bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INEVITABLE GRAPHS AND PROFINITE TOPOLOGIES: SOME SOLUTIONS TO ALGORITHMIC PROBLEMS IN MONOID AND AUTOMATA THEORY, STEMMING FROM GROUP THEORY
Authors: STEINBERG BENJAMIN 
Published: July 2002

This paper deals with several algorithmic problems in monoid and automata theory arising from group theory. For H a pseudovariety of groups, we give a characterization of the regular elements of the H-kernel of a finite monoid. In particular, we show that if the extension problem for partial one-to-one maps for H is decidable, then so is the set of regular elements of the H-kernel. The extension problem for partial one-to-one maps for H asks if there is an algorithm to determine, given a finite set X and a set S of partial one-to-one maps on X, whether there is a finite set Y containing X so that each of the maps of S can be extended to permutations of Y in such a manner that the group generated by these permutations is in H. This problem is decidable for the pseudovariety of p-groups and nilpotent groups. We explore some other examples here. We also show that if the above problem is decidable, then so is the membership problem for JⓜH. Some applications to the membership problem for J*H are given. Finally, we show that certain pseudovarieties of groups, including the pseudovarieties of p-groups for p prime, are hyperdecidable. The techniques used here lay the groundwork for several future results on problems of this nature.
CONVERT
Authors: Shu Nan C. , Housel Barron C. , Lum Vincent Y. 
Published: July 2002

This paper describes a high level and nonprocedural translation definition language, CONVERT, which provides very powerful and highly flexible data restructuring capabilities. Its design is based on the simple underlying concept of a form which enables the users to visualize the translation processes, and thus makes data translation a much simpler task.
“CONVERT” has been chosen for conveying the purpose of the language and should not be confused with any other language or program bearing the same name.
Local networks
Authors: Stallings William 
Published: July 2002

The rapidly evolving field of local network technology has
produced a steady stream of local network products in recent years.
The IEEE 802 standards that are now taking shape, because of their
complexity, do little to narrow the range of alternative technical
approaches and at the same time encourage more vendors into the
field. The purpose of this paper is to present a systematic,
organized overview of the alternative architectures for and design
approaches to local networks.
The key elements that determine the cost and performance of a
local network are its topology, transmission medium, and medium
access control protocol. Transmission media include twisted pair,
baseband and broadband coaxial cable, and optical fiber. Topologies
include bus, tree, and ring. Medium access control protocols
include CSMA/CD, token bus, token ring, register insertion, and
slotted ring. Each of these areas is examined in detail,
comparisons are drawn between competing technologies, and the
current status of standards is reported.
A Parametric Approach to Orthographic Processing in the Brain: An fMRI Study
Authors: Tagamets M. -A. , Novick Jared M. , Chalmers Maria L. , Friedman Rhonda B. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Brain activation studies of orthographic stimuli typically start with the premise that different types of orthographic strings (e.g., words, pseudowords) differ from each other in discrete ways, which should be reflected in separate and distinct areas of brain activation. The present study starts from a different premise: Words, pseudowords, letterstrings, and false fonts vary systematically across a continuous dimension of familiarity to English readers. Using a one-back matching task to force encoding of the stimuli, the four types of stimuli were visually presented to healthy adult subjects while fMRI activations were obtained. Data analysis focused on parametric comparisons of fMRI activation sites. We did not find any region that was exclusively activated for real words. Rather, differences among these string types were mainly expressed as graded changes in the balance of activations among the regions. Our results suggests that there is a widespread network of brain regions that form a common network for the processing of all orthographic string types.
'TO HOLD THE HAND OF THE WEAK': THE EMERGENCE OF CONTRACTUAL JUSTICE IN THE EGYPTIAN CIVIL LAW
Authors: Bechor Guy 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn this essay I argue that the Egyptian Civil Code of 1949 sought to minimize the polarization of Egyptian society and to forge a new community based on the concepts of compassion, forgiveness and fairness. To this end the New Code abandoned the liberal/individualistic tendency of its predecessors, which, it claimed, was destructive to Egyptian society. Instead, the New Code advocated a contractual sociological approach that upholds the weak stratum in society.
Die Deianeira der Trachinierinnen und die Euripideische Medeia
Authors: Schmakeit I.A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe plots of Sophocles' Women of Trachis and Euripides' Medea show some striking similarities, which so far have only been investigated concerning the priority of one of the plays. After tracing back the mythological tradition of both stories, this article focuses on the characterization of the two central female figures in both plays, Deianira and Medea, who in spite of facing similar situations and choosing similar means (poisoned gifts) show different intentions. Both figures describe the problematic social position of women at a point where their own status as a married wife is in danger. They are conscious of the surrounding society, but whereas Medea, like many male dramatic figures, is eager to avoid the laughter of her enemies, Deianira regards the rules of a "shame culture" in a different way, assuming that good and bad attitudes only exist when others see them. Her intention is to re-establish her old position, but she fails and then has to kill herself to regain her honor. Medea on the contrary wants revenge, kills all her victims intentionally, and brings her plans to a successful end. Some thoughts about the author's intentions lying behind these characterizations end the discussion.
THE PROBLEM OF PSALM LXXXVII
Authors: Emerton J.A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIt is better to try to make sense of the present order of the Hebrew text of Psalm lxxxvii than to rearrange it conjecturally. The psalm is commonly thought to say of some people, whether Jews or gentiles, that they were born in Zion, whereas they were really born elsewhere, but such a theory is implausible. Four alternative theories are examined, but none of them is found satisfactory. It is suggested that this psalm in honour of Zion speaks of the distinction of having been born in Zion rather than in any other place, no matter how important it may be. The distinction lies in the fact that Zion has been established by Yahweh and is his own city.
AN 'UNCOMFORTABLE INTERSECTION': THE MEETING OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AND RURAL ENVIRONMENTS IN THE POETRY OF SIMON ARMITAGE
Authors: Thain Marion 
Published: July 2002

AbstractSimon Armitage defines his own position as a poet as on the border where urban and rural environments meet. I explore how the influence of this geographical location can be traced in Armitage's poetry, both in its content, and in its form. The paper ends with a consideration of Armitage's hybrid poetic voice and how this too reflects a borderland identity.
Physico-chemical properties and mode of action of a signal from the symbiotic bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens inducing dauer juvenile recovery in the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora
Authors: Ehlers Ralf-Udo , Aumann Jens 
Published: July 2002

AbstractRecovery in entomopathogenic nematodes is the exit from the dauer juvenile stage. It is a response to environmental queues signalling the presence of food sources (e.g., insect haemolymph). The bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens excretes a signal which also induces recovery of its symbiotic Heterorhabditis bacteriophora dauer juveniles. This bacterial signal is composed of at least two compounds with different polarity. The symbiotic bacteria also secrete an antagonistic signal which inhibits nematode recovery. The recovery-inducing signal compounds have a molecular mass of less than 20 kDa and are negatively charged. The data indicate that at least one compound is smaller than 5 kDa. The bacterial signal triggers by receptor binding, the first step in a recovery-inducing muscarinic signalling pathway.
Interactions of imidacloprid with organicand inorganic- exchanged smectites
Authors: Cox L. , Hermosin M. C. , Koskinen W. C. , Cornejo J. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractSorption of the polar insecticide imidacloprid on organic-saturated octadecylammonium (C18) and dioctadecyldimethylammonium (DOD) and inorganic- (Fe- ) saturated Wyoming (W) and Arizona (A) montmorillonites has been investigated. Sorption isotherms were fitted to the Freundlich equation. Imidacloprid-montmorillonite complexes were studied by X-ray diffraction and FT-IR techniques. Imidacloprid sorption coefficients, Kf, decreased in the order WC18> AC18> WFe> WDOD≥ ADOD. The low layer charge and saturation by primary alkylammonium cation facilitates sorption of imidacloprid in the interlayer of the smectite, corroborated by the increase in basal spacing observed in X-ray diffraction patterns and by the presence of absorption band shifts in FT-IR spectra. Imidacloprid sorbs in the interlayer space of smectite mainly by hydrophobic interactions with the alkyl chains in organic smectites and with the uncharged siloxane surface in Fe(III)-smectite. Further polar bonds between the NO2 group of imidacloprid and the NH of the primary alkyl cations and protonation of imidacloprid in Fe-smectites enhanced sorption in these cases.
On the complex zonality in grandite garnets and implications
Authors: Ivanova T. I. , Shtukenberg A. G. , Punin Yu. O. , Frank-Kamenetskaya O. V. , Sokolov P. B. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe available data on compositional zoning in grossular-andradite (grandite) garnets occurring at different scales, mainly due to the variations of their Fe3+/Al ratios, and the hypotheses on the origin of this zoning are reviewed. Four zoned crystals of grandites showing different optical properties have been studied by means of X-ray diffraction. Optical and structural studies suggest three superimposed scales of Fe3+/Al zonality along [110]. The drastic change of the structural characteristics from sample to sample correlates with the change of their optical patterns. The superfine oscillatory zoning has been described in terms of irregular interstratified structures with a high degree of segregation. The self-affinity of zoning at different scales testify to the possible origin of the zonality due to the non-linear dynamics at the growth front. The wide variation of the layer compositions revealed by the modelling of the X-ray diffraction profiles seems to contradict the hypothesis of unmixing in grandite garnets.
Mineralogy of Pb-P grains in the roots of Agrostis capillaris L. by
ATEM and EXAFS
Authors: Cotter-Howells J. D. , Champness P. E. , Charnock J. M. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Analytical transmission electron microscopy (ATEM) and X-ray absorption
spectroscopy (XAS) have been used to determine the mineralogy of Pb-P deposits in
the roots of the heavy metal tolerant grass cultivar Agrostis
capillaris L. cv. Parys Mountain. The deposits have a
pyromorphite
(Pb5(PO4)3Cl)-type
structure and composition although some of the Cl may be substituted by OH.
Energy-dispersive mapping under the scanning electron microscope demonstrated that
the majority of these deposits are present in the outer cell wall of the epidermis
(the outermost layer of root cells). The phosphate composition of these grains
contrasts with the phytate
(C6H18O24P612−)
composition of Zn-P deposits observed in similar electron microscopy studies. The
physiological role of heavy metal P deposits is unclear. Heavy metal P
precipitates may form actively as a tolerance mechanism to heavy metals or
passively, sequestering P in a metabolically inactive form.
Platelet-derived microparticles bind to hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and enhance their engraftment
Authors: Janowska-Wieczorek Anna , Majka Marcin , Kijowski Jacek , Baj-Krzyworzeka Monika , Reca Ryan , Turner A. Robert , Ratajczak Janina , Emerson Steven G. , Kowalska M. Anna , Ratajczak Mariusz Z. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Because human CD34+ and murine Sca-1+hematopoietic stem–progenitor cells (HSPCs) express platelet-binding sialomucin P-selectin (CD162) and integrin Mac-1 (CD11b–CD18) antigen, it was inferred that these cells might interact with platelets. As a result of this interaction, microparticles derived from platelets (PMPs) may transfer many platelet antigens (CD41, CD61, CD62, CXCR4, PAR-1) to the surfaces of HSPCs. To determine the biologic significance of the presence of PMPs on human CD34+ and murine Sca-1+ cells, their expressions on mobilized peripheral blood (mPB) and on nonmobilized PB- and bone marrow (BM)–derived CD34+ cells were compared. In addition, the effects of PMPs on the proliferation of CD34+ and Sca-1+ cells and on adhesion of HSPCs to endothelium and immobilized SDF-1 were studied. Finally, the hematopoietic reconstitution of lethally irradiated mice receiving transplanted BM mononuclear cells covered or not covered with PMPs was examined. It was found that PMPs are more numerous on mPB than on BM CD34+cells, do not affect the clonogenicity of human and murine HSPCs, and increase adhesion of these cells to endothelium and immobilized SDF-1. Moreover, murine BM cells covered with PMPs engrafted lethally irradiated mice significantly faster than those not covered, indicating that PMPs play an important role in the homing of HSPCs. This could explain why in a clinical setting human mPB HSPCs (densely covered with PMPs) engraft more rapidly than BM HSPCs (covered with fewer PMPs). These findings indicate a new role for PMPs in stem cell transplantation and may have clinical implications for the optimization of transplantations.
Finite‐Dimensional Adaptive Observer Design for Reaction Diffusion Equation With Large Output Delay
Authors: Ahmed‐Ali Tarek , Fridman Emilia , Cacace Filippo 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe goal of this paper is to present a new finite‐dimensional adaptive observer for some uncertain linear parabolic systems with delayed measurements. The observer is based on the modal decomposition approach and uses a classical persistent excitation condition. We prove that by using a finite‐dimensional state predictor, we ensure exponential convergence of both states parameters estimation error for arbitrary long constant delay.
Systematic Survey on Energy Conservation Using Blockchain for Sustainable Computing Challenges and Roadmaps
Authors: Rammohan S. Radha , Chakravarthi Komalavalli , Sharma Nipun , Sharma Swati , Natarajan Mallika 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis article proposes a comprehensive analysis of architectures that use blockchain technology to solve important aspects of computing sustainability, with an emphasis on scalability, resource utilization, transparency, and energy conservation. The research focuses on analyzing various structure which embraces decentralization and consensus principles, to redefine the computer infrastructure environment. The study highlights the technology that aids in improving scalability and resource utilization by decentralizing data storage and processing, relieving the load on centralized servers, and lowering the environmental effect of large‐scale data centers. This study's findings are significant in uncovering best practices and optimizing the environmental impact of blockchain technology by evaluating blockchain indicators such as scalability, resource utilization, transparency, and energy saving within the framework of sustainable computing. The project intends to assist in the development of resource‐efficient solutions, address scalability issues, and promote openness and accountability by evaluating the performance of various blockchain implementations. The findings help to promote the larger goal of connecting technical improvements, notably in blockchain, with global environmental goals. The research reveals that energy conservation is an important aspect of sustainability, and the different frameworks including techniques for optimizing energy consumption based on carbon footprint concerns, decentralization, and consensus methods are intended to prioritize energy‐efficient nodes and promote environmentally friendly practices, resulting in a greener computing ecosystem.
Negative Thermal Expansion Behavior Enabling Good Electrochemical‐Energy‐Storage Performance at Low Temperatures
Authors: Li Qiao , Yang Liting , Liang Guisheng , Yu Jiahui , Huang Shaowu , Wu Liming , Lin Chunfu , Che Renchao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMetal‐ion batteries (such as lithium‐ion batteries) are very popular energy‐storage devices nowadays. However, low temperatures cause their poor electrochemical kinetics and performance, significantly limiting their wide applications in cold environments. Here, we propose that electrochemical energy‐storage materials with negative‐thermal‐expansion (NTE) behavior can enable good low‐temperature electrochemical performance, which becomes a new strategy to tackle the low‐temperature issues of metal‐ion batteries. LiTi2(PO4)3 (LTP) with an a‐direction thermal expansion coefficient of −1.1×10− K−1 is used as a model material. As the temperature decreases, the transverse vibration of O atoms not only increases the transverse distances among O atoms connected to Li/Ti atoms, but also widens the Li+‐transport channels and enlarges the Li+‐insertion sites along the [12
] direction, which are mainly controlled by the lattice parameter a. Consequently, carbon‐coated LTP (C–LTP) retains good electrochemical performance at −10 °C, including fast Li+ diffusivity (84 % of that at 25 °C), large capacity (96 % of the theoretical capacity), and superior rate capability (83 % capacity retention at 5 C vs. 0.5 C). Moreover, the more open crystal structure of LTP at the lower temperature allows smaller maximum unit‐cell‐volume expansion, resulting in better cycling stability of C–LTP at −10 °C (96.8 % capacity retention over 1000 cycles at 2 C).
Bioactivity of fluorophenyl thiourea derivatives: Antioxidant efficacy and inhibition of key diabetes‐related enzymes
Authors: Bingöl Zeynebe 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThiourea structures, known for their wide‐ranging bioactivity, have significant potential in diabetes management. In this study, it was aimed to examine the antioxidant capacities of fluorophenyl thiourea derivative compounds and their inhibition studies on α‐amylase and α‐glycosidase enzyme activity. Antioxidant capacity was determined using Fe3+‐Fe+2, FRAP, and Cu2+‐Cu+ reducing analyses, DPPH· and ABTS·+ scavenging experiments. It was observed that fluorophenyl thiourea derivative compounds exhibited quite high antioxidant activity compared to standard antioxidants such as BHA, BHT, trolox, α‐tocopherol, and ascorbic acid. Additionally, this study investigated the inhibitory effects of the analysis molecules on α‐glycosidase and α‐amylase, which are enzymes associated with diabetes. Among these derivative molecules, 4‐fluorophenyl showed the highest inhibition on α‐amylase (IC50: 53.307 nM) and α‐glycosidase (IC50: 24.928 nM). These results highlight the potential of thiourea derivatives in enzyme inhibition and antioxidant therapy, making them promising candidates for diabetes management.
Fabrication and Characterization of Agar‐ and Seaweed‐Derived Biomembrane Films for Biomedical and Other Applications
Authors: Sudhakar Muthiyal Prabakaran , Nived Sureshkumar Ambika , Dharani Gopal 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study focused on seaweed‐based biomembrane development. The physical, mechanical, thermal, and biological properties of the fabricated films with different combinations of materials, such as agar, chitosan, poly(vinyl) alcohol (PVA), and quercetin, were characterized. The surface morphology of the films was analyzed using SEM. The maximum tensile strength (53.11 N/mm2), elongation at break (3.42%), and Young's modulus (15.52) of the biomembrane were recorded for the agar + chitosan combination. FT‐Raman analysis confirmed the functional groups shift between the biopolymer and plasticizer used in this study. TG‐DSC analysis of the biomembranes revealed a Tg in the range of 92.80°C–115°C. The maximum antioxidant activity was reported for quercetin (58.62%), and the maximum antimicrobial activity was observed for the chitosan and quercetin compounds against E. coli. A minimum hemolysis of 0.95% was achieved for the combination of agar + quercetin (AQ), agar + PEG (APE), Gracilaria corticata extract + PVA + quercetin (GCPQ) and agar + chitosan (AC) biomembranes. The minimum cytotoxicity of the biomembrane was 62.51% and 63.87% for Gracilaria corticata extract + PVA + quercetin (GCPQ), and agar + PVA, respectively. The proposed biomembrane films were found to be suitable for biomedical and packaging applications.
Reduced glutathione enhances adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cell engraftment efficiency for liver fibrosis by targeting TGFβ1/SMAD3/NOX4 pathway
Authors: Yu Shaoxiong , Wang Yingchao , Shi Yingjun , Yu Saihua , Zhao Bixing , Liao Naishun , Liu Xiaolong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractReduced glutathione (GSH) could reduce oxidative stress to improve adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADSC) engraftment efficiency in vivo. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Our goal is to investigate whether GSH enhances ADSC engraftment through targeting the TGFβ/SMAD3/NOX4 pathway. Liver fibrotic male mice were administrated GSH, setanaxib (STX), and SIS3 during ADSC transplantation. ADSC engraftment efficiency and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level were detected both in vivo and ex vivo. Biochemical analysis was used to analyze the content of superoxide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases (NOXs) in liver tissues. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting were used to examine the protein level of NOX1, NOX2, NOX4, transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGFβ1), SMAD3, and p‐SMAD3 in liver tissues. Additionally, the therapeutic efficacy of the ADSC transplantation was further investigated. We found that GSH significantly improved ADSC engraftment efficiency, which was closely related to the reduced ROS generation in liver tissues. However, the enhanced cell engraftment was abolished after the combined treatment with STX or SIS3. GSH could effectively reduce superoxide and NOXs content, and selectively inhibit NOX4 expression in liver tissues. The co‐localization results showed that GSH could reduce NOX4 expressed in activated hepatic stellate cells. Mechanistically, GSH down‐regulated TGFβ/SMAD3 signaling. More importantly, GSH enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of ADSC therapy in liver fibrotic mice. Taken together, GSH could improve the engraftment efficiency of ADSCs in liver fibrosis by targeting TGFβ1/SMAD3/NOX4 signaling pathway, which provides a new theoretical basis for GSH enhancing ADSC engraftment efficiency in liver diseases.