bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The responses of winter cultivars of common wheat, durum wheat and spelt to agronomic factors
Authors: Budzyński W. S. , Bepirszcz K. , Jankowski K. J. , Dubis B. , Hłasko-Nasalska A. , Sokólski M. M. , Olszewski J. , Załuski D. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA field experiment with the 35–1 fractional factorial design and five factors (k = 5) at three levels (s = 3) was performed in 2007–2010 at the Agricultural Experiment Station in Bałcyny, north-eastern (NE) Poland. The results of the experiment carried out under the agro-ecological conditions of NE Poland confirmed the high yield potential of common wheat and satisfactory yield potential of spelt and durum wheat. On average, durum wheat and spelt yields were 2.14 and 2.55 t/ha lower, respectively, than common wheat yields. Sowing date was not correlated with the yields of analysed Triticum species. Seed rate (350, 450 and 550 seeds/m2) had no significant influence on the grain yield of winter cultivars of common wheat, durum wheat and spelt. Common wheat cv. Oliwin and durum wheat cv. Komnata were characterized by the highest yields in response to nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates calculated based on the Nmin content of soil. An increase in the spring fertilizer rate by 40 kg N/ha in excess of the balanced N rate was not justified because it did not induce a further increase in the grain yield of common wheat and durum wheat. The grain yield of spelt cv. Schwabenkorn continued to increase in response to the highest rate of N fertilizer in spring (40 kg N/ha higher than the optimal rate). Intensified fungicide treatments improved grain yield in all Triticum species.
Investigating the effect of a nasal decongestant on post-adenotonsillectomy respiratory complications in 25 paediatric patients with obstructive sleep apnoea: a pilot study
Authors: Shamil E , Rouhani M J , Panayi A C , Lynch J , Tysome J , Jonas N 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveAdenotonsillectomy is frequently performed for obstructive sleep apnoea, but is associated with post-operative respiratory morbidity. This study assessed the effect of paediatric Otrivine (0.05 per cent xylometazoline hydrochloride) on post-operative respiratory compromise.MethodsPaediatric patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnoea were included. The control group (n = 24) received no intervention and the intervention group (n = 25) received intra-operative paediatric Otrivine during induction using a nasal patty. Post-operative outcomes included pain, respiratory distress signs and medical intervention level required (simple, intermediate and major).ResultsPost-operative respiratory distress signs were exhibited by 4 per cent of the Otrivine group and 21 per cent of the control group. Sixty-eight per cent of the Otrivine group required simple medical interventions post-operatively, compared to 42 per cent of the control group. In the Otrivine group, 4 per cent required intermediate interventions; none required major interventions. In the control group, 12.5 per cent required both intermediate and major interventions. Fifty per cent of the control group reported pain post-operatively, compared with 40 per cent in the Otrivine group.ConclusionIntra-operative paediatric Otrivine may reduce post-operative respiratory compromise in paediatric patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnoea. A randomised controlled trial is required.
Topology and Size–Shape Optimization of an Adaptive Compliant Gripper with High Mechanical Advantage for Grasping Irregular Objects
Authors: Liu Chih-Hsing , Chiu Chen-Hua , Hsu Mao-Cheng , Chen Yang , Chiang Yen-Pin 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThis study presents an optimal design procedure including topology optimization and size–shape optimization methods to maximize mechanical advantage (which is defined as the ratio of output force to input force) of the synthesized compliant mechanism. The formulation of the topology optimization method to design compliant mechanisms with multiple output ports is presented. The topology-optimized result is used as the initial design domain for subsequent size–shape optimization process. The proposed optimal design procedure is used to synthesize an adaptive compliant gripper with high mechanical advantage. The proposed gripper is a monolithic two-finger design and is prototyped using silicon rubber. Experimental studies including mechanical advantage test, object grasping test, and payload test are carried out to evaluate the design. The results show that the proposed adaptive complaint gripper assembly can effectively grasp irregular objects up to 2.7 kg.
Interplay between early-life malnutrition, epigenetic modulation of the immune function and liver diseases
Authors: Campisano Sabrina , La Colla Anabela , Echarte Stella M. , Chisari Andrea N. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEarly-life nutrition plays a critical role in fetal growth and development. Food intake absence and excess are the two main types of energy malnutrition that predispose to the appearance of diseases in adulthood, according to the hypothesis of ‘developmental origins of health and disease’. Epidemiological data have shown an association between early-life malnutrition and the metabolic syndrome in later life. Evidence has also demonstrated that nutrition during this period of life can affect the development of the immune system through epigenetic mechanisms. Thus, epigenetics has an essential role in the complex interplay between environmental factors and genetics. Altogether, this leads to the inflammatory response that is commonly seen in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. In conjunction, DNA methylation, covalent modification of histones and the expression of non-coding RNA are the epigenetic phenomena that affect inflammatory processes in the context of NAFLD. Here, we highlight current understanding of the mechanisms underlying developmental programming of NAFLD linked to epigenetic modulation of the immune system and environmental factors, such as malnutrition.
Differential susceptibility effects of maternal sensitivity in childhood on small for gestational age adults’ wealth
Authors: Nichols Tobey , Jaekel Julia , Bartmann Peter , Wolke Dieter 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBeing born small for gestational age (SGA) is considered a developmental vulnerability. Alternatively, SGA may be viewed as a marker for individual susceptibility to environmental experiences. The aim was to test if individuals born SGA are more susceptible to both negative and positive environmental experiences assessed by sensitive parenting in childhood compared with those born appropriate for gestational age (AGA). The target outcome was wealth in young adulthood. A total of 438 participants (SGA, n = 109; AGA, n = 329) were studied as part of the prospective Bavarian Longitudinal Study of neonatal at-risk children. Maternal sensitivity was observed during a standardized mother-child interaction task, and IQ was assessed with the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children at age 6 years. At age 26, participants’ wealth was assessed with a comprehensive composite score. Individuals born SGA were found to be more susceptible to the effects of sensitive parenting after controlling for gestational age and IQ at age 6 years. When maternal sensitivity was lower than average, SGA adults did worse than AGA adults, but when exposed to above-average maternal sensitivity in childhood, they obtained significantly higher wealth than their AGA peers by 26 years of age.
Freedom and the Fact of Reason
Authors: Galvin Richard 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe focus of my argument is whether, and in what sense, freedom is ‘revealed’ by the fact of reason in Kant’s secondCritique. I examine the passages in which Kant refers to the fact of reason and conclude that he uses the term to refer to our taking morality as authoritative, and to our apprehending the content of the moral law. I then point out how various commentators have claimed each to bethefact of reason. Next I address how each is claimed by Kant to reveal ‘freedom’ to us and argue that our taking morality as authoritative is best understood as referring to our conception of ourselves as autonomous beings, and that our apprehending the moral law’s content reveals only the idea of freedom as a coherent one. Neither would demonstrate that we actually are autonomous, nor would their conjunction, despite what some commentators have claimed. In closing I defend the deflationary position that the fact of reason entitles us to postulate our freedom, but only from the practical point of view, and that it demonstrates that freedom is a coherent idea.
SUBSTRUCTURAL INQUISITIVE LOGICS
Authors: PUNČOCHÁŘ VÍT 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper shows that any propositional logic that extends a basic substructural logic BSL (a weak, nondistributive, nonassociative, and noncommutative version of Full Lambek logic with a paraconsistent negation) can be enriched with questions in the style of inquisitive semantics and logic. We introduce a relational semantic framework for substructural logics that enables us to define the notion of an inquisitive extension of λ, denoted as ${\lambda ^?}$, for any logic λ that is at least as strong as BSL. A general theory of these “inquisitive extensions” is worked out. In particular, it is shown how to axiomatize ${\lambda ^?}$, given the axiomatization of λ. Furthermore, the general theory is applied to some prominent logical systems in the class: classical logic Cl, intuitionistic logic Int, and t-norm based fuzzy logics, including for example Łukasiewicz fuzzy logic Ł. For the inquisitive extensions of these logics, axiomatization is provided and a suitable semantics found.
The Blattodea (cockroaches), Mantodea (praying mantises) and Dermaptera (earwigs) of the Insect Limestone (late Eocene), Isle of Wight, including the first record of Mantodea from the UK
Authors: ROSS Andrew J. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTThe fossil cockroaches (Blattodea), praying mantises (Mantodea) and earwigs (Demaptera) are described from the Insect Limestone (Priabonian) of the Isle of Wight, southern England. Three new species of cockroach are described in the family Ectobiidae –Phyllodromica protosardeasp. nov.,Balta protosimilissp. nov. andMalaccina?wightensissp. nov. – and a further nine indeterminate species are presented (based on ten specimens). The only known specimen of praying mantis is described asProtohierodula crabbigen. et sp. nov. in the family Manteidae, which constitutes the first record of Mantodea from the UK. The only known specimen of earwig is an incomplete juvenile belonging to the superfamily Forficuloidea.
Seismic Observation of Tsunami at Island Broadband Stations
Authors: Nishida Kiwamu , Maeda Takuto , Fukao Yoshio 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPrevious studies have reported seismic observations of tsunami recorded at island broadband stations. Coastal loading by the tsunami can explain them. For further quantification, we model tsunami propagation assuming an axisymmetric structure: a conical island with a flat ocean floor. The total tsunami wavefield can be represented by superposition between an incident tsunami wave and the scattering. The ground deformation due to the total tsunami wavefield at the center is calculated using static Green's functions for elastic half‐space with a first‐order correction for bathymetry. By fitting the modeled displacement to observed seismic data, we can infer the incident tsunami wave, which can be interpreted as the virtual tsunami amplitude without the conical island. First, we apply this new method to three components of seismic data at a volcano island, Aogashima, for the 2015 Torishima‐Oki tsunami earthquake. The estimated tsunami amplitude from the vertical component is consistent with the offshore array observation of absolute pressure gauges close to the island (1.5–20 mHz). The estimated incident azimuth from the three components is also consistent with ray theory. Second, we apply this method to seismic data at four island broadband stations in the Indian ocean for the 2010 Mentawai tsunami earthquake in Indonesia. Despite the limited observed frequency range from 0.5–2.0 mHz, the amplitudes and incident azimuths are consistent with past studies. These observations can complement offshore tsunami observations. Moreover, this method is applicable not only for a tsunami but also for background ocean infragravity wave activity.
An Effort to Reconcile Time‐ and Slip‐Dependent Friction Evolution
Authors: Li Tianyi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn rate and state friction (RSF) theory, time‐dependent evolution (represented by the Aging law) and slip‐dependent evolution (represented by the Slip law) both succeed in explaining some features of the friction curves while failing in explaining others. Nevertheless, experimental results provided strong evidence for the two ideas and suggested that they are both critical components in friction evolution. Making a first attempt toward reconciling these two ideas, we developed a new friction model for RSF evolution assuming combined physical mechanisms that highlight asperities' plastic behavior: the time‐dependent growth of asperity contact area and the slip‐dependent enhancement (slip strengthening) of asperity intrinsic strength. Our model adopts a two‐scale mathematical structure developed by Li and Rubin (2017; https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JB013970), where the specification of the surface distribution of asperity ensembles and their geometry facilitates the numerical construction of the state variable in the RSF equation. Results show that this new model's fit to the slide‐hold‐slide experiments is similar to the best fits of the Slip law, while it provides an improved physical picture; however, for velocity steps it fails to match the symmetry of step ups and downs, although the general fit is acceptable. By introducing two new parameters to specify the slip‐hardening mechanism, we allow the model to incorporate as a subset the pure time‐dependent model discussed in Li and Rubin (2017). Although failing to completely reconcile time‐ and slip‐dependent friction evolution, this study produced useful insights for future research; for example, a granular numerical description of the frictional surface might be convenient for modeling the physics of friction.
Additive manufacturing of self-healing elastomers
Authors: Yu Kunhao , Xin An , Du Haixu , Li Ying , Wang Qiming 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNature excels in both self-healing and 3D shaping; for example, self-healable human organs feature functional geometries and microstructures. However, tailoring man-made self-healing materials into complex structures faces substantial challenges. Here, we report a paradigm of photopolymerization-based additive manufacturing of self-healable elastomer structures with free-form architectures. The paradigm relies on a molecularly designed photoelastomer ink with both thiol and disulfide groups, where the former facilitates a thiol-ene photopolymerization during the additive manufacturing process and the latter enables a disulfide metathesis reaction during the self-healing process. We find that the competition between the thiol and disulfide groups governs the photocuring rate and self-healing efficiency of the photoelastomer. The self-healing behavior of the photoelastomer is understood with a theoretical model that agrees well with the experimental results. With projection microstereolithography systems, we demonstrate rapid additive manufacturing of single- and multimaterial self-healable structures for 3D soft actuators, multiphase composites, and architected electronics. Compatible with various photopolymerization-based additive manufacturing systems, the photoelastomer is expected to open promising avenues for fabricating structures where free-form architectures and efficient self-healing are both desirable.
Cancer cell-expressed SLAMF7 is not required for CD47-mediated phagocytosis
Authors: He Yuan , Bouwstra Renee , Wiersma Valerie R. , de Jong Mathilde , Jan Lourens Harm , Fehrmann Rudolf , de Bruyn Marco , Ammatuna Emanuele , Huls Gerwin , van Meerten Tom , Bremer Edwin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCD47 is a prominent new target in cancer immunotherapy, with antagonistic antibodies currently being evaluated in clinical trials. For effective evaluation of this strategy it is crucial to identify which patients are suited for CD47-targeted therapy. In this respect, expression of the pro-phagocytic signal SLAMF7 on both macrophages and cancer cells was recently reported to be a requisite for CD47 antibody-mediated phagocytosis. Here, we demonstrate that in fact SLAMF7 expression on cancer cells is not required and does not impact on CD47 antibody therapy. Moreover, SLAMF7 also does not impact on phagocytosis induction by CD20 antibody rituximab nor associates with overall survival of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma patients. In contrast, expression of CD47 negatively impacts on overall and progression free survival. In conclusion, cancer cell expression of SLAMF7 is not required for phagocytosis and, in contrast to CD47 expression, should not be used as selection criterion for CD47-targeted therapy.
Continuous dynamic adjustment of the plant circadian oscillator
Authors: Webb Alex A. R. , Seki Motohide , Satake Akiko , Caldana Camila 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe clockwork of plant circadian oscillators has been resolved through investigations in Arabidopsis thaliana. The circadian oscillator is an important regulator of much of plant physiology, though many of the mechanisms are unclear. New findings demonstrate that the oscillator adjusts phase and period in response to abiotic and biotic signals, providing insight in to how the plant circadian oscillator integrates with the biology of the cell and entrains to light, dark and temperature cycles. We propose that the plant circadian oscillator is dynamically plastic, in constant adjustment, rather than being an isolated clock impervious to cellular events.
A number-based inventory of size-resolved black carbon particle emissions by global civil aviation
Authors: Zhang Xiaole , Chen Xi , Wang Jing 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWith the rapidly growing global air traffic, the impacts of the black carbon (BC) in the aviation exhaust on climate, environment and public health are likely rising. The particle number and size distribution are crucial metrics for toxicological analysis and aerosol-cloud interactions. Here, a size-resolved BC particle number emission inventory was developed for the global civil aviation. The BC particle number emission is approximately (10.9 ± 2.1) × 1025 per year with an average emission index of (6.06 ± 1.18) × 1014 per kg of burned fuel, which is about 1.3% of the total ground anthropogenic emissions, and 3.6% of the road transport emission. The global aviation emitted BC particles follow a lognormal distribution with a geometric mean diameter (GMD) of 31.99 ± 0.8 nm and a geometric standard deviation (GSD) of 1.85 ± 0.016. The variabilities of GMDs and GSDs for all flights are about 4.8 and 0.08 nm, respectively. The inventory provides new data for assessing the aviation impacts.
Genome-wide gene-based analyses of weight loss interventions identify a potential role for NKX6.3 in metabolism
Authors: Valsesia Armand , Wang Qiao-Ping , Gheldof Nele , Carayol Jérôme , Ruffieux Hélène , Clark Teleri , Shenton Victoria , Oyston Lisa J. , Lefebvre Gregory , Metairon Sylviane , Chabert Christian , Walter Ondine , Mironova Polina , Lau Paulina , Descombes Patrick , Viguerie Nathalie , Langin Dominique , Harper Mary-Ellen , Astrup Arne , Saris Wim H. , Dent Robert , Neely Greg G. , Hager Jörg 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHundreds of genetic variants have been associated with Body Mass Index (BMI) through genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using observational cohorts. However, the genetic contribution to efficient weight loss in response to dietary intervention remains unknown. We perform a GWAS in two large low-caloric diet intervention cohorts of obese participants. Two loci close toNKX6.3/MIR486andRBSG4are identified in the Canadian discovery cohort (n = 1166) and replicated in the DiOGenes cohort (n = 789). Modulation ofHGTX(NKX6.3ortholog) levels inDrosophila melanogasterleads to significantly altered triglyceride levels. Additional tissue-specific experiments demonstrate an action through the oenocytes, fly hepatocyte-like cells that regulate lipid metabolism. Our results identify genetic variants associated with the efficacy of weight loss in obese subjects and identify a role forNKX6.3in lipid metabolism, and thereby possibly weight control.
Noisy defects in the high-Tc superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x
Authors: Massee F. , Huang Y. K. , Golden M. S. , Aprili M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDopants and impurities are crucial in shaping the ground state of host materials: semiconducting technology is based on their ability to donate or trap electrons, and they can even be used to transform insulators into high temperature superconductors. Due to limited time resolution, most atomic-scale studies of the latter materials focussed on the effect of dopants on the electronic properties averaged over time. Here, by using atomic-scale current-noise measurements in optimally doped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x, we visualize sub-nanometre sized objects where the tunnelling current-noise is enhanced by at least an order of magnitude. We show that these objects are previously undetected oxygen dopants whose ionization and local environment leads to unconventional charge dynamics resulting in correlated tunnelling events. The ionization of these dopants opens up new routes to dynamically control doping at the atomic scale, enabling the direct visualization of local charging on e.g. high-Tc superconductivity.
Structural basis for the bypass of the major oxaliplatin–DNA adducts by human DNA polymerase η
Authors: Ouzon-Shubeita Hala , Baker Meghan , Koag Myong-Chul , Lee Seongmin 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Oxaliplatin, together with cisplatin, is among the most important drugs used in cancer chemotherapy. Oxaliplatin, which contains a bulky diaminocyclohexane (DACH) moiety, kills cancer cells mainly by producing (DACH)Pt–GpG intrastrand cross-links that impede transcription. The Pt–GpG tolerance by translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) polymerases contributes to the resistance of tumors to platinum-based chemotherapy. In particular, human DNA polymerase η (Polη) readily bypasses Pt–GpG adducts. While many structural studies have addressed how TLS polymerases interact with cisplatin–DNA adducts, a structure of DNA polymerase in complex with oxaliplatin–DNA adducts has not been reported, limiting our understanding of bypass of the bulky (DACH)Pt–GpG lesion by TLS polymerases. Herein, we report the first structure of DNA polymerase bound to oxaliplatinated DNA. We determined a crystal structure of Polη incorporating dCTP opposite the 3′G of the (DACH)Pt–GpG, which provides insights into accurate, efficient bypass of the oxaliplatin–GpG adducts by TLS polymerases. In the catalytic site of Polη, the 3′G of the (DACH)Pt–GpG formed three Watson–Crick hydrogen bonds with incoming dCTP and the primer terminus 3′-OH was optimally positioned for nucleotidyl transfer. To accommodate the bulky (DACH)Pt–GpG lesion, the Val59–Trp64 loop in the finger domain of Polη shifted from the positions observed in the corresponding Polη–cisplatin–GpG and undamaged structures, suggesting that the flexibility of the Val59–Trp64 loop allows the enzyme's bypass of the (DACH)Pt–GpG adducts. Overall, the Polη–oxaliplatin–GpG structure provides a structural basis for TLS-mediated bypass of the major oxaliplatin–DNA adducts and insights into resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy in humans.