bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The microbiome and ophthalmic disease
Authors: Baim Adam D , Movahedan Asadolah , Farooq Asim V , Skondra Dimitra 
Published: November 2018

Progress in microbiome research has accelerated in recent years. Through the use of 16S rRNA assays and other genomic sequencing techniques, researchers have provided new insights about the communities of microorganisms that inhabit human and animal hosts. There is mounting evidence about the importance of these ‘microbiotas’ in a wide variety of disease states, suggesting potential targets for preventative and therapeutic interventions. Until recently, however, the microbiome received relatively little attention in ophthalmology. This review explores emerging research on the roles that ocular and extraocular microbiotas may play in the pathogenesis and treatment of ophthalmic diseases. These include diseases of the ocular surface as well as autoimmune uveitis, age-related macular degeneration, and primary open angle glaucoma. Many questions remain about the potential impacts of microbiome research on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of ophthalmic disease. In light of current findings, we suggest directions for future study as this exciting area of research continues to expand.Impact statementThis review describes a growing body of research on relationships between the microbiome and eye disease. Several groups have investigated the microbiota of the ocular surface; dysregulation of this delicate ecosystem has been associated with a variety of pro-inflammatory states. Other research has explored the effects of the gastrointestinal microbiota on ophthalmic diseases. Characterizing the ways these microbiotas influence ophthalmic homeostasis and pathogenesis may lead to research on new techniques for managing ophthalmic disease.
Integrating distributed acoustic sensing, borehole 3C geophone array, and surface seismic array data to identify long-period long-duration seismic events during stimulation of a Marcellus Shale gas reservoir
Authors: Ghahfarokhi Payam Kavousi , Wilson Thomas H. , Carr Timothy Robert , Kumar Abhash , Hammack Richard , Di Haibin 
Published: November 2018

Microseismic monitoring by downhole geophones, surface seismic, fiber-optic distributed acoustic sensing (DAS), and distributed temperature sensing (DTS) observations were made during the hydraulic fracture stimulation of the MIP-3H well in the Marcellus Shale in northern West Virginia. DAS and DTS data measure the fiber strain and temperature, respectively, along a fiber-optic cable cemented behind the casing of the well. The presence of long-period long-duration (LPLD) events is evaluated in the borehole geophones, DAS data, and surface seismic data of one of the MIP-3H stimulated stages. LPLD events are generally overlooked during the conventional processing of microseismic data, but they represent significant nonbrittle deformation produced during hydraulic fracture stimulation. In a single stage that was examined, 160 preexisting fractures and two faults of suboptimal orientation are noted in the image logs. We identified two low-frequency ([Formula: see text]) events of large temporal duration (tens of seconds) by comparing the surface seismic data, borehole geophone data, and DAS amplitude spectra of one of the MIP-3H stages. Spectrograms of DAS traces in time and depth reveal that the first low-frequency event might be an injection noise that has footprints on all DAS channels above the stimulated stage. However, the surface seismic array indicates an LPLD event concurrent with the first low-frequency event on DAS. The second LPLD event on DAS data and surface seismic data is related to a local deformation and does not have footprints on all DAS channels. The interpreted events have duration less than 100 s with frequencies concentrated below 10 Hz, and are accompanied by microseismic events.
Molecular detection of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma australasia’ and ‘Ca. P. cynodontis’ in Iraq
Authors: Alkuwaiti Nawres Abdulelah Sadeq , Kareem Tariq Abdulsada , Sabier Layla Jabar 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The association of phytoplasma was investigated in symptomatic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), eggplant (Solanum melongen L.), mallow (Malva spp.) and Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon L.) plants exhibiting witches’ broom and white leaf diseases, respectively. Total DNA was extracted from tomato (n=3), eggplant (n=2), mallow (n=2) and Bermuda grass (n=8) samples. Direct polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using P1/P7 primer set, then PCR products were sequenced. Sequences obtained from tomato, eggplant and mallow shared 99% maximum nucleotide identity with phytoplasma belonging to subgroup 16SrII-D, and resulted therefore ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma australasia’-related. Sequences obtained from Bermuda grass showed 100% maximum nucleotide identity to 16SrXIV-A subgroup and were ‘Ca. P. cynodontis’-related. The study presents the first molecular confirmation and sequence data of presence of ‘Ca. P. australasia’ and ‘Ca. P. cynodontis’ in Iraq.
The Effects of Foliar Feeding of Compatible Organic Solutes on Agronomic Traits of Safflower
Authors: Janmohammadi Mohsen , Asadi Farzaneh , Sabaghnia Naser , Abbasi Amin , Nouraein Mojtaba , Shekari Fariborz 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSafflower is originated from Iran and is tolerant against water deficit stress. However, in semi-arid Mediterranean climate terminal drought and heat stress adversely affect the safflower production. In order to investigate the influence of foliar application of proline (Pr) (10 and 20 mM) and glycinebetaine (GB) (2 and 4 mM) under well and deficit irrigation (37.23° N,46.16° E). Foliar spray of compatible organic solutes started from middle vegetative growth and continued till seed filling stage. Comparison of well irrigated and stress conditions revealed that severity of water deficit stress (SI) was 0.25. Evaluation of growth-related morphological characteristics such as plant height, leaf area, canopy spread and percent ground cover showed that they considerably reduced by water deficit stress. However, foliar application of compatible solutes could somewhat increase growth related parameters. Results showed that water deficit stress noticeably reduced the chlorophyll content, while foliar spray could alleviate the water deficit stress effects when compared with intact plant (non-sprayed plants). The beneficial effect of GB was more prominent than Pr, especially under deficit irrigation condition. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that the best performance under well irrigated condition was obtained by application of 4 mM GB while under deficit irrigation condition the best performance was recorded for plants treated with 2 and 4 mM GB and 20 mM Pr. Overall, results of current experiments showed that foliar spray with high concentration of GB may can significantly alleviate the adverse effects of water deficit stress.
Stray light and ghosts in catadioptric spectrometers: incorporating grating scatter measurements into simulations and ghost sensitivity into system design
Authors: Kroneberger Monika , Mezger Andreas , Becker Stephanie 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The accurate simulation of stray light is essential for the verification of the contrast requirements in optical instruments. In a spectrometer, the scattering from reflective gratings is difficult to characterize while contributing significantly to the overall system stray light and reduction of the spectrometer contrast. In addition, the multiple diffraction orders create a ghost sensitive environment, which must be considered in the design of the instrument. In this article, we present an experimental setup for, and measurement results from, the characterization of the bidirectional scattering distribution function (BSDF) of a holographic grating for a spectrometer applied in a typical earth observation mission with demanding stray light requirements. We observed distinct stray light peaks out of the diffraction plane, which are called ‘satellites.’ The main challenges in the measurement of grating BSDFs arise from the near angle limit, the determination of the instrument signature and the selection of the appropriate sampling (2D or 3D). Following the grating characterization, the next step is to introduce these measured BSDFs into stray light simulation. We have done that by fitting appropriate functions to the measured BSDF and defining them in the optical analysis software ASAP as a user-defined BSDF. Ghost analysis is done at the spectrometer level as a sensitivity analysis of the tilts of the optical elements. Due to the ghosting of higher diffraction orders of the grating, a high sensitivity to the tilts of some of the optical elements can be seen.
Analysis on the Conformity between the Closed-Circuit Embroidery Elements of Different Widths and the Digitally Designed Elements
Authors: Juchnevičienė Žaneta , Jucienė Milda , Dobilaitė Vaida , Sacevičienė Virginija , Radavičienė Svetlana 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The embroidery process is one of the means of joining textile materials into a system, which is widely applied in the creation of products of special destinations. The development of the functionality of embroidery systems is indissoluble from high-quality requirements for the accuracy of the form of the element. In the embroidery process, the system of textile materials experiences various dynamic loads, multiple stretching, and crushing; therefore, the geometrical parameters of the embroidery element change. The objective of this paper was to analyze the widths of the different square-form closed-circuit embroidery elements and also to perform their analysis with the purpose to evaluate the embroidery accuracy of the embroidered elements. Test samples were prepared in the form of square-form closed-circuit embroidery elements of five different contour widths: 6 mm, 10 mm, 14 mm, 18 mm, and 22 mm. During the investigation, it has been determined that in most cases the contour widths of the five closed-circuit square-form embroidery elements were obtained, smaller than the size of the digitally designed element.
Simplicity of skew inverse semigroup rings with applications to Steinberg algebras and topological dynamics
Authors: Beuter Viviane , Gonçalves Daniel , Öinert Johan , Royer Danilo 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Given a partial action π of an inverse semigroup S on a ring

𝒜

{\mathcal{A}}

, one may construct its associated skew inverse semigroup ring

𝒜

⋊
π

S

{\mathcal{A}\rtimes_{\pi}S}

. Our main result asserts that, when

𝒜

{\mathcal{A}}

is commutative, the ring

𝒜

⋊
π

S

{\mathcal{A}\rtimes_{\pi}S}

is simple if, and only if,

𝒜

{\mathcal{A}}

is a maximal commutative subring of

𝒜

⋊
π

S

{\mathcal{A}\rtimes_{\pi}S}

and

𝒜

{\mathcal{A}}

is S-simple. We apply this result in the context of topological inverse semigroup actions to connect simplicity of the associated skew inverse semigroup ring with topological properties of the action. Furthermore, we use our result to present a new proof of the simplicity criterion for a Steinberg algebra

A
R

⁢

(
𝒢
)

{A_{R}(\mathcal{G})}

associated with a Hausdorff and ample groupoid

𝒢

{\mathcal{G}}

.
A Serious Flaw in Nutrition Epidemiology: A Meta-Analysis Study
Authors: Peace Karl E. , Yin JingJing , Rochani Haresh , Pandeya Sarbesh , Young Stanley 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
Many researchers have studied the relationship between diet and health. Specifically, there are papers showing an association between the consumption of sugar sweetened beverages and Type 2 diabetes. Many meta-analyses use individual studies that do not attempt to adjust for multiple testing or multiple modeling. Hence the claims reported in a meta-analysis paper may be unreliable as the base papers do not ensure unbiased statistics.

Objective
Determine (i) the statistical reliability of 10 papers and (ii) indirectly the reliability of the meta-analysis study.

Method
We obtained copies of each of the 10 papers used in a metaanalysis paper and counted the numbers of outcomes, predictors, and covariates. We estimate the size of the potential analysis search space available to the authors of these papers; i. e. the number of comparisons and models available. The potential analysis search space is the number of outcomes times the number of predictors times 2
c
, where c is the number of covariates. This formula was applied to information found in the abstracts (Space A) as well as the text (Space T) of each base paper.

Results
The median and range of the number of comparisons possible across the base papers are 6.5 and (2 12,288), respectively for Space A, and 196,608 and (3072–117,117,952), respectively for Space T. It is noted that the median of 6.5 for Space A may be misleading as each study has 60–165 foods that could be predictors.

Conclusion
Given that testing is at the 5% level and the number of comparisons is very large, nominal statistical significance is very weak support for a claim. The claims in these papers are not statistically supported and hence are unreliable so the meta-analysis paper is also unreliable.
Ortho-substituted azobenzene: shedding light on new benefits
Authors: Del Pezzo Rita , Bandeira Nuno A.G. , Trojanowska Anna , Fernandez Prieto Susana , Underiner Todd , Giamberini Marta , Tylkowski Bartosz 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Novel functional polymeric microcapsules, based on modified azobenzene moieties, are exhaustively investigated, both from a theoretical and experimental points of view. Theoretical calculations and several measurements demonstrate that visible light can act as a trigger for release of encapsulated material, as a consequence of trans-cis isomerization which modifies microcapsule surface topography and can induce a “squeezing” release mechanism. Interfacial polymerization of an oil-in-water emulsion is performed and leads to core-shell microcapsules which are characterized by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM), optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light scattering. These analyses put into evidence that microcapsules’ size and surface morphology are strongly affected by irradiation under visible light: moreover, these changes can be reverted by sample exposure to temperatures around 50°C. This last evidence is also confirmed by NMR kinetic analyses on modified azobenzene moiety. Finally, it is shown that these smart microcapsules can be successfully used to get a controlled release of actives such as fragrancies, as a consequence of visible light irradiation, as confirmed by an olfactive panel.
Enzymatic synthesis and characterization of novel terpolymers from renewable sources
Authors: Aparaschivei Diana , Todea Anamaria , Frissen August E. , Badea Valentin , Rusu Gerlinde , Sisu Eugen , Puiu Maria , Boeriu Carmen G. , Peter Francisc 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid and itaconic acid are both important biobased platform chemicals and their terpolymer with 1,6-hexanediol (HDO) can be the starting point for a new class of reactive polyesters, with important applications. The green synthetic route developed in this study involves a biocatalytic condensation polymerization reaction of dimethyl furan-2,5-dicarboxylate (DMFDC) and dimethyl itaconate (DMI) with HDO in toluene at 80°C, using commercial immobilized lipases from Candida antarctica B. In the best conditions, the formed polymer product was isolated with more than 80% yield, containing about 85% terpolymer with average molecular mass of about 1200 (Mn, calculated from MALDI-TOF MS data) and 15% DMFDC_HDO copolymer. Considering the higher reactivity of DMFDC, the composition of the synthesized polymer can be directed by adjusting the molar ratio of DMFDC and DMI, as well as by extending the reaction time. Structural analysis by NMR demonstrated the regioselective preference for the carbonyl group from DMI adjacent to the methylene group. The biocatalyst was successfully reused in multiple reaction cycles.
Transcoding identity: Assemblages between man and machine beyond the cyborg archetype – a semiotic route
Authors: Toscano Javier 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe way we perform identity in everyday situations nowadays is affected in very concrete ways by our interactions with technology. However, our conceptual understanding of such exchanges has been limited to a handful of concepts or narrative devices (i.e. acyborg), which have proved their limits when facing extreme complexity. This paper develops a proposal to reexamine various possible assemblages between man and machine – at the level of the self-awareness and self-signifying of an individualvis à vistechnological-based entities – by revisiting Greimas’s semiotic square, a tool from classical structural semiotics that could be readjusted to unfold what is at stake in that relationship, and under the semantic category of identity. The paper explains the constituent terms of Greimas’s elementary structure of meaning, unfolds the logic of his semiotic square, and develops some of its key underlying notions. Moreover, the limitations of the semiotic square are also surveyed. Instead of trying to pose a new paradigm, this paper wants to explore its heuristic possibilities and resist any claims of the underlying theory to produce fix typologies, semantic determinisms or stable discursive forms. In that sense, the scope of this essay is not to identify the whole array of cases in which identity is formed out of the contact between man and his machinicalother, but to deliver a working scheme that may function as an initial, navigational map, a tool by which we can further explore the idea of how identity is affected by technology as a dynamic, performative process, therefore informing a semantic know-how and granting further access to yet unfamiliar fields of a post-human condition.
Chronic Widespread Pain in a tertiary pain clinic: classification overlap and use of a patient generated quality of life instrument
Authors: Tschudi-Madsen Hedda , Rødevand Linn N. , Bøymo Kaarbø Mette , Granan Lars-Petter 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background and aims
This study has two main aims: (1) To explore the overlap between classification criteria in patients with Chronic Widespread Pain (CWP) and (2) To explore the use of the Patient Generated Index (PGI) as a quality of life (QoL) measure in this patient group.

Methods
Patients with Widespread Pain (ICD-11: pain in four or more out of five bodily regions, i.e. the four quadrants and axially) in a tertiary pain outpatient clinic were assessed according to classification criteria for Fibromyalgia [FM, American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria of 1990, 2010, 2011 and 2016], Chronic Fatigue Syndrome [CFS, Fukuda, Canada and International Consensus Criteria (ICC)] and Bodily Distress Syndrome (BDS). Furthermore, patients completed the PGI to assess QoL, and electronic questionnaires including demographic variables and standardised patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs).

Results
All patients (n=33) fulfilled the criteria for musculoskeletal type single-organ BDS, 81.8% met the 2016 modified criteria for FM, 30.3% met the Canada criteria for CFS and 24.2% met the criteria for multi-organ type BDS. There was substantial agreement between the 2016 and the 2011 and 2010 criteria sets for FM compared to the 1990 criteria (κ=0.766 and 0.673 compared to 0.279). Patients generally scored low on the PGI, indicating poor QoL (mean PGI 28.9, SD 19.8, range 0–100).

Conclusions
Our findings support the use of the term musculoskeletal type single-organ BDS to describe patients with CWP and the 2016 revision of the FM criteria. The PGI provides useful clinical information which is not captured by standardised PROMs.

Implications
The terminology of CWP has become less ambiguous as the new ICD-11 is closely related to the generalised pain criterion of the modified 2016 FM definition. Studies based on the 1990 classification criteria for FM should not be directly compared to studies based on later criteria set. The PGI may be a supplement to other measurements to portray patients’ individual concerns in patients with complex symptom disorders.
AS OFICINAS ITINERANTES DO PIBID GEOGRAFIA UFPEL COMO PRÁTICA SÓCIO-ESPACIAL DE ACESSO A DIFERENTES CULTURAS
Authors: Dias Gabriela Klering , Rafael Pedro Henrique de Souza , Dias Liz Cristiane 
Published: November 2018

Este artigo tem como objetivo discorrer sobre a relevância das Oficinas Itinerantes do PIBID Geografia da Universidade Federal de Pelotas a partir da abordagem da Cartografia Escolar, do pensamento espacial e da promoção do estímulo da criticidade do aluno junto ao seu raciocínio geográfico. Optou-se por centrar a discussão mais detalhada em duas oficinas, a de “Gênero e Sexualidade e a “Iniciação Cartográfica”, por acreditar que essas oficinas representam de melhor forma o caráter extensionista dessas práticas que visam conectar a Universidade e a Escola. As oficinas de Gênero e Sexualidade e Iniciação Cartográfica buscam integrar os alunos com práticas sócio-espaciais que permeiam o pensamento espacial e o raciocínio geográfico em seus processos de aprendizagem. Conclui-se nesse artigo que as oficinas do PIBIDGeo contribuem para a formação inicial e continuada de professores, como também para outros métodos e metodologias para o ensino de Geografia, além de possibilitar o se fazer professor e professora no dia a dia da profissão.
EDUCAÇÃO MUSICAL E INCLUSÃO: POSSIBILIDADES DE ATUAÇÃO
Authors: Wille Regiana Blank , Medina Luana , Lang Andréia De Souza , Miranda Diocelena 
Published: November 2018

Este artigo traz reflexões acerca da importância de repensar a formação profissional dos futuros professores de Música no que se refere à inclusão de crianças com deficiência. Tendo em vista que a demanda de alunos com deficiências aumentou o déficit de suporte e conhecimento necessários para atender esses alunos também é considerável. A partir disso, é trazida a experiência que ocorre dentro do Curso de Música Licenciatura através dos projetos de pesquisa, ensino extensão. São descritos aspectos teóricos e metodológicos que fundamentam o trabalho com inclusão realizado nesses projetos, bem como sua importância para a formação dos futuros educadores musicais. Como resultado, percebemos a necessidade de criação de mais projetos de pesquisa com esse objetivo, estimular os estudos sobre a Educação Musical e Inclusão de pessoas com deficiências.
A ação do sindicalismo em Portugal: a escala nacional, regional e global
Authors: Campos Alfredo Paula 
Published: November 2018

O artigo procede a uma análise das várias escalas de acção do sindicalismo, enquanto movimento chave na defesa do Direito ao Trabalho. Parte-se de uma discussão sobre a centralidade do trabalho, para chegar à reestruturação dos sistemas produtivos e a uma análise do trabalho a partir da economia política. Analisa-se seguidamente a desfiliação social do indivíduo, constituindo estas dinâmicas grandes desafios para o movimento sindical. A partir destes pressupostos, parte-se para uma discussão do papel do sindicalismo na defesa do Direito ao Trabalho, e à forma como tem reagido às diversas transformações referidas, salientando os desafios com que se defronta e as possibilidades de reforço. Finalmente, analisam-se as várias escalas em que se pode dar a acção sindical – nacional, regional, europeia e internacional – explanando-se as potencialidades e dificuldades que o sindicalismo encontra em cada uma destas escalas na defesa do Direito ao Trabalho. Conclui-se que o sindicalismo, conforme a escala considerada, tem por um lado diferentes formas de acção, por outro que encontra diferentes dificuldades. Assim, verifica-se que quanto mais reduzida a escala, maiores as capacidades do movimento sindical na defesa do Direito ao Trabalho, capacidades que se vão reduzindo à medida que se aumenta de escala, o que se considera constituir um desafio premente, na medida em que a defesa do Direito ao Trabalho exige a articulação efectiva da luta sindical nas suas várias escalas.