bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived benefits of and barriers to psychosocial risk screening in pediatric oncology by health care providers
Authors: Barrera Maru , Alexander Sarah , Shama Wendy , Mills Denise , Desjardins Leandra , Hancock Kelly 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundAlthough systematic psychosocial screening has been established as a standard of psychosocial care in pediatric oncology, this is not yet widely implemented in clinical practice. Limited information is available regarding the reasons behind this. In this study, we investigated perceptions of psychosocial screening by health care providers (HCPs) involved in pediatric cancer care.MethodsUsing purposeful sampling, 26 HCPs (11 oncologists, 8 nurses, and 7 social workers) from a large North American pediatric cancer center participated in semistructured interviews. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Themes were then derived using content analysis.ResultsThe themes were organized into perceived benefits of and barriers to psychosocial risk screening, and practical issues regarding implementation. Perceived benefits of screening included obtaining concise documentation of family psychosocial risk, identifying psychosocial factors important to medical treatment, starting a conversation, and triaging patients to psychosocial services. Barriers included perceived limited institutional support, commitment, and resources for psychosocial services, limited knowledge and appreciation of existing evidence‐based validated tools, concerns about diverse family cultural backgrounds regarding psychosocial issues and language proficiency, and HCPs’ personal values regarding psychosocial screening. Finally, practical issues of implementation including training in psychosocial risk screening, when and how to screen were discussed.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the importance of addressing HCPs’ perceptions of benefits, barriers, and practical issues regarding implementing psychosocial risk screening.
Generic formulations of imatinib for treatment of Philadelphia chromosome–positive leukemia in pediatric patients
Authors: Suttorp Meinolf , Metzler Markus , Millot Frederic , Shimada Hiroyuki , Bansal Deepak , Günes Adalet Meral , Kalwak Krzysztof , Sedlacek Petr , Baruchel Andre , Biondi Andrea , Hijiya Nobuko , Schultz Kirk R. , Schrappe Martin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSince the patent for imatinib has expired, the role of generic imatinib (GI) in the management of Philadelphia chromosome–positive (Ph+) leukemia in pediatric patients has had ongoing discussion. Some studies in adults demonstrated that equivalent doses of GI and branded imatinib (BI) result in comparable plasma concentrations and clinical efficacy. However, other studies found that GI users are more likely to stop imatinib, with intolerance and decreased persistence as the main causes. Economic factors also heavily influence GI selection. This article aims to review the present knowledge to support further discussion on the role of GI in the management of pediatric Ph+ leukemia.
The influence of pH, hydrolysis and degree of substitution on the temperature‐sensitive properties of polyaspartamides
Authors: Vega‐Chacón Jaime , Debone Piazza Rodolfo , Costa Marques Rodrigo Fernando , Elaissari Abdelhamid , Jafelicci Miguel 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTemperature‐sensitive polyaspartamide obtained by the aminolysis reaction of polysuccinimide with isopropylamine has been proposed as a good material for biomedical applications. The polymer is susceptible to hydrolysis producing carboxyl groups; thus the temperature‐sensitive behavior of the polymer depends on pH. A set of polyaspartamides was synthesized with different degrees of hydrolysis (DH) and substitution (DS). The influence of DH, DS and pH on the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the polyaspartamides was studied. The LCST of the polyaspartamides increases as the pH increases and at the same pH the polymer with higher DH presents a higher LCST. Also, at the same pH an increment in the DS produces a decrease in the LCST. These tendencies are explained by the presence of a carboxylate group on the polyaspartamide structure. The behaviors can be tailored as functions of DS and DH enabling the use of temperature‐sensitive polyaspartamide in different biomedical applications where pH and/or temperature changes will trigger a drug delivery. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Born This Way: Using Intrinsic Disorder to Map the Connections between SLITRKs, TSHR, and Male Sexual Orientation
Authors: Basavanhally Tara , Fonseca Renée , Uversky Vladimir N. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRecently, genome‐wide association study reveals a significant association between specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in men and their sexual orientation. These SNPs (rs9547443 and rs1035144) reside in the intergenic region between the SLITRK5 and SLITRK6 genes and in the intronic region of the TSHR gene and might affect functionality of SLITRK5, SLITRK6, and TSHR proteins that are engaged in tight control of key developmental processes, such as neurite outgrowth and modulation, cellular differentiation, and hormonal regulation. SLITRK5 and SLITRK6 are single‐pass transmembrane proteins, whereas TSHR is a heptahelical G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR). Mutations in these proteins are associated with various diseases and are linked to phenotypes found at a higher rate in homosexual men. A bioinformatics analysis of SLITRK5, SLITRK6, and TSHR proteins is conducted to look at their structure, protein interaction networks, and propensity for intrinsic disorder. It is assumed that this information might improve understanding of the roles that SLITRK5, SLITRK6, and TSHR play within neuronal and thyroidal tissues and give insight into the phenotypes associated with male homosexuality.
Elevation of modulus and elongation of semicrystalline polyurethanes
Authors: Zhai Jinxian , Wamuo Onyenkachi , Zhao Weiwei , Tao Xueyu , Hsu Shaw Ling , Slark Andrew 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTPolyurethanes were synthesized based on an amorphous polyester polyol, and different chain extenders, comparing the universally accepted symmetric chain extender (1,4‐butanediol) with an asymmetric (1,2‐propanediol) chain extender. The effect of incorporating a crystalline polyester polyol polyhexamethylene adipate (PHMA) was investigated. The resulting morphologies and tensile properties are dramatically different. Based on the thermal and infrared data obtained, the sample with the symmetric chain extender exhibits a phase‐separated morphology, which can change as a function of time and temperature. Conversely, the polyurethane with the asymmetric chain extender has a phase mixed morphology that remains stable under the same experimental conditions. Incorporating crystalline PHMA resulted in a substantial change in the mechanical properties of the materials, especially for the copolymer comprising asymmetric chain extender. The rate of crystallization and the degree of crystallization achieved depended on the type of chain extender used. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018
Efficacy of psychosocial and physical activity‐based interventions to improve body image among women treated for breast cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Lewis‐Smith Helena , Diedrichs Phillippa Claire , Rumsey Nichola , Harcourt Diana 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveBody image concerns warrant attention among women who have undergone treatment for breast cancer, due to their significant consequences for psychological and physical health, and interpersonal relationships. This paper systematically reviews the effectiveness of interventions on body image outcomes among this group, in order to inform health care provision and strategic directions for research.MethodsFourteen electronic databases were searched for articles published between 1992 and 2017 that evaluated interventions with women who had undergone treatment for breast cancer in controlled trials with at least one body image measure. Data were extracted and studies were assessed for their methodological quality using the Cochrane Collaboration tool for assessing risk of bias.ResultsTwenty‐one articles evaluating 26 interventions met inclusion criteria. Nine interventions significantly improved body image at either post‐test or follow‐up (ds = 0.15‐1.43), with none reporting sustained effects across all time points. Effective interventions comprised psychotherapy, psychoeducation, or physical activity, were delivered at different treatment stages and mostly adopted a multisession, face‐to‐face, group format. However, only 4 interventions were evaluated within methodologically rigorous studies and are therefore recommended for use by health professionals aiming to improve the body image of women at different stages of treatment for breast cancer.ConclusionsTo advance the field, we recommend a less biomedical disease‐ and treatment‐focused approach to interventions, and instead a more biopsychosocial theoretical approach targeting broader modifiable psychosocial influences upon body image. Replication and randomised controlled trials of greater rigour are also required to improve the methodological quality of studies.
Thermokarst pond dynamics in subarctic environment monitoring with radar remote sensing
Authors: Wang Lingxiao , Jolivel Maxime , Marzahn Philip , Bernier Monique , Ludwig Ralf 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPermafrost degradation can be monitored through changes in the surface area and depth of thermokarst ponds. Radar remote sensing allows for discrimination of thermokarst ponds of different depths across large areas because different water depths produce different ice regimes in winter. In this study, patterns in the spatial distribution of ice‐cover regimes of thermokarst ponds in a typical discontinuous permafrost region are first revealed. Correlations of these ice‐cover regimes with the permafrost degradation states and thermokarst pond development in two historical phases were analyzed and compared. The results indicate that the ice‐cover regimes of thermokarst ponds are affected by soil texture, permafrost degradation stage and permafrost depth. Permafrost degradation is difficult to assess directly from the coverage area of floating‐ice ponds and the percentage of all thermokarst ponds consisting of such floating‐ice ponds in a single year. Therefore, continuous monitoring of ice‐cover regimes and surface areas can help to elucidate the hydrological trajectory of the thermokarst process and permafrost state.
Spatial demography: A unifying core and agenda for further research
Authors: Raymer James , Willekens Frans , Rogers Andrei 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWith increases in the availability of geo‐referenced data, there has been a push for developing better methods to study demographic processes across space. This paper reviews the recent developments in “spatial demography” and argues that an important aspect has been neglected, namely, the focus on the dynamics and interactions of population change across space, which is an area that should be central to the field. Frameworks for analysing spatial demography were first proposed in multiregional demography. This paper revisits these methods and then describes how methods developed by geographers, economists, and other social scientists for analysing spatial data may be better integrated to study spatial population dynamics.
Phenethyl isothiocyanate inhibits colorectal cancer stem cells by suppressing Wnt/β‐catenin pathway
Authors: Chen Yue , Li Yuan , Wang Xiao‐qian , Meng Yu , Zhang Qi , Zhu Jian‐yun , Chen Jia‐qi , Cao Wan‐shuang , Wang Xue‐qi , Xie Chun‐feng , Li Xiao‐ting , Geng Shan‐shan , Wu Jie‐shu , Zhong Cai‐yun , Han Hong‐yu 
Published: August 2018

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered to play essential roles in the process of origination, proliferation, migration, and invasion of cancer, and their properties are regulated by Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) is a natural product obtained from cruciferous vegetables with anticancer activities. The present study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect and the underlying mechanisms of PEITC on colorectal CSCs. In this study, we found that PEITC can significantly reduce the size and number of colorectal cancer cell spheroids in serum‐free medium. With increasing PEITC concentrations (10–40 μM), the number of spheroids was reduced to about 10% of the control group, and the percentage of CD133+ cells was decreased by about 3–16 folds. PEITC also decreased the expression of CSC markers. Meanwhile, inhibition of proliferation as well as induction of apoptosis of colorectal CSCs was observed after PEITC treatment. Furthermore, through activating Wnt/β‐catenin pathway with LiCl, the inhibitory effects of PEITC on colorectal CSCs were diminished. Our data suggested that PEITC can be an effective inhibitor of colorectal CSCs by targeting Wnt/β‐catenin pathway.
Selective fragmentation of the N‐glycan moiety and protein backbone of ribonuclease B on an Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid mass spectrometer
Authors: Li Shasha , Zhou Yue , Xiao Kaijie , Li Jing , Tian Zhixin 
Published: August 2018

RationaleThe functional study and application of an intact glycoprotein require the structural characterization of both the protein backbone and the glycan moiety; the former has been successfully demonstrated with selective fragmentation of the protein backbone in CID and ExD; whether the latter can be achieved with selective fragmentation of the glycan moiety remains to be explored.MethodsRNase B solution was electrosprayed and its intact glycoforms of GlcNAc2Mann (n = 5–9) with the highest abundance (charge state z = 16) were isolated individually and fragmented using CID, ETD, HCD, ETciD, and EThcD on the Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid mass spectrometer; the dissociation parameters were optimized for selective fragmentation of the N‐glycan moiety and protein backbone as well as high sequence coverage. The obtained spectra were interpreted using the protein and N‐glycan database search engines ProteinGoggle and GlySeeker, respectively.ResultsWith exploration of different dissociation parameters for all the five methods, selective fragmentation of the N‐glycan moiety (the protein backbone staying intact) was observed in both HCD and EThcD at low collisional energies, but only a few matched product ions were observed; more comprehensive fragmentation was observed at high collisional energies (the protein backbone lost). Selective protein backbone fragmentation was observed in all the five dissociation methods.ConclusionsFor comprehensive structural characterization of intact N‐glycoproteins using tandem mass spectrometry, the composition and topology of the N‐glycan moiety can be identified using HCD and EThcD complementarily at low and high energies; while the amino acid sequence and glycosite can be identified using CID, ETD, HCD, ETciD, and EThcD with their optimal dissociation parameters.
Identifying optimal hauling densities for adult Chinook salmon trap and haul operations
Authors: Colvin Michael E. , Peterson James T. , Sharpe Cameron , Kent Michael L. , Schreck Carl B. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTrap and haul programmes are used to conserve fish populations by circumventing high mortality locations or events and enhancing population abundance by reintroducing fish to historical habitats and mitigating for fish passage limitations. Spring‐run Chinook salmon are transported in trucks upstream of barrier dams in Willamette River Tributaries as part of fish conservation efforts. Fish mortalities occurring during hauling minimize the utility of the effort because natural origin fish are targeted for theses outplanting efforts. The objectives of this study were to develop models predicting hauling mortality and identify optimal hauling densities that minimize mortality risk and effort. We used an information‐theoretic approach to evaluate multiple models predicting hauling mortality. Predictors identified varied between the two dams evaluated but were related to operations and annual or in‐river conditions. The amount of time loading fish and the density of fish in tank trucks were positively associated with hauling mortality. Instream flows and thermal exposure were also identified as factors predicting with hauling mortality. We used the results of model selection to predict mortality risk and calculate daily hauling effort. Risk and effort were combined into a utility to identify optimal hauling densities for varying numbers of fish to haul and transport truck volume. Optimal hauling densities varied between dams reflecting whether loading time or hauling density was associated with hauling mortality. This analysis provides managers a way to integrate research, monitoring, and management to improve understanding of factors associated with hauling mortality and adjust optimal hauling densities using adaptive management.
Slope and soil nutrients can explain the distribution of Phragmites australis and Phragmites japonica in riparian wetlands
Authors: Park Hyun Jun , Nam Bo Eun , Hong Mun Gi , Kim Jae Geun 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSelecting appropriate plant species is required for effective vegetational restoration. Phragmites australis and Phragmites japonica are large perennial grasses frequently used for restoration of wetland ecosystems. They have different distribution ranges along stream. We analysed plant density, stream slope, and physicochemical characteristics of soil at their habitats to distinguish environmental factors responsible for the distribution ranges. P. japonica was distributed at upper stream side with average slope of 8.4 m/km whereas P. australis inhabited at lower stream side with average slope of 1.7 m/km. Moisture content, organic matter, PO4‐P, NH4‐N, K+, and Ca2+ contents in soil were significantly higher at habitats of P. australis than those at habitats of P. japonica. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that NH4‐N, K+, and organic matter contents had the strongest influences on the density of these two species. The density of P. australis and P. japonica can be explained by the following multiple linear regression models with soil NH4‐N and K+ contents: DPJ = 97.471–0.052CNH4‐N − 0.185CK and DPA = 7.533 + 0.135CNH4‐N + 0.032CK (DPA = Density of P. australis, DPJ = Density of P. japonica, CNH4‐N = Content of NH4‐N, CK = Content of K+). These models can be used as references to select P. japonica or P. australis for restoring stream ecosystem.
Selective, Efficient and Gram‐Scale Oxidation of Alcohols Using Household Bleach in the Presence of Fe3O4@Boehmite‐NH2‐CoII Nanoparticles
Authors: Zamani Masoumeh , Akhlaghinia Batool , Mohammadinezhad Arezou 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA new magnetic nanostructured core–shell‐like Fe3O4@Boehmite‐NH2‐CoII NPs as an environmentally friendly heterogeneous catalyst reported earlier by our group, has been found to be very effective for the oxidation of alcohols in aqueous media using household bleach at room temperature. The method has been applied for the oxidation of a range of primary and secondary benzylic, allylic and aliphatic alcohols with variable functionalities in excellent yields and selectivity. An aqueous medium, magnetic separation by an external magnetic field, low catalyst loading and catalyst reusability up to six runs without significant decrease in catalytic activity made the present procedure sustainable, economically viable and better than the most previously reported protocols.
Self‐Assembled Metal–Phenolic Networks on Emulsions as Low‐Fouling and pH‐Responsive Particles
Authors: Besford Quinn A. , Ju Yi , Wang Ting‐Yi , Yun Gyeongwon , Cherepanov PavelV. , Hagemeyer Christoph E. , Cavalieri Francesca , Caruso Frank 
Published: August 2018

AbstractInterfacial self‐assembly is a powerful organizational force for fabricating functional nanomaterials, including nanocarriers, for imaging and drug delivery. Herein, the interfacial self‐assembly of pH‐responsive metal–phenolic networks (MPNs) on the liquid–liquid interface of oil‐in‐water emulsions is reported. Oleic acid emulsions of 100–250 nm in diameter are generated by ultrasonication, to which poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐based polyphenolic ligands are assembled with simultaneous crosslinking by metal ions, thus forming an interfacial MPN. PEG provides a protective barrier on the emulsion phase and renders the emulsion low fouling. The MPN‐coated emulsions have a similar size and dispersity, but an enhanced stability when compared with the uncoated emulsions, and exhibit a low cell association in vitro, a blood circulation half‐life of ≈50 min in vivo, and are nontoxic to healthy mice. Furthermore, a model anticancer drug, doxorubicin, can be encapsulated within the emulsion phase at a high loading capacity (≈5 fg of doxorubicin per emulsion particle). The MPN coating imparts pH‐responsiveness to the drug‐loaded emulsions, leading to drug release at cell internalization pH and a potent cell cytotoxicity. The results highlight a straightforward strategy for the interfacial nanofabrication of pH‐responsive emulsion–MPN systems with potential use in biomedical applications.
Critical Annealing Temperature for Stacking Orientation of Bilayer Graphene
Authors: Zhu Zhenwei , Zhan Linjie , Shih Tien‐Mo , Wan Wen , Lu Jie , Huang Junjie , Guo Shengshi , Zhou Yinghui , Cai Weiwei 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIt is rarely reported that stacking orientations of bilayer graphene (BLG) can be manipulated by the annealing process. Most investigators have painstakingly fabricated this BLG by chemical vapor deposition growth or mechanical means. Here, it is discovered that, at ≈600 °C, called the critical annealing temperature (CAT), most stacking orientations collapse into strongly coupled or AB‐stacked states. This phenomenon is governed (i) macroscopically by the stress generation and release in top graphene domains, evolving from mild ripples to sharp billows in certain local areas, and (ii) microscopically by the principle of minimal potential obeyed by carbon atoms that have acquired sufficient thermal energy at CAT. Conspicuously, evolutions of stacking orientations in Raman mappings under various annealing temperatures are observed. Furthermore, MoS2 synthesized on BLG is used to directly observe crystal orientations of top and bottom graphene layers. The finding of CAT provides a guide for the fabrication of strongly coupled or AB‐stacked BLG, and can be applied to aligning other 2D heterostructures.
SnS2 Nanosheets Coating on Nanohollow Cubic CoS2/C for Ultralong Life and High Rate Capability Half/Full Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Shi Ludi , Li Dongzhi , Yao Pingping , Yu Jiali , Li Cuihua , Yang Bo , Zhu Caizhen , Xu Jian 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted tremendous interest and become a worldwide research hotpot owing to their low cost and abundant resources. To obtain suitable anode materials with excellent performance for SIBs, an effective and controllable strategy is presented to fabricate SnS2 nanosheets coating on nanohollow cubic CoS2/C (CoS2/C@SnS2) composites with a hollow structure using Co‐metal‐organic frameworks as the starting material. As anodes for SIBs, the CoS2/C@SnS2 electrode exhibits ultralong cycle life and excellent rate performance, which can maintain a high specific capacity of 400.1 mAh g−1 even after 3500 cycles at a current density of 10 A g−1. When used in a full‐cell, it also shows enhanced sodium storage properties and delivers a high reversible capacity of 567.3 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 1 A g−1. This strategy can pave a way for preparing various metal sulfides with fascinating structure and excellent performance for the potential application in energy storage area.