bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Look mommy, I'm eating the plate model!’ Biopedagogies and coping with obesity through objectification
Authors: Ersfjord Ellen Margrete Iveland 
Published: March 2018

AbstractChildhood obesity is increasing in many parts of the world. For the child, obesity often involves major social challenges. Within the framework of social studies of children and childhood and employing the concept of biopedagogies, I explore how children with severe obesity who participate in a long‐term rehabilitation programme changed the perception of their bodies from ‘being fat’ to ‘suffering from obesity’ by embracing the biopedagogies involved. Due to this transformation, ‘obesity’ was made into an entity – ‘a thing’ that the children could work on –, which was used for coping and change. The article is based on an ethnographic field study of a Norwegian randomized medical intervention trial for children with obesity.A virtual abstract of this paper can be viewed at: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_979cmCmR9rLrKuD7z0ycA
Pelvic Artery Calcification Score Is a Marker of Vascular Calcification in Male Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Matsuura Tomohiko , Abe Takaya , Onoda Mitsutaka , Ikarashi Daiki , Sugimura Jun , Komaki Toshiaki , Sasaki Nariyuki , Takasawa Yumiko , Kato Tetsuo , Yoshioka Kunihiro , Ehara Shigeru , Obara Wataru 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPatients who undergo hemodialysis often suffer from cardiovascular disease (CVD), and evaluation of coronary artery calcification is extremely important. These evaluations are typically conducted using a noninvasive method including electron beam computed tomography (CT) or multi‐detector CT, and the Agatston method to calculate the coronary artery calcification score (CACS). However, it is difficult to use for patients undergoing dialysis. Because patients undergoing dialysis is too strong in coronary artery calcification, and results become incorrect. Therefore, we were looking for a calcified evaluation place peculiar to a patients undergoing dialysis. We obtained pelvic artery calcification scores (PACS) using a 64‐row multi‐slice CT to assess the presence of calcification within a triangular space bordered by bordered by osseous structure. We used the Agatston method to calculate PACS. We compared male patients undergoing dialysis with male patients with normal renal function. Patients undergoing hemodialysis had a significantly higher incidence of pelvic artery calcification than normal controls (79.7% vs. 5.5%). In the dialysis group, CACS was 1660.2 (0–9056.1), and PACS was 48.8 (0–2943.1). We found a correlation between PACS and CACS and between PACS and dialysis period. We found penile artery calcification in male patients undergoing hemodialysis was more than normal controls, and it was possible to quantify PACS using the Agatston method. This study suggested the possibility that PACS became the vascular calcification evaluation method of the hemodialysis patient.
Fibrosis‐4 index predicts cirrhosis risk and liver‐related mortality in 2075 patients with chronic HBV infection
Authors: Tseng T.‐C. , Liu C.‐J. , Su T.‐H. , Yang W.‐T. , Chen C.‐L. , Yang H.‐C. , Kuo S. F.‐T. , Liu C.‐H. , Chen P.‐J. , Chen D.‐S. , Kao J.‐H. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryBackgroundFibrosis‐4 index (FIB‐4) is a surrogate marker for hepatic fibrosis in hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers.AimTo investigate whether FIB‐4 index stratifies the risks of adverse liver events.MethodsA total of 2075 treatment‐naïve, noncirrhotic the patients with chronic HBV infection were included. Most of them (82.1%) were HBeAg‐negative patients and their baseline FIB‐4 levels were explored to stratify the risks of cirrhosis, cirrhosis‐related complications and liver‐related mortality.ResultsDuring a mean follow‐up period of 15.47 years, we found a higher baseline FIB‐4 index was associated with increased incidence rates of cirrhosis in addition to the common host and viral factors. Patients with FIB‐4 >1.29, compared to those with FIB‐4 <1.29, were associated with increased risks of cirrhosis, cirrhosis‐related complications and liver‐related mortality with the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of 6.19 (4.76‐8.05), 6.88, (3.68‐12.86) and 7.79, (4.54‐13.37) respectively. Within the first 3 years of follow‐up, FIB‐4 remained stable and its kinetics were consistently associated with the develoopment of adverse liver events. Furthermore, FIB‐4 index of 1.29 was able to stratify all the risks of adverse liver events even in HBeAg‐negative patients with a low risk of disease progression (HBV DNA <2000 IU/mL, HBsAg <1000 IU/mL and ALT <40 U/L). Only 1 patient with FIB‐4 index <1.29 developed cirrhosis but not other events within 15 years of follow‐up.ConclusionsIn noncirrhotic patients with chronic HBV infection, a higher FIB‐4 index was associated with increased risks of adverse liver events. FIB‐4 index <1.29 is useful for the prediction of the lowest risks of disease progression.
Mortality in rabbits transported for slaughter
Authors: Voslarova Eva , Vecerek Vladimir , Bedanova Iveta , Vecerkova Lenka 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDuring transport rabbits may be exposed to various stressors which can compromise both their welfare and meat quality. Mortality related to the commercial transport of rabbits for slaughter was analyzed in the Czech Republic in the period from 2009 to 2016. The overall transport‐related mortality of rabbits was 0.19%. Transport distance was found to have an impact on rabbit mortality; significantly (p < .001) greater losses were found in rabbits transported over longer distances. Mortality rates ranged from 0.02% in rabbits transported over distances of less than 50 km to 0.29% in rabbits transported over distances exceeding 400 km. A significantly (p < .001) increased risk was also associated with shipments in which 500 and more rabbits were delivered per batch. No effect of season was found. Our results show that rabbits can be transported within a wide range of temperatures (from −5 to 19.9°C) with no negative impact on mortality in transit. However, journeys carried out at temperatures below −5°C and above 20°C were associated with increased death losses (0.17% and 0.15%, respectively).
Connection‐based and object‐based grouping in multiple‐object tracking: A developmental study
Authors: Van der Hallen Ruth , Reusens Julie , Evers Kris , de‐Wit Lee , Wagemans Johan 
Published: March 2018

Developmental research on Gestalt laws has previously revealed that, even as young as infancy, we are bound to group visual elements into unitary structures in accordance with a variety of organizational principles. Here, we focus on the developmental trajectory of both connection‐based and object‐based grouping, and investigate their impact on object formation in participants, aged 9–21 years old (N = 113), using a multiple‐object tracking paradigm. Results reveal a main effect of both age and grouping type, indicating that 9‐ to 21‐year‐olds are sensitive to both connection‐based and object‐based grouping interference, and tracking ability increases with age. In addition to its importance for typical development, these results provide an informative baseline to understand clinical aberrations in this regard.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

The origin of the Gestalt principles is still an ongoing debate: Are they innate, learned over time, or both?

Developmental research has revealed how each Gestalt principle has its own trajectory and unique relationship to visual experience.

Both connectedness and object‐based grouping play an important role in object formation during childhood.

What does this study add?

The study identifies how sensitivity to connectedness and object‐based grouping evolves in individuals, aged 9–21 years old.

Using multiple‐object tracking, results reveal that the ability to track multiple objects increases with age.

These results provide an informative baseline to understand clinical aberrations in different types of grouping.
Indicators of transitions in biological systems
Authors: Clements Christopher F. , Ozgul Arpat 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn the face of global biodiversity declines, predicting the fate of biological systems is a key goal in ecology. One popular approach is the search for early warning signals (EWSs) based on alternative stable states theory. In this review, we cover the theory behind nonlinearity in dynamic systems and techniques to detect the loss of resilience that can indicate state transitions. We describe the research done on generic abundance‐based signals of instability that are derived from the phenomenon of critical slowing down, which represent the genesis of EWSs research. We highlight some of the issues facing the detection of such signals in biological systems – which are inherently complex and show low signal‐to‐noise ratios. We then document research on alternative signals of instability, including measuring shifts in spatial autocorrelation and trait dynamics, and discuss potential future directions for EWSs research based on detailed demographic and phenotypic data. We set EWSs research in the greater field of predictive ecology and weigh up the costs and benefits of simplicity vs. complexity in predictive models, and how the available data should steer the development of future methods. Finally, we identify some key unanswered questions that, if solved, could improve the applicability of these methods.
Octreotide for congenital and acquired chylothorax in newborns: A systematic review
Authors: Bellini Carlo , Cabano Rita , De Angelis Laura C , Bellini Tommaso , Calevo Maria G , Gandullia Paolo , Ramenghi Luca A 
Published: March 2018

AimChylothorax is a rare but life‐threatening condition in newborns. Octreotide, a somatostatin analogue, is widely used as a therapeutic option in neonates with congenital and acquired chylothorax, but its therapeutic role has not been clarified yet.MethodsWe performed a systematic review to assess the efficacy and safety of octreotide in the treatment of congenital and acquired chylothorax in newborns. Comprehensive research, updated till 31 October 2017, was performed by searching in PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases using the MeSH terms ‘octreotide’ and ‘chylothorax’. Both term and preterm newborns with congenital or acquired chylothorax treated with octreotide within the 30th day of life were included. Octreotide treatment was considered effective if a progressive reduction/ceasing in drained chylous effusion occurred.ResultsA total of 39 articles were included. Octreotide was effective in 47% of patients, with a slight but not significant difference between congenital (30/57; 53.3%) and acquired (9/27; 33.3%) chylothorax (P = 0.10). Marked variation in octreotide regimen was observed. The most common therapeutic scheme was intravenous infusion at a starting dose of 1 μg/kg/h, gradually increasing to 10 μg/kg/h according to the therapeutic response. Side effects were reported in 12 of 84 patients (14.3%). Only case reports were included in this review due to the lack of randomised controlled trials.ConclusionOctreotide is a relatively effective and safe treatment option in neonates with chylothorax, especially for the congenital forms.
Neonatal oesophageal perforation: The role for non‐operative management
Authors: Hodgson Kate , Togo Andrea , Moore Aideen M , Moody Amanda , King Sebastian K , Zani Augusto 
Published: March 2018

AimIsolated oesophageal perforation in neonates is a rare but potentially life‐threatening condition. Although management has historically been operative, conservative management (antibiotics, bowel rest, parenteral nutrition) is now more routinely used. The aim of this study was to evaluate the management of this condition in two large neonatal surgical centres.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted for neonates admitted to The Hospital for Sick Children (Toronto, Canada) or The Royal Children's Hospital (Melbourne, Australia) with a diagnosis of oesophageal perforation, from 2006 to 2016. Patients with oesophageal atresia or tracheo‐oesophageal fistula were excluded. Data were collected from chart review regarding demographics, clinical course, management and outcomes.ResultsEleven neonates with oesophageal perforation were identified over a 10‐year period at the two centres. Median gestational age at birth was 25.3 weeks (interquartile range 24.2–28.8) and the majority (7/11, 64%) of neonates were extremely low birthweight. Diagnosis was made on day 1 of life for 9 of 11 (81%) neonates and was secondary to nasogastric tube insertion in 10 of 11 (91%) neonates. Only four (36%) neonates had symptomatic complications. All neonates were managed with bowel rest and intravenous antibiotics for a median of 7 days (interquartile range 7–10); two patients required operative intervention. Three neonates (27%) developed chronic lung disease and two (19%) died prior to discharge.ConclusionsOesophageal perforation is severe complication secondary to instrumentation of the upper gastrointestinal tract in neonates. Prompt and accurate diagnosis is crucial. Non‐operative management is effective for the majority, though morbidity is common.
Curcumin nanoparticles potentiate therapeutic effectiveness of acitrein in moderate-to-severe psoriasis patients and control serum cholesterol levels
Authors: Bilia Anna Rita , Bergonzi Maria Camilla , Isacchi Benedetta , Antiga Emiliano , Caproni Marzia 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Objectives
In this study, nanoparticles of curcumin were developed and orally administered to moderate-to-severe psoriasis (Psoriasis Area Severity Index values, PASI &gt; 10) patients, in a placebo controlled, double blind, randomised clinical trial to evaluate the effectiveness.

Methods
Diverse binary systems of curcumin and hydrophilic polymers were investigated to optimise solubility and stability in terms of curcumin residual content and size of the crystals. Nanocrystals of curcumin stabilised with PVP (1 : 0.5, w/w), were characterised using X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, TEM analyses and stability studies. The formulation was evaluated with a parallel artificial membrane permeability assay to predict the passive intestinal absorption. The first group of patients was treated orally with acitretin (0.4 mg/kg per day) plus nanocurcumin (3 g/day), the second group with acitretin, for 12 weeks.

Key findings
Curcumin nanoparticles were homogeneous and stable systems. Curcumin permeability was significantly enhanced when compared with aqueous saturated solution of curcumin. The reduction in PASI was significantly higher in patients treated with curcumin (P &lt; 0.0001) and cholesterol serum levels remained unchanged in patients treated with acitretin plus nanocurcumin.

Conclusions
Curcumin nanoparticles represent an effective adjuvant therapy in moderate-to-severe psoriasis patients treated with oral acitretin, improving their lipid serum profile.
Maternal encouragement of modest behavior, temperamental shyness, and anxious withdrawal linkages to Chinese American children's social adjustment: A moderated mediation analysis
Authors: Balkaya Merve , Cheah Charissa S. L. , Yu Jing , Hart Craig H. , Sun Shuyan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPast studies have revealed potential differences in the functional meaning and social evaluation of children's temperamental shyness between Chinese interdependence‐oriented and North American independence‐oriented cultural contexts. However, very little is known about shy Chinese American children's adjustment in Western school contexts and potential pathways underlying their adjustment. To address this gap in the literature, we examined the associations between Chinese American children's temperamental shyness and their social adjustment outcomes, including peer exclusion, prosocial behavior, and assertiveness/leadership skills. In addition, the mediating role of children's display of anxious‐withdrawn behavior and the moderating role of first‐generation Chinese immigrant mothers’ encouragement of modesty in their parenting practices as applied to associations between temperamental shyness and social adjustment outcomes were explored. Path analyses indicated that the impact of Chinese American children's temperamental shyness on their socioemotional adjustment was mediated by their display of anxious‐withdrawn behavior in school. However, when Chinese immigrant mothers encouraged their children to be more modest, children's temperamental shyness was less strongly related to negative social adjustment outcomes through diminished anxious‐withdrawn behavior. These results highlighted the importance of culturally emphasized parenting practices in fostering Chinese American children's adjustment in the United States.
Molecular phylogenetics reveals novel relationships within Empidoidea (Diptera)
Authors: Wahlberg Emma , Johanson Kjell Arne 
Published: March 2018

AbstractEmpidoidea represent a large and diverse superfamily of true flies, and to date no stable hypothesis on the phylogeny exists. Previous classifications have been based on morphological data and the relationships among several groups are still unknown. Using the mitochondrial genes cytochrome oxidase c subunit I (COI) and cytochrome β (Cytβ) and the nuclear genes carbomoylphosphate synthase domain of rudimentary (CAD), elongation factor‐1α (EF‐1α) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) in a Bayesian analysis, we tested the support of higher taxonomic groups within this large superfamily of flies. We re‐evaluated previous hypotheses of evolution within the group and present a highly supported phylogenetic hypothesis. Atelestidae, Dolichopodidae, Empididae and Hybotidae were supported as monophyletic families, with Atelestidae as sister group to the remaining Empidoidea. Within the family Hybotidae, Bicellariinae stat.n. formed the sister group to the other subfamilies. The family Ragadidae stat.n. is established to include the subfamily Ragadinae and the new subfamily Iteaphilinae subfam.n.; Ragadidae was sister group to the Empididae. Dolichopodidae was found to form a sister group to Ragadidae plus Empididae. Within Empididae, Hemerodromiinae was found to be a nonmonophyletic group. The tribes Hilarini and Hemerodromiini stat. rev. were recovered as sister groups, as were Empidini and Chelipodini stat. rev. The former family Brachystomatidae was found to be nested within Empididae. A revised classification and diagnoses of nondolichopodid families, subfamilies and tribes are provided.
The cyclin‐dependent kinase G group defines a thermo‐sensitive alternative splicing circuit modulating the expression of ArabidopsisATU2AF65A
Authors: Cavallari Nicola , Nibau Candida , Fuchs Armin , Dadarou Despoina , Barta Andrea , Doonan John H. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe ability to adapt growth and development to temperature variations is crucial to generate plant varieties resilient to predicted temperature changes. However, the mechanisms underlying plant response to progressive increases in temperature have just started to be elucidated. Here, we report that the cyclin‐dependent kinase G1 (CDKG1) is a central element in a thermo‐sensitivemRNAsplicing cascade that transduces changes in ambient temperature into differential expression of the fundamental spliceosome component,ATU2AF65A.CDKG1is alternatively spliced in a temperature‐dependent manner. We found that this process is partly dependent on both the cyclin‐dependent kinase G2 (CDKG2) and the interacting co‐factorCYCLINL1 (CYCL1), resulting in two distinct messengerRNAs. The relative abundance of bothCDKG1transcripts correlates with ambient temperature and possibly with different expression levels of the associated protein isoforms. BothCDKG1 alternative transcripts are necessary to fully complement the expression ofATU2AF65Aacross the temperature range. Our data support a previously unidentified temperature‐dependent mechanism based on the alternative splicing (AS) ofCDKG1and regulated byCDKG2 and CYCL1. We propose that changes in ambient temperature affect the relative abundance ofCDKG1transcripts, and this in turn translates into differentialCDKG1 protein expression coordinating theASofATU2AF65A.
Carbothermal shock synthesis of high-entropy-alloy nanoparticles
Authors: Yao Yonggang , Huang Zhennan , Xie Pengfei , Lacey Steven D. , Jacob Rohit Jiji , Xie Hua , Chen Fengjuan , Nie Anmin , Pu Tiancheng , Rehwoldt Miles , Yu Daiwei , Zachariah Michael R. , Wang Chao , Shahbazian-Yassar Reza , Li Ju , Hu Liangbing 
Published: March 2018

Nanoparticle synthesis gets a shockNanoparticles are useful in a wide range of applications such as catalysis, imaging, and energy storage. Yaoet al.developed a method for making nanoparticles with up to eight different elements (see the Perspective by Skrabalak). The method relies on shocking metal salt-covered carbon nanofibers, followed by rapid quenching. The “carbothermal shock synthesis” can be tuned to select for nanoparticle size as well. The authors successfully created PtPdRhRuCe nanoparticles to catalyze ammonia oxidation.Science, this issue p.1489; see also p.1467
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: variation by socioeconomic deprivation
Authors: Prasad Vibhore , West Joe , Kendrick Denise , Sayal Kapil 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundIn England, there is a discrepancy between the prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) ascertained from medical records and community surveys. There is also a lack of data on variation in recorded prevalence by deprivation and geographical region; information that is important for service development and commissioning.MethodsCohort study using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink comprising 5196 children and young people aged 3–17 years with ADHD and 490 016 without, in 2012.ResultsIn 2012, the recorded prevalence of ADHD was 1.06% (95% CI 1.03 to 1.09). Prevalence in the most deprived areas was double that of the least deprived areas (prevalence rate ratio 2.58 (95% CI 2.36 to 2.83)), with a linear trend from least to most deprived areas across all regions in England.ConclusionsThe low prevalence of ADHD in medical records may indicate considerable underdiagnosis. Higher rates in more disadvantaged areas indicate greater need for services in those areas.
Diabetes risk score in the United Arab Emirates: a screening tool for the early detection of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Sulaiman Nabil , Mahmoud Ibrahim , Hussein Amal , Elbadawi Salah , Abusnana Salah , Zimmet Paul , Shaw Jonathan 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to develop a simple non-invasive risk score, specific to the United Arab Emirates (UAE) citizens, to identify individuals at increased risk of having undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus.Research design and methodsA retrospective analysis of the UAE National Diabetes and Lifestyle data was conducted. The data included demographic and anthropometric measurements, and fasting blood glucose. Univariate analyses were used to identify the risk factors for diabetes. The risk score was developed for UAE citizens using a stepwise forward regression model.ResultsA total of 872 UAE citizens were studied. The overall prevalence of diabetes in the UAE adult citizens in the Northern Emirates was 25.1%. The significant risk factors identified for diabetes were age (≥35 years), a family history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, body mass index ≥30.0 and waist-to-hip ratio ≥0.90 for males and ≥0.85 for females. The performance of the model was moderate in terms of sensitivity (75.4%, 95% CI 68.3 to 81.7) and specificity (70%, 95% CI 65.8 to 73.9). The area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve was 0.82 (95% CI 0.78 to 0.86).ConclusionsA simple, non-invasive risk score model was developed to help to identify those at high risk of having diabetes among UAE citizens. This score could contribute to the efficient and less expensive earlier detection of diabetes in this high-risk population.