bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using general practice data to monitor influenza vaccination coverage in the medically at risk: a data linkage study
Authors: Badmus Dauda , Menzies Robert 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveTo examine the possibility of using data from a network of Australian General Practices (GPs) to estimate influenza vaccination coverage in Australians medically at risk.DesignData electronically extracted from a large national network of Australian GP clinics (MedicineInsight) was analysed for annual influenza vaccination coverage from 2008 to 2014. We compared the results with the 2009 and 2014 Adult Vaccination Survey. We adjusted for differences in the distribution of age, risk groups and provider types.SettingAll states in Australia.ParticipantsGPs participating in MedicineInsight programme.InterventionsNot applicable.Main outcome measuresAnnual vaccination coverage across risk groups as recorded in Adult Vaccination Survey in 2009 and 2014 were compared with vaccination coverage in MedicineInsight. The impact of National Immunisation Programme expansion of free vaccine in 2010 to cover patients aged <65 years with medical risk factors.ResultsThe proportion of MedicineInsight patients aged ≥18 years and diagnosed with medical risk factors was higher in 2014 (33.2%), compared with the AVS in 2009 (25%). In 2009, influenza vaccination coverage estimates for those aged 18–64 years with medical risk factors was lower for MedicineInsight patients compared with the AVS (26% vs 36%). There was no evidence of any change in coverage between 2008 and 2014, despite the vaccine being available free of charge to this group from 2010.ConclusionGeneral practice databases have the potential to help fill the gap in vaccination coverage data in patients with medical risk factors.
Complex interaction of obesity, intentional weight loss and heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mahajan Rajiv , Stokes Michael , Elliott Adrian , Munawar Dian A , Khokhar Kashif B , Thiyagarajah Anand , Hendriks Jeroen , Linz Dominik , Gallagher Celine , Kaye David , Lau Dennis , Sanders Prashanthan 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveThe aim of the meta-analysis was to determine the association of obesity and heart failure (HF) and the cardiac impact of intentional weight loss following bariatric surgery on cardiac structure and myocardial function in obese subjects.MethodsMEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science were searched up to 3 April 2018. Studies reporting association and prognostic impact of obesity in HF and the impact of intentional weight loss following bariatric surgery on cardiac structure and myocardial function in obesity were included in the meta-analysis.Results4959 citations were reviewed. After exclusions, 29 studies were analysed. A ‘J curve’ relationship was observed between body mass index (BMI) and risk of HF with maximum risk in the morbidly obese (1.73 (95% CI 1.30 to 2.31), p<0.001, n=11). Although ‘obesity paradox’ was observed for all-cause mortality, the overweight group was associated with lower cardiovascular (CV) mortality (OR=0.86 (95% CI 0.79 to 0.94), n=11) with no significant differences across other BMI groups. Intentional weight loss induced by bariatric surgery in obese patients (n=9) without established HF, atrial fibrillation or known coronary artery disease, was associated with a reduction in left ventricular mass index (p<0.0001), improvement in left ventricular diastolic function (p≤0.0001) and a reduction in left atrial size (p=0.02).ConclusionsDespite the increased risk of HF with obesity, an ‘obesity paradox’ is observed for all-cause mortality. However, the nadir for CV mortality is observed in the overweight group. Importantly, intentional weight loss was associated with improvement in indices of cardiac structure and myocardial function in obese patients.Trial registration numberAPP 74412.
Effect of vitamin D on serum markers of bone turnover in SLE in a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Tedeschi Sara K. , Aranow Cynthia , Kamen Diane L. , LeBoff Meryl , Diamond Betty , Costenbader Karen H. 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveBone health in SLE is adversely affected by vitamin D deficiency, inflammatory cytokines and glucocorticoid use. We hypothesised that vitamin D supplementation would increase markers of bone formation and decrease markers of bone resorption in SLE subjects.MethodsWe studied 43 vitamin D-deficient SLE subjects who participated in a 12-week randomised controlled trial of 2000–4000 IU/day vitamin D supplementation versus placebo. Subjects had inactive SLE (SLE Disease Activity Index ≤4) and were taking <20 mg prednisone daily at baseline. We assayed baseline and week 12 serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, N-terminal propeptide of type 1 collagen (P1NP) and C-telopeptide (CTX). We tested the effect of vitamin D versus placebo on change (Δ) in P1NP and ΔCTX in an intention-to-treat analysis. Secondary analyses evaluated whether vitamin D affected bone turnover among subjects achieving vitamin D repletion (≥30 ng/mL) or currently taking glucocorticoids.Results28 subjects were randomised to vitamin D and 15 to placebo. Mean age was 39 years and 40% were using glucocorticoids at enrolment. Repletion was achieved by 46% in the vitamin D group versus none in the placebo group. Changes in bone turnover markers were not significantly different in the vitamin D group versus placebo group (median ΔP1NP −0.2 vitamin D group vs −1.1 placebo group (p=0.83); median ΔCTX +3.5 vitamin D group vs −37.0 placebo group (p=0.50)). The effect of vitamin D did not differ based on achieving vitamin D repletion or baseline glucocorticoid use.ConclusionVitamin D supplementation did not affect the 12-week change in bone turnover markers among SLE subjects in this trial.
Modified theory of gravity and clustering of multi-component system of galaxies
Authors: Hameeda Mir , Pourhassan Behnam , Faizal Mir , Masroor C. P. , Ansari Rizwan Ul Haq , Suresh P. K. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we analyze the clustering of galaxies using a modified theory of gravity, in which the field content of general relativity has been be increased. This increasing in the field content of general relativity changes the large distance behavior of the theory, and in weak field approximation, it will also modify the large distance behavior of Newtonian potential. So, we will analyzing the clustering of multi-component system of galaxies interacting through this modified Newtonian potential. We will obtain the partition function for this multi-component system, and study the thermodynamics of this system. So, we will analyze the effects of the large distance modification to the Newtonian potential on Helmholtz free energy, internal energy, entropy, pressure and chemical potential of this system. We obtain also the modified distribution function and the modified clustering parameter for this system, and hence observe the effect of large distance modification of Newtonian potential on clustering of galaxies.
Detailed internal structure and along-strike variability of the core of a plate boundary fault: the Highland Boundary fault, Scotland
Authors: McKay Lucy , Shipton Zoe K. , Lunn Rebecca J. , Andrews Billy , Raub Timothy D. , Boyce Adrian J. 
Published: September 2019

The Highland Boundary fault near Stonehaven, NE Scotland, provides a rare opportunity to study the internal fault structure of a well-exposed, along-strike section of an ancient plate boundary fault. As in many plate boundaries, serpentinite juxtaposes quartzo-feldspathic crustal rocks of distinct terranes. We report, for the first time, the complex internal structure of the Highland Boundary fault core, comprised of four structurally and chemically distinct clay-rich units that remain unmixed. Despite the evidence for internal strain, relatively intact clasts of wall rock and microfossils are preserved within the clay. The fault core clay minerology is consistent with a shallow, low-temperature authigenesis derived from shear-enhanced chemical reactions between wall rocks of contrasting chemistry during sinistral strike-slip. The observed structure is comparable to those of other major weak-cored plate boundaries (e.g. the San Andreas fault). Through detailed mapping, we demonstrate that the internal structure of a plate boundary fault core can vary in thickness and composition along-strike over centimetre- to metre-length scales.
Earthquake rupture mechanics critically depend on the physical properties of fault rock assemblages. Therefore, models that investigate rupture propagation at active plate boundaries should incorporate, or else assess tolerance and sensitivity to, variable fault core thickness and composition.

Supplementary material
: Further X-ray diffraction (XRD) analytical data are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4663640
Therapeutic Targeting of TGFβ Ligands in Glioblastoma Using Novel Antisense Oligonucleotides Reduces the Growth of Experimental Gliomas
Authors: Papachristodoulou Alexandros , Silginer Manuela , Weller Michael , Schneider Hannah , Hasenbach Kathy , Janicot Michel , Roth Patrick 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is expressed at high levels by glioma cells and contributes to the malignant phenotype of glioblastoma. However, its therapeutic targeting remains challenging. Here, we examined an alternative therapeutic approach of TGFβ inhibition using two novel phosphorothioate-locked nucleic acid (LNA)-modified antisense oligonucleotide gapmers, ISTH1047 and ISTH0047, which specifically target TGFβ1 and TGFβ2.

Experimental Design:
We characterized the effects of ISTH1047 and ISTH0047 on TGFβ1/2 expression, downstream signaling and growth of human LN-308, LN-229, and ZH-161 cells as well as murine SMA-560 glioma cells in vitro. Furthermore, we assessed their target inhibition and effects on survival in orthotopic xenogeneic and syngeneic rodent glioma models in vivo.

Results:
Both antisense oligonucleotides specifically silenced their corresponding target and abrogated SMAD2 phosphorylation in several glioma cell lines. Moreover, inhibition of TGFβ1 or TGFβ2 expression by ISTH1047 or ISTH0047 reduced the migration and invasiveness of LN-308 and SMA-560 glioma cells. Systemic antisense oligonucleotide administration to glioma-bearing mice suppressed TGFβ1 or TGFβ2 mRNA expression as well as the expression of the downstream target PAI-1 in orthotopic gliomas. Glioma-bearing mice had significantly prolonged survival upon systemic treatment with ISTH1047 or ISTH0047, which was associated with a reduction of intratumoral SMAD2 phosphorylation and, in a fully immunocompetent model, with increased immune cell infiltration.

Conclusions:
Targeting TGFβ expression with the novel LNA antisense oligonucleotides ISTH1047 or ISTH0047 results in strong antiglioma activity in vitro and in vivo, which may represent a promising approach to be examined in human patients with glioma.
Trabectedin Reveals a Strategy of Immunomodulation in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Banerjee Priyanka , Zhang Ronghua , Ivan Cristina , Galletti Giovanni , Clise-Dwyer Karen , Barbaglio Federica , Scarfò Lydia , Aracil Miguel , Klein Christian , Wierda William , Plunkett William , Caligaris-Cappio Federico , Gandhi Varsha , Keating Michael J. , Bertilaccio Maria Teresa S. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a B-cell neoplasia characterized by protumor immune dysregulation involving nonmalignant cells of the microenvironment, including T lymphocytes and tumor-associated myeloid cells. Although therapeutic agents have improved treatment options for CLL, many patients still fail to respond. Some patients also show immunosuppression. We have investigated trabectedin, a marine-derived compound with cytotoxic activity on macrophages in solid tumors. Here, we demonstrate that trabectedin induces apoptosis of human primary leukemic cells and also selected myeloid and lymphoid immunosuppressive cells, mainly through the TRAIL/TNF pathway. Trabectedin modulates transcription and translation of IL6, CCL2, and IFNα in myeloid cells and FOXP3 in regulatory T cells. Human memory CD8+ T cells downregulate PD-1 and, along with monocytes, exert in vivo antitumor function. In xenograft and immunocompetent CLL mouse models, trabectedin has antileukemic effects and antitumor impact on the myeloid and lymphoid cells compartment. It depletes myeloid-derived suppressor cells and tumor-associated macrophages and increases memory T cells. Trabectedin also blocks the PD-1/PD-L1 axis by targeting PD-L1+ CLL cells, PD-L1+ monocytes/macrophages, and PD-1+ T cells. Thus, trabectedin behaves as an immunomodulatory drug with potentially attractive therapeutic value in the subversion of the protumor microenvironment and in overcoming chemoimmune resistance.
LITAF (Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Tumor Necrosis Factor) Regulates Cardiac L-Type Calcium Channels by Modulating NEDD (Neural Precursor Cell Expressed Developmentally Downregulated Protein) 4-1 Ubiquitin Ligase
Authors: Moshal Karni S. , Roder Karim , Kabakov Anatoli Y. , Werdich Andreas A. , Chiang David Yi-Eng , Turan Nilüfer N. , Xie An , Kim Tae Yun , Cooper Leroy L. , Lu Yichun , Zhong Mingwang , Li Weiyan , Terentyev Dmitry , Choi Bum-Rak , Karma Alain , MacRae Calum A. , Koren Gideon 
Published: September 2019

Background:
The turnover of cardiac ion channels underlying action potential duration is regulated by ubiquitination. Genome-wide association studies of QT interval identified several single-nucleotide polymorphisms located in or near genes involved in protein ubiquitination. A genetic variant upstream of LITAF (lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor) gene prompted us to determine its role in modulating cardiac excitation.

Methods:

Optical mapping was performed in zebrafish hearts to determine Ca
2+
transients. Live-cell confocal calcium imaging was performed on adult rabbit cardiomyocytes to determine intracellular Ca
2+
handling. L-type calcium channel (LTCC) current (
I
Ca,L
) was measured using whole-cell recording. To study the effect of LITAF on Cav1.2 (L-type voltage-gated calcium channel 1.2) channel expression, surface biotinylation, and Westerns were performed. LITAF interactions were studied using coimmunoprecipitation and in situ proximity ligation assay.

Results:

LITAF knockdown in zebrafish resulted in a robust increase in calcium transients. Overexpressed LITAF in 3-week-old rabbit cardiomyocytes resulted in a decrease in
I
Ca,L
and Cavα1c abundance, whereas LITAF knockdown increased
I
Ca,L
and Cavα1c protein. LITAF-overexpressing decreases calcium transients in adult rabbit cardiomyocytes, which was associated with lower Cavα1c levels. In tsA201 cells, overexpressed LITAF downregulated total and surface pools of Cavα1c via increased Cavα1c ubiquitination and its subsequent lysosomal degradation. We observed colocalization between LITAF and LTCC in tsA201 and cardiomyocytes. In tsA201, NEDD (
neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated protein
) 4-1, but not its catalytically inactive form NEDD4-1-C867A, increased Cavα1c ubiquitination. Cavα1c ubiquitination was further increased by coexpressed LITAF and NEDD4-1 but not NEDD4-1-C867A. NEDD4-1 knockdown abolished the negative effect of LITAF on
I
Ca,L
and Cavα1c levels in 3-week-old rabbit cardiomyocytes. Computer simulations demonstrated that a decrease of
I
Ca,L
current associated with LITAF overexpression simultaneously shortened action potential duration and decreased calcium transients in rabbit cardiomyocytes.

Conclusions:
LITAF acts as an adaptor protein promoting NEDD4-1–mediated ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of LTCC, thereby controlling LTCC membrane levels and function and thus cardiac excitation.
Singular Extreme Events and Their Attribution to Climate Change: A Climate Service–Centered Analysis
Authors: Jézéquel Aglaé , Dépoues Vivian , Guillemot Hélène , Rajaud Amélie , Trolliet Mélodie , Vrac Mathieu , Vanderlinden Jean-Paul , Yiou Pascal 
Published: September 2019

AbstractExtreme event attribution (EEA) proposes scientific diagnostics on whether and how a specific weather event is (or is not) different in the actual world from what it could have been in a world without climate change. This branch of climate science has developed to the point where European institutions are preparing the ground for an operational attribution service. In this context, the goal of this article is to explore a panorama of scientist perspectives on their motivations to undertake EEA studies. To do so, we rely on qualitative semi-structured interviews of climate scientists involved in EEA, on peer-reviewed social and climate literature discussing the usefulness of EEA, and on reports from the EUCLEIA project (European Climate and Weather Events: Interpretation and Attribution), which investigated the possibility of building an EEA service. We propose a classification of EEA’s potential uses and users and discuss each of them. We find that, first, there is a plurality of motivations and that individual scientists disagree on which one is most useful. Second, there is a lack of solid, empirical evidence to back up any of these motivations.
Dopamine D2 receptor stimulation modulates the balance between ignoring and updating according to baseline working memory ability
Authors: Fallon Sean James , Kienast Annika , Muhammed Kinan , Ang Yuen-siang , Manohar Sanjay G , Husain Masud 
Published: September 2019

Background: Working memory (WM) deficits in neuropsychiatric disorders have often been attributed to altered dopaminergic signalling. Specifically, D2 receptor stimulation is thought to affect the ease with which items can be gated into and out of WM. In addition, this effect has been hypothesised to vary according to baseline WM ability, a putative index of dopamine synthesis levels. Moreover, whether D2 stimulation affects WM vicariously through modulating relatively WM-free cognitive control processes has not been explored. Aims: We examined the effect of administering a dopamine agonist on the ability to ignore or update information in WM. Method: A single dose of cabergoline (1 mg) was administered to healthy older adult humans in a within-subject, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. In addition, we obtained measures of baseline WM ability and relatively WM-free cognitive control (overcoming response conflict). Results: Consistent with predictions, baseline WM ability significantly modulated the effect that drug administration had on the proficiency of ignoring and updating. High-WM individuals were relatively better at ignoring compared to updating after drug administration. Whereas the opposite occurred in low-WM individuals. Although the ability to overcome response conflict was not affected by cabergoline, a negative relationship between the effect the drug had on response conflict performance and ignoring was observed. Thus, both response conflict and ignoring are coupled to dopaminergic stimulation levels. Conclusions: Cumulatively, these results provide evidence that dopamine affects subcomponents of cognitive control in a diverse, antagonistic fashion and that the direction of these effects is dependent upon baseline WM.
Repeated reverse sural fasciocutaneous flap is an effective surgical strategy for repairing long segmental soft tissue defects of the tibia
Authors: Cui Zelong , Zhang Xuemei , Shou Jiabao , Yin Guoqian 
Published: September 2019

Objective This study was performed to introduce our surgical strategy and experience in applying a repeated reverse sural fasciocutaneous flap (RSFF) to repair large areas of tibial exposure. Methods During a 3-year period, 10 patients with a large area of tibial exposure and intact posterior skin and soft tissue after trauma were treated in our hospital using a repeated RSFF. First, most of the area of proximal tibial exposure was covered by an RSFF. Three weeks later, another smaller RSFF was designed from the original flap and rotated to repair the remaining exposed area of the tibial wound. Results All 10 patients’ wounds were completely healed after 2 to 4 operations. The wounds had healed well after 6 months. The patients were satisfied in terms of both appearance and function. Conclusion The repeated RSFF is a good treatment strategy for patients with large areas of tibial exposure with intact posterior skin and soft tissue.
Whitewashing Capitalism: Mainstream Economics’ Resounding Silence on Race and Racism
Authors: Koechlin Tim 
Published: September 2019

This paper is about the gaping silence in mainstream economics regarding the relationship among capitalism, race, racism, and enduring racial inequality in the USA. Racial inequality is a glaring and enduring fact about the US economy. And yet mainstream economics has little to say about race or racism. Gregory Mankiw’s bestselling textbook devotes seven pages to “discrimination.” There is no discussion of racism per se. Mainstream economists and textbooks typically conflate racism and “discrimination,” and reassure the reader that “markets contain a natural remedy for employer discrimination” (Mankiw, 2008: 409). A student is likely to leave ECON 101 (or an economics major) with a sense that “economic science” has “shown” that discrimination is not that big a deal, and that the history of racist plunder and exploitation in the USA (of which there likely has been no discussion) is not relevant to “economics.” I argue here that the mainstream narrative (its assumptions, its logic, its conclusions, and its rhetorical choices and emphases) systematically obscures, dismisses, and ignores essential ways that racial inequality has been (re)produced by US capitalism. Especially striking is the resounding silence about the legacy of racist economic practices—in particular, the ways in which the enormous black/white wealth gap (and its effects) in the USA are linked to centuries of racist exclusion, violence, and plunder. The mainstream narrative thus whitewashes capitalism and exonerates “the market system.” The final section argues for a radical multidisciplinary economics. JEL classification: J15, D63
Rehearsal for Volhynia: Schutzmannschaft Battalion 201 and Hauptmann Roman Shukhevych in Occupied Belorussia, 1942
Authors: Rudling Per Anders 
Published: September 2019

This article is part of the special cluster titled Conceptualizations of the Holocaust in Germany, Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine since the 1990s, guest edited by Grzegorz Rossoliński-Liebe. In 2007, Roman Shukhevych (1907–1950), the commander of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA), was designated an official Ukrainian state hero. He has since become the object of an elaborate cult of personality. Lauded for his resistance to the Soviet authorities in 1944–1950, Shukhevych is highly controversial in neighbouring Poland for the ethnic cleansing that the UPA carried out in 1943–1944, as he commanded that organization. Over a few months, the UPA killed around ninety thousand Poles, expelling hundreds of thousands of others. The brutal efficiency of this campaign has to be seen in the context of the larger war, not least Shukhevych’s training by Nazi Germany, in particular the military experience he obtained as a captain in the Ukrainian formation Nachtigall, and as a commanding officer in Schutzmannschaft Battalion 201, which served in occupied Belorussia. This article is an attempt at reconstruct Shukhevych’s whereabouts in 1942, in order to establish the context and praxis under which Shukhevych operated until deserting the auxiliary police in January 1943.