bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of a wheat germ diet for mass rearingDrosophila suzukii
Authors: Gonzalez‐Cabrera Jaime , Contreras‐Bermudez Yadira , Sanchez‐Gonzalez Jorge A. , Mendoza‐Ceballos Mario Y. , Arredondo‐Bernal Hugo C. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFour local parasitoids of spotted wing drosophila,Drosophila suzukii(Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), were collected in Mexico in 2013–2015. To increase insectary production of the fly for mass rearing of its parasitoids, a wheat germ diet that uses low‐cost ingredients was optimized through the orthogonal array L9 (34, i.e., four controllable factors with three levels each) (Taguchi method). The resulting optimized diet consisted of 12 ml ethyl alcohol, 36 g maize flour, 45 g table sugar, and 42 g brewer's yeast. Confirmation tests indicated that this diet produced 33.9, 87.0, and 78.6% more larvae, pupae, and adults, respectively, than the old version (non‐optimized wheat germ recipe) but there were no statistical differences in sex ratio, hind tibia length of females, and developmental time from egg to adult. Additionally, the optimized diet had a similar performance in most of the evaluated parameters (same as in the confirmation tests) compared to banana, the current host of theD. suzukiicolony. These results indicate that an improved wheat germ diet is available to rear this fly, which will facilitate the rearing of its local parasitoids.
Wear of direct resin composites and teeth: considerations for oral rehabilitation
Authors: Osiewicz Magdalena A. , Werner Arie , Roeters Franciscus J. M. , Kleverlaan Cornelis J. 
Published: January 2019

Little is known about the wear rate of enamel and dentin opposing resin composite following restoration of the occlusal surface in patients with tooth wear. Hence, the aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the wear of enamel and dentin surfaces when opposing each of three resin composites in a two‐body and three‐body wear test. The two‐body and three‐body wear of dentin, enamel, and three resin composites (Clearfil AP‐X, Filtek Z250, and Filtek Supreme) opposing four antagonists (stainless steel and three resin composites) were evaluated using the ACTA wear machine. In addition, all the surfaces were evaluated with scanning electron microscopy. The results showed the lowest wear rate in enamel and the highest in dentine, with the composite showing intermediate wear rates. The three‐body wear results were not affected by the antagonist and showed pure wear caused by the abrasive food medium. The in vitro enamel/composite wear ratio was 2.5. The results show that tooth wear accelerates as soon as enamel disappears and dentin is exposed to composite resin. Therefore, it is important to protect dentin with a restorative material.
Surgical management of foreign body obstruction of the small and large colons in 29 equids (2004–2016)
Authors: Oreff G. L. , Tatz A. J. , Dahan R. , Raz T. , Kelmer G. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryThe objectives of the study were to describe the clinical presentation, surgical findings, complications and outcome of a case series of small and large colon obstruction by foreign bodies (FBs) in horses. The study is a retrospective case series which included 29 equids (28 horses and one donkey). Medical records of cases diagnosed withFBobstruction of the large or small colon between the years 2004 and 2016 that underwent surgery were reviewed. Data regarding signalment, clinical signs, surgical findings and post‐operative variables were recorded. Short‐ (survival to hospital discharge) and long‐ (1 year after surgery) term survival rates were obtained. Cases had a mean age of 4.2 years, with both females and Arabian horses being overrepresented. Abdominal distention was the most common observation on presentation and theFBcould be palpated in 20% of the cases during rectal examination. The most common reason to go into surgery was severe pain with abdominal distention. Significantly moreFBs were found in the small colon during surgery (P<0.0001) and most were removed by small colon enterotomy. Complications rate post‐operatively was relatively high (41%) with fever and diarrhoea being most common. Twenty‐three cases (79%) were released from the hospital and all cases that were available for long‐term follow‐up were alive and returned to previous activity. No correlation between the chosen method of surgical removal of theFBand survival or complications post‐operatively was noted. These data reflect favourable prognosis for surgical removal of colonicFBs. Few techniques are available to improve the safety of removal and the preferred method depends on theFBlocation, appearance and mobility. AsFBobstruction resembles ‘noncomplicated’ colonic impaction, it is essential to try and recogniseFBcases since deterioration can be rapid and surgery is the only sufficient treatment.
High nursing workload is a main associated factor of poor hand hygiene adherence in Beijing, China: An observational study
Authors: Zhang Shan , Kong Xiangping , Lamb Karen V. , Wu Ying 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to explore the impact of nurse workloads on adherence to hand hygiene.BackgroundAdherence to hand hygiene and nursing workloads have been linked to quality of patient care. Therefore, it was important to understand the relationship to safe patient care.DesignThis cross‐sectional study was performed from January 2016 to June 2016.MethodsWorkloads and adherence to hand hygiene for nurses on 3‐day shifts in a tertiary hospital were investigated in 2016. Actual hours worked per shift were timed using a stopwatch to assess nursing workloads. Descriptive and inferential statistics and multiple variable regression analysis were used to analyse the data.ResultsSixty‐four nurses from four wards were observed. The average adherence rate of hand hygiene was 26.6% and the average nursing workload per shift was 6.7 hours. Multiple regression revealed that nursing workload was negatively related to adherence rate of hand hygiene.ConclusionNurses in this study that had a low rate of adherence with hand hygiene frequently had high workloads. Adherence to hand hygiene was independently associated with actual hours worked per shift.
An application of goal content theory to examine how desired exercise outcomes impact fitness technology feature set selection
Authors: James Tabitha L. , Deane Jason K. , Wallace Linda 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFitness technologies are a prominent example of the societal trend towards personal informatics. These technologies pair devices that have various embedded sensors with one or more apps to allow for the collection, analysis, socialization, and management of individuals' health and wellness data. We have limited insight into what drives the use of fitness technologies or how they may contribute to wellness outcomes. To address this gap, our study examines how exercise goals are related to fitness technology feature set use and how the use is associated with a measure of the exercisers' psychological well‐being (ie, subjective vitality). We find that intrinsic exercise goals (eg, enjoyment or competence) are associated with the use of features that allow users to collect, analyse, and inform their exercise progress. Body‐focused extrinsic exercise goals (eg, appearance) are also associated with the use of such features but are negatively associated with features that socialize exercise. The social extrinsic exercise goal is associated with the use of more controlling features that can provide external pressure from the technology or other people. The social features of fitness technologies are associated with higher levels of subjective vitality. Our findings indicate that exercisers who have goals where measuring progress may be desired (eg, losing weight and training for a marathon) are more likely to be drawn to the data management aspects of fitness technologies, whereas using fitness technologies to socialize exercise may add an element of enjoyment that is attractive to some users and may lead to increased well‐being.
Present bias and corporate tax policies
Authors: Kang Minwook , Ye Lei Sandy 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTwo major forms of corporate tax policies are dividend and profits taxes. Based on conventional corporate theory, these tax policies distort the firm's investment decisions and decrease firm value. However, this paper shows that under hyperbolically discounted preferences, dividend taxation is capable of boosting firm investment in a value‐enhancing way. The hyperbolically discounted present value can be interpreted as reflecting irrational myopic preferences or, as we demonstrate, reduced‐form implications of corporate agency issues. Both cases result in an underinvestment problem for the firm, but the firm valuation criteria differ. The optimal taxation issue is discussed under a Cobb–Douglas production function setting.
Out of the Middle East: New phylogenetic insights in the genus Tamarix (Tamaricaceae)
Authors: Villar Jose L. , Alonso M. Ángeles , Juan Ana , Gaskin John F. , Crespo Manuel B. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTamarix is one of the taxonomically most complex genera among the angiosperms, and there is little consensus regarding its infrageneric classification. Here we present the most complete phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus to date. This includes a DNA phylogenetic tree based on nuclear ribosomal ITS, and a plastid DNA phylogeny based on three intergenic spacers (trnS‐trnG, ndhF‐rpl32, and trnQ‐rps16). In total, both nuclear and plastid phylogenetic analyses include more than 70 samples of 39 species from 27 countries, which represent close to 60% of the diversity of the genus. Two complementary trees, based only on one plastid marker, are also included. The first, based on trnS‐trnG, is used to increase the number of species related to T. amplexicaulis. The second, based on ndhF‐rpl32, is used to investigate the separation between T. tetrandra and T. parviflora. The incongruence between the available infrageneric classifications and the molecular results is confirmed. A reticulate evolution is inferred from the trees, showing characters such as vaginate leaves appearing at different stages along the evolutionary history of the genus. The presence of T. canariensis outside the Canary Islands is cast into doubt, and all such records from NW Africa and Europe are here considered to belong to T. gallica. The results also suggest independence of T. karelinii from T. hispida, and T. parviflora from T. tetrandra. Relationships between a number of species are still not resolved, and additional studies will be needed to further refine the complex taxonomy of Tamarix.
Cross‐sectional and longitudinal associations between psychosocial well‐being and sleep in European children and adolescents
Authors: Thumann Barbara F. , Börnhorst Claudia , Michels Nathalie , Veidebaum Toomas , Solea Antonia , Reisch Lucia , Moreno Luis A. , Lauria Fabio , Kaprio Jaakko , Hunsberger Monica , Felső Regina , Gwozdz Wencke , De Henauw Stefaan , Ahrens Wolfgang ,   the IDEFICS and I.Family consortia
Published: January 2019

AbstractResearch on associations of positive mental health, in contrast to mental ill‐health, with sleep duration and sleep disturbances in young populations is scarce. In particular, longitudinal studies focussing on the influence of positive mental health on sleep characteristics are lacking. Therefore, we investigated cross‐sectional and longitudinal associations of psychosocial well‐being with sleep duration and sleep disturbances. For the cross‐sectional analysis, we used data of 3‐15‐year‐old children and adolescents participating in the 2013/14 examination of the European IDEFICS/I.Family cohort study (N = 6,336). The longitudinal analysis was restricted to children who also participated in the 2009/10 examination (N = 3,379). Associations between a psychosocial well‐being score created from 16 items of the KINDLR Health‐Related Quality of Life Questionnaire covering emotional well‐being, self‐esteem and social relationships, an age‐standardized nocturnal sleep duration z‐score and two sleep disturbance indicators (“trouble getting up in the morning”, “difficulties falling asleep”) were estimated using linear and logistic mixed‐effects models. Cross‐sectionally, a higher well‐being score was associated with longer sleep duration and lower odds of sleep disturbances. A positive change in the well‐being score over the 4‐year period was associated with longer sleep duration and lower odds of sleep disturbances at follow‐up. However, there was only weak evidence that higher psychosocial well‐being at baseline was associated with better sleep 4 years later. Thus, our results suggest that increases in well‐being are associated with improvements in both sleep duration and sleep disturbances, but that well‐being measured at one point in time does not predict sleep characteristics several years later.
Differential responses of C3 and C4 grasses to shrub effects in a sub‐humid grassland of South America
Authors: Fernández Gastón , Altesor Alice 
Published: January 2019

AbstractQuestionsPlant–plant interactions are key processes that strongly affect the survival, growth and reproduction of individuals in plant communities. In grasslands, the micro‐environment generated under the canopy of shrubs could differentially affect co‐occurring species with different abiotic requirements. In a C3/C4 grassland with scattered shrubs, we asked the following questions: (a) Does the aerial effect, the below‐ground effect, and the net effect of shrubs affect the vegetative and reproductive biomass, the number of tillers, the biomass allocation, and the leaf elongation rate of grasses? and (b) Do these effects differ between C3 and C4 grasses?LocationTemperate sub‐humid grassland of Uruguay.MethodsWe planted one C3 and two C4 grasses under a shrub canopy and in adjacent open sites. Half of the grasses were planted with a fabric bag to reduce root competition with the shrub. We measured leaf elongation rate, the number of tillers produced and the biomass of the grasses in every treatment. We also measured photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), air temperature and wind speed under shrub canopies and in adjacent open sites.ResultsRoot biomass, aerial biomass and reproductive biomass, the number of tillers and the leaf elongation rate of the C4 grasses were negatively affected by the reduction in radiation and probably by below‐ground competition with the shrub. On the other hand, the leaf elongation rate of the C3 grasses was positively affected by the shrub canopy. PPFD, air temperature and wind speed were lower under shrubs than in adjacent open sites.ConclusionsOur results show the interplay between plant interactions and photosynthetic metabolism on the vegetative and reproductive performance of grasses. The micro‐environmental conditions generated below shrub canopies create a more appropriate site for the growth of C3 than for C4 grasses. These results show that shrubs may differentially affect co‐occurring species with different abiotic requirements.
Population genomics demystifies the defoliation phenotype in the plant pathogen Verticillium dahliae
Authors: Zhang Dan‐Dan , Wang Jie , Wang Dan , Kong Zhi‐Qiang , Zhou Lei , Zhang Geng‐Yun , Gui Yue‐Jing , Li Jun‐Jiao , Huang Jin‐Qun , Wang Bao‐Li , Liu Chun , Yin Chun‐Mei , Li Rui‐Xing , Li Ting‐Gang , Wang Jin‐Long , Short Dylan P. G. , Klosterman Steven J. , Bostock Richard M. , Subbarao Krishna V. , Chen Jie‐Yin , Dai Xiao‐Feng 
Published: January 2019

Summary

Verticillium dahliae is a broad host‐range pathogen that causes vascular wilts in plants. Interactions between three hosts and specific V. dahliae genotypes result in severe defoliation. The underlying mechanisms of defoliation are unresolved.

Genome resequencing, gene deletion and complementation, gene expression analysis, sequence divergence, defoliating phenotype identification, virulence analysis, and quantification of V. dahliae secondary metabolites were performed.

Population genomics previously revealed that G‐LSR2 was horizontally transferred from the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum to V. dahliae and is exclusively found in the genomes of defoliating (D) strains. Deletion of seven genes within G‐LSR2, designated as VdDf genes, produced the nondefoliation phenotype on cotton, olive, and okra but complementation of two genes restored the defoliation phenotype. Genes VdDf5 and VdDf6 associated with defoliation shared homology with polyketide synthases involved in secondary metabolism, whereas VdDf7 shared homology with proteins involved in the biosynthesis of N‐lauroylethanolamine (N‐acylethanolamine (NAE) 12:0), a compound that induces defoliation. NAE overbiosynthesis by D strains also appears to disrupt NAE metabolism in cotton by inducing overexpression of fatty acid amide hydrolase.

The VdDfs modulate the synthesis and overproduction of secondary metabolites, such as NAE 12:0, that cause defoliation either by altering abscisic acid sensitivity, hormone disruption, or sensitivity to the pathogen.
An 11‐country study to benchmark the implementation of recommended nutrition policies by national governments using the Healthy Food Environment Policy Index, 2015‐2018
Authors: Vandevijvere Stefanie , Barquera Simon , Caceres Gabriela , Corvalan Camila , Karupaiah Tilakavati , Kroker‐Lobos Maria Fernanda , L'Abbé Mary , Ng See Hoe , Phulkerd Sirinya , Ramirez‐Zea Manuel , Rebello Salome A. , Reyes Marcela , Sacks Gary , Sánchez Nóchez Carmen María , Sanchez Karina , Sanders David , Spires Mark , Swart Rina , Tangcharoensathien Viroj , Tay Zoey , Taylor Anna , Tolentino‐Mayo Lizbeth , Van Dam Rob , Vanderlee Lana , Watson Fiona , Whitton Clare , Swinburn Boyd 
Published: January 2019

SummaryThe Healthy Food Environment Policy Index (Food‐EPI) aims to assess the extent of implementation of recommended food environment policies by governments compared with international best practices and prioritize actions to fill implementation gaps. The Food‐EPI was applied in 11 countries across six regions (2015‐2018). National public health nutrition panels (n = 11‐101 experts) rated the extent of implementation of 47 policy and infrastructure support good practice indicators by their government(s) against best practices, using an evidence document verified by government officials. Experts identified and prioritized actions to address implementation gaps. The proportion of indicators at “very low if any,” “low,” “medium,” and “high” implementation, overall Food‐EPI scores, and priority action areas were compared across countries. Inter‐rater reliability was good (GwetAC2 = 0.6‐0.8). Chile had the highest proportion of policies (13%) rated at “high” implementation, while Guatemala had the highest proportion of policies (83%) rated at “very low if any” implementation. The overall Food‐EPI score was “medium” for Australia, England, Chile, and Singapore, while “very low if any” for Guatemala. Policy areas most frequently prioritized included taxes on unhealthy foods, restricting unhealthy food promotion and front‐of‐pack labelling. The Food‐EPI was found to be a robust tool and process to benchmark governments' progress to create healthy food environments.
Beyond the bone: Bone morphogenetic protein signaling in adipose tissue
Authors: Blázquez‐Medela Ana M. , Jumabay Medet , Boström Kristina I. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryThe bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) belong to the same superfamily as related to transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), growth and differentiation factors (GDFs), and activins. They were initially described as inducers of bone formation but are now known to be involved in morphogenetic activities and cell differentiation throughout the body, including the development of adipose tissue and adipogenic differentiation. BMP4 and BMP7 are the most studied BMPs in adipose tissue, with major roles in white adipogenesis and brown adipogenesis, respectively, but other BMPs such as BMP2, BMP6, and BMP8b as well as some inhibitors and modulators have been shown to also affect adipogenesis. It has become ever more important to understand adipose regulation, including the BMP pathways, in light of the strong links between obesity and metabolic and cardiovascular disease. In this review, we summarize the available information on BMP signaling in adipose tissue using preferentially articles that have appeared in the last decade, which together demonstrate the importance of BMP signaling in adipose biology.
Global Determinants of the Gold Price: A Multivariate Cointegration Analysis
Authors: Murach Michael 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe present paper follows publications which have investigated the influence of global liquidity developments on commodity prices and asset price indices. It contributes to the literature by analyzing how global developments in money, output, and inflation can be related to developments in gold prices in a long‐run perspective. Applying a multivariate cointegration (CVAR) analysis, this study investigates long‐run relationships between these variables. The results suggest a significant influence of excess global liquidity on real gold prices and a co‐movement of real gold prices and global inflation.
Time–frequency relationship between US inflation and inflation uncertainty: evidence from historical data
Authors: Albulescu Claudiu Tiberiu , Tiwari Aviral Kumar , Miller Stephen M. , Gupta Rangan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe provide new evidence on the relationship between inflation and its uncertainty in the United States on an historical basis, covering the period from 1775 to 2014. First, we use a bounded approach for measuring inflation uncertainty, as proposed by Chan et al. (2013), and compare the results with the Stock and Watson (2007) and Chan (2015) methods. Second, we employ the wavelet methodology to analyze the comovements and causal effects between the two series. Our results provide evidence of a relationship between inflation and its uncertainty that varies across time and frequency. First, we show that in the medium and long runs, the Freidman–Ball hypothesis holds with a bounded measure of uncertainty, while if the Stock and Watson (2007) measure of uncertainty is used, the Cukierman–Meltzer reasoning prevails. Therefore, the findings are sensitive to the way inflation uncertainty is computed. Second, we discover mixed evidence about the inflation–uncertainty nexus in the short run, findings that explain the mixed results reported to date in the empirical literature.