bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular cloning, gene expression analysis, and in silico characterization of UDP‐N‐acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase from Bombyx mori
Authors: Palaka Bhagath Kumar , Velmurugan Ilavarasi Anbumani , Sapam Tuleshwori Devi , Kotapati Kasi Viswanath , Nallala Venkata Satyanarayana , Khan Mohd. Babu , Ampasala Dinakara Rao 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe present study was aimed to explore the molecular and structural features of UDP‐N‐acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase of Bombyx mori (BmUAP), an essential enzyme for chitin synthesis in insects. The BmUAP cDNA sequence was cloned and expression profiles were monitored during the molting and feeding stages of silkworm larvae. The effect of 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E) on BmUAP expression, and on silkworm molting was studied, which revealed that 20E regulates its expression. Multiple sequence alignment of various pyrophosphorylases revealed that the residues N223, G290, N327, and K407 of human UAP (PDB ID: 1JV1) were found to be highly conserved in BmUAP and all other eukaryotic UAPs considered for the study. Phylogenetic analysis inferred that the UAPs possess discrete variations in primary structure among different insect Orders while sharing good identity between species of the Order. The structure of BmUAP was predicted and its interactions with uridine triphosphate, N‐acetylglucosamine‐1‐phosphate, and UDP‐N‐acetylglucosamine were analyzed. Virtual screening with a library of natural compounds resulted in five potential hits with good binding affinities. On further analysis, these five hits were found to be mimicking substrate and product, in inducing conformational changes in the active site. This work provides crucial information on molecular interactions and structural dynamics of insect UAPs.
Serum interleukin‐33 as a novel marker for long‐term prognosis and recurrence in acute ischemic stroke patients
Authors: Li Xian‐Mei , Wang Xiao‐yang , Feng Xiao‐Wen , Shao Meng‐Meng , Liu Wen‐Fang , Ma Qin‐Qin , Wang En‐Pei , Chen Jie , Shao Bei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesInterleukin‐33, a newly identified member of interleukin‐1 family, had been confirmed to play a crucial role in regulating inflammatory responses in various disease. However, the exact role of interleukin‐33 in the disease process of acute ischemic stroke still remains unclear. This study aims to demonstrate the relationship between interleukin‐33 levels and long‐term functional outcome as well as ischemic stroke recurrence.MethodsThree hundred and four first‐ever acute ischemic stroke patients were recruited and basic information and history of all subjects taken within 72 hr on admission. The functional outcome was estimated by Barthel index. The multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the prognosis, while the Cox proportional hazard model was applied to assess the recurrence risk.ResultsOut of 304 subjects, 259 patients successfully completed scheduled two‐year follow‐up. We found that higher interleukin‐33 levels correlated positively with better prognosis as compared with those with lower interleukin‐33 levels who presented with poorer outcome (62.45 ± 20.50 ng/ml vs. 51.58 ± 19.16 ng/ml, p < .001). After adjustment of all confounders, interleukin‐33 was associated with the one‐year prognosis with an adjusted odds ratio of 0.956 (95% confidence interval, 0.937–0.976, p < .001). Furthermore, interleukin‐33 levels were also closely related to recurrent ischemic stroke with an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.979 (95% confidence interval, 0.961–0.997, p = .025).ConclusionsIL‐33 can be used to predict the long‐term outcomes and ischemic stroke recurrence in first‐ever acute ischemic stroke patients.
Helping behaviour among people who use drugs: Altruism and mutual aid in a harm reduction program
Authors: Bathje Geoff J. , Pillersdorf Daniel , Kacere Laura , Bigg Dan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPeople who use drugs, and particularly people experiencing addiction, are rarely afforded the opportunity to have their voices heard when it comes to drug treatment or drug policy or even when attempting to define themselves and their life experiences. Of course, there is much more to a person than one area of their behaviour. The current study seeks to capture and understand the lived experiences of people who use drugs, with a focus on their relationships and helping behaviour. We interviewed 32 participants in a harm reduction program seeking to provide understanding beyond stigmatizing and criminalizing drug narratives, by exploring their motivation and context for helping behaviours. Grounded theory methodology was used to understand the patterns of helping behaviour, along with the contexts in which help is or is not given. We particularly focus on participants' distribution of syringes and carrying medicine to reverse overdose (naloxone). Participants shared stories of altruism and mutual aid, along with barriers and disincentives to helping others. We situate these behaviours within contrasting environments of a free harm reduction program and the competitive market system of the U.S. society. Implications for practice and public policy are discussed.
RT‐Hpro‐PCR: A MicroRNA Detection System Using a Primer with a DNA Tag
Authors: Takei Fumie , Akiyama Misaki , Murata Asako , Sugai Ayako , Nakatani Kazuhiko , Yamashita Ichiro 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short RNAs that regulate the expression of complementary messenger RNAs and are involved in numerous human diseases. However, current detection techniques lack the sensitivity to detect miRNAs of low abundance. Moreover, at a length of 20–25 bases, miRNAs are too short for the reverse transcription (RT) polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Here we have developed a new, rapid, and simple miRNA detection system utilizing an RT primer containing a DNA tag at the 5′‐end to increase the length of the cDNA. This strategy increases the length of the hybridized tagged primer and the complementary template DNA, as well as the melting temperature of the primer⋅template DNA duplex. PCR efficiency is thus increased, thereby enhancing miRNA detection sensitivity.
Localized ecthyma gangrenosum without sepsis in a neutropenic patient with a myelodysplastic syndrome—Refractory anemia with excess blasts type 2
Authors: Zanella Anaïs , Faure Cyril , Merle Catherine , Charollais Romain , Aubin François 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe diagnosis of ecthyma gangrenosum should be evoked in front of maculopapular lesions rapidly evolving to necroting ulcers, particularly in the presence of prolonged neutropaenia or other hematological malignancies.
Ni1‐xCoxOy, Ni1‐xCoxSy and Ni1‐xCoxPy Catalysts Prepared from Ni1‐xCox‐ZIF‐67 for Hydrogen Production by Electrolysis in Alkaline Media
Authors: Cui Yuchen , Liu Zhi , Guo Hailing , Chai Yongming , Liu Chenguang , Mintova Svetlana 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe uniform homeotypic bimetallic Ni1‐xCoxOy, Ni1‐xCoxSy and Ni1‐xCoxPy catalysts were synthesized from Ni1‐xCox‐ZIF‐67 crystals (120‐135 nm) reacting with oxygen, sublimed sulfur and sodium hypophosphite, respectively under control conditions. The catalysts were deposited on glassy carbon electrode (GCE), and their electro‐catalytic activity for hydrogen production in alkaline media by electrolysis was investigated. The electrocatalytic activity of the catalysts towards hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) decreased in the following order Ni0.1Co0.9Py>Ni0.2Co0.8Oy>Ni0.5Co0.5Sy>Ni0.1Co0.9‐ZIF‐67. The Ni0.1Co0.9Py exhibited the highest electrocatalytic activity towards HER due to the high crystallinity, high specific surface area and the synergistic effect of nickel and cobalt that accelerate the electron transfer process.
Intra‐ and Intermolecular Fluorescence Quenching of Alkylthio‐Substituted Phthalimides by Photoinduced Electron Transfer: Distance, Position and Conformational Dependence
Authors: Atar Murat , Öngel Banu , Riedasch Henrik , Lippold Tim , Neudörfl Jörg , Sampedro Diego , Griesbeck Axel G. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe photophysical properties of fluorescent phthalimides with thioether groups directly connected to the chromophore or separated by alkyl spacers, respectively, were studied. Intermolecular fluorescence quenching by electron transfer from dimethylsulfide to the 4,5‐dimethoxy phthalimide (DMPht) model compound 6 is dynamic and fast. The fluorescence properties of 6 and the remote C5‐spaced thioether derivative 5 are nearly identical. In compounds 1–4 with shorter spacer lengths, fluorescence quenching is strong for C2 and C3‐spaced 2 and 3 and less pronounced for C1‐ and C4‐spaced compounds 1 and 4, mapping the conformational landscape of these molecules. The o‐,m‐,p‐substituted N‐(thiomethyl)benzyl DMPht 7 are almost non‐fluorescent which correlates very well with the intermolecular thioanisole fluorescence quenching of 6. In contrast, the 3‐ and 4‐thiomethyl phthalimides 8 and 9 show divergent fluorescence that is also rationalized by DFT calculation results. The fluorescence properties can be switched by oxidation of the thioethers to sulfoxides with H2O2 or 1O2 (off→on for 1,4,7 and on→off for 9). Further functionalized molecules that were based on the model compounds are the sulfur‐containing amino acid methionine derivative 10, dipeptides 11 a,b, and S‐alkylated cysteine derivatives 12 to 14 a–d with strong side‐chain‐dependent fluorescence.
Antiviral effects of a niobium‐substituted heteropolytungstate on hepatitis B virus‐transgenic mice
Authors: Li Qingmei , Zhang Hong , Qi Yanfei , Wang Juan , Li Juan , Niu Junqi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTo study the efficacy of a polyoxometalate, Cs2K4Na[SiW9Nb3O40]·H2O, as an antiviral treatment in HBV transgenic mice. HBV transgenic mice were treated with Cs2K4Na[SiW9Nb3O40]·H2O by intragastric administration. Adefovir and distilled water were administered as controls. Serum HBV DNA, liver HBV RNA levels were measured by quantitative RT‐PCR. Serum HBsAg levels were measured by ELISA. The hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) in liver cells was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Pathological changes in the liver tissues were also observed by light and electron microscopy. Cs2K4Na[SiW9Nb3O40]·H2O significantly decreased serum HBsAg and HBV DNA levels. Cs2K4Na[SiW9Nb3O40]·H2O resulted in a 98% decrease in serum HBV DNA at 28 days, from 4.3 log10 copies/ml at baseline to 2.5 log10 copies/ml after treatment, and the inhibition rate of HBV DNA was higher than ADV at the same dose. The HBV replication levels in each group slightly increased at 7 days after withdrawal, but rebounded slightly more in the Cs2K4Na[SiW9Nb3O40]·H2O treatment group compared to the H2O control group (p < .05). There were no differences in HBV RNA levels. No significant differences were observed in the pathology, but there were decreased HBsAg levels in the Cs2K4Na[SiW9Nb3O40]·H2O‐treated group compared to the control group. The results demonstrated that Cs2K4Na[SiW9Nb3O40]·H2O displayed potent anti‐HBV activity in HBV transgenic mice and supported for future clinic study.
Toxicity of Agrochemicals Among Larval Painted Lady Butterflies (Vanessa cardui)
Authors: Peterson Eric M. , Shaw Katherine R. , Smith Philip N. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In the Southern High Plains of the United States, beef cattle feed yards and row crop agriculture are predominant sources of agrochemical usage. Beef cattle feed yards use large quantities of veterinary pharmaceuticals to promote cattle growth and health, along with insecticides to control insect pests, whereas row crop-based agriculture relies on herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides to increase yields. Previous studies have documented the occurrence of agrochemicals beyond feed yard and row crop agriculture boundaries in uncultivated, marginal areas, raising concern that migratory pollinators and pollinators indigenous to the Southern High Plains frequenting these remaining habitat corridors may become exposed to toxic agrochemicals. Larvae of the painted lady butterfly (Vanessa cardui) were used to investigate the potential toxicity of agrochemicals used on feed yards and in row crop agriculture among pollinators. Moxidectin, an antiparasiticide used on beef cattle feed yards, was determined to be extremely toxic to V. cardui larvae, with a lethal dose at which 50% of larvae died of 2.1 ± 0.1 ng/g. Pyraclostrobin, clothianidin, and permethrin all delayed V. cardui development. However, moxidectin was the only chemical that produced significant toxic effects at environmentally relevant concentrations. These results indicate that agrochemicals originating from feed yards have the potential to adversely impact the development of pollinator larvae occurring in the Southern High Plains. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2629–2636. © 2019 SETAC
Abstract
Painted lady larvae exposed to agrochemicals commonly detected on wildflowers on the Southern High Plains demonstrated developmental delays, lowered mass as adults, and death.
The relationship between dietary micronutrients intake and cognition test performance among school‐aged children in government‐owned primary schools in Kumasi metropolis, Ghana
Authors: Annan Reginald Adjetey , Apprey Charles , Asamoah‐Boakye Odeafo , Okonogi Satoru , Yamauchi Taro , Sakurai Takeshi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNutrients are critical for optimal brain development, and good nutritional status is associated with cognitive development and improvement. The relationship between micronutrients intake and cognition in Ghanaian school‐aged children has not been studied. The study investigated dietary intakes of micronutrients and cognition test performance of school‐aged children. A cross‐sectional study was undertaken among 438 school children, aged 9–13 years from ten randomly selected basic schools in Kumasi, Ghana. Socio‐demographic data were obtained from a structured questionnaire. Dietary intakes of iron, zinc, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin A were determined from repeated 24‐hr dietary recall data from 351 children, while cognition test was performed using a Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices (RCPM), a 36‐question test. Among 351 children, 156 (44.4%) had inadequate zinc intake, whereas 96 (27.4%) had inadequate iron intake. More than 1 in 2 children had inadequate vitamin A intake while 55.8% and 53.0% had inadequate vitamin B12 and folate intakes, respectively. More school‐aged boys (66.3%) than girls (46.8%) had inadequate vitamin B12 intake (χ2 = 13.393, p < .001), while for iron, folate, vitamin B6, zinc, and vitamin A, the differences were not significant. Mean RCPM test score differed significantly between school type (p < .001), but did not differ between the different ages, and between children with adequate and inadequate iron, zinc, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, and vitamin A intakes, except for folate intake (p = .050). Weak positive significant associations were observed between RCPM test score and zinc and folate intakes (p = .050). Dietary micronutrient intakes were inadequate in majority of these children, which put them at risk of weakened immune system and poor health, but did not show significant associations with RCPM performance. Further studies using other forms of cognition tests may help confirm our findings, and provide the impetus for the necessary interventions.
A minimally‐invasive cryogel based approach for the development of human ectopic liver in a mouse model
Authors: Kumari Jyoti , Teotia Arun K. , Karande Anjali A. , Kumar Ashok 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHuman liver tissue is preferable over nonhuman liver tissue for preclinical drug screening, as the former can better predict side effects specific to humans. However, due to limited supply and ethical issues with human liver tissue, it is desirable to develop an animal model having functional human liver tissue. In this study, we have established an ectopic functional human liver tissue in a mouse model, using a minimally‐invasive method. Firstly, a human liver tissue mass using HepG2 cells and poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) incorporated poly(ethylene glycol)‐alginate‐gelatin (PAG) cryogel matrix was developed in vitro. It was later implanted in mouse peritoneal cavity using a 16 G needle. Viscoelastic nature along with low Young's modulus provided injectable properties to the cryogel. We confirmed minimal cell loss/death while injecting. Further, by in vivo study efficacy of both injectable and surgical implantation approaches were compared. No significant difference in terms of cell infiltration, human serum albumin (HSA) secretion and enzyme activity confirmed efficacy. This model developed using a minimally‐invasive approach can overcome the limitations of surgical implantation due to its cost effective and user friendly nature.
Artificial Intelligence in Musculoskeletal Imaging: A Paradigm Shift
Authors: Burns Joseph E , Yao Jianhua , Summers Ronald M 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Artificial intelligence is upending many of our assumptions about the ability of computers to detect and diagnose diseases on medical images. Deep learning, a recent innovation in artificial intelligence, has shown the ability to interpret medical images with sensitivities and specificities at or near that of skilled clinicians for some applications. In this review, we summarize the history of artificial intelligence, present some recent research advances, and speculate about the potential revolutionary clinical impact of the latest computer techniques for bone and muscle imaging. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. Published 2019. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Combined impact of Greenland sea ice, Eurasian snow, and El Niño–Southern Oscillation on Indian and Korean summer monsoons
Authors: Kim In‐Won , Prabhu Amita , Oh Jaiho , Kripalani Ramesh H. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe combined impact of Greenland sea ice, Eurasian snow, and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the out‐of‐phase relationship between the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) and Korean summer monsoon (KSM) were investigated through numerical experiments. The results revealed that Indian and Korean summer rainfalls showed nonlinear responses to ENSO and Greenland sea ice forcing when the events co‐occurred. Above‐normal Greenland sea ice and a concurrent La Niña showed a distinct in‐phase relationship with ISM and out‐of‐phase relationship with KSM. Below‐normal and above‐normal Greenland sea ice during boreal autumn surrounded the Greenland region with anomalous low pressure and high pressure, respectively. These were associated with a barotropic +west/−east or –west/+east dipole pattern, respectively, over Eurasia during the subsequent winter and spring seasons. Furthermore, these patterns led to positive and negative snow depth anomalies, respectively, over western Eurasia and the opposite snow tendency over eastern Eurasia during the subsequent spring. This variability in Eurasian snow patterns may play a crucial role in ISM and KSM. The co‐occurrence of ENSO variability also generates high‐ and low‐pressure anomaly patterns over the Indian Ocean that may be related to unfavourable or favourable ISM, respectively, while influencing the negative or positive phases of a Pacific Japan (PJ)‐like teleconnection pattern that may be related to unfavourable or favourable KSM, respectively. Therefore, coexisting ENSO forcing may play a dominant role in ISM and KSM, but Greenland sea ice forcing and Eurasian snow variation intensify the out‐of‐phase relationship between ISM and KSM.
Ibuprofen‐induced intra‐oral fixed drug eruption
Authors: Sai Pawan A. R. , Swamy V. H. T. , Mothi S. N. , Yashaswini Y. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundIbuprofen is commonly used in many countries to relieve pain from various conditions, such as headache, dental pain, menstrual cramps, muscle aches or arthritis. However, it has been reported that ibuprofen can have deleterious and unpredictable side effects at both therapeutic and toxic doses. Herein we report a case of an ibuprofen‐induced fixed drug eruption (FDE).Clinical detailsA 35‐year‐old female underwent surgery for anal fissures at a secondary care hospital in India. After surgery, the patient was prescribed ibuprofen 400 mg, t.i.d., for 7 days. On Day 3, the patient complained of a burning sensation, discoloration of the lips and ulcers in the oral cavity. Based on the presenting signs and symptoms, she was diagnosed as experiencing an ibuprofen‐induced FDE.OutcomeSymptoms improved significantly after withdrawal of ibuprofen. The patient was treated with intravenous fluids, prednisolone 40 mg oral tablets and levocetirizine 20 mg. A causality assessment of the reaction was undertaken, indicating a probable relationship between the patient's symptoms and her use of ibuprofen.ConclusionThis report highlights the importance of regular monitoring for adverse drug reactions due to ibuprofen because it is likely to cause an FDE.
Late Pleistocene Eifel eruptions: insights from clinopyroxene and glass geochemistry of tephra layers from Eifel Laminated Sediment Archive sediment cores
Authors: Förster Michael W. , Zemlitskaya Anastasia , Otter Laura M. , Buhre Stephan , Sirocko Frank 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTThe Eifel Laminated Sediment Archive (ELSA), which comprises several cores from maar lakes, includes numerous tephra layers spanning the last 140 000 years. The sediment cores are dated by 14C and thermoluminescence as well as tuned to Greenland stadial–interstadial successions. Within the last glacial cycle, the Eifel Volcanic Fields are source to several widespread tephra layers, namely the Laacher See, Eltville, Rambach and Rocourt Tephra. However, a corresponding source volcano was so far only identified for the Laacher See Tephra. In this study we use glass and clinopyroxene geochemistry to link the remaining tephra layers to possible eruption centers within the West and East Eifel Volcanic Fields: while we demonstrate that the Eltville Tephra originated from an earlier eruption of the Laacher See Volcano at 24 300 a bp from within the East Eifel Volcanic Field, the Rambach and Rocourt Tephras are sourced from the West Eifel Volcanic Field and erupted from Wartgesberg at 27 900 a bp and Pulvermaar at 75 000 a bp, respectively. Phases of volcanic activity peaked at 10 000–30 000 and 60 000–80 000 a bp and were thus erupted around the temperature minima of the last glacial cycle. The longest phase of dormancy between individual vents was around 30 000 years long, within the last interglacial.
Prognostic factors influencing survival in small bowel neuroendocrine tumor with liver metastases
Authors: Manguso Nicholas , Nissen Nicholas , Hendifar Andrew , Harit Attiya , Mirocha James , Friedman Marc , Lipshutz H. Gabriel , Amersi Farin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundResection of liver metastasis in small bowel neuroendocrine tumors (SBNET) may improve survival, however, factors influencing prognosis are unclear. We evaluated how the extent of resection influences outcomes.MethodsPatients with SBNET with liver metastasis from 1990 to 2013 who underwent resection of the primary tumor were identified. Outcomes among patients undergoing complete resection (CR), partial resection (PR), or no resection (NR) of liver metastases with resection of the primary tumor only were compared.ResultsOne hundred eleven patients met the criteria. The median number of liver lesions was seven and median lesions resected was one. Fifty (45%) patients had NR, 41 (36.9%) underwent CR, and 20 (18.1%) underwent PR. The 5‐year overall survival (OS) was 79.4% for NR, 84.7% for PR, and 100% for CR, demonstrating a trend that CR was best, followed by PR then NR (P = .02). 10‐year OS showed no significant differences (72.7% NR; 84.7% PR; 82.5% CR; P = .10). Greater than 10 liver lesions (hazard ratio [HR] 3.6; P = 0.04) or receiving chemotherapy (HR 3.7; P = .03) were negative predictors of survival.ConclusionThe extent of resection of liver disease in SBNET influenced survival at 5 years but not at 10 years. In addition, more than 10 liver lesions and chemotherapy were predictors of mortality.