bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioactivities and genome insights of a thermotolerant antibiotics‐producing Streptomyces sp. TM32 reveal its potentials for novel drug discovery
Authors: Nakaew Nareeluk , Lumyong Saisamorn , Sloan William T. , Sungthong Rungroch 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA way to defeat antimicrobial resistance (AMR) crisis is to supply novel drugs to the pharmaceutical industry. This effort leads to a global call for seeking the beneficial microbes from underexplored habitats. To support this call, we isolated Streptomyces sp. TM32 from the rhizosphere soil of a medicinal plant, turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). TM32 exhibited strong antimicrobial activities against both human and plant pathogens, including an AMR pathogen, Staphylococcus haemolyticus MR‐CoNS. Surprisingly, such antimicrobial results of TM32's autoclaved crude extract remained the same. Based on the genome data analysis, TM32 belongs to the same genomic species with Streptomyces sioyaensis DSM 40032T, supported by the relatively high‐average nucleotide identity values (ANIb: 96.80% and OrthoANIu: 97.14%) and in silico DNA–DNA relatedness value of 75.40%. Importantly, the gene annotation analyses revealed that TM32's genome contains various genes encoding the biosynthesis of either known or unknown antibiotics and some metabolites involved in plant growth‐promoting traits. However, bioactivities and genome data comparison of TM32 and DSM 40032T showed a set of apparent differences, for example, antimicrobial potentials, genome size, number, and occurrence of coding DNA sequences in the chromosomes. These findings suggest that TM32 is a new strain of S. sioyaensis and serves as an emerging source for further discovery of valuable and novel bioactive compounds.
Synergistic fire safety improvement between oyster shell powder and ammonium polyphosphate in TPU composites
Authors: Chen Xilei , Zhang Xinyuan , Wang Yong , Zhang Xiaoguang , Jiao Chuanmei 
Published: April 2019

In this article, oyster shell powder (OSP) was used as fire safety agent with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) in thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites. The synergistic fire safety improvement between OSP and APP was intensively investigated using limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL‐94, smoke density test (SDT), and cone calorimeter test (CCT). There is a good synergistic effect of reducing the fire hazards when OSP was used with APP in TPU. The peak heat release rate (pHRR) of the sample with 2.0‐wt% OSP and 8.0‐wt% APP decreased to 86.8 kW/m2 from 175.7 kW/m2 of the sample with only 10.0‐wt% APP. The SDT results showed that the luminous flux of sample OSP2/APP8 was up to 28.9% at the end of experiment with flame, which was much higher than that of pure TPU (1.5%). The thermal stability and thermal decomposition of TPU composites were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis/Fourier infrared spectrum analysis (TG‐IR). The result revealed the inert gasses (including CO2 and water vapor) produced by the reaction between OSP and APP. A char formed on the surface of composites, hindered the flame spread, reduced the release of combustible gas, and restricted the precursor of smoke into combustion zone.
Studies on sorption of bifenthrin and diazinon insecticides on molecularly imprinted polymers
Authors: Szajnecki Łukasz , Gawdzik Barbara 
Published: April 2019

Synthesis and characterization of polymeric matrices for molecular recognition of pesticides are presented. For their preparation, methacrylic acid as a functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as a cross‐linking agent were used. As template molecules, diazinon and bifenthrin were applied. Syntheses were carried out in the presence of different porogens. Chemical structures were studied using FTIR‐ATR, elemental analysis, and alkacymetric titration, morphology by laser diffraction particle size analyzer and by particle size, and shape analyzer based on image analysis, whereas porous structure by nitrogen adsorption/desorption method. To study selectivity of the sorbent toward template molecule, breakthrough volumes and sorption kinetics for molecularly imprinted polymers and nonimprinted analogues were determined. Particle sizes of the studied sorbents (expressed as CE diameter) were in the range 40 to 44 μm (except sorbent obtained in the presence of hexane). The chemical composition of all obtained sorbents was close to theoretical one (60.13% C, 7.11% H, 32.77% O). The values of specific surface area of the sorbents were in the range 2 to 338 m2/g.
Repair of Oxidizing Hydroxyl Adduct Radicals of DNA Bases by Hydroxyl‐trans‐Stilbenes via Single Electron Transfer
Authors: An Ping , Wang Yuyue , Li Shujin , Zhou Liping 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRepair of oxidizing hydroxyl adduct radicals of DNA bases (base‐OH‐adduct) by eleven hydroxyl‐trans‐stilbenes via single electron transfer under physiological conditions are investigated using density functional theory. For eleven hydroxyl‐trans‐stilbenes (PSOHs), their anions make all the contributions to repairing oxidizing base‐OH‐adduct radicals. Ten PSOHs show better beneficial antioxidant effect than trans‐resveratrol. 3, 3′, 4, 4′, 5, 5′‐Hexahydroxy‐trans‐stilbene (PSOHd) performs the best repair activity to oxidizing base‐OH‐adduct radicals, and 3′, 4′, 5, 5′‐tetrahydroxy‐trans‐stibene has the smallest pKa value. The rate constants for the reactions of PSOHd with oxidizing base‐OH‐adduct radicals are about 105∼109 dm3 mol−1 s−1. Main factors affecting the repair reactions are the vertical ionization potential, the pKa of PSOHs and the vertical electron affinity of oxidizing base‐OH‐adduct radicals. This study gives information on repairing oxidizing base‐OH‐adduct radicals by PSOHs in biological environment for the first time and finds more beneficial antioxidant effect polyphenol than trans‐resveratrol or piceatannol.
Integrating Social Studies and English Language Arts: Digital Stories and the Revolutionary War
Authors: Yearta Lindsay 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBased on research conducted in a fourth‐grade classroom, the author describes one teacher's process for integrating social studies and English language arts using a writers’ workshop approach. Furthermore, the fourth‐grade teacher was able to provide students with an opportunity to engage in multimodal composition. After conducting research independently and collaboratively, the students wrote scripts, located images, and recorded narration to create digital stories from the perspective of a Revolutionary War participant. Revision, editing, and further research occurred during the process. When completed, students’ digital stories were uploaded to a video‐sharing website where they could be viewed by authentic audiences.
Special issue devoted to the 14th International conference “Dynamical Systems — Theory and Applications”
Authors: Awrejcewicz Jan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis special issue consists of selected papers presented on the 14th International Conference on “Dynamical Systems — Theory and Applications” (DSTA 2017), held on December 11–14, 2017 in Łódź, Poland. The content of the presented articles includes modern states and contemporary perspectives of mathematical modeling, simulation, stability, control and new mathematical methods addressed to nonlinear dynamical systems, both in theoretical aspects and practical applications.
Compactifications of 6d$$ \mathcal{N} $$ = (1, 0) SCFTs with non-trivial Stiefel-Whitney classes
Authors: Ohmori Kantaro , Tachikawa Yuji , Zafrir Gabi 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

We consider compactifications of very Higgsable 6d

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

=(1, 0) SCFTs on T
2 with non-trivial Stiefel-Whitney classes (or equivalently ’t Hooft magnetic fluxes) introduced for their flavor symmetry groups. These systems can also be studied as twisted S
1 compactifications of the corresponding 5d theories. We deduce various properties of the resulting 4d

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

=2 SCFTs by combining these two viewpoints. In particular, we find that all 4d rank-1

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

=2 SCFTs with a dimension-6 Coulomb branch operator with flavor symmetry

$$ \mathfrak{e} $$

e

8,

$$ \mathfrak{u}\mathfrak{s}\mathfrak{p} $$

u
s
p

(10),

$$ \mathfrak{s}\mathfrak{u} $$

s
u

(4) and

$$ \mathfrak{s}\mathfrak{u} $$

s
u

(3) can be uniformly obtained by starting from a single-tensor theory in 6d.
We also have a mostly independent appendix where we propose a rule to determine the Coulomb branch dimensions of 4d

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

=2 theories obtained by T
2 compactifications of 6d very Higgsable theories with and without Stiefel-Whitney twist.
New late Middle to early Late Ordovician U–Pb zircon ages of extension-related felsic volcanic rocks in the Eastern Pyrenees (NE Iberia): tectonic implications
Authors: Martí Joan , Solari Luigi , Casas Josep Maria , Chichorro Martim 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPre-Variscan basement rocks from the Pyrenees provide evidence of several magmatic episodes with complex geodynamic histories from late Neoproterozoic to Palaeozoic times. One of the most significant episodes, consisting of several granitic and granodioritic bodies and volcanic rocks, mostly pyroclastic in nature, dates from the Late Ordovician period. In the Eastern Pyrenees, this magmatism is well represented in the Ribes de Freser and Núria areas; here, the Núria orthogneiss and the Ribes granophyre, both dated at c. 457–460 Ma, seem to form a calc-alkaline plutonic suite emplaced at different crustal levels. The presence of numerous pyroclastic deposits and lavas interbedded with Upper Ordovician (Sandbian–lower Katian, formerly Caradoc) sediments, intruded by the Ribes granophyre, suggests that this magmatic episode also generated significant volcanism. Moreover, the area hosts an important volume of rhyolitic ignimbrites and andesitic lavas affected by Alpine deformation. These volcanic rocks were previously attributed to late Variscan volcanism, extensively represented in other areas of the Pyrenees. Here we present the first five laser-ablation U–Pb zircon dates for this ignimbritic succession and two new ages for the Ribes granophyre. The ages of the ignimbrites, overlapping within error, are all 460 Ma, suggesting a genetic relationship between the plutonic and volcanic rocks and indicating that the Sandbian–Katian magmatism is much more voluminous than reported in previous studies, and possibly includes mega-eruptions linked to the formation of collapse calderas.
The theory of frame ordering: observing motions in calmodulin complexes
Authors: d'Auvergne Edward James , Griesinger Christian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLarge scale functional motions of molecules are studied experimentally using numerous molecular and biophysics techniques, the data from which are subsequently interpreted using diverse models of Brownian molecular dynamics. To unify all rotational physics techniques and motional models, the frame order tensor – a universal statistical mechanics theory based on the rotational ordering of rigid body frames – is herein formulated. The frame ordering is the fundamental physics that governs how motions modulate rotational molecular physics and it defines the properties and maximum information content encoded in the observable physics. Using the tensor to link residual dipolar couplings and pseudo-contact shifts, two distinct information-rich and atomic-level biophysical measurements from the field of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, to a number of basic mechanical joint models, a highly dynamic state of calmodulin (CaM) bound to a target peptide in a tightly closed conformation was observed. Intra- and inter-domain motions reveal the CaM complex to be entropically primed for peptide release.
Liberalism and Locke's Philosophical Anthropology
Authors: Zorzi Graedon 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPerhaps in part because of an issue related to chronology of publications, the connections between Locke's liberalism and philosophical anthropology are underappreciated. This essay addresses that issue and re-examines Locke's account of the person, treating it as an interpretive key to Locke's political thought. Locke'spersonis, contra the standard readings, a relational concept that refers to beings capable of law in terms of their accountability to law; descendants of Adam are equal as persons in that they hold identical rights (or prerogatives) and duties under the divine law. This philosophical anthropology leads to a principle—eschatological accountability delimits legitimate moral and political authority, so authority over a person is necessarily limited by that person's accountability to God—that helps to clarify certain misunderstandings of the status of moral authority within Lockean liberalism and to explain how Locke set the terms of subsequent debates about the limits of political authority.
The Praises of Modernity: Hume and Machiavelli on Founders, Factions, and Faiths
Authors: Landis Joel E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMachiavelli's influence on David Hume's political thought is a subject of growing scholarly attention. I analyze Hume's “Of Parties in General” to show that the introduction to this essay is a critical appropriation of Machiavelli'sDiscourses on Livy. I argue that Hume's appropriation of Machiavelli provides a meaningful frame to an essay in which Hume will consciously build upon one of Machiavelli's most controversial teachings, that good political founding is hampered by the effects of Christianity on political thinking. My analysis contributes to our understanding of Machiavelli's influence on Hume by showing Machiavelli's imprint much beyond where it is usually the subject of debate, in Hume's political science.
Recent advances in compact repetitive high-power Marx generators
Authors: Song Falun , Li Fei , Zhang Beizhen , Zhu Mingdong , Li Chunxia , Wang Ganping , Gong Haitao , Gan Yanqing , Jin Xiao 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper introduces recent activities on Marx-based compact repetitive pulsed power generators at the Institute of Applied Electronics (IAE), China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), over the period 2010–2018. A characteristic feature of the generators described is the use of a simplified bipolar charged Marx circuit, in which the normal isolation resistors or inductors to ground are removed to make the circuit simpler. Several pulse-forming modules developed to generate a 100 ns square wave output are introduced, including thin-film dielectric lines of different structures, a pulse-forming line based on a Printed Circuit Board, and non-uniform pulse-forming networks. A compact repetitive three-electrode spark gap switch with low-jitter, high-voltage, and high-current was developed and is used in the generators. A positive and negative series resonant constant current power supply with high precision and high power is introduced. As an important part of the repetitive pulse power generator, a lower jitter pulse trigger source is introduced. Several typical high-power repetitive pulsed power generators developed at IAE are introduced including a 30 GW low-impedance Marx generator, a compact square-wave pulse generator based on Kapton-film dielectric Blumlein line, a 20 GW high pulse-energy repetitive PFN-Marx generator, and a coaxial Marx generator based on ceramic capacitors. The research of key technologies and their development status are discussed, which can provide a reference for the future development and application of miniaturization of compact and repetitive Marx generators.
Extension of the known distribution of a novel clade C betacoronavirus in a wildlife host
Authors: Saldanha I. F. , Lawson B. , Goharriz H. , Rodriguez-Ramos Fernandez J. , John S. K. , Fooks A. R. , Cunningham A. A. , Johnson N. , Horton D. L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDisease surveillance in wildlife populations presents a logistical challenge, yet is critical in gaining a deeper understanding of the presence and impact of wildlife pathogens. Erinaceus coronavirus (EriCoV), a clade C Betacoronavirus, was first described in Western European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) in Germany. Here, our objective was to determine whether EriCoV is present, and if it is associated with disease, in Great Britain (GB). An EriCoV-specific BRYT-Green® real-time reverse transcription PCR assay was used to test 351 samples of faeces or distal large intestinal tract contents collected from casualty or dead hedgehogs from a wide area across GB. Viral RNA was detected in 10.8% (38) samples; however, the virus was not detected in any of the 61 samples tested from Scotland. The full genome sequence of the British EriCoV strain was determined using next generation sequencing; it shared 94% identity with a German EriCoV sequence. Multivariate statistical models using hedgehog case history data, faecal specimen descriptions and post-mortem examination findings found no significant associations indicative of disease associated with EriCoV in hedgehogs. These findings indicate that the Western European hedgehog is a reservoir host of EriCoV in the absence of apparent disease.
Inorganic carbon fixation in ice-covered lakes of the McMurdo Dry Valleys
Authors: Vick-Majors Trista J. , Priscu John C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractInorganic carbon fixation, usually mediated by photosynthetic microorganisms, is considered to form the base of the food chain in aquatic ecosystems. In high-latitude lakes, lack of sunlight owing to seasonal solar radiation limits the activity of photosynthetic plankton during the polar winter, causing respiration-driven demand for carbon to exceed supply. Here, we show that inorganic carbon fixation in the dark, driven by organisms that gain energy from chemical reactions rather than sunlight (chemolithoautotrophs), provides a significant influx of fixed carbon to two permanently ice-covered lakes (Fryxell and East Bonney). Fryxell, which has higher biomass per unit volume of water, had higher rates of inorganic dark carbon fixation by chemolithoautotrophs than East Bonney (trophogenic zone average 1.0 µg C l−1 d−1vs 0.08 µg C l−1 d−1, respectively). This contribution from dark carbon fixation was partly due to the activity of ammonia oxidizers, which are present in both lakes. Despite the potential importance of new carbon input by chemolithoautotrophic activity, both lakes remain net heterotrophic, with respiratory demand for carbon exceeding supply. Dark carbon fixation increased the ratio of new carbon supply to respiratory demand from 0.16 to 0.47 in Fryxell, and from 0.14 to 0.22 in East Bonney.
Notch signaling in astrocytes mediates their morphological response to an inflammatory challenge
Authors: Acaz-Fonseca Estefania , Ortiz-Rodriguez Ana , Azcoitia Iñigo , Garcia-Segura Luis M. , Arevalo Maria-Angeles 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn the nervous system, Notch pathway has a prominent role in the control of neuronal morphology and in the determination of the astrocyte fate. However, the role of Notch in morphological astrocyte plasticity is unknown. Here, we have explored the role of Notch activity on the morphological reactivity of primary astrocytes in response to LPS, an inflammatory stimulus. We found that LPS induces reactive astrocyte morphology by the inhibition of Notch signaling via NFκB activation and Jagged upregulation. In contrast, IGF-1, an anti-inflammatory molecule, inhibits LPS-induced reactive astrocyte morphological phenotype by enhancing Notch signaling through the inhibition of NFκB and the activation of MAPK. Therefore, Notch signaling pathway emerges as a mediator of the regulation of astrocyte morphology by inflammatory and anti-inflammatory stimuli.
Room-temperature valley coherence in a polaritonic system
Authors: Qiu L. , Chakraborty C. , Dhara S. , Vamivakas A. N. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe emerging field of valleytronics aims to coherently manipulate an electron and/or hole’s valley pseudospin as an information bearing degree of freedom (DOF). Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides, due to their strongly bound excitons, their degenerate valleys and their seamless interfacing with photons are a promising candidate for room temperature valleytronics. Although the exciton binding energy suggests room temperature valley coherence should be possible, it has been elusive to-date. A potential solution involves the formation of half-light, half-matter cavity polaritons based on 2D material excitons. It has recently been discovered that cavity polaritons can inherit the valley DOF. Here, we demonstrate the room temperature valley coherence of valley-polaritons by embedding a monolayer of tungsten diselenide in a monolithic dielectric cavity. The extra decay path introduced by the exciton-cavity coupling, which is free from decoherence, is the key to room temperature valley coherence preservation. These observations paves the way for practical valleytronic devices.
Plant leaves inspired sunlight-driven purifier for high-efficiency clean water production
Authors: Geng Hongya , Xu Qiang , Wu Mingmao , Ma Hongyun , Zhang Panpan , Gao Tiantian , Qu Liangti , Ma Tianbao , Li Chun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNatural vascular plants leaves rely on differences in osmotic pressure, transpiration and guttation to produce tons of clean water, powered by sunlight. Inspired by this, we report a sunlight-driven purifier for high-efficiency water purification and production. This sunlight-driven purifier is characterized by a negative temperature response poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel (PN) anchored onto a superhydrophilic melamine foam skeleton, and a layer of PNIPAm modified graphene (PG) filter membrane coated outside. Molecular dynamics simulation and experimental results show that the superhydrophilicity of the relatively rigid melamine skeleton significantly accelerates the swelling/deswelling rate of the PNPG-F purifier. Under one sun, this rational engineered structure offers a collection of 4.2 kg m−2 h−1 and an ionic rejection of > 99% for a single PNPG-F from brine feed via the cooperation of transpiration and guttation. We envision that such a high-efficiency sunlight driven system could have great potential applications in diverse water treatments.
Recollection in the human hippocampal-entorhinal cell circuitry
Authors: Staresina Bernhard P. , Reber Thomas P. , Niediek Johannes , Boström Jan , Elger Christian E. , Mormann Florian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractImagine how flicking through your photo album and seeing a picture of a beach sunset brings back fond memories of a tasty cocktail you had that night. Computational models suggest that upon receiving a partial memory cue (‘beach’), neurons in the hippocampus coordinate reinstatement of associated memories (‘cocktail’) in cortical target sites. Here, using human single neuron recordings, we show that hippocampal firing rates are elevated from ~ 500–1500 ms after cue onset during successful associative retrieval. Concurrently, the retrieved target object can be decoded from population spike patterns in adjacent entorhinal cortex (EC), with hippocampal firing preceding EC spikes and predicting the fidelity of EC object reinstatement. Prior to orchestrating reinstatement, a separate population of hippocampal neurons distinguishes different scene cues (buildings vs. landscapes). These results elucidate the hippocampal-entorhinal circuit dynamics for memory recall and reconcile disparate views on the role of the hippocampus in scene processing vs. associative memory.