bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Sugarcane Yield by Soil Attributes under Straw Removal Management
Authors: Satiro Lucas Santos , Cherubin Maurício Roberto , Lisboa Izaias Pinheiro , de Souza Noia Rogério , Cerri Carlos Clemente , Pellegrino Cerri Carlos Eduardo 
Published: September 2018

Core Ideas
Soil changes induced by short‐term sugarcane straw removal did not influence the crop yield.
The yield of sugarcane straw and stalk can be predicted using soil attributes under fields managed with straw removal.
Meteorological conditions may alter the straw/stalk ratio and thus influence the sugarcane straw yield.
Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) straw removal from the field has the potential to produce short‐term gains at the cost of long‐term sustainability. The objective of this study was (i) to develop a model capable to predict sugarcane yield (straw and stalk) by soil attributes and (ii) to discover why yields are minimally impacted following straw removal. In this 2‐yr experiment, the sugarcane straw removal effects on crop yields and soil attributes were investigated at two sites, Valparaíso and Capivari, in southeastern Brazil. Soil samples from the 0–5, 0–10, 0–20, and 0–30 cm were analyzed for C, N, Ca, Mg, P, K, pH, bulk density (BD), and soil penetration resistance (PR). The data were subjected to descriptive statistical, geostatistical, correlation and regression analyses. The findings showed that the straw and stalk yield can be predicted using soil attributes data at sites where the straw is removed. The best modeling coefficients for stalk yield were obtained using soil data from the 0–20 cm layer. The straw removal induced reduction in soil C, chemical and physical quality (0–5 cm) depending on site, but did not result in lower yields. The research findings provide important information that will lead to sustainable bioenergy production in Brazil.
Conservation Tillage Impacts and Adaptations in Irrigated Corn Production in a Humid Climate
Authors: Anapalli Saseendran S. , Reddy Krishna N. , Jagadamma Sindhu 
Published: September 2018

Core Ideas
No‐till land management (NT) decreases corn production in a humid climate.
The reasons for reduced yield were investigated by integrating system models with experiments.
Soil N deficiencies under NT possibly contributed to the yield decrease.
Split application or enhancing N rate can compensate for the yield decrease under NT.
We initiated a long‐term experiment in 2008 on 1.25‐ha farm‐scale plots to assess the production impacts of no‐till with full residue retention (NT) system over a conventional tillage (CT) system under irrigated corn (Zea mays L.) production on a Dundee silt loam soil in a humid climate. Data collected in the experiment from 2009 to 2015 were mainly confined to grain yield at harvest. In 2016 and 2017, additional data were collected including soil surface crop residue mass and soil surface residue cover; corn leaf area index (LAI) and biomass; soil water, temperature, N, C, and bulk density (Db); and the corn phenology. In 7 out of 9 yr (2009–17), harvested grain yields under NT were significantly lower than those harvested under CT. To investigate the possible reasons for the yield decreases under NT, we integrated the experiment with the Root Zone Water Quality Model to synthesize information on the various components in the system. The N loss to runoff and deep percolation, denitrification caused by higher soil water content, and a low N mineralization rate caused by lower soil temperatures under NT potentially contributed to the observed grain yield decrease under this treatment. Simulations showed that an additional N application at 40 kg ha−1 at planting or a split application of 50 kg ha−1 at planting and the remaining 174 kg ha−1 in the second week of May could make the yield return under NT comparable to that under CT.
Effectiveness of Vegetated Buffer Strips in Controlling Legacy Phosphorus Exports from Agricultural Land
Authors: Habibiandehkordi Reza , Lobb David A. , Owens Philip N. , Flaten Don N. 
Published: September 2018

The continued phosphorus (P) impairment of freshwaters and the associated risk of eutrophication raise questions regarding the efficiency of current beneficial management practices (BMPs) for improving water quality. Vegetated buffer strips (VBSs) are widely encouraged BMPs for reducing P export from agricultural land. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding the long‐term efficiency of VBSs for reducing legacy P losses. This research used soil analyses to investigate the P removal efficiency of an unmanaged VBS for controlling P loss from agricultural land in Manitoba, Canada, between 1954 and 2011. The results showed statistically significant retention of total P, Olsen extractable P, and 0.01 M CaCl2 extractable P by a 5‐m wide VBS compared with field soils. We found that surface soils at 5‐m into the VBS had a significantly greater P sorption capacity and a smaller degree of P saturation (DPS) than adjacent field soils. The elevated DPS in field soils is likely associated with gradual P enrichment as a result of manure or fertilizer application over time and the strong affinity of P compounds for soil. Although P stratification in the VBS over 57 yr resulted in a significant increase (∼11%) in DPS of VBS topsoil compared with VBS subsoil, our findings do not support the saturation of VBS soils with P. However, cutting and removal of vegetation from VBS could be a useful strategy to remove P from VBS and minimize possible P remobilization associated with vegetation senescence, especially where the climate is cold and runoff is dominated by snowmelt.Core Ideas
Vegetated buffer strips (VBSs) reduced legacy P losses from adjacent land.
VBS soils had a significantly greater P sorption capacity than field soils.
VBS soils had a significantly smaller degree of P saturation than field soils.
VBS soils did not get saturated with P exports from adjacent land even after 57 yr.
Using the X‐ray computed tomography method to predict the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the upper root zone in the Loess Plateau in China
Authors: Li Tongchuan , Shao Ming'an , Jia Yuhua , Jia Xiaoxu , Huang Laiming 
Published: September 2018

Core Ideas
Computed tomography (CT)‐measured properties were in the order: soil under Q. liaotungensis > P. tabuliformis > C. korshinskii > M. sativa.
The parameters measured by CT could help estimate saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) in the Loess Plateau.
Macropore quantity has a higher R2 for predicting Ksat than the morphology of macropores.
The recovery of natural vegetation significantly improves soil macroporosity through root decay and biological activity. Macropores are preferential pathways for the movement of water to deep soil. However, the quantification of soil macropore structure and its relationship with soil hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) are not well understood. We characterized the macropores under different vegetation types to evaluate the effects of macropores on Ksat. Undisturbed soil cores were collected from four treatments: areas dominated by Quercus liaotungensis Koidz.(QLI), Pinus tabuliformis Carrière (PTA), Caragana korshinskii Kom. (CKO), and Medicago sativa L.(MSA). A medical computed tomography (CT) scanner was used to acquire images with a voxel size of 0.977 by 0.977 by 1.000 mm for depths of 0 to 360 mm. We used ImageJ software to quantify the macropore properties. Soil structure and Ksat improved with the succession of vegetation. The mean macropore volume fraction across the soil cores for the QLI, PTA, CKO, and MSA treatments were 6.6, 3.5, 1.3, and 0.6% within a 4900‐mm2 area, respectively. Macropore quantity (volume fraction and number) had a higher R2 for predicting Ksat than macropore morphology (branch density, connectivity density, and junction density). Moreover, the grayscale values were negatively correlated with Ksat and accounted for 78.8% of the variation in Ksat. Grayscale values, volume fraction, and the number of macropores were the best combination of CT‐measured parameters for predicting Ksat, accounting for 81.9% of the variation in Ksat. The CT‐measured parameters could be used to estimate Ksat in the upper root zone in the Loess Plateau.
Strategically Placed Trifluoromethyl Substituent in the Realm of Antitubercular Drug Design
Authors: Kar Sidhartha S. , Thomas Cinu A. 
Published: September 2018

Background:Fluorinated substituents have played, and continue to play an important role in antitubercular drug design. Nonetheless, previous works have indicated that organofluorines like –F, CF3, -OCF3, and CHF2 etc have been used to modulate the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic behaviour of antitubercular agents. Among the fluorinated groups, trifluoromethyl (-CF3) substituent is a very familiar pharmacophore used widely in antitubercular research.Objective:This review assesses the development of selected trifluoromethyl group bearing antitubercular agents that are either in treatment or considered to be potential. The prime objective of the present investigation was to provide initial evidences for the hypothesis that addition of trifluoromethyl group to antiTB agents could improve their potency. We also aimed to contribute to a better understanding of the role of trifluoromethyl group on drug-likeness antitubercular activity.Methods:In this review, we first brief out the possible effect of –CF3 substituent on pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of drugs. Next, we turn to emphasize on the effect of trifluoromethyl substituent on different antitubercular scaffolds. Finally, we open the topic for the researchers to design potential antitubercular agents suitably substituted with fluorinated groups.Results:This review suggests that the replacement of –CF3 group in heterocyclic as well as phenyl ring led to the improvement in pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of the compounds. Hence it's not surprising to see –CF3 group emerging as an alternative electron withdrawing group instead of halogens in many promising antitubercular agents.Conclusion:This unusual spectrum of advantage allied with its lipophilicity enhancing effect, made –CF3 group distinct from other substituents in modern antitubercular drug design. The present study provides conceptual advances to the understanding of the physicochemical properties of –CF3 group and its effect on antitubercular activity.
Power Experimental Optimization of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine
Authors: Ameziane Sadek , Chikhi Abdesselem , Aggouner Mohammed Salah 
Published: September 2018

Background:
The presented article is a contribution to the realization of a wind emulator
based on a continuous-current machine. The development of this topic focuses on the modeling of a
vertical axis wind turbine, a DC motor with independent excitation and its control via a chopper.

Methods:
To carry out this work, we have studied and designed the electronic and mechanical sensors
as well as a command implemented on the dSPACE DS1103 system.

Results:
The main purpose of this work is related, on one hand, to the control of the motor turbine
by imposing the wind profile and on the other hand generate the command of the implanted MPPT.
The experimental results obtained showed the great performances which characterize this improved
wind energy system.

Conclusion:
Finally, a wind turbine with variable speed is a system having a complex model; however,
a detailed model of the interaction between the wind and the aero-turbine is useful to understand
certain phenomena such as rotational sampling or the spatial filter.
Assessment of Selective Withdrawal and Inflow Control on the Hydrodynamics and Water Quality of Ilam Reservoir
Authors: Dehbalaei Fereshteh Nourmohammadi , Javan Mitra 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT: The hydrodynamics and water quality of Ilam reservoir, consisting of three main inlet branches and two outlets, was simulated with the CE‐QUAL‐W2 model. After calibrating and verifying the numerical model, effects of various management scenarios (selective withdrawal, controlling water inflow, and their combinations) were investigated on thermal stratification and water quality. The total reduction of nutrient loads derived from the Chaviz and Ema rivers decreased the total phosphorus concentration. The chlorophyll a concentration of this scenario increased less than in other scenarios. Variation of the withdrawal elevation from the surface to the bottom significantly facilitated the heat conduction of the water column, therefore, the thermal and dissolved oxygen stratification was weakened. The best management scenario was a combination of water withdrawal from the bottom and surface and total reduction of nutrient loads derived from Chaviz and Ema rivers because of improving eutrophication, thermal, and dissolved oxygen stratification in Ilam reservoir.
CCl4‐Enhanced Ultrasonic Irradiation for Ciprofloxacin Degradation and Antibiotic Activity
Authors: Wei Hong , Shi Jingzhuan , Yang Xiaoyu , Wang Jiawei , Li Kebin , He Qiang 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT: In this study, an ultrasound/CCl4 system was used to degrade the fluoroquinolone antibiotic, ciprofloxacin, in aqueous solution. The effect of CCl4 concentration and initial solution pH on ciprofloxacin degradation were investigated. The results showed that ciprofloxacin degraded effectively under an ultrasound/CCl4 system, with degradation efficiency increasing from 0.51% to 50.92%, when the CCl4 concentration ranged from 0.0 to 41.4 mmol/L in 40 min. Radical scavenging experiments certified that both •OH and chlorine‐containing radicals contributed to ciprofloxacin degradation. Eight intermediates were detected using ultra high‐performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐MS) method, including three chloro‐intermediates. Based on these results, the possible degradation pathways of ciprofloxacin are proposed. Agar diffusion tests with E. coli and S. aureus showed that ciprofloxacin's antibacterial activity was completely removed in 40 min. This study indicates that an ultrasound/CCl4 system can degrade ciprofloxacin and remove its antibacterial activity, and thus is a promising process for treating fluoroquinolone antibiotics in wastewater.
Acute Impact of Chlortetracycline on Nitrifying and Denitrifying Processes
Authors: Pulicharla Rama , Zolfaghari Mehdi , Brar Satinder Kaur , Drogui Patrick , Auger Serge , Verma Mausam , Surampalli Rao Y. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT: In the current study, sequential nitrification and anoxic experiments in synthetic municipal wastewater were exposed to 0.5 to 100 mg/L of chlortetracycline for 24 h to evaluate acute impact on the nitrification, and denitrification processes of biological treatment. Both processes were significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited at >50 mg/L of chlortetracycline, and the results revealed that nitrification was adversely affected by chlortetracycline compared with the anoxic process. In nitrification, chemical oxygen removal (COD) and ammonia oxidation kinetics were 50% inhibited at 10 mg chlortetracycline/L, and nitrite oxidation kinetics at 0.5 mg chlortetracycline/L. Likewise, in the anoxic process, 14 and 10 mg/L of chlortetracycline inhibited 50% of COD removal and nitrate reduction kinetics, respectively. In nitrification and denitrification, 90% of chlortetracycline was removed by adsorbing onto sludge suspended solids. In addition, a higher chlortetracycline concentration in anoxic effluent, compared with aerobic effluents, indicated a dissimilarity in the composition of sludge solids, pH, and biomass production for both processes.
Free Chlorine Disinfection of Full‐Scale MBR Effluent to Achieve 5‐Log Virus Inactivation
Authors: Ikehata Keisuke , Li Yuan , Komor Andrew T. , Gibson Gregory W. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT: A series of full‐scale testing was performed at the City of Lathrop Consolidated Treatment Facility to determine the “concentration times time” (Ct) value for free chlorine disinfection of nitrified membrane bioreactor (MBR) effluent to achieve more than 5‐log virus inactivation. The full‐scale testing consisted of tracer study, chlorine decay study, and virus seeding study. The virus seeding study was performed at a flow rate of 1 million gal/d (3800 m3/min), which corresponded to a theoretical contact time of 117 minutes in the chlorine contact basin. It was found that Ct values as small as 3 mg·min/L were sufficient to achieve 5‐log inactivation of MS2 bacteriophage in this study, which is comparable to the results of previous bench‐ and pilot‐scale free chlorine disinfection studies on nitrified MBR effluent (3 to 40 mg·min/L), as well as those of pilot‐ and full‐scale studies on granular media‐filtered nitrified effluent (2 to 22 mg·min/L).
Penggunaan Aplikasi Corel Draw dan Adobe Photoshop untuk Digital Watermarking Arsip Citra Digital
Authors: Setyawan Herman 
Published: September 2018

Arsip merupakan aset yang tak ternilai harganya. Sewaktu berfungsi sebagai arsip dinamis, arsip cenderung tertutup untuk diakses secara umum. Ketika arsip dinyatakan sebagai arsip statis, arsip tersebut cenderung bersifat terbuka. Keterbukaan secara luas bagi masyarakat untuk mengakses arsip mengakibatkan maraknya akses arsip di lembaga-lembaga kearsipan. Hal ini menyebabkan khasanah arsip statis menjadi rentan terhadap kerusakan. Dalam rangka melindungi arsip dari kerusakan akibat banyaknya tangan yang menyentuh fisik arsip, lembaga kearsipan dapat menyajikan khasanah arsipnya berupa arsip digital. Arsip digital rentan terhadap penyalahgunaan, sebab sangat mudah disalin dan dimanipulasi. Oleh karena itu, untuk menjaga keutuhan dan keaslian informasinya, dapat diterapkan digital watermark pada arsip digital. Pemberian digital watermark dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai aplikasi. Adobe Photoshop dan Corel Draw adalah contoh aplikasi yang mudah digunakan untuk memberikan digital watermark pada arsip.
SURGICALLY INDUCED ASTIGMATISM IN PHACOEMULSIFICATION IN PATIENTS WITH PSEUDOEXFOLIATIVE SYNDROME
Authors: Potemkin V. V. , Varganova T. S. , Ageeva E. V. 
Published: September 2018

Introduction. Surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) is one of the reasons of the patient’s dissatisfaction with the refractive result after phacoemulsification (PHACO). The degree of SIA depends mainly on the type, length, shape and location of the tunnel, the distance to the optical center of the cornea, as well as the biomechanical properties of the cornea. Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) is associated with a change of the biomechanical properties of the cornea. The issue of the effect of these changes on the degree of SIA remains unexplored.The objectiveis to assess the influence of PEX on the degree of SIA after PHACO.Material and methods. The study included 42 patients (42 eyes) admitted for surgical treatment of cataracts to the V micro-surgical Department of the HMB № 2. The main group consisted of 20 patients (20 eyes) with PEX, the control group consisted of 22 patients (22 eyes) without PEX.The groups were of equal sex and age. The main selection criterion for the main group was the detection of pseudoexfoliative material on the anterior lens capsule, along the pupillary edge edge or in the corner of the anterior chamber. The exclusion criteria were the traumatic and uveal cataracts, glaucoma and laser vision correction in the anamnesis. All patients underwent keratotopography (TMS-3, Tomey, Japan) preoperatively and in 4 to 6 weeks after surgery.Results. There was no significant difference in the degree of SIA (limbal incision, 2.4 mm) among the groups provided the formation of a 2.4 mm limbal tunnel. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the degree of SIA between the nasal and temporal limbal tunnels within the groups.
EXPERIENCE OF THE SUCCESSFUL USING OF VACUUM THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF GASTRIC LEAK AFTER LAPAROSCOPIC SLEEVE GASTRECTOMY: CASE REPORT
Authors: Anisimova K. A. , Vasilevskii D. I. , Korolkov A. Ju. , Balandov S. G. , Lapshin A. S. , Kiseleva E. V. , Davletbaeva L. I. 
Published: September 2018

Gastric leak is the most dangerous postoperative complication of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Traditional surgical treatment options and endoscopic stent placement are not always successful. Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT) has shown itself like a new successful and feasible treatment option for leaks of different etiology after gastro-esophageal surgery.The initial body mass index (BMI) of the patient was 46 and co-morbidity was represented: arterial hypertension, type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia. NPWT was initiated in 14 days after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. The abdominal part of the system were changed 3 times for14 days. The patient was discharged from the hospital in 14 days after the secondary sutures to the wound. No relevant complications related to the procedure were observed during the course of the vacuum therapy. It combines defect closure, effective drainage and allows doing a periodic inspection of the wound cavity. NPWT is a successful, safety and effective treatment option for the leaks after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy
OBEDIÊNCIA INCIVIL (UNCIVIL OBEDIENCE)
Authors: Pozen Jessica Bulman , Pozen David E. 
Published: September 2018

[1] Tradução do inglês por Bruno Meneses Lorenzetto e Jorge Rafael Matos.Resumo:Acadêmicos e ativistas há muito estão interessados na prática consciente da transgressão da lei como meio de dissenso. O desobediente civil viola a lei em um apelo para realçar sua ilegitimidade e motivar sua reforma. Uma forma menos proclamada de ação social, contudo, envolve aproximadamente a aproximação oposta. Como uma ampla gama de exemplos atesta, dissidentes podem também buscar a perturbação de regimes legais pela aderência hiperbólica, literal, ou imprevista de suas regras formais.Este artigo questiona como fazer sentido destes protestos paradoxais, envolvendo não a transgressão explícita da lei mas, ao invés, formas extremadas de cumprimento da lei. Nós buscamos identificar, elucidar e chamar atenção para o fenômeno da obediência incivil. Depois de definir a obediência incivil e descrever suas variedades e mecanismos básicos, nós exploramos instrumentos que emergiram para limitar o seu uso. Nós explicamos que o direito privado desenvolveu defesas mais robustas contra a obediência incivil do que o direito público, especialmente nas jurisdições de civil law. Nós argumentamos que os desafios que a obediência incivil estabeleceu para os valores do direito público são tão substantivos quanto os estabelecidos pela desobediência civil. E nós sugerimos que a obediência incivil pode ser uma tática particularmente atrativa para indivíduos ideologicamente conservadores no Partido Republicano. Por estas razões e outras, o artigo busca mostrar que a obediência incivil merece muito mais do tipo de atenção crítica do que a que foi dirigida para a desobediência civil.