bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Cameroonian physicians with regards to acute pain management in the emergency department: a multicenter cross-sectional study
Authors: Etoundi Paul Owono , Mbengono Junette Arlette Metogo , Ntock Ferdinand Ndom , Tochie Joel Noutakdie , Ndom Dominique Christelle Anaba , Angong Francky Teddy Endomba , Beyiha Gérard , Minkande Jacqueline Ze 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Introduction: Pain is the most frequent presenting complaint in patients consulting or admitted to the emergency department (ED). Thus, its acute management is often done by physicians working in the ED. These practitioners are often general practitioners and not emergency medicine physicians in resource-poor settings. Hence, a mastery of pain management by these physicians may be important in relieving acute pain. We aimed to assess the knowledge, to determine the attitudes and practices of physicians in the management of pain in EDs of Cameroon.

Methods: We cross-sectional study carried out prospectively over four months in the year 2018. We enrolled all consenting physicians who were neither emergency medicine doctors nor anesthesiologists working at the EDs of five tertiary hospitals of Cameroon. Using a validated and pretested structured questionnaire, data on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of acute pain management at the ED by these clinicians were studied. We used an externally validated score to assess the knowledge as either poor, insufficient, moderate or good.

Results: A total of 58 physicians were included; 18 interns and 39 general practitioners. Their mean age was 28.6 ± 3 years and their average number of years of practice was 2.9 years. The level of knowledge was rated “poor” in 77.6% of physicians. Being a general practitioner was significantly associated with a poor level of knowledge (p=0.02; OR=5.1). We found a negative and significant correlation between knowledge and years of practice (p=0.04; r2= 0.06). More than three-quarter (82.8%) of participants used a pain scale to evaluate the severity of pain. The most used scale being the Visual Analog scale (56.9%). The most frequently used analgesic was paracetamol (98.3%), although only 3.5% of physicians correctly knew its half-life, delay of onset of action and duration of action.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that physicians in EDs of Cameroon have poor knowledge and suboptimal practices in pain management. General practice and a greater number of professional experience seemed to favour these attitudes. Overall, there is an urgent need for refresher courses in acute pain management for physicians working in these resource-limited EDs.
Tooth Extraction is Risk Factor for Maxillary Sinus Pneumatization : A Case Control Study
Authors: Ocak Hakan , Çolpak Halis Ali , Demetoğlu Umut , Soydan Damla , Kılıç Erdem , Canger Murat E , Alkan Alper 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Purpose

Maxillary sinus pneumatization following teeth extraction may require various treatment plans such as sinus lifting and alveolar grafting procedures to obtain sufficient alveolar bone height for implant surgery. The aim of this study was to identify sinus pneumatization and to help in determining the proper time for preprosthetic surgery following extraction of maxillary sinus related teeth.

Methods

We evaluated 75 teeth extraction related to maxillary sinus floor. The panoramic radiographs were evaluated before and after extraction of the posterior maxillary teeth. The radiographs were divided into 5 groups according to duration after extraction. Two reference points (the first point corresponds to the nasal spine while the second point corresponds to the most inferior point of the floor of the maxillary sinus wall) were determined on digital panoramic radiographs before and after teeth extraction and the distance between both aforementioned points was measured.

Results

The amount of pneumatization was found to be increased with time. The pneumatization within the first 6 months was limited. However, a sudden increase of pneumatization after 6th month, especially the highest between 18th and 24th months, was observed. The mean pneumatization amount was found to be highest in the 1st molar group.

Conclusion

According to the results of the present study, surgeons should not be waited any more than 6 months after tooth extraction for preprosthetic surgery in the posterior maxillary region as long as physiological healing of extraction socket is allowed.
The Low Expression of DUSP1 and HSPA5 Inhibits Chicken Immune Response and Causes Decreased Immunity under Heat Stress
Authors: Zhang Wenwu , Xu Jiguo , Li Hongmei , Zhou Lianghui , Nie Qinghua , Zhang Xiquan , Luo Qingbin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

As a major stressor, high temperatures negatively affect the poultry industry, through impairments to chicken immunity and production performance. The purpose of this study is to clarify how chicken immune systems responded to heat stress with and without immunization. In the present study, spleen and bursa of Fabricius of experimental chickens were subjected to RNA-seq. Key genes influencing immune response in heat-stressed chickens were identified and their functions validated.

Results

Immunized and heat-stressed chickens experienced a significant reduction in immune function. The expression of immune-related genes and heat stress-related genes in the spleen increased after immunization and decreased after heat stress, but in the bursa of Fabricius, few of these genes were differentially expressed after immunization and heat stress, indicating insensitivity to high temperature and the lack of vaccine processing. In the non-heat-stressed groups, spleen expression of DUSP1 and HSPA5 decreased significantly, suggesting their relationship to immunity. Upon DUSP1 or HSPA5 overexpression, the mRNA expression of MHC-I, MHC-II, CD80, CD86, CD1C, IL1B, IL6, and TLR4 was earlier than that under LPS stimulation only, indicating that DUSP1 or HSPA5 overexpression enhances HD11 recognition LPS. Inhibiting DUSP1 or HSPA5 expression, the mRNA expression levels of MHC-I, MHC-II, CD80, CD86, IL6 and TLR4 did not change significantly from LPS-stimulation-only levels but CD1C significantly decreased, suggesting that HD11 recognition of LPS is affected by DUSP1 or HSPA5 expression levels.

Conclusions

The inhibition of immune response due to lowly expressed DUSP1 and HSPA5 may be the cause of decreased immunity in chickens.
Evaluations of minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion performed with rhBMP-2
Authors: Lv Bin , Hou Yuting , Jin Xiang , Luo Dan , Wang Lei , Yao Xiang , Yuan Jishan , Huang Anquan , Chen Rongguo 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: The combination of minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) is widely used for its advantage of rapid recovery and improved bone fusion. However, no previous study has reported the synergistic effect of MIS-TLIF with rhBMP-2 in patients with degenerative lumbar disease (DLD).
Objective: To investigate the radiographic and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in patients with DLD who underwent MIS-TLIF with and without a low dose of rhBMP-2.
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 48 patients treated with MIS-TLIF from 2013 to 2016. The patients were classified into the rhBMP-2 group (n = 25) and non-rhBMP-2 group (n = 23). Fusion-related parameters were measured before and after the operation. Clinical data included the numeric rating scale (NRS) score, Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scores, and the MOS 36-item short form health survey (SF-36) score, which were documented to evaluate the effect of surgery.
Results: In the 48 patients who underwent MIS-TLIF, the operated disc was predominantly at the L4/5 and L5/S1 levels. ADH, MDH, and PDH increased significantly in both groups after surgery (P < 0.05). FH improved in the rhBMP-2 group, but not in the non-rhBMP-2 group. There was no obvious improvement in SA in both groups. Furthermore, the SL showed a significant difference in both groups and a significant improvement over the baseline. The LL showed significant improvement in the two groups at the early follow-up (P < 0.05), but the improvement did not persist. Cage subsidence had no significant effect on different subsidence grades. In addition, no differences in cage subsidence were observed in different types of modic change (MC), except for MC 0 in both groups. There was no difference in PROs even though all clinical outcomes improved significantly during the postoperative follow-up period in both groups.
Conclusion: MIS-TLIF with the low doses of rhBMP-2 resulted in an improvement in radiographic and clinical results, but not a longer-lasting restoration for radiographic outcomes. Cage subsidence is not associated with the MC. Further, our clinical data demonstrated no difference between both groups.
T2 formula in a highly myopic population, comparison with other methods and description of an improved approach for estimating corneal height
Authors: Idrobo Carlos Alberto , Santaella Gisella , Gutiérrez Ángela María 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background: To determine the accuracy of the T2 formula as applied to highly myopic eyes, to compare the T2 formula to the SRK/T and Holladay 1 formulas, and to describe possible ways to improve the estimation of corneal height and prediction error in two settings, the Hadassah Hospital, Ophthalmology Department, Jerusalem, Israel and Clínica Barraquer, Bogotá, Colombia.
Methods: In this retrospective case series , optical biometer measurements were taken for 63 highly myopic patients (> 25 mm ) undergoing uneventful crystalline lens phacoemulsification and insertion of an acrylic intraocular lens. Prediction errors were obtained, with estimations of ± 0.50 D, ± 1.00 D, and greater than ± 2.00 D. A method to improve the corneal height calculation is described.
Results: The SRK/T formula (mean absolute error [MAE] = 0.418; median absolute error [MedAE] = 0.352) was the most accurate, followed by the T2 (MAE = 0.435; MedAE = 0.381) and Holladay 1 (MAE = 0.455; MedAE = 0.389) formulas. Both the SRK/T and T2 formulas overestimated corneal height, but values were higher with the T2 formula. Corneal height was more precisely estimated using an alternative method that, when combined with axial length optimization, resulted in lower MAE (0.425) and MedAE (0.365) values than when applying the T2 formula alone.
Conclusions: The T2 formula seems to be less accurate than the SRK/T formula in highly myopic eyes. An improved corneal height estimation method is described for the the T2 formula.

Key words: T2 formula, high myopia, corneal height estimation, cataract surgery, intraocular lens calculation .
Acceptability and Feasibility of a Telehealth Intervention for Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing Among Male Couples: Protocol for a Pilot Study
Authors: Sullivan Stephen , Sullivan Patrick , Stephenson Rob 
Published: August 2019

Background
Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) are at elevated risk for acquiring sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the United States, especially chlamydia and gonorrhea. While research has indicated main partners over casual partners may play a central role in STI risk, the frequency of STI screening among MSM couples is particularly low. Self-sample collection for chlamydia and gonorrhea screening has been shown to be highly accurate, and at-home STI testing has been shown to be highly acceptable among diverse populations. However, there is little research exploring the feasibility and acceptability of at-home chlamydia and gonorrhea screening among MSM couples. Our pilot study aims to help evaluate the viability of this screening modality as an intervention tool for MSM couples

Objective
The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility and acceptability of an at-home chlamydia and gonorrhea sample collection and remote lab testing program among a sample of 50 MSM couples living in the United States.

Methods
This pilot study enrolled 50 MSM couples, ranging from 18-40 years old and living in the United States, who participated in a larger at-home HIV testing randomized controlled trial. Participating couples completed a pretest instructional video call and then had the option of completing at-home sample collection across three bodily sites (rectal swab, pharyngeal swab, and urine sample) for remote chlamydia and gonorrhea lab testing. For participants who completed any sample collection, they received their results via a posttest video call. All participants completed an online survey examining satisfaction and acceptability of the home testing process, experience with logistics, willingness to test at home in the future, recent sexual risk behavior, STI testing history, and linkage to care. A subset of 10 couples completed an in-depth interview about their attitudes towards the sample collection process, different decisions they made while collecting their samples, and their experience accessing treatment (for those who received a positive result).

Results
Recruitment began in September 2017, and as of March 2019 a total of 50 couples have been enrolled. Overall, 49/50 couples have returned their samples and completed the posttest delivery call, and 10 in-depth interviews have been completed and transcribed.

Conclusions
Screening MSM couples at home for chlamydia and gonorrhea and providing video-facilitated results delivery may offer a tailored approach to address the increasing prevalence of these STIs. By collecting data on how MSM couples experience at-home STI screening, this project will provide valuable insight into the utility of such a service delivery program to public health interventionists and researchers alike.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/14481
CIÊNCIA E ARTE: POSSIBILIDADES DE DIÁLOGO ENTRE A RAZÃO E A EMOÇÃO
Authors: Rocha Laizir Escarpanezi , Magalhães Júnior Carlos Alberto de Oliveira , Neves Marcos Cesar Danhoni 
Published: August 2019

Este artigo tem como finalidade apresentar possibilidades de conexão entre os conhecimentos de Ciência e de Arte. Nesse sentido, se justifica pois busca evidenciar que esta ligação já existe há muito tempo e tem sido buscada também na atualidade, depois de ter passado por algum tempo esquecida. Figuras como Leonardo da Vinci e Einstein, souberam realizar a ligação entre as duas áreas de forma impecável. O objetivo do artigo é evidenciar que Arte e a Ciência, quando trabalhadas de forma conjunta, podem trazer vantagens para quem está envolvido com esses estudos. Para isso, foi utilizada uma revisão bibliográfica, buscando autores como Matos (2003) e Silva e Neves (2015), que abordam a parceria Arte e Ciência. O texto salienta portanto que o paradigma vigente em vários campos do conhecimento humano deve ser repensado e que, favorecer essa relação na escola pode trazer benefícios para a construção de conhecimentos nas duas áreas.
A NEUROCIÊNCIA E SEUS BENEFÍCIOS NA EDUCAÇÃO DA CRIANÇA AUTISTA
Authors: Tomazini Alex Sandro 
Published: August 2019

Este artigo surgiu do interesse de adquirir mais conhecimentos neurociências, para assim conhecer as melhores formas de se trabalhar em sala de aula. Este estudo se inicia com uma abordagem histórica, descrevendo o período em que alunos especiais eram segregados nas escolas, até serem incluídos no ensino regular, onde eles passam a serem vistos como indivíduos que também podem aprender e que possuem habilidades que podem e devem ser desenvolvidas. Também abordamos os tratamentos, técnicas de intervenções e as práticas neuropsicopedagógicas que podem ser trabalhadas pelos professores ao serem aplicadas de forma eficaz podem trazer grandes resultados. Palavras-chave: Autismo. Escola. Neuropsicopedagogia.
Filosofia, Aprendizagem Ativa e Tecnologia: Balizadores para a Aquisição do Conhecimento / Philosophy, Active Learning and Technology: Beacons for the Acquisition of Knowledge / Filosofía, Aprendizaje Activo y Tecnología: Balizadores para la Acquisición del conocimiento
Authors: Ferreira Edson Leone , Garcia Sônia Cardoso Moreira 
Published: August 2019

Este artigo parte de duas pesquisas, uma solicitada pela Unesco em 2003, sobre a aplicação da Filosofia no Brasil conforme os parâmetros curriculares para o ensino médio. A segunda realizada pela Universidade de Brasília, com alunos do 1º e 2º ano do ensino médio em Sobradinho-DF. Os dois estudos demonstraram, distintamente, que não há um único critério para o ensino da Filosofia no país e que os alunos reconhecem ser importante para a vida e formação. Desse modo por que não ampliá-lo com outras metodologias, como a Ativa e a Tecnologia? Acredita-se que a associação da Filosofia, Métodos Ativos (MA) e Tecnologias da Informação e da Comunicação (TIC´s) estimule o pensar do aluno e o processo de aquisição do saber. Desse modo, tem-se por objetivo apresentar uma reflexão sobre os benefícios da junção da Filosofia, com os MA e as TIC´s para o ensino da educação atual. Utilizou-se de pesquisa bibliográfica. Concluiu-se que as práticas de ensino precisam ser revistas, inclusive a formação dos docentes, no que tange ao uso e ressignificação da Filosofia, assim como um melhor entendimento dos MA e das TIC´s associados à Filosofia para a construção da aprendizagem.Palavras - Chave: Filosofia. Metodologia Ativa. Tecnologia. Conhecimento This article is based on two researches, one requested by Unesco in 2003, onthe application of Philosophy in Brazil according to the curricular parameters for secondary education. The second was held by the University of Brasília, with students from the 1st and 2nd year of high school in Sobradinho-DF. The two studies have distinctly demonstrated that there is no single criterion for teachingPhilosophy in the country and that students recognize it to be important for lifeand training. So why not extend it with other methodologies, such as Active and Technology? It is believed that the association of Philosophy, Active Methods (MA) and Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) stimulates student thinking and the process of acquiring knowledge. In this way, the objective is to present a reflection on the benefits of joining Philosophy,with MA and ICTs for the teaching of current education. We used bibliographic research. It was concluded that teaching practices need to be reviewed, including teacher training, regarding the use and re-signification of Philosophy, as well as a better understanding of MA and ICTs associated with Philosophy for the construction of learning.Keyword: Philosophy. Active Kethodology. Technology. Knowledge
Three-dimensional Analysis of Lip Changes in Response To Simulated Maxillary Incisor Advancement
Authors: Au Joanne , Mei Li , Bennani Florence , Kang Austin , Farella Mauro 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT

Objective
To assess the immediate response of lips in three dimensions (3D) resulting from simulated maxillary incisor advancement.

Materials and Methods
Incremental maxillary incisor advancement was simulated by placing wax of increasing thickness (+2 mm, +4 mm, +6 mm) on the incisors of 20 participants, and the induced lip changes were recorded using 3D stereophotogrammetry. The induced displacement of lip landmarks was quantified using 3D image analysis software. Data were analyzed using a repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) after adjusting for age and sex of the study participants.

Results
A large interindividual variation in lip response to simulated incisor advancement was observed. A significant overall effect on 3D lip changes was found for increasing values of simulated incisor advancement (F = 13.2; P &lt; .001) as well as significant differences between anatomical landmarks of the lip (F = 7.4; P &lt; .01). Most points moved outward and anterosuperiorly, except the midpoint and corners of the lip. Greatest movement was observed in the sagittal plane, followed by the vertical and transverse planes.

Conclusions
Maxillary incisor advancement significantly affects upper lip change in three planes of space: particularly the anteroposterior plane, in which the response to simulated advancement appears to be nonlinear.
A Comparative Assessment of Orthodontic Treatment Outcomes of Mild Skeletal Class III Malocclusion Between Facemask and Facemask in Combination with a Miniscrew For Anchorage in Growing Patients: A Single-center, Prospective Randomized Controlled trial
Authors: Seiryu Masahiro , Ida Hiroto , Mayama Atsushi , Sasaki Satoshi , Sasaki Shutaro , Deguchi Toru , Takano-Yamamoto Teruko 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To investigate the hypothesis that there is difference in the treatment outcomes of milder skeletal Class III malocclusion between facemask and facemask in combination with a miniscrew in growing patients.

Materials and Methods
Patients were randomly divided into two groups. In one group, the patients were treated with facemask therapy (FM group: 12 males, eight females, average age: 10 years, 5 months ± 1 year, 8 months). In the other group, patients were treated with facemask therapy along with a miniscrew (FM+MS group: 12 males, seven females, average age: 11 years, 1 month ± 1 year, 3 months). A lingual arch with hooks was fixed to the maxillary arch in both groups and a protractive force of 500 g was applied from the facemask to the hooks. The patients were instructed to use the facemask for 12 hours per day. In the FM+MS group, a miniscrew was inserted into the palate and fixed to the lingual arch.

Results
Mobility and loosening of the miniscrew were not observed during treatment. Lateral cephalometric analysis showed that SNA, SN-ANS, and ANB values were significantly increased in the FM+MS group compared with those for the FM group (SNA, 1.1° SN-ANS, 1.3° ANB, 0.8°). Increase in proclination of maxillary incisors was significantly greater in the FM group than in the FM+MS group (U1-SN, 5.0°).

Conclusions
During treatment of milder skeletal Class III malocclusion, facemask therapy along with a miniscrew exhibits fewer negative side effects and delivers orthopedic forces more efficiently to the maxillary complex than facemask therapy alone.
Lifli Betonlarda Optimum Silis Dumanı İkame Oranının Belirlenmesi
Authors: ŞİMŞEK Osman 
Published: August 2019

Bu
araştırmada, lifli beton üretiminde maksimum kompasiteyi sağlamak için, lif ve
süper akışkanlaştırıcı (SA) miktarı sabit tutularak farklı oranlarda silis
dumanı(SD) ikame edilmiştir. Çimento miktarı sırasıyla ağırlıkça % 0(KB): %2.5, %5, %7.5, %10 ve %12.5 oranlarında SD
ikame edilmiştir. Bu karışımlarla 100x100x100 mm boyutunda küp deney numuneleri
üretilmiştir. Taze beton üzerinde işlenebilirlik testlerinden çökme ve Ve-Be
deneyleri yapılmıştır. Sertleşmiş beton numuneleri üzerinde 28, 90 ve 120
günlük basınç dayanım deneyleri yapılmıştır.

Bütün
karışımlarda, SD oranı ile işlenebilirlik arasında ters ilişki olduğu
görülmüştür. Taze betonun işlenebilirlik özelliği üzerinde SD oranı etkili
olmuştur. Karışımlardaki SD oranı arttıkça çökme azalmış ve Ve-Be süresi
uzamıştır.

Bütün karışımlarda, beton yaşına bağlı olarak
basınç dayanımında doğal olarak belirli oranda artış görülmüştür. Lifsiz
numunelerde KB’ye göre SD oranı artıkça basınç dayanımı artmıştır. Bütün
yaşlarda en büyük basınç dayanımı %7.5 SD oranı ile üretilen numunelerde elde
edilmiştir. Lifli numunelerde LB ‘ye göre SD oranı arttıkça basınç dayanımı
artmıştır. Bütün yaşlarda en büyük basınç dayanımı artışı %10 SD oranı ile üretilen numunelerde elde
edilmiştir.