bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Vs Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for the Treatment of Provoked Vestibulodynia in a Hospital Clinic Setting
Authors: Brotto Lori A. , Bergeron Sophie , Zdaniuk Bozena , Driscoll Miriam , Grabovac Andrea , Sadownik Leslie A. , Smith Kelly B. , Basson Rosemary 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Chronic and distressing genito-pelvic pain associated with vaginal penetration is most frequently due to provoked vestibulodynia (PVD). Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) significantly reduces genital pain intensity and improves psychological and sexual well-being. In general chronic pain populations, mindfulness-based approaches may be as effective for improving pain intensity as CBT.

Aim
To compare mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) with CBT in the treatment of PVD.

Methods
To ensure power of 0.95 to find medium effect size or larger in this longitudinal design, we enrolled 130 participants. Of these, 63 were assigned to CBT (mean age 31.2 years), and 67 to MBCT (mean age 33.7 years). Data from all participants who completed baseline measures were analyzed, with intent-to-treat analyses controlling for years since diagnosis.

Main Outcome Measures
Our primary outcome was self-reported pain during vaginal penetration at immediate post-treatment and at 6 months’ follow-up. Secondary endpoints included pain ratings with a vulvalgesiometer, pain catastrophizing, pain hypervigilance, pain acceptance, sexual function, and sexual distress.

Results
There was a significant interaction between group and time for self-reported pain, such that improvements with MBCT were greater than those with CBT. For all other endpoints, both groups led to similar significant improvements, and benefits were maintained at 6 months.

Clinical Implications
Mindfulness is a promising approach to improving self-reported pain from vaginal penetration and is as effective as CBT for several psychological endpoints.

Strength & Limitations
A strength of the present study was the robust sample size (n = 130 women) who had received confirmed clinical diagnoses of PVD.

Conclusion
The present study showed mindfulness to be as effective for most pain- and sexuality-related endpoints in the treatment of PVD.
Interventions to reduce emergency department door-to- electrocardiogram times: A systematic review
Authors: Chhabra Shawn , Eagles Debra , Kwok Edmund S.H. , Perry Jeffrey J 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesWe sought to identify emergency department interventions that lead to improvement in door-to-electrocardiogram (ECG) times for adults presenting with symptoms suggestive of acute coronary syndrome.MethodsTwo reviewers searched Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane CENTRAL from inception to April 2018 for studies in adult emergency departments with an identifiable intervention to reduce median door-to-ECG times when compared with the institution's baseline. Quality was assessed using the Quality Improvement Minimum Quality Criteria Set critical appraisal tool. The primary outcome was the absolute median reduction in door-to-ECG times as calculated by the difference between the post-intervention time and pre-intervention time.ResultsTwo reviewers identified 809 unique articles, yielding 11 before-after quality improvement studies that met eligibility criteria (N = 15,622 patients). The majority of studies (10/11) reported bundled interventions, and most (10/11) showed statistical improvement in door-to-ECG times. The most common interventions were having a dedicated ECG machine and technician in triage (5/11); improved triage education (4/11); improved triage disposition (2/11); and data feedback mechanisms (2/11).ConclusionsThere are multiple interventions that show potential for reducing emergency department door-to-ECG times. Effective bundled interventions include having a dedicated ECG technician, triage education, and better triage disposition. These changes can help institutions attain best practice guidelines. Emergency departments must first understand their local context before adopting any single or group of interventions.
People with schizophrenia show enhanced cognitive costs of maintaining a single item in working memory
Authors: Gold James M. , Bansal Sonia , Gaspar John M. , Chen Shuo , Robinson Benjamin M. , Hahn Britta , Luck Steven J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundWorking memory (WM) deficits are seen as a core deficit in schizophrenia, implicated in the broad cognitive impairment seen in the illness. Here we examine the impact of WM storage of a single item on the operation of other cognitive systems.MethodsWe studied 37 healthy controls (HCS) and 43 people with schizophrenia (PSZ). Each trial consisted of a sequence of two potential target stimuli, T1 and T2. T1 was a letter presented for 100 ms. After delays of 100–800 ms, T2 was presented. T2 was a 1 or a 2 and required a speeded response. In one condition, subjects were instructed to ignore T1 but respond to T2. In another condition, they were required to report T1 after making their speeded response to T2 (i.e. to make a speeded T2 response while holding T1 in WM).ResultsPSZ were dramatically slowed at responding to T2 when T1 was held in WM. A repeated measures ANOVA yielded main effects of group, delay, and condition with a group by condition interaction (p's < 0.001). Across delays, the slowing of the T2 response when required to hold T1 in memory, relative to ignoring T1, was nearly 3 times higher in PSZ than HCS (633 v. 219 ms).ConclusionsWhereas previous studies have focused on reduced storage capacity, the present study found that PSZ are impaired at performing tasks while they are successfully maintaining a single item in WM. This may play a role in the broad cognitive impairment seen in PSZ.
LE ELEZIONI NELLA CECOSLOVACCHIA DEMOCRATICA (1990-1992)
Authors: Campione Anna 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneNei decenni precedenti l'instaurazione dei regimi comunisti nessuno dei sistemi politici dell'Europa centro-orientale, ad eccezione della Cecoslovacchia e della Germania, aveva sviluppato strutture partitiche relativamente forti, specie se confrontate con i sistemi democratici dell'Europa occidentale. Dopo la breve parentesi post-bellica di competizione «pluralistica» gli organi rappresentativi e le elezioni stesse erano stati trasformati in strumenti funzionali al dominio del partito unico. Benché il parlamento costituisse secondo le costituzioni di quei paesi l'organo più autorevole dello stato, le stesse avevano finito per recepire il principio (stabilito dalla costituzione sovietica del 1977) del partito comunista come «forza guida della società» (Ulc 1982)
LA GEOMETRIA DELLO SPAZIO ELETTORALE IN ITALIA
Authors: Ricolfi Luca 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneQuante dimensioni sono necessarie per rappresentare le posizioni dei partiti italiani nello spazio elettorale? La classica rappresentazione dei partiti lungo un unico continuum, il cosiddetto asse sinistra-destra, è ancora attuale? E se non lo è, quali sono le dimensioni oggi pertinenti?Negli ultimi cinquant'anni il problema della unidimensionalità dello spazio elettorale ha sempre avuto un certo rilievo perché, dopo gli studi pionieristici di Black, Arrow e Coombs sul rapporto fra preferenze individuali e regole di scelta sociale, l'assunto di unidimensionalità è diventato, per così dire, il certificato di garanzia dei sistemi democratici. Solo assumendo uno spazio elettorale unidimensionale l'adozione della regola della maggioranza non incappa nel «paradosso del voto» su cui per primi, verso la fine del ‘700, avevano attirato l'attenzione Jean-Charles de Borda (1781) e il Marchese di Condorcet (1785).
L'ASCESA DELL'EUROPA MERIDIONALE: CENTRO E PERIFERIA NELLA COMUNITÀ EUROPEA
Authors: Leonardi Robert 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneLa ratifica del Trattato di Maastricht tra i dodici paesi membri della Comunità europea mette in evidenza una contraddizione sottesa agli studi e alle riflessioni sull'Europa meridionale. In passato gli stati di questa area - Grecia, Spagna, Portogallo e anche l'Italia - sono stati descritti come paesi periferici o semi-periferici. Nelle analisi delle loro strutture politiche ed economiche si è sottolineata la difficoltà che questi paesi hanno incontrato nell'inserirsi nel flusso dello sviluppo economico europeo, nel partecipare attivamente alla determinazione delle politiche all'interno dell'Europa e alla definizione della posizione europea sulle problematiche mondiali. La gestione delle vicende europee continua ad essere vista come un processo dominato dai paesi settentrionali, cioè da quei paesi che hanno una più antica tradizione di istituzioni democratiche e di economie robuste.
The Metalwork
Authors: Oldham Brian 
Published: May 2019

The excavation produced a total of 23 metal artefacts; five of copper alloy and eighteen of iron. This material was recovered from two trenches only (B and E). 7 ne relationship of types to trenches is given in table 2.Copper alloy (fig, 9).1. Terret ring. Oval in form and of circular cross-section, with a low ridge-moulding around the outer edge of the loop. The loop tapers gradually from 7.2 mm diameter at the terminals to 6.2 mm opposite them. The terminals are circular (12.8 mm diameter) and have a shallow groove incised around them close to their inner faces. The attachment bar is parallel-sided and of rectangular section (6.6 mm x 4.5 mm). External dimensions: 54 mm x 47.2 mm; weight 41.6 gm.
The lithic industry: fieldwork and
surface collections in the Borwick
area
Authors: Clare T. 
Published: May 2019

The area known as Dock Acres, almost
immediately due west of Manor Farm, Borwick, was
variously reputed to have been the site of a Roman
dock, Medieval castle and/or Medieval dock.
Initial field survey when the area was still
permanent pasture was carried out in advance of
gravel extraction by Mr B.J.N.Edwards. Subsequent
observation of the first stages of quarrying was
undertaken by the author (as a student) and led to
the recovery of some lithic material. It is
perhaps worth noting in passing that observation
of a later stage of mineral extraction by the
author and the newly formed Moorholme Local
History Society led to the recording of the
vestigial remains of the Medieval castle.The lithic material was recovered from the top
and in the vicinity of the largest topographical
feature; a flat topped mound some 150 m by 50 m.
This ‘mound’ was separated from a similar more
extensive area to the south by a broad channel
whilst flat, low lying ground lay to east, north
west and north where there were two small
rectangular mounds.
Report on the buried
soil
Authors: Keeley Helen C.M. 
Published: May 2019

Present-day soils in the Borwick area form the
Carnforth Association, i.e. freely drained
gravelly brown earths, some calcareous brown
earths and peaty gleys and peaty soils in hollows.
pH is normally 6 to 7, with some soil pH higher
than 7.The buried soil beneath the cairn was a
truncated stagnopodzol with a pH of 7.35. The Eag,
Bf and Bs horizons were present but the lack of a
topsoil and relatively high pH suggested that
pollen analysis of the soil would be unproductive.
Similarly, detailed soil analysis was unlikely to
add to the interpretation of the site and was
therefore not pursued. The development of
podsolised soils on such gravels is not unusual
and may indicate that the vegetation at the time
the cairn was constructed was acid grassland or
moorland. The soil pH would have been on the acid
side at this stage, rising subsequently due to
downward leaching of the calcium carbonate from
the overlying limestone of the enclosure.
Geological Identification of Stone Artefacts and Samples from Hog Cliff Hill, Maiden Newton, Dorset
Authors: Ensom P.C. 
Published: May 2019

ArtefactsD17 (pit, phase 4) Text D.5.Chert form the Upper Greensand. Heavily battered - an effect unlikely to have been produced by natural causes. This type of chert is found in Dorset, and chert beds are reported to occur from the Maiden Newton area westwards. Lumps the size of this and D. 39 below are likely to have been imported. The chert beds of the Upper Greensand lie below the Chalk.
Balneaves: The Botanical Remains
Authors: Rushc Christine M 
Published: May 2019

Samples were taken from the ditch and various pits within the enclosure and processed foi carbonised remains. All samples were wet sieved using mesh sizes of 1mm and 300ji and the material from the coarse flot (1mm) was sorted. Of the thirty six samples taken, twelve produced small amounts of carbonised plant material. The results from these seven ditch and five pit samples form the basis of this report.A list of the species identified in each context is given below in Tables 6 and 7. Evidence for cereal grain is scant. Emmer (Triticum dicoccum) and barley (Hordeum sp.) are present. Both are known from the Bronze Age in Britain and in Scotland emmer appears to remain the commonest wheat into the Roman period and beyond (Jones 1981, 106). The evidence for emmer comes from a single grain and fragments of chaff from the ditch (context 1002A) near the entrance of the enclosure. A fragment of hulled barley was also found in the SW section of the ditch (context 1003). This fragment appeared to be twisted which suggests that the six-row variety is present. One other fragment of barley (possibly hulled) is present in context 1103A in Pit 10 (a large pit to the S of the enclosure).
Park of Tongland: Description of the Soil Thin Sections
Authors: Davidson Donald 
Published: May 2019

Four samples were collected from a vertical sequence with No 1 at the base straddling contexts 0089 and 0066, No 2 straddling contexts 0066 and 0021, No 3 in the centre of context 0021, and uppemiost No 4 between contexts 0021 and 0065.The four slides were described following the international system for thin section description (Bullock et al., 1985). Slides No 1 and 2 were virtually identical whilst slides 3 and 4 were variations on these. It thus seemed best to provide a full description of slide No 1 which is also applicable to No 2 and then only to describe the differences between these two pairs of slides which are of a particular interpretational value.
Underlying deficits in language-disordered children with central auditory processing difficulties
Authors: James Denita , van Steenbrugge Willem , Chiveralls Keith 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPhonological working memory and auditory processing skills were investigated in a group of language-disordered children with central auditory processing (CAP) difficulties. Comparisons were made with two groups of control children, one group matched on chronological age and nonverbal intelligence and the other matched on language age. The CAP disordered children showed poorer abilities in nonword repetition and word recall. In agreement with earlier findings in language-disordered children (Gathercole & Baddeley, 1990), the CAP disordered children were sensitive to the phonological similarity and word length of the recall lists. However, contrary to earlier findings, the CAP disordered children in the present study also showed poorer phoneme discrimination skills. These findings may be inconsistent with the notion of one central deficit (poor phonological working memory) in CAP disordered children with a language deficit.
The Expiration of Morality
Authors: Matson Wallace I. 
Published: May 2019

Has Alexander Pope's prediction, made a quarter of a millennium ago (1742), come true in our own day?No one who has lived through the last thirty years is unaware of the spectacular alterations of behavior norms that have occurred in most Western societies. It is not merely that everywhere incivility and crime are on the increase, that there are more and more violations of moral standards which nevertheless continue to be acknowledged. Rather, we witness the relaxation or disappearance of the standards themselves. What was bad becomes permissible or even a positive good.
The classroom performance and behavior of sexually abused females
Authors: Trickett Penelope K. , McBride-Chang Catherine , Putnam Frank W. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study examines the relationship of child sexual abuse to classroom academic performance and behavior in a sample of 6–16-year-old girls. Half of the sample was sexually abused by a family member. The other half is a demographically similar nonabused comparison group. Measures of academic performance include school records, teacher's ratings of classroom behavior and performance, and parental reports of school performance. Possible mediators of the impact of sexual abuse on classroom performance and behavior – cognitive capability, perceived competence, and behavior problems–are also measured. Results can be summarized as follows, (a) A history of sexual abuse does predict academic performance: Abuse is directly negatively related to ratings of classroom social competence, competent learner, and overall academic performance and positively related to school avoidant behavior, but is not related to grades, (b) Sexual abuse is negatively related to cognitive ability and positively related to measures of behavior problems indicating depression, destructiveness, and dissociation, (c) Cognitive ability and perceived competence predict the more “academic” aspects of academic performance—grades, ratings as a competent learner, and overall academic performance. Behavior problems predict ratings as a competent learner, classroom social competence, school avoidant behavior, and overall academmic performance.
People in Need: Challenges and Dilemmas
Authors: Brown Roy I 
Published: May 2019

Historical OverviewThe recorded history of disability is long yet, apart from the past 50 years, sparse. There is anthropological evidence that early man may on occasion have cared and protected persons with disabilities. For example Hadingham (1979) cites evidence of formal burial, around 45 thousand BC, of an individual (40 years plus) with long standing physical disabilities, but in later records there is also evidence of exploitation. In more recent times the records of the American Mental Deficiency Society - A Century of Concern (Sloan and Stevens, 1976) - indicate that a variety of both benign and restrictive approaches have been tried. The ideas of normalization, vocational employment, sterilization, incarceration were all proposed though sometimes not under these headings.Developments during the past 50 years have been rapid and have been directed to scientific, practical and, more recently, societal approaches to disability. Yet, as I have indicated, these changes had their roots in earlier developments in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Itard and Seguin developed learning strategies which forecast modern learning and behavioural management techniques. Binet’s (1916) concern with disadvantaged students paved the way for intelligence testing, but also added fuel to the development of the nature-nurture controversy which was influenced by the views of Galton and Darwin.
NLP commercialisation in the last 25 years
Authors: Dale Robert 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Journal of Natural Language Engineering is now in its 25th year. The editorial preface to the first issue emphasised that the focus of the journal was to be on the practical application of natural language processing (NLP) technologies: the time was ripe for a serious publication that helped encourage research ideas to find their way into real products. The commercialisation of NLP technologies had already started by that point, but things have advanced tremendously over the last quarter-century. So, to celebrate the journal’s anniversary, we look at how commercial NLP products have developed over the last 25 years.
Second language acquisition of American Sign Language influences co-speech gesture production
Authors: Weisberg Jill , Casey Shannon , Sevcikova Sehyr Zed , Emmorey Karen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPrevious work indicates that 1) adults with native sign language experience produce more manual co-speech gestures than monolingual non-signers, and 2) one year of ASL instruction increases gesture production in adults, but not enough to differentiate them from non-signers. To elucidate these effects, we asked early ASL–English bilinguals, fluent late second language (L2) signers (≥ 10 years of experience signing), and monolingual non-signers to retell a story depicted in cartoon clips to a monolingual partner. Early and L2 signers produced manual gestures at higher rates compared to non-signers, particularly iconic gestures, and used a greater variety of handshapes. These results indicate susceptibility of the co-speech gesture system to modification by extensive sign language experience, regardless of the age of acquisition. L2 signers produced more ASL signs and more handshape varieties than early signers, suggesting less separation between the ASL lexicon and the co-speech gesture system for L2 signers.
A five-step approach for developing and implementing a Rural Primary Health Care Model for Dementia: a community–academic partnership
Authors: Morgan Debra , Kosteniuk Julie , Seitz Dallas , O’Connell Megan E. , Kirk Andrew , Stewart Norma J. , Holroyd-Leduc Jayna , Daku Jean , Hack Tracy , Hoium Faye , Kennett-Russill Deb , Sauter Kristen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimThis study is aimed at developing a Rural Primary Health Care (PHC) Model for delivering comprehensive PHC for dementia in rural settings and addressing the gap in knowledge about disseminating and implementing evidence-based dementia care in a rural PHC context.BackgroundLimited access to specialists and services in rural areas leads to increased responsibility for dementia diagnosis and management in PHC, yet a gap exists in evidence-based best practices for rural dementia care.MethodsElements of the Rural PHC Model for Dementia were based on seven principles of effective PHC for dementia identified from published research and organized into three domains: team-based care, decision support, and specialist-to-provider support. Since 2013 the researchers have collaborated with a rural PHC team in a community of 1000 people in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan to operationalize these elements in ways that were feasible in the local context. The five-step approach included: building relationships; conducting a problem analysis/needs assessment; identifying core and adaptable elements of a decision support tool embedded in the model and resolving applicability issues; implementing and adapting the intervention with local stakeholders; and sustaining the model while incrementally scaling up.ResultsDeveloping and sustaining relationships at regional and PHC team levels was critical. A comprehensive needs assessment identified challenges related to all domains of the Rural PHC Model. An existing decision support tool for dementia diagnosis and management was adapted and embedded in the team’s electronic medical record. Strategies for operationalizing other model elements included integrating team-based care co-ordination into the decision support tool and family-centered case conferences. Research team specialists provided educational sessions on topics identified by the PHC team. This paper provides an example of a community-based process for adapting evidence-based practice principles to a real-world setting.