bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing the Effects of Sex, APOE ɛ4, and Literacy on Mid-life Cognitive Trajectories: Application of Information-Theoretic Model Averaging and Multi-model Inference Techniques to the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer’s Prevention Study
Authors: Koscik Rebecca L. , Norton Derek L. , Allison Samantha L. , Jonaitis Erin M. , Clark Lindsay R. , Mueller Kimberly D. , Hermann Bruce P. , Engelman Corinne D. , Gleason Carey E. , Sager Mark A. , Chappell Richard J. , Johnson Sterling C. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectives: Prior research has identified numerous genetic (including sex), education, health, and lifestyle factors that predict cognitive decline. Traditional model selection approaches (e.g., backward or stepwise selection) attempt to find one model that best fits the observed data, risking interpretations that only the selected predictors are important. In reality, several predictor combinations may fit similarly well but result in different conclusions (e.g., about size and significance of parameter estimates). In this study, we describe an alternative method, Information-Theoretic (IT) model averaging, and apply it to characterize a set of complex interactions in a longitudinal study on cognitive decline. Methods: Here, we used longitudinal cognitive data from 1256 late–middle aged adults from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer’s Prevention study to examine the effects of sex, apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 allele (non-modifiable factors), and literacy achievement (modifiable) on cognitive decline. For each outcome, we applied IT model averaging to a set of models with different combinations of interactions among sex, APOE, literacy, and age. Results: For a list-learning test, model-averaged results showed better performance for women versus men, with faster decline among men; increased literacy was associated with better performance, particularly among men. APOE had less of an association with cognitive performance in this age range (∼40–70 years). Conclusions: These results illustrate the utility of the IT approach and point to literacy as a potential modifier of cognitive decline. Whether the protective effect of literacy is due to educational attainment or intrinsic verbal intellectual ability is the topic of ongoing work. (JINS, 2019, 25, 119–133)
Climate change: reshaping mortality differences within the United Kingdom?
Authors: Naqvi R. , Hall M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOlder people are higher contributors to mortality excess and most sensitive to environmental influences, e.g. temperature. As the population ages, variability in temperature is liable to impact a large proportion of life insurance or pension policies in a portfolio. Climate change is projected to significantly affect future mean temperatures. Moreover, future changes in mean temperature are estimated to vary across different regions of the United Kingdom. Accordingly, the present paper investigates the potential impact of future mean temperature changes on older-age mortality in England & Wales and Scotland. The corresponding effect on older-age mortality differences between England & Wales and Scotland is also investigated.
Herbicide-Resistant Kochia (Bassia scoparia) in North America: A Review
Authors: Kumar Vipan , Jha Prashant , Jugulam Mithila , Yadav Ramawatar , Stahlman Phillip W. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractKochia [Bassia scoparia(L.) A. J. Scott] is a problematic annual broadleaf weed species in the North American Great Plains.Bassia scopariainherits unique biological characteristics that contribute to its propensity to evolve herbicide resistance. Evolution of glyphosate resistance inB. scopariahas become a serious threat to the major cropping systems and soil conservation practices in the region.Bassia scopariapopulations with resistance to four different herbicide sites of action are a concern for growers. The widespread occurrence of multiple herbicide–resistant (HR)B. scopariaacross the North American Great Plains has renewed research efforts to devise integrated weed management strategies beyond herbicide use. In this review, we aim to compile and document the growing body of literature on HRB. scopariawith emphasis on herbicide-resistance evolutionary dynamics, distribution, mechanisms of evolved resistance, agronomic impacts, and current/future weed management technologies. We focused on ecologically based, non-herbicidal strategies such as diverse crop rotations comprising winter cereals and perennial forages, enhanced crop competition, cover crops, harvest weed seed control (HWSC), and tillage to manage HRB. scopariaseedbanks. Remote sensing using hyperspectral imaging and other sensor-based technologies would be valuable for early detection and rapid response and site-specific herbicide resistance management. We propose research priorities based on an improved understanding of the biology, genetic diversity, and plasticity of this weed that will aid in preserving existing herbicide resources and designing sustainable, integrated HRB. scopariamitigation plans.
Global Seismic Nowcasting With Shannon Information Entropy
Authors: Rundle John B. , Giguere Alexis , Turcotte Donald L. , Crutchfield James P. , Donnellan Andrea 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSeismic nowcasting uses counts of small earthquakes as proxy data to estimate the current dynamical state of an earthquake fault system. The result is an earthquake potential score that characterizes the current state of progress of a defined geographic region through its nominal earthquake “cycle.” The count of small earthquakes since the last large earthquake is the natural time that has elapsed since the last large earthquake (Varotsos et al., 2006, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.74.021123). In addition to natural time, earthquake sequences can also be analyzed using Shannon information entropy (“information”), an idea that was pioneered by Shannon (1948, https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538‐7305.1948.tb01338.x). As a first step to add seismic information entropy into the nowcasting method, we incorporate magnitude information into the natural time counts by using event self‐information. We find in this first application of seismic information entropy that the earthquake potential score values are similar to the values using only natural time. However, other characteristics of earthquake sequences, including the interevent time intervals, or the departure of higher magnitude events from the magnitude‐frequency scaling line, may contain additional information.
Characteristics of Coastal Low‐Level Jets in the Bohai Sea, China, During the Early Warm Season
Authors: Zhang Fan , Zhang Qinghong , Du Yu , Kong Hoiio 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe investigate coastal low‐level jets (CLLJs) in the early warm season during 2006–2011 over the Bohai Sea using a 9‐km horizontal resolution output data from the Weather Research and Forecasting model. CLLJs mainly occur in May when large‐scale low is located over land to the north and the Pacific high is located to the southeast of the study area. The occurrence of the CLLJs exhibits an obvious diurnal cycle with two different peaks: one at night, located mainly in the central region, and the other in the afternoon, located in the northern region with mountains at both eastern and western sides. A momentum budget analysis shows that inertial oscillations, triggered by land‐sea thermal contrast, results in the formation of nocturnal CLLJs in the Bohai Sea. In addition, sensitivity experiments show that the enhanced atmospheric baroclinicity, caused by unbalanced solar radiation over the western mountain of the northern region, dominates the occurrence of afternoon CLLJs in the northern area of the Bohai Sea. Besides that, the eastern topography plays a main role as barrier and, therefore, traps CLLJs by topography blocking to its western side.
Genomic and regulatory characteristics of significant transcription factors in colorectal cancer metastasis
Authors: Zhou Bin , Guo Rui 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe dysregulation of transcription factors has an important impact on the oncogenesis and tumor progression. Nonetheless, its functions in colorectal cancer metastasis are still unclear. In this study, four transcription factors (HNF4A, HSF1, MECP2 and RAD21) were demonstrated to be associated with the metastasis of colorectal cancer in both RNA and protein levels. To comprehensively explore the intrinsic mechanisms, we profiled the molecular landscape of these metastasis-related transcription factors from multiple perspectives. In particular, as the crucial factors affecting genome stability, both copy number variation and DNA methylation exerted their strengths on the expression of these transcription factors (except MECP2). Additionally, based on a series of bioinformatics analyses, putative long non-coding RNAs were identified as functional regulators. Besides that, rely on the ATAC-Seq and ChIP-Seq profiles, we detected the target genes regulated by each transcription factor in the active chromatin zones. Finally, we inferred the associations between the target genes by Bayesian networks and identified LMO7 and ARL8A as potential clinical biomarkers. Taken together, our research systematically characterized the regulatory cascades of HNF4A, HSF1, MECP2 and RAD21 in colorectal cancer metastasis.
Use of the Normalized Difference Road Landside Index (NDRLI)-based method for the quick delineation of road-induced landslides
Authors: Zhao Yinjun , Huang Yuying , Liu Hanhu , Wei Yongping , Lin Qing , Lu Yuan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRecognition and classification of road-related landslides are a critical requirement in pre- and post-disaster hazard analysis. They are primarily done through field mapping or manual image interpretation from commercial satellites images. This paper developed a Normalized Difference Road Landside Index (NDRLI)-based method to delineate road-induced landslides and enhance their presence in remotely sensed digital imagery based on free Landsat Operational Land Imager (OLI) sources. The NDRLI-based method includes NDRLI, Shape Index of Spectral Curve (SISC), and other optimizing steps such as deleting shadow and slope <20° area to recognise landslides. The test results show that the NDRLI-based method is effective in extracting road-induced landslide information, although the Kappa coefficient should be further improved.
Inverse Doppler Effects in Pipe Instruments
Authors: Zhai S. L. , Zhao J. , Shen F. L. , Li L. L. , Zhao X. P. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMusic is older than language, and for most of human history music holds our culture together. The pipe instrument is one of the most popular musical instruments of all time. Built on the foundation of previous flute and flute-like acoustic metamaterial models, we herein report the experimental results of the inverse Doppler effects discovered in two common pipe instruments - recorder and clarinet. Our study shows that the inverse Doppler effects can be detected at all seven pitches of an ascending musical scale when there is a relative motion between a microphone (observer) and abovementioned two pipe instruments (source). The calculated effective refractive indices of these two pipe instruments are negative and varying across a set of pitches, exhibiting a desired characteristic of broadband acoustic metamaterials. This study suggests that recorder and clarinet may be the earliest man-made acoustic metamaterials known so far, offering a new explanation why pipe instruments have enjoyed wide popularity in Europe and Asia over the past hundreds and thousands years. This newly discovered phenomenon would also offer a clue into designing next-generation smart broadband double-negative acoustic metamaterials with varying refractive index.
Sox9 regulates cell state and activity of embryonic mouse mammary progenitor cells
Authors: Kogata Naoko , Bland Philip , Tsang Mandy , Oliemuller Erik , Lowe Anne , Howard Beatrice A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEmbryonic mammary cells are a unique population comprised of undifferentiated, highly plastic progenitor cells that create normal mammary tissues. The mammary gland continues to develop after birth from descendants of embryonic mammary cells. Here, we establish cell lines from mouse mammary organs, immediately after they formed during prenatal development, to facilitate studies of primitive mammary cells, which are difficult to isolate in sufficient quantities for use in functional experiments. We show that some lines can be induced to secrete milk, a distinguishing feature of mammary epithelial cells. Targeted deletion of Sox9, from one clone, decreases the ability to respond to lactogenic stimuli, consistent with a previously identified role for Sox9 in regulating luminal progenitor function. Sox9 ablation also leads to alterations in 3D morphology and downregulation of Zeb1, a key epithelial–mesenchymal transition regulator. Prenatal mammary cell lines are an invaluable resource to study regulation of mammary progenitor cell biology and development.
TLR4 and MMP2 polymorphisms and their associations with cardiovascular risk factors in susceptibility to aortic aneurysmal diseases
Authors: Li Tan , Jing Jingjing , Sun Liping , Jiang Bo , Xin Shijie , Yang Jun , Yuan Yuan 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Background: Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) play important roles in aortic pathophysiology. We aimed to evaluate the contribution of TLR4 and MMP2 polymorphisms individually and complex interactions between gene and risk factors in susceptibility to aortic aneurysm (AA) and its subtypes. Methods: KASP method was adopted to detect TLR4rs11536889, rs1927914 and MMP2rs2285053 polymorphisms in 498 controls and 472 AA patients, including 212 abdominal AA (AAA) and 216 thoracic AA (TAA). Results: In the overall analysis, MMP2rs2285053 TC genotype was correlated with TAA risk (P = 0.047, OR = 1.487). Stratified analysis revealed an increased AA risk in males with TLR4rs1927914 TC genotype, while MMP2rs2285053 TC conferred an elevated AA risk in the subjects ≤60 years, and its TC genotype and dominant model were associated with TAA in the subjects ≤60 year. The interaction between TLR4rs1927914 and MMP2rs2285053 was associated with AAA risk (Pinteraction = 0.028, OR = 2.913). Furthermore, significant interaction between TLR4rs11536889 and dyslipidemia was observed for TAA risk, while TLR4rs1927914 could interact with hypertension and diabetes to increase the risk of AA or its subtypes. Two-way interaction effect of TLR4rs1927914 and MMP2rs2285053 was enhanced by diabetes or dyslipidemia. Conclusion: TLR4 and MMP2 polymorphisms and their complex interactions with cardiovascular risk factors contributed to aortic aneurysmal diseases.
The relationship between tooth loss and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular diseases, and coronary heart disease in the general population: systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
Authors: Peng Juxiang , Song Jukun , Han Jing , Chen Zhu , Yin Xinhai , Zhu Jianguo , Song Jinlin 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Background: The association of tooth loss with mortality from all causes, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and coronary heart disease (CHD) has been studied for many years; however, the results are inconsistent.
Method: PubMed, Embase, Web of Knowledge, and Cochrane Oral Health Group’s Trials Register databases were searched for papers published from 1966 to August 2018. We conducted dose–response meta-analysis to quantitatively evaluate the relation between tooth loss and risk of mortality from all causes, CVD, and CHD.
Results: In the present study, 18 prospective studies conducted until August 2018 were considered eligible for analysis. In the analysis of linear association, the summarized relative risk (RR) values for each 10-, 20-, and 32-tooth loss for all-cause mortality were 1.15 (1.11–1.19), 1.33 (1.23–1.29), and 1.57 (1.39–1.51), respectively. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses showed consistent results. A linear relationship was found among all-cause mortality, with Pnonlinearity = 0.306. The susceptibility to all-cause mortality increased by almost 1.48 times at very high tooth loss (28–32), and slight flattening of the curve was noted. However, the summarized RR values for increment for 10-, 20-, and 32-tooth loss were not or were marginally related to increased risk of mortality from CVD/CHD. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses revealed inconsistent results. Tooth loss showed linear association with CHD mortality but not with CVD mortality. The susceptibility to all-cause mortality increased by almost 1.48 and 1.70 times for CVD and CHD, respectively, at very high tooth loss (28–32). The curve exhibited slight flattening; however, no statistical significance was detected.
Conclusion: In the meta-analysis, our findings confirmed the positive relationship between tooth loss and susceptibility to all-cause mortality, but not for circulatory mortality. However, the finding that tooth loss might play a harmful role in the development of all-cause mortality remains inconclusive. Tooth loss may be a potential risk marker for all-cause mortality: however, their association must be further validated through large prospective studies.
Ab initio based equation of state of dense water for planetary and exoplanetary modeling
Authors: Mazevet S. , Licari A. , Chabrier G. , Potekhin A. Y. 
Published: December 2018

Context. The modeling of planetary interiors requires accurate equations of state (EOSs) for the basic constituents with proven validity in the difficult pressure–temperature regime extending up to 50 000 K and hundreds of megabars. While EOSs based on first-principles simulations are now available for the two most abundant elements, hydrogen and helium, the situation is less satisfactory for water where no wide-range EOS is available despite its requirement for interior modeling of planets ranging from super-Earths to planets several times the size of Jupiter.
Aims. As a first step toward a multi-phase EOS for dense water, we develop a temperature-dependent EOS for dense water covering the liquid and plasma regimes and extending to the super-ionic and gas regimes. This equation of state covers the complete range of conditions encountered in planetary modeling.
Methods. We use first-principles quantum molecular dynamics simulations and the Thomas-Fermi extension to reach the highest pressures encountered in giant planets several times the size of Jupiter. Using these results, as well as the data available at lower pressures, we obtain a parametrization of the Helmholtz free energy adjusted over this extended temperature and pressure domain. The parametrization ignores the entropy and density jumps at phase boundaries but we show that it is sufficiently accurate to model interior properties of most planets and exoplanets.
Results. We produce an EOS given in analytical form that is readily usable in planetary modeling codes and dynamical simulations (a fortran implementation is provided). The EOS produced is valid for the entire density range relevant to planetary modeling, for densities where quantum effects for the ions can be neglected, and for temperatures below 50 000K. We use this EOS to calculate the mass-radius relationship of exoplanets up to 5000 MEarth, explore temperature effects in the wet Earth-like, ocean planets and pure water planets, and quantify the influence of the water EOS for the core on the gravitational moments of Jupiter.
Multi-objective hydropower purchase optimization method for inter-provincial power grids under time-sharing electricity price
Authors: Lu Peng , Li Mo , Zhang Xiang , Zou Yibo , Shu Shengmao 
Published: December 2018

The existing electric grid purchase ratio research focuses on the methods of various types of combinations of purchasing and selling business of electricity, and the methods of reasonable risk allocation between different businesses, First, it lacks the consideration of the sensitivity of customer requirements to electricity price changes . Second, it lacks the consideration of optimization of the revenue and risk of hydropower purchase in the provincial electric grid.
Therefore, this paper establishes the multi-objective time-of-use power price model based on customer requirements for time-of-use power price response.It introduces a VaR-based risk assessment method. Also, it proposes a multi-objective optimization model that maximizes the expected revenue on electricity purchase and minimizes the risk of purchasing electricity. The electricity purchase ratio scheme and the electrictiy purchase risk scheme are jointly optimized to obtain the electric grid inter-provincial electrictiy purchase risk decision and the optimal electricity purchase ratio. The results show that the grid company will obtain greater economic benefits while avoiding risks as much as possible after using the power purchase optimization method of this paper.
High Risk Flash Flood Rainstorm Area Mapping And Its Application in Jiangxi Province, China
Authors: Ding Hui , Liao Yifan , Lin Bingzhang 
Published: December 2018

The leading hydrologists around the world have been working hard to develop some kind of preventive measures to reduce the disastrous consequences of a flash flood in advance. For this purpose, a flash flood early-warning and forecasting system that can accurately and timely forecast an coming flash flood has being the research focus in this field, despite its difficulties and complexities. An ideal to specify those areas that are subject at high risk to flash flood in terms of precipitation intensity in a relatively large region is proposed in this paper. It is accomplished through the design of the High Risk Flash Flood Rainstorm Area (HRFFRA) with a certain return period for a given duration based on the application of the end-to-end Regional L-moments Approach to precipitation frequency analysis. A HRFFRA is defined as the area potentially under hitting by higher intense-precipitation for a given duration with certain return period that may cause a flash flood disaster in the area.
An example to develop the HRFFRA has been demonstrated in detail in this paper through the application of the Regional L-Moments Approach to precipitation frequency analysis in Jiangxi Province, South China Mainland. The high risk areas that will be hit by an forthcoming flash flood can be visually showed by the HRFFRA, with its help, hydrologists and governments can substantially reduce the disastrous outcome of a flash flood beforehand.
A Regional Social, Environmental and Economic Lifeline The Lake Gaston Water Supply Project
Authors: She David 
Published: December 2018

Proactive water supply planning utilizes demand management strategies to promote the viability of future water supply. The Hampton Roads Region recognizes the importance of demand management and development efforts in water supply planning and also understands that it is crucial for the region to conserve local water resources and minimize both current and future water demands.
Based on the water resource studies, the Hampton Roads Region is pursuing programs and projects to meet long-term needs while providing interim and drought-related solutions. Incorporating water demand management practices both in the long and short term is a necessary component to extend the useful life of the regional water supply.
The Lake Gaston Water Supply Project is one of the most critical long-distance water supply pipeline projects in the region. It brings water from other watersheds and provides high quality, reliable fresh water to the Hampton Roads area. It has a positive and profound effect on the region’s social, environmental, and economic impacts.
Wie die kleinen Kinder …
Authors: Hertlein Margit 
Published: December 2018

Zusammenfassung… dieser Spruch fällt häufig, wenn Erwachsene blödeln oder neugierig immer wieder nachfragen. Dabei vergisst man leicht: Neugierde ist ein Urmotiv des
Menschen. Leider geht sie im Laufe des Lebens oft flöten. Wie sie sich ein wenig vom angeborenen Forschertrieb reaktivieren, lesen Sie hier.