bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fusion of noisy images based on joint distribution model in dual‐tree complex wavelet domain
Authors: Sun Bin , Zhu Weidan , Luo Chengwei , Hu Kai , Hu Yu , Gao Jingjing 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSource images are frequently corrupted by noise before fusion, which will lead to the quality decline of fused image and the inconvenience for subsequent observation. However, at present, most of the traditional medical image fusion scheme cannot be implemented in noisy environment. Besides, the existing fusion methods scarcely make full use of the dependencies between source images. In this research, a novel fusion algorithm based on the statistical properties of wavelet coefficients is proposed, which incorporates fusion and denoising simultaneously. In the proposed algorithm, the new saliency and matching measures are defined by two distributions: the marginal statistical distribution of single wavelet coefficient fit by the generalized Gaussian Distribution and joint distribution of dual source wavelet coefficients modeled by the anisotropic bivariate Laplacian model. Additionally, the bivariate shrinkage is introduced to develop a noise robust fusion method, and a moment‐based parameter estimation applied in the fusion scheme is also exploited in denoising method, which allows to achieve the consistency of fusion and denoising. The experiments demonstrate that the proposed algorithm performs very well on both noisy and noise‐free images from multimodal medical datasets (computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance angiography, etc.), outperforming the conventional methods in terms of both fusion quality and noise reduction.
Hurdling Over Language Barriers: Building Relationships With Adolescent Newcomers Through Literacy Advancement
Authors: Flint Patricia , Dollar Tamra , Stewart Mary Amanda 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAdolescents who are newcomers in a country and beginning to acquire English as an additional language are often in secondary classrooms with teachers who do not speak their languages. Due to these communication obstacles, there is a great need for teachers to build relationships with their students while setting optimal conditions for literacy development across languages (e.g., English and Spanish) and domains (e.g., oral, written, and digital communication). Guided by tenets of culturally and linguistically responsive pedagogy, the authors describe how two self‐identifying monolingual English‐speaking teachers formed relationships with high school newcomers during a summer literacy institute. The authors highlight three specific literacy activities that facilitated students’ oral, written, and digital literacy skills in both English and Spanish while also creating a space for caring relationships to form between students and teachers.
Inhibition of the Oxygen Sensor PHD2 Enhances Tissue-Engineered Endochondral Bone Formation
Authors: Stiers Pieter-Jan , Stegen Steve , van Gastel Nick , Van Looveren Riet , Torrekens Sophie , Carmeliet Geert 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT

Tissue engineering holds great promise for bone regenerative medicine, but clinical translation remains challenging. An important factor is the low cell survival after implantation, primarily caused by the lack of functional vasculature at the bone defect. Interestingly, bone development and repair initiate predominantly via an avascular cartilage template, indicating that chondrocytes are adapted to limited vascularization. Given these advantageous properties of chondrocytes, we questioned whether tissue-engineered cartilage intermediates implanted ectopically in mice are able to form bone, even when the volume size increases. Here, we show that endochondral ossification proceeds efficiently when implant size is limited (≤30 mm3), but chondrogenesis and matrix synthesis are impaired in the center of larger implants, leading to a fibrotic core. Increasing the level of angiogenic growth factors does not improve this outcome, because this strategy enhances peripheral bone formation, but disrupts the conversion of cartilage into bone in the center, resulting in a fibrotic core, even in small implants. On the other hand, activation of hypoxia signaling in cells before implantation stimulates chondrogenesis and matrix production, which culminates in enhanced bone formation throughout the entire implant. Together, our results show that induction of angiogenesis alone may lead to adverse effects during endochondral bone repair, whereas activation of hypoxia signaling represents a superior therapeutic strategy to improve endochondral bone regeneration in large tissue-engineered implants. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Ciprofloxacin–Isatin Hybrids and Their Antimycobacterial Activities
Authors: Xu Zhi , Zhao Shi‐Jia , Deng Jia‐Lun , Wang Qin , Lv Zao‐Sheng 
Published: November 2018

A series of diethylene glycol tethered ciprofloxacin–isatin hybrids 5a–j were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their in vitro antimycobacterial activity against both drug‐sensitive and multidrug‐resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in this paper. The preliminary results revealed that all hybrids with greater lipophilicity than the parent ciprofloxacin displayed considerable activity against the tested strains with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in a range of 1.56–64 μg/mL. In particular, hybrid 5f (MIC: 1.56 and 2 μg/mL) with low cytotoxicity in VERO cell line was comparable with the parent ciprofloxacin (MIC: 0.78 and 2 μg/mL) against M. tuberculosis H37Rv and MDR tuberculosis strains and ≥16‐fold more potent than isoniazid and rifampicin (MIC: >128 and 32 μg/mL, respectively) against MDR tuberculosis, suggesting that it may serve as a new and promising candidate for further study.
Gene expression in hip soft tissues in incipient canine hip dysplasia and osteoarthritis
Authors: Todhunter Rory J. , Garrison Susan J. , Jordan Julie , Hunter Linda , Castelhano Marta G. , Ash Kristian , Meyers‐Wallen Vicki , Krotscheck Ursula , Hayward Jessica J. , Grenier Jennifer 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTCanine hip dysplasia and developmental dysplasia of the human hip share demographic, phenotypic, and clinical features including the predisposition to develop osteoarthritis in affected joints. To support the results of genetic mapping studies for CHD and its concomitant osteoarthritis with functional information, we performed RNA‐seq on hip capsule and teres ligament of affected and unaffected dogs. RNA seq showed that expressed genes segregated according age, capsule or ligament, and hip phenotype. Expression ofHHIP,DACT2, andWIF1was significantly higher in capsule from control hips than dysplastic hips indicating a disruption of the hedgehog signaling pathway. Expression ofSPON1, a key component of the WNT pathway, was increased significantly in both dysplastic capsule and ligament whileFBN2andEMILIN3were significantly increased in dysplastic capsule. Of genes associated with human hip osteoarthritis, expression ofACAN,IGF1,CILP2,COL11A1,COL8A1, andHAPLNwas increased significantly in dysplastic capsule. The significant increase in expression ofPLA2F,TNFRSF,TMEM, andIGFBPin dysplastic capsule indicated an injury response. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that genes involved in extracellular matrix structure, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, myogenesis, growth factor signaling, cancer and immune pathways were enriched in dysplastic capsule. For teres ligament from dysplastic joints, genes in retinoic signaling pathways and those encoding extracellular matrix molecules, but not proteoglycans, were enriched. Hip tissues respond to abnormal mechanics early in dysplastic hip development and these pathways present targets for intervention in the early synovitis and capsulitis secondary to canine and human hip dysplasia. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:313–324, 2019.
Simultaneous quantification of N‐butylthiophosphoric triamide and dicyandiamide in urea formulation by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Yogesha Subbaiah , Arun Kumar , Shetty Sharankumar G. , Ravi Hegde , Ramesh Narayana 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA new liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method employing a mixed‐mode zwitterionic stationary phase was developed for simultaneous determination of urease inhibitor (N‐butylthiophosphoric triamide) and nitrification inhibitor (dicyandiamide) in urea fertilizer. Molecular modeling based on density functional theory calculations was employed to provide an insight into the interaction mechanism of urea, dicyandiamide, and N‐butylthiophosphoric triamide with zwitterionic stationary phase in chromatographic separation system. The detection of analytes was performed on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer in multiple reaction monitoring mode using positive electrospray ionization. The ion transitions monitored were m/z 85→68 for dicyandiamide and m/z 168.2→74 for N‐butylthiophosphoric triamide, respectively. The standard calibration curves of dicyandiamide and N‐butylthiophosphoric triamide were linear over the range of 1.0 ̶ 15 ppm (coefficient of determination = 0.9984), 0.05 ̶ 1 ppm (coefficient of determination = 0.9995), with limit of detection of 25 and 5 ppb, respectively. The recoveries of low, middle, and high concentrations were from 96.7 to 105.8% for N‐butylthiophosphoric triamide and 94.4 to 105.8% for dicyandiamide with accuracy (relative error %) of ≤5.8% and ≤5.8%, the precision (coefficients of variation) was ≤2.0% and ≤2.9%, respectively. The validated method was successfully applied on real urea samples to determine N‐butylthiophosphoric triamide and dicyandiamide simultaneously.
Voice outcomes after endoscopic sinus surgery in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis
Authors: Hall Christian A. , Hernandez Stephen C. , Barry Rachel A. , Zito Brittany A. , McWhorter Andrew J. , Fink Daniel S. , Barham Henry P. 
Published: November 2018

Objectives/HypothesisThe purpose of this study was to assess voice outcomes after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP).Study DesignIndividual cohort study.MethodsA study was performed of patients with CRSwNP who underwent ESS from July 2015 to May 2016 at a tertiary referral medical center. The main outcome measures were subjective improvement in patient‐reported outcomes, using the 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) and 10‐item Voice Handicap Index (VHI‐10).ResultsA total of 50 patients (age 47.9 years; 48% female), 66% revision and 34% primary, were available at a follow‐up of 3 months. At the 3‐month follow‐up, both SNOT‐22 and VHI‐10 scores were improved from preoperative values (−41.8 and −14.7, respectively).ConclusionsSuccessful treatment of sinonasal disease can help to improve voice outcomes in patients with CRSwNP. There are inherent differences in the long‐term outcomes of the results beyond 3 months based on practice patterns of ongoing medical management, but our results are interesting in that they show early improvement in voice outcomes.Level of Evidence2b Laryngoscope, 129:299–302, 2019
Characterization of aged rat vocal fold fibroblasts
Authors: Kawai Yoshitaka , Kishimoto Yo , Sogami Tohru , Suzuki Ryo , Tsuji Takuya , Hiwatashi Nao , Tateya Ichiro , Kanemaru Shin‐Ichi , Nakamura Tatsuo , Omori Koichi , Hirano Shigeru 
Published: November 2018

Objectives/HypothesisTo elucidate the aging physiology of the vocal folds, we examined the characters of aged vocal fold fibroblasts (VFFs) in various conditions.Study DesignIn vitro study.MethodsVFFs from young (12‐week‐old) and aged (19‐month‐old) Sprague‐Dawley rats were compared. Proliferative capacity, ratio of myofibroblast to fibroblast, myofibroblast function, and extracellular matrix production were examined in the following conditions: naïve, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) supplemented, and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) supplemented.ResultsAged VFFs demonstrated reduced proliferation by cell counting, though the ratio of Ki‐67–positive cells showed no difference. Aged VFFs exhibited an increased expression of α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA); however, they demonstrated no enhanced contractile ability in a gel contraction assay. Type I collagen protein was increased age dependently, accompanied with decreased Mmp1 and unchanged Col1a1 transcription. Type I collagen protein and α‐SMA represented quite similar reduction patterns to bFGF or HGF administration.ConclusionsThe following possible characteristics of aged VFFs were implied: long duration of mitosis, increased myofibroblast population size with certain dysfunctions, reduced type I collagen turnover, and correlation between α‐SMA expression and type I collagen metabolism. Further investigations of these features will help to clarify presbyphonia's pathology and establish treatment strategies.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 129:E94–E101, 2019
Mortality associated with tracheostomy complications in the United States: 2007–2016
Authors: Cramer John D. , Graboyes Evan M. , Brenner Michael J. 
Published: November 2018

Objectives/HypothesisTo investigate patterns of tracheostomy‐associated death in the United States.Study DesignRetrospective database review.MethodsWe used Multiple Cause‐of‐Death data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to determine cumulative national mortality associated with tracheostomy complications in the United States from 2007 to 2016. Using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision data, we investigated how frequently tracheostomy‐related complications were reported in cause of death data. We then compared the characteristics of patients with tracheostomy‐related mortality to patients reported to have died of other causes.ResultsOver the 10‐year period studied, we identified 623 tracheostomy‐related deaths (537 adults and 86 children) out of 25,587,306 total deaths reported. Although absolute mortality was higher in adults, the reported base rate of tracheostomy complication–associated mortality was tenfold higher in children. Most tracheostomy‐related deaths occurred in a hospital facility (74.5% in adults). Deaths associated with tracheostomy complications were significantly more common for African American children (odds ratio [OR]: 2.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.26‐3.24) and adults (OR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.29‐1.96) or in Hispanic adults (OR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.06‐1.89). Deaths related to a tracheostomy complication more commonly occurred on the weekend (OR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.04‐1.49) and in the most recent 2‐year period (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.03‐1.68). Adults with a bachelor's, master's or doctorate degree were significantly less likely to have mortality associated with a tracheostomy‐related complication (OR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.39‐0.75).ConclusionsTracheostomy‐related complications were implicated in the deaths of a significant number of individuals. Several demographic groups had increased likelihood of tracheostomy‐related mortality. Future research is necessary to develop targeted interventions to decrease harm.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 129:619–626, 2019
Changing trends in management of vestibular schwannoma: A National Cancer Database study
Authors: Bashjawish Bassel , Kılıç Suat , Baredes Soly , Eloy Jean Anderson , Liu James K. , Ying Yu‐Lan Mary 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveTo describe changes in management trends of vestibular schwannoma (VS) and the effects of median income, education level, insurance status, and tumor size on receipt of treatment.MethodsCross‐sectional analysis using the National Cancer Database from 2004 to 2014. All patients with a diagnosis of VS were identified between 2004 and 2014. Trends in treatment modality over time were analyzed. Correlation between demographics, institution type, median income, education level, and insurance status were assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regressions.ResultsOf the 22,290 VS patients identified, 16,011 (71.8%) received treatment, whereas 6,279 (28.2%) received observation. Management trend analysis over the 11‐year period revealed patients with tumor size < 1 cm are more frequently observed (34.6% of cases in 2004 vs. 60.8% of cases in 2014) and less frequently received surgery (34.6% vs. 16.8%). Multivariate analysis showed observation was more frequently used in patients ≥ 65 years; black patients; and those on Medicaid, Medicare, and noninsured (P < 0.0001). All tumors > 2 cm were more likely to be treated with surgery, specifically subtotal resections (P < 0.0001). Patients treated at nonacademic centers were more likely to receive linear accelerator, or LINAC (Accuray Incorporated, Sunnyvale, CA) therapy than Gamma Knife (Elekta, Stockholm, Sweden) (P < 0.0001).ConclusionManagement of VS is shifting toward increased observation, most significantly in tumors size < 1 cm. Insurance provider plays a significant role on receipt of treatment and modality, whereas income and education do not.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 129:1197–1205, 2019
The role of double diffusion for the heat and salt balance in Lake Kivu
Authors: Sommer Tobias , Schmid Martin , Wüest Alfred 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDouble diffusion in lakes and oceans can transform vertical gradients into staircases of convectively mixed layers separated by thin stable interfaces. Lake Kivu is an outstanding double‐diffusive natural laboratory with > 300 such steps over the permanently stratified deep basin. Here, we use 315 microstructure profiles (225 measured in Rwanda and 90 in the DRC) to shed light on the heat and salt balances of Lake Kivu. Comparing profiles from 2011 and 2015 reveals warming of 8.6 mK yr−1 below 80 m depth and negligible changes in salinity. The double‐diffusive layering is coherent over horizontal distances of 20–30 km and remained unchanged between 2011 and 2015, indicating little variability. The mean estimated dissipation within mixed layers is 1.5 × 10−10 W kg−1. If unshaped Batchelor microstructure spectra are interpreted as nonturbulent, the rescaled dissipation of 0.44 × 10−10 W kg−1 corresponds to a vertical heat flux of 0.10 W m−2, which agrees with the molecular heat flux through the adjacent stable interfaces. Using estimates of upwelling, temporal changes of temperature and salt, and vertical double‐diffusive fluxes, we established heat and salt balances, which require lateral heat and salt inputs. For salt, lateral input of freshwater at the main gradients balances upwelling. For temperature, however, the divergence of the vertical double‐diffusive fluxes can only be balanced by horizontal inputs supplying cool water above and warm water below the main gradients. This suggests that lateral inputs of water at various depths are the main drivers for this unique double‐diffusive phenomenon in Lake Kivu.
δ15N patterns in three subtropical estuaries show switch from nitrogen “reactors” to “pipes” with increasing degradation
Authors: Wells Naomi S. , Eyre Bradley D. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOngoing alterations to estuaries by inland agricultural intensification and coastal development could affect their capacity to regulate the flux of excess terrestrial nitrogen (N) to the coastal ocean. Here, a new multiform δ15N metric was developed to measure how “pristine,” moderately impacted, and highly degraded estuaries recycle (assimilation, mineralization) and remove (denitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation) N. Organic (dissolved and particulate, δ15N and δ13C) and inorganic (nitrate and ammonium, δ15N and δ18O) N forms were measured over the salinity gradient in the wet and dry season in subtropical estuaries receiving increasing terrestrial N loads (pristine: 16 kg N d−1, moderate: 150 kg N d−1, degraded: 630 kg N d−1). The difference in the inorganic vs. organic pool δ15N composition increased between the pristine (0 ± 2‰), moderate (10 ± 6‰), and degraded (20 ± 8‰) systems, indicating that N recycling decreased as degradation increased. The N2O concentrations, NO3− dual isotope values, and offsets between “measured” and “mixing expected” δ15N values further revealed that microbial processes removed up to 30% of the N load entering the moderately degraded estuary, but only 9% in the highly degraded estuary. Hydrologic differences (depth and flushing times [FTs]) could not fully explain these shifts in N fate between the estuaries and seasons, which instead aligned with nonlinear increases in phytoplankton biomass and light penetration with increasing N loads. These isotopic indicators provide direct evidence that estuaries switch from “reactors” that assimilate and remove terrestrial N to “pipes” that transport N directly to sea as degradation increases.
Investigation of structure and dynamics in a photochromic molecular crystal by NMR crystallography
Authors: Dale Benjamin L. , Halcovitch Nathan R. , Peach Michael J.G. , Griffin John M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA photochromic anil, N‐(3,5‐di‐t‐butylsalicylidene)‐4‐amino‐pyridine, has been studied by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, multinuclear magic‐angle spinning NMR, and first‐principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Interpretation of the solid‐state NMR data on the basis of calculated chemical shifts confirms the structure is primarily composed of molecules in the ground‐state enol tautomer, whereas thermally activated cis‐keto and photoisomerised trans‐keto states exist as low‐level defects with populations that are too low to detect experimentally. Variable temperature 13C NMR data reveal evidence for solid‐state dynamics, which is found to be associated with fast rotational motion of t‐butyl groups and 180° flips of the pyridine ring, contrasting the time‐averaged structure obtained by X‐ray diffraction. Comparison of calculated chemical shifts for the full crystal structure and an isolated molecule also reveals evidence for an intermolecular hydrogen bond involving the pyridine ring and an adjacent imine carbon, which facilitates the flipping motion. The DFT calculations also reveal that the molecular conformation in the crystal structure is very close to the energetic minimum for an isolated molecule, indicating that the ring dynamics arise as a result of considerable steric freedom of the pyridine ring and which also allows the molecule to adopt a favourable conformation for photochromism.