bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating canonical correlation analysis with machine learning for power quality disturbance classification
Authors: Singh Gurpreet , Pal Yash , Kumar Dahiya Anil 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Recently, the rapid growth of Renewable Energy Resources (RER) in power generation has resulted in the frequent occurrence of Power Quality Disturbances (PQDs) within the power system. The timely and accurate detection of these PQDs is critical for maintaining good power quality while integrating RER into hybrid power systems to make them more robust and stable. In this paper, a multi-view dimensionality reduction approach based on Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) is proposed to differentiate different types of PQDs. Here, a dataset of 29 types of PQDs which include nine single types and twenty multiple types of PQDs have been generated using their mathematical model in MATLAB for experimentation. CCA being multi-view dimensionality reduction technique maximizes the correlation between two different views of the data. Here two cases of datasets have been considered for further exploration, Case 1: PQDs without noise and with 20 dB noise, Case 2: PQDs with 20 dB and 30 dB noise. Furthermore, to test the efficacy of CCA in both cases, the extracted features have been tested using four different classifiers i.e. K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Naive Bayes (NB), and Random Forest (RF). The performance of each of the classifiers has been tested on five different performance metrics such as precision, recall, F1 score, hamming loss and accuracy and the results shows that the proposed technique of multi-view dimensionality reduction is capable of classifying the PQDs with two different views at a time.
AGCNAF: predicting disease-gene associations using GCN and multi-head attention to fuse the similarity features
Authors: Ma Jinlong , Qin Tian , Zhai Meijing , Cai Liangliang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Association prediction between diseases and genes is a critical step in revealing the molecular mechanisms of diseases and developing drug treatment strategies. With the explosive growth of data in the biomedical field, how to effectively utilize these data for accurate prediction has become a hotspot and challenge in current research. To overcome the limitations of current prediction methods in dealing with complex biological network structures and feature extraction, this study proposes AGCNAF, a method that combines an unsupervised Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) and a multi-head attention mechanism. The metagraph-guided random walk strategy enables AGCNAF to capture local and high-order topological structures in the graph, while GCN is responsible for realizing deep feature extraction of these structures. By incorporating similarity features through the multi-attention mechanism, AGCNAF achieves effective integration of global and local features, which significantly improves the prediction performance. By utilizing the machine learning binary classification model for prediction, the experimental results through five-fold cross-validation show that AGCNAF demonstrates significant advantages in prediction performance compared to existing methods, with its AUC and AUPR reaching 0.9686 and 0.9709, respectively, and the AUC up to 0.9812 under specific conditions. To verify the practical application value of AGCNAF, this study also conduct case studies on Alzheimer’s disease, lung cancer, and breast cancer. The results further confirm the excellent performance of AGCNAF in identifying potential disease-gene associations, which opens up new possibilities for future disease-gene research.
Comparative linkage mapping to investigate synteny and recombination in social Vespidae
Authors: Zarate Daniela , Canova Alyssa , Wilson Rankin Erin E , Loope Kevin , Purcell Jessica 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Genetic linkage maps are valuable resources for investigating chromosomal structure, quantifying karyotype, estimating recombination rates, and improving preexisting genome assemblies. Comparative linkage mapping, in turn, broadens our understanding of the phylogenetic history of these genomic features. Through an assessment of synteny (the conservation of gene order on homologous chromosomes in different species) and variation in recombination rate, we can begin to understand how genomic features change during the evolution of distinct species. Here, we construct high-density genetic linkage maps for 3 Vespidae wasp species from the Vespula genus: Vespula consobrina, Vespula pensylvanica, and Vespula vidua to investigate shared genomic architecture between these 3 yellowjacket wasp species. We show that these species exhibit high levels of collinearity, often in chromosome-length blocks of synteny, with some evidence for small interchromosomal rearrangements. We also identify 2 “inversions” in all 3 species that are likely artifacts from the genome assembly process. In addition, we map genome-wide recombination rates and reveal the recombination landscape to be highly variable on intrachromosomal, interchromosomal, and interspecific scales. Genome-wide recombination rates are high for all three Vespula species, (V. pensylvanica: 22.7 cM/Mb, V. consobrina: 24.3 cM/Mb, and V. vidua: 24.7 cM/Mb), which is consistent with findings of high recombination rates for other eusocial species. Our high-quality linkage maps will be resources for ongoing evolutionary genetics studies interested in the genome evolution of social wasps.
Effects of exercise referral schemes enhanced with behavioural self-management strategies on functional capacity and self-reported disability in community-dwelling older adults. Secondary results from the SITLESS multi-country, three-armed randomized controlled trial
Authors: Olsen Pia Ø , Tully Mark A , del Pozo Cruz Borja , Giné-Garriga Maria , Coll-Planas Laura , Roqué Marta , Rothenbacher Dietrich , Dallmeier Dhayana , Sansano-Nadal Oriol , Blackburn Nicole E , Wilson Jason J , Skjødt Mathias , Caserotti Paolo ,   SITLESS Group, Coll-Planas Laura , Giné-Garriga Maria , Domingo Àlex , Roqué Marta , Salvà Antoni , Guerra Míriam , Martín-Borràs Carme , Jerez-Roig Javier , Sansano-Nadal Oriol , Santiago Marta , Ferry Kelly , Caserotti Paolo , Skjødt Mathias , Tully Mark A , Kee Frank , Wilson Jason J , Blackburn Nicole E , McMullan Ilona , Denkinger Michael , Rothenbacher Dietrich , Wirth Katharina , Dallmeier Dhayana , McIntosh Emma , Deidda Manuela , Lefebvre Guillaume , González Denise 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Exercise referral schemes (ERS) are an effective strategy for increasing physical activity (PA) in older adults. Behavioural self-management strategies (SMS) may augment the maintenance of PA and associated benefits in this population, resulting in preservation of the functional capacity and prevention of disability over the long-term.

Aim
The primary aim was to investigate the long-term (22-months) effects of ERS enhanced with SMS on functional capacity assessed by the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) compared to ERS (primary comparison) and a control condition (CTRL).
Secondarily, between-group effects after 4 and 16 months on the SPPB and self-reported disability outcomes were investigated.

Methods
1360 physically inactive community-dwelling older adults ≥65 years from four European countries were randomized into (i) 16 weeks ERS enhanced with SMS (ERS-SMS), (ii) ERS alone and (iii) CTRL. In addition to SPPB, self-reported function and disability were assessed by the short-form late life function and disability index and with a six-item activity of daily living questionnaire.

Results
No long-term effects were found for the SPPB-score in ERS-SMS vs ERS (0.21 point, 95% CI [−0.04, 0.46]). Significant group × time effects were observed for the SPPB-score after 4 months in favour of ERS-SMS over CTRL (0.51 point, 95% CI [0.29, 0.73]) and ERS (0.46 point, 95% CI [0.24, 0.68]).

Conclusion
The study did demonstrate differences, in favour of ERS + SMS, but on SPPB these were small, and not sustained over time. The additional effect of SMS was inconsistent and uncertain.
Real-world mobility recovery after hip fracture: secondary analyses of digital mobility outcomes from four randomized controlled trials
Authors: Engdal Monika , Taraldsen Kristin , Jansen Carl-Philipp , Peter Raphael Simon , Vereijken Beatrix , Becker Clemens , Helbostad Jorunn Laegdheim , Klenk Jochen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
The main focus of rehabilitation following hip fracture is to regain mobility.

Objectives
To estimate the progression of real-world mobility the first year after hip fracture using digital mobility outcomes.

Design
An exploratory, prospective cohort study with pooled data from four previously conducted clinical trials.

Setting and Subjects
We combined data from the Trondheim Hip Fracture Trial and Eva-Hip Trial in Trondheim, Norway, and the PROFinD 1 and PROFinD 2 trials in Stuttgart and Heidelberg, Germany, resulting in a sample of 717 hip fracture patients aged ≥65 years.

Methods
Each of the trials assessed mobility using body-fixed sensors (activPAL) at three time points, collectively providing observations across the entire first year post-surgery. The following 24-h DMOs were calculated: total walking duration (minutes), maximum number of steps within a walking bout, and number of sit-to-stand-to-walk transfers. Continuous 1-year progression of the median, the 25th percentile, and the 75th percentile were estimated using quantile regression models with splines.

Results
The dataset contained 5909 observation days. The median daily total walking duration increased until 36 weeks post-surgery reaching 40 min; daily maximum number of steps within a walking bout increased during the first eight weeks and then stabilized at less than 100 steps; daily sit-to-stand-to-walk transfers reached a plateau after 6 weeks with less than 40 transfers.

Conclusions
The three DMOs progressed differently and attained plateau levels at varying times during the first year after hip fracture, indicating that these Digital Mobility Outcomes provide complementary information about different aspects of mobility recovery.
Assessing 1-year sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor tolerance in older adults
Authors: Schafer Stephanie M , Zeithamel Marcia C , Waterbury Nancee V , Lund Brian C 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Evidence concerning tolerability of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in older adults is limited due to under-representation in clinical trials. Our study aimed to determine the extent to which SGLT2 inhibitor intolerance increases with age and explore additional factors associated with intolerance.

Methods
This retrospective observational study included patients in the Veterans Health Administration who initiated an SGLT2 inhibitor between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2021. One-year discontinuation served as a proxy for intolerance. Relative risk (RR) for 1-year discontinuation was contrasted across age groups using log-binomial regression to adjust for confounding.

Results
Of 232 495 patients who initiated an SGLT2 inhibitor, 60 582 (26.1%) discontinued within one year. A difference was observed across age groups, &lt;65, 65–74, 75–84 and ≥85 years, where 25.8%, 25.3%, 28.5% and 34.9% of patients discontinued, respectively (P &lt; .001). After adjustment for confounding factors, patients 75–84 and ≥85 years were at 8% (RR = 1.08; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.10) and 21% increased risk (RR = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.15, 1.26) for discontinuation, respectively, relative to patients &lt;65 years. Additional risk factors were identified: female (RR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.37, 1.45), estimated glomerular filtration rate stage 4 (RR = 1.49; 95% CI: 1.39, 1.60), underweight (RR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.29), urinary tract infection history (RR = 1.25; 95% CI: 1.21, 1.30) and yeast infection history (RR = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.27, 1.51).

Conclusion
No clinically meaningful differences in SGLT2 inhibitor intolerance were observed in patients up to 84 years. Our findings support having closer follow-up when initiating in patients 85 years and older.
Macro- and micro-geographical genetic variation in early-fitness traits in populations of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster)
Authors: Solé-Medina Aida , Hurel Agathe , Avanzi Camilla , González-Martinez Santiago C , Vendramin Giovanni G , Bagnoli Francesca , Piotti Andrea , Marchi Maurizio , Spanu Ilaria , Robledo-Arnuncio Juan José , Ramírez-Valiente José Alberto 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Assessing adaptive genetic variation and its spatial distribution is crucial to conserve forest genetic resources and manage species’ adaptive potential. Macro-environmental gradients commonly exert divergent selective pressures that enhance adaptive genetic divergence among populations. Steep micro-environmental variation might also result in adaptive divergence at finer spatial scales, even under high gene flow, but it is unclear how often this is the case. Here, we assess genetic variation in early-fitness traits among distant and nearby maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) populations, to investigate climatic factors associated with trait divergence, and to examine trait integration during seedling establishment.

Methods
Open pollinated seeds were collected from seven population pairs across the European species distribution, with paired populations spatially close (between &lt;1 and 21 km) but environmentally divergent. Seeds were sown in semi-natural conditions at three environmentally contrasting sites, where we monitored seedling emergence, growth and survival.

Key Results
At large spatial scales, we found significant genetic divergence among populations in all studied traits, with certain traits exhibiting an association with temperature and precipitation gradients. Significant trait divergence was also detected between pairs of nearby populations. In addition, we found consistent trait correlations across experimental sites; notably, heavier seeds and earlier seedling emergence were both associated with higher seedling survival and fitness over two years in all experimental conditions.

Conclusions
We identified mean annual temperature and precipitation seasonality as potential drivers of P. pinaster population divergence in the studied early-life traits. Populations genetically diverge also at local spatial scales, potentially suggesting that divergent natural selection can override gene flow along local-scale ecological gradients. These results suggest the species exhibits substantial adaptive potential that has allowed it to survive and evolve under contrasting environmental conditions.
Japanese Performance Profile on the WAIS-IV and Purported Cultural Influences
Authors: Fujii Daryl E , Kaseda Erin T , Sakamoto-Pomeroy Maiko 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
The present exploratory study aimed to examine the potential impact of culture on cognitive skills and intelligence by comparing the Japanese Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV (WAIS-IV) (JW) subtests, IQs, and index scores to those of the U.S. WAIS-IV (USW).

Method
JW raw scores corresponding to a scaled score of 10 for each subtest were scored with USW norms. Subtest, index, and IQ scores were then calculated for each age range. The impact of education on scores was evaluated through ratio of educational attainment for each cohort of the Japanese and US samples. Japanese and US data were compared using one-sample t-tests. Correlations between subtest, index, and IQ scores and education were calculated.

Results
The USW sample performed higher than the JW sample on verbal comprehension subtests, while the JW sample demonstrated stronger performances in processing speed and perceptual reasoning subtests. However, all scores with the exception of Block Design, Matrix Reasoning, and Figure Weights were significantly associated with differential educational attainment between the two countries. Educational differences were linearly associated with age with the higher educational attainment for younger Japanese age groups and higher attainment for the older US cohorts.

Conclusions
The present study demonstrates cognitive differences between Japan and the USA. Performance on the WAIS-IV subtest and composite measures are highly correlated with education. Cultural factors impacting the cognitive profile of the Japanese sample such as differences in worldview, customs, educational systems, and writing system, were proposed. Clinical neuropsychologists should take these aspects into account when administering and interpreting test results.
Neurocognitive Intraindividual Variability in Veterans with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury History and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Rau Holly K , Sheppard David P , Karr Justin E , Hendrickson Rebecca C , Schindler Abigail , Peskind Elaine R , Pagulayan Kathleen F 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
Veterans with a history of blast-related mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may be at risk for greater cognitive concerns and worse functional outcomes compared to those with either condition in isolation. However, traditional neuropsychological assessment approaches have yielded equivocal results in these populations. The present study examined an alternative method for detecting subtle cognitive inefficiencies: neurocognitive intraindividual variability (IIV), a measure of within-person performance consistency.

Method
Participants were 79 male Veterans with a history of blast-related mTBI and current PTSD (mTBI/PTSD group; n = 54) or neither diagnosis (controls; n = 25). Mean T-scores and IIV scores were calculated from neuropsychological measures of attention and speed of information processing (A/SoP) as well as executive functioning (EF).

Results
Global IIV was significantly higher in the mTBI/PTSD group compared to controls (p = .047, Cohen’s d = 0.49). At the domain level, larger effect sizes were observed for EF IIV (Cohen’s d = 0.46) compared to A/SoP IIV (d = 0.32), although neither were statistically significant. Within the mTBI/PTSD group, higher Global IIV was associated with worse self-reported executive dysfunction, psychological quality of life, and cognitive post-concussive symptoms; at the domain level, these clinical outcomes were generally associated with greater A/SoP IIV (but not EF IIV).

Conclusion
Findings extend previous investigations of neurocognitive IIV in individuals with a history of mTBI across PTSD status. Among Veterans with a history of mTBI and comorbid PTSD, neurocognitive variability may be a better indicator of self-reported cognitive inefficiencies and Veteran experience of daily cognitive functioning than mean neuropsychological performances.
Public information use—are invasive demersal fish species more effective than natives?
Authors: Augustyniak Mateusz , Kobak Jarosław , Jermacz Łukasz , Adamiak Agnieszka , Kakareko Tomasz 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Organisms determine environmental quality using their senses and personal experience (personal information) but can also use byproducts of other individuals’ activities (i.e. public information). The ability to use public information originating from both con- and heterospecifics gives an advantage over individuals relying only on personal information or conspecific cues. The role of public information in invasion ecology is of high concern, as any differences in this aspect between alien and native species may determine the success of the former. Here, we studied 2 pairs of sympatric invasive and native demersal fish species (racer goby Babka gymnotrachelus/European bullhead Cottus gobio; monkey goby Neogobius fluviatilis/gudgeon Gobio gobio) facing 2 types of public cues (associated with antipredatory and foraging behavior). We used them as a model to check if the invaders could use public information from more sources than the natives. Both invaders and the native gudgeon used cues from con- and heterospecifics, exhibiting antipredatory behavior, while the native bullhead failed to recognize such cues from heterospecifics. The monkey goby and both native species were attracted to foraging cues from donors less likely to exert competitive pressure on the observer (i.e. native species rather than potentially more aggressive invaders). On the other hand, the racer goby appeared unable to correctly recognize heterospecific foraging cues. Our results showed that public cues can enable invaders to read threat from a wide range of individuals and to find optimal food patches, which may contribute to their invasion success.
MicroNet-MIMRF: a microbial network inference approach based on mutual information and Markov random fields
Authors: Feng Chenqionglu , Jia Huiqun , Wang Hui , Wang Jiaojiao , Lin Mengxuan , Hu Xiaoyan , Yu Chenjing , Song Hongbin , Wang Ligui 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Motivation
The human microbiome, comprises complex associations and communication networks among microbial communities, which are crucial for maintaining health. The construction of microbial networks is vital for elucidating these associations. However, existing microbial networks inference methods cannot solve the issues of zero-inflation and non-linear associations. Therefore, necessitating novel methods to improve the accuracy of microbial networks inference.

Results
In this study, we introduce the Microbial Network based on Mutual Information and Markov Random Fields (MicroNet-MIMRF) as a novel approach for inferring microbial networks. Abundance data of microbes are modeled through the zero-inflated Poisson distribution, and the discrete matrix is estimated for further calculation. Markov random fields based on mutual information are used to construct accurate microbial networks. MicroNet-MIMRF excels at estimating pairwise associations between microbes, effectively addressing zero-inflation and non-linear associations in microbial abundance data. It outperforms commonly used techniques in simulation experiments, achieving area under the curve values exceeding 0.75 for all parameters. A case study on inflammatory bowel disease data further demonstrates the method’s ability to identify insightful associations. Conclusively, MicroNet-MIMRF is a powerful tool for microbial network inference that handles the biases caused by zero-inflation and overestimation of associations.

Availability and implementation
The MicroNet-MIMRF is provided at https://github.com/Fionabiostats/MicroNet-MIMRF.