bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interest in and Use of Smoking Cessation Support Across Pregnancy and Postpartum
Authors: Naughton Felix , Vaz Luis Reeves , Coleman Tim , Orton Sophie , Bowker Katharine , Leonardi-Bee Jo , Cooper Sue , Vanderbloemen Laura , Sutton Stephen , Ussher Michael 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Limited research exists on interest in and use of smoking cessation support in pregnancy and postpartum.

Methods
A longitudinal cohort of pregnant smokers and recent ex-smokers were recruited in Nottinghamshire, United Kingdom (N = 850). Data were collected at 8–26 weeks gestation, 34–36 weeks gestation, and 3 months postpartum and used as three cross-sectional surveys. Interest and use of cessation support and belief and behavior measures were collected at all waves. Key data were adjusted for nonresponse and analyzed descriptively, and multiple regression was used to identify associations.

Results
In early and late pregnancy, 44% (95% CI 40% to 48%) and 43% (95% CI 37% to 49%) of smokers, respectively, were interested in cessation support with 33% (95% CI 27% to 39%) interested postpartum. In early pregnancy, 43% of smokers reported discussing cessation with a midwife and, in late pregnancy, 27% did so. Over one-third (38%) did not report discussing quitting with a health professional during pregnancy. Twenty-seven percent of smokers reported using any National Health Service (NHS) cessation support and 12% accessed NHS Stop Smoking Services during pregnancy. Lower quitting confidence (self-efficacy), higher confidence in stopping with support, higher quitting motivation, and higher age were associated with higher interest in support (ps ≤ .001). A recent quit attempt and greater interest in support was associated with speaking to a health professional about quitting and use of NHS cessation support (ps ≤ .001).

Conclusions
When asked in early or late pregnancy, about half of pregnant smokers were interested in cessation support, though most did not engage. Cessation support should be offered throughout pregnancy and after delivery.

Implications
There is relatively high interest in cessation support in early and late pregnancy and postpartum among smokers; however, a much smaller proportion of pregnant or postpartum women access any cessation support, highlighting a gap between interest and engagement. Reflecting women’s interest, offers of cessation support should be provided throughout pregnancy and after delivery. Increasing motivation to quit and confidence in quitting with assistance may enhance interest in support, and promoting the discussion of stopping smoking between women and health practitioners may contribute to higher support engagement rates.
Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and cognitive decline in non-demented adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alex Anu , Abbott Kylie A , McEvoy Mark , Schofield Peter W , Garg Manohar L 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Context
Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn-3PUFAs) are widely considered as nootropic agents that may be beneficial in reversing cognitive impairment.

Objective
The present systematic review of randomized controlled trials was conducted to determine the changes in cognitive function after intervention with LCn-3PUFA supplementation in non-demented adults, including those with mild cognitive impairment.

Data Sources
Five databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library) were searched systematically along with reference lists of selected articles.

Study Selection
Studies were eligible for inclusion if they measured the effect of LCn-3PUFA supplementation on cognition in non-demented adults.

Data Extraction
A total of 787 records were screened, of which 25 studies were eligible for inclusion. Treatment effects were summarized as global cognitive function for primary outcome and measured using the Mini-Mental State Examination and individual cognitive domains for secondary outcome. The pooled effect sizes were estimated using Hedge’s g and random-effects modeling.

Data Analysis
Results from randomized controlled trials indicate that LCn-3PUFAs have no effect on global cognitive function (Hedge’s g = 0.02; 95% confidence interval, −0.12 to 0.154), and among the specific cognitive domains, only memory function showed a mild benefit (Hedge’s g = 0.31; P = 0.003; z = 2.945).

Conclusion
The existing literature suggests that LCn-3PUFA supplementation could provide a mild benefit in improving memory function in non-demented older adults.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42017078664.
Impact of coconut oil consumption on cardiovascular health: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Teng Monica , Zhao Ying Jiao , Khoo Ai Leng , Yeo Tiong Cheng , Yong Quek Wei , Lim Boon Peng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractContextCoconut oil is rich in medium-chain fatty acids and has been claimed to have numerous health benefits.ObjectiveThis review aimed to examine the evidence surrounding coconut oil consumption and its impact on cardiovascular health.Data SourcesA systematic literature search of the PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and CINAHL databases, up to May 2019, was performed.Data ExtractionStudy characteristics including study design, population, intervention, comparator, outcome, and source of funding were summarized.Data AnalysisMeta-analyses included 12 studies to provide estimates of effects. Subgroup analyses were performed to account for any differences in the study-level characteristics. When compared with plant oils and animal oils, coconut oil was found to significantly increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) by 0.57 mg/dL (95%CI, 0.40–0.74 mg/dL; I2 = 6.7%) and 0.33 mg/dL (0.01–0.65 mg/dL; I2 = 0%), respectively. Coconut oil significantly raised low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) by 0.26 mg/dL (0.09–0.43 mg/dL; I2 = 59.7%) compared with plant oils and lowered LDL-C (−0.37 mg/dL; −0.69 to −0.05 mg/dL; I2 = 48.1%) compared with animal oils. No significant effects on triglyceride were observed. Better lipid profiles were demonstrated with the virgin form of coconut oil.ConclusionCompared with animal oils, coconut oil demonstrated a better lipid profile n comparison with plant oils, coconut oil significantly increased HDL-C and LDL-C.
Craniometrics and Ventricular Access: A Review of Kocher's, Kaufman's, Paine's, Menovksy's, Tubbs’, Keen's, Frazier's, Dandy's, and Sanchez's Points
Authors: Morone Peter J , Dewan Michael C , Zuckerman Scott L , Tubbs R Shane , Singer Robert J 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Intraventricular access is frequently required during neurosurgery, and when neuronavigation is unavailable, the neurosurgeon must rely upon craniometrics to achieve successful ventricular cannulation. In this historical review, we summarize the most well-described ventricular access points: Kocher's, Kaufman's, Paine's, Menovksy's, Tubbs’, Keen's, Frazier's, Dandy's, and Sanchez's. Additionally, we provide multiview, 3-dimensional illustrations that provide the reader with a novel understanding of the craniometrics associated with each point.
New narrow nucleon resonances $N^{\ast}(1685)$ and $N^{\ast}(1726)$ within the chiral quark–soliton model
Authors: Yang Ghil-Seok , Kim Hyun-Chul 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe investigate the strong and radiative decay widths of the narrow nucleon resonances $N^*(1685)$ and $N^{\ast}(1726)$ within the framework of the SU(3) chiral quark–soliton model. All the relevant parameters are taken from those used to describe the properties of the baryon octet and decuplet in previous works. The masses of the antidecuplet nucleon and the eikosiheptaplet (27-plet) nucleon with spin 3/2 are determined respectively to be $(1690.2\pm 10.5)\, \mathrm{MeV}$ and $(1719.6\pm7.4)\,\mathrm{MeV}$. The decay width for $N^{\ast}(1685)\to \eta + N$ is found to be approximately three times larger than that for $N^{\ast}(1685)\to \pi + N$. The width of the decay $N^{\ast}\left(1726\right)3/2^+\to \eta + N$ is about 31 times larger than that of $N^{\ast}\left(1726\right)3/2^+\to \pi + N$. The ratio of the radiative decays for $N^*(1685)$ is obtained to be $\Gamma_{nn^*(1685)}/\Gamma_{pp^*(1685)}=8.62\pm3.45$, which explains very well the neutron anomaly. In contrast, we find $\Gamma_{pp^*(1726)}/\Gamma_{nn^*(1726)}=3.72\pm0.64$, which indicates that the production of $N^*(1726)$ is more likely to be observed in the proton channel. We also examine the decay modes of these narrow nucleon resonances with the strangeness hadrons involved.
On the structure of the emergent 3D expanding space in the Lorentzian type IIB matrix model
Authors: Aoki Toshihiro , Hirasawa Mitsuaki , Ito Yuta , Nishimura Jun , Tsuchiya Asato 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The emergence of (3+1)D expanding space-time in the Lorentzian type IIB matrix model is an intriguing phenomenon that has been observed in Monte Carlo studies of this model. In particular, this may be taken as support for the conjecture that the model is a nonperturbative formulation of superstring theory in (9+1) dimensions. In this paper we investigate the space-time structure of the matrices generated by simulating this model and its simplified versions, and find that the expanding part of the space is described essentially by the Pauli matrices. We argue that this is due to an approximation used in the simulation to avoid the sign problem, which actually amounts to replacing ${e}^{iS_{\rm b}}$ by ${e}^{\beta S_{\rm b}}$ ($\beta>0$) in the partition function, where $S_{\rm b}$ is the bosonic part of the action. We also discuss the possibility of obtaining a regular space-time with the (3+1)D expanding behavior in the original model with the correct ${e}^{iS_{\rm b}}$ factor.
F-term moduli stabilization and uplifting
Authors: Kobayashi Tatsuo , Seto Osamu , Takada Shintaro , Tatsuishi Takuya H , Uemura Shohei , Yamamoto Junji 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe study Kähler moduli stabilization in type IIB superstring theory. We propose a new moduli stabilization mechanism by the supersymmetry breaking chiral superfield which is coupled to Kähler moduli in the Kähler potential. We also study its uplifting of the Large Volume Scenario (LVS). In both cases, the form of the superpotential is crucial for moduli stabilization. We confirm that our uplifting mechanism does not destabilize the vacuum of the LVS drastically.
Large-amplitude quadrupole shape mixing probed by the $(p,p^\prime)$ reaction: A model analysis
Authors: Sato Koichi , Furumoto Takenori , Kikuchi Yuma , Ogata Kazuyuki , Sakuragi Yukinori 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
To discuss a possible observation of large-amplitude nuclear shape mixing by nuclear reaction, we employ a simple collective model and evaluate the transition densities with which the differential cross sections are obtained through the microscopic coupled-channel calculation. Assuming the spherical-to-prolate shape transition, we focus on large-amplitude shape mixing associated with the softness of the collective potential in the $\beta$ direction. We introduce a simple model based on the five-dimensional quadrupole collective Hamiltonian, which simulates a chain of isotopes that exhibit spherical-to-prolate shape phase transition. Taking $^{154}$Sm as an example and controlling the model parameters, we study how the large-amplitude shape mixing affects the elastic and inelastic proton scatterings. The calculated results suggest that the inelastic cross section of the $2_2^+$ state shows us the important role of the quadrupole shape mixing.
Improved accuracy in the determination of the thermal cross section of ${}^{14}{\rm N}({\rm n},{\rm p}){}^{14}{\rm C}$ for neutron lifetime measurement
Authors: Kitahara R , Hirota K , Ieki S , Ino T , Iwashita Y , Kitaguchi M , Koga J , Mishima K , Morishita A , Nagakura N , Oide H , Otono H , Seki Y , Sekiba D , Shima T , Shimizu H M , Sumi N , Sumino H , Taketani K , Tomita T , Yamada T , Yamashita S , Yokohashi M , Yoshioka T 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In a neutron lifetime measurement at the Japan Proton Accelerator Complex, the neutron lifetime is calculated from the neutron decay rate and the incident neutron flux. The flux is obtained by counting the protons emitted from the neutron absorption reaction of ${}^{3}{\rm He}$ gas, which is diluted in a mixture of working gas in a detector. Hence, it is crucial to determine the amount of ${}^{3}{\rm He}$ in the mixture. In order to improve the accuracy of the number density of the ${}^{3}{\rm He}$ nuclei, we have suggested using the ${}^{14}{\rm N}({\rm n},{\rm p}){}^{14}{\rm C}$ reaction as a reference because this reaction involves similar kinetic energy to the $^3$He(n,p)$^3$H reaction and a smaller reaction cross section to introduce reasonable large partial pressure. The uncertainty of the recommended value of the cross section, however, is not satisfied with our requirement. In this paper we report the most accurate experimental value of the cross section of the $^{14}$N(n,p)$^{14}$C reaction at a neutron velocity of 2200 m s$^{-1}$, measured relative to the $^3$He(n,p)$^3$H reaction. The result was 1.868 $\pm$ 0.003 (stat.) $\pm$ 0.006 (sys.) b. Additionally, the cross section of the $^{17}$O(n,$\alpha$)$^{14}$C reaction at the neutron velocity is also redetermined as 249 $\pm$ 6 mb.
Renormalon-free definition of the gluon condensate within the large-$\beta_0$ approximation
Authors: Suzuki Hiroshi , Takaura Hiromasa 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We propose a clear definition of the gluon condensate within the large-$\beta_0$ approximation as an attempt toward a systematic argument on the gluon condensate. We define the gluon condensate such that it is free from a renormalon uncertainty, consistent with the renormalization scale independence of each term of the operator product expansion (OPE), and an identical object irrespective of observables. The renormalon uncertainty of $\mathcal{O}(\Lambda^4)$, which renders the gluon condensate ambiguous, is separated from a perturbative calculation by using a recently suggested analytic formulation. The renormalon uncertainty is absorbed into the gluon condensate in the OPE, which makes the gluon condensate free from the renormalon uncertainty. As a result, we can define the OPE in a renormalon-free way. Based on this renormalon-free OPE formula, we discuss numerical extraction of the gluon condensate using the lattice data of the energy density operator defined by the Yang–Mills gradient flow.
How Wide Is the Firm Border?*
Authors: Atalay Enghin , Hortaçsu Ali , Li Mary Jialin , Syverson Chad 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We examine the within- and across-firm shipment decisions of tens of thousands of goods-producing and goods-distributing establishments. This allows us to quantify the normally unobservable forces that determine firm boundaries, that is, which transactions are mediated by ownership control, as opposed to contracts or markets. We find firm boundaries to be an economically significant barrier to trade: having an additional vertically integrated establishment in a given destination ZIP code has the same effect on shipment volumes as a 40% reduction in distance. These effects are larger for high value-to-weight products, faraway destinations, differentiated products, and IT-intensive industries.
Choroid Plexus Enlargement and Allostatic Load in Schizophrenia
Authors: Zhou Yan-Fang , Huang Jun-Chao , Zhang Ping , Fan Feng-Mei , Chen Song , Fan Hong-Zhen , Cui Yi-Min , Luo Xing-Guang , Tan Shu-Ping , Wang Zhi-Ren , Feng Wei , Yuan Ying , Yang Fu-De , Savransky Anya , Ryan Meghann , Goldwaser Eric , Chiappelli Joshua , Rowland Laura M , Kochunov Peter , Tan Yun-Long , Hong L Elliot 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Although schizophrenia is a brain disorder, increasing evidence suggests that there may be body-wide involvement in this illness. However, direct evidence of brain structures involved in the presumed peripheral-central interaction in schizophrenia is still unclear. Seventy-nine previously treatment-naïve first-episode schizophrenia patients who were within 2-week antipsychotics initial stabilization, and 41 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Group differences in subcortical brain regional structures measured by MRI and the subclinical cardiovascular, metabolic, immune, and neuroendocrine biomarkers as indexed by allostatic load, and their associations were explored. Compared with controls, patients with schizophrenia had significantly higher allostatic load (P = .001). Lateral ventricle (P &lt; .001), choroid plexus (P &lt; .001), and thalamus volumes (P &lt; .001) were significantly larger, whereas amygdala volume (P = .001) was significantly smaller in patients. The choroid plexus alone was significantly correlated with higher allostatic load after age, sex, education level, and the total intracranial volume were taken into account (t = 3.60, P &lt; .001). Allostatic load was also significantly correlated with PANSS positive (r = 0.28, P = .016) and negative (r = −0.31, P = .008) symptoms, but in opposite directions. The peripheral multisystemic and central nervous system abnormalities in schizophrenia may interact through the choroid plexus during the early stage of the illness. The choroid plexus might provide a sensitive structural biomarker to study the treatment and prevention of brain-periphery interaction abnormalities in schizophrenia.
Association between Household Livestock Ownership and Childhood Stunting in Bangladesh – A Spatial Analysis
Authors: Hossain Md Belal , Khan Jahidur Rahman 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Livestock is an integrated part of agriculture, yet the relationship between household livestock ownership and child nutrition is a significant knowledge gap. The present study aimed to assess the association between household livestock ownership and childhood stunting and to explore the geospatial variations at district level in Bangladesh. A complete data of 19 295 children aged below 5 years were extracted from the latest Bangladesh Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2012–13. The tropical livestock unit (TLU) score calculated as a weighted value for each livestock and categorized as low, medium, and high using tertile. A hierarchical Bayesian spatial logistic model was used to assess the association between TLU and childhood stunting. Children from the household with high TLU were 10% less likely to be stunted (adjusted posterior odds ratio: 0.90, 95% credible interval: 0.84–0.97) after controlling for demographic, socioeconomic, morbidity, place of residence and spatial effects. There was also a substantial spatial variation in childhood stunting across districts in Bangladesh with the highest burden in the Northern and North-Eastern regions. The positive effect of household livestock ownership on reducing child stunting suggests that, in addition to nutritional intervention in Bangladesh, efforts to strengthen livestock production would be beneficial for improving child nutrition status. However, a small effect size may be owing to the lack of dietary diversity, livestock health and productivity data as well as the complexity of the relationship, requiring further study. Furthermore, a significant regional disparity in stunting highlighted the importance of spatial targeting during the design of interventions and implementation.
The multifurcating skyline plot
Authors: Hoscheit Patrick , Pybus Oliver G 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA variety of methods based on coalescent theory have been developed to infer demographic history from gene sequences sampled from natural populations. The ‘skyline plot’ and related approaches are commonly employed as flexible prior distributions for phylogenetic trees in the Bayesian analysis of pathogen gene sequences. In this work we extend the classic and generalized skyline plot methods to phylogenies that contain one or more multifurcations (i.e. hard polytomies). We use the theory of Λ-coalescents (specifically, Beta(2-α,α)-coalescents) to develop the ‘multifurcating skyline plot’, which estimates a piecewise constant function of effective population size through time, conditional on a time-scaled multifurcating phylogeny. We implement a smoothing procedure and extend the method to serially sampled (heterochronous) data, but we do not address here the problem of estimating trees with multifurcations from gene sequence alignments. We validate our estimator on simulated data using maximum likelihood and find that parameters of the Beta(2-α,α) -coalescent process can be estimated accurately. Furthermore, we apply the multifurcating skyline plot to simulated trees generated by tracking transmissions in an individual-based model of epidemic superspreading. We find that high levels of superspreading are consistent with the high-variance assumptions underlying Λ-coalescents and that the estimated parameters of the Λ-coalescent model contain information about the degree of superspreading.
DisCVR: Rapid viral diagnosis from high-throughput sequencing data
Authors: Maabar Maha , Davison Andrew J , Vučak Matej , Thorburn Fiona , Murcia Pablo R , Gunson Rory , Palmarini Massimo , Hughes Joseph 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
High-throughput sequencing (HTS) enables most pathogens in a clinical sample to be detected from a single analysis, thereby providing novel opportunities for diagnosis, surveillance, and epidemiology. However, this powerful technology is difficult to apply in diagnostic laboratories because of its computational and bioinformatic demands. We have developed DisCVR, which detects known human viruses in clinical samples by matching sample k-mers (twenty-two nucleotide sequences) to k-mers from taxonomically labeled viral genomes. DisCVR was validated using published HTS data for eighty-nine clinical samples from adults with upper respiratory tract infections. These samples had been tested for viruses metagenomically and also by real-time polymerase chain reaction assay, which is the standard diagnostic method. DisCVR detected human viruses with high sensitivity (79%) and specificity (100%), and was able to detect mixed infections. Moreover, it produced results comparable to those in a published metagenomic analysis of 177 blood samples from patients in Nigeria. DisCVR has been designed as a user-friendly tool for detecting human viruses from HTS data using computers with limited RAM and processing power, and includes a graphical user interface to help users interpret and validate the output. It is written in Java and is publicly available from http://bioinformatics.cvr.ac.uk/discvr.php.