bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Absence of vitamin D deficiency among common outdoor workers in Delhi
Authors: Dharmshaktu Pramila , Saha Soma , Kar Parmita , Sreenivas Vishnubhatla , Ramakrishnan Lakshmy , Goswami Ravinder 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere is reservation about accepting the notion of widespread vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in sunny countries because information base is largely urban indoors, and the cut‐off serum 25(OH)D > 75.0 nmol/L to define sufficiency is perceived as high.ObjectiveWe assessed the vitamin D status of subjects engaged in six types of outdoor jobs with freedom to seek shade, when needed.DesignDescriptive observational study.Subjects and methodsA total of 573 outdoors, (hawkers, n = 144; auto‐rickshaw drivers, n = 113; manual rickshaw pullers, n = 49; fuel‐station attendants, n = 84; gardeners, n = 96; traffic police personnel, n = 87) were assessed for serum 25(OH)D, iPTH and total calcium during summer and winter. Bank employees were indoor controls (n = 72). Serum 25(OH)D was defined as sufficient if ≥50.0 nmol/L and deficient when <30.0 nmol/L, as per ‘Institute of Medicine’.ResultsMean serum 25(OH)D of 573 outdoors was 44.8 ± 19.6 nmol/L and showed a physiological inverse relation with iPTH (P < 0.001). 77.5% of the outdoors did not have VDD. Hawkers, gardeners, fuel‐station attendants and rickshaw pullers had sufficient or near sufficient serum 25(OH)D. The mean serum 25(OH)D (30.6 ± 23.2 nmol/L) of indoors though lower by 12.7 nmol/L than outdoors was above the cut‐off of VDD. Proportions with supranormal iPTH were comparable between outdoors and indoors (14.0% vs 20.8%). Despite winter dip, the mean serum 25(OH)D (31.2 ± 14.3 nmol/l) of outdoors was not deficient.ConclusionsVitamin D deficiency is not universal. Most urban outdoor workers do not have VDD.
Developmental dysfunction of prefrontal–hippocampal networks in mouse models of mental illness
Authors: Oberlander Victoria C. , Xu Xiaxia , Chini Mattia , Hanganu‐Opatz Ileana L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDespite inherent difficulties to translate human cognitive phenotype into animals, a large number of animal models for psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, have been developed over the last decades. To which extent they reproduce common patterns of dysfunction related to mental illness and abnormal processes of maturation is still largely unknown. While the devastating symptoms of disease are firstly detectable in adulthood, they are considered to reflect profound miswiring of brain circuitry as result of abnormal development. To reveal whether different disease models share common dysfunction early in life, we investigate the prefrontal–hippocampal communication at neonatal age in (a) mice mimicking the abnormal genetic background (22q11.2 microdeletion, DISC1 knockdown), (b) mice mimicking the challenge by environmental stressors (maternal immune activation during pregnancy), (c) mice mimicking the combination of both aetiologies (dual‐hit models) and pharmacological mouse models. Simultaneous extracellular recordings in vivo from all layers of prelimbic subdivision (PL) of prefrontal cortex (PFC) and CA1 area of intermediate/ventral hippocampus (i/vHP) show that network oscillations have a more fragmented structure and decreased power mainly in neonatal mice that mimic both genetic and environmental aetiology of disease. These mice also show layer‐specific firing deficits in PL. Similar early network dysfunction was present in mice with 22q11.2 microdeletion. The abnormal activity patterns are accompanied by weaker synchrony and directed interactions within prefrontal–hippocampal networks. Thus, only severe genetic defects or combined genetic environmental stressors are disruptive enough for reproducing the early network miswiring in mental disorders.
Early recovery of interhemispheric functional connectivity after corpus callosotomy
Authors: Hung Sheng‐Che , Lee Cheng‐Chia , Chen Hsin‐Hung , Chen Chien , Wu Hsiu‐Mei , Lin Ching‐Po , Peng Syu‐Jyun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether interhemispheric functional connectivity (FC) recovers in the first year after total callosotomy.MethodsEight epilepsy patients undergoing total callosotomy were recruited. Resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging was acquired before and after surgery. The precallosotomy and postcallosotomy interhemispheric and intrahemispheric FC was analyzed by using graph theory and voxel‐mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC). The seizure outcome was scored using the Engel surgical outcome scale.ResultsAfter callosotomy (mean postoperative interval = 4 months), the network density, average node degree, characteristic path length, and global efficiency of the whole interhemispheric networks were significantly decreased, compared to those in the precallosotomy networks. However, postcallosotomy interhemispheric FC and homotopic VMHC were not significantly reduced in bilateral frontal and temporal lobes. The network density and average node degree of the intrahemispheric networks were significantly increased. The characteristic path length and global efficiency of intrahemispheric networks were unchanged.SignificanceThe interhemispheric FC may be preserved or recover early within the first postoperative year after total callosotomy, particularly in the frontal and anterior temporal lobes.
Global drivers of methane oxidation and denitrifying gene distribution in drylands
Authors: Lafuente Angela , Bowker Matthew A. , Delgado‐Baquerizo Manuel , Durán Jorge , Singh Brajesh K. , Maestre Fernando T. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimMicroorganisms carrying pmoA and nosZ genes are major drivers of methane and nitrous oxide fluxes from soils. However, most studies on these organisms have been conducted in mesic ecosystems; therefore, little is known about the factors driving their distribution in drylands, the largest biome on Earth. We conducted a global survey to evaluate the role of climate‐ and soil‐related variables as predictors of the richness, abundance and community structure of bacteria carrying pmoA and nosZ genes.LocationEighty dryland ecosystems distributed worldwide.Time periodFrom February 2006 to December 2011.Major taxa studiedMethanotrophic (carrying the pmoA gene) and denitrifiying (carrying the nosZ gene) bacteria.MethodsWe used data from a field survey and structural equation modelling to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of climatic (aridity, rainfall seasonality and mean annual temperature) and soil (organic carbon, pH and texture) variables on the total abundance, richness and community structure of microorganisms carrying pmoA and nosZ genes.ResultsTaxa related to Methylococcus capsulatus or Methylocapsa sp., often associated with mesic environments, were common in global drylands. The abundance and richness of methanotrophs were not associated with climate or soil properties. However, mean annual temperature, rainfall seasonality, organic C, pH and sand content were highly correlated with their community structure. Aridity and soil variables, such as sand content and pH, were correlated with the abundance, community structure and richness of the nosZ bacterial community.Main conclusionsOur study provides new insights into the drivers of the abundance, richness and community structure of soil microorganisms carrying pmoA and nosZ genes in drylands worldwide. We highlight how ongoing climate change will alter the structure of soil microorganisms, which might affect the net CH4 exchange and will probably reduce the capacity of dryland soils to carry out the final step of denitrification, favouring net N2O emissions.
Miscanthus ×giganteusbiomass yield and quality in the Virginia Piedmont
Authors: Battaglia Martin , Fike John , Fike Wonae , Sadeghpour Amir , Diatta Andre 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMiscanthus ×giganteusholds promise for bioenergy production given its low input requirements and high aboveground biomass productivity. To date, research regardingM. ×giganteusmanagement has focused largely on the fertilization and establishment requirements for successful crops, but limited information is available regarding cultivars suitability for different regions of the United States. Our objective was to evaluate the suitability of available cultivars under a limited input management regime in the Piedmont region of Virginia. Multi‐year trials were conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Biomass yields and morphological traits of threeM. ×giganteuscultivars (‘Freedom’, ‘Illinois’ and ‘Nagara’) were tested, and structural components of feedstock quality calculated. In 2013, ‘Nagara’ was the greatest yielding cultivar, followed by ‘Illinois’, but no differences among cultivars were observed in the following 2 years. ‘Nagara’, a cultivar with the potential to maximize biomass and ethanol production (i.e., due to its high ash and low lignin contents) at the same time, would be a highly desirable cultivar from both a farmer and an industrial perspective. Water availability for establishment and harvesting phases was 30% to 56% above recommended levels for maximum growth rates (750 to 900 mm). With 30‐year average precipitation around 1,150 mm, and soils not suited for annual row crops, the Piedmont region of Virginia has potential forM. ×giganteushigh biomass production. Studies replicated at more locations and with the potential inclusion of other high‐yieldingM. ×giganteuscultivars are warranted to start building a specific body of knowledge about most suitableM. ×giganteuscultivars for the mid‐Atlantic USA region.
Magnetic and antimicrobial properties of cobalt‐zinc ferrite nanoparticles synthesized by citrate‐gel method
Authors: CH Vinuthna , Chandra Babu Naidu Kadiyala , C Chandra Sekhar , Dachepalli Ravinder 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe cobalt‐zinc ferrite (CZF) nanomaterials were prepared by citrate‐gel method, and further calcined at 600°C. The single‐phase cubic spinel structure of CZF was confirmed using the X‐ray diffraction pattern. The average crystallite size was found to be in the range of 22‐29 nm. The surface morphology was examined using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The average particle size of Co0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4 was determined to be 19 nm using TEM study which is supporting the average crystallite size measured from the X‐ray diffraction studies. The Fourier‐transform infrared spectra revealed the two strong absorption bands in the series of ferrites between 4500 and 500 cm−1 and these are responsible for the characteristic of spinel ferrites. The presence of elements Cu, Zn, and Co of CZF was confirmed by the elemental spectral signals of energy dispersive spectroscopy. At room temperature, the magnetic measurements of pure ZnFe2O4 and Co0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4 were evaluated based on hysteresis curves (M‐H curves). The results expressed that the addition of nonmagnetic Zn2+ ions increases the magnetic behavior in the mixed CZF samples. The antimicrobial activity of the ZnFe2O4 and Co0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4 nanoferrites was tested against harmful microbes.
Highly automated job interviews: Acceptance under the influence of stakes
Authors: Langer Markus , König Cornelius J. , Papathanasiou Maria 
Published: May 2019

Technological advancements allow the automation of every part of job interviews (information acquisition, information analysis, action selection, action implementation) resulting in highly automated interviews. Efficiency advantages exist, but it is unclear how people react to such interviews (and whether reactions depend on the stakes involved). Participants (N = 123) in a 2 (highly automated, videoconference) × 2 (high‐stakes, low‐stakes situation) experiment watched and assessed videos depicting a highly automated interview for high‐stakes (selection) and low‐stakes (training) situations or an equivalent videoconference interview. Automated high‐stakes interviews led to ambiguity and less perceived controllability. Additionally, highly automated interviews diminished overall acceptance through lower social presence and fairness. To conclude, people seem to react negatively to highly automated interviews and acceptance seems to vary based on the stakes.Open Practices

This study was pre‐registered on the Open Science Framework (osf.io/hgd5r) and on AsPredicted (https://AsPredicted.org/i52c6.pdf).
The technology implications of master’s level education in the professionalization of nursing: A narrative inquiry
Authors: Ho Ken H. M. , Chow Susan K. Y. , Chiang Vico C. L. , Wong Julia S. W. , Chow Meyrick C. M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAims(a) To explore the meanings of master's education in the professionalization of nursing; and (b) to describe the core attributes that nurses gained through master's study.DesignNarrative inquiry.MethodsFrom June 2017 to June 2018, unstructured interviews were conducted with 12 master‐prepared nurses at advanced nursing position with minimum 5 years of postregistration experience. Collaborative thematic narrative analysis was conducted on verbatim transcripts. Members checking, peer validation and audience validation assured verisimilitude and utility.ResultsThere was a need to fit one's own assertion for professional growth in nursing career structure. Master's study equipped nurses with specialty skills and knowledge with enhanced reflexivity, which nurtured morality, problem‐solving ability and capacity to collaborate inter‐professionally. Master‐prepared nurses demonstrated effective clinical leadership through acting as change agents.ConclusionsMaster's level education and master‐prepared nurses are instrumental to the professionalization of nursing by expanding the roles of nurses. Nursing career mentoring will maximize nurses’ agency in healthcare system. Developing innovative inter‐professional pedagogy will nurture the reflexivity of master‐prepared nurses.
Tying care and respect into a single bioethical principle: On Dall'Agnol's respectful care theory
Authors: Azevedo Marco Antonio , Andrade Bianca 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveIn this article, we offer an extended critical review of a new conception of bioethics, presented by Darlei Dall'Agnol, in the book Care and Respect in Bioethics.MethodsCritical philosophical analysis of background assumptions of a new approach to bioethics, enriched with critical discussion of related philosophical literature.ResultsIn Care and Respect in Bioethics, through an approach filled with hard cases, Dall'Agnol argues that the metaethics of respectful care has theoretical advantages over the intuitionist metaethics of principlism and the particularism of casuistry, offering an original comprehensive approach that crosses the three dimensions of ethical inquiry: metaethical, normative, and applied ethics.ConclusionsDall'Agnol offers an insightful and persuasive account of how the single attitude of respectful care can express practical moral knowledge in healthcare. In this paper, we evaluate, criticize, and suggest refinements. One of them concerns Dall'Agnol's interpretation about Stephen Darwall's views on care and respect as two attitudes supported, respectively, by a third‐ and a second‐personal moral point‐of‐view. Other is about the Dall'Agnol's Wittgensteinian description of the moral language‐games of Clinical Bioethics, adding to the approach the “language‐game of rights.”
European smelt Osmerus eperlanus in the eastern Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea: Stock status and fishery
Authors: Sendek Dmitry S. , Bogdanov Dmitry V. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn the eastern Gulf of Finland, European smelt Osmerus eperlanus occurs as an anadromous ecological form that spawns in coastal, low‐salinity zones and in several rivers entering the gulf, most importantly in the River Neva. Osmerus eperlanus is a key commercial fish species for the population of St. Petersburg, and the city's fish symbol. However, the state of the smelt stock has considerably deteriorated over the past few decades. Monitoring shows that annual catches during 1965–1992 averaged 2274 t, compared to 292 t in 2002–2017, although some improvement is inidicated by a gradual increase in catches in recent years (e.g., to 595 t in 2017). This paper addresses long‐term and recent changes in the fisheries for smelt in the eastern Gulf of Finland, including both commercial and recreational fisheries, and the range of fishing gears used. The commercial smelt fishery is mainly conducted during the spawning period (April–May) on migrating fish, using trap nets of various designs and beach seines. There has been an increase in recreational fisheries for smelt; in years when ice cover on the gulf during winter (December–April) is steady, recreational fishers from St. Petersburg, using hook and line, may catch quantities that are comparable to those of commercial catches. Several factors may account for the stock dynamics and associated changes in catches of smelt: these include a decrease in prey availability in the gulf; loss and degradation of spawning and nursery habitats, partly associated with large‐scale hydroengineering operations in Neva Bay; and illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing which became widespread in post‐Soviet decades. In spite of a gradual increase in smelt abundance in the most recent 15 years, a failure to accurately monitor and manage the extent of IUU and recreational fishing for smelt, to assess the status of the stock, or to forecast catches, increases the risk of overfishing of the spawning stock.
Assessment of physical, mechanical, and hydrodynamic properties in reducing postharvest losses of cantaloupe (Cucumis melo var. Cantaloupensis)
Authors: Jahanbakhshi Ahmad , Abbaspour‐Gilandeh Yousef , Ghamari Bahram , Heidarbeigi Kobra 
Published: May 2019

AbstractToday, preserving the quality and reducing the losses of agricultural products is an important topic and has attracted the attention of many scholars in the field. This study aims at investigating the engineering properties (physical, mechanical, and hydrodynamic properties) of cantaloupe in order to manage and reduce the losses that is produced postharvest. The results show that the mean values physical properties measured for the geometric mean diameter, arithmetic mean diameter, sphericity, surface area, volume, and true density of the cantaloupes were 130.13 mm, 130.26 mm, 0.94%, 53,367.59 mm2, 633.30 cm3, and 0.83 g/cm3, respectively. Maximum force required for bruising and shearing cantaloupes in the investigation of their mechanical properties were 248.20 and 108.30 N. The hydrodynamic properties of cantaloupes such as the terminal velocity, the cantaloupes' rise time in the water column, the buoyance force and the drag force were obtained to be equal to 0.12 m/s, 4.10 S, 6.21 N, and 0.11 N, respectively. The results obtained through this study can be used in designing harvest machines, optimization, processing, transport, separation of impurities, and grading equipment for the purpose of reducing cantaloupe waste.Practical applicationsOf the 67 million tons of agricultural production in Iran, 20 million tons of it are turned into waste in the postharvest stage. That is the equivalent of food of 20 million people. Fruits are among the most important horticultural products that play an important role in supplying human nutrition and human health. Failure to review the engineering properties of agricultural products (physical, mechanical, and hydrodynamic properties) are the most important factors in increasing the agricultural waste at the postharvest stage. The physical properties of agricultural products are essential for the design and optimization of harvesting and postharvesting machinery, separating, transferring, grading, and drying processes. Mechanical properties can be useful in designing machinery and equipment for transportation and displacement of the product. Hydrodynamic properties can be useful for transfer, separation and grading by water in order to reduce processing costs and reduce cantaloupe waste.
Health and Daily Functioning of Older Women Religious
Authors: Petrinec Amy B. , Crowe Mary Lind , Flanagan Kathleen , Baker Janet 
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVESWomen religious in the United States are aging as a population. These women live in a communal setting, eat from the same kitchen, are nulliparous, and have similar access to healthcare. The purpose of this study was to examine the general health and health practices of a modern sample of older women religious.DESIGNCross‐sectional descriptive study.SETTINGCleveland Catholic Diocese, Cleveland, Ohio.PARTICIPANTSOlder women religious (n = 108), 65 years or older, living independently within the Cleveland Catholic Diocese who could participate in a study interview, undergo a morphometric examination, and complete several questionnaires in English.MEASUREMENTSStudy participants completed a study interview in which their demographic information, medical history, body mass index (BMI), and blood pressure were obtained. Participants completed several questionnaires including the Tilburg Frailty Indicator, Falls Efficacy Scale‐International, Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale, Geriatric Depression Scale‐Short Form, and the HbL Medication Risk Questionnaire.RESULTSThe women in our sample were all white with a mean age of 75.6 years (range = 65‐93 y). The vast majority (n = 104 [96%]) had at least a bachelor's degree. Prevalence for chronic diseases was notable for cataracts (60%), hypertension (60%), thyroid disorders (30%), osteoporosis (17%), and diabetes (7%). Nearly half of the sample (n = 48 [44%]) met BMI criteria for obesity, and another 39 women (36%) were overweight. Most women participated in yearly dental examinations (84.5%), eye examinations (79.4%), mammography (84.5%), and pneumovax vaccination (80.4%). Just over half of the women had the recommended colonoscopy (58.8%) and bone density (56.7%) screenings. Twenty women (19%) reported significant frailty, and 38 (35%) reported a significant fear of falling. The majority (80%) would benefit from a discussion about their medications.CONCLUSIONOlder women religious experience health issues that could benefit from targeted preventive health education and screening. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:1866–1870, 2019
Testicular volume and semen characteristics in the endangered southern muriqui (Brachyteles arachnoides)
Authors: Arakaki Paloma Rocha , Salgado Paula Andrea Borges , Teixeira Rodrigo Hidalgo Friciello , Rassy Fabrício Braga , de Barros Vaz Guimarães Marcelo Alcindo , del Rio do Valle Rodrigo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe southern muriqui (Brachyteles arachnoides) is an endangered Neotropical primate. Semen collection and description of its traits, as well as testicular morphometry, have never been reported for this species.MethodsTesticles from five healthy adult captive southern muriqui were measured, and semen was collected by rectal probe electrostimulation (RPE).Results and ConclusionsA solid coagulum was identified in all ejaculates, and none of them liquefied, spontaneously or non‐spontaneously. It was possible to collect semen using RPE, and although solids coagula did not liquefy, we managed to describe ejaculates characteristics and also confirmed that southern muriqui have relatively large testes size. Further investigations are needed to improve coagulum handling, to achieve a better spermatozoa recovery aiming its application in assisted reproductive technologies.