bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expanding Learning Frames in Music Teacher Education: Student Placement in a Palestinian Refugee Camp in Lebanon
Authors: Brøske Brit Ågot 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this chapter is to discuss how intercultural music projects can contribute to expansive learning in music teacher education. Based on cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT), I explore expansive learning on the student-music-teacher and institutional levels. The inspirational starting point for the chapter is the professional placement of student music teachers in the Palestinian refugee camp Rashedieh in South Lebanon. Both students and staff from the Norwegian Academy of Music are involved in this project, and both the context and the content of the setting are experienced by student-music-teachers and staff as highly unfamiliar, unpredictable, and challenging—although highly valuable. A particular focus of the discussion relates to the concepts of complexity and contradictions, and how they can function as potential sources for change, development, and expansive learning. I argue that student-music-teachers’ involvement in intercultural projects can create rich opportunities for expansive, intercultural learning. However, in order to achieve this, we have to design educational programs that enhance reflection and dialogue, provide a solid intercultural competence, and create possibilities for existential meetings and placement settings in which student-teachers experience being “the other”. Consequently, students, teachers, and institutions can learn something that is “not yet there”, and be prepared for the crucial challenges of the future.
Mortality risk in atrial fibrillation: the role of aspirin, vitamin K and non-vitamin K antagonists
Authors: Gieling Emilie , de Vries Frank , Williams Rachael , van Onzenoort Hein A. W. , de Boer Anthonius , ten Cate Vincent , Kramers Cornelis , Burden Andrea 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background As an alternative to vitamin K antagonist and low-dose aspirin (< 325 mg), non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants are available for the prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. However, the mortality risk associated with these drugs in daily practice remains unclear. Objective To evaluate the risk of all-cause mortality associated with non-Vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants, vitamin K antagonists or aspirin in patients with atrial fibrillation. Setting A cohort study conducted among atrial fibrillation patients using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (March 2008–October 2014). Method New users of vitamin K antagonists, non vitamin K oral anticoagulants, low-dose aspirin, or combination therapy were followed from the date of first prescription to the date of death, as recorded in the UK datalink. Cox proportional hazard models estimated the hazard ratio (HR) of all-cause mortality for users of NOACs, aspirin, or combination use, as compared to vitamin K antagonist. Analyses were adjusted for confounders. Main outcome measure All-cause mortality. Results We identified 31,497 patients. Non vitamin K antocoagulant use (adjusted HR [aHR] = 1.42; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.18–1.71) and aspirin use (aHR = 1.64; 95% CI 1.57–1.77) were both significantly associated with a higher mortality risk than use of vitamin K antagonists. The higher mortality risk for the non vitamin K anticoagulant use was observed in men (aHR = 1.72; 95% CI 1.25–2.36), but not in women (aHR = 1.28; 95% CI 0.92–1.79. Compared to vitamin K antagonists, mortality risk associated with the non vitamin K anticoagulants and aspirin use was significantly increased in patients with higher stroke risk (CHA2DS2-VASc > 2). Conclusion Non vitamin K oral anticoagulants are associated with a higher risk on all-cause mortality, particularly in men and in patients with higher stroke risk.
Statistical methods for dementia risk prediction and recommendations for future work: A systematic review
Authors: Goerdten Jantje , Čukić Iva , Danso Samuel O. , Carrière Isabelle , Muniz‐Terrera Graciela 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionNumerous dementia risk prediction models have been developed in the past decade. However, methodological limitations of the analytical tools used may hamper their ability to generate reliable dementia risk scores. We aim to review the used methodologies.MethodsWe systematically reviewed the literature from March 2014 to September 2018 for publications presenting a dementia risk prediction model. We critically discuss the analytical techniques used in the literature.ResultsIn total 137 publications were included in the qualitative synthesis. Three techniques were identified as the most commonly used methodologies: machine learning, logistic regression, and Cox regression.DiscussionWe identified three major methodological weaknesses: (1) over‐reliance on one data source, (2) poor verification of statistical assumptions of Cox and logistic regression, and (3) lack of validation. The use of larger and more diverse data sets is recommended. Assumptions should be tested thoroughly, and actions should be taken if deviations are detected.
The bidirectional association between maternal speech and child characteristics
Authors: MIMEAU Catherine , CANTIN Édith , TREMBLAY Richard E. , BOIVIN Michel , DIONNE Ginette 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOur aim was to assess whether infants influence the quantity and quality of their mothers’ speech to them and, in turn, whether this maternal speech influences children's later language. As 189 mothers interacted with each of their twins at age 0;5, we calculated the number of utterances, the proportion of sensitive utterances, and the proportion of self-repeated utterances they produced. We later assessed the twins’ language comprehension and production when they were 1;6, 2;6, and 5;2. Quantity of maternal speech predicted child language at 5;2, whereas sensitivity predicted child language at 2;6 and 5;2 and partial self-repetition predicted child language at 1;6. Conversely, sensitivity and partial self-repetition in maternal speech at 0;5 were associated with genetic factors from the child, indicating that infant characteristics influence the quality of maternal speech. Overall, our findings stress the importance of considering both directions in the association between maternal speech and child characteristics.
Expansion trees with cut
Authors: Aschieri Federico , Hetzl Stefan , Weller Daniel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHerbrand’s theorem is one of the most fundamental insights in logic. From the syntactic point of view, it suggests a compact representation of proofs in classical first- and higher-order logics by recording the information of which instances have been chosen for which quantifiers. This compact representation is known in the literature as Miller’s expansion tree proof. It is inherently analytic and hence corresponds to a cut-free sequent calculus proof. Recently several extensions of such proof representations to proofs with cuts have been proposed. These extensions are based on graphical formalisms similar to proof nets and are limited to prenex formulas.In this paper, we present a new syntactic approach that directly extends Miller’s expansion trees by cuts and also covers non-prenex formulas. We describe a cut-elimination procedure for our expansion trees with cut that is based on the natural reduction steps and shows that it is weakly normalizing.
Extensions of the Erdős–Gallai theorem and Luo’s theorem
Authors: Ning Bo , Peng Xing 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe famous Erdős–Gallai theorem on the Turán number of paths states that every graph with n vertices and m edges contains a path with at least (2m)/n edges. In this note, we first establish a simple but novel extension of the Erdős–Gallai theorem by proving that every graph G contains a path with at least
$${{(s + 1){N_{s + 1}}(G)} \over {{N_s}(G)}} + s - 1$$
edges, where Nj(G) denotes the number of j-cliques in G for 1≤ j ≤ ω(G). We also construct a family of graphs which shows our extension improves the estimate given by the Erdős–Gallai theorem. Among applications, we show, for example, that the main results of [20], which are on the maximum possible number of s-cliques in an n-vertex graph without a path with ℓ vertices (and without cycles of length at least c), can be easily deduced from this extension. Indeed, to prove these results, Luo [20] generalized a classical theorem of Kopylov and established a tight upper bound on the number of s-cliques in an n-vertex 2-connected graph with circumference less than c. We prove a similar result for an n-vertex 2-connected graph with circumference less than c and large minimum degree. We conclude this paper with an application of our results to a problem from spectral extremal graph theory on consecutive lengths of cycles in graphs.
Dielectric metasurfaces for complete and independent control of the optical amplitude and phase
Authors: Overvig Adam C. , Shrestha Sajan , Malek Stephanie C. , Lu Ming , Stein Aaron , Zheng Changxi , Yu Nanfang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMetasurfaces are optically thin metamaterials that promise complete control of the wavefront of light but are primarily used to control only the phase of light. Here, we present an approach, simple in concept and in practice, that uses meta-atoms with a varying degree of form birefringence and rotation angles to create high-efficiency dielectric metasurfaces that control both the optical amplitude and phase at one or two frequencies. This opens up applications in computer-generated holography, allowing faithful reproduction of both the phase and amplitude of a target holographic scene without the iterative algorithms required in phase-only holography. We demonstrate all-dielectric metasurface holograms with independent and complete control of the amplitude and phase at up to two optical frequencies simultaneously to generate two- and three-dimensional holographic objects. We show that phase-amplitude metasurfaces enable a few features not attainable in phase-only holography; these include creating artifact-free two-dimensional holographic images, encoding phase and amplitude profiles separately at the object plane, encoding intensity profiles at the metasurface and object planes separately, and controlling the surface textures of three-dimensional holographic objects.
Developing neuroscience-based treatments for alcohol addiction: A matter of choice?
Authors: Heilig Markus , Augier Eric , Pfarr Simone , Sommer Wolfgang H. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractExcessive alcohol use is the cause of an ongoing public health crisis, and accounts for ~5% of global disease burden. A minority of people with recreational alcohol use develop alcohol addiction (hereafter equated with “alcohol dependence” or simply “alcoholism”), a condition characterized by a systematically biased choice preference for alcohol at the expense of healthy rewards, and continued use despite adverse consequences (“compulsivity”). Alcoholism is arguably the most pressing area of unmet medical needs in psychiatry, with only a small fraction of patients receiving effective, evidence-based treatments. Medications currently approved for the treatment of alcoholism have small effect sizes, and their clinical uptake is negligible. No mechanistically new medications have been approved since 2004, and promising preclinical results have failed to translate into novel treatments. This has contributed to a reemerging debate whether and to what extent alcohol addiction represents a medical condition, or reflects maladaptive choices without an underlying brain pathology. Here, we review this landscape, and discuss the challenges, lessons learned, and opportunities to retool drug development in this important therapeutic area.
HIF1α inhibition facilitates Leflunomide-AHR-CRP signaling to attenuate bone erosion in CRP-aberrant rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Liang Chao , Li Jie , Lu Cheng , Xie Duoli , Liu Jin , Zhong Chuanxin , Wu Xiaohao , Dai Rongchen , Zhang Huarui , Guan Daogang , Guo Baosheng , He Bing , Li Fangfei , He Xiaojuan , Zhang Wandong , Zhang Bao-Ting , Zhang Ge , Lu Aiping 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by progressive bone erosion. Leflunomide is originally developed to suppress inflammation via its metabolite A77 1726 to attenuate bone erosion. However, distinctive responsiveness to Leflunomide is observed among RA individuals. Here we show that Leflunomide exerts immunosuppression but limited efficacy in RA individuals distinguished by higher serum C-reactive protein (CRPHigher, CRPH), whereas the others with satisfactory responsiveness to Leflunomide show lower CRP (CRPLower, CRPL). CRP inhibition decreases bone erosion in arthritic rats. Besides the immunomodulation via A77 1726, Leflunomide itself induces AHR-ARNT interaction to inhibit hepatic CRP production and attenuate bone erosion in CRPL arthritic rats. Nevertheless, high CRP in CRPH rats upregulates HIF1α, which competes with AHR for ARNT association and interferes Leflunomide-AHR-CRP signaling. Hepatocyte-specific HIF1α deletion or a HIF1α inhibitor Acriflavine re-activates Leflunomide-AHR-CRP signaling to inhibit bone erosion. This study presents a precision medicine-based therapeutic strategy for RA.
Fungal dissemination is limited by liver macrophage filtration of the blood
Authors: Sun Donglei , Sun Peng , Li Hongmei , Zhang Mingshun , Liu Gongguan , Strickland Ashley B. , Chen Yanli , Fu Yong , Xu Juan , Yosri Mohammed , Nan Yuchen , Zhou Hong , Zhang Xiquan , Shi Meiqing 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFungal dissemination into the bloodstream is a critical step leading to invasive fungal infections. Here, using intravital imaging, we show that Kupffer cells (KCs) in the liver have a prominent function in the capture of circulatingCryptococcus neoformansandCandida albicans, thereby reducing fungal dissemination to target organs. Complement C3 but not C5, and complement receptor CRIg but not CR3, are involved in capture ofC. neoformans. Internalization ofC. neoformansby KCs is subsequently mediated by multiple receptors, including CR3, CRIg, and scavenger receptors, which work synergistically along with C5aR signaling. Following phagocytosis, the growth ofC. neoformansis inhibited by KCs in an IFN-γ independent manner. Thus, the liver filters disseminating fungi from circulation via KCs, providing a mechanistic explanation for the enhanced risk of cryptococcosis among individuals with liver diseases, and suggesting a therapeutic strategy to prevent fungal dissemination through enhancing KC functions.
Dipole states and coherent interaction in surface-acoustic-wave coupled phononic resonators
Authors: Raguin Laetitia , Gaiffe Olivier , Salut Roland , Cote Jean-Marc , Soumann Valérie , Laude Vincent , Khelif Abdelkrim , Benchabane Sarah 
Published: October 2019

AbstractManipulation of mechanical motion at the micro-scale has been attracting continuous attention, leading to the successful implementation of various strategies with potential impact on classical and quantum information processing. We propose an approach based on the interplay between a pair of localised mechanical resonators and travelling surface acoustic waves (SAW). We demonstrate the existence of a two-sided interaction, allowing the use of SAW to trigger and control the resonator oscillation, and to manipulate the elastic energy distribution on the substrate through resonator coupling. Observation of the vectorial structure of the resonator motion reveals the existence of two coupling regimes, a dipole-dipole-like interaction at small separation distance versus a surface-mediated mechanical coupling at larger separation. These results illustrate the potential of this platform for coherent control of mechanical vibration at a resonator level, and reciprocally for manipulating SAW propagation using sub-wavelength elements.
Upconversion superballs for programmable photoactivation of therapeutics
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Jayakumar Muthu Kumara Gnanasammandhan , Zheng Xiang , Shikha Swati , Zhang Yi , Bansal Akshaya , Poon Dennis J. J. , Chu Pek Lim , Yeo Eugenia L. L. , Chua Melvin L. K. , Chee Soo Khee , Zhang Yong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUpconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are the preferred choice for deep-tissue photoactivation, owing to their unique capability of converting deep tissue-penetrating near-infrared light to UV/visible light for photoactivation. Programmed photoactivation of multiple molecules is critical for controlling many biological processes. However, syntheses of such UCNPs require epitaxial growth of multiple shells on the core nanocrystals and are highly complex/time-consuming. To overcome this bottleneck, we have modularly assembled two distinct UCNPs which can individually be excited by 980/808 nm light, but not both. These orthogonal photoactivable UCNPs superballs are used for programmed photoactivation of multiple therapeutic processes for enhanced efficacy. These include sequential activation of endosomal escape through photochemical-internalization for enhanced cellular uptake, followed by photocontrolled gene knockdown of superoxide dismutase-1 to increase sensitivity to reactive oxygen species and finally, photodynamic therapy under these favorable conditions. Such programmed activation translated to significantly higher therapeutic efficacy in vitro and in vivo in comparison to conventional, non-programmed activation.
Development of high-throughput ATR-FTIR technology for rapid triage of brain cancer
Authors: Butler Holly J. , Brennan Paul M. , Cameron James M. , Finlayson Duncan , Hegarty Mark G. , Jenkinson Michael D. , Palmer David S. , Smith Benjamin R. , Baker Matthew J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNon-specific symptoms, as well as the lack of a cost-effective test to triage patients in primary care, has resulted in increased time-to-diagnosis and a poor prognosis for brain cancer patients. A rapid, cost-effective, triage test could significantly improve this patient pathway. A blood test using attenuated total reflection (ATR)-Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for the detection of brain cancer, alongside machine learning technology, is advancing towards clinical translation. However, whilst the methodology is simple and does not require extensive sample preparation, the throughput of such an approach is limited. Here we describe the development of instrumentation for the analysis of serum that is able to differentiate cancer and control patients at a sensitivity and specificity of 93.2% and 92.8%. Furthermore, preliminary data from the first prospective clinical validation study of its kind are presented, demonstrating how this innovative technology can triage patients and allow rapid access to imaging.
Electro-optic imaging enables efficient wide-field fluorescence lifetime microscopy
Authors: Bowman Adam J. , Klopfer Brannon B. , Juffmann Thomas , Kasevich Mark A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNanosecond temporal resolution enables new methods for wide-field imaging like time-of-flight, gated detection, and fluorescence lifetime. The optical efficiency of existing approaches, however, presents challenges for low-light applications common to fluorescence microscopy and single-molecule imaging. We demonstrate the use of Pockels cells for wide-field image gating with nanosecond temporal resolution and high photon collection efficiency. Two temporal frames are obtained by combining a Pockels cell with a pair of polarizing beam-splitters. We show multi-label fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), single-molecule lifetime spectroscopy, and fast single-frame FLIM at the camera frame rate with 103–105 times higher throughput than single photon counting. Finally, we demonstrate a space-to-time image multiplexer using a re-imaging optical cavity with a tilted mirror to extend the Pockels cell technique to multiple temporal frames. These methods enable nanosecond imaging with standard optical systems and sensors, opening a new temporal dimension for wide-field low-light microscopy.
Global ocean methane emissions dominated by shallow coastal waters
Authors: Weber Thomas , Wiseman Nicola A. , Kock Annette 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOceanic emissions represent a highly uncertain term in the natural atmospheric methane (CH4) budget, due to the sparse sampling of dissolved CH4 in the marine environment. Here we overcome this limitation by training machine-learning models to map the surface distribution of methane disequilibrium (∆CH4). Our approach yields a global diffusive CH4 flux of 2–6TgCH4yr−1 from the ocean to the atmosphere, after propagating uncertainties in ∆CH4 and gas transfer velocity. Combined with constraints on bubble-driven ebullitive fluxes, we place total oceanic CH4 emissions between 6–12TgCH4yr−1, narrowing the range adopted by recent atmospheric budgets (5–25TgCH4yr−1) by a factor of three. The global flux is dominated by shallow near-shore environments, where CH4 released from the seafloor can escape to the atmosphere before oxidation. In the open ocean, our models reveal a significant relationship between ∆CH4 and primary production that is consistent with hypothesized pathways of in situ methane production during organic matter cycling.
Robust thermoelastic microactuator based on an organic molecular crystal
Authors: Duan Yulong , Semin Sergey , Tinnemans Paul , Cuppen Herma , Xu Jialiang , Rasing Theo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMechanically responsive molecular crystals that reversibly change shape triggered by external stimuli are invaluable for the design of actuators for soft robotics, artificial muscles and microfluidic devices. However, their strong deformations usually lead to their destruction. We report a fluorenone derivative (4-DBpFO) showing a strong shear deformation upon heating due to a structural phase transition which is reproducible after more than hundred heating/cooling cycles. Molecular dynamic simulations show that the transition occurs through a nucleation-and-growth mechanism, triggered by thermally induced rotations of the phenyl rings, leading to a rearrangement of the molecular configuration. The applicability as actuator is demonstrated by displacing a micron-sized glass bead over a large distance, delivering a kinetic energy of more than 65 pJ, corresponding to a work density of 270 J kg−1. This material can serve as a prototype structure to direct the development of new types of robust molecular actuators.
Activated carbon fibers for toxic gas removal based on electrical investigation: Mechanistic study of p-type/n-type junction structures
Authors: Bai Byong Chol , Lee Young-Seak , Im Ji Sun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this study, we evaluated the potential use of CuO-ZnO combination structures with activated carbon fibers (ACFs) for the adsorption (by ACFs) and electrochemical detection (by CuO-ZnO) by of SO2 gas. The gas adsorptivity was concluded to improve as a result of the synergetic effects of physical adsorption by the micropores and mesopores, the specific surface area developed by chemical activation and the chemical adsorption reaction between SO2 and the transition metals introduced in the CuO-ZnO combination structures. From comparison of the SO2 sensing properties, the CuO-ZnO combination structures with ACFs exhibited the fastest sensing capability. This result can be attributed to the larger specific surface area of the semiconductor, which extended its depletion layer by forming p-type CuO/n-type ZnO junctions. This phenomenon led to good SO2 detection through a decrease in the resistance; thus, the contributions of the sensing responses of p-type CuO and n-type ZnO represent a predominant characteristic of the sensor. These types of mechanisms were proven through various physicochemical and electrical characterization methods, especially through evaluation of the SO2 sensing capability of the CuO-ZnO combination structures with ACFs. The reversible sensing capability indicates that the p-n junction structure changed the electrical properties of the ACFs, leading to an intriguing sensing mechanism.