bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wetlands as pollution processors
Authors: Herrmann Jan , Thoren Ann-Karin 
Published: April 2019

After decades of successful measures against point sources of nutrients in industrial countries, we still have severe problems with diffuse pollution. For treatment of excessive nitrogen from agricultural and urban areas, in the form of nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium(NH4+), wetlands (including dams and buffer zones) are constructed to favour the microbial processes that lead to denitrification of and NH4+ and NO3-, via nitrite (NO2-) and nitrous oxide (N2O), to atmospheric nitrogen (N2). hnportant factors when designing "optimal wetlands" are hydrology, temperature, sufficient carbon source, water residence time, and alternating aerobic/anaerobic conditions. Also biomass uptake and sedimentation of both nitrogen and phosphorus help with reduction of the nutrients. Conditions and possibilities for wetlands in their accumulation of storm water are also described. The importance of biological diversity in wetlands are several: more fragmentation by invertebrates, more plant surface types, more nutrient biomass uptake, more bioturbation by various animals, and more biomass that can accumulate toxicants. The efficiency and biodiversity of wetlands are due to their trait being ecotones between land and water, causing large spatial and temporal variations. Finally the recreational, esthetical and broad pedagogical values of wetlands, as well as the need of better follow-up studies, are emphasised.
Конструирование социальной реальности в техносоциальном пространстве: новые вопросы и идеи
Authors: Пинчук Антонина Николаевна 
Published: April 2019

<p>В статье рассматривается развитие концептуальных идей о конструировании новой социальной реальности в контексте перехода от социального к техносоциальному пространству. Представлены глобальные инновационные тренды, способные в долгосрочной перспективе значительно изменить облик информационно-технологической инфраструктуры, что сопряжено с серьезными социальными эффектами. Анализируются ключевые работы последователей феноменологического направления, акцентирующих ментальную сторону конструирования социальной реальности. Изучены концепции материалистической феноменологии, в рамках которой переосмысливается роль медиатехнологий в формировании социальной реальности.</p><p>С опорой на концепт медиатизации показывается трансформация коммуникативных фигураций, преобразование социального пространства и времени, подчеркивается возрастающая роль датификации. Отмечается интеграция феноменологической мысли в разработки новой междисциплинарной отрасли научного знания — человеко-компьютерное взаимодействие.</p>
Negative Pressure Wound Therapy for Necrotizing Fasciitis and Compartment Syndrome of the Upper Extremity — a case report
Authors: Enyedi Attila , Mudriczki Gábor , Bazsó Tamás , Győry Ferenc , Susán Zsolt , Damjanovich László , Szentkereszty Zsolt 
Published: April 2019

Aims: Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a life threatening infection of the subcutaneous tissues that spreads along the underlying fascia. Despite the early and aggressive surgical fasciotomy and necrosectomy its mortality rate is still high. In NF the negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has good effects on wound healing and on the primary closure of the concomitant extended tissue defects.
Case report: A 32 year-old male patient was admitted with four-day history of fever (39.1 C⸰), pain, swelling, erythema of the right elbow and upper arm. On admission extensive erythema and swelling were seen on the right forearm, arm and the pectoral region with superficial skin bullas on it. On the basis of the clinical signs, laboratory tests, immediate surgery was indicated. Extended fasciotomy and necrosectomy were performed on the full extremity and pectoral region. Negative pressure wound therapy was started immediately with -120 mmHg of pressure. Antibiotic therapy was also administered.
Results: After five cycles of NPWT the patient recovered without the need of any plastic surgical intervention. The functional and aesthetic results were excellent.
Conclusion: In case of extended NF of the upper extremity the aggressive surgery and NPWT are safe and effective.
PRINSIP NEED FOR COGNITION UNTUK DESAIN IKLAN
Authors: Mangestuti Retno 
Published: April 2019

Stressing only on creative strategy (theme, lay out, color, typography, or special effect), it has not been sufficient yet, for designing an advertisement. We need to consider need for cognition (NFC) of consumers. NFC is individual need for think and understand information carefully and clearly.Understanding NFC of consumers properly will make the design of an advertisement appropriate its aim, means that an advertisement get to the point of delivering information of product and influence the attitude of consumers to the product.<br /><br />Keywords: advertisement, need for cognition (NFC), and consumers.
Isolated Leptomeningeal Enhancement in Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Encephalitis: A case report
Authors: Niu Peng-Peng , Song Bo , Xu Yu-Ming 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background

Magnetic resonance imaging findings of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (anti-NMDA) receptor encephalitis have been reported to lack specificity. The hippocampus, frontal lobe, white matter, basal ganglia, and even spinal cord can be involved. However, isolated leptomeningeal enhancement is rare in anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis.

Case presentation

We report a 17-year-old boy who presented with a 2-week history of mild fever and progressive encephalopathy with behavioral and psychological abnormalities. Finally, a diagnosis of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis was made. Initial magnetic resonance imaging results revealed diffuse contrast enhancement of the leptomeninges without parenchymal lesions. After treatment with high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone, plasma exchange, and intravenous immunoglobulin, the enhancement showed substantially decrease at the 3-week follow-up.

Conclusions

This case is unusual because isolated leptomeningeal enhancement is rare in anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. The present case suggests that isolated diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement could be one of the imaging findings in patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis.
A national survey of videolaryngoscopy in Hungary
Authors: Nagy Balint 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background

Videolaryngoscopy (VL) as a new airway management technique has evolved in recent decades, and a large number of videolaryngoscopes are now available on the market. Most recent major guidelines already recommend the immediate availability and use of VL in difficult airway management scenarios. However, national data on the availability of VL, introduction into practice and patterns of use are rarely published. Therefore, the current study aimed to provide data on VL in Hungary.

Methods

An electronic survey was designed and popularized with the help of the Hungarian Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy to explore the availability, use, and practice of and attitudes toward VL among Hungarian anesthesiologists. The survey was conducted in 2018 and ended on 31.12.2018.

Results

In total, 324 forms were returned and analyzed. Responders were mainly males (58%), specialists (80%) and those involved in anesthesia (68%) in the public sector. Two hundred and ten (65%) responders had access to various videolaryngoscopes and were mainly from surgery, intensive care and traumatology units. No responders reported the availability of eight videolaryngoscopes out of the eighteen listed devices, and 32% of the responders had never used any videolaryngoscope in clinical settings. The most commonly available devices were KingVision, MacGrath Mac and Airtraq. Most of the responders reported using videolaryngoscopes mainly for difficult airway management and reported using a fiberscope as the first alternative device. Popular methods for selecting videolaryngoscopes included the following: short clinical trial (n=67/324), decision of the departmental lead (n=65/324) and price (n=54/324). The majority of responders had some training prior to clinical application, but training was mainly voluntary. Overall, 98% of the responders considered videolaryngoscopes beneficial.

Conclusions

Approximately two-thirds of Hungarian anesthesiologists have immediate access to videolaryngoscopes, which are used mainly for difficult airway management. The overall attitude towards VL is positive, and many videolaryngoscopes are known and have been used by Hungarian anesthesiologists. However, only a few devices on the market are used commonly. Based on the results, further improvement might be recommended regarding VL training and availability.
System for Preparing and Applying 15N‐Labeled Anhydrous Ammonia in Field Plot Research
Authors: Griesheim K.L. , Mulvaney R.L. , Smith T.J. 
Published: April 2019

Core Ideas
A manifold is described for preparing kilogram quantities of 15NH3.
The 15NH3 is condensed into a collection tank that allows the use of a nitrification inhibitor.
The collection tank connects to a tractor‐mounted toolbar for knifed applications to field plots.
Although direct application of anhydrous ammonia (NH3) is a common practice for Midwestern corn (Zea mays L.) production in the USA, field studies utilizing 15N to quantify nitrogen (N) uptake efficiency have long been impeded by the difficulties and safety hazards inherent to a liquified gas that must be handled and applied under pressure. A manifold system is described for transferring known quantities of NH3 from labeled and unlabeled sources to obtain a desired 15N enrichment, and for collecting the mixture cryogenically in a tank specifically configured for knifed applications using a tractor‐mounted tool bar. Enrichments of 1.2 to 1.5 atom% 15N were obtained for 3 kg of NH3 prepared within a normal working day by a 15‐fold dilution with 10 atom% 15N as the starting label. A collection capacity of such magnitude represents a 3000% upscaling over systems previously described for this purpose, providing an essential prerequisite for field plot research to realistically assess the fate and fertilizer value of anhydrous NH3.
Bias correction of daily precipitation over South Korea from the long-term reanalysis using a composite Gamma-Pareto distribution approach
Authors: Kim Dong-Ik , Kwon Hyun-Han , Han Dawei 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Long-term precipitation data plays an important role in climate impact studies, but the observation for a given catchment is very limited. To significantly expand our sample size for the extreme rainfall analysis, we considered ERA-20c, a century-long reanalysis daily precipitation provided by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Preliminary studies have already indicated that ERA-20c can reproduce the mean reasonably well, but rainfall intensity is underestimated while wet-day frequency is overestimated. Thus, we first adopted a relatively simple approach to adjust the frequency of wet-days by imposing an optimal threshold. Moreover, we introduced a quantile mapping approach based on a composite distribution of a generalized Pareto distribution for the upper tail (e.g. 95th and 99th percentile), and a gamma distribution for the interior part of the distribution. The proposed composite distributions provide a significant reduction of the biases over the conventional method for the extremes. We suggested an interpolation method for the set of parameters of bias correction approach in ungauged catchments. A comparison of the corrected precipitation using spatially interpolated parameters shows that the proposed modelling scheme, particularly with the 99th percentile, can reliably reduce the systematic bias.
Quantification of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in surface water: a risk assessment and molecular characterization
Authors: Bataiero M. O. , Araujo R. S. , Nardocci A. C. , Matté M. H. , Sato M. I. Z. , Lauretto M. S. , Razzolini M. T. P. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This study aimed to estimate the annual probability of Giardia and Cryptosporidium infection for a population supplied by contaminated drinking water sources. Parasites were quantified by the USEPA Method 1623.1/2012. Annual risk was estimated using the quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) approach. Genotyping was performed using specific primers based on the 18S rRNA gene for Cryptosporidium and gdh gene for Giardia. Giardia was detected in 83.3% of the samples (&lt;0.1 to 8.6 cysts/L) and Cryptosporidium in 37.5% (&lt;0.1 to 2 oocysts/L). In general, annual risk values for Giardia were 1 log higher when compared with those obtained for Cryptosporidium. Giardia intestinalis A and B were present as well as C. hominis and C. parvum. The lack of protection measures for the water supply catchment point put the population's health at risk. The results provide data to support decision-makers to take actions to improve environmental quality resulting in a positive impact on consumers' health.
Analysis on Public’s Response Toward Bus Reform Policy in Indonesia Considering Latent Variables
Authors: Saleh Sofyan M. , Sugiarto Sugiarto , Anggraini Renni 
Published: April 2019

Background:
Public Transport (PT) is commonly recognized as a valid transport policy to reduce car and motorcycle users in many developing countries. In emerging countries such as Indonesia, a city like Banda Aceh has not run-away from the influences of impecunious public transportation services such as insufficient quality of services. The need for public transport reforms in achieving efficiency and sufficiency is under consideration by the Government as a way to mitigate severe private mode dependency. Therefore, Stated Preference (SP) survey was conducted in Banda Aceh, Indonesia, where the so-called bus reform policy Trans Koetaradja runs under trial as a case study. This investigation looks at Banda Aceh citizens’ intentions to Trans Koetaradja bus reform policy in terms of the public approval.

Methods:
The questionnaires were distributed to the public within three lines of Trans Koetaradja. Utilizing psychometric data collected from SP survey, we construct four factors representing psychological determinants (i.e., appropriateness of the policy, private mode dependency, the consciousness of problem private mode in society, and inhibition of freedom of movements). Due to the characteristics of the methods for evaluating public’ intentions, we retain that this kind of unobserved variable analysis could be accomplished by applying multivariate latent variable modeling.

Aims:
This work aims to propose a Structural Equation Modeling of the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (SEM-CFA) for analyzing the effects of citizens intents related to subjective an individuals’ indicators on the psychological factors that might abridge the judgments about numerous characteristics towards the bus reform policy.

Results:
The empirical findings show that some latent factors offer explanatory power for bus reform policy acceptance. Latent variables, including “perceived appropriateness of the policy” and “awareness of problem private mode in society” appear to be the most significant direct causes leading to the acknowledgment of the effect of the acceptance of the proposed policy.

Conclusion:
However, the effect of latent variables of “private mode dependency” and “inhibition of freedom of movement/less accessibility of the bus” reveals negative determinants to the acceptance of the policy.
An Enhanced Beam Model for the Analysis of Masonry Walls
Authors: Lucchesi Massimiliano , Pintucchi Barbara , Zani Nicola 
Published: April 2019

Background:
Some typologies of masonry constructions (e.g. towers or walls with openings) can be reasonably studied through simple beam or frame-like models. For these structures, shear mechanisms often play an important role inducing failure and collapse.

Objective:
The paper presents an enriched beam model for studying the in-plane response of masonry walls. Initially formulated for masonry columns, towers and masonry slender structures in general, the model is now modified in order to also capture the shear failure mechanisms, in addition to the flexural ones.

Methods:
Starting with a one-dimensional no-tension model, a strength domain in the plane of the axial and tangential stress of the beam has been added, which has been defined by limiting both the stress shear component with respect to any possible direction and the main compressive stress.

Results:
The model, implemented in the FEM computational code MADY, allows for short computational times in studying the response of single panels as well as walls with openings.

Conclusion:
Comparisons with some experimental results from literature and some numerical results from more refined 2D models show the effectiveness and accuracy of the model’s predictions in terms of global and local response.
Evaluasi implementasi kurikulum muatan lokal bahasa daerah dan pendidikan lingkungan hidup
Authors: Ferdianto Vidy Binsar , Rusman Rusman 
Published: April 2019

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tentang tingkat efektifitas pelaksanaan muatan lokal dari aspek konteks, masukan, proses, dan produk. Penelitian ini termasuk ke dalam penelitian evaluasi yang menunjukan prosedur dan proses pelaksanaan kurikulum muatan lokal pada tingkat SMA. Penelitian ini menganalisis efektifitas masing-masing komponen dari model evaluasi CIPP (Context, Input, Process, dan Product). Studi dilakukan kepada 40 orang guru muatan lokal dan 180 peserta didik dari kelas X dan XI. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan kuesioner sebagai instrumen utama. Efektifitas pelaksanaan muatan lokal dilakukan dengan merubah skor mentah yang didapat dari kuesioner menjadi T-skor. Skor tersebut kemudian dianalisis menggunakan model Glickman. Hasil penelitian menunjukan secara umum pelaksanaan muatan lokal untuk Bahasa Daerah dan pendidikan lingkungan hidup sudah berjalan dengan baik, namun terdapat beberapa hal yang perlu ditingkatkan terutama dari aspek input dan process. Khusus untuk pendidikan lingkungan hidup diperlukan kebijakan baru dan sosialisasi dari pemerintah daerah agar penyelenggaraan pendidikan lingkungan hidup dapat lebih baik. Kata kunci : Evaluasi Kurikulum, Muatan Lokal, Implementasi Kurikulum, Pendidikan Lingkungan Hidup, Bahasa Daerah
Rate of Correction of Hypernatremia and Health Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Chauhan Kinsuk , Pattharanitima Pattharawin , Patel Niralee , Duffy Aine , Saha Aparna , Chaudhary Kumardeep , Debnath Neha , Van Vleck Tielman , Chan Lili , Nadkarni Girish N. , Coca Steven G. 
Published: April 2019

Background and objectives
Hypernatremia is common in hospitalized, critically ill patients. Although there are no clear guidelines on sodium correction rate for hypernatremia, some studies suggest a reduction rate not to exceed 0.5 mmol/L per hour. However, the data supporting this recommendation and the optimal rate of hypernatremia correction in hospitalized adults are unclear.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We assessed the association of hypernatremia correction rates with neurologic outcomes and mortality in critically ill patients with hypernatremia at admission and those that developed hypernatremia during hospitalization. We used data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-III and identified patients with hypernatremia (serum sodium level >155 mmol/L) on admission (n=122) and hospital-acquired (n=327). We calculated different ranges of rapid correction rates (>0.5 mmol/L per hour overall and >8, >10, and >12 mmol/L per 24 hours) and utilized logistic regression to generate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) to examine association with outcomes.

Results
We had complete data on 122 patients with severe hypernatremia on admission and 327 patients who developed hospital-acquired hypernatremia. The difference in in-hospital 30-day mortality proportion between rapid (>0.5 mmol/L per hour) and slower (≤0.5 mmol/L per hour) correction rates were not significant either in patients with hypernatremia at admission with rapid versus slow correction (25% versus 28%; P=0.80) or in patients with hospital-acquired hypernatremia with rapid versus slow correction (44% versus 40%; P=0.50). There was no difference in aOR of mortality for rapid versus slow correction in either admission (aOR, 1.3; 95% CI, 0.5 to 3.7) or hospital-acquired hypernatremia (aOR, 1.3; 95% CI, 0.8 to 2.3). Manual chart review of all suspected chronic hypernatremia patients, which included all 122 with hypernatremia at admission, 128 of the 327 hospital-acquired hypernatremia, and an additional 28 patients with ICD-9 codes for cerebral edema, seizures and/or alteration of consciousness, did not reveal a single case of cerebral edema attributable to rapid hyprnatremia correction.

Conclusions
We did not find any evidence that rapid correction of hypernatremia is associated with a higher risk for mortality, seizure, alteration of consciousness, and/or cerebral edema in critically ill adult patients with either admission or hospital-acquired hypernatremia.
The Applied-Ethical Structural Synthesis of International Development
Authors: Astroulakis Nikos 
Published: April 2019

<p>The paper challenges the mainstream stance in the study of applied ethics<br />in international development. Applied ethics is positioned at the macro-social level<br />of global ethics while a specific codification is attempted by formulating international development based on its structural synthesis, in a threefold level: First, the structural synthesis –associated with the framework of existing international development policy–can be found in the ‘market relations’. Second, the analysis specifies the policies applied at the national level and the role of nation-state policy. Third, the paper criticizes the international development institutions’ policies. In each of the levels mentioned above, the analysis reveals the fundamental policy theory issues of neoclassical economics, as the intellectual defender of free market economics.</p>
INTERAÇÃO E QUESTIONAMENTO NUMA REDE SOCIAL: UM ESTUDO NO CONTEXTO DE UM ESTÁGIO PROFISSIONAL DE UM CURSO TECNOLÓGICO
Authors: Loureiro Maria João , Gonçalves Rita 
Published: April 2019

A utilização de ferramentas Web 2.0 é cada vez mais usual nos dias de hoje, sendo considerada uma tecnologia ao serviço de todos para a criação e partilha de informação e a colaboração, entre outros. A sua utilização, em particular a de redes sociais, ainda é muitas vezes vista como forma de divertimento e o seu impacto educativo ainda está em aberto. Neste trabalho, de natureza qualitativa do tipo estudo de caso, pretende-se mostrar que a utilização de uma rede social, integrada num Estágio Profissional de alunos do 12º ano de um Curso Tecnológico, potencia a interação e o questionamento. A rede social foi explorada para promover a entreajuda na resolução de problemas entre alunos, professora/orientadora e monitores e assim fazer um acompanhamento mais próximo dos alunos, em estágio e dispersos em várias empresas. O tipo de interação foi analisado tendo em consideração o objetivo traçado e usando a ferramenta Google Analytics. Sendo a formulação de perguntas considerada uma das componentes essenciais na resolução de problemas, fez-se a análise do tipo de perguntas efetuadas. A análise realizada sugere que, os alunos, em contextos de aprendizagem ativa, privilegiam a colaboração, interagindo através de formulação de opiniões e perguntas, emergentes dos problemas reais que surgiram no decurso do Estágio. Apesar de os resultados pouco generalizáveis, dado se ter trabalhado com o estudo pode ser inspirador para outros autores que pretendam desenhar estratégias de ensino centradas no aluno e, portanto, um currículo mais consentâneo com as orientações da literatura. O estudo fornece ainda ferramentas utilizáveis em contextos semelhantes