bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ocena współczesnej kultury Zachodu w nauczaniu Benedykta XVI (Josepha Ratzingera)
Authors: Kozerska Ewa , Scheffler Tomasz 
Published: March 2018

The Assessment of the Contemporary Western Culture in the Teaching of Benedict XVI (Joseph Ratzinger)
The article consists of two parts. In the first one, the authors pointed out an argument in the social sciences concerning ability to reasonably use the „culture” concept in scientific discourse. In the second one, they analyzed opinions Benedict XVI ( Joseph Ratzinger) expressed about present condition of the Western culture. Views of this figure were selected to study due to recognizing significant influential role the Pope plays in the public sphere. In the opinion of Benedict XVI, today there are two cultures of the West that coexist: rational Christian culture and Enlightenment (neo‑Enlightenment) culture. There is a deep contradiction between them due to acknowledgment or rejection of God as Logos, hence as the source of human intellect and rules shaping interpersonal behaviour. The fundamental danger connected with domination of Enlightenment attitude Benedict XVI sees in relativism and glorification of total freedom which in the Pope’s opinion ultimately leads to treating man solely as an object. In Ratzinger’s opinion, Christian and Enlightenment cultures are in conflict, with the latter playing the role of aggressor from the beginning. However, Benedict XVI hopes that the argument can be appeased by agreement on a set of basic values which, irrespective of attitude towards Logos, could be acknowledged as fundamental for existence of modern civilization. The ground for the agreement should be the acknowledgement of theinviolability of human dignity.
Green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles using Platanus orientalis leaf extract for antifungal activity
Authors: Devi Henam Sylvia , Boda Muzaffar Ahmad , Shah Mohammad Ashraf , Parveen Shazia , Wani Abdul Hamid 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
In this report, aqueous phase green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticle utilizing Platanus orientalis is elucidated for the first time. The phytoconstituents of the P. orientalis leaf extract serve a dual role as reducing and capping agent during the fabrication of iron oxide nanoparticles. The role of the leaf extract in the synthesis of iron oxide has been briefly demonstrated in this work. The tailored iron oxide particles were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering technique. Nonetheless, X-ray diffraction pattern reveals the mixed phase nature of the ensuing iron oxide, i.e. α-Fe2O3 and γ-Fe2O3. The spherical oxide particles have an average diameter of 38 nm as determined from transmission electron microscopy. Infrared spectroscopy results confirmed the stabilization of iron oxide nanoparticles by the phytochemicals present in the leaf extract. Iron oxide nanoparticles show significant antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger and Mucor piriformis, employed as model fungi, but found to be more active toward M. piriformis.
Formation Mechanism of Voids around Hard Inclusion during Hot Rolling Processes
Authors: Cheng Rong , Zhang Jiongming , Wang Bo 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
To investigate the mechanism by which voids form around hard inclusions, the deformations of a plastic slab with hard and soft inclusions that form inside it during the hot rolling process have been simulated with a finite element method. By comparing plastic strain distributions, the relative displacements of contact surfaces, and the deformations between hard and soft inclusions have preceded analysis of the formation mechanism of these voids. The variations of strain measurements between the matrix and hard inclusions cause relative displacement of their contact surfaces. Therefore, voids occur at the front and rear of the hard inclusions. Trials on the slab deformations using a titanium ball instead of the soft inclusion inside the slab during the hot rolling process are conducted. The simulated shapes of the soft inclusions with different reductions mostly agree with the experimental results.
Sasanian Amulet Practices and their Survival in Islamic Iran and Beyond
Authors: Kiyanrad Sarah 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:
As an element of material culture and popular belief, amulets reflect the religious and cultural identity of their producers and/or wearers. However, they may also testify to centuries-old iconographical (and textual) traditions. To remain effective and to meet the prevailing religious concepts of the time, those ancient amuletic iconographies and textual elements needed to be reinterpreted. This article takes a look into continuities between Sasanian and Islamic amulet culture in Iran, focusing on the technique of binding and sealing forces referred to on many Late Antique and Islamic amulets.
Truth and Politics in Late Medieval Arabic Historiography: the Formation of Sultan Barsbāy’s State (1422‒1438) and the Narratives of the Amir Qurqumās al-Shaʿbānī (d. 1438)
Authors: Steenbergen Jo Van , Nieuwenhuyse Stijn Van 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:
Throughout al-Ashraf Barsbāy’s reign as sultan of Mamluk Egypt and Syria (1422‒1438), one of the main performers and representatives of his expanding authority and power was the amir Qurqumās al-Shaʿbānī (d. 1438). Defeated in the power struggle that followed sultan Barsbāy’s death, Qurqumās’ career ended dramatically in his execution by order of the new sultan, al-Ẓāhir Jaqmaq (r. 1438‒1453). Whereas this amir’s rich case received substantial attention from the era’s leading Egyptian historiographers, it has so far hardly attracted any interest in modern scholarship. This article aims to remedy this, but not simply in order to pursue some detailed reconstruction of Qurqumās’ life story. It rather wishes to explore this story as a case study towards a better understanding of how extant historiographical narratives that mattered so much to Qurqumās’ contemporaries may be read in analytically more meaningful ways than traditional approaches have so far allowed for. The article therefore proposes and explores a two-tiered ‒ social and cultural ‒ method of reading contemporary historical texts as politically engaged narrative claims to historical truth. It is demonstrated how across a diverse set of narrative texts the high-profile career of the amir Qurqumās al-Shaʿbānī appears as functionally constructed around the messy relational realities of the administration of sultan Barsbāy’s justice and the performance of his warfare in Egypt, Syria, the Ḥijāz and Eastern Anatolia. It is furthermore argued that in the historiographical record of these messy realities Qurqumās’ career is made to appear through the semantics of justice and sovereignty as an agent of the legitimate and truthful political order of the formation of sultan Barsbāy’s state, but only for as long as that state existed.
Disorders of sex development: timing of diagnosis and management in a single large tertiary center
Authors: Kohva E , Miettinen P J , Taskinen S , Hero M , Tarkkanen A , Raivio T 
Published: March 2018

Background
We describe the phenotypic spectrum and timing of diagnosis and management in a large series of patients with disorders of sexual development (DSD) treated in a single pediatric tertiary center.

Methods
DSD patients who had visited our tertiary center during the survey period (between 2004 and 2014) were identified based on an ICD-10 inquiry, and their phenotypic and molecular genetic findings were recorded from patient charts.

Results
Among the 550 DSD patients, 53.3% had 46,XY DSD; 37.1% had sex chromosome DSD and 9.6% had 46,XX DSD. The most common diagnoses were Turner syndrome (19.8%, diagnosed at the mean age of 4.7 ± 5.5 years), Klinefelter syndrome (14.5%, 6.8 ± 6.2 years) and bilateral cryptorchidism (23.1%). Very few patients with 46,XY DSD (7%) or 46,XX DSD (21%) had molecular genetic diagnosis. The yearly rate of DSD diagnoses remained stable over the survey period. After the release of the Nordic consensus on the management of undescended testes, the age at surgery for bilateral cryptorchidism declined significantly (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Our results show that (i) Turner syndrome and Klinefelter syndrome, the most frequent single DSD diagnoses, are still diagnosed relatively late; (ii) a temporal shift was observed in the management of bilateral cryptorchidism, which may favorably influence patients’ adulthood semen quality and (iii) next-generation sequencing methods are not fully employed in the diagnostics of DSD patients.
Sports Sponsorships of Food and Nonalcoholic Beverages
Authors: Bragg Marie A. , Miller Alysa N. , Roberto Christina A. , Sam Rachel , Sarda Vishnudas , Harris Jennifer L. , Brownell Kelly D. 
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND:
Food and nonalcoholic beverage companies spend millions of dollars on professional sports sponsorships, yet this form of marketing is understudied. These sponsorships are valuable marketing tools but prompt concerns when unhealthy products are associated with popular sports organizations, especially those viewed by youth.

METHODS:
This descriptive study used Nielsen audience data to select 10 sports organizations with the most 2–17 year old viewers of 2015 televised events. Sponsors of these organizations were identified and assigned to product categories. We identified advertisements promoting food and/or nonalcoholic beverage sponsorships on television, YouTube, and sports organization Web sites from 2006 to 2016, and the number of YouTube advertisement views. The nutritional quality of advertised products was assessed.

RESULTS:
Youth watched telecasts associated with these sports organizations over 412 million times. These organizations had 44 food and/or nonalcoholic beverage sponsors (18.8% of sponsors), second to automotive sponsors (n = 46). The National Football League had the most food and/or nonalcoholic beverage sponsors (n = 10), followed by the National Hockey League (n = 7) and Little League (n = 7). We identified 273 advertisements that featured food and/or nonalcoholic beverage products 328 times and product logos 83 times (some advertisements showed multiple products). Seventy-six percent (n = 132) of foods had unhealthy nutrition scores, and 52.4% (n = 111) of nonalcoholic beverages were sugar-sweetened. YouTube sponsorship advertisements totaled 195.6 million views.

CONCLUSIONS:
Sports sponsorships are commonly used to market unhealthy food and nonalcoholic beverages, exposing millions of consumers to these advertisements.
Temporal ranges and ancestry in the hominin fossil record: The case of Australopithecus sediba
Authors: Robinson Chris , Campbell Timothy L. , Cote Susanne , De Ruiter Darryl J. 
Published: March 2018

In attempting to resolve the phylogenetic relationships of fossil taxa, researchers can use evidence from two sources – morphology and known temporal ranges. For most taxa, the available evidence is stronger for one of these data sources. We examined the limitations of temporal data for reconstructing hominin evolutionary relationships, specifically focusing on the hypothesised ancestor–descendant relationship between Australopithecus sediba and the genus Homo. Some have implied that because the only known specimens of A. sediba are dated to later than the earliest fossils attributed to Homo, the former species is precluded from being ancestral to the latter. However, A. sediba is currently known from one site dated to 1.98 Ma and, thus, its actual temporal range is unknown. Using data from the currently known temporal ranges of fossil hominin species, and incorporating dating error in the analysis, we estimate that the average hominin species’ temporal range is ~0.97 Myr, which is lower than most figures suggested for mammalian species generally. Using this conservative figure in a thought experiment in which the Malapa specimens are hypothesised to represent the last appearance date, the middle of the temporal range, and first appearance date for the species, the first appearance date of A. sediba would be 2.95, 2.47 and 1.98 Ma, respectively. As these scenarios are all equally plausible, and 2.95 Ma predates the earliest specimens that some have attributed to Homo, we cannot refute the hypothesis that the species A. sediba is ancestral to our genus based solely on currently available temporal data.
Significance:

We correct a common misconception in palaeoanthropology that a species currently known only from later in time than another species cannot be ancestral to it.
On temporal grounds alone one cannot dismiss the possibility that A. sediba could be ancestral to the genus Homo.
AVALIAÇÃO DOS NÍVEIS DE VIBRAÇÃO TRANSMITIDOS AO CORPO HUMANO POR UM TRATOR AGRÍCOLA
Authors: Felix Roger Oliva , Schutzer Victor Manieri , Santos João Eduardo Guarnetti dos 
Published: March 2018

O estudo teve como objetivo analisar os níveis de vibração transmitidos ao corpo humano por um trator agrícola, buscando adequar-se aos aspectos ergonômicos. Para realização dessa análise foi necessário um instrumento de medição (acelerômetro), que realiza a aquisição de dados mostrando a aceleração resultante no assento do operador. Os resultados obtidos mostraram situações em que os níveis de vibração estão além do recomendado, possibilitando, dessa forma, uma oportunidade de melhoria referente aos níveis de vibração, com o intuito de isolar os níveis de vibração transmitidos ao operador e de adequar ou aproximar os níveis de vibração satisfatórios, conforme a norma descritiva sobre vibrações de corpo inteiro.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: ergonomia de produto, tratores agrícolas, análise experimental em máquinas agrícolas. EVALUATION OF VIBRATION LEVELS TRANSMITTED BY AN AGRICULTURAL TRACTOR TO HUMAN BODYABSTRACT: The study objective to analyze the levels of vibration transmitted to the human body by an agricultural tractor, seeking to adapt to the ergonomic aspects. For It was necessary an instrument of measuring that performs the seat acceleration data collection. The obtained results showed situations in which the levels of vibration are above of the recommended. Thus, there is an opportunity of improvement, as to isolate the levels of vibration transmitted to the operator, as to adapt the levels of satisfactory vibration according to the standard of whole body vibrations.KEYWORDS: ergonomics of product, agricultural tractors, experimental analysis in agricultural machinery
ANÁLISE GEOESTATÍSTICA DA EMISSÃO DE CO2 E MACROPOROSIDADE DE UM LATOSSOLO VERMELHO EUTROFÉRRICO SOB CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR
Authors: Moraes Tavares Rose Luiza , Costa Campos Milton César , Menezes de Souza Zigomar , La Scala Newton 
Published: March 2018

O estudo da emissão de CO2 do solo em sistemas de manejo de cana-de-açúcar é um importante indicativo da qualidade do solo e um enfoque que pode elucidar a alguns questionamentos sobre a eficiência da conversão do sistema de cana queimada em cana crua. Baseado nisso, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a variabilidade espacial da emissão de CO2 e macroporosidade do solo em sistemas de cana-de-açúcar com e sem queima. Nas áreas em estudo foi instalada uma malha amostral (100 x 100 m) com pontos espaçados em 1, 2 e 10 m. A avaliação de CO2 foi realizada nos pontos da malha amostral de forma simultânea, nas duas áreas, por 9 dias das 7:00 as 11:00 h, com auxílio de câmaras de solo (modelo LI-8100). Amostras indeformadas foram coletadas na camada superficial do solo (0,00-0,10 m) com auxílio de anéis volumétricos de kopeck para análises de densidade, macro e microporosidade do solo. A emissão de CO2 e macroporosidade do solo apresentaram tendências similares na análise descritiva e geoestatística, ou seja, pode-se concluir que a macroporosidade do solo influenciou a emissão de CO2 em sistemas de manejo de cana-de-açúcar.Palavras-chave: Variabilidade espacial, macroporosidade, respiração do solo, cana crua, Saccharum spp. GEOSTATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF CO2 EMISSION AND MACROPOROSITY OF RED LATOSOL EUTROFERRIC UNDER SUGARCANE CULTIVATIONABSTRACT: Soil CO2 emission is an important soil quality indicator and an approach that can answer questions about the efficiency conversion from“burnt cane” to “green cane” systems. This work aimed to evaluate the spatial variability of CO2 emission and soil macroporosity attributes from sugarcane cultivation systems with and without burning. A sample grid (100 x 100 m) with points spaced at 1, 2 and 10 m was installed in experimental areas. CO2 evaluation was carried out at the all points grid in the both areas simultaneously, for 9 days, from 7:00 to 11:00 h, with soil chambers (model LI-8100). Undeformed soil samples were collected from superficial soil depth (0.00-0.10 m) using volumetric rings for soil bulk density, macro and microporosity analyzes. CO2 emission and macroporosity showed similar trends in descriptive and geostatistical analysis. Therfore, it can be concluded that soil macroporosity influenced CO2 emission in sugarcane management systems.KEYWORDS: Geostatistic. Macroporosity. Soil respiration. Saccharum spp.
ТЕРМИЧЕСКОЕ ОКСИДИРОВАНИЕ КАК СПОСОБ СОЗДАНИЯ НАНОРАЗМЕРНЫХ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ ПЛЕНОК НА ПОЛУПРОВОДНИКАХ AIIIBV: ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЕ НАНЕСЕННЫХ СЛОЕВ МЕТАЛЛОВ
Authors: Tominа E. V. , Mittova I. Ya. , Zelenina L. S. 
Published: March 2018

Очерчен круг проблем, не позволяющих в полной мере реализовать огромный потенциал применения фосфида индия и арсенида галлия в твердотельной электронике. Проанализированы и обобщены классические и современные результаты по термическому оксидированию полупроводников AIIIBV, в том числе со стимуляцией процесса обработкой фотонами, магнитными импульсами и т.д. Особое внимание уделено рассмотрению фундаментального подхода к решению проблемы формирования наноразмерных функциональных пленок на AIIIBV, заключающегося в использовании обоснованно выбранных хемостимуляторов, вводимых в систему различными способами с целью изменения механизма процесса термооксидирования полупроводников с собственного на хемостимулированный. Это обеспечивает протекание новых интерфейсных реакций с кинетически сопряженными и гетерогенно-каталитическими стадиями, что позволяет в едином процессе осуществить кинетический обход нежелательных стадий собственного оксидирования, снизить рабочие параметры (температура, время) процесса формирования пленок и одновременно управлять составом и свойствами функциональных пленок нанометрового диапазона толщины с достижением целевых характеристик.
Исследования проведены с использованием оборудования Центра коллективного пользования научным оборудованием Воронежского госуниверситета.
Благодарность к. ф-м. н., доценту Лукину А.Н. за исследование методом ИКС.
Работа поддержана грантом РФФИ № 18-03-00354 а.
ГРАФОАНАЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ ОЦЕНКА ДИНАМИЧЕСКОЙ ЕМКОСТИ ГЛАУКОНИТА ПРИ СОВМЕСТНОЙ СОРБЦИИ КАТИОНОВ Сu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II)
Authors: Vigdorovich V. I. , Zhukovskaia T. V. , Tsygankova L. E. , Uryadnikova M. N. , Shel N. V. 
Published: March 2018

Предложен расчетный способ оценки количества вещества адсорбата (N) и динамической емкости сорбента (Q) в условиях очистки от загрязнителей в потоке. Рассмотренные подходы действительны при использовании сорбентов и удалении сорбатов любой природы из проточных сред независимо от скорости потока элюата в условиях ламинарного течения жидкости.
Способ основан на использовании β-сплайновых кривых и базируется на свойствах геометрической непрерывности, используемых при решении задач геометрического моделирования посредством кубических многочленов. Он позволяет:
- рассчитать величины динамической емкости Q к любому моменту времени от начала сорбции при отсутствии экспериментальной оценки величины коэффициента сорбции ρτi;
- оценить рассчитанное время непрерывной работы сорбента до его замены или регенерации.
При комнатной температуре получены величины Qi глауконита по катионам Сu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II) при их совместной сорбции как функция природы адсорбата с учетом высоты его слоя, линейной скорости подачи раствора при произвольном интервале времени от начала процесса. Оценена относительная сорбционная способность катионов в зависимости от тех же факторов. Показано, что с ростом скорости подачи раствора увеличивается динамическая емкость сорбента, которая изменяется в ряду:
QNi(II) > QZn(II) > QСu(II)

Экспериментальные результаты получены на оборудовании Центра коллективного пользования научным оборудованием ТГУ имени Г.Р. Державина.
МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ СИМПОЗИУМ “НАНОФИЗИКА И НАНОМАТЕРИАЛЫ”, ПОСВЯЩЕННЫЙ 105-ЛЕТИЮ СО ДНЯ РОЖДЕНИЯ В. Б. АЛЕСКОВСКОГО
Authors: Syrkov A. G. 
Published: March 2018

22-23 ноября 2017 г. в Санкт-Петербурге состоялся Международный симпозиум “Нанофизика и Наноматериалы” (НиН-2017 или N&N-2017). Симпозиум НиН-2017 проведен на базе Санкт-Петербургского горного университета (Горного университета или СПГУ). В работе симпозиума приняли участие 210 специалистов из Великобритании, США, Беларуси, Казахстана, Украины и России.
Международный симпозиум НиН-2017 организован Горным университетом по распоряжению ректора от 29.06.2017 при содействии Минобрнауки России, Международной консалтинговой компании IMC Montan, компании GMC, региональных отделений ЮНЕСКО в России и ООО ”МК Констракшн” (Москва).
Цель симпозиума: провести на высоком научном уровне обмен актуальной информацией в области физики, химии, технологии и методов контроля низкоразмерных систем и наноматериалов, востребованных в минерально-сырьевом комплексе, а также обсудить проблемы высшего образования в области нанотехнологий.
Azara corrige a Garcilaso: sentimiento y razón
Authors: Martín Puya Ana Isabel 
Published: March 2018

RESUMENIlustración y neoclasicismo hallan en el término «Razón» una de sus más firmes bases. La razón se convierte en norma y aspiración para buena parte de los intelectuales dieciochescos, haciéndose visible como ideal en obras de muy diversa índole. El sentimiento, por su parte, ha de ser pasado por el el tamiz de la razón. En este trabajo se analiza la manifestación de ambos integrantes del habitual binomio en las Obras de Garcilaso de la Vega, ilustradas con notas (Madrid, Imprenta Real de la Gaceta, 1765) por José Nicolás de Azara, edición que recuperó para las prensas la obra del poeta toledano tras una larga ausencia de las mismas, presentándolo como modelo del «buen gusto» en base a una estética neoclásica promovida bajo el reinado de Carlos III.PALABRAS CLAVERazón, sentimiento, Garcilaso, Azara, lírica, Siglo de Oro, Ilustración, neoclasicismo. ABSTRACTEnlightenment and Neoclassicism find in the term «Reason» one of their firmest bases. Reason becomes norm and aim for a great number of the XVIIIth Century intellectuals, becoming visible as ideal in works of various kinds. Feelings, on the other hand, must be passed through the sieve of reason. In this work, I analyse how both elements of the binomial manifest themselves within Obras de Garcilaso de la Vega, ilustradas con notas (Madrid, Imprenta Real de la Gaceta, 1765) by José Nicolás de Azara, an edition which recovered for the printing presses the work of the poet from Toledo after a long absence from them, presenting it as a model of «buen gusto» according to a neoclassical aesthetics promoted under the reign of Carlos IIIKEYWORDSReason, feeling, Garcilaso, Azara, lyric, Golden Age, Enlightenment, Neoclassicism