bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current State of Neuromodulation for Constipation and Fecal Incontinence in Children: A Systematic Review
Authors: Iacona Roberta , Ramage Lisa , Malakounides Georgina 
Published: January 2019

Background Neuromodulation is the application of electrical stimulation on nerve fibers to modulate the neuronal activity. Its use for chronic constipation and fecal incontinence has increased in popularity over the past few years. Invasive and noninvasive techniques are currently available. We reviewed the current literature on the application of the neuromodulation techniques in the management of chronic constipation and fecal incontinence in children.
Materials and Methods A search of Healthcare Database Advanced Search, Embase, Medline, and Cochrane database was performed in accordance with PRISMA guideline. Terms used in the search included neuromodulation, nerve stimulation, fecal/fecal incontinence, incontinence, constipation, children, and pediatric/pediatric.
Results Two-hundred forty-one papers were screened. Fourteen papers were included for the systematic review: seven were selected for the ISNM (implantable sacral nerve modulation) technique, one for the transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation), one for the transcutaneous sacral nerve modulation), and five for the transcutaneous interferential sacral nerve stimulation. Results showed an overall improvement in constipation symptoms in 79 to 85.7% of patients, resolution of symptoms in 40%, reduced use of ACE stoma/transanal irrigation system in 12.5 to 38.4%, and improvement in incontinence symptoms in 75%. High complication rate was reported (17–50%) in the ISNM group. No complications were reported in the non-invasive group.
Conclusion Neuromodulation is a promising tool in the management of constipation refractory to medical treatment and fecal incontinence in children. Noninvasive techniques provide good results with no complications. A longer term follow-up will provide more information regarding patient compliance and sustainability of benefits of these new techniques.
Residual Mild Varus Alignment and Neutral Mechanical Alignment Have Similar Outcome after Total Knee Arthroplasty for Varus Osteoarthritis in Five-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Zhang Zhiqi , Liu Can , Li Zhiwen , Wu Peihui , Hu Shu , Liao Weiming 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe effect of residual varus on survival rate and function in patients with varus knee osteoarthritis (OA) was considered an important issue for successful primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). In this study, we compared the midterm clinical and functional outcomes in patients with different residual varus. A retrospective review of 175 patients (219 knees) with varus OA was > 3° for the hip-knee-ankle (HKA) who underwent primary TKA after exclusions and loss to follow-up from 237 patients (281 knees). The mean follow-up period was 5.2 ( ±  1.1) years. Patients were divided into four groups according to the first postoperative HKA angle from weight-bearing full-leg radiographs: “valgus” group (HKA angle > 0°, n = 44), “neutral” group (–3° ≤ HKA angle < 0°, n = 86), “mild varus” group (–6° ≤ HKA angle < –3°, n = 62), and “severe varus” group (HKA angle < –6°, n = 27). Survival analysis, Knee Society Score (KSS, including knee score and functional score), and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) were compared among the four groups. No knee required revision surgery during follow-up. For the KSS knee score and functional score at the last follow-up, the neutral and mild varus groups were better compared with the valgus and severe varus groups (p < 0.05), and there were no significant differences between the neutral and mild varus groups (p > 0.05). WOMAC scores of the neutral and mild varus groups were also better compared with the valgus and severe varus groups (p < 0.05), and there were no significant differences between the neutral and mild varus groups at the last follow-up. The postoperative HKA angle was significantly changed in valgus group between first and at the last follow-up when compared with the other three groups (p < 0.05). Leaving an HKA angle at < 6° varus had the same excellent functional outcome as neutral mechanical alignment after TKA for varus-type OA in the 5-year follow-up, using mechanically aligned technique. Caution is advised when leaving valgus or leaving severe varus after TKA.
Homozygous TANGO2 Single Nucleotide Variants Presenting with Additional Manifestations Resembling Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood–Expanding the Phenotype of a Recently Reported Condition
Authors: Hicks Melissa , Huq A.H.M. , Agarwal Rajkumar , Sen Kuntal 
Published: January 2019

Case We report a 15-year-old Indian girl born to a consanguineous couple, who presented with epilepsy, developmental delay, neuroregression, and episodes of alternating hemiparesis. In addition, she had one episode of rhabdomyolysis at the age of 7 years. Extensive genetic and metabolic work up through the years was unrevealing. Eventually a trio whole exome sequencing (WES) revealed homozygous single nucleotide variants in TANGO2 gene.
Discussion TANGO2 related recurrent metabolic crises with encephalomyopathy and cardiac arrhythmias were described very recently and only 15 cases were reported in literature at the time of writing. Alternating hemiplegia of childhood which was seen in our patient, has not been described in previous patients with TANGO2 mutation, and thereby expands the emerging phenotypic spectrum of this novel entity. This report also reiterates the utility of WES in diagnosing newly recognized neurogenetic conditions.
The Role of Endonasal Endoscopic Optic Nerve Decompression as the Initial Management of Primary Optic Nerve Sheath Meningiomas
Authors: Maza Guillermo , Subramaniam Somasundaram , Yanez-Siller Juan C. , Otto Bradley A. , Prevedello Daniel M. , Carrau Ricardo L. 
Published: January 2019

Background The management of optic nerve sheath meningiomas (ONSMs) remains controversial. Surgical decompression through traditional resective techniques has been associated with significant morbidity. While radiation therapy, the current modality of choice is not exempt of risks.Transnasal endoscopic optic nerve decompression (EOND) offers a direct route to the orbit, optic canal, and orbital apex, providing a minimally invasive alternative.
Objective The main objective of this article is to assess EOND as the initial management of symptomatic patients with primary ONSM.
Methods Patients with ONSMs without a history of radiotherapy who underwent EOND were retrospectively reviewed. Postoperative imaging, duration of follow-up, and visual outcomes at the last ophthalmology visit were assessed.
Results Four women (age range 25–63 years) with primary ONSMs that underwent EOND were identified. All patients displayed subjective and objective baseline signs of vision loss. Additionally, baseline proptosis, diplopia, optic nerve atrophy, and ocular pain were identified. In none of the cases, the optic nerve sheath was breached.Following EOND, all patients deferred treatment with adjuvant radiotherapy. At a mean postoperative follow-up of 14 months, all patients were clinically stable without evidence of disease progression on imaging or physical examination. At last ophthalmologic evaluation, three out of four showed objective improvements from baseline visual acuity and visual field (remaining patient had baseline optic nerve atrophy).
Conclusion These results suggest that EOND could be a viable initial treatment modality of selected primary ONSM cases. Further studies are warranted to determine long-term efficacy and its role in a stepwise progression of management, preceding radiotherapy.
Improving housing and neighborhoods for the vulnerable: older people, small households, urban design, and planning
Authors: Forsyth Ann , Molinsky Jennifer , Kan Har Ye 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe number of older people who need help with daily tasks will increase during the next century. Currently preferences and policies aim to help older people to stay in their existing homes, to age in place, even as they become less able to care for themselves and, increasingly, live alone. However, the majority of homes in the U.S. and many other countries are not designed to support advanced old age or are not located to easily provide support and services. The paper explores the needs of older people experiencing frailty. It examines the existing range of innovations to make neighbourhoods and homes more supportive, physically, socially, and in terms of services. These include: enriching neighbourhoods, providing collective services, building all-age neighbourhoods, creating purpose-built supportive housing, developing smallscale intergenerational models, and engaging mobility, delivery, and communications innovations. Some will allow people to remain in their current dwelling but others focus on people remaining in a local community. Few are widely available at present. Urban designers can more fully engage with the multiple challenges of those who have physical, sensory, and cognitive impairments and living in solo households by becoming champions for a more comprehensive set of public realm improvements and linkages.
Homogeneous electrocatalytic oxidation of ammonia to N
2
under mild conditions
Authors: Habibzadeh Faezeh , Miller Susanne L. , Hamann Thomas W. , Smith Milton R. 
Published: January 2019

Significance
Water oxidation fixes carbon dioxide producing ∼100 gigatons (GT) of carbohydrates annually. Living organisms convert the stored chemical energy back to carbon dioxide and water through respiration. An analogous cycle can be envisioned whereby hydrogen gas is stored as ammonia, synthesized from atmospherically ubiquitous dinitrogen. Biological and industrial reduction of dinitrogen is currently estimated to produce 0.3–0.5 GT of ammonia annually. An important reaction in such a proposed nitrogen-based hydrogen storage and distribution scheme is the oxidation of ammonia back to dinitrogen and the protons and electrons that regenerate hydrogen gas. While inorganic materials can oxidize ammonia to dinitrogen, protons, and electrons, no molecular species are known to catalyze this reaction.
Whole-chromosome paints in maize reveal rearrangements, nuclear domains, and chromosomal relationships
Authors: Albert Patrice S. , Zhang Tao , Semrau Kassandra , Rouillard Jean-Marie , Kao Yu-Hsin , Wang Chung-Ju Rachel , Danilova Tatiana V. , Jiang Jiming , Birchler James A. 
Published: January 2019

Significance
Whole-chromosome oligo-FISH paints using synthetic oligonucleotide libraries that can be amplified and labeled were generated for all 10 chromosomes of maize, facilitating chromosome studies with high sensitivity and specificity for genetically diverse lines. Applications include visualization of simple or complex chromosomal aberrations, establishment of chromosomal domains, illustration of mitotic and meiotic behavior, and providing insights into chromosomal relationships.
More or less “translation”
Authors: Kothari Rita , Shah Krupa 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This essay aims to theorise the present moment of translation in India without losing sight of its historical and contemporary understandings. It traces in the pre-modern moment, a range of linguistic negotiations to destabilise a theory of an absence of translation and dwells on perceptions of linguistic difference to show what ‘translation’ meant in pre-modern India. We demonstrate subsequently how colonial technologies produce the institution of language through translation, and also how translation rests upon the institutions of languages. We argue that ‘translation’ as a term and as a concept of text-to-text/written transference of meaning is a nineteenth century phenomenon dating back to the colonial period. Furthermore, in the postcolonial moment that saw the use of translation in the service of regional and national identities, we also examine the complex relationship between English and the ‘modern Indian languages’ that has given rise to new creolised idioms.
Translation traditions in Angola
Authors: Halme-Berneking Riikka 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Little has been published about translation activity in Angola that addresses such questions as translation by whom, for whom, how and for what purpose. This report offers a brief overview of translation traditions in Angola and current challenges in Angolan translation activities. Any discussion of translation in Angola cannot be separated from issues of language policies. For centuries, the interaction among the languages spoken in Angola, including Umbundu, Kimbundu, Kikongo and Portuguese, just to name a few, has reflected the social and political imbalance between the speakers of the different languages. For example, translation has been used both to control and to enhance the use of local languages.
Whereas most of the translation activity in Angola has been oral, there is an increasing need and interest for written translations. Translation activity is also expanding beyond its primary venue in the church and commerce to include government, education and arts.
The Greek-speaking tradition
Authors: Grammenidis Simos , Floros Georgios 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The report on the Greek-speaking tradition focuses on the geographical area occupied by Greece and Cyprus. The Greek-speaking area has been practicing both intralingual and interlingual translation, with the former type enjoying much higher a prestige than the latter. Certain language policies and regimes, all rooted in historical developments, can be said to have influenced the translation policies followed. As regards literary genres and theatre, the policy has moved from a rather domesticating, self-reaffirming practice towards a more extrovert, foreignizing practice in recent years. As for other genres, such as media and legal translation, the policy tends to remain rather introvert; i.e. reaffirming the ethnic and state identity of the Greek-speaking area. As regards research on translation, “westernization” seems to have taken place in the way Greek-speaking scholars reflect on translation. This report also attempts to provide possible reasons for the conceptualization shifts that have occurred in the Greek-speaking tradition.
Biofortification of meat with vitamin D.
Authors: Duffy S. K. , Kelly A. K. , Rajauria Gaurav , O'Doherty J. V. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency in humans is a major health concern and is very much to the forefront of public health policy, particularly in Europe and northern latitudes where sufficient synthesis of vitamin D through sunlight is limited. Therefore, increased importance of dietary vitamin D intake now applies to these problematic areas. Food sources containing natural vitamin D are limiting and traditional measures such as supplements and exogenous fortification are not effective at a population level as general intakes are low and will only meet the needs of those who consume. Therefore, there is a demand for more effective food-based strategic approaches to increase vitamin D intakes, one of which is biofortification of animal feeds to produce a much wider range of sustainable natural vitamin D-enriched foods. Meat is among the few foods that contain natural occurring vitamin D, which makes it an excellent target food for biofortification. Additionally, meat contains the 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) metabolite, which has been shown to have a quicker absorption and is subsequently more effective at raising serum 25-OH-D in humans in comparison with other vitamin D metabolites. This review will discuss the development of vitamin D bio-fortification of animal diets with different vitamin D sources and their potential to produce vitamin D enriched meat including beef and pork meat. Biofortification of meat could contribute up to 25% of individuals estimated average requirement of vitamin D. Additionally, it will also discuss how vitamin D biofortification of animal diets improves product quality.
Schistosoma nasale
Rao, 1933 (Trematoda: Schistosomatidae) causative agent of nasal schistosomiasis of animals in the Indian subcontinent - an overview.
Authors: Basu A. K. , Bhattacharyya Debaraj 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Schistosoma nasale
is a digenetic trematode found in the blood vessels of the nasal mucosa of cattle and buffaloes. This snail-borne parasite is the cause of nasal schistosomiasis which has been recorded from the majority of the provinces and the neighbouring countries of India. The disease is commonly known as 'snoring disease' or nasal granuloma of cattle. Cattle inflicted with this disease present with nodules, cauliflower-like growths in the nasal cavity with a mucopurulent discharge, dyspnoea and usually had snoring sound on respiration. The main focus of this review is prevalence of
S. nasale
and its life cycle and treatment methods.
Entomopathogenic nematodes as biocontrol agents of insect pests in orchards.
Authors: Belien T. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are increasingly being used as biological control of insect pests due to their successful biocontrol activity against various economically important insect pests. Despite the growing success of EPNs, their effective use in orchards remains rather scarce. The principal limiting factors for the practical implementation of EPNs in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programmes in orchards are their reduced control activity and persistence due to low-temperature regimes and desiccation, in particularly when applied against aboveground pest stages. However, recent advances in formulation technology, application strategy (with emphasis on improved persistence of the applied EPNs) and gradually acquired knowledge on optimal implementation strategies already have extended - and in the future most likely will further expand - the practical adoption of EPNs in pest management programmes in orchards. A successful implementation of EPNs in orchards requires that their usage fits into an IPM strategy. Interactions between EPNs and other biological or chemical control agents can be synergistic, additive or antagonistic, depending on the specific chemical and biological agents, as well as their rates and timing and host species. In this article, the most important aspects and features of EPN applications in orchards are reviewed.
Comparing node degrees in probabilistic networks
Authors: Kaveh Amin , Magnani Matteo , Rohner Christian 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDegree is a fundamental property of nodes in networks. However, computing the degree distribution of nodes in probabilistic networks is an expensive task for large networks. To overcome this difficulty, expected degree is commonly utilized in the literature. However, in this article, we show that in some cases expected degree does not allow us to evaluate the probability of two nodes having the same degree or one node having higher degree than another. This suggests that expected degree in probabilistic networks does not completely play the same role as degree in deterministic networks. For each node, we define a reference node with the same expected degree but the least possible variance, corresponding to the least uncertain degree distribution. Then, we show how the probability of a node’s degree being higher or equal to the degree of its reference node can be approximated by using variance and skewness of the degree distribution in addition to expected degree. Experimental results on a real dataset show that our approximation functions produce accurate probability estimations in linear computational complexity, while computing exact probabilities is polynomial with order of 3.
Identifying and using driver nodes in temporal networks
Authors: Ravandi Babak , Mili Fatma , Springer John A 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn many approaches developed for defining complex networks, the main assumption is that the network is in a relatively stable state that can be approximated with a fixed topology. However, in several applications, this approximation is not adequate because (a) the system modelled is dynamic by nature, and (b) the changes are an essential characteristic that cannot be approximated. Temporal networks capture changes in the topology of networks by including the temporal information associated with their structural connections, that is, links or edges. Here, we focus on controllability of temporal networks, that is, the study of steering the state of a network to any desired state at deadline $t_f$ within $\Delta t=t_f - t_0$ steps through stimulating key nodes called driver nodes. Recent studies provided analytical approaches to find a maximum controllable subspace for an arbitrary set of driver nodes. However, finding the minimum number of driver nodes $N_c$ required to reach full control is computationally prohibitive. In this article, we propose a heuristic algorithm that quickly finds a suboptimal set of driver nodes with size $N_s \geq N_c$. We conduct experiments on synthetic and real-world temporal networks induced from ant colonies and e-mail communications of a manufacturing company. The empirical results in both cases show the heuristic algorithm efficiently identifies a small set of driver nodes that can fully control the networks. Also, as shown in the case of ants’ interactions networks, the driver nodes tend to have a large degree in temporal networks. Furthermore, we analyze the behavior of driver nodes within the context of their datasets, through which, we observe that queen ants tend to avoid becoming a driver node.
Preoperative serum lactate dehydrogenase level as a predictor of major complications following thoracoscopic lobectomy: a propensity-adjusted analysis
Authors: Zhang Ruoyu , Kyriss Thomas , Dippon Jürgen , Boedeker Enole , Friedel Godehard 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOBJECTIVESDespite the positive effects of a thoracoscopic approach on improving postoperative outcomes, the risk of major complications following thoracoscopic lobectomy is not negligible. We sought to assess the usefulness of the preoperative determination of serum biomarkers to refine risk stratification in this patient population.METHODSFrom 2009 to 2017, 626 patients (285 women, 341 men; median age: 67 years) underwent thoracoscopic lobectomy or anatomical segmentectomy for confirmed or suspected early-stage lung cancer or metastasis at our institution. Preoperative serum biomarkers, including albumin, C-reactive protein, haemoglobin and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), were examined as predictors of postoperative cardiopulmonary complications using logistic regression analyses followed by causal inference.RESULTSThe 90-day mortality, cardiopulmonary complication and overall morbidity rates were 1.0%, 13.1% and 18.1%, respectively. Although serum albumin, C-reactive protein and haemoglobin were not associated with cardiopulmonary complications in regression analyses, preoperative serum LDH level emerged as an independent morbidity predictor (odds ratio 1.008, 95% confidence interval 1.002–1.013; P = 0.006). The causal inference using the covariate balancing generalized propensity score methodology demonstrated similar results and an approximately positive linear relationship between the odds of cardiopulmonary complications and preoperative serum LDH level. For every 100 U/l increase in preoperative serum LDH, a 2-fold increase in the odds of cardiopulmonary complications was observed.CONCLUSIONSOur results suggest that the preoperative serum LDH level is an independent predictor of 90-day cardiopulmonary complications following thoracoscopic lobectomy or segmentectomy, even in properly selected patients. Therefore, we recommend incorporating early serum LDH measurements as a readily available method into the risk assessment process prior to major lung resection.