bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extravascular Blood Augments Myogenic Constriction of Cerebral Arterioles: Implications for Hemorrhage‐Induced Vasospasm
Authors: Deng Wensheng , Kandhi Sharath , Zhang Bin , Huang An , Koller Akos , Sun Dong 
Published: April 2018

Background
Subarachnoid hemorrhage is a serious clinical condition that impairs local cerebral blood flow perfusion and consequently initiates neuronal dysfunction. Pressure‐sensitive myogenic vasomotor regulation is an important mechanism involved in the regulation of cerebral blood flow. We hypothesized that extravascular hemolyzed blood enhances arteriolar myogenic constriction, which in vivo may contribute to the reduction of local cerebral blood flow after subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Methods and Results

Arterioles isolated from the middle cerebral artery (
MCA
arterioles) of mice were cannulated in a perfusion chamber. Arteriolar diameters in response to step increases in intraluminal pressure (20–120 mm Hg) were measured in various experimental conditions. In response to increases in intraluminal pressure, all
MCA
arterioles exhibited myogenic vasoconstrictions. Compared with controls, the pressure‐induced constriction was significantly enhanced in arterioles (in vitro) exposed to extravascular hemolyzed blood or different concentrations of extracellular erythrocyte lysate (1%, 10%, and 20%) for different exposure durations (1–6 hours). The magnitude of enhancement was proportional to the lysate concentration and exposure duration. In in vivo experiments, 10 μL of autologous blood lysate were injected into the mouse subarachnoid space on the surface of the left
MCA
. Two hours later,
MCA
arterioles were isolated and left
MCA
arterioles displayed enhanced myogenic responses compared with the right
MCA
. The enhanced myogenic response was prevented by scavenge of superoxide in both in vitro and in vivo experiments.

Conclusions
Extravascular hemolyzed blood, perhaps by promoting vascular production of superoxide, augments myogenic constriction of cerebral arterioles, which plays a crucial role in the subarachnoid hemorrhage–induced cerebral ischemia.
A Theory of Sequence Indexing and Working Memory in Recurrent Neural Networks
Authors: Frady E. Paxon , Kleyko Denis , Sommer Friedrich T. 
Published: April 2018

To accommodate structured approaches of neural computation, we propose a class of recurrent neural networks for indexing and storing sequences of symbols or analog data vectors. These networks with randomized input weights and orthogonal recurrent weights implement coding principles previously described in vector symbolic architectures (VSA) and leverage properties of reservoir computing. In general, the storage in reservoir computing is lossy, and crosstalk noise limits the retrieval accuracy and information capacity. A novel theory to optimize memory performance in such networks is presented and compared with simulation experiments. The theory describes linear readout of analog data and readout with winner-take-all error correction of symbolic data as proposed in VSA models. We find that diverse VSA models from the literature have universal performance properties, which are superior to what previous analyses predicted. Further, we propose novel VSA models with the statistically optimal Wiener filter in the readout that exhibit much higher information capacity, in particular for storing analog data. The theory we present also applies to memory buffers, networks with gradual forgetting, which can operate on infinite data streams without memory overflow. Interestingly, we find that different forgetting mechanisms, such as attenuating recurrent weights or neural nonlinearities, produce very similar behavior if the forgetting time constants are matched. Such models exhibit extensive capacity when their forgetting time constant is optimized for given noise conditions and network size. These results enable the design of new types of VSA models for the online processing of data streams.
The Evolution and Impact of a Meteorological Outreach Program for Public Safety Officials: An Update on the Oklahoma Mesonet’s OK-First Program
Authors: Hocker James E. , Melvin Andrea D. , Kloesel Kevin A. , Fiebrich Christopher A. , Hill Robert W. , Smith Richard D. , Piltz Steven F. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSince 1997, the Oklahoma Mesonet (the state’s automated mesoscale weather station network) has served a community of more than 1,400 public safety officials (emergency managers, fire officials, law enforcement, etc.) across Oklahoma through a weather data and training program called Oklahoma’s First-Response Information Resource System using Telecommunications (OK-First). OK-First provides free weather and radar data interpretation classes to eligible public safety officials and, following successful completion of training, password-protected access to weather data tools including a website and software. The objective of OK-First when it began was to fill significant gaps in weather product training and data access for Oklahoma’s public safety community. Though the core mission remains the same 20 years later, many aspects of OK-First have evolved over time, including participant membership, training curriculum, formats of training, training requirements, website and software technology, and program feedback. The purpose of this paper is to provide an update on the Mesonet’s OK-First program, with a particular focus on training, tools, and the impact it has had on the public safety community.
Input–Output Table for India 2013–2014: Based on the New Series of National Accounts Statistics and Supply and the Use Table
Authors: Singh Kanhaiya , Saluja M.R. 
Published: April 2018

In our study, we attempt to produce a more up-to-date input–output (I-O) table for India based on the supply and use table (SUT) of the economy and the new series of National Accounts Statistics (NAS). The resulting table has been used to estimate output multipliers for 25 sectors, and these have been compared with multipliers from the last set of I-O officially estimated for the country in 2007–2008. A key difference between the two sets of tables is the inclusion of inputs in the public administration sector in the more recent one, as a result of which the Type-I multiplier of this sector is greater than one in the latter table compared to one in the former. For the same reason, the Type-II multipliers obtained from the 2013–2014 I-O table are broadly higher than those obtained from the 2007–2008 I-O table. Validation has also been done by comparing gross value added (GVA) as a basic price obtained from the national accounts data for 2013–2014 with the GVA arrived at from the constructed I-O table. JEL Classification: C-67, E01
Subphenotyping and Classification of Cleft Lip and Alveolus in Adult Unoperated Patients
Authors: Vermeij-Keers Christl , Rozendaal Anna M. , Luijsterburg Antonius J. M. , Latief Benny S. , Lekkas Costas , Kragt Lea , Ongkosuwito Edwin M. 
Published: April 2018

Objective:Previously, a new embryological classification was introduced subdividing oral clefts into fusion and/or differentiation defects. This subdivision was used to classify all subphenotypes of cleft lip with or without alveolus (CL±A). Subsequently, it was investigated whether further morphological grading of incomplete CLs is clinically relevant, and which alveolar part is deficient in fusion/differentiation defects.Design:Observational cohort study.Setting:Three hundred fifty adult unoperated Indonesian cleft patients presented themselves for operation. Cephalograms, dental casts, and intraoral and extraoral photographs—eligible for the present study—were used to determine morphological severity of CL±A.Patients:Patients with unilateral or bilateral clefts of the primary palate only were included.Main Outcome Measures:Clefts were classified—according to developmental mechanisms and timing in embryogenesis—as fusion and/or differentiation defects. Grades of incomplete CLs were related to the severity of alveolar clefts (CAs) and hypoplasia, and permanent dentition was used to investigate which alveolar part is deficient in fusion/differentiation defects.Results:One hundred eight adult patients were included. All subphenotypes—96 unilateral and 12 bilateral clefts—could be classified into differentiation (79%), fusion (17%), fusion-differentiation (2%), or fusion and differentiation (2%) defects. The various grades of incomplete CLs were related to associated CAs and hypoplasia, and all alveolar deformities were located in the premaxillae.Conclusions:This study showed that all CL±A including the Simonart bands can be classified, that further morphological grading of incomplete CLs is clinically relevant, and that the premaxilla forms the deficient part in alveolar deformities.
Teachers’ Perspectives on the Impact of Cleft Lip and/or Palate During the School Years
Authors: Stock Nicola Marie , Ridley Matthew , Guest Ella 
Published: April 2018

Background: Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) poses many challenges for those affected throughout the school years, with recent studies pointing to a trend in poor educational outcomes. Previous research has highlighted the important role that teachers play in supporting young people with chronic health conditions yet studies in the field of CL/P suggest that teachers may lack knowledge of the condition, and underestimate pupils’ academic ability. Qualitative investigation of the impact of CL/P from the teacher’s perspective may provide additional insight as well as potential suggestions for improving the school experience for affected pupils. Methods: Twenty UK preschool, primary, and secondary school teachers with experience of teaching pupils with CL/P completed an open-ended survey, eliciting qualitative data. Results: Qualitative content analysis was performed. Data were presented under 5 key headings: Knowledge of CL/P and its effects, perceived impact of CL/P on education, teachers’ training needs, delivery of training, and impact of CL/P on teachers. Teachers were able to identify a number of potential social, emotional, and treatment-related challenges within the school setting, yet did not believe that CL/P would have a long-term impact on pupils’ educational achievement. Participating teachers reported that cleft-specific training and access to relevant resources would be highly beneficial. Conclusions: Acting as a platform for future research, this exploratory study provides insight into the challenges faced by teachers and offers suggestions for how to improve teachers’ understanding of CL/P, and their confidence in dealing with cleft-related issues.
Repair of TEVAR-Associated Type A Dissection in the Elderly Is Possible With Reasonable Morbidity and Mortality
Authors: Kornberger Angela , Petar Risteski , El Beyrouti Hazem , Khalil Mahmud , Burck Iris , Halloum Nancy , Beiras-Fernandez Andres , Vahl Christian-Friedrich 
Published: April 2018

Background: Type A aortic dissection (AAD) is a devastating complication of thoracic endovascular repair (TEVAR). In elderly patients, surgery for AAD carries considerable morbidity and mortality. Repair of AAD after previous TEVAR is an even greater challenge as it usually requires the arch to be addressed and a preexisting stent graft to be included into the aortic repair. Methods: A case series of 5 elderly patients who presented with acute AAD after previous TEVAR was reviewed. In 4 cases, there was retrograde AAD with involvement of the arch and stent graft. In 1 patient, intraoperative inspection showed no involvement of the arch. Three underwent ascending and subtotal arch replacement in moderate hypothermic circulatory arrest with selective cerebral perfusion. In 1 case, concomitant tricuspid valve repair was performed. The patient without involvement of the arch underwent emergent replacement of the ascending aorta in deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, and in the oldest, aged 88 years, surgery was limited to wrapping of the ascending aorta as an on-pump beating salvage procedure. Results: Four (80%) of 5 patients survived and were discharged after an intensive care unit stay of 17.45 ± 15.98 days and a hospital stay of 26.0 ± 10.98 days. Mortality was 20%. All survivors were discharged with appropriate rehabilitation potential and without lasting neurological disabilities.
Blood Transfusion During Total Ankle Arthroplasty Is Associated With Increased In-Hospital Complications and Costs
Authors: Ewing Michael A. , Huntley Samuel R. , Baker Dustin K. , Smith Kenneth S. , Hudson Parke W. , McGwin Gerald , Ponce Brent A. , Johnson Michael D. 
Published: April 2018

Introduction. Total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) is an increasingly used, effective treatment for end-stage ankle arthritis. Although numerous studies have associated blood transfusion with complications following hip and knee arthroplasty, its effects following TAA are largely unknown. This study uses data from a large, nationally representative database to estimate the association between blood transfusion and inpatient complications and hospital costs following TAA. Methods. Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from 2004 to 2014, 25 412 patients who underwent TAA were identified, with 286 (1.1%) receiving a blood transfusion. Univariate analysis assessed patient and hospital factors associated with blood transfusion following TAA. Results. Patients requiring blood transfusion were more likely to be female, African American, Medicare recipients, and treated in nonteaching hospitals. Average length of stay for patients following transfusion was 3.0 days longer, while average inpatient cost was increased by approximately 50%. Patients who received blood transfusion were significantly more likely to suffer from congestive heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, hypothyroidism, coagulation disorder, or anemia. Acute renal failure was significantly more common among patients receiving blood transfusion ( P < .001). Conclusion. Blood transfusions following TAA are infrequent and are associated with multiple medical comorbidities, increased complications, longer hospital stays, and increased overall cost. Levels of Evidence: Level III: Retrospective, comparative study
Role of Frailty Scoring in the Assessment of Perioperative Mortality in Surgical Management of Tuberculous Spondylodiscitis in the Elderly
Authors: Shah Kunal , Kothari Manish , Nene Abhay 
Published: April 2018

Study Design: Retrospective study. Objectives: Treatment of spinal tuberculosis in the elderly involves consideration of compromised physiology, which often poses a clinical challenge to the surgeons to balance surgical safety versus deteriorating function. Frailty scoring has been reported as an effective tool to predict mortality and morbidity in cardiovascular surgery and recently in hip fractures. Its use in spinal surgery is scarcely reported. Methods: We included elderly patients operated for spinal tuberculosis. Demographic, clinical and radiological profile with operative details of instrumentation, blood loss, surgical duration and mortality were noted. Modified frailty score (MFS) was calculated for each patient. There were 26 patients (males 9, females 17) with a mean age of 73.2 years. The patients were divided into those with 30-day postoperative mortality (M) and those who survived (S). The null hypothesis was that the MFS was comparable in both the groups. Results: The M group had 5 patients (19.2%) and the S group consisted of 21 patients. There was no statistical difference between the groups with regard to mean age, sex, number of medical comorbidities, ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) grade, Frankel grade C or worse, blood loss, and operative time. The mean MFS in M group was 5 and in S group was 1.8, which was statistically significant ( P < .001). Conclusions: Higher MFS is associated with postoperative 30-day mortality in the elderly patients with spinal tuberculosis undergoing surgery. It can be used as a guide to predict 30-day postoperative mortality in these patients.
Exposure to the gut microbiota drives distinct methylome and transcriptome changes in intestinal epithelial cells during postnatal development
Authors: Pan Wei-Hung , Sommer Felix , Falk-Paulsen Maren , Ulas Thomas , Best Lena , Fazio Antonella , Kachroo Priyadarshini , Luzius Anne , Jentzsch Marlene , Rehman Ateequr , Müller Fabian , Lengauer Thomas , Walter Jörn , Künzel Sven , Baines John F. , Schreiber Stefan , Franke Andre , Schultze Joachim L. , Bäckhed Fredrik , Rosenstiel Philip 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background
The interplay of epigenetic processes and the intestinal microbiota may play an important role in intestinal development and homeostasis. Previous studies have established that the microbiota regulates a large proportion of the intestinal epithelial transcriptome in the adult host, but microbial effects on DNA methylation and gene expression during early postnatal development are still poorly understood. Here, we sought to investigate the microbial effects on DNA methylation and the transcriptome of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) during postnatal development.

Methods
We collected IECs from the small intestine of each of five 1-, 4- and 12 to 16-week-old mice representing the infant, juvenile, and adult states, raised either in the presence or absence of a microbiota. The DNA methylation profile was determined using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) and the epithelial transcriptome by RNA sequencing using paired samples from each individual mouse to analyze the link between microbiota, gene expression, and DNA methylation.

Results
We found that microbiota-dependent and -independent processes act together to shape the postnatal development of the transcriptome and DNA methylation signatures of IECs. The bacterial effect on the transcriptome increased over time, whereas most microbiota-dependent DNA methylation differences were detected already early after birth. Microbiota-responsive transcripts could be attributed to stage-specific cellular programs during postnatal development and regulated gene sets involved primarily immune pathways and metabolic processes. Integrated analysis of the methylome and transcriptome data identified 126 genomic loci at which coupled differential DNA methylation and RNA transcription were associated with the presence of intestinal microbiota. We validated a subset of differentially expressed and methylated genes in an independent mouse cohort, indicating the existence of microbiota-dependent “functional” methylation sites which may impact on long-term gene expression signatures in IECs.

Conclusions
Our study represents the first genome-wide analysis of microbiota-mediated effects on maturation of DNA methylation signatures and the transcriptional program of IECs after birth. It indicates that the gut microbiota dynamically modulates large portions of the epithelial transcriptome during postnatal development, but targets only a subset of microbially responsive genes through their DNA methylation status.
p53: emerging roles in stem cells, development and beyond
Authors: Jain Abhinav K. , Barton Michelle Craig 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
Most human cancers harbor mutations in the gene encoding p53. As a result, research on p53 in the past few decades has focused primarily on its role as a tumor suppressor. One consequence of this focus is that the functions of p53 in development have largely been ignored. However, recent advances, such as the genomic profiling of embryonic stem cells, have uncovered the significance and mechanisms of p53 functions in mammalian cell differentiation and development. As we review here, these recent findings reveal roles that complement the well-established roles for p53 in tumor suppression.
Axonal mRNA transport and translation at a glance
Authors: Sahoo Pabitra K. , Smith Deanna S. , Perrone-Bizzozero Nora , Twiss Jeffery L. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
Localization and translation of mRNAs within different subcellular domains provides an important mechanism to spatially and temporally introduce new proteins in polarized cells. Neurons make use of this localized protein synthesis during initial growth, regeneration and functional maintenance of their axons. Although the first evidence for protein synthesis in axons dates back to 1960s, improved methodologies, including the ability to isolate axons to purity, highly sensitive RNA detection methods and imaging approaches, have shed new light on the complexity of the transcriptome of the axon and how it is regulated. Moreover, these efforts are now uncovering new roles for locally synthesized proteins in neurological diseases and injury responses. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we provide an overview of how axonal mRNA transport and translation are regulated, and discuss their emerging links to neurological disorders and neural repair.
Singbarer Rest: Celans phänomenologische Poetologie
Authors: Gelhard Dorothee 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Celan was a reader of Husserl’s phenomenology and this had animpact on his poetics. Husserl differentiates between three time conceptions:“Urimpression”, “Retention” and “Protention”. Together they are named “Zeithof”.In Celan’s poetological conception this temporal experience is also expressedin a single word, or poem. Hence remembrance emphasizes in Celan’sphenomenological conception the process of perception itself. When using aspecific word like “Mandel” (almond), Celan indicates what changes “Mandel”underwent in history, from ancient biblical times, via the Russian writer OsipMandel’stam to Auschwitz. In Celan’s poetics, words are therefore always ontheir way to another meaning, finally to another person.
Valérys Namen: Der Status des Lesers in derpoésie pure
Authors: Humphreys-Schottmann Franziska 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Valéry’s dream of the creation of a poésie pure is determined by afundamental tension between two contradictory aspirations. On the one hand,he inherits French rationalism when he tries to develop a poetical praxis basedon a logical-mathematical calculus, in which anything vague and unclear shoulddisappear. On the other hand, this strictly formalized language revolves aroundthe notion of moi pur and therefore subscribes to a hypertrophied subjectivism.The paradoxical logic of personal pronouns described by Émile Benveniste is atthe origin of Valéry’s project: The moi pur is both, the personal pronoun thatidentifies the concrete speaker and the structural function of the universalinvariant. Ineluctably affected by this pronominal shifting, the reader is, aboveall, at stake in the poéésie pure. In an attempt to unfold the aporetical constructionsresulting from this paradox, this textual analysis focuses on some of themain rhetorical figures of Valpoéry’s work. A close reading of Narcisse parle revealsthe specific moments of permanent self-variation by which the popoésie pureconstantly subverts itself. Poeisis resists any kind of rigid formalism, any subjugationof its rhetorical potential and any attempt to escape the ever-sliding senseof the metaphor. We can thus affirm that the aporias revealed by the popoésie pureevidence hence the conditions of poetical representation itself.