bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) regulates trophoblast viability, proliferation, and migration and is downregulated in spontaneous abortion
Authors: Qin Xiaoli , Chen Yan , Chen Shufang , Liu Xiaorui , Zeng Weihong , Tian Fuju , Lin Yi , Fan Cuifang 
Published: September 2018

ProblemHuman pregnancy is a complex biological process, and spontaneous abortion is the most common complication of pregnancy. LncRNAs have been identified that play key roles in a variety of human diseases. Recently, lncRNAPVT1 was reported to relate to the pathogenesis and progression of pregnancy. However, the role and underlying mechanism of PVT1 in trophoblast cell dysfunction in spontaneous abortion remain largely unknown.Method of studyThe effects of PVT1, miR‐424, and eIF5A on HTR8 cells and human villi tissues from spontaneous or induced abortions were investigated using CCK‐8 assay, EdU assay, real‐time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, cell transfection assays, cell migration assays, and luciferase reporter gene assays.ResultsOverexpression of PVT1 promoted HTR8 cell viability, proliferation, and migration. Suppression of PVT1 promoted miR‐424 expression, and miR‐424 could modulate the effects of PVT1 in HTR8 cells. MiR‐424 exerted its function via regulation of eIF5A expression in HTR8 cells. PVT1 and eIF5A expression were decreased and miR‐424 was increased in clinical samples from spontaneous abortion, compared to samples from elective induced abortion.ConclusionPVT1 regulates trophoblast cell function via modulation of a PVT1/miR‐424/eIF5A pathway.
Long‐term follow‐up of ICSI‐conceived offspring compared with spontaneously conceived offspring: a systematic review of health outcomes beyond the neonatal period
Authors: Catford S. R. , McLachlan R. I. , O'Bryan M. K. , Halliday J. L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundA significant increase in the use of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) since its introduction in 1992 has been observed worldwide, including beyond its original intended use for severe male factor infertility. Concerns regarding ICSI include the effects of poor quality spermatozoa on offspring health and future fertility, and of the technique itself. The health and development of ICSI‐conceived children beyond early infancy have not been comprehensively assessed.ObjectiveA systematic review of health outcomes of ICSI‐conceived offspring beyond the neonatal period compared to spontaneously conceived (SC) offspring.DesignPubMed, OVID Medline/Embase, InformIT, Web of Science, and ProQuest databases were searched for studies reporting on health outcomes in ICSI‐conceived offspring beyond 28 days after birth.Main outcomes measure(s)Physical and psychosocial health.ResultsThe search strategy yielded 2826 articles. Of these, 2580 were not relevant or did not meet inclusion criteria and 138 were duplicates. One hundred and eight full‐text papers were evaluated further, and 48 satisfied the inclusion criteria. Most studies reported on neurodevelopment during early infancy and childhood with reassuring results. Growth, vision, and hearing of ICSI and SC offspring also appear comparable, although important differences in general physical health, and particularly metabolic and reproductive health have been described, including recently poorer semen quality among ICSI‐conceived young adult men compared to SC peers.ConclusionWhilst neurodevelopment, growth, vision, and hearing appear similar between ICSI and SC children, evidence suggests differences in general physical health, and metabolic and reproductive endpoints. The clinical significance of many findings, however, remains unclear, and further prospective, large, and good quality studies with a focus on all these health outcomes in ICSI‐conceived young adults are required.
Autism Spectrum Disorder symptomatology in children with Mucopolysaccharide Disease Type III
Authors: Wolfenden Claire , Wittkowski Anja , Jones Simon A. , Rust Stewart , Hare Dougal J. 
Published: September 2018

Accessible Summary

We now have a much better understanding of the specific characteristics of the many and often rare conditions that are associated with intellectual disabilities [learning disabilities]

We examined a condition called Mucopolysaccharidosis Type III [MPS III] sometimes called Sanfilippo syndrome

Many children with MPS III also appear to show signs of autism but an additional diagnosis of autism is time‐consuming and not always available to families

We, therefore, measured autistic symptoms in children with MPS III and found that they often had problems in social responsiveness

Children with MPS III and their families might therefore routinely benefit from the types of support offered to children with autism

AbstractSymptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are present in children with mucopolysaccharidosis type III (MPS III). Questionnaires measuring the two core domains of ASD (social responsiveness and repetitive behaviour) were completed by N = 17 parents of children with MPS III. Results indicated that scores consistent with ASD were reported by all parents on a measure of social responsiveness but lower scores were reported for repetitive behaviour. The findings provide support for the provision of additional interventions, focusing on social and communication difficulties, for children with MPS III across all phases of their disorder.
High‐fructose corn syrup consumption in adolescent rats causes bipolar‐like behavioural phenotype with hyperexcitability in hippocampal CA3‐CA1 synapses
Authors: Alten Baris , Yesiltepe Metin , Bayraktar Erva , Tas Sadik Taskin , Gocmen Ayse Yesim , Kursungoz Canan , Martinez Ana , Sara Yildirim 
Published: September 2018

Background and PurposeChildren and adolescents are the top consumers of high‐fructose corn syrup (HFCS) sweetened beverages. Even though the cardiometabolic consequences of HFCS consumption in adolescents are well known, the neuropsychiatric consequences have yet to be determined.Experimental ApproachAdolescent rats were fed for a month with 11% weight/volume carbohydrate containing HFCS solution, which is similar to the sugar‐sweetened beverages of human consumption. The metabolic, behavioural and electrophysiological characteristics of HFCS‐fed rats were determined. Furthermore, the effects of TDZD‐8, a highly specific GSK‐3B inhibitor, on the HFCS‐induced alterations were further explored.Key ResultsHFCS‐fed adolescent rats displayed bipolar‐like behavioural phenotype with hyperexcitability in hippocampal CA3‐CA1 synapses. This hyperexcitability was associated with increased presynaptic release probability and increased readily available pool of AMPA receptors to be incorporated into the postsynaptic membrane, due to decreased expression of the neuron‐specific α3‐subunit of Na+/K+‐ATPase and an increased ser845‐phosphorylation of GluA1 subunits (AMPA receptor subunit) respectively. TDZD‐8 treatment was found to restore behavioural and electrophysiological disturbances associated with HFCS consumption by inhibition of GSK‐3B, the most probable mechanism of action of lithium for its mood‐stabilizing effects.Conclusion and ImplicationsThis study shows that HFCS consumption in adolescent rats led to a bipolar‐like behavioural phenotype with neuronal hyperexcitability, which is known to be one of the earliest endophenotypic manifestations of bipolar disorder. Inhibition of GSK‐3B with TDZD‐8 attenuated hyperexcitability and restored HFCS‐induced behavioural alterations.
Ceftazidime‐Avibactam Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Pharmacodynamic Target Attainment Across Adult Indications and Patient Subgroups
Authors: Li Jianguo , Lovern Mark , Green Michelle L. , Chiu Joannellyn , Zhou Diansong , Comisar Craig , Xiong Yuan , Hing Jeremy , MacPherson Merran , Wright James G. , Riccobene Todd , Carrothers Timothy J. , Das Shampa 
Published: September 2018

Ceftazidime‐avibactam is a novel β‐lactam/β‐lactamase inhibitor combination for the treatment of serious infections caused by resistant gram‐negative pathogens. Population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) models were built to incorporate pharmacokinetic (PK) data from five phase III trials in patients with complicated intra‐abdominal infection (cIAI), complicated urinary tract infection (cUTI), or nosocomial (including ventilator‐associated) pneumonia. Ceftazidime and avibactam pharmacokinetics were well‐described by two‐compartment disposition models, with creatinine clearance (CrCL) the key covariate determining clearance variability. Steady‐state ceftazidime and avibactam exposure for most patient subgroups differed by ≤ 20% vs. healthy volunteers. Probability of PK/pharmacodynamic (PD) target attainment (free plasma ceftazidime > 8 mg/L and avibactam > 1 mg/L for ≥ 50% of dosing interval) was ≥ 94.9% in simulations for all patient subgroups, including indication and renal function categories. No exposure‐microbiological response relationship was identified because target exposures were achieved in almost all patients. These modeling results support the approved ceftazidime‐avibactam dosage regimens (2000‐500 mg every 8 hours, adjusted for CrCL ≤ 50 mL/min).
Nusinersen treatment of spinal muscular atrophy: current knowledge and existing gaps
Authors: Gidaro Teresa , Servais Laurent 
Published: September 2018

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a recessive disorder caused by a mutation in the survival motor neuron 1 gene (SMN1); it affects 1 in 11 000 newborn infants. The most severe and most common form, type 1 SMA, is associated with early mortality in most cases and severe disability in survivors. Nusinersen, an antisense oligonucleotide, promotes production of full‐length protein from the pseudogene SMN2. Nusinersen treatment prolongs survival of patients with type 1 SMA and allows motor milestone acquisition. Patients with type 2 SMA also show progress on different motor scales after nusinersen treatment. Nusinersen was recently approved by the European Medicines Agency and the US Food and Drug Administration; it is now reimbursed in several European countries and in the USA. In Australia, the transition from expanded access programme to commercial availability is coming soon. In New Zealand, an expanded access programme is opened, and in Canada price negotiation for the treatment is in progress. In this review we exemplify the clinical benefit of nusinersen in subgroups of patients with SMA. Nusinersen represents the first efficacious marked approved drug in type 1 and type 2 SMA. Different knowledge gaps, such as results in older patients, in patients with permanent ventilation, in patients with neonatal forms, or in patients after spinal fusion, still need to be addressed.What this paper adds

Identifies gaps in knowledge about the efficacy of nusinersen in broader populations of patients with spinal muscular atrophy.

Identifies open questions in populations of patients where proof of efficacy is available.
Reduction in insulin degludec dosing for multiple exercise sessions improves time spent in euglycaemia in people with type 1 diabetes: A randomized crossover trial
Authors: Moser Othmar , Eckstein Max L. , Mueller Alexander , Birnbaumer Philipp , Aberer Felix , Koehler Gerd , Sourij Caren , Kojzar Harald , Holler Peter , Simi Helmut , Pferschy Peter , Dietz Pavel , Bracken Richard M. , Hofmann Peter , Sourij Harald 
Published: September 2018

AimsTo compare the time spent in specified glycaemic ranges in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) during 5 consecutive days of moderate‐intensity exercise while on either 100% or 75% of their usual insulin degludec (IDeg) dose.Materials and MethodsNine participants with T1D (four women, mean age 32.1 ± 9.0 years, body mass index 25.5 ± 3.8 kg/m2, glycated haemoglobin 55 ± 7 mmol/mol (7.2% ± 0.6%) on IDeg were enrolled in the trial. Three days before the first exercise period, participants were randomized to either 100% or 75% of their usual IDeg dose. Participants exercised on a cycle ergometer for 55 minutes at a moderate intensity for 5 consecutive days. After a 4‐week wash‐out period, participants performed the last exercise period for 5 consecutive days with the alternate IDeg dose. Time spent in specified glycaemic ranges, area under the curve and numbers of hypoglycaemic events were compared for the 5 days on each treatment allocation using a paired Students' t test, Wilcoxon matched‐pairs signed‐rank test and two‐way ANOVA.ResultsTime spent in euglycaemia over 5 days was greater for the 75% IDeg dose versus the 100% IDeg dose (4008 ± 938 minutes vs. 3566 ± 856 minutes; P = 0.04). Numbers of hypoglycaemic events (P = 0.91) and time spent in hypoglycaemia (P = 0.07) or hyperglycaemia (P = 0.38) was similar for both dosing schemes.ConclusionsA 25% reduction in usual IDeg dose around regular exercise led to more time spent in euglycaemia, with small effects on time spent in hypo‐ and hyperglycaemia.
Ten lessons from a quarter of a century of post‐communist economic transformation
Authors: Åslund Anders 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe dominant idea in the early post‐communist economic transition was that an early and comprehensive radical economic reform programme was needed. This program was accompanied by a clear programme of political economy reform, which included; a clear understanding that the old system was finished, a political breakthrough, new political leaders, new economic policymakers, the swift elaboration of a reform programme, a functioning parliament, sufficient international financial support, fast implementation, public understanding, and the overruling of any need for consensus. In hindsight, all of these factors worked when they were present. Critics warned of too sharp an output fall, which did not come to pass, lagging institutional development, and neglect of social reforms. The biggest problem has become the absence of real property rights because of captured judicial systems in the post‐communist countries not belonging to the European Union.
Potential landscape‐scale pollinator networks across Great Britain: structure, stability and influence of agricultural land cover
Authors: Redhead John W. , Woodcock Ben A. , Pocock Michael J.O. , Pywell Richard F. , Vanbergen Adam J. , Oliver Tom H. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractUnderstanding spatial variation in the structure and stability of plant–pollinator networks, and their relationship with anthropogenic drivers, is key for maintaining pollination services and mitigating declines. Constructing sufficient networks to examine patterns over large spatial scales remains challenging. Using biological records (citizen science), we constructed potential plant–pollinator networks at 10 km resolution across Great Britain, comprising all potential interactions inferred from recorded floral visitation and species co‐occurrence. We calculated network metrics (species richness, connectance, pollinator and plant generality) and adapted existing methods to assess robustness to sequences of simulated plant extinctions across multiple networks. We found positive relationships between agricultural land cover and both pollinator generality and robustness to extinctions under several extinction scenarios. Increased robustness was attributable to changes in plant community composition (fewer extinction‐prone species) and network structure (increased pollinator generality). Thus, traits enabling persistence in highly agricultural landscapes can confer robustness to potential future perturbations on plant–pollinator networks.
Refractory juvenile myoclonic epilepsy: a meta‐analysis of prevalence and risk factors
Authors: Stevelink R. , Koeleman B. P. C. , Sander J. W. , Jansen F. E. , Braun K. P. J. 
Published: September 2018

Background and purposeJuvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is a common epilepsy syndrome for which treatment response is generally assumed to be good. We aimed to determine the prevalence and prognostic risk factors for refractoriness of JME.MethodsWe systematically searched PubMed and EMBASE and included 43 eligible studies, reporting seizure outcome after antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment in JME cohorts. We defined refractory JME as persistence of any seizure despite AED treatment and performed a random‐effects meta‐analysis to assess the prevalence of refractory JME and of seizure recurrence after AED withdrawal in individuals with well‐controlled seizures. Studies reporting potential prognostic risk factors in relation to seizure outcome were included for subsequent meta‐analysis of risk factors for refractoriness.ResultsOverall, 35% (95% confidence interval, 29–41%) of individuals (n = 3311) were refractory. There was marked heterogeneity between studies. Seizures recurred in 78% (95% confidence interval, 52–94%) of individuals who attempted to withdraw from treatment after a period of seizure freedom (n = 246). Seizure outcome by publication year suggested that prognosis did not improve over time. Meta‐analysis suggested six variables as prognostic factors for refractoriness, i.e. having three seizure types, absence seizures, psychiatric comorbidities, earlier age at seizure onset, history of childhood absence epilepsy and praxis‐induced seizures.ConclusionOne‐third of people with JME were refractory, which is a higher prevalence than expected. Risk factors were identified and can be used to guide treatment and counselling of people with JME.
Influence of environmental conditions on the reproductive success and recruitment of the Argentine hake Merluccius hubbsi (southwestern Atlantic Ocean)
Authors: Marrari Marina , Macchi Gustavo J. , Santos Betina , Leonarduzzi Ezequiel 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe Argentine hake Merluccius hubbsi represents the dominant demersal fish and one of the main fisheries in the Argentine Sea. We analyzed over 17 years (September 1997–February 2015) of satellite surface chlorophyll concentration (CHL) and sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) data in the main spawning (SUB) and nursery (SJG) areas of the Patagonian stock of M. hubbsi. The variability observed in these environmental conditions was related to interannual differences in the reproductive success of hake. CHL values were maximum during austral spring (October–November) and minimum during winter (June–August). Blooms started in late September and lasted on average 128 and 110 days at SUB and SJG, respectively. At SUB, average CHL at the time of reproduction, the day of occurrence of the maximum chlorophyll concentration, and fall SST anomalies were significantly related to recruitment (RVPA) a year later and to two Larval Survival Indices (LSISSB and LSITEP) considered. At SJG, RVPA, LSISSB, and LSITEP showed negative correlations with fall (March–May) SSTA. Total egg production was not related to fall SSTA or spring phytoplankton dynamics at SUB or SJG. Significant positive trends were observed in the time series of CHL and SSTA in the study area. The trends observed in CHL represent average increases of 40.7% and 35.7% since 1997 at SUB and SJG, respectively. The potential implications of long‐term changes in environmental conditions for hake reproductive success are discussed.
Operational oceanography applied to skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) habitat monitoring and fishing in south‐western Atlantic
Authors: Coletto Juliano Lauser , Pinho Marcelo Peres , Madureira Lauro Saint Pastous 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSkipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) ranks third among marine resources that sustain global fisheries. This study delimits the spatiotemporal habitat of the species in the south‐western Atlantic Ocean, based on operational oceanography. We used generalized additive models (GAMs) and catch data from six pole‐and‐line fishing vessels operating during 2014 and 2015 fishing seasons to assess the effect of environmental variables on catch. We also analysed Modis sensor images of sea surface temperature (SST) and surface chlorophyll‐α concentration (SCC) to describe fishing ground characteristics in time and space. Catch was positively related to thermocline depth (24–45 m), SST (22–24.5°C), SCC (0.08–0.14 mg/m³) and salinity (34.9–35.8). Through SST images, we identified that thermal fronts were the main surface feature associated with a higher probability to find skipjack. Also, we state that skipjack fishery is tightly related to shelf break because bottom topography drives the position of fronts in this area. Ocean colour fronts and plankton enrichment were important proxies, accessible through SCC, used to delineate skipjack fishing grounds. Catch per unit effort (CPUE) was higher towards summer (median 14 t/fishing day) due to the oceanographic characteristics of the southern region. High productivity in this sector of the Brazilian coast defines the main skipjack feeding areas and, as a consequence, the greatest abundance and availability for fishing.
Just a FAD? Ecosystem impacts of tuna purse‐seine fishing associated with fish aggregating devices in the western Pacific Warm Pool Province
Authors: Griffiths Shane P. , Allain Valerie , Hoyle Simon D. , Lawson Tim A. , Nicol Simon J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe western and central Pacific Ocean supports the world's largest tuna fisheries. Since the 1990s, the purse‐seine fishery has increasingly fished in association with fish aggregating devices (FADs), which has increased catches of juvenile bigeye and yellowfin tunas and vulnerable bycatch species (e.g., sharks). This has raised concerns regarding the sustainability of these species’ populations and the supporting ecosystem, but may provide improved food security of Pacific Island nations through utilisation of FAD‐associated byproduct species (e.g., wahoo). An ecosystem model of the western Pacific Warm Pool Province was used to explore the potential ecological impacts of varying FAD fishing effort (±50% or 100%) over 30 years. The ecosystem has undergone a significant change in structure since 1980 from heavy exploitation of top predators (e.g., tunas) and “fishing up the food web” of high‐trophic‐level non‐target species. The ecosystem appeared resistant to simulated fishing perturbations, with only modest changes (<10%) in the biomass of most groups, although some less productive shark bycatch species decreased by up to 43%, which had a subsequent positive effect on several byproduct species, the prey of sharks. Reduction of FAD effort by at least 50% was predicted to increase the biomass of tuna species and sharks and return the ecosystem structure to a pre‐industrial‐fishing state within 10 years. Spatial disaggregation of the model and integration of economic information are recommended to better capture ecological and economic changes that may result from fishing and/or climate impacts and to develop appropriate management measures in response.
Coaching, Counseling, Case-Working: Do They Help the Older Unemployed Out of Benefit Receipt and Back Into the Labor Market?
Authors: Boockmann Bernhard , Brändle Tobias 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Intensified counseling, job search assistance and related policies have been found to be effective for labor market integration of the unemployed by a large number of studies, but the evidence for older and hard-to-place unemployed is more mixed. In this paper, we present key results for a large-scale active labor market program directed at the older unemployed in Germany. To identify the treatment effects, we exploit regional variation in program participation. We use a combination of different evaluation estimators to check the sensitivity of the results to selection, substitution and local labor market effects. We find positive effects of the program in the range of 5-10 percentage points on integration into unsubsidized employment. However, there are also substantial lock-in effects, such that program participants have a higher probability of remaining on public welfare benefit receipt for up to 1 year after commencing the program.