bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence of large genetic influences on dog ownership in the Swedish Twin Registry has implications for understanding domestication and health associations
Authors: Fall Tove , Kuja-Halkola Ralf , Dobney Keith , Westgarth Carri , Magnusson Patrik K. E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDogs were the first domesticated animal and, according to the archaeological evidence, have had a close relationship with humans for at least 15,000 years. Today, dogs are common pets in our society and have been linked to increased well-being and improved health outcomes in their owners. A dog in the family during childhood is associated with ownership in adult life. The underlying factors behind this association could be related to experiences or to genetic influences. We aimed to investigate the heritability of dog ownership in a large twin sample including all twins in the Swedish Twin Registry born between 1926 and 1996 and alive in 2006. Information about dog ownership was available from 2001 to 2016 from national dog registers. The final data set included 85,542 twins from 50,507 twin pairs with known zygosity, where information on both twins were available in 35,035 pairs. Structural equation modeling was performed to estimate additive genetic effects (the heritability), common/shared environmental, and unique/non-shared environmental effects. We found that additive genetic factors largely contributed to dog ownership, with heritability estimated at 57% for females and 51% for males. An effect of shared environmental factors was only observed in early adulthood. In conclusion, we show a strong genetic contribution to dog ownership in adulthood in a large twin study. We see two main implications of this finding: (1) genetic variation may have contributed to our ability to domesticate dogs and other animals and (2) potential pleiotropic effects of genetic variation affecting dog ownership should be considered in studies examining health impacts of dog ownership.
Toroidal metasurface resonances in microwave waveguides
Authors: Zografopoulos Dimitrios C. , Algorri José Francisco , Ferraro Antonio , García-Cámara Braulio , Sánchez-Pena José Manuel , Beccherelli Romeo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe theoretically investigate the possibility to load microwave waveguides with dielectric particle arrays that emulate the properties of infinite, two-dimensional, all-dielectric metasurfaces. First, we study the scattering properties and the electric and magnetic multipole modes of dielectric cuboids and identify the conditions for the excitation of the so-called anapole state. Based on the obtained results, we design metasurfaces composed of a square lattice of dielectric cuboids, which exhibit strong toroidal resonances. Then, three standard microwave waveguide types, namely parallel-plate waveguides, rectangular waveguides, and microstrip lines, loaded with dielectric cuboids are designed, in such a way that they exhibit the same resonant features as the equivalent dielectric metasurface. The analysis shows that parallel-plate and rectangular waveguides can almost perfectly reproduce the metasurface properties at the resonant frequency. The main attributes of such resonances are also observed in the case of a standard impedance-matched microstrip line, which is loaded with only a small number of dielectric particles. The results demonstrate the potential for a novel paradigm in the design of “metasurface-loaded” microwave waveguides, either as functional elements in microwave circuitry, or as a platform for the experimental study of the properties of dielectric metasurfaces.
Little evidence of reduced global tropical cyclone activity following recent volcanic eruptions
Authors: Camargo Suzana J. , Polvani Lorenzo M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe impact of volcanic aerosols on recent global tropical cyclone (TC) activity is examined in observations, reanalysis, and models (the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 - CMIP5 multi-model, and one single model large ensemble). In observations, we find a reduction of TC activity only in the North Atlantic following the last three strong volcanic eruptions; that signal, however, cannot be clearly attributed to volcanoes, as all three eruptions were simultaneous with El Niño events. In reanalyses, we find no robust impact of volcanic eruptions on potential intensity (PI) and genesis indices. In models, we find a reduction in PI after volcanic eruptions in the historical simulations, but this effect is significantly reduced when differences between the model environment and observations are accounted for. Morever, the CMIP5 multi-model historical ensemble shows no effect of volcanic eruptions on a TC genesis index. Finally, there is no robust and consistent reduction in recent TC activity following recent volcanic eruptions in a large set of synthetic TCs downscaled from these simulations. Taken together, these results show that in recent eruptions volcanic aerosols did not reduce global TC activity.
Robust skill of decadal climate predictions
Authors: Smith D. M. , Eade R. , Scaife A. A. , Caron L.-P. , Danabasoglu G. , DelSole T. M. , Delworth T. , Doblas-Reyes F. J. , Dunstone N. J. , Hermanson L. , Kharin V. , Kimoto M. , Merryfield W. J. , Mochizuki T. , Müller W. A. , Pohlmann H. , Yeager S. , Yang X. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThere is a growing need for skilful predictions of climate up to a decade ahead. Decadal climate predictions show high skill for surface temperature, but confidence in forecasts of precipitation and atmospheric circulation is much lower. Recent advances in seasonal and annual prediction show that the signal-to-noise ratio can be too small in climate models, requiring a very large ensemble to extract the predictable signal. Here, we reassess decadal prediction skill using a much larger ensemble than previously available, and reveal significant skill for precipitation over land and atmospheric circulation, in addition to surface temperature. We further propose a more powerful approach than used previously to evaluate the benefit of initialisation with observations, improving our understanding of the sources of skill. Our results show that decadal climate is more predictable than previously thought and will aid society to prepare for, and adapt to, ongoing climate variability and change.
Dry release transfer of graphene and few-layer h-BN by utilizing thermoplasticity of polypropylene carbonate
Authors: Kinoshita Kei , Moriya Rai , Onodera Momoko , Wakafuji Yusai , Masubuchi Satoru , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Machida Tomoki 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe demonstrate the dry release transfer of single-layer and bi-layer graphene and few-layer h-BN by utilizing poly(propylene) carbonate (PPC) films. Because of the strong adhesion between PPC and 2D materials around room temperature, we demonstrate that single-layer to few-layer graphene, as well as few-layer h-BN can be fabricated on a spin-coated PPC film/SiO2/Si substrate via the mechanical exfoliation method. In addition, we show that these single-layer to few-layer crystals are clearly distinguishable using an optical microscope with the help of optical interference. Because of the thermoplastic properties of PPC film, the adhesion between the 2D materials and PPC significantly decreases at about 70 °C. Therefore, by tuning the temperature, the graphene and h-BN flakes on PPC can be easily dry-transferred onto another h-BN substrate. We demonstrate the fabrication of encapsulated h-BN/graphene/h-BN devices and graphene/few-layer h-BN/graphene vertical-tunnel-junction devices using this method. Our finding provides a simple method for constructing high-quality graphene and h-BN-based van der Waals heterostructures with a minimum amount of polymer contamination.
Synthesis and photocatalytic activity of ultrathin two-dimensional porphyrin nanodisks via covalent organic framework exfoliation
Authors: Fan Zeyu , Nomura Kota , Zhu Mingshan , Li Xinxi , Xue Jiawei , Majima Tetsuro , Osakada Yasuko 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTwo dimensional polymers have emerged in recent years as useful materials for the development of catalysts for future energy demand. However, the synthesis of ultrathin organic two dimensional polymers is still limited and further development is necessary. Here we present the synthesis of nanometer-thick two-dimensional (2D) porphyrin polymer nanodisks via the exfoliation of covalent organic frameworks, and evaluate their performance in the hydrogen evolution reaction under irradiation with broadband light. The nanodisks are synthesized through the simultaneous axial coordination of pyridines and metal ions to produce 2D porphyrin nanodisks of 1 nm average thickness. Importantly, the polymer composite with platinum-reduced graphene oxide exhibits hydrogen evolution activity upon irradiation with visible and NIR light. These results represent the use of 2D ultrathin polymer nanodisks derived from covalent organic frameworks in heterogeneous photocatalytic processes.
The highest-energy cosmic-rays – the past, the present and the future
Authors: Watson Alan 
Published: May 2019

The greater part of this paper is concerned with a historical discussion of the development of the search for the origins of the highest-energy cosmic-rays together with a few remarks about future prospects.Additionally, in section 6, the situation with regard to the mass composition and energy spectrum at the highest energies is discussed. It is shown that the change of the depth of shower maximum with energy above 1 EeV, measured using the Telescope Array, is in striking agreement with similar results from the Auger Observatory. This implies that either the mean mass of cosmic rays is becoming heavier above ~4 EeV or that there is a change in details of the hadronic interactions in a manner such that protons masquerade as heavier nuclei. A long-standing controversy is thus resolved: the belief that pure protons dominate the mass distribution at the highest energies is no longer tenable.
Determination of the invisible energy of extensive air showers from the data collected at Pierre Auger Observatory
Authors: Mariazzi Analisa G. ,   for the Pierre Auger Collaboration
Published: May 2019

In order to get the primary energy of cosmic rays from their extensive air showers using the fluorescence detection technique, the invisible energy should be added to the measured calorimetric energy. The invisible energy is the energy carried away by particles that do not deposit all their energy in the atmosphere. It has traditionally been calculated using Monte Carlo simulations that are dependent on the assumed primary particle mass and on model predictions for neutrino and muon production.
In this work the invisible energy is obtained directly from events detected by the Pierre Auger Observatory. The method applied is based on the correlation of the measurements of the muon number at the ground with the invisible energy of the showers. By using it, the systematic uncertainties related to the unknown mass composition and to the high energy hadronic interaction models are significantly reduced, improving in this way the estimation of the energy scale of the Observatory.
Reiseberatung in der Kinderarztpraxis
Authors: Werner Tatjana 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Reisemedizinische Beratung ist in der kinderärztlichen Praxis ein häufiges Thema und umfasst, je nach Zielland, Reisestil und teilnehmenden Reisenden viele verschiedene Inhalte. Für nahezu alle Reisen ist eine Beratung zum Sonnenschutz sinnvoll, da den meisten Patienten weder die Wichtigkeit noch die angemessene Verwendung bekannt ist und die Informationen ebenso für heimatnahe Sonnenbäder gelten. Auch der Schutz vor Unfällen, Insekten, Würmern und giftigen Tieren spielt ebenso wie das Thema (Nahrungsmittel-)Hygiene an vielen Urlaubsorten eine große Rolle. Dazu sollte eine Aufklärung bezüglich impfpräventabler Erkrankungen entsprechend internationalen Leitlinien und Empfehlungen zu einer sinnvollen Ausstattung der Reiseapotheke inkl. homöpathischer Medikamente erfolgen.
Even non-experts identify non-dysplastic lesions in inflammatory bowel disease via chromoendoscopy: results of a screening program in real-life
Authors: Aladrén Beatriz , González-Lama Yago , García-Alvarado María , Sierra Mónica , Barrio Jésus , Vicente Vanesa , Hernández Luis , Velayos Benito , Garcia Lara , Relea Lucia , Suarez Patricia , Atienza Ramón , Vásquez Mónica , Fernández-Salazar Luis , Muñoz Fernando ,   on behalf of GEICYL (group of inflammatory bowel disease of Castilla y León)
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background and study aims Chromoendoscopy with targeted biopsy is the technique of choice for colorectal cancer screening in longstanding inflammatory bowel disease. We aimed to analyze results of a chromoendoscopy screening program and to assess the possibility of identifying low-risk dysplastic lesions by their endoscopic appearance in order to avoid histological analysis.
Materials and methods We retrospectively reviewed chromoendoscopies performed between February 2011 and June 2017 in seven Spanish hospitals in a standardized fashion. We analyzed the findings and the diagnostic yield of the Kudo pit pattern for predicting dysplasia.
Results A total of 709 chromoendoscopies (569 patients) were reviewed. Median duration of disease was 16.7 years (SD 8.1); 80.4 % had ulcerative colitis. A total of 2025 lesions (3.56 lesions per patient) were found; two hundred and thirty-two lesions were neoplastic (11.5 %) (223 were LGD (96.1 %), eight were HGD (3.4 %), and one was colorectal cancer (0.5 %). The correlation between dysplasia and Kudo pit patterns predictors of dysplasia (≥ III) was low, with an area under the curve of 0.649. Kudo I and II lesions were correctly identified with a high negative predictive value (92 %), even by non-experts. Endoscopic activity, Paris 0-Is classification, and right colon localization were risk factors for dysplasia detection, while rectum or sigmoid localization were protective against dysplasia.
Conclusions Chromoendoscopy in the real-life setting detected 11 % of dysplastic lesions with a low correlation with Kudo pit pattern. A high negative predictive value would prevent Kudo I and, probably, Kudo II biopsies in the left colon, reducing procedure time and avoiding complications.
Face validity of a synthetic papilla designed for biliary sphincterotomy training
Authors: van der Wiel Sophia , Koch Arjun , Bruno Marco 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is considered one of the most technically demanding endoscopic procedures. Still, limited data are available on simulators in ERCP training. Recently, the Boškoski-Costamagna ERCP Trainer was validated as a realistic training model by our study group. As an extension to this model, a novel synthetic papilla has been designed allowing to train biliary sphincterotomy. We aimed to determine the face validity of this synthetic papilla and its didactic value for training sphincterotomy.
Methods Expert participants, each with more a than 2500 ERCPs lifetime experience, were invited to perform a biliary sphincterotomy and fill out a questionnaire on the realism of the procedure and the didactic value.
Results A total of 40 ERCP experts were included, originating from 16 different countries. Experts’ opinion on realism of performing a biliary sphincterotomy was rated with a median of 7 on a 10-point Likert scale, resemblance of the performed maneuvers 8 and tactile feedback 7. When asked if the cutting was perceived as realistic, experts rated a 6 and the cutting result was rated 8. The potential of the cutting papilla as a training tool for novices was rated 4 on a 4-point scale and there was a high agreement among the experts to include the papilla in the training of novices (rating 4).
Conclusion This is the first synthetic papilla available for training sphincterotomy on the Boškoski-Costamagna ERCP Trainer and it demonstrates good face validity. ERCP experts highly agree on its didactic value and added value in the training curriculum of novice endoscopists.
Infektionen in der Schwangerschaft und frühen Kindheit
Authors: Kick Kerstin , Achenbach Peter 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Autoimmunerkrankung Typ-1-Diabetes ist durch einen Verlust der insulinproduzierenden Betazellen im Pankreas charakterisiert. Infektionen könnten potentielle Umweltfaktoren darstellen, die in genetisch prädisponierten Personen einen Autoimmunprozess gegen die Betazellen auslösen und/oder dessen Progression zum klinisch-manifesten Typ-1-Diabetes beschleunigen. Insbesondere für enterovirale Infektionen wurden Assoziationen mit der Entwicklung von Betazell-Autoimmunität und Typ-1-Diabetes nachgewiesen. Effektive Impfstrategien gegen Enteroviren könnten deshalb in Zukunft zur Prävention des Typ-1-Diabetes dienen.
Bioartifizielle Bauchspeicheldrüse und Xenotransplantation
Authors: Ludwig Barbara 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungEs erscheint heute realistisch zu postulieren, dass die Behandlung des Diabetes mellitus im nächsten Jahrzehnt durch die kombinierte und konzertierte Anwendung von pharmakologischen, technologischen und Zell-basierten Behandlungsstrategien revolutioniert werden könnte. Entscheidend dafür ist die Interaktion von an den Grundlagen orientierten und klinisch tätigen Wissenschaftlern auf den Gebieten der Zellbiologie, Immunologie, Transplantationsmedizin und Diabetologie, aber auch von Materialwissenschaftlern und Biotechnologen. Das Feld der Insel-Verkapselung könnte hier einen wichtigen Beitrag leisten und zur Etablierung einer einfachen und sicheren Therapie zur funktionellen Heilung des Diabetes beitragen.
Individuelle Bedürfnisse von Patienten mit unheilbarem Lungenkrebs im Krankheitsverlauf – eine qualitative Längsschnittstudie
Authors: Stanze Henrikje , Marx Gabriella , Schneider Nils , Nauck Friedemann 
Published: May 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Lungenkrebs wird häufig in einem fortgeschrittenen Stadium diagnostiziert und geht mit einer Vielzahl belastender Symptome einher. Um den Bedürfnissen der Patienten gerecht zu werden, ist eine vertiefte Kenntnis dieser Lebenssituation erforderlich.
Methodik Die qualitative prospektive Längsschnittstudie mit teilstrukturierten Leitfadeninterviews fand im Zeitraum von Februar 2013 bis Mai 2014 mit 4 Erhebungszeitpunkten statt. Insgesamt wurden 43 Interviews mit 17 Patienten geführt und ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse Patienten mit Lungenkrebs erfahren Belastungen wie körperliche Schwäche und Distress, die einen Autonomieverlust verdeutlichen. Aufbauend auf diesen Erfahrungen, möchten Patienten mit fortschreitender Erkrankung über die Fragen des zu erwartenden Krankheitsverlaufs aufgeklärt werden, um möglichen körperlichen sowie seelischen Belastungen durch eine gezielte medizinische aber auch lebensweltliche Vorausplanung entgegenwirken zu können. Die Analyse ergab vier Bedürfnistypen: 1) ‚Der emotional Handelnde‘, 2) ‚Der genügsame Einsame‘, 3) ‚Der gefangene Rationalist‘, 4) ‚Der soziale Kämpfer‘. Typenbedingt weisen die Patienten unterschiedliche Bedürfnisse darin auf, welche Themen sie partizipativ mitentscheiden möchten: bei Typ 2) und 4) kann nicht die Planung der nächsten tumortherapeutischen Schritte, sondern die Planung zur Bewältigung des alltäglichen Lebens im Fokus liegen.
Schlussfolgerung Patienten mit Lungenkrebs würde ein frühzeitiges und wiederholtes Gesprächsangebot nach dem Advance Care Planning-Konzept zugutekommen, um künftige Behandlungen nach ihren individuellen Bedürfnissen planen zu können.
Evaluation of Healthcare-Acquired Infection Rates in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit in Turkey
Authors: Ayar Ganime , Yakut Halil Ibrahim , Men Atmaca Yasemin , Emeksiz Serhat , Özkaya Parlakay Aslınur 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHealthcare-acquired infections (HAIs) have become a major concern and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs). The purpose of this study was to evaluate HAI rates as well as the rates of invasive device utilization at a PICU at a large tertiary care pediatric teaching hospital from a developing country over a 4-year period, and to compare findings with those of the National Health Safety Network United States, the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium, and Turkey's national HAI rates. An active prospective surveillance was performed at a tertiary care PICU from January 2014 to December 2017. It was especially analyzed for nosocomial infections, related to invasive devices: the central line catheter (CL), mechanical ventilator (MV), and the urinary catheter (UC). During the 4-year period, a total of 2,855 patient admissions and 30,499 patient-days were evaluated. The device-associated (DA)-HAI incidence density was 17.57 per 1,000 patient-days, and the incidence rate was 18.8 per 100 admissions. The most common site of the DA-HAIs was ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) with the highest rate (60.9%). The second was the central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLA-BSI) rate (24.8%). Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CA-UTI) rank third (14.3%). The HAI location was VAP in 187 patients (11.31/1,000 MV-days), CLA-BSI in 76 patients (4.39/1,000 CL-days), and CA-UTI in 44 patients (3.35/1,000 UC-days). The most frequent pathogens, isolated from the overall DA-HAIs as being causative microorganisms were Acinetobacter baumannii (23%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14%). Resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii to Carbapenem was 76.47%, and methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus was 50% at the pediatric ICU. This study reported data on incidence rates as well as pathogens of HAIs from a developing country's PICU, which may later supply useful data about other pediatric hospitals.
Resumption of Positive-Pressure Ventilation Devices for Obstructive Sleep Apnea following Transsphenoidal Surgery: An Institutional Experience of a Surgical Cohort
Authors: Gravbrot Nicholas , Jahnke Heidi , White William L. , Little Andrew S. 
Published: May 2019

Objectives Transsphenoidal surgery creates a skull base defect that may cause postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage or pneumocephalus. This study reviewed the institutional experience of a pituitary center in managing patients who use positive-pressure ventilation (PPV) devices for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) after transsphenoidal surgery, which risks disturbing the skull base repair.
Design Retrospective review.
Setting Pituitary referral center in a major metropolitan medical center.
Methods PPV was resumed at the discretion of the treatment team based on intraoperative findings and OSA severity. Perioperative complications related to resuming and withholding PPV were recorded.
Participants Transsphenoidal surgery patients with OSA using PPV devices.
Main Outcome Measures Intracranial complications before and after resuming PPV.
Results A total of 42 patients met the study criteria. Intraoperative CSF leakage was encountered and repaired in 20 (48%) patients. Overall, 38 patients resumed PPV (median: 3.5 weeks postsurgery; range: 0.14–52 weeks) and 4 patients did not resume PPV. Postoperatively, no patient experienced CSF leakage or pneumocephalus before or after resuming PPV. Four (10%) patients required temporary nocturnal supplemental oxygen at home, one patient was reintubated after a myocardial infarction, and one patient had a prolonged hospital stay due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation.
Conclusions Resuming PPV use after transsphenoidal surgery did not result in intracranial complications. However, delay in resuming PPV resulted in four patients requiring oxygen at home. We propose a preliminary PPV device management algorithm based on the size of the intraoperative CSF leak to facilitate future studies.