bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity of modelled North Sea cod larvae transport to vertical behaviour, ocean model resolution and interannual variation in ocean dynamics
Authors: Kvile Kristina Øie , Romagnoni Giovanni , Dagestad Knut-Frode , Langangen Øystein , Kristiansen Trond 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTransport with ocean currents affects the spatial distribution and survival of fish eggs and larvae and thereby population connectivity. Biophysical models are commonly used to understand these dynamics. Advancements such as implementing vertical swimming behaviour and higher resolution ocean circulation models are known to improve model performance, however, the relative importance of vertical behaviour vs. ocean model resolution is elusive. Here, we use North Sea cod (Gadus morhua) as a case study to assess how vertical movement, ocean model resolution and interannual variation in ocean dynamics influence drift patterns and population connectivity. We couple a fine (1.6 km, 3 h) and coarser (4 km, 24 h) ocean model to an individual-based model for cod eggs and larvae, and compare simulations with and without vertical movement of eggs and larvae. The results are moderately influenced by vertical movement and ocean model resolution but differ substantially between years. While ocean model resolution is consistently more influential than vertical movement, the effect of vertical movement strongly depends on the spatiotemporal scale of the analyses. This study highlights which aspects of biophysical modelling of connectivity that most critically affect the results, allowing better investing computational resources and proposing goal-based guidelines for future studies.
Crystallization of Random Matrix Orbits
Authors: Gorin Vadim , Marcus Adam W 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThree operations on eigenvalues of real/complex/quaternion (corresponding to $\beta =1,2,4$) matrices, obtained from cutting out principal corners, adding, and multiplying matrices, can be extrapolated to general values of $\beta&gt;0$ through associated special functions. We show that the $\beta \to \infty $ limit for these operations leads to the finite free projection, additive convolution, and multiplicative convolution, respectively. The limit is the most transparent for cutting out the corners, where the joint distribution of the eigenvalues of principal corners of a uniformly-random general $\beta $ self-adjoint matrix with fixed eigenvalues is known as the $\beta $-corners process. We show that as $\beta \to \infty $ these eigenvalues crystallize on an irregular lattice consisting of the roots of derivatives of a single polynomial. In the second order, we observe a version of the discrete Gaussian Free Field put on top of this lattice, which provides a new explanation as to why the (continuous) Gaussian Free Field governs the global asymptotics of random matrix ensembles.
Contribution of Intrasellar Pressure Elevation to Headache Manifestation in Pituitary Adenoma Evaluated With Intraoperative Pressure Measurement
Authors: Hayashi Yasuhiko , Sasagawa Yasuo , Oishi Masahiro , Kita Daisuke , Misaki Koichi , Fukui Issei , Tachibana Osamu , Nakada Mitsutoshi 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Headache frequently occurs in patients with pituitary adenoma and is reported in large as well as small adenomas. However, the exact mechanism of headache derived from pituitary adenoma remains unknown.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the contribution of intrasellar pressure (ISP) to headache manifestation by using intraoperative ISP measurement.

METHODS
The records of 108 patients who had first-time transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenoma were reviewed retrospectively. Measurement of intraoperative ISP was undergone using intracranial pressure monitoring sensors and compared with radiological assessment.

RESULTS
Among 30 patients with headache, 29 (96.7%) presented with significant headache (Headache Impact Score-6, 50 or greater). Intraoperative ISP measurement was conducted successfully in all cases, and revealed higher ISP in patients with headache (35.6 ± 9.2 mm Hg) than in those without headache (15.8 ± 5.2 mm Hg). The ISP reduction after sella floor decompression was greater in patients with headache than that in patients without headache. In patients with headache, the frequency of invasion into the cavernous sinus or sphenoid sinus was significantly lower, and the diameter of the foramen at the diaphragm sellae was narrower. In addition, intratumoral cyst or hematoma was more common in patients with headache. Postoperatively, headache was either diminished or improved in 28 patients (93.3%).

CONCLUSION
Headache in patients with pituitary adenomas associated with ISP elevation, results from compromised dural integrity at the sella and intratumoral hemorrhage. The increased stretch force of the sella dura may be a notable etiology of headache in patients with pituitary adenoma.
Impact of a Residency-Integrated Wellness Program on Resident Mental Health, Sleepiness, and Quality of Life
Authors: Spiotta Alejandro M , Fargen Kyle M , Patel Sunil , Larrew Thomas , Turner Raymond D 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Physicians are poorly trained in balancing the demands of a career in medicine and maintaining personal health. Physician burnout occurs due to demanding hours and psychological conditions unique to the field. Programs that address overall well-being early in residency are necessary to prevent physician burnout and promote physician mental health.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the impact of a wellness initiative on anxiety, depression, quality of life, and sleepiness among the resident participants.

METHODS
A wellness program was initiated and available to resident physicians in the Medical University of South Carolina Department of Neurosurgery. Participants attended weekly group workout sessions with biweekly lectures on mental health and sleep hygiene. Eight resident participants underwent baseline and final psychological testing in July 2015 and June 2016 including the Personal Health Questionnaire Depression Scale, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale, the Quality of Life Scale, and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Participant perceptions of the program were also assessed with an anonymous survey.

RESULTS
At the conclusion of the pilot year, improvements were observed in anxiety scores (4 to 2.1; P = .039), quality-of-life scores (82.4 to 95.4; P = .007), and sleepiness (8.3 to 5.7; P = .019). In general, resident perceptions of the program were favorable.

CONCLUSION
Residency-incorporated wellness programs are achievable and can benefit resident mental health. Lack of a control group limits the interpretation of the results. Programs such as these may be implemented to promote well-being and combat physician burnout and its associated mental health abnormalities.
Toward Functional Restoration of the Central Nervous System: A Review of Translational Neuroscience Principles
Authors: Krucoff Max O , Miller Jonathan P , Saxena Tarun , Bellamkonda Ravi , Rahimpour Shervin , Harward Stephen C , Lad Shivanand P , Turner Dennis A 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Injury to the central nervous system (CNS) can leave patients with devastating neurological deficits that may permanently impair independence and diminish quality of life. Recent insights into how the CNS responds to injury and reacts to critically timed interventions are being translated into clinical applications that have the capacity to drastically improve outcomes for patients suffering from permanent neurological deficits due to spinal cord injury, stroke, or other CNS disorders. The translation of such knowledge into practical and impactful treatments involves the strategic collaboration between neurosurgeons, clinicians, therapists, scientists, and industry. Therefore, a common understanding of key neuroscientific principles is crucial. Conceptually, current approaches to CNS revitalization can be divided by scale into macroscopic (systems-circuitry) and microscopic (cellular-molecular). Here we review both emerging and well-established tenets that are being utilized to enhance CNS recovery on both levels, and we explore the role of neurosurgeons in developing therapies moving forward. Key principles include plasticity-driven functional recovery, cellular signaling mechanisms in axonal sprouting, critical timing for recovery after injury, and mechanisms of action underlying cellular replacement strategies. We then discuss integrative approaches aimed at synergizing interventions across scales, and we make recommendations for the basis of future clinical trial design. Ultimately, we argue that strategic modulation of microscopic cellular behavior within a macroscopic framework of functional circuitry re-establishment should provide the foundation for most neural restoration strategies, and the early involvement of neurosurgeons in the process will be crucial to successful clinical translation.
Twenty-Year Evolution of Hepatitis B Virus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Prevalence and Incidence in Voluntary Blood Donors in Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Seri Benjamin , Minga Albert , Gabillard Delphine , Dembele Bamori , Konate Seidou , Le Carrou Jérôme , Dohoun Lambert , Abo Yao , Karcher Sophie , Coffie Patrick , N’Dri-Yoman Thérèse , Attia Alain , Eholié Serge P , Danel Christine , Lacombe Karine , Anglaret Xavier , Boyd Anders 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Background
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) share common risk factors. The parallel description of their frequency over time may help capture their similarities and differences.

Methods
Using data from the National Transfusion Center of Abidjan, we estimated the following over a 20-year period: (1) the prevalence of HIV and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity at first contact; and (2) the incidence of HIV and HBsAg seroconversion in negative first-time blood donors.

Results
Between 1992 and 2012, 422319 donors (men [M] = 74%) provided 1063825 blood donations. For first-time donors, HIV prevalence decreased from 7.1% (M = 5.9%, women [W] =11.0%) in 1992–1994 to 1.1% (M = 0.8%, W = 2.0%) in 2010–2012. Prevalence of HBsAg positivity remained stable at 10.8% (M = 11.7%, W = 7.3%) in 1992–1994 to 11.1% (M = 12.5%, W = 7.1%) in 2010–2012. Among regular donors (N = 129256), the incidence of becoming HIV or HBsAg positive, respectively, decreased from 4.9 per 100 (M = 4.5, W = 8.6) and 7.3 per 100 person-years (M = 7.8, W = 2.3) in 1992–1994 to 0.07 (M = 0.06, W = 0.11) and 0.2 per 100 person-years (M = 0.2, W = 0.2) in 2010–2012.

Conclusions
Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence and incidence decreased dramatically over time, whereas HBV prevalence remained stable. Incidence of HBsAg seroconversion, although decreasing, still reached unexpected levels, suggesting that the risk of HBV infection in adults may be higher than expected. Hepatitis B surface antigen-negative blood-donors should be offered HBV vaccination.
Situational and Contextual Factors Sustaining Police Impersonation in Nigeria
Authors: Ojedokun Usman Adekunle 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPolice impostors are not only undermining the performance of the Nigeria Police Force, but they are also impinging on the image of the organization. In view of this, this article examined the situational and contextual factors sustaining police impersonation in Nigeria. Situational choice theory was employed as conceptual framework. The existence of six major conditions in Nigeria is encouraging criminally-minded individuals to illegally take-up police identity. Police impersonation is inhibiting the service delivery capacity of the Nigerian police officials in a number of ways. Therefore, it becomes highly imperative for the Nigeria Police Force to design a holistic framework to effectively control the physical and cyber activities of impersonators using police identity to perpetrate different forms of crime.
‘A Little Time Woud Compleat the Cure’: Broken Bones and Fracture Experiences of the Working Poor in London’s General Hospitals During the Long Eighteenth Century
Authors: Mant Madeleine 
Published: March 2018

Summary
This article draws upon admission and discharge records from four of London’s voluntary general hospitals (St Thomas’, Guy’s, Middlesex and London) to examine the fracture causes and experiences of the working poor. The article reveals that in-patients generally spent sufficient time in the hospital for significant fracture healing to occur. The diagnosis of fracture is considered within the context of Enlightenment medical education, pathological collections and contemporary clinical nosology. Using surgeons’ and physicians’ clinical notebooks, this article illustrates the fracture treatment received in the voluntary general hospitals and the range of risk factors encountered by the working poor.
Bioinformatic Analysis of Potential Biomarkers for Spinal Cord–injured Patients with Intractable Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Wang Yimin , Ye Fang , Huang Chanyan , Xue Faling , Li Yingyuan , Gao Shaowei , Qiu Zeting , Li Si , Chen Qinchang , Zhou Huaqiang , Song Yiyan , Huang Wenqi , Tan Wulin , Wang Zhongxing 
Published: March 2018

Background:
Neuropathic pain is one of the common complications after spinal cord injury (SCI), affecting individuals’ quality of life. The molecular mechanism for neuropathic pain after SCI is still unclear. We aimed to discover potential genes and microRNAs (miRNAs) related to neuropathic pain by the bioinformatics method.

Methods:
Microarray data of GSE69901 were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Peripheral blood samples from individuals with or without neuropathic pain after SCI were collected. Twelve samples from individuals with neuropathic pain and 13 samples from individuals without pain as controls were included in the downloaded microarray. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the neuropathic pain group and the control group were detected using the GEO2R online tool. Functional enrichment analysis of DEGs was performed using the DAVID database. Protein-protein interaction network was constructed from the STRING database. MiRNAs targeting these DEGs were obtained from the miRNet database. A merged miRNA-DEG network was constructed and analyzed with Cytoscape software.

Results:
In total, 1134 DEGs were identified between individuals with or without neuropathic pain (case and control), and 454 biological processes were enriched. We identified 4 targeted miRNAs, including mir-204-5p, mir-519d-3p, mir-20b-5p, mir-6838-5p, which may be potential biomarkers for SCI patients.

Conclusion:
Protein modification and regulation of the biological process of the central nervous system may be a risk factor in SCI. Certain genes and miRNAs may be potential biomarkers for the prediction of and potential targets for the prevention and treatment of neuropathic pain after SCI.
Expression of Pain Behaviors and Perceived Partner Responses in Individuals With Chronic Pain
Authors: Mohammadi Somayyeh , Chambers Christine T. , Rosen Natalie O. 
Published: March 2018

Objective:Expressions of pain by individuals with chronic pain may encourage solicitous and distracting responses from some partners and punishing responses from others. Partners’ responses can impact the well-being of individuals with chronic pain. Yet information about factors that can explain the link between expression of pain behaviors and different partners’ responses is scarce. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of perceived partner burden and relationship quality in the link between expressions of pain behaviors and perceived partner responses (ie, solicitous, distracting, and punishing responses).Materials and Methods:Participants were 158 individuals with chronic pain (ie, experiencing pain on most days for at least 6 months before participating in the study) who completed questionnaires about pain behaviors, as well as perceptions of partner burden, relationship quality, and partners’ solicitous, distracting, and punishing responses. The link between expressing pain and each type of partner response was investigated by serial mediation analysis. Partner burden and relationship quality were entered into all analyses as the first and the second mediator, respectively.Results:Expressing more pain was related to higher levels of perceived partner burden, which in turn, was associated with poorer relationship quality. Poorer relationship quality was associated with reporting fewer solicitous and distracting partner responses and more punishing responses.Discussion:Enhanced partner burden and reduced relationship quality may be one pathway through which pain behaviors relate to partner responses.
Stiffness Matters
Authors: Peterson Joshua M. , Chlebek Carolyn , Clough Ashley M. , Wells Alexandra K. , Ledet Eric H. 
Published: March 2018

Study Design.

In vitro biomechanical testing of human cadaveric cervical and goat cervical motion segments.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to measure the effects of plate stiffness on load-sharing, instantaneous axis of rotation (IAR), and posterior element loading after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF).

Summary of Background Data.
ACDF is intended to create an environment, which facilitates sufficient stability and biomechanical conditions to promote bone formation. The relationship between cervical plate stiffness, load-sharing, and the IAR is complex. The ideal cervical plate is sufficiently stiff to limit interbody motion but is compliant enough to facilitate load-sharing rather than stress-shielding.

Methods.
Anterior cervical plates of distinct bending stiffnesses were applied to human and goat cervical motion segments following ACDF. A validated custom force-sensing interbody implant was placed in the disc space to measure load-sharing in the spine. Interbody loads, posterior element strain, and the IAR were measured during flexion/extension for each plate.

Results.
Load-sharing in the interbody space, posterior element strain, and the location of the IAR were all significantly affected by plate stiffness. More compliant plates resulted in more load sharing, less posterior element strain, and a more dorsally located IAR relative to stiffer plates.

Conclusion.
A more compliant plate fosters more consistent load-sharing through the entire range of flexion/extension, which may promote faster bone formation and better fusion. A more compliant plate causes less posterior element strain, which may reduce facet joint loads and in turn reduce facet joint arthrosis. An ideal plate may be one that is stiff enough to minimize interbody motion and yet compliant enough to allow consistent load-sharing and minimal increase in posterior element strain.

Level of Evidence: N/A
Recent advances in the management of metastatic prostate cancer: optimizing use of existing therapies, while searching for novel interventions
Authors: Gourdin Theodore 
Published: March 2018

Purpose of review
Summarizes recent advances in the treatment of metastatic castration-sensitive and castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Recent findings
New randomized data suggest a survival advantage to early abiraterone in castration-sensitive metastatic prostate cancer. Prospective and retrospective studies are examining sequencing of existing cytotoxic and androgen-receptor-targeted therapies in both castration-sensitive and castration-resistant disease. Genomic analysis of both circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor nucleic acids is being examined as a potential method for selecting existing therapies and identifying novel therapeutic targets. Finally, immunotherapy combinations are being evaluated in the setting of advanced prostate cancer.

Summary
In this review, we hope to summarize the recent data supporting the use of early abiraterone in castration-sensitive metastatic prostate cancer and discuss how this data might be incorporated with previous trials showing a survival advantage to early docetaxel. We present recent series examining sequencing of approved therapies as well as trials evaluating novel biomarkers and genomic analyses designed to help choose from among approved therapies or evaluate drugs in development. Lastly, we review ongoing trials examining novel immunotherapy combinations in advanced prostate cancer.
CONBERCEPT IN PATIENTS WITH TREATMENT-NAIVE NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION IN REAL-LIFE SETTING IN CHINA
Authors: Li Xun , Luo Hongmei , Zuo Cheng , Zhang Zirong , Zhang Junjun , Zhang Meixia 
Published: March 2018

Purpose:
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravitreal conbercept in patients with treatment-naive neovascular age-related macular degeneration in real-life setting.

Methods:
Three consecutive intravitreal injections of conbercept following a pro re nata protocol. The main outcomes were the changes of Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study best-corrected visual acuity and central retinal thickness between the baseline and the 12th month.

Results:
Mean best-corrected visual acuity was improved from 39.39 ± 24.91 letters at the baseline to 44.26 ± 22.89 letters at the final follow-up (P < 0.001). At the 12th month, the proportion of optimal response was 43.48% compared with 36.96% of poor response and 19.56% of nonresponse. A mean central retinal thickness of 480.94 ± 178.47 μm at the baseline was significantly reduced to 366.33 ± 173.52 μm at the 12th month. Patients received a median of 5.32 intravitreal injections. At the 12th month, the mean change in best-corrected visual acuity of eyes with intraretinal cystoid fluid from the baseline was markedly lower than that of eyes without intraretinal cystoid fluid. No adverse events were attributed to conbercept.

Conclusion:
With 12-month follow-up, conbercept was proved to be an effective and safety treatment for patients with treatment-naive neovascular age-related macular degeneration in real-life setting.
Chemokine CCL2 and its receptor CCR2 in the dorsal root ganglion contribute to oxaliplatin-induced mechanical hypersensitivity
Authors: Illias Amina M. , Gist Andrea C. , Zhang Haijun , Kosturakis Alyssa K. , Dougherty Patrick M. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Activation of innate immune mechanisms within the dorsal root ganglion and spinal dorsal horn has been shown to play a key role in the development of neuropathic pain including paclitaxel-related chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Here, we tested whether similar mechanisms are generalizable to oxaliplatin-induced CIPN. After a single intraperitoneal injection of 3 mg/kg oxaliplatin, mechanical withdrawal threshold and the expression of C-C chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and its receptor, CCR2, in the dorsal root ganglion were measured by behavioral testing and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. Mechanical responsiveness increased from the first day after oxaliplatin injection and persisted until day 15, the last day of this experiment. Immunohistochemical showed that the expression of CCL2/CCR2 started to increase by 4 hours after oxaliplatin treatment, was significantly increased at day 4, and then both signals became normalized by day 15. Cotreatment with intrathecal anti-CCL2 antibodies prevented the development of oxaliplatin-induced mechanical hyperresponsiveness, and transiently reversed established hyperalgesia when given 1 week after chemotherapy. This is the first study to demonstrate CCL2/CCR2 signaling in a model of oxaliplatin-related CIPN; and it further shows that blocking of this signal can attenuate the development of oxaliplatin-induced mechanical hyperalgesia. Activation of innate immune mechanisms may therefore be a generalized basis for CIPN irrespective of the specific class of agent.