bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plan d’améliorations communautaires : Comment assurer la réussite?
Authors: Carrière Vanessa 
Published: May 2019

Dans cette recherche, il sera expliqué comment le gouvernement municipal peut assurer une implantation réussie de son Plan d’améliorations communautaires (PAC) pour ainsi attirer plus d’entreprises, de résidents et de touristes. Compléter la littérature d’un projet est une étape de franchie, par contre si les mesures d’implantation ne sont pas suivies, il sera impossible d’assurer sa réussite. Depuis janvier 2016, la municipalité de Russell offre le programme, par contre des améliorations doivent être apportées pour assurer une mise en œuvre plus efficace. Les étapes essentielles étant la promotion, l’observation, l’exécution et la révision seront détaillées par l’entremise d’études antérieures et d’études de cas réelles. Selon le Plan stratégique de développement économique 2014-2016 de la municipalité de Russell, l’un des objectifs pour soutenir la croissance de la communauté est de « promouvoir l’attrait de la population par le biais d’un développement urbain bien planifié, en phase avec les stratégies de Prescott-Russell pour fonder un lieu d’une qualité exceptionnelle » (Municipalité de Russell, 2015). Une mise en œuvre du Plan d’améliorations communautaires fondée sur les éléments essentiels à la réussite viendra certainement améliorer une communauté pour le meilleur.Mots-clés : Plan d’améliorations communautaires, programme incitatif, municipalité, développement économique
Small Business and Social Enterprise: To Thrive Not Fail
Authors: Barton Tina 
Published: May 2019

<p>Small businesses (those with up to 99 employees) are the most common business type in Canada – comprising 97.9 per cent of businesses, and contributing close to one-third of Canada’s gross domestic product (GDP). Yet a significant number of these businesses fail, with only about 50 per cent lasting at least five years, according to Industry Canada. Social enterprises – businesses that provide valuable products or services while delivering social and sometime environmental returns – struggle even more than small businesses to attract finance, grow, and sustain. What are the similarities and differences between these two groups’ needs, and how can Canada’s three levels of government and the broader business ecosystem better support small businesses and social enterprises to thrive? This paper takes a comprehensive look at key business needs, barriers to success, enabling factors, and policy incentives, drawing upon academic literature, studies and reports from the government, non-profit, and social enterprise sectors, as well as recommendations from business advocacy groups primarily from Canada and the United States. </p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Small business, social enterprise, business financing, business growth, business ecosystem, procurement policy</p>
Saving Small Business: The Urgent Need for Improved Business Succession Planning and how Immigrant Entrepreneurs can Help
Authors: Wayland Sarah V. 
Published: May 2019

<p>Small business is the backbone of the Canadian economy, yet fewer than half of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Canada currently have a succession plan in place. As such, many of these businesses could be at risk of closure, potentially reducing the wealth of the business owners in question and depriving communities of needed goods and services. This paper explores the possibility of business succession matching programs, with a focus on immigrants as potential purchasers of businesses. Immigrants are more likely to own a business than their Canadian-born counterparts, and a succession matching program could enable them to access established businesses, mentoring, and even creative financing to enhance their own chances of success as well as preserving desirable firms. The research is based on a review of existing literature, case studies and several interviews which identify an urgent need and potential solutions. </p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>succession planning, small enterprise, immigration, immigrant entrepreneurs</p>
Öğrenci Gözüyle Özel Bir Hastanedeki Hastaların Düşme Riski ve Hemşirelik Önlemleri
Authors: KARAASLAN Ebru , TUNA Arzu , SOYLU Ayşe 
Published: May 2019

Amaç :Bu araştırma ile hastaların
İtaki Düşme Riski ölçeğine göre düşme risklerini belirlemek ve alınan önlemleri saptamak amaçlandı.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırma
nın örneklemini özel bir hastanede yatan 196 hasta oluşturdu. Veriler İtaki Düşme Riski Ölçeği ile
toplandı. Alınan önlemler hastaların düşme riskine yönelik oluşturulan anket
ile klinik hemşireleriyle bire bir görüşme yapılarak belirlendi. Düşme riskine
yönelik çevreyi değerlendirme formunda klinik ortamdaki ışıklandırma, hemşire
çağrı butonu, tutunma bariyerleri, zeminin yapısı incelendi. Toplanan verilerin
istatistik analizi SPSS programında yapıldı ve sayı, yüzde olarak verildi.

Bulgular: Araştırma ya
katılan hastaların yaş ortalaması 59.36 (+15.37) olduğu saptandı. Minör
risk faktörlerinde alınan en yüksek puan 8, majör risk faktörlerinden alınan en
yüksek puan 25, genel toplamda alınan en yüksek puan ise 32 olarak tespit edildi.
Hemşirelerin hastaların düşme riskini belirlediği ve kişiye özgü önlemler
aldığı saptandı.

Sonuç: Düşme riskine sahip
hastaların oranının yüksek olduğu tespit edildi. Bu oranı en çok etkileyen
faktörler ise kullanılan riskli ilaçlar, kullanılan ekipmanlar, kronik
hastalıklar olarak saptandı ve hemşirelerin düşme riskine yönelik klinik
önlemler aldığı belirlendi.
YÖNETİŞİM VE EKONOMİK PERFORMANS BAĞLAMINDA OECD ÜLKELERİNİN KONUMLARI
Authors: GÜZEL Simla , MURAT Dilek 
Published: May 2019

Son yıllarda
başarılı yönetişimin ekonomik performansa etkisi tartışmaların odak noktası haline
gelmiştir. Yönetişimin ekonomik büyüme ve gelişme üzerindeki rolünün önemli
olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmada OECD ülkelerinin, yönetişim değişkenleri
ve bazı makroekonomik değişkenler açısından kümelenmeleri amaçlanmaktadır. Bu
sayede söz konusu ülkelerin birbirlerine göre konumlarının yanı sıra Türkiye
ile olan konumları da belirlenmiştir. Otuz beş OECD üyesi ülkenin ele alındığı
araştırmada kümeleme analizi kullanılarak yedi değişkene ilişkin derlenen 2016
yılı verileri analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre; bu ülkeler üç farklı kümede gruplanmış ve
Türkiye’nin Meksika ile aynı küme altında toplandığı tespit edilmiştir.
Examining the Effect of Social-Emotional Prevention Program on Social and Communication Skills of Disadvantaged Preschool Children
Authors: GÜLAY OGELMAN Hülya , ERTEN SARIKAYA Hatice , GÜNGÖR Hande , KÖRÜKÇÜ Özlem 
Published: May 2019

The purpose of the project was to investigate the effect of
the Social-Emotional Prevention Program on social and communication skills of
4-6 year-old children attending preschool education and having families with
low socio-economic level. In the study, quasi-experimental design with
pretest-posttest group was used. Three experimental groups and one control group
were included in the project. Average age of the children in all the groups was
5 years, 1 month, and 27 days (minimum 4 years, 1 month, and 16 days; maximum 6
years and 3 days). 83 children and 83
mothers including 25 children and 25 mothers in the age group of 4-6 years from
Experimental Group 1, 16 children and 16 mothers from Experimental Group 2, 16
children and 16 mothers from Experimental Group 3, and 26 children and 26
mothers from Control Group were included in the project. All of 83 children
involved in the all groups were attending independent kindergartens affiliated
with Ministry of National Education, Provincial Directorate for National
Education of Denizli in Pamukkale and Tavas districts of Denizli. Personal
Information Form, Social Skills Evaluation Scale (SSES), and Communication
Skills Scale (Teacher Form) were used as the data collection tools in the
project. According to the results of the study, implementing Social-Emotional
Prevention Program together with family involvement activities, implementing
only Social-Emotional Prevention Program, and implementing only family
involvement activities led to significant improvements in the social and
communication skills of the children compared to the control group.
The Impact of Literature Circles on the Motivation of Turkish EFL Students towards Literature: An Evaluation of Teachers’ Perceptions
Authors: AVCI Nilay 
Published: May 2019

This study aims to determine why teachers prefer implementing literature circles. It also aims to discover if the literature circle helps students’ comprehension of literature and language and how it affects students’ attitudes towards reading through teachers’ perceptions. Along with the presence, implementation and effect of literature circles in education, processes and changes that students go through while taking part in the circles based on selected literary works were investigated. When the data gathered through interviews with circle teachers were analysed, it supported the view that use of literature circles clearly helps students to understand literature better by increasing their desire to read. Additionally, the view that students’ general attitudes towards reading change positively after taking part in the circles was supported by the results. The results also emphasized that students can develop better comprehension techniques in the circles which will enable them to use the literature for authentic and meaningful purposes.
Assessment of the Deformation of the Outer Nuclear Layer in the Epiretinal Membrane Using Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Takagi Seiji , Kudo Shigeki , Yokota Hideo , Akiba Masahiro , Mandai Michiko , Hirami Yasuhiko , Takahashi Masayo , Kurimoto Yasuo , Ishida Masahiro 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background

We aimed to investigate the deformation of the outer nuclear layer using optical coherence tomography in patients with epiretinal membrane (ERM) and its relationship with metamorphopsia.

Methods

Thirty-nine eyes from 39 patients with ERM were included in the study. Patients with the subtypes of pseudo macula hole and lamellar hole were excluded. Twenty-one fellow eyes without macular disease were included as normal controls. Forty-nine B-scan images were obtained in the range of 20 degrees around the macula using SD-OCT. The outer nuclear layer (ONL) was evaluated as a three-dimensional image (3D-ONL) reconstructed using the distance between the ONL and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) line. The deformation of the ONL was figured at the reference plane and evaluation plane (ONL-B). The characteristic parameters of the ONL-B were defined as circularity, area ratio, and axis ratio. The correlations between these parameters and visual acuity and MCHART score ratio (MH/MV) were then evaluated.

Results

ONL height was significantly higher in ERM patients than in normal controls (54.1 ± 5.3 μm and 84.1 ± 12.9 μm, respectively; P<0.001). In ERM patients, the MV score was 0.53 ± 0.50, the MH score was 0.71 ± 0.61, and the distance from the RPE line to the ONL-B was 153.5 ±13.5µm. The axis of the ONL-B in normal controls and ERM patients was -6.25±21.8 and -1.28±29.1, respectively, which indicates that the ONL is horizontally long in both normal individuals and ERM patients. The circularity and area ratio were significantly smaller in ERM patients than in normal controls. In all ERM patients, MH/MV had a significant correlation with axis (r=-0.29, p=0.034), circularity (r=-0.28, p=0.044), area ratio (r=-0.47, p=0.001). Moreover, we found that the correlation was more significant if the subjects had an axis of the ONL within ± 10 degrees (n=16); the correlations of MH/MV with axis (r=-0.29, p=0.034), circularity (r=-0.53, p=0.021), and area ratio were more significant (r=-0.78, P<0.0001).

Conclusion

The ONL is horizontally long in normal individuals and ERM patients. The direction of metamorphopsia is correlated with the direction of ONL deformation.
Comparison of vascular parameters between normal cynomolgus macaques and healthy humans by optical coherence tomography angiography
Authors: Peng Jingyi , Zhong Liuxueying , Ma Li , Jin Jiayi , Zheng Yongxin , Jin Chenjin 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background: The metabolic activity of retina is higher than other human tissues and is crucial to the vision. Cynomolgus macaques is widely used in ophthalmic disease research. The evaluation and comparison of macular and optic disc vascular circulation parameters between normal adult cynomolgus macaques and healthy adult humans using OCT-A can promote better use of nonhuman primate models in studies of ophthalmic vascular disease. Methods: 12 normal adult cynomolgus macaques with a mean age of 4.91±0.43 years were studied for data collection. The macula of 28 adult healthy humans (14 males and 14 females), with a mean age of 25.11±6.21 years and the optic discs of 9 adult healthy humans (4 males and 5 females) with a mean age of 28.56±6.78 years were measured. The vessel density (VD) was measured using an RTVue XR with AngioVue. The scan sizes of the macular and optic discs were 3×3 mm and 4.5×4.5 mm, respectively. Results: OCT-A can image the superficial and deep capillary plexuses and radial peripapillary capillary network. In RPC layer of the optic disc, the VD in the nasal quadrant was lower than the VD in the inferior temporal quadrant. Similarities and significant differences in VD between healthy humans and cynomolgus macaques were obtained using OCT-A. Conclusions: This study provides normal vascular parameters for adult cynomolgus macaques using OCT-A to help establish an optical parameter database for cynomolgus macaques and compare VD between healthy humans and cynomolgus macaques to promote choroid-retinopathy research. Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials NCT03692169
Epidemiological, Clinical characteristics and Drug resistance situation of Culture-confirmed Children TBM in Southwest of China: A 6-Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Wang meidong , Liao Yi , Li Feng-Qing , Zhu Ma , Wu Hui-Gui , XU Hong-Yuan , Luo Jia , Li Jie-Ying , Zhong Jing 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background: There are little data on the disease in children. This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological, clinical characteristics and drug resistance situation of culture-confirmed children TBM in Southwest of China，and hope this study will provide some recommendations to readers in clinical or related fields.
Methods: We performed a retrospective study including children <14 years of age with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture-confirmed TBM between January 2013 and December 2018 at Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu (PHCCC). Nontuberculosis Mycobacteria (NTM) were excluded. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) drug sensitivity testing (DST) was performed using the MicroDSTTM method. The age, gender, family history of tuberculosis, status of Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination, residential areas information, clinical, laboratory and radiological features were recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics Client 19.0, and the change in drug resistance rate was analyzed using the chi-square (2) test.
Results: From 3467 probable TBM patients recruited, 295 cases were Mycobacterial culture-positive, the positive rate of 8.5 per 100 patients, included 253 adults and 42 children. We included all the 42 children <14 years of age for this study, the median age was 9 years, sex distribution was equal, of which 1/42 (2.38%) died. The geographical distribution of children's TBM in southwest of China is mainly concentrated in the minority areas of western Sichuan. Thirty-four (81.0%) children TBM patients is the population of China's ethnic minorities, only 2/42 (4.76%) had BCG vaccination histories. All the 42 patients had varying degrees of Chest X-rays changes and 18/42(42.9%) merger of extracranial TB. Fever and headache are the most common presenting symptom. Thirty-five (83.3%) with neck stiffness and 30/42(71.4%) with high CSF pressure. DST results showed that the resistance rate was high, to any anti-tuberculosis drug (ATD) resistance was 18 (42.9%), to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and pre-XDR rate were 1 (2.4%) respectively.
Conclusions: TBM in Children in Southwest China were mainly concentrated in the minority areas of western Sichuan, presents with nonspecific clinical features and all with positive chest X-ray findings. High rates of drug resistance were founded. More than 95% of patients were lack of BCG vaccination at birth.
Chromophore Assisted Retinal Break Detection To Manage Challenging Situations In Retinal Detachment Redo Surgery
Authors: Berarducci Antonio , Colasante Martina , Laborante Antonio 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this case series is to demonstrate that subretinal blue dye injection, with and without 180 degree endolaser retinopexy, can be considered a useful tool in finding occult rhegmatogenous retinal breaks in eyes with recurrent retinal detachment.
CASE PRESENTATION: Three patients with recurrent retinal detachment were treated between January and March 2018. In all cases the intraoperative internal search did not demonstrate any obvious break or hole. Membraneblu-dual (Trypan Blue 0,15% + Brilliant Blu G 0,025% + 4% PEG) was then injected into the subretinal space using a 41 Gauge cannula. The eye was rotated such that the dye was pushed through a tiny break which was causing the retinal detachment. A 180 degree laser retinopexy was performed on a single eye. After silicon oil removals and absorption of the gas tamponade respectively, retinas remained attached at three months follow up.
CONCLUSIONS: Chromophore assisted occult retinal break detection can be considered a useful and safe surgical technique in managing some unexpected and challenging intraoperative situations.
Keywords: chromophore, subretinal, occult, retinal, detachment
Evaluation of Drug Resistance from Sputum Specimens of Suspected Tuberculosis Patients attending a District Hospital, Abuja
Authors: Anzaku Abbas Abel 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background: This study evaluated the prevalence of drug resistant tuberculosis infection among suspected tuberculosis patients attending Asokoro District Hospital (ADH), Abuja, Nigeria. Methods: A total of 301 AFB+/- sputum specimens from suspected TB patients were collected for the study following study approval from Asokoro District Hospital Ethic Committee. Eighty-nine (89) identified Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex were isolated after morphological and biochemical testing. Sputum specimens collected from the patients were processed, cultured on Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) media and subjected to in-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The eighty-nine (89) identified M. tuberculosis complex isolates were challenged with Rifampicin (RIF), Isoniazid (INH), Ethambutol (EMB) and Streptomycin (SM) drugs respectively. Results: Out of the total 89 samples analyzed, 13 (14.6%) showed resistance to the first-line drugs while 76 (85.4%) were susceptible. Drug resistance was identified in 10 (11.8%) of the new tuberculosis case (primary drug resistance cases) and 3 (75%) in re-treatment cases (secondary or acquired resistance). Prevalence of mono-resistant, double resistant and triple resistant patterns were 5 (5.7%), 6 (6.7%) and 2 (2.2%) respectively. Multi-drug resistant (resistant to both RIF and INH, the two most potent anti-tuberculosis drugs, with or without resistant to other drugs) was 1.1%. No isolate was resistant to all the four drugs. Conclusion: Drug resistance were observed in the cultures of M. tuberculosis complex, however no isolate showed resistance to all the four first-line drugs used. This study therefore recommends strict adherent to medication for tuberculosis patients as poor compliance or inappropriate use of drugs could induce resistance.
Keywords: Drug resistance, M. tuberculosis complex, antimicrobial susceptibility, Abuja, sputum, first-line drugs.
Optimizing the dynamic response of pressure reducing valves to transients in water networks
Authors: Zaki Khaled , Imam Yehya , El-Ansary Amgad 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Pressure reducing valves (PRVs) are typically used to regulate excessive pressure in water distribution networks. During transient events, the dynamic response of PRVs may adversely affect pressure fluctuations in distribution networks. In this study, the dynamic response of PRVs was analyzed by developing a numerical model that coupled an existing water-hammer model and a two-parameter dynamic PRV model. PRV parameters were calibrated, and the model was validated using previous experimental observations. The model was then used to study the effect of PRV dynamics during transient events in a distribution network. To optimize the rate of PRV opening and closure and control its dynamic response, the model was interfaced with an optimization algorithm based on shuffled complex evolution. The applied objective function gave PRV parameters that accelerated damping of the transient pressure waves and minimized the root-mean-square deviation from post-transient steady pressure at all nodes in the network. The results of this study indicate the importance of accounting for PRV response when simulating transients in water distribution networks. This study also highlights the need for PRV manufacturers to include in their product catalogs dynamic PRV parameters for use in transient analysis.
Electrochemical Detection of ct-dsDNA on Nanomaterial-modified Carbon Based Electrodes
Authors: Bozal-Palabiyik Burcin , Dogan-Topal Burcu , Moghaddam Abdolmajid Bayandori , Ozkan Sibel A. , Kazemzad Mahmood , Uslu Bengi 
Published: May 2019

Background:
Nanomaterials have a significant role in improving the performance of electrochemical
sensing systems. Unique physical and chemical properties have extended the application of
nanomaterials in the fields of engineering, materials and biomedical science. In the last few years, these
materials with unique properties have been preferred in the design of experimental approaches for the
analysis of metal ions, proteins, biomarkers and pharmaceutical compounds. This paper reports preparation,
characterization of two different nanomaterials and their electrochemical application on doublestranded
calf-thymus DNA signals.

Methods:
The multi-walled carbon nanotubes were functionalized with amine groups (MWCNTs-NH2)
by employing the dielectric barrier discharge plasma treatment and then applied as MWCNTs-
NH2/glassy carbon electrode. Moreover, the synthesized mesoporous silica MCM-41 was chemically
amine functionalized and used as MCM-41-NH2/carbon paste electrode. For biosensor preparation, a
thin layer of calf thymus double stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ct-dsDNA) was immobilized over the
modified electrodes.

Results:
The influence of dsDNA immobilized substrate was investigated based on the electrochemical
signals. While dsDNA/MCM-41-NH2/carbon paste biosensor showed a selective effect for guanine
signals, the dsDNA/MWCNTs-NH2/glassy carbon biosensor presented electrocatalytic effect for dsDNA
signals. Both dsDNA modified electrodes were employed to explore the interaction between the
dsDNA and the anticancer drug etoposide (ETP) in aqueous solution through voltammetric techniques.
By increasing the interaction time with ETP, the adenine peak current was quenched in the presence of
MWCNTs-NH2 based glassy carbon electrode. Whereas, in the presence of MCM-41-NH2 based CP
electrode, selective interaction with guanine occurred and oxidation peak intensity was diminished.

Conclusion:
The selective effect of MCM-41-NH2 can be used when the studied substances give a signal
with the same potential of adenine.