bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reservoir Types and Distribution Characteristics of Wurxun-beir Sag
Authors: Yang Liwei 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The distribution of Cretaceous lithologic reservoirs in Wurxun-Beir sag of Hailaer Basin is mainly controlled by paleotopography, distribution range of effective reservoirs, and distribution range of effective source rocks, stratigraphic unconformity surface and structure. Oil and gas are mainly concentrated in the margin of sedimentary trough, large gentle slope break zone and low uplift in trough area. The abrupt slope break zone of the belt and the fault type is distributed in a circular shape around the depression trough. On the plane, there are many oil-generating troughs in the Wurxun-Beir depression, which provide abundant and high-quality resource basis for the formation of reservoirs. The hydrocarbon generated from the source bed migrates and accumulates to various types of traps around it through sand bodies, faults or unconformities. Various types of reservoirs, such as structure and lithology, coexist in the depression, forming a transverse superimposed contiguous sheet. The compound oil and gas accumulation zone is mainly distributed in the hydrocarbon generation depression trough or the surrounding fault structural belt. The large area hydrocarbon-generating troughs usually have large oil and gas reserves, such as Surenuoer, Wunan and Beizhong oilfields; the troughs developed in the middle of the depression are easy to form “full depression oil-bearing” oil-rich troughs, such as Beizhong sub-depression reservoirs. Exploration practice has proved that the discovered reservoirs are located in or around the source rock. Therefore, exploration and deployment around the source rock will be the key direction of exploration in the future.
Display Luminance Management Algorithm in Aviation Cockpit
Authors: Yang Ning , Zhao Chunling , Zhang Kezhi , Yao Xinbin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
An effective and reasonable luminance control algorithm, with ambient and forward field of view illumination compensation, has been proposed. This paper analyses the airworthiness requirement and human eye characteristics in terms of visual sensitive and as the basis of luminance control research. This algorithm introduces the display luminance comparison method to maintain the luminance consistency among all the head-down displays. The relationship between display luminance and ambient light is realized by power function to approximate the eye logarithmic response. Based on Webber-Fechner law, the adaptive mismatch compensation is utilized for the eye adaptation for transitions from forward field of view luminance levels. Considering the compensation for the display aging and the individual preference, the log-linear manual adjustment could help the crew to achieve the comfortable visual effect.
Effect of Pouring Pressure on Typical Structure of ZL114A Lube Oil Pump Casting
Authors: Ding Minghui , Jiang Shanyao , Liu Hongjin , Yu Dongpeng , Zheng Hang 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In this paper, a complex aluminum alloy lube oil pump casting with many interconnected oil pipes was produced by sand mould-type, low-pressure casting (LPC). The sand mould was designed as a monolithic structure and produced by selective laser sintering (SLS) technology. The impact of pouring pressure on casting defects was studied by the casting simulation software PROCAST. The optimal lifting pressure velocity was 0.65KPa/s and the filling pressure velocity was between 2.4KPa/s and 4.8KPa/s. Adopting optimal pouring pressure conditions, the casting with defect-free and high dimensional accuracy was successfully produced.
Ocean currents and coastal exposure to offshore releases of passively transported material in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Duteil Olaf , Damien Pierre , Sheinbaum Julio , Spinner Marlene 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The Gulf of Mexico (GoM) is heavily exploited by the oil industry. Incidental oil releases, such as the 2010 blowout of the Deepwater Horizon platform, lead to a large scale dispersion of pollutants by ocean currents, contaminating the coastline and damaging the ecosystems. In order to determine whether the ocean dynamics hampers or conversely fosters the landing of material in the coastal regions, we simulate more than 29 000 individual tracer releases in the offshore waters of the GoM. We assume that the tracers are not decaying and transported passively by the ocean currents. In a first part of our study we focus on the mean dispersion pattern of 80 releases occurring at the location of the Deepwater Horizon. In a second part, we generalize the metrics that we defined to the whole GoM. Our study shows that releases occurring in specific regions, i.e. the bay of Campeche, off the Mississipi-Alabama-Florida and the West Florida shelfs are associated with higher environmental costs as the ocean currents steer the released material toward the productive coastal ecosystems and foster landings. Conversely, the tracers released off the Louisiana-Texas-shelfs and the center of the Gulf of Mexico are less threatening for coastal regions as the material recirculates offshore. We show that the coastline of the southwest part of the Bay of Campeche, the Mississipi’s mouth and the Island of Cuba are particularly exposed as 70% of the landings occur in these 3 regions.
Functional niche occupation and species richness in herbaceous plant communities along experimental gradients of stress and disturbance
Authors: Li Yuanzhi , Shipley Bill 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsThe patterns of niche occupation in functional trait space have been widely studied to understand the processes of community assembly, but are rarely linked to environmental conditions (here, stress and disturbance). In this study, we investigate (1) how the pattern of functional niche occupation, incorporating intraspecific trait variation and covariation, varies along experimental gradients of stress and disturbance, (2) whether habitat filtering and/or limiting similarity modify the pattern, and (3) whether their strength varies as a function of species richness or levels of stress and disturbance.MethodsWe constructed an experimental system consisting of 24 herbaceous plant mesocosms under different levels of stress and disturbance, and measured ten traits on five individuals for each species in each mesocosm. We quantified the total functional niche volume occupied by an entire mesocosm, the functional niche overlap among species within a mesocosm and the average functional niche volume occupied per species, and investigated how these metrics varied from species-poor to species-rich mesocosms along gradients of stress and disturbance.Key ResultsSpecies richness and functional niche overlap correlated positively to disturbance at low and medium levels of stress, but peaked at the intermediate level of disturbance when stress was high. The total functional niche volume and average functional niche volume did not change significantly along these gradients. Compared to null models, each mesocosm occupied a smaller total functional niche volume (habitat filtering) and the species within each mesocosm overlapped less and were more functionally specialized (limiting similarity). Moreover, the standardized metrics (to the null expectations) did not change significantly under different levels of stress and disturbance.ConclusionsThis experimental evidence shows that both habitat filtering and limiting similarity determine the patterns of functional niche occupation and species richness, but their strength does not change along environmental gradients of stress and disturbance.
Vision in an abundant North American bird: The Red-winged Blackbird
Authors: Fernández-Juricic Esteban , Baumhardt Patrice E , Tyrrell Luke P , Elmore Amanda , DeLiberto Shelagh T , Werner Scott J 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAvian vision is fundamentally different from human vision; however, even within birds there are substantial between-species differences in visual perception in terms of visual acuity, visual coverage, and color vision. However, there are not many species that have all these visual traits described, which can constrain our ability to study the evolution of visual systems in birds. To start addressing this gap, we characterized multiple traits of the visual system (visual coverage, visual acuity, centers of acute vision, and color vision) of the Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus), one of the most abundant and studied birds in North America. We found that Red-winged Blackbirds have: wide visual coverage; one center of acute vision per eye (fovea) projecting fronto-laterally with high density of single and double cones, making it the center of both chromatic and achromatic vision; a wide binocular field that does not have the input of the centers of acute vision; and an ultraviolet sensitive visual system. With this information, we parameterized a Red-winged Blackbird-specific perceptual model considering different plumage patches. We found that the male red epaulet was chromatically conspicuous but with minimal achromatic signal, but the male yellow patch had a lower chromatic but a higher achromatic signal, which may be explained by the pigment composition of the feathers. However, the female epaulet was not visually conspicuous in both the chromatic and achromatic dimensions compared with other female feather patches. We discuss the implications of this visual system configuration relative to the foraging, antipredator, mate choice, and social behaviors of Red-winged Blackbirds. Our findings can be used for comparative studies as well as for making more species-specific predictions about different visual behaviors for future empirical testing.
Sex expression and genotypic sex ratio vary with region and environment in the wetland moss Drepanocladus lycopodioides
Authors: Bisang Irene , Ehrlén Johan , Hedenäs Lars 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Sex ratio variation is common among organisms with separate sexes. In bryophytes, sex chromosome segregation at meiosis suggests a balanced progeny sex ratio. However, most bryophyte populations exhibit female-biased phenotypic sex ratios based on the presence of reproductive structures on gametophytes. Many bryophyte populations do not form sexual organs, and genotypic sex ratio variation in such populations is mostly unknown. We tested sex expression, and phenotypic and genotypic sex ratios against environmental parameters in natural populations of the unisexual wetland moss Drepanocladus lycopodiodes at 11 sites in each of three regions in southern Sweden. We identified sex in 660 individual ramets, based on sexual structures, when present, or with a specifically designed molecular marker, when absent. All regions exhibited a female bias in phenotypic and genotypic sex ratios. Sex ratio biases and sex expression differed between regions. Sex ratios were less female-biased in larger patches. Wetter patches exhibited a stronger female bias in genotypic sex ratio and lower sex expression. This is the first evidence of environmental effects on genotypic sex ratio in mosses. A higher frequency of females in wet patches could be due to higher female resource demands for sporophyte production or higher male sensitivity to wetness. A higher incidence of females than males in moister sites aligns with female flowering plants, but differs from reproductive bryophytes in drier environments. Taken together with previous results, our data indicate that sex ratio variation and its drivers differ among species, their life histories and environments.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Seropositivity and Early Syphilis Stage Associated With Ocular Syphilis Diagnosis: A Case-control Study in British Columbia, Canada, 2010–2018
Authors: Hamze Hasan , Ryan Venessa , Cumming Emma , Lukac Christine , Wong Jason , Muhammad Morshed , Grennan Troy 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
The incidence of syphilis has been increasing worldwide in the last 20 years, disproportionately impacting those living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Alongside this increase, several jurisdictions have reported increasing incidences of syphilis-related complications, including ocular syphilis. We sought to characterize ocular syphilis cases in British Columbia (BC), Canada.

Methods
This case-control study compared ocular syphilis cases, matched (1:4) to syphilis controls, that were diagnosed in BC between January 2010 and December 2018. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify potential correlates of ocular syphilis, where variables were included in the final model if significant (P ≤ .05).

Results
During the study period, there were 6716 syphilis diagnoses, including 66 (0.98%) ocular syphilis cases. The median age of cases was 49.5 years (interquartile range 39–59). Most (87.8%) patients were male, where 54.6% identified as men who have sex with men. The most common ophthalmologic diagnosis was panuveitis (42.4%). Of ocular syphilis patients, 48.5% were living with HIV at the time of their syphilis diagnosis, compared to 26.4% of controls (P = .001). The proportion of syphilis cases with ocular syphilis increased from 0.48% in 2010 to 0.83% in 2018. The final multivariable model demonstrated correlates between ocular syphilis and early syphilis stage, including primary/secondary (odds ratio [OR] 4.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.86–13.24) and early latent (OR 4.29, 95% CI 1.62–11.34) stages, and HIV serostatus (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.14–4.09).

Conclusions
Ocular syphilis increased over the study period, both in absolute numbers and as a proportion of all syphilis cases, a finding consistent with other jurisdictions. These findings highlight the importance of vigilance for ocular syphilis, to avoid diagnostic and treatment delays.
Forecasting Spring Flight of Ips subelongatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in Japanese larch Larix kaempferi (Pinales: Pinaceae) Forests in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Lee Cha Young , Nam Youngwoo , Park Chanwoo , Bae Yeon Jae , Choi Won Il 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIps subelongatus is a species of bark beetle experiencing population outbreaks in Korea. In this study, a predictive model and empirical prediction were used to forecast the spring flight of these beetles in Japanese larch forests. The number of beetles caught in pheromone traps was investigated in larch forests thinned in 2009, 2010, 2012, or 2013. Data from the sites thinned in 2009, 2010, or 2012 were used in the predictive model based on a degree-day model that was validated using data from the site thinned in 2013. The lower threshold temperature for flight (LTF) and a thermal sum for the spring flight of I. subelongatus were estimated. The empirical prediction that beetles initiate their flight when daily maximum temperatures reach 16 or 20°C was tested using daily maximum temperature and the beetles caught. The LTF was estimated as 5.97°C, with 42.95 degree-days required for initiation of spring flight. The median flight dates were estimated with a discrepancy from 1 to 3 d by the predictive model. Using the empirical prediction, differences between the day when daily maximum temperature reached 16 or 20°C and flight peak days ranged from 4 to 45 d. These results demonstrate that the predictive model is more suitable than the empirical prediction for predicting the spring flight of I. subelongatus. Overwintering I. subelongatus adults seem to need to gain a determined thermal sum before initiating spring flight rather than merely waiting for the daily maximum temperature to exceed a critical temperature.
Gene Flow in the Müllerian Mimicry Ring of a Poisonous Papuan Songbird Clade (Pitohui; Aves)
Authors: Garg Kritika M , Sam Katerina , Chattopadhyay Balaji , Sadanandan Keren R , Koane Bonny , Ericson Per G P , Rheindt Frank E 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMüllerian mimicry rings are remarkable symbiotic species assemblages in which multiple members share a similar phenotype. However, their evolutionary origin remains poorly understood. Although gene flow among species has been shown to generate mimetic patterns in some Heliconius butterflies, mimicry is believed to be due to true convergence without gene flow in many other cases. We investigated the evolutionary history of multiple members of a passerine mimicry ring in the poisonous Papuan pitohuis. Previous phylogenetic evidence indicates that the aposematic coloration shared by many, but not all, members of this genus is ancestral and has only been retained by members of the mimicry ring. Using a newly assembled genome and thousands of genomic DNA markers, we demonstrate gene flow from the hooded pitohui (Pitohui dichrous) into the southern variable pitohui (Pitohui uropygialis), consistent with shared patterns of aposematic coloration. The vicinity of putatively introgressed loci is significantly enriched for genes that are important in melanin pigment expression and toxin resistance, suggesting that gene flow may have been instrumental in the sharing of plumage patterns and toxicity. These results indicate that interspecies gene flow may be a more general mechanism in generating mimicry rings than hitherto appreciated.
The effectiveness of workplace health promotion in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Pham Cong Tuan , Phung Dung , Nguyen Thi Vinh , Chu Cordia 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Although many literature reviews synthesize literature regarding workplace health promotion (WHP) interventions, systematic reviews on the effectiveness of and factors influencing the operation of WHP activities in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) are scarce. Therefore, we systematically reviewed evaluation studies to examine the effectiveness and factors related to the implementation of WHP programmes in LMIC. Twenty-six peer-reviewed and grey evaluation studies, published before November 2017, were included from electronic databases (PubMed, The Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, EMBASE and Web of Science) and manual searching. The results revealed that WHP intervention in LMIC was effective in reducing health risks in a wide range of industries and settings, including in resource-poor contexts such as small enterprises and the manufacturing industry. The main factors positively influencing the effectiveness of the intervention are long intervention time period, and needs-based and active intervention strategies. In addition, commitment from workplace leaders, the involvement of workers and support from authorities and professionals are factors contributing to a successful WHP programme. However, the evidence regarding the effectiveness of WHP in LMIC regarding the health outcomes and business productivity is inconclusive due to the several remaining methodological limitations. Future developments of more rigorous methods of evaluating the effectiveness of WHP activities should be addressed to produce higher-quality evidence that would inform future practice.
Unwinding Retrogression: Examining the Practice of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights?
Authors: Warwick Ben T C 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The doctrine of non-retrogression used by the United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights is apt for the current moment of crisis and withdrawal from human rights standards. It addresses instances where the State is responsible for backwards steps in human rights protection. However, the doctrine has rarely been used by the Committee as it is paralysed within conceptual confusion and practical ambiguity. This article unravels those difficulties and highlights ways forward. It gives a brief history of non-retrogression and identifies what backwardness the doctrine seeks to regulate, which actions and inactions of the State it defines as culpable, how the multiple steps of the doctrine are to be proved and where the doctrine fits within the Committee’s processes of scrutiny. Overall, it is argued that the significant potential of the doctrine is constrained by its confusions and that urgent reforms are needed to ensure its use and effectiveness.
Hidden in Plain Sight: Identifying Women Living in the United States Who Could Benefit From HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis
Authors: Ojikutu B O , Mayer K H 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with oral tenofovir/emtricitabine is an effective means of decreasing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition among women. However, few women are prescribed and are taking PrEP. This article offers perspectives on barriers to use and strategies to increase uptake among women.
Dietary patterns and breast cancer in Colombia: an ecological study
Authors: Herrán Oscar F , Álvarez Diana C , Quintero-Lesmes Doris C 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe role that diet plays in the development of breast cancer is unclear and breast cancer continues to increase in Colombia and worldwide. The objective of this study was to assess the association between patterns of dietary consumption and the incidence of breast cancer.MethodsAn ecological study was conducted in 24 geodemographic units in which 95% of the women of Colombia live. The association between breast cancer rate (dependent variable) and three dietary patterns established with factor analysis (traditional/starch, fiber/dairy and snack) was investigated using simple and multiple linear regression. The use of variables related to socioeconomic context and the duration of breastfeeding allowed for the control of possible confounding. All information was derived from concurrent national surveys or was obtained directly over a period of time close to the period during which the study was conducted.ResultsThere is an inverse relationship between breast cancer rate and illiteracy rate (β=−2808.3), duration of breastfeeding (β=−3354.1), adherence to traditional/fiber dietary patterns (β=−30467) and adherence to the snack dietary pattern (β=−43612). The goodness of fit for the model was R2=84%.ConclusionsIncreasing the duration of breastfeeding, ensuring education to promote health and following traditional food consumption patterns, regardless of what foods are consumed, can protect against the development of breast cancer.
Human Rights versus National Interests: Shifting US Public Attitudes on the International Criminal Court
Authors: Zvobgo Kelebogile 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe United States—an architect of international criminal tribunals in the twentieth century—has since moderated its involvement in international justice. Striking to many observers is the United States’ failure to join the International Criminal Court—the institutional successor to the tribunals the nation helped install in Germany, Japan, the Balkans, and Rwanda. Interestingly, the US public’s support of the ICC increases yearly despite the government’s ambivalence about, and even hostility toward, the Court. Drawing on the US foreign policy public opinion literature, I theorize that human rights frames increase support for joining the ICC among Americans, whereas national interest frames decrease support. I administer an online survey experiment to evaluate these expectations and find consistent support. I additionally test hypotheses from the framing literature in American politics regarding the effect of exposure to two competing frames. I find that participants exposed to competing frames hold more moderate positions than participants exposed to a single frame but differ appreciably from the control group. Crucially, I find that participants’ beliefs about international organizations’ effectiveness and impartiality are equally, if not more, salient than the treatments. Thus, the ICC may be able to mobilize support and pressure policy change by demonstrating effectiveness and impartiality.