bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipoprotein markers associated with disability from multiple sclerosis
Authors: Gafson A. R. , Thorne T. , McKechnie C. I. J. , Jimenez B. , Nicholas R. , Matthews P. M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAltered lipid metabolism is a feature of chronic inflammatory disorders. Increased plasma lipids and lipoproteins have been associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) disease activity. Our objective was to characterise the specific lipids and associated plasma lipoproteins increased in MS and to test for an association with disability. Plasma samples were collected from 27 RRMS patients (median EDSS, 1.5, range 1–7) and 31 healthy controls. Concentrations of lipids within lipoprotein sub-classes were determined from NMR spectra. Plasma cytokines were measured using the MesoScale Discovery V-PLEX kit. Associations were tested using multivariate linear regression. Differences between the patient and volunteer groups were found for lipids within VLDL and HDL lipoprotein sub-fractions (p < 0.05). Multivariate regression demonstrated a high correlation between lipids within VLDL sub-classes and the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) (p < 0.05). An optimal model for EDSS included free cholesterol carried by VLDL-2, gender and age (R2 = 0.38, p < 0.05). Free cholesterol carried by VLDL-2 was highly correlated with plasma cytokines CCL-17 and IL-7 (R2 = 0.78, p < 0.0001). These results highlight relationships between disability, inflammatory responses and systemic lipid metabolism in RRMS. Altered lipid metabolism with systemic inflammation may contribute to immune activation.
The efficacy of serum cell death biomarkers for diagnosing biliary tract cancer
Authors: Sugimoto Mitsuru , Abe Kazumichi , Hayashi Manabu , Takagi Tadayuki , Suzuki Rei , Konno Naoki , Asama Hiroyuki , Sato Yuki , Irie Hiroki , Watanabe Ko , Nakamura Jun , Kikuchi Hitomi , Waragai Yuichi , Takasumi Mika , Hashimoto Minami , Hikichi Takuto , Nozawa Yoshihiro , Ohira Hiromasa 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this study, we determined the efficacy of the cell death biomarker cytokeratin 18 for diagnosing biliary tract cancer (BTC). We recruited 36 patients with BTC (Malignant group) and 45 patients with benign biliary tract disease (Benign group) for this study. We used M30 and M65 as cell death biomarkers. M30 levels indicate apoptosis, and M65 levels indicate both apoptosis and necrosis. M30 and M65 levels were significantly higher in the Malignant group than in the Benign group (142.4 ± 117.0 vs 48.9 ± 71.2 U/l, P < 0.001; 1513.3 ± 837.4 vs 882.2 ± 831.2 U/l, P = 0.001). The diagnosability of M30 was the highest of the four markers (CEA, CA19-9, M30, M65) (cut-off value: 74.429 U/l, sensitivity: 72.2%, specificity: 77.1%, AUC: 0.771). The sensitivity of M30 (cut-off value: 74.429 U/l) was significantly higher than that of biliary cytology (76% (19/25) vs 12% (3/25), P < 0.001), and the accuracy of M30 was significantly higher than that of biliary cytology (78.3% (36/46) vs 52.2% (24/46), P = 0.015). The sensitivity of M30 (cut-off value: 74.429 U/l) was significantly higher than that of biliary cytology and brush cytology (72.4% (21/29) vs 24.1% (7/29), P < 0.001). In conclusion, cell death biomarkers were increased in patients with BTC, and M30 could efficiently diagnose BTC.
Physical mechanisms of oceanic mantle earthquakes: Comparison of natural and experimental events
Authors: Kita Saeko , Ferrand Thomas P. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBecause they provide information about the spatial distribution of brittle deformation, both seismologists and experimentalists use b-values to study earthquake populations. Here, we present the b-values for intermediate-depth intraslab earthquakes in the Pacific slab beneath the Tohoku and Hokkaido regions, northeastern Japan and find a difference in the lower-plane event b-values in the double seismic zone. Lower-plane events reveal significantly larger b-values beneath Tohoku (0.96) than Hokkaido (0.86), implying that the brittle deformation beneath Hokkaido is more localized and leads to higher ratio of relatively large lower-plane events than occur beneath Tohoku. We also estimated the b-values for experimental earthquakes, and found they increase with increasing antigorite content in serpentinized peridotite. These experimental earthquakes already led to the “dehydration driven stress transfer” (DDST) model, which suggests that a highly hydrated peridotite is not required when oceanic mantle events occur. A comparison of experimental and natural earthquake b-values implies that lower-plane peridotite is more hydrated beneath the Tohoku region, which could also explain the difference in oceanic-plate velocity structures near the trench identified in Ocean Bottom Seismometer studies off Tohoku and Hokkaido. These results suggest that lower-plane events occur in fresh peridotite near serpentinized faults.
Detection of correlated hidden factors from single cell transcriptomes using Iteratively Adjusted-SVA (IA-SVA)
Authors: Lee Donghyung , Cheng Anthony , Lawlor Nathan , Bolisetty Mohan , Ucar Duygu 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSingle cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) precisely characterizes gene expression levels and dissects variation in expression associated with the state (technical or biological) and the type of the cell, which is averaged out in bulk measurements. Multiple and correlated sources contribute to gene expression variation in single cells, which makes their estimation difficult with the existing methods developed for batch correction (e.g., surrogate variable analysis (SVA)) that estimate orthogonal transformations of these sources. We developed iteratively adjusted surrogate variable analysis (IA-SVA) that can estimate hidden factors even when they are correlated with other sources of variation by identifying a set of genes associated with each hidden factor in an iterative manner. Analysis of scRNA-seq data from human cells showed that IA-SVA could accurately capture hidden variation arising from technical (e.g., stacked doublet cells) or biological sources (e.g., cell type or cell-cycle stage). Furthermore, IA-SVA delivers a set of genes associated with the detected hidden source to be used in downstream data analyses. As a proof of concept, IA-SVA recapitulated known marker genes for islet cell subsets (e.g., alpha, beta), which improved the grouping of subsets into distinct clusters. Taken together, IA-SVA is an effective and novel method to dissect multiple and correlated sources of variation in scRNA-seq data.
Carbon network evolution from dimers to sheets in superconducting ytrrium dicarbide under pressure
Authors: Feng Xiaolei , Lu Siyu , Pickard Chris J. , Liu Hanyu , Redfern Simon A. T. , Ma Yanming 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCarbon-bearing compounds display intriguing structural diversity, due to variations in hybrid bonding of carbon. Here, first-principles calculations and unbiased structure searches on yttrium dicarbide at pressure reveal four new structures with varying carbon polymerisation, in addition to the experimentally observed high-temperature low-pressure I4/mmm dimer phase. At low pressures, a metallic C2/m phase (four-member single-chain carbide) is stable, which transforms into a Pnma phase (single-chain carbide) upon increasing pressure, with further transformation to an Immm structure (double-chain carbide) at 54 GPa and then to a P6/mmm phase (sheet carbide) at 267 GPa. Yttrium dicarbide is structurally diverse, with carbon bonded as dimers (at lowest pressure), four-member single chains, infinite single chains, double chains and eventually sheet structures on compression. Electron–phonon coupling calculations indicate that the high-pressure phases are superconducting. Our results aid the understanding and design of new superconductors and illuminate pressure-induced carbon polymerisation in carbides.
On-cell catalysis by surface engineering of live cells with an artificial metalloenzyme
Authors: Szponarski Mathieu , Schwizer Fabian , Ward Thomas R. , Gademann Karl 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMetal-catalyzed chemical transformations performed at the cellular level bear great potential for the manipulation of biological processes. The complexity of the cell renders the use of transition metal chemistry difficult in cellular systems. The delivery of the reactive catalyst and the control of its spatial localization remain challenging. Here we report the surface functionalization of the unicellular eukaryote Chlamydomonas reinhardtii with a tailor-made artificial metalloenzyme for on-cell catalysis. The functionalized cells remain viable and are able to uncage a fluorogenic substrate on their surface. This work leverages cell surface engineering to provide live cells with new-to-nature reactivity. In addition, this operationally simple approach is not genetically encoded and thereby transient, which offers advantages with regard to temporal control, cell viability, and safety. Therefore, and as a feature, the movement of the functionalized cells can be directed by light (via phototaxis), allowing for the three-dimensional localization of catalysts by outside stimuli.
Fluctuations in anthropogenic nighttime lights from satellite imagery for five cities in Niger and Nigeria
Authors: Bharti Nita , Tatem Andrew J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDynamic measures of human populations are critical for global health management but are often overlooked, largely because they are difficult to quantify. Measuring human population dynamics can be prohibitively expensive in under-resourced communities. Satellite imagery can provide measurements of human populations, past and present, to complement public health analyses and interventions. We used anthropogenic illumination from publicly accessible, serial satellite nighttime images as a quantifiable proxy for seasonal population variation in five urban areas in Niger and Nigeria. We identified population fluxes as the mechanistic driver of regional seasonal measles outbreaks. Our data showed 1) urban illumination fluctuated seasonally, 2) corresponding population fluctuations were sufficient to drive seasonal measles outbreaks, and 3) overlooking these fluctuations during vaccination activities resulted in below-target coverage levels, incapable of halting transmission of the virus. We designed immunization solutions capable of achieving above-target coverage of both resident and mobile populations. Here, we provide detailed data on brightness from 2000–2005 for 5 cities in Niger and Nigeria and detailed methodology for application to other populations.
Das SAPHO-Syndrom – ein Überblick
Authors: Schreiber Judith , Kaufmann Bernd , Rauschmann Michael , de Groot Kirsten 
Published: November 2018

ZusammenfassungDas SAPHO-Syndrom ist eine seltene entzündliche Autoimmunerkrankung mit Befall von Haut, Gelenken und Knochen. Klassische Charakteristika der Erkrankung sind Gelenkentzündungen und Enthesitiden am axialen Skelett, an der ventralen Thoraxwand mit Enthesitis der Ligamenta costoclaviculares und Arthritiden der Sternocostalgelenke, Entzündungen von Wirbelkörpern und -gelenken, auch Bandscheiben und Iliosakralgelenken zusammen mit neutrophilen Dermatosen in Form von Acne conglobata, palmoplantarer Pustulose, Pyoderma gangraenosum u. a. Dazu können auch eine Osteitis und Osteomyelitis der Röhrenknochen (meist Femur oder Tibia) und Mono- oder Oligoarthritiden der unteren Extremitäten auftreten. Differenzialdiagnostisch sind Spondarthritiden und die chronisch rekurrierende multifokale Osteomyelitis nicht immer abzugrenzen.Radiologisch sind nach längerem Krankheitsverlauf Hyperostosen an betroffenen Gelenken, Wirbelkörpern und Röhrenknochen nachweisbar. Wie auch bei HLA-B27-assoziierten Spondylarthritiden kann es zu ankylosierenden Veränderungen der Iliosakralgelenke oder Wirbelsäule kommen. Für die Krankheitsentstehung spielen offenbar infektiöse Triggerfaktoren wie z. B. das Propionibacterium acnes eine Rolle, die zu einer überschießenden Immunantwort mit erhöhten Konzentrationen von IL-8, IL-18 und TNF-alpha i. S. führen. Die Entzündungen manifestieren sich dann in Form von sterilen Pseudoabszessen mit Infiltraten neutrophiler Granulozyten hauptsächlich im Bereich der Haut, am axialen Bewegungsapparat und z. T. an den unteren Extremitäten. Zur Diagnostik können im Frühstadium (Krankheitsbeginn < 3 Monate) MRT, Skelettszintigrafie und Gelenksonografie eingesetzt werden. In späteren Stadien finden sich typische Hyperostosen und Sklerosierungen in konventionellen Röntgenaufnahmen. Therapeutisch werden in erster Linie NSAR, bei längerfristig aktiven Arthritiden auch Colchicin oder klassische synthetische DMARDS wie Methotrexat, Sulfasalazin und Leflunomid eingesetzt. In der Behandlung der Osteitis sind gute Erfolge mit Bisphosphonaten erzielt worden. Des Weiteren haben sich TNF-alpha-Inhibitoren als längerfristig gut wirksam auf Haut- und Gelenkmanifestationen erwiesen.
Metabolische Azidose unter Paracetamol – eine ungewöhnliche Nebenwirkung
Authors: Hitzing Sandra , Böttcher Andrea , Laube Marcus 
Published: November 2018

ZusammenfassungDie metabolische Azidose ist bei hospitalisierten Patienten keine Rarität. Doch nur selten ist eine metabolische Azidose mit erweiterter Anionenlücke unter chronischer Paracetamol-Therapie und konsekutiver transienter 5-Oxoprolin-Akkumulation (Pyroglutaminsäure) bei Erwachsenen beschrieben 1, 2, 3, 4. Dieser Beitrag stellt einen solchen Fall dar und erläutert die wenig bekannte Pathogenese.
Geburtshilfliche Anästhesie und postoperative Überwachung
Authors: Gude Philipp , Weber Thomas 
Published: November 2018

ZusammenfassungDie von ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) und SOAP (Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology) für das Jahr 2016 aktualisierten Leitlinien sind eine Handlungsempfehlung in erster Linie für Anästhesisten, die auf das anästhesiologische Management Gebärender, nicht operative und operative Entbindung sowie auf die postpartale Versorgung und Analgesie fokussiert.
Neuromonitoring und Therapieentscheidungen auf der Intensivstation
Authors: Reithmeier Thomas , Isaak Rimmon , Sanchez-Porres Renan 
Published: November 2018

ZusammenfassungBei Patienten mit einer akuten Hirnschädigung besteht das Risiko einer weiteren neurologischen Verschlechterung aufgrund der Entwicklung eines sekundären Hirnschadens. Ziel des Neuromonitorings ist es frühzeitig pathophysiologische Veränderung des Gehirns zu erkennen um adäquate diagnostische und therapeutische Maßnahmen einzuleiten, um die Entstehung eines sekundären Hirnschadens zu vermeiden. Neben der klassischen Methode des klinischen Neuromonitorings bei wachen Patienten werden invasive Methoden mit Implantation von Messsonden zur Bestimmung des Hirndruckes, des zerebralen Sauerstoffpartialdruckes sowie des Hirnmetabolismus bei komatösen Patienten angewendet. Ein elektrophysiologisches Monitoring mittels Elektrokortikografie oder evozierter Potenziale sowie die Messung des zerebralen Blutflusses liefert ergänzende Informationen. Die Indikationen und die klinische Relevanz der verschiedenen Monitoring-Techniken werden im Hinblick auf eine Optimierung der Behandlung von Patienten mit akuten zerebralen Schädigungen besprochen.
Working memory capacity and strategy use in second language learning
Authors: Najjari Rahim , Mohammadi Mohammad 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between working memory capacity (WMC) and second language learning strategies. To this
end, 151 participants took three working memory tasks: one simple span task and two complex span tasks. They then completed the
Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL). Finally, they were put into three groups of individuals with high, mid, and low
WMC. The results of descriptive and inferential statistics (one-way ANOVA tests) revealed that individuals with high WMC
reportedly used compensatory and cognitive strategies more than the other two groups. Then, two-way factorial designs of WMC with
the variables of age, sex, and language proficiency were conducted on reported frequency of compensatory and cognitive strategy
use. The findings demonstrated that the main and interaction effects of the variables were not statistically significant except
for WMC. This study has implications for language learning strategies and working memory studies in second language learning
settings.
Status competition in Africa: Explaining the Rwandan–Ugandan clashes in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Tamm Henning 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Yoweri Museveni’s rebels seized power in Uganda in 1986, with Rwandan refugees making up roughly a quarter of his troops. These refugees then took power in Rwanda in 1994 with support from Museveni’s regime. Subsequently, between 1999 and 2000, the Rwandan and Ugandan comrades-in-arms turned on each other in a series of deadly clashes in the Democratic Republic of Congo, a country they had invaded together only one year earlier. What explains these fratricidal clashes? This article contends that a social–psychological perspective focused on status competition between the Rwandan and Ugandan ruling elites provides the most compelling answer. Long treated as ‘boys’, the new Rwandan rulers strove to enhance their social status vis-à-vis the Ugandans, seeking first equality and then regional superiority. Economic disputes over Congo’s natural resources at times complemented this struggle for status but cannot explain all of its phases. The article draws on interviews with senior Rwandan, Ugandan, and former Congolese rebel officials, and triangulates them with statements given to national and regional newspapers at the time of the clashes. More broadly, it builds on the recently revitalized study of status competition in world politics and makes a case for integrating research on inter-African relations.
A.R. Luria’s Approach to Neuropsychological Assessment and Rehabilitation
Authors: Mikadze Yuri V , Ardila Alfredo , Akhutina Tatiana V 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLuria is one of the most influential authors in cognitive neuroscience, and in particular neuropsychology. New scientific achievements and clinical observations have significantly supported many of his suggestions and hypotheses. The article describes the basic concepts of neuropsychological evaluation and rehabilitation, associated with the method of syndrome analysis developed by Luria for diagnosis mental function and focus in the qualitative interpretation of the results neuropsychological diagnosis. Luria is regarded as a pioneer in cognitive rehabilitation. His ideas have maintained relevance and have continued to be developed and analyzed. Luria is presented as one of the major founders of contemporary neuropsychology from the fundamental point of view and the clinical perspective. His influence has continued significantly during the 21st century.
A 5-microRNA signature identified from serum microRNA profiling predicts survival in patients with advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhang Yajie , Roth Jack A , Yu Hao , Ye Yuanqing , Xie Kunlin , Zhao Hua , Chang David W , Huang Maosheng , Li Hecheng , Qu Jieming , Wu Xifeng 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, screening and prognosis. This study aimed to identify serum miRNAs as predictors of survival in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We profiled serum miRNAs in a pilot set of four patients with good survival (>24 months) and four patients with poor survival (<6 months). We selected 140 stably detectable miRNAs and 42 miRNAs reported in literature for further analysis. Expression of these 182 miRNAs was measured using high-throughput polymerase chain reaction assay, and their association with 3-year survival in the discovery (n = 345) and validation (n = 177) cohorts was assessed. Five serum miRNAs (miR-191, miR-28-3p, miR-145, miR-328 and miR-18a) were significantly associated with 3-year overall survival in both cohorts. A combined 5-miRNA risk score was created to assess the cumulative impact of these miRNAs on risk of death. Quartile analysis of the risk score showed significant association with 3-year death risk, with a 4.6-, 6.8- and 9.3-month reduction in median survival time for the second, third and fourth quartiles, respectively. Survival tree analysis also identified distinct risk groups with different 3-year survival durations. Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas revealed all five miRNAs were differentially expressed (P < 0.0001) in paired tumor and normal tissues. Pathway analysis indicated that target genes of these five miRNAs were mainly enriched in inflammatory/immune response pathways and pathways implicated in resistance to chemoradiotherapy and/or targeted therapy. Our results suggested that the 5-miRNA signature could serve as a prognostic predictor in patients with advanced NSCLC.
Invasive fungal infections in the immunocompromised host: Mechanistic insights in an era of changing immunotherapeutics
Authors: Eades Christopher P , Armstrong-James Darius P H 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe use of cytotoxic chemotherapy in the treatment of malignant and inflammatory disorders is beset by considerable adverse effects related to nonspecific cytotoxicity. Accordingly, a mechanistic approach to therapeutics has evolved in recent times with small molecular inhibitors of intracellular signaling pathways involved in disease pathogenesis being developed for clinical use, some with unparalleled efficacy and tolerability. Nevertheless, there are emerging concerns regarding an association with certain small molecular inhibitors and opportunistic infections, including invasive fungal diseases. This is perhaps unsurprising, given that the molecular targets of such agents play fundamental and multifaceted roles in orchestrating innate and adaptive immune responses. Nevertheless, some small molecular inhibitors appear to possess intrinsic antifungal activity and may therefore represent novel therapeutic options in future. This is particularly important given that antifungal resistance is a significant, emerging concern. This paper is a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art in the molecular immunology to fungal pathogens as applied to existing and emerging small molecular inhibitors.
Open Surgery for Extraction of an Embolized Pellet in the Middle Cerebral Artery From a Shotgun Injury
Authors: Monterey Michael , Kerr Keith , Dannenbaum Mark , Chen Peng Roc , Blackburn Spiros 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE
Embolization of shotgun pellet from the peripheral vasculature to the cerebral vessels has been a known phenomenon that has been reported previously in the literature. However, there is no consensus on clinical indications for intervention, best modality of intervention or management upon leaving the hospital. We describe a case of a shotgun pellet in the neck that embolized to the middle cerebral artery that was treated with open surgery. Discussed is the initial management on presentation, timing of intervention from surgery and detailed surgical technique.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION
A 20-yr-old man presented after being shot at close range with a shotgun. He was neurologically intact on exam. Initial screening computed tomography (CT) of the brain noted a shotgun pellet in the region of the sylvian fissure without intracranial hemorrhage. Computed tomography angiography again displayed pellet in the vicinity of the left middle cerebral artery. He was emergently taken for an awake cerebral angiogram and subsequent surgical extraction of the shotgun pellet.

CONCLUSION
Missile embolization of a bullet fragment to the intracranial vasculature is rare and requires difficult decisions regarding management. Critical factors that are to be considered prior to treatment include neurological clinical presentation, timing of the trauma, and anatomic location of injury. Patients who are without neurological deficit that display compromised blood flow require immediate cerebral angiogram followed by surgical intervention depending on location.