bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engineering Ultrafast Carrier Dynamics at the Graphene/GaAs Interface by Bulk Doping Level
Authors: Yang Jinghuan , Sun Quan , Liu Wei , Zhang Zhibin , Hu Xiaoyong , Liu Kaihui , Yang Hong , Misawa Hiroaki , Gong Qihuang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCarrier dynamics, the most fundamental process in electronics and optoelectronics, has drawn great attentions owing to its crucial role in property engineering of materials. Exploration and regulation of carrier dynamics are essential for designing devices with specific functions and optimizing their performances. However, the lack of conventional tools with simultaneous ultrafast temporal and ultrasmall spatial resolution has impeded direct observation and manipulation of carrier dynamics at both the femtosecond and nanometer scale. In this study, the direct observation and modulation of ultrafast carrier dynamics at the graphene/gallium arsenide (GaAs) interface is achieved by tuning the doping level of bulk GaAs. This successful characterization is performed using advanced in situ photoemission electron microscopy combined with the ultrafast pump–probe technique. It is found that a change in the doping level in GaAs can change its band bending and switch the hot‐carrier transfer direction at the graphene/GaAs interface with a lifetime reduction of nearly six times. This work paves the way of engineering ultrafast carrier dynamics at 2D interfaces by modifying the 3D bulk properties, and also provides a platform for fundamental studies of ultrafast physics with high spatial resolution.
Electrochemical Synthesis of Allylamines via a Radical Trapping Sequence
Authors: Sun Cao‐Cao , Lian Fei , Xu Kun , Zeng Cheng‐Chu , Sun Bao‐Guo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAn electrochemical oxidative addition of sulfonamides and imide to allyl sulfones was developed for the facile synthesis of synthetically useful allylamines. This method avoids the use of transition metal catalysts and additional bases, which are commonly used for the synthesis of allylamines. Moreover, cheap and easily available NaI was employed as the mediator without use of an external supporting electrolyte. Radical trapping experiments showed that nitrogen‐centered radicals were involved in these transformations.magnified image
Birth seasonality studies in a large Prader–Willi syndrome cohort
Authors: Butler Merlin G. , Kimonis Virginia , Dykens Elisabeth , Gold June Anne , Tamura Roy , Miller Jennifer L. , Driscoll Daniel J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPrader‐Willi syndrome (PWS) is generally due to sporadic paternal deletions of the chromosome 15q11‐q13 region followed by maternal disomy 15. Advanced maternal age is more commonly seen in those with maternal disomy 15. Environmental factors (e.g., drug use, occupational chemical exposure, infectious agents, and irradiation) could account for chromosome changes. Previous evidence of differences in male and female gametogenesis could suggest an environmental role in the causation of the paternal 15q11‐q13 deletion seen in PWS. Certain occupations such as hydrocarbon‐exposing occupations (e.g., landscaping, farming, and painting) and viral exposure (e.g., human coronavirus 229E causing upper respiratory infections in adults with an incorporation site in the human genome at chromosome 15q11) can be seasonal in nature and contribute to chromosome damage. To assess, we reviewed birth seasonality data in a large cohort of individuals with PWS recruited nationally (N = 355) but no significant differences were seen by month between those with the 15q11‐q13 deletion compared with maternal disomy 15 when analyzing quarterly seasonal patterns. Although early evidence supported birth seasonality differences in PWS, a larger number of individuals in our recent study using advanced genetic testing methods did not find this observation.
Neutral Organic Super Electron Donors Made Catalytic
Authors: Rohrbach Simon , Shah Rushabh S. , Tuttle Tell , Murphy John A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNeutral organic super electron donors (SEDs) display impressive reducing power but, until now, it has not been possible to use them catalytically in radical chain reactions. This is because, following electron transfer, these donors form persistent radical cations that trap substrate‐derived radicals. This paper unlocks a conceptually new approach to super electron donors that overcomes this issue, leading to the first catalytic neutral organic super electron donor.
Neuer stofflicher Nutzungspfad von Treberpresswasser aus Biertreber unter Einsatz von Membrantrenntechnik in Lebens‐ oder Nahrungsergänzungsmitteln
Authors: Grahl Franz , Beitlich Nicole , Fechter Michael , Speer Karl , Herdegen Volker , Eßlinger Michael , Haseneder Roland , Repke Jens‐Uwe 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFür Biertreber, das mengenmäßig größte Nebenprodukt im Brauprozess, soll als Zwischenstand eines laufenden Forschungsprojekts ein über den bekannten Stand der bisherigen Trebernutzung hinausgehender Verwertungspfad vorgestellt werden. Der Fokus liegt hierbei auf einer anpassbaren, selektiven Abtrennung der noch enthaltenen Wertstoffe aus dem Treberpresswasser. Es werden Versuche zur gezielten Abtrennung der Inhaltsstoffe für eine spätere stoffliche Nutzung mittels Mikro‐, Ultra‐ und Nanofiltration vorgestellt. Die Eignung verschiedener Membranen wird dabei basierend auf der erreichten Permeabilität sowie dem Rückhalt von Wertkomponentenklassen wie Proteinen und Polyphenolen bewertet. Es konnte u. a. gezeigt werden, dass bei der Mikrofiltration mithilfe einer rotierenden Membran Permeatflüsse im Bereich der kommerziellen Bierfiltration erreichbar sind.
Highly Sensitive and Selective Dopamine Detection Utilizing Nitrogen‐Doped Mesoporous Carbon Prepared by a Molten Glucose‐Assisted Hard‐Template Approach
Authors: Liu Sen , Gao Shang , Fei Teng , Zhang Tong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNitrogen‐doped mesoporous carbons (N‐MCs) are promising materials for electrochemical sensors or biosensors. However, facile and effective methods for the preparation of N‐MCs for electrochemical detection of dopamine (DA) are required. A molten‐glucose‐assisted hard‐template approach has been developed to synthesize N‐MC materials by in situ introduction of nitrogen precursors, including ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA), dicyandiamide, and melamine. The combined characterization of X‐ray diffraction (XRD), N2 sorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicate the successful preparation of N‐MC materials. Most importantly, after detailed examination by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), N‐MC obtained by using melamine as precursor (designated as N‐MC‐MA) displays good catalytic activity for electrochemical oxidation of DA. The N‐MC‐MA‐based DA sensor shows a linear range from 0.2–8 μm with a detection limit of 0.05 μm in the presence of ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA), thus showing excellent sensitivity and selectivity for electrochemical DA detection.
Photochromic Room Temperature Ionic Liquids Based on Anionic Diarylethene Derivatives
Authors: Jordão Noémi , Ferreira Pedro , Cruz Hugo , Parola A. Jorge , Branco Luís C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTwo photochromic room‐temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) based on anionic diarylethene derivative (DTE) were synthesized and characterized. Photochemical (quantum yields for ring closure and opening) and electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry) properties of the [ALIQUAT]2[DTE] and [P6,6,6,14]2[DTE] compounds as amorphous salts have been investigated. All compounds (including the di‐acid precursor and two RTILs) were studied in solution, in their intrinsically pure forms (RTIL as unique media) and in the solid state (BaSO4 support). Combination with larger organic cations can stabilize the closed‐ring form, apparently avoiding the formation of by‐products without photodegradation. It is observed that the closed‐ring reaction is faster in the case of RTILs comparing to the di‐acid starting material. The coloration switches between transparent (initial state) to purple ([ALIQUAT]2[DTE]) or pink ([P6,6,6,14]2[DTE]). The novel diarylethene‐based RTILs as multi‐coloured photochromic materials can open attractive perspectives for materials science applications.
For common community phylogenetic analyses, go ahead and use synthesis phylogenies
Authors: Li Daijiang , Trotta Lauren , Marx Hannah E. , Allen Julie M. , Sun Miao , Soltis Douglas E. , Soltis Pamela S. , Guralnick Robert P. , Baiser Benjamin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractShould we build our own phylogenetic trees based on gene sequence data, or can we simply use available synthesis phylogenies? This is a fundamental question that any study involving a phylogenetic framework must face at the beginning of the project. Building a phylogeny from gene sequence data (purpose‐built phylogeny) requires more effort, expertise, and cost than subsetting an already available phylogeny (synthesis‐based phylogeny). However, we still lack a comparison of how these two approaches to building phylogenetic trees influence common community phylogenetic analyses such as comparing community phylogenetic diversity and estimating trait phylogenetic signal. Here, we generated three purpose‐built phylogenies and their corresponding synthesis‐based trees (two from Phylomatic and one from the Open Tree of Life, OTL). We simulated 1,000 communities and 12,000 continuous traits along each purpose‐built phylogeny. We then compared the effects of different trees on estimates of phylogenetic diversity (alpha and beta) and phylogenetic signal (Pagel's λ and Blomberg's K). Synthesis‐based phylogenies generally yielded higher estimates of phylogenetic diversity when compared to purpose‐built phylogenies. However, resulting measures of phylogenetic diversity from both types of phylogenies were highly correlated (Spearman's > 0.8 in most cases). Mean pairwise distance (both alpha and beta) is the index that is most robust to the differences in tree construction that we tested. Measures of phylogenetic diversity based on the OTL showed the highest correlation with measures based on the purpose‐built phylogenies. Trait phylogenetic signal estimated with synthesis‐based phylogenies, especially from the OTL, was also highly correlated with estimates of Blomberg's K or close to Pagel's λ from purpose‐built phylogenies when traits were simulated under Brownian motion. For commonly employed community phylogenetic analyses, our results justify taking advantage of recently developed and continuously improving synthesis trees, especially the Open Tree of Life.
Study on catalytic cracking of toluene as the model compound of tar by different catalysts
Authors: Zhang Kaidi , Jiang Meng , Cheng Qunpeng , Song Guangsen , Fan Guozhi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this work, three catalysts (Ni‐based catalyst, Ni/Fe‐based catalyst, and Ni/Ce‐based catalyst) were developed for catalytic cracking of toluene as a model compound of tar in a fixed bed reactor. The characteristic of catalysts were determined by XRD, EDX, and BET. Meanwhile, the effects of calcination temperature and reaction temperature on syngas yield and toluene conversion rate were also studied. The results showed that the BET surface area was decreased with the rise of calcination temperature, while the content of hydrogen and syngas yield were decreased with the rise of calcination temperature. The three catalysts showed a promising application in catalytic reforming of toluene for hydrogen production. The catalytic performance of three catalysts was ordered as Ni/Ce > Ni/Fe > Ni > thermal cracking. The maximum syngas yield (1.44 L/g toluene) and toluene conversion rate (96.4%) were obtained for Ni/Ce‐based catalyst, which indicated the effectiveness of the Ni/Ce‐based catalyst.
Histone deacetylases 1 and 2 inhibition suppresses cytokine production and osteoclast bone resorption in vitro
Authors: Algate Kent , Haynes David , Fitzsimmons Tracy , Romeo Ornella , Wagner Florence , Holson Edward , Reid Robert , Fairlie David , Bartold Peter , Cantley Melissa 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe regulation of epigenetic factors is an emerging therapeutic target of immune function in a variety of osteolytic pathologies. Histone deacetylases (HDAC) modify core histone proteins and transcriptional processes, in addition to nonhistone protein activity. The activated immune response in rheumatoid arthritis, periodontitis, and prosthetic implant particle release stimulates the catabolic activity of osteoclasts. In this study, we investigated the effects of novel therapeutic agents targeting HDAC isozymes (HDAC 1, 2, and 5), previously shown to be upregulated in inflammatory bone disorders, in cytokine‐stimulated human monocytes and osteoclasts in vitro. Inhibiting HDAC 1 and 2 significantly reduced gene expression of IL‐1β, TNF, MCP‐1, and MIP‐1α in TNF‐stimulated monocytes, while suppressing secretions of IL‐1β, IL‐10, INF‐γ, and MCP‐1 (P < .05). Osteoclast formation and bone resorption were also significantly diminished with HDAC 1 and 2 inhibition, through reduced NFATc1 expression and osteoclast specific target genes, TRAF6, CTR, TRAP, and Cathepsin K (P < .05). Similar trends were observed when inhibiting HDAC 1 and to a lesser extent, HDAC 2, in isolation. However, their combined inhibition had the greatest anti‐inflammatory and antiosteoclastic effects. Targeting HDAC 5 had minimal effects on these processes investigated in this study, whereas a broad acting HDACi, 1179.4b, had widespread suppressive outcomes. This study demonstrates that targeting HDACs is a potent and effective way of regulating the inflammatory and catabolic processes in human monocytes and osteoclasts. It also demonstrates the importance of targeting individual HDACs with an overall aim to improve efficiency and reduce any potential off target effects.
Silencing of PTGS2 exerts promoting effects on angiogenesis endothelial progenitor cells in mice with ischemic stroke via repression of the NF‐κB signaling pathway
Authors: Zhou Zheyi , Lu Changjun , Meng Shuhui , Dun Linglu , Yin Nannan , An Hongwei , Xu Hong , Liu Guocheng , Cai Yefeng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe objective of the current study is to investigate the effect of PTGS2 on proliferation, migration, angiogenesis and apoptosis of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in mice with ischemic stroke through the NF‐κB signaling pathway. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was established in mice. EPCs were identified, in which ectopic expression and depletion experiments were conducted. The mRNA and protein expression of related factors in tissues and cells were measured. Besides, proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and apoptosis, as well as cell cycle distribution, of cells were determined. MCAO mice showed overexpression of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), IL‐17, and IL‐23, and increased positive protein expression of PTGS2, as well as expression of PTGS2, nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB), tumor suppressor region 1 (TSP‐1) and Bcl‐2‐associated X protein (Bax), but underexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), S‐phase kinase associated protein 2 (Skp2), and B‐cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2). Moreover, ectopic expression of tumor necrosis factor‐α significantly elevated the expression of PTGS2, NF‐κB, TSP‐1, and Bax, as well as cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, but decreased the expression of VEGF, Skp2, and Bcl‐2, as well as proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of EPCs, and the PTGS2‐siRNA group showed an opposite trend. Taken together, we conclude that the specific knockdown of PTGS2 expression could repress the NF‐κB signaling pathway, thereby inhibits apoptosis and promotes proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of EPCs, providing protective effect on mice with ischemic stroke.
Elevated urine oxalate and renal calculi in a classic galactosemia patient on soy‐based formula
Authors: Sabatino Julia A. , Starin Danielle , Tuchman Shamir , Ferreira Carlos , Regier Debra S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractClassic galactosemia results from a deficiency in the galactose‐1‐phosphate uridylyltransferase (GALT) enzyme, which is essential for galactose metabolism. Treatment focuses on lactose restriction and is achieved with a soy‐based diet. Previously, renal calculi have not been documented in galactosemia patients. We present a patient with galactosemia nutritionally dependent on soy‐based formula via G‐tube, who developed renal calculi. Analysis of urinary stone risk factors revealed elevated urine oxalate levels and stone analysis confirmed calcium oxalate composition. Initiation of lactose‐ and soy‐free elemental formula returned urine oxalate level to normal. Given the presence of a metabolic pathway for the conversion of galactose to oxalate, and the high content of oxalate in soy‐based formula, there is the potential for elevated urine oxalate and a resulting risk of urinary calculi formation in patients with classic galactosemia. This potential can be effectively managed with a lactose and soy‐free elemental diet. This report describes the clinical course and novel findings of calcium oxalate urinary calculi in a classic galactosemia patient dependent upon soy‐based formula, with a discussion regarding the multiple factors leading to increased stone formation in this patient.
Halal holidays: How is value perceived by Muslim tourists?
Authors: Rodrigo Padmali , Turnbull Sarah 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study explored the perceived values considered by Muslims when undertaking a halal holiday. The data for the study were gathered via 21 semistructured interviews conducted among Sri Lankan Muslims. Incorporating the theory of consumption values developed by Sheth, thematic analysis was used explore the key perceived consumption values that Muslim travellers associated with halal tourism. The findings of the study demonstrate that the perceived value associated with halal holidays is multidimensional, comprising both consumption and Islamic religious values such as Iman (faith), which refers to the conscience, and suggest that “Muslims should act within the Sharia (Islamic Law), and only choose what is halal and remember Allah when making decisions”. This study contributes to the body of knowledge on consumer perceived values by emphasizing that in the context of halal holidays, Islamic values captured by Iman play a significant role in customer expectations regarding perceived consumption values. Thus, tourism and hospitality organizations need to develop products and services that are Sharia‐compliant. Such initiatives would enable tourism and hospitality firms to demonstrate their responsiveness to specific cultural needs.
Overcoming Kinetic Trapping for Morphology Evolution during Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly
Authors: Li Dan , Huo Meng , Liu Lei , Zeng Min , Chen Xi , Wang Xiaosong , Yuan Jinying 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPolymerization‐induced self‐assembly (PISA) is a powerful technique to synthesize assemblies with various morphologies. However, PISA mediated by long, stabilizing chains usually produces kinetically trapped spheres; thus, the morphology evolution remains a challenge. Here, a convenient and general strategy for facilitating the morphological evolution by the copolymerization of solvophilic monomers is reported. With the incorporation of only 7% (molar ratio) solvophilic 3‐(triethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (TESPMA) into poly(N,N‐dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)‐b‐poly(benzyl methacrylate) (PDMA‐b‐PBzMA) spheres, PDMA‐b‐P(BzMA‐co‐TESPMA) assemblies evolve from spheres to worms, octopi‐like and jellyfish‐like structures, vesicles, and large compound vesicles. This non‐specific effect is further confirmed by the copolymerization of BzMA with other solvophilic monomers, including N,N‐dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMA), N,N‐diethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DEA), and 2‐hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA). This work provides a convenient approach to promote morphology evolution and develops the formulations design of PISA.
SDN‐based architecture for providing quality of service to high‐performance distributed applications
Authors: Oliveira Alexandre T. , Martins Bruno José C. A. , Moreno Marcelo F. , Gomes Antônio Tadeu A. , Ziviani Artur , Borges Vieira Alex 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThe specification of quality of service (QoS) requirements in most of the existing networks is still challenging. In part, traditional network environments are limited by their high administrative cost, although software‐defined networks (SDNs), a newer network paradigm, simplify the management of the whole network infrastructure. In fact, SDN provides a simple way to effectively develop QoS provisioning mechanisms. In this sense, we explore the SDN model and its flexibility to develop a QoS provisioning architecture. Through the use of our new architecture, network operators are able to specify QoS levels in a simple way. Each individual data flow can be addressed, and the architecture we propose also negotiates the QoS requirements between the network controller and applications. On the other hand, the network controller continuously monitors the network environment. Then, it allocates network elements resources and prioritizes traffic, adjusting the network performance. We evaluate the feasibility of our QoS provisioning mechanism by presenting three experimental setups under realistic scenarios. For example, for a given scenario where we evaluate file transfers, our results indicate that the additional SDN modules present negligible overhead. Moreover, for a given setup, we observe a reduction of up to 82% in the file transfer times.
Synthesis of Functionalized Azobiphenyl‐ and Azoterphenyl‐ Ditopic Linkers: Modular Building Blocks for Photoresponsive Smart Materials
Authors: Grosjean Sylvain , Hodapp Patrick , Hassan Zahid , Wöll Christof , Nieger Martin , Bräse Stefan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractModular synthesis of structurally diverse functionalized azobiphenyls and azoterphenyls for the realization of optically switchable materials has been described. The corresponding synthesis of azobiphenyls and azoterphenyls by stepwise Mills/Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction, proceeds with high yields and provides facile access to a library of functionalized building blocks. The synthetic methods described herein allow combining several distinct functional groups within a single unit, each intended for a specific task, such as 1) the −N=N− azobenzene core as a photoswitchable moiety, 2) aryls and heteroaryls, functionalized with carboxylic acids or pyridine at its peripheries, as coordinating moieties and 3) varying substitution, size and length of the backbone for adaptability to specific applications. These specifically designed azobiphenyls and azoterphenyls provide modular bricks, potentially useful for the assembly of a variety of polymers, molecular containers and coordination networks, offering a high degree of molecular functionality. Once integrated into materials, the azobenzene system, as a side group on the organic linker backbone, can be exploited for remotely controlling the structural, mechanical or physical properties, thus being applicable for a broad variety of ‘smart’ applications.