bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
History of Chemical Routes towards Cyclic Non-Enzymatic Oxygenated Metabolites of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
Authors: Oger Camille , Cuyamendous Claire , de la Torre Aurélien , Candy Mathieu , Guy Alexandre , Bultel-Poncé Valérie , Durand Thierry , Galano Jean-Marie 
Published: August 2018

Enzymatically formed oxygenated metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are of great interest for the scientific community being mediators and biomarkers in the physiological and pathological regulation of many key biological processes. More recently; metabolites of PUFA formed through a non-enzymatic free radical pathway have gained interest in diseases linked with oxidative stress. Thus, synthetic strategies leading to the total synthesis of such metabolites are an essential field of research, and this review will cover a structural presentation, will discuss their biological interests, and present total syntheses reported between 2008 and 2017.1	Introduction2	Non-Enzymatic Metabolites of PUFAs2.1	Where Do They Come From?2.2	Why Are They Interesting Metabolites?2.3	A Huge Family of Natural Compounds2.3.1	Presentation of All Families2.3.1.1	Isoprostanoids2.3.1.2 Isofuranoids2.3.1.3 Isoketals2.3.2	Nomenclature of These Metabolites2.3.2.1 Isoprostanoids2.3.2.2 Isofuranoids2.3.2.3 Isoketals3	Total Synthesis Strategies3.1	Isoprostanoids3.2	Isofuranoids3.3	Isoketals4	The Discoveries Behind the Synthesis4.1	Recent Identification and Biomarkers Roles of Isoprostanes and
Isofuranes4.2	Biological Properties4.2.1	Phytoprostanes, Isoprostanes, and Neuroprostanes4.2.2	Epoxy-isoprostanes5	Conclusion
Long-Term Results after Diversion Surgery in Extrahepatic Portal Vein Obstruction
Authors: Alvarez Ana , Dore Mariela , Jimenez Gomez Javier , Sánchez Galán Alba , Vilanova-Sánchez Alejandra , Andres Ane , Encinas Jose , Martinez Leopoldo , Hernandez Francisco , Lopez Santamaria Manuel , Triana Junco Paloma 
Published: August 2018

Aim Extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPVO) is a frequent cause of noncirrhotic portal hypertension in children. The aim of this study is to analyze long-term results after diversion surgery.
Patients and Methods Retrospective review of EHPVO patients who underwent diversion surgery analyzing number of platelets, leukocytes, prothrombin activity, splenomegaly, and gastrointestinal bleeding 10 years after surgery.
Results Thirty-three patients were evaluated, mostly males (64%) and presenting with gastrointestinal bleeding (46%). Mesoportal shunt (Rex) was performed in 19 patients, mesocaval in 7, distal splenorenal in 7, and proximal splenorenal in 3. While comparing mesoportal shunt to the other portosystemic shunts, an increase in platelets was found with every technique, but it was clearly higher in mesoportal shunt. The highest increase was 6 months after surgery (p = 0.0015) as well as prothrombin activity (p = 0.0003). Leukocytes level also increased without statistical significance. Spleen size (cm) and spleen size Z score (SSAZ) decreased significantly 6 months after mesoportal shunt (p = 0.0168). Before surgery, over 94% patients suffered gastrointestinal bleeding, which reduced significantly afterward with bleeding episodes in only four (12%) of them.
Conclusion Diversion surgery in EHPVO, especially mesoportal shunt of Rex, improves hepatic function (prothrombin activity), reduces hypersplenism (platelets, leukocytes, and spleen size), and decreases gastrointestinal bleeding episodes.
Regulatory element in fibrin triggers tension-activated transition from catch to slip bonds
Authors: Litvinov Rustem I. , Kononova Olga , Zhmurov Artem , Marx Kenneth A. , Barsegov Valeri , Thirumalai D. , Weisel John W. 
Published: August 2018

Significance
The fibrin network is the scaffold of blood clots that prevent bleeding. Fibrin formation is driven by noncovalent “knob-hole” bonds that determine the mechanical properties of clots. Counterintuitively, the strength of knob-hole bonds first increased (catch bond) and then decreased (slip bond) with tensile force, thereby displaying a rare dual catch–slip behavior. We resolved the structural mechanism of tension-activated strengthening of the knob-hole bond. Our theory quantitatively accounts for the biphasic catch–slip force response, which comprises an important aspect of fibrin structural bionanomechanics. The shear-enhanced strengthening of noncovalent knob-hole bonds might favor fibrin polymerization under blood flow and might prevent breakup of nascent blood clots in the circulation.
Phospholipid retention in the absence of asymmetry strengthens the outer membrane permeability barrier to last-resort antibiotics
Authors: Powers Matthew J. , Trent M. Stephen 
Published: August 2018

Significance
The outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria prevents the entry of many antibiotics and limits treatment options for Gram-negative infections. This unique membrane is effective due to its asymmetric lipid composition, with the glycolipid lipid A [LPS or lipooligosaccharide (LOS)] in the outer leaflet at the cell surface and glycerophospholipids in the inner leaflet. Furthering our understanding of how outer membrane asymmetry is maintained is critical for the development of novel therapeutics to target multidrug-resistant bacteria. Here, we used a Gram-negative bacterium without LOS to probe for factors that impact cell-envelope maintenance in the absence of LOS. Our approach enabled us to explore fundamental mechanisms of cell-envelope biology and expand our holistic view of the asymmetrical, Gram-negative outer membrane.
MIPUP: minimum perfect unmixed phylogenies for multi-sampled tumors via branchings and ILP
Authors: Husić Edin , Li Xinyue , Hujdurović Ademir , Mehine Miika , Rizzi Romeo , Mäkinen Veli , Milanič Martin , Tomescu Alexandru I 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Discovering the evolution of a tumor may help identify driver mutations and provide a more comprehensive view on the history of the tumor. Recent studies have tackled this problem using multiple samples sequenced from a tumor, and due to clinical implications, this has attracted great interest. However, such samples usually mix several distinct tumor subclones, which confounds the discovery of the tumor phylogeny.

Results
We study a natural problem formulation requiring to decompose the tumor samples into several subclones with the objective of forming a minimum perfect phylogeny. We propose an Integer Linear Programming formulation for it, and implement it into a method called MIPUP. We tested the ability of MIPUP and of four popular tools LICHeE, AncesTree, CITUP, Treeomics to reconstruct the tumor phylogeny. On simulated data, MIPUP shows up to a 34% improvement under the ancestor-descendant relations metric. On four real datasets, MIPUP’s reconstructions proved to be generally more faithful than those of LICHeE.

Availability and implementation
MIPUP is available at https://github.com/zhero9/MIPUP as open source.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Robotic-Assisted Spine Surgery Using the Mazor XTM System: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Tan Lee A , Lehman Ronald A 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We demonstrate the setup and workflow of performing robotic spine surgery using the Mazor XTM system (MAZOR Robotics Inc, Orlando, Florida) in this video. An illustrative case was presented, including detailed steps for S2AI screw and lumbar pedicle screw placement using robotic assistance. A step-by-step narration is provided along with discussion of surgical nuances. Robotic spine surgery can be a safe and efficient method for screw placement, which can potentially reduce the risk of screw malposition. Spine surgeons should be familiar with this technology and keep this technique in their armamentarium.
There is no identifying information in this video. A patient consent was obtained for publishing of the material included in the video.
Relationship Between Opioid Analgesic Prescription and Unemployment in Patients Seeking Acupuncture for Chronic Pain in Urban Primary Care
Authors: Chuang Elizabeth , Gil Eric N , Gao Qi , Kligler Benjamin , McKee M Diane 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Objective
The widespread use of opioid analgesics to treat chronic nonmalignant pain has contributed to the ongoing epidemic of opioid-related morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have also demonstrated a relationship between opioid analgesic use and unemployment due to disability. These studies have been limited to mainly white European and North American populations. The objective of this study is to explore the relationship between opioid analgesic use for chronic nonmalignant pain in an urban, mainly black and Hispanic, low-income population.

Design
This is a cross-sectional observational study.

Setting
Subjects were recruited from six urban primary care health centers.

Subjects
Adults with chronic neck, back, or osteoarthritis pain participating in an acupuncture trial were included.

Methods
Survey data were collected as a part of the Acupuncture Approaches to Decrease Disparities in Pain Treatment two-arm (AADDOPT-2) comparative effectiveness trial. Participants completed a baseline survey including employment status, opioid analgesic use, the Brief Pain Inventory, the global Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information Systems quality of life measure, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and demographic information. A multivariable logistic regression model was built to examine the association between opioid analgesic use and unemployment.

Results
Opioid analgesic use was associated with three times the odds of unemployment due to disability while controlling for potential confounders, including depression, pain severity, pain interference, global physical and mental functioning, and demographic characteristics.

Conclusions
This study adds to the growing body of evidence that opioid analgesics should be used with caution in chronic nonmalignant pain.
rClone Red facilitates bacterial gene expression research by undergraduates in the teaching laboratory
Authors: Campbell A Malcolm , Eckdahl Todd T 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
rClone Red is a low-cost and student-friendly research tool that has been used successfully in undergraduate teaching laboratories. It enables students to perform original research within the financial and time constraints of a typical undergraduate environment. Students can strengthen their understanding of the initiation of bacterial translation by cloning ribosomal binding sites of their own design and using a red fluorescent protein reporter to measure translation efficiency. Online microbial genome sequences and the mFold website enable students to explore homologous rRNA gene sequences and RNA folding, respectively. In this report, we described how students in a genetics course who were given the opportunity to use rClone Red demonstrated significant learning gains on 16 of 20 concepts, and made original discoveries about the function of ribosome binding sites. By combining the highly successful cloning method of golden gate assembly with the dual reporter proteins of green fluorescent protein and red fluorescent protein, rClone Red enables novice undergraduates to make new discoveries about the mechanisms of translational initiation, while learning the core concepts of genetic information flow in bacteria.
An Integrative Review of Clinical Reasoning Teaching Strategies and Outcome Evaluation in Nursing Education
Authors: Brown Tyo Mirinda , McCurry Mary K. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
This study explored teaching strategies used to promote clinical reasoning in nursing education and identify outcomes used to evaluate effectiveness.

METHOD
The integrative review framework by Whittemore and Knafl (2005) was used in this study.

RESULTS
Strategies included simulation (n = 10); active learning strategies such as case studies, reflection, journaling, and collaborative learning (n = 13); teaching strategies such as think aloud or case studies with simulation (n = 12); and experiential or clinical experiences (n = 2). Although most studies used exams, worksheets (n = 19), or observations by clinical instructors (n = 2) to measure effectiveness, some studies (n = 8) also used surveys to measure student satisfaction, engagement, or perception; three studies measured the student’s ability to use the instrument.

CONCLUSION
Improving clinical thinking requires development of innovative, effective teaching strategies. Instruments that can accurately evaluate teaching and learning strategies are needed to advance this educational initiative and improve quality of care.
Individualized Compared With Standard Postdischarge Oxycodone Prescribing After Cesarean Birth
Authors: Osmundson Sarah S. , Raymond Britany L. , Kook Bradley T. , Lam LeAnn , Thompson Elizabeth B. , Schornack Leslie A. , Voorhees Catherine E. , Richardson Michael G. 
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate whether individualized postdischarge oxycodone prescribing guided by inpatient opioid use reduces the number of unused opioid tablets after cesarean birth.

METHODS:
We conducted a randomized, controlled trial of women aged 18 years or older undergoing cesarean birth. Participants were randomized at discharge in a 1:1 ratio to a standard (30 tablets of 5 mg oxycodone) or an individualized oxycodone prescription (predicted based on each patient's inpatient opioid use). All women were contacted starting 14 days after cesarean birth to assess number of oxycodone tablets used and adequacy of pain control. The Tennessee Controlled Substance Monitoring Database was accessed to confirm dispensed opioids. The primary outcome was number of unused oxycodone tablets prescribed for pain control after cesarean birth. A total sample size of 160 women was necessary to detect a 30% difference in leftover tablets between groups with 80% power and α of 0.05.

RESULTS:
Between June 14, 2017, and August 26, 2017, we screened 323 women and randomized 172. Baseline characteristics and inpatient opioid use were similar between groups. Women in the individualized group were prescribed fewer tablets (14 [interquartile range 12–16] vs 30 [interquartile range 30–30], P<.001) and had 50% fewer unused tablets than women in the standard group (5 [interquartile range 1–8] vs 10 [interquartile range 0–22], P<.001). Overall, 13% (23/172) used no opioids after discharge and 26% (44/172) used all prescribed opioids. There were no differences between the standard and individualized groups in the proportion of women who used no opioids or all opioids and no difference in the proportion of dispensed opioids used (60% [interquartile range 23–100] vs 61% [29–89], P=.93). Women in the individualized group used only half the number of prescribed opioids as women in the standard group (8 [interquartile range 4–14] vs 15 [interquartile range 6–30], P<.001). Patient-reported pain outcomes did not differ significantly by group.

CONCLUSION:
Individualized opioid prescribing based on inpatient use reduces the number of unused oxycodone tablets compared with standard prescribing.

CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION:

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03168425.
Rattlesnake Envenomation in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy
Authors: Ghosh Niloy , Henderson Jonathan A. , Kim Hyunyoung G. , Ancar Farren M. 
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND:
Snakebites in pregnancy can be life-threatening to both the mother and fetus as a result of inflammatory and toxic properties of the venom. Prompt medical treatment is critical to prevent adverse consequences.

CASE:
A 26-year-old woman at 37 6/7 weeks of gestation was bitten by a rattlesnake on the right middle finger, resulting in severe pain radiating up to the upper arm and swelling involving the entire hand. A total of 18 vials of crotalidae polyvalent immune fab was administered over 11 hours. Three days after the incident, the patient delivered a healthy neonate vaginally and without complications. Both mother and newborn were well at 1-month follow-up.

CONCLUSION:
Our case supports managing snakebites in pregnancy similar to managing cases in nonpregnant individuals, including using crotalidae polyvalent immune fab antivenom.
Balloon Uterine Tamponade Device After Peripartum Hysterectomy for Morbidly Adherent Placenta
Authors: Waks Ashten , Tabsh Kareem , Tabsh Khalil , Afshar Yalda 
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND:
Perioperative hemorrhage is a common complication of peripartum hysterectomy for morbidly adherent placenta. We present an application of a balloon uterine tamponade device in the setting of a cesarean delivery and subsequent supracervical hysterectomy for abnormal placentation.

CASE:
A 33-year-old gravid woman, 6 para 3022, at 33 2/7 weeks of gestation was admitted in preterm labor, with placenta previa and suspected morbidly adherent placenta, for a planned cesarean delivery and hysterectomy. After supracervical hysterectomy, colloid resuscitation and packing failed to provide hemostasis. A transcervical balloon uterine tamponade device subsequently was placed intraperitoneally and left on tension owing to the need for further tamponade.

CONCLUSION:
Use of a balloon uterine tamponade device intraperitoneally posthysterectomy was associated with hemorrhage control. This application may facilitate timely management and streamlining of obstetric resources for postpartum hemorrhage.
Adjuvant Use of Rifampin for Refractory Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy
Authors: Liu James , Murray Amanda M. , Mankus Erin B. , Ireland Kayla E. , Acosta Ometeotl M. , Ramsey Patrick S. 
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND:
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy is an incompletely understood disease that poses significant fetal risks, including stillbirth. Treatment of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy is aimed at relieving maternal symptoms and improving fetal outcomes.

CASE:
A 21-year-old gravid woman, 3 para 0111, presented at 27 2/7 weeks of gestation with severe intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Her clinical course was refractory to first-line therapy with ursodiol, and she was started on rifampin with rapid improvement of symptoms and transaminitis. Despite maternal improvement, she was delivered at 31 weeks of gestation for persistent nonreassuring fetal status.

CONCLUSION:
Rifampin may be an effective adjunctive therapy for intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy refractory to ursodiol alone. Additional research is needed to assess short-term and long-term maternal and newborn outcomes, because fetal deterioration still occurred in spite of maternal improvement.
The First National Summit on Women's Health
Authors: Brown Haywood L. , Carson Sandra A. , Lawrence Hal C. 
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVE:
To identify the current challenges in obstetrics and gynecology residency education and propose solutions to overcome these obstacles.

METHODS:
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) hosted the first National Summit on Women's Health on May 31 and June 1, 2017, with a follow-up meeting December 20–21, 2017, at ACOG headquarters in Washington, DC. Invitees from 20 related societies briefly presented their organizations' perspectives and discussed focused questions about specific challenges, proposed solutions, and anticipated obstacles. Finally, participants summarized their top two recommendations to improve current residency training.

RESULTS:
Summit participants identified four primary areas of focus: 1) align curriculum with relevant topics to practice, 2) ensure faculty have the necessary resources and time to teach effectively, 3) consider using the final months of medical school to get a jump start on residency fund of knowledge and skills, and 4) use better assessments during the course of residency.

CONCLUSION:
Representatives of the Council on Resident Education in Obstetrics and Gynecology, the American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education must work together to address these priorities and reach consensus on the curricular content of core training in obstetrics and gynecology.
Cervical Pessary After Arrested Preterm Labor
Authors: Hermans Frederik J. R. , Schuit Ewoud , Bekker Mireille N. , Woiski Mallory , de Boer Marjon A. , Sueters Marieke , Scheepers Hubertina C. J. , Franssen Maureen T. M. , Pajkrt Eva , Mol Ben Willem J. , Kok Marjolein 
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVE:
To assess the effectiveness of cervical pessary in reducing the rate of preterm birth in women at high risk for preterm birth who did not deliver after an episode of threatened preterm labor.

METHODS:
In a multicenter open-label randomized controlled trial, a cervical pessary was compared with no intervention (control group) (one-to-one ratio). Women between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation at high risk for preterm birth based on a short cervical length (less than 15 mm) or an intermediate cervical length (between 15 and 30 mm) with a positive fetal fibronectin test who did not deliver after an episode of threatened preterm labor were eligible. The primary outcome was birth before 37 weeks of gestation. Secondary outcomes were a composite adverse neonatal outcome, preterm birth before 34 and 32 weeks of gestation, and side effects. A total sample size of 200 women carrying singletons was planned so as to have adequate statistical power to detect a reduction in the rate of preterm birth from 40% to 20%. Women with twin gestations were also enrolled but were considered only in secondary analyses. After a planned interim analysis, the trial was stopped for futility.

RESULTS:
From November 2013 through September 2016, 130 women with a singleton pregnancy (65 pessary, 65 no treatment) were recruited. The groups had comparable baseline characteristics. In the cervical pessary group, 31 (48%) women delivered before 37 weeks of gestation compared with 25 (39%) in the no-treatment group (relative risk 1.2, 95% CI 0.83–1.8). Nine (15%) children in the cervical pessary group had the composite adverse perinatal outcome compared with eight (13%) in the control group (relative risk 1.2, 95% CI 0.49–2.9).

CONCLUSION:
In women at high risk for preterm birth who did not deliver after an episode of threatened preterm labor, treatment with a cervical pessary is not effective.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:
Netherlands Trial Register, NTR4210.
Effect of Deformity and Malunion of the Anterior Pelvic Ring
Authors: Archdeacon Michael T. , Collinge Cory A. , Schumaier Adam P. , Glogovac Georgina 
Published: August 2018

Summary:
Pelvic fractures are common after high-energy trauma and are often associated with ligamentous injury. Treatment is guided by assessing stability of the pelvic ring, and unstable injuries frequently require surgery to achieve a desirable outcome. Assessment of pelvic ring stability is often possible with physical examination and standard imaging studies (plain radiographs and computed tomography); however, these “static” imaging modalities may not adequately identify dynamically unstable pelvic injuries that require surgery. Cadaveric and clinical data suggest that the injured pelvis may recoil significantly from the point of maximal displacement, and some unstable injuries may not be recognized until patients present with clinical symptoms. This article presents the case of a patient who sustained a minimally displaced pelvic ring injury that was stable on bedside examination and static imaging, but ultimately was unstable. She developed a substantial pelvic malunion with significant pain and activity limitations. The patient subsequently underwent successful pelvic ring reconstruction, and she remains asymptomatic at 2 years.