bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of behavioral state, sex, and season on resource selection by jaguars (Panthera onca): Always on the prowl?
Authors: Gese Eric M. , Terletzky Patricia A. , Cavalcanti Sandra M. C. , Neale Christopher M. U. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHow a predator uses its landscape to move through its territory and acquire prey is a fundamental question for scientific research. The influence of abiotic and biotic factors on space use of large carnivores has profound implications for their future management and conservation. In the Pantanal, Brazil, jaguars (Panthera onca) are the apex predator, but conflicts with cattle depredations pose a risk to their future conservation. We examined whether behavioral state, sex, and season influenced how jaguars used the landscape in the Pantanal. To accomplish this, we radio‐collared four females and six males; radio‐collared jaguars were monitored for 76 radio‐months with 11,787 GPS locations acquired. We developed resource selection functions (RSFs) examining how female and male jaguars used their landscape during three behavioral states (moving, killing native prey, killing cattle) during two seasons (dry, wet). From theRSFmodels, we found similar variables and relationships of landscape characteristics that jaguars selected for when moving and when depredating native prey and cattle. While moving, jaguars selected for locations that were either in dense cover or very near dense cover, with higher plant diversity and closer to water than available across the landscape. While null models suggested jaguars opportunistically depredated native prey in the dry season and cattle in the wet season, there was some indication they selected for specific landscape characteristics, mainly dense cover when killing cattle in the dry season and native prey in the wet season. Both sexes killed native prey and cattle within dense cover or close to dense cover as expected of an ambush predator. Particular habitat types were not important as long as there was dense cover for concealment. Additionally, jaguars killed prey closer to water than was available on the landscape. The similar variables across the models showed the importance of dense cover and distance to dense cover during all three behavioral states indicating jaguars in the Pantanal were “always on the prowl.” Understanding the spatial requirements for jaguars during the acquisition of native prey and cattle may lead to improved management strategies to allow for continued coexistence of jaguars in an area of traditional cattle production.
Quantifying variance across spatial scales as part of fire regime classifications
Authors: Scholtz Rheinhardt , Fuhlendorf Samuel D. , Leis Sherry A. , Picotte Joshua J. , Twidwell Dirac 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe emergence of large‐scale fire classifications and products informed by remote sensing data has enabled opportunities to include variability or heterogeneity as part of modern fire regime classifications. Currently, basic fire metrics such as mean fire return intervals are calculated without considering spatial variance in a management context. Fire return intervals are also only applicable at a particular grain size (defined as the spatial unit of interest) even though they are typically applied homogeneously. In this study, we utilized a 29‐yr fire occurrence database to show how spatial variance changes with respect to grain as postulated by Wiens () when reporting fire patterns within the Great Plains, USA. We utilized data from the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity database of fire occurrence for the years 1984–2012. We analyzed median numbers of fire along with their variance at four spatial grains ranging from small units (e.g., plots at 3 × 3 km resolution) to large units (e.g., landscapes at 1500 × 2700 km resolution). Median number of fire occurrences was consistently low, irrespective of grain. Despite the consistency in low median numbers of fires across grain, variance in the numbers of fires between units decreased. Variance within units, however, did not change as grain increased indicating fire‐pattern‐scale inconsistencies. Fire pattern interpretations depended entirely on the scale at which it is calculated. Given that the Great Plains region has a large disparity in fire patterns (i.e., some regions burn often, while others may never burn), fire regime classifications will benefit from including scale‐specific variance estimates as a foundation for understanding changes in fire regimes and corresponding social–ecological and policy responses.
Climate change alterations to ecosystem dominance: how might sponge‐dominated reefs function?
Authors: Bell James J. , Rovellini Alberto , Davy Simon K. , Taylor Michael W. , Fulton Elizabeth A. , Dunn Matthew R. , Bennett Holly M. , Kandler Nora M. , Luter Heidi M. , Webster Nicole S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAnthropogenic stressors are impacting ecological systems across the world. Of particular concern are the recent rapid changes occurring in coral reef systems. With ongoing degradation from both local and global stressors, future reefs are likely to function differently from current coral‐dominated ecosystems. Determining key attributes of future reef states is critical to reliably predict outcomes for ecosystem service provision. Here we explore the impacts of changing sponge dominance on coral reefs. Qualitative modelling of reef futures suggests that changing sponge dominance due to increased sponge abundance will have different outcomes for other trophic levels compared with increased sponge dominance as a result of declining coral abundance. By exploring uncertainty in the model outcomes we identify the need to (1) quantify changes in carbon flow through sponges, (2) determine the importance of food limitation for sponges, (3) assess the ubiquity of the recently described “sponge loop,” (4) determine the competitive relationships between sponges and other benthic taxa, particularly algae, and (5) understand how changing dominance of other organisms alters trophic pathways and energy flows through ecosystems. Addressing these knowledge gaps will facilitate development of more complex models that assess functional attributes of sponge‐dominated reef ecosystems.
Redox‐Controlled Stabilization of an Open‐Shell Intermediate in a Bioinspired Enzyme Model
Authors: Hanauer Kristina , Förster Christoph , Heinze Katja 
Published: July 2018

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Katja Heinze from Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Germany. The cover image shows two key steps of the oxygenation of phosphanes employing bioinspired molybdenum(VI) – ferrocenium heterometallic complexes: oxygen atom transfer from the dioxido molybdenum(VI) moiety to the substrate is followed by an intramolecular electron transfer from the molybdenum(IV) to the ferrocenium site.
Impaired chronic pain‐like behaviour and altered opioidergic system in the TASTPM mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Aman Y. , Pitcher T. , Ballard C. , Malcangio M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundChronic pain conditions, especially osteoarthritis (OA), are as common in individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) as in the general elderly population, which results in detrimental impact on patient's quality of life. However, alteration in perception of pain in AD coupled with deteriorating ability to communicate pain sensations often result in under‐diagnosis and inappropriate management of pain. Therefore, a better understanding of mechanisms in chronic pain processing in AD is needed. Here, we explored the development and progression of OA pain and the effect of analgesics in a transgenic mouse model of AD.MethodsUnilateral OA pain was induced chemically, via an intra‐articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) in the left knee joint of AD‐mice (TASTPM) and age‐ and gender‐matched C57BL/6J (WT). Pharmacological and biochemical assessments were conducted in plasma and spinal cord tissue.ResultsMIA resulted in hind paw mechanical hypersensitivity (allodynia), initiating on day 3, in TASTPM and WT controls. However, from 14 to 28 days, TASTPM displayed partial attenuation of allodynia and diminished spinal microglial response compared to WT controls. Naloxone, an opioid antagonist, re‐established allodynia levels as observed in the WT group. Morphine, an opioid agonist, induced heightened analgesia in AD‐mice whilst gabapentin was devoid of efficacy. TASTPM exhibited elevated plasma level of β‐endorphin post‐MIA which correlated with impaired allodynia.ConclusionsThese results indicate an alteration of the opioidergic system in TASTPM as possible mechanisms underlying impaired persistent pain sensitivity in AD. This work provides basis for re‐evaluation of opioid analgesic use for management of pain in AD.SignificanceThis study shows attenuated pain‐like behaviour in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease due to alterations in the opioidergic system and central plasticity mechanisms of persistent pain.
Comparison of conference abstracts and full‐text publications of randomized controlled trials presented at four consecutive World Congresses of Pain: Reporting quality and agreement of results
Authors: Saric L. , Vucic K. , Dragicevic K. , Vrdoljak M. , Jakus D. , Vuka I. , Jelicic Kadic A. , Saldanha I.J. , Puljak L. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundConference abstracts are a potential source of new and relevant information about randomized controlled trials (RCTs). However, their dependability is questionable. The objectives of this study were to quantify the agreement between results of RCTs reported in abstracts presented at the four most recent World Congresses on Pain (WCP) and their corresponding full publications, and to analyse the completeness of reporting in those abstracts.MethodsTo identify RCTs, we screened all abstracts presented at four WCPs from 2008 to 2014. Two independent authors identified corresponding full‐text reports published through August 2016. Data about the main outcomes in each abstract and full publication were extracted, including the outcome domains and numerical results reported. We reported discordance between abstracts and full texts. We evaluated abstracts against the CONSORT for Abstracts checklist.ResultsApproximately half of the 614 included abstracts had been fully published. Among the 306 abstract/publication pairs, eight pairs were not evaluable, and in the remaining 298 we found some form of discordance in 31% of the cases; the majority of discordances were quantitative, i.e. numerical results were different in the two locations, but with the same direction of effect. In the abstract–publication pairs where the abstract presented only preliminary/interim results, 79% had some form of discordance, mostly quantitative.ConclusionsThe reporting quality of the 614 abstracts was suboptimal; the median adherence across all domains for all abstracts was 26%. In conclusion, conference abstracts of pain research are often not necessarily dependable information. Authors should be required to report abstracts according to reporting guidelines.SignificanceAbstracts of RCTs addressing pain are not often dependable information sources; half of them are not published, their reporting quality is suboptimal. When published, 30% of abstracts‐full text pairs have discordant results, with 78% discordance when abstracts present preliminary results.
Numerical analysis of unsteady heat conduction in regular solid bodies comprising natural convection to nearby fluids
Authors: Campo Antonio , Arıcı Müslüm 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe present paper addresses unsteady, unidirectional heat conduction in regular solid bodies (vertical plate, horizontal cylinder, and sphere) that exchange heat by natural convection with a neighboring fluid. From thermal physics, natural convection constitutes a worst‐case scenario for forced convection cooling. Under the premises of natural convection heat transfer, the unsteady, 1‐dimensional heat conduction equation consists in a linear parabolic partial differential equation with a dominant natural convection boundary condition represented by the mean convective coefficient that depends upon temperature. As expected, the nonlinear unsteady, unidirectional heat conduction problem is complex and does not admit an exact, analytical solution. Instead, the nonlinear unsteady, unidirectional heat conduction problem forcibly necessitates approximate numerical treatment with the finite difference method. The computed dimensionless center, surface, and mean temperatures varying with dimensionless time are obtained numerically and are graphed for 3 solids: iron, aluminum, copper exposed to 3 fluids: air, water, oil; the 6 media are used in numerous engineering applications.
Deletion of the Fanconi Anemia C Gene in Mice Leads to Skeletal Anomalies and Defective Bone Mineralization and Microarchitecture
Authors: Mazon Mélody , Julien Jacinthe , Ung Roth-Visal , Picard Sylvain , Hamoudi Dounia , Tam Rose , Filiatrault Jessica , Frenette Jérôme , Mac-Way Fabrice , Carreau Madeleine 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disorder associated with a progressive decline in hematopoietic stem cells leading to bone marrow failure. FA is also characterized by a variety of developmental defects including short stature and skeletal malformations. More than half of children affected with FA have radial-ray abnormalities, and many patients have early onset osteopenia/osteoporosis. Although many Fanconi anemia genes have been identified and a molecular pathway defined, the underlying mechanism leading to bone defects remains elusive. To understand the role of FA genes in skeletal development and bone microarchitecture, we evaluated bone physiology during embryogenesis and in adult FancA- and FancC-deficient mice. We found that both FancA-/- and FancC-/- embryos have abnormal skeletal development shown by skeletal malformations, growth delay, and reduced bone mineralization. FancC-/- adult mice present altered bone morphology and microarchitecture with a significant decrease in cortical bone mineral density in a sex-specific manner. Mechanical testing revealed that male but not female FancC-/- mice show reduced bone strength compared with their wild-type littermates. Ex vivo cultures showed that FancA-/- and FancC-/- bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSC) have impaired differentiation capabilities together with altered gene expression profiles. Our results suggest that defective bone physiology in FA occurs in utero and possibly results from altered BMMSC function. These results provide valuable insights into the mechanism involved in FA skeletal defects. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Increased Serpina3n release into circulation during glucocorticoid‐mediated muscle atrophy
Authors: Gueugneau Marine , d'Hose Donatienne , Barbé Caroline , de Barsy Marie , Lause Pascale , Maiter Dominique , Bindels Laure B. , Delzenne Nathalie M. , Schaeffer Laurent , Gangloff Yann‐Gaël , Chambon Christophe , Coudy‐Gandilhon Cécile , Béchet Daniel , Thissen Jean‐Paul 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundGlucocorticoids (GC) play a major role in muscle atrophy. As skeletal muscle is a secretory organ, characterization of the muscle secretome elicited by muscle atrophy should allow to better understand the cellular mechanisms and to identify circulating biomarkers of this condition. Our project aimed to identify the changes in the muscle secretome associated with GC‐induced muscle atrophy and susceptible to translate into circulation.MethodsWe have identified the GC‐induced changes in the secretome of C2C12 muscle cells by proteomic analysis, and then, we have determined how these changes translate into the circulation of mice or human subjects exposed to high concentrations of GC.ResultsThis approach led us to identify Serpina3n as one of the most markedly secreted protein in response to GC. Our original in vitro results were confirmed in vivo by an increased expression of Serpina3n in skeletal muscle (3.9‐fold; P < 0.01) and in the serum (two‐fold; P < 0.01) of mice treated with GC. We also observed increased levels of the human orthologue Serpina3 in the serum of Cushing's syndrome patients compared with healthy controls matched for age and sex (n = 9/group, 2.5‐fold; P < 0.01). An increase of Serpina3n was also demonstrated in muscle atrophy models mediated by GC such as cancer cachexia (four‐fold; P < 0.01), sepsis (12.5‐fold; P < 0.001), or diabetes (two‐fold; P < 0.01). In contrast, levels of Serpina3n both in skeletal muscle and in the circulation were reduced in several models of muscle hypertrophy induced by myostatin inhibition (P < 0.01). Furthermore, a cluster of data suggests that the regulation of muscle Serpina3n involves mTOR, an essential determinant of the muscle cell size.ConclusionsTaken together, these data suggest that Serpina3n may represent a circulating biomarker of muscle atrophy associated to GC and, broadly, a reflection of dynamic changes in muscle mass.
Causes of inhibition of bioleaching by Cu are also thermodynamic
Authors: Mazuelos Alfonso , García‐Tinajero Carlos J , Romero Rafael , Iglesias‐González Nieves , Carranza Francisco 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDCu is an indispensable natural resource for society, as its use is widespread and essential for many technologies. Consequently, worldwide production is around 18×106 tn year−1, and close to 25% is produced by bioleaching. Bioleaching enables Cu extraction from minerals in atmospheric conditions by virtue of the catalytic activity of microorganisms. Microbial catalysis is mainly based on Fe3+ production as a leaching agent, a process known as Fe2+ bio‐oxidation. However, bio‐oxidation is inhibited by Cu2+ which limits the use of bioleaching with Cu mineral ores.RESULTSThis paper, for the first time, examines the effect of Cu2+ on continuous Fe2+ bio‐oxidation using a packed bed bioreactor with supported cells. Bio‐oxidation was possible in the presence of 20 g L−1 Cu2+, with a less than 25% reduction in rate. About 15% of this drop in rate is due to biological inhibition and the rest to a reduction in oxygen solubility because of salting‐out. The biotic effect is reversed when Cu2+ is removed from the input, and the salting‐out effect can be overcome by improving aeration conditions.CONCLUSIONThese results, apart from having important ramifications for designing Cu ore bioleaching facilities, contribute to a more versatile and competitive idea of this clean technology. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Biosynthesis and properties of P(3HB‐co‐3HV‐co‐3H4MV) produced by using the wild‐type strain Cupriavidus eutrophus B‐10646
Authors: Volova Tatiana , Menshikova Olga , Zhila Natalia , Vasiliev Alexander , Kiselev Evgeniy , Peterson Ivan , Shishatskaya Ekaterina , Thomas Sabu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDPolyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) containing 3‐hydroxy‐4‐methylvalerate (3H4MV) have better processing properties than other PHA types and were not prone to ageing. The main challenge in the production of these polymers is to simultaneously achieve high cell biomass, high polymer content, and high molar fraction of 3H4MV. The aim of this study was to investigate the production of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate‐co‐3‐hydroxy‐4‐methylvalerate) [P(3HB‐co‐3 HV‐co‐3H4MV)] by Cupriavidus eutrophus B‐10646, synthesize polymers with different contents of 3H4MV and investigate their properties.RESULTSIt was shown that 4‐methylvalerate (4MV, the precursor substrate) concentration in the culture medium must not be higher than 1 g L−1, and that 4MV must be carefully dosed, with at least 10–12 h intervals between supplementations. A series of polymers with molar fractions of 3H4MV between 2.7 and 11.3 mol% was synthesized. Degrees of crystallinity, molecular weight characteristics, and thermal properties of the polymers have been investigated as dependent on proportions of monomers.CONCLUSIONThe content of 3H4MV depends on the concentration of 4MV and conditions of carbon nutrition. The molar fraction of 3H4MV had a strong effect on the crystalline to amorphous region ratio. PHA containing 3H4MV specimens synthesized in this study had a degree of crystallinity of below 50%, which remained unchanged for 2.5 years. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Systemic DPP4 activity is reduced during primary HIV‐1 infection and is associated with intestinal RORC+CD4+ cell levels: a surrogate marker candidate of HIV‐induced intestinal damage
Authors: Ploquin Mickaël J , Casrouge Armanda , Madec Yoann , Noël Nicolas , Jacquelin Beatrice , Huot Nicolas , Duffy Darragh , Jochems Simon P , Micci Luca , Lécuroux Camille , Boufassa Faroudy , Booiman Thijs , Garcia‐Tellez Thalia , Ghislain Mathilde , Grand Roger Le , Lambotte Olivier , Kootstra Neeltje , Meyer Laurence , Goujard Cecile , Paiardini Mirko , Albert Matthew L , Müller‐Trutwin Michaela 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionCombined anti‐retroviral therapy (cART) transformed HIV‐1 from a deadly disease into a chronic infection, but does not cure HIV infection. It also does not fully restore HIV‐induced gut damage unless administered extremely early after infection. Additional biomarkers are needed to evaluate the capacity of therapies aimed at HIV remission/cure to restore HIV‐induced intestinal immune damage and limit chronic inflammation. Herein, we aimed to identify a systemic surrogate marker whose levels would reflect gut immune damage such as intestinal Th17 cell loss starting from primary HIV‐1 infection.MethodsBiomarker discovery approaches were performed in four independent cohorts, covering HIV‐1 primary and chronic infection in 496 naïve or cART‐treated patients (Amsterdam cohort (ACS), ANRS PRIMO, COPANA and CODEX cohorts). The concentration and activity of soluble Dipeptidylpeptidase 4 (sDPP4) were quantified in the blood from these patients, including pre‐ and post‐infection samples in the ACS cohort. For quantification of DPP4 in the gut, we utilized two non‐human primate models, representing pathogenic (macaque) and non‐pathogenic (African green monkey) SIV infection. Four gut compartments were analysed in each animal model (ileum, jejunum, colon and rectum) for quantification of DPP4, RORC and TBX21 gene expression in sorted CD4+ cells. To analyse if sDPP4 levels increase when Th17 cells were restored, we quantified sDPP4 in plasma from SIV‐infected macaques treated with IL‐21.ResultsWe showed that sDPP4 levels were strongly decreased in primary HIV‐1 infection. Strikingly, sDPP4 levels in primary HIV‐1 infection predicted time to AIDS. They were not increased by cART in chronic HIV‐1 infection (median 36 months on cART). In the gut of SIV‐infected non‐human primates, DPP4 mRNA was higher in CD4+ than CD4− leucocytes. DPP4 specifically correlated with RORC expression, a Th17 marker, in CD4+ cells from the intestine. We further demonstrated that sDPP4 activity levels were increased in animals treated with IL‐21 and that this increase was associated with restoration of the Th17 compartment and reduced inflammation. Furthermore, DPP4 mRNA levels in small intestine CD4+ cells positively correlated with circulating DPP4 activity.ConclusionThese data provide evidence that blood sDPP4 levels could be useful as a correlate for HIV‐induced intestinal damage.