bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overground endoscopic findings and respiratory sound analysis in horses with recurrent laryngeal neuropathy after unilateral laser ventriculocordectomy
Authors: Barakzai S. Z. , Wells J. , Parkin T. D. H. , Cramp P. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryBackgroundUnilateral ventriculocordectomy (VeC) is frequently performed, yet objective studies in horses with naturally occurring recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (RLN) are few.ObjectivesTo evaluate respiratory noise and exercising overground endoscopy in horses with grade B and C laryngeal function, before and after unilateral laser VeC.Study designProspective study in clinically affected client‐owned horses.MethodsExercising endoscopy was performed and concurrent respiratory noise was recorded. A left‐sided laser VeC was performed under standing sedation. Owners were asked to present the horse for re‐examination 6–8 weeks post‐operatively when exercising endoscopy and sound recordings were repeated. Exercising endoscopic findings were recorded, including the degree of arytenoid stability. Quantitative measurement of left‐to‐right quotient angle ratio (LRQ) and rima glottidis area ratio (RGA) were performed pre‐ and post‐operatively. Sound analysis was performed, and measurements of the energy change in F1, F2 and F3 formants between pre‐ and post‐operative recordings were made and statistically analysed.ResultsThree grade B and seven grade C horses were included; 6/7grade C horses preoperatively had bilateral vocal fold collapse (VFC) and 5/7 had mild right‐sided medial deviation of the ary‐epiglottic fold (MDAF). Right VFC and MDAF was still present in these horses post‐operatively; grade B horses had no other endoscopic dynamic abnormalities post‐operatively. Sound analysis showed significant reduction in energy in formant F2 (P = 0.05) after surgery.Main limitationsThe study sample size was small and multiple dynamic abnormalities made sound analysis challenging.ConclusionsRLN‐affected horses have reduction in sound levels in F2 after unilateral laser VeC. Continuing noise may be caused by other ongoing forms of dynamic obstruction in grade C horses. Unilateral VeC is useful for grade B horses based on endoscopic images. In grade C horses, bilateral VeC, right ary‐epiglottic fold resection ± laryngoplasty might be a better option than unilateral VeC alone.
The Summary is available in Portuguese ‐ see Supporting Information
Resampling with neighbourhood bias on imbalanced domains
Authors: Branco Paula , Torgo Luis , Ribeiro Rita P. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractImbalanced domains are an important problem that arises in predictive tasks causing a loss in the performance on the most relevant cases for the user. This problem has been extensively studied for classification problems, where the target variable is nominal. Recently, it was recognized that imbalanced domains occur in several other contexts and for multiple tasks, such as regression tasks, where the target variable is continuous. This paper focuses on imbalanced domains in both classification and regression tasks. Resampling strategies are among the most successful approaches to address imbalanced domains. In this work, we propose variants of existing resampling strategies that are able to take into account the information regarding the neighbourhood of the examples. Instead of performing sampling uniformly, our proposals bias the strategies to reinforce some regions of the data sets. With an extensive set of experiments, we provide evidence of the advantage of introducing a neighbourhood bias in the resampling strategies for both classification and regression tasks with imbalanced data sets.
A geodesic distance‐based approach for shape‐independent data clustering using coalitional game
Authors: Beik Khorasani Behrouz , Moattar Mohammad Hossein , Forghani Yahya 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDifferent clustering approaches consider different aspects of quality including accuracy of cluster formation, speed of execution, and resource requirements. A major issue in data clustering is to consider the density of clusters and their structure. A challenge is to relax any assumption on the clusters shape such as sphericity, which is common in most partitioning approaches such as K‐means. In this article, with the help of the coalitional game theory and the concept of geodesic distance calculation, a density‐based shape‐independent clustering approach is proposed. In addition to the emphasis on the application of game theory, we also pay attention to the relative neighbourhood of data, which is depicted using geodesic distance. Geodesic distance is a well‐known measure for finding the manifold of data. The new idea supposes to discover any embedded structure of data and avoid finding only spherical clusters. The proposed approach is evaluated on a number of standard University of California, Irvine (UCI) datasets, and the results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach in comparison with some other approaches.
Exploring the hindering mechanism of element Ti on the adherence of CoO‐bearing one‐coat enamel/steel
Authors: Chen Ken , Chen Minghui , Yu Zhongdi , Zhu Shenglong , Wang Fuhui 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe effect of element Ti on adherence between a CoO‐bearing single‐layer enamel coating and steel was investigated. Falling‐weights tests were carried out and cross‐sections at interface of the enamel/substrate were analyzed with a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Results show that addition of TiO2 reduced adherence of the enamel coating by hindering the formation of anchor‐like alloy precipitates. The decrease of anchor points lies in the following three reasons: I. The diffusion path of Co2+ ions to the interface was lengthened because of the blocking effect of rutile and the FeTiO3 crystals; II. Formation of CoTiO3 crystals leads to a reduction of free Co2+ ions; III. Co–Fe precipitates form away from the enamel/substrate interface, as FeTiO3 crystals provide extra surface for the nucleation of Fe–Co alloy precipitates.
Social norms and cooperation
Authors: McCannon Bryan C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA theoretical framework is introduced to model social norms using the tools of psychological game theory. In the prisoner's dilemma game, a preference for norm compliance can lead to cooperation arising with a positive probability, and if this preference is sufficiently strong, occurring as a pure strategy equilibrium. Thus, cooperation can arise as a social norm in a one‐shot prisoner's dilemma game without repeated play, communication, or sanctions.
Comparison of fining red wines with purified grape pomace versus commercial fining agents: effect on wine chromatic characteristics and phenolic content
Authors: Jiménez‐Martínez María Dolores , Bautista‐Ortín Ana Belen , Gil‐Muñoz Rocio , Gómez‐Plaza Encarna 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe large quantity of grape pomace (seeds, skin, and peduncle) produced during the winemaking process can be a problem and the search for procedures which could permit their valorisation is considered an important issue. This study investigates the use of purified grape pomace as a fining agent for reducing the level of some wine phenolic compounds, especially tannins. For this, purified grape pomace was applied to three young red wines of different phenolic composition and the results were compared with the effect of some common commercial fining agents. The results demonstrated that grape pomace can be used to decrease the wine tannin content with similar results to those obtained with casein, while also reducing anthocyanin content although to a similar extent to when bentonite is used. The effect of purified Monastrell grapes pomace is similar in the three different studied wines although it affected the most to wines with high monomeric anthocyanin content.
Oral 5‐aminolevulinic acid‐mediated photodynamic diagnosis using fluorescence cystoscopy for non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer: A multicenter phase III study
Authors: Nakai Yasushi , Inoue Keiji , Tsuzuki Toyonori , Shimamoto Tsutomu , Shuin Taro , Nagao Kazuhiro , Matsuyama Hideyasu , Oyama Masafumi , Furuse Hiroshi , Ozono Seiichiro , Miyake Makito , Fujimoto Kiyohide 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveTo confirm the reproducibility of the effectiveness and safety in photodynamic diagnosis of non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer using 5‐aminolevulinic acid in a prospective multicenter non‐randomized phase III trial.MethodsA total of 61 patients with primary or recurrent non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer were prospectively enrolled from five hospitals between May 2015 and March 2016. 5‐Aminolevulinic acid (20 mg/kg) was orally administered 3 h before transurethral resection of bladder tumors using white light or fluorescent light. Of 60 evaluable patients, 511 specimens were obtained from tumor‐suspicious lesions and normal‐looking mucosa. The primary end‐point was sensitivity. The secondary end‐points were specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and safety.ResultsThe sensitivity of the fluorescent light source (79.6%) was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than that of the white light source (54.1%). In total, 25.4% (46/181) of tumor specimens were diagnosed as positive with only the fluorescent light source. In nine (15%) of 60 patients, the risk classification and recommended treatment after transurethral resection of bladder tumors were changed depending on the additional types of tumor diagnosed by the fluorescent light source. The specificity of the fluorescent light versus white light source was 80.6% versus 95.5%. No grade 4–5 adverse event was noted. Hypotension and urticaria were severe adverse events whose relationship to oral 5‐aminolevulinic acid could not be excluded.ConclusionsThese findings confirm the diagnostic efficacy and safety of photodynamic diagnosis with 20 mg/kg of oral 5‐aminolevulinic acid, and show that transurethral resection of bladder tumors with a fluorescent light source using oral 5‐aminolevulinic acid is well tolerated.
Dual color tuning in Ce3+‐doped oxyfluoride ceramic phosphor plate for white LED application
Authors: Arredondo Alejandro , Desirena Haggeo , Moreno Ivan , Orozco Hinostroza Ignacio E. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCeramic phosphor plates of cerium (Ce3+)‐doped oxyfluoride were fabricated by the solid‐state reaction method. These phosphors exhibit efficient emission, with the novel feature of color tuning by varying both the doping concentration and excitation wavelength. As the Ce3+ concentration increases, the excitation spectrum broadens by a factor of 1.6, and the excitation peak wavelength shifts from 390 to 435 nm, and there is a variation in excitation energy of ~ 10%. Luminescence spectrum of low Ce3+ concentration samples is tuned from blue to green with the change of excitation wavelength. The emission peak exhibits a shift of 58 nm into the red spectral region, varying the Ce3+ concentration from 0.05 to 0.1 mol%; whereas this shift is only 6 nm when Ce3+ content changes from 0.25 to 1 mol%. Photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield has achieved 76%. The crystal structure was examined using X‐ray diffraction to explain its possible influence on the redshift luminescence. A proof of concept of white LED was constructed using a 450 nm blue LED chip with an oxyfluoride phosphor plate, showing a luminous efficacy (LE) of 64 lm/W with a color rendering index of 74.
Phase evolution of reactive sputtering synthesized holmium silicate coatings
Authors: Hu Wanpeng , Zhang Jie , Nian Hongqiang , Wang Jingyang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHolmium silicates are promising environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) materials for Si‐based non‐oxide ceramics due to their excellent thermal and mechanical properties. In the present work, the phase evolution of holmium silicate coatings synthesized by reactive sputtering was systematically studied. The monosilicate crystallized in an X1‐Ho2SiO5 phase at 1000°C and transformed to an X2‐Ho2SiO5 phase at 1200°C. The phase transition is not problematic for the coating process because the X1‐ and X2‐Ho2SiO5 phases have similar coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs). For the holmium disilicates, the stoichiometry obviously influenced polymorphic phase evolutions. Relatively Ho2O3‐rich compounds promoted the formation of γ‐Ho2Si2O7 phase at lower temperatures. This study on phase evolution vs temperature and stoichiometry can provide a guideline to optimize the processing and the properties of advanced holmium silicate EBCs.
Cycling‐ and heating‐induced evolution of piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties of CuO‐doped K0.5Na0.5NbO3 ceramic
Authors: Wang Tao , Liao You , Wang Dongmei , Zheng Qiaoji , Liao Jie , Xie Fengyu , Jie Wenjing , Lin Dunmin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFor accepter‐doped perovskite piezoelectric ceramics, macroscopic properties of the materials (eg, hardening, fatigue, and aging) are closely related to microscopic characteristics (eg, oxygen vacancies and defect dipoles). In this work, the relationship of macroscopic and microscopic characteristics in CuO‐doped K0.5Na0.5NbO3 (KNN) ceramic has been studied by subjecting the material to electric field cycling, quenching, heating, and consequently aging. The introduction of CuO in KNN generates and . The defect dipoles exhibit obviously the pinning effect on ferroelectric domains and thus induce a completely pinched/double P‐E loop and excellent hardening piezoelectricity of high Qm of 2235. With the destruction of short‐range symmetry uniformity between defect dipoles and ferroelectric dipoles induced by electric field cycling, quenching and heating, the ceramic can be depinned and softened. As a result, the depinned ceramic possesses an opened single ferroelectric hysteresis loop and the significantly decreasing Qm. A distinctive aging is observed in the depinned ceramic. This study provides deep insights into the evolution of electrical properties of accepter‐modified alkali niobate perovskite ceramics under electric field cycling, quenching, and heating.
Improved dielectric strength and energy storage density in Ba6−3xLa8+2xTi18O54 (x = 0.5, 2/3, and 0.75) ceramics
Authors: Yang Jia Yi , Zhou Hai Yang , Zhu Xiao Li , Chen Xiang Ming 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDielectric strength and energy storage density in Ba6−3xLa8+2xTi18O54 (x = 0.5, 2/3, and 0.75) ceramics were investigated as functions of composition and microstructure. With increasing x, although the dielectric constant decreased from 113 to 102, the energy storage density increased from 2.3 J/cm3 to 3.2 J/cm3 due to the increased dielectric strength for ceramics prepared by conventional sintering. The energy storage was further improved to 4.2 J/cm3 in ceramics prepared by spark plasma sintering under an electric field of 1058 kV/cm. Both dielectric strength and energy storage density in the present ceramics indicated the strong processing and microstructure dependence. The optimum dielectric strength and energy storage density were achieved in the dense ceramics with fine grains, while both dielectric strength and energy storage density decreased in the ceramics with coarse columnar grains.
Understanding the structural origin of intermediate glasses
Authors: Jaccani Siva Priya , Sundararaman Siddharth , Huang Liping 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntermediate glasses show nearly constant elastic moduli with temperature and/or pressure. These glasses would prove useful in designing a‐thermal optical fibers for enhanced telecommunication, fiber sensing applications, and in designing glass products for applications where a broad range of thermal and mechanical stimulation is expected. In this study, intermediate glasses belonging to the Na2O–SiO2, Na2O–Al2O3–SiO2, and Na2O–TiO2–SiO2 glass systems were identified from in situ high‐temperature Brillouin light scattering (BLS) experiments. Glasses important for engineering applications like the international simple glass (ISG) and the less brittle glass (LBG) were also found to exhibit intermediate behaviors. In situ Raman spectroscopy was used to investigate their structural evolution from room temperature to temperatures beyond Tg. Raman spectra along with molecular dynamics simulations revealed common structural signatures that intermediate glasses with different compositions possess. Our study showed that the intermediate elastic behaviors come from a delicate balance between the stiffening effect associated with conformation changes in the medium‐range flexible rings and the softening effect due to the weakening of short‐range chemical bonds with temperature.
Combination of resveratrol and 5‐azacytydine improves osteogenesis of metabolic syndrome mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Marycz Krzysztof , Kornicka Katarzyna , Irwin‐Houston Jennifer M. , Weiss Christine 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEndocrine disorders have become more and more frequently diagnosed in humans and animals. In horses, equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) is characterized by insulin resistance, hyperleptinemia, hyperinsulinemia, inflammation and usually by pathological obesity. Due to an increased inflammatory response in the adipose tissue, cytophysiological properties of adipose derived stem cells (ASC) have been impaired, which strongly limits their therapeutic potential. Excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species, mitochondria deterioration and accelerated ageing of those cells affect their multipotency and restrict the effectiveness of the differentiation process. In the present study, we have treatedASCisolated fromEMSindividuals with a combination of 5‐azacytydine (AZA) and resveratrol (RES) in order to reverse their aged phenotype and enhance osteogenic differentiation. UsingSEMand confocal microscope, cell morphology, matrix mineralization and mitochondrial dynamics were assessed. Furthermore, we investigated the expression of osteogenic‐related genes withRT‐PCR. We also investigated the role of autophagy during differentiation and silencedPARKINexpression with siRNA. Obtained results indicated thatAZA/RESsignificantly enhanced early osteogenesis ofASCderived fromEMSanimals. Increased matrix mineralization,RUNX‐2, collagen type I and osteopontin levels were noted. Furthermore, we proved thatAZA/RESexerts its beneficial effects by modulating autophagy and mitochondrial dynamics throughPARKINandRUNX‐2 activity.
Aberrant O‐glycosylation contributes to tumorigenesis in human colorectal cancer
Authors: Jiang Yuliang , Liu Zhe , Xu Feng , Dong Xichen , Cheng Yurong , Hu Yizhang , Gao Tianbo , Liu Jian , Yang Lei , Jia Xingyuan , Qian Haili , Wen Tao , An Guangyu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAberrant O‐glycosylation is frequently observed in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, but it is unclear if it contributes intrinsically to tumorigenesis. Here, we investigated the biological consequences of aberrant O‐glycosylation in CRC. We first detected the expression profile of Tn antigen in a serial of human CRC tissues and then explored the genetic and biosynthetic mechanisms. Moreover, we used a human CRC cell line (LS174T), which express Tn antigen, to assess whether aberrant O‐glycosylation can directly promote oncogenic properties. It showed that Tn antigen was detected in around 86% human primary and metastatic CRC tissues. Bio‐functional investigations showed that T‐synthase and Cosmc were both impaired in cancer tissues. A further analysis detected an occurrence of hypermethylation of Cosmc gene, which possibly caused its loss‐of‐function and a consequent inactive T‐synthase. Transfection of LS174T cells with WT Cosmc restored mature O‐glycosylation, which subsequently down‐regulated cancer cell proliferation, migration and apoptotic‐resistant ability. Significantly, the expression of MUC2, a heavily O‐glycosylated glycoprotein that plays an essential role in intestinal function, was uniformly reduced in human CRC tissues as well as in LS174T cells. These data suggest that aberrant O‐glycosylation contributes to the development of CRC through direct induction of oncogenic properties in cancer cells.
Role of AMPA and NMDA receptors on vasopressin and oxytocin secretion induced by hypertonic extracellular volume expansion
Authors: Vilhena‐Franco Tatiane , Valentim‐Lima Evandro , Reis Luís C. , Elias Lucila L. K. , Antunes‐Rodrigues Jose , Mecawi André S. 
Published: July 2018

Vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) are essential for the control of extracellular fluid osmolality and volume. The secretion of these hormones is modulated by several mechanisms, including NMDA and AMPA l‐glutamate receptors in magnocellular cells of paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) hypothalamic nuclei. Thus, to better understand the participation of l‐glutamate on the neuroendocrine control of AVP and OT, the present study evaluated the effects of i.c.v. NMDA and AMPA receptor antagonists on plasma AVP and OT levels induced by extracellular volume expansion (EVE). Cannulated rats received i.c.v. NMDA (amino‐5‐phosphonovalerate; AP5) and AMPA (2,3‐dihydroxy‐6‐nitro‐7‐sulphamoyl‐benzo[f]quinoxaline; NBQX) antagonists in doses of 10 and 30 nmol (5 μL per rat) and were subjected to either isotonic (0.15 mol L‐1 NaCl, 2 mL per 100 g) or hypertonic (0.30 mol L‐1 NaCl, 2 mL per 100 g) EVE. Blood samples were collected for plasma AVP and OT determination. Isotonic EVE did not change plasma AVP and OT levels, although hypertonic EVE increased both AVP and OT plasma levels. AP5 reduced plasma AVP, although it did not change the OT level induced by hypertonic EVE. On the other hand, NBQX reduced plasma OT but did not alter the AVP plasma level. Our data show that l‐glutamate controls the secretion of neurohypophyseal hormones via the NMDA receptor for AVP release, as well as via the AMPA receptor for OT release, both in response to hypertonic EVE.
How does meaning in life predict proactive coping? The self‐regulatory mechanism on emotion and cognition
Authors: Miao Miao , Gan Yiqun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined the effectiveness of a photographic intervention method on meaning in life (MIL) and further investigated the self‐regulatory mechanism responsible for the effect of MIL in the promotion of proactive coping.MethodParticipants were 145 Chinese adults (Mage = 27.82; 71.3% female), who were randomly assigned into one of three conditions: An intervention (taking photos and writing expressively), a taking‐photos‐only control, or an assessment‐only control. MIL, positive affect, future temporal focus, and proactive coping were measured before and after the intervention, with follow‐up assessments conducted 1 week and 1 month later. Additionally, daily assessments were conducted during the intervention week.ResultsMIL improved daily in the intervention condition, an effect that was also found post‐intervention and at follow‐up. Significant increases in positive affect, future temporal focus, and proactive coping were also observed after the intervention. Hierarchical linear modeling demonstrated that daily MIL positively predicted daily future temporal focus and positive affect. Furthermore, longitudinal mediation analysis confirmed that future temporal focus and positive affect mediated the relationship between MIL and proactive coping.ConclusionsMIL's self‐regulatory mechanism is reflected in both cognitive (future temporal focus) and emotional (positive affect) dimensions, which promotes proactive coping with future stressors.