bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Netrin-1 promotes diabetic corneal wound healing through molecular mechanisms mediated via the adenosine 2B receptor
Authors: Zhang Yangyang , Chen Peng , Di Guohu , Qi Xia , Zhou Qingjun , Gao Hua 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNetrins are secreted chemoattractants with the roles in axon guidance, cell migration and epithelial plasticity. In the present study, we investigated the roles of netrin-1 in the regulation of corneal epithelial wound healing, inflammation response and nerve fiber regeneration in diabetic mice and cultured corneal epithelial cells. In diabetic mice, the expression of netrin-1 was decreased when compared with that of normal mice. Furthermore, high glucose blocked the wounding-induced up-regulation of netrin-1 expression in corneal epithelial cells. Exogenous netrin-1 promoted the corneal epithelial wound healing in diabetic mice, and facilitated the proliferation and migration by reactivating the phosphorylation of ERK and EGFR in high-glucose treated corneal epithelial cells. Moreover, netrin-1 decreased the neutrophil infiltration and promoted M2 macrophage transition, accompanied with the attenuated expression of pro-inflammatory factors in diabetic mouse corneal epithelium. The promotions of netrin-1 on corneal epithelial wound healing and inflammation resolution were mediated at least through the adenosine 2B receptor. In addition, netrin-1 promoted the regeneration of corneal nerve fibers that was impaired in diabetic mice. Taken together, netrin-1 regulates corneal epithelial wound healing, inflammation response and nerve fiber regeneration in diabetic mice, indicating the potential application for the therapy of diabetic keratopathy.
Characterization of AiiK, an AHL lactonase, from Kurthia huakui LAM0618T and its application in quorum quenching on Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1
Authors: Dong Weiwei , Zhu Jie , Guo Xiang , Kong Delong , Zhang Qi , Zhou Yiqing , Liu Xiaoyang , Zhao Shumiao , Ruan Zhiyong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractN-Acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) act as the key quorum sensing (QS) signal molecules in gram-negative bacteria, which coordinates gene expression and then activates various processes, including biofilm formation and production of virulence factors in some pathogens. Quorum quenching (QQ), which is the inactivation of the signal molecules by means of enzymatic degradation or modification, inhibits the processes of QS rather than killing the pathogens and is a promising antipathogenic strategy to control the bacterial pathogens. In this study, an AHL lactonase gene (named aiiK) was cloned from Kurthia huakuii LAM0618T and the AHL lactonase AiiK was expressed by Escherichia coli. AiiK exhibits a variable substrate spectrum and efficient degradation of the AHL compounds. The enzyme assays demonstrated that AiiK behaves as an AHL lactonase that can hydrolyze the lactone bond of the AHLs. The total hydrolytic efficiency of AiiK for C10-HSL is 3.9 s−1·mM−1. AiiK can also maintain 20% activity after 12 h incubation at 37 °C and demonstrate great resistance to α-chymotrypsin, trypsin, and protease K. Furthermore, AiiK significantly inhibits the biofilm formation and attenuates extracellular proteolytic activity and pyocyanin production of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, which indicates the potential application of AiiK as a biocontrol agent or an anti-pathogenic drug.
Relativistic quantum key distribution system with one-way quantum communication
Authors: Kravtsov K. S. , Radchenko I. V. , Kulik S. P. , Molotkov S. N. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractUnambiguous state discrimination (USD) is one of the major obstacles for practical quantum key distribution (QKD). Often overlooked, it allows efficient eavesdropping in majority of practical systems, provided the overall channel loss is above a certain threshold. Thus, to remain secure all such systems must not only monitor the actual loss, but also possess a comprehensive information on the safe ‘loss vs. BER’ levels, which is often well beyond currently known security analyses. The more advanced the protocol the tougher it becomes to find and prove corresponding bounds. To get out of this vicious circle and solve the problem outright, we demonstrate a so called relativistic QKD system, which uses causality to become inherently immune to USD-based attacks. The system proves to be practical in metropolitan line-of-sight arrangements. At the same time it has a very basic structure that allows for a straightforward and comprehensive security analysis.
Reiner Gamma albedo features reproduced by modeling solar wind standoff
Authors: Deca Jan , Divin Andrey , Lue Charles , Ahmadi Tara , Horányi Mihály 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAll lunar swirls are known to be co-located with crustal magnetic anomalies (LMAs). Not all LMAs can be associated with albedo markings, making swirls, and their possible connection with the former, an intriguing puzzle yet to be solved. By coupling fully kinetic simulations with a Surface Vector Mapping model, we show that solar wind standoff, an ion–electron kinetic interaction mechanism that locally prevents weathering by solar wind ions, reproduces the shape of the Reiner Gamma albedo pattern. Our method reveals why not every magnetic anomaly forms a distinct albedo marking. A qualitative match between optical remote observations and in situ particle measurements of the back-scattered ions is simultaneously achieved, demonstrating the importance of a kinetic approach to describe the solar wind interaction with LMAs. The anti-correlation between the predicted amount of surface weathering and the surface reflectance is strongest when evaluating the proton energy flux.
Very massive stars: a metallicity-dependent upper-mass limit, slow winds, and the self-enrichment of globular clusters
Authors: Vink Jorick S. 
Published: April 2018

One of the key questions in Astrophysics concerns the issue of whether there exists an upper-mass limit to stars, and if so, what physical mechanism sets this limit? The answer to this question might also determine if the upper-mass limit is metallicity (Z) dependent. We argue that mass loss by radiation-driven winds mediated by line opacity is one of the prime candidates setting the upper-mass limit. We present mass-loss predictions (Ṁwind) from Monte Carlo radiative transfer models for relatively cool (Teff = 15 kK) very inflated massive stars (VMS) with large Eddington Γ factors in the mass range 102–103 M⊙ as a function of metallicity down to 1/100 Z∕Z⊙. We employed a hydrodynamic version of our Monte Carlo method, allowing us to predict the rate of mass loss (Ṁwind) and the terminal wind velocity (v∞) simultaneously. Interestingly, we find wind terminal velocities (v∞) that are low (100–500 km s−1) over a wide Z-range, and we propose that the slow winds from VMS are an important source of self-enrichment in globular clusters. We also find mass-loss rates (Ṁwind), exceeding the typical mass-accretion rate (Ṁaccr) of 10−3 M⊙ yr−1 during massive-star formation. We have expressed our mass-loss predictions as a function of mass and Z, finding log Ṁ = −9.13 + 2.1 log(M∕M⊙) + 0.74 log(Z∕Z⊙) (M⊙∕yr). Even if stellar winds do not directly halt & reverse mass accretion during star formation, if the most massive stars form by stellar mergers, stellar wind mass loss may dominate over the rate at which stellar growth takes place. We therefore argue that the upper-mass limit is effectively Z-dependent due to the nature of radiation-driven winds. This has dramatic consequences for the most luminous supernovae, gamma-ray bursts, and other black hole formation scenarios at different Cosmic epochs.
Der Öffentliche Gesundheitsdienst – jetzt erst recht!
Authors: Teichert Ute 
Published: April 2018

Liebe Kolleginnen und Kollegen, sehr geehrte Damen und Herren,„Der Öffentliche Gesundheitsdienst – jetzt erst recht“ so lautet das diesjährige Motto des 68. Wissenschaftlichen Kongresses der Bundesverbände der Ärztinnen und Ärzte sowie Zahnärzte des Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes und der Gesellschaft für Hygiene, Umweltmedizin und Präventivmedizin, der vom 26.–28. April 2018 in Osnabrück stattfindet.
Terminal ileum resection as a trigger for Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection and ensuing serial sepsis in a 37-year-old patient with complicated Crohnʼs disease: a case report
Authors: Topić Mirjana , Čuković-Čavka Silvija , Brinar Marko , Kalauz Mirjana , Škrlec Ivica , Majerović Matea 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe nematode Strongyloides stercoralis, outside the tropics and subtropics present in small endemic foci, can cause an infection after direct skin contact with contaminated soil containing infective filariform larvae and, rarely, after intimate interhuman contact or after transplantation of an infected solid organ. Following skin penetration, migration, and maturation through several stages, a small number of invasive filariform larvae can develop anew in the gut lumen, perpetuating new cycles of penetration, tissue migration, and reproduction, without leaving the host.In a state of immunosuppression, autoinfection can progress to life-threatening hyperinfection and/or infection disseminated through virtually any organ. In developed countries, the most frequently recognized risk for severe hyperinfection is corticosteroid therapy, but this has been also described in malnourished, alcoholic, cancer, and transplant patients. Due to the frequent need for immunosuppressive therapy, patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are susceptible to develop overwhelming strongyloidiasis. Strongyloidiasis can be easily overlooked in clinical settings, and in many European regions there is poor insight into the epidemiological burden of this disease.We present a case of S. stercoralis hyperinfection that triggered 3 successive episodes of sepsis caused by pathogens of the gut flora in a young patient suffering from stenotic form of Crohn’s disease. S. stercoralis hyperinfection occurred in the corticosteroid-free period, shortly after resection of the terminal ileum, which was probably the trigger for the overwhelming course. The patient was successfully treated with 10-day albendazole therapy.
Morbidität durch Hitze – eine Analyse der Krankenhauseinweisungen per Rettungseinsatz während einer Hitzewelle 2015 in Frankfurt/Main
Authors: Steul Katrin , Latasch Leo , Jung Hans-Georg , Heudorf Ursel 
Published: April 2018

ZusammenfassungHitzewellen gewinnen durch den Klimawandel an Bedeutung. Sie verursachen gesundheitliche Beeinträchtigungen und führen zu einer Zunahme der Sterblichkeit. Der Vergleich verschiedener Untersuchungen gestaltet sich schwierig, da es erhebliche Unterschiede gibt z. B. in der Definition einer Hitzewelle oder zwischen den untersuchten Bevölkerungsgruppen. In der hier vorliegenden Untersuchung wurden die Morbiditätsdaten erhoben durch Daten des web-basierten IVENA Systems (Interdisziplinärer Versorgungsnachweis). Dieses registriert Krankenhauseinweisungen mit Angabe der Einweisungsdiagnose per Rettungsdiensteinsatz. Analysiert wurden die Einweisungen im Stadtgebiet Frankfurt am Main in den Monaten Juni-August 2014–2016. Dieser Zeitraum beinhaltet eine Hitzewelle im Juli 2015 (>32°C für wenigstens 5 Tage in Folge). Es zeigte sich an den Hitzewelle-Tagen eine Zunahme der Krankenhauseinweisungen (sog. Exzess Morbidität) von 22%. Bei Betrachtung der „Hitze-assoziierten Erkrankungen“ (Exsikkose, Synkope, unklares Fieber, Hitzeerschöpfung) zeigte sich eine Zunahme von über 200%. Auch außerhalb der Hitzewelle war eine Korrelation zwischen Einweisungen und Temperatur nachweisbar. Die Akuteinweisungen per Rettungsdiensteinsatz scheinen ein valider Parameter zur Darstellung der Morbiditätssteigerung an Hitzetagen zu sein.
Recent Developments and Applications of the Chiral Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Allylboration of Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Sedgwick Daniel , Grayson Matthew , Fustero Santos , Barrio Pablo 
Published: April 2018

The 50-year-old allylboration reaction has seen dramatic developments since the dawn of the new century after the first catalytic asymmetric versions came into play. In the past decade alone, several methodologies capable of achieving the desired homoallylic alcohols in over 90% ee have been developed. This review focuses on the chiral Brønsted acid catalyzed allylboration reaction, covering everything from the very first examples and precedents to modern day variations and applications.1	Introduction2	Early Developments3	Synthetic Applications4	Variants5	Computational Contribution6	Conclusions
A Rare Pathogen in Acute Appendicitis: Two Cases with Comamonas testosteroni Infection and Literature Review
Authors: Tartar Ayşe Sağmak , Tartar Tugay 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Comamonas testosteroni (formerly Pseudomonas testosteroni) is a common environmental bacterium, which is not a part of the human microbiome. It is rarely found as an infectious agent in clinical practice. The bacterium has low virulence potency and rarely causes human disease. Although this agent is generally considered to be of low virulence, reports of infections with C. testosteroni are increasing. With the exception of intra-abdominal infections, C. testosteroni is mainly reported as an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised patients. However, C. testosteroni has also been reported as a pathogen in patients with appendicitis (especially when perforated), suggesting that this bacterium may belong to the normal intestinal microbiota of some individuals. In this article, we present two children with appendicitis in whom C. testosteroni was isolated from appendix tissue samples.
Applicants' Interest in International Ophthalmology during Residency Training: Influence in Selecting U.S. Residency Programs
Authors: Camacci Mona , Quillen David , Montijo Maria , Chen Michael 
Published: April 2018

Background In recent years, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Residency Committee for Ophthalmology formally recognized international health electives for credit. By engaging in international health experiences, ophthalmology residents achieve the anchors essential to the core competencies set forth by the ACGME.
Objective To explore how the availability of international ophthalmology opportunities may influence applicants' selection of U.S. ophthalmology residency programs and to identify applicants' perceived goals and barriers of participation in international ophthalmology experiences.
Methods For this cross-sectional study, an electronic invitation to a 22-item questionnaire was sent to all 413 applicants to the ophthalmology residency program at the Penn State Eye Center during the 2017 Match.
Results Responses were received from 261 applicants, yielding a response rate of 63.2%. Nearly all respondents (95.4%) reported interest in participating in an international ophthalmology experience during residency training, with 52.1% of respondents reporting being “extremely interested.” More than half of respondents (53.6%) had previously participated in a healthcare-related experience in an international setting. The availability of international opportunities increased the interest of 67.4% of respondents when choosing which residency programs to apply to, and influenced 65.2% of respondents to rank a residency program higher, with the respondents with previous international experience more likely to be favorably influenced (p < 0.001, p = 0.04, respectively). The goal identified by the largest number of respondents as “most important” was to “offer service to the underserved” (59.0%). The most commonly identified anticipated barriers to participating in an international experience during residency training included concern about scheduling conflicts and call coverage (81.7%), followed by lack of funding (71.4%).
Conclusion There is significant interest in international ophthalmology among ophthalmology residency applicants, and the availability of international opportunities during training may influence the applicants' selection of programs. Statistically significant differences were found among respondents with and without previous international healthcare-related experience. These findings warrant further investigation into how residency programs can best address this interest and integrate international ophthalmology experiences into the residency curriculum.
Patient-Reported Treatment Experience with Oral Rivaroxaban: Results from the Noninterventional XALIA Study of Deep-Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Cano Stefan , Mantovani Lorenzo , Folkerts Kerstin , Gebel Martin , Sahin Kurtulus , Zell Elizabeth , Monje Danja , Schneider Jonas , Eickels Martin , Haas Sylvia , Kreutz Reinhold , Ageno Walter , Turpie Alexander 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFor venous thromboembolism (VTE) treatment, patient satisfaction was shown to improve with rivaroxaban versus standard anticoagulation in the phase III EINSTEIN DVT and EINSTEIN PE trials. This substudy of the prospective, noninterventional XALIA study of rivaroxaban for deep-vein thrombosis treatment assessed if this was also observed in routine clinical practice. Patients enrolled in XALIA who received rivaroxaban or standard anticoagulation treatment were eligible for inclusion in this substudy. Treatment decisions were at the physician's discretion. Patients completed the 17-item Anti-Clot Treatment Scale (ACTS, comprising a 12-item Burdens subscale, a 3-item Benefits subscale and one global item per subscale) during follow-up. The propensity score-matched set (PMS) was used for the main analysis; the adjusted safety analysis (ASAF) set was used for confirmatory purposes. Analyses by follow-up visit and subgroup, including age, sex, and previous VTE, were also conducted. The PMS-ACTS analysis included 458 rivaroxaban-treated and 434 standard anticoagulation-treated patients. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were generally similar across treatment arms. ACTS Burdens scores significantly improved with rivaroxaban versus standard anticoagulation (least-squares mean difference of 2.4 ± 0.4 points; p < 0.0001); ACTS Benefits scores were numerically higher with rivaroxaban (least-squares mean difference of 0.2 ± 0.1 points; p = 0.2). Similar findings occurred across follow-up visits and subgroups. Results were confirmed in the ASAF-ACTS analysis. Consistent with phase III analyses, rivaroxaban was associated with improved ACTS Burdens scores; ACTS Benefits scores numerically favored rivaroxaban, although without reaching statistical significance.
Preclinical Labor-and-Delivery Shadowing: The Impact on Medical Students' Perceptions of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Authors: Dotters-Katz Sarah , Panzer Alexis , Givens Matthew , Smid Marcela , Chuang Alice 
Published: April 2018

Objective We sought to determine the impact of preclinical exposure (shadowing) to labor and delivery (L&D) on medical students' perceptions of obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN).
Study Design We administered a written survey to rising third-year medical students at a single center prior to any clerkship. We described motivation/deterrents for shadowing among students, and experiences/perceptions of those students who shadowed.
Results In total, 119/136 (86%) students completed the survey. Of those, 29% participated in shadowing on L&D. Participating students were more likely to be female (79 vs. 21%; p < 0.01) and in their first year (85%). Ninety-one percent participated because they wanted more exposure to OB/GYN, whereas only 53% they were interested in OB/GYN. Students who did not shadow indicated not having enough time as the main reason. After participation, 82% had more perspective on OB/GYN than prior to shadowing. Ninety-seven percent felt that the experience was worthwhile; 62% stated based on their experience that they were likely to consider a career in OB/GYN. All students who participated stated that they would opt to shadow again if given the opportunity.
Conclusion Students who have L&D shadowing exposure report very positive experiences and express desire for increased opportunities. OB/GYN departments may consider increasing availability of L&D shadowing opportunities for preclinical medical students.
Prognostischer Wert des frühen OCT-kontrollierten Ansprechens des konsekutiven Makulaödems der retinalen venösen Verschlüsse nach intravitrealer Gabe von Bevacizumab
Authors: Kourakos Vasileios , Rauscher Andreas , Schmidbauer Josef 
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Ziel dieser Arbeit war, mithilfe der OCT-Untersuchung das Verhalten des Makulaödems retinaler Venenverschlüsse nach Gabe von Bevacizumab zu untersuchen, um daraus eine Prognose über den Krankheitsverlauf und über die Re-Injektionsintervalle abzuleiten.
Material und Methoden Retrospektiv wurden 24 Patienten nach einem retinalen Venenverschluss mittels Fluoreszenzangiografie und OCT der Makula untersucht. Mittels wiederholter OCT-Aufnahmen wurde die frühe Antwort des Makulaödems nach Bevacizumabgabe dokumentiert. Weitere OCT-Aufnahmen erfolgten im Rahmen der Therapie mit insgesamt 3 Bevacizumabinjektionen im Abstand von 30 Tagen sowie bei der letzten Kontrolle am 105. Tag nach der 1. Injektion.
Ergebnisse Nach einer Bevacizumabinjektion kommt es bereits nach 3 Stunden zu einer signifikanten Abnahme des Makulaödems. Diese signifikante Abnahme bleibt bis zum 3. Tag erhalten. Die größte Abnahme findet in den ersten 24 Stunden statt. Patienten, die am 1. Tag (24 Stunden) eine Foveadicke unter 300 µm erreichen, sind 30 Tage später noch rezidivfrei. Die Patienten, die am 1. Tag mehr als 300 µm Foveadicke zeigen, erleiden zu 50% ein Rezidiv nach 30 Tagen. Der günstige Verlauf der 1. Gruppe ist auch bei der letzten Kontrolle am 105. Tag nach der 1. IVOM nachweisbar.
Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung Eine OCT-Untersuchung 24 Stunden nach der 1. IVOM mit Bevacizumab hat einen prognostischen Wert und kann Patienten identifizieren, die längere Therapieintervalle tolerieren und weniger Injektionen benötigen. Mithilfe dieser OCT-Untersuchung 24 Stunden nach der 1. Injektion kann eine Individualisierung der Therapie erfolgen. Auch Patienten, die schlecht auf die Therapie ansprechen, können früh identifiziert werden, um ggf. andere Therapiemöglichkeiten zu erwägen.
Life history variation is maintained by fitness trade-offs and negative frequency-dependent selection
Authors: Christie Mark R. , McNickle Gordon G. , French Rod A. , Blouin Michael S. 
Published: April 2018

SignificanceMany populations and species have different strategies for maximizing reproductive success in changing environments. For example, some species of plants reproduce only once in their lifetime (annuals), whereas others can reproduce over multiple years (perennials). Such variation can also occur in fishes, and we examine how this variation in life history strategies is maintained in a Pacific salmonid species (Oncorhynchus mykiss). We find that fish that successfully migrate between the ocean and their freshwater spawning grounds multiple times (repeat spawners) have more than twice the lifetime reproductive success of fish that only spawn once (single spawners). We also find a striking pattern of negative frequency-dependent selection in which older, larger females have higher lifetime fitness when they are less abundant.