bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning from another SBU: strategizing growth at SEE-Tech
Authors: Chittawar Milind , Gunta Srinivas 
Published: December 2018

Supplementary materials
Teaching Note includes case synopsis, assignment/discussion questions, suggested readings, teaching plan, methodology, case analysis, what happened, references and data in exhibits.

Learning outcomes
Appreciating the role of process innovation in enabling growth; Understanding why replication is time consuming and not straight-forward; distinguishing formal and informal dimensions of coordination-mechanisms; Analyzing the differences in replication using template and principles.

Case overview/synopsis
Entrepreneurs desire to grow their businesses. They look for opportunities, in this case, when an opportunity came in year 2006, the entrepreneur successfully en-cashed. This lead to formation of a strategic business unit (SBU) that grew faster and also became role model. However the main SBU, for which the firm is known, continued past legacy. It is only when they found it difficult to grow, they decided to emulate. However, transition was not easy, it took much higher efforts. In the transformation, the older-SBU found that it is only inspiration, direction and fundamental principles that they can take from the newer-SBU. They have to fight their own battle and evolve solutions themselves. The older-SBU finally did succeed in the replication. The case experiences decision-making on template versus principle route to replication giving the participants enough exposure and thinking on the subject.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Complexity academic level
For MBAs and working professional’s training.

Subject Code
CSS 3: Entrepreneurship
Numerical investigation of aspect ratio influences on Rayleigh–Bénard convection of Bingham fluids in vertical cylindrical annuli
Authors: Yigit Sahin , Chakraborty Nilanjan 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to conduct numerical simulations to investigate steady-state laminar Rayleigh–Bénard convection of yield stress fluids obeying Bingham model in rectangular cross-sectional cylindrical annular enclosures. In this investigation, axisymmetric simulations have been carried out for nominal Rayleigh number range Ra = 103 to 105, aspect ratio range AR = 0.25 to 4 (i.e. AR = H/L where H is the enclosure height and L is the difference between outer and inner radii) and normalised inner radius range ri/L = 0 to 16 (where ri is internal cylinder radius) for a nominal representative Prandtl number Pr = 500. Both constant wall temperature (CWT) and constant wall heat flux (CWHF) boundary conditions have been considered for differentially heated horizontal walls to analyse the effects of wall boundary condition.

Design/methodology/approach
The bi-viscosity Bingham model is used to mimic Bingham fluids for Rayleigh–Bénard convection of Bingham fluids in vertical cylindrical annuli. The conservation equations of mass, momentum and energy have been solved in a coupled manner using the finite volume method where a second-order central differencing scheme is used for the diffusive terms and a second-order up-wind scheme is used for the convective terms. The well-known semi-implicit method for pressure-linked equations algorithm is used for the coupling of the pressure and velocity.

Findings
It is found that the convective transport strengthens (weakens) with an increase in Ra (AR) for both Newtonian (i.e. Bn = 0) and Bingham fluids, regardless of the boundary conditions. Moreover, the strength of convection is stronger in the CWT configuration than that is for CWHF boundary condition due to higher temperature difference between horizontal walls for both Newtonian (i.e. Bn = 0) and Bingham fluids. The mean Nusselt number

Nūcy does not show a monotonic increase with increasing Ra for AR = 1 and ri/L = 4 because of the change in flow pattern (i.e. number of convection rolls/cells) in the CWT boundary condition, whereas a monotonic increase of

Nūcy with increasing Ra is obtained for the CWHF configuration. In addition,

Nūcy increases with increasing ri/L and asymptotically approaches the corresponding value obtained for rectangular enclosures (ri/L → ∞) for both CWT and CWHF boundary conditions for large values of ri/L. It is also found that both the flow pattern and the mean Nusselt number

Nūcy are dependent on the initial conditions for Bingham fluid cases, as hysteresis is evident for AR = 1 for both CWT and CWHF boundary conditions.

Originality value
Finally, the numerical findings have been used to propose a correlation for

Nūcy in the range of 0.25 ≤ ri/L ≤ 16, 0.25 ≤ AR ≤ 2 and 5 × 104 ≤ Ra ≤ 105 for the CWHF configuration.
First response emergency care – experiences described by firefighters
Authors: Abelsson Anna 
Published: December 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe firefighters’ experiences of first response emergency care.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses an explorative descriptive design with a qualitative approach. Data were collected through group interviews of 35 firefighters and subjected to qualitative content analysis.FindingsThe results showed that the professional role and the firemen’s uniform serve as a protection against psychologically strenuous situations. To protect the dignity of the injured or dead is important as well as protecting and safeguarding each other from the experience of the tragedy of an accident. Having a solid, sterling medical education provides a sense of security in the emergency care, as well as when caring for the relatives. Debriefing brings thoughts and feelings to the surface for processing and closure. The feeling of sadness lingers for the people not being saveable, that had been dead on arrival or the ones forgotten.Originality/valueA firefighter’s work situation is exposed and stressful. The firemen’s uniform as a mental barrier, colleagues, time to mentally prepare and to be allowed to show feelings are all needed to cope. It is, therefore, important to encourage, promote and strengthen the protective role of camaraderie for the firefighter, which probably can be emphasized in other uniform-wearing professions such as police, military and ambulance. Being acknowledged for their contribution to other peoples’ lives and well-being can acknowledge the firefighters’ importance.
Asymmetric targeting of corporate cash holdings and financial constraints in Pakistani firms
Authors: Siddiqua Ghulam Ayehsa , ur Rehman Ajid , Hussain Shahzad 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the asymmetric adjustment of cash holdings in Pakistani firms for above and below target firms.

Design/methodology/approach
The study employs generalized method of moments (GMM) to investigate the adjustment of cash holdings.

Findings
The study found that the firms which hold cash above the optimal level of cash holdings have higher speed of adjustment than the firms which hold cash below the optimal level. Financially constrained (FC) firms also adjust their cash holdings faster than financially unconstrained (FUC) firms but high speed of downward adjustment does not remain persistent after financial constraints are controlled. Findings of this study reveal this asymmetric adjustment in above and below target firms and extend these results in FC and FUC Pakistani listed firms, respectively.

Research limitations/implications
The conclusion of this study has been derived under certain limitations. There is a vast space to extend this study in different dimensions. Firms operating in capital-intensive industries may provide different results for financial constraints because their policy designing would be quite different from other firms.

Originality/value
This study contributes to cash holdings research in Pakistan by exploring the adjustment behavior of cash holdings across Pakistani non-financial firms using econometric modeling. Downward adjustment rate is supposed to be higher than upward adjustment rate and this rate is tested using dynamic panel data model. Similarly, it is inferred that this relationship holds for above target firms even after including the financial constraints in the presented model.
Integrated cost, quality, risk and schedule control through earned value management (EVM)
Authors: Khesal Tahereh , Saghaei Abbas , Khalilzadeh Mohammad , Rahiminezhad Galankashi Masoud , Soltani Roya 
Published: December 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose an integrated earned value management (EVM) approach to control quality, cost, schedule and risk of projects.Design/methodology/approachThis study represents a new EVM framework by considering a quality control index. Particularly, some control indices and cumulative buffers are defined by two proposed, methods, namely the linear- and Taguchi-based methods. These methods are implemented in three different projects in different industries.FindingsAccording to the results, integration of the quality index creates a better control situation by providing more accurate information. Hence, project managers could comprehensively monitor the status of important factors to make more precise decisions while maintaining the simplicity of their analysis.Originality/valueFrom the methodological and theoretical features, this paper offers new visions because, to the best of authors’ knowledge, no comparable study has been conducted before.
A preliminary mechanical design evaluation of the Wikispeed car: for light-weighting implications
Authors: Kulkarni Siddharth , Edwards David John , Chapman Craig , Hosseini M. Reza , Owusu-Manu De-Graft 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
Road passenger transportation faces a global challenge of reducing environmental pollution and greenhouse gas emissions because of the vehicle weight increases needed to enhance passenger safety and comfort. This paper aims to present a preliminary mechanical design evaluation of the Wikispeed Car (with a focus on body bending, body torsion and body crash) to assess light-weighting implications and improve the vehicle’s environmental performance without compromising safety.

Design/methodology/approach
For this research, finite element analysis (FEA) was performed to examine the Wikispeed chassis for light-weighting opportunities in three key aspects of the vehicle’s design, namely, for body bending the rockers (or longitudinal tubes), for body torsion (again on the rockers but also the chassis as a whole) and for crash safety – on the frontal crash structure. A two-phase approach was adopted, namely, in phase one, a 3D CAD geometry was generated and in phase, two FEA was generated. The combination of analysis results was used to develop the virtual model using FEA tools, and the model was updated based on the correlation process.

Findings
The research revealed that changing the specified material Aluminium Alloy 6061-T651 to Magnesium EN-MB10020 allows vehicle mass to be reduced by an estimated 110 kg, thus producing a concomitant 10 per cent improvement in fuel economy. The initial results imply that the current beam design made from magnesium would perform worst during a crash as the force required to buckle the beam is the lowest (between 95.2 kN and 134 kN). Steel has the largest bandwidth of force required for buckling and also requires the largest force for buckling (between 317 kN and 540 kN).

Originality/value
This is the first study of its kind to compare and contrast between material substitution and its impact upon Wikispeed car safety and performance.
Latino entrepreneurs and social media adoption: personal and business social network platforms
Authors: Gavino Monica C. , Williams Denise E. , Jacobson David , Smith Iris 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine both the Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs’ social media adoption (SMA) for business purposes and the influence of culture on personal versus business social network platform (SNP) selection.

Design/methodology/approach
The Technology Acceptance Model’s (TAM) factors of perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEU) as drivers of Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs’ social network platform selection are examined as well as the effect of SMA on revenue. Data was collected from 633 small business owners across the United States via an online survey administered in English and Spanish.

Findings
Results indicate that Latino/Hispanic business owners use personal SNP more than business SNP for business purposes. PU and PEU were not found to predict personal SNP for Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs. However, for Non-Latino/Hispanics, PU was significant while PEU was marginally significant. Findings for PU and PEU as predictors of business SNP indicate similar results for both Latino/Hispanic and non-Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs, where only PEU was significant. Finally, there was no relationship between either business or personal SNP and revenue for either Latino/Hispanic or non-Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs.

Practical implications
This research provides more insight into Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs’ self-directed engagement in personal SNP (Facebook) and business SNP (LinkedIn) for business purposes and invites future research in this population to further examine cultural influence and business performance. The findings support the need for Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs’ strengthening their competency in social media usage to remain competitive, as doing so will enhance their capability for building customer relationships, brand development, and equity financing.

Originality/value
This investigation 1) examines SMA’s role in Latino/Hispanic small and medium enterprises (SMEs); 2) distinguishes between personal and business social network platforms; 3) investigates TAM’s relevance for Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs’ use of social media for business; and 4) explores SME social media usage as a predictor of revenue. We seek to provide practitioners with a greater understanding of how they may influence business success and sustainability through better competency development and usage of social media platforms.
The protective effect of milk consumption on milk allergy in children and adults in Fez-Meknes region of Morocco
Authors: Azdad Ouarda , Mejrhit Najlae , Chda Alae , El Kabbaoui Mohamed , Bencheikh Rachid , Tazi Abdelali , Aarab Lotfi 
Published: December 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to compare the evolution of self-reported milk allergy in children and adults within the population of Fez-Meknes region, as well as to investigate the consumption of milk and its correlation to milk allergy.Design/methodology/approachIt is a cross-sectional study conducted in Fez-Meknes region between April 2014 and March 2015 basing on a questionnaire completed by 3,068 children and 1,281 adults.FindingsThe results showed that food allergy was more reported among children (29.4 per cent) than adults (16.9 per cent). Milk allergy was reported by 5.3 per cent of children and 4.2 per cent of adults. Children reported mostly cutaneous manifestations (64.8 per cent) while adults reported mostly gastrointestinal manifestations (68.5 per cent). The consumption of milk showed a protective effect against the development of milk allergy (p< 0.001).Originality/valueThe consumption of milk was associated significantly with a low rate of milk allergy, especially in adults. However, the pasteurization of milk seemed to be correlated to increase milk sensitivity.
Corporate social irresponsibility: humans vs artificial intelligence
Authors: Krkač Kristijan 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
The supposedly radical development of artificial intelligence (AI) has raised questions regarding the moral responsibility of it. In the sphere of business, they are translated into questions about AI and business ethics (BE) and corporate social responsibility (CSR). The purpos of this study is to conceptually reformulate these questions from the point of view of two possible aspect-changes, namely, starting from corporate social irresponsibility (CSI) and starting not from AIs incapability for responsibility but from its ability to imitate human CSR without performing typical human CSI.

Design/methodology/approach
The author draws upon the literature and his previous works on the relationship between AI and human CSI. This comparison aims to remodel the understanding of human CSI and AIs inability to be CSI. The conceptual remodelling is offered by taking a negative view on the relation. If AI can be made not to perform human-like CSI, then AI is at least less CSI than humans. For this task, it is necessary to remodel human and AI CSR, but AI does not have to be CSR. It is sufficient that it can be less CSI than humans to be more CSR.

Findings
The previously suggested remodelling of basic concepts in question leads to the conclusion that it is not impossible for AI to act or operate more CSI then humans simply by not making typical human CSIs. Strictly speaking, AI is not CSR because it cannot be responsible as humans can. If it can perform actions with a significantly lesser amount of CSI in comparison to humans, it is certainly less CSI.

Research limitations/implications
This paper is only a conceptual remodelling and a suggestion of a research hypothesis. As such, it implies particular morality, ethics and the concepts of CSI and AI.

Practical implications
How this remodelling could be done in practice is an issue of future research.

Originality/value
The author delivers the paper on comparison between human and AI CSI which is not much discussed in literature.
Heat dissipation rate constrains reproductive investment in a wild bird
Authors: Nord Andreas , Nilsson Jan‐Åke 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

The “heat dissipation limit” theory (HDL) posits that animals with higher capacity to dissipate metabolic heat can increase reproductive investment. This theory remains untested in the wild.

We recently showed that increased workload in a small bird causally relates to maximum body temperature.

Here, we have expanded this approach by experimentally facilitating sensible heat transfer rate in nestling‐feeding blue tits—a small bird with high resting‐ and work‐induced body temperatures—through removal of ventral plumage.

Feather‐clipped parents did not increase work rate but sired larger, and sometimes heavier, nestlings while maintaining lower body temperature and losing less body mass than controls. Thus, when relieved of the demands to dissipate metabolic heat, parents could invest more into both current (nestling condition) and future (self‐maintenance) reproduction.

In accordance with the HDL theory, we conclude that constraints on heat dissipation rate could be a potent mediator of life‐history trade‐offs in wild animals.

A plain language summary is available for this article.
From democratic participation to civic resistance: the loss of institutional trust as an outcome of activism in the refugee solidarity movement
Authors: Toubøl Jonas 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAdding to the literature on non‐institutional political action and trust, this article argues that the loss of institutional trust is not only a cause but also an outcome of political activism. Studying the Danish refugee solidarity movement in a mixed‐methods research design including survey and qualitative interview data, the article shows that three kinds of activism – political activism, humanitarian activity, and civil disobedience – relate differently to the loss of trust in the institutions of the Parliament, the legal system, and the police. Political activism primarily affects a loss of trust in the Parliament due to low external efficacy and a closed political opportunity structure. Civil disobedience affects a loss of trust in the legal system and the police due to a perceived lack of procedural justice. Humanitarian activity does not affect a loss of institutional trust because it does not imply interaction with the institutions to the same extent as the other kinds of activism. The consequence of losing trust in the political institutions is not an abandonment of democratic values, nor political apathy, but rather a change in civic engagement from a mode of democratically legitimizing participation in the institutions to a mode of contending and questioning the legitimacy of the political institutions. This finding indicates that in turn loss of institutional trust may cause an increase in extra‐institutional political action which is consistent with the commonly assumed causality in the literature. This leads to a final integrating argument for conceptualizing activism and loss of institutional trust as reinforcing factors in a process where, in line with the main finding of this study, activism may cause a loss of institutional trust which, in turn, may cause additional activism, as argued in the existing literature.
In vitro fertilisation/intracytoplasmic sperm injection beyond 2020
Authors: Crawford GE , Ledger WL 
Published: December 2018

Over 8 million babies have been born following IVF (in vitro fertilisation) and other artificial reproductive technology (ART) procedures since Louise Brown's birth 40 years ago. New innovations have added much complexity to both clinical and laboratory procedures over the last four decades. Translation of novel approaches from basic science into clinical practice continues unabated, widening the applicability of ART to new groups of people and helping improve both chances of healthy live birth and patient acceptability. However, the impact of ART on the health of both patients and their offspring continues to cause concern, and many ethical challenges created by new scientific developments in this field attract widely differing opinions. What is undeniable is that there will be a sustained global growth in utilisation of ART and that reproductive tourism will allow many people to access the treatment they desire notwithstanding national regulations that may forbid some approaches. The greatest challenge is to expand access to ART to those living in the less wealthy nations who are equally deserving of its benefits.