bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Drug–Drug Interaction Profile of Presatovir
Authors: Xin Yan , Weng Winnie , Murray Bernard P. , Eisenberg Eugene J. , Chien Jason W. , Ling John , Silverman Jeffrey A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections in young children. Presatovir (previously GS‐5806) is a novel, orally administered RSV fusion inhibitor with a favorable safety profile and proven antiviral efficacy in preclinical and clinical studies. In vitro, presatovir is a substrate of the efflux transporters P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and hepatic uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B1 and OATP1B3 and is slowly metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 and CYP3A5. This study enrolled 64 healthy subjects to evaluate the effect of cyclosporine, a P‐gp, BCRP, and OATP1B1/1B3 inhibitor; rifampin, a strong CYP3A4 and P‐gp inducer; efavirenz, a moderate CYP3A4 inducer; and cobicistat, a potent CYP3A inhibitor, on presatovir pharmacokinetics. Presatovir plasma exposures (maximum observed plasma concentration [Cmax] and area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time 0 extrapolated to infinity [AUCinf]) were not affected by coadministration of cyclosporine, suggesting presatovir is not a sensitive substrate of P‐gp, BCRP, or OATP1B1/1B3. As expected, based on the role of CYP3A in presatovir metabolism, presatovir exposure was increased by cobicistat (122% in AUCinf), and decreased by rifampin (40.3% in Cmax and 82.5% in AUCinf) and efavirenz (55.7% in AUCinf). These data support coadministration of presatovir with inhibitors of P‐gp, BCRP, OATP1B1/1B3, or CYP3A, but not with moderate or strong CYP3A4 inducers. Presatovir was well‐tolerated with the most common drug‐related adverse events of dizziness (n = 12) and somnolence (n = 4) reported during efavirenz treatment.
Risk factors for failure of early recovery from pancreatoduodenectomy despite the use of enhanced recovery after surgery protocols and a physical aging score to predict postoperative risks
Authors: Kobayashi Shinjiro , Segami Kohei , Hoshino Hiroyuki , Nakahara Kazunari , Katayama Masafumi , Koizumi Satoshi , Otsubo Takehito 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundEnhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols are beneficial for pancreatoduodenectomy (PD). Our aim was to evaluate risk factors associated with ERAS protocol failure after PD.MethodsClinical variables of 187 patients managed using ERAS protocols between April 2011 and April 2017, including non‐early recovery (non‐ER) patients, with complications or requiring a hospital stay ≥15 days, and early recovery (ER) patients, were compared. A physical aging (PA) score was devised to predict postoperative risks.ResultsIndependent risk factors of complications were a pre‐albumin level ≤18 mg/dl (odds ratio (OR) 2.197; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.052–4.622), and an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score ≥II (OR 2.195; 95% CI 1.052–4.746). Independent risk factors for hospital stay ≥15 days (P < 0.001) were age ≥70 years (OR 2.438; 95% CI 1.122–5.299) and an ASA score ≥II (OR 2.348; 95% CI 1.109–4.968). The PA score included age, ASA score, and pre‐albumin level. The complication rate for each PA score was as follows: score “0”, 12.1%; score “1”, 18.2%; score “2”, 26.9%; score “3”, 30.8%; and score “≥4”, 47.2%.ConclusionsAdvanced age, poor nutrition, and serious illnesses can cause ERAS protocol failure. The PA score is effective for predicting postoperative progress.
Suicide in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Li Wei , Abbas Masoom M. , Acharyya Sanchalika , Ng Hwee Lan , Tay Kay Yaw , Au Wing Lok , Tan Louis C. S. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundSuicide is a potentially preventable event. Suicidal ideation is common in Parkinson's disease (PD), but literature on completed suicides is scarce. In this case‐control study, we compared the clinical characteristics of PD subjects who completed suicide (case) with those who died from natural causes (control).MethodsPD patients from the National Neurosciences Institute's movement disorders database from 2002 till 2012 were identified. The database was linked to the Singapore National Registry of Disease Office for mortality information, and suicide deaths were confirmed with the coroner's office. The demographic and clinical variables were compared between the cases and controls and the significant factors were further analyzed using logistic regression analysis.ResultsDuring the study period, 366 deaths were recorded and suicide accounted for 11 deaths. Ten subjects with suicide deaths with complete clinical information were compared with randomly selected 30 PD subjects who had died from natural causes. PD suicide patients were younger (65.9 vs. 74.48 years), had less comorbidities (CWI: 2.6 vs. 4.63), better cognition (MMSE: 25.75 vs. 21.36), lower ‘ON’ UPDRS motor scores (20.83 vs. 41.63), lower H &Y stage (2.16 vs. 3.86), and higher use of Entacapone than the PD non‐suicide group.ConclusionSuicide is potentially preventable tragedy. PD patients with the identified clinical characteristics should be closely monitored for suicide ideations. Motor fluctuation is a treatable factor in such patients and should be aggressively managed.
Relationship between cancer‐related traumatic stress and family milestone achievement in adolescent and young adult survivors of childhood cancer
Authors: Tillery Rachel , Beal Sarah J. , Thompson Aimee N. , Pai Ahna L.H. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractLate physical and emotional effects of cancer treatment pose a burden for adolescent and young adult survivors of childhood cancer, including family milestone achievement. This brief report examined links between ongoing cancer‐related post‐traumatic stress symptoms (CR‐PTSS) and family milestone achievement. Survivors (n = 51; Mage = 24.73, SD = 8.20) completed CR‐PTSS and family formation questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, univariate parameter‐constraints, and correlation analyses examined relations among study variables. Ongoing intrusive thoughts and hyperarousal were negatively linked to family identity development and family achievement. Findings from the present study provide support that ongoing CR‐PTSS may be a barrier to family formation.
Plasma Proteomic Signatures in Early Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Baralla Angela , Fois Alessandro G. , Sotgiu Elisabetta , Zinellu Elisabetta , Mangoni Arduino A. , Sotgia Salvatore , Zinellu Angelo , Pirina Pietro , Carru Ciriaco 
Published: February 2018

PurposeChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by progressive airflow limitation and abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs to inhaled noxious particles or gases. We used a proteomic approach with 2‐DE followed by MALDI TOF‐MS analyses in order to identify potential biomarkers in the early stages of the disease: global initiative for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (GOLD) stage mild and moderate.Experimental designBlood plasma was collected from 43 patients with mild and moderate COPD as well as from 43 age‐ and sex‐matched control subjects. Proteome analysis was based on 2D‐Page followed by MALDI‐TOF MS identifications. Validation was made on two significant proteins by western blotting.ResultsThe analyses revealed 29 between‐group differences in expressed spots, belonging to 20 unique proteins. These proteins are involved in inflammation (haptoglobin, Ig alpha‐1 chain C), blood coagulation and complement pathways (prothrombin, complement 4‐B, ApoH), oxidative stress (ceruloplasmin, vitamin D binding protein, and serotransferrin), and lipoprotein/lipid metabolism (apolipoprotein A‐I, and apolipoprotein E).Conclusion and clinical relevanceThese results indicate that specific proteomic signatures can be detected and useful in terms of treatment selection and in early COPD patient monitoring.
Performance of Preformed Au/Cu Nanoclusters Deposited on MgO Powders in the Catalytic Reduction of 4‐Nitrophenol in Solution
Authors: Cai Rongsheng , Ellis Peter R. , Yin Jinlong , Liu Jian , Brown Christopher M. , Griffin Ross , Chang Guojing , Yang Dongjiang , Ren Jun , Cooke Kevin , Bishop Peter T. , Theis Wolfgang , Palmer Richard E. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe deposition of preformed nanocluster beams onto suitable supports represents a new paradigm for the precise preparation of heterogeneous catalysts. The performance of the new materials must be validated in model catalytic reactions. It is shown that gold/copper (Au/Cu) nanoalloy clusters (nanoparticles) of variable composition, created by sputtering and gas phase condensation before deposition onto magnesium oxide powders, are highly active for the catalytic reduction of 4‐nitrophenol in solution at room temperature. Au/Cu bimetallic clusters offer decreased catalyst cost compared with pure Au and the prospect of beneficial synergistic effects. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy coupled with aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy imaging confirms that the Au/Cu bimetallic clusters have an alloy structure with Au and Cu atoms randomly located. Reaction rate analysis shows that catalysts with approximately equal amounts of Au and Cu are much more active than Au‐rich or Cu‐rich clusters. Thus, the interplay between the Au and Cu atoms at the cluster surface appears to enhance the catalytic activity substantially, consistent with model density functional theory calculations of molecular binding energies. Moreover, the physically deposited clusters with Au/Cu ratio close to 1 show a 25‐fold higher activity than an Au/Cu reference sample made by chemical impregnation.
The Water‐Sensitive City: Implications of an urban water management paradigm and its globalization
Authors: Bichai Françoise , Cabrera Flamini Andres 
Published: February 2018

The urban water management (UWM) community is embracing a paradigm shift to tackle the escalating water stress experienced in several cities globally, as existing challenges are predicted to be exacerbated by climate change and population growth. The term “Water Sensitive City” (WSC) is widely used in literature to describe this new ideal to aim for, where cities will successfully deliver safe and reliable water services to all, now and in the future, in an eco‐friendly manner. This green, long‐term vision implies a large amount of stakeholder coordination and institutional support, as well as participatory community engagement. Examining the foundations and principles of the WSC as well as the experiences in its application, impacts and limitations, particularly in the Global South, provides a space to further contribute to the dynamic field of UWM and governance. This article provides a condensed overview of the WSC approach and related emerging conversations in the urban water sector across a range of disciplines: the objective is to nurture reflection from young professionals entering the field of UWM, but also to offer an opportunity for more experienced scholars and practitioners to take a step back in considering this rising approach from different perspectives.This article is categorized under:

Engineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of Water
Engineering Water > Water, Health, and Sanitation
Engineering Water > Planning Water
Predicting Conversion from Laparoscopic to Open Cholecystectomy: A Single Institution Retrospective Study
Authors: Al Masri Samer , Shaib Yaser , Edelbi Mostapha , Tamim Hani , Jamali Faek , Batley Nicholas , Faraj Walid , Hallal Ali 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the standard surgical treatment for benign gallbladder disease. Nevertheless, conversion to open cholecystectomy (OC) is needed in some cases. The aim of this study is to calculate our institutional conversion rate and to identify the variables that are implicated in increasing the risk of conversion (LC–OC).Materials and methodsWe carried out a retrospective study of all cases of LC performed at the American University of Beirut Medical Center between 2000 and 2015. Each (LC–OC) case was randomly matched to a laparoscopically completed case by the same consultant within the same year of practice, as the LC–OC case, in a 1:5 ratio. Forty‐eight parameters were compared between the two study groups.ResultsForty‐eight out of 4668 LC were converted to OC over the 15‐year study period; the conversion rate in our study was 1.03%. The variables that were found to be most predictive of conversion were male gender, advanced age, prior history of laparotomy, especially in the setting of prior gunshot wound, a history of restrictive or constrictive lung disease and anemia (Hb < 9 g/dl). The most common intraoperative reasons for conversion were perceived difficult anatomy or obscured view secondary to severe adhesions or significant inflammation. Patients who were in the LC–OC arm had a longer length of hospital stay.ConclusionAdvance age, male gender, significant comorbidities and history of prior laparotomies have a high risk of conversion. Patients with these risk factors should be counseled for the possibility of conversion to open surgery preoperatively. Further research is needed to determine whether these high risks patients should be operated on by surgeons with more extensive experience in minimal invasive surgery.
Re‐examination of the elemental composition of some Caryophyllaceae on North American ultramafic soils
Authors: Reeves Roger D. , Kruckeberg Arthur R. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA paper of Kruckeberg et al. (1993) reported the hyperaccumulation of nickel by Arenaria rubella at an ultramafic site at Olivine Bridge in the state of Washington, USA. Several aspects of the publication led the present authors to doubt the reliability of the data, leading to a reinvestigation of the behaviour of this species at this site. Extensive sampling of two species of the Caryophyllaceae, A. rubella and Cerastium arvense, was then carried out at Olivine Bridge in two different years, together with the collection of soil samples. The plant samples were treated in various ways in an attempt to reduce the potential influence of soil contamination. The results of this work indicate that A. rubella and C. arvense both behave in a normal way in respect of their nickel uptake from ultramafic soil. The elements nickel, iron, cobalt, chromium and magnesium have been found at levels only 1/10–1/100 of those reported in the earlier work. The weaknesses in the earlier study have led to a consideration of several aspects of putative nickel hyperaccumulation, especially as applied to species in the Caryophyllaceae. Particularly important are washing procedures, selection of material for analysis, and the use of various criteria for assessing the likelihood of soil contamination of plant samples. A careful re‐examination of several other reported cases of nickel hyperaccumulation by members of the Caryophyllaceae is now recommended.
Magnetism from Fe2O3 nanoparticles embedded in amorphous SiO2 matrix
Authors: Sendil Kumar A. , Bhatnagar Anil K. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Fe2O3 nanoparticles are embedded in amorphous SiO2 matrix by coprecipitation method with varying concentrations. Conditions are optimized to get almost monodispersed Fe2O3 nanoparticles with high chemical stability. Microstructure of synthesized nanoparticles is well characterized and found that Fe2O3 is in nanocrystalline form and embedded uniformly in amorphous SiO2 matrix. Enhanced surface reactivity is found for nanoparticles which influences physical properties of the SiO2 supported Fe2O3 system due to adsorption. In oxide nanoparticles, significant number of defect sites at the surface is expected but when supported medium such as SiO2 it reduces this defect concentration. Field- and temperature-dependent magnetisation studies on these samples show superparamagnetic behaviour. Superparamagnetic behaviour is seen in all the concentration systems but the coercivity observed in the lower concentration systems is found to be anomalous compared to that of higher concentrations. The observed magnetic behaviour comes from either unsaturated bond existing due to the absence of anions at the surface of nanoparticles or reconstruction of atomic orbitals taking place at interface of Fe2O3–SiO2 system.
Resolving conflicts with friends: Adolescents' strategies and reasons behind these strategies
Authors: Tamm Anni , Tulviste Tiia , Urm Ada 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTThe study examined adolescents' strategies for managing hypothetical conflicts with the same‐sex best friend and their reasons behind these strategies. The sample included 905 14‐year‐old Estonian adolescents. The findings indicated that negotiation was the most frequently suggested strategy by adolescents. At the same time, adolescents' strategies and reasons strongly depended on the source of conflict. Coercive strategies and self‐oriented reasons were more common in case of severe conflicts that could damage interpersonal relatedness or pose a threat to the attainment of autonomy. Girls reported having conflicts more frequently and suggested more negotiation than boys in all conflict situations. Sex differences did, however, occur only in adolescents' strategies. Boys' and girls' reasons behind their strategies were similar. Implications will be discussed.
A clinimetric analysis of a BPRS-6 scale for schizophrenia severity
Authors: Bech Per , Austin Stephen F , Timmerby Nina , Ban Thomas A , Møller Stine Bjerrum 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveA restricted Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS-6) with the six schizophrenia specific items from the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) has been investigated. These six items from the PANSS have recently been found to have both clinical validity and ‘unidimensionality’ in measuring the severity of schizophrenic states. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical validity of the BPRS-6. The secondary objective was to evaluate the ‘unidimensionality’ of the BPRS-6 by an ‘item response theory’ model.MethodsThe BPRS-6 was scored independently by two psychiatrists and two psychologists while viewing six open-ended videotaped interviews in patients with a DSM-III diagnosis of schizophrenia. The interviews were conducted by Heinz E. Lehmann, an experienced psychiatrist. They were focused on the psychopathology that contributed most to the ‘severity’ of the patient’s clinical state.ResultsThe BPRS-6 with three positive symptoms (delusions, conceptual disorganisation, hallucinations) and three negative symptoms (blunted affect, emotional withdrawal, poverty of speech) was found to be clinically valid and captured the variables that contribute most to the severity of schizophrenia. The BPRS-6 was also found to have acceptable ‘unidimensionality’ (coefficient of homogeneity 0.45) and inter-rater reliability (inter-class-coefficient 0.81).ConclusionThe BPRS-6 was found to capture the information that translates into the severity of schizophrenia. It has also acceptable psychometric validity.
FRAME-LESS HILBERT C*-MODULES
Authors: ASADI M. B. , FRANK M. , HASSANPOUR-YAKHDANI Z. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe show that if A is a compact C*-algebra without identity that has a faithful *-representation in the C*-algebra of all compact operators on a separable Hilbert space and its multiplier algebra admits a minimal central projection p such that pA is infinite-dimensional, then there exists a Hilbert A1-module admitting no frames, where A1 is the unitization of A. In particular, there exists a frame-less Hilbert C*-module over the C*-algebra $K(\ell^2) \dotplus \mathbb{C}I_{\ell^2}$.
Administrative Justice in Kenya: Learning from South Africa's Mistakes
Authors: Hoexter Cora 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe wording of article 47 of Kenya's Constitution of 2010 is almost identical to that of the section 33 rights to just administrative action in South Africa's 1996 Constitution. Like section 33, article 47 mandates the enactment of legislation to give effect to these constitutional rights, and Kenya's Fair Administrative Action Act 4 of 2015 was strongly influenced by the equivalent South African legislation, the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act 3 of 2000 (PAJA). South Africa can thus be regarded as a sort of laboratory for Kenyan administrative justice. The aim of this article is to highlight some of the South African experience in relation to section 33 and the PAJA in the hope that Kenya will learn from some of South Africa's mistakes. It argues that the Kenyan courts should avoid following the example of their South African counterparts in allowing their mandated legislation to become almost redundant.
Incubation period for outbreak-associated, non-typhoidal salmonellosis cases, Minnesota, 2000–2015
Authors: Eikmeier D. , Medus C. , Smith K. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIncubation period for non-typhoidalSalmonella(NTS) infections is generally reported as 6–72 h despite numerous reports of foodborne NTS outbreaks with median incubation periods >3 days. We summarised 16 years of Minnesota foodborne NTS outbreaks to better estimate the expected range of incubation periods for NTS infections. Of the 1517 NTS outbreak cases, 725 had enough data to calculate a precise incubation period. The median incubation period was 45 h; 77 (11%) cases had incubations ⩽12 h and 211 (29%) cases had incubations >72 h. Incubation period length varied by outbreak vehicle type,Salmonellaserotype and outbreak setting. Based on our data, a more accurate description would be that the incubation of NTS infection is usually from 12 to 96 h, that incubations in >96 to 144 h (>4 to 6-day) range are not unusual and that incubations from 7 to 9 days and occasionally longer also occur.
Validation of the register-based lifetime antimicrobial usage measurement for finisher batches based on comparison with recorded antimicrobial usage at farm level
Authors: Andersen V. D. , Munk P. , de Knegt L. V. , Jensen M. S. , Aarestrup F. M. , Vigre H. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAssessing the relationship between antimicrobial usage (AMU) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) requires the accurate and precise utilisation of register data. Therefore, validation of register-based data is essential for evaluating the quality and, subsequently, the internal validity of studies based on the data.In this study, different smoothing methods for Veterinary Medicine Statistic Program database (VetStat)-records were validated by comparing these with farm-records. Comparison between measurements included accuracy as; completeness and correctness, and precision as; a relative difference of the error, correlation with Fisher's z transformation and reliability coefficient. The most valid methods of those examined were then used in re-analyses of the abundance of AMR genes in 10 finisher batches from a previous study.Improved accuracy was found when detailed smoothing methods were applied. Although the precision also increased, the effect was not as pronounced, as the usage estimate of all smoothing methods deviated moderately compared with the farm-registrations. Applying the most valid methods to the 10 finisher batches increased estimates of statistical model fit for aminoglycosides, lincosamides, tetracyclines and decreased estimates of statistical model fit for macrolides. The estimates of statistical model fit for sulfonamides and broad-spectrum penicillins remained the same.Through refined data transformation, VetStat-records can be used to calculate a daily amount of AMU per pig reflecting the true usage accurately and moderately precisely, which is the foundation for calculating lifetime AMU.