bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alteration of Immune Function and Gut Microbiome Composition in Carassius auratus Challenged With Rahnella aquatilis
Authors: Huo Jiaxin , Li Xiaowei , Zhang Kaiyang , Fu Hao , Hu Xiucai , Lv Aijun 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTRahnella aquatilis as an emerging pathogen can cause bacterial enteritis in cyprinid fish such as crucian carp Carassius auratus. Currently, the characterisation of immune function and gut microbiome composition in C. auratus orally challenged by R. aquatilis were yet unknown. In this study, we therefore investigated the changes of histopathology, white blood cells (i.e., LEU, NEU and LYM), serum biochemical indicators (e.g., CRE, CK and CHO) and digestive enzyme activity (e.g., LYS, AST, ALT, GSH‐Px and AKP), as well as complements and immune‐related genes (e.g., C3, F2, LysC, TLR3, MyD88, TGF‐β, TNF‐α and IL‐15) that were significantly altered after the oral administration of R. aquatilis KCL‐5. Moreover, the gut microbiome composition and diversity were analysed by using 16S rRNA gene high‐throughput sequencing analysis. The correlation analysis showed that the high abundance of phylum Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Fusobacteria was related to the pathogenesis of enteritis caused by oral infection. KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that fatty acid, carbon and pyruvate metabolism were significantly increased pathways (p < 0.05). To our best knowledge, this is a rare report of physicochemical properties and gut microbiome in C. auratus by R. aquatilis infection, which will provide a scientific reference for the clinical diagnosis and prevention of bacterial enteritis in cyprinid fish.
Advances in Multi‐Scale Biomechanics of Fruits and Vegetables: A Review
Authors: Zhou Lianghuan , Kang Ningbo , Qu Qianjin , Zhang Hongbo , Zhang Jun , Hu Kaikai 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTFruits and vegetable (F&V) account for a large proportion of the market output, and reducing mechanical damage can improve economic benefits. During harvesting and storage of F&V, visible mechanical damage and unseen bruises can result from external loads. However, there are relatively few studies on the micro‐damage of F&V, and the micro‐damage changes are reflected in the macro. Therefore, it is necessary to establish macroscopic, mesoscopic, and microscopic mechanical structure models. In this paper, the factors influencing the mechanics of F&V are analyzed, macroscopic, mesoscopic, and microscopic mechanical analysis methods of F&V are reviewed, multi‐scale mechanical relationships are explored, and future research directions of multi‐scale biomechanics of F&V are prospected. The results show that future research direction should mainly focus on the force analysis of microscopic single cell, as it is the basis of mechanical analysis of F&V.
Temporary Aid for Needy Families as family policy for first time mothers
Authors: Rothwell David W. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis brief report takes a life course approach to describe how first‐time mothers with low incomes participate in Temporary Aid for Needy Families (TANF) before and after birth.BackgroundBy providing cash assistance to low‐income mothers with children, TANF functions as a major family policy.MethodPopulation data from a cohort of all births in Oregon across 2016–2017 are linked to TANF participation and employment histories. Centering on the birth event, the study window spanned 24 months before and after the first birth. Multivariate models are used to predict TANF participation around birth. A combination of sequence and cluster analyses illuminate within‐group patterns.ResultsAround one‐quarter of low‐income mothers relied on TANF at any time in the two‐year study window with about 70% of those participating in TANF during the 6 months after birth. The most common trajectory pattern (41%) was one of TANF enrollment around birth with high likelihood of exit by 6 months following birth, suggesting TANF may function as a short‐term substitute for paid work, that is, paid leave. Other trajectories were characterized by timing of enrollment (prenatal or postnatal) and duration of participation. Clusters with longer participation were comprised of mothers who were young, single, and with less labor market attachment.ConclusionsThe majority of low‐income single mothers who rely on TANF around birth participate in short spells and exit the program within 1 year. As more states implement paid family leave policies, low‐income mothers who previously enrolled in TANF may opt for paid leave.
First Worldwide Report of Macrophomina euphorbiicola Causing Root Rot on Citrullus lanatus in Brazil
Authors: Alves Cynthia Patrícia de Sousa Santos , Negreiros Andréia Mitsa Paiva , Evangelista Jaiane da Silva Barbosa , da Silva Wilson Pereira , Correia Kamila Câmara , Sales Júnior Rui 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWatermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is a key export crop for Brazil with substantial economic value. In November 2019, watermelon plants displaying symptoms of root rot and vine decline were observed in commercial fields in Rio Grande do Norte. Root fragments from symptomatic plants were disinfected, cultured on potato dextrose agar and identified as Macrophomina spp. DNA analysis confirmed the species as M. euphorbiicola. Pathogenicity tests showed severe symptoms in inoculated plants. This is the first worldwide report of M. euphorbiicola causing root rot in watermelon, highlighting the disease's significance.
Exploring Infant Size and Body Composition at 18 Months: An Ambidirectional Peri‐Urban South African Cohort Study
Authors: Mulol H. , Nel S. , Wenhold F. A. M. , Feucht U. D. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe first 1000 days of life lay the foundations for subsequent growth. This ambidirectional study, including prenatal, perinatal and postnatal factors, aimed to identify exposure variables affecting body size and composition and corresponding Z‐score outcomes at age 18 months in infants born to women at low risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in a peri‐urban area of South Africa. Prenatal factors (maternal age, HIV status, anthropometry, parity, food insecurity and umbilical artery resistance index Z‐score (UmA‐RIAZ) as a measure of placental function, with higher UmA‐RIAZ indicating poorer placental function); perinatal factors (infant sex, gestational age and birth anthropometry) and postnatal factors (infant feeding) were included as exposure variables, with infant anthropometry and body composition at 18 months as outcomes. Simple linear regression analysis was used to investigate associations between exposure variables and infant outcomes, and variables with p < 0.10 were included in the subsequent multiple regression analyses. Multiple regression analysis showed that higher UmA‐RIAZ predicted lower birthweight [−0.11 kg (95% CI: −0.17, −0.04 kg)], birthweight‐for‐age Z‐score [−0.24 (95% CI: −0.39, −0.09)] and 18‐month infant length [−0.9 cm (95% CI: −1.4, −0.4 cm)] and length‐for‐age Z‐score [−0.28 (95% CI: −0.45, −0.11)]. Maternal HIV infection predicted reduced 18‐month infant length‐for‐age Z‐score [−0.46 (95% CI: −0.83, −0.09)]. Household food insecurity predicted reduced fat‐free mass‐for‐age Z‐score at 18 months [−0.27 (95% CI: −0.51, −0.03)]. Infant anthropometry and body composition outcomes, therefore, are greatly affected by pre‐ and postnatal nutrition‐related factors, such as placental insufficiency in utero and household food insecurity, with long‐term consequences including stunting, which impact the individual, future generations and society.
Interplay of elasticity and flow velocity on gorgonian feeding and implications for bioinspired design
Authors: Santiago Matea , Miller Laura A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEvidence shows that gorgonians are more resistant to ocean acidification and rising temperatures than hard corals and are vital to reef health and the reestablishment of disrupted coral reef communities. Gorgonian coral's resilience and its diversity of morphology and environment make it well‐suited as a model organism for bioinspired design applied to particle capture. We focus on flow near the polyps, using an updated form of the immersed boundary method to model the fluid–structure interaction of the flexible polyps and the surrounding ocean water. The inlet velocity and the polyp elasticity are simultaneously varied to gain insight into (1) how these parameters affect the emergent reconfiguration of their tentacles and (2) how the interaction of the reconfiguration and inlet velocity impacts passive particle capture. Two main behaviors are observed: a recirculation regime, in which particles recirculate in a region near the oral disk, and a unidirectional regime, in which the particles move unidirectionally through the tentacles without recirculation. Our results show that different regimes support different feeding strategies. We apply these results as bioinspired filtration, discussing how an elastic material could benefit specific engineering applications.
Efficacy and safety of the glucagon receptor antagonist volagidemab in type‐1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Dutta Deep , Kamrul‐Hasan A. B. M. , Surana Vineet , Singla Rajiv , Khandelwal Deepak , Aggarwal Sameer , Nagendra Lakshmi , Bhattacharya Saptarshi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe glucagon receptor antagonist (GRA) volagidemab is the first‐in‐class fully human monoclonal antibody that inhibits glucagon receptor. GRA can improve glycemia by reducing endogenous glucose production and reduce risks of diabetic ketoacidosis by suppressing ketogenesis. This systematic review and meta‐analysis analyzed the efficacy and safety of volagidemab in type‐1 diabetes (T1D). Electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving T1D patients receiving volagidemab. The primary outcome was to evaluate changes in total daily dose (TDD) of insulin. The secondary outcomes were to evaluate changes in measures of glycemia, hypoglycemia, and adverse events. Data from 3 RCTs (98 patients) were analyzed. Volagidemab (70 mg/week) was associated with a significant reduction in TDD of insulin requirement (mean difference [MD]: −8.45 units/day (95% confidence interval [CI]: [−12.09, −4.81]); I2 = 83%; p < 0.01) and average blood glucose (MD: −21.42 mg/dL (95% CI: [−37.10, −5.74]); I2 = 88%; p < 0.01), compared to placebo. Volagidemab use was associated with a significant increase in time in range (blood glucose: 70–180 mg/dL) (MD: 10.93% (95% CI: [6.69, 15.17]); I2 = 55%; p < 0.01) and significant reduction in time above range (blood glucose >180 mg/dL) (MD: −11.93% (95% CI: [−14.71, −9.15]); I2 = 6%; p < 0.01) without any impact on time below range (blood glucose <70 mg/dL) (MD: 0.14% (95% CI: [−0.56, 0.84]); I2 = 0%; p = 0.70), compared to placebo. Occurrence of treatment‐emergent adverse events (odds ratio [OR]: 0.96 (95% CI: [0.36, 2.56]); I2 = 8%; p = 0.94) and hypoglycemia (OR: 0.56 (95% CI: [0.11, 2.89]); I2 = 0%; p = 0.49) were similar among volagidemab users as compared to placebo. Short‐term volagidemab use was associated with significant reduction in insulin requirement along with improvement in glycemia.
Association between pain intensity and body composition in adults with chronic non‐specific low back pain: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Liechti Melanie , Menegon Massimo , Schurz Alexander Philipp , Taeymans Jan , Baur Heiner , Clijsen Ron , Malfliet Anneleen , Lutz Nathanael 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntroductionThis systematic review and meta‐analysis evaluated the association between pain intensity and different body composition measures in adults suffering from chronic non‐specific low back pain (CNLBP).MethodsA systematic literature search across five databases—PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library—was conducted. It identified observational studies published until January 2024. A meta‐analysis was conducted incorporating a random‐effects approach with Fisher's Z transformation. A critical appraisal of the included studies' quality was conducted.ResultsTwenty‐two studies were included. Of those, 20 were meta‐analyzed, revealing positive, very weak correlations between pain intensity and body mass index (r = 0.11; 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.18), waist–hip ratio (r = 0.10; 95% CI: −0.14 to 0.34) and waist circumference (r = 0.09; 95% CI: −0.28 to 0.44). Not pooled study findings (e.g., hip circumference and body fat percentage) were narratively summarized, revealing 13 positive and four negative associations between pain intensity and body composition measures. Studies showed a substantial risk of bias due to unadjusted confounding factors and limited transferability of findings.ConclusionThis systematic review and meta‐analysis provided very low‐quality evidence for a positive, very weak association between pain intensity and body composition measures in adults with overweight and obesity suffering from CNLBP. The included studies had a substantial risk of bias due to their observational and cross‐sectional study designs, which prevents recommendations for clinical practice. Randomized controlled trials are needed to investigate the causal effect of interventions on body composition measures and pain intensity.
Repressor MrERF4 and Activator MrERF34 Synergistically Regulate High Flavonol Accumulation Under UV‐B Irradiation in Morella rubra Leaves
Authors: Li Jiajia , Cao Yunlin , Meng Yuan , Zhang Tong , Qian Jiafei , Liu Yilong , Zhu Changqing , Zhang Bo , Chen Kunsong , Xu Changjie , Li Xian 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTFlavonols are important plant photoprotectants to defence UV‐B irradiation, however, the underlying transcriptional regulatory mechanism of rapid flavonol accumulation in response to UV‐B remains unknown. In this study, content of flavonols was significantly induced from 0.11 to 3.80 mg/g fresh weight by UV‐B irradiation in leaves of Morella rubra seedlings. MrERF34 was identified as an activator that can regulate the expression of MrFLS2, and promoted flavonol biosynthesis with activator MrMYB12 under UV‐B treatment. Transient overexpression of MrERF34 resulted in higher flavonol accumulation, while virus‐induced gene silencing of MrERF34 reduced the content of flavonols in bayberry leaves. We further demonstrated that a repressor MrERF4 inhibited the expression of MrERF34 and MrMYB12 as well as MrFLS2 via ERF‐associated‐amphiphilic repression motif. Exposure to UV‐B reduced the promoter activity and transcription of MrERF4, which weakened the inhibitory effect of MrERF4 on MrERF34, MrMYB12, and MrFLS2, leading to a tremendous accumulation of flavonols. Such inhibitory roles of MrERF4 in regulation of flavonol biosynthesis were further validated by transient overexpression in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana and M. rubra. These findings enrich the synergistical regulatory mechanisms between repressor and activators in flavonol biosynthesis, and provide new insights into photoprotectants biosynthesis to mitigate UV‐B stress in plants.
GISphere Knowledge Graph for Geography Education: Recommending Graduate Geographic Information System/Science Programs
Authors: Gu Zhining , Li Wenwen , Zhou Bing , Wang Yikang , Chen Yanbing , Ye Shan , Wang Kejin , Gu Hongkai , Kang Yuhao 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe growing global interest in Geographic Information System/Science (GIS) programs has led to an increased demand for higher education in this field. However, students often struggle to identify suitable programs and faculty due to the overwhelming options and the lack of personalized guidance. This paper presents GISphere‐KG, an AI‐powered platform based on the GISphere project. It combines knowledge graph (KG) and large language models (LLMs) to enhance the search and recommendation of GIS‐related graduate programs. GISphere‐KG offers four key features: (1) interactive conversation that provides natural language responses to applicants' inquiries; (2) efficient information retrieval through semantic relationships built within the KG; (3) discovery of professors whose research interests align with those of the applicants, offering more choices within specific research fields; and (4) personalized program recommendations tailored to applicants' academic and career developments. Our platform aims to provide a user‐friendly tool that assists prospective students in achieving their career goals and enriching the geography community by attracting more talent and promoting global geography education.
Feature selectivity and invariance in marsupial primary visual cortex
Authors: Jung Young Jun , Almasi Ali , Sun Shi , Yunzab Molis , Baquier Sebastien H. , Renfree Marilyn , Meffin Hamish , Ibbotson Michael R. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA fundamental question in sensory neuroscience revolves around how neurons represent complex visual stimuli. In mammalian primary visual cortex (V1), neurons decode intricate visual features to identify objects, with most being selective for edge orientation, but with half of those also developing invariance to edge position within their receptive fields. Position invariance allows cells to continue to code an edge even when it moves around. Combining feature selectivity and invariance is integral to successful object recognition. Considering the marsupial–eutherian divergence 160 million years ago, we explored whether feature selectivity and invariance was similar in marsupials and eutherians. We recovered the spatial filters and non‐linear processing characteristics of the receptive fields of neurons in wallaby V1 and compared them with previous results from cat cortex. We stimulated the neurons in V1 with white Gaussian noise and analysed responses using the non‐linear input model. Wallabies exhibit the same high percentage of orientation selective neurons as cats. However, in wallabies we observed a notably higher prevalence of neurons with three or more filters compared to cats. We show that having three or more filters substantially increases phase invariance in the V1s of both species, but that wallaby V1 accentuates this feature, suggesting that the species condenses more processing into the earliest cortical stage. These findings suggest that evolution has led to more than one solution to the problem of creating complex visual processing strategies.
imageKey points
Previous studies have shown that the primary visual cortex (V1) in mammals is essential for processing complex visual stimuli, with neurons displaying selectivity for edge orientation and position.
This research explores whether the visual processing mechanisms in marsupials, such as wallabies, are similar to those in eutherian mammals (e.g. cats).
The study found that wallabies have a higher prevalence of neurons with multiple spatial filters in V1, indicating more complex visual processing.
Using a non‐linear input model, we demonstrated that neurons with three or more filters increase phase invariance.
These findings suggest that marsupials and eutherian mammals have evolved similar strategies for visual processing, but marsupials have condensed more capacity to build phase invariance into the first step in the cortical pathway.
Time in Bed Comparisons Between Two Automated Algorithms Applied to activPAL Data and Observations in a Polysomnography Lab
Authors: Plekhanova Tatiana , Maylor Ben , Rowlands Alex V. , Yates Tom , Hall Andrew P. , Davies Melanie J. , Edwardson Charlotte L. 
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study compared estimates of time in bed (TIB) and TIB start and end from two algorithms applied to activPAL data with observations of TIB in a polysomnography (PSG) lab. Methods: Twenty-five healthy volunteers (age: 32.4 ± 7.4 years, body mass index: 25.2 ± 3.7 kg/m2) wore a thigh-worn activPAL accelerometer during one-night laboratory-based PSG assessment. TIB and TIB start and end estimates were generated using automated algorithms within Processing PAL and PAL Technologies (PAL Batch software, version 8) applications. Agreement was determined using pairwise 95% equivalence tests (±10% equivalence zone), mean percentage absolute error, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), and 95% limits of agreement. Results: The results for the algorithms were similar. TIB start and end were within the proposed ±10% equivalence zone of the PSG-lab observations, but TIB was not when using either algorithm. Mean percentage absolute errors for both algorithms were approximately 10%, 3%, and 1% for TIB and TIB start and end, respectively. Reliability between both algorithms and PSG lab was poor for TIB (ICC ≥ .39) and TIB start (ICC ≥ .38) and good for TIB end (ICC ≥ .81). Both algorithms recorded more TIB by about 42 ± 60 min and detected earlier TIB start and later TIB end by about 18 ± 62 and 14 ± 9 min, respectively, compared with PSG. Negative fixed biases (PSG–activPAL) were observed for TIB and TIB end from both algorithms (p < .05). For both algorithms, 95% limits of agreement were ±120 min for TIB and ±125 min for TIB start. Removing two outliers improved the agreement between both algorithms and PSG-lab observations. Conclusions: Processing PAL and PAL Technologies algorithms recorded more TIB by ∼40 min compared with PSG-lab TIB. Researchers should be aware of this discrepancy when using these algorithms and utilize predefined quality control protocols to enhance data quality. Future studies should continue refining these algorithms.
Rotations and Integrability
Authors: Tsiganov Andrey V. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe discuss some families of integrable and superintegrable systems in $$n$$-dimensional Euclidean space which are invariant under $$m\geqslant n-2$$ rotations. The invariant Hamiltonian $$H=\sum p_{i}^{2}+V(q)$$ is integrable with $$n-2$$ integrals of motion $$M_{\alpha}$$ and an additional integral of
motion $$G$$, which are first- and fourth-order polynomials in momenta, respectively.
Symplectic quantization and general constraint structure of a prototypical second-class system
Authors: Gomez Ignacio S. , Pandey Vipul Kumar , Thibes Ronaldo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We discuss a general prototypical constrained Hamiltonian system with a broad application in quantum field theory and similar contexts where dynamics is defined through a functional action obeying a stationarity principle. The prototypical model amounts to a Dirac–Bergmann singular system, whose constraints restrict the actual dynamics to occur within a differential submanifold, as is the case in the major part of field theoretical models with gauge symmetry. We apply the Dirac–Bergmann algorithm in its full generality unraveling a total of 4m second-class constraints and obtain the corresponding Dirac brackets algebra in phase space. We follow with the Faddeev–Jackiw–Barcelos–Wotzasek approach in which the geometric character of the mentioned submanifold is emphasized by means of an internal metric function encoding its symplectic properties. We consider two straightforward examples, applying our general results to constrained motion along a toroidal geometry and to a Lorentz violating toy model in field theory. Since toroidal geometry has been recently used in cosmological models, we suggest how our results could lead to different proposals for the shape of the universe in cosmology.