bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling the economic benefit of targeted mild hypothermia in deceased donor kidney transplantation
Authors: Axelrod David A. , Malinoski Darren , Patel Madhukar S. , Broglio Kristine , Lewis Roger , Groat Tahnee , Lentine Krista L. , Schnitzler Mark , Niemann Claus U. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDelayed graft function (DGF) in kidney transplant significantly increases inpatient and outpatient cost. Targeted, mild hypothermia in organ donors after neurologic determination of death significantly reduced the rate of DGF in a recent randomized controlled clinical trial. To assess the potential economic benefit of national implementation of donor hypothermia, rates of reduction DGF were combined with estimates of the impact of DGF on hospital cost and total health expenditure for standard and extended criteria donor organs (SCD and ECD). DGF increases the cost of the transplant episode by $9487 for ECD transplant and $10 342 for SCD transplant. Medicare recipients with DGF incur an additional $18 513 spending for ECD and $14 948 in SCD transplants over the first year. An absolute reduction in DGF rate after kidney transplantation consistent with trial results (ECD 25%, SCD 7%) has the potential to lower annual hospital cost for kidney transplant by $13 178 746 and annual Medicare spending by $20 970 706 compared to standard donor management practice using static cold storage. Targeted mild hypothermia improves care of renal transplant patients by safely reducing DGF rates in both ECD and SCD transplant. Broader application of this safe, effective, and low‐cost intervention could reduce healthcare expenditures for providers and insurers.
After justification: Toward a Dalit public Lutheran theology
Authors: Patta Raj Bharath 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe aim of this article is to construct a “Dalit public Lutheran theology” as an “after‐justification” conversation, which drafts an agenda for the future of Lutheran theology in the twenty‐first century. In moving toward that construction, I first briefly explain Dalit theology, public theology, and Lutheran theology and shall discuss the rationale for a Dalit public Lutheran theology. From there I propose that Lutheran theology needs to take a contextual, post‐colonial and subaltern turn. Then I discuss the contours of Dalit public Lutheran theology by discussing one of the pivotal doctrine of Luther, “justification by grace through faith,” by engaging in a Dalit public discourse and propose “hospitality by love” as what comes after justification. Finally, I bring out the relevance of such a theology for our present‐day context. The method I employ in this article is subaltern methodology, which is to “read from below” or “read against the grain.” “After justification” is understood as “beyond” the understanding of doctrine of justification, as a forward‐looking public theological understanding of justification, where it finds fecundity and validity.
Biochemical properties of a Pseudomonas aminotransferase involved in caprolactam metabolism
Authors: Palacio Cyntia M. , Rozeboom Henriëtte J. , Lanfranchi Elisa , Meng Qinglong , Otzen Marleen , Janssen Dick B. 
Published: June 2019

The biodegradation of the nylon‐6 precursor caprolactam by a strain of Pseudomonas jessenii proceeds via ATP‐dependent hydrolytic ring opening to 6‐aminohexanoate. This non‐natural ω‐amino acid is converted to 6‐oxohexanoic acid by an aminotransferase (PjAT) belonging to the fold type I pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate (PLP) enzymes. To understand the structural basis of 6‐aminohexanoatate conversion, we solved different crystal structures and determined the substrate scope with a range of aliphatic and aromatic amines. Comparison with the homologous aminotransferases from Chromobacterium violaceum (CvAT) and Vibrio fluvialis (VfAT) showed that the PjAT enzyme has the lowest KM values (highest affinity) and highest specificity constant (kcat/KM) with the caprolactam degradation intermediates 6‐aminohexanoate and 6‐oxohexanoic acid, in accordance with its proposed in vivo function. Five distinct three‐dimensional structures of PjAT were solved by protein crystallography. The structure of the aldimine intermediate formed from 6‐aminohexanoate and the PLP cofactor revealed the presence of a narrow hydrophobic substrate‐binding tunnel leading to the cofactor and covered by a flexible arginine, which explains the high activity and selectivity of the PjAT with 6‐aminohexanoate. The results suggest that the degradation pathway for caprolactam has recruited an aminotransferase that is well adapted to 6‐aminohexanoate degradation.DatabaseThe atomic coordinates and structure factors P. jessenii 6‐aminohexanoate aminotransferase have been deposited in the PDB as entries 6G4B (E∙succinate complex), 6G4C (E∙phosphate complex), 6G4D (E∙PLP complex), 6G4E (E∙PLP‐6‐aminohexanoate intermediate), and 6G4F (E∙PMP complex).
Low‐cycle fatigue behavior of a newly developed cast aluminum alloy for automotive applications
Authors: Mohammed S.M.A.K. , Li D.J. , Zeng X.Q. , Chen D.L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe drive for increasing fuel efficiency and decreasing anthropogenic greenhouse effect via lightweighting leads to the development of several new Al alloys. The effect of Mn and Fe addition on the microstructure of Al‐Mg‐Si alloy in as‐cast condition was investigated. The mechanical properties including strain‐controlled low‐cycle fatigue characteristics were evaluated. The microstructure of the as‐cast alloy consisted of globular primary α‐Al phase and characteristic Mg2Si‐containing eutectic structure, along with Al8(Fe,Mn)2Si particles randomly distributed in the matrix. Relative to several commercial alloys including A319 cast alloy, the present alloy exhibited superior tensile properties without trade‐off in elongation and improved fatigue life due to the unique microstructure with fine grains and random textures. The as‐cast alloy possessed yield stress, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation of about 185 MPa, 304 MPa, and 6.3%, respectively. The stress‐strain hysteresis loops were symmetrical and approximately followed Masing behavior. The fatigue life of the as‐cast alloy was attained to be higher than that of several commercial cast and wrought Al alloys. Cyclic hardening occurred at higher strain amplitudes from 0.3% to 0.8%, while cyclic stabilization sustained at lower strain amplitudes of ≤0.2%. Examination of fractured surfaces revealed that fatigue crack initiated from the specimen surface/near‐surface, and crack propagation occurred mainly in the formation of fatigue striations.
Presumptive tick paralysis in 2 American Miniature horses in the United States
Authors: Trumpp Kelsey M. , Parsley Ashley L. , Lewis Melissa J. , Camp Joseph W. , Taylor Sandra D. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRationaleTick paralysis has not been reported in horses in North America.Clinical FindingsTwo American Miniature horses were examined for progressive weakness and recumbency. Numerous ticks (Dermacentor variabilis) were found on both horses. Horse 1 was recumbent (grade 5/5 gait deficit) on presentation, whereas Horse 2 was standing but ataxic (grade 4/5 gait deficit) and tetraparetic. Both horses had decreased tongue and tail muscle tone, and had normal spinal reflexes. Cerebrospinal fluid cytology was normal. Equine herpesvirus‐1 testing was negative.Pertinent InterventionsTicks were removed within 24 hours of presentation. Both horses were treated topically with permethrin. Supportive care included fluid therapy, treatment for corneal ulceration, and frequent repositioning during recumbency.OutcomeWithin 48 hours of tick removal, both horses were neurologically normal.Clinical RelevanceOurs is the first reported case of presumptive tick paralysis in horses in North America. Although rare, tick paralysis should be considered in horses presented with acute‐onset weakness progressing to recumbency.
Rethinking Academic Entrepreneurship: University Governance and the Emergence of the Academic Enterprise
Authors: Crow Michael M. , Whitman Kyle , Anderson Derrick M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe theory and practice of academic entrepreneurship, like many domains of public management, requires active recognition that context affects individual behavior. In this Viewpoint essay, the authors contend that the operational logic of a university affects the values and activities of actors within that university in ways that shape the broader entrepreneurial activities of the university. The authors describe a new entrepreneurial organizational logic, termed the “academic enterprise,” and situate it in relation to the more established academy, bureaucratic, and market logics. The academic enterprise is inherently entrepreneurial in terms of the management of the university and its reliance on faculty and student entrepreneurship as a tool for broad‐scale social and economic transformation.
Live science in the Valley of the Last Dinosaurs: A public window into the world of paleontology
Authors: Hankla John , Sands Samantha , Sims Megan , Wyman Jeremy 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
LiveSci in the Valley of the Last Dinosaurs (http://lastdinos.livesci.org/) was a website and social media presence that provided the global online community with unprecedented access to the exciting paleontological research happening in the remote badlands of North Dakota and Montana in the summer of 2016. A collaborative team of researchers, students, and citizen scientists from around the world excavated some of the last dinosaurs that ever walked the Earth, mapped the K/Pg boundary in high resolution, and uncovered fossils that show us how life recovered after the extinction of the dinosaurs. To engage the public in the ongoing process of scientific discovery, dedicated project staff and participating researchers posted videos, photos, blog entries, and social media content nearly every day during the seven-week field season.
Researchers and science educators from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Denver Museum of Nature & Science, along with collaborators from Brooklyn College, the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Yale Peabody Museum, the Royal Ontario Museum, and the Marmarth Research Foundation, were joined by young scientists and citizen scientist volunteers of all ages. The production team consisted of high school and college interns, public science outreach professionals, and research scientists. To expand the reach of the project, a bilingual intern maintained a parallel Spanish website.
Hundreds of thousands of online viewers watched, contributed, and shared these authentic experiences with their communities during the live portion of the project, and many more continue to access the archived website and social media content. This project exemplifies how social media and real-time interaction with scientists have the potential to connect the public to science as it unfolds, removing myths and stereotypes about how science happens and who scientists are. Initiatives such as this one help to create citizens who are more connected to the process of science and who can use that understanding in their lives through more informed decision making.
Case finding for dementia during acute hospital admissions: a mixed-methods study exploring the impacts on patient care after discharge and costs for the English National Health Service
Authors: Burn Anne-Marie , Bunn Frances , Fleming Jane , Turner David , Fox Chris , Malyon Alexandra , Brayne Carol 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveBetween 2012 and 2017 dementia case finding was routinely carried out on people aged 75 years and over with unplanned admissions to acute hospitals across England. The assumption was that this would lead to better planning of care and treatment for patients with dementia following discharge from hospital. However, little is known about the experiences of patients and carers or the impacts on other health services. This study explored the impact of dementia case finding on older people and their families and on their use of services.DesignThematic content analysis was conducted on qualitative interview data and costs associated with service use were estimated. Measures included the Mini-Mental State Examination, the EuroQol quality of life scale and a modified Client Service Receipt Inventory.SettingFour counties in the East of England.ParticipantsPeople aged ≥75 years who had been identified by case finding during an unplanned hospital admission as warranting further investigation of possible dementia and their family carers.ResultsWe carried out 28 interviews, including 19 joint patient-carer(s), 5 patient only and 4 family carer interviews. Most patients and carers were unaware that memory assessments had taken place, with many families not being informed or involved in the process. Participants had a variety of views on memory testing in hospital and had concerns about how hospitals carried out assessments and communicated results. Overall, case finding did not lead to general practitioner (GP) follow-up after discharge home or lead to referral for further investigation. Few services were initiated because of dementia case finding in hospital.ConclusionsThis study shows that dementia case finding may not lead to increased GP follow-up or service provision for patients after discharge from hospital. There is a need for a more evidence-based approach to the initiation of mandatory initiatives such as case finding that inevitably consume stretched human and financial resources.
When order sets do not align with clinician workflow: assessing practice patterns in the electronic health record
Authors: Li Ron C , Wang Jason K , Sharp Christopher , Chen Jonathan H 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundOrder sets are widely used tools in the electronic health record (EHR) for improving healthcare quality. However, there is limited insight into how well they facilitate clinician workflow. We assessed four indicators based on order set usage patterns in the EHR that reflect potential misalignment between order set design and clinician workflow needs.MethodsWe used data from the EHR on all orders of medication, laboratory, imaging and blood product items at an academic hospital and an itemset mining approach to extract orders that frequently co-occurred with order set use. We identified the following four indicators: infrequent ordering of order set items, rapid retraction of medication orders from order sets, additional a la carte ordering of items not included in order sets and a la carte ordering of items despite being listed in the order set.ResultsThere was significant variability in workflow alignment across the 11 762 order set items used in the 77 421 inpatient encounters from 2014 to 2017. The median ordering rate was 4.1% (IQR 0.6%–18%) and median medication retraction rate was 4% (IQR 2%–10%). 143 (5%) medications were significantly less likely while 68 (3%) were significantly more likely to be retracted than if the same medication was ordered a la carte. 214 (39%) order sets were associated with least one additional item frequently ordered a la carte and 243 (45%) order sets contained at least one item that was instead more often ordered a la carte.ConclusionOrder sets often do not align with what clinicians need at the point of care. Quantitative insights from EHRs may inform how order sets can be optimised to facilitate clinician workflow.
Management of low back pain in Australian emergency departments
Authors: Ferreira Giovanni E , Machado Gustavo C , Abdel Shaheed Christina , Lin Chung-Wei Christine , Needs Chris , Edwards James , Facer Rochelle , Rogan Eileen , Richards Bethan , Maher Christopher G 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundTo describe the diagnoses of people who present to the emergency department (ED) with low back pain (LBP), the proportion of people with a lumbar spine condition who arrived by ambulance, received imaging, opioids and were admitted to hospital; and to explore factors associated with these four outcomes.MethodsIn this retrospective study, we analysed electronic medical records for all adults presenting with LBP at three Australian EDs from January 2016 to June 2018. Outcomes included discharge diagnoses and key aspects of care (ambulance transport, lumbar spine imaging, provision of opioids, admission). We explored factors associated with these care outcomes using multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression models and reported data as ORs.ResultsThere were 14 024 presentations with a ‘visit reason’ for low back pain, of which 6393 (45.6%) had a diagnosis of a lumbar spine condition. Of these, 31.4% arrived by ambulance, 23.6% received lumbar imaging, 69.6% received opioids and 17.6% were admitted to hospital. Older patients (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.56 to 2.04) were more likely to be imaged. Opioids were less used during working hours (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.98) and in patients with non-serious LBP compared with patients with serious spinal pathology (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.07 to 2.55). Hospital admission was more likely to occur during working hours (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.48 to 2.05) and for those who arrived by ambulance (OR 2.98, 95% CI 2.53 to 3.51).ConclusionMany ED presentations of LBP were not due to a lumbar spine condition. Of those that were, we noted relatively high rates of lumbar imaging, opioid use and hospital admission.
Evaluating Brassica napus and Brassica juncea meals with supplemental enzymes for use in brown-egg laying hen diets: production performance and egg quality factors
Authors: Savary Rachel K. , MacIsaac Janice L. , Rathgeber Bruce M. , McLean Nancy L. , Anderson Derek M. 
Published: June 2019

Canola and juncea meals (CM and JM) have been thoroughly evaluated in diets of white- but not brown-shell egg laying hens (BSLH). This study compared the effects of dietary CM, JM, or soybean meal (SBM) on production performance and egg quality of BSLH. Over 48 wk, 300 Lohmann Brown-Lite laying hens were fed diets containing SBM, 10% or 20% CM (CM-10 or CM-20), and 10% or 20% JM (JM-10 or JM-20), without (−E) or with (+E) a phytase/multicarbohydrase enzyme cocktail. Egg weight decreased with CM-20 inclusion compared with SBM (P = 0.027; SBM, 63.1a; CM-10, 61.8ab; CM-20, 61.1b; JM-10, 62.6ab; JM-20, 61.7ab; g egg−1). In a meal by enzyme interaction, enzyme inclusion decreased percent shell and egg specific gravity of only the hens fed CM-20 (P ≤ 0.008). Body weight decreased (P = 0.031; −E, 2135a; +E, 2078b; g hen−1) and feed efficiency was improved (P = 0.032; −E, 1.98a; +E, 1.95b; g feed g egg mass−1) when enzyme was included in the diet. Dietary treatment did not affect mortality (P > 0.05). All performance and quality parameters were within expected ranges; therefore, 20% CM and JM can be included in BSLH diets, and enzyme inclusion can be used to improve feed efficiency regardless of meal type fed.
MYC-Driven Small-Cell Lung Cancer is Metabolically Distinct and Vulnerable to Arginine Depletion
Authors: Chalishazar Milind D. , Wait Sarah J. , Huang Fang , Ireland Abbie S. , Mukhopadhyay Anandaroop , Lee Younjee , Schuman Sophia S. , Guthrie Matthew R. , Berrett Kristofer C. , Vahrenkamp Jeffery M. , Hu Zeping , Kudla Marek , Modzelewska Katarzyna , Wang Guoying , Ingolia Nicholas T. , Gertz Jason , Lum David H. , Cosulich Sabina C. , Bomalaski John S. , DeBerardinis Ralph J. , Oliver Trudy G. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPurpose:Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) has been treated clinically as a homogeneous disease, but recent discoveries suggest that SCLC is heterogeneous. Whether metabolic differences exist among SCLC subtypes is largely unexplored. In this study, we aimed to determine whether metabolic vulnerabilities exist between SCLC subtypes that can be therapeutically exploited.Experimental Design:We performed steady state metabolomics on tumors isolated from distinct genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) representing the MYC- and MYCL-driven subtypes of SCLC. Using genetic and pharmacologic approaches, we validated our findings in chemo-naïve and -resistant human SCLC cell lines, multiple GEMMs, four human cell line xenografts, and four newly derived PDX models.Results:We discover that SCLC subtypes driven by different MYC family members have distinct metabolic profiles. MYC-driven SCLC preferentially depends on arginine-regulated pathways including polyamine biosynthesis and mTOR pathway activation. Chemo-resistant SCLC cells exhibit increased MYC expression and similar metabolic liabilities as chemo-naïve MYC-driven cells. Arginine depletion with pegylated arginine deiminase (ADI-PEG 20) dramatically suppresses tumor growth and promotes survival of mice specifically with MYC-driven tumors, including in GEMMs, human cell line xenografts, and a patient-derived xenograft from a relapsed patient. Finally, ADI-PEG 20 is significantly more effective than the standard-of-care chemotherapy.Conclusions:These data identify metabolic heterogeneity within SCLC and suggest arginine deprivation as a subtype-specific therapeutic vulnerability for MYC-driven SCLC.
Oncogenic NRG1 Fusions: A New Hope for Targeted Therapy in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Aguirre Andrew J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractApproximately 8%–10% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cases are KRAS wild type. In a subset of these tumors, NRG1 gene fusions have been identified as targetable oncogenic drivers, a discovery that highlights the importance of deep molecular characterization for KRAS wild-type pancreatic cancers and provides a novel treatment strategy in this disease.See related article by Jones et al., p. 4674
Prognostic and Biologic Relevance of Clinically Applicable Long Noncoding RNA Profiling in Older Patients with Cytogenetically Normal Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Papaioannou Dimitrios , Nicolet Deedra , Ozer Hatice G. , Mrózek Krzysztof , Volinia Stefano , Fadda Paolo , Carroll Andrew J. , Kohlschmidt Jessica , Kolitz Jonathan E. , Wang Eunice S. , Stone Richard M. , Byrd John C. , Garzon Ramiro , Bloomfield Clara D. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We have previously shown that expression levels of 48 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) can generate a prognostic lncRNA score that independently associates with outcome of older patients with cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia (CN-AML). However, the techniques used to identify and measure prognostic lncRNAs (i.e., RNA sequencing and microarrays) are not tailored for clinical testing. Herein, we report on an assay (based on the nCounter platform) that is designed to produce targeted measurements of prognostic lncRNAs in a clinically applicable manner. We analyzed a new cohort of 76 older patients with CN-AML and found that the nCounter assay yielded reproducible measurements and that the lncRNA score retained its prognostic value; patients with high lncRNA scores had lower complete remission (CR) rates (P = 0.009; 58% vs. 87%), shorter disease-free (P = 0.05; 3-year rates: 0% vs. 21%), overall (OS; P = 0.02, 3-year rates: 10% vs. 29%), and event-free survival (EFS; P = 0.002, 3-year rates: 0% vs. 18%) than patients with low lncRNA scores. In multivariable analyses, the lncRNA score independently associated with CR rates (P = 0.02), OS (P = 0.02), and EFS (P = 0.02). To gain biological insights, we examined our initial cohort of 71 older patients with CN-AML, previously analyzed with RNA sequencing. Genes involved in immune response and B-cell receptor signaling were enriched in patients with high lncRNA scores. We conclude that clinically applicable lncRNA profiling is feasible and potentially useful for risk stratification of older patients with CN-AML. Furthermore, we identify potentially targetable molecular pathways that are active in the high-risk patients with high lncRNA scores.