bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying small molecule binding sites for epigenetic proteins at domain-domain interfaces
Authors: Bowkett David , Talon Romain , Tallant Cynthia , Schofield Chris , von Delft Frank , Knapp Stefan , Bruton Gordon , Brennan Paul E. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractEpigenetics is of rapidly growing field in drug discovery. Of particular interest is the role of post-translational modifications to histone and the proteins that read, write, and erase such modifications. The development of inhibitors for reader domains has focused on single domains. One of the major difficulties of designing inhibitors for reader domains, is that with the notable exception of bromodomains, they tend not to possess a well enclosed binding site amenable to small molecule inhibition. As many of the proteins in epigenetic regulation have multiple domains there are opportunities for designing inhibitors that bind at a domain-domain interface which provide a more suitable interaction pocket. Examination of X-ray structures of multiple domains involved in recognizing and modifying post-translational histone marks using the SiteMap algorithm identified potential binding sites at domain-domain interfaces. For the tandem plant homeodomain-bromodomain of SP100C, a potential inter-domain site identified computationally was validated experimentally by the discovery of ligands by X-ray crystallographic fragment screening.
Differences in tropical vs. temperate diversity in arthropod predators provide insights into causes of latitudinal gradients of species diversity
Authors: Privet Kaïna , Petillon Julien 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHigh diversity in tropical compared to temperate regions has long intrigued ecologists. Terrestrial arthropods are among the most speciose orders in tropical rainforests. Previous studies show that arthropod herbivores account for much tropical diversity, yet differences in diversity of arthropod predators between tropical and temperate systems have not been quantified. Here, we present the first standardized tropical-temperate forest comparison of species richness and evenness for understory spiders, a dominant and mega-diverse taxa of generalist predators. Species richness was 13-82 times higher in tropical vs. temperate forests. Evenness was also higher with tropical assemblages having 12-55 times more common and 10-40 times more dominant species. By contrast, proportion of rare species were only up to two times greater than that of temperate measurements. These differences in diversity far surpass previous estimates, and exceed tropical-temperate difference for herbivorous taxa. Thus, the extreme diversity of arthropod predators is associated not only with the higher diversity of prey in tropical vs. temperate ecosystems, but probably also with increased diet breadth of understory spiders in the tropics. This work contradicts the widely accepted hypothesis that tropical diversity is associated with more specialization of predators.
Selection for synchronized cell division in simple multicellular organisms
Authors: Olejarz Jason , Kaveh Kamran , Veller Carl , Nowak Martin A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe evolution of multicellularity was a major transition in the history of life on earth. Conditions under which multicellularity is favored have been studied theoretically and experimentally. But since the construction of a multicellular organism requires multiple rounds of cell division, a natural question is whether these cell divisions should be synchronous or not. We study a simple population model in which there compete simple multicellular organisms that grow either by synchronous or asynchronous cell divisions. We demonstrate that natural selection can act differently on synchronous and asynchronous cell division, and we offer intuition for why these phenotypes are generally not neutral variants of each other.
Repeat-driven generation of antigenic diversity in a major human pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Talavera-López Carlos , Messenger Louisa A. , Lewis Michael D. , Yeo Matthew , Reis-Cunha João Luís , Bartholomeu Daniella C. , Calzada José E. , Saldaña Azael , Ramírez Juan David , Guhl Felipe , Ocaña-Mayorga Sofía , Costales Jaime A. , Gorchakov Rodion , Jones Kathryn , Garcia Melissa Nolan , Grisard Edmundo C. , Teixeira Santuza M. R. , Carrasco Hernán , Bottazzi Maria Elena , Hotez Peter J. , Murray Kristy O. , Grijalva Mario J. , Burleigh Barbara , Miles Michael A. , Andersson Björn 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTTrypanosoma cruzi, a zoonotic kinetoplastid protozoan with a complex genome, is the causative agent of American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease). The parasite uses a highly diverse repertoire of surface molecules, with roles in cell invasion, immune evasion and pathogenesis. Thus far, the genomic regions containing these genes have been impossible to resolve and it has been impossible to study the structure and function of the several thousand repetitive genes encoding the surface molecules of the parasite. We here present an improved genome assembly of a T. cruzi clade I (TcI) strain using high coverage PacBio single molecule sequencing, together with Illumina sequencing of 34 T. cruzi TcI isolates and clones from different geographic locations, sample sources and clinical outcomes. Resolution of the surface molecule gene structure reveals an unusual duality in the organisation of the parasite genome, a core genomic region syntenous with related protozoa flanked by unique and highly plastic subtelomeric regions encoding surface antigens. The presence of abundant interspersed retrotransposons in the subtelomeres suggests that these elements are involved in a recombination mechanism for the generation of antigenic variation and evasion of the host immune response. The comparative genomic analysis of the cohort of TcI strains revealed multiple cases of such recombination events involving surface molecule genes and has provided new insights into T. cruzi population structure.
A co-evolutionary perspective on business processes
Authors: Uli Vincenzo 
Published: March 2018

PurposeWhat new empirical implications can emerge in the organizational adaptation domain by adopting a multi-level co-evolutionary theoretical perspective? How does the performance appraisal process affect the evolution of the organization? The purpose of this paper, positioned within the organizational evolution research field, is to untangle the complexity behind emergence, development, and extinction of business processes over time, highlighting the inner mechanisms behind the adaptation process.Design/methodology/approachThe work is presented as a longitudinal, single case study of a service firm. Scholars concur in considering this approach particularly reliable when investigating the evolution of a practice (Feldman, 2000; Howard-Grenville, 2005; Lazaric and Denis, 2005). Data have been collected during 2014 through three main methods: unstructured interviews, meeting observations, and direct observation of participants.FindingsFrom the analysis, it emerges that the impact of the performance appraisal routine on individual and group dynamics is the main determinant behind organizational inertia and resistance to change. In particular, the degree of managerial control exerted, the feedback scheme applied, and the group interaction mechanisms are predictors of the degree of business process exploitation or exploration within a practice.Research limitations/implicationsIn order to address the exploratory nature of the work, further developments may deepen the analysis investigating and comparing the findings obtained in different business contexts, highlighting important similarities or differences in various sectors. Different empirical settings might also be beneficial in further investigating the complexity of additional dimensions of routines’ evolution, especially at the group and organization level of analysis.Practical implicationsThe insights from the case may serve as useful inputs to improve the efficiency of the service firm examined, and to identify possible mechanisms to foster knowledge production and replication within the practice.Originality/valueThe paper, by adopting a co-evolutionary perspective, has been conceived as a deliberate search for new empirical implications in the organizational evolution research domain at multiple levels of analysis.
Business process innovation on quality and supply chains
Authors: Schniederjans Dara G. 
Published: March 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess the role of business process innovation on the relationship between social quality management (SQM) and supply chain performance. To address this issue, this paper distinguishes SQM from soft quality management. This paper further refines the impact of two levels of business process innovation (radical vs incremental) on this relationship.Design/methodology/approachData were collected through a survey of manufacturing firms throughout the USA. Hierarchical moderated regression analyses were performed in order to examine the hypotheses.FindingsThis study confirmed the positive association between SQM and supply chain performance. While the results confirm a positive moderating relationship with incremental business process innovation between SQM and supply chain performance, radical process innovation was found to have a negative moderating role on this relationship.Originality/valueThis paper distinguishes SQM from soft quality management thus making it easier to determine which aspects of soft quality management enhance supply chain performance. This study also provides evidence of the differing ways in which business process innovation moderates the relationship between SQM and supply chain performance specifically identifying the positive and negative moderating role of incremental and radical business process innovations.
An analytical approach and finite element evaluation of leakage fluxes of the PMs in a non-slotted axial flux permanent magnet machine
Authors: Mirzahosseini Reza , Darabi Ahmad , Assili Mohsen 
Published: March 2018

PurposeConsideration of leakage fluxes in the preliminary design stage of a machine is important for accurate determination of machine dimensions and prediction of performance characteristics. This paper aims to obtain some equations for calculating the average air gap flux density, the flux density within the magnet and the air gap leakage flux factor.Design/methodology/approachA detailed magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) is presented for a TORUS-type non-slotted axial flux permanent magnet (TORUS-NS AFPM) machine. In this MEC, the leakage flux occurring between two adjacent magnets and the leakage fluxes taking place between the magnet and rotor iron at the interpolar, inner and outer edges of the magnets are considered. According to the proposed MEC and by using flux division law, some equations are extracted. A three-dimensional finite element method (FEM) is used to evaluate the proposed analytical equations. The study machine is a 3.7 kW and 1,400 rpm TORUS-NS AFPM machine.FindingsThe air gap leakage flux factor, the average air gap flux density and the flux density within the magnet are calculated using the proposed equations and FEM. All the results of FEM confirm the excellent accuracy of the proposed analytical method.Originality/valueThe new equations presented in this paper can be applied for leakage flux evaluating purposes.
A new metaheuristic unscented Kalman filter for state vector estimation of the induction motor based on Ant Lion optimizer
Authors: Rayyam Marouane , Zazi Malika , Barradi Youssef 
Published: March 2018

PurposeTo improve sensorless control of induction motor using Kalman filtering family, this paper aims to introduce a new metaheuristic optimizer algorithm for online rotor speed and flux estimation.Design/methodology/approachThe main problem with unscented Kalman filter (UKF) observer is its sensibility to the initial values of Q and R. To solve the optimal solution of these matrices, a novel alternative called ant lion optimization (ALO)-UKF is introduced. It is based on the combination of the classical UKF observer and a nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm, ALO.FindingsSynthesized ALO-UKF has given good results over the famous extended Kalman filter and the classical UKF observer in terms of accuracy and dynamic performance. A comparison between ALO and particle swarm optimization (PSO) was established. Simulations illustrate that ALO recovers rapidly and accurately while PSO has a slower convergence.Originality/valueUsing the proposed approach, tuning the design matrices Q and R in Kalman filtering becomes an easy task with a high degree of accuracy and the constraints of time cost are surmounted. Also, ALO-UKF is an efficient tool to improve estimation performance of states and parameters’ uncertainties of the induction motor. Related optimization technique can be extended to faults monitoring by online identification of their corresponding signatures.
2-D quasi-static Fourier series solution for a linear induction motor
Authors: Woronowicz Konrad , Abdelqader Majd , Palka Ryszard , Morelli Jordan 
Published: March 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to present a method for calculating electromagnetic fields, eddy currents and forces for a quasi-static two-dimensional (2-D) model of linear induction motors (LIMs) where the primary side is modeled as a collection of individual coils.Design/methodology/approachAn analytical solution using Fourier series is derived for a general source with current excitations residing in an airgap and moving relative to a conducting plate and back iron. Ideal magnetic material with infinite permeability is used to model the primary iron above the primary source and the back iron below the conducting plate.FindingsThe analytical solution is compared to a commercial 2-D finite element analysis (FEA) simulation for validation and then compared to a 2-D FEA model with a more detailed geometry of the LIM. The analytical model accurately predicts LIM thrust even though the geometry of the primary core is simplified as an infinitely long flat slab. 2-D frequency FEA can be used successfully to predict in motion LIM performance.Originality/valueThe analytical solution presented here models the primary excitations as individual discrete coils instead of current sheets, which all existing models are based on. The discrete coils approach provides a more intuitive and realistic model of the LIM.
Analytical way of transforming the hyperbolic hysteresis model into theT(x) model
Authors: Takacs Jeno 
Published: March 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to present an analytical way of formulating the vital parameters of an equivalent hysteresis loop of a composite, multi-component magnetic substance. By using the hyperbolic model, the only model, which separates the constituent parts of the composite magnetic materials, an equivalent loop can be composed analytically. So far, it was only possible to superimpose the tanh functions by numerical method. With this transformation, all multi-component composite substances can be treated mathematically as a single-phase material, as in theT(x) model, and include it in mathematical operations. The transformation works with good accuracy for major and minor loops and provides an easy analytical way to arrive to the vital parameters. This also shows an analytical way to the easy solution of some of the difficult problems in magnetism for multi-component ferrous materials, such as Fourier and Laplace transforms, accommodation and energy loss, already solved for theT(x) model.Design/methodology/approachThe mathematical single loop formulation of hysteresis loop of a multi-phase substance shows the way in good approximation of the sum of constituent loops, described by tanh functions. That was so far only possible by numerical methods. By doing so, it becomes equivalent to theT(x)model for mathematical operations.FindingsThe described method gives an analytical formulation [identical to theT(x) model] of multi-component hysteresis loops described by hyperbolic model, leading to simple solution of difficult problems in magnetism such as loop reversal.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the method is an approximation, its accuracy is good enough for use in magnetic research and practical applications in industries engaged in application of magnetic materials.Practical implicationsThe hyperbolic model is the only one which separates the magnetic substance, used in practice, to constituent components by describing its multi-component state. Superimposing the components was only possible so far by numerical means. The transformation shown is an analytical approximation applicable in mathematical calculations. The transformation described here enables the user to apply all rules applicable to theT(x) model.Social implicationsThis study equally helps researchers and practical users of the hyperbolic model.Originality/valueThis novel analytical approach to the problem provides an acceptable mathematical solution for practical problems in research and manufacturing. It shows a way to solutions of many difficult problems in magnetism.
Facilities and maintenance services for sustainable high-rise living
Authors: Sia Mal Kong , Yew Vivien Wong Chin , Lim Zhi Yong , Dongqing Ye 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
It is essential to provide the necessary facilities in a building for human living. However, most unit owners of high-rise buildings do not realise the importance of good property management until their buildings and common facilities have deteriorated. It is thus important to ensure adequate maintenance is provided to create and sustain a healthy living environment for high-rise households. The purpose of this study is to measure and compare the perceptions and satisfactions of residents with the facilities and maintenance services provided in two different condominiums located next to each other.

Design/methodology/approach
Survey questionnaires were used, and the data were collected from 120 residents of each condominium which was developed by the same developer but completed at different times. Using the IBM SPSS Statistics software, cross tabulations, χ2 tests of independence and independent-samples t-tests were carried out for descriptive and inferential statistics. A simple post questionnaire survey was conducted to confirm the findings obtained from χ2 tests and t-tests.

Findings
The results show that residents’ perceptions of facilities and maintenance services provided are significantly higher for the newer condominium compared to the older one. Residents’ satisfactions with facilities are also higher for the newer condominium. However, poorer lift services and their maintenance have resulted in lower overall mean satisfaction with maintenance services for the newer condominium. Nevertheless, results from data collected in post questionnaire survey reveal that the respondents still prefer to live in the newer condominium despite higher rental rates.

Research limitations/implications
This paper reports only the data collected from samples of two condominiums in Kuala Lumpur.

Practical implications
There is a dearth of literature on residents’ perceptions and satisfactions towards facilities and maintenance services provided for high-rise residential living, particularly in Malaysia, where high-rise buildings are either managed by joint management body or management corporation depending on whether the strata titles have been issued. The findings can be used as benchmarks for property management purposes of condominiums.

Originality/value
This paper could be considered as the first in reporting residents’ perceptions and satisfactions with the facilities and maintenance services provided in residential high-rise buildings since the implementation of the Strata Management Act 2013, which was implemented to provide for proper maintenance and management of high-rise buildings and the common properties.
The history of healthcare facilities management services: a UK perspective on infection control
Authors: Njuangang Stanley , Liyanage Champika , Akintoye Akintola 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The history of the development of non-clinical services in infection control (IC) dates back to the pre-modern era. There is evidence of health-care facility management (HFM) services in Roman military hospitals. With the fall of the Roman Empire, Christian beliefs and teaching shaped the development of HFM in monastic hospitals. It was not until the late Victorian era that the link between HFM services and diseases caused by “miasma”, or bad air, became established. The discovery of bacteria in the modern scientific era reduced the level of importance previously attached to non-clinical causes of infections. Today, in the NHS, HFM services continue to be treated as though they had no real role to play in IC. This paper aims to collate historical and epidemiological evidence to show the link between HFM and IC.

Design/methodology/approach
The evidence gathered in this research paper is primarily based on an in-depth review of research from a wide range of sources. A “within-study literature analysis” was conducted to synthesise the research materials. This involved the application of “between-source triangulation” to verify the quality of the information contained in the studies, and “between-source complementarity” to provide an in-depth elaboration of the historical facts.

Findings
Historical and epidemiological evidence shows that HFM services such as cleaning, waste management, catering, laundry and maintenance continue to play a crucial role in IC. This is corroborated by evidence gathered from the work of renowned pioneers in the field of IC. However, reforms in the NHS have failed to consider this, as HFM services have been largely fragmented through different partnership arrangements.

Practical implications
Among many other things, this research raises the profile of HFM staff in relation to the issue of IC in hospitals. It presents convincing evidence to show that the relationship between the clinical and non-clinical domains in controlling infections in hospitals has a long history. The findings of this research give HFM staff invaluable information about the significant role of their profession in the control of infections in hospitals.

Originality/value
This is one of the few studies examining the historical development of HFM services, as well as their contribution to IC. Other work in this area has mainly been framed from a clinical health-care perspective.