bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Confirmation of 2,4‐D resistance and identification of multiple resistance in a Kansas Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) population
Authors: Kumar Vipan , Liu Rui , Boyer Grant , Stahlman Phillip W 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDAmaranthus palmeri S. Wats is among the most problematic annual broadleaf weed species in the USA, including in Kansas. In late summer 2015, seeds of an A. palmeri population (MHR) that had survived field‐use rates of 2,4‐D were collected from Barton County, KS, USA. The main objectives were to: (i) confirm and characterize 2,4‐D resistance in a MHR population; (ii) characterize the resistance profile of the MHR population in relation to a multiple herbicide‐susceptible (MHS) population to glyphosate, chlorsulfuron, atrazine, mesotrione, fomesafen; and (iii) determine the effectiveness of alternative POST burndown herbicides for controlling MHR population.RESULTSThe MHR population had 3.2‐fold resistance to 2,4‐D. In addition, the MHR population also exhibited multiple resistance to glyphosate (11.8‐fold), chlorsulfuron (5.0‐fold), atrazine (14.4‐fold), and mesotrione (13.4‐fold). Furthermore, the MHR population also showed reduced sensitivity to fomesafen (2.3‐fold). In a separate study, dicamba with glyphosate, atrazine or fluroxypyr + 2,4‐D, and paraquat alone or with atrazine, metribuzin, saflufenacil or 2,4‐D provided ≥ 99% injury to the MHR population. Similarly, saflufenacil alone or with atrazine, metribuzin or 2,4‐D, and glufosinate alone or with glyphosate + 2,4‐D, and glyphosate + dicamba, and a premix of bicyclopyrone + atrazine + mesotrione + S‐metolachlor also effectively controlled the MHR population.CONCLUSIONThis research confirms the first global case of an A. palmeri population from Kansas with multiple resistance to 2,4‐D, glyphosate, chlorsulfuron, atrazine and mesotrione, and reduced sensitivity to fomesafen. Dicamba, glufosinate, paraquat, and saflufenacil alone or in tank‐mixtures with PRE herbicides effectively controlled this MHR population. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Statistical testing strategies for assessing treatment efficacy and marker accuracy in phase III trials
Authors: Nonaka Takahiro , Igeta Masataka , Matsui Shigeyuki 
Published: March 2019

SummaryWhen a candidate predictive marker is available, but evidence on its predictive ability is not sufficiently reliable, all‐comers trials with marker stratification are frequently conducted. We propose a framework for planning and evaluating prospective testing strategies in confirmatory, phase III marker‐stratified clinical trials based on a natural assumption on heterogeneity of treatment effects across marker‐defined subpopulations, where weak rather than strong control is permitted for multiple population tests. For phase III marker‐stratified trials, it is expected that treatment efficacy is established in a particular patient population, possibly in a marker‐defined subpopulation, and that the marker accuracy is assessed when the marker is used to restrict the indication or labelling of the treatment to a marker‐based subpopulation, ie, assessment of the clinical validity of the marker. In this paper, we develop statistical testing strategies based on criteria that are explicitly designated to the marker assessment, including those examining treatment effects in marker‐negative patients. As existing and developed statistical testing strategies can assert treatment efficacy for either the overall patient population or the marker‐positive subpopulation, we also develop criteria for evaluating the operating characteristics of the statistical testing strategies based on the probabilities of asserting treatment efficacy across marker subpopulations. Numerical evaluations to compare the statistical testing strategies based on the developed criteria are provided.
Development of Materials for Blue Organic Light Emitting Devices
Authors: Sarma Monima , Wong Ken‐Tsung 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe success of organic light emitting diodes (OLED) has been witnessed by the commercialization of this technology for manufacturing the vivid and colorful displays used in our daily life now. The prospective growth of OLED technology on display industry will be optimistic. Over the last three decades, many different approaches on material and device designs have been implemented for improving the efficiency and stability of OLED devices. These efforts install main cornerstones to support the great achievement of OLED technology. However, until now, the performance and stability of blue OLEDs still have some concerns. This troublesome issue should be totally conquered before the large‐scale manufactures dominated over other display technologies, particularly liquid crystal‐based displays, takes place. Though significant progress has already been made to achieve high performance and long lifetime blue OLEDs, this topic still remains as one of the hot researches in OLEDs. We have been working on this area for about two decades and made some notable contributions. Consequently, in this personal account we have outlined our efforts to obtain better performing blue OLEDs by utilizing a range of emitters based on fluorescence, phosphorescence, delayed fluorescence and exciplex systems. We have also developed some novel host materials for blue OLEDs, which are worth mentioning in this account.
Is Calcification in the Regional Lymph Nodes a Benign Feature in Patients with Lung Cancer?
Authors: Nakanishi Keita , Nakagawa Kazuo , Asakura Keisuke , Yoshida Yukihiro , Watanabe Hirokazu , Watanabe Shun‐ichi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundCalcified lymph nodes (LNs) on computed tomography (CT) in patients with lung cancer are generally considered to be a benign feature. However, few studies have evaluated the pathological status of such calcified LNs. We investigated the clinicopathological findings of patients with calcified LNs on preoperative CT who underwent operation for lung cancer and assessed the frequency of metastasis to calcified LNs as well as the risk factors associated with such metastases.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of 72 consecutive patients with calcified LNs detected on preoperative CT who underwent pulmonary resection for primary lung cancer between 2011 and 2013. A total of 354 LN stations including 101 LN stations with calcified LNs were evaluated.ResultsThe frequency of metastasis to calcified LNs was 19.4% (14 of 72 patients) on a per‐person basis and 18.8% (19 of 101 stations) on a per‐nodal station basis. When the size of calcification was major (>5 mm), the frequency of metastasis to such calcified LNs was significantly lower than when it was minor (≦5 mm) on a per‐nodal station basis (11.1% vs 27.7%, P = 0.043). Furthermore, when the size of calcification was major and the status of LN stations with calcified LNs was single, there was no metastasis to such LN stations (0 of 26 stations).ConclusionsThe frequency of metastasis to calcified LNs was about 20% on both a per‐person and a per‐nodal station basis. Although calcified LNs as well as non‐calcified LNs should be dissected during operation, dissection of a single LN station with calcification, particularly major calcification, can be omitted.
The global technology frontier: productivity growth and the relevance of Kirznerian and Schumpeterian entrepreneurship
Authors: Lafuente Esteban , Acs Zoltan J. , Sanders Mark , Szerb László 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe evaluate how country-level entrepreneurship—measured via the national system of entrepreneurship—triggers total factor productivity (TFP) by increasing the effects of Kirznerian and Schumpeterian entrepreneurship. Using a database for 45 developed and developing countries during 2002–2013, we employ non-parametric techniques to build a world technology frontier and compute TFP estimates. The results of the common factor models reveal that the national system of entrepreneurship is a relevant conduit of TFP, and that this effect is heterogeneous across countries. Policies supporting Kirznerian entrepreneurship—e.g., increased business formation rates—may promote the creation of low value-adding businesses which is not associated with higher TFP rates. Policy interventions targeting Schumpeterian entrepreneurship objectives—e.g., innovative entrepreneurship and the development of new technologies—are conducive to technical change by promoting upward shifts in the countries’ production function and, consequently, productivity growth.
Brain networks require a network-conscious psychopathological approach
Authors: Pasqualotto Achille 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn experimental psychology and neuroscience, technological advances and multisensory research have contributed to gradually dismiss a version of reductionism. Empirical results no longer support a brain model in which distinct “modules” perform discrete functions, but rather, a brain of partially overlapping networks. A similarly changed brain model is extending to psychopathology and clinical psychology, and partly accounts for the problems of reductionism.
Elimination, not reduction: Lessons from the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) and multiple realisation
Authors: Pernu Tuomas K. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe thesis of multiple realisation that Borsboom et al. are relying on should not be taken for granted. In dissolving the apparent multiple realisation, the reductionist research strategies in psychopathology research (the Research Domain Criteria [RDoC] framework, in particular) are bound to lead to eliminativism rather than reductionism. Therefore, Borsboom et al. seem to be aiming at a wrong target.
Families of network structures – we need both phenomenal and explanatory models
Authors: Ward Tony , Fischer Ronald 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSymptom network models (SNWMs) play an important role in identifying but not explaining patterns of symptoms. We discuss underlying assumptions of SNWMs and argue that they represent phenomenal models, best suited to detecting patterns among symptoms. SNWMs need to be supplemented with mechanistic models that provide constitutive and etiological explanations of each symptom (network nodes) once relevant patterns have been identified.
Beyond reduction with the representation: The need for causality with full complexity to unravel mental health
Authors: Desseilles Martin , Phillips Christophe 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this commentary on Borsboom et al.’s target article, we argue that researchers should be aware of the historical development of models in neuroscience. Considering the importance of causality in anatomo-clinical approach and stressing the complexity of mental phenomenon, we provide new insight on reductionism and representation limitation.
The ideology of ageismversusthe social imaginary of the fourth age: two differing approaches to the negative contexts of old age
Authors: Higgs Paul , Gilleard Chris 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe development of social gerontology has led to the emergence of its own terminology and conceptual armoury. ‘Ageism’ has been a key concept in articulating the mission of gerontology and was deliberately intended to act as an equivalent to the concepts of racism and sexism. As a term, it has established itself as a lodestone for thinking about the de-valued and residualised social status of older people in contemporary society. Given this background, ageism has often been used to describe an overarching ideology that operates in society to the detriment of older people and which in large part explains their economic, social and cultural marginality. This paper critiques this approach and suggests an alternative based upon the idea of the social imaginary of the fourth age. It argues that not only is the idea of ageism too totalising and contradictory but that it fails to address key aspects of the corporeality of old age. Adopting the idea of a social imaginary offers a more nuanced theoretical approach to the tensions that are present in later life without reducing them to a single external cause or explanation. In so doing, this leaves the term free to serve, in a purely descriptive manner, as a marker of prejudice.
Trajectory Tracking and Stability Analysis for Mobile Manipulators Based on Decentralized Control
Authors: Fareh Raouf , Saad Mohamad R. , Saad Maarouf , Brahmi Abdelkrim , Bettayeb Maamar 
Published: March 2019

SummaryTrajectory tracking of a mobile manipulator in the Cartesian space based on decentralized control is considered in this paper. The dynamic model is first rearranged to take the form of two interconnected subsystems with constraint flow, namely, a nonholonomic mobile platform subsystem and a holonomic manipulator subsystem. Secondly, using the inverse kinematics, the workspace desired trajectory of the mobile manipulator is transformed to the manipulator joint space as well as the platform desired trajectory. The kinematic control is developed from the desired trajectory of the platform. Then, the desired velocity is derived using the kinematic controller of the mobile platform, after which the velocity is used to obtain the control law of the mobile platform subsystem. Thirdly, the control law of the manipulator subsystem is developed based on the desired and real values of the manipulator, as well as the desired velocity. According to the Lyapunov stability theory, the proposed decentralized control strategy guarantees the global stability of the closed-loop system, and the tracking errors are bounded. Experimental results obtained on a 3-DOF manipulator mounted on a mobile platform are given to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach. This is confirmed by a comparison with the computed torque approach.
Some Remarks on the External Relations of the European Communities
Authors: Schloh Bernhard 
Published: March 2019

The three European Communities and their institutions There are three European Communities:– the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), established by the Treaty of Paris, of 18 April 1951,– the European Economic Community (EEC, “Common Market”), and– the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM), the two latter both established by the Treaties of Rome, of 25 March 1957.
SSRN and Law Journals - Rivals or Allies?†
Authors: Ramsay Ian 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe author identifies and evaluates the respective merits of publication in law journals and publication on the Social Science Research Network (SSRN) - the largest open access repository for legal scholarship. This evaluation leads to the conclusion that at this stage of the evolution of law journals and SSRN, there are advantages in authors publishing both in journals and on SSRN. However, publication on SSRN can have particular advantages for authors in smaller countries.
A Legal Information Service for Practitioners
Authors: Dudley Miriam 
Published: March 2019

I am now going to transfer you rapidly from the global information service to a locally targeted and focused legal information service designed to meet the particular needs of a small jurisdiction like Northern Ireland.SLS Legal Publications was established in 1980 as a unique and profoundly innovative experiment in Northern Ireland (N.I.). Its continued existence 20 years later is testament to the fact that it has not only become a success story but is now an integral part of the legal system in Northern Ireland. SLS Legal Publications is a legal publishing and training company based within the Queen's University of Belfast (QUB) and sponsored by the NICS, the Law Society of N.I. and the Bar Council of N.I. QUB's sponsorship takes the form of the provision of accommodation and accounting services. The purpose of SLS is to provide a legal information service in various ways to the Northern Ireland legal profession and the wider community and I will expand on those various ways later in this talk.
Legal Databases in France, Switzerland and Italy
Authors: Bischof Christiane Serkis 
Published: March 2019

France started to develop databanks in 1970, in a difficult national situation where initiators from both private and public sectors scattered their efforts in all directions, with different conceptions and techniques.In 1984, a national policy for the development of computerized legal information was settled with a study and a report named “Rapport Leclerq”.
Simultaneously examining negative appraisals, emotion reactivity, and cognitive reactivity in relation to depressive symptoms in children
Authors: Cole David A. , Zelkowitz Rachel L. , Nick Elizabeth A. , Lubarsky Sophia R. , Rights Jason D. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPrior theory and research have linked negative appraisals (NA), emotion reactivity (ER), and cognitive reactivity (CR) to depression; however, few studies have examined whether even two of these constructs simultaneously, but none have done so in child or adolescent populations. A total of 571 youths (ages 9–13) completed a novel procedure in which all three constructs were assessed in response to the same personally relevant, hypothetical, peer victimization events. Multilevel modeling enabled the extraction of dynamic, within-person, latent-variable measures of NA, ER, and CR. All three constructs were related to children's depressive symptoms in ways that were commensurate with most (but not all) theoretical frameworks. Gender and age differences also emerged. Support for an NA-predicts-ER-predicts-CR model suggests ways that these constructs can be integrated into a more complete, transtheoretical understanding of the cognitive-emotional substrate of depression in children.
The deteriorating patient representative on a palliative care quality committee: Ethical and practical considerations
Authors: Eastman Peter , Le Brian 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis case study describes the involvement of a patient representative on a palliative care committee and outlines some of the issues that arose as her health deteriorated. A summary of the increasing involvement of patient representation within health care governance is provided, and some of the challenges raised by the case, many of which may be relatively unique to palliative care, are discussed. It is hoped that presentation of this fairly novel scenario provides other palliative care providers with the opportunity to consider their own processes and practices around managing a similar situation should it occur in their healthcare setting.
Rediscovering the Yellow River and the Yangtze River: the Circulation of Discourses on the North–South Dichotomy between Late Qing China and Meiji Japan
Authors: Chen Fei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMany novels, poems, and academic works produced in the last decades of Qing China were characterized by a structure of North–South dichotomy. While existing studies have investigated the root of this narrative structure in Chinese traditions, this article tries to uncover Japan's lesser-known role in the revitalization of traditional discourses. It first discusses how Japanese intellectuals, such as Shiga Shigetaka and Naitō Konan, reconfigured Chinese discourses on the North–South dichotomy as theories to assert Japan's superiority over China. It goes on to examine how Liang Qichao appropriated Japanese theories to mobilize southern Chinese to participate in state politics. It then explores how Chinese revolutionary students in Japan exploited Japanese intellectuals’ and Liang's discourses to promote a cross-provincial consciousness by representing China as a river-based region writ large. Lastly, it reveals how the restructured discourses on the North–South dichotomy were manipulated by revolutionaries after they flowed back to China.
Geochemical and Geochronological Constraints on the Origin and Emplacement of the East Taiwan Ophiolite
Authors: Lin Chiou‐Ting , Harris Ron , Sun Wei‐Dong , Zhang Guo‐Liang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe East Taiwan Ophiolite (ETO) occurs as blocks and thrust sheets associated with the Lichi Mélange in the Coastal Range of eastern Taiwan. The blocks consist of serpentinized harzburgite, serpentinite breccia, gabbro, dikes of dolerite and plagiogranite, pillow basalts, and red clay within a mud‐ and serpentinite‐rich mélange matrix. New U‐Pb zircon dating of a pegmatite gabbro yields a weighted mean age of 16.65 ± 0.20 Ma. This age is earlier than the North Luzon Arc but overlaps with the late‐stage spreading of the South China Sea. ETO glassy basalt has low K2O, MgO and high CaO contents, similar to MORB. REE and trace element patterns show both N‐MORB patterns with LREE depletion and E‐MORB patterns with slight LREE enrichment. A few samples show slight depletion in Nb‐Ta and Ti and enrichment in Rb, Ba, U and Sr, indicating a hint of subduction influence. Most ETO basalt plots within the overlapping fields of N‐MORB and BABB on Ti‐V, Cr‐Y, Nb/Yb‐Th/Yb, and Hf/3‐Th‐Ta discrimination diagrams. These geochemical compositions are emblematic of mid‐ocean ridge or back‐arc lava, like South China Sea basalt. We interpret ETO basalt and gabbro as fragments of the subducted South China Sea basement that were scrapped off and accreted to the Luzon forearc during the process of subduction initiation along the Manila Trench. Blocks of mantle material in the mélange may originate from the upper plate of the arc‐continent collision and were mixed with lower plate crustal material in a subduction channel now represented by the Lichi Mélange.
Effect of Dust Storm and GCR Impact on the Production Rate of O3+ in MY 28 and MY 29: Modeling and SPICAM Observation
Authors: Haider S. A. , Siddhi Y. S. , Masoom J. , Bougher S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe have developed a seasonally dependent energy loss model to calculate the zonally averaged production rates of O3+ due to impact of galactic cosmic rays in the dayside troposphere of Mars between solar longitudes (Ls) ~0° and 360° at low latitudes (2°N, 2°S, 25°N, and 25°S), midlatitudes (45°N and 45°S), and high latitudes (70°N and 70°S) in the Martian Year (MY) 28 and MY 29. We also represent the seasonal variability of zonally averaged ozone column density obtained from Mars Climate Database (MCD; Millour et al., 2014, https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01139592) during the daytime. These results are compared with the daytime observations of column ozone made by Spectroscopy for the Investigation of the Characteristics of the Atmosphere of Mars onboard Mars Express (MEX). At mid‐to‐high latitudes ozone column density is maximum in northern winter and minimum in southern summer. At low‐to‐middle latitudes (2°N–S, 25°N–S, and 45°N–S), the production rates of O3+ represent a broad peak between altitudes 26 and 45 km in both hemispheres. The peak production rates are increasing up to Ls = 47.5° and then stabilized at about 2.5 × 10−8 cm−3/s. At Ls ≥ 47.5° the peak production rate of O3+ starts decreasing until it disappeared after Ls = 127.5°. A major dust storm occurred in MY 28 at Ls~280° in southern latitudes (~25°–35°S). During the dust storm period, dust opacity, ozone column density, and O3+ production rate on the surface of Mars were increased by a factor of ~3.