bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Making sense of the sack race: the impact of managerial change in the English Football League
Authors: Wilson Rob , Plumley Daniel , Flint Stuart William 
Published: August 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of managerial change in the English football industry. The authors’ theoretical discussion covers three contrasting concepts that attempt to explain the association between manager change and organizational performance (scapegoating theory, vicious circle theory and tenure and life-cycle theory).Design/methodology/approachData were collected for the four main English Football Leagues (EFLs) between 2000/2001 and 2015/2016. A total of 2,816 football matches were included in the study and during this time 525 instances of managerial change were observed. Analysis was conducted using relevant statistical techniques to examine the impact of managerial change on performance.FindingsThe results show significant differences in all four EFLs when considering teams who make a managerial change and those who do not. Further analysis revealed that a managerial change is more beneficial for clubs in the bottom half of the league, particularly for the English Premier League.Originality/valueThe implications for clubs competing in English football are clear when considering the strategic direction of the club in respect of managerial change and its impact on team performance. Yet, our findings come with a warning. The findings do not infer direct cause and effect here, and any board decision should consider additional factors other than sporting performance before deciding to sack their manager.
Scott Kupor explains the new realities of accessing venture capital
Authors: Davidson Alistair 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
Interview with Scott Kupor, a managing partner at Andreessen Horowitz (AH Capital Management LLC), a private American venture capital firm founded in 2009. Its investments span the mobile, gaming, social, e-commerce, education and enterprise IT – including cloud computing, security, and software-as-a-service industries.

Design/methodology/approach
Kupor’s book, Secrets of Sand Hill Road: Venture Capital and How to Get It (Portfolio, 2019) can be used as a handbook for strategizing about venture capital deals, how to partner with multiple venture capitalists and how to assess new business ideas and market opportunities.

Findings
Kupor was interviewed to obtain a venture capitalist’s perspective on the strategic guidelines for starting up an innovative business.

Practical implications
One of the key issues that VC investors seek to understand is, Why is this particular team best positioned to win the market versus any of the others that might approach the same opportunity? The team in many ways can become more important than the original business idea, particularly since we know the market and product will evolve over time.

Originality/value
Kupor warns that competition is growing more intense. The cost of starting a business is much lower than in the past. However, given the widespread availability of talent, it is unlikely that most startups will have the field to themselves.
Two‐dimensional data‐space joint inversion of magnetotelluric, gravity, magnetic and seismic data with cross‐gradient constraints
Authors: Zhang Rongzhe , Li Tonglin , Deng Xinhui , Huang Xingguo , Pak Yongchol 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTIn recent years, joint inversion has been widely used for integrated geological interpretation. We extended a data‐space joint inversion algorithm of magnetotelluric, gravity and magnetic data to include first‐arrival seismic travel‐time and normalized cross‐gradient constraints. We describe the main features of the algorithm and apply it to synthetic data generated for hypothetical models. For the synthetic data, we find that the joint inversion with multiple parameters is superior to the joint inversion with two or even three parameters, which can reduce the multisolution of inversion results more effectively. Furthermore, data‐space joint inversion involves fewer memory requirements and better calculation speeds than traditional model‐space joint inversion. The normalized cross‐gradient constraints can better couple model parameters of different magnitudes compared with traditional unnormalized cross‐gradient constraints, resulting in higher levels of structural similarity among resistivity, density, magnetic susceptibility and velocity models.
Rapid plastic breeding response to rain matches peak prey abundance in a tropical savanna bird
Authors: Hidalgo Aranzamendi Nataly , Hall Michelle L. , Kingma Sjouke A. , van de Pol Martijn , Peters Anne 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Changes in climate are shifting the timing of life cycle events in the natural world. Compared to northern temperate areas, these effects are relatively poorly understood in tropical and southern regions, where there is limited information on how timing of breeding and food availability are affected by climatic factors, and where patterns of breeding activity are more unpredictable within and between years.

Combining a new statistical modelling approach with 5 years of continuous individual‐based monitoring of a monsoonal tropical insectivorous bird, we quantified (a) the proximate climatic drivers at two trophic levels: timing of breeding and abundance of arthropod prey; (b) the effect of climate variation on reproductive output and (c) the role of individual plasticity.

Rainfall was identified as the main determinant of phenology at both trophic levels. Throughout the year, likelihood of egg laying increased very rapidly in response to even small amounts of rain during the preceding 0–3 weeks. Adult body mass and male sperm storage also increased rapidly after rain, suggesting high breeding preparedness. Additionally, females were flexible, since they were more likely to nest whether their previous attempt was longer ago and unsuccessful. Arthropod abundance also increased after rainfall, but more slowly, with a peak around 10 weeks. Therefore, the peak food availability coincided with the presence of dependent fledglings.

Fitness benefits of nesting after more rain appeared to be linked to offspring quantity rather than quality: nest attempts following higher rainfall produced larger clutches, but showed no improvement in nestling mass or relative fledging success. The response of clutch size to rainfall was plastic, since repeated sampling showed that individual females laid larger clutches after more rain, possibly mediated by improved body mass.

Rapid, individually flexible breeding in response to rainfall and slower increase in arthropod abundance also as a response to rainfall, might buffer insectivorous species living in tropical seasonal environments from climate change‐induced phenological trophic mismatches.
The interplay of nested biotic interactions and the abiotic environment regulates populations of a hypersymbiont
Authors: Mestre Alexandre , Poulin Robert , Holt Robert D. , Barfield Michael , Clamp John C. , Fernandez‐Leborans Gregorio , Mesquita‐Joanes Francesc 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

The role of biotic interactions in shaping the distribution and abundance of species should be particularly pronounced in symbionts. Indeed, symbionts have a dual niche composed of traits of their individual hosts and the abiotic environment external to the host, and often combine active dispersal at finer scales with host‐mediated dispersal at broader scales. The biotic complexity in the determinants of species distribution and abundance should be even more pronounced for hyper symbionts (symbionts of other symbionts).

We use a chain of symbiosis to explore the relative influence of nested biotic interactions and the abiotic environment on occupancy and abundance of a hypersymbiont.

Our empirical system is the epibiont ciliate Lagenophrys discoidea, which attaches to an ostracod that is itself ectosymbiotic on crayfish (the basal host). We applied multimodel selection and variance partitioning for GLMM to assess the relative importance of (a) traits of symbiotic hosts (ostracod sex and abundance), (b) traits of basal hosts (crayfish body weight, abundance and intermoult stage), (c) the abiotic environment (water chemistry and climate) and (d) geospatial autocorrelation patterns (capturing potential effects of crayfish dispersal among localities).

Our models explained about half of the variation in prevalence and abundance of the hypersymbiont. Variation in prevalence was partly explained, in decreasing order of importance (18%–4%) by shared effects of symbiotic host traits and the abiotic environment, pure fixed effects of symbiotic hosts, abiotic environment and geospatial patterns (traits of basal hosts were not relevant). Hypersymbiont abundance was most strongly explained by random effects of host traits (mainly the symbiotic host), in addition to weaker fixed effects (mostly abiotic environment).

Our results highlight the major role of the interplay between abundance of symbiotic hosts and water physico‐chemistry in regulating populations of a hypersymbiotic ciliate, which is likely critical for dispersal dynamics, availability of attachment resources and suitability of on‐host living conditions for the ciliate. We also found moderate signal of regulation by the basal host, for which we propose three mechanisms: (a) modulation of microhabitat suitability (crayfish‐created water currents); (b) concentration of symbiotic hosts within crayfish; and (c) dispersal mediated by crayfish.
Grey Power: Towards a Political Economy of Older Voters in the UK
Authors: Chrisp Joe , Pearce Nick 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe impact of age on voting behaviour and political outcomes has become an issue of increasing interest, particularly in the UK. Age divides in voter turnout and political preferences have led to claims that age is the ‘new class’. In this article, we contrast existing ‘cultural backlash’ and political economy explanations of the age divide in politics, and challenge the view that older people are predominantly ‘left behind’, culturally or economically. We show that older people have distinct material interests, related to housing wealth and pensions’ income, that are visible in their political preferences. We argue for the development of a new political economy of age.
Associated ileocaecal location is a marker for greater severity of low rectal endometriosis
Authors: Marcellin L , Leconte M , Gaujoux S , Santulli P , Borghese B , Chapron C , Dousset B 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo determine whether ileocaecal endometriosis (ICE) is a marker for low rectal endometriosis (LRE) severity.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingFrance.Population and sampleAnalysis of 375 colorectal resections performed in women undergoing complete surgery for LRE from January 1995 to December 2015 in a university centre for endometriosis.MethodsUnivariate and multivariate analysis of anatomical, postoperative clinical, and long‐term outcomes according to presence of ICE.Main outcomes and measuresMean number and type of deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) lesions, the existence of an associated endometrioma, and mean total American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) score.ResultsThe prevalence of ICE was 25.6%. Primary end‐point data showed that women with ICE had a significantly higher adjusted number of DIE lesions (OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.02–3.03; P = 0.048), higher prevalence of endometriomas (OR = 1.91, 95% CI 1.04–3.51; P = 0.044), more associated DIE sigmoid lesions (OR = 2.12, 95% CI 1.07–3.91; P = 0.025), and a higher mean total ASRM score (OR = 2.07, 95% CI 1.12–4.14; P = 0.025). Women with ICE resected during the surgical procedure for LRE did not have more adverse postoperative clinical outcomes than ICE‐negative patients.ConclusionIleocaecal endometriosis was significantly associated with greater LRE severity. In a complete surgical resection strategy, combining resection of ICE and LRE did not appear to increase postoperative rates of complications, morbidity or recurrence, nor did it seem to impair long‐term clinical outcomes.Tweetable abstractIn women with low rectal endometriosis, 25% have an associated ileocaecal location that is a marker for severity.
The Predominance of Psychrotrophic Pseudomonads on Aerobically Stored Chilled Red Meat
Authors: Wickramasinghe Nirmani N. , Ravensdale Joshua , Coorey Ranil , Chandry Scott P. , Dykes Gary A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMicrobial spoilage of meat during chilled aerobic storage causes significant financial losses to the industry. Even with modern day preservation techniques, spoilage remains an unsolved problem. Spoilage of meat is a complex process that involves the activity of endogenous enzymes and microorganisms. Psychrotrophic Pseudomonas species are the key microorganisms that cause spoilage in aerobically stored chilled meat. Spoilage pseudomonads are highly robust and able to withstand stressful environmental conditions that would otherwise inhibit the growth of other spoilage organisms. In order to implement efficient control measures, and to minimize spoilage, a thorough understanding of the characteristics of spoilage pseudomonads is essential. This review focuses on the spoilage process and the key metabolic attributes of the main psychrotrophic spoilage Pseudomonas species to explain their predominance on meat over other psychrotrophic bacteria. This review also highlights less studied, but important, characteristics of psychrotrophic pseudomonads such as biofilm formation and quorum sensing in the context of meat spoilage. The importance of the use of model systems that are closely applicable to the food industry is also discussed in detail.
EGFR T790M detection in formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissues of patients with lung cancer using RNA‐based in situ hybridization: A preliminary feasibility study
Authors: Wu Shafei , Shi Xiaohua , Si Xiaoyan , Liu Yuanyuan , Lu Tao , Zhang Li , Liang Zhiyong , Zeng Xuan 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundFollowing drug resistance in patients with lung cancer treated by EGFR TKIs, a biopsy is required to obtain sufficient cancer tissue for T790M detection in order to select potential beneficiaries suitable for third‐generation EGFR TKIs, such as osimertinib. The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility of using a new in situ analysis technique based on RNA target sequences to detect EGFR T790M in lung cancer.MethodsA total of 28 formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) samples from 24 lung adenocarcinoma patients archived in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 2015 to 2016 were collected. The BaseScope T790M detection technique by in situ hybridization on FFPE slides was used to analyze the mutation of EGFR T790M, and then the results were compared with the data acquired by Scorpions ARMS assay, which is the so‐called gold standard for EGFR gene mutation testing. The sensitivity and specificity of the BaseScope T790M detection technique were preliminarily evaluated.ResultsOf the 28 FFPE specimens, the average proportion of T790M‐positive cells was 35.78% ± 17.68% in 18 samples with EGFR T790M, confirmed by Scorpions ARMS assay, Compared with real‐time PCR assay, the sensitivity and specificity of BaseScope T790M were all 100% in our cohort.ConclusionBaseScope T790M assay could be completed on only one FFPE slide and the visualized molecular result overplayed with histomorphological information perfectly, so it may be the alternative method for EGFR T790M evaluation. BaseScope assay has potential clinical utility, and it will be necessary to carry out validation with a large number of cases.
Antagonism of Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus against Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus in zucchini and cucumber
Authors: Crespo Oscar , Robles Carmen , Ruiz Leticia , Janssen Dirk 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTomato leaf curl New Delhi begomovirus (ToLCNDV) (genus Begomovirus, family Begomoviridae) and Cucumber green mottle mosaic tobamovirus (CGMMV) (genus Tobamovirus, family Virgaviridae) cause diseases in cucurbit crops and are of increasing importance in many parts of the world. Both virus species belong to different families and have different modes of transmission, but share common hosts. We examined single and mixed infections of these viruses in cucumber and zucchini. Cucumber plants single‐infected with CGMMV and co‐infected with ToLCNDV, produced identical tobamovirus‐specific symptoms, and had reduced growth and number of fruits when compared with single ToLCNDV infections. Zucchini infected with CGMMV remained symptomless but when infected with ToLCNDV only, most developed severe begomovirus‐specific symptoms, and had reduced vegetative development and less fruits. Fewer zucchini plants with ToLCNDV co‐infected with CGMMV produced symptoms than those infected with ToLCNDV only. When inoculated with CGMMV, this tobamovirus accumulated at similar rates in single and mixed infections with ToLCNDV in cucumber as well as zucchini, whereas the begomovirus accumulated significantly less when co‐infected with CGMMV. The results suggest the existence of an antagonistic effect of CGMMV against ToLCNDV accumulation in cucumber. Such effect would also explain similar differences in viral loads, the vegetative and reproductive development, and the reduced symptom expression in zucchini.
Self serving reference points in double auctions
Authors: Ahmad Husnain Fateh 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe present a novel approach for modelling self serving bias by way of reference dependence. Bias is modelled as a systematic individual level deviation of the endogenous reference point from the expected price of a good in a two person k‐double auction. We find that bias decreases the efficiency of the model, and that efficiency is decreasing in both the level of bias and reference dependence.
Male sickle cell patients, compensated transpubertal hypogonadism and normal final growth
Authors: Martins Paulo Roberto Juliano , De Vito Fernanda Bernadelli , Resende Gláucia Aparecida Domingos , Kerbauy José , Pereira Gilberto de Araújo , Moraes‐Souza Helio , Figueiredo Maria Stella , Verreschi Ieda Therezinha 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveInvestigate the gonadal hormonal function in sickle cell individuals.ContextSickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with delayed physical and sexual development, and it has been related to both primary testicular failure and hypothalamo‐pituitary‐gonadal axis abnormalities.DesignThe study of the pituitary gonadotrophin reserve was done evaluating the hormonal levels before and after stimulation by gonadoliberin.PatientsMale patients with homozygous SCD (18‐39 years, median = 29.5 years).MeasurementsGonadal function was evaluated through clinical parameters and the hormonal quantification.ResultsAlthough low body weight and other clinical signs of undernutrition such as clinical hypoandrogenism and the extreme retardation of puberty were seen in these patients, final stature and hormonal testicular reserve to hCG stimulation were proved to be normal according to our previous data. In the present investigation, the basal luteotropic gonadotropin (LH), follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone (T) levels were similar between the patients and controls. Prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) levels—used as a biochemical marker of androgenicity, mainly in puberty—were lower in the patients than in the controls and were only correlated with T. A subtle abnormality in the pituitary responsivity to gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) was disclosed, with a higher response to LH 60 minutes after stimulation in patients than in controls.ConclusionsThese data, in addition to both the clinical and biochemical signs of hypoandrogenism associated with normal to elevated T levels strongly suggest a peripheral origin of hypogonadism, which is probably due to androgen resistance in the patients with SCD.
Impact of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers on renal and mortality outcomes in people with Type 2 diabetes and proteinuria
Authors: Coleman C. I. , Weeda E. R. , Kharat A. , Bookhart B. , Baker W. L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimTo assess the impact of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers on renal and mortality outcomes in people with Type 2 diabetes and proteinuria.MethodsA literature search up to 6 June 2019 was performed. We included randomized trials of ≥100 participants with Type 2 diabetes and micro‐ or macroalbuminuria comparing an angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker with placebo ± background anti‐hypertensives or non‐angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker‐containing anti‐hypertensives, which included follow‐up of ≥12 months. Endpoints included doubling of serum creatinine, end‐stage renal disease, all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality and progression and regression of proteinuria. A Hartung‐Knapp random‐effects model (between‐study variance calculated using the Paule‐Mandel estimator) producing a risk ratio with 95% confidence interval was employed.ResultsThe use of an angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker was not associated with a significant reduction in the risk of a doubling in serum creatinine (n = 7 trials, RR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.50–1.21). Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers reduced the risk of progressing to end‐stage renal disease (n = 8, RR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.75–0.83). No difference in all‐cause (n = 11, RR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.89–1.08) or cardiovascular mortality (n = 6 trials, RR = 1.08, 95% CI = 0.92–1.28), nor the composite outcome of doubling in serum creatinine, end‐stage renal disease or mortality (n = 3 trials, RR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.72–1.06), was observed. Progression of proteinuria was decreased with angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker use vs. control (n = 10, RR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.33–0.74). Regression of proteinuria was not improved with an angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (n = 11, RR = 1.55, 95% CI = 0.93–2.58).ConclusionAngiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers may reduce the risk of end‐stage renal disease and slow the progression of nephropathy, but they do not appear to decrease all‐cause or cardiovascular mortality in people with Type 2 diabetes and proteinuria.
The role of social and/or ecological contexts influences assessment strategy use in Tilapia
Authors: Stienecker Sara L. , Jackson Kelly M. , Moore Paul A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAnimals engage in costly agonistic contests during which winners procure resources. During these interactions, the combatants obtain and use information to make decisions on whether to persist or to withdraw from the fight, which is termed assessment. Recent theory and work have suggested that the types of assessment employed may be more variable than previously thought, with the use of different strategies possibly being influenced by social and ecological conditions during priming. This study addresses the contextual components (social and ecological) that affect the utilization of one assessment strategy over another. Male tilapia were primed with different combinations of social (large and small animals) and ecological (resource rich or poor) contexts 24 hr prior to fighting in staged, dyadic contests. When opponents were primed with the same context, a clear assessment strategy emerged and differed as a function of priming treatment. Conversely, when fish were primed with different treatment contexts, there was no discernible assessment. In addition, priming conditions had differing effects for large and small fish. Thus, assessment strategies in cichlids are dependent upon a combination of social, ecological contexts and size of the animal. Since assessment strategies change as a function of both of these contexts, as well as others, future framework investigating assessment strategies should include both intrinsic and extrinsic factors that may shape fighting dynamics.