bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Associations Between Brca1 Variants C.181 T>G (Rs28897672) and Ovarian Cancer Risk in Saudi Females
Authors: Alyahri Nora , Abdi Saba , Khan Wajahatullah , Elrobh Mohamed , Addar Mohammed H. , Babay Zeneb A. , Alanazi Mohamed , Aldaihan Sooad , Shaik Jilani , Arafah Maha , Parine Narasimha Reddy , Warsy Arjumand 
Published: October 2018

Summary
Background: Mutations in BRCA1 gene have been implicated in ovarian cancers, and BRCA testing may be conducted in high-risk women. This study was designed to determine the frequency of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) variants in BRCA1 gene and BRCA1 expression in Saudi females with ovarian cancer.
Methods: Expression levels of mRNA of BRCA1 gene were studied in 10 ovarian cancer and 10 normal ovarian tissues, by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The study also included 28 females who had suffered from ovarian cancer and had been successfully operated upon and 90 healthy females with no history of cancer. Blood was drawn in EDTA tubes and used for extraction of DNA. The genotyping was carried out using Taqman® SNP Genotyping kit by RT-PCR. The variants investigated included c.871 T>C (rs799917), c.1040 G>A (rs4986852), c.181 T>G (rs28897672) in BRCA1 gene.
Results: The c.181 T>G (rs28897672) showed significantly different genotype and allele frequencies between the patients and the control subjects (p value = 0.002 and 0.02, respectively). The genotype TG was significantly protective (OR = 0.36, p value = 0.024). The mRNA expression of BRCA1 gene was found to be low in the ovarian cancer tissues.
Conclusions: This study showed that c.181 T>G in BRCA1 genes is associated with the development of ovarian cancer in Saudis. More studies are needed to unveil other SNPs that may be associated with ovarian cancer and to understand the mechanism(s) involved in reducing the expression of BRCA1 gene in ovarian cancer tissues.
Influence of the genetic makeup of common carp on the expression of iron-related genes during Trypanoplasma borreli infection
Authors: Kamińska-Gibas Teresa , Irnazarow Ilgiz , Szczygieł Joanna , Jurecka Patrycja 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Genes related to iron metabolism play an important role in inflammatory response. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of ferritin, transferrin receptors 1a and 1b, and transferrin genes in the response to blood parasite infection in common carp (Cyprinuscarpio L.).

Material and Methods
Two genetically distinct carp groups were used: R3 carp, which are established as being sensitive to parasitic infection, and SA carp (Cyprinus carpio haematopterus) of wild origin. An established challenge model with Trypanoplasma borreli was applied. Challenged carp were sampled to determine their expression levels of transferrin receptors 1a and 1b, ferritin, and transferrin mRNA. Mortality and serum iron concentration were also measured.

Results
The study revealed contrasting differences in the expression profiles of all key iron regulatory genes except the transferrin gene. In the case of other parameters, significant differences were also observed.

Conclusion
Our results demonstrate that the level of parasitic infection depends on the blood iron status. This parameter was related to the origin of the fish.
Genetic analysis of Toxocara spp. in stray cats and dogs in Van province, Eastern Turkey
Authors: Oguz Bekir , Ozdal Nalan , Serdar Deger M. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Introduction

Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati are roundworms of dogs and cats. The purpose of this study was to investigate the infection caused by these ascarids in cats and dogs, using microscopic and molecular analysis methods.

Material and Methods
Adult ascarids were gathered from the faeces of dogs and cats in Van province, in 2015–2016. Existing keys and PCR sequencing of the ITS-2 fragment were used to identify the morphological features of the parasite species.

Results
It was observed that out of 20 adult ascarids, 17 and 3 were found to be Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati, respectively. The ITS-2 gene region was amplified by PCR to perform molecular analysis. Genotyping indicated that the dogs and cats were infected with T. canis and T. cati, respectively, and none had Toxascaris leonina.

Conclusion
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the molecular characteristics of adult ascaridoid nematodes from cats and dogs in Turkey. The molecular approaches established in this study enable molecular identification and genetic structure studies of the ascaridoids.
Amitraz marker residues in honey from honeybee colonies treated with Apiwarol
Authors: Pohorecka Krystyna , Kiljanek Tomasz , Antczak Maja , Skubida Piotr , Semkiw Piotr , Posyniak Andrzej 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Amitraz is a formamide exhibiting both acaricidal and insecticidal activity and is frequently used by beekeepers to protect honeybee colonies against Varroa destructor mites. The aim of this apiary trial was to evaluate the impact of honeybee colony fumigation with amitraz on the level of contamination of honey stored in combs.

Material and Methods
Experimental colonies were fumigated four times every four days with one tablet of Apiwarol per treatment. Honey was sampled from combs of brood chambers and combs of supers one day after each amitraz application and from harvested honey. Amitraz marker residues (as a total of amitraz and metabolites containing parts of molecules with properties specific to the 2,4-DMA group, expressed as amitraz) were evaluated in honey.

Results
All analysed samples were contaminated with amitraz metabolites. 2,4-DMA and DMPF were the most frequently determined compounds. The average concentration of amitraz marker residue in honey from groups where a smouldering tablet was located directly in beehives was significantly higher than that of residue in honey from groups with indirect smoke generation. No significant effect on the honey contamination deriving from the place where it was exposed to smoke (combs of brood chambers and supers) was noted. Amitraz marker residues exceeded the MRL in 10% of honey samples from combs.

Conclusion
Fumigation of beehives with amitraz results in contamination of honey stored in combs.
Lack of association between Epstein–Barr virus and mammary tumours in dogs
Authors: Roa López Gustavo A. , Suárez Jhon Jairo , Barato Paola , García Noel Verján 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a γ-herpesvirus associated with various neoplasms in humans and is a probable aetiological agent in breast cancer; however, a causal relationship has not yet been established. Because of the epidemiological and clinicopathological similarities between breast cancer and canine mammary tumours, dogs have been proposed as a valid model for breast cancer.

Material and Methods
A total of 47 canine mammary gland tumour tissues were processed by routine histopathological technique with haematoxylin-eosin staining and classified according to the type of neoplasm. DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded tissues and the EBNA-1 gene and the BamHI-W region specific for EBV were evaluated by nested PCR.

Results
The histopathological evaluation revealed 2 benign neoplasms, and many carcinomas: 2 in situ, 9 simple, 3 solid, 10 complex, and 21 mixed. One sample was positive for the EBNA-1 gene, while all were negative for the BamHI-W region.

Conclusion
No association was found between EBV and mammary tumours in dogs. However, here we report for the first time the presence of an EBV gene sequence in a canine mammary tumour. It is likely that detection of EBV might be affected by the quality and quantity of DNA extracted from paraffin-embedded tissues. Additional studies are necessary to establish any association of EBV with mammary gland cancer in humans and in dogs, which could eventually lead to better public health prevention and control.
Effects of repeated lipopolysaccharide treatment on growth performance, immune organ index, and blood parameters of Sprague-Dawley rats
Authors: Zhong Youbao , Zhang Xianlai , Hu Xiaofen , Li Yong 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Introduction
The study was designed to investigate the effects of repeated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment on growth performance, lymphoid organ indexes, and blood cells in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Material and Methods
Forty healthy weaned Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly equally divided into LPS and control groups. Each rat in the LPS group was injected via the caudal vein with LPS (100 μg/kg b.w.) for 10 days, and the control group was treated with an equal volume of normal saline. On the 1st, 4th, 7th, and 10th days, growth performance, lymphoid organ indexes, and blood cells were evaluated in five necropsied rats.

Results
When rats were treated 3–10 times with LPS, their body weight and average daily gains increased more slowly than in the control group (P < 0.05). Repeated LPS treatment significantly increased spleen weight and the ratio of spleen to body weight (P < 0.05). White blood cells, neutrophils, and neutrophil percentage increased (P < 0.05) remarkably, but lymphocyte percentage, haemoglobin, and blood platelet counts decreased significantly (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
LPS treatment obviously suppresses growth and promotes peripheral immune organ proliferation. It is indicated that host protective mechanism can be activated by multiple small doses of LPS and prevents organs from further damage during stress status.
Dependence of sperm morphology and ejaculate characteristics on sperm concentration in the ejaculates of Hypor boars
Authors: Górski Krzysztof , Kondracki Stanisław , Wysokińska Anna , Iwanina Maria 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Determination of sperm concentration and morphology in ejaculate is essential in evaluating fertility. Sperm shape and dimensions may depend on their concentration in ejaculate. The aim of the study was to evaluate the dependence of Hypor boar morphological and morphometric sperm characteristics on concentration in ejaculate.

Material and Methods
The study was conducted on 120 ejaculates from 12 Hypor boars. Depending on sperm concentration, they were put into three groups: low, medium, and high. Ejaculate sperm concentration was determined with the photometric method. Slides were prepared from semen samples which were evaluated for the morphology of spermatozoa. The preparations for morphological analyses were by the eosin-gentian staining method.

Results
As the sperm concentration in the ejaculate increased, the length, perimeter, and area of the sperm heads also did. In the ejaculates with higher sperm concentration the sperm heads were rounder. The ratios of head dimensions to tail length or total length were the highest in the sperm from ejaculates with the highest concentrations. The highest percentage of morphologically abnormal sperm was noted in ejaculates with low concentrations.

Conclusion
The dimensions and shape of sperm depend on the sperm concentration in the ejaculate. In ejaculates with the highest concentrations, the sperm have larger dimensions. Sperm concentration affects the frequency of morphological anomalies in the spermatozoa.
Evaluation of intestinal damage biomarkers in calves with atresia coli
Authors: Yildiz Ramazan , Ok Mahmut , Ider Merve , Aydogdu Ugur , Naseri Amir , Parlak Kurtulus , Gulersoy Erdem 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Intestinal obstruction such as atresia coli causes pathophysiological changes in gastrointestinal tissue due to the rise of intra-abdominal pressure. The aim of this study is to determine the intestinal damage with intestinal biomarkers in calves with atresia coli.

Material and Methods
The study was conducted on 40 Holstein calves diagnosed with atresia coli with mild to moderate abdominal distention and 10 healthy Holstein calves which served as the control. Blood samples were collected from all calves, and then serum concentrations of intestinal biomarkers were estimated, namely intestinal fatty acid binding protein (IFABP), liver fatty acid binding protein (LFABP), trefoil factor 3 (TFF3), and intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), using commercially available specific bovine ELISA kits. An automatic blood gas analyser was employed for determining the lactate concentration.

Results
The concentrations of serum LFABP (P < 0.01), IFABP, TFF3, IAP, and blood lactate (P < 0.001) were significantly higher in calves with atresia coli than in healthy calves.

Conclusion
The calves affected with atresia coli exhibited severe intestinal damage, and IFABP, LFABP, and TFF3 have significant diagnostic importance and play a useful role in determining the intestinal damage due to intestinal obstruction. High levels of IAP and lactate may serve as a signal for the development of intestinal injury.
Modelling of Ship’s Trajectory Planning in Collision Situations by Hybrid Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Ni Shengke , Liu Zhengjiang , Cai Yao , Wang Xin 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Ship collision-avoidance trajectory planning aims at searching for a theoretical safe-critical trajectory in accordance with COLREGs and good seamanship. In this paper, a novel optimal trajectory planning based on hybrid genetic algorithm is presented for ship collision avoidance in the open sea. The proposed formulation is established based on the theory of the Multiple Genetic Algorithm (MPGA) and Nonlinear Programming, which not only overcomes the inherent deficiency of the Genetic Algorithm (GA) for premature convergence, but also guarantees the practicality and consistency of the optimal trajectory. Meanwhile, the encounter type as well as the obligation of collision avoidance is determined according to COLREGs, which is then considered as the restricted condition for the operation of population initialization. Finally, this trajectory planning model is evaluated with a set of test cases simulating various traffic scenarios to demonstrate the feasibility and superiority of the optimal trajectory.
An Analysis of Basic Parameters of Ro-Pax Ferries in the Baltic Sea as Guidelines for its Preliminary Design
Authors: Gucma Lucjan , Raczkowska Julia 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This paper presents results of an analysis of the operating and maneuvering parameters (length, width, draft, main propulsion power and maneuvering equipment, and windage area) of the Ro-Pax ferries over 150m in length. The analysis takes into accounts all ferries operating in the Baltic Sea in 2017. The work also includes route analysis of the collected Ro-Pax units. The influence of port infrastructure is also discussed. The mean optimal Baltic Sea Ro-Pax ferry and its parameters for short term and long term forecasts are presented. This paper may be used as a primary guideline for the determining the optimal Ro-Pax ferry dimensions size for the Baltic lines in terms of preliminary ship design.
Model of a Ducted Axial-Flow Hydrokinetic Turbine – Results of Experimental and Numerical Examination
Authors: Góralczyk Adam , Adamkowski Adam 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The article presents the numerical algorithm of the developed computer code which calculates performance characteristics of ducted axial-flow hydrokinetic turbines. The code makes use of the vortex lattice method (VLM), which has been developed and used in IMP PAN for years, to analyse the operation of various fluid-flow machines. To verify the developed software, a series of model tests have been performed in the cavitation tunnel being part of IMP PAN research equipment.
Studies of Resistances of Natural Liquid Flow in Helical and Curved Pipes
Authors: Stosiak Michał , Zawiślak Maciej , Nishta Bohdan 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The main aim of this research was to determine in three ways, i.e. experimentally, analytically and by means of numerical modelling, the resistances of the flow of a natural liquid in a helical pipe and in curved pipes. The analyses were carried out for three pipes: one helical pipe and two curved pipes. Each of the pipes was 2 m long and its inside diameter was 4 mm. The experiment was carried out on a test stand making it possible to measure the rate of the flow of the liquid, the temperature at the pipe’s inlet and outlet and the pressure at the pipe’s inlet and outlet. The resistances of the flow of the liquid were calculated from analytical or empirical formulas found in the literature on the subject. Moreover, numerical modelling was performed using the finite volume element method.
Influence of Geotechnical Conditions on Damage States of Gdansk Bay Coast Cliff Formations
Authors: Mieloszyk Eligiusz , Wyroślak Mariusz 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
A geotechnical aspect of destruction processes of seashores was identified based on the case of erosion of Gdansk Bay Coast cliff formations. Causative factors of landslide were described in the context of natural phenomena, land development and its anthropogenic transformations. Possible directions of theoretical analysis of changes in ground-water relations were indicated.
Alih Kode dan Campur Kode oleh Pegawai Aerotravel di Denpasar
Authors: Novi Prasanthi Ni Putu , Andry Anita Dewi Ni Made , Yuliani Giri Ni Luh Kade 
Published: October 2018

This research aims to identify types and causes of code switching and code mixing that are applied at Aerotravel Denpasar. This research is analyzed with “Agih and Padan” method in two different languages , Japan and Indonesian. On each of the language, it’s connected therefore found type and cause of factor code switching and code mixing. The theories used are code switching (Wardhaugh, 2006), code mixing (Hoffman, 1991) , and cause code mixing factor (Weinrich, 1979). From 20 data that is analyzed at Aerotravel, it resulted 6 type switching code: 1 methaporical code switching, 5 situational code switching. In addition there are 14 data of switching code consists of 10 lexical code mixing in lexical, 3 phonologic code mixing, and 1 sentence code mixing. The cause factors of switching codes are, topic, solidarity with communicator, social art distance, and motivation. The cause factor of code mixing are low frequency of word, need for synonym, social value, familiarity with another culture, and sufficiency differentiated. This research concludes that the situational code switching is the most used in code switching. Education background is the cause of code mixing existence.
Performance Improvement of Water Temperature Control using Anti-windup Proportional Integral Derivative
Authors: Wibowo Agung Surya , Susanto Erwin 
Published: October 2018

In this research, the controller was implemented in water temperature control system. This system has delay and saturation effect that caused instability problem in system. One of the effects occurred was windup effect. So, the implementation of controller needs to add anti-windup system. This paper described the comparison between 2 methods of controller design, conventional PID method and PID with Anti-Windup method. The conventional PID method resulted the system that was hardly to achieve the steady state condition. This was caused by windup effect as the system get saturation. The integrator part in PID will get bigger. The solution to fix this instability problem was by using the PID with Anti-Windup. The result of experiment showed that the output response from the control system with the anti-windup PID has a more stable than that of the conventional PID
La importancia de la palabra en los orígenes de la filosofía griega
Authors: Beltrán Moreno Orlando 
Published: October 2018

En el siglo VI a.n.e. en la Grecia antigua tres hombres ilustrados de la polis de Mileto, Tales, Anaximandro y Anaxímenes, quienes son considerados por la tradición filosófica occidental como los primeros filósofos, empiezan a construir explicaciones racionales del origen del mundo, de su composición y de su ordenamiento por fuera de las creencias míticas y religiosas, para ellos todo lo que existe es physis; es por medio del logos que se puede captar e interpretar el mundo como physis. A partir de Tales de Mileto la naturaleza se contempla y analiza de acuerdo a sus leyes inmanentes y a un principio material, sin la intervención de las potencialidades divinas; con esta posición cognoscitiva de Tales se inaugura una nueva manera de interpretar y de expresar las cosas, de pensar el mundo como totalidad, que será denominada después Filosofía.
El problema del burro
Authors: Silva Silva Augusto 
Published: October 2018

Supóngase que dispone de un potrero circular de radio a sembrado de pasto. En el borde del potrero debe amarrarse un burro y se quiere que el animal tenga acceso exactamente a la mitad del potrero. ¿Cuánto debe medir el lazo con el cual será amarrado el burro?.
El proceso de recontextualización y la construcción de identidades pedagógicas
Authors: López Jiménez Nelson E. 
Published: October 2018

Importante iniciar esta disertación señalando que sobre la Educación son muchos y muy variados los estudios que se han realizado. Posiblemente encontremos que difieren en cuanto ai enfoque, la perspectiva, la temática, la intencionalidad, el objeto, el nivel etc.; pero de lo que parece haber conciencia es de la reiteración y yuxtaposición de algunos de los elementos que constituyen los diferentes cuerpos de análisis.
El presente trabajo intenta hacer uta aporte al estudio sistemático de los principios, reglas y prácticas que subyacen en el proceso de transformación de los textos y discursos del contexto primario de producción discursiva al contexto secundario de reproducción discursiva (recontextualización) en la medida que se asume que es en él y a través de él, que tienen origen las tensiones y conflicios que permiten explicar las diferentes identidades pedagógicas hoy presentes en nuestra realidad educativa colombiana. Es conveniente señalar que el análisis se centrará en el nivel de la Educación Superior, en tanto, que el proceso de recontextualización presente en este nivel no ha sido estudiado de manera puntual.
La concepción corpuscular de la materia y el concepto Mol: algunas implicaciones epistemológicas y didácticas
Authors: Medina Arévalo Josué Nicolás , Narváez Zamora Luis Javier 
Published: October 2018

En la actualidad, uno de los aspectos fundamentales, objeto de investigación en Didáctica de la Química, es el relacionado con el aprendizaje significativo de conceptos y con la construcción de concepciones globales en el ámbito científico.
La química como ciencia está estructurada en torno a conceptos, leyes, prin­cipios y teorías, una de las cuales es la teoría atómica, directamente relacionada con la concepción corpuscular de la materia (Atomismo), como base fundamen­tal de la estructura conceptual de la química moderna; más aún, su aceptación a principios del siglo XIX es uno de los hitos que constituye la ruptura con las concepciones precientíficas. Sin embargo, el atomismo no es propiamente una idea que podemos considerar como originada en la época moderna, sino que empezó a constituir parte del acervo cultural de la humanidad desde que los filósofos jónicos lo plantearon en el siglo VI a.c. En consecuencia, es válido plantearnos los siguientes interrogantes: ¿qué condiciones específicas hicieron que el atomismo se estableciera como paradigma esencial de la química moder­na?, ¿qué condiciones sociales e históricas favorecieron su aceptación?, ¿qué crisis hicieron declinar a las antiguas concepciones químicas que no lo incluían en sus postulados fundamentales?