bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of environmental stressors on the water resources of intensively managed hydrologic systems
Authors: Botero‐Acosta Alejandra , Chu Maria L. , Stumpf Andrew J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWatersheds are complex systems due to their surface and subsurface spatially connected water fluxes and biochemical processes that shape Earth's critical zone. In intensively managed landscapes, the implementation of watershed management practices (WMPs) regulate their short‐term responses, whereas climate variability controls the long‐term processes. Understanding their responses to anthropogenic and natural stressors requires a holistic approach that takes into account their multiscale spatio‐temporal linkages. The objective of this study was to simulate the impacts of spatially and temporally varying WMPs and projected climate changes on the surface and groundwater resources in the Upper Sangamon River Basin (USRB), a watershed in central Illinois greatly impacted by agricultural and industrial operations. The physically based hydrologic model MIKE‐SHE was used to simulate the hydrologic responses of the basin to different WMPs and climatic conditions. The simulation of a WMP was varied spatially across the basin to determine the spectrum of responses and critical conditions. In general, the wetlands and forested riparian buffer scenarios were found to cause a reduction in the average streamflow, whereas crop rotation had varied responses depending on the location of implementation and the climate condition assumed. Reductions of up to 30% in the average streamflow were found for the forested riparian buffer under the ESM 2M climate projections, whereas an increase of up to 13% with the crop rotation schemes under CM3 climate was predicted. The model results showed that the installation of tile drains across the USRB increased the water table depth (from ground level) by up to 56%, making crop production possible. Groundwater level in USRB appeared to be more sensitive to future climatic conditions than to WMP implementation. The impacts of WMPs are determined to depend on the climate conditions under which they are applied. Investigating individual and combined stressors' effects over the critical zone at a watershed scale can lead to a more comprehensive analysis of the risk and trade‐offs in every managerial decision that will enable an efficient use of resources.
Antiviral activity of porcine interferon omega 7 against foot‐and‐mouth disease virus in vitro
Authors: Li Shi‐Fang , Zhao Fu‐Rong , Gong Mei‐Jiao , Shao Jun‐Jun , Xie Yin‐Li , Chang Hui‐Yun , Zhang Yong‐Guang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFoot‐and‐mouth disease (FMD) is a disease of worldwide economic importance, and vaccines play an important role in preventing FMDV outbreaks. However, new control strategies are still needed since FMDV outbreaks still occur in some disease‐free countries. Currently, interferon (IFN)‐based strategies have been demonstrated to be an efficient biotherapeutic option against FMDV; however, interferon omega (IFN‐ω) has not yet been assessed in this capacity. Thus, this study evaluated the antiviral activity of porcine IFN omega 7 (PoIFN‐ω7) against FMDV. After the PoIFN‐ω7 was expressed and purified, cell proliferation assays and quantitative real‐time reverse transciption‐polymerase chain reaction were used to evaluate the effective anti‐cytopathic concentration of PoIFN‐ω7 and its effectiveness pre‐ and post‐infection with FMDV in swine kidney cells (IBRS‐2). Results showed the rHis‐PoIFN‐ω7 fusion protein was considerably expressed using Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) strain, and the recombinant protein exhibited significant in vitro protection against FMDV, including two strains belonging to type O and A FMDV, respectively. In addition, PoIFN‐ω7 upregulated the transcription of Mx1, ISG15, OAS1, and PKR genes. These findings indicated that IFN‐ω has the potential for serving as a useful therapeutic agent to prevent FMDV or other viral outbreaks in pigs.
Comparative study of periodontal differentiation propensity of induced pluripotent stem cells from different tissue origins
Authors: Li Jingwen , Yin Xiaohui , Luan Qingxian 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundDespite being almost identical to embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been shown to possess a residual somatic memory that favors their differentiation propensity into donor tissue. To further confirm this assumption, we compare for the first time the periodontal differentiation tendency of human gingival fibroblast‐derived iPSCs (G‐iPSCs) and human neonatal skin fibroblast‐derived iPSCs (S‐iPSCs) to assess whether G‐iPSCs could be more efficiently induced toward periodontal cells.MethodsWe induced G‐ and S‐iPSCs under the treatment of growth/differentiation factor‐5 and connective tissue growth factor, respectively, for 14 days. Immunofluorescence staining and real‐time polymerase chain reaction were used to compare their expression levels of related markers. Furthermore, a hydrogel carrier was developed to seed these periodontal progenitors for subcutaneous implantation in non‐obese diabetic‐severe combined immunodeficiency disease mice. Their differentiated periodontal phenotype maintenance was further assayed by HE observation, immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence co‐localization with pre‐labeled PKH67.ResultsAs expected, both iPSCs were inclined to differentiate back into their original lineage by expressing higher markers at both gene and protein levels in vitro. HE observation of G‐iPSCs‐seeded hydrogel constructs present more mineralized structure formation than S‐iPSCs‐seeded ones. Immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence analysis also showed stronger positive staining for periodontal related markers in G‐iPSCs‐seeded hydrogel constructs.ConclusionsOur results preliminarily confirmed that both G‐ and S‐iPSCs were inclined to differentiate back into their original tissue in vitro. Animal study further confirmed the phenotype maintenance of periodontal differentiated G‐iPSCs, which highlighted their significant implications for therapeutic use in periodontal regeneration.
Electrochemically controlled fiber‐in‐tube solid‐phase microextraction method for the determination of trace amounts of antipsychotic drugs in biological samples
Authors: Shamsayei Maryam , Yamini Yadollah , Asiabi Hamid 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this study, a novel ‘fiber‐in‐tube’ configuration was applied to electrochemically controlled fiber‐in‐tube solid‐phase microextraction of antipsychotic drugs (perphenazine and chlorpromazine) from biological samples. To prepare an electrochemically controlled fiber‐in‐tube solid‐phase microextraction column, first eight stainless‐steel wires were placed into the stainless‐steel column. Then, a nanostructured Cu‐Cr‐Al ternary layered double hydroxide/polythiophene coating was prepared on the inner surface of the stainless‐steel tube and on the surfaces of the stainless‐steel wires by a facile in situ electrodeposition method. The nanostructured coating exhibited enhanced long lifetime, good mechanical stability, high porosity, and large specific surface area compared with polythiophene and Cu‐Cr‐Al layered double hydroxide coatings. Under the optimal conditions, the limits of detection were in the range of 0.07–0.8 μg/L. This method showed good linearity for perphenazine and chlorpromazine in the ranges of 0.3–300 and 0.2–300 μg/L, respectively, with coefficients of determination more than 0.9982. The inter‐ and intra‐assay precisions (RSD%, n = 3) were in the ranges of 3.0–5.1 and 2.5–4.5% at three concentration levels of 5, 25 and 50 μg/L, respectively. Finally, the method was applied for the analysis of the drugs in human urine and plasma samples.
Preparative separation of flavone dimers from Dysosma versipellis by counter‐current chromatography: Trifluoroacetic acid as a solvent system modifier
Authors: Yang Zhi , Guo Peipei , Han Rui , Gao Jin‐Ming 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe separation of natural products is grueling and time‐consuming work with repeated isolations needed to obtain purified compounds. However, using counter‐current chromatography, a unique liquid–liquid partition chromatography, constituents can usually be purified efficiently. During the separation of flavone dimers from Dysosma versipellis (Hance) by counter‐current chromatography, the separation resolution and sample loading was impeded by the emulsification of the sample. By screening, trifluoroacetic acid was selected as the solvent modifier to eliminate the emulsification. Then, a quaternary solvent system of hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (4:6:5:5 v/v/v/v) with trifluoroacetic acid at a low concentration of 0.5% v/v was used to purify the components from D. versipellis. Compared to that without trifluoroacetic acid, the separation resolution as well as the sample loading both increased greatly. In addition, flavone dimers in low concentrations could be enriched and purified at high sample loading. As a result, five podophyllotoxins and 11 flavonoids were purified and characterized by interpretation of spectroscopic data, in which two of eight flavone dimers were new and a known flavone dimer was first separated from this species.
Spleen Stiffness Measurement Using 2‐Dimensional Shear Wave Elastography: The Predictors of Measurability and the Normal Spleen Stiffness Value
Authors: Cho Young Seo , Lim Sanghyeok , Kim Yongsoo , Sohn Joo Hyun , Jeong Jae Yoon 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesTo investigate the success rate of spleen stiffness measurement and factors that affect measurement success and to determine the spleen stiffness value of normal individuals by 2‐dimensional shear wave elastography.MethodsThe spleen and liver stiffnesses of 313 consecutive patients were measured with SWE. The body mass index, abdominal wall thickness, spleen size, and liver stiffness of the patients were evaluated to identify factors associated with successful measurement of spleen stiffness. Patients were grouped by body mass index, spleen size, and liver stiffness, and the success rates and mean spleen stiffness values of the groups were compared. Independent predictors for successful spleen stiffness measurement and their cutoff values were evaluated. The mean spleen stiffness values of patients considered to have normal spleen stiffness were investigated.ResultsThe overall success rate of spleen stiffness measurement was 52.9%. It was significantly higher in nonobese than in obese patients and in patients with splenomegaly and liver cirrhosis. The spleen stiffness value was higher in the splenomegaly group than the nonsplenomegaly group (P < .001) and increased as liver stiffness increased (P < .001). There was no significant difference in spleen stiffness values between the obese and nonobese groups. Abdominal wall thickness and splenic longitudinal diameter were identified as independent predictors of successful spleen stiffness measurement, and their cutoff values were 17.2 mm or less and greater than 9.4 cm, respectively. The mean spleen stiffness value ± SD of the normal patient group was 20.5 ± 5.4 kPa.ConclusionsThe success rate of spleen stiffness measurement is lower than that of liver stiffness measurement. Spleen stiffness measurement is affected by abdominal wall thickness and spleen size.
On differential Galois groups of strongly normal extensions
Authors: Brouette Quentin , Point Françoise 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe revisit Kolchin's results on definability of differential Galois groups of strongly normal extensions, in the case where the field of constants is not necessarily algebraically closed. In certain classes of differential topological fields, which encompasses ordered or p‐valued differential fields, we find a partial Galois correspondence and we show one cannot expect more in general. In the class of ordered differential fields, using elimination of imaginaries in , we establish a relative Galois correspondence for relatively definable subgroups of the group of differential order automorphisms.
Understanding the effects of perceived ethics failure, compassionate leadership, and communication strategy on anti‐government sentiment
Authors: Kim Soojin , Tam Lisa , Bach Seung 
Published: July 2018

This study conceptualizes anti‐government sentiment and tests the relationships between anti‐government sentiment and three antecedents (i.e., ethics failure, compassionate leadership, and communication strategy). An online survey (n = 1,112) was conducted in South Korea. Exploratory factor analysis with principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on the measures proposed for anti‐government sentiment. The hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling. Results show that publics' perceptions of the government's ethics failure, lack of compassionate leadership, and use of a buffering strategy for communication are positively related to their anti‐government sentiment toward the incumbent government.
Clinical management of Australian adolescents and young adults with acute lymphoblastic and myeloid leukemias: A national population‐based study
Authors: White V. M. , Skaczkowski G. , Pinkerton R. , Coory M. , Osborn M. , Bibby H. , Nicholls W. , Orme L. M. , Conyers R. , Phillips M. B. , Harrup R. , Walker R. , Thompson K. , Anazodo A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundWhile several studies have examined the treatment of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), studies of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are rare. Using national data for Australia, we describe (i) the number and type of treatment centers caring for AYAs, (ii) induction/first‐line treatments, and (iii) survival outcomes.ProcedureNational population‐based study assessing treatment of 15‐ to 24‐year‐olds diagnosed with ALL or AML between 2007 and 2012. Treatment details were abstracted from hospital medical records. Treatment centers were classified as pediatric or adult (adult AYA‐focused or other adult; and by AYA volume [high/low]). Cox proportional hazard regression analyses examined associations between treatment and overall, event‐free, and relapse‐free survival outcomes.ResultsForty‐seven hospitals delivered induction therapy to 351 patients (181 ALL and 170 AML), with 74 (21%) treated at pediatric centers; 70% of hospitals treated less than two AYA leukemia patients per year. Regardless of treatment center, 82% of ALL patients were on pediatric protocols. For AML, pediatric protocols were not used in adult centers, with adult centers using a non‐COG 7+3‐type induction protocol (51%, where COG is Cooperative Oncology Group) or an ICE‐type protocol (39%, where ICE is idarubicin, cytarabine, etoposide). Exploratory analyses suggested that for both ALL and AML, AYAs selected for adult protocols have worse overall, event‐free, and relapse‐free survival outcomes.ConclusionsPediatric protocols were commonly used for ALL patients regardless of where they are treated, indicating rapid assimilation of recent evidence by Australian hematologists. For AML, pediatric protocols were only used at pediatric centers. Further investigation is warranted to determine the optimal treatment approach for AYA AML patients.
Ovarian Sertoli–Leydig tumor after bone marrow transplant for sickle cell disease
Authors: Phillips Lia Neu , Krishnamurti Lakshmanan , Rytting Heather , Olson Thomas A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAs bone marrow transplant for sickle cell disease becomes increasingly common, long‐term outcomes including secondary malignancies are beginning to be described. Here, we report a case of ovarian Sertoli–Leydig tumor that occurred after allogeneic bone marrow transplant for sickle cell disease.
[60]Fullerene‐quinoxaline, benzothiadiazole and benzoselenadiazole based dyads for thermally stable polymer solar cells: anchoring of substituent on fullerene with a poly(3‐hexylthiophene) polymer chain
Authors: Elavarasan Kumaravel , Saravanan Chinnusamy , Panneer Selvam Nagarajan , Hsieh Yen‐Ju , Chang Yi‐Min , Wang Leeyih 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT[6,6]‐Phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM and PC71BM) is an archetypal electron acceptor in organic photovoltaic devices. However, it nucleates and grows to form aggregates or crystallites on a length scale of tens of nanometres to micrometres under thermal aging, which often results in a significant decrease in device efficiency and stability. To overcome this thermally induced performance degradation, many methods have been reported to date such as the introduction of hydrogen, halogen bonding, thermally or photochemically crosslinkable groups onto the fullerene, and the suppression of nucleation and growth of fullerene crystallites under thermal aging has been successfully demonstrated. Even though those methods are highly useful for the suppression of aggregation, we successfully demonstrated another one simple method for the same: Introduction of bulkier groups onto the fullerene, which can act as anchoring group to suppress the aggregation. In an extension of our previous work, quinoxaline (TQT), benzothiadiazole (TBTT) and benzoselenadiazole (TBST) based bulkier groups are linked to the fullerene, denoted as TQT‐C60, TBTT‐C60 and TBST‐C60, respectively, through the 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of corresponding azomethine ylides with fullerene. Single junction bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells were fabricated with the configuration ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:dyad/Ca/Al. The morphological stability of the active layer was monitored by transmission electron microscopy and optical microscopy. Independent of heteroatoms, all the dyads show excellent morphological stability under thermal aging compared to the archetypal acceptor PCBM due to the anchoring of substituent groups. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Catalytic effect of poly(silicon‐containing arylacetylene) with terminal acetylene on the curing reaction and properties of a bisphenol A type cyanate ester
Authors: Cai Mingcheng , Yuan Qiaolong , Huang Farong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBisphenol A dicyanate ester (BADCy) was blended with an acetylene‐terminated poly(silicon‐containing arylacetylene) (PSA‐E) with acidic terminal acetylene groups to prepare a modified cyanate ester (BADCy/PSA‐E) via solution and evaporation. The curing reaction of the BADCy/PSA‐E was studied by DSC and in situ infrared monitoring. The curing initial temperature and peak temperature of the blended resin decreased by up to 95 and 57 °C, respectively. The PSA‐E could catalyze the curing reaction of BADCy. The thermal, dielectric and mechanical properties of the cured blended resins were further evaluated. The temperature at 5% mass loss of the cured blended BADCy with 20% mass fraction of PSA‐E increased from 361 to 426 °C, although the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the cured blended resin remained at 270 °C. The cured BADCy/PSA‐E blended resin exhibited a good thermal stability. The dielectric loss factor and mechanical properties of the cured BADCy decreased upon addition of the PSA‐E resin. However, the flexural strength and impact strength of the cured blended BADCy/PSA‐E resin exhibited values of 95 MPa and 21 kJ m−2, respectively. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
External locus‐of‐hope, well‐being, and coping of students: A cross‐cultural examination within Asia
Authors: Bernardo Allan B. I. , Yeung Susanna S. , Resurreccion Katrina Fernando , Resurreccion Ron R. , Khan Aqeel 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntervention programs to strengthen hope in students have been developed and implemented in schools. The programs are based on Snyder's theory that defines hope as thoughts regarding personal capacities and pathways for goal attainment. Hope theory was recently extended to include external loci‐of‐hope, which derive from conjoint models of agency emphasized in collectivist societies. But evidence on external loci‐of‐hope's positive influence on students’ well‐being is limited. Two studies (involving student samples from four universities in Asian cities) explored how external loci‐of‐hope relate to students’ life satisfaction, personal well‐being (self‐esteem, self‐mastery), relational well‐being (relational self‐esteem, communal mastery), and coping styles for school‐related stress. Results show that external loci‐of‐hope dimensions predict students’ life satisfaction and relational aspects of well‐being, but also predict maladaptive coping. The results are discussed in relation to how the work of psychologists in schools benefit from approaches that contextualize theoretical precepts in cultural meanings and experiences in different parts of the world.
The impact of personal characteristics on scores on the Self‐Determination Inventory: Student report in adolescents with and without disabilities
Authors: Shogren Karrie A. , Shaw Leslie A. , Raley Sheida K. , Wehmeyer Michael L. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe Self‐Determination Inventory: Student Report (SDI:SR) is a newly developed measure of self‐determination. The purpose of this study was to explore of personal factors, namely age and gender on scores on the SDI:SR. Separate multigroup confirmatory analyses were conducted for age cohorts (13‐ to 15‐, 16‐ to 18‐, and 19‐ to 22‐year‐olds) and for females and males to establish measurement invariance and explore latent differences. Findings suggest the same set of items can be used in all groups. No latent differences were found for females and males, but expected age‐related differences (e.g., younger participants showed lower levels of self‐determination) were established. Finally, the degree to which age and gender influenced scores for 12 groups created by crossing disability status and race/ethnicity was examined. Findings suggest that females with no disability or learning disabilities generally score lower in overall self‐determination than males and general positive impact of age on scores across disability by race/ethnicity groups. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
The Disordered Landscape of the 20S Proteasome Substrates Reveals Tight Association with Phase Separated Granules
Authors: Myers Nadav , Olender Tsviya , Savidor Alon , Levin Yishai , Reuven Nina , Shaul Yosef 
Published: July 2018

AbstractProteasomal degradation is the main route of regulated proteostasis. The 20S proteasome is the core particle (CP) responsible for the catalytic activity of all proteasome complexes. Structural constraints mean that only unfolded, extended polypeptide chains may enter the catalytic core of the 20S proteasome. It has been previously shown that the 20S CP is active in degradation of certain intrinsically disordered proteins (IDP) lacking structural constrains. Here, a comprehensive analysis of the 20S CP substrates in vitro is conducted. It is revealed that the 20S CP substrates are highly disordered. However, not all the IDPs are 20S CP substrates. The group of the IDPs that are 20S CP substrates, termed 20S‐IDPome are characterized by having significantly more protein binding partners, more posttranslational modification sites, and are highly enriched for RNA binding proteins. The vast majority of them are involved in splicing, mRNA processing, and translation. Remarkably, it is found that low complexity proteins with prion‐like domain (PrLD), which interact with GR or PR di‐peptide repeats, are the most preferential 20S CP substrates. The finding suggests roles of the 20S CP in gene transcription and formation of phase‐separated granules.
Mechanism of Laser Initiated Carbon Nanotube Ignition
Authors: Trewartha Steven , Appleby Rodney , Gascooke Jason R. , Shapter Joseph G. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis work investigated carbon nanotube reactions when subjected to a laser irradiation. It was found that the laser produced a fast explosion‐like result. The addition of ferrocene to the carbon nanotube powder was found to increase the decomposition temperature and reaction of photo‐initiated nanotubes. Incomplete combustion was found as a result of particle scattering and limited thermal transfer in loose samples however in confined samples a burning front can develop resulting in more complete combustion.