bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physician–patient communication and patient‐reported outcomes in the actinic keratosis treatment adherence initiative (AK‐TRAIN): a multicenter, prospective, real‐life study of treatment satisfaction, quality of life and adherence to topical field‐directed therapy for the treatment of actinic keratosis in Italy
Authors: Neri L. , Peris K. , Longo C. , Calvieri S. , Frascione P. , Parodi A. , Eibenschuz L. , Bottoni U. , Pellacani G. ,   the Actinic Keratosis – TReatment Adherence INitiative (AK‐TRAIN) study group
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundPatients with multiple actinic keratoses (AKs) should be treated with field‐directed therapy. Such treatments challenge patients’ adherence due to out‐of‐pocket costs, length of treatment and severity of local skin reactions (LSRs). Effective physician–patient communication (PPC) may buffer therapy‐related distress, thus improving quality of life, treatment satisfaction and adherence.ObjectivesWe evaluated the interplay between PPC, LSR intensity (safety) and lesion clearance rates (effectiveness) on treatment satisfaction, quality of life and treatment adherence among patients with multiple AKs receiving topical field‐directed therapies.MethodsIn this observational, multicentre, longitudinal, cohort study, we included 1136 adult patients with discrete, clinically detectable, visible, multiple (three or more lesions in a 25 cm2 area), Grade I/II AKs, for whom the attending dermatologist has prescribed treatment with a topical field‐directed therapy. We matched self‐reported data and medical information recorded by dermatologists in standard clinical forms. Patients were followed up at two time points (T1: 8 days; T2: 25–30 days)ResultsMost patients were elderly, married, men with poor socio‐economic status and multiple lesions of the scalp or face. The majority (n = 961) had a prescription of ingenol mebutate (IMB) and 175 received either diclofenac 3% in hyaluronic acid (DHA) or imiquimod 5% (IMQ). Clearance rate at 1 month was 84%. Most patients felt very supported (n = 819, 73%) and rated dermatologist's explanations very clear (n = 608, 54%). Treatment satisfaction (effectiveness and convenience scales) increased along the follow‐up, especially for those on IMB (Δpre‐post = −4.00; other: Δpre‐post = −0.25; interaction P < 0.001). Communication clarity was associated with higher treatment satisfaction scores (β = 0.4–0.6, P < 0.01) and lower risk of non‐adherence among IMB patients (risk difference: 16%, P < 0.01).ConclusionCommunication clarity was associated with patient‐reported outcomes and adherence beyond AK‐related clinical parameters. Our study questions the current episodic approach to AK management and provides the rationale to develop chronic care models fostering patients’ engagement and treatment alliance.
Optical properties of contemporary monolithic CAD‐CAM restorative materials at different thicknesses
Authors: Gunal Burcu , Ulusoy M. Mutahhar 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis study evaluated the optical properties of contemporary monolithic CAD‐CAM materials with different chemical compositions.Materials and methodsTotally, 210 rectangular‐shaped, A2 shade specimens (12 × 14 mm) were fabricated from VITA Suprinity T, VITA Enamic T, VITA Mark II, GC Cerasmart LT, Lava Ultimate LT, IPS e.max CAD LT and Prettau Anterior blocks and polished to thicknesses of 0.5 ± 0.01 and 1.0 ± 0.01 mm (n = 15 each material). A dental spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade Compact) was used to calculate the translucency parameter (TP) and opalescence parameter (OP) values of all tested materials. Statistical analysis was performed using one‐way analysis of variance, multiple comparison Tukey's test and independent samples t‐test (P = .05).ResultsIn the 0.5‐mm thickness group, GC Cerasmart and Prettau Anterior had the highest and lowest translucency values, respectively. VITA Suprinity had the highest OP value, whereas VITA Mark II and Prettau Anterior had the lowest OP values. In the 1.0‐mm thickness group, GC Cerasmart and Lava Ultimate had the highest translucency, whereas Prettau Anterior had the lowest translucency. VITA Suprinity and Prettau Anterior had the highest and lowest OP values, respectively.ConclusionsThe optical properties of monolithic restorative materials were influenced by the type and thickness of the material used.Clinical SignificanceAccording to the results of this study, monolithic materials with different chemical compositions have revealed different optical properties. To obtain esthetic restorations and provide shade matching with natural dentition especially for anterior teeth, monolithic materials should be carefully chosen.
Effects of a warm hand bath on the blood flow in the shoulder, skin and deep body temperature, autonomic nervous activity, and subjective comfort in healthy women: An experimental cross‐over trial
Authors: Kudo Yukiko , Sasaki Makiko , Kikuchi Yukiko , Sugiyama Reiko , Hasebe Makiko , Ishii Noriko 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimThe present study was conducted in order to clarify the effects of a warm hand bath at 40°C for 10 min on the blood flow in the shoulder, skin and deep body temperature, autonomic nervous activity, and subjective comfort in healthy women.MethodsThe study's participants were 40 healthy adult women who were randomly assigned to either a structured hand bath first and no hand bath second (Group A) or to no hand bath first and a hand bath second (Group B). The blood flow in the shoulder, skin and deep body temperature, autonomic nervous activity, and subjective comfort then were recorded in all the participants.ResultsA repeated‐measures ANOVA revealed no significant difference in the blood flow in the right shoulder or deep body temperature between groups. The skin temperature of the hands, forearms, and arms was significantly increased, but not of the face and upper back. The skin temperature of the forearms was maintained at 0.5°C–1°C higher for 30 min in the hand bath group, compared with the no hand bath group. The hand bath group had a significantly higher heart rate while bathing and a significantly lower parasympathetic nerve activity level during bathing. No significant difference was seen in the sympathetic activity level between groups. The hand bath group had a significantly higher subjective comfort level.ConclusionHand baths can improve the level of subjective comfort and increase the heart rate and might affect autonomic nervous activity. The skin temperature of the forearms was maintained for 30 min in the hand bath group.
Dual functional bioactive‐peptide,AIMP1‐derived peptide (AdP), for anti‐aging
Authors: Kim Jina , Kang Sujin , Kwon HanJin , Moon HoSang , Park Min Chul 
Published: June 2018

SummaryBackgroundHuman skin aging is caused by several factors, such asUVirradiation, stress, hormone, and pollution. Wrinkle formation and skin pigmentation are representative features of skin aging. AlthoughEGFand arbutin are used as anti‐wrinkle and skin whitening agents, respectively, they have adverse effects on skin. When more cosmeceutical ingredients are added to cosmetic product, adverse effects are also accumulated. For these reasons, multifunctional and safe cosmetic ingredients are in demand. The aim of the present study is to investigate the novel anti‐aging agents,AIMP1‐derived peptide (AdP,INCIname: sh‐oligopeptide‐5/sh‐oligopeptideSP) for cosmetic products.MethodsTo assess the anti‐wrinkle effect of AdP, collagen type I synthesis and fibroblast proliferation were determined on human fibroblasts. The anti‐wrinkle effect of AdP was examined byELISAand cell titer glo assay. To assess the whitening, melanin content and tyrosinase activity were determined on melanocytes. The whitening effect of AdP was examined by melanin measurement and enzyme activity assay. The safety of AdP was determined by cytotoxicity and immunogenicity,CCK‐8 andTNF‐αELISAassay, respectively.ResultsAdP treatment induced the collagen type I synthesis and fibroblast proliferation. Also, AdP treatment inhibited melanin synthesis by regulating tyrosinase activity. The anti‐aging effect of AdP is more potent thanEGFand albutin. AdP did not show adverse effects.ConclusionThese results show that AdP can be dual functional and safe cosmeceutical agent to prevent skin aging.
The art of balance: Preceptors’ experiences of caring for deteriorating patients
Authors: Della Ratta Carol 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimTo explore nurse preceptors’ experiences of caring for deteriorating patients while providing guidance and supervision to a new graduate nurse.BackgroundFostering novice nurse development during high‐stakes encounters may be challenging for preceptors. Despite myriad preceptor literature, there is limited published research on experience of caring for deteriorating patients while serving as preceptor to a novice nurse.DesignQualitative interpretive phenomenological analysis.MethodData were collected through one‐on‐one, semistructured interviews between August 2016–September 2017 until data saturation occurred. Diekelmann's method was used to analyse the narratives of the purposive sample of 11 nurse preceptors.ResultsThe findings reveal the experience of preceptors as they balanced their role as nurse with preceptor role to ensure patient safety and novice nurse development. Supporting the novice to care portrays the ways preceptors facilitated novice nurse development in caring for deteriorating patients. Impacting the preceptor role was remembering their own novice experience. Knowing when to step in was influenced by the preceptor's clinical expertise as they came to know (or not) when it was necessary for them to assume care of the patient. Debriefing: an essential preceptor tool emerged as a critical aspect of the experience to review technical aspects of care, vent emotions and provide evaluative feedback and reassurance to the novice.ConclusionPreceptors’ experiences of caring for deteriorating patients while precepting novice nurses require a balancing of roles to ensure patient safety and novice nurse development. Preceptors’ clinical expertise was critical in knowing when to step in and assume care of the patient.Relevance to clinical practiceCaring for deteriorating patients while serving as preceptor to novice nurses requires clinical expertise to ensure patient safety and novice nurse development. Clinical leaders may use the findings from this study to improve preceptor development and support.
Political Representation and Governance: Evidence from the Investment Decisions of Public Pension Funds
Authors: ANDONOV ALEKSANDAR , HOCHBERG YAEL V. , RAUH JOSHUA D. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTRepresentation on pension fund boards by state officials—often determined by statute decades past—is negatively related to the performance of private equity investments made by the pension fund, despite state officials’ relatively strong financial education and experience. Their underperformance appears to be partly driven by poor investment decisions consistent with political expediency, and is also positively related to political contributions from the finance industry. Boards dominated by elected rank‐and‐file plan participants also underperform, but to a smaller extent and due to these trustees’ lesser financial experience.
Clinicopathological analysis of oral plasmablastic lymphoma: A systematic review
Authors: Rodrigues‐Fernandes Carla Isabelly , de Souza Lucas Lacerda , Santos‐Costa Sara Ferreira dos , Silva André Myller Barbosa , Pontes Hélder Antônio Rebelo , Lopes Márcio Ajudarte , de Almeida Oslei Paes , Brennan Peter A. , Fonseca Felipe Paiva 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundPlasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a high‐grade lymphoma that often affects the oral cavity of HIV‐positive patients; however, its prognostic determinants remain unknown.PurposeTo integrate the available data on oral PBL to determine its clinicopathological features and to identify potential prognostic factors.MethodsAn electronic systematic review was performed using multiple databases with a specific search strategy in February 2018. Inclusion criteria comprised cases diagnosed as PBL affecting the oral cavity and gnathic bones with sufficient data to confirm the diagnoses.ResultsA total of 70 publications were included, representing 153 cases. Oral PBL predominantly affected HIV‐positive males (76.4%). EBV was observed in 63.4% of the cases. The gingiva was the most involved site and the lesion usually presented as an asymptomatic swelling. Most cases were classified as stage I (21.6%), and chemotherapy alone was applied in 28.8% of the cases. There was a significant association between HIV and EBV infections, and cases affecting HIV‐negative patients were more common in older individuals. Cumulative survival of the patients achieved 42.4% and 33.5% after 2 and 5 years, respectively. Although there were no statistically significant clinicopathological parameters in the univariate analysis, the multivariate Cox regression model demonstrated that EBV‐positive status, presence of B‐symptoms, and chemotherapy alone were independent prognostic determinants of a poor prognosis.ConclusionOral PBL is an aggressive neoplasm with low survival rates, which is influenced by the presence of EBV, presence of B‐symptoms, and with the use of chemotherapy only.
Amenities, affordability, and housing vouchers
Authors: Bieri David S. , Dawkins Casey J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAgainst the background of an emerging rental affordability crisis, we examine how the standard rule that households should not spend more than 30% of their income on housing expenditures leads to inefficiencies in the context of federal low‐income housing policy. We quantify how the current practice of locally indexing individual rent subsidies in the Housing Choice Voucher (HCV) program regardless of quality‐of‐life conditions implicitly incentivizes recipients to live in high‐amenity areas. We also assess a novel scenario for housing policy reform that adjusts subsidies by the amenity expenditures of low‐income households, permitting national HCV program coverage to increase.
Flagella and Pili of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines are associated with motility, biofilm formation and virulence on soybean
Authors: Athinuwat Dusit , Brooks Siraprapa , Burr Thomas J. , Prathuangwong Sutruedee 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTargeted mutations in flgK, and pilD genes in strain KU‐P‐SW005 of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines, the cause of pustule disease on soybean, led to altered motility phenotypes. The flgK mutants lacked a monopolar flagellum and lost swimming motility, whereas the pilD mutant lacked type IV pili and was unable to move via twitching, a form of surface motility not previously reported for this pathogen. The flgK and pilD mutants were also altered in biofilm production. The flgK and pilD mutants caused reduced disease in susceptible soybean cultivars Spencer when compared to KU‐P‐SW005. Cell counts of the flgK and pilD mutants on plants remained equivalent to KU‐P‐SW005 10 days after inoculation. Complementation of flgK and pilD mutants restored all phenotypes to wild‐type levels. Therefore, flgK and pilD genes that are required for swimming and twitching motility also affected biofilm formation and virulence on soybean.
Influence of vitamin E on organic matter fermentation, ruminal protein and fatty acid metabolism, protozoa concentrations and transfer of fatty acids
Authors: Schäfers Stephanie , Meyer Ulrich , von Soosten Dirk , Krey Britta , Hüther Liane , Tröscher Arnulf , Pelletier Wolf , Kienberger Hermine , Rychlik Michael , Dänicke Sven 
Published: June 2018

AbstractVitamin E (Vit. E) is discussed to influence ruminal biohydrogenation. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of a Vit. E supplementation on rumen fermentation characteristics, ruminal microbial protein synthesis as well as ruminal organic matter fermentation. Furthermore, we aimed to investigate the influence of Vit. E supplementation on short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA) and protozoa concentrations in the rumen and, in addition, on transfer rates of middle‐chain and long‐chain fatty acids into the duodenum in lactating dairy cows. Eight rumen and duodenum fistulated German Holstein cows were assigned to either a group receiving 2,327 IU/d Vit. E (138.6 IU/kg DM DL‐α‐tocopherylacetate; n = 4) or a control group (23.1 IU/kg DM; n = 4). Neither ruminal protein synthesis nor organic matter fermentation was influenced by treatment. Vit. E did not act on the concentrations of short‐chain fatty acids and protozoa in rumen fluid. Duodenal flow of C13:0 (1.3 versus 0.2 g/d, p = 0.014) and iso‐C14:0 (1.0 versus 0.5 g/d, p = 0.050) was higher in the Vit. E group. We observed a trend for higher duodenal flows for C12:0 (1.6 versus 0.9 g/d, p = 0.095) and anteiso‐C15:0 (12.2 versus 8.9 g/d, p = 0.084). Transfer rate of C12:0 tended to be higher in the Vit. E group (125.61 versus 73.96, p = 0.082). No other transfer rates were affected by treatment. Further studies are necessary to investigate the influence of Vit. E on rumen microbiota and their fatty acid production as well as on the impact of different doses of Vit. E supplementation on variables of protein synthesis efficiency.
Longer Fixation Times During Reading Are Correlated With Decreased Connectivity in Cognitive‐Control Brain Regions During Rest in Children
Authors: Horowitz‐Kraus Tzipi , DiCesare Christopher , Kiefer Adam W. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTDyslexia, or reading difficulty (RD), is characterized by slow, inaccurate reading and accompanied by deficit in executive functions (EF) and altered functional connectivity (FC) in the related networks (i.e., cingulo‐opercular). Individuals with RD also present with altered oculomotor gaze patterns that include longer fixation times. The researchers examined the relationship between fixation times and FC of neural circuits related to EF during rest in children with RD and typical readers. Nineteen children participated in a 10‐min resting‐state scan. FC analysis was performed with the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), related to cognitive control, chosen as a seed. Fixation time during word reading was used as a covariate of interest. Results demonstrated that FC between the ACC and the left inferior frontal cortex pars triangularis and left inferior prefrontal cortex during rest were negatively correlated with fixation times during word reading. These exploratory results support the critical role for the cingulo‐opercular network, which is related to cognitive control, in the reading process, and likely also in reading impairment.
From “Sad People on Bridges” to “Kidnap and Extortion”: Understanding the Nature and Situational Characteristics of Hostage and Crisis Negotiator Deployments
Authors: Grubb Amy Rose , Brown Sarah J. , Hall Peter , Bowen Erica 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHostage and crisis negotiation is well established as a police tool, and there is a growing body of literature that provides academic insight into the phenomenon. Academics have developed a corpus of literature to explain the way negotiators operate or how they can resolve incidents successfully. Whilst research in this area has originated from various countries and addressed negotiation from a variety of perspectives, there is limited research that has focused specifically on negotiation from an Anglo‐centric perspective. This article presents the findings from a detailed academic examination of negotiator experiences in England, whereby semistructured interviews were conducted with 15 negotiators from nine forces. Analysis using grounded theory revealed 12 deployment categories, situated within a recurring context involving subjects experiencing personal, emotional, or psychological crisis. These categories can be used to enhance our understanding of negotiator deployment in England and are discussed with reference to the implications for negotiator training and practice.
Genetic variants in microRNA biogenesis genes as novel indicators for secondary growth in Populus
Authors: Chen Beibei , Chen Jinhui , Du Qingzhang , Zhou Daling , Wang Longxin , Xie Jianbo , Li Ying , Zhang Deqiang 
Published: June 2018

Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) function as key regulators of complex traits, but how genetic alterations in miRNA biogenesis genes (miRBGs) affect quantitative variation has not been elucidated.

We conducted transcript analyses and association genetics to investigate how miRBGs, miRNA genes (MIRNAs) and their respective targets contribute to secondary growth in a natural population of 435 Populus tomentosa individuals.

This analysis identified 29 843 common single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; frequency > 0.10) within 682 genes (80 miRBGs, 152 MIRNAs, and 457 miRNA targets). Single‐SNP association analysis found SNPs in 234 candidate genes exhibited significant additive/dominant effects on phenotypes. Among these, specific candidates that associated with the same traits produced 791 miRBG–MIRNA–target combinations, suggesting possible genetic miRBG–MIRNA and MIRNA–target interactions, providing an important clue for the regulatory mechanisms of miRBGs. Multi‐SNP association found 4672 epistatic pairs involving 578 genes that showed significant associations with traits and identified 106 miRBG–MIRNA–target combinations. Two multi‐hierarchical networks were constructed based on correlations of miRBG–miRNA and miRNA–target expression to further probe the mechanisms of trait diversity underlying changes in miRBGs.

Our study opens avenues for the investigation of miRNA function in perennial plants and underscored miRBGs as potentially modulating quantitative variation in traits.
Dual function of a secreted fungalysin metalloprotease in Ustilago maydis
Authors: Ökmen Bilal , Kemmerich Bastian , Hilbig Daniel , Wemhöner Raphael , Aschenbroich Jörn , Perrar Andreas , Huesgen Pitter F. , Schipper Kerstin , Doehlemann Gunther 
Published: June 2018

Summary

Fungalysins from several phytopathogenic fungi have been shown to be involved in cleavage of plant chitinases. While fungal chitinases are responsible for cell wall remodeling during growth and morphogenesis, plant chitinases are important components of immunity. This study describes a dual function of the Ustilago maydis fungalysin UmFly1 in modulation of both plant and fungal chitinases.

Genetic, biochemical and microscopic experiments were performed to elucidate the in vitro and in planta functions of U. maydis UmFly1.

U. maydis ∆umfly1 mutants show significantly reduced virulence, which coincides with reduced cleavage of the maize chitinase ZmChiA within its chitin‐binding domain. Moreover, deletion of umfly1 affected the cell separation of haploid U. maydis sporidia. This phenotype is associated with posttranslational activation of the endogenous chitinase UmCts1. Genetic complementation of the ∆umfly1 mutant with a homologous gene from closely related, but nonpathogenic, yeast fully rescued the cell separation defect in vitro, but it could not recover the ∆umfly1 defect in virulence and cleavage of the maize chitinase.

We report on the dual function of the secreted fungalysin UmFly1. We hypothesize that co‐evolution of U. maydis with its host plant extended the endogenous function of UmFly1 towards the modulation of plant chitinase activity to promote infection.