bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Framework for Concept and its Testing on Patents
Authors: Menshenin Yaroslav , Crawley Edward 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe development of a concept for a system is a key step towards creating the system's architecture. Most previous concept development approaches focus on the procedures for the conceptual design activity ‐ the sequence of activities and tasks. Our work is motivated by the desire to move the activities executed in a Concurrent Design Facility more upstream, in order to include choices and trade‐offs among potential system concepts in a digital environment. Therefore, the objective of this work is to develop a concept framework that can systematically represent the concept's constituents, their definitions and interconnections, such that it can be used in a computational environment. We propose a concept framework that is based on six assertions rooted in design theory, that lead to 33 entries in the framework. In order to test the completeness and utility of this framework, we have mapped eight selected US patents to the framework. Patents are a legally viable means for defending an invention, and therefore the patents must logically contain a description of the concept underlying the invention. For this small N study, we chose eight US patents that represent a broad spectrum of engineering systems and methods. The success of this mapping from patents to the proposed concept framework is a necessary condition to demonstrating the completeness and utility of the framework.
Kilovoltage transit and exit dosimetry for a small animal image‐guided radiotherapy system using built‐in EPID
Authors: Anvari Akbar , Poirier Yannick , Sawant Amit 
Published: August 2018

PurposeWe investigated the potential use of the built‐in electronic portal imaging device (EPID) in the small animal radiation research platform (SARRP) as a dosimeter in the kV energy range. To this end, we developed a method for converting portal images to a two‐dimensional (2D) dose maps at the detector plane and object's exit surface and validated them against empirical dose measurements.MethodsWe calibrated the SARRP's EPID to measure transit dose. The transit dose map was back‐projected to calculate 2D dose distribution at the object's exit surface. The accuracy of transit and exit dose distributions was independently validated with a PinPoint ion chamber (IC) and Gafchromic EBT3 film measurements for a range of radiation dose rates (0.43–2.78 cGy/s), cone sizes (5–40 mm), in a homogeneous phantom of varying thickness (0–50 mm) and in an inhomogeneous phantom containing graphite, cork, air, and aluminum.ResultsIn‐air central axis (CAX) transit dose values measured with the EPID showed close agreement with film and IC measurements. The maximum differences in EPID in‐air transit measurements with film or IC measurements were 1%. The EPID was capable of accurately measuring phantom transit dose independently of the attenuating phantom thickness, with average discrepancies of 0.5% and 2.9% with IC and film, respectively, where the maximum difference between the EPID and the IC was 1.8%. The results were slightly worse for film, with maximum differences in 4.9%. Output factor measurements using EPID were within 2.9% of both IC and film measurements. In addition, calculated exit doses agreed with film values within ≤3.1%, for attenuating phantom thicknesses ≥15 mm. The agreement became worse with decreasing phantom thickness; for thicknesses of 10 and 5 mm, agreements were ≤5.7% and ≤6.9%, respectively. Compared to film, transit and exit profiles measured with the EPID showed average differences <2% for both homogeneous and inhomogeneous materials.ConclusionWe developed and validated a novel 2D transit/exit dosimetry for a kV SA‐IGRT system using an EPID. We verified the accuracy of our method to measure EPID transit and exit dose distributions for a range of dose rates, beam attenuation, and collimation. Our results indicate that the EPID can be used as a simple, convenient device for kV dose delivery verification in small animal radiotherapy.
Oncology nurses’ perceptions of work stress and its sources in a university‐teaching hospital: A qualitative study
Authors: Wazqar Dhuha Youssef 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimTo explore and understand work stress and its sources among oncology nurses in a Saudi university‐teaching hospital.DesignQualitative descriptive study using semistructured interviews.MethodsFourteen oncology nurses working in a university‐teaching hospital were interviewed between October ‐ December 2016. Qualitative content analysis according to the Krippendorff method was used to explore work‐related stressors among oncology nurses in Saudi Arabia.ResultsTwo categories were emerged including “extent of work stress” and “work‐related stressors”. The second category included the following subcategories of workload and staff shortage, emotional demands, lack of social support, language barriers, and lack of respect from patients and family members and cultural differences.
Investigation of the Chemical Residuals on the Fused Silica during Chemical Mechanical Polishing
Authors: Xu Li , Chen Gaopan , Luo Haimei , Shi Xiaolei , Luo Guihai , Pan Guoshun 
Published: August 2018

AbstractChemical residuals on fused silica after chemical mechanical polishing with silica and ceria have been analyzed. The surface of fused silica terminates with silanol after being polished with silica abrasives but ends up with Ce‐O−Si in a ceria‐based slurry under the CMP environment. The silanol firstly synthesizes on a fused silica surface polished with ceria, but then further reacts with hydroxyl cerium groups scattering in the slurry forming Ce‐O−Si. It also reveals that polishing fused silica with silica abrasives is an alternative way giving an ultra smooth surface.
Diastereoselective One‐Pot Synthesis of Coumarin‐4‐carboxamido‐3‐esters via a Four‐Component Isocyanide‐Based Reaction and Molecular Docking Study
Authors: Teimouri Mohammad Bagher , Yousefi Samira , Khodkari Vida 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA facile and practical method has been developed for the stereoselective synthesis of coumarin‐4‐carboxamido‐3‐esters via a four‐component reaction between salicylaldehyde, malonic acid, alkyl or aryl isocyanides and various alcohols in acetonitrile at room temperature. Coumarin derivatives have been introduced to be effective in inhibition of cyclooxygenase pathways thus; the potential of new products for interaction into cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX‐1/COX‐2) was screened via in silico molecular docking towards the original compound as an assist for designing the potent inhibitors in the future studies.
Bio‐Waste Derived Carbon as Interlayer and Scaffold for Li‐S Batteries
Authors: Balakumar Kalimuthu , Packiyalakshmi Parameswaran , Kalaiselvi Nallathamby 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn an attempt to explore bio‐waste derived carbon for sulfur cathode and to exploit it further as an interlayer along with an interest to understand the individual and synergistic effect of bio‐carbon, jamun seed derived porous carbon (bio‐carbon) is deployed. Bio‐carbon contains micro‐pores and bestowed with high specific surface area of 2029 m2/g and pore volume of 1.2 ccm/g. Specifically, 60 wt.% S@bio‐carbon cathode with bio‐carbon interlayer exhibits 642 mAh/g at C/2 rate up to 75 cycles, which is two times higher than the capacity obtained without bio‐carbon interlayer. Notably, bio‐carbon interlayer leads to a 2–3 fold decrease in shuttle current and improves the performance of Li−S cell. Besides, effect of combination of bio‐carbon and Super‐P carbon as scaffold and/or as interlayer is studied, wherein bio‐carbon as scaffold and as interlayer outperforms in terms of capacity retention, better Coulombic efficiency and higher active material holding capability in Li−S batteries. Furthermore, even at a high rate of 3C, bio‐carbon/S‐60 cathode with bio‐carbon interlayer exhibits a capacity of 256 mAh/g, mainly due to the facile lithium kinetics of sulfur in the jamun seed derived bio‐carbon interlayer containing Li−S batteries.
Coupled Inductive Annealing‐Electrochemical Setup for Controlled Preparation and Characterization of Alloy Crystal Surface Electrodes
Authors: Özer Ebru , Paul Benjamin , Spöri Camillo , Strasser Peter 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe present versatile multifunctional electrochemical crystal preparation‐test station features capabilities for controlled thermal annealing of any type of (binary) metallic or oxidic catalyst or support crystal surfaces, in particular single crystals. The setup enables rapid inductive heating of the electrodes to temperatures up to 1900 °C under precise infrared temperature control in controlled gas atmospheres. The constant overpressure inside the cell prevents the ambient atmosphere to permeate and contaminate the process. Finely adjusted sensors afford accurate and instant information on the electrodes' surface temperature. The subsequent cooling process in argon atmosphere proceeds without any treatment in water. After annealing, the crystals inside the chamber can immediately be subjected to any type of electrochemical deposition, modification, or characterization in two distinct three‐electrode chambers, again without any exposure to air. Both chambers feature pump‐controlled supply and withdrawal of liquid electrolyte. A special characteristic is the inert‐gas flow inversion capability to transfer electrodes into separate portable inert‐gas chambers. Design details are presented and their functionality during thermal preparation and electrochemical voltammetry of Ir(111) catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction are demonstrated. The station provides a crystal handling environment superior to the classic flame annealing approaches, yet to constitute a cost‐effective alternative to vacuum chambers.
A landscape view on the interplay between EMT and cancer metastasis
Authors: Li Chunhe , Balazsi Gabor 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a basic developmental process that converts epithelial cells to mesenchymal cells. Although EMT might promote cancer metastasis, the molecular mechanisms for it remain to be fully clarified. To address this issue, we constructed an EMT-metastasis gene regulatory network model and quantified the potential landscape of cancer metastasis-promoting system computationally. We identified four steady-state attractors on the landscape, which separately characterize anti-metastatic (A), metastatic (M), and two other intermediate (I1 and I2) cell states. The tetrastable landscape and the existence of intermediate states are consistent with recent single-cell measurements. We identified one of the two intermediate states I1 as the EMT state. From a MAP approach, we found that for metastatic progression cells need to first undergo EMT (enter the I1 state), and then become metastatic (switch from the I1 state to the M state). Specifically, for metastatic progression, EMT genes (such as ZEB) should be activated before metastasis genes (such as BACH1). This suggests that temporal order is important for the activation of cellular programs in biological systems, and provides a possible mechanism of EMT-promoting cancer metastasis. To identify possible therapeutic targets from this landscape view, we performed sensitivity analysis for individual molecular factors, and identified optimal interventions for landscape control. We found that minimizing transition actions more effectively identifies optimal combinations of targets that induce transitions between attractors than single-factor sensitivity analysis. Overall, the landscape view not only suggests that intermediate states increase plasticity during cell fate decisions, providing a possible source for tumor heterogeneity that is critically important in metastatic progress, but also provides a way to identify therapeutic targets for preventing cancer progression.
Correlation factors for distal syndesmosis ossification following internal fixation of ankle fracture
Authors: Bai Lu , Zhou Wen , Zhang Wentao , Liu Jianxin , Zhang Honglei 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis clinical retrospective study explored factors associated with distal tibiofibular syndesmosis ossification (TFSO) after ankle fracture fixation. Between August 2012 and January 2015, 172 patients with ankle fractures (121 men) with an average age of 46.6 years (range, 22–71 years) were treated surgically with an average follow-up period of 26 months (range, 16–34 months). According to the Danis-Weber AO classification rubric, 54 fractures were type A, 78 were type B, and 40 were type C. According to the Lauge-Hansen classification, there were 17 supination-adduction (SA) fractures, 98 supination-external rotation (SE) fractures, 31 pronation-external rotation (PE) fractures, and 26 pronation-abduction (PA) fractures. The average injury to operation interval was 4.3 days (6 hours-7 days). Multiple factor analysis was conducted to examine risk factors for TFSO. It was observed in 36 (20.9%) cases (11 complete ossification cases; 25 partial ossification cases). Multivariate logistic regression revealed the following independent risk factors for TFSO were: AO classification, distal tibiofibular syndesmosis separation, and fibular fracture morphology. In conclusion, AO type C fracture, syndesmosis separation, and high fibular fracture were associated with distal TFSO following ankle fracture fixation.
Non-calorimetric determination of absorbed power during magnetic nanoparticle based hyperthermia
Authors: Gresits I. , Thuróczy Gy. , Sági O. , Gyüre-Garami B. , Márkus B. G. , Simon F. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractNanomagnetic hyperthermia (NMH) is intensively studied with the prospect of cancer therapy. A major challenge is to determine the dissipated power during in vivo conditions and conventional methods are either invasive or inaccurate. We present a non-calorimetric method which yields the heat absorbed during hyperthermia: it is based on accurately measuring the quality factor change of a resonant radio frequency circuit which is employed for the irradiation. The approach provides the absorbed power in real-time, without the need to monitor the sample temperature as a function of time. As such, it is free from the problems caused by the non-adiabatic heating conditions of the usual calorimetry. We validate the method by comparing the dissipated power with a conventional calorimetric measurement. We present the validation for two types of resonators with very different filling factors: a solenoid and a so-called birdcage coil. The latter is a volume coil, which is generally used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) under in vivo condition. The presented method therefore allows to effectively combine MRI and thermotherapy and is thus readily adaptable to existing imaging hardware.
Enhanced interlayer neutral excitons and trions in trilayer van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Choi Chanyeol , Huang Jiahui , Cheng Hung-Chieh , Kim Hyunseok , Vinod Abhinav Kumar , Bae Sang-Hoon , Özçelik V. Ongun , Grassi Roberto , Chae Jongjae , Huang Shu-Wei , Duan Xiangfeng , Kaasbjerg Kristen , Low Tony , Wong Chee Wei 
Published: August 2018

AbstractVertically stacked van der Waals heterostructures constitute a promising platform for providing tailored band alignment with enhanced excitonic systems. Here, we report observations of neutral and charged interlayer excitons in trilayer WSe2–MoSe2–WSe2 van der Waals heterostructures and their dynamics. The addition of a WSe2 layer in the trilayer leads to significantly higher photoluminescence quantum yields and tunable spectral resonance compared to its bilayer heterostructures at cryogenic temperatures. The observed enhancement in the photoluminescence quantum yield is due to significantly larger electron–hole overlap and higher light absorbance in the trilayer heterostructure, supported via first-principles pseudopotential calculations based on spin-polarized density functional theory. We further uncover the temperature- and power-dependence, as well as time-resolved photoluminescence of the trilayer heterostructure interlayer neutral excitons and trions. Our study elucidates the prospects of manipulating light emission from interlayer excitons and designing atomic heterostructures from first-principles for optoelectronics.
T2 Magnetic Resonance to Monitor Hemostasis
Authors: Cuker Adam , Marturano Joseph , Carinato Maria , Lowery Thomas , Cines Douglas 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThere is a clinical need for pragmatic approaches to measure integrated hemostatic reactions in whole blood rapidly, using small volumes of blood. The authors have applied T2 magnetic resonance (T2MR) to assess coagulation reactions based on partitioning of red blood cells and proteins that occurs during fibrin formation and platelet-mediated clot contraction. T2MR is amenable to measuring clotting times, individual coagulation factors, and platelet function. T2MR also revealed a novel “hypercoagulable” signature characterized by fibrin clots almost insusceptible to fibrinolysis that surround tessellated arrays of polyhedral erythrocytes (“third peak”). This signature, which develops under conditions associated with intense clot formation in vitro, may help identify patients at risk of developing thrombosis and for monitoring antithrombotic therapies in the future.
Molekulare Allergologie
Authors: Dittrich A.-M. 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungDie molekulare Allergiediagnostik kann die Bildung von allergenspezifischem IgE gegen einzelne Komponenten eines nativen Allergens nachweisen. Sie stellt somit eine Erweiterung der klassischen extraktbasierten Allergiediagnostik dar. Durch eine solche komponentenbasierte Diagnostik kann es gelingen, Reaktionsmuster eines Patienten zu identifizieren, die mit einem unterschiedlichen Schweregrad oder Risiko bestimmter allergischer Reaktionen einhergehen. Klinisch-epidemiologische Studien deuten außerdem an, dass komponentenbasierte Reaktionsmuster möglichweise auch helfen können, Therapieansprechen und/oder Krankheitsverläufe besser einzuschätzen.
Elements of indigenous socio-ecological knowledge show resilience despite ecosystem changes in the forest-grassland mosaics of the Nilgiri Hills, India
Authors: Cordero Rodrigo León , M Suma , Krishnan Siddhartha , Bauch Chris T. , Anand Madhur 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe Nilgiri Hills in the Western Ghats of India constitute a region of high biological and cultural diversity, and include an endangered shola forest-grassland mosaic ecosystem. A mosaic ecosystem is one consisting of adjacent, coexisting patches of highly distinct naturally occurring land states (in this case, shola forest and natural grassland). Changes in the landscape since the nineteenth century have severely impacted the shola-grassland mosaic and challenged the traditional lifestyles of the indigenous Toda people. However, the responses of traditional Toda socio-ecological perspectives and landscape management to these changes have not been explored through population surveys. Here, using a survey method, the article explores traditional Toda perspectives of ecosystem value and landmanagement practices. The survey consists of interviews of 50 respondents belonging to 24munds(villages), covering ten clans, neighbouring mosaic lands, plantations and agricultural areas. The findings show that traditional socio-ecological landscape management is robust and has persisted despite marked ecological and socio-economic changes during the nineteenth and twenty-first centuries, and despite frequent gathering of land management advice from non-Toda. Elements of traditional socio-ecological knowledge that have persisted include prevalent collective traditional decision-making and long-held preferences for a landscape composition with a strong mosaic component. The highly robust nature of Toda socio-ecological culture and land management suggests that the Todas have a valuable role to play in supporting the long-term persistence of the shola-grassland mosaic. Increasing their stewardship role would help conserve this endangered and highly biodiverse ecosystem, while at the same time preserving a unique indigenous culture.
A generic deep convolutional neural network framework for prediction of receptor–ligand interactions—NetPhosPan: application to kinase phosphorylation prediction
Authors: Fenoy Emilio , Izarzugaza Jose M G , Jurtz Vanessa , Brunak Søren , Nielsen Morten 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Understanding the specificity of protein receptor–ligand interactions is pivotal for our comprehension of biological mechanisms and systems. Receptor protein families often have a certain level of sequence diversity that converges into fewer conserved protein structures, allowing the exertion of well-defined functions. T and B cell receptors of the immune system and protein kinases that control the dynamic behaviour and decision processes in eukaryotic cells by catalysing phosphorylation represent prime examples. Driven by the large sequence diversity, the receptors within such protein families are often found to share specificities although divergent at the sequence level. This observation has led to the notion that prediction models of such systems are most effectively handled in a receptor-specific manner.

Results
We show that this approach in many cases is suboptimal, and describe an alternative improved framework for generating models with pan-receptor-predictive power for receptor protein families. The framework is based on deep artificial neural networks and integrates information from individual receptors into a single pan-receptor model, leveraging information across multiple receptor-specific datasets allowing predictions of the receptor specificity for all members of a given protein family including those described by limited or no ligand data. The approach was applied to the protein kinase superfamily, leading to the method NetPhosPan. The method was extensively validated and benchmarked against state-of-the-art prediction methods and was found to have unprecedented performance in particularly for kinase domains characterized by limited or no experimental data.

Availability and implementation
The method is freely available to non-commercial users and can be downloaded at http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/NetPhospan-1.0.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Uniqueness of multipliers in optimal control: the missing piece
Authors: Becerril Jorge A , Cortez Karla L , Rosenblueth Javier F 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In a well-known paper by Kyparisis it is proved that, in nonlinear programming, the uniqueness of Lagrange multipliers is equivalent to a strict version of the Mangasarian–Fromovitz constraint qualification which, in turn, implies the satisfaction of second-order necessary optimality conditions. This is no longer the case in optimal control where, as shown in a recent paper, the corresponding strict constraint qualification is only sufficient for the uniqueness of multipliers. In this paper we exhibit the missing piece: a new, simple condition, implied by the strict constraint qualification, which is necessary and sufficient for the uniqueness of multipliers in optimal control.