bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of milk consumption on acne: a meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Dai R. , Hua W. , Chen W. , Xiong L. , Li L. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundAcne is a common skin condition in developed countries with western diets. The effect of milk on acne has been highly controversial. To examine the association between milk consumption and acne risk, we conducted a meta‐analysis of available data.Materials and MethodsWe carried out comprehensive databases search of PubMed, Embase, Medline and Cochrane Library and identified four cohort studies and nine case–control or cross‐sectional studies, including a total of 71 819 participants. We evaluated the pooled odds ratio (OR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) using a random effects model. Subgroup analyses on acne severity, milk forms and milk intake levels were performed.ResultsCompared with non‐consumers, the pooled OR was 1.16 (95% CI 1.09–1.24) for overall milk consumers in all included studies, and 1.17 (95% CI 1.10–1.24) in cohort studies and 1.16 (95% CI 1.09–1.24) in case–control or cross‐sectional studies. Subgroup analysis on milk forms determined a stronger association in skim milk consumers (OR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.13–1.37) than in low‐fat consumers (OR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.08–1.22) and full‐fat consumers (OR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.05–1.21). The pooled OR was greater for high intake level of milk (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.01–1.24) than medium intake level of milk (OR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.00–1.17). A subset study of moderate‐to‐severe acne also found a positive association with milk consumption (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.01–1.37), while no statistically significant association was found between mild acne risk and milk consumption (OR 1.14, 95% CI 0.86–1.51).ConclusionThis meta‐analysis provides evidence of a positive association between milk consumption and acne risk.
Resources mediate selection on module longevity in the field
Authors: Svanfeldt Karin , Monro Keyne , Marshall Dustin J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe life histories of modular organisms are complicated, where selection and optimization can occur at both organismal and modular levels. At a modular level, growth, reproduction and death can occur in one module, independently of others. Across modular groups, there are no formal investigations of selection on module longevity. We used two field experiments to test whether selection acts on module longevity in a sessile marine invertebrate and whether selection varies across successional gradients and resource regimes. We found that selection does act on module longevity and that the strength of selection varies with environmental conditions. In environments where interspecific competition is high, selection favours colonies with longer zooid (module) longevity for colonies that initially received high levels of maternal investment. In environments where food availability is high and flow rate is low, selection also favours colonies with longer zooid longevity. These patterns of selection provide partial support for module longevity theory developed for plants. Nevertheless, that selection on module longevity is so context‐dependent suggests that variation in module longevity is likely to be maintained in this system.
Rethinking bias and truth in evidence‐based health care
Authors: Wieringa Sietse , Engebretsen Eivind , Heggen Kristin , Greenhalgh Trish 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn modern philosophy, the concept of truth has been problematized from different angles, yet in evidence‐based health care (EBHC), it continues to operate hidden and almost undisputed through the linked concept of “bias.” To prevent unwarranted relativism and make better inferences in clinical practice, clinicians may benefit from a closer analysis of existing assumptions about truth, validity, and reality.In this paper, we give a brief overview of several important theories of truth, notably the ideal limit theorem (which assumes an ultimate and absolute truth towards which scientific inquiry progresses), the dominant way truth is conceptualized in the discourse and practice of EBHC.We draw on Belgian philosopher Isabelle Stengers' work to demonstrate that bias means one thing if one assumes a world of hard facts “out there,” waiting to be collected. It means something different if one takes a critical view of the knowledge‐power complex in research trials. Bias appears to have both an unproductive aspect and a productive aspect as argued by Stengers and others: Facts are not absolute but result from an interest, or interesse: a bias towards a certain line of questioning that cannot be eliminated.The duality that Stengers' view invokes draws attention to and challenges the assumptions underlying the ideal limit theory of truth in several ways. Most importantly, it casts doubt on the ideal limit theory as it applies to the single case scenario of the clinical encounter, the cornerstone of EBHC. To the extent that the goal of EBHC is to support inferencing in the clinical encounter, then the ideal limit as the sole concept of truth appears to be conceptually insufficient. We contend that EBHC could usefully incorporate a more pluralist understanding of truth and bias and provide an example how this would work out in a clinical scenario.
Vertical bone augmentation in a single‐tooth gap with an allogenic bone ring: Clinical considerations
Authors: Giesenhagen Bernhard , Martin Nathalie , Donkiewicz Phil , Perić Kačarević Željka , Smeets Ralf , Jung Ole , Schnettler Reinhard , Barbeck Mike 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe main objective of this case report is to introduce a one‐stage bone block augmentation with a cylindrical freeze‐dried bone allograft (FDBA) and simultaneous implantation for the reconstruction of a single‐tooth bone defect.Clinical ConsiderationsThe report describes this method on the basis of radiographical and clinical images derived from a single patient.ConclusionsThe report demonstrates the time‐saving and successful application of this treatment concept, which has the potential to increase patient satisfaction and comfort.Clinical SignificanceThe application of the presented technique enabled a prosthetic rehabilitation of the extracted tooth about 3 months earlier as compared to the conventional procedure, while demonstrating no compromises regarding clinical outcome, functionality and esthetics.
Impacted teeth: Closed flap surgery
Authors: Nowzari Hessam , Rodriguez Angel Emmanuel 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe present pilot study evaluated the impact of closed flap surgical technique on periodontal tissues and the esthetic outcome.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐four consecutively treated patients with a mean age of 15 (range 12‐30) underwent closed flap surgery for the exposure of impacted teeth. The study evaluated periodontal probing depths, bone level, zone of keratinized tissue, and esthetic appearance after the completion of orthodontic treatment.ResultsTooth impaction was more frequent in females (No. 14) than males (No. 10) in this study. Palatal and buccal impactions were 77% and 23%, respectively. Post‐orthodontic treatment, periodontal probing depth averaged 2.2 mm and zone of keratinized gingiva averaged 3.6 mm. No discernible radiographic bone loss or root resorption was noticed. Overall, gingival margins provided an esthetic appearance in all cases.ConclusionClosed flap surgical technique was associated with periodontal health and esthetic outcomes for an average of 10 years post‐orthodontic treatment.Clinical SignificanceThe evolution of teeth and maxillary/mandibular bones has distinctively differed in origins and development contributing to tooth impaction and overcrowding. This study demonstrated that closed flap surgery is a reliable procedure for the treatment of impacted teeth that provides periodontal health and esthetic appearance post‐orthodontic treatment.
Multilocus sequence analysis revealed a high genotypic diversity of Aeromonas hydrophila infecting fish in Uganda
Authors: Wamala Samuel Posian , Mugimba Kizito Kahoza , Dubey Saurabh , Takele Abayneh , Munang'andu Hetron Mweemba , Evensen Øystein , Mutoloki Stephen , Byarugaba Denis Karuhize , Sørum Henning 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) was carried out to delineate Aeromonas hydrophila from fish in Uganda. Five housekeeping genes including recA, gyrB, metG, gltA and pps; and the 16S rRNA gene were amplified and sequenced from a total of nine A. hydrophila isolates. The obtained sequences were edited, and consensus sequences generated for each gene locus. The housekeeping gene sequences were concatenated and phylogenetic analysis performed in MEGA version 7.0.2. Pairwise distances ranged from 0.000 to 0.118, highest within the gltA gene locus and lowest within the 16S rRNA gene. The average evolutionary diversity within isolates from the same source ranged between 0.002 and 0.037, and it was 0.033 between the different sources. Similar tree topologies were obtained from the different gene loci with recA, metG and gyrB being more consistent in discriminating isolates according to sources while the 16S rRNA gene had the lowest resolution. The concatenated tree had the highest discriminatory power. This study revealed that A. hydrophila strains infecting fish in Uganda are of diverse genotypes suggesting different sources of infection in a given outbreak. Efforts to minimize spread of the bacteria across sources should be emphasized to control infections of mixed genotypes.
Age‐dependent changes of the mandible bone throughout the lifespan in female F344/N rat
Authors: Nishijima Kazutoshi , Ohno Tamio , Saito Ryoichi , Sumi Yasunori , Aoyama Hiroaki , Tanaka Shin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAge‐dependent changes of the mandible bone in female F344/N rats, aged 22–1196 days, were analyzed using physiological bone properties and morphology. Bone weight, bone area, bone mineral components, and bone mineral density were assessed using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. The bone weight, bone area, bone mineral components, and bone mineral density increased rapidly until approximately 150 days of age, increased gradually thereafter, and then stabilized or decreased after 910 days of age. The ratio of bone mineral components to bone weight (bone mineral ratio) increased rapidly until approximately 43 days of age and stabilized thereafter. Size of the mandible, which was measured at 13 points on mandible surface, increased with age, and the rate of change showed a similar pattern to the other parameters. From a principal component analysis on morphometric measurements, principal component 1 (size factor) increased proportionally with age, whereas principal component 2 (shape factor) decreased until approximately 88 days of age and then increased after 365 days of age. As a result, the scatter plots for principal component 1 and principal component 2 were V‐shaped, which indicates that the mandible developed in size, with deformation at younger ages, and recovered its original shape later in life. Our results revealed the occurrence of inflection points at approximately 43, 88, 150, 365, and 910 days of age. Some of these ages corresponded to transition points revealed by the age‐dependent changes of the occlusal mandibular condyle and tooth wear in the same rat.
Ultrasound to improve the safety of hyaluronic acid filler treatments
Authors: Schelke Leonie W. , Decates Tom S. , Velthuis Peter J. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryBackgroundHyaluronic acid fillers are known for a reliable safety profile, but complications do occur, even serious vascular adverse events.ObjectiveTo improve the safety of hyaluronic acid filler treatments.MethodsUltrasound is used to image hyaluronic acid fillers.ResultsBefore a filler treatment is performed with ultrasound, previous filler treatments can be brought in to sight and vascular mapping can be performed. In case of adverse events, the filler and the surrounding tissues are visible. Dislocation, abscesses, and vascular adverse events can be seen. Under ultrasound guidance, hyaluronidase can be injected directly into the filler deposit.ConclusionUltrasound examination can be an important tool to improve the safety of hyaluronic acid filler treatments.
Antera 3D camera: A novel method for evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of fractional CO2 laser for surgical incision scars
Authors: Zhang Nan , Shi Kai , Hong Lei , Zhao Jingchun , Yu Jiaao 
Published: August 2018

SummaryObjectiveTo introduce a novel method for evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of fractional CO2 laser for incision scars.MethodsA total of 72 patients after incision healing for at least 2 years were included in the series, with scars on neck, thyroid, chest, and limb from September 2013 to September 2016. The image of scar was taken by Antrea 3D camera before the treatment, VSS, and UN4P were also applied for scar evaluation. A total of four sessions at 4‐6 intervals were conducted to each patient. After 3 months of last session, a final assessment was carried out by Antera 3D and VSS, UN4P independently.ResultsThe Antera scores for color after 4 sessions were 8.78 ± 2.11, which were significantly lower than the prior treatment (9.62 ± 1.90, t = 2.51, P < 0.05). The Antera scores for texture after four sessions were 22.80 ± 5.23, which was significantly lower than the prior treatment (30.33 ± 5.41, t = 8.48, P < 0.05). The Antera scores for melanin levels after four sessions were 0.52 ± 0.05, which was significantly lower than the prior treatment (0.54 ± 0.05, t = 2.4, P < 0.05). The Antera scores for hemoglobin levels after four sessions were 1.88 ± 0.50, which was significantly lower than the prior treatment (2.11 ± 0.45, t = 2.90, P < 0.05). The Vancouver Scar scores after four sessions were 7.1 ± 2.0, which showed no statistically significant differences with the prior treatment (7.5 ± 2.4, t = 1.09, P = 0.25 > 0.05). The University of North Carolina "4P" Scar scores after four sessions were 6.6 ± 1.5, which also showed no statistically significant differences with the prior treatment (7.0 ± 1.9, t = 1.40, P = 0.15 > 0.05).ConclusionsFor scar therapeutic evaluation, Antera 3D camera is objective and accurate, and is worthy of wide promotion.
Prognostic impact of combined immunoprofiles in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients with respect to AJCC 8th edition
Authors: Gurin Dominik , Slavik Marek , Hermanova Marketa , Shatokhina Tetiana , Sana Jiri , Kazda Tomas , Selingerova Iveta , Ahmad Parwez , Smilek Pavel , Horakova Zuzana , Hendrych Michal , Slampa Pavel , Slaby Ondrej 
Published: August 2018

ObjectivesTo examine combined immunoprofiles of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), CD44, and p16 in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) and to correlate them with radiotherapy treatment outcomes and clinicopathological parameters. Prognostic impact of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 8th edition staging system in comparison with 7th edition was analyzed.MethodsThe study included 77 OPSCC patients treated by definitive intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). Clinical staging was assessed according to the AJCC, both 7th and 8th edition. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of CD44 and EGFR was performed on primary biopsy tumor tissues. To evaluate the HPV status, IHC detection of p16 was employed.ResultsThe AJCC 8th edition staging system revealed correlations between overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), locoregional control (LRC), and clinical stage. EGFR and CD44 positivity (+) and p16 negativity (−) were associated with clinical stage IV of the disease. CD44+ and EGFR+ OPSCC displayed worse OS and LRC, and these cases also showed the worst 3‐year OS and LRC. Combined analysis of protein expressions identified an association between p16− and EGFR+, p16− and CD44+, EGFR+, and CD44+. Combined immunoprofiles CD44+/p16−, EGFR+/p16−, and EGFR+/CD44+ were associated with worst OS and LRC.ConclusionsCombined immunoprofiles of p16, EGFR, and CD44 might provide valuable prognostic and predictive information for the individual OPSCC patients, especially in terms of response to IMRT and prediction of treatment outcomes. Application of the AJCC 8th edition staging for HPV+ OPSCC proved to improve hazard discrimination and prognostication of OPSCC.
Small intestinal epithelial permeability to water‐soluble nutrients higher in passerine birds than in rodents
Authors: Garro Cintia , Brun Antonio , Karasov William H. , Caviedes‐Vidal Enrique 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn the small intestine transcellular and paracellular pathways are implicated in water‐soluble nutrient absorption. In small birds the paracellular pathway is quantitatively important while transcellular pathway is much more important in terrestrial mammals. However, there is not a clear understanding of the mechanistic underpinnings of the differences among taxa. This study was aimed to test the hypothesis that paracellular permeability in perfused intestinal segments is higher in passerine birds than rodents. We performed in situ intestinal perfusions on individuals of three species of passerine birds(Passer domesticus,Taeniopygia guttataandFurnarius rufus) and two species of rodents (Mus musculusandMeriones ungiculatus). Using radio‐labelled molecules, we measured the uptake of two nutrients absorbed by paracellular and transcellular pathways (L‐proline and 3–O–methyl–D‐glucose) and one carbohydrate that has no mediated transport (L‐arabinose). Birds exhibited ~2 to ~3 times higher L‐arabinose clearance per cm2epithelium than rodents. Moreover, paracellular absorption accounted for proportionally more of 3–O–methyl–D‐glucose and L‐proline absorption in birds than in rodents. These differences could be explained by differences in intestinal permeability and not by other factors such as increased retention time or higher intestinal nominal surface area. Furthermore, analysis of our results and all other existing data on birds, bats and rodents shows that insectivorous species (one bird, two bats and a rodent) had only 30% of the clearance of L‐arabinose of non‐insectivorous species. This result may be explained by weaker natural selection for high paracellular permeability in animal‐ than in plant‐consumers. Animal‐consumers absorb less sugar and more amino acids, whose smaller molecular size allow them to traverse the paracellular pathway more extensively and faster than glucose.
Effect of immune modulators on in vitro activation and proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from multiparous Holstein cows peripartum
Authors: Wang Shaopu , Meese Susanne , Ulbrich Susanne E. , Bollwein Heinrich , Röntgen Monika , Gimsa Ulrike , Schwarm Angela 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis in vitro study examined the ability of important immune modulators [β‐hydroxybutyrate (BHB), cortisol, prolactin, isoproterenol and insulin] to influence the responsiveness of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from multiparous dairy cows 29 ± 2 days before and 14 ± 3 days after calving. The activation and proliferation of PBMC in response to the mitogen phytohemagglutinin was estimated by the oxygen consumption rate after 24 hr and the MTT (3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) method after 72 hr respectively. In early lactation, the presence of 2 compared to 0.5 mmol/L BHB reduced PBMC activation (p < 0.05) and proliferation (p < 0.10), and the presence of 0.7 compared to 0.2 ng/ml insulin enhanced (p < 0.10) PBMC proliferation. In dry cows, the presence of low concentrations of BHB and insulin and both concentrations of prolactin (20 vs. 300 ng/ml) and isoproterenol (70 vs. 130 ng/L) enhanced activation (p < 0.10), but not proliferation (p ≥ 0.10) compared to cultures with no modulator addition. The presence or absence of high or low concentrations of hydrocortisone (20 vs. 45 nmol/L) did not (p ≥ 0.10) influence the activation and proliferation of PBMC from dry and early lactating cows. It is tempting to speculate that in antepartum PBMC the modulators represented an energy source or positive extrinsic signals to use nutrients for the activation process. On the other hand, PBMC from postpartum cows are known to be exposed to a metabolic challenging endocrine background. Under such conditions, high BHB concentrations and high insulin concentrations seem to act as negative and positive signals for PBMC, respectively, to utilize nutrients for activation and proliferation.
Fine‐scale geographic patterns of gene flow and reproductive character displacement inDrosophila subquinariaandDrosophila recens
Authors: Dyer Kelly A. , Bewick Emily R. , White Brooke E. , Bray Michael J. , Humphreys Devon P. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWhen two species are incompletely isolated, strengthening premating isolation barriers in response to the production of low fitness hybrids may complete the speciation process. Here, we use the sister speciesDrosophila subquinariaandDrosophila recensto study the conditions under which this reinforcement of species boundaries occurs in natural populations. We first extend the region of known sympatry between these species, and then we conduct a fine‐scale geographic survey of mate discrimination coupled with estimates of gene flow within and admixture between species. WithinD. subquinaria, reinforcement is extremely effective: we find variation in mate discrimination both againstD. recensmales and against conspecific allopatric males on the scale of a few kilometres and in the face of gene flow both from conspecific populations and introgression fromD. recens. InD. recens, we do not find evidence for increased mate discrimination in sympatry, even whereD. recensis rare, consistent with substantial gene flow throughout the species’ range. Finally, we find that introgression between species is asymmetric, with more fromD. recensintoD. subquinariathan vice versa. Within each species, admixture is highest in the geographic region where it is rare relative to the other species, suggesting that when hybrids are produced they are of low fitness. In sum, reinforcement withinD. subquinariais effective at maintaining species boundaries, but even when reinforcing selection is strong it may not always result in a pattern of strong reproductive character displacement due to variation in the frequency of hybridization and gene flow from neighbouring populations.
The sialic acid transporter NanT is necessary and sufficient for uptake of 3‐deoxy‐d‐manno‐oct‐2‐ulosonic acid (Kdo) and its azido analog in Escherichia coli
Authors: Nilsson Inga , Prathapam Ramadevi , Grove Kerri , Lapointe Guillaume , Six David A. 
Published: August 2018

Summary3‐Deoxy‐d‐manno‐oct‐2‐ulosonic acid (Kdo) is an essential component of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in the Gram‐negative bacterial outer membrane. Metabolic labeling of Escherichia coli LPS with 8‐azido‐3,8‐dideoxy‐d‐manno‐oct‐2‐ulosonic acid (Kdo‐N3) has been reported but is inefficient. For optimization, it is important to understand how exogenous Kdo‐N3 enters the cytoplasm. Based on similarities between Kdo and sialic acids, we proposed and verified that the sialic acid transporter NanT imports exogenous Kdo‐N3 into E. coli. We demonstrated that E. coli ΔnanT were not labeled with Kdo‐N3, while expression of NanT in the ΔnanT mutant restored Kdo‐N3 incorporation. Induced NanT expression in a strain lacking Kdo biosynthesis led to higher exogenous Kdo incorporation and restoration of full‐length core‐LPS, suggesting that NanT also transports Kdo. While Kdo‐N3 incorporation was observed in strains having NanT, it was not detected in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, which lack nanT. However, heterologous expression of E. coli NanT in P. aeruginosa enabled Kdo‐N3 incorporation and labeling, though this led to abnormal morphology and growth arrest. NanT seems to define which bacteria can be labeled with Kdo‐N3, provides opportunities to enhance Kdo‐N3 labeling efficiency and spectrum, and raises the possibility of Kdo biosynthetic bypass where exogenous Kdo is present, perhaps even in vivo.