bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capturing Gas Fluxes on Your Phone: An iOS‐ and Android‐based Data‐Logging Setup for EGM‐4 Environmental Gas Monitoring Systems
Authors: Sterk Henk Pieter , Detrey Iain , Marshall Chris , Cowie Neil R. , Payne Richard , McIlvenny Jason , Andersen Roxane 
Published: August 2019

Mobile devices have become increasingly important for field monitoring to improve data capture efficiency, increase storage capacity, and replace heavy equipment. We introduce a quick and straightforward protocol to capture greenhouse gas (GHG) emission rates on mobile devices. We developed our setup on the widely used infrared gas analyzer (IRGA) EGM‐4 by PP Systems. This IRGA has a limited internal storage capacity and requires an external device such as a laptop to conduct even modest field sampling. Furthermore, when raw data storage is required, carbon dioxide concentration resolution is reduced by the internal EGM‐4 software settings, making the equipment less suitable for high‐frequency measurements. Our protocol lets the user bring either an iOS or Android mobile device in to the field to connect to the EGM‐4's data stream. For both platforms, a mobile console application was used to read, log, and share flux data. The raw data can be processed in either Python, R, or Matlab using the provided scripts that give the user flexibility to amend further postprocessing steps to obtain GHG fluxes. We demonstrate the flexible applicability of mobile devices for field recording and show that a cost‐effective solution can enhance the operational life of superseded field equipment while also increasing the quality of the captured data.Core Ideas
Easy‐to‐use protocol captures carbon flux data on a mobile device.
Increases data storage, resolution, and setup flexibility compared with common practices.
Mobile devices can replace heavy equipment and increase useful time in the field.
A Road Map for Conservation, Use, and Public Engagement around North America's Crop Wild Relatives and Wild Utilized Plants
Authors: Khoury Colin K. , Greene Stephanie L. , Krishnan Sarada , Miller Allison J. , Moreau Tara 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTCrop wild relatives—the plant species closely related to agricultural crops—are valuable genetic resources used by plant breeders to increase pest and disease resistance, stress tolerance, nutritional profile, and other traits critical to productivity, quality, and sustainability. Wild utilized plants provide food and a variety of other ecosystem and cultural services to people. North America harbors a rich native flora that includes wild relatives of important food, fiber, industrial, feed and forage, medicinal, and ornamental crops, as well as a diversity of regionally significant wild utilized plants. Many of these species are threatened in their natural habitats, and most are underrepresented in plant genebanks and botanical gardens. These conservation gaps limit the portfolio of useful plant diversity available to present and future generations. Likewise, the myriad potential uses of North American crop wild relatives and wild utilized plants are underexplored, and public awareness of their value and threats is limited. Greater coordination of efforts among plant conservation, land management, agricultural science, and botanical education and outreach organizations will be necessary to secure, enhance use, and raise awareness with regard to these species. A road map for collaborative action is presented here, focused on five priorities: (i) to understand and document North America's crop wild relatives and wild utilized plants, (ii) to protect threatened species in their natural habitats, (iii) to collect and conserve ex situ the diversity of prioritized species, (iv) to make this diversity accessible and attractive for plant breeding, research, and education, and (v) to raise public awareness of their value and the threats to their persistence.
Soil‐Gas Diffusivity and Soil‐Moisture effects on N2O Emissions from Intact Pasture Soils
Authors: Chamindu Deepagoda T.K.K. , Jayarathne J.R.R.N. , Clough Timothy J. , Thomas Steve , Elberling Bo 
Published: August 2019

Grazed pastures are recognized as a dominant source of nitrous oxide (N2O), a highly potent greenhouse gas. Studies have examined soil physical controls on N2O emissions, including soil moisture status. Limited attempts to link N2O emissions with soil‐diffusivity (Dp/Do), using repacked soil cores, have shown peak N2O emissions to align with a relatively narrow window ofDp/Do, despite a relatively wide range in water‐filled pore space (WFPS), across a range of soil bulk densities. Such detailed studies have not been performed withintactsoil cores. We investigated the effects of soil‐water characteristic (SWC) andDp/Doon N2O emissions from intact soil samples, retrieved at three depths (0–5, 5–10, 10–15 cm) from three perennial pasture sites that received a KNO3solution (1800 mg, N mL−1). We observed distinct fingerprints of SWC andDp/Do, which showed clear effects of soil structure on diffusion‐controlled gas emissions. Depth‐wise variation in soil moisture diminished as the soil was subjected to higher matric potential (> ∼ ‐100 kPa). Variation inDp/Do, was more pronounced in the dry soil (> ∼ ‐1000 kPa), being largely constrained by soil moisture in wet soil (∼ ‐100 kPa) with little depth‐wise variation. Measured N2O fluxes peaked within narrow ranges of WFPS andDp/Do, 0.90–0.95 and 0.005–0.01, respectively. The value ofDp/Docan be determined using parametric models and presents a pasture management (e.g., irrigation, soil physical disturbance such as pasture renovation and animal treading)) tool to minimize N2O emissions: soilDp/Doshould be maintained above a range of 0.005–0.01 to minimize N2O emissions.Core IdeasPeak N2O fluxes fromintactsoil cores occurred when diffusivity ranged from 0.005–0.01This peak N2O flux diffusivity range was 0.005–0.01 regardless of soil or depth (0–15 cm)The diffusivity range for peak N2O flux equalled that observed inrepackedsoil coresDiffusivity values are readily determined and add to the suite of soil management tools
Quantitative Guidelines for Establishing and Operating Soil Archives
Authors: Ayres Edward 
Published: August 2019

Soil archives are widely recognized as important, but there is limited information available on the basic elements of archive design, such as how much material to archive, which sites and horizons to prioritize, and the most effective way to promote an archive. Here I address these gaps based on 6 yr of operating the National Ecological Observatory Network's (NEON) Megapit Soil Archive, which has provided over 1500 samples to researchers. Active outreach by NEON staff was the most effective way of raising awareness of the archive among the user community. On average, 14.6 ± 4.3 g soil was sent to requesters per sample per year, with soils from A horizons and intensively studied sites consumed fastest. Based on these consumption rates and depending on soil horizon and site type, archiving between 22.3 and 39.9 g soil for each year of a sample's desired lifespan would be sufficient to ensure that it is not exhausted earlier than expected with ≥89% confidence. Similarly, 500 g of archived soil would be sufficient for the vast majority of samples to last at least 12 to 22 yr, depending on horizon and site type. A simple equation is proposed, and parameterized using NEON data, to determine the quantity of soil necessary to archive if the desired sample lifespan is known. Setting a desired lifespan can inform archive management decisions, such as the number of requests to approve and whether to increase or decrease the allocation of resources to raising awareness of the archive.Core IdeasSoil archive samples were consumed at 15 ± 4 g yr−1(mean ± SD).Soils from A horizons and intensively studied sites were consumed fastest.Depending on site and horizon, 500 g archived soil would last at least 12 to 22 yr.Informal interactions were the most effective way to raise archive awareness.
Fault diagnosis method for rolling bearings based on the interval support vector domain description
Authors: Chen Yongqi , Dai Qinge , Chen Yang 
Published: August 2019

Aiming at the fault classification problem of the rolling bearing under the uncertain structure parameters work condition, this paper proposes a fault diagnosis method based on the interval support vector domain description (ISVDD). Firstly, intrinsic time scale decomposition is performed for vibration signals of the rolling bearing to get the time-frequency spectrum samples. These samples are divided into a training set and a test set. Then, the training set is used to train the ISVDD. Meanwhile, the dynamic decreasing inertia weight particle swarm optimization is applied to improve the training accuracy of ISVDD model. Finally, the performance of the four interval classifiers is calculated in rolling bearing fault test set. The experimental results show the advantages of the ISVDD model: (1) ISVDD can extend the support vector domain description to solve the uncertain interval rolling bearing fault classification problem effectively; (2) The proposed ISVDD has the highest classification accuracy in four interval classification methods for the different rolling bearing fault types.
Spirocerca lupi en perros de Yucatán, México: Reporte de caso y estudio retrospectivo
Authors: Riodríguez-Vivas Roger Ivan , Cordero Leonardo Guillermo , Trinidad-Martínez Iris , Ojeda-Chi Melina M 
Published: August 2019

Objetivo. Se describe el caso de un perro parasitado con Spirocera lupi en Yucatán, México, y además, se reportan los casos registrados en dos laboratorios durante 18 años de estudios parasitológicos y de necropsias (2000-2017). Materiales y métodos.Para el primer caso, se incluyen hallazgos de necropsia, histológicos y parasitológicos. Para los estudios retrospectivos se realizaron necropsias y estudios coprológicos de Flotación Centrifugada y de McMaster. Resultados. En el paciente del estudio de caso, durante la necropsia se observaron tres nódulos esofágicos que al realizar la incisión de los mismos, se visualizaron nematodos que correspondieron a S. lupi. En el estudio histológico se observó un granuloma eosinofílico que en su interior contenía el nematodo rodeado por un infiltrado inflamatorio moderado que estaba constituido por neutrófilos, eosinófilos, linfocitos, células plasmáticas y macrófagos; delimitado por una cápsula de tejido conectivo fibroso. En el estudio retrospectivo se encontraron prevalencias de 0.18 y 0.48% mediante pruebas coprológicas y estudios de necropsias, respectivamente. Conclusiones. Spirocerca lupi se encuentra presente en perros de Yucatán, México. Por lo tanto, sería importante considerar esta patología para el diagnóstico diferencial de problemas esofágicos y respiratorios en caninos.
A Machine Learning Method for Identifying Lung Cancer Based on Routine Blood Indices: Qualitative Feasibility Study
Authors: Wu Jiangpeng , Zan Xiangyi , Gao Liping , Zhao Jianhong , Fan Jing , Shi Hengxue , Wan Yixin , Yu E , Li Shuyan , Xie Xiaodong 
Published: August 2019

Background
Liquid biopsies based on blood samples have been widely accepted as a diagnostic and monitoring tool for cancers, but extremely high sensitivity is frequently needed due to the very low levels of the specially selected DNA, RNA, or protein biomarkers that are released into blood. However, routine blood indices tests are frequently ordered by physicians, as they are easy to perform and are cost effective. In addition, machine learning is broadly accepted for its ability to decipher complicated connections between multiple sets of test data and diseases.

Objective
The aim of this study is to discover the potential association between lung cancer and routine blood indices and thereby help clinicians and patients to identify lung cancer based on these routine tests.

Methods
The machine learning method known as Random Forest was adopted to build an identification model between routine blood indices and lung cancer that would determine if they were potentially linked. Ten-fold cross-validation and further tests were utilized to evaluate the reliability of the identification model.

Results
In total, 277 patients with 49 types of routine blood indices were included in this study, including 183 patients with lung cancer and 94 patients without lung cancer. Throughout the course of the study, there was correlation found between the combination of 19 types of routine blood indices and lung cancer. Lung cancer patients could be identified from other patients, especially those with tuberculosis (which usually has similar clinical symptoms to lung cancer), with a sensitivity, specificity and total accuracy of 96.3%, 94.97% and 95.7% for the cross-validation results, respectively. This identification method is called the routine blood indices model for lung cancer, and it promises to be of help as a tool for both clinicians and patients for the identification of lung cancer based on routine blood indices.

Conclusions
Lung cancer can be identified based on the combination of 19 types of routine blood indices, which implies that artificial intelligence can find the connections between a disease and the fundamental indices of blood, which could reduce the necessity of costly, elaborate blood test techniques for this purpose. It may also be possible that the combination of multiple indices obtained from routine blood tests may be connected to other diseases as well.
Factors That Contribute to the Use of Stroke Self-Rehabilitation Technologies: A Review
Authors: Vourganas Ioannis , Stankovic Vladimir , Stankovic Lina , Kerr Andrew 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundStroke is increasingly one of the main causes of impairment and disability. Contextual and empirical evidence demonstrate that, mainly due to service delivery constraints, but also due to a move toward personalized health care in the comfort of patients’ homes, more stroke survivors undergo rehabilitation at home with minimal or no supervision. Due to this trend toward telerehabilitation, systems for stroke patient self-rehabilitation have become increasingly popular, with many solutions recently proposed based on technological advances in sensing, machine learning, and visualization. However, by targeting generic patient profiles, these systems often do not provide adequate rehabilitation service, as they are not tailored to specific patients’ needs.ObjectiveOur objective was to review state-of-the-art home rehabilitation systems and discuss their effectiveness from a patient-centric perspective. We aimed to analyze engagement enhancement of self-rehabilitation systems, as well as motivation, to identify the challenges in technology uptake.MethodsWe performed a systematic literature search with 307,550 results. Then, through a narrative review, we selected 96 sources of existing home rehabilitation systems and we conducted a critical analysis. Based on the critical analysis, we formulated new criteria to be used when designing future solutions, addressing the need for increased patient involvement and individualism. We categorized the criteria based on (1) motivation, (2) acceptance, and (3) technological aspects affecting the incorporation of the technology in practice. We categorized all reviewed systems based on whether they successfully met each of the proposed criteria.ResultsThe criteria we identified were nonintrusive, nonwearable, motivation and engagement enhancing, individualized, supporting daily activities, cost-effective, simple, and transferable. We also examined the motivation method, suitability for elderly patients, and intended use as supplementary criteria. Through the detailed literature review and comparative analysis, we found no system reported in the literature that addressed all the set criteria. Most systems successfully addressed a subset of the criteria, but none successfully addressed all set goals of the ideal self-rehabilitation system for home use.ConclusionsWe identified a gap in the state-of-the-art in telerehabilitation and propose a set of criteria for a novel patient-centric system to enhance patient engagement and motivation and deliver better self-rehabilitation commitment.
Methods for Assessing Longitudinal Biomarkers of Time-to-Event Outcomes in CKD
Authors: Liu Qian , Smith Abigail R. , Mariani Laura H. , Nair Viji , Zee Jarcy 
Published: August 2019

Background and objectivesIdentifying novel biomarkers is critical to advancing diagnosis and treatment of CKD, but relies heavily on the statistical methods used. Inappropriate methods can lead to both false positive and false negative associations between biomarkers and outcomes. This study assessed accuracy of methods using computer simulations and compared biomarker association estimates in the NEPhrotic syndrome sTUdy NEtwork (NEPTUNE), a prospective cohort study of patients with glomerular disease.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsWe compared three methods for analyzing repeatedly measured biomarkers in proportional hazards models: (1) time-invariant average, that averages values over all follow-up and uses the average as a baseline covariate, (2) time-varying last observation carried forward (LOCF), that assumes the covariate is unchanged until the next observed value, and (3) time-varying cumulative average, that updates the average using values at or before each measurement.ResultsUnder both true mechanisms of LOCF and cumulative average, simulation results showed the time-invariant average method often gave extremely inaccurate results. When LOCF was the true association mechanism, the cumulative average method often gave overestimated association estimates that were further away from the null. When cumulative average was the true mechanism, LOCF always underestimated the associations,i.e., closer to the null. In NEPTUNE, compared with the LOCF or cumulative average methods, hazard ratios estimated from the time-invariant average method were always higher.ConclusionsDifferent analytic methods resulted in markedly different results. Using the time-invariant average produces inaccurate association estimates, whereas other methods can estimate additive (cumulative average) or instantaneous (LOCF) associations depending on the hypothesized underlying association mechanism and research question.
A Esquizoanálise como prática na clínica contemporânea Uma proposta para compreensão das patologias psicoafetivas
Authors: De Pádua Cavalcanti Bastos Marcus Alexandre , Tenório Cavalcanti Eliane Cristina 
Published: August 2019

<p>O presente estudo tem como objetivo propor novas possibilidades de intervenção na pratica da Clínica Contemporânea no que diz respeito às patologias psicoafetivas. Para isso, nos apoiaremos na corrente teórica da Esquizoanálise. Essa vertente psicanalítica surgiu nos anos 70 por meio da associação do filósofo Gilles Deleuze e do psicanalista Félix Guattari. A esquizoanálise é um conhecimento amplo que vem influenciando muito as correntes de análise institucional e clínica contemporânea no Brasil. Essa perspectiva permite questionar tanto a psicanálise freudiana - circunscrita ao modelo edipiano - como a lacaniana de matriz estruturalista. O uso transcendente proposto tanto por Freud como por Lacan seriam as bases de organização e estruturação do desejo. Dessa forma, todos os conflitos psicoafetivos deveriam ser enquadrados nesses modelos dados aprioristicamente para que obtivessem solução. A proposta esquizoanalítica se difere em termos absolutos aos modelos propostos por Freud e Lacan considerando-os como sistemas reducionistas e homogeneizantes do desejo. A proposta da Clínica esquizoanalitica questiona tanto a perspectiva estruturalista lacaniana como o modelo freudiano calcado na representação do teatro familiar, principalmente pelo fato de ambos os modelos buscarem através de princípios universais a solução de todos os problemas afetivos, não considerando a multiplicidade de objetos singulares, heterogêneos uns aos outros, que se articulam em constelações funcionais não redutíveis a complexos universais.</p><p> </p><p> </p>
Estudos culturais, ensino e diversidades - surdos universitários: reflexão na universidade
Authors: Junior Geraldo Venceslau de Lima , Venceslau Karine Martins Cunha , Silva Natalia Diniz 
Published: August 2019

<p>A importância deste artigo é debater as condições oferecidas aos alunos surdos que frequentam o ensino superior, bem como cooperar experiências acadêmicas, para que tenha maior qualidade na realidade atual, visto que as modificações propostas pela política oficial para a educação de surdos em todos os níveis não estão ainda efetivamente inseridas nem as instituições educacionais preparadas para responder às necessidades desses alunos. O objetivo da pesquisa é argumentar e debater sobre a inclusão e a realidade dos níveis e modalidades da educação escolar. Acolher alunos surdos na universidade é um serviço emergencial e prioritário, porém, é um fato real, onde esses sujeitos ainda encaram obstáculos educacionais. Nesse assunto, apresenta-se a pesquisa, cujo tema refere-se à “<strong>Surdos</strong><strong>Universitários: reflexão na Universidade”. </strong>O número de alunos surdos que cursam o Ensino Superior está expandindo-se cada vez mais, no Brasil. Segundo dados do Ministério da Educação, em 2003, somente surdos cursavam a universidade. Em 2005, aumentou-se para 2.428, entre instituições públicas e privadas (Brasil, 2006). O grande comparecimento de alunos surdos em contextos universitários é contemporâneo, e passa de distintas causas, que podem ser supramencionadas, como o reconhecimento, quando em 1990, do status de língua oral para a língua de sinais; criação de propostas de educação bilíngue de qualidade para surdos; e o trajeto histórico onde as políticas públicas de inclusão focam ao acesso e a participação ativa de pessoas com deficiência em diversas situações sociais. De acordo com o ministro, os dados do censo revelam que a educação superior no Brasil está mais acessível. Dos 5.954.021 estudantes matriculados em 28.671 cursos de graduação presencial e a distância, 2.065.082 são ingressantes e 839.397 estão em instituições federais de ensino superior. Na graduação presencial das instituições públicas, 36.294 ingressos ocorreram por meio de reserva de vagas, principalmente para alunos oriundos de escolas públicas. Além disso, em 2009 foram contadas 20.019 matrículas de estudantes com algum tipo de deficiência (30% com baixa visão, 22% com deficiência auditiva e 21%, física). (Inep.gov.br; acessado em 23/04/2015)</p>
Família e escola: alguns entendimentos sobre participação
Authors: Braga Lucineide Bezerra 
Published: August 2019

<p>Apresenta-se nesse texto um recorte do trabalho de pesquisa em desenvolvimento no curso de Pedagogia do Centro de Formação de Professores da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande – CFP/UFCG. O estudo tem como objetivo compreender os entendimentos sobre a relação entre a família e a escola da Educação Infantil. Na pesquisa questiona-se qual o entendimento de envolvimento parental no contexto escolar? Dessa, outras questões nos apresenta por se tratar de estudo qualitativo, aberto as novas possibilidades de estudo/análises. Partimos do pressuposto de que é imperioso para o sucesso da formação integral e para a otimização dos índices de qualidade da educação brasileira compreender os entendimentos e os reais impactos da participação da família junto à escola na perspectiva crítico-emancipatória. Trata-se de uma discussão teórico-crítica das primeiras reflexões para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa. A estratégia de estudo para coleta e análise de dados foi via Tabela de Análise de Textos Acadêmicos e Científicos das Dimensões propostas por Novikoff – TABDN, auxiliando na compreensão e discussões do tema em questão. Esperamos contribuir com discussões sobre o tema.</p>