bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum concentration of appetite‐regulating hormones of mother–infant dyad according to the type of feeding
Authors: Vásquez‐Garibay Edgar M. , Larrosa‐Haro Alfredo , Guzmán‐Mercado Elizabeth , Muñoz‐Esparza Nelly , García‐Arellano Samuel , Muñoz‐Valle Francisco , Romero‐Velarde Enrique 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSatiety and appetite‐stimulating hormones play a role in the regulation of food intake. Breastfed infants may have a different profile of serum appetite‐regulating hormones than formula‐fed infants. We propose to demonstrate that the serum concentration of appetite regulatory hormones differs according to the type of feeding and that there is a correlation between the serum concentrations of these hormones in mothers and in infants at 4 months of age. In a cross‐sectional analysis, 167 mother–newborn dyads at the Hospital Civil de Guadalajara were enrolled: 74 full breastfeeding (FBF), 56 partial breastfeeding (PBF), and 37 receiving human milk substitutes (HMS). Serum levels of ghrelin (pg/ml), leptin (ng/ml), peptide YY (pg/ml), and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) (pM) were measured. We performed one‐way analysis of variance, unpaired Student t test, post hoc Tukey test, and Pearson correlation. The total sample at 16 weeks postpartum included 167 dyads. The mean age was 16 ± 1 weeks. The concentrations of GLP‐1 (pM) and peptide YY (pg/ml) were higher in the FBF group (42.6 and 442.9) than in the HMS group (35.2 and 401.9), respectively, p = 0.046 and p = 0.056. And, the FBF group had higher correlation coefficients of ghrelin (r = 0.411 vs. 0.165), GLP‐1 (r = 0.576 vs. 0.407), and peptide YY (r = 0.218 vs. 0.067), respectively, than the HMS group. The concentrations of GLP‐1 and peptide YY were higher in the FBF group when compared with the HMS group. Mother–infant dyads fed by FBF had more significant direct correlations of appetite‐regulating hormones than those who received HMS.
Microstructure and chemorheological behavior of whipped cream as affected by rice bran protein addition
Authors: Ghorbani‐HasanSaraei Azade , Rafe Ali , Shahidi Seyed‐Ahmad , Atashzar Azin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe effect of rice bran protein (RBP) isolate addition on the rheological and structural properties of commercial whipped cream with 25% and 35% fat was investigated. Results showed that increasing the fat content from 25% to 35% leads to an increase in the elastic modulus. Furthermore, by increasing the amount of RBP from 1% to 3% in both creams, significant increase occurred in the complex modulus. As the fat content increased from 25% to 35%, the slope of flow behavior was increased, which revealed more thinning behavior and pseudoplasticity index of cream. The cream containing 35% fat and 3% RBP had also shown the low index (n = 0.298) which confirmed the firmer structure of the cream. The maximum consistency index (k) obtained was 9.41 for the cream with 35% fat and 3% RBP, which approved its strong foam structure. In general, according to our results it is obvious that whipped cream with the highest amount of fat and the lowest value of protein can lead to maximum stability of the whipping cream. Among the samples, the lowest stiffness was observed in cream of 35% fat, containing 3% rice bran protein. However, cream containing 35% fat and 1% RBP had convenient overrun and good stability. The microstructural results showed that the cream structure has relatively large globular aggregates in network and develops large pores, which permit to retain sufficient water/air. By increasing the fat content of cream from 25% to 35%, the voids and spaces in the cream were significantly decreased and the pores become less which improve the foam structure. Therefore, it can be concluded the cream with more fat has the more overrun and stability. In general, it is possible to improve the foam structure of cream by substituting fat by RBP.
Nutritional and sensory quality of composite extruded complementary food
Authors: Forsido Sirawdink Fikreyesus , Duguma Haile Tesfaye , Lema Tefera Belachew , Sturm Barbara , Hensel Oliver 
Published: January 2019

AbstractComplementary foods in Ethiopia have nutritional and sensory limitations which can be attributed to cereal‐dominated ingredients and lack of appropriate processing techniques. This study aimed to optimize the nutritional and sensory quality of complementary food product through compositing and extrusion of various local ingredients. A constrained D‐optimal mixture experiment with 13 runs was designed. Accordingly, 55–65 g/100 g oats, 11–23 g/100 g soybean and 6–11 g/100 g linseed, and a premix of 9.9 g/100 g sugar, 0.6 g/100 g table salt, three g/100 g moringa and 1.5 g/100 g fenugreek were blended and extruded using a co‐rotating twin screw extruder with set parameters. Statistical model evaluation and optimization were done using Minitab version 16 software package. There is a statistically significant (p < 0.05) association between the blend of oats and soybean, oats and linseed, soybean and linseed, and the protein, fat, carbohydrate, fiber, ash, β‐carotene content as well as aroma, taste, and consistency. On the contrary, there is a no statistically significant (p < 0.05) association between the blends and moisture, energy, and zinc content together with appearance and overall acceptability. The optimal blending ratio was 55.0 g/100 g oats, 21.0 g/100 g soybean, and 9.0 g/100 g linseed plus 15.0 g/100 g premix. Evidence‐based selection of locally grown plant‐based ingredients, an optimal mixture of these ingredients and optimal processing, can result in a complementary food product with an improved dietary quality for children in low‐income settings.
Market quality and the connectedness of steel rebar and other industrial metal futures in China
Authors: Indriawan Ivan , Liu Qingfu , Tse Yiuman 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe examine the market quality of China's steel rebar futures, along with three other important industrial metal futures. Steel rebar futures are the most active metal futures contracts in China. Our analyses show that while steel rebar and copper futures are comparable in terms of informational efficiency, they are more informationally efficient than iron ore and aluminum futures, with low bid–ask spread, volatility persistence, pricing error variance, and probability of informed trading. We find a bidirectional connection between iron ore and steel rebar futures. Furthermore, we show that these metal futures are weakly related to the Chinese stock market.
Unmet health care and health care utilization
Authors: Bataineh Hana , Devlin Rose Anne , Barham Vicky 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study is to examine the causal effect of health care utilization on unmet health care needs. An IV approach deals with the endogeneity between the use of health care services and unmet health care, using the presence of drug insurance and the number of physicians by health region as instruments. We employ three cycles of the Canadian Community Health Survey confidential master files (2003, 2005, and 2014). We find a robustly negative relationship between health care use and unmet health care needs. One more visit to a medical doctor on average decreases the probability of reporting unmet health care needs by 0.014 points. The effect is negative for the women‐only group whereas it is statistically insignificant for men; similarly, the effect is negative for urban dwellers but insignificant for rural ones. Health care use reduces the likelihood of reporting unmet health care. Policies that encourage the use of health care services, like increasing the coverage of public drug insurance and increasing after hours accessibility of physicians, can help reduce the likelihood of unmet health care.
Techniques and outcomes in microsurgical soft palate reconstruction
Authors: Fries Charles Anton , Al Deek Nidal , Wei Fu‐Chan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe soft palate is a multilayered intrinsically mobile structure, with a critical role in maintaining the airway, swallowing, and speech. We describe our technique of microsurgical reconstruction and analyze patient reported outcomes.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed using the University of Washington head and neck disease specific Quality of Life (UWQOL) questionnaire and the Hirose Standard speech analysis tool. Swallowing function and diet were recorded.ResultsTwenty cases were reviewed; nine were available for post hoc analysis. Anterolateral thigh flaps were used in 19 cases, in combination with vastus lateralis muscle in 5 cases.Speech intelligibility was graded “excellent” in 8 of 9 cases and moderate in 1 of 9. All tolerated an oral diet. Mean UWQOL score was 424.4/600 (SD ± 141.9) for physical and 461.7/600 (SD ± 141.9) for emotional‐social domains.ConclusionReconstruction of the soft palate using velopharyngeal narrowing with free anterolateral thigh flap delivers good functional outcomes.
Natural convection boundary layer flow of nanofluids around different stations of the sphere and into the plume above the sphere
Authors: Ashraf Muhammad , Khan Anwar , Gorla Rama Subba Reddy 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe main intent of the present study is to investigate the natural convection boundary layer flow of nanofluids around different stations of the sphere and eruption of the fluid from the boundary layer in to the plume above the sphere. It is pertinent to point out that in this study heated sphere is treated as point source. The system of transport boundary layer equations is based on the effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis. The system of dimensioned boundary layer equations is transformed into nondimensional form. Later, the nondimensional form of the mathematical model is solved numerically by using implicit finite difference method. The solution of the problem depends on a controlling parameters Prandtl number Pr, Lewis number , thermophoresis parameter , and Brownian motion parameter . Particularly, it is observed that for Lewis number , Prandtl number Pr, Brownian motion parameter , and thermophoresis parameter the velocity profile is maximum at station and minimum at station . On the other hand temperature distribution is uniform at each station around the sphere and slightly reduced for . It is also observed that nanoparticles concentration is maximum at station and minimum at station We also established the result that with the increase of skin friction is reduced while the heat and mass flux are increased in the plume region‐III.
Haptic exploration of depicted and real objects by 9‐month‐old infants
Authors: Shuwairi Sarah Margaret 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPrevious research yielded conflicting reports as to whether infants grasped at both depicted and real objects, which led to questions about the nature of their conceptual understanding of objects represented in pictures. This study set out to further clarify whether infants actually grasp at pictured objects compared to real objects and other flat patterned surfaces. Categorical types of actions, number of successive actions, total frequency counts, transitions between hands, and hand height were evaluated. Infants responded with more persistent actions and overall contact toward the pictured object relative to both the real object and flat pattern. They also lifted and peeked underneath the picture as if searching for the depicted object. Infants did not respond equivocally toward all the display types, nor did they grasp at the pictured object or flat patterned surface. Grasping was only observed toward the actual object. They appear to more actively engage in selective, highly coordinated actions toward depicted objects to learn how they may differ from real objects and other flat surfaces. Methodological variations in coding schemes may underlie the divergent interpretation of infants' actions.HighlightsDo infants actually grasp at real objects, pictured objects and flat patterned surfaces alike?They engaged in reliably greater manual exploration of depicted objects, and grasping was only observed toward actual objects.Selective actions toward depicted objects reveals emergent underlying conceptual understanding of pictures relative to 3D objects and other flat surfaces.
The neonicotinoids acetamiprid and imidacloprid impair neurogenesis and alter the microglial profile in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of mouse neonates
Authors: Nakayama Akira , Yoshida Manami , Kagawa Nao , Nagao Tetsuji 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAcetamiprid (ACE) and imidacloprid (IMI) are widely used neonicotinoid pesticides. They bind selectively to insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and are considered non‐hazardous to mammals. Few studies have assessed the activation of vertebrate nAChRs and the neurodevelopmental toxicity following in utero or neonatal exposure to neonicotinoids; therefore, we evaluated the effects of ACE or IMI exposure on neurogenesis and microglial profiles in the developing hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) of mouse neonates. Mice were exposed to ACE, IMI (both 5 mg/kg/day) or nicotine (0.5 mg/kg/day) from postnatal day (P)12 to P26 by oral gavage. On P27, brains were removed, and neurogenesis and microglial activation in the hippocampal DG were examined via immunohistochemistry. A reduction in neurogenesis in the hippocampal DG of neonates following ACE, IMI and nicotine treatment was found. Additionally, neonicotinoid‐exposed newborns showed an increase in the number of amoeboid‐type and activated M1‐type microglia. These results suggest that exposure to ACE and IMI impairs neurogenesis and alters microglial profiles in the developing hippocampal DG following oral dosing in an early postnatal period. A better understanding of the potential effects of these pesticides on human infant health is an important goal of our research.
Calcium Deficiency Rickets in African Adolescents: Cortical Bone Histomorphometry
Authors: Schnitzler Christine M , Pettifor John M 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTRickets due to dietary calcium deficiency has been well described in black African children, but less is known about this condition in black adolescents. We investigated 26 black adolescents (19 males aged 11 to 19 years and 7 females aged 12 to 15 years) with rachitic leg deformities and 20 controls by routine iliac crest undecalcified cortical bone histomorphometry for disturbances of bone turnover and for mineralization defects, including severity of osteocytic osteolysis (Ot.Olysis) and periosteocytic osteolysis (Peri.Ot.Olysis) of the lacunar‐canalicular space. Serum levels of calcium (sCa), 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), and total alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured. Histomorphometry showed varying degrees of severity of secondary hyperparathyroidism (20 HPT) characterized by hyperosteoidosis, increased erosion, and porosis. Because osteoid was neither being mineralized nor eroded (osteoclasts cannot erode osteoid), it increasingly blocked bone surface needed for osteoclastic resorption. Where osteoid covered >50% of bone surface, osteoid thickness, severity of Ot.Olysis, and extent of Peri.Ot.Olysis increased, sCa and 25OHD declined, and 1,25(OH)2D and ALP increased. At 80% osteoid cover, bone remodeling had all but ceased, secondary HPT had changed to osteomalacia, and serum biochemical results had deteriorated further. Disease severity was greater in males than in females, likely because males grow faster and for longer than females. In conclusion, this cross‐sectional clinical case study presents cortical bone histomorphometric data of secondary HPT and its transition to osteomalacia in black adolescents with rickets attributable to dietary calcium deficiency. The bone disease was most severe in older adolescent males. Importantly, bone pathology of calcium deficiency rickets in adolescents was not confined to bone surfaces but also manifested at osteocyte level as Ot.Olysis and Peri.Ot.Olysis. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri Prevents Postantibiotic Bone Loss by Reducing Intestinal Dysbiosis and Preventing Barrier Disruption
Authors: Schepper Jonathan D , Collins Fraser L. , Rios-Arce Naiomy Deliz , Raehtz Sandi , Schaefer Laura , Gardinier Joseph D , Britton Robert A. , Parameswaran Narayanan , McCabe Laura R 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Antibiotic treatment, commonly prescribed for bacterial infections, depletes and subsequently causes long-term alterations in intestinal microbiota composition. Knowing the importance of the microbiome in the regulation of bone density, we investigated the effect of postantibiotic treatment on gut and bone health. Intestinal microbiome repopulation at 4-weeks postantibiotic treatment resulted in an increase in the Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio, increased intestinal permeability, and notably reduced femoral trabecular bone volume (approximately 30%, p &lt; 0.01). Treatment with a mucus supplement (a high-molecular-weight polymer, MDY-1001 [MDY]) prevented the postantibiotic-induced barrier break as well as bone loss, indicating a mechanistic link between increased intestinal permeability and bone loss. A link between the microbiome composition and bone density was demonstrated by supplementing the mice with probiotic bacteria. Specifically, Lactobacillus reuteri, but not Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG or nonpathogenic Escherichia coli, reduced the postantibiotic elevation of the Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio and prevented femoral and vertebral trabecular bone loss. Consistent with causing bone loss, postantibiotic-induced dysbiosis decreased osteoblast and increased osteoclast activities, changes that were prevented by both L. reuteri and MDY. These data underscore the importance of microbial dysbiosis in the regulation of intestinal permeability and bone health, as well as identify L. reuteri and MDY as novel therapies for preventing these adverse effects. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Sirt1 Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation and Increases Alveolar Bone Mass via Bmi1 Activation in Mice
Authors: Wang Hua , Hu Zixuan , Wu Jun , Mei Yukun , Zhang Qian , Zhang Hengwei , Miao Dengshun , Sun Wen 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), a protein deacetylase, is a novel target for bone metabolism. To investigate whether overexpression of Sirt1 in mandibular mesenchymal stem cells (M-MSCs) increased alveolar bone mass in vivo, we generated Sirt1 transgenic mice (Sirt1TG), with Sirt1 gene expression driven by the Prx1 gene, which represents the mesenchymal lineage. Our results demonstrated that overexpression of Sirt1 in M-MSCs increased the alveolar bone volume in 1-month-old, 9-month-old, and 18-month-old Sirt1TG mice compared with age-matched wild-type (WT) mice, and in ovariectomized Sirt1TG mice compared with ovariectomized WT mice by stimulating M-MSC differentiation into osteoblasts. Treatment with resveratrol, a Sirt1 activator, increased Sirt1 binding with Bmi1 and reduced Bmi1 acetylation in a dose-dependent manner demonstrated in M-MSC cultures. Both treatment with resveratrol in M-MSC cultures and overexpressed Sirt1 in M-MSCs ex vivo cultures increased nuclear translocation of Bmi1. Furthermore, we demonstrated that deletion of Bmi1 blocked the increased alveolar bone volume in Sirt1TG mice. The Sirt1 activator resveratrol inhibited human MSC senescence and promoted their differentiation into osteoblasts, which were associated with upregulating the expression levels of Sirt1 and nuclear translocation of Bmi1. The present results suggested that Sirt1 promotes MSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation, inhibits MSC senescence to increase alveolar bone volume by promoting the deacetylation and nuclear translocation of Bmi1. Thus, our study elucidated the mechanism by which Sirt1 increases alveolar bone mass, and these findings are important for the clinical application of the Sirt1 activator resveratrol for the promotion of alveolar bone formation and prevention of alveolar bone loss. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
CD73; a key ectonucleotidase in the development of breast cancer: Recent advances and perspectives
Authors: Soleimani Anvar , Taghizadeh Eskandar , Shahsavari Shirin , Amini Yousef , Rashidpour Hatam , Azadian Esmaeel , Jafari Arash , Parizadeh Mohammad Reza , Mashayekhi Kazem , Soukhtanloo Mohammad , Jaafari Mahmoud Reza 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTumor cell invasion and metastasis are the definitive cause of mortality in breast cancer (BC). Hypoxia and pro‐inflammatory cytokines upregulate the CD73 gene in the tumor microenvironment. Subsequently, CD73 triggers molecular and cellular signaling pathways by both enzymatic and nonenzymatic pathways, which finally leads to breast tumor progression and development. In this paper, we summarize current advances in the understanding of CD73‐driven mechanisms that promote BC development and mortality. Furthermore, we evaluate the therapeutic potential of CD73 targeting in BC.
Iron overload threatens the growth of osteoblast cells via inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/FOXO3a/DUSP14 signaling pathway
Authors: Xia Demeng , Wu Jianghong , Xing Malcolm , Wang Yang , Zhang Hongyue , Xia Yan , Zhou Panyu , Xu Shuogui 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIron overload is a common stress in the development of cells. Growing evidence has indicated that iron overload is associated with osteoporosis. Therefore, enhancing the understanding of iron overload would benefit the development of novel approaches to the treatment of osteoporosis. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the effect of iron overload on osteoblast cells, via the MC3T3‐E1 cell line, and to explore its possible underlying molecular mechanisms. Ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) was utilized to simulate iron overload conditions in vitro. FAC‐induced iron overload strongly suppressed proliferation of osteoblast cells and induced apoptosis. Moreover, iron overload strongly suppressed the expression of dual‐specificity phosphatase 14 (DUSP14). Additionally, overexpression of DUSP14 protected osteoblast cells from the deleterious effects of iron overload, and this protective effect was mediated by FOXO3a. Additionally, matrine rescued the function of DUSP14 in osteoblast cells. Most importantly, our analysis demonstrated the essential role of the PI3K/AKT/FOXO3a/DUSP14 signaling pathway in the defense against iron overload in osteoblast cells. Overall, our results not only elucidate deleterious effects of iron overload, but also unveil its possible signaling pathway in osteoblast cells.