bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of tissue factor in the procoagulant and antibacterial effects of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells during pneumosepsis in mice
Authors: Perlee Desirée , de Vos Alex F. , Scicluna Brendon P. , Maag Anja , Mancheño Pablo , de la Rosa Olga , Dalemans Wilfried , Florquin Sandrine , van’t Veer Cornelis , Lombardo Eleuterio , van der Poll Tom 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) improve the host response during experimental sepsis in animals. MSCs from various sources express a procoagulant activity that has been linked to the expression of tissue factor. This study sought to determine the role of tissue factor associated with adipose-derived MSCs (ASCs) in their procoagulant and antibacterial effects during pneumonia-derived sepsis.

Methods
Mice were infused intravenously with ASCs or vehicle after infection with the common human pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae via the airways.

Results
Infusion of freshly cultured or cryopreserved ASCs induced the expression of many genes associated with tissue factor signaling and coagulation activation in the lungs. Freshly cultured and cryopreserved ASCs, as well as ASC lysates, exerted procoagulant activity in vitro as determined by a fibrin generation assay, which was almost completely inhibited by an anti-tissue factor antibody. Infusion of cryopreserved ASCs was associated with a rise in plasma thrombin-antithrombin complexes (indicative of coagulation activation) and formation of multiple thrombi in the lungs 4 h post-infusion. Preincubation of ASCs with anti-tissue factor antibody prior to infusion prevented the rise in plasma thrombin-antithrombin complex concentrations but did not influence thrombus formation in the lungs. ASCs reduced bacterial loads in the lungs and liver at 48 h after infection, which was not influenced by preincubation with anti-tissue factor antibody. At this late time point, microthrombi in the lungs were not detected anymore.

Conclusion
These data indicate that ASC-associated tissue factor is responsible for systemic activation of coagulation after infusion of ASCs but not for the formation of microthrombi in the lungs or antibacterial effects.
An overview on small molecule-induced differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into beta cells for diabetic therapy
Authors: Pavathuparambil Abdul Manaph Nimshitha , Sivanathan Kisha N. , Nitschke Jodie , Zhou Xin-Fu , Coates Patrick T. , Drogemuller Christopher John 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The field of regenerative medicine provides enormous opportunities for generating beta cells from different stem cell sources for cellular therapy. Even though insulin-secreting cells can be generated from a variety of stem cell types like pluripotent stem cells and embryonic stem cells, the ideal functional cells should be generated from patients’ own cells and expanded to considerable levels by non-integrative culture techniques. In terms of the ease of isolation, plasticity, and clinical translation to generate autologous cells, mesenchymal stem cell stands superior. Furthermore, small molecules offer a great advantage in terms of generating functional beta cells from stem cells. Research suggests that most of the mesenchymal stem cell-based protocols to generate pancreatic beta cells have small molecules in their cocktail. However, most of the protocols generate cells that mimic the characteristics of human beta cells, thereby generating “beta cell-like cells” as opposed to mature beta cells. Diabetic therapy becomes feasible only when there are robust, functional, and safe cells for replacing the damaged or lost beta cells. In this review, we discuss the current protocols used to generate beta cells from mesenchymal cells, with emphasis on small molecule-mediated conversion into insulin-producing beta cell-like cells. Our data and the data presented from the references within this review would suggest that although mesenchymal stem cells are an attractive cell type for cell therapy they are not readily converted into functional mature beta cells.
Enhancement of therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles
Authors: Park Kyong-Su , Bandeira Elga , Shelke Ganesh V. , Lässer Cecilia , Lötvall Jan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
After the initial investigations into applications of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for cell therapy, there was increased interest in their secreted soluble factors. Following studies of MSCs and their secreted factors, extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from MSCs have emerged as a new mode of intercellular crosstalk. MSC-derived EVs have been identified as essential signaling mediators under both physiological and pathological conditions, and they appear to be responsible for many of the therapeutic effects of MSCs. In several in vitro and in vivo models, EVs have been observed to have supportive functions in modulating the immune system, mainly mediated by EV-associated proteins and nucleic acids. Moreover, stimulation of MSCs with biophysical or biochemical cues, including EVs from other cells, has been shown to influence the contents and biological activities of subsequent MSC-derived EVs. This review provides on overview of the contents of MSC-derived EVs in terms of their supportive effects, and it provides different perspectives on the manipulation of MSCs to improve the secretion of EVs and subsequent EV-mediated activities. In this review, we discuss the possibilities for manipulating MSCs for EV-based cell therapy and for using EVs to affect the expression of elements of interest in MSCs. In this way, we provide a clear perspective on the state of the art of EVs in cell therapy focusing on MSCs, and we raise pertinent questions and suggestions for knowledge gaps to be filled.
Weighted norm inequality for bilinear Calderón–Zygmund operators on Herz–Morrey spaces with variable exponents
Authors: Wang Shengrong , Xu Jingshi 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we obtain a weighted norm inequality of bilinear Calderón–Zygmund operators in Herz–Morrey spaces with variable exponents and weight in the variable Muckenhoupt class.
Solvability of integral boundary value problems at resonance in $R^{n}$
Authors: Song Shiying , Meng Shuman , Cui Yujun 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Under a resonance condition involving integral boundary value problems for a second-order nonlinear differential equation in $\mathbb{R}^{n}$

R
n

, we show its solvability by using the coincidence degree theory of Mawhin and the theory of matrix diagonalization in linear algebra.
Existence theory and numerical simulation of HIV-I cure model with new fractional derivative possessing a non-singular kernel
Authors: Aliyu Aliyu Isa , Alshomrani Ali Saleh , Li Yongjin , Inc Mustafa , Baleanu Dumitru 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this research work, a mathematical model related to HIV-I cure infection therapy consisting of three populations is investigated from the fractional calculus viewpoint. Fractional version of the model under consideration has been proposed. The proposed model is examined by using the Atangana–Baleanu fractional operator in the Caputo sense (ABC). The theory of Picard–Lindelöf has been employed to prove existence and uniqueness of the special solutions of the proposed fractional-order model. Further, it is also shown that the non-negative hyper-plane $\mathbb{R}_{+}^{3}$

R
+
3

is a positively invariant region for the underlying model. Finally, to analyze the results, some numerical simulations are carried out via a numerical technique recently devised for finding approximate solutions of fractional-order dynamical systems. Upon comparison of the numerical simulations, it has been demonstrated that the proposed fractional-order model is more accurate than its classical version. All the necessary computations have been performed using MATLAB R2018a with double precision arithmetic.
Experimental assessment of the viability of using ground penetrating radar for metal wire-snare detection
Authors: Borrion Hervé , Amiri Amin , Delpech Dorothea , Lemieux A. M. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Wildlife crime is an international issue with the illicit trade of flora and fauna estimated to be worth several billion dollars. In national parks, the problem can often be summarised as an arms race, with poachers trying to remain undetected by park rangers and other security personnel that are trying to protect the natural habitat and species from exploitation. Within this context, the detection of wire snares is a critical step. Not only can it reduce the number of animals caught by poachers but it can also help rangers develop better situation awareness and, in turn, improve patrolling strategies. To address the practical challenge of wire-snare detection across wide areas, this article examines the capacity of ground penetrating radar (GPR). Using two snares of small and medium sizes, the experiment confirmed the promising role of this technology, even if poachers attempt to conceal the snares underneath small tree branches and roots.
Drawing on nature: a vision of an urban residential street adapted for biodiversity in architectural drawings
Authors: Moxon Siân 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Cities are becoming more built up and less hospitable to wildlife, which is in alarming global decline. Consequently, cities are becoming worse for their human inhabitants, who benefit from contact with nature, and losing out on the vital ecosystem services that urban greenery provides. This is a particular issue in residential streets, as domestic gardens offer significant potential for greenspace and wildlife habitat, but their value is misunderstood and their management is largely unregulated. Visual communication techniques are effective at engaging residents in city planning and could therefore offer a solution by inspiring community action to rewild urban streets. The article argues, with reference to an urban rewilding campaign created to support London becoming a National Park City, that visualisation can be used as part of an agenda to reverse biodiversity loss, and make cities healthier, more sustainable places to live and work. The case study uses architectural drawings of a residential street adapted to enhance its greenspace and biodiversity to encourage residents to transform their homes, gardens and streets. The study found architectural drawings have the potential to inspire and empower people to make changes to their neighbourhood by communicating an aspirational vision, depicting a cohesive proposal at a whole-street scale, and organising practical information and guidance. The case study provides a model for London and other cities to use vision drawings as a catalyst to increase their greenspace and biodiversity, creating a worldwide network of National Park cities.
Primary research on the bronze technology of Lower Xiajiadian Culture in northeastern China
Authors: Li Chenyuan , Li Yanxiang , Wang Lixin , Chen Kunlong , Liu Siran 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The site of Habaqila is located in the area between Inner Mongolia and Liaoning provinces and dated to the 13th–11th centuries BC. It was identified as a metal production workshop of the Lower Xiajiadian Culture and revealed abundant metallurgical remains, including ore fragments, slags, technical ceramics, and stone implements. Scientific analyses demonstrated that polymetallic ores were smelted to produce tin bronze and arsenical copper. Perforated furnaces might have been employed in this process. The site also revealed the first known field evidence of tin smelting in a Bronze Age site of northern China. Systematic investigation of this site increases our understanding of metallurgical processes of Bronze Age culture in northern China.
Microbond fibre bundle pullout technique to evaluate the interfacial adhesion of polyethylene and polypropylene self reinforced composites
Authors: Sharan Chandran M. , Padmanabhan K. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Self reinforced polymer composites possess a comparable shear and tensile strength unlike the glass or carbon fibre reinforced composites. Important deciding factors of overall efficiency of composite materials are the interfacial adhesion properties between the fibre and the matrix. Structural properties and processability of composite materials are also dependent on adhesion between the fibre and the matrix. Polypropylene and polyethylene self-reinforced composites are the systems investigated here for the purpose of analyzing the interfacial properties of these systems. Multiple fibre pullout test is an alternate method for single fibre pullout test with added advantages of more reliable statistically averaged data with less standard deviation and minimized chances for fibre breakage during testing. This test can also be verified for various volume fractions unlike single fibre pullout test. Micro bonds of matrix materials are cured on a bundle of fibres and by using a micro vise as an additional fixture, the interfacial strength and other interfacial properties are evaluated through fibre pullout. Surface tension between the fibre and the matrix plays an important role in this test. Thus from the contact angle and the frictional properties of the interface, the interface properties are evaluated. Interface properties obtained from this meso-mechanical semi empirical method are also compared with the properties evaluated from micromechanical formulations. Spectroscopic studies revealed the bonding characteristics during the interface formation and after failure. Fractography reveals the cause and nature of failure and substantiate the analysis.
Urgent-start peritoneal dialysis after laparoscopic dialysis catheter implantation: a single-center experience
Authors: Toda Naohiro , Yanagita Motoko , Yokoi Hideki 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Appropriate timing of peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter implantation and PD initiation is important. Several guidelines suggest starting PD at least 2 weeks after PD catheter implantation. Recently, urgent-start PD is widespread throughout the world. However, the ideal time to start PD after laparoscopic catheter implantation is not known. We investigated the safety and feasibility of early initiation (within 7 days) PD following laparoscopic peritoneal catheter implantation.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent laparoscopic PD catheter implantation at the Kyoto University Hospital from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2016. Based on when PD was initiated, the patients were divided into two groups, namely, early group, ≤ 7 days and late group, > 7 days after catheter implantation. Catheter-related complications and catheter survival were analyzed.

Results
We analyzed 29 and 26 patients in early and late groups, respectively. The age, sex, the incidence of diabetes and APD, and the follow-up period were not significantly different between the two groups. The interval from catheter implantation to the start of PD was 4.28 ± 1.83 and 162 ± 157.8 days in the early and late groups, respectively (P < 0.01). In a late group, 17 patients (65.4%) underwent catheter implantation using the Moncrief–Popovich technique. The use of bridge hemodialysis was higher in the early group (P < 0.01). No patients developed dialysate leakage in both groups, and no significant differences were observed for catheter malfunction (24.1% vs. 19.2%, P = 0.66), exit-site infection (ESI, 24.1% vs. 28%, P = 0.87), and peritonitis (7.14% vs. 8.0%, P = 0.91) within 6 months. Furthermore, early initiation of PD did not increase the risk of ESI, peritonitis, and PD withdrawal at 1, 2, and 5 years compared to that in the late group.

Conclusions
Urgent-start of PD with laparoscopic catheter implantation did not increase infection-related complications and PD withdrawal. Laparoscopic PD catheter implantation may allow the initiation of PD earlier than 7 days after implantation.
Examining the effects of passive and active strategies on behavior during hybrid visual memory search: evidence from eye tracking
Authors: Madrid Jessica , Hout Michael C. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Hybrid search requires observers to search both through a visual display and through the contents of memory in order to find designated target items. Because professional hybrid searchers such as airport baggage screeners are required to look for many items simultaneously, it is important to explore any potential strategies that may beneficially impact performance during these societally important tasks. The aim of the current study was to investigate the role that cognitive strategies play in facilitating hybrid search. We hypothesized that observers in a hybrid search task would naturally adopt a strategy in which they remained somewhat passive, allowing targets to “pop out.” Alternatively, we considered the possibility that observers could adopt a strategy in which they more actively directed their attention around the visual display. In experiment 1, we compared behavioral responses during uninstructed, passive, and active hybrid search. We found that uninstructed search tended to be more active in nature, but that adopting a passive strategy led to above average performance as indicated by a combined measure of speed and accuracy called a balanced integration score (BIS). We replicated these findings in experiment 2. Additionally, we found that oculomotor behavior in passive hybrid search was characterized by longer saccades, improved attentional guidance, and an improved ability to identify items as targets or distractors (relative to active hybrid search). These results have implications for understanding hybrid visual search and the effect that strategy use has on performance and oculomotor behavior during this common, and at times societally important, task.
Face search in CCTV surveillance
Authors: Mileva Mila , Burton A. Mike 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
We present a series of experiments on visual search in a highly complex environment, security closed-circuit television (CCTV). Using real surveillance footage from a large city transport hub, we ask viewers to search for target individuals. Search targets are presented in a number of ways, using naturally occurring images including their passports and photo ID, social media and custody images/videos. Our aim is to establish general principles for search efficiency within this realistic context.

Results
Across four studies we find that providing multiple photos of the search target consistently improves performance. Three different photos of the target, taken at different times, give substantial performance improvements by comparison to a single target. By contrast, providing targets in moving videos or with biographical context does not lead to improvements in search accuracy.

Conclusions
We discuss the multiple-image advantage in relation to a growing understanding of the importance of within-person variability in face recognition.
Artefact and ablation performance of an MR-conditional high-power microwave system in bovine livers: an ex vivo study
Authors: Grimm Antonia , Winkelmann Moritz , Weiß Jakob , Gohla Georg , Blumenstock Gunnar , Nikolaou Konstantin , Clasen Stephan , Hoffmann Rüdiger 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
We evaluated a magnetic resonance (MR)-conditional high-power microwave ablation system.

Methods
An exvivo 1.5-T evaluation was conducted by varying the sequence (T1-weighted volume interpolated breath-hold examination, T1w-VIBE; T1-weighted fast low-angle shot, T1w-FLASH; T2-weighted turbo spin-echo, T2w-TSE), applicator angulation to B0 (A-to-B0), slice orientation, and encoding direction. Tip location error (TLE) and artefact diameters were measured, and influence of imaging parameters was assessed with analysis of variance and post hoc testing. Twenty-four exvivo ablations were conducted in three bovine livers at 80 W and 120 W. Ablation durations were 5, 10, and 15 min. Ablation zones were compared for short-axis diameter (SAD), volume, and sphericity index (SI) with unpaired t test.

Results
The artefact pattern was similar for all sequences. The shaft artefact (4.4 ± 2.9 mm, mean ± standard deviation) was dependent on the sequence (p = 0.012) and the A-to-B0 (p < 0.001); the largest shaft diameter was measured with T1w-FLASH (6.3 ± 3.4 mm) and with perpendicular A-to-B0 (6.7 ± 2.4 mm). The tip artefact (1.6 ± 0.7 mm) was dependent on A-to-B0 (p = 0.001); TLE was -2.6 ± 1.0 mm. Ablation results at the maximum setting (15 min, 120 W) were SAD = 42.0 ± 1.41 mm; volume = 56.78 ± 3.08 cm3, SI = 0.68 ± 0.05. In all ablations, SI ranged 0.68–0.75 with the smallest SI at 15 min and 120 W (p = 0.048).

Conclusion
The system produced sufficiently large ablation zones and the artefact was appropriate for MR-guided interventions.
Deep learning to convert unstructured CT pulmonary angiography reports into structured reports
Authors: Spandorfer Adam , Branch Cody , Sharma Puneet , Sahbaee Pooyan , Schoepf U. Joseph , Ravenel James G. , Nance John W. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Structured reports have been shown to improve communication between radiologists and providers. However, some radiologists are concerned about resultant decreased workflow efficiency. We tested a machine learning-based algorithm designed to convert unstructured computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) reports into structured reports.

Methods
A self-supervised convolutional neural network-based algorithm was trained on a dataset of 475 manually structured CTPA reports. Labels for individual statements included “pulmonary arteries,” “lungs and airways,” “pleura,” “mediastinum and lymph nodes,” “cardiovascular,” “soft tissues and bones,” “upper abdomen,” and “lines/tubes.” The algorithm was applied to a test set of 400 unstructured CTPA reports, generating a predicted label for each statement, which was evaluated by two independent observers. Per-statement accuracy was calculated based on strict criteria (algorithm label counted as correct if the statement unequivocally contained content only related to that particular label) and a modified criteria, accounting for problematic statements, including typographical errors, statements that did not fit well into the classification scheme, statements containing content for multiple labels, etc.

Results
Of the 4,157 statements, 3,806 (91.6%) and 3,986 (95.9%) were correctly labeled by the algorithm using strict and modified criteria, respectively, while 274 (6.6%) were problematic for the manual observers to label, the majority of which (n = 173) were due to more than one section being included in one statement.

Conclusion
This algorithm showed high accuracy in converting free-text findings into structured reports, which could improve communication between radiologists and clinicians without loss of productivity and provide more structured data for research/data mining applications.