bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bidirectional to unidirectional emission of fluorescence controlled by optical traveling wave antennas
Authors: Wang Yilin , Li Shilei , Yan Jie-Yun , Li Chao , Jiang Ping , Wang Lulu , Yu Li 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Tailoring the fluorescence emission of quantum emitters to a desired direction is a crucial issue to achieve high efficient photodetection and realize unique optoelectronic devices. In this study, the directional emission of quantum dots controlled by optical traveling wave antennas based on 1D silver nanowires (NWs) was investigated. Both leaky waves and surface waves on a single NW are utilized for fluorescence emission control, and we show that the coupled fluorescence transforms from bidirectional to unidirectional emission when the surrounding medium changes from air to water. Moreover, in the unidirectional case, we obtain an ultra-narrow half-power bandwidth about 20°. Finite-difference time-domain simulations and Green’s function method in a stratified medium are used to calculate the far-field emission patterns of the hybrid structures, which agree well with the experiments. Further analyses based on typical modes and the dipole-chain model also reveal the mechanism behind the bidirectional and unidirectional fluorescence emission. These results show that the structures have great potential in integrated on-chip, sensing and photon-collection devices.
MHD three dimensional flow of Oldroyd-B nanofluid over a bidirectional stretching sheet: DTM-Padé Solution
Authors: Gupta Sumit , Gupta Sandeep 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Current article is devoted with the study of MHD 3D flow of Oldroyd B type nanofluid induced by bi-directional stretching sheet. Expertise similarity transformation is confined to reduce the governing partial differential equations into ordinary nonlinear differential equations. These dimensionless equations are then solved by the Differential Transform Method combined with the Padé approximation (DTM-Padé). Dealings of the arising physical parameters namely the Deborah numbers β1 and β2, Prandtl number Pr, Brownian motion parameter Nb and thermophoresis parameter Nt on the fluid velocity, temperature and concentration profile are depicted through graphs. Also a comparative study between DTM and numerical method are presented by graph and other semi-analytical techniques through tables. It is envisage that the velocity profile declines with rising magnetic factor, temperature profile increases with magnetic parameter, Deborah number of first kind and Brownian motion parameter while decreases with Deborah number of second kind and Prandtl number. A comparative study also visualizes comparative study in details.
A multiple-step adaptive pseudospectral method for solving multi-order fractional differential equations
Authors: Mashali-Firouzi Mahmoud , Maleki Mohammad 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe nonlocal nature of the fractional derivative makes the numerical treatment of fractional differential equations expensive in terms of computational accuracy in large domains. This paper presents a new multiple-step adaptive pseudospectral method for solving nonlinear multi-order fractional initial value problems (FIVPs), based on piecewise Legendre–Gauss interpolation. The fractional derivatives are described in the Caputo sense. We derive an adaptive pseudospectral scheme for approximating the fractional derivatives at the shifted Legendre–Gauss collocation points. By choosing a step-size, the original FIVP is replaced with a sequence of FIVPs in subintervals. Then the obtained FIVPs are consecutively reduced to systems of algebraic equations using collocation. Some error estimates are investigated. It is shown that in the present multiple-step pseudospectral method the accuracy of the solution can be improved either by decreasing the step-size or by increasing the number of collocation points within subintervals. The main advantage of the present method is its superior accuracy and suitability for large-domain calculations. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the validity and high accuracy of the proposed technique.
A reliable algorithm for time-fractional Navier-Stokes equations via Laplace transform
Authors: Prakash Amit , Prakasha Doddabhadrappla Gowda , Veeresha Pundikala 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this paper, numerical solution of fractional order Navier-Stokes equations in unsteady viscous fluid flow is found using q-homotopy analysis transform scheme. Fractional derivative is considered in Caputo sense. The proposed technique is a blend of q-homotopy analysis scheme and transform of Laplace. It executes well in efficiency and providesh-curves that show convergence range of series solution.
MHD Convection Fluid and Heat Transfer in an Inclined Micro-Porous-Channel
Authors: Aina Babatunde , Malgwi Peter Bukar 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This study is devoted to investigate the influence of transverse magnetic field as well as suction/injection on MHD natural convection flow of conducting fluid in an inclined micro-porous-channel. The analytical solutions for velocity profile and temperature profile have been obtained considering the velocity slip and temperature jump conditions at the micro-porous-channel walls. The solution obtained for the velocity has been used to compute the skin friction, while the temperature has been used to compute the Nusselt number. The effect of various flow parameters entering into the problem are discussed with the aid of line graphs. Results reveal that the impact of inclination angle on fluid velocity is dependent on the value of the wall ambient temperature difference ratio, hence increase in inclination angle yields an enhancement in fluid velocity within the micro-porous-channel for some selected values of the wall ambient temperature difference ratio whereas it displays a dual character for other values. Also, injecting through the micro-porous channel thickens the thermal boundary layer, resulting to weakening the convective current and consequently decreasing the fluid velocity whereas suction weakens the thermal boundary layer yielding an increase in fluid velocity.
The expa function method and the conformable time-fractional KdV equations
Authors: Zafar Asim 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The nonlinear fractional differential equations (FDEs) are produced by mathematical modelling of some nonlinear physical systems. The study of such nonlinear physical models through wave solutions analysis corresponding to their FDEs, has a dynamic role in applied sciences. In this paper, we are going to explore the conformable time-fractional KdV equations using the expa function method. The way to reach explicit exact wave solutions is to transform the fractional order PDE into a nonlinear ODE of discrete order through travelling wave transforms. The subsequent equation has been explored by utilizing the exp a function approach. Consequently, some new explicit exact wave solutions of the said equations are effectively formulated and graphically conveyed with the help of numerical simulation.
Application of Bessel functions and Jacobian free Newton method to solve time-fractional Burger equation
Authors: Parand Kourosh , Nikarya Mehran 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this paper, a novel method based on Bessel functions (BF), generalized Bessel functions (GBF), the collocation method and the Jacobian free Newton-Krylov sub-space (JFNK) will be introduced to solve the nonlinear time-fractional Burger equation. In this paper, an implicit formula is introduced to calculate Riemann–Liouville fractional derivative of GBFs, that can be very useful in spectral methods. In this work, the nonlinear time-fractional Burger equation is converted to a nonlinear system of algebraic equations via collocation algorithm based on BFs and GBFs without any linearization and descretization methods. Finally, by using JFNK, the solution of this nonlinear system will be achieved. To show the reliability and applicability of the proposed method, we solve some examples of time-fractional Burger equation and compare our results with others.
Could biodynamics help bridge the gap in developing farmer intuition?
Authors: von Diest Saskia G. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Several scientific studies indicate that farmers do not often use formalised decision support tools as expected, and many prefer to rely on their intuition to make practical management decisions. While agricultural science and education acknowledge the different types of knowledge that farmers utilize, intuition continues to receive little attention in agricultural science, indicating a gap in farmer decision-making research.
The mechanism driving intuition remains under debate, but is described as a pervasive, involuntary, rapid way of knowing, offering access to tacit (internal, intangible) knowledge that complements analytic processes. Many studies agree that intuition can be trained to increase accuracy and reliability. However, the comprehensive works on intuition by Rudolf Steiner hardly feature in modern science, and yet his writings and biodynamic agriculture approach offer farmers and non-farmers guidelines for systematic development of subtle abilities like intuition.
There may be value in collaborative, transdisciplinary exploration between agricultural research and biodynamic theory and practice, for supporting farmers to develop their intuitive knowing. Such an alliance could help increase the awareness and practice of biodynamics, expand the knowledge base and lexicon for the em erging research field of intuitive farming, and help reinvigorate agricultural research toward more efficient, customized and connected farming practices.
How Public is Public Art? A Critical Discourse Analysis of the Racial Subtext of Public Monuments at Canada’s Pier 21
Authors: Adamu Patience , Castello Deon , Cukier Wendy 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Much of the literature on public space focuses on physical inclusion and exclusion rather than social inclusion or exclusion. In this paper, the implications of this are considered in the context of two monuments, The Volunteers/Les Bénévoles, and The Emigrant, located outside the Canadian Museum of Immigration at Pier 21 in Halifax, Nova Scotia. These monuments, while perhaps designed to celebrate Canadian multiculturalism, can be read instead as signaling Canada’s enduring commitment to white supremacy, Eurocentricity and colonization, when viewed through the eyes of racialized immigrants. Thus the “public space” becomes exclusionary. In the context in which the monuments are situated, the racial subtext cannot be ignored. This article purports that images, text and placement, regardless of intention, have significant implications on public space and public demeanor.
Effects of grafting parameters on the properties of proton exchange membranes based on sulfo-functionalized porous silicon for micro direct methanol fuel cells
Authors: Wang Mei , Liu Litian , Wang Xiaohong 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
3-Mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane [MPTMS, (CH3O)3SiCH2CH2CH2SH] can be grafted to porous silicon via a simple chemical grafting method and then sulfonated to prepare a proton exchange membrane (PEM) for application in micro direct methanol fuel cells (μDMFCs). The concentration of MPTMS and the pH of the solvent, which is varied by adding glacial acetic acid (GAA), play important roles in the chemical grafting process. In this work, PEMs based on sulfo-functionalized porous silicon were prepared at MPTMS concentrations ranging from 10 wt.% to 90 wt.% and GAA concentrations ranging from 0 wt.% to 10 wt.% to study the effects of grafting parameters on the proton transport properties of PEMs. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy shows that the proton conductivity of the PEMs can be tuned by changing the MPTMS and GAA concentrations, and it reaches a maximum of 0.082 S/cm at an MPTMS concentration of 30 wt.% and a GAA concentration of 5 wt.%. The effects of MPTMS and GAA concentrations on the properties of PEMs are discussed in the context of two competitive reaction pathways of MPTMS molecules: dehydration condensation with silanols on the walls of porous silicon and self-polymerization.
Prototype stories of life with Chemical Intolerance – when the environment becomes a threat to health and well-being
Authors: Schéle Ingrid , Ask Ida , Claeson Anna-Sara 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe aimed to explore how individuals living with Chemical Intolerance (CI) describe the onset and progression of CI, and how they live and cope with CI. The participants were recruited via Swedish websites hosted by CI support groups. A postal survey, including a Life history calender, was sent to potential participants. Eleven respondents fitted the consensus-based criteria for CI while not reporting comorbidity. A narrative analysis of their written replies resulted in five prototypical stories based on similarities in the onset and course of CI. All five stories contain descriptions of alienation from society and insufficient social support. Differences in participants’ perceptions of the symptom onset – with regard to suddenness, the point in life and the perceived cause of symptoms – partly corresponded to etiological theories of CI related to stress or inflammation. Further differences between the prototype stories mainly concern the possible effects on health and well-being related to social support and coping. Given these differences, we recommend that medical professionals and others apply a holistic, context-sensitive approach before discouraging or promoting a specific coping strategy in relation to CI.
Strategy-adaptation memory training: predictors of older adults’ training gains
Authors: Cavallini Elena , Bottiroli Sara , Dunlosky John , Ambiel Erika , Lux Andrea , Hertzog Christopher 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOver the past decades, memory training interventions have been developed in an attempt to stabilize or enhance memory functioning in aging. Only recently has attention been paid to individual differences in training gains and consequently to predictors of such gains. The aim of the present study was to identify which specific cognitive mechanisms/processes or components of the intervention were responsible for the desired change and which individuals were more responsive to memory strategic training. Eighty-one older adults (aged 55 to 82) were involved in a four-session strategy-adaptation training based on a learner-oriented approach that has previously been found to be effective in improving memory performance in practiced and untrained tasks. Results showed that baseline performance in memory tasks predicted the gains in the practiced task. Baseline performance in memory tasks and other cognitive variables, such as working memory, processing speed, and verbal knowledge predicted transfer effects. Interestingly, we found that the magnitude of training gain on the associative memory practiced task predicted the gains in the transfer tasks, suggesting those who best implemented the targeted strategies during training realized greater transfer to other tasks. Our study shows that older adults with larger cognitive resources will benefit more from interventions focused on the generalization via active processes.
Political Insulation, Technical Expertise and the Technocrat’s Paradox
Authors: Pardow Diego G. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIt is generally assumed that independent agencies reflect the Congress’ willingness to deal with two different sources of risk that complement each other: political uncertainty regarding the policy implemented, and technical uncertainty regarding the outcome that would be achieved with that policy. This paper claims that such complementariness is true only when the Congress is expecting to capture the benefits of a sound technical decision. If this is not the case, for example when there is a large possibility of a political turnover in the near future, institutional design should follow a dynamic of entrenchment. Here politics and expertise substitute each other, thus reducing the optimal choice of agency independence. This paper illustrates these ideas by comparing the two waves of institutional reforms that occurred in Chile in the 1920’s and the 1980’s. The variance in the level of insulation achieved by each process responds to a key political difference: the first one was conducted through a democratic consensus that was meant to last several decades, whereas the second one was conducted during an authoritarian regime aware that its tenure in power was coming to an end.
Paricalcitol pretreatment attenuates renal ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting p38 MAPK and activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathways
Authors: Cavdar Zahide , Ural Cemre , Kocak Ayse , Arslan Sevki , Ersan Sibel , Ozbal Seda , Tatli Merve , Dubova Asli , Cavdar Caner 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the renoprotective effects of paricalcitol, a synhetic vitamin D analog, through its possible roles on p38 MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways to prevent oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis during renal I/R.

Materials and methods
Total 20 kidney tissues of sham (n = 6), subjected to renal I/R bilaterally for 45 min ischemia followed by 24 h reperfusion (n = 7) and paricalcitol (0.3 μg/kg, ip) pretreated Wistar albino rats (n =7) were used in this study. Interstitial inflammation and active caspase-3 expression were evaluated histologically. TNF-α, IL-1β, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), MDA and SOD activity in kidneys were analysed biochemically. Furthermore, activation of p38 MAPK, PI3K/Akt signaling pathways and NFκB p65 were evaluated by western blot.

Results
Paricalcitol pretreatment significantly reduced interstitial inflammation during renal I/R, which was consistent with decreased tumor TNF-α, IL-1β, active caspase-3 and KIM-1 expression. Paricalcitol also reduced MDA level and attenuated the reduction of SOD activity in the kidney during I/R. Moreover, paricalcitol could suppress the p38 MAPK and NFκB p65, and also activate PI3K/Akt signaling pathway during renal I/R.

Conclusion
All these findings indicate that paricalcitol may be an effective practical strategy to prevent renal I/R injury.
Regional Alliance Structure and International Conflict
Authors: Sakuwa Kentaro 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Why are some regions more peaceful than others? Some regions are particularly plagued by traditional power politics and political tensions, while the danger of war between major actors has significantly declined in other regions. The conventional literature would answer the question from a dyadic perspective—a region with many states with certain set of traits, such as democracy, should be peaceful. However, it is ultimately an empirical question whether the prevalence of power politics and conflict can be solely explained by the type of states and dyads in a region. I argue that the nature of international interactions is shaped by regional-level environment. Due to local security externalities, dyadic politics and conflict is dependent on conditions in a local neighborhood. More specifically, this study focuses on the role of regional-level alliance structure. A region can be situated in various types of alliance configuration depending on global geopolitical climate. I argue that conflict is unlikely in a region in which a global power establishes hegemonic domination through alliance ties with local states. The presence of an external global power dominating a region provides a local enforcement mechanism and reassurance for local states, which in turn reduces hostile interactions among local states. To examine how the regional-level conditions influence dyadic-level politics among local states, this paper empirically analyzes political events data (Integrated Data for Events Analysis) applying multilevel modeling, aiming at contributing the literature by explicitly modeling the influence of regional-level variables on local politics beyond militarized disputes. Empirical analysis revealed that a regionally shared “patron” can promote peace between local states. However, the effect of regional hierarchy turned out to be indirect. Regional dominance structured by an external global power does not exert an overarching influence over an entire region by shifting the region-specific intercept. Rather, the regional-level global power domination in terms of defense pacts particularly influences powerful states in a region while not quite reducing hostility among “minor” local states. Thus, international conflict and hostility is indirectly constrained in a region under hegemonic domination by a global power. This study has empirically explored an argument that it is fruitful to go beyond a purely dyadic analysis of international conflict. The independent effect of a spatial environment means that even similar dyads may behave differently depending on the conditions surrounding them. It shows a need to reexamine some of the important findings about international conflict from a spatial perspective, taking into account macro-regional contexts within which states operate. Moreover, the introduction of regional contexts potentially bridges a gap between quantitative studies of international conflict and more area-specific studies.
“The Foundations of Freedom and Civilization”: The Durham Report, Municipal Institutions and Liberalism
Authors: Morissette Benoît 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLord Durham was sent to Canada to investigate the causes of the Rebellions of 1837–1838 and to propose constitutional reforms to restore stability in the province. In his report, presented to the Colonial Office on February 4, 1839, he recommended the legislative union of the two Canadas, as well as the implementation of responsible government. He also noted that the proper functioning of such a government required the creation of a system of municipal institutions. This article offers a new reading of Lord Durham’s recommendations concerning municipal institutions, included in the last section of his famous report. By placing the document in the context of the debates raised by the constitutional and administrative reforms conducted in Britain during the 1830s, it shows that its author understood autonomous municipalities as an essential components of a modern mixed government. Such language was then employed by reformist Whigs in order to justify the policies which they thought were necessary to strengthen the country’s political institutions by adapting them to changing social circumstances. The analysis presented here challenges the interpretation provided by most contemporary commentators on the report. Many of them have concluded that Lord Durham’s understanding of local institutions is based on a liberal conception of political life, found in the writings of Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. These studies tend to reduce early British liberalism to philosophical radicalism. They seek to demonstrate that liberals wish to deprive local communities of their political autonomy by integrating their institutions into the juridical structure of a highly centralized state. By focusing on the rhetoric used by Lord Durham to write his report, this article allows us to appreciate the heterogeneity of the definition of the municipality developed by liberalism.