bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persistently Increased Resting Energy Expenditure Predicts Short-Term Mortality in Patients with Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure
Authors: Yao Jia , Zhou Xiaoshuang , Wang Hui , Yuan Lili , Chen Yu , Duan Zhongping 
Published: May 2018

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> Hypermetabolism based on measurements of resting energy expenditure (REE) is suggested to be a potential biomarker for predicting the clinical outcomes of some diseases. We aimed to evaluate the potential value of hypermetabolism for predicting the short-term (28-day) mortality of patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 105 HBV-ACLF patients, 30 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients and 30 healthy controls (HCs) were included in this study. The REE was measured using indirect calorimetry in the morning after 8–10 h of fasting. The predicted REE (REEHB) was determined using Harris-Benedict equation. Persistent hypermetabolism was defined as the REE:REEHB ratio &#x3e; 1.20 at day 1 and day 7 after admission. The severity of liver disease was estimated using the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD). Clinical and biochemical variables were determined using blood samples ordered upon admission. These variables were compared between nonsurviving and surviving patients who were classified according to the 28-day mortality. <b><i>Results:</i></b><i></i> The frequency of hypermetabolism at baseline was significantly higher in ACLF patients than that in HCs and CHB patients. Forty-six (43.8%) ACLF patients died within follow-up of 28 days. Persistent hypermetabolism (OR 2.10; 95% CI 1.15–3.69; <i>p</i> = 0.002) and MELD score (OR 1.93; 95% CI 1.47–3.51;<i> p</i> = 0.012) were independent predictive indicators of 28-day mortality. Furthermore, the performance of the 2 variables (persistent hypermetabolism and MELD) together with the area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC: 0.819) was significantly better than that of MELD alone ­(AUROC: 0.694) for prediction of short-term mortality (<i>p</i> = 0.014). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> These findings indicate that persistent hypermetabolism is predictive of short-term mortality in this small population.
Elevated Potassium Levels in Patients With Congestive Heart Failure: Occurrence, Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Thomsen Reimar Wernich , Nicolaisen Sia Kromann , Hasvold Pål , Garcia‐Sanchez Ricardo , Pedersen Lars , Adelborg Kasper , Egfjord Martin , Egstrup Kenneth , Sørensen Henrik Toft 
Published: May 2018

Background
Data on the true burden of hyperkalemia in patients with heart failure (HF) in a real‐world setting are limited.

Methods and Results
Incidence rates of hyperkalemia (first blood test with a potassium level >5.0 mmol/L) in primary or hospital care were assessed in a population‐based cohort of patients with incident HF diagnoses in northern Denmark from 2000 to 2012. Risk factors and clinical outcomes were compared in patients with HF with versus without hyperkalemia. Of 31 649 patients with HF, 39% experienced hyperkalemia (mean follow‐up, 2.2 years). Risks of experiencing a second, third, or fourth event were 43%, 54%, and 60%, respectively. Among patients with HF with stage 3A, 3B, 4, or 5 kidney dysfunction, 26%, 35%, 44%, and 48% experienced hyperkalemia within the first year. Important hyperkalemia risk factors included chronic kidney disease (prevalence ratio, 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.43−1.49), diabetes mellitus (prevalence ratio, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.32−1.45), and spironolactone use (prevalence ratio, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.42−1.54). In patients with HF who developed hyperkalemia, 53% had any acute‐care hospitalization 6 months before the hyperkalemia event, increasing to 74% 6 months after hyperkalemia (before‐after risk ratio, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.38−1.44). Compared with matched patients with HF without hyperkalemia, adjusted 6‐month hazard ratios in patients with hyperkalemia were 2.75‐fold (95% CI, 2.65–2.85) higher for acute‐care hospitalization and 3.39‐fold (95% CI, 3.19–3.61) higher for death.

Conclusions
Almost 4 in 10 patients with HF develop hyperkalemia, and many patients have recurrent hyperkalemia episodes. Hyperkalemia risk is strongly associated with degree of reduced kidney function and use of spironolactone. Hyperkalemia is associated with severe clinical outcomes and death in HF.
Is Rewriting Translation?
Authors: Screnock John 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This study considers the process of rewriting under a lens provided by the field of Translation Studies. One subset of translation, called “intralingual translation,” is translation within the same language. This concept provides a new paradigm in which to analyze “rewritten” texts, such as Chronicles and Jubilees. These texts contain changes that can be categorized within the paradigm of intralingual translation, showing that translation overlaps with rewriting and shedding significant light on the latter.
How to Date the Book of Jeremiah: Combining and Modifying Linguistic- and Profile-based Approaches
Authors: Schmid Konrad 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
It is impossible to deny the validity of a linguistic approach to dating biblical texts. But at the same time, it is necessary to caution against using a linguistic approach as a clear-cut tool. It should be employed in conjunction with other data and perspectives, such as theological profiles, intertextual links, as well as geographical and archaeological information. But what should one do if linguistic and alternative approaches to dating biblical texts yield seriously conflicting results, as is often the case? This question shall be discussed with some case studies from Jeremiah, doing so in discussion with Aaron Hornkohl’s recent work on the date of the book of Jeremiah.
Podarcis vaucheri (Sauria: Lacertidae) far away from home: a new invasive species in Greece
Authors: Spilani Loukia , Strachinis Ilias , Lampropoulos Andreas , Tsigas Pavlos , Poulakakis Nikos , Pafilis Panayiotis 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
In this study we aimed to clarify the identity of a wall lizard population that deviates phenotypically from the other Podarcis lizards that occur in the broader area (Athens, Greece). To this end we used molecular techniques. Most surprisingly, we identified the focal population as Podarcis vaucheri, a species far away from its natural range. Molecular results suggest an Iberian origin of this population. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of P. vaucheri outside its original range. The new population should be attributed to human-mediated introduction. The future interaction of this introduced species with native lizards, many of which are endemic to Greece, is of critical importance.
A survey investigating the diversity and distribution of entomopathogenic nematodes in the UK and the first confirmed UK record of Steinernema carpocapsae
Authors: Edmunds Cassandra , Post Rory J. , Wilding Craig S. , Rae Robbie 
Published: May 2018

Summary
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) of the families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae are lethal insect parasites that have been commercialised as biological control agents. EPN have been isolated from across the world but it has been more than 20 years since the last survey of the UK, and species like Steinernema carpocapsae have never been found here and positively identified through molecular biology. We collected 518 soil samples from a diverse range of habitats across the UK and baited them with Galleria mellonella to isolate EPN. Dead G. mellonella were placed in White traps and emergent EPN underwent DNA barcoding analyses. From the 518 samples, 3.5% were positive for EPN. No Heterorhabditis species were found, but seven isolates of S. glaseri, one isolate of S. feltiae, eight isolates of S. affine and two isolates of S. carpocapsae were found. This was the first confirmed record of S. carpocapsae in the UK.
Analysis of the 16 May 2015 Tipton, Oklahoma, EF-3 Tornado at High Spatiotemporal Resolution Using the Atmospheric Imaging Radar
Authors: Mahre Andrew , Kurdzo James M. , Bodine David J. , Griffin Casey B. , Palmer Robert D. , Yu Tian-You 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
In this study, data collected by the Atmospheric Imaging Radar (AIR) are analyzed in conjunction with WSR-88D data (KFDR) for a tornado near Tipton, Oklahoma, on 16 May 2015. The analysis presented herein utilizes PPIs from both radars, polarimetric data from KFDR, time–height plots from the AIR, and a ground-based velocity track display (GBVTD) analysis. This study is novel in that it uses high-resolution mobile radar data (update time of 6–7 s) in tandem with polarimetric data from KFDR in order to identify possible areas of debris, including a debris ring contained within the outer vortex circulation. Leveraging the high spatiotemporal resolution of the AIR with the polarimetric capability of KFDR leads to analysis of reflectivity distributions, debris lofting, kinematic changes, and oscillations in tornado intensity during a portion of the mature stage of the tornado, with a particular focus on the relationship between changes in the reflectivity field and dynamical changes around the tornado. Debris is lofted in a high-reflectivity concentric ring of increasing radius and height around the tornado over several minutes, within the outer weak-echo hole (WEH). Simultaneously, debris lofting and asymmetric reflectivity distribution around the WEH coincide with changes in vortex tilt on multiple occasions. In one instance, hydrometeor fallout appears to precede a possible descending reflectivity core. Using the GBVTD results, near-surface convergence intensifies at the same time and location as when the debris ring is lofted. Additionally, strengthening of the tornado via multiple modes of vertical evolution (i.e., bottom-up intensification over time vs simultaneous intensification throughout the lowest few hundred meters) is observed.
Trends and variation in prescribing of low-priority treatments identified by NHS England: a cross-sectional study and interactive data tool in English primary care
Authors: Walker Alex J , Curtis Helen J , Bacon Seb , Croker Richard , Goldacre Ben 
Published: May 2018

Objectives NHS England recently announced a consultation seeking to discourage the use of treatments it considers to be low-value. We set out to produce an interactive data resource to show savings in each NHS general practice and to assess the current use of these treatments, their change in use over time, and the extent and reasons for variation in such prescribing. Design Cross-sectional analysis. Setting English primary care. Participants English general practices. Main outcome measures We determined the cost per 1000 patients for prescribing of each of 18 treatments identified by NHS England for each month from July 2012 to June 2017, and also aggregated over the most recent year to assess total cost and variation among practices. We used mixed effects linear regression to determine factors associated with cost of prescribing. Results Spend on low-value treatments was £153.5 m in the last year, across 5.8 m prescriptions (mean, £26 per prescription). Among individual treatments, liothyronine had the highest prescribing cost at £29.6 m, followed by trimipramine (£20.2 m). Over time, the overall total number of low-value prescriptions decreased, but the cost increased, although this varied greatly between treatments. Three treatment areas increased in cost and two increased in volume, all others reduced in cost and volume. Annual practice level spending varied widely (median, £2262 per thousand patients; interquartile range £1439 to £3298). Proportion of patients over 65 was strongly associated with low-value prescribing, as was Clinical Commissioning Group. Our interactive data tool was deployed to OpenPrescribing.net where monthly updated figures and graphs can be viewed. Conclusions Prescribing of low-value treatments is extensive but varies widely by treatment, geographic area and individual practice. Despite a fall in prescription numbers, the overall cost of prescribing for low-value items has risen. Prescribing behaviour is clustered by Clinical Commissioning Group, which may represent variation in the optimisation efficiency of medicines, or in some cases access inequality.
Rituximab-mediated late-onset neutropenia in systemic lupus erythematosus – distinct roles of BAFF and APRIL
Authors: Parodis I , Söder F , Faustini F , Kasza Z , Samuelsson I , Zickert A , Svenungsson E , van Vollenhoven R F , Malmström V , Wermeling F , Gunnarsson I 
Published: May 2018

Objective Rituximab-mediated late-onset neutropenia (LON) has been described in various diseases. We investigated its occurrence, consequences and contributing factors in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods Rituximab-treated patients from the Karolinska University Hospital ( n = 107) were surveyed. LON was defined as an absolute neutrophil count <1500 cells/μl, occurring four weeks to two years following rituximab treatment, or later during sustained B-cell depletion. Serum levels of B-cell-related cytokines and growth factors of the myeloid lineage were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Thirty-two patients (29.9%) developed LON after a median time of 201.5 days. Thirteen patients were admitted to the hospital; 10 due to fever. Three patients developed critical conditions. BAFF levels increased from baseline (median: 0.62 ng/ml) to the post-treatment evaluation (median: 1.16 ng/ml; p < 0.001); post-treatment levels were higher in the LON group ( p = 0.021). APRIL levels were higher in the LON group both at baseline (median: 1.54 versus 1.15 ng/ml; p = 0.027) and post-treatment (median: 2.39 versus 1.11 ng/ml; p = 0.011). IL-6 and GM-CSF levels decreased in the non-LON group ( p < 0.001), but not in LON patients. High baseline disease activity predicted LON development (OR: 4.1; 95% CI: 1.1–15.2 for SLEDAI-2K > 8). No association with neutropenia prior to rituximab treatment was documented. Conclusion Post-rituximab LON was a common complication. Although the phenomenon was predominantly self-limiting, several patients developed severe conditions. Distinct roles of BAFF and APRIL are implicated: BAFF may contribute to LON development, whereas high APRIL levels may be predictive. Rituximab-treated SLE patients should be monitored for neutrophil counts, fever and infections.
Usefulness of the Surprise Question on an Inpatient Oncology Service
Authors: Singh Sarguni , Rodriguez Adrian , Lee Darrell , Min Sung-Joon , Fischer Stacy 
Published: May 2018

Background: Prognostication of survival in patients with advanced cancer has been challenging and contributes to poor illness understanding. Prognostic disagreement occurs even among providers and is a less studied phenomenon. Objective: We introduced the surprise question (SQ), “Would I be surprised if this patient died in the next 1 year, 6 months, and 1 month?,” at multidisciplinary rounds to increase palliative care referrals through the introduction of this prognostic prompt. Design, Setting, Patients: This quality improvement project took place from March 2016 to May 2016 on the medical oncology service at a tertiary academic medical center. The question was asked 3 times a week at multidisciplinary rounds which are attended by the hospital medicine provider, palliative care provider, and consulting oncologist. Primary oncologists and bedside nurses were also asked the SQ. Measurements: Referral rates to outpatient palliative care clinic, community-based palliative care clinic, inpatient palliative care consults, and hospice 3 months prior to, during, and 5 months postintervention. Results: Regular discussion of prognosis of patients with cancer in an inpatient medical setting did not increase referrals to inpatient or outpatient palliative care or hospice. Increased clinical experience impacted hospital medicine providers and bedside nurses’ estimation of prognosis differently than oncology providers. Medical oncologists were significantly more optimistic than hospital medicine providers.
Endothelial dysfunction as predictor of angina recurrence after successful percutaneous coronary intervention using second generation drug eluting stents
Authors: Montone Rocco A , Niccoli Giampaolo , Vergni Federico , Vetrugno Vincenzo , Russo Michele , Mangiacapra Fabio , Fracassi Francesco , Porto Italo , Leone Antonio M , Burzotta Francesco , D’Amario Domenico , Aurigemma Cristina , Trani Carlo , Lanza Gaetano A , Crea Filippo 
Published: May 2018

Background The role of endothelial dysfunction in predicting angina recurrence after percutaneous coronary intervention is unknown. Design We assessed the role of peripheral endothelial dysfunction measured by reactive-hyperaemia peripheral-artery tonometry (RH-PAT) in predicting recurrence of angina after percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods We enrolled consecutive patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with second-generation drug-eluting stents. RH-PAT was measured at discharge. The endpoint was repeated coronary angiography for angina recurrence and/or evidence of myocardial ischaemia at follow-up. Patients with in-stent restenosis and/or significant de novo stenosis were defined as having angina with obstructed coronary arteries (AOCA); all other patients as having angina with non-obstructed coronary arteries (ANOCA). Results Among 100 patients (mean age 66.7 ± 10.4 years, 80 (80.0%) male, median follow-up 16 (3–20) months), AOCA occurred in 14 patients (14%), ANOCA in nine patients (9%). Repeated coronary angiography occurred more frequently among patients in the lower RH-PAT index tertile compared with middle and upper tertiles (14 (41.2%) vs. 6 (18.2%) vs. 3 (9.1%), p = 0.006, respectively). ANOCA was more frequent in the lower RH-PAT index tertile compared with middle and upper tertiles. In the multivariate regression analysis, the RH-PAT index only predicted angina recurrence. The receiver operating characteristic curve of the RH-PAT index to predict the angina recurrence demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.79 (95% confidence interval: 0.69–0.89; p < 0.001), with a cut-off value of 1.705, having sensitivity 74% and specificity 70%. Conclusions Non-invasive assessment of peripheral endothelial dysfunction using RH-PAT might help in the prediction of recurrent angina after percutaneous coronary intervention, thus identifying patients who may need more intense pharmacological treatment and risk factor control.
Effects of Local Use of Insulin on Wound Healing in Non-diabetic Patients
Authors: Martínez-Jiménez Mario Aurelio , Valadez-Castillo Francisco Javier , Aguilar-García Jorge , Ramírez-GarciaLuna José Luis , Gaitán-Gaona Francisco Israel , Pierdant-Perez Mauricio , Valdes-Rodríguez Rodrigo , Sánchez-Aguilar Jesús Martín 
Published: May 2018

Background: Clinical trials have shown the positive effects of local insulin therapy in the formation of new vessels and fibrosis in acute and chronic diabetic wounds without major adverse effects. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of local insulin use on wound healing in non-diabetic patients. Methods: A randomized, split-plot, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted. Ten non-diabetic patients with full-thickness acute wounds were recruited (5 due to trauma, 3 to burns, and 2 to pressure). All wounds received standard bedside treatment. Each wound was divided into 2 zones. One side received a standard care plus insulin, while the other received standard care plus injection of saline solution. A biopsy specimen was taken from both sites on days 0 and 14. The amount of blood vessel growth and the percentage of fibrosis were evaluated. Results: A significant difference in the number of new vessels was observed on the insulin-treated site (70.6 [29.21]) compared to saline only (26.5 [34.3]; P < .04). The percentage of fibrosis (insulin 34.7 [28.02] vs saline 27.8 [29.9]) showed no significant difference. No adverse events related to the study occurred. The clinical implications of this study are considerable in terms of the formation of blood vessels but not fibrosis. Conclusion: We suggest that local insulin administration is a safe therapeutic option for angiogenesis in wounds of non-diabetic patients.
Dynamics of colistin and tobramycin resistance among Enterobacter cloacae during prolonged use of selective decontamination of the digestive tract
Authors: Dautzenberg M. J. D. , Bayjanov J. R. , Leverstein-van Hall M. A. , Muller A. E. , Gelinck L. B. S. , Jansen C. L. , Leyten E. M. S. , Ruys T. , Scharringa J. , van der Starre R. E. , Fluit A. C. , Bonten M. J. M. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Background
A high prevalence of colistin resistance among E. cloacae isolates in two intensive care units (ICU) (of 16 and 6 beds) using selective digestive decontamination (SDD) since 1990 instigated a retrospective and prospective investigation to quantify the role of clonal transmission. SDD is topical application of colistin and tobramycin and systemic use of cefotaxime during the first days of ICU-admission.

Methods
Multi-resistant E. cloacae (MREb) was defined as ESBL production and/or tobramycin non-susceptibility and/or colistin non-susceptibility. Incidence of acquisition and prevalence of carriage with MREb was determined from microbiological culture results.

Results
Colistin-resistant E. cloacae was first detected in November 2009 and carriage was demonstrated in 141 patients until October 2014. Mean incidence of MREb acquisition was 4.61 and 1.86 per 1000 days at risk in ICUs 1 and 2, respectively, and the mean monthly prevalence of MREb in both ICUs was 7.0 and 3.1%, respectively, without a discernible trend in time. Conversion rates from carriage of colistin-susceptible to resistant E. cloacae were 0.20 and 0.13 per 1000 patient days, respectively. Whole genome sequencing of 149 isolates revealed eight clusters, with the number of SNPs of the largest two clusters ranging between 0 and 116 for cluster 1 (n = 49 isolates), and 0 and 27 for cluster 2 (n = 36 isolates), among isolates derived between 2009 and 2014.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates a stable low-level endemicity of MREb in two Dutch ICUs with prolonged use of SDD, which was characterized by the persistent presence of two clusters, suggesting incidental clonal transmission.
Occupational moral injury and mental health: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Williamson Victoria , Stevelink Sharon A.M. , Greenberg Neil 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundMany people confront potentially morally injurious experiences (PMIEs) in the course of their work which can violate deeply held moral values or beliefs, putting them at risk for psychological difficulties (e.g. post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, etc.).AimsWe aimed to assess the effect of moral injury on mental health outcomes.MethodWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the association between work-related PMIEs and mental health disorders. Studies were independently assessed for methodological quality and potential moderator variables, including participant age, gender and PMIE factors, were also examined.ResultsThirteen studies were included, representing 6373 participants. PMIEs accounted for 9.4% of the variance in PTSD, 5.2% of the variance in depression and 2.0% of the variance in suicidality. PMIEs were associated with more symptoms of anxiety and behavioural problems (e.g. hostility), although this relationship was not consistently significant. Moderator analyses indicated that methodological factors (e.g. PMIE measurement tool), demographic characteristics and PMIE variables (e.g. militaryv.non-military context) did not affect the association between a PMIE and mental health outcomes.ConclusionsMost studies examined occupational PMIEs in military samples and additional studies investigating the effect of PMIEs on civilians are needed. Given the limited number of high-quality studies available, only tentative conclusions about the association between exposure to PMIEs and mental health disorders can be made.Declaration of interestNone.