bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graphene Actively Mode‐Locked Lasers
Authors: Bogusławski Jakub , Wang Yadong , Xue Hui , Yang Xiaoxia , Mao Dong , Gan Xuetao , Ren Zhaoyu , Zhao Jianlin , Dai Qing , Soboń Grzegorz , Sotor Jarosław , Sun Zhipei 
Published: May 2018

AbstractActively mode‐locked lasers offer varying degrees of flexibility for a wider range of applications than their passively modulated counterparts, due to their capability for electrically controlled ultrahigh repetition rate operation. Graphene based electrooptic modulators with unique advantages of broad operation bandwidth and ultrafast speed are suitable for light modulation in various optoelectronic applications. Here, an actively mode‐locked laser with a graphene based electrooptic modulator is reported for the first time. The active mode‐locking technique combined together with the intracavity nonlinear pulse shortening effect allows the generation of transform‐limited 1.44 ps pulses with pulse energy of 844 pJ. The electrically controlled repetition rate of generated pulses, a key performance advantage of active mode‐locking, is also demonstrated. These results provide a practical and effective approach for actively mode‐locked lasers with broad operation bandwidth and compact footprint, which contributes a new way for applications of two‐dimensional (2D) layered materials in ultrafast lasers.
Precise Patterning of Laterally Stacked Organic Microbelt Heterojunction Arrays by Surface‐Energy‐Controlled Stepwise Crystallization for Ambipolar Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Zhang Xiujuan , Mao Jian , Deng Wei , Xu Xiuzhen , Huang Liming , Zhang Xiaohong , Lee Shuit‐Tong , Jie Jiansheng 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAmbipolar organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) combining single‐crystalline p‐ and n‐type organic micro/nanocrystals have demonstrated superior performance to their amorphous or polycrystalline thin‐film counterparts. However, large‐area alignment and precise patterning of organic micro/nanocrystals for ambipolar OFETs remain challenges. Here, a surface‐energy‐controlled stepwise crystallization (SECSC) method is reported for large‐scale, aligned, and precise patterning of single‐crystalline laterally stacked p–n heterojunction microbelt (MB) arrays. In this method, the p‐ and n‐type organic crystals are precipitated via a stepwise process: first, the lateral sides of prepatterned photoresist stripes provide high‐surface‐energy sites to guide the aligned growth of p‐type organic crystals. Next, the formed p‐type crystals serve as new high‐surface‐energy positions to induce the crystallization of n‐type organic molecules at their sides, thus leading to the formation of laterally stacked p–n microbelts. Ambipolar OFETs based on the p–n heterojunction MB arrays exhibit balanced hole and electron mobilities of 0.32 and 0.43 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively, enabling the fabrication of complementary‐like inverters with large voltage gains. This work paves the way toward rational design and construction of single‐crystalline organic p–n heterojunction arrays for high‐performance organic, integrated circuits.
Rational Design and General Synthesis of S‐Doped Hard Carbon with Tunable Doping Sites toward Excellent Na‐Ion Storage Performance
Authors: Hong Zhensheng , Zhen Yichao , Ruan Yurong , Kang Meiling , Zhou Kaiqiang , Zhang Jian‐Min , Huang Zhigao , Wei Mingdeng 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHeteroatom‐doping is a promising strategy to tuning the microstructure of carbon material toward improved electrochemical storage performance. However, it is a big challenge to control the doping sites for heteroatom‐doping and the rational design of doping is urgently needed. Herein, S doping sites and the influence of interlayer spacing for two kinds of hard carbon, perfect structure and vacancy defect structure, are explored by the first‐principles method. S prefers doping in the interlayer for the former with interlayer distance of 3.997 Å, while S is doped on the carbon layer for the latter with interlayer distance of 3.695 Å. More importantly, one step molten salts method is developed as a universal synthetic strategy to fabricate hard carbon with tunable microstructure. It is demonstrated by the experimental results that S‐doping hard carbon with fewer pores exhibits a larger interlayer spacing than that of porous carbon, agreeing well with the theoretical prediction. Furthermore, the S‐doping carbon with larger interlayer distance and fewer pores exhibits remarkably large reversible capacity, excellent rate performance, and long‐term cycling stability for Na‐ion storage. A stable and reversible capacity of ≈200 mAh g−1 is steadily kept even after 4000 cycles at 1 A g−1.
Synthesis of Carbon–Nitrogen–Phosphorous Materials with an Unprecedented High Amount of Phosphorous toward an Efficient Fire‐Retardant Material
Authors: Zhang Wenyao , Barrio Jesús , Gervais Christel , Kocjan Andraž , Yu Aiping , Wang Xin , Shalom Menny 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPhosphorus incorporation into carbon can greatly modify its chemical, electronic, and thermal stability properties. To date this has been limited to low levels of phosphorus. Now a simple, large‐scale synthesis of carbon–nitrogen–phosphorus (CNP) materials is reported with tunable elemental composition, leading to excellent thermal stability to oxidation and fire‐retardant properties. The synthesis consists of using monomers that are liquid at high temperatures as the reaction precursors. The molten‐state stage leads to good monomer miscibility and enhanced reactivity at high temperatures and formation of CNP materials with up to 32 wt % phosphorus incorporation. The CNP composition and fire‐retardant properties can be tuned by modifying the starting monomers ratio and the final calcination temperature. The CNP materials demonstrate great resistance to oxidation and excellent fire‐retardant properties, with up to 90 % of the materials preserved upon heating to 800 °C in air.
Total Synthesis of the Nonribosomal Peptide Surugamide B and Identification of a New Offloading Cyclase Family
Authors: Kuranaga Takefumi , Matsuda Kenichi , Sano Ayae , Kobayashi Masakazu , Ninomiya Akihiro , Takada Kentaro , Matsunaga Shigeki , Wakimoto Toshiyuki 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe cathepsin B inhibitor surugamide B (2), along with structurally related derivatives (A and C–E), has previously been isolated from the marine actinomycete Streptomyces sp. JAMM992. The biosynthetic genes are unexpectedly part of a cluster of four non‐ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) genes, two of which are responsible for the biosynthesis of the additional linear decapeptide surugamide F. However, the thioesterase domain required for the later stage of the biosynthesis of the cyclic peptides surugamides A–E is not present in any module architecture of the surugamide NRPSs. Herein, we report the first total synthesis of surugamide B (2) through the macrocyclization at the biomimetic position, which not only alleviated the Cα epimerization in the macrolactamization process, but also efficiently provided 2 in 34 % yield for 18 steps. Furthermore, both the chemical and enzymatic studies with the biosynthetic precursor mimics revealed that the stand‐alone enzyme SurE, which belongs to the penicillin‐binding protein family, is responsible for macrocyclization of the tethered octapeptidyl intermediate.
Amorphizing of Ag Nanoparticles under Bioinspired One‐step Assembly of Fe3O4‐Ag/rGO Hybrids via Self‐redox Process with Enhanced Activity
Authors: Zhao Songfang , Jiang Haobo , Li Jinhui , Meng Xiangying , Chao Tianyu , Zhang Zhe , Zhang Peng , Gao Yongju , Cao Duxia 
Published: May 2018

Efficient and reusable nanocatalysts fabricated via a facile assembly are highly desirable for the cost‐effective hydrogenation reduction. Inspired by a fishing process with a fishnet, multifunctional nanostructured catalysts are rationally designed to combine interesting features via the self‐redox assembly of Fe3O4‐Ag composites on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) (Fe3O4‐Ag/rGO). In detail, Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) endow the ternary hybrids with superparamagnetism (21.42 emu g−1), facilitating catalysts to be separated from the reaction system. rGO could provide electron transfer pathways, enhancing catalytic activity. More interestingly, GO and Ag+ could behave as oxidants to oxidize Fe2+ for the in situ assembly of Fe3O4‐Ag/rGO without any addition of reductant/oxidant or organic solvents, and AgNPs endow the ternary hybrids with excellent catalytic behaviour. Meaningfully, the bioinspired process enables the ternary hybrids to possess more abundant micro−/nanopores, larger surface area, and more amorphization. They exhibit exceptional catalytic performance, and could be recycled with excellent activity by means of convenient magnetic separation (at least 7 times). Moreover, the ternary hybrids could degrade methylene blue under UV light due to different valence states of Fe in Fe3O4. Therefore, the proposed bioinspired assembly and structure design for hierarchical catalysts would pave a promising way to assemble other catalysts.
Mesoporous Co3O4 Nanobundle Electrocatalysts
Authors: Narendra Kumar Alam Venugopal , Li Yinghao , Yin Shuli , Li Chunjie , Xue Hairong , Xu You , Li Xiaonian , Wang Hongjing , Wang Liang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTailoring metal oxide nanostructures with mesoporous architectures is vital to improve their electrocatalytic performance. Herein, we demonstrate the synthesis of 2D mesoporous Co3O4 (meso‐Co3O4) nanobundles with uniform shape and size by employing a hard‐template method. In this study, the incipient wetness impregnation technique has been chosen for loading metal precursor into the silica hard template (SBA‐15). The results reveal that the concentration of a saturated precursor solution plays a vital role in mesostructured ordering, as well as the size and shape of the final meso‐Co3O4 product. The optimized precursor concentration allows us to synthesize ordered meso‐Co3O4 with four to seven nanowires in each particle. The meso‐Co3O4 structure exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity for both glucose and water oxidation reactions.
Nonparametric evaluation of the first passage time of degradation processes
Authors: Balakrishnan Narayanaswamy , Qin Chengwei 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis paper discusses a nonparametric method to approximate the first passage time (FPT) distribution of the degradation processes incorporating random effects if the process type is unknown. The FPT of a degradation process is unnecessarily observed since its density function can be approximated by inverting the empirical Laplace transform using the empirical saddlepoint method. The empirical Laplace transform is composed of the measured increments of the degradation processes. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, the approximated FPT is compared with the theoretical FPT assuming a true underlying process. The nonparametric method discussed in this paper is shown to possess the comparatively small relative errors in the simulation study and performs well to capture the heterogeneity in the practical data analysis. To justify the fitting results, the goodness‐of‐fit tests including Kolmogorov‐Smirnov test and Cramér‐von Mises test are conducted, and subsequently, a bootstrap confidence interval is constructed in terms of the 90th percentile of the FPT distribution.
A nonparametric Bayesian basket trial design
Authors: Xu Yanxun , Müller Peter , Tsimberidou Apostolia M. , Berry Donald 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTargeted therapies on the basis of genomic aberrations analysis of the tumor have shown promising results in cancer prognosis and treatment. Regardless of tumor type, trials that match patients to targeted therapies for their particular genomic aberrations have become a mainstream direction of therapeutic management of patients with cancer. Therefore, finding the subpopulation of patients who can most benefit from an aberration‐specific targeted therapy across multiple cancer types is important. We propose an adaptive Bayesian clinical trial design for patient allocation and subpopulation identification. We start with a decision theoretic approach, including a utility function and a probability model across all possible subpopulation models. The main features of the proposed design and population finding methods are the use of a flexible nonparametric Bayesian survival regression based on a random covariate‐dependent partition of patients, and decisions based on a flexible utility function that reflects the requirement of the clinicians appropriately and realistically, and the adaptive allocation of patients to their superior treatments. Through extensive simulation studies, the new method is demonstrated to achieve desirable operating characteristics and compares favorably against the alternatives.
Tissue distribution study of periplocin and its two metabolites in rats by a validated LC–MS/MS method
Authors: Liu Huaming , Zhang Dandan , Tang Zhidan , Sun Mengjie , Azietaku John Teye , Ouyang Huizi , Chang Yanxu , Wang Meng , He Jun , Gao Xiumei 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPeriplocin is a cardiac glycoside and has been used widely in the clinic for its cardiotonic, anti‐inflammatory and anti‐tumor effects. Although it is taken frequently by oral administration in the clinic, there have been no reports demonstrating that periplocin could be detected in vivo after an oral administration, so there is an urgen need to determine the characteristics of periplocin in vivo after oral administration. In this study, a sensitive and reliable liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated to identify and quantify periplocin and its two metabolites in rat tissue after a single dosage of perplocin at 50 mg/kg. The results demonstrated that periplocin and its two metabolites were detected in all of the selected tissues; periplocin could reach peak concentration quickly after administration, while periplocymarin and periplogenin reached maximum concentration > 4.83 h after administration. The tissue distribution of analytes tended to be mostly in the liver, and higher analyte concentrations were found in the heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney, but a small amount of chemical constituents was distributed into the brain. The consequences obtained using this method might provide a meaningful insight for clinical investigations and applications.
Aggregation‐Induced Emission of Multiphenyl‐Substituted 1,3‐Butadiene Derivatives: Synthesis, Properties and Application
Authors: Zhang Yahui , Mao Huiling , Xu Weiquan , Shi Jianbing , Cai Zhengxu , Tong Bin , Dong Yuping 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOrganic functional materials, including conjugated molecules and fluorescent dyes, have been intensely developed in recent years because they can be applied in many fields, such as solar cells, biosensing and bioimaging, and medical adjuvant therapy. Organic functional materials with aggregation‐induced emission or aggregation‐enhanced emission (AIE/AEE) characteristics have increasingly attracted attention due to their high quantum efficiency in the aggregated or solid state. A large variety of AIE/AEE materials have been designed and applied during the exponential growth of research interest in the abovementioned fields. Multiphenyl‐substituted 1,3‐butadiene (MPB), as a core structure that includes tetraphenyl‐1,3‐butadiene, hexaphenyl‐1,3‐butadiene and their derivatives, show a typical AIE/AEE feature and can be potentially used in all the above‐mentioned fields. This review summarizes the design principles, the corresponding syntheses, and the structure–property relationships of MPBs, as well as their excellent innovative functionalities and applications. This review will be useful for scientists conducting chemistry, materials, and biomedical research in AIE/AEE‐related fields.
Multicore Artificial Metalloenzymes Derived from Acylated Proteins as Catalysts for the Enantioselective Dihydroxylation and Epoxidation of Styrene Derivatives
Authors: Leurs Melanie , Dorn Bjoern , Wilhelm Sascha , Manisegaran Magiliny , Tiller Joerg. C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractArtificial metalloenzymes (AME′s) are an interesting class of selective catalysts, where the chiral environment of proteins is used as chiral ligand for a catalytic metal. Commonly, the active site of an enzyme is modified with a catalytically active metal. Here we present an approach, where the commercial proteins lysozyme (LYS) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) can be converted into highly active and enantioselective AME′s. This is achieved by acylation of the proteins primary amino groups, which affords the metal salts in the core of the protein. A series of differently acylated LYS and BSA were reacted with K2OsO2(OH)4, RuCl3, and Ti(OMe)4, respectively, and the conjugates were tested for their catalytic activity in dihydroxylation and epoxidation of styrene and its derivatives. The best suited system for dihydroxylation is fully acetylated LYS conjugated with K2OsO2(OH)4, which converts styrene to 1,2‐phenylethanediol with an enantioselectivity of 95 % ee (S). BSA fully acylated with hexanoic acid and conjugated with three moles RuCl3 per mole protein shows the highest ee values for the conversion of styrene to the respective epoxide with enenatioselectivities of over 80 % ee (R), a TON of more than 2500 and a yield of up to 78 % within 24 h at 40 °C. LYS has two favored selective binding sites for the metal catalyst and BSA has even three. The AME′s with titanate in the active center invert the enantioselectivity of styrene epoxidation.
Self‐Assembled, Fluorine‐Rich Porous Organic Polymers: A Class of Mechanically Stiff and Hydrophobic Materials
Authors: Mukherjee Soumya , Zeng Zhixin , Shirolkar Mandar M. , Samanta Partha , Chaudhari Abhijeet K. , Tan Jin‐Chong , Ghosh Sujit K. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFluorous organic building blocks were utilized to develop two self‐assembled, hydrophobic, fluorinated porous organic polymers (FPOPs), namely, FPOP‐100 and FPOP‐101. Comprehensive mechanical analyses of these functionalised triazine network polymers marked the introduction of mechanical stiffness among all porous organic network materials; the recorded stiffnesses are analogous to those of their organic–inorganic hybrid polymer congeners, that is, metal–organic frameworks. Furthermore, this study introduces a new paradigm for the simultaneous installation of mechanical stiffness and high surface hydrophobicity into polymeric organic networks, with the potential for transfer among all porous solids. Control experiments with non‐fluorinated congeners underlined the key role of fluorine, in particular, bis‐trifluoromethyl functionalization in realizing the dual features of mechanical stiffness and superhydrophobicity.
Peripherally Cyanated Subphthalocyanines as Potential n‐Type Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Zango Germán , Sakurai Tsuneaki , Urones Beatriz , Saeki Hidenori , Matsuda Wakana , Martínez‐Díaz M. Victoria , Seki Shu , Torres Tomás 
Published: May 2018

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the groups of M. V. Martínez‐Díaz and T. Torres at the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, and S. Seki at the Kyoto University. The image depicts a subphthalocyanines vortex with strong electron‐attraction ability. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201801190.
Exploration of Thiazolo[5,4‐d]thiazole Linkages in Conjugated Porous Organic Polymers for Chemoselective Molecular Sieving
Authors: Biswal Bishnu P. , Becker Daniel , Chandrasekhar Naisa , Seenath Jensheer Shamsudeen , Paasch Silvia , Machill Susanne , Hennersdorf Felix , Brunner Eike , Weigand Jan J. , Berger Reinhard , Feng Xinliang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPorous organic polymers (POPs) have attracted significant attention towards molecular adsorption in recent years due to their high porosity, diverse functionality and excellent chemical stability. In this work, we present a systematic case study on the formation of thiazolo[5,4‐d]thiazole (TzTz) linkages through model compounds and its integration to synthesize a set of three novel, thermo‐chemically stable TzTz‐linked POPs, namely TzTz‐POP‐3, TzTz‐POP‐4, and TzTz‐POP‐5 with triphenylbenzene, tetraphenylpyrene and tetra(hydroxyphenyl)methane cores, respectively. Interestingly, the integrated TzTz moiety of the represented TzTz‐POP‐3 renders chemoselective removal of organic dye fluorescein (FL) from a mixture with parafuchsine (FU) in aqueous solution. The TzTz‐POP‐3 offered excellent chemoselectivity of ≈1:7 (FL:FU), compared to alike porous materials demonstrated for similar applications due to the presence of multiple active anchoring sites coupled with permanent porosity and appropriate pore window.
Separation of Starter Cultures After High‐Pressure Homogenization
Authors: Häffele Florian , Jaros Doris , Mende Susann , Rohm Harald , Nirschl Hermann 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDie Auswirkungen einer mittels Hochdruck‐Homogenisator induzierten Scherbehandlung auf die Separationseigenschaften von Exopolysaccharid‐bildenden bakteriellen Starterkulturen wird untersucht. Neben Änderungen seitens der Medienviskosität und der Sinkgeschwindigkeit der Bakterienzellen konnten auch deutliche Unterschiede bei der Kompaktheit des Sediments festgestellt werden. Zusätzlich wird die Skalierbarkeit der im Labor mittels analytischer Zentrifugation gewonnenen Ergebnisse in den Technikums‐Maßstab mit einem Tellerseparator gezeigt.
Recent progress and challenges in process optimization: Review of recent work at ECUST
Authors: Wang Xiaoqiang , Han Dong , Lin Yuefeng , Du Wenli 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOptimization is an eternal topic in chemical processes due to limited resources and various safety and environment constraints. The highly intense market competition has led to the realistic significance of optimizing chemical processes. Chemical processes in China have achieved considerable development in recent years, and new challenges to improve operations have emerged along with this development. This paper briefly overviews recent progress made by our laboratory and existing challenges in chemical process optimization. The process optimization is introduced from the perspective of automation hierarchy and its coordination, followed by our major work with emphasis on real‐time optimization and advanced control layers. Several cases of comprehensive optimization in typical chemical processes are highlighted in this paper. On the basis of these theoretical and industrial practices, challenges in process operations are discussed. Finally, opportunities for future research directions are proposed for high efficient operations and control of chemical processes.
Design, Synthesis, and in vitro Biological Evaluation of 3,5‐Dimethylisoxazole Derivatives as BRD4 Inhibitors
Authors: Li Xiangyang , Zhang Jian , Zhao Leilei , Yang Yifei , Zhang Huibin , Zhou Jinpei 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBRD4 has been identified as a potential target for blocking proliferation in a variety of cancer cell lines. In this study, 3,5‐dimethylisoxazole derivatives were designed and synthesized with excellent stability in liver microsomes as potent BRD4 inhibitors, and were evaluated for their BRD4 inhibitory activities in vitro. Gratifyingly, compound 11 h [3‐((1‐(2,4‐difluorophenyl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)methyl)‐6‐(3,5‐dimethylisoxazol‐4‐yl)‐4‐phenyl‐3,4‐dihydroquinazolin‐2(1H)‐one] exhibited robust potency for BRD4(1) and BRD4(2) inhibition with IC50 values of 27.0 and 180 nm, respectively. Docking studies were performed to illustrate the strategy of modification and analyze the conformation in detail. Furthermore, compound 11 h was found to potently inhibit cell proliferation in the BRD4‐sensitive cell lines HL‐60 and MV4‐11, with IC50 values of 0.120 and 0.09 μm, respectively. Compound 11 h was further demonstrated to downregulate c‐Myc levels in HL‐60 cells. In summary, these results suggest that compound 11 h is most likely a potential BRD4 inhibitor and is a lead compound for further investigations.