bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new genus and tribe of freshwater mussel (Unionidae) from Southeast Asia
Authors: Bolotov Ivan N. , Pfeiffer John M. , Konopleva Ekaterina S. , Vikhrev Ilya V. , Kondakov Alexander V. , Aksenova Olga V. , Gofarov Mikhail Yu. , Tumpeesuwan Sakboworn , Win Than 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe freshwater mussel genus Oxynaia Haas, 1911 is thought to be comprised of two geographically disjunct and morphologically variable species groups but the monophyly of this taxon has yet to be tested in any modern cladistic sense. This generic hypothesis has important systematic and biogeographic implications as Oxynaia is the type genus of the currently recognized tribe Oxynaiini (Parreysiinae) and is one of the few genera thought to cross several biogeographically important barriers in Southeast Asia. Morphological and molecular data clearly demonstrate that Oxynaia is not monophyletic, and the type species and its allies (O. jourdyi group) belong to the Unioninae, and more specifically as members of the genus Nodularia Conrad, 1853. Therefore, neither Oxynaiasyn. nov. nor Oxynaiini Starobogatov, 1970 are applicable to the Parreysiinae and in the absence of an available name, Indochinellagen. nov. and Indochinellini trib. nov. are described. Several combinations are proposed as follows: Indochinella pugio (Benson, 1862) gen. et comb. nov., Nodularia jourdyi (Morlet, 1886) comb. res., N. gladiator (Ancey, 1881) comb. res., N. diespiter (Mabille, 1887) comb. res. and N. micheloti (Morlet, 1886) comb. res. Finally, we provide an updated freshwater biogeographic division of Southeast Asia.
Global assessment of early warning signs that temperature could undergo regime shifts
Authors: Chevalier Mathieu , Grenouillet Gaël 
Published: June 2018

AbstractClimate change metrics have been used to quantify the exposure of geographic areas to different facets of change and relate these facets to different threats and opportunities for biodiversity at a global scale. In parallel, a suite of indicators have been developed to detect approaching transitions between alternative stable states in ecological systems at a local scale. Here, we explore whether particular geographic areas over the world display evidence for upcoming critical transitions in the temperature regime using five Early Warning Indicators (EWIs) commonly used in the literature. Although all EWIs revealed strong spatial variations regarding the likelihood of approaching transitions we found differences regarding the strength and the distribution of trends across the world, suggesting either that different mechanisms might be at play or that EWIs differ in their ability to detect approaching transitions. Nonetheless, a composite EWI, constructed from individual EWIs, showed congruent trends in several areas and highlighted variations across latitudes, between marine and terrestrial systems and among ecoregions within systems. Although the underlying mechanisms are unclear, our results suggest that some areas over the world might change toward an alternative temperature regime in the future with potential implications for the organisms inhabiting these areas.
SSPIM: a beam shaping toolbox for structured selective plane illumination microscopy
Authors: Aakhte Mostafa , Akhlaghi Ehsan A. , Müller H.-Arno J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSelective plane illumination microscopy (SPIM) represents a preferred method in dynamic tissue imaging, because it combines high spatiotemporal resolution with low phototoxicity. The OpenSPIM system was developed to provide an accessible and flexible microscope set-up for non-specialist users. Here, we report Structured SPIM (SSPIM), which offers an open-source, user-friendly and compact toolbox for beam shaping to be applied within the OpenSPIM platform. SSPIM is able to generate digital patterns for a wide range of illumination beams including static and spherical Gaussian beams, Bessel beams and Airy beams by controlling the pattern of a Spatial Light Modulator (SLM). In addition, SSPIM can produce patterns for structured illumination including incoherent and coherent array beams and tiling for all types of the supported beams. We describe the workflow of the toolbox and demonstrate its application by comparing experimental data with simulation results for a wide range of illumination beams. Finally, the capability of SSPIM is investigated by 3D imaging of Drosophila embryos using scanned Gaussian, Bessel and array beams. SSPIM provides an accessible toolbox to generate and optimize the desired beam patterns and helps adapting the OpenSPIM system towards a wider range of biological samples.
Synergy of Physico-chemical and Biological Experiments for Developing a Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor
Authors: Singh Palwinder , Kaur Jagroop , Kaur Harpreet , Kaur Anudeep , Bhatti Rajbir 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe physiological consequences of COX-2 overexpression in the development of cancer, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases have made this enzyme a promising therapeutic target. Herein, COX-2 active site was analyzed and new molecules were designed. We identified a highly potent molecule (S)-3a with IC50 value and the selectivity for COX-2 0.6 nM and 1666, respectively. The MTD of (S)-3a was 2000 mg kg−1 and its pharmacokinetic studies in rat showed t1/2 7.5 h. This compound reversed acetic acid induced analgesia and carragennan induced inflammation by 50% and 25% in rat when used at a dose 10 mg kg−1. Mechanistically, it was found that compound (S)-3a inhibits COX-2. Overall, the combination of physico-chemical and biological experiments facilitated the development of a new lead molecule to anti-inflammatory drug.
Higher dialysate calcium concentration is associated with incident myocardial infarction among diabetic patients with low bone turnover: a longitudinal study
Authors: Tagawa Miho , Hamano Takayuki , Sueta Shinichi , Ogata Satoshi , Saito Yoshihiko 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis is a longitudinal study on 53,560 hemodialysis patients from the Japan Renal Data Registry. Predictor was D[Ca] ≥3.0 vs 2.5 mEq/L. Outcomes were the first CV events during 1-year observation period. Association of D[Ca] with CV events and effect modifications were tested using multivariate logistic regression analyses. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was a significant effect modifier for association of higher D[Ca] and myocardial infarction (MI) (OR: 1.26 (1.03–1.55) among DM and 0.86 (0.72–1.03) among non-DM, p for interaction <0.01). The effect size was not affected by further adjustment for serum albumin-corrected Ca or intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels, but was attenuated by adjustment for intradialytic change in serum Ca concentration (ΔCa) (1.16 [0.89–1.51]). Among DM, D[Ca] ≥3.0 mEq/L was significantly associated with MI in the first tertile of corrected Ca or iPTH ≤60 pg/ml (p for interaction 0.03 and 0.03, respectively). In conclusion, higher D[Ca] was associated with incident MI in DM, especially with low serum Ca or iPTH levels. Attenuation of the effect size by adjustment for ΔCa and stratified analyses suggest that larger Ca influx during dialysis with higher D[Ca] in patients suggestive of low bone turnover leads to vascular calcification and subsequent MI in DM.
High Magnesium Corrosion Rate has an Effect on Osteoclast and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Role During Bone Remodelling
Authors: Maradze Diana , Musson David , Zheng Yufeng , Cornish Jillian , Lewis Mark , Liu Yang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to gain an understanding on the collective cellular effects of magnesium (Mg) corrosion products on the behaviour of cells responsible for bone formation and remodelling. The response of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and osteoclast cells to both soluble (Mg ions) and insoluble (granule) corrosion products were recapitulated in vitro by controlling the concentration of the corrosion products. Clearance of corrosion granules by MSCs was also inspected by TEM analysis at sub-cellular level. The effect of Mg corrosion products varied depending on the state of differentiation of cells, concentration and length of exposure. The presence of the corrosion products significantly altered the cells’ metabolic and proliferative activities, which further affected cell fusion/differentiation. While cells tolerated higher than physiological range of Mg concentration (16 mM), concentrations below 10 mM were beneficial for cell growth. Furthermore, MSCs were shown to contribute to the clearance of intercellular corrosion granules, whilst high concentrations of corrosion products negatively impacted on osteoclast progenitor cell number and mature osteoclast cell function.
Sexualbezogene Online-Fortbildung für Fachkräfte: Webvideos
Authors: Döring Nicola 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungDieser Praxisbeitrag stellt verschiedene Formen von Webvideos vor und geht vor allem auf die Videoplattform YouTube ein. Er erläutert exemplarisch, welche Arten von YouTube-Videos zur sexualbezogenen Online-Fortbildung von Fachkräften nützlich sein können. Vorgestellt werden sexualbezogene Fachvorträge und Sexualberatung auf YouTube, jeweils mit unterschiedlichen thematischen Schwerpunkten. Zudem wird auf YouTube-Videos von Fachinstitutionen eingegangen und beispielhaft auf die Repräsentation von Trans* auf YouTube.
Identification of a Glycoprotein III a Dimer in Polyacrylamide Gel Separations of Human Platelet Membranes
Authors: Calvete J J , McGregor J L , Rivas G , González-Rodríguez J 
Published: June 2018

SummaryMembrane glycoproteins IIb and IIIa play a major role in human blood platelet aggregation. The absence or the severe reduction of these two membrane glycoproteins, as observed in platelets of Glanzmann’s thrombasthenic patients, is related to a lack of platelet aggregation. Separation of Glanzmann’s thrombasthenic platelet samples by two-dimensional polyacrylamide O’Farrell gels show the absence of a high and several low molecular mass glycoproteins, in addition to the loss of glycoproteins IIb and IIIa (McGregor J. L. et al. Eur. J. Biochem. 1981; 116: 379-388). The aim of this study was to identify the nature of the high molecular mass component, absent in thrombasthenic platelets. A high molecular mass glycoprotein (200 kDa), present in two-dimensional SDS-polyacrylamide O-Farrell gel separations, was recognized by a monoclonal antibody (MP37) directed against glycoprotein IIIa. Moreover, the tryptic peptide map of this high molecular mass glycoprotein was nearly identical to that of glycoprotein IIIa. These results indicate that this high molecular mass glycoprotein present in SDS-polyacrylamide gels is a dimer of glycoprotein IIIa. This work raises the possibility that the high molecular mass glycoprotein, absent in two-dimensional O’Farrell gel separations of thrombasthenic platelets, is a dimer of glycoprotein IIIa.
Abnormal Structure of von Willebrand Factor in Myeloproliferative Syndrome Is Associated to Either Thrombotic or Bleeding Diathesis
Authors: López-Fernández M F , López-Berges C , Martín R , Pardo A , Ramos F J , Batlle J 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe multimeric and subunit patterns of plasma von Willebrand factor (vWF) were analyzed in eight patients with myeloproliferative syndrome (MS) in order to investigate the possible existence of heterogeneity in the “in vivo” proteolytic cleavage of the protein, previously observed in this entity. Six patients lacked large vWF multimers, five of them having normal bleeding times (BT) and clinically documented episodes of thrombotic origin, whereas one patient had long BT and bleeding symptoms. Seven patients showed a relative increase in the 176 kDa subunit fragment while the 189 kDa polypeptide was increased in only one. In addition, another patient (and prior to any therapy) showed the presence of a new fragment of approximately 95 kDa which disappeared after Busulfan therapy. The collection of blood from these patients with proteinase inhibitors did not correct the abnormalities.The infusion of DDAVP to two patients with abnormal vWF was accompanied by: the appearance of larger vWF multimers which disappeared rapidly from plasma; an increase in the relative proportion of the satellite bands of each multimer and a further increase of the 176 kDa fragment. These data point to some heterogeneity in the vWF abnormality present in MS which may be related in part to a variable degree of proteolysis of vWF occurring “in vivo” rather than “in vitro”, and which may be associated to either a thrombotic or a bleeding diathesis. They also suggest that despite the presence of abnormal, already proteolyzed vWF, DDAVP-enhanced proteolysis occurs in MS to a similar extent to what is described in normal individuals.
The Platelet Volume Distribution: A Signature of the Prethrombotic State in Coronary Heart Disease?
Authors: Trowbridge E A , Martin J F 
Published: June 2018

SummaryA coronary care unit population of 175 consecutive patients was studied. A clinical diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction was made in 103 cases (MI group) while 72 had chest pain, ECG indications of myocardial ischaemia, but no other clinical signs of acute myocardial infarction (control group). Based on bivariate Gaussian statistics the MI group could be divided in two groups, with respect to the platelet parameters of count and volume. The majority (65%) had large mean platelet volume and low count, while the remainder were indistinguishable from the control group. Patients with a large mean platelet volume also had significantly different volume distributions when assessed for volume dispersion, asymmetry and convexity. It is argued that this platelet volume distribution provides a signature for the prethrombotic state in ischaemic heart disease. Identification of such a platelet signature in a patient with coronary artery disease may allow appropriate prophylactic action to be taken and reduce the risk of subsequent acute myocardial infarction.
Activation of Purified Prothrombin in Ammonium Sulfate Solutions: Purification of Autoprothrombin C
Authors: Seegers W. H , Heene D. L , Marciniak Ewa 
Published: June 2018

SummaryFor the generation of autoprothrombin C activity from prothrombin preparations in concentrated ammonium sulfate solution the optimum conditions were found to be near 2 M at pH 7. In addition to thrombin and autoprothrombin C an inhibitor was obtained. Methods were developed to obtain the autoprothrombin C consistently with a specific activity of about 4,700 units per mg protein, and a yield of one mg per liter of bovine plasma. At an intermediate stage of purification the stability of autoprothrombin C was far better than in the final product which lost activity even by simple freezing and thawing. Preservation of activity in 50% glycerol solutions at pH 7.2 was found to be the most convenient procedure. The alterations produced in purified prothrombin with DEAE cellulose chromatography are discussed with respect to possible significance for thrombin and autoprothrombin C.
Studies on the Mechanism whereby Platelets are Clumped by Adenosine Diphosphate
Authors: Spaet Th. H , Lejnieks Ilze 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe effect of platelets on C14-labeled adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was studied. It was found that :1. A small amount of radioactive ADP in platelet-rich plasma became irreversibly bound to platelets, but on extraction radioactivity was found as a conversion mixture of adenine nucleotides resembling that in the platelet pool. Red cells showed similar binding and conversion, but only platelets were clumped by ADP. Nucleotides with little or no clumping activity (ATP, AMP and adenosine) bound to platelets and red cells in a manner similar to that of ADP, and they also yielded similar intracellular conversion products.2. Platelet-poor plasma converted ADP into adenosine monophosphate (AMP), but this activity was destroyed at 56° C in 10 minutes. Heated, platelet- poor plasma was a suitable medium for washing and suspending platelets in these studies.3. Platelets washed and suspended in heated plasma were clumped by ADP and produced ADP-dephosphorylation only in the presence of divalent cation. Red cells showed no ability to dephosphorylate ADP in this system.4. Platelets washed in saline or studied in the presence of excess AMP were not clumped by ADP nor did they yield ADP-dephosphorylation. Benadryl inhibited platelet clumping, but was without effect on ADP-dephosphorylation.It is suggested that ADP clumps platelets by serving as an energy source to activate a binding reaction as yet unidentified.
Incorporation of Labelled Nucleotides and Aggregation of Human Blood Platelets
Authors: Salzman E. W , Chambers D. A , Neri Lena L. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryAddition of ADP-8-C14 to platelet-rich plasma results in platelet radioactivity through a series of temperature-dependent reactions involving stepwise dephosphorylation of the nucleotide in plasma and then incorporation of the adenosine residue by the platelet, where it participates as a precursor in synthesis of platelet adenine nucleotides. This sequence of events, which requires a heat-labile nondialysable plasma factor, is blocked by 0.01 M KCN, by EDTA, by arginine methyl ester, by adenosine, and by AMP.ADP-induced platelet aggregation does not require the reactions outlined above and proceeds without ADP - breakdown and without binding of the ADP- molecule to the platelet. A possible mechanism of this phenomenon is suggested.
Some Effects of Low Molecular Weight Dextran on Coagulation
Authors: Dugdale Marion , Nofzinger J.D , Murphey F 
Published: June 2018

SummaryLMDX has been shown to affect adversely the rate of prothrombin consumption during coagulation and the structure of the fibrin clot when present in the concentrations usually recommended for clinical use. Its use in animals with hemostatic defects induced by the pump-oxygenator was accompanied by excessive bleeding. At the same time, however, it conferred some form of protection which led to improved survival. A manner of using LMDX so as to benefit from its protective action without endangering hemostasis is currently under study.
Effects of Epsilon-Aminocaproic Acid on Fibrin Clot Lysis
Authors: Egeblad K 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe inhibitory effect of EACA on plasmin, urokinase, and SK-activator was investigated by means of fibrin clot lysis. Clot formation and resolution was followed by thrombelastography.Lysis of the simple fibrin clot by plasmin is inhibited by low concentrations of EACA. There is a dual effect of EACA on urokinase induced fibrinolysis. Low concentrations of EACA enhanced, whereas high concentrations inhibited urokinase activity. Assayed in the simple fibrin clot the SK-activator was the most sensitive to EACA inhibition, urokinase fibrinolysis the least.Several factors influence the inhibitory effect of EACA, and the effect depends on the fibrinolytic agent used. The inhibitory effect of EACA on urokinase was strongly potentiated by a plasma factor present in the euglobulin fraction. The effect of EACA on SK-activator was only slightly potentiated by the plasma factor, and there was no effect on plasmin inhibition.In presence of the urinary trypsin inhibitor mingin the inhibitory effect of EACA on urokinase induced fibrinolysis was enormously increased and the enhancing effect of EACA was reversed. Assayed against SK-activator the effect of mingin was less pronounced, and was only slight when assayed against plasmin. The inhibitory effects of the soy bean trypsin inhibitor, the ox lung trypsin inhibitor pulmin, and the pancreas inhibitor of Kunitz on the urokinase fibrinolysis were all slightly decreased in presence of EACA.The thrombin generation in recalcified human plasma, the tissue thromboplastin time, and the thrombin time were all unaffected by even high concentrations of EACA, However, in the thrombelastographie assay, EACA influenced fibrin formation or structure when present together with activators of plasminogen.The multiple effects of EACA on fibrinolysis makes it difficult to elucidate its action in vivo.
Effect of Dextrans in Vitro on the Adenosine Diphosphate Induced Adhesiveness of Human Blood Platelets
Authors: Bygdeman S , Eliasson R 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe effect of adding dextrans with Mw from 40,000 to 153,000 to blood samples on the ADP induced platelet adhesiveness to glass has been studied. It was observed that a dextran concentration in the plasma of 1 % did not change the adhesiveness, while a concentration of 1.5 and 2% caused a slight increase. The results make it less likely that the decreased tendency of the platelets to aggregate in vivo after dextran treatment, as described by other authors, is due to an effect on the ADP reactive receptors located on the surface of the platelets.
A Device for the Production of Well-Defined Lesions of Mesenteric Blood Vessels with Resulting Platelet Thrombi
Authors: Reber K 
Published: June 2018

SummaryWell-defined lesions of mesenteric blood vessels with resulting platelet thrombi are produced in a reproducible manner by electric stimulation with a microelectrode under microscopic observation. The apparatus used and the results obtained are described.
Effects of Dimethyl Sulphoxide and of Vitamin A on Human Platelets
Authors: Davey M. G , Lüscher E. F 
Published: June 2018

SummaryDimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) causes some release of amino acids, adenine nucleotides, and acid phosphatase and β-glucuronidase activities from washed human platelets. Addition of vitamin A with DMSO greatly enhances the effect; but vitamin A in ethanol added to platelets fails to release amino acids and nucleotides. Release appears to be due to a change in permeability of the platelet membrane, not to the discharge of contents of intracellular structures. Lipid peroxidation of membrane phospholipids, or a similar reaction, may be involved. Thrombin causes a different type of alteration in platelet permeability.The results suggest that DMSO should not be used as a preservative for platelets. They may have some bearing on the mechanisms of toxicity of DMSO and vitamin A.
Variation in ADP-Induced Platelet Aggregation in Vitro in Primates as a Result of Differences in Plasma ADP Inhibitor Levels
Authors: Hawkey C. M , Symons C 
Published: June 2018

SummaryADP-induced platelet aggregation and its reversal has been studied in platelet rich plasma of 25 non-human primates of 10 different species under standardised conditions. A wide variation in response to ADP in monkeys of different species has been found. A method is described for measuring ADP-splitting enzymes in plasma and using this method, a correlation has been found between reversal of ADP induced platelet aggregation and high levels of plasma ADP inhibitor. The results obtained are consistent with the hypothesis that variation in response to ADP of platelet-rich plasma is a result of differences in levels of plasma ADP-splitting enzymes.
The Effect of Imidazole upon Platelets Incubated in Vitro
Authors: Rossi E. C 
Published: June 2018

SummaryRat platelets were incubated in either balanced salt solution (BSS) buffered with imidazole, in plasma or in a third medium composed of BSS and plasma in a volume to volume mixture. Platelets incubated in imidazole BSS showed a more rapid decline in platelet count, earlier appearance of platelet clumping, greater consumption of glucose, greater production of lactic acid and CO2, and more rapid turnover of 32Pi. Platelets incubated in plasma showed less pronounced changes in these parameters while platelets incubated in imidazole BSS: plasma showed effects that were intermediate in degree to those observed with imidazole BSS or plasma alone. The possibility that these effects are related to the depletion of platelet ATP by imidazole is discussed.