bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The In vivo Antioxidant Protective Activity of Mangifera indica Cold Aqueous Leaf Extract in Drosophila Melanogaster
Authors: Alexander Etuh, Monday , C. Aguiyi John , Ogwu Ochala, Sunshine , Simeon Omale , Imoleayo Oyeniran, Oluwatosin , Debola Oshibanjo Olusegun , Pam Dung 
Published: August 2019

Objective: To evaluate in vivo antioxidant activity of Mangifera indica cold aqueous leaf extract.
Methods: A number of 50 adult flies were exposed to graded concentrations of Mangifera indca cold aqueous leaf extract, 2.5 mg/10 g diet, 5 mg/10 g diet and 10 mg/10 g diet for 5 days. Each concentration was prepared in 200 µl of distilled water and replicated five times. 10 g diet with 200 µl distilled water served as control. Mortality reading was taken at 24 hours interval. The flies were homogenized, centrifuged and the supernatant was used to assay for Glutathione-S-transferase (GST), Catalase (CAT) and Total thiol content.
Results: The % mortality of flies after 5 days showed 32.5%, 0%, 15.5% and 37% in the control (10 g diet with 200 µl of distilled water), 2.5 mg/10 g diet, 5 mg/10 g diet and 10 mg/ 10 g diet respectively. There was elevation in total thiol content and high GST and CAT activity in 2.5 mg/10 g diet and 5 mg/10 g diet treated flies.
Conclusion: The 100% and 85% survival of 2.5 mg/10 g and 5 mg/10 g diet-treated flies respectively and increase of fly antioxidant system after 5 days exposure at these concentrations may suggest protective activity of Mangifera indica in D. melanogaster.
Assessment of the Microbial Biomass Carbon (MB-C), Nitrogen (MB-N) and Phosphorus (MB-P) in Soil Spiked with Pesticides (Carbofuran and Paraquat)
Authors: Ataikiru T. L. , Okpokwasili G. S. C. , Okerentugba P. O. 
Published: August 2019

This study aimed at determining the impact of Carbofuran and Paraquat use on soil microbial biomass and microbial population as soil health index. Pot experiment, set-up as a randomized block design with replicates was done, with both pesticides applied at recommended rates for eight weeks. Twenty-four (24) soil samples were taken from the pesticides polluted soil as well as the unpolluted soil. These samples were used to assess the effect of pesticides on microbial biomass carbon (MB-C), nitrogen (MB-N) and phosphorus (MB-P). Also, microbial population (determined by aerobic spread plate count) of the pesticide-polluted soils was used as health index. The assessments were done weekly. The microbial biomass values increased from 273.48 µg/g to 293.15 µg/g (MB-C), 17.275 µg/g to 18.52 µg/g (MB-N) and 10.605 µg/g to 11.37 µg/g (MB-P) in carbofuran treated soil while increases from 277.26 µg/g to 288.365 µg/g (MB-C), 17.515 µg/g to 18.22 µg/g (MB-N) and 10.745 µg/g to 11.18 µg/g (MB-P) were observed in paraquat treated soil. The microbial counts in treated soils were within the ranges of 1.95 x 106 cfu/g to 1.03 x 107 cfu/g, 8.83 x 104 to 1.90 x 105 cfu/g, 1.08x 104 to 2.43 x 104, 1.15 x105 to 2.17 x 105 cfu/g, 1.38 x 105 to 2.22 x 105 cfu/g for total heterotrophic bacterial, fungal, actinomycetes, phosphate solubilizers, nitrifiers counts, respectively.
The pesticides had no negative effects on the MB-C, MB-N, MB-P and soil microorganisms at recommended field rates, hence their use must be strictly based on these rates. These findings indicate that the relationship between soil nutrients and microbial biomass is significant in facilitating the use of microbial biomass as an important soil quality indicator.
Is There a Relationship between Energy, Amount of Information and Temperature?
Authors: M. Menin Boris 
Published: August 2019

Aims: To use the generally accepted formulas linking energy, temperature and information, and not requiring any additional restrictions, to introduce a practical numerical value of the energy of any specific object based on the amount of information and thermodynamic temperature.
Place and Duration of Study: Beer-Sheba, between January 2019 and July 2019.
Methodology: By combining the Landauer limit and Bekenstein’s proof that the amount of information of any physical system must be finite, if the object space and its energy are finite, the values of energy-matter and energy, based on the amount of information, were calculated for various elements of nature. In addition, a formula is presented for the energy of the universe containing these two components.
Results: The energy content of an object depends not only on its mass and speed. The value of the additional independent component, due to the amount of information contained in the object, is caused by its size and the ambient temperature. This component has never been considered in the scientific literature. This means that energy is inextricably linked with both the space and the thermodynamic component of Nature.
Conclusion: Using the generally accepted formulas linking energy, temperature and information and not requiring any additional restrictions, we have shown that it is possible to represent the energy of the universe on the basis of information theory.
A Perylene Bisimide‐Contained Molecular Dyad with High‐Efficient Charge Separation: Switchability, Tunability, and Applicability in Moisture Detection
Authors: Wang Zhaolong , Wang Gang , Chang Xingmao , Liu Ke , Qi Yanyu , Shang Congdi , Huang Rongrong , Liu Taihong , Fang Yu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDesigning novel fluorophores with nonplanar structure and environmental sensitivity is of great significance for the development of high‐performance film‐based fluorescent sensors. Herein, a unique pentiptycene (P) and perylene bisimide (PBI)‐contained fluorescent dyad (P‐PBI‐P) displaying a switchable and tunable charge separated state is reported. It is demonstrated that this symmetrical and dumbbell‐like molecular dyad shows a greater extent of photoinduced intramolecular electron transfer than the asymmetrical dyad, P‐PBI. In addition, the charge separated state (P+‐PBI−‐P/P‐PBI−‐P+) of the fluorophore is super susceptive to solvent polarity, allowing sensitive detection of water content in organic liquids. Based on the finding, two P‐PBI‐P‐based fluorescent humidity sensors are fabricated, and they both show linear responses to air humidity within a range of at least 6.3% to 100% (relative humidity, RH). The response time is less than a few seconds, and the recovery time less than 1 min. Importantly, almost no hysteresis is found during a cyclic humidification and dehumidification test within the whole RH range studied. The superior performance of the humidity sensors based on the modulation of the charge separated state of a fluorophore constitutes an effective way for designing high‐performance film‐based fluorescent sensors.
Preparation of Macroscopic Block‐Copolymer‐Based Gyroidal Mesoscale Single Crystals by Solvent Evaporation
Authors: Susca Ethan M. , Beaucage Peter A. , Thedford R. Paxton , Singer Andrej , Gruner Sol M. , Estroff Lara A. , Wiesner Ulrich 
Published: August 2019

AbstractProperties arising from ordered periodic mesostructures are often obscured by small, randomly oriented domains and grain boundaries. Bulk macroscopic single crystals with mesoscale periodicity are needed to establish fundamental structure–property correlations for materials ordered at this length scale (10–100 nm). A solvent‐evaporation‐induced crystallization method providing access to large (millimeter to centimeter) single‐crystal mesostructures, specifically bicontinuous gyroids, in thick films (>100 µm) derived from block copolymers is reported. After in‐depth crystallographic characterization of single‐crystal block copolymer–preceramic nanocomposite films, the structures are converted into mesoporous ceramic monoliths, with retention of mesoscale crystallinity. When fractured, these monoliths display single‐crystal‐like cleavage along mesoscale facets. The method can prepare macroscopic bulk single crystals with other block copolymer systems, suggesting that the method is broadly applicable to block copolymer materials assembled by solvent evaporation. It is expected that such bulk single crystals will enable fundamental understanding and control of emergent mesostructure‐based properties in block‐copolymer‐directed metal, semiconductor, and superconductor materials.
A Strategy for Synthesizing Axially Chiral Naphthyl‐Indoles: Catalytic Asymmetric Addition Reactions of Racemic Substrates
Authors: Jiang Fei , Chen Ke‐Wei , Wu Ping , Zhang Yu‐Chen , Jiao Yinchun , Shi Feng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA new strategy for enantioselective synthesis of axially chiral naphthyl‐indoles has been established through catalytic asymmetric addition reactions of racemic naphthyl‐indoles with bulky electrophiles. Under chiral phosphoric acid catalysis, azodicarboxylates and o‐hydroxybenzyl alcohols served as bulky but reactive electrophiles that were attacked by C2‐unsubstituted naphthyl‐indoles, which underwent a dynamic kinetic resolution to afford two series of axially chiral naphthyl‐indoles in good yields (up to 98 %) and high enantioselectivities (up to 98:2 er).
The Role of Lipid Composition in the Sensory and Physical Properties of Lipsticks
Authors: Abidh Sarah , Cuvelier Gérard , de Clermont‐Gallerande Hélène , Navarro Séverine , Delarue Julien 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe perception of lipstick texture upon application is a key driver of consumer satisfaction. However, formulators may only rely on the absence of knowledge about the relationship between ingredients and product sensory properties. Lipsticks are made of a complex anhydrous mixture that contains about 80% lipids (oils, waxes, and butters). The goal of this work was thus to investigate the combined effect of multiple lipid ingredients on the sensory and physical properties of a cosmetic product such as lipstick. To this end, we first analyzed a typical lipstick formula and its related categories of ingredients. This allowed us to create a simplified, yet realistic lipstick system. Based on this, we formulated 36 lipsticks varying in oil and butter composition according to three mixture designs. All products were evaluated by a panel of sensory experts—with a focus on the slipperiness and melting perception—and analyzed using texture measurements. The physical and sensory results both show that the oils had the strongest impact on the lipstick properties while the impact of the butter was negligible. Moreover, the perceived slipperiness of lipsticks was closely related to the viscosity of the oil mixture present in the formula (R2 = 0.87). Further analyses of lipstick physicochemical properties by differential scanning calorimetry suggest that the nature and amount of oil influence the crystallization of butter and wax, which could explain the dominant impact of the oils on the sensory and mechanical properties of lipsticks.
Distribution of CD147 During EnteropathogenicEscherichia coliandSalmonella entericaSerovar Typhimurium Infections
Authors: Dhanda Aaron S. , Yu Connie , Guttman Julian A. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTEnteropathogenicEscherichia coli(EPEC) andSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) are highly infectious gastrointestinal human pathogens. These microbes inject bacterial‐derived effector proteins directly into the host cell cytosol as part of their disease processes. A common host subcellular target of these pathogens is the actin cytoskeleton, which is commandeered by the bacteria and is used during their attachment onto (EPEC) or invasion into (S. Typhimurium) the host cells. We previously demonstrated that the host enzyme cyclophilin A (CypA) is recruited to the actin‐rich regions of EPEC pedestals andS. Typhimurium membrane ruffles. To further expand the growing catalogue of host proteins usurped by actin‐hijacking bacteria, we examined the host plasma membrane protein and cognate receptor of CypA, CD147, during EPEC andS. Typhimurium infections. Here, we show that CD147 is enriched at the basolateral regions of pedestals but, unlike CypA, it is absent from their actin‐rich core. We show that the CD147 recruitment to these areas requires EPEC pedestal formation and not solely bacteria‐host cell contact. Additionally, we demonstrate that the depletion of CD147 by siRNA does not alter the formation of pedestals. Finally, we show that CD147 is also a component of actin‐rich membrane ruffles generated duringS. Typhimurium invasion of host cells. Collectively, our findings establish CD147 as another host component present at dynamic actin‐rich structures formed during bacterial infections. Anat Rec, 302:2224–2232, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Critical Review: What Cell Types Are the Lung Telocytes?
Authors: Rusu Mugurel C. , Hostiuc Sorin , Fildan Ariadna P. , Tofolean Doina E. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTTelocytes (TCs) are stromal cells defined by peculiar long, thin, moniliform prolongations known as telopodes. When isolated, their morphology often lacks the specificity for the proper definition of a particular cell type. Recent studies have linked TCs with different functions and different cell lineages. Although some authors have studied pulmonary TCs, their research has important limitations that we will attempt to summarize in this article. We will focus our analysis on the following: the culture methods used to study them, the lack of proper discrimination of TCs from lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), whose ultrastructures are very similar, and the immune phenotype of TCs, which may appear in other cell types such as those related to the endothelial lineage or stem/progenitor cells. In conclusion, the cellular diagnosis of lung TCs should be considered with caution until properly designed studies can positively identify these cells and differentiate them from other cell types such as LECs and stem/progenitor cells. Anat Rec, 303:1280–1292, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Ramification Pattern of the Arteries Supplying the Rabbit Female Genital Organs
Authors: Kigata Tetsuhito , Shibata Hideshi 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTUterine adenocarcinoma occurs in more than 60% of female rabbits aged 4 years and over. To cure or prevent this uterine disorder, ovariohysterectomy should be performed. Although knowledge of the arterial supply to the ovary, uterus, and vagina is required, few studies have described the arterial anatomy. Therefore, we dissected ovarian, uterine, and vaginal arteries in 15 New Zealand White and 15 Japanese White rabbits to clarify the anatomy. The ovarian artery arose from the abdominal aorta, and in 50% of cases, the left artery emerged more cranially than the right artery. The ovarian artery provided the ovarian, uterine, and tubal branches with three branching types. The most frequent type (67% of the halves on the right and 63% of the halves on the left) exhibited three branches that independently arose from the ovarian artery. The uterine artery usually originated from the umbilical artery, with its ramification pattern divided into two types, having one or two uterine arteries, respectively. The most frequent type (all halves on the right and 83% of the halves on the left) had one uterine artery that originated from the umbilical artery. We observed three types of vaginal artery origins, with the branching type where the vaginal artery arose from the internal iliac artery being the most frequent (97% of the halves on the right and 90% of the halves on the left). The detailed arterial supply pattern of the rabbit female genital organs determined in the present study will be helpful when performing rabbit gynecological surgeries. Anat Rec, 303:1478–1488, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Gatifloxacin‐1,2,3‐triazole‐isatin hybrids and their antimycobacterial activities
Authors: Ding Zhen , Hou Panfei , Liu Bi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA series of gatifloxacin‐1,2,3‐triazole‐isatin hybrids 8a–l were designed, synthesized, and screened for their in vitro antimycobacterial activity as well as cytotoxicity toward Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells. The synthesized hybrids showed considerable activity against MTB H37Rv and two MDR‐MTB strains with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.25–8 μg/ml, and the hybrid 8a (MICMTB H37Rv: 0.25 μg/ml and MICMDR‐MTB: 0.5 and 1 μg/ml) was found to be most active against the tested strains, which was not inferior to the parent gatifloxacin (MIC: 0.5, 0.25, and 0.5 μg/ml) against all three tested strains, and was ≥128‐fold more active than isoniazid (MIC: ≥64 μg/ml) and rifampicin (MIC: >128 μg/ml) against the two MDR‐MTB strains. Moreover, hybrid 8a (CC50: 8.0 μg/ml) also displayed acceptable cytotoxicity toward CHO cells, and the selectivity index was 32. The structure–activity relationship and structure–cytotoxicity relationship were also enriched.
What is the return period of intense rainfall events in the capital cities of the northeast region of Brazil?
Authors: Oliveira Danilo Henrique Morais Castro , Lima Kellen Carla 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe northeast of Brazil is characterized by a semiarid climate, in which there is a considerable temporal and spatial variability in the distribution of rainfall. In this region, the occurrence of intense rainfall events (IREs) causes severe damage to the population, given that the rampant urbanization and land use processes make cities more susceptible to harmful consequences. Thus, the objective of this study is to estimate the period and the level of return of IREs in the capital cities of the northeast Brazil. For that end, observed data from weather stations of the National Institute of Meteorology for the period from 1988 to 2017 were used. We defined thresholds based on the excesses above the mean and inserted the data in the generalized Pareto distribution in order to obtain diagnostics of future estimates. Results showed that return periods were surpassed in seven of the nine capital cities in 2018. Furthermore, the estimates for IREs with a return period of 5, 10, and 100 years were higher if compared to the return period of 1 year. The results found in this study are extremely relevant for the understanding of the occurrence of these events and also serve as a tool for decision‐making and the elaboration of policies aimed at minimizing the impacts of such events.
Developmental science concepts guide effective support of underrepresented STEM students
Authors: Singer‐Freeman Karen , Bastone Linda 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSupportive programming is frequently designed to increase the success of underrepresented groups in STEM. In this article, we introduce three guiding concepts from developmental psychology (developmental trajectories, developmentally appropriate practices, and holism) and explain how they relate to effective support of students from underrepresented groups. We provide examples of successful applications of these principles in classes, degree programs, and research experiences. © 2019 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 47(5):506–512, 2019.
Integrated reporting and capital markets in an international setting: The role of financial analysts
Authors: Flores Eduardo , Fasan Marco , Mendes‐da‐Silva Wesley , Sampaio Joelson Oliveira 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the interplay between integrated reporting (IR) and capital markets. In particular, building on voluntary disclosure and information processing theories, we hypothesize and empirically find that IR adoption improves analysts' ability to make accurate earnings forecasts. Whereas previous studies focus on the South African context, we rely on an international sample that also allows us to study the moderating effect of the corporate governance regime (shareholder or stakeholder oriented). The results suggest that IR improves analysts' ability to make accurate predictions to a larger extent in North America than in Europe, and we derive interesting insights on the much‐debated nature of IR. This study offers valuable insights to policy makers interested in improving disclosure practices in the financial market.
Three decades and still counting (the wrong things): An analysis of three reports on the possibility and practicality of shifting our academic currency from credit hours to competencies
Authors: Garn Myk 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study examines three milestone reports on competency‐based education (CBE) policy that were produced between 2002 and 2015 to identify whether additional arguments, not made in the three reports, could be formulated to increase the pace of transition from credit hours to competencies as the measure of academic learning. Using content analysis, frequency of topics and categorization within five change driver categories (social–cultural; economy and economics; policy and politics; teaching, learning, and technology; workforce) the study concludes that most arguments were made in the policy and teaching, learning, and technology categories implying that arguments based in the economics (cost) and social–cultural drivers could increase the pace of transition to competencies. The study specifically identifies emphasis on the equity of competency‐based instruction, pacing, and assessment over the current credit hour model as having significant potential to shift and increase the pace of CBE adoption.
Retracted: Control of Nanoparticle Release by Membrane Composition for Dual‐Responsive Nanocapsules
Authors: Liu Xiaoling , Wang Xueyi , Voit Brigitte , Appelhans Dietmar 
Published: August 2019

AbstractStimulus‐responsive polymeric nanocapsules usable as cell mimics can be engineered to precisely control cargo release. This work reports the release behavior of post‐loaded nanoparticles through permeable membranes of stable pH and temperature dual‐responsive polymeric nanocapsules (CP1, CP2, and CP3) with the same membrane thickness but different membrane composition, prepared by layer‐by‐layer assembly and surface‐initiated single electron transfer living radical polymerization, respectively. These nanocapsules differ in their tunable membrane permeability for post‐loaded nanoparticles as protein mimics, tailored by pH and temperature stimuli. Release mechanisms are dominated by membrane composition, such as polyelectrolyte multilayer membrane for CP1, pure cationic membrane for CP2, and valve‐like functions for CP3. Thus, one can postulate the main locations of post‐loaded protein mimics in the different nanocapsules. Understanding the post‐loading and diffusion mechanism of nanoparticles through permeable membranes in cell mimics paves the way for the construction of new “smart” synthetic protocells with control over the exchange of bioactive nanoparticles between different compartments.
Hierarchical MoP Hollow Nanospheres Anchored on a N,P,S‐Doped Porous Carbon Matrix as Efficient Electrocatalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Yang Wang , Tian Jingbo , Hou Liqiang , Deng Bijian , Wang Shuo , Li Rui , Yang Fan , Li Yongfeng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDeveloping efficient, nonprecious, and durable electrocatalysts with favorable nanostructures is a persistent challenge yet is significant for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, for the first time, a rationally designed strategy is reported for the synthesis of hierarchical hollow MoP nanospheres anchored on N,P,S co‐doped porous carbon (hs‐MoP/NPSC). Importantly, the porous shell of the hollow nanosphere is constructed of a number of interwoven MoP subunits, which is beneficial for exposing surface active sites as much as possible and promoting the mass transport during the HER process. In addition, the heteroatom‐enriched porous carbon networks can further reduce the electron/ion transfer resistance. As expected, the hs‐MoP/NPSC electrocatalyst exhibits an encouraging HER activity with a low overpotential of only 70 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, a small Tafel slope, and long‐term durability in alkaline media, outperforming most of reported Pt‐free MoP‐based electrocatalysts to date. This present work not only develops a highly efficient electrocatalyst for HER but also opens up opportunities to engineer novel architectures for various applications.