bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
mol2sphere: spherical decomposition of multi-domain molecules for visualization and coarse grained spatial modeling
Authors: Masison Joseph , Michalski Paul J , Loew Leslie M , Schuyler Adam D 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Proteins, especially those involved in signaling pathways are composed of functional modules connected by linker domains with varying degrees of flexibility. To understand the structure–function relationships in these macromolecules, it is helpful to visualize the geometric arrangement of domains. Furthermore, accurate spatial representation of domain structure is necessary for coarse-grain models of the multi-molecular interactions that comprise signaling pathways.

Results
We introduce a new tool, mol2sphere, that transforms the atomistic structure of a macromolecule into a series of linked spheres corresponding to domains. It does this with a k-means clustering algorithm. It may be used for visualization or for coarse grain modeling and simulation.

Availability and implementation
PyMOL plugin, source, and documentation

https://nmrbox.org/registry/mol2sphere. SpringSaLaD executables and documentation: http://vcell.org/ssalad, SpringSaLaD v.2 source: https://github.com/jmasison/SpringSaLaD.
‘Specimens of Bark Cloth, 1769’: the travels of textiles collected on Cook’s first voyage
Authors: Thomas Nicholas 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The voyages of Captain James Cook (1728–1779) inaugurated, among manifold historical processes, an encounter of textile traditions. Pacific Islanders were keenly interested in European fabrics; Europeans were fascinated by Oceanic textiles such as beaten bark cloth, which was extensively collected from Cook’s first voyage onwards. Among manifestations of European interest, bark cloth sample books such as those produced as multiples by Alexander Shaw in 1787 have been a focus of research and curatorial activity in recent years. This essay considers a recently-identified book of specimens which pre-dates Shaw’s by some fifteen years. It exemplifies a brief but seemingly intense European interest in Polynesian bark cloth, embracing the fabrics’ technical, material, aesthetic, social and ritual aspects.
Radial distribution of stellar motions in Gaia DR2
Authors: Kawata Daisuke , Baba Junichi , Ciucă Ioana , Cropper Mark , Grand Robert J J , Hunt Jason A S , Seabroke George 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
By taking advantage of the superb measurements of position and velocity for an unprecedented large number of stars provided in Gaia DR2, we have generated the first maps of the rotation velocity, Vrot, and vertical velocity, Vz, distributions as a function of the Galactocentric radius, Rgal, across a radial range of 5 &lt; Rgal &lt; 12 kpc. In the R − Vrot map, we have identified many diagonal ridge features, which are compared with the location of the spiral arms and the expected outer Lindblad resonance of the Galactic bar. We have detected also radial wave-like oscillations of the peak of the vertical velocity distribution.
Gender Differences in Negative Affect During Acute Tobacco Abstinence Differ Between African American and White Adult Cigarette Smokers
Authors: Pang Raina D , Bello Mariel S , Liautaud Madalyn M , Weinberger Andrea H , Leventhal Adam M 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Prior studies have found heightened negative affect following tobacco abstinence in women compared to men. However, experimental work addressing whether these findings generalize across racial groups is scarce. This study investigated whether race (non-Hispanic White vs. non-Hispanic African American) moderated gender differences in abstinence-induced negative affect and smoking behavior.

Methods
Data were collected from 2010 to 2017 from two separate laboratory studies investigating experimentally manipulated tobacco abstinence. Following a baseline session, adult daily smokers (≥10 cigarettes/day; women: n = 297, 83.8% non-Hispanic African American; men: n = 492, 86.2% non-Hispanic African American) attended two counterbalanced lab sessions (16 hours abstinent vs. non-abstinent) and completed self-report measures of negative affect followed by a laboratory analogue smoking reinstatement task.

Results
We found a gender × race interaction for several negative affect states and composite negative affect (βs = −.12 to −.16, Ps &lt; .05). Analyses stratified by race showed that non-Hispanic White women compared to non-Hispanic White men exhibited greater abstinence-induced increases in anger, anxiety, and composite negative affect (βs = −.20 to −.29, Ps &lt; .05). No significant gender differences in abstinence-induced negative affect were found for non-Hispanic African American smokers (βs = .00 to − .04, Ps &gt; .05).

Conclusion
These findings suggest that negative affect during acute tobacco abstinence may be a clinically important and intervenable factor that can inform cessation interventions specifically for non-Hispanic White women smokers. Further empirical exploration of mechanisms underlying interactions of gender and race in tobacco addiction may benefit smoking cessation efforts in non-Hispanic African American women smokers.

Implications
This study contributes to a scant body of research examining the intersectional influence of race and gender on abstinence-induced negative affect—a central, motivationally prepotent feature of tobacco withdrawal. Using a laboratory-based design to experimentally manipulate abstinence, we provide evidence of a gender × race interaction on negative affect–related withdrawal. Our findings suggest that gender differences in abstinence-induced negative affect observed among non-Hispanic White smokers may not generalize to non-Hispanic African American smokers, highlighting the need for future work to address potential mechanisms underlying the racially discrepant impact of gender on affective tobacco withdrawal.
VERA monitoring of the radio jet 3C 84 in the period of 2007–2013: Detection of non-linear motion
Authors: Hiura Koichiro , Nagai Hiroshi , Kino Motoki , Niinuma Kotaro , Sorai Kazuo , Chida Hikaru , Akiyama Kazunori , D’Ammando Filippo , Giovannini Gabriele , Giroletti Marcello , Hada Kazuhiro , Honma Mareki , Koyama Shoko , Orienti Monica , Orosz Gabor , Sawada-Satoh Satoko 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We present a kinematic study of the sub-parsec-scale radio jet of the radio galaxy 3C 84/NGC 1275 with the VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry (VERA) array at 22 GHz for 80 epochs from 2007 October to 2013 December. The averaged radial velocity of the bright component “C3” with reference to the radio core is found to be 0.27 ± 0.02 c between 2007 October and 2013 December. This constant velocity of C3 is naturally explained by the advancing motion of the head of the mini-radio lobe. We also find a non-linear component in the motion of C3 with respect to the radio core. We briefly discuss possible origins of this non-linear motion.
Do patients with and without a regular primary care physician have their psychological distress looked after differently?
Authors: Sun Kai Sing , Lam Tai Pong , Lam Kwok Fai , Lo Tak Lam , Chao David Vai Kiong , Lam Edmund Wing Wo , Wu Dan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundWhile qualitative studies suggested that continuity of care by primary care physicians (PCPs) facilitated consultations for psychological problems, there was limited quantitative evidence. This survey compared management of psychological distress between patients with and without a regular PCP.MethodsA questionnaire survey was conducted with 1626 adult primary care attenders from 13 private and 6 public clinics in Hong Kong. Management of psychological distress between respondents with a regular PCP and those without were compared. Effects of demographic factors were adjusted for by multivariable logistic regression.ResultsAmong the 1626 respondents, 650 (40.0%) reported that they had ever experienced psychological distress. Of the 650 respondents experienced distress, 307 (47.2%) had a regular PCP. A significantly higher proportion of patients with a regular PCP than those without reported: (i) their PCPs sometimes/often asked about psychological problems [37.7 versus 20.1%, adjusted OR = 2.241]; (ii) they sometimes/often mentioned their psychological problems to PCPs [45.2 versus 24.9%, adjusted OR = 2.503]; and (iii) their distress had been treated by PCPs [22.1 versus 13.4%, adjusted OR = 1.702].ConclusionPatients with a regular PCP have around double odds of receiving mental health care. Continuity of care by PCPs should be emphasized in mental health care delivery.
Can public financing of the private sector defeat antimicrobial resistance?
Authors: James Jack E 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Public financing to incentivise private sector innovation in antimicrobial pharmaceuticals is believed by many to be necessary to defeat growing threats from antimicrobial resistance. Large cash incentives from the public sector are said to be essential to stimulate ‘normal’ market forces capable of unleashing much-needed innovation. However, there is little evidence to suggest that lack of innovation in drug development is peculiar to antimicrobials or that current deficits in the supply of antimicrobials is due to unique inefficiencies in the antimicrobial market. Neither the history of drug development in general nor of antimicrobial innovation in particular supports economic interventions intended to stimulate private sector supply of new antimicrobials. On the contrary, public underwriting of the private sector, which by definition is compelled to prioritise profit, risks dire consequences for future global health.
CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated efficient and precise targeted integration of donor DNA harboring double cleavage sites in Xenopus tropicalis
Authors: Mao Cheng‐Zhou , Zheng Li , Zhou Yi‐Min , Wu Hai‐Yan , Xia Jing‐Bo , Liang Chi‐Qian , Guo Xiao‐Fang , Peng Wen‐Tao , Zhao Hui , Cai Wei‐Bin , Kim Soo‐Ki , Park Kyu‐Sang , Cai Dong‐Qing , Qi Xu‐Feng 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTThe clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated (Cas) 9 system has emerged as a powerful tool for knock‐in of DNA fragments via donor plasmid and homology‐independent DNA repair mechanism; however, conventional integration includes unnecessary plasmid backbone and may result in the unfaithful expression of the modified endogenous genes. Here, we report an efficient and precise CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated integration strategy using a donor plasmid that harbors 2 of the same cleavage sites that flank the cassette at both sides. After the delivery of donor plasmid, together with Cas9 mRNA and guide RNA, into cells or fertilized eggs, concurrent cleavages at both sides of the exogenous cassette and the desired chromosomal site result in precise targeted integration without plasmid backbone. We successfully used this approach to precisely integrate the EGFP reporter gene into the myh6 locus or the GAPDH locus in Xenopus tropicalis or human cells, respectively. Furthermore, we demonstrate that replacing conventional terminators with the endogenous 3UTR of target genes in the cassette greatly improves the expression of reporter gene after integration. Our efficient and precise method will be useful for a variety of targeted genome modifications, not only in X. tropicalis, but also in mammalian cells, and can be readily adapted to many other organisms.—Mao, C.‐Z., Zheng, L., Zhou, Y.‐M., Wu, H.‐Y., Xia, J.‐B., Liang, C.‐Q., Guo, X.‐F., Peng, W.‐T., Zhao, H., Cai, W.‐B., Kim, S.‐K., Park, K.‐S., Cai, D.‐Q., Qi, X.‐F. CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated efficient and precise targeted integration of donor DNA harboring double cleavage sites in Xenopus tropicalis. FASEB J. 32, 6495–6509 (2018). www.fasebj.org
Inflammasome activation in Kupffer cells confers a protective response in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis through pigment epithelium‐derived factor expression
Authors: Adak Moumita , Das Debajyoti , Niyogi Sougata , Nagalakshmi Challa , Ray Dipika , Chakrabarti Partha 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTHepatocellular death or ballooning distinguishes the transition of simple steatosis to irreversible nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the molecular mechanism of hepatocellular apoptosis in NASH is largely unclear, and discovery of endogenous mediators that could prevent or inhibit cell death is thereby critical in intercepting NASH progression. Here, we identified pigment epithelium‐derived factor (PEDF), a secreted, moonlighting hepatokine as 1 hepatoprotective agent in mice with diet‐induced NASH. Hepatic PEDF expression is induced by IL‐1β, which is derived from inflammasome activation in liver‐resident Kupffer cells, an effect that is negatively regulated by TNF‐α and predominantly secreted by monocyte‐derived, recruited, hepatic macrophages. Mechanistically, reciprocal and opposing roles for IL‐1β and TNF‐α in PEDF expression are mediated by differential activation of nf‐ΚB. Although augmented TNF‐α production leads to temporal reduction of PEDF expression in NASH, PEDF conversely abrogates TNF‐α‐mediated hepatocyte death by modulating the extrinsic apoptosis pathway. Thus, our study highlights PEDF as a functionally important hepatokine in NASH progression by linking inflammasome activation and hepatocellular death.—Adak, M., Das, D., Niyogi, S., Nagalakshmi, C., Ray, D., Chakrabarti, P. Inflammasome activation in Kupffer cells confers a protective response in nonalcoholic steatohe‐patitis through pigment epithelium‐derived factor expression. FASEB J. 32, 6510–6524 (2018). www.fasebj.org
The Changing Face of HIV Care: Expanding HIV Training in an Internal Medicine Residency Program
Authors: Barakat Lydia Aoun , Dunne Dana W. , Tetrault Jeanette M. , Soares Sarita , Chia David , Ogbuagu Onyema E. , Moriarty John P. , Huot Stephen J. , Green Michael L. 
Published: June 2018

Problem
People with HIV/AIDS are living longer and are at an increased risk of comorbidities. A qualified physician workforce is needed to care for this growing population.

Approach
In 2012, a novel three-year HIV training track (HIV TT) was implemented as part of the Yale Primary Care Residency Program. To prepare for the implementation of this program, a needs assessment was performed, a web-based curriculum and 12 HIV-specific entrustable professional activities (EPAs) were created, and adequate clinical training opportunities in HIV and primary care were established. Program evaluation included process, learner, and outcome evaluations from 2012 to 2017.

Outcomes
Since its inception, the HIV TT has enrolled a total of 11 residents (6–7 at a time), with 5 graduating to date. Residents delivered high-quality HIV and primary care for a diverse panel of patients; improved their knowledge and performance in HIV care, including according to the HIV-specific EPAs; and were highly satisfied with the program. All faculty remained with the program, and patients indicated satisfaction.

Next Steps
Next steps include enhanced coordination of residents’ schedules, improved EPA documentation, evaluation of residents’ HIV and non-HIV competence beyond residency, and monitoring graduates’ career trajectories. Expanding HIV training within internal medicine residency programs is feasible and effective and has the potential to alleviate the shortage of physicians trained to provide HIV care and primary care in a single setting.
EVALUATION OF MULTISPECTRAL IMAGING IN DIAGNOSING DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
Authors: Li Liang , Zhang Pu , Liu Hong , Liu Yu-Hua , Gao Ling 
Published: June 2018

Purpose:
To investigate multispectral imaging (MSI) as a novel diagnostic approach for diabetic retinopathy (DR) in clinic.

Methods:
A total of 50 Type-2 diabetic patients (99 eyes) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. All subjects underwent digital fundus photography (DFP), MSI, and fundus fluorescein angiography. A total exact agreement, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of no DR/mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and severe NPDR/proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) grading were calculated based on DFP and MSI and were compared with fundus fluorescein angiography.

Results:
Compared with fundus fluorescein angiography, the exact agreement for MSI was 0.835; for DFP, it was 0.614; the sensitivity for no DR/mild NPDR in both MSI and DFP was 100%, and for severe NPDR/PDR, it was 97.4% and 88.3%. The specificity for no DR/mild NPDR in MSI and DFP was 96.3% and 95%, and for severe NPDR/PDR, it was 100% in both. The positive predictive value for no DR/mild NPDR in MSI and DFP was 86.4% and 82.6%, and for severe NPDR/PDR, it was 100% in both; the negative predictive value for no DR/mild NPDR in MSI and DFP was 100%, and for severe NPDR/PDR, it was 91.7% and 71.0% in both.

Conclusion:
Multispectral imaging displayed an excellent agreement with fundus fluorescein angiography in DR grading, which suggested that it might serve as a new diagnostic technique and an informative tool for evaluating DR.
A Review of Current Concepts of the Etiology and Treatment of Myopia
Authors: Cooper Jeffrey , Tkatchenko Andrei V. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract:Myopia occurs in more than 50% of the population in many industrialized countries and is expected to increase; complications associated with axial elongation from myopia are the sixth leading cause of blindness. Thus, understanding its etiology, epidemiology, and the results of various treatment regiments may modify current care and result in a reduction in morbidity from progressive myopia. This rapid increase cannot be explained by genetics alone. Current animal and human research demonstrates that myopia development is a result of the interplay between genetic and the environmental factors. The prevalence of myopia is higher in individuals whose both parents are myopic, suggesting that genetic factors are clearly involved in myopia development. At the same time, population studies suggest that development of myopia is associated with education and the amount time spent doing near work; hence, activities increase the exposure to optical blur. Recently, there has been an increase in efforts to slow the progression of myopia because of its relationship to the development of serious pathological conditions such as macular degeneration, retinal detachments, glaucoma, and cataracts. We reviewed meta-analysis and other of current treatments that include: atropine, progressive addition spectacle lenses, orthokeratology, and multifocal contact lenses.
The Efficacy of a Comprehensive Reminder System to Improve Health Behaviors and Blood Pressure Control in Hypertensive Ischemic Stroke Patients
Authors: Wan Li-Hong , Zhang Xiao-Pei , You Li-Ming , Ruan Heng-Fang , Chen Shao-Xian 
Published: June 2018

Background and Objective:
The health behaviors of hypertensive stroke patients in China are not satisfactory. In this study, we tested the effect of a Health Belief Model Comprehensive Reminder System on health behaviors and blood pressure control in hypertensive ischemic stroke patients after occurrence and hospital discharge.

Methods:
A randomized, parallel-group, assessor-blinded experimental design yielded participation of 174 hospitalized hypertensive ischemic stroke patients. The intervention consisted of face-to-face and telephone health belief education, a patient calendar handbook, and weekly automated short-message services. Data were collected at baseline and 3 months after discharge.

Results:
Three months after discharge, the intervention group showed statistically, significantly better health behaviors for physical activity, nutrition, low-salt diet, and medication adherence. The intervention group also had statistically, significantly decreased systolic blood pressure and increased blood pressure control rate. Smoking and alcohol use behaviors were not affected.

Conclusion:
At 3 months, use of the Comprehensive Reminder System based on the Health Belief Model, yielded improvement in most health behaviors and blood pressure control in hypertensive ischemic stroke patients. Continued implementation of this intervention protocol is warranted to determine the long-term effect. Smoking and alcohol use behaviors need to be targeted with a different intervention.
Poor Oral Health Predicts Higher 10-Year Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: Hwang Seon Young , Shim Jae Lan , Kang Dayun , Choi Jungsoon 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Although the association between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been reported, whether periodontitis and poor oral health behavior influence CVD risk remains unclear.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to examine whether periodontal disease and poor oral health behavior predict 10-year general CVD risk using the Framingham Risk Score.

Methods:
Patients older than 30 years with no CVD history (n = 8370) were selected using cross-sectional study data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2013 and 2014. To reduce selection bias in this population-based study, propensity score matching analysis was used with SPSS and R programs to compare CVD risk.

Results:
Overall, 39.2% of the study population (n = 3277) had a global CVD risk of  10% or greater. In the low- and at-risk groups, 20.7% and 45.3% of patients, respectively, were diagnosed with periodontal disease by a dentist. Moreover, 43.2% and 62.8% of the low- and at-risk group patients, respectively, brushed teeth less than 3 times a day. After 1:1 propensity score matching of the low-risk (n = 1135) and at-risk (n = 1135) groups, bivariate analyses showed that a diagnosis of periodontal disease and less frequent toothbrushing were associated with a higher CVD risk (P < .001). Logistic regression analysis also showed that patients having periodontal disease and who brushed teeth less frequently were 1.38 and 1.33 times, respectively, more likely to be at risk of CVD (P < .001).

Conclusion:
Education on periodontitis management and oral hygiene behavior should be included, when strategies for public risk reduction of CVD are developed.
Dating of Traumatic Brain Injury in Forensic Cases Using Immunohistochemical Markers (I)
Authors: Romero Tirado María de los Ángeles , Blanco Pampin José Manuel , Gallego Gómez Rosalía 
Published: June 2018

AbstractStudies about head trauma are experimental or have a clinical or prognosis purpose. In this study, we used samples from human autopsies to answer common medical-legal questions.We studied 21 problem cases and 4 controls. Samples were obtained directly from the injured area, fixed in 10% formalin during 24 hours and then preserved in 70% ethanol. This procedure optimizes the immunohistochemical technique.The neurofilament antibody shows beaded axons since the first moment; over time, they increase their density and diameter as survival time also increases. These changes begin in the gray matter, 2 hours after trauma can be seen around vessels and in hemorrhagic areas. At 24 hours, beaded axons appear in the white mater, which finally loses its structure and cellular density.On the other hand, the β-amyloid precursor protein marker begins to be weakly seen 2 hours after injury. At 24 hours, a diffuse pattern can appear, suggesting primary traumatic injury. The marker reading keeps increasing until day 26, when a “Z” pattern appears in the white matter, suggesting secondary hypoxic injury.All these chronologic changes could be useful to approach the date of trauma. They let us to distinguish between long surviving cases from those whose death was immediate (within the first 30 minutes).