bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure–function relationships in the Nab2 polyadenosine‐RNA binding Zn finger protein family
Authors: Fasken Milo B. , Corbett Anita H. , Stewart Murray 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe poly(A) RNA binding Zn finger ribonucleoprotein Nab2 functions to control the length of 3′ poly(A) tails in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as well as contributing to the integration of the nuclear export of mature mRNA with preceding steps in the nuclear phase of the gene expression pathway. Nab2 is constructed from an N‐terminal PWI‐fold domain, followed by QQQP and RGG motifs and then seven CCCH Zn fingers. The nuclear pore‐associated proteins Gfd1 and Mlp1 bind to opposite sides of the Nab2 N‐terminal domain and function in the nuclear export of mRNA, whereas the Zn fingers, especially fingers 5–7, bind to A‐rich regions of mature transcripts and function to regulate poly(A) tail length as well as mRNA compaction prior to nuclear export. Nab2 Zn fingers 5–7 have a defined spatial arrangement, with fingers 5 and 7 arranged on one side of the cluster and finger 6 on the other side. This spatial arrangement facilitates the dimerization of Nab2 when bound to adenine‐rich RNAs and regulates both the termination of 3′ polyadenylation and transcript compaction. Nab2 also functions to coordinate steps in the nuclear phase of the gene expression pathway, such as splicing and polyadenylation, with the generation of mature mRNA and its nuclear export. Nab2 orthologues in higher Eukaryotes have similar domain structures and play roles associated with the regulation of splicing and polyadenylation. Importantly, mutations in the gene encoding the human Nab2 orthologue ZC3H14 and cause intellectual disability.
Identification and RNAi‐based function analysis of chitinase family genes in diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella
Authors: Zhu Bin , Shan Jinqiong , Li Ran , Liang Pei , Gao Xiwu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDInsect chitinases play a vital part in chitin degradation in exoskeletons and gut linings during the molting process, and therefore are considered potential targets for new insecticide designs or RNA interference (RNAi)‐based pest management. Systematic functional analysis of chitinase genes has already been conducted in several insect pests, but not Plutella xylostella.RESULTSIn this study, 13 full‐length chitinase transcripts were obtained in P. xylostella. Developmental and tissue‐specific expression pattern analysis revealed that seven chitinase transcripts were periodically expressed during molting stage and mainly expressed in the integument or midgut, including PxCht3, PxCht5, PxCht6‐2, PxCht7, PxCht8, PxCht10 and PxCht‐h. RNAi‐mediated knockdown of these specific expressed genes revealed that PxCht5 and PxCht10 were essential in larval molting, pupation and eclosion, and PxCht7 was indispensable only in eclosion. No significant effects were observed on insect survival or normal development when the rest chitinase transcripts were suppressed by RNAi.CONCLUSIONOur results indicated the function of P. xylostella chitinase family genes during the molting process, and may provide potential targets for RNAi‐based management of P. xylostella. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Assimilating satellite sea‐surface salinity data from SMOS, Aquarius and SMAP into a global ocean forecasting system
Authors: Martin Matthew J. , King Robert R. , While James , Aguiar Ana Barbosa 
Published: December 2018

Measuring Sea‐Surface Salinity (SSS) from space is a relatively recent technique that relies on L‐band radiometry that has evolved to a point where useful information is provided every few days. The impact of assimilating satellite SSS data is investigated using the global FOAM ocean forecasting system. This system assimilates daily satellite SSS products from the ESA Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS), NASA Aquarius and Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) missions equatorward of 40°N/S, in addition to other observing systems. The data are assimilated using a 3D‐Var scheme that includes an observation bias correction scheme to estimate spatially and temporally varying bias estimates for each SSS satellite.The SSS assimilation is tested over 2 years and 3 months covering the 2015/2016 El Niño with assessment focussed on the tropical regions, particularly in the Pacific. Consistent reductions in root‐mean‐square errors are found in all tropical regions from each of the satellite SSS datasets. The largest improvements of up to about 8% are found in the tropical Pacific from assimilating both the SMOS and SMAP datasets together. The largest impact is in the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) in the central Pacific during 2015 and early 2016 where the surface salinity is reduced by about 0.03 pss on average, correcting for too little precipitation. A smaller magnitude, large‐scale reduction in the SSS is also seen in the tropical Pacific that increases the modelled surface stratification and leads to reduced vertical mixing. Changes to the SSS in the ITCZ lead to changes in the meridional gradients of SSS that affects the sea surface height and surface currents, both of which are improved in the SMOS assimilation experiment compared to externally produced observation‐based datasets. The results suggest that assimilation of SMOS and SMAP satellite data is now of an appropriate quality for operational implementation.
Robotic transduodenal ampullectomy: A novel minimally invasive approach for ampullary neoplasms
Authors: Lee Jin Woo , Choi Sung Hoon , Chon Hong Jae , Kim Dae Jung , Kim Gwangil , Kwon Chang Il , Ko Kwang Hyun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe adoption of minimally invasive surgery for transduodenal ampullectomy has been slow because of special characteristics and complexity of this procedure.MethodsSix patients underwent robotic transduodenal ampullectomy. We employed novel methods to facilitate exposure of the ampulla.ResultsAll patients completed robotic transduodenal ampullectomy, but one patient was immediately converted to robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy because of presence of invasive carcinoma on frozen biopsy. The final pathologic report revealed high‐grade dysplasia in four patients, low‐grade dyplasia in one, and T2N0 in one patient who converted to pancreaticoduodenectomy. There was no immediate postoperative complication or mortality. One patient was readmitted after 3 months because of stricture of the bile duct outlet. There was no recurrence over a median follow‐up period of 20 months.ConclusionAn appropriate combination of patient positioning and retraction method helps the robot surgical system to provide competent performance for sophisticated and precise manipulation of ampullary lesions.
Chrysin inhibit human melanoma A375.S2 cell migration and invasion via affecting MAPK signaling and NF‐κB signaling pathway in vitro
Authors: Chen Hsin‐Yu , Jiang Yi‐Wen , Kuo Chao‐Lin , Way Tzong‐Der , Chou Yu‐Cheng , Chang Yuan‐Shiun , Chung Jing‐Gung 
Published: December 2018

AbstractNumerous evidences have shown that chrysin induced cytotoxic effects via induced cell cycle arrest and induction of cell apoptosis in human cancer cell lines, however, no information showed that chrysin inhibited skin cancer cell migration and invasion. In this study, we investigated anti‐metastasis mechanisms of chrysin in human melanoma cancer A375.S2 cells in vitro. Under sub‐lethal concentrations of chrysin (0, 5, 10, and 15 μM) which inhibits cell mobility, migration and invasion of A375.S2 cells that were assayed by wound healing and Transwell filter. That chrysin inhibited MMP‐2 activity in A375.S2 cells was investigated by gelatin zymography assay. Western blotting was used to examine protein expression and results indicated that chrysin inhibited the expression of GRB2, SOS‐1, PKC, p‐AKT (Thr308), NF‐κBp65, and NF‐κBp50 at 24 and 48 hours treatment, but only at 10‐15 μM of chrysin decreased Ras, PI3K, p‐c‐Jun, and Snail only at 48 hours treatment and only decrease p‐AKT(Ser473) at 24 hours treatment. Furthermore, chrysin (5‐15 μM) decreased the expression of uPA, N‐cadherin and MMP‐1 at 24 and 48 hours treatment but only decreased MMP‐2 and VEGF at 48 hours treatment at 10‐15 μM and 5‐15 μM of chrysin, respectively, however, increased E‐cadherin at 5‐15 μM treatment. Results of confocal laser microscopy systems indicated that chrysin inhibited expression of NF‐κBp65 in A375.S2 cells. Based on these observations, we suggest that chrysin can be used in anti‐metastasis of human melanoma cells in the future.
NMR-STAR: comprehensive ontology for representing, archiving and exchanging data from nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic experiments
Authors: Ulrich Eldon L. , Baskaran Kumaran , Dashti Hesam , Ioannidis Yannis E. , Livny Miron , Romero Pedro R. , Maziuk Dimitri , Wedell Jonathan R. , Yao Hongyang , Eghbalnia Hamid R. , Hoch Jeffrey C. , Markley John L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe growth of the biological nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) field and the development of new experimental technology have mandated the revision and enlargement of the NMR-STAR ontology used to represent experiments, spectral and derived data, and supporting metadata. We present here a brief description of the NMR-STAR ontology and software tools for manipulating NMR-STAR data files, editing the files, extracting selected data, and creating data visualizations. Detailed information on these is accessible from the links provided.
Transforming Abandoned Rail Corridors into Multi-purpose Trails: Applying a Spatial Hedonic Approach to Estimating the Economic Benefits of the Little Miami Scenic Trail in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
Authors: Zhang Wen , Oh Seunghoon , vom Hofe Rainer 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This research assesses the appreciation in residential property values in connection with proximity to the Little Miami Scenic Trail, a multi-purpose biking, hiking, and jogging trail built along an abandoned railroad corridor near Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Applying two spatial hedonic frameworks, the spatial lag of X (SLX) model and the spatial Durbin error model, we conclude that proximity to trail entrances had significant impacts on property values for both, Euclidean and network distance measures. Specifically, the SLX results indicate that decreasing the distance to the closest trail entrance by one foot (meter) increases a house’s property value by US$0.92 (US$3.02) when using network distances.
Predictors of personal continuity of care of patients with severe mental illness: A comparison across five European countries
Authors: Smith Pierre , Nicaise Pablo , Giacco Domenico , Bird Victoria jane , Bauer Michael , Ruggeri Mirella , Welbel Marta , Pfennig Andrea , Lasalvia Antonio , Moskalewicz Jacek , Priebe Stefan , Lorant Vincent 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackground:In Europe, at discharge from a psychiatric hospital, patients with severe mental illness may be exposed to one of two main care approaches: personal continuity, where one clinician is responsible for in- and outpatient care, and specialisation, where various clinicians are. Such exposure is decided through patient-clinician agreement or at the organisational level, depending on the country’s health system. Since personal continuity would be more suitable for patients with complex psychosocial needs, the aim of this study was to identify predictors of patients’ exposure to care approaches in different European countries.Methods:Data were collected on 7302 psychiatric hospitalised patients in 2015 in Germany, Poland, and Belgium (patient-level exposure); and in the UK and Italy (organisational-level exposure). At discharge, patients were exposed to one of the care approaches according to usual practice. Putative predictors of exposure at patients’ discharge were assessed in both groups of countries.Results:Socially disadvantaged patients were significantly more exposed to personal continuity. In all countries, the main predictor of exposure was the admission hospital, except in Germany, where having a diagnosis of psychosis and a higher education status were predictors of exposure to personal continuity. In the UK, hospitals practising personal continuity had a more socially disadvantaged patient population.Conclusion:Even in countries where exposure is decided through patient-clinician agreement, it was the admission hospital, not patient characteristics, that predicted exposure to care approaches. Nevertheless, organisational decisions in hospitals tend to expose socially disadvantaged patients to personal continuity.
In Situ Measurements of Surface Winds, Waves, and Sea State in Polar Lows Over the North Atlantic
Authors: Rojo M. , Claud C. , Noer G. , Carleton A. M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPolar low (PL) storms are an important feature of the wintertime subsynoptic‐scale atmospheric circulation of middle‐ and higher‐latitude ocean areas. They can generate hazardous conditions impacting coastal and marine activities like fishing, transport, and oil extraction. However, there are few studies available of individual PL systems based on high‐resolution maritime surface data. Accordingly, the meteorological impacts of 29 PLs have been investigated for the 14 winters 1999–2013, using in situ measurements at eight stations in the Norwegian and North Seas. On average, the highest wind speed and significant wave height (SWH) occur following the minimum in sea level pressure of the PL, respectively, 1 and 3 hr after its passage. The strongest wind speed averages 17.1 m/s, and the highest peak SWH is 6.3 m, but these can reach 31 m/s and 11 m, respectively. PL characteristics of system horizontal extent, propagation speed, and the larger‐scale atmospheric circulation environment explain the large intercase differences. Large, multiple, and fast‐moving PLs within a meridional circulation environment appear to generate stronger near‐surface winds and higher waves than do small, single, and slow‐moving PLs within a zonal circulation. Multiple systems may have the largest impacts (e.g., SWH > 8 m), although a larger sample size is required to confirm this possibility. The impacts of PLs on sea surface temperature (SST) are quite small and are difficult to interpret separate from the background SST variation. The observed SST decrease may be mainly caused by the cold air outbreak within which the PL is embedded; indeed, a positive SST minus air temperature anomaly is found during the 24 hr preceding the passage of PL vortices, indicating enhanced low‐level atmospheric instability.
Vertical Coupling From the Lower Atmosphere to the Ionosphere: Observations Inferred From Indian MST Radar, GPS Radiosonde, Ionosonde, Magnetometer, OLR (NOAA), and SABER/TIMED Instrument Over Gadanki
Authors: Ghosh Priyanka , Ramkumar T. K. , Patra A. K. , Sharma Som , Pavan Chaitanya P. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSimultaneous wind observations from Mesosphere Stratosphere Troposphere (MST) radar collectively with Global Positioning System (GPS) radiosonde over Gadanki, covering altitude range of 3.6–20 km (January–December 2009; 365 days), divulge the propagation of lower atmospheric waves up to the ionosphere. It is combined with temperature data (20–110 km) observed from Sounding of the Atmosphere using the Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument onboard Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite, ionosonde observations, and daily Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) data acquired from the National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA; centered around Gadanki [13.5°N, 79.2°E]) for the same time period. Long‐period oscillations with periodicities of ~64, ~32, and ~21 days are witnessed along with the well‐known oscillations of ~16, ~6.4, and ~5.3 days. Most of the long‐period oscillations are dominantly perceived during the summer months (April–June 2009), which can even exist up to September. These long‐period oscillations are found to propagate from lower tropospheric heights up to ionospheric heights with large vertical wavelengths (~300–400 km, in some cases) near to transition zones of atmospheric layers (e.g., tropopause, stratopause, and mesopause). Signatures of vertical coupling of atmosphere through large vertical wavelengths (indicating possible intraseasonal connections) is clearly observed in the equatorial electrojet current and the peak plasma frequencies of ionospheric layers (E and F regions). Noticeable reduction of the wave oscillations in spatial scale with upsurge in spatial damping is evidently visible, in the tropical stratosphere and mesosphere, which can be attributed to stratospheric ozone.
Atmospheric Implications of Large C2‐C5 Alkane Emissions From the U.S. Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Tzompa‐Sosa Z. A. , Henderson B. H. , Keller C. A. , Travis K. , Mahieu E. , Franco B. , Estes M. , Helmig D. , Fried A. , Richter D. , Weibring P. , Walega J. , Blake D. R. , Hannigan J. W. , Ortega I. , Conway S. , Strong K. , Fischer E. V. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEmissions of C2‐C5 alkanes from the U.S. oil and gas sector have changed rapidly over the last decade. We use a nested GEOS‐Chem simulation driven by updated 2011NEI emissions with aircraft, surface, and column observations to (1) examine spatial patterns in the emissions and observed atmospheric abundances of C2‐C5 alkanes over the United States and (2) estimate the contribution of emissions from the U.S. oil and gas industry to these patterns. The oil and gas sector in the updated 2011NEI contributes over 80% of the total U.S. emissions of ethane (C2H6) and propane (C3H8), and emissions of these species are largest in the central United States. Observed mixing ratios of C2‐C5 alkanes show enhancements over the central United States below 2 km. A nested GEOS‐Chem simulation underpredicts observed C3H8 mixing ratios in the boundary layer over several U.S. regions, and the relative underprediction is not consistent, suggesting C3H8 emissions should receive more attention moving forward. Our decision to consider only C4‐C5 alkane emissions as a single lumped species produces a geographic distribution similar to observations. Due to the increasing importance of oil and gas emissions in the United States, we recommend continued support of existing long‐term measurements of C2‐C5 alkanes. We suggest additional monitoring of C2‐C5 alkanes downwind of northeastern Colorado, Wyoming, and western North Dakota to capture changes in these regions. The atmospheric chemistry modeling community should also evaluate whether chemical mechanisms that lump larger alkanes are sufficient to understand air quality issues in regions with large emissions of these species.
The Dynamical Coupling of Convective Updrafts, Downdrafts, and Cold Pools in Simulated Supercell Thunderstorms
Authors: Marion G. R. , Trapp R. J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe initiation of second‐generation convective storms by the cold pools of first‐generation storms is known to depend on cold pool characteristics such as depth and speed. It is not clear, however, how these characteristics relate back to the convective storm components and, in turn, to the environment. Here we investigate the hypothesis that wider updraft cores result in wider downdraft cores, which subsequently lead to the development of deeper cold pools that are more likely to initiate new convection. This hypothesis is addressed using a large set of idealized numerical simulations of highly organized convective storms, specifically, supercells. Quantifications of the convective components show strong interrelationships between updraft area, downdraft area, and cold pool depth, thus supporting our primary hypothesis. These interrelationships are highly sensitive to the parcel buoyancy and vertical wind shear, with large convective available potential energy, strong wind shear, and a deep mixed layer ultimately contributing to the deepest (and strongest) cold pools. Diagnoses of the forcings of vertical accelerations show that draft width, and therefore cold pool depth, are initially influenced by the buoyancy and linear dynamic forcings, but thereafter are controlled mostly by the nonlinear dynamic forcings. These results, overall, have implications on the development (or improvement) of cold pool parameterizations in weather and climate models.
Changes in Aerosol Chemistry From 2014 to 2016 in Winter in Beijing: Insights From High‐Resolution Aerosol Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Xu Weiqi , Sun Yele , Wang Qingqing , Zhao Jian , Wang Junfeng , Ge Xinlei , Xie Conghui , Zhou Wei , Du Wei , Li Jie , Fu Pingqing , Wang Zifa , Worsnop Douglas R. , Coe Hugh 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAir quality has been continuously improved in recent years in Beijing, yet severe haze episodes still frequently occur in winter. Here we deployed an Aerodyne high‐resolution aerosol mass spectrometer in two winter seasons during the same period to investigate the changes in aerosol chemistry from 2014 to 2016 in Beijing. Compared to 2014, submicron aerosol (PM1) species showed ubiquitous increases in mass concentrations by 10–130% in winter 2016, of which nitrate showed the largest increase among all aerosol species leading to a much higher NO3/SO4 ratio in 2016 (1.36 ± 0.90) than 2014 (0.72 ± 0.59). This result highlights an increasing role of nitrate in particulate matter pollution in recent years in Beijing. Aerosol composition and size distributions also changed significantly. Secondary inorganic species showed elevated contributions by ~10% in winter 2016 associated with corresponding decreases in organic aerosol (OA). Positive matrix factorization of OA illustrated the significant changes in both primary emissions and secondary production. While cooking OA decreased substantially from 25% in 2014 to 15% in 2016, the contribution of biomass burning OA slightly increased instead. Although secondary OA contributed similarly to OA in the two winters (49% vs. 53%), we observed ubiquitous increases (~50%) in photochemically related oxygenated OA and oxidized primary OA, and oxygen‐to‐carbon ratios of OA, indicating the enhanced photochemical production in winter 2016. Aqueous‐phase production of secondary OA however was relatively similar in the two winters. Further analysis demonstrated that the changes in aerosol and OA composition varied differently across different pollution and relative humidity levels.
A Simplified Algorithm to Estimate Latent Heating Rate Using Vertical Rainfall Profiles Over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Li Rui , Shao Wencheng , Guo Jingchao , Fu Yunfei , Wang Yu , Liu Guosheng , Zhou Renjun , Li Wenzhuo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this study, a simplified semiphysical retrieval algorithm for latent heat (LH) released from precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau is derived and analyzed. The physical basis of this algorithm is that the vertical gradient of rain rate (−dR/dZ or Γ) represents the temporal rate of rain formation based on the steady state assumption, and the precipitation formation rate is closely related to the cloud formation rate, which is directly proportional to the latent heating rate. In this algorithm, the LH rate is represented as a linear function of Γ with fixed slope and intercept term determined by 3‐month Weather Research and Forecasting Model simulations over the Tibetan Plateau. Comparison to model results shows that the retrieval scheme can correctly capture the main features of LH horizontally and vertically. Comparison with results from other two widely accepted LH algorithms using Global Precipitation Measurement Dual Precipitation Radar real observations shows that this retrieval scheme generally agrees with them over low‐altitude areas but yields more convective‐type LH over the highlands with a relatively low heating center. This algorithm is specially designed for application to high altitudes. With this algorithm and the associated coefficients provided, researchers can readily do LH retrieval in their cases of interest by themselves. The only required input is the vertical profile of rain rate, which is available from current satellite precipitation radar observations.