bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Courts and the Restitution of Indigenous Territories in Malaysia
Authors: Subramaniam Yogeswaran , Nicholas Colin 
Published: April 2018

The Courts and the Restitution of Indigenous Territories in Malaysia
Despite enjoying distinct and privileged constitutional statuses, the Indigenous minorities of Malaysia, namely, the natives of Sabah, natives of Sarawak and the Peninsular Malaysia Orang Asli continue to endure dispossession from their customary lands, territories and resources. In response, these groups have resorted to seeking justice in the domestic courts to some degree of success. Over the last two decades, the Malaysian judiciary has applied the constitutional provisions and developed the common law to recognise and protect Indigenous land and resource rights beyond the literal confines of the written law. This article focuses on the effectiveness of the Malaysian courts in delivering the preferred remedy of Indigenous communities for land and resource issues, specifically, the restitution or return of traditional areas to these communities. Despite the Courts’ recognition and to a limited extent, return of Indigenous lands and resources beyond that conferred upon by the executive and legislative arms of government, it is contended that the utilisation of the judicial process is a potentially slow, costly, incongruous and unpredictable process that may also not necessarily be free from the influence of the domestic political and policy debates surrounding the return of Indigenous lands, territories and resources.
The Case of the Kaliña and Lokono Peoples v. Suriname and the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples: Convergence, Divergence and Mutual Reinforcement
Authors: MacKay Fergus 
Published: April 2018

The Case of the Kaliña and Lokono Peoples v. Suriname and the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples: Convergence, Divergence and Mutual Reinforcement
The judgment of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in the case of Kaliña and Lokono Peoples v. Suriname is noteworthy for a number of reasons. Particularly important is the Court’s repeated citation and incorporation of various provisions of the 2007 United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples into its interpretation of the American Convention on Human Rights. This aids in greater understanding of the normative value of the Declaration’s provisions, particularly when coupled with the dramatic increase in affirmations of that instrument by UN treaty bodies, Special Procedures and others. The Court’s analysis also adds detail and further content to the bare architecture of the Declaration’s general principles and further contributes to the crystallisation of the discrete, although still evolving, body of law upholding indigenous peoples’ rights. Uptake of the Court’s jurisprudence by domestic tribunals further contributes to this state of dynamic interplay between sources and different fields of law.
<em>The Death of Expertise: The Campaign Against Established Knowledge and Why It Matters</em> by Tom Nichols
Authors: Pulliam Melodi 
Published: April 2018

Tom Nichols' latest book is one "must read" book for all walks of life, young and old, as the author lays out the case for why we are turning away from the experts and professionals in our lives (personal, work-related, even up to the highest levels of our governments) and the information they provide us, by living completely in our isolated "information silos." While this phenomenon is not new, the advent of the Internet has made it easier than ever for every person with access to become their own "expert" in all things, thanks to the ease with which we can all "Google" it. Nichols' book details this 'campaign against knowledge' and the areas of our lives where it can be most felt, from the halls of the academy to our own homes, day in and day out. He also wisely shares his own expertise and failures to point out the slippery slope we are sliding down if we do not stop and reverse the trend of thinking we know everything, because we can look it up in a few seconds, to the trend as it used to be: when we listened, with our full attention, to the very experts that we are no longer listening to. Wise words, with a historical and modern twist, make this book critical to understanding the information landscape as it is today, and where it will take us if we continue as we are now.
Plant-soil feedbacks and the resource economics spectrum
Authors: Mehrabi Zia 
Published: April 2018

Recent work suggests that resource economic traits might help predict the strength and direction of plant-soil feedback interactions, both in natural systems and in agriculture. However, there are many competing hypotheses to explain the effects of plant resource economics on plant-soil feedbacks.
Faster-growing plants may have positive fertilizing effects if their tissues are incorporated and mineralized by soil microbes, but may also have negative effects if pathogens build up, or if fungal symbionts are lost through fertilization. Identifying the direction of effects may be confounded if nutrients are exported through herbivory, leaching, or crop harvesting.
To determine causality in the effect of plant traits on plant-soil feedbacks it is essential for plant-soil feedback experiments to (1) quantify the mass of nutrients held in standing, or harvested plant biomass, and in losses to other sources in the field, and (2) undertake soil chemistry measurements (e.g. gross and net nitrogen mineralization) of nutrients limiting for plant growth throughout all phases of the feedback cycle.
If rigorous nutrient budgeting in plant-soil feedback research is more widely practiced this will provide the data needed to synthesise results in comparable ways, and will enable mechanistic insights into the role of plant traits in mediating plant competition in both natural and applied settings.
A DUPLA JORNADA DE MULHERES INSERIDAS NO MERCADO DE TRABALHO TURÍSTICO EM ARACAJU-SE
Authors: Dos Santos Araujo Carla Francyele 
Published: April 2018

<p class="Default" style="text-align: justify;">Essa pesquisa está inserida nas reflexões sobre igualdade de gênero, partindo do seguinte problema: como a mulher inserida no mercado de trabalho turístico de Aracaju-SE concilia trabalho e família? Portanto, tem como objetivo geral: analisar a dupla jornada da mulher inserida no mercado de trabalho turístico na capital sergipana. Seusobjetivos específicosforam: Perceber como se configuram os papéis de gênero na sociedade em relação a participação do homem na família e sua aceitação sobre o trabalho remunerado da mulher; Identificar as conquistas e os anseios das mulheres que vivem a dupla jornada no mercado de trabalho turístico de Aracaju. O método utilizado para a coleta dos dados foi a História de Vida e a técnica de pesquisa foi a entrevista dialógica. Os resultados apontaram que os homens estão mais abertos a ajudar a suas mulheres com as tarefas de casa, porém ainda não é uma partilha igualitária e, ainda, o cuidado e a orientação dos filhos continua sendo um dever relacionado às mães. O homem também evoluiu em relação a sua opinião sobre o trabalho da mulher, mas ainda não concorda que a mulher viaje a trabalho, o que prejudica a mulher no setor turístico. Conclui-se que as mulheres avançaram muito, pois hoje em dia as mulheres estão inseridas em cargos mais valorizados. Com o passar do tempo, devido às lutas feministas, as mulheres vêm conquistando espaços que antes eram ocupados apenas por homens. Porém, ainda é preciso desconstruir valores patriarcais que rondam os papéis sociais de gênero.</p><div class="Section1"><p class="MsoNormal"> </p></div><p class="Default" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br style="page-break-before: always; mso-break-type: section-break;" /></span></p>
A MULHER NA POLÍTICA: UM ESTUDO SOBRE A PARTICIPAÇÃO DA MULHER NAS ELEIÇÕES DE 2014
Authors: Nogueira Cristiano Miranda 
Published: April 2018

<div class="page" title="Page 307"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>O tema desse artigo é apresentar os resultados da pesquisa sobre a origem do não cumprimento da lei de cotas de gênero nas eleições e a sub-representação da mulher nos poderes Legislativo e Executivo. Seu objetivo é mostrar que ao longo dos dezenove anos, a lei de cotas de gênero pouco alterou a representação da mulher na política, por isso entendemos que as leis por si só são ineficazes. Os recursos metodológicos utilizados (qualitativos e quantitativos) nos forneceram dados importantes para algumas conclusões: a representação política da mulher é desvalorizada e desestimulada; há pouca compreensão política da lei de Cotas pelos partidos; a força do machismo dentro dos partidos, incluído os de esquerda, é muito forte; não há uma fiscalização mais atuante que faça uso de penalizações mais severas contra os partidos que burlam a lei de Cota; muitas mulheres são estimuladas a serem “laranjas” dos partidos. Essas primeiras conclusões nos certificaram que é preciso, além da lei de cotas, mobilizar a sociedade e debater sobre o papel da mulher na vida pública, para que a esfera política não continue dominada pela representação masculina e machista. </span></p></div></div></div></div>
“QUE HORAS ELA VOLTA?” E “DOMÉSTICA” - UMA ANÁLISE DA REPRESENTAÇÃO DO TRABALHO DOMÉSTICO FEMININO REMUNERADO NO CINEMA BRASILEIRO CONTEMPORÂNEO
Authors: Santos Jeferson Reis 
Published: April 2018

<div class="page" title="Page 334"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Este trabalho busca trazer algumas reflexões sobre a representação do emprego doméstico feminino no cinema contemporâneo brasileiro a partir dos filmes “Que Horas Ela Volta?” (</span><span>Anna Muylaert, 2015) </span><span>e “Doméstica” (</span><span>Gabriel Mascaro, 2012)</span><span>; por serem de gêneros diferentes, ficção e documentário, foi necessário levantar uma discussão sobre as diferenças e aproximações destes diferentes produtos cinematográficos. Entender a produção filmíca como parte do contexto histórico-político-social levou o autor à traçar um breve panorama historiográfico do cinema no Brasil. As questões de gênero presentes no filme são cruzadas com os trabalhos de Ana Alice Costa, Simone de Beauvoir, Nancy Fraser e Christine Delphy. </span></p></div></div></div></div>
Methane Feedback on Atmospheric Chemistry: Methods, Models, and Mechanisms
Authors: Holmes Christopher D. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe atmospheric methane (CH4) chemical feedback is a key process for understanding the behavior of atmospheric CH4 and its environmental impact. This work reviews how the feedback is defined and used, then examines the meteorological, chemical, and emission factors that control the feedback strength. Geographical and temporal variations in the feedback are described and explained by HOx (HOx = OH + HO2) production and partitioning. Different CH4 boundary conditions used by models, however, make no meaningful difference to the feedback calculation. The strength of the CH4 feedback depends on atmospheric composition, particularly the atmospheric CH4 burden, and is therefore not constant. Sensitivity tests show that the feedback depends very weakly on temperature, insolation, water vapor, and emissions of NO. While the feedback strength has likely remained within 10% of its present value over the industrial era and likely will over the twenty‐first century, neglecting these changes biases our understanding of CH4 impacts. Most environmental consequences per kg of CH4 emissions, including its global warming potential (GWP), scale with the perturbation time, which may have grown as much as 40% over the industrial era and continues to rise.
Signature‐Domain Calibration of Hydrological Models Using Approximate Bayesian Computation: Theory and Comparison to Existing Applications
Authors: Kavetski Dmitri , Fenicia Fabrizio , Reichert Peter , Albert Carlo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis study considers Bayesian calibration of hydrological models using streamflow signatures and its implementation using Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC). If the modeling objective is to predict streamflow time series and associated uncertainty, a probabilistic model of streamflow must be specified but the inference equations must be developed in the signature domain. However, even starting from simple probabilistic models of streamflow time series, working in the signature domain makes the likelihood function difficult or impractical to evaluate (in particular, as it is unavailable in closed form). This challenge can be tackled using ABC, a general class of numerical algorithms for sampling from conditional distributions, such as (but not limited to) Bayesian posteriors given any calibration data. Using ABC does not avoid the requirement of Bayesian inference to specify a probability model of the data, but rather exchanges the requirement to evaluate the pdf of this model (needed to evaluate the likelihood function) by the requirement to sample model output realizations. For this reason ABC is attractive for inference in the signature domain. We clarify poorly understood aspects of ABC in the hydrological literature, including similarities and differences between ABC and GLUE, and comment on previous applications of ABC in hydrology. An error analysis of ABC approximation errors and their dependence on the tolerance is presented. An empirical case study is used to illustrate the impact of omitting the specification of a probabilistic model (and instead using a deterministic model within the ABC algorithm), and the impact of a coarse ABC tolerance.
Eine einfache Methode zur Produktion von Selenoproteinen
Authors: Mukai Takahito , Sevostyanova Anastasia , Suzuki Tateki , Fu Xian , Söll Dieter 
Published: April 2018

AbstractEin einfacher Ansatz nutzt einen erweiterten genetischen Code von Escherichia coli zur Biosynthese von Selenoproteinen mit zahlreichen Sec‐Resten. Kürzlich wurden so genannte allo‐tRNAs entdeckt. Diese verfügen über eine ungewöhnliche Struktur, sind genauso effiziente Serinakzeptoren wie die normale tRNASer aus E. coli und werden von der Aeromonas‐salmonicida‐Selenocysteinsynthase (SelA) von Ser‐allo‐tRNA zu Sec‐allo‐tRNA umgesetzt. Anschließend ermöglicht es Sec‐allo‐tRNA, fünf UAG‐Stop‐Codons auf der fdhF‐mRNA für E.‐coli‐Formatdehydrogenase H als Sec zu translatieren und katalytisch aktive E.‐coli‐Formatdehydrogenase mit fünf Sec‐Resten in E. coli zu produzieren. Weiterhin konnte gezeigt werden, dass sich in E. coli durch Kombination genetischer Varianten von allo‐tRNA und SelA mit einem modifizierten Selenstoffwechsel das humane Selenoenzym GPx1 mit über 80 % Sec‐Einbaurate rekombinant produzieren lässt. Beide Beispiele belegen den Wert von allo‐tRNAUTu als molekulare Plattform zur Entwicklung neuartiger Selenoproteine.
Hippocampal gray matter increases following multimodal psychological treatment for combat‐related post‐traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Butler Oisin , Willmund Gerd , Gleich Tobias , Gallinat Jürgen , Kühn Simone , Zimmermann Peter 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIntroductionSmaller hippocampal volumes are one of the most consistent findings in neuroimaging studies of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, very few prospective studies have assessed changes in hippocampal gray matter prior to and following therapy for PTSD, and no neuroimaging studies to date have longitudinally assessed military populations.MethodsA pilot study was conducted, assessing patients with combat‐related PTSD with structural MRI. Participants were then assigned either to a treatment group or waiting‐list control group. After the treatment group received multimodal psychological therapy for approximately 6 weeks, both groups completed a second neuroimaging assessment.ResultsRegion‐of‐interest analysis was used to measure gray matter volume in the hippocampus and amygdala. There was a group by time interaction; the therapy group (n = 6) showed a significant increase in hippocampal volume and a nonsignificant trend toward an increase in amygdala volume following therapy, while no change was observed in the waiting‐list group (n = 9).ConclusionsThis study provides initial evidence for increases in gray matter volume in the hippocampus in response to therapy for combat‐related PTSD.
An Ambient Temperature Electrolyte with Superior Lithium Ion Conductivity based on a Self‐Assembled Block Copolymer
Authors: Dörr Tobias S. , Pelz Alexander , Zhang Peng , Kraus Tobias , Winter Martin , Wiemhöfer Hans‐Dieter 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn searching for polymer‐based electrolytes with improved performance for lithium ion and lithium metal batteries, we studied block copolymer electrolytes with high amounts of bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium obtained by macromolecular co‐assembly of a poly(isoprene)‐block‐poly(styrene)‐block‐poly(ethylene oxide) and the salt from tetrahydrofuran. Particularly, an ultra‐short poly(ethylene oxide) block of 2100 g mol−1 was applied, giving rise to 2D continuous lamellar microstructures. The macroscopic stability was ensured with major blocks from poly(isoprene) and poly(styrene), which separated the ionic conductive PEO/salt lamellae. Thermal annealing led to high ionic conductivities of 1.4 mS cm−1 at 20 °C with low activation energy and a superior lithium ion transference number of 0.7, accompanied by an improved mechanical stability (storage modulus of up to 107 Pa). With high Li:O ratios >1, we show a viable concept to achieve fast Li+ transport in block copolymers (BCP), decoupled from slow polymer relaxation.
Design and Functional Characterization of Synthetic E3 Ubiquitin Ligases for Targeted Protein Depletion
Authors: Baltz Morgan R. , Stephens Erin A. , DeLisa Matthew P. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA number of techniques now exist for decreasing the expression of cellular proteins without the need for genomic modification. One such technique involves engineered protein chimeras that combine the ubiquitination activity of E3 ubiquitin ligases with the binding affinity and substrate specificity of designer binding proteins (DBPs). These chimeras, called “ubiquibodies,” are capable of selectively and controllably steering virtually any protein to the ubiquitin proteasome pathway (UPP) for degradation, making ubiquibodies a powerful addition to the protein knockout toolbox. A distinguishing feature of ubiquibodies is their modularity—simply swapping DBPs can generate a new ubiquibody with specificity for a different substrate protein. Moreover, by employing DBPs that recognize particular protein states (e.g., active versus inactive conformation, mutant versus wild‐type, post‐translational modification), it becomes possible to deplete certain protein subpopulations while sparing others. This protocol outlines the steps necessary to design and functionally evaluate ubiquibodies for customizable silencing of cellular proteins. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Hippocampal and amygdalar cell‐specific translation is similar soon after stress but diverge over time
Authors: Madan Jesvin S. , Gupta Kanika , Chattarji Sumantra , Bhattacharya Aditi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractStress is known to cause contrasting patterns of morphological and physiological plasticity in the hippocampus and amygdala. An obligatory cellular process underlying such neural changes is de novo translation and alterations in protein expression. Yet the nature of the translational response to stress in neurons remains largely unexplored. Even less is known about how glia are affected. Using a click‐chemistry‐based method to label the de novo proteome in live brain slices, we monitored translation in neurons and astrocytes of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and dorsal hippocampal area CA3 (dCA3) in rats at different time‐points after a single 2‐hr exposure to immobilization stress. We observed enhancements in neuronal translation in both brain regions 1 hour after stress. This initial increase persisted in the BLA up to 10 days afterwards. In contrast, dCA3 neuronal translation gradually decreased to below control levels 10 days later. Translation profiles of dCA3 astrocytes followed timelines similar to neurons, but in BLA astrocytes translation peaked 1 day later and remained elevated 10 days later. Together our results demonstrate that stress causes an immediate upregulation of protein synthesis in both amygdalar and hippocampal neurons and astrocytes. However, these two areas eventually exhibit opposite temporal profiles of protein expression well after the end of stress. These findings identify new metrics of stress‐induced plasticity at the level of cell‐type specific proteomic landscape that may provide important insights into the molecular basis of the divergent temporal effects of stress across brain regions and biological scales.
Data‐driven Evolution Equation Reconstruction for Parameter‐Dependent Nonlinear Dynamical Systems
Authors: Sroczynski David W. , Yair Or , Talmon Ronen , Kevrekidis Ioannis G. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWhen studying observations of chemical reaction dynamics, closed form equations based on a putative mechanism may not be available. Yet when sufficient data from experimental observations can be obtained, even without knowing what exactly the physical meaning of the parameter settings or recorded variables are, data‐driven methods can be used to construct minimal (and in a sense, robust) realizations of the system. The approach attempts, in a sense, to circumvent physical understanding, by building intrinsic “information geometries” of the observed data, and thus enabling prediction without physical/chemical knowledge. Here we use such an approach to obtain evolution equations for a data‐driven realization of the original system – in effect, allowing prediction based on the informed interrogation of the agnostically organized observation database. We illustrate the approach on observations of (a) the normal form for the cusp singularity, (b) a cusp singularity for the nonisothermal CSTR, and (c) a random invertible transformation of the nonisothermal CSTR, showing that one can predict even when the observables are not “simply explainable” physical quantities. We discuss current limitations and possible extensions of the procedure.
Growth of adsorbed additive layer for further friction reduction
Authors: Hirayama Tomoko , Maeda Masayuki , Sasaki Yuto , Matsuoka Takashi , Komiya Hiroshi , Hino Masahiro 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBoundary lubrication is one of the most interesting topics in the field of tribology, and a lot of studies have been conducted from the past for understanding the behaviour of boundary lubrication films. General boundary lubrication films are formed by the adsorption of additives mixed into lubricant, and then the tribological performances are drastically improved in many cases. However, there is still room for discussion on the “actual” behaviour of adsorbed additive layer in the tribological condition, that is, under high pressure and/or with external forces. This paper showed the “growing” behaviour of an adsorbed additive layer onto metal surface due to high pressure by means of neutron reflectometry in conjunction with the result obtained through cross‐sectional imaging by frequency‐modulation atomic force microscopy. In addition, the nanotribological study using atomic force microscopy with a colloidal probe showed that the coefficient of friction in the pre‐scratched area was lower than that in the non‐scratched area and that the reduction ratio for lubricant with additive was higher than that for lubricant without additive. This result indicates that growth of the adsorbed additive layer contributed more greatly to a reduction in the coefficient of friction.