bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Living Waste and the Labor of Toxic Health on American Factory Farms
Authors: Blanchette Alex 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn the 1930s, erosion caused storms of dust to hurtle across the American Great Plains and Midwest. While agricultural conservation methods helped remediate this landscape, recent studies suggest the region is contending with a new type of particle cloud: desiccated fecal dust that renders the vitalities of factory farms airborne, potentially exposing those in their surrounds to various forms of illness while spreading antibiotic resistance genes. Thinking alongside these findings, and based on research within corporate hog farms, this article develops an ethnography of excrement by tracing the practices and knowledge of people who live and labor in proximity to late industrial lifeforms, such as confined pigs and resistance genes, and who are tasked with intimately shaping this unruly waste that has the potential to affect broader populations. In so doing, it analyzes the maintenance of American animals’ toxic health alongside the politics of labor with complex anthropogenic materials.
The effects of noise levels on nurses in intensive care units
Authors: Terzi Banu , Azizoğlu Fatma , Polat Şehrinaz , Kaya Nurten , İşsever Halim 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundIntensive care units (ICUs) are noisy environments, which may have negative psychological effects on nurses.Aims and objectivesTo investigate the effects of the noise level of ICUs on nurses' burnout, job satisfaction, anxiety, psychological symptoms and general psychopathology level.DesignA descriptive and correlational study.MethodsThe study was conducted with 150 intensive care nurses. A Type 2250‐L Brüel & Kjær hand‐held sound level meter was used for noise measurement. A Nurse Information Form, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, Minnesora Satisfaction Questionnaire, Self‐Report Inventory and Symptom Checklist‐90 Revised were used for data collection.ResultsThe highest levels of noise (71 dB(A) and above) were measured in the neonatal, neurology and cardiovascular surgery ICUs. It was observed that noise level affected extrinsic satisfaction (F = 3·704; p = 0·027) and trait anxiety (F = 3·868; p = 0·023) of nurses.ConclusionsNoise levels in ICUs are well above the recommended levels, and this affects nurses' job satisfaction and anxiety levels.Relevance to clinical practiceMore studies on the effects of noise levels on the physical and mental states of nurses working in ICUs are needed. Increased quality of patient care can be achieved by providing healthy working conditions for nurses working in special units such as ICUs.
Explorations of disgust: A narrative inquiry into the experiences of nurses working in palliative care
Authors: Kaiser Mara , Kohlen Helen , Caine Vera 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWhile feelings of disgust and repulsion are experienced and accepted as part of care practices of nurses who work in palliative care, they are often silenced. Working alongside two palliative care nurses in a hospice setting, we engaged in a narrative inquiry to inquire into their experiences of disgust. The study took place in a palliative care setting in a large urban city in Germany. We understand care practices as actions that follow a logic of care. According to a logic of care, actions are situated within a social context, given by specific relationships including power, and individual needs. Various aspects of disgust are visible in the experiences of the participants and highlighted in the narrative threads of disgust and silence, disgust and protection, and disgust and boundaries. Embedded in the experience of disgust of nurses working in palliative care, we see that there are borderlands of care that challenge who we are and are becoming. Opening discussion about disgust in nursing makes visible the complexity of care.
Conceptualising moral resilience for nursing practice
Authors: Sala Defilippis Tiziana M. L. , Curtis Katherine , Gallagher Ann 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe term ‘moral resilience’ has been gaining momentum in the nursing ethics literature. This may be due to it representing a potential response to moral problems such as moral distress. Moral resilience has been conceptualised as a factor that inhibits immoral actions, as a favourable outcome and as an ability to bounce back after a morally distressing situation. In this article, the philosophical analysis of moral resilience is developed by challenging these conceptualisations and highlighting the risks of such limiting perspectives. It is argued that moral resilience is best understood as a virtue with two associated vices, faintheartedness and rigidity. The intellectual virtue of practical wisdom is required to express resilience as a virtue. This understanding leads to recommendations for professional education, for practice and for further research.
When transfer‐messenger RNA scars reveal its ancient origins
Authors: Guyomar Charlotte , Gillet Reynald 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn bacteria, trans‐translation is the primary quality control mechanism for rescuing ribosomes arrested during translation. This key process is universally conserved and plays a crucial role in the viability and virulence of all bacteria. It is performed by transfer‐messenger RNA (tmRNA) and its protein partner small protein B (SmpB). Here, we show that tmRNA is a key molecule that could have given birth to modern protein synthesis. The traces of an ancient RNA world persist in the structure of modern tmRNA, suggesting its old origins. Therefore, since it has both tRNA and mRNA functions, tmRNA could be the missing link that allowed modern genetic code to be read by the ribosome.
Use of secukinumab in a pediatric patient leads to significant improvement in nail psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Wells Leah Ellis , Evans Tyler , Hilton Rachael , Wine Lee Lara , Ruth Natasha 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMany pediatric psoriasis patients suffer from nail involvement and psoriatic arthritis. In adults, biologic agents have demonstrated success in treating refractory nail psoriasis and arthritis, but studies are limited in children. In this report, we present a pediatric patient with severe, recalcitrant nail and joint psoriasis, successfully treated with secukinumab.
Effects of hypertonic dextrose and paraffin solution as non‐antibiotic treatments of clinical endometritis on reproductive performance of high producing dairy cows
Authors: Ahmadi Mohammad Rahim , Makki Meysam , Mirzaei Abdolah , Gheisari Hamid Reza 
Published: February 2019

ContentsThe objective of this study was to compare the reproductive performance of cows affected by clinical endometritis (CE) following treatment with an intrauterine infusion of 50% dextrose solutions (DEX) and liquid paraffin (LP) as alternative therapies with routine treatments including PGF2αinjection and intrauterine infusion of oxytetracycline (OTC). Moreover, the reproductive indices of cows treated with endometritis were compared with those of healthy ones. At postpartum reproductive tract examination (28–35 DIM) in one Iranian dairy farm, cows with CE without any selection were assigned to four groups: (a) OTC, a common treatment in Iran, was administered (5 g) to 396 cows, (b) PGF2α (PG) was injected to 496 cows, (c) dextrose solution (DEX): intrauterine infusion of 50% dextrose solution (200 ml) was done in 427 cows, and (d) liquid paraffin (LP) was administered (100 ml) to 423 cows via intrauterine route. We further assigned 2,233 clinically healthy cows to the control group. The incidence of endometritis was 41.6% in this study. Based on the results of reproductive indices including median days to first AI, days open (DO), first service conception rate, conception rate in 2nd and 3rd services, conception rate in all three services, pregnancy rate < 100 days and pregnancy rate < 200 days, except for median days to first AI in other reproductive indexes, reproductive performance was significantly lower in LP group compared with the healthy cows and other treatment groups (p < 0.05). Except for the first service conception rate and proportion of cows pregnant before 100 days in milk (DIM), there existed no significant difference between the DEX group and the control as far as reproductive performance is concerned (p ≥ 0.05). The first service conception rate was recognizably lower in DEX group compared with OTC and PG (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the use of a non‐antibiotic special solution of dextrose 50% is a good alternative to antibiotic agents concerning the treatment of CE in dairy cows.
What Do We Know About Annuitization Decisions?
Authors: Alexandrova Maria , Gatzert Nadine 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAgainst the background of aging societies and increasing life expectancies, the protection of individuals from outliving their savings has become increasingly relevant. Annuities represent insurance against longevity risk and can prevent old‐age poverty. The aim of this article is to present the current state of theoretical, empirical and experimental evidence with regard to annuitization decisions. Toward this end, we conduct a systematic literature review that includes 89 articles. Based on this, we study welfare effects of mandatory annuitization, annuitization rates and the optimal fraction of wealth to be annuitized, as well as determinants of retirees’ choice to annuitize and their impact on annuity demand. Finally, we present possible solutions for overcoming the low uptake of annuities based on its causes. One main result is that behavioral biases in annuitization decisions particularly require considerably more theoretical research and empirical evidence, and that theoretical models already appear to well explain empirically observed annuitization rates.
Roxadustat promotes angiogenesis through HIF‐1α/VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling and accelerates cutaneous wound healing in diabetic rats
Authors: Zhu Yu , Wang Yanmao , Jia Yachao , Xu Jia , Chai Yimin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDiabetic foot ulcers are a major health‐care burden worldwide. One primary cause of the delayed wound healing in diabetic patients is impaired function of the hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α/vascular endothelial growth factor (HIF‐1α/VEGF) axis, which results in compromised neovascularization in response to hypoxia. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of roxadustat, a novel HIF prolyl‐4‐hydroxylase inhibitor, on angiogenesis and its therapeutic effect on cutaneous wound healing in diabetic rats. In vitro, we found that roxadustat could promote the angiogenic activity of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, accompanied by up‐regulation of HIF‐1α/VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling. Next, we demonstrated that Ki8751, a VEGFR2‐specific inhibitor, could inhibit the increased angiogenic activity of human umbilical vein endothelial cells induced by roxadustat. In vivo, we performed a Matrigel plug assay and demonstrated that roxadustat induced vascularization of the Matrigel plugs, and this effect could be partially inhibited by Ki8751. Finally, we utilized a streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rat model and found that roxadustat could accelerate cutaneous wound healing and promote angiogenesis in the wound sites. In conclusion, roxadustat promotes angiogenesis via activation of the HIF‐1α/VEGF/VEGFR2 pathway and exhibits therapeutic effects on diabetic wound healing by increasing angiogenesis. Our findings suggest that roxadustat can be a promising strategy to promote diabetic cutaneous wound healing.
Endothelial cell–cardiomyocyte crosstalk in heart development and disease
Authors: Colliva Andrea , Braga Luca , Giacca Mauro , Zacchigna Serena 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe crosstalk between endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes has emerged as a requisite for normal cardiac development, but also a key pathogenic player during the onset and progression of cardiac disease. Endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes are in close proximity and communicate through the secretion of paracrine signals, as well as through direct cell‐to‐cell contact. Here, we provide an overview of the endothelial cell–cardiomyocyte interactions controlling heart development and the main processes affecting the heart in normal and pathological conditions, including ischaemia, remodelling and metabolic dysfunction. We also discuss the possible role of these interactions in cardiac regeneration and encourage the further improvement of in vitro models able to reproduce the complex environment of the cardiac tissue, in order to better define the mechanisms by which endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes interact with a final aim of developing novel therapeutic opportunities.
image
Acute high intensity interval exercise reduces colon cancer cell growth
Authors: Devin James L. , Hill Michelle M. , Mourtzakis Marina , Quadrilatero Joe , Jenkins David G. , Skinner Tina L. 
Published: February 2019

Key points
Physical activity is associated with reduced mortality rates for survivors of colorectal cancer.
Acute high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) reduced colon cancer cell number in vitro and promoted increases in inflammatory cytokines immediately following exercise.
This acute suppression of colon cancer cell number was transient and not observed at 120 minutes post-acute HIIE.
The acute effects of exercise may constitute an important mechanism by which exercise can influence colorectal cancer outcomes.AbstractPhysical activity is associated with significant reductions in colorectal cancer mortality. However, the mechanisms by which exercise mediates this anti‐oncogenic effect are not clear. In the present study, colorectal cancer survivors completed acute (n = 10) or chronic (n = 10) exercise regimes. An acute high intensity interval exercise session (HIIE; 4 × 4 min at 85–95% peak heart rate) was completed with serum samples collected at baseline, as well as 0 and 120 min post‐exercise. For the ‘chronic’ intervention, resting serum was sampled before and after 4 weeks (12 sessions) of HIIE. The effect of serum on colon cancer cell growth was evaluated by incubating cells (CaCo‐2 and LoVo) for up to 72 h and assessing cell number. Serum obtained immediately following HIIE, but not 120 min post‐HIIE, significantly reduced colon cancer cell number. Significant increases in serum interleukin‐6 (P = 0.023), interleukin‐8 (P = 0.036) and tumour necrosis factor‐α (P = 0.003) were found immediately following acute HIIE. At rest, short‐term HIIE training did not promote any changes in cellular growth or cytokine concentrations. The acute effects of HIIE and the cytokine flux may be important mediators of reducing colon cancer cell progression. Repetitive exposure to these acute effects may contribute to the relationship between exercise and improved colorectal cancer survival.
What triggered the early-stage eruption of the Emeishan large igneous province?
Authors: Zhu Bei , Guo Zhaojie , Zhang Shaonan , Ukstins Ingrid , Du Wei , Liu Runchao 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe formation of the Emeishan large igneous province is widely regarded as being related to a mantle plume, but plate tectonics may also have played an important role. We analyzed the regional facies architecture of the early-stage subaqueous volcanic rocks of the central Emeishan large igneous province. The results suggest that these rocks were emplaced in a N-S–striking subaqueous rift, which existed immediately before the onset of volcanism and was persistently maintained during the early eruption stage. By linking this conclusion with the background information indicating that (1) the basaltic geochemistry in this section is indicative of a subcontinental lithospheric mantle source rather than a mantle plume source, and (2) the western Yangtze plate, where the Emeishan large igneous province was developed, was located in the back-arc region of the Permian Paleo-Tethys subduction system, we propose a new view that the early-stage eruptions of the Emeishan large igneous province were triggered by back-arc extension. The dominant functioning of the mantle plume occurred shortly after this process and inherited it, as evidenced by the following: (1) The subaqueous volcanic architecture showing back-arc geochemical affinity is laterally restricted in the presumed rift, but the overlying subaerial lavas showing plume-related geochemical features overwhelmingly flooded the whole province; (2) vertically, the source of the basaltic component in these intrarift sequences underwent a gradual transition from lithospheric origin to mantle plume origin along the stratigraphic order, as evidenced by an intercalated basaltic succession showing mixed geochemical features from the two contextual origins.
Discovery of Middle–Late Devonian and Early Permian magmatic events in East Asia and their implication for the Indosinian orogeny in South China: Insights from the sedimentary record
Authors: Zhang Xinchang , Wang Yuejun , Harris Ron , Yan Yi , Zheng Yi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWhether the driver of the Indosinian orogeny in the South China block was related to the evolution of the Paleotethyan Ocean or the Paleo-Pacific Ocean has been a point of much debate. We applied detrital zircon U-Pb dating to Permian–Triassic sedimentary rocks from South China to trace sediment provenance and to further test these models. Our results, combined with other published data from the Pingxiang, Youjiang, Yong’an, and Yongding Basins, show that 400–350 Ma and 300–260 Ma zircon grains are ubiquitous throughout the entirety of southern South China. This indicates regional magmatic events as potential sources. The discovery of Middle–Late Devonian and Early Permian igneous rocks, tuffs, and volcaniclastic rocks in Southeast Asia and Hainan Island implies the presence of two magmatic events (400–350 Ma and 300–260 Ma) within or beyond the southern margin of South China. This information, together with the mostly negative εHf(t) values of 400–350 Ma and 300–260 Ma zircon grains, arc-like geochemical signatures of the possible source rocks, and the regional geology of East Asia, suggests that they originated from sources related to Paleotethyan and even Proto-Tethyan subduction. Thus, Permian–Triassic sedimentation and the Indosinian orogeny in South China were largely controlled by the evolution of the Tethyan Ocean.
Estimating global trends in total and childhood antibiotic consumption, 2011-2015
Authors: Jackson Charlotte , Hsia Yingfen , Bielicki Julia A , Ellis Sally , Stephens Peter , Wong Ian C K , Sharland Mike 
Published: February 2019

IntroductionUnderstanding patterns of antibiotic consumption is essential to ensure access to appropriate antibiotics when needed and to minimise overuse, which can lead to antibiotic resistance. We aimed to describe changes in global antibiotic consumption between 2011 and 2015.MethodsWe analysed wholesale data on total antibiotic sales and antibiotics sold as child-appropriate formulations (CAFs), stratified by country income level (low/middle-income and high-income countries (LMICs and HICs﻿)). The volume of antibiotics sold per year was recorded for 36 LMICs and 39 HICs, measured in standard units (SU: 1 SU is equivalent to a single tablet, capsule or 5 mL ampoule/vial/oral suspension) and SU per person, overall and as CAFs. Changes over time were quantified as percentage changes and compound annual growth rates in consumption per person. Analyses were conducted separately for total sales, sales of antibiotics in the Access and Watch groups of the WHO’s Essential Medicines List for children 2017, for amoxicillin and amoxicillin with clavulanic acid.ResultsAntibiotic consumption increased slightly between 2011 and 2015, from 6.85×1010SU to 7.44×1010SU overall and from 1.66×1010SU to 1.78×1010SU for CAFs. However, trends differed between countries and for specific antibiotics; for example, consumption of amoxicillin as CAFs changed little in LMICs and HICs, but that of amoxicillin with clavulanic acid increased by 6.8% per year in LMICs and decreased by 1.0% per year in HICs.ConclusionsAs measured in standard units in sales data, the rate of increase in global antibiotic consumption may be slowing. However, the trends appear to differ between countries and drugs. In the absence of routine surveillance of antibiotic use in many countries, these data provide important indicators of trends in consumption which should be confirmed in national and local studies of prescribing.
Addressing cognitive impairment following stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis of non-randomised controlled studies of psychological interventions
Authors: Merriman Niamh A , Sexton Eithne , McCabe Grainne , Walsh Mary E , Rohde Daniela , Gorman Ashleigh , Jeffares Isabelle , Donnelly Nora-Ann , Pender Niall , Williams David J , Horgan Frances , Doyle Frank , Wren Maev-Ann , Bennett Kathleen E , Hickey Anne 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveCognitive impairment is a pervasive outcome of stroke, reported in over half of patients 6 months post-stroke and is associated with increased disability and a poorer quality of life. Despite the prevalence of post-stroke cognitive impairment, the efficacy of existing psychological interventions for the rehabilitation of cognitive impairment following stroke has yet to be established. The aim of this study is to identify psychological interventions from non-randomised studies that intended to improve post-stroke cognitive function and establish their efficacy.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis of non-randomised studies of psychological interventions addressing post-stroke cognitive impairment.Data sourcesElectronic searches were performed in the Pubmed, EMBASE and PsycINFO databases, the search dating from inception to February 2017.Eligibility criteriaAll non-randomised controlled studies and quasi-randomised controlled trials examining psychological interventions to improve cognitive function following stroke were included, such as feasibility studies, pilot studies, experimental studies, and quasi-experimental studies. The primary outcome was cognitive function. The prespecified secondary outcomes were functional abilities in daily life and quality of life.MethodsThe current meta-analyses combined the findings of seven controlled studies, examining the efficacy of psychological interventions compared with treatment-as-usual controls or active controls, and 13 one-group pre–post studies.ResultsResults indicated an overall small effect on cognition across the controlled studies (Hedges' g=0.38, 95% CI=0.06 to 0.7) and a moderate effect on cognition across the one-group pre–post studies (Hedges' g=0.51, 95% CI=0.3 to 0.73). Specific cognitive domains, such as memory and attention also demonstrated a benefit of psychological interventions.ConclusionsThis review provides support for the potential of psychological interventions to improve overall cognitive function post-stroke. Limitations of the study, in terms of risk of bias and quality of included studies, and future research directions are explored.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017069714.