bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GEOMETRIC INTERPRETATION INERTIA MOMENT CORRELATION AT CENTROIDAL PRINCIPAL AXIS ROTATION
Authors: Ivanov P. S. , Plyaskin A. S. 
Published: October 2018

One of the directions of further building development and improvement is the creation of structures with a complex internal structure, i. e. combined sections made of various materials operating in a single construction. It is necessary to search for new engineering methods that take into account the behavior of such structures. Trigonometric functions of in ertia moments not only increase the efficiency of computations, especially for complex resistance, but also provide new approaches to the development of engineering methods of building calculation with a complex internal structure.Objective: The aim of this work is to increase the calculation range for formulas of determining the ratios of inertia moments based on the transformation of trigonometric functions.Results: A new application of inertia ratios is proposed for the use of trigonometric functions.Practical implications: The results of theoretical studies can be used in the development of engineering methods for building calculations with a complex internal structure.
THE MODEL OF MICROSPHERE GENERATION FROM SILICON DIOXIDE AGGLOMERATES
Authors: Shekhovtsov V. V. , Volokitin O. G. , Volokitin G. G. , Skripnikova N. K. , Balobanov P. V. 
Published: October 2018

The paper presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies of thermal plasma heating and melting of agglomerated powder based on quartz sand screenings of the Tugan Deposit, Tomsk region, Russia. It is shown that phase transitions significantly affect the process of thermal plasma heating and melting of agglomerated powder, which can lead to unjustified heating of particles. The results of thermochemical processes due to heating are presented herein. It is found that the total concentration of phases subjected to evaporation at the initial stage, is rather small (0.13 wt.%). The model is proposed for the hollow particle formation from silicon dioxide agglomerates.
MERCHANTS KUKHTERINS CONTRIBUTION TO TOMSK ARCHITECTURE
Authors: Sitnikova E. V. 
Published: October 2018

The paper is devoted to the formation of the architectural look of the city of Tomsk in line with the reflection of interests of local merchants who played a key role in the development of Siberian cities. The paper reviews the most significant objects of historical and cultural heritage, built to the order of the Kukhterins in the 19–20th centuries in the city of Tomsk. The architectural analysis of individual buildings illustrated by historical and modern photographs, archival and graphic materials, is performed. It is shown that owing to the Kukhterins and Lygin cooperation, bright public objects appeared in Tomsk. They possess memorable images and reflect the merchant approach to construction - qualitative, practical and beautiful.
ANTIBIOTIC USE IN PEDIATRIC INFECTIONS; A STUDY IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Gungam Praveena , Yadav Y. Sunil Kumar , Junapudi Sunil 
Published: October 2018

Objectives: Antibiotics are frequently used in tertiary care hospitals. We conducted an observational study on children admitted to a teaching hospital in south India, to make a profile of antibiotics use and suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) owing to them. Methods: Hospitalized children of either sex, aged between 1 month and 12 years, were inspected. Baseline demographic and clinical features, duration of hospital stay, antibiotics received in hospital along with dosing and indications and interest of suspected ADRs attributable to their use were recorded. Every patient was followed up till discharge, admission to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, or passing. Results: Over the year and a half report period 364 confirmations were screened. The prevalence of Antibiotics use was 80.22%. The majority of the 292 children who received Antibiotics were males (63.35%). Median age was 35 months, five children died. In most instances, either two (41%) or a single antibiotic (37.32%) was used. Ceftriaxone, co-amoxiclav, amikacin, vancomycin, and ampicillin were predominantly used. Antimalarials, antivirals and antiprotozoals were used occasionally. Average number of Antibiotics per patient was 2.2 ± 1.1 the majority (81.15%) were by parenteral route and initial choice was usually empirical. Prescriptions were usually in generic name. The antibiotic treatment went somewhere in the range of 1 and 32 days, with a middle of 8 days. Five ADRs were noted of which half were skin rash and the rest loose stools. Conclusions: The profile of Antibiotic utilize is comprehensively like prior Indian investigations. Apparent overuse of multiple Antibiotics per prescription and the parenteral route requires exploration. Antibiotics are being used empirically in the absence of policy. ADRs to Antibiotics are occasional and usually mild. The benchmark information can serve in situation analysis for antibiotic prescribing guidelines.
Keywords: Antibiotic; Pediatric infections; Adverse drug reactions; Tertiary care hospital.
ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS IN INDIA: AN OVERVIEW
Authors: Shantajit Thokchom , Kumar Chirom Ranjeev , Zahiruddin Quazi Syed 
Published: October 2018

Road traffic accidents claim over a million lives every year in the world. As per World Health Organization (WHO) it is one of the leading cause of death. India, being a rapidly developing country with expanding economy has its own issues as regarding road traffic accidents due to rapid proliferation of motorization. Road traffic accidents causes enormous morbidity and mortality and at the same time, the toll on the economy of the country as a result of it is quite heavy. Road traffic accident is a result of an interaction among different factors which include the environment, vehicle and the human being. Traditionally it is considered that road traffic accidents are accidents which are unpredictable, inevitable and not preventable. But road traffic accidents are indeed predictable and preventable in majority of the cases. This require the knowledge of factors contributing and leading to road traffic accidents. There are certain preventive measures which if adopted can lead to decrease in morbidity and mortality resulting from RTA. Hence, it is the responsibility of all to contribute in reducing road traffic accidents.
Keywords: Road traffic accidents; Road traffic injuries; Roads in India; Road safety; Vehicular registration.
Dynamic hip stability, strength and pain before and after hip abductor strengthening exercises for patients with dysplastic hips
Authors: Kuroda Daisuke , Maeyama Akira , Naito Masatoshi , Moriyama Shigeki , Yoshimura Ichiro , Nakamura Yoshinari , Kiyama Takahiko 
Published: October 2018

PURPOSE: We compared the dynamic instability of dysplastic hips using a triaxial accelerometer before and after abductor muscle strengthening exercises to determine if such exercises could achieve improvements in hip pain and associated symptoms. METHODS: We evaluated 17 hips in 17 female patients with a mean age of 37 years who presented with hip joint symptoms and acetabular dysplasia. At the initial diagnosis, we used a triaxial accelerometer to measure dynamic instability of the hip during walking. Patients were taught how and instructed to perform abductor muscle strengthening exercises for 3 months. After this time, we re-measured. we compared these values before and after exercise. RESULTS: The average abductor muscle strength improved from 104.4± 35.4 N to 124.3 ± 35.9 N after exercise, an improvement of approximately 16%. The overall magnitude of acceleration significantly decreased from 2.40 ± 0.34 m/s $^{2}$ at pre-exercise to 1.82 ± 0.28 m/s $^{2}$ at post-exercise (p < 0.0001). The VAS also significantly improved (p=0.0005). In all cases, hip joint symptoms were significantly improved by the performance of the studied abductor muscle strengthening exercises. CONCLUSIONS: Using a triaxial accelerometer, we have shown that instability of the hip during walking can be improved by abductor muscle strengthening exercises.
Validity and reliability of the Myotest Pro wireless accelerometer in squat jumps
Authors: Bampouras Theodoros M. , Relph Nicola S. , Orme Duncan , Esformes Joseph I. 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND: Portable and cost-effective accelerometers can yield instantaneous results of force, power, and velocity, with minimum set-up time to assess muscle power. However, such devices must also produce both valid and reliable data. OBJECTIVE: The current study assessed the validity and reliability of the Myotest Pro wireless accelerometer (ACC). METHODS: Thirty physically active males performed two squat jump, on two separate sessions. The jump was recorded simultaneously by a force platform and ACC, which was attached to a barbell resting on the subjects' shoulders. Validity was determined using Pearson correlation coefficient (r) and t-test between the maximum force platform(F $_{FP}$ ) and ACC (F $_{ACC}$ ) force. Between session reliability of F $_{ACC}$ , power(P $_{ACC}$ ) and velocity (V $_{ACC}$ ) from the ACC were assessed with t-test, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and coefficient of variation (CV). RESULTS: F $_{ACC}$ correlated highly to F $_{FP}$ (r=0.815, p< 0.05), but there was a proportionate ratio bias of 0.81. There was no difference between sessions (p> 0.05) for any variable. High ICCs were found for all variables(F $_{ACC}$ 0.90; P $_{ACC}$ 0.80; V $_{ACC}$ 0.84). Low CV was found for F $_{ACC}$ (2.1%), P $_{ACC}$ (3.3%) and V $_{ACC}$ (3.2%). CONCLUSIONS: ACC is a valid and reliable tool to use for assessing barbell movement, but caution in power data interpretation is needed.
Comparison of shoulder range of motion, strength, and endurance in amateur pitchers practicing repetitive overhead throwing
Authors: Yu Jae-Ho , Lee Gyu-Chang 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND: A decrease in the range of internal rotation known as glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD) which caused by repetitive overhead throwing is known to take place in elite baseball players. However few attempts at studying the differences in the range of motion (ROM), muscle strength, and endurance according to the duration of the involvement of players have been made. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the difference in ROM, muscle strength, endurance of shoulder among amateur pitchers. METHOD: Forty-two right-handed amateur pitchers in their 20 s and 30 s, with similar physical characteristics participated in the study. They were divided into three groups according to their pitching experience. Range of motion, shoulder external and internal strength and endurance and grip strength were measured and compared. RESULTS: The ROM was significantly different among the 3 groups(P< 0.05), especially with respect to external rotation, internal rotation, and external rotation on side-lying. The peak torque of the right external rotators differed significantly between 2 and 3 year experience groups (P< 0.05). Further, the peak torque and the endurance of external rotator significantly differed between dominant and non-dominant shoulders in between 1 year group and 2 years group (P< 0.05). In external rotation endurance, there were significant differences between the 1 and 2 years groups, and between the 2 and 3 years group (P< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, repetitive overhead throwing for more than a year caused structural changes in shoulder joints, which were possible responsible for changes in the range of motion and decrease external rotators performance. Such changes in the shoulder could generate a pattern shift in motion and cause secondary injuries such as internal impingement syndrome.
Lower limb strength is associated with gait biomechanical abnormalities in older female fallers and non-fallers
Authors: Marques Nise Ribeiro , Hallal Camilla Zamfolini , Crozara Luciano Fernandes , Morcelli Mary Hellen , Karuka Aline Harumi , Navega Marcelo Tavella , Gonçalves Mauro 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND: Age-related loss in lower limb strength is related with impaired mobility. However, the association between decreased lower limb strength and gait biomechanical abnormalities is unclear. %In line with this, With respect to these statements, our study aimed to compare the maximum isokinetic voluntary strength (MIVS) of hip, knee and ankle of older women with and without history of falls. Also, we correlate the strength of each group with gait biomechanics. METHODS: The MIVS were assessed during concentric/concentric movements performed for hip, knee and ankle joints. Gait biomechanics(kinematic and electromyography) were assessed during 1-minute recorded during the volunteers walking on the treadmill at self-selected speed. Electromyographic signal was analyzed by the linear envelop after heel strike and before toe-off. The kinematic data were analyzed using the variables: step time, length and step width and ankle angle at heel strike, and hip angle at toe-off. RESULTS: In faller group, we found that a decreased hip abduction and adduction MIVS is associated with a higher tibialis anterior activation at initial stance (p =0.04 and r =−0.53 and p=0.04 and r=−0.52). CONCLUSION: Therefore, an impaired strength of hip could causes compensation in ankle stabilizer muscles activation at initial stance in older female fallers.
Comparison of peak torque, intensity and discomfort generated by neuromuscular electrical stimulation of low and medium frequency
Authors: Fukuda Thiago Yukio , Marcondes Freddy Beretta , dos Anjos Rabelo Nayra , de Vasconcelos Rodrigo Antunes , Junior Claudio Cazarini 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Neuromuscular electrical stimulation(NMES) is an important tool in clinical practice to improve the recruitment of motor units. Optimal forms of NMES, as well as the optimal frequency to achieve the highest torque with the least possible discomfort are not well established. This study was designed to compare maximum electrically-induced torque (MEIT) in the quadriceps, the maximum intensity tolerated by the subject, and the level of discomfort generated by three types of stimulation. METHODS: Thirty subjects (mean age of 25.0 ± 3.0 years) participated in the study. Each subject was submitted to three currents: medium frequency (2500 Hz) modulated in low frequency (Russian Current), and two currents of low frequency(50 Hz), i.e. without an intrapulse interval (FES), and another with an intrapulse interval of 100 μs (VMS). The maximum voluntary isometric torque (MVIT) of the quadriceps was measured. The MEIT, the level of discomfort, and the maximum intensity reached were also measured while applying the three types of NMES. The order of the tests was randomized and the torque was normalized in relation to MVIT. RESULTS: The results showed no significant difference between the three types of NMES in relation to the generated torque. However, the subjects were able to tolerate a significantly higher intensity with the medium frequency current, and suffered less discomfort when compared to subjects exposed to low frequency currents. CONCLUSION: Russian Current, FES, and VMS can be used clinically in order to increase the torque of the quadriceps muscle. However, we suggest using the Russian Current in the early stages of a rehabilitation protocol because it showed better tolerance by the participants with less discomfort.
The relationship between isokinetic performance of hip and knee and jump performance in university rugby players
Authors: Harrison Benjamin , Firth Will , Rogers Sean , Tipple Joshua , Marsden Jon , Freeman Jennifer A. , Hough Alan D. , Shum Gary L.K. 
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate how isokinetic lower limb strength and velocity of knee and hip extension correlate to vertical jump performance in university team rugby players. METHODS: Twenty asymptomatic university team rugby players performed a maximal vertical jump test, in which the vertical displacement was measured from maximum standing reach height to maximal height attained from a countermovement jump. A dynamometer assessed the maximal isokinetic strength and velocity of hip and knee extension in the dominant leg. Peak torque was measured when participants moved at angular velocities of 60 and 120°/s for hip extension, and 120 and 240°/s for knee extension. The highest velocity achieved during isokinetic hip and knee extension up to a maximum level of 360°/s was recorded. RESULTS: Moderately strong correlations were found between knee extension strength and vertical jump height, particularly when testing at faster angular velocities of 240°/s (R=0.609, p=0.002). There was also a significant moderate correlation between maximum knee extension speed and vertical jump height (R=0.540, p=0.007). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that focusing on strength/power training of the knee extensors at a high speed may result in improved vertical jump performance.
The influence of circadian rhythms on peak isokinetic force of quadriceps and hamstring muscles
Authors: Sinclair J. , Wright J. , Hurst H.T. , Taylor P.J. , Atkins S. 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND: Circadian rhythms, and their potential influence on athletic performance, have been the subject of a number of investigations. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the influence of circadian rhythms on the peak isokinetic force of the quadriceps and hamstring muscle groups, and the relationship of cortisol level with these measures. METHODS: Twelve male and twelve female participants completed maximal isokinetic flexion and extension movements of their dominant leg at 60°/s using an isokinetic dynamometer. Data were collected at 09.00(Session A), 14.00 (Session B) and 18.00 (Session C). Salivary cortisol was also obtained immediately prior to each session. Differences in isokinetic strength parameters and salivary cortisol concentrations, between the three sessions, were examined using 2 × 3 mixed ANOVAs. Pearson correlations were used to examine the relationship between isokinetic strength and salivary cortisol. RESULTS: For all of the flexion parameters, but none of their extension counterparts, session C was associated with significantly greater isokinetic strength compared to session A. No significant relationships were observed between measures of isokinetic strength and cortisol. CONCLUSIONS: The findings from this investigation suggest that both male and female athletes performing knee flexion strengthening exercises should conduct their training/competitions in the late afternoon or early evening in order to maximize performance.
Validity and reproducibility of a lower limb isokinetic muscular endurance testing protocol
Authors: Jones Thomas W. , Howatson Glyn , Russell Mark , French Duncan N. 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND: There are few standardised assessments of unilateral muscular endurance and little data examining the validity and reproducibility of isokinetic unilateral muscular endurance performance measures. OBJECTIVE: To examine the validity and reproducibility of an isokinetic assessment of lower limb unilateral muscular endurance performance. METHODS: Thirty individuals (15 endurance trained and 15 non-endurance trained) repeated a time to exhaustion (TTE) based endurance protocol on separate days. Procedures were conducted on an isokinetic dynamometer and involved leg extension through 135° of the dominant leg. The TTE protocol required participants to perform unilateral isokinetic leg extensions at 60% of individual maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) until the specified intensity and frequency could not be maintained. RESULTS: The endurance trained individuals reached significantly greater TTE than their non-endurance trained counterparts (P< 0.001). Systemic bias was small (< 5%) and measures were similar between trials. Test-retest reproducibility statistics were as follows; CV: 6.9%; LOA −170.1 to 139.5; RLOA: −0.320 ×/÷ 0.257. Relative reproducibility statistics were tight between trials (significant correlation P< 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Data demonstrate the validity and tight test-retest reproducibility of the aforementioned assessment of unilateral muscular endurance performance.
Is there any loss of ankle proprioception in diabetic patients without neuropathy?
Authors: Guney Hande , Kaya Defne , Citaker Seyit , Kafa Nihan , Yosmaoglu Baran , Yetkin Ilhan , Yuksel Inci , Doral Mahmut Nedim 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND: Aim of this study is to evaluate ankle joint position sense (JPS) in the diabetic patients without peripheral neuropathy (PN). The hypothesis was that diabetes would lead to decreased JPS even if there was no PN. METHODS: Thirty-seven patients with diabetes and 22 healthy controls were included in the study. PN was detected with the use of Semmes-Weinstein Monofilament test (SWMT), vibration testing by the timed method (128 Hz diapason) and two point discrimination sensation test. JPS was measured as the subjects' ability to actively reproduce target ankle dorsiflexion (DF) and plantarflexion (PF). The concentric isokinetic peak torques of the ankle DF and PF were recorded using the Biodex® System 3 Dynamometer. RESULTS: JPS was significantly lower in diabetic patients than control subjects. PF isokinetic muscle torque at 30°/s, 60°/s and 180°/s was significantly lower in diabetic patients than control subjects but DF muscle torque did not differ between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Diabetic patients displayed decreased ankle joint position sense and muscle torque even though they had no peripheral neuropathy. Treatment strategies aiming at improving proprioception and muscle strength in early stage could be beneficial to prevent the patients from diabetes complications.
Comparisons of voluntary and evoked rate of torque development and rate of velocity development during isokinetic muscle actions
Authors: Jenkins Nathaniel D.M. , Palmer Ty B. , Cramer Joel T. 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND: The rate of torque development (RTD) and the rate of velocity development (RVD) have previously been described as related; however, a direct comparison has not been performed. OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this study were to compare voluntary and evoked RVD and RTD during the same maximal isokinetic leg extensions muscle actions and to indirectly explore the influence of motor unit discharge frequency on these variables. METHODS: Sixteen men completed three maximal voluntary and three maximal evoked isokinetic leg extension muscle actions at 60°·s $^{-1}$ . Peak RVD, general RVD, peak RTD, and electromechanical delay (EMD) were calculated from the voluntary and evoked muscle actions. Voluntary and evoked RTD and RVD were also calculated for each 10 ms epoch up to 200 ms of the muscle actions. RESULTS: There was no interaction between voluntary and evoked RVD across time (p=0.12), but there was an interaction for RTD (p<0.01). However, peak RTD occurred prior to the isokinetic load range. Peak RTD(p<0.001), peak RVD (p< 0.01), general RVD (p< 0.01), isokinetic load range (p<0.001), EMD (p<0.001), and PT (p<0.001) were greater for voluntary than evoked muscle actions, which was expected due to the influence of voluntary motor unit firing rates. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, these results suggested that the calculation of RTD during the acceleration phase of an isokinetic muscle action may not be valid due to the unknown load and increasing velocity. Furthermore, the RVD may be influenced by motor unit firing rate, but to a lesser extent than RTD.