bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Effects of Methanolic Extracts of Zilla spinosa and Hammada elegans Against Carbon Tetrachlorideinduced Hepatotoxicity in Rats
Authors: Ullah Riaz , Alsaid Mansour S. , Shahat Abdelaaty A. , Naser Almoqbil Abdulaziz , Al-Mishari Abdullah A. , Adnan Muhammad , Tariq Akash 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe detoxification, metabolism, and excretion of various endogenous and exogenous materials occur mainly in the liver. Liver diseases are a global concern, and classified as chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatosis. The development of safe hepatoprotective agents remains an unmet need. Therefore, we investigated the antioxidant effects of methanolic and n-hexane fractions of Zilla spinosa (ZSM and ZSH, respectively) and Hammada elegans (HEM and HEH, respectively) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver toxicity in rats. Antioxidant activity was studied by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The rats were divided into 11 groups (n=6)–group, 1 (control), group 2 (CCl4 only), group 3 (CCl4+silymarin 10 mg/kg), group 4 (CCl4+HEM 250 mg/kg), group 5 (CC14+HEM 500 mg/kg), group 6 (CCl4+HEH 250 mg/kg), group, 7 (CCl4+HEH 500 mg/kg), group, 8 (CCl4+ZSM 250 mg/kg), group 9 (CCl4+ZSM 500 mg/kg), group 10 (CCl4+ZSH 250 mg/kg), and group 11 (CCl4+ZSH 500 mg/kg). Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transferase, and total bilirubin were measured. The extent of hepatic injury was histopathologically assessed. Treatment with ZSM and ZSH at 250 and 500 mg/kg did not significantly affect biochemical results compared with the CCl4 only group. However, treatment with both HEM and HEH at 250 and 500 mg/kg provided significant (p<0.001) results compared with the CCl4 only group. These results were consistent with histological findings. HEM and HEH at 250 μg/mL significantly inhibited DPPH radical formation by 38.E6 and 35.65%, rerpectively. However antioxidant effects of ZSM and ZSH were insignificant.
Exploring Self-Perceptions of Anxiety among Nursing Students in the Clinical Setting and Select Demographics
Authors: Villeneuve Pamela , Heale Roberta , Rietze Lori , Carter Lorraine 
Published: March 2018

AbstractClinical learning experiences are essential in nursing education but they are often anxiety provoking for learners. Understanding the factors associated with the anxiety levels of nursing students in clinical placements has become more complex over the years with increasing heterogeneity within the nursing population. A correlational study was conducted to examine the relationships between nursing students’ self-perceived anxiety levels, as measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and the students’ age, gender, previous employment, and previous education. The findings revealed that nursing students have a higher than average level of anxiety and that male nursing students reported higher levels of anxiety compared to female nursing students. No significant correlations were found between age, previous education, previous employment, and self-perceived anxiety levels. Findings from this study provide an opportunity for discussion by nursing educators and identify a need for future research and practice.
Shaken and stirred: Social representations, social media, and community empowerment in emergency contexts
Authors: Sarrica Mauro , Farinosi Manuela , Comunello Francesca , Brondi Sonia , Parisi Lorenza , Fortunati Leopoldina 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn this paper we examine the use of Twitter and Facebook in two dramatic earthquakes that hit Italy: L’Aquila (in 2009) and Emilia (in 2012). Indeed, disasters disrupt everyday life and engage people in meaning-making processes aimed at recovering meaning and control of their world. In these cases, we argue that the use of social media may contribute to social representations processes and functions: cognitive coping, social sharing of emotions, preserving self-efficacy, boosting identity, and community empowerment. Different methods were adopted to examine the use of social media in the immediate aftermath, a few days after, and in the medium-long term. Differences between the events, combined with the differences between Twitter and Facebook, entailed a multiplicity of uses. Nevertheless, the analyses point to the same conclusions: by fostering new forms of communication and encounters, social media played an increasingly important role during and after the earthquakes. First, they were used for providing information and material coping, then they favored the social sharing of emotions and joint remembering, and finally they contributed to claiming voice and control. Results thus suggest that the use of social media favored different representational functions, which progressively contributed to community empowerment.
A cline between nouns and verbs: Nominalizations in Shiwiar (Chicham)
Authors: Kohlberger Martin 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Deverbal nominalizations are often said to occupy an intermediate position between nouns and verbs. Here I describe the morphological, syntactic, and semantic properties of three deverbal nominalization strategies in Shiwiar, a Chicham language of Ecuador and Peru. Although nouns and verbs in Shiwiar are clearly distinguished in the grammar, deverbal nominalizations display a combination of both nominal and verbal traits. Furthermore, the three nominalizations types discussed here each have different proportions of noun-like and verb-like characteristics, thereby forming a gradient cline between the two major word classes.
Hermenéutica y ontología: el sujeto y la verdad o del cuidado de sí y la parresía
Authors: Carreño Zúñiga Adriana Patricia 
Published: March 2018

Las cuestiones sobre las que vamos a dedicar la presente reflexión proceden de Michel Foucault. En el discurso del filósofo francés, la relación entre el concepto de “sujeto” y el de “verdad” no es una mera relación de contraposición, sino que hay una interferencia mutua en juego. El ejercicio hermenéutico nos acercará a la comprensión de las palabras que están aquí en cuestión. Proponemos dialogar con los escritos de Foucault, específicamente con la problematización de la cuestión en que la historia entabla las relaciones entre los elementos del sujeto y de la verdad, cima de la ontología, la cual es alcanzada y derribada por los nuevos sujetos y las nuevas verdades, esto es, por los nuevos modos de ser y de relacionarnos. La verdad es concretamente, historia de la verdad, historia de la subjetivación, la historia del discurso sobre la subjetivación, la historia de lo “dicho” del y sobre el sujeto. La hermenéutica habrá de mostrar que la constitución de sí y de sentido se corresponden en épocas distintas.

La apuesta de Foucault por aunar los dos conceptos parte de la idea de que la verdad no es la exactitud y que es precisamente por esto que la verdad no necesita el oropel de la retórica, como decía Sócrates, para decir la verdad poca elocuencia basta. Las relaciones entre la verdad y el estilo de vida propio, o entre la verdad y una ética y una estética de sí mismo, es para Foucault palpable en la tradición socrático-platónica. Foucault ve en la parresía un mecanismo político de gran interés desde una perspectiva ética, y se esfuerza en recorrer con gran minuciosidad toda la historia del término poblada de variaciones semánticas. La parresía es, durante mucho tiempo, el nexo de unión entre el cuidado de sí y el cuidado de los otros, entre el gobierno de sí y el gobierno de los otros, la frontera en la que vienen a coincidir ética y política.
Problemas metodológicos en la investigación del “período oscuro” del cine español (1969-1975): el caso del thriller
Authors: López Sangüesa José Luis 
Published: March 2018

Definición de la etapa de crisis del aparato cinematográfico franquista, llamada en España “Período Oscuro” (1969-1975), y definición de los problemas metodológicos encontrados en relación a la investigación de dicha etapa histórica del cine español, y sobre todo en relación al thriller policíaco. El periodo económico se ha escogido por la importancia que, acorde a críticos, estudios y espectadores, tuvo para la formación del moderno cine español como industria, como arte y como elemento historiográfico, ante la posibilidad de que un tratamiento excesivamente descuidado de los profesionales y políticos contemporáneos resultara en dejadez a la hora de conservar materiales, testimonios y documentos que habrían demostrado ser irreemplazables para los estudiosos posteriores. La carencia de estos y el tiempo transcurrido afloran como causas primeras pero no únicas de las presentes dificultades y deficiencias a la hora de entregar monografías satisfactorias y completas, capaces de explicar el periodo de una manera comprensiva. La acotación del período 1969-1975 es clarificada previamente ante el vacío historiográfico al respecto. Se recuperan aquellas películas concretas de esta corriente y período que no figuran en los fondos de los archivos fílmicos estatales. Por último, se extraen las conclusiones pertinentes.
Descriptive Profile of Lumbopelvic Control in Collegiate Baseball Pitchers
Authors: Laudner Kevin G. , Wong Regan H. , Latal James R. , Meister Keith 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Laudner, K, Wong, R, Latal, J, and Meister, K. Descriptive profile of lumbopelvic control in collegiate baseball pitchers. J Strength Cond Res 32(4): 1150–1154, 2018—Throwing a baseball requires the transmission of forces generated in the lower extremity, through the trunk, then to the upper extremity, and ultimately out through the ball. Disruptions in this kinetic chain, specifically in lumbopelvic control, have been associated with decreased pitching performance and increased risk of injury. The purpose of this study was to establish normative data of lumbopelvic control among collegiate baseball pitchers. Data were compared bilaterally and with a group of nonthrowing physically active individuals. Eighteen asymptomatic pitchers and 30 nonthrowing subjects participated in this study. Each subject performed 6 separate tests bilaterally: single-leg balance, single-leg mini-squat, and static single-leg bridge. An iPod-based tilt sensor was placed around the waist of each subject and used to determine the amount of anterior-posterior lumbopelvic tilt during each test. Independent t tests showed that neither group had any bilateral differences in lumbopelvic control (p > 0.10). The groups had similar lumbopelvic tilt values during the single-leg balance (p > 0.08) and mini-squat tests (p > 0.72), but a significant difference during the bridge maneuver. For this test, the pitchers had less lumbopelvic control than the control group for both the lead leg (p = 0.003) and trail leg (p = 0.01). The descriptive values of this study may assist in designing lumbopelvic conditioning programs with the intent of enhancing pitching performance, as well as in the prevention, evaluation, and treatment of various injuries associated with lumbopelvic control deviations.
Primary Traumatic Axonopathy in Mice Subjected to Impact Acceleration: A Reappraisal of Pathology and Mechanisms with High-Resolution Anatomical Methods
Authors: Ziogas Nikolaos K. , Koliatsos Vassilis E. 
Published: March 2018

Traumatic axonal injury (TAI) is a common neuropathology in traumatic brain injury and is featured by primary injury to axons. Here, we generated TAI with impact acceleration of the head in maleThy1-eYFP-Htransgenic mice in which specific populations of neurons and their axons are labeled with yellow fluorescent protein. This model results in axonal lesions in multiple axonal tracts along with blood–brain barrier disruption and neuroinflammation. The corticospinal tract, a prototypical long tract, is severely affected and is the focus of this study. Using optimized CLARITY at single-axon resolution, we visualized the entire corticospinal tract volume from the pons to the cervical spinal cord in 3D and counted the total number of axonal lesions and their progression over time. Our results divulged the presence of progressive traumatic axonopathy that was maximal at the pyramidal decussation. The perikarya of injured corticospinal neurons atrophied, but there was no evidence of neuronal cell death. We also used CLARITY at single-axon resolution to explore the role of the NMNAT2-SARM1 axonal self-destruction pathway in traumatic axonopathy. When we interfered with this pathway by genetically ablating SARM1 or by pharmacological strategies designed to increase levels of Nicotinamide (Nam), a feedback inhibitor of SARM1, we found a significant reduction in the number of axonal lesions early after injury. Our findings show that high-resolution neuroanatomical strategies reveal important features of TAI with biological implications, especially the progressive axonopathic nature of TAI and the role of the NMNAT2-SARM1 pathway in the early stages of axonopathy.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn the first systematic application of novel high-resolution neuroanatomical tools in neuropathology, we combined CLARITY with 2-photon microscopy, optimized for detection of single axonal lesions, to reconstruct the injured mouse brainstem in a model of traumatic axonal injury (TAI) that is a common pathology associated with traumatic brain injury. The 3D reconstruction of the corticospinal tract at single-axon resolution allowed for a more advanced level of qualitative and quantitative understanding of TAI. Using this model, we showed that TAI is an axonopathy with a prominent role of the NMNAT2-SARM1 molecular pathway, that is also implicated in peripheral neuropathy. Our results indicate that high-resolution anatomical models of TAI afford a level of detail and sensitivity that is ideal for testing novel molecular and biomechanical hypotheses.
Genetic Drivers of Pancreatic Islet Function
Authors: Keller Mark P , Gatti Daniel M , Schueler Kathryn L , Rabaglia Mary E , Stapleton Donnie S , Simecek Petr , Vincent Matthew , Allen Sadie , Broman Aimee Teo , Bacher Rhonda , Kendziorski Christina , Broman Karl W , Yandell Brian S , Churchill Gary A , Attie Alan D 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The majority of gene loci that have been associated with type 2 diabetes play a role in pancreatic islet function. To evaluate the role of islet gene expression in the etiology of diabetes, we sensitized a genetically diverse mouse population with a Western diet high in fat (45% kcal) and sucrose (34%) and carried out genome-wide association mapping of diabetes-related phenotypes. We quantified mRNA abundance in the islets and identified 18,820 expression QTL. We applied mediation analysis to identify candidate causal driver genes at loci that affect the abundance of numerous transcripts. These include two genes previously associated with monogenic diabetes (PDX1 and HNF4A), as well as three genes with nominal association with diabetes-related traits in humans (FAM83E, IL6ST, and SAT2). We grouped transcripts into gene modules and mapped regulatory loci for modules enriched with transcripts specific for α-cells, and another specific for δ-cells. However, no single module enriched for β-cell-specific transcripts, suggesting heterogeneity of gene expression patterns within the β-cell population. A module enriched in transcripts associated with branched-chain amino acid metabolism was the most strongly correlated with physiological traits that reflect insulin resistance. Although the mice in this study were not overtly diabetic, the analysis of pancreatic islet gene expression under dietary-induced stress enabled us to identify correlated variation in groups of genes that are functionally linked to diabetes-associated physiological traits. Our analysis suggests an expected degree of concordance between diabetes-associated loci in the mouse and those found in human populations, and demonstrates how the mouse can provide evidence to support nominal associations found in human genome-wide association mapping.
Augustus in der Hirtenwelt
Authors: Simon Lajos Zoltán 
Published: March 2018

In the early modern age, pastoral poetry became a current genre of the praise of rulers, kings and emperors. In spite of its overwhelming richness and contemporaneous importance, this branch of the bucolic genre has received relatively little attention from researchers. Even in comprehensive works on the history of the genre, one often finds hasty remarks, e.g. that these panegyric poems were foremost influenced by Vergil’s Eclogue 4.
The present paper offers a short overview of the immense diversity of the genre, paying great attention not only to Vergil, but also to the decisive influence of Calpurnius Siculus, Sannazaro and Baptista Mantuanus, as well as to the techniques of the Kreuzung der Gattungen, mainly to the interaction between pastoral and epic poetry. The analysis shows that, in spite of the huge variety of forms and the large distances in time and space, the image of the ideal emperor is surprisingly constant, and that the picture of the mythical Golden Age is almost completely drawn with the motives of the idealized reign of Augustus taken from epic poetry.
Augustus, Agrippa, the Ara Pacis, and the coinage of 13 BC
Authors: Stern Gaius 
Published: March 2018

In 13 BC, Augustus returned to Rome from a lengthy tour of the western provinces, just as Agrippa returned from the East. All conditions had been readied to present to the Roman people the establishment of Agrippa as the new partner of Augustus’ labours after a multi-year build up, culminating in the Ara Pacis ceremony at which Agrippa co-presided. However, to those watching the political slogans and headlines of the Roman mint, the Ara Pacis ceremony and Agrippa’s prominent role therein did not bring news, for the coinage of 13 boldly proclaims Agrippa as if he were second princeps by advertizing his enhanced status and by highlighting his accomplishments beyond the level ever provided for any of Augustus’ other colleagues, including his eventual successor, Tiberius (whose own enhancement of powers after AD 4 was modeled upon the precedent of Agrippa).
The coinage of 13 BC represents a break from the recent general pattern in that it broke up Augustus’ quasi-regal domination of the mint, and it sent out two simultaneous and compatible messages. Firstly, and more specifically, the imagery informed the Roman public as do newspaper headlines today of the elevation of Agrippa as Augustus’ legal equal, showing that Rome was no monarchy. The Roman mint alternated between standard issues for certain messages and new images for others, including escalation of the status of Agrippa.
The year 13 provided several occasions to raise the status of Agrippa, a novus homo. Agrippa was offered a third triumph, which he again refused. He received a new priesthood(s). His tribunician power was renewed for five years, as was that of Augustus. And at the Ara Pacis ceremony, Agrippa shared equal credit for pacifying the Empire in a ceremony that may have included closing the Gates of Janus. Much of this information comes to us not just from textual evidence, but also the archeological record. The coinage of 13 informs us of the regime’s official statements and the Ara Pacis itself shows the veiled Augustus at the head of the Pontifical College and the veiled Agrippa completing the Pontifical College and starting the imperial family as a demonstration of his integral role in the state, although tragically his life would end before the Ara Pacis was completed, leaving it to be a monument of a vision of the future Augustus was never able to achieve.
Acél és szintetikus szálak orientációjának meghatározása szálerősítésű betonban
Authors: Juhász Károly Péter 
Published: March 2018

Mind az acél, mind a szintetikus szálerősítésű betonok elterjedése és használata az iparban folyamatosan igényli a számítási módszerek fejlesztését. Az egységnyi keresztmetszeten áthaladó szálak darabszáma egy fontos paraméter: egyrészt jól jellemzi a szálak hatékonyságát, másrészt a próbatest eltört keresztmetszetén levő szálak megszámolásával a szálak elkeveredésének egyenletességét vizsgálhatjuk vagy az eredmények szórását csökkenthetjük. A legtöbb anyagmodell kiinduló paramétere ezért az egységnyi keresztmetszeten áthaladó szálak darabszáma.
A szálerősítésű betonban elhelyezkedő szálaknál feltételezzük az egyenletes, homogén elkeveredést és a véletlenszerű orientációt. Ez az orientáció azonban a zsaluzat közelében megváltozik, a szálak részben irányítottá válnak, ami hatással van az egységnyi keresztmetszeten áthaladó szálak darabszámára is. Ezen darabszámok megállapítása már a szálerősítésű beton kezdeti vizsgálatakor is foglalkoztatta a kutatókat, ennek megállapítására elméleti, szemi-empirikus és empirikus képletek egyaránt léteznek az irodalomban. Jelen cikkben az orientáció változását vizsgálom a zsaluzat közelében és különbséget teszek merev (acél) és hajlékony (szintetikus) szálak között. A keresztmetszeten áthaladó szálak darabszámára mutatok be olyan számítási módszereket, amelyek a zsaluhatást és a szálak merevségét is figyelembe tudják venni.
Regionális törekvések a Balaton-parti üdülőterületek építéstörténetében a két világháború között
Authors: Wettstein Domonkos 
Published: March 2018

A Balaton-part rekreációs célú hasznosításában már a század első felében megjelentek az átfogó regionális léptékű koncepciók, ami nemzetközi összehasonlításban is korai jelenségnek tekinthető.
A tanulmány a regionális eszme kialakulását három léptékben, építészeti, településrendezési és tájrendezés szintjén vizsgálja, rámutatva arra, hogy az üdülőterület kiemelt tájképi helyzetében a regionális stratégiák nemzetközileg is autonóm fejlődési utat bejáró két ága, az építészeti és az urbanisztikai regionalizmus kapcsolódott össze. A sajátos üdülőterületi regionális stratégia a rekreáció funkciójához igazodva az urbánus modernitás és a hagyományos vernakuláris minták közt egy sajátos üdülőterületi regionális minőség kikísérletezését jelentette, elsősorban a topografikus, klimatikus adottságokhoz és az üdülés korabeli életmódjához igazodva. Ez az építészeti-településképi minőség a magyar építészet és településtervezés történetében is sajátos, korábban feltáratlan jelenségnek minősül. A tanulmány rámutat, hogy a Balaton regionális fejlesztéstörténetében már a háború előtt megjelent a tájegység problémáit átfogóan vizsgáló regionális nézőpont, és megindult az egységes regionális tervezés folyamata, ami alulról, a települési önkormányzatok és a fürdőtelepek civil szervezeteinek bázisáról építkező metodikájával mind a magyar regionális tervezés, mind a nemzetközi üdülőterületi regionális tervezés történetében autonóm módszertani jelenség. Az egykori testületek összetett rendszerének rekonstruálásával lehetővé válik a balatoni építésügy áttekintése is, bemutatva az építészeti problémák megoldásában önkéntesen részt vállaló, illetve szervezeti pozícióval bíró korabeli építészek szerepét és eszköztárát. A regionális eszme a Balaton-part építéstörténetében elsősorban nem egy történetileg kialakuló organikus régióképből adódott, hanem egy, az építész szakma eszközeivel kialakított funkcionális eszmekonstrukciót jelentett.
A kutatás során feldolgozásra kerültek a Balatoni Intéző Bizottság archív levéltári dokumentumai, a korabeli regionális folyóiratok, az építészeti szaksajtó és az országos tudósítások, miközben az építészettörténeti vizsgálat társtudományi kontextusának felvázolásához szükséges volt a történészi és turizmustörténeti kutatások eredményeinek megismerése is.