bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered trends in carbon uptake in China's terrestrial ecosystems under the enhanced summer monsoon and warming hiatus
Authors: He Honglin , Wang Shaoqiang , Zhang Li , Wang Junbang , Ren Xiaoli , Zhou Lei , Piao Shilong , Yan Hao , Ju Weimin , Gu Fengxue , Yu Shiyong , Yang Yuanhe , Wang Miaomiao , Niu Zhongen , Ge Rong , Yan Huimin , Huang Mei , Zhou Guoyi , Bai Yongfei , Xie Zongqiang , Tang Zhiyao , Wu Bingfang , Zhang Leiming , He Nianpeng , Wang Qiufeng , Yu Guirui 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe carbon budgets in terrestrial ecosystems in China are strongly coupled with climate changes. Over the past decade, China has experienced dramatic climate changes characterized by enhanced summer monsoon and decelerated warming. However, the changes in the trends of terrestrial net ecosystem production (NEP) in China under climate changes are not well documented. Here, we used three ecosystem models to simulate the spatiotemporal variations in China's NEP during 1982–2010 and quantify the contribution of the strengthened summer monsoon and warming hiatus to the NEP variations in four distinct climatic regions of the country. Our results revealed a decadal-scale shift in NEP from a downtrend of –5.95 Tg C/yr2 (reduced sink) during 1982–2000 to an uptrend of 14.22 Tg C/yr2 (enhanced sink) during 2000–10. This shift was essentially induced by the strengthened summer monsoon, which stimulated carbon uptake, and the warming hiatus, which lessened the decrease in the NEP trend. Compared to the contribution of 56.3% by the climate effect, atmospheric CO2 concentration and nitrogen deposition had relatively small contributions (8.6 and 11.3%, respectively) to the shift. In conclusion, within the context of the global-warming hiatus, the strengthening of the summer monsoon is a critical climate factor that enhances carbon uptake in China due to the asymmetric response of photosynthesis and respiration. Our study not only revealed the shift in ecosystem carbon sequestration in China in recent decades, but also provides some insight for understanding ecosystem carbon dynamics in other monsoonal areas.
Allodynography: Reliability of a New Procedure for Objective Clinical Examination of Static Mechanical Allodynia
Authors: Packham Tara L , Spicher Claude J , MacDermid Joy C , Buckley Norman D 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Objective
There is a need for reliable and valid clinical assessment tools for quantifying allodynia in neuropathic pain. Allodynography has been proposed as a useful standardized procedure for clinical assessment of mechanical allodynia. This study (www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT02070367) undertook preliminary investigation of the measurement properties of allodynography, a new standardized clinical examination procedure for mapping the area of cutaneous allodynia.

Methods
Persons with pain in one upper extremity after complex regional pain syndrome, a peripheral nerve injury, or who had recently experienced a hand fracture were recruited for assessment of static mechanical allodynia (based on perception of a 15g force stimulus delivered by Semmes-Weinstein monofilament #5.18 as painful) by two raters at baseline; the assessment was repeated one week later.

Results
Single-measures estimates suggested inter-rater reliability for allodynography was excellent at an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.97 (N = 12); test–retest reliability was also excellent at ICC = 0.89 (N = 10) for allodynography (P &lt; 0.001 for both). Confidence intervals’ lower bounds confirm inter-rater reliability as excellent (0.90) but were less definitive for test–retest (0.59).

Conclusions
This preliminary study supports the inter-rater and test–retest reliability of allodynography. Studies on larger samples in multiple contexts and reporting other measurement properties are warranted.
Using Gossips to Spread Information: Theory and Evidence from Two Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Banerjee Abhijit , Chandrasekhar Arun G , Duflo Esther , Jackson Matthew O 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Can we identify highly central individuals in a network without collecting network data, simply by asking community members? Can seeding information via such nominated individuals lead to significantly wider diffusion than via randomly chosen people, or even respected ones? In two separate large field experiments in India, we answer both questions in the affirmative. In particular, in 521 villages in Haryana, we provided information on monthly immunization camps to either randomly selected individuals (in some villages) or to individuals nominated by villagers as people who would be good at transmitting information (in other villages). We find that the number of children vaccinated every month is 22% higher in villages in which nominees received the information. We show that people’s knowledge of who are highly central individuals and good seeds can be explained by a model in which community members simply track how often they hear gossip about others. Indeed, we find in a third data set that nominated seeds are central in a network sense, and are not just those with many friends or in powerful positions.
Corporate Investment and Innovation in the Presence of Competitor Constraints
Authors: Grieser William , Liu Zack 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
We study the relation between investment behavior and competitor financial constraints. Using interfirm patent citations and text-based product market similarities to identify intransitive competitor networks, we find that firms increase investment spending, patenting activity, and opportunistic hiring when competitor constraints become more binding. In addition, firms shift their investment composition (product market and patent portfolios) to compete more aggressively with relatively constrained competitors. To mitigate endogeneity concerns, we exploit the 2004 AJCA tax holiday and the 1989 junk bond crisis as exogenous shocks to competitor constraints, and we find similar effects.
Received August 11, 2017; editorial decision November 6, 2018 by Editor David Denis. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Dynamic Interpretation of Emerging Risks in the Financial Sector
Authors: Hanley Kathleen Weiss , Hoberg Gerard 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
We use computational linguistics to develop a dynamic, interpretable methodology that can detect emerging risks in the financial sector. Our model can predict heightened risk exposures as early as mid-2005, well in advance of the 2008 financial crisis. Risks related to real estate, prepayment, and commercial paper are elevated. Individual bank exposure strongly predicts returns, bank failures, and return volatility. We also document a rise in market instability since 2014 related to sources of funding and mergers and acquisitions. Overall, our model predicts the buildup of emerging risk in the financial system and bank-specific exposures in a timely fashion.
Received March 1, 2018; editorial decision November 18, 2018 by Editor Itay Goldstein.
The Fix Is In: Properly Backing out Backfill Bias
Authors: Jorion Philippe , Schwarz Christopher 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Researchers have long known about backfill bias in hedge fund databases. The most common treatments include either retaining all backfilled returns or truncating a fixed number of returns from each return series. However, we show that truncation largely preserves backfilled returns and document that either of these backfill treatments can lead to biased empirical findings, including cross-sectional results. Thus, our findings show that the best practice for empirical tests is to remove returns prior to the listing date. Because most databases do not have listing dates, we propose a novel method to infer unavailable listing dates.
Received August 19, 2018; editorial decision December 4, 2018 by Editor Wei Jiang.
Markers of angiogenesis and macrophage products for predicting disease course and monitoring vascular inflammation in giant cell arteritis
Authors: van Sleen Yannick , Sandovici Maria , Abdulahad Wayel H , Bijzet Johan , van der Geest Kornelis S M , Boots Annemieke M H , Brouwer Elisabeth 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Objective
GCA, a systemic vasculitis, is characterized by an IL-6-dependent acute-phase response. This response is typically suppressed by treatment rendering CRP/ESR unreliable for monitoring vascular inflammation. Also, there are no accurate biomarkers predicting a non-favourable disease course. Here we investigated macrophage products and markers of angiogenesis as biomarkers for prognosis and monitoring of vascular inflammation.

Methods
Forty-one newly diagnosed, glucocorticoid-naive GCA patients were prospectively followed for relapses and glucocorticoid requirement for a median of 30 months (range 0–71). Serum markers at baseline and during follow-up were compared with 33 age-matched healthy controls and 13 infection controls. Concentrations of IL-6, serum amyloid A, soluble CD163, calprotectin, YKL-40, VEGF, angiopoietin-1 and -2 and sTie2 were determined by ELISA/Luminex assay.

Results
Serum concentrations of all markers, but not angiopoietin-1, were elevated in GCA patients at baseline when compared with healthy controls. High VEGF (P = 0.0025) and angiopoietin-1 (P = 0.0174) and low YKL-40 (P = 0.0369) levels at baseline were predictive of a short time to glucocorticoid-free remission. Elevated angiopoietin-2 levels were associated with an imminent relapse during treatment (P < 0.05). IL-6 correlated strongly with acute-phase markers and soluble CD163 but not with markers of angiogenesis, YKL-40 or calprotectin. Glucocorticoid treatment down-modulated all markers except for calprotectin and YKL-40. Tissue expression of markers in temporal arteries was confirmed.

Conclusion
Markers of angiogenesis at baseline and during treatment predict GCA disease course, suggesting utility in patient stratification for glucocorticoid-sparing therapy. Calprotectin and YKL-40 are candidate markers for monitoring vessel wall inflammation.
Effects of spring administration of extended-release eprinomectin on fescue toxicosis, performance, and reproduction of fall-born beef heifers
Authors: Volk Mareah J , Kordas Jessica M , Stokes Rebecca S , Ireland Frank A , Shike Daniel W 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to assess the effects of eprinomectin, an extended-release injectable parasiticide, on fescue toxicosis and its impacts on beef heifer performance and reproduction. Fall-born Angus × Simmental heifers (age = 246.3 ± 22.4 d; 264.8 ± 21.1 kg body weight [BW]) were randomly assigned to one of two treatments: extended-release eprinomectin injection (ERE; n = 100) or control (CON; saline; n = 99). Treatments were administered at a rate of 1 mL/50 kg BW. Prior to experiment, heifers were dosed with oral fenbendazole to minimize parasite load. All heifers grazed endophyte-infected tall fescue as a single group and were offered a 50:50 supplement mix of corn gluten feed and soybean hulls (2.7 kg as fed per heifer per day). Body condition scores (BCS), BW, hair coat score (HCS), blood, and fecal samples were collected throughout the experiment. A subset of 40 heifers were randomly selected (20 per treatment) to assess respiration rate (RR). On d 138, heifers began a 14-d controlled internal drug release + prostaglandin synchronization protocol. Following artificial insemination (AI), heifers were exposed to five bulls for 71 d. On d 214 and 291, AI and overall pregnancy rates, respectively, were determined. There was a treatment × time interaction (P &lt; 0.01) for BW, BCS, and average daily gain (ADG). The ERE heifers had greater (P &lt; 0.04) BW and BCS compared to CON heifers from d 55 and 112, respectively. In addition, ERE heifers had greater (P ≤ 0.04) ADG from d 0 to 56, 56 to 112, 112 to 171, and 171 to 214; however CON heifers had greater (P &lt; 0.01) ADG from d 214 to 291. There was no treatment × time interaction or treatment difference (P ≥ 0.27) for HCS, RR, and serum prolactin concentrations. However, serum prolactin decreased (P &lt; 0.01) in all heifers over time. There was a treatment × time interaction (P&lt;0.01) for fecal egg counts (FEC). The FEC did not differ (P ≥ 0.32) on d −1 or 55; however, ERE heifers had decreased (P &lt; 0.01) FEC compared with CON heifers on d 111 (1.52 vs. 13.56 eggs per gram). The ERE heifers tended (P = 0.10) to have greater AI pregnancy rates (69% vs. 58%) and had greater (P = 0.01) overall pregnancy rates (84% vs. 68%) than CON heifers. Spring administration of extended-release eprinomectin improved BW, ADG, BCS, and AI and overall pregnancy rates in fall-born beef heifers. However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear, as there were minimal to no differences in HCS, RR, serum prolactin, and FEC.
A ‘Radical Project’: Youth Culture, Leisure, and Politics in 1980s Sheffield
Authors: Kenny Sarah 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The Leadmill, a cooperative arts centre and nightclub in Sheffield, opened in 1980. The venue sought to provide an accessible leisure space for the economically and socially marginalized, and received funding for this from Sheffield City Council. Focusing on the cultural policies of the new urban left Labour Council in Sheffield during the 1980s, this article explores the relationship between Sheffield City Council and the Leadmill. It builds on recent scholarship on the 1980s that has sought to look beyond Thatcherism as an explanation for the decade, and sheds light on the everyday experiences of living through this period. This article argues for the reinvigoration of local history, and demonstrates that an exploration of a site of community leisure unveils cooperation and engagement between groups with disparate and contradicting aims. It tells a different story of the 1980s, one that recognizes how Thatcherism allowed and in some cases enabled the creation of spaces within which its critics could thrive. It shows how a range of political dialogues were present in shaping the policies of local government, and how the longer tradition of state and market interaction was shaped by the specific social, economic, and political contexts of the decade. Above all, it challenges presentations of the 1980s that favour the hegemonic power of Thatcherism and the decade as one of the triumph of individualism.
Novel contributions to the peritrich family Vaginicolidae (Protista: Ciliophora), with morphological and phylogenetic analyses of poorly known species of Pyxicola, Cothurnia and Vaginicola
Authors: Lu Borong , Li Lifang , Hu Xiaozhong , Ji Daode , Al-Rasheid Khaled A S , Song Weibo 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The classification of loricate peritrich ciliates is difficult because of an accumulation of several taxonomic problems. In the present work, three poorly described vaginicolids, Pyxicola pusilla, Cothurnia ceramicola and Vaginicola tincta, were isolated from the surface of two freshwater/marine algae in China. In our study, the ciliature of Pyxicola and Vaginicola is revealed for the first time, demonstrating the taxonomic value of infundibular polykineties. The small subunit rDNA, ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2 region and large subunit rDNA of the above species were sequenced for the first time. Phylogenetic analyses based on these genes indicated that Pyxicola and Cothurnia are closely related. The present study suggested that the loricate species probably represent a distinct lineage in peritrich evolution and both genera Cothurnia and Thuricola are monophyletic. Pyxicola pusilla, Cothurnia ceramicola and Vaginicola tincta are recircumscribed.
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in the Setting of Electroconvulsive Therapy in a Patient With an Unsecured Cerebral Aneurysm
Authors: Gugger James J. , Dunn Lauren E. 
Published: February 2019

Objectives
The aim of the study was to report a case of a patient who experienced a fatal aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage during the course of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).

Methods
This is a case report and review of the literature.

Results
Electroconvulsive therapy is widely viewed as a safe and effective treatment for major depressive disorder; however, there remains some uncertainty regarding the safety of ECT in patients with cerebral aneurysms. Many cases exist documenting the safety of ECT in patients with both secured and unsecured cerebral aneurysms; however, these patients had aneurysms that were associated with a low (ie, ≤2.6%) 5-year cumulative rupture rate, whereas the patient in our case had an aneurysm associated with a 14.5% five-year cumulative rupture rate.

Conclusions
We stress that ECT should not be viewed as a universally safe procedure in patients with cerebral aneurysms and the 5-year cumulative aneurysm rupture rate should be used in the discussion of the risk-benefit ratio of ECT in patients with unsecured cerebral aneurysms.
Stereotactic electroencephalography in humans reveals multisensory signal in early visual and auditory cortices
Authors: Ferraro Stefania , Van Ackeren Markus J. , Mai Roberto , Tassi Laura , Cardinale Francesco , Nigri Anna , Bruzzone Maria Grazia , D’Incerti Ludovico , Hartmann Thomas , Weisz Nathan , Collignon Olivier 
Published: February 2019

AbstractUnequivocally demonstrating the presence of multisensory signals at the earliest stages of cortical processing remains challenging in humans. In our study, we relied on the unique spatio-temporal resolution provided by intracranial stereotactic electroencephalographic (SEEG) recordings in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy to characterize the signal extracted from early visual (calcarine and pericalcarine) and auditory (Heschl’s gyrus and planum temporale) regions during a simple audio-visual oddball task. We provide evidences that both cross-modal responses (visual responses in auditory cortex or the reverse) and multisensory processing (alteration of the unimodal responses during bimodal stimulation) can be observed in intracranial event-related potentials (iERPs) and in power modulations of oscillatory activity at different temporal scales within the first 150 ms after stimulus onset. The temporal profiles of the iERPs are compatible with the hypothesis that MSI occurs by means of direct pathways linking early visual and auditory regions. Our data indicate, moreover, that MSI mainly relies on modulations of the low-frequency bands (foremost the theta band in the auditory cortex and the alpha band in the visual cortex), suggesting the involvement of feedback pathways between the two sensory regions. Remarkably, we also observed high-gamma power modulations by sounds in the early visual cortex, thus suggesting the presence of neuronal populations involved in auditory processing in the calcarine and pericalcarine region in humans.
SquiggleKit: A toolkit for manipulating nanopore signal data
Authors: Ferguson James M. , Smith Martin A. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThe management of raw nanopore sequencing data poses a challenge that must be overcome to accelerate the development of new bioinformatics algorithms predicated on signal analysis. SquiggleKit is a toolkit for manipulating and interrogating nanopore data that simplifies file handling, data extraction, visualisation, and signal processing. Its modular tools can be used to reduce file numbers and memory footprint, identify poly-A tails, target barcodes, adapters, and find nucleotide sequence motifs in raw nanopore signal, amongst other applications. SquiggleKit serves as a bioinformatics portal into signal space, for novice and experienced users alike. It is comprehensively documented, simple to use, cross-platform compatible and freely available from (https://github.com/Psy-Fer/SquiggleKit).
Ancestral and neo-sex chromosomes contribute to population divergence in a dioecious plant
Authors: Beaudry Felix E.G. , Barrett Spencer C.H. , Wright Stephen I. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTEmpirical evidence from several animal groups suggests that sex chromosomes may disproportionately contribute to reproductive isolation. This occurs particularly when sex chromosomes are associated with turnover of sex determination systems resulting from structural rearrangements to the sex chromosomes. We investigated these predictions in the dioecious plantRumex hastatulus, which is comprised of populations of two sex chromosome cytotypes. Using population genomic analyses, we investigated the demographic history ofR. hastatulusand explored the contributions of ancestral and neo-sex chromosomes to population genetic divergence. Our study revealed that the cytotypes represented genetically divergent populations with evidence for historical but not contemporary gene flow between them. In agreement with classical predictions, we found that the ancestral X chromosome was disproportionately divergent compared with the rest of the genome. Excess differentiation was also observed on the Y chromosome, even when using measures of differentiation that control for differences in effective population size. Our estimates of the timing of the origin of the neo-sex chromosomes inR. hastatulusare coincident with cessation of gene flow, suggesting that the chromosomal fusion event that gave rise to the origin of the XYY cytotype may have also been a key driver of reproductive isolation.
Phytochemical evaluation, Embryotoxicity and Teratogenic effects of Curcuma longa extract in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Adekoya Alafiatayo Akinola , Lai Kok-Song , Syahida Ahmad , Mahmood Maziah , Shaharuddin Noor Azmi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCurcuma longa L. is a rhizome plant often used as traditional medicinal preparations in Southeast Asia. The dried powder is commonly known as cure-all herbal medicine with a wider spectrum of pharmaceutical activities. In spite of the widely reported therapeutic applications of C. longa, research on its safety and teratogenic effects on zebrafish embryos and larvae is still limited. Hence, this research was aimed to assess the toxicity of C. longa extract on zebrafish. Using a reflux flask, methanol extract of C. longa was extracted and the identification and quantification of total flavonoids were carried out with HPLC. Twelve fertilized embryos were selected to test the embryotoxicity and teratogenicity at different concentration points. The embryos were exposed to the extract in the E3M medium while the control was only exposed to E3M and different developmental endpoints were recorded with the therapeutic index calculated using the ratio of LC50/EC50. C. longa extract was detected to be highly rich in flavonoids with catechin, epicatechin and naringenin as the 3 most abundant with concentrations of 3,531.34, 688.70 and 523.83μg/mL respectively. The toxicity effects were discovered to be dose-dependent at dosage above 62.50μg/mL, while at 125.0μg/mL, mortality of embryos was observed and physical body deformities of larvae was recorded among the hatched embryos at higher concentrations. Teratogenic effect of the extract was severe at higher concentrations producing physical body deformities such as kink tail, bend trunk, enlarged yolk sac edema. Finally, the Therapeutic Index (TI) values calculated were approximately same for different concentration points tested. Overall, the result revealed that plants having therapeutic potential could also pose threats when consumed at higher doses especially on the embryos. Therefore, detailed toxicity analysis should be carried out on medicinal plants to ascertain their safety on the embryos and its development.