bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical manifestations of skin, lung and muscle diseases in dermatomyositis positive for anti‐aminoacyl tRNA synthetase antibodies
Authors: Fukamatsu Hiroko , Hirai Yoji , Miyake Tomoko , Kaji Tatsuya , Morizane Shin , Yokoyama Emi , Hamada Toshihisa , Oono Takashi , Koyama Yoshinobu , Norikane Seiichiro , Iwatsuki Keiji 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPatients with dermatomyositis positive for anti‐aminoacyl tRNA synthetase (ARS) antibodies, also known as antisynthetase syndrome (ASS), frequently present with mechanic's hand and interstitial lung disease (ILD). We first screened the antibody profiles of 59 patients with dermatomyositis, and then examined the cutaneous, muscular and pulmonary manifestations characteristic for patients with ASS. The anti‐ARS antibodies Jo‐1, PL‐7, PL‐12, EJ and KS, along with antibodies to TIF1‐γ, MDA5 and Mi‐2, were examined. Among the 59 patients, 20, 21, 15 and three patients were classified into the ASS, non‐ASS, myositis‐specific antibody‐negative and unknown groups, respectively. Five of 16 patients (31%) with ASS had six relatives with a history of collagen diseases, within the second degree of relationship, including two cases of dermatomyositis (vs the non‐ASS group, P = 0.018). Patients with ASS more frequently presented with fever and arthralgia, and had elevated levels of C‐reactive protein. Nine of the 11 finger lesions (82%) clinically diagnosed as mechanic's hands showed a psoriasiform tissue reaction. ILD was observed in 19 of 20 patients (95%) with ASS, and eight of 21 patients (38%) in the non‐ASS group, in which six patients possessed anti‐MDA5 antibody. Patients with ASS showed higher serum levels of muscle enzymes, and four of 12 patients (33%) had fasciitis‐dominant myopathy, while only one of 11 patients (9%) in the non‐ASS group had fasciitis‐dominant myopathy. Patients with ASS often present with a psoriasiform tissue reaction in the hand lesions and fasciitis‐dominant myopathy, and the relatives of those with ASS are at high risk for collagen diseases.
Environmental filtering underpins the island species—area relationship in a subtropical anthropogenic archipelago
Authors: Liu Jinliang , Matthews Thomas J. , Zhong Lei , Liu Jiajia , Wu Donghao , Yu Mingjian 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Numerous mechanisms have been proposed to explain the island species–area relationship (ISAR), including the passive sampling effect, the habitat diversity effect, ecological drift and a group of mechanisms jointly termed environmental filtering (or abiotic selection process). However, determining which of these hypotheses underpins the ISAR in a given system remains an open and controversial question, particularly with regards to the environmental filtering.

The effect of environmental filtering on the ISAR for woody plants was tested on 29 islands in a subtropical land‐bridge archipelago. Island area had a significant effect on species richness, while isolation was not found to have an effect. After controlling for the passive sampling effect and habitat diversity using a systematic sampling design, we found that a positive ISAR remained.

After controlling for island area and isolation, species richness was significantly affected by environmental conditions (e.g. total phosphorus, soil depth and bulk density).

When a null model was used that randomly assigned individuals to islands from the regional pool, the difference between the observed and expected richness was greater for smaller islands relative to larger islands.

Synthesis. Our results point to an overlooked role of environmental filtering in driving the island species–area relationship (ISAR). Consequently, our study highlights the importance of considering deterministic process in future analyses of the ISAR.
Models for training in Developing Groups: importing the traditional into unfamiliar cultures
Authors: Wiener Jan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe paper’s central focus is on the usefulness or not of taking established and well‐tried and tested models of training into cultures with different social, political and clinical attitudes. Beginning with the author’s description of necessary changes introduced to ensure the revival of her own institute, the Society of Analytical Psychology, the author goes on to explore issues relevant to different aspects of training in countries where the IAAP runs its own training, known as the ‘Router Programmes’. Here, analysts, teachers and supervisors visiting other cultures to offer their expertise may experience clashes in their views about the nature of the analytic attitude, not only with those they train but also amongst themselves.
Cultural identity in Siberia and in analytical practice
Authors: Zabelina Vera 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper discusses the main features of Siberian identity formed throughout the historical development of Siberia under the influence of social, economic, geographical, climatic, and other factors. Siberian cultural identity is closely connected with the mythology and ancient religion of the indigenous peoples of Siberia – shamanism, whose rituals, images, symbols, and motifs are often manifested in the clients’ dreams. Following an in‐depth study of Siberian history and culture, I formulate a complex of homelessness rooted in a deep collective trauma that left its imprint on people’s psyche. Three clinical cases presented in the paper reveal a deep relationship between cultural complexes and collective traumas on the one hand, and individual complexes and traumas, on the other. My psychotherapeutic practice shows that a client’s awareness of their history and culture brings them closer to the meaning and source of their suffering, which, in turn, helps them find their own way of individuation, rather than relive the transgenerational trauma of their ancestors.
Functional outcome and management pathways for adult patients presenting to an Australian health service with distal radius fracture
Authors: Meek Robert , Sundaralingam Ananth , Shen Matthew , Sundaralingam Aravinthan , Sorace Laurence 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivePrimarily to determine mid‐term functional outcome for patients with distal radius fracture (DRF) and to compare this between operative and conservatively managed patients. Secondarily to examine for differences in age, gender and number of instability factors between management groups.MethodsEligible patients (age 18 years or more, closed DRF managed to completion of care within Monash Health), presenting between 1 January and 31 December 2016. Completion of the patient‐rated wrist evaluation (PRWE) questionnaire was sought at 6–12 months post‐injury. Management was noted (operative or conservative). Age, sex and number of defined instability factors present (dorsal angulation >20°, intra‐articular fracture, associated ulna fracture, dorsal comminution, radial shortening >2 mm) are reported and compared between management groups.ResultsOf 369 eligible patients, 199 (54%) completed a PRWE. Median age was 60 years (interquartile range [IQR] 45–71), 150 (75%) were women, median number of instability factors present was 2 (IQR 1–4) and 45 (23%) underwent operative management. Difference in PRWE scores between operative and conservatively managed patients was not significant (20 [IQR 7–36] vs 16 [IQR 5–35]). Differences in age and gender between management groups were not significant. Significantly more in the operative group had presence of four or more instability factors (44% [95% confidence interval 30–60] vs 20% [14–27]).ConclusionThe mid‐term median PRWE score was 18 (IQR 5–36). This was not significantly different between operative and conservatively managed patients. Operation was more likely when four or more instability factors were present.
Tumor tissue and plasma levels of AXL and GAS6 before and after tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment in EGFR‐mutated non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: Nonagase Yoshikane , Takeda Masayuki , Azuma Koichi , Hayashi Hidetoshi , Haratani Koji , Tanaka Kaoru , Yonesaka Kimio , Ishii Hidenobu , Hoshino Tomoaki , Nakagawa Kazuhiko 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundNon‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) positive for activating mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene is initially sensitive to EGFR‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) but eventually develops resistance to these drugs. Upregulation of the receptor tyrosine kinase AXL in tumor tissue has been detected in about one‐fifth of NSCLC patients with acquired resistance to EGFR‐TKIs. However, the clinical relevance of the levels of AXL and its ligand GAS6 in plasma remains unknown.MethodsTumor tissue and plasma specimens were collected from 25 EGFR‐mutated NSCLC patients before EGFR‐TKI treatment or after treatment failure. The levels of AXL and of GAS6 mRNA in tumor tissue were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and chromogenic in situ hybridization, respectively. The plasma concentrations of AXL and GAS6 were measured with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays.ResultsAXL expression was detected in three of 12 (25%) and nine of 19 (47%) tumor specimens obtained before and after EGFR‐TKI treatment, respectively. All tumor specimens assayed were positive for GAS6 mRNA. The median values for the plasma AXL concentration before and after EGFR TKI treatment were 1 635 and 1 460 pg/mL, respectively, and those for the plasma GAS6 concentration were 4 615 and 6 390 pg./mL, respectively. There was no significant correlation between the plasma levels of AXL or GAS6 and the corresponding expression levels in tumor tissue.ConclusionPlasma concentrations of AXL and GAS6 do not reflect tumor expression levels, and their measurement is thus not a viable alternative to direct analysis of tumor tissue in EGFR‐mutated NSCLC.
Rapid spatial risk modelling for management of early weed invasions: Balancing ecological complexity and operational needs
Authors: Froese Jens G. , Pearse Alan R. , Hamilton Grant 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

When an invasive alien ‘weed’ emerges in a previously uninhabited landscape, land managers must respond quickly to facilitate effective eradication or containment, and minimize long‐term negative impacts. However, on‐ground management decisions are often made under time, knowledge and capacity constraints. Spatially explicit tools for assessing invasion risk rapidly and under uncertainty would help land managers to better target interventions.

We developed a generic methodology that integrates (a) interactions between ecological risk factors and invasion processes affecting both the potential suitability for population growth and the actual susceptibility to propagule introduction from source populations with (b) spatially explicit data in (c) a probabilistic Bayesian network modelling framework. Our methods focused on the operational needs of land mangers responding to weed incursions, streamlining data and knowledge collection, simplifying model calibration, and facilitating adoption via a collection of user‐friendly web apps called riskmapr.

We tested the generality of our methodology on two contrasting weeds (the rainforest tree Cecropia spp. and the cactus Cylindropuntia rosea) that are targeted for containment and local eradication in Queensland, Australia. Case study models were calibrated from published knowledge about abiotic and biotic factors affecting suitability for, and susceptibility to, weed invasion. Validation of annual risk maps against weed detections in subsequent years showed that models accurately predicted the field‐observed progression of each invasion to date.

We developed a rapid spatial risk modelling methodology that is theoretically comprehensive and practically simple. Our streamlined methods and open access implementation using riskmapr facilitate adoption by land managers. Models and risk maps can be used to target interventions or improve spatially explicit understanding of the risk factors and processes driving early weed invasions.
A neurobiological correlate of stress‐induced nicotine‐seeking behavior among cigarette smokers
Authors: Woodcock Eric A. , Stanley Jeffrey A. , Diwadkar Vaibhav A. , Khatib Dalal , Greenwald Mark K. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractStress is known to influence smoking relapse. Experimental studies indicate that acute stress increases nicotine‐seeking behavior, yet neurobiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. Herein, we investigated disrupted excitatory neural activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) as a mechanism of stress‐induced nicotine‐seeking behavior. Non–treatment‐seeking cigarette smokers were screened for psychiatric, medical, and neuroimaging contraindications. Using a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized crossover design, participants (N = 21) completed two oral‐dosing sessions: stress (yohimbine 54 mg + hydrocortisone 10 mg) vs placebo (lactose 54 mg + lactose 10 mg). During each experimental session, working memory proficiency, dlPFC excitatory neural activity, nicotine‐seeking behavior, and subjective effects were measured. dlPFC excitatory neural activity was quantified via glutamate modulation during working memory performance using functional proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Nicotine‐seeking behavior was assayed using a cigarette puffs vs money choice progressive ratio task. Results indicated that yohimbine + hydrocortisone evoked a sustained physiological stress response (elevated heart rate, blood pressure, saliva cortisol, and saliva α‐amylase levels; ps < .05). Relative to placebo levels, acute stress increased nicotine‐seeking behavior (ps < .05), disrupted dlPFC glutamate modulation (p = .025), and impaired dlPFC function (working memory proficiency; ps < .05). The stress‐induced increase in nicotine‐seeking behavior was linearly related to the stress‐induced disruption of dlPFC glutamate modulation (R2 = 0.24‐0.37; ps < .05). These findings suggest that disrupted dlPFC excitatory neural activity is a neurobiological correlate of acute stress‐induced nicotine‐seeking behavior. These findings further emphasize the central role of the dlPFC in regulating drug‐seeking behavior. Future studies are needed to evaluate interventions to improve dlPFC resilience to acute stress effects, including neurostimulation, working memory training, and “anti‐stress” medications.
Argentinian clinical genomics in a leukodystrophies and genetic leukoencephalopathies cohort: Diagnostic yield in our first 9 years
Authors: Cohen Leila , Manín Analisa , Medina Nancy , Rodríguez‐Quiroga Sergio , González‐Morón Dolores , Rosales Julieta , Amartino Hernan , Specola Norma , Córdoba Marta , Kauffman Marcelo , Vega Patricia 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroduction and objectivesLeukodystrophies and genetic leukoencephalopathies constitute a vast group of pathologies of the cerebral white matter. The large number of etiopathogenic genes and the frequent unspecificity on the clinical‐radiological presentation generate remarkable difficulties in the diagnosis approach. Despite recent and significant developments, molecular diagnostic yield is still less than 50%. Our objective was to develop and explore the usefulness of a new diagnostic procedure using standardized molecular diagnostic tools, and next‐generation sequencing techniques.Materials and methodsA prospective, observational, analytical study was conducted in a cohort of 46 patients, evaluated between May 2008 and December 2016, with a suspected genetic leukoencephalopathy or leukodystrophy. A diagnostic procedure was set up using classical monogenic tools in patients with characteristic phenotypes, and next‐generation techniques in nonspecific ones.ResultsGlobal diagnostic procedure yield was 57.9%, identifying the etiological pathogenesis in 22 of the 38 studied subjects. Analysis by subgroups, Sanger method, and next‐generation sequencing showed a yield of 64%, and 46.1% respectively. The most common pathologies were adrenoleukodystrophy, cerebral autosomal‐dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts (CADASIL), and vanishing white matter disease.ConclusionsOur results confirm the usefulness of the proposed diagnostic procedure expressed in a high diagnostic yield and suggest a more optimal cost‐effectiveness in an etiological analysis phase.
Patterns of immediate breast reconstruction in New South Wales, Australia: a population‐based study
Authors: Feng Yingyu , Flitcroft Kathy , van Leeuwen Marina T. , Elshaug Adam G. , Spillane Andrew , Pearson Sallie‐Anne 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundThe rate of immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) following mastectomy for breast cancer in Australia is low and varies between regions. To date, no previous Australian studies have examined IBR rates between all hospitals within a particular jurisdiction, despite hospitals being an important known contributor to variation in IBR rates in other countries.MethodsWe used cross‐classified random‐effects logistic regression models to examine the inter‐hospital variation in IBR rates by using data on 7961 women who underwent therapeutic mastectomy procedures in New South Wales (NSW) between January 2012 and June 2015. We derived IBR rates by patient‐, residential neighbourhood‐ and hospital‐related factors and investigated the underlying drivers for the variation in IBR.ResultsWe estimated the mean IBR rate across all hospitals performing mastectomy to be 17.1% (95% Bayesian credible interval (CrI) 12.1–23.1%) and observed wide inter‐hospital variation in IBR (variance 4.337, CrI 2.634–6.889). Older women, those born in Asian countries (odds ratio (OR) 0.5, CrI 0.4–0.6), residing in neighbourhoods with lower socioeconomic status (OR 0.7, CrI 0.5–0.8 for the most disadvantaged), and who underwent surgery in public hospitals (OR 0.4, CrI 0.1–1.0) were significantly less likely to have IBR. Women residing in non‐metropolitan areas and attending non‐metropolitan hospitals were significantly less likely to undergo IBR than their metropolitan counterparts attending metropolitan hospitals.ConclusionWide inter‐hospital variation raises concerns about potential inequities in access to IBR services and unmet demand in certain areas of NSW. Explaining the underlying drivers for IBR variation is the first step in identifying policy solutions to redress the issue.
Review article: the role of the autonomic nervous system in the pathogenesis and therapy of IBD
Authors: Mogilevski Tamara , Burgell Rebecca , Aziz Qasim , Gibson Peter R. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryBackgroundThere is a growing body of evidence implicating a role for the brain‐gut axis in the pathogenesis of inflammation in patients with IBD.AimsTo perform a narrative review of published literature regarding the association of the autonomic nervous system and intestinal inflammation and to describe the rationale for and emerging use of autonomic manipulation as a therapeutic agentMethodsCurrent relevant literature was summarised and critically examined.ResultsThere is substantial pre‐clinical and clinical evidence for a multifaceted anti‐inflammatory effect of the vagus at both systemic and local intestinal levels. It acts via acetylcholine‐mediated activation of α‐7‐acetylcholine receptors involving multiple cell types in innate and adaptive immunity and the enteric nervous system with subsequent protective influences on the intestinal barrier, inflammatory mechanisms and the microbiome. In patients with IBD, there is evidence for a sympatho‐vagal imbalance, functional enteric neuronal depletion and hyporeactivity of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis. Direct or transcutaneous vagal neuromodulation up‐regulates the cholinergic anti‐inflammatory pathway in pre‐clinical and clinical models with down‐regulation of systemic and local intestinal inflammation. This is supported by two small studies in Crohn's disease although remains to be investigated in ulcerative colitis.ConclusionsModulating the cholinergic anti‐inflammatory pathway influences inflammation both systemically and at a local intestinal level. It represents a potentially underutilised anti‐inflammatory therapeutic strategy. Given the likely pathogenic role of the autonomic nervous system in patients with IBD, vagal neuromodulation, an apparently safe and successful means of increasing vagal tone, warrants further clinical exploration.
Cobalt accumulation in horses following repeated administration of cobalt chloride
Authors: Wenzel RG , Major D , Hesp KF , Hall E , Doble P 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo monitor cobalt concentrations in urine, red blood cells and plasma after chronic parenteral administration of cobalt chloride evaluate these results against the current International Federation of Horseracing Authorities thresholds for detecting cobalt misuse.DesignEight mares were randomly assigned to four treatment groups, with two mares in each group: Group 1 – control group, Group 2 – 25 milligrams cobalt intravenously as CoCl2 weekly, Group 3 – 50 milligrams cobalt intravenously as CoCl2 weekly, and Group 4 – 25 milligrams cobalt intravenously mid‐week and at the end of the week. Urine and blood samples were collected before each weekly administration so that trough levels were assessed. In the group receiving two doses per week, urine and blood were collected prior to the dose given at the end of each week. Samples were initially collected at time zero then weekly for 10 weeks. Three further collections of urine and blood were made at days 81, 106 and 127.MethodsUrine creatinine measurements to assess horse hydration status were performed by the Jaffe reaction method. Cobalt determinations in plasma, blood and urine were by inductively coupled plasma—mass spectrometry. Haematocrit concentrations, used to calculate red cell cobalt levels, were performed using a microhematocrit centrifuge. Statistical analyses were conducted in Genstat (v17, VSNi).ResultsMarked cobalt accumulation was evident with increasing cobalt concentrations for all sample matrices in specimens collected immediately prior to cobalt administration. Correlation between the sample matrices improved when urine cobalt concentration was adjusted for creatinine level. Red cell cobalt levels remained elevated for at least 12 weeks after cessation of administration, consistent with the lifespan of the red cell. There was no significant change in haematocrit concentrations for the duration of the study.ConclusionThe current urine cobalt threshold was only effective at detecting acute cobalt exposure while the plasma cobalt threshold was able to consistently identify chronic high‐level cobalt exposure and potential cobalt misuse. The threshold values legislated for urine cobalt do not correlate with those set for plasma. The acute nature of urinary cobalt excretion provides a relatively small window through which cobalt administration is detected. Plasma and red cell cobalt concentrations can provide a clearer picture of potential cobalt misuse.