bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population collapse and adaptive rescue during long‐term chemostat fermentation
Authors: Rai Navneet , Huynh Linh , Kim Minseung , Tagkopoulos Ilias 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMicrobial fermentation is an essential process for research and industrial applications, yet our understanding of cellular dynamics during long‐term fermentation is limited. Here, we report a reproducible phenomenon of abrupt population collapse followed by a rapid population rescue that was observed during long‐term chemostat cultivations, for various strains of Escherichia coli in minimal media. Through genome resequencing and whole‐genome transcriptional profiling of replicate runs over time, we identified that changes in the tRNA and carbon catabolic genes are the genetic basis of this phenomenon. Since current fermentation models are unable to capture the observed dynamics, we present an extended model that takes into account critical biological processes during fermentation, and we further validated carbon source predictions through forward experimentation. This study extends the predictability of current models for microbial fermentation and adds to our system‐level knowledge of cellular adaptation during this crucial biotechnological process.
Acetylcholine spasm provocation test by trans‐radial artery and brachial vein approach
Authors: Sueda Shozo , Fujimoto Kaori , Sasaki Yasuhiro , Sakaue Tomoki , Habara Hirokazu , Kohno Hiroaki 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundTemporary pace maker is necessary because of transient block or bradycardia during the intracoronary acetylcholine spasm provocation tests based on the Japanese Circulation Society guidelines.ObjectivesWe examined the feasibility and safety of the acetylcholine spasm provocation test via the radial artery and brachial vein approach.MethodsWe tried to perform the acetylcholine spasm provocation tests in 252 patients via the radial artery and brachial vein approach procedures during 5 years. Acetylcholine was injected in incremental doses of 20/50/80 μg into the right coronary artery (RCA) and 20/50/100/200 μg into the left coronary artery (LCA). Back‐up pacing rate was set at 40 beats/min. Positive spasm was defined as transient ≥90% luminal narrowing and ischemic electrocardiographic change or usual chest pain.ResultsThe procedure success of radial artery and brachial vein access was 94.4% (238/252) and 93.3% (235/252), respectively. We performed 221 patients (87.7%) with acetylcholine tests by radial artery and brachial vein approach. We changed to the brachial approach due to the failures of radial artery access in 14 patients. We also changed to the femoral vein in 11 patients and internal jugular vein in two patients. Back‐up pace maker rhythm was observed in 92.1% (232/252) of all study patients, while it was significantly higher in the RCA testing than that in the LCA tests (84.9% (191/225) vs. 52.2% (131/251), P < 0.001). No irreversible complication was found.ConclusionsWe recommend the radial artery and brachial vein approach for safety and convenience when performing the acetylcholine spasm provocation tests.
Trans‐radial closure of coronary artery fistulae using Amplatzer vascular plug IV: A case series
Authors: Valsecchi Orazio , Vassileva Angelina , Martella Francesco , Cereda Alberto Francesco 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundTrans‐catheter closure of coronary artery fistulae (CAF) has become a successful alternative to cardiac surgery with excellent results and acceptable low rate of complications. Different techniques and devices are available to treat the extreme anatomical variability of CAF.AimWe retrospectively describe our case series of five patients trans‐radially treated using an Amplatzer vascular plug IV (AVP‐IV) with telescoping catheter technique.ResultsTrans‐radial closure of CAF using the “Child in Mother” technique with dedicated catheters to deliver the vascular plugs AVP‐IV was successfully performed in all patients, in one case for a complex CAF, an hybrid step approach using coils and plugs was needed.ConclusionsTrans‐radial closure of CAF using AVP‐IV and a telescoping catheter appeared to be safe and feasible in our case series. A persistent closure of CAF was achieved in all patients at 2 year coronary angiography follow‐up.
Electrocatalytic Study of Ethylene Glycol Oxidation on Pt3Sn Alloy Nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Yifan , Hu Pingfan , Wei Miaojin , Wang Chao 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEthylene glycol is a potential feedstock for direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs). The electro‐oxidation of ethylene glycol is, however, challenged by poor selectivity toward the complete‐oxidation product, CO2. Herein, we report an electrocatalytic study of ethylene glycol oxidation on monodisperse and homogeneous Pt3Sn alloy nanoparticles. The catalytic activity and selectivity toward CO2 are evaluated under potentiostatic conditions by using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. A comparative study is performed on the alloy catalyst with surface tin (oxide) species removed through an alkaline treatment. By comparing the electrocatalytic performances of the pristine and treated Pt3Sn catalysts, as well as commercial Pt/C, we are able to reveal the distinct roles of surface tin oxide and subsurface metallic tin species in the bimetallic electrocatalyst for complete oxidation of ethylene glycol: the former enhances the cleavage of C−C bond and the latter facilitates oxidative removal of the *CO intermediate.
Lead‐Free Semiconductors: Soft Chemistry, Dimensionality Control, and Manganese‐Doping of Germanium Halide Perovskites
Authors: Men Long , Rosales Bryan A. , Gentry Noreen E. , Cady Sarah D. , Vela Javier 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLead halide perovskites have drawn enormous interest due to their exceptional photovoltaic and optoelectronic properties. However, the heavy metal lead is harmful to humans and the environment resulting in a need for strategies to replace this toxic element. Herein, we report a facile aqueous synthesis of CsGeX3 (X=I, Br) perovskite nanocrystals with size control achieved by varying the concentration of a cysteammonium halide ligand. We observe a variety of morphologies including pyramidal, hexagonal, and spheroidal. CsGeX3 nanocrystals undergo a lattice expansion due to partial replacement of Cs+ with larger cysteNH3+ cations into their lattice. We successfully dope Mn2+ into the CsGeX3 lattice for the first time with incorporation of up to 29% in bulk and 16% in nano samples. XRD peak shifts and EPR hyperfine splitting strongly indicate that Mn2+ is doped into the lattice. Our results introduce a new member to the lead‐free halide perovskite family and set the fundamental stage for their use in optoelectronic devices.
Characterization of Brain Metabolism by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Downes Daniel P. , Collins James H. P. , Lama Bimala , Zeng Huadong , Nguyen Tan , Keller Gabrielle , Febo Marcelo , Long Joanna R. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe noninvasive, quantitative ability of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to characterize small molecule metabolites has long been recognized as a major strength of its application in biology. Numerous techniques exist for characterizing metabolism in living, excised, or extracted tissue, with a particular focus on 1H‐based methods due to the high sensitivity and natural abundance of protons. With the increasing use of high magnetic fields, the utility of in vivo 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has markedly improved for measuring specific metabolite concentrations in biological tissues. Higher fields, coupled with recent developments in hyperpolarization, also enable techniques for complimenting 1H measurements with spectroscopy of other nuclei, such as 31P and 13C, and for combining measurements of metabolite pools with metabolic flux measurements. We compare ex vivo and in vivo methods for studying metabolism in the brain using NMR and highlight insights gained through using higher magnetic fields, the advent of dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization, and combining in vivo MRS and ex vivo NMR approaches.
Utility of microdissected cytology smears for molecular analysis of thyroid malignancy
Authors: Kumar Gyanendra , Timmaraju Venkata Arun , Song‐Yang Joanna Wanmin , Repko Brittany , Narick Christina , Mireskandari Alidad , Finkelstein Sydney 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundMolecular testing of thyroid fine‐needle aspirates has demonstrated value in cases of indeterminate cytology (Bethesda categories III, IV, and V) enabling optimized individual patient management leading to better outcomes with health economic benefits. For most molecular testing modalities, including mutational panels and classifier analyses, part or all of a dedicated needle aspiration pass is required to obtain an adequate sample for testing. Our analysis, which is based on a combination approach (mutation detection and microRNA classifier status), has documented clinical validity and utility when performed on thyroid fine‐needle aspirates placed directly into RNA preservative fluid. Here we show that the combination approach can be extended to microdissected stained cytology slides provides the physician greater opportunity to resolve cytological indeterminacy.MethodsExtracted nucleic acid from needle aspirate and corresponding cytology preparations of 47 thyroid nodules were analyzed using identical methodology and results were compared.ResultsOf 94 molecular analyses (47 mutational analyses, 47 microRNA classifier assessments based on a validated 10 marker panel) only 5 samples showed discordant results.ConclusionThese findings, together with supplementary work using archival specimens shows that the combination approach can be effectively applied to both direct aspirated thyroid nodule aspirates or to nucleic acid extracted from macrodissected and microdissected cytology slide smears, with the expectation of equivalent results. The advantages of both specimen sources, direct aspirate, and cytology slide smears are discussed.
Primary pulmonary meningioma: A rare case report of aspiration cytological features and immunohistochemical assessment
Authors: Ohashi‐Nakatani Kumi , Shibuki Yasuo , Fujima Mizuho , Watanabe Reiko , Yoshida Akihiko , Yoshida Hiroshi , Matsumoto Yuji , Tsuchida Takaaki , Watanabe Shun‐ichi , Motoi Noriko 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEctopic meningioma is a generally rare type of benign tumor that very rarely occurs in the lung. Here, we report the cytological findings of a primary pulmonary meningioma with a particular focus on immunohistochemical (IHC) assessment. A healthy 60‐year‐old woman visited our hospital with an asymptomatic nodule in the right lower lung lobe. She had no particular past‐history and no other tumors in the central nervous system or elsewhere according to an imaging examination. Transbronchial fine‐needle aspiration cytology revealed clusters of spindle cells in a whorled formation and psammoma bodies. The tumor cells exhibited spindle‐shaped cytoplasm, small fusiform or round nuclei and numerous intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions. IHC staining of the cytological specimen revealed that the tumor cells were positive for epithelial membrane antigen, negative for thyroid transcription factor‐1 and p40, and equivocal for claudin‐1. Progesterone receptor immunoreactivity of cytology specimen resulted negative at first by manual method but retrieved positive by an autostainer. Following segmentectomy, the pathological diagnosis was a meningothelial meningioma. The patient has remained well without recurrence for 36 months postoperatively. Because the cytological preparation exhibited characteristic findings of meningioma, a correct diagnosis based on pre‐operative cytological findings with appropriate IHC would be possible. Here, we report the cytological and IHC features of this case and highlight the importance of IHC‐quality assurance.
Banded Iron Travertines at the Ilia Hot Spring (Greece): An interplay of biotic and abiotic factors leading to a modern Banded Iron Formation analogue?
Authors: Kanellopoulos Christos , Thomas Camille , Xirokostas Nikolaos , Ariztegui Daniel 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA hot spring at Ilia in the Greek Island of Euboea precipitates iron‐rich travertine at an ore‐grade concentration (up to 35.3 wt% Fe). This hydrothermal chemical sediment system deposits bands of iron oxyhydroxides (ferrihydrite), millimetres to centimetres thick, alternating with calcium carbonate‐dominated layers, creating “Banded Iron Travertine” (BIT). The ferrihydrite laminae display a dendritic texture formed of spherical nodules often covering filaments identified as bacterial stalks of Zetaproteobacteria. These microaerophilic iron‐oxidizing bacteria were identified by their 16S rRNA gene sequences in ferrihydrite‐enriched samples from areas under high water flow. They were missing in the aragonite/calcite‐dominated samples exhibiting features of aerial exposure and cyanobacteria instead. These characteristics, and the relative depletion in Fe‐rich layers of redox‐sensitive elements like Mn and Ce, as well as the presence of halite in Ca‐rich layers, suggest that the bands form by successive changes in hydrothermal flow. This allowed microaerophilic iron oxidation to form Fe‐rich layers, while Ca‐rich bands precipitated when the hydrothermal water had time to equilibrate with the atmosphere. This sea water‐dominated hydrothermal system is enriched in reduced iron and rapidly precipitating carbonates and ferrihydrite in the form of bands, having similarities to “Banded Iron Formation” (BIF). BIF represents archives of Earth's primitive biogeochemistry although the combined abiotic and biotic processes that have likely led to their formation are not fully resolved. Diagenesis and metamorphism have a strong imprint on BIF. Thus, continuous efforts are pursued to identify modern analogues that could help unravel their formation. Although carbonate is not a common feature of BIFs, Ilia system provides an interesting analogue for their depositional processes and potential microbial–mineral associations they may have hosted. It also presents pre‐diagenesis facies association and mineralogy that could bring new clues for unravelling BIF modes of formation and the salient biogeochemical conditions characteristic of their original depositional environment.
Tau PET Imaging for Staging of Alzheimer's Disease in Down Syndrome
Authors: Rafii Michael S. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) pathology and early‐onset dementia develop almost universally in Down syndrome (DS). AD is defined neuropathologically by the presence of extracellular plaques of aggregated amyloid β protein and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) of aggregated hyperphosphorylated tau protein. The development of radiolabeled positron emission tomography (PET) ligands for amyloid plaques and tau tangles enables the longitudinal assessment of the spatial pattern of their accumulation in relation to symptomatology. Recent work indicates that amyloid pathology develops 15–20 years before neurodegeneration and symptom onset in the sporadic and autosomal dominant forms of AD, while tau pathology correlates more closely with symptomatic stages evidenced by cognitive decline and dementia. Recent work on AD biomarkers in DS illustrates similarities between DS and sporadic AD. It may soon be possible to apply recently developed staging classifications to DS to obtain a more nuanced understanding of the development AD in DS and to provide more accurate diagnosis and prognosis in the clinic.
Ontogenetic trajectories of body coloration reveal its function as a multicomponent nonsenescent signal
Authors: Bonnaffé Willem , Martin Mélissa , Mugabo Marianne , Meylan Sandrine , Le Galliard Jean‐François 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe understanding of developmental patterns of body coloration is challenging because of the multicomponent nature of color signals and the multiple selective pressures acting upon them, which further depend on the sex of the bearer and area of display. Pigmentary colors are thought to be strongly involved in sexual selection, while structural colors are thought to generally associate with conspecifics interactions and improve the discrimination of pigmentary colors. Yet, it remains unclear whether age dependency in each color component is consistent with their potential function. Here, we address lifelong ontogenetic variation in three color components (i.e. UV, pigmentary, and skin background colors) in a birth cohort of common lizards Zootoca vivipara across three ventral body regions (i.e. throat, chest, and belly). All three color components developed sexual dichromatism, with males displaying stronger pigmentary and UV colors but weaker skin background coloration than females. The development of color components led to a stronger sexual dichromatism on the concealed ventral region than on the throat. No consistent signs of late‐life decay in color components were found except for a deceleration of UV reflectance increase with age on the throat of males. These results suggest that body color components in common lizards are primarily nonsenescent sexual signals, but that the balance between natural and sexual selection may be altered by the conspicuousness of the area of display. These results further support the view that skin coloration is a composite trait constituted of multiple color components conveying multiple signals depending on age, sex, and body location.
The role of Eomes in human CD4 T cell differentiation: A question of context
Authors: Dejean Anne S. , Joulia Emeline , Walzer Thierry 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEomesodermin (Eomes) is a transcription factor (TF) of the T‐box family closely related to T‐bet known for its role in CD8 T cell and natural killer cell differentiation. However, the role of Eomes in CD4 T‐cell differentiation is less well appreciated. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology [Eur. J. Immunol. 2019. 49: 79–95] Mazzoni et al. and [Eur. J. Immunol. 2019. 49: 96–111] Gruarin et al. studied the role of Eomes in human CD4 T‐cell differentiation. Mazzoni et al. showed that Eomes plays a key role in helper T cell (Th) plasticity by favoring the phenotype shift of Th17 cells toward non‐classic Th1 cells; while Gruarin et al. proposed Eomes as a lineage‐defining TF for human IL‐10 and IFN‐γ co‐producing regulatory T‐cells (Tr1 cells). Both studies show that Eomes drives IFN‐γ secretion and stamps a “cytotoxic” signature, while it also represses Th17 features. However, additional signals including the cytokine milieu may further influence the fate of Eomes+ CD4 T cells. A common feature of Eomes+ CD4 T cells appears to be their accumulation in inflamed tissues in patients with chronic inflammatory disorders. Whether Eomes favors expression of the proinflammatory cytokines or on the contrary, promotes the anti‐inflammatory cytokines, remains a matter of debate.
Epilepsy at different ages—Etiologies in a Norwegian population
Authors: Dahl‐Hansen Eline , Koht Jeanette , Syvertsen Marte 
Published: December 2018

SummaryThe causes of epilepsy are age related, but confirmative data from population‐based studies are scarce. Our aim was to describe the typical causes of epilepsy in the different age groups of a defined population. The study was cross‐sectional, based on a review of all medical files containing a diagnostic code for epilepsy at Drammen Hospital from 1999‐2013. Drammen Hospital serves the population of Buskerud County, with 272 228 residents (as of January 1, 2014), including 1771 people with active epilepsy. This group of persons with active epilepsy was divided into different age groups with the causes of epilepsy mapped in each group. The proportion with unknown etiology ranged from 27% (age 5‐9) to 41% (age 10‐19). Structural‐metabolic epilepsy and perinatal insults were the leading causes of epilepsy in the age group 5‐9 (46%), whereas disturbances of brain development dominated in the youngest (23% in patients ≤4 years old). In the group comprising persons with epilepsy ≥60 years old, stroke was the most common cause of epilepsy (44%). Despite recent advances in research and technology, a large number of patients in all age groups (including the youngest) still have an unknown cause of epilepsy. We conclude that an effort must be made to improve the diagnostics for and understanding of the causes of epilepsy across all ages.
From nodes to networks: How methods for defining nodes influence inferences regarding network interactions
Authors: Falco Dimitri , Chowdury Asadur , Rosenberg David R. , Diwadkar Vaibhav A. , Bressler Steven L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFunctional connectivity (FC) analysis of fMRI data typically rests on prior identification of network nodes from activation profiles. We compared Activation Likelihood Estimate (ALE) and the Experimentally Derived Estimate (EDE) approaches to network node identification and functional inference for both verbal and visual forms of working memory. ALE arrives at canonical activation maxima that are assumed to reliably represent peaks of brain activity underlying a psychological process (e.g., working memory). By comparison, EDEs of activation maxima are typically derived from individual participant data, and are thus sensitive to individual participant activation profiles. Here, nodes were localized by both ALE and EDE methods for each participant, and subsequently extracted time series were compared using connectivity analysis. Two sets of significance tests were performed: (1) correlations computed between nodal time series of each method were compared, and (2) correlations computed between network edges (functional connections) of each network node pair were compared. Large proportions of edge correlations significantly differed between methods. ALE effectively summarizes working memory network node locations across studies and subjects, but the sensitivity to individual functional loci suggest that EDE methods provide individualized estimates of network connectivity. We suggest that a hybrid method incorporating both ALE and EDE is optimal for network inference.
Ototoxicity in locally advanced head and neck cancer patients treated with induction chemotherapy followed by intermediate or high‐dose cisplatin‐based chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Driessen Chantal M. L. , Leijendeckers Joop , Snik Ad , van der Graaf Winette T. A. , de Boer Jan Paiul , Gelderblom Hans , Kaanders Johannes H. A. M. , Takes Robert , van Herpen Carla M. L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundThis study evaluated ototoxicity in locally advanced head and neck cancer patients treated in the CONDOR study with docetaxel/cisplatin/5‐fluorouracil (TPF) followed by conventional radiotherapy with concomitant cisplatin 100 mg/m2 on days 1, 22, and 43 (cis100+RT) versus accelerated radiotherapy with concomitant cisplatin weekly 40 mg/m2 (cis40+ART).MethodsSixty‐two patients were treated in this study. Audiometry was performed at baseline, during TPF, before start of chemoradiotherapy, and 1, 4, 8, and 12 months after treatment.ResultsA complete dataset of audiometric data was available of 12 patients treated with high‐dose cisplatin and of 11 patients treated with intermediate‐dose cisplatin. Patients in the high‐dose group showed significant more hearing loss than in the intermediate group at 4 kHz ([z = 1.98; P = .04] and 8 kHz [z = 2.07; P < .03]). Interindividual variation was high in both groups.ConclusionAfter induction TPF, more ototoxicity was observed in chemoradiotherapy with cis100+RT than after chemoradiotherapy with cis40+ART.