bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dehydration of Alginic Acid Cryogel by TiCl4 vapor: Direct Access to Mesoporous TiO2@C Nanocomposites and Their Performance in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Kim Sanghoon , De Bruyn Mario , Alauzun Johan G. , Louvain Nicolas , Brun Nicolas , Macquarrie Duncan J. , Stievano Lorenzo , Mutin P. Hubert , Monconduit Laure , Boury Bruno 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA new strategy for the synthesis of mesoporous TiO2@C nanocomposites through the direct mineralization of seaweed‐derived alginic acid cryogel by TiCl4 through a solid/vapor reaction pathway is presented. In this synthesis, alginic acid cryogel can have multiple roles; i) mesoporous template, ii) carbon source, and iii) oxygen source for the TiO2 precursor, TiCl4. The resulting TiO2@alginic acid composite was transformed either into pure mesoporous TiO2 by calcination or into mesoporous TiO2@C nanocomposites by pyrolysis. By comparing with a nonporous TiO2@C composite, the importance of the mesopores on the performance of electrodes for lithium‐ion batteries based on mesoporous TiO2@C composite was clearly evidenced. In addition, the carbon matrix in the mesoporous TiO2@C nanocomposite also showed electrochemical activity versus lithium ions, providing twice the capacity of pure mesoporous TiO2 or alginic acid‐derived mesoporous carbon (A600). Given the simplicity and environmental friendliness of the process, the mesoporous TiO2@C nanocomposite could satisfy the main prerequisites of green and sustainable chemistry while showing improved electrochemical performance as a negative electrode for lithium‐ion batteries.
A distributed, multi‐hop, adaptive, tree‐based energy‐balanced routing approach
Authors: Arora Vishal Kumar , Sharma Vishal , Sachdeva Monika 
Published: April 2019

SummaryTo accomplish the primary objective of data sensing and collection of wireless sensor networks (WSN), the design of an energy efficient routing algorithm is very important. However, the energy constrained sensing nodes along with the intrinsic properties of the (WSN) environment makes the routing a challenging task. To overcome this routing dilemma, an improved distributed, multi‐hop, adaptive, tree‐based energy‐balanced (DMATEB) routing scheme is proposed in this paper. In this scheme, a relay node is selected in view of minimum distance and high energy from a current sensing node. Further, the parent node is chosen among the selected relay nodes on the basis of high residual energy and less power consumption with due consideration of its associated child nodes. As each sensing node itself selects its parent among the available alternatives, the proposed scheme offers a distributive and adaptive approach. Moreover, the proposed system does not overload any selected parent of a particular branch as it starts acting as a child whenever its energy lowers among the other available relay nodes. This leads to uniform energy utilization of nodes that offers a better energy balance mechanism and improves the network lifespan by 20% to 30% as compared with its predecessors.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of an adenoid cystic carcinoma of trachea: Common tumor in uncommon location
Authors: Kaur Gurwinder , Mitra Suvradeep , Dey Pranab 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAdenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is most often primary in the major and minor salivary glands but can also arise from the submucosal seromucinous glands of the larynx and trachea. We report a case of ACC of the larynx that presented as a recurrent cough for 4 months and vomiting 3 to 4 times within 1 month. Fine‐needle aspiration cytology was consistent with an ACC. Subsequent cell block and immunocytochemistry confirmed the diagnosis. This case highlights the need to be aware of unusual lesions that may arise in the region of trachea.
Emotion regulation moderates the association between parent and child hair cortisol concentrations
Authors: Kao Katie , Tuladhar Charu T. , Meyer Jerrold S. , Tarullo Amanda R. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSuccessful emotion regulation facilitates children's coping with everyday stress. It develops rapidly in the early preschool period. However, no work has been done to investigate the potential buffering role of emotion regulation from cumulative physiological effects of stress. In this study, we examined hair cortisol concentration (HCC), an early marker of chronic physiological stress, socioeconomic status (SES), parental sensitivity, and emotion regulation and reactivity in a sample of 3.5‐year‐old children (N = 86). Emotion regulation and emotional reactivity were independent of child HCC. However, emotion regulation moderated the relationship between parent and child HCC. For children with better emotion regulation, there was no association between parent and child HCC, suggesting that emotion regulation skills buffered the transgenerational effects of chronic physiological stress. Emotional reactivity moderated the relationship between SES and child HCC, and attenuated the association between parental sensitivity and child HCC. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that children who were less emotionally reactive were less susceptible to their environments. Results provide support that child emotion regulation and emotional reactivity can reduce or strengthen the relationship between established risk factors and levels of chronic physiological stress in early childhood.
Traumatic stress and the autonomic brain‐gut connection in development: Polyvagal Theory as an integrative framework for psychosocial and gastrointestinal pathology
Authors: Kolacz Jacek , Kovacic Katja K. , Porges Stephen W. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA range of psychiatric disorders such as anxiety, depression, and post‐traumatic stress disorder frequently co‐occur with functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. Risk of these pathologies is particularly high in those with a history of trauma, abuse, and chronic stress. These scientific findings and rising awareness within the healthcare profession give rise to a need for an integrative framework to understand the developmental mechanisms that give rise to these observations. In this paper, we introduce a plausible explanatory framework, based on the Polyvagal Theory (Porges, Psychophysiology, 32, 301–318, 1995; Porges, International Journal of Psychophysiology, 42, 123–146, 2001; Porges, Biological Psychology, 74, 116–143, 2007), which describes how evolution impacted the structure and function of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The Polyvagal Theory provides organizing principles for understanding the development of adaptive diversity in homeostatic, threat‐response, and psychosocial functions that contribute to pathology. Using these principles, we outline possible mechanisms that promote and maintain socioemotional and GI dysfunction and review their implications for therapeutic targets.
Meta‐analysis of risk factors for amputation in diabetic foot infections
Authors: Sen Pinar , Demirdal Tuna , Emir Busra 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundKnowledge of risk factors is crucial to develop management and treatment protocols for the prevention of lower extremity amputation for patients with diabetic foot infections (DFIs).MethodsWe searched the research literature for studies reporting risk factors for lower extremity amputation in patients with DFI. The main outcome variables included both minor and major amputations. This study was reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and the protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42018118543).ResultsA total of 2471 potential articles from the database search met the inclusion criteria. After reviewing the titles, abstracts, and full texts, remaining 25 articles were included in the final analysis. We identified 6132 patients with DFI in the 25 included articles. Of these, 1873 patients who underwent amputation were investigated.Male gender (odds ratio [OR]: 1.31), smoking (OR: 1.38), history of amputation (OR: 1.47), history of osteomyelitis (OR: 1.94), peripheral arterial disease (OR: 2.35), retinopathy (OR: 1.32), International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) grades 3 and 4 (OR: 1.7 and 2.5), Wagner grades 4 and 5 (OR: 4.3 and 6.4), gangrene/necrosis (OR: 9.9), osteomyelitis (OR: 4.5), neuroischaemic DFI (OR: 3.06), severe infection (OR: 3.12), length of hospitalization (standardized mean difference [SMD]: 0.7), leukocytosis (OR: 1.76), mean erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (SMD: 0.5), mean C‐reactive protein (CRP) (SMD: 0.8), tissue culture positivity (OR: 1.61), and isolation of Gram‐negative bacteria from tissue culture (OR: 1.5) were found as predictors of amputation in DFI.ConclusionsThe present study highlighted some differences in diabetic foot ulcers and DFIs in terms of risk factors for lower extremity amputation. These data provide detailed information about risk factors for amputations among patients with DFI, thus contributing to the creation of new classification systems for assessment of high‐risk patients.
Alterations in phospholipid profiles of erythrocytes deep‐frozen without cryoprotectants
Authors: Cho Yoeseph , Woo Ji‐Hye , Kwon Oh‐Seung , Yoon Sang Sun , Son Junghyun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe erythrocyte membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer, which is known to undergo physicochemical changes during storage at low temperatures. This study was conducted to identify marker phospholipids that indicate alteration during deep‐frozen storage and to determine the amount of marker phospholipids. Our research suggested a method to detect phospholipids by profiling analysis of thermally injured red blood cells (RBCs) without protecting agents. Human blood was stored at −80°C for 72 days. The RBC membrane phospholipids were extracted through a modified Bligh and Dyer method. Six selected phospholipids were analyzed and quantified using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, and an in vitro model system was developed. The intracellular level of N‐nervonoyl‐D‐erythro‐sphingosylphosphorylcholine significantly increased in the thermally injured RBCs, and multiple biomarker candidates were evaluated by profiling analysis and mass spectrometry technology for targeted metabolomics.
Outcomes of in vitro fertilization with frozen‐thawed sperm: An analysis of post‐thaw recovery of sperm, embryogenesis, offspring morphology, and skeletogenesis for a cyprinid fish
Authors: Zadmajid Vahid , Falahipour Elham , Ghaderi Edris , Sørensen Sune Riis , Butts Ian Anthony Ernest 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundGamete cryopreservation causes cellular damage and death. This study develops cryopreservation techniques for Levantine scraper, and deciphers how early offspring development is affected when eggs are sired with fresh and frozen‐thawed sperm.ResultsCryopreserved sperm did not affect embryogenesis at two‐ and four‐cell stages, but impaired embryonic development at eight‐cell stage. Embryonic viability decreased at organogenesis, where only 34‐49% of embryos showed viability with frozen‐thawed sperm. Hatching success and percentage of normal hatched embryos declined when fertilized with frozen‐thawed sperm. Considering only frozen‐thawed cells the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)‐5%, methanol (METH)‐5%, and METH‐10% treatments yielded highest hatch, while METH‐5% and propylene glycol‐5% yielded the most normal hatched embryos. Larval spinal torsion was higher for fresh than frozen‐thawed sperm, where larvae with spinal torsion showed vertebral fusion and shape alterations during exogenous feeding. Both fresh and cryopreserved treatments showed abnormalities in caudal skeleton, while rates of defective yolk‐sacs were higher for cryopreserved sperm, where larvae with defective yolks showed oversized yolk extension. Percentage of larvae with defective heads/eyes were also higher for cryopreserved sperm.ConclusionsResults show how frozen‐thawed sperm impairs embryonic/larvae development and identifies frequency and position of abnormalities. Future studies should investigate how sperm DNA damage may have caused these alterations.
Tolerance and overcompensation to infection by Phytophthora infestans in the wild perennial climber Solanum dulcamara
Authors: Masini Laura , Grenville‐Briggs Laura J. , Andreasson Erik , Råberg Lars , Lankinen Åsa 
Published: April 2019

AbstractStudies of infection by Phytophthora infestans—the causal agent of potato late blight—in wild species can provide novel insights into plant defense responses, and indicate how wild plants might be influenced by recurrent epidemics in agricultural fields. In the present study, our aim was to investigate if different clones of Solanum dulcamara (a relative of potato) collected in the wild differ in resistance and tolerance to infection by a common European isolate of P. infestans. We performed infection experiments with six S. dulcamara genotypes (clones) both in the laboratory and in the field and measured the degree of infection and plant performance traits. In the laboratory, the six evaluated genotypes varied from resistant to susceptible, as measured by degree of infection 20 days post infection. Two of the four genotypes susceptible to infection showed a quadratic (concave downward) relationship between the degree of infection and shoot length, with maximum shoot length at intermediate values of infection. This result suggests overcompensation, that is, an increase in growth in infected individuals. The number of leaves decreased with increasing degree of infection, but at different rates in the four susceptible genotypes, indicating genetic variation for tolerance. In the field, the inoculated genotypes did not show any disease symptoms, but plant biomass at the end of the growing season was higher for inoculated plants than for controls, in‐line with the overcompensation detected in the laboratory. We conclude that in S. dulcamara there are indications of genetic variation for both resistance and tolerance to P. infestans infection. Moreover, some genotypes displayed overcompensation. Learning about plant tolerance and overcompensation to infection by pathogens can help broaden our understanding of plant defense in natural populations and help develop more sustainable plant protection strategies for economically important crop diseases.
The harmful algae, Cochlodinium polykrikoides and Aureococcus anophagefferens, elicit stronger transcriptomic and mortality response in larval bivalves (Argopecten irradians) than climate change stressors
Authors: Griffith Andrew W. , Harke Matthew J. , DePasquale Elizabeth , Berry Dianna L. , Gobler Christopher J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGlobal ocean change threatens marine life, yet a mechanistic understanding of how organisms are affected by specific stressors is poorly understood. Here, we identify and compare the unique and common transcriptomic responses of an organism experiencing widespread fisheries declines, Argopecten irradians (bay scallop) exposed to multiple stressors including high pCO2, elevated temperature, and two species of harmful algae, Cochlodinium (aka Margalefidinium) polykrikoides and Aureococcus anophagefferens using high‐throughput sequencing (RNA‐seq). After 48 hr of exposure, scallop transcriptomes revealed distinct expression profiles with larvae exposed to harmful algae (C. polykrikoides and A. anophagefferens) displaying broader responses in terms of significantly and differentially expressed (DE) transcripts (44,922 and 4,973; respectively) than larvae exposed to low pH or elevated temperature (559 and 467; respectively). Patterns of expression between larvae exposed to each harmful algal treatment were, however, strikingly different with larvae exposed to A. anophagefferens displaying large, significant declines in the expression of transcripts (n = 3,615; 87% of DE transcripts) whereas exposure to C. polykrikoides increased the abundance of transcripts, more than all other treatments combined (n = 43,668; 97% of DE transcripts). Larvae exposed to each stressor up‐regulated a common set of 21 genes associated with protein synthesis, cellular metabolism, shell growth, and membrane transport. Larvae exposed to C. polykrikoides displayed large increases in antioxidant‐associated transcripts, whereas acidification‐exposed larvae increased abundance of transcripts associated with shell formation. After 10 days of exposure, each harmful algae caused declines in survival that were significantly greater than all other treatments. Collectively, this study reveals the common and unique transcriptional responses of bivalve larvae to stressors that promote population declines within coastal zones, providing insight into the means by which they promote mortality as well as traits possessed by bay scallops that enable potential resistance.
Landscape heterogeneity in landform and land use provides functional resistance to gene flow in continuous Asian black bear populations
Authors: Ohnishi Naoki , Osawa Takeshi , Yamamoto Toshiaki , Uno Reina 
Published: April 2019

AbstractContextGenetic diversity is one of the most important facets of biological diversity, and changes in the spatial pattern of habitats, often modified by human activity, are believed to have affected the genetic diversity of resident natural populations.ObjectivesWe undertook a landscape genetic analysis in order to determine which landscape features influence gene flow within Asian black bear populations and to identify the underlying processes.MethodsIn our evaluation of gene flow, we estimated four parameters of resistance with regard to landscape elevation: the mean, the difference between the highest and lowest, the standard deviation, and the coefficient of variation of elevation among individuals. We then examined the resistance effect of different land use types.ResultsWith the exception of mean elevation, we found that all parameters showed a significant relationship with genetic distance, indicating that unevenness in elevation provides functional resistance to gene flow. Although we found no evidence of landscape barriers (isolation‐by‐barrier), there was an indication of landscape resistance (isolation‐by‐resistance). Urban area and farmland are suggested to be the strong factors contributing to the resistance to gene flow, even though isolation‐by‐distance was also detected. When we examined gene flow for pairs of males and pairs of females, both isolation‐by‐distance and isolation‐by‐resistance were stronger in order of female pairs, male pairs, all individual pairs.ConclusionsWe conclude that landscape resistance was detectable with a high contrast in landscape heterogeneity and they are more influential on females than males.OPEN PRACTICES

This article has earned an Open Data Badge for making publicly available the digitally‐shareable data necessary to reproduce the reported results. The data is available at https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.gn0qf16.
The usefulness of ecological concepts: patterns among practitioners
Authors: Reiners Derek S. , Reiners William A. , Lockwood Jeffrey A. , Prager Steven D. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA survey was distributed to members of the Ecological Society of America in 2014, which asked respondents to rate the usefulness of 131 of the most common, current ecological concepts. As part of the survey, key demographic and professional information was requested from respondents, including age, gender, education level, sector of employment, and primary area (i.e., domain) of interest in ecology. This paper reports how those factors interacted and affected concept ratings. Comprehensive analysis revealed many significant patterns. Among these, we discovered that concept ratings almost invariably increased with age, often dramatically. Also, there was a very strong tendency for males to rate concepts, in general, higher than did females, but the magnitudes of these differences were small. Furthermore, there was a significant gulf between the academic and government employment categories, characterized by academic respondents having rated most concepts higher. This research is important to the ecological community as a quantitative description of the kinds of variation existing among its constituents in terms of types and degrees of concept utility. Self‐knowledge is critical for understanding the discipline and for advancing its educational, research, and environmental initiatives.
The ecological and evolutionary importance of nectar‐secreting galls
Authors: Pierce Mac P. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSome species of cynipid wasp engage in mutualisms with ants by producing nectar‐secreting galls, providing carbohydrates, and receiving protection from parasitoids. The galls are functionally similar to extrafloral nectaries, plant structures well known for their role in ant–plant mutualisms. Though not well known, nectar‐secreting galls may have important ecological and evolutionary implications for arthropods, plants, and the evolution of ant‐mutualisms. Here, I review the known ecology of nectar‐secreting galls and speculate on their wider ecological significance based on past research and similar ecological systems. I then develop a conceptual framework for considering the possible historical role of nectar‐secreting galls in the evolution of ant‐mutualisms. I review current knowledge on the origin of ant‐mutualisms and develop a hypothesis for the role of nectar‐secreting galls using examples of similar, contemporary species interactions. Finally, I lay out some of the future directions for research into nectar‐secreting galls and their species interactions, including important questions that remain to be addressed. Future studies of the diversity and ecology of nectar‐secreting galls are necessary to determine the extent to which they may be involved in ecological functioning and the evolution of ant‐mutualisms, and it is hoped that this review will contribute to motivating and developing future research.
Experimentally warmer and drier conditions in an Arctic plant community reveal microclimatic controls on senescence
Authors: Livensperger Carolyn , Steltzer Heidi , Darrouzet‐Nardi Anthony , Sullivan Patrick F. , Wallenstein Matthew , Weintraub Michael N. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe timing and duration of the plant growing season and its period of peak activity have shifted globally in response to climate change. These changes alter the period of maximum and potential total carbon uptake, especially in highly seasonal environments such as the Arctic. Earlier plant growth has been observed, and if plant senescence remains the same or is delayed, growing season extension will likely lead to greater carbon uptake and growth. We used phenology data from a multifactor climate change experiment to examine how altered seasonality influences the timing and rate‐of‐senescence and to compare direct observations of individual plant senescence with mathematical models of onset‐of‐senescence based on near‐surface remote sensing. Our three‐year experiment in an Arctic tundra ecosystem altered plant microclimates through factorial warming and earlier snowmelt treatments. We found that (1) early snowmelt and warmer temperatures led to earlier remotely sensed onset‐of‐senescence, but did not alter the rate‐of‐senescence, (2) the timing of color change for individual vascular plants did not change in response to the treatments, leading to a mismatch with remotely sensed phenology, and (3) cumulative, phenologically dependent microclimate metrics (e.g., soil cold degree‐days) best predicted the onset‐of‐senescence. Our study highlights the complexity of observing and understanding controls over phenological shifts that affect plant growth and consequently ecosystem functions. Experimental studies that include multiple approaches to observe and model phenological changes and microclimate are critical to develop phenological forecasting models.