bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inclusion and exclusion errors in the targeted supplementary feeding programme of Ethiopia
Authors: Gebremedhin Samson , Bekele Tilahun , Retta Negusse 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEthiopia's targeted supplementary feeding (TSF) programme aims to rehabilitate moderately malnourished children and pregnant and lactating women in selected chronically food‐insecure districts. Screening for malnutrition is made by health extension workers through the quarterly community health days (CHD) events based on mid‐upper arm circumference (MUAC) thresholds. This validation study examined the extent of targeting errors of inclusion (providing aid to the nonneedy) and exclusion (failure to reach the needy) in the TSF programme, among preschool children in 6 TSF districts. The study was conducted within 7 days after the completion of the CHD event. Multistage cluster sampling was employed to recruit 1,104 children. Data were collected using interviewer‐administered questionnaire and by reviewing CHD registers. A paired t test was used to compare the MUAC measurements taken during the CHD and during the survey. The study found a global acute malnutrition prevalence of 13.0%. During the CHD, only 54.8% of the children were screened for malnutrition. The overall inclusion and exclusion errors of the TSF were 16.5% and 40.3%, respectively. The reasons for the exclusion errors were low coverage of the screening programme (67.2%) and MUAC measurement errors (32.8%). The mean including standard deviation (M ± SD) of the MUAC measured by health extension workers (11.8 ± 0.9 cm) was significantly lower than the measurements made by fieldworkers in the survey (12.1 ± 1.0 cm; p < .001). The study concluded that high targeting errors are committed in the TSF programme of Ethiopia. Targeting can be enhanced through accurate measurement of MUAC and maximization of the coverage of the screening programme.
Left ventricular apical aneurysm in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy as a risk factor for sudden death at any age
Authors: Rowin Ethan J. , Maron Barry J. , Chokshi Aalap , Maron Martin S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) aging has proved protective against sudden death (SD) risk and aggressive recommendations for prophylactic ICDs are uncommon in patients ≥60 years. Nevertheless, we present a patient with an unexpected but aborted sudden death event at the advanced age of 71 years due to a left ventricular apical aneurysm (LVAA) which has emerged as a novel SD marker. Subsequent reappraisal of the Tufts HCM database, specifically the 118 LVAA patients, showed that 36% of SD events occurred at ≥60 years. Of HCM patients ≥ 60 years, SD was 8‐fold more common with aneurysm than without aneurysms (16% vs 2%; P < 0.001). Risk in HCM with LVAA persists throughout life and senior LVAA patients should also be considered for primary prevention of SD with the ICD.
Just‐in‐time response to reward as a function of ADHD symptom severity
Authors: Pretus Clara , Picado Marisol , Ramos‐Quiroga Josep Antoni , Carmona Susana , Richarte Vanesa , Fauquet Jordi , Vilarroya Óscar 
Published: June 2018

AimAttention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) neuroimaging studies have identified substantial differences in reward‐related circuits on a trial‐by‐trial basis. However, no research to date has evaluated the effect of motivational context on neural activity in settings with intermittent reward in ADHD. The present study was designed to identify neural processes underlying both immediate effects of reward and sustained effects of reward associated with motivational context in adult ADHD patients.MethodsWe used a functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigm, including a time estimation task with constant versus intermittent reward conditions, in a sample of 21 medication‐naïve adults with combined ADHD and 24 healthy adults.ResultsAlthough no between‐group neural differences were detected, orbitofrontal activity dropped in association with high ADHD symptom severity during the transition from initial non‐reward context blocks to subsequent reward context blocks. In turn, ADHD symptom severity predicted higher orbitofrontal activity in response to immediate reward versus no reward within reward context blocks.ConclusionThese results suggest that high ADHD symptom severity scorers adopted a ‘just‐in‐time’ strategy, involving the recruitment of reward processing brain areas in the face of immediate reward rather than a sustained response to motivational context.
Kawasaki disease shock syndrome: Unique and severe subtype of Kawasaki disease
Authors: Gamez‐Gonzalez Luisa Berenise , Moribe‐Quintero Isabel , Cisneros‐Castolo Martin , Varela‐Ortiz Javier , Muñoz‐Ramírez Mireya , Garrido‐García Martin , Yamazaki‐Nakashimada Marco 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundKawasaki disease shock syndrome (KDSS) is an uncommon presentation of Kawasaki disease (KD). KDSS has been associated with more severe markers of inflammation, coronary abnormalities and i.v. immunoglobulin (IVIG) resistance.MethodsA retrospective, descriptive study of children with KDSS in two hospitals was performed. Relevant articles about KD and shock were collected, and demographic data, clinical presentation, laboratory variables, echocardiogram findings, treatment and special features were analyzed when available. Twelve patients diagnosed with KDSS were retrospectively reviewed from two centers in Mexico, along with 91 additional cases from the literature.ResultsSeventy‐two patients presented with complete KD (69.9%), and 30.1% (31/103) had unusual KD manifestations. The most frequent diagnosis at the time of admission was toxic shock syndrome (TSS; n = 20). Sixteen of the 20 had coronary artery abnormalities. Overall, abnormalities in the coronary arteries were documented in 65% of the patients. The mortality rate was 6.8%.ConclusionThe presence of coronary aneurysms was significantly and positively correlated with male gender, IVIG resistance, inotrope treatment, cardiac failure, abdominal pain and neurological symptoms. IVIG‐resistant patients had higher neutrophil : lymphocyte ratio. Abdominal symptoms, hypoalbuminemia and elevated C‐reactive protein were present in almost all of the patients. Multisystem involvement with atypical presentation in KDSS is frequent. An important differential diagnosis is TSS. Mechanical ventilation, gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms were associated with IVIG resistance and the presence of coronary aneurysms. The first line of treatment includes IVIG and pulse corticosteroids; in severe cases, infliximab, anakinra, cyclosporine or plasmapheresis are alternative treatment options.
Increased incidence of chronic actinic dermatitis in relation to climate changes and air pollution during the past 15 years in Korea
Authors: Kim Ho‐Jin , Kim Ki‐Ho 
Published: June 2018

SummaryBackgroundChronic actinic dermatitis (CAD) develops in seasons where there is high sun exposure, such as summer, and can persistent throughout the year in severely affected cases. The authors noted that CAD prevalence increased in relation to climate changes and air pollutants.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 294 patients with newly diagnosed CAD between December 2000 and November 2016. We investigated the annual trend of sun hours, humidity, and ground‐level ozone and respirable particles (PM10) in Pusan, Korea; correlations between climate change and/or air pollution and the incidence of patient with CAD were analyzed.ResultsThe incidence of patients with CAD apparently increased annually during the period of the study. The majority of patients presented in summer. Pearson's correlation analysis showed an increasing tendency of CAD occurrence to be correlated with sun hours (R = .706, P = .002), ground‐level ozone (R = .542, P = .03), and mean air humidity (R = .608, P = .012). Inversely, PM10 showed a negative correlation with CAD occurrence (R = −.713, P = .002). The correlations identified by multiple regression analysis showed a strong positive association between the incidence of CAD and sun hours (P = .029) and a negative association between the incidence of CAD and PM10 (P = .027) (adjusted R2 = .778).ConclusionThe increased incidence of CAD may be related to sun hours and inversely related to PM10.
Effect of UV‐B radiation on the content of UV‐B absorbing compounds and photosynthetic parameters in Parmotrema austrosinense from two contrasting habitats
Authors: Barták M. , Pláteníková E. , Carreras H. , Hájek J. , Morkusová J. , Mateos A. C. , Marečková M. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

We studied the resistance of Parmotrema austrosinense to UV‐B stress. We focused on the effects of a high dose UV‐B radiation on the content of chlorophylls, carotenoids and UV‐B screening compounds.

Photosynthetic parameters were measured by chlorophyll fluorescence (potential and effective quantum yields, photochemical and non‐photochemical quenching) and evaluated in control and UV‐B‐treated lichens. Lichens from two different locations in Cordoba, Argentina, were selected: (i) high altitude and dry plots at (Los Gigantes) and (ii) lowland high salinity plots (Salinas Grandes).

UV‐B treatment led to a decrease in the content of photosynthetic pigments and UV‐B screens (absorbance decrease in 220–350 nm) in the samples from Salinas Grandes, while in Los Gigantes samples, an increase in UV‐B screen content was observed. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters showed a UV‐B‐induced decline in FV/FM, ΦPSII and qP indicating limitation of primary photosynthetic processes in photosystem II (PSII) of symbiotic alga, more pronounced in Salinas Grandes samples. Protective mechanism of PSII were activated by the UV‐B treatment to a higher extent in samples from Salinas Grandes (NPQ 0.48) than in Los Gigantes samples (NPQ 0.26).

We concluded that site‐related characteristics, and in particular different UV‐B radiation regimen, had a strong effect on resistance of the photosynthetic apparatus of P. austrosinense to UV‐B radiation.
A Qualitative Investigation of Young Female Dancers’ Use of Imagery
Authors: Muir Irene , Munroe-Chandler Krista J. , Loughead Todd 
Published: June 2018

Although dancers have noted using imagery to mentally rehearse a routine, understand and reinforce movement, inspire strong emotions, and lower arousal levels, this finding is specific to adult dancers, overlooking imagery use with young dancers. The current study qualitatively examined the 4 Ws of imagery use (where, when, what, and why) with female dancers 7–14 years of age. Twenty-three female dancers (Mage = 10.43,SD = 2.19) from various dance styles participated in 1 of 4 focus-group discussions. Thematic analysis revealed findings similar to those identified in the domains of both adult dance and children’s sport. There were, however, findings emerging from the current study specific to young female dancers. These findings are provided, in addition to practical implications for dance instructors.
Genomic Insight into Symbiosis-Induced Insect Color Change by a Facultative Bacterial Endosymbiont, “
Candidatus
Rickettsiella viridis”
Authors: Nikoh Naruo , Tsuchida Tsutomu , Maeda Taro , Yamaguchi Katsushi , Shigenobu Shuji , Koga Ryuichi , Fukatsu Takema 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT

Members of the genus
Rickettsiella
are bacterial pathogens of insects and other arthropods. Recently, a novel facultative endosymbiont, “
Candidatus
Rickettsiella viridis,” was described in the pea aphid
Acyrthosiphon pisum
, whose infection causes a striking host phenotype: red and green genetic color morphs exist in aphid populations, and upon infection with the symbiont, red aphids become green due to increased production of green polycyclic quinone pigments. Here we determined the complete genome sequence of the symbiont. The 1.6-Mb circular genome, harboring some 1,400 protein-coding genes, was similar to the genome of entomopathogenic
Rickettsiella grylli
(1.6 Mb) but was smaller than the genomes of phylogenetically allied human pathogens
Coxiella burnetii
(2.0 Mb) and
Legionella pneumophila
(3.4 Mb). The symbiont’s metabolic pathways exhibited little complementarity to those of the coexisting primary symbiont
Buchnera aphidicola
, reflecting the facultative nature of the symbiont. The symbiont genome harbored neither polyketide synthase genes nor the evolutionarily allied fatty acid synthase genes that are suspected to catalyze the polycyclic quinone synthesis, indicating that the green pigments are produced not by the symbiont but by the host aphid. The symbiont genome retained many type IV secretion system genes and presumable effector protein genes, whose homologues in
L. pneumophila
were reported to modulate a variety of the host's cellular processes for facilitating infection and virulence. These results suggest the possibility that the symbiont is involved in the green pigment production by affecting the host’s metabolism using the secretion machineries for delivering the effector molecules into the host cells.

IMPORTANCE
Insect body color is relevant to a variety of biological aspects such as species recognition, sexual selection, mimicry, aposematism, and crypsis. Hence, the bacterial endosymbiont “
Candidatus
Rickettsiella viridis,” which alters aphid body color from red to green, is of ecological interest, given that different predators preferentially exploit either red- or green-colored aphids. Here we determined the complete 1.6-Mb genome of the symbiont and uncovered that, although the red-green color transition was ascribed to upregulated production of green polycyclic quinone pigments, the symbiont genome harbored few genes involved in the polycyclic quinone biosynthesis. Meanwhile, the symbiont genome contained type IV secretion system genes and presumable effector protein genes, whose homologues modulate eukaryotic cellular processes for facilitating infection and virulence in the pathogen
Legionella pneumophila
. We propose the hypothesis that the symbiont may upregulate the host’s production of polycyclic quinone pigments via cooption of secretion machineries and effector molecules for pathogenicity.
Aberrant FGFR Tyrosine Kinase Signaling Enhances the Warburg Effect by Reprogramming LDH Isoform Expression and Activity in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Liu Junchen , Chen Guo , Liu Zezhen , Liu Shaoyou , Cai Zhiduan , You Pan , Ke Yuepeng , Lai Li , Huang Yun , Gao Hongchang , Zhao Liangcai , Pelicano Helene , Huang Peng , McKeehan Wallace L. , Wu Chin-Lee , Wang Cong , Zhong Weide , Wang Fen 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The acquisition of ectopic fibroblast growthfactor receptor 1 (FGFR1) expression is well documented in prostate cancer progression. How it contributes to prostate cancer progression is not fully understood, although it is known to confer a growth advantage and promote cell survival. Here, we report that FGFR1 tyrosine kinase reprograms the energy metabolism of prostate cancer cells by regulating the expression of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isozymes. FGFR1 increased LDHA stability through tyrosine phosphorylation and reduced LDHB expression by promoting its promoter methylation, thereby shifting cell metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis. LDHA depletion compromised, whereas LDHB depletion enhanced the tumorigenicity of prostate cancer cells. Furthermore, FGFR1 overexpression and aberrant LDH isozyme expression were associated with short overall survival and biochemical recurrence times in patients with prostate cancer. Our results indicate that ectopic FGFR1 expression reprograms the energy metabolism of prostate cancer cells, representing a hallmark change in prostate cancer progression.
Significance: FGF signaling drives the Warburg effect through differential regulation of LDHA and LDHB, thereby promoting the progression of prostate cancer.
Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/78/16/4459/F1.large.jpg. Cancer Res; 78(16); 4459–70. ©2018 AACR.
Licofelone Enhances the Efficacy of Paclitaxel in Ovarian Cancer by Reversing Drug Resistance and Tumor Stem-like Properties
Authors: Hirst Jeff , Pathak Harsh B. , Hyter Stephen , Pessetto Ziyan Y. , Ly Thuc , Graw Stefan , Koestler Devin C. , Krieg Adam J. , Roby Katherine F. , Godwin Andrew K. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Drug development for first-line treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has been stagnant for almost three decades. Traditional cell culture methods for primary drug screening do not always accurately reflect clinical disease. To overcome this barrier, we grew a panel of EOC cell lines in three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures to form multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS). We characterized these MCTS for molecular and cellular features of EOC and performed a comparative screen with cells grown using two-dimensional (2D) cell culture to identify previously unappreciated anticancer drugs. MCTS exhibited greater resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, showed signs of senescence and hypoxia, and expressed a number of stem cell–associated transcripts including ALDH1A and CD133, also known as PROM1. Using a library of clinically repurposed drugs, we identified candidates with preferential activity in MCTS over 2D cultured cells. One of the lead compounds, the dual COX/LOX inhibitor licofelone, reversed the stem-like properties of ovarian MCTS. Licofelone also synergized with paclitaxel in ovarian MCTS models and in a patient-derived tumor xenograft model. Importantly, the combination of licofelone with paclitaxel prolonged the median survival of mice (&gt;141 days) relative to paclitaxel (115 days), licofelone (37 days), or vehicle (30 days). Increased efficacy was confirmed by Mantel–Haenszel HR compared with vehicle (HR = 0.037) and paclitaxel (HR = 0.017). These results identify for the first time an unappreciated, anti-inflammatory drug that can reverse chemotherapeutic resistance in ovarian cancer, highlighting the need to clinically evaluate licofelone in combination with first-line chemotherapy in primary and chemotherapy-refractory EOC.
Significance: This study highlights the use of an in vitro spheroid 3D drug screening model to identify new therapeutic approaches to reverse chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer. Cancer Res; 78(15); 4370–85. ©2018 AACR.
A Rare Variant P507L in TPP1 Interrupts TPP1–TIN2 Interaction, Influences Telomere Length, and Confers Colorectal Cancer Risk in Chinese Population
Authors: Li Jiaoyuan , Chang Jiang , Tian Jianbo , Ke Juntao , Zhu Ying , Yang Yang , Gong Yajie , Zou Danyi , Peng Xiating , Yang Nan , Mei Shufang , Wang Xiaoyang , Cheng Liming , Hu Weiguo , Gong Jing , Zhong Rong , Miao Xiaoping 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Background: Telomere dysfunction triggers cellular senescence and constitutes a driving force for cancer initiation. Genetic variants in genes involved in telomere maintenance may contribute to colorectal cancer susceptibility.
Methods: In this study, we firstly captured germline mutations in 192 patients with colorectal cancer by sequencing the coding regions of 13 core components implicated in telomere biology. Five potential functional variants were then genotyped and assessed in a case–control set with 3,761 colorectal cancer cases and 3,839 healthy controls. The promising association was replicated in additional 6,765 cases and 6,906 controls. Functional experiments were used to further clarify the potential function of the significant variant and uncover the underlying mechanism in colorectal cancer development.
Results: The two-stage association studies showed that a rare missense variant rs149418249 (c.C1520T and p.P507L) in the 11th exon of TPP1 (also known as ACD, gene ID 65057) was significantly associated with colorectal cancer risk with the ORs being 2.90 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04–8.07; P = 0.041], 2.50 (95% CI, 1.04–6.04; P = 0.042), and 2.66 (95% CI, 1.36–5.18; P = 0.004) in discovery, replication, and the combined samples, respectively. Further functional annotation indicated that the TPP1 P507L substitution interrupted TPP1–TIN2 interaction, impaired telomerase processivity, and shortened telomere length, which subsequently facilitated cell proliferation and promoted colorectal cancer development.
Conclusions: A rare variant P507L in TPP1 confers increased risk of colorectal cancer through interrupting TPP1–TIN2 interaction, impairing telomerase processivity, and shrinking telomere length.
Impact: These findings emphasize the important role of telomere dysfunction in colorectal cancer development, and provide new insights about the prevention of this type of cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(9); 1029–35. ©2018 AACR.
МЕТОДОЛОГІЯ ВИКЛАДАННЯ ГАСТРОЕНТЕРОЛОГІЇ СТУДЕНТАМ З АНГЛОМОВНОЮ ФОРМОЮ НАВЧАННЯ НА КАФЕДРІ ВНУТРІШНЬОЇ МЕДИЦИНИ № 2
Authors: Lykhatska H. V. 
Published: June 2018

Мета роботи − вивчити методологію викладання гастроентерології англомовним студентам на кафедрі внутрішньої медицини № 2.Основна частина. На кафедрі внутрішньої медицини № 2 проходять навчання іноземні студенти. Під час проведення практичного заняття викладач використовує індивідуальний підхід до кожного студента. Вивчення нового матеріалу відбувається у формі дискусії. Для цього використовуються навчальні фільми, мультимедійні презентації тощо. Одним з основних методів контролю знань студентів є тестування. Крім оволодіння теоретичними знаннями, студент аналізує клінічну картину захворювання безпосередньо біля ліжка хворого. На циклі гастроентерології студенти розпізнають основні симптоми і синдроми при захворюваннях органів травлення, ознайомлюються з методами дослідження в гастроентерології, а також самостійно трактують результати проведених досліджень. На лекціях студенти фіксують лекційний матеріал. Ми дійшли висновку, що при поясненні матеріалу потрібно використовувати англійську термінологію, дублюючи її латинською та українською. Основний лекційний матеріал краще подавати у вигляді логічних схем та таблиць з мінімальним текстовим навантаженням. Викладачі кафедри активно залучають англомовних студентів до участі у всеукраїнських конкурсах студентських наукових робіт. У цьому році наші студенти зайняли два призові місця у галузі “Гастроентерологія” на міжнародних медичних конгресах студентів та молодих учених. Колективом кафедри видано два англомовних підручники з основ внутрішньої медицини, що включають розділ з гастроентерології.Висновки. 1. Динамічне забезпечення педагогічного процесу новітніми інформаційними технологіями, систематичне оновлення навчальних матеріалів, включаючи стендові і тестові завдання, сприяють постійному підвищенню компетенції майбутніх професіоналів. 2. Якісна підготовка англомовних студентів з гастроентерології вимагає заходів з узагальнення здобутого теоретичного та клінічного матеріалу, формування у студента практичних навичок.