bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uncovering Below Cloud Rain‐Vapor Interactions During Tropical Rain Events Through Simultaneous and Continuous Real‐Time Monitoring of Rain and Vapor Isotopes
Authors: He Shaoneng , Jackisch Dominik , Feng Lujia , Samanta Dhrubajyoti , Wang Xianfeng , Goodkin Nathalie F. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDue to limited water vapor measurements, vapor isotopes have been traditionally estimated under the assumption of isotopic equilibrium between rain and vapor below cloud base. However, recent advancements in analytical instruments allow more vapor isotopic measurements that have challenged this assumption. To enhance our understanding of rain‐vapor interactions below cloud base in tropical regions, we established an automated system to measure rain and vapor isotopes simultaneously and continuously in real time at minute intervals in Singapore. Among 324 rain events monitored from 2016 to 2019, 81% exhibited a substantial departure of rain and vapor isotopes from the expected equilibrium. This departure suggests that raindrop evaporation plays a larger role in determining their isotopes. The conclusion is supported by the generally lower slopes of the local meteoric water line. Seasonal variations in rain event characteristics indicate changing influences of rain‐vapor interactions: during monsoons, more frequent heavy rainfall maintains relatively high humidity below cloud base, favoring rain‐vapor isotopic equilibrium, whereas during inter‐monsoons, more light rain events lead to pronounced rain evaporation and larger isotopic differences. Furthermore, rain‐vapor interactions below cloud base significantly modulated their isotope evolution during individual events. As events progressed, reduced humidity favored evaporation, increasing rain isotope values and decreasing its d‐excess, whereas vapor isotope values decreased and its d‐excess increased. Our study introduces a new approach to capturing real‐time high‐resolution rain and vapor isotopes at minute intervals to understand the dynamics of rain‐vapor interactions below cloud base. Findings underscore the crucial role of these interactions in influencing rain and vapor isotopes during tropical rain events.
Constraining the Duration and Ages of Stratigraphic Unconformities on Mars Using Exhumed Craters
Authors: Annex A. M. , Lewis K. W. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCrater counting is a widely applied methodology for dating large areas of planetary surfaces, but is difficult to apply the method to constrain the durations of stratigraphic unconformities. Unconformities with exhumed craters are thought to indicate long hiatuses that can only be indirectly dated through stratigraphic relationships with other surfaces with uniform exposure ages. On Mars, sedimentary deposits with prominent unconformities with exhumed craters are found in layered deposits in the Arabia Terra region as well as Gale crater within Mount Sharp. In this work, we present a Linear Crater Counting methodology and apply it to constrain these unconformities observed in Arabia Terra and in Mount Sharp. The method applies a linear sampling domain correction to conventional two‐dimensional crater size frequency distributions and Bayesian Poisson process statistics in order to constrain the likely durations of these unconformities. We found that unconformities in Arabia Terra were on the order of 0.1–1 Gyr in length and that the unconformity preserved at Mount Sharp is at least 0.2 Gyr in length given estimates of the ages of the host craters. Hiatuses of these lengths constrain the age of the overlying deposits to be Late Hesperian or Amazonian in age. Two utility plots are also provided, along with the derivation, for researchers to apply this method to dating arbitrary geologic contacts on Mars and to adapt it to other bodies.
A Synoptic‐Dynamic View of the Millennium Drought (2001–2009) in Southeastern Australia
Authors: Jin Chenhui , Reeder Michael J. , Gallant Ailie J. E. , Parker Tess , Sprenger Michael 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAustralia has had several severe droughts in its recent history. Most studies have linked these droughts to large‐scale modes of variability, whereas few studies have investigated droughts from the perspective of weather systems. The current study examines a wide range of weather systems focusing especially on heavy rainfall events, which are important to meteorological drought. Two distinct phases (development and recovery) are identified for the Millennium Drought based on the cumulative standardized precipitation index. Differences in precipitation from heavy rainfall events between the two drought phases are most pronounced in autumn and summer. The pronounced reduction in precipitation from autumn heavy rainfall events during the development phase is due to fewer, less intense, faster‐moving warm conveyor belts. In contrast, increased precipitation from autumn heavy rainfall events in the recovery phase is explained by an interaction between warm conveyor belts and upper‐level anticyclonic potential vorticity with a persistent anticyclonic circulation over the Tasman Sea acting to slow the eastward propagation of rainfall‐producing weather systems. In summer, however, the difference in precipitation from heavy rainfall events in the two drought phases is due to changed moisture content within warm conveyor belts. In the recovery phase, the higher moisture content is associated with greater moisture transport over the Tasman Sea between Australia and New Zealand.
Transgenic rat with ubiquitous expression of angiotensin-(1-7)-producing fusion protein: a new tool to study the role of protective arm of the renin-angiotensin system in the pathophysiology of cardio-renal diseases
Authors: Červenka Luděk , Husková Zuzana , Kikerlová Soňa , Gawrys Olga , Vacková Šárka , Škaroupková Petra , Sadowski Janusz , Miklovič Matúš , Molnár Matej , Táborský Miloš , Melenovský Vojtěch , Bader Michael 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to assess systemic circulatory and tissue activities of both the classical arm and of the alternative arm of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in a new transgenic rat line (TG7371) that expresses angiotensin-(1-7) (ANG 1-7)-producing fusion protein; the results were compared with the activities measured in control transgene-negative Hannover Sprague-Dawley (HanSD) rats. Plasma and tissue concentrations of angiotensin II (ANG II) and ANG 1-7, and kidney mRNA expressions of receptors responsible for biological actions of ANG II and ANG 1-7 [i.e. ANG II type 1 and type 2 (AT1 and AT2) and Mas receptors] were assessed in TG7371 transgene-positive and in HanSD rats. We found that male TG7371 transgene-positive rats exhibited significantly elevated plasma, kidney, heart and lung ANG 1-7 concentrations as compared with control male HanSD rats; by contrast, there was no significant difference in ANG II concentrations and no significant differences in mRNA expression of AT1, AT2 and Mas receptors. In addition, we found that in male TG7371 transgene-positive rats blood pressure was lower than in male HanSD rats. These data indicate that the balance between the classical arm and the alternative arm of the RAS was in male TGR7371 transgene-positive rats markedly shifted in favor of the latter. In conclusion, TG7371 transgene-positive rats represent a new powerful tool to study the long-term role of the alternative arm of the RAS in the pathophysiology and potentially in the treatment of cardio-renal diseases.
Genome-wide meta-analysis of myasthenia gravis uncovers new loci and provides insights into polygenic prediction
Authors: Braun Alice , Shekhar Sudhanshu , Levey Daniel F. , Straub Peter , Kraft Julia , Panagiotaropoulou Georgia M. , Heilbron Karl , Awasthi Swapnil , Meleka Hanna Rafael , Hoffmann Sarah , Stein Maike , Lehnerer Sophie , Mergenthaler Philipp , Elnahas Abdelrahman G. , Topaloudi Apostolia , Koromina Maria , Palviainen Teemu , Asbjornsdottir Bergrun , Stefansson Hreinn , Skuladóttir Astros Th. , Jónsdóttir Ingileif , Stefansson Kari , Reis Kadri , Esko Tõnu , Palotie Aarno , Leypoldt Frank , Stein Murray B. , Fontanillas Pierre ,   Estonian Biobank Research Team,   23andMe Research Team, Kaprio Jaakko , Gelernter Joel , Davis Lea K. , Paschou Peristera , Tannemaat Martijn R. , Verschuuren Jan J.G.M. , Kuhlenbäumer Gregor , Gregersen Peter K. , Huijbers Maartje G. , Stascheit Frauke , Meisel Andreas , Ripke Stephan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMyasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare autoantibody-mediated disease affecting the neuromuscular junction. We performed a genome-wide association study of 5708 MG cases and 432,028 controls of European ancestry and a replication study in 3989 cases and 226,643 controls provided by 23andMe Inc. We identified 12 independent genome-wide significant hits (P < 5e−8) across 11 loci. Subgroup analyses revealed two of these were associated with early-onset (at age <50) and four with late-onset MG (at age ≥ 50). Imputation of human leukocyte antigen alleles revealed inverse effect sizes for late- and early-onset, suggesting a potential modulatory influence on the time of disease manifestation. We assessed the performance of polygenic risk scores for MG, which significantly predicted disease status in an independent target cohort, explaining 4.21% of the phenotypic variation (P = 5.12e−9). With this work, we aim to enhance our understanding of the genetic architecture of MG.
Ultra-inert lanthanide chelates as mass tags for multiplexed bioanalysis
Authors: David Tomáš , Šedinová Miroslava , Myšková Aneta , Kuneš Jaroslav , Maletínská Lenka , Pohl Radek , Dračínský Martin , Mertlíková-Kaiserová Helena , Čížek Karel , Klepetářová Blanka , Litecká Miroslava , Kaňa Antonín , Sýkora David , Jaroš Adam , Straka Michal , Polasek Miloslav 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCoordination compounds of lanthanides are indispensable in biomedical applications as MRI contrast agents and radiotherapeutics. However, since the introduction of the chelator DOTA four decades ago, there has been only limited progress on improving their thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertness, which are essential for safe in vivo use. Here, we present ClickZip, an innovative synthetic strategy employing a coordination-templated formation of a 1,5-triazole bridge that improves kinetic inertness up to a million-fold relative to DOTA, expanding utility of lanthanide chelates beyond traditional uses. Acting as unique mass tags, the ClickZip chelates can be released from (biological) samples by acidic hydrolysis, chromatographically distinguished from interfering lanthanide species, and sensitively detected by mass spectrometry. Lanthanides enclosed in ClickZip chelates are chemically almost indistinguishable, providing a more versatile alternative to chemically identical isotopic labels for multiplexed analysis. The bioanalytical potential is demonstrated on tagged cell-penetrating peptides in vitro, and anti-obesity prolactin-releasing peptides in vivo.
Post-translational toxin modification by lactate controls Staphylococcus aureus virulence
Authors: Wang Yanan , Liu Yanfeng , Xiang Guoxiu , Jian Ying , Yang Ziyu , Chen Tianchi , Ma Xiaowei , Zhao Na , Dai Yingxin , Lv Yan , Wang Hua , He Lei , Shi Bisheng , Liu Qian , Liu Yao , Otto Michael , Li Min 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDiverse post-translational modifications have been shown to play important roles in regulating protein function in eukaryotes. By contrast, the roles of post-translational modifications in bacteria are not so well understood, particularly as they relate to pathogenesis. Here, we demonstrate post-translational protein modification by covalent addition of lactate to lysine residues (lactylation) in the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. Lactylation is dependent on lactate concentration and specifically affects alpha-toxin, in which a single lactylated lysine is required for full activity and virulence in infection models. Given that lactate levels typically increase during infection, our results suggest that the pathogen can use protein lactylation as a mechanism to increase toxin-mediated virulence during infection.
Pharmacogenomic screening identifies and repurposes leucovorin and dyclonine as pro-oligodendrogenic compounds in brain repair
Authors: Huré Jean-Baptiste , Foucault Louis , Ghayad Litsa Maria , Marie Corentine , Vachoud Nicolas , Baudouin Lucas , Azmani Rihab , Ivljanin Natalija , Arevalo-Nuevo Alvaro , Pigache Morgane , Bouslama-Oueghlani Lamia , Chemelle Julie-Anne , Dronne Marie-Aimée , Terreux Raphaël , Hassan Bassem , Gueyffier François , Raineteau Olivier , Parras Carlos 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOligodendrocytes are critical for CNS myelin formation and are involved in preterm-birth brain injury (PBI) and multiple sclerosis (MS), both of which lack effective treatments. We present a pharmacogenomic approach that identifies compounds with potent pro-oligodendrogenic activity, selected through a scoring strategy (OligoScore) based on their modulation of oligodendrogenic and (re)myelination-related transcriptional programs. Through in vitro neural and oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) cultures, ex vivo cerebellar explants, and in vivo mouse models of PBI and MS, we identify FDA-approved leucovorin and dyclonine as promising candidates. In a neonatal chronic hypoxia mouse model mimicking PBI, both compounds promote neural progenitor cell proliferation and oligodendroglial fate acquisition, with leucovorin further enhancing differentiation. In an adult MS model of focal de/remyelination, they improve lesion repair by promoting OPC differentiation while preserving the OPC pool. Additionally, they shift microglia from a pro-inflammatory to a pro-regenerative profile and enhance myelin debris clearance. These findings support the repurposing of leucovorin and dyclonine for clinical trials targeting myelin disorders, offering potential therapeutic avenues for PBI and MS.
Single-point mutated lanmodulin as a high-performance MRI contrast agent for vascular and kidney imaging
Authors: Liu Yuxia , Gao Duyang , He Yuanyuan , Ma Jing , Chong Suet Yen , Qi Xinyi , Ting Hui Jun , Luo Zichao , Yi Zhigao , Tang Jingyu , Chang Chao , Wang Jiongwei , Sheng Zonghai , Zheng Hairong , Liu Xiaogang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging contrast agents can enhance diagnostic precision but often face limitations such as short imaging windows, low tissue specificity, suboptimal contrast enhancement, or potential toxicity, which affect resolution and long-term monitoring. Here, we present a protein contrast agent based on lanmodulin, engineered with a single-point mutation at position 108 from N to D to yield maximum gadolinium binding sites. After loading with Gd3+ ions, the resulting protein complex, LanND-Gd, exhibits efficient renal clearance, high relaxivity, and prolonged renal retention compared to commercial agents. LanND-Gd enables high-performance visualization of whole-body structures and brain vasculature in male mice at a resolution finer than one hundred micrometers. In male ischemia mouse models, LanND-Gd also improves kidney dysfunction monitoring while minimizing risks of neural toxicity or immunogenic reactions. This protein-based contrast agent offers superior image quality, improved biocompatibility, and extended imaging timeframes, promising significant advancements in magnetic resonance-based diagnostics and patient outcomes.
Parsing heterogeneity in global and local white matter integrity at different stages across the psychosis continuum
Authors: Iseli Galya C. , Ulrich Sarah , Stämpfli Philipp , Studerus Erich , Coynel David , Riecher-Rössler Anita , Homan Philipp , Kaiser Stefan , Borgwardt Stefan , Kirschner Matthias , Schmidt André 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPsychosis progresses along a continuum. While heterogeneity is evident across the continuum, it remains unknown whether this is also reflected in white matter (WM) heterogeneity and whether parsing WM heterogeneity may reveal subgroups with more pronounced clinical features. This analysis included 212 participants consisting of healthy controls (HC, n = 59), individuals with high schizotypy (SPT, n = 27), at-risk mental state (ARMS, n = 35), and patients with first episode psychosis (FEP, n = 50) and schizophrenia (SZ, n = 41). Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and fibre density (FD), a non-tensor-derived diffusion marker, was computed. The Person-Based-Similarity Index (PBSI) and Coefficient of Variation Ratio (CVR) were computed to assess global and local heterogeneity. ANOVAs were performed to determine whether people with deviating PBSIs exhibit more pronounced clinical features. Global heterogeneity for all diffusion parameters significantly differed across groups, with greatest difference in heterogeneity between SZ and HC. Results further indicate that FA deviators exhibit lower global functioning and higher negative symptoms. Local FA heterogeneity was greater in FEP relative to ARMS and HC in almost all WM tracts, while SZ patients specifically showed greater heterogeneity in the right thalamic radiation and the left uncinate compared to HCs. Group differences in WM heterogeneity might be indicative of symptom specificity and duration. While these findings offer valuable insights into the neurobiological variability of psychosis, they are primarily hypothesis-generating. Future large-scale studies are warranted to test the robustness of diffusion markers and their clinical relevance.
Mathematics interest, self-efficacy, and anxiety predict STEM career choice in emerging adulthood
Authors: Ferdinand Rebecca , Malanchini Margherita , Rimfeld Kaili 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTo examine the combined effects of maths anxiety (MA), maths self-efficacy (MSE), and maths interest (MI) on STEM career choice, we analysed self-report data from 7908 Twins Early Development Study participants, collected at ages 16 (MSE, MI), 18 (MA) and 21 (STEM career choice). When analysed in the same model, MSE did not independently predict STEM career choice. MI (OR = 1.75) was a stronger predictor than MA (OR = 0.79), which was not significant after controlling for maths achievement. MI was a significant positive predictor of STEM career choices for both males (OR = 1.88) and females (OR = 1.77). However, MA was only predictive for males (OR = 0.62), and MSE was only predictive for females in the unadjusted model (OR = 1.77). These results highlight the importance of nurturing maths interest to bridge the STEM skills gap, regardless of sex. Future research should consider the co-development of maths-related psychological constructs to further understand their influence on STEM career paths.
Comprehensive experimental datasets of quasicrystals and their approximants
Authors: Fujita Erina , Liu Chang , Ishikawa Asuka , Mato Tomoya , Kitahara Koichi , Tamura Ryuji , Kimura Kaoru , Yoshida Ryo , Katsura Yukari 
Published: November 2024

AbstractQuasicrystals are solid-state materials that typically exhibit unique symmetries, such as icosahedral or decagonal diffraction symmetry. They were first discovered in 1984. Over the past four decades of quasicrystal research, around 100 stable quasicrystals have been discovered. In recent years, machine learning has been employed to explore quasicrystals with unique properties inherent to quasiperiodic systems. However, the lack of open data on quasicrystal composition, structure, and physical properties has hindered the widespread use of machine learning in quasicrystal research. This study involves a comprehensive literature review and manual data extraction to develop open datasets consisting of composition, structure types, phase diagrams, and sample fabrication processes for a wide range of stable and metastable quasicrystals and approximant crystals, as well as the temperature-dependent thermal, electrical, and magnetic properties.
Genome assembly at chromosome scale with telomere ends for Pearlspot, Etroplus suratensis
Authors: Katneni Vinaya Kumar , Krishnan Karthic , Prabhudas Sudheesh K , Jayaraman Roja , Quraishi Nida , Vasagam Kumaraguru , Jangam Ashok Kumar , Angel Jesudhas Raymond Jani , Kaikkolante Nimisha , Jayaraman Kumaravel , Mudagandur S Shekhar 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe pearlspot, Etroplus suratensis is a climate resilient cichlid fish that exhibits unusual adaptation to salinity. The fish is able to complete full life cycle in diverse salinity habitats ranging from fresh water to marine environments. High-quality primary and phased genome assemblies were generated for pearlspot fish using PacBio HiFi and Arima HiC sequencing technologies, for the first time. The primary assembly is highly contiguous with contig N50 length of 36 Mb. The final assembly is of 1.247 Gb with N50 length of 51.57 Mb and 98% of the genome length anchored to 24 chromosomes. The genome was assessed to be 99.9% complete based on BUSCO evaluation and was predicted to contain 52.96% repeat elements. We have predicted 27,192 protein encoding genes, of which 21,580 were functionally annotated. The genome offers an invaluable resource to understand adaptation of pearlspot fish to diverse salinity habitats.
Analysis of multidimensional impacts of electric vehicles penetration in distribution networks
Authors: Ibrahim Rania A. , Gaber Ibrahim. M. , Zakzouk Nahla E. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMoving towards a cleaner, greener, and more sustainable future, expanding electric vehicles (EVs) adoption is inevitable. However, uncontrolled charging of EVs, especially with their increased penetration among the utility grid, imposes several negative technical impacts, including grid instability and deteriorated power quality in addition to overloading conditions. Hence, smart and coordinated charging is crucial in EV electrification, where Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology is gaining much interest. Owing to its inherited capability of bi-directional power flow, V2G is capable of enhancing grid stability and resilience, load balancing, and congestion alleviation, as well as supporting renewable energy sources (RESs) integration. However, as with most emerging technologies, there are still technical research gaps that need to be addressed. In addition to these technical impacts, other multidisciplinary factors must be investigated to promote EVs adoption and V2G implementation. This paper provides a detailed demonstration of the technical problems associated with EVs penetration in distribution networks along with quantifiable insights into these limitations and the corresponding mitigation schemes. In addition, it discusses V2G benefits for power systems and consumers, as well as explores their technical barriers and research directions to adequately regulate their services and encourage EV’s owners to its embracement. Moreover, other factors, including regulatory, social, economic and environmental ones that affect EV market penetration are being studied and related challenges are analyzed to draw recommendations that aid market growth.