bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective distant electrostimulation by synchronized bipolar nanosecond pulses
Authors: Gianulis Elena C. , Casciola Maura , Zhou Carol , Yang Enbo , Xiao Shu , Pakhomov Andrei G. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA unique aspect of electrostimulation (ES) with nanosecond electric pulses (nsEP) is the inhibition of effects when the polarity is reversed. This bipolar cancellation feature makes bipolar nsEP less efficient at biostimulation than unipolar nsEP. We propose to minimize stimulation near pulse-delivering electrodes by applying bipolar nsEP, whereas the superposition of two phase-shifted bipolar nsEP from two independent sources yields a biologically-effective unipolar pulse remotely. This is accomplished by electrical compensation of all nsEP phases except the first one, resulting in the restoration of stimulation efficiency due to cancellation of bipolar cancellation (CANCAN-ES). We experimentally proved the CANCAN-ES paradigm by measuring YO-PRO-1 dye uptake in CHO-K1 cells which were permeabilized by multiphasic nsEP (600 ns per phase) from two generators; these nsEP were synchronized either to overlap into a unipolar pulse remotely from electrodes (CANCAN), or not to overlap (control). Enhancement of YO-PRO-1 entry due to CANCAN was observed in all sets of experiments and reached ~3-fold in the center of the gap between electrodes, exactly where the unipolar pulse was formed, and equaled the degree of bipolar cancellation. CANCAN-ES is promising for non-invasive deep tissue stimulation, either alone or combined with other remote stimulation techniques to improve targeting.
Nanodiamond-supported silver nanoparticles as potent and safe antibacterial agents
Authors: Chang Be-Ming , Pan Lei , Lin Hsin-Hung , Chang Huan-Cheng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSince its discovery nearly a century ago, antibiotics has been one of the most effective methods in treating infectious diseases and limiting pathogen spread. However, pathogens often build up antibiotic resistance over time, leading to serious failure of the treatment. Silver nanoparticle (AgNP) is an appealing alternative, but successful treatment of the bacterial infection requires a plentiful supply of AgNP, which can negatively impact human health if people are excessively exposed to the particles. Here, we present a method to overcome this challenge by synthesizing nanodiamond-supported AgNP noncovalently conjugated with albumin molecules to achieve enhanced antibacterial activity and strengthened biocompatibility. Using Escherichia coli as a model bacterium, we found that the albumin-conjugated silver-diamond nanohybrids showed a long-term bactericidal effect after 36 days of the treatment at the AgNP concentration of 250 µg mL−1. Moreover, the toxicity of the nanohybrids to human cells (including human fibroblasts, lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells, and breast adenocarcinoma cells) is low even at the particle concentration of 500 µg mL−1. The method provides a general and practical solution to the concerns of bacterial resistance against AgNP and issues associated with the size, shape, aggregation, and toxicity of AgNP are largely resolved. Finally, we demonstrate that the nanohybrids can be readily incorporated into natural polysaccharides (such as guar gum) to form three-in-one hydrogels, showing promising applications in nanomedicine.
Oxygen-Cluster-Modified Anatase with Graphene Leads to Efficient and Recyclable Photo-Catalytic Conversion of CO2 to CH4 Supported by the Positron Annihilation Study
Authors: Ahmed Gulzar , Raziq Fazal , Hanif Muddasir , Khan Javid , Munawar Khurram Shahzad , Wu Mingmei , Cao Xingzhong , Liu Zhongwu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAnatase TiO2 hollow nanoboxes were synthesized and combined with the graphene oxide to get nanocomposite of TiO2/rGO (TG). Graphene oxide was used to modify the Oxygen-Clusters and bulk to surface defects. Anatase and TG composite were characterized with the positron annihilation, XPS, EPR, EIS and photocurrent response analysis. The relative affects of defects on the photocatalytic reduction (CO2 to CH4) were studied. The TG composites showed highest photo-catalytic activity after GO coupling (49 µmol g−1 h−1), 28.6 times higher photocurrent yields much higher quantum efficiency (3.17%@400 nm) when compared to the TiO2 nanoboxes. The mechanism of enhanced photo-catalytic CO2 conversion to CH4 elucidated through electrochemical and photo-catalytic experiments with traceable isotope containing carbon dioxide (13CO2). For the first time we discovered that diminishing the comparative concentration ratio of anatase from the bulk to surface defects could significantly increase the conversion of CO2 to CH4.
Evaluation of (−)-epicatechin metabolites as recovery biomarker of dietary flavan-3-ol intake
Authors: Ottaviani Javier I. , Fong Reedmond , Kimball Jennifer , Ensunsa Jodi L. , Gray Nicola , Vogiatzoglou Anna , Britten Abigail , Lucarelli Debora , Luben Robert , Grace Philip B. , Mawson Deborah H. , Tym Amy , Wierzbicki Antonia , Smith A. David , Wareham Nicholas J. , Forouhi Nita G. , Khaw Kay-Tee , Schroeter Hagen , Kuhnle Gunter G. C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractData from dietary intervention studies suggest that intake of (−)-epicatechin mediates beneficial vascular effects in humans. However, population-based investigations are required to evaluate associations between habitual intake and health and these studies rely on accurate estimates of intake, which nutritional biomarkers can provide. Here, we evaluate a series of structurally related (−)-epicatechin metabolites (SREM), particularly (−)-epicatechin-3′-glucuronide, (−)-epicatechin-3′-sulfate and 3′-O-methyl-(−)-epicatechin-5-sulfate (SREMB), as flavan-3-ol and (−)-epicatechin intake. SREMB in urine proved to be a specific indicator of (−)-epicatechin intake, showing also a strong correlation with the amount of (−)-epicatechin ingested (R2: 0.86 (95% CI 0.8l; 0.92). The median recovery of (−)-epicatechin as SREMB in 24 h urine was 10% (IQR 7–13%) and we found SREMB in the majority of participants of EPIC Norfolk (83% of 24,341) with a mean concentration of 2.4 ± 3.2 µmol/L. Our results show that SREMB are suitable as biomarker of (−)-epicatechin intake. According to evaluation criteria from IARC and the Institute of Medicine, the results obtained support use of SREMB as a recovery biomarker to estimate actual intake of (−)-epicatechin.
Role of Body Mass Index and gestational weight gain on preterm birth and adverse perinatal outcomes
Authors: Pigatti Silva Fabia , Souza Renato T. , Cecatti Jose G. , Passini Renato , Tedesco Ricardo P. , Lajos Giuliane J. , Nomura Marcelo L. , Rehder Patricia M. , Dias Tabata Z. , Oliveira Paulo F. , Silva Cleide M. ,   Brazilian Multicenter Study on Preterm Birth (EMIP) study group, Costa Maria L. , Pacagnella Rodolfo C. , Haddad Samira M. , Zotarelli Vilma , Gurgel Lucio T. , Maia Filho Nelson L. , Mathias Jacinta P. , Marba Sergio T. , Guinsburg Ruth , Martinez Francisco E. , Quintana Silvana M. , Melli Patrícia P. S. , Feitosa Francisco E. , Chaves George N. , Porto Ana M. , Coutinho Isabela C. , Barbosa Lima Antonio C. , Melo Elias F. , Leite Débora F. , Amorim Melania M. , Melo Adriana S. O. , Melo Fabiana O. , Martins Marília G. , Nunes Marinea V. , Paiva Cláudio S. , Lima Moises D. , Freire Djacyr M. , Tristão Edson G. , Nascimento Denis J. , Menezes Carlos A. , Aquino Marcelo , Vettorazzi Janete , Senger Cintia E. , Assumpção Augusta M. B. , Guedes Marcela A. F. , Moreira Maria E. L. , Borges Vera T. , Souza Eduardo , Zamarian Ana C. P. , Lotufo Fátima A. , Uzilin Kaliane , Zanette Elvira A. , Andreucci Carla B. , Oliveira Tenilson A. , Oliveira Laércio R. , Santos Marcos A. N. , Sass Nelson , Silveira Mirian R. F. , Coutinho Pedro R. , Siqueira Luciana 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe association of body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) with preterm birth (PTB) remains controversial in the literature. To evaluate different maternal BMI and GWG categories, according to the initial BMI, in relation to different PTB subtypes and perinatal outcomes, we conducted a secondary analysis of a multicentre cross-sectional study, along with a nested case-control study including PTB from 20 centers in Brazil. Pre-pregnancy underweight was associated with a lower risk of provider-initiated PTB, while overweight and obesity were associated with a higher risk of provider-initiated PTB and a lower risk of spontaneous preterm birth. Insufficient gestational weight gain was associated with a higher prevalence of spontaneous PTB and preterm premature rupture of membranes. Excessive GWG correlated with a higher prevalence of provider-initiated PTB or preterm premature rupture of membranes. Irrespective of the initial BMI, the greater the rate of GWG, the higher the predicted probability of all PTB subtypes, except for spontaneous PTB in underweight women and those with normal BMI. On multivariate analysis, the initial BMI was shown to be the only factor associated with pi-PTB. Briefly, further studies evaluating the risk for PTB should consider that GWG may have a different role depending on the initial BMI and PTB subtype.
The effect of surface electromyography biofeedback on the activity of extensor and dorsiflexor muscles in elderly adults: a randomized trial
Authors: Gámez Ana Belén , Hernandez Morante Juan José , Martínez Gil José Luis , Esparza Francisco , Martínez Carlos Manuel 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSurface electromyography-biofeedback (sEMG-B) is a technique employed for the rehabilitation of patients with neurological pathologies, such as stroke-derived hemiplegia; however, little is known about its effectiveness in the rehabilitation of the extension and flexion of several muscular groups in elderly patients after a stroke. Therefore, this research was focused on determining the effectiveness of sEMG-B in the muscles responsible for the extension of the hand and the dorsiflexion of the foot in post-stroke elderly subjects. Forty subjects with stroke-derived hemiplegia were randomly divided into intervention or control groups. The intervention consisted of 12 sEMG-B sessions. The control group underwent 12 weeks (24 sessions) of conventional physiotherapy. Muscle activity test and functionality (Barthel index) were determined. Attending to the results obtained, the intervention group showed a higher increase in the average EMG activity of the extensor muscle of the hand and in the dorsal flexion of the foot than the control group (p < 0.001 in both cases), which was associated with an increase in the patients’ Barthel index score (p = 0.006); In addition, Fugl-Meyer test revealed higher effectiveness in the lower limb (p = 0.007). Thus, the sEMG-B seems to be more effective than conventional physiotherapy, and the use of this technology may be essential for improving muscular disorders in elderly patients with physical disabilities resulting from a stroke.
Extreme Coastal Water Levels Exacerbate Fluvial Flood Hazards in Northwestern Europe
Authors: Ganguli Poulomi , Merz Bruno 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCompound flooding, such as the co-occurrence of fluvial floods and extreme coastal water levels (CWL), may lead to significant impacts in densely-populated Low Elevation Coastal Zones. They may overstrain disaster management owing to the co-occurrence of inundation from rivers and the sea. Recent studies are limited by analyzing joint dependence between river discharge and either CWL or storm surges, and little is known about return levels of compound flooding, accounting for the covariance between drivers. Here, we assess the compound flood severity and identify hotspots for northwestern Europe during 1970–2014, using a newly developed Compound Hazard Ratio (CHR) that compares the severity of compound flooding associated with extreme CWL with the unconditional T-year fluvial peak discharge. We show that extreme CWL and stronger storms greatly amplify fluvial flood hazards. Our results, based on frequency analyses of observational records during 2013/2014’s winter storm Xaver, reveal that the river discharge of the 50-year compound flood is up to 70% larger, conditioned on the occurrence of extreme CWL, than that of the at-site peak discharge. For this event, nearly half of the stream gauges show increased flood hazards, demonstrating the importance of including the compounding effect of extreme CWL in river flood risk management.
Prevention of Intraoperative Hypothermia in Laparoscopy by the Use of Body-Temperature and Humidified CO2: a Pilot Study
Authors: Wittenborn Julia , Clausen Annika , Zeppernick Felix , Stickeler Elmar , Meinhold-Heerlein Ivo 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Introduction Hypothermia is defined as a decrease in body core temperature to below 36 °C. If intraoperative heat-preserving measures are omitted, a patientʼs temperature will fall by 1 – 2 °C. Even mild forms of intraoperative hypothermia can lead to a marked increase in morbidity and mortality. The temperature of the insufflation gas is usually disregarded in the treatment and prevention of hypothermia. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of body-temperature and humidified CO2 on the intraoperative temperature profile and avoidance of hypothermia in laparoscopic surgery.
Material and Methods In this retrospective, non-randomised case control study, 110 patients whose planned operation lasted at least 60 minutes were identified from 376 patients by means of an algorithm. Dry (20% humidity) CO2 at room temperature was insufflated in 51 patients (control group). 59 patients were insufflated with humidified (98% humidity) CO2 at body temperature (37 °C) (study group). These conditions were achieved with the HumiGard MR860 Surgical Humidification System (Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Limited, Auckland, New Zealand). The intraoperative temperature profile was evaluated by measurements every 10 minutes. Statistical analysis was performed with IBM® SPSS® Statistics 23.0.0.
Results The intraoperative temperature in the control group fell steadily, while a continuous rise in temperature was observed in the study group. Warming was demonstrated in the study group with a start-end temperature difference of 0.09 °C, which differed significantly from the control group, in which it was − 0.09 °C (p = 0.011). The middle-end difference of 0.11 °C showed even higher significance in favour of the warmed gas (p = 0.003). The rate of hypothermia at the start of the operation fell from 50 to 36% in the study group and increased from 36 to 42% in the control group.
Conclusion These results show that the use of body-temperature and humidified insufflation gas for laparoscopy can help to prevent intraoperative hypothermia.
Ultraschallassistierte Tumorresektion beim Mammakarzinom – eine prospektive, randomisierte, monozentrische Studie (MAC 001)
Authors: Hoffmann Jürgen , Marx Mario , Hengstmann Andreas , Seeger Harald , Oberlechner Ernst , Helms Gisela , Röhm Carmen , Ott Claudia , Wallwiener Diethelm , Stäbler Annette , Wiesinger Benjamin , Hartkopf Andreas D. , Brucker Sara Y. , Hahn Markus 
Published: September 2019

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Die brusterhaltende Therapie des Mammakarzinoms unterliegt dem Risiko der R1-Resektion. Zur intraoperativen Orientierung werden nicht oder unsicher palpable Tumoren vor der Operation mittels Drahts markiert. Mittels der ultraschallassistierten Tumorchirurgie kann die Rate an R1-Resektionen reduziert werden. Die MAC-001-Studie verglich die ultraschallassistierte Tumorresektion mit der konventionellen drahtmarkierten Operation und untersuchte dabei die R0-Resektionsrate, die Operationszeit und das Resektionsvolumen.
Material und Methode Patientinnen mit einem invasiven duktalen Mammakarzinom wurden in die prospektive, randomisierte, unizentrische Studie eingeschlossen und entweder in den ultraschallassistierten oder drahtmarkierten Arm randomisiert und ausgewertet. Die Studie war unter ClinicalTrial.gov NCT02 222 675 registriert worden.
Ergebnisse 56 Patientinnen erfüllten die Einschlusskriterien, von denen 47 ausgewertet werden konnten. 93 % (25/27) der Patientinnen im ultraschallassistierten Arm hatten im Vergleich zu 65 % (13/20) im drahtmarkierten Kontrollarm eine R0-Resektion. Das Ergebnis war statistisch signifikant (p = 0,026). In Bezug auf das entnommene Resektionsvolumen und die Operationsdauer wurde kein signifikanter Unterschied beobachtet. Revisionspflichtige Komplikationen traten nicht auf.
Schlussfolgerung Die ultraschallassistierte Tumorresektion kann im Vergleich zur konventionellen drahtmarkierten Operation die R0-Rate bei brusterhaltender Operation signifikant erhöhen. Aus unserer Sicht sollten Brustchirurgen im Ultraschall ausgebildet sein. Ein Ultraschallgerät sollte Bestandteil jedes Brustoperationssaals sein.
Stellenwert der optischen Kohärenztomografie-Angiografie bei neuroophthalmologischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Brücher Viktoria Constanze , Alnawaiseh Maged , Eter Nicole , Biermann Julia 
Published: September 2019

ZusammenfassungDie optische Kohärenztomografie-Angiografie (OCTA) ist eine der am intensivsten untersuchten Neuentwicklungen in der bildgebenden Ophthalmologie der letzten Jahre. Dabei fand diese nicht invasive Bildgebung von retinalem, chorioidalem und peripapillärem Blutfluss initial Anklang in der Retinologie und neuerdings auch zunehmend Beachtung in der neuroophthalmologischen Diagnostik. Besonderes Interesse wurde auf Erkrankungen gelegt, bei denen eine vaskuläre Pathogenese diskutiert wird, wie die nicht arteriitische und die arteriitische anteriore ischämische Optikusneuropathie (NAION und AAION). Zahlreiche Studien demonstrierten eine Rarefizierung des peripapillären Gefäßnetzes und einen reduzierten Blutfluss in NAION- und in AAION-Patienten im Vergleich zu gesunden Patienten. Dabei korreliert das Ausmaß des Gefäßschadens mit der Schwere der Optikusatrophie. Ähnliche Ergebnisse treffen auch für Optikusatrophien anderer Ursachen zu (z. B. Drusenpapille, hereditäre Optikusatrophien usw.). Die genauen Kausalzusammenhänge zwischen Optikusneuropathie und Blutflussminderung bleiben vorerst jedoch unklar und müssen in zukünftigen Untersuchungen adressiert werden. Bei einigen Erkrankungen scheint die OCTA auch von differenzialdiagnostischem Wert zu sein. Bei Hämangioblastomen lieferte sie besonders bei großen und breitbasigen Befunden relevante Mehrinformationen im Vergleich zur Fluoreszenzangiografie und kann die hämangioblastomtypischen Gefäßnetze und die zuführenden Gefäße darstellen. Diese Übersicht fasst die neuen Informationen der OCTA-Studien zu neuroophthalmologischen Erkrankungen zusammen und hinterfragt diese bez. Relevanz und Mehrwert in der klinischen Anwendung. Zukünftig ist zu erwarten, dass die OCTA durch longitudinale Studien mit größeren Fallzahlen Normwerte liefert, relevante Durchblutungsveränderungen bei verschiedensten Krankheitsbildern tiefgreifender analysiert und möglicherweise zu differenzialdiagnostischen und therapeutischen Zwecken beitragen wird.
Intrauterine Wachstumsrestriktion: Transsektorale, interdisziplinäre und multiprofessionelle Betreuung von Schwangeren und Neugeborenen im Feto-Neonat-Pfad: Ein Projekt des Innovationsfonds
Authors: Mense Lars , Birdir Cahit , Reichert Jörg , Schleußner Ekkehard , Proquitté Hans , Schmitt Jochen , Müller Gabriele , Rüdiger Mario 
Published: September 2019

ZusammenfassungEine intrauterine Wachstumsrestriktion (IUGR) betrifft Feten, die ihr intrauterines Wachstumspotenzial nicht nutzen können. Überschneidungen bestehen dabei zur Gruppe der small-for-gestational age (SGA) Kinder, doch sind speziell IUGR-Kinder von kurz- und langfristigen Folgen betroffen. IUGR-Feten haben ein deutlich erhöhtes Frühgeburtlichkeits-Risiko und ein spezielles Risikoprofil im Vergleich zu altersentsprechend gewachsenen Frühgeborenen. Dies umfasst das häufigere Auftreten typischer Komplikationen wie Bronchopulmonale Dysplasie, intraventrikuläre Hämorrhagie und Mekonium-Ileus. Neugeborene mit IUGR scheinen langfristig ein erhöhtes Risiko für Folgeprobleme, wie Zerebralparesen, eingeschränkte Lungenfunktion und Sprachentwicklungsverzögerungen zu haben. Eine transsektorale, interdisziplinäre und multiprofessionelle Betreuung der Schwangeren, Neugeborenen und Säuglinge im Rahmen eines Versorgungspfades ist eine aussichtsreiche neue Versorgungsform. Sie umfasst die frühe Identifizierung von Schwangeren mit einem erhöhten Risiko für eine fetale Wachstumsrestriktion, ggf. die Therapie mit Acetylsalicylsäure, die Risiko-adaptierte Anbindung an die Perinatalzentren mit psychologischen Interventionen und neonatologischen Gesprächen. Ziel des Pfades ist die Vermeidung von Verlegungen in die Perinatologie und Totgeburten. Postnatal steht eine umfassende Betreuung mit besonderem Augenmerk auf die Eltern-Kind-Bindung und Ernährungsoptimierung im Mittelpunkt. Vertiefende Vorsorgeuntersuchungen der ambulanten Kinderärzte dienen dem frühen Aufdecken von Entwicklungsproblemen. Die Wirkungen, Akzeptanz und Kosteneffizienz dieses Pfades werden im Rahmen eines Projektes des Innovationsfonds getestet.
Update Regarding Imaging of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
Authors: Figiel Jens Holger , Viniol Simon G. , Görlach Jannis , Rinke Anja , Librizzi Damiano , Mahnken Andreas H. 
Published: September 2019

Background Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) are a heterogeneous group of tumors characterized by the expression of typical proteins. A wide range of morphological and functional imaging methods is required in order to adequately assess the course of the disease and to optimally treat the patient. The spectrum of indications ranges from the detection of small primary tumors to the documentation of the metastasis pattern and the assessment of the suitability for certain invasive or noninvasive therapy methods. The exact recording and quantification of findings is indispensable.
Methods This article is based on a comprehensive literature search on the different aspects of neuroendocrine neoplasm imaging.
Results This article is intended to provide an overview of the available imaging procedures with their respective advantages and disadvantages for diagnostics and their value for the follow-up of neuroendocrine neoplasms. Recommendations for examination protocols, typical image findings, and an outlook regarding future developments are presented.
Key Points:
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