bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sacred groves: a traditional way of conserving plant diversity in West Midnapore District, West Bengal, India
Authors: Sen Uday Kumar 
Published: February 2019

Sacred groves are forest patches conserved by the local people interwined with their socio-cultural and religious practices. An extricable link between the past and present society in terms of religion, socio-culture, heritage and biodiversity exists in the sacred groves. It is distributed globally where ethnic indigenous communities live. Several animals and plants that are threatened in forests are still abundant and well conserved in such sacred groves. The taboos, religious belief and sacredness play a significant role in promoting sustainable utilization and conservation. In this regard, the study of a sacred grove in the district of West Midnapore in West Bengal highlighting the tradition may provide a powerful tool for ensuring biodiversity conservation through community participation.
Medium and large-sized mammals in an Atlantic Forest fragment of Brazil: recording of threatened species
Authors: Alves Vinícius Nunes , Maia Caroline Marques , Alves Telma Regina , Fonseca Renata Cristina Batista 
Published: February 2019

Deforestation and habitat fragmentation affect to a great extent larger wild mammals, which require large areas to establish their populations. These mammals can have important functions in the structure and dynamics of tropical forests, acting as seed dispersers, herbivory regulators, and umbrella species. In the present paper, we characterize the community of medium and large wild mammals in a semi-deciduous seasonal forest fragment, a denominated IB Forest (Institute of Biosciences) in Edgardia Experimental Farm, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil. By adopting sand plots on three trails as the main method, we identified the occurrence of nine species, besides the occurrence of one species by direct visualization. Some of these are in national red lists — Leopardus pardalis and Puma concolor are listed as threatened and Sapajus cf. nigritus as Near Threatened in São Paulo State; Puma concolor is also listed as Vulnerable at the national level. Thus, we emphasize the importance of this forest remnant as a wildlife refuge, which makes it necessary to monitor the occurrence of these animals in the area and conserve similar remnants in the region.
Panisaspis, a new genus of pliomerid trilobites from the Lower Ordovician (Ibexian; Tulean and Blackhillsian) of the Great Basin, western USA
Authors: McADAMS NEO E.B. , ADRAIN JONATHAN M. 
Published: February 2019

Panisaspis n. gen. is a clade of pliomerid trilobites from the Tulean and Blackhillsian stages (Floian) of the Great Basin. It includes Protopliomerops? quattuor Hintze, 1953, and ten new species, six of which are formally named: Panisaspis millardensis (type species), P. sevierensis, P. deltaensis, P. rancherensis, P. topscityensis, and P. loganensis. Four new species are not well enough known for formal naming and are described in open nomenclature. All species are Tulean in age except for P. millardensis, which is earliest Blackhillsian. Synapomorphies of Panisaspis include a short, nearly semicircular anterior border; small L1; large genal spines; a rounded, ovoid hypostomal border; elongated third pygidial spines; and a large, triangular terminal piece with distinct pitted impressions. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that P. millardensis and P. sevierensis are sister taxa, and that P. deltaensis, P. rancherensis, P. topscityensis, P. quattuor, and P. loganensis are successive sister species. The group may be sister to Ibexaspis Přibyl and Vaněk in Přibyl et al., 1985.
2. London-Havana Diary: Art Publishing, Sustainability, Free Speech and Free Papers
Authors: O’Hare Louise 
Published: February 2019

This chapter talks about the role of the ‘art publisher’ as an organisation or individual who attempts to set up spaces for discussion, and about democracy (with a small d) and art publishing – attempting to make sense of the way artists books and publishing circulate, beyond art editions for sale. Sonrisa is a bilingual magazine that aims to set up a dialogue between artists and readerships in Havana and London. The magazine was instigated by the author and a group of curators and artists early last year. Sonrisa – Smile in Spanish – always started as a somewhat absurd proposition – to attempt to set up an art magazine in a context where there is no free press. It might seem curious in a place with constrained web access, but sharing files digitally has become a key way for many Cubans to distribute information among themselves – there was a loosening of restrictions on the sale of computers in 2008, and since then e-books and writing often travel person to person via manual USB stick transfer. The different textures of publication ­– the various forms that Sonrisa magazine will manifest itself – seem also representative, in some ways, of the expanded manner in which we can think about, attempt to define perhaps, publishing, in particular art publishing now. Varied approaches are sometimes used for tactical or strategic reasons – inflected by expediency, but more often focused on what forms of publishing can mean in terms of readership – whether the making of publics benefits by being configured as a shared, communal experience (online or in a physical space), or through an intimate moment alone with paper and print. The intentions of artist Sean Dockray in programming the online library, aaaarg.org, are as relevant to these questions of texture, and what constitutes publishing (or perhaps re-publishing) at present.
Long-Term Trends in Marine Boundary Layer Properties over the Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Díaz Juan P. , Expósito Francisco J. , Pérez Juan C. , González Albano , Wang Yuqing , Haimberger Leopold , Wang Junhong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe marine boundary layer (MBL) is a key component of Earth’s climate system, and its main characteristics (height, entrainment efficiency, energy and mass fluxes, cloud formation processes, etc.) are closely linked to the properties of the inversion layer, which generally determines its height. Furthermore, cloud response to a warmer climate, one of the main sources of uncertainty in future climate projections, is highly dependent on changes in the MBL and in the inversion-layer properties. Long-term trends of the time series of MBL parameters at 32 stations in the Atlantic Ocean have been analyzed using conveniently homogenized radiosonde profiles from 1981 to 2010. In general, decreasing trends are found in the strength and thickness of the inversion layer and in the difference between the precipitable water vapor (PWV) in the free troposphere and the MBL. In contrast, positive trends are found in the height of the bottom of the inversion layer, the lapse rates of virtual and equivalent potential temperatures, the PWV within the boundary layer, and the sea surface temperature (SST). The weakening trend of the inversion layer and the increasing desiccation of the free troposphere relative to the MBL could have important consequences for both the evolution of low cloud cover in a greenhouse-warming climate and the fragile local ecosystems, such as “cloud forests.”
El Niño–Like Physical and Biogeochemical Ocean Response to Tropical Eruptions
Authors: Eddebbar Yassir A. , Rodgers Keith B. , Long Matthew C. , Subramanian Aneesh C. , Xie Shang-Ping , Keeling Ralph F. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe oceanic response to recent tropical eruptions is examined in Large Ensemble (LE) experiments from two fully coupled global climate models, the Community Earth System Model (CESM) and the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Earth System Model (ESM2M), each forced by a distinct volcanic forcing dataset. Following the simulated eruptions of Agung, El Chichón, and Pinatubo, the ocean loses heat and gains oxygen and carbon, in general agreement with available observations. In both models, substantial global surface cooling is accompanied by El Niño–like equatorial Pacific surface warming a year after the volcanic forcing peaks. A mechanistic analysis of the CESM and ESM2M responses to Pinatubo identifies remote wind forcing from the western Pacific as a major driver of this El Niño–like response. Following eruption, faster cooling over the Maritime Continent than adjacent oceans suppresses convection and leads to persistent westerly wind anomalies over the western tropical Pacific. These wind anomalies excite equatorial downwelling Kelvin waves and the upwelling of warm subsurface anomalies in the eastern Pacific, promoting the development of El Niño conditions through Bjerknes feedbacks a year after eruption. This El Niño–like response drives further ocean heat loss through enhanced equatorial cloud albedo, and dominates global carbon uptake as upwelling of carbon-rich waters is suppressed in the tropical Pacific. Oxygen uptake occurs primarily at high latitudes, where surface cooling intensifies the ventilation of subtropical thermocline waters. These volcanically forced ocean responses are large enough to contribute to the observed decadal variability in oceanic heat, carbon, and oxygen.
Modeling the influence of interleaf layers in composite materials on elastic properties, thermal expansion, and chemical shrinkage
Authors: Frerich Tim , Brauner Christian , Jendrny Jörg , Hermann Axel S. 
Published: February 2019

Within this paper, it is shown that the assumption of transversal isotropy usually applied to unidirectional layers is not valid, if interleaf layers are introduced to increase the impact performance of the material. An approach is suggested to consider the meso-structure of composite materials with interleaf layers in the calculation of the elastic properties, the thermal expansion coefficients, and the chemical shrinkage coefficients. The approach uses known rules of mixture in a first step, to determine the properties of the carbon fiber–reinforced polymer layer as well as those of the interleaf layer and combine them in a second step by new meso-scale rules of mixture. The approach is discussed using known material data and shows to provide plausible results. The effects of the material properties influenced by the meso-scale rules of mixture on the process induced distortions are then discussed exemplary considering the thermally induced spring-in. It is shown that the meso-structure has a considerable influence on the process-induced distortions and cannot be neglected in the prediction of it.
MicroRNA-590-5p antagonizes the inhibitory effect of high glucose on osteoblast differentiation by suppressing Smad7 in MC3T3-E1 cells
Authors: Chen Yinan , Sun Changhui , Lu Jiong , Zou Ling , Hu Minwei , Yang Zeyu , Xu Yaozeng 
Published: February 2019

Objective MicroRNA-590-5p (miR-590-5p) has been reported to stimulate osteoblast differentiation; however, its effect in diabetic osteoporosis remains unknown. This study investigated the effect of miR-590-5p on high glucose (HG)-suppressed osteoblast differentiation. Methods The effect of HG on MC3T3-E1 cell survival was assessed using the MTT assay. The expression levels and activities of osteoblastic proteins were evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, and immunoblotting assay. Tumor growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling in MC3T3-E1 cells was assessed using luciferase assay, qRT-PCR, and immunoblotting. Mineralized nodule formation in MC3T3-E1 cells was examined by using the mineralization assay. Results When MC3T3-E1 cells were exposed to HG conditions, there was significant downregulation of miR-590-5p and osteoblastic proteins (e.g., collagen I, Runx2, and ALP); in contrast, Smad7 was upregulated. Furthermore, miR-590-5p targeted Smad7 and inhibited its expression. Additionally, overexpression of miR-590-5p significantly promoted osteoblast growth and differentiation by upregulating TGF-β signaling in HG-treated MC3T3-E1 cells. Conclusions Collectively, the results showed that miR-590-5p was involved in osteogenesis; moreover, miR-590-5p may represent a potential target for the treatment of diabetic osteoporosis.
A Review of Housing and Food Intersections: Implications for Nurses and Nursing Research
Authors: Vold Lindsey , Lynch Meghan , Martin Wanda 
Published: February 2019

Study Background Quality, accessibility, and affordability of housing and food are public health and nursing concerns. Yet, intersections between housing and food security are relatively understudied. Purpose The purpose of this article is to examine the evidence describing the relationship between food security and housing interventions, and second, describing specific opportunities for targeted strategies for nursing practice and research. Methods Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review method was followed to search housing and food security research. A database search identified 46 studies that were mapped onto a social ecological theory to understand the micro, meso, exo, and macro interventions. Results Three major recommendations were identified. Micro-system recommendations include primary care screening for low-income groups. Meso- and exo-system recommendations focus on creating partnerships in research and enhancing social housing. Lastly, macro-system recommendations focus on challenging housing affordability standards. The major gap in the literature is addressing healthy housing. Conclusion Broadening housing interventions to include comprehensive approaches to meeting individuals’ needs offers more than simply packaging two interventions together. There is a significant moment in nursing in which nurses are witness to a paradigmatic shift in the ways to approach housing and food security.
Botulinum Toxins Type A (Bont-A) in the Management of Lower Limb Spasticity in Children: A Systematic Literature Review and Bayesian Network Meta-analysis
Authors: Guyot Patricia , Kalyvas Chrysostomos , Mamane Carole , Danchenko Natalya 
Published: February 2019

Background: Botulinum neurotoxins type A (BoNT-As) are used in pediatric lower limb spasticity, which affects more than 2.5 million children worldwide. Botulinum neurotoxins type-A improve active function and delay musculoskeletal complications. The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of abobotulinumtoxinA versus other botulinum neurotoxins type A in pediatric spasticity, in the absence of head-to-head evidence. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted to identify relevant randomized controlled trials. The evidence base was synthesized with Bayesian network meta-analyses. Outcomes analyzed included Modified Ashworth Scale, Tardieu Scale (TS) spasticity grade, and Goal Attainment Scale (standard mean difference only) at 12 weeks postinjection, and adverse events occurring during study periods. Results: Thirty-eight studies were identified, 10 of which met inclusion criteria for quantitative synthesis. On Modified Ashworth Scale, abobotulinumtoxinA 15 U/kg/leg was significantly more efficacious than onabotulinumtoxinA 4 U/kg/leg (–0.99 [–1.34, –0.64]) and onabotulinumtoxinA 4 U/kg/leg+casting (–0.81 [–1.16, –0.46]) and numerically better than onabotulinumtoxinA 8 U/kg (–0.40 [–0.67, –0.14]). AbobotulinumtoxinA 10 U/kg/leg was significantly more efficacious than onabotulinumtoxinA 4 U/kg/leg (±casting). On Goal Attainment Scale, abobotulinumtoxinA 15 U/kg/leg and 10 U/kg/leg were significantly more efficacious than onabotulinumtoxinA 12 U/kg/leg. On Tardieu Scale spasticity grade, abobotulinumtoxinA was comparable to other treatments. AbobotulinumtoxinA demonstrated adverse event rates comparable to all doses of onabotulinumtoxinA. Conclusions: In pediatric lower limb spasticity, abobotulinumtoxinA offered significant or numerical efficacy advantages on tone (Modified Ashworth Scale) and functional outcomes (Goal Attainment Scale), and comparable efficacy on Tardieu Scale spasticity grade. AbobotulinumtoxinA was comparable to onabotulinumtoxinA on tolerability. Results should be interpreted in the context of heterogeneity and sparsity of the evidence base.
Opioids for Relief of Dyspnea Immediately Before Death in Patients With Noncancer Disease: A Case Series Study
Authors: Murakami Maki 
Published: February 2019

Background: Dyspnea is commonly found in most conditions among patients with progressive noncancer disease. Objective: To clarify the effectiveness and safety of opioid administration for the treatment of dyspnea immediately before death in patients with noncancer disease. Methods: A retrospective case-series study involving 13 consecutive terminally ill patients who were near death and diagnosed with noncancer disease, and had refractory dyspnea and received opioid therapy, was performed. The authors investigated the route of administration, period, dosage of opioids, intensity of dyspnea—scored according to the Japanese version of the Support Team Assessment Schedule—and clinical course from a review of medical records. Results: The mean age of the patients was 86.5 ± 7.6years (range: 72-98years). The primary causes of dyspnea that led to opioid administration were heart failure (n = 10) and respiratory failure (n = 3). Oxycodone was used in one patient who experienced a complication of chronic renal failure; morphine was used in the other 12 patients. The route of opioid administration was continuous infusions in 11 patients, suppository in one, and oral administration in one. The final dose of oral morphine equivalents was 20.1 ± 8.1 mg/d (range: 5-36 mg [median: 18 mg]). All patients improved in symptom score after opioid administration. The score was significantly decreased from 3.2 ± 0.7 at the beginning of opioid administration to 1.2 ± 0.6 at final estimation ( P < .001). No severe adverse events occurred. Conclusions: Low-dose opioid administration in patients with terminally ill noncancer improved dyspnea and occurred no severe adverse events.
The Ethics of Prioritizing Access to Palliative Care: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Philip Jennifer , Russell Bethany , Collins Anna , Brand Caroline , Le Brian , Hudson Peter , Sundararajan Vijaya 
Published: February 2019

Palliative care services are increasingly required to consider issues of resource, management as demand for services increases. The processes of triage have been developed in health care as a means of balancing need and resources in an equitable and reproducible way. Objective: This article sought to explore ethical issues associated with prioritization decisions in palliative care. Methods: As part of a broader series of studies of triage in palliative care, this qualitative substudy was conducted via semi-structured focus groups and individual interviews. Transcripts were subjected to thematic analysis. Setting/Participants: Twenty health professionals working across disciplines (primary, specialist; medicine, nursing, and allied health), service types (inpatient, hospital liaison, and community), and locations (metropolitan and rural) in Victoria, Australia. Results: Four themes emerged from the data: (1) Clinicians understood the tension between maintaining service quality with the delivery of a compromised service that sought to respond to demand. (2) They were aware of the influences of relationships and responsibilities upon patient waiting list prioritization, and (3) reported a hierarchy of suffering with certain types of clinical problems viewed as more urgent than others, for example, pain being more urgent than existential distress. (4) Clinicians noted a lack of transparency around waiting lists as they currently exist. Conclusions: This study revealed key ethical decision-making issues associated with prioritizing access to palliative care services. Making explicit the processes and influences upon decision-making provides greater transparency of health-care utilization at the end of life.
Feasibility of Transosseous Nonarticular Fixation of Lisfranc Injuries
Authors: Jastifer James R. , Christianson Eric R. , VanZweden Daniel J. , Gustafson Peter A. 
Published: February 2019

Background: The optimal techniques for Lisfranc open reduction and internal fixation techniques remain debated. The purpose of the current study was to describe the joints involved in Lisfranc fixation and to determine if nonarticular transosseous internal fixation would be possible. Methods: Twenty cadaver Lisfranc joints were dissected and the articular cartilage was quantified by calibrated digital imaging software. Utilizing CT data, a computational model of the foot was developed and the mean joint surface was mapped and nonarticular screw paths between bones was determined. Results: For the medial-middle cuneiform (C1-C2) connection, 27.3% of the lateral face of C1 and 43.7% of the medial face of C2 was articular cartilage. Three variations of articular morphology were observed on C1 and 2 on C2. From the 3D models, it was determined that a joint-sparing, transosseous screw trajectory was possible between C1 and the second metatarsal and between C1 and C2. These screw paths were large enough to accommodate clinically useful screw diameters (>5 mm). The screw trajectories were roughly perpendicular to the long axis of the foot and take a plantar-medial to dorsal-lateral orientation. Conclusion: The articular surface of the Lisfranc joint was quantified for the first time and may be smaller than some surgeons realize. This study demonstrated the orientation required to minimize articular damage. Clinical Relevance: The clinical significance of the current study was that a nonarticular screw trajectory was possible, and this information may help guide the placement of these screws.
Treatment of posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysms using flow-diverter stents: A single-center experience
Authors: Oğuz Şükrü , Dinc Hasan 
Published: February 2019

Introduction The effectiveness and reliability of flow-diverter stents, which are commonly used in aneurysms of the anterior circulation, have been demonstrated previously. However, the use of these devices is associated with higher rates of perforator and branch ischemia following the treatment of aneurysms of the posterior circulation. Methods This work involved a single-center; retrospective study reviewing eight patients who had aneurysms related to the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) and who were treated with flow-diverter stents from September 2013 to May 2017. Results The mean aneurysm diameter was 7.6 mm (range, 5 to 11 mm). The types of aneurysm included five aneurysms that were saccular, two that were fusiform, and one that was dissecting. All saccular aneurysms in the neck involved the PICA origin, and one dissecting aneurysm was localized in the proximal part of the PICA. Procedural success was 100% (8/8), and there were no ischemic complications. One patient with subarachnoid hemorrhage died because of rebleeding (modified Rankin Scale (mRS), 6). Other than this patient all of the patients’ mRS scores were zero at discharge and at the clinical follow-up period (mean, 2.5 years). All of the aneurysms were completely occluded according to the latest angiographic controls (mean follow-up period of 19.5 months). Conclusions Treatment of PICA aneurysms with flow-diverter stents showed positive results with a high rate of technical success and low complication and mortality rates. The use of flow-diverter stents in the treatment of PICA aneurysms should be considered a safe and effective endovascular treatment option.