bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liberal transfusion strategy to prevent mortality and anaemia-associated, ischaemic events in elderly non-cardiac surgical patients – the study design of the LIBERAL-Trial
Authors: Meybohm Patrick , Lindau Simone , Treskatsch Sascha , Francis Roland , Spies Claudia , Velten Markus , Wittmann Maria , Gueresir Erdem , Stoppe Christian , Kowark Ana , Coburn Mark , Selleng Sixten , Baschin Marcel , Jenichen Gregor , Meersch Melanie , Ermert Thomas , Zarbock Alexander , Kranke Peter , Kredel Markus , Helf Antonia , Laufenberg-Feldmann Rita , Ferner Marion , Wittenmeier Eva , Gürtler Karl-Heinz , Kienbaum Peter , de Abreu Marcel Gama , Sander Michael , Bauer Michael , Seyfried Timo , Gruenewald Matthias , Choorapoikayil Suma , Mueller Markus M. , Seifried Erhard , Brosteanu Oana , Bogatsch Holger , Hasenclever Dirk , Zacharowski Kai 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Background: Perioperative anaemia leads to impaired oxygen supply with a risk of vital organ ischaemia. In healthy and fit individuals, anaemia can be compensated by several mechanisms. Elderly patients, however, have less compensatory mechanisms because of multiple co-morbidities and aging-related decline of functional reserves. The purpose of the study is to evaluate whether elderly surgical patients may benefit from a liberal red blood cell (RBC) transfusion strategy compared to a restrictive transfusion strategy.
Methods: The LIBERAL Trial is a prospective, randomized, multicentre, controlled clinical phase IV trial randomising 2,470 elderly (≥ 70 years) patients undergoing intermediate- or high-risk non-cardiac surgery. Registered patients will be randomised only if Haemoglobin (Hb) reaches ≤ 9 g/dl during surgery or within 3 days after surgery either to the LIBERAL group (transfusion of a single RBC unit when Hb ≤ 9 g/dl with a target range for the post-transfusion Hb level of 9-10.5 g/dl) or the RESTRICTIVE group (transfusion of a single RBC unit when Hb ≤ 7.5 g/dl with a target range for the post-transfusion Hb level of 7.5-9 g/dl). The intervention per patient will be followed until hospital discharge or up to 30 days after surgery, whichever occurs first. The primary efficacy outcome is defined as a composite of all-cause mortality, acute myocardial infarction, acute ischaemic stroke, acute kidney injury (stage III), acute mesenteric ischaemia and acute peripheral vascular ischaemia within 90 days after surgery. Infections requiring iv antibiotics with re-hospitalisation are assessed as important secondary endpoint. The primary endpoint will be analysed by logistic regression adjusting for age, cancer surgery (y/n), type of surgery (intermediate- or high-risk), and incorporating centres as random effect.
Discussion: The LIBERAL-Trial will evaluate whether a liberal transfusion strategy reduces the occurrence of major adverse events after non-cardiac surgery in the geriatric population compared to a restrictive strategy within 90 days after surgery.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT03369210)
Russet Potato Yield, Quality, and Nitrogen Uptake with Enhanced Efficiency Fertilizers
Authors: Ghosh Upasana , Hatterman‐Valenti Harlene , Chatterjee Amitava 
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas
Irrigated russet potato yield and quality as influenced by the enhanced efficiency fertilizers.
Effect of enhanced efficiency fertilizers in improving crop N uptake.
Effect of enhanced efficiency fertilizers in improving fertilizer recovery and N use efficiency.
Enhanced efficiency fertilizers (EEFs) are supposed to improve nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) by synchronizing N release from fertilizers and plant uptake. This experiment evaluated the performance of EEFs for tuber yield, quality, N uptake, apparent fertilizer recovery (AFR), and NUE under irrigated conditions. At Inkster, ND, during the summer of 2015 and 2016, six N treatments and three cultivars were laid out in a factorial randomized complete block design with four replications. Three russet potato cultivars (Russet Burbank, Dakota Trailblazer, and ND8068‐5Russ) were treated with six N treatments: (i) grower’s standard (urea) and two EEFs; (ii) SuperU; (iii) ESN; (iv) split application of urea, each at 280 kg N ha−1; (v) urea at 225 kg N ha−1; and (vi) check. The highest marketable tuber yield of 42.3 and 41.6 Mg ha−1 was obtained with urea 225 kg N ha−1 and ESN at 280 kg N ha−1 (38.7 Mg ha−1), respectively, in 2015 and 2016. In 2015, AFR ranged from 33.9 to 39.7%. In 2016, AFR with Russet Burbank reached 66.4%. Yield, quality, and NUE were not significantly improved with EEFs compared with urea or grower’s standard. Cultivar‐specific fertilizer recommendations should be developed.
Effects of Substituting Manure for Fertilizer on Aggregation and Aggregate Associated Carbon and Nitrogen in a Vertisol
Authors: Zhao Zhanhui , Zhang Congzhi , Zhang Jiabao , Liu Changhua , Wu Qicong 
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas
Manure improved soil aggregate‐associated C and N sequestration.
Fertilizer substituted with manure in increasing C and N concentrations used.
Manure improved water stable soil aggregate stability.
Fertilizer management influences the accumulation of soil organic C and N in agricultural soils. The combined use of chemical and organic fertilizers is considered a good method to enhance soil fertility, but it is still unclear about the effects of substituting manure for fertilizer on aggregation and aggregate associated organic C and N. We selected a 4‐yr‐old soil fertility experiment to examine the aggregation and aggregate associated organic C and N in response to substituting manure for fertilizer. In comparison to control, no fertilizer added (CK); substituting manure for fertilizer significantly increased organic C and N by 11.61 to 47.97% and 21.05 to 32.63% in 0‐ to 20‐cm bulk soil, respectively. It promoted organic C in the silt + clay fraction, microaggregates, small macroaggregates, and large macroaggregates by 3.17 to 17.15%, 12.94 to 34.09%, 10.99 to 50.20%, and 25.32 to 52.09%, respectively. Aggregate associated N also presented significant increases under substituting manure for fertilizer compared to CK. The mass distribution of small and large macroaggregates were 8.16 to 15.54% and 8.89 to 49.51% higher in the manure‐substituted plots than CK, respectively. Organic C and labile C were generally greater in macro‐ than microaggregates in the manure‐substituted plots; redundancy analysis confirmed that macroaggregates had positive effects on organic C and N sequestration in bulk soil and aggregates. Based on these results we suggested that substituting manure increases macroaggregate associated organic C and N, and the formation of small and large macroaggregates is accelerated by organic amendment in the test soil compared to CK.
Temporal Change of Climatological Precipitation Deficit Index in the Buyuk Menderes Basin, Turkey
Authors: Mengu Gulay Pamuk , Yildirim Tugba , Ozcakal Emrah , Akkuzu Erhan 
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas
Climatological precipitation deficit index is used to monitor agricultural drought by examining the difference between precipitation and evapotranspiration.
The increasing trend determined in the precipitation deficit derived more from the increases determined in the ET0 values than from the decrease in precipitation.
A suitable threshold value must be set when classifying precipitation deficit, which is in accordance with the conditions of the region in designating drought years.
Climatological precipitation deficit index (PD) is one the indices used to monitor agricultural drought by examining the difference between precipitation and evapotranspiration. In this study, the meteorological stations located in the Buyuk Menderes Basin, which has an important agricultural potential for Turkey, are used to determine the PD and its temporal variation by Mann–Kendall trend analysis using the monthly climate data of the period 1975 to 2014. The long‐term average rainfall in the Buyuk Menderes Basin is 574 mm, the reference evapotranspiration is 1225 mm, and the average PD value is 651 mm. It was observed that the value of the precipitation deficit in the basin varies considerably in the long term. The trend analysis showed five of the six stations in the basin to have an increasing trend, which in three of these five stations was statistically significant. It was concluded that the increasing trend determined in the precipitation deficit derived more from the increases determined in the ET0 values than from the decrease in precipitation.
Deficit Irrigation, Planting Date, and Hybrid Selection Impacts on a Mid‐South Corn Production System
Authors: Williams J. J. , Henry W. B. , Varco J. J. , Reynolds D. B. , Buehring N. W. , Krutz L. J. , Falconer L. L. , Boykin D. L. 
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas
Early planting reduced irrigation water use by 52% and improved WUE by 29%.
Deficit irrigation reduced irrigation water use and net returns by 91% and $53 acre, respectively.
Conventional full‐season hybrids planted early generated the highest net returns.
The Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Aquifer (MRVAA) is the primary irrigation source for the mid‐southern USA, but the current withdrawal rate from the aquifer is unsustainable. This research was conducted to determine if interactions among factors that have an effect on the water use efficiency (WUE) of corn could be manipulated to decrease irrigation requirements while maintaining or improving yield and net returns relative to current practices in this region. The effects of deficit irrigation utilizing soil water tension (−50 cbar vs. –125 cbar), planting date (late March vs. late April), and hybrid selection (conventional short season, drought‐tolerant full season, or conventional full season) on corn grain yield, WUE, and net returns above seed and irrigation costs were investigated on a Marietta fine sandy loam and a Leeper silty clay near Starkville and Verona, MS, respectively. Yield, WUE, and net returns above seed and irrigation costs for conventional full‐season hybrids were at least 18% greater when planted in March rather than April and, regardless of planting date, at least 6% greater than that of conventional short‐season and drought‐tolerant full‐season hybrids. Relative to full irrigation, deficit irrigation increased WUE up to twofold in three out of four planting dates, had no adverse effect on yield or net returns in wet years, but reduced yield and net returns up to 11% in dry years. Our data indicate that the best option to reduce aquifer withdrawal without having an adverse effect on net returns above seed or irrigation costs is to plant conventional full‐season hybrids on the early side of the recommended planting window and meet the evapotranspiration demand fully with supplemental irrigation.
Postemergence Herbicide Tolerance of Buffalograss Entering Winter Dormancy
Authors: Braun Ross C. , Hoyle Jared A. , Van Ryzin Benjamin , Sousek Matthew D. , Thompson Cole S. 
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas
The fall is the optimum time to control winter annual and perennial broadleaf weeds.
More information is needed on postemergence herbicide safety in the fall as buffalograss enters winter dormancy.
Many postemergence herbicides can be safely applied to buffalograss entering winter dormancy with no effect on spring greenup.
Turf managers have many herbicide and application timing options for weed control in buffalograss.
3DMGAR: A Transient Quasi‐3D Point‐Source Green–Ampt Infiltration and Redistribution Model
Authors: Gowdish Leslie C. , Muñoz-Carpena Rafael 
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas
Good design of point‐source irrigation systems needs simplified quasi‐spherical wetting models.
Efficient irrigation with minimal impact, requires robust estimates of infiltration and redistribution.
3DMGAR is based on robust Green–Ampt infiltration and redistribution concepts for irrigation series.
3DMGAR tested favorably with benchmark 2D Richards simulations for a wide range of soils.
Provided 3DMGAR source code is easy to apply and parameterize with readily available information.
Although Richards' equation (RE) generally provides a good description of infiltration and water redistribution in soils, its numerical solutions can be computationally intensive or suffer from numerical instability and require extensive soil data. Simplified physically based approaches are often used in many practical settings after validation against RE used as a benchmark. The purpose of this research was to develop and test an approximated physical model for simulating transient point‐source infiltration and redistribution in a quasi three‐dimensional flow domain. An existing three‐dimensional Green–Ampt model that simulates only the infiltration phase is extended based on the one‐dimensional modified Green–Ampt with redistribution (MGAR) method to calculate the three‐dimensional soil water redistribution phase between point‐source events. Comparison with the HYDRUS‐2D numerical solution of RE showed the proposed model (3DMGAR) to provide satisfactory results for a broad range of soils. The ability of 3DMGAR to accurately and robustly simulate infiltration and redistribution for point‐source water application time series is particularly important for cases with difficult Richards solutions, such as in sandy soils, to improve water application efficiency and decrease chemical leaching in many settings like crop fertigation, waste water disposal, and mitigation of climate‐induced coastal salinization.
Cardiovascular Effects of Flavonoids
Authors: Sánchez Manuel , Romero Miguel , Gómez-Guzmán Manuel , Tamargo Juan , Pérez-Vizcaino Francisco , Duarte Juan 
Published: December 2018

:
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is the major cause of death worldwide, especially in Western
society. Flavonoids are a large group of polyphenolic compounds widely distributed in plants, present
in a considerable amount in fruit and vegetable. Several epidemiological studies found an inverse association
between flavonoids intake and mortality by CVD. The antioxidant effect of flavonoids was
considered the main mechanism of action of flavonoids and other polyphenols. In recent years, the role
of modulation of signaling pathways by direct interaction of flavonoids with multiple protein targets,
namely kinases, has been increasingly recognized and involved in their cardiovascular protective effect.
There are strong evidence, in in vitro and animal experimental models, that some flavonoids induce
vasodilator effects, improve endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance, exert platelet antiaggregant
and atheroprotective effects, and reduce blood pressure. Despite interacting with multiple targets, flavonoids
are surprisingly safe. This article reviews the recent evidence about cardiovascular effects that
support a beneficial role of flavonoids on CVD and the potential molecular targets involved.
Supervised Machine Learning Algorithms for Evaluation of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and Particle Size
Authors: Öztürk A. Alper , Gündüz A. Bilge , Ozisik Ozan 
Published: December 2018

Aims and Objectives: Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) are pharmaceutical delivery
systems that have advantages such as controlled drug release, long-term stability etc. Particle Size
(PS) is one of the important criteria of SLNs. These factors affect drug release rate, bio-distribution
etc. In this study, the formulation of SLNs using high-speed homogenization technique has been
evaluated. The main emphasis of the work is to study whether the effect of mixing time and
formulation ingredients on PS can be modeled. For this purpose, different machine learning
algorithms have been applied and evaluated using the mean absolute error metric.

Materials and Methods:
SLNs were prepared by high-speed homogenizaton. PS, size distribution
and zeta potential measurements were performed on freshly prepared samples. In order to model the
formulation of the particles in terms of mixing time and formulation ingredients and evaluate the
predictability of PS depending on these parameters, different machine learning algorithms were
applied on the prepared dataset and the performances of the algorithms were also evaluated.

Results:
PS of SLNs obtained was in the range of 263-498nm. The results present that PS of SLNs
can be best estimated by decision tree based methods, among which Random Forest has the least
mean absolute error value with 0.028. As a result, the estimation of machine learning algorithms
demonstrates that particle size can be estimated by both decision rule-based machine learning
methods and function fitting machine learning methods.

Conclusion:
Our findings present that machine learning methods can be highly useful for
determining formulation parameters for further research.
A Novel, Fast and Efficient One-Pot Three-Component Procedure for the Preparation of New Imidazolidinone Derivatives from Isocyanide, Aldehyde and Urea
Authors: Safaei Hamidreza , Firoozi Neda , Zebarjadian Mahboobeh , Jehbez Seyed Ali , Safaei Maryam 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Multicomponent processes have played powerful roles in achieving
complex structures, which are also aligned with green chemistry. Thus, MCRs have attracted
considerable interest due to their atom economy, simple experimental procedures, automated
synthesis, convenience and synthetic efficiency. Isocyanides are one of the crucial starting material
in designing MCRs methods. They are unique building blocks in many cycloaddition reactions since
they are able to react with both nucleophiles and electrophiles at the same carbon. Furthermore,
ammonium chloride is an inorganic compound that is highly soluble in water, inexpensive and
commercially available. Solutions of ammonium chloride are mildly acidic and have been used in
various reactions.

Objective:
This article focuses on design a convenient and straightforward method for assembling
important scaffolds such imidazolidinones through one-pot three-component strategy.

Conclusion:
The straightforward and efficient one-pot three component method for the synthesis of
4-(cyclohexylmethylene)-5-phenylimidazolidin-2-one derivatives is described. This reaction exploits
the formation of imine, which undergoes spontaneous intermolecular cycloaddition with isocyanide,
and generates the desired products in a good yield.
Comparative Docking Studies: A Drug Design Tool for Some Pyrazine- Thiazolidinone Based Derivatives for Anti-HIV Activity
Authors: Asgaonkar Kalyani Dhirendra , Patil Shital Manoj , Chitre Trupti Sameer , Ghegade Vaibhav Nanabhau , Jadhav Saurabh Radhaji , Sande Sajid Shaukat , Kulkarni Atharva Sudhakar 
Published: December 2018

<P>Background: Acquired immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is caused by Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Pyrazine and Thiazolidinone pharmacophore has diverse biological activities including anti HIV activity. </P><P> Aims and Objectives: To study binding behavior of Pyrazine- thiazolidinone derivatives on four different crystal structures of HIV- 1RT.These molecules which were already reported as anti-TB were investigated for dual activity as Anti-HIV and Anti-TB. </P><P> Materials and Methods: In the present study we describe a comparative docking study of twentythree derivatives of N-(4-oxo-2 substituted thiazolidin-3-yl) pyrazine-2-carbohydrazide. Binding pattern of these derivatives was gauged by molecular docking studies on four different receptors bearing PDB code 1ZD1, 1RT2, 1FKP and 1FK9 of HIV–RT enzyme using V. Life MDS software Genetic algorithm docking method. </P><P> Result and Discussion: The studies revealed hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interaction and pi-pi interactions playing significant role in binding of the molecules to the enzyme.Conclusion:Most of the molecules have shown good dock score and binding energy with anti-HIV receptors but Molecules 13 and 14 have potential to act as anti-tubercular and Anti HIV and hence can be further explored for dual activity.</P>
MiR-597 Targeting 14-3-3σ Enhances Cellular Invasion and EMT in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Xie Lisha , Jiang Tao , Cheng Ailan , Zhang Ting , Huang Pin , Li Pei , Wen Gebo , Lei Fanghong , Huang Yun , Tang Xia , Gong Jie , Lin Yunpeng , Kuai Jianke , Huang Weiguo 
Published: December 2018

Background:Alterations in microRNAs (miRNAs) are related to the occurrence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and play an important role in the molecular mechanism of NPC. Our previous studies show low expression of 14-3-3σ (SFN) is related to the metastasis and differentiation of NPC, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear.Methods:Through bioinformatics analysis, we find miR-597 is the preferred target miRNA of 14-3-3σ. The expression level of 14-3-3σ in NPC cell lines was detected by Western blotting. The expression of miR-597 in NPC cell lines was detected by qRT-PCR. We transfected miR-597 mimic, miR-597 inhibitor and 14-3-3σ siRNA into 6-10B cells and then verified the expression of 14-3-3σ and EMT related proteins, including E-cadherin, N-cadherin and Vimentin by western blotting. The changes of migration and invasion ability of NPC cell lines before and after transfected were determined by wound healing assay and Transwell assay.Results:miR-597 expression was upregulated in NPC cell lines and repaired in related NPC cell lines, which exhibit a potent tumor-forming effect. After inhibiting the miR-597 expression, its effect on NPC cell line was obviously decreased. Moreover, 14-3-3σ acts as a tumor suppressor gene and its expression in NPC cell lines is negatively correlated with miR-597. Here 14-3-3σ was identified as a downstream target gene of miR-597, and its downregulation by miR-597 drives epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and promotes the migration and invasion of NPC.Conclusion:Based on these findings, our study will provide theoretical and experimental evidences for molecular targeted therapy of NPC.
Роль 3d-электронной подсистемы в эволюции зонной структуры, магнитных и оптических свойств соединений ErNi-=SUB=-5-x-=/SUB=-Co-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=- (x=0-4)
Authors: Князев Ю.В. , Лукоянов А.В. , Кузьмин Ю.И. , Кучин А.Г. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe evolution of the electronic structure and optical and magnetic properties of ErNi_5 – _ x Co_ x compounds ( x = 0–4), occurring upon substitution of nickel by cobalt atoms, has been investigated. Spin-polarization calculations of the band spectrum of these intermetallic compounds have been performed within the local spin density approximation with a correction for strong electron correlations in the 4 f shell of a rare-earth ion (method LSDA+U). The values of magnetic moments for erbium, nickel, and cobalt ions (located at different crystallographic sites) are obtained. The exchange-interaction parameters for the 3 d sublattice of transition metals are determined. The spectral properties of the compounds have been investigated in the wavelength range of 0.22–15 μm by optical ellipsometry. The experimental frequency dependences of the optical conductivity in the interband absorption region are compared with the corresponding characteristics calculated based on the density of electronic states.