bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genotype imputation accuracy in multiple equine breeds from medium‐ to high‐density genotypes
Authors: Chassier Marjorie , Barrey Eric , Robert Céline , Duluard Arnaud , Danvy Sophie , Ricard Anne 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGenotype imputation is now a key component of genomic analyses as it increases the density of available genotypes within a population. However, many factors can influence imputation accuracy. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the accuracy of imputation of high‐density genotypes (Affymetrix Axiom Equine genotyping array, 670,806 SNPs) from two moderate‐density genotypes (Illumina Equine SNP50 BeadChip, 54,602 SNPs and Illumina Equine SNP70 BeadChip, 65,157 SNPs), using single‐breed or multiple‐breed reference sets. Genotypes were available from five groups of horse breeds: Arab (AR, 1,207 horses), Trotteur Français (TF, 979 horses), Selle Français (SF, 1,979 horses), Anglo‐Arab (AA, 229 horses) and various foreign sport horses (FH, 209 horses). The proportions of horses genotyped with the high‐density (HD) chip in each breed group were 10% in AA, 15% in AR and FH, 30% in TF and 57% in SF. A validation set consisting of one‐third of the horses genotyped with the HD chip was formed and their genotypes deleted. Two imputation strategies were compared, one in which the reference population consisted only of horses from the same breed group as in the validation set, and another with horses from all breed groups. For the first strategy, concordance rates (CRs) ranged from 97.8% (AR) to 99.0% (TF) and correlations (r²) from 0.94 (AR) to 0.99 (TF). For the second strategy, CR ranged from 97.4% (AR) to 98.9% (TF) and r² from 0.93 (AR) to 0.99 (TF). Overall, the results show a small advantage of within‐breed imputation compared with multi‐breed imputation. Adding horses from different breed groups to the reference population does not improve the accuracy of imputation. Imputation provides an accurate means of combining data sets from different genotyping platforms, now necessary with the increasing use of the recently developed Affymetrix Axiom Equine genotyping array.
Stress and quality of life in parents of children with phenylketonuria
Authors: Irannejad Fatemeh , Dehghan Mahlagha , Mehdipour Rabori Roghayeh 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundPhenylketonuria is a hereditary disease caused by the lack or deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase enzyme activity. Parents of children with phenylketonuria undergo significant stress during their childcare years. They are also responsible for controlling their children’s dietary treatment and this may affect their quality of life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between stress and quality of life in parents of children with phenylketonuria.MethodsThe present cross‐sectional study is a correlation–analytical research performed on parents of children with phenylketonuria in Kerman province in Iran in 2017. In total, 124 parents were chosen by consensus method. Parents completed the perceived stress scale and quality of life (SF36). SPSS software version 18 (https://www.presidion.com/software/ibm-spss-trial-downloads/) was used to analyze the data.ResultsTotal scores of stress and quality of life were 28.81 ± 8.74 and 45.97 ± 21.22. There was a significant negative correlation between quality of life and perceived stress (p < 0.001 and
ρ = −0.58).ConclusionParents of children with phenylketonuria have moderate quality of life and relatively high stress. The medical community and authorities should take steps to improve the quality of life and reduce stress experienced by parents of children with phenylketonuria.
Investment and the Cross‐Section of Equity Returns
Authors: CLEMENTI GIAN LUCA , PALAZZO BERARDINO 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThe data show that, upon being hit by adverse profitability shocks, large public firms have ample latitude to divest their least productive assets, reducing the risk faced by shareholders and the returns that they are likely to demand. In the one‐factor production‐based asset pricing model, when the frictions to capital adjustment are shaped to respect the evidence on investment, the model‐generated cross‐sectional dispersion of returns is only a small fraction of that documented in the data. Our conclusions hold even when operating or labor leverage is modeled in ways shown to be promising in the extant literature.
Survey of procedural and resuscitation requirements for paediatricians working in a non‐tertiary centre: Implications for training
Authors: Hardy Andrew , Fuller David G , Forrester Mike , Anderson Kym P , Cooper Chris , Jenner Bernard , Marshall Isaac , Sanderson Christine , Standish Jane , Worth Janie , Vuillermin Peter , McCloskey Kathleen 
Published: October 2018

AimThere are minimal data to guide the continuing medical education (CME) of general paediatricians working in non‐tertiary hospitals. The aim of this study was to determine the procedural and resuscitation skills required by non‐tertiary paediatricians and the frequency with which these skills are utilised.MethodsOver a 12‐month period (December 2012 to December 2013), each of the 11 paediatricians involved in acute inpatient care at University Hospital Geelong (UHG) completed a weekly online survey regarding their inpatient clinical experience. This included procedures performed or directly supervised as well as their resuscitation involvement.ResultsEach of the 11 paediatricians who managed inpatients on a regular or semi‐regular basis during the study period agreed to participate, and each completed all of the weekly surveys. There were seven UHG paediatricians with an inpatient appointment (each with a 0.27 full‐time equivalent (FTE) paediatrician workload) and four paediatricians providing inpatient cover on a locum basis. Over the course of 12 months, each 0.27 FTE paediatrician was, on average, involved in 11.3 neonatal, 1.7 infant and 2.4 child resuscitations and performed 0.9 intubations.ConclusionsPaediatricians working at non‐tertiary hospitals are required to perform and supervise critical procedural and resuscitation skills but have limited opportunities to maintain proficiency in such skills. General paediatric training and consultant paediatrician CME programmes should ensure the acquisition and maintenance of the procedural and resuscitation skills required for the management of seriously ill children in non‐tertiary acute care settings.
Effect of Radix isatidis polysaccharide on alleviating insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus cells and rats
Authors: Li Ji-ping , Yuan Ye , Zhang Wen-you , Jiang Zhen , Hu Tian-jiao , Feng Yi-ting , Liu Mo-xiang 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Objectives
The objective of this paper was to explore the effects of Radix isatidis polysaccharide (RIP) extracted from Radix isatis on alleviating insulin resistance.

Methods
The insulin resistance models of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and type 2 diabetic rats were established to evaluate the insulin resistance activity of RIP.

Key findings
Radix isatidis polysaccharide within the concentration range of 25–100 μg/ml could reduce cell supernatant glucose and TNF-α levels (P &lt; 0.01) and increase the expression of PI-3K P85, Glut4, IRS-1 and Akt protein in symptoms of IR 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. In the meantime, RIP contributed to relieve the weight loss of diabetic rats whose liver weight and liver index were decreased due to the effects of RIP. Experiments in rats also showed that RIP had capacity in reduced serum TC, TG, LDL-C, FFA, FBG, FINS, MDA, ALT, AST activities and increased serum HDL-C, SOD, ISI (P &lt; 0.05 or 0.01). In addition, the oral glucose tolerance in rats was improved (P &lt; 0.05) and liver damage was restored due to RIP.

Conclusions
Radix isatidis polysaccharide significantly alleviates insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and type 2 diabetic rats. These beneficial effects of RIP may associate with their roles in improving the glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism and oxidative stress.
Metabolic analysis of the melatonin biosynthesis pathway using chemical labeling coupled with liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Ye Tiantian , Yin Xiaoming , Yu Lei , Zheng Shu‐Jian , Cai Wen‐Jing , Wu Yan , Feng Yu‐Qi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCharacterization of the melatonin (MLT) biosynthesis pathway in plants is still limited. Additionally, a metabolomic analysis of MLT biosynthesis in plants is still a challenge due to analyte structural and chemical diversity, low analyte abundances, and plant matrix complexities. Herein, a sensitive liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) method enabling the simultaneous determination of seven plant MLT biosynthetic metabolites was developed. In the proposed strategy, the targeted metabolites, which included tryptophan (Trp), tryptamine (TAM), 5‐hydroxytryptophan (5HTP), serotonin (5HT), N‐acetylserotonin (NAS), 5‐methoxytryptamine (5MT), and MLT, were purified from plant extracts using a one‐step dispersive solid‐phase extraction (DSPE). The samples were then chemically labeled with dansyl chloride (DNS‐Cl), followed by analysis using LC‐MS. The limit of detection (LOD) values ranged from 0.03 to 1.36 pg/mL and presented a 22‐ to 469‐fold decrease when compared to the unlabeled metabolites. Due to the high sensitivity of the proposed method, the consumption of plant materials was reduced to 10 mg FW. Ultimately, the established method was utilized to examine the distributions of MLT and its intermediates in rice shoots and roots with or without cadmium (Cd) stress. The results suggested that under normal condition, MLT may also be generated via a Trp/TAM/5HT/5MT/MLT path (Pathway II) in addition to the previously reported Trp/TAM/5HT/NAS/MLT path (Pathway I), although Pathway I was shown to be dominant. During Cd stress, MLT was also shown to be produced through these two pathways, with Pathway II shown to be dominant in rice shoots and roots.
Characterization and comparison of neutrophil extracellular traps in gingival samples of periodontitis and gingivitis: A pilot study
Authors: Magán‐Fernández Antonio , O'Valle Francisco , Abadía‐Molina Francisco , Muñoz Ricardo , Puga‐Guil Patricia , Mesa Francisco 
Published: October 2018

Background and ObjectiveNeutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are a recently discovered antimicrobial mechanism used by neutrophils that have been proposed as an intervention in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. The objective of our study was to characterize the expression of NETs in gingival tissues with periodontitis and controls and to compare the expression of these traps in gingival tissue samples of patients with gingivitis and periodontitis.Material and MethodsAn observational cross‐sectional study was conducted on patients with periodontitis, gingivitis, and controls that needed tooth extraction. Gingival tissue biopsies were gathered after clinical examination and tooth extraction. Electron microscopy and immunofluorescence were performed to characterize NETs, comparing periodontitis and control patients. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to quantify neutrophil extracellular trap expression through extracellular citrullinated histone H3 and myeloperoxidase in biopsies from patients with gingivitis and periodontitis.ResultsThirteen biopsies were gathered from 13 patients: five gingivitis, six periodontitis, and two controls. Electron microscopy and immunofluorescence imaging showed greater expression of neutrophils present in periodontal inflamed tissue compared with controls. Release of nuclear content to the extracellular space was observed, compatible with the formation of NETs. The expression of citrullinated histone H3 was higher in gingivitis samples than periodontitis samples (P = 0.0106). Myeloperoxidase expression was higher in periodontitis than gingivitis, but without achieving statistical significance.ConclusionNeutrophil extracellular traps were found in tissue samples of periodontitis as extracellular components of chromatin, along with neutrophil enzymes, that were not present in healthy controls. The comparison of NETs expression in periodontitis and gingivitis showed higher expression in gingivitis, associating them to acute phases of the periodontal inflammatory process.
Retrospective Orientation to Learning Activities and Achievements as a Resource in Classroom Interaction
Authors: JAKONEN TEPPO 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis article explores the temporal nature of language learning in classroom settings through the lens of Conversation Analysis (CA) by drawing on video‐recorded interactions from Content and Language Integrated (CLIL) classrooms. It outlines some methodological challenges that the task of documenting language learning in and as observable social interaction poses for CA studies of second language (L2) learning and proposes that learning has typically been described as either a situated activity (in cross‐sectional studies) or a series of intermediate achievements (in longitudinal studies). The empirical analysis focuses on interactional instances in which students observably invoke and describe their earlier learning activities or achievements as part of some ongoing classroom activity, either in whole‐class or peer interaction. It is argued that such instances of a retrospective orientation to learning offer empirical materials for examining learning trajectories from a participant's perspective, how connections between moments and social domains separated by time and space are forged, and how resources are accumulated, recalibrated, and put to use. The focal interactions also raise conceptual implications for the ways in which learning is both situated and transferable, as well as methodological implications for how retrospection can best be rendered analytically accessible by way of a CA approach.
Perspectives on acute kidney injury strategy: Hong Kong
Authors: Szeto Cheuk‐Chun 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTAcute kidney injury is a common condition in hospitalized patients and a strong predictor of short‐term morbidity and mortality. In this article, local epidemiological data on the prevalence and outcome of acute kidney injury amongst hospitalized patient in a tertiary referral center were discussed. The latest practice guidelines endorsed by the Hong Kong College of Physicians will be discussed, with emphasis on local practical issues and problems of guideline implementation.
Glomerular mesangial cell and podocyte injuries in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Tung Chun‐Wu , Hsu Yung‐Chien , Shih Ya‐Hsueh , Chang Pey‐Jium , Lin Chun‐Liang 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTDiabetic nephropathy is one of the leading causes of end‐stage renal disease and creates heavy healthcare burdens globally. Dysfunction of mesangial cells and podocytes contributes to diabetic nephropathy. Dysregulation of signaling involved in renal development and regeneration may cause diabetic kidney damages. Growing evidences suggest the importance of dysregulated dickkopf‐1 (DKK1)/Wnt/ β‐catenin signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of diabetic glomerular injuries. The inhibition of Wnt signaling in injured mesangial cells is likely attributed to the high glucose‐induced Ras/Rac1 dependent superoxide formation. When DKK1, the cellular inhibitor of Wnt signaling, binds to the Kremen‐2 receptor, depositions of extracellular matrix increase in the mesangium of diabetic kidneys. Additionally, reactivation of Notch‐1 signaling has been implicated in podocytopathy during diabetic proteinuria development. Knocking down Notch‐1 alleviates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, nephrin repression and proteinuria in diabetic kidneys. It is also found that epigenetic modulations by histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) and miR‐29a could lead to diabetic nephropathy. High glucose increases the expression of HDAC4, which causes deacetylation with subsequent ubiquitination of nephrin. Overexpression of miR‐29a in diabetic transgenic mice would decrease the expression of HDAC4 and stabilize nephrin. Surprisingly, reprogramming or reactivation of signaling involved in renal development or regeneration often brings about diabetic glomerular sclerosis in mesangial cells and podocytes. Better knowledge about modifications of embryonic stem cell signaling will have a chance to implement strategically focused pharmacological research programs aiming to the development of new drugs for diabetic kidney injuries.
Role of Krüppel‐like factor‐2 in kidney disease
Authors: Zhong Fang , Lee Kyung , He John C 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTKrüppel‐like factor‐2 (KLF2) is a transcription factor that plays a major role in the regulation of endothelial cell function. KLF2 protects against endothelial cell injury through its anti‐inflammatory, anti‐thrombotic and anti‐angiogenic effects to maintain the normal vascular integrity. Our recent data indicate that KLF2 is down‐regulated in glomerular endothelial cells of patients with diabetic kidney disease and that endothelial cell‐specific reduction in KLF2 expression in experimental model of diabetic kidney disease exacerbates glomerular endothelial cell injury and accelerates the disease progression. KLF2 is a key transcriptional regulator of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and its renoprotective function may be mediated through the increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression. As KLF2 expression is stimulated by shear stress, we also investigated the role of KLF2 in the nephrectomy mouse model, in which the endothelial KLF2 expression would be increased through glomerular hyperfiltration in the remnant kidney. Reduction of endothelial KLF2 led to increased glomerular endothelial cell injury and progressive kidney disease in uninephrectomized mice. Interestingly, KLF2 expression is also reduced in nephrectomy patients with progressive kidney disease as compared to those with the non‐progressive disease. Together, these studies indicate a critical role of KLF2 in maintaining normal glomerular endothelial cell function and that deficiency of KLF2 leads to more progressive kidney disease.
Advanced therapeutics in focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis
Authors: Liu Yunzi , Shi Yifan , Ren Rong , Xie Jingyuan , Wang Weiming , Chen Nan 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTFocal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a glomerulonephritis with podocyte injury. The renal prognosis of FSGS is relative poor. The overall remission rate of the FSGS patients with nephrotic syndrome to immunosuppressive treatments was reported as 47–66%, highlighting its therapeutic challenge—lacking in sufficient evidence‐based interventions. In first‐line treatment of nephrotic syndrome, daily oral prednisolone is a commonly used drug, whereas optimal treatment strategies, like indications and duration, remain controversial. Calcineurin inhibitor and cyclophosphamide are recommended in steroid‐dependent/steroid‐resistant patients. However, the high unmet need in effective immunosuppressive treatments calls for the development of new therapy methods. Rituximab, a monoclonal antibody targeting CD20 B‐cells, could increase the complete or partial remission rate, and decrease the relapse rate based on several previous studies on FSGS. In addition, the using of rituximab could potentially help the FSGS patients to stop the concomitant therapy include steroid and immunosuppressive agents. Other treatment options like adalimumab or abatacept also showed potential therapeutic effect, but still required larger Randomized Controlled Trial study to determine its efficiency and safety. Besides, expanding understanding of the genetic basis of FSGS is necessary to investigate new therapeutic agents. With the unsatisfied patients’ outcome under the current treatments, innovation should be encouraged on the treatment strategy based on Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes guideline and international collaborations are required for the potential novel immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory therapies.
Chronic kidney disease epidemic: How do we deal with it?
Authors: Ng Jack K‐C , Li Philip K‐T 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity around the world. The prevalence of CKD increases steadily over the past decade in parallel to the rapid expansion of diabetic population. Apart from increased mortality, CKD also has significant impact on quality of life and the economy. The approach to deal with the global CKD epidemic is multifaceted. Early detection by screening high‐risk individuals such as those with hypertension and diabetes is important and cost‐effective. However, low CKD awareness in many countries may impose barriers to early intervention. Hence raising CKD awareness among public and policy makers should be encouraged. In addition, the use of peritoneal dialysis, a less costly and home‐based dialysis modality compared with in‐center haemodialysis, should be promoted to maximize access to dialysis with limited resources. Finally, ongoing research and clinical trials through international collaborations could provide further insight into the pathophysiology of CKD progression, and establish the foundation for development of specific therapeutic agents to retard progression to end stage renal failure.
New insights into the role and mechanism of Wnt/β‐catenin signalling in kidney fibrosis
Authors: Zuo Yangyang , Liu Youhua 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTWnt/β‐catenin is an evolutionarily conserved, developmental signalling pathway that regulates embryogenesis, injury repair and pathogenesis of human diseases. Dysregulated activation of Wnt/β‐catenin is associated with the development and progression of renal fibrotic lesions after injury. Wnt are induced and β‐catenin is activated in various models of experimental chronic kidney disease (CKD) and in human nephropathies. Recent findings indicate that pro(renin) receptor is an amplifier of Wnt/β‐catenin by acting as a downstream target and an obligatory component for its signal transduction. Genetic blockade of Wnt secretion in a cell type‐specific manner uncovers renal tubular epithelium as the major source of Wnt ligands in CKD. Wnt/β‐catenin controls the expression of a wide variety of downstream mediators implicated in kidney fibrosis, such as fibronectin, Snail1, matrix metalloproteinase‐7, hepatocyte growth factor and various components of the renin‐angiotensin system. Targeted inhibition of Wnt/β‐catenin is able to ameliorate kidney fibrotic lesions in pre‐clinical settings. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the regulation, signal transduction, role and mechanisms of Wnt/β‐catenin signalling in the pathogenesis of kidney fibrosis. We also discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting this pathway for the treatment of fibrotic CKD.