bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Re‐evaluation of Factors Controlling the Nature of Complementary Hydrogen‐Bonded Networks
Authors: Backhouse Oliver J. , Thacker Joseph C. R. , Popelier Paul L. A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe energy profiles of hydrogen‐bonded heterocyclic aromatics have been decomposed into atomistic energy contributions using the Interacting Quantum Atoms (IQA) method. The resulting energy contributions have been sequenced by the Relative Energy Gradient (REG) approach to determine their influence upon the shape of these energy profiles. The results show inadequacies in Jorgensen's secondary interaction hypothesis (SIH). A novel method of finding a condensed analogy for the interaction between the molecules is presented. The findings of this work further doubt the validity of the SIH, and reinforce previous warnings against its misguided use.
Prioritization of landscape connectivity for the conservation of Peary caribou
Authors: Mallory Conor D. , Boyce Mark S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAdequate connectivity between discontinuous habitat patches is crucial for the persistence of metapopulations across space and time. Loss of landscape connectivity is often a direct result of fragmentation caused by human activities but also can be caused indirectly through anthropogenic climate change. Peary caribou (Rangifer tarandus pearyi) are widely dispersed across the islands of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and rely on sea ice to move seasonally between island habitats throughout their range. Seasonal connectivity provided by sea ice is necessary to maintain genetic diversity and to facilitate dispersal and recolonization of areas from which caribou have been extirpated. We used least‐cost path analysis and circuit theory to model connectivity across Peary caribou range, and future climate projections to investigate how this connectivity might be affected by a warming climate. Further, we used measures of current flow centrality to estimate the role of High Arctic islands in maintaining connectivity between Peary caribou populations and to identify and prioritize those islands and linkages most important for conservation. Our results suggest that the Bathurst Island complex plays a critical role in facilitating connectivity between Peary caribou populations. Large islands, including Banks, Victoria, and Ellesmere have limited roles in connecting Peary caribou. Without rigorous greenhouse gas emission reductions our projections indicate that by 2100 all connectivity between the more southern Peary caribou populations will be lost for important spring and early‐winter movement periods. Continued connectivity across the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, and possibly Peary caribou persistence, ultimately hinges on global commitments to limit climate change. Our research highlights priority areas where, in addition to emission reductions, conservation efforts to maintain connectivity would be most effective.
Rain shadow effects of individual shrub related to crown shape in arid desert
Authors: Zhao Yang , Zhang Zhi‐Shan , Tan Hui‐Juan , Hu Yi‐Gang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRain shadow effects of individual shrubs (RSEISs) during wind‐influenced rain events influence the redistribution of net rainfall, which is especially important in water‐limited ecosystems. Two shrub species, Caragana korshinskii, which has an inverted conical shape and large crown size, and Artemisia ordosica, which has a hemispheroidal shape and small crown size, were selected for study in the southeast edge of the Tengger Desert of Northern China. Throughfall was measured at 12 different positions around each shrub (four distances from the trunk in each of three directions) during each of the 210 rain events occurring over a 10‐year period; wind speed during each rain event and various crown properties of the shrubs were also measured. RSEISs were quantified using coefficient of variation of throughfall. Thoughfall was most variable for C. korshinskii near the trunk and under the crown, and for A. ordosica, at the edge of the crown and within the space between plants. The coefficient of variation in thoughfall at each distance from the trunk (CVDistance) for C. korshinskii positively related to plant height and the plant area index (PAI; p < 0.05), whereas the CVDistance for A. ordosica was positively related to height, PAI, crown area, and volume (p < 0.01). RSEISs were structured by interspecific crown shape rather than crown size and branch density of a given plant. In conclusion, RSEIS lead to different local hydrologic budgets, which may have relevant implications in maintenance of the patchy pattern of vegetation in water‐limited ecosystems.
How to combine two methods to restore populations cost effectively
Authors: Lampert Adam , Hastings Alan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractEcosystems worldwide have become degraded due to global change, and therefore, restoration of these ecosystems is critical for the prolonged provision of ecosystem services. Specifically, major restoration efforts are directed toward the restoration of key species that provide important services and functions. There are often several alternative methods to restore a species population, such as the reintroduction of its individuals, improvement of its habitat quality, and removal of competing invasive species. However, these methods can be expensive, and hence, it is important to determine how to cost effectively combine them over time. In this paper, we use optimal control theory and we find a general rule of thumb for combining two restoration methods. The general rule, which applies to a wide variety of ecosystems, is that cost‐effective restoration entails one of the following two strategies: (1) using a single method until the system approaches a “restoration threshold” or (2) combining both methods to approach an “investment benchmark,” which is a certain configuration of the system that does not depend on the system's initial state. After either the restoration threshold or the investment benchmark has been approached, investment should stop and the system should be left to recover naturally. Therefore, finding the restoration threshold and the investment benchmark is key for guiding effective restoration, and we demonstrate a simple method for finding them.
Effect of storage time on antioxidant activity and inhibition on α‐Amylase and α‐Glucosidase of white tea
Authors: Xu Ping , Chen Lin , Wang Yuefei 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWhite tea is considered as a special kind of tea not only for its simplest process, but also for its endurable storage. However, little studies have been done about the changes of white tea with increasing aging time, including its composition and health‐imparting effects. In the present work, white tea aged 1 year (WT‐1), 3 years (WT‐3), and 5 years (WT‐5) were collected. Their major chemical compounds, antioxidant activities, and inhibitory effects on α‐Amylase and α‐Glucosidase were evaluated. Results showed that white tea of different storage time showed good antioxidant activity in DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assay, which decreases with the prolongation of storage time. The inhibitory effects on α‐Amylase and α‐Glucosidase which are key enzymes related to type II diabetes in vitro, are also observed in the similar trend. Meanwhile, prolongation of storage time decreased the content of polyphenols, the main bioactive compounds in tea, which may lead to decrease in the activities investigated.
Evolution of a Mesoarchean suprasubduction zone mantle wedge in the Dharwar Craton, southern India: Evidence from petrology, geochemistry, zircon U–Pb geochronology, and Lu–Hf isotopes
Authors: Han Yue‐Sheng , Santosh M. , Ganguly Sohini , Li Shan‐Shan 
Published: January 2019

Petrological, geochemical, and zircon U–Pb geochronological features of Archean ultramafic–mafic complexes formed in subduction‐related settings provide significant insights into mantle source and geodynamic processes associated with subduction–accretion‐collision events in the early Earth. Here, we investigate a suite of serpentinized dunite, dunite, pyroxenite, and clinopyroxenite from an ultramafic complex along the collisional suture between the Western Dharwar Craton (WDC) and the Central Dharwar Craton (CDC) in southern India. We present petrology, mineral chemistry, zircon U–Pb geochronology, rare earth element (REE), Lu–Hf isotopes, and whole‐rock geochemistry including major, trace element, and platinum‐group element (PGE) data with a view to investigate the magmatic and metasomatic processes in the subduction zone. Mineral chemistry data from chromite associated with the serpentinised ultramafic rocks show distinct characteristics of arc‐related melt. Zircon U–Pb data from the ultramafic suite define different age populations, with the oldest ages at 2.9 Ga, and the dominant age population showing a range of 2.8–2.6 Ga. The early Paleoproterozoic (ca. 2.4 Ga) metamorphic age is considered to mark the timing of collision of the two WDC and CDC. Zircon REE patterns suggest the involvement continental crust components in the magma source. Zircon Lu–Hf analysis yields both positive and negative εHf(t) values from −3.9 to 1.5 with Hf‐depleted model ages (TDM) of 3,041–3,366 Ma for serpentinised dunite and −0.2–2.0 and 2,833–2,995 Ma for pyroxenite, suggesting that the magma was sourced from depleted mantle and was contaminated with the ancient continental crust. Geochemical data show low MgO/SiO2 values and elevated Al2O3/TiO2 ratios, implying subduction‐related setting. The serpentinized dunites and dunites show mild LREE enrichment over HREE, with relatively higher abundance of LILE (Ba, Sr) and depletion in HFSE (Nb, Zr), suggesting fluid–rock interaction, melt impregnation, and refertilization processes. The PGE data suggest olivine, chromite, and sulphide fractionations associated with subduction processes. Our study on the Mesoarchean to Neoarchean ultramafic complex provides important insights to reconstruct the history of the crust–mantle interaction in an Archean suprasubduction zone mantle wedge.
Transient states of network connectivity are atypical in autism: A dynamic functional connectivity study
Authors: Mash Lisa E. , Linke Annika C. , Olson Lindsay A. , Fishman Inna , Liu Thomas T. , Müller Ralph‐Axel 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThere is ample evidence of atypical functional connectivity (FC) in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). However, transient relationships between neural networks cannot be captured by conventional static FC analyses. Dynamic FC (dFC) approaches have been used to identify repeating, transient connectivity patterns (“states”), revealing spatiotemporal network properties not observable in static FC. Recent studies have found atypical dFC in ASDs, but questions remain about the nature of group differences in transient connectivity, and the degree to which states persist or change over time. This study aimed to: (a) describe and relate static and dynamic FC in typical development and ASDs, (b) describe group differences in transient states and compare them with static FC patterns, and (c) examine temporal stability and flexibility between identified states. Resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were collected from 62 ASD and 57 typically developing (TD) children and adolescents. Whole‐brain, data‐driven regions of interest were derived from group independent component analysis. Sliding window analysis and k‐means clustering were used to explore dFC and identify transient states. Across all regions, static overconnnectivity and increased variability over time in ASDs predominated. Furthermore, significant patterns of group differences emerged in two transient states that were not observed in the static FC matrix, with group differences in one state primarily involving sensory and motor networks, and in the other involving higher‐order cognition networks. Default mode network segregation was significantly reduced in ASDs in both states. Results highlight that dynamic approaches may reveal more nuanced transient patterns of atypical FC in ASDs.
Technocratic recentralization in the French health care system: A critical evaluation
Authors: Simonet Daniel 
Published: January 2019

SummaryThe French health care system implemented several corporate management recipes such as diagnostic‐related groups (DRGs), benchmarking, and activity‐based management in a bid to restore fiscal discipline and to “reassert the center.” The government also regrouped health policy decisions with the Regional Health Agencies and opted for a top‐down line of command to ensure policy implementation. Though reforms emphasized evidenced‐based policy and outputs measurement, outcomes were below expectations in many areas and led to a shift in values. Professional autonomy and patient engagement receded. This leads us to a critical evaluation of the French audit society.
Moving into tummy time, together: Touch and transitions aid parent confidence and infant development
Authors: Palmer Carolyn F. , Rindler Daniel , Leverone Barbara 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT“Back to sleep” messages can reduce prone practice for infants, with potential for motor delay and cranial deformation. Despite recommendations for “tummy time,” young infants fuss in prone, and parents report uncertainty about how to help infants tolerate prone positioning. We hypothesized that a Child'Space Method lesson, teaching proprioceptive touch and transitions to prone, would facilitate prone tolerance, parent behavioral support, and parent self‐efficacy. This randomized study recruited parents (N = 37) of 2‐ to 5‐month‐old infants. On two visits, parents answered questions about infant behavior and parent experience, and played with their infant. Lesson group parents had the lesson following the first free play. One week later, lesson parents reported that infants tolerated more prone time and that parents showed more supportive behaviors in bringing infant to prone, as compared to waiting parents. Lesson parents’ efficacy, and infant behavior during play, trended in the hypothesized direction. The study demonstrated how a lesson in preparatory touch, and gradual transitions, promoted infant prone tolerance and also parent support of rolling, side‐lying, and prone positioning. The lesson could be incorporated in parent education and early pediatric visits, helping infants and parents negotiate the prone challenge and setting the stage for further parent support of infant development.
Utilization of vasopressin before and after protocol implementation in a surgical intensive care unit
Authors: Smith Susan E. , Rumbaugh Kelli A. 
Published: January 2019

IntroductionVasopressin is recommended for management of septic shock refractory to fluid challenge and norepinephrine. Controversy exists over when to add vasopressin to norepinephrine treatment. Due to the rising cost of vasopressin and the lack of mortality benefit, the surgical intensive care unit (SICU) at Vanderbilt University Medical Center implemented a protocol for vasopressin use with the purpose of decreasing utilization and cost.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to characterize vasopressin utilization and evaluate adherence to this protocol.MethodsThrough a retrospective, observational analysis, adult patients admitted to the SICU who received vasopressin during the 11 months before and after protocol implementation in August 2015 were identified. The primary outcome was vasopressin usage per patient. Secondary outcomes included norepinephrine use, vasopressin cost, and protocol adherence.ResultsDuring the pre‐ and post‐protocol periods, 144 of 1788 admitted patients (8%) and 119 of 1845 admitted patients (6%) received vasopressin, respectively. The total duration of vasopressin infusion during hospitalization was similar before and after protocol implementation (20 vs 18 hours, P = 0.526), but vasopressin was both added and discontinued when norepinephrine was infusing at a higher rate (added at 12 vs 18 mcg/min, P < 0.001; discontinued at 0.5 vs 6.0 mcg/min, P < 0.001). Norepinephrine was infused for a longer duration post protocol implementation (31 vs 57 hours, P < 0.001). After implementation, a protocol violation occurred in 59 patients (50%); however, 59% of these were related to vasopressin initiation in the operating room. Thirty‐two patients (27%) experienced a SICU‐related violation, with the most common type being discontinuation of norepinephrine prior to vasopressin.ConclusionImplementation of a vasopressin utilization protocol in a SICU resulted in more selective usage of vasopressin and a similar duration of infusion when it was utilized. Protocol adherence was nearly 75%, exposing some opportunities for continued education and improvement.
The establishment and biological assessment of a whole tissue‐engineered intervertebral disc with PBST fibers and a chitosan hydrogel in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Yuan Dechao , Chen Zhu , Xiang Xiaocong , Deng Shang , Liu Kang , Xiao Donqin , Deng Li , Feng Gang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD) is the main cause of low back pain in the clinic. In the advanced stage of IDD, both cell transplantation and gene therapy have obvious limitations. At this stage, tissue‐engineered IVDs (TE‐IVDs) provide new hope for the treatment of this disease. We aimed to construct a TE‐IVD with a relatively complete structure. The inner annulus fibrosus (AF) was constructed using poly (butylene succinate‐co‐terephthalate) copolyester (PBST) electrospun fibers, and the outer AF consisted of solid PBST. The nucleus pulposus (NP) scaffold was constructed using a chitosan hydrogel, as reported in our previous research. The three components were assembled in vitro, and the mechanical properties were analyzed. AF and NP cells were implanted on the corresponding scaffolds. Then, the cell‐seeded scaffolds were implanted subcutaneously in nude mice and cultured for 4 weeks; then they were removed and implanted into New Zealand white rabbits. After 4 weeks, their properties were analyzed. The PBST outer AF provided mechanical support for the whole TE‐IVD. The electrospun film and chitosan hydrogel simulated the natural structure of the IVD well. Its mechanical property could meet the requirement of the normal IVD. Four weeks later, X‐ray and MR imaging examination results suggested that the height of the intervertebral space was retained. The cells on the TE‐IVD expressed extracellular matrix, which indicated that the cells maintained their biological function. Therefore, we conclude that the whole TE‐IVD has biological and biomechanical properties to some extent, which is a promising candidate for IVD replacement therapies. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 2305–2316, 2019.
The effects of thyroid hormones on memory impairment and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Bavarsad Kowsar , Hosseini Mahmoud , Hadjzadeh Mousa‐Al‐Reza , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThyroid hormones (THs) have a wide and important range of effects within the central nervous system beginning from fetal life and continuing throughout the adult life. Thyroid disorders are one of the major causes of cognitive impairment including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Several studies in recent years have indicated an association between hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism and AD. Despite available evidence for this association, it remains unclear whether thyroid dysfunction results from or contributes to the progression of AD. This review discusses the role of THs in learning and memory and summarizes the studies that have linked thyroid function and AD. Eventually, we elaborate how THs may be effective in treating AD by putting forward potential mechanisms.
Caregivers' perception of and experience with variants of uncertain significance from whole exome sequencing for children with undiagnosed conditions
Authors: Li Xin , Nusbaum Rachel , Smith‐Hicks Constance , Jamal Leila , Dixon Shannan , Mahida Sonal 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDespite its promising diagnostic yield, whole exome sequencing (WES) frequently introduces variant(s) of uncertain significance (VUS), which have been speculated to cause parental stress and anxiety. This study aimed to explore the psychosocial impact of receiving a VUS from pediatric WES on caregivers and to identify implications for clinical practice. Fourteen telephone interviews were conducted with parents or legal guardians who received VUS results from their child's WES to assess their understanding of the result, affective responses, perceived impact, and adaptation. Our content analysis showed that most participants had a good understanding of the purpose of the test and the majority of them recalled the result category. Most participants deemed the result had no impact thus far on their perception of their child's condition. However, one participant reported feelings of fear related to the VUS. Most participants experienced a range of emotions from receiving the result. The majority of participants reported that this result did not significantly alter their child's care or their ability to take care of their child, and three participants reported empowerment. Additionally, several participants expressed an interest in research studies and peer support groups dedicated to families with a VUS identified on WES. Our study elicited new information about the psychosocial impact of receiving a VUS from WES. This insight may help to guide pre‐ and post‐WES counseling in the future.
Variable sources of Bk virus in renal allograft recipients
Authors: Urbano Paulo Roberto P. , Nali Luiz H. da Silva , Oliveira Renato dos R , Sumita Laura M. , Fink Maria Cristina D. da Silva , Pierrotti Lígia C , Bicalho Camila da Silva , David‐Neto Elias , Pannuti Cláudio S. , Romano Camila M 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBK virus is the causative agent of polyomavirus‐associated nephropathy, a major cause of kidney transplant failure affecting 1%‐10% of recipients. Previous studies that investigated the viral source on the kidney recipient pointed that the donor is implicated in the origin of human polyomavirus BK (BKPyV) infection in recipients, but giving the low genetic variability of BKPyV this subject is still controversial. The aim of this study was to determine if BKPyV replicating in kidney recipients after transplantation is always originated from the donor. Urine and blood samples from 68 pairs of living donors and kidney recipients who underwent renal transplantation from August 2010‐September 2011 were screened for BKPyV by real time polymerase chain reaction. Only three recipients presented viremia. When both donors and recipients were BKPyV positive, a larger fragment of VP1 region was obtained and sequenced to determine the level of similarity between them. A phylogenetic tree was built for the 12 pairs of sequences obtained from urine and high level of similarity among all sequences was observed, indicating that homology inferences for donor and recipient viruses must be cautiously interpreted. However, a close inspection on the donor‐recipient pairs sequences revealed that 3 of 12 pairs presented considerably different viruses and 4 of 12 presented mixed infection, indicating that the source of BKPyV infection is not exclusively derived from the donor. We report that about 60% of the renal recipients shed BKPyV genetically distinct from the donor, confronting the accepted concept that the donor is the main source of recipients’ infection.