bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soo-Keun, Park [박수근] (1914–1965)
Authors: Youngna Kim 
Published: September 2018

Park Soo-Keun is one of the most popular Korean painters of modern times. A self-taught artist, he graduated with only an elementary school education and received no regular art classes. However, from an early age, he wanted to become an artist like Jean François-Millet whose paintings he saw in art books. The artist is known to have said, "I have a very ordinary philosophy on art that is an artist should paint the goodness and truthfulness in people. So the people I paint are of humble origins rather than diverse and complex. My favorite subjects are grandfathers, grandmothers, and young children, the ordinary people we find in our households." Indeed, his paintings are as honest and candid as are his words. He experimented with various techniques to develop his own texture. He would cover his drawing board with canvas and then apply heavy layers of white, brown and black. Taking influence from Buddhist pagodas and statues, he would paint people on top of this thickly built texture with the effect of making them look as if they were painted on rock. His figures thus grew gradually flatter, buried in the thick texture he had crafted as the composition became more condensed.
Tamari, Vera (1945--)
Authors: Sherwell Tina 
Published: September 2018

Vera Tamari was born in 1945 in Jerusalem. Her parents, originally from the coastal city of Jaffa, exposed their children to visual art, music, and literature from an early age. Vera’s older brother, Vladimir, is an artist based in Japan, and her sister Tania is a classical singer. Tamari received her BA in Fine Arts at the Beirut Women’s College between 1962–1966, and then pursued her studies in ceramics in Florence between 1972–1974. In 1982 she received a Master’s of Philosophy in Islamic Art and Architecture from Oxford University. She established the first ceramic art studio in Ramallah and held the post of professor in Islamic Art and Architecture at Birzeit University in the West Bank until her recent retirement. She is active as a curator, artist, and writer.
Several major themes remain consistent in Tamari’s work throughout her career. In her early work, Tamari drew inspiration from traditional Palestinian ceramics, which she integrated along with specific references to the long history of the art form. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, her work specifically negotiated her relationship to the Palestinian landscape through three-dimensional and relief works that mapped out its terrains.
Chaplin, Charlie (1889–1977)
Authors: Banerjee Ria 
Published: September 2018

Charles Spenser Chaplin was born in London on April 16, 1889, and died on Christmas Day, 1977, at home in Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland. He had been famous across the world since his Tramp persona first hit screens in 1914 and besides earning numerous film awards he was knighted in 1975. Chaplin took to the stage in 1898 and came to the US in 1910 on tour with a British vaudeville troupe. In December 1913 he joined the Keystone Pictures studio in Hollywood with whom he made hits like The Kid (1921) and The Gold Rush (1925). Nonetheless, Chaplin embodied the essence of modernism. The Little Review, where James Joyce’s Ulysses (1922) was first serialized, published an admiring article calling him "the Mob-God," a figure who embodied the gestalt of the times (1916).
When WWI broke out Chaplin did not enlist, which momentarily dipped his appeal; he returned to popularity in the post-war period with hits like The Kid (1921) and The Gold Rush (1925). Chaplin grew restless with the Tramp persona and wanted to leave it behind (Casseres, NYTimes, 12/12/1920), but it was not until The Great Dictator (1940) that he abandoned it. This was also his first sound film.
Little Magazines
Authors: Drouin Jeffrey , Huculak J. Matthew 
Published: September 2018

In the history of modernism, little magazines were often the first venues to publish unknown authors who are now considered the leading lights of twentieth-century literature. A little magazine is a periodical dedicated primarily to serious literature, usually featuring poetry, short stories, serialized novels, and sometimes dramatic installments, as well as essays, reviews, and reader correspondence. They are called ‘little’ (sometimes also ‘small magazines’) owing to their cultivation of coterie contributorships and readerships in opposition to large commercial magazines whose content is strongly influenced by markets. As such, little magazines often prize experimental content that contravenes the public taste, which is one reason they were the primary vehicles for the development of modernism, its many movements, and their niche audiences. In many cases, the lack of a robust commercial apparatus meant that little magazines tended to be irregularly published and short lived, but with outsized contributions to literature and culture, such as the simultaneous serialization of James Joyce’s Ulysses in The Little Review (1914–29) and The Egoist (1914–19) and T. S. Eliot’s The Waste Land in The Dial (1920–29) and The Criterion (1922–39).
Little magazines originated during the nineteenth century on the European continent, in Great Britain, and in the United States. During the twentieth century, most little magazines" innovative agendae began as a reaction against the rise of large commercial periodicals that sold issues below cost in order to boost circulation, gaining more profit by selling advertising space.
Fitzgerald, F. Scott (1896–1940)
Authors: Templeton Erin 
Published: September 2018

Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald was an American novelist, short-story writer, and cultural critic. Best-known for his 1925 novel The Great Gatsby, he coined the term "The Jazz Age" to refer to the riotous lifestyle of alcohol and excess that characterized the zeitgeist of the United States during the Roaring Twenties.
Born in Saint Paul, Minnesota, Fitzgerald was named after a well-known distant relative, Francis Scott Key, author of "The Star Spangled Banner." He attended but did not graduate from Princeton University, where he was a member of the Princeton Triangle club—a theater group dedicated to musical-comedy—and where he wrote for the literary magazine as well as the campus paper. During his time at Princeton Fitzgerald began work on what would eventually become his first novel, This Side of Paradise (then titled The Romantic Egoist). The energy devoted to such extracurricular activities took its toll on Fitzgerald’s coursework, and he dropped out of the university in 1917 to enlist in the United States Army. Fitzgerald was stationed in Alabama at Camp Sheridan but did not see combat in World War I. He was in New York awaiting deployment when the armistice was signed in 1918.
Bauhaus
Authors: Baumhoff Anja , Funkenstein Susan 
Published: September 2018

In 1919 a young architect named Walter Gropius initiated one of the most modern art schools of the twentieth century in the city of Weimar in Thuringia, Germany. He called it the Bauhaus. Its unusual name can be translated as "building hut," indicating its connection with the medieval tradition of cathedral building and the idea of a total work of art.
The Bauhaus is not only famous for its ideas or its buildings in Weimar and Dessau but also for its members, among them the three directors of the school—the architects Walter Gropius (1919–1928), Hannes Meyer (1928–1930), and Mies van der Rohe (1930–1932). Teachers included renowned modern artists such as Lyonel Feininger, Vassily Kandinsky, Paul Klee, László and Lucia Moholy-Nagy, Herbert Bayer, Marcel Breuer, Wilhelm Wagenfeld, Anni und Josef Albers, Oskar Schlemmer, Marianne Brandt, and Gunta Stölzl. All of them endorsed modernism at a time when modern art and abstraction was far from being accepted—contemporaries understood it first of all to be a post-war rebellion similar to the then notorious Dada movement. The overall aim of the Bauhaus was to redefine fundaments of composition and construction as well as the use of colors.
Evolution of seaports of the Russian Far East in relation to changes in the energy structure in Pacific Asia
Authors: Venevsky Sergey , Zaostrovskikh Elena 
Published: September 2018

Abstract. We estimated the current state of seaports Vanino and Sovetskaya Gavan, situated in the
Russian Far East, as beneficiaries to themselves (at local scale), to
Khabarovsk Krai (regional or provincial scale) and to the Russian Federation
(inter-regional or federal scale). Further, we make projections for the near
future (until the year 2030) for conditions of current export fuel supply
demands in China and for conditions of climate-friendly energy restructuring
in China. It is shown that the coal specialization of Vanino and
Sovetskaya Gavan seaports will not be profitable
in the near future (year 2030) for conditions of climate-friendly energy
restructuring in China. There will be considerable economic losses at the
national level if coal specialization is persistent. Thus, environmental
policies regarding energy structure in a country with a large economy may
sufficiently influence the development of transport, industry and urban
infrastructure on an inter-regional, regional or local level for a country
importing fuel resources.
A model perspective on the dynamics of the shadow zone of the eastern tropical North Atlantic – Part 1: the poleward slope currents along West Africa
Authors: Kounta Lala , Capet Xavier , Jouanno Julien , Kolodziejczyk Nicolas , Sow Bamol , Gaye Amadou Thierno 
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The West African seaboard is one of the upwelling sectors that has received
the least attention, and in situ observations relevant to its dynamics are
particularly scarce. The current system in this sector is not well known and
understood, e.g., in terms of seasonal variability, across-shore structure,
and forcing processes. This knowledge gap is addressed in two studies that
analyze the mean seasonal cycle of an eddy-permitting numerical simulation of
the tropical Atlantic. Part 1 is concerned with the circulation over the West
African continental slope at the southernmost reach of the Canary Current
system, between ∼8 and 20∘ N. The focus is on the depth range
most directly implicated in the wind-driven circulation (offshore and coastal
upwellings and Sverdrup transport) located above the potential density
σt=26.7 kg m−3 in the model (approx. above 250 m of depth). In
this sector and for this depth range, the flow is predominantly poleward as a
direct consequence of positive wind stress curl forcing, but the degree to
which the magnitude of the upper ocean poleward transport reflects Sverdrup
theory varies with latitude. The model poleward flow also exhibits a marked
semiannual cycle with transport maxima in spring and fall. Dynamical
rationalizations of these characteristics are offered in terms of wind
forcing of coastal trapped waves and Rossby wave dynamics. Remote forcing by
seasonal fluctuations of coastal winds in the Gulf of Guinea plays an
instrumental role in the fall intensification of the poleward flow. The
spring intensification appears to be related to wind fluctuations taking
place at shorter distances north of the Gulf of Guinea entrance and also
locally. Rossby wave activity accompanying the semiannual fluctuations of
the poleward flow in the coastal waveguide varies greatly with latitude,
which in turn exerts a major influence on the vertical structure of the
poleward flow. Although the realism of the model West African boundary
currents is difficult to determine precisely, the present in-depth
investigation provides a renewed framework for future observational programs
in the region.
Social Currencies and Cryptocurrencies: Characteristics, Risks and Comparative Analysis
Authors: Lara Gómez Graciela , Demmler Michael 
Published: September 2018

This article deals with the concepts of social currencies and cryptocurrencies. The objective of the present paper is to identify similarities and differences between to two currency systems which represent a new generation of money that exists alongside the official and legal money system. The paper includes an analysis of the major characteristics of both currencies, their operating mechanisms in global and local contexts, as well as their risks and challenges for the financial markets. The article uses a mainly documentary research method and presents selected contributions of experts on the topics of social currencies and cryptocurrencies. Furthermore, empirical evidence is presented to highlight some important characteristics of the Bitcoin currency. The principal result of the paper is that, indeed there exist similarities between social currencies and cryptocurrencies, as for example the absence of a central bank, a lack of regulation and a limited minting process. However, because of aspects like their different origins, their local vs. global character and their inherent financial risks, the two money systems need to be interpreted as fundamentally different. Especially with reference to globally operating cryptocurrencies, given that there does not exist any public cover of the currency nor sufficient regulation, risk management mechanisms need to be improved in order to diminish the speculative tendencies inherent to this currency.
Economía del Bien Común y Finanzas Éticas
Authors: Sanchis Palacio Joan Ramon , Campos Climent Vanessa 
Published: September 2018

El modelo de la Economía del Bien Común (EBC) propone el uso de instrumentos, medidas e indicadores para aplicar una gestión financiera ética en las organizaciones. Esto se traduce en el trabajo con bancos éticos y sociales y el uso de otros instrumentos financieros alternativos. De esta manera, el dinero deja de ser un fin en sí mismo y se convierte en un medio al servicio del crecimiento de las empresas y del desarrollo humano. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar el tratamiento que la EBC hace de las finanzas éticas a través del estudio de los criterios y subcriterios que se utilizan en la Matriz del Bien Común. Esta Matriz relaciona determinados valores y algunos de los principios universales de los Derechos Humanos con los diferentes grupos de interés de la empresa y establece una serie de variables e indicadores que facilitan la medición de la contribución de las organizaciones al bien común. El análisis realizado demuestra que el modelo de la EBC utiliza como criterio para el comportamiento de las empresas la ética en las finanzas y propone la colaboración con bancos éticos y sociales para financiarse. Aunque la oferta de finanzas éticas y sociales es aún escasa, las empresas que implementan el Balance del Bien Común persiguen la mejora de su comportamiento en relación con el uso de instrumentos de finanzas éticas para realizar sus inversiones y gestionar sus recursos financieros.
Impacto social y económico de las aceleradoras de emprendimiento: análisis de factores condicionantes e implicaciones para la innovación social
Authors: Cánovas Saiz Lydia , March Chordà Isidre , Yagüe Perales Rosa María 
Published: September 2018

Este estudio indaga de forma pionera y exploratoria en el desempeño de las Aceleradoras y las start-ups albergadas en ellas en términos del empleo que generan. Los emprendedores que participan en una Aceleradora viven una experiencia que es crucial para la supervivencia, desarrollo y expansión de su start-up. Las Aceleradoras están generando una enorme expectación en España con Valencia a la cabeza, pero son un fenómeno muy reciente por lo que las evidencias empíricas existentes a día de hoy son poco concluyentes o inexistentes. De ahí el carácter pionero de nuestro estudio, el cual ofrece a partir de una muestra de 116 aceleradoras una aproximación al alcance del empleo generado por las start-ups ubicadas en ellas. Las evidencias empíricas encontradas aportan valiosas implicaciones prácticas a tener en cuenta a la hora de generar expectativas realistas acerca de estos instrumentos. Los resultados, de carácter exploratorio, demuestran que las Aceleradoras localizadas en EEUU estimulan la creación de un mayor número de start-ups que en otros países, así como de puestos de trabajo. El estudio identifica las variables que más intensamente inciden en la creación de nuevas empresas y sus niveles de empleo.
Long Distance Transport of Microdroplets and Precise Microfluidic Patterning Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Nie Jinhui , Ren Zewei , Bai Yu , Shao Jiajia , Jiang Tao , Xu Liang , Chen Xiangyu , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHere, a smart microfluidic system that can realize both long distance transport of micro‐/nanodroplets and precise patterning of microfluidics is designed based on triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and a photocontrollable adhesion surface (PCAS). The high output voltage from TENG can eject a microdroplet to a maximum distance of 640 mm (a maximum distance/diameter ratio of 300), while TENG can also manipulate the microdroplet under a thick dielectric layer (2 mm). Meanwhile, water adhesion as well as contact angle of the PCAS changes significantly with a short period of UV treatment and thus it can help to capture the moving microfluidics at the designated position. Moreover, microfluidic patterning with a variety of patterns and arrays on this PCAS can be obtained by using UV imprinting and the combination of TENG and PCAS can achieve an effective self‐powered microfluidic patterning system. Finally, a tunable gripper probe for 3D transport of microdroplets is demonstrated as another application of TENG and PCAS. These smart microfluidic systems based on TENG and PCAS have excellent applicability for many fields, such as drug/cell delivery, controllable chemical reaction for liquid testing, and production of microdroplets.
Advances in Receptor‐Mediated, Tumor‐Targeted Drug Delivery
Authors: Large Danielle E. , Soucy Jonathan R. , Hebert Jacob , Auguste Debra T. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractReceptor‐mediated drug delivery presents an opportunity to enhance therapeutic efficiency by accumulating drug within the tissue of interest and reducing undesired, off‐target effects. In cancer, receptor overexpression is a platform for binding and inhibiting pathways that shape biodistribution, toxicity, cell binding and uptake, and therapeutic function. This review will identify tumor‐targeted drug delivery vehicles and receptors that show promise for clinical translation based on quantitative in vitro and in vivo data. The authors describe the rationale to engineer a targeted drug delivery vehicle based on the ligand, chemical conjugation method, and type of drug delivery vehicle. Recent advances in multivalent targeting and ligand organization on tumor accumulation are discussed. Revolutionizing receptor‐mediated drug delivery may be leveraged in the therapeutic delivery of chemotherapy, gene editing tools, and epigenetic drugs.
Recent Advances in van der Waals Heterojunctions Based on Semiconducting Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
Authors: Li Ruiping , Li Lain‐Jong , Cheng Yingchun , Huang Wei 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDue to the direct bandgap with coupled spin–valley physics, semiconducting MX2 (M = Mo, W; X = S, Se) materials have attracted considerable attention and have numerous proposed applications. With the development of 2D materials research, many 2D materials have been discovered, such as insulators, semiconductors, ferromagnetic semiconductors, topological insulators, metals, and ferromagnetic metals. van der Waals heterojunctions (vdWHs), based on MX2 and other 2D materials, have attracted increasing attention because of their various potential applications, such as field effect transistors, solar cells, photodetectors, light emitting diodes, and lasers. Based on the functionality of 2D materials, vdWHs are classified into six classes: MX2/semiconductors, MX2/insulators, MX2/topological insulators, MX2/ferromagnetic semiconductors, MX2/metals, and MX2/ferromagnetic metals. For each class of vdWHs, the structural, electronic, and optical properties, as well as potential applications in electronics and optoelectronics, are reviewed. Finally, an overview of perspectives and challenges regarding vdWHs based on MX2 materials is presented.
Harsh‐Environmental‐Resistant Triboelectric Nanogenerator and Its Applications in Autodrive Safety Warning
Authors: Wen Jing , Chen Baodong , Tang Wei , Jiang Tao , Zhu Laipan , Xu Liang , Chen Jian , Shao Jiajia , Han Kai , Ma Wen , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRapid advancements in multifunctional triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) for energy harvesting and self‐powered sensing must be partnered with corresponding advances in durability and heat‐resistance, especially under harsh working conditions. A device suitable for harsh environmental applications based on the wear‐resistant triboelectric material is reported. The working modes of the harsh‐environmental TENG (heTENG) are composed of freestanding and single electrode that enable both harvesting sliding/vibration energy and self‐powered vibrational sensing. For the first time, a TENG possessing wear resistance, withstanding high temperature, and high hardness is achieved by employing micro–nanocomposite for triboelectric materials. It is demonstrated to be directly used as a key supporting part, such as automobile's brake pads. In addition, it is found that the heTENG outputs 221 V, 27.9 µA cm−2, and 33.4 µC cm−2. Furthermore, since heTENG is vibration‐sensitive, the automobile's self‐powered smart braking system and sensor network are developed successfully which can automatically provide a precise early‐warning signals, such as a reminder for brake replacement, and an indicator for tire overloading, and pressure. This work shows a new strategy to enhance the performance of triboelectric materials, making it applicable to harsh environments, as well as potential applications in autonomous vehicles and industrial brakes.
Engineering Stress in Perovskite Solar Cells to Improve Stability
Authors: Rolston Nicholas , Bush Kevin A. , Printz Adam D. , Gold‐Parker Aryeh , Ding Yichuan , Toney Michael F. , McGehee Michael D. , Dauskardt Reinhold H. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAn overlooked factor affecting stability: the residual stresses in perovskite films, which are tensile and can exceed 50 MPa in magnitude, a value high enough to deform copper, is reported. These stresses provide a significant driving force for fracture. Films are shown to be more unstable under tensile stress—and conversely more stable under compressive stress—when exposed to heat or humidity. Increasing the formation temperature of perovskite films directly correlates with larger residual stresses, a result of the high thermal expansion coefficient of perovskites. Specifically, this tensile stress forms upon cooling to room temperature, as the substrate constrains the perovskite from shrinking. No evidence of stress relaxation is observed, with the purely elastic film stress attributed to the thermal expansion mismatch between the perovskite and substrate. Additionally, the authors demonstrate that using a bath conversion method to form the perovskite film at room temperature leads to low stress values that are unaffected by further annealing, indicating complete perovskite formation prior to annealing. It is concluded that reducing the film stress is a novel method for improving perovskite stability, which can be accomplished by lower formation temperatures, flexible substrates with high thermal expansion coefficients, and externally applied compressive stress after fabrication.