bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of a Nonexercise Estimate for Prestroke Peak Vo 2 During the Acute Stroke Hospital Stay
Authors: Mattlage Anna E. , Redlin Sara A. , Rosterman Lee R. , Harn Nick , Sisante Jason-Flor V. , Abraham Michael G. , Billinger Sandra A. 
Published: July 2018

Purpose:
For individuals with acute stroke, it is difficult to conduct an exercise test to assess peak oxygen consumption (peak Vo
2). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to use a clinically feasible tool for assessing prestroke peak Vo
2 using a nonexercise estimation equation to test whether estimated prestroke peak Vo
2 was related to the functional outcome measures at discharge from the hospital in individuals after an acute stroke. We hypothesized that the estimated prestroke peak Vo
2 would be significantly related to discharge Physical Performance Test (PPT), 6-minute walk test (6MWT), and lower extremity Fugl-Meyer (LEFM) assessment.

Methods:
Estimated prestroke peak Vo
2 was calculated using a previously validated prediction equation using the following variables: body mass index, age, sex, resting heart rate, and a self-reported measure of physical activity. Outcome measures were assessed 4 days after enrollment or immediately before discharge (whichever occurred first).

Results:
Thirty-four participants (mean age = 56.0, SD = 12.6 years; 20 men) with acute stroke were enrolled within 48 hours of admission. For all individuals, mean estimated prestroke peak Vo
2 was 27.3 (SD = 7.4) mL·kg−1·min−1 and had a weak, nonsignificant relationship with the PPT (r = 0.19; P = .28), 6MWT (r = 0.10; P = .56), and LEFM (r = 0.32; P = .06). However, when considering sex, women, but not men, had a significant relationship with LEFM (r = 0.73; P = .005) and moderate but nonsignificant relationship with PPT (r = 0.53; P = .06) and 6MWT (r = 0.47; P = .10).

Conclusions:
Within 48 hours of stroke admission, we were able to administer a nonexercise equation to estimate prestroke peak Vo
2. For the entire sample, functional measures conducted at discharge were not related to estimated prestroke peak Vo
2. However, when considering sex, the relationship between prestroke Vo
2 and the functional measures was strengthened.
Examination of Arterial Stiffness and Neurodynamics of Middle-Aged Individuals: A Pilot Study
Authors: Gugliotti Mark , Ingenito Teresa , Douris Peter , Jung Min-Kyung , Asaro Alessandro , Epifania Jillian , Garrick Robert , Kartsev Gleb , Lin Yiyu , Mathew Brian , Paul Anika 
Published: July 2018

Purpose:
Increases in arterial stiffness can result in higher pulse wave velocity (PWV) of the arterial blood leading to arterial vascular disease. Studies have shown high PWV is correlated to poor trunk and hamstring flexibility. Poor trunk and hamstring flexibility has additionally been correlated to the presence of neuropathodynamics (NPD) within the peripheral nervous system. Although the coexistence of poor hamstring flexibility and NPD is clear, a paucity of data exists to suggest any relationship between NPD and increased arterial stiffness. We hypothesized a significant relationship would exist between NPD and increased arterial stiffness.

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study. The PWV, blood pressure, range of motion, hamstring flexibility, and neurodynamic response to a straight leg raise was measured in 47 middle-aged adults. Correlation and regression analyses were performed to examine relationships among PWV, age, blood pressure, sex, fitness level, hamstring flexibility, and neurodynamic response.

Results:
The presence of NPD was found not to be a significant predictor of PWV. Only systolic blood pressure (SBP) (P = .003) and age (P = .012) was found to be significant predictor variables for PWV.

Conclusions:
The results of this study show no significant relationship between NPD and arterial stiffness. Our findings do, however, indicate that SBP and age should be considered valid predictor variables of underlying arterial vascular disease.
Csmd2 is a Synaptic Transmembrane Protein that Interacts with PSD-95
Authors: Gutierrez Mark A , Dwyer Brett E , Franco Santos J 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMutations and copy number variants of the Cub and Sushi Multiple Domains 2 (CSMD2) gene are associated with schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder. CSMD2 is a single-pass transmembrane protein with a large extracellular domain comprising repeats of Cub and Sushi domains. Although the biological functions of CSMD2 have not been studied, the association between CSMD2 variants and cognitive function suggest that it may have a role in brain development or function. In this study, we show that mouse Csmd2 is expressed in excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the brain. Csmd2 protein exhibits a somatodendritic localization in the neocortex and hippocampus, with smaller puncta localizing further out in the neuropil. We show that many of these Csmd2 puncta co-localize with the synaptic protein PSD-95. Using immunohistochemical and biochemical methods, we further demonstrate that Csmd2 localizes to dendritic spines and is enriched in the postsynaptic density. We also find Csmd2 at ribbon synapses of the inner plexiform layer of the retina, suggesting a broader synaptic function of Csmd2 in the central nervous system. Finally, we show that the cytoplasmic tail domain of Csmd2 interacts with synaptic scaffolding proteins of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) family. The association between Csmd2 and MAGUK member PSD-95 is dependent on a PDZ-binding domain on the Csmd2 tail, which is also required for synaptic targeting of Csmd2. Together, these results point toward a function for Csmd2 in dendrites and synapses, which may account for its association with several psychiatric disorders.
Investigating different options in course delivery – traditional vs online: is there another option?
Authors: Hass Ashley , Joseph Mathew 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine students’ perceptions of online vs traditional (face-to-face) course offerings at the business school of a liberal arts university in southwest USA. The research compares perceptions of students who have been subjected to online education along with those who have not been exposed to online education and examines likelihood to take online courses.

Design/methodology/approach
Paper and pencil surveys were distributed in different classes in business classes at a university in southwest USA. The target group was undergraduate students.

Findings
The results indicate that overall, students have neutral perceptions about online courses, while favorable perceptions are strongly associated with likelihood to take online courses. Moreover, prior exposure with online courses is not a significant factor in forming favorable perceptions about online courses.

Research limitations/implications
The present research is limited in generalizability and the institution surveyed in the southwest region is new to online courses offering in their curriculum and not all the participants had prior experience with online courses.

Originality/value
Although this paper compares online education with traditional, another option for methods of education include hybrid models incorporating both. A possible third option not discussed through this research is a hybrid or blended learning course, a combination of both online and traditional courses. This opens the options for the student, as hybrid courses can be built with many different options. One includes using technology for “screencasts” or lectures online.
Lifecycle view of managing different changes in projects
Authors: Vuorinen Lauri , Martinsuo Miia Maarit 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
A project contractor can promote the success of a delivery project by planning the project well and following a project management methodology (PMM). However, various changes typically take place, requiring changes to the project plan and actions that deviate from the firm’s established PMM. The purpose of this paper is to explore different types of changes and change management activities over the lifecycle of delivery projects.

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative single case study design was used. In total, 17 semi-structured interviews were carried out during a delivery project in a medium-sized engineering company that delivers complex systems to industrial customers.

Findings
Both plan-related changes and deviations from the PMM were mapped throughout the project lifecycle. Various internal and external sources of change were identified. An illustrative example of the interconnectedness of the changes reveals the potential escalation of changes over the project lifecycle. Managers and project personnel engage in different change management activities and improvisation to create alternative paths, re-plan, catch up, and optimize project performance after changes.

Research limitations/implications
The empirical study is limited to a single case study setting and a single industry. The findings draw attention to the interconnectedness and potential escalation effect of changes over the lifecycle of the project, and the need for integrated change management and improvisation actions.

Practical implications
Efficient change management and improvisation at the early phase of a delivery project can potentially mitigate negative change incidents in later project phases. Changes are not only the project manager’s concern; project personnel’s skilled change responses are also helpful. The findings emphasize the importance of the project customer as a source of changes in delivery projects, meaning that customer relationship management throughout the project lifecycle is needed for successful change management.

Originality/value
The study offers increased understanding of changes and change management throughout the project lifecycle. The results show evidence of plan-related and methodology-related changes and their interconnections, thereby proposing a lifecycle view of integrated change management and improvisation in projects.
Development and validation of a formative scale of technological advancement in hotels from the guest perspective
Authors: Ruiz-Molina Maria-Eugenia , Servera-Francés David , Arteaga-Moreno Francisco , Gil-Saura Irene 
Published: July 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is, first, to review the main conceptual proposals for the study of information and communication technologies (ICT) in tourism companies, and second, to develop and validate a formative scale for measuring the degree of technological advancement in hotels, based on the perceptions of a sample of Spanish hotel guests.Design/methodology/approachAfter a literature review on the measurement of technology advancement in tourism, a formative scale for ICT advancement in hotels from the guest perspective is developed and validated through a multiple-indicator, multiple-cause model estimated through partial least squares regression with data from 197 Spanish hotel guests.FindingsResults of the empirical research allow validating the proposed formative scale for measuring technological advancement in hotels, identifying solutions that hotel guests mainly associate with highly technified establishments.Research limitations/implicationsThe proposed and validated formative scale for measuring the degree of technological advancement of hotels is expected to enable the proposal of models where the relations between central variables in consumer behaviour research (e.g. value) and their dependent variables (e.g. satisfaction) may be influenced by guests’ perception of hotel technology.Originality/valueThis paper presents an initial attempt to develop a scale for measuring the degree of technological advancement of tourism companies, a topic that has received scant attention in acad`emic research in spite of the importance of technology in this industry.
A spectral analysis based heteroscedastic model for the estimation of value at risk
Authors: Zhao Yang 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to focus on a better model to capture the trait of varying volatility in various financial time series, as well as to obtain reliable estimate of value at risk (VaR).

Design/methodology/approach
The typical methods in spectral analysis are used to obtain the sample of conditional mean, conditional variance and residual term. The generalized regression neural network is used to establish a time-varying non-linear model, and the non-parametric kernel density estimation method is applied for the estimation of VaR.

Findings
The proposed model is able to follow the heteroscedastic characteristic which is common in financial time series, and the estimated VaR is satisfactory.

Practical implications
The analysis method in this study allows the hedgers, bankers, financial analysts as well as economists to draw a better inference from financial time series. Also, relatively more precise estimate of the VaR value for a certain kind of financial asset is available. The model with its derived estimates would definitely help in developing other models.

Originality/value
Up-to-date, the study in literature which models financial time serial from the viewpoint of spectral analysis is rare to see. Thus, the proposed model, along with a comprehensive empirical study which reveals desirable result for the estimation of VaR would enrich the related researches at present.
Narrative persuasion in social media: an empirical study of luxury brand advertising
Authors: Huang Ran , Ha Sejin , Kim Sun-Hwa 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the effectiveness of social media communication in luxury brand advertising from a narrative persuasion perspective. Specific purposes are to examine how characteristics of a message giver (i.e. comprehension fluency, imagery fluency) and message receiver (i.e. transportability, need for affect) influence the narrative persuasion process which further affects consumers’ subsequent responses (i.e. positive affect, brand social networking services [SNS] attitudes and intentions) within the luxury hotel industry.

Design/methodology/approach
An online survey was performed via Amazon MTurk. A total of 193 usable responses from SNS users were obtained. The structural equation modeling approach was used to test the proposed model.

Findings
Results show that comprehension fluency and imagery fluency as message-giver factors and transportability as a message-receiver factor positively affect narrative transportation. In addition, narrative transportation leads to positive affect, brand SNS attitudes and visit intentions, while positive affect also influences brand SNS attitudes and visit intentions. Furthermore, additional analyses indicate that narrative transportation mediates the effects of comprehension fluency on affect and brand SNS as well as the effects of transportability on positive affect, brand SNS attitude and visit intention.

Originality/value
Characteristics of a message giver and message receiver altogether are not well understood in the current literature. Empirical evidence in this study contributes to the social media marketing and brand advertising research fields.
A case study on narrative structures in instructional MOOC designs
Authors: Höfler Elke , Zimmermann Claudia , Ebner Martin 
Published: July 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to share the lessons learned in implementing specific design patterns within the “Dr Internet” massive open online course (MOOC).Design/methodology/approachMOOCs are boasting considerable participant numbers, but also suffer from declining participant activity and low completion rates. Learning analytics results from earlier xMOOCs indicate that this might be alleviated by certain instructional design patterns – critical aspects include shorter course duration, narrative structures with suspense peaks, and a course schedule that is diversified and stimulating. To evaluate their impact on retention, the authors have tried to implement these patterns in the design of the “Dr Internet” MOOC.FindingsStatistical results from the first run of the case study MOOC do not indicate any strong influences of these design patterns on the retention rate.Research limitations/implicationsWith inconclusive statistical results from this case study, more research with higher participant numbers is needed to gain insight on the effectiveness of these design patterns in MOOCs. When interpreting retention outcomes, other influencing factors (course content, pacing, timing, etc.) need to be taken into account.Originality/valueThis publication reports about a case study MOOC and gives practical hints for further research.
Service models and culture: impact on work behaviours
Authors: Mathies Christine , Lee Jenny (Jiyeon) , Wong Anthony 
Published: July 2018

PurposeService employees’ cultural values play an integral part in the service encounter. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether frontline employees’ (FLEs) individual cultural values moderate the relationship between service models and work behaviours and whether these behaviours influence their psychological well-being.Design/methodology/approachData were collected online from 341 US and Indian respondents who spent at least 40 per cent of their work time interacting with customers. Cultural values were measured as individual-level constructs. Partial least squares structural equation modelling was used to test hypotheses.FindingsIndividualism/collectivism significantly moderates the relationship between service models and work-related outcome, in particular organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB), while uncertainty avoidance does not. Collectivism strengthens the positive linkage between the win-win service model and OCB but weakens the association of OCB with the efficiency model. FLEs with the win-win model display more surface acting when they have low uncertainty avoidance and high power distance. Employee psychological well-being is then influenced negatively by surface acting, but positively by OCB.Research limitations/implicationsA more varied sample covering additional countries and a wider range of industries could provide additional insights.Practical implicationsThe results of this study are particularly beneficial for service firms that require to satisfy customers by managing culturally diverse FLEs.Originality/valueExtending the limited research on service models, this study examines the interplay of culture and service models and its impact on FLE work behaviours and the resultant well-being. The findings thus provide greater insights in how service employees’ cultural orientations influence their work behaviours and psychological well-being.
Testing the impact of citizen characteristics and demeanor on police officer behavior in potentially violent encounters
Authors: James Lois , James Stephen , Vila Bryan 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether citizen characteristics (race/ethnicity and attire) or demeanor predicted how officers interacted in simulation scenarios that could turn violent.

Design/methodology/approach
Controlled-laboratory experiments were conducted during which police participants (n=50) responded to equivalent numbers of black, white, and Hispanic individuals in multiple branching video scenarios in a use-of-force simulator. Within these scenarios, the attire of on-screen individuals was varied (“street” or “business” clothing) as was their demeanor – individuals were either friendly or confrontational. Each scenario had the potential to end peaceably or turn violent, depending on how the officers treated people in the simulator.

Findings
Multi-level modeling revealed that neither the race/ethnicity nor the attire of on-screen individuals predicted how officers interacted with them. However, the demeanor of on-screen individuals did – officers were significantly more likely to verbally escalate and end up with a deadly outcome when faced with confrontational individuals (f=3.96; df=1, 558; p<0.05).

Research limitations/implications
These findings offer important new insight into how fairly officers interact with people during routine encounters that have the potential to turn violent, and what this means for perceptions of police legitimacy, procedural justice, and allegations of racial bias.

Originality/value
This is the first laboratory study to test the impact of citizen characteristics and demeanor on how officers escalate and de-escalate encounters.
The consequences of restricting police arrest authority: less deterrence and more crime
Authors: Mourtgos Scott M. , Wise Richard A. , Petros Thomas 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
Past research indicates that increasing police arrests deters crime. However, little research exists on how restricting police arrests affects crime. The purpose of this paper is to test whether restrictions on police authority to arrest affects deterrence and crime rates.

Design/methodology/approach
The data consisted of crime statistics for 105 criminal suspects from a medium-sized police department in the western USA. A 2×4 mixed analysis of variance compared the suspects’ criminal activity for a four-month period before and after the arrest restrictions were imposed to ascertain how they affected deterrence and crime rates.

Findings
The restrictions on police arrests significantly increased the crime rate. Moreover, the crime rate increased the longer the restrictions on police arrest authority were in effect. In sum, the present study provides empirical support for the hypothesis that restrictions on police arrest authority decrease deterrence and increase the crime rate.

Practical implications
The present study suggests that restrictions on police arrest authority decreases deterrence and may significantly increase the crime rate. The restrictions may also have deleterious effects on police departments. Several states have recently imposed restrictions on police authority to arrest, and many other states are considering implementing such restrictions. Policy makers should carefully consider the results of the present study before implementing these policies.

Originality/value
The study fills a void in the crime literature by demonstrating that restrictions on police authority to arrest can decrease deterrence and increase the crime rate.
Explaining the Brexit Referendum: The Role of Worker Skill Level in Voter Decisions
Authors: Park Youngduek , Kim Yongmin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOn 23 June 2016, the UK's ‘Brexit’ referendum saw a majority vote to leave the EU—a result that shocked the world. Using European Social Survey data, we argue that Brexit was not simply decided by less‐educated voters who did not understand the EU's value. Pro‐Brexit votes were determined by economic interests as well as emotional, psychological, and attitudinal factors related to European integration. We demonstrate that skill level played a more important role in voter decision than education, gender, age, and political stance.
The Dynamics of Blood Drop Release from Swinging Objects in the Creation of Cast‐off Bloodstain Patterns
Authors: Williams Elisabeth M. P. , Graham Emma S. , Jermy Mark C. , Kieser David C. , Taylor Michael C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAlthough the characteristics of cast‐off bloodstain patterns are well known, the physics of the mechanism by which they are created is poorly understood. The aim of this work was to describe the process by which blood droplets disengage from swinging objects. Cast‐off droplets were recorded using high‐speed digital video photography, and the resulting cast‐off patterns were analyzed to draw inferences about the trajectories of individual drops. Blood on the object's distal end formed ligaments, which subsequently disintegrated into droplets. Initial droplet trajectories were approximately tangential to the trajectory of the location on the object from which the droplet was released. The application of the laws of physics to the mechanism of cast‐off is discussed, and the process of drop formation is compared to that of passive drop formation. A technical description of cast‐off is proposed, and a diagram to aid investigators in interpreting cast‐off patterns at crime scenes is offered.