bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of close-range and screening technologies for mitigating fugitive methane emissions in upstream oil and gas
Authors: Fox Thomas A , Barchyn Thomas E , Risk David , Ravikumar Arvind P , Hugenholtz Chris H 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Fugitive methane emissions from the oil and gas industry are targeted using leak detection and repair (LDAR) programs. Until recently, only a limited number of measurement standards have been permitted by most regulators, with emphasis on close-range methods (e.g. Method-21, optical gas imaging). Although close-range methods are essential for source identification, they can be labor-intensive. To improve LDAR efficiency, there has been a policy shift in Canada and the United States towards incorporating alternative technologies. However, the suitability of these technologies for LDAR remains unclear. In this paper, we systematically review and compare six technology classes for use in LDAR: handheld instruments, fixed sensors, mobile ground labs (MGLs), unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), aircraft, and satellites. These technologies encompass broad spatial and temporal scales of measurement. Minimum detection limits for technology classes range from <1 g h−1 for Method 21 instruments to 7.1 × 106 g h−1 for the GOSAT satellite, and uncertainties are poorly constrained. To leverage the diverse capabilities of these technologies, we introduce a hybrid screening-confirmation approach to LDAR called a comprehensive monitoring program. Here, a screening technology is used to rapidly tag high-emitting sites to direct close-range source identification. Currently, fixed sensors, MGLs, UAVs, and aircraft could be used as screening technologies, but their performances must be evaluated under a range of environmental and operational conditions to better constrain detection effectiveness. Methane-sensing satellites are improving rapidly and may soon be ready for facility-scale screening. We conclude with a speculative discussion of the future of LDAR, touching on integration, analytics, incentivization, and regulatory pathways.
The microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg2B2O5 whisker-reinforced ZK60 composites fabricated by powder metallurgy
Authors: Li Shangpeng , Zhu Yunpeng , Li Xiaoqiang , Liu Fulai , Ma Guojun , Wang Jinhui , Zhang Chang , Jin Peipeng 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
ZK60 magnesium matrix composites were prepared by a powder metallurgy method which including ball milling, hot pressing sintering and hot extrusion and reinforced with varied mass fractions of Mg2B2O5 whiskers (3%, 5%, 7%, 9%, and 15%). The effects of the precipitated phase, reinforcement and texture on the mechanical properties of the as-extruded Mg2B2O5w/ZK60 magnesium matrix composites were investigated. The results show that the 7 wt% Mg2B2O5 whiskers were uniformly distributed in the matrix, and the average grain size of α-Mg in the composites was finer than that in the as-extruded ZK60 alloy. The transmission electron microscopy images show no obvious defect although the interfacial bonding between the Mg2B2O5 whisker and the matrix was mechanical bonding. Versus the as-extruded ZK60 alloy, the texture is enhanced by the addition of Mg2B2O5 whisker into the magnesium matrix. In addition, the tensile yield strength (TYS) and the compression yield strength (CYS) of the 7 wt% Mg2B2O5 whisker-reinforced ZK60 composites increased by 14.1% and 40.3%, respectively. Hall-Petch strengthening and load transfer are the main mechanisms for 7 wt% Mg2B2O5 whisker-reinforced ZK60 composites in the composites.
Identifying psychiatric disorder-associated gut microbiota using microbiota-related gene set enrichment analysis
Authors: Cheng Shiqiang , Han Bei , Ding Miao , Wen Yan , Ma Mei , Zhang Lu , Qi Xin , Cheng Bolun , Li Ping , Kafle Om Prakash , Liang Xiao , Liu Li , Du Yanan , Zhao Yan , Zhang Feng 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are a group of complex psychological syndromes with high prevalence. It has been reported that gut microbiota has a dominant influence on the risks of psychiatric disorders through gut microbiota–brain axis. We extended the classic gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) approach to detect the association between gut microbiota and complex diseases using published genome-wide association study (GWAS) and GWAS of gut microbiota summary data. We applied our approach to real GWAS data sets of five psychiatric disorders, including attention deficiency/hyperactive disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (AUT), bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenia (SCZ) and major depressive disorder (MDD). To evaluate the performance of our approach, we also tested the genetic correlations of obesity and type 2 diabetes with gut microbiota. We identified several significant associations between psychiatric disorders and gut microbiota, such as ADHD and genus Desulfovibrio (P = 0.031), order Clostridiales (P = 0.034). For AUT, association signals were observed for genera Bacteroides (P = 0.012) and Desulfovibrio (P = 0.033). Genus Desulfovibrio (P = 0.005) appeared to be associated with BD. For MDD, association signals were observed for genus Desulfovibrio (P = 0.003), order Clostridiales (P = 0.004), family Lachnospiraceae (P = 0.007) and genus Bacteroides (P = 0.007). Genus Desulfovibrio (P = 0.012) and genus Bacteroides (P = 0.038) appeared to be associated with SCZ. Our study results provide novel clues for revealing the roles of gut microbiota in psychiatric disorders. This study also illustrated the good performance of GSEA approach for exploring the relationships between gut microbiota and complex diseases.
Patent foramen ovale closure for secondary stroke prevention
Authors: Alkhouli Mohamad , Sievert Horst , Holmes David R 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Transcatheter closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) in patients with cryptogenic stroke is gaining momentum after the recent publication of four randomized clinical trials suggesting its benefit. This article provides a contemporary overview of the anatomy and pathophysiology of PFO, the available diagnostic tools for the assessment and risk stratification of PFO, and the current and future landscape of PFO closure devices and their optimal utilization. It also summarizes the current data on PFO closure for stroke prevention, and discusses the remaining open issues in the field of PFO closure.
What Fish Can Teach Us about the Feeding Functions of Postcranial Muscles and Joints
Authors: Camp Ariel L 
Published: March 2019

AbstractStudies of vertebrate feeding have predominantly focused on the bones and muscles of the head, not the body. Yet, postcranial musculoskeletal structures like the spine and pectoral girdle are anatomically linked to the head, and may also have mechanical connections through which they can contribute to feeding. The feeding roles of postcranial structures have been best studied in ray-finned fishes, where the body muscles, vertebral column, and pectoral girdle attach directly to the head and help expand the mouth during suction feeding. Therefore, I use the anatomy and motion of the head–body interface in these fishes to develop a mechanical framework for studying postcranial functions during feeding. In fish the head and body are linked by the vertebral column, the pectoral girdle, and the body muscles that actuate these skeletal systems. The morphology of the joints and muscles of the cranio-vertebral and hyo-pectoral interfaces may determine the mobility of the head relative to the body, and ultimately the role of these interfaces during feeding. The postcranial interfaces can function as anchors during feeding: the body muscles and joints minimize motion between the head and body to stabilize the head or transmit forces from the body. Alternatively, the postcranial interfaces can be motors: body muscles actuate motion between the head and body to generate power for feeding motions. The motor function is likely important for many suction-feeding fishes, while the anchor function may be key for bite- or ram-feeding fishes. This framework can be used to examine the role of the postcranial interface in other vertebrate groups, and how that role changes (or not) with morphology and feeding behaviors. Such studies can expand our understanding of muscle function, as well as the evolution of vertebrate feeding behaviors across major transitions such as the invasion of land and the emergence of jaws.
Informational Lobbying and Pareto-Improving Agenda Constraint
Authors: Dellis Arnaud , Oak Mandar 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Interest groups (IGs) lobby policymaker (PM) by offering verifiable, policy-relevant information. The PM is limited in (1) his ability to verify the information offered by the IGs (access constraint) and (2) the number of issues he can implement reform on (agenda constraint). We show that when there exists an access constraint but no agenda constraint, the equilibrium exhibits “overlobbying,” that is, an IG with unfavorable information may lobby hoping that, the PM, unable to verify the information, may take the costly act of lobbying as a signal of favorable information and therefore implement reform on its issue. We then show that the presence of an agenda constraint can improve information transmission by curbing overlobbying. We identify circumstances under which an agenda constraint improves the ex ante expected welfare of both the PM and of each IG, thereby generating a Pareto improvement. (JEL D72, D78, D83)
Integrable Complex Structures on Twistor Spaces
Authors: Gindi Steven 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We introduce integrable complex structures on twistor spaces fibered over complex manifolds. We then show, in particular, that the twistor spaces associated with generalized Kahler, SKT and strong HKT manifolds all naturally admit complex structures. Moreover, in the strong HKT case, we construct a metric and three compatible complex structures on the twistor space that have equal torsions.
Carcinoma Erysipeloides From Metastatic Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Initially Mistaken for Intralymphatic Histiocytosis
Authors: Heath Michael S. , Slaught Christa , Ortega-Loayza Alex G. , Mengden Stephanie 
Published: March 2019

Abstract:
Intralymphatic histiocytosis is a rare dermatologic disorder, commonly associated with inflammatory disorders and rarely malignancy. Carcinoma erysipeloides (CE) is a rare pseudoinflammatory cutaneous eruption that resembles soft -tissue infections as result of intralymphatic metastasis and subsequent lymphatic obstruction. Breast carcinoma represents most of the CE cases, but rarely other malignancies are involved. This report discusses a patient with a history of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the temple, who was initially diagnosed with intralymphatic histiocytosis located on his upper extremity, resistant to treatment. Further dermatologic and pathologic review later revealed metastatic SCC restricted to the dermal lymphatics, creating a CE reaction, initially obscured by intralymphatic histiocytes. This case highlights the difficulty in diagnosing metastatic carcinoma when the malignant cells are accompanied by a dense histiocytic infiltrate. The case demonstrates a rare presentation of CE due to metastatic cutaneous SCC and highlights the need for persistent investigation when confronted with nonconforming pathology.
Renal Cell Carcinoma Antigen Expression in Primary Cutaneous Endocrine Mucinous Carcinomas: A Case Series of 14 Patients and Review of the Literature
Authors: Ansari Ahmed N. , Bobos Mattheos , Shih Shawn , Chen Mark Chien-Chin , Ardakani Nima M. , Rosales Cecilia M. , Chen Chih-Jung , Savage Christopher , Bracey Tim , McKee Phillip H. , Cerruto Carlos A. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract:
Endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma (EMPSGC) and primary cutaneous mucinous carcinoma (PCMC) are both uncommon low-grade cutaneous adnexal tumors with predilection for the eyelids of elderly women. Their clinical appearance is nonspecific, typically presenting as a slowly growing poorly circumscribed papule, nodule, plaque, or swelling. Histological features of EMPSGC include a lobulated dermal neoplasm with bland cytology and an invasive mucinous component in up to half of the cases. PCMC exhibits tumor nests suspended in abundant pools of mucin with focal strands or nests of tumor cells infiltrating the dermis. Because of their rarity and banal cytological features, both entities pose a risk for misdiagnosis with other benign/malignant cutaneous adnexal neoplasms. Histomorphological features can suggest a diagnosis of EMPSGC or PCMC, but immunohistochemistry is necessary for confirmation. A review of the literature showed variable results of antigens present in EMPSGC, and many of the positive markers only show sparse or focal immunoreactivity of tumor cells. As a result, diffusely positive markers play a crucial role in identification of these tumors, particularly with initial superficial biopsies. We present 9 cases of EMPSGC and 5 cases of PCMC with strong and diffuse immunoreactivity to renal cell carcinoma antigen. This novel finding can be useful in the diagnosis of EMPSGC and PCMC in combination with other known positive markers to differentiate them from other cutaneous neoplasms. In addition, it provides further evidence that EMPSGC could be a precursor lesion to PCMC with both existing on a spectrum.
Polypoid Compound Melanocytic Proliferations: A Clinicopathological Study
Authors: Mesbah Ardakani Nima , Harvey Nathan Tobias , Wood Benjamin Andrew 
Published: March 2019

Abstract:
Nevi can show a polypoid appearance both clinically and histologically. Anecdotally, polypoid compound melanocytic nevus may exhibit a spectrum of junctional architectural and cytologic atypia, at times creating a diagnostic challenge by mimicking the radial growth phase of melanoma. To investigate this issue, we prospectively reviewed 40 polypoid compound melanocytic proliferations without overt malignant features. The lesions frequently occurred in young female patients and were predominantly from the trunk and intertriginous areas. Commonly observed atypical features included asymmetry (30%), shouldering (47.5%), poor circumscription (37.5%), and deep extension of melanocytes along the adnexal structures (67.5%). Severe cytologic junctional atypia (22.5%), dermal mitoses (10%), and pagetoid spread of melanocytes (5%) were less commonly seen. All lesions showed a reassuring dermal component with negligible cytologic atypia and maturation with depth. Overall, 7 lesions could not be readily classified as benign nevus; 5 of these in which a benign diagnosis was strongly favored were classified as atypical polypoid compound melanocytic nevi, whereas 2 lesions with diffuse severe junctional cytologic atypia and dermal mitoses were classified as ambiguous melanocytic proliferations. Atypical/ambiguous lesions were significantly larger and predominantly located in the axilla and groin. On molecular studies, none of the lesions tested showed the molecular profile of melanoma. We confirmed that polypoid compound melanocytic nevus can exhibit a variable degree of junctional atypia, likely related to frequent episodes of trauma and regeneration resulting in melanocytic proliferation. Pathologists should be aware of this phenomenon to avoid overdiagnosis.
αEβ7 Expression Increases With the Extent of Cutaneous Involvement in Mycosis Fungoides
Authors: Barata Mariangela Crispino , Teixeira Solange Pistori , Batista Mariana Dias , Tomimori Jane , Landman Gilles , Silva Maria Regina Regis 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Cell adhesion molecules are essential to lymphocyte migration in neoplastic and inflammatory skin diseases. Our aim was to investigate possible differences in cell adhesion molecule expression between mycosis fungoides (MF) and inflammatory skin diseases (drug reactions and allergic contact dermatitis).

Methods:
We selected 33 biopsies from patients with MF and 10 biopsies of patients with inflammatory skin diseases from Department of Pathology—Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) from January 1997 to December 2013. Expression of α4β1 integrin and αEβ7 integrin was assessed by immunohistochemistry in intraepidermal lymphocytes by counting 4 microscopic epidermal fields (×400) and comparing those between the 2 groups.

Results:
We observed increased expression of integrin αEβ7 in intraepidermal lymphocytes in advanced stages of MF (T3 and T4). αEβ7 expression was detected in intraepidermal dendritic cells of MF and inflammatory diseases samples. The expression of E-cadherin in epidermal cells in MF outlined Pautrier microabscesses, whereas in inflammatory diseases, spongiosis reduced its expression in keratinocytes.

Conclusions:
The findings presented here support the idea that the lymphocyte migratory mechanism observed in neoplasms is similar to that of inflammatory processes of the skin.
Secondary Congenital Glaucoma Associated With Retro-orbital Infantile Hemangioma: A Masquerade Syndrome
Authors: Ramtohul Prithvi , Beylerian Marie , Dambricourt Loic , Matonti Frédéric , Denis Danièle 
Published: March 2019

Purpose:
The main purpose of this study was to describe a unique case of retro-orbital infantile hemangioma (IH) simulating a congenital glaucoma requiring prompt management with systemic propranolol.

Study Design:
This was a case report.

Results:
A 2-month-old white female was referred to our department of ophthalmology for progressive, unilateral protrusion of the left eye associated with epiphora. Clinical examination was suggestive of congenital glaucoma, as evidenced by high intraocular pressure, optic disc cup, increased corneal diameter, and axial length. The left eye proptosis was measured at 4 mm with the Hertel exophthalmometer. Cycloplegic refraction discloses high degree of astigmatism in the left eye. A cerebral and orbital magnetic resonance imaging revealed an intraconal vascular mass evocative of orbital IH.
Oral propranolol was initiated and resulted in a rapid radiologic reduction of the IH. Concomitantly, the notable finding was the reversal of congenital glaucoma parameters without the need of surgery.

Conclusions:
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first observation of a secondary congenital glaucoma reversal with oral propranolol used for orbital IH management.
The Paediatric electronic Persistent Pain Outcomes Collaboration (PaedePPOC): establishment of a binational system for benchmarking children's persistent pain services
Authors: Lord Susan M. , Tardif Hilarie P. , Kepreotes Elizabeth A. , Blanchard Megan , Eagar Kathy 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Chronic or persistent pain is a growing global health problem. Effective management of pain emerging in childhood may prevent long-term health and vocational consequences. Internationally, paediatric pain services are a limited resource and, as such, must strive to improve equity, outcomes, and value for money. The Paediatric electronic Persistent Pain Outcomes Collaboration (PaedePPOC) is a binational paediatric outcome measurement centre that aims to measure, benchmark, and improve children's specialist pain services in Australasia. This study documents the establishment of PaedePPOC and presents baseline and initial outcome data. Binational consensus meetings determined the measures. Governance structures, collection protocols, information technology, site-specific logistics, and onsite training were achieved within 18 months. Children and parents complete baseline and progress questionnaires. Seven of 10 Australasian services provided data to PaedePPOC, with 1432 patients enrolled until June 2018. At baseline, patients were 12.4 ± (3.0) years, 68% female, 93% Australian-born, and 5% Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people. Most had moderate–severe functional disability and impaired quality of life, with pain affecting school attendance and employment. Opioid-containing medicines were used often or daily by 16%. Patients completing outcome measures at treatment end reported clinically significant improvement in pain intensity (49% of patients), functional ability (59%), and quality of life (69%). The PaedePPOC initiative has been successfully integrated into children's pain services, yielding timely point-of-care information to support clinicians and families, and valuable binational and service data to inform quality improvement and future sector planning.
Efficacy and safety of loxoprofen sodium topical patch for the treatment of pain in patients with minor acute traumatic limb injuries in Brazil: a randomized, double-blind, noninferiority trial
Authors: Fujiki Edison N. , Netto Nicola A. , Kraychete Durval C. , Daher Murilo T. , Tardini Ricardo , Nakamoto Allyson , Lopes Danilo G. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Posttraumatic injury pain is commonly treated with oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. However, oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs cause several adverse events, with topical formulations arising as an important alternative. Therefore, we aimed at evaluating the efficacy and safety of loxoprofen patch (LX-P) in the treatment of patients with posttraumatic pain. This phase III, randomized, double-blind, noninferiority study enrolled Brazilian patients aged 18 to 65 years diagnosed with lower and upper limb posttraumatic injury who were experiencing moderate or severe pain. Patients were assigned to active LX-P or to loxoprofen tablet (LX-T), and pain intensity was measured based on a visual analog scale score variation after 7 days of treatment. Data on clinical symptoms, rescue medication use, and adverse events were also collected. Visual analog scale score variation was compared using a 10% noninferiority margin. Two hundred forty-two patients were randomly assigned to LX-P (n = 123) or to LX-T (n = 119). The results showed a reduction in pain after 7 days of treatment: −49.96 (n = 118; SE 1.7) in the LX-P and −47.71 (n = 117; SE 1.6) in the LX-T groups (difference of −2.25; 95% CI: −5.97 to 1.47; P = 0.23). On the safety analysis, the LX-T group presented twice as many patients with treatment-emergent adverse events as the LX-P group (30.8% and 14.2%, respectively). A sensitivity analysis demonstrated that rescue medication use has not affected the primary end point. This study showed that LX-P has a comparable efficacy to LX-T, but with a better safety profile, being a therapeutic option for the treatment of posttraumatic injury pain.