bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiative effects of ozone waves on the Northern Hemisphere polar vortex and its modulation by the QBO
Authors: Silverman Vered , Harnik Nili , Matthes Katja , Lubis Sandro W. , Wahl Sebastian 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The radiative effects induced by the zonally asymmetric part of the ozone
field have been shown to significantly change the temperature of the NH
winter polar cap, and correspondingly the strength of the polar vortex. In
this paper, we aim to understand the physical processes behind these effects
using the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)'s Whole Atmosphere
Community Climate Model, run with 1960s ozone-depleting substances and
greenhouse gases. We find a mid-winter polar vortex influence only when
considering the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) phases separately, since
ozone waves affect the vortex in an opposite manner. Specifically, the
emergence of a midlatitude QBO signal is delayed by 1–2 months when
radiative ozone-wave effects are removed. The influence of ozone waves on the
winter polar vortex, via their modulation of shortwave heating, is not
obvious, given that shortwave heating is largest during fall, when planetary
stratospheric waves are weakest. Using a novel diagnostic of wave 1
temperature amplitude tendencies and a synoptic analysis of upward planetary
wave pulses, we are able to show the chain of events that lead from a direct
radiative effect on weak early fall upward-propagating planetary waves to a
winter polar vortex modulation. We show that an important stage of this
amplification is the modulation of individual wave life cycles, which
accumulate during fall and early winter, before being amplified by wave–mean
flow feedbacks. We find that the evolution of these early winter upward
planetary wave pulses and their induced stratospheric zonal mean flow
deceleration is qualitatively different between QBO phases, providing a new
mechanistic view of the extratropical QBO signal. We further show how these
differences result in opposite radiative ozone-wave effects between east and
west QBOs.
Photochemical aging of aerosol particles in different air masses arriving at Baengnyeong Island, Korea
Authors: Kang Eunha , Lee Meehye , Brune William H. , Lee Taehyoung , Park Taehyun , Ahn Joonyoung , Shang Xiaona 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosol particles are a serious health risk, especially in regions like East Asia. We investigated the photochemical aging of ambient aerosols using a potential aerosol mass (PAM) reactor at Baengnyeong Island in the Yellow Sea during 4–12 August 2011. The size distributions and chemical compositions of aerosol particles were measured alternately every 6 min from the ambient air or through the highly oxidizing environment of a potential aerosol mass (PAM) reactor. Particle size and chemical composition were measured by using the combination of a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS). Inside the PAM reactor, O3 and OH levels were equivalent to 4.6 days of integrated OH exposure at typical atmospheric conditions. Two types of air masses were distinguished on the basis of the chemical composition and the degree of aging: air transported from China, which was more aged with a higher sulfate concentration and O  :  C ratio, and the air transported across the Korean Peninsula, which was less aged with more organics than sulfate and a lower O  :  C ratio. For both episodes, the particulate sulfate mass concentration increased in the 200–400 nm size range when sampled through the PAM reactor. A decrease in organics was responsible for the loss of mass concentration in 100–200 nm particles when sampled through the PAM reactor for the organics-dominated episode. This loss was especially evident for the m∕z 43 component, which represents less oxidized organics. The m∕z 44 component, which represents further oxidized organics, increased with a shift toward larger sizes for both episodes. It is not possible to quantify the maximum possible organic mass concentration for either episode because only one OH exposure of 4.6 days was used, but it is clear that SO2 was a primary precursor of secondary aerosol in northeast Asia, especially during long-range transport from China. In addition, inorganic nitrate evaporated in the PAM reactor as sulfate was added to the particles. These results suggest that the chemical composition of aerosols and their degree of photochemical aging, particularly for organics, are also crucial in determining aerosol mass concentrations.
Araucaria growth response to solar and climate variability in South Brazil
Authors: Prestes Alan , Klausner Virginia , Rojahn da Silva Iuri , Ojeda-González Arian , Lorensi Caren 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. In this work, the Sun–Earth–climate relationship is studied using tree growth rings of Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) O. Kuntze collected in the city of Passo Fundo, located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. These samples were previously studied by Rigozo et al. (2008); however, their main interest was to search for the solar periodicities in the tree-ring width mean time series without interpreting the rest of the periodicities found. The question arises as to what are the drivers related to those periodicities. For this reason, the classical method of spectral analysis by iterative regression and wavelet methods are applied to find periodicities and trends present in each tree-ring growth, in Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), and in annual mean temperature anomaly between the 24 and 44∘ S. In order to address the aforementioned question, this paper discusses the correlation between the growth rate of the tree rings with temperature and SOI. In each tree-ring growth series, periods between 2 and 7 years were found, possibly related to the El Niño/La Niña phenomena, and a ∼ 23-year period was found, which may be related to temperature variation. These novel results might represent the tree-ring growth response to local climate conditions during its lifetime, and to nonlinear coupling between the Sun and the local climate variability responsible to the regional climate variations. Keywords. History of geophysics (solar–planetary relationships) – meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (climatology; palaeoclimatology)
Pseudotachylyte as field evidence for lower-crustal earthquakes during the intracontinental Petermann Orogeny (Musgrave Block, Central Australia)
Authors: Hawemann Friedrich , Mancktelow Neil S. , Wex Sebastian , Camacho Alfredo , Pennacchioni Giorgio 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Geophysical evidence for lower continental crustal earthquakes in almost all collisional orogens is in conflict with the widely accepted notion that rocks, under high grade conditions, should flow rather than fracture. Pseudotachylytes are remnants of frictional melts generated during seismic slip and can therefore be used as an indicator of former seismogenic fault zones. The Fregon Subdomain in Central Australia was deformed under dry sub-eclogitic conditions of 600–700 °C and 1.0–1.2 GPa during the intracontinental Petermann Orogeny (ca. 550 Ma) and contains abundant pseudotachylyte. These pseudotachylytes are commonly foliated, recrystallized, and cross-cut by other pseudotachylytes, reflecting repeated generation during ongoing ductile deformation. This interplay is interpreted as evidence for repeated seismic brittle failure and post- to inter-seismic creep under dry lower-crustal conditions. Thermodynamic modelling of the pseudotachylyte bulk composition gives the same PT conditions of shearing as in surrounding mylonites. We conclude that pseudotachylytes in the Fregon Subdomain are a direct analogue of current seismicity in dry lower continental crust.
The application of quality improvement methodologies in surgery
Authors: Fong Stephanie 
Published: May 2018

Quality improvement (QI) practices were originally developed in the manufacturing industry to reduce unnecessary steps in a process, minimize error, and provide maximum benefit to the consumer. QI is defined as a formal approach to the analysis of performance and systemic efforts to improve it. QI methodologies have been adopted by industries outside manufacturing, including healthcare. In the healthcare environment, performance consists of many factors including patient safety, clinical results, and system efficiency. Given the publicly funded, limited resource environment in which the Canadian healthcare system operates, the practice of delivering safe, quality healthcare in an efficient and cost-effective manner is an important factor in promoting the economic viability and sustainability of the system. Surgical practice has been identified as an area in which QI methodologies can be applied, given its resource intensive nature and highly regulated environment. Current research supports the use of QI in surgery, with interventions showing improvements in non-operativetime, on-time starts, and operating room patient volume. Limitations to the application of QI include the heterogeneity of interventions and variability in terms of procedures and patient factors. Further high-quality studies are required to support evidence-based applications of QI in the surgical setting as well as the greater healthcare environment.
Understanding therapies selected for managing pain associated with spinal cord injuries
Authors: Surmanski Aneta A 
Published: May 2018

Pain is a common consequence in patients who are suffering from a spinal cord injury (SCI). Such pain affects nearly all aspects of life including mood, physical function, and social activities. Management of pain must be preceded with a thorough clinical examination which characterizes pain according to a classification scheme. The International Spinal Cord Injury Pain classification system divides pain into three tiers: according to type (nociceptive or neuropathic), according to subtype (localization of pain), and according to the source. Neuropathic pain is predominately treated with three different types of pharmaceutical therapies – antidepressants, anticonvulsants, and analgesics. Multiple studies have shown amitriptyline, gabapentin, and pregabalin as being the most efficacious. Nociceptive pain is mainly treated with analgesics and physiotherapy, often together. Moreover, spasticity associated with nociceptive pain is treated with antispasmodics and physiotherapy. Non-traditional means of therapy, specifically transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, have demonstrated a favourable effect on pain. Nevertheless, finding an optimal treatment remains difficult and largely empirical. A stronger understanding of the mechanisms behind each pain type is needed in order to provide therapies that are better suited at targeting the source of the pain while minimizing possible side effects often seen in the SCI population. An integrated approach that ine tunes the combination of pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapies is needed for optimal management in SCI pain.
Staphylococcus aureus is the most common bacterial agent of the skin flora of patients with seborrheic dermatitis
Authors: Tamer Funda , Yuksel Mehmet Eren , Sarifakioglu Evren , Karabag Yavuz 
Published: May 2018

Background: Seborrheic dermatitis is an inflammatory skin disease that affects 1–3% of the general population. The Malassezia species has been implicated as the main causative agent; however, the bacterial flora of the skin may also play role in the etiopathogenesis. Therefore, we investigated the most common bacterial agent of the skin flora of patients with seborrheic dermatitis.
Materials and Methods: Fifty-one patients with seborrheic dermatitis and 50 healthy individuals are included in this study. Sterile cotton swabs were rubbed on the scalp of the participants for bacterial culture. Colonial morphology was identified with gram stain and catalase test.
Results: Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 25 (49%) patients with seborrheic dermatitis and 10 (20%) healthy individuals within the control group. Coagulase-negative staphylococci were isolated from 24 (47.1%) patients with seborrheic dermatitis and 17 (34%) healthy individuals within the control group. Diphtheroids were present in 2 (3.9%) patients and 1 (2%) subject within the control group. Gram-negative bacilli were present only in 1 (2%) patient. Hemolytic streptococci and bacilli were identified in 1 (2%) subject from each group. Colonization of coagulase-negative staphylococci, diphtheroids, gram-negative bacilli, hemolytic streptococci, and bacillus did not differ between patients and healthy controls. However, S. aureus colonization was significantly more common in patients with seborrheic dermatitis than in healthy controls.
Conclusion: Within this study we revealed that S. aureus colonization was significantly higher among the patients. Therefore, we propose that, in addition to the Malassezia species, S. aureus may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of seborrheic dermatitis.
La constitucionalización del Gobierno Judicial: cuarenta años de Consejo General del Poder Judicial, régimen actual y cuestiones pendientes
Authors: Rosado Iglesias Gema 
Published: May 2018

Resumen:La Constitución española de 1978 consagró el Consejo General del Poder Judicial, como órgano de gobierno del Poder Judicial. Desde su creación en 1980, este órgano ha estado sometido a constantes reformas, en un proceso de continuas modificaciones que han derivado en un órgano que no parece haber encontrado su lugar en el sistema institucional, y no ha podido consolidarse. La última reforma más importante, la Ley Orgánica 4/2013, de reforma del CGPJ, ha introducido una nueva reformulación del modo de elección, la estructura y las funciones del CGPJ. El presente trabajo expone la evolución y los cambios habidos en el Consejo en estos cuarenta años de vigencia constitucional, y analiza el régimen establecido por la reforma de 2013, la nueva posición del Consejo y de sus órganos de funcionamiento, la dudas sobre el funcionamiento que plantea y las cuestiones que aún siguen abiertas.Abstract:The Spanish Constitution of 1978 established the General Council of the Judiciary, as an organ for the Judiciary government. Since of its creaction on 1980,this organ has been objet of a constant process of reforming that shows how the Conuncil hasn’t achieved to find its place in institutional system and how this organ couldn’t consolidate itself under a stable model. The last most important reform, the Organic Law 4/2013, reforming the CGPJ, has introduced in a reformulation of the structure and functions of the Council, and a new way of election of its members, thus constituting. This paper presents the evolution and the changes about of Council in forty years of constitutional vigence and analyzes the reform, the new position and place of Council and its organs, the doubts on the functioning of the Council, and the questions that today remain open. Summary:I. The reception of the Judiciary government in the Spanish Constitution: forty years about the General Council of the Judiciary.II. Regulation present and open questions. 1. About the Organic Law 4/2013, for reforming the CGPJ. 2. Elections system, status of its members and restaffinf of the organ.3. Organic Structure of the General Council of the Judiciary and questions about the functioning of its organs.4. Powers of the General Council of the Judiciary. 5. Relationship between the General Council of the Judiciary and the Spanish Parlament: the Appearance of the President anf the members of Council before the House of Representatives.III. Ultimate considerations.
La deseable composición paritaria del Tribunal Constitucional: una propuesta de reforma constitucional
Authors: Salazar Benítez Octavio 
Published: May 2018

Resumen:La progresiva pérdida de prestigio y autoridad del Tribunal Constitucional es consecuencia, entre otros motivos, de un proceso de nombramiento y selecciónde sus magistrados ciertamente discutibles. Si bien los principales remedios a dicha situación deban venir más de la cultura política que de la ingeniería jurídica, también es cierto que determinadas carencias reclaman simplemente el efectivo cumplimiento de los mandatos legales. Así sucede con el mandato de equilibrio de sexos que la LO 3/2007 dispone para los poderes públicos y que el TC no ha teniendo en cuenta en ninguna de sus renovaciones. Un mandato que deriva a su vez de la necesidad de interpretar nuestro sistema constitucional en términos de democracia paritaria.Abstract:The progressive loss of prestige and authority of the Constitutional Court is a consequence, among other reasons, of a certainly debatable process of appointment and selection of its judges. Although the main remedies to this situation must come more from the political culture than from legal engineering, it is also true that certain deficiencies simply demand the effective compliance with legal mandates. This is the case with the mandate of «gender balance» that the LO 3/2007 provides for the public authorities and that the Constitutional Court has not taken into account in any of its renewals. A mandate that derives from the need to interpret our constitutional system in terms of parity democracy.Summary:1. Introduction: Legal Engineering vs. Political Culture. 2. The appointment of men and women judges. 3. The composition of the Constitutional Court from the point of view of Gender. 4. Conclusions and Proposals.
Herméneutique processuelle d’Éz 16
Authors: Perreault Pierre 
Published: May 2018

Serait-il pertinent dans une recherche de sens qui caractérise une démarche de foi, d’utiliser des outils herméneutiques ouvrant les Écritures sur d’autres avenues que celles que la tradition chrétienne propose aujourd’hui ? En appliquant une approche processuelle au chapitre 16 du livre d’Ézéchiel, l’analyse débouche sur des propositions théologiques originales, redéfinissant notamment la Toute-Puissance divine comme une ténacité qui cherche à convaincre, et inscrivant le pardon divin au creux de la liberté et de la responsabilité humaines.
Animalité et brutales férocités humaines
Authors: Allard Maxime 
Published: May 2018

Cet article tente de reconstituer une notion de l’animalité au coeur des dynamiques de l’action humaine à partir de textes de Thomas d’Aquin, en insistant surtout sur des passages peu travaillés de la Summa theologiae, concernant la cruauté. En effet, il y existe une différence profonde entre l’animalité brute et la « brutalité » des animaux. Cette différence permet de comprendre que certains gestes, certaines dispositions humaines déclassent les humains et les dégradent bien en deçà de l’animalité brute des animaux. Nous démontrons que Thomas d’Aquin développe, parfois de manière quasi phénoménologique, un film de la vie humaine où l’animalité n’est pas quelque chose à contrôler ou une couche inférieure de la vie humaine à oublier ou à dépasser. Là, la complexité de la temporalité de l’agir humain, réfléchie dynamiquement à partir de l’inclination vers le bonheur et la jouissance, donne lieu à des développements qui étonnent par leur modernité.
Usages du quantitatif en méthodologie de la théorisation enracinée (MTE)
Authors: Derbas Thibodeau François Raouf 
Published: May 2018

La méthodologie de la théorisation enracinée (MTE) (Glaser & Strauss, 1967) est aujourd’hui reconnue comme une méthode inductive robuste et principalement qualitative (Corbin & Strauss, 2008; Luckerhoff & Guillemette, 2012c). En dépit de leur potentiel identifié par Glaser dès 1967, les usages du quantitatif en MTE demeurent peu répandus. Une recension des écrits nous a permis de dresser un état des lieux à cet égard. Notre recherche a été réalisée dans une approche inductive où les écrits ont constitué les données à analyser dans la perspective proposée par Tourigny Koné (2014). Nous présentons en ce sens les écrits de Glaser à ce propos, les critiques puis les appuis formulés à l’endroit de son projet de MTE quantitative, ainsi que l’analyse de 16 études qui mettent à l’oeuvre un volet quantitatif en MTE. Dans ces exemples, l’observation de la prescription centrale de Glaser de s’affranchir des réflexes et préoccupations du déductif reste mitigée. En effet, plusieurs tendent à s’éloigner des principes fondamentaux de la MTE.
La création de soi par soi dans la recherche-création : comment la réflexivité augmente la conscience et l’expérience de soi
Authors: Boutet Danielle 
Published: May 2018

Cet article s’intéresse à l’aspect autoformateur de la recherche-création, c’est-à-dire comment une étude de sa poïétique se répercute sur l’être même de l’artiste. L’auteure discute de l’effet instauratif (Souriau) de la recherche-création, particulièrement la recherche-création réflexive, « en première personne », conduite par l’artiste lui-même sur ses propres agirs créateurs. Si l’on a souvent noté cet effet autocréateur de la création comme telle, on a moins regardé comment la recherche-création s’inscrit dans le même mouvement. Une définition de la recherche-création est apportée et l’on nomme les principaux aspects épistémologiques et méthodologiques qui entrent en jeu, en soulignant les paradigmes nouveaux qui sont convoqués. On trouvera aussi une explication du pouvoir qu’a ce type de recherche d’agrandir l’être et la conscience. Finalement, une section porte sur la fécondité épistémique de la recherche-création, qui a le potentiel d’éclairer des dimensions intimes ou invisibles de soi, de l’humain et du monde.
Development of a site fidelity index based on population capture-recapture data
Authors: Tschopp Ayelen , Ferrari Mariano A. , Crespo Enrique A. , Coscarella Mariano A. 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundSite fidelity is considered as an animal’s tendency to return to a previously occupied place; this is a component of animal behaviour that allows us to understand movement patterns and aspects related to the animal’s life history. Although there are many site fidelity metrics, the lack of standardisation presents a considerable challenge in terms of comparability among studies.MethodsThis investigation focused on the theoretical development of a standardised composite site fidelity index and its statistical distribution in order to obtain reliable population-level site fidelity comparisons. The arithmetic and harmonic means were used as mathematical structures in order to create different indexes by combining the most commonly used indicators for site fidelity such as Occurrence, Permanence and Periodicity. The index performance was then evaluated in simulated populations and one real population of Commerson’s dolphins (Cephalorhynchus commersonii(Lacépède 1804)). In the first case, the indexes were evaluated based on how they were affected by different probability values such as the occurrence of the individual within the study area (φ) and capture probability (p). As a precision measure for the comparison of the indexes, the Wald confidence interval (CI) and the mean square error were applied. Given that there was no previous data concerning the distribution parameters of this population, bootstrap CIs were applied for the study case.ResultsEight alternative indexes were developed. The indexes with an arithmetic mean structure, in general, had a consistently inferior performance than those with a harmonic mean structure. The index IH4, in particular, achieved the best results in all of the scenarios and in the study case. Additionally, this index presented a normal distribution. As such, it was proposed as a standardised measure for site fidelity (Standardised Site Fidelity Index—SSFI).DiscussionThe SSFI is the first standardised metric that quantifies site fidelity at a populational level. It is an estimator that varies between zero and one and works in situations where detection is not perfect and effort can be constant or not. Moreover, it has an associated CI that allows users to make comparisons.