bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of maternal dietary interventions for improving mother and infant health outcomes: an umbrella review protocol
Authors: Watterson Cheryl , MacDonald-Wicks Lesley , Collins Clare , Hutchesson Melinda , Shrewsbury Vanessa , Vincze Lisa , Heslehurst Nicola , Follong Berit 
Published: October 2018

Review question/objective:
The objective of this umbrella review is to determine the characteristics of dietary interventions delivered any time before, during or after pregnancy for women living in developed countries, identified in quantitative systematic reviews as effective for improving mother and infant health outcomes and feasible for translation into practice.
Specifically, the review will address the following questions:i) For which mother and infant health outcomes are dietary interventions occurring before, during or after pregnancy most effective and what harms are associated with dietary interventions in this population?ii) For each mother and infant health outcome in this population, what is the overall certainty in the findings and strength of recommendations which may assist in applying the research findings into practice?iii) What are the characteristics of effective dietary intervention in this population that have led to improvements in outcomes and may be feasible for translation into practice?

For the purpose of this overview, dietary interventions encompass the broad scope of dietary manipulations, including the direct provision of food and/or nutrients to participants, nutrition education, nutrition counseling, nutrition care teams, or any combination of these four intervention types.
Both a narrative and quantitative summary on the effect of maternal dietary interventions on maternal and infant health outcomes as compared with usual care will be provided. The quantitative summary of the maternal and infant outcomes will be supported by an appraisal of the certainty of evidence of the effects and the strength of the recommendations using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework.
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Sinus arrest with prolonged asystole due to the trigeminocardiac reflex during application of local anaesthetic in the nasal mucosa
Authors: Meuwly Cyrill , Leibundgut Gregor , Rosemann Thomas , Schaller Bernhard 
Published: October 2018

The trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR) is defined as a sudden onset of parasympathetic dysrhythmias during stimulation of the trigeminal nerve. We describe a peripheral variation of TCR during manipulation of the nasal mucosa. A 42-year-old patient suffering from severe obstructive sleep apnoea was scheduled for surgical treatment. After inducted anaesthesia, the surgeon infiltrated the nasal mucosa with a local anaesthetic. The patient immediately showed an asystole and was treated with ephedrine and five chest compressions, despite spontaneous sinus rhythm return after ceasing of manipulation. Treatment with atropine established this TCR episode and ensured an event-free surgery.The authors present here, for the first time, a prolonged asystole caused by the TCR, triggered by minimal manipulation of the nasal mucosa. This severe manifestation of peripheral TCR demonstrates its importance in daily clinical business. This case was treated according to a modified treatment algorithm for all subtypes of TCR which is presented here.
Newer technologies for detection of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Zungsontiporn Nath , Link Mark S 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTAtrial fibrillation is a common arrhythmia that is associated with increased risk of stroke, which can be reduced with appropriate anticoagulation treatment. However, it remains underdiagnosed in contemporary clinical practice using conventional detection methods, resulting in missed opportunities to implement appropriate treatment. Newer technologies developed in recent years can potentially enhance the detection of atrial fibrillation and overcome certain limitations of the conventional methods. However, uncertainties remain about their use and the significance of atrial fibrillation detected by some of these newer technologies. This review examines the evidence supporting the use of some of these technologies and evaluates their applications in certain clinical scenarios.
One-time application of biosolids to ungrazed semiarid rangelands: 14 yr soil responses
Authors: Avery E. , Krzic M. , Wallace B. , Newman R.F. , Smukler S.M. , Bradfield G.E. 
Published: October 2018

Biosolids have been shown to improve forage production and soil quality on semiarid rangelands in the short term, but less is known about longer-term impacts of one-time biosolids applications. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of a single, surface biosolids application (at 20 dry Mg ha−1) on stability of soil aggregates, bulk density, total carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), permanganate-oxidizable carbon (POXC), polysaccharides, pH, nutrient availability, and soil water content (all at 0–7.5 cm depth) 14 yr following application to ungrazed rangelands in the Central interior of British Columbia. Fourteen years following the biosolids application, aboveground plant biomass was almost two times greater with biosolids application than on control, while exposed mineral soil and microbiotic crust significantly decreased in biosolids plots. Despite differences in aboveground biomass, there was no difference in total soil C and N, POXC, and polysaccharides between biosolids and control plots. Biosolids-amended soil did exhibit significantly greater mean weight diameter of water-stable aggregates, lower pH, increased spring soil water content, and increased availability of Fe3+, Zn2+, Cu2+, and phosphate ions. These findings indicate that the long-term improvements to soil on ungrazed rangeland are possible even from a single biosolids application.
Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species–Induced Protein Modifications: Implication in Carcinogenesis and Anticancer Therapy
Authors: Moldogazieva Nurbubu T. , Lutsenko Sergey V. , Terentiev Alexander A. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Cancer is a complex disorder extremely dependent on its microenvironment and highly regulated by multiple intracellular and extracellular stimuli. Studies show that reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) play key roles in cancer initiation and progression. Accumulation of RONS caused by imbalance between RONS generation and activity of antioxidant system (AOS) has been observed in many cancer types. This leads to alterations in gene expression levels, signal transduction pathways, and protein quality control machinery, that is, processes that regulate cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. This review focuses on the latest advancements evidencing that RONS-induced modifications of key redox-sensitive residues in regulatory proteins, that is, cysteine oxidation/S-sulfenylation/S-glutathionylation/S-nitrosylation and tyrosine nitration, represent important molecular mechanisms underlying carcinogenesis. The oxidative/nitrosative modifications cause alterations in activities of intracellular effectors of MAPK- and PI3K/Akt-mediated signaling pathways, transcription factors (Nrf2, AP-1, NFκB, STAT3, and p53), components of ubiquitin/proteasomal and autophagy/lysosomal protein degradation systems, molecular chaperones, and cytoskeletal proteins. Redox-sensitive proteins, RONS-generating enzymes, and AOS components can serve as targets for relevant anticancer drugs. Chemotherapeutic agents exert their action via RONS generation and induction of cancer cell apoptosis, while drug resistance associates with RONS-induced cancer cell survival; this is exploited in selective anticancer therapy strategies. Cancer Res; 78(21); 6040–7. ©2018 AACR.
Association of Extrapyramidal Tracts’ Integrity With Performance in Fine Motor Skills After Stroke
Authors: Rimmele D. Leander , Frey Benedikt M. , Cheng Bastian , Schulz Robert , Krawinkel Lutz A. , Bönstrup Marlene , Braass Hanna , Gerloff Christian , Thomalla Götz 
Published: October 2018

Background and Purpose—
Tractography by diffusion tensor imaging has extended our knowledge on the contribution of damage to different pathways to residual motor function after stroke. Integrity of the corticospinal tract (CST), for example, has been identified to characterize and predict its course. Yet there is only scarce data that allow a judgment on the impact of extrapyramidal pathways between the basal ganglia on motor function poststroke. We aimed at studying their association with performance in fine motor skills after stroke.

Methods—
We performed probabilistic tractography and reconstructed nigro-pallidal tracts connecting substantia nigra and globus pallidus, as well as the CST in 26 healthy subjects. Resulting tracts were registered to the individual images of 20 patients 3 months after stroke, and their microstructural integrity was measured by fractional anisotropy. Clinical examination of the patients’ gross (grip force) and fine (nine-hole peg test) motor skills was performed 1 year after stroke. For assessment of factors influencing nine-hole peg test, we used a multivariate model.

Results—

Nigro-pallidal tracts were traceable in all participants, had no overlap to the CST and passed the nucleus subthalamicus. In stroke patients, nigro-pallidal tracts ipsilateral to the stroke lesion showed a significantly reduced fractional anisotropy (ratio, 0.96±0.02;
P
=0.021). One year after stroke, nine-hole peg test values were significantly slower for the affected hand, while grip force was comparable between both hands. Reduced integrity of the nigro-pallidal tracts was associated with worse performance in the nine-hole peg test (
P
=0.040), as was reduced integrity of the CST (
P
<0.001) and younger age (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—
Nigro-pallidal tracts with containing connections of the nucleus subthalamicus represent a relevant part of the extrapyramidal system and specifically contribute to residual fine motor skills after stroke beyond the well-known contribution of the CST. They may deliver supportive information for prediction of motor recovery after stroke.
Manifesting the Wisdom of God
Authors: Whetsel Zach 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This article examines the way James Buchanan (1804–1870) utilized the theological concept of the ordo salutis in order to counter challenges of antinomianism and neonomianism to Reformed soteriology. It seeks to place Buchanan in his historical context, while analyzing how his work can serve as a guide to contemporary debates concerning Reformed soteriology.
Resonance Scattering Effects in Wet Hail Observed with a Dual-X-Band-Frequency, Dual-Polarization Doppler on Wheels Radar
Authors: Kumjian Matthew R. , Richardson Yvette P. , Meyer Traeger , Kosiba Karen A. , Wurman Joshua 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTwo of the “Doppler on Wheels” facility radars (DOW6 and DOW7) have been upgraded to dual-polarization capabilities and operate at two closely spaced X-band frequencies. For particles with sizes that are large relative to the wavelength, resonance scattering effects may lead to differences in the backscattered radiation between these two frequencies. This study investigates the utility of dual-frequency, dual-polarization DOW radars for hail detection and sizing. T-matrix scattering calculations at the two X-band DOW7 frequencies reveal that dual-frequency differences in the radar reflectivity factors at horizontal polarization (ΔλZH) and differential reflectivities (ΔλZDR) exist for hailstones, whereas negligible differences exist for raindrops. These differences are enhanced for wet or melting hailstones. Further, these dual-frequency differences may be positive or negative, thereby defining four distinct quadrants in the ΔλZH–ΔλZDRparameter space that occur for narrow bands of hail sizes. DOW7 data from two hail-bearing storms are analyzed: one produced only small hail, and the other produced severe hail up to ~3.8 cm in diameter. The analysis reveals dual-frequency signals that are consistent with the scattering calculations for those sizes, including consistent changes in the signatures below the melting layer in the first storm as hailstones acquire more liquid meltwater and a shift in the ΔλZH–ΔλZDRparameter space over time as the second storm grew upscale and hail sizes decreased. Implications for further applications and suggestions about closely spaced dual-frequency observations at other wavelengths are discussed.
The Downward Influence of Sudden Stratospheric Warmings: Association with Tropospheric Precursors
Authors: White Ian , Garfinkel Chaim I. , Gerber Edwin P. , Jucker Martin , Aquila Valentina , Oman Luke D. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTropospheric features preceding sudden stratospheric warming events (SSWs) are identified using a large compendium of events obtained from a chemistry–climate model. In agreement with recent observational studies, it is found that approximately one-third of SSWs are preceded by extreme episodes of wave activity in the lower troposphere. The relationship becomes stronger in the lower stratosphere, where ~60% of SSWs are preceded by extreme wave activity at 100 hPa. Additional analysis characterizes events that do or do not appear to subsequently impact the troposphere, referred to as downward and non-downward propagating SSWs, respectively. On average, tropospheric wave activity is larger preceding downward-propagating SSWs compared to non-downward propagating events, and associated in particular with a doubly strengthened Siberian high. Of the SSWs that were preceded by extreme lower-tropospheric wave activity, ~2/3 propagated down to the troposphere, and hence the presence of extreme lower-tropospheric wave activity can only be used probabilistically to predict a slight increase or decrease at the onset, of the likelihood of tropospheric impacts to follow. However, a large number of downward and non-downward propagating SSWs must be considered (&gt;35), before the difference becomes statistically significant. The precursors are also robust upon comparison with composites consisting of randomly selected tropospheric northern annular mode (NAM) events. The downward influence and precursors to split and displacement events are also examined. It is found that anomalous upward wave-1 fluxes precede both cases. Splits exhibit a near instantaneous, barotropic response in the stratosphere and troposphere, while displacements have a stronger long-term influence.
Race in Older but Not Younger Patients Associated With Greater Glycemic Burden in Primary Care Patients
Authors: Tucker Jane L. , Zoberi Kimberly A. , Hooks-Anderson Denise R. , Salas Joanne , Scherrer Jeffrey F. 
Published: October 2018

Purpose The purpose of this study is to determine if race disparities in glycemic control differ in young vs older white and African American patients with diabetes. Methods Electronic medical record data were gathered from 1431 primary care patients ≥18 years old, diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, who had ≥2 A1C measurements between July 1, 2008, and June 30, 2015. A1C values were used to compute the average monthly glycemic burden (AMGB). AMGB is the average monthly cumulative amount of A1C >7.5. Age-stratified (18-50 vs >50 years old) linear regression models were computed to measure the association between race and AMGB before and after adjusting for covariates. Results Younger compared to older patients had significantly greater AMGB. In younger patients, AMGB was not significantly different in African American vs white patients. In older patients, African Americans had significantly greater AMGB compared to whites, and this association remained significant after adjusting for all covariates in a linear regression model. Conclusions Results narrow the known race disparity in glycemic control to older African American patients. Substantial AMGB in white and African American younger patients warrants aggressive clinical and public health interventions that could help patients manage their diabetes and reduce their risk for diabetes-related health conditions.
Decomposing Differences in Impacts on Survey- and Administrative-Measured Earnings From a Job Training Voucher Experiment
Authors: Moore Quinn , Perez-Johnson Irma , Santillano Robert 
Published: October 2018

Background: Differences in earnings measured using either survey or administrative data raise the question of which is preferred for program impact evaluations. This is especially true when the population of interest has varying propensities to be represented in either source. Objectives: We aim to study differences in impacts on earnings from a job training voucher experiment in order to demonstrate which source is most appropriate to interpret findings. Research design: Using study participants with survey-reported earnings, we decompose mean earnings differences across sources into those resulting from (1) differences in reported employment and (2) differences in reported earnings for those who are employed in both sources. We study factors related to these two sources of differences and demonstrate how impact estimates change when adjusting for them. Results: We find that differences in mean earnings are driven by differences in reported employment, but that differences in impacts are driven by differences in reported earnings for those employed in both data sources. Employment and worker characteristics explain much of the research group differences in earnings among the employed. Out-of-state employment, self-employment, and employment in low unemployment insurance (UI) coverage occupations contribute importantly to research group differences in survey- and UI-based employment levels. Employment in more than one job contributes to treatment group differences in earnings among the employed. All of these factors contribute substantially to the difference between survey- and UI-based earnings impact estimates. Conclusion: Findings underscore the relevance of UI coverage to estimated earnings impacts and suggest assessing employment impacts using both UI- and survey-based measures.
Riflessioni: Concerning demographic projections of urological cancer
Authors: Rimondi A.P. 
Published: October 2018

Changes in cancer incidence over time are the results of 2 factors. The first is the size and composition of the populations in the different areas: incidence rates are closely related to age, so any ageing of the populations will produce an increase in the crude incidence rates. The second factor is a change in the actual risk of different cancers, generally expressed as some form of age-standardized rate. The incidence rates and numbers of cases of urological cancers (excluding testicular cancer) are estimated in our province upon the actual size of the population and upon the projections of the same to the year 2015. Due to an increasing life-span, substantial increases in incidence rates were observed in the “elderly” group, especially in the age range 55–74 and over 75. The implications for cancer control and treatment will be discussed.
Customization of Avatars in a HPV Digital Gaming Intervention for College-Age Males: An Experimental Study
Authors: Darville Gabrielle , Anderson – Lewis Charkarra , Stellefson Michael , Lee Yu-Hao , MacInnes Jann , Pigg R. Morgan , Gilbert Juan E. , Thomas Sanethia 
Published: October 2018

Background.Digital games are increasingly popular among college age men and present themselves as an ideal platform to deliver HPV interventions. Customizing avatars in role playing games encourage intrinsic motivation in the learning process because of self-representation. Proteus Effect research suggests that the representations people make are an adaption of their actual/ ideal self and dictate how one conforms to the expectations and identity cues of their avatar. Objective/Purpose: This study evaluated the effectiveness of a digital gaming intervention aimed at increasing HPV risk perceptions, self- efficacy and behavioral intention to receive the HPV vaccine among college age men (18 - 26). Methods. This randomized control trial employed a 2 X 2 fully-crossed between subjects and tested the effects of avatar characters (assigned/customized) and perception of self (ideal/actual) on HPV risk perception, HPV vaccine self-efficacy and behavioral intent to receive the HPV vaccine. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four conditions. Results. A Factorial ANOVA with repeated measures and a between subjects’ factor (split plot) was used to test for the differences between the means of the outcome variables. Despite having no main or interaction effect our analysis did report a significant main effect of using a pre-post design with the experiment as a stimulus. Discussion/Conclusion. For experimental data, customizing an avatar to look like one’s actual self increases risk perception for the HPV virus and self – efficacy for the HPV vaccine whereas customizing an avatar to look like one’s ideal self increases one’s intent to receive the HPV vaccine.
Use of Local Flaps for Soft-Tissue Closure in Diabetic Foot Wounds: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ramanujam Crystal L. , Zgonis Thomas 
Published: October 2018

“A systematic review was undertaken to assess the outcomes of local random flaps in diabetic foot wound closure. The review was conducted using the following databases: Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Library, Excerpta Medica dataBASE, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, Ovid, and PubMed. Search terms were local random flap, diabetes, foot, wound, ulceration, neuropathy, tissue transfer, V-Y, bilobed, monolobed, rotational, advancement, transpositional, rhomboid, and Limberg. English language studies, studies published from 1997 to 2017, patients with diabetes mellitus treated for foot wounds, use of local random flaps, follow-up period of 6 months or more postoperatively, documentation of healing rates, complications, and need for revisional surgery were included. Isolated literature reviews and descriptions of only surgical technique and/or cadaveric studies were excluded. The initial search identified 53 eligible studies with 28 being excluded. The remaining 25 studies used for data extraction had a total of 512 patients in which 199 of these underwent 204 local random flap procedures. Average follow-up for the flaps was approximately >2 years, and successful wound closure at last follow-up was demonstrated in 75.5% of the studied population. Studies were found to be of generally low quality, with the majority composed of retrospective case series. Based on current available evidence found in this systematic review, local random flaps demonstrated a relatively high success rate when utilized for the definitive closure of diabetic foot wounds. However, because of a lack of high-quality evidence and substantial heterogeneity among the studies, the results should be interpreted with caution. Levels of Evidence: Level III: Systematic review