bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inpatient Palliative Care Consult: A Marker for High Risk of Readmission or Death in Discharged Oncology Inpatients
Authors: Selby Debbie , Chakraborty Anita , Kim Audrey , Myers Jeff 
Published: August 2019

Background: Emergency department visits or readmission to hospital are common particularly among those with advanced illness. Little prospective data exist on early outcomes specifically for patients seen by a palliative care consult service during their acute care admission, who are subsequently discharged home. Methods: This study followed 62 oncology patients who had had a palliative care consult during their admission to acute care with weekly phone calls postdischarge for 4 weeks. Events recorded included death, readmission, emergency department visits, and admission to a palliative care unit. Results: By the end of the study, 32 (52%) of 62 had had at least 1 event, (readmission, emergency department visit, or death), with the majority of these occurring in the first 2 weeks postdischarge. The overall 4-week death rate was 14 (22.6%) of 62. Conclusions: These data suggest that the need for a palliative care consult identifies inpatients at very high risk for early deterioration and underlines the critical importance of advance care planning/goals-of-care discussions by the oncology and palliative care teams to ensure patients and families understand their disease process and have the opportunity to direct their care decisions.
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Improves Depressive Symptoms and Quality of Life of Poststroke Patients—Prospective Case Series Study
Authors: da Silva Júnior Hercílio Barbosa , Fernandes Marcos Rassi , Souza Ângela Maria Costa 
Published: August 2019

Background: Poststroke depression (PSD) is a serious psychiatric complication often reported after a stroke. Nearly a third of stroke survivors experience depressive symptoms at some point, affecting their functional recovery and quality of life. In recent years, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been studied by many researchers and found to be a safe supporting tool for the treatment of PSD. Objective: We aim to evaluate the effects of rTMS on PSD and on the quality of life of poststroke patients. Method: A prospective clinical case series, performed at CRER Rehabilitation, Brazil, between June 2016 and May 2017. A nonprobabilistic sample (n = 15) was divided into 2 groups (excitatory stimulation in F3, n = 8; inhibitory stimulation in F4, n = 7) and underwent 20 sessions of rTMS. Individuals were assessed according to the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D17) and World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire at 3 different moments: baseline, at the end of the treatment, and in a 1-month follow-up meeting. Results: Both groups presented a significant change in the score of all WHOQOL-BREF domains and in HAM-D17. In the group that received inhibitory stimulation (F4), score changes were continuous and gradual, comparing the 3 moments. In the excitatory stimulated (F3) group, however, the improvement in scores was more expressive between baseline and the second moment, without significant changes in the follow-up. Conclusions: The findings of this clinical study suggest that rTMS can be a promising tool, capable of relieving depressive symptoms and helping in the improvement of poststroke patients’ quality of life.
Noninvasive imaging assessment of rehabilitation therapy in heart failure with preserved and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (IMAGING-REHAB-HF): design and rationale
Authors: Cardoso Fernando Bianchini , Antunes-Correa Lígia M. , Silva Thiago Quinaglia A. C. , Silva Luis Miguel , Toledo Camilla , Ribeiro Vinicius Citelli , Paim Layde R. , Neilan Tomas G. , Velloso Lício , Nadruz Wilson , Ramos Celso Darío , Dertkigil Sergio S. , Schreiber Roberto , Sposito Andrei , Matos-Souza Jose Roberto , Berwanger Otávio , Jerosch-Herold Michael , Coelho-Filho Otávio Rizzi 
Published: August 2019

Background: Studies have shown significant benefits of exercise therapy in heart failure (HF) with a reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and HF with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The mechanisms responsible for the beneficial effect of exercise in HFrEF and HFpEF are still unclear. We hypothesized that the effect of exercise on myocardial remodeling may explain its beneficial effect. Methods: IMAGING-REHAB-HF is a single-center, randomized, controlled clinical trial using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, vasomotor endothelial function, cardiac sympathetic activity imaging and serum biomarkers to compare the effect of exercise therapy in HFpEF (LVEF ≥ 45%) and HFrEF (LVEF < 45%). Subjects will be assessed at baseline and after 4 months. The exercise program will consist of three 60-min exercise sessions/week. The primary endpoints are the effect of exercise on myocardial extracellular volume (ECV), left ventricular (LV) systolic function, LV mass, LV mass-to-volume and LV cardiomyocyte volume. Secondary endpoints include the effect of exercise on vasomotor endothelial function, cardiac sympathetic activity and plasmatic biomarkers. Patients will be allocated in a 2:1 fashion to supervised exercise program or usual care. A total sample size of 90 patients, divided into two groups according to LVEF:HFpEF group (45 patients:30 in the intervention arm and 15 in the control arm) and HFrEF group (45 patients:30 in the intervention arm and 15 in the control arm) – will be necessary to achieve adequate power. Conclusion: This will be the first study to evaluate the benefits of a rehabilitation program on cardiac remodeling in HF patients. The unique design of our study may provide unique data to further elucidate the mechanisms involved in reverse cardiac remodeling after exercise in HFpEF and HFrEF patients.
Age at menopause and lung function: a Mendelian randomisation study
Authors: van der Plaat Diana A. , Pereira Miguel , Pesce Giancarlo , Potts James F. , Amaral André F.S. , Dharmage Shyamali C. , Garcia-Aymerich Judith M. , Thompson John R. , Gómez Real Francisco , Jarvis Deborah L. , Minelli Cosetta , Leynaert Bénédicte 
Published: August 2019

In observational studies, early menopause is associated with lower forced vital capacity (FVC) and a higher risk of spirometric restriction, but not airflow obstruction. It is, however, unclear if this association is causal. We therefore used a Mendelian randomisation (MR) approach, which is not affected by classical confounding, to assess the effect of age at natural menopause on lung function.We included 94 742 naturally post-menopausal women from the UK Biobank and performed MR analyses on the effect of age at menopause on forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), FVC, FEV1/FVC, spirometric restriction (FVC<lower limit of normal (LLN)) and airflow obstruction (FEV1/FVC<LLN). We used the inverse variance-weighted method, as well as methods that adjust for pleiotropy, and compared MR with observational analyses.The MR analyses showed higher FEV1/FVC and a 15% lower risk of airflow obstruction for women with early (<45 years) compared to normal (45–55 years) menopause. Despite some evidence of pleiotropy, the results were consistent when using MR methods robust to pleiotropy. Similar results were found among never- and ever-smokers, while the protective effect seemed less strong in women who had ever used menopause hormone treatment and in overweight women. There was no strong evidence of an association with FVC or spirometric restriction. In observational analyses of the same dataset, early menopause was associated with a pronounced reduction in FVC and a 13% higher risk of spirometric restriction.Our MR results suggest that early menopause has a protective effect on airflow obstruction. Further studies are warranted to better understand the inconsistency with observational findings, and to investigate the underlying mechanisms and role of female sex hormones.
Antibacterial effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of Mauritia flexuosa leaves on gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria
Authors: Sandoval Vergara Ana , Farfán Córdova Marlon , Salazar Castillo Marco Leoncio , Rodríguez Haro Icela Marissa , Vizconde Rodríguez Ana Paula 
Published: August 2019

Background: Plant-derived compounds are sometimes used as substitutes for pharmaceuticals. Mauritia flexuosa is a palm tree that is widely distributed in South America, especially in the Amazon region. The San Martín region of Peru, in which this species of the Arecaceae family is found, has great biological diversity and there is economic potential in the utilization of natural resources in the region. Methods: In this study, the antibacterial effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of Mauritia flexuosa leaves was evaluated for gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 and gram-negative Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica ser. Typhi ATCC 11011. Mauritia flexuosa leaves were used to prepare concentrations of 10, 20, 40 and 60mg/ml. Phytochemical analysis was performed to identify secondary metabolites in the plants. For the experiment, 10 Mueller-Hinton agar plates were prepared and 1ml of bacterial inoculum, standardized to 0.5 McFarland, was added to each plate. The hydroalcoholic extract was added via the diffusion method, making five holes of 5mm each (four with extract concentrations and one with distilled water as a control group), and the plates were incubated for 24 hours at 36°C. The inhibition halo was measured in mm using a digital vernier caliper. Results: For gram-negative bacteria, an antibacterial effect was demonstrated for Pseudomonas aeruginosa only, at an extract concentration of 60mg/ml, with an inhibition halo of 14.8 mm. For gram-positive bacteria Baccillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, an antibacterial effect was demonstrated at an extract concentration of 60mg/ml, with inhibition halos of 13.2mm and 15.4mm in diameter, respectively. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the hydroalcoholic extract of Mauritia flexuosa does not inhibit bacterial growth for gram-negative bacteria Salmonella Typhi and Escherichia coli.
Study design and protocol for investigating social network patterns in rural and urban schools and households in a coastal setting in Kenya using wearable proximity sensors
Authors: Kiti Moses Chapa , Melegaro Alessia , Cattuto Ciro , Nokes David James 
Published: August 2019

Background: Social contact patterns shape the transmission of respiratory infections spread via close interactions. There is a paucity of observational data from schools and households, particularly in developing countries. Portable wireless sensors can record unbiased proximity events between individuals facing each other, shedding light on pathways of infection transmission. Design and methods: The aim is to characterize face-to-face contact patterns that may shape the transmission of respiratory infections in schools and households in Kilifi, Kenya. Two schools, one each from a rural and urban area, will be purposively selected. From each school, 350 students will be randomly selected proportional to class size and gender to participate. Nine index students from each school will be randomly selected and followed-up to their households. All index household residents will be recruited into the study. A further 3-5 neighbouring households will also be recruited to give a maximum of 350 participants per household setting. The sample size per site is limited by the number of sensors available for data collection. Each participant will wear a wireless proximity sensor lying on their chest area for 7 consecutive days. Data on proximal dyadic interactions will be collected automatically by the sensors only for participants who are face-to-face. Key characteristics of interest include the distribution of degree and the frequency and duration of contacts and their variation in rural and urban areas. These will be stratified by age, gender, role, and day of the week. Expected results: Resultant data will inform on social contact patterns in rural and urban areas of a previously unstudied population. Ensuing data will be used to parameterize mathematical simulation models of transmission of a range of respiratory viruses, including respiratory syncytial virus, and used to explore the impact of intervention measures such as vaccination and social distancing.
Brasil no Chile: ilustraciones, postales y fotografías de Brasil en museos chilenos (principios de siglo XX)
Authors: Cinelli Noemi , Marrero Alberto Antonio 
Published: August 2019

En el presente escrito presentamos un primer acercamiento a la recopilación de documentación iconográfica sobre Brasil en chile. En particular, nos referiremos a las tarjetas postales, fotografías e ilustraciones fechables en el siglo XX, que hoy en día guardan varias instituciones patrimoniales chilenas. En particular, nos fijaremos en el material conservado en Santiago y Vicuña. El objetivo es dar comienzo a una investigación sistemática sobre los intercambios de imágenes entre los dos países mencionados, para reconstruir las relaciones artísticas que les unieron a los albores del Novecientos.
Palabras-clave: postales; envíos; Brasil en chile.
Homogenisation with error estimates of attractors for damped semi-linear anisotropic wave equations
Authors: Cooper Shane , Savostianov Anton 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Homogenisation of global 𝓐ε and exponential 𝓜ε attractors for the damped semi-linear anisotropic wave equation
$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
\partial_t ^2u^\varepsilon + y \partial_t u^\varepsilon-\operatorname{div} \left(a\left( \tfrac{x}{\varepsilon} \right)\nabla u^\varepsilon \right)+f(u^\varepsilon)=g,
\end{array}$ on a bounded domain Ω ⊂ ℝ3, is performed. Order-sharp estimates between trajectories uε(t) and their homogenised trajectories u0(t) are established. These estimates are given in terms of the operator-norm difference between resolvents of the elliptic operator
$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
\operatorname{div}\left(a\left( \tfrac{x}{\varepsilon} \right)\nabla \right)
\end{array}$ and its homogenised limit div (ah∇). Consequently, norm-resolvent estimates on the Hausdorff distance between the anisotropic attractors and their homogenised counter-parts 𝓐0 and 𝓜0 are established. These results imply error estimates of the form distX(𝓐ε, 𝓐0) ≤ Cεϰ and
$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
\operatorname{dist}^s_X(\mathcal M^\varepsilon, \mathcal M^0) \le C \varepsilon^\varkappa
\end{array}$ in the spaces X = L2(Ω) × H–1(Ω) and X = (Cβ(Ω))2. In the natural energy space 𝓔 :=
$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
H^1_0
\end{array}$(Ω) × L2(Ω), error estimates dist𝓔(𝓐ε, Tε 𝓐0) ≤
$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
C \sqrt{\varepsilon}^\varkappa
\end{array}$ and
$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
\operatorname{dist}^s_\mathcal{E}(\mathcal M^\varepsilon, \text{T}_\varepsilon \mathcal M^0) \le C \sqrt{\varepsilon}^\varkappa
\end{array}$ are established where Tε is first-order correction for the homogenised attractors suggested by asymptotic expansions. Our results are applied to Dirchlet, Neumann and periodic boundary conditions.
词义联想与汉语二语量词习得
Authors: 王 小潞 , 任 婉 
Published: August 2019

提要量词是汉语重要词类之一，但汉语二语者的量词使用偏误却很难消除。为促进汉语二语量词习得，本文通过研究汉语量词的习得和运用规律，归纳了汉语量词的四种词义联想方式：原型联想、形象联想、隐喻联想和转喻联想；对浙江大学 40 位汉语二语中高级学习者的汉语量词习得情况进行的问卷调查，验证了词义联想在汉语二语量词习得过程中的重要作用。鉴于此，我们有理由相信：面对丰富而复杂的汉语量词体系，通过词义联想构建一个具有激活扩散特性的量词语义联想网络是寻找量词的记忆规律、促进量词习得的有效途径。
Crystal structure of 3-(3-(pyridin-3-yl)ureido)benzoic acid, C13H11N3O3
Authors: Zhang Qi-Long , Xie Hai-Fang , Yu Qing , Yang Xiao-Sheng 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
C13H11N3O3, Orthorhombic, Pna21 (no. 33), a = 9.2062(6) Å, b = 11.5258(7) Å, c = 11.5263(7) Å, V = 1223.04(13) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0377, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1006, T = 293(2) K.
The Acoustics ofContiones, or How Many Romans Could Have Heard Speakers
Authors: Kopij Kamil , Pilch Adam 
Published: August 2019

AbstractContiones– assemblies during which important Roman politicians discussed the laws proposed at the People’s Assemblies as well as candidates for the offices and presented their opinions to the Roman people – are considered by some scholars as one of the central institutions and rituals of the Roman Republic. Considering the rolecontionesplayed in the political life of the Roman Republic, we can ask how many Romans participated in them. In our paper we present results of acoustic analyses of two places at the Forum Romanum that we know were platforms for speakers atcontiones: theRostraand the podium of the Temple of Castores. The main goal of our study was to establish the maximum number of participants that could have heard speeches inteligibly. To do that we used a 3D model of Forum Romanum considering not only the geometry but also the acoustic parameters of materials used to construct therostraand adjacent constructions. Based on the sound power level of a speaker and possible noise sources, on which the recipients were exposed to, we established areas where speeches could have been heard and understood. This in turn allowed us to estimate the maximum number of recipients.
Genomic Data Reveal Conserved Female Heterogamety in Giant Salamanders with Gigantic Nuclear Genomes
Authors: Hime Paul M , Briggler Jeffrey T , Reece Joshua S , Weisrock David W 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSystems of genetic sex determination and the homology of sex chromosomes in different taxa vary greatly across vertebrates. Much progress remains to be made in understanding systems of genetic sex determination in non-model organisms, especially those with homomorphic sex chromosomes and/or large genomes. We used reduced representation genome sequencing to investigate genetic sex determination systems in the salamander family Cryptobranchidae (genera Cryptobranchus and Andrias), which typifies both of these inherent difficulties. We tested hypotheses of male- or female-heterogamety by sequencing hundreds of thousands of anonymous genomic regions in a panel of known-sex cryptobranchids and characterized patterns of presence/absence, inferred zygosity, and depth of coverage to identify sex-linked regions of these 56 gigabase genomes. Our results strongly support the hypothesis that all cryptobranchid species possess homologous systems of female heterogamety, despite maintenance of homomorphic sex chromosomes over nearly 60 million years. Additionally, we report a robust, non-invasive genetic assay for sex diagnosis in Cryptobranchus and Andrias which may have great utility for conservation efforts with these endangered salamanders. Co-amplification of these W-linked markers in both cryptobranchid genera provides evidence for long-term sex chromosome stasis in one of the most divergent salamander lineages. These findings inform hypotheses about the ancestral mode of sex determination in salamanders, but suggest that comparative data from other salamander families are needed. Our results further demonstrate that massive genomes are not necessarily a barrier to effective genome-wide sequencing and that the resulting data can be highly informative about sex determination systems in taxa with homomorphic sex chromosomes.
Likelihood of healthy eating among adolescents based on the health belief model
Authors: Szabó K , Pikó B 
Published: August 2019

Introduction
Maintaining appropriate eating habits is one of the key components of good health. It is especially difficult during adolescence, a critical period in life because of the increased autonomy and the intention to take risks. Investigating the theoretical background of adolescents’ eating behaviour is therefore a worthwhile line of research. We applied the widely used health belief model to explore adolescents’ likelihood of healthy eating.

Materials and methods
A sample of adolescents (Szeged, Hungary; N = 400, age = 14–19 years; mean age = 16.01 years, SD = 1.18 years; 37% males) participated in the study. Data were collected through online, self-administered/anonymous questionnaires. Based on bidirectional correlations of the variables, we used a path analysis to examine relationships between elements of a modified health belief model.

Results
Our modified model showed the direct impacts of cues to action, benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy, and the indirect impacts of perceived severity and susceptibility-via-cues-to-action on the likelihood of healthy eating.

Discussion and conclusions
Elements of the health belief model play a decisive role in estimating adolescents’ healthy eating behaviour. We suggest that the model can serve as a useful theoretical background in planning and evaluating prevention programs to reduce obesity and promote healthy eating.
Outcomes in Patients Treated with Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy for Primary Brain Cancer and Brain Metastases
Authors: Swartz Leigh Klaus , Holste Katherine G. , Kim Michelle M. , Morikawa Aki , Heth Jason 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is an emerging modality to treat benign and malignant brain lesions. LITT is a minimally invasive method to ablate tissue using laser-induced tissue heating and serves as both a diagnostic and therapeutic modality for progressive brain lesions. We completed a single-center retrospective analysis of all patients with progressive brain lesions treated with LITT since its introduction at our center in August of 2015. Twelve patients have been treated for a total of 13 procedures, of which 10 patients had brain metastases and 2 patients had primary malignant gliomas. Biopsies were obtained immediately prior to laser-induced tissue heating in 10 procedures (76.9%), of which seven biopsies showed treatment-related changes without viable tumor. After laser ablation, two of three patients previously on steroids were successfully weaned on first attempt. The results of this analysis indicate that LITT is a well-tolerated procedure enabling some patients to discontinue steroids that may be effective for diagnosing and treating radiation necrosis and tumor progression.
Phase I Pharmacokinetic Study of Niraparib in Chinese Patients with Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Zhang Jian , Zheng Hong , Gao Yunong , Lou Ge , Yin Rutie , Ji Dongmei , Li Wenhua , Wang Wei , Xia Bairong , Wang Danqing , Hou Jianmei , Yan James , Hei Yongjiang , Zhang Zhi-Yi , Milton Ashley , Wu Xiaohua 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Lessons Learned
Pharmacokinetics characteristics of niraparib in Chinese patients were similar to those in white patients. Niraparib could be well tolerated by Chinese patients, and adverse events were manageable in this study. Population pharmacokinetics analysis indicated that baseline body weight had a modest impact on pharmacokinetics parameters of niraparib; however, it was not considered clinically important.

Background
This randomized, open-label, single-arm, phase I study was designed to investigate the pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety of niraparib in Chinese patients with epithelial ovarian cancer.

Methods
Eligible patients were randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive 100, 200, or 300 mg of niraparib once daily. PK parameters were analyzed after single and multiple dose administrations.

Results
Thirty-six Chinese patients were enrolled in total. Niraparib was rapidly absorbed after administration, and median time-to-peak (Tmax) was 3 hours. The long terminal elimination half-life (T1/2 ∼ 35 hours) supports once-daily dosing regimen. The exposure to niraparib showed linear and dose-proportional pharmacokinetics, whereas other PK parameters such as Tmax, T1/2, and accumulation ratio were dose independent. Population PK analysis indicated that there was no effect of race on niraparib PK parameters, whereas baseline body weight had a modest impact on niraparib exposure. Grade 3/4 treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs; reported in ≥10% of patients) included platelet count decreased (a total of five patients who were all from the 300-mg group) and neutrophil count decreased. The TEAEs were manageable after dose modification.

Conclusion
The PK profile of niraparib in Chinese patients is consistent with that in white patients. Niraparib is safe and well tolerated in Chinese patients with ovarian cancer.