bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distortion of Magnetic Fields in a Starless Core. IV. Magnetic Field Scaling on Density and Mass-to-flux Ratio Distribution in FeSt 1-457
Authors: Kandori Ryo , Tomisaka Kohji , Tamura Motohide , Saito Masao , Kusakabe Nobuhiko , Nakajima Yasushi , Kwon Jungmi , Nagayama Takahiro , Nagata Tetsuya , Tatematsu Ken’ichi 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
In the present study, the magnetic field scaling on density,

, was revealed in a single starless core for the first time. The κ index of 0.78 ± 0.10 was obtained toward the starless dense core FeSt 1-457 based on the analysis of the radial distribution of the polarization angle dispersion of background stars measured at the near-infrared wavelengths. The result prefers κ = 2/3 for the case of isotropic contraction, and the difference of the observed value from κ = 1/2 is 2.8 sigma. The distribution of the ratio of mass-to-magnetic flux was evaluated. FeSt 1-457 was found to be magnetically supercritical near the center (λ ≈ 2), whereas nearly critical or slightly subcritical at the core boundary (λ ≈ 0.98). Ambipolar diffusion-regulated star formation models for the case of moderate magnetic field strength may explain the physical status of FeSt 1-457. The mass-to-flux ratio distribution for typical dense cores (critical Bonnor–Ebert sphere with central λ = 2 and κ = 1/2–2/3) was calculated, and found to be magnetically critical/subcritical at the core edge, which indicates that typical dense cores are embedded in and evolve from magnetically critical/subcritical diffuse surrounding medium.
The Spatially Resolved Dust-to-metals Ratio in M101
Authors: Chiang 江 I-Da 宜達 , Sandstrom Karin M. , Chastenet Jérémy , Johnson L. Clifton , Leroy Adam K. , Utomo Dyas 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The dust-to-metals ratio describes the fraction of heavy elements contained in dust grains, and its variation provides key insights into the life cycle of dust. We measure the dust-to-metals ratio in M101, a nearby galaxy with a radial metallicity (Z) gradient spanning ∼1 dex. We fit the spectral energy distribution of dust from 100 to 500 μm with five variants of the modified blackbody dust emission model in which we vary the temperature distribution and how emissivity depends on wavelength. Among them, the model with a single-temperature blackbody modified by a broken power-law emissivity gives the statistically best fit and physically most plausible results. Using these results, we show that the dust-to-gas ratio is proportional to

. This implies that the dust-to-metals ratio is not constant in M101, but decreases as a function of radius, which is equivalent to a lower fraction of metals trapped in dust at low metallicity (large radius). The dust-to-metals ratio in M101 remains at or above what would be predicted by the minimum depletion level of metals observed in the Milky Way. Our current knowledge of the metallicity-dependent CO-to-H2 conversion factor suggests that variations in the conversion factor cannot be responsible for the trends in dust-to-metals ratio we observe. This change of dust-to-metals ratio is significantly correlated with the mass fraction of molecular hydrogen, which suggests that the accretion of gas-phase metals onto existing dust grains could contribute to a variable dust-to-metals ratio.
Seismic Study of the γ Doradus-type Pulsations in the Eclipsing Binary KIC 10486425
Authors: Zhang X. B. , Fu J. N. , Luo C. Q. , Ren A. B. , Yan Z. Z. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
We present a photometric and spectroscopic analysis of the eclipsing binary KIC 10486425. Synthesis of the light curve and radial velocity measurements indicates that this binary is a circular, synchronized, detached system. The masses and radii of the two components are determined as

, M
2 = 1.11 M
⊙,

and

, respectively. The cooler secondary star is more evolved, while the primary is still on the zero-age main sequence, suggesting that KIC 10486425 could be an Algol system. After removal of the binarity effects from the observed Kepler data, multiple frequency analysis is applied to the outside-eclipse light residuals, revealing that the primary component of KIC 10486425 is a γ Dor type pulsating star with a dominant period of 0.758 days. A total of 160 pulsation frequencies with significant confidence are extracted in the g-mode region, from which a period-spacing pattern is identified which clearly shows a downward slope. Synthesis of the period-spacing pattern leads to a mode identification of (l = 2, m = 2) for the pulsations with an asymptotic period spacing of ΔΠ
l = 2 = 1803.5 s. The near-core rotation rate is derived as

, about 15% slower than the orbital frequency of this synchronized binary, suggesting that the core and the envelope rotate differentially.
Epigenetic function of Granulocytic nuclei? Designing a new line of research
Authors: Mingorance Gámez Carlos 
Published: September 2018

Granulocytes share the common feature of having a lobulated nucleus, a fact whose function has yet to be discussed in depth. This hypothesis suggests that the division of the nuclei follows an epigenetic purpose, separating genes into compartments with different regulatory mechanisms, which may be due to intrinsic factors like regulatory RNA or extrinsic factors like proteins.
This paper describes the outlines of a line of research for both the initial testing to test the hypothesis and the following descriptive studies, including potential clinical uses in the prognosis or diagnosis of diseases that present dysregulation of the number of lobes. The chosen approach is to study the pattern of distribution (random or otherwise) of genes amongst the lobes.
Level of agency cost driven by cultural and corruption and earnings management: Evidence of South East Asia countries
Authors: Putra Andi Manggala , Pagalung Gagaring , Habbe Abdul Hamid 
Published: September 2018

Purpose: This study scrutinises the correlation between earnings quality and agency cost based on corruption level and cultural values in six South-East Asian (SEA) countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.Design/methodology: We restrict categorisation of each SEA country whether they have low or high agency cost. This study employs 581 firm-years observations from the 30 biggest market capitalisation firms of six SEA countries. We run multiple regressions of three main accrual models for main analysis (Jones, 1991; Dechow et al., 1995; Kasznik, 1999) to get discretionary accruals.Findings: Results show that firms in low agency cost countries have lower earnings quality, and indicate that earnings management behaviour in this study is efficient rather than detrimental. Furthermore, results present that firms with bigger size engage less in earnings management conduct compared to their counterparts.Originality/value: This study provides broader acknowledgement of how cultural values and corruption and their assumed correlation to agency cost could affect earnings management behaviour in South East Asia. We use a single proxy of high/low agency cost based on national cultural and corruption index.
Bioclimatic assessment of abiotic factors affecting relative abundance and distribution of wheat stem sawfly (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) in western Canada
Authors: Olfert Owen , Weiss Ross M. , Catton Haley , Cárcamo Héctor , Meers Scott 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWheat stem sawfly,Cephus cinctusNorton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), indigenous to North America, quickly adapted from host native grasses to wheat crops (TriticumLinnaeus (Poaceae)) with expansion of agriculture on the Great Plains of North America. Bioclimatic simulation tools, such as Climex, predict the potential geographic distribution and establishment of insects in ecosystems, based on climate. The ecoclimatic index, a measure of ecological suitability, integrates potential population growth with stresses to produce estimates of relative abundance. This simulation software was used to develop a bioclimate model forC. cinctusin western Canada. Results fostered a better understanding of howC. cinctusresponded to selected climate variables. Two general circulation models were then applied to assess the response ofC. cinctuspopulations to future climate. Relative to current climate, predicted changes inC. cinctusdistribution and relative abundance were greatest for 2030, with a small further increase for 2070. Across the Prairies and Boreal Plains Ecozones, changes in ecoclimatic index were greater than in geographic distribution. Both general circulation models indicated most of this area would be categorised as very favourable. This suggests that the potential for pest populations could expand into areas that do not currently experience economic losses associated withC. cinctus.
Neutrophil Caspase-11 Is Required for Cleavage of Caspase-1 and Secretion of IL-1β in Aspergillus fumigatus Infection
Authors: Sun Yan , Abbondante Serena , Karmakar Mausita , de Jesus Carrion Steven , Che Chengye , Hise Amy G. , Pearlman Eric 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Neutrophils are an important source of IL-1β secretion in bacterial infections, where they infiltrate affected tissues in log-fold higher numbers than macrophages. Neutrophils also have functional NLRP3 and NLRC4 inflammasomes that can process pro–IL-1β to the bioactive 17-kDa form. In the current study, we examined the role of IL-1β in response to corneal infection with the filamentous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus and found that neutrophils were the predominant source of bioactive IL-1β in the cornea. We also observed that caspase-11−/− mice exhibit the same susceptibility phenotype as IL-1β−/−, ASC−/−, NLRP3−/−, and caspase-1−/− mice, with impaired neutrophil recruitment to infected corneas and increased hyphal growth. We further demonstrate that caspase-11 is required for caspase-1 activation and IL-1β processing during infection. In vitro, we show that caspase-11 is regulated by the common type I IFN receptor (IFNAR) through JAK-STAT signaling and that caspase-11 is required for speck formation and caspase-1 activity. Aspergillus spores (conidia) stimulate IL-1β processing and secretion in neutrophils activation of Dectin-1 and signaling through the Raf1 kinase/MEKK rather than the spleen tyrosine kinase pathway. Collectively, these findings reveal unexpected regulation of IL-1β production by neutrophils in response to pathogenic fungi.
Short Leucine-Rich Proteoglycans Modulate Complement Activity and Increase Killing of the Respiratory Pathogen Moraxella catarrhalis
Authors: Laabei Maisem , Liu Guanghui , Ermert David , Lambris John D. , Riesbeck Kristian , Blom Anna M. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The respiratory pathogen Moraxella catarrhalis is a human-specific commensal that frequently causes acute otitis media in children and stimulates acute exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. The exact molecular mechanisms defining host–pathogen interactions promoting pathogenesis are not clearly understood. Limited knowledge hampers vaccine and immunotherapeutic development required to treat this emerging pathogen. In this study, we reveal in detail a novel antibacterial role displayed by short leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) in concert with complement. We show that fibromodulin (FMOD), osteoadherin (OSAD), and biglycan (BGN) but not decorin (DCN) enhance serum killing of M. catarrhalis. Our results suggest that M. catarrhalis binding to SLRPs is a conserved feature, as the overwhelming majority of clinical and laboratory strains bound all four SLRPs. Furthermore, we resolve the binding mechanism responsible for this interaction and highlight the role of the ubiquitous surface protein (Usp) A2/A2H in mediating binding to host SLRPs. A conserved immune evasive strategy used by M. catarrhalis and other pathogens is the surface acquisition of host complement inhibitors such as C4b-binding protein (C4BP). We observed that FMOD, OSAD, and BGN competitively inhibit binding of C4BP to the surface of M. catarrhalis, resulting in increased C3b/iC3b deposition, membrane attack complex (MAC) formation, and subsequently decreased bacterial survival. Furthermore, both OSAD and BGN promote enhanced neutrophil killing in vitro, both in a complement-dependent and independent fashion. In summary, our results illustrate that SLRPs, FMOD, OSAD, and BGN portray complement-modulating activity enhancing M. catarrhalis killing, defining a new antibacterial role supplied by SLRPs.
The burden of care, quality of life and depression in relatives of patients with serious mental illness treated at Lentegeur Hospital
Authors: Nhlabathi Sihle , Parker John , Chiliza Bonginkosi , Phahladira Lebogang 
Published: September 2018

Background: The association between caregiver burden, quality of life and depression in patients with mental illness in a resource-limited setting is underresearched. Factors associated with caregiver burden may be amenable to intervention.Aim: To describe the level of caregiver burden and its association with quality of life and depression.Methods: The cross-sectional study was carried out in a psychiatric hospital in the Cape Flats, which is an urban area on the periphery of Cape Town. Data were collected from 104 caregivers of patients attending the outpatients service. Caregiver burden was measured using the Zarit Burden Interview questionnaire. The PHQ-9 questionnaire was to screen and measure severity of symptoms of depression. The WHOQOL-BREF was used to measure the subjective evaluation of the quality of life.Results: Most caregivers were female (76.92%), and caregivers were mild to moderately stressed (mean ZBS score 33.38 ± 21.59) and experienced moderate depression (mean PHQ-9 score). These effects were significantly associated with quality of life in psychological and social domains.Conclusion: Caring for patients with mental illness can lead to immense physical and psychological distress, leading to poor quality of life. Strategies that may reduce the burden of care may include improving the patients’ quality of life and addressing psychosocial support, and clinicians should consider screening for symptoms of depression in caregivers.
Mechanics and Mechanisms of Pulmonary Hypertension — Conference Summary and Translational Perspectives
Authors: Seeger Werner , Pullamsetti Soni S. 
Published: September 2018

The imagination has made more discoveries than the eyeTo catch an imagination of the future of pulmonary hypertension was exactly the spirit of the 55th ASPEN lung Conference. Basic scientists, pre‐clinicians, clinicians and pharma joined together to achieve one goal—to combine creativity and inventiveness in a battle against a deadly disease. Summarizing this conference on “Mechanics and Mechanisms of Pulmonary Hypertension” is challenging in several aspects: To extract key novel findings from 12 state‐of‐the‐art lectures, 25 oral presentations, 56 posters along with the integration of own data on discussed topics, to include hundreds of important questions, answers and discussion raised during the conference, to provide the line of thinking for the next 5–10 years of pulmonary hypertension (PH) research development and to focus equally well on both basic and translational research. Kurt Stenmark and Todd Bull, who chaired the conference, intensified this challenge several‐fold by selecting a plethora of topics ranging from development of cardiopulmonary systems to pathogenesis of right ventricular failure, mechanics of right ventricle‐pulmonary artery coupling to genomics and from understanding metabolic aspects to developing therapies for PH. With that, need not say, but a special admiration and thanks to the conference chairs for assembling such outstanding state‐of‐the‐art speakers, for clustering the presentations logically and for leading lively and engaging discussions. Although it may look fragmentary, we would like to divide the conference summary into four major conceptual realms: The pulmonary vasculature in PH; right heart in PH; individualized approach‐ personalized medicine; and beyond PH‐vascular abnormalities in COPD.‐ Joseph Joubert
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Vol. 6, No. 3, September 2018
Authors: Williams Richard 
Published: September 2018

Journal of Agricultural Studies would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JAS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 6, Number 3 Abhishek A. Cukkemane, Bijasu Agri Research Laboratory LLP, IndiaAnil Kumar Matta, Vaddeswaram, Guntur dst, IndiaBabak Mohammadi, University of Tehran, IranChenlin Hu, The Ohio State University, USAEben von Well, Agricultural Research Council, South AfricaEliana Mariela Werbin, National University of Cordoba, ArgentinianErnest Baafi, CSIR-Crops Research Institute, GhanaEwa Moliszewska, Opole University, PolandGerardo Ojeda, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, ColombiaPramod Kumar Mishra, University of Hyderabad, IndiaSahar Bahmani, University of Wisconsin at Parkside, USASait Engindeniz, Ege University Faculty of Agriculture, TurkeyZakaria Fouad Abdallah, National Research Centre, EgyptZhao Chen, Clemson University, USAZoi M. Parissi, School of Forestry and Natural Environment Aristotle University, Greece Richard Williams,EditorJournal of Agricultural Studies-------------------------------------------Macrothink Institute5348 Vegas Dr.#825Las Vegas, Nevada 89108United StatesPhone: 1-702-953-1852 ext.521Fax: 1-702-420-2900Email: jas@macrothink.orgURL: http://jas.macrothink.org
Hepatic resection for two giant hepatocellular carcinoma after oral direct-acting antiviral therapy: Is there a relationship?
Authors: Abdel Wahab Mohamed , Shehta Ahmed , Ali Mahmoud 
Published: September 2018

Introduction: Direct-acting antiviral drugs have been recently introduced for management of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients. Those medications have achieved a dramatic improvement of sustained virologic response (SVR) reaching almost 90%. However, reports regarding the increased risk of occurrence or recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in chronic HCV patients who achieved SVR after direct-acting antiviral drugs are controversial.Methods: We report two cases of giant HCCs complicating chronic HCV infection after direct-acting antiviral drugs-based therapies and were managed by major hepatic resection.Results: Two male patients with chronic HCV infection received several regimens oral direct acting antiviral drugs with a SVR for 3 and 6 months, respectively. They complained of progressive right hypochondrial pain and abdominal enlargement. Two large HCCs were diagnosed (16.2 cm * 17.6 cm * 16.9 cm, and 18 cm * 13 cm * 16.5 cm in dimensions) with markedly elevated serum alpha feto-protein (36,000 and 7,000 ng/ml, respectively). Due to the presence of adequate residual liver volume, the decision was to proceed for surgical resection. Central hepatectomy and extended right hemi-hepatectomy were performed, respectively. Patients had smooth postoperative course and were discharged after 10 and 9 days, respectively.Conclusion: The relationship between direct-acting antiviral drugs and HCC is controversial. Those cases add support to the accumulating literature suggesting the relationship of HCC development in chronic HCV patients receiving direct-acting antiviral drugs. Further prospective studies with adequate long term follow up are needed to prove or disprove this relationship.
Revision Metacarpophalangeal Arthroplasty: A Longitudinal Study of 128 Cases
Authors: Wagner Eric R. , Houdek Matthew T. , Packard Benjamin , Moran Steven L. , Rizzo Marco 
Published: September 2018

Purpose:
The objective was to examine outcomes associated with a large cohort of revision metacarpophalangeal (MCP) arthroplasties.

Methods:
A review of 128 revision MCP arthroplasties performed in 64 patients was performed. The mean age at surgery was 62 years. Fifty nonconstrained (31 pyrocarbon and 19 surface-replacing arthroplasty) and 78 constrained silicone implants were used for revisions.

Results:
At a follow-up of 6 years (2 to 16), 20 (16%) implants required a secondary revision surgery. The 5- and 10-year survival rates were 81% and 79%, respectively. Postoperative dislocation occurred in 17 (13%) MCP joints. Subgroup analysis demonstrated a 5-year survival rate of 67% in surface-replacing arthroplasties, compared with 83% for both pyrocarbon and silicone implants (hazard ratio, 2.60; P = 0.09). Clinical improvements in pain and MCP range of motion were noted in most patients postoperatively.

Conclusions:
Revision MCP arthroplasty is a challenging procedure with one in five patients requiring a revision procedure at 5 years and a relatively high rate of postoperative dislocations. However, most patients who did not undergo a secondary revision surgery experienced improvements in pain and range of motion. Worse outcomes are seen in patients with a history of MCP dislocations.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV
Functional responses of a cosmopolitan invader demonstrate intraspecific variability in consumer-resource dynamics
Authors: Howard Brett R. , Barrios-O’Neill Daniel , Alexander Mhairi E. , Dick Jaimie T.A. , Therriault Thomas W. , Robinson Tamara B. , Côté Isabelle M. 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundVariability in the ecological impacts of invasive species across their geographical ranges may decrease the accuracy of risk assessments. Comparative functional response analysis can be used to estimate invasive consumer-resource dynamics, explain impact variability, and thus potentially inform impact predictions. The European green crab (Carcinus maenas) has been introduced on multiple continents beyond its native range, although its ecological impacts appear to vary among populations and regions. Our aim was to test whether consumer-resource dynamics under standardized conditions are similarly variable across the current geographic distribution of green crab, and to identify correlated morphological features.MethodsCrabs were collected from multiple populations within both native (Northern Ireland) and invasive regions (South Africa and Canada). Their functional responses to local mussels (Mytilusspp.) were tested. Attack rates and handling times were compared among green crab populations within each region, and among regions (Pacific Canada, Atlantic Canada, South Africa, and Northern Ireland). The effect of predator and prey morphology on prey consumption was investigated.ResultsAcross regions, green crabs consumed prey according to a Type II (hyperbolic) functional response curve. Attack rates (i.e., the rate at which a predator finds and attacks prey), handling times and maximum feeding rates differed among regions. There was a trend toward higher attack rates in invasive than in native populations. Green crabs from Canada had lower handling times and thus higher maximum feeding rates than those from South Africa and Northern Ireland. Canadian and Northern Ireland crabs had significantly larger claws than South African crabs. Claw size was a more important predictor of the proportion of mussels killed than prey shell strength.DiscussionThe differences in functional response between regions reflect observed impacts of green crabs in the wild. This suggests that an understanding of consumer–resource dynamics (e.g., theper capitameasure of predation), derived from simple, standardized experiments, might yield useful predictions of invader impacts across geographical ranges.