bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De zevenkoppige draak van ongelijkheid
Authors: van den Brink Marieke 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Diversity in the workforce – in terms of social identity categories such as gender, race, ethnicity, age, and class – has become a prime concern for organisations in both the public and private sectors. Despite decades of equal-opportunities legislation and numerous initiatives, progress towards equality, diversity, and inclusion in organisations remains – at best – slow. Inequality in organisations seems to be an unbeatable seven-headed dragon that has a multitude of faces in different economic, social, and cultural contexts. In this essay, Marieke van den Brink questions whether we have the right swords or bravest heroines to beat this tenacious dragon of inequality. She proposes to unravel the complexity and polyvocality of change by distinguishing between inequality practices – the routinised organisational practices that produce inequality regimes – and equality practices – the planned change interventions aiming for gender equality. Greater insight into the ways that gender equality practices and gender practices interact with, conflict with, and anticipate each other can further our knowledge and understanding of the slow rate of change that gender equality policies have managed to achieve.
Climatology of mesopause region nocturnal temperature, zonal wind and sodium density observed by sodium lidar over Hefei, China (32° N, 117° E)
Authors: Li Tao , Ban Chao , Fang Xin , Li Jing , Wu Zhaopeng , Feng Wuhu , Plane John M. C. , Xiong Jiangang , Marsh Daniel R. , Mills Michael J. , Dou Xiankang 
Published: August 2018

Abstract. The University of Science and Technology of China narrowband sodium
temperature and wind lidar, located in Hefei, China (32∘ N,
117∘ E), has made routine nighttime measurements since January 2012.
A total of 154 nights (∼ 1400 h) of vertical profiles of temperature,
sodium density, and zonal wind and 83 nights (∼ 800 h) of vertical
flux of gravity wave (GW) zonal momentum in the mesopause region
(80–105 km) were obtained during the period from 2012 to 2016. For
temperature, it is most likely that the diurnal tide dominates below 100 km
in spring, while the semidiurnal tide dominates above 100 km throughout the
year. A clear semiannual variation in temperature is revealed near 90 km, in
phase with the tropical mesospheric semiannual oscillation (MSAO). The
variability in sodium density is positively correlated with temperature below
95 km, suggesting that in addition to dynamics, the chemistry also plays an
important role in the formation of sodium atoms. The seasonal variability in
sodium density observed by both lidar and satellite generally agrees well
with a whole atmosphere model simulation using an updated meteoric input
function which includes different cosmic dust sources. For zonal wind, the
diurnal tide dominates in both spring and fall, while semidiurnal tide
dominates in winter. The observed semiannual variation in zonal wind near
90 km is out of phase with that in temperature, consistent with the tropical
MSAO. The lidar observations generally agree with satellite and meteor radar
observations as well as model simulations at similar latitude. The
50–70 % of zonal momentum flux is induced by short-period
(10 min–2 h) GWs. The large zonal momentum flux in summer and winter due
to short-period GWs is clearly anticorrelated with eastward zonal wind maxima
below 90 km, suggesting the filtering of short-period GWs by the SAO wind.
Diagnosing ice sheet grounding line stability from landform morphology
Authors: Simkins Lauren M. , Greenwood Sarah L. , Anderson John B. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract. The resilience of a marine-based ice sheet is strongly governed by the stability of its grounding lines, which are in turn sensitive to ocean-induced melting, calving, and flotation of the ice margin. Since the grounding line is also a sedimentary environment, the constructional landforms that are built here may reflect elements of the processes governing this dynamic and potentially vulnerable environment. Here we analyse a large dataset (n =  6275) of grounding line landforms mapped on the western Ross Sea continental shelf from high-resolution geophysical data. The population is divided into two distinct morphotypes by their morphological properties: recessional moraines (consistently narrow, closely spaced, low amplitude, symmetric, and straight) and grounding zone wedges (broad, widely spaced, higher amplitude, asymmetric, sinuous, and highly variable). Landform morphotypes cluster with alike forms that transition abruptly between morphotypes both spatially and within a retreat sequence. Their form and distribution are largely independent of water depth, bed slope, and position relative to glacial troughs. Similarly, we find no conclusive evidence for morphology being determined by the presence or absence of an ice shelf. Instead, grounding zone wedge construction is favoured by a higher sediment flux and a longer-held grounding position. We propose two endmember modes of grounding line retreat: (1) an irregular mode, characterised by grounding zone wedges with longer standstills and accompanied by larger-magnitude retreat events, and (2) a steady mode, characterised by moraine sequences that instead represent more frequent but smaller-magnitude retreat events. We suggest that while sediment accumulation and progradation may prolong the stability of a grounding line position, progressive development of sinuosity in the grounding line due to spatially variable sediment delivery likely destabilises the grounding position by enhanced ablation, triggering large-magnitude retreat events. Here, the concept of stability is multifaceted and paradoxical, and neither mode can be characterised as marking fast or slow retreat. Diagnosing grounding line stability based on landform products should be considered for a wider geographic range, yet this large dataset of landforms prompts the need to better understand the sensitivity of marine-based grounding lines to processes and feedbacks governing retreat and what stability means in the context of future grounding line behaviour.
Motieven en overwegingen achter publiek-private samenwerking
Authors: Eversdijk Arno , Korsten Arno F.A. 
Published: August 2018

Motieven en overwegingen achter publiek-private samenwerking
Achterliggende motieven en overwegingen van Nederlandse overheidsbesturen om dan wel en dan weer niet te kiezen voor publiek-private samenwerking (PPS) bij infrastructurele projecten bleven tot voor kort onduidelijk. Diverse kabinetten predikten sinds het midden van de jaren tachtig uit de vorige eeuw weliswaar publiek-private samenwerking, maar daarmee was PPS nog geen feit. Wisselende (macro-)motieven werden in nota’s opgevoerd om PPS onvermijdelijk te maken, waarbij financiële meerwaarde een constante was, maar dat bleek niet genoeg. Per project wisselende (micro-)motieven moesten de gewenste PPS-keuze rechtvaardigen, waaronder ook niet-politieke motieven. Het bereiken van financiële meerwaarde bleek wel een officieel doel of motief, maar was in de praktische besluitvorming lang niet altijd de enige relevante factor. Dit betekent dat de stelling dat financiële meerwaarde juist bepalend is, niet volledig blijkt te sporen met de PPS-praktijk. Sterker gesteld, bestuurlijke afwegingen blijken vaak bepalender voor keuzen pro of contra PPS bij rijksinfrastructurele projecten, of ook van grote invloed.
European Perspectives on Enforcement of Med-Arb Clauses and Med-Arb Awards
Authors: van Zelst Bas 
Published: August 2018

European Perspectives on Enforcement of Med-Arb Clauses and Med-Arb Awards
In Europe, mediation has historically taken a facilitative approach. It is therefore no surprise that Med-Arb – a hybrid dispute resolution mechanism combining elements of mediation and arbitration – is not high on the agenda of European politicians, academics and practitioners.As a result of this (apparent) lack of interest in Med-Arb, it remains unclear to what extent contractual clauses referring parties to Med-Arb (“Med-Arb Clauses”) and arbitral awards resulting from a Med-Arb procedure (“Med-Arb Awards”) are compliant with European standards on due process of law.It is this void this article seeks to fill. It will discuss the American experiences with Med-Arb and the pros and cons of Med-Arb forwarded in that context (Section 2). Against this background, the feasibility of Med-Arb from the perspective of European standards on due process of law is assessed. It is concluded that from a European perspective, no overriding concerns of law exist that should call a halt to Med-Arb. Parties must, however, discount certain specific EU standards when agreeing on and conducting a Med-Arb procedure.
Het toezicht op de strafvorderlijke overheid: een modern artikel 359a Sv?
Authors: Samadi M. 
Published: August 2018

Het toezicht op de strafvorderlijke overheid: een modern artikel 359a Sv?
In het kader van de modernisering van het Wetboek van Strafvordering heeft de wetgever zich ook gewaagd aan het veelbesproken thema van vormverzuimen en de strafprocessuele gevolgen van onrechtmatig strafvorderlijk overheidsoptreden. Deze bijdrage geeft een globale uiteenzetting van de voorgestelde wijzigingen van artikel 359a Sv en bespreekt deze wijzigingen in het licht van de in de literatuur geconstateerde problemen inzake de rechterlijke controle op vormverzuimen.
A High Gain Microstrip Patch Array for 5 GHz WLAN Applications
Authors: Ngobese B. W. , Kumar P. 
Published: August 2018

This paper presents the design, fabrication and measurement of a high gain 4-elements linear patch array, which uses the corporate feed technique with inset for excitation resonating at 5.216 𝐺𝐻z. is used as a dielectric substrate for the proposed array structure. The designed array is simulated and optimized by using CST microwave studio software. The element of the array is designed using the transmission-line model equations. The ground plane is made defective by incorporating slots and the reflective ground is utilized to enhance the gain of the array. The simulated and measured results for various parameters of the array are presented. The comparison between simulated and measured results show good agreement with little deviation. The optimized dimensions of the proposed design provides a maximum gain of 9.019 dB and a maximum directivity of 12.81 dBi. The antenna has been designed for the range which is one of the ranges for band for wireless local area networks (WLAN) applications as the standard states.
Clinical Profile and Factors Determining the Final Visual Outcome of Patients Presenting with Ocular Trauma
Authors: Lavaju Poonam , Badhu Badri Prasad , Shah Sangeeta 
Published: August 2018

Purpose:-
To determine the clinical profile and the factors affecting the visual outcome of patients with ocular trauma

Materials & Methods:-
A retrospective review of medical records of patients with ocular trauma presenting at a tertiary referral centre, Eastern Nepal, from January 2015 to December 2015. Different pre-operative variables were reviewed and analyzed with the final visual acuity (VA).

Results:-
The cohort consisted of 136 patients (138 eyes). The mean age was 16.09±15.89 years (3 months - 72 years) with male : female ratio of 3:1. Children < 15 years of age were predominantly affected (65%). Ninety nine (71.1%) sustained open globe injury (OGI) and 39 (28.3%) closed globe injury (CGI). Fifty one percent sustained injury while playing; wooden stick being the most common agent (36%). In this study, ocular injury was classified according to the Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology and Ocular Trauma Classification System. Among OGI, zone I was more frequent (71.7%) followed by zone II (19 %) and zone III (9.09%). Contusion was the most common CGI (55.26%). On multivariate analysis using binary logistic regression, the factors affecting the final outcome were initial VA (p=0.004, OR 0.063, CI: 0.010-0.380), lens status (p=0.037, OR: 2.54, CI 1.05-6.148) secondary glaucoma (p=0.035, OR 6.44, CI: 1.13-36.44), group (OGI vs CGI, p=0.001) and hyphaema (p=0.020).

Conclusions:-
Children less than fifteen years and male patients were predominantly affected. Traumatic cataract, initial visual acuity, secondary glaucoma, group of injury and hyphaema adversely affected the final visual outcome.
Conjunctivolimbal Autograft versus Cadaveric Keratolimbal Allograft in Ocular Surface Disorder: A Comparison
Authors: Kaushik Jaya , Singh Parihar Jitendra Kumar , Jain Vaibhav Kumar , Mathur Vijay 
Published: August 2018

Purpose:-
To compare the outcomes of conjunctivolimbal autograft (CLAU) and cadaveric keratolimbal allograft (KLAL) in limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) with ocular surface disorders.

Materials & Methods:-
In this prospective randomized clinical study, 50 eyes of 50 patients with unilateral LSCD were divided into two groups based on the surgical intervention. Group 1 patients (25 eyes) had CLAU, whereas group 2 patients (25 eyes) underwent cadaveric KLAL. The outcome measures were functional vision (best corrected visual acuity ≥ 6/60), gain of ≥ 2 lines of Snellen's visual acuity, corneal neovascularisation, visually significant corneal opacity (Iris details poorly visible), fluorescein stain, Schirmer's ≥ 10 mm, tear break-up time (TBUT) ≥ 10 seconds.

Results:-
At 1 year of follow-up, both CLAU and cadaveric KLAL were comparable in terms of visual gain of ≥ 2 lines, functional vision, corneal neovascularisation, Schirmer's ≥ 10 mm, TBUT ≥ 10 seconds. The epithelisation was found to be early with CLAU as compared with cadaveric KLAL (p = 0.032). Patients with cadaveric KLAL had more recurrent epithelial defects (40%) as compared to CLAU (24%).

Conclusions:-
Both procedures are effective in terms of visual gain and ocular surface restoration. Cadaveric KLAL seems to be a good alternative whenever CLAU is not possible.
Optic Disc Oedema: Presentation and Causes at a Tertiary Centre in North Karnataka
Authors: Ijeri Raghavendra , Jyoti R.C. 
Published: August 2018

Aim:-
Optic disc oedema is one of the important fundus findings seen in the eye. Many a times, it indicates a systemic pathology. In this study, we try to evaluate various causes of optic disc oedema and their presentation.

Materials & Methods:-
This observational study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in North Karnataka. This study was conducted from June 2015 to May 2017. Detailed ocular examination including visual acuity, slitlamp examination, detailed fundus evaluation using indirect ophthalmoscope and 90 Diopter lens, and fundus photography was done. Other investigations like blood examination, Visual field analysis and radiological investigations like Computed Tomography scans and Magnetic Resonance Imaging were done when required.

Results:-
A total of 43 consecutive cases with optic disc oedema were enrolled in this study. Twenty were females and twenty three were males. Out of the 43 cases, 15 cases had papilloedema, 20 cases had optic neuritis, one had anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION), 2 had diabetic papillopathy, 2 had Vogt Koyanagi Harada Syndrome (VKH), one had hemiretinal vein occlusion and 2 cases had neuroretinitis. A total of 34.9% patients had papilloedema, 46.5% had optic neuritis, 4.6% each had neuroretinitis, VKH and diabetic papillopathy, and 2.3% each had AION and hemi-retinal vein occlusion.

Conclusions:-
Optic neuritis was the commonest cause, followed by papilloedema, leading to optic disc oedema.
The amino‐terminal domain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ClpB protein plays a crucial role in its substrate disaggregation activity
Authors: Tripathi Prajna , Parijat Priyanka , Patel Virendra Kumar , Batra Janendra K. 
Published: August 2018

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is known to persist in extremely hostile environments within host macrophages. The ability to withstand such proteotoxic stress comes from its highly conserved molecular chaperone machinery. ClpB, a unique member of the AAA+ family of chaperones, is responsible for resolving aggregates in Mtb and many other bacterial pathogens. Mtb produces two isoforms of ClpB, a full length and an N‐terminally truncated form (ClpB∆N), with the latter arising from an internal translation initiation site. It is not clear why this internal start site is conserved and what role the N‐terminal domain (NTD) of Mtb ClpB plays in its function. In the current study, we functionally characterized and compared the two isoforms of Mtb ClpB. We found the NTD to be dispensable for oligomerization, ATPase activity and prevention of aggregation activity of ClpB. Both ClpB and ClpB∆N were found to be capable of resolubilizing protein aggregates. However, the efficiency of ClpB∆N at resolubilizing higher order aggregates was significantly lower than that of ClpB. Further, ClpB∆N exhibited reduced affinity for substrates as compared to ClpB. We also demonstrated that the surface of the NTD of Mtb ClpB has a hydrophobic groove that contains four hydrophobic residues: L97, L101, F140 and V141. These residues act as initial contacts for the substrate and are crucial for stable interaction between ClpB and highly aggregated substrates.
Zwitterionic Nanohydrogel Grafted PVDF Membranes with Comprehensive Antifouling Property and Superior Cycle Stability for Oil‐in‐Water Emulsion Separation
Authors: Zhu Yuzhang , Wang Jinliang , Zhang Feng , Gao Shoujian , Wang Aqiang , Fang Wangxi , Jin Jian 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFouling caused by oil and other pollutants is one of the most serious challenges for membranes used for oil/water separation. Aiming at improving the comprehensive antifouling property of membranes and thus achieving long‐term cyclic stability, it is reported in this work the design of a kind of zwitterionic nanosized hydrogels grafted poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) microfiltration membrane (ZNG‐g‐PVDF) with superior fouling‐tolerant property for oil‐in‐water emulsion separation. Sulfobetaine zwitterionic nanohydrogels with the diameter of ≈50 nm are synthesized by an inverse microemulsion polymerization process. They are then grafted onto the surface of PVDF microfiltration membrane, endowing the membrane a superhydrophilic and nearly zero oil adhesion property. This ZNG‐g‐PVDF membrane exhibits great tolerance and resistance to salts pH, especially an excellent antifouling property to oil‐in‐water emulsions containing various pollutants such as surfactants, proteins, and natural organic materials (e.g., humic acid). The comprehensive antifouling property of the membrane gives rise to the cyclic stability of the membrane greatly improved. A nearly 100% recovery ratio of permeating flux is achieved during several cycles of oil‐in‐water emulsion filtration. The ZNG‐g‐PVDF membrane shows great potential in treating practical oily wastewater containing complicated components in the effluent.
Diatom Silica for Biomedical Applications: Recent Progress and Advances
Authors: Maher Shaheer , Kumeria Tushar , Aw Moom Sin , Losic Dusan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDiatoms are unicellular photosynthetic algae enclosed in porous 3D nanopatterned silica enclosures called “frustules.” The diatom frustules are made from biosilica self‐assembled into intricate porous shells that feature unique properties including high specific surface area, biocompatibility, tailorable surface chemistry, thermal stability, and high mechanical and chemical resistance. The ability to cultivate diatoms in artificial environments and their abundant availability of diatom frustules as mineable fossilized mineral deposits (diatomite or diatomaceous earth; DE) make diatom silica a promising natural alternative to synthetic porous silica for a broad range of biomedical, environmental, agricultural, and energy applications. This review article provides a comprehensive and current account of the use of natural DE silica materials in biomedical applications focused mainly on drug delivery with some highlights on biosensing, tissue engineering, and clotting agents. The article also covers some basic physical and chemical aspects of DE material such as purification, surface chemical functionalization, biocompatibility, and cellular uptake that are critical for the development of an efficient drug carrier.
Biomimetic Electronic Devices for Measuring Bacterial Membrane Disruption
Authors: Pitsalidis Charalampos , Pappa Anna‐Maria , Porel Mintu , Artim Christine M. , Faria Gregorio C. , Duong Duc D. , Alabi Christopher A. , Daniel Susan , Salleo Alberto , Owens Róisín M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAntibiotic discovery has experienced a severe slowdown in terms of discovery of new candidates. In vitro screening methods using phospholipids to model the bacterial membrane provide a route to identify molecules that specifically disrupt bacterial membranes causing cell death. Thanks to the electrically insulating properties of the major component of the cell membrane, phospholipids, electronic devices are highly suitable transducers of membrane disruption. The organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) is a highly sensitive ion‐to‐electron converter. Here, the OECT is used as a transducer of the permeability of a lipid monolayer (ML) at a liquid:liquid interface, designed to read out changes in ion flux caused by compounds that interact with, and disrupt, lipid assembly. This concept is illustrated using the well‐documented antibiotic Polymixin B and the highly sensitive quantitation of permeability of the lipid ML induced by two novel recently described antibacterial amine‐based oligothioetheramides is shown, highlighting molecular scale differences in their disruption capabilities. It is anticipated that this platform has the potential to play a role in front‐line antimicrobial compound design and characterization thanks to the compatibility of semiconductor microfabrication technology with high‐throughput readouts.
Overall Water‐Splitting Electrocatalysts Based on 2D CoNi‐Metal‐Organic Frameworks and Its Derivative
Authors: Liu Mengjie , Zheng Weiran , Ran Sijia , Boles Steven T. , Lee Lawrence Yoon Suk 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEfficient electrocatalysts composed of non‐precious elements are central to the development of overall water‐splitting system. Herein, it is demonstrated that 2D CoNi‐metal‐organic framework (CoNi‐MOF) array grown directly on a Cu substrate is a highly efficient and stable electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction with a low overpotential (265 mV at 10 mA cm−2) in alkaline medium. With the combination of in situ conducting atomic force microscopy and two‐point conductivity measurements, it is revealed that the electron transfer is facilitated along the Z‐axis better than the other directions, which can lead to an enhanced catalytic activity. In addition, a simple annealing treatment converts this 2D CoNi‐MOF to a hybrid nanoplate array of metallic nitrides on an amorphous carbon network, which catalyzes the hydrogen evolution reaction with a compatible overpotential of 120 mV (at 10 mA cm−2) and excellent stability. The overall water splitting using these 2D CoNi‐MOF‐based catalysts shows a 99% Faradaic efficiency at 1.64 V, suggesting a promising pathway forward for the commercial realization of complete water‐splitting systems.