bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semantic constraint on preposition incorporation of postverbal locative PPs in Mandarin Chinese
Authors: Peck Jeeyoung , Lin Jingxia 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOther than subcategorized argument locative PPs (e.g. 放在桌子上fàng zài zhuōzi-shàng‘put on the table’), the postverbal position in Modern Mandarin Chinese can only be filled by limited types of adjunct locative prepositional phrases (e.g. 跳在桌子上tiào zài zhuōzi-shàng‘jump onto the table’). Among these postverbal adjunct locative PPs, only a small set of PPs permits the incorporation of the preposition into the preceding verb to form a V-P compound (“preposition incorporation”), yielding their previous prepositional object to surface as the object of the compound verb V-P. Previous studies claim that adjunct phrases which quantize an event, such as event delimiters, may behave like arguments (“the delimiter hypothesis”). Yet, our observations find that adjunct locative PPs that are not event delimiters (e.g. directional 向xiàng/往wǎng‘toward’ PPs or non-directional 在zài‘at’ PPs) can also allow their prepositional object to appear as the verbal object. This thus calls for a modification of the widely-accepted delimiter hypothesis. We argue that the semantic characterization of the postverbal locative PPs permitting PI can be generalized as being associated with the denotation of a scalar result. Specifically, we understandresultfrom the perspective ofscale structureproposed in recent studies and argue that in addition to delimiting an event (that is, introducing a closed scale to the event from the scalar perspective), such PPs can also either add directional information (an open scale) to the event that they modify, or further specify scalar information for the event denoted by the VP. This work not only provides a unified analysis of most types of preposition incorporation that involve the postverbal locative PPs in Mandarin Chinese, but is also the first study that provides a comprehensive analysis of the scalar properties and functions of Chinese locative PPs. Our findings from the Chinese data will also contribute to the cross-linguistic semantic generalization of internal adjuncts and the domain of extended direct case assignment.
Politeness and evaluative adjectives in Italian turn-of-the-century etiquette books (1877–1914)
Authors: Paternoster Annick 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This study examines evaluative adjectives and politeness evaluators in 9 popular etiquette books published in turn-of-the-century Italy between 1877–1914, with the aim to determine the values that are involved in the judgement of behaviour. Using Appraisal Theory (Martin & White 2005), I group positive evaluative adjectives in the following semantic sets: Normality, Capacity, Tenacity, Veracity and Politeness. Politeness comprises the subsets Conformity, Affection, Goodness and Pleasure. The paper establishes diversity and frequencies within the various lexical sets, which are used to design a conceptual map. The map shows the dominating ideological weight of etiquette and its core values of Normality and Conformity, which point towards intensely regulated behaviour in a large number of contexts.
Promoting negative politeness in nineteenth-century England
Authors: Shvanyukova Polina 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In this contribution I investigate linguistic strategies of making requests employed in a corpus of nineteenth-century letter-writing manuals in English (Sadler 1835; Cooke 1850 [1770]; Cann 1878; Penholder 1890). The aim of the study is to establish whether linguistic prescriptions recommended to the users of the manuals reflect the contemporary shift towards negative politeness in English, as claimed in previous studies (Culpeper & Demmen 2012; Jucker 2012). The inventory of lexico-grammatical forms used to make requests will be devised by collecting examples from the sections of the manuals dedicated to commercial correspondence. The analysis of the examples reveals that the repertoire of strategies of making requests was vast, including categories such as modulated direct requests, as well as modulated indirect requests. The findings are discussed in the light of current politeness theories.
“With kindest regards”
Authors: Dossena Marina 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In Late Modern times, both usage guides and letter-writing manuals commented on language etiquette, providing guidance on how to address specific recipients according to their rank, age, and gender, how to approach certain topics, and how to convey mutual status relying exclusively on language. Guides and manuals, however, cannot always be assumed to be accurate representations of what actually occurred in usage. In this contribution I intend to investigate these materials alongside authentic ones, in order to assess the extent to which texts convey their writers’ awareness of asymmetrical social status by placing particular emphasis on politeness moves. Special attention is paid to business discourse, where identity construal issues are crucial for the maintenance of successful networks.
Language discordance and technological facilitation in health care service encounters
Authors: De Wilde July , Van Praet Ellen , Van Vaerenbergh Yves 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This chapter reports on the design and implementation of a multilingual, mobile app to facilitate the communication in language discordant face-to-face service encounters (SEs). It describes the results of a two-group between-subjects experiment, in which respondents (N = 20) were randomly assigned to either a SE with app (N = 11), or a SE without app (N = 9). The research builds on the hypothesis that technological mediation facilitates the transfer of information. To verify this hypothesis, it relies on qualitative and quantitative research data: (i) SERVQUAL satisfaction questionnaires and (ii) interaction analysis of video-recorded SEs. The findings address concerns of lengthened visit time, reduced eye contact and additional training needs. The chapter closes with brief guidelines for unlocking the potential of mHealth in language discordant SEs.
Context and pragmatic meaning in telephone interpreting
Authors: Lázaro Gutiérrez Raquel , Cabrera Méndez Gabriel 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Remote and telephone interpreting involve a number of skills that must be acquired. For instance, telephone interpreters cannot take into account their first impression of the situation before starting work as, because of reasons of practicality, briefing is rarely possible. Thus, it is typically quite challenging to select the appropriate context and, in turn, grasp the pragmatic meaning of the discourse being interpreted. Professional telephone interpreters have developed a set of strategies to cope with this difficulty – mostly based on their own skills and experience. This chapter presents the analysis of a case study consisting of a mediated telephone conversation between doctors/patient and interpreter in Spanish and Italian within the context of Hospital Emergency Department. Our main aim is to illustrate, with examples, the difficulties interpreters encounter and the strategic solutions they adopt in order to cope.
Managing verbal and embodied conduct in telephone-mediated service encounters
Authors: Matthew Edmonds David , Weatherall Ann 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In telephone-mediated service encounters, there are limits on how parties interact with one another. Speakers are restricted to only verbal (what they say) and aural (what they hear) means of communication. Therefore, a practical problem at the heart of such interactions is how speakers manage embodied conduct, given that they can only hear – rather than see the other person. We investigated how verbal and embodied conduct were managed in a corpus of 63 calls to a New Zealand helpline service where callers (complainants) interact with conciliators (institutional representatives) to complain about, and attempt to resolve disputes with their electricity and gas providers. Using conversation analysis, we document two ways that callers could manage verbal and embodied conduct in a particular type of sequence in these calls.
Call centre service encounters
Authors: Mugford Gerrard 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Non-native English-speaking call-centre agents, often located hundreds of miles from their customers, engage in asymmetrical transactional relationships with callers who often question their language proficiency and their overall work competence. Potentially placed at a communicative disadvantage with their native-speaking callers, the operators cannot directly confront their customers. Furthermore, agents tend to engage in conversationalised transactional talk as they adhere to scripts, standardised politeness routines and “synthetic personalisation” (Fairclough 2010). A critical discourse analysis framework examines Mexican call centre agents’ own perceptions regarding how they face up to the challenges of constructing a dialogue on equal terms, negotiate conflictive situations and overcome a sense of powerlessness due to their restrictive discursive options.
Relational practices on commercial Facebook wall interactions
Authors: Bou-Franch Patricia 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This chapter explores mediated service encounters in social networking sites, as examples of the new (or reconfigured) forms of social organization and interaction brought about by technology. Social networking sites afford multidirectional communication, i.e. encounters between companies and consumers, as well as interactions among consumers, which are impacting previously stable corporate and consumer roles and are transforming efficiency and sociability management in various ways. This chapter specifically investigates relational practices on commercial Facebook pages. To carry out this research, a reference corpus of commercial wall interactions, comprising over 900 comments, was compiled. A representative sample (n = 290 posts) was quantitatively analyzed to identify consumers’ alignment with the corporation. Drawing on a revised framework of relational work and extant second-order taxonomies of im/politeness, a qualitative analysis unveiled a number of relational practices that emerged in supportive and unsupportive interactions. This chapter unveiled specific interactional patterns and revealed the predominance of both textual and visual relational practices on Facebook.
The politics of cholera, crisis and citizenship in urban Zimbabwe: ‘People were dying like flies’
Authors: Chigudu Simukai 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Zimbabwe’s catastrophic cholera outbreak of 2008/09 resulted in an unprecedented 100,000 cases and nearly 5,000 deaths. In the aftermath of the epidemic, questions of suffering and death and of rescue, relief, and rehabilitation have persisted in on-going processes of meaning-making through which people come to terms with the epidemic as a ‘man-made’ disaster. Based on extensive fieldwork, I examine the views of residents in Harare’s high-density townships that were epicentres of the disease. I argue that cholera was experienced by township residents as many crises at the same time. It was not only a public health crisis but also a political–economic crisis, a social crisis as well as a crisis of expectations, history and social identity. As such, I argue that the cholera outbreak was intensely generative of political subjectivities that reveal important shifts in the fraught relations between state and society in Zimbabwe’s urban politics. Finally, I argue that the government’s perceived causal role in, and failure to respond to, the cholera outbreak occasioned intense public outrage among township residents, which speaks to a much deeper aspiration for substantive citizenship based on political rights, social recognition, and access to high-quality public services delivered by a robust, responsible state.
CRISPR-DT: designing gRNAs for the CRISPR-Cpf1 system with improved target efficiency and specificity
Authors: Zhu Houxiang , Liang Chun 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Motivation
The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-Cpf1 system has been successfully applied in genome editing. However, target efficiency of the CRISPR-Cpf1 system varies among different guide RNA (gRNA) sequences.

Results
In this study, we reanalyzed the published CRISPR-Cpf1 gRNAs data and found many sequence and structural features related to their target efficiency. With the aid of Random Forest in feature selection, a support vector machine model was created to predict target efficiency for any given gRNAs. We have developed the first CRISPR-Cpf1 web service application, CRISPR-DT (CRISPR DNA Targeting), to help users design optimal gRNAs for the CRISPR-Cpf1 system by considering both target efficiency and specificity. CRISPR-DT will empower researchers in genome editing.

Availability and implementation
CRISPR-DT, mainly implemented in Perl, PHP and JavaScript, is freely available at http://bioinfolab.miamioh.edu/CRISPR-DT.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Simulation of heterogeneous tumour genomes with HeteroGenesis and in silico whole exome sequencing
Authors: Tanner Georgette , Westhead David R , Droop Alastair , Stead Lucy F 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Summary
Tumour evolution results in progressive cancer phenotypes such as metastatic spread and treatment resistance. To better treat cancers, we must characterize tumour evolution and the genetic events that confer progressive phenotypes. This is facilitated by high coverage genome or exome sequencing. However, the best approach by which, or indeed whether, these data can be used to accurately model and interpret underlying evolutionary dynamics is yet to be confirmed. Establishing this requires sequencing data from appropriately heterogeneous tumours in which the exact trajectory and combination of events occurring throughout its evolution are known. We therefore developed HeteroGenesis: a tool to generate realistically evolved tumour genomes, which can be sequenced using weighted-Wessim (w-Wessim), an in silico exome sequencing tool that we have adapted from previous methods. HeteroGenesis simulates more complex and realistic heterogeneous tumour genomes than existing methods, can model different evolutionary dynamics, and enables the creation of multi-region and longitudinal data.

Availability and implementation
HeteroGenesis and w-Wessim are freely available under the GNU General Public Licence from https://github.com/GeorgetteTanner, implemented in Python and supported on linux and MS Windows.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Prevalence of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis D Virus Infections in the United States, 2011–2016
Authors: Patel Eshan U , Thio Chloe L , Boon Denali , Thomas David L , Tobian Aaron A R 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Among adults in the 2011-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), the estimated prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was 0.36% overall and 3.4% in non-Hispanic Asians. Among adult HBsAg carriers, 42% had antibodies to hepatitis delta virus (anti-HDV). Routine anti-HDV testing should be considered for HBsAg carriers.
The simplex geometry of graphs
Authors: Devriendt Karel , Van Mieghem Piet 
Published: January 2019

AbstractGraphs are a central object of study in various scientific fields, such as discrete mathematics, theoretical computer science and network science. These graphs are typically studied using combinatorial, algebraic or probabilistic methods, each of which highlights the properties of graphs in a unique way. Here, we discuss a novel approach to study graphs: the simplex geometry (a simplex is a generalized triangle). This perspective, proposed by Miroslav Fiedler, introduces techniques from (simplex) geometry into the field of graph theory and conversely, via an exact correspondence. We introduce this graph-simplex correspondence, identify a number of basic connections between graph characteristics and simplex properties, and suggest some applications as example.
Unpacking ‘the cloud’: a framework for implementing public health approaches to palliative care
Authors: Pfaff Kathryn A , Dolovich Lisa , Howard Michelle , Sattler Deborah , Zwarenstein Merrick , Marshall Denise 
Published: January 2019

Summary
Designing and implementing population-based systems of care that address the social determinants of health, take action on multiple levels, and are guided by evidence-based principles is a pressing priority, and an international challenge. Aging persons are a priority demographic whose health needs span physical, psychosocial and existential care domains, increase in the last year of life, are often poorly coordinated and therefore remain unmet. Compassionate communities (CCs) are an example of a public health approach that fully addresses the holistic healthcare needs of those who are aging and nearing end of life. The sharing of resources, tools, and innovations among implementers of CCs is occurring globally. Although this can increase impact, it also generates complexity that can complicate robust evaluation. When initiating population health level projects, it is important to clearly define and organize concepts and processes that are proposed to influence the health outcomes. The Health Impact Change Model (HICM) was developed to unpack the complexities associated with the implementation and evaluation of a Canadian CC intervention. The HICM offers utility for citizens, leaders and decision-makers who are engaged in the implementation of population health level strategies or other social approaches to care, such as compassionate cities and age or dementia-friendly communities. The HICM’s concepts can be adapted to address a community’s healthcare context, needs, and goals for change. We share examples of how the model’s major concepts have been applied in the development, evaluation and spread of a complex CC approach.
EAP1 regulation of GnRH promoter activity is important for human pubertal timing
Authors: Mancini Alessandra , Howard Sasha R , Cabrera Claudia P , Barnes Michael R , David Alessia , Wehkalampi Karoliina , Heger Sabine , Lomniczi Alejandro , Guasti Leonardo , Ojeda Sergio R , Dunkel Leo 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The initiation of puberty is orchestrated by an augmentation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion from a few thousand hypothalamic neurons. Recent findings have indicated that the neuroendocrine control of puberty may be regulated by a hierarchically organized network of transcriptional factors acting upstream of GnRH. These include enhanced at puberty 1 (EAP1), which contributes to the initiation of female puberty through transactivation of the GnRH promoter. However, no EAP1 mutations have been found in humans with disorders of pubertal timing. We performed whole-exome sequencing in 67 probands and 93 relatives from a large cohort of familial self-limited delayed puberty (DP). Variants were analyzed for rare, potentially pathogenic variants enriched in case versus controls and relevant to the biological control of puberty. We identified one in-frame deletion (Ala221del) and one rare missense variant (Asn770His) in EAP1 in two unrelated families; these variants were highly conserved and potentially pathogenic. Expression studies revealed Eap1 mRNA abundance in peri-pubertal mouse hypothalamus. EAP1 binding to the GnRH1 promoter increased in monkey hypothalamus at the onset of puberty as determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Using a luciferase reporter assay, EAP1 mutants showed a reduced ability to trans-activate the GnRH promoter compared to wild-type EAP1, due to reduced protein levels caused by the Ala221del mutation and subcellular mislocation caused by the Asn770His mutation, as revealed by western blot and immunofluorescence, respectively. In conclusion, we have identified the first EAP1 mutations leading to reduced GnRH transcriptional activity resulting in a phenotype of self-limited DP.
Janzen’s Hypothesis Meets the Bogert Effect: Connecting Climate Variation, Thermoregulatory Behavior, and Rates of Physiological Evolution
Authors: Muñoz M M , Bodensteiner B L 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Understanding the motors and brakes that guide physiological evolution is a topic of keen interest, and is of increasing importance in light of global climate change. For more than half a century, Janzen’s hypothesis has been used to understand how climatic variability influences physiological divergence across elevation and latitude. At the same time, there has been increasing recognition that behavior and physiological evolution are mechanistically linked, with regulatory behaviors often serving to dampen environmental selection and stymie evolution (a phenomenon termed the Bogert effect). Here, we illustrate how some aspects of Janzen’s hypothesis and the Bogert effect can be connected to conceptually link climate, behavior, and rates of physiological evolution in a common framework. First, we demonstrate how thermal heterogeneity varies between nighttime and daytime environments across elevation in a tropical mountain. Using data from Hispaniolan Anolis lizards, we show how clinal variation in cold tolerance is consistent with thermally homogenous nighttime environments. Elevational patterns of heat tolerance and the preferred temperature, in contrast, are best explained by incorporating the buffering effects of thermoregulatory behavior in thermally heterogeneous daytime environments. In turn, climatic variation and behavior interact to determine rates of physiological evolution, with heat tolerance and the preferred temperature evolving much more slowly than cold tolerance. Conceptually bridging some aspects of Janzen’s hypothesis and the Bogert effect provides an integrative, cohesive framework illustrating how environment and behavior interact to shape patterns of physiological evolution.
Rib Motions Don’t Completely Hinge on Joint Design: Costal Joint Anatomy and Ventilatory Kinematics in a Teiid Lizard, Salvator merianae
Authors: Capano J G , Moritz S , Cieri R L , Reveret L , Brainerd E L 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRib rotations contribute to lung ventilation in most extant amniotes. These rotations are typically described as bucket-handle rotation about a dorsoventral axis, caliper rotation about a craniocaudal axis, and pump-handle rotation about a mediolateral axis. A synapomorphy for Lepidosauria is single-headed costovertebral articulations derived from the ancestral double-headed articulations of most amniotes. With a single articular surface, the costovertebral joints of squamates have the potential to rotate with three degrees-of-freedom (DOFs), but considerable variation exists in joint shape. We compared the costovertebral morphology of the Argentine black and white tegu, Salvator merianae, with the green iguana, Iguana iguana, and found that the costovertebral articulations of I. iguana were hemispherical, while those of S. merianae were dorsoventrally elongated and hemiellipsoidal. We predicted that the elongate joints in S. merianae would permit bucket-handle rotations while restricting caliper and pump-handle rotations, relative to the rounded joints of I. iguana. We used X-ray reconstruction of moving morphology to quantify rib rotations during breathing in S. merianae for comparison with prior work in I. iguana. Consistent with our hypothesis, we found less caliper motion in S. merianae than in I. iguana, but unexpectedly found similar pump-handle magnitudes in each species. The dorsoventrally elongate costovertebral morphology of S. merianae may provide passive rib support to reduce the conflict between locomotion and ventilation. Moreover, the observation of multiple DOFs during rib rotations in both species suggests that permissive costovertebral morphology may be more related to the biological roles of ribs outside of ventilation and help explain the evolution of this trait.