Abstract P4-04-06: AZD5363, an AKT inhibitor, significantly inhibits key biomarkers of the AKT pathway and Ki67, in a randomized, placebo, controlled study (STAKT) in human breast cancers
Authors: Robertson JFR , Coleman RE , Cheung KL , Evans A , Holcombe C , Skene A , Rea D , Ahmed S , Jahan A , Kelly S , Horgan K , Rauchhaus P , Littleford R , Foxley A , Lindemann JPO , Pass M , Rugman P , Deb R , Finlay P , Gee JMW 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Background: AKT is an important intracellular control point through which Type 1 growth factors and IGFR signal. Mutations in PIK3CA, AKT and PTEN are prevalent in estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer (BC) and have been implicated in resistance to endocrine therapies. AZD5363 is an inhibitor of AKT 1, 2 and 3 currently in Phase 2 trials for BC and other solid cancers.
Design: The study examined whether AZD5363 impacts on key biomarkers within the AKT pathway and their subsequent effects on Ki67, a marker of tumor proliferation. STAKT is a multi-center, two-stage, double blind, randomized, placebo controlled, biomarker 'window-of-opportunity' trial in women with newly diagnosed, previously untreated ER+ BC who were deemed would require chemotherapy as part of their primary treatment regimen. Stage 1 assessed AZD5363 at a dose of 480mg bd p.o. versus matching placebo. Up to 30 patients per arm were permitted, to allow 12 subjects per arm with evaluable paired biopsies - obtained at baseline, and after 4.5 days of AZD5363 / placebo. Primary endpoint markers were pPRAS40, pGSK3β and Ki67 assessed by immunohistochemistry. pPRAS40 and pGSK3β were assessed by H-scores and measured separately for cytoplasmic (cyto), nuclear (nuc) and total (cyto+nuc) staining. Ki67 was assessed as % positive staining of 500 tumor nuclei. Laboratory staff were blinded to treatment arm and whether the biopsies were taken before or after AZD5363/placebo. Changes in marker expression (both absolute and %) between biopsies were calculated, and compared between the two groups. An ANOVA test was applied for normally distributed data and Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney used if not normally distributed.
Results: 28/36 patients were evaluable with patient & tumor characteristics as follows: 17 received AZD5363 and 11 placebo; the median ages were 48 & 49 years respectively. 27 patients were Caucasian and 1 African-American. Tumors were all ER+. For HER2 status 8 were positive & 9 negative in the AZD5363 treated group compared to 2 & 9 respectively in the placebo group.
For pPRAS40 and pGSK3β cyto was the predominant staining while for Ki67 staining was nuclear. Changes in each marker with associated p-values are shown in the table.
MarkerType of change vs baselineDegree of change in AZD5363 arm (n=17)p-value versus placebo arm (n=11)pPRAS40 (H-score)TotalAbsolute-83.8&lt;0.0001Total%-50.2&lt;0.0001CytoAbsolute-90.0&lt;0.0001Cyto%-55.8&lt;0.0001NucAbsolute+6.90.42Nuc%+8.90.94pGSK3β (H-score)TotalAbsolute-55.30.006Total%-39.00.006CytoAbsolute-53.60.006Cyto%-39.20.006NucAbsolute-2.80.065Nuc%-36.50.058Ki67 (% cells+)Absolute-9.60.031%-29.40.052
Conclusions• AZD5363 for 4.5 days caused highly significant falls in pGSK3β and pPRAS40, key markers of AKT pathway activation
• AZD53643 also caused a significant decline in Ki67 even after only 4.5 days of drug. This is one of the shortest 'window'-studies to report such an early effect on proliferation.
• Placebo controlled 'window' studies of this short duration can provide important evidence of the therapeutic potential early in a drug's development.
Citation Format: Robertson JFR, Coleman RE, Cheung KL, Evans A, Holcombe C, Skene A, Rea D, Ahmed S, Jahan A, Kelly S, Horgan K, Rauchhaus P, Littleford R, Foxley A, Lindemann JPO, Pass M, Rugman P, Deb R, Finlay P, Gee JMW. AZD5363, an AKT inhibitor, significantly inhibits key biomarkers of the AKT pathway and Ki67, in a randomized, placebo, controlled study (STAKT) in human breast cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-04-06.