bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating Subcellular Compartment Targeting Effect of Porous Coordination Cages for Enhancing Cancer Nanotherapy
Authors: Fang Yu , Lian Xizhen , Huang Yanyan , Fu Guo , Xiao Zhifeng , Wang Qi , Nan Beiyan , Pellois Jean‐Philippe , Zhou Hong‐Cai 
Published: September 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the key factors for successful subcellular compartment targeting for cargo delivery systems is of great interest in a variety of fields such as bionanotechnology, cell biology, and nanotherapies. However, the fundamental basis for intracellular transportation with these systems has thus far rarely been discussed. As a cargo vector, porous coordination cages (PCCs) have great potential for use in cancer nanotherapy and to elucidate fundamental insight regarding subcellular compartment targeting. Herein, it is shown that the transportation of PCC cargo vectors though various subcellular barriers of the mammalian cell can be manipulated by tuning the vector's electronic property and surface affinity. It is found that the PCCs become selectively aggregated at the cell membrane, the cytoplasm, or the nucleus, respectively. When a DNA topoisomerase inhibitor is delivered into the nucleus by a neutral and lipophilic PCC, the anticancer efficacy is dramatically improved. The findings shed light to tune the interactions at the “bio‐nano” interface. This study provides a key strategy for future work in targeting specific cell organelles for cell imaging, cargo delivery, and therapy. This research also offers key insight into the engineering of nanoscopic materials for furnishing cell organelle‐specificity.
An Overview of Mixed Polyanionic Cathode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Senthilkumar Baskar , Murugesan Chinnasamy , Sharma Lalit , Lochab Shubham , Barpanda Prabeer 
Published: September 2018

Abstract“Building better batteries” remains an ongoing process to cater diverse energy demands starting from small‐scale consumer electronics to large‐scale automobiles and grid storage. While Li‐ion batteries have carried this burden over the last three decades, the ever‐growing and highly diverse applications (based on size, energy‐density, and stationary vs mobile usages) have led to an era of “beyond lithium‐ion batteries.” In this postlithium‐battery era, sodium‐ion batteries (NIBs) have emerged as a pragmatic option particularly for large‐scale applications. They attract attention due to the abundance and uniform geographic distribution of sodium‐based minerals, materials/process economy, and well‐known (de)intercalation mechanisms, in particular for stationary applications independent of size/weight restriction. Parallel to the Li‐ion batteries, the cathode (positive electrode) plays a key role in overall performance, leading to the exploration of various layered and 3D framework insertion materials. While layered oxides deliver high capacity, polyanionic hosts offer structural stability, operational safety, and tunable redox potentials. It can be further exploited in “mixed polyanion” cathode materials combining more than one kind of polyanion units. This article focuses on mixed polyanionic cathode materials for NIBs. It renders a sneak‐peek on suites of mixed polyanionic insertion materials discussing their structure, overall electrochemical performance, and future perspectives.
Integrated Diet Analyses Reveal Contrasting Trophic Niches for Wild and Hatchery Juvenile Chinook Salmon in a Large River Delta
Authors: Davis Melanie J. , Woo Isa , Ellings Christopher S. , Hodgson Sayre , Beauchamp David A. , Nakai Glynnis , De La Cruz Susan E. W. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHatchery programs have been used as a conservation tool to bolster declining populations of Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha along much of the North American Pacific coast. In many watersheds, hatchery stocks are released concurrently with the wild population, thus raising the potential for density‐dependent effects. Competition for prey resources during the critical period for early marine growth and survival may diminish the foraging capacity and growth potential of wild Chinook Salmon, highlighting the importance of a diverse and productive delta habitat mosaic. We used an integrated diet approach with stomach content and stable isotope analyses to evaluate contrasting patterns of habitat use and prey consumption in a fall‐run population of juvenile Chinook Salmon from the Nisqually River delta in Puget Sound, Washington. We examined size‐class and origin‐level differences throughout a gradient of delta habitat types. Wild (unmarked) and hatchery juveniles exhibited distinct habitat use patterns whereby unmarked fish were captured more frequently in tidally influenced freshwater and mesohaline emergent marsh areas, while hatchery fish were caught more often in the nearshore intertidal zone. Consequently, hatchery fish were less likely to consume the energy‐dense terrestrial insects that were more common in freshwater and brackish marshes. Stable isotope signatures from muscle and liver tissues corroborated this finding, showing that unmarked juveniles had derived 24–31% of their diets from terrestrially sourced prey, while terrestrial insects only made up 2–8% of hatchery fish diets. This may explain why unmarked fish were in better condition than hatchery fish and had stomach contents that were 15% more energy‐rich than those of hatchery fish. We did not observe strong evidence for trophic overlap in juvenile Chinook Salmon of different rearing origins, but our results suggest that hatchery juveniles could be more sensitive to diet‐mediated effects on growth and survival.
Toward Robust Foundations for Sustainable Well-Being Societies: Learning to Change by Changing How We Learn
Authors: Glasser Harold 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis chapter explores foundational issues around the meanings, creation, measurement, and continuous renewal of sustainable well-being societies. It begins with a probe into the long history of concern around advancing human well-being and follows with an inquiry into the deep roots of why sustainable well-being societies are not ubiquitous today. Four bedrock assumptions that forged the status quo and form the core of the dominant, guiding metanarrative are identified. While these cornerstones of the prevailing metanarrative may have had significant relevance for leveraging opportunities and advancing quality of life in the past, they are no longer consistent with our knowledge of the state of the planet, the goals of sustainable well-being societies, or our survival as a species. I argue that the growing calls for large-scale, transformative change rest on three, intertwined building blocks: constructing new, life-affirming metanarratives; clarifying what we mean by sustainable well-being societies and how to measure them; and learning how to use broad heuristics to rapidly develop, prototype, and test promising social and technological innovations. The chapter concludes with sanguine examples that illustrate how meaningful, lasting change is already resulting from using these sorts of heuristics to create powerful new models that are displacing the existing model of reality, not by fighting it, but by making it obsolete.
In Situ 3D Neutron Depolarization Study of the Transformation Kinetics and Grain Size Evolution During Cyclic Partial Austenite-Ferrite Phase Transformations in Fe-C-Mn Steels
Authors: Fang H. , van der Zwaag S. , van Dijk N. H. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
We have analyzed the evolution of the ferrite fraction and average ferrite grain size during partial cyclic austenite-to-ferrite and ferrite-to-austenite phase transformations in an Fe-0.25C-2.1Mn (wt pct) steel using three-dimensional neutron depolarization (3DND). In the 3DND experiments, the ferrite fraction is derived from the rotation angle of the neutron polarization vector, and the average grain size is determined from the shortening of the polarization vector. From these, the number density of ferrite grains is derived, which indicates that grain nucleation is negligible during partial cycling in the intercritical regime and that all transformation kinetics can be attributed to growth processes only. In the multiple successive cyclic partial transformations, the interfacial migration rate was found to be sluggish due to Mn partitioning. The transformation kinetics determined with 3DND was compared to the predicted behaviors for diffusion-controlled simulations under local equilibrium and para-equilibrium interfacial conditions. It was found that the simulation predictions under local equilibrium only qualitatively capture the transformation kinetic with a difference of one order of magnitude in the variation in the ferrite fraction during cycling. The cyclic behavior of this Fe-0.25C-2.1Mn (wt pct) steel shows that the austenite-ferrite interface indeed migrates back and forth during cycling, while at the same time, there is a gradual increase in both the ferrite fraction and the average ferrite grain size over subsequent cycles. The intrinsic cyclic behavior is only visible after subtracting the effect of the progressive interfacial migration into austenite. The present study demonstrates the advantage of 3DND in studying partial cyclic phase transformations over conventional experimental approaches.
Systemic treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Aggarwal Manushi , Arain Abeer , Jin Zhaohui 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers with high mortality worldwide. Treatment options for patients with advanced stage HCC remain a great challenge. However, novel agents especially small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor and innovative immunotherapy demonstrate new promising therapeutic options for these patients. This review article summarizes systemic treatment options evaluated in HCC focusing on the most recently published data and ongoing studies.
Opening new markets for clean energy: The role of project developers in the global diffusion of renewable energy technologies
Authors: Steffen Bjarne , Matsuo Tyeler , Steinemann Davita , Schmidt Tobias S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAs renewable energy supply chains have grown increasingly globalized, national clean energy transitions have become highly influenced by international dynamics. However, these dynamics are themselves collectively shaped by domestic policy that drives the deployment of renewables. While spatial spillovers of domestic renewable energy policies have been studied on an aggregate level regarding policy diffusion or the flows of technology across countries, implications on an actor-level have been largely neglected. This article addresses this gap by analyzing global patterns of market openings for wind, solar PV, and biomass, focusing on the role of private project developers in developing countries. We use a mixed method design, based on a newly merged dataset encompassing eighty countries, and on interviews with pioneering project developers. Results highlight how patterns in market openings are shaped considerably by technology characteristics. Further, empirical results show international private developers are a key first mover in many developing countries. We explore drivers for this internationalization trend, including the impact of international developers' home country policies and the accumulation of tacit knowledge from home country markets for market openings abroad. Finally, we discuss implications for industrial policy and argue for further research on global spillovers of national policies on the actor-level.
Application of a fluorescent marker with quantitative bioburden methods to assess cleanliness
Authors: Hung I-Chen , Chang Hao-Yuan , Cheng Aristine , Chen An-Chi , Ting Ling , Chen Mei-Wen , Lai Yeur-Hur , Sheng Wang-Huei 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundImprovement of environmental cleaning in hospitals has been shown to decrease in-hospital cross transmission of pathogens. Several objective methods, including aerobic colony counts (ACCs), the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence assay, and the fluorescent marker method have been developed to assess cleanliness. However, the standard interpretation of cleanliness using the fluorescent marker method remains uncertain.ObjectiveTo assess the fluorescent marker method as a tool for determining the effectiveness of hospital cleaning.DesignA prospective survey study.SettingAn academic medical center.MethodsThe same 10 high-touch surfaces were tested after each terminal cleaning using (1) the fluorescent marker method, (2) the ATP assay, and (3) the ACC method. Using the fluorescent marker method under study, surfaces were classified as totally clean, partially clean, or not clean. The ACC method was used as the standard for comparison.ResultsAccording to the fluorescent marker method, of the 830 high-touch surfaces, 321 surfaces (38.7%) were totally clean (TC group), 84 surfaces (10.1%) were partially clean (PC group), and 425 surfaces (51.2%) were not clean (NC group). The TC group had significantly lower ATP and ACC values (mean ± SD, 428.7 ± 1,180.0 relative light units [RLU] and 15.6 ± 77.3 colony forming units [CFU]/100 cm2) than the PC group (1,386.8 ± 2,434.0 RLU and 34.9 ± 87.2 CFU/100 cm2) and the NC group (1,132.9 ± 2,976.1 RLU and 46.8 ± 119.2 CFU/100 cm2).ConclusionsThe fluorescent marker method provided a simple, reliable, and real-time assessment of environmental cleaning in hospitals. Our results indicate that only a surface determined to be totally clean using the fluorescent marker method could be considered clean.
Unsophisticated and naive? Fragmenting monolithic understandings of Islam
Authors: Syed Jawad , Pio Edwina 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMainstream academic literature and media use the word ‘Islam’ or ‘Muslim’ in a monolithic manner that implies internal homogeneity. However, the Islamic faith is subject to multiple interpretations, with multiple types of Muslims who practice Islam based on their ideological interpretations, sect, ethnicity and gender. Drawing on a review of literatures on Islam and Muslims from diverse fields such as religion, gender, diversity and extremism, we present a taxonomy of different types of Muslims, and highlight implications for management, organizations and governance. We trace ideological sources of divergence among variants of Islam and analyze how certain doctrinal and jurisprudential associations may reflect intolerance and extremism.
Timing of post-resistance exercise nutrient ingestion: effects on gastric emptying and glucose and amino acid responses in humans
Authors: Kashima Hideaki , Sugimura Kana , Taniyawa Kana , Kondo Rumi , Endo Masako Yamaoka , Tanimoto Shota , Kobayashi Toshio , Miura Akira , Fukuba Yoshiyuki 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis study examined the effects of post-resistance exercise protein ingestion timing on the rate of gastric emptying (GE) and blood glucose (BG) and plasma branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) responses. In all, eleven healthy participants randomly ingested 400 ml of a nutrient-rich drink containing 12 g carbohydrates and 20 g protein at rest (Con), at 5 min (post-exercise (PE)-5) or at 30 min (PE-30) after a single bout of strenuous resistance exercises. The first and second sets comprised ten repetitions at 50 % of each participant’s one-repetition maximum (1RM). The third, fourth and fifth sets comprised ten repetitions at 75 % of 1RM, and the sixth set involved repeated repetitions until exhaustion. Following ingestion of the nutrient-rich drink, we assessed the GE rate using 13C-sodium acetate breath test and evaluated two parameters according to the Tmax-calc (time when the recovery per hour is maximised), which is a standard analytical method, and T1/2 (time when the total cumulative dose of [13CO2] reaches one-half). Tmax-calc and T1/2 were slower for the PE-5 condition than for either the PE-30 or Con condition (Tmax-calc; Con: 53 (sd 7) min, PE-5: 83 (sd 16) min, PE-30: 62 (sd 9) min, T1/2; Con: 91 (sd 7) min, PE-5: 113 (sd 21) min, PE-30: 91 (sd 11) min, P<0·05). BG and BCAA responses were also slower for the PE-5 condition than for either the PE-30 or Con condition. Ingesting nutrients immediately after strenuous resistance exercise acutely delayed GE, which affected BG and plasma BCAA levels in blood circulation.
Combined influence of depressive symptoms and systemic inflammation on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: evidence for differential effects by gender in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
Authors: Lawes Samantha , Demakakos Panayotes , Steptoe Andrew , Lewis Glyn , Carvalho Livia A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundDepressive symptoms and inflammation are risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. We investigated the combined association of these factors with the prediction of CVD and all-cause mortality in a representative cohort of older men and women.MethodsWe measured C-reactive protein (CRP) and depressive symptoms in 5328 men and women aged 52–89 years in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Depressive symptoms were measured using the eight-item Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. CRP was analysed from peripheral blood. Mortality was ascertained from national registers and associations with depressive symptoms and inflammation were estimated using Cox proportional hazard models.ResultsWe identified 112 CVD related deaths out of 420 all-cause deaths in men and 109 CVD related deaths out of 334 all-cause deaths in women over a mean follow-up of 7.7 years. Men with both depressive symptoms and high CRP (3–20 mg/L) had an increased risk of CVD mortality (hazard ratio; 95% confidence interval: 3.89; 2.04–7.44) and all-cause mortality (2.40; 1.65–3.48) after adjusting for age, socioeconomic variables and health behaviours. This considerably exceeds the risks associated with high CRP alone (CVD 2.43; 1.59–3.71, all-cause 1.49; 1.20–1.84). There was no significant increase in mortality risk associated with depressive symptoms alone in men. In women, neither depressive symptoms or inflammation alone or the combination of both significantly predicted CVD or all-cause mortality.ConclusionsThe combination of depressive symptoms and increased inflammation confers a considerable increase in CVD mortality risk for men. These effects appear to be independent, suggesting an additive role.
Early change in reward and punishment sensitivity as a predictor of response to antidepressant treatment for major depressive disorder: a CAN-BIND-1 report
Authors: Allen Timothy A. , Lam Raymond W. , Milev Roumen , Rizvi Sakina J. , Frey Benicio N. , MacQueen Glenda M. , Müller Daniel J. , Uher Rudolf , Kennedy Sidney H. , Quilty Lena C. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundIn an effort to optimize patient outcomes, considerable attention is being devoted to identifying patient characteristics associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) and its responsiveness to treatment. In the current study, we extend this work by evaluating whether early change in these sensitivities is associated with response to antidepressant treatment for MDD.MethodsParticipants included 210 patients with MDD who were treated with 8 weeks of escitalopram and 112 healthy comparison participants. Of the original 210 patients, 90 non-responders received adjunctive aripiprazole for an additional 8 weeks. Symptoms of depression and anhedonia were assessed at the beginning of treatment and 8 weeks later in both samples. Reward and punishment sensitivity were assessed using the BIS/BAS scales measured at the initiation of treatment and 2 weeks later.ResultsIndividuals with MDD exhibited higher punishment sensitivity and lower reward sensitivity compared with healthy comparison participants. Change in reward sensitivity during the first 2 weeks of treatment was associated with improved depressive symptoms and anhedonia following 8 weeks of treatment with escitalopram. Similarly, improvement in reward responsiveness during the first 2 weeks of adjunctive therapy with aripiprazole was associated with fewer symptoms of depression at post-treatment.ConclusionsFindings highlight the predictive utility of early change in reward sensitivity during antidepressant treatment for major depression. In a clinical setting, a lack of change in early reward processing may signal a need to modify a patient's treatment plan with alternative or augmented treatment approaches.
Revisiting ‘The Birth of Biopolitics’: Foucault's Account of Neoliberalism and the Remaking of Social Policy
Authors: GARRETT PAUL MICHAEL 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe article charts the history and trajectory of neoliberalism provided in Foucault's 1979 lectures on ‘The Birth of Biopolitics’. In these fascinating contributions, first published in English translation ten years ago, Foucault identifies German and American forms of neoliberalism, defined in opposition to both the Beveridge reforms and Roosevelt's New Deal. In seeking to comprehend Foucault's articulation of neoliberalism it is important to locate it in the context of contemporary debates on the future of socialism and the reconfiguration of social policy. Despite theoretical problems with his account, the lecture series continues to aid our understanding of the contemporary evolution of social policy.
Latin American Realities
Authors: Shannon William V. 
Published: September 2018

In 1943, Vice President Henry Wallace made a triumphal goodwill tour of Latin America and received tumultuous acclaim from large audiences everywhere. In 1958, Vice President Richard Nixon made a comparable trip through Latin America and his reception ranged from indifference to indignity.The marked contrast between the two journeys is a fact of major concern for Americans. The decisive difference does not lie in die respective personal merits of Mr. Wallace and Mr. Nixon, although these personal qualities have some importance. Nor is it that Latin America in the past fifteen years has entered a quickened state of revolutionary change, although that is also true. The fundamental difference is not that Latin America has changed in the past fifteen years but that the world role of the United States has changed.
America's Soft Sell
Authors: Patterton Jack 
Published: September 2018

The American Pavilion at the World's Fair here is officially controversial. President Eisenhower, described as “very irritated” at the bad notices our exhibition has received, dispatched George V. Allen, Director of the United States Information Agency, to Brussels to give him a personal report. The President's action made the adverse opinions expressed by many writers and private citizens returning from the fair a subject of official inquiry.This controversy over our representation here has its ironic aspects. While everyone who visits the fair agrees there is much to criticize, little agreement exists on the basis for the criticism. Many vociferous attacks have been launched from assumptions that are questionable or even inconsistent.
The Moralities of Negotiation
Authors: Platig E. Raymond 
Published: September 2018

Many well-intentioned people have long recognized the absence in our century of any effective international law, government and mores. They have also wasted a lot of time attempting to conjure up constitutional governments for the world, to codify, revise and extend international law, and to call forth a mostly non-existent world public opinion. In a world rent by such basic ideological and cultural splits as is ours, these efforts are foredoomed to failure.The much more relevant question for one interested in peace in this nuclear-missile’ age is whether or not the United States and the Soviet Union can settle through negotiation some of the political problems of the Cold War. If they cannot agree to “live and let live” as sovereign states in a world of sovereign states, on what basis can we expect that they will engage in that much more intimate collaboration out of which mores, law and government can grow?