bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
E-cigarette adverts and children’s perceptions of tobacco smoking harms: an experimental study and meta-analysis
Authors: Vasiljevic Milica , St John Wallis Amelia , Codling Saphsa , Couturier Dominique-Laurent , Sutton Stephen , Marteau Theresa M 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesChildren exposed to electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) adverts may perceive occasional tobacco smoking as less harmful than children not exposed to e-cigarette adverts. Given the potential cross-cueing effects of e-cigarette adverts on tobacco smoking, there is an urgent need to establish whether the effect found in prior research is robust and replicable using a larger sample and a stronger control condition.DesignA between-subjects experiment with one independent factor of two levels corresponding to the advertisements to which participants were exposed: glamorous adverts for e-cigarettes, or adverts for objects unrelated to smoking or vaping.ParticipantsEnglish school children aged 11–16 (n=1449).OutcomesPerceived harm of occasional smoking of one or two tobacco cigarettes was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included: perceived harm of regular tobacco smoking, susceptibility to tobacco smoking and perceived prevalence of tobacco smoking in young people. Perceptions of using e-cigarettes were gauged by adapting all the outcome measures used to assess perceptions of tobacco smoking.ResultsTobacco smokers and e-cigarette users were excluded from analyses (final sample n=1057). Children exposed to glamorous e-cigarette adverts perceived the harms of occasional smoking of one or two tobacco cigarettes to be lower than those in the control group (Z=−2.13, p=0.033). An updated meta-analysis comprising three studies with 1935 children confirmed that exposure to different types of e-cigarette adverts (glamorous, healthful, flavoured, non-flavoured) lowers the perceived harm of occasional smoking of one or two tobacco cigarettes (Z=3.21, p=0.001).ConclusionsThis study adds to existing evidence that exposure to e-cigarette adverts reduces children’s perceptions of the harm of occasional tobacco smoking.
How to measure cultural competence when evaluating patient-centred care: a scoping review
Authors: Ahmed Sadia , Siad Fartoon M , Manalili Kimberly , Lorenzetti Diane L , Barbosa Tiffany , Lantion Vic , Lu Mingshan , Quan Hude , Santana Maria-Jose 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to identify patient-centred quality indicators (PC-QI) and measures for measuring cultural competence in healthcare.DesignScoping review.SettingAll care settings.Search strategyA search of CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Social Work Abstracts and SocINDEX, and the grey literature was conducted to identify relevant studies. Studies were included if they reported indicators or measures for cultural competence. We differentiated PC-QIs from measures: PC-QIs were identified asa unit of measurement of the performance of the healthcare system, which reflects what matters to patients and families, and to any individual that is in contact with healthcare services.In contrast, measures evaluate delivery of patient-centred care, in the form of a survey and/or checklist. Data collected included publication year and type, country, ethnocultural groups and mention of quality indicator and/or measures for cultural competence.ResultsThe search yielded a total of 786 abstracts and sources, of which 16 were included in the review. Twelve out of 16 sources reported measures for cultural competence, for a total of 10 measures. Identified domains from the measures included: physical environment, staff awareness of attitudes and values, diversity training and communication. Two out of 16 sources reported PC-QIs for cultural competence (92 structure and process indicators, and 48 outcome indicators). There was greater representation of structure and process indicators and measures for cultural competence, compared with outcome indicators.ConclusionMonitoring and evaluating patient-centred care for ethnocultural communities allows for improvements to be made in the delivery of culturally competent healthcare. Future research should include development of PC-QIs for measuring cultural competence that also reflect cultural humility, and the involvement of ethnocultural communities in the development and implementation of these indicators.
Qualitative study of barriers to clinical trial retention in adults with recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes
Authors: Henshall Catherine , Narendran Parth , Andrews Robert C , Daley Amanda , Stokes Keith A , Kennedy Amy , Greenfield Sheila 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesRegular physical exercise may preserve β cell function in newly diagnosed adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, clinical trials to test this theory require the recruitment and retention of adults with new-onset T1D, which can be challenging. We sought to determine the overall experiences of newly diagnosed adults with T1D in an exercise study, to understand issues that influence the retention of trial participants in such studies.DesignQualitative methodology using individual face-to-face (n=6) and telephone interviews (n=14). Interview transcripts were thematically analysed using the framework method.SettingThe study took place at five participating UK hospitals.ParticipantsTwenty participants, aged 19–55 years, in the Exercise for Type 1 Diabetes study were interviewed to explore their study experiences and identify motivators and deterrents towards the study. Participants in control and intervention arms were interviewed, as were people with T1D who had completed (n=16) and withdrawn (n=4).ResultsParticipants revealed barriers and facilitators to retention; the majority were generalisable to clinical trials of people with newly diagnosed T1D. Coming to terms with a diagnosis of T1D, lack of time, work pressures, level of health professional support, volume, clarity and consistency of information and feedback and a desire for knowledge about their condition were all cited as influencing factors to trial retention.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first qualitative study to examine the experience of being involved in an exercise trial by people with T1D. Findings suggest appointments could be shorter, available outside of working hours and planned longer in advance; study information should be clear, consistent and in electronic and paper formats; questionnaires need minimising; healthcare support and feedback needs providing regularly; thought is required around how to support non-exercising arm participants. These considerations may improve participant retention rates in new-onset T1D studies.
Safety and maintenance of response for tofacitinib monotherapy and combination therapy in rheumatoid arthritis: an analysis of pooled data from open-label long-term extension studies
Authors: Fleischmann Roy , Wollenhaupt Jürgen , Takiya Liza , Maniccia Anna , Kwok Kenneth , Wang Lisy , van Vollenhoven Ronald F 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveTofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. This post hoc analysis evaluated patients receiving tofacitinib monotherapy or combination therapy, as well as those who switched from monotherapy to combination therapy (mono→combo) or vice versa (combo→mono) in long-term extension (LTE) studies.MethodsData were pooled from open-label LTE studies (ORAL Sequel (NCT00413699; ongoing; data collected 14 January 2016) andNCT00661661) involving patients who participated in qualifying index studies. Efficacy outcomes included American College of Rheumatology 20/50/70 rates, change from baseline in Disease Activity Score in 28 joints, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-4(ESR)), Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) and Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index and DAS28-4(ESR) and CDAI low disease activity and remission. Safety was evaluated over 96 months.ResultsOf the 4967 patients treated, 35.4% initiated tofacitinib monotherapy, 64.6% initiated combination therapy, 2.6% were mono→combo switchers and 7.1% were combo→mono switchers. Patients who switched multiple times were excluded. Of those who initiated monotherapy and combination therapy, 87.8% (1543/1757) and 82.0% (2631/3210), respectively, remained on the same regimen throughout the study; efficacy was maintained. Incidence rates (IRs) for serious adverse events with tofacitinib 5 mg and 10 mg twice daily, respectively, were 9.42 and 8.41 with monotherapy and 8.36 and 10.75 with combination therapy; IRs for discontinuations due to AEs were 7.13 and 6.06 with monotherapy and 7.82 and 8.06 with combination therapy (overlapping CIs). For mono→combo and combo→mono switchers, discontinuations due to AEs were experienced by 0.8% and 0.9%, respectively, within 30 days of switching.ConclusionTofacitinib efficacy as monotherapy or combination therapy was maintained through month 48 and sustained to month 72, with minimal switching of treatment regimens. Safety was consistent over 96 months.Clinical trial registrationNCT00413699(Pre-results) andNCT00661661(Results).
Phyllanthusmin Derivatives Induce Apoptosis and Reduce Tumor Burden in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer by Late-Stage Autophagy Inhibition
Authors: Young Alexandria N. , Herrera Denisse , Huntsman Andrew C. , Korkmaz Melissa A. , Lantvit Daniel D. , Mazumder Sarmistha , Kolli Shamalatha , Coss Christopher C. , King Salane , Wang Hongyan , Swanson Steven M. , Kinghorn A. Douglas , Zhang Xiaoli , Phelps Mitch A. , Aldrich Leslie N. , Fuchs James R. , Burdette Joanna E. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is a lethal gynecological malignancy with a need for new therapeutics. Many of the most widely used chemotherapeutic drugs are derived from natural products or their semi-synthetic derivatives. We have developed potent synthetic analogues of a class of compounds known as phyllanthusmins, inspired by natural products isolated from Phyllanthus poilanei Beille. The most potent analogue, PHY34, had the highest potency in HGSOC cell lines in vitro and displayed cytotoxic activity through activation of apoptosis. PHY34 exerts its cytotoxic effects by inhibiting autophagy at a late stage in the pathway, involving the disruption of lysosomal function. The autophagy activator, rapamycin, combined with PHY34 eliminated apoptosis, suggesting that autophagy inhibition may be required for apoptosis. PHY34 was readily bioavailable through intraperitoneal administration in vivo where it significantly inhibited the growth of cancer cell lines in hollow fibers, as well as reduced tumor burden in a xenograft model. We demonstrate that PHY34 acts as a late-stage autophagy inhibitor with nanomolar potency and significant antitumor efficacy as a single agent against HGSOC in vivo. This class of compounds holds promise as a potential, novel chemotherapeutic and demonstrates the effectiveness of targeting the autophagic pathway as a viable strategy for combating ovarian cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(10); 2123–35. ©2018 AACR.
Dual PD-1 and CTLA-4 Checkpoint Blockade Promotes Antitumor Immune Responses through CD4+Foxp3− Cell–Mediated Modulation of CD103+ Dendritic Cells
Authors: Beavis Paul A. , Henderson Melissa A. , Giuffrida Lauren , Davenport Alexander J. , Petley Emma V. , House Imran G. , Lai Junyun , Sek Kevin , Milenkovski Nicole , John Liza B. , Mardiana Sherly , Slaney Clare Y. , Trapani Joseph A. , Loi Sherene , Kershaw Michael H. , Haynes Nicole M. , Darcy Phillip K. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Immunotherapy is widely accepted as a powerful new treatment modality for the treatment of cancer. The most successful form of immunotherapy to date has been the blockade of the immune checkpoints PD-1 and CTLA-4. Combining inhibitors of both PD-1 and CTLA-4 increases the proportion of patients who respond to immunotherapy. However, most patients still do not respond to checkpoint inhibitors, and prognostic biomarkers are currently lacking. Therefore, a better understanding of the mechanism by which these checkpoint inhibitors enhance antitumor immune responses is required to more accurately predict which patients are likely to respond and further enhance this treatment modality. Our current study of two mouse tumor models revealed that CD4+Foxp3− cells activated by dual PD-1/CTLA-4 blockade modulated the myeloid compartment, including activation of conventional CD103+ dendritic cells (DC) and expansion of a myeloid subset that produces TNFα and iNOS (TIP-DCs). CD4+Foxp3− T cell–mediated activation of CD103+ DCs resulted in enhanced IL12 production by these cells and IL12 enhanced the therapeutic effect of dual PD-1/CTLA-4 blockade. Given the importance of these myeloid subsets in the antitumor immune response, our data point to a previously underappreciated role of CD4+Foxp3− cells in modulating this arm of the antitumor immune response. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(9); 1069–81. ©2018 AACR.
МЕДИКО-ЕКСПЕРТНІ КРИТЕРІЇ ОБМЕЖЕННЯ ЖИТТЄДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ПРИ НАСЛІДКАХ ПЕРЕНЕСЕНОГО ІНСУЛЬТУ
Authors: Matyash M. M. , Onopriyenko O. P. 
Published: July 2018

Мета: адаптувати Міжнародну класифікацію функціонування, обмеження життєдіяльності та здоров’я (МКФ) для використання при обстеженні хворих із наслідками перенесеного інсульту.Матеріали і методи. У ангіоневрологічному відділенні Броварської центральної лікарні проведено дослідження 110 хворих працездатного віку із наслідками перенесеного інсульту. Всі хворі пройшли стандартне клінічне неврологічне обстеження і тестування за МКФ.Результати. Визначено чинники, розроблено критерії обмеження життєдіяльності у головних сферах життя. Доведено, що адаптація МКФ дозволяє застосовувати її при експертній діагностиці, формулюванні правильного клінічного, функціонального діагнозу, дає можливість оцінити потенціал і ефективність реабілітаційних заходів у хворих із наслідками перенесеного інсульту.Висновки. 1. Застосування МКФ дає змогу об’єктивно оцінити стан хворих, реабілітаційний потенціал і ефективність проведення реабілітаційних заходів у хворих із наслідками перенесеного інсульту.2. Використання розроблених нами критеріїв обмеження життєдіяльності дозволить підвищити якість медико-соціальної експертизи хворих, які перенесли інсульт, а подальші дослідження оптимізувати нові підходи до реабілітації цієї категорії хворих та адаптації в суспільстві.
МОНІТОРИНГ ОСНОВНИХ ЗАСОБІВ ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ У СФЕРІ ОХОРОНИ ЗДОРОВ᾽Я УКРАЇНИ У 2017 р.
Authors: Zakrutko L. I. , Bilan L. G. , Ilnitskaya L. V. , Novgorodskaya L. M. , Myslytskyi O. V. 
Published: July 2018

Мета: провести моніторинг основних засобів інноваційного забезпечення у сфері охорони здоров’я України у 2017 р.Матеріали і методи. Проаналізовано основні засоби інноваційного забезпечення у сфері охорони здоров’я України, розроблені у 2017 р. Застосовано методи експертної оцінки, статистичного, системного, структурно-логічного та кластерного аналізу.Результати. Ретроспективний аналіз основних засобів інноваційного забезпечення у сфері охорони здоров’я України у 2017 р. показав, що за даний період найбільше було розроблено методичних рекомендацій та інформаційних листів установами МОЗ України – 83,74 % та 80,95 % відповідно. Установи-розробники найбільшу увагу приділяли проблемам «Фармакологія. Фармація. Клінічна фармакологія і клінічна фармація. Організація і управління фармацією» та «Стоматологія». За вказаний період науковцями було запропоновано найменшу кількість як методичних рекомендацій, так й інформаційних листів за медичними напрямами «Медична генетика», «Судова медицина» та «Урологія».Висновки. Для підвищення рівня здоров᾽я населення та покращення якості його медичного обслуговування необхідно розробляти більше засобів наукової комунікації з подальшим їх впровадженням у практичну діяльність закладів охорони здоров᾽я.
ДЕЯКІ ПИТАННЯ НАДЗВИЧАЙНИХ СИТУАЦІЙ ТЕХНОГЕННОГО ТА ПРИРОДНОГО ХАРАКТЕРУ В УКРАЇНІ (ОГЛЯД ЛІТЕРАТУРИ)
Authors: Pazynych L. M. , Sytenko O. R. , Smirnova T. M. 
Published: July 2018

Мета: висвітлити деякі питання надзвичайних ситуацій техногенного та природного характеру на основі вивчення літературних джерел.Матеріали і методи. Застосовано бібліосемантичний та аналітичний методи.Результати. Значне антропогенне і техногенне навантаження території України, зростання ризиків виникнення надзвичайних ситуацій техногенного та природного характеру, загострення стану гідротехнічних споруд, з одного боку, та відсутність загальноприйнятих поглядів щодо цільових, функціональних, організаційних та інших складових механізмів державного управління у галузі медичного захисту за умов надзвичайних ситуацій техногенного та природного характеру, а саме подолання медико-санітарних наслідків надзвичайних ситуацій, збереження життя і здоров’я людей – з іншого зумовлює необхідність науково-теоретичного обґрунтування й розробки Програми їх подолання та попередження.Висновки. Забезпечення сталого соціально-економічного розвитку України має супроводжуватися формуванням безпечного для суспільства і кожної людини стану життєвого довкілля, забезпеченням сучасної системи безпеки, яка би ґрунтувалася на принципах міжнародного права, та координувалась Програмою реагування галузі охорони здоров’я на надзвичайні ситуації.
Megakaryocytic Leukemia 1 Bridges Epigenetic Activation of NADPH Oxidase in Macrophages to Cardiac Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Yu Liming , Yang Guang , Zhang Xinjian , Wang Peng , Weng Xinyu , Yang Yuyu , Li Zilong , Fang Mingming , Xu Yong , Sun Aijun , Ge Junbo 
Published: July 2018

Background:
Excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), catalyzed by the NADPH oxidases (NOX), is involved in the pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. The underlying epigenetic mechanism remains elusive.

Methods:
We evaluated the potential role of megakaryocytic leukemia 1 (MKL1), as a bridge linking epigenetic activation of NOX to ROS production and cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Results:
Following IR injury, MKL1-deficient (knockout) mice exhibited smaller myocardial infarction along with improved heart function compared with wild-type littermates. Similarly, pharmaceutical inhibition of MKL1 with CCG-1423 also attenuated myocardial infarction and improved heart function in mice. Amelioration of IR injury as a result of MKL1 deletion or inhibition was accompanied by reduced ROS in vivo and in vitro. In response to IR, MKL1 levels were specifically elevated in macrophages, but not in cardiomyocytes, in the heart. Of note, macrophage-specific deletion (MϕcKO), instead of cardiomyocyte-restricted ablation (CMcKO), of MKL1 in mice led to similar improvements of infarct size, heart function, and myocardial ROS generation. Reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that MKL1 directly bound to the promoters of NOX genes to activate NOX transcription. Mechanistically, MKL1 recruited the histone acetyltransferase MOF (male absent on the first) to modify the chromatin structure surrounding the NOX promoters. Knockdown of MOF in macrophages blocked hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced NOX transactivation and ROS accumulation. Of importance, pharmaceutical inhibition of MOF with MG149 significantly downregulated NOX1/NOX4 expression, dampened ROS production, and normalized myocardial function in mice exposed to IR injury. Finally, administration of a specific NOX1/4 inhibitor GKT137831 dampened ROS generation and rescued heart function after IR in mice.

Conclusions:
Our data delineate an MKL1-MOF-NOX axis in macrophages that contributes to IR injury, and as such we have provided novel therapeutic targets in the treatment of ischemic heart disease.
Improving Delivery of Secondary Prophylaxis for Rheumatic Heart Disease in a High‐Burden Setting: Outcome of a Stepped‐Wedge, Community, Randomized Trial
Authors: Ralph Anna P. , de Dassel Jessica L. , Kirby Adrienne , Read Clancy , Mitchell Alison G. , Maguire Graeme P. , Currie Bart J. , Bailie Ross S. , Johnston Vanessa , Carapetis Jonathan R. 
Published: July 2018

Background
Health system strengthening is needed to improve delivery of secondary prophylaxis against rheumatic heart disease.

Methods and Results

We undertook a stepped‐wedge, randomized trial in northern Australia. Five pairs of Indigenous community clinics entered the study at 3‐month steps. Study phases comprised a 12 month baseline phase, 3 month transition phase, 12 month intensive phase and a 3‐ to 12‐month maintenance phase. Clinics received a multicomponent intervention supporting activities to improve penicillin delivery, aligned with the chronic care model, with continuous quality‐improvement feedback on adherence. The primary outcome was the proportion receiving ≥80% of scheduled penicillin injections. Secondary outcomes included “days at risk” of acute rheumatic fever recurrence related to late penicillin and
acute rheumatic fever
recurrence rates. Overall, 304 patients requiring prophylaxis were eligible. The proportion receiving ≥80% of scheduled injections during baseline was 141 of 304 (46%)—higher than anticipated. No effect attributable to the study was evident: in the intensive phase, 126 of 304 (41%) received ≥80% of scheduled injections (odds ratio compared with baseline: 0.78; 95% confidence interval
,
0.54–1.11). There was modest improvement in the maintenance phase among high‐adhering patients (43% received ≥90% of injections versus 30% [baseline] and 28% [intensive],
P
<0.001). Also, the proportion of days at risk in the whole cohort decreased in the maintenance phase (0.28 versus 0.32 [baseline] and 0.34 [intensive],
P
=0.001). A
cute rheumatic fever
recurrence rates did not differ between study sites during the intensive phase and the whole jurisdiction (3.0 versus 3.5 recurrences per 100 patient‐years,
P
=0.65).

Conclusions

This strategy did not improve adherence to
rheumatic heart disease
secondary prophylaxis within the study time frame. Longer term primary care strengthening strategies are needed.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
www.anzctr.org.au
. Unique identifier:
ACTRN
12613000223730.
Enclosure is Back!
Authors: Warwick Harry 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPeter Linebaugh’sStop, Thief!aims to ‘join the alarm against neoliberalism’ by invoking the bloody history of enclosure. The essays collected in this book range in their focus from Karl Marx’s intellectual formation, to the history of the Luddites, to the privatisation of Mexicanejidos. Linebaugh’s idiosyncratic style, resisting abstraction and high theory, inscribes the nuances of the class struggle into the context of the commons. It effectively makes the case for a renewed focus on enclosure today.
Validation of a Driving Simulator Study on Driver Behavior at Passive Rail Level Crossings
Authors: Larue Grégoire S. , Wullems Christian , Sheldrake Michelle , Rakotonirainy Andry 
Published: July 2018

Objective: The behavioral validation of an advanced driving simulator for its use in evaluating passive level crossing countermeasures was performed for stopping compliance and speed profile. Background: Despite the fact that most research on emerging interventions for improving level crossing safety is conducted in a driving simulator, no study has validated the use of a simulator for this type of research. Method: We monitored driver behavior at a selected passive level crossing in the Brisbane region in Australia for 3 months ( N = 916). The level crossing was then replicated in an advanced driving simulator, and we familiarized participant drivers ( N = 54) with traversing this crossing, characterized by low road and rail traffic. Results: We established relative validity for the stopping compliance and the approach speed. Conclusion: This validation study suggests that driving simulators are an appropriate tool to study the effects of interventions at passive level crossing with low road and rail traffic, which are prone to reduced compliance due to familiarity. Application: This study also provides support for the findings of previous driving simulator studies conducted to evaluate compliance and approach speeds of passive level crossings.