bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observations of a Kinetic‐Scale Magnetic Hole in a Reconnection Diffusion Region
Authors: Zhong Z. H. , Zhou M. , Huang S. Y. , Tang R. X. , Deng X. H. , Pang Y. , Chen H. T. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMagnetic holes have been widely observed in various space plasma systems. The origin of magnetic holes and their influence to background plasma are under debate. In this paper, we show a kinetic‐scale electron vortex magnetic hole in a nonideal region of an active X line, which was observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission at the dayside magnetopause. Intense current and nonideal electric field in the electron frame were observed within the magnetic hole, which led to a strong energy dissipation. Thus, the electron vortex magnetic hole probably provided an additional energy dissipation channel besides the electron diffusion region adjacent to the hole. We suggest that magnetic reconnection provided favorable conditions for the formation of this kinetic‐scale magnetic hole and is an important source of magnetic holes in space plasma.
How Does Radiation Code Accuracy Matter?
Authors: Huang Yi , Wang Yuwei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe accuracy of radiation calculations matters for climate simulations. Radiation code assessments typically validate such quantities as radiative fluxes and heating rates. However, it is not clear how these quantities or their uncertainties affect climate sensitivity—the extent of warming driven by the CO2 radiative forcing. Here, we assess the temperature response uncertainty by comparing simulations based on parameterized radiation codes to that based on a benchmark line‐by‐line model, in an idealized global warming (quadrupling CO2) experiment. We present an idea to quantitatively relate the radiative quantities to equilibrium temperature response. We find that when the temperature change is solely driven by the radiative process (a pure radiative adjustment), the temperature change and its uncertainty can be well diagnosed by the proposed method. Under this situation, the temperature response uncertainty is found to result from the uncertainties in both CO2 forcing and the radiative Jacobians. This calls into attention the importance of Jacobians in the radiation code intercomparison and validation. When the temperature change is driven by both radiation and convection (a radiative‐convective adjustment), the temperature change can no longer be predicted by a simple diagnostic equation. Nevertheless, the validation against the benchmark simulation provides an estimate of the temperature response errors that may be attributed to radiation code inaccuracy. We find that such errors may reach several 10th° Kelvin for surface temperature and more than 1° Kelvin for atmospheric temperatures.
Demonstrating the Impact of Colocated Behavioral Health in Pediatric Primary Care
Authors: Valleley Rachel J. , Meadows Tawnya J. , Burt Jennifer , Menousek Kathryn , Hembree Kristen , Evans Joseph , Gathje Rebecca , Kupzyk Kevin , Sevecke Jessica R. , Lancaster Blake 
Published: June 2019

Objective: It is critical to address the behavioral health (BH) needs of youth given the high prevalence of diagnosable BH concerns prior to age 18 and the barriers for accessing BH services. To improve access, integration of BH services with primary care is increasing. The colocated model is one proposed method for increasing access to BH services for children. The current study sought to provide demonstration data for colocated BH services within the pediatric medical home. Method: A retrospective review of 694 new BH patient charts ranging from 1–18 years from 9 primary care clinics across three states participated. Data on number of sessions attended with a BH provider, report of homework completion (where relevant), clinician rating of adherence, and improvement ratings were collected. Results: Across all sites, 85% of referred patients attended their first appointment, and 84% of patients showed improvement over a 6-month period. Conclusions: This study is among the first to provide outcome data demonstrating the effectiveness of the colocated model for delivering BH services in primary care. Data provide information on the relationship between patient outcomes and adherence to recommendations delivered during colocated BH treatment. High attendance rates at initial appointment and overall improvement ratings were observed, suggesting the colocated BH model is a feasible model to improve access and outcomes in pediatric BH services. Implications for Impact Statement This study is one of the first real world applications of a colocated model of pediatric integrated primary care. The data indicate that families showed up for visits and children had improvement in behavioral health symptoms.
Seeking active RubisCOs from the currently uncultured microbial majority colonizing deep-sea hydrothermal vent environments
Authors: Böhnke Stefanie , Perner Mirjam 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Almost all the inorganic carbon on Earth is converted into biomass via the Calvin–Benson–Bassham (CBB) cycle. Here, the central carboxylation reaction is catalyzed by ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO), which can be found in numerous primary producers including plants, algae, cyanobacteria, and many autotrophic bacteria. Although RubisCO possesses a crucial role in global biomass production, it is not a perfect catalyst. Therefore, research interest persists on accessing the full potential of yet unexplored RubisCOs. We recently developed an activity-based screen suited to seek active recombinant RubisCOs from the environment—independent of the native host’s culturability. Here, we applied this screen to twenty pre-selected genomic fosmid clones from six cultured proteobacteria to demonstrate that a broad range of phylogenetically distinct RubisCOs can be targeted. We then screened 12,500 metagenomic fosmid clones from six distinct hydrothermal vents and identified forty active RubisCOs. Additional sequence-based screening uncovered eight further RubisCOs, which could then also be detected by a modified version of the screen. Seven were active form III RubisCOs from yet uncultured Archaea. This indicates the potential of the activity-based screen to detect RubisCO enzymes even from organisms that would not be expected to be targeted.
Spaced training improves learning in Ts65Dn and Ube3a mouse models of intellectual disabilities
Authors: Lauterborn J. C. , Schultz M. N. , Le A. A. , Amani M. , Friedman A. E. , Leach P. T. , Gall C. M. , Lynch G. S. , Crawley J. N. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBenefits of distributed learning strategies have been extensively described in the human literature, but minimally investigated in intellectual disability syndromes. We tested the hypothesis that training trials spaced apart in time could improve learning in two distinct genetic mouse models of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by intellectual impairments. As compared to training with massed trials, spaced training significantly improved learning in both the Ts65Dn trisomy mouse model of Down syndrome and the maternally inheritedUbe3amutant mouse model of Angelman syndrome. Spacing the training trials at 1 h intervals accelerated acquisition of three cognitive tasks by Ts65Dn mice: (1) object location memory, (2) novel object recognition, (3) water maze spatial learning. Further, (4) spaced training improved water maze spatial learning byUbe3amice. In contrast, (5) cerebellar-mediated rotarod motor learning was not improved by spaced training. Corroborations in three assays, conducted in two model systems, replicated within and across two laboratories, confirm the strength of the findings. Our results indicate strong translational relevance of a behavioral intervention strategy for improving the standard of care in treating the learning difficulties that are characteristic and clinically intractable features of many neurodevelopmental disorders.
Rif1 S-acylation mediates DNA double-strand break repair at the inner nuclear membrane
Authors: Fontana Gabriele A. , Hess Daniel , Reinert Julia K. , Mattarocci Stefano , Falquet Benoît , Klein Dominique , Shore David , Thomä Nicolas H. , Rass Ulrich 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRif1 is involved in telomere homeostasis, DNA replication timing, and DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair pathway choice from yeast to human. The molecular mechanisms that enable Rif1 to fulfill its diverse roles remain to be determined. Here, we demonstrate that Rif1 is S-acylated within its conserved N-terminal domain at cysteine residues C466 and C473 by the DHHC family palmitoyl acyltransferase Pfa4. Rif1 S-acylation facilitates the accumulation of Rif1 at DSBs, the attenuation of DNA end-resection, and DSB repair by non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). These findings identify S-acylation as a posttranslational modification regulating DNA repair. S-acylated Rif1 mounts a localized DNA-damage response proximal to the inner nuclear membrane, revealing a mechanism of compartmentalized DSB repair pathway choice by sequestration of a fatty acylated repair factor at the inner nuclear membrane.
Intensification in pastoralist cereal use coincides with the expansion of trans-regional networks in the Eurasian Steppe
Authors: Ventresca Miller Alicia R. , Makarewicz Cheryl A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe pace of transmission of domesticated cereals, including millet from China as well as wheat and barley from southwest Asia, throughout the vast pastoralist landscapes of the Eurasian Steppe (ES) is unclear. The rich monumental record of the ES preserves abundant human remains that provide a temporally deep and spatially broad record of pastoralist dietary intake. Calibration of human δ13C and δ15N values against isotope ratios derived from co-occurring livestock distinguish pastoralist consumption of millet from the products of livestock and, in some regions, identify a considerable reliance by pastoralists on C3 crops. We suggest that the adoption of millet was initially sporadic and consumed at low intensities during the Bronze Age, with the low-level consumption of millet possibly taking place in the Minusinsk Basin perhaps as early as the late third millennium cal BC. Starting in the mid-second millennium cal BC, millet consumption intensified dramatically throughout the ES with the exception of both the Mongolian steppe where millet uptake was strongly delayed until the end of first millennium cal BC and the Trans-Urals where instead barley or wheat gained dietary prominence. The emergence of complex, trans-regional political networks likely facilitated the rapid transfer of cultivars across the steppe during the transition to the Iron Age.
Analysis of the geometric phase for a nanowire-bridged superconducting Fabry-Perot resonator
Authors: Choi Jeong Ryeol , Ju Sanghyun 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe geometric phases of a nanowire-bridged superconducting Fabry-Perot resonator subjected to a microwave transmission have been investigated through its modelling into a RLC-circuit. Because the Hamiltonian of the system is a somewhat complicated form, special mathematical techniques, such as the invariant operator method and the unitary transformation approach, have been adopted in order to treat the system; These methods are very useful for managing complicated time-dependent Hamiltonian systems. We have rigorously evaluated the analytical geometric phases in both the Fock and coherent states. Typically, the geometric phases oscillate and the amplitude of such oscillations tend to grow over time. The influence of parameters of the system on the geometric phases has been analyzed in detail through the relevant illustrations. From our research, the concept of geometric phases and associated quantum mechanical characters of the system has been clarified. Our investigation for the geometric phases is useful for understanding topological features of the system, that take place through the evolution of the wave functions.
Microbial community structure of soils in Bamenwan mangrove wetland
Authors: Liu Min , Huang Huiqin , Bao Shixiang , Tong Yuhe 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMicrobial community diversity and composition are important for the maintenance of mangrove ecosystem. Bacterial and archaeal community composition of the Bamenwan Mangrove Wetland soil in Hainan, China, was determined using pyrosequencing technique. Bacterial community composition presented differences among the five soil samples. Rhizobiales with higher abundance were observed in inner mangrove forest samples, while Desulfobacterales were in the seaward edge samples, and Frankiales, Gaiellales and Rhodospirillales in the landedge sample. For archaea, Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota dominated in five samples, but the proportion in each samples were different. Dominant archaeal community composition at the order level was similar in the seaward edge samples. The dominant archaeal clusters in the two inner mangrove forest samples were different, with Soil Crenarchaeotic Group (SCG) and Halobacteriales in sample inside of Bruguiera sexangula forest and SCG, Methanosarcinales and Marine Benthic Group B (MBGB) in sample inside of Xylocarpus mekongensis forest. The dominant archaeal clusters in land sample were unique, with Terrestrial Group and South African Gold Mine Group 1. The metabolic pathways including metabolism, genetic information processing, environmental information processing, cellular processes, organismal systems and human diseases were all detected for bacterial and archaeal functional profiles, but metabolic potentials among five samples were different.
First-principles study of the complex magnetism in Fe16N2
Authors: Bhattacharjee Satadeep , Lee Seung-Cheol 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMagnetic exchange interactions in pure and vanadium (V)-doped Fe16N2 are studied within the framework of density functional theory (DFT). The Curie temperatures were obtained via both mean field approximation (MFA) and Monte Carlo (MC) calculations based on interactions that were obtained through DFT. The Curie temperature (TC) for pure Fe16N2 that was obtained under MFA is substantially larger than the experimental value, suggesting the importance of thermal fluctuations. At zero field, the calculated magnetic susceptibility shows a sharp peak at T = TC that corresponds to the presence of localized d-states. From the nature of the exchange interactions, we have determined the reason for the occurrence of the giant magnetic moment in this material, which remained a mystery for decades. Finally, we posit that Fe16N2 can also act as a satisfactory spin injector for III–V semiconductors, in addition to its application as a permanent magnet, since it has very high spin polarization (compared to elemental ferromagnets) and smaller lattice mismatch (compared to half-metallic Heusler alloys) with conventional III–V semiconductors such as GaAs and InGaAs. We demonstrate this application in the case of Fe16N2(001)/InGaAs(001) hetero-structures, which exhibit substantial spin polarization in the semiconductor (InGaAs) region. PACS number: 82.65.My, 82.20.Pm, 82.30.Lp, 82.65.Jv.
Conjunctival dysbiosis in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma
Authors: Asao Kazunobu , Hashida Noriyasu , Ando Satoru , Motooka Daisuke , Kurakami Hiroyuki , Nakamura Shota , Yamashita Daisuke , Maruyama Kazuichi , Kawasaki Satoshi , Yamada Tomomi , Iida Tetsuya , Nishida Kohji 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTo investigate the conjunctival microbiota and the association between the development of conjunctival mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma and dysbiosis, DNA samples were collected from 25 conjunctival MALT lymphoma patients and 25 healthy controls. To compare the microbiota, samples were collected from the following four body locations: conjunctiva, meibomian gland, periocular skin and hand. Extracted DNA was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequences, and libraries were sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq sequencer. The differences in bacteria were characterized by using principal coordinate analysis of metagenomics data, and the differences in bacterial compositions were evaluated by linear discriminant analysis effect size. The conjunctival microbiota of MALT lymphoma patients was compositionally different from that of healthy controls. For the conjunctival MALT lymphoma patients, alterations in the microbial composition were detected, and a remarkable change was detected at the conjunctiva. Detailed analysis showed that a specific population of the microbiota, the genus Delftia, was significantly more abundant in conjunctival MALT lymphoma patients, and the genera Bacteroides and Clostridium were less abundant in the MALT lymphoma patients. A specific microbiota on the ocular surface in conjunctival MALT lymphoma patients was detected, and dysbiosis may play an important role in the pathophysiology of conjunctival MALT lymphoma.
FimH-based display of functional eukaryotic proteins on bacteria surfaces
Authors: Chmielewski Markus , Kuehle Johannes , Chrobok Danuta , Riet Nicole , Hallek Michael , Abken Hinrich 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe demand for recombinant proteins for analytic and therapeutic purposes is increasing; however, most currently used bacterial production systems accumulate the recombinant proteins in the intracellular space, which requires denaturating procedures for harvesting and functional testing. We here present a novel FimH-based expression system that enables display of fully functional eukaryotic proteins while preventing technical difficulties in translocating, folding, stabilizing and isolating the displayed proteins. As examples, Gaussia Luciferase (GLuc), epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α) and epiregulin (EPRG) were expressed as FimH fusion proteins on the surface of E. coli bacteria. The fusion proteins were functionally active and could be released from the bacterial surface by specific proteolytic cleavage into the culture supernatant allowing harvesting of the produced proteins. EGFR ligands, produced as FimH fusion proteins and released by proteolytic cleavage, bound to the EGF receptor (EGFR) on cancer cells inducing EGFR phosphorylation. In another application of the technology, GLuc-FimH expressed on the surface of bacteria was used to track tumor-infiltrating bacteria by bioluminescence imaging upon application to mice, thereby visualizing the colonization of transplanted tumors. The examples indicate that the FimH-fusion protein technology can be used in various applications that require functionally active proteins to be displayed on bacterial surfaces or released into the culture supernatant.
A spectral survey of an ultra-hot Jupiter
Authors: Hoeijmakers H. J. , Ehrenreich D. , Kitzmann D. , Allart R. , Grimm S. L. , Seidel J. V. , Wyttenbach A. , Pino L. , Nielsen L. D. , Fisher C. , Rimmer P. B. , Bourrier V. , Cegla H. M. , Lavie B. , Lovis C. , Patzer A. B. C. , Stock J. W. , Pepe F. A. , Heng Kevin 
Published: June 2019

Context. KELT-9 b exemplifies a newly emerging class of short-period gaseous exoplanets that tend to orbit hot, early type stars – termed ultra-hot Jupiters. The severe stellar irradiation heats their atmospheres to temperatures of ~4000 K, similar to temperatures of photospheres of dwarf stars. Due to the absence of aerosols and complex molecular chemistry at such temperatures, these planets offer the potential of detailed chemical characterization through transit and day-side spectroscopy. Detailed studies of their chemical inventories may provide crucial constraints on their formation process(es) and evolution history.
Aims. We aim to search the optical transmission spectrum of KELT-9 b for absorption lines by metals using the cross-correlation technique.
Methods. We analysed two transit observations obtained with the HARPS-N spectrograph. We used an isothermal equilibrium chemistry model to predict the transmission spectrum for each of the neutral and singly ionized atoms with atomic numbers between three and 78. Of these, we identified the elements that are expected to have spectral lines in the visible wavelength range and used those as cross-correlation templates.
Results. We detect (>5σ) absorption by Na I, Cr II, Sc II and Y II, and confirm previous detections of Mg I, Fe I, Fe II, and Ti II. In addition, we find evidence of Ca I, Cr I, Co I, and Sr II that will require further observations to verify. The detected absorption lines are significantly deeper than predicted by our model, suggesting that the material is transported to higher altitudes where the density is enhanced compared to a hydrostatic profile, and that the material is part of an extended or outflowing envelope. There appears to be no significant blue-shift of the absorption spectrum due to a net day-to-night side wind. In particular, the strong Fe II feature is shifted by 0.18 ± 0.27 km s−1, consistent with zero. Using the orbital velocity of the planet we derive revised masses and radii of the star and the planet: M* = 1.978 ± 0.023 M⊙, R* = 2.178 ± 0.011 R⊙, mp = 2.44 ± 0.70 MJ and Rp = 1.783 ± 0.009 RJ.
Frequency of and Risk Factors for Chronification in Traumatic Acute Subdural Hematoma following Conservative Therapy
Authors: Kaestner Stefanie , van den Boom Marina , Deinsberger Wolfgang 
Published: June 2019

Background In an aging society, traumatic head injuries, such as acute subdural hematomas (aSDHs), are increasingly common because the elderly are prone to falls and are often undergoing anticoagulation treatment. Especially in advanced age, cranial surgery such as craniotomies may put patients in further jeopardy. But if treatment is conservative, a chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) may develop, requiring surgical evacuation. Existing studies have reported a correlation between several risk factors contributing to the frequency of chronification. To improve the prediction of the course of disease and to aid counseling patients and relatives, this study aimed to determine the frequency and the main risk factors influencing the process of chronification of an aSDH following conservative treatment.
Methods We identified patients presenting between January 2012 and September 2017 at our neurosurgical department with an aSDH. All patients treated conservatively were selected retrospectively, and the following parameters were documented: age, sex, chronification status, Glasgow Coma Scale score on admission and discharge, hematoma thickness and density, the degree of midline shift (MLS), prior anticoagulants and administration of procoagulants, thrombosis management, other coagulopathies, initial length of hospital stay, interval between discharge and readmission, and interval between initial injury and date of surgery and last follow-up. The cohort was divided into patients with complete resolution of their aSDH, and patients who needed surgery due to chronification.
Results A total of 75 conservatively treated patients with aSDH were included. A chronification was observed in 24 cases (32%). The process of chronification takes an average of 18 days (range: 10–98 days). The following factors were significantly associated with the process of chronification: age (p = 0.001), anticoagulant medication (acetylsalicylic acid [ASA], Coumadin, and novel anticoagulants [NOACs]) before injury (p = 0.026), administration of procoagulants (p = 0.001), presence of other coagulopathies such as thrombocytopenia (p = 0.002), low hematoma density at discharge (p = 0.001), hematoma thickness on admission and discharge (p = 0.001), and the degree of MLS (p = 0.044).
Conclusion Chronification occurred in a third of all patients with conservatively treated aSDH, on average within 3 weeks. The probability of developing a cSDH is 0.96 times higher with every yearly increase in age, resulting in 56% chronification in patients ≥ 70 years. Hematoma thickness and impairment of the coagulation system such as anticoagulant medication (ASA, Coumadin, and NOACs) or thrombocytopenia are further risk factors for chronification.