bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The nuclei 12C, 16O and the role of the Pauli Exclusion Principle
Authors: Hess P. O. , Berriel-Aguayo M. , Chávez-Nuñez L. J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We investigate the role of the Pauli Exclusion Principle (PEP) for light nuclei, at the examples of 12C and 16O. We show that ignoring the PEP does lead not only to a too dense spectrum at low energy but also to a wrong grouping into bands. Using a geometrical mapping, a triangular structure for 12C and a tetrahedral structure in 16O in the ground state is obtained by using the indistinguishably of the α-particles.
Analysis of states in 13C and their cluster structure
Authors: Lombardo I. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Accurate studies on 13C spectroscopy have great impact in the present understanding of the role played by extra-neutrons in stabilizing α-cluster structures formed in light nuclei. Carbon-13 is in fact the simplest systems that can be formed by adding a neutron to make a triple-α molecular-like structure. The accurate spectroscopy of excited states at energies above the α emission threshold is fundamental to benchmark the calculations of theoretical models aiming to describe clustering in light nuclei.
To improve our knowledge of 13C structure, we performed a comprehensive R-matrix fit of α+9Be elastic and inelastic scattering data in the energy region Eα
≈ 3:510 MeV at several backward polar angles. To carefully determine the partial decay widths of states above the α-decay threshold we included in the fit also 9Be(α n)12C cross section data taken from the literature. This analysis allows to improve the (poorly known) spectroscopy of excited states in 13C in the Ex
≈ 12-17 MeV region, and tentatively suggests the presence of a large-deformation negative-parity molecular band.
Simulation study of the

p¯p→∑¯0Λ

reaction with PANDA at FAIR
Authors: Perez-Andrade G. , Schönning Karin , Andersson W.I. , Jenny Regina 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The PANDA experiment will be one of the pillars of the new Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR), which is currently under construction in Darmstadt, Germany. PANDA will be a fixed-target experiment which will allow the study of non-perturbative phenomena of the strong interaction. These will be probed in antiproton-proton collisions in the momentum range of 1.5 - 15 GeV/c. Within the PANDA physics program, strangeness production will be addressed through

p
¯

p
→

Y
¯

Y

processes. Measurements of the

p
¯

p
→

∑
¯

0

Λ

channel for its comparison with the existing data of the

Λ
¯

Λ

channel are highly encouraged to study the role of isospin symmetry in hadron production dynamics. This work consists on a simulation study focusing on the feasibility of measuring the

p
¯

p
→

∑
¯

0

Λ

channel at PANDA.
Method for assessing the adequacy of a crankshaft strain state model
Authors: Belchev S , Todorov K , Chekelov G , Petkov D 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Using the Finite Element Method (FEM) in the SolidWorks software environment, the strain crankshaft state is modelled. The assessment of the adequacy of the model by experimental crankshaft in a running engine is complex and is possible for a small number of control points. The method shown proposes to replace the variable crankshaft strains in motion by examining a static strain state of the crankshaft. The results obtained show a high degree of adequacy of the model. The differences can be minimised by specifying the physical properties of the material used in the simulation, taking into account the elasticity of the supports.
Research on the Possibility of Increasing the Power Output of a High - Speed Diesel Engine by Adding Compressed Natural Gas
Authors: Bogdanov K , Dimitrov R 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The paper presents studies on a high-speed diesel engine driven by added CNG (compressed natural gas) in order to increase its power. The effects of the amount of CNG added on the engine performance have been studied. Throughout the tests the effective performance and pollution emission indicators of ICE (Internal Combustion Engine), the cylinder pressure, etc. were measured. Under all operating conditions the diesel fuel consumption per hour and the rotation speed have remained constant. The amount of CNG added is variable. As a result of the research, relations have been established concerning the overall efficiency, the air to fuel ratio for steady-state performance and smoke opacity. An increase in CO, NOx and HC emissions has been recorded and at the same time the amount of CO2 released has decreased. Both the maximum pressure in the combustion chamber and the pressure rise rate increase which results in rising the engine performance harshness. When CNG has been added in quantity about 47% of the total amount of fuel, the peak value is achieved. The influence of the amount of added gas fuel on the calculated gross heat release rate has been determined. The maximum heat release rate does not change significantly. The nature of the combustion process does not change either. In conclusion, findings validate the possibility to achieve up to 30 % higher maximum rated power by adding 56% CNG mass fraction of the total amount of fuel. Provided the amount of CNG is up to 48% of the total amount of fuel, the ICE ecological indicators have not been deteriorated, furthermore the power has been increased by up to 20%.
Effects of condition and sperm competition risk on sperm allocation and storage in neriid flies
Authors: Wylde Zachariah , Crean Angela , Bonduriansky Russell 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEjaculate traits can be sexually selected and often exhibit heightened condition-dependence. However, the influence of sperm competition risk in tandem with condition-dependent ejaculate allocation strategies is relatively unstudied. Because ejaculates are costly to produce, high-condition males may be expected to invest more in ejaculates when sperm competition risk is greater. We examined the condition-dependence of ejaculate size by manipulating nutrient concentration in the juvenile (larval) diet of the neriid fly Telostylinus angusticollis. Using a fully factorial design we also examined the effects of perceived sperm competition risk (manipulated by allowing males to mate first or second) on the quantity of ejaculate transferred and stored in the three spermathecae of the female reproductive tract. To differentiate male ejaculates, we fed males nontoxic rhodamine fluorophores (which bind to proteins in the body) prior to mating, labeling their sperm red or green. We found that high-condition males initiated mating more quickly and, when mating second, transferred more ejaculate to both of the female’s posterior spermathecae. This suggests that males allocate ejaculates strategically, with high-condition males elevating their ejaculate investment only when facing sperm competition. More broadly, our findings suggest that ejaculate allocation strategies can incorporate variation in both condition and perceived risk of sperm competition.
Multicenter Study of the Accuracy of the BD MAX Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis Assay for Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex and Mutations Associated With Resistance to Rifampin and Isoniazid
Authors: Shah Maunank , Paradis Sonia , Betz Joshua , Beylis Natalie , Bharadwaj Renu , Caceres Tatiana , Gotuzzo Eduardo , Joloba Moses , Mave Vidya , Nakiyingi Lydia , Nicol Mark P , Pradhan Neeta , King Bonnie , Armstrong Derek , Knecht Deborah , Maus Courtney E , Cooper Charles K , Dorman Susan E , Manabe Yukari C 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Tuberculosis (TB) control is hindered by absence of rapid tests to identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and detect isoniazid (INH) and rifampin (RIF) resistance. We evaluated the accuracy of the BD MAX multidrug-resistant (MDR)-TB assay (BD MAX) in South Africa, Uganda, India, and Peru.

Methods
Outpatient adults with signs/symptoms of pulmonary TB were prospectively enrolled. Sputum smear microscopy and BD MAX were performed on a single raw sputum, which was then processed for culture and phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST), BD MAX, and Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert).

Results
1053 participants with presumptive TB were enrolled (47% female; 32% with human immunodeficiency virus). In patients with confirmed TB, BD MAX sensitivity was 93% (262/282 [95% CI, 89–95%]); specificity was 97% (593/610 [96–98%]) among participants with negative cultures on raw sputa. BD MAX sensitivity was 100% (175/175 [98–100%]) for smear-positive samples (fluorescence microscopy), and 81% (87/107 [73–88%]) in smear-negative samples. Among participants with both BD MAX and Xpert, sensitivity was 91% (249/274 [87–94%]) for BD MAX and 90% (246/274 [86–93%]) for Xpert on processed sputa. Sensitivity and specificity for RIF resistance compared with phenotypic DST were 90% (9/10 [60–98%]) and 95% (211/222 [91–97%]), respectively. Sensitivity and specificity for detection of INH resistance were 82% (22/27 [63–92%]) and 100% (205/205 [98–100%]), respectively.

Conclusions
The BD MAX MDR-TB assay had high sensitivity and specificity for detection of MTB and RIF and INH drug resistance and may be an important tool for rapid detection of TB and MDR-TB globally.
The modified Ross Reversal operation: a new approach for preserving the autograft wall
Authors: Horikoshi Rihito , Kitamura Tadashi , Miyaji Kagami 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The Ross Reversal operation is a breakthrough strategy first reported by Flynn et al. in 2007. In a reoperation for pulmonary autograft dysfunction after the Ross operation, an excised autograft can be preserved by reusing it in a native pulmonary position. We report a case wherein we used a new approach to excise the autograft valve with less invasion. The patient underwent a modified Ross Reversal operation concomitant with aortic root replacement and recovered without any complications. Our new approach enables a safer operation with improved valve function.
Differences of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor, palbociclib and abemaciclib, in breast cancer
Authors: Tamura Kenji 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBoth palbociclib and abemaciclib are, oral, highly selective inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6, which are proteins involved in cell differentiation and growth. In pivotal phase III trials (PALOMA and MONARCH), they demonstrated a significant improvement in median progression-free survival in combination with a nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor in the first-line, and with a fulvestrant in the second-line in hormone receptor-positive and HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer, respectively. Both palbociclib and abemaciclib were approved, however, ribociclib, the third cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor, has not been approved in Japan. The overall benefits from palbociclib and abemaciclib seem to be equivalent. Subsets analyses suggest that clinical benefits of palbociclib are associated with bone-only disease at baseline, no measurable disease, sensitive to previous endocrine therapy and longer disease-free interval. In contrast, additional benefits from abemaciclib in combination with nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor or fulvestrant seem to have a relationship with visceral disease, liver metastasis, primary resistant to endocrine therapy, and short treatment-free interval. Abemaciclib induces senescence and apoptosis more than palbociclib does in a time-dependent manner and has potential to produce tumor shrinkage by single use. Neutropenia is more frequent in palbociclib, in contrast, diarrhea, nausea, and liver dysfunction are frequent in abemaciclib. In this review, we provide an overview of the two kinds of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor, which were already approved in Japan. These differences might be useful information for the proper use in daily practice.
On the Fly: Interactions Between Birds, Mosquitoes, and Environment That Have Molded West Nile Virus Genomic Structure Over Two Decades
Authors: Duggal Nisha K , Langwig Kate E , Ebel Gregory D , Brault Aaron C 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) was first identified in North America almost 20 yr ago. In that time, WNV has crossed the continent and established enzootic transmission cycles, resulting in intermittent outbreaks of human disease that have largely been linked with climatic variables and waning avian seroprevalence. During the transcontinental dissemination of WNV, the original genotype has been displaced by two principal extant genotypes which contain an envelope mutation that has been associated with enhanced vector competence by Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae) and Culex tarsalis Coquillett vectors. Analyses of retrospective avian host competence data generated using the founding NY99 genotype strain have demonstrated a steady reduction in viremias of house sparrows over time. Reciprocally, the current genotype strains WN02 and SW03 have demonstrated an inverse correlation between house sparrow viremia magnitude and the time since isolation. These data collectively indicate that WNV has evolved for increased avian viremia while house sparrows have evolved resistance to the virus such that the relative host competence has remained constant. Intrahost analyses of WNV evolution demonstrate that selection pressures are avian species-specific and purifying selection is greater in individual birds compared with individual mosquitoes, suggesting that the avian adaptive and/or innate immune response may impose a selection pressure on WNV. Phylogenomic, experimental evolutionary systems, and models that link viral evolution with climate, host, and vector competence studies will be needed to identify the relative effect of different selective and stochastic mechanisms on viral phenotypes and the capacity of newly evolved WNV genotypes for transmission in continuously changing landscapes.
West Nile Virus: Veterinary Health and Vaccine Development
Authors: Bosco-Lauth Angela M , Bowen Richard A 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWest Nile virus (WNV) (Flaviviridae: Flavivirus) was discovered in Africa more than 80 yr ago and became recognized as an avian pathogen and a cause of neurologic disease in horses largely during periodic incursions into Europe. Introduction of WNV into North America stimulated great anxiety, particularly in the equine industry, but also for pet owners and livestock producers concerned about the effect of WNV on other domestic animals. Numerous subsequent studies of naturally occurring and experimentally induced disease greatly expanded our understanding of the host range and clinical consequences of WNV infection in diverse species and led to rapid development and deployment of efficacious vaccines for horses. In addition to humans, horses are clearly the animals most frequently affected by serious, sometimes lethal disease following infection with WNV, but are dead-end hosts due to the low-magnitude viremia they develop. Dogs, cats, and livestock species including chickens are readily infected with WNV, but only occasionally develop clinical disease and are considered dead-end hosts for the virus.
Excito-repellency Activity of Andrographis paniculata (Lamiales: Acanthaceae) Against Colonized Mosquitoes
Authors: Sukkanon Chutipong , Karpkird Thitinun , Saeung Manop , Leepasert Theerachart , Panthawong Amonrat , Suwonkerd Wannapa , Bangs Michael J , Chareonviriyaphap Theeraphap 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Excito-repellency activity of plant extracts have been increasingly studied as mosquito repellents. In this study, the crude extract of Andrographis paniculata was evaluated for its noncontact repellency, contact excitation (irritancy + repellency), and knockdown/toxicity response against five colonized mosquitoes; Aedes aegypti (L.), Aedes albopictus (Skuse), Anopheles dirus Peyton & Harrison, Anopheles epiroticus Linton & Harbach, and Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) using an excito-repellency assay system under laboratory-controlled conditions. The escape responses were observed at four different concentrations (0.5–5.0% w/v) with A. paniculata showing strong spatial repellency against Ae. albopictus (96.7% escape) and Ae. aegypti (71.7% escape) at the 2.5% and 0.5% concentrations, respectively. At 0.5% and 5.0% concentrations, the greatest repellency was seen for An. dirus (48.2% escape) and Cx. quinquefasciatus (59.7% escape), respectively. Comparatively, low repellency action was observed against An. epiroticus (1.6–15.0% escape). Escape in contact assays (before adjustment) was generally less pronounced compared to noncontact spatial repellency, with Ae. albopictus showing highest percent escape (71.4% escape) in the contact assay at 1.0% concentration. After adjusting for spatial repellency, escape due to contact irritancy alone was either not present or an insignificant contribution to the overall avoidance response for all species. No knockdown or mortality at 24-h postexposure was observed in any trials. These findings indicate that the A. paniculata crude extract is more active against day-biting mosquitoes; however, this may be a reflection of the time of testing. This study demonstrates compelling evidence that A. paniculata extract performs primarily as a spatial repellent. Further investigations exploring the use A. paniculata as a potential active ingredient in repellent products are needed.
Introduction, Spread, and Establishment of West Nile Virus in the Americas
Authors: Kramer Laura D , Ciota Alexander T , Kilpatrick A Marm 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe introduction of West Nile virus (WNV) to North America in 1999 and its subsequent rapid spread across the Americas demonstrated the potential impact of arboviral introductions to new regions, and this was reinforced by the subsequent introductions of chikungunya and Zika viruses. Extensive studies of host–pathogen–vector–environment interactions over the past two decades have illuminated many aspects of the ecology and evolution of WNV and other arboviruses, including the potential for pathogen adaptation to hosts and vectors, the influence of climate, land use and host immunity on transmission ecology, and the difficulty in preventing the establishment of a zoonotic pathogen with abundant wildlife reservoirs. Here, we focus on outstanding questions concerning the introduction, spread, and establishment of WNV in the Americas, and what it can teach us about the future of arboviral introductions. Key gaps in our knowledge include the following: viral adaptation and coevolution of hosts, vectors and the virus; the mechanisms and species involved in the large-scale spatial spread of WNV; how weather modulates WNV transmission; the drivers of large-scale variation in enzootic transmission; the ecology of WNV transmission in Latin America; and the relative roles of each component of host–virus–vector interactions in spatial and temporal variation in WNV transmission. Integrative studies that examine multiple factors and mechanisms simultaneously are needed to advance our knowledge of mechanisms driving transmission.
Phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae) from a Urban Park of Belém, Pará State, Northern Brazil and Potential Implications in the Transmission of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: Sánchez Uzcátegui Yetsenia D V , Vasconcelos Dos Santos Thiago , Silveira Fernando T , Ramos Patricia K S , Dos Santos Eduardo José M , Póvoa Marinete M 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In urban ecotourism parks, the life cycle of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) agents can remain established, where phlebotomines may comprise potential risks for visitors. The present study aimed to survey the phlebotomine fauna of a forest park ‘Bosque Rodriques Alves-Jardim Botânico da Amazônia’ (BRAJBA), in the urban area of Belém, Brazil. The park was monthly surveyed in 2018 using CDC light traps placed in ground and canopy strata. Leishmania spp. isolated from dissected females were characterized by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR-RFLP) analysis. Fluctuations in specimen capture were correlated with rainfall. Nyssomyia antunesi (Coutinho, 1939) was predominant for all surveyed ecotopes and capture methods in both areas. Females of Ny. antunesi resting on tree bases were observed attempting to bite researchers during early morning. One Bichromomyia flaviscutellata (Mangabeira, 1942) and one Trichophoromyia brachipyga (Mangabeira, 1942) were found naturally infected by flagellates. Only the strain from Th. brachipyga was isolated and characterized as Leishmania (Viannia) lainsoni Silveira, Shaw, Braga and Ishikawa, 1987. Monthly fluctuations of the three most abundant species, Ny. antunesi, Trichophoromyia ubiquitalis (Mangabeira, 1942) and Th. brachypiga, had statistically significant negative correlations with rainfall. The present study provided further information to better understand ACL ecology in the Belém urban area, where the urban parks surveyed appeared to offer potential risk of contracting the disease, thus requiring environmental management. These observations highlighted the need for including Ny. antunesi, Bi. flaviscutellata, Th. ubiquitalis, and Th. brachypiga in the priority list for continuous entomological surveillance.
Case of Extranodal Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type, Presenting With Intravascular Localization of Tumor Cells in Skin Biopsies From Both Plaque and Normal-Appearing Skin: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Obara Koya , Amoh Yasuyuki 
Published: September 2019

Abstract:
Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL-NT), is a rare subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma associated with Epstein–Barr virus. This type of lymphoma is rare in Western countries but is more frequent in East Asia and Latin America. ENKTL-NT mostly occurs in the nose and paranasal area, including the upper aerodigestive tract. The skin is the second-most commonly involved organ. ENKTL-ET is characterized by an angiocentric, angiodestructive pattern of growth with ulceration and necrosis evident on histopathological examination. We provide the first description of ENKTL-NT presenting with intravascular localization of tumor cells in skin biopsies from both plaque and normal-appearing skin. Random skin biopsy might thus be useful for early diagnosis, staging, and estimation of prognosis in ENKTL-NT. Moreover, the current case indicates that ENKTL-NT and intravascular natural killer/T-cell lymphoma may represent related diseases.