bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon monoxide protects the kidney through the central circadian clock and CD39
Authors: Correa-Costa Matheus , Gallo David , Csizmadia Eva , Gomperts Edward , Lieberum Judith-Lisa , Hauser Carl J. , Ji Xingyue , Wang Binghe , Câmara Niels Olsen Saraiva , Robson Simon C. , Otterbein Leo E. 
Published: February 2018

SignificanceTissue injury caused by lack of blood flow results in a series of adaptive responses of the body to ensure survival. Cellular production of carbon monoxide (CO) preserves organ function and promotes healing. How this occurs has remained elusive. Here we demonstrate using a model of ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) of the kidney, mimicking kidney transplant, that safe administration of CO protects against IRI. Remarkably, this occurs through specific modulation of a gene that regulates energy metabolism (CD39) and one that controls circadian rhythm (Period 2). Collectively, we define here an innovative signaling pathway linking the brain and the kidney vis a vis a gas molecule. These data may have important therapeutic consequences for transplant recipients and victims of stroke.
Defining the sizes of airborne particles that mediate influenza transmission in ferrets
Authors: Zhou Jie , Wei Jianjian , Choy Ka-Tim , Sia Sin Fun , Rowlands Dewi K. , Yu Dan , Wu Chung-Yi , Lindsley William G. , Cowling Benjamin J. , McDevitt James , Peiris Malik , Li Yuguo , Yen Hui-Ling 
Published: February 2018

Significance
Emerging respiratory pathogens pose significant public health threats as a result of their potential for rapid global spread via multiple non-mutually exclusive modes of transmission. The relative significance of contact, droplet, and airborne transmission for many respiratory pathogens remains a knowledge gap, and better understanding is essential for developing evidence-based measures for effective infection control. Here, we describe and evaluate a transmission chamber that separates virus-laden particles in air by size to study airborne particles that mediate influenza transmission in ferrets. Our results provide direct experimental evidence of influenza transmission via droplets and fine droplet nuclei, albeit at different efficiency. This transmission device can also be applied to elucidate the mode of transmission of other respiratory pathogens.
Origins and genetic legacies of the Caribbean Taino
Authors: Schroeder Hannes , Sikora Martin , Gopalakrishnan Shyam , Cassidy Lara M. , Maisano Delser Pierpaolo , Sandoval Velasco Marcela , Schraiber Joshua G. , Rasmussen Simon , Homburger Julian R. , Ávila-Arcos María C. , Allentoft Morten E. , Moreno-Mayar J. Víctor , Renaud Gabriel , Gómez-Carballa Alberto , Laffoon Jason E. , Hopkins Rachel J. A. , Higham Thomas F. G. , Carr Robert S. , Schaffer William C. , Day Jane S. , Hoogland Menno , Salas Antonio , Bustamante Carlos D. , Nielsen Rasmus , Bradley Daniel G. , Hofman Corinne L. , Willerslev Eske 
Published: February 2018

Significance
Ancient DNA has revolutionized the field of archaeology, but in the Caribbean and other tropical regions of the world, the work has been hampered by poor DNA preservation. We present an ancient human genome from the Caribbean and use it to shed light on the early peopling of the islands. We demonstrate that the ancestors of the so-called “Taino” who inhabited large parts of the Caribbean in pre-Columbian times originated in northern South America, and we find evidence that they had a comparatively large effective population size. We also show that the native components in some modern Caribbean genomes are closely related to the ancient Taino, suggesting that indigenous ancestry in the region has survived through the present day.
From global scaling to the dynamics of individual cities
Authors: Depersin Jules , Barthelemy Marc 
Published: February 2018

Significance
How properties of cities vary with their population is of great interest for elaborating theoretical models but also for making predictions about the future of cities. However, it is still unclear whether large cities are just scaled-up versions of smaller cities, which casts some doubt on measures mixing different urban systems of different sizes and histories. Here we show in the example of congestion-induced traffic delays that the path dependency is so strong that these delays depend on both the population and the whole history of the system, prohibiting the existence of simple scaling forms.
Structures of the prefusion form of measles virus fusion protein in complex with inhibitors
Authors: Hashiguchi Takao , Fukuda Yoshinari , Matsuoka Rei , Kuroda Daisuke , Kubota Marie , Shirogane Yuta , Watanabe Shumpei , Tsumoto Kouhei , Kohda Daisuke , Plemper Richard Karl , Yanagi Yusuke 
Published: February 2018

Significance
Measles remains a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide, and no licensed therapeutic agents are currently available. Measles virus (MeV) sometimes invades the central nervous system (CNS), causing neurodegenerative diseases several months/years after acute infection. Recently, MeV-induced encephalitis among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children has become a great concern in high–HIV-prevalence countries. The tropism of MeV for the CNS is mediated by hyperfusogenic mutations in the MeV fusion (F) protein. Here we show the crystal structures of MeV-F alone and bound to inhibitors. The structures and accompanying cell-based fusion assays with inhibitors provide insight into the molecular mechanism for the inhibition of MeV-mediated fusion, which would help us conquer MeV-induced neurodegenerative diseases.
Theory of signs and statistical approach to big data in assessing the relevance of clinical biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress
Authors: Ghezzi Pietro , Davies Kevin , Delaney Aidan , Floridi Luciano 
Published: February 2018

Significance
Biomarkers are widely used in medicine. This study focuses on the use of biomarkers in the formulation of mechanistic hypotheses and their clinical use. Starting from different philosophical theories of signs, the study highlights the importance of networks in their meaning and value. The study also views biomarkers as endowed or not with action (proxies or signs) and suggests a perspective in the translational use of biomarkers in patient stratification and mechanistic studies.
The influence of the native language on phonological preparation in spoken word production in a second language
Authors: Li Chuchu , Kronrod Yakov , Wang Min 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThree experiments investigated the phonological preparation unit in planning English spoken words, comparing English monolinguals, native Chinese and Japanese-speakers who spoke English as their second language. All three groups named pictures in English, and the names could either share the same initial phoneme, mora, or syllable, or had no systematic commonality. A phoneme preparation effect was shown among English monolinguals but not among the two bilingual groups, suggesting that the phoneme is the phonological preparation unit for English monolinguals, but not for the two bilingual groups. All three groups showed mora and syllable preparation effects, but further analysis and a follow-up experiment suggested that Chinese-English bilinguals may treat morae as open syllables. English monolinguals showed similar phoneme and mora preparation effect sizes, possibly as a result of flexibility. Together, the selection of phonological preparation could be flexible, influenced by both the nature of the target language and speakers’ language experiences.
Lexical access in English-Spanish bilinguals
Authors: Shport Irina A. , Dorado Dorian , Puscama María Gabriela 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Does early onset age of language learning in an informal setting always have a long-term advantage? We compared lexical access in adult heritage speakers of Spanish and late learners of Spanish in two word-production tasks, while also considering the speakers’ oral proficiency in their non-dominant language. In all speakers, word recall in the picture-naming task was less accurate and slower than in the translation task. Heritage speakers and late learners of high Spanish proficiency level were different only in the translation task, where learners were faster than heritage speakers, which may be explained by their experience with translation of visual input. These findings suggest that for a non-dominant language, an early onset of learning does not provide an advantage, at least when high-proficiency bilinguals, high-frequency words, and behavioral measures are concerned. Oral proficiency matters most, as it correlates with frequency of language use.
The provisionality of property rights in Kant'sDoctrine of Right
Authors: Hasan Rafeeq 
Published: February 2018

AbstractI criticize two ways of interpreting Kant's claim that property rights are merely ‘provisional’ in the state of nature.Weak provisionalityholds that in the state of nature agents can make rightful claims to property. What is lacking is the institutional context necessary to render their claims secure. By contrast,strong provisionalityholds that making property claims in the state of nature wrongs others. I argue for a third view,anticipatory provisionality, according to which state of nature property claims do not wrong others, but anticipate a condition in which the authority to make such claims can no longer be unilaterally determined.
IWTomics: testing high-resolution sequence-based ‘Omics’ data at multiple locations and scales
Authors: Cremona Marzia A , Pini Alessia , Cumbo Fabio , Makova Kateryna D , Chiaromonte Francesca , Vantini Simone 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Summary
With increased generation of high-resolution sequence-based ‘Omics’ data, detecting statistically significant effects at different genomic locations and scales has become key to addressing several scientific questions. IWTomics is an R/Bioconductor package (integrated in Galaxy) that, exploiting sophisticated Functional Data Analysis techniques (i.e. statistical techniques that deal with the analysis of curves), allows users to pre-process, visualize and test these data at multiple locations and scales. The package provides a friendly, flexible and complete workflow that can be employed in many genomic and epigenomic applications.

Availability and implementation
IWTomics is freely available at the Bioconductor website (http://bioconductor.org/packages/IWTomics) and on the main Galaxy instance (https://usegalaxy.org/).

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Postmenopausal Fracture History and Survival After Reproductive Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Newcomb Polly A , Adams Scott V , Mayer Sophie , Passarelli Michael N , Tinker Lesley , Lane Dorothy , Chlebowski Rowan T , Crandall Carolyn J 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Background
Postmenopausal bone fracture's have been proposed as a marker of lifetime estrogen exposure and have been associated with decreased risk of breast and endometrial cancer. It is plausible that prediagnostic fractures may be related to survival of estrogen-sensitive cancers.

Methods
We evaluated a cohort of breast (n = 6411), endometrial (n = 1127), and ovarian (n = 658) cancer cases diagnosed between 1992 and 2010 while participating in the Women’s Health Initiative. Postmenopausal fracture history was assessed from baseline reports of fractures after age 55 years and incident fractures that occurred at least one year prior to cancer diagnosis during study follow-up. Using Cox regression, we compared women with and without a history of fractures with respect to overall and cancer-specific survival. Estimates were adjusted for participant factors, including hormone therapy use; hormone receptor status was not included in our analysis.

Results
Among women with breast cancer, a history of prediagnostic fractures at any site was associated with poorer overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.05 to 1.43). A history of hip, forearm, or spine fractures, or hip fracture alone, was associated with increased risk of mortality (HR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.58, and HR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.27 to 3.32, respectively). Fracture history was associated neither with cancer-specific survival among breast cancer survivors, nor with overall or disease-specific mortality among endometrial and ovarian cancer survivors.

Conclusions
Postmenopausal breast cancer patients with a history of fractures, especially of the hip, are more likely to die of any cause than breast cancer survivors without a fracture history. Identifying and intervening in fracture risk factors should be standard of care for all women diagnosed with breast cancer.
Preanesthesia concerns in a patient with a thyroid mass
Authors: Bodner Gayle B. , Talbott Ashley L. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
Preoperative evaluation helps identify patient comorbidities and surgical characteristics that increase perioperative risk, and also can help identify patients with potentially difficult airways. Identifying patients with difficult airways before surgery lets clinicians plan appropriate perioperative management and prepare for potential complications. This article focuses on management of a difficult airway in a patient undergoing surgery for a thyroid mass.
The ELENA facility
Authors: Bartmann Wolfgang , Belochitskii Pavel , Breuker Horst , Butin Francois , Carli Christian , Eriksson Tommy , Oelert Walter , Ostojic Ranko , Pasinelli Sergio , Tranquille Gerard 
Published: February 2018

The CERN Antiproton Decelerator (AD) provides antiproton beams with a kinetic energy of 5.3 MeV to an active user community. The experiments would profit from a lower beam energy, but this extraction energy is the lowest one possible under good conditions with the given circumference of the AD. The Extra Low Energy Antiproton ring (ELENA) is a small synchrotron with a circumference a factor of 6 smaller than the AD to further decelerate antiprotons from the AD from 5.3 MeV to 100 keV. Controlled deceleration in a synchrotron equipped with an electron cooler to reduce emittances in all three planes will allow the existing AD experiments to increase substantially their antiproton capture efficiencies and render new experiments possible. ELENA ring commissioning is taking place at present and first beams to a new experiment installed in a new experimental area are foreseen in 2017. The transfer lines from ELENA to existing experiments in the old experimental area will be installed during CERN Long Shutdown 2 (LS2) in 2019 and 2020. The status of the project and ring commissioning will be reported.
This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Antiproton physics in the ELENA era’.
Prospects for testing Lorentz and CPT symmetry with antiprotons
Authors: Vargas Arnaldo J. 
Published: February 2018

A brief overview of the prospects of testing Lorentz and CPT symmetry with antimatter experiments is presented. The models discussed are applicable to atomic spectroscopy experiments, Penning-trap experiments and gravitational tests. Comments about the sensitivity of the most recent antimatter experiments to the models reviewed here are included.
This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Antiproton physics in the ELENA era’.
Response to Therapeutic Sleep Deprivation: A Naturalistic Study of Clinical and Genetic Factors and Post-Treatment Depressive Symptom Trajectory
Authors: Trautmann Nina , Foo Jerome C. , Frank Josef , Witt Stephanie H. , Streit Fabian , Treutlein Jens , von Heydendorff Steffen Conrad , Gilles Maria ,   Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Forstner Andreas J. , Ebner-Priemer Ulrich , Nöthen Markus M. , Deuschle Michael , Rietschel Marcella 
Published: February 2018

AbstractResearch has shown that therapeutic sleep deprivation (SD) has rapid antidepressant effects in the majority of depressed patients. Investigation of factors preceding and accompanying these effects may facilitate the identification of the underlying biological mechanisms. This exploratory study aimed to examine clinical and genetic factors predicting response to SD and determine the impact of SD on illness course. Mood and tiredness during SD were also assessed via visual analogue scales (VAS). Depressed inpatients (n = 78) and healthy controls (n = 15) underwent ~36hrs of SD. Response to SD was defined as a score of ≤2 on the Clinical Global Impression Scale for Global Improvement. Depressive symptom trajectories were evaluated for up to a month using self/expert ratings. Impact of genetic burden was calculated using polygenic risk scores for major depressive disorder. 72% of patients responded to SD. Responders and nonresponders did not differ in baseline self/expert depression symptom ratings, but mood subjectively measured by VAS scale differed. Response was associated with lower age (p= 0.007) and later age at life-time disease onset (p= 0.003). Higher genetic burden of depression was observed in non-responders than healthy controls. Up to a month post-SD, depressive symptoms decreased in both patients groups, but more in responders, in whom effects were sustained. The present findings suggest that re-examining SD with a greater focus on biological mechanisms will lead to better understanding of mechanisms of depression.
Octadecaneuropeptide prevents toxicity induced by 6-hydroxydopamine in cultured rat astrocyte: involvement of the endogenous antioxidant systems and the intrinsic apoptotic pathway
Authors: Kaddour Hadhemi , Hamdi Yosra , Vaudry David , Leprince Jérôme , Vaudry Hubert , Tonon Marie-Christine , Amri Mohamed , Masmoudi-Kouki Olfa 
Published: February 2018

AbstractOxidative stress, associated with various neurodegenerative diseases, induces imbalance in ROS generation, impairs cellular antioxidant defences and finally triggers both neurons and astroglial cell death by apoptosis. Astrocytes specifically synthesize and release endozepines, a family of regulatory peptides, including the octadecaneuropeptide (ODN). We have previously reported that ODN is a potent neuroprotective agent that prevents 6-OHDA-induced apoptotic neuronal death. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the potential glioprotective effect of ODN on 6-OHDA-induced oxidative stress and cell death in cultured rat astrocytes. Incubation of astrocytes with graded concentrations of ODN (10−14to 10−8M) inhibited 6-OHDA-evoked cell death in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. In addition, ODN prevented the decrease of mitochondrial activity and caspase-3 activation induced by 6-OHDA. Toxin-treated cells exhibited high level of ROS associated with a generation of H2O2and O2°-and a reduction of both SOD and catalase activities. Co-treatment of astrocytes with low concentrations of ODN dose dependently blocked 6-OHDA-evoked ROS production and inhibition of antioxidant enzymes activities. Taken together, these data demonstrate that ODN is a potent glioprotective agent that prevents 6-OHDA-induced oxidative stress and apoptotic cell death. ODN is thus a potential candidate to delay neuronal damages in various pathological conditions involving oxidative neurodegeneration.
The plasma biomarker soluble SIGLEC-1 is associated with the type I interferon transcriptional signature, ethnic background and renal disease in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Oliveira João J. , Karrar Sarah , Rainbow Daniel B. , Pinder Christopher L. , Clarke Pamela , Rubio García Arcadio , Al-Assar Osama , Burling Keith , Vyse Tim J. , Wicker Linda S. , Todd John A. , Ferreira Ricardo C. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe molecular heterogeneity of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases has been one of the main obstacles to the development of safe and specific therapeutic options. Here we have evaluated the diagnostic and clinical value of a robust, inexpensive, immunoassay detecting the circulating soluble form of the monocyte-specific surface receptor sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 1 (sSIGLEC-1).We developed an immunoassay to measure sSIGLEC-1 in small volumes of plasma/serum from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and healthy donors. Plasma concentrations of sSIGLEC-1 strongly correlated with expression of SIGLEC-1 on the surface of blood monocytes and with type I interferon (IFN)-regulated gene (IRG) expression in SLE patients. In addition, we identified marked ancestry-related differences in sSIGLEC-1 concentrations in SLE patients, with patients of non-European ancestry showing higher levels compared to patients of European ancestry. Higher sSIGLEC-1 concentrations were associated with lower serum complement component 3 and increased frequency of renal complications in European patients, but not with the SLEDAI clinical score.Our sSIGLEC-1 immunoassay provides a specific and easily-assayed marker for monocyte-macrophage activation, and interferonopathy in SLE and other diseases. Further studies can extend its clinical associations and its potential use to stratify patients and as a secondary endpoint in trials.
Does a poor childhood associate with higher and steeper inflammation trajectories in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing?
Authors: Tampubolon Gindo , Fajarini Maria 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTInflammation has been implicated in many diseases in later life of older Britons. Moreover, health outcomes in later life have also been markedly affected by childhood poverty. But no study has established whether childhood poverty has the effect of upregulating inflammation throughout later life. Using the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (2004 – 2013) life history information and longitudinal observations of C-reactive protein and fibrinogen as inflammatory biomarkers, we studied the association between childhood condition and trajectories of inflammation for people aged 50 to 97 years. Retrospective childhood poverty some four to eight decades in the past was treated as a latent construct; attrition in longitudinal observations is addressed using inverse proportional to attrition weighting. The analytis revealed significantly higher levels of both biomarkers throughout later life among those with a poor childhood, though there is no evidence of a steeper inflammation trajectory among them. We discussed possible epigenetic changes underlying this strong and long arm of childhood condition. The results suggest that eliminating child poverty can prove to be a wise investment with the prospect of a lifelong reward.