bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
5V to 6kV DC-DC Converter Using Switching Regulator with Cockcroft-Walton Voltage Multiplier for High Voltage Power Supply Module
Authors: Azmi Nor A. , Murad Sohiful A.Z. , Harun Azizi , Ismail Rizalafande C. 
Published: June 2018

Background:
This paper describes the design of 5 V to 6 kV DC-DC converter by using a switching
regulator with Cockroft-Walton (C-W) voltage multiplier for a high voltage power supply module.

Methods:
The proposed design consists of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) controller circuit, voltage
multiplier, and feedback signal. A single unit of 5 V input triggers LT1618 controller circuit to generate
20 V which then produces 300 V from LT8331 output that is connected to diode-capacitor multiplier
circuit to achieve final 6 kV. A negative feedback signal is required to stabilize an output voltage. With
the implementation of C-W voltage multiplier technique, the output is boosted up as required from the
input signal voltage 5 V DC.

Results:
The LTspice simulation results indicate that the proposed DC converter can generate 6.20 kV.
Line regulation of 17 % and the load regulation of 14 % are obtained based on the proposed design.

Conclusion:
The proposed design is suitable for high voltage power supply module.
Calcium Metabolism Indicators in Patients with Generalized Periodontitis and Hypertension
Authors: Vivcharenko T I , Rozhko M M 
Published: June 2018

The objective of the study is to determine the level of calcium in patients with hypertension of the II degree and generalized periodontitis of the II degree.There were examined 30 patients with hypertension of the II degree with generalized periodontitis of the II degree. Patients’ age ranged from 35 to 54 years. These patients were in the main group. Treatment of patients included taking the medicine “Ca-D3 NIKOMED”.The control group included 10 patients without general somathic pathology and with healthy periodontitis of the same age. The results obtained were subject to variational and statistical processing.The analyses were carried out before and 3 months after the treatment. The level of general Ca in patients with generalized periodontitis of the II degree and hypertension of the II degree before the treatment was 1.66±0.03 mmol/l (p<0.001) (norm 2.15-2.5 mmol/l). In the patients of control group this figure was 2.33±0.04 mmol/l (p<0.001).After 3 months the level of general Ca in patients with generalized periodontitis of the II degree and hypertension of the II degree was 1.87±0.03 mmol/l (p<0.001).The level of ionized Ca in patients with generalized periodontitis of the II degree and hypertension of the II degree before the treatment was 0.36± 0.01 mmol/l (p<0.001); after the treatment the level of ionized Ca was 0.41±0.01 mmol/l (p<0.001). The level of ionized Ca in control group patients was 1.03±0.02 mmol/l (p<0.001).We can conclude: according to the analysis of levels of general and ionized calcium in serum of patients with generalized periodontitis of the II degree and hypertension of the II degree we can conclude that these indexes are lower than normal; patients with generalized periodontitis of the II degree and hypertension of the II degree have increased levels of general calcium and ionized calcium in serum after taking the drug “Ca-D3 NIKOMED”during 3 months.
E-STÜDYO İÇERİSİNDE TOPLAM SES ŞİDDET DÜZEYİ VE SAYISAL ANALİZİ
Authors: Armağan Hamit , Yiğit Tuncay 
Published: June 2018

E-Stüdyo Uzaktan Eğitim
alanında online(senkron) eğitim veren üniversitelerde/kurumlarda ders alan
öğrencilerin derse aktif katılımlarını ve öğretim elemanlarının ilgi çeken
dersler oluşturmalarını sağlayan ortamlardır. Bu ortamlarda bulunan eğitim
teknolojilerinin en üst potansiyelde kullanımı ve adaptasyonu ile uzaktan
eğitimin başarısını artırmak amacıyla tasarlanmış ve geliştirilmiş bir
modeldir. Bu çalışmada e-stüdyo içerisinde ses kaynakları tarafından
oluşturulan sesler için toplam ses şiddet düzeyi ve reverbasyon hesaplamaları geliştirilen
bir yazılımla hesaplanmıştır. Yapılan
hesaplamalara göre ses şiddet düzeyi modeli oluşturulmuş ve ses kalitesinin
artırılması içinde bazı iyileştirme önerileri sunulmuştur.
PENGARUH NILAI BUDAYA SUNDA DALAM UPAYA PENINGKATAN KESEJAHTERAAN PSIKOLOGIS KORBAN BENCANA TANAH LONGSOR
Authors: Kadiyono Anissa Lestari , Harding Diana 
Published: June 2018

Permasalahan psikososial adalah hal yang akan menyertai ketika bencana alam terjadi, termasuk diantaranya adalah bencana tanah longsor yang terjadi di daerah Ciloto Cipanas, Cianjur, Jawa Barat. Daerah ini seringkali mengalami bencana alam, khususnya tanah longsor dikarenakan posisi tanah yang labil dan curah hujan yang tinggi. Pada saat bencana longsor terjadi, maka terdapat korban yang mengakibatkan permasalahan tersendiri bagi pembangunan daerah dan masyarakat dalam melanjutkan hidup mereka. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada korban bencana tanah longsor di Ciloto-Cipanas pada tanggal 21 Januari 2014. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa nilai apakah dalam diri korban tanah longsor yang dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan psikologis mereka. Data dikumpulkan melalui interviu mendalam, observasi, diskusi kelompok, dan penyebaran kuesioner. Bagi masyarakat Cianjur, terdapat nilai-nilai dasar yang secara turun-menurun menjadi dasar hidup mereka, yaitu Ngaos, Mamaos, dan Maenpo. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, nilai Sunda yang penduduk Cianjur anut ini dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan psikologis, sehingga para korban tanah longsor memiliki semangat untuk melanjutkan hidup dan mewujudkan rencana mereka ke depan. Hal ini dapat dimanfaatkan dalam membuat program intervensi penanganan bencana alam melalui nilai budaya. Kata Kunci : Nilai Religiusitas, Intervensi Psikososial, Kesejahteraan Psikologis, BencanaTanah Longsor
Eremopyrum (Ledeb.) Jaub. & Spach, a new genre for the Flora of western Europe (Iberian Peninsula)
Authors: Cueto Romero Miguel , Fuentes Carretero Julián , Blanca López Gabriel 
Published: June 2018

Se cita por primera vez en la Península Ibérica y en Europa Occidental la presencia de Eremopyrum orientale (L.) Jaub. & Spach, un taxon anual que se desarrolla en los medios semiáridos de la Hoya de Guadix (Granada). Las características ambientales propias de estos ambientes (sustratos poco favorables para el desarrollo de la vida vegetal junto a una alta irregularidad intra e inter anual de las precipitaciones) parecen ser la causa de no haber sido localizada hasta ahora. Esas mismas características ambientales y la, aparentemente imparable, expansión de las actividades antropocéntricas nos hacen considerar este taxon como amenazado bajo la categoría de En Peligro (EN) con el criterio: A4ac; B1ac(i,ii,iii,iv)+2ac(i,ii,iii,iv)Key words: Flora, Europa, Poaceae, Eremopyrum.Palabras clave: Flora, Europa, Poaceae, Eremopyrum.
The effect of heat stress on time spent lying by cows in a housing system
Authors: Herbut Piotr , Angrecka Sabina 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Dairy cows are exposed to heat stress, the risk of which is increasing due to climate change. This could result in significant changes in the cows’ lying time behaviour. The presented study shows the relationship between heat stress determined with the use of the Temperature Humidity Index (THI) and the daily lying time of 40 Holstein-Friesian dairy cows. Based on the calculated value of THI, two periods were specified, a neutral period (with a maximum daily THI value below 68) and warm period (with minimal daily THI value above 73). The obtained results were processed using analysis of the Spearman’s correlation coefficient with significance at P<0.05. The results showed a decrease in daily total lying time between the neutral and warm periods from 11.3 to 9.4 h/d. During the warm period, the correlation between cows’ lying time and increased THI shows that the relationship is significant inversely proportional, but in the neutral period that correlation was not significant. A decrease in the percentage of the lying cows and average lying time per hour was also noticeable between the daytime and night-time in warm periods, which was 2 times less than in the neutral period.
Effects of rearing system and feeding intensity on the fattening performance and slaughter value of young crossbred bulls
Authors: Nogalski Zenon , Pogorzelska-Przybyłek Paulina , Sobczuk-Szul Monika , Purwin Cezary , Modzelewska-Kapituła Monika 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of rearing system and feeding intensity on the fattening performance and slaughter value of 38 young crossbred bull calves. The calves were raised naturally with nurse cows (NC) or were fed milk replacer (MF) until 150 days of age. During the rearing period the NC calves were healthier and had higher average daily gain (by 0.15 kg) compared to the MF calves. After a 30-day transition period, the animals were fattened in intensive (I) and semi-intensive (SI) systems from 181 to 560 days of age. During the fattening period, the bulls were fed ad libitum a total mixed ration (TMR) composed of grass silage and concentrate. The concentrate to silage ratio, on a DM basis, was 25:75 (SI) and 40:60 (I). The MF calves had lower BW at the end of the fattening period compared to the NC calves but the rearing system had no effects on daily gain during the fattening period. Compensatory growth was not observed during fattening. During the fattening period, a higher proportion of concentrate in the ration contributed to higher feed intake, higher feed efficiency and more desirable carcass characteristics. Three-rib cuts from the carcasses of the I bulls had significantly (P<0.05) higher fat content and lower bone content compared to the carcasses of the SI bulls. The longissimus thoracis muscle of the I bulls had higher (P<0.01) intramuscular fat content compared to the SI bulls.
Relationship of arctic fox (Alopex lagopus L.) sperm morphology with age of males, sperm concentration, ejaculate volume and acrosin activity
Authors: Stasiak Karolina , Kondracki Stanisław , Iwanina Maria 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the relationship of sperm morphology with age of males, ejaculate concentration and volume, as well as with acrosin activity determined in sperm acrosome extracts. The study used manually collected ejaculates from 9 male arctic foxes, including 6 young males aged one year and 3 older males (between 3 and 5 years of age). All of the 39 ejaculates used in the study were classified as normal based on motility exceeding 70%. The ejaculates collected from the foxes were evaluated for volume, sperm concentration and frequency of morphological changes including primary and secondary defects. The spermiograms of the male arctic foxes were classified according to a six-grade subjective scale. In addition, acrosin activity was determined in the sperm acrosome extracts. The data were analysed using the criteria of male age, sperm concentration, ejaculate volume, and acrosin activity. The morphology of arctic fox spermatozoa was dependent on the age of the male. A greater number of morphologically altered spermatozoa tended to occur in the ejaculates of young foxes, which were in their first breeding season. In addition, statistical analysis revealed positive relationships between the frequency of morphological changes in sperm and their ejaculate concentration. In contrast, there were no significant correlations between the percentages of morphologically changed spermatozoa and the ejaculate volume and the content of acrosin, which is an indicator of acrosomal integrity. Semen quality is dependent on the number of sperm in ejaculate with morphological defects which prevent oocyte fertilization. Therefore, morphological assessment of semen, which covers both the number and type of morphological changes, is highly useful when selecting appropriate males for reproduction.
Behavioural and physiological responses of West African Dwarf Goat dams and kids subjected to short-term separation
Authors: Iyasere Oluwaseun Serah , James Ikechuckwu Joseph , Williams Tolulope Julius , Daramola James Olamitubo , Lawal Kabir Olumide , Oke Oyegunle Emmanuel , Iyasere Emmanuel 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Nineteen West African Dwarf (WAD) goats were used to investigate the physiological and behavioural responses of dams and kids to short-term separation. The dams were naturally mated with bucks and after parturition the kids remained with their respective dams for 5 weeks. Thereafter, the dams were separated from their kids for 10 minutes / week for three weeks (week 5 – 7). Physiological indicators, namely, eye temperature (ET), heart rate (HRT) and blood glucose (GLUC) were taken from each dam, while the ET and HRT were taken from the kids before and after the separation. The behaviours of the dams and kids were recorded during the separation period at the 7th week. Changes (before minus after) in the physiological parameters (ET, HRT and GLU) for the three weeks were analysed using repeated measures ANOVA while the behavioural data were analysed using non parametric test (SPSS statistical package). The ΔGLUC of WAD dams was greater at the 5th than 7th week. At the 5th week also, the ΔET was greater in dams with single kids than those with twins. Litter size did not influence the behaviour of the dams during separation. A significant correlation was established between ΔHRT and urination in dams. Although sex of the kids had no significant effect on both the physiological and behavioural indicators monitored, negative correlations were established between vocalization bouts and escape attempts (r = −0.516, P < 0.01), duration of vocalisation and escape attempts (r = −0.427, P < 0.05). In conclusion, only WAD dams showed physiological responses indicative of stress during the period of separation.
Effects of extruded rice bran based diets on the performance, intestinal microbiota and morphology of weaned pigs
Authors: Adebiyi Olufemi Adebukola , Sodeke Michael , Adeleye Oluwafunmilayo Oluwanifemi , Adejumo Isaac Oluseun 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Reducing the cost of production while maintaining or increasing the productivity has been a major challenge of pig industry in Nigeria. This gives rise to the use of processing techniques that improve the utilization of relatively cheap feed ingredients. Extrusion cooking process has the potential of improving the digestibility and absorption of rice bran by solubilizing high fibre, deactivating anti-nutritional factors and stabilizing lipolytic enzyme activities in rice bran. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of extruded rice bran based diets on the performance, intestinal microbiota and morphology of weaned pigs. Forty-eight female Large White × Landrace weaned pigs were randomly allotted to three treatments consisting of a control (T1) with 30% inclusion level of raw rice bran; T2 with 30% inclusion level of extruded rice bran extruded at 100 °C, T3 with 30% inclusion level of extruded rice bran extruded at 120 °C. The final body weight, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in pigs on T3 compared with the control group. Morphology data for the small intestine showed that T3 had higher villi (604.15 μm 10−6) and crypt depth (153.86 μm 10−6) in comparison with the other treatments. Extrusion cooking processing techniques had a positive impact on body weight gain and feed conversion ratio of the experimental animals as well as improved their intestinal microbiota and morphology.
Use of carbon and aluminosilicate nanofillers in XNBR composites designed for protective materials against oils
Authors: Krzemińska Sylwia M. , Smejda-Krzewicka Aleksandra A. , Leniart Andrzej 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The objective of the work was to investigate the possibility of application of carbon and bentonite nanoparticles in carboxylated acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (XNBR) and the related effects of the nanofillers on the structure, as well as mechanical and barrier properties, of the resulting composites. The composites were designed for use in protective clothing and gloves. XNBR compounds were modified with 2 phr of graphene flakes, graphene oxide, or modified bentonite, and crosslinked with sulfur-accelerator system. Rubber compounds were prepared using a conventional method with a laboratory rolling mill. The composites were studied in terms of structure (WAXS), surface morphology (AFM), the presence of functional groups (ATR-FTIR) barrier properties against chemical substances (mineral oil) and swelling properties, as well as mechanical properties (abrasion resistance and tensile strength). The composites were characterized by very high resistance to oil permeation (breakthrough time >480 min). The type of nanofiller added to the XNBR blend in the amount of 2 phr did not significantly affect mechanical parameters.
Comparison of Analysis Specifications and Practices for Diaphragm Wall Retaining System
Authors: James Anu , Kurian Babu 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Diaphragm walls are deep embedded earth retaining structures. They also act as a part of the foundation. Geotechnical codes of practice from various countries provide procedures for the analysis of deep foundations. Not many standards are available that directly regulate the analysis of diaphragm walls. This paper compares the analysis of diaphragm walls performed using the foundation codes of different countries. Codes including EN 1997-1, BS 8002, BS 8004, BS EN 1538, AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, AS 4678, AS 5100.3, Canadian Foundation Engineering Manual, CAN/CSA S6, IS 9556 and IS 4651 are chosen for the study. Numerical studies and calculations are done using the finite element software Plaxis 2d. Comparative study is performed based on the values of displacements and the forces developed. Study also evaluates the effect of differences in partial safety factors. The outcome of research emphasises the need for development of comprehensive analysis procedures.
Powered Roof Support – Rock Strata Interactions on the Example of an Automated Coal Plough System
Authors: Herezy Łukasz , Janik Dariusz , Skrzypkowski Krzysztof 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The study summarises the operating characteristics of the powered roof support (shield) used in an automated plough system. Investigated longwall support units were controlled automatically or by section engineers and positioned in the ‘saw tooth’ configuration with respect to the longwall face (automatic mode) or linear to the face. Shield pressure data have been analysed in order to identify the impacts of particular factors on the pressure increase profiles. The analysis was supported by the Statistica software to determine the statistical significance of isolated factors. Equations governing the leg pressure at the given time instant were derived and the roof stability factor ‘g’ was obtained accordingly, recalling the maximal admissible roof displacement method recommended by the Central Mining Institute (Poland). In the current mining practice, its values are used in monitoring of strata behaviour as indicators of shield–strata interactions, particularly in the context of roof control in longwall mining. It is vital that the method used should be adapted to the actual conditions under which the longwall is operated. In the absence of such adaptations, there will be major discrepancies in results. The conclusions section summarises the current research problems addressed at the Department of Underground Mining, in which the support pressure data in longwall operations are used. The first aspect involves the delineation of deformations of a longwall main gate about 100 m ahead of the face. The second issue addressed involves the risk assessment of roof rock caving or rock sliding in the tail gate. Another aspect involves the standardisation of local conditions to support the methodology of interpreting shield–strata interactions in the context of work safety. These methods are being currently verified in situ.
Role of Logic in Cognitive Science
Authors: Balcerak Paweł 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
In their work McCulloch and Pitts describe an idea of representing all of nervous activity in terms of propositional logic. This idea was quickly challenged. One of reasons for this challenge was rising believe that logic is unable to describe most of human cognitive processes. In this paper we will analyse premises of original McCulloch and Pitts proposition. Following that, we will ask about ability of symbolic (logical) systems to represent human cognition. We will finish by analysing relation between symbolic and subsymbolic computing, in hope of bridging the gap between the two.
The socio-demographic dimensions of energy poverty: a case study from Bytom, Poland
Authors: Libor Grzegorz , Bouzarovski Stefan 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Energy poverty can be understood as the inability to secure a socially- and materially-necessitated level of energy services in the home. This article presents the results of empirical research on energy poverty in Bytom. The study was carried out using a questionnaire delivered to 121 persons living in Bytom. The questionnaire consisted of 20 single and multiple-choice questions. The primary aim of the research was to achieve typological representativeness by identifying the differences between six age categories. Some of the results confirm what is already known about the relationships between the age of the head of household and energy poverty, while others are surprising. On their basis it is possible to formulate some recommendations for local anti-poverty energy policies.
Transformaciones culturales y económicas en los territorios rurales. Efectos de la maquila de confección en el Valle de Tehuacán: Un análisis socioterritorial
Authors: Hernandez-de la Cruz Luis Alberto 
Published: June 2018

Objetivo: analizar desde una perspectiva socioterritorial las transformaciones económicas y culturales que han ocurrido en dos municipios rurales del Valle de Tehuacán a partir de la llegada de la maquila de confección. Metodología: estudio de caso como eje articulador y diversas técnicas como la entrevista y la observación. Resultados: una de las aportaciones de este artículo es enfatizar la importancia de entender lo rural como un sistema socioterritorial complejo, constituido por una dimensión material pero también por elementos simbólicos. Nos centramos especialmente en las modificaciones de las pautas culturales y económicas las cuales afectan directamente la dinámica social de estos territorios, pero al mismo tiempo generan cierto tipo de resistencias frente a este tipo de transformaciones, por ejemplo, el rescate de las lenguas originarias. Limitaciones: consiste en la insuficiente representatividad del análisis de caso. Conclusiones: estos cambios se realizan en el marco de una nueva reestructuración productiva y laboral, que sigue afectando a estos territorios y a sus pobladores.
TINJAUAN YURIDIS TENTANG TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI DALAM PENGADAAN BARANG DAN JASA
Authors: Zainudin Moh. 
Published: June 2018

Ditemukan banyak kasus korupsi yang menjerat sejumlah penyelenggara negara baik ekskutif maupun legislatif karena terbukti telah melakukan penyimpangan dalam penggunaan anggaran negara. Di antara sektor paling rawan terjadinya tindak pidana korupsi dalam penggunaan anggaran adalah dalam hal pengadaan barang dan jasa Pemerintah Daerah dan BUMD. Tulisan ini diharapkan dapat memberikan penjelasan yang cukup konfrehensif tentang bentuk-bentuk penyimpangan penggunaan anggaran yang sering terjadi, berikut kiat-kiat untuk menghindari jerat korupsi dalam pengadaan barang dan jasa Pemerintah Daerah dan BUMD.
Tujuan dalam penelitian ini, unuk mengetahui bentuk penyimpangan penggunaan anggaran dan pengadaan barang/jasa dari aspek pidana.
Metode yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini yaitu, yuridis normatif adalah menelaah peraturan perundang-undanga, norma-norma, dan kaidah-kaidah yang berlaku seperti hukum positif.