bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High particulate matter 2.5 levels and ambient temperature are associated with acute lung edema in patients with nondialysis Stage 5 chronic kidney disease
Authors: Chiu Ping-Fang , Chang Chin-Hua , Wu Chia-Lin , Chang Teng-Hsiang , Tsai Chun-Chieh , Kor Chew-Teng , Li Jhao-Rong , Kuo Cheng-Ling , Huang Ching-Shan , Chu Cheng Chung , Chang Chia-Chu 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background
Numerous studies have shown that exposure to air pollution, especially particulate matter (PM) with a diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5), was associated with various diseases. We tried to determine the impact of PM2.5 and other weather factors on acute lung edema in patients with Stage 5 nondialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD Stage 5-ND).

Methods
In total, 317 CKD Stage 5-ND (estimated glomerular filtration rate 6.79 ± 4.56 mL/min) patients residing in central Taiwan who developed acute lung edema and initiated long-term dialysis were included in this case-crossover study. Pearson’s correlation test was used to examine the relationship of acute lung edema cases with PM2.5 levels and ambient temperature separately.

Results
The average PM2.5 level within the 7-day period correlated with acute lung edema incidence in the fall [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 3.23, P = 0.047] and winter (adjusted OR 1.99, P < 0.001). In winter, even a 3-day exposure to PM2.5 was associated with increased risk (adjusted OR 1.55, P < 0.001). The average temperatures within 3 days in spring and summer were correlated positively with the risk (adjusted OR 2.77 P < 0.001 and adjusted OR 2.72, P < 0.001, respectively). In the fall and winter, temperatures were correlated negatively with the risk (adjusted OR 0.36, P < 0.001 and adjusted OR 0.54, P < 0.001, respectively).

Conclusions
A high PM2.5 level was associated with an increased risk of acute lung edema. High ambient temperature in hot seasons and low ambient temperature in cold seasons were also associated with increased risk. It is essential to educate these patients to avoid areas with severe air pollution and extreme ambient temperature.
Iterative Surgical Resections of Diffuse Glioma With Awake Mapping: How to Deal With Cortical Plasticity and Connectomal Constraints?
Authors: Picart Thiébaud , Herbet Guillaume , Moritz-Gasser Sylvie , Duffau Hugues 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
In diffuse glioma, a multistage approach with iterative tailored surgical resections can be considered.

OBJECTIVE
To compare results of iterative intrasurgical brain mappings to investigate the potential and limitation of neuroplasticity at the individual stage, and to highlight to what extent it can influence the therapeutic strategy.

METHODS
Glioma patients who underwent 2 consecutive awake surgeries with cortical and subcortical stimulation were classified into group 1 (n = 23) if cortical mappings exhibited high level of plasticity (displacement of ≥2 sites) or into group 2 (n = 19) with low level of plasticity.

RESULTS
Clinical characteristics did not differ significantly between both groups. The borders of the tumors were mostly sharp in group 1 (82.6%) and rather indistinct in group 2 (84.2%), (P = .00001). Tumor remnants were more often cortical (± subcortical) in group 1 (39.1%) and more often purely subcortical in group 2 (68.4%; P = .009). In group 1, the time needed to recover independence was significantly shorter at reoperation (37.6 h vs 78.3 h after the first surgery, P = .00003) while this difference was not significant in group 2. The iterative extents of resection (EOR) remain comparable in group 1 (94% vs 92%, P = .40) but were significantly smaller in group 2 at reoperation (94% vs 88%, P = .05).

CONCLUSION
More efficient plasticity mechanisms are facilitated by cortical tumors with sharp borders, are associated with an increase of EOR at reoperation and with earlier functional recovery. Tumoral invasion of the white matter tracts represents the main limitation of neuroplasticity: this connectomal constraint limits EOR during second surgery.
A Recurrent Neural Network Approach for Automated Neural Tracing in Multispectral 3D Images
Authors: Yan Yan , Roossien Douglas H. , Sadis Benjamin V. , Corso Jason J. , Cai Dawen 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNeuronal morphology reconstruction in fluorescence microscopy 3D images is essential for analyzing neuronal cell type and connectivity. Manual tracing of neurons in these images is time consuming and subjective. Automated tracing is highly desired yet is one of the foremost challenges in computational neuroscience. The multispectral labeling technique, Brainbow utilizes high dimensional spectral information to distinguish intermingled neuronal processes. It is particular interesting to develop new algorithms to include the spectral information into the tracing process. Recently, deep learning approaches achieved state-of-the-art in different computer vision and medical imaging applications. To benefit from the power of deep learning, in this paper, we propose an automated neural tracing approach in multispectral 3D Brainbow images based on recurrent neural net-work. We first adopt VBM4D approach to denoise multispectral 3D images. Then we generate cubes as training samples along the ground truth, manually traced paths. These cubes are the input to the recur-rent neural network. The proposed approach is simple and effective. The approach can be implemented with the deep learning toolbox ‘Keras’ in 100 lines. Finally, to evaluate our approach, we computed the average and standard deviation of DIADEM metric from the ground truth results to our tracing results, and from our tracing results to the ground truth results. Extensive experimental results on the collected dataset demonstrate that the proposed approach performs well in Brainbow labeled mouse brain images.
Identification of Polynucleotide Phosphorylase (PNPase) in Escherichia coli Involved in Persister Formation
Authors: Wu Nan , Zhang Yumeng , Zhang Shanshan , Yuan Youhua , Liu Shuang , Cui Peng , Zhang Wenhong , Zhang Ying 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTDespite the identification of many genes and pathways involved in the persistence phenomenon of bacteria, the mechanisms of persistence are not well understood. Here, using Escherichia coli as a model, we identified polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase) as a key regulator in persister formation. We successfully constructed pnp knockout mutant strain and its complemented strain, and exposed the pnp knockout mutant and complemented strain to antibiotics and stress conditions. The results showed that, compared with the wild-type W3110, the pnp knockout strain had defect in persistence to antibiotics and stress conditions, and the persistence to antibiotics and stresses was restored upon complementation. RNA-Seq was performed to identify the transcriptome profile in the pnp knockout strain compared with wild-type strain W3110, and the data revealed that 242 (166 up-regulated, and 76 down-regulated) genes were differentially expressed in the pnp knockout mutant strain. KEGG pathway analysis of the up-regulated genes showed that they were mostly mapped to metabolism and virulence pathways, most of which are positively regulated by the global regulator cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP). Similarly, the transcription level of the crp gene in the pnp-deletion strain increased 3.22-fold in the early stationary phase. We further explored the indicators of cellular metabolism of the pnp-deletion strain, the persistence phenotype of the pnp and crp double-deletion mutant, and the transcriptional activity of crp gene. Our results indicate that PNPase controls cellular metabolism by negatively regulating the crp operon at the post-transcriptional level by targeting the 5’- Untranslated Region (UTR) of the crp transcript. This study offers new insight about the persister mechanisms and provides new targets for development of new drugs against persisters for more effective treatment of persistent bacterial infections.
A systematic survey of human tissue-specific gene expression and splicing reveals new opportunities for therapeutic target identification and evaluation
Authors: Yang Robert Y. , Quan Jie , Sodaei Reza , Aguet Francois , Segrè Ayellet V. , Allen John A. , Lanz Thomas A. , Reinhart Veronica , Crawford Matthew , Hasson Samuel ,   GTEx Consortium, Ardlie Kristin G. , Guigó Roderic , Xi Hualin S. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDifferences in the expression of genes and their splice isoforms across human tissues are fundamental factors to consider for therapeutic target evaluation. To this end, we conducted a transcriptome-wide survey of tissue-specific gene expression and splicing events in the unprecedented collection of 8527 high-quality RNA-seq samples from the GTEx project, covering 36 human peripheral tissues and 13 brain subregions. We derived a weighted tissue-specificity scoring scheme accounting for the similarity of related tissues and inherent variability across individual samples. We showed that ~50.6% of all annotated human genes show tissue-specific expression, including many low abundance transcripts vastly underestimated by previous array-based expression atlases. As utilities for drug discovery, we demonstrated that tissue-specificity is a highly desirable attribute of validated drug targets and tissue-specificity can be used to prioritize disease-associated genes from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Using brain striatum-specific gene expression as an example, we provided a template to leverage tissue-specific gene expression to identify novel therapeutic targets. Mining of tissue-specific splicing further reveals new opportunities for tissue-specific targeting. Thus, the high quality transcriptome atlas provided by the GTEx is an invaluable resource for drug discovery and systematic analysis anchored on the human tissue specific gene expression provides a promising avenue to identify novel therapeutic target hypotheses.
How can leaders and managers in the Police support the learning of others and at the same time, support their own?
Authors: Jones Jenni 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to attempt to demonstrate that formal mentoring is a helpful tool to develop managers within the changing context of the UK Police, and to highlight how managers can have an influence on mentoring programmes and the learning within them.

Design/methodology/approach
A longitudinal qualitative case study approach was chosen and semi-structured interviews were conducted alongside focus groups.

Findings
The findings showed that both mentees and mentors perceived they were learning within the mentoring relationship. Also, despite some common themes in relation to the key moderating factors, managers were seen as both facilitating and hindering these mentoring relationships.

Research limitations/implications
It was recognised that although interesting to compare and contrast the findings between the two different case study organisations, the findings drawn from this study may not be directly applicable to other mentoring programmes beyond these UK Police Forces. More could have been explored in the focus groups and information could have been collected from those that did not attend the interviews or the focus groups.

Originality/value
This research adds value as there is little written about the mentoring and managers, within the interesting changing context of the UK Police force. The insights from this mentoring research suggest that there is much learning to be gained by both parties through mentoring and that line managers need to be encouraged away from the day to day reactive approach towards being more proactive with supporting the personal development of their team members (and themselves) into the future. If they are more involved and supportive of learning and development interventions, then they and their team members will gain more from the experience and this will ultimately help them to make a more positive difference within their role.
Habitat management alters thermal opportunity
Authors: Neel Lauren K. , McBrayer Lance D. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractEctotherms engage in behavioral thermoregulation to optimize body temperatures, however, thermoregulatory effort varies across species, over time, and among habitats. Classic cost‐benefit models of ectothermic thermoregulation postulate that ectotherms should increase thermoregulatory effort when the benefits of thermoregulatory behavior outweigh the costs (Huey and Slatkin, 1976). However, alteration of habitat via land management may lead to unforeseen shifts in microclimate that change associated costs and benefits. In light of anthropogenic impacts on natural habitats, thermoregulatory effort should be examined in cases where land management results in environmental temperatures that deviate from the preferred temperature range of a given species.We examined how habitat management alters microclimates and influences activity time, thermoregulatory behavior, and thermal physiology in a lizard (Sceloporus woodi) whose range has been significantly reduced due to habitat loss. We compared populations from two ecologically distinct habitats: longleaf pine and sand pine scrub, which have very different management histories. Daily surveys were conducted in each habitat type while environmental temperatures were recorded simultaneously with biophysical models.Thermal performance curves differed between populations such that physiological performance was optimized in each environment. Longleaf pine habitat had greater thermal opportunity because cooler microclimates were available on arboreal perches. In longleaf pine habitat, lizards were able to stay active longer and thermoregulate more effectively. Regardless of habitat, thermoregulatory effort ofS. woodiincreased when thermal quality of habitat was low. However, when unfavorably high temperatures were experienced, the thermoregulatory effort increased significantly.Our results demonstrate that ectotherms can afford to imprecisely thermoregulate when habitat thermal quality is poor due to cooler environmental temperatures. However under unfavorably hot environmental temperatures, lizards must precisely regulate body temperature in spite of any costs. These results further demonstrate that habitat management has major implications on species‐specific thermal opportunity, thermoregulatory behavior, and thermal physiology, such that shifts in thermoregulatory behavior may lead to higher energetic costs, enhanced predation risk, and constrained activity times.Aplain language summaryis available for this article.
Association between Parathyroid Hormone and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Fujii Hideki 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAlthough parathyroid hormone is known to be related with calcium and phosphate metabolism, it has been also reported to have several effects on the cardiovascular system including heart and vessels. However, the detailed pathophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. Clinical studies have indicated that parathyroid hormone is associated with cardiovascular events and mortality not only in patients with chronic kidney disease but also in those without chronic kidney disease. As a possible mechanism, it is thought that parathyroid hormone is associated with the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system and has direct effects on the cardiovascular system. Therefore, we should pay attention to not only the control of serum phosphate and calcium levels but also the control of serum parathyroid hormone levels, especially in patients with chronic kidney disease.
Dietitians’ opinions regarding refeeding syndrome, clinical guidelines and extended scope of practice
Authors: Matthews Kylie L. , Palmer Michelle A. , Capra Sandra M. 
Published: April 2018

AimRefeeding syndrome (RFS) prevalence rates vary across studies depending on the criteria used for assessment and identification. For registered dietitians, the assessment and management of RFS is highly reliant on daily serum electrolyte values; however, registered dietitians working within Australia do not currently possess laboratory test ordering privileges. We aimed to examine the opinions of registered dietitians regarding RFS identification, management and guidelines and the option of using extended scope of practice to order electrolyte monitoring autonomously.MethodsA multi‐method action research approach was used, incorporating two projects. The first was a survey examining Australian registered dietitians’ (n = 187) opinions regarding RFS identification, management and guidelines, and autonomous electrolyte monitoring. To establish if results were similar internationally, an interview was conducted with 22 registered dietitians working within 10 different countries. Data were analysed using chi‐square tests and thematic analysis.ResultsAustralian registered dietitians (75%) identify patients at risk of RFS at a high rate of more than once per fortnight, with 74% reporting that they have previously worked with a patient diagnosed with RFS. Results varied internationally, with respondents from eight countries reporting that RFS is a problem within acute care versus respondents from five countries having never treated a patient with RFS. The majority (≥89%) of registered dietitians desire new guidelines and the option to order patient electrolyte monitoring autonomously.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that more stringent tools for the identification of RFS are necessary. There was limited uniformity across countries, and updated practice guidelines are needed.
Detecting signatures of a sponge‐associated lifestyle in bacterial genomes
Authors: Díez‐Vives Cristina , Esteves Ana I. S. , Costa Rodrigo , Nielsen Shaun , Thomas Torsten 
Published: April 2018

SummarySponges interact with diverse and rich communities of bacteria that are phylogenetically often distinct from their free‐living counterparts. Recent genomics and metagenomic studies have indicated that bacterial sponge symbionts also have distinct functional features from free‐living bacteria; however, it is unclear, if such genome‐derived functional signatures are common and present in different symbiont taxa. We therefore compared here a large set of genomes from cultured (Pseudovibrio, Ruegeria and Aquimarina) and yet‐uncultivated (Synechococcus) bacteria found in either sponge‐associated or free‐living sources. Our analysis revealed only very few genera‐specific functions that could be correlated with a sponge‐associated lifestyle. Using different sets of sponge‐associated and free‐living bacteria for each genus, we could however show that the functions identified as ‘sponge‐associated’ are dependent on the reference comparison being made. Using simulation approaches, we show how this influences the robustness of identifying functional signatures and how evolutionary divergence and genomic adaptation can be distinguished. Our results highlight the future need for robust comparative analyses to define genomic signatures of symbiotic lifestyles, whether it is for symbionts of sponges or other host organisms.
Knockout of the Gsta4 Gene in Male Mice Leads to an Altered Pattern of Hepatic Protein Carbonylation and Enhanced Inflammation Following Chronic Consumption of an Ethanol Diet
Authors: Shearn Colin T. , Pulliam Casey F. , Pedersen Kim , Meredith Kyle , Mercer Kelly E. , Saba Laura M. , Orlicky David J. , Ronis Martin J. , Petersen Dennis R. 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundGlutathione S‐transferase A4‐4 (GSTA4) is a key enzyme for removal of toxic lipid peroxidation products such as 4‐hydroxynonenal (4‐HNE). In this study, we examined the potential role of GSTA4 on protein carbonylation and progression of alcoholic liver disease by examining the development of liver injury in male wild‐type (WT) SV/J mice and SV/J mice lacking functional GSTA4 (GSTA4−/− mice).MethodsAdult male WT and GSTA4−/− mice were fed chow (N = 10 to 12) or high‐fat Lieber‐DeCarli liquid diets containing up to 28% calories as ethanol (EtOH) (N = 18 to 20) for 116 days. At the end of the study, half of the EtOH‐fed mice were acutely challenged with an EtOH binge (3 g/kg given intragastrically) 12 hours before sacrifice. Carbonylation of liver proteins was assessed by immunohistochemical staining for 4‐HNE adduction and by comprehensive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) of purified carbonylated proteins.ResultsChronic EtOH intake significantly increased hepatic 4‐HNE adduction and protein carbonylation, including carbonylation of ribosomal proteins. EtOH intake also resulted in steatosis and increased serum alanine aminotransferase. Hepatic infiltration with B cells, T cells, and neutrophils and mRNA expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α and interferon (IFN)γ was modest in WT mice. However, an EtOH binge increased hepatic necrosis, hepatic cell proliferation, and expression of TNFα mRNA (p < 0.05). EtOH treatment of GSTA4−/− mice increased B‐cell infiltration and increased mRNA expression of TNFα and IFNγ and of matrix remodeling markers MMP9, MMP13, and Col1A1 (p < 0.05). GSTA4−/− mice exhibited panlobular rather than periportal distribution of 4‐HNE‐adducted proteins and increased overall 4‐HNE staining after EtOH binge. Comprehensive LC‐MS of carbonylated proteins identified 1,022 proteins of which 189 were unique to the GSTA4−/− group.ConclusionsThese data suggest long‐term adaptation to EtOH in WT mice does not occur in GSTA4−/− mice. Products of lipid peroxidation appear to play a role in inflammatory responses due to EtOH. And EtOH effects on B‐cell infiltration and autoimmune responses may be secondary to formation of carbonyl adducts.
Chinese Proverb Scale: Development and validation of an indigenous measure of Chinese traditional values
Authors: Ye Shengquan , Ng Ting Kin , Lu Erin Yiqing , Ma Zewei 
Published: April 2018

The aim of this study was to develop and validate an indigenous measure of Chinese traditional values using Chinese proverbs. A sample of 363 Mainland Chinese undergraduates participated in Study 1, in which a 26‐item Chinese Proverb Scale (CPS) was developed through factor analysis on an initial pool of 118 Chinese proverbs. Four factors were clearly identified: (a) Diligence, (b) Integrity, (c) Self‐Preservation, and (d) Self‐Interest. TheCPSshowed satisfactory convergent validity with personal values (S. H. Schwartz, 1992,Advances In Experimental Social Psychology, San Diego, Academic Press) and social axioms (K. Leung et al., 2002,Journal of Cross‐Cultural Psychology, 33, p. 286). For incremental validity, theCPSpredicted life satisfaction beyond the Big Five personality, personal values, and social axioms. In Study 2, a sample of 239 Mainland Chinese participants completed theCPSacross two measurement occasions with an interval of 6 months. Longitudinal structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed the structure of theCPSwas robust and invariant over time. In Study 3, a sample of 167 Chinese undergraduates from Hong Kong responded to an adapted version of theCPS. MultigroupSEMshowed structural equivalence of the scale across the mainland and Hong Kong samples. The cultural origins of the factors in theCPSand future applications of the scale in various research areas are discussed.