bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D‐Printed Hierarchical Nanostructured N‐Co2NiO4 NF Electrode for Efficient Concurrent Electrocatalytic Production of Hydrogen and Formate
Authors: Han Zhaojing , Tao Hanwen , Wang Gang , Fan Chuanting , Zhang Jie , Tang Zhiyong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractReplacing the oxygen evolution reaction with the alternative glycerol electro‐oxidation reaction (GER) provides a promising strategy to enhance the efficiency of hydrogen production via water electrolysis while co‐generating high‐value chemicals. However, obtaining low‐cost and efficient GER electrocatalysts remains a big challenge. Herein, a self‐supported N‐doped Co2NiO4 nanoflakes (N‐Co2NiO4 NF) is proposed for efficient electrocatalytic oxidation of glycerol to formate. The synergistic effect induced by the interaction of the layered Co2NiO4 nanostructures on the 3D‐printed Nickel‐Yttria‐stabilized zirconia (Ni‐YSZ) substrate and the amorphous nitrogen‐doping promotes the anodic GER. The N‐Co2NiO4 NF exhibits low potentials of 1.07 and 1.18 V (vs. RHE) for GER to drive 10 and 50 mA cm−2, respectively. The constituted two‐electrode electrolyzer (N‐Co2NiO4 NF//NiS‐Co‐NiP) displays excellent activity that only requires ultralow cell voltages of 1.24 and 1.55 V to afford 10 and 200 mA cm−2, respectively, with a high FE (97%) for formate production and an excellent durability (120 h). This study provides a versatile approach for manufacturing high‐performance Ni‐based electrocatalyst for GER, paving the way for the energy‐saving and environmentally‐friendly co‐production of value‐added chemicals and hydrogen.
A General Sol‐Gel Route to Fabricate Large‐Area Highly‐Ordered Metal Oxide Arrays Toward High‐Performance Zinc‐Air Batteries
Authors: Li Aoshuang , Tan Yan , Wang Yijie , Shen Shuwen , Jia Runlong , Cheng Yiwen , Cong Chunxiao , Zhang Yuzhong , Guan Cao , Cheng Chuanwei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA universal method is demonstrated for the fabrication of large‐area highly ordered microporous arrayed metal oxides based on a high‐quality self‐assembly opal template combined with a sucrose‐assisted sol‐gel technique. Sucrose as a chelating agent optimizes precursor infiltration and regulates both oxide formation and the melting process of polystyrene templates, thus preventing crack formation during infiltration and calcination. As a result, over 20 metal element‐based 3DOM oxides with arbitrary compositions are successfully prepared. Therein, a champion electrocatalyst RuCoOx‐IO exhibits outstanding bifunctional oxygen activity with an ultra‐narrow oxygen potential gap of 0.598 V, and the Zn‐air batteries based on RuCoOx‐IO air cathode operates for 1380 h under fast‐charging cycling (50 mA cm−2), and reaches a high energy efficiency of 69.5% in discharge‐charge cycling. In situ spectroscopy characterizations and density functional theory reveal that the rational construction of Ru─O─Co heterointerface with decoupled multi‐active sites and mutual coupling of RuO2 and Co3O4 facilitate interfacial electron transfer, leading to an optimized d‐band centers of active Ru/Co and a weakened spin interaction between oxygen intermediates and Co sites, so as to enhance the adsorption ability of *OOH on interfacial Co sites for fast ORR kinetics while favoring the desorption of oxygen intermediates on interfacial Ru during OER.
Mitigating Zinc Dendrite Formation and Parasitic Side Reactions in Aqueous Zn‐Ion Batteries Via Laser‐Assisted Carbonization of Cu‐PANI Films on Zn Anodes
Authors: Asadi Haris Somayeh , Adhami Sadaf , Abouali Maryam , Coskun Sahin , Yuksel Recep 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) are gaining attraction for large‐scale energy storage systems due to their high safety, significant capacity, cost‐effectiveness, and environmental friendliness. On the other hand, the development of aqueous ZIBs is restricted by the limited practical application of zinc (Zn) because of the high reactivity of Zn in aqueous electrolytes, which results in the severe dendrite growth and parasitic side reactions such as hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In this study, heteroatom‐doped carbon porous surface modification by laser‐assisted carbonization of copper (Cu) doped polyaniline (PANI) is designed and fabricated on top of the Zn metal anode (c‐Cu‐PANI/Zn). The c‐Cu‐PANI surface‐modified Zn anodes exhibit high electrochemical stability and performance during the Zn plating‐stripping cycles and suppress the dendrite formation. The symmetrical cell and half‐cell with the c‐Cu‐PANI/Zn anodes exhibit stable cycles for 6000 h and 100% Coulombic efficiency for 2500 cycles, respectively. Moreover, the c‐Cu‐PANI/Zn║V2O5 cell delivers a high specific capacity of 319 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1, which is significantly higher than that of the bare Zn║V2O5 cell (240 mAh g−1). It is believed that applying c‐Cu‐PANI as a surface modification can enhance the stability and reversibility of the Zn anodes, therefore accelerating the commercialization of ZIBs.
Camelina circRNA landscape: Implications for gene regulation and fatty acid metabolism
Authors: Utley Delecia , Edwards Brianne , Budnick Asa , Grotewold Erich , Sederoff Heike 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are closed‐loop RNAs forming a covalent bond between their 3′ and 5′ ends, the back splice junction (BSJ), rendering them resistant to exonucleases and thus more stable compared to linear RNAs. Identification of circRNAs and distinction from their cognate linear RNA is only possible by sequencing the BSJ that is unique to the circRNA. CircRNAs are involved in the regulation of their cognate RNAs by increasing transcription rates, RNA stability, and alternative splicing. We have identified circRNAs from C. sativa that are associated with the regulation of germination, light response, and lipid metabolism. We sequenced light‐grown and etiolated seedlings after 5 or 7 days post‐germination and identified a total of 3447 circRNAs from 2763 genes. Most circRNAs originate from a single homeolog of the three subgenomes from allohexaploid camelina and correlate with higher ratios of alternative splicing of their cognate genes. A network analysis shows the interactions of select miRNA:circRNA:mRNAs for regulation of transcript stabilities where circRNA can act as a competing endogenous RNA. Several key lipid metabolism genes can generate circRNA, and we confirmed the presence of KASII circRNA as a true circRNA. CircRNA in camelina can be a novel target for breeding and engineering efforts.
Comparative Analysis of Runs of Homozygosity Islands in Indigenous and Commercial Chickens Revealed Candidate Loci for Disease Resistance and Production Traits
Authors: Rostamzadeh Mahdabi Elaheh , Esmailizadeh Ali , Han Jianlin , Wang Ming‐Shan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTRuns of homozygosity (ROH) are contiguous stretches of identical genomic regions inherited from both parents. Assessment of ROH in livestock species contributes significantly to our understanding of genetic health, population genetic structure, selective pressure and conservation efforts. In this study, whole genome re‐sequencing data from 140 birds of 10 Iranian indigenous chicken ecotypes, 3 commercial chicken breeds and 1 red junglefowl (RJF) population were used to investigate their population genetic structure, ROH characteristics (length and frequency) and genomic inbreeding coefficients (FROH). Additionally, we examined ROH islands for selection footprints in the indigenous chicken populations. Our results revealed distinct genetic backgrounds, among which the White Leghorn breed exhibited the greatest genetic distance from other populations, while the gamecock populations formed a separate cluster. We observed significant differences in ROH characteristics, in which the commercial breeds showed a higher number of ROH compared to indigenous chickens and red junglefowls. Short ROH ranging from 0.1 to 1 Mb were dominant among the populations. The Arian line had the highest mean length of ROH, while the White Leghorn breed showed the highest number of ROH. Among indigenous chickens, the Lari‐Afghani ecotype exhibited the highest FROH, but the Sari inherited the richest genetic diversity. Interestingly, GGA16 carried no ROH in the red junglefowls, whereas GGA22 had the highest FROH across all populations, except in the Isfahan ecotype. We also identified ROH islands associated with genetic adaptations in indigenous ecotypes. These islands harboured immune‐related genes contributing to disease resistance (TLR2, TICAM1, IL22RA1, NOS2, CCL20 and IFNLR1), heat tolerance and oxidative stress response (NFKB1, HSF4, OSGIN1 and BDNF), and muscle development, lipid metabolism and reproduction (MEOX2, CEBPB, CDS2 and GnRH‐I). Overall, this study highlights the genetic potential of indigenous chickens to survive and adapt to their respective environments.
A comparison of detection probabilities for the patch‐nosed salamander (Urspelerpes brucei) using six survey methods
Authors: Anderson Chelsea N. , Pierson Todd W. , Barrett Kyle , Bodinof Jachowski Catherine M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe patch‐nosed salamander (Urspelerpes brucei), discovered in 2007, is a small amphibian endemic to northeast Georgia (GA) and northwest South Carolina (SC), USA. Given its recent discovery, little is known about the species’ conservation status. This is especially true in SC where this species is known from 4 stream localities in total, making monitoring and inventory a current priority. We applied 6 survey methods in 3 streams known to harbor the species (1 in GA; 2 in SC) using a randomized complete block design and conducted replicate surveys using each method 5 to 6 times between August 2021 and June 2022. We used occupancy models to estimate the probability of patch‐nosed salamanders using a randomly selected 5‐m stream segment while simultaneously investigating the effects of method and conditions on detectability. We recorded a total of 90 patch‐nosed salamander detections (60 from GA; 32 from SC) across 22 of the 39 stream segments in our study. Occupancy was similar in 2 streams (SCSouth: 0.94 [0.22 to −1.00 95% CI]; GARef: 0.70 [0.41–0.89 95% CI]) where it was also 3 to 4 times higher than in a third (SCNorth: 0.16 [0.04–0.47 95% CI]), though mechanisms driving the differences remain unclear. While we detected patch‐nosed salamanders with all 6 survey methods, aquatic and terrestrial versions of both leaf‐litter bags and area‐unconstrained surveys were more effective than randomized area‐constrained searches. Terrestrial applications of each method were biased toward adult detections while aquatic applications were biased toward larvae. Patch‐nosed salamander detectability was maximized during conditions (cloudless skies, >5 cm rainfall in the prior week, soil temperatures ≥20°C) that align with spring (March–June) in the species' range. A power analysis based on detectability estimates suggests that, under ideal sampling conditions, either 5 temporally replicated area‐unconstrained searches or a survey of 5 spatially replicated leaf‐litter bags (per 5‐m segment) are necessary to confirm presence‐absence of patch‐nosed salamanders with 90% confidence. Given that the 2 SC streams included in our study represent nearly half of the species’ range in that state, but collectively yielded only about one‐third of total detections and exhibited considerable disparity in occupancy, we recommend more work to clarify resource selection patterns, subpopulation stability, and potential threats to patch‐nosed salamanders in SC specifically.
Introduction
Authors: Yimer Gebreyesus 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This book attempts to explain the nexus between inclusive finance and legal pluralism. We use the informal credit markets in Ethiopia and South Africa to explore how legal pluralism enhances inclusive finance. How we understand and apply law determines the nature and manner of relations and transactions in society. The scope and scale of the informal economy are affected in many ways by law. This book argues that legal pluralism allows local actors to use their creativity and innovation to solve financial exclusion. The more inclusive the legal system is, the more inclusive the economic system will be. This introductory chapter briefly explains the book and the perspective chapters.
Informal Credit Market: A General Overview
Authors: Yimer Gebreyesus 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Informal credit markets are prevalent in many developing countries. Moneylenders, traders, unincorporated associations, families, and relatives provide credit and other financial services. In most cases, informal credit markets operate openly as they are not legally banned. However, they are also not subject to government regulation and control. So, they operate according to the local customs and norms. Informal credit markets play a critical role in the social and economic life of people with limited access to financial services from formal financial institutions. In this chapter, we provide an extensive review of informal credit markets. What social and economic functions do they provide to society, why do informal credit markets prevail even when formal financial institutions are geographically accessible to people, and how do governments and international development agents respond to informal credit markets? The theoretical discussion in this part provides insights into why the policy options to squeeze informal credit markets practically moneylenders have failed so far and what lesson can be taken from the nature and function of informal credit markets.
Informal Credit Markets in Ethiopia
Authors: Yimer Gebreyesus 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Ethiopia is a country of diversity in its true sense—home to different cultures, traditions, religions, and languages. As a result, we find different indigenous institutions, some of which focus on financial services. The frequent natural and manmade calamities that affect the country have made interdependency essential for the survival of the communities. So, providing credit and other support is considered a moral obligation. Ethiopia has a significant number of people who have no access to formal financial institutions, so the informal credit market plays a critical role in the people’s economy. This chapter provides rare primary data from Ethiopia. The chapter explains how informal credit actors interact, how they prudently adapt to some of the substantive and formal requirements of the official laws, and how they use the laws to enhance and protect the transactions in the informal credit markets. On the other hand, when the laws appear less rational and inappropriate, they design effective strategies to avoid the official rules and replace them with laws that they consider more proper for their purpose. This part of the book is based on the author’s field research.
Conclusion
Authors: Yimer Gebreyesus 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
One size fits all is a thing of the past. Law is meant to serve the people. Legal pluralism enables regulators and courts to maintain the balance between people reminiscing and the interests of the present and future aspirations. Financial laws that depend only on formalities and hard information exclude people with different norms and cultures. The experiences of the informal credit markets in Ethiopia and South Africa indicate that different approaches work very well to provide accessible, affordable and sustainable financial services to the people. Therefore, policymakers and regulators should consider pluralism rather than unilateralism in their approach to financial regulation. International development organisations, financial institutions, international financial rule makers and standard setters should be aware that universalism and unilateralism have limitations. Pluralism is not a magic bluet that solves all problems. However, pluralism is a virtue that enhances financial stability and helps fight international financial-related crimes. Pluralism recognises and rewards local innovation and creativity, which is vital for an inclusive financial system to flourish.
Dimensionen von Personenzentrierung in der Versorgung bei Schwangerschaftsabbruch – ausgewählte Ergebnisse der CarePreg Studie
Authors: Zill Jördis , Lindig Anja 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung
Personenzentrierung ist ein Grundprinzip der Gesundheitsversorgung in Deutschland. Das Konzept stellt die Präferenzen, Bedarfe und Werte von Versorgten in den Mittelpunkt. Studien zeigen, dass unbeabsichtigt Schwangere, die den Wunsch haben, die Schwangerschaft abzubrechen, in der Versorgung mit gesetzlichen Regelungen, Stigmatisierungen sowie ethischen und moralischen Bedenken von Behandelnden konfrontiert sein können. In Deutschland ist die Umsetzung von Personenzentrierung in der Versorgung von unbeabsichtigt Schwangeren kaum erforscht. Ziele der CarePreg-Studie (Laufzeit 11/2020 bis 07/2024) waren es, die Personenzentrierung in der psychosozialen und medizinischen Versorgung (1) aus Perspektive von Expert:innen aus der Versorgung als auch (2) von Personen mit einer unbeabsichtigten Schwangerschaft und einem Schwangerschaftsabbruch zu evaluieren und (3) Handlungsempfehlungen abzuleiten. Zur Durchführung der Studie wurde ein Ansatz aus qualitativen und quantitativen Forschungsmethoden gewählt.
In diesem Beitrag wird die Methodik der CarePreg-Studie vorgestellt und über die Ergebnisse von 2 Workshops mit 18 Expert:innen aus der 1. Phase der Studie berichtet. Die Workshopteilnehmenden stammten aus der psychosozialen und medizinischen Versorgung von unbeabsichtigt Schwangeren. Personenzentrierung wurde von ihnen als höchst relevant für die Versorgung betrachtet. Hervorgehoben wurden folgende Dimensionen von Personenzentrierung: „Zugang zur Versorgung“, „persönlich angepasste Informationen“ und „gleichberechtigte Zusammenarbeit und Beteiligung an Entscheidungen“. Barrieren durch die Stigmatisierung von Schwangerschaftsabbrüchen und von Versorgenden in diesem Bereich sowie durch die aktuellen rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen wurden diskutiert.
Impact of administration routes and dose frequency on the toxicology of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in mice model
Authors: Ahn Jae-Hun , Lee Jisun , Roh Gahyun , Lee Na-Young , Bae Hee-Jin , Kwon Euna , Han Kang-Min , Kim Ji-Eun , Park Hyo-Jung , Yoo Soyeon , Kwon Sung Pil , Bang Eun-Kyoung , Keum Gyochang , Nam Jae-Hwan , Kang Byeong-Cheol 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The increasing use of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines has raised concerns about their potential toxicological effects, necessitating further investigation to ensure their safety. To address this issue, we aimed to evaluate the toxicological effects of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine candidates formulated with four different types of lipid nanoparticles in ICR mice, focusing on repeated doses and administration routes. We conducted an extensive analysis in which mice received the mRNA vaccine candidates intramuscularly (50 μg/head) twice at 2-week intervals, followed by necropsy at 2 and 14 dpsi (days post-secondary injection). In addition, we performed a repeated dose toxicity test involving three, four, or five doses and compared the toxicological outcomes between intravenous and intramuscular routes. Our findings revealed that all vaccine candidates significantly induced SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-specific IgG and T cell responses. However, at 2 dpsi, there was a notable temporary decrease in lymphocyte and reticulocyte counts, anemia-related parameters, and significant increases in cardiac damage markers, troponin-I and NT-proBNP. Histopathological analysis revealed severe inflammation and necrosis at the injection site, decreased erythroid cells in bone marrow, cortical atrophy of the thymus, and increased spleen cellularity. While most toxicological changes observed at 2 dpsi had resolved by 14 dpsi, spleen enlargement and injection site damage persisted. Furthermore, repeated doses led to the accumulation of toxicity, and different administration routes resulted in distinct toxicological phenotypes. These findings highlight the potential toxicological risks associated with mRNA vaccines, emphasizing the necessity to carefully consider administration routes and dosage regimens in vaccine safety evaluations, particularly given the presence of bone marrow and immune organ toxicity, which, though eventually reversible, remains a serious concern.
Killing tensors on reducible spaces
Authors: Matveev Vladimir S. , Nikolayevsky Yuri 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We prove that on the product of two Riemannian manifolds one of which is compact, any Killing tensor is reducible, that is, is the sum of products of Killing tensors on the factors. The same is true for the lifts to the universal cover of Killing tensors on a compact manifold with reducible holonomy. We give a local description of Killing tensors on product manifolds and present an example of a complete product manifold whose factors are locally irreducible which admits an irreducible Killing tensor field.
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma: meta-analysis & systematic review
Authors: Birrer Mathias , Saad Baraa , Drews Susanne , Pradella Charlotte , Flaifel Mariana , Charitakis Emmanouil , Ortlieb Niklas , Haberstroh Amanda , Ochs Vincent , Taha-Mehlitz Stephanie , Burri Emanuel , Heigl Andres , Frey Daniel M. , Cattin Philippe C. , Honaker Michael D. , Taha Anas , Rosenberg Robert 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma remains a challenging malignancy with a poor prognosis. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has emerged as a potential treatment for unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma (UPAC) aimed at improving survival and quality of life. This meta-analysis and systematic review evaluates the outcomes of RFA in UPAC.

Methods
A comprehensive search was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Central databases from inception to October 2023. Studies included patients over 18 years with UAPC undergoing RFA. Survival rates and complication rates were assessed as primary outcomes. Data were pooled using random-effects models, and heterogeneity was assessed with I2 statistics. ROBINS-I tool was used for quality assessment.

Results
Nine studies encompassing 265 patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 64.5 years, with 42.5% female participants. Survival analysis showed that at 30 days post-RFA, the mortality rate was 3.3%. At 6 months, the mortality rate was 20.9%, increasing to 50.4% at 12 months. At 24 months, the mortality rate was 61.9%. The pooled mean survival period at 12 and 24 months was 9.18 months and 14.26 months, respectively. Overall, 78.4% of patients died during the follow-up period, with an overall mean survival period of 12.27 months. The most common were intra-abdominal (10.1%), pancreatic (9.8%), and hepatobiliary (6.7%) complications.

Conclusions
RFA shows potential in the management of unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma, with a manageable safety profile. However, the high heterogeneity and risk of bias in available studies highlight the need for well-designed randomized controlled trials to confirm these findings and establish standardized protocols.