bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing Driven by a Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Wu Changsheng , Tetik Halil , Cheng Jia , Ding Wenbo , Guo Hengyu , Tao Xingtian , Zhou Nanjia , Zi Yunlong , Wu Zhiyi , Wu Huixuan , Lin Dong , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractElectrohydrodynamic jet (e‐jet) printing is a high‐resolution printed electronics technique that uses an electric field to generate droplets. It has great application potential with the rapid development of flexible and wearable electronics. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG), which can convert mechanical motions into electricity, have found many high‐voltage applications with unique merits of portability, controllability, safety, and cost‐effectiveness. In this work, the application of a TENG is extended to printed electronics by employing it to drive e‐jet printing. A rotary freestanding TENG is applied as the high‐voltage power source for generating stable ink droplet ejection. The TENG‐driven droplet generation and ejection process and printed features with varied operation parameters are investigated. Results reveal that the jetting frequency could be controlled by the TENG's operation frequency, and high‐resolution printing with feature size smaller than nozzle size is achieved using the setup. Notably, TENG as the power source for e‐jet printing supplies a limited amount of current, which leads to better safety for both equipment and personnel compared to conventional high‐voltage power supplies. With the superiority of TENG in the sense of safety and cost, the work presents a promising solution for the next‐generation of high‐resolution printed electronics and broadens the scope of TENG application.
Metal‐Free Oxidative Annulation/Cyclization of 1,6‐Enynes for the Synthesis of 4‐Carbonylquinolines
Authors: Xia Xiao‐Feng , He Wei , Wang Dawei 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHerein we report on the development of a metal‐free oxidative annulation reaction of 1,6‐enynes, leading to 4‐carbonylquinolines by using dioxygen as a green sustainable oxidant. Key advances include the use of readily available tert‐butyl nitrite (TBN) to promote radical annulation of 1,6‐enynes and easy‐to‐handle reaction conditions. Preliminary mechanistic studies including radical capture reactions and isotope labelling experiments are also conducted.magnified image
Chemical Dopants on Edge of Holey Graphene Accelerate Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Kumatani Akichika , Miura Chiho , Kuramochi Hirotaka , Ohto Tatsuhiko , Wakisaka Mitsuru , Nagata Yuki , Ida Hiroki , Takahashi Yasufumi , Hu Kailong , Jeong Samuel , Fujita Jun‐ichi , Matsue Tomokazu , Ito Yoshikazu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCarbon‐based metal‐free catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are essential for the development of a sustainable hydrogen society. Identification of the active sites in heterogeneous catalysis is key for the rational design of low‐cost and efficient catalysts. Here, by fabricating holey graphene with chemically dopants, the atomic‐level mechanism for accelerating HER by chemical dopants is unveiled, through elemental mapping with atomistic characterizations, scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. It is found that the synergetic effects of two important factors—edge structure of graphene and nitrogen/phosphorous codoping—enhance HER activity. SECCM evidences that graphene edges with chemical dopants are electrochemically very active. Indeed, DFT calculation suggests that the pyridinic nitrogen atom could be the catalytically active sites. The HER activity is enhanced due to phosphorus dopants, because phosphorus dopants promote the charge accumulations on the catalytically active nitrogen atoms. These findings pave a path for engineering the edge structure of graphene in graphene‐based catalysts.
Second Skin Enabled by Advanced Electronics
Authors: Oh Jin Young , Bao Zhenan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractElectronic second skin is touted as the next interface to expand applications of electronics for natural and seamless interactions with humans to enable smart health care, the Internet of Things, and even to amplify human sensory abilities. Thus, electronic materials are now being actively investigated to construct “second skin.” Accordingly, electronic devices are desirable to have skin‐like properties such as stretchability, self‐healing ability, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. This work reviews recent major progress in the development of both electronic materials and devices toward the second skin. It is concluded with comments on future research directions of the field.
Difluoromethylation of Tosylhydrazone Compounds with Chlorodifluoromethane under Mild Conditions
Authors: Yu Changjiang , Su Jianke , Ma Xingxing , Zhou Yao , Song Qiuling 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAn effective protocol for the difluoromethylation of tosylhydrazone compounds under mild conditions is disclosed via a transition‐metal‐free pathway; ClCF2H is almost quantitatively converted under the set conditions. In this transformation, the process in which tosylhydrazones are decomposed to lead to diazo species has been completely suppressed. This transformation enables tosylhydrazones as efficient difluorocarbene scavengers and the corresponding difluoromethylated products were obtained in good yields with high functional‐group tolerance.
The importance of scale in comparative microbiome research: New insights from the gut and glands of captive and wild lemurs
Authors: Greene Lydia K. , Bornbusch Sally L. , McKenney Erin A. , Harris Rachel L. , Gorvetzian Sarah R. , Yoder Anne D. , Drea Christine M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractResearch on animal microbiomes is increasingly aimed at determining the evolutionary and ecological factors that govern host–microbiome dynamics, which are invariably intertwined and potentially synergistic. We present three empirical studies related to this topic, each of which relies on the diversity of Malagasy lemurs (representing a total of 19 species) and the comparative approach applied across scales of analysis. In Study 1, we compare gut microbial membership across 14 species in the wild to test the relative importance of host phylogeny and feeding strategy in mediating microbiome structure. Whereas host phylogeny strongly predicted community composition, the same feeding strategies shared by distant relatives did not produce convergent microbial consortia, but rather shaped microbiomes in host lineage‐specific ways, particularly in folivores. In Study 2, we compare 14 species of wild and captive folivores, frugivores, and omnivores, to highlight the importance of captive populations for advancing gut microbiome research. We show that the perturbational effect of captivity is mediated by host feeding strategy and can be mitigated, in part, by modified animal management. In Study 3, we examine various scent‐gland microbiomes across three species in the wild or captivity and show them to vary by host species, sex, body site, and a proxy of social status. These rare data provide support for the bacterial fermentation hypothesis in olfactory signal production and implicate steroid hormones as mediators of microbial community structure. We conclude by discussing the role of scale in comparative microbial studies, the links between feeding strategy and host–microbiome coadaptation, the underappreciated benefits of captive populations for advancing conservation research, and the need to consider the entirety of an animal's microbiota. Ultimately, these studies will help move the field from exploratory to hypothesis‐driven research.
Three‐dimensional analysis of sexual dimorphism in ribcage kinematics of modern humans
Authors: García‐Martínez Daniel , Bastir Markus , Torres‐Tamayo Nicole , O'Higgins Paul , Torres‐Sánchez Isabel , García‐Río Francisco , Heuzé Yann 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectivesSexual dimorphism is an important biological factor underlying morphological variation in the human skeleton. Previous research found sex‐related differences in the static ribcage, with males having more horizontally oriented ribs and a wider lower ribcage than females. Furthermore, a recent study found sex‐related differences in the kinematics of the human lungs, with cranio‐caudal movements of the caudal part of the lungs accounting for most of the differences between sexes. However, these movements cannot be quantified in the skeletal ribcage, so we do not know if the differences observed in the lungs are also reflected in sex differences in the motion of the skeletal thorax.Materials and methodsTo address this issue, we quantified the morphological variation of 42 contemporary human ribcages (sex‐balanced) in both maximal inspiration and expiration using 526 landmarks and semilandmarks. Thoracic centroid size differences between sexes were assessed using a t test, and shape differences were assessed using Procrustes shape coordinates, through mean comparisons and dummy regressions of shape on kinematic status. A principal components analysis was used to explore the full range of morphological variation.ResultsOur results show significant size differences between males and females both in inspiration and expiration (p < .01) as well as significant shape differences, with males deforming more than females during inspiration, especially in the mediolateral dimension of the lower ribcage. Finally, dummy regressions of shape on kinematic status showed a small but statistically significant difference in vectors of breathing kinematics between males and females (14.78°; p < .01).DiscussionWe support that sex‐related differences in skeletal ribcage kinematics are discernible, even when soft tissues are not analyzed. We hypothesize that this differential breathing pattern is primarily a result of more pronounced diaphragmatic breathing in males, which might relate to differences in body composition, metabolism, and ultimately greater oxygen demand in males compared to females. Future research should further explore the links between ribcage morphological variation and basal metabolic rate.
Evaluierung der Reaktionsbedingungs‐basierten Sensitivität chemischer Transformationen
Authors: Pitzer Lena , Schäfers Felix , Glorius Frank 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEine systematische, nutzerfreundliche Evaluierungsmethode, die einen klaren Überblick über die Empfindlichkeit chemischer Transformationen in Bezug auf Reaktionsparameter liefert, ist höchst wünschenswert. Im Folgenden wird die Entwicklung einer solchen Methode beschrieben. Dabei ermöglicht die intuitive, standardisierte Darstellung der Ergebnisse mittels eines Radardiagramms eine schnelle Beurteilung der Sensitivität eines Protokolls. Die entwickelte Methode wird anhand fünf verschiedener photochemischer Reaktionen demonstriert und die Ergebnisse werden mit dem jeweils zugrunde liegenden Mechanismus korreliert. Die Anwendung der hier vorgestellten Evaluierung könnte dazu beitragen, die Reproduzierbarkeit und damit auch die breitere Akzeptanz neuer Synthesemethoden zu steigern.
Formation and Functioning of Bimetallic Nanocatalysts: The Power of X‐ray Probes
Authors: Filez Matthias , Redekop Evgeniy A. , Dendooven Jolien , Ramachandran Ranjith K. , Solano Eduardo , Olsbye Unni , Weckhuysen Bert M. , Galvita Vladimir V. , Poelman Hilde , Detavernier Christophe , Marin Guy B. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBimetallic nanocatalysts are key enablers of current chemical technologies, including car exhaust converters and fuel cells, and play a crucial role in industry to promote a wide range of chemical reactions. However, owing to significant characterization challenges, insights in the dynamic phenomena that shape and change the working state of the catalyst await further refinement. Herein, we discuss the atomic‐scale processes leading to mono‐ and bimetallic nanoparticle formation and highlight the dynamics and kinetics of lifetime changes in bimetallic catalysts with showcase examples for Pt‐based systems. We discuss how in situ and operando X‐ray spectroscopy, scattering, and diffraction can be used as a complementary toolbox to interrogate the working principles of today's and tomorrow's bimetallic nanocatalysts.
Bacteria‐Based Production of Thiol‐Clickable, Genetically Encoded Lipid Nanovesicles
Authors: Royes Jorge , Ilioaia Oana , Lubart Quentin , Angius Federica , Dubacheva Galina V. , Bally Marta , Miroux Bruno , Tribet Christophe 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDespite growing research efforts on the preparation of (bio)functional liposomes, synthetic capsules cannot reach the densities of protein loading and the control over peptide display that is achieved by natural vesicles. Herein, a microbial platform for high‐yield production of lipidic nanovesicles with clickable thiol moieties in their outer corona is reported. These nanovesicles show low size dispersity, are decorated with a dense, perfectly oriented, and customizable corona of transmembrane polypeptides. Furthermore, this approach enables encapsulation of soluble proteins into the nanovesicles. Due to the mild preparation and loading conditions (absence of organic solvents, pH gradients, or detergents) and their straightforward surface functionalization, which takes advantage of the diversity of commercially available maleimide derivatives, bacteria‐based proteoliposomes are an attractive eco‐friendly alternative that can outperform currently used liposomes.
Enhanced Circularly Polarized Luminescence in Emissive Charge‐Transfer Complexes
Authors: Han Jianlei , Yang Dong , Jin Xue , Jiang Yuqian , Liu Minghua , Duan Pengfei 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAchieving a large dissymmetry factor (glum) is a challenge in the field of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). A chiral charge‐transfer (CT) system consisting of chiral electron donor and achiral electron acceptor shows bright circularly polarized emission with large glum value. The chiral emissive CT complexes could be fabricated through various approaches, such as grinding, crystallization, spin coating, and gelatinization, by simply blending chiral donor and achiral acceptor. The structural synergy originating from π–π stacking and strong CT interactions resulted in the long‐range ordered self‐assembly, enabling the formation of supramolecular gels. Benefiting from the large magnetic dipole transition moment in the CT state, the CPL activity of CT complexes exhibited large circular polarization. Our design strategy of the chiral emissive CT complexes is expected to help the development of new molecular engineering strategies for designing highly efficient CPL‐active materials.
Two‐Dimensional Layered Zinc Silicate Nanosheets with Excellent Photocatalytic Performance for Organic Pollutant Degradation and CO2 Conversion
Authors: Wang Lan , Bahnemann Detlef W. , Bian Liang , Dong Guohui , Zhao Jie , Wang Chuanyi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) photocatalysts are highly attractive for their great potential in environmental remediation and energy conversion. Herein, we report a novel layered zinc silicate (LZS) photocatalyst synthesized by a liquid‐phase epitaxial growth route using silica derived from vermiculite, a layered silicate clay mineral, as both the lattice‐matched substrate and Si source. The epitaxial growth of LZS is limited in the 2D directions, thus generating the vermiculite‐type crystal structure and ultrathin nanosheet morphology with thicknesses of 8–15 nm and a lateral size of about 200 nm. Experimental observations and DFT calculations indicated that LZS has a superior band alignment for the degradation of organic pollutants and reduction of CO2 to CO. The material exhibited efficient photocatalytic performance for 4‐chlorophenol (4‐CP) degradation and CO2 conversion into CO and is the first example of a claylike 2D photocatalyst with strong photooxidation and photoreduction capabilities.
Imitation‐mussel‐based high‐performance conductive coating on hydrophobic fabric for thermochromic application
Authors: Wang Hao , Yue Lina , Wang Xiaowei , Deng Meigui , Sun Yingjuan , Gao Ming 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTOn the basis of mussel inspiration, a common and low‐cost method for preparing a high‐performance poly‐3,4‐ethylene dioxythiophene (PEDOT) coating was proposed. First, cheap imitation‐mussel tannin–iron materials with universal adhesion properties were used as a modified coating on hydrophobic polypropylene nonwoven fabric. Because of the excellent wettability and ion chelating properties of the modified coating, a high‐performance PEDOT coating was successfully prepared later without complicated and expensive equipment. The PEDOT coating, with a conductivity of above 50 S/cm, could successfully realize the electric–thermal conversion at an appropriate current, and then, an obvious thermochromic effect on a pattern occurred; this is the key to achieving the functional textiles. The role of the artificial mussel adhesion materials in the modified coating were analyzed and are discussed. The results of this study provide new insight into preparing highly conductive coatings at low cost with potential practical applications in many fields. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47751.
The impact of fisheries management practices on the survival of the Yangtze finless porpoise in China
Authors: Mei Zhigang , Han Yi , Dong Lijun , Turvey Samuel T. , Hao Yujiang , Wang Kexiong , Wang Ding 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

The Critically Endangered Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis) is facing a significant threat from illegal fishing in Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake, and current fisheries management has proved insufficient to eliminate illegal fishing.
A survey of local communities around the two lakes was conducted to investigate fishing activities and their potential impacts. Using a series of six scenarios derived from our data, we suggest that enhanced daytime patrols may have driven fishers to conduct compensatory night‐time fishing when the patrols are absent. Night‐time fishing activities overlap temporally with the main period of Yangtze finless porpoise foraging, so the potential intensification of night‐time fishing with the use of illegal gears could pose an increased threat to porpoises.
In addition to increasing law enforcement management efforts, helping fishers to secure alternative livelihoods may provide a more practical and sustainable long‐term method for reducing illegal fishing and its impacts on porpoises. This study also provides important lessons for conservation policy‐making and implementation for other cetacean species threatened by illegal fishing.
Globally exponentially stable attitude observer with Earth velocity estimation
Authors: Batista Pedro , Silvestre Carlos , Oliveira Paulo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a novel observer for attitude estimation based on a triad of high‐grade rate gyros aided by a body‐fixed vector measurement of a constant inertial vector, departing from the majority of solutions that consider at least two of these vectors. A cascade approach is proposed, where the first block estimates a vector that is related to the angular velocity of the Earth and a second block estimates the attitude. While the topological characteristics are relaxed in the attitude observer so that global exponential stability is achieved, an additional stage is also devised that yields estimates directly on the special orthogonal group, preserving global convergence of the estimation error. Simulation results with realistic sensor noise were performed, including extensive Monte Carlo runs. These results illustrate the convergence of the proposed solution, as well as the achievable performance and robustness to sensor noise.
Feasibility study of Ulva sp. (Chlorophyta) intensive cultivation in a coastal area of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Chemodanov Alexander , Robin Arthur , Jinjikhashvily Gabriel , Yitzhak Dror , Liberzon Alexander , Israel Alvaro , Golberg Alexander 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIncreasing biomass production yields is a critical challenge for macroalgae biorefineries. The continuous tumbling and mixing of free‐floating algae through water or airflow has been shown to increase the productivity of algae in land‐based cultivation systems. This approach has not been tested thoroughly in offshore cultivation. We report, here, a field feasibility study on the increase in green macroalga Ulva sp. growth rates in offshore cages, achieved by the combined effect of tumbling and mixing of the algae using influxes of water and air. The experimental system was tested in a shallow coastal area in central Israel, in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. A maximum daily growth rate of 19.2%, areal productivity of 33.72 g dry weight (DW) day−1 m−2, and volumetric yields of 37.78 g DW day−1 m−3, together with 38.47 ± 0.01% ash and 5.28% protein content on a dry matter basis were achieved in the cages with intensified cultivation in the first week of May 2017. Our study shows that cultivation with tumbling and mixing of biomass with air, and water exchange with the environment is a feasible method to increase Ulva sp. biomass productivity offshore. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Real‐time monitoring and model‐based prediction of purity and quantity during a chromatographic capture of fibroblast growth factor 2
Authors: Sauer Dominik Georg , Melcher Michael , Mosor Magdalena , Walch Nicole , Berkemeyer Matthias , Scharl‐Hirsch Theresa , Leisch Friedrich , Jungbauer Alois , Dürauer Astrid 
Published: April 2019

AbstractProcess analytical technology combines understanding and control of the process with real‐time monitoring of critical quality and performance attributes. The goal is to ensure the quality of the final product. Currently, chromatographic processes in biopharmaceutical production are predominantly monitored with UV/Vis absorbance and a direct correlation with purity and quantity is limited. In this study, a chromatographic workstation was equipped with additional online sensors, such as multi‐angle light scattering, refractive index, attenuated total reflection Fourier‐transform infrared, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Models to predict quantity, host cell proteins (HCP), and double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) content simultaneously were developed and exemplified by a cation exchange capture step for fibroblast growth factor 2 expressed in Escherichia coliOnline data and corresponding offline data for product quantity and co‐eluting impurities, such as dsDNA and HCP, were analyzed using boosted structured additive regression. Different sensor combinations were used to achieve the best prediction performance for each quality attribute. Quantity can be adequately predicted by applying a small predictor set of the typical chromatographic workstation sensor signals with a test error of 0.85 mg/ml (range in training data: 0.1–28 mg/ml). For HCP and dsDNA additional fluorescence and/or attenuated total reflection Fourier‐transform infrared spectral information was important to achieve prediction errors of 200 (2–6579 ppm) and 340 ppm (8–3773 ppm), respectively.