bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevational rear edges shifted at least as much as leading edges over the last century
Authors: Rumpf Sabine B. , Hülber Karl , Zimmermann Niklaus E. , Dullinger Stefan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimRange shifts along elevational gradients are considered a major response of mountain species to climate change. However, empirical studies have so far mainly focused on leading edges or on species’ optima, and evidence of rear edge shifts remains scarce. Yet, the balance between leading and rear edge shifts has important consequences for conservation and co‐determines species’ extinction risk. Here, we present a comparative synthesis of range dynamics observed at both range limits.LocationGlobal.Time period1850–present.Major taxa studiedPlants, invertebrates, vertebrates.MethodsFrom the literature, we compiled elevational leading and rear edge shifts of 1,026 species observed at the same localities over the same time period. We used linear mixed‐effects models to analyse whether both range limits shifted upslope, whether leading edges shifted faster than rear edges and elevational range sizes have thus changed, whether observed shifts were linked to temperature changes, and whether shifts lagged behind temperature changes.ResultsDespite pronounced species‐specific variation, both range limits shifted upslope on average. Rates of shift did not differ between rear and leading edges, elevational range sizes thus did not change. Regional differences in temperature trends were only related to dynamics at rear edges. Yet, the stronger climate warmed regionally, the more species’ responses lagged behind expectations at both range limits.Main conclusionsOur results demonstrate that extinctions at rear edges of mountain species have at least been as common as colonizations at leading edges. The drivers of observed range limit shifts are not deducible from our data, but weak relationships with temperature trends suggest that other factors than climate warming played an additional role. These results do not relax concerns about possible detrimental effects of environmental change on mountain biodiversity and point to the importance of refocusing monitoring towards a better representation of rear edge dynamics.
Upper GI biopsies for adenocarcinoma – how many biopsies should endoscopists take?
Authors: Kaye Philip , Lindsay Daniel , Madhusudan Srinivasan , Vohra Ravinder , Catton James , Platt Craig , Ragunath Krish 
Published: December 2018

AimsThere is evidence that four or five gastric cancer biopsies are required for accurate HER2 interpretation. However, the number of biopsies that need to be taken to reach this number of viable cancer biopsies is without evidence. This study aimed to address this gap by assessing the number of biopsies required to gain at least four viable biopsies containing cancer.Methods and resultsA total of 105 consecutive biopsy cases of gastric and oesophageal adenocarcinoma were retrieved from files. Only definite cancer diagnoses were included; missed cancers or unproven cases were not considered. The cases were reviewed and the number of biopsies taken, and the number containing viable tumour was recorded. In total, 667 biopsies were taken, of which 471 had viable tumour (70.6%). Seventy of 105 cases (67%) had four viable tumour biopsies, but only 47 of 105 (45%) had five viable tumour biopsies. In order to have a >90% chance of having four viable tumour biopsies, seven needed to be taken, while 10 or more were required for a >90% chance of five viable tumour biopsies. Mathematically, using a 0.7 probability for a single biopsy, eight biopsies would be required for a 94% chance of at least four viable tumour biopsies.ConclusionIn our large upper GI cancer centre, many biopsy cases do not contain sufficient material for adequate HER2 assessment. In order to meet the four‐biopsy requirement for adequate HER2 assessment in >90% of cases, at least eight biopsies need to be taken, while 10 biopsies would be required for the 5‐cancer biopsy threshold.
Evidence on the Koseda coast of Yakushima Island of a tsunami during the 7.3 ka Kikai caldera eruption
Authors: Nanayama Futoshi , Maeno Fukashi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPrevious research indicates that Yakushima Island, southwestern Japan, may have been struck by a huge tsunami before or soon after the arrival of the Koya pyroclastic flow during the 7.3 ka caldera‐forming Kikai eruption, but this has not yet been confirmed. This paper describes sedimentological and chronostratigraphic evidence showing that Unit TG, one of three gravel beds exposed on the Koseda coast of northeast Yakushima Island and investigated here, is a tsunami deposit. Unit TG is a poorly sorted, 30 cm thick gravel bed overlying a wave‐cut bench and underlying a Koya pyroclastic flow deposit. Sparse wood fragments in Unit TG were dated at 7 416–7 167 cal year BP. The constituent gravel clasts of Unit TG are similar in composition to those of modern beach and river deposits along the Koseda coast. Unit TG also contains pumice clasts whose chemistry is identical to that of pumice derived from the 7.3 ka eruption at Kikai caldera. The long‐axis orientations and composition of gravel clasts in Unit TG suggest that they were transported by a landward‐travelling high‐particle‐concentration flow, which suggests that Unit TG was deposited by a tsunami run‐up flow during the 7.3 ka Kikai caldera eruption, just before the arrival of the major Koya pyroclastic flow at the Koseda coast. Whether the 7.3 ka tsunami was caused by a volcanic eruption or an earthquake remains unclear, but Unit TG demonstrates that a tsunami arrived immediately before emplacement of a Koya pyroclastic flow.
The distributions of HLA‐A, HLA‐B, HLA‐C, HLA‐DRB1 and HLA‐DQB1 allele and haplotype at high‐resolution level in Zhejiang Han population of China
Authors: Chen Nanying , Wang Wei , Wang Fang , Dong Lina , Zhao Shuoxian , Zhang Wei , He Ji , Huang He , Zhu Faming 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe distributions of HLA allele and haplotype are variable in different ethnic populations and the data for some populations have been published. However, the data on HLA‐C and HLA‐DQB1 loci and the haplotype of HLA‐A, HLA‐B, HLA‐C, HLA‐DRB1 and HLA‐DQB1 loci at a high‐resolution level are limited in Zhejiang Han population, China. In this study, the frequencies of the HLA‐A, HLA‐B, HLA‐C, HLA‐DRB1 and HLA‐DQB1 loci and haplotypes were analysed among 3,548 volunteers from the Zhejiang Han population using polymerase chain reaction sequencing‐based typing method. Totals of 51 HLA‐A, 97 HLA‐B, 45 HLA‐C, 53 HLA‐DRB1 and 27 HLA‐DQB1 alleles were observed. The top three frequent alleles of HLA‐A, HLA‐B, HLA‐C, HLA‐DRB1 and HLA‐DQB1 loci were A*11:01 (23.83%), A*24:02 (17.16%), A*02:01 (11.36%); B*40:01 (14.08%), B*46:01 (12.20%), B*58:01 (8.50%); C*07:02 (18.25%), C*01:02:01G (18.15%), C*03:04 (9.88%); DRB1*09:01 (17.52%), DRB1*12:02 (10.57%), DRB1*15:01 (9.70%); DQB1*03:01 (22.63%), DQB1*03:03 (18.26%) and DQB1*06:01 (10.88%), respectively. A total of 141 HLA‐A‐C‐B‐DRB1‐DQB1 haplotypes with a frequency of ≥0.1% were found and the haplotypes with frequency greater than 3% were A*02:07‐C*01:02:01G‐B*46:01‐DRB1*09:01‐DQB1*03:03 (4.20%), A*33:03‐C*03:02‐B*58:01‐DRB1*03:01‐DQB1*02:01 (4.15%), A*30:01‐C*06:02‐B*13:02‐DRB1*07:01‐DQB1*02:02 (3.20%). The likelihood ratios test for the linkage disequilibrium of two loci haplotypes was revealed that the majority of the pairwise associations were statistically significant. The data presented in this study will be useful for searching unrelated HLA‐matched donor, planning donor registry and for anthropology studies in China.
Changing status in health care: community and hospital pharmacists’ perceptions of pharmacy practice
Authors: Altman Iben L , Mandy Phil J , Gard Paul R 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to explore experienced community and hospital pharmacists’ perceptions of how their pharmacy practice and status in health care are affected by others’ views of them.

Methods
A qualitative collective case study was conducted. The primary data were 20 in-depth semistructured interviews of community and hospital pharmacists in England that were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed thematically.

Key findings
Thematic analysis of the data identified four themes: (1) ambiguities about being professionals, (2) internal divisions, (3) medicines experts and (4) shopkeepers as healthcare providers.

Conclusions
Pharmacists want to be recognised as medicines experts in health care. They are aware that their status is assessed by the public based on their practice, which is dispensing of medicines, and that the public’s image of all pharmacists is that of ‘a typical community pharmacist’ working in a retail shop while having little experience of pharmacists in other healthcare settings. Pharmacists consider that the public does not view them as registered healthcare professionals. They mainly associate being registered professionals with being controlled from afar by their professional regulator, instead of utilising this as an enabling strategy to support their reprofessionalisation efforts. Pharmacists remain the hidden healthcare profession and need to act in practice as healthcare professionals, so the public is aware of their place and contributions in health care to maintain or enhance their status. Internal divisions between community and hospital pharmacists appear to be due to differences in practice, knowledge and aspirations having the potential to adversely affect the pharmacy profession’s status.
Integrating coping and recovery: Review and recommendations for future research
Authors: Sawhney Gargi , Klinefelter Zachary , Britt Thomas W. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDespite the conspicuous similarities between the areas of coping and recovery in adjustment to work‐related stressors, much of the research in the two areas has evolved independently. The overarching goal of this article is to briefly review the literature on work‐related coping and recovery and identify parallels and differences between the two areas in order to highlight how the two areas of research may complement one another. We begin by discussing the existing conceptualization and operationalization of the two constructs. Next, we discuss the methodological characteristics of the studies pertaining to coping and recovery. Subsequently, we review the role of the environmental support in enhancing coping and recovery. We conclude this review by providing recommendations for advancing research in coping and recovery. Specifically, we highlight areas in which research on coping can learn from the extant literature on recovery, and vice versa.
Work‐life conflict and employee health: A review
Authors: Gisler Stefanie , Omansky Rachel , Alenick Paige R. , Tumminia Alexandra M. , Eatough Erin M. , Johnson Ryan C. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe challenge of managing work and nonwork domains is an omnipresent experience for the employed workforce that has meaningful links to psychological, physical, and behavioral health. Work‐life conflict can create tension‐based strain and deplete resources, in turn interfering directly or indirectly with health. In this review, we summarize the empirical literature on work‐life conflict, and the more frequently studied and specific construct of work‐family conflict, as it pertains to employee health. Over three decades of literature inform this review, with more attention devoted to publications from the last 5 years. Trends and gaps in the current literature are identified.
Cytoplasmic and nuclear genetic components of membrane stability of winter wheat plants exposed to sub‐zero temperatures
Authors: Skinner Daniel Z. , Cuevas Cecilia , Bellinger Brian S. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWinter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is seeded in the autumn and harvested the following summer, and therefore, must survive multiple episodes of subfreezing temperatures throughout the winter months. Cellular membrane stability following exposure to subfreezing temperatures contributes to the ability to survive these episodes. This study investigated the inheritance of the ability to tolerate subfreezing temperatures with a seven‐parent diallel cross analysis of cellular membrane integrity as measured by electrolyte leakage after exposure to −10 or −14 °C. Significant differences in membrane stability were found among the parent lines. The inheritance of the freezing tolerance as measured by electrolyte leakage was complex and characterized by significant additive, dominant and cytoplasmic effects. General combining ability, indicative of additive genetic effects, were significant at both test temperatures, but accounted for 25.5% of the variance at the −10° C test temperature, and only 4% of the variance at the −14 °C test temperature. Specific combining ability, indicative of genetic dominance effects, were significant at both test temperatures, but accounted for only 14.6% of the variance at the −10 °C test temperature, and 38% of the variance at the −14 °C test temperature. Reciprocal (cytoplasmic) effects were significant and accounted for about 20% of the variance at both test temperatures. Cytoplasmic effects contributing to greater membrane stability were especially apparent in the cultivar Tiber when crossed to Masami, Lewjain, or Hatton. These results suggest that efforts to improve freezing tolerance are complicated by differing gene action at different test temperatures and also may benefit from identifying specific combinations of nuclear and cytoplasm sources that are most conducive to membrane stability following freezing.
Crystal structure, densification, and microwave dielectric properties of Li3Mg2(Nb(1−x)Mox)O6+x/2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.08) ceramics
Authors: Zhang Ping , Sun Kexin , Xiao Mi , Zheng Zhentai 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA novel system Li3Mg2(Nb(1−x)Mox)O6+x/2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.08) microwave dielectric ceramics were fabricated by the solid‐state method. The charge compensation of Mo6+ ions substitution for Nb5+ ions was performed by introducing oxygen ions. The X‐ray diffraction patterns and Rietveld refinements indicated Li3Mg2(Nb(1−x)Mox)O6+x/2 ceramics with single phase and orthorhombic structure. Micro‐structure and density confirmed that the grain of Li3Mg2(Nb(1‐x)Mox)O6+x/2 ceramics grew well. In addition, the permittivity of Li3Mg2(Nb(1−x)Mox)O6+x/2 ceramics with the same trend as density decreased slightly with increasing Mo6+ ions content. However, the Q*f and τf were obviously improved with an appropriate amount of Mo6+ ions. When x ≤ 0.04, the Q*f was closely related to the bond valence of samples, while when x ≥ 0.06, the Q*f was closely related to the density of samples. The variations of τf and oxygen octahedral distortion were the opposite. In conclusions, the Li3Mg2(Nb0.98Mo0.02)O6.01 ceramic sintered at 1200°C for 6 hours exhibited outstanding properties: εr ~ 15.18, Q*f ~ 116 266 GHz, τf ~ −15.71 ppm/oC.
A novel lead‐free bismuth magnesium titanate thin films for energy storage applications
Authors: Xie Juan , Yao Zhonghua , Hao Hua , Xie Yanjiang , Li Zongxin , Liu Hanxing , Cao Minghe 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBismuth magnesium titanate thin films were prepared on platinized silicon wafers via modified sol‐gel deposition method. Highly dense samples with pseudo‐cubic structure were obtained under proper thermal treatment technique. Electric breakdown strength was dependent on annealing temperature which resulted in the variation of energy storage performances. The optimal charged energy storage density Wc~ 47.8J/cm3 and recoverable energy storage density Wreco ~26.0 J/cm3 of the 640°C annealed films at 100 Hz were achieved, respectively. This dielectric film can be a promising candidate for high voltage lead‐free energy storage applications due to their excellent performances.
Modification of NdNbO4 microwave dielectric ceramic by Bi substitutions
Authors: Pang Li‐Xia , Zhou Di 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn the present work, Bi3+ was used to substitute for Nd3+ in the NdNbO4 ceramic and pure fergusonite solid solution was formed within 20 mol. % substitutions. Microwave dielectric permittivity of the (Nd1‐xBix)NbO4 (x ≤ 0.2) ceramics increased linearly with x value due to the larger ionic polarizability of Bi3+ than Nd3+. Excellent microwave dielectric properties with a permittivity (εr) ~22.5, a Qf (Q = quality factor, f = resonant frequency) ~50 000 GHz, and a TCF ~−9 ppm/°C were obtained in the (Nd0.9Bi0.1)NbO4 ceramic. This method might work in other fergusonite‐type rare‐earth ortho‐niobates.
Independent and interactive associations of heart rate and body mass index or blood pressure with type 2 diabetes mellitus incidence: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Xu Chunxiao , Zhong Jieming , Zhu Honghong , Hu Ruying , Fang Le , Wang Meng , Zhang Jie , Guo Yu , Bian Zheng , Chen Zhengming , Li Liming , Yu Min 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAims/IntroductionAn elevated heart rate has been reported to be associated with an increased incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. We investigated whether heart rate independently and interactively with body mass index or blood pressure was associated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a rural Chinese population.Materials and MethodsWe measured the association between heart rate and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Tongxiang China Kadoorie Biobank prospective cohort study using Cox proportional hazard models. Analyses included 53,817 participants without any history of diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular or rheumatic heart disease at baseline. Incident type 2 diabetes mellitus cases were identified through linkage with established Disease Registries and the China National Health Insurance System.ResultsAfter a mean follow‐up period of 6.9 years, 1,766 people had developed type 2 diabetes mellitus with an incidence of 4.75 per 1,000 person‐years. Multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios and for type 2 diabetes mellitus across increasing quintiles of heart rate were 1.00 (reference), 1.24 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05–1.45), 1.21 (95% CI 1.03–1.41), 1.24 (95% CI 1.05–1.47) and 1.49 (95% CI 1.28–1.74), respectively, with a Ptrend <0.001. This relationship was particularly evident among non‐overweight/obese participants. A significant interaction between heart rate and body mass index on incident type 2 diabetes mellitus was observed with a P for interaction = 0.005.ConclusionsElevated heart rate is independently, in interaction with a higher body mass index, associated with a higher incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Genetic variation and population genetic structure of Laodelphax striatellus via genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphisms from specific‐locus amplified fragment‐sequencing
Authors: Wang Xingya , Lu Bin , Shao Lingyun , Yu Fengquan , Zheng Wenjing , Sun Fuyu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe small brown planthopper (SBPH), Laodelphax striatellus, is one of the most destructive agricultural pests that causes serious economic loss in the main rice‐producing areas of China. To clarify issues such as the genetic differentiation, gene flow and population genetic structure of SBPH populations, we investigated the genetic diversity, genetic structure and phylogeography of 27 SBPH populations at 23 sampling sites from three climatic zones of China using specific‐locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF‐seq) for large‐scale single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection. In total, 115.95 M reads, 56,355 polymorphic specific‐locus amplified fragments were developed, and 32,556 reliable single nucleotides (SNPs) were detected. The results indicated that the genotypes of many polymorphism sites had low heterozygosity in every population. Overall, the pairwise FST values between the populations varied from 0.056 to 0.092; it suggested the lack of strong differentiation among three climatic zone groups, respectively. It also suggested a strong level of gene flow (Nm) among populations in different climate zones, ranging from 28.864 to 35.197. Phylogenetic analyses, principal component analysis (PCA), Bayesian clustering method and AMOVA revealed that there was no evidence genetic clustering in three main bioclimatic zones. Neutrality testing provided strong evidence for a recent rapid expansion without any recent genetic bottleneck in these populations. Accordingly, the results of the present study should be beneficial for SBPH management and provide insight into the genetics of SBPH.
Neuropsychological Test Performance of Cognitively Healthy Centenarians: Normative Data From the Dutch 100‐Plus Study
Authors: Beker Nina , Sikkes Sietske A.M. , Hulsman Marc , Schmand Ben , Scheltens Philip , Holstege Henne 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesThe fraction of the population that reaches the age of 100 years is growing. At this age, dementia incidence is high and cognitive functioning is highly variable across individuals. Normative data for neuropsychological tests are lacking in centenarians, which hampers the ability to evaluate their cognitive functioning for both research and clinical practice. Here, we generated norms for neuropsychological tests in a sample of cognitively healthy centenarians while taking sensory impairments into account.DesignCross‐sectional cohort study.SettingCentenarians who participate in the prospective 100‐plus Study.ParticipantsA total of 235 centenarians (71.5% female), who self‐reported to be cognitively healthy, which was confirmed by an informant and a trained researcher.MeasurementsWe generated normative data for 15 cognitive tests, measuring global cognition (Mini‐Mental State Examination [MMSE]), premorbid intelligence, attention, language, memory, executive function, and visuospatial function by multiple linear regressions and/or by reporting percentiles.ResultsNormative data for global cognition resulted in a mean MMSE score of 25.6 ± 3.1 (range = 17‐30; interquartile range = 24‐28). Vision problems and fatigue often complicated the ability to complete tests, and these problems explained 41% and 22% of the missing test scores, respectively. In contrast, hearing problems (4%) and task incomprehension (6%) rarely complicated test performance. While educational level was associated with performance on the majority of the tests, sex and age were only weakly associated with test performance.ConclusionsWe generated normative data for 15 common neuropsychological tests in a large sample of cognitively healthy centenarians, while taking age‐related sensory impairments into consideration. These normative data allow the detection of deficits across a wide range of cognitive domains. Our results suggest that, next to education level, vision ability and the level of fatigue should be taken into account when evaluating cognitive functioning in centenarians. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:759–767, 2019.