bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of active piezoresistive cantilevers in high-eigenmode surface imaging
Authors: Pruchnik Bartosz , Badura Dominik , Kopczyński Władysław , Czułek Dariusz , Rangelow Ivo W , Korpelainen Virpi , Sierakowski Andrzej , Yacoot Andrew , Gotszalk Teodor 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
One of the most important limitations of the atomic force microscopy (AFM) is scanning speed, whose high values are required for contemporary high-resolution, long-range diagnostic applications. The measurement bandwidth of an AFM depends on several factors, but usually results from the time constant of the oscillating cantilever, which is correlated with its resonance frequency and quality factor. We propose a method to overcome this problem by performing the surface measurements when the cantilever is vibrating in higher eigenmodes. In this paper we demonstrate the application of active piezoresistive cantilevers operating in this mode. The active piezoresistive cantilever comprises a piezoresistive deflection sensor, a deflection actuator and a nanotip. It is a complete micro-electro-mechanical system, ensuring the highest reliability of cantilever vibration control and detection. Higher eigenmode operations are usually difficult to implement as they usually result in lower deflection and lower sensitivity of the probe vibration deflection. Here we present an experimental modification of the structure of an active piezoresistive cantilever using focused ion beam machining that mitigates both weaknesses. This has enabled the cantilever to scan the surface at a scanning rate of 10 lines s−1 with a maximum speed of 500 μm s−1 and a data acquisition rate of 10 kS s−1, when the probe is vibrating at 380 kHz in the second eigenmode. We also describe a traceable calibration routine (based on analysis of the response of the piezoresistive detector, the output of the HeNe interferometer and precise control of the deflection actuator), together with the cantilever modification process and the development of the measurement setup. We show measurement results of dedicated calibration samples and silicon carbide crystal lattice references.
Assessment of a space and energy resolved diagnostic based on GEM technology on MAST-U
Authors: Celora A , Caruggi F , Putignano O , Cancelli S , Claps G , Cordella F , Garzotti L , Gorini G , Grosso G , Guiotto F , Lazzaro E , Nocente M , Pacella D , Perelli Cippo E , Rigamonti D , Rose E , Sarwar R , Scannell R , Scioscioli F , Tardocchi M , Croci G , Muraro A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A gas electron multiplier (GEM)-based detector was utilized for the first time on a spherical tokamak, MAST-U, during the 2023 campaign to investigate soft x-ray (SXR) radiation (1–20 keV) emitted from the plasma. GEM detectors, chosen for their resilience to harsh fusion environments and their ability to provide energy-resolved (

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at 8 keV) SXR emission images (with a spatial resolution of few centimeters) with sub-millisecond time resolution, are a relatively new diagnostic compared to standard semiconductor diodes. In this study, the GEM detector features a pinhole geometry outside the vacuum chamber and observes the plasma through a beryllium window. Filled with an ArCO2 mixture, the detector consists of an Aluminized Mylar cathode, three Aluminum-coated GEM foils, and an anode made of a 16 × 16 matrix of 6 mm2 pads for 2D readout. It employs custom GEMINI ASICs (Application Specific Integrated Circuits) for signal readout, enabling single photon-counting techniques with Time over Threshold analysis on each detector channel, for a maximum rate of 1 MHz per channel. Preliminary results from the 2023 campaign highlight the GEM detector’s ability to complement existing SXR camera systems by adding energy-resolved information to the spatial and temporal data. Case studies demonstrate the detector’s capability to capture Magnetohydrodynamic instabilities, such as Snake instabilities, while utilizing its energy-resolved measurements to analyze plasma events, including Internal Reconnection Events. Additionally, the GEM detector enables the estimation of Electron Temperature in Maxwellian plasmas from SXR measurements. These findings underscore the potential of the GEM-based diagnostic system to enhance the understanding of tokamak plasmas by providing simultaneous spatial, temporal, and energy-resolved insights.
Geometric feature extraction and its profile accuracy evaluation for pockets on curved aircraft skin from scanned point clouds
Authors: Bu Huahai , Huang Nuodi , Huang Jie , Liu Gang , Wang Yuhan , Zhu Limin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Dimension inspection is crucial for aircraft skin manufacturing and assembly. To meet weight loss and other functional requirements, large numbers of shallow pockets are distributed on the surface of thin-walled aircraft skin. It is difficult to evaluate the profile accuracy of the pockets, as the aircraft skin is composed of curved surfaces and its actual geometry is inconsistent with the nominal model. This study proposes a method to evaluate the profile and position accuracy for the pockets on aircraft skin utilizing point clouds obtained by 3D scanners. Firstly, the feature contour lines are identified and extracted from the scanned aircraft skin surface point clouds by adopting the local curvature-aware method and minimum bounding rectangle algorithm. Then, an algorithm is proposed to mitigate the contour identification deviations of the segmented area by employing the shortest geodesic distance and transition zone section projection, so as to enhance the measurement accuracy. Finally, the viability of the proposed method for evaluating pockets on aircraft skin is verified by the simulation, and the reliability and robustness of the proposed method are verified by the simulation and experiment. Experimental results show that the measurement accuracy of the pocket can be improved from 0.5 mm to 0.0505 mm, compared with traditional specialized conformation fixture methods.
High-precision automated processing of sequential images for high-speed videogrammetric measurement
Authors: Liu Xianglei , Zhang Yuqi , Yao Yuan , Li Shenglong , Chen Yuxin , Wang Runjie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
High-speed videogrammetric measurement is widely used in fields of structural health monitoring. However, it is difficult to perform efficient and accurate automation for the copious sequential images data. This paper proposes a novel high-precision automated sequential images processing method for high-speed videogrammetric measurement. First, a precision circular marker detection network model is proposed to detect circular marker, which can effectively address recognition challenges associated with small, dense, and deformed markers in complex scenarios with a precision of 99.37 and recall of 98.86. Second, a circular center tracker, utilizing Kalman filtering and the Hungarian matching algorithm, is presented to achieve highly automated sub-pixel tracking of marker centers with an root mean square error of 0.092 pixel. At last, a global confidence optimization matching strategy is put forward to attain precise automated stereo images matching with an accuracy of 94.48%. The results show that the proposed method can significantly advance the intelligence of high-speed videogrammetric measurement.
Experimental activities about heat conduction in metals
Authors: Valkanou Eleni–Maria , Starakis Ioannis , Zoupidis Anastasios 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper we describe two experimental activities regarding heat conduction in metals. The activities were designed according to the Predict-Observe-Explain strategy and are appropriate for primary and secondary school students. The aim is for the students to find out that heat is conducted at the same rate in all directions, regardless of the height difference from the heating point. The alternative idea attempted to be confronted through the aforementioned activities is that heat is considered a substance with fluid’s properties.
Tunable phonon–photon coupling induces double magnomechanically induced transparency and enhances slow light in an atom-opto-magnomechanical system
Authors: Amghar M′bark , Chabar Noura , Amazioug Mohamed 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We theoretically investigate the magnomechanically induced transparency phenomenon, Fano resonance and the slow–fast light effect in the situation where an atomic ensemble is placed inside the hybrid cavity of an opto-magnomechanical system. The system is driven by dual optical and phononic drives. We show double magnomechanically induced transparency in the probe output spectrum by exploiting the phonon–photon coupling strength. Then, we study the effects of the decay rate of the cavity and the atomic ensemble on magnomechanically induced transparency. In addition, we demonstrate that effective detuning of the cavity field frequency changes the transparency window from a symmetrical to an asymmetrical profile, resembling Fano resonances. Further, the fast and slow light effects in the system are explored. We show that the slow light profile is enhanced by adjusting the phonon–photon coupling strength. This result may have potential applications in quantum information processing and communication.
Polarization pinning at antiphase boundaries in multiferroic YbFeO3
Authors: Ren Guodong , Omprakash Pravan , Li Xin , Yun Yu , Thind Arashdeep S. , Xu Xiaoshan , Mishra Rohan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The switching characteristics of ferroelectrics and multiferroics are influenced by the interaction of topological defects with domain walls. We report on the pinning of polarization due to antiphase boundaries in thin films of the multiferroic hexagonal YbFeO3. We have directly resolved the atomic structure of a sharp antiphase boundary (APB) in YbFeO3 thin films using a combination of aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and total energy calculations based on density-functional theory (DFT). We find the presence of a layer of FeO6 octahedra at the APB that bridges the adjacent domains. STEM imaging shows a reversal in the direction of polarization on moving across the APB, which DFT calculations confirm is structural in nature as the polarization reversal reduces the distortion of the FeO6 octahedral layer at the APB. Such APBs in hexagonal perovskites are expected to serve as domain-wall pinning sites and hinder ferroelectric switching of the domains.
Spontaneous symmetry breaking in generative diffusion models*
Authors: Raya Gabriel , Ambrogioni Luca 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Generative diffusion models have recently emerged as a leading approach for generating high-dimensional data. In this paper, we show that the dynamics of these models exhibit a spontaneous symmetry breaking phenomenon that divides the generative dynamics into two distinct phases: (1) a linear steady-state dynamics around a central fixed-point and, (2) an attractor dynamics directed towards the data manifold. These two ‘phases’ are separated by the change in stability of the central fixed-point, with the resulting window of instability being responsible for the diversity of the generated samples. Using both theoretical and empirical evidence, we show that an accurate simulation of the early dynamics does not significantly contribute to the final generation, since early fluctuations are reverted to the central fixed point. To leverage this insight, we propose a Gaussian late initialization scheme, which significantly improves model performance, achieving up to 3× Fréchet inception distance improvements on fast samplers, while also increasing sample diversity (e.g. racial composition of generated CelebA images). Our work offers a new way to understand the generative dynamics of diffusion models that has the potential to bring about higher performance and less biased fast-samplers.
MSRR-T2I: Multi-Scale Reverse Residual for Text-to-Image
Authors: Wu Haowen , Wang Peng , Li Xiaoyan , Sun Bo , Sun Mengyu , Li Liangliang , Di Ruohai 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Text-generated image is a very challenging task in the artificial intelligence and machine learning. To address the problems of low quality and no-diversity in images generated by conventional text-generated approaches, a multi-scale reverse residual text-generated image network (MSRR-T2I) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the multi-scale residuals inverse structure is embedded into the fine image generation module to resolve the issue of loss of feature information when original residuals are reduced. Then, the information content of the feature map is extended, and the features of different resolutions are captured by multi-scale convolution. Finally, channel transformation technology is introduced to achieve cross-group information fusion and enhance image diversity. The test results of common CUB and COCO data sets indicate that compared with the original model ATTNGAN, the IS of MSRR-T2I increases by 8.7% and 8.4%, and the FID increases by 24.8% and 17.0%, respectively. Therefore, the proposed method is confirmed to be effective.
Transmission Coil Group Shaping for Wireless Magnetic Induction MISO Communication System
Authors: Lu Xinhang , Chen Chen , Ge Jiahao , Wang Peng , Zhang Yufang , Wang Bin , Li Xiaoyan , Xu Yuntao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Magnetic induction communication is a technology that utilizes magnetic field variations to transmit information. Compared to traditional electromagnetic wave communication, magnetic induction communication performs excellently in environments where electromagnetic waves are difficult to propagate, such as underwater and in soil. However, the current transmission rate of magnetic induction communication is relatively low. The magnetic induction MISO communication system addresses the issue of low transmission rates in cross-medium communication. However, it overlooks the impact of the transmission coil group arrangement on transmission rates. This paper investigates the effect of the transmission coil group arrangement on communication performance and proposes an arc-shaped magnetic induction MISO communication system. The transmission rate performance is analyzed, and the impact of the angle between the transmitting and receiving coils on the reception rate is studied. An expression for the channel gain increment is provided, along with its variation trend with the angle. When the position of the receiving coil is fixed, the expression yields the maximum increment of the shaped channel gain. Simulation results demonstrate that the data transmission rate of the shaped system is approximately 10% higher than that of the unshaped system.
Effect of exclusive enteral nutrition on gut microbiota in Malaysian children with Crohn’s disease
Authors: Wetthasinghe Linah , Fuh Ng Hien , Seang Chew Kee , Seah Lee Way 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Paediatric Crohn’s disease (pCD), once primarily observed in Western countries, is now experiencing a global increase in incidence rates. Southeast Asian nations, including Malaysia, are now witnessing a gradual increase in incidence of pCD. In addition to clinical symptoms, children with Crohn’s disease (CD) also have mental and emotional impairments. Children with CD experience gut microbiota dysbiosis. Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is the recommended first line treatment for mild-to-moderate pCD due to its multifaceted disease-modulating effects, including positive re-modulation of the diseased gut microbiota. However, there exists a critical knowledge gap regarding the understanding of gut microbiota dynamics in individuals with CD treated with EEN, particularly in Southeast Asian regions like Malaysia. This study aimed to fill this void by investigating the gut microbiota profile of Malaysian children with CD, making it the first of its kind in Malaysia. Using targeted 16S ribosomal DNA (16S rDNA) next-generation sequencing, the study identified a microbiota profile dominated by Fusobacterium nucleatum, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Fusobacterium mortiferum, Acidaminococcus, and Monoglobus among patients with pCD, with the latter three being newly identified in relation to pCD. Following successful EEN treatment, enrichment was observed in bacterial groups such as Lachnoclostridium, Parabacteroides, and Eubacterium fissicatena group. The groups of Clostridium sensu stricto 13 subterminale, Acetivibrio ethanolgignens group, and Robinsoniella peoriensis, which have not been previously associated with pCD, were also found to be increased following EEN treatment. While some similarities with previous literature were noted, Malaysians with pCD treated with EEN exhibited several novel bacterial groups associated both during disease and treatment. This study sheds light on the interplay between gut microbiota and pCD pathology, emphasising the versatility of nutritional therapy approaches in diverse populations. Further research in this area holds promise for refining treatment strategies and improving outcomes for pCD individuals, not only in Malaysia but globally.
Combating Illegal Trade of Monitor Lizards (Varanus spp) in Malaysia through DNA Barcoding Applications
Authors: Hartini Sariyati Nur , Ngadi Ehwan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Varanids, known as monitor lizards are traded as pet animal commodities and demand for skin trade especially in Southeast Asian countries. Given the significant demand in the international trade, accurate species identification is imperative for Varanids particularly endangered species to prevent misidentification and fraud in marketplaces as Varanids species exhibit morphological similarities. Therefore, advanced molecular technique is vital to facilitate accurate species identification especially for closely related species. Besides, few research have used cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) to track the genetic and phylogenetic analysis of Varanids. In this study, the COI mitochondrial DNA region was tested as a molecular marker for species identification of Malaysia monitor lizards using the DNA barcode. Two species were successfully identified from eight samples from Pantai Penyabong, Mersing, Johor which are V. salvator and V. nebulosus based on phylogenetic analysis (Neighbor-Joining, Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian Tree). This study showed that by using their relative genetic divergence and evolutionary links, DNA barcodes can aid in the species identification through molecular technique. Short sequences can be used to identify closely related species, and the possibility of species misidentification among the study’s samples should be taken into account. DNA barcoding techniques should be widely practised especially in wildlife forensics to facilitate precise wildlife identification and improve the efficiencies in combatting illegal wildlife trade in Malaysia.
Comparison of Virulence and Quorum Sensing Gene Expression between Planktonic and Biofilm Cells of Legionella pneumophila
Authors: Jie Chay Min , Fong Ngeow Yun , Han Kiat Ong Alan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Legionella pneumophila is a waterborne bacterium that has a life cycle consisting of a transmissive phase in which free-living cells spread in the external environment, and a replicative phase with cells multiplying within biofilms. The transition from one phase to another is regulated by the bacterium’s quorum sensing system. As this system also regulates virulence, laboratory cultures of L. pneumophila were used to compare the different expressions of virulence and quorum sensing genes in planktonic and biofilm cells using RT-qPCR assays. The results showed a down regulation of the icmK gene in biofilm cells but only insignificant differences in the expression of 10 other genes associated with filamentation, conjugation, adherence and motility. The two quorum sensing genes examined, lpg1057 and lpg2731, differed in their expression profiles in planktonic and biofilm cells. While their expression in planktonic cells increased from day 10 until day 15 of incubation, their expression in biofilm cells steadily declined after 10 days of incubation. This decrease in quorum sensing gene expression was shown to be associated with a decrease in cell density in the biofilm, thus suggesting that the trigger for the transition from the replicative phase to the transmissive phase is likely to be nutrient depletion in the biofilm.
EB-SUN, a new microtubule plus-end tracking protein in Drosophila
Authors: Kim Sun K. , Rogers Stephen L. , Lu Wen , Lee Brad S. , Gelfand Vladimir I. 
Published: October 2024

Microtubule (MT) regulation is essential for oocyte development. In Drosophila, MT stability, polarity, abundance, and orientation undergo dynamic changes across developmental stages. In our effort to identify novel microtubule-associated proteins that regulate MTs in the Drosophila ovary, we identified a previously uncharacterized gene, CG18190, which encodes a novel MT end-binding (EB) protein, which we propose to name EB-SUN. We show that EB-SUN colocalizes with EB1 at growing MT plus-ends in Drosophila S2 cells. Tissue-specific and developmental expression profiles from Paralog Explorer reveal that EB-SUN is predominantly expressed in the ovary and early embryos, while EB1 is ubiquitously expressed. Furthermore, as early as oocyte determination, EB-SUN comets are highly concentrated in oocytes during oogenesis. EB-SUN knockout (KO) results in decreased MT density at the onset of mid-oogenesis (stage 7) and delays oocyte growth during late mid-oogenesis (stage 9). Combining EB-SUN KO with EB1 knockdown (KD) in germ cells significantly further reduces MT density at stage 7. Hatching assays of single protein depletion reveal distinct roles for EB-SUN and EB1 in early embryogenesis, likely due to differences in their expression and binding partners. Notably, all eggs from EB-SUN KO/EB1 KD females fail to hatch, suggesting partial redundancy between these proteins.
Arithmetic
Authors: Danesi Marcel 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Alcuin’s arithmetic problems not only bring out essential properties of numbers and numerals, but also cultivate inquisitiveness about these properties. This chapter discusses the problems numbered 1, 15, 46, 49, 50, 52, and 53 in Alcuin’s Propositiones, in which arithmetic is highlighted. These stimulate fundamental arithmetical thinking, showing how it can be applied to common problems of life, such as dividing up an inheritance—a theme that was treated cleverly centuries later by the Italian mathematician Niccolò Tartaglia. Among the theoretical ideas that these problems embed are the number line and optimization. Also discussed in this chapter is the perceived relation between numeration and numerology, which was implied in several of the problems, focusing on the number 7, which has been treated numerically and mystically since antiquity, starting with the Egyptian Rhind Papyrus. Overall, Alcuin’s problems bring out that arithmetic is everywhere one looks, from figuring out how to divide money and efficient ways to plow a field to figuring out ways to transport something under limiting conditions.
Recreational Logic
Authors: Danesi Marcel 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
There are two problems in Alcuin’s Propositiones, numbers 11 and 14, that fall under the rubric of what today would be called recreational logic. The problems are original to Alcuin, since no earlier versions are known, and may thus be considered to be the founding ones of this puzzle genre. This chapter deals with the implications that these two problems have had not only for recreational logic, but also for studying the relationship between logic and mathematics—an area that has produced an abundance of fascinating ideas, including those by Charles Peirce, Lewis Carroll, Bertrand Russell, and Kurt Gödel, among others. Prominent in bringing out the linkage between logic and mathematical method is the ancient Liar Paradox, which has led to ideas such as the unprovability of certain propositions within systems of logic. What Alcuin seemed to be conveying by including two logic problems in his text, therefore, is that they entail fundamental mathematical thinking, at the same time that they are intellectually entertaining.