bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN KONTAMINASI COLIFORM DAN SKOR PERILAKU HIGIENE-SANITASI PADA PEDAGANG JAJANAN DI KANTIN SEKOLAH DAN PEDAGANG KELILING
Authors: Riana Andhita , Sumarmi Sri 
Published: October 2018

Food is one of components that can cause illness, so it must be safe. An outbreaks of food poisoning 19% happened in school and 78.57% happened to elementary school children. Hygiene and sanitation are important factors related to food safety. This study was aimed to analyze correlation between behavior of hygiene and sanitation of food vendors with food safety by using most probable number of coliform indicator. This was an observational study used cross sectional design, involving 25 food vendors and 25 food sample which were selected randomly. Result showed that 40% of the snacks were contaminated by Coliform (>10 Juml./g). The highest contamination of Coliform was >1.100 Juml./g and was found on four food snacks sold in the canteen. Categories of hygiene knowledge score of vendors ware moderate (52%). The majority of vendors ware included in the moderate hygiene attitude score category (52%), and most of the vendors ware included in the moderate hygiene practice score category and moderate environment sanitation score category (56%, respectively). Statistical analysis using Spearman’s rho test showed that there ware a significant correlation between knowledge of hygiene, practice of hygiene, and environment sanitation of vendors with food safety using indicator most probable number of coliform (p=0.022, p=0.005, p=0.000, respectively). Whereas no significant correlation found between attitude of hygiene with contamination of Coliform (p=0.088). It was Found as much as 40% of foods are contaminated by coliform and should be awared, observations of food processing needs to be applied to prevent coliform contamination of school children’s snacks.
Evaluasi Program Pembelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial di SMP Negeri Kota Ambon
Authors: Urlialy Gesia Mira , Kurniawati Kurniawati , Ibrahim Nurzengky 
Published: October 2018

This study aims to evaluate historical learning programs that are integrated in social science to provide information on the extent of achievement of historical material integrated in social studies using the evaluative approach of the CIPP model (Context, Input, Process, and Product). This research was conducted at Ambon City Junior High School VII grade. The findings in this study on the context component indicate that the level of actualization in four aspects is moderate; in the input component the actualization level in three low aspects and two aspects shows the level of moderate actualization. In the input component the level of actualization in supporting the implementation of social studies learning in two low aspects and three moderate asepek. In the process component, the level of actualization in the implementation of social studies, especially historical material; and on the product component the actualization level of student learning outcomes is very high. Based on this research, it can be concluded that history learning integrated in social studies at Ambon City Junior High School in class VII is not optimal. Improvements need to be made - reforms by the principal, teachers and the government to support historical learning programs integrated in social studies.
Keywords: Learning Social Sciences, History, CIPP Model, Program Evaluation.

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi program pembelajaran sejarah yang terintegrasi dalam ilmu pengetahuan sosial untuk memberikan informasi sejauh mana ketercapaian dari materi sejarah yang terintegrasi dalam IPS dengan menggunakan pendekatan evaluatif model CIPP (Context, Input, Process, and Product). Penelitian ini dilakukan di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Kota Ambon kelas VII. Temuan dalam penelitian ini pada komponen konteks menunjukkan bahwa tingkat aktualisasi pada empat aspek sedang; pada komponen input tingkat aktualisasi pada tiga aspek rendah dan dua aspek menunjukkan tingkat aktualisasi sedang. Pada komponen input tingkat aktualisasi dalam menunjang pelaksanaan pembelajaran IPS sejarah pada dua aspek rendah dan tiga asepek sedang. Pada komponen proses tingkat aktualisasi dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran IPS khusunya materi sejarah sedang; dan pada komponen produk tingkat aktualisasi terhadap hasil belajar siswa sangat tinggi. Berdasarkan penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran sejarah yang terintegrasi dalam IPS di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Kota Ambon kelas VII belum optimal. Perlu dilakukan pembenahan â€“ pembenahan oleh pihak kepala sekolah, guru dan pemerintah untuk mendukung program pembelajaran sejarah yang terintegrasi dalam IPS.
Kata Kunci: Pembelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial, Sejarah, Model CIPP, Evaluasi Program.
Research on the vibration damping performance of hydro-pneumatic suspension of mine dump truck
Authors: Suo Xuefeng , Jiao Shengjie , Wang Gangfeng , Wang Haojie , Ma Xiyong 
Published: October 2018

The working environment of mine dump truck is relatively harsh, thus the suspension system with poor performance will directly affect driver's driving comfort and physical and mental health. An oil cylinder is one of the key components of the hydro-pneumatic suspension system, however, the high friction levels between cylinder and piston would lead to ‘friction locking’ phenomenon in the practical application. In order to improve the vibration damping performance of hydro-pneumatic suspension system and enhance the comfortability of whole vehicle, a 110 t mine dump truck was studied by theoretical and experimental method. The results of this study show that increasing the length of cylinder guide can effectively decrease the cylinder vibration transmission rate and improve the driving comfortability of vehicle.
A bankruptcy method for pollution load reallocation in river systems
Authors: Moridi Ali 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This study forms the basis and sets practical guidelines for developing river water quality management strategies for resolving conflicts related to the allocation of pollution discharge permits using bankruptcy methods. This approach was implemented by changing the concepts and considering the river self-purification potential (capacity) as an asset which is to be shared among various beneficiaries. The beneficiaries are the point sources which release their wastewater to the river with minimum treatment costs. Four commonly used bankruptcy methods in the water resources allocation literature are used here to develop new river bankruptcy solution methods for allocating pollution share to the riparian parties of river systems. For this purpose, the Qual2 K river water quality simulation model is integrated with a particle swarm optimization (PSO) model while various pollution loadings discharge policies have been determined based on the bankruptcy method. This method was employed in one of the most polluted rivers of northern Iran, which is the source of eutrophication for Anzali International Wetland. The results show that the application of this method could facilitate the conflict resolution among different beneficiaries in order to improve the conditions of river water quality.
Understanding the emergence of water market institutions: learning from functioning water markets in three countries
Authors: Breviglieri Gustavo Velloso , do Sol Osório Guarany Ipê , Puppim de Oliveira Jose A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMarkets for managing natural resources have existed for many decades and have gradually made their way into the mix of discourses on water policy. However, there are not many established water markets functioning worldwide and little understanding about how and why water markets emerge as allocating institutions. In order to understand the dynamics of the evolution of water markets, the experiences of selected cases with relatively mature water market systems were analyzed, namely: the Murray–Darling Basin in Australia; the Colorado-Big Thompson Project and the transfers between the Palo Verde and Metropolitan Water Districts in the USA; and Spain. We found that formal markets emerged in water scarcity situations where water rights already existed and were sometimes exchanged informally. Water markets have not always moved to reduce transaction costs, as some of those costs were necessary to achieve societal goals beyond economic efficiency. There is a significant difference between the idea of water markets as proposed by economic theory and actual practice in the water sector. As institutions, markets are humanly devised rules embedded in a social and political context and do not always lead to efficient or effective solutions for the management of resources.
Formation of trihalomethanes in swimming pool waters using sodium dichloroisocyanurate as an alternative disinfectant
Authors: Mao Yuanxiang , Zhang Liping , Dong Huiyu 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Disinfection is essential to preventing infection caused by microbial pathogens in swimming pool water. The most commonly used disinfection methods are chlorine disinfectant, including sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and sodium dichloroisocyanurate (SDIC, C3O3N3Cl2Na) with characteristics of available chlorine formation and stability. In this study, we estimate the formation of trihalomethanes (THM4) in indoor swimming pools filled with seawater that adopt these disinfection methods, and we investigated the factors influencing the formation of THM4. Formation of THM4 by free chlorine (FC) and SDIC respectively is 327.8 μg L−1 and 307.6 μg L−1; Br-THMs is 226.7 μg L−1 for FC, 198 μg L−1 for SDIC. SDIC has less THM4 formation than FC in the same molar Br− dosage (10 μM) and total chlorine dosage (20 μM), and bromoform is the main Br-THMs species. The occurrence of THM4 is inhibited at high dosages of natural organic matter and Br−. The total Br-THMs increase from 75 μg L−1 to 189.7 μg L−1 and from 64.6 μg L−1 to 190 μg L−1 by FC and SDIC at pH 5.0–9.0, both of which are highly dependent on pH. In real water, similar results were found in Br−-containing water (1 mg-Br− L−1).
Bacterial Lipoprotein Biosynthetic Pathway as a Potential Target for Structure-based Design of Antibacterial Agents
Authors: Xia Jie , Feng Bo , Wen Gang , Xue Wenjie , Ma Guixing , Zhang Hongmin , Wu Song 
Published: October 2018

Background:Antibiotic resistance is currently a serious problem for global public health. To this end, discovery of new antibacterial drugs that interact with novel targets is important. The biosynthesis of lipoproteins is vital to bacterial survival and its inhibitors have shown efficacy against a range of bacteria, thus bacterial lipoprotein biosynthetic pathway is a potential target.Methods:At first, the literature that covered the basic concept of bacterial lipoprotein biosynthetic pathway as well as biochemical characterization of three key enzymes was reviewed. Then, the recently resolved crystal structures of the three enzymes were retrieved from Protein Data Bank (PDB) and the essential residues in the active sites were analyzed. Lastly, all the available specific inhibitors targeting this pathway and their Structure-activity Relationship (SAR) were discussed.Results:We briefly introduce the bacterial lipoprotein biosynthetic pathway and describe the structures and functions of three key enzymes in detail. In addition, we present much knowledge on ligand recognition that may facilitate structure-based drug design. Moreover, we focus on the SAR of LspA inhibitors and discuss their potency and drug-likeness.Conclusion:This review presents a clear background of lipoprotein biosynthetic pathway and provides practical clues for structure-based drug design. In particular, the most up-to-date knowledge on the SAR of lead compounds targeting this pathway would be a good reference for discovery of a novel class of antibacterial agents.
Machine Learning in Quantitative Protein–peptide Affinity Prediction: Implications for Therapeutic Peptide Design
Authors: Li Zhongyan , Miao Qingqing , Yan Fugang , Meng Yang , Zhou Peng 
Published: October 2018

Background:Protein–peptide recognition plays an essential role in the orchestration and regulation of cell signaling networks, which is estimated to be responsible for up to 40% of biological interaction events in the human interactome and has recently been recognized as a new and attractive druggable target for drug development and disease intervention.Methods:We present a systematic review on the application of machine learning techniques in the quantitative modeling and prediction of protein–peptide binding affinity, particularly focusing on its implications for therapeutic peptide design. We also briefly introduce the physical quantities used to characterize protein–peptide affinity and attempt to extend the content of generalized machine learning methods.Results:Existing issues and future perspective on the statistical modeling and regression prediction of protein– peptide binding affinity are discussed.Conclusion:There is still a long way to go before establishment of general, reliable and efficient machine leaningbased protein–peptide affinity predictors.
Optimized Tree-Type Cylindrical-Shaped Nanoporous Filtering Membranes with 3 or 5 Branch Pores in Each Pore Tree
Authors: Zhang Yongbin 
Published: October 2018

Background:
It is necessary to investigate the performances of the optimized tree-type
cylindrical-shaped nanoporous filtering membranes with 3 or 5 branch pores in each pore tree.

Objective:
To explore the design method for and the performances of the liquid-particle and liquidliquid
separations of the optimized tree-type cylindrical-shaped nanoporous filtering membranes with
3 or 5 branch pores in each pore tree.

Methods:
The analysis was made for the flow resistance of the studied membrane based on the nanoscale
flow equation. The optimum ratios of the radius of the trunk pore to the radius of the branch
pore were typically calculated for yielding the lowest flow resistance of this membrane. The capability
of the liquid-liquid separation of this membrane was investigated by exploring the flow resistances
of this membrane for different liquids.

Results:
The optimum ratios of the radius of the trunk pore to the radius of the branch pore were
typically calculated for the maximum fluxes of these membranes for different passing liquid-pore
wall interactions. They can be used for the design of the studied membranes for liquid-particle or
liquid-liquid separations. The flow resistances of the studied membranes in the optimum condition
for different liquids were also calculated, and the capability of the liquid-liquid separation of the
membranes is evidenced.

Conclusion:
The obtained results can be used for the design of the studied membranes for achieving
their optimum operating condition, by taking the ratio of the radius of the trunk pore to the radius of
the branch pore as optimum. The studied membranes also have good capabilities of liquid-liquid
separations if the mixed liquids have greatly different interactions with the pore wall and the radius
of the branch pore is below 3nm or less.
Inhaled Biologicals for the Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Sala Valentina , Murabito Alessandra , Ghigo Alessandra 
Published: October 2018

Background:Cystic Fibrosis (CF), one of the most frequent genetic diseases, is characterized by the production of viscous mucus in several organs. In the lungs, mucus clogs the airways and traps bacteria, leading to recurrent/resistant infections and lung damage. For cystic fibrosis patients, respiratory failure is still lethal in early adulthood since available treatments display incomplete efficacy.Objective:The objective of this review is to extend the current knowledge in the field of available treatments for cystic fibrosis. A special focus has been given to inhaled peptide-based drugs.Methods:The current review is based on recent and/or relevant literature and patents already available in various scientific databases, which include PubMed, PubMed Central, Patentscope and Science Direct. The information obtained through these diverse databases is compiled, critically interpreted and presented in the current study. An in-depth but not systematic approach to the specific research question has been adopted.Results:Recently, peptides have been proposed as possible pharmacologic agents for the treatment of respiratory diseases. Of note, peptides are suitable to be administered by inhalation to maximize efficacy and reduce systemic side effects. Moreover, innovative delivery carriers have been developed for drug administration through inhalation, allowing not only protection against proteolysis, but also a prolonged and controlled release.Conclusion:Here, we summarize newly patented peptides that have been developed in the last few years and advanced technologies for inhaled drug delivery to treat cystic fibrosis.
MARX AND THE “LAW OF VALUE”. A CRITICAL APPRAISAL ON THE OCCASION OF HIS 200TH BIRTHDAY
Authors: Kurz Heinz D. 
Published: October 2018

<p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><strong></strong>The paper celebrates Karl Marx’ 200th birthday in terms of a critical discussion of the “law of value” and the idea that “abstract labour”, and not any use value, is the common third of any two commodities that exchange for one another in a given proportion. It is argued that this view is difficult to sustain. It is also the source of the wretched and unnecessary “transformation problem”. Ironically, as Piero Sraffa has shown, prices of production and the general rate of profits are fully determined in terms of the same set of data from which Marx started his analysis.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p><p><strong>MARX Y LA “LEY DEL VALOR”. </strong><strong>UNA EVALUACIÓN CRÍTICA CON MOTIVO DE SU BICENTENARIO</strong></p><p><strong></strong><strong>RESUMEN</strong></p><p><strong></strong>En este artículo conmemoro el bicentenario de Karl Marx mediante una discusión crítica de la “ley del valor” y de la idea de que el “trabajo abstracto”, y no ningún valor de uso, es el tercer elemento común de las mercancías que se ntercambian entre sí en una proporción determinada. Argumento que es difícil sostener este punto de vista. Esto también es la fuente del infortunado e innecesario problema de la transformación”. Irónicamente, como lo demostró Piero Sraffa, los precios de producción y la tasa general de ganancia se determinan de forma completa en términos del mismo conjunto de datos a partir del cual Marx inició su análisis.</p><p> </p>
TANGGAPAN MASYARAKAT KARO DI BERASTAGI TERHADAP PERUBAHAN AYO-AYO PADA BANGUNAN OBJEK WISATA TAHURA
Authors: Adhitia Mhd. Try , Tarigan Nelson 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRAK Latar Belakang penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perubahan apa saja yang terjadi pada ayo-ayo bangunan objek wisata Tahura dan pendapat masyarakat Karo di Berastagi terhadap perubahan tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perubahan bentuk, warna dan ornamen ayo-ayo pada bangunan objek wisata Tahura serta pendapat masyarakat Karo di Berastagi terhadap perubahan tersebut.Populasi yang diambil dalam penelitian ini adalah 1 bangunan objek wisata Tahura dan sampel yang diambil sebanyak 4 bidang ayo-ayo. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kajian pustaka, observasi lapangan dan dokumentasi, serta wawancara dengan menguraikan perbandingan antara objek yang diteliti dengan sumber-sumber buku dan pendapat ahli, lalu wawancara sebagai cara untuk mengambil tanggapan masyarakat terhadap objek yang diteliti. Ayo-ayo pada bangunan objek wisata Tahura mengalami perubahan pada bahan, bentuk, warna dan ornamen. Perubahan tersebut sudah terlalu jauh dari ayo-ayo yang asli. Hasil temuan peneliti menunjukkan bahwa, perubahan ayo-ayo pada bangunan Tahura tidak hanya terjadi secara umum saja, tetapi secara detail juga. Perubahan tersebut mengakibatkan pengetahuan untuk ayo-ayo yang asli semakin kabur. Kata Kunci : Tanggapan Masyarakat, Perubahan.
SEPATU LUKIS MATAHARI ART DALAM PERKEMBANGAN APPLIED ART PADA GAMBAR DARI TAHUN 2011-2016 DI KOTA MEDAN
Authors: Irantoni Zikra , Triyanto R. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini adalah penelitian studi pustaka yang menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perkembangan applied art pada sepatu lukis Matahari Art dari tahun 2011-2016. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui instrument penelitian berupa observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Jumlah sampel penelitian sebanyak 18 pasang sepatu yang mewakili dalam satu sampai enam priode yang diambil dari Matahari Art. Subjek dari penelitian ini adalah perkembangan gambar pada sepatu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gambar yang terdapat pada sepatu lukis Matahari Art pada tahun 2011-2014 untuk motif sepatu anak-anak dan remaja, dominan menggunakan gambar kartun, sedangkan untuk dewasa dominan menggunakan gambar dekoratif, doodle dan kontemporer. Pada tahun 2015-2016 untuk motif sepatu anak-anak dan remaja, didominasi oleh penggabungan gambar kartun dan potret realis, sementara untuk motif sepatu dewasa didominasi oleh gambar potret realis. Kata Kunci : Sepatu Lukis, Matahari Art, Applied Art.
ANALISIS KESALAHAN PENGGUNAAN KATA BAKU PADA TEKS LAPORAN HASIL OBSERVASI SISWA KELAS X MAN 2 MODEL MEDANTAHUN PEMBELAJARAN 2016/2017
Authors: Tanjung Sri Rahayuni 
Published: October 2018

Kata baku adalah ragam bahasa yang cara pengucapan maupun penulisannya sesuai dengan kaidah – kaidah standar. Kaidah – kaidah standar ini dapat berupa pedoman ejaan, tata bahasa baku, dan kata kamus umum. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif.Subjek penelitian ini adalah teks laporan hasil observasi yang ditulis siswa kelas X IPA2 MAN 2 Model Medan tahun pembelajaran 2016/2017. Objek penelitian ini adalah kalimat yang mengandung unsur kesalahan penggunaan kata baku. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif, yaitu mendeskripsikan suatu keadaan alamiah secara mendalam dan terperinci mengenai kesalahan penggunaan kata baku pada teks laporan hasil observasi siswa kelas X MAN 2 Model Medan. Untuk menemukan dan mengklasifikasikan kalimat yang mengandung kesalahan penggunaan kata bakudigunakan teknik membaca, mencermati fokus dan konteks, dan mencatat. Instrumen pada penelitian ini adalah penulis sendiri (human instrument), yaitu sebagai instrumen kunci dengan menggunakan bantuan tabel analisis kesalahan kata baku.Hasil penelitian kesalahan penggunaan kata baku pada teks laporan hasil observasi siswa kelas X MAN 2 Model Medan, yaitu (1) Kesalahan penggantian huruf sebanyak 70 (19,1 %)kesalahan, 23 teks dikategorikan sangat baik, 16 teks dikategorikan baik, dan 4 teks dikategorikan cukup.(2) Kesalahan penghilangan huruf sebanyak 46 (12,6 %)kesalahan, 31 teks dikategorikan sangat baik, 8 teks dikategorikan baik, dan 2 teks dikategorikan cukup, dan 2 teks dikategorikan sangat kurang. (3) Kesalahanpenyederhanaan huruf sebanyak 23 (6,3%) kesalahan, 27 teks dikategorikan sangat baik, 10 teks dikategorikan baik, dan 6 teks dikategorikan sangat kurang. (4) Kesalahanejaan sebanyak 226 (62%) kesalahan, 25 teks dikategorikan sangat baik, 14 teks dikategorikan baik, 3 teks dikategorikan cukup dan 1 teks dikategorikan kurang. (5) Kesalahan pilihan kata sebanyak 14 (3.7%) kesalahan, 33 teks dikategorikan sangat baik, 8 teks dikategorikan kurang, dan 2 teks dikategorikan sangat kurang.