bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal variability of the vitamin C content of fresh fruits and vegetables in a local retail market
Authors: Phillips Katherine M , Tarrago‐Trani Maria Teresa , McGinty Ryan C , Rasor Amy S , Haytowitz David B , Pehrsson Pamela R 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDSeasonal variation of vitamin C in fresh fruits and vegetables is not reflected in food composition database average values, yet many factors influence content and retention.RESULTSFresh fruits and vegetables were sampled on three occasions in each season, from the same local retail outlets, for 1 or 2 years. Vitamin C was significantly higher in winter‐sampled spinach (436 mg kg−1) compared with spring (298 mg kg−1) and summer/fall (180 mg kg−1); in potatoes in summer/fall (156 mg kg−1) versus winter/spring (106 mg kg−1); and in oranges in winter (616 mg kg−1), spring (592 mg kg−1), and summer (506 mg kg−1). Ranges were dramatic among sampling occasions for broccoli, oranges, potatoes, and spinach (700–1210 mg kg−1, 420–780 mg kg−1, 70–280 mg kg−1, and 90–660 mg kg−1 respectively). Mean values for apples, bananas, tomatoes, and potatoes differed from the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference (SR) average by ≥10% of the daily recommended intake (90 mg). For broccoli, oranges, and spinach, vitamin C was substantially above or below the SR range in 50–100% of the samples. For spinach, the average content did not differ from SR, but vitamin C in winter was 55% higher than SR.CONCLUSIONDatabase average values for vitamin C in fresh produce can significantly over‐ or underestimate the content in a specific food supply. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Near‐infrared spectroscopy‐based analysis to study sensory parameters on pork loins as affected by cooking methods and conditions
Authors: González‐Mohino Alberto , Antequera Teresa , Ventanas Sonia , Caballero Daniel , Mir‐Bel Jorge , Pérez‐Palacios Trinidad 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe main objectives of this study were to evaluate the use of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to classify pork loins under different methods and cooking conditions, and to predict sensory attributes of this product.RESULTSSamples were oven cooked at two temperatures (150 and 180 °C) for different times (45, 60 and 75 min) and confit cooked for different times (120, 180 and 240 min). All cooked loin samples were subjected to a Quantitative Descriptive Analysis by a trained panel. For classification, principal component analysis was performed based on the NIRS database, showing a good discrimination between loins samples subjected to different cooking conditions. Regarding prediction, a data mining technique (multiple linear regression) was applied on a database constructed with data from NIRS and sensory analysis.CONCLUSIONThe correlation coefficient and the mean absolute error obtained suggest that the calculated prediction equations of this study are valid to predict the changes in the sensory attributes depending on the cooking method and conditions used for pork loins. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Prognostic factors for resected non‐small cell lung cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Yu Woo Sik , Lee Chang Young , Park Seong Yong , Suh Jee Won , Narm Kyoung Shik , Kim Dae Joon , Chung Kyung Young , Lee Jin Gu 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundFor diabetic patients with lung cancer, blood glucose levels and medications such as metformin and statins may influence survival.ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine prognostic survival factors for diabetic patients with resected non‐small cell lung cancer.Patients and MethodsBetween January 2005 and December 2013, 301 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who underwent curative resection for non‐small cell lung cancer were identified and reviewed retrospectively.ResultsThe median follow‐up period was 48 months. In multivariate analysis for lung cancer‐specific survival, older age, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) <80% predicted, and advanced pathologic stage were significant negative prognostic factors; statin use was a positive prognostic factor (hazard ratio (HR), 0.468). In multivariate analysis for overall survival, male sex, older age, comorbidity index, and advanced pathologic stage were significant negative prognostic factors and proper glycemic control (HR, 0.621) and statin use (HR, 0.585) were positive prognostic factors.ConclusionsProper glycemic control (glycated hemoglobin A1c <7%) is recommended for diabetic patients undergoing lung cancer operations. Further studies are required to elucidate associations between type 2 diabetes mellitus and antineoplastic effects of statins and to evaluate statins as a novel adjuvant treatment for lung cancer.
Deep Generative Models for Molecular Science
Authors: Jørgensen Peter B. , Schmidt Mikkel N. , Winther Ole 
Published: February 2018

AbstractGenerative deep machine learning models now rival traditional quantum‐mechanical computations in predicting properties of new structures, and they come with a significantly lower computational cost, opening new avenues in computational molecular science. In the last few years, a variety of deep generative models have been proposed for modeling molecules, which differ in both their model structure and choice of input features. We review these recent advances within deep generative models for predicting molecular properties, with particular focus on models based on the probabilistic autoencoder (or variational autoencoder, VAE) approach in which the molecular structure is embedded in a latent vector space from which its properties can be predicted and its structure can be restored.
Cucurbitane Triterpenoids from the Fruits of Momordica Charantia Improve Insulin Sensitivity and Glucose Homeostasis in Streptozotocin‐Induced Diabetic Mice
Authors: Han Joo‐Hui , Tuan Nguyen Quoc , Park Min‐Ho , Quan Khong Trong , Oh Joonseok , Heo Kyung‐Sun , Na MinKyun , Myung Chang‐Seon 
Published: February 2018

ScopeMomordica charantia (M. charantia) has antidiabetic effects, and cucurbitane‐type triterpenoid is one of the compounds of M. charantia. This study aims to investigate whether the new cucurbitane‐type triterpenoids affect insulin sensitivity both in vitro and in vivo, and the underlying mechanisms.Methods and resultsFour compounds (C1–C4) isolated from the ethanol extract of M. charantia enhance glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes via insulin receptor substrate‐1 (IRS‐1) rather than via adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase. The most potent, compound 2 (C2), significantly increases the activation of IRS‐1 and downstream signaling pathways, resulting in glucose transporter 4 translocation. Furthermore, these C2‐induced in vitro effects are blocked by specific signal inhibitors. We further evaluate the antidiabetic effect of C2 using a streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic mouse model. Consistent with in vitro data, treatment with C2 (1.68 mg kg–1) significantly decreases blood glucose level and enhances glycogen storage in STZ‐injected mice. These effects appear to be mediated by the IRS‐1 signaling pathway in skeletal muscle, not in adipose and liver tissues, suggesting that C2 improves hyperglycemia by increasing glucose uptake into skeletal muscle.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate that the new cucurbitane‐type triterpenoids have potential for prevention and management of diabetes by improving insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis.
Condition monitoring technique of rotating machinery using K‐band Doppler radar
Authors: Im Yun‐Taek 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA condition monitoring technique using Doppler radar is proposed for rotating machinery. An analysis of the fundamental and harmonic signals is based on the Bessel functions. To measure the vibration signals, a compact K‐band (24.125 GHz) CW radar module is used, and an experiment was carried out to observe the spectral response of a motor at 1190 RPM, where the measurement direction is horizontal. From the spectral responses, the fundamental frequency, or harmonics, is related to the RPM of the rotating machinery. The proposed Doppler radar is the simplest radar, and therefore the condition monitoring system can be easily implemented in a low cost way. In addition, the radar is less sensitive to scattering because the wavelength is much shorter than the wavelength of the LDV, and thus this behavior is suitable for an outdoor installation of the condition monitoring system.
Active balun using resistive feedback for low gain imbalance
Authors: Choi Yeong Seok , Jin Ho Jeong , Cho Choon Sik , Kim Young‐Jin 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAn active balun using current steering topology is presented for phase and amplitude corrections. The proposed active balun is constructed with two different unit balun structures based on resistive feedback to reduce phase and amplitude errors. The first unit balun composed of the common source configuration provides a main transconductance stage for the proposed active balun. The second unit balun using common source and common gate configurations works for phase and gain error reduction. The resistive feedback proposed here leads to mitigation of phase error and then amplitude error, and an equation for deciding the feedback resistance is successfully deduced. The value of a feedback resistor is determined to provide the least phase and amplitude errors by optimizing the derived design equation. Designed and fabricated active balun in 65 nm CMOS process operates over 1.0–1.2 GHz band, showing input and output reflection coefficients under –10 dB, phase error under 3.5° and gain error under 1.4 dB over the frequency of interest. Moreover, the gain is measured to be 4 dB maximum and power consumption of 2.6 mW is measured.
Dietary Curcumin Intervention Targets Mouse White Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Brown Adipose Tissue UCP1 Expression
Authors: Song Zhuolun , Revelo Xavier , Shao Weijuan , Tian Lili , Zeng Kejing , Lei Helena , Sun Hong‐Shuo , Woo Minna , Winer Daniel , Jin Tianru 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine whether dietary curcumin intervention targets both white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation and brown adipose tissue (BAT)‐mediated energy expenditure.MethodsC57BL/6J mice were fed with a low‐fat diet, high‐fat diet (HFD), or HFD plus curcumin. In addition to assessing the effect of curcumin intervention on metabolic profiles, this study assessed WAT macrophage infiltration and composition and inflammatory cytokine production. Metabolic cages were applied for determining energy expenditure. Raw264.7 (ATCC, Manassas, Virginia) and other cell models were utilized to test the in vitro effect of curcumin treatment.ResultsCurcumin intervention reduced WAT macrophage infiltration and altered macrophage functional polarity, as the ratio of M2‐like versus M1‐like macrophages increased after curcumin intervention. Curcumin treatment reduced M1‐like macrophage markers or proinflammation cytokine expression in both macrophages and adipocytes. Curcumin intervention also increased energy expenditure and body temperature in response to a cold challenge. Finally, the in vivo and in vitro investigations suggested that curcumin increased expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), possibly involving PPAR‐dependent and ‐independent mechanisms.ConclusionsCurcumin intervention targets both WAT inflammation and BAT UCP1 expression. These observations advanced our knowledge on the metabolic beneficial effects of the curry compound curcumin, bringing us a novel perspective on dietary polyphenol research.
Comparison of Secretome Profile of Pathogenic and Non‐Pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica
Authors: Ahn Chun‐Seob , Kim Jeong‐Geun , Shin Myeong Heon , Lee Young Ah , Kong Yoon 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe obligatory intracellular protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica causes amebic dysentery and liver abscess. E. histolytica adheres to the host tissues in a contact‐dependent manner. E. histolytica excretory–secretory products (ESP) might play critical roles during invasion. We comparatively analyzed the secretome profile of E. histolytica pathogenic HM‐1:IMSS and non‐pathogenic Rahman strains. The two ESP revealed similar but distinct spotting patterns. In both ESP, alcohol dehydrogenase, enolase 1, and transketolase, which control classical carbohydrate metabolism and other moonlighting effects, constituted the most abundant fractions. We recognized differently secreted molecules. Secretion of cytoskeletal organization proteins (actin, actin binding protein, and EHI_068510), protein remodeling amino peptidase, and multifunctional elongation factor 1‐α were increased in Rahman. Conversely, carbohydrate metabolizing enolase 1, alcohol dehydrogenase, transketolase, calponin, phosphoglucose mutase, malic enzyme and EHI_156420, xenobiotic scavenging superoxide dismutase and EHI_140740, and pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase and coronin (carbohydrate metabolism/detoxification) showed reduced secretion. Transcription levels of some genes involved in these processes also decreased. Changes of secretory behavior, especially decreased secretion of multifunctional carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes and detoxifying proteins that importantly participated in amoeba pathogenesis might reflect avirulent nature of Rahman strain in the host.
Gold‐Cluster‐Based Dual‐Emission Nanocomposite Film as Ratiometric Fluorescent Sensing Paper for Specific Metal Ion
Authors: Song Shanliang , Wang Chuanxi , Zhao Yue , Hu Tantan , Zhou Xinxin , Zhao Tianxin , Yang Minghui , Lin Quan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA dual‐emission ratiometric fluorescent sensing film for metal ion detection is designed. This dual‐emission film is successfully prepared from chitosan, graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4), and gold nanoclusters (Au NCs). Here, it is shown that the g‐C3N4 not only serves as the fluorescence emission source, but also enhances the mechanical and thermal stability of the film. Meanwhile, the Au NCs are adsorbed on the surface of chitosan film by the electrostatic interaction. The as‐prepared dual‐emission film can selectively detect Cu2+, leading to the quench of red fluorescence of Au NCs, whereas the blue fluorescence from g‐C3N4 persists. The ratio of the two fluorescence intensities depends on the Cu2+ concentration and the fluorescence color changes from orange red to yellow, cyan, and finally to blue with increasing Cu2+ concentration. Thus, the as‐prepared dual‐emission film can be worked as ratiometric sensing paper for Cu2+ detection. Furthermore, the film shows high sensitivity and selectivity, with low limit of detection (LOD) (10 ppb). It is observed that this novel gold‐cluster‐based dual‐emission ratiometric fluorescent sensing paper is an easy and convenient way for detecting metal ions. It is believed that this research work have created another avenue for the detection of metal ions in the environment.
Flow‐volume loops measured with electrical impedance tomography in pediatric patients with asthma
Authors: Ngo Chuong , Dippel Falk , Tenbrock Klaus , Leonhardt Steffen , Lehmann Sylvia 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundElectrical impedance tomography (EIT) provides information on global and regional ventilation during tidal breathing and mechanical ventilation. During forced expiration maneuvers, the linearity of EIT and spirometric data has been documented in healthy persons. The present study investigates the potential diagnostic use of EIT in pediatric patients with asthma.MethodsEIT and spirometry were performed in 58 children with asthma (average age ± SD: 11.86 ± 3.13 years), and 58 healthy controls (average age ± SD: 12.12 ± 2.9 years). The correlation between EIT data and simultaneously acquired spirometric data were tested for FEV1, FEV0.5, MEF75, MEF50, and MEF25. Binary classification tests were performed for the EIT‐derived Tiffeneau index FEV1/FVC and the bronchodilator test index ΔFEV1. Average flow‐volume (FV) loops were generated for patients with pathologic spirometry to demonstrate the feasibility of EIT for graphic diagnosis of asthma.ResultsSpirometry and global EIT‐based FV loops showed a strong correlation (P < 0.001, r > 0.9 in FEV1 and FEV0.5). In all criteria, the binary classification tests yielded high specificity (>93%), a high positive predictive value (≥75%) and a high negative predictive value (>80%), while sensitivity was higher in ΔFEV1 (86.67%) and lower in FEV1/FVC (25% and 35.29%). A typical concave shape of the EIT‐derived average FV loops was observed for asthmatic children with improvement after bronchospasmolysis.ConclusionsGlobal FV loops derived from EIT correlate well with spirometry. Positive bronchospasmolysis can be observed in EIT‐derived FV loops. Flow‐volume loops originated from EIT have a potential to visualize pulmonary function.
Using white‐box nonlinear optimization methods in system dynamics policy improvement
Authors: Vierhaus Ingmar , Fügenschuh Armin , Gottwald Robert , Grösser Stefan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe present a new strategy for the direct optimization of the values of policy functions. This approach is particularly well suited to model actors with a global perspective on the system and relies heavily on modern mathematical white‐box optimization methods. We demonstrate our strategy on two classical models: market growth and World2. Each model is first transformed into an optimization problem by defining how the actor can influence the models' dynamics and by choosing objective functions to measure improvements. To improve comparability between different runs, we also introduce a comparison measure for possible interventions. We solve the optimization problems, discuss the resulting policies and compare them to the existing results from the literature. In particular, we present a run of the World2 model which significantly improves the published “towards a global equilibrium” run with equal cost of intervention.Copyright © 2018 System Dynamics Society
Palladium Nanoparticles Supported on Hydroxyapatite Nanospheres: Highly Active, Reusable and Green Catalyst for Suzuki – Miyaura Cross Coupling Reactions under Aerobic Conditions
Authors: Bulut Ahmet , Aydemir Murat , Durap Feyyaz , Gülcan Mehmet , Zahmakiran Mehmet 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe development of simply prepared, highly active and reusable nanocatalysts for Suzuki‐Miyaura cross coupling reactions under mild and green conditions remains a challenge in the field of synthetic organic chemistry. Herein, we describe a new nanocatalyst comprising of palladium nanoparticles supported on hydroxyapatite nanospheres, which can reproducibly be formed in‐situ during the Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling reactions starting with Pd(II)‐exchanged nanohydroxyapatite. The characterization of the resulting catalyst by using ICP‐OES, P‐XRD, XPS, TEM, HRTEM, SEM and N2‐adsorption‐desorption analyses revealed that the formation of 3.7 ± 1.3 nm palladium(0) nanoparticles (Pd(0)∼430 nanoclusters) on the surface of nano‐sized (∼ 50 nm) hydroxyapatite (nano‐HAp) support by keeping the host framework intact. This previously unappreciated combination of Pd NPs and nano‐HAp (PdNPs@nano‐HAp) shows excellent activities (TOF's > 3×105 h−1) in the Suzuki–Miyaura cross coupling reactions of different arylbromides with phenylboronic acid under mild, green and aerobic conditions. More importanly, these new supported palladium(0) nanoparticles were found to be highly durable nanocatalyst throughout the reusability experiments, they maintain almost their inherent activity after 10th catalytic cycle at high conversion (> 98%).
Ultrathin‐Branched Pt Grown on Quasi‐Sphere Pd with Enhanced Electrocatalytic Performances
Authors: Fang Caihong , Zhao Jian , Ding Qian , Yu Nan , Sang Yan , Geng Baoyou 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPt has been demonstrated as the most effective electrocatalyst in electrocatalytic methanol oxidation reaction. To overcome the high cost and scarcity of Pt and further improve its performances, we therefore synthesized Pd−Pt bimetallic nanostructures, in which Pd located at interior with Pt at exterior. The morphology of the bimetallic nanocrystals exhibits a branched structure with a porous architect by employed quasi‐spherical Pd nanoparticles as the stating nanocrystals followed by the growth of Pt on their surfaces. Significantly, the branches are ultra‐thin (less than 5.0 nm), which can supply sufficient active sites. We thus tested the electrocatalytic performances toward oxidation of methanol. The specific activity is even 2.7 times that of commercial Pt/C, while the mass activity is 5.5 times of the commercial Pt/C. Moreover, the durability was also highly improved. We believed that our structures can pay the way for the development of liquid fuel cells.
Probing of Reorganization Dynamics within the Different Phases of Themotropic Liquid Crystals
Authors: Panda Manas Ranjan , Koley Somnath , Mishra Krishna , Ghosh Subhadip 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSolvent properties of two liquid crystalline solvents (LCs), 4‐n‐pentyl‐4/‐cyanobiphenyl (5CB) and 4‐n‐octyl‐4/‐cyanobiphenyl (8CB) are studied by exploiting their intrinsic fluorescence. Solvation dynamics of LCs in crystalline, liquid crystalline and liquid phases are observed by utilizing the dynamic Stokes shift in the time resolved emission spectrum (TRES) of an excited dye molecule coumarin 153 (C153) immersed within the LCs. With increasing temperature, transitions occur from crystalline to smectic/nematic and finally to liquid phase for these thermotropic LCs. At high temperature, liquid crystalline phases with substantial orientational orders are transformed to isotopic liquid phases. In this phase, peak positions of intrinsically fluorescent LCs are shifted towards the higher energy side with lowering its fluorescence quantum yields (φf) as compared to the emission peak positions and quantum yields of LCs in other anisotropic phases. Solvation dynamics study shows that the average solvation time of C153, immersed within the liquid phases of LCs, is about an order of magnitude faster as compared to that within a crystalline phase of the same substrate (5CB or 8CB). This observation is substantiating the fact that even within a complete crystalline phase a fluid like motion of the LC solvent molecules still exists. Average solvation time of C153 follows a descending order when we move from a complete crystalline phase to liquid crystalline phase to complete liquid phase.
C‐H Oxidation by a Diiron Complex with Facially Opposing Active Sites
Authors: Lindsay Stacey , Mader Sophie L. , Kaila Ville R. I. , Hess Corinna R. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractC−H oxidation is catalyzed by a high‐spin ferrous dimer, [(L1)2Fe2(CH3CN)2](PF6)4 (1), that offers two identical functional sites, separated by > 7 Å. The complex provides a unique contrast to both mononuclear and binuclear non‐heme enzyme active sites as well as biomimetic complexes. The oxidative activity of 1 was examined using a range of substrates (cyclohexene, 9,10‐dihydroanthracene, xanthene, triphenylmethane, triphenylphosphine, and cyclohexane) and PhIO as an oxidant. The studies establish the O‐atom transfer and H‐atom abstraction ability of the diiron complex. We further probe the energetics of cyclohexene oxidation by 1 and derive putative mechanisms for the pathways of allylic alcohol and epoxide formation using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The DFT calculations indicate that the oxidation reactions proceed via a FeIV=O species in the triplet state, and that both iron centers can act independently of each other. The combined results provide insight into hydrocarbon oxidation by non‐coupled binuclear systems.