bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indian summer monsoon: Extreme events, historical changes, and role of anthropogenic forcings
Authors: Singh Deepti , Ghosh Subimal , Roxy Mathew K. , McDermid Sonali 
Published: January 2019

The South Asian summer monsoon is a complex coupled human‐natural system that poses unique challenges for understanding its evolution alongside increasing anthropogenic activities. Rapid and substantial changes in land‐use, land‐management and industrial activities over the subcontinent, and warming in the Indian Ocean, have influenced the South Asian summer monsoon. These might continue to be significant drivers in the near‐term along with rising global greenhouse gas emissions. Deciphering the region's vulnerability to climate change requires an understanding of how these anthropogenic activities, acting on a range of spatial scales, have shaped the monsoon spatially and temporally. This review summarizes historical changes in monsoon rainfall characteristics, associated mechanisms, and the role of anthropogenic forcings, focusing on subseasonal variability and extreme events. Several studies have found intensified subseasonal extremes across parts of India and an increase in spatial variability of rainfall despite an overall weakening of seasonal rainfall in the monsoon core. However, understanding these changes remains challenging because of uncertainties in observations and climate models. The mechanisms and relative influences of various anthropogenic activities, particularly on subseasonal extremes, remain relatively underexplored. Large biases in the representation of relevant processes in global climate models limit the ability to attribute historical changes and make reliable projections. Nevertheless, recent advances in modeling these processes using higher‐resolution modeling frameworks provide new tools to investigate the Indian summer monsoon's response to various anthropogenic forcings. There is an urgent need to understand how these forcings interact to shape climate variability and change in this vulnerable region.This article is categorized under:

Paleoclimates and Current Trends > Earth System Behavior
Fast‐Track Pancreaticoduodenectomy: Factors Associated with Early Discharge
Authors: Mahvi David A. , Pak Linda M. , Bose Sourav K. , Urman Richard D. , Gold Jason S. , Whang Edward E. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundPancreaticoduodenectomy is a complex surgery frequently associated with prolonged hospitalizations. However, there are a subset of patients discharged within 5 days from surgery; the preoperative and intraoperative characteristics of this subset are unknown.MethodsThe NSQIP Targeted Pancreatectomy Dataset was used from 2014 to 2016. Patients who died within 30 days were excluded. A total of 10,741 patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy were identified. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed for preoperative and intraoperative ACS‐NSQIP variables to identify predictors of early discharge. Early discharge was defined as discharge 3–5 days after surgery.ResultsA total of 1105 patients (10.3%) were discharged within 5 days following pancreaticoduodenectomy. On multivariable analysis, preoperative factors associated with early discharge included younger age (OR 0.988, p < 0.001), non‐obesity (OR 0.737, p = 0.001), those receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (OR 1.424, p < 0.001), and lack of COPD (OR 0.489, p = 0.005) or hypertension (OR 0.805, p = 0.007). Intraoperative factors associated with early discharge on multivariable analysis were shorter operation duration (OR 0.999, p = 0.002), minimally invasive surgery (OR 3.537, p < 0.001), and hard pancreatic texture (OR 1.480, p < 0.001). Intraoperative factors associated with non‐early discharge were epidural placement (OR 0.485, p < 0.001), drain placement (OR 0.308, p < 0.001), and jejunostomy tube placement (OR 0.278, p < 0.001). Patients discharged within 5 days had a 14.7% readmission rate compared to 17.0% for later discharges (p = 0.047).ConclusionsMultiple preoperative and intraoperative factors, including some that are potentially modifiable, were significantly associated with early discharge after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Patients with these characteristics may benefit from enhanced recovery after surgery programs and expedited disposition planning postoperatively.
Early Acute Kidney Injury Within an Established Enhanced Recovery Pathway: Uncommon and Transitory
Authors: Grass Fabian , Lovely Jenna K. , Crippa Jacopo , Mathis Kellie L. , Hübner Martin , Larson David W. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aimed to assess the impact of perioperative fluid management on early acute kidney injury (AKI) rate and long‐term sequelae in patients undergoing elective colorectal procedures within an enhanced recovery pathway (ERP).MethodsRetrospective analysis of consecutive patients from a prospectively maintained ERP database (2011–2015) is performed. Pre‐ and postoperative creatinine levels (within 24 h) were compared according to risk (preoperative creatinine rise ×1.5), injury (×2), failure (×3), loss of kidney function and end‐stage kidney disease (RIFLE) criteria. Risk factors for early AKI were identified through logistic regression analysis, and long‐term outcome in patients with AKI was assessed.ResultsOut of 7103 patients, 4096 patients (58%) with pre‐ and postoperative creatinine levels were included. Of these, 104 patients (2.5%) presented postoperative AKI. AKI patients received higher amounts of POD 0 fluids (3.8 ± 2.4 vs. 3.2 ± 2 L, p = 0.01) and had increased postoperative weight gain at POD 2 (6 ± 4.9 vs. 3 ± 2.7 kg, p = 0.007). Independent risk factors for AKI were high ASA score (ASA ≥ 3: OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.1–2.5), prolonged operating time (>180 min: OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.3–2.9) and diabetes mellitus (OR 2.5; 95% CI 1.5–4), while minimally invasive surgery was a protective factor (OR 0.6; 95% CI 0.4–0.9). Five patients (0.1%) developed chronic kidney disease, and two of them needed dialysis after a mean follow‐up of 33.7 ± 22.4 months.ConclusionsEarly AKI was very uncommon in the present cohort of colorectal surgery patients treated within an ERP, and long‐term sequelae were exceptionally low.
High‐Dose RAI Therapy Justified by Pathological N1a Disease Revealed by Prophylactic Central Neck Dissection for cN0 Papillary Thyroid Cancer Patients: Is it Superior to Low‐Dose RAI Therapy?
Authors: Wei Lan , Bai Lin , Zhao Lina , Yu Tianyu , Ma Qingjie , Ji Bin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveOne of the presumed advantages of prophylactic central neck dissection (pCND) is offering staging basis for more aggressive radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy, which postulates the necessity of high dose for treatment efficacy. The present study aims to compare the effectiveness between low‐dose and high‐dose RAI in a select cohort of cN0 papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients with pathological N1a (pN1a) disease revealed by pCND in terms of ablation rate and response to therapy. The frequency of short‐term adverse effects between the two groups was also compared.Patients and MethodsFrom January 2014 to April 2016, cN0 PTC patients with pN1a disease revealed by pCND in our hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with other indications for high‐dose RAI, such as the presence of extrathyroidal extension, vascular invasion or suspicions of distant metastasis, were excluded. For the included patients, high dose (3700 MBq) was administered between January 2014 and August 2015 and low dose (1110 MBq) between August 2015 and April 2016. Ablation assessment was performed 6 months after RAI therapy. Response evaluation after RAI therapy was performed after 46.3 ± 9.5 months for high‐dose group and 29.1 ± 2.6 months for low‐dose group. All patients were also evaluated for short‐term adverse effects 24 and 72 hours after RAI administration.ResultsA total of 84 patients were enrolled. Among them, 42 were in the high‐dose group and the other 42 in the low‐dose group. There was no significant difference in ablation rate (P = 0.7707) and response to RAI therapy (P = 0.6454) between the two groups. Twenty‐four hours after RAI administration, neck pain and swelling (33.3% VS. 11.9%; P = 0.0372) and gastrointestinal discomfort (45.2% vs. 21.4%; P = 0.0373) were significantly more frequent in the high‐dose group.ConclusionHigh‐dose RAI therapy, with higher frequency of short‐term adverse effects, appears to be not superior to low‐dose RAI therapy for cN0 PTC patients with pN1a disease revealed by pCND to achieve better response to therapy. Further randomized studies with larger series of patients and longer follow‐up duration, especially with the low‐dose group, are needed to validate our results.
Uses of archives as creative activity: what does it mean to be creative within the archive and library profession?
Authors: Chow Ann 
Published: January 2019

Archivists and art librarians are well versed in developing activities and projects using archives and library materials in object-based learning activities and engaging artists and creative practitioners with archives and special collections. But what does framing the uses of archives as creative activity really mean for the way in which we work on a practical level? I expand this question from the initial blog post I wrote: Possibilities of archives (storyingthepast.wordpress.com). Can we, like the creative practitioners we engage with, be truly creative – and if so, what could this look like? It is a pertinent question because creativity, in part, enables us to progress and innovate as the archive and library sectors continue to evolve.I take an interdisciplinary approach to developing workshops as demonstrative case studies, with intersections from archival theory, education, and the visual arts; I first outline what creativity could look like when developing Creative Workshops from within an archival context. I also outline and reflect on how being creative can be beneficial to our profession as well as to the wider arts communities who engage with art archives and special collections.
A lung ultrasound score for early triage of elderly patients with acute dyspnea
Authors: Markarian Thibaut , Zieleskiewicz Laurent , Perrin Gilles , Claret Pierre-Géraud , Loundou Anderson , Michelet Pierre , Bobbia Xavier 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesLung ultrasound has value in diagnosing dyspnea. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of a modified lung ultrasound (MLUS) score to predict the severity of acute dyspnea in elderly patients.MethodsThis was an observational single-centre study including patients over age 64 admitted to the emergency department for acute dyspnea with hypoxia. Participants had an early lung ultrasound performed by a dedicated emergency physician, followed by the usual care by a team blinded to the lung ultrasound results. Patients were allocated by disposition to either a critical care (CC) group (patients who needed admission to the intensive care unit [ICU] and/or who died within 48 h) or a standard care group.ResultsAmong 137 patients analysed (mean age 79 ± 13 years, 74 [54%] women), 43 (31%) were categorized into the CC group. The time taken to obtain the MLUS was 30 ± 22 min. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the MLUS for predicting the CC group was 0.97 (0.92–0.99; p < 0.01) with a cut-off set strictly above 17 for 93% sensitivity (81–99), 99% specificity (94–100), a positive predictive value of 98% (87–100), a negative predictive value of 97% (91–99), a positive likelihood ratio of 86, a negative likelihood ratio of 0.07, and a diagnostic accuracy of 97% (93–99). In a multivariate analysis, the MLUS was the only independent associated factor for the CC group.ConclusionAn early lung ultrasound score can predict the need for ICU admission and/or death within 48 hours in elderly dyspneic patients.
Utilization of Spinal Intra-operative Three-dimensional Navigation by Canadian Surgeons and Trainees: A Population-based Time Trend Study
Authors: Guha Daipayan , Moghaddamjou Ali , Jiwani Zaneen H. , Alotaibi Naif M. , Fehlings Michael G. , Mainprize Todd G. , Yee Albert , Yang Victor X.D. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundComputer-assisted navigation (CAN) improves the accuracy of spinal instrumentation in vertebral fractures and degenerative spine disease; however, it is not widely adopted because of lack of training, high capital costs, workflow hindrances, and accuracy concerns. We characterize shifts in the use of spinal CAN over time and across disciplines in a single-payer health system, and assess the impact of intra-operative CAN on trainee proficiency across Canada.MethodsA prospectively maintained Ontario database of patients undergoing spinal instrumentation from 2005 to 2014 was reviewed retrospectively. Data were collected on treated pathology, spine region, surgical approach, institution type, and surgeon specialty. Trainee proficiency with CAN was assessed using an electronic questionnaire distributed across 15 Canadian orthopedic surgical and neurosurgical programs.ResultsIn our provincial cohort, 16.8% of instrumented fusions were CAN-guided. Navigation was used more frequently in academic institutions (15.9% vs. 12.3%, p<0.001) and by neurosurgeons than orthopedic surgeons (21.0% vs. 12.4%, p<0.001). Of residents and fellows 34.1% were fully comfortable using spinal CAN, greater for neurosurgical than orthopedic surgical trainees (48.1% vs. 11.8%, p=0.008). The use of CAN increased self-reported proficiency in thoracic instrumentation for all trainees by 11.0% (p=0.036), and in atlantoaxial instrumentation for orthopedic trainees by 18.0% (p=0.014).ConclusionsSpinal CAN is used most frequently by neurosurgeons and in academic centers. Most spine surgical trainees are not fully comfortable with the use of CAN, but report an increase in technical comfort with CAN guidance particularly for thoracic instrumentation. Increased education in spinal CAN for trainees, particularly at the fellowship stage and, specifically, for orthopedic surgery, may improve adoption.
Development of a nutritional documentation tool: a Delphi study
Authors: Berger Stefanie , Eglseer Doris , Eisenberger Anna , Wirnsberger Gerhard H. , Roller-Wirnsberger Regina E. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn daily clinical practice, the smooth, timely and comprehensive transfer of information between care settings is important and reflects a cornerstone of high-quality patient care. The integration of nutritional information in the medical information transfer is currently not included in an evidence-based approach. It was, therefore, the aim of this study to develop a nutritional documentation tool (NDoc) on the basis of evidence and test it for its usability in daily clinical practice. Based on the results of a literature review, the authors collected core content using a modified Delphi survey from experts across Europe and included the information collected in a structured, NDoc. The subsequently developed tool included thirty items and was tested for its usability on a daily basis among primary care physicians and clinical physicians. The new NDoc can be introduced for use in any computer-based hospital information system regionally and adapted for worldwide use.
Publicity, Civil Liberties, and Political Life in Princely Hyderabad
Authors: MANTENA RAMA SUNDARI 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn the 1930s, there were two glaring questions confronting the princely state of Hyderabad's Administration: the question of sovereignty (or the political future of the Hyderabad) and the problem of civil liberties. This article explores the complex socio-political conditions in the early decades of the twentieth century that gave rise to the formation of dynamic civil-society institutions in the princely state of Hyderabad. In particular, it asks how and why the discourse of civil liberties was taken up by these institutions and assesses the response of the Hyderabad Administration with respect to safeguarding civil liberties for its subjects. What the historical record reveals is that the early decades of the twentieth century in Hyderabad became a battleground between the Hyderabad Administration and the burgeoning public sphere that the Administration could not control nor manage.
Have Synergies Between Nitrogen Deposition and Atmospheric CO2 Driven the Recent Enhancement of the Terrestrial Carbon Sink?
Authors: O'Sullivan Michael , Spracklen Dominick V. , Batterman Sarah A. , Arnold Steve R. , Gloor Manuel , Buermann Wolfgang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe terrestrial carbon sink has increased since the turn of this century at a time of increased fossil fuel burning, yet the mechanisms enhancing this sink are not fully understood. Here we assess the hypothesis that regional increases in nitrogen deposition since the early 2000s has alleviated nitrogen limitation and worked in tandem with enhanced CO2 fertilization to increase ecosystem productivity and carbon sequestration, providing a causal link between the parallel increases in emissions and the global land carbon sink. We use the Community Land Model (CLM4.5‐BGC) to estimate the influence of changes in atmospheric CO2, nitrogen deposition, climate, and their interactions to changes in net primary production and net biome production. We focus on two periods, 1901–2016 and 1990–2016, to estimate changes in land carbon fluxes relative to historical and contemporary baselines, respectively. We find that over the historical period, nitrogen deposition (14%) and carbon‐nitrogen synergy (14%) were significant contributors to the current terrestrial carbon sink, suggesting that long‐term increases in nitrogen deposition led to a substantial increase in CO2 fertilization. However, relative to the contemporary baseline, changes in nitrogen deposition and carbon‐nitrogen synergy had no substantial contribution to the 21st century increase in global carbon uptake. Nonetheless, we find that increased nitrogen deposition in East Asia since the early 1990s contributed 50% to the overall increase in net biome production over this region, highlighting the importance of carbon‐nitrogen interactions. Therefore, potential large‐scale changes in nitrogen deposition could have a significant impact on terrestrial carbon cycling and future climate.
The 12 November 2017 Mw 7.3 Ezgeleh‐Sarpolzahab (Iran) Earthquake and Active Tectonics of the Lurestan Arc
Authors: Nissen Edwin , Ghods Abdolreza , Karasözen Ezgi , Elliott John R. , Barnhart William D. , Bergman Eric A. , Hayes Gavin P. , Jamal‐Reyhani Mohammadreza , Nemati Majid , Tan Fengzhou , Abdulnaby Wathiq , Benz Harley M. , Shahvar Mohammad P. , Talebian Morteza , Chen Ling 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe 12 November 2017 Mw 7.3 Ezgeleh‐Sarpolzahab earthquake is the largest instrumentally recorded earthquake in the Zagros Simply Folded Belt by a factor of ∼10 in seismic moment. Exploiting local, regional, and teleseismic data and synthetic aperture radar interferometry imagery, we characterize the rupture, its aftershock sequence, background seismicity, and regional tectonics. The mainshock ruptured slowly (∼2 km/s), unilaterally southward, for ∼40 km along an oblique (dextral‐thrust) fault that dips ∼14°E beneath the northwestern Lurestan arc. Slip is confined to basement depths of ∼12–18 km, resolvably beneath the sedimentary cover which is ∼8 km thick in this area. The gentle dip angle and basement location allow for a broad slip area, explaining the large magnitude relative to earthquakes in the main Fars arc of the Zagros, where shallower, steeper faults are limited in rupture extent by weak sedimentary layers. Early aftershocks concentrate around the southern and western edges of the mainshock slip area and therefore cluster in the direction of rupture propagation, implying a contribution from dynamic triggering. A cluster of events ∼100 km to the south near Mandali (Iraq) reactivated the ∼50° dipping Zagros Foredeep Fault. The basement fault responsible for the Ezgeleh‐Sarpolzahab earthquake probably accounts for the ∼1 km elevation contrast between the Lurestan arc and the Kirkuk embayment but is distinct from sections of the Mountain Front Fault that define frontal escarpments elsewhere in the Zagros. It may be related to a seismic interface underlying the central and southern Lurestan arc, and a key concern is whether or not the more extensive regional structure is also seismogenic.
Strategies to Improve and Evaluate Physics‐Based Hyperresolution Hydrologic Simulations at Regional Basin Scales
Authors: Ko Ara , Mascaro Giuseppe , Vivoni Enrique R. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe application of physics‐based distributed hydrologic models (DHMs) at hyperresolutions (~100 m) is expected to support several water‐related applications but is still prevented by critical data, model validation, and computational challenges. In this study, we address some of these challenges by applying the TIN‐based Real‐time Integrated Basin Simulator DHM at a nominal resolution of ~88 m in the Río Sonora basin, a regional watershed of ~21,000 km2 in northwest Mexico. First, we generate reliable high‐resolution (1‐km) hydrometeorological forcings by bias correcting reanalysis products with ground observations and applying downscaling routines that use terrain information at high resolution, which is available globally. Second, we develop a strategy to obtain high‐resolution (250‐m) grids of soil parameters by integrating a coarse‐resolution soil map based on the Food and Agriculture Organization classification with recently released high‐resolution global data sets. Third, we apply the model over a decadal period (2004–2013) and use a set of complementary tools, including Taylor diagrams, connectivity analysis, and empirical orthogonal function analysis, to assess its ability to simulate spatial patterns of land surface temperature through comparison with daily remotely sensed products. We find that (i) the hyperresolution‐simulated patterns capture the spatial variability of land surface temperature quite well and (ii) vegetation properties are the major physical factors controlling the discrepancies between simulated and remotely sensed products. The strategies presented here are based on global data sets and robust statistical techniques that can be utilized in different settings with other DHMs, and thus, they provide valuable support for the scientific community focused on hyperresolution hydrologic modeling.
Optimization of Structural Flood Mitigation Strategies
Authors: Tasseff Byron , Bent Russell , Van Hentenryck Pascal 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe dynamics of flooding are primarily influenced by the shape, height, and roughness (friction) of the underlying topography. For this reason, mechanisms to mitigate floods frequently employ structural measures that either modify topographic elevation, for example, through the placement of levees and sandbags, or increase roughness, for example, through revegetation projects. However, the configuration of these measures is typically decided in an ad hoc manner, limiting their overall effectiveness. The advent of high‐performance surface‐water modeling software and improvements in black‐box optimization suggest that a more principled design methodology may be possible. This paper proposes a new computational approach to the problem of designing structural mitigation strategies under physical and budgetary constraints. It presents the development of a problem discretization amenable to simulation‐based, derivative‐free optimization. However, meta‐heuristics alone are found to be insufficient for obtaining quality solutions in a reasonable amount of time. As a result, this paper proposes novel numerical and physics‐based procedures to improve convergence to a high‐quality mitigation. The efficiency of the approach is demonstrated on hypothetical dam break scenarios of varying complexity under various mitigation budget constraints. In particular, experimental results show that, on average, the final proposed algorithm results in a 65% improvement in solution quality compared to a direct implementation.