bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteogenic cells transfer improving root coverage: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Ferraz Bruna F. R. , Stuani Vitor T. , Passanezi Euloir , Damante Carla A. , Greghi Sebastião L. A. , de Rezende Maria Lúcia R. , Zangrando Mariana S. R. , Arruda Ivania K. C. , Sant'Ana Adriana C. P. 
Published: March 2019

Background and ObjectiveThe aim of this interventional, parallel‐assignment, single‐blinded, randomized, efficacy study was to investigate the efficacy of the treatment of gingival recessions by osteogenic cell transfer. This is the first randomized clinical trial of this nature.Material and MethodsTreatment of Miller class I or II gingival recessions >4 mm was randomly defined by casual sorting and performed by newly forming bone graft (NFBG) and coronally advanced flap (CAF) or subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) and CAF (control). Clinical examinations were performed by a single blinded examiner at baseline and at 3, 6, and 9 months after surgery. Parameters investigated were recession height (REC), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level, gingival bleeding index (GBI), plaque index (PlI), and keratinized gingiva width (KGW).ResultsBoth techniques achieved similar percentage of root coverage, but NFBG was more effective in pocket depth reduction, attachment level gain, and reduction of plaque accumulation and of bleeding on probing.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the transfer of osteogenic cells by NFBG is able to improve clinical attachment level and to cover denuded roots. NFBG can be used as an alternative treatment of deep recessions (≥4 mm), where the restoration of lost periodontal tissues is intended.
Spatiotemporal control of FlgZ activity impacts Pseudomonas aeruginosa flagellar motility
Authors: Bense Sarina , Bruchmann Sebastian , Steffen Anika , Stradal Theresia E. B. , Häussler Susanne , Düvel Juliane 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThe c‐di‐GMP‐binding effector protein FlgZ has been demonstrated to control motility in the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa and it was suggested that c‐di‐GMP‐bound FlgZ impedes motility via its interaction with the MotCD stator. To further understand how motility is downregulated in P. aeruginosa and to elucidate the general control mechanisms operating during bacterial growth, we examined the spatiotemporal activity of FlgZ. We re‐annotated the P. aeruginosaflgZ open reading frame and demonstrated that FlgZ‐mediated downregulation of motility is fine‐tuned via three independent mechanisms. First, we found that flgZ gene is transcribed independently from flgMN in stationary growth phase to increase FlgZ protein levels in the cell. Second, FlgZ localizes to the cell pole upon c‐di‐GMP binding and third, we describe that FimV, a cell pole anchor protein, is involved in increasing the polar localized c‐di‐GMP bound FlgZ to inhibit both, swimming and swarming motility. Our results shed light on the complex dynamics and spatiotemporal control of c‐di‐GMP‐dependent bacterial motility phenotypes and on how the polar anchor protein FimV, the motor brake FlgZ and the stator proteins function to repress flagella‐driven swimming and swarming motility.
Time‐resolved dissection of the molecular crosstalk driving Fusarium head blight in wheat provides new insights into host susceptibility determinism
Authors: Fabre Francis , Vignassa Manon , Urbach Serge , Langin Thierry , Bonhomme Ludovic 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFungal plant diseases are controlled by a complex molecular dialogue that involves pathogen effectors able to manipulate plant susceptibility factors at the earliest stages of the interaction. By probing the wheat–Fusarium graminearum pathosystem, we profiled the coregulations of the fungal and plant proteins shaping the molecular responses of a 96‐hr‐long infection's dynamics. Although no symptoms were yet detectable, fungal biomass swiftly increased along with an extremely diverse set of secreted proteins and candidate effectors supposed to target key plant organelles. Some showed to be early accumulated during the interaction or already present in spores, otherwise stored in germinating spores and detectable in an in vitro F. graminearum exudate. Wheat responses were swiftly set up and were evidenced before any visible symptom. Significant wheat protein abundance changes co‐occurred along with the accumulation of putative secreted fungal proteins and predicted effectors. Regulated wheat proteins were closely connected to basal cellular processes occurring during spikelet ontogeny, and particular coregulation patterns were evidenced between chloroplast proteins and fungal proteins harbouring a predicted chloroplast transit peptide. The described plant and fungal coordinated responses provide a resourceful set of data and expand our understanding of the wheat–F. graminearum interaction.
The relationship between perceived social support and depressive symptoms in informal caregivers of community‐dwelling older persons in Chile
Authors: Sandoval Felipe , Tamiya Nanako , Lloyd‐Sherlock Peter , Noguchi Haruko 
Published: March 2019

AIMDepression among caregivers of older persons is a serious concern, but it is often overlooked and neglected in developing countries. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between perceived social support and depression in informal caregivers of community‐dwelling older persons in Chile.MethodsWe analyzed cross‐sectional secondary data on 377 dyads of community‐dwelling older persons and their informal caregivers from a nationwide survey in Chile. The Duke‐UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire (FSSQ) was used to measure caregivers’ perceived social support, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale assessed their depression.ResultsIn this study, 76.9% of the caregivers perceived a high level of social support, and 46.9% were assessed as having depression. Based on multivariable analysis, factors that decrease the likelihood of being depressed are a high level of social support (odds ratio (OR) = 0.311, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.167–0.579) and having taken holidays in the past 12 months (OR = 0.513, 95%CI: 0.270–0.975). Factors that increase the likelihood of being depressed are being a female caregiver (OR = 2.296, 95%CI: 1.119–4.707), being uninsured (OR = 4.321, 95%CI: 1.750–10.672), being the partner or spouse of the care recipient (OR = 3.832, 95%CI: 1.546–9.493), and the number of hours of care (OR = 1.053, 95%CI: 1.021–1.085).ConclusionHigher levels of perceived social support and holidays were associated with lower levels of depression. However, being female, being the care recipient's partner or spouse, being uninsured, and having long care periods had detrimental effects. Interventions to preserve and enhance perceived social support could help improve depressive symptoms in informal caregivers. Additionally, support should be available to caregivers who are women, uninsured, and the care recipient's partner or spouse, as well as those who provide care for long hours, to ensure they have respite from their caregiving role.
Prevalence of elder abuse among community‐dwelling older adults in Turkey and its associated factors
Authors: Kulakçı Altıntas¸ Hülya , Korkmaz Aslan Gülbahar 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundThis study was performed to determine the prevalence of elder abuse among community‐dwelling older adults and its associated risk factors.MethodsThe sample in this cross‐sectional study consisted of 691 older adults. Data were collected with an elder abuse and neglect assessment form, which had been prepared by the researchers in accordance with the literature. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors related to subtypes of elder abuse.ResultsIn this study, 13.6% of the elderly subjects (n = 94) were exposed to at least one instance of abusive behaviour within the last year; emotional abuse was the most frequently occurring type of abuse. Risk factors for abuse were being 75 years old or older (odds ratio (OR) = 1.993, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.105–3.592), being illiterate (OR = 4.863, 95%CI: 2.809–8.417), lack of own income (OR = 2.189, 95%CI: 1.179–4.064), having bad family relationships (OR = 20.564, 95%CI: 5.453–77.554), and lack of own home (OR = 3.945,; 95%CI: 1.167–13.330).ConclusionsThe results of this study showed that abuse was an important problem for the elderly population. Therefore, elderly individuals, especially those who are 75 years old or older, have a low education level, lack their own home, and lack their own income, should be evaluated for abuse.
Counting the uncounted: The consequences of children's domestic chores for health and education in Ethiopia
Authors: Dinku Yonatan , Fielding David , Genç Murat 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMuch of the existing literature on the economics of child labor assumes that child labor is synonymous with employment in income‐generating activities. However, children also perform domestic chores, and excessive involvement in chores may be detrimental to their wellbeing. This paper investigates the effect on child health and education outcomes of participation in domestic chores as well as participation in income‐generating activities. Our data come from the 2014 Young Lives survey of Ethiopia. We use the guidelines of the 18th International Conference of Labor Statisticians and the United Nations Children's Fund to make a distinction between light work and harmful work, and apply this distinction to both domestic chores and income‐generating work. Using an instrumental variables approach, we find that involvement in harmful domestic chores is strongly associated with poor health and education outcomes. Our findings suggest that excessive involvement in domestic chores constitutes a form of child labor. Ignoring domestic chores will lead to an underestimate of the prevalence of child labor, especially among girls, whose exposure to chores is much higher, on average, than that of boys.
Etoricoxib‐induced immune hemolytic anemia: first case presenting acute kidney failure
Authors: Burgos Pratx L. , Santoro D. , Coca Mogro B. , Valiente V. L. , Camino P. , Scordo W. , Salamone H. 
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUNDEtoricoxib is a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase 2 used mainly to treat osteoarticular pain. Here, we report the case of a patient who developed acute kidney failure and immune hemolytic anemia after the use of etoricoxib.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSAn 83‐year‐old female patient developed immune hemolytic anemia and acute kidney failure after treatment with etoricoxib for articular pain. Given the acute kidney failure, she required five hemodialysis sessions. She was discharged after 17 days. The case of immune hemolytic anemia and kidney failure was fully resolved.RESULTSThe direct antiglobulin test was not only positive for IgG but also for C3b and C3d, showing a very intense reactivity (++++). The eluate's reactivity was weaker (++) and showed no defined specificity. The investigation of unexpected antibodies in the serum of the patient showed a reactivity pattern similar to the eluate's: weak reactivity without specificity. The serum of the patient was compared to urine and plasma samples of two groups of volunteers. The indirect antiglobulin test showed only a very strong reactivity with the urine samples of the volunteers who had received etoricoxib.DISCUSSIONConsidering that positive eluate is not the typical serologic profile of drug‐induced immune hemolytic anemia, developing in‐house techniques to show the causal link between them may be of interest to guide the treatment and avoid the empirical use of drugs.CONCLUSIONEtoricoxib must be considered as a possible cause of acute kidney failure in cases of immune hemolytic anemia.
Food-insecure pregnant women in South Africa: a cross-sectional exploration of maternal depression as a mediator of violence and trauma risk factors
Authors: Barnett Whitney , Pellowski Jennifer , Kuo Caroline , Koen Nastassja , Donald Kirsten A , Zar Heather J , Stein Dan J 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesBetter understanding of psychosocial risk factors for food insecurity (FI) during pregnancy and how they interact is crucial, given long-term health implications for maternal and child health. We investigated the association between maternal childhood trauma as well as intimate partner violence (IPV) and FI among pregnant women in South Africa, in the Drakenstein Child Health Study, and whether maternal depression mediates these relationships.SettingTwo primary care clinics in Paarl, South Africa.Participants992 pregnant women; inclusion criteria were clinic attendance and remaining in area for at least 1 year; women were excluded if a minor.MethodsWe examined psychosocial predictors of FI using multivariate regression. Mediation analyses investigated whether depression mediated the relationship between IPV and FI as well as between childhood trauma and FI, including disaggregation by two study communities. FI was assessed using an adapted US Department of Agriculture food security scale; households were coded as food insecure where 2 of 5 affirmative responses were recorded.ResultsAmong 992 pregnant women, there were high rates of IPV (7%–27%), depression (24%) and childhood trauma (34%). In multivariate cross-sectional analysis, emotional IPV (adjusted OR [aOR] 1.60; 95% CI 1.04 to 2.46), depression (aOR 1.05; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.08) and childhood trauma (aOR 1.52; 95% CI 1.08 to 2.15) predicted FI. In mediation models, depression partially mediated the relationship between emotional IPV and FI as well as physical IPV and FI; depression partially mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and FI. Differing degrees of mediation were found when applied to communities.ConclusionsAntenatal maternal depression, IPV and childhood trauma were highly prevalent and associated with FI. Depression, IPV and trauma screening services should be considered within routine antenatal care and may offer an opportunity to identify and intervene. Community-level differences in risk and in mediation analyses indicate that contextual tailoring of interventions may be important.
Women’s autonomy and utilisation of maternal healthcare services in 31 Sub-Saharan African countries: results from the demographic and health surveys, 2010–2016
Authors: Chol Chol , Negin Joel , Agho Kingsley Emwinyore , Cumming Robert Graham 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesTo examine the association between women’s autonomy and the utilisation of maternal healthcare services across 31 Sub-Saharan African countries.Design, setting and participantsWe analysed the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) (2010–2016) data collected from married women aged 15–49 years. We used four DHS measures related to women’s autonomy: attitude towards domestic violence, attitude towards sexual violence, decision making on spending of household income made by the women solely or jointly with husbands and decision making on major household purchases made by the women solely or jointly with husbands. We used multiple logistic regression analyses to examine the association between women’s autonomy and the utilisation of maternal healthcare services adjusted for five potential confounders: place of residence, age at birth of the last child, household wealth, educational attainment and working status. Adjusted ORs (aORs) and 95% CI were used to produce the forest plots.Outcome measuresThe primary outcome measures were the utilisation of ≥4 antenatal care visits and delivery by skilled birth attendants (SBA).ResultsPooled results for all 31 countries (194 883 women) combined showed weak statistically significant associations between all four measures of women’s autonomy and utilisation of maternal healthcare services (aORs ranged from 1.07 to 1.15). The strongest associations were in the Southern African region. For example, the aOR for women who made decisions on household income solely or jointly with husbands in relation to the use of SBAs in the Southern African region was 1.44 (95% CI 1.21 to 1.70). Paradoxically, there were three countries where women with higher autonomy on some measures were less likely to use maternal healthcare services. For example, the aOR in Senegal for women who made decisions on major household purchases solely or jointly with husbands in relation to the use of SBAs (aOR=0.74 95% CI 0.59 to 0.94).ConclusionOur results revealed a weak relationship between women’s autonomy and the utilisation of maternal healthcare services. More research is needed to understand why these associations are not stronger.
Receiving a prenatal diagnosis of Down syndrome by phone: a qualitative study of the experiences of pregnant couples
Authors: Lou Stina , Carstensen Kathrine , Vogel Ida , Hvidman Lone , Nielsen Camilla Palmhøj , Lanther Maja , Petersen Olav Bjørn 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesTo examine how pregnant couples experience receiving a prenatal diagnosis of Down syndrome (DS) by phone—a practice that has been routine care in the Central Denmark Region for years.DesignQualitative interview study.SettingParticipants were recruited from hospitals in Central Denmark Region, Denmark.ParticipantsCouples who had received a prenatal diagnosis of DS by phone and decided to terminate the pregnancy. They were recruited from the obstetric department where the termination was undertaken. During the study period (February 2016 to July 2017), 21 semistructured, audio-recorded interviews were conducted by an experienced anthropologist. Interviews were conducted 4–22 weeks after the diagnosis and analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsA prearranged phone call was considered an acceptable practice. However, the first theme’Expected but unexpected'shows how the call often came earlier than expected. Consequently, most women were not with their partner and were thus initially alone with their grief and furthermore responsible for informing their partner, which some considered difficult. The second theme’Now what?'shows how during the phone calls, physicians were quick to enquire about the couples’ agendas. As the majority had already decided to seek termination of pregnancy, the dialogue focused on related questions and arrangements. Only half of the couples received additional counselling.ConclusionA prearranged phone call was considered an acceptable and appropriate practice. However, some aspects of this practice (particularly related to the context of the call) showed to be less than optimal for the couples. To make sure that a diagnostic result is delivered in accordance with the couples' needs and requests, the context of the call could be addressed and agreed on in advance by physicians and couples.
Breastfeeding initiation and duration in Chile: understanding the social and health determinants
Authors: Farkas Chamarrita , Girard Lisa-Christine 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundGiven the support for the numerous benefits of breastfeeding, a better understanding of social and health determinants is necessary, particularly in under-researched populations. We examined determinants of breastfeeding initiation and duration using a national cohort of Chilean mothers.MethodsParticipants included 13 738 families enrolled in the Encuesta Longitudinal de la Primera Infancia cohort. Data were collected in 2010 and 2012. Families from all regions of the country were considered. Breastfeeding information was collected via maternal report and standardised assessments were used to collect information on maternal IQ and personality. Logistic and linear regressions were used to identify predictors of breastfeeding initiation and duration.ResultsBreastfeeding was initiated by 95.2% of mothers. Variation in duration of breastfeeding was large, ranging from 1 to 48 months (M = 11.74; SD = 8.74). Maternal IQ, low-risk prenatal behaviours, conditions at birth and the presence of a partner were relevant predictors of both initiation and duration of breastfeeding, whereas personality and contextual/socioeconomic factors were relevant only for breastfeeding duration. Differences between regions were observed. Rates of caesarean deliveries are alarmingly high and triple that of the global WHO recommendations, at 45% of deliveries in Chile, which are implicated in both initiation and duration.ConclusionsBreastfeeding rates exceed Chilean target goals although vary by region. Global targets now need to be focused on. Social and health determinants are implicated in both initiation and duration of breastfeeding. These findings suggest important targets for policy development and breastfeeding initiatives in Chile, particularly concerning the reduction of surgical deliveries.
Detection of Intravascular Epidural Catheters Using 2-Chloroprocaine: Influence of Local Anesthetic Dose and Nalbuphine Premedication
Authors: Rathmell James P. , Viscomi Christopher M. , Ashikaga Takamaru 
Published: March 2019

Background and ObjectivesDetecting the intravascular placement of epidural catheters is essential to avoid local anesthetic toxicity. Small doses of intravenous local anesthetics produce changes in sensorium and are often used to test newly placed epidural catheters. Many parturients receive nalbuphine for analgesia prior to epidural catheter placement. This study examines how nalbuphine premedication influences symptoms following intravenous 2-chloroprocaine.MethodsThirty-one volunteers were randomized to receive premedication with placebo or 0.15 mg/kg of nalbuphine intravenously. Starting 10 minutes later, intravenous injections of 0.0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, and 1.5 mg/kg of 2-chloroprocaine were given in random order at 10 minute intervals. After each injection, volunteers were asked to report changes in hearing, taste, or other symptoms.ResultsSymptoms reported (in decreasing order of frequency) were auditory changes, taste changes, dizziness/lightheadedness, tingling in the extremities, and visual changes. The probability that volunteers will report symptoms is proportional to the dose of 2-chloroprocaine administered (auditory symptoms, P < .001; taste symptoms, P = .01; any symptoms, P < .001). Nalbuphine-premedicated volunteers were more likely to report symptoms (auditory symptoms, P = .004; taste symptoms, P = .004; any symptoms, P = .02). A dose of at least 1.5 mg/kg appears to be necessary to produce a 90% probability that patients will report symptoms when they receive 2-chloroprocaine intravenously.ConclusionsThis study suggests that patients who receive nalbuphine for analgesia prior to epidural placement will be more likely to report symptoms after receiving intravenous 2-chloroprocaine during epidural test dosing.