bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pikkunaqtuq and Footsteps into the Future
Authors: Kral Michael J. , Idlout Lori 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines the challenges faced by Inuit youth today. It reviews approaches that are beneficial to Inuit and indigenous youth. A number of Inuit adults are interviewed about their views of the future of Inuit youth. In addition, the chapter discusses themes that emerged from speaking with Inuit and non-Inuit. Parenting has changed remarkably, and many said that youth and adults should spend more time together and speak more with each other. Today, Inuit youth and adults are basically ignoring each other. Schools and education should be improved, made more relevant to Inuit youth. Inuit culture is also very important for Inuit youth, and they benefit greatly by learning about and practicing their culture.
Singing and Survival
Authors: Bendrups Dan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This book investigates the role that music has played in the development of Easter Island (Rapa Nui) cultural heritage from the late nineteenth century to the early twenty-first century. Contrary to prevailing discourses of cultural loss and collapse, it argues that the continuity of Rapanui musical practices can be considered as evidence of cultural survival and continuity. The descriptions of music provided here extend beyond considerations of aesthetics, toward an appreciation of what it means for a once-endangered culture to survive, and to thrive, and the contribution that music can make to this process. It discusses how the Rapanui have carefully nurtured ancestral knowledge passed down over generations, as well as embracing a world of trans-Pacific cultural flows. It investigates five key domains of musical influence on Rapa Nui: ancient tradition, Christian music, Chilean influences, Polynesian influences, and influences derived from global popular culture.
Rossian Ethics
Authors: Phillips David 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This book has two connected aims. The first is to interpret and evaluate W. D. Ross’s ethics, focusing on the key elements of his moral theory: his introduction of the concept of prima facie duty, his limited pluralism about the right, and his limited pluralism about the good. The second is to articulate a distinctive view intermediate between consequentialism and absolutist deontology, “classical deontology.” According to classical deontology the most fundamental normative principles are principles of prima facie duty, principles which specify general kinds of reasons. Consequentialists are right to think that reasons always derive from goods; and ideal utilitarians are right, contra hedonistic utilitarians, to think that there are a small number of distinct kinds of intrinsic goods. But consequentialists are wrong to think that all reasons have the same weight for all agents. Instead there are a small number of distinct kinds of agent-relative intensifiers: features that increase the importance of certain goods for certain agents. It is argued that classical deontology combines the best elements of the moral theories of Ross and of Sidgwick, and that the best philosophical interpretation of Ross is that he is a classical deontologist.
What Are Prima Facie Duties?
Authors: Phillips David 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter focuses on Ross’s most important conceptual innovation: the idea of prima facie duty. Four main claims are defended: first, contra some of his harsher critics, that though much of what Ross says in introducing and explaining the concept of prima facie duty is problematic or misleading, he nonetheless has a clear and coherent theoretical picture; second, contra Hurka, that Ross lacks the contemporary concept of a normative reason, but that his views should be reframed in ways that do employ that concept; third, that Ross is not and should not be a scalar deontologist; and fourth that he was wrong in the Foundations to follow Prichard in favoring subjective over objective rightness.
Booker Little, Joe Henderson, and Woody Shaw
Authors: Waters Keith 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The compositions of Booker Little, Joe Henderson, and Woody Shaw use characteristic harmonies of tonal jazz (major seventh, minor seventh, dominant seventh) that nevertheless progress in ways that do not always reflect earlier tonal jazz practices. Booker Little’s career, if short-lived, offered compositions with formal and harmonic ambiguity. His “We Speak” (Out Front) combines the faster harmonic rhythm of postbop jazz with slower harmonic rhythm characteristic of modal jazz, and his three-horn scoring reflects the manner in which Little negotiates both. Joe Henderson’s “Punjab” (In ’n Out) uses axis progressions in an 18-bar form with built-in metrical ambiguities. Woody Shaw’s “Beyond All Limits” (Larry Young, Unity) exhibits a melodic structure characterized by pentatonic and perfect fourth designs, appearing within an AABA form consisting of 14-bar A sections and a 12-bar B section.
Passion Toward Work and Work–Life Conflict
Authors: Boiché Julie , Caudroit Johan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter presents an extensive review of the research conducted to date on passion and conflict between an array of passionate activities and other domains, with a special focus on available results regarding passion for work. The behavioral and psychological mechanisms underlying the relationship between passion and conflict, and especially the case of work–family conflict, are identified. Various forms of work-life conflict are delineated according to their core process (time-, strain- or behavior-based) and direction (work-family versus family-work conflict). The chapter more particularly focuses on the potential mediator role of several variables (including work time, work and family-specific behaviors, cognitions such as rumination, affects such as role tension) and the possible moderating role of other variables (sociodemographic variables, work and family characteristics). Theoretical and practical implications are offered, as well as suggestions for future research.
Perceptual knowledge
Authors: Dicker Georges 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter critically analyzes Locke’s views on “sensitive knowledge.” Its main theses are: (1) Locke sometimes confuses the legitimate question (Q1), “When we perceive a body, how can we know that we aren’t hallucinating instead?” with the faulty “veil-of-perception” question, (Q2) “How do we know bodies exist, since we can’t perceive them?” (2) When Locke does mention (Q1), he sometimes just dismisses it, because he holds that simple ideas of sensation are by definition produced by bodies. (3) At other times, Locke humors the skeptic, and offers a defense of the senses, in the form of an inference to the best explanation. (4) It’s doubtful that he could successfully rule out other possible explanations of our perceptual experience, like Descartes’s deceiver scenario and its contemporary variants. (5) There are reasons for this weakness, and they carry over to any attempt to defeat skepticism by an inference to the best explanation.
States of Memory
Authors: Yates David C. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The Persian War was one of the most significant events in ancient history. It halted Persia’s westward expansion, inspired the Golden Age of Greece, and propelled Athens to the heights of power. From the end of the war almost to the end of antiquity, the Greeks and later the Romans recalled the battles and heroes of this war with unabated zeal. The resulting monuments and narratives have long been used to elucidate the history of the war itself, but they have only recently begun to be used to explore how the conflict was remembered over time. In the present study, Yates demonstrates (1) that the Greeks recalled the Persian War as members of their respective poleis, not collectively as Greeks, (2) that the resulting differences were extensive and fiercely contested, and (3) that a mutually accepted recollection of the war did not emerge until Philip of Macedonia and Alexander the Great shattered the conceptual domination of the polis at the battle of Chaeronea. These conclusions suggest that any cohesion in the classical tradition of the Persian War implied by the surviving historical accounts (most notably Herodotus) or postulated by moderns is illusory. The focus of the book falls on the classical period, but it also includes a brief discussion of the hellenistic commemoration of the war that follows those trends set in motion by Philip and Alexander.
A New Persian War
Authors: Yates David C. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Chapter 6 argues that the dominance of the polis in the recollection of the Persian War was challenged after the battle of Chaeronea when Philip and Alexander invented a Persian-War tradition to which all Greeks could stake a claim, regardless of their actual Persian-War service. The chapter begins with some of the Macedonians’ most conspicuous Persian-War commemorations and then considers three contemporary rejections of their invented tradition by the city-states of old Greece, as well as the steps taken by the Macedonians to counter them. It includes an examination of the Corinthian League, the destruction of Thebes, commemorations ordered after Granicus and Gaugamela, new Persian-War rituals at Plataea, the burning of Persepolis, and the Lamian War.
Birth Rights and Wrongs
Authors: Fox Dov 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Today, tens of millions of Americans rely on reproductive advances to help them carry out decisions more personal and far-reaching than almost any other they will ever make: They use birth control or abortion to delay or avoid having children; surrogacy or tissue donation to start or grow a family; and genetic diagnosis or embryo selection to have offspring who survive and flourish. This is no less than the medicine of miracles: It fills empty cradles; frees families from debilitating disease; and empowers them to plan a life that doesn’t include parenthood. But accidents happen: Embryologists miss ailments; egg vendors switch donors; obstetricians tell pregnant women their healthy fetuses will be stillborn. The aftermaths can last a lifetime, yet political and economic forces conspire against regulation to prevent negligence from happening in the first place. After the fact, social stigma and lawyers’ fees stave off lawsuits, and legal relief is a long shot: Judges and juries are reluctant to designate reproductive losses as worthy of redress when mix-ups foist parenthood on patients who didn’t want it, or childlessness on those who did. Some courts insist that babies are blessings, planned or not; others shrug over the fact that infertile couples weren’t assured offspring anyway. The result is a society that lets badly behaving specialists off the hook and leaves broken victims to pick up the pieces. Failed abortions, switched donors, and lost embryos may be First World problems—but these aren’t innocent lapses or harmless errors: They’re wrongs in need of rights.
“Basic Civil Rights”
Authors: Fox Dov 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In the 1942 case of Skinner v. Oklahoma, the U.S. Supreme Court called “procreation” one of “the basic civil rights of man.” But this lofty rhetoric carries no binding authority as legal precedent, and it came when there was just one way to make a baby. More recent developments in medicine and technology separate sex from conception; biology from brute luck; and genetics from gestation or childrearing. Birth control, surrogacy, sperm banking, egg freezing, and embryo selection don’t just enhance control over whether, when, and how to reproduce—they reveal distinct interests in choosing pregnancy (gestating a fetus), parenthood (raising a child), and particulars (selecting offspring traits). The American legal system doesn’t recognize any general right to make decisions about having children, not aside from narrow limits against severe government restrictions on access to abortion and birth control. Procreation deserves greater protection because it goes to the heart of autonomy, well-being, and equality—these vital human goods give distinct reasons to care that individuals be able to choose whether, when, and how to reproduce. The greatest value of family planning has less to do with choices than consequences—consequences that lay identities, experiences, and opportunities on the line. Few other decisions or undertakings over the course of a lifetime so shape who a person is, how he spends his days, and how he wants to be remembered. Reproductive negligence can also erode social equality as surely as limiting access to those services and procedures in the first place.
Procreation Imposed
Authors: Fox Dov 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A negligently failed abortion, birth control, or sterilization foists on plaintiffs the very pregnancy or parenthood they enlisted professional assistance to avoid. Courts refuse to remedy these reproductive injuries on the ground that babies are blessings. But this repudiates plaintiffs’ moral agency to decide what’s good for their own lives. It’s specious and patronizing to think that all unsuspecting parents will come to be glad that misconduct rode roughshod over their decisions to be sterilized, use contraception, or have an abortion. And courts shouldn’t dismiss complaints in which causation is uncertain, provided that plaintiffs can show that negligence increased the chances of unwanted procreation by a non-insignificant degree. But it’s only fair to hold defendants liable for whatever portion of the reproductive injury their negligence caused, or the corresponding chance that their misconduct is to blame for causing it. Plaintiffs shouldn’t be denied the compensation they’re entitled to just because they exercised their protected liberties to decline abortion or adoption. Insisting that negligence victims cut off ties with a fetus or child as a condition of recovery disrespects their interest in making reproductive decisions for themselves. Forcing their hand yet again only exacerbates that injury to such a meaningful part of their lives that specialists had previously given them legitimate reason to expect. Raising the unplanned child may be worse for them than the childless future they’d hoped for—but abortion or adoption may be worse than either of those.
Culture and the Psychology Curriculum
Authors: Lonner Walter J. , Keith Kenneth D. , Matsumoto David 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The pedagogical intent of this chapter is to provide teachers of psychology with foundational material necessary for any part of the psychology curriculum featuring culture as an important factor in shaping human thought and behavior. The authors present overviews of basic concepts, historical considerations, and theoretical and contemporary research perspectives, as well as a discussion of psychological dimensions such as individualism–collectivism, tight versus loose cultures, personality traits, social axioms, and human universals. The authors give attention to the concepts of absolutism, relativism, and universalism, and briefly describe cross-cultural psychology, cultural psychology, psychological anthropology, indigenous/ethnic psychology, and multiculturalism. The issue of cultural coverage in introductory psychology texts is included, as is an appendix describing numerous official global associations and organizations that are important resources for the kind of information that teachers of culture and psychology will find valuable in the classroom.
Safeguarding the Journalist
Authors: Palmer Lindsay 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The chapter explores the labor of safeguarding the journalist. Fixers represent themselves as playing a vital role in keeping foreign reporters out of harm’s way, most especially when these reporters’ status as racial, national, and even gendered Others might put them at risk. Sometimes the fixer must speak on behalf of the journalist, smoothing things over with a suspicious police officer or an angry crowd. Other times, the fixer might give the journalist advice on how to safely navigate the complex sociocultural landscape, imploring female journalists to dress conservatively in certain areas, and recommending certain neighborhoods that no foreign reporter should visit alone. For these reasons, news outlets tend to conceptualize fixers as a key element of the security measures they must take to keep their journalists safe in the field. Yet, the chapter closes by showing the flip side of this labor—the possibility that the news fixers themselves will be injured or killed. Notwithstanding this danger, news organizations rarely provide their fixers with safety equipment, hazardous environment training, or medical insurance.
The Development of Domains of Moral and Conventional Norms, Coordination in Decision-Making, and the Implications of Social Opposition
Authors: Turiel Elliot , Dahl Audun 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter discusses norms in the domains of morality, social convention, and personal jurisdiction from the perspective of psychological development. Many studies have documented that by a young age children think in different ways about each of these domains and that each represents a different developmental pathway. Reasoning about the moral domain, which is a main focus of the chapter, is connected with emotions, and the development of moral judgments stems from individuals’ reciprocal social interactions in direct and everyday experiences. Whereas the domains of norms are distinct, many social situations include considerations from different domains and, therefore, social decisions often involve processes of coordination of weighing those differing and sometimes conflicting considerations. After discussion of processes of coordination, the chapter considers ways that individuals reflect upon the fairness of systems of social organization and coordinate acceptance of norms and opposition to norms through their moral judgments.
Moral Obligation from the Outside In
Authors: Roughley Neil 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter presents an analysis of moral obligation, proceeding from the assumption that the decisive facts can only have resulted from the development of psychological structures specific to the human life form. The method involves piecing together a psychology of deontic moral judgement and arguing that moral obligation is what must be the case if such judgements are true. The three key building blocks are resentment*, an affectively coloured, egoistic demand in reaction to agential ill will or indifference, found in both primates and psychopaths; Smithian empathy, which makes possible vicarious resentment*, or indignation*; and impartial empathising. Facts about moral obligation turn out to be facts about counterfactual informed impartial empathic indignation*. Phylogenetically, the constitution of such facts presumably required the prior genesis of social norms through the sharing of indignation*. This phylogenetic condition is, however, no part of the concept of moral obligation thus made possible.
Normative Guidance, Deontic Statuses, and the Normative Animal Thesis
Authors: Roughley Neil 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The chapter examines the evidence for the normative animal thesis gathered in the contributions to this volume and pinpoints the issues that would have to be resolved in order for the thesis to be clearly true. It begins by approaching the question via the phenomena of social norms, which uncontroversially exist and pervasively structure human practice. The decisive question then concerns the extent to which key features of the deontic orientation at work among agents subject to these norms are also at work in moral and linguistic practice. The two key features identified in the chapter are that of normative action guidance and the assignment of deontic statuses, in particular of obligations and rights. It is argued that there are prospects for a sufficiently broad conception of these two features to allow for a generic conceptualisation of “normativity” or deonticity that is in play in all three areas.
Conception
Authors: LoBue Vanessa 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter discusses the science and biology behind getting pregnant. As the author faces difficulty in conceiving her own first child, she describes the science of conception, ovulation, and why the small ovulation window might make it difficult for any woman, regardless of age, to become pregnant. She goes on to describe the added difficulties that might come with having a baby in your 30s and some surprising benefits that having a baby later in life might impart. The chapter includes a lengthy discussion of genetic screening and potential interventions for women who have difficulty conceiving.
The Fifth Month
Authors: LoBue Vanessa 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter describes the development of the fetus in the fifth month of pregnancy. After discovering that her fetus was inconveniently sleeping through an important ultrasound, the author discusses the science of infant sleep, why fetuses and newborns sleep so much, and the potential importance of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep for a fetus’s developing visual system. She then discusses at length various sleep-related issues relevant to infancy, including the controversial issues of co-sleeping (whether parents should do it and why), and an in-depth description of the research on sleep training and its potential short term and long terms effects on infants.
The Third Month
Authors: LoBue Vanessa 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter describes the development of the infant in the third month of life. After being warned by her pediatrician that her son has a flat head from sleeping on his back, the author discusses the common newborn issues of plagiocephaly and torticollis, how these diagnoses became popular, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), and how back sleeping might slow the development of motor milestones. She goes on to describe the development of infants’ motor skills like sitting, crawling, and walking, and the factors (including back sleeping) that might affect the timing of motor milestones. She concludes with a discussion of potential intervention strategies for babies with plagiocephaly.
The Sixth Month
Authors: LoBue Vanessa 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter describes the development of the infant in the sixth month of life. As her son begins to eat solid foods for the first time, the author marvels at how quickly and easily he learned to eat. The remainder of the chapter focuses on infant cognition and learning, discussing how we might investigate what preverbal infants understand, what they know, and how they come to know it. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the role of play in learning and how parents’ use of guided play might give infants a bit of a boost.
Identity Meanings and Categorical Inequality
Authors: Rogers Kimberly B. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
I use affect control theory (ACT) to show how we apply cultural knowledge to classify and form impressions of the people we encounter, producing inequality as widely shared cultural beliefs are translated into predictable patterns of social action. I apply ACT measurement dimensions (evaluation, potency, and activity) to show that cultural beliefs about social groups, known as “social identity meanings,” convey groups’ relative positions within systems of inequality such as race/ethnicity, national origin, gender, sexuality, religion, and social class. I find that privileged groups (e.g., whites, the rich, heterosexuals, Americans, and Christians) are higher in power (potency) but lower in status (evaluation) than other groups across dimensions of inequality. This meaning profile is shared by roles, traits, and behaviors that signify authority across diverse social domains. I consider the implications of these findings and of ACT more broadly for understanding how inequalities reflected in cultural meanings are often reproduced through interactions.