bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ontogenesis of learning and memory: Biopsychosocial and dynamical systems perspectives
Authors: Cuevas Kimberly , Sheya Adam 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this article, we review recent empirical and theoretical work on infant memory development, highlighting future directions for the field. We consider the state of the field since Carolyn Rovee‐Collier's call for developmental scientists to “shift the focus from what to why,” emphasizing the function of infant behavior and the value of integrating fractionized, highly specialized subfields. We discuss functional approaches of early learning and memory, including ecological models of memory development and relevant empirical work in human and non‐human organisms. Ontogenetic changes in learning and memory occur in developing biological systems, which are embedded in broader socio‐cultural contexts with shifting ecological demands that are in part determined by the infants themselves. We incorporate biopsychosocial and dynamical systems perspectives as we analyze the state of the field's integration of multiple areas of specialization to provide more holistic understanding of the contributing factors and underlying mechanisms of the development of memory.
Specification and formation of the neural crest: Perspectives on lineage segregation
Authors: Prasad Maneeshi S. , Charney Rebekah M. , García‐Castro Martín I. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryThe neural crest is a fascinating embryonic population unique to vertebrates that is endowed with remarkable differentiation capacity. Thought to originate from ectodermal tissue, neural crest cells generate neurons and glia of the peripheral nervous system, and melanocytes throughout the body. However, the neural crest also generates many ectomesenchymal derivatives in the cranial region, including cell types considered to be of mesodermal origin such as cartilage, bone, and adipose tissue. These ectomesenchymal derivatives play a critical role in the formation of the vertebrate head, and are thought to be a key attribute at the center of vertebrate evolution and diversity. Further, aberrant neural crest cell development and differentiation is the root cause of many human pathologies, including cancers, rare syndromes, and birth malformations. In this review, we discuss the current findings of neural crest cell ontogeny, and consider tissue, cell, and molecular contributions toward neural crest formation. We further provide current perspectives into the molecular network involved during the segregation of the neural crest lineage.
An easy, flexible solution to attach devices to hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) enables long‐term high‐resolution studies
Authors: Barthel Leon M. F. , Hofer Heribert , Berger Anne 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBio‐logging is an essential tool for the investigation of behavior, ecology, and physiology of wildlife. This burgeoning field enables the improvement of population monitoring and conservation efforts, particularly for small, elusive animals where data collection is difficult. Device attachment usually requires species‐specific solutions to ensure that data loggers exert minimal influence on the animal’s behavior and physiology, and ensure high reliability of data capture. External features or peculiar body shapes often make securing devices difficult for long‐term monitoring, as in the case with small spiny mammals. Here, we present a method that enables high‐resolution, long‐term investigations of European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) via GPS and acceleration loggers. We collected data from 17 wild hedgehogs with devices attached between 9 and 42 days. Our results showed that hedgehogs behaved naturally; as individuals curled, moved through dense vegetation, slipped under fences and built regular day nests without any indication of impediment. Our novel method makes it possible to not only attach high‐precision devices for substantially longer than previous efforts, but enables detachment and reattachment of devices to the same individual. This makes it possible to quickly respond to unforeseen events and exchange devices, and overcomes the issue of short battery life common to many lightweight loggers.
Analysis of reservoir computing focusing on the spectrum of bistable delayed dynamical systems
Authors: Kinoshita Ikuhide , Akao Akihiko , Shirasaka Sho , Kotani Kiyoshi , Jimbo Yasuhiko 
Published: December 2018

AbstractReservoir computing (RC) is a machine‐learning paradigm that is capable to process empirical time series data. This paradigm is based on a neural network with a fixed hidden layer having a high‐dimensional state space, called a reservoir. Reservoirs including time delays are considered to be good candidates for practical applications because they make hardware realization of the high‐dimensional reservoirs simple. Performance of the well‐trained RCs depends both on dynamical properties of attractors of the reservoirs and tasks they solve. Therefore, in the conventional monostable RCs, there arise task‐wise optimization problems of the reservoirs, which have been solved based on trial and error approaches. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between the dynamical properties of the time‐delay reservoir and the performance in terms of the spectra of the delayed dynamical systems, which might facilitate the development of the unified systematic optimization techniques for the time‐delay reservoirs. In addition, we propose a novel RC framework that performs well on distinct tasks without the task‐wise optimization using bistable reservoir dynamics, which can reduce complicated hardware management of the reservoirs.
A rapid site‐specific PCR based one‐tube authentication method for saffron in crude drugs and processed herbal medicines
Authors: Yuan Yi , Deng Yun , Wang Jian , Chen Rong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSaffron is one of the world's most precious medicinal herbs and often found to be adulterated with other cheaper materials. The chemical compounds in Crocus sativus L. such as crocin, picrocrocin also exist in other plants, which makes the chemotype‐driven analysis not ideal for the quality control of saffron. Herein, we developed a rapid authentication method for saffron in crude drugs by the site‐specific PCR. In order to realize fast high‐throughput analysis, a one‐tube identification approach was further established by using a universal fluorescent dye to detect the PCR products. In addition, this method was also applied to the authentication of saffron in a processed herbal medicine “Er shi wu wei shan hu wan” which consists of twenty‐five kinds of medicinal materials including plants, minerals and animals. Additionally, this method was also proved to be with high specificity and repeatability. The flexibility of choosing different primers also made this method versatile for other medicinal materials.
The relation between structural, rugometric and fractal characteristics of hard dental tissues at micro and nano levels
Authors: Solaymani Shahram , Ghoranneviss Mahmood , Elahi Seyed Mohammad , Shafiekhani Azizollah , Kulesza Slawomir , Ţălu Ştefan , Bramowicz Miroslaw , Hantehzadeh Mohammadreza , Nezafat Negin Beryani 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHuman tooth exhibits a structure of a mixture of inorganic hydroxyapatite nanocrystals and organic phases. The aim of this study is to investigate different tissues of human canine teeth surface along with the micro structure parameters of each tissue. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) is used to study the amorphous or crystalline nature of each tissue with different mineral compositions and crystalline structures where the highest crystalline quality is related to enamel. The surfaces are also examined by energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometry. Moreover, crystalline quality factor is carried out to estimate the crystallinity of the tissues. Also, based on the basic Scherrer equation, the Williamson–Hall equation is applied to extend the formula for the XRD. Enamel and cementum tissues of a typical human tooth, which look similar, are composed of a large variety of wide lines with different widths through Raman spectra analysis. In addition, the applied scanning electron microscopy extracts similar morphology for all tissues with round granular structures which are denser in the cementum. Atomic force microscopy is finally used for investigation of micro‐morphologies of the different tissues and the results are compared with the fractal analysis which ends to the bifractal and anisotropic nature of enamel and cementum along with monofractal and isotropic nature of dentin.
Light and scanning electron microscopic study of lingual papillae in the wolf (Canis lupus)
Authors: Haligur Ayse , Ozkadif Sema , Alan Aydin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this study, it was aimed to perform light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigation of the tongue and papilla belonging to two wolves. Light microscopy and SEM images of tongues were taken. It was observed that papillae filiformes concentrated in apex of these investigated tongues. In addition to, these papillae were observed in the whole tongues. It was also determined that papillae fungiformes were distributed rarely in between papillae filiformes. Papillae foliatae were placed in the lateral side of tongues. There were two papillae vallatae in the median part of tongues. Papillae vallatae was determined in radix linguae. It was observed that papillae vallatae formed circular extensions in many different dimensions and a hole was present in a circular structure in the center. Papillae conicae were seen on dorsal surface of radix linguae. Papillae foliatae were seen four laminal structure and placed on the each lateral side of tongues. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that presents of light microscopy and SEM findings related with the tongues of wolves.
Physical assessment by Japanese community hospital nurses compared to that performed overseas: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Maejima Satoko , Ohta Ryuichi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundJapanese nurses may not be adequately trained to perform physical assessments compared to nurses overseas due to differences in accessibility to education; currently, research investigating this discrepancy is limited. This study investigated the current performance levels of Japanese community nurses in physical assessments and compared their performance to that of nurses overseas.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, we examined the practical application of physical assessments conducted by nurses at a Japanese community hospital. We used a questionnaire based on one used in a similar prior study conducted overseas. The results were also compared with the overseas data. A chi‐squared test and analysis of variance were used to analyze the variables in each question.ResultsWe distributed the questionnaires to 171 nurses working in the hospital. The return rate was 97.6% (167 out of 171). There was no significant difference in the methods used to perform a physical assessment based on the number of years of experience. Compared to nurses overseas, Japanese community hospital nurses differed in one area of assessment: A physical assessment of the chest was more likely conducted via auscultation rather than inspection.ConclusionsWhen Japanese community hospital nurses performed a physical assessment of patients, auscultation was more frequently implemented than inspection. This approach contrasts with nurses overseas, who were more likely to use inspection when performing physical assessment. Japanese community nurses should improve their skills related to inspection, as inspection is an important process in the recognition of early stages of emergency.
Congress presidential address to the 30th meeting of the JSHBPS: the second opening of Japan on the way to a bright future
Authors: Endo Itaru 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe 30th meeting of the JSHBPS is the first domestic meeting of our society to have been organized completely in English. In that sense, we have established the theme of the 30th meeting of the JSHBPS as “The Second Opening of Japan on the Way to a Bright Future”. Last 30 years, several strategies have been undertaken to battle hepatobiliary (HPB) malignancies, such as aggressive operative procedures, operative planning using state‐of‐the‐art technologies, neoadjuvant therapy, conversion surgery for initially unresectable diseases, and immunomodulation. According to the rapid development of precision medicine, HBP surgeons should have a literacy for individualized therapy. Here, I review recent improvements in regard to HBP surgery. In addition, education for the next generations should be our highest priority. Collaboration with foreign researchers is the most effective tool to promote personal growth.
Long‐term reactions to pulsatile tinnitus are marked by weakened short‐range functional connectivity within a brain network in the right temporal lobe
Authors: Zheng Wang , Peng Zhang , Pengfei Zhao , Jing Li , Heyu Ding , Hongxia Yin , Yawen Liu , Zhengyu Zhang , Shusheng Gong , Zhenghan Yang , Han Lv , Zhenchang Wang 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundThere have been recent efforts to characterize brain functional activity features in patients with pulsatile tinnitus (PT). These efforts have revealed evidence of aberrant functional connectivity (FC) of the right middle temporal gyrus (MTG) in PT patients with prolonged disease duration.PurposeTo assess the possible predictive effect of aberrant FC of MTG in PT patients with prolonged disease duration.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationThirty‐four patients with recent‐onset PT (RPTIN), 24 patients with long‐term PT (LPTIN), and 35 age‐, gender‐, and education‐matched healthy controls were enrolled.Field Strength/Sequence3.0T MRI system and echo‐planar imaging (EPI) sequence, 3D brain volume imaging (BRAVO) sequence.AssessmentFunctional MRI data preprocessing was performed in Data Processing & Analysis for Brain Imaging (DPABI) and Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) 8. The FC analyses were conducted using the software REST.Statistical TestsOne‐way analysis of covariance was conducted between three groups with age and gender as covariates, and post‐hoc analysis was used to identify the sources of group effects. Pearson's correlation analysis was conducted for the z‐values of altered FC strength in the PT group and the clinical data.ResultsAmong hubs belonging to the executive control network, the default mode network (DMN), and limbic network, the strength of FC was mainly decreased in the patient groups compared with normal controls (P < 0.05). Relative to RPTIN patients and normal controls, LPTIN patients were further characterized by significantly decreased FC between several short‐range brain regions adjacent to the seed (P < 0.05). Finally, disease duration was negatively correlated with decreased FC between the seed and right fusiform gyrus/parahippocampal gyrus, right inferior frontal gyrus, and right MTG (a brain area adjacent to the seed region).Data ConclusionLong‐term reactions to PT mainly involved weakened short‐range FC, especially within a functional network in the right temporal lobe.Level of Evidence: 4Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018.
A nanoscale‐modified junctionless with considerable progress on the electrical and thermal issue
Authors: Anvarifard Mohammad K. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSilicon‐on‐insulator junctionless transistor (SOI‐JLT) is introduced as an efficient device for nanoscale destinations. Moreover, critical lattice temperature and high leakage current are taken into account as the fundamental challenges can limit the use of the SOI‐JLTs. This paper aims to modify a conventional junctionless in order to improve the electrical and thermal performance. A new window filled by lightly doped P‐type silicon material opens inside a part of the buried oxide beneath the channel region. This reformation in the junctionless creates a depletion layer at the channel region/new window interface to reduce the leakage current, successfully. Also, the critical lattice temperature of the proposed structure will be mitigated owing to higher effective thermal conduction in contrast to the conventional SOI‐JLT structure. Two carriers and two‐dimensional (2D) simulation of the structures under the study considering the various spectra of parameters in terms of lattice temperature, leakage current, electron temperature, driving current, transconductance, output conductance, parasitic capacitance, current gain, unilateral power gain, cutoff frequency, maximum oscillation frequency, and minimum noise figure revealed that the suggested device provides a better opportunity for the researchers and experimentalists to implement and develop it for VLSI applications.
Biotic strategies to increase plant availability of sewage sludge ash phosphorus
Authors: Raymond Nelly Sophie , Müller Stöver Dorette , Richardson Alan E. , Nielsen Henrik Hauggaard , Stoumann Jensen Lars 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSewage sludge incineration‐ash (FB‐I) represents a potential alternative phosphorus (P) fertiliser with a high concentration of P, although with relatively low crop availability. In this study, we investigated two P‐solubilisation approaches (acidification and P mobilisation by citrate) to enhance plant P uptake from the FB‐I ash in a pot study by using various biotic strategies: (1) a pre‐treatment of ash with a Penicillium bilaiae inoculum, (2) an isogenic line of wheat that excretes citrate from the root tip, (3) nitrogen (N) provided as
combined with nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD). All strategies were tested combined with each other and with different methods for ash application: (1) completely mixed within the top one third of soil in a pot, or (2) applied as distinct band at 10 cm depth. Triple super phosphate (TSP) at a rate of 15 mg P kg−1 soil per pot was sufficient to support maximum shoot growth. Ash mixed into the first top third part of soil in the pot at a rate of 180 mg P kg−1 soil (equivalent to 60 mg P kg−1 soil throughout the pot) significantly increased the soil water‐extractable P and the subsequent shoot P uptake and shoot biomass for both wheat lines and microbial pre‐treatment to support maximum plant performance. Shoot P concentration in these treatments was further enhanced when the plants received
and DCD, although not leading to a significant increase in shoot biomass. The citrate secretion by the root tips and pre‐inoculation with P. bilaiae of the ash did not influence plant growth. In conclusion, root‐zone soil acidification by
nutrition is regarded as a promising strategy to improve the fertilising effect of such alternative P fertilisers originating from urban waste streams.
What motivates ecopreneurs in the United States to create value?
Authors: Jayashankar Priyanka , Van Auken Howard , Ashta Arvind 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThere is an important linkage between the motives and the perceived value creation of ecopreneurs. Filling a research gap on how ecopreneurs' financial and nonfinancial motives impact different forms of value creation, a positive relationship is revealed between economic and socio‐ethical motives and specific types of value creation. Interestingly, the organic farmers' motives have no impact on economic value creation.
Quantitative Ultrasound and the Pancreas: Demonstration of Early Detection Capability
Authors: Miller Rita J. , Han Aiguo , Erdman John W. , Wallig Matthew A. , O'Brien William D. 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesTo show that quantitative ultrasound biomarkers attenuation (AC) and backscatter (BSC) coefficients are effective tools to detect early changes in acute pancreatitis, using a cerulein‐induced pancreatitis rat model.MethodsSprague‐Dawley rats (n = 68) were divided into 8 groups: uninjected cage controls, saline‐injected controls, and cerulein‐injected rats euthanized at 2, 4, 15, 24, 48, and 60 hours after injection. Pancreatic AC and BSC (25–55 MHz) were estimated in vivo (Vevo 2100, VisualSonics, Toronto, CA) and ex vivo (40‐MHz transducer). The pancreas of each rat was evaluated histopathologically.ResultsChanges in both in vivo and ex vivo AC and BSC relative to controls reflected temporal histomorphologic changes. Overall, there were decreased AC and BSC at early time points and then rebound toward control values over time. Maximal in vivo AC and BSC decreases occurred at 2 hours after cerulein injection. Attenuation coefficient changes corresponded well with early pancreatic edema and acinar cell vacuolation, with rebound as edema decreased, autophagy/cellular death occurred, and histiocytic infiltrates and fibrosis manifested. Backscatter coefficient decreased early but rebounded as autophagy and apoptosis increased, only to fall as acinar atrophy peaked, and fibrosis and histiocytic infiltration increased.ConclusionsCerulein‐induced pancreatitis is an excellent model for studying ultrasonic AC and BSC biomarkers during the early stages of acute pancreatitits, reflecting microscopic structural changes. Edema followed by cell shrinkage and apoptosis, then histiocytic infiltration and fibrosis, has certain similarities with the morphologies of some forms of pancreatic carcinoma. This suggests that quantitative ultrasound may be very useful for early detection of disease onset or response to therapy for not only acute pancreatitis but also pancreatic cancer.
Combinatorial Synthesis of Peptoid Arrays via Laser‐Based Stacking of Multiple Polymer Nanolayers
Authors: Mattes Daniela. S. , Streit Bettina , Bhandari Dhaka R. , Greifenstein Juliane , Foertsch Tobias C. , Münch Stephan W. , Ridder Barbara , v. Bojničić‐Kninski Clemens , Nesterov‐Mueller Alexander , Spengler Bernhard , Schepers Ute , Bräse Stefan , Loeffler Felix F. , Breitling Frank 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHere, the combinatorial synthesis of molecule arrays via a laser‐assisted process is reported. Laser‐transferred polymer nanolayers with embedded monomers, activators, or bases can be reliably stacked on top of each other, spot‐by‐spot, to synthesize molecule arrays. These various chemicals in the nanometer‐thin layers are mixed by heat or solvent vapor, inducing coupling reactions. As an example, peptoid arrays with a density of 10 000 spots per cm2 with the sub‐monomer or monomer method are generated. Moreover, successful reactions spot‐by‐spot are verified by laser‐transferring MALDI‐matrix (Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization) followed by MALDI mass spectrometry imaging.
An integrated method using MACBETH and EDAS methods for evaluating steam boiler alternatives
Authors: Kundakcı Nilsen 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe evaluation of steam boiler alternatives is a Multi‐Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) process and includes various alternatives and conflicting criteria. As selecting the most appropriate steam boiler affects the operating cost of the textile company, this decision process is crucial for the dyehouse. In the literature, various MCDM methods are proposed for evaluating the alternatives and selecting the most appropriate one among them. In this paper, the steam boiler alternatives that will be used in a dyehouse of a textile company are evaluated with an integrated MCDM method. This integrated method based on MACBETH (Measuring Attractiveness by a Categorical‐Based Evaluation Technique) and EDAS (Evaluation based on Distance from Average Solution) methods. MACBETH is used to determine the weights of the criteria and alternatives are ranked with EDAS method. At the end, the best steam boiler alternative is determined for the dyehouse of the textile company.