bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluralaner treatment of chickens kills the southern house mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus
Authors: Knape Koyle , Tian Yuexun , Durden Cassandra , Adams Dayvion R. , Garza Macie , Carey John B. , Hamer Sarah A. , Hamer Gabriel L. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe control of zoonotic and vector‐borne pathogens is challenging due to the limited availability of intervention tools. West Nile virus (WNV) is an example of a globally distributed zoonotic arbovirus that circulates between Culex species (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes and avian hosts, with spillover transmission to humans, resulting in disease cases. Interventions delivering systemic insecticides to vertebrate hosts used by vector species, known as xenointoxication, are potential tools for managing vector populations by creating toxic bloodmeals. In this study, we evaluated the impact of two systemic pesticides (ivermectin; Ivomec® Pour‐On and fluralaner; Bravecto®), and one anthelmintic (fenbendazole; Safe‐Guard® Aquasol) on the mortality of Cx. quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae). We found no significant difference in the feeding rates of mosquitoes that fed on treated chickens compared with those fed on untreated chickens, suggesting that the treatment did not repel mosquitoes. The mortality of Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes feeding on fluralaner‐treated chickens was significantly higher (p < 0.01) than those fed on control chickens at 3 and 7 days post‐treatment, but this effect was not observed in mosquitoes fed on chickens treated with fenbendazole or ivermectin. No differences in mortality were observed among the groups at 14, 26 or 56 days post‐treatment. These data support fluralaner as a xenointoxication tool to control Cx. quinquefasciatus populations and decrease the risk of human exposure to their associated pathogens.
Comparison of vitamin D status in healthy Bangladeshi urban and rural individuals and their association with serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase: A pilot study
Authors: Priyanka Afsana Shahid , Progga Tasnim Tabassum , Nasher Sabekun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractVitamin D insufficiency is a worldwide problem that is likely underestimated since physical symptoms may only be apparent in individuals with severe deficiencies. Previously, people in South Asian countries were thought to be vitamin D sufficient because of plentiful sunshine, but vitamin D insufficiency has also been reported in these countries. In a South Asian country like Bangladesh, people living in the rural and urban parts of the country can have considerable differences in their sun exposure, types of clothing worn, and levels of air pollution. This pilot study aimed to explore the vitamin D status (measured by serum 25[OH]D) of healthy urban and rural Bangladeshi people and to examine the association of serum 25(OH)D concentration with calcium and alkaline phosphatase concentrations. A total of 101 apparently healthy adult individuals, aged 20–58 years, were enrolled from both urban and rural areas. The participants were selected from students, staff and patient attendants from the outpatient department (OPD) of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University and Mirsarai Upazila Health Complex, Chittagong. The overall rate of vitamin D insufficiency was 39.6% and of vitamin D deficiency was 51.5%. However, it was observed that the proportion of vitamin D‐deficient participants in urban areas (70.6%) was more than double that of participants living in rural areas (32%) and that serum 25(OH)D concentrations were higher in rural compared to urban participants with similar sunlight exposure times. However, participants aged 50 years or more showed similar concentrations of serum vitamin D levels irrespective of their habitat. This pilot study highlights the need for further larger‐scale studies in Bangladesh to determine the reasons for the high rates of vitamin D inadequacy overall and the differences between rural and urban populations.
Error Traps in Developing a Pediatric Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Program
Authors: Taylor Christian M. , Weisberg Emily L. , Doyle Nichole M. , Glenski Todd A. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTEnhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathways have been shown to improve patient outcomes, increase patient satisfaction, and decrease costs. First created and implemented in the adult population, these pathways are now commonplace and continue to expand in the pediatric realm. While there are many proven benefits to ERAS pathways, there continue to be challenges to their proper implementation and long‐term success. This article aims to explore common challenges in pediatric ERAS development and implementation, along with strategies to avoid potential pitfalls. Key themes include departmental and institutional support, stakeholder engagement, awareness of pathways, data management and dissemination, and long‐term maintenance including Plan‐Do‐Study‐Act (PDSA) cycles. Pathway development teams should be aware of these considerations and potential pitfalls, and focusing on them can promote long‐term success for a well‐designed pathway.
Language and democracy in Senegal
Authors: Seck Mamarame 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDemocracy is a Western concept often used to describe certain political regimes around the world, as well as a certain form of governance. In Senegal, this concept of Greek origin is one of the most widely used, even if some Senegalese do not have a clear understanding of it. For some, it means the freedom to give one's opinion without running the risk of being arrested. For others, it's about having institutions that guarantee the rights of all citizens. The paradox, however, is that politicians seek the votes of Senegalese voters in a language they understand but run the country in a language they do not. In this article, we seek to show the dichotomy between the language of the quest for power and the language of the exercise of that power. More broadly, the study addresses the role of Senegalese national languages in the exercise of democracy in the country. This study contributes to the debate on language and democracy in Africa, particularly in Senegal.
Acute normovolemic haemodilution to reduce allogeneic red blood cell transfusion in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. An observational study
Authors: Maheshwari Poonam , Yousuf Muhammad Saad , Zahid Muhammad Arslan , Naqvi Hamid Iqil , Fatimi Saulat , Samad Khalid 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivePatients undergoing cardiac surgery consume more than 50% of blood transfusions, and such transfusions have been associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Evidence in blood‐saving techniques has increased the use of acute normovolemic haemodilution (ANH) in high‐risk settings. The aim was to determine the incidence of allogeneic red blood cell transfusion perioperatively in acute normovolemic haemodilution (ANH) patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).Materials and MethodsThis prospective observational cohort study was conducted in the Cardiac OR and ICU over 6 months, involving elective CABG patients aged 35–70 with ASA status III and IV. Haemoglobin and haematocrit levels were assessed preoperatively, intraoperatively and 24 h postoperatively.ResultsIn a cohort of 50 ANH patients, 44% (22/50) required allogeneic blood transfusion perioperatively, with 24% (12/50) intraoperatively, 14% (7/50) in the ICU and 6% (3/50) both intraoperatively and postoperatively. Lower intraoperative haemoglobin levels during CPB were significantly associated with increased transfusion odds in both univariable (OR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.10–0.49, p = 0.001) and multivariable analyses (Adj. OR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.09–0.62, p = 0.003), and prolonged surgical duration was a significant predictor in multivariable analysis (Adj. OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.01–4.73, p = 0.044). Additionally, prolonged wound healing was significantly more frequent in the patients requiring allogeneic blood transfusions (p = 0.044) highlighting potential postoperative complications.ConclusionOur study highlights the varying RBC transfusion rates in CABG patients, with lower intraoperative haemoglobin levels and prolonged surgical duration significantly increasing transfusion needs. These findings emphasise the importance of optimising intraoperative management to minimise transfusions and improve patient outcomes.
bHLH19 and bHLH20 repress jasmonate‐mediated plant defense against insect herbivores in Arabidopsis
Authors: Pang Shihai , Zhai Jiaqi , Song Junqiao , Rong Deqing , Hong Yihan , Qiu Yue , Ma Jingzhi , Qi Tiancong , Huang Huang , Song Susheng 
Published: November 2024

SUMMARYPlants are attacked by various insect herbivores. Upon attack‐triggered biosynthesis of the phytohormone jasmonates (JAs), the JA receptor CORONATINE INSENSITIVE 1 recruits the JA‐ZIM domain (JAZ) repressors for ubiquitination, releases the MYC‐MYB transcription factor (TF) complexes, and enhances glucosinolates (GSs) biosynthesis to promote defense against insects in Arabidopsis. However, the negative regulation of JA‐regulated defense remains largely unclear. Here, we found that Arabidopsis IVa bHLH TFs bHLH19 and bHLH20 interacted with JAZs. The bhlh19/20 mutations enhanced defense against the insects Spodoptera frugiperda and S. exigua, while their overexpression inhibited defense. bHLH19/20 repressed defense via at least two layers of regulation: first, bHLH19/20 interacted with the members MYC2/3/4/5 and MYB34/51/122 of MYC‐MYB complexes, and inhibited the interaction/transcription activity of MYC2‐MYB34; second, bHLH19/20 activated the RNA level of nitrile‐specifier protein 1, which converts GSs into the less toxic nitriles. bhlh19/20 exhibited no penalty in JA‐regulated growth inhibition. Collectively, our findings reveal the molecular mechanism for negatively regulating JA‐mediated defense against insects in Arabidopsis without growth penalty by the pair of bHLH19/20 TFs.
Relationships Among Capillary Refill Time, Peripheral Blood Flow Rate, and Fingertip Temperature: Advances in Peripheral Artery Contractility Diagnosis
Authors: Shibata Sorataro , Ujihara Yoshihiro , Nakamura Masanori , Sugita Shukei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Capillary refill time (CRT) is a widely used noninvasive measure of cardiovascular health. Despite its widespread diagnostic utility, it has several limitations, particularly its low sensitivity for certain conditions, because factors such as the contraction and relaxation of distal blood vessels can influence CRT readings. This study was performed to explore the relationships between CRT and distal blood flow. The right hand of each of ten healthy adult volunteers was cooled to induce blood vessel contraction. CRT, fingertip temperature, and blood flowrate were measured using a custom device, a thermometer, and a laser Doppler blood flowmeter, respectively, before and after cooling. Hand cooling significantly decreased blood flowrate and increased CRT. A robust inverse correlation was observed between blood flowrate and CRT, supporting a model where CRT is the time required for blood to flow through a cylindrical pipe. Furthermore, CRT showed a significant negative correlation with fingertip temperature. Most participants had high correlation coefficients, although two showed lower values. However, all data points exhibited a linear relationship, with the slopes of the regression lines between CRT and temperature varying among participants. These results suggested that the slope between CRT and fingertip temperature indicates individual differences in arterial contractility. These findings could improve the diagnostic utility of CRT in assessing vascular health, including arterial age and Raynaud's phenomenon, based on the contractility of peripheral arteries.
Experimental and Numerical Study on NOx Emissions Characteristics in a Coaxial Staged Combustor
Authors: Sun Jihao , Zhao Ningbo , Li Yajun , Cheng Xu , Zheng Hongtao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A deep understanding of NOx formation characteristics and correlations can significantly enhance the operational adjustment efficiency of gas turbine combustors. To reduce pollutants emissions, this study proposed a coaxial staged combustion technology, experimental and numerical work was further conducted to investigate the impact of fuel stage ratio on NOx formation in an industrial gas turbine combustor operating at different loads. The dome equivalence ratio was ranging from 0.455 to 0.635, the fuel stage ratio was ranging from 0.27 to 3.23. Experimental results show that NOx emissions can be controlled within 25 ppm at 15% O2 with the combustor outlet temperature up to 1673 K. There exists an optimal fuel stage ratio that leads to the lowest NOx emissions. Moreover, as the dome equivalence ratio increases, the optimal fuel stage ratio decreases. Numerical results indicate that NOx generation through the prompt mechanism is negligible. At low-power conditions, NOx is primarily generated at the flame front through the N2O intermediate pathway. In contrast, at high-power conditions, NOx is mainly produced in the burnout and recirculation zones through the thermal pathway. Thermal NOx is highly sensitive to fuel stage ratios, unlike the relatively stable NOx production via the N2O intermediate mechanism. Based on the experimental data, it was found that the inner stage flame temperature has a more significant impact on NOx emissions. Furthermore, a new NOx emissions prediction model within an error of 20% that considers the impact of two-stage swirl flames was proposed.
Quasi-Steady Water Droplet Heat- and Mass-Transfer With Ventilation, Blowing, and Radiation
Authors: Brewster M. Q. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A quasi-explicit analytical model of quasi-steady (QS) water droplet heat- and mass-transfer, including radiation, in a prescribed gaseous environment with velocity slip, i.e., gas flow around the droplet, and high mass-transfer-rate blowing effects has been developed. The model is an extension of an atmospheric science model used for cloud and fog droplets in dilute and near-saturation conditions with negligible velocity slip (ventilation flow) and blowing. The new model includes the effects of ventilation flow, blowing, and change in relative humidity or supersaturation across the diffusion layer surrounding the droplet. Comparisons show significant improvement in accuracy over the conventional model, particularly for conditions of low relative humidity, low pressure, and high radiative flux.
Military spouse and key stakeholder perspectives of effective messaging for US service members on secure storage of personal firearms: a qualitative study
Authors: Baker Justin C , Anestis Michael D , Meza Kayla A , Moceri-Brooks Jayna , Bletz Alex , Friedman Kaitlyn , Ho Rodney A , Bryan AnnaBelle O , Bryan Craig J , Betz Marian E 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundSecure firearm storage is a proposed method for reducing intentional and unintentional firearm injury and death among US military service members. However, little is known about suggested key messengers and optimal message content to promote secure firearm storage practices among at-risk US service members. This qualitative study focused on military spouse and stakeholder perspectives concerning key messengers and message content for the delivery of effective messaging around promoting secure firearm storage practices among US service members.MethodsMilitary spouses and stakeholders of military support organisations were recruited at various military installations in the USA and completed either individual or group qualitative interviews via Zoom consisting of open-ended questions on perspectives of effective messaging for secure firearm storage for at-risk service members. Qualitative analysis included comprehensive memoing, regularly scheduled team meetings and triangulation of data with established literature.Results56 participants were interviewed between August 2022 and March 2023. Participants identified key messengers for promoting secure firearm storage as peers, chaplains, clinicians or a combination. Perspectives on preferred message content for the promotion of secure firearm storage consisted of focusing on lived experience, personal anecdotes and relatable stories.Discussion and conclusionsExtant research has focused exclusively on firearm owners’ perspectives of effective messaging for the promotion of secure firearm storage practices. This study highlights the important contributions of military spouses and stakeholder perspectives on who are credible messengers and what is the most effective message content to promote a perspective shift on how firearms are stored among military firearm owners.
State firearm legislation and initiation of gun carrying in the USA
Authors: Dong Beidi , Wilson David B 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveEarly onset of gun carrying correlates with a heightened risk of violent offences and injuries. This research estimates the association between state firearm legislation and first-time handgun carrying in the USA. It further identifies specific policy measures that could be most effective in discouraging the onset of risky gun-carrying activities.MethodsThe study sample included 6194 youth (51% male, 49% female; 48% white, 27% black, 24% Hispanic and 1% other race and ethnicity) drawn from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, with an average age of 14.3 at the first round of data collection. Participants self-reported when they first carried a handgun. Discrete-time survival analysis was used to model the likelihood of gun-carrying initiation over time, using an overarching state gun law environment score as well as proportionate scores for individual policy subcategories as primary predictors. Analyses were completed in 2024.ResultsApproximately 30% of the study sample had initiated handgun carrying by the end of the study period. Individuals in states with a greater number of gun laws were less prone to begin carrying handguns. This association was notably stronger for males and white individuals. Laws that extend the firearm acquisition process and increase purchaser accountability were associated with a greater reduction in the initiation rates than other types of policy measures.ConclusionsState firearm legislation has the potential to deter the commencement of risky gun-carrying behaviour. It is recommended that states consider implementing, publicising and enforcing these laws to reduce gun-related mortality and morbidity.
Standardising the measurement of e-cigarette tax rates in the USA (2nd edition), 2010–2023
Authors: Cotti Chad , Nesson Erik , Pesko Michael F , Phillips Serena 
Published: November 2024

Introduction30 states enacted e-cigarette taxes by the end of 2023. E-cigarette tax schema in the USA vary, in contrast to cigarette taxes that are standardised as an excise tax amount per pack. Some states use excise taxes on liquid and containers, others wholesale sales taxes and others retail sales taxes. Increasingly, states are taxing open system and closed system products differently. It is therefore difficult to understand the relative magnitudes of these e-cigarette taxes and their size relative to cigarette taxes.ObjectiveTo update and publish a database of state and local quarterly e-cigarette tax rates from 2010 to 2023, standardised as the rate per millilitre of fluid, for both closed system and open system products.MethodsUsing Universal Product Code-level e-cigarette sales from the NielsenIQ Retail Scanner Data along with e-cigarette product characteristics collected from internet searches and visits to e-cigarette retailers, we develop a method to standardise e-cigarette tax rates as an equivalent average excise tax rate measured per millilitre of fluid.ResultsIn 2023, the average American resided in a location with $3.21 in cigarette taxes and $0.49 in closed system e-cigarette taxes (per 0.7 fluid millilitre). Among the 10 states using segmented taxation for closed and open systems, the average open system e-cigarette tax was 85% lower.ConclusionsThe public availability of this updated database of state and local standardised e-cigarette tax rates will improve and expand research on effects of e-cigarette taxes on tobacco and related outcomes.
The principle of concentration compactness in 𝒟1,p
Authors: Guo Xinxin , Zhong Yansheng 
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we consider the concentration-compactness principle in [Formula: see text], which is applied to treat the problems associated with the determination of extremal functions in functional inequalities. A more precise equality of [Formula: see text] is obtained under the conditions, that, [Formula: see text] (as stated in Theorem 3.1). It is an improvement of the limit inequality “[Formula: see text]” originally proposed by [P. L. Lions, The concentration-compactness principle in the calculus of variations. The limit case, part 1, Rev. Mat. Iberoam. 1(1) (1985) 145–201] and [D. Smets, A concentration-compactness lemma with applications to singular eigenvalue problems, J. Funct. Anal. 167(2) (1999) 463–480]. Moreover, we establish that the additional term [Formula: see text] may only possess the “oscillation”, excluding the “concentration” and “translation to infinity”. Consequently, due to Brézis–Lieb Lemma, we reach [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text] belongs to some regular space (e.g. [Formula: see text]). This follows the solvability of the minimization problem (2.2).
Note on 𝒩=8 supersymmetric mechanics with dynamical and semi-dynamical multiplets
Authors: Khastyan Erik , Krivonos Sergey , Nersessian Armen 
Published: November 2024

We give a Hamiltonian formulation of the new model of [Formula: see text] supersymmetric mechanics recently proposed by S. Fedoruk and E. Ivanov 1 and show that it possesses the dynamical [Formula: see text] superconformal symmetry [Formula: see text]. The bosonic part of the Hamiltonian is just a free particle on eight-dimensional cone embedded in nine-dimensional pseudo-Euclidean space, while the fermionic part can be interpreted as a spin–orbit interaction term.