bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strength and Stiffness Optimization of Diamond Frame using Corrugated Tube
Authors: Umer Afaque , Azmi Adil Ata , Reyaz-Ur-Rahim Mohd. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Road bicycles form an intrinsic part of economic transportation. The overall efficiency and performance depend solely on the weight and frame structure. The benchmarks for an innovative frame design are kept in terms of lightweight, fatigue failure, lateral stiffness, torsional stiffness, impact forces and loading capabilities. The deformation and propulsion of bicycle consume rider’s energy, a reduction in deformation and mass of the frame is therefore necessary. In the present work, the structural design and a quasi static vertical load analysis of the bicycle frame are presented using finite element analysis. Corrugated tubes are introduced into the main triangle with different sets of combination and the numerical result thus obtained was compared against the standard tubular bicycle frame.
A Novel Mechatronics Approach to Measure The Payload of Heavy Duty Vehicle
Authors: Patil  , Patil A.Y. , Savadi R. , Shet C.N. , Kotturshettar B. B. , Mathad S.N. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
We are in an era of MEMS and NEMS, to be precise a product with lean and an integral of ‘n’ number of electromechanical elements. For example, nearly 80% of components are electrical/electronics in an automobile unit. This leads to think on the future market, that would witness a paradigm shift from Mechanical centric systems to Mechatronics systems. An approach was implemented in this paper to see through how a measurement of physical parameter can be dealt with principles of Mechatronics. Measurement of heavy duty vehicles payload is a concern, as there exists a difficulty in identifying the location and capacity of weigh bridge units. To address this issue an experimental and simulation approach was adopted to quantify/correlate the results.
Performance of UWB-WBAN System Over Awgn Channel
Authors: Abdulhamid Mohanad F. , Ben Sewe Onyango 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe major constraints in the design of Wireless Body Area Network(WBAN) can be attributed to the battery autonomy, need for high data rate services and low interference from the devices operating within the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) bands. To meet the demand for high data rate services and low power spectral density to avoid ISM band interference, an ultra-wide band(UWB) system based technology has been proposed. This paper focuses on the design and demonstration of an UWB modem to be used in the WBAN applications and the evaluation of its performance in a near-real world scenarios affected by additive white Gaussian noise(AWGN) interference. The modem is tested with different values of signal to noise ratio(SNR). Results show that the performance of the modem degrades as the value of SNR decreases.
Preventive Maintenance Planning in A Nigerian Aircraft Industry using Quality Function Deployment
Authors: King Oluwatosin Damilola , Oke Sunday Ayoola 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Quality improvement research in aircraft maintenance as well as our knowledge of the methods in the course of which enhancement is achieved and managed is disoriented and deficient. Current preventive maintenance practices are usually based on the number of flight cycles, flight hours or calendar time. Such PM activities are technical programme-oriented without any consideration for customer requirements are expectations. The unfortunate issue is that the results provided by these technically-oriented decisions are usually sub-optional. After characterised by poor customer satisfaction, requiring repeat services in some cases. A worse situation may even result such that total customer dissatisfaction may trigger out souring maintenance services despite having resources for repairs and services. In this communication, a complete departure from current practice in preventive maintenance of pure technical content to technical plus customer focused practice is adopted. This innovative approach involves obtaining customer requirements and translating them into design requirements in the house of quality of the quality function deployment (QFD). Questionnaire were developed and administered while the results were coupled with interviews to obtain the desired model validation of the QFD structure formulated. The results indicated feasibility of the proposed approach in practice. With thus novel contribution to literature, preventive maintenance managers in airline could confidently schedule services for success with a customer orientation.
Combined Detector with Retraining Data Sequence
Authors: AL-Rawi Muhanned , AL-Rawi Muaayed 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTwo detectors are presented in this paper which are used to handle intersymbol interference introduced by the communication channels. These two detectors are based on combination of nonlinear equalizer and Viterbi detector. The first detector, which was previously developed, is named Combined Detector1(CDR1), while, the second detector, which is the contribution of this paper, is named Combined Detector-2(CDR2). CDR2 is similar to CDR1 but with retraining data sequence. These detectors are tested beside nonlinear equalizer using data transmission at 9.6kb/s over telephone channel. Simulation results show that the performance of CDR2 is better than the performance of CDR1 while the performance of CDR1 is better than the performance of nonlinear equalizer.
Investigating the impact of polysomy 17 in breast cancer patients with HER2 amplification through meta-analysis
Authors: Tas Ezel Ozge , Pala Elif , Ercan Ilker , Sag Sebnem 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Since studies regarding the effect of polysomy 17 (P17) in breast cancer cases with some specific clinical findings are few in number and are in small sample sizes, meta-analysis was implemented to exhibit the effects of P17 in patients with Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2 (HER2) amplification on lymph node involvement and tumor grade.

Materials and methods
Pubmed literature database was scanned up to June 2017 by using the keywords “polysomy 17 breast cancer” and 141 studies were accessed. Ultimately four of the reviewed papers have been found to be appropriate for examining the effect of P17 on lymph node involvement and tumor grade. Prior to meta-analysis, publication bias and heterogeneity of the studies was examined.

Results
Meta-analysis in the examining the effect of polysomy 17 on lymph node involvement (OR=1.708, 95% CI: 1.068–2.733), on grade [3]/[3,1] (OR=3.402, 95% CI: 1.726–6.707), on grade [3]/[3, 2] (OR=2.581, 95% CI: 0.778–8.559) and on grade [2]/[2,1] (OR=1.854, 95% CI: 0.531–6.468) was determined in those with HER2 amplification.

Conclusion
It was observed that in terms of lymph node involvement, P17 was a risk factor in patients and with regard to tumor grade, P17 was a risk factor when grade increased in patients with amplification.
The Duration-specific Peak Average Running Speeds of European Super League Academy Rugby League Match Play
Authors: Whitehead Sarah , Till Kevin , Weaving Dan , Dalton-Barron Nick , Ireton Matt , Jones Ben 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Whitehead, S, Till, K, Weaving, D, Dalton-Barron, N, Ireton, M, and Jones, B. Duration-specific peak average running speeds of European Super League Academy rugby league match play. J Strength Cond Res 35(7): 1964–1971, 2021—This study aimed to quantify the duration-specific peak average running speeds of Academy-level rugby league match play, and compare between playing positions. Global positioning system data were collected from 149 players competing across 9 teams during 21 professional Academy (under-19) matches. Players were split into 6 positions: hookers (n = 40), fullbacks (n = 24), halves (n = 47), outside backs (n = 104), middles (n = 118), and backrow forwards (n = 104). Data were extracted and the 10-Hz raw velocity files exported to determine the peak average running speeds, via moving averages of speed (m·min−1), for 10- and 30-second, and 1- to 5- and 10-minute durations. The data were log transformed and analyzed using linear mixed-effect models followed by magnitude-based inferences, to determine differences between positions. Differences in the peak average running speeds are present between positions, indicating the need for position-specific prescription of velocity-based training. Fullbacks perform possibly to most likely greater average running speeds than all other positions, at each duration, except at 10 seconds vs. outside backs. Other differences are duration dependent. For 10 seconds, the average running speed is most likely greater for outside backs vs. the hookers, middles, and backrow forwards, but likely to most likely lower for 10 minutes. Hookers have possibly trivial or lower average speed for 10 seconds vs. middles and backrow forwards, but very likely greater average running speed for 10 minutes. The identified peak average running speeds of Academy-level match play seem similar to previously reported values of senior professional level.
Effects of Periodized vs. Nonperiodized Resistance Training on Army-Specific Fitness and Skills Performance
Authors: Heilbronn Brian E. , Doma Kenji , Gormann Dale , Schumann Moritz , Sinclair Wade H. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Heilbronn, BE, Doma, K, Gormann, D, Schumann, M, and Sinclair, WH. Effects of periodized vs. nonperiodized resistance training on army-specific fitness and skills performance. J Strength Cond Res 34(3): 738–753, 2020—This study investigated the effects of periodized resistance training (PRD) and nonperiodized resistance training (NPRD) on army-specific fitness and skills performance measures. Forty-nine serving members of the Australian Army were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 training groups: PRD, NPRD, or no-resistance training (NRT). Resistance training (RT) was performed during PRD and NPRD twice a week for 9 weeks, over a 15-week period, as part of a structured strength and conditioning program. Baseline, mid- and post-testing measures included anthropometric, strength, and army-specific outcome measures. Results indicated that participants who undertook RT significantly improved in 3 repetition maximum (3RM) squat, deadlift, and floor press for both RT groups, at mid- and post-testing (p < 0.05), when compared with NRT. Significant improvements were also observed in 5-km weight load marching postintervention similarly for PRD (p < 0.05) and NPRD (p < 0.01) and simulated fire and movement for both RT groups at both time points (p < 0.01), compared with the NRT group (p > 0.05). Although little difference was observed between periodization models, the current findings suggest greater advantage in developing army-specific performances if a structured RT protocol is included in a generic physical training program compared with a NRT protocol. Therefore, a structured RT program should be considered for military personnel aiming to optimize army-specific fitness and skills performance.
Fat Oxidation Rate as a Function of Plasma Lipid and Hormone Response in Endurance Athletes
Authors: Soria Marisol , Ansón Miguel , Lou-Bonafonte José Manuel , Andrés-Otero María Jesús , Puente Juan José , Escanero Jesús 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Soria, M, Ansón, M, Lou-Bonafonte, JM, Andrés-Otero, MJ, Puente, JJ, and Escanero, J. Fat oxidation rate as a function of plasma lipid and hormone response in endurance athletes. J Strength Cond Res 34(1): 104–113, 2020—Plasma lipid changes during incremental exercise are not well known. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among fat oxidation rate, plasma lipids, and hormone concentrations in well-trained athletes. Twenty-six trained triathletes completed a graded cycle ergometer test to exhaustion increasing by 0.5 W·kg−1 every 10 minutes. Fat oxidation rates were determined using indirect calorimetry. For each individual, maximal fat oxidation (MFO), the intensity at which MFO occurred (Fatmax), and the intensity at which fat oxidation became negligible (Fatmin) were determined. Blood samples for lipids and hormones analysis were collected at the end of each stage of the graded exercise test. All variables studied except insulin showed an increase at the end of incremental protocol with respect to basal levels. Free fatty acid reached significant increase at 60%Vo
2max and maximal levels at 70%Vo
2max. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglycerides (TG) decreased and showed lowest levels at 60%Vo
2max and reaching significant increases after 80%Vo
2max. High-density lipoprotein reached significant increase at 60%Vo
2max. Adrenaline and noradrenaline increased until the end of the incremental exercise, and significant differences were from 50%Vo
2max. These results suggest that exercise intensities are related to plasma lipids levels. In the zone when lipids oxidation is maximal, plasma LDL and TG variation differs from other lipids. These results may have application for the more adequate exercise intensity prescription to maximize the beneficial effects of exercise.
Validation of the Cosmed K4b2 Portable Metabolic System During Running Outdoors
Authors: Ross Ramzy , ALDuhishy Anas , González-Haro Carlos 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRoss, R, ALDuhishy, A, and González-Haro, C. Validation of the cosmed K4b2 portable metabolic system during running outdoors.J Strength Cond Res34(1): 124–133, 2020—The aim of this study was to determine the agreement of the K4b2metabolic system in comparison with the Douglas bags (DB) method for determining gas-exchange variables during both indoor treadmill and outdoor running. Nineteen endurance-trained males undertook 3 maximal incremental running tests, separated by at least 2 days: K4b2indoor test (K1), K4b2outdoor test (K2), and DB indoor test. Gas-exchange parameters (Vo2, Vco2, VE, VI, Respiratory Exchange Ratio, FEO2, and FECO2) and heart rate were measured during K1, K2, and DB tests. For most of the variables (Vo2, %Vo2, %Vco2, VE, and VI), the agreement was better for K2 when compared with DB than for K1 when compared with DB. For Vco2, FEO2, and FECO2, the agreement was better between K1 when compared with DB than for K2 when compared with DB. Respiratory Exchange Ratio showed a similar agreement between both conditions (K1 vs. DB and K2 vs. DB). K4b2seems valid for measuring gas-exchange variables during submaximal and maximal running velocities in an outdoor environment. Although K2 mean systematic error (bias) was low, the aleatory error was moderate. These considerations should be taken into account when using K4b2to measure gas-exchange parameters both during indoor and outdoor activities.
Breakfast Omission Reduces Subsequent Resistance Exercise Performance
Authors: Bin Naharudin Mohamed Nashrudin , Yusof Ashril , Shaw Harry , Stockton Matthew , Clayton David J. , James Lewis J. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Bin Naharudin, MN, Yusof, A, Shaw, H, Stockton, M, Clayton, DJ, and James, LJ. Breakfast omission reduces subsequent resistance exercise performance. J Strength Cond Res 33(7): 1766–1772, 2019—Although much research has examined the influence of morning carbohydrate intake (i.e., breakfast) on endurance performance, little is known about its effects on performance in resistance-type exercise. Sixteen resistance-trained men (age 23 ± 4 years, body mass 77.56 ± 7.13 kg, and height 1.75 ± 0.04 m) who regularly (≥3 day/wk−1) consumed breakfast completed this study. After assessment of 10 repetition maximum (10RM) and familiarization process, subjects completed 2 randomized trials. After an overnight fast, subjects consumed either a typical breakfast meal (containing 1.5 g of carbohydrate/kg; breakfast consumption [BC]) or a water-only breakfast (breakfast omission [BO]). Two hours later, subjects performed 4 sets to failure of back squat and bench press at 90% of their 10RM. Sensations of hunger, fullness, desire to eat, and prospective food consumption were collected before, as well as immediately, 1 hour and 2 hours after BC/BO using 100-mm visual analogue scales. Total repetitions completed were lower during BO for both back squat (BO: 58 ± 11 repetitions; BC: 68 ± 14 repetitions; effect size [ES] = 0.98; p < 0.001) and bench press (BO: 38 ± 5 repetitions; BC: 40 ± 5 repetitions; ES = 1.06; p < 0.001). Fullness was greater, whereas hunger, desire to eat, and prospective food consumption were lower after a meal for BC compared with BO (p < 0.001). The results of this study demonstrate that omission of a pre-exercise breakfast might impair resistance exercise performance in habitual breakfast consumers. Therefore, consumption of a high-carbohydrate meal before resistance exercise might be a prudent strategy to help maximize performance.
Validity of Real-Time Ultra-wideband Global Navigation Satellite System Data Generated by a Wearable Microtechnology Unit
Authors: Johnston Rich D. , Hewitt Adam , Duthie Grant 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Johnston, RD, Hewitt, A, and Duthie, G. Validity of real-time ultra-wideband global navigation satellite system data generated by a wearable microtechnology unit. J Strength Cond Res 34(7): 2071–2075, 2020—This study aimed to determine the validity of real-time ultra-wideband data generated by a wearable microtechnology unit during rugby league training sessions using a repeated-measures crossover study. Twenty-four semiprofessional rugby league players wore a commercially available microtechnology device (StatSports Apex, Newry, Northern Ireland) during 10 training sessions. Total distance; moderate-speed running (3.6–4.9 m·s−1); high-speed running (5.0–6.9 m·s−1); very high-speed running (≥7 m·s−1); maximum velocity (m·s−1); the number of high-intensity accelerations (≥2.78 m·s−2) and decelerations (≥−2.78 m·s−2); dynamic stress load (AU); and high metabolic load distance (m) were recorded in real time through an Apex beacon over a secured wireless network before being exported to a csv file at the end of the session. The data were then downloaded to a computer after event. To determine the validity of the real-time data, they were compared with the postevent downloaded data using coefficient of variation and Pearson's correlation coefficient. There was almost perfect agreement between real-time and postevent downloaded data for all variables reported. The overall bias effect size scores were all trivial, ranging from 0.00 for total distance and high-speed running up to −0.12 for maximal velocity; Pearson's correlations were either perfect or nearly perfect (r = 0.98–1.00). Irrespective of the movement speed, the data collected by these devices in real time show excellent levels of agreement with postevent downloaded data.
Passive Heat Maintenance After an Initial Warm-up Improves High-Intensity Activity During an Interchange Rugby League Movement Simulation Protocol
Authors: Fairbank Matthew , Highton Jamie , Twist Craig 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Fairbank, M, Highton, J, Twist, C. Passive heat maintenance after an initial warm-up improves high-intensity activity during an interchange rugby league movement simulation protocol. J Strength Cond Res 35(7): 1981–1986, 2021—This study examined using passive heat maintenance (PHM) to maintain core temperature after a warm-up and its effect on simulated first half running performance in rugby players. Thirteen male rugby players completed this randomized crossover study. Tympanic temperature was taken before a warm-up and then after a further 15 minutes of passive recovery either with (PHM) or without (CON) a PHM garment. Subjects then completed 23 minutes of the rugby league movement simulation protocol (RLMSP-i). Differences in tympanic temperature were unclear between CON and PHM before (35.7 ± 1.3 cf. 36.0 ± 1.1° C; effect size [ES] = 0.20) and during exercise (34.5 ± 0.1 cf. 35.2 ± 0.1° C; ES = 0.26–0.35). High-intensity running (ES = 0.27) and peak sprint speed were higher (ES = 0.46–0.56) during the PHM compared with the CON trial. Time spent above 20 W·kg−1 also increased in the first quartile of the PHM compared with the CON trial (ES = 0.18). All other between trial comparisons of performance were unclear. HRmean (ES = 0.38) was higher in PHM compared with CON, while differences in RPEmean (ES = −0.19) were unclear. There are small to large increases in high-intensity activity performed during a playing bout when rugby players wear a PHM garment after a warm-up. Rugby players should consider PHM during extended periods between a warm-up and starting a match.
Bidirectional Selection for Body Weight on Standing Genetic Variation in a Chicken Model
Authors: Lillie Mette , Honaker Christa F , Siegel Paul B , Carlborg Örjan 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Experimental populations of model organisms provide valuable opportunities to unravel the genomic impact of selection in a controlled system. The Virginia body weight chicken lines represent a unique resource to investigate signatures of selection in a system where long-term, single-trait, bidirectional selection has been carried out for more than 60 generations. At 55 generations of divergent selection, earlier analyses of pooled genome resequencing data from these lines revealed that 14.2% of the genome showed extreme differentiation between the selected lines, contained within 395 genomic regions. Here, we report more detailed analyses of these data exploring the regions displaying within- and between-line genomic signatures of the bidirectional selection applied in these lines. Despite the strict selection regime for opposite extremes in body weight, this did not result in opposite genomic signatures between the lines. The lines often displayed a duality of the sweep signatures, where an extended region of homozygosity in one line, in contrast to mosaic pattern of heterozygosity in the other line. These haplotype mosaics consisted of short, distinct haploblocks of variable between-line divergence, likely the results of a complex demographic history involving bottlenecks, introgressions and moderate inbreeding. We demonstrate this using the example of complex haplotype mosaicism in the growth1 QTL. These mosaics represent the standing genetic variation available at the onset of selection in the founder population. Selection on standing genetic variation can thus result in different signatures depending on the intensity and direction of selection.