bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alterations in resting-state functional connectivity in patients with Crohn’s disease in remission
Authors: Hou Jiancheng , Mohanty Rosaleena , Nair Veena A. , Dodd Keith , Beniwal-Patel Poonam , Saha Sumona , Prabhakaran Vivek 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPrevious studies have found neural alterations in regions involved in cognitive and affective functions among Crohn’s disease (CD) patients. The present work recruited 18 CD patients and 18 age-gender matched healthy controls (HC) and specifically compared differences in resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) within the executive control network (ECN) which has been implicated in cognitive function and default mode network (DMN), which has been implicated in affective function. Additionally, we examined the correlations between RSFC in ECN and verbal fluency (VF) in both groups as well as RSFC in DMN and anxiety level in the CD group. Results showed significantly increased RSFC between the right middle frontal gyrus and right inferior parietal lobule in ECN, as well as increased RSFC between the right precuneus and right posterior cingulate cortex in DMN, among CD patients compared to HC. However, the correlations between ECN/DMN and behavioral scores in each group were not significant, which was possibility due to the limited sample size. These findings suggest that CD patients may experience changes in the connectivity patterns in ECN and DMN. Increased connectivity observed on these networks could be a potential biomarker of a neuropsychiatric manifestation of CD.
Single-molecule pull-out manipulation of the shaft of the rotary motor F1-ATPase
Authors: Naito Tatsuya M. , Masaike Tomoko , Nakane Daisuke , Sugawa Mitsuhiro , Okada Kaoru A. , Nishizaka Takayuki 
Published: May 2019

AbstractF1-ATPase is a rotary motor protein in which the central γ-subunit rotates inside the cylinder made of α3β3 subunits. To investigate interactions between the γ shaft and the cylinder at the molecular scale, load was imposed on γ through a polystyrene bead by three-dimensional optical trapping in the direction along which the shaft penetrates the cylinder. Pull-out event was observed under high-load, and thus load-dependency of lifetime of the interaction was estimated. Notably, accumulated counts of lifetime were comprised of fast and slow components. Both components exponentially dropped with imposed loads, suggesting that the binding energy is compensated by the work done by optical trapping. Because the mutant, in which the half of the shaft was deleted, showed only one fast component in the bond lifetime, the slow component is likely due to the native interaction mode held by multiple interfaces.
RAD sequencing sheds new light on the genetic structure and local adaptation of European scallops and resolves their demographic histories
Authors: Vendrami David L. J. , De Noia Michele , Telesca Luca , Handal William , Charrier Grégory , Boudry Pierre , Eberhart-Phillips Luke , Hoffman Joseph I. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRecent developments in genomics are advancing our understanding of the processes shaping population structure in wild organisms. In particular, reduced representation sequencing has facilitated the generation of dense genetic marker datasets that provide greater power for resolving population structure, investigating the role of selection and reconstructing demographic histories. We therefore used RAD sequencing to study the great scallopPecten maximusand its sister speciesP. jacobeusalong a latitudinal cline in Europe. Analysis of 219 samples genotyped at 82,439 single nucleotide polymorphisms clearly resolved an Atlantic and a Norwegian group withinP. maximusas well asP. jacobeus, in support of previous studies. Fine-scale structure was also detected, including pronounced differences involving Mulroy Bay in Ireland, where scallops are commercially cultured. Furthermore, we identified a suite of 279 environmentally associated loci that resolved a contrasting phylogenetic pattern to the remaining neutral loci, consistent with ecologically mediated divergence. Finally, demographic inference provided support for the twoP. maximusgroups having diverged during the last glacial maximum and subsequently expanded, whereasP. jacobeusdiverged around 95,000 generations ago and experienced less pronounced expansion. Our results provide an integrative perspective on the factors shaping genome-wide differentiation in a commercially important marine invertebrate.
Risk factors for in-brain local progression in elderly patients after resection of cerebral metastases
Authors: Munoz-Bendix Christopher , Rapp Marion , Mijderwijk Hendrik-Jan , von Sass Christiane , Dibué-Adjei Maxine , Cornelius Jan Frederick , Steiger Hans-Jakob , Turowski Bernd , Sabel Michael , Kamp Marcel A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntracranial metastases are the most frequent brain tumor with recurrence rates after treatment of around 40–60%. Age is still considered a determinant of treatment and prognosis in this pathology. Recent studies analyzing the impact of metastasectomy in elderly patients focused on reporting perioperative mortality and morbidity rates but not on the evaluation of oncological outcome parameters. Aim of this study is to determine risk factors for in-brain local recurrence after brain surgery in this sub-population. From October 2009 until September 2016 all patients aged 65 years and above with histopathologically confirmed metastasis after surgical resection were retrospectively studied. Clinical, radiological and perioperative information was collected and statistically analysed. Follow-up consisted of clinical and radiological assessment every 3-months following surgery. 78 patients were included, of these 50% were female (39 patients). Median age was 71 years (66–83). Early postoperative-MRI verified a complete surgical resection in 41 patients (52.6%) and showed a tumor-remnant in 15 patients (19.2%). In 22 patients the MRI result was inconclusive (28.2%). None of the patients experienced severe complications due to surgery. The median postoperative NIHSS was adequate 1 ± 1.4 (0–6), nonetheless, insignificantly improved in comparison to the preoperative NIHSS (p = 0.16). A total of 20 patients (25.6%) presented local recurrence. The only statistically significant factor for development of local in-brain recurrence after resection of cerebral metastases in patients above 65 years of age was a tumor-remnant in the early postoperative MRI (p = 0.00005). Median overall survival was 13 months. Local in-brain recurrence after surgical resection of a cerebral metastasis in patients above 65 years of age was 25.6%. In our analysis, tumor-remnant in early postoperative MRI is the only risk factor for local in-brain recurrence. Oncological parameters in the present cohort do not seem to differ from recent phase III studies with non-geriatric patients. Nevertheless, controlled studies on the impact of metastasectomy in elderly patients delivering high quality reliable data are required.
Oral somatosensatory acuity is related to particle size perception in chocolate
Authors: Breen Scott P. , Etter Nicole M. , Ziegler Gregory R. , Hayes John E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTexture affects liking or rejection of many foods for clinically relevant populations and the general public. Phenotypic differences in chemosensation are well documented and influence food choices, but oral touch perception is less understood. Here, we used chocolate as a model food to explore texture perception, specifically grittiness perception. In Experiment 1, the Just Noticeable Difference (JND) for particle size in melted chocolate was ~5 μm in a particle size range commonly found in commercial chocolates; as expected, the JND increased with particle size, with a Weber Fraction of ~0.17. In Experiment 2, individual differences in touch perception were explored: detection and discrimination thresholds for oral point pressure were determined with Von Frey Hairs. Discrimination thresholds varied across individuals, allowing us to separate participants into high and low sensitivity groups. Across all participants, two solid commercial chocolates (with particle sizes of 19 and 26 μm; i.e., just above the JND) were successfully discriminated in a forced-choice task. However, this was driven entirely by individuals with better oral acuity: 17 of 20 of more acute individuals correctly identified the grittier chocolate versus 12 of 24 less acute individuals. This suggests phenotypic differences in oral somatosensation can influence texture perception of foods.
Variations Within Normal Hearing Acuity and Speech Comprehension: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Ayasse Nicole D. , Penn Lana R. , Wingfield Arthur 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
Many young adults with a mild hearing loss can appear unaware or unconcerned about their loss or its potential effects. A question that has not been raised in prior research is whether slight variability, even within the range of clinically normal hearing, may have a detrimental effect on comprehension of spoken sentences, especially when attempting to understand the meaning of sentences that offer an additional cognitive challenge. The purpose of this study was to address this question.

Method
An exploratory analysis was conducted on data from 3 published studies that included young adults, ages 18 to 29 years, with audiometrically normal hearing acuity (pure-tone average < 15 dB HL) tested for comprehension of sentences that conveyed the sentence meaning with simpler or more complex linguistic structures. A product–moment correlation was conducted between individuals' hearing acuity and their comprehension accuracy.

Results
A significant correlation appeared between hearing acuity and comprehension accuracy for syntactically complex sentences, but not for sentences with a simpler syntactic structure. Partial correlations confirmed this relationship to hold independent of participant age within this relatively narrow age range.

Conclusion
These findings suggest that slight elevations in hearing thresholds, even among young adults who pass a screen for normal hearing, can affect comprehension accuracy for spoken sentences when combined with cognitive demands imposed by sentences that convey their meaning with a complex linguistic structure. These findings support limited resource models of attentional allocation and argue for routine baseline hearing evaluations of young adults with current age-normal hearing acuity.
Hiding in Plain Sight: Text Comprehension, Hyperlexia, and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Robertson Shari B. 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
Reading comprehension is a critical skill for success in academic, social, and vocational settings. However, comprehension problems for readers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are often overlooked during the period when most children are learning to read, masked by strong early decoding skills, a good memory for specific facts, and an understanding of concrete content. As students progress through the grades, the content of what they must read to be successful becomes increasingly complex and the comprehension deficit, present but unrecognized from the earliest interactions with text, is revealed. This article provides an overview of how the core deficits of individuals with ASD impact on the reading comprehension and academic success of older students.

Conclusion
Identification and intervention to address the underlying comprehension deficit has the potential to provide benefit in academic and personal pursuits of adolescent readers with ASD.
Polarimetric survey of main-belt asteroids
Authors: López-Sisterna C. , García-Migani E. , Gil-Hutton R. 
Published: May 2019

Aims.We present the results of a polarimetric survey of main-belt asteroids at Complejo Astronómico El Leoncito (CASLEO), San Juan, Argentina. The aims of this survey are to increase the database of asteroid polarimetry and to estimate the diversity in the polarimetric properties of asteroids.Methods.The survey began in 1995 and a second period began in 2013 using the CASPOL polarimeter with a more sensitive detector to study small asteroids, families, and special taxonomic groups. The data were obtained using this instrument at the 2.15 m telescope of CASLEO.Results.We present 128 observations for 82 asteroids of different taxonomic types. These results revealed phase-polarization curves and polarimetric parameters for 20 asteroids, amounting to a total of 135 objects with sufficient good data in the Catalogue of Asteroid Polarization Curves. Using the values obtained for the objects with a taxonomic classification, we obtained the mean polarimetric parameters for 19 taxonomic types and the Barbarians. The asteroids with large mean scatter separation distances have a minimum of the phase-polarization curve greater than − 1%, slopes at the inversion angle of less than 0.12−0.15% per degree, and perihelion distances 1.8 <q< 2.5 au; these measurements indicate the asteroids could have high or moderate albedos and that they are objects with perihelia in the inner asteroid belt. These large mean scatter separation distance values could be the result of an electrostatic mechanism acting on the small grains of the regolith, a manifestation of a coherent backscattering mechanism, or the result of a surface formed by a mixture of dark and bright particles.
Magnetic fields in M dwarfs from the CARMENES survey
Authors: Shulyak D. , Reiners A. , Nagel E. , Tal-Or L. , Caballero J. A. , Zechmeister M. , Béjar V. J. S. , Cortés-Contreras M. , Martin E. L. , Kaminski A. , Ribas I. , Quirrenbach A. , Amado P. J. , Anglada-Escudé G. , Bauer F. F. , Dreizler S. , Guenther E. W. , Henning T. , Jeffers S. V. , Kürster M. , Lafarga M. , Montes D. , Morales J. C. , Pedraz S. 
Published: May 2019

Context. M dwarfs are known to generate the strongest magnetic fields among main-sequence stars with convective envelopes, but we are still lacking a consistent picture of the link between the magnetic fields and underlying dynamo mechanisms, rotation, and activity.
Aims. In this work we aim to measure magnetic fields from the high-resolution near-infrared spectra taken with the CARMENES radial-velocity planet survey in a sample of 29 active M dwarfs and compare our results against stellar parameters.
Methods. We used the state-of-the-art radiative transfer code to measure total magnetic flux densities from the Zeeman broadening of spectral lines and filling factors.
Results. We detect strong kG magnetic fields in all our targets. In 16 stars the magnetic fields were measured for the first time. Our measurements are consistent with the magnetic field saturation in stars with rotation periods P < 4 d. The analysis of the magnetic filling factors reveal two different patterns of either very smooth distribution or a more patchy one, which can be connected to the dynamo state of the stars and/or stellar mass.
Conclusions. Our measurements extend the list of M dwarfs with strong surface magnetic fields. They also allow us to better constrain the interplay between the magnetic energy, stellar rotation, and underlying dynamo action. The high spectral resolution and observations at near-infrared wavelengths are the beneficial capabilities of the CARMENES instrument that allow us to address important questions about the stellar magnetism.
The Ratio of Factor VIIa:Tissue Factor Content within Microvesicles Determines the Differential Influence on Endothelial Cells
Authors: Madkhali Yahya , Featherby Sophie , Collier Mary , Maraveyas Anthony , Greenman John , Ettelaie Camille 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTissue factor (TF)-positive microvesicles from various sources can promote cellular proliferation or alternatively induce apoptosis, but the determining factors are unknown. In this study the hypothesis that the ratio of fVIIa:TF within microvesicles determines this outcome was examined. Microvesicles were isolated from HepG2, BxPC-3, 786-O, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-7 cell lines and microvesicle-associated fVIIa and TF antigen and activity levels were measured. Human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) were incubated with these purified microvesicles, or with combinations of fVIIa-recombinant TF, and cell proliferation/apoptosis was measured. Additionally, by expressing mCherry-PAR2 on HCAEC surface, PAR2 activation was quantified. Finally, the activation of PAR2 on HCAEC or the activities of TF and fVIIa in microvesicles were blocked prior to addition of microvesicles to cells. The purified microvesicles exhibited a range of fVIIa:TF ratios with HepG2 and 786-O cells having the highest (54:1) and lowest (10:1) ratios, respectively. The reversal from proapoptotic to proliferative was estimated to occur at a fVIIa:TF molar ratio of 15:1, but HCAEC could not be rescued at higher TF concentrations. The purified microvesicles induced HCAEC proliferation or apoptosis according to this ruling. Blocking PAR2 activation on HCAEC, or inhibiting fVIIa or TF-procoagulant function on microvesicles prevented the influence on HCAEC. Finally, incubation of HCAEC with recombinant TF resulted in increased surface exposure of fVII. The induction of cell proliferation or apoptosis by TF-positive microvesicles is dependent on the ratio of fVIIa:TF and involves the activation of PAR2. At lower TF concentrations, fVIIa can counteract the proapoptotic stimulus and induce proliferation.
Reframing knowledge: A comparison of OECD and World Bank discourse on public governance reform
Authors: De Francesco Fabrizio , Guaschino Edoardo 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
As knowledge producers and transfer agents, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the World Bank (WB) rely on their own research infrastructures to promote the dissemination public governance reform. To enhance their authority and legitimacy, they frame their economic knowledge through prominent documents that set the agenda for policy advisory activities and practices. This paper suggests that the influence of epistemic communities on the extent of change in these international organisations’ agenda-setting depends on their institutional determinants, namely mandate, knowledge production processes and knowledge validation procedures. Both IOs strategically select their preferred sources of expert knowledge. The OECD refers to technical expertise to enhance its new public management agenda through adjustments. The WB is attuned to economic expertise, resulting in transformations of knowledge frames.
Improving data splitting for classification applications in spectrochemical analyses employing a random-mutation Kennard-Stone algorithm approach
Authors: Morais Camilo L M , Santos Marfran C D , Lima Kássio M G , Martin Francis L 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Motivation
Data splitting is a fundamental step for building classification models with spectral data, especially in biomedical applications. This approach is performed following pre-processing and prior to model construction, and consists of dividing the samples into at least training and test sets; herein, the training set is used for model construction and the test set for model validation. Some of the most-used methodologies for data splitting are the random selection (RS) and the Kennard-Stone (KS) algorithms; here, the former works based on a random splitting process and the latter is based on the calculation of the Euclidian distance between the samples. We propose an algorithm called the Morais-Lima-Martin (MLM) algorithm, as an alternative method to improve data splitting in classification models. MLM is a modification of KS algorithm by adding a random-mutation factor.

Results
RS, KS and MLM performance are compared in simulated and six real-world biospectroscopic applications using principal component analysis linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA). MLM generated a better predictive performance in comparison with RS and KS algorithms, in particular regarding sensitivity and specificity values. Classification is found to be more well-equilibrated using MLM. RS showed the poorest predictive response, followed by KS which showed good accuracy towards prediction, but relatively unbalanced sensitivities and specificities. These findings demonstrate the potential of this new MLM algorithm as a sample selection method for classification applications in comparison with other regular methods often applied in this type of data.

Availability and implementation
MLM algorithm is freely available for MATLAB at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7393517.v1.
Decompositions of dependence for high-dimensional extremes
Authors: Cooley D , Thibaud E 
Published: May 2019

Summary
We propose two decompositions that help to summarize and describe high-dimensional tail dependence within the framework of regular variation. We use a transformation to define a vector space on the positive orthant and show that transformed-linear operations applied to regularly-varying random vectors preserve regular variation. We summarize tail dependence via a matrix of pairwise tail dependence metrics that is positive semidefinite; eigendecomposition allows one to interpret tail dependence in terms of the resulting eigenbasis. This matrix is completely positive, and one can easily construct regularly-varying random vectors that share the same pairwise tail dependencies. We illustrate our methods with Swiss rainfall and financial returns data.
Cost-effectiveness and Budgetary Impact of Hepatitis C Virus Testing, Treatment, and Linkage to Care in US Prisons
Authors: Assoumou Sabrina A , Tasillo Abriana , Vellozzi Claudia , Eftekhari Yazdi Golnaz , Wang Jianing , Nolen Shayla , Hagan Liesl , Thompson William , Randall Liisa M , Strick Lara , Salomon Joshua A , Linas Benjamin P 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) testing and treatment uptake in prisons remains low. We aimed to estimate clinical outcomes, cost-effectiveness (CE), and budgetary impact (BI) of HCV testing and treatment in United States (US) prisons or linkage to care at release.

Methods
We used individual-based simulation modeling with healthcare and Department of Corrections (DOC) perspectives for CE and BI analyses, respectively. We simulated a US prison cohort at entry using published data and Washington State DOC individual-level data. We considered permutations of testing (risk factor based, routine at entry or at release, no testing), treatment (if liver fibrosis stage ≥F3, for all HCV infected or no treatment), and linkage to care (at release or no linkage). Outcomes included quality-adjusted life-years (QALY); cases identified, treated, and cured; cirrhosis cases avoided; incremental cost-effectiveness ratios; DOC costs (2016 US dollars); and BI (healthcare cost/prison entrant) to generalize to other states.

Results
Compared to “no testing, no treatment, and no linkage to care,” the “test all, treat all, and linkage to care at release” model increased the lifetime sustained virologic response by 23%, reduced cirrhosis cases by 54% at a DOC annual additional cost of $1440 per prison entrant, and would be cost-effective. At current drug prices, targeted testing and liver fibrosis–based treatment provided worse outcomes at higher cost or worse outcomes at higher cost per QALY gained. In sensitivity analysis, fibrosis-based treatment restrictions were cost-effective at previous higher drug costs.

Conclusions
Although costly, widespread testing and treatment in prisons is considered to be of good value at current drug prices.