bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of actinomycin D in vivo on murine erythroid stem cells
Authors: Zuckerman KS , Sullivan R , Quesenberry PJ 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Low-dose actinomycin D (Acto) selectively suppresses murine erythropoiesis without decreasing erythropoietin (Ep) production. We used the plasma clot system to determine the stage of erythroid differentiation at which this inhibition occurs. Late erythroid precursors, CFU-E, and less differentiated committed erythroid stem cells, BFU-E, were assayed in CF1 mice given Acto 75–82 microgram/kg/day or saline subcutaneously for 5 days. We also assayed pluripotent (CFU-S) and committed granulocyte-monocyte (CFU-C) stem cells. Reticulocytes and marrow and spleen nucleated erythroid precursors were decreased by 99% in the Acto-treated mice; tibial marrow CFU-E were decreased by 97% and splenic CFU-E by 99%. Tibial BFU- E were not decreased by Acto, although there was a 66% diminution in splenic BFU-E. Acto increased tibial CFU-S, but splenic CFU-S and tibial and splenic CFU-C were unchanged. Thus Acto inhibits erythropoiesis by suppressing the ability of immediate committed erythroid precursors of CFU-E or CFU-E themselves to differentiate further in response to Ep. Acto does not affect survival or proliferation of the less differentiated cells--CFU-C, CFU-S, and marrow BFU-E. The suppression of splenic BFU-E in Acto-treated mice may indicate that marrow and splenic BFU-E are basically different stem cells. Alternatively, Acto treatment may impair migration of BFU-E from marrow to spleen.
Diamond-Blackfan syndrome: evidence against cell-mediated erythropoietic suppression
Authors: Freedman MH , Saunders EF 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The profound anemia of Diamond-Blackfan syndrome (DBS) is due to marrow red cell failure, but the pathogenesis is not understood. Studies by others indicated cell-mediated erythropoietic suppression in this condition. To explore this mechanism further, Ficoll-Hypaque--separated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from four anemic untreated patients with DBS, or from normals were cocultured with control marrow in vitro and the growth of erythropoietin-responsive stem cell colonies (CFU-E) was dermined. CFU-E numbers obtained from cultures with added normal PBL were not significantly different from the number without PBL. Similarly, CFU-E from cultures with added DBS PBL were not significantly different from the number without PBL (215 versus 220, 229 versus 220 and 84 versus 60, 74 versus 94/10(5) cells, respectively). Mixing marrows from a control and one DBS patient in ratios of 2:1, 1:1, or 1:2 prior to culture failed to disclose a decrease of colony growth. We could not show cellular inhibition of erythropoiesis in these patients with DBS. The mechanism of anemia in this disorder remains an open question.
Separation of rabbit marrow precursor cells by combined isopycnic sedimentation and electronic cell sorting
Authors: Scott RB , Grogan WM , Collins JM 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Separation of developing cells into fractions of differing stages of maturity is critical to effective biochemical study of the process of cellular differentiation. Density gradient techniques utilizing rate- zonal or isopycnic separations have permitted partial separations based on cell mass or cell density. In this study the separation of various rabbit marrow cells was improved by high-speed flow analysis and sorting in a Coulter Two-Parameter Cell Sorter. After preliminary isopycnic separation of marrow cells in Ficoll-Hypaque, cells were sorted into lymphoid and myeloid elements, utilizing light-scatter (LS) profiles to determine sorting. Characteristic LS patterns were present for erythrocytes, lymphocytes, devitalized cells, and granulocytes. When erythrocytes and their precursors were removed by hypotonic lysis, the remaining granulocytes could be sorted to give samples with much greater purity with respect to developmental stage than was possible with density gradients alone. Thus the combination of techniques represents a significant improvement in the ability to study the mechanisms of normal or altered cellular maturation.
Monovalent cation composition and ATP and lipid content of irreversibly sickled cells
Authors: Clark MR , Unger RC , Shohet SB 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Discontinuous Stractan gradients were used to separate heterogeneous populations of sickle cells into discrete subpopulations containing varying proportions of reticulocytes, mature discoid cells, and irreversibly sickled cells (ISC). The improved homogeneity of these preparations, together with an enhanced yield of ISC, allowed us to distinguish effects of cell maturation from those of irreversible sickling. With these cell preparations we have begun to define physical properties of ISC. We confirmed the marked abnormalities in cation composition of native ISC. Measurements of ATP in ISC did not substantiate prior reports of ATP deficits. Finally, no evidence for substantial loss of membrane lipids during the process of ISC formation could be demonstrated.
Regulation of proliferation of murine megakaryocyte progenitor cells by cell cycle
Authors: Williams N , Jackson H 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The extent to which mouse megakaryocyte progenitor cells (colony- forming unit-megakaryocyte, CFU-M) can proliferate in semisolid cultures prior to endomitosis, and conditions that may regulate that differentiation step, were investigated. The proliferative capacity of CFU-M was determined by estimating the number of megakaryocytes per colony. A bimodal distribution was observed (modal values, 10–15 and 25- 30 cells/colony), indicating that separate megakaryocyte progenitor cells may be biased in their capacity for proliferation versus endomitosis. Differences were observed in the cell cycle characteristics of CFU-M as determined in vivo and in vitro that suggest that maturation of CFU-M into megakaryocytes may be regulated within the marrow by control of the cell cycle of the megakaryocyte precursor cell.
Red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and oxygen affinity of hemoglobin in patients with thyroid disorders
Authors: Zaroulis CG , Kourides IA , Valeri CR 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We measured red blood cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and the P50 value in vitro of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve, which is the oxygen tension at half saturation of hemoglobin, in order to quantitate red blood cell oxygen transport function in individuals who were diagnosed as hypothyroid, euthyroid, or hyperthyroid based on measurements of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), thyrotropin (TSH), and their clinical status. Hypothyroid (mean T4 2.8 microgram/dl, T3 49 ng/dl, TSH 37 microU/ml) and hyperthyroid (mean T4 14 microgram/dl, T3 271 ng/dl, TSH less than 0.7 microU/ml) patients had normal red cell 2,3-DPG and ATP levels and normal P50 values in vitro. The known changes in oxygen consumption produced by alterations in thyroid hormone levels in patients with hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism did not affect red blood cell oxygen transport function.
Surface glycoproteins of human white blood cells. Analysis by surface labeling
Authors: Andersson LC , Gahmberg CG 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We labeled surface glycoproteins of normal human blood platelets, granulocytes, monocytes, T and B lymphocytes, and null cells by the galactose oxidase-NaB3H4 and periodate-NaB3H4 labeling techniques. The labeled glycoproteins were observed by fluorography after separation by polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis. All major types of human leukocytes showed different and characteristic surface glycoprotein patterns. These patterns evidently also include common components.
Pokeweed mitogen-induced B cell differentiation in idiopathic aplastic anemia associated with hypogammaglobulinemia
Authors: Uchiyama T , Nagai K , Yamagishi M , Takatsuki K , Uchino H 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 14 patients with idiopathic aplastic anemia were examined to determine their capacity to differentiate into immunoglobulin (lg) producing cells in the presence of pokeweed mitogen (PWM). Four patients had hypogammaglobulinemia. Lymphocytes from ten patients without and one with hypogammaglobulinemia were capable of differentiating into lg-producing cells. Lymphocytes from three patients with hypogammaglobulinemia, however, were unable to differentiate. Coculture experiments showed that in one patient helper activity of T cells was impaired, in another patient B cells could not be stimulated by PWM to differentiate even in the presence of normal T cells, and in a third patient both the helper function of T cells and the capacity of B cells to differentiate into lg-producing cells were affected. These results suggest that differentiation of lymphoid cells is impaired in some cases of idiopathic aplastic anemia associated with hypogammaglobulinemia.
Monocyte-mediated inhibition of lymphocyte blastogenesis in Hodgkin disease
Authors: Schechter GP , Soehnlen F 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Mononuclear leukocytes isloated from the blood of previously treated patients with advanced active Hodgkin disease contained high concentrations of monocytes and showed poor lymphocyte blastogenesis to mitogens. In five of eight patients with disseminated disease, blastogenesis became normal or improved markedly when the leukocyte suspensions were depleted of monocytes before culture. Addition of autologous macrophages to the monocyte-depleted lymphocytes resulted in a reappearance of the inhibition of blastogenesis. Monocyte inhibition was associated with the presence of active disease, lymphocytopenia, and low lymphocyte/monocyte ratios in the peripheral blood. The role of previous treatment is uncertain, since inhibition tended to disappear when the patients were retreated. Inhibitory monocyte-lymphocyte interactions may be one of the causes of impaired cell-mediated immunity in Hodgkin disease.
Platelet storage at 22 degrees C: effect of type of agitation on morphology, viability, and function in vitro
Authors: Holme S , Vaidja K , Murphy S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Recovery in vivo after 51Cr labeling, platelet morphology, and platelet aggregation were studied with platelet concentrates (PC) stored for transfusion under carefully controlled conditions. PC were prepared to a final volume of 50 ml from whole blood anticoagulated with citrate- phosphate-dextrose (CPD). The platelet count was kept between 0.8 and 1.6 X 10(12) platelets/liter. The PC were stored in bags constructed of polyvinylchloride (PVC) or polyethylene (PE) at 22 degrees C for 72 hr. The bags were placed on a horizontal shaker or a ferris wheel for agitation during storage. No significant changes in pH or platelet count were observed during storage. PC stored on the wheel showed moderate loss of viability and a marked deterioration of platelet morphology and aggregation compared to the shaker. PC stored on the shaker in bags made of PE showed better aggregation with ADP and thrombin but had the same viability and morphology as PC in bags constructed of PVC. Maintenance of normal platelet morphology as determined by phase-contrast microscopy, extent of shape change response, and the size distribution according to the Coulter Counter correlated with recovery in vivo.
Nonreversible loss of platelet aggregability induced by calcium deprivation
Authors: Zucker MB , Grant RA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Platelets lose their ability to aggregate when deprived of divalent cations. This usually was studied by incubating human citrated platelet- rich plasma with EDTA or EGTA and then adding enough CaCl2 to combine with the chelating agent. Incubation for 5–7 min at 37 degrees C caused irreversible loss of the platelets' ability to adhere to glass and to aggregate with ADP, epinephrine, A23187, vasopressin, or serotonin or upon rewarming after chilling and markedly reduced aggregation with collagen or thrombin. Control samples incubated with saline, CaEDTA, or CaEGTA were not inhibited. Untreated platelets washed and incubated in solutions treated with resins that remove divalent cations lost their ability to aggregate in 30 min. More than about 0.26 mM Mg2+ partially protected the platelets. Unlike aggregation, ADP-induced shape change, clot retraction caused by thrombin or ADP plus reptilase, and thrombin- induced 14C-serotonin release were not inhibited after incubation. Aggregability was not restored by prolonged incubation with CaCl2, adding normal plasma, or washing the platelets. Its loss was temperature and pH dependent, occurring in 2 min at 43 degrees C but not in 7 min at 30 degrees C, and at pH 7.8 but much less at pH 7.2. The defect was not associated with an increase in platelet cyclic AMP, a decrease in metabolic ATP, or the presence of free ADP.
Effect of acute alcohol intoxication on granulocyte mobilization and kinetics
Authors: Gluckman SJ , MacGregor RR 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Granulocyte mobilization into skin abrasions in human volunteers was significantly inhibited by acute alcohol intoxication (45,-800 cells in 8 hr versus 353,000 in normal controls). Alcohol applied locally did not inhibit granulocyte delivery, and protection of the abrasion against heat loss did not reduce the inhibited delivery in intoxicated volunteers. Intoxication inhibited granulocyte adherence and local mobilization in parallel. Alcohol administration to rabbits shifted granulocytes from marginal to circulating pool in a manner similar to epinephrine. Mobilization of bone marrow granulocytes by glucocorticoid or endotoxin administration was not inhibited by intoxication, nor did it prevent the endotoxin-induced shift of granulocytes from circulating to marginal pool.
Fragmentation and myelin formation in hereditary xerocytosis and other hemolytic anemias
Authors: Snyder LM , Lutz HU , Sauberman N , Jacobs J , Fortier NL 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Erythrocytes from a heterogeneous group of hemolytic anemias have been found to release acetylcholinesterase-enriched fragments and show myelin forms during ATP depletion in vitro. The highest amount of fragmentation was found in hereditary spherocytosis and xerocytosis, two inherited membrane defects. Our data suggest ATP depletion plays a role in producing fragmentation or myelin forms. The addition of external CaCl2 1 mM had no effect on the degree of fragmentation. However, propranolol hydrochloride, a cationic anesthetic that does not prevent ATP depletion, inhibited fragmentation and the appearance of myelin forms in both hereditary spherocytes and xerocytes. A more detailed study of the xerocyte fragments showed that they had the same protein composition as those from normal red cells, primarily integral membrane proteins and glycoproteins. The red cells from patients with PNH and G6PD deficiency had the shortest survival in vivo (51Cr) and produced the smallest amount of fragmentation and myelin forms in vitro, whereas xerocytosis with only mild to moderate hemolysis in vivo was associated with the highest amount of myelin forms and membrane fragments in vitro.
Purification and some properties of colony-stimulating factor from normal human urine
Authors: Motoyoshi K , Takaku F , Mizoguchi H , Miura Y 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A colony-stimulating factor (CSF) that stimulated human and mouse bone marrow cells to proliferate in vitro and form pure granuloid colonies was purified about 4000-fold from normal human urine. Purification procedures included concentration with polyethyleneglycol, ammonium sulfate precipitation, two chromatographic separations on DEAE- cellulose columns, gel filtration, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the purified factor was estimated to be about 85,000 daltons by gel filtration, and the specific activity was found to be 10(6) or 6.7 X 10(5) colonies/mg protein using mouse or human bone marrow cells, respectively. A urinary colony-inhibiting factor was separated from the CSF on the first DEAE- cellulose column. This inhibitor suppressed the formation of pure granuloid colonies of human and mouse bone marrow cells when employed in conjunction with the purified urinary CSF.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia followed by chronic myelocytic leukemia
Authors: Tosato G , Whang-Peng J , Levine AS , Poplack DG 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Second hematologic malignancies occur rarely in patients previously treated for leukemia. This report describes a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who remained in complete remission for 5 yr and then developed chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML). The original lymphoblasts were associated with a partial deletion of chromosome 21, while CML was associated with a classic Philadelphia marker, indicating the independent origin of the two leukemias.
Variable globin chain synthesis in mouse erythroleukemia cells
Authors: Alter BP , Goff SC 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Various mouse erythroleukemia cell lines show unique responses to chemical inducers. Lines 745 and 707, from DBA/2 mice, produced 25%-- 48% beta-minor and 78%--52% beta-major globin following culture with DMSO. Butyric acid treatment led to approximately 40% beta-minor globin, while induction with hemin resulted in over 80% beta-minor synthesis. Line FSD was developed independently. DMSO induction led to less than 10% beta-minor globin, while hemin and butyric acid both resulted in approximately 40% beta-minor synthesis. T3C12 and 5000 originated in DDD mice. With these lines all inducers led to only beta- major and no beta-minor synthesis. The inducers did not influence protein stability or initiation of globin synthesis. Translation of poly A-containing cytoplasmic RNA in a wheat germ cell-free system led to proportions of beta-minor that were the same as those seen in the intact cells. Thus regulation of the type of globin chain produced in erythroleukemia cells following culture with several inducing agents occurs at either the level of gene transcription or posttranslational processing, or by growth of a selected cell population.
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
Authors: Borgers M , Verhaegen H , De Brabander M , De Cree J , De Cock W , Thone F , Geuens G 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), the enzyme schematically next to adenosine deaminase in the purine salvage pathway, has been demonstrated cytochemically in peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy subjects and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients. The enzyme activity is confined to the cytosol. In healthy subjects the majority of lymphocytes are strongly reactive for PNP, whereas the rest are devoid of cytochemically demonstrable activity. The percentage of PNP- positive cells largely corresponds to the number of E rosette-forming cells and is inversely proportional to the number of Ig-bearing cells. In six of seven CLL patients studied only a minor percentage of the lymphocytes showed strong PNP activity, whereas the large majority (88%- -98%) possessed trace activity. Such patients have a high number of Ig- bearing cells and a low number of E rosette-forming cells. A different pattern of markers was found in the lymphocytes of the seventh CLL patient: 66% were strongly reactive for PNP, an important number formed E rosettes, and a minor percentage were Ig bearing. These data indicate that PNP can be useful as a “nonmembrane” marker in the differentiation of the B and T cell origin in CLL and deserves to be studied in other lymphoproliferative disorders.
Coupled amidolytic assay for factor VII: its use with a clotting assay to determine the activity state of factor VII
Authors: Seligsohn U , Osterud B , Rapaport SI 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A coupled amidolytic assay for factor VII (VII) has been developed that when used with a clotting assay for VII enables detection of activated VII. In the assay, VII in a test material determines generation of factor Xa in a mixture of purified factor X, tissue factor, and calcium; factor Xa is measured with a chromogenic substrate. Factor VII activity in the coupled amidolytic assay (VIIam) correlated well with VII activity in a one-stage clotting assay (VIIc) in 57 healthy subjects, 5 patients with hereditary VII deficiency, and 11 patients with liver disease. Activation of plasma VII by kaolin, clotting, or cold strikingly increased VIIc but not VIIam levels. Thus the ratio VIIc/VIIam (VII activity ratio) is a measure of VII activation. In 27 warfarin-treated patients the mean VII activity ratio was significantly decreased, reflecting a greater decline in VIIc than in VIIam. This probably stems from partially carboxylated VII being able to act during the 3-min incubation of the amidolytic assay but unable to act rapidly enough to affect the clotting assay. Measurement of VIIc/VIIam should enable evaluation of the activity state of VII in thrombotic disorders and in components for transfusion therapy.
Banding studies on chromosomes in diffuse "histiocytic" lymphomas: correlation of 14q+ marker chromosome with cytology
Authors: Fukuhara S , Rowley JD , Variakojis D , Sweet DL Jr 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Chromosomes were studied in cells from tissues primarily involved by diffuse “histiocytic” lymphoma in nine patients. Two of the patients had stage II disease; their tumors were fibrotic and had no mitotic cells. One patient was in stage III, and the remaining six patients had stage IV disease. The modal chromosome number of abnormal cells from these last seven patients was hypodiploid in two, hyperdiploid in four, and near-triploid in one. Complete banding studies of six cases and partial analysis of the seventh indicate that (1) every patient had a distinct cell line with common markers, with a few cells showing minor variants; (2) although certain chromosomes (Nos. 1, 2, 3, 9, 12, and 14) were structurally affected more often than others, no markers with the same banding pattern were noted among them; and (3) the cytologic type of lymphoma could be correlated with the karyotype in all seven patients. When the Lukes and Collins classification was used, three patients whose tumors were composed predominantly of large noncleaved cells showed a 14q translocation leading to the formation of a 14q+ marker chromosome. This marker was not observed in four patients whose tumors had a majority of large cleaved cells. These preliminary results, if confirmed in a larger series of patients, will provide additional evidence that there are consistent chromosome changes associated with specific subtypes of lymphoproliferative disorders analogous to the Ph1 chromosome in chronic myelogenous leukemia.
Variability of the homeostatic response to altered p50
Authors: Charache S , Achuff S , Winslow R , Adamson J , Chervenick P 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Blood from carriers of hemoglobin Osler (Hb Osler) had almost the same oxygen affinity as that of carriers of Hb McKees Rocks (Hb MR) (P50 10- 11 mm Hg), but Hb concentrations were higher in male carriers of the former (21.6 versus 17.2 g/dl). Two carriers of each Hb were studied to compare their adaptations to altered oxygen affinity and their responses to phlebotomy. All four were healthy, and all excreted normal amounts of erythropoietin. Carriers of Hb MR had somewhat lower mixed venous pO2 than carriers of Hb Osler. There was no suggestion that phlebotomy impaired ability to exercise in either group of patients.