bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On development of portable digital holographic speckle pattern interferometry system for remote‐access monitoring and documentation in art conservation
Authors: Tornari Vivi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractArtworks are delicate objects representative of the most high values of human kind that require constant control over the situation they are in and effective actions to preserve them and deliver them safely to next generations. As such, the non‐destructive or minimally destructive nature of operator–artwork interactions has been considered as essential in this field. The complete diagnosis of the status of the art object signifying a full knowledge of invisible defects and their morphology allows its timely and correct maintenance and ensures its durability. It is herein presented the basic technical information on the development of a portable system termed Digital Holographic Speckle Pattern Interferometry (DHSPI) for the structural diagnosis of works of art. DHSPI has been tested on a variety of conservation problems over the years. It is a completely portable and fully PC driven automated system for the detection and non‐destructive diagnosis of the structural alterations of an artwork, whether they are defects lying on the subsurface or between the layers below it, the fringe number information allows the depth estimation and the complete documentation. The system exploits the benefits of a highly coherent laser beam as essential presupposition for remote on‐field access—that is the main emphasis given here—to immovable/movable art objects. It takes advantage of a CCD camera as photosensitive medium to record the interference of the retro reflected object laser beam from the object under consideration with a twin reference laser beam. The device allows micro projections of the defects on the surface of the object to be detected with a resolution that corresponds to half the wavelength of the laser beam. Local disparities, in relation to the total response of the object, are directly correlated to the detected microdisplacement of object surface as structural defects. Special tailor‐made software allows full control of the system, processing of the data, and extraction of anomalies. Direct visual qualitative observation of the displacement processes is followed as captured in the monitor. A second custom‐made software—not presented in detail here—enables further processing of the results to improve their imaging, quantification, and dimensioning. The final result is a quantitative map of alterations, the coordinates, and the classification of their risks which can be also extracted if further information is necessary. The qualitative or quantitative documentation map can be used as a guide to the conservator for maintenance and restoration work. Further on, the system also allows observation of the object's response to climate changes in order to predict the formation of alterations or the evolution of existing ones providing the only known direct tool for scheduling preservation strategies.
Determination of viremia cut‐off for risk to develop BKPyV‐associated nephropathy among kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Bicalho Camila Silva , Oliveira Renato dos Reis , David Daísa Ribeiro , Fink Maria Cristina Domingues Silva , Agena Fabiana , Castro Maria Cristina , Panutti Cláudio , David‐Neto Elias , Pierrotti Ligia Camera 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundBK polyomavirus (BKPyV)‐associated nephropathy (BKPyVAN) is a consequence of BKPyV replication in the urinary tract in kidney transplant recipients (KTR).ObjectivesThe objectives were to determine the prevalence of BKPyV replication and BKPyVAN, risk factors associated to sustained viremia and BKPyVAN, and viremia cut‐off that best predict the occurrence of sustained viremia and nephropathy in KTR of a single University Hospital Kidney Transplant Center.Patients and MethodsAll KTR undergoing transplantation from August 2010 to December 2011 were enrolled and monitored up to 2 years posttransplantation for BKPyV viruria by decoy cells shedding or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and viremia by PCR. Kidney biopsy was indicated if sustained viremia (two or more viremia above 10 000 copies/mL) to confirm BKPyVAN diagnosis.ResultsIn this study, 326 transplants were performed and 246 patients were included. Prevalence of viruria was 36.9%, viremia 22.3% and nephropathy 3.2%. Male gender was the only risk factor associated to sustained viremia or nephropathy. Cut‐off value of viremia that best discriminates the progression to sustained viremia and to BKPyVAN was 37 488 and 44 956 copies/mL, respectively.ConclusionsPrevalence of viruria, viremia, and nephropathy were similar to those reported in literature but the cut‐off value of viremia that best discriminates the risk of progression to nephropathy was greater than the value usually reported, which is 10 000 copies/mL.
Health workers’ knowledge of zoonotic diseases in an endemic region of Western Uganda
Authors: Benon Asiimwe B. , Juliet Kiguli , Samuel Majalija , Catherine Kansiime , Benjamin Sunday , Michael Mahero , Innocent Rwego B. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMany factors, including lack of knowledge, influence diagnosis and reporting of disease in Sub‐Saharan Africa. Health Care workers (HCWs) are in constant interaction with communities and play an important role in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases, including zoonoses. We determined knowledge of HCWs regarding cause, vector, transmission, diagnosis and clinical symptoms of five zoonotic diseases: anthrax, brucellosis, rabies as well as Ebola and marburg haemorrhagic fevers in endemic western Uganda. This was a descriptive cross‐sectional study among HCWs based at health centres in and around Queen Elizabeth Conservation Area, Western Uganda. A self‐administered questionnaire was used to measure knowledge of these five most common zoonoses recently recorded in the area. Data were captured as true if the responses were correct or false if incorrect. Analyses were in STATA and inferential statistics by cross‐tabulation, and a chi‐square P‐value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. A majority (114/140; 81.4%) of the respondents had heard about zoonoses. The most accurately identified zoonoses were anthrax (128/140; 91.4%) closely followed by rabies (126/140; 90%), while only 21 (15%) respondents knew that cryptosporidiosis was zoonotic. Up to 20% (28/140) and 12.8% (18/140) thought that malaria and HIV, respectively, were zoonotic. There was poor overall knowledge of the endemic diseases brucellosis among all the participants, where only 1.4% (2/140) knew its causative agent, clinical symptoms and transmission. There was a total lack of knowledge (0%) about anthrax and Ebola whereby none of the 140 HCWs knew all the three above aspects required to be knowledgeable for each of the two diseases. Generally, there was poor knowledge of the five zoonoses. We recommend that medical curricula incorporate training on zoonotic and other emerging diseases, and continuing medical education regarding zoonoses should be designed for the HCWs practicing in hotspot zones.
Multisensory activation of ventral cochlear nucleus D‐stellate cells modulates dorsal cochlear nucleus principal cell spatial coding
Authors: Wu Calvin , Shore Susan E. 
Published: August 2018

Key points
Dorsal cochlear nucleus fusiform cells receive spectrally relevant auditory input for sound localization.
Fusiform cells integrate auditory with other multisensory inputs.
Here we elucidate how somatosensory and vestibular stimulation modify the fusiform cell spatial code through activation of an inhibitory interneuron: the ventral cochlear nucleus D‐stellate cell.
These results suggests that multisensory cues interact early in an ascending sensory pathway to serve an essential function.
AbstractIn the cochlear nucleus (CN), the first central site for coding sound location, numerous multisensory projections and their modulatory effects have been reported. However, multisensory influences on sound location processing in the CN remain unknown. The principal output neurons of the dorsal CN, fusiform cells, encode spatial information through frequency‐selective responses to direction‐dependent spectral features. Here, single‐unit recordings from the guinea pig CN revealed transient alterations by somatosensory and vestibular stimulation in fusiform cell spatial coding. Changes in fusiform cell spectral sensitivity correlated with multisensory modulation of ventral CN D‐stellate cell responses, which provide direct, wideband inhibition to fusiform cells. These results suggest that multisensory inputs contribute to spatial coding in DCN fusiform cells via an inhibitory interneuron, the D‐stellate cell. This early multisensory integration circuit likely confers important consequences on perceptual organization downstream.
Spinal dorsal horn astrocytes release GABA in response to synaptic activation
Authors: Christensen Rasmus Kordt , Delgado‐Lezama Rodolfo , Russo Raúl E. , Lind Barbara Lykke , Alcocer Emanuel Loeza , Rath Martin Fredensborg , Fabbiani Gabriela , Schmitt Nicole , Lauritzen Martin , Petersen Anders Victor , Carlsen Eva Meier , Perrier Jean‐François 
Published: August 2018

Key points
GABA is an essential molecule for sensory information processing. It is usually assumed to be released by neurons.
Here we show that in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, astrocytes respond to glutamate by releasing GABA.
Our findings suggest a novel role for astrocytes in somatosensory information processing.
AbstractAstrocytes participate in neuronal signalling by releasing gliotransmitters in response to neurotransmitters. We investigated if astrocytes from the dorsal horn of the spinal cord of adult red‐eared turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans) release GABA in response to glutamatergic receptor activation. For this, we developed a GABA sensor consisting of HEK cells expressing GABAA receptors. By positioning the sensor recorded in the whole‐cell patch‐clamp configuration within the dorsal horn of a spinal cord slice, we could detect GABA in the extracellular space. Puff application of glutamate induced GABA release events with time courses that exceeded the duration of inhibitory postsynaptic currents by one order of magnitude. Because the events were neither affected by extracellular addition of nickel, cadmium and tetrodotoxin nor by removal of Ca2+, we concluded that they originated from non‐neuronal cells. Immunohistochemical staining allowed the detection of GABA in a fraction of dorsal horn astrocytes. The selective stimulation of A∂ and C fibres in a dorsal root filament induced a Ca2+ increase in astrocytes loaded with Oregon Green BAPTA. Finally, chelating Ca2+ in a single astrocyte was sufficient to prevent the GABA release evoked by glutamate. Our results indicate that glutamate triggers the release of GABA from dorsal horn astrocytes with a time course compatible with the integration of sensory inputs.
Development and Validation of 13-plex Luminex-Based Assay for Measuring Human Serum Antibodies to
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Capsular Polysaccharides
Authors: Pavliakova Danka , Giardina Peter C. , Moghazeh Soraya , Sebastian Shite , Koster Maya , Pavliak Viliam , McKeen Andrew , French Roger , Jansen Kathrin U. , Pride Michael 
Published: August 2018

The pneumococcal enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) measures IgG antibodies in human serum, and it is an important assay that supports licensure of pneumococcal vaccines. The immune correlate of protection, 0.35 µg/ml of IgG antibodies, was determined by the ELISA method. Pfizer has developed a new Luminex-based assay platform to replace the ELISA. These papers describe the important work of (i) validating the Luminex-based assay and (ii) bridging the immune correlate of protection (0.35 µg/ml IgG) to equivalent values reported by the Luminex platform.
Advancing quality in sepsis management: a large-scale programme for improving sepsis recognition and management in the North West region of England
Authors: Nsutebu Emmanuel Fru , Ibarz-Pavón Ana Belén , Kanwar Elizabeth , Prospero Nancy , French Neil , McGrath Conor 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of a collaborative programme for the early recognition and management of patients admitted with sepsis in the northwest of England.Setting14 hospitals in the northwest of England.InterventionA quality improvement programme (Advancing Quality (AQ) Sepsis) that promoted a sepsis care bundle including time-based recording of early warning scores, documenting systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria and suspected source of infection, taking of blood cultures, measuring serum lactate levels, administration of intravenous antibiotics, administration of oxygen, fluid resuscitation, measurement of fluid balance and senior review.Main outcome measuresInpatient mortality, 30-day readmission rates and duration of hospital ≥10 days.ResultsData for 7776 patients were included in this study between 1 July 2014 and 29 December 2015. Participation in the AQ Sepsis programme was associated with a reduction in readmissions within 30 days (OR 0.81 (0.69–0.95)) and hospital stays over 10 days (OR 0.69 (0.60–0.78)). However, there was no reduction in mortality. Administration of a second litre of intravenous fluid within 2 hours, oxygen therapy and review by a senior clinician were associated with increased mortality. Starting a fluid balance chart within 4 hours was the only clinical process measure that did not affect mortality. Taking a blood culture sample, administering antibiotic therapy and measuring serum lactate within 3 hours of hospital arrival were all associated with reduced mortality (OR 0.69 (0.59–0.81), OR 0.77 (0.67–0.89) and OR 0.64 (0.54–0.77), respectively) and shorter hospitalisations (OR 0.58 (0.49–0.69), OR0.81 (0.70–0.94) and OR 0.54 (0.45–0.66), respectively). However, none of these measures had an impact on the risk of readmission to hospital within 30 days.ConclusionsThe AQ Sepsis collaborative in northwest of England improved readmission and length of stay for patients admitted with sepsis but did not affect mortality. Further cost-effectiveness evaluation of the programme is needed.
Subjugation of TGFβ Signaling by Human Papilloma Virus in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Shifts DNA Repair from Homologous Recombination to Alternative End Joining
Authors: Liu Qi , Ma Lin , Jones Trevor , Palomero Luis , Pujana Miquel Angel , Martinez-Ruiz Haydeliz , Ha Patrick K. , Murnane John , Cuartas Isabel , Seoane Joan , Baumann Michael , Linge Annett , Barcellos-Hoff Mary Helen 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Purpose:
Following cytotoxic therapy, 70% of patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are alive at 5 years compared with 30% of those with similar HPV-negative cancer. Loss of TGFβ signaling is a poorly studied consequence of HPV that could contribute to patient outcome by compromising DNA repair.

Experimental Design:
Human HNSCC cell lines (n = 9), patient-derived xenografts (n = 9), tissue microarray (n = 194), TCGA expression data (n = 279), and primary tumor specimens (n = 10) were used to define the relationship between TGFβ competency, response to DNA damage, and type of DNA repair.

Results:
Analysis of HNSCC specimens in situ and in vitro showed that HPV associated with loss of TGFβ signaling that increased response to radiation or cisplatin. TGFβ suppressed miR-182, which inhibited both BRCA1, necessary for homologous recombination repair (HRR), and FOXO3, required for ATM kinase activity. TGFβ signaling blockade by either HPV or inhibitors released miR182 control, compromised HRR and increased response to PARP inhibition. Antagonizing miR-182 rescued the HRR deficit in HPV-positive cells. Loss of TGFβ signaling unexpectedly increased repair by error prone, alternative end-joining (alt-EJ).

Conclusions:
HPV-positive HNSCC cells are unresponsive to TGFβ. Abrogated TGFβ signaling compromises repair by HRR and increases reliance on alt-EJ, which provides a mechanistic basis for sensitivity to PARP inhibitors. The effect of HPV in HNSCC provides critical validation of TGFβ’s role in DNA repair proficiency and further raises the translational potential of TGFβ inhibitors in cancer therapy.
BMI1 Drives Metastasis of Prostate Cancer in Caucasian and African-American Men and Is A Potential Therapeutic Target: Hypothesis Tested in Race-specific Models
Authors: Ganaie Arsheed A. , Beigh Firdous H. , Astone Matteo , Ferrari Marina G. , Maqbool Raihana , Umbreen Syed , Parray Aijaz S. , Siddique Hifzur R. , Hussain Tabish , Murugan Paari , Morrissey Colm , Koochekpour Shahriar , Deng Yibin , Konety Badrinath R. , Hoeppner Luke H. , Saleem Mohammad 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Purpose:
Metastasis is the major cause of mortality in prostate cancer patients. Factors such as genetic makeup and race play critical role in the outcome of therapies. This study was conducted to investigate the relevance of BMI1 in metastatic prostate cancer disease in Caucasian and African-Americans.

Experimental Design:
We employed race-specific prostate cancer models, clinical specimens, clinical data mining, gene-microarray, transcription-reporter assay, chromatin-immunoprecipitation (ChIP), IHC, transgenic-(tgfl/fl) zebrafish, and mouse metastasis models.

Results:
BMI1 expression was observed to be elevated in metastatic tumors (lymph nodes, lungs, bones, liver) of Caucasian and African-American prostate cancer patients. The comparative analysis of stage III/IV tumors showed an increased BMI1 expression in African-Americans than Caucasians. TCGA and NIH/GEO clinical data corroborated to our findings. We show that BMI1 expression (i) positively correlates to metastatic (MYC, VEGF, cyclin D1) and (ii) negative correlates to tumor suppressor (INKF4A/p16, PTEN) levels in tumors. The correlation was prominent in African-American tumors. We show that BMI1 regulates the transcriptional activation of MYC, VEGF, INKF4A/p16, and PTEN. We show the effect of pharmacological inhibition of BMI1 on the metastatic genome and invasiveness of tumor cells. Next, we show the anti-metastatic efficacy of BMI1-inhibitor in transgenic zebrafish and mouse metastasis models. Docetaxel as monotherapy has poor outcome on the growth of metastatic tumors. BMI1 inhibitor as an adjuvant improved the taxane therapy in race-based in vitro and in vivo models.

Conclusions:
BMI1, a major driver of metastasis, represents a promising therapeutic target for treating advanced prostate cancer in patients (including those belonging to high-risk group).
BET Bromodomain Inhibition Cooperates with PD-1 Blockade to Facilitate Antitumor Response in Kras-Mutant Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Adeegbe Dennis O. , Liu Shengwu , Hattersley Maureen M. , Bowden Michaela , Zhou Chensheng W. , Li Shuai , Vlahos Raven , Grondine Michael , Dolgalev Igor , Ivanova Elena V. , Quinn Max M. , Gao Peng , Hammerman Peter S. , Bradner James E. , Diehl J. Alan , Rustgi Anil K. , Bass Adam J. , Tsirigos Aristotelis , Freeman Gordon J. , Chen Huawei , Wong Kwok-Kin 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
KRAS mutation is present in approximately 30% of human lung adenocarcinomas. Although recent advances in targeted therapy have shown great promise, effective targeting of KRAS remains elusive, and concurrent alterations in tumor suppressors render KRAS-mutant tumors even more resistant to existing therapies. Contributing to the refractoriness of KRAS-mutant tumors are immunosuppressive mechanisms, such as increased presence of suppressive regulatory T cells (Treg) in tumors and elevated expression of the inhibitory receptor PD-1 on tumor-infiltrating T cells. Treatment with BET bromodomain inhibitors is beneficial for hematologic malignancies, and they have Treg-disruptive effects in a non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) model. Targeting PD-1–inhibitory signals through PD-1 antibody blockade also has substantial therapeutic impact in lung cancer, although these outcomes are limited to a minority of patients. We hypothesized that the BET bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 would synergize with PD-1 blockade to promote a robust antitumor response in lung cancer. In the present study, using Kras+/LSL-G12D; Trp53L/L (KP) mouse models of NSCLC, we identified cooperative effects between JQ1 and PD-1 antibody. The numbers of tumor-infiltrating Tregs were reduced and activation of tumor-infiltrating T cells, which had a T-helper type 1 (Th1) cytokine profile, was enhanced, underlying their improved effector function. Furthermore, lung tumor–bearing mice treated with this combination showed robust and long-lasting antitumor responses compared with either agent alone, culminating in substantial improvement in the overall survival of treated mice. Thus, combining BET bromodomain inhibition with immune checkpoint blockade offers a promising therapeutic approach for solid malignancies such as lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(10); 1234–45. ©2018 AACR.
Vowel Reduction in Coratino (South Italy): Phonological and Phonetic Perspectives
Authors: Bucci Jonathan , Perrier Pascal , Gerber Silvain , Schwartz Jean-Luc 
Published: August 2018

AbstractVowel reduction may involve phonetic reduction processes, with nonreached targets, and/or phonological processes in which a vowel target is changed for another target, possibly schwa. Coratino, a dialect of southern Italy, displays complex vowel reduction processes assumed to be phonological. We analyzed a corpus representative of vowel reduction in Coratino, based on a set of a hundred pairs of words contrasting a stressed and an unstressed version of a given vowel in a given consonant environment, produced by 10 speakers. We report vowelformants together with consonant-to-vowel formant trajectories and durations, and show that these data are rather in agreement with a change in vowel target from /i e ɛ·ɔ u/ to schwa when the vowel is a non-word-initial unstressed utterance, unless the vowel shares a place-of-articulation feature with the preceding or following consonant. Interestingly, it also appears that there are 2 targets for phonological reduction, differing in F1 values. A “higher schwa” - which could be considered as /ɨ/ - corresponds to reduction for high vowels /i u/ while a “lower schwa” - which could be considered as /ə/ - corresponds to reduction for midhigh