bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patrones de inversión y negocios en Buenos Aires en la primera mitad del siglo XIX: la trayectoria de Tomás Manuel de Anchorena
Authors: Hora Roy 
Published: March 2018

Este artículo examina la trayectoria de Tomás Manuel de Anchorena con el objetivo de analizar cómo la elite económica porteña respondió a la crisis de independencia. Habitualmente se afirma que la destrucción del orden sobre el cual la elite mercantil colonial había basado su primacía económica forzó a este grupo a desplazarse del comercio a la producción agropecuaria. Los Anchorena, que en esas décadas se convertirían en la principal familia terrateniente argentina, son usualmente descriptos como un ejemplo paradigmático de este giro del comercio hacia la tierra. Sin embargo, la evidencia aquí presentada sugiere que esta interpretación debe ser revisada. Un examen cuidadoso de los papeles de Tomás Manuel de Anchorena sugiere que, más bien que especializarse en la producción rural, este gran capitalista apostó a colocar sus activos en distintas esferas de actividad: comercio, finanzas, renta urbana, producción agropecuaria. Este artículo intenta demostrar que el patrón de inversiones diversificado que caracteriza a Anchorena surgió como una respuesta empresaria ante la marcada inestabilidad que signó la vida económica rioplatense en la primera mitad del siglo XIX.
A herança "sesmeira-pecuarista" e seus reflexos sobre o desenvolvimento atual: o caso de Encruzilhada do Sul-RS, segundo uma abordagem de sistemas agrários
Authors: Ribas Rafael Perez , Miguel Lovois de Andrade 
Published: March 2018

No estudo da herança "sesmeira-pecuarista" de Encruzilhada do Sul, constata-se que ela pautou em muito as históricas relações existentes entre pequenos e grandes produtores rurais e o atual nível de desenvolvimento municipal. Através de uma abordagem voltada para os sistemas agrários, o presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar a origem desta herança, fazendo uma reflexão sobre suas conseqüências atuais. O fato é que, mais recentemente, a concentração de terras, reforçada pelo modelo modernizador, constitui-se num entrave estrutural a outros modelos de desenvolvimento, com uma maior inclusão dos mais diversos produtores rurais. Grande parte dos municípios da região sul do Rio Grande do Sul passaram por um processo semelhante de ocupação e formação, já que estes locais foram construídos socialmente dentro de um espaço e de um tempo comum.
resenhas bibliográficas / book reviews
Authors: Funari Pedro Paulo A. 
Published: March 2018

A histórica econômica da escravidão te m avançado muito, nos últimos anos, tanto no Brasil, como no estrangeiro (e.g. Elbl, 2004 ; Florentino , 2002). Multiplicam-se tanto os estudos de caso, com o os estudos mais amplos, e os dois volumes aqui reunidos correspondem bem a estas duas vertentes. Pétré-Grenouilleau, historiador econômico, autor de outros clássicos sobre o tráfico negreiro (Pétré-Grenouilleau 1995 ; 1996 ; 1997 ; 1998), apresenta uma visão macroscópica do comércio de cativos africanos, com a novidade de inseri-lo em um contexto histórico mais amplo e anterior à expansão marítima européia . Atribui a "invenção " do tráfico negreiro ao mundo muçulmano, a partir do século VII d.C. e calcula que , até o final do século XX , cerca de 14 milhões de pessoas tenham sido deportadas para terras islâmicas, da África do Norte ao Extremo Oriente. A entrada em cena do tráfico atlântico insere-se, portanto, em uma tradição muito anterior e que forneceu a base para sua efetivação, com um total estimado de 11.698.000 pessoas traficadas no Atlântico entre 1450 e 1900.
Incentivos à localização em Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (os séculos XIIi-XVI)
Authors: Mourão Paulo Jorge Reis 
Published: March 2018

Este trabalho debruça-se sobre a importância dada aos incentivos à localização, na região de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (Portugal), durante os séculos XII a XVI. Procura testar a hipótese de que a actualização dos incentivos é condicionante da atractividade dos concelhos. Para o efeito recorre a um modelo sugerido tradicionalmente no contexto da localização industrial. Como resultados da evidência documental, conclui que, no período em consideração, a presença de incentivos actualizados era relevante nas decisões descentralizadas, especialmente contempladas nos documentos intitulados "Forais".
Trayectorias divergentes, finales convergentes, un análisis comparativo de la crisis y control estatal de dos empresas argentinas: Siam y Winco
Authors: Pamin Graciela , Rougier Marcelo 
Published: March 2018

No final dos anos 1960 e no inicio dos anos 1970, um grupo de empresas privadas da Argentina, expressivas nos seus ramos de produção, foram colocadas em xeque pela crise económica. Militas delas procuraram proteger-se sob uma lei chamada "Regime especial de ajuda às empresas nacionais cora dificuldades econômicas", regulamentada durante o governo do general J.C. Onganía, em 1968. Apesar dos benefícios que esta lei outorgava, algumas destas firmas não puderam recuperar-se e ficaram sob o controle estatal. Baseado em fontes primárias, este artigo estuda o caso de duas firmas emblemáticas da indústria argentina, SIAM e WINCO. Embora as diferenças nas trajetórias produtivas de ambas tenham sido notáveis, seu destino final seria o mesmo: a passagem do controle das mãos privadas ao Estado, para sua posterior liquidação, num contexto de uma política económica que pretendia reduzir a intervencão do setor público na economia.
Os mineiros em Santa Catarina: emprego, salários, relação capital x trabalho e produtividade da mão-de-obra (1980-1999)
Authors: Dos Santos Maurício Aurélio 
Published: March 2018

Dentre os reflexos da crise econômica do final da década de 1980 e início da década de 1990, bem como da adoção do receituário neoliberal que deu sinais já no governo Sarney (1985-1989), mas que passou a dirigir a política econômica nos governos de Collor e Fernando Henrique Cardoso, houve conseqüências marcantes ao mercado de trabalho no Sul de Santa Catarina. No setor carbonífero, que vivia desde Vargas sob a proteção estatal, o mercado de trabalho foi o primeiro a sofrer as conseqüências com as primeiras variações negativas no estoque de vagas, já em meados da década de 1980. Entretanto sua maior crise vai ocorrer justamente na década de 1990, com a desregulamentação da atividade e com as privatizações, que envolveram tanto diretamente o setor, como na Carbonífera Próspera, como indiretamente, com no Lavador de Capivari, na Indústria Carboquímica Catarinense e na Usina Termelétrica Jorge Lacerda. Além da redução drástica das vagas no mercado de trabalho, com mudança significativa na posição do setor carbonífero na oferta de vagas ao mercado de trabalho do Sul de Santa Catarina, ocorreu a precarização das condições de trabalho, com redução das rendas do trabalho e com o enfraquecimento dos sindicatos e das lutas dos trabalhadores mineiros.
Induksi Rimpang Mikro Kaempferia parviflora secara In Vitro dengan Penambahan BAP dan Sukrosa
Authors: Kafindra Lefin , Khumaida Nurul , Wahyuning Ardie Sintho 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTKaempferia parviflora is a medicinal plant that contains secondary metabolites and effective in alleviating some diseases. Rapid multiplication of K. parviflora through its rhizome is hampered by the long period needed to produce the rhizome. The objectives of this research were to obtain the best sucrose concentration and to determine the best BAP concentration in the in vitro microrhizome induction of K. parviflora. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with two factors and three replications. The first factor was BAP concentration, consisted of three levels i.e. 0, 2, and 4 mg L1. The second factor was sucrose concentration, consisted of four levels i.e. 0, 30, 60, and 90 g L1. Data obtained were analyzed by F-test, followed by DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) at 5% significant level. Sucrose concentration significantly affected the number of shoots and plantlets fresh weight. The results showed that K. parviflora could form micro rhizome in vitro, as indicated by similar anatomical structure compared to the rhizome produced in vivo. K. parviflora cultured in MS medium containing 90 g L1sucrose without BAP had the highest number of micro rhizome at 8 weeks after culture.Keywords: health, black galingale, traditional medicine ABSTRAKKaempferia parviflora merupakan tanaman obat yang mengandung metabolit sekunder dan berkhasiat untuk mengobati berbagai macam penyakit. Perbanyakan K. parviflora menggunakan rimpang terkendala oleh lamanya waktu untuk memproduksi rimpang di lapang, yaitu mencapai 8 bulan setelah tanam. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah memperoleh konsentrasi sukrosa terbaik dan konsentrasi BAP terbaik dalam induksi rimpang mikro K. parviflora. Percobaan ini disusun berdasarkan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak dengan dua faktor dan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah konsentrasi BAP dengan 3 taraf, yaitu 0, 2, dan 4 mg L1. Faktor kedua adalah konsentrasi sukrosa dengan 4 taraf, yaitu 0, 30, 60, dan 90 g L1. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji F dan apabila berpengaruh nyata, maka dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) pada taraf α= 5 %. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa K. parviflora dapat membentuk rimpang mikro in vitro. Hal tersebut ditunjukkan oleh struktur anatomi rimpang mikro yang serupa dengan rimpang in vivo. K. parviflora yang dikulturkan pada media MS yang mengandung 90 g L1sukrosa tanpa BAP memiliki jumlah rimpang mikro tertinggi pada 8 MSP.Kata kunci: kesehatan, kencur hitam, obat tradisional
Kriteria Kemasakan Buah Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) IPB Callina dari Beberapa Umur Panen
Authors: Taris M. Luthfan , Widodo Winarso D. , Suketi Ketty 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTPapaya is one of the climacteric fruit that has a short shelf life. It has high potential as a source of vitamins and minerals. This research was aimed at studying the maturity criteria of postharvest ripeness of Callina papaya fruit of several picking ages and to determine the best picking ages for postharvest handling in order to extend the shelf life. Experiment was conducted in the Research Center for Tropical Horticulture, Bogor Agricultural University (PKHT, IPB) Papaya Farm Tajur, Bogor and postharvest ripening test was conducted at Postharvest Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Bogor Agricultural University in February to July 2014. Experiment consisted of 4 treatments: 115, 120, 125 and 130 days after anthesis (DAA) with 3 replications. The longest shelf life for papaya Callina was obtained by fruit picked at 115 DAA (heat unit 2010.06 0C day) with the shelf life of 8 days. Picking ages 120 DAA (heat unit 2102.13 0C day) was the best picking ages for treatment to extend the shelf life because of the good chemical quality contained and its shelf life of 7 days. The older papaya fruits ripened faster than the younger papaya fruit. Younger papaya has a lower respiration rate than the older papaya. Picking ages did not affect the physical quality but affect the chemical quality of papaya fruit at the same postharvest maturity level.Kata kunci: Callina, chemical quality, physical quality, shelf life ABSTRAK Pepaya merupakan salah satu buah klimakterik yang memiliki daya simpan pendek, tetapi memiliki potensi yang tinggi sebagai sumber vitamin dan mineral. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari kriteria kematangan pascapanen buah pepaya Callina dari beberapa umur panen dan menentukan saat panen terbaik untuk penanganan pascapanen dalam rangka memperpanjang masa simpan. Buah untuk percobaan diperoleh dari kebun pepaya Pusat Kajian Hortikultura Tropika, Institut Pertanian Bogor (PKHT, IPB) Tajur, Bogor dan pengujian kematangan pascapanen dilakukan di Laboratorium Pascapanen, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, Institut Pertanian Bogor pada bulan Februari - Juli 2014. Percobaan terdiri atas 4 perlakuan: 115, 120, 125 dan 130 hari setelah antesis (HSA) dengan 3 ulangan. Umur simpan terlama pepaya Callina diperoleh pada umur panen 115 HSA (satuan panas sebesar 2010.06 0C hari) dengan umur simpan 8 hari. Umur panen 120 HSA (satuan panas sebesar 2102.13 0C hari) merupakan umur panen terbaik untuk perlakuan memperpanjang umur simpan karena mutu kimia baik dengan umur simpan 7 hari. Buah pepaya yang dipanen tua lebih cepat masak dibandingkan dengan buah pepaya yang dipanen muda. Pepaya yang dipanen muda memiliki laju respirasi yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan pepaya yang dipanen tua. Umur panen tidak mempengaruhi mutu fisik tetapi mempengaruhi mutu kimia buah pepaya pada tingkat kematangan pascapanen yang sama.Kata kunci: Callina, mutu fisik, mutu kimia, umur simpan
Pengaruh Waktu Tanam Kubis (Brasssica oleraceae L. var capitata) dan Cabai (Capsicum annum L.) Terhadap Efisiensi Penggunaan Lahan Pada Sistem Tumpangsari
Authors: Herlina Ninuk , Hariyono Didik , Tri Margawati Dayu 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT The aim of this research was to determine the effects of planting time of cabbage on the growth and yield of cabbage and chilli and to determine the value of Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) in intercropping. The research was carried out in Juni to November 2015 at the Ngoran village, Nglegok district, Blitar. The methods used a Randomized Block Design, with 7 levels of planting time of cabbage, that is : P1 = Intercropping, cabbage planted 28 days before the chilli. P2 = Intercropping, cabbage planted 14 days before the chilli. P3 = Intercropping, cabbage and chilli are planted in the same time. P4 = Intercropping, cabbage planted 14 days after the chilli. P5 = Intercropping, cabbage planted 28 days after the chilli. P6 = cabbage monoculture and P7 = chilli monoculture. The results showed the time of planting cabbage did not significantly affect to growth and yield of chilli. Intercropping with cabbage planted 14-28 days before and after the chilli and cabbage plants are grown alongside chilli were able to increase the productivity of land. The highest LER in the treatment cabbage planted 28 days before the chilli (1.91).Keywords : intercropping cabbage and chilli, land equivalent ratio and planting time ABSTRAK Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan waktu tanam kubis dan cabai yang tepat sehingga dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kubis dan cabai dalam sistem tumpangsari serta menentukan nilai NKL (Nisbah Kesetaraan Lahan). Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni sampai November 2015 di Desa Ngoran, Kecamatan Nglegok, Kabupaten Blitar. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 7 perlakuan waktu tanam kubis, yaitu: P1 = Tumpangsari, kubis ditanam 28 hari sebelum cabai, P2 = Tumpangsari, kubis ditanam 14 hari sebelum cabai, P3 = Tumpangsari, kubis ditanam bersamaan dengan cabai, P4 = Tumpangsari, kubis ditanam 14 hari setelah cabai, P5 = Tumpangsari, kubis ditanam 28 hari setelah cabai, P6 = Penanaman kubis monokultur dan P7 = Penanaman cabai monokultur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan waktu tanam kubis tidak mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman cabai. Tumpangsari cabai dengan kubis yang ditanam 14-28 hari sebelum dan sesudah cabai serta kubis yang ditanam bersamaan dengan cabai mampu meningkatkan produktivitas lahan. NKL tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan waktu tanam kubis 28 hari sebelum cabai, yaitu sebesar 1.91. Kata kunci: nisbah kesetaraan lahan (NKL), tumpangsari cabai dan kubis dan waktu tanam
Perbedaan Waktu Panen Daun terhadap Produksi dan Kadar Flavonoid Tempuyung (Sonchus arvensis L.)
Authors: Hasan Fardyansjah , A. Aziz Sandra , Melati Maya 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT Perennial sow-thistle (Sonchus arvensis L.) has been traditionally used as a medicinal plant. It contains secondary metabolites with several functions mainly as antioxidant, and its ability to dissolve kidney stones. It is expected that proper harvest time could increase leaf production and secondary metabolites, especially flavonoids. This study aimed at determining harvest time and flavonoid production of Perennial Sow-thistle. The research was conducted in July 2015 to December 2015 at IPB Organic Farm Cikarawang, Dramaga, Bogor. This study used randomized block design with single factor namely harvest time and 3 replications. There were 4 harvest time treatments i.e. (1) leaves harvested gradually i.e. basal leaves at vegetative then upper leaves harvested at early generative stage, (2) leaves harvested gradually i.e. basal leaves at vegetative then upper leaves harvested at maximum generative stage, (3) basal leaves harvested together with upper leaves at early generative stage, and (4) basal leaves harvested together with upper leaves at maximum generative stage. The result showed that basal leaves were harvested at vegetative stage then stem leaves harvested at maximum generative stage produced the highest fresh weight of upper leaves. Total flavonoids content were found the highest in upper leaf when basal leaves harvested together with the upper leaves at budding and flowering. Keywords: leaf area, luteolin, nutrient content, organic ABSTRAKTempuyung (Sonchus arvensis L.) secara tradisional telah digunakan sebagai tumbuhan obat. Tempuyung mengandung metabolit sekunder dengan beberapa fungsi utama yaitu sebagai antioksidan dan peluruh batu ginjal. Diharapkan pengaruh waktu panen dapat meningkatkan produksi daun dan kandungan metabolit sekunder terutama flavonoid. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menentukan waktu panen dan produksi flavonoid tempuyung. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli sampai Desember 2015 di kebun percobaan IPB Cikarawang, Dramaga, Bogor. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok lengkap faktor tunggal yaitu waktu panen. Terdapat 4 perlakuan yang diulang sebanyak 3 kali yaitu: (1) panen daun secara bertahap (daun bawah saat vegetatif) dan kemudian daun atas dipanen saat terbentuk kuncup bunga, (2) panen daun secara bertahap (daun bawah saat vegetatif) dan kemudian daun atas dipanen setelah bunga mekar, (3) panen daun bawah bersamaan dengan daun atas saat terbentuk kuncup bunga, dan (4) panen daun bawah bersamaan dengan daun atas setelah bunga mekar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan panen daun bawah secara bertahap dan kemudian panen daun atas setelah bunga mekar menghasilkan bobot basah daun atas tertinggi. Panen daun secara bersamaan menghasilkan kadar flavonoid total daun atas tertinggi.Kata kunci: kadar hara, luas daun, luteolin, organik
Deteksi Awal Ketahanan Beberapa Aksesi Pisang Lokal dan Hasil Persilangan terhadap Penyakit Layu Fusarium (Foc VCG 01213/16 TR4)
Authors: Handayani Tri , Martanti Diyah , S. Poerba Yuyu , , Witjaksono 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTEarly detection for Fusarium wilt resistant of banana plants can be done at seedling phase under greenhouse condition. The purpose of early detection was to screen and evaluate some number of local and hybrid accession of banana plants for resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc VCG 01213/16 TR4 or Foc TR4). The treatments were done by immersing the root seedling in Fusarium inoculant at concentration of 106 conidia mL-1, for 2 hours, then planted in sterile sand media and placed in container with "double tray system". Experiments were performed using 15 accessions of banana i.e. 1 accession of wild musa (Musa acuminata var. malaccesis), 7 local accessions and 7 hybrid bananas. Based on greenhouse bioassay, banana Rejang#2 (AA) showed resistance to Foc TR4. The results were consistent in the field condition. Tetraploid plants for pisang Rejang#2 (AAAA) also showed resistant to Foc TR4. Cultivar Cavendish (AAA) and Madu (AA) showed highly susceptible; Ustrali (AAAB) and Goroho (AAA) showed susceptible to Foc TR4. Wild banana (Musa acuminata var. malaccensis) and Mas Jambe 4x (AAAA) showed moderate susceptible. Of the total 7 hybrids accession; 3 hybrids showed moderate susceptible, and 4 other hybrids showed susceptible to Foc TR4.Keywords: banana plants, early detection, Foc TR4, hybrid, local ABSTRAK Deteksi awal tingkat ketahananan tanaman pisang terhadap penyakit layu Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) dapat dilakukan pada masa pembibitan di rumah kaca. Penelitian bertujuan untuk evaluasi awal tingkat ketahanan beberapa aksesi pisang liar, pisang lokal dan pisang hasil persilangan terhadap penyakit layu Fusarium. Akar bibit pisang pada air yang berisi inokulan Fusarium (Foc VCG 01213/16 atau Foc TR4) pada konsentrasi 106 konidia mL-1, selama 2 jam yang selanjutnya ditanam pada media pasir steril dan diletakkan pada kontainer dengan pengaturan “double tray system”. Lima belas aksesi pisang yang terdiri atas 1 aksesi pisang liar (Musa acuminata var. malaccensis), 7 aksesi pisang budidaya dan 7 nomor pisang hasil persilangan dievaluasi tingkat ketahanan terhadap Foc TR4. Dari hasil pengujian di rumah kaca, pisang Rejang#2 (AA) menunjukkan status tahan terhadap penyakit layu Fusarium Foc VCG 01213/16 TR4 yang hasilnya sesuai dan stabil dengan tingkat ketahanannya di lapangan. Pisang Rejang#2 tetraploid (AAAA) juga menunjukkan status tahan terhadap Foc TR4. Pisang Madu (AA) dan Cavendish (AAA) menunjukkan hasil sangat rentan, sedangkan pisang Goroho (AAA) dan pisang Ustrali (AAAB) menunjukkan status rentan. Pisang liar Musa acuminata var. malaccensis (AA) dan pisang Mas Jambe 4x (AAAA) menunjukkan status agak rentan. Pada seleksi pisang hasil persilangan, didapatkan 3 nomor pisang hibrid dengan status agak rentan yakni 816 MDRK, 1060 MDRK, 2284 MMRK, sedangkan 4 nomor hibrid lainnya menunjukkan status rentan.Kata kunci: deteksi dini, Foc TR4, hibrid, lokal, pisang
Relaciones amonio/nitrato en soluciones nutritivas ácidas y alcalinas para arándano
Authors: Crisóstomo Crisóstomo María Natividad , Hernández Rodríguez Ofelia Adriana , López Medina José , Manjarrez Domínguez Carlos , Pinedo-Alvárez Alfredo 
Published: March 2018

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el crecimiento del arándano (Vaccinium sp.) cv. Biloxi, durante la fase vegetativa, con la aplicación de relaciones de NH4 +/NO3 - en soluciones nutritivas de Steiner ácidas y alcalinas a través de las variables: altura de la planta, longitud de brotes y la concentración nutrimental en tejido foliar. El experimento se condujo bajo un diseño en bloques completamente al azar con diez tratamientos y doce repeticiones; los análisis de varianza de las variables estudiadas se realizaron con el Proc GLM del SAS versión 8.2; para la comparación de medias se utilizó la prueba de Tukey (p< 0.05). Las plantas mostraron un mayor crecimiento cuando la relación NH4 +/ NO3 - fue 0/100 y pH de 5, en tanto que una relación NH4 +/NO3 - de 50/50 favoreció tanto la longitud como el tamaño de hojas solamente durante la semana1, sin mostrar significancia en las etapas posteriores. Respecto a las concentraciones nutrimentales en el tejido foliar, una relación NH4 +/NO3 - de 100/0 y pH 5 favoreció un mayor contenido de Ca y Mg (2.02 y 0.21%, respectivamente), así como de Mn y Zn (300 y 9.75 mg L-1, respectivamente); pero en el caso de K, el mayor contenido foliar de este elemento (4.97%) fue para las plantas con una relación NNH4 +/NO3 - de 0/100 y pH 6. Éstos resultados sugieren que el arándano cv. Biloxi es capaz de tomar N tanto en forma de NH4 + como de NO3 - durante la fase vegetativa.