bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resonant absorption in expanding coronal magnetic flux tubes with uniform density
Authors: Howson T. A. , De Moortel I. , Antolin P. , Van Doorsselaere T. , Wright A. N. 
Published: September 2019

Aims.We investigate the transfer of energy between a fundamental standing kink mode and azimuthal Alfvén waves within an expanding coronal magnetic flux tube. We consider the process of resonant absorption in a loop with a non-uniform Alfvén frequency profile but in the absence of a radial density gradient.Methods.Using the three dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) code, Lare3d, we modelled a transversely oscillating magnetic flux tube that expands radially with height. An initially straight loop structure with a magnetic field enhancement was allowed to relax numerically towards a force-free state before a standing kink mode was introduced. The subsequent dynamics, rate of wave damping and formation of small length scales are considered.Results.We demonstrate that the transverse gradient in Alfvén frequency required for the existence of resonant field lines can be associated with the expansion of a high field-strength flux tube from concentrated flux patches in the lower solar atmosphere. This allows for the conversion of energy between wave modes even in the absence of the transverse density profile typically assumed in wave heating models. As with standing modes in straight flux tubes, small scales are dominated by the vorticity at the loop apex and by currents close to the loop foot points. The azimuthal Alfvén wave exhibits the structure of the expanded flux tube and is therefore associated with smaller length scales close to the foot points of the flux tube than at the loop apex.Conclusions.Resonant absorption can proceed throughout the coronal volume, even in the absence of visible, dense, loop structures. The flux tube and MHD waves considered are difficult to observe and our model highlights how estimating hidden wave power within the Sun’s atmosphere can be problematic. We highlight that, for standing modes, the global properties of field lines are important for resonant absorption and coronal conditions at a single altitude will not fully determine the nature of MHD resonances. In addition, we provide a new model in partial response to the criticism that wave heating models cannot self-consistently generate or sustain the density profile upon which they typically rely.
The interplay of the national, regional, and global in standards of English
Authors: Hänsel Eva Canan , Deuber Dagmar 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAn accent recognition survey was designed and distributed among respondents from the anglophone Caribbean with the aim of finding out whether they can recognize different standard accents of English as spoken by newscasters from five Caribbean countries, namely Jamaica, St Kitts and Nevis, Dominica, St Vincent and the Grenadines, and Trinidad and Tobago. The results revealed that there is a general difficulty in placing Caribbean newscaster accents in the correct country. The only exception was a Trinidadian accent that was recognized in 60 per cent of all cases. The results suggest that in the context of newscaster accents, recognizable national standard varieties are the exception. This paper also introduces the idea that to some extent, standard accents of English in the Caribbean might be recognizable on a subregional level.
Negation in Longxi Qiang
Authors: Zheng Wuxi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNegation in Longxi Qiang shows distinctive features in comparison to other recorded Qiang varieties. The choice between the two negative prefixes /mí-/ and /mì-/ and the volition indicated by these two negative markers in Longxi Qiang are similar to those of negatorspu31andmei55in Wenchuan Mandarin. To a large extent,pu31corresponds to /mí-/ andmei55corresponds to /mì-/. Moreover, two negative constructions with positive meaning in Wenchuan Mandarin are borrowed into Longxi Qiang. I believe that the development of a negation system similar to Wenchuan Mandarin in Longxi Qiang is not a coincidence; language contact is an important factor accounting for it.
Redefining the typology of V2 languages
Authors: Wolfe Sam 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis article proposes a new typology of the V2 property, integrating new data from a corpus of Medieval Romance texts with data from Rhaeto-Romance, Early Germanic and Modern Germanic. The proposed analysis is that all V2 systems have a V-movement and phrasal movement trigger on the lowest left-peripheral head, Fin, and that in a subclass of V2 languages Force also has these properties. It is argued that the restrictions on and variation in licensing verb-initial and verb-third clauses within Romance and Germanic V2 systems fall out from the Fin/Force distinction.
Serendipitous Treatment of Tularemia in Pregnancy
Authors: Johnsrud Joyce J , Smith Carolyn Rebecca , Bradsher Robert W 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We present a young pregnant woman who developed ulceroglandular tularaemia following a bite wound from a kitten. She grew Francisella tularensis from the ulcer. While awaiting bacterial culture results and serology for Bartonella, she was treated with azithromycin, with resolution of fever and axillary tenderness. Treatment recommendations for tularemia are either gentamicin or doxycycline, both of which can be perilous to the fetus. A Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report on the macrolide susceptibility of North American isolates of this organism has been underappreciated. The unanticipated result from this patient may give another potential option for treatment of tularemia in pregnancy.
Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support for Severe Pericardial Decompression Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Ricarte Bratti Juan P. , Brunette Veronique , Lebon Jean S. , Pellerin Michel , Lamarche Yoan 
Published: September 2019

Objectives:
We report a case of a man with tamponade decompression syndrome following pericardial drainage.

Data Sources:
ICU - Montreal Heart Institute.

Study Selection:
Case report.

Data Extraction:
Clinical and surgical records.

Data Synthesis
None.

Conclusions:
Our case adds further concerns in supporting a patient with tamponade decompression syndrome, including mechanical circulatory support, due to the reversible nature of this condition.
1550-nm Nonablative Fractional Laser Versus 10,600-nm Ablative Fractional Laser in the Treatment of Surgical and Traumatic Scars: A Comparison Study on Efficacy and Treatment Regimen
Authors: Chitgopeker Pooja , Goettsche Lainee , Landherr Matthew J. , Ye Alice , Johnson-Jahangir Hillary , Ferguson Nkanyezi , VanBeek Marta 
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND
The appearance and symptoms of scars can cause significant distress to patients.

OBJECTIVE
To assess and compare efficacy of the 1,500-nm nonablative fractional laser (NAFL) and 10,600-nm ablative fractional laser (AFL) in reducing symptoms and improving the appearance of traumatic or surgical scars.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Single-center prospective, randomized, blinded, split-scar study was conducted on 100 patients with a scar obtained through trauma or surgery. Three treatments of NAFL or AFL were administered to each half of the scar at 4-week intervals. Scars were self-rated by the patient using the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale and a satisfaction score and objectively evaluated by blinded dermatologists using the Manchester Scar Scale and visual analog scale.

RESULTS
Blinded observers found no statistically significant difference in scar appearance. Patient rating showed improvement of scar appearance (p < .0001). Pain was worse after treatment with AFL (p = .0492). Overall, there was no statistically significant evidence of one laser being superior or inferior to the other for patient and blinded observer scores (p = .3173 and p = .2513, respectively).

CONCLUSION
Scar treatment with AFL or NAFL is associated with high patient satisfaction. Objective evaluation of scars did not identify improvement in scar appearance.
Effect of LncRNA MIAT on Prognosis of Hand-assisted Laparoscopic or Laparoscopic-assisted Colectomy for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Li Chaofeng , Tang Tao , Wang Wenyue 
Published: September 2019

Purpose:
The current study aims to explore the effect of myocardial infarction associated transcript (MIAT) level on the long-term prognosis of hand-assisted laparoscopic colectomy (HALC) or laparoscopic-assisted colectomy (LAC) for colorectal cancer (CC).

Materials and Methods:
A total of 320 CC patients were included. Patients were randomized into HALC and LAC group.

Results:
MIAT level in CC tissue was upregulated, and had a significant positive association with its level in serum. MIAT levels in both CC tissue and serum were correlated with lymph node metastasis and histologic grading. Survival analysis showed that the overall survival rate in 3 years after operation was significantly lower in HALC-High MIAT group (P<0.05). When MIAT level is <10.9 in CC tissue or 8.7 in serum, 100% of patients who underwent HALC will be alive for >3 years.

Conclusions:
For patients with low MIAT level, both HALC and LAC are available, otherwise, LAC is more recommended.
Diffusion and adoption of research data management services
Authors: Niu Jinfang 
Published: September 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to identify the diffusion patterns, especially the communication channels, in the diffusion and adoption of research data management services (RDMS) among libraries.Design/methodology/approachLiterature about the RDMS in individual libraries was gathered and analyzed. Data relevant to the research questions were extracted and analyzed.FindingsEarly adopters conduct much original research to create RDMS and they often serve as change agents in diffusing their RDMS and related innovations to other libraries. In contrast, late adopters usually learn from early adopters and use their innovations for establishing their own RDMS. Communication channels used in diffusing RDMS deviate slightly from those reported in general diffusion of innovations (DOI) theories.Research limitations/implicationsGathered literature provides incomplete and uneven information for RDMS adopters. This makes it difficult to identify adopter categories and test many generalizations in DOI theories. To overcome these limitations, surveys and interviews will be conducted in the future.Originality/valueFindings from this project contribute to general DOI theories because RDMS is unique compared with many other innovations. The diffusion of RDMS is a decentralized process that involves a high-degree of reinvention and it involves the generation and diffusion of many relevant innovations. The project also identified scholarly communication and inter-organization networks as new types of communication channels that are not well accounted for in existing DOI theories.
A dose-response and meta-analysis of phytosterols consumption on liver enzymes
Authors: Tajik Somayeh , Jacobson Kevan , Talaei Sam , Kord-Varkaneh Hamed , Noormohammadi Zeinab , Salehi-Sahlabadi Ammar , Pezeshki Mehran , Rahmani Jamal , Hekmatdoost Azita 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The results of human studies evaluating the efficacy of plant Phytosterols on liver function were inconsistent. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to eliminate these controversies about the Phytosterols consumption on liver serum biochemistry in adult subjects.

Design/methodology/approach
The literatures systematically searched throughout PubMed and Scopus databases up to June 2018; it was conducted by using related keywords. Estimates of effect sizes were expressed based on weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% CI from the random-effects model (erSimonian and Laird method). Heterogeneity across studies was assessed by using I2 index. Eighteen studies reported the effects of Phytosterols (PS) supplementation on liver serum biochemistry.

Findings
The current meta-analysis did not show a significant effect on ALT (MD: 0.165 U/L, 95% CI: −1.25, 1.58, p = 0.820), AST (MD: −0.375 IU/Liter, 95% CI: −1.362, 0.612, p = 0.457), ALP (MD: 0.804 cm, 95% CI: −1.757, 3.366, p = 0.538), GGT (MD: 0.431 U/L, 95% CI: −1.803, 2.665, p = 0.706) and LDH (MD: 0.619 U/L, 95% CI: −4.040, 5.277, p = 0.795) following PS consumption.

Originality/value
The authors found that no protective or toxic effects occur after the consumption of Phytosterols on liver enzymes including ALT, AST, ALP, LDH and GGT.
Man versus machine? Acquired long QT syndrome in a patient with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Tran Tomio , Brunnquell Michael , Mehler Philip S. , Krantz Mori J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractComputer‐generated Bazett‐corrected QT (QTcB) algorithms are common in clinical practice and can rapidly identify repolarization abnormalities, but accuracy is variable. This report highlights marked rate‐corrected QT (QTc) interval prolongation not detected by the computer algorithm. A 26‐year‐old woman with anorexia nervosa was admitted with severe hypokalemia and ventricular ectopy. Computer‐generated QTcB was 485 ms, while manual adjudication yielded a QTcB of 657 ms and a Fridericia‐corrected QT (QTcF) interval of 626 ms using digital calipers. Computer‐generated QTc intervals may aid in clinical decision‐making. However, accuracy is variable, particularly in the setting of ectopy, and requires manual verification.
CRIME AND EDUCATION IN A MODEL OF INFORMATION TRANSMISSION
Authors: CORTÉS Darwin , FRIEBEL Guido , MALDONADO Darío 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTWe model the decisions of young individuals to stay in school or drop out and engage in criminal activities. We build on the literature on human capital and crime engagement and use the framework of Banerjee (1993) that assumes that the information needed to engage in crime arrives in the form of a rumour and that individuals update their beliefs about the profitability of crime relative to education. These assumptions allow us to study the effect of social interactions on crime. In our model, we investigate informational spillovers from the actions of talented students to less talented students. We show that policies that decrease the cost of education for talented students may increase the vulnerability of less talented students to crime. The effect is exacerbated when students do not fully understand the underlying learning dynamics.
An empirical assessment of food security on First Nations in Canada
Authors: Deaton B. James , Scholz Alexander , Lipka Bethany 
Published: September 2019

AbstractUsing data generated from surveys conducted on First Nations throughout Canada, we use regression analysis to examine factors influencing food insecurity. To our knowledge, this is the first time a regression‐based analysis has been conducted to examine food insecurity on First Nations in Canada. As expected, income is inversely related to the likelihood that one reports their household as experiencing food insecurity. In addition, individuals in extremely remote areas are more likely to report their household as experiencing food insecurity. Although traditional food consumption is prevalent, we do not find evidence that it is associated with reductions in the prevalence of self‐reported household food insecurity. We find that gender and mental health are associated with perceived household food insecurity. Although this study is novel, for reasons and limitations detailed in the paper, it should be viewed as an initial effort to establish potential relationships that underscore one of the most important issues facing Canada: the high prevalence of food insecurity in First Nations communities.
New homologues of Brassicaceae water‐soluble chlorophyll proteins shed light on chlorophyll binding, spectral tuning, and molecular evolution
Authors: Prabahar Vadivel , Afriat‐Jurnou Livnat , Paluy Irina , Peleg Yoav , Noy Dror 
Published: September 2019

Type‐II water‐soluble chlorophyll (Chl) proteins (WSCPs) of Brassicaceae are promising models for understanding how protein sequence and structure affect Chl binding and spectral tuning in photosynthetic Chl–protein complexes. However, to date, their use has been limited by the small number of known WSCPs, which also limited understanding their physiological roles. To overcome these limitations, we performed a phylogenetic analysis to compile a more comprehensive and complete set of natural type‐II WSCP homologues. The identified homologues were heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli, purified, tested for assembly with chlorophylls, and spectroscopically characterized. The analyses led to the discovery of previously unrecognized type‐IIa and IIb subclass WSCPs, as well as of a new subclass that did not bind chlorophylls. Further analysis by ancestral sequence reconstruction yielded sequences of putative ancestors of the three subclasses, which were subsequently recombinantly expressed in E. coli, purified and characterized. Combining the phylogenetic and spectroscopic data with molecular structural information revealed distinct Chl‐binding motifs, and identified residues critically impacting spectral tuning. The distinct Chl‐binding properties of the WSCP archetypes suggest that the non‐Chl‐binding subclass evolved from a Chl‐binding ancestor that most likely lost its Chl‐binding capacity upon localization in the plant tissues with low Chl content. This dual evolutionary trajectory is consistent with WSCPs association with the Kunitz‐type protease inhibitors superfamily, and indications of their inhibitory activity in response to various forms of stress in plants. These findings suggest new directions for exploring the physiological roles of WSCPs and the correlation, if any, between Chl‐binding and protease inhibition functionality.
Patient satisfaction with ball and Equator attachments for single‐implant mandibular overdentures: A short‐term randomised crossover clinical trial
Authors: Taha Nahla Eid Kamel Selim , Dias Danilo Rocha , Oliveira Talitha Maria Cabral , Souza João Antônio Chaves , Leles Cláudio Rodrigues 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundRetention and stabilisation of a single‐implant mandibular overdenture (SIMO) are influenced by the biomechanical properties and clinical performance of the attachment system.PurposeTo compare clinical and patient‐reported outcomes following the use of two retention systems, a ball and a stud‐type Equator attachment used for SIMO.Material and MethodsEighteen fully edentulous participants were treated with a SIMO opposing to a maxillary complete denture. They received two retentive attachments (ball and Equator) in alternate periods (sequences A‐B and B‐A) and outcomes were assessed after the 1 week (initial) and 3 months (final) periods. In the final assessment, patients were also asked about their preferred retention system.ResultsCompared with baseline, there was an improvement in patient satisfaction using both attachments, whilst no difference was observed between initial and final periods. Similarly, no significant differences were observed when comparing the ball and Equator at the initial (P = .330) and final (P = .08) periods. The multilevel mixed‐model analysis revealed that the patients’ satisfaction was predicted only by their satisfaction with dentures before implant placement. Although no significant difference was found between attachments regarding patient preference, this may be biased by the sequence of attachment use, which suggests that a learning effect might be present in this crossover study design.ConclusionThe use of a single midline implant to retain a mandibular overdenture significantly improves patient satisfaction irrespective of the attachment used, but patients’ preference for the second treatment suggested a learning effect in this study.
Linear and nonlinear electromagnetic waves in modulated honeycomb media
Authors: Hu Pipi , Hong Liu , Zhu Yi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWave dynamics in topological materials has been widely studied recently. A striking feature is the existence of robust and chiral wave propagations that have potential applications in many fields. A common way to realize such wave patterns is to utilize Dirac points, which carry topological indices and is supported by the symmetries of the media. In this work, we investigate these phenomena in photonic media. Starting with Maxwell's equations with a honeycomb material weight as well as the nonlinear Kerr effect, we first prove the existence of Dirac points in the dispersion surfaces of transverse electric and magnetic Maxwell operators under very general assumptions of the material weight. Our assumptions on the material weight are almost the minimal requirements to ensure the existence of Dirac points in a general hexagonal photonic crystal. We then derive the associated wave packet dynamics in the scenario where the honeycomb structure is weakly modulated. It turns out the reduced envelope equation is generally a two‐dimensional nonlinear Dirac equation with a spatially varying mass. By studying the reduced envelope equation with a domain‐wall‐like mass term, we realize the subtle wave motions, which are chiral and immune to local defects. The underlying mechanism is the existence of topologically protected linear line modes, also referred to as edge states. However, we show that these robust linear modes do not survive with nonlinearity. We demonstrate the existence of nonlinear line modes, which can propagate in the nonlinear media based on high‐accuracy numerical computations. Moreover, we also report a new type of nonlinear modes, which are localized in both directions.
Scope and limitations of nuclear magnetic resonance techniques for characterisation and quantitation of vitamin D in complex mixtures
Authors: Robertson Cameron , Lucas Robert A. , Le Gresley Adam 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe accurate determination of vitamin D in skin is of considerable importance in evaluating penetration of skin health products through the different layers of the skin.ObjectiveWe report on the characterisation and quantitation of vitamin D in an idealised sample and in complex mixtures which mimic that of a typical skin cream, using qNMR, 2D NMR and DOSY techniques.MethodsThe characterisation and quantitation conditions were acquired over several heterogeneous samples, allowing for analysis of how the dynamic range and complexity of the different sample mixtures affect the limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantitation (LOQ) of vitamin D. NMR is of particular value to this task as it is non‐destructive, uses a primary ratio method for quantification, and tolerates a wide variety of hydrophilic and hydrophobic components within a given matrix.ResultsIn this investigation, we have attained a trueness level <10%, repeatability values of <1% and brought the limit of quantitation down to 100 nmol/L (≈limit of baseline range of vitamin D2 and D3 per litre seen in vivo), commenting on the limitations observed, such as peak overlap and sensitivity limits.ConclusionsPure shift optimised sequences allow us to reduce peak overlapping, allowing further characterisation of individual compounds and the separation of complex mixtures using NMR.