different social deprivation levels at Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:The Obesogenic Environment Study in São Paulo’s Food Store Observation Tool (ESAO-S) was applied in thirty-three supermarket chains, wholesale and retail supermarkets.Results:Fruits, vegetables and ultra-processed foods were available in almost all establishments, without differences according to Health Vulnerability Index (HVI; which varies from 0 to 1 point and the higher the worse; P > 0·05). Most establishments were concentrated in low vulnerability areas and offered healthy foods with greater variety and quality, despite higher prices. The Healthy Food Store Index (HFSI; which varies from 0 to 16 points and the higher the best) was calculated from the ESAO-S and the mean score was 8·91 (sd 1·51). The presence and variety of unprocessed foods count as positive points, as do the absence of ultra-processed products. When HFSI was stratified by HVI, low HVI neighbourhoods presented higher HFSI scores, compared with medium, high and very high HVI neighbourhoods (P = 0·001).Conclusions:Supermarkets and similar establishments are less dense in areas of greater social deprivation and have lower prices of healthy foods, but the variety and quality of those foods are worse, compared with areas of low vulnerability. We found worse HFSI for supermarkets located in areas with greater vulnerability. Those findings can guide specific public policies improving the urban food environment.
Fast Radio Bursts: from Multi-Beam Receivers to Interferometers
Authors: Caleb M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRadio astronomy is currently exploring an intriguing new phase-space that probes the dynamic Universe on time-scales of milliseconds. Recent developments of sensitive, high-time-resolution instruments has made possible the discovery of millisecond-duration fast radio bursts (FRBs). The FRB class encompasses a number of single pulses, each unique in its own way, hindering a consensus for their origin. The key to de-mystifying FRBs lies in discovering many of them in real time in order to identify commonalities. The recently upgraded UTMOST, in Australia, has undergone a digital back-end transformation to rise as a fast-transient detection machine. The talk presented the first interferometric detections of FRBs made by this telescope at less that a quarter of its target sensitivity, placing their origin beyond the near-field region of the telescope and thus ruling out local sources of interference as a possible origin. Despite rigorous follow-ups, none of the FRBs observed with the upgraded UTMOST has been seen to repeat, suggesting the possibility of there being two independent classes of FRBs with two classes of possible progenitors. The talk then discussed the recent developments in the field, some of the open questions in FRB astronomy, and how the next-generation telescopes are vital in the quest to understand this enigmatic population.
Time-Domain Astroinformatics
Authors: Djorgovski S. G. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTime-Domain astronomy exercises all aspects of the Virtual Observatory framework and Astroinformatics. Applications of machine learning and statistics to the analysis of large numbers of light-curves will increasingly yield new results as the data accumulate. However, the most challenging problems remain in the arena of rapid classification of transient events and their automated follow-up prioritisation. The talk illustrated those issues with examples from recent or ongoing synoptic sky surveys.
Forming the Progenitors of Explosive Stellar Transients
Authors: Justham S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractExplosive stellar transients arise from diverse situations, including deaths of massive stars, a variety of thermonuclear outbursts, and compact-object mergers. Stellar interactions are heavily implicated in explaining the observed populations of events, and not only those where binarity is obviously involved. Relationships between these classes probably help to elucidate our understanding; for example; the production of double neutron-star mergers from field binaries is thought to be heavily biased towards routes involving stripped core-collapse supernovæ. As we gain an ever more synoptic view of the changing sky, theorists should be mindful of developing an ability to take robust quantitative advantage of the availablepopulationinformation to help constrain the physics. This is complementary to aiming for deep understanding of individual events.
Discovering Radio Transients using ‘Triggered’ and ‘Targeted’ Observations
Authors: Anderson G. E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAs the era of the Square Kilometre Array approaches, astronomers are investigating how to make good use of its facilities for studying radio transients. This talk presented two different methods for radio transient discovery – ‘triggered’ and ‘targeted’ observations – which can be used to supplement the blind survey approach. Both techniques focus on performing radio observations of sky regions in which we expect to find radio transients. ‘Triggered’ observations are obtained by telescopes capable of responding rapidly to transient alerts; they automatically repoint and begin collecting data within minutes of the alert being given. ‘Targeted’ observational techniques involve radio monitoring of specific sources or regions such as nearby, face-on galaxies, globular clusters, and the Galactic Plane. Such observations are sensitive to transient radio jets from black holes accreting at, or above, the Eddington limit, with the additional benefit of providing many potential sources within a single field of view. Both observing strategies illustrate important techniques for radio transient discovery that can be employed by the SKA.
Multi-Wavelength Jet Studies in Cataclysmic Variables and Super-Luminous Supernovæ
Authors: Coppejans D. L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAstrophysical jets have been detected in objects as diverse as protostellar objects and supermassive black holes, yet we still have not answered the key question of what system properties are necessary to launch a jet. This talk described multi-wavelength time-domain studies to determine if two classes of objects at opposite ends of the energy scale are launching jets. First, Cataclysmic Variables (binaries with mass accretion rates of ≤ 10−8 M⊙y−1) were previously thought not to launch jets, and have been used to constrain jet launching models. Nevertheless, recent radio observations have indicated a jet in one system, and have shown that that system is not unique. As regards the other end of the energy scale, we still do not know if the most powerful stellar explosions (Super-Luminous Supernovæ) launch jets. Recent improvements in sensitivity (particularly at radio wavelengths), higher-cadence transient surveys, significantly improved telescope response times and longer-term monitoring have led to substantial advances in these fields. The talk discussed how we are using multi-wavelength studies (with different cadences and coverage times) of these two extremely different classes of object to determine if they launch jets, thereby to constrain the properties necessary to do so.
A Dust-Enshrouded Tidal Disruption Event in a Luminous Infared Galaxy
Authors: Mattila S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper presented the discovery of an energetic nuclear transient from near-infrared monitoring of nearby starburst and luminous infrared galaxies. The transient radiated at least 1.5E+52 erg in the infrared but remained elusive at optical and X-ray wavelengths. We interpret its properties as arising from a stellar tidal disruption event (TDE) close to a supermassive black hole. Much of its emission must have been reprocessed by dense gas and re-radiated at infrared wavelengths by dust, suggesting a way for reducing the tension between theoretical luminosity predictions and observations of TDEs. Such events are not detectable by optical, UV or soft X-ray observations, and might represent just the tip of the iceberg of a missed TDE population in the local Universe. That population could be more numerous at higher redshifts where luminous infrared galaxies are more common.
Progress of the Chinese Plate-Digitizing Project
Authors: Tang Z-H. , Zhao J-H. , Yu Y. , Shang Z-J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAbout 30,000 astronomical photographic plates were digitised between 2012–2017 with a special digitising machine that has high precision in both astrometry and photometry. All the images from the plates, together with plate information and measured coordinates of all the objects on the plates, have been stored in the Chinese Virtual Observatory.
Photometric Variability of Luminous Blue Variable Stars on Different Time-Scales
Authors: Gantchev G. , Nedialkov P. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe have compiled historical observations, spanning ∼100 years, for a dozen of the best-studied LBVs in the Local Group. We described how we prepared structure functions for their light-curves and calculated two parameters (the structure function slope and the characteristic time-scale) to describe the behaviour of the LBVs. The sensitivity of those parameters to the variability behaviour of the stars was tested with a number of photometric data sets. The slope of the structure function may anticorrelate with the time-scale. These types of variable stellar objects are crucial to studies of stellar variability and the final stages of stellar evolution.