bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Magnetically Responsive Biomaterial System for Flexibly Regulating the Duration between Pro‐ and Anti‐Inflammatory Cytokine Deliveries
Authors: Tolouei Anita E. , Dülger Nihan , Ghatee Rosa , Kennedy Stephen 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWhile inflammation can be problematic, it is nonetheless necessary for proper tissue regeneration. However, it remains unclear how the magnitude and duration of the inflammatory response impacts regenerative outcome. This is partially due to the difficulty in temporally regulating macrophage phenotype at wound sites. Here, a magnetically responsive biomaterial system potentially capable of temporally regulating macrophage phenotypes through sequential, on‐demand cytokine deliveries is presented. This material system is designed to (i) rapidly recruit proinflammatory macrophages (M1) through initial cytokine deliveries and (ii) subsequently transition macrophages toward anti‐inflammatory phenotypes (M2s) through delayed, magnetically triggered cytokine release. Here, the ability of this system to initially deliver proinflammatory cytokines (i.e., monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 and interferon gamma), recruit, and harbor an expanding macrophage population, and delay deliveries of anti‐inflammatory cytokines (i.e., IL‐4 and IL‐10) until the application of magnetic fields from simple hand‐held magnets is demonstrated. Critically, the timing and rate of these delayed deliveries can be remotely/magnetically controlled. This biomaterial system can provide a powerful tool in (i) understanding the relationship between inflammation and regenerative outcome, (ii) developing optimized cytokine delivery strategies, and (iii) clinically implementing those optimized delivery strategies with the on‐demand versatility needed to alter the course of therapies in real time.
In Situ Self‐Assembling Micellar Depots that Can Actively Trap and Passively Release NO with Long‐Lasting Activity to Reverse Osteoporosis
Authors: Lin Yu‐Jung , Chen Chun‐Chieh , Chi Nai‐Wen , Nguyen Trang , Lu Hung‐Yun , Nguyen Dang , Lai Po‐Liang , Sung Hsing‐Wen 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTreatment with exogenous nitric oxide (NO) donors is regarded as being effective against osteoporosis. However, NO has a short half‐life, limiting its clinical usefulness. To overcome this limitation, an injectable microparticle (MP) system is developed that consists of phase‐change materials capric acid (CA) and octadecane, and encapsulates a NO donor. The therapeutic efficacy of the MPs is evaluated in ovariectomized (OVX) rats with osteoporosis. Upon subcutaneous administration, the MPs undergo a phase transition, leaching out the NO donor and generating NO bubbles that are instantly covered by a layer of tightly packed CA surfactant molecules, forming micellar depots. The in situ self‐assembling micellar depots can actively protect the NO bubbles, prolonging their half‐life, while the entrapped NO may passively diffuse through the micellar depots over time, performing a long‐lasting therapeutic function, reversing the OVX‐induced osteoporosis. It is possible to use the concept of in situ self‐assembling micellar depots developed herein to expand the therapeutic effect of NO in its diverse range of clinical applications.
Anisotropic Broadband Photoresponse of Layered Type‐II Weyl Semimetal MoTe2
Authors: Lai Jiawei , Liu Xin , Ma Junchao , Wang Qinsheng , Zhang Kenan , Ren Xiao , Liu Yinan , Gu Qiangqiang , Zhuo Xiao , Lu Wei , Wu Yang , Li Yuan , Feng Ji , Zhou Shuyun , Chen Jian‐Hao , Sun Dong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPhotodetectors based on Weyl semimetal promise extreme performance in terms of highly sensitive, broadband and self‐powered operation owing to its extraordinary material properties. Layered Type‐II Weyl semimetal that break Lorentz invariance can be further integrated with other two‐dimensional materials to form van der Waals heterostructures and realize multiple functionalities inheriting the advantages of other two‐dimensional materials. Herein, we report the realization of a broadband self‐powered photodetector based on Type‐II Weyl semimetal Td‐MoTe2. The prototype metal–MoTe2–metal photodetector exhibits a responsivity of 0.40 mA W−1 and specific directivity of 1.07 × 108 Jones with 43 μs response time at 532 nm. Broadband responses from 532 nm to 10.6 μm are experimentally tested with a potential detection range extendable to far‐infrared and terahertz. Furthermore, we identify the response of the detector is polarization angle sensitive due to the anisotropic response of MoTe2. The anisotropy is found to be wavelength dependent, and the degree of anisotropy increases as the excitation wavelength gets closer to the Weyl nodes. In addition, with power and temperature dependent photoresponse measurements, the photocurrent generation mechanisms are investigated. Our results suggest this emerging class of materials can be harnessed for broadband angle sensitive, self‐powered photodetection with decent responsivities.
Illusion Thermotics
Authors: Hu Run , Zhou Shuling , Li Ying , Lei Dang‐Yuan , Luo Xiaobing , Qiu Cheng‐Wei 
Published: April 2018

Abstract“Fata Morgana” or “Mirage” phenomena have long been captivated as optical illusions, which actually relies on gradient‐density air or vapor. Man‐made optical illusions have witnessed significant progress by resorting to artificially structured metamaterials. Nevertheless, two long‐standing challenges remain formidable: first, exotic parameters (negative or less than unity) become inevitable; second, the signature of original object is altered to that of a virtual counterpart. It is thus not able to address the holy grail of illusion per se, since a single virtual object still exposes the location. In this study, those problems are successfully addressed in a particular setup—illusion thermotics, which identically mimics the exterior thermal behavior of an equivalent reference and splits the interior original heat source into many virtual signatures. A general paradigm to design thermal illusion metadevices is proposed to manipulate thermal conduction, and empower robust simultaneous functions of moving, shaping, rotating, and splitting heat sources of arbitrary cross sections. The temperature profile inside the thermal metadevice can mislead the awareness of the real location, shape, size, and number of the actual heat sources. The present concept may trigger unprecedented development in other physical fields to realize multiple functionalized illusions in optics, electromagnetics, etc.
Ion Gated Synaptic Transistors Based on 2D van der Waals Crystals with Tunable Diffusive Dynamics
Authors: Zhu Jiadi , Yang Yuchao , Jia Rundong , Liang Zhongxin , Zhu Wen , Rehman Zia Ur , Bao Lin , Zhang Xiaoxian , Cai Yimao , Song Li , Huang Ru 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNeuromorphic computing represents an innovative technology that can perform intelligent and energy‐efficient computation, whereas construction of neuromorphic systems requires biorealistic synaptic elements with rich dynamics that can be tuned based on a robust mechanism. Here, an ionic‐gating‐modulated synaptic transistor based on layered crystals of transitional metal dichalcogenides and phosphorus trichalcogenides is demonstrated, which produce a diversity of short‐term and long‐term plasticity including excitatory postsynaptic current, paired pulse facilitation, spiking‐rate‐dependent plasticity, dynamic filtering, etc., with remarkable linearity and ultralow energy consumption of ≈30 fJ per spike. Detailed transmission electron microscopy characterization and ab initio calculation reveal two‐stage ionic gating effects, namely, surface adsorption and internal intercalation in the channel medium, causing different poststimulation diffusive dynamics and thus accounting for the observed short‐term and long‐term plasticity, respectively. The synaptic activity can therefore be effectively manipulated by tailoring the ionic gating and consequent diffusion dynamics with varied thickness and structure of the van der Waals material as well as the number, duration, rate, and polarity of gate stimulations, making the present synaptic transistors intriguing candidates for low‐power neuromorphic systems.
Optically Unraveling the Edge Chirality‐Dependent Band Structure and Plasmon Damping in Graphene Edges
Authors: Duan Jiahua , Chen Runkun , Cheng Yuan , Yang Tianzhong , Zhai Feng , Dai Qing , Chen Jianing 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe nontrivial topological origin and pseudospinorial character of electron wavefunctions make edge states possess unusual electronic properties. Twenty years ago, the tight‐binding model calculation predicted that zigzag termination of 2D sheets of carbon atoms have peculiar edge states, which show potential application in spintronics and modern information technologies. Although scanning probe microscopy is employed to capture this phenomenon, the experimental demonstration of its optical response remains challenging. Here, the propagating graphene plasmon provides an edge‐selective polaritonic probe to directly detect and control the electronic edge state at ambient condition. Compared with armchair, the edge‐band structure in the bandgap gives rise to additional optical absorption and strongly absorbed rim at zigzag edge. Furthermore, the optical conductivity is reconstructed and the anisotropic plasmon damping in graphene systems is revealed. The reported approach paves the way for detecting edge‐specific phenomena in other van der Waals materials and topological insulators.
Ionic Gel Modulation of RKKY Interactions in Synthetic Anti‐Ferromagnetic Nanostructures for Low Power Wearable Spintronic Devices
Authors: Yang Qu , Zhou Ziyao , Wang Liqian , Zhang Hongjia , Cheng Yuxin , Hu Zhongqiang , Peng Bin , Liu Ming 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTo meet the demand of developing compatible and energy‐efficient flexible spintronics, voltage manipulation of magnetism on soft substrates is in demand. Here, a voltage tunable flexible field‐effect transistor structure by ionic gel (IG) gating in perpendicular synthetic anti‐ferromagnetic nanostructure is demonstrated. As a result, the interlayer Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida (RKKY) interaction can be tuned electrically at room temperature. With a circuit gating voltage, anti‐ferromagnetic (AFM) ordering is enhanced or converted into an AFM–ferromagnetic (FM) intermediate state, accompanying with the dynamic domain switching. This IG gating process can be repeated stably at different curvatures, confirming an excellent mechanical property. The IG‐induced modification of interlayer exchange coupling is related to the change of Fermi level aroused by the disturbance of itinerant electrons. The voltage modulation of RKKY interaction with excellent flexibility proposes an application potential for wearable spintronic devices with energy efficiency and ultralow operation voltage.
Biocatalytic Process for (−)‐Ambrox Production Using Squalene Hopene Cyclase
Authors: Eichhorn Eric , Locher Esther , Guillemer Sabrina , Wahler Denis , Fourage Laurent , Schilling Boris 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAlicyclobacillus acidocaldarius Squalene Hopene Cyclase was evolved to a biocatalyst suitable for (−)‐Ambrox production at industrial scale. One round of random mutagenesis led to the identification of three variants with (E,E)‐homofarnesol conversion properties improved about 1.5‐ to 10‐fold over that of the wild type enzyme. Eight distinct amino acid mutations were identified overall; only one mutation was at the active site of the enzyme. Each of the three variants contained only two or three mutations over the 631 amino acids of the Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius Squalene Hopene Cyclase polypeptide chain. Mutations responsible for improved (E,E)‐homofarnesol conversion were identified. Investigations on reaction conditions led to the selection of one variant, with which reaction parameters were optimized towards process‐relevant conditions. A whole cell biotransformation process is presented in which Escherichia coli cells producing an improved Squalene Hopene Cyclase variant allows the conversion of 125 g/L (E,E)‐homofarnesol in ≤72 hours. The developed process for the production of the fragrance ingredient (−)‐Ambrox as Ambrofix® expands the biocatalysis toolbox by setting out a general basis for biocatalytic Squalene Hopene Cyclase cyclization reactions at industrial scale.magnified image
CuI‐Catalyzed Selective 3‐Alkylation of Indoles with N‐Tosylhydrazones and the I2‐Mediated Further Cyclization to Chromeno[2,3‐b]Indoles
Authors: Miao Chun‐Bao , Sun Yan‐Fang , Wu He , Sun Xiao‐Qiang , Yang Hai‐Tao 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe CuI‐catalyzed reaction of indoles with N‐tosylhydrazones derived from the ortho‐/para‐hydroxybenzaldhydes affords selectively the C‐3 alkylated products rather than the N‐alkylated products. In addition, the I2‐mediated cyclization of the generated C‐3 alkylated products allows the concise synthesis of chromeno[2,3‐b]indole derivatives.magnified image
Phase Behavior of Lipid Bilayers: A Dissipative Particle Dynamics Simulation Study
Authors: Lu Teng , Guo Hongxia 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMesoscale simulations are performed to investigate the phase behavior of double‐tail lipid bilayers as a function of temperature and head‐group interaction. Depending on the lipid structure, the simulations reproduce the experimental phase diagrams including the interdigitated structure found in the experimental research. The area per surfactant, the bilayer thickness, the orientational order parameters and the chain overlap parameter are computed and the results show how they depend on the surfactant structure and temperature. The interdigitated structure is induced by increasing the strength of the repulsive interaction between the head‐groups. Therefore, the ability of the model to clarify some of the experimental questions related to the structure of the bilayer, including the interdigitated structure, and to guide the experimental research is confirmed.
Molecular weight monitoring of poly(2‐[[4‐(dimethylamino)benzylidene]amino]phenol) depending on polymerization conditions: investigation of thermal stability, antimicrobial properties, and conductivity enhancement
Authors: Yılmaz Baran Nuray , Saçak Mehmet 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA novel polyphenol with azomethine group, Poly(2‐[[4‐(dimethylamino)benzylidene]amino]phenol) P(2‐DBAP), was synthesized by oxidative polycondensation of 2‐[[4‐(dimethylamino)benzylidene]amino]phenol) (2‐DBAP) using NaOCl, H2O2, and O2 oxidants in aqueous alkaline medium. The effects of oxidant type and concentration, monomer concentration and polymerization temperature and time on yield and molecular weight distribution of P(2‐DBAP) were investigated. The structures of 2‐DBAP and P(2‐DBAP) were confirmed by UV‐Vis, FTIR, and 1HNMR techniques. Thermal behavior of the polymer was also analyzed by TG‐DTG techniques. Electrical conductivity value of P(2‐DBAP) which was doped with iodine for 24 hr at 60°C was measured as 7 × 10−2 S/cm by increasing 1010 fold compared with its undoped form. This conductivity level is the highest value reported in the literature for polyphenols containing azomethine group. Additionally, antimicrobial activities of 2‐DBAP and P(2‐DBAP) were tested against Sarcina lutea, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus Feacalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Bacillus subtilis bacteria and Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungi.
Nontoxic, Eco‐friendly Fully Water‐Induced Ternary Zr–Gd–O Dielectric for High‐Performance Transistors and Unipolar Inverters
Authors: Zhu Li , He Gang , Li Wendong , Yang Bing , Fortunato Elvira , Martins Rodrigo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this context, a simple, nontoxic, and eco‐friendly fully water‐induced (WI) route to fabricate ternary ZrGdOx thin films at various annealing temperatures is reported. Annealing temperature dependent microstructure, morphology, optical, electrical properties, and chemical bonding states of the WI ZrGdOx thin films are investigated by x‐ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, optical spectroscopy, x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electrical measurements. A low leakage current density of 10−8 A cm−2 at 1 mV cm−1 and a large areal capacitance of 531 nF cm−2 at 20 Hz are observed for 400 °C‐annealed ZrGdOx thin films. To verify the possible applications of ZrGdOx thin films as the gate dielectric in thin‐film transistors (TFTs), WI In2O3/ZrGdOx TFTs are integrated. 250 °C‐derived full oxide In2O3/ZrGdOx TFTs have demonstrated high electrical performance and low operating voltage, including high µFE of 18.82 cm2 V−1 S−1, threshold voltage shift of 0.46 V under positive bias stress for 3600 s, and a large Ion/Ioff of 6.01 × 107, respectively. Finally, a low voltage resistor‐loaded unipolar inverter is built using In2O3/ZrGdOx TFT, exhibiting a linear relationship between supplied voltage and gain voltage and a maximum gain of 7.4 at 2.5 V. These optimized parameters have achieved a low operating voltage of 2 V, which represents a great step toward the achievement of low‐cost, low‐power consumption, and large‐area all‐oxide flexible electronics.
Efficient Passivation of Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells Using Organic Dyes with COOH Functional Group
Authors: Li Xing , Chen Chun‐Chao , Cai Molang , Hua Xin , Xie Fengxian , Liu Xiao , Hua Jianli , Long Yi‐Tao , Tian He , Han Liyuan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractOrganic–inorganic halide perovskites are efficient absorbers for solar cells. Nevertheless, the trap states at the surfaces and grain boundaries are a detrimental factor compromising the device performance. Here, an organic dye (AQ310) is employed as passivator to reduce the trap states of the perovskites and promote better stability. The results demonstrate that the trap states of perovskite are minimized by the presence of AQ310's COOH group and the formation of coordination with under‐coordinated Pb2+ ions. The resulting carrier recombination time is prolonged and verified by the photoluminescence and open‐circuit voltage decay measurements. Consequently, the best average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.43% is achieved for the perovskite solar cell (PSC) with AQ310 passivation, as compared with a low average PCE of 17.98% for the PSC without AQ310 passivation.
Geriatric medicine in China: The past, present, and future
Authors: Yu Pulin , Liu Xiang , Wang Jianye 
Published: April 2018

AbstractGeriatric medicine in China started to develop as a medical specialty in the 1950s and has now become an extensive national healthcare network for the elderly. As population aging accelerates and the number of senior citizens keeps rising, major issues of healthcare delivery for this segment need to be addressed. Inequality in access to quality health care continues to exist between the public and private sectors and between urban centers and rural areas. The education and practice of geriatric medicine also face a range of problems, such as inadequate teaching of geriatrics‐related subjects in the medical education curriculum, the design of residency and fellowship programs, and the integration of geriatric principles into clinical practice. Government commitment, investment from the private sector, and improvement in geriatric medicine professionals’ knowledge and skills are required to bring geriatric care to a higher level.
Stable isotopic evidence for land use patterns in the Middle Euphrates Valley, Syria
Authors: Sołtysiak Arkadiusz , Schutkowski Holger 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectivesStable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N) were used to reconstruct the history of subsistence strategies in the middle Euphrates valley, NE Syria, in six temporal subsets dating from the Early Bronze Age (c. 2300 BCE) to the Modern period (19th/20th century CE). The study aims to demonstrate that changes in political and social organization over time, for which the archaeological record suggests different goals of land use and modes of production, register through dietary patterns that are reflected in isotopic data.Materials and methods173 dentin samples were taken from human individuals buried at three sites (Tell Ashara, Tell Masaikh and Gebel Mashtale) together with 15 animal bone samples. Distribution of the δ13C and δ15N values in collagen was interpreted in diachronic perspective, and with regard to lifetime shifts between childhood and adolescence.ResultsDiachronically, isotope signatures indicate a clear decrease in δ15N values accompanied by a small shift in δ13C values between the Old Babylonian (c. 1800–1600 BCE) and the Neo‐Assyrian (c. 850–600 BCE) subsets. A major shift in δ13C values occurred between the Early Islamic (c. 600–1200 CE) and Modern (c. 1800–1950) periods. Ontogenetic changes only occur in a few individuals, but these suggest change of residence between childhood and adolescence.DiscussionThe depletion in 15N from the Neo‐Assyrian period onwards is best explained in terms of a shift from intensive to extensive farming, triggered by the fall of regional city‐states after the Old Babylonian period and the formation of large supra‐regional polities in the Neo‐Assyrian period and later. The enrichment in 13C during the Modern period was most likely the effect of more widely utilizing the dry steppes, abundant in C4 plants, as pasture.
Compatible ecological niche signals between biological and archaeological datasets for late‐surviving Neandertals
Authors: Bible Rachael C. , Peterson A. Townsend 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo assess ecological niche similarity for biological and archaeological samples representing late‐surviving Neandertals in Europe to evaluate the validity of combining these two types of data in ecological niche modeling analyses.Materials and methodsTests of niche conservatism were used to assess niche similarity and niche identity of samples of morphologically diagnostic Neandertal remains and Middle Paleolithic (MP) archaeological sites dating to the time period leading up to Neandertal extinction. Paleoenvironmental reconstructions for the Pre‐H4 (43.3–40.2 ky cal BP) were used as environmental space analyses.ResultsNull hypotheses of niche similarity and identity of the two types of samples could not be rejected.ConclusionsAs primary and secondary evidence of Neandertal occurrence during the Pre‐H4 show high levels of niche similarity and identity, combining the two types of occurrence data to create larger samples for niche analyses is justified without the concern that different environmental signals could complicate future research.