bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why conservation of the nameBoletus applanatusshould be rejected
Authors: Demoulin Vincent 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe proposal by Redhead & al. inTaxon55: 1029‐1030 (2006) to conserveBoletus applanatusagainstB. lipsiensiscomes anomalously late after acceptance of the nameGanoderma lipsienseas correct for what had been known asG. applanatums.str. This name was abandoned by careful taxonomists without regret for it has been used in such a variable way that it was, and remains, a permanent source of confusion. The arguments for retaining the presently correct, unambiguousG. lipsienseare presented.
Evolution and taxonomy of aquatic species in the genusRhynchostegium(Brachytheciaceae, Bryophyta)
Authors: Huttunen Sanna , Ignatov Michael S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPhylogenetic relationships of the aquatic moss genusPlatyhypnidiumand terrestrial species ofRhynchostegiumwere explored using a phylogeny based on three DNA sequence regions, the nuclear ITS1–5.8S–ITS2, and the plastidtrnL–FandtrnD–T. This is the first study usingtrnD–Tin the phyogeny of mosses.Platyhypnidiumappeared polyphyletic and most of its species were found within aRhynchostegiumclade including species from four different genera:Rhynchostegium, Eriodon, EurhynchiellaandPlatyhypnidium. Use of the nameRhynchostegiumrequires conservation againstEriodon. Within Rhynchostegium s.l., aquaticRhynchostegiumspecies (i.e.,Platyhypnidium) were resolved in four geographically delimited groups: an Afro–European group, an American–East Asiatic group, a Malesian–Australian group and a group comprising the South AmericanP. fuegianumtogether withEriodonandEurhynchiella. Topologies from independent analyses of plastid and nuclear data did not show conflict, and the occurrence of hybridzation events in the clade was therefore not supported. The phylogeny indicates numerous habitat shifts between terrestrial and aquatic habitats, as well as between different terrestrial (epiphytic and epigeic) habitats, which may have affected taxonomic complexity inRhynchostegium. New morphological characters, such as a striate leaf lamina, axillary hairs composed of relatively short cells, and clearly differentiated cells of the costa, separatePlatyhypnidiumspecies within Eurhynchioideae from those in theOxyrrhynchium–Donrichardsiaclade (Helicodontioideae). Two morphologically unique specimens,Platyhypnidium muelleriifrom Hawaii andPlatyhypnidiumsp. from Northern Australia, are described asDonrichardsia bartramiiandRhynchostegium brevinerve. The new genusHedenaesia(Helicodontioideae) is established to accommodatePlatyhypnidium austrinum.
A new tribal classification of Nyctaginaceae
Authors: Douglas Norman , Spellenberg Richard 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRecent phylogenetic work shows that existing tribal concepts within Nyctaginaceae are incompatible with the principle of recognizing monophyletic taxa. We review the history of supergeneric classification in Nyctaginaceae, clarify issues pertaining to priority of certain generic names, and discuss the application of the conserved family name to the tribe Nyctagineae. Pisoniella and Phaeoptilum are moved from tribe Nyctagineae to Pisonieae and Bougainvilleeae, respectively, while tribe Abronieae, containing Abronia and Tripterocalyx, is submerged into Nyctagineae. Two distinctive genera, Caribea and Colignonia, are assigned to their own tribes, recognizing both their uniqueness and the uncertainty of their phylogenetic relationships. Finally, subtribes are not recognized in tribe Nyctagineae. Updated descriptions are provided for each tribe and one new tribe, Caribeaeae Douglas & Spellenberg, is recognized. Plant habit and general geographic distribution seem to be at least as pertinent as the often–homoplasious morphological details which had been emphasized in previous classifications.
Phylogeny of Bambusa and its allies (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) inferred from nuclear GBSSI gene and plastid psbA-trnH, rpl32-trnL and rps16 intron DNA sequences
Authors: Yang Jun-Bo , Yang Han-Qi , Li De-Zhu , Wong Khoon-Meng , Yang Yu-Ming 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPhylogenetic relationships among core taxa of the paleotropical bamboo clade placed in subtribe Bambusinae, comprising Bambusa s.l. (including Bambusa s.str. and its subgenera Leleba and Lingnania) and its allies (including Dendrocalamopsis, Dendrocalamus, Gigantochloa, Melocalamus and Thyrsostachys), and with Neosinocalamus and Oxytenanthera, were examined by separate and combined cladistic analyses of the nuclear GBSSI gene and plastid psbA‐trnH, rpl32‐trnL and rps16 intron sequences using maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference analyses. The taxa were strongly supported as a monophyletic group, which represents subtribe Bambusinae. Melocalamus and Thyrsostachys were confirmed as good genera. In the combined analysis, Bambusa s.l. and Dendrocalamopsis formed one of two clades with reasonable support, and Dendrocalamus clustered with Gigantochloa, Neosinocalamus and Oxytenanthera in the other. The topology also identified several taxa that were misplaced in Bambusa or Dendrocalamus. Sinocalamus (currently a subgenus of Dendrocalamus) appeared to be heterogeneous and contained taxa allied to Bambusa or Dendrocalamus. Except for Oxytenanthera, the alliance of Bambusa and allies appeared well characterized by a broadly conical, solid and typically hairy ovary summit. The taxonomic significance of rachilla and floret characters, considered useful in distinguishing subsets of genera, remains uncertain.
Five new species of Lithospermum L. (Boraginaceae tribe Lithospermeae) in Andean South America: Another radiation in the Amotape‐Huancabamba Zone
Authors: Weigend Maximilian , Gottschling Marc , Hilger Hartmut H. , Nürk Nicolai M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe present a revision of Lithospermum for South America based on extensive field work and herbarium study which leads to the recognition of ten species including five new to science: Lithospermum bolivariensis, L. cuzcoensis, L. leymebambensis and L. rodriguezii from Peru, and L. azuayensis from Ecuador. The South American species group is morphologically heterogeneous and includes a wide range of growth forms, pollen types and corolla shapes. Molecular data indicate that the species from Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia are monophyletic (South American species group) and represent the sister group of Mexican L. distichum. Lithospermum mediale, disjunct between Colombia/Venezuela and Guatemala/Mexico, represents an independent introduction to South America. Diversification of Andean Lithospermum appears to have progressed from South to North, with the basal taxa being present in the high Andes of southern Peru. The bulk of the species is concentrated in the Amotape‐Huancabamba Zone (northern Peru to southern Ecuador), with five neo‐endemic species being restricted to this area. Lithospermum apparently arrived in the Central Andes ca. 5 Ma and subsequently migrated and diversified northwards, possibly parallel to the uplift of the northern Andes.
Acacia, the 2011 Nomenclature Section in Melbourne, and beyond
Authors: Moore Gerry , Smith Gideon F. , Figueiredo Estrela , Demissew Sebsebe , Lewis Gwilym , Schrire Brian , Rico Lourdes , van Wyk Abraham E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper briefly reports on the developments surrounding the Acacia name conservation controversy since the Nomenclature Section meeting at the Seventeenth International Botanical Congress at Vienna in 2005. Actions taken at Vienna led to the listing of Acacia Mill. with a conserved type in Appendix III (p. 286) of the current printed version of the International code of botanical nomenclature. While decisions taken at Nomenclature Sections generally tend to resolve nomenclatural disputes, the actions taken in Vienna with regard to Acacia—i.e., treating the proposal to conserve the name Acacia with a conserved type as approved even though the majority of the votes cast were opposed to the proposal—has only resulted in increased controversy. Today, the Acacia listing in the Code continues to be met with considerable resistance from the global plant taxonomic community and beyond. We believe the “minority rule” approach used in Vienna was contrary to the procedural rules established in Vienna. As a result, an objection to the acceptance of the Vienna Code as currently printed with the Acacia listing will be raised at the Nomenclature Section meeting during the Eighteenth International Botanical Congress in Melbourne in 2011. A procedure is outlined for handling this objection that we hope will allow the botanical community to finally resolve this matter.
Homoploid hybrid speciation in action
Authors: Abbott Richard J. , Hegarty Matthew J. , Hiscock Simon J. , Brennan Adrian C. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHomoploid hybrid speciation is the origin of a hybrid species without change in chromosome number. Although currently thought to be a rare form of speciation, especially relative to the more common allopolyploid hybrid speciation, it is feasible that many examples of homoploid hybrid species will be discovered in the future now that genetic resources are readily available for testing their occurrence. In this review, we focus on the speed of homoploid hybrid speciation, the importance of ecological and spatial isolation in the process, and the nature of genetic changes that occur in a new hybrid during its origin and establishment in the wild. With reference mainly to the extensive work carried out on homoploid hybrid species of Helianthus, and to our own work on the very recently originated diploid hybrid species Senecio squalidus, we review evidence showing: (1) that new fertile homoploid hybrid species can originate very quickly, although a longer period is likely to be required before the species becomes fully stabilized both genomically and phenotypically; (2) ecological divergence of the hybrid species from its parents is key to successful establishment, and that this can occur even in the absence of post­zygotic isolation caused by chromosomal and/or genetic sterility barriers; (3) transgressive changes in phenotypic traits and gene expression are of great importance in adapting homoploid hybrid species to habitats that are ecologically and spatially divergent from those of the parents; (4) adaptive differences distinguishing a homoploid hybrid species from its parental species are likely to be maintained in the face of parental gene flow, and evolve in concert across populations representing multiple origins of the species; (5) in the absence of parental gene flow, i.e., under conditions of geographical isolation, rapid genetic divergence of the hybrid species is likely to be enhanced due to the combined effects of founder events, genetic drift and selection.
New insights into the origin of two new epiphytic Impatiens species (Balsaminaceae) from West Central Africa based on molecular phylogenetic analyses
Authors: Janssens Steven B. , Fischer Eberhard , Stévart Tariq 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDuring recent fieldwork activities conducted in order to complete the publication of the Flora of Gabon, new material was collected of two previously unknown Impatiens species. Molecular phylogenetic analyses and a detailed comparative morphological study confirmed the status of the newly collected material. Impatiens wilksiana Stévart, S. B. Janssens & Eb. Fisch. is characterized by a dense racemose inflorescence, rather small flowers, yellow petals and red sepals, whereas I. issembei S. B. Janssens, Stévart & Eb. Fisch. has few‐flowered racemose inflorescences and larger flowers, which are entirely vivid‐red. The divergence of I. issembei and I. wilksiana is estimated at 0.96 Ma ago, an age that corresponds with a shift towards increasingly variable drier conditions situated between 1.2 and 0.8 Ma ago. During this period, the once continuous ancestral population of I. issembei and I. wilksiana was probably fragmented into two sister populations restricted to the forest refuges in the Massif du Chaillu and the Monts de Cristal. Allopatric speciation in association with such refuges may have played a role in the origin and diversification of the present day African Impatiens.
Molecular support of the classification of Greeniopsis Merr. in Aleisanthieae (Rubiaceae), with a revision of the genus
Authors: Alejandro Grecebio Jonathan D. , Meve Ulrich , Uy Millard , Mouly Arnaud , Thiv Mike , Liede-Schumann Sigrid 
Published: February 2019

AbstractGreeniopsis Merr. is a small genus of Rubiaceae endemic to the Philippines. Previously, no molecular data have been available for Greeniopsis and its taxonomic position has remained controversial. Based on morphology, the genus was tentatively included in the tribe Aleisanthieae (Ixoroideae) along with the Southeast Asian genera Aleisanthia and Aleisanthiopsis. To determine the taxonomic position of Greeniopsis and evaluate the monophyly of the genus, sequences of the rps16 and trnT‐F regions of cpDNA of all seven Greeniopsis species were generated. Parsimony and Bayesian analyses of the combined plastid dataset strongly support the inclusion of Greeniopsis in Aleisanthieae as well as its monophyly. Woolly hairs on the abaxial leaf surface occur in only one Greeniopsis species and can no longer be regarded a synapomorphy of the tribe. The generic status of Aleisanthia, Aleisanthiopsis, and Greeniopsis is maintained. A revision of Greeniopsis, including a key to species, descriptions, distribution maps, and illustrations, is provided.
Molecular systematics and remodelling of Chirita and associated genera (Gesneriaceae)
Authors: Weber Anton , Middleton David J. , Forrest Alan , Kiew Ruth , Lim Chung Lu , Rafidah A.R. , Sontag Susanne , Triboun Pramote , Wei Yi-Gang , Yao Tze Leong , Möller Michael 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe polyphyletic genus Chirita is remodelled after an extensive molecular phylogenetic study of species assigned to it and to other associated genera. Most of Chirita sect. Chirita and the monotypic Hemiboeopsis are amalgamated with Henckelia sect. Henckelia, resulting in a very differently circumscribed genus Henckelia and the synonymisation of Chirita. The remaining species of Chirita sect. Chirita are accommodated in the revived genus Damrongia. Chirita sect. Liebigia is recognised as the genus Liebigia. Chirita sect. Microchirita is recognised as the genus Microchirita. Chirita sect. Gibbosaccus is, together with Chiritopsis and Wentsaiboea, included in the originally monotypic and now enormously expanded genus Primulina. The necessary combinations are made and a general list showing the present accommodation of the species previously described under Chirita, Chiritopsis, Hemiboeopsis, Primulina and Wentsaiboea is provided.
A revised infrageneric classification and molecular phylogeny of New World Croton (Euphorbiaceae)
Authors: van Ee Benjamin W. , Riina Ricarda , Berry Paul E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCroton (Euphorbiaceae) is a large and diverse group of plants that is most species‐rich in the tropics. We update the infrageneric classification of the New World species of Croton with new evidence from phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequence data from all three genomes. The relationships of species that were previously placed in conflicting positions by nuclear and chloroplast data, such as C. cupreatus, C. poecilanthus, and C. setiger, are further resolved by adding the nuclear EMB2765 and mitochondrial rps3 genes to the molecular sampling. Analyses of rps3 reveal an accelerated rate of evolution within Croton subg. Geiseleria, the only one of the four subgenera that contains numerous herbaceous, annual species. We provide morphological descriptions, species lists, and a key to the 31 sections and 10 subsections recognized in the New World. New taxa that we describe include C. sects. Alabamenses, Argyranthemi, Cordiifolii, Corinthii, Cupreati, Luetzelburgiorum, Nubigeni, Olivacei, Pachypodi, Prisci, and C. subsects. Cubenses, Jamaicenses, and Sellowiorum. Additional transfers are made to the ranks of subgenus, section, and subsection. A total of 712 species of Croton are currently recognized for the New World, with 702 of them assigned here to section.
Effectiveness on fertility outcome of tubal flushing with different contrast media: systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang R. , van Welie N. , van Rijswijk J. , Johnson N. P. , Norman R. J. , Dreyer K. , Mijatovic V. , Mol B. W. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo compare, in women with infertility, the effectiveness and safety of tubal flushing using oil‐based contrast medium, water‐based contrast medium or their combination, and no tubal flushing, and to evaluate the effectiveness of tubal flushing on fertility outcome over time.MethodsWe performed a systematic review and network meta‐analysis, searching the electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and trial registries, up to 25 September 2018. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the following interventions with each other or with no intervention in women with infertility: tubal flushing using water‐based contrast medium, tubal flushing using oil‐based contrast medium or additional tubal flushing with oil‐based medium following diagnostic tubal flushing with water‐based medium. The outcomes included clinical pregnancy, live birth, ongoing pregnancy, miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy and adverse events.ResultsOf the 283 studies identified through the search, 14 RCTs reporting on 3852 women with infertility were included. Network meta‐analysis showed that tubal flushing using oil‐based contrast medium was associated with higher odds of clinical pregnancy within 6 months after randomization and more subsequent live births compared with tubal flushing using water‐based medium (odds ratio (OR), 1.67 (95% CI, 1.38–2.03), moderate certainty of evidence; and OR, 2.18 (95% CI, 1.30–3.65), low certainty of evidence, respectively) and compared with no intervention (OR, 2.28 (95% CI, 1.50–3.47), moderate certainty of evidence; and OR, 2.85 (95% CI, 1.41–5.74), low certainty of evidence, respectively). These results agreed with those of the pairwise meta‐analysis. For clinical pregnancy within 6 months, there was insufficient evidence of a difference between tubal flushing with water‐based contrast medium and no intervention (OR, 1.36 (95% CI, 0.91–2.04), low certainty of evidence). For fertility outcomes after 6 months, there was insufficient evidence of a difference in any comparison (low to very low certainty of evidence). Compared with tubal flushing using water‐based contrast medium, the use of oil‐based contrast medium was associated with higher odds of asymptomatic intravasation (OR, 5.06 (95% CI, 2.29–11.18), moderate certainty of evidence).ConclusionsIn women with infertility undergoing fertility workup, tubal flushing using oil‐based contrast medium probably increases clinical pregnancy rates within 6 months after randomization and may increase subsequent live‐birth rates, compared with tubal flushing using water‐based contrast medium and compared with no intervention. Evidence on fertility outcomes beyond 6 months is inadequate to draw firm conclusions. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Why institutional ethnography? Why now? Institutional ethnography in health professions education
Authors: Kearney Grainne P. , Corman Michael K. , Hart Nigel D. , Johnston Jennifer L. , Gormley Gerard J. 
Published: February 2019

This ‘A Qualitative Space’ article takes a critical look at Dorothy Smith’s approach to inquiry known as institutional ethnography and its potentiality in contemporary health professions education research. We delve into institutional ethnography’s philosophical underpinnings, setting out the ontological shift that the researcher needs to make within this critical feminist approach. We use examples of research into frontline healthcare, into the health work of patients and into education to allow the reader to consider what an institutional ethnography research project might offer. We lay out our vision for potential growth for institutional ethnography research within the health professions education field and explain why we see this as the opportune moment to adopt institutional ethnography to meet some of the challenges facing health professions education in a way that offers informed change.
Child maltreatment is mediating long-term consequences of household dysfunction in a population representative sample
Authors: Clemens Vera , Berthold Oliver , Witt Andreas , Sachser Cedric , Brähler Elmar , Plener Paul L. , Strauß Bernhard , Fegert Jörg M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackground:Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) exhibit long-lasting consequences on later life and are considered as a major public health problem. ACEs can be divided into household dysfunctions, which affect the child indirectly, and direct maltreatment. As a high correlation between ACEs in general is known, we assessed the risk for child maltreatment associated with the occurrence of household dysfunctions. To provide a better understanding for the mechanisms leading to the deleterious sequelae of ACEs, we furthermore assessed whether the long-term consequences of household dysfunction are mediated by child maltreatment and thereby might be targeted by effective child protection programs.Methods:A representative sample of the German population above the age of 14 (N = 2531) was assessed in a cross-sectional observational population-based survey.Results:The data reveal that mental illness of a household member was associated with significantly increased risks for all child maltreatment subtypes (ORs 4.95–5.55), just as household substance abuse (ORs 5.32–6.98), violence against the mother (ORs 4.43–10.26), incarceration of a household member (ORs 6.11–14.93) and parental separation (OR 3.37–4.87). Child maltreatment partially mediated the association of household mental illness, substance abuse and parental separation with later depression, anxiety, life satisfaction and subjective general health status and completely mediated the associations of intimate partner violence (IPV) and incarceration of a household member with anxiety, depression and subjective health status in adulthood.Conclusions:ACEs linked to household dysfunction are associated with an increased risk for all subtypes of child maltreatment. The assessed widespread consequences of household dysfunction are mediated by child maltreatment. This underlines the role of prevention of child maltreatment in families with household dysfunction and implies child protection as a priority in any interventions.