bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in quantity rather than palatability of alpine meadow species induce cascading effects of long‐term nitrogen fertilization on phytophagous insect abundance
Authors: Song Ming‐Hua , Zheng Li‐Li , Yin Tan‐Feng , Zhang Xian‐Zhou , Yu Fei‐Hai , Cornelissen Johannes H. C. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractQuestionsDo changes in plant tissue quality mediated by long‐term N enrichment cascade to affect the palatability and thus abundance of phytophagous insects? Do shifts in the abundance of plant functional groups mediated by long‐term N enrichment cascade to affect abundance of phytophagous insects?LocationAn alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau, China.MethodsWe measured the abundance of larvae of a phytophagous moth (Gynaephora menyuanensis) in plots subjected to 8 years of fertilization with different N rates and chemical forms in an alpine meadow. In a feeding experiment with the larvae, we tested whether N rate and N form affected leaf consumption of six abundant plant species in the alpine meadow through leaf quality.ResultsHigh N rate increased larval density by 45.6%. It increased leaf N concentration and decreased leaf C:N of four plant species, but did not affect leaf consumption on any of the six species. High N increased the abundance of more favoured graminoids, but decreased that of less favoured legumes and some forbs. Larval density was positively related to graminoid abundance and negatively related to forb abundance.ConclusionsLong‐term N fertilization induced changes in both leaf quality and abundance of plant species in the community. However, the abundance of phytophagous insects was associated with shifts in plant functional group abundance but not with changes in plant palatability. These findings suggest that N‐mediated changes in plant community composition may have cascading effects on insect quantity.
Aqueous alteration of the Martian meteorite Northwest Africa 817: Probing fluid–rock interaction at the nakhlite launch site
Authors: Lee M. R. , Daly L. , Cohen B. E. , Hallis L. J. , Griffin S. , Trimby P. , Boyce A. , Mark D. F. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe nakhlite meteorites characteristically contain iddingsite, a hydrous iron–magnesium silicate that formed by aqueous alteration on Mars. Iddingsite is most abundant in Northwest Africa (NWA) 817, and alteration products in this meteorite also have the lowest deuterium/hydrogen ratio of any nakhlite. Taken together, these distinctive properties could be interpreted to show that NWA 817 was altered under different physico‐chemical conditions than the other nakhlites and by liquid water from a separate reservoir. Here this interpretation is tested through a petrographic, mineralogical, chemical, and isotopic study of NWA 817. We find that its iddingsite occurs as olivine‐hosted veins of nanocrystalline smectite and Fe‐oxyhydroxide. Strong similarities in the mineralogy of iddingsite between NWA 817 and other nakhlites suggest that these meteorites were altered under comparable physico‐chemical conditions, with the Fe‐rich composition of NWA 817 olivine grains rendering them especially susceptible to aqueous alteration. Analyses of NWA 817 bulk samples by stepwise pyrolysis confirm that its iddingsite has unusually low deuterium/hydrogen ratios, but owing to terrestrial weathering of this meteorite, the hydrogen isotopic data cannot be used with confidence to infer the origin of Martian aqueous solutions. NWA 817 was most probably altered along with the other nakhlites over a short time period and in a common aqueous system. One interpretation of a correlation between the eruption ages of three of the nakhlites and the chemical composition of their iddingsite is that water originated from close to the surface of Mars and flowed through the nakhlite lava pile under the influence of gravity.
Determinants of dietary practices during pregnancy: A longitudinal qualitative study in Niger
Authors: Rosen Joseph G. , Clermont Adrienne , Kodish Stephen R. , Matar Seck Amadou , Salifou Aichatou , Grais Rebecca F. , Isanaka Sheila 
Published: June 2018

AbstractUndernutrition is associated with maternal morbidity and poor pregnancy outcomes. This qualitative study seeks to understand the multilevel factors influencing maternal dietary practices in Niger, including the impact of pregnancy illnesses on diet. Criterion‐based, purposive sampling was used to select pregnant women and household members from 24 villages in a rural district of the Maradi Region in south‐central Niger. Semistructured interviews (n = 153) and focus group discussions (n = 38) explored 4 primary themes: (a) perceptions of ideal diet during pregnancy, (b) barriers to consuming the ideal diet, (c) coping strategies including dietary responses related to pregnancy illnesses, and (d) changes in perceptions from early to late pregnancy. Longitudinal data collection allowed for repeated interviews of pregnant women to document changes in dietary practices throughout pregnancy. Transcripts were coded using an inductive approach informed by grounded theory methodology. Participants categorized foods into 4 primary dietary taxonomies when discussing ideal maternal diets but cited constraints related to accessibility and availability impeding routine consumption of these foods. Perceptions of “modern,” urban foods as healthy, coupled with key structural barriers such as food costs, were identified. Maternal morbidity influenced food consumption, as women reported reducing food intake early in pregnancy in response to illness episodes. Although awareness of optimal foods for supporting healthy pregnancies was moderately high, some misconceptions were observed and multilevel barriers to food security restricted opportunities for consuming these foods. Nutrition‐specific and nutrition‐sensitive interventions could improve access and availability of acceptable foods for supporting increased dietary intake during pregnancy.
Rasagiline, an inhibitor of MAO‐B, decreases colonic motility through elevating colonic dopamine content
Authors: Liu C.‐Z. , Zhang X.‐L. , Zhou L. , Wang T. , Quan Z.‐S. , Zhang Y. , Li J. , Li G.‐W. , Zheng L.‐F. , Li L.‐S. , Zhu J.‐X. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundDopamine (DA) is a negative modulator of gut motility. Monoamine oxidase‐B (MAO‐B) is an important metabolic enzyme degrading DA. Rasagiline, an irreversible MAO‐B inhibitor, is used to treat Parkinson’s disease because of its neuroprotective effect and increasing central DA. However, it is unclear whether MAO‐B exists in the colon and rasagiline increases colonic DA, thereby affecting colonic motility.MethodsImmunohistochemistry, western blotting, enzyme activity assay, colonic motility recording, gut transit test, and high‐performance liquid chromatography‐electrochemical detection were employed in this study.Key ResultsMonoamine oxidase‐B was distributed in the colonic muscular layers including neurons and glias of rat and human. When oral treatment of rats with rasagiline for 4 weeks, in vitro colonic motility was significantly reduced, but it was greatly reversed by SCH‐23390, an antagonist of DA D1 receptor. The rasagiline‐treated rats also manifested decreased MAO‐B activity and increased DA content in the colonic muscular layer, but no alterations were detected in the protein expressions of D1 and D2 receptors, and MAO‐A and MAO‐B, as well as in the content of 5‐hydroxytryptamine and noradrenaline. Moreover, acute administration of rasagiline did not affect the colonic motility in vitro and the colonic DA level in rats, although MAO‐B activity was significantly inhibited.Conclusions & InferencesMonoamine oxidase‐B is abundant in the colonic muscular layer including myenteric plexus of rat and human. Long‐term administration of rasagiline can increase colonic DA thereby inhibiting colonic motility, suggesting that colonic MAO‐B could be a potential drug target for colonic dysmotility.
Revealing mechanisms of salinity tissue tolerance in succulent halophytes: A case study for Carpobrotus rossi
Authors: Zeng Fanrong , Shabala Sergey , Maksimović Jelena Dragišić , Maksimović Vuk , Bonales‐Alatorre Edgar , Shabala Lana , Yu Min , Zhang Guoping , Živanović Branka D. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEfforts to breed salt tolerant crops could benefit from investigating previously unexplored traits. One of them is a tissue succulency. In this work, we have undertaken an electrophysiological and biochemical comparison of properties of mesophyll and storage parenchyma leaf tissues of a succulent halophyte species Carpobrotus rosii (“pigface”). We show that storage parenchyma cells of C. rossii act as Na+ sink and possessed both higher Na+ sequestration (298 vs. 215 mM NaCl in mesophyll) and better K+ retention ability. The latter traits was determined by the higher rate of H+‐ATPase operation and higher nonenzymatic antioxidant activity in this tissue. Na+ uptake in both tissues was insensitive to either Gd3+ or elevated Ca2+ ruling out involvement of nonselective cation channels as a major path for Na+ entry. Patch‐clamp experiments have revealed that Caprobrotus plants were capable to downregulate activity of fast vacuolar channels when exposed to saline environment; this ability was higher in the storage parenchyma cells compared with mesophyll. Also, storage parenchyma cells have constitutively lower number of open slow vacuolar channels, whereas in mesophyll, this suppression was inducible by salt. Taken together, these results provide a mechanistic basis for efficient Na+ sequestration in the succulent leaf tissues.
When should iron supplementation in dialysis patients be avoided, minimized or withdrawn?
Authors: Rostoker Guy 
Published: June 2018

AbstractParenteral iron is used to restore the body's iron pool before and during erythropoiesis‐stimulating agent (ESA) therapy; together these agents form the backbone of anemia management in end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing hemodialysis. ESRD patients receiving chronic intravenous iron products, which exceed their blood loss are exposed to an increased risk of positive iron balance. Measurement of the liver iron concentration (LIC) reflects total body iron stores in patients with secondary hemosiderosis and genetic hemochromatosis. Recent studies of LIC in hemodialysis patients, measured by quantitative MRI and magnetic susceptometry, have demonstrated a high risk of iron overload in dialysis patients treated with IV iron products at doses advocated by current anemia management guidelines for dialysis patients. Liver iron overload causes increased production of hepcidin and elevated plasma levels, which can activate macrophages of atherosclerotic plaques. This mechanism may explain the results of 3 long‐term epidemiological studies which showed the association of excessive IV iron doses with increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among hemodialysis patients. A more physiological approach of iron therapy in ESRD is needed. Peritoneal dialysis patients, hemodialysis patients infected with hepatitis C virus, and hemodialysis patients with ferritin above 1000 μg/L without a concomitant inflammatory state, all require specific and cautious iron management. Two recent studies have shown that most hemodialysis patients will benefit from lower maintenance IV iron dosages; their results are applicable to American hemodialysis patients. Novel pharmacometric and economic approaches to iron therapy and anemia management are emerging which are designed to lessen the potential side effects of excessive IV iron while maintaining hemoglobin stability without an increase in ESA dosing.
Bank finance for private firms in China: Does political capital still pay off?
Authors: Cheng Wenli , Wu Yongzheng 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis paper investigates whether political connection can help private firms in China gain access to commercial bank loans. Based on data from the 2012 Nationwide Survey of Private Enterprises in China, it finds that: (i) politically connected firms were more likely to have access to commercial bank loans; (ii) the mechanism for this better access might be that, on the one hand, political connection was used by private firms as a tool to overcome discrimination and/or information asymmetry in the loan market; on the other hand, political connection was seen by banks as a signal of creditworthiness; and (iii) the importance of political connection seems to lie in the connection to the power to govern rather than the mere opportunity to influence policy.
Is obesity associated with depression in children? Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sutaria Shailen , Devakumar Delan , Yasuda Sílvia Shikanai , Das Shikta , Saxena Sonia 
Published: June 2018

ObjectivesTo compare the odds of depression in obese and overweight children with that in normal-weight children in the community.DesignSystematic review and random-effect meta-analysis of observational studies.Data sourcesEMBASE, PubMed and PsychINFO electronic databases, published between January 2000 and January 2017.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesCross-sectional or longitudinal observational studies that recruited children (aged <18 years) drawn from the community who had their weight status classified by body mass index, using age-adjusted and sex-adjusted reference charts or the International Obesity Task Force age-sex specific cut-offs, and concurrent or prospective odds of depression were measured.ResultsTwenty-two studies representing 143 603 children were included in the meta-analysis. Prevalence of depression among obese children was 10.4%. Compared with normal-weight children, odds of depression were 1.32 higher (95% CI 1.17 to 1.50) in obese children. Among obese female children, odds of depression were 1.44 (95% CI 1.20 to 1.72) higher compared with that of normal-weight female children. No association was found between overweight children and depression (OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.14) or among obese or overweight male subgroups and depression (OR 1.14, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.41% and 1.08, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.37, respectively). Subgroup analysis of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies separately revealed childhood obesity was associated with both concurrent (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.45) and prospective odds (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.88) of depression.ConclusionWe found strong evidence that obese female children have a significantly higher odds of depression compared with normal-weight female children, and this risk persists into adulthood. Clinicians should consider screening obese female children for symptoms of depression.BackgroundChildhood mental illness is poorly recognised by healthcare providers and parents, despite half of all lifetime cases of diagnosable mental illness beginning by the age of 14 years.
1
Globally, depression is the leading cause of disease burden, as measured by disability-adjusted life years, in children aged 10–19 years.
2
Untreated, it is associated with poor school performance and social functioning, substance misuse, recurring depression in adulthood and increased suicide risk, which is the second leading cause of preventable death among young people.
3–6
The resulting cost to the National Health Service of treating depression is estimated at over £2 billion, and the wider social and economic impact of depression is likely to be considerable.
7
Algorithms and Bounds for L-Drawings of Directed Graphs
Authors: Angelini Patrizio , Lozzo Giordano Da , Bartolomeo Marco Di , Donato Valentino Di , Patrignani Maurizio , Roselli Vincenzo , Tollis Ioannis G. 
Published: June 2018

We introduce L-drawings, a novel paradigm for representing directed graphs aiming at combining the readability features of orthogonal drawings with the expressive power of adjacency matrix representations. In an L-drawing, vertices have exclusive [Formula: see text]- and [Formula: see text]-coordinates and edges consist of two segments, one exiting the source vertically and one entering the destination horizontally. We study the problem of computing L-drawings using minimum ink. We prove its NP-hardness and provide a heuristic based on a polynomial-time algorithm that adds a vertex to a drawing using the minimum additional ink. We performed an experimental analysis of the heuristic which confirms its effectiveness.
A Combinatorial Model of Two-Sided Search
Authors: Aydinian Harout , Cicalese Ferdinando , Deppe Christian , Lebedev Vladimir 
Published: June 2018

We study a new model of combinatorial group testing: the item to be found (a.k.a. the target) occupies an unknown node in a graph. At each time instant, we can test (or query) a subset of the nodes and learn whether the target occupies any of such nodes. Immediately after the result of the test is available, the target can move to any node adjacent to its present location. The search finishes when we are able to locate the object with some predefined accuracy [Formula: see text] (a parameter fixed beforehand), i.e., to indicate a set of [Formula: see text] nodes that includes the location of the object. In this paper we study two types of problems related to the above model: (i) what is the minimum value of the accuracy parameter for which a search strategy in the above sense exists; (ii) given the accuracy, what is the minimum number of tests that allow to locate the target. We study these questions on paths, cycles, and trees as underlying graphs and provide tight answers for the above questions. We also consider a restricted variant of the problem, where the number of moves of the target is bounded.
Cyclophilin A Function in Mammary Epithelium Impacts Jak2/Stat5 Signaling, Morphogenesis, Differentiation, and Tumorigenesis in the Mammary Gland
Authors: Volker Sonja E. , Hedrick Shannon E. , Feeney Yvonne B. , Clevenger Charles V. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The prolyl isomerase cyclophilin A (CypA) regulates the Jak2/Stat5 pathway, which is necessary for mammary differentiation and the pathogenesis of breast cancer. In this study, we assessed the role of this isomerase during mammary gland development and erbB2-driven tumorigenesis. Genetic deletion of CypA resulted in delayed mammary gland morphogenesis and differentiation with corresponding decrease in Jak2/Stat5 activation; mammary gland cross-transplantation confirmed this defect was epithelial in nature. Analysis of mammary stem and progenitor populations revealed significant disruption of epithelial maturation. Loss of CypA in the erbB2 transgenic mouse model revealed a marked increase in mammary tumor latency that correlated with decreased Stat5 activation, associated gene expression, and reduced epithelial cell proliferation. These results demonstrate an important role for CypA in the regulation of Jak2/Stat5–mediated biology in mammary epithelium, identifying this isomerase as a novel target for therapeutic intervention.
Significance: These findings reveal cyclophilin A functions in normal mammary epithelial development and ErbB2-driven mammary tumorigenesis and suggest therapies targeting cyclophilin A may be efficacious for breast cancer treatment.
Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/78/14/3877/F1.large.jpg. Cancer Res; 78(14); 3877–87. ©2018 AACR.
LIFEx: A Freeware for Radiomic Feature Calculation in Multimodality Imaging to Accelerate Advances in the Characterization of Tumor Heterogeneity
Authors: Nioche Christophe , Orlhac Fanny , Boughdad Sarah , Reuzé Sylvain , Goya-Outi Jessica , Robert Charlotte , Pellot-Barakat Claire , Soussan Michael , Frouin Frédérique , Buvat Irène 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Textural and shape analysis is gaining considerable interest in medical imaging, particularly to identify parameters characterizing tumor heterogeneity and to feed radiomic models. Here, we present a free, multiplatform, and easy-to-use freeware called LIFEx, which enables the calculation of conventional, histogram-based, textural, and shape features from PET, SPECT, MR, CT, and US images, or from any combination of imaging modalities. The application does not require any programming skills and was developed for medical imaging professionals. The goal is that independent and multicenter evidence of the usefulness and limitations of radiomic features for characterization of tumor heterogeneity and subsequent patient management can be gathered. Many options are offered for interactive textural index calculation and for increasing the reproducibility among centers. The software already benefits from a large user community (more than 800 registered users), and interactions within that community are part of the development strategy.
Significance: This study presents a user-friendly, multi-platform freeware to extract radiomic features from PET, SPECT, MR, CT, and US images, or any combination of imaging modalities. Cancer Res; 78(16); 4786–9. ©2018 AACR.
Pathology, Chemoprevention, and Preclinical Models for Target Validation in Barrett Esophagus
Authors: Urbanska Aleksandra M. , Ponnazhagan Selvarangan , Mozafari Masoud 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Despite esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) being the most widespread among gastrointestinal cancers, with an 11-fold increase in the risk of cancer for patients with Barrett esophagus (BE), its prognosis is still poor. There is a critical need to better perceive the biology of cancer progression and identification of specific targets that are the hallmark of BE's progression. This review explores the established animal models of BE, including genetic, surgical and nonsurgical approaches, potential chemoprevention targets, and the reasoning behind their applications to prevent Barrett-related EAC. The key methodological features in the design feasibility of relevant studies are also discussed. Cancer Res; 78(14); 3747–54. ©2018 AACR.
Baldus and the Limits of Representation
Authors: Rossi Guido 
Published: June 2018

Summary
Most contributions on agency and representation in medieval law tend to look at collegiate offices, not individual ones: when, how and to what extent can a plurality of people be represented by a single individual. For individual offices – that is, offices not representing a collectivity – the approach was typically another. From the king to the magistrate, the office was not necessarily viewed as a different subject from that of the individual person discharging it, but rather construed as a series of powers vested in that person.