bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Pursuit of Closed‐Loop Supply Chains for Critical Materials: An Exploratory Study in the Green Energy Sector
Authors: Lapko Yulia , Trianni Andrea , Nuur Cali , Masi Donato 
Published: February 2018

SummaryA closed‐loop supply chain (CLSC) is considered not only an important solution for ensuring sustainable exploitation of materials, but also a promising strategy for securing long‐term availability of materials. The latter is especially highlighted in the materials criticality discourse. Critical raw materials (CRMs), being exposed to supply disruptions, create an uncertain operational environment for many industries, particularly for green energy technologies that employ multiple CRMs. However, recycling rates of CRMs are very low and engagement of companies in CLSC for CRM is limited. This study examines factors influencing CLSC for CRM development in photovoltaic panels and wind turbine technologies. The aim is to analyze how the factors manifest themselves in different companies along the supply chain and to identify enabling and bottleneck conditions for implementation of CLSC for CRM. The novelty of the study is twofold: the focus on material rather than product flows, and examination of factors from a multiactor perspective. The evidence obtained suggests that the manufacturing companies and reverse supply‐chain operators engaged in the study take different perspectives (product vs. material) regarding development of CLSC for CRM and thus emphasize different factors. The findings underline the need for interactions between supply‐chain actors, a sound competitive environment for recycling processes, and investment in technologies and infrastructure development if CLSC for CRM is to be developed. The paper provides implications for practitioners and policy makers for implementation of CLSC for CRM, and suggests prospects for further research.
Effects of the biocontrol agent Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SN16‐1 on the rhizosphere bacterial community and growth of tomato
Authors: Wan Tingting , Zhao Huihui , Wang Wei 
Published: February 2018

AbstractFusarium oxysporum is a common soil‐borne pathogen that causes serious economic losses in tomato crops worldwide. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of the bio‐control agents Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SN16‐1 and Pseudomonas fluorescens SN15‐2 and the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (FOL) inoculation on tomato rhizosphere bacterial communities and growth, as measured by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T‐RFLP). Treatment with SN16‐1 and SN15‐2 had a transient influence on indigenous bacterial communities, withSN16‐1 showing great potential for controlling FOL. The corresponding genera of terminal restriction fragments (T‐RFs) that were significantly altered after 10 days were obtained using Ribosomal Database Project (RDP) database comparison. Genera that produce antibiotics and promote plant growth were activated by SN16‐1 and FOL treatments, indicating that SN16‐1 responds quickly to FOL invasion. Moreover, the bioremediation activity characteristic of certain genera and the levels of enzymes that degrade pathogen cell walls were decreased while bacterial nutrient cycling and plant growth promotion were enhanced with FOL treatment. In conclusion, we found that SN16‐1 possesses the capacity to control tomato wilt, acts synergistically with soil microbes and does not have a persistent effect on the rhizosphere bacterial communities of tomato.
Towards a better understanding of the Chenopodium album aggregate (Amaranthaceae) in the Middle East: A karyological, cytometric and morphometric investigation
Authors: Habibi Farzaneh , Vít Petr , Rahiminejad Mohammadreza , Mandák Bohumil 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe study of variation in nuclear genome size, especially when combined with common garden experiments, significantly contributes to disentangling interspecies relationships within taxonomically complicated plant groups. The Chenopodium album aggregate is among the morphologically most variable groups and consists of many weakly differentiated cosmopolitan entities. We analysed nuclear genome size variation in diploid and polyploid species of the aggregate from Iran using flow cytometry of 282 accessions from 88 populations of 7 species. To this end, we also determined chromosome numbers and performed a morphometric study to reveal the extent of intraspecific morphological variation. We found that Iranian species are exclusively diploid (C. vulvaria), tetraploid (C. novopokrovskyanum, C. strictum, C. sosnowskyi and C. chaldoranicum) or hexaploid (C. album subsp. album, C. album subsp. iranicum and C. opulifolium). Six homogeneous relative genome size groups were distinguished among the species studied. Our morphometric study surprisingly revealed that under similar ecological conditions Chenopodium species are morphologically stable and well distinguishable, exhibited very little morphological variation. Hence, immense variation in leaf shapes, branching and inflorescence organization seen in the field has not been repeated under greenhouse conditions. The only exception was C. album s. str. which exhibited numerous morphotypes, covering the variation of remaining species.
Borrelia burgdorferi genes, bb0639‐0642, encode a putative putrescine/spermidine transport system, PotABCD, that is spermidine specific and essential for cell survival
Authors: Bontemps‐Gallo Sébastien , Lawrence Kevin A. , Richards Crystal L. , Gherardini Frank C. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryPolyamines are an essential class of metabolites found throughout all kingdoms in life. Borrelia burgdorferi harbors no enzymes to synthesize or degrade polyamines yet does contain a polyamine uptake system, potABCD. In this report, we describe the initial characterization of this putative transport system. After several unsuccessful attempts to inactivate potABCD, we placed the operon under the control of an inducible LacI promoter expression system. Analyses of this construct confirmed that potABCD was required for in vitro survival. Additionally, we demonstrated that the potABCD operon were upregulated in vitro by low osmolarity. Previously, we had shown that low osmolarity triggers the activation of the Rrp2/RpoN/RpoS regulatory cascade, which regulates genes essential for the transmission of spirochetes from ticks to mammalian hosts. Interestingly, induction of the pot operon was only affected in an rpoS mutant but not in a rpoN mutant, suggesting that the genes were RpoS dependent and RpoN independent. Furthermore, potABCD was upregulated during tick feeding concomitant with the initiation of spirochete replication. Finally, uptake experiments determined the specificity of B. burgdorferi's PotABCD for spermidine.
Mortality and short‐term morbidity in infants with exomphalos
Authors: Sakonidou Susanna , Ali Kamal , Farmer Isabel , Hickey Ann , Greenough Anne 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundInfants with exomphalos major have a high mortality and morbidity. The aims of this study were to identify predictors of survival regardless of the size of the exomphalos, and to analyze morbidity in infants with exomphalos minor.MethodsPatients were classified as having exomphalos major or minor based on whether the liver was in the exomphalos sac, and the size of the abdominal wall defect. The respiratory, gastrointestinal and surgical outcomes of 50 infants with exomphalos (including 27 with exomphalos major) were assessed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to identify factors predictive of survival.ResultsNo infant with exomphalos minor died; there were seven deaths in the exomphalos major group (P < 0.001). Infants with exomphalos minor who had chromosomal abnormalities (six had a genetic diagnosis of Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome) developed severe respiratory distress or chronic respiratory morbidity. Nasogastric feeding at discharge was required in 37% of infants with exomphalos major and in 17% with exomphalos minor. Lower gestational age (area under the ROC curve [AUROC], 0.814) and birthweight (AUROC, 0.797), and longer duration of ventilation (AUROC, 0.853) and of supplementary oxygen (AUROC, 0.810) were predictive of mortality.ConclusionsInfants with exomphalos regardless of size can have chronic morbidity. Mortality is commonest in those with exomphalos major born at lower gestational age and birthweight.
Medawar's “actively acquired tolerance” and the Danger model: Setting the record straight
Authors: Al‐Yassin G. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractI describe here what I believe is a misrepresentation of the classic observations of Billingham, Brent and Medawar on “actively acquired tolerance,” by Ridge, Fuchs and Matzinger; I set the record straight by revisiting the original literature and discussing the implications of this misinterpretation.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Young James 
Published: February 2018

International Journal of Social Science Studies (IJSSS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether IJSSS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 6, Number 3 Abdul Azim Akhtar, Independent Academic & Researcher, Delhi, IndiaAgboola O. Paul, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, MalaysiaAslan,Yasin, Sinop University, TurkeyFernando Aragón-Durand, National Autonomous University of Mexico, MexicoImran Ali Sandano, Zhejiang University, ChinaJadranka Svarc, Institute of Social Sciences Ivo Pilar, Zagreb, CroatiaJehu Onyekwere Nnaji, University of Naples II,Italy and Globe Visions Network Italy, ItalyJihyoung Kim, Pyeongtaek University, South KoreaJulia M. Mack, Gannon University, USALaura Diaconu Maxim, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza University" of Iasi, RomaniaMałgorzata Haładewicz, Opole University of Technology, PolandMiriam Parise, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, ItalyMohammad Naji Shah Mohammadi, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaQingzhi Huan, Peking University, ChinaRasa Poceviciene, Siauliai University, LithuaniaSerkan Cicek, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, TurkeySharif Alghazo, University of Jordan, JordanTage Alalehto, Umeå University, SwedenTimbre Wulf-Ludden, University of Nebraska at Kearney, USAZafer İbrahimoglu, Marmara University, TurkeyZlatan Begić, University of Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Determinants of neonatal, infant and under-five mortality in a war-affected country: analysis of the 2010 Household Health Survey in South Sudan
Authors: Mugo Ngatho Samuel , Agho Kingsley E , Zwi Anthony B , Damundu Eliaba Yona , Dibley Michael J 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundUnder-five children born in a fragile and war-affected setting of South Sudan are faced with a high risk of death as reflecting in high under-five mortality. In South Sudan health inequities and inequitable condition of daily living play a significant role in childhood mortality. This study examines factors associated with under-five mortality in South Sudan.MethodsThe study population includes 8125 singleton, live birth, under-five children born in South Sudan within 5 years prior to the 2010 South Sudan Household Survey. Factors associated with neonatal, infant and under-five deaths were examined using generalised linear latent and mixed models with the logit link and binomial family that adjusted for cluster and survey weights.ResultsThe multivariate analysis showed that mothers who reported a previous death of a child reported significantly higher risk of neonatal (adjusted OR (AOR)=3.74, 95% confidence interval (CI 2.88 to 4.87), P<0.001), infant (AOR=3.19, 95% CI (2.62 to 3.88), P<0.001) and under-five deaths (AOR=3.07, 95% CI (2.58 to 3.64), P<0.001). Other associated factors included urban dwellers (AOR=1.37, 95% CI (1.01 to 1.87), P=0.045) for neonatal, (AOR=1.35, 95% CI (1.08 to 1.69), P=0.009) for infants and (AOR=1.39, 95% CI (1.13 to 1.71), P=0.002) for under-five death. Unimproved sources of drinking water were significantly associated with neonatal mortality (AOR=1.91, 95% CI (1.11 to 3.31), P=0.02).ConclusionsThis study suggested that the condition and circumstances in which the child is born into, and lives with, play a role in under-five mortality, such as higher mortality among children born to teenage mothers. Ensuring equitable healthcare service delivery to all disadvantaged populations of children in both urban and rural areas is essential but remains a challenge, while violence continues in South Sudan.
What resources are used in emergency departments in rural sub-Saharan Africa? A retrospective analysis of patient care in a district-level hospital in Uganda
Authors: Bitter Cindy Carol , Rice Brian , Periyanayagam Usha , Dreifuss Bradley , Hammerstedt Heather , Nelson Sara W , Bisanzo Mark , Maling Samuel , Chamberlain Stacey 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivesTo determine the most commonly used resources (provider procedural skills, medications, laboratory studies and imaging) needed to care for patients.SettingA single emergency department (ED) of a district-level hospital in rural Uganda.Participants26 710 patient visits.ResultsProcedures were performed for 65.6% of patients, predominantly intravenous cannulation, wound care, bladder catheterisation and orthopaedic procedures. Medications were administered to 87.6% of patients, most often pain medications, antibiotics, intravenous fluids, antimalarials, nutritional supplements and vaccinations. Laboratory testing was used for 85% of patients, predominantly malaria smears, rapid glucose testing, HIV assays, blood counts, urinalyses and blood type. Radiology testing was performed for 17.3% of patients, including X-rays, point-of-care ultrasound and formal ultrasound.ConclusionThis study describes the skills and resources needed to care for a large prospective cohort of patients seen in a district hospital ED in rural sub-Saharan Africa. It demonstrates that the vast majority of patients were treated with a small formulary of critical medications and limited access to laboratories and imaging, but providers require a broad set of decision-making and procedural skills.
First record of Triops strenuus Wolf, 1911 (Branchiopoda, Notostraca), a tadpole shrimp of Australian origin, from Japan
Authors: Naganawa Hidetoshi 
Published: February 2018

Three species of tadpole shrimp, i.e.,Triops granarius(Lucas, 1864),Triops longicaudatus(LeConte, 1846) andTriops cancriformis(Bosc, 1801-1802), have been known from Japan. In this paper the author describes a fourthTriopsspecies (= Triops strenuusWolf, 1911) living in the rice paddies of a southern area of Honshu, the largest of the four main islands of Japan. This species was probably endemic to the Australian continent, and no habitat distribution outside Australia has been reported so far. The impact on the existing ecosystem of Japan is quite unknown, and therefore, it is necessary to announce this intrusion into Japan in order to clarify the invasion route, habitat ecology, and the future measures against this new alien species. This invasion is considered to be caused by the resting eggs brought together with silica sand (imported from Western Australia into Japan for the large-scale beach improvement). The results presented here also describe the phylogenetic relationship with all the Australian species described so far, but also all the knownTriopsspecies of the world, based on the nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial DNA.
The effect of acute ammonia exposure on selected immunological parameters of Daphnia similoides (Cladocera)
Authors: Huang Youhui , Liang Ye , Li Yiming , Cai Mingqi , Jiang Qichen , Li Daming , Wang Xianyun , Zhao Yunlong 
Published: February 2018

Cladocerans have been widely used as bioassay organisms to evaluate the impact of toxic substances. In this study, the activities of selected immunological enzymes and MDA level were investigated to characterizeDaphnia similoides’ immune response to ammonia stress. The activity of ACP and CAT showed no significant change during the test. The activity of AKP was significantly increased in the 0.19 and 0.38 mg/l NH3-N exposure groups after 6 h. After 24 h, a significant depression occurred in the high concentrations. After 24 h, significant decreases in SOD activity were observed at the concentrations of 0.38, 0.57 and 0.76 mg/l NH3-N. After 24 h, a significant change in MDA was also observed in 0.57 and 0.76 mg/l. These results suggest that changes in whole-body immune parameters ofDaphnia similoidesare effective to predict sub-lethal ammonia toxicity and useful as an early warning tool in monitoring studies of natural environments.
Calciphylaxis in a Patient With Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Morand Meggie , Chababi-Atallah Myrna , Jean Sara-Élizabeth , Fernandes Carolina 
Published: February 2018

Background: Calciphylaxis is a well-known entity in end-stage kidney disease and after renal transplant. Cases of nonuremic calciphylaxis (NUC) have also been reported, but data on this rare condition are mainly empirical. Objective: We discuss a case of NUC secondary to spontaneous tumour lysis syndrome in a patient who had chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin lymphoma and present a review of the literature to better characterize malignancy-associated NUC. Methods: We identified 12 published cases of malignancy-associated NUC. Results: This systematic review of malignancy-associated NUC did not show a relationship between the type of malignancy, the distribution of skin lesions, or mortality. However, distal more than proximal involvement seems to be more frequently associated with calcium phosphate imbalance. Conclusion: Clinicians must maintain a high index of suspicion for calciphylaxis when evaluating patients with cutaneous lesions developed in the setting of malignancy.
Factors influencing readthrough therapy for frequent cystic fibrosis premature termination codons
Authors: Pranke Iwona , Bidou Laure , Martin Natacha , Blanchet Sandra , Hatton Aurélie , Karri Sabrina , Cornu David , Costes Bruno , Chevalier Benoit , Tondelier Danielle , Girodon Emmanuelle , Coupet Matthieu , Edelman Aleksander , Fanen Pascale , Namy Olivier , Sermet-Gaudelus Isabelle , Hinzpeter Alexandre 
Published: February 2018

Premature termination codons (PTCs) are generally associated with severe forms of genetic diseases. Readthrough of in-frame PTCs using small molecules is a promising therapeutic approach. Nonetheless, the outcome of preclinical studies has been low and variable. Treatment efficacy depends on: 1) the level of drug-induced readthrough, 2) the amount of target transcripts, and 3) the activity of the recoded protein. The aim of the present study was to identify, in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) model, recoded channels from readthrough therapy that may be enhanced using CFTR modulators.First, drug-induced readthrough of 15 PTCs was measured using a dual reporter system under basal conditions and in response to gentamicin and negamycin. Secondly, exon skipping associated with these PTCs was evaluated with a minigene system. Finally, incorporated amino acids were identified by mass spectrometry and the function of the predicted recoded CFTR channels corresponding to these 15 PTCs was measured. Nonfunctional channels were subjected to CFTR-directed ivacaftor-lumacaftor treatments.The results demonstrated that CFTR modulators increased activity of recoded channels, which could also be confirmed in cells derived from a patient.In conclusion, this work will provide a framework to adapt treatments to the patient's genotype by identifying the most efficient molecule for each PTC and the recoded channels needing co-therapies to rescue channel function.
Connexin 30 controls astroglial polarization during postnatal brain development
Authors: Ghézali Grégory , Calvo Charles-Félix , Pillet Laure-Elise , Llense Flora , Ezan Pascal , Pannasch Ulrike , Bemelmans Alexis-Pierre , Etienne Manneville Sandrine , Rouach Nathalie 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
Astrocytes undergo intense morphological maturation during development, changing from individual sparsely branched cells to polarized and tremendously ramified cells. Connexin 30, an astroglial gap-junction channel-forming protein expressed postnatally, regulates in situ the extension and ramification of astroglial processes. However, the involvement of connexin 30 in astroglial polarization, which is known to control cell morphology, remains unexplored. We found that connexin 30, independently of gap-junction-mediated intercellular biochemical coupling, alters the orientation of astrocyte protrusion, centrosome and Golgi apparatus during polarized migration in an in vitro wound-healing assay. Connexin 30 sets the orientation of astroglial motile protrusions via modulation of the laminin/β1 integrin/Cdc42 polarity pathway. Connexin 30 indeed reduces laminin levels, inhibits the redistribution of the β1-integrin extracellular matrix receptors, and inhibits the recruitment and activation of the small Rho GTPase Cdc42 at the leading edge of migrating astrocytes. In vivo, connexin 30, the expression of which is developmentally regulated, also contributes to the establishment of hippocampal astrocyte polarity during postnatal maturation. This study thus reveals that connexin 30 controls astroglial polarity during development.
Microbiota promote secretory cell determination in the intestinal epithelium by modulating host Notch signaling
Authors: Troll Joshua V. , Hamilton M. Kristina , Abel Melissa L. , Ganz Julia , Bates Jennifer M. , Stephens W. Zac , Melancon Ellie , van der Vaart Michiel , Meijer Annemarie H. , Distel Martin , Eisen Judith S. , Guillemin Karen 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
Resident microbes promote many aspects of host development, although the mechanisms by which microbiota influence host tissues remain unclear. We showed previously that the microbiota is required for allocation of appropriate numbers of secretory cells in the zebrafish intestinal epithelium. Because Notch signaling is crucial for secretory fate determination, we conducted epistasis experiments to establish whether the microbiota modulates host Notch signaling. We also investigated whether innate immune signaling transduces microbiota cues via the Myd88 adaptor protein. We provide the first evidence that microbiota-induced, Myd88-dependent signaling inhibits host Notch signaling in the intestinal epithelium, thereby promoting secretory cell fate determination. These results connect microbiota activity via innate immune signaling to the Notch pathway, which also plays crucial roles in intestinal homeostasis throughout life and when impaired can result in chronic inflammation and cancer.