bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relapse following use of Ponseti method in idiopathic clubfoot
Authors: Chand S. , Mehtani A. , Sud A. , Prakash J. , Sinha A. , Agnihotri A. 
Published: November 2018

Purpose We assessed the pattern of relapse as well as the correlation between the number of casts required for correction and Pirani and Dimeglio scores at presentation, and age at presentation. We hypothesized that the Ponseti method would be effective in treatment of relapsed clubfoot as well. Methods We evaluated 115 idiopathic clubfeet in 79 children presenting with relapse following treatment by the Ponseti method. The mean age was 33.8 months with mean follow-up of 24 months. All patients were assessed for various patterns of relapsed deformities. Quantification of deformities was done using the Pirani and Dimeglio scores. All relapsed feet were treated by a repeat Ponseti protocol. Results Non-compliance to a foot abduction brace was observed to be the main contributing factor in relapse, in 99 clubfeet (86%). Combination of three static deformities (equinus, varus and adduction) together was observed most commonly (38.3% feet). Overall, relapse of equinus deformity was noted most commonly followed by adduction. A painless plantigrade foot was obtained in all 115 feet with a mean of five casts. In all, 71 feet (61.7%) underwent percutaneous tenotomy. A total of 15 feet (13%) required tibialis anterior tendon transfer. Re-relapse rate in group 1 was 21% compared with 12.6% in group 2 and overall 16.5%. Conclusion We conclude that the Ponseti method is effective and the preferred initial treatment modality for relapsed clubfeet. Surgical intervention should be reserved for residual deformity only after a fair trial of Ponseti cast treatment. Regular follow-up and strict adherence to brace protocol may reduce future relapse rates. Further research is required to identify high-risk feet and develop individualized bracing protocol. Level of evidence IV
Is it always necessary to perform an axillary lymph node dissection after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer?
Authors: Osorio-Silla I , Gómez Valdazo A , Sánchez Méndez J I , York E , Díaz-Almirón M , Gómez Ramírez J , Rivas Fidalgo S , Oliver JM , Álvarez CM , Hardisson D , Díaz Miguel M , Lobo F , Díaz Domínguez J 
Published: November 2018

Introduction Recent prospective studies support the feasibility of performing sentinel lymph node biopsy following neoadjuvant chemotherapy in initially fine-needle aspiration cytology or ultrasound-guided biopsy-proven node-positive breast cancer. The main aid is to identify preoperative features that help us predict a complete axillary response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in these patients and thus select the candidates for sentinel lymph node biopsy post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy to avoid unnecessary axillary lymphadenectomy. Materials and methods A retrospective observational study with a total of 150 patients, biopsy-proven node-positive breast cancer who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by breast surgery and axillary lymphadenectomy were included and retrospectively analysed. A predictive model was generated by a multivariate logistic regression analysis for pathological complete response-dependent variable. Results The response of the primary lesion to neoadjuvant chemotherapy according to post-treatment magnetic resonance imaging, Her2/neu overexpression and a low estrogen receptor expression are associated with a higher rate of nodal pathologically complete response. The multivariant model generated a receiver operating characteristic curve with an area under the curve of 0.79 and a confidence interval of 0.72–0.87 at a 95% level of significance. Conclusions This model could be a helpful tool for the surgeon to help in predicting which cases have a higher likelihood of achieving a pathologically complete response and therefore selecting those who may benefit from a post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy sentinel lymph node biopsy and avoid unnecessary axillary lymphadenectomy.
Gold, Slaves, and Trading Routes in Southern Blue Nile (Abbay) Societies, Ethiopia, 13th–16th Centuries
Authors: Bouanga Ayda 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In the thirteenth century, the territories of Damot, Ǝnnarya, Ǝndägäbṭän, and Wäräb, located south of the Blue Nile, west of Awash, and northeast of the Gibe watershed, belonged to the realm of Damot. At that time, the motälämi dynasty ruled the kingdom and sought to assert authority over the Muslim states of eastern Ethiopia, šäwa, and Ifat. Following the accession of the Solomonic dynasty and its territorial conquests in the fourteenth century, the Kingdom of Damot gradually disappeared. It gave way to two different entities: the eastern part is known as medieval Damot—protectorate of the Christian kingdom—whereas the western part became the southern region of the Christian province of šäwa. South of this geopolitical entity were the kingdoms of Gamo and Janjero, which were famous for trading gold and slaves, particularly eunuchs, throughout the medieval period. Inhabited by agro-pastoralists settled in different areas of southern Blue Nile, Damot, Gamo, and Janjero were at the crossroads of an important trade in luxury goods. Slaves and gold originated from there and were then integrated into a long-distance commercial network. After passing through the Muslim states of eastern Ethiopia, the goods arrived in the ports of the Red Sea (Massawa and Zeyla) before reaching the Arabian Peninsula and Asia. This article analyzes the economic history of the region, draws the contours of the production of gold and slaves, and traces their routes to the Red Sea. It shows a relatively stable localization of the “production” of gold and slaves in Ethiopia during the medieval period. At the local level, this phenomenon raises questions about various aspects of the Ethiopian slave trade, such as the methods of slave acquisition (raids, wars, punitive expeditions), and the role of physical and cultural otherness (stigmatization and legitimization based on cultural denigration), and their impact on the transformation of political structures.
Ethiopia and Great Britain: A Note on the Anti-Slavery Protocol of 1884
Authors: Meckelburg Alexander , Gebreyes Solomon 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The emperor of Ethiopia, Yoḥannǝs IV (r. 1872–89), signed a peace treaty with Britain in 1884, which ended the Egyptian–Ethiopian war. This treaty was negotiated by Rear Admiral Sir William Hewett on behalf of the British government. In the treaty’s appendix, Emperor Yoḥannǝs IV also signed an anti-slavery agreement in which he confirmed his will to eliminate the slave trade in all territories under his control. Although the “Hewett treaty” has received some academic interest, the slavery protocol went rather unnoticed. In this article, we will give an overview of the protocol, put it in its historical context, and present a critical edition and translation of the document. We analyze the protocol as written evidence for the British colonial agenda in the wider region of the Horn of Africa.
Fəqrənna Agälgəlot Mahbär (Love and Service Association): Hakim Wärqənäh and an Early Ethiopian NGO
Authors: Garretson Peter P. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
During the 1920s Hakim Wärqənäh founded the Fəqrənna Agälgəlot Mahbär (Love and Service Organization), which was one of the most important attempts by Ethiopian intellectuals and elite to grapple with the issue of slavery and the slave trade in Ethiopia. It may also have been Ethiopia’s first international NGO (nongovernmental organization). After approval from the heir to the throne, it went on to found a school for freed slaves, the first in Ethiopia. It included in its membership most of Ethiopia’s progressives in the pre-1935 era. It also became an important component in Ras Täfäri’s modernization campaign and a way for progressives to organize and network through their regular meetings. Wärqənäh combined elements of two organizations of which he had been a member, the traditional Mahbär and the Masonic order. All new members had to agree to free all their slaves.
From simplicial homotopy to crossed module homotopy in modified categories of interest
Authors: Emir Kadir , Çetin Selim 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
We address the (pointed) homotopy of crossed module morphisms in modified categories of interest that unify the notions of groups and various algebraic structures. We prove that the homotopy relation gives rise to an equivalence relation as well as to a groupoid structure with no restriction on either domain or co-domain of the corresponding crossed module morphisms. Furthermore, we also consider particular cases such as crossed modules in the categories of associative algebras, Leibniz algebras, Lie algebras and dialgebras of the unified homotopy definition. Finally, as one of the major objectives of this paper, we prove that the functor from simplicial objects to crossed modules in modified categories of interest preserves the homotopy as well as the homotopy equivalence.
Experimental analysis of structural damage in tensile membranes
Authors: Trentadue Bartolomeo 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Different numerical and experimental methods have recently been introduced in the literature for the diagnosis of structural damage by using location-dependent changes in the modal parameters (natural frequencies, damping factors and mode shapes). The main task is to determine the presence, location and extent of the damage. This work is concerned with the possibility of introducing, along with a manufacturing process, an on-line quality control for structural components before assembly using modal parameters. The assembly process is usually realized by welding joints or bolts. The structural reliability of the entire system results, therefore, is dependent on the reliability of the single elementary components as well as on the local quality of the welding processes. As a result, a non-destructive control provided together with the relevant assembly or manufacturing process can be important for the integrity of the whole system. The modal analysis techniques [Giannoccaro NI, Messina A, Trentadue B, Masciocco G, Montuori G. Detection of Changes in Mechanical Components for Automobile Chassis Using Modal Data. ATA International Edition, 2001; Messina A, Williams EJ, Contursi T. J. Sound Vib. 1998, 216 (5), 791–808] lend themselves well to the case because they are based on the measurement of parameters (natural frequencies and mode shapes). They are sensitive to the structural modifications but have a different sensitivity for the variations in the generic investigated zones of the system. To enact the real possibility of using such a technique, the defects that are troublesome for integrating the assembled or elementary component must be established. These defects have to induce some variations in the checked parameters (modal parameters) in order to be out of experimental repeatability of the same parameters connected with healthy structural systems. In this work, natural frequencies are shown and compared to a non-contact optical technique subsequently experimentally reliable when used in diagnostic routines connected with geometrically similar components from a molding process.
Pain assessment in hospitalized spinal cord injured patients – a controlled cross-sectional study
Authors: Rosendahl Amalie , Krogh Søren , Kasch Helge 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background and aims
Following spinal cord injury (SCI), a majority of individuals may develop neuropathic pain, which further reduces quality of life. Pain is difficult to treat by medication; in fact, medication overuse may aggravate neuropathic pain in SCI by causing central sensitization (CS): a mechanism of hyper-reactivity of the dorsal horn neurons in the spinal cord with amplified cerebral pain response. The purpose of this study was to examine the presence of neuropathic pain and CS above the spinal lesion in SCI, and to investigate whether injury characteristics or medication influenced pain response.

Methods
Twenty-four SCI patients with various injury characteristics (eight subacute, traumatic injuries, eight chronic, traumatic injuries, eight non-traumatic injuries) and 12 able-bodied controls underwent sensory testing:pressure algometry, Von Frey filaments (sensitivity), and repetitive pinprick stimulation (pain windup). SCI participants also fulfilled a modified version of the McGill Pain Questionnaire. Data were analyzed regarding (i) SCI patients compared with controlgroup and (ii) SCI subgroup comparison (grouped by a) injury characteristics and (b) intake of analgesics, where low-medicated subgroup were prescribed only non-opioids and high-medicated potent opioids).

Results
Neuropathic pain was present in 21 of 24 SCI patients. Chronic and non-traumatic SCI patients reported considerably higher present pain intensity than sub-acute traumatic SCI patients on a five-point scale (3.13±0.99, 1.75±1.75 and 0.13±0.35, respectively, p<0.005). Reduced pressure pain detection thresholds (PPDT) were found in SCI patients at several supra-lesional anatomical points compared to controls. Contrarily, tactile detection thresholds were higher in SCI. SCI subgroup analyses showed that i) the low-medicated SCI subgroup displayed significantly lower PPDT compared to the high-medicated subgroup, ii) pain-windup was present in all subgroups although the sub-acute and non-traumatic subgroups displayed lesser pain windup than controls, and the chronic SCI subgroup mainly displayed higher pain windup.

Conclusions
The reduced PPDT found above lesion suggests the presence of CS in SCI. However, findings regarding SCI subgroup comparison did not support our hypothesis that more medication leads to increased CS.

Implications
The development of CS may complicate diagnosis and pain treatment following SCI. Prospective studies of SCI with a healthy control group are needed.
Jean de Joinville and the Old French rhotic consonant
Authors: Chekin Peter 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Based on textual evidence from Jean de Joinville’s Vie de saint Louis, this article argues that the Old French rhotic consonant /r/ had a dorsal pronunciation for at least some groups of medieval Francophones. This argument counters the prevailing view that medieval French /r/ was uniformly apical, and that the now-standard dorsal pronunciation only emerged in the early modern period. The article then develops the hypothesis that dorsal /r/ came into Old French as a result of Germanic influence, and not as a spontaneous development. For this purpose, it first surveys the current state of the debate about the origins of dorsal /r/ in the Germanic languages and evaluates the merits of its principal arguments in the light of Joinville’s testimony. The article then advances a sociolinguistic argument in favor of the Germanic-origins hypothesis. Using the available evidence for the interactions between Germanic- and Romance-speakers at the dawn of the written French language, it proposes that Carolingian-era nobles who were native speakers of Franconian dialects brought this pronunciation of /r/ into Old French, and that this sound subsequently persisted in some Old French aristocratic speech as part of a prestige accent.
Visiblement : l’évolution diachronique d’un marqueur évidentiel
Authors: Vanderheyden Anne , Dendale Patrick 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

In this paper we describe the French adverb visiblement in synchrony as well as in diachrony on the basis of all its occurrences in the data base Frantext. We show how and when it developed into an evidential marker. We examine the various distributional, syntactic and semantic changes the adverb underwent, from Old French until now. Regarding its evidential meaning, we show that visiblement, despite the presence of the perception element visible in its morphology, belongs to the category of evidential markers of inference (on the basis of perceivable or cognitively clear evidence) and not to that of evidential markers of direct perception. Finally, on a more theoretical level, we show in this study that in the case of visiblement semantic change precedes syntactic change, which seems to be rather uncommon.
Middle constructions in Romanian
Authors: Bodoc Alice , Gheorghe Mihaela 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The present paper aims to present an inventory of Romanian middle contructions (se‑verbal constructions), and to extend the analysis to other structures (with or without se) that were not previously investigated, but exhibit the same characteristics, and seem to allow middle reading (adjunct middles). Since Jespersen (1927), middles were attested cross-linguistically, and the focus on middles is justified if we consider the fact that this is an interesting testing ground for theories of syntax, semantics and their interaction (Fagan 1992). Starting from Grahek’s definition (2008, 44), in this paper, middles are a heterogeneous class of constructions that share formal properties of both active and passive structures: on the one hand, they have active verb forms, but, on the other hand, like passives, they have understood subjects and normally display promoted objects. The corpus analysis will focus on the particular contexts in which the middle reading is triggered: i) the adverbial modification; ii) the modal/procedural interpretation of the event; iii) the responsibility of the subject; iv) the arbitrary interpretation of the implicit argument which follows from the generic interpretation (Steinbach 2002).
Encore la note marginale de la première page du manuscrit de la Chanson de la croisade albigeoise
Authors: Kullmann Dorothea 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Edition of the erased marginal note of the first page of the manuscript of the Chanson de la croisade albigeoise (BnF fr. 25425). This note seems to indicate the name of the person responsible for the text as a whole, who is very likely the same as the – hitherto anonymous – author of the second part of the Chanson. It was probably added in order to correct the information given by the first lines of the text in this manuscript.
Proposing a New Apparatus to Assess the Properties of Self-Consolidating Concrete
Authors: Nili Mahmoud , Razmara Mehrdaad 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Developing a quick and low-disturbance method that allows quantification of the fresh properties of self-consolidating concrete (SCC), such as filling ability, passing ability, and segregation resistance, is in high demand. Some apparatuses that measure only one property of SCC have been developed so far, so there is no apparatus for simultaneous measurement of all SCC properties. In the present article, a new apparatus that can rapidly assess the aforementioned properties at the same time was proposed. In order to evaluate the performance of the new apparatus, seven different SCC mixtures were prepared, and their fresh properties were experimentally analyzed. One common test for each property of SCC was also performed to verify the results. The results of this article revealed that the results obtained of fresh properties by the new apparatus were in a good agreement with those measured by the traditional methods. As a result, the proposed apparatus may be an appropriate substitution for determination of all SCC properties.
Experimental Study on Clay Brick Masonry Assemblies Strengthened with Basalt Textile Reinforced Mortar
Authors: Ewe Bryan , Mo Kim Hung , Lee Foo Wei , Yuen Choon Wah , Ling Tung-Chai 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis research proposes the use of a basalt textile-reinforced mortar (TRM) system as an overlay to strengthen brick masonry. A comparison of the strength performances, namely, the compressive strength, flexural bond strength, and shear bond strength, between unreinforced brick assembly and basalt TRM–reinforced brick assembly was made. The reinforced specimens exhibited improved strength performance, in particular, the flexural bond and shear bond strengths whereby more than a two-fold increase was observed. Additionally, the coefficient of variations in the compressive and flexural bond strength of brick assemblies was reduced when reinforced with the basalt TRM.
Influence of Materials and Machining Parameters on Drilling Performance of Syntactic Foams
Authors: Ashrith Hiriyalu Shivegowda , Doddamani Mrityunjay , Gaitonde Vinayak Neelakanth , Gupta Nikhil 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The effects of drilling parameters and material properties are investigated on epoxy matrix syntactic foams reinforced with 20, 40, and 60 volume percent glass microballoon. The influences of cutting speed, feed, drill diameter, and filler content on drilling performance are studied based on the full factorial design of experiments using tungsten carbide twist drills. Based on experimental results, machinability aspects within the range of the chosen input parameters are predicted using response surface methodology-based models, which can guide industrial practitioners for choosing the appropriate process parameters. Microscopy is conducted on the drilled specimens to understand crack initiation and propagation mechanisms. The thrust force and specific cutting coefficient of syntactic foam are 40 % lower as compared to those of neat epoxy. The surface roughness of syntactic foams is higher than that of neat epoxy. The micrographs of drill bits show negligible tool wear. These results show the possibility of using syntactic foams in industrial applications in which the drilling of material is required for reasons such as joining using bolts.
Tendencias del uso agrícola del agua en tres municipios del bajío michoacano
Authors: González-Santana Octavio M. 
Published: November 2018

La modernización de la agricultura y la producción de cultivos para exportación, impacta fuertemente en el ámbito rural. En el análisis exploratorio discutiremos el cambio de los patrones de cultivo y su efecto en el consumo de agua subterránea en municipios michoacanos. Específicamente examinamos las presiones que sufre un acuífero de una subcuenca, así como una desigual distribución de los recursos hídricos. Desde una perspectiva geográfica, utilizamos tres variables para evaluar la presión ejercida sobre los recursos hídricos: cantidad de pozos, volumen concesionado y profundidad de perforación. Ese primer acercamiento permite visualizar las áreas que están en riesgo de sobreexplotación, pues se han hecho muy pocos estudios hidrológicos sobre el nivel de equilibrio hidráulico de los acuíferos en México. Otro aspecto dilucidado es por qué hay un grado de concentración de pozos en un sitio determinado desde mediados de1980.
II. ABDÜLHAMİD DÖNEMİNDE TRABZON’DA AMELE GÖÇÜ
Authors: İPEK Nedim 
Published: November 2018

Osmanlı coğrafyasında
emeğin istihdam alanı ile iş arayanların bulunduğu yerler birbirinden farklı
idi. Bu durum gurbetçiliği tetiklemekteydi. Rumeli’de geçim sıkıntısı çekenler
İstanbul’un yanı sıra hasat vakti Yunanistan, Bulgaristan, Romanya kırsalına
gidiyorlardı. Doğu ve Güneydoğulular rızıklarını temin için Adana’ya giderken,
Orta Anadolu ve Adalardan İzmir ve Batı Anadolu’ya geliyorlardı. Göç veren
yerlerden en çok sıkıntı çekilen yer Trabzon bölgesiydi. Halk çareyi gurbete
gitmekte buluyordu.&nbsp; Gurbetçiler
Trabzon’dan Zonguldak, İstanbul, Bulgaristan, Romanya, Rusya ve Gürcistan’a
geçici olarak gitmekteydi.