bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance and microbiological safety testing after multiple use cycles and hydrogen peroxide sterilization of a 5‐mm vessel‐sealing device
Authors: Valenzano D. , Hayes G. , Gludish D. , Weese S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the functional and microbiological safety of a single‐use laparoscopic vessel‐sealing device in a multiuse setting.Study designEx vivo study.Sample populationTwelve 5‐mm LigaSure Maryland jaw devices.MethodsHandsets underwent repeated test cycles until failure. The handset packaging was opened, and handsets were agitated in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS). The PBS was removed, centrifuged, and submitted for culture. Canine ovariectomy was simulated on cadaveric tissue, after which vascular seal quality was evaluated by pressure testing of sealed porcine carotid arteries. The handsets were cleaned and sterilized with hydrogen peroxide gas and repackaged.ResultsMean ± SD cycles to failure was 7.7 ± 2.8, with a minimum of 4 and a maximum of 12 use cycles achieved. Eleven of the 12 handsets failed by failure of handset activation after depression of the activation trigger. Only 1 handset failed to hold an adequate vascular seal under 300 mm Hg of pressure. No handset exhibited positive bacterial culture at any cycle.ConclusionThe sterilization method used in this study resulted in an excellent microbiological safety profile. Most of the handsets failed by activation button failure.Clinical significanceUnder the conditions of this study, hydrogen peroxide sterilization achieved microbiological safety. Handsets can successfully be reused until activation button failure without negative effects on the vascular seal or increased risk of infection to the patient.
Partial arytenoidectomy in 14 standing horses (2013–2017)
Authors: Gray Sarah M. , Gutierrez‐Nibeyro Santiago D. , Secor Erica J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo report our experience with partial arytenoidectomy in sedated standing horses.Study designRetrospective study.AnimalsFourteen client‐owned adult horses.MethodsThe medical records (2013–2017) of horses treated with unilateral partial arytenoidectomy while standing and sedated were reviewed. Demographics, endoscopic findings, previous treatments, and outcome after surgery were investigated and recorded.ResultsThirteen horses had unilateral left‐sided recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (RLN) and 1 horse had bilateral RLN. Five horses had a previous failed prosthetic laryngoplasty. Left‐sided partial arytenoidectomy without mucosal closure was successfully completed in all horses under sedation and local anesthesia. Report of long‐term outcome was obtained via telephone conversations for 12 horses, of which 9 also had an endoscopic reevaluation performed; 3 horses had granulomas at the surgical site, of which 2 eventually required a permanent tracheostomy. Nine horses returned to athletic use without respiratory noise, 2 horses returned to athletic use with noise during exercise that was reduced compared with preoperative levels, and 1 horse continued to be used as a broodmare.ConclusionPartial arytenoidectomy in standing horses was achieved with adequate sedation and local anesthesia.Clinical significancePartial arytenoidectomy on standing sedated horses could be considered as an alternative to eliminate the risks associated with general anesthesia.
Return to racing after surgical management of third carpal bone slab fractures in thoroughbred and standardbred racehorses
Authors: Doering Alyssa K. , Reesink Heidi L. , Luedke Lauren K. , Moore Christina , Nixon Alan J. , Fortier Lisa A. , Ducharme Norm G. , Ross Michael W. , Levine David G. , Richardson Dean W. , Stefanovski Darko , Ortved Kyla F. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prognosis for racing of horses surgically treated for slab fractures of the third carpal bone (C3).Study designRetrospective case study.AnimalsHorses (n = 125) surgically treated for C3 slab fractures.MethodsMedical records of horses surgically treated for dorsal or sagittal C3 fractures were reviewed for age, sex, breed, limb, fracture type, degree of cartilage damage, and surgical treatment. Radiographs were evaluated to determine fracture depth, width, and displacement. Osteophytes, C3 lysis, and fragmentation were scored. Racing performance was obtained from online databases. Univariable and multivariable analyses were used to determine associations between independent variables and outcomes.ResultsFifty‐four (43%) horses raced postoperatively. Among thoroughbreds, 35% (30/86) with dorsal fractures and 63% (17/27) with sagittal fractures raced postoperatively. Among standardbreds, 77% (10/13) with dorsal fractures and 0% (0/2) with sagittal fractures raced postoperatively. Fracture displacement, C3 lysis, and cartilage damage affected the likelihood of racing postoperatively. Placement of 3.5‐mm screws vs 4.5‐mm screws and the placement of fewer screws were associated with improved likelihood of racing.ConclusionThe prognosis for postoperative racing of thoroughbreds with dorsal C3 fractures was less favorable than that previously reported. Concurrent joint pathology, such as cartilage damage at time of surgery, affected the ability of the horse to race postoperatively.Clinical significanceAlthough internal fixation of C3 slab fractures is required to restore joint congruity, return to racing should be expected in only 42% of thoroughbreds and 67% of standardbreds.
Revisiting the North American freshwater mussel genus Quadrula sensu lato (Bivalvia Unionidae): Phylogeny, taxonomy and species delineation
Authors: Lopes‐Lima Manuel , Burlakova Lyubov , Karatayev Alexander , Gomes‐dos‐Santos André , Zieritz Alexandra , Froufe Elsa , Bogan Arthur E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFreshwater mussels (Bivalvia, Unionidae) have suffered strong declines over the last century. High morphological plasticity of Unionidae causes disturbances in their systematics and taxonomy, hampering conservation efforts. Species that have historically been placed under the North American genus Quadrula have suffered from numerous taxonomic and species delineation problems since its inception. Four genera are presently recognized within Quadrula sensu lato, that is, Cyclonaias, Quadrula, Theliderma and Tritogonia, but their phylogenetic basis remains incompletely tested. In the present study, we reconstructed several two‐marker (mtDNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit I—COI and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1—ND1) phylogenies with newly collected specimens and all previously available sequences covering most species within this group. We then delineated the species within the group using an integrative approach with the application of molecular statistical methods, morphometric (Fourier Shape) analyses and geographic distribution data. Four clades corresponding to these genera were consistently recovered in all phylogenies. To validate the generic status of these clades, molecular analyses were complemented with morphological, anatomical and ecological data compiled from the literature. Several revisions are here proposed to the current systematics and taxonomy of these genera, including the synonymization of Cyclonaias asperata under Cyclonaias kieneriana; the inclusion of Quadrula apiculata and Quadrula rumphiana under Quadrula quadrula; the placement of Quadrula nobilis under Tritogonia; and finally the separation of the Mobile River basin populations of Theliderma metanevra as a new species, that is, Theliderma johnsoni n. sp. The conservation implications of the proposed changes are then discussed.
Changes in leaf nitrogen and phosphorus content, photosynthesis, respiration, growth, and resource use efficiency of a rapeseed cultivar as affected by drought and high temperatures
Authors: Biswas D.K. , Ma B.L. , Morrison M.J. 
Published: March 2019

The objective of this study was to explore the changes in leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content, physiological processes, growth, and resource-use efficiency in a rapeseed cultivar under drought and (or) high temperatures. The two-wk-old plants were grown under controlled growth chamber conditions and subjected to individual or combined water (well-irrigated, 88% ± 4% field capacity vs. drought, 46% ± 5% field capacity) and temperature (control, 23 °C/17 °C vs. high temperatures, 26 °C/25 °C) regimes for 10 d. The measured response parameters were [N], [P], and their total content in leaves, photosynthetic rate (Asat), stomatal conductance (gs), intercellular CO2concentration (Ci), mitochondrial respiration (R), intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi), photosynthetic N use efficiency (PNUE), relative growth rate of the root (RGRr) and shoot (RGRs), leaf area, and dry matter accumulation in the plant. Drought significantly decreased [N], [P], and their total content in leaves, Asat, gs, Ci, RGRr, RGRs, leaf area, dry matter accumulation in the root, shoot, and whole plant, and PNUE, but significantly increased R and WUEi. Drought-induced reduction in growth or Asatwas mainly attributed to a decreased Cidue to stomatal closure, while reduction in gsand leaf area appeared to be a drought-adaptive mechanism. High temperature stress alone had no negative impact on physiological and growth parameters, indicating an enhanced thermal stability of the cultivar, which was diminished at combined drought and high temperature stresses. We therefore conclude that the thermal stability of the cultivar in terms of growth was compromised under simultaneous occurrence of drought and high temperature stresses.
Flowering and yield of eastern filbert blight resistant hazelnut cultivars in southwestern British Columbia
Authors: O’Dell Thomas E. 
Published: March 2019

Trees of six recently released hazelnut (Corylus avellana) cultivars (Eta, Gamma, Jefferson, Sacajawea, Theta, and Yamhill) were grown at five locations in southwestern British Columbia to evaluate female receptivity and pollen shed timing, disease resistance, and nut yield. The overlap of female receptivity and pollen shed of mating-compatible cultivars equaled or exceeded that reported elsewhere. Following 4–6 yr of field growth without fungicides at sites adjoining eastern filbert blight (EFB)-infected orchards, EFB symptoms were absent from four cultivars (Eta, Gamma, Theta, Yamhill), negligible on Jefferson, and substantial on Sacajawea. Two additional potential diseases, Phomopsis sp. and Phytophthora sp., were observed on several trees at multiple farms. Yields varied by cultivar and farm, averaging 2.9 kg per tree of sixth-leaf Jefferson and 1.0 kg per tree of fourth-leaf Yamhill; the highest yield per tree observed was 9.3 kg for fifth-leaf Jefferson. These data, the first describing flowering and yield of these cultivars from operational orchards and the only such data from British Columbia, demonstrate the potential for new hazelnut cultivars even where pressure from eastern filbert blight is high. Also revealed are two potential emergent diseases for which growers need to remain vigilant.
PD-1 Blockade Following Isolated Limb Perfusion with Vaccinia Virus Prevents Local and Distant Relapse of Soft-tissue Sarcoma
Authors: Smith Henry G. , Mansfield David , Roulstone Victoria , Kyula-Currie Joan N. , McLaughlin Martin , Patel Radhika R. , Bergerhoff Katharina F. , Paget James T. , Dillon Magnus T. , Khan Aadil , Melcher Alan , Thway Khin , Harrington Kevin J. , Hayes Andrew J. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
The prevention and treatment of metastatic sarcoma are areas of significant unmet need. Immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy has shown little activity in sarcoma and there is great interest in identifying novel treatment combinations that may augment responses. In vitro and in vivo, we investigated the potential for an oncolytic vaccinia virus (GLV-1h68) delivered using isolated limb perfusion (ILP) to promote antitumor immune responses and augment response to PD-1 blockade in sarcoma.
Experimental Design: In an established animal model of extremity sarcoma, we evaluated the potential of locoregional delivery of a vaccinia virus (GLV-1h68) alongside biochemotherapy (melphalan/TNFα) in ILP. Complementary in vitro assays for markers of immunogenic cell death were performed in sarcoma cell lines.

Results:
PD-1 monotherapy had minimal efficacy in vivo, mimicking the clinical scenario. Pretreatment with GLV-1h68 delivered by ILP (viral ILP) significantly improved responses. Furthermore, when performed prior to surgery and radiotherapy, viral ILP and PD-1 blockade prevented both local and distant relapse, curing a previously treatment-refractory model. Enhanced therapy was associated with marked modulation of the tumor microenvironment, with an increase in the number and penetrance of intratumoral CD8+ T cells and expansion and activation of dendritic cells. GLV-1h68 was capable of inducing markers of immunogenic cell death in human sarcoma cell lines.

Conclusions:
Viral ILP augments the response to PD-1 blockade, transforming this locoregional therapy into a potentially effective systemic treatment for sarcoma and warrants translational evaluation.
Prevalence and Significance of an Early Repolarization Electrocardiographic Pattern and Its Mechanistic Insight Based on Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients With Acute Myocarditis
Authors: Oka Eiichiro , Iwasaki Yu-ki , Maru Yujin , Fujimoto Yuhi , Hagiwara Kanako , Hayashi Hiroshi , Yamamoto Teppei , Yodogawa Kenji , Hayashi Meiso , Shimizu Wataru 
Published: March 2019

Background:
An early repolarization electrocardiographic (ER-ECG) pattern is caused by various pathophysiological conditions and is reported to be a predictor of life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias. However, little evidence has been reported on the prevalence and significance of the ER-ECG pattern in acute myocarditis. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and significance of the ER-ECG pattern and its mechanistic insight based on the cardiac magnetic resonance findings in patients with acute myocarditis.

Methods:
Thirty patients (23 men; 39.2±19.1 years) with a diagnosis of acute myocarditis by a clinical presentation between March 2011 and April 2018 were retrospectively evaluated. The patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the presence of an ER-ECG pattern on admission.

Results:

Nine cases had an ER-ECG pattern, which was defined as terminal QRS notching or slurring with an amplitude of >0.1 mV in at least 2 inferior or lateral leads (early repolarization [ER] group), whereas the remaining 21 cases had broad ST-segment elevation or pathological Q waves (non-ER group). The cardiac troponin T level was significantly higher in the non-ER group than ER group (3.2±4.3 versus 0.9±1.2 ng/mL;
P
=0.036). The ECG changes returned to baseline along with the normalization of the cardiac biomarkers. Nine of the 21 non-ER group patients, but none of the 9 ER group patients, developed a fulminant course and lethal ventricular tachyarrhythmias. T2-weighted cardiac magnetic resonance showed high-intensity signals over the entire transmural left ventricle in the non-ER group, whereas they were localized to the left ventricular epicardium in the ER group.

Conclusions:
The ER-ECG pattern in acute myocarditis was transient and reversible and was not associated with a worse prognosis. Inflammation/swelling localized to the left ventricular epicardium because of acute myocarditis might provide a mechanistic insight into the ER-ECG pattern.
Glycemic Markers and Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease: The Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Echouffo-Tcheugui Justin B. , Chen Haiying , Kalyani Rita R. , Sims Mario , Simpson Sean , Effoe Valery S. , Correa Adolfo , Bertoni Alain G. , Golden Sherita H. 
Published: March 2019

Background

We investigated the associations of glycemic markers (HbA
1C
[hemoglobin A
1C
], fasting plasma glucose, and insulin resistance—homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) with subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) among blacks.

Methods

We included 4303 community-dwelling blacks (64% women; mean age, 54.5 years) without prevalent CVD. Subclinical CVD was defined as ≥1 of the following: any coronary artery calcification (CAC), elevated carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, LV ejection fraction <50%, and peripheral artery disease (ankle-brachial index, <0.90). Estimates of cross-sectional associations of glycemic markers (fasting plasma glucose, HbA
1C
, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) with subclinical CVD measures were adjusted for traditional CVD risk factors.

Results

Each 1% increment in HbA
1C
was associated with higher odds of CAC, abnormal cIMT, and subclinical CVD (all
P
<0.001). Adjusted mean values of LV mass (LVM), LVM index, relative wall thickness, CAC, and cIMT were increasingly abnormal with worsening HbA
1C
categories (all
P
<0.05). Each 10-mg/dL increase in fasting plasma glucose was associated with higher odds of LV hypertrophy, CAC, abnormal cIMT, and subclinical CVD (all
P
<0.005). Adjusted mean values of LVM, LVM index, relative wall thickness, CAC, ankle-brachial index, and cIMT were more abnormal across categories of worsening fasting plasma glucose (all
P
<0.05). Each unit increment in log-transformed homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance conferred a higher odd of having LV hypertrophy (
P
<0.01). Across quartiles of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, we observed progressively abnormal adjusted mean values of LVM, LVM index, relative wall thickness, and ankle-brachial index (all
P
<0.01).

Conclusions
Among blacks, glycemic markers were differentially associated with various measures of subclinical CVD.
Dapagliflozin and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Previous Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Furtado Remo H.M. , Bonaca Marc P. , Raz Itamar , Zelniker Thomas A. , Mosenzon Ofri , Cahn Avivit , Kuder Julia , Murphy Sabina A. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Leiter Lawrence A. , McGuire Darren K. , Wilding John P.H. , Ruff Christian T. , Nicolau Jose C. , Gause-Nilsson Ingrid A.M. , Fredriksson Martin , Langkilde Anna Maria , Sabatine Marc S. , Wiviott Stephen D. 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Sodium glucose transporter-2 inhibitors reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and a history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Because of their baseline risk, patients with previous myocardial infarction (MI) may derive even greater benefit from sodium glucose transporter-2 inhibitor therapy.

Methods:
DECLARE-TIMI 58 (Dapagliflozin Effect on Cardiovascular Events–Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 58) randomized 17 160 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and either established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (n=6974) or multiple risk factors (n=10 186) to dapagliflozin versus placebo. The 2 primary end points were composite of MACE (cardiovascular death, MI, or ischemic stroke) and the composite of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure. Those with previous MI (n=3584) made up a prespecified subgroup of interest.

Results:

In patients with previous MI (n=3584), dapagliflozin reduced the relative risk of MACE by 16% and the absolute risk by 2.6% (15.2% versus 17.8%; hazard ratio [HR], 0.84; 95% CI, 0.72–0.99;
P
=0.039), whereas there was no effect in patients without previous MI (7.1% versus 7.1%; HR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.88–1.13;
P
=0.97;
P
for interaction for relative difference=0.11;
P
for interaction for absolute risk difference=0.048), including in patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease but no history of MI (12.6% versus 12.8%; HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.81–1.19). There seemed to be a greater benefit for MACE within 2 years after the last acute event (
P
for interaction trend=0.007). The relative risk reductions in cardiovascular death/hospitalization for heart failure were more similar, but the absolute risk reductions tended to be greater: 1.9% (8.6% versus 10.5%; HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.65–1.00;
P
=0.046) and 0.6% (3.9% versus 4.5%; HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.72–1.00;
P
=0.055) in patients with and without previous MI, respectively (
P
interaction for relative difference=0.69;
P
interaction for absolute risk difference=0.010).

Conclusions:
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and previous MI are at high risk of MACE and cardiovascular death/hospitalization for heart failure. Dapagliflozin appears to robustly reduce the risk of both composite outcomes in these patients. Future studies should aim to confirm the large clinical benefits with sodium glucose transporter-2 inhibitors we observed in patients with previous MI.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01730534.
Reduced Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Perihematomal Edema Volumes in Diabetics on Sulfonylureas
Authors: Irvine Hannah , Male Shailesh , Robertson Jetter , Bell Caitlin , Bentho Oladi , Streib Christopher 
Published: March 2019

Background and Purpose—
Sulfonylurea medications have been linked to reduced brain edema and improved outcome following ischemic stroke, but their effects on primary intracerebral hemorrhage (pICH) have not been thoroughly explored. Increasing ICH volume and perihematomal edema (PHE) volume are predictors of poor outcome in pICH. We investigated whether preexisting sulfonylurea use influenced ICH volume, PHE volume, and discharge disposition in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus presenting with pICH.

Methods—
We performed a retrospective chart review of all diabetic patients presenting with pICH to 2 tertiary academic centers from 2006 to 2016. All patients with diabetes mellitus, pICH, admission computed tomography scan, and sulfonylurea use on admission were included in our study. For each case, 2-matched controls (admission date, age, hematoma location [deep versus lobar], use of antiplatelet, or anticoagulant) with diabetes mellitus and pICH were consecutively selected. ICH and PHE volumes were measured via region of interest analysis on admission computed tomography. To mitigate the influence of ICH volume on PHE, the PHE/ICH surface area ratio was calculated. Hospital discharge disposition was determined via chart abstraction. We used the Wilcoxon rank-sum test and Fisher exact test to compare cases and controls.

Results—

Of 317 patients screened, 21 sulfonylurea cases and 42-matched controls met criteria for study inclusion. Sulfonylurea cases had significantly lower admission ICH volumes (median, 4 mL; interquartile range [IQR], 2–30 versus median, 25 mL; IQR, 6–60;
P
=0.011), PHE volumes (median, 4 mL; IQR, 0.9–24 versus median, 17; IQR, 6–37;
P
=0.0095), and PHE/ICH surface area ratios (median, 0.28; IQR, 0.1–0.4 versus median, 0.43; IQR, 0.3–0.6;
P
=0.013) as compared with controls. Sulfonylureas were associated with improved discharge disposition (
P
=0.0062).

Conclusions—
In patients with diabetes mellitus and pICH, sulfonylurea use predicted lower ICH and PHE volumes, lower relative PHE, and improved discharge disposition. Given the paucity of treatment options for pICH, further study of sulfonylureas is warranted.